bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cracks on ETICS along thermal insulation joints: case study and a pathology catalogue
Authors: Freitas Sara Stingl de , de Freitas Vasco Peixoto 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present a case study of cracks on external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) along the thermal insulation joints and the information available on the building pathology catalogue – PATORREB. The aim is to establish the methodology to study the cause of the pathology observed on a building which is located on the interior of Portugal based on in situ probing together with the analysis of hygrothermal and mechanical behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach
– An in situ analysis was performed to assess the causes. The hygrothermal dynamic behaviour of the wall was analysed with a numerical simulation advanced tool considering the climatic conditions, the characteristics of the thermal insulation plates as well as the support and finishing layer properties. Moreover, a qualitatively analysis of the mechanical behaviour, based on the bonding process, thermal insulation and exterior rendering properties was performed.

Findings
– It was concluded that the insulation properties – thermal expansion coefficient and stiffness, the thermal expansion coefficient of the exterior rendering, together with adverse climatic conditions were critical for the appearance of cracks along the plate joints, particularly with spot bonding. The expansion and retraction stresses and the restrained movements of the components can result in bending moments, especially when the insulation material has a high stiffness value, which will create the crack on the rendering system.

Originality/value
– A combination between a hygrothermal and mechanical analysis of an ETICS pathology concerning the appearance of cracks with a subsequent integration into a building pathology catalogue.
How Much Can a Forensic Laboratory Do to Discriminate Questioned Ink Entries?
Authors: Sun Qiran , Luo Yiwen , Zhang Qinghua , Yang Xu , Xu Che 
Published: March 2016

AbstractQuestioned document examiners are frequently required to determine whether the questioned ink entries on a document are written with the same ink, either for forged document identification or relative ink dating. How many methods are sufficient to discriminate potentially different inks? In this paper, 18 blue ballpoint inks were first nondestructively examined with a video spectral comparator. The ink entries were subsequently extracted with organic solvents for analysis of the volatile solvents and dyes by GC/MS, TLC, and LC‐MS/MS. The 18 ink samples were divided into 10, 9, 12, and 14 categories by these four methods, respectively. With the combined results, there were only two inks that remained indistinguishable, but they were further differentiated by microscopy. Therefore, to achieve effective discrimination of ballpoint ink entries, the authors suggest that a complete examination should include an analysis of their optical features, volatile solvents, and dyes as well as the ink quality.
The Effects of Soil Texture on the Ability of Human Remains Detection Dogs to Detect Buried Human Remains
Authors: Alexander Michael B. , Hodges Theresa K. , Wescott Daniel J. , Aitkenhead‐Peterson Jacqueline A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDespite technological advances, human remains detection (HRD) dogs still remain one of the best tools for locating clandestine graves. However, soil texture may affect the escape of decomposition gases and therefore the effectiveness of HDR dogs. Six nationally credentialed HRD dogs (three HRD only and three cross‐trained) were evaluated on novel buried human remains in contrasting soils, a clayey and a sandy soil. Search time and accuracy were compared for the clayey soil and sandy soil to assess odor location difficulty. Sandy soil (p < 0.001) yielded significantly faster trained response times, but no significant differences were found in performance accuracy between soil textures or training method. Results indicate soil texture may be significant factor in odor detection difficulty. Prior knowledge of soil texture and moisture may be useful for search management and planning. Appropriate adjustments to search segment sizes, sweep widths and search time allotment depending on soil texture may optimize successful detection.
