bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long Term Clinical and Visual Outcomes of Retrofixated Iris Claw Lenses Implantation in Complicated Cases
Authors: Ganesh Sri , Brar Sheetal , Relekar Kirti 
Published: May 2016

Aims:To evaluate the visual outcomes and complications after implantation of retrofixated iris claw (RFIC) lens in various challenging situations.Settings and Design:Retrospective, single centre, 8 year clinical audit.Materials and Methods:A retrospective analysis of cases who underwent RFIC lens implantation alone (group 1) or in combination with vitreoretinal (VR), corneal or glaucoma procedures (group 2) was performed. The main outcomes evaluated were corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA) and postoperative complications. The mean follow up was 13.09±6.8 (range 6-24) months.Results:The study involved 100 eyes of 83 patients with mean age of 51.1±25.4 years. Group 1 included 59 eyes and group 2 had 41 eyes. In group 1, the mean CDVA improved from 0.86±0.81 to 0.38±0.51 LogMAR (p<0.001) with 72.8% eyes having gain in lines (≥ 2 lines) of CDVA with safety index of 1.73. The mean CDVA in group 2 improved from 0.71±0.65 to 0.38±0.34 LogMAR (p=0.003) with 65.8% eyes having gain in lines (≥ 2 lines) of CDVA with a safety index of 1.54. Group 2 showed a higher complication rate of 36.59% compared to group 1 (20.34%). Significant complications noted were secondary glaucoma (8%), disenclavation of haptic (4%), subluxation of RFIC lens (1%).Conclusion:The visual outcome with RFIC lenses when combined with other intraocular procedures is mainly affected by the complexity of co-existing pathologies .The complications are more related to the combined procedures performed rather than RFIC lens implantation alone. This may still be acceptable when complication profile of other intraocular lenses is evaluated in similar challenging situations.
Evaluation of a Public Child Eye Health Tertiary Facility for Pediatric Cataract in Southern Nigeria I: Visual Acuity Outcome
Authors: Duke Roseline E. , Adio Adedayo , Oparah Sidney K. , Odey Friday , Eyo Okon A. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:
A retrospective study of the outcome of congenital and developmental cataract surgery was conducted in a public child eye health tertiary facility in children <16 years of age in Southern Nigeria, as part of an evaluation.

Materials and Method:
Manual Small Incision Cataract Surgery with or without anterior vitrectomy was performed. The outcome measures were visual acuity (VA) and change (gain) in visual acuity. The age of the child at onset, duration of delay in presentation, ocular co-morbidity, non ocular co-morbidity, gender, and pre operative visual acuity were matched with postoperative visual acuity. A total of 66 children were studied for a period of six weeks following surgery.

Results:
Forty eight (72.7%) children had bilateral congenital cataracts and 18 (27.3%) children had bilateral developmental cataracts. There were 38(57.6%) males and 28 (42.4%) females in the study. Thirty Five (53%) children had good visual outcome (normal vision range 6/6/ -6/18) post-operatively. The number of children with blindness (vision <3/60) decreased from 61 (92.4%) pre-operatively to 4 (6.1%) post-operatively. Post operative complication occurred in 6.8% of cases six week after surgery. Delayed presentation had an inverse relationship with change (gain) in visual acuity (r = - 0.342; p-value = 0.005). Pre-operative visual acuity had a positive relationship with post operative change (gain) in visual acuity (r = 0.618; p-value = 0.000).

