bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Perceived Urgency and Detection Time of Multi-Tone and Frequency-Modulated Warning Signals
Authors: Haas Ellen C. , Casali John G. 
Published: July 2017

The perceived urgency and detectability of auditory warning signals are important safety considerations. When designed correctly, auditory warning signals can improve performance and reduce accidents. However in some environments, there is a serious mismatch between the perceived (psychoacoustic) urgency of a warning and its situational urgency. In addition, many auditory warnings are not detectable within their environments. This research examined several prominent pulse parameters which affect the perceived urgency and detection time of auditory warning signals. These elements included pulse format (sequential, simultaneous, and sawtooth frequency-modulated pulses), pulse level (65 dBC and 79 dBC), and time between pulses (0 ms, 150 ms, and 300 ms). The environments of interest were those settings with steady-state broadband machinery noise. A loading task presented additional attentional demands during the signal detection task. Free-modulus magnitude estimation and the method of paired comparisons quantified perceived urgency. Simple reaction time measured signal detectability and signal effects were analyzed using a multivariate approach. Results indicated that detection time decreased as perceived urgency increased. The higher the pulse level, the greater the perceived urgency of the signal and shorter the detection time. Sequential signals were rated as less urgent than the other pulse formats, and subjects took longer to detect their occurrence. Under most conditions, there was no significant difference in the perceived urgency or detection time of simultaneous and frequency-modulated pulses. Time between pulses (inter-pulse interval) affected only perceived urgency, not detection time. The shorter the time between pulses, the greater the perceived urgency of the signal.
Design-Induced Error in Flight Planning
Authors: Smith Philip J. , McCoy Elaine , Layton Chuck 
Published: July 2017

There are many problem-solving tasks that are too complex to fully automate given the current state of technology. Nevertheless, significant improvements in overall system performance could result from the introduction of well-designed computer aids. A major concern in the introduction of such tools to support problem-solving, though, is the potential to introduce new errors due to the interaction of the person with these computer support tools. We have been studying the development of cognitive tools for one such problem-solving task, enroute flight path planning for commercial airlines. Our goal has been two-fold. First, we have been developing specific system designs to help with this important practical problem. Second, we have been using this context to explore general design concepts to guide in the development of cooperative problem-solving systems. These design concepts are described below, along with a discussion of two empirical studies.
The Measurement and Evaluation of Collective Unit Training and Performance
Authors: Christ Richard E. , Muckler Frederick A 
Published: July 2017

Recent reviews of team training and team performance have drawn at least one common conclusion: Much more research needs to be conducted on the process of and methods for measuring and evaluating teamwork. The current absence of reliable, valid, and robust measures of teamwork hinders not only the development of optimal collective training strategies, but also team-oriented research, human resource management efforts, and organizational and systems development programs. The objectives of this symposium are to (a) present an overview of some key theoretical and methodological issues which confront researchers and practitioners concerned with teamwork, and (b) introduce several innovative concepts, methods, and procedures which can aid in solving some of the problems associated with the measurement and evaluation of teamwork. These objectives will be met, in part, through presentations which describe and discuss (a) a conceptual framework for analyzing and interpreting measures of collective behavior, (b) the application of complexity theory-based measures to team and organizational performance, (c) a measure of teamwork based on the confidence team members have in their individual and collective capabilities, and (d) a system which supports the measurement and evaluation of unit collective performance in a simulation network environment. (The essence of these presentations are captured in the four papers which follow this abstract.) The discussant will provide his summary of the key issues addressed, as well as some that were not addresses. Finally, inputs and active participation of the audience will be solicited. The desired impact of this symposium is a heightened awareness and appreciation of the need for more research on teamwork measurement methods and procedures. The long-term goal of the symposium is to stimulate that research.
Maternal Body Mass Index during Pregnancy and Offspring Neurocognitive Development
Authors: Craig Wendy Y , Palomaki Glenn E , Neveux Louis M , Haddow James E 
Published: July 2017

