bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What do hypnotics cost hospitals and healthcare?
Authors: Kripke Daniel F. 
Published: April 2017

Hypnotics (sleeping pills) are prescribed widely, but the economic costs of the harm they have caused have been largely unrecognized. Randomized clinical trials have proven that hypnotics increase the incidence of infections. Likewise, hypnotics increase the incidence of major depression and cause emergency admissions for overdoses and deaths. Epidemiologically, hypnotic use is associated with cancer, falls, automobile accidents, and markedly increased overall mortality. This article considers the costs to hospitals and healthcare payers of hypnotic-induced infections and other severe consequences of hypnotic use. These are a probable cause of excessive hospital admissions, prolonged lengths of stay at increased costs, and increased readmissions. Accurate information is scanty, for in-hospital hypnotic benefits and risks have scarcely been studied -- certainly not the economic costs of inpatient adverse effects. Healthcare costs of outpatient adverse effects likewise need evaluation. In one example, use of hypnotics among depressed patients was strongly associated with higher healthcare costs and more short-term disability. A best estimate is that U.S. costs of hypnotic harms to healthcare systems are on the order of $55 billion, but conceivably as low as $10 billion or as high as $100 billion. More research is needed to more accurately assess unnecessary and excessive hypnotics costs to providers and insurers, as well as financial and health damages to the patients themselves.
Looking into Pandora's Box: The Content of Sci-Hub and its Usage
Authors: Greshake Bastian 
Published: April 2017

Despite the growth of Open Access, potentially illegally circumventing paywalls to access scholarly publications is becoming a more mainstream phenomenon. The web service Sci-Hub is amongst the biggest facilitators of this, offering free access to around 62 million publications. So far it is not well studied how and why its users are accessing publications through Sci-Hub. By utilizing the recently released corpus of Sci-Hub and comparing it to the data of ~28 million downloads done through the service, this study tries to address some of these questions. The comparative analysis shows that both the usage and complete corpus is largely made up of recently published articles, with users disproportionately favoring newer articles and 35% of downloaded articles being published after 2013. These results hint that embargo periods before publications become Open Access are frequently circumnavigated using Guerilla Open Access approaches like Sci-Hub. On a journal level, the downloads show a bias towards some scholarly disciplines, especially Chemistry, suggesting increased barriers to access for these. Comparing the use and corpus on a publisher level, it becomes clear that only 11% of publishers are highly requested in comparison to the baseline frequency, while 45% of all publishers are significantly less accessed than expected. Despite this, the oligopoly of publishers is even more remarkable on the level of content consumption, with 80% of all downloads being published through only 9 publishers. All of this suggests that Sci-Hub is used by different populations and for a number of different reasons, and that there is still a lack of access to the published scientific record. A further analysis of these openly available data resources will undoubtedly be valuable for the investigation of academic publishing.
Issues of the System Forecasting: Inversions Analysis
Authors: Севостьянов  , Sevostyanov D. 
Published: April 2017

The article analyzes common form of internal system
relations, specifically the inversions relationship. These relations
are a manifestation of the systemic contradictions between the
formal location of the element in the hierarchy and from its actual
role in it. In complex systems there are several organizing
principles. These have the potential to collide with each other, and
this causes the inversion in this system.
Lack of understanding of the mechanisms of development of inversions
leads to the fact that the system state is assessed as chaotic.
It is shown that knowledge of the conditions under which likely to
develop inverse relations, it is necessary for creating an adequate
picture of the system and preparation of a realistic forecast of its
further functioning.
Motivational Component of Teenagers’ Image of the Future
Authors: Солдатов  , Soldatov D. , Жильцова  , Zhiltsova O. 
Published: April 2017