Conclusion:
Predictors of change in visual acuity in our study were; delayed presentation and pre-operative VA. Cataract surgery in children showed clinical benefit.
Comparison of conventional magnetic resonance imaging and nonenhanced three dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography findings between dogs with meningioma and dogs with intracranial histiocytic sarcoma: 19 cases (2010–2014)
Authors: Ishikawa Chieko , Ito Daisuke , Kitagawa Masato , Watari Toshihiro 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare conventional MRI and nonenhanced 3-D time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) findings between dogs with meningioma and dogs with intracranial histiocytic sarcoma (IHS).
DESIGN Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS 14 dogs with meningioma and 5 dogs with IHS.
PROCEDURES Medical records of dogs with meningioma or IHS that were examined at a tertiary veterinary hospital from 2010 through 2014 and underwent 3-D TOF MRA in conjunction with conventional MRI were reviewed. Findings for conventional MRI and 3-D TOF MRA were compared between the 2 groups of dogs to evaluate whether there were any characteristics that could be used to differentiate meningioma from IHS.
RESULTS Tumor type was significantly associated with signal intensity on conventional T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI images; most meningiomas were hyperintense, and most IHSs were isointense or hypointense on those images. Tumor type was not associated with signal uniformity, tumor location, tumor origin, or the presence of edema, midline shift, or brain herniation. On MRA, blood vessels adjacent to the tumor were identified and characterized for 9 of 14 dogs with meningioma and all 5 dogs with IHS. Vessels adjacent to meningiomas were displaced in 8 of 9 dogs, whereas vessels adjacent to IHSs were not displaced.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated nonenhanced 3-D TOF MRA findings provided additional information that can be assessed in conjunction with conventional MRI findings to help differentiate meningiomas from IHSs in dogs.
The association between calfhood bovine respiratory disease complex and subsequent departure from the herd, milk production, and reproduction in dairy cattle
Authors: Schaffer Aaron P. , Larson Robert L. , Cernicchiaro Natalia , Hanzlicek Gregg A. , Bartle Steven J. , Thomson Daniel U. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the frequency of calfhood producer-identified bovine respiratory disease complex (BRDC) in Holstein replacement heifers on 1 large farm and determine associations between development of BRDC at ≤ 120 days of age (BRDC120) with milk production estimate, calving interval, and risk of departure from the herd (DFH).
DESIGN Retrospective, observational study.
ANIMALS 14,024 Holstein heifer calves born on 1 farm.
PROCEDURES Data were obtained from herd management records. Cox proportional hazard and generalized linear mixed-effects models were used to assess associations for variables of interest (BRDC120 status, demographic data, and management factors) with DFH, milk production estimate, and calving interval.
RESULTS Except for the year 2007, animals identified as having BRDC120 were 1.62 to 4.98 times as likely to leave the herd before first calving, compared with those that did not have this designation. Calves identified as having BRDC prior to weaning were 2.62 times as likely to have DFH before first calving as those classified as developing BRDC after weaning. Cows identified as having BRDC120 were 1.28 times as likely to have DFH between the first and second calving as were other cows. The BRDC120 designation was associated with a 233-kg (513-lb) lower 305-day mature equivalent value for first lactation milk production, but was not associated with longer or shorter calving intervals at maturity.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Dairy cattle identified as having BRDC120 had increased risk of DFH before the first or second calving and lower first-lactation milk production estimates, compared with results for cattle without this finding. Further investigation of these associations is warranted.
THE WIND OF ROTATING B SUPERGIANTS. I. DOMAINS OF SLOW AND FAST SOLUTION REGIMES
Authors: Venero R. O. J. , Curé M. , Cidale L. S. , Araya I. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
In the scenario of rotating radiation-driven wind theory for massive stars, three types of stationary hydrodynamic solutions are currently known: the classical (fast) m-CAK solution, the Ω-slow solution that arises for fast rotators, and the so-called δ-slow solution if high values of the δ line-force parameter are allowed independently of the rotation speed. Compared to the fast solution, both “slow solutions” have lower terminal velocities. As the study of the parameter domain for the slow solution is still incomplete, we perform a comprehensive analysis of the distinctive flow regimes for B supergiants that emerge from a fine grid of rotation values, Ω, and various ionization conditions in the wind (δ) parameter. The wind ionization defines two domains: one for fast outflowing winds and the other for slow expanding flows. Both domains are clear-cut by a gap, where a kink/plateau structure of the velocity law could exist for a finite interval of δ. The location and width of the gap depend on T
eff and Ω. There is a smooth and continuous transition between the Ω-slow and δ-slow regimes, a single Ω δ-slow regime. We discuss different situations where the slow solutions can be found and the possibility of a switch between fast and slow solutions in B supergiant winds. We compare the theoretical terminal velocity with observations of B and A supergiants and find that the fast regime prevails mostly for early B supergiants while the slow wind regime matches better for A and B mid- and late-type supergiants.
TORQUE ENHANCEMENT, SPIN EQUILIBRIUM, AND JET POWER FROM DISK-INDUCED OPENING OF PULSAR MAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: Parfrey Kyle , Spitkovsky Anatoly , Beloborodov Andrei M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The interaction of a rotating star’s magnetic field with a surrounding plasma disk lies at the heart of many questions posed by neutron stars in X-ray binaries. We consider the opening of stellar magnetic flux due to differential rotation along field lines coupling the star and disk, using a simple model for the disk-opened flux, the torques exerted on the star by the magnetosphere, and the power extracted by the electromagnetic wind. We examine the conditions under which the system enters an equilibrium spin state, in which the accretion torque is instantaneously balanced by the pulsar wind torque alone. For magnetic moments, spin frequencies, and accretion rates relevant to accreting millisecond pulsars, the spin-down torque from this enhanced pulsar wind can be substantially larger than that predicted by existing models of the disk–magnetosphere interaction, and is in principle capable of maintaining spin equilibrium at frequencies less than 1 kHz. We speculate that this mechanism may account for the non-detection of frequency increases during outbursts of SAX J1808.4-3658 and XTE J1814-338, and may be generally responsible for preventing spin-up to sub-millisecond periods. If the pulsar wind is collimated by the surrounding environment, the resulting jet can satisfy the power requirements of the highly relativistic outflows from Cir X-1 and Sco X-1. In this framework, the jet power scales relatively weakly with accretion rate,

