bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulated structures and associated microstructures in the ferroelectric phase of Ba1−
xSrxAl2O4 for 0.7 ≤ x ≤ 1.0
Authors: Tsukasaki Hirofumi , Ishii Yui , Tanaka Eri , Kurushima Kosuke , Mori Shigeo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In order to understand the ferroelectric and ferroelastic phases in Ba1−

x
Sr
x
Al2O4 for 0.7 ≤ x ≤ 1.0, we have investigated the crystal structures and their associated microstructures of the ferroelectric and ferroelastic phases mainly by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy–high-angle angular dark-field (STEM–HAADF) experiments, combined with powder X-ray diffraction experiments. Electron diffraction experiments showed that the ferroelectric and ferroelastic phases of Ba1−

x
Sr
x
Al2O4 for 0.7 ≤ x ≤ 1.0 should be characterized as a modulated structure with the modulation vector of

, whose space group should be monoclinic P21. High-resolution TEM experiments revealed that the microstructures in the monoclinic phase can be characterized as twin structures and nanometer-sized planar defects due to the monoclinic structure with the modulated structures, which are responsible for anomalous elastic behaviors and mechanoelectro-optical properties. In addition, subatomic-resolution STEM–HAADF images clearly indicated that the displacement of Al3+ ions involved in the AlO4 tetrahedra should play a crucial role in the formation of the modulated structures and twin structures.
Effects of gas flow rate on deposition rate and number of Si clusters incorporated into a-Si:H films
Authors: Toko Susumu , Torigoe Yoshihiro , Keya Kimitaka , Seo Hyunwoong , Itagaki Naho , Koga Kazunori , Shiratani Masaharu 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The suppression of cluster incorporation into a-Si:H films is the key to better film stability, because incorporated clusters contribute to the formation of SiH2 bonds and hence lead to light-induced degradation of the films. To deposit stable a-Si:H solar cells at a high deposition rate (DR), we studied the effects of the gas flow rate on DR and the number of Si clusters incorporated into a-Si:H films with discharge power as a parameter, using a multihollow discharge-plasma chemical vapor deposition method. We succeeded in depositing high-quality a-Si:H films with the incorporation of few clusters at DR of 0.1 nm/s. We also found that, under a low gas flow rate and a high discharge power, high-density clusters exist in plasma and hence DR is reduced as a result of radical loss to the clusters.
Torsion of a cylinder of partially molten rock with a spherical inclusion: Theory and simulation
Authors: Alisic Laura , Rhebergen Sander , Rudge John F. , Katz Richard F. , Wells Garth N. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe processes that are involved in migration and extraction of melt from the mantle are not yet fully understood. Gaining a better understanding of material properties of partially molten rock could help shed light on the behavior of melt on larger scales in the mantle. In this study, we simulate three‐dimensional torsional deformation of a partially molten rock that contains a rigid, spherical inclusion. We compare the computed porosity patterns to those found in recent laboratory experiments. The laboratory experiments show emergence of melt‐rich bands throughout the rock sample, and pressure shadows around the inclusion. The numerical model displays similar melt‐rich bands only for a small bulk‐to‐shear‐viscosity ratio (five or less). The results are consistent with earlier two‐dimensional numerical simulations; however, we show that it is easier to form melt‐rich bands in three dimensions compared to two. The addition of strain‐rate dependence of the viscosity causes a distinct change in the shape of pressure shadows around the inclusion. This change in shape presents an opportunity for experimentalists to identify the strain‐rate dependence and therefore the dominant deformation mechanism in torsion experiments with inclusions.
Annual variation and synodic modulation of the sporadic meteoroid flux to the Moon
Authors: Szalay Jamey R. , Horányi Mihály 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Lunar Dust Experiment on board NASA's Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer discovered a permanently present, asymmetric dust cloud engulfing the Moon, sustained by meteoroid bombardment. It is most dense at 5–8 lunar local time, with a peak density canted sunward. Here we present analysis on the variation of the cloud density during January to April 2014. We find the lunar dust cloud in the Moon's equatorial plane to be dominantly produced by impacts from three known sporadic meteoroid sources: apex, helion, and antihelion, listed in order of their contribution to ejecta production. The cloud density is also modulated by the Moon's orbital motion about the Earth, peaking during its waning gibbous phase. These results are complementary to ground‐based measurements and indicate the Moon can be used as a very sensitive large area dust detector to characterize the meteoroid environment at 1 AU.
