bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Freshwater salinization syndrome on a continental scale
Authors: Kaushal Sujay S. , Likens Gene E. , Pace Michael L. , Utz Ryan M. , Haq Shahan , Gorman Julia , Grese Melissa 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Salinization and alkalinization impact water quality, but these processes have been studied separately, except in arid regions. Globally, salinization has been largely attributed to agriculture, resource extraction, and land clearing. Alkalinization has been attributed to recovery from acidification, with less recognition as an environmental issue. We show that salinization and alkalinization are linked, and trends in these processes impact most of the drainage area of the United States. Increases in salinity and alkalinity are caused by inputs of salts containing strong bases and carbonates that originate from anthropogenic sources and accelerated weathering. We develop a conceptual model unifying our understanding of salinization and alkalinization and its drivers and impacts on fresh water in North America over the past century.
Power law tails in phylogenetic systems
Authors: Qin Chongli , Colwell Lucy J. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Covariance analysis of protein sequence alignments can predict structure and function from sequence alignments alone. Current methodologies typically assume that sequences are independent, notwithstanding their phylogenetic relationships. This corruption constrains the alignments for which covariance analysis can be used. It is critically important to control for phylogeny and understand how phylogeny contaminates signal. This paper presents a mathematical analysis that argues that there is a distinctive signature of phylogeny in the covariance matrix, allowing us to identify modes that are corrupted by phylogeny. This signature is present in large protein sequence alignments, explaining recent covariance analyses, and provides an important step toward decoupling phylogenetic effects from biologically meaningful interactions.
Chemical encoding of risk perception and predator detection among estuarine invertebrates
Authors: Poulin Remington X. , Lavoie Serge , Siegel Katherine , Gaul David A. , Weissburg Marc J. , Kubanek Julia 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Chemical cues are essential to marine life, particularly for detecting predators. Despite decades of research, almost nothing is known of the molecular nature of these waterborne cues. This prevents us from assessing environmental variation and impacts of these cues and from understanding and manipulating predator–prey signaling pathways. Leveraging natural chemical variation in the urine of a predatory crab using metabolomics, the chemical profiles of urine from crabs fed different diets were revealed to be predictive of their fear-inducing potency. This pattern led us to identify the major constituents of the chemical cue used by mud crab prey to detect and avoid their predator. This investigation serves as a blueprint for investigating the molecular nature of these community-structuring waterborne cues.
Predicting tipping points in mutualistic networks through dimension reduction
Authors: Jiang Junjie , Huang Zi-Gang , Seager Thomas P. , Lin Wei , Grebogi Celso , Hastings Alan , Lai Ying-Cheng 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Complex systems in many fields, because of their intrinsic nonlinear dynamics, can exhibit a tipping point (point of no return) at which a total collapse of the system occurs. In ecosystems, environmental deterioration can lead to evolution toward a tipping point. To predict tipping point is an outstanding and extremely challenging problem. Using complex bipartite mutualistic networks, we articulate a dimension reduction strategy and establish its general applicability to predicting tipping points using a large number of empirical networks. Not only can our reduced model serve as a paradigm for understanding the tipping point dynamics in real world ecosystems for safeguarding pollinators, the principle can also be extended to other disciplines to address critical issues, such as resilience and sustainability.
Modeling lethal X-linked genetic disorders in pigs with ensured fertility
Authors: Matsunari Hitomi , Watanabe Masahito , Nakano Kazuaki , Enosawa Shin , Umeyama Kazuhiro , Uchikura Ayuko , Yashima Sayaka , Fukuda Toru , Klymiuk Nikolai , Kurome Mayuko , Kessler Barbara , Wuensch Annegret , Zakhartchenko Valeri , Wolf Eckhard , Hanazono Yutaka , Nagaya Masaki , Umezawa Akihiro , Nakauchi Hiromitsu , Nagashima Hiroshi 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceThe development of therapies for rare and intractable genetic disorders represents a significant unmet medical need. Disease model pigs characterized by physiological, anatomical, and pathogenetic similarities to humans allow translational studies to be performed, yielding valuable data that can be extrapolated to patients. The establishment of an efficient reproduction system is a key element in the practical application of disease model pigs, which often suffer from reproductive inability due to severe symptoms. Here, we showed that the valuable trait of genetically modified disease model pigs can be maximized by generating unique chimeric boars composed of mutant and normal cells.
