bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Scoping Review of Physical Rehabilitation in Long-Term Care: Interventions, Outcomes, Tools
Authors: McArthur Caitlin , Gibbs Jenna C. , Patel Ruchit , Papaioannou Alexandra , Neves Paula , Killingbeck Jaimie , Hirdes John , Milligan James , Berg Katherine , Giangregorio Lora 
Published: November 2017

RÉSUMÉLes résidents en soins de longue durée (SLD) ont souvent besoin de soins en réadaptation pour maintenir ou améliorer leur état physique fonctionnel. L’objectif de cet examen de portée était de décrire l’envergure des publications concernant la réadaptation physique en SLD jusqu’à ce jour, avec une emphase sur les types d’interventions en réadaptation qui ont été évaluées, ainsi que sur les mesures de résultats utilisées et les outils déterminant l’admissibilité au service. Une recherche structurée a été réalisée dans six bases de données sous licence et dans la littérature grise. Deux analystes ont identifié 381 articles qui ont été triés en utilisant un formulaire qui avait préalablement été testé dans un essai pilote, et les données de ces articles ont été extraites. La plupart des interventions avaient été réalisées et évaluées au niveau des résidents, et consistaient fréquemment en des programmes d’exercices à plusieurs composantes dispensés par du personnel de recherche et des physiothérapeutes. Les mesures les plus couramment rapportées étaient basées sur la performance, les activités de la vie quotidienne et l’humeur. Une lacune importante a été identifiée concernant les connaissances sur la réadaptation en lien avec des objectifs qui soient pertinents pour les résidents, tels que la qualité de vie. Dans les études à venir, il serait important que les caractéristiques des résidents en SLD soit représentatives de la complexité de l’état de santé de cette population; la durée de leur séjour devrait aussi être incluse et différenciée. Les études d’intervention devraient aussi explorer des méthodes de prestation de soins qui soient réalistes et soutenables. Le développement d’outils pour favoriser une meilleure détermination de l’admissibilité aux services est aussi nécessaire pour assurer l’égalité en matière de soins en réadaptation dans l’ensemble du secteur des SLD.
Interplay of neuronal and non-neuronal genes regulates intestinal DAF-16-mediated immune response during Fusarium infection of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Nag Papri , Aggarwal Pooja Rani , Ghosh Sudip , Narula Kanika , Tayal Rajul , Maheshwari Nidhi , Chakraborty Niranjan , Chakraborty Subhra 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough precisely controlled innate immune response is governed by conserved cellular events in phylogenetically diverse hosts, the underlying molecular mechanisms by which this process is regulated against a multi-host pathogen remain unknown. Fusarium oxysporum is a model multi-host pathogen, known to be associated with neuronal stress in humans and vascular wilt in plants. The interaction between innate immune and neuronal pathways is the basis of many diverse biological responses. How these processes are coordinated in response to fungal disease is not well understood. Here, we show that F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri causes neuronal stress and intestinal disintegration, ultimately leading to the death of Caenorhabditis elegans. To explore the regulatory framework of Fusarium-associated disease, we analysed the gene expression during infection, integrated temporal gene expression, and network analysis with genetic inactivation data in Caenorhabditis elegans. We identified 1024 genes showing significant changes in expression (corrected P-values <0.05) in response to Fusarium infection. Co-expression network analysis of our data identified prognostic genes related to disease progression. These genes were dynamically expressed in various neuronal and non-neuronal tissues exhibiting diverse biological functions, including cellular homeostasis, organ patterning, stress response, and lipid metabolism. The RNA-seq analysis further identified shared and unique signalling pathways regulated by DAF-16/FOXO and SIR-2.1 linking neuronal stress, which facilitates negative regulation of intestinal innate immunity. Genetic analysis revealed that GCY-5 in ASE functions upstream of DAF-16, whereas ASI-specific SRD-1 regulates behavioural immunity. Overall, our results indicate that a ubiquitous response occurs during Fusarium infection mediated by highly conserved regulatory components and pathways, which can be exploited further for the identification of disease-responsive genes conserved among animals and plants. Finally, this study provided a novel insight into cross-species immune signalling and may facilitate the discovery of cellular therapeutic targets for Fusarium-associated disease.
