bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
End Vertebra Versus Apical Vertebra: Where Are We More Likely to Misplace in Spine Deformity?
Authors: Sarwahi Vishal , Wendolowski Stephen F. , Lo Yungtai , Thornhill Beverly , Amaral Terry 
Published: November 2017

Background Data:
Pedicle screws placement remains technically demanding. The thoracic curve apex is considerably difficult due to its unique morphology and severe rotation. In comparison the upper end vertebrae have smaller pedicles and limited soft tissue exposure. This study seeks to evaluate the likelihood of screw misplacement at the end vertebra and apex.

Methods:
A retrospective review of preoperative and postoperative computed tomographic (CT) scans of spinal deformity patients who underwent posterior spinal fusion with pedicle screw constructs between 2004 and 2011 was performed. Pedicles located at the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV) and lower instrumented vertebra (LIV), and the major and minor apices were evaluated. Pedicle morphology was studied on preoperative CT and screw placement on postoperative CT.

Results:
In total, 188 patients met the inclusion criteria, 172 had preoperative CT scans and 133 had postoperative CT scans. The UIV had a significantly lower percentage of normal pedicles (type A) compared with apex major, apex minor, or LIV (59.1% vs. 76.1% vs. 77.3% vs. 98.7%; P<0.001). UIV had significantly the lowest percentage of normal normally placed screws compared with LIV, apex major, or apex minor (69.4% vs. 97.3% vs. 87.6% vs. 92.1%; P<0.001). In a logistic regression adjusted for preoperative Cobb angles, UIV was more likely to have screws misplaced (odds ratio =7.56; 95% confidence interval, 4.01-14.30; P<0.001) and abnormal pedicles (odds ratio=2.81; 95% confidence interval, 1.52-5.19; P=0.001) compared with any other location studied. In abnormal pedicles, 41 (39.8%) of the 103 UIV screws were misplaced, whereas 10 (16.4%) of the 61 apex major, apex minor, or LIV screws were misplaced (P=0.007).

Conclusions:
The UIV presents more of a risk for pedicle screw misplacement and abnormal morphology when compared with LIV and apical vertebra. We believe these findings can aid in the surgeon’s preoperative and intraoperative management to ensure increased success in accurate and safe pedicle screw placement.

Level of Evidence:
Level III.
Outcome of Guillain–Barré Syndrome in Tertiary Care Centers in Thailand
Authors: Kulkantrakorn Kongkiat , Sukphulloprat Puchit 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background:
Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), a common acute polyneuropathy, is seen worldwide with significant morbidity and mortality. GBS consists of a number of subtypes.

Objective:
The aim of this study is to identify clinical characteristics, electrophysiologic changes, clinical course, treatment, and outcome of GBS in Thailand.

Material and Methods:
Retrospective study of GBS patients aged 15 years or older, admitted to Thammasat University Hospital and Bangkok Hospital Medical Center between January 1, 2009 and November 30, 2014.

Results:
Thirty patients were found. Demographic characteristics were collected and described as follows; 60% male sex; average age 54 years; Asian 60%, European 20%, and others 10%. Disease subtypes consist of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy 66.7%, acute motor axonal neuropathy 10%, and others 23.3%. Average GBS disability score at admission was 2.9. Immunotherapy was intravenous immunoglobulin 83.3%, plasma exchange 3.3%, and steroid 3.3%. Average length of stay was 14.2 days; assisted ventilation rate was 13.3%. After the average of 1-year follow-up, average GBS disability score was 1.8, good outcome (score <3) was 63.3% and no death.

Conclusions:
Our study suggests that most GBS patients in Thailand are acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) subtype and have a good outcome. Predictors of severe disability are older age, previous diarrhea, autonomic disturbances, severe limb or bulbar weakness at admission, or onset of treatment.
The Influence of Exercise on Cardiovascular Health in Sedentary Adults With Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Webel Allison R. , Perazzo Joseph , Longenecker Christopher T. , Jenkins Trevor , Sattar Abdus , Rodriguez Margaret , Schreiner Nate , Josephson Richard A. 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Lifestyle physical activity (ie, moderate physical activity during routine daily activities most days of the week) may benefit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–positive adults who are at high risk for cardiovascular disease.

Objective:
The aims of this study were to describe lifestyle physical activity patterns in HIV-positive adults and to examine the influence of lifestyle physical activity on markers of cardiovascular health. Our secondary objective was to compare these relationships between HIV-positive adults and well-matched HIV-uninfected adults.

