bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Women’s petite and regular body measurements compared to current retail sizing conventions
Authors: Kim Youngsook , Song Hwa Kyung , Ashdown Susan P. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze petite women’s body size and figure and investigate whether current petite sizing charts accurately reflect actual petit size women’s bodies. This study also categorizes petite women’s body shapes and suggests primary body measurements as a base size for each shape. The ultimate goal is to suggest fundamental body measurements for apparel companies to modify and improve their sizing.Design/methodology/approach– This study used data from SizeUSA data to compare body measurements of 18-35-year-old petite women to regular women. The authors compared the results to measurement differences between petite and regular sizing charts of 14 apparel companies. Then, using the principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the authors classified petite women’s body shapes. Body measurements for each body type are contrasted with the current petite sizing charts, and then, the authors present differences as suggestions for modification and improvement of petite sizing.Findings– Industry sizing system do not generally represent average petite size women preciously except for stature. Within the petite women, four body types were identified (top petite: 30.0 percent, bottom petite: 30.8 percent, regular petite: 23.6 percent, and plus size: 15.4 percent). Of the four groups, the ASTM D7878 generally represented the “top petite” sizing.Originality/value– It is the first to analyze the industry petite sizing system utilizing population data and focus petite sizing for women aged 18-35. The authors believe this study could draw attention of the apparel industry, providing companies with ideas of how to improve their petite sizing for young women.
The tribological properties of carbon fiber reinforced polyimide matrix composites under distilled water condition
Authors: Wu Juan , Kou Ziming , Cui Gongjun 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to prepare carbon fiber-reinforced polyimide matrix composites and to investigate the single role of carbon fiber in polyimide composites on tribological performance under distilled water condition.Design/methodology/approach– Three carbon fiber-reinforced polyimide matrix composites were fabricated by using a hot press molding technique. The tribological behaviors of carbon fiber-reinforced polyimide matrix composites sliding against steel ball were evaluated with a ball-on-disk tribotester under distilled water condition. Meanwhile, the effect of different length of carbon fiber on the wear resistance of polyimide matrix composites was investigated during the sliding process.Findings– The friction coefficients and specific wear rates of polyimide composites containing 100 μm carbon fibers were lower than those of other specimens. The wear mechanism of carbon fiber-reinforced composites was delamination under distilled water condition. The interfacial combination between the carbon fiber and matrix became worse with the increase of length of carbon fiber.Originality/value– This paper reported the effect of the different length of carbon fiber on polyimide matrix composites to prepare mechanical parts in mining industrial fields.
NBR surface modification by Ar plasma and its tribological properties
Authors: Segu Dawit Zenebe 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the possibility and validity of using radio frequency (RF) power argon (AR) ion plasma treatment to modify the surface of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) and the change in the chemical structure under various bias voltage. Using wear test, the authors also compared the friction and wear properties of untreated and treated NBR.

Design/methodology/approach
– The hybrid RF-power sputtering system was used to generate RF Ar plasma to modify the surface of NBR specimens. The tribological properties were evaluated by ball-on-disc test using a load cell mounted on the ball holder.

Findings
– It was found that the NBR surface treated by the Ar plasma improved the wettability, friction and wear performance than the untreated NBR. The ATR-IR analysis indicated that the improvement come from the oxygen based functional groups generated on the surface of NBR. The improvement of friction and wear resistance may also come from the formation of nanostructure surface.

Originality/value
– In this study, the authors develop the RF AR ion plasma treatment at different bias voltage, and it has been used to modify the surface of NBR to increase the tribological performance.
Effects of surface texturing on the tribological behavior of piston rings under lubricated conditions
Authors: Zhang Yali , Zhang Xiaogang , Wu Tonghai , Xie You-bai 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The piston ring-cylinder liner pair is one of the most important tribological systems of an internal combustion engine. The friction loss of the piston ring-cylinder liner pair accounts for the largest portion of total efficiency losses. Therefore, improving the tribological system design of the piston ring-cylinder liner pair can reduce friction losses and bring tremendous economic benefits to society. This paper aims use surface texturing, which is proving to be an effective method, for improving the tribological performance of sliding surfaces.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this paper, an experimental study using a pin-on-disk tribometer was carried out to evaluate the effects of surface texturing on friction reduction of piston rings under various loads and sliding velocities. Rectangular- and circular-shaped textures with different depths and area densities were produced by a Femtosecond laser. Comparison experiments were conducted with un-textured rings.

