bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing of the contributions of pod photosynthesis to carbon acquisition of seed in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
Authors: Zhang Wenxu , Mao Peisheng , Li Yuan , Wang Mingya , Xia Fangshan , Wang Hui 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe distribution of carbon from a branch setting pod in alfalfa was investigated during the seed development of seeds to determine the relative contribution of pod and leaf photoassimilates to the total C balance and to investigate the partitioning of these photoassimilates to other plant organs. A 13Clabeling procedure was used to label C photoassimilates of pods and leaves in alfalfa, and the Δ13C values of a pod, leaves, a section of stem and roots were measured during seed development on day 10, 15, 20 and 25 after labeling of the pod. The results showed that the alfalfa pod had photosynthetic capacity early in the development of seeds, and that pod photosynthesis could provide carbon to alfalfa organs including seeds, pods, leaves, stems and roots, in addition to leaf photosynthesis. Photosynthesis in the pod affected the total C balance of the alfalfa branch with the redistribution of a portion of pod assimilates to other plant organs. The assimilated 13C of the pod was used for the growth requirements of plant seeds and pods. The requirements for assimilated C came primarily from the young pod in early seed development, with later requirements provided primarily from the leaf.
Anti-site-induced diverse diluted magnetism in LiMgPdSb-type CoMnTiSi alloy
Authors: Lin T. T. , Dai X. F. , Guo R. K. , Cheng Z. X. , Wang L. Y. , Wang X. T. , Liu G. D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe effect of three kinds of anti-site disorder to electronic structure and magnetic properties of the LiMgPdSb-type CoMnTiSi alloy are investigated. It was found the Mn-Ti anti-site disorder can induce the diluted magnetism in CoMnTiSi matrix. The magnetic structure has an oscillation between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic states with the different degree of Mn-Ti anti-site disorder. Two novel characteristics: the diluted antiferromagnetic half-metallicity and the diluted zero-gap half-metallity are found in the different degree range of the Mn-Ti anti-site disorder. The Co-Mn and Co-Ti anti-site disorder have little effect on the magnetic properties. The width of energy gap and the intensity of DOS at the Fermi level can be adjusted by the degree of Co-Mn or Co-Ti anti-site disorder. The independent control to the carrier concentration and magnetization can be realized by introducing the different anti-site disorder.
Early-life stress impairs recognition memory and perturbs the functional maturation of prefrontal-hippocampal-perirhinal networks
Authors: Reincke Samuel A. J. , Hanganu-Opatz Ileana L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEarly life exposure to stressful situations impairs cognitive performance of adults and contributes to the etiology of several psychiatric disorders. Most of affected cognitive abilities rely on coupling by synchrony within complex neuronal networks, including prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HP), and perirhinal cortex (PRH). Yet it remains poorly understood how early life stress (ELS) induces dysfunction within these networks during the course of development. Here we used intermittent maternal separation during the first 2 postnatal weeks to mimic ELS and monitored the recognition memory and functional coupling within prefrontal-hippocampal-perirhinal circuits in juvenile rats. While maternally-separated female rats showed largely normal behavior, male rats experiencing this form of ELS had poorer location and recency recognition memory. Simultaneous multi-site extracellular recordings of network oscillations and neuronal spiking from PFC, HP, and PRHin vivorevealed corresponding decrease of oscillatory activity in theta and beta frequency bands in the PFC of male but not female rats experiencing maternal separation. This deficit was accompanied by weaker cross-frequency coupling within juvenile prefrontal-hippocampal networks. These results indicate that already at juvenile age ELS mimicked by maternal separation induces sex-specific deficits in recognition memory that might have as underlying mechanism a disturbed communication between PFC and HP.
