bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyper‐Giant‐Stromtragfähigkeit bei Raumtemperatur
Authors: Koops Hans W. P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract1994 wurde bei 300 K ein Bose‐Einstein‐Elektron‐Loch‐Kondensat gefunden. Ein Elektronenstrahl mit 60 MW / cm2 verwandelt Organometallika in nanokristallines Metall/ Kohlenstoff Verbundmaterial mit einem gemeinsamen Fermi‐Niveau. Excitonische Oberflächen‐Orbitale um die Metallkristalle überlappen sich und existieren im ganzen Material. Bei 300 K tunneln Elektronen aus dem Leitungsband des Anschluss‐Metalls in die angeregten Excitonischen Orbitale. Darin können Fermionen sofort Bosonen bilden. Elektronen und Löcher bilden bei parallelem Spin Bosonen mit einer Dichte bis zu 1028 / cm3. Ein elektrisches Feld mit einem Gradienten bewegt die Bosonen reibungslos, z. B. für Feldemissionsquellen mit Stromdichten bis GA/cm2. Diese wurden 1994 bis 2000 am FTZ in Darmstadt, und 2001 in USA und 2008 in Japan nachgewiesen. Erst mit der Erkenntnis, dass der Spin die Elektronen und Löcher zu Bosonen koppelt, wurde 2014 das Ergebnis verstanden.
Genetic improvement of xylose metabolism by enhancing the expression of pentose phosphate pathway genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae IR-2 for high-temperature ethanol production
Authors: Kobayashi Yosuke , Sahara Takehiko , Suzuki Toshihiro , Kamachi Saori , Matsushika Akinori , Hoshino Tamotsu , Ohgiya Satoru , Kamagata Yoichi , Fujimori Kazuhiro E 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) plays an important role in the efficiency of xylose fermentation during cellulosic ethanol production. In simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF), the optimal temperature for cellulase hydrolysis of lignocellulose is much higher than that of fermentation. Successful use of SSCF requires optimization of the expression of PPP genes at elevated temperatures. This study examined the combinatorial expression of PPP genes at high temperature. The results revealed that over-expression of TAL1 and TKL1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) at 30 °C and over-expression of all PPP genes at 36 °C resulted in the highest ethanol productivities. Furthermore, combinatorial over-expression of PPP genes derived from S. cerevisiae and a thermostable yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus allowed the strain to ferment xylose with ethanol productivity of 0.51 g/L/h, even at 38 °C. These results clearly demonstrate that xylose metabolism can be improved by the utilization of appropriate combinations of thermostable PPP genes in high-temperature production of ethanol.
The effect of mindfulness group therapy on a broad range of psychiatric symptoms: A randomised controlled trial in primary health care
Authors: Sundquist J. , Palmér K. , Johansson L.M. , Sundquist K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground:The need for psychotherapy in primary health care is on the increase but individual-based treatment is costly. The main aim of this randomised controlled trial (RCT) was to compare the effect of mindfulness-based group therapy (MGT) with treatment as usual (TAU), mainly individual-based cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), on a broad range of psychiatric symptoms in primary care patients diagnosed with depressive, anxiety and/or stress and adjustment disorders. An additional aim was to compare the effect of MGT with TAU on mindful attention awareness.Methods:This 8-week RCT took place in 2012 at 16 primary care centres in southern Sweden. The study population included both men and women, aged 20–64 years (n = 215). A broad range of psychiatric symptoms were evaluated at baseline and at the 8-week follow-up using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90). Mindful attention awareness was also evaluated using the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS).Results:In both groups, the scores decreased significantly for all subscales and indexes in SCL-90, while the MAAS scores increased significantly. There were no significant differences in the change in psychiatric symptoms between the two groups. The mindfulness group had a somewhat larger change in scores than the control group on the MAAS (P = 0.06, non-significant).Conclusions:No significant differences between MGT and TAU, mainly individual-based CBT, were found in treatment effect. Both types of therapies could be used in primary care patients with depressive, anxiety and/or stress and adjustment disorders, where MGT has a potential to save limited resources.Trial registration:ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01476371.
