bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(F)utility of computed tomography of the chest in the presence of pleural effusion
Authors: Pathak Tilak , Parmar Malvinder S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundPleural effusion is common and can cause significant morbidity. The chest X-ray is often the initial radiological test, but additional tests may be required to reduce uncertainty and to provide additional diagnostic information. However, additional exposure and unnecessary costs should be prevented. The objective of the study was to assess the clinical benefit of an additional chest computed tomography (CT) scan over plain chest X-ray alone in the management of patients with pleural effusion.MethodsRetrospective analysis in 94 consecutive patients with pleural effusion who underwent chest X-ray and CT scan over an 18-month period in a single institution. All chest X-ray and CT scan reports were compared and correlated with clinical parameters in order to assess their utility in the clinical management. No blinding was applied.ResultsIn 75 chest CT scan reports (80 %), information provided by the radiologist did not change clinical management when compared to plain chest X-ray alone and did not provide any additional information over chest X-ray. Only 2/49 (4 %) of the native chest CT scan reports provided clinically relevant information as compared to 17/45 (38 %) contrast-enhanced chest CT scan reports (p<0.001).ConclusionsIn this retrospective cohort of patients with pleural effusion, an additional chest CT scan was not useful in the majority of patients. However, if a chest CT scan is required, then a contrast-enhanced study after pleural aspiration should be performed. Further prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
Effect of protonation, composition and isomerism on the redox properties and electron (de)localization of classical polyoxometalates
Authors: López Xavier 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This publication reviews some relevant features related with the redox activity of two inorganic compounds: [XM12O40]q- (Keggin structure) and [X2M18O62]q- (Wells-Dawson structure). These are two well-known specimens of the vast Polyoxometalate (POM) family, which has been the subject of extensive experimental and theoretical research owing to their unmatched properties. In particular, their redox activity focus a great deal of attention from scientists due to their prospective related applications. POMs are habitually seen as ‘electron sponges’ since many of them accept several electrons without losing their chemical identity. This makes them excellent models to study mechanisms of electrochemical nature. Their redox properties depend on: (i) the type and number of transition metal atoms in the structure, (ii) the basicity of the first reduced species and, occasionally, of the fully oxidized species; (iii) the size of the molecule, (iv) the overall negative charge of the POM, and (v) the size of the central heteroatom. In the last years, important collaboration between the experimental and theoretical areas has been usual on the development of POM science. In the present chapter three of these synergies are highlighted: the influence of the internal heteroatom upon the redox potentials of Keggin anions; the dependence of the redox waves of Fe-substituted Wells-Dawson compounds with pH; and the role of electron delocalization and pairing in mixed-metal Mo/W Wells-Dawson compounds in their ability to accept electrons. In these three cases, a complete understanding of the problem would not have been possible without the mutual benefit of experimental and computational data.
MicroRNAs participate in the regulation of oligodendrocytes development in white matter injury
Authors: Xiao Dongqiong , Qu Yi , Pan Lingli , Li Xihong , Mu Dezhi 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
White matter injury (WMI) often results in cognitive impairment, behavioral disorders, and cerebral palsy and thus imposes a tremendous burden on society. The cells in brain white matter mainly comprise oligodendrocytes (OLs), astrocytes, and microglia. The dysregulation of OLs development is the pathological hallmark of WMI. Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) participate in the regulation of OLs development, and the dysregulation of this process represents the pathogenesis of WMI. This review summarizes the progress made in this field that will help clinicians and researchers understand the molecular etiology of WMI and develop miRNAs as new agents for the prevention and treatment of WMI.
Some forensic aspects of the nasal septal deformities
Authors: Mladina Ranko , Skitarelić Neven , Cingi Cemal , Muluk Nuray Bayar 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

OBJECTIVES. We reviewed the foreign aspects in nasal septal deformities.

MATERIAL AND METHODS. Mladina classification of the nasal septal deformities was used.

RESULTS. Types 5 and 6 have been dominantly inherited. The mechanism of the onset and possible connection to the trauma against the nose, as well as clinical implications of the remaining four types of the nasal septal deformities, have been explained and described in detail, giving the court expert witnesses the excellent opportunity to make a reliable and valuable finding.

