bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of methods for isolating primary hepatocytes from mini pigs
Authors: Li Yi , Wang Yujia , Wu Qiong , Li Li , Shi Yujun , Bu Hong , Bao Ji 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSuccessful porcine hepatocyte isolation is crucial for the development of bioartificial liver devices and hepatocyte transplantation. Serva collagenase NB grades are formulated collagenases that are suitable for various tissue isolation applications. N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) can improve the viability of human hepatocytes. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of two collagenases and effect of NAC on hepatocyte isolation from porcine liver tissue. Porcine hepatocytes were isolated using the perfusion method from Bama mini pigs assigned to the Serva NB 4 group (n=6), the Serva NB 8 group (n=6), or the NB 8+NAC group (n=6). Viability and yield were defined as fresh hepatocytes and their spheroids formation after 24‐hour rocker culture in serum‐free medium. Metabolic function was assessed by gene expression, albumin, and urea synthesis. All procedures resulted in successful hepatocyte isolation. Cells from the NB 8+NAC group had (97.8±1.9)% viability, which was higher than the NB 8 group with (94.4±2.4)% and the NB 4 group with (94.5±3.2)% (P<.001). The final cell yield reached (11.8±1.0)×109 cells in the NB 8+NAC group, compared to (9.5±2.1)×109 cells in the NB 8 group (P<.01) and (9.1±1.1) ×109 cells in the NB 4 group (P<.001). The secretion of albumin was superior in the NB 8+NAC group at a concentration of (425.8±35.3) ng/mL compared to the NB 8 group (339.1±32.6) ng/mL (P <.001) and NB 4 group (293.6±43.3) ng/mL (P <.01). The injury of hepatocytes also decreased in the NB 8+NAC group (P<.01). The data are presented as means ± SD. Formulated collagenase Serva NB 8 and NAC could improve the porcine hepatocyte isolation, resulting in higher yields of viable cells.
La carga del cuidado en la enfermedad crónica en la díada cuidador familiar-receptor del cuidado
Authors: Chaparro Díaz Olivia Lorena , Carrillo González Gloria Mabel , Sánchez Herrera Beatriz 
Published: September 2016

<p><strong>Objetivo. </strong>Analizar la forma en que se aborda y mide la carga del cuidado en la enfermedad crónica no transmisible (ECNT) en las diadas compuestas por el cuidador familiar y el receptor del cuidado (D CF-R)</p><p><strong>Método. </strong> Revisión sistemática de literatura en las bases de datos CINAHL, Ovid, Scielo, Medline y PsycInfo, bajo los descriptores diada, cuidador familiar, carga, costo de la enfermedad y enfermedad crónica cruzándolas con los descriptores valoración, medición y evaluación, con su traducción al inglés, los estudios se clasificaron y analizaron según la conceptualización de la diadas cuidador familiar-receptor del cuidado su interacción, sus componentes, e indicadores de medición.</p><p><strong>Resultados. </strong> El análisis permitió establecer seis categorías de instrumentos de medición según la forma en que la díada cuidador familiar-receptor del cuidado, su interacción y sus componentes son abordados: (1) las que consideran al grupo familiar como contexto de la díada (2) las que ven a las personas con enfermedad crónica como integrantes de la díada (3) las que ven a los cuidadores familiares como integrantes e informantes de la díada, (4) las que analizan la perspectiva de los pacientes y la de su grupo familiar como una mirada interna y externa de la díada; (5) las que toman a la díada propiamente dicha y (6) las que analizan la perspectiva del cuidador externo a la díada.</p><p><strong>Conclusión. </strong>Es ampliamente aceptado que el fenómeno de la carga de la ECNT afecta a la díada cuidador familiar-receptor del cuidado, sin embargo, el enfoque con el que se reconoce a la diada modifica de manera importante su valoración. Comprender esta diferencia es necesario para la elaboración de propuestas de disminución de la carga del cuidado de la enfermedad crónica que a su vez mejoren el bienestar de las díadas.</p>
DERECHO INTERNACIONAL, DIVERSIDAD CULTURAL Y RESISTENCIA SOCIAL EL CASO DE LA LEY GENERAL FORESTAL EN COLOMBIA
Authors: Bonilla-Maldonado Daniel Eduardo 
Published: September 2016

