bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ugo Sauro: Highlights of some human adventures in a karst environment: the case of the Monti Lessini (Venetian Prealps, Italy)
Authors: Sauro Ugo 
Published: January 2018

The Monti Lessini, a mountain group located north of the town of Verona, has been the scene of many different human adventures, some of them related to the local karst environment and features. In particular, during the Late Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the Modern Age, interesting undertakings linked with natural monuments and peculiarities of the karst environment, have involved famous people, cultural leaders of the time, as well as local inhabitants. Amongst celebrities there are hints that: 1) during the XIV century Dante Alighieri visited some karst cavities in the mountains, 2) during the XV century the famous painter Andrea Mantegna painted an image of the Ponte di Veja, a natural bridge, in the Camera degli Sposi of the Ducal Palace of Mantua. Of contemporary cultural leaders: 1) in the XVI century the pharmacist, Francesco Calceolari, created one of the first Wunderkammer in the world in Verona, an exhibition of curious objects collected in the mountains, 2) in 1739 the local priest, Gregorio Piccoli, began a description of paleontological cave fillings, proposed an interesting and in some respects modern interpretation of the geological history of the mountains. The local inhabitants of the mountain have been able not only to solve some of the environmental problems caused by the scarcity of surface water, but also to exploit some of the unusual resources such as ice trapped in caves. They also developed a system of producing ice and of storing it in cylindrical warehouses inspired by the local karst shafts. They understood aspects of the functioning of the karst geosystem, including underground karst hydrology and the dynamics of the epikarstic zone. Thus, here in the Lessini existence of the epikarst was understood by simple people long before the modern researchers. Key Words: Man and karst, understanding of the karst environment, exploitation of natural resources, Monti Lessini, Venetian Prealps, Italy.
Modernisation of the Hymenoptera: ants, bees, wasps, and sawflies of the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands of western North America
Authors: Archibald S. B. , Rasnitsyn Alexandr P. , Brothers Denis J. , Mathewes Rolf W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMost major modern families of Hymenoptera were established in the Mesozoic, but the diversifications within ecologically key trophic guilds and lineages that significantly influence the character of modern terrestrial ecosystems – bees (Apiformes), ants (Formicidae), social Vespidae, parasitoids (Ichneumonidae), and phytophagous Tenthredinoidea – were previously known to occur mostly in the middle to late Eocene. We find these changes earlier, seen here in the early Eocene Okanagan Highlands fossil deposits of western North America. Some of these may have occurred even earlier, but have been obscured by taphonomic processes. We provide an overview of the Okanagan Highlands Hymenoptera to family level and in some cases below that, with a minimum of 25 named families and at least 30 when those tentatively assigned or distinct at family level, but not named are included. Some are poorly known as fossils (Trigonalidae, Siricidae, Peradeniidae, Monomachidae), and some represent the oldest confirmed occurrences (Trigonalidae, Pompilidae, Sphecidaesensu stricto, Peradeniidae, Monomachidae, and possibly Halictidae). Some taxa previously thought to be relictual or extinct by the end of the Cretaceous (Angarosphecidae, Archaeoscoliinae, some Diapriidae) are present and sometimes abundant in the early Eocene. Living relatives of some taxa are now present in different climate regimes or on different continents.
Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Mediate Inflammation Resolution in Humans and Mice with Autoimmune Uveoretinitis
Authors: Jeong Hyun Jeong , Lee Hyun Ju , Ko Jung Hwa , Cho Bum-Joo , Park Se Yeon , Park Jong Woo , Choi Se Rang , Heo Jang Won , Yoon Sun-ok , Oh Joo Youn 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Resolution of inflammation is an active process that leads to tissue homeostasis and involves multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have recently emerged as important cellular components in the resolution of inflammation because of their activities to suppress T cell activation. In this article, we show that HLA-DR−CD11b+CD33+CD14+ human MDSCs and CD11b+Ly6G−Ly6C+ mouse MDSCs markedly increased in patients and mice during and before the resolution phase of autoimmune uveoretinitis. CD11b+Ly6C+ monocytes isolated from autoimmune uveoretinitis mice were able to suppress T cell proliferation in culture, and adoptive transfer of the cells accelerated the remission of autoimmune uveoretinitis in mice. Alternatively, depletion of CD11b+Ly6C+ monocytes at the resolution phase, but not CD11b+Ly6G+ granulocytes, exacerbated the disease. These findings collectively indicate that monocytic MDSCs serve as regulatory cells mediating the resolution of autoimmune uveoretinitis.
Critical Interactions between Immunogenic Cancer Cell Death, Oncolytic Viruses, and the Immune System Define the Rational Design of Combination Immunotherapies