BP101 Peptide Promotes Female Sexual Receptivity in the Rat
Authors: Andreev-Andrievskiy Alexander , Lomonosov Mikhail , Popova Anfisa , Lagereva Evgeniia , Clément Pierre , Salimov Ramiz , Golikov Dmitriy 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Low sexual desire is a frequent sexual problem in women, with only one drug for the condition approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

Aim
To evaluate the ability of a novel synthetic peptide, BP101, to facilitate sexual behavior after intranasal administration or infusion into certain brain areas in female rats.

Methods
Bilaterally ovariectomized female rats, primed with a suboptimal combination of estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone, were used as a model of low sexual motivation. Sexual behavior was tested with stud male rats after acute (experiment 1) or long-term (experiment 2) intranasal administration of BP101 or peptide infusion into the olfactory bulb, medial preoptic area, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, or ventral tegmental area (experiment 3).

Main Outcome Measures
Frequency of solicitations (SF), as an indicator of sexual motivation in female rats, and lordosis frequency and ratio, as measurements of female consummatory sexual behavior.

Results
Acute intranasal BP101 administration moderately increased SF, with the highest tested dose of 300 μg/kg causing an 80% increase. Female rats receiving BP101 75 or 300 μg/kg daily on days 6 to 16 of the peptide administration displayed twofold higher SF compared with the placebo-treated animals, an increase comparable to optimally hormone-primed female rats. Infusion of BP101 1 and 5 μg per rat into the medial preoptic area, but not into the olfactory bulb, ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, or ventral tegmental area, increased SF in female rats supplemented with EB 10 or 20 μg. The effect was relatively more pronounced in female rats receiving EB 10 μg (≈300%) compared with EB 20 μg (≈50%) with direct brain infusions.

Conclusion
BP101 displays a potent stimulatory effect on sexual motivation in the female rat, and the medial preoptic area seems to be the site of its action. BP101 is effective in female rats receiving different hormone supplementations, making the present data generalizable to pre- and postmenopausal women with hypoactive sexual desire.
Cardiovascular risk reduction as a population strategy for preventing pain?
Authors: Mäntyselkä Pekka 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this issue of the Scandinavian Journal of Pain, Pico-Espinosa and co-workers [1] report on the role of diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperlipidaemia (HL) as risk factors for frequent pain in the back, neck and/or shoulders/arms (BNSP). Their study was based on a large population-based cohort with a four-year follow-up. They concluded that DM and HL may play a role in the aetiology of frequent BNSP, but this role may be different in men and women.
Snowbreeder 5: a Micro-CT device for measuring the snow-microstructure evolution under the simultaneous influence of a temperature gradient and compaction
Authors: WIESE MAREIKE , SCHNEEBELI MARTIN 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTThe instrumented sample holder Snowbreeder 5 is used to investigate the simultaneous influence of settlement on temperature-gradient snow metamorphism in time-lapse micro-computed tomography experiments. So far, experiments have only been done on temperature-gradient snow metamorphism without settlement or settlement under isothermal conditions. With the new device we can impose a constant temperature gradient on a snow sample and induce settlement by placing a passive load on top of the snow sample. The weight of the load can be varied, simulating various snow heights on top of the snow sample. Snow-temperature measurements on the passive load are possible due to wireless data transfer via Bluetooth. The temperature gradient is set by controlling the air temperature inside the computer tomograph and by a Peltier element at the bottom of the snow sample. First experiments under isothermal conditions and a constant temperature gradient of 43 K m−1 showed that the settlement was reduced to almost half as soon as a temperature gradient was applied under otherwise almost equal snow conditions. The compactive viscosity in the isothermal experiment was in the range of literature values.