<p>El derecho internacional ha sido reiteradamente cuestionado por su carácter excluyente y sus usos imperiales. Estas críticas describen de manera precisa muchas de sus estructuras y dinámicas. Sin embargo, el derecho internacional puede ser un instrumento útil para proteger los intereses legítimos de los Estados del Sur Global, en general, y de los distintos grupos sociales y culturales que los componen, en particular. El uso estratégico de sus normas y procedimientos pueden contribuir eficientemente a alcanzar estos objetivos. No obstante, para entender el potencial emancipador o de resistencia social que tiene el derecho internacional es necesario complementar las discusiones y críticas teóricas con el examen de las formas concretas a través de las cuales el Sur Global hace uso del derecho internacional para resistir o transformar su realidad social. El artículo, siguiendo esta línea de argumentación, explora la manera como el derecho internacional puede ser usado como una herramienta para proteger los intereses de algunos de los grupos mas vulnerables del Sur Global: las comunidades indígenas y negras culturalmente diversas. Este análisis se hace a partir de un estudio de caso. El artículo examina el proceso que se inicia con la presentación de la acción publica de inconstitucionalidad que se presentó ante la Corte Constitucional colombiana en contra de la Ley General Forestal y que termina con la sentencia C-075 de 2008 que declaró su inconstitucionalidad. El análisis de este proceso se divide en dos partes: en la primera parte se examina la manera como el derecho internacional y el derecho nacional se entretejieron para la protección de los derechos de las minorías culturales colombianas. En la segunda parte, se presentan las razones jurídicas y políticas que explican porqué en Colombia, así como en otros países del Sur Global, el derecho internacional ambiental y el derecho internacional de las minorías culturales pueden ser (y son) usados eficientemente en las Cortes nacionales.</p><p>Este artículo de investigación hace parte de un proyecto más amplio que tiene como objetivo examinar las relaciones entre derecho de interés público y minorías culturales. </p>
Argentina y la autonomía en la globalización financiera. La naturaleza de su respaldo durante el proceso de reestructuración de su deuda externa (2002-2005).
Authors: Creus Nicolás 
Published: September 2016

<p>El presente artículo se propone analizar la autonomía lograda por Argentina durante el proceso de reestructuración de su deuda externa, entre 2002 y 2005. El hecho de que un Estado con sus características, haya logrado preservar espacios de decisión propia en un tema tan complejo en el campo de las finanzas internacionales, constituye un acontecimiento novedoso y anómalo que merece ser estudiado. En tal sentido, resulta fundamental desentrañar las particularidades de la autonomía alcanzada, a los fines de poder determinar si se trató de una construcción genuina y por tanto sostenible en el tiempo, o si por el contrario la misma fue más bien el producto de un contexto particular. Para responder a tal interrogante, es preciso analizar la naturaleza del respaldo con el que contó dicha autonomía, en tanto que es allí donde reside la clave de su sustentabilidad. </p>
Imágenes de desigualdad en Chile: El impacto de factores económicos y políticos
Authors: Segovia Carolina , Gamboa Ricardo 
Published: September 2016

<p>¿Cuán desigual es percibida la sociedad chilena por los ciudadanos? ¿Ha cambiado la imagen que los chilenos tienen de esa desigualdad en los últimos años? ¿Qué factores determinan los niveles de desigualdad percibidos? Utilizando datos provenientes de las encuestas del Centro de Estudios Públicos (CEP) abordamos estas preguntas. Los resultados muestran que los chilenos perciben mayoritariamente que viven en una sociedad desigual, que esas percepciones han variado poco entre 2000 y 2013, aunque mostrando un percepción levemente más positiva hacia 2013, y que los principales determinantes de esas percepciones son económicos y no políticos.</p>
De la política a la acción: Estado y avances de la implementación de la políti c a pública social para el envejecimiento y la vejez (PPSEV) en Bogotá
Authors: Jaramillo Ángela María , Forero Ángela Lucía 
Published: September 2016

<p>Uno de los principales desafíos que enfrentan las políticas públicas en general y la Política Pública Social de Envejecimiento y Vejez (PPSEV) de Bogotá en particular, es la armonización entre las acciones ya desarrolladas para atender a la población mayor de la ciudad y la creación de ambientes sociales en los que las personas tengan las condiciones necesarias y suficientes para envejecer con dignidad y equidad.</p><p>En el presente documento se describen los avances y las dificultades que enfrenta el distrito en el proceso de implementación de la PPSEV a partir de las experiencias cotidianas de los coordinadores y profesionales encargados de<br />desarrollar el proyecto 742, el cual implementa esta política pública. La percepción, funciones y actividades de los gestores son aspectos relevantes<br />para reflexionar acerca de la conexión entre los elementos técnicos (planes de acción, metas e indicadores) y el marco de acción formulado.</p><p><br />La coherencia entre los referentes conceptuales de la política y su ejecución facilita el alcance de las metas y resultados de la PPSEV y en consecuencia,<br />la creación de contextos adecuados para una sociedad de todas las edades.</p>
Análise do processo de trabalho no núcleo de apoio à saúde da família em município do nordeste brasileiro