Background: This hypothesis generating study explores second trimester maternal body mass index (BMI) during pregnancy and offspring neurocognitive development. Methods: Mothers and offspring served as controls in two earlier studies: 101 children at age two years and 118 children at age eight years. Results Frequency of maternal BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 increased from 10% in 1987-1990 to 30% in 2004-2006 ( P < 0.001); the socioeconomic gradient became more pronounced. At age two, one or more BSID-III (Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition) scores <85 were more frequent with higher maternal BMI ( P = 0.029); regression analysis suggested an inverse relationship between language scores and BMI ( P = 0.054). Among eight-year-olds, one or more WISC-III (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 3rd edition) scores <85 increased with maternal BMI ( P = 0.017); regression analysis showed an inverse relationship between performance subscale IQ score and BMI ( P = 0.023). Conclusion: Second trimester maternal obesity may be an independent risk factor for some aspects of children's neurocognitive development. Further study is indicated.
Return to Activity at Altitude After High-Altitude Illness
Authors: DeWeber Kevin , Scorza Keith 
Published: July 2017

Context: Sports and other activities at high altitude are popular, yet they pose the unique risk for high-altitude illness (HAI). Once those who have suffered from a HAI recover, they commonly desire or need to perform the same activity at altitude in the immediate or distant future. Evidence Acquisition: As based on key text references and peer-reviewed journal articles from a Medline search, this article reviews the pathophysiology and general treatment principles of HAI. Results: In addition to the type of HAI experienced and the current level of recovery, factors needing consideration in the return-to-play plan include physical activity requirements, flexibility of the activity schedule, and available medical equipment and facilities. Most important, adherence to prudent acclimatization protocols and gradual ascent recommendations (when above 3000 m, no more than 600-m net elevation gain per day, and 1 rest day every 1 to 2 ascent days) is powerful in its preventive value and thus strongly recommended. When these are not practical, prophylactic medications (acetazolamide, dexamethasone, salmeterol, nifedipine, or phosphodiesterase inhibitors, depending on the type of prior HAI) may be prescribed and can reduce the risk of illness. Athletes with HAI should be counseled that physical and mental performance may be adversely affected if activity at altitude continues before recovery is complete and that there is a risk of progression to a more serious HAI. Conclusion: With a thoughtful plan, most recurrent HAI in athletes can be prevented.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor Bioactivity, Stanniocalcin-2, Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A, and IGF-Binding Protein-4 in Pleural Fluid and Serum From Patients With Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Espelund Ulrick Skipper , Bjerre Mette , Hjortebjerg Rikke , Rasmussen Torben Riis , Lundby Anders , Hoeflich Andreas , Folkersen Birgitte Holst , Oxvig Claus , Frystyk Jan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Context
Members of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system are primarily produced in the liver and secreted into the circulation, but they are also produced, recruited, and activated locally in tissues.

Objective
To compare activity and concentrations of IGF system components in pleural fluid and blood.

Design
Pathological pleural fluid, secondary to lung cancer or nonmalignant disease, and matching blood samples were collected from 24 patients ages 66.7 to 81.9 years.

Methods
IGF-related proteins and cytokine levels were measured by immunoassays or immunoblotting. Bioactive IGF was measured by an IGF-1 receptor phosphorylation assay.

Results
Total IGF-1 concentration did not differ between the compartments, but concentrations of free IGF-1 and bioactive IGF were more than threefold higher in pleural fluid than in corresponding serum samples (P = 0.0004), regardless of etiology. Median pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels were increased 47-fold and 143-fold, respectively, in pleural fluid compared with plasma (P &lt; 0.0001). PAPP-A and IL-6 concentrations correlated positively (r = 0.46; P = 0.02). In pleural fluid, levels of PAPP-A–generated IGF binding protein-4 fragments correlated inversely with that of stanniocalcin-2 (r ≤ −0.42; P ≤ 0.05), a PAPP-A inhibitor; such correlations were absent in plasma.