Monazite chemical weathering, rare earth element behavior, and paleoglaciohydrology since the last glacial maximum for the Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA
Authors: Price Jason R. , Moore Joel , Kerans Dalton 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRare earth element (REE) release from weathering of accessory monazite [(REE)PO4] since the last glacial maximum at 18.1 ka was investigated in sediment recovered from an outlet lake within the glaciated Loch Vale watershed, Colorado, USA. Labile REEs in the sediments reveal monazite weathering increased during the Younger Dryas chronozone (YDC) 13.2 to 11.1 ka when alpine glaciers advanced as climate cooled and bedrock comminution increased. Monazite dissolution peaked at approximately the Pleistocene-Holocene transition ~10.5 ka. During the Holocene, REE concentrations decline, reflecting a reduction in monazite weathering. The REE cerium (Ce) may occur as trivalent or tetravalent cations, and the Ce anomaly (Cen/Ce*n) in sediment permits interpretations of paleoredox conditions. The Cen/Ce*n decreases from 18.1 ka to the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary. Initially, oxidizing conditions within the watershed increased because of enlargement of the proglacial area as the ice retreated. At the onset of the YDC, oxidation further escalated in response to enhanced chemical weathering associated with glacial advance. A more stable Holocene climate and landscape resulted in relatively small changes in Cen/Ce*n values. Slightly decreasing Cen/Ce*n values over the last several hundred years are consistent with present-day stream water values and may reflect the onset of present-day hydrobiogeochemical conditions.
The birth of the practical aeroplane: An appraisal of the Wright brothers' achievements in 1905
Authors: Padfield G. D. , Lawrence B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this second Aeronautical Journal paper providing a technical appraisal of the Wright brothers' achievements, the authors use modelling and simulation and associated flight dynamics analysis to present the development of the first practical aeroplane. The aircraft in question, the Wright Flyer III, was deemed fit for service by the Wrights in October 1905, and had evolved significantly from the first powered aircraft of 17 December 1903. The appraisal tries to shed light on many of the flight handling problems that the Wright brothers faced during this, their third phase of aeronautical endeavour, in 1904 and 1905. They retained their unstable configuration born in the 1901 and 1902 gliders, gradually refining the performance and handling until they considered the aircraft was ready for market. Their process of refinement has been reconstructed in simulation within the Liverpool Wright project, highlighting the many important developments during a period when Wilbur and Orville's own documentation was limited. Apart from their engineering excellence, the Wright brothers are to be acknowledged for their perseverance and resolve in overcoming setbacks, for their ability to innovate and to recover and learn from their mistakes. In many ways the Wright brothers represent a model for the modern aeronautical engineer, and it is hoped that their legacy will be better preserved through the documentation of this project.
La coévolution de la technologie et de la délinquance : quelques intuitions criminologiques
Authors: Dupont Benoît 
Published: February 2017

RésuméCet article présente un certain nombre de réflexions sur le processus de coévolution socio-technique qui voit les technologies issues de la révolution numérique (téléphonie sans fil, internet, robotique, big data, etc.) faire l'objet d'exploitations systématiques à des fins délinquantes. Il est organisé en cinq sections: après avoir examiné le contexte économique permettant au cybercrime de devenir une activité extrêmement lucrative, on aborde dans les deux sections suivantes quelques-unes des principales manifestations de la délinquance numérique en s'appuyant sur une perspective canadienne. Dans une quatrième section, nous déplacerons notre regard vers la réponse que les institutions chargées du contrôle social, la police en l'occurrence, apportent à ce problème et sur les innovations possibles en matière de régulation des déviances numériques. Finalement, la dernière partie de cet article adopte une approche prospective inspirée de la théorie des brèches afin d'essayer d'identifier les technologies émergentes de la prochaine décennie qui offriront des opportunités attractives aux délinquants.