The article reflects the results of the comparative empirical
research of the motivational component of the adolescents’
image of the future (temporal prospective), who live in different
&#34;social situations of development&#34;, namely growing up in a family
environment, and deprived from the family care. The empirical
study was conducted using the MIM techniques (J. Nutten) in
groups of adolescents contrast on the basis of place of residence
and education: in families or in state institutions (social orphanage,
boarding school, orphanage). The study revealed significant differences
in motivational tendencies in the contrast groups of adolescents.
The authors come to the conclusion that there consistently
appear specific motivational tendencies in adolescents left without
parental care, the ones that distort and inhibit personal growth,
creating risk of vital failure, and therefore require well-timed psychological
correction.
Criminalization of Youth Environment in Russia
Authors: Муслимов  , Muslimov Nestan 
Published: April 2017

The article considers the problem of criminalization of
the young generation in Russia. The importance of this issue is that,
increasingly among the younger population can meet deviant behavior.
Existing socio-economic problems in our country have a
negative impact on young people. Not being able to meet their
material needs in an honest way, the young generation chooses
criminal methods to achieve their goals. In the era of information
society the control of the youth becomes almost impossible.
Features of the Unfair Competition in Russia and Abroad
Authors: Быкова  , Bykova O. , Ольховская  , Ol'hovskaya M. , Сысоева  , Sysoeva A. 
Published: April 2017

The competition is the primary mechanism for modern market system. The competition serves as regulator. It motivates producer to introduce the newest methods and solutions, improve productivity and access to markets, to improve the production technology organization of work. The competition is a necessary attribute of an advanced economy. It is an incentive for improving the quality products, increased volume of productions, formation of feasible price, accurate advertising. At the same time, certain types of competition conflict with established business customs and traditions. The unfair competition was prohibited by law in the most countries. However, the methods of unfair competition are constantly improving, so making them more subtle and
sophisticated.
Коэффициент эффективности (DDREF) дозы и мощноcти доз: ненужные, спорные и противоречивые вопросы
Authors: Abel Julio , Abel Julio 
Published: April 2017

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to review the genesis and evolution of the concept termed dose and dose rate effectiveness factor or DDREF, to expose critiques on the concept and to suggest some curse of action on its use.
Material and methods: Mainly using the UNSCEAR reporting and ICRP recommendations as the main reference material, the paper describes the evolution (since the 70’s) of the conundrum of inferring radiation risk at low dose and dose-rate. People are usually exposed to radiation at much lower doses and dose rates than those for which quantitative evaluations of incidence of radiation effects are available – a situation that tempted experts to search for a factor relating the epidemiological attribution of effects at high doses and dose-rates with the subjective inference of risk at low doses and dose-rates. The formal introduction and mathematical formulation of the concept by UNSCEAR and ICRP (in the 90’s), is recalled. It is then underlined that the latest UNSCEAR radiation risk estimates did not use a DDREF concept, making it de facto unneeded for purposes of radiation risk attribution. The paper also summarizes the continuous use of the concept for radiation protection purposes and related concerns as well as some current public misunderstandings and apprehension on the DDREF (particularly the aftermath of the Fukushima Dai’ichi NPP accident). It finally discusses epistemological weaknesses of the concept itself.
Results: It seems that the DDREF has become superseded by scientific developments and its use has turned out to be unneeded for the purposes of radiation risk estimates. The concept also appears to be arguable for radiation protection purposes, visibly controversial and epistemologically questionable
Conclusions: It is suggested that: (i) the use of the DDREF can be definitely abandoned for radiation risk estimates; (ii) while recognizing that radiation protection has different purposes than radiation risk estimation, the discontinuation of using a DDREF for radiation protection might also be considered; (iii) for radiation exposure situations for which there are available epidemiological information that can be scientifically tested (namely which is confirmable and verifiable and therefore falsifiable), radiation risks should continue to be attributed in terms of frequentistic probabilities; and, (iv) for radiation exposure situations for which direct scientific evidence of effects is unavailable or unfeasible to obtain, radiation risks may need to be inferred on the basis of indirect evidence, scientific reasoning and professional judgment aimed at estimating their plausibility in terms of subjective probabilities.
Reducing Healthcare Costs Through Patient Targeting: Risk Adjustment Modeling to
Predict Patients Remaining High-Cost
Authors: Wrathall Jonathan A. , Belnap Tom 
Published: April 2017

