bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Über große Dächer – „Die fünfte Ansicht”
Authors: Möller Eberhard 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDas Oskar von Miller Forum in München zeigte von Ende Oktober bis Ende November 2016 in Kooperation mit dem M:AI Museum für Architektur und Ingenieurkunst NRW eine Ausstellung über Gewölbe, Schalen, Kuppeln und Dächer – und über ihre Inge nieure! Viel zu kurz blitzte für ein breites Publikum im Foyer des Forums der Bayerischen Bauwirtschaft auf, was vielleicht zum Grundwissen kultivierter Ingenieure zählt: In Texten, Plänen, Fotos, Modellen und Videos präsentierten die Kuratoren mehr als 30 ikonographische Dachtragwerke aus zwei Jahrtausenden – Meilensteine der Ingenieurbaukunst vom Pantheon in Rom bis zum Metropol Parasol in Sevilla, von den Münchner Olympia dächern bis zur Berliner Reichstagskuppel, vom Londoner Kristallpalast über Sydneys Opernhaus bis zum New Bangkok International Airport.
Acquired and congenital coronary artery abnormalities
Authors: Young Ming-Lon , McLeary Michael , Chan Kak-Chen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSudden unexpected cardiac deaths in approximately 20% of young athletes are due to acquired or congenital coronary artery abnormalities. Kawasaki disease is the leading cause for acquired coronary artery abnormalities, which can cause late coronary artery sequelae including aneurysms, stenosis, and thrombosis, leading to myocardial ischaemia and ventricular fibrillation. Patients with anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery can develop adequate collateral circulation from the right coronary artery in the newborn period, which remains asymptomatic only to manifest in adulthood with myocardial ischaemia, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death. Anomalous origin of coronary artery from the opposite sinus occurs in 0.7% of the young general population aged between 11 and 15 years. If the anomalous coronary artery courses between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, sudden cardiac death may occur during or shortly after vigorous exercise, especially in patients where the anomalous left coronary artery originates from the right sinus of Valsalva. Symptomatic patients with evidence of ischaemia should have surgical correction. No treatment is needed for asymptomatic patients with an anomalous right coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva. At present, there is no consensus regarding how to manage asymptomatic patients with anomalous left coronary artery from the right sinus of Valsalva and interarterial course. Myocardial bridging is commonly observed in cardiac catheterisation and it rarely causes exercise-induced coronary syndrome or cardiac death. In symptomatic patients, refractory or β-blocker treatment and surgical un-bridging may be considered.
Return to play in the athlete with cardiac disease: who decides and what is the protocol?
Authors: Silka Michael J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractImproved public awareness and advances in medical diagnostics have resulted in the development of criteria to determine eligibility or disqualification for the athlete with cardiovascular abnormalities. Simultaneously, protocols have been developed for athletes with concussion or orthopaedic injuries to guide team physicians and consultants in return-to-play decisions. However, there are currently inadequate data to allow the development of such protocols for athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities who have undergone treatment. Further complicating the decision process is the designation of the team physician as the ultimate authority in making return-to-play decisions – where the team physician often is an employee of the team and supports the team’s goal and players as well as the individual athlete. This review will discuss the ethical dilemma of the team physician and the role of the cardiovascular consultant. Following this, current data and practices regarding return to play will be discussed for the following conditions or diagnoses: following catheter ablation for supraventricular tachycardia; following pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation; unexplained syncope; and the athlete with a genetic mutation in the absence of any phenotype of associated disease. These recommendations will undoubtedly continue to evolve and improve and should be considered at this time as a point of departure.
How pacemakers work and simple programming: a primer for the non-electrophysiologist
Authors: Chiu-Man Christine 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPaediatric pacemaker management is challenging because of the small patient size, complex cardiac anatomy, and unique programming considerations. Hardware placement options include epicardial and transvenous systems. When pacemaker malfunction is suspected, a systematic approach is required to determine whether there is malfunction in pacing, sensing, or no output due to hardware problem. In most cases, simple reprogramming may circumvent the problem and allow retention of the pacemaker system.
