bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curious, thoughtful and affirmative—Young children's meanings of participation in healthcare situations when using an interactive communication tool
Authors: Stålberg Anna , Sandberg Anette , Larsson Thomas , Coyne Imelda , Söderbäck Maja 
Published: May 2017

Aims and objectivesTo describe young children's demonstrated participation in healthcare situations while using an interactive communication tool.BackgroundParticipation is a multidimensional concept influenced by situational and contextual issues. In child participation, verbal and nonverbal communicative expressions are of interest, as both demonstrate the child's perspective. Children have a right to participate in all situations that matter to them, for instance healthcare situations. Children, understood as social actors, express a wish and a need to participate in these situations to get information and to enable preparation.Design/methodIn a pilot study, video observations were used to capture the children's use of the interactive communication tool in healthcare situations. A hermeneutic analysis was conducted to achieve a deeper understanding of the children's demonstrated cues of participation.ResultsThe expressed cues of participation were understood as having either a curious, thoughtful or affirmative meaning of participation and there was a continuous movement between them. Curious cues were expressed when introducing or reintroducing the tool in the situation and demonstrated a wish to get knowledge of the things shown on the screen or to perform the virtual tasks. Thoughtful cues slowed down the progression of the situation when the children needed time to think or adapt to the virtual procedures. Affirmative cues were self‐rewarding and demonstrated at successful task performance.ConclusionAn interactive communication tool used in healthcare situations can promote young children's understanding and facilitate their situated participation, which potentially reduces feelings of distress or anxiety. This innovative use of interactive technology within paediatric health care provides new ways of revealing the child's perspective in the situation.Relevance to clinical practiceInteractive technology improves understanding and participation of children in healthcare situations, which impact them positively, both in the present and for the future. A communication tool enhances professionals’ opportunities to adopt a child‐centred approach by responding sensitively to the children's expressions.
The trajectory of experience of critical care nurses in providing end‐of‐life care: A qualitative descriptive study
Authors: Ong Keh Kiong , Ting Kit Cheng , Chow Yeow Leng 
Published: May 2017