Context: The transition to population health management has changed the healthcare
landscape to identify high risk, high cost patients. Various measures of patient risk
have attempted to identify likely candidates for care management programs. Pre-screening
patients for outreach has often required several years of data. Intermountain Healthcare
relied on cost-ranking algorithms which had limited predictive ability. A new
risk-adjusted algorithm shows improvements in predicting patients’ future cost status to
facilitate identifying patient eligibility for care management.Case Description: A
retrospective cohort study design was used to evaluate high-cost patient status for two
of the next three years. Modeling was developed using logistic regression and tested
against other decision tree methods. Key variables included those readily available in
electronic health records supplemented by additional clinical data and estimates of
socio-economic status.Findings: The risk-adjusted modeling correctly identified 79.0% of
patients ranking among the top 15% of costs in one of the next three years. In addition,
it correctly estimated 48.1% of the patients in the top 15% cost group in two of the
next three years. This method identified patients with higher medical costs and more
comorbid conditions than previous cost-ranking methods.Major Themes: This approach
improves the predictive accuracy of identifying high cost patients in the future and
increases the sensitivity of identifying at-risk patients. It also shortened data
requirements to identify eligibility criteria for case management
interventions.Conclusion: Risk-adjustment modeling may improve management programs’
interface with patients thus decreasing costs. This method may be generalized to other
healthcare settings.
Review Essay
Authors: Kornetis Kostis 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Stage of Emergency: Theater and Public Performance Under The Greek Military Dictatorship of 1967–1974, Gonda Van Steen (2015)
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 400 pp., ISBN: 9780198718321, £80

To ‘Provlima Neolaia’. Modernoi Neoi, Paradosi Kai Amfisvitisi Sti Metapolemiki Ellada (1964–1974)/‘Youth as a Problem’. Modern Youths, Tradition and Contestation in Post-War Greece (1964–1974), Kostas Katsapis (2013)
Athens: Aprovleptes Ekdoseis, 607 pp., ISBN: 9789609984737, 18.00€
Book Review
Authors: Kourniakti Jessica 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Otan Grafei to Molyvi: Politiki Via Kai Mnimi Sti Synchroni Elliniki Kai Italiki Pezografia/Inscribed in Lead: Political Violence and Memory in Contemporary Greek and Italian Prose, Vassiliki Petsa (2016)
Athens: Polis, 387 pp., ISBN: 9789604354979, Paperback, 26.00€
Two-Phase Free Boundary Problems: From Existence to Smoothness
Authors: De Silva Daniela , Ferrari Fausto , Salsa Sandro 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We describe the theory we developed in recent times concerning two-phasefree boundary problems governed by elliptic operators with forcing terms.Our results range from existence of viscosity solutions to smoothness ofboth solutions and free boundaries. We also discuss some open questions,possible object of future investigation.
Anthropometric and physical fitness parameters versus specific performance tests in Brazilian field hockey athletes: a pilot study
Authors: Lemos Raquel Silva , Paz Gabriel Andrade , Freitas Maia Marianna de , Baptista da Silva Jurandir , Lima Vicente Pinheiro , Brandão Pinto de Castro Juliana , Miranda Humberto 
Published: April 2017

