bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Critical, Nonlinear Threshold Dictates Bacterial Invasion and Initial Kinetics During Influenza
Authors: Smith Amber M. , Smith Amanda P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSecondary bacterial infections increase morbidity and mortality of influenza A virus (IAV) infections. Bacteria are able to invade due to virus-induced depletion of alveolar macrophages (AMs), but this is not the only contributing factor. By analyzing a kinetic model, we uncovered a nonlinear initial dose threshold that is dependent on the amount of virus-induced AM depletion. The threshold separates the growth and clearance phenotypes such that bacteria decline for dose-AM depletion combinations below the threshold, stay constant near the threshold, and increase above the threshold. In addition, the distance from the threshold correlates to the growth rate. Because AM depletion changes throughout an IAV infection, the dose requirement for bacterial invasion also changes accordingly. Using the threshold, we found that the dose requirement drops dramatically during the first 7d of IAV infection. We then validated these analytical predictions by infecting mice with doses below or above the predicted threshold over the course of IAV infection. These results identify the nonlinear way in which two independent factors work together to support successful post-influenza bacterial invasion. They provide insight into coinfection timing, the heterogeneity in outcome, the probability of acquiring a coinfection, and the use of new therapeutic strategies to combat viral-bacterial coinfections.
Investigating the human Calcineurin Interaction Network using the πɸLxVP SLiM
Authors: Sheftic Sarah R. , Page Rebecca , Peti Wolfgang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSer/thr phosphorylation is the primary reversible covalent modification of proteins in eukaryotes. As a consequence, it is the reciprocal actions of kinases and phosphatases that act as key molecular switches to fine tune cellular events. It has been well documented that ~400 human ser/thr kinases engage substrates via consensus phosphosite sequences. Strikingly, we know comparatively little about the mechanism by which ~40 human protein ser/thr phosphatases (PSPs) dephosphorylate ~15000 different substrates with high specificity. The identification of substrates of the essential PSP calcineurin (CN) has been exceptionally challenging and only a small fraction has been biochemically confirmed. It is now emerging that CN binds regulators and substrates via two short linear motifs (SLiMs), the well-studied PxIxIT SLiM and the LxVP SLiM, which remains controversial at the molecular level. Here we describe the crystal structure of CN in complex with its substrate NFATc1 and show that the LxVP SLiM is correctly defined as πɸLxVP. Bioinformatics studies using the πɸLxVP SLiM resulted in the identification of 567 potential CN substrates; a small subset was experimentally confirmed. This combined structural-bioinformatics approach provides a powerful method for dissecting the CN interaction network and for elucidating the role of CN in human health and disease.
Anticancer activity of a monobenzyltin complex C1 against MDA-MB-231 cells through induction of Apoptosis and inhibition of breast cancer stem cells
Authors: Fani Somayeh , Kamalidehghan Behnam , Lo Kong Mun , Nigjeh Siamak Ebrahimi , Keong Yeap Swee , Dehghan Firouzeh , Soori Rahman , Abdulla Mahmood Ameen , Chow Kit May , Ali Hapipah Mohd , Hajiaghaalipour Fatemeh , Rouhollahi Elham , Hashim Najihah Mohd 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn the present study, we examined the cytotoxic effects of Schiff base complex, [N-(3,5-dichloro-2-oxidobenzylidene)-4-chlorobenzyhydrazidato](o-methylbenzyl)aquatin(IV) chloride, and C1 on MDA-MB-231 cells and derived breast cancer stem cells from MDA-MB-231 cells. The acute toxicity experiment with compound C1 revealed no cytotoxic effects on rats. Fluorescent microscopic studies using Acridine Orange/Propidium Iodide (AO/PI) staining and flow cytometric analysis using an Annexin V probe confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis in C1-treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Compound C1 triggered intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) releases in treated MDA-MB-231 cells. The Cellomics High Content Screening (HCS) analysis showed the induction of intrinsic pathways in treated MDA-MB-231 cells, and a luminescence assay revealed significant increases in caspase 9 and 3/7 activity. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis showed that compound C1 induced G0/G1 arrest in treated MDA-MB-231 cells. Real time PCR and western blot analysis revealed the upregulation of the Bax protein and the downregulation of the Bcl-2 and HSP70 proteins. Additionally, this study revealed the suppressive effect of compound C1 against breast CSCs and its ability to inhibit the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Our results demonstrate the chemotherapeutic properties of compound C1 against breast cancer cells and derived breast cancer stem cells, suggesting that the anticancer capabilities of this compound should be clinically assessed.
