bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
WIC mothers' depressive symptoms are associated with greater use of feeding to soothe, regardless of perceived child negativity
Authors: Savage Jennifer S. , Birch Leann L. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackgroundMaternal symptoms of depression are related to suboptimal parenting practices and child well‐being; women with elevated symptoms tend to be less responsive to their children.ObjectiveThe objective is to explore how maternal depressive symptomatology is related to childhood obesity‐promoting parenting behaviours, and whether depressive symptomatology moderates the association between perceived child negativity and the use of food to soothe among low‐income mothers.MethodsThere is a cross‐sectional sample of 60 mothers and their formula fed infants/toddlers participating in the Special Supplemental Woman, Infants and Children Program. Measures included the Infant Behaviors Questionnaire, Baby's Basic Needs Questionnaire, the feeding problem assessment form and Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.ResultsDepressive symptoms exceeded the clinical screening cut‐off for 38% of women. Mothers with depressive symptoms perceived their child to be more negative and were more likely to use food to soothe, add cereal to the bottle and put baby to bed with bottle than mothers without depressive symptoms. Generalized linear models revealed that child negativity was associated with greater use of food to soothe but that this effect was moderated by maternal depression: negativity was positively associated with food to soothe among non‐depressed but not depressed mothers.ConclusionsA high proportion of low‐income mothers reported elevated depressive symptoms; depressive symptomatology was positively associated with perceived child negativity and greater reported use of controlling feeding practices. Screening for maternal depressive symptoms may help in providing more individually tailored counselling on responsive feeding.
Better Dread (if Still Dead) than Red: High‐Brown Passing in John Hearne's Voices Under The Window
Authors: Mills Charles W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn his pioneering Caliban's Reason: Introducing Afro‐Caribbean Philosophy, Paget Henry points out that because of the region's colonial history, Caribbean philosophy is far more often found ‘embedded’ in other discourses, such as literature, than in explicit theorising. Following Henry's lead, I seek to find the philosophical ‘moral of the story’ of Voices Under the Window, the 1955 first novel of the late Jamaican writer John Hearne (1926–94), which some critics regard as his best work. In a novel with significant autobiographical elements, Hearne, a ‘high‐brown’ or ‘red’ Jamaican, recounts the story of Mark Lattimer, likewise a ‘red man’ positioned at the upper edge of the ‘brown’ stratum of the white/brown/black Jamaican social pyramid. Lattimer moves from a race‐denying attempt to ‘pass’ in World War II Britain to a Marxist social activism upon his later return to post‐war Jamaica, but is killed in a black protest riot. His tragic fate raises important philosophical questions about race, colour, class, and personal and social transformation that remain very relevant today, especially considering the failure of 1970s Anglo‐Caribbean radicalism to fulfil its revolutionary promise.
Market Reaction to Seasoned Offerings in China
Authors: Liu Jia , Akbar Saeed , Shah Syed Zulfiqar Ali , Zhang Dayong , Pang Dong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study examines stock market reaction to the announcement of various forms of seasoned issues in China. Our empirical evidence demonstrates that market reactions differ in ways that suggest a difference between management's internal assessment and the market's assessment of the stock price. The market responds unfavourably to the announcement, notably in the case of rights issues and also with regard to open offers. Private placements experience an unfavourable pre‐announcement reaction, which contrasts with the favourable reaction after the event. Convertible bond issues generate positive excess returns consistent with the market's confidence that they can help to align management and shareholders’ interests. Further investigation shows that market reaction is related to factors specific to the issuer and issue by reference to the period immediately surrounding the issue. Specifically, ownership concentration, agency matters connected with equity offerings, investor protection connected with fund allocation and security pricing, and the influence of powerful moneyed interests together provide an instructive insight into market reaction. Institutional inefficiency pertaining to underwriting, auditing, analysts’ forecasts and credit ratings are found to have a weak association with market price, consistent with due public scepticism concerning management and their gatekeepers.