Pleiotropic effects of schizophrenia-associated genetic variants in neuron firing and cardiac pacemaking revealed by computational modeling
Authors: Mäki-Marttunen Tuomo , Lines Glenn T. , Edwards Andrew G. , Tveito Aslak , Dale Anders M. , Einevoll Gaute T. , Andreassen Ole A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSchizophrenia patients have an increased risk of cardiac dysfunction. A possible factor underlying this comorbidity are the common variants in the large set of genes that have recently been discovered in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) as risk genes of schizophrenia. Many of these genes control the cell electrogenesis and calcium homeostasis. We applied biophysically detailed models of layer V pyramidal cells and sinoatrial node cells to study the contribution of schizophrenia-associated genes on cellular excitability. By including data from functional genomics literature to simulate the effects of common variants of these genes, we showed that variants of voltage-gated Na+ channel or hyperpolarization-activated cation channel-encoding genes cause qualitatively similar effects on layer V pyramidal cell and sinoatrial node cell excitability. By contrast, variants of Ca2+ channel or transporter-encoding genes mostly have opposite effects on cellular excitability in the two cell types. We also show that the variants may crucially affect the propagation of the cardiac action potential in the sinus node. These results may help explain some of the cardiac comorbidity in schizophrenia, and may facilitate generation of effective antipsychotic medications without cardiac side-effects such as arrhythmia.
Optomechanical terahertz detection with single meta-atom resonator
Authors: Belacel Cherif , Todorov Yanko , Barbieri Stefano , Gacemi Djamal , Favero Ivan , Sirtori Carlo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMost of the common technologies for detecting terahertz photons (>1 THz) at room temperature rely on slow thermal devices. The realization of fast and sensitive detectors in this frequency range is indeed a notoriously difficult task. Here we propose a novel device consisting of a subwavelength terahertz meta-atom resonator, which integrates a nanomechanical element and allows energy exchange between the mechanical motion and the electromagnetic degrees of freedom. An incident terahertz wave thus produces a nanomechanical signal that can be read out optically with high precision. We exploit this concept to demonstrate a terahertz detector that operates at room temperature with high sensitivity and a much higher frequency response compared to standard detectors. Beyond the technological issue of terahertz detection, our architecture opens up new perspectives for fundamental science of light–matter interaction at terahertz frequencies, combining optomechanical approaches with semiconductor quantum heterostructures.
Enantioselective transformation of fluoxetine in water and its ecotoxicological relevance
Authors: Andrés-Costa María Jesús , Proctor Kathryn , Sabatini Marco T. , Gee Anthony P. , Lewis Simon E. , Pico Yolanda , Kasprzyk-Hordern Barbara 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEuropean legislation focusing on water quality is expected to broaden to encompass several pharmaceuticals as priority hazardous substances. This manuscript aims to challenge current regulatory approaches that do not recognize stereochemistry of chiral pharmaceuticals by testing the hypothesis that environmental transformation and effects of chiral pharmaceuticals are stereoselective. Our experiments revealed that, while degradation of chiral fluoxetine (FL) in river water occurs via non-enantioselective photochemical and mildly-enantioselective microbial processes favoring the (R)-enantiomer, a pronounced enantioselectivity favoring (S)-FL (leading to the formation of (S)-NFL (norfluoxetine)) is observed during activated sludge treatment. Toxicity tests proved strong enantiomer-specific toxicity in the case of Tetrahymena thermophila, protozoa that are utilized during activated sludge treatment ((R)-FL is 30× more toxic than (S)-FL; (S)-NFL is 10× more toxic than (S)-FL). This is of paramount importance as preferential degradation of (S)-FL in activated sludge microcosms leads to the enrichment of FL with 30× more toxic (R)-FL and formation of 10× more toxic (S)-NFL. It is commonly assumed that a decreased concentration of FL leads to decreased biological impact. Our study proves that despite the overall decrease in FL concentration, accumulation of toxic (R)-FL and formation of toxic (S)-NFL leads to much higher than presumed toxicological effects.
