bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subauroral polarization stream on the outer boundary of the ring current during an energetic ion injection event
Authors: Yuan Zhigang , Qiao Zheng , Li Haimeng , Huang Shiyong , Wang Dedong , Yu Xiongdong , Yu Tao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSubauroral polarization stream (SAPS) electric field can play an important role in the coupling between the inner magnetosphere and ionosphere; however, the production mechanism of SAPS has not been yet solved. During an energetic ion injection event on 26 March 2004, at latitudes lower than the equatorward boundaries of precipitating plasma sheet electrons and ions, the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F13 satellite simultaneously observed a strong SAPS with the peak velocity of 1294 m/s and downward flowing field‐aligned currents (FACs). Conjugate observations of DMSP F13 and NOAA 15 satellites have shown that FACs flowing into the ionosphere just lie in the outer boundary of the ring current (RC). The downward flowing FACs were observed in a region of positive latitudinal gradients of the ion energy density, implying that the downward flowing FACs are more likely linked to the azimuthal gradient than the radial gradient of the RC ion pressure. Our result demonstrates that RC ion pressure gradients on the outer boundary of the RC in the evening sector during energetic ion injection events can lead to downward flowing FACs so as to cause strong SAPS in condition of low ionospheric conductivities.
Determination of dust aerosol particle size at Gale Crater using REMS UVS and Mastcam measurements
Authors: Vicente‐Retortillo Álvaro , Martínez Germán M. , Renno Nilton O. , Lemmon Mark T. , de la Torre‐Juárez Manuel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe calculate the seasonal and interannual variation in dust aerosol particle size above Gale Crater during the first 1413 Martian solar days (sols = 24.6 h) of the Mars Science Laboratory mission. Measurements of UV radiation made by the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station in combination with atmospheric opacities retrieved from the Mastcam instrument are used for the calculations. Our results indicate that the dust effective radius varies significantly with season, ranging from ~0.6 μm during the low opacity season (Ls = 60°–140°) to ~2 μm during the high opacity season (Ls = 180°–360°). Our results suggest that Gale Crater is affected by dust events of high aerosol content originated at various distances from it. Our results improve the accuracy of estimations of ultraviolet radiation fluxes at the Martian surface. Moreover, our results have important implications because the lifetime of suspended dust and its ability to nucleate clouds are affected by particle size.
Global warming and ocean stratification: A potential result of large extraterrestrial impacts
Authors: Joshi Manoj , von Glasow Roland , Smith Robin S. , Paxton Charles G. M. , Maycock Amanda C. , Lunt Daniel J. , Loptson Claire , Markwick Paul 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe prevailing paradigm for the climatic effects of large asteroid or comet impacts is a reduction in sunlight and significant short‐term cooling caused by atmospheric aerosol loading. Here we show, using global climate model experiments, that the large increases in stratospheric water vapor that can occur upon impact with the ocean cause radiative forcings of over +20 W m−2 in the case of 10 km sized bolides. The result of such a positive forcing is rapid climatic warming, increased upper ocean stratification, and potentially disruption of upper ocean ecosystems. Since two thirds of the world's surface is ocean, we suggest that some bolide impacts may actually warm climate overall. For impacts producing both stratospheric water vapor and aerosol loading, radiative forcing by water vapor can reduce or even cancel out aerosol‐induced cooling, potentially causing 1–2 decades of increased temperatures in both the upper ocean and on the land surface. Such a response, which depends on the ratio of aerosol to water vapor radiative forcing, is distinct from many previous scenarios for the climatic effects of large bolide impacts, which mostly account for cooling from aerosol loading. Finally, we discuss how water vapor forcing from bolide impacts may have contributed to two well‐known phenomena: extinction across the Cretaceous/Paleogene boundary and the deglaciation of the Neoproterozoic snowball Earth.
Prompt GPS TEC response to magnetospheric compression
Authors: Hao Yongqiang , Huang Jianping , Liu Wenlong , Zhang Donghe , Xiao Zuo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA new type of total electron content (TEC) variation was observed when an interplanetary shock impacted on the Earth's magnetosphere on 17 March 2015. With hundreds of ground‐based Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, instantaneous TEC impulses were detected in the signals from four GPS satellites cruising in the dayside equatorial magnetosphere. Despite the small amplitude (0.3 TECU), the impulses were synchronously registered by receivers spreading from low to middle latitudes on the ground; they lasted for several minutes, during which period the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) kept northward. The TEC impulses therefore discriminate themselves from usual traveling ionospheric disturbances and exclude possible effects from the southward IMF‐driven magnetic storm. We suggest that the TEC variation is caused by shock‐induced magnetospheric compression, which moves plasma earthward in the dayside plasmasphere. As a result, some plasma outside of GPS orbit (4.2 RE) is moved to the inside and contributes to the plasma content traversed by GPS raypath. The GPS TEC technique thus exhibits an unprecedented capability to capture small tremor of the magnetosphere, and with the dense receiver network on the ground it can be a feasible tool for remote sensing of the plasma dynamics around 4.2 RE.
