bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new organotypic model of synaptic competition reveals activity-dependent localization of C1q
Authors: Koyama Ryuta , Wu Yuwen , Bialas Allison R. , Thompson Andrew , Welsh Christina A. , Frouin Arnaud , Chen Chinfei , Stevens Beth 
Published: March 2017

AbstractImmature neural circuits undergo synaptic refinement, in which activity-dependent competition between synapses results in pruning of inappropriate connections and maintenance of appropriate ones. A longstanding question is how neuronal activity eliminates specific synapses based on their strength. The technical challenges ofin vivostudies have made it difficult to identify a molecular link between decreased activity and synapse elimination. We developed an organotypic coculture model of the mouse retinogeniculate system that facilitates real-time imaging and elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the removal of less active synapses during synaptic competition. Using this model we show for the first time that complement component C1q is necessary for activity-dependent synaptic competition and preferentially localizes to less active, competing presynaptic inputs. In conjunction with classicin vivoandex vivomodels, this coculture model is a new tool to reveal molecular pathways underlying CNS circuit refinement.
Waveform relaxation–Newton method to determine steady state of an electromagnetic structure
Authors: Caron Guillaume , Henneron Thomas , Piriou Francis , Mipo Jean-Claude 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to determine the steady state of an electromagnetic structure using the finite element method (FEM) without calculation of the transient state. The proposed method permits to reduce the computation time if the transient state is important.

Design/methodology/approach
In the case of coupling magnetic and electric circuit equations to obtain the steady state with periodic conditions, an approach can be to discretise the time with periodic conditions and to solve the equation system. Unfortunately, the computation time can be prohibitive. In this paper, the authors proposed to use the waveform relaxation method associated with the Newton method to accelerate the convergence.

Findings
The obtained results show that the proposed approach is efficient if the transient state is important. On the contrary, if the transient state is very low, it is preferable to use the classical approach, namely, the time-stepping FEM.

Research limitations/implications
The main limitation of the proposed approach is the necessity to evaluate or to know the time constant and consequently the duration of the transient state. Moreover the method requires some important memory resources.

Practical/implications
In the context of the use of the time-stepping FEM, one of the problems is the computation time which can be important to obtain the steady state. The proposed method permits avoidance of this difficulty and directly gives the steady state.

Social/implications
The proposed approach will permit to model and study the electromagnetic systems in the steady state, and particularly the transformers. Because of the gain in computing time, the use of optimisation techniques will be facilitated.

Originality/value
The novelty of this study is the proposal of the waveform relaxation–Newton method to directly obtain the steady state when applied to the three-phase transformer.
Eddy current sensor simulation
Authors: Bulic Neven , Šušnjic Livio 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to present a simulation concept and an experimental verification of a novel sensor design for the shaft position measurement based on the eddy current principle and the phase-shift measurement. The simulation method for the sensor characteristic determination is presented. Possible application of a new sensor type is theoretically presented, verified in simulation and compared with experimental results.

Design/methodology/approach
Sensor is based on the injection-locking phenomenon between coupled oscillators. Only one sensor per axis is used for position measurement. A pair of the sensing and reference oscillators in the sensor is electrically coupled via the coupling resistor. A change in the inductance for the eddy current sensor is simulated in the finite element method (FEM) software Flux and behavior of the sensor circuit is simulated in the SPICE simulator software LTSpice program. Finally, the simulation results are compared with the measurements conducted on the laboratory test rig.

Findings
A novelty in this approach is the usage of only one sensor per axis compared to the well-known differential measurement of the position that uses the opposite pair of the sensing oscillators in the same axis. A methodology for the sensor characteristic determination is presented and experimentally verified.

Originality/value
A new variation of a coupled-oscillator eddy current sensor design is introduced. A simulation approach for the characteristic determination of the sensors based on the weakly coupled oscillators and the injection-locking mechanism is presented.
Comparative analysis of the three- and six-phase fractional slot concentrated winding permanent magnet machines
Authors: Jedryczka Cezary 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse and compare the functional parameters of three- and six-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) with fractional-slot concentrated windings (FSCW).

Design/methodology/approach
The investigations are focused on the comparison of the distortions of back electromotive force (emf) and magnetomotive force (mmf) waveforms, as well as torque ripples, radial force spatial harmonics and motor performance studies. The finite element models of the test machine and a personally developed computer code have been used to calculate motor characteristics and analyse and synthesise multiphase winding layouts, respectively.

