bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of implantable cardioverter defibrillator failures during radiation therapy in three Sydney hospitals
Authors: Hudson Felicity J , Ryan Elaine A 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionIn recent years, using radiation energies greater than 10 MV in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) has been contra‐indicated due to the risk of a power on reset (POR) occurring. The ICD is often greater than 30 cm from the treatment field and subject to scatter radiation only. The aim of this study was to use recent patient cases to verify published failure rates and treatment recommendations.MethodFive patients with ICDs who experienced a device malfunction during radiation therapy treatments were identified in three Sydney hospitals between 2008 and 2012. The types of treatments delivered during these events were assessed. Further assessment of all ICD patients at one Sydney hospital during this time was carried out to assess the rate of ICD failure during high energy treatments using 18 MV.ResultsAll ICDs that suffered malfunctions were exposed to scatter radiation only. All were exposed to partial or exclusive irradiation using 18 MV photons. Accumulated doses to the ICDs were estimated to be well below accepted dose limits found in literature. One centre reported a 22.2% rate of POR during exposure to 18 MV radiation therapy during this time frame.ConclusionsWhere possible, radiation therapy using energies greater than 10 MV should be avoided for ICD patients. While the use of these energies carries a risk of failure, it must be weighed against potential benefit to the patient requiring treatment if no alternatives are available. Stringent monitoring of these patients, including regular cardiac device checks and ECG monitoring is recommended if treatment is to proceed with energies greater than 10 MV.
Fly Fishing as Religion: Literature as a Form of Public Consciousness
Authors: Fife Wayne 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFocusing on the question of how to be in the world, ontological religion often comes in forms that look very little like our standard expectations for religious institutions. Intuitive, experiential, and often taking a mystical bent, this direct kind of religious practice nevertheless needs guideposts for its participants. The literature of fly fishing serves as one such guidepost, offering a forum for a kind of spiritual public consciousness that can be drawn upon at will by those who seek it. This article explores the parallels between fly fishing, its literature, and the kinds of spiritual statements that are regularly found among religious practitioners who are most concerned with questions about how to live. I am arguing here that fly fishing literature forms an implicit repository for a religious form of consciousness and a religious way of being in the world.
Conceptual Systems Theory: A Neglected Perspective for the Anthropology of Consciousness
Authors: Laughlin Charles D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAs anthropology becomes more interested in consciousness and its numerous states, and with a slowly increasing appeal to neuroscience for insights and explanations of consciousness, there is an understandable interest in the components of consciousness and how they combine into alternative states in different sociocultural settings. One of those components should be the complexity of information processing producing the knowing aspect of consciousness. The author introduces an approach to this aspect in the form of conceptual systems theory (CST), a neo‐Piagetian model of cognitive development, which has been used to good effect to explain information processing in social situations but heretofore neglected by anthropologists. The neuroanthropological underpinnings of CST are discussed, as is the range of potential applications to ethnological and ethnographic problems.
Fatalism, the Self, Intentionality, and Signs of Ill Portent in Quintana Roo, Mexico
Authors: Callahan Robey 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSevere illnesses and sudden deaths are all too common occurrences in the lives of the Maya of the Yucatán Peninsula, so it is perhaps no surprise that, as a people, they tend to be rather fatalistic. Maya fatalism finds one of its most prominent expressions in the tamax chi'—a type of omen that speaks of impending suffering, usually of a terminal nature, for a member of one's close family. In terms of components and mechanics, however, a tamax chi' is actually something more than a mere kin‐doom sign; it forms part of a hybrid, if somewhat limited, cultural self, one of whose key functions seems to be helping people cope. Through recourse to Goffman () speaker roles and Danziger's (2013) hearer roles and through analysis of data derived from years of research in the region, I also demonstrate its relevance to more general understandings of self and intentionality.
