bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bifunctional Boron Phosphate as an Efficient Catalyst for Epoxide Activation to Synthesize Cyclic Carbonates with CO2
Authors: Xue Zhimin , Zhao Xinhui , Wang Jinfang , Mu Tiancheng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDevelopment of inexpensive, easily prepared, non‐toxic, and efficient catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to synthesize five‐membered cyclic carbonates is a very attractive topic in the field of CO2 transformation. In this work, we conducted the first work on the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates catalyzed by a binary catalyst system consisting of KI and boron phosphate (BPO4), which are both inexpensive and non‐toxic, and various corresponding cyclic carbonates could be produced with high yields (93–99 %) at 110 °C with a CO2 pressure of 4 MPa under solvent‐free conditions. In the BPO4/KI catalyst system, BPO4, a Brønsted and Lewis acid hybrid, played the role of activating the epoxy ring through the formation of hydrogen bonds with Brønsted acidic sites and the interaction with Lewis acidic sites simultaneously, and thus enhanced the activity of KI for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides significantly. Additionally, the activity of the BPO4/KI catalyst system showed no noticeable decrease after being reused five times, indicating that the BPO4 was stable under the reaction conditions.
Cell migration analysis: A low‐cost laboratory experiment for cell and developmental biology courses using keratocytes from fish scales
Authors: Prieto Daniel , Aparicio Gonzalo , Sotelo‐Silveira Jose R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCell and developmental processes are complex, and profoundly dependent on spatial relationships that change over time. Innovative educational or teaching strategies are always needed to foster deep comprehension of these processes and their dynamic features. However, laboratory exercises in cell and developmental biology at the undergraduate level do not often take into account the time dimension. In this article, we provide a laboratory exercise focused in cell migration, aiming to stimulate thinking in time and space dimensions through a simplification of more complex processes occurring in cell or developmental biology. The use of open‐source tools for the analysis, as well as the whole package of raw results (available at http://github.com/danielprieto/keratocyte) make it suitable for its implementation in courses with very diverse budgets.Aiming to facilitate the student's transition from science‐students to science‐practitioners we propose an exercise of scientific thinking, and an evaluation method. This in turn is communicated here to facilitate the finding of common caveats and weaknesses in the process of producing simple scientific communications describing the results achieved. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 45(6):475–482, 2017.
Iatrogenic right coronary artery dissection caused by diagnostic transradial cardiac catheterization
Authors: Baghdasaryan David , Nazaryan Aram 
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical MessageWe are presenting rare, but life‐threatening complication of diagnostic coronary catheterization. To overcome the problem requires operator's experience and appropriate actions. We want to share our experience to interventionalists to be aware and ready to recognize and overcome such complication.
Acute suppurative thyroiditis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae infection: a case report
Authors: Akuzawa Nobuhiro , Yokota Toru , Suzuki Tsukasa , Kurabayashi Masahiko 
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical MessageAcute suppurative thyroiditis is a serious disease; therefore, its diagnosis in the acute phase is important. Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid gland plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis of acute suppurative thyroiditis. Appropriate culture technique and optimal imaging modalities are also important for its diagnosis.
Selective One‐Pot Two‐Step C−C Bond Formation using Metal–Organic Frameworks with Mild Basicity as Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Cirujano Francisco G. , López‐Maya Elena , Rodríguez‐Albelo Marleny , Barea Elisa , Navarro Jorge A. R. , De Vos Dirk E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCopper‐ion‐exchanged nickel pyrazolate frameworks behave as selective heterogeneous catalysts for the one‐pot, two‐step (Henry reaction/Michael type addition) synthesis of neuroactive pharmaceutical intermediates starting from nitromethane and benzaldehyde. Tuning the basicity of multifunctional metal–organic framework catalysts through ion exchange with copper(II) cations allows the tandem C−C bond‐forming process to be selectively directed towards the desired pharmaceutical intermediate.