New insights into marine group III Euryarchaeota, from dark to light
Authors: Haro-Moreno Jose M , Rodriguez-Valera Francisco , López-García Purificación , Moreira David , Martin-Cuadrado Ana-Belen 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Marine Euryarchaeota remain among the least understood major components of marine microbial communities. Marine group II Euryarchaeota (MG-II) are more abundant in surface waters (4–20% of the total prokaryotic community), whereas marine group III Euryarchaeota (MG-III) are generally considered low-abundance members of deep mesopelagic and bathypelagic communities. Using genome assembly from direct metagenome reads and metagenomic fosmid clones, we have identified six novel MG-III genome sequence bins from the photic zone (Epi1–6) and two novel bins from deep-sea samples (Bathy1–2). Genome completeness in those genome bins varies from 44% to 85%. Photic-zone MG-III bins corresponded to novel groups with no similarity, and significantly lower GC content, when compared with previously described deep-MG-III genome bins. As found in many other epipelagic microorganisms, photic-zone MG-III bins contained numerous photolyase and rhodopsin genes, as well as genes for peptide and lipid uptake and degradation, suggesting a photoheterotrophic lifestyle. Phylogenetic analysis of these photolyases and rhodopsins as well as their genomic context suggests that these genes are of bacterial origin, supporting the hypothesis of an MG-III ancestor that lived in the dark ocean. Epipelagic MG-III occur sporadically and in relatively small proportions in marine plankton, representing only up to 0.6% of the total microbial community reads in metagenomes. None of the reconstructed epipelagic MG-III genomes were present in metagenomes from aphotic zone depths or from high latitude regions. Most low-GC bins were highly enriched at the deep chlorophyll maximum zones, with the exception of Epi1, which appeared evenly distributed throughout the photic zone worldwide.
Expeditious diastereoselective synthesis of elaborated ketones via remote Csp3–H functionalization
Authors: Shu Wei , Lorente Adriana , Gómez-Bengoa Enrique , Nevado Cristina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe quest for selective C–H functionalization reactions, able to provide new strategic opportunities for the rapid assembly of molecular complexity, represents a major focus of the chemical community. Examples of non-directed, remote Csp3–H activation to forge complex carbon frameworks remain scarce due to the kinetic stability and thus intrinsic challenge associated to the chemo-, regio- and stereoselective functionalization of aliphatic C–H bonds. Here we describe a radical-mediated, directing-group-free regioselective 1,5-hydrogen transfer of unactivated Csp3–H bonds followed by a second Csp2–H functionalization to produce, with exquisite stereoselectivity, a variety of elaborated fused ketones. This study demonstrates that aliphatic acids can be strategically harnessed as 1,2-diradical synthons and that secondary aliphatic C–H bonds can be engaged in stereoselective C–C bond-forming reactions, highlighting the potential of this protocol for target-oriented natural product and pharmaceutical synthesis.
Heterogeneity in mantle carbon content from CO2-undersaturated basalts
Authors: Le Voyer M. , Kelley K.A. , Cottrell E. , Hauri E.H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe amount of carbon present in Earth’s mantle affects the dynamics of melting, volcanic eruption style and the evolution of Earth’s atmosphere via planetary outgassing. Mantle carbon concentrations are difficult to quantify because most magmas are strongly degassed upon eruption. Here we report undegassed carbon concentrations from a new set of olivine-hosted melt inclusions from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. We use the correlations of CO2 with trace elements to define an average carbon abundance for the upper mantle. Our results indicate that the upper mantle carbon content is highly heterogeneous, varying by almost two orders of magnitude globally, with the potential to produce large geographic variations in melt fraction below the volatile-free solidus. Such heterogeneity will manifest as variations in the depths at which melt becomes interconnected and detectable, the CO2 fluxes at mid-ocean ridges, the depth of the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary, and mantle conductivity.
