bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type‐specific clinical characteristics of adenovirus‐associated influenza‐like illness at five US military medical centers, 2009–2014
Authors: Koren Michael A. , Arnold John C. , Fairchok Mary P. , Lalani Tahaniyat , Danaher Patrick J. , Schofield Christina M. , Rajnik Michael , Hansen Erin A. , Mor Deepika , Chen Wei‐Ju , Ridoré Michelande , Burgess Timothy H. , Millar Eugene V. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundAdenovirus is a recognized cause of influenza‐like illness (ILI). The proportion of ILI attributable to adenovirus is not known. Moreover, knowledge gaps remain with respect to the epidemiologic, virologic, and clinical characteristics of adenovirus‐associated ILI among otherwise healthy individuals.MethodsAn observational, longitudinal study of <65‐year‐old patients with febrile ILI at five medical centers was conducted from 2009 to 2014. Nasopharyngeal specimens obtained at enrollment were first tested by single‐reaction PCR for adenovirus, then further evaluated by a multiplex PCR assay for other respiratory viral pathogens. Symptoms over a 28‐day period were collected.ResultsWe enrolled 1536 individuals, among whom 43 (2·8%) were positive for adenovirus. The median age of cases was 3·4 years (range: 4 months to 41 years). Three were hospitalized. Species and serotype information was available for 33 (76·7%) cases. Species C (n = 21) was the most common, followed by B3 (n = 9) and one each of E4a, D46, and A. Species C infections were more frequent in children (P < 0·01). Half of the cases were positive for at least one other respiratory viral pathogen. Symptoms were generally mild and most commonly included cough (90%), fatigue (79%), rhinorrhea (74%), loss of appetite (71%), and sore throat (64%). Children with non‐C adenovirus infection were more likely to report sore throat (P = 0·05) and hoarseness (P = 0·06) than those with species C infection.ConclusionsAdenovirus is frequently detected with other respiratory viruses. Persons with non‐C adenovirus infections reported more severe symptoms, suggesting there may be species‐specific differences in virulence and/or host response to infection.
Single 3‐Minute versus Double 4‐Minute Freeze Strategy for Second‐Generation Cryoballoon Ablation: A Single‐Center Experience
Authors: CICONTE GIUSEPPE , SIEIRA‐MORET JUAN , HACIOGLU EBRU , MUGNAI GIACOMO , DI GIOVANNI GIACOMO , VELAGIC VEDRAN , SAITOH YUKIO , CONTE GIULIO , IRFAN GHAZALA , BALTOGIANNIS GIANNIS , HUNUK BURAK , STROKER ERWIN , BRUGADA PEDRO , DE ASMUNDIS CARLO , CHIERCHIA GIAN‐BATTISTA 
Published: April 2016

Single 3 vs. Double 4 Strategy in CB ablationIntroductionSecond‐generation cryoballoon (CB‐Adv) ablation is highly effective in achieving pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with promising mid‐term clinical outcome. However, the ideal freezing strategy is still under debate. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a single 3‐minute approach compared to the conventional 4‐minute plus bonus application using CB‐Adv.Methods and ResultsOne hundred and sixty patients (67% male; mean age 58.0 ± 13.3 years) underwent PVI using CB‐Adv for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). Among 160 patients, 80 received a single 3‐minute approach (3‐mns group), while the remaining 80 conventional 4‐minute plus bonus‐freeze (4‐mns group). Mean procedure and fluoroscopy times were 90.6 ± 15.8 and 18.3 ± 6.9 in the 4‐mns group, 75.2 ± 17.1 and 13.5 ± 8.7 in the 3‐mns group (P < 0.001, respectively). First‐freeze isolation rate was 91.6% in the 4‐ versus 90.6% in the 3‐mns group (P = 0.78). Persistent phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) occurred in 6/80 (3.5%) in the 4‐mns group and 4/80 in the 3‐mns group (P = 0.75). The overall freedom from ATas 2 years after the procedure was 78.1% (125/160): 77.5% (62/80 patients) in the 3‐mns and 78.8% (63/80 patients) in the 4‐mns group (P = 0.82). In multivariate analysis, time to PVI and nadir temperature independently predicted ATa recurrences (P < 0.001).ConclusionsCB‐Adv ablation for PAF is highly effective, resulting in 78% 2‐year freedom from arrhythmic recurrences. A “single 3‐minute strategy” showed equal efficacy as compared to the conventional 4‐minute plus bonus freeze approach at 2‐year follow‐up, providing shorter procedure and fluoroscopy time. Nadir temperature and time to PVI were predictors of arrhythmic recurrences. “Bonus‐freeze” strategy might be unnecessary.