Interannual variability in the South‐East Atlantic Ocean, focusing on the Benguela Upwelling System: Remote versus local forcing
Authors: Bachèlery Marie‐Lou , Illig Serena , Dadou Isabelle 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe investigate the respective roles of equatorial remote (Equatorial Kelvin Waves) and local atmospheric (wind, heat fluxes) forcing on coastal variability in the South‐East Atlantic Ocean extending up to the Benguela Upwelling System (BUS) over the 2000–2008 period. We carried out a set of six numerical experiments based on a regional ocean model, that differ only by the prescribed forcing (climatological or total) at surface and lateral boundaries. Results show that at subseasonal timescales (<100 days), the coastal oceanic variability (currents, thermocline, and sea level) is mainly driven by local forcing, while at interannual timescales it is dominated by remote equatorial forcing. At interannual timescales (13–20 months), remotely forced Coastal‐Trapped Waves (CTW) propagate poleward along the African southwest coast up to the northern part of the BUS at 24°S, with phase speeds ranging from 0.8 to 1.1 m.s−1. We show that two triggering mechanisms limit the southward propagation of CTW: interannual variability of the equatorward Benguela Current prescribed at the model's southern boundary (30°S) and variability of local atmospheric forcing that modulates the magnitude of observed coastal interannual events. When local wind stress forcing is in (out) of phase, the magnitude of the interannual event increases (decreases). Finally, dynamical processes associated with CTW propagations are further investigated using heat budget for two intense interannual events in 2001 and 2003. Results show that significant temperature anomalies (±2°C), that are mostly found in the subsurface, are primarily driven by alongshore and vertical advection processes.
Temporal and spatial variability of daytime land surface temperature in Houston: Comparing DISCOVER‐AQ aircraft observations with the WRF model and satellites
Authors: Huang Min , Lee Pius , McNider Richard , Crawford James , Buzay Eric , Barrick John , Liu Yuling , Krishnan Praveena 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBased on a semiempirical diurnal temperature cycle model and aircraft observations taken at different times of the day, daytime land surface temperature (LST) is derived at six locations in the Greater Houston area on the least cloudy day during NASA's DISCOVER‐AQ (Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality) field campaign in September 2013. The aircraft‐derived daytime LSTs show ranges (max‐min) of 11–25°K varying by location, with the daily maxima occurring near 1300–1400 local time. Two Weather Research and Forecasting model simulations that were configured differently are compared with these aircraft‐derived LST, indicating location‐ and time‐dependent performance. The NOAA GOES geostationary satellite observed similar LST spatial patterns in Houston to those in finer resolution from two polar‐orbiting satellite instruments (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite), and it provided useful information of the LST temporal variability missing from the polar‐orbiting satellite products. However, spatial‐ and time‐varying discrepancies are found among LSTs from these various platforms, which are worth further evaluation in order to benefit model evaluation and improvement. The aircraft and satellite LSTs are overall anticorrelated with satellite vegetation indexes. This emphasizes the importance of vegetation cover in urban planning due to its cooling effect and further impact on biogenic emissions and regional air quality. The approaches shown in this study are also suitable for applications under cloudless conditions at other locations and times, such as during the remaining DISCOVER‐AQ deployments conducted in three other populated regions with diverse land uses.
Robust Offline Single‐Machine Scheduling Problems
Authors: Tadayon Bita , Smith J. Cole 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Over the last few decades, a host of researchers have incorporated data uncertainty into scheduling optimization problems. The perspectives that these models take can vary widely and may include the optimization of worst‐case costs, expected costs, probability of meeting deadlines, and so on. The mathematical programming subfield of robust optimization has also undergone significant development in the past 15 years. This article analyzes research conducted at the intersection of robust optimization and scheduling theory. We discuss four uncertainty sets used to represent unknown data and three robustness measures that have been applied in robust scheduling literature. We then classify results obtained for specific robust single‐machine scheduling problems under each combination of uncertainty set and robustness measure and introduce open problems in this area.