Assessment of continuous pain in newborns admitted to NICUs in 18 European countries
Authors: Anand Kanwaljeet J. S. , Eriksson Mats , Boyle Elaine M. , Avila‐Alvarez Alejandro , Andersen Randi Dovland , Sarafidis Kosmas , Polkki Tarja , Matos Cristina , Lago Paola , Papadouri Thalia , Attard‐Montalto Simon , Ilmoja Mari‐Liis , Simons Sinno , Tameliene Rasa , van Overmeire Bart , Berger Angelika , Dobrzanska Anna , Schroth Michael , Bergqvist Lena , Courtois Emilie , Rousseau Jessica , Carbajal Ricardo ,   the EUROPAIN survey working group of the NeoOpioid Consortium
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimContinuous pain occurs routinely, even after invasive procedures, or inflammation and surgery, but clinical practices associated with assessments of continuous pain remain unknown.MethodsA prospective cohort study in 243 neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) from 18 European countries recorded the frequency of pain assessments, use of mechanical ventilation, sedation, analgesia or neuromuscular blockade for each neonate for up to 28 days after NICU admission.ResultsOnly 2113 of 6648 (31.8%) of neonates received assessments of continuous pain, occurring variably among tracheal ventilation (TrV, 46.0%), noninvasive ventilation (NiV, 35.0%) and no ventilation (NoV, 20.1%) groups (p < 0.001). Daily assessments for continuous pain occurred in only 10.4% of all neonates (TrV: 14.0%, NiV: 10.7%, NoV: 7.6%; p < 0.001). More frequent assessments of continuous pain occurred in NICUs with pain guidelines, nursing champions and surgical admissions (all p < 0.01), and for newborns <32 weeks gestational age, those requiring ventilation, or opioids, sedatives‐hypnotics, general anaesthetics (O–SH–GA) (all p < 0.001), or surgery (p = 0.028). Use of O–SH–GA drugs increased the odds for pain assessment in the TrV (OR:1.60, p < 0.001) and NiV groups (OR:1.40, p < 0.001).ConclusionAssessments of continuous pain occurred in less than one‐third of NICU admissions and daily in only 10% of neonates. NICU clinical practices should consider including routine assessments of continuous pain in newborns.
Editorial: ONO‐2952 in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea – authors’ reply
Authors: Whitehead W. E. , Duffy K. , Sharpe J. , Nabata T. , Bruce M. 
Published: March 2017

Linked ContentThis article should be linked to Nee and Lembo, and W. E. Whitehead et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13920 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13839.
Letter: changes in FIB‐4 cut‐off points for viral hepatitis – authors’ reply
Authors: Surana P. , Takyar V. , Koh C. 
Published: March 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Kayadibi and Takyar et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13956 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13834.
Editorial: metabolic adaptation of colonic microbiota to galactooligosaccharides – good news for prebiotics in irritable bowel syndrome?
Authors: Staudacher H. M. , Cox S. R. 
Published: March 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Mego et al and Manichanh and Accarino papers. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13931.
Bayesian Population Finding with Biomarkers in a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Morita Satoshi , Müller Peter 
Published: March 2017

Summary
The identification of good predictive biomarkers allows investigators to optimize the target population for a new treatment. We propose a novel utility-based Bayesian population finding (BaPoFi) method to analyze data from a randomized clinical trial with the aim of finding a sensitive patient population. Our approach is based on casting the population finding process as a formal decision problem together with a flexible probability model, Bayesian additive regression trees (BART), to summarize observed data. The proposed method evaluates enhanced treatment effects in patient subpopulations based on counter-factual modeling of responses to new treatment and control for each patient. In extensive simulation studies, we examine the operating characteristics of the proposed method. We compare with a Bayesian regression-based method that implements shrinkage estimates of subgroup-specific treatment effects. For illustration, we apply the proposed method to data from a randomized clinical trial.
Might Corporate Social Responsibility Hollow Out Support for Public Assistance in Europe?
Authors: Burgoon Brian , Fransen Luc 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article explores whether private regulatory activity to promote labour and social standards might hollow out traditional public regulations to provide welfare and labour protection at home and abroad. Such exploration has hitherto been frustrated by empirical limitations of measures of private regulatory activity and its implications for public regulation. The present article extends those limits by focusing on how new measures of labour‐related private regulation affect attitudes in 27 European polities towards welfare redistribution and for foreign assistance. Our analysis suggests that private‐regulatory CSR promoting labour and social standards may directly and indirectly diminish public support for domestic welfare redistribution, but appears to have little effect on support for foreign aid. We see, hence, possible crowding‐out only with respect to domestic, not international, assistance.