Aims and objectivesTo understand the perceptions of critical care nurses towards providing end‐of‐life care.BackgroundThere has been an increasing interest in end‐of‐life care in the critical care setting. In Singapore, approximately half of deaths in the hospital occur during critical care. While nurses are well positioned to provide end‐of‐life care to patients and their family members, they faced barriers to providing end‐of‐life care. Also, providing end‐of‐life care has profound positive and negative psychological effects on nurses, with the latter being more prominent.DesignQualitative descriptive design.MethodData collection was performed in a medical intensive care unit of a public tertiary hospital in Singapore. Ten registered nurses were purposively sampled and interviewed individually using a semi‐structured interview guide. A codebook was developed to guide coding, and data were thematically analysed. Rigour was maintained.ResultsNurses went through a trajectory of experience. They experienced the culture of care and developed dissatisfaction with it. The tension shaped their perception and meaning of life and death, and they developed mechanisms to reach resolution.ConclusionThis study provides insight on nurses’ perception as a trajectory of experience and raised several implications on clinical practice, policy and research. There is a need to alleviate the tension nurses face and to facilitate coming to terms with the tension by improving the culture of care and supporting nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceNurses could be involved more in decision‐making and empowered to start end‐of‐life care conversations within the team and with family members. Communication with family members and between nurses and doctors could be improved. Support for nurses providing end‐of‐life care could be enhanced through promoting social networks, education and bereavement support. Further research is needed to explore ways to support and empower nurses to provide end‐of‐life care in critical care.
Antecedents and consequences of workplace violence against nurses: A qualitative study
Authors: Najafi Fereshteh , Fallahi‐Khoshknab Masoud , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Dalvandi Asghar , Rahgozar Mehdi 
Published: May 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore Iranian nurses’ perceptions of and experiences with the antecedents and consequences of workplace violence perpetrated by patients, patients’ relatives, colleagues and superiors.BackgroundWorkplace violence against nurses is a common problem worldwide, including in Iran. Although many studies have reviewed the antecedents and consequences of workplace violence, limited information is available on this topic. An understanding of the predisposing factors for violence and the consequences of violence is essential to developing programs to prevent and manage workplace violence.DesignQualitative descriptive design.MethodsIn this qualitative study, 22 unstructured, in‐depth interviews were conducted with registered nurses who had experienced workplace violence and who were selecting using purposive sampling in nine hospitals. Inductive content analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsFive categories emerged as predisposing factors: unmet expectations of patients/relatives, inefficient organisational management, inappropriate professional communication, factors related to nurses and factors related to patients, patients’ relatives and colleagues. Individual, familial and professional consequences were identified as outcomes of workplace violence against nurses.ConclusionsWorkplace violence by patients/their relatives and colleagues/superiors is affected by various complicated factors at the individual and organisational levels. In addition to negatively affecting nurses’ individual and family lives, workplace violence may lead to a lower quality of patient care and negative attitudes towards the nursing profession.Relevance to clinical practiceIdentifying factors, which lead to workplace violence, could help facilitate documenting and reporting such incidents as well as developing the necessary interventions to reduce them. Furthermore, native instruments must be developed to predict and monitor violence.
Weight loss and improved metabolic outcomes amongst rural African American women in the Deep South: six‐month outcomes from a community‐based randomized trial