First‐in‐Man Experience With the ClearLumen Thrombectomy System as an Adjunctive Therapy in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Biasco Luigi , Götberg Matthias , Harnek Jan , Lundin Anders , Kandzari David E. , De Backer Ole , Olivecrona Göran K. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo describe the first‐in‐man experience with the ClearLumen Thrombectomy System (Walk Vascular, Irvine, CA) and report on its safety, feasibility and efficacy when used as an adjunctive therapy during primary PCI.BackgroundThrombus aspiration (TA) aims to improve microvascular perfusion but currently available devices are not optimal.MethodsProspective, single‐centre, non‐randomized, safety, and efficacy trial. Patients with acute STEMI were enrolled and the investigational device was used for thrombus aspiration. Safety was evaluated as the overall rate of device related complications while efficacy as the rate of successful device deployment and culprit vessel reperfusion. The composite endpoint based on the achievement of at least two of the following three criteria—TIMI flow 3 and/or myocardial blush grade ≥2 at completion of the case and ST‐resolution >70% at 90 minutes after vessel reperfusion—was also evaluated.ResultsOver a 3 months period 20 patients were enrolled in the study. Culprit lesion was successfully reached with the investigational device in 19 patients (95%). The pre‐specified combined endpoint was met in 16 out of 19 patients (84.2%). Three patients not meeting the combined end point had procedure related, non TA associated, adverse event. Only 2 minor procedural adverse event occurred after thrombus aspiration.ConclusionsThis first‐in‐man experience with the ClearLumen Thrombectomy System demonstrates initial promising results on safety and efficacy when used as an adjunctive therapy during primary PCI. (J Interven Cardiol 2016;29:155–161)
Intravenous maintenance fluid therapy in children
Authors: McNab Sarah 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntravenous fluids are frequently used in paediatrics but have been associated with significant adverse outcomes. Understanding the composition of fluid prescribed and administering an appropriate rate is essential for safe fluid administration, along with regular monitoring. Recent evidence has shown that using an isotonic fluid with a sodium concentration similar to plasma can decrease the risk of hyponatraemia without an increase in adverse effects. This should lead to a change in guidelines: isotonic fluid should now be used as the primary maintenance intravenous fluid given to the majority of children.
Melatonin rescues zebrafish embryos from the parkinsonian phenotype restoring the parkin/PINK1/DJ‐1/MUL1 network
Authors: Díaz‐Casado María E. , Lima Elena , García José A , Doerrier Carolina , Aranda Paula , Sayed Ramy KA , Guerra‐Librero Ana , Escames Germaine , López Luis C , Acuña‐Castroviejo Darío 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMultiple studies reporting mitochondrial impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) involve knockout or knockdown models to inhibit the expression of mitochondrial‐related genes, including parkin, PINK1, and DJ‐1 ones. Melatonin has significant neuroprotective properties, which have been related to its ability to boost mitochondrial bioenergetics. The meaning and molecular targets of melatonin in PD are yet unclear. Zebrafish are an outstanding model of PD because they are vertebrates, their dopaminergic system is comparable to the nigrostriatal system of humans, and their brains express the same genes as mammals. The exposure of 24 hpf zebrafish embryos to MPTP leads to a significant inhibition of the mitochondrial complex I and the induction of sncga gene, responsible for enhancing γ‐synuclein accumulation, which is related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, MPTP inhibited the parkin/PINK1/DJ‐1 expression, impeding the normal function of the parkin/PINK1/DJ‐1/MUL1 network to remove the damaged mitochondria. This situation remains over time, and removing MPTP from the treatment did not stop the neurodegenerative process. On the contrary, mitochondria become worse during the next 2 days without MPTP, and the embryos developed a severe motor impairment that cannot be rescued because the mitochondrial‐related gene expression remained inhibited. Melatonin, added together with MPTP or added once MPTP was removed, prevented and recovered, respectively, the parkinsonian phenotype once it was established, restoring gene expression and normal function of the parkin/PINK1/DJ‐1/MUL1 loop and also the normal motor activity of the embryos. The results show, for the first time, that melatonin restores brain function in zebrafish suffering with Parkinson‐like disease.