A Dumbbell CaBi2O4 Photoelectrode for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Xuan , Liu Zhihua , Liu Zhifeng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper describes a promising film based on the dumbbell‐shaped CaBi2O4 nanostructure that is applied in photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting as a photoelectrode for the first time. The morphology and microstructure of CaBi2O4 were characterized in detail. PEC measurements showed that the dumbbell‐shaped CaBi2O4 nanostructure film, on the basis of the optimal hydrothermal time, exhibited higher photoelectrochemical activity, as the photocurrent density reached up to 1.19 mA cm−2. The remarkable PEC performance may stem from excellent light absorbance and efficient charge–hole pair separation and collection. This research indicates that the dumbbell‐like CaBi2O4 nanostructure film has enormous potential in PEC water splitting.
Cinchona alkaloid derivatives catalyzed asymmetric aza‐Friedel–crafts reaction of α‐naphthols with aryl aldimines
Authors: Li Ya Wei , Wang Li Ming , Jin Ying , Chang Sheng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCinchona alkaloid derivatives as organocatalysts were applied in the asymmetric aza‐Friedel–Crafts reaction of α‐naphthol with aryl aldimines. The desired chiral aminoarylnaphthols were obtained in 85% enantiomeric excess.
A Multifunctional Radiotheranostic Agent for Dual Targeting of Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Vultos Filipe , Fernandes Célia , Mendes Filipa , Marques Fernanda , Correia João D. G. , Santos Isabel , Gano Lurdes 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA straightforward synthetic route for a new multifunctional 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid (DOTA) derivative is described. To demonstrate the versatility of this pro‐chelator for the preparation of radiolabeled hybrid compounds containing two different biological targeting moieties, an antitumor agent (e.g., a DNA‐intercalating agent) and an estrogen receptor (ER) ligand (e.g., LXXLL‐based peptide) were regiospecifically conjugated to the DOTA derivative. The bifunctional probe was radiolabeled with the auger electron emitter indium‐111, and the resulting radioconjugate was demonstrated to induce DNA damage in vitro, which, along with the nuclear internalization exhibited in breast cancer cells, might enhance its therapeutic activity. This favorable in vitro performance suggests that these hybrid compounds could be attractive probes for theranostic applications.
Koi Fish‐Scale Iridophore Cells Orient Guanine Crystals to Maximize Light Reflection
Authors: Funt Nir , Palmer Benjamin A. , Weiner Steve , Addadi Lia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFish‐scale iridophore cells deposit guanine crystals and assemble them into multilayer reflectors to produce silvery reflectance. The crystal orientation controls the reflective properties of the fish scales, but little is known about the degree of orientation of the guanine crystals and whether this orientation is pre‐determined at the level of an individual cell. Koi fish‐scale‐attached iridophores, iridophores on regenerated scales, and cultured iridophores were examined by using light microscopy and synchrotron micro‐X‐ray diffraction. More than 95 % of the thin {100} guanine crystal plates in the iridophores of the mature and regenerated scales are oriented parallel to the scale surface and perpendicular to the direction of the incoming light. More than 70 % of the crystals in cultured iridophore cells are also in this orientation. The crystals are elongated and within each cell on the mature scale and in the cultured cells the long morphological axes are well aligned with the long axis of the iridophore. In contrast to the cultured iridophores, in the mature scale the iridophore cells are co‐aligned with each other. Cultured iridophores are flexible and motile, and azimuthal crystal orientations vary as the cells move. We conclude that iridophore cells function as independent units and that the control over crystal orientation is pre‐determined at the individual cell level in the direction that is essential for function, namely, exposing the large reflecting crystal surface to light.