Authors: Ard J. D. , Carson T. L. , Shikany J. M. , Li Y. , Hardy C. M. , Robinson J. C. , Williams A. G. , Baskin M. L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundObesity is highly prevalent in African American women, especially those in the rural southern USA, resulting in persistent health disparities.ObjectiveTo test the effectiveness of an evidence‐based behavioural weight loss intervention delivered by community health advisors to African American women in the rural south.Design and MethodsOverweight or obese African American women (30–70 years) from eight counties in Mississippi and Alabama participated in a 24‐month randomized controlled trial of an evidence‐based behavioural weight loss programme augmented with community strategies to support healthy lifestyles (Weight Loss Plus, N = 154) compared to the weight loss programme alone (Weight Loss Only, N = 255). This study reports on 6‐month outcomes on primary (weight change) and secondary (waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids, fasting blood glucose) outcomes, coinciding with the completion of the intensive weight loss phase.ResultsWeight Loss Only participants lost an average of 2.2 kg (P < 0.001). Weight Loss Plus participants lost an average of 3.2 kg (P < 0.001). The proportion of the total sample that lost at least 5% of their body weight was 27.1% with no difference between treatment groups. Similarly, we observed statistically significant reductions in blood pressure, waist circumference and triglycerides in each treatment group, with no statistical differences between groups.ConclusionTrained lay health staff and volunteers from the rural southern USA were able to deliver a translation of a high‐intensity behavioural intervention targeted to African American women, resulting in clinically meaningful weight loss and improvement in other metabolic outcomes in a significant proportion of participants.
Contrast Extravasation versus Hemorrhage after Thrombectomy in Patients with Acute Stroke
Authors: Yedavalli Vivek , Sammet Steffen 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEIntra‐arterial recanalization postprocedural imaging in stroke patients can result in diagnostic complications due to hyperdensities on noncontrast computed tomography (CT), which may represent either contrast extravasation or intracranial hemorrhage. If these lesions are hemorrhage, then they are risk factors becoming symptomatic, which, if not distinguished, can alter clinical management. We investigate the effects of iodinated contrast on postprocedural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and prevalence of equivocal imaging interpretations of postprocedural extravasated contrast versus hemorrhage while identifying protocol pitfalls.METHODSWe identified 10 patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke who underwent intra‐arterial recanalization in a 5‐year period. These patients demonstrated a hyperdensity on a postprocedural CT within 24 hours, underwent an MRI within 48 hours, and an additional confirmatory noncontrast CT at least 72 hours postprocedure.RESULTSPostprocedural MRI in all 10 stroke patients demonstrated T1‐ and T2‐relaxation time changes due to residual iodine contrast agents. This lead to false positive postprocedural hemorrhage MRI interpretations in 2/10 patients, 3/10 false negative interpretations of contrast extravasation, and 5/10 equivocal interpretations suggesting extravasation or hemorrhage. Of these five cases, two were performed with gadolinium.CONCLUSIONMRI done within 48 hours postprocedure can lead to false positive hemorrhage or false negative contrast extravasation interpretations in stroke patients possibly due to effects from the administered angiographic contrast. Additionally, MRI should be done both after 72 hours for confirmation and without gadolinium contrast as the effects of the gadolinium contrast and residual angiographic contrast could lead to misdiagnosis.
A Simplified Approach for Fabrication of a Lightweight Individualized Impression Tray with the Aid of Existing Obturator Prosthesis Using Lost Salt Technique
Authors: Bhochhibhoya Amar , Acharya Binod , Rana Samskar Bickram , Sharma Rinu , Maskey Brijesh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMaxillary defects resulting from ablative oncologic surgery can be extensive and usually have complex contours. Impression procedures for such defects can be time consuming and cumbersome, challenging the skills of even the most‐experienced clinician. A well‐oriented impression tray with proper extension and adequate contour is essential for successfully capturing the relevant details in impression. This article describes a method using the patient's existing obturator prosthesis to simplify and expedite the fabrication of a lightweight individualized impression tray directly on an irreversible hydrocolloid impression, thus avoiding the preliminary impression procedure for the patient.
Systemic inflammation and alterations to cerebral blood flow in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Chen Hsiu‐Ling , Lin Hsin‐Ching , Lu Cheng‐Hsien , Chen Pei‐Chin , Huang Chih‐Cheng , Chou Kun‐Hsien , Su Mao‐Chang , Friedman Michael , Chen Yi‐Wen , Lin Wei‐Che 
Published: May 2017