Melanopsin- and L-cone–induced pupil constriction is inhibited by S- and M-cones in humans
Authors: Woelders Tom , Leenheers Thomas , Gordijn Marijke C. M. , Hut Roelof A. , Beersma Domien G. M. , Wams Emma J. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Human retinas contain five light-responsive cell types: rods; short (S)-, mid (M)-, and long (L)-wavelength–sensitive cones; and melanopsin-expressing ganglion cells. Intrinsically light-sensitive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) also relay rod and cone information to brain areas involved in nonvisual responses, such as pupil constriction. Cones allow for visual color discrimination. How cone-dependent color discrimination affects nonvisual responses is poorly understood. We show that selectively activating L-cones or melanopsin constricts the pupil whereas S- or M-cone activation paradoxically dilates the pupil. Intrinsically photosensitive RGCs therefore appear to signal color on yellow/blue and red/green scales, with blue and green cone shifts being processed as brightness decrements. These findings are crucial in understanding brightness coding for visual and nonvisual responses such as circadian entrainment and alerting effects of light.
Suppression of frontal eye field neuronal responses with maintained fixation
Authors: Mirpour Koorosh , Bolandnazar Zeinab , Bisley James W. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
In natural viewing, such as reading or scene perception, fixation can be extended temporally when subjects look at a word or object that is important or requires more processing. Numerous models have suggested that this could occur by a suppressive mechanism. Here, we show that responses in the frontal eye field (FEF) are suppressed when animals maintain fixation on a stimulus that may give them a reward. This suggests that FEF may be able to modulate the temporal flow of eye movements in natural viewing using enhanced activity to generate eye movements and suppression to maintain fixation.
In situ detection of live-to-dead bacteria ratio after inactivation by means of synchronous fluorescence and PCA
Authors: Li Runze , Goswami Umang , King Maria , Chen Jie , Cesario Thomas C. , Rentzepis Peter M. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
The in situ and rapid detection of live and dead bacteria is crucial for preventing health care-associated infection in hospitals, field clinics, and other areas such as monitoring wound healings. Traditionally, determining the number of pathogenic organism involves specimen collection, appropriate culture on agar plates within laboratory environments, and counting the colony-forming units. These are very time-consuming procedures and could therefore increase the risk of infection or even death. In this paper, we demonstrate that the live/dead bacteria ratio after UV radiation and antibiotic treatment may be obtained easily, through a handheld spectrophotometer integrated with principal component analysis. Such procedures may provide a new way for the rapid detection and classification of live and dead bacteria in situ within minutes.
Tolerogenic nanoparticles restore the antitumor activity of recombinant immunotoxins by mitigating immunogenicity
Authors: Mazor Ronit , King Emily M. , Onda Masanori , Cuburu Nicolas , Addissie Selamawit , Crown Devorah , Liu Xiu-Fen , Kishimoto Takashi Kei , Pastan Ira 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Protein-based drugs are very active in treating cancer, but their efficacy is limited by the formation of neutralizing antidrug antibodies (ADAs). Recombinant immunotoxins are proteins that are very effective in patients with leukemia, in whom immunity is suppressed, but induce ADAs, which compromise their activity, in patients with intact immunity. Here we used an immunomodulator that is encapsulated in a nanoparticle delivery system (SVP-R) to induce specific immune tolerance to immunotoxins in mice. SVP-R induces immune tolerance, prevents ADA formation, and prevents the drug neutralization and clearance that results in restoration of its antitumor activity. Importantly, the combination is also efficacious in mice with preexisting antibodies, indicating that this approach can benefit patients who often have such antibodies.
Fitness landscape of the human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein that is targeted by antibodies
Authors: Louie Raymond H. Y. , Kaczorowski Kevin J. , Barton John P. , Chakraborty Arup K. , McKay Matthew R. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
An effective vaccine for HIV is still not available, although recent hope has emerged through the discovery of antibodies capable of neutralizing diverse HIV strains. Nonetheless, there exist mutational pathways through which HIV can evade known broadly neutralizing antibody responses. An ideal vaccine would elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies that target parts of the virus’s spike proteins where mutations severely compromise the virus’s fitness. Here, we employ a computational approach that allows estimation of the fitness landscape (fitness as a function of sequence) of the polyprotein that comprises HIV’s spike. We validate the inferred landscape through comparisons with diverse experimental measurements. The availability of this fitness landscape will aid the rational design of immunogens for effective vaccines.
TRPM4 and TRPM5 are both required for normal signaling in taste receptor cells
Authors: Dutta Banik Debarghya , Martin Laura E. , Freichel Marc , Torregrossa Ann-Marie , Medler Kathryn F. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
It is currently thought that the transduction of bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli in taste cells depends on G protein-coupled receptor signaling with transient receptor potential melastatin 5 (TRPM5) acting as a common downstream component. However, in the absence of TRPM5, mice have a reduced, but not abolished, ability to detect these stimuli, suggesting that a TRPM5-independent pathway also contributes to taste transduction. Here, we identify a critical role for the TRPM4 channel in the detection of these taste qualities. Deletion of either TRPM4 or TRPM5 impairs sensitivity to bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli, and loss of both TRPM4 and TRPM5 abolishes taste responses to these stimuli. Our results show that both TRPM4 and TRPM5 are required and sufficient for the transduction of bitter, sweet, and umami stimuli.