Authors: van Vloten Jacob P. , Workenhe Samuel T. , Wootton Sarah K. , Mossman Karen L. , Bridle Byram W. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are multimodal cancer therapeutics, with one of their dominant mechanisms being in situ vaccination. There is a growing consensus that optimal cancer therapies should generate robust tumor-specific immune responses. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a paradigm of cellular demise culminating in the spatiotemporal release of danger-associated molecular patterns that induce potent anticancer immunity. Alongside traditional ICD inducers like anthracycline chemotherapeutics and radiation, OVs have emerged as novel members of this class of therapeutics. OVs replicate in cancers and release tumor Ags, which are perceived as dangerous because of simultaneous expression of pathogen-associated molecular patterns that activate APCs. Therefore, OVs provide the target Ags and danger signals required to induce adaptive immune responses. This review discusses why OVs are attractive candidates for generating ICD, biological barriers limiting their success in the clinic, and groundbreaking strategies to potentiate ICD and antitumor immunity with rationally designed OV-based combination therapies.
Dendritic Cell–Based Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Santos Patricia M. , Butterfield Lisa H. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are specialized immune cells that play a critical role in promoting an immune response against Ags, which can include foreign pathogenic Ags and self-tumor Ags. DC are capable of boosting a memory T cell response but most importantly they are effective initiators of naive T cell responses. Many years of studies have focused on the use of DC vaccines against cancer to initiate and shape an antitumor-specific immune response and/or boost existing spontaneous antitumor T cell responses. In this study we give a brief overview of DC biology, function, and cellular subsets, and review the current status of the field of DC as cancer vaccines.
Unlocking the Complexities of Tumor-Associated Regulatory T Cells
Authors: Chao Jaime L. , Savage Peter A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are found at elevated densities in many human cancers and are thought to be a major barrier to the generation of robust antitumor T cell responses. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of tumor-associated Treg cell diversity and function. Emerging evidence indicates that the transcriptional program of Treg cells infiltrating human cancers may represent a composite program blending a tissue-associated expression signature with an additional tumor-specific signature common to Treg cells from multiple cancer types. Studies in mouse models have defined unique molecular pathways required for Treg cell function in the tumor context that can be manipulated to selectively dampen intratumoral Treg cell activity. Finally, an expanding body of work has revealed diverse functions for Treg cells in nonlymphoid tissues that are unrelated to immune suppression, suggesting a need to explore functions of intratumoral Treg cells beyond the regulation of antitumor immunity.
Immune Cell Infiltration and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures as Determinants of Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Engelhard Victor H. , Rodriguez Anthony B. , Mauldin Ileana S. , Woods Amber N. , Peske J. David , Slingluff Craig L. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Limited representation of intratumoral immune cells is a major barrier to tumor control. However, simply enhancing immune responses in tumor-draining lymph nodes or through adoptive transfer may not overcome the limited ability of tumor vasculature to support effector infiltration. An alternative is to promote a sustained immune response intratumorally. This idea has gained traction with the observation that many tumors are associated with tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), which organizationally resemble lymph nodes. These peri- and intratumoral structures are usually, but not always, associated with positive prognoses in patients. Preclinical and clinical data support a role for TLS in modulating immunity in the tumor microenvironment. However, there appear to be varied functions of TLS, potentially based on their structure or location in relation to the tumor or the origin or location of the tumor itself. Understanding more about TLS development, composition, and function may offer new therapeutic opportunities to modulate antitumor immunity.
Hitting the Target: How T Cells Detect and Eliminate Tumors
Authors: Zamora Anthony E. , Crawford Jeremy Chase , Thomas Paul G. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The successes of antitumor immuno-based therapies and the application of next-generation sequencing to mutation profiling have produced insights into the specific targets of antitumor T cells. Mutated proteins have tremendous potential as targets for interventions using autologous T cells or engineered cell therapies and may serve as important correlates of efficacy for immunoregulatory interventions including immune checkpoint blockade. As mutated self, tumors present an exceptional case for host immunity, which has primarily evolved in response to foreign pathogens. Tumor Ags’ resemblance to self may limit immune recognition, but key features appear to be the same between antipathogen and antitumor responses. Determining which targets will make efficacious Ags and which responses might be elicited therapeutically are key questions for the field. Here we discuss current knowledge on antitumor specificity, the mutations that provide immunogenic targets, and how cross-reactivity and immunodominance may contribute to variation in immune responses among tumor types.
Futuros climáticos en disputa
Authors: Ramos Torre Ramón 
Published: January 2018