The anti‐hepatic fibrosis effects of dihydrotanshinone I are mediated by disrupting the yes‐associated protein and transcriptional enhancer factor D2 complex and stimulating autophagy
Authors: Ge Maoxu , Liu Hong , Zhang Yixuan , Li Naren , Zhao Shuangshuang , Zhao Wuli , Zhen Yongzhan , Yu Jianzhong , He Hongwei , Shao Rong‐guang 
Published: March 2017

Background and PurposeDihydrotanshinone I (DHI), a lipophilic component of traditional Chinese medicine Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, has various therapeutic effects. We investigated the anti‐fibrotic effect of DHI and its underlying mechanisms in vitro and in vivo.Experimental ApproachRats subjected to bile duct ligation (BDL) were treated with DHI (25 mg·kg−1·day−1, i.p.) for 14 days. Serum biochemical and liver tissue morphological analyses were performed. The human hepatic stellate cell line LX‐2 served as a liver fibrosis model in vitro. Liver fibrogenic genes, yes‐associated protein (YAP) downstream genes and autophagy markers were examined using western blot and real‐time PCR analyses. Similar analyses were done in rat primary hepatic stellate cells (pHSCs). Autophagy flux was assessed by immunofluorescence.Key ResultsIn BDL rats, DHI administration attenuated liver necrosis, bile duct proliferation and collagen accumulation and reduced the expression of genes associated with fibrogenesis, including Tgfb1, Mmp‐2, Acta2 and Col1a1. DHI (1, 5, 10 μmol·L−1) time‐ and dose‐dependently suppressed the protein level of COL1A1, TGFβ1 and α‐SMA in LX‐2 cells and rat pHSCs. Furthermore, DHI blocked the nuclear translocation of YAP, which inhibited the YAP/TEAD2 interaction and its downstream fibrogenic genes, connective tissue growth factor, SOX4 and survivin. This stimulated autophagic flux and accelerated the degradation of liver collagen.Conclusions and ImplicationsDHI exerts anti‐fibrotic effects in BDL rats, LX‐2 cells and rat pHSCs by inhibiting the YAP and TEAD2 complex and stimulating autophagy. These findings indicate that DHI may be a potential therapeutic for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Randomized phase II study of nab‐paclitaxel as first‐line chemotherapy in patients with HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Tamura Kenji , Inoue Kenichi , Masuda Norikazu , Takao Shintaro , Kashiwaba Masahiro , Tokuda Yutaka , Iwata Hiroji , Yamamoto Naohito , Aogi Kenjiro , Saeki Toshiaki , Nakayama Takahiro , Sato Nobuaki , Toyama Tatsuya , Ishida Takanori , Arioka Hitoshi , Saito Mitsue , Ohno Shinji , Yamauchi Hideko , Yamada Kimito , Watanabe Junichiro , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Fujiwara Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2017

Weekly administration of nanoparticle albumin‐bound paclitaxel (nab‐paclitaxel) has been shown to be a safe and effective treatment for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in clinical studies. We conducted a multicenter, randomized, open‐label phase II study to compare the efficacy and safety of weekly nab‐paclitaxel and docetaxel in Japanese patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative MBC. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Patients were randomized to receive nab‐paclitaxel (150 mg/m2 nab‐paclitaxel once per week for 3 of 4 weeks; n = 100) or docetaxel (75 mg/m2 docetaxel every 3 weeks; n = 100). The median PFS by independent radiologist assessment was 9.8 months (90% confidence interval [CI]: 8.5–11.2) for nab‐paclitaxel and 11.2 months (90% CI: 8.4–13.8) for docetaxel (hazard ratio: 1.25, P = 0.363), and the median overall survival was 42.4 months and 34.0 months, respectively. The overall response rate was 56.1% for nab‐paclitaxel and 52.5% for docetaxel. Adverse events in both treatment arms were similar to previous reports. Neutropenia was the most common adverse event in both arms, with 35.0% of patients in the nab‐paclitaxel arm and 89.0% in the docetaxel arm experiencing grade 4 neutropenia. Grade 3 peripheral sensory neuropathy occurred in 22.0% of patients in the nab‐paclitaxel and 5.0% in the docetaxel arm. In this study, although weekly nab‐paclitaxel 150 mg/m2 did not show superiority in PFS compared with docetaxel, efficacy outcomes were similar in patients treated with weekly nab‐paclitaxel and docetaxel.