Building logical qubits in a superconducting quantum computing system
Authors: Gambetta Jay M. , Chow Jerry M. , Steffen Matthias 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe technological world is in the midst of a quantum computing and quantum information revolution. Since Richard Feynman’s famous ‘plenty of room at the bottom’ lecture (Feynman, Engineering and Science23, 22 (1960)), hinting at the notion of novel devices employing quantum mechanics, the quantum information community has taken gigantic strides in understanding the potential applications of a quantum computer and laid the foundational requirements for building one. We believe that the next significant step will be to demonstrate a quantum memory, in which a system of interacting qubits stores an encoded logical qubit state longer than the incorporated parts. Here, we describe the important route towards a logical memory with superconducting qubits, employing a rotated version of the surface code. The current status of technology with regards to interconnected superconducting-qubit networks will be described and near-term areas of focus to improve devices will be identified. Overall, the progress in this exciting field has been astounding, but we are at an important turning point, where it will be critical to incorporate engineering solutions with quantum architectural considerations, laying the foundation towards scalable fault-tolerant quantum computers in the near future.
Soluble Uric Acid Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Authors: Braga Tarcio Teodoro , Forni Maria Fernanda , Correa-Costa Matheus , Ramos Rodrigo Nalio , Barbuto Jose Alexandre , Branco Paola , Castoldi Angela , Hiyane Meire Ioshie , Davanso Mariana Rodrigues , Latz Eicke , Franklin Bernardo S. , Kowaltowski Alicia J. , Camara Niels Olsen Saraiva 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUric acid is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP), released from ischemic tissues and dying cells which, when crystalized, is able to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Soluble uric acid (sUA) is found in high concentrations in the serum of great apes, and even higher in some diseases, before the appearance of crystals. In the present study, we sought to investigate whether uric acid, in the soluble form, could also activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and induce the production of IL-1β. We monitored ROS, mitochondrial area and respiratory parameters from macrophages following sUA stimulus. We observed that sUA is released in a hypoxic environment and is able to induce IL-1β release. This process is followed by production of mitochondrial ROS, ASC speck formation and caspase-1 activation.Nlrp3−/−macrophages presented a protected redox state, increased maximum and reserve oxygen consumption ratio (OCR) and higher VDAC protein levels when compared to WT andMyd88−/−cells. Using a disease model characterized by increased sUA levels, we observed a correlation between sUA, inflammasome activation and fibrosis. These findings suggest sUA activates the NLRP3 inflammasome. We propose that future therapeutic strategies for renal fibrosis should include strategies that block sUA or inhibit its recognition by phagocytes.
Temperature shapes coral-algal symbiosis in the South China Sea
Authors: Tong Haoya , Cai Lin , Zhou Guowei , Yuan Tao , Zhang Weipeng , Tian Renmao , Huang Hui , Qian Pei-Yuan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWith the increase in sea surface temperature (SST), scleractinian corals are exposed to bleaching threats but may possess certain flexibilities in terms of their associations with symbiotic algae. Previous studies have shown a close symbiosis between coral the and Symbiodinium; however, the spatial variation of the symbiosis and the attribution underlying are not well understood. In the present study, we examined coral-algal symbiosis in Galaxea fascicularis and Montipora spp. from three biogeographic regions across ~10° of latitude in the South China Sea. Analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) indicated a highly flexible coral-algal symbiosis in both G. fascicularis and Montipora spp. and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that temperature explained 83.2% and 60.1% of the explanatory subclade variations in G. fascicularis and Montipora spp., respectively, which suggested that temperature was the main environmental factor contributing to the diversity of Symbiodinium across the three regions. The geographic specificity of the Symbiodinium phylogeny was identified, revealing possible environmental selection across the three regions. These results suggest that scleractinian corals may have the ability to regulate Symbiodinium community structures under different temperatures and thus be able to adapt to gradual climate change.