, and would be suppressed at high accretion rates only if the stellar magnetic moment is sufficiently low.
ALMACAL I: FIRST DUAL-BAND NUMBER COUNTS FROM A DEEP AND WIDE ALMA SUBMILLIMETER SURVEY, FREE FROM COSMIC VARIANCE
Authors: Oteo I. , Zwaan M. A. , Ivison R. J. , Smail I. , Biggs A. D. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We have exploited ALMA calibration observations to carry out a novel, wide, and deep submillimeter (submm) survey, almacal. These calibration data comprise a large number of observations of calibrator fields in a variety of frequency bands and array configurations. By gathering together data acquired during multiple visits to many ALMA calibrators, it is possible to reach noise levels which allow the detection of faint, dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) over a significant area. In this paper, we outline our survey strategy and report the first results. We have analyzed data for 69 calibrators, reaching depths of ∼25 μJy beam−1 at sub-arcsec resolution. Adopting a conservative approach based on ≥5σ detections, we have found 8 and 11 DSFGs in ALMA bands 6 and 7, respectively, with flux densities S
1.2 mm ≥ 0.2 mJy. The faintest galaxies would have been missed by even the deepest Herschel surveys. Our cumulative number counts have been determined independently at 870 μm and 1.2 mm from a sparse sampling of the astronomical sky, and are thus relatively free of cosmic variance. The counts are lower than reported previously by a factor of at least 2×. Future analyses will yield large, secure samples of DSFGs with redshifts determined via the detection of submm spectral lines. Uniquely, our strategy then allows for morphological studies of very faint DSFGs—representative of more normal star-forming galaxies than conventional submm galaxies—in fields where self-calibration is feasible, yielding milliarcsecond spatial resolution.
THE REDMAPPER GALAXY CLUSTER CATALOG FROM DES SCIENCE VERIFICATION DATA
Authors: Rykoff E. S. , Rozo E. , Hollowood D. , Bermeo-Hernandez A. , Jeltema T. , Mayers J. , Romer A. K. , Rooney P. , Saro A. , Cervantes C. Vergara , Wechsler R. H. , Wilcox H. , Abbott T. M. C. , Abdalla F. B. , Allam S. , Annis J. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Bernstein G. M. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Capozzi D. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Castander F. J. , Childress M. , Collins C. A. , Cunha C. E. , D’Andrea C. B. , Costa L. N. da , Davis T. M. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Dietrich J. P. , Doel P. , Evrard A. E. , Finley D. A. , Flaugher B. , Fosalba P. , Frieman J. , Glazebrook K. , Goldstein D. A. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gutierrez G. , Hilton M. , Honscheid K. , Hoyle B. , James D. J. , Kay S. T. , Kuehn K. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Lewis G. F. , Lidman C. , Lima M. , Maia M. A. G. , Mann R. G. , Marshall J. L. , Martini P. , Melchior P. , Miller C. J. , Miquel R. , Mohr J. J. , Nichol R. C. , Nord B. , Ogando R. , Plazas A. A. , Reil K. , Sahlén M. , Sanchez E. , Santiago B. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith R. C. , Soares-Santos M. , Sobreira F. , Stott J. P. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Thomas D. , Tucker D. , Uddin S. , Viana P. T. P. , Vikram V. , Walker A. R. , Zhang Y. ,   (The DES Collaboration)
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We describe updates to the redMaPPer algorithm, a photometric red-sequence cluster finder specifically designed for large photometric surveys. The updated algorithm is applied to

of Science Verification (SV) data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES), and to the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR8 photometric data set. The DES SV catalog is locally volume limited and contains 786 clusters with richness