Las disputas sobre el Cambio Climático (CC) son disputas sobre el futuro.
En este trabajo se diferencian distintos discursos sobre el CC a los que corresponden distintas maneras de imaginar el futuro. Esas diferencias responden a maneras alternativas de concebir las dimensiones formales y práctico-cognitivas de los horizontes de futuro. Dada la relevancia de las luchas sociales sobre el CC y el enfrentamiento de distintos imaginarios de futuro, se concluye que, lejos del diagnóstico de la presentificación, nos encontramos en una coyuntura en la que prima una futurización en disputa.
The Prevalence of Exoenzyme S Gene in Multidrug-Sensitive and Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Strains
Authors: BOGIEL TOMASZ , DEPTUŁA ALEKSANDER , KWIECIŃSKA-PIRÓG JOANNA , PRAŻYŃSKA MAŁGORZATA , MIKUCKA AGNIESZKA , GOSPODAREK-KOMKOWSKA EUGENIA 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa rods are one of the most commonly isolated microorganisms from clinical specimens, usually responsible for nosocomial infections. Antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa strains may present reduced expression of virulence factors. This fact may be caused by appropriate genome management to adapt to changing conditions of the hospital environment. Virulence factors genes may be replaced by those crucial to survive, like antimicrobial resistance genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using PCR, the occurrence of exoenzyme S-coding gene (exoS) in two distinct groups of P. aeruginosa strains: 83 multidrug-sensitive (MDS) and 65 multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. ExoS gene was noted in 72 (48.7%) of the examined strains: 44 (53.0%) MDS and 28 (43.1%) MDR. The observed differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.1505). P. aeruginosa strains virulence is rather determined by the expression regulation of the possessed genes than the difference in genes frequency amongst strains with different antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.
Educar a la ciudadanía global en una perspectiva intercultural
Authors: Fiorucci Massimiliano 
Published: January 2018

Diferentes situaciones sociohistóricas han producido y seguirán produciendo desplazamientos de personas de unos territorios a otros. El sistema educativo está llamado a implicarse y a trazar posibles vías de actuación en una sociedad cada vez más plural y compleja, porque estos cambios, que ponen en tela de juicio los sistemas educativos y formativos establecidos en Europa, hacen que la sociedad dependa mucho más que antes de personas desconocidas que jamás se han visto entre sí y que deben afrontar cuestiones de carácter mundial (medioambientales, económicas, políticas y religiosas), que no podrán solucionarse por separado.En este ensayo se trata de aportar elementos contextualizadores indispensables en cualquier intento de abordar el cambio educativo. Las instituciones deben proporcionar nuevos conocimientos a los estudiantes sobre grupos minoritarios, sobre sus luchas, conquistas o su contribución a la cultura nacional, pero también de conocimientos referentes a otros países y sus poblaciones. Este conocimiento por sí solo no garantiza un comportamiento correcto, pero es requisito previo para superar estereotipos y prejuicios. Para comprender mejor la cuestión se proponen ejemplos referidos a Italia: su secular composición multicultural, la reducción de las humanidades y artes en favor de habilidades técnicas y conocimientos prácticos y científicos, y se analizan propuestas concretas de relevantes autores para una acción educativa intercultural. Se contrapone la educación orientada a la ganancia versus la educación hacia una ciudadanía más inclusiva, hacia la democracia teniendo en cuenta, además, que no es algo que atañe solo a la escuela, sino a toda la sociedad en sus distintos niveles: la integración social tiene que ver también con las políticas de integración que un país está dispuesto a poner en marcha. Se concluye que la educación intercultural no es una nueva disciplina a añadir, sino una perspectiva diferente con la que ver los conocimientos que se enseñan actualmente.
Variations in Progression and Regression of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix on Cytology Testing Among Women of Different Races
Authors: Martingano Daniel , Renson Audrey , Martingano Alison Jane , Martingano Francis X. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Although not incorporated into current cervical cancer screening guidelines, racial differences are known to persist in both occurrence of and outcomes related to cervical cancer.