Conclusion
Pathological pleural fluid is characterized by increased in vitro IGF bioactivity and elevated concentrations of PAPP-A, an IGF-activating proteinase. Thus, the tissue activity of the IGF system may differ substantially from that of the circulating IGF system. The correlation between IL-6 and PAPP-A indicates that inflammation plays a role in promoting local tissue IGF activity.
Foreign Machetes and Cheap Cotton Cloth: Popular Consumers and Imported Commodities in Nineteenth-Century Colombia
Authors: Otero-Cleves Ana María 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article examines the consumption of foreign machetes and, to a lesser extent, imported textiles by peasants, smallholders, and artisans in nineteenth-century Colombia to show that the popular sectors of society were the largest consumers of foreign goods and as such were able to change market conditions and make specific demands regarding the quality of imported products intended for their consumption. By so doing, the article questions the premise that because of their poverty Colombian popular classes were always drawn to buying cheaper imported goods and sacrificing quality for price. Thus, the article adds not only to the recent historiography of consumption in Latin America but also to the broad literature on nineteenth-century popular groups by inviting historians to start viewing peasants, artisans, and smallholders as active participants, both as citizens and as consumers, in a new political and economic reality.
Threats to Public Order and Health
Authors: Yılmaz Seçil 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLate Ottoman physicians used medical advice literature to impact syphilis transmission and treatment by cultivating men’s rather than women’s hygiene, self-care, and sexual practices. Soldiers and migrant workers were understood to be the main vectors of syphilis beginning in the mid-nineteenth century. Efforts to control the disease were complicated by a lack of effective treatment until the 1910s, inadequate investment in health care, disparate agendas at the provincial and imperial level, and resistance to treatment by men who feared loss of status and jobs. Transmission intensified during World War I. By the war’s end attempts to regulate and cultivate syphilitic men aligned with the loss of Ottoman control over territory and population and new anxieties concerned with establishing a new state built on “proper” healthy marital reproduction. Sources examined include regulations, medical advice literature, and encounters between syphilitic men and medical authorities captured in archival sources.
Molecular mechanisms of kinesin-14 motors in spindle assembly and chromosome segregation
Authors: She Zhen-Yu , Yang Wan-Xi 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
During eukaryote cell division, molecular motors are crucial regulators of microtubule organization, spindle assembly, chromosome segregation and intracellular transport. The kinesin-14 motors are evolutionarily conserved minus-end-directed kinesin motors that occur in diverse organisms from simple yeasts to higher eukaryotes. Members of the kinesin-14 motor family can bind to, crosslink or slide microtubules and, thus, regulate microtubule organization and spindle assembly. In this Commentary, we present the common subthemes that have emerged from studies of the molecular kinetics and mechanics of kinesin-14 motors, particularly with regard to their non-processive movement, their ability to crosslink microtubules and interact with the minus- and plus-ends of microtubules, and with microtubule-organizing center proteins. In particular, counteracting forces between minus-end-directed kinesin-14 and plus-end-directed kinesin-5 motors have recently been implicated in the regulation of microtubule nucleation. We also discuss recent progress in our current understanding of the multiple and fundamental functions that kinesin-14 motors family members have in important aspects of cell division, including the spindle pole, spindle organization and chromosome segregation.
The EuBIVAS Project: Within- and Between-Subject Biological Variation Data for Serum Creatinine Using Enzymatic and Alkaline Picrate Methods and Implications for Monitoring
Authors: Carobene Anna , Marino Irene , Coşkun Abdurrahman , Serteser Mustafa , Unsal Ibrahim , Guerra Elena , Bartlett William A , Sandberg Sverre , Aarsand Aasne Karine , Sylte Marit Sverresdotter , Røraas Thomas , Sølvik Una Ørvim , Fernandez-Calle Pilar , Díaz-Garzón Jorge , Tosato Francesca , Plebani Mario , Jonker Niels , Barla Gerhard , Ceriotti Ferruccio 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) European Biological Variation Study (EuBIVAS) has been established to deliver rigorously determined biological variation (BV) indices. EuBIVAS determined BV for serum creatinine using the enzymatic and alkaline picrate measurement methods.

