bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatal Crashes from Drivers Testing Positive for Drugs in the U.S., 1993–2010
Authors: Wilson Fernando A. , Stimpson Jim P. , Pagán José A. 
Published: July 2017

Objective. Illegal drug use is a persistent problem, prescription drug abuse is on the rise, and there is clinical evidence that drug use reduces driving performance. This study describes trends in characteristics of drivers involved in fatal motor vehicle crashes who test positive for drugs. Methods. We used the Fatality Analysis Reporting System—a census of motor vehicle crashes resulting in at least one fatality on U.S. public roads—to investigate suspected drug use for the period 1993–2010. Results. Drugged drivers who were tested for drug use accounted for 11.4% of all drivers involved in fatal motor vehicle crashes in 2010. Drugged drivers are increasingly likely to be older drivers, and the percentage using multiple drugs increased from 32.6% in 1993 to 45.8% in 2010. About half (52.4%) of all drugged drivers used alcohol, but nearly three-quarters of drivers testing positive for cocaine also used alcohol. Prescription drugs accounted for the highest fraction of drugs used by drugged drivers in fatal crashes in 2010 (46.5%), with much of the increase in prevalence occurring since the mid-2000s. Conclusions. The profile of a drugged driver has changed substantially over time. An increasing share of these drivers is now testing positive for prescription drugs, cannabis, and multiple drugs. These findings have implications for developing interventions to address the changing nature of drug use among drivers in the U.S.
Associations between the Department of Veterans Affairs' Suicide Prevention Campaign and Calls to Related Crisis Lines
Authors: Bossarte Robert M. , Karras Elizabeth , Lu Naiji , Tu Xin , Stephens Brady , Draper John , Kemp Janet E. 
Published: July 2017

Objective. The Transit Authority Suicide Prevention (TASP) campaign was launched by the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in a limited number of U.S. cities to promote the use of crisis lines among veterans of military service. Methods. We obtained the daily number of calls to the VCL and National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (NSPL) for six implementation cities (where the campaign was active) and four control cities (where there was no TASP campaign messaging) for a 14-month period. To identify changes in call volume associated with campaign implementation, VCL and NSPL daily call counts for three time periods of equal length (pre-campaign, during campaign, and post-campaign) were modeled using a Poisson log-linear regression with inference based on the generalized estimating equations. Results. Statistically significant increases in calls to both the VCL and the NSPL were reported during the TASP campaign in implementation cities, but were not reported in control cities during or following the campaign. Secondary outcome measures were also reported for the VCL and included the percentage of callers who are veterans, and calls resulting in a rescue during the study period. Conclusions. Results from this study reveal some promise for suicide prevention messaging to promote the use of telephone crisis services and contribute to an emerging area of research examining the effects of campaigns on help seeking.
Improving the rehabilitative management of client sexual health concerns after neurological disability: evaluation of a staff sexuality training programme in New Zealand
Authors: Simpson Grahame , Anwar Samir , Wilson Joan , Bertapelle Tanya 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a staff sexuality training programme as a means of improving the rehabilitative management of client sexual health concerns after neurological disability. Design: A prospective controlled pre- and posttest evaluation design with six-month follow-up. Subjects: Seventy-four multidisciplinary rehabilitation and disability staff who attended a two-day workshop, and a control group of 25 staff members who did not receive the training. Setting: Two workshops were held at major rehabilitation centres in the North and South Islands of New Zealand respectively. Main measures: The Sex Attitude Scale, as well as three purpose-designed measures including an objective knowledge test, a self-rating inventory of skills and clinical activity, and a single-item measure of the degree of staff comfort. Results: Workshop participants showed significant increases in knowledge, skills and comfort comparing pre-to post-workshop scores. A number of these gains were maintained at the six-month follow-up. There was an associated increase in the level of reported staff activity in addressing patient/client sexual health concerns in the six months to follow-up, compared to a similar time period preceding the workshop. In contrast, the control group had similar pre-workshop scores to the workshop participants, but recorded no increase on the measures, or in their level of reported activity, at the six-month follow-up. Conclusions: The programme showed initial promise as an effective intervention in upgrading the capacity of staff working in rehabilitation and disability agencies to address the sexual health concerns of their patients/clients.
Can quality of movement be measured? Rasch analysis and inter-rater reliability of the Motor Evaluation Scale for Upper Extremity in Stroke Patients (MESUPES)
Authors: Van de Winckel Ann , Feys Hilde , van der Knaap Suzan , Messerli Ruth , Baronti Fabio , Lehmann Ruth , Van Hemelrijk Bart , Pante` Franca , Perfetti Carlo , De Weerdt Willy 
Published: July 2017

