bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Realistic aortic phantom to study hemodynamics using MRI and cardiac catheterization in normal and aortic coarctation conditions
Authors: Urbina Jesús , Sotelo Julio A. , Springmüller Daniel , Montalba Cristian , Letelier Karis , Tejos Cristián , Irarrázaval Pablo , Andia Marcelo E. , Razavi Reza , Valverde Israel , Uribe Sergio A. 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo design and characterize a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐compatible aortic phantom simulating normal and aortic coarctation (AoCo) conditions and to compare its hemodynamics with healthy volunteers and AoCo patients.Materials and MethodsThe phantom is composed of an MRI‐compatible pump, control unit, aortic model, compliance chamber, nonreturn, and shutoff valves. The phantom without and with AoCo (13, 11, and 9 mm) was studied using 2D and 3D phase‐contrast data and with a catheterization unit to measure pressures. The phantom data were compared with the mean values of 10 healthy volunteers and two AoCo patients.ResultsHemodynamic parameters in the normal phantom and healthy volunteers were: heart rate: 68/61 bpm, cardiac output: 3.5/4.5 L/min, peak flow and peak velocity (Vpeak) in the ascending aorta (AAo): 270/357 mL/s (significantly, P < 0.05) and 97/107 cm/s (not significantly, P = 0.16), and pressure in the AAo of the normal phantom of 131/58 mmHg. Hemodynamic parameters in the 13, 11, and 9 mm coarctation phantoms and Patients 1 and 2 were: heart rate: 75/75/75/97/78 bpm, cardiac output: 3.3/3.0/2.9/4.0/5.8 L/min, peak flow in the AAo: 245/265/215/244/376 mL/s, Vpeak in the AAo: 96/95/81/196/187 cm/s, Vpeak after the AoCo: 123/187/282/247/165 cm/s, pressure in the AAo: 124/56, 127/51, 133/50, 120/51 and 87/39 mmHg, and a trans‐coarctation systolic pressure gradient: 7, 10, 30, 20, and 11 mmHg.ConclusionWe propose and characterize a normal and an AoCo phantom, whose hemodynamics, including velocity, flow, and pressure data are within the range of healthy volunteers and patients with AoCo. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:683–697.
In vivo detection of hyperacute neuronal compaction and recovery by MRI following electric trauma in rats
Authors: Tóth Arnold , Kátai Emese , Kálmán Endre , Bogner Péter , Schwarcz Attila , Dóczi Tamás , Sík Attila , Pál József 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo verify the following phenomenon in vivo using quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Neuronal compression may occur following brain injuries in the cortex and hippocampus. As well being characterized by previous histological studies in rats, the majority of these neurons undergo hyperacute recovery rather than apoptotic death.Materials and MethodsTwenty male Wistar rats were assigned into injured or sham‐injured groups (n = 10). The injured group underwent an electric trauma model to provoke compacted neuron formation. A T1 map was acquired prior to the injury and 10 T1 maps were acquired consecutively over a period of 2.5 hours after the injury, using a 3.0T scanner. Voxelwise statistical analyses were performed between timepoints. To enable comparison with the histological appearance of the compacted neurons, silver staining was performed on a sham‐injured rat and five injured rats, 10, 40, 90, 150, and 300 minutes after the injury.ResultsA significant (corrected P < 0.05) increase in average T1 from the preinjury (895.24 msec) to the first postinjury timepoint (T1 = 951.37 msec) was followed by a significant (corrected P < 0.05) decrease (return) up to the last postinjury timepoint (T1 = 913.16 msec) in the voxels of the cortex and hippocampus. No significant (corrected P < 0.05) change in T1 was found in the sham‐injured group.ConclusionThe spatial and temporal linkages between the MRI T1 changes and the histological findings suggest that neuronal compaction and recovery is associated with T1 alterations. MRI therefore offers the possibility of in vivo investigations of neuronal compaction and recovery. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:814–822.