(roughly equivalent to

) and

. The DR8 catalog consists of 26,311 clusters with

, with a sharply increasing richness threshold as a function of redshift for

. The photometric redshift performance of both catalogs is shown to be excellent, with photometric redshift uncertainties controlled at the

level for

, rising to ∼0.02 at

in DES SV. We make use of Chandra and XMM X-ray and South Pole Telescope Sunyaev–Zeldovich data to show that the centering performance and mass–richness scatter are consistent with expectations based on prior runs of redMaPPer on SDSS data. We also show how the redMaPPer photo-z and richness estimates are relatively insensitive to imperfect star/galaxy separation and small-scale star masks.
Risk Factors for Permanent Visual Loss in Biopsy-proven Giant Cell Arteritis: A Study of 339 Patients
Authors: Liozon Eric , Dalmay François , Lalloue Fabrice , Gondran Guillaume , Bezanahary Holy , Fauchais Anne-Laure , Ly Kim-Heang 
Published: May 2016

Objective.To determine the risk factors for permanent visual loss (PVL) in patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA) and the usefulness of the factors in clinical practice.Methods.From 1976 through 2015, the clinical charts and laboratory results of 339 patients with biopsy-proven GCA were recorded prospectively at the time of diagnosis. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine which of 24 pretreatment characteristics were associated with PVL.Results.Visual ischemic manifestations occurred in 108 patients, including PVL in 53 (16%), bilaterally in 15 patients (28%). The independent predictors associated with an increased risk of PVL were age (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.01–1.12, p = 0.01), a history of transient visual ischemic symptoms (OR 2.62, 95% CI 1.29–5.29, p < 0.01), and jaw claudication (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.09–4.10, p = 0.03). The presence of fever (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.14–0.64, p < 0.01) and rheumatic symptoms (OR 0.23, 95% CI 0.10–0.57, p = 0.001) were associated with a markedly reduced risk of developing visual loss (3.7% if features were both present). No laboratory variables were independently associated with PVL.Conclusion.The visual ischemic risk of untreated GCA can be readily estimated upon simple clinical findings, but not laboratory variables. However, we did not identify a subgroup of patients carrying no risk of developing visual loss. Glucocorticoid treatment remains, therefore, urgent for any patient with a high clinical suspicion index.
Comparison of Etanercept Monotherapy and Combination Therapy with Methotrexate in Psoriatic Arthritis: Results from 2 Clinical Trials
Authors: Combe Bernard , Behrens Frank , McHugh Neil , Brock Fiona , Kerkmann Urs , Kola Blerina , Gallo Gaia 
Published: May 2016

Objective.To evaluate the clinical/functional outcomes associated with etanercept (ETN) monotherapy versus combination therapy in psoriatic arthritis (PsA).Methods.Data from patients with PsA who received ETN alone (n = 322) or combined with methotrexate (MTX; n = 152) for 24 weeks in 2 placebo-controlled clinical trials were summarized across studies.Results.Similar proportions of patients in the monotherapy and combination therapy groups achieved the PsA Response Criteria (80% and 83%) and the American College of Rheumatology improvements of 20% (ACR20; both 70%); numerically higher proportions receiving monotherapy achieved ACR50 (55% vs 48%) and ACR70 (35% vs 27%). Little between-group difference was observed in the 28-joint Disease Activity Score with C-reactive protein, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, and the Health Assessment Questionnaire–Disability Index improvement.Conclusion.ETN with and without MTX provided similar benefits in active PsA.
Patients’ Perspectives and Experiences Living with Systemic Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Qualitative Studies
Authors: Nakayama Ayano , Tunnicliffe David J. , Thakkar Vivek , Singh-Grewal Davinder , O’Neill Sean , Craig Jonathan C. , Tong Allison 
Published: May 2016