The Ussing Chamber Assay to Study Drug Metabolism and Transport in the Human Intestine
Authors: Kisser Beatrice , Mangelsen Eva , Wingolf Caroline , Partecke Lars Ivo , Heidecke Claus‐Dieter , Tannergren Christer , Oswald Stefan , Keiser Markus 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Ussing chamber is an old but still powerful technique originally designed to study the vectorial transport of ions through frog skin. This technique is also used to investigate the transport of chemical agents through the intestinal barrier as well as drug metabolism in enterocytes, both of which are key determinants for the bioavailability of orally administered drugs. More contemporary model systems, such as Caco‐2 cell monolayers or stably transfected cells, are more limited in their use compared to the Ussing chamber because of differences in expression rates of transporter proteins and/or metabolizing enzymes. While there are limitations to the Ussing chamber assay, the use of human intestinal tissue remains the best laboratory test for characterizing the transport and metabolism of compounds following oral administration. Detailed in this unit is a step‐by‐step protocol for preparing human intestinal tissue, for designing Ussing chamber experiments, and for analyzing and interpreting the findings. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cobalt‐Based Active Species Molecularly Immobilized on Carbon Nanotubes for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Kim Sujin , Jang Dawoon , Lim Joonwon , Oh Junghoon , Kim Sang Ouk , Park Sungjin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHybrid systems in which molecule‐based active species are combined with nanoscale materials may offer valuable routes to enhance catalytic performances for electrocatalytic reactions. The development of rationally designed, cost‐effective, efficient catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a crucial challenge for applications in fuel cells and metal–air batteries. A new hybrid ORR catalyst has been synthesized through a well‐defined reaction between Co‐based organometallic molecules and N‐doped multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at room temperature. The hybrid ORR catalyst shows excellent catalytic performance with an onset potential of 0.95 V [vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)], superior durability, and good methanol tolerance. Chemical and structural characterization after many reaction cycles reveals that the Co‐based organometallic species maintained the original structure of cobalt(II) acetylacetonate with coordination to the heteroatoms of the MWCNTs. A thorough electrochemical investigation indicates that the major catalytically active site is Co−O4−NCNT.
A Method for Analyzing and Visualizing Intermodule Relations to Support the Reuse‐Based Embedded Software Development
Authors: KAMBE HIDETOSHI , KITAGAMI SHINJI , SAWAMOTO JUN , MITSUI HIROYASU , KOIZUMI HISAO 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYThe number of lines of code in embedded software has been growing. In reuse‐based embedded software development, there are more and more cases in which software from two or more products is combined. The reuse of existing software has thus become inevitable. However, if the existing software to be reused is not well managed or organized, there is no way to know which modules will be affected when some parts of the reused software are modified. In this paper, we propose a method to accomplish the effective reuse of software modules by managing dependency information among modules and adding development management property data to each module. We have developed a configuration management tool that visualizes the mutual relations among existing software modules and visually presents not only the dependencies among modules but also the development management property data of the modules based on the developer's demand for the reuse of modules. We evaluated the method by applying it to some actual development projects.
Predation risk: a potential mechanism for effects of a wind energy facility on Greater Prairie‐Chicken survival
Authors: Smith J. A. , Brown M. B. , Harrison J. O. , Powell L. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecent expansion of the wind energy industry has raised concerns about the potential effects of wind energy facilities on prairie grouse. For example, efforts have been made to evaluate indirect effects on prairie grouse survival, but it is also critical to investigate the underlying mechanisms to direct conservation strategies. The objective of this study was to investigate the indirect effects of a wind energy facility on the survival of female Greater Prairie‐Chickens (Tympanuchus cupido pinnatus) and on the occupancy of avian and mammalian predators. Between March and July of 2013 and 2014, we investigated spatial variation in predation risk by sampling occupancy of mammalian and avian predators within 10 km of a wind energy facility constructed in 2005 in Brown County, Nebraska, USA. During the same period, we assessed spatial variation in daily survival of radio‐marked females within the same area. We found little evidence that probability of site occupancy (Ψ) of avian predators was lower near the wind energy facility (within 2 km: Ψ = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.22–0.95; beyond 2 km: Ψ = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.02–1.00), suggesting that avian predators did not display local‐scale avoidance behavior around wind turbines. Mammalian predators were documented at all of our sample locations, but the capture index for all mammals was lower at sample sites near the wind turbines (P = 0.004). Occupancy of coyotes (Canis latrans), the likely main mammalian predator of adult prairie‐chickens in the area, did not vary significantly throughout our study site (within 0.5 km of wind energy facility: Ψ = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.07–0.98; beyond 0.5 km: Ψ = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.04–1.00), although trends were in the direction expected if coyotes were avoiding the wind energy facility. Distance to wind turbine had no effect on daily survival (SD) of female prairie‐chickens (SD = 0.9948, SE = 0.0015). The potential for predators to avoid wind energy facilities, and thus affect predation risk, underscores the complexity of planning to address potential impacts of wind energy as variation in predation risk may have consequences for the population viability of a wide range of species at risk from wind energy development.