Oximetric angiosome imaging in diabetic feet
Authors: Zheng Jie , Muccigrosso David , Zhang Xiaodong , An Hongyu , Coggan Andrew R. , Adil Bashir , Hildebolt Charles F. , Vemuri Chandu , Geraghty Patrick , Hastings Mary K. , Mueller Michael J. 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo develop a noncontrast oximetric angiosome imaging approach to assess skeletal muscle oxygenation in diabetic feet.Materials and MethodsIn four healthy and five subjects with diabetes, the feasibility of foot oximetry was examined using a 3T clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The subjects' feet were scanned at rest and during a toe‐flexion isometric exercise. The oxygen extraction fraction of skeletal muscle was measured using a susceptibility‐based MRI method. Our newly developed MR foot oximetric angiosome model was compared with the traditional angiosome model in the assessment of the distribution of oxygen extraction fraction.ResultsUsing the traditional angiosome during the toe‐flexion exercise, the oxygen extraction fraction in the medial foot of healthy subjects increased (4.9 ± 3%) and decreased (–2.7 ± 4.4%) in subjects with diabetes (difference = 7.6%; 95% confidence interval = –13.7 ± 1.4; P = 0.02). Using the oximetric angiosome, the percent difference in the areas of oxygen extraction fraction within the 0.7–1.0 range (expected oxygen extraction fraction during exercise) between rest and exercise was higher in healthy subjects (8 ± 4%) than in subjects with diabetes (4 ± 4%; P = 0.02).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility of measuring skeletal muscle oxygen extraction fraction in the foot muscle during a toe‐flexion isometric exercise. Instead of assessing oxygen extraction fraction in a foot muscle region linked to a supplying artery (traditional angiosome), the foot oximetric angiosome model assesses oxygen extraction fraction by its different levels in all foot muscle regions and thus may be more appropriate for assessing local ischemia in ulcerated diabetic feet. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:940–946.
MR spectroscopy for in vivo assessment of the oncometabolite 2‐hydroxyglutarate and its effects on cellular metabolism in human brain gliomas at 9.4T
Authors: Bisdas Sotirios , Chadzynski Grzegorz L. , Braun Christian , Schittenhelm Jens , Skardelly Marco , Hagberg Gisela E. , Ethofer Thomas , Pohmann Rolf , Shajan G. , Engelmann Jörn , Tabatabai Ghazaleh , Ziemann Ulf , Ernemann Ulrike , Scheffler Klaus 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo examine in vivo metabolic alterations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutated gliomas using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) at magnetic field 9.4T.Materials and MethodsSpectra were acquired with a 9.4T whole‐body scanner with the use of a custom‐built head coil (16 channel transmit and 31 channel receive). A modified stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence was used for localization. Eighteen patients with brain tumors of probable glial origin participated in this study. The study was performed in accordance with the guidelines of the local Ethics Committee.ResultsThe increased spectral resolution allowed us to directly address metabolic alterations caused by the specific pathophysiology of IDH mutations including the presence of the oncometabolite 2‐hydroxglutarate (2HG) and a significant decrease of the pooled glutamate and glutamine (20%, P = 0.024), which probably reflects an attempt to replenish α‐ketoglutarate lost by conversion to 2HG. We also observed significantly reduced glutathione (GSH) levels (39%, P = 0.019), which could be similarly caused by depletion of dihydronicotinamide‐adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) during this conversion in IDH mutant gliomas.ConclusionWe demonstrate that MRS at 9.4T provides a noninvasive measure of 2HG in vivo, which may be used for therapy planning and prognostication, and may provide insights into related pathophysiologic metabolic alterations associated with IDH mutations. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:823–833.
Utility of noncontrast‐enhanced time‐resolved four‐dimensional MR angiography with a vessel‐selective technique for intracranial arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Fujima Noriyuki , Osanai Toshiya , Shimizu Yukie , Yoshida Atsushi , Harada Taisuke , Nakayama Naoki , Kudo Kohsuke , Houkin Kiyohiro , Shirato Hiroki 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the utility of a vessel‐selective four‐dimensional (4D) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) technique for the evaluation of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs).Materials and MethodsTwelve AVM patients were evaluated retrospectively. Time‐of‐flight (TOF) MRA, nonvessel‐selective 4D‐MRA (NS‐4D‐MRA), and vessel‐selective 4D‐MRA (VS‐4D‐MRA) were performed using a 3T MR unit in all patients, and used to identify feeding arteries and draining veins and measure nidus size. The diagnostic accuracy of the three techniques was compared using digital subtraction angiography (DSA). If a multifeeder was observed, the percentage of blood flow of each feeding artery to the entire nidus was evaluated and compared to the DSA findings using the “error value,” defined as the degree of overestimation of the blood flow. All imaging findings were assessed by two neuroradiologists.ResultsIn both raters, the detectability of feeding arteries by VS‐4D‐MRA (12 and 11 patients) was significantly higher than those of TOF‐MRA (7 and 6 patients) and NS‐4D‐MRA (8 and 7 patients) (P &lt; 0.016). The detectability of drainer veins by TOF‐MRA (10 and 10 patients) was significantly higher than that of VS‐4D‐MRA (7 and 6 patients). In the percentage of the blood flow of each feed artery to the entire nidus, the DSA findings (error value; 27.1 ± 5.7) indicated overestimations of the blood flow compared to the VS‐4D‐MRA (error value; 7.1 ± 3.9) (P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionVS‐4D‐MRA was shown to be a useful technique for the evaluation of intracranial AVMs, especially for detecting feed arteries and estimating details of the nidus structure. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:834–845.