CONCLUSION. Type 5 and type 6 nasal septal deformities are never the consequence of the trauma against the nose. In most of the cases, this also concerns type 3. This type as well as type 7 require the latero-lateral and anterior-posterior X-rays of the nasal bones in cases when the nasal pyramid is concurrently deformed. Types 1 and 2 in most of the cases are connected to trauma against the nose.
La passion et la figurativité: Les deux tentations greimassiennes face à la profondeur
Authors: Basso Fossali Pierluigi 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Greimas’s intellectual trajectory can be seen as an intellectual journey full of challenges that left behind living remnants of a courage and an “energetism” of thinking which prohibits, even today, the construction of a dogmatism based solely on a single synchronic image of his semiotics. We can identify Greimas with his beloved topic, “the Fearless hero”: on the one hand, he extended the quest of a Sender, in keeping with the expectations of a deep narrative schema, while on the other hand, he structured his life around the permanence of a passion. Should we attribute this search to a “meta-will,” or to an endless implication in figurativity? “With passion, figurativity reigns,” Ricoeur told his friend Greimas, who worked on the origins of the modalities, with the predicament of raising the issue of an unanalysable ontic horizon. How can we explain the apparent contradiction between, on the one hand, the Greimassian challenge to deal with being, even speculatively, and, on the other, the search for an endless passion anchored in perception and its re-elaboration? Against the certainty of deep narrative logic is opposed the surface where forms of life coexist, where we find “the fidgeting, the uncertainty we are in.”
Development and Application of the New Explosive Loading Experimental System of Digital Laser Dynamic Caustics
Authors: Wang Y. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The new explosive loading experimental system of digital laser dynamic caustics was developed by replacing the conventional multi-spark point source light and the previous multi-frame film camera with the solid-state laser and the digital high-speed camera, respectively; namely, a new caustics experimental system of high-speed photography system using a combination of solid-state laser and digital high-speed camera was created. This new experimental system was used to conduct the crack propagation test of single-borehole explosion with defective medium and the double-boreholes explosive loading experiment to obtain the clear digital caustics photos. If compared with the conventional optical photos, these digital photos were found to be clearer with more reliable results and longer recording time, which demonstrates that the new system can meet the requirements of ultra-dynamic fracture problems such as blasting. The new optical system is simple, user-friendly, which ensures a low experimental cost, short cycle, and the continuous observation throughout the fracture process.
Utilizing Digital Image Correlation (DIC) in Asphalt Pavement Testing
Authors: Safavizadeh S. A. , Wargo A. , Kim Y. Richard 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The digital image correlation (DIC) technique as a displacement and strain measurement method is one of the newest measurement technologies employed in asphalt pavement testing. Although DIC was introduced for material testing in the early 1980s; this technology is not yet being used to its highest potential as a reliable and flexible method for measuring displacements and strains and, more importantly, for investigating cracking phenomena and fracture characteristics in asphalt pavement testing. This research aimed to study the requirements for ensuring a reliable and accurate DIC system and to demonstrate areas where the technique could be used to provide an edge over traditional measurement methods. Using proprietary two-dimensional DIC software, the parameters that affect the accuracy of test results were evaluated and the proper analysis configurations for investigating cracked areas were determined. The results showed that the DIC technique, if used properly, is an extremely powerful tool for studying damage progression and fracture characteristics in the fatigue and fracture testing of asphalt concrete.
Development of a Research Tool to Document Self-Reported Chronic Conditions in Primary Care
Authors: Fortin Martin , Almirall José , Nicholson Kathryn 
Published: November 2017

Background Researchers interested in multimorbidity often find themselves in the dilemma of identifying or creating an operational definition in order to generate data. Our team was invited to propose a tool for documenting the presence of chronic conditions in participants recruited for different research studies. Objective To describe the development of such a tool. Design A scoping review in which we identified relevant studies, selected studies, charted the data, and collated and summarized the results. The criteria considered for selecting chronic conditions were: (1) their relevance to primary care services; (2) the impact on affected patients; (3) their prevalence among the primary care users; and (4) how often the conditions were present among the lists retrieved from the scoping review. Results Taking into account the predefined criteria, we developed a list of 20 chronic conditions/categories of conditions that could be self-reported. A questionnaire was built using simple instructions and a table including the list of chronic conditions/categories of conditions. Conclusions We developed a questionnaire to document 20 self-reported chronic conditions/categories of conditions intended to be used for research purposes in primary care. Guided by previous literature, the purpose of this questionnaire is to evaluate the self-reported burden of multimorbidity by participants and to encourage comparability among research studies using the same measurement.
A surprising treatment response in a patient with rare isolated growth hormone deficiency, type IB
Authors: Amar Jordan Yardain , Borden Kimberly , Watson Elizabeth , Arslanian Talin 
Published: November 2017