Objective
To compare the differences in progression and regression of precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix on cervical cytologic analysis among women of different races who adhered to cervical cancer screening recommendations and follow-up.

Methods
Retrospective cohort study comparing differences in precancerous lesion diagnoses for patients receiving adequate evaluation according to the American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology guidelines. The authors fit Markov multistate models to estimate self-reported race-specific expected wait times and hazard ratios for each possible regression and progression and compared a race model with an intercept-only model using a likelihood ratio test.

Results
The sample included 5472 women receiving a Papanicolaou test between January 2006 and September 2016, contributing a total of 24,316 person-years of follow-up. Of 21 hazard ratios tested for significance, the following 4 hazard ratios (95% CIs) were statistically significant: atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) progression to low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) for Hispanic patients (0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.96); LSIL regression to ASC-US for Hispanic patients (1.55; 95% CI, 1.04-2.31), LSIL regression to ASC-US for Asian patients (1.91; 95% CI, 1.08-3.36), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion regression to LSIL for black patients (0.39; 95% CI, 0.16-0.96). There is an observed trend that all racial groups other than white had a slower rate of progression from ASC-US to LSIL, with Hispanics having demonstrated the slowest rate from ASC-US to LSIL. Hispanics also demonstrated the fastest rate from LSIL to HSIL when compared with all other race categories. In regressions, blacks had the slowest rate of regression from HSIL to LSIL, and Asians had the fastest rate from LSIL to ASC-US. The Hispanic group demonstrated the fastest expected progression (17.6 years; 95% CI, 11.5-25.5), as well as the fastest regression (27.6 years; 95% CI, 21.5-35.6), and the black group has the slowest expected times for both progression (28.1 years; 95% CI, 14.6-47.2) and regression (49 years; 95% CI, 29.1-86.2). The number of visits (1 vs ≥2) in the study was differentially distributed both by race (P=.033) and by last diagnosis (P<.001).

Conclusion
Variations in precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix are not uniform across races.
Toxic Injury to the Gastrointestinal Tract After Ipilimumab Therapy for Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Shepard Benjamin , Trower Carrie , Hendrickson Scott 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Ipilimumab, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4–blocking antibody, is known to precipitate tissue-specific immune-related adverse events. The second most common site for immune-related adverse events is the gastrointestinal tract, with toxic injury resulting in diarrhea, colitis, and enterocolitis. In the present case, a woman who received ipilimumab 2 weeks prior was found to have severe, diffuse corticosteroid-refractory gastrointestinal tract toxic injury affecting the stomach, small bowel, and colon.
Resounding failure to replicate links between developmental language disorder and cerebral lateralisation
Authors: Wilson Alexander C. , Bishop Dorothy V.M. 
Published: January 2018

Background
It has been suggested that failure to establish cerebral lateralisation may be related to developmental language disorder (DLD). There has been weak support for any link with handedness, but more consistent reports of associations with functional brain lateralisation for language. The consistency of lateralisation across different functions may also be important. We aimed to replicate previous findings of an association between DLD and reduced laterality on a quantitative measure of hand preference (reaching across the midline) and on language laterality assessed using functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD).