SummaryStudy aim: To investigate the correlation between anthropometric parameters, Sargent jump test, core muscles endurance and agility performance versus specific tests with and without a ball in female Brazilian field hockey athletes.Material and methods: Nine professional female field hockey players (age: 27.4 ± 2.5 years) participated in this study. Body height, body weight, body fat percentage, Sargent jump test (SJT), shuttle run agility test (SR), core muscular endurance tests and sport-specific tests - repeated sprint ability test (RSA) and repeated sprint ability with the ball (RSAB) - were assessed in a randomized order.Results: A moderate correlation was noted between SR and RSAB (r = 0.58, p = 0.09) and RSA (r = 0.60, p = 0.08). In addition, a moderate correlation was noted between percentage of body fat with RSAB (r = 0.59, p = 0.09) and with RSA (r = 0.72, p = 0.08). The other variables showed slight agreement or no agreement.Conclusions: These results indicated that the SR could be implemented in training and evaluation programs of hockey athletes due to the correlation with specific tests. Thus, the percentage of body fat was the only anthropometric parameter that showed a correlation with the specific tests, revealing the importance of maintaining a proper percentage of body fat for better performance in hockey.
Lyapunov function for cosmological dynamical system
Authors: Szydłowski Marek , Krawiec Adam 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We prove the asymptotic global stability of the de Sitter solution in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker conservative and dissipative cosmology. In the proof we construct a Lyapunov function in an exact form and establish its relationship with the first integral of dynamical system determining evolution of the flat Universe. Our result is that de-Sitter solution is asymptotically stable solution for general form of equation of state p = (ρ, H), where dependence on the Hubble function H means that the effect of dissipation are included.
Influence of length and sensor positioning on acoustic time-of-flight (ToF) measurement in structural timber
Authors: Arriaga Francisco , Llana Daniel F. , Esteban Miguel , Íñiguez-González Guillermo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The mechanical properties of timber can be estimated from wave propagation velocity by measuring wave time-of-flight (ToF). However, a time-lag complicates the measurements, which produces an apparent velocity dependency on length and this species and instrument dependent property is also influenced by knottiness. This research is dealing with time-lag determination by different sensor positioning in situ ToF measurements. ToF longitudinal measurements were conducted on 120 90 mm×140 mm specimens of the coniferous species radiata pine, Scots pine, laricio pine and maritime pine. The following commercially available acoustic devices were used: Sylvatest Duo, USLab, and Microsecond Timer. The sensors were arranged for the measurement types “end-to-end”, “on the same surface” and “on opposite surfaces”. ToF data were obtained from the full-length (4 m) specimens and then from the same specimens shortened to 3 m, 2 m and 1 m in length. The in situ procedures of ToF are applicable for a reliable length determination independently from the time-lag (tL) and velocity. The differences observed by end-to-end measurements, with respect to velocity, are below 4.4%. A velocity correction factor can be deduced for each instrument, which is independent of species.
CFD Modeling of Flame Structures in a Gas Turbine Combustion Reactor: Velocity, Temperature, and Species Distribution
Authors: Bahramian Alireza , Maleki Mozhdeh , Medi Bijan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper presents the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of a gas turbine combustor with methane-air fuel at atmospheric pressure. The velocity fields, temperature profile and species distributions have been numerically studied. The mathematical combustion models, namely Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) model coupled with detailed kinetic mechanism, and Finite Rate/Eddy Dissipation (FR-ED) model coupled with a simple global kinetic mechanism, have been used in numerical analysis considering a two-step oxy-combustion reaction kinetics model. Moreover, a series of CFD results with consideration of EDC model have been obtained by two- and three-dimensional simulations. An error analysis showed that the 3-D simulation with EDC model can accurately predict the velocity components, temperature profile, and species distributions of the combustion process and allow detailed investigation of the flame structure. The CFD results are in agreement with the experimental data obtained from laser measurements.
Determination of Optimum Nitrogen and Potassium Levels for potato Production in Central high lands of Ethiopia
Authors: Shunka Egata , Chindi Abebe , Gebremedhin W. Giorgis , Seid Ebrahim , Tessema Lemma 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