27 August 2001 substorm: Preonset phenomena, two main onsets, field‐aligned current systems, and plasma flow channels in the ionosphere and in the magnetosphere
Authors: Mishin V. M. , Mishin V. V. , Lunyushkin S. B. , Wang J. Y. , Moiseev A. V. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe supplement the results of the 27 August 2001 substorm studied earlier in the series of papers. Described is the plasma flow in the nightside ionosphere from the near‐polar region from the polar cap to the auroral oval during the substorm preonset phase and two expansion onsets, EO1 and EO2, produced by reconnection in the closed tail (magnetic reconnection (MR1) and in the open tail lobes (MR2), respectively. We discuss the location of the MR2 region (is it near, middle, and/or distant tail?) and the EO2 trigger mechanism. The upward substorm current wedge field‐aligned current (FAC) and the downward FAC in the polar cap dusk sector that were both produced by different types of magnetosphere‐ionosphere feedback instability are found to provide the main contribution to the system of FACs during EO1 and EO2. Also, we obtain the estimates for the EO1 and EO2 power and energy. Addressed are the variations in the tail lobe magnetic flux and their (variations) association with EO2. In addition, we describe a 3‐D system of mesoscale cells, each of which involves a plasma vortex and a local FAC maximum. The cells of this system in the inner magnetosphere and in the tail lobes intensify one after other within 2 min interval. At last, we substantiate the assumption that the fast plasma flow recorded by the Cluster satellites 7 min prior to EO1 was a bursty bulk flow from the most distant tail.
Evaluation of the truebeam machine performance check (MPC): mechanical and collimation checks
Authors: Barnes Michael P , Greer Peter B 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMachine performance check (MPC) is an automated and integrated image‐based tool for verification of beam and geometric performance of the TrueBeam linac. The aims of the study were to evaluate the performance of the MPC geometric tests relevant to beam collimation (MLC and jaws) and mechanical systems (gantry and collimator). Evaluation was performed by comparing MPC to QA tests performed routinely in the department over a 4‐month period. The MPC MLC tests were compared to an in‐house analysis of the Picket Fence test. The jaw positions were compared against an in‐house EPID‐based method, against the traditional light field and graph paper technique and against the Daily QA3 device. The MPC collimator and gantry were compared against spirit level and the collimator further compared to Picket Fence analysis. In all cases, the results from the routine QA procedure were presented in a form directly comparable to MPC to allow a like‐to‐like comparison. The sensitivity of MPC was also tested by deliberately miscalibrating the appropriate linac parameter. The MPC MLC was found to agree with Picket Fence to within 0.3 mm and the MPC jaw check agreed with in‐house EPID measurements within 0.2 mm. All MPC parameters were found to be accurately sensitive to deliberately introduced calibration errors. For the tests evaluated, MPC appears to be suitable as a daily QA check device.
The effects of temperatures and volumetric expansion on the diffusion of fluids through solid polymers
Authors: Fan Yiming , Gomez Antonio , Ferraro Serena , Pinto Brian , Muliana Anastasia , La Saponara Valeria 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThis study examines moisture sorption behaviors of two glassy polymers, epoxy and vinylester, immersed in different fluids at two temperatures below the glass transition temperatures of the polymers. The main purpose of this study is to understand the effect of volume‐dependent temperatures and deformations on the diffusion process of solid polymers. Diffusivity coefficients are first determined by assuming the diffusion to follow the classical Fickian diffusion. In some cases, moisture sorption led to quite significant changes of volume, and the diffusion process cannot be well described by the Fickian diffusion. In such situation, the coupled deformation–diffusion model for linear elastic isotropic materials presented by Gurtin is adopted, as a first approximation. This coupled deformation‐diffusion model reduces to a Fickian diffusion model when the coupling parameters are absent and the volume changes in the solid polymers during diffusion are negligible. A finite difference method is used in order to solve for the coupled deformation‐diffusion model. The model is used to predict the one‐dimensional moisture diffusion in thin plates and the multiaxial three‐dimensional moisture diffusion in dogbone specimens. The multiaxial diffusion in the dogbone specimens is used to validate the calibrated material parameters from the standard thin plate diffusion characterization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45151.