DNA double-strand break response factors influence end-joining features of IgH class switch and general translocation junctions
Authors: Panchakshari Rohit A. , Zhang Xuefei , Kumar Vipul , Du Zhou , Wei Pei-Chi , Kao Jennifer , Dong Junchao , Alt Frederick W. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
B lymphocytes change the type of antibody they express to combat infections though a DNA breakage and joining process termed antibody class switch recombination (CSR). During CSR, DNA breaks are introduced into two specific regions of the antibody locus, and these two DNA breaks are joined to make the new form of the antibody gene. Like other genomic breaks, CSR DNA breaks activate a cellular DNA damage response pathway that helps ensure their proper repair. We now show that, when certain components of the DNA damage response pathway are inactivated, B-cell CSR junctions show different molecular signatures, indicating that they are repaired by a less-efficient alternative DNA repair pathway instead of the normal general cellular DNA break repair pathway.
Facilitating coproduction: the role of leadership in coproduction initiatives in the UK
Authors: Bussu Sonia , Tullia Galanti Maria 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The concept of coproduction primarily refers to direct user involvement in the production of services. This paper identifies the main dimensions of this broad and at times fuzzy concept and focuses on types and styles of leadership that can emerge from, and sustain, effective coproduction practice. We do so by carrying out a narrative review of cases of coproduction in the UK, with a focus on the role of citizens, bureaucrats and, specifically, local politicians, to unpick how the latter can facilitate or hinder coproductive processes. The analysis distances itself from a traditional understanding of leadership to examine relational dynamics rather than organisation structures as the key variable of leadership within coproductive practices.
Worry About Deportation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Adult Women: The Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas Study
Authors: Torres Jacqueline M , Deardorff Julianna , Gunier Robert B , Harley Kim G , Alkon Abbey , Kogut Katherine , Eskenazi Brenda 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundU.S. Latinos report high levels of concern about deportation for themselves or others. No previous research has tested the link between worry about deportation and clinical measures of cardiovascular risk.PurposeWe estimate the associations between worry about deportation and clinically measured cardiovascular risk factors.MethodsData come from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas study. The analytic sample includes 545 Mexican-origin women.ResultsIn multivariable models, reporting a lot of worry about deportation was significantly associated with greater body mass index, greater risk of obesity, larger waist circumference, and higher pulse pressure. Reporting moderate deportation worry was significantly associated with greater risk of overweight and higher systolic blood pressure. Significant associations between worry about deportation and greater body mass index, waist circumference, and pulse pressure, respectively, held after correcting for multiple testing at p &lt; .05.ConclusionsWorry about deportation may be an important cardiovascular risk factor for ethnic minority populations in the USA.
Colonizing the Canon: Metonymy and Metropolitan Fiction
Authors: Yee Jennifer 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The geographical focus of the French realist and naturalist novel is overwhelmingly on metropolitan France. However, a postcolonial reading of these metropolitan novels reveals links to France’s colonies that cannot easily be reduced to colonialist propaganda. Such a reading deploys modes that might be qualified as suspicious (Ross Chambers) or contrapuntal (Edward Said). It reveals off-stage spaces that can be approached in terms of Foucault’s ‘colonial heterotopias’ or Bakhtin’s distinction between adventure and everyday chronotopes. This article examines off-stage colonial heterotopias that appear through metonymy. Drawing on cultural studies and ‘thing theory’ it reads inanimate objects — imported colonial goods, or fake exotic objects manufactured in Paris — as metonymically suggesting a broader history beyond France. Such objects sometimes point to events that are usually passed over in silence, such as the Haitian Revolution. They expose consumerism as imperialist voracity or nostalgia for slave-ownership. And at times they show us Romantic exotic posing as part of the July Monarchy’s use of the Algerian conquest for self-publicity. Metonymy thus brings colonialism into the metropolitan text by the side door. At the same time, colonial metonymy introduces a disturbance within the realist machine. It breaks up the continuity of spatial and conceptual proximity, since an object imported from Algeria circulates within metropolitan space but points towards North Africa. And while the realist mode usually depends on verisimilitude or familiarity, colonial metonymy self-consciously confronts the reader with something that is not familiar and does not obviously belong in the metropolitan context.