Automatic tuning of robust constrained cross‐direction controllers
Authors: Ammar Mohammed E. , Dumont Guy A. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe paper machine cross‐directional (CD) process is a large‐scale spatially distributed system. It is known to be severely ill‐conditioned as the gain rolls down to zero for some of the process directions. Model uncertainties in the process are inevitable resulting in a challenging robust control design problem. CD actuators are subject to min–max constraints while slice lip actuators are subject to additional bending moment limits. Because of the large number of input constraints, the industrial practice is to tune the CD controller assuming inactive constraints. The robustness of CD feedback loops to model uncertainties under constrained internal model control satisfies an integral quadratic inequality. This work develops an automatic tuning algorithm that guarantees robust stability and performance of the constrained CD feedback loop. Spatial response models are identified in a prediction error frame delivering bounds on the CD process pseudo‐singular values. The CD controller is synthesized online through a linear matrix inequalities feasibility problem taking into consideration the modal space uncertainty rising from the uncertainties in the estimated parameters and the expected variations in the dynamic response. The developed tuning technique is suitable for paper machines producing different grades of paper as the CD process spatial and dynamic responses change for each grade. The performance of the tuned constrained internal model control controller is validated through comparing it to an industrial CD controller that has been implemented in paper mills as part of a commercial product. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aktivitätssteigerung von Sauerstoffreduktionskatalysatoren durch Unterdrückung der Katalysatorvergiftung mittels hydrophober ionischer Flüssigkeiten
Authors: Zhang Gui‐Rong , Munoz Macarena , Etzold Bastian J. M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDie Entwicklung kostengünstiger Elektrokatalysatoren für die Sauerstoffreduktion (Oxygen Reduction Reaction, ORR) ist eine Voraussetzung für eine weitläufige Marktdurchdringung der Niedertemperatur‐Brennstoffzelle. Große Hindernisse sind dabei die Vergiftung von Oberflächenplätzen durch unreaktive sauerstoffhaltige Spezies und die langsame Kinetik der ORR auf Pt‐Katalysatoren. Wir berichten von einem einfachen Ansatz zur Beschleunigung der ORR mithilfe einer hydrophoben ionischen Flüssigkeit (Ionic Liquid, IL), welche die Platinvergiftung durch Sauerstoffspezies unterdrückt, was in einer höheren Aktivität des IL‐modifizierten Pt resultiert. Die massenbezogene Aktivität des Katalysators wird um den Faktor 3 auf 1.01 A mg−1Pt bei 0.9 V erhöht, was einem neuen Rekord für reine Pt‐Katalysatoren entspricht. Die gesteigerte Leistungsfähigkeit des IL‐modifizierten Katalysators war über 30 000 Zyklen stabil. Dies kann die Grundlage für die Entwicklung neuer Hochleistungs‐Elektrokatalysatoren für Brennstoffzellen bilden.
Engineering Polymer Hydrogel Nanoparticles for Lymph Node‐Targeted Delivery
Authors: De Koker Stefaan , Cui Jiwei , Vanparijs Nane , Albertazzi Lorenzo , Grooten Johan , Caruso Frank , De Geest Bruno G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe induction of antigen‐specific adaptive immunity exclusively occurs in lymphoid organs. As a consequence, the efficacy by which vaccines reach these tissues strongly affects the efficacy of the vaccine. Here, we report the design of polymer hydrogel nanoparticles that efficiently target multiple immune cell subsets in the draining lymph nodes. Nanoparticles are fabricated by infiltrating mesoporous silica particles (ca. 200 nm) with poly(methacrylic acid) followed by disulfide‐based crosslinking and template removal. PEGylation of these nanoparticles does not affect their cellular association in vitro, but dramatically improves their lymphatic drainage in vivo. The functional relevance of these observations is further illustrated by the increased priming of antigen‐specific T cells. Our findings highlight the potential of engineered hydrogel nanoparticles for the lymphatic delivery of antigens and immune‐modulating compounds.