THE SPINNING JENNY AND THE SORTING TABLE: E. P. THOMPSON AND WORKERS IN INDUSTRIALIZING EUROPE AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
Authors: HIGGINSON JOHN 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe most compelling aspect of E. P. Thompson's work for labor historian of Southern Africa is his contention that class is a fluent group relationship or ‘happening’ – something workers do, in addition to what employers and the state impose upon them. However, by the 1970s, Thompson recognized that his earlier claim also had to resonate with other key assumptions about working class aspirations; especially the need of a shared group consciousness to be more meaningful for individuals than the laws of the state. The principal weakness of Thompson's for African historians, however, is the absence of a more explicit discussion about the demise of the English peasantry in his work.
ALL THE KABAKA'S WIVES: MARITAL CLAIMS IN BUGANDA'S 1953–5 KABAKA CRISIS
Authors: SUMMERS CAROL 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWhen Britain withdrew recognition from Kabaka Mutesa II in 1953, considering him disloyal for failure to advocate for the new governor's progressive initiatives, Buganda's response was distinctive and successful: mourning. Ganda wept publicly, and portrayed themselves as wives forcibly divorced from their king/husband. With the removal of Mutesa, they argued, Britain even violated its own alliance, or marriage, with Buganda. Metaphors of marriage and declarations of loyal wives proved successful in destabilizing imperial efforts to reshape power in Buganda to fit into a unified Uganda. Drawing on specific associations of love and politics associated with Ganda marriage, Ganda fought, successfully, to achieve Mutesa II's return and to ensure Buganda's distinctive political identity. In the process, though, they declared and institutionalized an identity as subjects of the Kabaka, abandoning ideas of citizenship through Bataka (clans) voiced by earlier activists and enacting troublesome precedents for proponents of Ugandan nationalism.
Crystal Structure of Ice Accreted on an Ice Substrate
Authors: Nasello Olga B. , Levi Laura , Prodi Franco 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Thin ice deposits, grown on a prismatic ice substrate and the first layers of large deposits grown about a cylindrical ice collector, are studied. Experiments were performed at 30 m s–1 wind speed and T
a near –20° C. Progressive structural changes in thin accretions with time of water-injection were observed, when the substrate temperature was Ts &gt; –5°C. After 60s injection, which determined a deposit ~1 mm thick, the preferred orientation was established and the mean grain area was ~0.01 mm2. Such structural changes did not appear along the initial layers of thick deposits. These differed mainly from the subsequent zone because of the larger value of the preferred angle between the c-axis and the growth direction. These effects are discussed by considering the nucleation and orientation selection processes which occurred during droplet freezing and the annealing effects that occurred below the growth front. The different c-axis orientations in the initial and main zones are related to the different Ts values during their formation.
Basement Ige, Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, Ellesmere Island, Canada
Authors: Lyons J.B. , Savin S.M. , Tamburi A.J. 
Published: February 2017

Oxygen-isotope and chlorinity determinations, as well as petrographie observations, indicate that the basement we of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf is largely composed of a unique brackish ice, which interdigitates with sea ice. Some iced firn occurs near the top of the Basement Ice, below an unconformity.
stratification in brackish and sea ice represents annual increments to the bottom of the ice shelf The c-axis vertical orientation and small-angle grain-boundary relations in brackish ice are explained by nucleation and floating of ice dendrites from the undercooled brackish water zone to the bottom of the ice shelf, where they attach themselves sub-parallel to the plane of the undersurface.
Ice island T-3 did not come from a break-up of the main part of the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf, but probably originated in a nearby area to the west.
Heat-Budget Measurements on the Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peruvian Andes
Authors: Hastenrath Stefan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
During the June-August 1976 Quelccaya ice cap expedition, global, SW↓, and net long-wave radiation, LW↑↓, were measured through several complete day-night cycles, and for a wide range of cloudiness conditions. Field work further included albedo measurements along representative transects across the ice cap and lysimeter-type estimates of ablation. Automatic stations recording wind, temperature and sunshine duration were also installed.