ɑ‐Synuclein strains and the variable pathologies of synucleinopathies
Authors: Peelaerts Wouter , Baekelandt Veerle 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSeveral decades ago, a mysterious transmissible agent was found responsible for a group of progressive and lethal encephalopathies affecting the nervous system of both animals and humans. This infectious agent showed a strain‐encoded manner of inheritance even though it lacked nucleic acids. The identification of infectious proteins resolved this apparent conundrum. Misfolded infectious protein particles, or prions, were found to exist as conformational isomers with a unique fingerprint that can be faithfully passaged to next generations. Protein‐based strain‐encoded inheritance is characterized by strain‐specific infectivity and symptomatology. It is found in diverse organisms, such as yeast, fungi, and mammals. Now, this concept is revisited to examine the pathological role of amyloid proteins involved in neurodegenerative diseases where it might underlie certain types of dementia and motor‐related neurodegenerative disorders. Given the discovery of the SNCA gene and the identification of its gene product, ɑ‐synuclein (ɑ‐SYN), as the main histopathological component of Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy, the scientific community was left puzzled by the fact that a single protein appeared to be involved in different diseases with diverging clinical phenotypes. Recent studies are now indicating that ɑ‐SYN may act in a way similar to prions and that ɑ‐SYN misfolded structural variants may behave as strains with distinct biochemical and functional properties inducing specific phenotypic traits, which might finally provide an explanation for the clinical heterogeneity observed between Parkinson's disease, MSA, and dementia with Lewy bodies patients. These crucial new findings may pave the way for unexplored therapeutic avenues and identification of new potential biomarkers.
imageParkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies share ɑ‐synuclein deposits as a common histopathological hallmark. New and ongoing developments are now showing that variations in the aggregation process and the formation of ɑ‐synuclein strains may be paralleled by the development of distinct synucleinopathies. Here, we review the recent developments and the role of strains in synucleinopathies.This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.
Misspecified Recovery
Authors: BOROVIČKA JAROSLAV , HANSEN LARS PETER , SCHEINKMAN JOSÉ A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTAsset prices contain information about the probability distribution of future states and the stochastic discounting of those states as used by investors. To better understand the challenge in distinguishing investors' beliefs from risk‐adjusted discounting, we use Perron–Frobenius Theory to isolate a positive martingale component of the stochastic discount factor process. This component recovers a probability measure that absorbs long‐term risk adjustments. When the martingale is not degenerate, surmising that this recovered probability captures investors' beliefs distorts inference about risk‐return tradeoffs. Stochastic discount factors in many structural models of asset prices have empirically relevant martingale components.
Effects of early experience with low‐quality roughage on feed intake, digestibility and metabolism in lambs
Authors: Xu W. , Taki Y. , Iwasawa A. , Yayota M. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe objective of this study was to compare the feed intake, digestibility and metabolism in lambs fed low‐quality roughage with those of lambs fed normal roughage from an early stage of their life. The study consisted of two treatments [low‐quality roughage group (LR) and control group (C)] over three time periods (P1, P2 and P3; 2 months each). Four lambs (4 months old) were allocated to each treatment. In P1 and P2, LR was fed sudangrass hay (CP: 5.1% DM; NDF: 70.4% DM), whereas C was fed timothy hay (CP: 8.4% DM; NDF: 60.3% DM). In P3, all lambs were fed sudangrass hay. Although the feed intake was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in C in P1, there were no differences between the groups in P2. The digestibility, serum glucose (GLU), urea nitrogen (SUN) and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) did not differ between the groups in P1 and P2. The average nitrogen retention, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were significantly higher in C (p < 0.05) during P1 and P2. No interaction was observed between the treatment and periods. In P3, the feed intake was greater in C (p < 0.05), whereas digestibility and nitrogen retention tended to be greater in LR. The body weight did not differ between the treatments. T4 and T3 were numerically lower in LR, while the SUN was greater in LR (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the early experience with low‐quality roughage may have improved feed digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in lambs after 4 months of rearing. Furthermore, the experienced lambs became more efficient at utilizing the low‐quality roughage. The lower thyroid hormone concentrations observed in LR suggest an adaptive change occurred in experienced lambs that to a lower basal metabolic rate.
