bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practice-Based Research Networks, Part I: Clinical Laboratories to Generate and Translate Research Findings Into Effective Patient Care
Authors: Sauers Eric L. , McLeod Tamara C. Valovich , Bay R. Curtis 
Published: March 2017

Context
To improve patient care, athletic training clinicians and researchers should work together to translate research findings into clinical practice. Problems with patient care observed in clinical practice should be translated into research frameworks, where they can be studied. Practice-based research networks (PBRNs) provide a compelling model for linking clinicians and researchers so they can conduct translational research to improve patient care.

Objective
To describe (1) the translational research model, (2) practice-based research as a mechanism for translating research findings into clinical practice, (3) the PBRN model and infrastructure, (4) the research potential using the PBRN model, and (5) protection of human participants in PBRN research.

Description
Translational research is the process of transforming research findings into health behavior that ultimately serves the public and attempts to bridge the gap between research and clinical practice. Practice-based research represents the final step in the translational research continuum and describes research conducted by providers in clinical practices. The PBRNs are characterized by an organizational framework that transcends a single site or study and serves as the clinical research “laboratory” for conducting comparative-effectiveness studies using patient-oriented measures. The PBRN approach to research has many benefits, including enhanced generalizability of results, pooling of resources, rapid patient recruitment, and collaborative opportunities. However, multisite research also brings challenges related to the protection of human participants and institutional review board oversight.

Clinical and Research Advantages
Athletic training studies frequently include relatively few participants and, consequently, are able to detect only large effects. The incidence of injury at a single site is sufficiently low that gathering enough data to adequately power a treatment study may take many years. Collaborative efforts across diverse clinical practice environments can yield larger patient samples to overcome the limitations inherent in single-site research efforts.
Knee Proprioception and Strength and Landing Kinematics During a Single-Leg Stop-Jump Task
Authors: Nagai Takashi , Sell Timothy C. , House Anthony J. , Abt John P. , Lephart Scott M. 
Published: March 2017

Context
The importance of the sensorimotor system in maintaining a stable knee joint has been recognized. As individual entities, knee-joint proprioception, landing kinematics, and knee muscles play important roles in functional joint stability. Preventing knee injuries during dynamic tasks requires accurate proprioceptive information and adequate muscular strength. Few investigators have evaluated the relationship between knee proprioception and strength and landing kinematics.

Objective
To examine the relationship between knee proprioception and strength and landing kinematics.

Design
Cross-sectional study.

Setting
University research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants
Fifty physically active men (age = 26.4 ± 5.8 years, height = 176.5 ± 8.0 cm, mass = 79.8 ± 16.6 kg).

Intervention(s)
Three tests were performed. Knee conscious proprioception was evaluated via threshold to detect passive motion (TTDPM). Knee strength was evaluated with a dynamometer. A 3-dimensional biomechanical analysis of a single-legged stop-jump task was used to calculate initial contact (IC) knee-flexion angle and knee-flexion excursion.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
The TTDPM toward knee flexion and extension, peak knee flexion and extension torque, and IC knee-flexion angle and knee flexion excursion. Linear correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationships of both proprioception and strength against landing kinematics. The α level was set a priori at .05.

Results
Enhanced TTDPM and greater knee strength were positively correlated with greater IC knee-flexion angle (r range = 0.281–0.479, P range = .001–.048). The regression analysis revealed that 27.4% of the variance in IC knee-flexion angle could be accounted for by knee-flexion peak torque and TTDPM toward flexion (P = .001).