Association between fluid balance and mortality in patients with septic shock: a post hoc analysis of the TRISS trial
Authors: Cronhjort M. , Hjortrup P. B. , Holst L. B. , Joelsson‐Alm E. , Mårtensson J. , Svensen C. , Perner A. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundSeveral studies have shown an association between a positive fluid balance and increased mortality in patients with septic shock. This may have led to a more restrictive use of intravenous fluids. The association between fluid accumulation and mortality in the setting of a more restrictive use of intravenous fluids, however, is uncertain. We therefore aimed to investigate the association between a cumulative fluid balance 3 days after randomization and 90‐day mortality in a recent Nordic multicentre cohort of patients with septic shock.MethodsA post hoc analysis of patients from the Transfusion Requirements in Septic Shock (TRISS) trial treated for 3 days or more in the ICU after randomization. The patients were categorized into four groups depending on their weight‐adjusted cumulative fluid balance after 3 days. We performed multivariable Cox regression analysis, adjusting for important prognostics (study site, age, chronic cardiovascular and chronic lung disease, haematologic malignancy, chronic dialysis, source of infection, baseline SOFA score and plasma lactate).ResultsThe median cumulative fluid balance of the 841 included patients was 2480 ml (IQR 47‐5045). The median time from ICU admission to inclusion in the trial was 22 h. The overall 90‐day mortality was 52%. There was no statistically significant association between fluid balance 3 days from inclusion and 90‐day mortality after the adjustment for the prognostics (P = 0.37).ConclusionIn our cohort of patients with septic shock and a comparably low cumulative fluid balance, there was no association between fluid balance and mortality. However, the study design and the limited power preclude strong conclusions. There is an urgent need for high‐quality trials assessing the benefit and harm of different fluid volume strategies in patients with septic shock.
Course of residual symptoms according to the duration of euthymia in remitted bipolar patients
Authors: Samalin L. , Reinares M. , de Chazeron I. , Torrent C. , Bonnin C. M. , Hidalgo‐Mazzei D. , Murru A. , Pacchiarotti I. , Geoffroy P. A. , Bellivier F. , Llorca P. M. , Vieta E. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveAlthough many studies showed the negative impact of residual symptoms on the course of bipolar disorder (BD), there is a need to examine potential differences in residual symptoms according to the duration of euthymia in remitted BD patients.MethodThis was a large cross‐sectional study of 525 euthymic BD out‐patients. A multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to compare depressive and manic residual symptoms, sleep disturbances and cognitive complaints among three patient groups on the basis of duration of euthymia (A. 6 months to <1 year; B. 1 year to <3 years; C. 3 years to ≤5 years).ResultsA significant difference between the three groups was found in residual symptoms [Pillai's Trace: F(8942) = 4.659, P < 0.001]. Tukey post hoc analysis indicated that patients from Group C presented lower residual depressive symptoms, higher sleep quality and better perceived cognitive performance compared with Group A. Group B also presented better sleep and cognitive outcomes than Group A. In addition, Group C showed the lowest incidence of functional impairment.ConclusionThis study suggests that the intensity of residual symptoms and functional impairment in remitted BD patients is negatively related to the duration of euthymia.
A genome‐wide association study of copy number variations with umbilical hernia in swine
Authors: Long Yi , Su Ying , Ai Huashui , Zhang Zhiyan , Yang Bin , Ruan Guorong , Xiao Shijun , Liao Xinjun , Ren Jun , Huang Lusheng , Ding Nengshui 
Published: March 2016

SummaryUmbilical hernia (UH) is one of the most common congenital defects in pigs, leading to considerable economic loss and serious animal welfare problems. To test whether copy number variations (CNVs) contribute to pigUH, we performed a case–control genome‐wideCNVassociation study on 905 pigs from the Duroc, Landrace and Yorkshire breeds using the PorcineSNP60 BeadChip andpenncnvalgorithm. We first constructed a genomic map comprising 6193CNVs that pertain to 737CNVregions. Then, we identified eightCNVs significantly associated with the risk forUHin the three pig breeds. Six of seven significantly associatedCNVs were validated using quantitative real‐timePCR. Notably, a rareCNV(CNV14:13030843–13059455) encompassing theNUGGCgene was strongly associated withUH(permutation‐correctedP = 0.0015) in Duroc pigs. ThisCNVoccurred exclusively in seven Duroc UH‐affected individuals.SNPs surrounding theCNVdid not show association signals, indicating that rareCNVs may play an important role in complex pig diseases such asUH. TheNUGGCgene has been implicated in human omphalocele and inguinal hernia. Our finding supports thatCNVs, including theNUGGCCNV, contribute to the pathogenesis of pigUH.