Findings
– The results indicate that the friction performance of the ring surface was significantly improved by surface texturing, and the running-in stage was also shortened. More specifically, it was found that the rectangular-shaped texture had a better effect on friction reduction than the circular-shaped texture. Results also indicate that an optimum texture density existed for the rectangular-shaped texture. Additionally, it was observed that the average friction coefficient reduction of the textured ring decreased with increasing load and increased with increasing sliding velocity.

Originality/value
– Consequently, these findings provide a more in-depth understanding of the relationship between micro-textures and tribological properties of piston rings in lubricating sliding.
Relationship between arrangement patterns and tribological properties of copper-aluminum-graphite materials
Authors: Gao Fei , Miao Jia , Han Xiaoming , Fu Rong , Chen Jiguang 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Since the multi-component of powder metallurgy was dispersed, and each component sheared flow and tiered under the action of friction force, it was difficult to disclose the evolution characteristics of each component. Meanwhile, third body mixing with particles of each component covered on the friction surface, which further increased the difficulty of understanding evolution of each component and the corresponding third body in the friction process. To solve this problem, this paper aims to propose a mechanical assembled method which compact several component sheets in order.

Design/methodology/approach
– Pure copper, aluminum and artificial graphite sheets with thickness 0.5, 1 and 2 mm, respectively, were assembled into a jig by mechanical compact method. The relationship between arrangement patterns of the components and its friction coefficient was studied by using fixed speed friction test machine, the speed range from 200 to 2,000 r/min and the pressure range from 0.25 to 0.64 MPa.

Findings
– The testing results showed that when the distribution of same components was congregated, friction coefficient dropped from 0.6 to 0.4. While the distribution of different components was dispersed, friction coefficient dropped from 0.6 to 0.25. The friction coefficient decline was caused by performances changes of third body fluidity. The sufficiently mixed third body made third body adhesion weaker and increased third body fluidity. That provoked friction coefficient decreasing obviously at high speed. On the contrary, with the high congregation of same components, strong third body adhesion led to a rougher surface which contributed to a higher friction coefficient.

Originality/value
– By means of the mechanical-assembled multi-layer components to reveal the influence mechanism of every component on friction properties, will provide a new test approach for tribology.
Convective heat transfer under different jet impingement conditions – optimum design to spray parameters
Authors: Wang Yanzhong , Niu Wentao , Wei Song , Song Guanhua 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to improve the cooling performance of the impinging jet to the machining and power transmissions, and provides more parameters to the design of the cooling system.

Design/methodology/approach
– A multiphase flow model with heat transfer terms is established to calculate the convective heat transfer coefficient. The computational fluid dynamics method is used to simulate the jet flow. The convective heat transfer coefficients with different spray parameters are calculated and their variations are obtained. Temperatures are tested to reflect the cooling performance (convective heat transfer coefficients) with different spray parameters.

Findings
– The results show that the higher convective heat transfer coefficient can be obtained with the same flow rate by decreasing nozzle diameter while increasing either the number of nozzles or the oil supply pressure. The spray distance was found to have little influence on convective heat transfer; however, the more the spray is directed parallel to the surface, the higher the convective heat transfer coefficient. The computational results coincide well with the experimental results.

Originality/value
– The research presented here leads to a design reference guideline that could be used in machining and power transmissions to reduce the temperature, thus improving their quality and efficiency, and preventing failure at high speeds and/or under heavy loads.
Tool wear appearance and failure mechanism of coated carbide tools in micro-milling of Inconel 718 super alloy
Authors: Lu Xiaohong , Jia Zhenyuan , Wang Hua , Si Likun , Liu Yongyun , Wu Wenyi 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The paper aims to study the wear and breakage characteristics of coated carbide cutting tools through micro-milling slot experiments on superalloy Inconel 718.

Design/methodology/approach
– During the micro-milling process, the wear and breakage appearance on the rake face and flank face of the cutting tools, as well as the failure mechanism, have been studied. Furthermore, the wear and breakage characteristics of the micro-cutting tools have been compared with the traditional milling on Inconel 718.

Findings
– The main failure forms of the micro tool when micro-milling Inconel 718 were tool tip breakage and coating shed on the rake and flank faces of the cutting tool and micro-crack blade. The main causes of tool wear were synthetic action of adhesive abrasion, diffusion wear and oxidation wear, while the causes of abrasive wear were not obvious.