Authors: Vieira de Macedo Mirnis Aparecida , Ximenes-Guimarães José Maria , Coelho-Sampaio José Jackson , Pereira-Morais Ana Patrícia , Carneiro Cleide 
Published: September 2016

<p>Objetivo: analisar a organização do processo de trabalho do Núcleo de Apoio à Saúde da Família (NASF). Método: pesquisa qualitativa, com 11 pro ssionais de duas equipes de NASF em Fortaleza, Ceará. A coleta de dados foi por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e observação livre, com análise baseada na Hermenêutica-Dialética. Resultados: evidenciaram-se descompassos da formação em relação à proposta de trabalho do nasf, precárias condições laborais e di culdades de articulação e pactuações de apoio à Estratégia Saúde da Família-esf, bem como potencialidades como trabalho em equipe, à cogestão e compartilhamento das ações. O NASF foi reconhecido como apoio à esf, entretanto, ainda não consegue atuar de modo a efetivar as diretrizes propostas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Conclusão: há necessidade de discussão crítica e repactuação dos processos de trabalho no nasf, com vistas a materializar suas diretrizes, orientadas pelo atendimento às necessidades de saúde da população.</p>
Intervenciones para optimizar la oferta de métodos modernos de planificación familiar en la región tropical de Loreto, Perú
Authors: Carmona Gloria , Aspilcueta Juan , Cárdenas Ulalia , Flores Sara , Álvarez Elizabeth , Solary Lely 
Published: September 2016

<p>El uso de métodos de planificación familiar, principalmente de métodos anticonceptivos modernos —por su mayor eficacia—, está asociado a la disminución de casos de embarazo no deseado, abortos, y a una disminución de las tasas de fecundidad y mortalidad materna, viabilizando así una maternidad voluntaria y saludable. Sin embargo, su uso en el Perú es aún insuficiente, sobre todo en un departamento como Loreto que presenta el mayor porcentaje de demanda insatisfecha de planificación familiar a nivel nacional (14,2 %) y altas tasas de fecundidad (3,8). Este es un problema importante para la salud sexual y reproductiva, y en general para la salud pública, ya que tiene repercusiones socioeconómicas relevantes. En este artículo se realiza una revisión narrativa de la evidencia disponible sobre tres intervenciones destinadas a incrementar la oferta de los métodos anticonceptivos modernos, su contextualización local y las consideraciones para su potencial implementación local.</p>
Whole‐remnant and maximum‐voxel SPECT/CT dosimetry in 131I‐NaI treatments of differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Mínguez Pablo , Flux Glenn , Genollá José , Delgado Alejandro , Rodeño Emilia , Sjögreen Gleisner Katarina 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo investigate the possible differences between SPECT/CT based whole‐remnant and maximum‐voxel dosimetry in patients receiving radio‐iodine ablation treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC).MethodsEighteen DTC patients were administered 1.11 GBq of 131I‐NaI after near‐total thyroidectomy and rhTSH stimulation. Two patients had two remnants, so in total dosimetry was performed for 20 sites. Three SPECT/CT scans were performed for each patient at 1, 2, and 3–7 days after administration. The activity, the remnant mass, and the maximum‐voxel activity were determined from these images and from a recovery‐coefficient curve derived from experimental phantom measurements. The cumulated activity was estimated using trapezoidal‐exponential integration. Finally, the absorbed dose was calculated using S‐values for unit‐density spheres in whole‐remnant dosimetry and S‐values for voxels in maximum‐voxel dosimetry.ResultsThe mean absorbed dose obtained from whole‐remnant dosimetry was 40 Gy (range 2–176 Gy) and from maximum‐voxel dosimetry 34 Gy (range 2–145 Gy). For any given patient, the activity concentrations for each of the three time‐points were approximately the same for the two methods. The effective half‐lives varied (R = 0.865), mainly due to discrepancies in estimation of the longer effective half‐lives. On average, absorbed doses obtained from whole‐remnant dosimetry were 1.2 ± 0.2 (1 SD) higher than for maximum‐voxel dosimetry, mainly due to differences in theS‐values. The method‐related differences were however small in comparison to the wide range of absorbed doses obtained in patients.ConclusionsSimple and consistent procedures for SPECT/CT based whole‐volume and maximum‐voxel dosimetry have been described, both based on experimentally determined recovery coefficients. Generally the results from the two approaches are consistent, although there is a small, systematic difference in the absorbed dose due to differences in the S‐values, and some variability due to differences in the estimated effective half‐lives, especially when the effective half‐life is long. Irrespective of the method used, the patient absorbed doses obtained span over two orders of magnitude.