India's post‐green‐revolution agricultural performance: what is driving growth?
Authors: Rada Nicholas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFollowing a period of poor performance in the 1990s, India's agricultural growth rate has reaccelerated in the 2000s. Some believe the reacceleration has been a product of intensified investment, which in turn has spurred yield growth. Others suggest it is because India's newly wealthy citizens have demanded greater product diversification. To examine these hypotheses, we use growth accounting techniques in conjunction with more complete agricultural production data than in past studies to construct state, regional, and national output, input, and total factor productivity quantity indexes, which can be decomposed into their underlying sources. Sectoral performance evaluation suggests that, since 1980, output growth has diffused away from the northern “grain belt” and toward high‐value agriculture in traditionally less‐productive regions. Productivity growth, rather than resource use, has accounted for these geographical and intensity shifts. The growth burst has not, as the literature has primarily argued, been uniquely explainable by yield growth or product diversification but by a variety of factors, including area expansion. For example, the contributions of irrigation technologies permitting double‐cropping have until now been largely ignored.
Uncommon cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders in two patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Carroll Melissa , Biswas Neela , Wheller Laura , Shepherd Victoria , Strutton Geoffrey M 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTwo patients with rheumatoid arthritis developed rare cutaneous lymphomas while on long‐term immunosuppression: extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal and plasmablastic lymphoma. We give an overview of these lymphomas in the context of rheumatoid arthritis and postulate whether these diagnoses could be iatrogenically induced.
Expression ratio of histone demethylase KDM3A to protamine‐1 mRNA is predictive of successful testicular sperm extraction in men with obstructive and non‐obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Javadirad S. M. , Hojati Z. , Ghaedi K. , Nasr‐Esfahani M. H. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryTo evaluate the predictive value of histone demethylase KDM3A to protamine 1 (PRM1) mRNA expression ratio as a reliable marker of sperm retrieval in men with obstructive and non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Fifty eight azoospermic men, including 44 with NOA and 14 with obstructive azoospermia (OA). Testis tissue samples were collected from azoospermic men who have been referred for testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and micro‐TESE. Relative expression ratio of KDM3A to PRM1 was analyzed after selection of approved reference genes. Histological classification of testis biopsies was performed. Sperm retrieval following TESE and micro‐TESE was evaluated. A sperm retrieval prediction sensitivity of 95% was established when the Cq of PRM1 became smaller than the Cq of both KDM3A and GAPDH genes. However, azoospermic men with down‐regulated KDM3A and decreased expression of PRM1 mRNA showed very low success for sperm retrieval (<25%), even after micro‐TESE surgery. The KDM3A to PRM1 mRNA expression ratio can be used as a reliable marker of successful testicular sperm extraction in men with obstructive and non‐obstructive azoospermia with 95% sensitivity.
Early introduction of palliative care and advanced care planning for children with complex chronic medical conditions: a pilot study
Authors: Liberman D. B. , Song E. , Radbill L. M. , Pham P. K. , Derrington S. F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundChildren with complex chronic medical conditions benefit from early introduction of palliative care services and advanced care planning for symptom management and to support quality of life and medical decision‐making. This study evaluated whether introducing palliative care during primary care appointments (1) was feasible; (2) increased access and improved knowledge of palliative care; and (3) facilitated advanced care planning.MethodsPilot study of a multi‐modal intervention including targeted education for primary care providers (PCPs), an informational packet for families and presence of a palliative care team member in the outpatient clinic. PCPs completed pre‐ and post‐surveys assessing experience, knowledge and comfort with palliative care. Enrolled families received an information packet; a subset also met a palliative care team member. All families were encouraged to make an appointment with the palliative care team, during which the team assessed palliative care needs and goals of care. Upon study completion, the investigators assessed family and PCP satisfaction and collected feedback on project feasibility.ResultsTwenty families were enrolled and received the information packet; 15 met a palliative care team member. Of the 17 participating families who were reached and completed a post‐study survey, 11 families had never heard of palliative care and 13 were unaware that the palliative care team existed. Most families perceived palliative care information as ‘very helpful’ and ‘very important’. All would recommend palliative care team services to others. Nine families followed up with the palliative care team, but none was prepared to complete an advanced care plan. PCPs reported lack of training in communicating bad news and conducting goals of care discussions. However, they felt increasingly comfortable introducing palliative care to families and supported program continuation.ConclusionsInitiating palliative care services in the outpatient primary care setting is logistically challenging but increases access to palliative care for children with complex chronic medical conditions and improves palliative care knowledge and comfort for PCPs.