LDPE composite films incorporating ceramic powder emitting far‐infrared radiation for advanced food‐packaging applications
Authors: Ketsuk Phuntheera , Lim Mijin , Baek Seung Hye , Jung Jeyoung , Kim Dowan , Malegowd Raghavendra Gownolla , Seo Jongchul , Khan Sher Bahadar 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTA ceramic powder that emits far‐infrared radiation (FIR) was incorporated into low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) via melt‐compounding and subsequent melt‐extrusion processes. To investigate the feasibility of as‐prepared LDPE/FIR composite films for use in packaging applications, the composite films were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, FIR emissivity and emissive power, antimicrobial activity assays, and storage tests. The physical properties and antimicrobial activities of the composite films were found to strongly correlate with the changes in the chemical and morphological structures that originate from different contents of FIR ceramic powder. A higher content of FIR ceramic powder in the LDPE/FIR composite film provided increased FIR emissivity and emission power of the composite and resulted in good antimicrobial activity. Storage tests also showed that incorporation of FIR ceramic powder into LDPE film was an effective method for maintaining the freshness of lettuce. Furthermore, the incorporation of FIR ceramic powder into LDPE films induced higher thermal stability and crystallinity and enhanced their barrier properties, which suggest these LDPE/FIR composite films are potential candidates for advanced packaging materials for the food and medical industries. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43102.
Enhanced dielectric and electrorheological properties of needle‐like TiO2/polyrhodanine core/shell hybrid nanostructure
Authors: Ozkan Seyma , Unal Halil Ibrahim 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn this study, antisedimentation, dielectric, electrorheological (ER) and creep–recovery properties of needle‐like TiO2/polyrhodanine (PRh) nanocomposite were investigated. Antisedimentation ratio of needle‐like TiO2/PRh was determined to be 45% after 30 days in silicone oil (SO). Polarizability and relaxation time of needle‐like TiO2/PRh/SO system were determined to be 0.18 and 2.9 × 10−5 s, respectively by the dielectric spectroscopy which was further used to evaluate the ER performance of the dispersion, and the data obtained were in good agreement with the overall ER results. ER properties of needle‐like TiO2/PRh/SO system were determined by taking the effects of shear rate, shear stress, electric field strength, and temperature into account using a torque electrorheometer. Non‐Newtonian shear thinning behaviors were observed for the samples. Vibration damping capabilities of the dispersions were investigated by measuring their elastic and viscous moduli as functions of frequency, time, and electric field strengths. Enhanced and reversible viscoelastic deformations were recorded for needle‐like TiO2/SO system from creep–recovery tests with 88% recovery under E = 3.5 kV mm−1 condition; thus, the system was classified as a smart one and suitable for potential vibration damping applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43240.
Extruded foams prepared from high amylose starch with sodium stearate to form amylose inclusion complexes*
Authors: Finkenstadt Victoria L. , Felker Frederick C. , Fanta George F. , Kenar James A. , Selling Gordon W. , Hornback Kathy J. , Fisk Donald L. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTExtruded starch foams were prepared from high amylose corn starch with and without sodium stearate and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH) to determine how the formation of amylose–sodium stearate inclusion complexes and PVOH addition would affect foam properties. X‐ray diffraction and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) showed that amylose–sodium stearate inclusion complexes were formed by low temperature extrusion and did not dissociate during foam formation by a second extrusion at higher temperatures. In the absence of PVOH, water absorption, and foam shrinkage at 95% RH were decreased because of the hydrophobicity of the complex. PVOH addition increased both the expansion ratio and the shrinkage of the foam, although shrinkage at 95% RH was still less than that observed with uncomplexed amylose. The structural integrity and some tensile properties of stearate‐containing foams were improved by PVOH addition. These results provide the manufacturer of biodegradable starch foams with an inexpensive method for tailoring foam properties for specific end‐use applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43251.