Findings
Compared with the traditional three-phase PMSM designs, the proposed six-phase machines are characterized by a significantly lower content of sub-harmonics in mmf waveform distribution. Moreover, the investigated six-phase machines exhibited a higher average value of electromagnetic torque, significantly lower torque ripples and a reduced value of low-order harmonics of the radial component of the electromagnetic force in the air-gap of the machine.

Originality/value
The analyses presented in this paper show that six-phase PMSM with FSCWs are advantageous to their counterpart three-phase machines. Specifically, they are more suited to working with multiple drives supplying a segmented winding system while simultaneously offering higher performance. This suitability to the use of a multi-drive supply for one motor offers flexibility and cost reduction while increasing the fault tolerance of a power train system.
A robust finite volume method for three-dimensional filling simulation of plastic injection molding
Authors: Liang Junjie , Luo Wan , Huang Zhigao , Zhou Huamin , Zhang Yun , Zhang Yi , Fu Yang 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a finite volume approach for the simulation of three-dimensional two-phase (polymer melt and air) flow in plastic injection molding which is capable of robustly handling the mesh non-orthogonality and the discontinuities in fluid properties.

Design/methodology/approach
The presented numerical method is based on a cell-centered unstructured finite volume discretization with a volume-of-fluid technique for interface capturing. The over-relaxed approach is adopted to handle the non-orthogonality involved in the discretization of the face normal derivatives to enhance the robustness of the solutions on non-orthogonal meshes. A novel interpolation method for the face pressure is derived to address the numerical stability issues resulting from the density and viscosity discontinuities at the melt–air interface. Various test cases are conducted to evaluate the proposed method.

Findings
The presented method was shown to be satisfactorily accurate by comparing simulations with analytical and experimental results. Besides, the effectiveness of the proposed face pressure interpolation method was verified by numerical examples of a two-phase flow problem with various density and viscosity ratios. The proposed method was also successfully applied to the simulation of a practical filling case.

Originality/value
The proposed finite volume approach is more tolerant of non-orthogonal meshes and the discontinuities in fluid properties for two-phase flow simulation; therefore, it is valuable for engineers in engineering computations.
MHD nanofluid flow through a deformable asymmetric porous channel
Authors: Ahmed Naveed , Khan Umar , Mohyud-din Syed Tauseef 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The aim of this manuscript is to study the flow of a nanofluid through a porous channel under the influence of a transverse magnetic field. Permeability of the walls is considered to be different, which results in an asymmetric nature of the flow. The height of the channel is variable, and it dilates or squeezes at a uniform rate.

Design/methodology/approach
A numerical solution (Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg) has been obtained after reducing the governing equations to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using some suitable similarity transforms, both in time and space.

Findings
An increase in absolute values of the permeability parameter results in an enhanced mass transfer rate at both the walls, while the rate of heat transfer also increases at the lower wall. Few graphs are also dedicated to see the behavior of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers following the variations in flow parameters.

Originality/value
A pictorial description of the flow and effects of emerging parameters on the temperature and nanoparticle concentration profiles is presented to analyze the flow behavior. It is established that the asymmetry of the channel affects the flow quite significantly.
Double position sensitive detectors (PSDs) based measurement system of trajectory tracking of a moving target
Authors: Lu Xiaohong , Jia Zhenyuan , Hu Xiaochen , Wang Wentao 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to achieve the trajectory tracking measurement of a moving target based on double position sensitive detectors (PSDs).

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, first, a double PSD-based measurement system including hardware system and software system is built up. Then, the working principle is studied to calculate parameters, and calibration experience is conducted. Finally, this double PSD-based measurement system is used to test angular displacement and axial displacement on the tool magazine and automatic tool changer.

Findings
In the experiment, the maximum position error of a space point based on double PSD measurement system is 0.8566 mm, and the average error is 0.4716 mm. These results show that the built double PSD-based measurement system of trajectory tracking of a moving target is reasonable.

Originality/value
Combining the characteristics of the PSD and principles of binocular visual measurement, a non-contact three-dimensional measuring system based on double PSDs is developed. The designed double-based measurement system is quite suitable for measurement of a fast-changing illuminant or in the case that the tracking accuracy is not tight.
Boundary layer flow of a dusty fluid over a permeable shrinking surface
Authors: Hamid Rohana Abdul , Nazar Roslinda , Pop Ioan 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to numerically study the boundary layer problem for the case of two-dimensional flow of dusty fluid over a shrinking surface in the presence of the fluid suction at the surface.

Design/methodology/approach
The governing equations of the problem are reduced to the system of ordinary differential equations using the similarity transformation and then solved using the bvp4c method in the Matlab software.