Effective mechanical properties of multilayer nano-heterostructures
Authors: Mukhopadhyay T. , Mahata A. , Adhikari S. , Zaeem M. Asle 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTwo-dimensional and quasi-two-dimensional materials are important nanostructures because of their exciting electronic, optical, thermal, chemical and mechanical properties. However, a single-layer nanomaterial may not possess a particular property adequately, or multiple desired properties simultaneously. Recently a new trend has emerged to develop nano-heterostructures by assembling multiple monolayers of different nanostructures to achieve various tunable desired properties simultaneously. For example, transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 show promising electronic and piezoelectric properties, but their low mechanical strength is a constraint for practical applications. This barrier can be mitigated by considering graphene-MoS2 heterostructure, as graphene possesses strong mechanical properties. We have developed efficient closed-form expressions for the equivalent elastic properties of such multi-layer hexagonal nano-hetrostructures. Based on these physics-based analytical formulae, mechanical properties are investigated for different heterostructures such as graphene-MoS2, graphene-hBN, graphene-stanene and stanene-MoS2. The proposed formulae will enable efficient characterization of mechanical properties in developing a wide range of application-specific nano-heterostructures.
Rescue of PFOS-induced human Sertoli cell injury by overexpressing a p-FAK-Y407E phosphomimetic mutant
Authors: Chen Haiqi , Gao Ying , Mruk Dolores D. , Xiao Xiang , John Constance M. , Turek Paul J. , Lui Wing-yee , Lee Will M. , Silvestrini Bruno , Cheng C. Yan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPFOS induces Sertoli cell injury using testicular cells isolated from rodent testes, but it remains unknown if PFOS has similar effects in humans. Herein, we maintained human Sertoli cells in a mitotically active statein vitro, thus enabling transfection experiments that altered gene expression to explore the molecular mechanism(s) underlying toxicant-induced cell injury. Human Sertoli cells obtained from men at ages 15, 23, 36 and 40 were culturedin vitro. These differentiated Sertoli cells remained mitotically active when cultured in the presence of 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum), with a replication time of ~1–3 weeks. At ~80% confluency, they were used for studies including toxicant exposure, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence analysis, tight junction (TJ)-permeability assessment, and overexpression of BTB (blood-testis barrier) regulatory genes such as FAK and its phosphomimetic mutants. PFOS was found to induce Sertoli cell injury through disruptive effects on actin microfilaments and microtubule (MT) organization across the cell cytosol. As a consequence, these cytoskeletal networks failed to support cell adhesion at the BTB. Overexpression of a FAK phosphomimetic and constitutively active mutant p-FAK-Y407E in these cells was capable of rescuing the PFOS-induced injury through corrective cellular organization of cytoskeletal elements. Summary: PFOS induces human Sertoli cell injury which can be rescued by overexpressing p-FAK-Y407E mutant.
Evidence of quantum phase transition in real-space vacuum entanglement of higher derivative scalar quantum field theories
Authors: Kumar S. Santhosh , Shankaranarayanan S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn a bipartite set-up, the vacuum state of a free Bosonic scalar field is entangled in real space and satisfies the area-law— entanglement entropy scales linearly with area of the boundary between the two partitions. In this work, we show that the area law is violated in two spatial dimensional model Hamiltonian having dynamical critical exponent z = 3. The model physically corresponds to next-to-next-to-next nearest neighbour coupling terms on a lattice. The result reported here is the first of its kind of violation of area law in Bosonic systems in higher dimensions and signals the evidence of a quantum phase transition. We provide evidence for quantum phase transition both numerically and analytically using quantum Information tools like entanglement spectra, quantum fidelity, and gap in the energy spectra. We identify the cause for this transition due to the accumulation of large number of angular zero modes around the critical point which catalyses the change in the ground state wave function due to the next-to-next-to-next nearest neighbor coupling. Lastly, using Hubbard-Stratanovich transformation, we show that the effective Bosonic Hamiltonian can be obtained from an interacting fermionic theory and provide possible implications for condensed matter systems.