Interferon-α coincides with suppressed levels of pentraxin-3 (PTX3) in systemic lupus erythematosus and regulates leucocyte PTX3 in vitro
Authors: Wirestam L , Enocsson H , Skogh T , Eloranta M L , Rönnblom L , Sjöwall C , Wetterö J 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Dysfunctional elimination of cell debris, and the role of opsonins such as pentraxins, is of interest regarding systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. Interferon (IFN)-α is typically elevated during SLE flares, and inhibits hepatocyte production of the pentraxin ‘C-reactive protein’ (CRP), partly explaining the poor correlation between CRP levels and SLE disease activity. The extrahepatically produced ‘pentraxin 3’ (PTX3) shares waste disposal functions with CRP, but has not been studied extensively in SLE. We analysed serum PTX3 in SLE, and assessed its interference with IFN-α in vitro. Serum samples from 243 patients with SLE and 100 blood donors were analysed regarding PTX3. Patient sera were analysed for IFN-α, and genotyped for three PTX3 single nucleotide polymorphisms reported previously to associate with PTX3 levels. Stimulated PTX3 release was assessed in the presence or absence of IFN-α in blood donor neutrophils and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Serum PTX3 was 44% lower in patients with SLE compared to blood donors (P &lt; 0·0001) and correlated with leucocyte variables. Patients with undetectable IFN-α had 29% higher median PTX3 level than patients with detectable IFN-α (P = 0·01). PTX3 production by PBMC was inhibited by IFN-α, whereas neutrophil degranulation of PTX3 was increased. No differences in PTX3 levels were observed between the SNPs. In conclusion, median serum PTX3 is lower in SLE (especially when IFN-α is detectable) compared to blood donors. In addition to its potential consumption during waste disposal, it is plausible that IFN-α also attenuates PTX3 by inhibiting synthesis by PBMC and/or exhausting PTX3 storage in neutrophil granules.
Human limbal neurospheres prevent photoreceptor cell death in a rat model of retinal degeneration
Authors: McLenachan Samuel , Zhang Dan , Hao Erwei , Zhang Ling , Chen Shang‐Chih , Chen Fred K 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe culture of retinal progenitors from an accessible adult stem cell source such as the limbus could provide a useful autologous source of retinal cell therapies. The human corneoscleral limbus contains multipotent stem cells that can be cultured as floating neurospheres. Previous work in rodents has demonstrated neuronal and photoreceptor differentiation from limbal neurosphere cultures. Here, this study has examined undifferentiated cultured adult human limbal neurospheres as donor cells for retinal cell therapies by transplantation into a rat model of retinal degeneration.MethodsGene expression in limbal neurospheres was examined by immunostaining and western blot. Human limbal neurospheres were transplanted into the subretinal space of Royal College of Surgeon's rats. Rats were monitored by optical coherence tomography for 6 weeks then processed for retinal histology.ResultsHuman limbal neurospheres expressed the neural lineage markers, Nestin, sex determining region box‐2 and N‐cadherin, and the retinal transcription factors microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor, sex determining region box‐2 and orthodentical homeobox‐2. Human limbal neurospheres could be cultured to express NeuN, neurofilament and rhodopsin. Rats receiving saline or no injection underwent complete degeneration of the retinal outer nuclear layer after 3 weeks. In contrast, rats injected with human limbal neurospheres or retinal pigment epithelial cells maintained the outer nuclear layer for up to 6 weeks. Gene expression in transplanted limbal neurospheres was inconsistent with the production of mature retinal pigment epithelial or photoreceptor cells.ConclusionsHuman limbal neurospheres represent an accessible source of autologous donor cells for the treatment of retinal diseases.