Hepatic biotransformation pathways and ruminal metabolic stability of the novel anthelmintic monepantel in sheep and cattle
Authors: Ballent M. , Virkel G. , Maté L. , Viviani P. , Lanusse C. , Lifschitz A. 
Published: February 2016

Monepantel (MNP) is a new amino‐acetonitrile derivative anthelmintic drug used for the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes in sheep. The present work investigated the main enzymatic pathways involved in the hepatic biotransformation of MNP in sheep and cattle. The metabolic stability in ruminal fluid of both the parent drug and its main metabolite (monepantel sulphone, MNPSO2) was characterized as well. Additionally, the relative distribution of both anthelmintic molecules between the fluid and particulate phases of the ruminal content was studied. Liver microsomal fractions from six (6) rams and five (5) steers were incubated with a 40 μm of MNP. Heat pretreatment (50 °C for 2 min) of liver microsomes was performed for inactivation of the flavin‐monooxygenase (FMO) system. Additionally, MNP was incubated in the presence of 4, 40, and 80 μm of methimazole (MTZ), a FMO inhibitor, or equimolar concentrations of piperonyl butoxide (PBx), a well‐known general cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibitor. In both ruminant species, MNPSO2 was the main metabolite detected after MNP incubation with liver microsomes. The conversion rate of MNP into MNPSO2 was fivefold higher (P < 0.05) in sheep (0.15 ± 0.08 nmol/min·mg) compared to cattle. In sheep, the relative involvement of both FMO and CYP systems (FMO/CYP) was 36/64. Virtually, only the CYP system appeared to be involved in the production of MNPSO2 in cattle liver. Methimazole significantly reduced (41 to 79%) the rate of MNPSO2 production in sheep liver microsomes whereas it did not inhibit MNP oxidation in cattle liver microsomes. On the other hand, PBx inhibited the production of MNPSO2 in liver microsomes of both sheep (58 to 98%, in a dose‐dependent manner) and cattle (almost 100%, independently of the PBx concentration added). The incubation of MNP and MNPSO2 with ruminal contents of both species showed a high chemical stability without evident metabolism and/or degradation as well as an extensive degree of adsorption (83% to 90%) to the solid phase of the ruminal content. Overall, these results are a further contribution to the understanding of the metabolic fate of this anthelmintic drug in ruminants.
Association between maternal vitamin E status and alpha‐tocopherol levels in the newborn and colostrum
Authors: da Silva Ribeiro Karla Danielly , Lima Mayara Santa Rosa , Medeiros Jeane Franco Pires , de Sousa Rebouças Amanda , Dantas Raquel Costa Silva , Bezerra Danielle Soares , Osório Mônica Maria , Dimenstein Roberto 
Published: February 2016

AbstractVitamin E is important because of its antioxidant activity in situations of oxidative stress, especially postnatally. Hence, the objective was to verify whether maternal alpha‐tocopherol level is associated with the alpha‐tocopherol levels of the newborn and colostrum. This is a cross‐sectional study of 58 women and their term newborns from a public hospital. Blood and colostrum were collected to measure alpha‐tocopherol levels by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Mothers with serum alpha‐tocopherol levels <16.2 mmol L−1 and newborns <11.6 mmol L−1 were indicative of deficiency or low levels. Mothers were divided into two groups: <16.2 mmol L−1 and those with levels ≥16.2 mmol L−1. The mean (95% confidence interval) serum alpha‐tocopherol levels of mothers, umbilical cords and colostrum were 28 (24–32), 6 (5–8) and 39 mmol L−1 (32–45), respectively (P < 0.001); 19% of the women and 90% of the newborns had low alpha‐tocopherol levels. Maternal alpha‐tocopherol level was associated with that of the umbilical cord. Newborns from mothers at risk of deficiency had low alpha‐tocopherol levels (P < 0.001). Colostrum levels of vitamin E were not influenced by maternal serum. Maternal deficiency influenced the vitamin E level of the umbilical cord but does not in the colostrum, evidencing distinct transfer mechanisms via the mammary gland.