Daily totals of SW↓ and LW↑↓ representative of completely clear and overcast days are derived. On this basis, empirical relationships allow the computation of monthly totals of radiation fluxes for an entire year from records of sunshine duration and temperature expected from the automatic stations.
The larger part of the plateau is situated above 5400 m and has an albedo mostly in excess of 80%. Sub-freezing temperatures essentially limit ablation to the energetically expensive sublimation. For clear sky, daily totals of SW↓and LW↑↓ are of the order of 312 and 53 W m–2, respectively. With the albedo found, net short-wave radiation SW↑↓ becomes of the same general magnitude as LW↑↓, and the energy left for ablation is near to nil. Cloudiness would reduce both SW↑↓ and LW↑↓, thus largely compensating the effect on the residual net radiation, SWLW↑↓. This is consistent with ablation measurements. Over the larger area of the ice plateau, ablation may be close to zero in a first approximation; some ablation, including melting, takes place near the lower-lying rim of the ice cap, and calving off steep cliffs seems to provide a major mechanism for the disposal of the ice mass.
Two Orders of Things: Wittgenstein on Reasons and Causes
Authors: Queloz Matthieu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper situates Wittgenstein in what is known as the causalism/anti-causalism debate in the philosophy of mind and action and reconstructs his arguments to the effect that reasons are not a species of causes. On the one hand, the paper aims to reinvigorate the question of what these arguments are by offering a historical sketch of the debate showing that Wittgenstein's arguments were overshadowed by those of the people he influenced, and that he came to be seen as an anti-causalist for reasons that are in large part extraneous to his thought. On the other hand, the paper aims to recover the arguments scattered in Wittgenstein's own writings by detailing and defending three lines of argument distinguishing reasons from causes. The paper concludes that Wittgenstein's arguments differ from those of his immediate successors; that he anticipates current anti-psychologistic trends; and that he is perhaps closer to Davidson than historical dialectics suggest.
No Love on the Dole: The Influence of the UK Means-tested Welfare System on Partnering and Family Structure
Authors: GRIFFITHS RITA 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTwo-parent families with dependent children are known to be at lower risk of poverty and significantly less reliant on state financial help than lone-parent households. It might therefore be expected that the factors influencing partnership transitions among low-income women would represent a key area of policy interest. However, driven by concerns about weak work incentives, policy focus and research has to date concentrated on understanding lone parents’ labour supply and encouraging the transition from benefits into employment. Surprisingly little is therefore known about demographic decision making among women reliant on UK means-tested welfare. As part of a wider qualitative study exploring family formation, partnership dissolution and repartnering decisions among low-income mothers, this paper examines whether and to what extent entitlement to welfare benefits or tax credits influenced the decision to live with or apart from a partner or child's father. The research found that the aspects of welfare that remove or reduce a mother's access to an independent income and require one partner in a couple to be financially dependent on the other had been strongly influential in partnering decisions and living arrangements. Policy implications are discussed.
Imaging Subglacial Topography by a Synthetic Aperture Radar Technique
Authors: Musil G.J. , Doake C.S.M. 
Published: February 2017

A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technique has been used to image part of the grounding-line region of Bach Ice Shelf in the Antarctic Peninsula. The radar was sledge-mounted and operated in a pulsed mode with a carrier frequency of 120 MHz. The coherently detected output was recorded photographically as in-phase and quadrature components. Because the system was essentially stationary for each measurement, there was no doppler information about the reflecting points as in the more commonly used airborne and satellite-based SARs. Instead, the phase history was used directly to identify point targets by a correlation method.
Three sounding runs were carried out over the grounding line to give views of the area from separate directions. An aperture length of 104 m was necessary to achieve 8 m resolution in the along-track direction for an ice thickness of 290 m. The mapped swath was 88 m wide. Corrections to the data were made to allow for density variations and absorption in the ice. The back-scatter coefficient showed greater variations in echo strength over grounded ice compared with floating ice and texture analysis of the radar image revealed a statistically significant difference between these two regimes.