‘We Were All Strangers Here’: Time, Space, and Postcolonial Anxiety in Traversay’s
Les Amours de Zémédare et Carina, et description de l’île de la Martinique
Authors: McCusker Maeve 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

A sense of dislocation, unsettlement, and exile — what V. S. Naipaul calls the ‘enigma of arrival’ — was the destiny of all who migrated to the Antilles under the plantation regime, although this enigma was experienced in radically different ways by masters and slaves. While much scholarship exists on how ‘black’ writers engaged with space and time in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, earlier Antillean writers have generally not been interrogated in terms of their exploration of the chronotopes of island and plantation. For these writers, fiction was a medium through which to explore and accentuate the exotic: nineteenth-century novels routinely present idealized, mysterious, magical, or forbidding landscapes. Fiction also provided a powerful vehicle for domesticating the alien, through a pronounced recourse to (apparently) objective detail and quantifiable data. This article examines the first known, and almost entirely neglected, Martiniquan novel, Traversay’s
Les Amours de Zémédare et Carina
, a novel that exemplifies this tension between the urge to make strange and the urge to chart, define, and explain. In its treatment of time — in particular its use of prolepsis — and in the presentation of space — gardens, trees, geological formations — the novel exemplifies the ambivalence and anxiety so commonly identified with more recent postcolonial writing.
The High Time Resolution Universe Pulsar Survey – XIII. PSR J1757−1854, the most accelerated binary pulsar
Authors: Cameron A D , Champion D J , Kramer M , Bailes M , Barr E D , Bassa C G , Bhandari S , Bhat N D R , Burgay M , Burke-Spolaor S , Eatough R P , Flynn C M L , Freire P C C , Jameson A , Johnston S , Karuppusamy R , Keith M J , Levin L , Lorimer D R , Lyne A G , McLaughlin M A , Ng C , Petroff E , Possenti A , Ridolfi A , Stappers B W , van Straten W , Tauris T M , Tiburzi C , Wex N 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We report the discovery of PSR J1757−1854, a 21.5-ms pulsar in a highly-eccentric, 4.4-h orbit with a neutron star (NS) companion. PSR J1757−1854 exhibits some of the most extreme relativistic parameters of any known pulsar, including the strongest relativistic effects due to gravitational-wave damping, with a merger time of 76 Myr. Following a 1.6-yr timing campaign, we have measured five post-Keplerian parameters, yielding the two component masses (mp = 1.3384(9) M⊙ and mc = 1.3946(9) M⊙) plus three tests of general relativity, which the theory passes. The larger mass of the NS companion provides important clues regarding the binary formation of PSR J1757−1854. With simulations suggesting 3-σ measurements of both the contribution of Lense–Thirring precession to the rate of change of the semimajor axis and the relativistic deformation of the orbit within ∼7–9 yr, PSR J1757−1854 stands out as a unique laboratory for new tests of gravitational theories.
Utility of Perioperative Lung Ultrasound in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Song In-Kyung , Kim Eun-Hee , Lee Ji-Hyun , Kang Pyoyoon , Kim Hee-Soo , Kim Jin-Tae 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Pediatric cardiac patients are at risk for perioperative respiratory insufficiency. The objective of this study was to assess the utility of perioperative lung ultrasound examination in pediatric cardiac surgery.

Methods
In this randomized, controlled trial, children (5 yr old or younger) undergoing cardiac surgery were allocated into a control (n = 61) or intervention (n = 61) group. The control group received only lung ultrasound examinations at the end of surgery and 6 to 12 h after surgery. The intervention group received lung ultrasound examinations and an ultrasound-guided recruitment maneuver depending on ultrasound findings after inducing anesthesia, at the end of surgery, and 6 to 12 h after surgery. Primary outcomes were incidences of intra- and postoperative desaturation, and postoperative pulmonary complications. Multiple comparisons were corrected (P ≤ 0.017) in the primary outcome analysis.

Results
Of the 120 children included in the analysis, postoperative desaturation (64% vs. 27%; P < 0.001; odds ratio [OR], 0.210; 95% CI, 0.097 to 0.456) occurred more in the control group. The incidences of intraoperative desaturation (36% vs. 19%; P = 0.033; OR, 0.406; 95% CI, 0.176 to 0.939) and postoperative pulmonary complications (12% vs. 3%; P = 0.093; OR, 0.271; 95% CI, 0.054 to 1.361) were similar between the groups. Lung ultrasound scores were better in the intervention group than in the control group. Duration of mechanical ventilation was longer in the control group than in the intervention group (38 ± 43 vs. 26 ± 25 h; 95% CI of mean difference, 0 to 25; P = 0.048).

Conclusions
Perioperative lung ultrasound examination followed by ultrasound-guided recruitment maneuver helped decrease postoperative desaturation events and shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation in pediatric cardiac patients.