Genomic characterization of sex‐identification markers inSebastes carnatusandSebastes chrysomelasrockfishes
Authors: Fowler Benjamin L. S. , Buonaccorsi Vincent P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFish have evolved a variety of sex‐determining (SD) systems including male heterogamy (XY), female heterogamy (ZW) and environmental SD. Little is known about SD mechanisms ofSebastesrockfishes, a highly speciose genus of importance to evolutionary and conservation biology. Here, we characterize the sex determination system in the sympatrically distributed sister speciesSebastes chrysomelasandSebastes carnatus. To identify sex‐specific genotypic markers, double digest restriction site – associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD‐seq) of genomic DNA from 40 sexed individuals of both species was performed. Loci were filtered for presence in all of the individuals of one sex, absence in the other sex and no heterozygosity. Of the 74 965 loci present in all males, 33 male‐specific loci met the criteria in at least one species and 17 in both. Conversely, no female‐specific loci were detected, together providing evidence of an XY sex determination system in both species. When aligned to a draft reference genome fromSebastes aleutianus, 26 sex‐specific loci were interspersed among 1168 loci that were identical between sexes. The nascent Y chromosome averaged 5% divergence from the X chromosome and mapped to referenceSebastesgenome scaffolds totalling 6.9Mbp in length. These scaffolds aligned to a single chromosome in three model fish genomes. Read coverage differences were also detected between sex‐specific and autosomal loci. A PCR‐RFLP assay validated the bioinformatic results and correctly identified sex of five additional individuals of known sex. A sex‐determining gene in other teleostsgonadal soma‐derived factor(gsdf) was present in the model fish chromosomes that spanned our sex‐specific markers.
Signal transduction and regulation of IbpreproHypSys in sweet potato
Authors: Li Yu‐Chi , Wan Wei‐Lin , Lin Jeng‐Shane , Kuo Yun‐Wei , King Yu‐Chi , Chen Yu‐Chi , Jeng Shih‐Tong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHydroxyproline‐rich glycopeptides (HypSys) are small signalling peptides containing 18–20 amino acids. The expression of IbpreproHypSys, encoding the precursor of IbHypSys, was induced in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas cv. Tainung 57) through wounding and IbHypSys treatments by using jasmonate and H2O2. Transgenic sweet potatoes overexpressing (OE) and silencing [RNA interference (RNAi)] IbpreproHypSys were created. The expression of the wound‐inducible gene for ipomoelin (IPO) in the local and systemic leaves of OE plants was stronger than the expression in wild‐type (WT) and RNAi plants after wounding. Furthermore, grafting experiments indicated that IPO expression was considerably higher in WT stocks receiving wounding signals from OE than from RNAi scions. However, wounding WT scions highly induced IPO expression in OE stocks. These results indicated that IbpreproHypSys expression contributed towards sending and receiving the systemic signals that induced IPO expression. Analysing the genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway demonstrated that lignin biosynthesis was activated after synthetic IbHypSys treatment. IbpreproHypSys expression in sweet potato suppressed Spodoptera litura growth. In conclusion, wounding induced the expression of IbpreproHypSys, whose protein product was processed into IbHypSys. IbHypSys stimulated IbpreproHypSys and IPO expression and enhanced lignin biosynthesis, thus protecting plants from insects.
Two Models for Public Health Nursing Clinical Education
Authors: Williams Jessica R. , Halstead Valerie , Mitchell Emma McKim 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of two baccalaureate public health nursing (PHN) clinical education models, that vary on level of engagement with community agencies, on student perceptions of PHN.Design and SampleTwo group, pretest/posttest design. Two cohorts of baccalaureate nursing students (traditional n = 62, accelerated n = 64) were included. The traditional students worked with one agency over an 8‐week period. The accelerated students worked with several agencies over the same period. Eighty‐seven students provided complete data at both time points, and were included in analyses.MeasuresStudents answered questions at the beginning and end of the Spring 2014 semester to assess knowledge, confidence, satisfaction, and career intention related to PHN.ResultsAt baseline, traditional students reported significantly higher confidence working independently and less intention to choose PHN as a career. Both cohorts reported a significant increase in knowledge and independence from pretest to posttest. At posttest, the accelerated group showed a significant decline in likelihood of choosing a PHN career.ConclusionsIn developing PHN clinical curriculum, careful consideration should be given to the level of engagement with the community and faculty. Future work should continue exploring different PHN clinical education models to ensure students are effectively prepared in this area of nursing.