METHOD
In total, 91 healthy individuals (38 males, 53 females; age range, 21–69 years) were bled for 10 consecutive weeks at 6 European laboratories. An equivalent protocol was followed at each center. Sera were stored at −80 °C before analysis. Analyses for each patient were performed in duplicate within a single run on an ADVIA 2400 system (San Raffaele Hospital, Milan). The data were subjected to outlier and homogeneity analysis before performing CV-ANOVA to determine BV and analytical variation (CVA) estimates with confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS
The within-subject BV estimates [CVI (95% CI)] were similar for enzymatic [4.4% (4.2–4.7)] and alkaline picrate [4.7% (4.4–4.9)] methods and lower than the estimate presently available online (CVI = 5.9%). No significant male/female BV differences were found. Significant differences were observed in mean creatinine values between men and women and between Turkish individuals and those of other nationalities. Between-subject BV (CVG) estimates, stratified accordingly, produced CVG values similar to historical BV data. CVA was 1.1% for the enzymatic and 4.4% for alkaline picrate methods, indicating that alkaline picrate methods fail to fulfill analytical performance specifications for imprecision (CVAPS).

CONCLUSIONS
The serum creatinine CVI obtained by EuBIVAS specifies a more stringent CVAPS than previously identified. The alkaline picrate method failed to meet this CVAPS, raising questions regarding its future use.
#exstrange: Curatorial Interventions on eBay
Authors: Ghidini Marialaura 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
#exstrange (2017) was an online curatorial project in which artworks were displayed and sold, auction-style, on eBay. For three months in 2017, the project presented one artwork-as-auction per day to interrogate the functioning of this e-commerce platform and the role of digital culture in everyday life. By focusing on the interactivity and global networking of the Internet, #exstrange sought to reconsider the relationship between exhibitions, artworks and audiences.
How to Curate ‘Badly’: Forked Temporality in Pablo Picasso’s Retrospective at the Galeries Georges Petit, 1932
Authors: Mikulinsky Alma 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Picasso curated his first large-scale retrospective, Exposition Picasso, which was held at the Galeries Georges Petit in Paris, in 1932. When asked how he arranged the works, Picasso replied, ‘Badly’. This article unravels the artist’s curation, beginning with his juxtaposition of a lowly houseplant with the sculpture Woman’s Head (1929–30). Using archival research, installation photographs, and the writings of Picasso’s contemporaries, this article offers an interpretation of the exhibition by analysing Picasso’s deliberately inconsistent curatorial strategies, which defied the chronological and teleological narratives often applied to his career and that tend to dominate the traditional history of modernism.
Articulating the In-Between: Changing Exhibition Practices in Early Postwar Rome
Authors: Mariani Manuela , Barron Patrick 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article focuses on the intersection of exhibitionary and architectural space in early postwar Rome. It examines the development of spatialized exhibition practices that choreograph as well as destabilize viewers’ movements across perceptual and physical boundaries between artworks, enclosing buildings, and the connective external city. The central question we address is how Rome’s built environment served as an integral background for increasingly liminal exhibitionary engagement from the mid-1950s to early 1960s at two key small galleries, L’Obelisco and La Salita, as well as at the Galleria Nazionale d’Arte Moderna.
Doing Things Together: Objectives and Effects of Harald Szeemann’s Happening & Fluxus, 1970
Authors: Holdar Magdalena 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Harald Szeemann’s exhibition Happening & Fluxus (Kölnischer Kunstverein 1970) was the first to bring Fluxus into an institutional art world context. Previously avoiding such situations, Fluxus had primarily grown through artist-based networking, collaboration and self-curation during the 1960s. The exhibition evoked conflict both before and after the opening but had surprisingly little impact on Fluxus’s aftermath. This article explores Szeemann’s art historical take on the works in Happening & Fluxus. It concludes that by reducing attention to Fluxus’s collaborative strategies and network structure, Szeemann overlooked the characteristics that are today acknowledged as the group’s most significant.