Practical implications
– The changing trend in tool wear during the micro-milling process and the main reasons of the tool wear are studied. The findings will facilitate slowing down the tool wear and prolonging the tool life during micro-milling Inconel718.

Originality/value
– The results of this paper can help slow down the tool wear and realize high efficiency, high precision and economical processing of small workpiece or structure of the nickel-based superalloy.
Numerical simulation research on effect of oil groove forms on thermal behavior of friction pair in hydro-viscous clutch
Authors: Xie Fangwei , Tong Yaowen , Wu Diancheng , Zhang Bing , Dai Kaiyu 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of different cross-sectional shapes (rectangular, trapezoidal, oval and triangular) and layout forms of oil grooves (radial, circumferential, inclined, compound, helical and double-helical), and determine the optimal section shape and layout form of oil grooves on the temperature field.

Design/methodology/approach
– Heat conduction theory model was established based on startup characteristics and friction heat principle of hydro-viscous clutch (HVC), and then the theoretical expression of angular velocity of the friction pair and control pressure were deduced, and the heat flux and its distribution on friction disk and separator disk were calculated. Finally, the finite element method was used to solve the temperature field of the friction pair.

Findings
– The studies show that the circumferential oil groove got the highest temperature, and on the surface of all other structures, hot spots appear with different sizes and temperatures, and the maximum temperature difference in the friction zone is about 3°C, and in the oil groove zone is about 16°C, wherein the compound oil groove has the lowest average temperature. This research shows that the compound oil groove with rectangular cross-section is the best choice for the friction pair.

Originality/value
– In this paper, it was found that the compound oil groove with rectangular cross-section is the best choice for the friction pair, and it provided a favorable theory reference and technical support for the structural design of the friction pair and optimized design of the high-power HVC.
Tremors and tenants
Authors: Filippova Olga 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the changes in commercial office occupiers’ preferences in their building choice as a result of a recent natural disaster which triggered policy changes in building safety.Design/methodology/approach– This study follows a qualitative research design comprising semi-structured one-on-one interviews with 24 property professionals (commercial leasing agents and property managers) in Auckland, New Zealand. A thematic analysis was employed for identifying, analysing and reporting themes emerged within data.Findings– Tenants across New Zealand now incorporate earthquake issues in their leasing decisions. Most tenants are familiar with the impending policy changes related to earthquake-prone buildings. The degree to which building standards are incorporated into office occupiers’ choice varies with the size of the organisation and their willingness to invest in their corporate social responsibility. A certain level of overreaction was observed in tenants’ behaviour in the face of risk and uncertainty following the earthquakes. However, risk appears to be subsiding and emphasis is placed on availability of space in desirable locations.Research limitations/implications– The findings are limited due to a non-random sample selection and a small sample size. Further quantitative research is required to determine if office tenants place a premium on occupying seismically safe buildings since forthcoming regulatory changes have been announced.Practical/implications– This study provides evidence that imminent building policy changes are efficient in raising public awareness and informing perceptions of potential losses following a recent natural disaster event. Building owners can potentially capitalise on tenants’ desire to occupy high quality space.Originality/value– This is the first study that develops the knowledge base identifying the perceptions of tenants about seismic safety of buildings since the Canterbury earthquakes. The study also contributes to the literature on the market effect of policy changes triggered by a focusing event.
Rent review: dark art or rainy sky?
Authors: Dowden Malcolm John 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider the impact on rent review clauses of a recent UK Supreme Court ruling on the interpretation and application of contractual provisions. Although the ruling in Arnold v. Britton (2015) UKSC 36 concerned service charge provisions, the court’s approach has significant implications for rent reviews where a fixed or indexed increase is intended.

Design/methodology/approach
– Review of the Supreme Court’s approach and findings in a case concerning clauses that provided for fixed percentage increases in long leases.

Findings
– It is no part of the court’s function, through the process of contractual interpretation, to rescue a party from a bad bargain.

Research limitations/implications
– Supreme Court ruling in Arnold v. Britton was considered in the context of recent rulings on rent review clauses.

Practical implications
– When drafting for a fixed or stepped increase at rent review, parties must ensure that any formulae or other provisions governing calculation produce results that are fair and in line with the parties’ actual intentions. The court will not use the process of contractual interpretation to rescue a party from a bad bargain, and will not intervene to override clear wording. Although the court has power to decide in favour of commercial common sense where a clause is ambiguous or unclear, there is a limit to the “red ink” that the court can apply, and no room for remedial interpretation where a clause is clear.