Objective: Clinical scales evaluating arm function after stroke are weak at detecting quality of movement. Therefore a new scale, the Motor Evaluation Scale for Upper Extremity in Stroke Patients (MESUPES), was developed, comprising 22 items pertaining to arm and hand performance. The scale was investigated for validity and unidimensionality using the Rasch measurement model, and for inter-rater reliability. Setting: Twelve hospitals and rehabilitation centres in Belgium, Germany and Switzerland. Patients: There were 396 patients (average age 63.38±12.89 years) in the Rasch study and 56 patients (average age 65.68±12.75 years) in the reliability study. Main measures: The scale was examined on its fit to the Rasch model, thereby evaluating the scale’s unidimensionality and validity. Differential item functioning was performed to test the stability of item hierarchy on several variables. Inter-rater reliability was examined with kappa values, weighted percentage agreement and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: Based on Rasch analysis, five items were removed. The MESUPES was divided in two tests: the MESUPES-arm test (8 items) and MESUPES-hand test (9 items). Both scales fitted the Rasch model. All items were stable among the subgroups of the sample. ICCs were 0.95 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91 -0.97) and 0.97 (95% CI 0.95-0.98) for the total score on arm and hand test respectively. The scale was also reliable at item level (weighted kappa 0.62 -0.79, weighted percentage agreement 85.71 -98.21). Conclusion: The MESUPES-arm and MESUPES-hand meet the statistical properties of reliability, validity and unidimensionality. Both tests provide a useful clinical and research tool to qualitatively evaluate arm and hand function during recovery after stroke.
The Speed Capital of the World: Organizing the Methamphetamine Industry in Philadelphia 1970–1990
Authors: Jenkins Philip 
Published: July 2017

Synthetic narcotics have received relatively little attention in the growing scholarly literature on drugs, though synthetics like PCP, amphetamines and “designer” drugs play a major role in the illicit economy. This case-study focuses on the organization of the illicit manufacture and distribution of methamphetamine in the Philadelphia area, which for several years was believed to play a critical role in national production of this drug. There are several important implications for policy. Given the enormous attention paid to the “drug war” in recent years, it becomes imperative to ensure that resources are correctly and effectively targeted. In this context, there has been much debate about the exact role of the Mafia, or “traditional” organized crime. This paper suggests that the Mafia has indeed been extremely important in the narcotics trade, especially through union locals within its control. However, we must also emphasize the role of a wide range of other ethnic groups, often working independently of La Cosa Nostra. Finally, it is suggested that conventional organizational, financial and structural models can be applied to this particular area of illicit business.
Rejoinder: Contradictions and Irony in Policy Research
Authors: Morales Alfonso , Balkin Steven , Persky Joseph 
Published: July 2017

We have been stimulated by this exchange on both personal and intellectual levels. Intellectual pursuits have been subdivided by scholars with various interests. However, specialization is not in itself an evil, except when it constrains fruitful analysis of empirical issues that have real-world implications for social policy and people's lives. Problems of social life and social policy typically speak to and provoke scholars of all kinds. Hence opportunities to investigate empirical interests from a variety of perspectives are opportunities forus all to learn the strengths and limitations of our tools. We wish this kind of discussion about the importance of the informal sector and marketplaces had occurred before the destruction of the Maxwell Street Market. This exchange might have further informed policy decisions and perhaps avoided some of the negative effects of dismantling the market. Nonetheless, we thank those who commented for their thoughtful responses. We agree with many but not all of their views, as the responses below suggest. Our methodology involved integrating ethnography and analytical economics; throughout, we have tried to strike a reasonable balance between analysis and participation.
Investigating Praxis Inquiry within Teacher Education Using Giddens' Structuration Theory
Authors: Burridge Peter , Carpenter Cathryn , Cherednichenko Brenda , Kruger Tony 
Published: July 2017