Basic‐education mexican teachers' knowledge of biotechnology and attitudes about the consumption of genetically modified foods*
Authors: Jiménez‐Salas Zacarías , Campos‐Góngora Eduardo , González‐Martínez Blanca E. , Tijerina‐Sáenz Alexandra , Escamilla‐Méndez Angélica D. , Ramírez‐López Erik 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOver the past few years, a new research field has emerged, focusing on the social‐scientific criteria for the study of opinions toward genetically modified foods (GMFs), since these may be limiting factors for the success or failure of these products. Basic education is the first step in the Mexican education system, and teachers may wield an outsized influence on the attitudes and preferences of children, prospective future consumers of these products. To better understand the current state of knowledge of biotechnology issues and opinions toward the consumption of GMF of Mexican teachers, a questionnaire was distributed, and 362 Mexican teachers of basic education responded. The survey included questions about the benefits and risks of consuming GMF. The mean percentage of teachers expressing knowledge of a given topic in biotechnology was 50%. More than 60% of teachers believed that GMFs would be useful in preventing world hunger, while 39.2% considered GMF to be hazards for future generations. Although 47.0% reported not having enough knowledge about these topics, almost all (90.3%) respondents expressed an interest and willingness to learn about biotechnology. In light of the fact that teachers of basic education represent the first and potentially most lasting stage in the education of young children, this survey establishes the urgent need to develop strategies to improve the scientific knowledge of teachers and to facilitate decision making and the promotion of scientific and technological advances for their students. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(5):396–402, 2017.
A survey on faculty perspectives on the transition to a biochemistry course‐based undergraduate research experience laboratory
Authors: Craig Paul A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIt will always remain a goal of an undergraduate biochemistry laboratory course to engage students hands‐on in a wide range of biochemistry laboratory experiences. In 2006, our research group initiated a project for in silico prediction of enzyme function based only on the 3D coordinates of the more than 3800 proteins “of unknown function” in the Protein Data Bank, many of which resulted from the Protein Structure Initiative. Students have used the ProMOL plugin to the PyMOL molecular graphics environment along with BLAST, Pfam, and Dali to predict protein functions. As young scientists, these undergraduate research students wanted to see if their predictions were correct and so they developed an approach for in vitro testing of predicted enzyme function that included literature exploration, selection of a suitable assay and the search for commercially available substrates. Over the past two years, a team of faculty members from seven different campuses (California Polytechnic San Luis Obispo, Hope College, Oral Roberts University, Rochester Institute of Technology, St. Mary's University, Ursinus College, and Purdue University) have transferred this approach to the undergraduate biochemistry teaching laboratory as a Course‐based Undergraduate Research Experience. A series of ten course modules and eight instructional videos have been created (www.promol.org/home/basil-modules-1) and the group is now expanding these resources, creating assessments and evaluating how this approach helps student to grow as scientists. The focus of this manuscript will be the logistical implications of this transition on campuses that have different cultures, expectations, schedules, and student populations. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(5):426–436, 2017.
Innovation Capacity and the Implementation of Eco‐innovation: Toward a Contingency Perspective
Authors: Tsai Kuen‐Hung , Liao Yi‐Chuan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study develops a framework by drawing on the perspectives of contingency theory to investigate how innovation capacity affects eco‐innovation. The examination covers four moderators, including customer requirement, export destination, environmental regulation and government subsidy, and focuses on the types of eco‐innovation concerning pollution and waste. A sample of 2964 manufacturing firms from the Taiwanese Technological Innovation Survey is utilized to test the hypotheses. A moderated hierarchical logit method is adopted to analyze the data. The results overall suggest that the effect of innovation capacity on eco‐innovation depends on the levels of the four moderators. Specifically, the results show that innovation capacity has different effects on eco‐innovation when customers have a demand for eco‐innovation, export markets have high environmental awareness, future environmental regulations are expected, and the government provides a subsidy for environmental innovation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Sustainable Development, Sustainability Leadership and Firm Valuation: Differences across Europe
Authors: Miralles‐Quiros Maria del Mar , Miralles‐Quiros Jose Luis , Arraiano Irene Guia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSustainable development is nowadays a high priority for firms all over the world. Consequently, numerous firms have increased their social responsibility initiatives, reinforcing the credibility and trust of their stakeholders. However, prior research about the relevance of sustainability leadership for the European investment community is scarce. In this context, the aim of this study is to examine whether sustainability leadership – proxied by membership of the Dow Jones Sustainability Index Europe – is value relevant for investors on the 10 major European stock markets over the 2001–2013 period. Our overall results reveal that there exist significant differences across markets. These findings are relevant especially for investors, but also for the managers of listed firms, market regulators and policymakers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Gastric foreign body: a comb
Authors: Chang Wen‐Jung , Chiu Wen‐Yi 
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical MessageThe ingestion of a foreign body is a common occurrence. Psychiatric patients and prisoners may swallow objects on purpose. Occasionally emergent exploratory laparotomy may be indicated if the diagnosis is uncertain, and emergent removal of the foreign body may be needed to prevent substantial risk of serious complications including perforation, fistula, or gastrointestinal bleeding.