Methods:
A total of 109 HIV-positive adults and 20 control participants wore an ActiGraph accelerometer, completed a maximal graded cardiopulmonary exercise test, completed a coronary computed tomography, completed anthropomorphic measures, and had lipids and measures of insulin resistance measured from peripheral blood.

Results:
Participants (N = 129) had a mean age of 52 ± 7.3 years, 64% were male (n = 82), and 88% were African American (n = 112). On average, HIV-positive participants engaged in 33 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per day (interquartile range, 17–55 minutes) compared with 48 minutes in controls (interquartile range, 30–62 minutes, P = .05). Human immunodeficiency virus–positive adults had poor fitness (peak oxygen uptake [VO2], 16.8 ± 5.2 mL/min per kg; and a ventilatory efficiency, 33.1 [4.6]). A marker of HIV disease (current CD4+ T cell) was associated with reduced peak VO2 (r = −0.20, P < .05) and increased insulin resistance (r = 0.25, P < .01) but not with physical activity or other markers of cardiovascular health (P ≥ 0.05). After controlling for age, gender, body mass index, and HIV status, physical activity was not significantly associated with peak VO2 or ventilatory efficiency.

Conclusion:
Human immunodeficiency virus–positive adults have poor physical activity patterns and diminished cardiovascular health. Future longitudinal studies should examine whether HIV infection blunts the beneficial effects of physical activity on cardiovascular health.
Transintestinal cholesterol excretion in humans
Authors: Reeskamp Laurens F. , Meessen Emma C.E. , Groen Albert K. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
To discuss recent insights into the measurement and cellular basis of transintestinal cholesterol excretion (TICE) in humans and to explore TICE as a therapeutic target for increasing reverse cholesterol transport.

Recent findings
TICE is the net effect of cholesterol excretion by the enterocyte into the intestinal lumen and is the balance between input and output fluxes through the enterocytes. These fluxes are: cholesterol excretion into the intestinal lumen mainly via ATP-binding cassette (ABC) G5/8, cholesterol absorption from the intestine by Niemann-Pick C1 like protein 1, the uptake of plasma lipoproteins by enterocytes at the basolateral membrane, and the excretion of cholesterol in chylomicrons into the lymph. Multiple studies have shown that TICE contributes to fecal neutral sterol (FNS) excretion in humans. TICE can be targeted with plant sterols, liver X receptor agonists, bile acids, ezetimibe, and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors.

Summary
TICE contributes significantly to FNS excretion in humans, independently of the biliary pathway. Knowledge about its underlying cellular mechanisms surges through in-vivo and in-vitro studies in mice and humans. TICE might be an interesting therapeutic target for increasing cholesterol disposal with the feces. Albeit multiple therapeutic options are available, studies showing clinical benefit are still needed.
Genital Wart and Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Men in the United States From Penile Swabs: Results From National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
Authors: Daugherty Michael , Byler Timothy 
Published: November 2017

Introduction
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection in the United States that can lead to both malignant (high-risk) and benign (low-risk) findings. These low-risk findings include both genital condyloma, anal warts, and adult or juvenile papillomatosis, which are directly attributable to subtypes HPV 6 and HPV 11. We aim to estimate the prevalence of genital wart infections in men in the US population using a nationwide sample.

Methods
The NHANES database was queried for all men aged 18 to 59 years during the years 2013 to 2014. During these years, the survey included penile swabs that were tested for HPV infection from 37 subtypes using PCR. Information was also obtained regarding patient reported history of having a genital wart infection previously.

Results
A total of 1757 men had information regarding HPV DNA. Fifty-three men tested positive for HPV 6 or HPV 11 DNA. This corresponds to an estimated prevalence of 2.9% (95% confidence interval, 2.2–3.8) of men aged 18–59 years. In addition, 2.2% (95% confidence interval, 1.5–3.3) of men reported a history of genital wart infection. There was no significant association with genital HPV DNA detection with age. Increasing number of sexual partners was associated with higher rates of both genital warts and HPV 6 and HPV 11 DNA.

Conclusions
The estimated prevalence of genital HPV DNA in the US male population is 2.9%. This burden of disease could potentially be lowered with increased usage of quadrivalent and nonavalent vaccinations.
Laparoscopic Versus Open Distal Pancreatectomy: Comparative Analysis of Clinical Outcomes at a Single Institution
Authors: Jarufe Nicolás , Soto Pedro , Ahumada Vanessa , Pacheco Sergio , Salinas José , Galindo José , Bächler Jean-Phillipe , Achurra Pablo , Rebolledo Rolando , Guerra Juan F. , Briceño Eduardo , Martínez Jorge 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
Undertake a comparison between laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) and open distal pancreatectomy (ODP) for the management of benign and malignant lesions.