Contribution of each masticatory muscle to the bite force determined by MRI using a novel metal‐free bite force gauge and an index of total muscle activity
Authors: Takahashi Minoru , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Fujii Tsuyoshi , Watanabe Makoto , Hattori Yoshinori 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo develop a metal‐free bite force gauge that can monitor the bite force in a strong magnetic field and to analyze the correlations between bite‐force and total T2 shift of the mastication muscles.Materials and MethodsThe gauge used a micro‐pressure sensor made of optical fiber. Ten subjects performed a 60‐s isometric bite task at 40% of maximum clenching in various occlusal support conditions (intact dentition, right molar loss, or left molar loss). Spin‐echo images were taken with a 1.5 Tesla scanner before and immediately after the task to correlate the bite force with the mean voxel count, mean shift in transverse relaxation time (ΔT2), and total T2 shift of each masticatory muscle.ResultsMeasurements of total T2 shift identified significant correlations between the bite force and activities of the superficial layer of the bilateral masseter muscle, regardless of the occlusion condition (intact dentition: left, P = 0.007 and right, P < 0.001; right molar loss: left, P = 0.02 and right, P = 0.021; and left molar loss: left, P = 0.022 and right, P = 0.049). In contrast, significant correlations were not detected between the bite force and mean ΔT2 (intact dentition: left, P = 0.102 and right, P = 0.053; right molar loss: left, P = 0.393 and right, P = 0.868; and left molar loss: left, P = 0.531 and right, P = 0.92).ConclusionMeasurement of total T2 shift using a metal‐free bite force gauge is a more sensitive index of individual muscle activity than mean ΔT2 during a bite task. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:804–813.
Quiet diffusion‐weighted head scanning: Initial clinical evaluation in ischemic stroke patients at 1.5T
Authors: Rösch Julie , Ott Martin , Heismann Bjoern , Doerfler Arnd , Engelhorn Tobias , Sembritzki Klaus , Grodzki David M. 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo compare the quality and diagnostic value of routine single‐shot, echo‐planar imaging, diffusion‐weighted imaging (ss‐EPI‐DWI) to those of quiet readout segmented EPI‐DWI (q‐DWI) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of acute stroke.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐six patients with acute stroke underwent a 1.5T MRI including diffusion‐weighted ss‐EPI and q‐DWI. The two sequences were protocolled to have identical spatial resolution and spatial coverage. q‐DWI was tested with (regular q‐DWI) and without (fast q‐DWI) averaging in 13 patients each. The acoustic noise generated by each sequence was measured. Quantitative and qualitative assessments regarding signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR), lesion conspicuity, level of artifacts, overall image quality as well as diagnostic content were performed.ResultsSNR and CNR values of the q‐DWI scans were considerably higher than those of ss‐EPI DWI (P ≤ 0.0078). No statistical difference was found for lesion conspicuity (P ≥ 0.125). Statistical differences were found for level of artifacts (P ≥ 0.0078) and overall image quality (P ≥ 0.002). Both were evaluated better in the ss‐EPI DWI than in the regular and fast q‐DWI. Apart from one fast q‐DWI patient, radiologists voted the images to have the same diagnostic content, with upper 90% confidence limits of 0.238 for regular q‐DWI and 0.429 for fast q‐DWI.ConclusionIf the acoustic burden is critical to the patient, q‐DWI is an equivalent quiet alternative to ss‐EPI DWI for use in stroke patients. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1238–1243.