Quantum steerability based on joint measurability
Authors: Chen Zhihua , Ye Xiangjun , Fei Shao-Ming 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOccupying a position between entanglement and Bell nonlocality, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Many criteria have been proposed and experimentally implemented to characterize EPR-steering. Nevertheless, only a few results are available to quantify steerability using analytical results. In this work, we propose a method for quantifying the steerability in two-qubit quantum states in the two-setting EPR-steering scenario, using the connection between joint measurability and steerability. We derive an analytical formula for the steerability of a class of X-states. The sufficient and necessary conditions for two-setting EPR-steering are presented. Based on these results, a class of asymmetric states, namely, one-way steerable states, are obtained.
Reduced orbitofrontal-thalamic functional connectivity related to suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Kim Kiwon , Kim Sung-Woo , Myung Woojae , Han Cheol E. , Fava Maurizio , Mischoulon David , Papakostas George I. , Seo Sang Won , Cho Hana , Seong Joon-Kyung , Jeon Hong Jin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDespite recent developments in neuroimaging, alterations of brain functional connectivity in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with suicidal ideation are poorly understood. This study investigated specific changes of suicidal ideation in functional connectivity of MDD patients. Whole brain functional connectivity in 46 patients with MDD (23 with suicidal ideation and 23 without) and 36 age- and gender- matched healthy controls were compared using resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) analyzed with network-based statistics (NBS) and graph-theoretical methods. Decreased functional connectivity in a characterized sub-network was observed in patients with MDD and suicidal ideation (FDR-adjusted p < 0.05). The sub-network included the regions of the fronto-thalamic circuits in the left hemisphere. The network measures of the left superior frontal gyrus, pars orbitalis (r = −0.40, p = 0.009), left thalamus (r = −0.41, p = 0.009), and right thalamus (r = −0.51, p = −0.002) were shown, through graph theoretical analysis, to be significantly negatively correlated with severity of suicidal ideation. The reduced functional connectivity in left orbitofrontal-both thalamic regions with suicidal ideation in MDD were inversely proportional to the severity of suicidality independent from depression severity. These findings suggest problems with decision-making and information integration in MDD patients with suicidal ideation.
A collection of genetically engineered Populus trees reveals wood biomass traits that predict glucose yield from enzymatic hydrolysis
Authors: Escamez Sacha , Latha Gandla Madhavi , Derba-Maceluch Marta , Lundqvist Sven-Olof , Mellerowicz Ewa J. , Jönsson Leif J. , Tuominen Hannele 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWood represents a promising source of sugars to produce bio-based renewables, including biofuels. However, breaking down lignocellulose requires costly pretreatments because lignocellulose is recalcitrant to enzymatic saccharification. Increasing saccharification potential would greatly contribute to make wood a competitive alternative to petroleum, but this requires improving wood properties. To identify wood biomass traits associated with saccharification, we analyzed a total of 65 traits related to wood chemistry, anatomy and structure, biomass production and saccharification in 40 genetically engineered Populus tree lines. These lines exhibited broad variation in quantitative traits, allowing for multivariate analyses and mathematical modeling. Modeling revealed that seven wood biomass traits associated in a predictive manner with saccharification of glucose after pretreatment. Four of these seven traits were also negatively associated with biomass production, suggesting a trade-off between saccharification potential and total biomass, which has previously been observed to offset the overall sugar yield from whole trees. We therefore estimated the “total-wood glucose yield” (TWG) from whole trees and found 22 biomass traits predictive of TWG after pretreatment. Both saccharification and TWG were associated with low abundant, often overlooked matrix polysaccharides such as arabinose and rhamnose which possibly represent new markers for improved Populus feedstocks.