Psychophysiological responses to auditory change
Authors: Chuen Lorraine , Sears David , McAdams Stephen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA comprehensive characterization of autonomic and somatic responding within the auditory domain is currently lacking. We studied whether simple types of auditory change that occur frequently during music listening could elicit measurable changes in heart rate, skin conductance, respiration rate, and facial motor activity. Participants heard a rhythmically isochronous sequence consisting of a repeated standard tone, followed by a repeated target tone that changed in pitch, timbre, duration, intensity, or tempo, or that deviated momentarily from rhythmic isochrony. Changes in all parameters produced increases in heart rate. Skin conductance response magnitude was affected by changes in timbre, intensity, and tempo. Respiratory rate was sensitive to deviations from isochrony. Our findings suggest that music researchers interpreting physiological responses as emotional indices should consider acoustic factors that may influence physiology in the absence of induced emotions.
Influence of treadmill training on bone structure under osteometabolic alteration in rats subjected to high‐fat diet
Authors: Macedo A. P. , Shimano R. C. , Ferrari D. T. , Issa J. P. M. , Jordão A. A. , Shimano A. C. 
Published: February 2016

Nutrition and physical training have important roles in the accumulation and maintenance of bone mass. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in ovariectomized rats (OVX), the effects of treadmill training (T) with high‐fat diet (F) on weight gain and bone tissue properties with eight groups (n = 10) for 12 weeks: OVX SC (OVX, sedentary lifestyle, diet control); OVX SF; OVX TC; OVX TF; SH SC (SHAM, sedentary lifestyle, diet control); SH SF; SH TC; and SH TF. Weekly weight gain and final body composition were assessed. After euthanasia, tibiae were analyzed. The trained animals had higher body weight (P = 0.001), bone mineral density (P < 0.001), and trabecular bone (P < 0.001). The animals with a high‐fat diet showed higher global fat (P < 0.001), percentage of global fat (P < 0.001) and deformation at impact (P = 0.031) and reduced tibial bone mineral content (P = 0.036). Physical training improves bone microarchitecture, without presenting an increase in impact resistance, and a high‐fat diet increases body fat and impairs bone mineralization.
Effects of perturbation or plyometric training on core control and knee joint loading in women during lateral movements
Authors: Weltin E. , Gollhofer A. , Mornieux G. 
Published: February 2016

Deficits in trunk control are argued to increase the risk of knee injuries. However, no existing training program effectively addresses trunk control during lateral movements, such as cutting maneuvers. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a combination of perturbation and plyometric training (PPT) would reduce trunk excursions against the new movement direction and reduce knee joint moments during lateral movements. Twenty‐four active women participated in a RCT, where trunk and pelvis kinematics and knee joint moments were measured during lateral reactive jumps (LRJ) and unanticipated cutting maneuvers before and after a 4‐week PPT program and compared to a control group. During LRJ, trunk rotation away from the new movement direction was reduced (P < 0.001), while pelvis rotation toward the new direction was increased (P = 0.006) after PPT. Moreover, decreased knee extension moments (P = 0.028) and knee internal rotation moments (P < 0.001) were reported after both trainings. Additionally, PPT reduced trunk rotation by 7.2° during unanticipated cuttings. A 4‐week PPT improved core control by reducing trunk rotation and reduced knee joint moments during LRJ. During training, perturbations should be introduced to improve core control during dynamic athletic movements, possibly reducing the risk of ACL injuries.