High consumption of commercial food products among children less than 24 months of age and product promotion in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal
Authors: Pries Alissa M. , Huffman Sandra L. , Adhikary Indu , Upreti Senendra Raj , Dhungel Shrid , Champeny Mary , Zehner Elizabeth 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCommercially produced complementary foods can help improve nutritional status of young children if they are appropriately fortified and of optimal nutrient composition. However, other commercially produced snack food products may be nutritionally detrimental, potentially increasing consumption of foods high in salt or sugar and displacing consumption of other more nutritious options. Helen Keller International, in collaboration with the Nepal government, implemented a study to assess mothers' utilization of commercial food products for child feeding and exposure to commercial promotions for these products. A cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 309 mothers of children less than 24 months of age across 15 health facilities. Utilization of breastmilk substitutes was low, having been consumed by 6.2% of children 0–5 months of age and 7.5% of children 6–23 months of age. Approximately one‐fourth (24.6%) of children 6–23 months age had consumed a commercially produced complementary food in the prior day. Twenty‐eight percent of mothers reported observing a promotion for breastmilk substitutes, and 20.1% reported promotions for commercially produced complementary foods. Consumption of commercially produced snack food products was high at 74.1% of children 6–23 months. Promotions for these same commercially produced snack food products were highly prevalent in Kathmandu Valley, reported by 85.4% of mothers. In order to improve diets during the complementary feeding period, development of national standards for complementary food products is recommended. Nutritious snack options should be promoted for the complementary feeding period; consumption of commercially produced snack food products high in sugar and salt and low in nutrients should be discouraged.
Assessment of corporate compliance with guidance and regulations on labels of commercially produced complementary foods sold in Cambodia, Nepal, Senegal and Tanzania
Authors: Sweet Lara , Pereira Catherine , Ford Rosalyn , Feeley Alison B , Badham Jane , Mengkheang Khin , Adhikary Indu , Gueye Ndèye Yaga Sy , Coly Aminata Ndiaye , Makafu Cecilia , Zehner Elizabeth 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNational legislation and global guidance address labelling of complementary foods to ensure that labels support optimal infant and young child feeding practices. This cross‐sectional study assessed the labels of commercially produced complementary foods (CPCF) sold in Phnom Penh (n = 70), Cambodia; Kathmandu Valley (n = 22), Nepal; Dakar Department (n = 84), Senegal; and Dar es Salaam (n = 26), Tanzania. Between 3.6% and 30% of products did not provide any age recommendation and 8.6−20.2% of products, from all sites, recommended an age of introduction of <6 months. Few CPCF products provided a daily ration (0.0−8.6%) and 14.5−55.6% of those that did exceeded the daily energy recommendation for complementary foods for a breastfed child from 6 to 8.9 months of age. Only 3.6−27.3% of labels provided accurate and complete messages in the required language encouraging exclusive breastfeeding, and almost none (0.0−2.9%) provided accurate and complete messages regarding the appropriate introduction of complementary foods together with continued breastfeeding. Between 34.3% and 70.2% of CPCF manufacturers also produced breastmilk substitutes and 41.7−78.0% of relevant CPCF products cross‐promoted their breastmilk substitutes products. Labelling practices of CPCF included in this study do not fully comply with international guidance on their promotion and selected aspects of national legislation, and there is a need for more detailed normative guidance on certain promotion practices in order to protect and promote optimal infant and young child feeding.
Cross‐sectional survey shows that follow‐up formula and growing‐up milks are labelled similarly to infant formula in four low and middle income countries
Authors: Pereira Catherine , Ford Rosalyn , Feeley Alison B. , Sweet Lara , Badham Jane , Zehner Elizabeth 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis cross‐sectional survey assessed the characteristics of labels of follow‐up formula (FUF) and growing‐up milk (GUM) compared with infant formula (IF), including cross‐promotion practices between FUF/GUM and IF manufactured by the same company, sold in Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Kathmandu Valley, Nepal; Dakar Department, Senegal; and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. All products were imported. A wide recommended age/age range for introduction was provided by manufacturers across all sites, with products with an age recommendation of 0–6 months being most prevalent in three sites, representing over a third of all products. Various age categories (e.g. 1, 1+ and Stage 1) commonly appeared on labels. A number of descriptive names (e.g. infant formula and milk formula) per category of age of introduction were used with some appearing across more than one category. Images of feeding bottles were found on most labels across all age categories, but prevalence decreased with older age categories. The majority of FUF/GUM manufactured by IF companies across all sites displayed at least one example of cross‐promotion with one or more of the company's IF: two‐thirds or more contained similar colour schemes/designs and similar brand names; 20–85% had similar slogans/mascots/symbols. A wide and potentially confusing range of ages/categories of introduction and descriptive names were found, and cross‐promotion with IF was common on FUF/GUM labels. Global guidance from normative bodies forms the basis of most low and middle income countries policies and should provide specific guidance to prohibit cross‐promotion between FUF/GUM and IF, and all three categories should be classified as breastmilk substitutes.
Pervasive promotion of breastmilk substitutes in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, and high usage by mothers for infant and young child feeding
Authors: Pries Alissa M. , Huffman Sandra L. , Mengkheang Khin , Kroeun Hou , Champeny Mary , Roberts Margarette , Zehner Elizabeth 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn 2005, Cambodia passed the Sub‐Decree on Marketing of Products for Infant and Young Child Feeding (no. 133) to regulate promotion of commercial infant and young child food products, including breastmilk substitutes. Helen Keller International assessed mothers' exposure to commercial promotions for breastmilk substitutes and use of these products through a cross‐sectional survey among 294 mothers of children less than 24 months of age. Eighty‐six per cent of mothers reported observing commercial promotions for breastmilk substitutes, 19.0% reported observing infant and young child food product brands/logos on health facility equipment and 18.4% reported receiving a recommendation from a health professional to use a breastmilk substitute. Consumption of breastmilk substitutes was high, occurring among 43.1% of children 0–5 months and 29.3% of children 6–23 months of age. Findings also indicated a need to improve breastfeeding practices among Phnom Penh mothers. Only 36.1% of infants 0–5 months of age were exclusively breastfed, and 12.5% of children 20–23 months of age were still breastfed. Children that received a breastmilk substitute as a prelacteal feed were 3.9 times more likely to be currently consuming a breastmilk substitute than those who did not. Despite restriction of commercial promotions for breastmilk substitutes without government approval, occurrence of promotions is high and use is common among Phnom Penh mothers. In a country with high rates of child malnutrition and pervasive promotions in spite of restrictive national law, full implementation of Cambodia's Sub‐Decree 133 is necessary, as are policies and interventions to support exclusive and continued breastfeeding.Key messages
Despite prohibition without specific approval by the national government, companies are pervasively promoting breast‐milk substitutes in Phnom Penh, particularly on television and at points of sale.
Strengthened implementation and enforcement of Cambodia's subdecree 133 are needed to better regulate promotion in order to protect breastfeeding for the nutrition and health of infants and young children in Cambodia.
Mothers who used a breast‐milk substitute as a prelacteal feed were 3.9 times more likely to currently feed this same child a breast‐milk substitute, as compared with mothers who did not provide breast‐milk substitute as a prelacteal feed. Supporting breastfeeding among mothers after delivery is critical to establish and sustain optimal breastfeeding practices.
Use of breast‐milk substitutes is also very common among mothers of children under 2 years of age in Phnom Penh. We recommend promoting exclusive and continued breastfeeding as beneficial to children's health and development, and supporting policy and workplace environments that enable breastfeeding up to and beyond 24 months of age.
Geographic cline analysis as a tool for studying genome‐wide variation: a case study of pollinator‐mediated divergence in a monkeyflower
Authors: Stankowski Sean , Sobel James M. , Streisfeld Matthew A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA major goal of speciation research is to reveal the genomic signatures that accompany the speciation process. Genome scans are routinely used to explore genome‐wide variation and identify highly differentiated loci that may contribute to ecological divergence, but they do not incorporate spatial, phenotypic or environmental data that might enhance outlier detection. Geographic cline analysis provides a potential framework for integrating diverse forms of data in a spatially explicit framework, but has not been used to study genome‐wide patterns of divergence. Aided by a first‐draft genome assembly, we combined anFCTscan and geographic cline analysis to characterize patterns of genome‐wide divergence between divergent pollination ecotypes ofMimulus aurantiacus.FCTanalysis of 58 872SNPs generated viaRAD‐seq revealed little ecotypic differentiation (meanFCT = 0.041), although a small number of loci were moderately‐to‐highly diverged. Consistent with our previous results from the geneMaMyb2, which contributes to differences in flower colour, 130 loci have cline shapes that recapitulate the spatial pattern of trait divergence, suggesting that they may reside in or near the genomic regions that contribute to pollinator isolation. In the narrow hybrid zone between the ecotypes, extensive admixture among individuals and low linkage disequilibrium between markers indicate that most outlier loci are scattered throughout the genome, rather than being restricted to one or a few divergent regions. In addition to revealing the genomic consequences of ecological divergence in this system, we discuss how geographic cline analysis is a powerful but under‐utilized framework for studying genome‐wide patterns of divergence.
On the Diversity of the Cognition Disciplines and the Development of A Unifying Philosophy of Information
Authors: Hemmatazad Nolan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe cognition and information theoretic sciences have now been in existence for the better part of a century. In that time, their varied disciplines have undergone extensive maturation, honing their methods, constitutions, and evaluation techniques in the pursuit of academic rigor, while not losing sight of the practical influences that have served as their almost universal cornerstone. Meanwhile, this period has also been marked by increasing disparity and gradual distancing of the philosophical underpinnings upon which each field is founded, adding strain to interdisciplinary collaborative efforts. This article presents an overview of select information‐science‐related cognition disciplines, and shows how the nascent Philosophy of Information (PI) can be adopted as a means of unifying these philosophical foundations in an empirically sound manner, without sacrificing general applicability. In addition, it demonstrates how PI is already rooted in the philosophies or epistemological views of several of the cognition disciplines, implicitly or otherwise.
Easy Knowledge, Closure Failure, or Skepticism: A Trilemma
Authors: Melchior Guido 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article aims to provide a structural analysis of the problems related to the easy knowledge problem. The easy knowledge problem is well known. If we accept that we can have basic knowledge via a source without having any prior knowledge about the reliability or accuracy of this source, then we can acquire knowledge about the reliability or accuracy of this source too easily via information delivered by the source. Rejecting any kind of basic knowledge, however, leads into an infinite regress and, plausibly, to skepticism. The article argues that the third alternative, accepting basic knowledge but rejecting easy knowledge, entails closure failure. This is obviously the case for deductive bootstrapping, but, notably, the problem also arises for inductive bootstrapping. Hence, the set of problems related to the easy knowledge problem has the structure of a trilemma. We are forced to accept easy knowledge, closure failure, or skepticism.
How Philosophers Appeal to Priority to Effect Revolution
Authors: Tillman Micah D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article argues that philosophers tend to employ a particular method in constructing their theories and critiquing their opponents. To substantiate this claim, the article examines the work of Nietzsche and Locke, the Empiricists and Rationalists, Heidegger, Levinas, and Derrida, and Russell and Wittgenstein, showing how each relies on a method the article labels “revolution‐through‐return.” The method consists in identifying the authority behind your opponent's theory, then appealing to something “prior to” that authority, from which you then proceed to derive your own theory. The article distinguishes between several senses of priority (temporal, ontological, axiological, and so on), argues that modern philosophers tend to rely on temporal priority, and discusses the questions in priority theory that need to be addressed in order evaluate and construct revolution‐through‐return arguments.