Adsorption of phosphate in water using one-step synthesized zirconium-loaded reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Luo Xin , Wang Xiurong , Bao Shaopan , Liu Xiawei , Zhang Weicheng , Fang Tao 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this account, a one-step green hydrothermal method for zirconium-loaded reduced graphene oxide (RGO-Zr) adsorbent was developed in pure water. It is based on the formation of initially strong-coupling RGO-Zr nanocomposites followed by in situ reduction of GO to RGO during the hydrothermal treatment. The phosphate adsorption performance of the as-prepared nanocomposites was investigated in aqueous environment under various conditions. The characterization results of RGO-Zr nanocomposites showed that ZrO2 was successfully integrated onto the RGO sheets in amorphous. The data from equilibrium phosphate adsorption on RGO-Zr revealed that the adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, where the adsorption isotherm fitted the Langmuir isotherm model with a maximum adsorption capacity of 27.71 mg P/g at pH 5 and 298 K. The improved phosphate adsorption on RGO-Zr was caused by the dispersion of ZrO2 on the RGO surface. Furthermore, the phosphate adsorption was found insensitive to the increase in pH while it was sensitive to the increase in temperature. The coexisting anions of SO42−, F−, Cl−, NO3− and CO32− affected the phosphate adsorption in a different way. Results suggest that the present RGO-Zr adsorbent has the potential for controlling phosphorus pollution in water.
Notch regulates Th17 differentiation and controls trafficking of IL-17 and metabolic regulators within Th17 cells in a context-dependent manner
Authors: Coutaz Manuel , Hurrell Benjamin P. , Auderset Floriane , Wang Haiping , Siegert Stefanie , Eberl Gerard , Ho Ping-Chih , Radtke Freddy , Tacchini-Cottier Fabienne 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTh17 cells play critical roles in host defense and autoimmunity. Emerging data support a role for Notch signaling in Th17 cell differentiation but whether it is a positive or negative regulator remains unclear. We report here that T cell-specific deletion of Notch receptors enhances Th17 cell differentiation in the gut, with a corresponding increase in IL-17 secretion. An increase in Th17 cell frequency was similarly observed following immunization of T cell specific Notch mutant mice with OVA/CFA. However, in this setting, Th17 cytokine secretion was impaired, and increased intracellular retention of IL-17 was observed. Intracellular IL-17 co-localized with the CD71 iron transporter in the draining lymph node of both control and Notch-deficient Th17 cells. Immunization induced CD71 surface expression in control, but not in Notch-deficient Th17 cells, revealing defective CD71 intracellular transport in absence of Notch signaling. Moreover, Notch receptor deficient Th17 cells had impaired mTORC2 activity. These data reveal a context-dependent impact of Notch on vesicular transport during high metabolic demand suggesting a role for Notch signaling in the bridging of T cell metabolic demands and effector functions. Collectively, our findings indicate a prominent regulatory role for Notch signaling in the fine-tuning of Th17 cell differentiation and effector function.