Social implications
– Where contract provisions are clear it is not open to the court to intervene, by means of contractual interpretation, to protect or to rescue a party who has been disadvantaged, however seriously, if the clause is clear. Where such cases arise in a contract covered by English law, or in similar common law jurisdictions, any protection must be found in statute.

Originality/value
– Practitioner’s review and comments on recent Supreme Court authority.
Portuguese working group advocacy for intergenerational policies: challenges and results
Authors: Gonçalves Marta , Hattton-Yeo Alan , Branco Carla 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present the benefits and challenges of the advocacy group for intergenerational policies that was created in Portugal in 2012, the European Year of Active Ageing and solidarity between generations.

Design/methodology/approach
– The group conducted nine closed group meetings scheduled every three months with an average attendance of five members and six public events bringing together researchers, policy makers, practitioners and civil society.

Findings
– The group was established as a response to the various social changes happening in Portugal as a consequence of the ageing population, low-birth rate and migration, leading to the need to explore new responses which are based both on the need to promote active ageing and intergenerational solidarity and also the importance of family and state support to multigenerational families as a building block to strengthen communities.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper sets the context of the changing social situation in Portugal, describes the process used through both closed and public meetings to discuss this and then describes the perspectives of four core groups.

Practical implications
– Only by pooling resources and thinking intergenerationally will we be able to deliver the opportunities and support that the citizens will need to enable them to age well across the life course.

Social implications
– Drawing on this and the strong tradition of the family in Portugal it seeks to make the case that an

i
ntergenerational approach is essential to the countries future social well-being.

Originality/value
– The creation of the advocacy group created a private space for professionals to explore and strengthen their understanding of the impact of these issues and the potential of approaching policy as an intergenerational issue as one solution.
Evaluation of edna: arts and dance for older people
Authors: Skingley Ann , De'Ath Stephanie , Napleton Luci 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact on health and well-being of participation in dance and arts activities by older people living in the community.

Design/methodology/approach
– A small-scale, mixed methods research design comprising pretest-posttest evaluation of a three month dance and arts programme. Two groups of older people underwent physical measures and completed a self-report quality of life questionnaire. Written comments and interview data were also gathered.

Findings
– Physical tests (n=14) demonstrated improvements in posture, shoulder mobility and balance in both groups following the intervention, with some measures reaching statistical significance. Quality of life evaluations (n=21) also showed improvement, with the mental health subscale reaching statistical significance. Qualitative data showed that participants enjoyed the programme and felt physical, psychological and social benefits.

Research limitations/implications
– The research involved only a small sample of volunteers and a limited programme length which limits its generalisability. The absence of a control group means that causality cannot be inferred. Future research should extend recruitment to a wider geographical area and a longer intervention which includes a control group.

Practical implications
– Future arts interventions for older people should include consultation prior to, and throughout the project. Commissioners should consider supporting arts for health projects, building in additional funding for evaluative work.

Originality/value
– This study has added to the evidence base through combining art forms within a mixed methods framework, illustrating the interplay between the art forms, the outcomes and the potential role of social context.
Self-awareness of memory impairment in Parkinson’s disease: a review of the literature
Authors: Bloomfield Jacqueline , Woods Damith , Ludington Jason 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to review and provide information on the small but growing body of literature that demonstrates that some people with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are unaware of the memory impairment, and this has clinical implications for how family members care for their loved one, and how clinical staff and others may interact with them on a day-to-day perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
– The approach takes the form of a general review.

Findings
– People with PD experience a variety of cognitive impairment including deficits in memory and higher level executive processes. Impairment in these areas can occur early in the disease course and result in adverse consequences including distractibility, trouble recalling information, and problems remembering to execute planned actions like adhering to medication regimes. The literature also suggests heterogeneity in both the memory performance of people with PD and in the definition of awareness used to investigate this phenomenon.

Practical implications
– Strategies for remembering may be of practical importance for people with PD, and/or caregivers should be introduced and educated to the nature of memory impairment in PD, as well as its likely course and natural progression in a non-threatening way before they are later instructed on “tips” for maximising daily functioning as more severe cognitive deficits begin to appear.

Originality/value
– This paper adds to the small body of literature that investigates patients’ awareness of memory impairment in PD and advocates for ongoing research within the area.