Conclusions
The current research highlighted the relationship between knee proprioception and strength and landing kinematics. Individuals with enhanced proprioception and muscular strength had better control of IC knee-flexion angle during a dynamic task.
Investigación de la enseñanza ética de los periodistas en España. Análisis bibliométrico y prescripciones formativas aplicadas (2005-2015)
Authors: Redondo Marta , Sánchez-García Pilar , Etura Dunia 
Published: March 2017

El artículo recoge un estudio bibliométrico de las investigaciones publicadas en revistas científicas indexadas del ámbito español sobre la enseñanza de la ética y la deontología periodísticas con el fin de realizar un balance del estado de la investigación y detectar los puntos fuertes y las posibles carencias analíticas, además de establecer prescripciones en un momento de transformación comunicativa. Metodología. Se recurre a una metodología mixta apoyada en técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas de revisión documental y análisis de contenido aplicado a las 52 revistas de Comunicación de la base de datos DICE (2005-2015), analizando tres categorías: fuente, contenido y prescripciones formativas. Resultados. El estudio detecta un limitado interés por parte de los investigadores y universidades españolas con el resultado concreto de ocho artículos dedicados a la enseñanza ética en diez años de especial relevancia por los cambios formativos y tecnológicos y ante los retos éticos del nuevo entorno comunicativo. Los expertos analizados prescriben una enseñanza de la ética basada en la filosofía aplicada a partir de estudios de caso. Discusión. Las lagunas de investigación detectadas en torno a los nuevos dilemas éticos permiten destacar la necesidad de intensificar el debate académico acerca de la importancia que debe tener la asignatura en los planes de estudio de Periodismo, así como la adaptación de la materia al entorno digital.
Re-visiting the flipped classroom in a design context
Authors: Coyne Richard David , Lee John , Petrova Denitsa 
Published: March 2017

<p class="JLDAbstract">After explaining our experience with a flipped classroom model of learning, we argue that the approach brings to light the dramaturgical and mediatized aspects of learning experiences that favour a closer connection between recorded content and “live” presentation by the lecturer. We adopted the flipped classroom approach to learning and teaching in a class of over 100 postgraduate level university students, some learning at a distance, and run over two successive years. This article describes the format of the lecture recordings, class activities and assessment method. We also describe the outcome of course evaluation, and present what we learned from the process. </p>
The influence of theory and student feedback on learning design
Authors: Lloyd Margaret , Bahr Nan 
Published: March 2017

<p>The papers in this issue put paid to the simplistic objective binary that teachers teach and students learn. The complex reality is that teachers design and scaffold student learning experiences based on theoretical constructs and discipline standards. Xia (<em>this </em>issue) concisely explains that “goals are set in order to reach a specific performance outcome” and that “learning outcomes can be defined in general as acting as a benchmark for ensuring teaching quality” (p. 25). These experiences are then customised to meet particular student needs and contexts and, in turn, modified for logistical reasons such as timing or access to human and physical resources.</p><p> <span style="font-size: 10px;">The main reason for modification, however, is clearly from student feedback. This feedback, in turn, is substantively drawn from affective responses and inherent goals and capacities which can include: prior experience, background, personality, academic background, interests, cognitive ability, quality of teaching and student expectation (Xia, </span><em style="font-size: 10px;">this issue</em><span style="font-size: 10px;">).</span></p>
Forced migration and internally displaced persons: Latin America and Europe
Authors: Bijos Leila 
Published: March 2017