Partnerships are the foundation of teacher education at Victoria University in Australia. They provide opportunities for preservice teachers to be inquiring and socially active practitioners. These partnerships have been developed between the university and a broad range of educational settings in the community. Preservice teachers work in these settings, evaluating and responding to the educational needs of the organization as well as the individual learners and their families. Utilizing the components of Giddens' structuration theory as the theoretical basis for analysis, we analyzed three case studies of this practice-driven or praxis-inquiry approach to teacher education through partnerships. The exploration of the experiences described suggests that praxis inquiry is an approach that contributes to effective personalized learning opportunities, increased human agency, and broader perspectives on social responsibility. This research methodology explores new approaches to researching practice and to building the capacity of educators to understand practice and its impact through reflexive inquiry.
Guidelines for contributors
Authors: Millward Sue 
Published: July 2017

The editors welcome papers that contribute towards the development and understanding of infection control theory and practice. Manuscripts up to 3,000 words that address issues of infection control clinical practice, scientific research, education and management are encouraged. Short papers of between 1.000 and 2,000 words and correspondence (up to a maximum of 300 words) are also welcomed. The British Journal of Infection Control cannot consider articles submitted elsewhere and their exclusive right to the manuscript should be stated in an accompanying letter. Contributors will be asked to assign copyright to the ICNA.
The role of the nurse consultant in infection control
Authors: Hughes J 
Published: July 2017

W ith the advent of the Controls Assurance Standards (NHS Executive, 1999), Clinical Governance (1999), The Management and Control of Hospital Acquired Infections in Acute NHS Trusts in England (Department of Health, 2000) and other circulars and directives, the role of the infection control nurse has never been so challenging, putting infection control firmly on the government and public agenda. In line with this and the Health Service Circular 1999/217 Nurse Midwife and Health Visitor Consultants (Department of Health, 1999), it enabled the appointment of a nurse consultant in infection control at University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool. This paper will review the background to the development of the role to date, how it applies to the discipline of infection control and suggest how to take the role forward in the future.
Costing a major hospital outbreak of gastroenteritis due to Norovirus (Norwalk-like virus)
Authors: RPD Cooke , SV Goddard , J Golland 
Published: July 2017

O utbreaks of Norovirus infection in hospitals are common, but the financial impact is often poorly defined. Following a major outbreak, we propose a simple costing system. The key cost drivers identified were: 1. Lost bed days (LBDs) and cancelled elective surgical operations. The cost of an occupied or closed bed was £204 per day; 2. The period of staff sickness, estimated at an average of four days. Staff costs were estimated at £79.45 per day; 3. The employment of additional nurses; 4. Environmental cleaning (£200 per ward); 5. Additional microbiology costs (£8.27 per sample); 6. Ward consumable costs, estimated at £5 per ward per day. The outbreak involved 16 wards, affecting 139 patients and 124 staff (mainly nurses) over a two week period. LBDs due to inpatient sickness amounted to £85,068. Lost days due to staff sickness cost £39,407. 150 cancelled surgical operations equates with 525 LBDs, costing £107,100. The cost of employing additional nursing staff was £41,465. Further costs included £3,200 for 16 ‘deep cleans', £560 for ward consumables, £1,150 for microbiology specimens and £1,165 for additional infection control hours. The total cost of the outbreak was estimated at £279,115. The costing model described quickly identified key financial pressures and could be applicable to other Norovirus outbreaks.
Evidence-based management of an outbreak of hepatitis A among intravenous drug users, the homeless and hostel dwellers
Authors: Judge C , Sarangi J 
Published: July 2017

Over an 18-month period from March 2000 to September 2001, there were two outbreaks of hepatitis A among intravenous drug users (IDU) and hostel dwellers in an urban district population of approximately one million (former Avon Health Authority area). This paper details the effectiveness of evidence-based interventions in hepatitis A outbreak management among this specific client group.
Use of the complement inhibitor Coversin to treat HSCT-associated TMA
Authors: Goodship Timothy H. J. , Pinto Fernando , Weston-Davies Wynn H. , Silva Juliana , Nishimura Jun-ichi , Nunn Miles A. , Mackie Ian , Machin Samuel J. , Palm Liina , Pryce Jeremy W. , Chiesa Robert , Amrolia Persis , Veys Paul 
Published: July 2017