Electronic Excitation Dynamics in Liquid Water under Proton Irradiation
Authors: Reeves Kyle G. , Kanai Yosuke 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMolecular behaviour of liquid water under proton irradiation is of great importance to a number of technological and medical applications. The highly energetic proton generates a time-varying field that is highly localized and heterogeneous at the molecular scale, and massive electronic excitations are produced as a result of the field-matter interaction. Using first-principles quantum dynamics simulations, we reveal details of how electrons are dynamically excited through non-equilibrium energy transfer from highly energetic protons in liquid water on the atto/femto-second time scale. Water molecules along the path of the energetic proton undergo ionization at individual molecular level, and the excitation primarily derives from lone pair electrons on the oxygen atom of water molecules. A reduced charge state on the energetic proton in the condensed phase of water results in the strongly suppressed electronic response when compared to water molecules in the gas phase. These molecular-level findings provide important insights into understanding the water radiolysis process under proton irradiation.
A Nitric Oxide-Donating Statin Decreases Portal Pressure with a Better Toxicity Profile than Conventional Statins in Cirrhotic Rats
Authors: Rodríguez Sarai , Raurell Imma , Torres-Arauz Manuel , García-Lezana Teresa , Genescà Joan , Martell María 
Published: January 2017

AbstractStatins present many beneficial effects in chronic liver disease, but concerns about safety exist. We evaluated the hepatic effects of a nitric oxide-releasing atorvastatin (NCX 6560) compared to conventional statins. Simvastatin, atorvastatin and NCX 6560 were evaluated in four-week bile duct-ligated rats (BDL) simulating decompensated cirrhosis and in thirteen-week carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxicated rats, a model of early cirrhosis. In the BDL model, simvastatin treated rats showed high mortality and the remaining animals presented muscular and hepatic toxicity. At equivalent doses, NCX 6560 eliminated hepatic toxicity and reduced muscular toxicity (60–74%) caused by atorvastatin in the more advanced BDL model; toxicity was minimal in the CCl4 model. Atorvastatin and NCX 6560 similarly reduced portal pressure without changing systemic hemodynamics in both models. Atorvastatin and NCX 6560 caused a mild decrease in liver fibrosis and inflammation and a significant increase in intrahepatic cyclic guanosine monophosphate. NCX 6560 induced a higher intrahepatic vasoprotective profile (activated endothelial nitric oxide synthase and decreased platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1), especially in the CCl4 model, suggesting a higher benefit in early cirrhosis. In conclusion, NCX 6560 improves the liver profile and portal hypertension of cirrhotic rats similarly to conventional statins, but with a much better safety profile.
Multiple quasicrystal approximants with the same lattice parameters in Al-Cr-Fe-Si alloys
Authors: He Zhanbing , Li Hua , Ma Haikun , Li Guowu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBy means of atomic-resolution high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, we found three types of giant approximants of decagonal quasicrystal in Al-Cr-Fe-Si alloys, where each type contains several structural variants possessing the same lattice parameters but different crystal structures. The projected structures of these approximants along the pseudo-tenfold direction were described using substructural blocks. Furthermore, the structural relationship and the plane crystallographic groups in the (a, c) plan of these structural variants was also discussed. The diversity of quasicrystal approximants with the same lattice parameters was shown to be closely related to the variety of shield-like tiles and their tiling patterns.
Optimization-based design of a heat flux concentrator
Authors: Peralta Ignacio , Fachinotti Víctor D. , Ciarbonetti Ángel A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTo gain control over the diffusive heat flux in a given domain, one needs to engineer a thermal metamaterial with a specific distribution of the generally anisotropic thermal conductivity throughout the domain. Until now, the appropriate conductivity distribution was usually determined using transformation thermodynamics. By this way, only a few particular cases of heat flux control in simple domains having simple boundary conditions were studied. Thermal metamaterials based on optimization algorithm provides superior properties compared to those using the previous methods. As a more general approach, we propose to define the heat control problem as an optimization problem where we minimize the error in guiding the heat flux in a given way, taking as design variables the parameters that define the variable microstructure of the metamaterial. In the present study we numerically demonstrate the ability to manipulate heat flux by designing a device to concentrate the thermal energy to its center without disturbing the temperature profile outside it.