Can Community and School‐Based Supports Improve the Achievement of First‐Generation Immigrant Children Attending High‐Poverty Schools?
Authors: Dearing Eric , Walsh Mary E. , Sibley Erin , Lee‐St.John Terry , Foley Claire , Raczek Anastacia E. 
Published: March 2016

Using a quasi‐experimental design, the effects of a student support intervention were estimated for the math and reading achievement of first‐generation immigrant children (n = 667, M = 11.05 years of age) attending high‐poverty, urban elementary schools. The intervention was designed to help schools identify developmental strengths and barriers to learning and, in turn, connect children to community and school supports aligned with their strengths and needs. By exploiting within‐school changes in the implementation of the intervention, the present study revealed statistically and practically significant treatment effects indicating improvements in math and reading achievement at the end of elementary school. In addition, the intervention appears to considerably narrow achievement gaps between English language learners and immigrant children proficient in English.
Quantizing Intersections Using Compact Voxels
Authors: Chen Y.‐Y. , Chen Y.‐J. , Chien S.‐Y. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEfficient intersection queries are important for ray tracing. However, building and maintaining the acceleration structures is demanding, especially for fully dynamic scenes. In this paper, we propose a quantized intersection framework based on compact voxels to quantize the intersection as an approximation. With high‐resolution voxels, the scene geometry can be well represented, which enables more accurate simulation of global illumination, such as detailed glossy reflections. In terms of memory usage in our graphics processing unit implementation, voxels are binarized and compactly encoded in a few 2D textures. We evaluate the rendering quality at various voxel resolutions. Empirically, high‐fidelity rendering can be achieved at the voxel resolution of 1 K3 or above, which produces images very similar to those of ray tracing. Moreover, we demonstrate the feasibility of our framework for various illumination effects with several applications, including first‐bounce indirect illumination, glossy refraction, path tracing, direct illumination, and ambient occlusion.
Measuring the impact of the pet trade on Indonesian birds
Authors: Harris J. Berton C. , Tingley Morgan W. , Hua Fangyuan , Yong Ding Li , Adeney J. Marion , Lee Tien Ming , Marthy William , Prawiradilaga Dewi M. , Sekercioglu Cagan H. , Suyadi   , Winarni Nurul , Wilcove David S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe trade in wild animals involves one‐third of the world's bird species and thousands of other vertebrate species. Although a few species are imperiled as a result of the wildlife trade, the lack of field studies makes it difficult to gauge how serious a threat it is to biodiversity. We used data on changes in bird abundances across space and time and information from trapper interviews to evaluate the effects of trapping wild birds for the pet trade in Sumatra, Indonesia. To analyze changes in bird abundance over time, we used data gathered over 14 years of repeated bird surveys in a 900‐ha forest in southern Sumatra. In northern Sumatra, we surveyed birds along a gradient of trapping accessibility, from the edge of roads to 5 km into the forest interior. We interviewed 49 bird trappers in northern Sumatra to learn which species they targeted and how far they went into the forest to trap. We used prices from Sumatran bird markets as a proxy for demand and, therefore, trapping pressure. Market price was a significant predictor of species declines over time in southern Sumatra (e.g., given a market price increase of approximately $50, the log change in abundance per year decreased by 0.06 on average). This result indicates a link between the market‐based pet trade and community‐wide species declines. In northern Sumatra, price and change in abundance were not related to remoteness (distance from the nearest road). However, based on our field surveys, high‐value species were rare or absent across this region. The median maximum distance trappers went into the forest each day was 5.0 km. This suggests that trapping has depleted bird populations across our remoteness gradient. We found that less than half of Sumatra's remaining forests are >5 km from a major road. Our results suggest that trapping for the pet trade threatens birds in Sumatra. Given the popularity of pet birds across Southeast Asia, additional studies are urgently needed to determine the extent and magnitude of the threat posed by the pet trade.