Association between aggressive care and bereaved families’ evaluation of end‐of‐life care for veterans with non‐small cell lung cancer who died in Veterans Affairs facilities
Authors: Ersek Mary , Miller Susan C. , Wagner Todd H. , Thorpe Joshua M. , Smith Dawn , Levy Cari R. , Gidwani Risha , Faricy‐Anderson Katherine , Lorenz Karl A. , Kinosian Bruce , Mor Vincent 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDTo the authors’ knowledge, little is known regarding the relationship between patients’ and families’ satisfaction with aggressive end‐of‐life care. Herein, the authors examined the associations between episodes of aggressive care (ie, chemotherapy, mechanical ventilation, acute hospitalizations, and intensive care unit admissions) within the last 30 days of life and families’ evaluations of end‐of‐life care among patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODSA total of 847 patients with NSCLC (34% of whom were aged <65 years) who died in a nursing home or intensive care, acute care, or hospice/palliative care (HPC) unit at 1 of 128 Veterans Affairs Medical Centers between 2010 and 2012 were examined. Data sources included Veterans Affairs administrative and clinical data, Medicare claims, and the Bereaved Family Survey. The response rate for the Bereaved Family Survey was 62%.RESULTSGreater than 72% of veterans with advanced lung cancer who died in an inpatient setting had at least 1 episode of aggressive care and 31% received chemotherapy within the last 30 days of life. For all units except for HPC, when patients experienced at least 1 episode of aggressive care, bereaved families rated care lower compared with when patients did not receive any aggressive care. For patients dying in an HPC unit, the associations between overall ratings of care and ≥2 inpatient admissions or any episode of aggressive care were not found to be statistically significant. Rates of aggressive care were not associated with age, and family ratings of care were similar for younger and older patients.CONCLUSIONSAggressive care within the last month of life is common among patients with NSCLC and is associated with lower family evaluations of end‐of‐life care. Specialized care provided within an HPC unit may mitigate the negative effects of aggressive care on these outcomes. Cancer 2017;123:3186–94. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Low‐Temperature Modification of ZnO Nanoparticles Film for Electron‐Transport Layers in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Han Gill Sang , Shim Hyun‐Woo , Lee Seongha , Duff Matthew L. , Lee Jung‐Kun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAn electron‐transport layer (ETL) that selectively collects photogenerated electrons is an important constituent of halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Although TiO2 films are widely used as ETL of PSCs, the processing of TiO2 films with high electron mobility requires high‐temperature annealing and TiO2 dissociates the perovskite layer through a photocatalytic reaction. Here, we report an effective surface‐modification method of a room‐temperature processed ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) layer as an alternative to the TiO2 ETL. A combination of simple UV exposure and nitric acid treatment effectively removes the hydroxyl group and passivates surface defects in ZnO NPs. The surface modification of ZnO NPs increases the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs to 14 % and decreases the aging of PSCs under light soaking. These results suggest that the surface‐modified ZnO film can be a good ETL of PSCs and provide a path toward low‐temperature processing of efficient and stable PSCs that are compatible with flexible electronics.
A Reversed Photosynthesis‐like Process for Light‐Triggered CO2 Capture, Release, and Conversion
Authors: Wang Dingguan , Liao Shenglong , Zhang Shiming , Wang Yapei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMaterials for CO2 capture have been extensively exploited for climate governance and gas separation. However, their regeneration is facing the problems of high energy cost and secondary CO2 contamination. Herein, a reversed photosynthesis‐like process is proposed, in which CO2 is absorbed in darkness while being released under light illumination. The process is likely supplementary to natural photosynthesis of plants, in which, on the contrary, CO2 is released during the night. Remarkably, the material used here is able to capture 9.6 wt.% CO2 according to its active component. Repeatable CO2 capture at room temperature and release under light irradiation ensures its convenient and cost‐effective regeneration. Furthermore, CO2 released from the system is successfully converted into a stable compound in tandem with specific catalysts.