Findings
The effects of the drag coefficient parameter L, the fluid–particle interaction parameter δ, the suction parameter s and the particle loading parameter ω on the flow of the permeable shrinking sheet are investigated. It is found that the aforementioned parameters have different effects in the shrinking sheet flow. This study has also succeeded in discovering the second solution, and through the stability analysis, it is suggested that the solution is unstable and not physically realizable in practice.

Practical implications
The current findings add to a growing body of literature on the boundary layer problem in the dusty fluid. The dusty fluid is significant in various practical applications such as in the transporting suspended powdered materials through pipes, propulsion and combustion in rockets, the flow of blood in arteries, wastewater treatment and as corrosive particles in engine oil flow.

Originality/value
Even though the dusty fluid problem has been extensively studied in the flow of the stretching sheet, limited findings can be found over a shrinking flow. In fact, this is the first study to discover the second solution in the dusty fluid problem.
Computational fluid dynamics based study for analyzing heat transfer and friction factor in semi-circular rib-roughened equilateral triangular duct
Authors: Kumar Rajneesh , Kumar Anoop , Varun Varun 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based study on semicircular rib-roughened equilateral triangular duct is to investigate heat transfer, friction factor and thermohydraulic performance parameter. The analysis is carried out by simulating problem in ANSYS (Fluent). The Reynolds number in the study varies from 4,000 to 24,000. Nusselt number is calculated for different Reynolds number using various turbulent models available in ANSYS (Fluent) for a smooth duct and compared the results with the Dittus–Boelter correlation.

Design/methodology/approach
The analysis has been done by solving basic fluid governing equations (continuity, momentum and energy) by using finite volume method (FVM). The semicircular ribs were fabricated on the absorber plate. The constant amount of heat flux is applied on the absorber plate, whereas other two walls are made adiabatic. The semi-implicit method for pressure linked equations (SIMPLE) algorithm is used with pressure–velocity-coupled disretization to estimate the results. The selection of turbulent model has been done on the basis of Nusselt number prediction in the smooth duct.

Findings
The renormalization-group k − ε model predicts the Nusselt number more accurately as compared to standard k − ε model, standard k − ω model, shear stress transport (SST) k − ω and realizable k − ε model in the Reynolds number ranges from 4,000 to 24,000 with a ± 5.5% deviation from Dittus–Boelter equation for smooth duct. The maximum thermo-hydraulic performance is observed of the order of 1.7 for arrangement which has a relative roughness height of 0.067 and relative roughness pitch of 7.5 at higher Reynolds Number of 24,000.

Originality/value
Although, many experimental studies are available in the area of rib-roughened ducts, the present study is based on CFD analysis of semicircular rib-roughened equilateral triangular duct and the results are predicted in terms of Nusselt number, friction factor and thermohydraulic performance parameter. Moreover, the predicted result of Nusselt number and friction factor is validated by comparing with Dittus–Boelter correlation and modified Blasius equation, respectively. This advantage made Fluent a powerful tool for analyzing the internal fluid flow through roughened ducts.
Natural convection in a partially heated wavy cavity filled with a nanofluid using Buongiorno’s nanofluid model
Authors: Pop Ioan , Sheremet Mikhail , Cimpean Dalia Sabina 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The main purpose of this numerical study is to provide a solution for natural convection in a partially heated, wavy cavity filled with a nanofluid using Buongiorno’s nanofluid model.

Design/methodology/approach
The domain of interest is a two-dimensional cavity bounded by an isothermal left wavy wall, adiabatic horizontal flat walls and right flat wall with a partial isothermal zone. To study the behaviour of the nanofluid, a two-phase Buongiorno mathematical model with the effects of the Brownian motion and thermophoresis is used. The governing dimensionless partial differential equations with corresponding boundary conditions were numerically solved by the finite difference method of the second-order accuracy using the algebraic transformation of the physical wavy cavity in a computational rectangular domain. The study has been conducted using the following values of the governing parameters: Ra = 104-106, Le = 10, Pr = 6.26, Nr = 0.1, Nb = 0.1, Nt = 0.1, A = 1, κ = 1-3, b = 0.2, hhs/L = 0.25, h1/L = 0.0-0.75 and τ = 0-0.25.

Findings
It is found that an increase in the undulation number leads to a weak intensification of convective flow and a reduction of
Nū because of more essential cooling of the wavy troughs where the temperature gradient decreases. Variations of the heater location show a modification of the fluid flow and heat transfer. The upper position of the heater reflects the minimum heat transfer rate, while the position between the bottom part and the middle section (h1/L = 0.25) characterizes an enhancement of heat transfer.