Increased hepatic progenitor cell response and ductular reaction in patients with severe recurrent HCV post‐liver transplantation
Authors: Sclair Seth N. , Fiel Maria Isabel , Wu Hai‐Shan , Doucette John , Aloman Costica , Schiano Thomas D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesPost‐liver transplant (LT) hepatitis C virus (HCV) patients may develop allograft cirrhosis and rarely fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (FCH), while others have a stable course. Hepatic progenitor cells (HPC) may be implicated in liver injury and fibrogenesis through ductular reaction (DR). We studied HPC response and DR in three distinct post‐LT patterns of HCV: stable recurrence, allograft cirrhosis, and FCH.MethodsWe identified 52 patients with untreated recurrent HCV and longitudinal liver biopsies (20 stable/23 cirrhosis/9 FCH) and eight healthy controls. Archived liver biopsy specimens for three time points (LT; initial recurrence; and clinical outcome) were stained for cytokeratin‐7. Manual HPC counts and DR quantification using image analysis were performed.ResultsHCV counts and DR at LT did not differ across groups. At initial recurrence, HPC expansion occurred only in patients who developed cirrhosis, while prominent DR was present in those who developed FCH vs. stable and controls (p < 0.05). At outcome biopsies, HPC response and DR were increased in cirrhosis and FCH vs. stable and controls (p < 0.05). HPC response and DR did not differ in stable vs. controls.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that an altered HPC response assessed by cytokeratin‐7 stain after LT may predict severity of HCV recurrence.
Increased mortality in a Danish cohort of young people with Type 1 diabetes mellitus followed for 24 years
Authors: Sandahl K. , Nielsen L. B. , Svensson J. , Johannesen J. , Pociot F. , Mortensen H. B. , Hougaard P. , Broe R. , Rasmussen M. L. , Grauslund J. , Peto T. , Olsen B. S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimTo determine the mortality rate in a Danish cohort of children and adolescents diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes mellitus compared with the general population.MethodsIn 1987 and 1989 we included 884 children and 1020 adolescents aged 20 years and under, corresponding to 75% of all Danish children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes, in two nationwide studies in Denmark. Those who had participated in both investigations (n = 720) were followed until 1 January 2014, using the Danish Civil Registration System on death certificates and emigration. We derived the expected number of deaths in the cohort, using population data values from Statistics Denmark to calculate the standardized mortality ratio. Survival analysis was performed using Cox proportional hazards model.ResultsDuring the 24 years of follow‐up, 49 (6.8%) patients died, resulting in a standardized mortality ratio of 4.8 (95% confidence interval 3.5, 6.2) compared with the age‐standardized general population. A 1% increase in baseline HbA1c (1989), available in 718 of 720 patients, was associated with all‐cause mortality (hazard ratio = 1.38; 95% confidence interval 1.2, 1.6; P < 0.0001). Type 1 diabetes with multiple complications was the most common reported cause of death (36.7%).ConclusionWe found an increased mortality rate in this cohort of children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes compared with the general population. The only predictor for increased risk of death up to 24 years after inclusion was the HbA1c level in 1989. This emphasizes the importance of achieving optimal metabolic control in young people with Type 1 diabetes.