Methods:
A case series study of 93 consecutive patients subjected to a distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic tumors between 2001 and 2015. In each patient, clinical and surgical characteristic, postoperative course, histopathologic examination, and survival were analyzed.

Results:
LDP was associated with significantly less operative blood loss (50 mL vs. 300 mL; P<0.01), higher spleen preservation rate (52.6% vs. 19.2%; P<0.01) and shorter hospital stay (5 d vs. 8 d; P<0.01). In patients with adenocarcinoma, survival at 1 and 5 years were 63.5% and 15.9% in the ODP group versus 66.7% and 33.3% in the LDP group (P=0.43).

Conclusions:
LDP is a safe and feasible procedure for DP resections. LDP offers advantages over ODP in terms of reduction of operative blood loss, higher spleen preservation rate, and shorter hospital stay.
Executive compensation: influence and reciprocity effects
Authors: Maloa Frans 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the effects of influence and reciprocity as the elements in the determination of executive compensation.Design/methodology/approachA purposive sample was drawn, which comprised of 13 respondents chosen for their expertise relating to the determination of executive compensation in state-owned enterprises (SOEs). A semi-structured interview guide was used as the data-gathering instrument. A thematic analysis technique was used for data analysis.FindingsThe findings in this study identified three themes resorting under influence as crucial in the process of determining executive compensation, namely an executive’s social capital, intellectual capital and social comparison. Two major themes emerged under reciprocity, namely the pay-performance relationship and role complexity. Finally, the political-symbolic role emerged as the main theme that described the relationship between influence and reciprocity.Practical implicationsThe findings provide a more detailed description of the process involved in determining executive compensation in SOEs.Originality/valueThere has been limited if any, empirical study on the process involved in setting executive compensation. The limited focus has always been on accounting measures. Incorporating the socio-psychological view attempts to provide a more comprehensive and conclusive explanation of the process of determining executive pay in theory and practice.
Relationship between gender-sensitive practices and family support and its impact on psychological well-being of women employees in call centers in India
Authors: Verma Monica , Bhal Kanika T. , Vrat Prem 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship of gender-sensitive practices and family support in predicting psychological well-being of women assessed as stress, job satisfaction, commitment and intent to leave. Using the crossover theory, it also examines how gender-sensitive practices lead to family support, which in turn leads to reduced stress leading to high satisfaction and commitment and reduced intention to leave.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were obtained from a sample of 302 women employees working in call centers in NCR, India on psychometrically sound scales.

Findings
Analysis revealed that gender-sensitive practices are positively related to family support through the mechanism of crossover. Amply supported by data, the study exhibits the complementary relationship between gender-sensitive practices and family support, and their impact on psychological well-being of women employees.

Research limitations/implications
The sample may reflect same source bias as the data are collected from a single source.

Practical implications
The implementation of effective gender-sensitive practices might invite strong family support and then, both can be a source of great happiness to women employees and can lead to reduction in stress and, hence, greater job satisfaction, commitment and lesser intent to leave.

Originality/value
Very few research exist which have taken up the issue together. So, this study is an endeavor toward understanding the relationship between gender-sensitive practices and family support and their effect on job outcomes in a novel socio-cultural environment.
A cybernetic perspective on determinability and design research
Authors: Fischer Thomas 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe scientific criterion of determinability (predictability) can be framed in realist or in constructivist terms. This can pose a challenge to design researchers who operate between scientific research (which favors a realist view of determinism/indeterminism) and design practice (which favors a constructivist view of determinability/indeterminability). This paper aims to develop a framework to navigate this challenge.Design/methodology/approachA critical approach to “scientific” design research is developed by examining the notion of (in)determinism, with particular attention to the observer-based projection of systemic boundaries, and the constructivist understanding of how such boundaries are constituted. This is illustrated using automata theory. A decision-making framework is then developed based on a diagram known as the epistemological triangle.FindingsThe navigation between determinism as a property of the observed, and determinability as a property of the observer follows the navigation between realist and constructivist perspectives, and thus has a bearing on the navigation of the kinds of design research distinguished by Frayling, and their implied primary evaluation criteria.Research limitations/implicationsThe presented argument advocates a constructivist view, which, however, is not meant to imply a rejection of, but rather, an additional degree of freedom extending the realist view.Originality/valueThis discussion contributes to the establishment of observational determinability as observer-dependent. The proposed framework connects the navigation between deterministic observables and determining observers to the navigation between the design criteria form, meaning and utility. This may be of value within and beyond design research.
Perspective of zinc oxide based thin film transistors: a comprehensive review
Authors: Kandpal Kavindra , Gupta Navneet 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a comprehensive review on development and future trends in zinc oxide thin film transistors (ZnO TFTs). This paper presents the development of TFT technology starting from amorphous silicon, poly-Si to ZnO TFTs. This paper also discusses about transport and device modeling of ZnO TFT and provides a comparative analysis with other TFTs on the basis of performance parameters.