Genome-wide survey indicates diverse physiological roles of the turnip (Brassica rapa var. rapa) calcium-dependent protein kinase genes
Authors: Wang Qiuli , Yin Xin , Chen Qian , Xiang Nan , Sun Xudong , Yang Yunqiang , Yang Yongping 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCalcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs) as crucial sensors of calcium concentration changes play important roles in responding to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, 55 BrrCDPK genes, which were phylogenetically clustered into four subfamilies, were identified. Chromosome locations indicated that the CDPK family in turnip expanded by segmental duplication and genome rearrangement. Moreover, gene expression profiles showed that different BrrCDPKs were expressed in specific tissues or stages. Transcript levels of BrrCDPKs indicated that they were involved in abiotic and biotic stresses and that paralogs exhibited functional divergence. Additionally, we identified 15 Rboh genes in turnip; the results of yeast two-hybrid analysis suggested that BrrRbohD1 interacted only with BrrCDPK10 and that BrrRbohD2 interacted with BrrCDPK4/7/9/10/17/22/23. Most of the genes play an important role in pst DC3000 defense by regulating the accumulation of H2O2 and stomatal closure. Our study may provide an important foundation for future functional analysis of BrrCDPKs and reveal further biological roles.
Dog ownership and the risk of cardiovascular disease and death – a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Mubanga Mwenya , Byberg Liisa , Nowak Christoph , Egenvall Agneta , Magnusson Patrik K. , Ingelsson Erik , Fall Tove 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDogs may be beneficial in reducing cardiovascular risk in their owners by providing social support and motivation for physical activity. We aimed to investigate the association of dog ownership with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death in a register-based prospective nation-wide cohort (n = 3,432,153) with up to 12 years of follow-up. Self-reported health and lifestyle habits were available for 34,202 participants in the Swedish Twin Register. Time-to-event analyses with time-updated covariates were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In single- and multiple-person households, dog ownership (13.1%) was associated with lower risk of death, HR 0.67 (95% CI, 0.65–0.69) and 0.89 (0.87–0.91), respectively; and CVD death, HR 0.64 (0.59–0.70), and 0.85 (0.81–0.90), respectively. In single-person households, dog ownership was inversely associated with cardiovascular outcomes (HR composite CVD 0.92, 95% CI, 0.89–0.94). Ownership of hunting breed dogs was associated with lowest risk of CVD. Further analysis in the Twin Register could not replicate the reduced risk of CVD or death but also gave no indication of confounding by disability, comorbidities or lifestyle factors. In conclusion, dog ownership appears to be associated with lower risk of CVD in single-person households and lower mortality in the general population.
Inhibition of myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 provides neuroprotection in early brain injury following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Yan Huiying , Zhang Dingding , Wei Yongxiang , Ni Hongbin , Liang Weibang , Zhang Huasheng , Hao Shuangying , Jin Wei , Li Kuanyu , Hang Chun-Hua 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAccumulating of evidence suggests that activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) exacerbates early brain injury (EBI) following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) by provoking pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic signaling. Myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) is an endogenous adaptor protein in the toll-like receptors (TLRs) and interleukin (IL) -1β family signaling pathways and acts as a bottle neck in the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Here, we used ST2825, a selective inhibitor of MyD88, to clarify whether inhibiting MyD88 could provide neuroprotection in EBI following SAH. Our results showed that the expression of MyD88 was markedly increased at 24 h post SAH. Intracerebroventricular injection of ST2825 significantly reduced the expression of MyD88 at 24 h post SAH. Involvement of MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways was revealed that ST2825 inhibited SAH-induced phosphorylation of TAK1, p38 and JNK, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and degradation of IκBα. Further, ST2825 administration diminished the SAH-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis. As a result, SAH-induced EBI was alleviated and neurological deficits caused by SAH were reversed. Our findings suggest that MyD88 inhibition confers marked neuroprotection against EBI following SAH. Therefore, MyD88 might be a promising new molecular target for the treatment of SAH.