The aim of this research is to analyze immigration and internal displacement focusing on human rights. The analysis will concentrate on conflict induced internal displacement, causes of internal displacement due to environment change, natural disasters, which are in mostof the cases interlinked with political conflicts, causing the forced movement of families .This is an empirical research which critically will examine the changing dynamics of forced displacement and the challenges faced by affected states and the international community.More specifically, it analyzes key developments in immigration policy and practice; it re-examines the contemporary scenario around durable solutions in a context of policy issues related to internally displaced persons and stateless population.
Survey of owner motivations and veterinary input of owners feeding diets containing raw animal products
Authors: Morgan Stewart K. , Willis Susan , Shepherd Megan L. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe practice of feeding of diets containing raw animal products (RAP) to pets (dogs and cats) is discouraged by veterinary organizations and governmental public health organizations. Nevertheless, the practice of feeding RAP to pets is increasing in popularity. Pet owner motivations for feeding RAP diets to pets have not been explored and the benefits of RAP diets remain largely anecdotal. We hypothesized that pet owners feeding RAP diets would not rely on veterinary advice in choosing their pet’s diet. We also hypothesized that these owners would have lower levels of trust in veterinary advice with respect to nutrition relative to pet owners not feeding RAP.MethodsAn anonymous web-based survey was developed to identify pet owner motivations for feeding RAP diets, and to characterize the veterinarian-client relationships of individuals feeding RAP diets.ResultsThere were 2,337 respondents and 2,171 completed surveys. Of survey respondents, 804 reported feeding RAP at the time of the survey. While 20% of pet owners feeding RAP relied on online resources to determine what or how much RAP to feed, only 9% reported consulting with a veterinarian in making decisions about feeding RAP. Pet owners feeding RAP reported lower levels of trust in veterinary advice both ‘in general’ and ‘with respect to nutrition’ than pet owners not feeding RAP. Most pet owners reported that a discussion regarding their pet’s nutrition does not occur at every veterinary appointment.DiscussionPet owners feeding a RAP diet have lower trust in veterinary advice than pet owners not feeding a RAP diet. Owners feeding RAP are more reliant on online resources than their own veterinarian in deciding what and how much RAP to feed. Pet owners perceive that nutrition is not discussed at most veterinary appointments. Therefore, there is room for improvement in the veterinarian-client communication with regards to nutrition.
Slab dehydration and earthquake distribution beneath southwestern and central Japan based on three‐dimensional thermal modeling
Authors: Ji Yingfeng , Yoshioka Shoichi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe developed a 3‐D thermal convection model to estimate the thermal regime, water content distribution, and slab dehydration beneath southwestern and central Japan, where deep tectonic tremors and short‐term slow slip events (S‐SSEs) are frequently observed on the plate interface extending from the western Shikoku to the Tokai district. The results showed that the pressure‐temperature (P‐T) conditions for the S‐SSEs, deep tectonic tremors, and regular earthquakes indicate that they probably originated from slab dehydration in association with subduction, resulting in a phase transformation from prehnite‐actinolite/lawsonite blueschist to amphibolite with a large thermal gradient. Slab dehydration and the thermal gradient in the dip direction are considered key factors for controlling the seismogenesis of slow and regular earthquakes in the Philippine Sea plate beneath southwestern and central Japan, although the deep tectonic tremors are more complicated because they are likely favored by a comparatively low temperature gradient in southwestern Japan.
A modeling study of the impact of major storms on seabed shear stress and sediment transport on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland
Authors: Li Michael Z. , Wu Yongsheng , Han Guoqi , Prescott Robert H. , Tang Charles C. L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWaves, current, and sediment transport processes in major storms on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland were simulated using integrated wave, three‐dimensional tide and circulation, and combined‐flow sediment transport models. While the tidal and nontidal currents are generally low and cause little sediment transport, storm‐induced waves and currents enhance bed shear velocity by more than 5 times and cause significant sediment transport over the entire Grand Banks. The impact of storms on shear stress and transport strongly depends on water depths and the greatest impact occurs over the bathymetric highs on southeastern Grand Bank where the maximum shear velocity reaches 15 cm s−1 