Heterogeneous patterns of DNA methylation-based field effects in histologically normal prostate tissue from cancer patients
Authors: Møller Mia , Strand Siri Hundtofte , Mundbjerg Kamilla , Liang Gangning , Gill Inderbir , Haldrup Christa , Borre Michael , Høyer Søren , Ørntoft Torben Falck , Sørensen Karina Dalsgaard 
Published: January 2017

AbstractProstate cancer (PC) diagnosis is based on histological evaluation of prostate needle biopsies, which have high false negative rates. Here, we investigated if cancer-associated epigenetic field effects in histologically normal prostate tissue may be used to increase sensitivity for PC. We focused on nine genes (AOX1, CCDC181 (C1orf114), GABRE, GAS6, HAPLN3, KLF8, MOB3B, SLC18A2, and GSTP1) known to be hypermethylated in PC. Using quantitative methylation-specific PCR, we analysed 66 malignant and 134 non-malignant tissue samples from 107 patients, who underwent ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (67 patients had at least one cancer-positive biopsy, 40 had exclusively cancer-negative biopsies). Hypermethylation was detectable for all genes in malignant needle biopsy samples (AUC: 0.80 to 0.98), confirming previous findings in prostatectomy specimens. Furthermore, we identified a four-gene methylation signature (AOX1xGSTP1xHAPLN3xSLC18A2) that distinguished histologically non-malignant biopsies from patients with vs. without PC in other biopsies (AUC = 0.65; sensitivity = 30.8%; specificity = 100%). This signature was validated in an independent patient set (59 PC, 36 adjacent non-malignant, and 9 normal prostate tissue samples) analysed on Illumina 450 K methylation arrays (AUC = 0.70; sensitivity = 40.6%; specificity = 100%). Our results suggest that a novel four-gene signature may be used to increase sensitivity for PC diagnosis through detection of epigenetic field effects in histologically non-malignant prostate tissue samples.
Selective and Catalyst-free Oxidation of D-Glucose to D-Glucuronic acid induced by High-Frequency Ultrasound
Authors: Amaniampong Prince N. , Karam Ayman , Trinh Quang Thang , Xu Kai , Hirao Hajime , Jérôme François , Chatel Gregory 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis systematic experimental investigation reveals that high-frequency ultrasound irradiation (550 kHz) induced oxidation of D-glucose to glucuronic acid in excellent yield without assistance of any (bio)catalyst. Oxidation is induced thanks to the in situ production of radical species in water. Experiments show that the dissolved gases play an important role in governing the nature of generated radical species and thus the selectivity for glucuronic acid. Importantly, this process yields glucuronic acid instead of glucuronate salt typically obtained via conventional (bio)catalyst routes, which is of huge interest in respect of downstream processing. Investigations using disaccharides revealed that radicals generated by high frequency ultrasound were also capable of promoting tandem hydrolysis/oxidation reactions.
Single PA mutation as a high yield determinant of avian influenza vaccines
Authors: Lee Ilseob , Il Kim Jin , Park Sehee , Bae Joon-Yong , Yoo Kirim , Yun Soo-Hyeon , Lee Joo-Yeon , Kim Kisoon , Kang Chun , Park Man-Seong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHuman infection with an avian influenza virus persists. To prepare for a potential outbreak of avian influenza, we constructed a candidate vaccine virus (CVV) containing hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes of a H5N1 virus and evaluated its antigenic stability after serial passaging in embryonated chicken eggs. The passaged CVV harbored the four amino acid mutations (R136K in PB2; E31K in PA; A172T in HA; and R80Q in M2) without changing its antigenicity, compared with the parental CVV. Notably, the passaged CVV exhibited much greater replication property both in eggs and in Madin-Darby canine kidney and Vero cells. Of the four mutations, the PA E31K showed the greatest effect on the replication property of reverse genetically-rescued viruses. In a further luciferase reporter, mini-replicon assay, the PA mutation appeared to affect the replication property by increasing viral polymerase activity. When applied to different avian influenza CVVs (H7N9 and H9N2 subtypes), the PA E31K mutation resulted in the increases of viral replication in the Vero cell again. Taken all together, our results suggest the PA E31K mutation as a single, substantial growth determinant of avian influenza CVVs and for the establishment of a high-yield avian influenza vaccine backbone.