Nanostructured Platinum‐iridium Alloy Microelectrode for Ammonia Determination
Authors: Jiang Junhua , Zhang Lei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNanostructured platinum‐iridium alloy microelectrode with high surface area was successfully prepared by applying successive potential cycles to a conventional PtIr microdisc in ionic liquid electrolyte containing ZnCl2at elevated temperature. Scanning‐electron microscope studies show that a very thin nanostructured film was created on the electrode upon 20 potential cycles between −2.0 and 0.75 V versus a Ag pseudo‐reference electrode. The film nanostructures are characteristic of regular hill‐like nano‐spacings separated by valley‐like nano‐cracks, and a roughness factor of approximately 40. The nanostructured electrode is highly active towards electrochemical oxidation of ammonia, and generates a linear relation between voltammetric peak currents (or chronoamperometric currents), and logarithm of ammonia concentration in a range of approximately 1 ppm to 10000 ppm. It has been proposed that theTemkinadsorption of ammonia from the bulk solution onto the electrode surfaces was involved in its electrochemical oxidation and could be responsible for the linear current‐logarithmic concentration relation.
One‐on‐one contract game–based dynamic virtual machine migration scheme for Mobile Edge Computing
Authors: Kim Sungwook 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the evolution toward fifth‐generation networks, Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is an emerging paradigm, conceived to meet the ever‐increasing computational demands of mobile applications. Within the access range of mobile devices, the MEC technique promises the enablement of efficient Mobile Cloud Computing services. In an MEC system, virtual machine (VM) migration is a key issue; VM migration is the process of moving a VM from an edge node to another edge node. To improve service quality and system performance, the VM migration method has a dual focus on the MEC system's computation and communication resources. In this study, we formulate the VM migration problem as a one‐on‐one contract game model and develop a learning‐based price control mechanism to effectively handle the MEC's resource. By using the game methodology and learning process, our approach is able to capture the dynamics of MEC systems, and it interacts continually with an unknown system environment. Finally, extensive simulation results are provided to demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach in achieving, with respect to existing MEC schemes, both higher resource utilization and system throughput, as well as reduced service drop ratio and reduced service delay.
Toward the network of the future: From enabling technologies to 5G concepts
Authors: Bega Dario , Gramaglia Marco , Bernardos Cano Carlos Jesus , Banchs Albert , Costa‐Perez Xavier 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThere is a wide consensus by the research community and the industry that it will not be possible to satisfy future mobile traffic demand and application requirements by simply evolving the current fourth‐generation architecture. Instead, there is a need for a considerable revision of the mobile network system: such an effort is commonly referred to as the future fifth‐generation (5G) architecture, and large‐scale initiatives all around the globe have been launched worldwide to address this challenge. While these initiatives have not yet defined the future 5G architecture, the research community has already invested a very substantial effort on the definition of new individual technologies. The fact that all new proposals are tagged as 5G has created a lot of confusion on what 5G really is. The aim of this article is to shed some light on the current status of the 5G architecture definition and the trends on the required technologies. Our key contributions are the following: (1) we review the requirements for 5G identified by the different worldwide initiatives, highlighting similarities and differences; (2) we discuss current trends in technologies, showing that there is a wide consensus on the key enablers for 5G; and (3) we make an effort to understand the new concepts that need to be devised, building on the enablers, to satisfy the desired requirements.