Design/methodology/approach
It highlights the need of high–k dielectrics for low leakage and low threshold voltage in ZnO TFTs. This paper also explains the effect of grain boundaries, trap densities and threshold voltage shift on the performance of ZnO TFT. Moreover, it also addresses the challenges like requirement of stable p-type ZnO semiconductor for various electronic applications and high value of ZnO mobility to meet growing demand of high-definition light emitting diode TV (HD-LED TV).

Findings
This review will motivate the readers to further investigate the conduction mechanism, best alternate for gate-dielectric and the deposition technique optimization for the enhancement of the performance of ZnO TFTs.

Originality/value
This is a literature review. The technological evolution of TFT in general and ZnO TFT in particular is presented in this paper.
The bounds of liberty: lessons learnt from treating a man with alcohol use disorder, autism and learning disability
Authors: Drake Alexander C.L. , Hank Dietmar , Edwards Richard , Ensum Ian , Bateman Lee 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
A man in his 40s with alcohol use disorder, learning disability and autism was referred to the learning disability team due to anxiety and low mood. He had been abstinent from alcohol for ten years prior to a recent relapse. The purpose of this paper is to describe his case.

Design/methodology/approach
Treatment was person centred, followed standard practice for clients with alcohol use disorder and targeted harm minimisation. Initially, alcohol consumption reduced; however, at month three, he relapsed. Thereafter, he was repeatedly admitted to inpatient settings, drank excessively and engaged in risky behaviours.

Findings
Conventional approaches to treating alcohol dependence may not be entirely appropriate for this client group. The client’s alcohol consumption was only curtailed with the use of restrictions to his liberty agreed by him and incorporated into his tenancy agreement.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper to discuss issues pertaining to people with co-occurring learning disability, autism and alcohol dependence. The authors discuss the use of restrictions, reasonable adjustments and policy issues relevant to treating this complex client group.
CQC inspection reports for acute NHS trusts: are there relationships between the comments in inspection reports regarding people with learning disabilities and CQC hospital/trust ratings?
Authors: Baines Susannah , Hatton Chris 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
People with learning disabilities are at risk of poor health and premature death. Due to these inequalities, NHS trusts are required to make reasonable adjustments to their care, such as longer appointment times, with the legal duty on them being “anticipatory”. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
Secondary analysis of CQC acute hospital inspection reports asking the following research questions: Do CQC inspection reports mention people with learning disabilities? Where issues concerning people with learning disabilities are reported in CQC hospital inspection reports, what issues and reasonable adjustments are reported? Are there any relationships between comments made in the inspection reports and CQC ratings of the trusts?

Findings
In total, 29 of the 30 trust-wide inspection reports (97 per cent) and 58 of the 61 specific site reports (95 per cent) included at least one mention of people with learning disability/ies. Most comments about practices for people with learning disabilities were positive across all CQC inspection output types and across all CQC overall ratings, although the proportion of positive comments decreased and the proportion of negative comments increased as CQC ratings became less positive.

Research limitations/implications
Overall the authors found that CQC inspection reports routinely contained some information regarding how well the hospitals were working for people with learning disabilities. The depth of information in reports varied across trusts, with the potential for CQC reports to more consistently report information collected during inspections.

Originality/value
The report updates and extends a report published by the Public Health England Learning Disabilities Observatory in 2015.
Transforming care: problems and possible solutions
Authors: Sinclair Neil 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to raise issues about Transforming Care (TC) and discuss possible solutions.

Design/methodology/approach
Reflections and commentary on Transforming Care following Painter et al.’s article on correlates for the risk of admission to specialist hospitals.

Findings
Concerns are raised about the initial assumptions of TC, in particular the composition of the inpatient group and impact of the existing legal framework on reducing this population. The lack of cohesion between Care and Treatment Reviews and Care Programme Approach reviews is noted, and combining meetings is suggested.

Originality/value
The relevance of Wolfensberger’s social devaluation analysis is explored and O’Brien’s Personal Futures Planning is recommended as a potential way of drawing these currently disparate approaches together around the individual client.