Ultrasound-Mediated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transfection as a Targeted Cancer Therapy Platform
Authors: Haber Tom , Baruch Limor , Machluf Marcelle 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) hold tremendous potential as a targeted cell-based delivery platform for inflammatory and cancer therapy. Genetic manipulation of MSCs, however, is challenging, and therefore, most studies using MSCs as therapeutic cell carriers have utilized viral vectors to transduce the cells. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, an alternative approach for the efficient transfection of MSCs; therapeutic ultrasound (TUS). Using TUS with low intensities and moderate frequencies, MSCs were transfected with a pDNA encoding for PEX, a protein that inhibits tumor angiogenesis, and studied as a cell vehicle for in vivo tumor therapy. TUS application did not alter the MSCs’ stemness or their homing capabilities, and the transfected MSCs transcribed biologically active PEX. Additionally, in a mouse model, 70% inhibition of prostate tumor growth was achieved following a single I.V. administration of MSCs that were TUS-transfected with pPEX. Further, the repeated I.V. administration of TUS-pPEX transfected-MSCs enhanced tumor inhibition up to 84%. Altogether, these results provide a proof of concept that TUS-transfected MSCs can be effectively used as a cell-based delivery approach for the prospective treatment of cancer.
Improved Flexible Transparent Conductive Electrodes based on Silver Nanowire Networks by a Simple Sunlight Illumination Approach
Authors: Kou Pengfei , Yang Liu , Chang Cheng , He Sailing 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSilver nanowire (Ag NW) networks have attracted wide attention as transparent electrodes for emerging flexible optoelectronics. However, the sheet resistance is greatly limited by large wire-to-wire contact resistances. Here, we propose a simple sunlight illumination approach to remarkably improve their electrical conductivity without any significant degradation of the light transmittance. Because the power density is extremely low (0.1 W/cm2, 1-Sun), only slight welding between Ag NWs has been observed. Despite this, a sheet resistance of <20 Ω/sq and transmittance of ~87% at wavelength of 550 nm as well as excellent mechanical flexibility have still been achieved for Ag NW networks after sunlight illumination for 1 hour or longer, which are significant upgrades over those of ITO. Slight plasmonic welding together with the associated self-limiting effect has been investigated by numerical simulations and further verified experimentally through varied solar concentrations. Due to the reduced resistance, high-performance transparent film heaters as well as efficient defrosters have been demonstrated, which are superior to the previously-reported Ag NW based film heaters. Since the sunlight is environmentally friendly and easily available, sophisticated or expensive facilities are not necessary. Our findings are particularly meaningful and show enormous potential for outdoor applications.
Allometric scaling in-vitro
Authors: Ahluwalia Arti 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAbout two decades ago, West and coworkers established a model which predicts that metabolic rate follows a three quarter power relationship with the mass of an organism, based on the premise that tissues are supplied nutrients through a fractal distribution network. Quarter power scaling is widely considered a universal law of biology and it is generally accepted that were in-vitro cultures to obey allometric metabolic scaling, they would have more predictive potential and could, for instance, provide a viable substitute for animals in research. This paper outlines a theoretical and computational framework for establishing quarter power scaling in three-dimensional spherical constructs in-vitro, starting where fractal distribution ends. Allometric scaling in non-vascular spherical tissue constructs was assessed using models of Michaelis Menten oxygen consumption and diffusion. The models demonstrate that physiological scaling is maintained when about 5 to 60% of the construct is exposed to oxygen concentrations less than the Michaelis Menten constant, with a significant concentration gradient in the sphere. The results have important implications for the design of downscaled in-vitro systems with physiological relevance.
Enhanced delignification of steam-pretreated poplar by a bacterial laccase
Authors: Singh Rahul , Hu Jinguang , Regner Matthew R. , Round James W. , Ralph John , Saddler John N. , Eltis Lindsay D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe recalcitrance of woody biomass, particularly its lignin component, hinders its sustainable transformation to fuels and biomaterials. Although the recent discovery of several bacterial ligninases promises the development of novel biocatalysts, these enzymes have largely been characterized using model substrates: direct evidence for their action on biomass is lacking. Herein, we report the delignification of woody biomass by a small laccase (sLac) fromAmycolatopsis sp. 75iv3. Incubation of steam-pretreated poplar (SPP) with sLac enhanced the release of acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL) by ~6-fold, and reduced the amount of acid-soluble lignin by ~15%. NMR spectrometry revealed that the APPL was significantly syringyl-enriched relative to the original material (~16:1 vs. ~3:1), and that sLac preferentially oxidized syringyl units and altered interunit linkage distributions. sLac’s substrate preference among monoaryls was also consistent with this observation. In addition, sLac treatment reduced the molar mass of the APPL by over 50%, as determined by gel-permeation chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering. Finally, sLac acted synergistically with a commercial cellulase cocktail to increase glucose production from SPP ~8%. Overall, this study establishes the lignolytic activity of sLac on woody biomass and highlights the biocatalytic potential of bacterial enzymes.
A comparison of the uniaxial deformation of copper and nickel (1 1 19) surfaces: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Pukšič Nuša , Jenko Monika , Godec Matjaž , McGuiness Paul J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhile a lot is known about the deformation of metallic surfaces from experiments, elasticity theory and simulations, this investigation represents the first molecular-dynamics-based simulation of uniaxial deformation for the vicinal surfaces in a comparison of copper and nickel. These vicinal surfaces are composed of terraces divided by equidistant, mono-atomic steps. The periodicity of vicinals makes them good candidates for the study of the surface steps’ influences on surface dynamics. The simulations of tensile and compressive uniaxial deformations were performed for the (1 1 19) vicinal surfaces. Since the steps on the surfaces serve as stress concentrators, the first defects were expected to nucleate here. In the case of copper, this was found to be the case. In the case of nickel, however, dislocations nucleated beneath the near-surface layer affected by the displacement field generated by the steps. Slip was hindered at the surface step by the vortex in the displacement field. The differences in the deformation mechanisms for the Ni(1 1 19) and Cu(1 1 19) surfaces can be linked to the differences in their displacement fields. This could lead to novel bottom-up approaches to the nanostructuring of surfaces using strain.
Lithium intercalation mechanism into FeF3·0.5H2O as a highly stable composite cathode material
Authors: Ali Ghulam , Lee Ji–Hoon , Chang Wonyoung , Cho Byung-Won , Jung Hun-Gi , Nam Kyung-Wan , Chung Kyung Yoon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) requires investigation of high-performance electrode materials with the advantages of being environmentally friendly and cost-effective. In this study, a nanocomposite of open-pyrochlore-structured FeF3·0.5H2O and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is synthesized for use as a high-performance cathode in LIBs, where RGO provides high electrical conductivity to the composite material. The morphology of the composite shows that FeF3·0.5H2O spheres are embedded into RGO layers and high-resolution TEM image shows that those spheres are composed of primary nanoparticles with a size of ~5 nm. The cycling performance indicates that the composite electrode delivers an initial high discharge capacity of 223 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C, a rate capability up to a high C-rate of 10 C (47 mAh g−1) and stable cycle performance at 0.05 C (145 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles) and 0.2 C (93 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles) while maintaining high electrochemical reversibility. Furthermore, the responsible electrochemical reaction is investigated using in-situ XRD and synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and the XRD results show that FeF3·0.5H2O transitions to an amorphous-like phase through a lithiation process. However, a reversible oxidation change of Fe3+ ↔ Fe2+ is identified by the XAS results.