Soft computing‐based approach for optimal design of on‐chip comparator and folded‐cascode op‐amp using colliding bodies optimization
Authors: De Bishnu Prasad , Kar R. , Mandal D. , Ghoshal S. P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper presents an efficient approach for the optimal designs of two analog circuits, namely complementary metal oxide semiconductor) two‐stage comparator with p‐channel metal oxide semiconductor input driver and n‐channel input and folded‐cascode operational amplifier using a recently proposed meta‐heuristic‐based optimization algorithm named as colliding bodies optimization (CBO). It is a multi‐agent algorithm that does not depend upon any internal control parameter, making the algorithm extremely simple. The main objective of this paper is to optimize the metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistors' sizes using CBO in order to reduce the areas occupied by the circuits and to get better performance parameters of the circuits. Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis simulation has been carried out by using the optimal values of MOS transistors' sizes and other design parameters to validate that CBO‐based design is satisfying the desired specifications. Simulation results demonstrate that the design specifications are closely met and the required functionalities are achieved. The simulation results also confirm that the CBO‐based approach is superior to the other algorithms in terms of MOS area and performance parameters like gain, power dissipation, etc., for the examples considered. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High strains near femoral insertion site of the superficial medial collateral ligament of the Knee can explain the clinical failure pattern
Authors: Luyckx Thomas , Verstraete Matthias , De Roo Karel , Van Der Straeten Catherine , Victor Jan 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe three dimensional (3D) deformation of the superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) of the knee might play an important role in the understanding of the biomechanics of sMCL lesions. Therefore, the strain and deformation pattern of the sMCL during the range of motion were recorded in five cadaveric knees with digital image correlation. During knee flexion, the sMCL was found to deform in the three planes. In the sagittal plane, a rotation of the proximal part of the sMCL relative to the distal part occurred with the center of this rotation being the proximal tibial insertion site of the sMCL. This deformation generated high strains near the femoral insertion site of the sMCL. These strains were significantly higher than in the other parts and were maximal at 90° with on average +3.7% of strain and can explain why most lesions in clinical practice are seen in this proximal region. The deformation also has important implications for sMCL reconstruction techniques. Only a perfect anatomic restoration of the insertion sites of the sMCL on both the proximal and distal tibial insertion sites will be able to reproduce the isometry of the sMCL and thus provide the adequate stability throughout the range of motion. The fact that knee motion between 15° and 90° caused minimal strain in the sMCL might suggest that early passive range of motion in physical therapy postoperatively should have little risk of stretching a graft out in the case of an anatomical reconstruction. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:2016–2024, 2016.
Articular cartilage calcification of the humeral head is highly prevalent and associated with osteoarthritis in the general population
Authors: Hawellek Thelonius , Hubert Jan , Hischke Sandra , Vettorazzi Eik , Wegscheider Karl , Bertrand Jessica , Pap Thomas , Krause Matthias , Püschel Klaus , Rüther Wolfgang , Niemeier Andreas 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTArticular cartilage calcification is considered a pathological albeit incompletely understood process which is known to be associated with osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of articular cartilage calcification of the shoulder as a non‐weight‐bearing joint and to analyze the interrelationship of calcification with age and histological severity of shoulder osteoarthritis in the general population. In a cross‐sectional study of 180 humeral heads from 90 donors (n = 49 male, n = 41 female; mean age 62.7 years [20–93]), cartilage calcification of the humeral head was quantified by digital contact radiography (DCR). Histological OA grade (OARSI) was determined and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the interrelationship of cartilage calcification, OARSI and age. The prevalence of articular cartilage calcification was 98.9% (95%CI: [93.96%, 99.97%]) and was independent of gender (p = 0.55). Cartilage calcification of one shoulder correlated significantly with that of the contralateral side (r = 0.61, 95%CI: [0.46, 0.73], p < 0.001). SEM demonstrated significant associations between histological OA grade and cartilage calcification (r = 0.55, p = 0.039), between histological OA grade and age (β = 0.59, p < 0.001) but not between age and cartilage calcification (β = 0.24, p = 0.116). In conclusion, the prevalence of shoulder cartilage calcification in the general population is higher than anticipated. The high prevalence, its concomitant bilateral manifestation and the association between the amount of cartilage calcification and OA severity, but not age, suggest that cartilage calcification is a systemically driven process with early onset in life and may be a causative factor in the pathogenesis of OA. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1984–1990, 2016.