To determine the required levels of nitrogen and potassium, an experiment was conducted at Holetta Agricultural Research Center and Jeldu sub Center from 2014-2015 using three factors (Jalenie, Gudenie and Belete potato varies; 87, 110, 133kg/ha nitrogen rates and 0, 34.5, 69, 103.5kg/ha potassium in the form of K2O levels) and as a completely randomized block design arrangement with three replications. In each location every year the 36 treatments (4 potassium oxide levels x 3 nitrogen levels x 3 varieties) were assigned in random combinations to 36 plots of one block in a random case which was replicated in to two additional blocks of different randomizations in order to make total of three replications/blocks. Data were analyzed by SAS software Version 9.2. Potassium rates significantly affected the total yield and marketable yield as compared to the control treatment. Application of potassium at 103.5 kg/ha produced significantly a higher marketable yield than all rates. As compared to Jeldu, the Holetta location produced the maximum highly significant yield and yield component. Interaction of potassium and nitrogen fertilizers affected marketable tuber numbers and plant height significantly. In 2014, Belete produced the highest (27.31 ton/ha) marketable yield at an application of 34.5 kg/ha potassium and 110 kg/ha nitrogen while Gudenie produced the highest (30.53 ton/ha) marketable yield at an application of 69 kg/ ha potassium and 110 kg/ha nitrogen rates in 2015. It is better to apply 69 kg/ha potassium and 110 kg/ha nitrogen to potato production for reasonable yield at sites similar to experimental locations. It can be concluded that, interaction of nitrogen and potassium rates significantly affected plant height and marketable tuber numbers.
Liposomes as colloidal nanovehicles: on the road to success in intravenous drug delivery
Authors: Naeem Sumaira , Viswanathan Geetha , Misran Misni Bin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The advancement of research in colloidal systems has led to the increased application of this technology in more effective and targeted drug delivery. Nanotechnology enables control over functionality parameters and allows innovations in biodegradable, biocompatible, and stimuli-responsive delivery systems. The first closed bilayer phospholipid system, the liposome system, has been making steady progress over five decades of extensive research and has been efficient in achieving many desirable parameters such as remote drug loading, size-controlling measures, longer circulation half-lives, and triggered release. Liposome-mediated drug delivery has been successful in overcoming obstacles to cellular and tissue uptake of drugs with improved biodistribution in vitro and in vivo. These colloidal nanovehicles have moved on from a mere concept to clinical applications in various drug delivery systems for antifungal, antibiotic, and anticancer drugs.
Judicial Behavior and Devolution at the Privy Council
Authors: Amaral-Garcia Sofia , Garoupa Nuno 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this article, we study judicial behavior at the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC). British judges in general, and British high court judges in particular, are perceived to be independent and isolated from political pressure and interference. Furthermore, these judges tend to show a particularly high rate of consensus. This has led many scholars to consider that, contrarily to what holds for several other courts around the world (such as the US Supreme Court), the attitudinal model does not find support when British higher court judges are considered. In this paper we assess whether similar conclusions might be drawn from the JCPC, another British court of last resort. We create a unique dataset to study empirically decisions of the JCPC and investigate the extent to which judges exhibit different judicial behavior depending on the type of appeal being brought to the court,
Wave propagation in functionally graded piezoelectric-piezomagnetic rectangular bars
Authors: Zhang Bo , Yu Jiangong , Shah Abid A. , Yang Xiaodong 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In recent years, guided wave propagation in piezoelectric-piezomagnetic composite (PPC) structures are paid much attention for the design and optimization of PPC transducers. Previous investigations are mainly limited in horizontally infinite flat plates, axially infinite hollow cylinders, and so on. They are all one-dimensional model structures, i.e. structures having variable displacement field in only one direction, and the other two displacement fields are both constant. In this paper, a double orthogonal polynomial series approach is proposed to solve the guided wave in two-dimensional model structures, namely, a functionally graded piezoelectric-piezomagnetic (FGPP) bar with a rectangular cross section. The validity of the double polynomial approach is illustrated by the comparison with the available reference results for a pure elastic homogeneous rectangular bar. The guided wave characteristics, including dispersion curves and mechanical displacement distributions, are discussed by calculating various FGPP rectangular bars.