Key points
Finding an inherited complement abnormality in HSCT-associated TMA provides a rationale for the use of a complement inhibitor. Alternative complement inhibitors such as Coversin should be considered in patients who are resistant to eculizumab.
An unusual presentation of group A streptococcus infection in a newborn: with acute mastoiditis with no obvious clinical manifestation
Authors: Taheri Peymaneh Alizadeh , Jafari Mohsen , Mehrazmai Fouzieh 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Acute mastoiditis (AM) is rarely seen in newborns. It is characterized by retroauricular pain, swelling, tenderness and protrusion of the auricle. This is the first report of the neonatal mastoiditis in a 17-day-old term neonate with no obvious clinical manifestation of mastoiditis and no associated malformation of the ears and mastoids. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the temporal bones revealed right mastoiditis without osteitis, destruction of the mastoid bone or abscess formation. Discharge culture revealed streptococcus A colonies sensitive to ampicillin, ceftriaxone, vancomycin and chloramphenicol. She was successfully treated with intravenous ampicillin and ceftizoxime. No complication or recurrence was reported.
Managerial capability for innovation for microfirms: integrating theory with empirical evidence
Authors: Kearney Arthur , Harrington Denis , Kelliher Felicity 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The research considers a recently developed model of managerial capability for innovation in the microfirm context. Microfirms are firms employing less than 10 people. The research takes an interpretivist methodological approach based on a pilot study of five in-depth interviews with owner/managers of tourism microfirms. Findings indicate the incremental nature of innovation; the importance of aspects of managerial capability in the guise of leadership, operational capability, strategic thinking and the development of relationships with people. Innovation is shown to emerge through the interaction of aspects of managerial capability and key resource pools. The empirical research results in a refined model of managerial capability for innovation in context. A contribution to microfirm management practice is made through providing a model of managerial capability which can be used to improve the competitiveness of microfirms in the tourism industry. Allied to this contribution it is suggested that policy makers can use the model through further dissemination of their efforts to develop industry best practice. Recommendations for future empirical research based on an expanded microfirm study are suggested.
Das Wettbewerbsziel der deutschen Krankenhauspolitik – Eine ordnungsökonomische Einordnung
Authors: Dittmann Heidi 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungDer deutsche Krankenhaussektor weist eine hohe Regulierungsdichte auf. Standorte, Kapazitäten, Leistungsspektren, Fallzahlen und Preise sind nicht Ergebnis einer marktlichen Koordination von Angebot und Nachfrage, sondern eines staatlich-administrativen Planungsprozesses. Zugleich war die Einführung und Intensivierung des Wettbewerbs auf Märkten für Krankenhausdienstleistungen lange Zeit Gegenstand von Gesundheitsreformen. Seit der Einführung der DRG-Fallpauschalen wurde dieses Thema nicht wieder aufgegriffen. Aus ordnungsökonomischer Sicht lässt sich bisher jedoch kein Wettbewerb auf den deutschen Märkten für Krankenhausdienstleistungen erkennen. Als Erklärungsansatz für diese Diskrepanz wird das dem staatlichen Handeln zugrundeliegende Wettbewerbsleitbild diskutiert. Dieses entspricht nicht dem freien Koordinations- und Entdeckungsverfahren, das den Marktakteuren Handlungsfreiheit gewährt. Stattdessen soll wettbewerbliches Handeln innerhalb des planwirtschaftlichen Regulierungsrahmens erfolgen.
25 Jahre Fama-French-Modell: Erklärungsgehalt, Anomalien und praktische Implikationen
Authors: Kaserer Christoph , Hanauer Matthias X. 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Eugene Fama und Kenneth French haben 1992 und 1993 ein erweitertes Modell zur Bewertung riskanter Finanztitel geschaffen. Dieses Fama-French-Modell ist gemeinsam mit dem Capital-asset-pricing-Modell (CAPM) zum Standardmodell der Kapitalmarktforschung geworden. Christoph Kaserer und Matthias Hanauer ziehen nach 25 Jahren ein Zwischenfazit. Dutzende von behaupteten Anomalien lassen weder dieses Modell noch die mit ihm eng verknüpfte Effizienzmarkthypothese in einem guten Licht erscheinen, doch dieser Eindruck trügt. Das Modell hat eine beachtliche Güte und Robustheit an den Tag gelegt. Es kann bis zu 90 Prozent der Renditevarianz erklären und hat sich, wenngleich mit Einschränkungen, auch außerhalb des amerikanischen Kapitalmarktes vielfach bestätigt. Auch neuere Wege zur Überprüfung des Modells führen zu einer Bestätigung dieser Befunde. Viele der behaupteten Anomalien sind hingegen weit weniger robust. Sie verschwinden, wenn man Transaktionskosten berücksichtigt, die statistischen Anforderungen an die heutigen Data-mining-Prozesse angleicht oder das Modell, wie Fama und French jüngst vorgeschlagen haben, in geeigneter Weise erweitert. Allerdings bleibt zumindest eine wesentliche Anomalie bestehen: der kurzfristige Momentum-Effekt. Er stellt die größte Herausforderung an das Modell und insbesondere an die Effizienzmarkthypothese dar. Die Autoren betrachten zudem die Bedeutung des Fama-French-Modells für die Praxis. In der Finanzmarktregulierung und in der Vermögensverwaltung beispielsweise hat es große Bedeutung, nicht aber in anderen Bereichen wie der Unternehmensfinanzierung und der Unternehmensbewertung.
Macrophage deficiency of miR‐21 promotes apoptosis, plaque necrosis, and vascular inflammation during atherogenesis
Authors: Canfrán‐Duque Alberto , Rotllan Noemi , Zhang Xinbo , Fernández‐Fuertes Marta , Ramírez‐Hidalgo Cristina , Araldi Elisa , Daimiel Lidia , Busto Rebeca , Fernández‐Hernando Carlos , Suárez Yajaira 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAtherosclerosis, the major cause of cardiovascular disease, is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids and inflammatory cells in the artery wall. Aberrant expression of microRNAs has been implicated in the pathophysiological processes underlying the progression of atherosclerosis. Here, we define the contribution of miR‐21 in hematopoietic cells during atherogenesis. Interestingly, we found that miR‐21 is the most abundant miRNAin macrophages and its absence results in accelerated atherosclerosis, plaque necrosis, and vascular inflammation. miR‐21 expression influences foam cell formation, sensitivity toER‐stress‐induced apoptosis, and phagocytic clearance capacity. Mechanistically, we discovered that the absence of miR‐21 in macrophages increases the expression of the miR‐21 target gene,MKK3, promoting the induction of p38‐CHOPandJNKsignaling. Both pathways enhance macrophage apoptosis and promote the post‐translational degradation ofABCG1, a transporter that regulates cholesterol efflux in macrophages. Altogether, these findings reveal a major role for hematopoietic miR‐21 in atherogenesis.
Traducir el exilio. Traducir el país natal: notas sobre una experiencia
Authors: Ruiz Montes Laura 
Published: July 2017