and the maximum transport rates are >5 kg m−1 s−1. The direction of sediment transport rotates clockwise progressively through nearly 360° during the passage of a storm. Although peak transport typically occurs on central and southeastern Grand Bank with a southeastward direction, the magnitude, direction, and timing of peak transport show strong spatial and temporal variability. The variability of the peak transport largely depends on the timing and relative intensity of the waves and the total bottom currents which in turn depends on the addition of the storm‐induced and tidal currents. The calculation of the maximum transport potential suggests that sediments as coarse as small pebbles are mobile in water depths <80 m under 1:1 year storms and that medium sand is transported in water depths as deep as 200 m during major storms. Results of the sediment transport models corroborate the observed sediment erosion and accretion patterns.
On the role of sea‐state in bubble‐mediated air‐sea gas flux during a winter storm
Authors: Liang Jun‐Hong , Emerson Steven R. , D'Asaro Eric A. , McNeil Craig L. , Harcourt Ramsey R. , Sullivan Peter P. , Yang Bo , Cronin Meghan F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOceanic bubbles play an important role in the air‐sea exchange of weakly soluble gases at moderate to high wind speeds. A Lagrangian bubble model embedded in a large eddy simulation model is developed to study bubbles and their influence on dissolved gases in the upper ocean. The transient evolution of mixed‐layer dissolved oxygen and nitrogen gases at Ocean Station Papa (50°N, 145°W) during a winter storm is reproduced with the model. Among different physical processes, gas bubbles are the most important in elevating dissolved gas concentrations during the storm, while atmospheric pressure governs the variability of gas saturation anomaly (the relative departure of dissolved gas concentration from the saturation concentration). For the same wind speed, bubble‐mediated gas fluxes are larger during rising wind with smaller wave age than during falling wind with larger wave age. Wave conditions are the primary cause for the bubble gas flux difference: when wind strengthens, waves are less‐developed with respect to wind, resulting in more frequent large breaking waves. Bubble generation in large breaking waves is favorable for a large bubble‐mediated gas flux. The wave‐age dependence is not included in any existing bubble‐mediated gas flux parameterizations.
Examining impacts of mass‐diameter (m‐D) and area‐diameter (A‐D) relationships of ice particles on retrievals of effective radius and ice water content from radar and lidar measurements
Authors: Ham Seung‐Hee , Kato Seiji , Rose Fred G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMass‐diameter (m‐D) and projected area‐diameter (A‐D) relations are often used to describe the shape of nonspherical ice particles. This study analytically investigates how retrieved effective radius (reff) and ice water content (IWC) from radar and lidar measurements depend on the assumption of m‐D [m(D) = a Db] and A‐D [A(D) = γ Dδ] relationships. We assume that unattenuated reflectivity factor (Z) and visible extinction coefficient (kext) by cloud particles are available from the radar and lidar measurements, respectively. A sensitivity test shows that reff increases with increasing a, decreasing b, decreasing γ, and increasing δ. It also shows that a 10% variation of a, b, γ, and δ induces more than a 100% change of reff. In addition, we consider both gamma and lognormal particle size distributions (PSDs) and examine the sensitivity of reff to the assumption of PSD. It is shown that reff increases by up to 10% with increasing dispersion (μ) of the gamma PSD by 2, when large ice particles are predominant. Moreover, reff decreases by up to 20% with increasing the width parameter (ω) of the lognormal PSD by 0.1. We also derive an analytic conversion equation between two effective radii when different particle shapes and PSD assumptions are used. When applying the conversion equation to nine types of m‐D and A‐D relationships, reff easily changes up to 30%. The proposed reff conversion method can be used to eliminate the inconsistency of assumptions that made in a cloud retrieval algorithm and a forward radiative transfer model.
An evaluation of real‐time troposphere estimation based on GNSS Precise Point Positioning