Robot‐assistant for MRI‐guided liver ablation: A pilot study
Authors: Franco Enrico , Ristic Mike , Rea Marc , Gedroyc Wladyslaw M. W. 
Published: September 2016

PurposePercutaneous ablation under MRI‐guidance allows treating otherwise inoperable liver tumors locally using a catheter probe. However, manually placing the probe is an error‐prone and time consuming task that requires a considerable amount of training. The aim of this paper was to present a pneumatically actuated robotic instrument that can assist clinicians in MRI‐guided percutaneous intervention of the liver and to assess its functionality in a clinical setting. The robot positions a needle‐guide inside the MRI scanner bore and assists manual needle insertions outside the bore.MethodsThe robot supports double oblique insertions that are particularly challenging for less experienced clinicians. Additionally, the system employs only standard imaging sequences and can therefore be used on different MRI scanners without requiring prior integration. The repeatability and the accuracy of the robot were evaluated with an optical tracking system. The functionality of the robot was assessed in an initial pilot study on two patients that underwent MRI‐guided laser ablation of the liver.ResultsThe robot positioned the needle‐guide in a repeatable manner with a mean error of 0.35 mm and a standard deviation of 0.32 mm. The mean position error corresponding to the needle tip, measured for an equivalent needle length of 195 mm over 25 fixed points, was 2.5 mm with a standard deviation of 1.2 mm. The pilot study confirmed that the robot does not interfere with the equipment used for MRI‐guided laser ablation and does not visibly affect the MR images. The robot setup integrated seamlessly within the established clinical workflow. The robot‐assisted procedure was successfully completed on two patients, one of which required a complex double oblique insertion. For both patients, the insertion depth and the tumor size were within the range reported for previous MRI‐guided percutaneous interventions. A third patient initially enrolled in the pilot study and was considerably heavier than the others, preventing the use of the robot and requiring several freehand insertion attempts.ConclusionsThe robot repeatability and accuracy are appropriate for liver tumors normally treated with MRI‐guided ablation. The results of the pilot study endorse the clinical use of the robot in its current form: the robot is fully functional and MRI‐compatible in a clinical setting and is suitable for double‐oblique needle insertions.
Increases in Circulating Cell-Free DNA During Aerobic Running Depend on Intensity and Duration
Authors: Haller Nils , Tug Suzan , Breitbach Sarah , Jörgensen Arne , Simon Perikles 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:Increases in concentrations of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have recently been demonstrated to occur in a variety of exhausting and vigorous exercise settings. Here, the authors assessed the association of cfDNA with exercise duration and intensity in a controlled test–retest setting of a regenerative up-to-moderate-level aerobic run.Methods:In a pretest, the lactate threshold (LT) was determined in 13 participants (range 10.8–13.4 km/h) by using a step-wise incremental running test. The speed of the 2 endurance runs was set to 9.6 km/h for 40 min; for the participants with an LT below the median (12.8 km/h; G1), this was a moderate aerobic run, and for those with an LT above the median, this was a regenerative run (G2). Capillary cfDNA, lactate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed before, every 10 min during, and after the runs.Results:During the last 30 min of the 2 runs, lactate did not increase, whereas cfDNA increased steadily (3.46-fold for G1 and 2.05-fold for G2). Intraclass correlation for cfDNA was high (r = .81, P < .0001) for all runners but higher for male participants (r = .92, P < .0001). The correlations of cfDNA and lactate with RPEs were r = .58 (P < .0001) and r = .32 (P < .05), respectively.Conclusions:Both duration and level of intensity were significantly associated with accumulation of cfDNA. The correlation with RPE and the high test–retest reliability suggest that cfDNA might be applicable as a marker to monitor individual training load for aerobic and intermittent exercises. Future randomized, controlled, longitudinal training studies will have to reveal the full potential of cfDNA as an exercise-physiology marker.