Persistent recall: War, feminist psychoanalysis and Tracey Moffatt’s Doomed
Authors: Grayson Saisha 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this article, I argue that Doomed (2007), a ten-minute montage of appropriated disaster footage by Australian artist Tracey Moffatt, offers a unique response to the War on Terror. I compare Moffatt’s piece to the traditional critical readings attributed to artistic deployment of found footage, and consider Doomed in relation to art historian Rosalyn Deutsche’s enquiry into what artists can offer in a time of war. Deutsche uses feminist psychoanalysis to champion Silvia Kolbowski’s video After Hiroshima Mon Amour (2008) as an attempt to destabilize the ‘us versus them’ thinking that perpetuates war. In contrast, I focus on how Moffatt turns to Hollywood-produced action scenes as a way to highlight societal and individual compulsions toward repetition and urges to displace internal anxieties and fears onto others. By appropriating disaster footage, Moffatt creates an opportunity for viewers to consider the repeating patterns of this filmic collective unconscious and the futility of our historic attempts to fully repress the drives it satisfies. Doomed suggests that, rather than finding a way out of binary thinking, video art can highlight the fallacy of cinematic catharsis as a way of ‘working through’ these issues. Acknowledging that we may never be able to rid ourselves of aggressive impulses or fear of the other, Moffatt’s video encourages societal self-reflection and renewed awareness that these psychic forces may be at work when next we find ourselves on the brink of war.
Soft power and South African film: Negotiating mutually incompatible agendas?
Authors: Cooke Paul 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article offers the first analysis of the role of film as a soft power asset in South Africa. It examines ways in which the policy priorities of the South African government have, until recently, seemed to work against the nation’s strategic aim to use film as a tool to leverage soft power in order to gain political influence across Africa, as well as to maximize the economic potential of globalization. The South African film economy is booming. Cape Town, in particular, has become a key production centre globally. International productions are attracted to the country by the versatility of its locations, its weather and its low cost, high quality, facilities. This has provided great employment opportunities for local production staff. However, it has done very little to support the development of local creative talent. Thus, unlike, for example, Nollywood, which supports the entire ‘value chain’ of production and which is allowing creative and technical expertise to develop in tandem, the success of the South African production infrastructure is to the detriment of South African filmmakers. In this article I investigate the extent to which the government’s economic imperative to develop the industry is working against its soft power aim to project South African stories both locally and internationally, and with it, the national ‘strategic narrative’, considered to be one of the country’s prime soft power assets. I then go on to suggest that the landscape would currently seem to be changing as a new generation of South African filmmakers is starting to gain ground.
Unemployment insurance with limited commitment wage contracts and savings
Authors: Oikonomou Rigas 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
I present a model of optimal contracts between firms and workers, under limited commitment and with worker savings. In the model, firms provide insurance against unemployment through targeting a frontloaded path of wages which encourages wealth accumulation. I provide analytical results characterising the wage and savings schedules and the path of consumption during employment and unemployment. I then consider how unemployment benefits affect risk sharing through private markets. I find that benefits should be frontloaded; the government has the incentive to drive the allocation to the point where the firm’s participation constraint binds. At this point wages are equal to productivity in every period, wealth exceeds the buffer stock level, and consumption and savings drop over time. The drop in the level of consumption during unemployment is mitigated. Finally, I compare the optimal contract model to the standard heterogeneous agent model whereby wealth is utilized for self-insurance purposes. I show that the two models are equivalent under the optimal UI policy.