Objective.Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune disease with major end-organ involvement. Much attention has been focused on the management of physical and clinical manifestations; however, the effect of the disease and treatment on the patient’s identity, relationships, functioning, and mental well-being are less known. We aimed to describe the patients’ perspectives and experiences of living with SSc.Methods.Electronic databases were searched to October 2014. Thematic synthesis was used to analyze the findings.Results.We included 26 studies involving 463 patients. Six key themes were identified: distressing appearance transformation (disturbing facial changes, stigmatizing sickness, unrecognizable self), palpable physical limitations (bodily restrictions, frustrating mind-body disconnect, pervasive fatigue, disabling pain), social impairment (breaking intimacy, struggling to fulfill family responsibilities, maintaining work, losing independence), navigating uncertainty (diagnostic ambiguity, medically fending for oneself, unpredictable course of illness), alone and misunderstood (fearful avoidance of fellow patients, invisible suffering), and gradual acceptance and relative optimism (adapting to change and accepting limitations, taking a positive spin, cautious hoping, empowering relationships, valuing medical support).Conclusion.SSc is a rare and unpredictable illness that undermines patients’ sense of certainty and control and impairs their self-image, identity, and daily functioning. Patient-centered care that encompasses strategies to promote self-esteem, resilience, and self-efficacy may help to improve treatment satisfaction and health and quality of life outcomes for patients with SSc.
The Frequency of Scleroderma Renal Crisis over Time: A Metaanalysis
Authors: Turk Matthew , Pope Janet E. 
Published: May 2016

Objective.Systemic sclerosis (SSc) leads to a high mortality from internal organ involvement. Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) usually occurs in the diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) subset early in the disease, often with acute severe hypertension and renal failure. Prevalence of SRC since its classification in the early 1970s was determined in publications to assess whether the prevalence of SRC has changed over time because the proportion with the dcSSc subset is smaller in contemporary cohorts.Methods.A review of the literature was conducted up to May 2015 using the PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases. Articles were included if they mentioned the prevalence of SRC and were cohort or cross-sectional studies with 50 or more patients with SSc. Articles were excluded if they were not in English or were a case series of SRC or case-control studies.Results.Of the 5317 citations identified, 22 qualified. Years of publication were from 1983 to 2011, and cohort size varied from 68 to 8554 patients with SSc totaling 21,908 patients (9248 with dcSSc, 42%). There was no statistical reduction in the temporal prevalence of SRC noticed in the overall patients (4%), patients with dcSSc (7%–9%), or patients with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc; 0.5%–0.6%) based on either the start date of the cohort or publication date.Conclusion.It appears that SRC remains uncommon in lcSSc and the rate in the dcSSc group may be stable over time. However, increasing awareness of SRC could lead to higher rates in more recent years and/or better survival from SRC, but this was not observed.
Time Trends, Predictors, and Outcome of Emergency Department Use for Gout: A Nationwide US Study
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Yu Shaohua 
Published: May 2016

Objective.To assess gout-related emergency department (ED) use/charges and discharge disposition.Methods.We used the US National ED Sample (NEDS) data to examine the time trends in total ED visits and charges and ED-related hospitalizations with gout as the primary diagnosis. We assessed multivariable-adjusted predictors of ED charges and hospitalization for gout-related visits using the 2012 NEDS data.Results.There were 180,789, 201,044, and 205,152 ED visits in 2009, 2010, and 2012 with gout as the primary diagnosis, with total ED charges of $195 million, $239 million, and $287 million, respectively; these accounted for 0.14%–0.16% of all ED visits. Mean/median 2012 ED charges/visit were $1398/$956. Of all gout-related ED visits, 7.7% were admitted to the hospital in 2012. Mean/median length of hospital stay was 3.9/2.6 days and mean/median inpatient charge/admission with gout as the primary diagnosis was $22,066/$15,912 in 2012. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, these factors were associated with higher ED charges: older age, female sex, highest income quartile, being uninsured, metropolitan residence, Western United States hospital location, heart disease, renal failure, heart failure, hypertension (HTN), diabetes, osteoarthritis (OA), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). These factors were associated with higher odds of hospitalization: older age, Northeast location, metropolitan teaching hospital, higher income quartile, heart disease, renal failure, heart failure, hyperlipidemia, HTN, diabetes, COPD, and OA, whereas self-pay insurance status was associated with lower odds of hospitalization, following an ED visit for gout.Conclusion.Absolute ED use and charges for gout increased over time, but relative use remained stable. Modifiable comorbidity factors associated with higher gout-related use should be targeted to reduce morbidity and healthcare use.