The MCP-4/MCP-1 ratio in plasma is a candidate circadian biomarker for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Dalgard C , Eidelman O , Jozwik C , Olsen C H , Srivastava M , Biswas R , Eudy Y , Rothwell S W , Mueller G P , Yuan P , Drevets W C , Manji H K , Vythlingam M , Charney D S , Neumeister A , Ursano R J , Jacobowitz D M , Pollard H B , Bonne O 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is psychiatric disease, which can occur following exposure to traumatic events. PTSD may be acute or chronic, and can have a waxing and waning course of symptoms. It has been hypothesized that proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or plasma might be mediators of the psychophysiological mechanisms relating a history of trauma exposure to changes in behavior and mental health disorders, and medical morbidity. Here we test the cytokine/chemokine hypothesis for PTSD by examining levels of 17 classical cytokines and chemokines in CSF, sampled at 0900 hours, and in plasma sampled hourly for 24 h. The PTSD and healthy control patients are from the NIMH Chronic PTSD and healthy control cohort, initially described by Bonneet al.(2011), in which the PTSD patients have relatively low comorbidity for major depressive disorder (MDD), drug or alcohol use. We find that in plasma, but not CSF, the bivariate MCP4 (CCL13)/ MCP1(CCL2) ratio is ca. twofold elevated in PTSD patients compared with healthy controls. The MCP-4/MCP-1 ratio is invariant over circadian time, and is independent of gender, body mass index or the age at which the trauma was suffered. By contrast, MIP-1β is a candidate biomarker for PTSD only in females, whereas TARC is a candidate biomarker for PTSD only in males. It remains to be discovered whether these disease-specific differences in circadian expression for these specific immune signaling molecules are biomarkers, surrogates, or drivers for PTSD, or whether any of these analytes could contribute to therapy.
All the King’s men and all the King’s women: reading Vishal Bhardwaj’s Maqbool as a “creative mistranslation” of Shakespeare’s Macbeth
Authors: Mondal Subarna 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article attempts to read how Shakespeare’s Macbeth lives in twenty-first century India in the form of Vishal Bhardwaj’s Maqbool. The article takes the recurrent tempests of religiously generated animosity in the Indian subcontinent as a textual field within which Macbeth, under the garb of Maqbool, resides. The centre/margin construct that forms the core of Maqbool provides us with an opportunity to ponder over our own historical moment, a moment fraught with interminable violence and hatred inspired by the politics of difference. Bhardwaj provides us with the possibility, in both Maqbool (based on Macbeth) and Haider (based on Hamlet), that Shakespeare could be directly related to the saga of relentless religious violence that plagues some South Asian countries to date. Vishal Bhardwaj’s Maqbool reimagines Shakespeare’s Macbeth as a struggle for power within the hierarchy of organized crime in Mumbai. The film, however, may also be seen as a glimpse into a fiercely patriarchal Islamic set-up by an equally fierce Hindu gaze. This tale of Shakespeare in a twenty-first century setting creates a sense of all-consuming foreboding whereby the polarization of Hindus and Muslims becomes more than a power game: it becomes symptomatic of Indian society where wily politicians and shrewd policemen, render a state’s law machinery into a den of horrific violence. This article attempts to show that beneath the overt narrative difference between the play and the film lurks a similar political reading of both the texts. The film opens with the illusion of “other” as the “center”. But gradually with numerous instances of illegitimacy like the mock-family structure, the half-caste protagonist, the illicit relationships, and above all, the entire space of the film peopled predominantly by the Muslims made illegitimate by consigning it to the mafia world, we realize that the “other”, initially projected as the “center” here is not merely castigated, but defeated, defeated not from without, but from within. This article is published as part of a collection to commemorate the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeare’s death.
Unprofessional translation
Authors: Harris Brian 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper will discuss the pros and cons of publication in blog format compared with publication through conventional academic channels. The web blog Unprofessional Translation was started in 2009 as a reaction against the way “mainstream” translation studies and bilingualism studies had continually ignored the important aspects of translation that it focuses on. The declared primary topics of the blog are Natural Translation, Native Translation and Language Brokering. As of 31 July 2012, the blog contained approximately 140,000 words in 234 posts accompanied by illustrations and by 268 comments from readers, of whom 124 were formally registered “Members.” It addresses a non-expert readership, with the explicit aim of convincing them that translating is a quasi-universal human capability and activity which is not confined to trained or highly experienced experts. There are numerous posts for each of the blog topics. However, the blog template displays the posts chronologically, and, as a result, it requires considerable work with the Search function to follow any of the threads coherently. Therefore, this paper brings together a selection of the material thematically.
Dialoguing across differences
Authors: Orellana Marjorie Faulstich 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the research that has been done on language brokering over the last three decades. It identifies the kinds of questions that have been asked and the framings that have driven the work, raising questions about why these and not other directions were pursued. Using this overview of the field, it suggests what is missing and what other kinds of questions could be asked. It also considers how each locus of investigation could be built upon and connected to others, in order to expand and deepen our understanding of the practice and its effects, and suggests what is needed for the next generation of research on this multidimensional topic.
Issues of terminology in public service interpreting
Authors: Pöllabauer Sonja 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This chapter focuses on interpreter-mediated institutional encounters and specialist language. Based on Niska’s (1998a; 1998b) and Valero-Garcés’(2005) taxonomies of strategies for translating specialist terminology, the author analyses instances of specialist language in a corpus of recordings of institutional encounters, and discusses which strategies are used by the interpreters to render specialist terms. The data were collected between 2007 and 2009 as part of an interdisciplinary project called “Community Interpreting and Communication Quality in Social Service and Healthcare Institutions.”
Language-related disaster relief in Haiti
Authors: Rogl Regina 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
After Haiti was hit by a devastating earthquake in January 2010, the disaster relief community saw the unprecedented response of thousands of spontaneous helpers – among them many multilinguals. Translators and interpreters were urgently needed to help establish communication within the disaster relief community, to assist in coordinating crisis intervention and above all, to provide urgent language services for those affected. Because of the chaotic situation in the aftermath of the earthquake, volunteers were able to mobilize only by massive use of social media and Internet technologies. This paper investigates the efforts of volunteer translators/interpreters to meet the needs of multilingual communication of the international disaster relief community. It explores how language volunteers mobilised and organised in spontaneous networks, what type of (translation) projects they launched and engaged in, which language technologies they used or helped to develop and which challenges they met during their work.
Language brokering
Authors: Bauer Elaine 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Language brokering is a common phenomenon among children of migrants, whereby the child mediates between a parent and a different language speaker. This paper uses data from a UK study to explore the retrospective childhood experiences of adults who grew up interpreting and translating for their parents. It examines the ways in which children perform as agents during language brokering, converting meanings in one language into meanings in another in order to achieve particular goals. The paper analyses ways in which adults report that they exercised this form of agency in childhood, and how they feel this influenced their adult identities.
Arab government budgets: selected indicators
Authors: El-Khoury Gabi 
Published: February 2017

This statistical file is concerned with Arab government budgets as it assumes that the sharp drop in oil prices coupled with ongoing regional conflicts have caused significant deficits in the budgets of most Arab countries, especially Arab oil-exporting countries, where governments had to implement a wide range of fiscal reforms aiming at rationalizing public spending and enhancing public revenues. On the other hand, lower oil prices have eased pressures on public finance in Arab oil-importing countries, especially in light of the rising cost of energy subsidies. Yet, many of these countries had also to proceed with structural reforms to reduce fuel subsidies and control the budget.
Tables 1 and 2 provide statements on government revenues and grants, including estimates of government revenues as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), while Tables 3–5 show hydrocarbon and tax revenues, including estimates of these revenues as a percentage of total public revenues.
Tables 6 and 7 provide statements on government expenditures, including estimates of government expenditures as a percentage of GDP, while Tables 8 and 9 deal with the structure of expenditures, showing estimates of current and capital expenditures along with figures on the functional classification of current expenditures.
Overall surplus/deficit figures for Arab government budgets along with projections of the general government fiscal balance are shown in Table 10.