Adjacent tooth trauma in complicated mandibular third molar surgery: Risk degree classification and digital surgical simulation
Authors: Ye Zhou-Xi , Yang Chi , Ge Jing 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAnalysis of adjacent tooth resistance is essential in wisdom teeth extraction to prevent adjacent tooth trauma, however it lacks adequate attention nowadays. This study aims at suggesting special extraction methods based on adjacent tooth resistance analysis for prevention of adjacent tooth damage. In this study, 136 complicated mandibular third molars extracted using piezosurgery were reviewed and classified based on the adjacent teeth resistances shown in orthopantomogram (OPG) during their mesio-distal rotations: degree I refers to teeth with no adjacent teeth resistance; degree II refers to teeth with resistance released after mesial-half crown sectioning; degree III refers to teeth which still had resistance after mesial-half crown sectioning. With the use of surgical simulations using cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) reconstruction, all teeth in degree I were designed to rotate mesio-distally; 86.36%(38/44) teeth in degree II were designed to rotate mesio-distally after mesio-half crown sectioning; 69.09%(36/55) teeth in degree III were designed to rotate bucco-lingually. All teeth were extracted successfully, and only one adjacent tooth was subluxated due to the incomplete bone removal. Our study suggested that in order to prevent adjacent teeth trauma, complete bone removal is of importance, and impacted teeth with higher adjacent teeth trauma risks should consider bucco-lingual rotations.
Simultaneous observation of free and defect-bound excitons in CH3NH3PbI3 using four-wave mixing spectroscopy
Authors: March Samuel A. , Clegg Charlotte , Riley Drew B. , Webber Daniel , Hill Ian G. , Hall Kimberley C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSolar cells incorporating organic-inorganic perovskite, which may be fabricated using low-cost solution-based processing, have witnessed a dramatic rise in efficiencies yet their fundamental photophysical properties are not well understood. The exciton binding energy, central to the charge collection process, has been the subject of considerable controversy due to subtleties in extracting it from conventional linear spectroscopy techniques due to strong broadening tied to disorder. Here we report the simultaneous observation of free and defect-bound excitons in CH3NH3PbI3 films using four-wave mixing (FWM) spectroscopy. Due to the high sensitivity of FWM to excitons, tied to their longer coherence decay times than unbound electron- hole pairs, we show that the exciton resonance energies can be directly observed from the nonlinear optical spectra. Our results indicate low-temperature binding energies of 13 meV (29 meV) for the free (defect-bound) exciton, with the 16 meV localization energy for excitons attributed to binding to point defects. Our findings shed light on the wide range of binding energies (2–55 meV) reported in recent years.
Detecting sulphate aerosol geoengineering with different methods
Authors: Lo Y. T. Eunice , Charlton-Perez Andrew J. , Lott Fraser C. , Highwood Eleanor J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSulphate aerosol injection has been widely discussed as a possible way to engineer future climate. Monitoring it would require detecting its effects amidst internal variability and in the presence of other external forcings. We investigate how the use of different detection methods and filtering techniques affects the detectability of sulphate aerosol geoengineering in annual-mean global-mean near-surface air temperature. This is done by assuming a future scenario that injects 5 Tg yr−1 of sulphur dioxide into the stratosphere and cross-comparing simulations from 5 climate models. 64% of the studied comparisons would require 25 years or more for detection when no filter and the multi-variate method that has been extensively used for attributing climate change are used, while 66% of the same comparisons would require fewer than 10 years for detection using a trend-based filter. This highlights the high sensitivity of sulphate aerosol geoengineering detectability to the choice of filter. With the same trend-based filter but a non-stationary method, 80% of the comparisons would require fewer than 10 years for detection. This does not imply sulphate aerosol geoengineering should be deployed, but suggests that both detection methods could be used for monitoring geoengineering in global, annual mean temperature should it be needed.
The genome of Rhizobiales bacteria in predatory ants reveals urease gene functions but no genes for nitrogen fixation
Authors: Neuvonen Minna-Maria , Tamarit Daniel , Näslund Kristina , Liebig Juergen , Feldhaar Heike , Moran Nancy A. , Guy Lionel , Andersson Siv G. E. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractGut-associated microbiota of ants include Rhizobiales bacteria with affiliation to the genus Bartonella. These bacteria may enable the ants to fix atmospheric nitrogen, but no genomes have been sequenced yet to test the hypothesis. Sequence reads from a member of the Rhizobiales were identified in the data collected in a genome project of the ant Harpegnathos saltator. We present an analysis of the closed 1.86 Mb genome of the ant-associated bacterium, for which we suggest the species name Candidatus Tokpelaia hoelldoblerii. A phylogenetic analysis reveals a relationship to Bartonella and Brucella, which infect mammals. Novel gene acquisitions include a gene for a putative extracellular protein of more than 6,000 amino acids secreted by the type I secretion system, which may be involved in attachment to the gut epithelium. No genes for nitrogen fixation could be identified, but genes for a multi-subunit urease protein complex are present in the genome. The urease genes are also present in Brucella, which has a fecal-oral transmission pathway, but not in Bartonella, which use blood-borne transmission pathways. We hypothesize that the gain and loss of the urease function is related to transmission strategies and lifestyle changes in the host-associated members of the Rhizobiales.
Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Academic Performance: Cross-Lagged Associations from Adolescence to Young Adulthood
Authors: Aaltonen Sari , Latvala Antti , Rose Richard J. , Kujala Urho M. , Kaprio Jaakko , Silventoinen Karri 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPhysical activity and academic performance are positively associated, but the direction of the association is poorly understood. This longitudinal study examined the direction and magnitude of the associations between leisure-time physical activity and academic performance throughout adolescence and young adulthood. The participants were Finnish twins (from 2,859 to 4,190 individuals/study wave) and their families. In a cross-lagged path model, higher academic performance at ages 12, 14 and 17 predicted higher leisure-time physical activity at subsequent time-points (standardized path coefficient at age 14: 0.07 (p < 0.001), age 17: 0.12 (p < 0.001) and age 24: 0.06 (p < 0.05)), whereas physical activity did not predict future academic performance. A cross-lagged model of co-twin differences suggested that academic performance and subsequent physical activity were not associated due to the environmental factors shared by co-twins. Our findings suggest that better academic performance in adolescence modestly predicts more frequent leisure-time physical activity in late adolescence and young adulthood.
A window into the brain mechanisms associated with noise sensitivity
Authors: Kliuchko Marina , Heinonen-Guzejev Marja , Vuust Peter , Tervaniemi Mari , Brattico Elvira 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNoise sensitive individuals are more likely to experience negative emotions from unwanted sounds and they show greater susceptibility to adverse effects of noise on health. Noise sensitivity does not originate from dysfunctions of the peripheral auditory system, and it is thus far unknown whether and how it relates to abnormalities of auditory processing in the central nervous system. We conducted a combined electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography (M/EEG) study to measure neural sound feature processing in the central auditory system in relation to the individual noise sensitivity. Our results show that high noise sensitivity is associated with altered sound feature encoding and attenuated discrimination of sound noisiness in the auditory cortex. This finding makes a step towards objective measures of noise sensitivity instead of self-evaluation questionnaires and the development of strategies to prevent negative effects of noise on the susceptible population.
Pollen and spores as biological recorders of past ultraviolet irradiance
Authors: Jardine Phillip E. , Fraser Wesley T. , Lomax Barry H. , Sephton Mark A. , Shanahan Timothy M. , Miller Charlotte S. , Gosling William D. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSolar ultraviolet (UV) irradiance is a key driver of climatic and biotic change. Ultraviolet irradiance modulates stratospheric warming and ozone production, and influences the biosphere from ecosystem-level processes through to the largest scale patterns of diversification and extinction. Yet our understanding of ultraviolet irradiance is limited because no method has been validated to reconstruct its flux over timescales relevant to climatic or biotic processes. Here, we show that a recently developed proxy for ultraviolet irradiance based on spore and pollen chemistry can be used over long (105 years) timescales. Firstly we demonstrate that spatial variations in spore and pollen chemistry correlate with known latitudinal solar irradiance gradients. Using this relationship we provide a reconstruction of past changes in solar irradiance based on the pollen record from Lake Bosumtwi in Ghana. As anticipated, variations in the chemistry of grass pollen from the Lake Bosumtwi record show a link to multiple orbital precessional cycles (19–21 thousand years). By providing a unique, local proxy for broad spectrum solar irradiance, the chemical analysis of spores and pollen offers unprecedented opportunities to decouple solar variability, climate and vegetation change through geologic time and a new proxy with which to probe the Earth system.
Evaluation of efficacy and safety for recombinant human adenovirus-p53 in the control of the malignant pleural effusions via thoracic perfusion
Authors: Biaoxue Rong , Hui Pan , Wenlong Gao , Shuanying Yang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA certain number of studies have showed that p53 gene transfer has an anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo. This study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of thoracic perfusion of recombinant human adenovirus p53 (rAd-p53, Gendicine) for controlling malignant pleural effusion (MPE). We searched for the relevant studies from the database of MEDLINE, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrance Library and CNKI to collect the trials concerning the efficacy and safety of rAd-p53 to treat MPE. Fourteen randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with 879 patients were involved in this analysis. The rAd-p53 combined with chemotherapeutic agents significantly improved the overall response rate (ORR) (P < 0.001; odds ratio = 3.73) and disease control rate (DCR) (P < 0.001; odds ratio = 2.32) of patients with MPE as well as the quality of life (QOL) of patients (P < 0.001; odds ratio = 4.27), compared with that of chemotherapeutic agents alone. In addition, the participation of rAd-p53 did not have an obvious impact on the most of incidence of adverse reactions (AEs) (P < 0.05) except the fever (P < 0.001). However, the fever was self-limited and could be tolerated well. The application of rAd-p53 through thoracic perfusion for treating MPE had a better efficacy and safety, which could be a potential choice for controlling MPE.
Querschnittsanalyse der gesundheitlichen und sozialen Lage in Deutschland auf Bundeslandebene
Authors: Wittmann Nadine , Meinlschmidt Gerhard , Czaja Mario 
Published: December 2016

ZusammenfassungZiel der Studie war es herauszufinden, wie, und wenn ja, in welchem Maße sich die deutschen Bundesländer in ihrer gesundheitlichen und sozialen Struktur unterscheiden. Der Status quo der gesundheits- und sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung besteht hier aktuell entweder in national oder in sehr kleinräumig angelegten Ansätzen. Allerdings erscheint es hier – sowohl aus gesundheitswissenschaftlicher als auch aus -politischer Sicht – sinnvoll, zusätzlich zur Meta- und Mikroebene auch die Mesoebene einer differenzierteren Analyse zu unterziehen. Auf diese Weise wird dem spezifischen Informationsbedarf aller vorhandenen Politik- und Planungsebenen bei weiterführenden, versorgungsstrukturellen Fragestellungen umfassend Rechnung getragen. Die für die Analyse verwendete Methodik basiert dabei auf den seit nunmehr 25 Jahren in Berlin etablierten sowie auch international praktizierten Public Health basierten Methoden der Gesundheits- und Sozialberichterstattung. Es erfolgte hierzu eine Sozialraumanalyse unter Verwendung von 53 Indikatoren der amtlichen Statistik, welche entsprechend international anerkannter Kernbereiche der gesundheitswissenschaftlichen und sozialindikativen Planung selektiert wurden. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die gesundheits- und sozialstrukturelle Lage der Bundesländer anhand von 3, auf Basis einer Faktorenanalyse extrahierten, Indizes umfassend beschrieben werden kann. Dabei erklären diese 3 Faktoren insgesamt rund 80% der Gesamtvarianz, wobei rund 38% auf den ersten, gut 31% auf den zweiten sowie knapp 11% auf den dritten Faktor (Index) entfallen. Eine Prüfung der Ergebnisse mittels hierarchischer sowie K-Means Clusteranalyse bestätigt die zutage geförderten Erkenntnisse. Insgesamt divergieren die Bundesländer im Verhältnis zueinander teils stark in ihrer gesundheitlichen und sozialen Lage. Zudem sind dabei mindestens 4, eher jedoch 8 Subregionen zu unterscheiden. Dabei zeigt sich auch, dass die oftmals im Fokus stehende Ost-Westdiskrepanz kein hinreichend differenziertes Bild der Gesamtsituation darstellt. Vielmehr zeigen sind zudem – neben klaren Stadtstaaten-Flächenland Aspekten – auch verschiedene Varianten deutlicher Süd-Nord Gefälle.