La traducción de especificidades filológicas y culturales, mestizajes, migraciones e “impurezas” de la literatura caribeña a lenguas que no sean las de origen es un reto. A partir de mi práctica de traducir alespañol, desde el francés y el criollo antillano, la novela El exilio según Julia, de la escritora guadalupeña Gisèle Pineau, comentaré los riesgos y las oportunidades que implica trasladar la diglosia a una lenguaúnica. Expondré, mostrando ejemplos de mi experiencia, la importancia de elaborar paratextos y niveles de lenguaje en la lengua de destino, como herramienta para resguardar lo simbólico, las peculiaridadesdel criollo antillano del Caribe francófono, así como la huella del racismo en la experiencia diaspórica.
Formación docente en educación secundaria en la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Chaves Salas Ana Lupita , Castro Bonilla Julieta 
Published: July 2017

El propósito de este artículo es presentar una reseña histórica de la formación docente en educación secundaria en la Universidad de Costa Rica, desde su creación en 1941 hasta la actualidad. Se describen los planes de estudio, las áreas de formación, el creditaje y el modelo de gestión curricular y administrativa de las carreras. La formación del profesorado se ha caracterizado por ser integral e interdisciplinaria, hasta el año 2016 cuando la Vicerrectoría de Docencia aprueba una carrera disciplinar con enfoque tecnocrático contrario a las tendencias actuales sobre formación de docentes. El artículo surge de una investigación descriptiva-comparativa sobre modelos de formación de docentes en educación secundaria en cinco países: Alemania, Cuba, Finlandia, Singapur y Costa Rica. Las técnicas utilizadas fueron el análisis de documentos y la entrevista a informantes clave.