SummarySystemic inflammation and alterations to regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) have been reported previously in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study utilized arterial spin labelling (ASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate CBF in OSA patients and determine its relationship with systemic inflammation. Twenty male patients with moderate and severe OSA [apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) >15] and 16 healthy male volunteers (AHI <5) were recruited. Early‐ or late‐phase changes in leucocyte apoptosis and its subsets were determined by flow cytometry. Perfusion MRI data were acquired with a pulsed continuous ASL technique. The CBF maps were compared using voxel‐based statistics to determine differences between the OSA and control groups. The differences in CBF, clinical severity and leucocyte apoptosis were correlated. Exploratory groupwise comparison between the two groups revealed that the OSA patients exhibited low CBF values in the vulnerable regions. The lower regional CBF values were correlated with higher clinical disease severity and leucocyte apoptosis. OSA impairs cerebral perfusion in vulnerable regions, and this deficit is associated with increased disease severity. The apparent correlation between systemic inflammation and cerebral perfusion may be indicative of haemodynamic alterations and their consequences in OSA.
Canine Cutaneous Plasmacytosis: 21 Cases (2005–2015)
Authors: Boostrom B.O. , Moore A.S. , DeRegis C.J. , Robat C. , Freeman K. , Thamm D.H. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundCutaneous plasmacytosis (CP) is a syndrome of multiple cutaneous plasma cell tumors, in the absence of multiple myeloma. Although rare in both humans and dogs, treatment recommendations are usually extrapolated from multiple myeloma protocols. To date, no case series of CP have been described in the veterinary literature.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo describe clinical presentation, determine treatment response rates and duration, and report overall survival of dogs with CP.AnimalsTwenty‐one client‐owned dogs with CP.MethodsMedical records of 21 dogs with CP were reviewed. Diagnosis was based on histopathologic evaluation of at least 1 representative cutaneous or subcutaneous lesion in dogs with ≥3 lesions. Dogs with suspicion of multiple myeloma were excluded.ResultsThe most commonly affected breeds were the golden (5/21) and Labrador retriever (3/21). Fourteen of 21 dogs had >10 lesions, with some having >100. Lesions commonly were described as round, raised, pink‐to‐red, and variably alopecic or ulcerated. The most commonly used drug protocol was combined melphalan and prednisone, with an overall response rate (ORR) of 73.7% (14/19 dogs). Single‐agent lomustine was associated with a similar ORR of 71.4% (5/7 dogs). For all treatments combined, the median progression‐free interval after the first treatment was 153 days. The median survival time from the first treatment was 542 days.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAlkylating agents were effective in inducing remission of CP; corticosteroids, melphalan, and lomustine were the most commonly used drugs. Survival times were similar to those reported in dogs with multiple myeloma treated with alkylating agents.
Visual predation during springtime foraging of the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis)
Authors: Fasick Jeffry I. , Baumgartner Mark F. , Cronin Thomas W. , Nickle Benjamin , Kezmoh Lorren J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo assess the role that vision plays in the ability of the North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis) to detect its primary prey species, the calanoid copepod Calanus finmarchicus, we have compared the absorbance spectrum of the E. glacialis rod visual pigment, the transmittance spectra of C. finmarchicus carotenoid pigments, as well as the downwelling irradiance and horizontal radiance spectra collected during springtime at three locations in the western Gulf of Maine. The E. glacialis rod visual pigment absorbs light maximally at 493 nm, while microspectrophotometric measurements of the C. finmarchicus carotenoid pigments reveal transmission spectra with minima matching very well with the E. glacialis rod visual pigment absorbance spectra maximum. Springtime spectral downwelling irradiance and horizontal radiance values from the surface waters of Cape Cod Bay and at all depths in Great South Channel overlap the E. glacialis rod absorbance spectrum, allowing C. finmarchicus to appear as a high‐contrast dark silhouette against a bright background spacelight, thus facilitating visually guided contrast foraging. In contrast, spectral downwelling irradiance and horizontal radiance at depth in Cape Cod Bay, and all depths in Wilkinson Basin, do not overlap the E. glacialis rod absorbance spectrum, providing little if any useful light for contrast vision.
A calmodulin‐like protein regulates plasmodesmal closure during bacterial immune responses
Authors: Xu Bo , Cheval Cécilia , Laohavisit Anuphon , Hocking Bradleigh , Chiasson David , Olsson Tjelvar S. G. , Shirasu Ken , Faulkner Christine , Gilliham Matthew 
Published: May 2017