Methods
From a sample of twin children aged from 6;0 to 11;11 years, we identified 107 cases of DLD and 156 typically-developing comparison cases for whom we had useable data from fTCD yielding a laterality index (LI) for language function during an animation description task. Handedness data were also available for these children.

Results
Indices of handedness and language laterality for this twin sample were similar to those previously reported for single-born children. There were no differences between the DLD and TD groups on measures of handedness or language lateralisation, or on a categorical measure of consistency of left hemisphere dominance. Contrary to prediction, there was a greater incidence of right lateralisation for language in the TD group (19.90%) than the DLD group (9.30%), confirming that atypical laterality is not inconsistent with typical language development. We also failed to replicate associations between language laterality and language test scores.

Discussion and Conclusions
Given the large sample studied here and the range of measures, we suggest that previous reports of atypical manual or language lateralisation in DLD may have been false positives.
A new species ofCretalamna sensu stricto(Lamniformes, Otodontidae) from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian-Campanian) of Alabama, USA
Authors: Ebersole Jun A. , Ehret Dana J. 
Published: January 2018

Decades of collecting from exposures of the Upper Cretaceous Tombigbee Sand Member of the Eutaw Formation and Mooreville Chalk in Alabama, USA has produced large numbers of isolatedCretalamna(sensu stricto) teeth. Many of these teeth had formerly been assigned to the extinct Late Cretaceous sharkCretalamna appendiculata(Agassiz, 1843), a taxon that is now considered largely restricted to the Turonian of Europe. Recent studies have shed light on the diversity of Late CretaceousCretalamna(s.s.) taxa, and here we recognize a new species from Alabama,Cretalamna bryanti. The teeth ofC. bryantisp. nov. appear aligned with the members of theCretalamna borealisspecies group, but can be distinguished from these other species by a combination of the following: anterior teeth with a more pronounced and triangular lingual root protuberance, broader triangular cusp, and a taller root relative to the height of the crown; anteriorly situated lateroposterior teeth have a distally inclined or hooked main cusp and more than one pair of lateral cusplets; and lateroposterior teeth have a strong distally hooked main cusp and a root that is largely symmetrical in basal view. At present,C. bryantisp. nov. is stratigraphically confined to the Santonian/CampanianDicarinella asymetricaSigal, 1952 andGlobotruncanita elevataBrotzen, 1934 Planktonic Foraminiferal Zones within the Tombigbee Sand Member of the Eutaw Formation and Mooreville Chalk, and teeth have been collected from only four counties in central and western Alabama. The recognition ofC. bryantisp. nov. in Alabama adds to our knowledge on the diversity and distribution of Late Cretaceous otodontids in the region.
Computerised Tracking Training for Coordination in Children with Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Case Series
Authors: Chiu Hsiu-Ching , Ada Louise , Chen Chin-Min , Lee Hsin-Min 
Published: January 2018

Objective: To examine whether elbow coordination training can improve elbow coordination in cerebral palsy and whether any benefit carries over to upper limb activity.Methods: A case series A–B–C multiple baseline study was carried out. Two weeks of no intervention (A) was followed by 2 weeks of computerised tracking (B), which was followed by 2 weeks of no intervention (C). Six children (age range 7–12 years) with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (Level I–III of the Manual Ability Classification System) participated. Coordination training consisted of 10 × 1-min trials of computerised tracking each session for 10 sessions over a 2-week period. Coordination was measured as tracking performance using a different target from the training target. Upper limb activity was measured using the 9-Hole Peg Test. Data were analysed using the 2-SD band method.Results: None of the participants appeared to improve tracking performance or 9-Hole Peg Test (9HPT) scores (p > 0.05) after the 2 weeks of intervention. On withdrawal of the intervention, visual analysis showed that tracking performance and 9HPT scores remained at the same level as the intervention phase.Conclusions: Ten minutes of computerised elbow tracking daily for 10 sessions did not improve coordination in six children with cerebral palsy.