Voltage‐induced wrinkling behavior of dielectric elastomer
Authors: Liu Xuejing , Li Bo , Chen Hualing , Jia Shuhai , Zhou Jinxiong 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTWrinkles, with regular periodic patterns in soft dielectric membrane, are interesting, since they are induced electrically by applying a voltage. An experimental investigation is presented to study the wrinkling behavior of dielectric elastomer. Steady wrinkles, without the accompany of electrical breakdown were attained. According to the relationship between wrinkling and breakdown, the electromechanical behaviors of DE membrane can be divided into the following types: Type A: breakdown directly without wrinkles; Type B: wrinkle and immediate breakdown; Type C: form steady wrinkles within a voltage span. Three different electromechanical behaviors of DE membrane are classified in a phase chart. A theoretical analysis is presented and discussed, involving the effect of prestretch and configurations to predict the relationship between mechanical wrinkling and electrical breakdown. Wrinkles at on‐demand location can be triggered. The results agree with the experiments. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43258.
Modification of pristine multiwalled carbon nanotube by grafting with poly(methyl methacrylate) using benzoyl peroxide initiator
Authors: Ali Umar , Bt. Abd Karim Khairil J. , Buang Nor A. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTMultiwalled carbon nanotube was successfully grafted with poly(methyl methacrylate) by free radical mechanism using benzoyl peroxide initiator. The reaction was carried out in situ, where the initiator and methyl methacrylate monomer generated the polymer‐free radical that was subsequently grafted to the surface of the pristine multiwalled carbon nanotube. The multiwalled carbon nanotube grafted poly(methyl methacrylate) (MWCNT‐g‐PMMA) were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, 13 C‐solid NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scan electron microscopy. From the result of the characterizations, the grafting of poly(methyl methacrylate) on to multiwalled carbon nanotube was confirmed, and a percentage grafting of 41.51% weight was achieved under optimized conditions with respect to the temperature and the amount of the initiator. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43270.
Coordination Polymers of Palladium Bridged by Carboxylate and Dimethylaminoalkylselenolate Ligands
Authors: Paluru Dilip K. , Dey Sandip , Wadawale Amey P. , Bhuvanesh Nattamai , Grupp Anita , Kaim Wolfgang , Jain Vimal K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCoordination polymers of palladium stabilized by dimethylaminoalkylselenolate and carboxylate ligands are reported. The reaction of [PdCl(SeCH2CH2NMe2)]3 with AgOTf followed by treatment with sodium acetate afforded [Pd0PdII4(SeCH2CH2NMe2)3(OAc)3](OTf)2 (1) in which one of the Pd atoms is in the zero oxidation state. In the absence of NaOAc, a tetranuclear complex, [PdII4(SeCH2CH2NMe2)4(OTf)](OTf)3 (2), is isolated from the same reaction. Subsequent treatment with NaO2CR afforded [Pd4(SeCH2CH2NMe2)4(O2CR)4] (R=tBu (3) and Ph (4)). The reaction of [PdCl(SeCH2CH2CH2NMe2)]2 with AgOTf and NaOAc yielded an ionic binuclear complex, [PdII2(SeCH2CH2CH2NMe2)2(OAc)](OTf) (5). These complexes have been characterized by NMR spectroscopy, crystal structures, and in some cases by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and mass spectrometry. Complexes 1 and 5 are associated through secondary interactions and coordinate bonds, respectively, to generate polymeric structures in the solid state.
Synthesis and Catalytic Study of Ruthenium Carbene Catalyst Containing a Zn‐Porphyrin Ligand
Authors: Xu Ying , Zhang Huizhu , Wang Xinyuan , Liu Guiyan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA ruthenium carbene complex containing a Zn‐porphyrin ligand has been developed. The complex was characterized by 1H NMR, IR, HRMS and elemental analysis. The catalytic activity of the ruthenium carbene complex for olefin metathesis reactions was also investigated. The complex exhibited excellent performance for both ring‐closing and cross metathesis reactions at 35°C.
Synthesis of Osthole Derivatives with Grignard Reagents and Their Larvicidal Activities on Mosquitoes
Authors: Liu Ming , Liu Yang , Hua Xuewen , Wu Changchun , Zhou Sha , Wang Baolei , Li Zhengming 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe structure of osthole has been modified to improve its larvicidal activity against mosquitoes. A new efficient synthesis of osthole derivatives with Grignard reagents has been developed, which employs CuI and LiCl as promoters and covers a broad range of substrates to afford the corresponding products in mild to good yields (up to 83%). Bio‐activity evaluation showed that several products exhibited better activities than osthole.