Summary

Plants sense microbial signatures via activation of pattern recognition receptors (PPRs), which trigger a range of cellular defences. One response is the closure of plasmodesmata, which reduces symplastic connectivity and the capacity for direct molecular exchange between host cells.

Plasmodesmal flux is regulated by a variety of environmental cues but the downstream signalling pathways are poorly defined, especially the way in which calcium regulates plasmodesmal closure.

Here, we identify that closure of plasmodesmata in response to bacterial flagellin, but not fungal chitin, is mediated by a plasmodesmal‐localized Ca2+‐binding protein Calmodulin‐like 41 (CML41). CML41 is transcriptionally upregulated by flg22 and facilitates rapid callose deposition at plasmodesmata following flg22 treatment. CML41 acts independently of other defence responses triggered by flg22 perception and reduces bacterial infection.

We propose that CML41 enables Ca2+‐signalling specificity during bacterial pathogen attack and is required for a complete defence response against Pseudomonas syringae.
Increased oral inflammation, leukocytes, and leptin, and lower adiponectin in overweight or obesity
Authors: Thanakun S , Pornprasertsuk‐Damrongsri S , Izumi Y 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThe association between body mass index (BMI) and oral diseases was investigated, and levels of obesity‐related inflammatory mediators were evaluated.Subjects and MethodsParticipants (n = 160) were clinically and radiographically examined for oral diseases. Blood profiles were recorded. Levels of adiponectin, leptin, and C‐reactive protein (CRP) were measured.ResultsOne hundred and thirteen (70.6%) participants had overweight or obese status (BMI ≥ 23.0 kg/m2). Sum of dental diseases and severe periodontitis were higher in overweight or obese individuals than in normal‐weight participants (p = .037 and p = .002, respectively). A significant difference in oral mucosal disorders between normal weight and overweight or obesity was not found. Plasma leukocyte counts, liver enzymes, leptin, and CRP levels were increased while adiponectin levels were decreased in individuals with BMI≥23.0 kg/m2 compared with normal‐weight participants. After adjusting for age, sex, fasting plasma glucose level, smoking, and exercise, obesity was associated with sum of dental diseases (ß = 0.239, p = .013), severe periodontitis (OR=4.52; 95% CI 1.37, 14.95, p = .013), adiponectin (ß = –0.359, p < .001), leptin (ß = 0.630, p < .001), and CRP levels (OR=12.66; 95% CI 3.07, 52.21, p < .001).ConclusionOverweight or obese Thai people were related to an increase in inflammatory dental and periodontal diseases with an altered health profile and plasma inflammatory mediators.
Clinical, immunologic, molecular analyses and outcomes of iranian patients with LRBA deficiency: A longitudinal study
Authors: Azizi Gholamreza , Abolhassani Hassan , Mahdaviani Seyed Alireza , Chavoshzadeh Zahra , Eshghi Peyman , Yazdani Reza , Kiaee Fatemeh , Shaghaghi Mohammadreza , Mohammadi Javad , Rezaei Nima , Hammarström Lennart , Aghamohammadi Asghar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundLPS‐responsive beige‐like anchor protein (LRBA) deficiency is a combined immunodeficiency caused by mutation in LRBA gene. The patients have a variety of clinical symptoms including hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent infections, autoimmunity, and enteropathy.MethodsA total of 17 LRBA‐deficient patients were enrolled in this longitudinal study. For all patients, demographic information, clinical records, laboratory, and molecular data were collected.ResultHypogammaglobulinemia was reported in 14 (82.4%), CD4+ T‐cell deficiency in five (29.4%), NK cell deficiency in three (21.4%), and CD19+ B‐cell deficiency in 11 (64.7%) patients. All patients had history of infectious complications; pneumonia was the most common (76.5%) occurring infection. A history of lymphoproliferative disorders was observed in 14 (82.3%), enteropathy in 13 (76.5%), allergic symptoms in six (35.5%), neurologic problems in four (23.5), and autoimmunity (mostly autoimmune cytopenia) in 13 (76.5%) patients. Sirolimus treatment improved enteropathy of patients with remarkable success. The 20‐year overall survival rate declined to 70.6%.ConclusionLRBA deficiency has a very broad and variable phenotype and should be considered, especially in children with early‐onset hypogammaglobulinemia, severe autoimmune manifestations, enteropathy, lymphoproliferation, and recurrent respiratory tract infections.
Expression of aquaporin 4 in the chicken ovary in relation to follicle development
Authors: Nowak M , Grzesiak M , Saito N , Kwaśniewska M , Sechman A , Hrabia A 
Published: May 2017

ContentsIn the mammalian ovary, aquaporins (AQPs) are thought to be involved in the regulation of fluid transport within the follicular wall and antrum formation. Data concerning the AQPs in the avian ovary is very limited. Therefore, the present study was designed to examine whether the AQP4 is present in the chicken ovary, and if so, what is its distribution in the ovarian compartment of the laying hen. Localization of AQP4 in the ovarian follicles at different stage of development was also investigated. After decapitation of hens the stroma with primordial follicles and white (1–4 mm), yellowish (4–8 mm), small yellow and the three largest yellow pre‐ovulatory follicles F3‐F1 (F3 < F2 < F1; 20–36 mm) were isolated from the ovary. The granulosa and theca layers were separated from the pre‐ovulatory follicles. The AQP4 mRNA and protein were detected in all examined ovarian compartments by the real‐time PCR and Western blot analyses, respectively. The relative expression of AQP4 was depended on follicular size and the layer of follicular wall. It was the lowest in the granulosa layer of pre‐ovulatory follicles and the highest in the ovarian stroma as well as white and yellowish follicles. Along with approaching of the largest follicle to ovulation the gradual decrease in AQP4 protein level in the granulosa layer was observed. Immunoreactivity for AQP4 was present in the granulosa and theca cells (theca interna ≥ theca externa > granulosa). The obtained results suggest that AQP4 may take part in the regulation of water transport required for follicle development in the chicken ovary.