Species, genera, and phylogenetic structure in the human fossil record: a modest proposal
Authors: Tattersall Ian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBecause of the greater morphological distances among them, genera should be more robustly recognizable in the fossil record than species are. But there are clearly upper as well as lower bounds to their species inclusivity. Currently, the vast majority of fossils composing the large and rapidly expanding paleoanthropological record are crammed into one of two genera (Australopithecus vs Homo), expanding the latter, especially, far beyond any reasonable morphological or phylogenetic limits. This excessive inclusivity obscures both diversity and the complexities of phylogenetic structure within the hominid family.
The North African Middle Stone Age and its place in recent human evolution
Authors: Scerri Eleanor M. L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe North African Middle Stone Age (NAMSA, ∼300‐24 thousand years ago, or ka) features what may be the oldest fossils of our species as well as extremely early examples of technological regionalization and ‘symbolic’ material culture (d'Errico, Vanhaeren, Barton, Bouzouggar, Mienis, Richter, Hublin, McPherron, Louzouet, & Klein, ; Scerri, ; Richter, Grün, Joannes‐Boyau, Steele, Amani, Rué, Fernandes, Raynal, Geraads, Ben‐Ncer Hublin, McPherron, ). The geographic situation of North Africa and an increased understanding of the wet‐dry climatic pulses of the Sahara Desert also show that North Africa played a strategic role in continental‐scale evolutionary processes by modulating human dispersal and demographic structure (Drake, Blench, Armitage, Bristow, & White, ; Blome, Cohen, Tryon, Brooks, & Russell, ). However, current understanding of the NAMSA remains patchy and subject to a bewildering array of industrial nomenclatures that mask underlying variability. These issues are compounded by a geographic research bias skewed toward non‐desert regions. As a result, it has been difficult to test long‐established narratives of behavioral and evolutionary change in North Africa and to resolve debates on their wider significance. In order to evaluate existing data and identify future research directions, this paper provides a critical overview of the component elements of the NAMSA and shows that the timing of many key behaviors has close parallels with others in sub‐Saharan Africa and Southwest Asia.
Utilization of the Bridging Strategy for the Development of New Drugs in Oncology to Avoid Drug Lag
Authors: Kogure Seiji , Koyama Nobuyuki , Hidaka Shinji 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGlobal trial (GT) strategy and bridging (BG) strategy are currently the main clinical development strategies of oncology drugs in Japan, but the relationship between development style and drug lag and how the bridging strategy has contributed to the solution of drug lag have not been clear. We investigated the potential factors that influenced submission lag (SL), and also compared the differences in SL among early‐initiation BG strategy, late‐initiation BG strategy, and GT strategy. A stepwise linear regression analysis identified the potential factors that shorten SL: development start lag and development style. Comparison of the differences in SL among the strategies also indicated that the SL in the GT strategy and that in the early‐initiation BG strategy were significantly shorter than that in the late‐initiation BG strategy. The findings in our study suggest that the late‐initiation BG strategy may not contribute to shortening drug lag. Because the number of late‐initiation BG studies has not decreased, we propose first that pharmaceutical companies should initiate clinical development as early as possible in Japan so that they can choose the GT strategy as a first option at the next step, and second when they cannot choose the GT strategy after investigating differences in exposure between Japanese and non‐Japanese in a phase 1 study, they should select the early BG strategy to avoid future drug lag. It is also important for the regulatory authorities to provide reasonable guidance to have a positive impact on strategic decisions, even for foreign‐capital companies.