bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ground pulsation magnetometer observations conjugated with relativistic electron precipitation
Authors: Yahnin A. G. , Yahnina T. A. , Raita T. , Manninen J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this report, we investigate the role of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves in production of relativistic electron precipitation (REP). Over a thousand REP events were detected from four NOAA Polar‐orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites in July–December 2005. Of these, a total of 112 events were conjugated with a ground‐based network of six Finnish induction coil magnetometers and one in Lovozero observatory at Kola Peninsula, Russia. The observation of geomagnetic pulsations during the conjugated events showed that about one third of them were accompanied by pulsations in the Pc1 range, which are the signature of EMIC waves. In fact, the sources of some of these EMIC waves were well outside the location of the REP event. This means that in such cases the REP events were not originated from scattering by EMIC waves. Finally, it is concluded that for this limited set of conjugated events only a quarter might be related to scattering by EMIC waves. The majority of the events are not correlated with EMIC wave signatures in ground‐based observations; they were associated with either no pulsations or noise‐like pulsations PiB and PiC.
Seasonal variations in methane fluxes in response to summer warming and leaf litter addition in a subarctic heath ecosystem
Authors: Pedersen Emily Pickering , Elberling Bo , Michelsen Anders 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMethane (CH4) is a powerful greenhouse gas controlled by both biotic and abiotic processes. Few studies have investigated CH4 fluxes in subarctic heath ecosystems, and climate change‐induced shifts in CH4 flux and the overall carbon budget are therefore largely unknown. Hence, there is an urgent need for long‐term in situ experiments allowing for the study of ecosystem processes over time scales relevant to environmental change. Here we present in situ CH4 and CO2 flux measurements from a wet heath ecosystem in northern Sweden subjected to 16 years of manipulations, including summer warming with open‐top chambers, birch leaf litter addition, and the combination thereof. Throughout the snow‐free season, the ecosystem was a net sink of CH4 and CO2 (CH4 −0.27 mg C m−2 d−1; net ecosystem exchange −1827 mg C m−2 d−1), with highest CH4 uptake rates (−0.70 mg C m−2 d−1) during fall. Warming enhanced net CO2 flux, while net CH4 flux was governed by soil moisture. Litter addition and the combination with warming significantly increased CH4 uptake rates, explained by a pronounced soil drying effect of up to 32% relative to ambient conditions. Both warming and litter addition also increased the seasonal average concentration of dissolved organic carbon in the soil. The site was a carbon sink with a net uptake of 60 g C m−2 over the snow‐free season. However, warming reduced net carbon uptake by 77%, suggesting that this ecosystem type might shift from snow‐free season sink to source with increasing summer temperatures.
Nonlinear empirical modeling to estimate phosphorus exports using continuous records of turbidity and discharge
Authors: Minaudo Camille , Dupas Rémi , Gascuel‐Odoux Chantal , Fovet Ophélie , Mellander Per‐Erik , Jordan Philip , Shore Mairead , Moatar Florentina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe tested an empirical modeling approach using relatively low‐cost continuous records of turbidity and discharge as proxies to estimate phosphorus (P) concentrations at a subhourly time step for estimating loads. The method takes into account nonlinearity and hysteresis effects during storm events, and hydrological conditions variability. High‐frequency records of total P and reactive P originating from four contrasting European agricultural catchments in terms of P loads were used to test the method. The models were calibrated on weekly grab sampling data combined with 10 storms surveyed subhourly per year (weekly+ survey) and then used to reconstruct P concentrations during all storm events for computing annual loads. For total P, results showed that this modeling approach allowed the estimation of annual loads with limited uncertainties (≈ −10% ± 15%), more reliable than estimations based on simple linear regressions using turbidity, based on interpolated weekly+ data without storm event reconstruction, or on discharge weighted calculations from weekly series or monthly series. For reactive P, load uncertainties based on the nonlinear model were similar to uncertainties based on storm event reconstruction using simple linear regression (≈ 20% ± 30%), and remained lower than uncertainties obtained without storm reconstruction on weekly or monthly series, but larger than uncertainties based on interpolated weekly+ data (≈ −15% ± 20%). These empirical models showed we could estimate reliable P exports from noncontinuous P time series when using continuous proxies, and this could potentially be very useful for completing time‐series data sets in high‐frequency surveys, even over extended periods.