rAAV‐mediated combined gene transfer and overexpression of TGF‐β and SOX9 remodels human osteoarthritic articular cartilage
Authors: Tao Ke , Rey‐Rico Ana , Frisch Janina , Venkatesan Jagadeesh K. , Schmitt Gertrud , Madry Henning , Lin Jianhao , Cucchiarini Magali 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTDirect administration of therapeutic candidate gene sequences using the safe and effective recombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) vectors is a promising strategy to stimulate the biologic activities of articular chondrocytes as an adapted tool to treat human osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage. In the present study, we developed a combined gene transfer approach based on the co‐delivery of the pleiotropic transformation growth factor beta (TGF‐β) with the specific transcription factor SOX9 via rAAV to human normal and OA chondrocytes in vitro and cartilage explants in situ in light of the mitogenic and pro‐anabolic properties of these factors. Effective, durable co‐overexpression of TGF‐β and SOX9 significantly enhanced the levels of cell proliferation both in human normal and OA chondrocytes and cartilage explants over an extended period of time (21 days), while stimulating the biosynthesis of key matrix components (proteoglycans, type‐II collagen) compared with control conditions (reporter lacZ gene transfer, absence of vector treatment). Of further note, expression of hypertrophic type‐X collagen significantly decreased following co‐treatment by the candidate vectors. The present findings show the value of combining the transfer and expression of potent candidate factors in human OA cartilage as a means to re‐establish essential features of normal cartilage and counteract the pathological shift of homeostasis. These observations support the concept of developing dual therapeutic rAAV gene transfer strategies as future, adapted tools for the direct treatment of human OA. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:2181–2190, 2016.
Phosphorus forms in forest soil colloids as revealed by liquid‐state 31P‐NMR
Authors: Missong Anna , Bol Roland , Willbold Sabine , Siemens Jan , Klumpp Erwin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNanoparticles and colloids affect the storage and hence the availability of P in forest ecosystems. We investigated the fine colloids present in forest soils and their association with inorganic and organic P. To differentiate between the different P forms, we performed liquid‐state 31P‐nucelar magnetic resonance (31P‐NMR) measurements on forest bulk soil extracts, on colloid extracts and on the electrolyte phase of their soil suspensions. The 31P‐NMR spectra indicated that soil nanoparticles and colloids were more enriched with organic than with inorganic P forms compared to the electrolyte phase. The P concentration was enriched in the colloidal fraction in comparison to the bulk soil and the phosphate diesters were more dominant in the colloidal fraction when compared to the bulk soil. The colloidal P‐diester to P‐monoester ratios were 2 to 3 times higher in the colloidal fraction than in the bulk soil. In contrast, relatively large percentages of inorganic P were found in the electrolyte phase. Supplementary (not shown) Data are available at the JuSER Server (juser.fz‐juelich.de, reference number: FZJ‐2016‐01739) https://juser.fz‐juelich.de/record/283057.
The effect of supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts on the colour, phenolic compounds, polysaccharides and astringency of a model wine solution and red wine
Authors: González‐Royo Elena , Esteruelas Mireia , Kontoudakis Nikolaos , Fort Francesca , Canals Joan Miquel , Zamora Fernando 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDNowadays supplementing red wines with commercial inactive dry yeasts is a widespread practice in winemaking because it leads to better balanced wines through increased mouthfeel and smooth astringency. The aim of this article is to study, in a red wine and in a model wine solution, how supplementation with three commercial inactive dry yeasts affects chemical composition and astringency. This will give us a better understanding of the action mechanism involved.RESULTSThe results suggest that this action mechanism is related to two different phenomena. The first is that inactive yeasts release polysaccharides and oligosaccharides which can increase mouthfeel and inhibit interactions between salivary protein and tannins. The second is that they have a direct effect on the precipitation or absorption of proanthocyanidins, especially the larger polymers, which have been described as the most astringent.CONCLUSIONIt can be concluded that supplementation with inactive yeasts is indeed a useful tool for smoothing the astringency of red wines. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry