bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classification of cervical vertebral maturation stages with machine learning models: leveraging datasets with high inter- and intra-observer agreement
Authors: Kanchanapiboon Potjanee , Tunksook Pitipat , Tunksook Prinya , Ritthipravat Panrasee , Boonpratham Supatchai , Satravaha Yodhathai , Chaweewannakorn Chaiyapol , Peanchitlertkajorn Supakit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to assess the accuracy of machine learning (ML) models with feature selection technique in classifying cervical vertebral maturation stages (CVMS). Consensus-based datasets were used for models training and evaluation for their model generalization capabilities on unseen datasets.

Methods
Three clinicians independently rated CVMS on 1380 lateral cephalograms, resulting in the creation of five datasets: two consensus-based datasets (Complete Agreement and Majority Voting), and three datasets based on a single rater’s evaluations. Additionally, landmarks annotation of the second to fourth cervical vertebrae and patients’ information underwent a feature selection process. These datasets were used to train various ML models and identify the top-performing model for each dataset. These models were subsequently tested on their generalization capabilities.

Results
Features that considered significant in the consensus-based datasets were consistent with a CVMS guideline. The Support Vector Machine model on the Complete Agreement dataset achieved the highest accuracy (77.4%), followed by the Multi-Layer Perceptron model on the Majority Voting dataset (69.6%). Models from individual ratings showed lower accuracies (60.4–67.9%). The consensus-based training models also exhibited lower coefficient of variation (CV), indicating superior generalization capability compared to models from single raters.

Conclusion
ML models trained on consensus-based datasets for CVMS classification exhibited the highest accuracy, with significant features consistent with the original CVMS guidelines. These models also showed robust generalization capabilities, underscoring the importance of dataset quality.
Cardiac ultrasomics for acute myocardial infarction risk stratification and prediction of all-cause mortality: a feasibility study
Authors: Hathaway Quincy A. , Jamthikar Ankush D. , Rajiv Nivedita , Chaitman Bernard R. , Carson Jeffrey L. , Yanamala Naveena , Sengupta Partho P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Current risk stratification tools for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have limitations, particularly in predicting mortality. This study utilizes cardiac ultrasound radiomics (i.e., ultrasomics) to risk stratify AMI patients when predicting all-cause mortality.

Results
The study included 197 patients: (a) retrospective internal cohort (n = 155) of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (n = 63) and ST-elevation myocardial infarction (n = 92) patients, and (b) external cohort from the multicenter Door-To-Unload in ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction [DTU-STEMI] Pilot Trial (n = 42). Echocardiography images of apical 2, 3, and 4-chamber were processed through an automated deep-learning pipeline to extract ultrasomic features. Unsupervised machine learning (topological data analysis) generated AMI clusters followed by a supervised classifier to generate individual predicted probabilities. Validation included assessing the incremental value of predicted probabilities over the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score 2.0 to predict 1-year all-cause mortality in the internal cohort and infarct size in the external cohort. Three phenogroups were identified: Cluster A (high-risk), Cluster B (intermediate-risk), and Cluster C (low-risk). Cluster A patients had decreased LV ejection fraction (P < 0.01) and global longitudinal strain (P = 0.03) and increased mortality at 1-year (log rank P = 0.05). Ultrasomics features alone (C-Index: 0.74 vs. 0.70, P = 0.04) and combined with global longitudinal strain (C-Index: 0.81 vs. 0.70, P < 0.01) increased prediction of mortality beyond the GRACE 2.0 score. In the DTU-STEMI clinical trial, Cluster A was associated with larger infarct size (> 10% LV mass, P < 0.01), compared to remaining clusters.

Conclusions
Ultrasomics-based phenogroup clustering, augmented by TDA and supervised machine learning, provides a novel approach for AMI risk stratification.
Serum Phosphate in the General Population: A Need for Sex-Specific Reference Intervals
Authors: Bosman Ariadne , Campos-Obando Natalia , Ramakers Christian , Zillikens M Carola 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
Phosphate is important for several metabolic functions and essential for bone mineralization. Sex differences exist in the relation between serum phosphate and certain diseases. The reference interval for phosphate is age-adjusted in infants, but most institutions use the same intervals for adult men and women despite increasing evidence for age and sex differences.

Objective
We aimed to study these differences in 2 large population-based cohorts to evaluate whether current reference intervals are adequate.

Methods
A total of 8837 participants from 3 cohorts of the Rotterdam Study (RS) and 422 443 participants from the UK Biobank (UKBB), aged 40 and older and without chronic kidney disease, were analyzed for sex differences in serum phosphate using standard reference values (0.8-1.45 mmol or 2.5-4.5 mg/dL). Analyses were further stratified in women by menopausal status.

Results
Women had higher serum phosphate concentrations and a higher population range compared to men in all cohorts. Hypophosphatemia was more prevalent in men and hyperphosphatemia was more prevalent in women. Sex differences were present in all age categories. Perimenopausal women had higher serum phosphate concentrations than men of the same age, but lower than postmenopausal women of the same age.

Conclusion
This study in 2 population-based cohorts showed that women have higher serum phosphate concentrations than men and that women show a marked increase in serum phosphate during menopause. Moreover, the population range for serum phosphate was higher in women than in men. These findings indicate a need for sex-specific reference intervals for serum phosphate in adults older than 45 years.
Characterizing human KIF1Bβ motor activity by single-molecule motility assays and Caenorhabditis elegans genetics
Authors: Iguchi Rei , Kita Tomoki , Watanabe Taisei , Chiba Kyoko , Niwa Shinsuke 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The axonal transport of synaptic vesicle precursors relies on KIF1A and UNC-104 ortholog motors. In mammals, KIF1Bβ is also responsible for the axonal transport of synaptic vesicle precursors. Mutations in KIF1A and KIF1Bβ lead to a wide range of neuropathies. Although previous studies have revealed the biochemical, biophysical and cell biological properties of KIF1A, and its defects in neurological disorders, the fundamental properties of KIF1Bβ remain elusive. In this study, we determined the motile parameters of KIF1Bβ through single-molecule motility assays. We found that the C-terminal region of KIF1Bβ has an inhibitory role in motor activity. AlphaFold2 prediction suggests that the C-terminal region blocks the motor domain. Additionally, we established simple methods for testing the axonal transport activity of human KIF1Bβ using Caenorhabditis elegans genetics. Taking advantage of these methods, we demonstrated that these assays enable the detection of reduced KIF1Bβ activities, both in vitro and in vivo, caused by a Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease-associated Q98L mutation.
Cost Analysis of Pelvic Exenteration Surgery for Advanced Pelvic Malignancy
Authors: Risbey Charles W. G. , Brown Kilian G. M. , Solomon Michael , McBride Kate , Steffens Daniel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Pelvic exenteration (PE) is a radical procedure involving multi-visceral resection for locally advanced pelvic malignancies. Such radical surgery is associated with prolonged operating theater time and hospital stay, as well as a substantial risk of postoperative complications, and therefore significant financial cost. This study aimed to comprehensively detail the inpatient cost of PE at a specialist center in the Australian public sector.

Methods
A retrospective costing review of consecutive PE operations at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney between March 2014 and June 2022 was performed. Clinical data were extracted from a prospectively maintained database, and in-hospital costing data were provided by the hospital Performance Unit. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS.

Results
Pelvic exenteration was performed for 461 patients, of whom 283 (61 %) had primary or recurrent rectal cancer, 160 (35 %) had primary or recurrent non-rectal cancer, and 18 (4 %) had a benign indication. The median admission cost was $108,259.4 ($86,620.8–$144,429.3) (Australian dollars [AUD]), with the highest costs for staffing followed by the operating room. Overall, admission costs were higher for complete PE (p < 0.001), PE combined with cytoreductive surgery (CRS) (p < 0.001), and older patients (p = 0.006).

Discussion
The total admission cost for patients undergoing PE reflects the complexity of the procedure and the multidisciplinary requirement. Patients of advanced age undergoing complete PE and PE combined with CRS incurred greater costs, but the requirement of a sacrectomy, vertical rectus abdominal flap reconstruction, major nerve or vascular excision, or repair were not associated with higher overall cost in the multivariate analysis.
The Load–Velocity Slope Is an Indicator of the Active Drag in All Competitive Swimming Strokes
Authors: GONJO TOMOHIRO , VITAZKA MARIA , LJØDAL INGEBORG , OLSTAD BJØRN HARALD 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Active drag in swimming is a critical variable that affects swimmers' performance, as well as the physiological load, but it is challenging for practitioners to assess this variable. This study aimed to assess if the load–velocity profiling method can be used as an indicator of active drag.

Methods
A total of 419 swimmers performed three semitethered swimming trials in their speciality among the four competitive strokes with different external loads. Linear regression between external load and swimming velocity, as well as the external load relative to the body mass and swimming velocity, were established. The active drag and drag coefficient of each swimmer were calculated using a velocity perturbation method.

Results
There were significant correlations of the active drag with the absolute slope (correlation coefficient ≥ 0.696, P < 0.001) and relative slope (correlation coefficient ≥ 0.538, P < 0.001) in all four strokes and both sexes. A multiple regression analysis exhibited that the primary determinant of these relationships was the drag coefficient (semipartial correlation ≥0.422, P < 0.001). The effects of the height and body mass index (BMI) on the relationship between the drag and the absolute slope were small (0.195 ≤ semipartial correlation ≤0.249, P < 0.001), which became either nonsignificant (height: P ≥ 0.282) or trivial (BMI: −0.099 ≤ semipartial correlation ≤ −0.081, P ≤ 0.011) when focusing on the relative slope.

Conclusions
These results indicate that the absolute load–velocity slope is a strong indicator of the active drag, and the relative slope is useful when indirectly assessing the drag coefficient.
Το μοντέλο Ιδέες - Κόσμος - Τεκμήρια ως εργαλείο σχεδιασμού μιας Διδακτικής Μαθησιακής Ακολουθίας για την Οικολογία
Authors: Ντινολάζου Χριστίνα , Παπαδοπούλου Πηνελόπη 
Published: September 2024

Η παρούσα έρευνα στοχεύει να διερευνήσει αν το θεωρητικό πλαίσιο Ιδέες-Κόσμος-Τεκμήρια (IKT) είναι κατάλληλο ως εργαλείο σχεδιασμού αποτελεσματικών Διδακτικών Μαθησιακών Ακολουθιών (ΔΜΑ) για βασικές έννοιες της Οικολογίας. Για το σκοπό αυτό, δυο διαφορετικές εκδοχές μιας ΔΜΑ, που διέφεραν ως προς το αν χρησιμοποιήθηκε ή όχι το μοντέλο για το σχεδιασμό τους, σχεδιάστηκαν, εφαρμόστηκαν σε δυο διαφορετικά τμήματα και αξιολογήθηκαν. Τα αποτελέσματα τους συγκρίθηκαν, με κύριο εργαλείο ένα ερωτηματολόγιο ανίχνευσης εναλλακτικών ιδεών. Η περιγραφική ανάλυση των αποτελεσμάτων έδειξε ότι ενισχύθηκε περισσότερο η γνωστική εξέλιξη της ομάδας των μαθητών που συμμετείχαν στη ΔΜΑ της οποίας ο σχεδιασμός στηρίχθηκε στο μοντέλο ΙΚΤ.
Infrared/radar stealthy metasurface design method based on the equivalent circuit model
Authors: Li Hao , Xu Weidong , Xiao Feifei , Yu Zhou , Hao Bentian , Huang Wei , Yu Haibao 
Published: September 2024

In this paper, the mapping relationship between circuit components and metal patches on metasurfaces is investigated from the equivalent circuit model, and a method for designing metasurfaces based on equivalent circuits is proposed. Metasurfaces have a wide range of applications in electromagnetic absorption and polarization conversion, etc. However, the development progress of metasurfaces has lagged behind because of the inefficiency of full-wave simulation and unclear mechanism. Circuit simulation, thanks to the integration of momentum functions, has a great advantage over full-wave simulation in terms of time and efficiency; at the same time, it is easy to adjust the direction of improvement due to its clear mechanism. Experiments have proved that the method of metasurface design based on equivalent circuit is accurate, fast, and effective. Based on this method, a double-layer metasurface with infrared/radar stealth performance is designed using indium tin oxide/polyethylene terephthalate conductive film as the impedance-matching layer material and polyvinyl chloride as the dielectric layer material. The metasurface is characterized by transparency and flexibility and is experimentally proved to have an absorption bandwidth of 7.7–18 GHz and a relative bandwidth of 80.16%. The double-layer metasurface can isolate electromagnetic waves in the infrared band through infrared thermography test, realizing the radar wave-absorbing function with infrared stealth effect at the same time.
Cavity-enhanced dual-comb spectroscopy in the molecular fingerprint region using free-running quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Markus Charles R. , Hayden Jakob , Herman Daniel I. , Kocheril Philip A. , Ober Douglas C. , Bashiri Termeh , Mangold Markus , Okumura Mitchio 
Published: September 2024

Cavity-enhanced dual-comb spectroscopy promises broadband,
high-resolution, and highly sensitive spectroscopic measurements on
sub-millisecond time scales, making it highly attractive for trace gas
monitoring. In this work, we demonstrate cavity-enhanced dual-comb
spectroscopy in the molecular fingerprint region using two quantum
cascade lasers (QCLs) operating as optical frequency combs centered at 1063cm−1 spanning 56cm−1. The high-finesse bow-tie cavity
provided a 285 m effective path length, and the high
power-per-mode of the QCL combs granted a strong multi-heterodyne
signal of the swept-cavity transmission. This ultimately resulted in a
noise equivalent absorption per spectral element of 1.8×10−9cm−1Hz−1/2, when considering the active
measurement time. Measurements of the ν8 fundamental band of methanol
determined concentrations as low as 1.3 ppm in a single shot,
which were captured in a 15 ms sweep of the cavity PZT. The
detection limit after averaging 30 measurements was 20 ppb,
which took 450 ms in measurement time and 70 s in wall
time. This demonstrates the potential of cavity-enhanced dual-comb
spectroscopy in challenging applications such as free radical kinetics
and environmental monitoring.
HIV, malnutrition, and noncommunicable disease epidemics among tuberculosis-affected households in east and southern Africa: A cross-sectional analysis of the ERASE-TB cohort
Authors: Calderwood Claire Jacqueline , Marambire Edson Tawanda , Larsson Leyla , Banze Denise , Mfinanga Alfred , Nhamuave Celina , Appalarowthu Tejawsi , Mugava Mishelle , Ribeiro Jorge , Towo Peter Edwin , Madziva Karlos , Dixon Justin , Held Kathrin , Minja Lilian Tina , Mutsvangwa Junior , Khosa Celso , Heinrich Norbert , Fielding Katherine , Kranzer Katharina ,   ERASE-TB consortium
Published: September 2024

Background
As a result of shared social and structural risk factors, people in households affected by tuberculosis may have an increased risk of chronic conditions; at the same time, tuberculosis screening may be an opportunity for interventions. We sought to describe the prevalence of HIV, nutritional disorders, and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) among members of tuberculosis-affected households in 3 African countries.

Methods and findings
A part of a multicountry cohort study, we screened for tuberculosis, HIV, nutritional disorders (underweight, anaemia, overweight/obesity), and NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, and chronic lung disease) among members of tuberculosis-affected households aged ≥10 years in Mozambique, Tanzania, and Zimbabwe. We describe the prevalence of these conditions, their co-occurence within individuals (multimorbidity) and household-level clustering. Of 2,109 household contacts recruited, 93% (n = 1,958, from 786 households) had complete data and were included in the analysis. Sixty-two percent were female, median age was 27 years, and 0.7% (n = 14) were diagnosed with co-prevalent tuberculosis. Six percent of household members (n = 120) had previous tuberculosis, 15% (n = 294) were living with HIV, 10% (n = 194) had chronic lung disease, and 18% (n = 347) were anaemic. Nine percent of adults (n = 127) had diabetes by HbA1c criteria, 32% (n = 439) had hypertension. By body mass index criteria, 18% household members (n = 341) were underweight while 29% (n = 549) were overweight or obese. Almost half the household members (n = 658) had at least 1 modifiable tuberculosis risk factor. Sixty-one percent of adults (n = 822) had at least 1 chronic condition, 1 in 4 had multimorbidity. While most people with HIV knew their status and were on treatment, people with NCDs were usually undiagnosed and untreated. Limitations of this study include use of point-of-care HbA1c for definition of diabetes and definition of hypertension based on single-day measurements.

Conclusions
Households affected by tuberculosis also face multiple other health challenges. Integrated approaches to tuberculosis screening may represent an opportunity for identification and treatment, including prioritisation of individuals at highest risk for tuberculosis to receive preventive therapy.
Improving health behaviours and attitudes around podoconiosis in Northern Western Ethiopia: Implementation and intervention effectiveness
Authors: Engdawork Kibur , Tadele Getnet , Anagnostopoulou Vasso , Nahar Papreen , Davey Gail , Zaman Shahaduz 
Published: September 2024

Background
Assessing how interventions are implemented is essential to understanding why interventions may or may not achieve their intended outcomes. There is little evidence about how interventions against Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are being implemented. Guided by the Context and Implementation of Complex Intervention (CICI) framework, we evaluated an ongoing intervention against the NTD podoconiosis to examine the implementation process and its effectiveness in terms of improving shoe wearing practices, increasing knowledge and reducing stigmatizing attitudes towards podoconiosis in rural Ethiopia.

Methods
We employed an exploratory mixed methods approach, qualitative followed by quantitative, between April and July 2022 to assess implementation agents, theory, strategy, process and outcomes of the intervention. We conducted document analysis, observations, focus group discussions, in-depth interviews and key informant interviews for the qualitative phase. We administered a survey to 369 rural residents, of whom 42 were affected by podoconiosis.

Results
The implementers utilized government healthcare centers in a bid to mainstream podoconiosis services within local healthcare structures. The implementers provided training for health professionals and the public and distributed supplies to patients over a three-month period. The intervention reached 62% of patients, but female patients were less likely to participate than male patients. Only 18% of community members had participated in health education campaigns linked to the intervention. Involvement in the intervention resulted in improved shoe wearing practice and holding fewer stigmatizing attitudes. However, internalized stigma among patients was still rife; and the plan to utilize community assets to extend the intervention activities was not effective.

Conclusions
Implementers must monitor the fidelity and progression of programs on a constant basis to make corrections. They also need to expand health education, provide psychosocial support and design economic empowerment programs for patients to reduce stigma. They must also collaborate with policy makers and international partners to sustain program activities at intervention delivery points.
An inverse relationship between dental fluorosis and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization in Mexican schoolchildren in an area with a high concentration of fluoride in drinking water: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Medina Varela Andrea Fernanda , García Pérez Alvaro , Villanueva Gutiérrez Teresa , Mora Navarrete Karen Angelina , Nieto Sánchez Martha Patricia 
Published: September 2024

Aim
To evaluate the association between the frequency and severity of dental fluorosis and Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in 8-12-year-old schoolchildren living in an area with a high concentration of fluoride in the drinking water.

Methods
The present cross‑sectional study was conducted on Mexican children (n = 573) selected from one community presenting a drinking water fluoride concentration of 1.39 ppm/F. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was ascertained using the Thylstrup and Fejerskov Index (TFI). The presence and severity of MIH was evaluated using the European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. A multinomial regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence intervals (CI), using the severity of MIH as the result.

Results
The prevalence of MIH was 37.7% and, by severity, was 16.1% mild, 14.3% moderate, and 7.3% severe. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in permanent dentition was 70.9% (TFI ≥1) and, by severity, was 29.2% (TFI = 0), 45.6% (TFI 1–3) and 25.3% (TFI ≥4), while 54.5% of subjects were found to have poor oral hygiene. Schoolchildren with fluorosis (TFI ≥4) were 49% less likely [OR = 0.51; p = 0.025] to present mild MIH than children with fluorosis (TFI <4). Similarly, children with fluorosis (TFI ≥4) were 53% [OR = 0.47; p = 0.019] and 62% [OR = 0.38; p = 0.036] less likely to present moderate and severe MIH than children with fluorosis (TFI <4).

Conclusion
An inverse relationship between the presence of fluorosis and MIH was found. The results obtained by the present study may contribute to both the early identification of disorders affecting the enamel and the creation and implementation of long-term oral health prevention, promotion, and intervention programs in the affected population.
Experimental investigation of an entropy production in a linear blade cascade
Authors: Flídr Erik 
Published: September 2024

The vortical structures in turbomachinery are crucial phenomena that significantly impact the machine’s efficiency. Therefore, investigating them is essential for a better understanding of the machine’s operation.The presented paper focuses on an experimental investigation of entropy production in a linear blade cascade composed of prismatic blades for two pitch-to-chord ratios, t/c = 0.6, and 0.9. The effects of the inlet flow angle, α1 = −20°, 5°, 30°, and outlet isentropic Reynolds number, Re2,is = (0.8, 1.2, 2.5, and 4.5) × 105, are examined based on pressure measurements.Entropy production is evaluated as a balance of fluxes through the inlet and outlet boundaries of the control volume. The paper provides a detailed discussion of the local distribution of entropy production and vorticity in the flow field, as well as their evolution with the tested parameters. The correlations between the integral values of entropy production and the tested parameters are also given.