Nanotechnology for Neuroscience: Promising Approaches for Diagnostics, Therapeutics and Brain Activity Mapping
Authors: Kumar Anil , Tan Aaron , Wong Joanna , Spagnoli Jonathan Clayton , Lam James , Blevins Brianna Diane , G Natasha , Thorne Lewis , Ashkan Keyoumars , Xie Jin , Liu Hong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUnlocking the secrets of the brain is a task fraught with complexity and challenge – not least due to the intricacy of the circuits involved. With advancements in the scale and precision of scientific technologies, we are increasingly equipped to explore how these components interact to produce a vast range of outputs that constitute function and disease. Here, an insight is offered into key areas in which the marriage of neuroscience and nanotechnology has revolutionized the industry. The evolution of ever more sophisticated nanomaterials culminates in network‐operant functionalized agents. In turn, these materials contribute to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, including drug delivery, neuroprotection, neural regeneration, neuroimaging and neurosurgery. Further, the entrance of nanotechnology into future research arenas including optogenetics, molecular/ion sensing and monitoring, and piezoelectric effects is discussed. Finally, considerations in nanoneurotoxicity, the main barrier to clinical translation, are reviewed, and direction for future perspectives is provided.
One‐Step Noncovalent Surface Functionalization of PDMS with Chitosan‐Based Bioparticles and Their Protein‐Repellent Properties
Authors: Bračič Matej , Mohan Tamilselvan , Griesser Thomas , Stana‐Kleinschek Karin , Strnad Simona , Fras‐Zemljič Lidija 
Published: August 2017

AbstractStable hydrophilic and protein‐repellent surfaces from nontoxic polysaccharides are highly desirable in several biomedical applications such as implants and prosthetics. Herein, a water‐based one‐step strategy to functionalize polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surfaces with chitosan‐based bioparticles is described to suppress the adsorption of blood plasma proteins, which causes biofilm formation and implant‐associated infection. Micro‐ and nanosized chitosan (Chi) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMChi) particles, featuring high stability, hydrophilicity, and zwitterionic feature, are synthesized in an ecofriendly solvent water and their interaction with PDMS surfaces is investigated in‐real time over a wide range of pH (3–10) using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D). The results show that both Chi and CMChi form stable colloidal particles at pH close to their zero‐point charge, and thus exhibit maximum adsorption and irreversibly bound layers on PDMS surfaces. Coating from CMChi shows high stability, improved hydrophilicity, and subsequently no adsorption of bovine serum albumin and enhanced resistance to fibrinogen, compared to Chi and native PDMS, as revealed by water contact angle and QCM‐D measurements. The results demonstrate the possibility to develop novel and biobased coating materials to address unspecific protein adsorption not only on silicone‐based implants but also on other biomaterials in general.
Shape‐Customizable Macro‐/Microporous Carbon Monoliths for Structure‐to‐Functionality CO2 Adsorption and Novel Electrical Regeneration
Authors: Wang Mei , Li Yuexing , Pan Min , Jia Xianfeng , Yin Di , Long Donghui , Wang Jitong , Qiao Wenming , Ling Licheng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPotential of porous carbons for practical applications is often limited by their intrinsic fragility and poor processability. Here, a facile approach to fabricate hierarchically macro‐/microporous carbon monolith (CM) with high strength and integrated structure is developed, which offers great possibilities for structure‐to‐functionality applications. Through a fiber‐reinforced sol–gel process and an ambient pressure drying approach, aerogel‐like CMs can be designed and fabricated in customizable forms. In particular, a novel scroll‐type carbon monolith (S‐CM) is constructed, which can mimic a roll‐to‐roll tube reactor and thus avoid the packing problems arising from the granules or powders of conventional activated carbons. The resulting CM exhibits a high CO2 adsorption capacity of 15.9 mmol g−1 at 25 bar and a breakthrough capacity of 1 mmol g−1 at 1 bar. Moreover, owing to the integrated structure and good electrical conductivity, the scroll‐type S‐CM can be easily regenerated by employing a low‐energy electrothermal desorption technique. The specialized design of the CMs should fulfill industrial directives and may provide an access route to more efficient porous carbons for structure‐oriented and process‐intensified applications.
Intramolecular Hydroamidation of ortho‐Vinyl Benzamides Promoted by Potassium tert‐Butoxide/N,N‐Dimethylformamide
Authors: Chen Zhen‐yu , Wu Liang‐yu , Fang Hai‐sheng , Zhang Ting , Mao Zhi‐feng , Zou Yong , Zhang Xue‐jing , Yan Ming 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn intramolecular hydroamidation of ortho‐vinyl benzamides had been developed. The reaction was promoted efficiently by potassium tert‐butoxide and N,N‐dimethylformamide without the need for strong oxidants or transition‐metal catalysts. A series of dihydroisoquinolinones and 3‐benzylisoindolinones were prepared in good to excellent yields. The new method is operationally simple, scalable, and tolerant of various functional groups.magnified image
Efficacy of endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis following primary radiotherapy and concurrent chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Ayoub Noel , Walgama Evan , Thamboo Andrew , Nayak Jayakar V. , Hwang Peter H. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a downstream complication following radiotherapy or chemoradiation for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is an accepted therapy for medically refractory CRS, but its efficacy in addressing CRS symptoms in patients with previously irradiated NPC is unclear.MethodsAll patients at the Stanford Sinus Center with a history of radiation therapy or chemoradiation for NPC between 2006 and 2015 were reviewed. Patients without antecedent CRS prior to NPC treatment (n = 26) were retrospectively divided into 2 cohorts based on whether they developed postirradiation CRS and underwent ESS (surgical group, n = 13) or did not develop CRS (control, n = 13). Demographic and clinical characteristics were collected, and temporal changes in 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) score were compared.ResultsThe median time following primary irradiation to initial presentation was 6.8 and 6.5 years in the surgical and control groups, respectively. The surgical cohort had statistically greater baseline SNOT‐22 scores than the control group (45 vs 14, p = 0.0198). At 6 to 12 months postoperatively, the surgical group demonstrated statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in SNOT‐22 scores when compared to controls (15‐point decrease vs 0, p = 0.0040), ultimately resulting in similar SNOT‐22 scores for both groups (28 vs 18, p = 0.3687). The rhinologic, extranasal, and ear/face subdomain scores of the surgical group were significantly greater than those of the control group preoperatively (rhinologic: p = 0.0010; extranasal: p = 0.0179; ear/face: p = 0.0068), but these disparities resolved postoperatively (rhinologic: p = 0.1461; extranasal: p = 0.3131; ear/face: p = 0.3401).ConclusionESS appears to effectively manage recalcitrant CRS symptoms in patients previously treated with radiation therapy and concurrent chemotherapy for NPC.
Flavylium Polymethine Fluorophores for Near‐ and Shortwave Infrared Imaging
Authors: Cosco Emily D. , Caram Justin R. , Bruns Oliver T. , Franke Daniel , Day Rachael A. , Farr Erik P. , Bawendi Moungi G. , Sletten Ellen M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBright fluorophores in the near‐infrared and shortwave infrared (SWIR) regions of the electromagnetic spectrum are essential for optical imaging in vivo. In this work, we utilized a 7‐dimethylamino flavylium heterocycle to construct a panel of novel red‐shifted polymethine dyes, with emission wavelengths from 680 to 1045 nm. Photophysical characterization revealed that the 1‐ and 3‐methine dyes display enhanced photostability and the 5‐ and 7‐methine dyes exhibit exceptional brightness for their respective spectral regions. A micelle formulation of the 7‐methine facilitated SWIR imaging in mice. This report presents the first polymethine dye designed and synthesized for SWIR in vivo imaging.
Divergent Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Mulinane Diterpenoids
Authors: Liu Yun‐Ting , Li Lin‐Ping , Xie Jian‐Hua , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA concise, divergent, asymmetric total syntheses of mulinane diterpenoids has been achieved. Specifically, a new strategy was developed featuring a key intramolecular Friedel–Crafts reaction to construct the chiral fused 5‐6‐6 tricyclic motif, followed by sequential Birch reduction, conjugate methylation, and homologation/ring‐expansion reactions to furnish the desired 5‐6‐7 tricyclic skeleton bearing five contiguous stereocenters. With this efficient strategy, seven mulinane diterpenoids and two analogues were synthesized via late‐stage functional modification or functionalization in 8.6–20 % overall yields and 11–15 steps.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Heck Cyclization of Aryl Halides to Afford Indolines
Authors: Qin Xurong , Lee Marcus Wen Yao , Zhou Jianrong Steve 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA nickel‐catalyzed asymmetric reductive Heck reaction of aryl chlorides has been developed that affords substituted indolines with high enantioselectivity. Manganese powder is used as the terminal reductant with water as a proton source. Mechanistically, it is distinct from the palladium‐catalyzed process in that the nickel–carbon bond is converted into a C−H bond to release the product through protonation instead of hydride donation followed by C−H reductive elimination on Pd.
Gold‐Catalyzed [4+2] Annulation/Cyclization Cascades of Benzisoxazoles with Propiolate Derivatives to Access Highly Oxygenated Tetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Sahani Rajkumar Lalji , Liu Rai‐Shung 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis work describes gold‐catalyzed annulations of electron‐deficient alkynes with benzisoxazoles to yield quinoline oxides chemoselectively. Chemical functionalizations of these resulting azacyclic compounds afforded various oxygenated tetrahydroquinolines which are present as the cores of many bioactive molecules. With the same reactants, a new relay catalysis using gold and zinc(II) catalysts affords highly oxygenated tetrahydroquinoline derivatives stereoselectively.
Morphology and Postnatal Development of Lower Hindlimbs in Desmodus rotundus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae): A Comparative Study
Authors: Reyes‐Amaya Nicolás , Jerez Adriana , Flores David 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe hindlimbs in bats are functionally adapted to serve as a hook to attach to the mother from birth, and to roost during independent life. Although bats exhibit different terrestrial locomotion capabilities involving hindlimbs, hindlimb morphology and postnatal development have been poorly studied. We describe in detail the postnatal development and bone morphology of hindlimbs of the nimble walker vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus, and compare adult characters with the insectivorous Molossus molossus (erratic walker) and the frugivorous Artibeus lituratus (non‐walker). The advanced ossification of most hindlimb elements of D. rotundus at the newborn stage is consistent with the functional role of this structure at birth in bats. The development completion events of hindlimb bone elements and bone processes in D. rotundus coincide with the cranial bone processes completion and suture closure events. Those events occur when individuals begin to feed by themselves. There are differences in the number and position of bone processes and sesamoids in adults among the compared species, most of which are described for the first time, and in the case of D. rotundus and M. molossus mostly related to a greater and tight articulation between elements. These facts seem to be closely associated with the different terrestrial locomotion capabilities, and in the case of the exclusively sanguivorous D. rotundus with specializations for obtaining food. Anat Rec, 300:2150–2165, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Serial functional communication training: Extending serial DRA to mands and problem behavior
Authors: Lambert Joseph M. , Bloom Sarah E. , Samaha Andrew L. , Dayton Elizabeth 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFunctional communication training (FCT) is commonly used to eliminate problem behavior. Not surprisingly, the efficacy of the intervention depends on fidelity to programmed procedures. For instance, problem behavior is likely to resurge if caregivers fail to reinforce mands during the maintenance stages of FCT. Despite this, recent translational work on arbitrary human responses suggests that incorporating multiple‐mand instruction into a serial‐training format may increase the probability of a recency effect, and a reversion of response resurgence (both desirable outcomes when mands are the most recently reinforced responses prior to extinction). Although promising, this effect has not been replicated with socially significant human behavior. Thus, we compared the relative effect of traditional FCT with that of serial FCT on the resurgence of the problem behavior, and mands, of 2 children. In contrast to previous research, we observed primacy effects for both subjects (i.e., the magnitude of the resurgence of problem behavior was greater than it was for any subsequently trained mand), and mand resurgence never occurred for one subject. Notwithstanding these limitations, the percentage of total responding allocated toward the resurgence of problem behavior was less in the serial FCT component relative to the traditional FCT component, and we observed a reversion of response resurgence for one subject.