Muscle Activation in World-Champion, World-Class, and National Breaststroke Swimmers
Authors: Olstad Bjørn Harald , Zinner Christoph , Vaz João Rocha , Cabri Jan M.H. , Kjendlie Per-Ludvik 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:To investigate the muscle-activation patterns and coactivation with the support of kinematics in some of the world’s best breaststrokers and identify performance discriminants related to national elites at maximal effort.Methods:Surface electromyography was collected in 8 muscles from 4 world-class (including 2 world champions) and 4 national elite breaststroke swimmers during a 25-m breaststroke at maximal effort.Results:World-class spent less time during the leg recovery (P = .043), began this phase with a smaller knee angle (154.6° vs 161.8°), and had a higher median velocity of 0.18 m/s during the leg glide than national elites. Compared with national elites, world-class swimmers showed a difference in the muscle-activation patterns for all 8 muscles. In the leg-propulsion phase, there was less triceps brachii activation (1 swimmer 6% vs median 23.0% [8.8]). In the leg-glide phase, there was activation in rectus femoris and gastrocnemius during the beginning of this phase (all world-class vs only 1 national elite) and a longer activation in pectoralis major (world champions 71% [0.5] vs 50.0 [4.3]) (propulsive phase of the arms). In the leg-recovery phase, there was more activation in biceps femoris (50.0% [15.0] vs 20.0% [14.0]) and a later and quicker activation in tibialis anterior (40.0% [7.8] vs 52.0% [6.0]). In the stroke cycle, there was no coactivation in tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius for world champions.Conclusion:These components are important performance discriminants. They can be used to improve muscle-activation patterns and kinematics through the different breaststroke phases. Furthermore, they can be used as focus points for teaching breaststroke to beginners.
Exploring the Potential of Cell-Free-DNA Measurements After an Exhaustive Cycle-Ergometer Test as a Marker for Performance-Related Parameters
Authors: Tug Suzan , Mehdorn Matthias , Helmig Susanne , Breitbach Sarah , Ehlert Tobias , Simon Perikles 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:Intensive exercise is known to be accompanied by a rapid release of cell-free DNA (cfDNA). The physiological significance of cfDNA release for performance diagnostics has not been studied. The authors analyzed the release of cfDNA during bicycle exercise and its correlation with physiological parameters.Methods:Eleven male athletes performed an incremental cycling test. Venous blood was collected before and immediately after exercise and after 90 min of recovery. Since the amount of cfDNA is influenced by preanalytical parameters like DNA extraction and quantification method, the authors applied different measurement approaches based on quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. They compared a direct measurement procedure not requiring cfDNA extraction for a short (L1PA290) and a long fragment (L1PA2222) and a procedure for extracted cfDNA for a short (LTR570) and long fragment (LTR5323) with primers targeting the repetitive sequences L1PA2 and LTR5 in both assays, respectively.Results:With the exception of LTR5323, the procedures revealed significant increases of cfDNA postexercise, whereas the direct approach showed lower interindividual variance in cfDNA values. When linking cfDNA levels to parameters of exercise performance the authors observed that, especially, the measurement based on L1PA2222 correlated significantly with exercise markers. These correlations were similar to the relationship of the performance markers among themselves.Conclusions:cfDNA is a possible physiological marker to assess and predict exercise performance in athletes. In addition, the results indicate that using cfDNA as a marker in exercise physiology requires careful selection of a suitable measurement technique, whether it is eluted DNA or directly quantified.