Summary
Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiency (IGHD) is a rare cause of short stature, treated with the standard regimen of subcutaneous synthetic growth hormone (GH). Patients typically achieve a maximum height velocity in the first year of treatment, which then tapers shortly after treatment is stopped. We report a case of a 9-year-old male who presented with short stature (<3rd percentile for age and race). Basal hormone levels showed undetectable serum IGF1. Skeletal wrist age was consistent with chronologic age. Cranial MRI revealed no masses or lesions. Provocative arginine-GH stimulation testing demonstrated a peak GH level of 1.4 ng/mL. Confirmatory genetic testing revealed a rare autosomal recessive single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with mutational frequency of 2%. GH supplementation was started and pursued for 2 years, producing dramatically increased height velocity. This velocity persisted linearly through adolescence, several years after treatment had been discontinued. Final adult height was >95th percentile for age and race. In conclusion, this is a case of primary hypopituitarism with differential diagnosis of IGHD vs Idiopathic Short Stature vs Constitutional Growth Delay. This case supports two objectives: Firstly, it highlights the importance of confirmatory genetic testing in patients with suspected, though diagnostically uncertain, IGHD. Secondly, it demonstrates a novel secondary growth pattern with implications for better understanding the tremendous variability of GH treatment response.

Learning points:

GHD is a common cause of growth retardation, and IGHD is a specific subtype of GHD in which patients present solely with short stature.

The standard treatment for IGHD is subcutaneous synthetic GH until mid-parental height is reached, with peak height velocity attained in the 1st year of treatment in the vast majority of patients.

Genetic testing should be strongly considered in cases of diagnostic uncertainty prior to initiating treatment.

Future investigations of GH treatment response that stratify by gene and specific mutation will help guide treatment decisions.

Response to treatment in patients with IGHD is variable, with some patients demonstrating little to no response, while others are ‘super-responders.’
Endogamous Marriage Of Jamaah Tarbiyah: A Sociological Study Of The Jamaah Tarbiyah In Salatiga
Authors: Muhsin Ilyya 
Published: November 2017

This article discusses the endogamous marriage of Jamaah Tarbiyah in Salatiga, Central Java based on a sociological perspective. The framework of Bourdiue theory, particularly capital and habitus concept, was applied to analyze the case. Jamaah Tarbiyah was able to force the cadre to get married in endogamous system based on ‘its own capital’. But, when the system was on process sometime it run in coercive way and there was a symbolic violence. As result, the coercive way raised a habitual action (habitus). The habitus resulted a doxa as well as a heterodoxa (counter doxa) when doxa opposed topersonal interest. Dialectic of the habitus, doxa, and hetrodoxa influenced on the member’s social life when endogamous marriage was practiced. DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v17i1.6226
Diseño de la interfaz gráfica del módulo de información interactiva para la integración de individuos con capacidades diversas en la Biblioteca pública del estado Zulia.
Authors: Fernández Ochoa Luisenia Fabiola , Rincón Derlisiret 
Published: November 2017

La presente investigación busca entender las Ciudades Inteligentes como paradigmas emergentes de desarrollo sustentable y mecanismos de inclusión. Para ello, se conciben los módulos o kioskos de información como los medios para lograr la construcción de estos modelos urbanos. Para ello, se diseñó la interfaz gráfica del módulo de información interactiva para la integración de individuos con capacidades diversas en la Biblioteca Pública del estado Zulia. Sustentado en las posturas teóricas de Aguirre (2013), Thomas (2008), y Mitchell (2007). Mediante el uso de una metodología descriptiva con un diseño de campo no experimental transeccional y documental. Se concluye que, los módulos de información interactiva, no son sólo el medio para incluir el uso de las TIC, de manera "Inteligentes" para la mejora de interacción y la creación de sistemas más amigables y el fomento de una ciudad inteligente; sino que además genera inclusión en la diversidad, aprendizaje, mejoras en pro del el medio ambiente mediante el uso de las tecnologías para la gestión (inteligente), el desarrollo sostenible del entorno y la minimización de las brechas existentes.
La problemática inherente a la creación de un mamífero transgénico, concebido como una obra de arte
Authors: Carrizosa Posada Diego 
Published: November 2017

En este artículo el lector encontrará la manera en que se desarrolló el proceso de creación de GPF Bunny, idea gestada por el artista de origen brasileño Eduardo Kak, la cual se desarrolló durante el año 2000, en el Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Agronomía, en Francia. Con el fin de explicar los conceptos de carácter científico que se dieron para que este proyecto fuese realidad, se explicarán instancias inherentes a la ingeniería molecular como: proteína verde fluorescente, organismo genéticamente modificado, organismos vivos transgénicos y las razones científicas que justifican este tipo de experimentación, las regulaciones que afectan la creación de seres transgénicos vivos, así como la opción de tener potestad sobre dichos individuos personas no vinculadas a la ciencia.Además, en este texto se reflexiona sobre lo biotecnología, el bio arte, y el arte transgénico, a partir de reflexiones sobre conceptos y ejemplos que hablan acerca de poder del hombre para imitar, interpretar y modificar la naturaleza. Se estudia sobre la autoridad que poseen los laboratorios de biotecnología para crear organismos transgénicos vivos amparados bajo razones de investigación médica, versus el paradigma que rodea a los artistas plásticos cuando se involucran en procesos similares de experimentación. Se diserta sobre la posibilidad que la creación de un organismo transgénico pueda ser parte de un proceso de evolución. Se plantea además una nueva teoría filosófica que habla de un existencialismo evolutivo, cuyas nociones pueden coadyuvar a la posible creación de un código de valores que regule los procedimientos genéticos de manipulación susceptibles de ser realizados en los seres vivos por parte de artistas. Se hace mención a la teoría de Michel Foucault, que habla de la estética de la existencia, que significa el derecho que posee cada individuo para realizar su proceso individual de estetización.Para concluir el lector conocerá las diferentes posturas tanto científicas, humanísticas y artísticas que tratan sobre la problemática que se presenta al romper con las diferencias naturales que separan las especies. Puesto que bajo nociones ya establecidas que se refieren a la evolución, es el interés de algunos comprender y modificar el fenómeno de la vida tal como es, probablemente sin percatarse realmente a fondo sobre las consecuencias que estos actos pueden provocar en el normal desarrollo del ciclo de la vida.
Ceramics as the conveyance of art
Authors: Boratav Olcay 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe concept of art has varied according to space and time perspective in each and every period and it has emerged in different forms in every culture. Artists or designers produce a wide range of forms with different materials representing the period and culture while creating their ceramics. Ceramics symbolizes a thousand-year-old endeavor as well as being considered as one of the arts. It has shed light on the history in different shapes and cultures in addition to undertaking the task of conveyance of art with original structure and formal style in the works of art. Ceramics makes identity differences thanks to background knowledge, form and decorative techniques and originality. Art is not for society’s sake; it aims to relieve the tension, to satisfy pleasure, to enable people to see and hear, to use and to evaluate. Different cultures have generated new styles in their ceramics by integrating creativity into their own traditions and techniques as well as interacting with Mayan vases and pots, Greek pottery, Anatolian ceramics and tiles. Some of these impacts have been so profound in ceramics that they have been passed on from generation to generation.This paper seeks to address to the following questions: How was ceramics used in different cultures and periods with composition features such as form, decoration, motif and figure; and how has it undertaken the task of conveyance of art by investigating what features they have.
Keywords: ceramics, art, conveyance of art, form, figure.
Visual rhetoric in educational animations: An analysis on TED Education Lessons
Authors: Senoymak Merve Ersan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Today, developments in the field of computer technology have facilitated the application of animations in computer environment and also led to the widespread use of animation in the scope of computer-aided education. Educational animations engage the learners of all ages and make the learning experience enjoyable in many areas such as physics, chemistry, biology and social sciences. Thanks to the possibilities of animation, many concepts that might be difficult to learn with static images can be described very attractively and in a catchy way. At this point, rhetorical figures can be applied to animations in order to increase the effectiveness of the messages. TED Education Lessons can be given as a successful example of educational animations in this field. TED (Technology, Entertainment, Design) Education is a series of lessons run by a private non-profit foundation, under "Lessons worth Sharing" slogan. These lessons are 3-10 minutes of educational and enjoyable animations, which are created with the collaboration of professional educators and animators. There are various animations on TED Education webpage that aim learners starting from the age of primary school and higher. Through TED Education lessons, this research examines how education takes the advantage of animation and how animations benefit from the rhetorical figures.
Keywords: Animation, visual rhetoric, rhetorical figures, educational animations, TED Education.
An efficient algoritm for classification of EEG eye state data
Authors: Nasibov Efendi , Dogan Alican 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA recent technology which makes possible for us to interact with automated systems without using any body part is called Brain Computer Interface (BCI). In its concrete applications, electroencephalogram (EEG) is benefited by a BCI environment for being capable of obtaining brain waves. In our study, evaluation of success rates of the predictions made by C x k - Nearest Neighborhood (Cxk-NN) Algorithm for EEG Eye State Data whose states are called â€œOpened Eyeâ€œ and â€œClosed Eyeâ€œ is applied. This EEG Eye State dataset is obtained from UCI Machine Learning Repository on the web and it is a highly-used benchmark data on this field. As there are only two classes of the signals, we test binary classification performance of our classification algorithm (Cxk â€“NN). Comparison of those values with the ones obtained by the other successful classification algorithms in the literature applied on the same data set also take place in our study. Cxk-NN is an instance-based classification method advanced from simple k â€“ Nearest Neighborhood Algorithm, and improved success results are observed when it is compared with k-NN.
Keywords: brain computer interface (bci), classificaiton, eeg, c x k - nearest neighborhood algorihtm.