Originality/value
The originality of this work is to analyse the natural convection in a partially heated wavy cavity filled by a nanofluid using Buongiorno’s nanofluid model. The results will benefit scientists and engineers to become familiar with the flow behaviour of such nanofluids, and the way to predict the properties of this flow for possibility of using nanofluids in advanced nuclear systems, in industrial sectors including transportation, power generation, chemical sectors, ventilation, air-conditioning, etc.
An unlikely destination
Authors: Israel Marla , Goldberger Nancy , Vera Elizabeth , Heineke Amy 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe a university-multi-school district partnership that positively affected the lives of P-12 immigrant, migrant and refugee students and their parents through an iterative collaboration of talent and resources among institutions.

Design/methodology/approach
This is a case study describing a university-school partnership grant-funded program detailing the processes, products, and implications for policy and practice.

Findings
University faculty and public school educators must work through intentional, contextually informed partnerships. It is through these partnerships that scarce resources of time, talent, and funds can be used wisely to build sustainable systems to educate students in K-12 schools and prepare future leaders for this work.

Research limitations/implications
This is a case study limited to the suburban Chicagoland area. Generalities to other communities cannot be directly made.

Originality/value
This study builds on the extant literature of university-school district partnerships and sustainable leadership theory by exploring the processes for creating iterative and individualized structures that benefit both university and public school districts. This study implores universities to re-examine priorities and purpose, especially within schools and colleges of education, in order to remain viable, relevant institutions for positive school improvement.
Effective school leadership and New York City’s immigrant and migrant children: a study
Authors: Watson Terri Nicol 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper provides insight into the effective education of immigrant and migrant children: many of whom are classified in New York City’s public schools as English language learners. It also highlights the ways in which New York City prepares school leaders and the policies that govern their actions.

Design/methodology/approach
Literature review.

Findings
The practices of New York City’s school leaders are governed by the Chancellor’s Regulations. These comprehensive mandates consist of four components and address issues related to students in grades K-12, school-based budgets, personnel matters, and parent and community engagement. In relation to students, including those classified as immigrant, migrant, and English language learners the Chancellor’s Regulation A-101 makes it clear: children may not be refused admission to a public school because of race, color, creed, national origin, gender, gender identity, pregnancy, immigration/citizenship status, disability, sexual orientation, religion, or ethnicity.

Research limitations/implications
Implications for future research: How can school leaders (and educational activists) continue to support and advocate for immigrant and migrant children under the presidency of Donald J. Trump.

Practical implications
Knowledge gleaned from this study may be of use to schools, districts, and educational leaders in the USA and abroad faced with similar demographic trends.

Social implications
This manuscript examined the ways in which The City University of New York prepares school leaders, the required State exams for school leaders, and the educational policies that govern the practices of New York City’s school leaders that are germane to English language learners.

Originality/value
This review of the literature may study may be of use to schools, districts, and educational leaders in the USA and abroad.
Maternal health services: an equal or framed territory?
Authors: Topa Joana Bessa , Nogueira Conceição Oliveira , Neves Sofia Antunes 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Despite the high prevalence of immigrant women at the national level, studies on migration have been indifferent to the gender perspective. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the engagement of Ukrainian immigrant women, one of the most expressive nationalities of female immigration in Portugal, on maternal and child healthcare services, exploring their perceptions and experiences in these contexts.

Design/methodology/approach
On the basis of critical and social constructionism assumptions, this research focusses on discourse. Assuming that immigrant women have access to different resources, as well as different competences to interpret and intervene within the context they are in (Topa et al., 2010; UNFPA, 2006), the best method to deeply understand their experiences was to analyse how discourse is organized and how it creates and produces meanings that become practices (Nogueira, 2001a). The present study adopted a qualitative methodology for collecting (semi-structured interviews) and analysing the data (thematic analysis) and was based on discourses of ten Ukrainian women, living in the metropolitan area of Oporto, who were pregnant or were mothers in Portugal.

Findings
Ukrainian women were misinformed about their legal rights and free access to maternal health services. Some dissatisfaction emerges among them with regard to the quality of information provided by health professionals and their communication skills. Their opinion is that they are given limited access to medical specialties, especially in primary care and that their doubts are inappropriately clarified during medical appointments.

Originality/value
This research also argues that cultural and intersectional considerations are fundamental to promote inclusive health policies for immigrants.