Authors: Ding Wenwu , Teferle Felix Norman , Kazmierski Kamil , Laurichesse Denis , Yuan Yunbin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIt is anticipated that the performance of real‐time (RT) GNSS meteorology can be further improved by incorporating observations from multiple Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), including GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou. In this paper, an operational RT system for extracting zenith troposphere delay (ZTD) using a modified version of the Precise Point Positioning With Integer and Zero‐difference Ambiguity Resolution Demonstrator (PPP‐WIZARD) was established. GNSS, including GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo, observation streams were processed using RT Precise Point Positioning (PPP) strategy based on RT satellite orbit/clock products from the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales. An experiment covering 30 days was conducted, in which the observation streams of 20 globally distributed stations were processed. The initialization time and accuracy of the RT troposphere results using single‐system and multisystem observations were evaluated. The effect of PPP ambiguity resolution was also evaluated. Results reveal that RT troposphere estimates based on single‐system observations can both be applied in weather nowcasting, in which the GPS‐only solution is better than the GLONASS‐only solution. The performance can also be improved by PPP ambiguity resolution and utilizing GNSS observations. Specifically, we notice that ambiguity resolution is more effective in improving the accuracy of ZTD, whereas the initialization process can be better accelerated by GNSS observations. Combining all techniques, the RT troposphere results with an average accuracy of about 8 mm in ZTD can be achieved after an initialization process of approximately 8.5 min, which demonstrates superior results for applying GNSS observations and ambiguity resolution for RT meteorological applications.
The characteristics of weakly forced mountain‐to‐plain precipitation systems based on radar observations and high‐resolution reanalysis
Authors: Xiao Xian , Sun Juanzhen , Chen Mingxuan , Qie Xiushu , Wang Yingchun , Ying Zhuming 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe metropolis of Beijing in China is located on a plain adjacent to high mountains to its northwest and the gulf of the Bohai Sea to its southeast. One of the most challenging forecast problems for Beijing is to predict whether thunderstorms initiating over the mountains will propagate to the adjacent plains and intensify. In this study, 18 warm season convective cases between 2008 and 2013 initiating on the mountains and intensifying on the plains under weak synoptic forcing were analyzed to gain an understanding of their characteristics. The statistical analysis was based on mosaic reflectivity data from six operational Doppler radars and reanalysis data produced by the Four‐Dimensional Variational Doppler Radar Analysis System (VDRAS). The analysis of the radar reflectivity data shows that convective precipitation strengthened on the plains at certain preferred locations. To investigate the environmental conditions favoring the strengthening of the mountain‐to‐plain convective systems, statistical diagnoses of the rapid‐update (12 min) 3 km reanalyses from VDRAS for the 18 cases were performed by computing the horizontal and temporal means of convective available potential energy, convective inhibition, vertical wind shear, and low‐level wind for the plain and mountain regions separately. The results were compared with those from a baseline representing the warm season average and from a set of null cases and found considerable differences in these fields between the three data sets. The mean distributions of VDRAS reanalysis fields were also examined. The results suggest that the convergence between the low‐level outflows associated with cold pools and the south‐southeasterly environmental flows corresponds well with the preferred locations of convective intensification on the plains.
The impact of simulated mesoscale convective systems on global precipitation: A multiscale modeling study
Authors: Tao Wei‐Kuo , Chern Jiun‐Dar 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe importance of precipitating mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) has been quantified from TRMM precipitation radar and microwave imager retrievals. MCSs generate more than 50% of the rainfall in most tropical regions. MCSs usually have horizontal scales of a few hundred kilometers (km); therefore, a large domain with several hundred km is required for realistic simulations of MCSs in cloud‐resolving models (CRMs). Almost all traditional global and climate models do not have adequate parameterizations to represent MCSs. Typical multiscale modeling frameworks (MMFs) may also lack the resolution (4 km grid spacing) and domain size (128 km) to realistically simulate MCSs. The impact of MCSs on precipitation is examined by conducting model simulations using the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE, a CRM) model and Goddard MMF that uses the GCEs as its embedded CRMs. Both models can realistically simulate MCSs with more grid points (i.e., 128 and 256) and higher resolutions (1 or 2 km) compared to those simulations with fewer grid points (i.e., 32 and 64) and low resolution (4 km). The modeling results also show the strengths of the Hadley circulations, mean zonal and regional vertical velocities, surface evaporation, and amount of surface rainfall are weaker or reduced in the Goddard MMF when using more CRM grid points and higher CRM resolution. In addition, the results indicate that large‐scale surface evaporation and wind feedback are key processes for determining the surface rainfall amount in the GMMF. A sensitivity test with reduced sea surface temperatures shows both reduced surface rainfall and evaporation.