GSK‐3β inhibitor TDZD‐8 reduces neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury in mice
Authors: Huang Sammen , Wang Haitao , Turlova Ekaterina , Abussaud Ahmed , Ji Xiang , Britto Luiz R. , Miller Steven P. , Martinez Ana , Sun Hong‐Shuo , Feng Zhong‐Ping 
Published: March 2017

SummaryAimsGlycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK‐3β) is activated following hypoxic‐ischemic (HI) brain injury. TDZD‐8 is a specific GSK‐3β inhibitor. Currently, the impact of inhibiting GSK‐3β in neonatal HI injury is unknown. We aimed to investigate the effect of TDZD‐8 following neonatal HI brain injury.MethodsUnilateral common carotid artery ligation followed by hypoxia was used to induce HI injury in postnatal day 7 mouse pups pretreated with TDZD‐8 or vehicle. The infarct volume, whole‐brain imaging, Nissl staining, and behavioral tests were used to evaluate the protective effect of TDZD‐8 on the neonatal brain and assess functional recovery after injury. Western blot was used to evaluate protein levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt), GSK‐3β, and cleaved caspase‐3. Protein levels of cleaved caspase‐3, neuronal marker, and glial fibrillary acidic protein were detected through immunohistochemistry.ResultsPretreatment with TDZD‐8 significantly reduced brain damage and improved neurobehavioral outcomes following HI injury. TDZD‐8 reversed the reduction of phosphorylated Akt and GSK‐3β, and the activation of caspase‐3 induced by hypoxia‐ischemia. In addition, TDZD‐8 suppressed apoptotic cell death and reduced reactive astrogliosis.ConclusionTDZD‐8 has the therapeutic potential for hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury in neonates. The neuroprotective effect of TDZD‐8 appears to be mediated through its antiapoptotic activity and by reducing astrogliosis.
Coming Together to Address Systemic Racism in Museums
Authors: Fischer Daryl , Anila Swarupa , Moore Porchia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA group of 25 multi‐generational, multi‐racial museum professionals met in January 2016 for a 3‐day dialogue about museums and race. They concurred that forming alliances among museum practitioners of all races and ethnic backgrounds is a critical step in dismantling the persistent and pervasive presence of structural racism in museums. This article asserts that there are both demographic and ethical imperatives for close examination of all aspects of museums’ programs, their staffs and boards, the publics they serve, and the organizations that exist because of them. It provides an introduction to the vocabulary and attendant systems of white privilege, oppression, and intersectionality, offers concrete suggestions for people of all backgrounds to join forces, and ends with a call to action to bring racial awareness and action to the forefront in our institutions, our communities, and our nation.
The effect of an education programme (MEDIAS 2 BSC) of non‐intensive insulin treatment regimens for people with Type 2 diabetes: a randomized, multi‐centre trial
Authors: Hermanns N. , Ehrmann D. , Schall S. , Maier B. , Haak T. , Kulzer B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimsA self‐management oriented education programme (MEDIAS 2 BSC) for people with Type 2 diabetes who are on a non‐intensive insulin treatment regimen was developed. In a randomized, multi‐centre trial, the effect of MEDIAS 2 BSC was compared with an established education programme that acted as a control group.MethodsThe primary outcome was the impact of MEDIAS 2 BSC on glycaemic control. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of severe hypoglycaemia, hypoglycaemia unawareness, diabetes‐related distress, diabetes knowledge, quality of life and self‐care behaviour.ResultsIn total, 182 participants were randomized to the control group or MEDIAS 2 BSC [median age 64.0 (interquartile range 58.0–68.5) vs. 63.5 (57.0–70.0) years; HbA1c 62.8 ± 12.7 mmol/mol vs. 63.7 ± 14.0 mmol/mol; 7.9% ± 1.2% vs. 8.0% ± 1.3%]. After a 6‐month follow‐up, there was a mean decrease in HbA1c of 3.5 mmol/mol (0.32%) in the control group and 6.7 mmol/mol (0.61%) in MEDIAS 2 BSC. After adjusting for baseline differences and study centre, the mean difference between the groups was −3.3 mmol/mol [95% confidence interval (CI) −0.54 to −5.90 mmol/mol] [−0.30% (95% CI −0.05 to −0.54)] in favour of MEDIAS 2 BSC (P = 0.018). There were no increases in severe hypoglycaemia or hypoglycaemia unawareness. The education programmes had no significant effects on psychosocial outcome variables.ConclusionMEDIAS 2 BSC was more effective in lowering HbA1c than the control condition. MEDIAS 2 BSC is a safe educational tool that improves glycaemic control without increasing the risk for hypoglycaemia. (Clinical Trials Registry No; NCT 02748239)