A combination of anti‐PD‐L1 mAb plus Lm‐LLO‐E6 vaccine efficiently suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in HPV‐infected cancers
Authors: Lin Po‐Lin , Cheng Ya‐Min , Wu De‐Wei , Huang Yu‐Ju , Lin Hun‐Chi , Chen Chih‐Yi , Lee Huei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPD‐1/PD‐L1 immunotherapy is viewed as having clinical benefits in advanced cancers but is effective in only a few patients, suggesting that an efficient combination approach is needed to improve efficacy. Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that PD‐L1 expression was correlated with the E6 expression in tumors from 122 lung cancer patients. The poorest survival occurred in PD‐L1‐positive/E6‐positive tumor. PD‐L1 expression was increased by the expression of E6, but not the E7, oncoprotein in lung and cervical cancer cells. PD‐L1 expression was responsible for E6‐mediated colony formation and soft agar growth. Therefore, PD‐L1 secreted from tumor cells may directly promote tumor progression, particularly in E6‐positive tumors. Immune deficiency nude mice were used to test the possibility that combining anti‐PD‐L1 mAb with Lm‐LLO‐E6 vaccine could have a higher antitumor activity compared with anti‐PD‐L1 mAb or Lm‐LLO‐E6 vaccine alone. A greater antitumor activity was obtained with anti‐PD‐L1 mAb + Lm‐LLO‐E6 vaccine than with anti‐PD‐L1 mAb or Lm‐LLO‐E6 alone in subcutaneous and metastatic tumors induced by TL‐1 and SiHa cells. The longest survival time for nude mice was observed in the anti‐PD‐L1 mAb + Lm‐LLO‐E6 vaccine group. In conclusion, an anti‐PD‐L1 mAb + Lm‐LLO‐E6 vaccine may be an efficient treatment for suppression of tumor growth and metastasis induced by HPV‐infected cells.
Monitoring Photosynthetic Activity in Microalgal Cells by Raman Spectroscopy with Deuterium Oxide as a Tracking Probe
Authors: Yonamine Yusuke , Suzuki Yuta , Ito Takuro , Miura Yoshiko , Goda Keisuke , Ozeki Yasuyuki , Hoshino Yu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMicroalgae offer great potential for the production of biofuel, but high photosynthetic activity is demanded for the practical realisation of microalgal biofuels. To this end, it is essential to evaluate the photosynthetic activity of single microalgal cells in a heterogeneous population. In this study, we present a method to monitor the photosynthetic activity of microalgae (in particular Euglena gracilis, a microalgal species of unicellular, photosynthetic, flagellate protists as our model organism) at single‐cell resolution by Raman spectroscopy with deuterium from deuterium oxide (D2O) as a tracking probe. Specifically, we replaced H2O in culture media with D2O up to a concentration of 20 % without disturbing the growth rate of E. gracilis cells and evaluated C−D bond formation as a consequence of photosynthetic reactions by Raman spectroscopy. We used the probe to monitor the kinetics of the C−D bond formation in E. gracilis cells by incubating them in D2O media under light irradiation. Furthermore, we demonstrated Raman microscopy imaging of each single E. gracilis cell to discriminate deuterated cells from normal cells. Our results hold great promise for Raman‐based screening of E. gracilis and potentially other microalgae with high photosynthetic activity by using D2O as a tracking probe.
One catheter or two? Tomayto or Tomahto?
Authors: Seto Arnold H. , Kern Morton J. 
Published: August 2017

Key Points

This retrospective study compares the performance of transradial diagnostic procedures using the single versus Judkins catheter approach.
The Judkins approach had a 15% lower patient radiation exposure than single catheter approach while fluoroscopy time was comparable.
Future studies of comparing such techniques may always be limited by operator preference, experience, and comfort.
Chemical Functionalization of Polysaccharides—Towards Biocompatible Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kirschning Andreas , Dibbert Nick , Dräger Gerald 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHydrogels have emerged as a highly interdisciplinary topic as they play a significant role for a vast number of applications. They have been studied extensively as materials for contact lenses, wound dressing and as filler material in soft‐tissue augmentation, in which classical polymer backbones such as hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) are typically employed. More recently, polysaccharides have received attention, particularly in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, as ideal candidate materials for artificial extracellular matrices (ECM). The polysaccharides of choice are dextran, alginate, chitosan, hyaluronic acid and pullulan and in order to obtain suitable hydrogels from these polysaccharides, controlled chemical functionalization is of critical importance. This short review summarizes recent developments in the chemical derivatization of polysaccharides to pave the way for crosslinking and to decorate individual polysaccharide chains with bioactive ligands. The report covers convergent and divergent protocols for crosslinking, as well strategies for bisfunctionalization of polysaccharides. Additionally, information on biological properties and biomedical applications are covered.