bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conventional sunscreen application does not lead to sufficient body coverage
Authors: Jovanovic Z. , Schornstein T. , Sutor A. , Neufang G. , Hagens R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to assess sunscreen application habits and relative body coverage after single whole body application.MethodsFifty‐two healthy volunteers were asked to use the test product once, following their usual sunscreen application routine. Standardized UV photographs, which were evaluated by Image Analysis, were conducted before and immediately after product application to evaluate relative body coverage. In addition to these procedures, the volunteers completed an online self‐assessment questionnaire to assess sunscreen usage habits.ResultsAfter product application, the front side showed significantly less non‐covered skin (4.35%) than the backside (17.27%) (P = 0.0000). Females showed overall significantly less non‐covered skin (8.98%) than males (13.16%) (P = 0.0381). On the backside, females showed significantly less non‐covered skin (13.57%) (P = 0.0045) than males (21.94%), while on the front side, this difference between females (4.14%) and males (4.53%) was not significant.ConclusionIn most cases, the usual sunscreen application routine does not provide complete body coverage even though an extra light sunscreen with good absorption properties was used. On average, 11% of the body surface was not covered by sunscreen at all. Therefore, appropriate consumer education is required to improve sunscreen application and to warrant effective sun protection.
Common components and specific weights analysis for the discrimination and evaluation of vegetable oil quality
Authors: Ferreira Maresa Custódio Molinari , Macedo dos Santos Poliana , Rampazzo Valéria , Bona Evandro , Sanchez Jorge Leonardo , Maciel Giselle Maria , Haminiuk Charles Windson Isidoro 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to assess the quality of different vegetable oils by applying common components and specific weights analysis as a tool for the evaluation and discrimination of chromatography, spectral and physicochemical data. This multiblock method of data analysis divided the data into three common components, corresponding to 56.44%, 34.74% and 8.77% of variance, and it was influenced mostly by chromatography, physicochemical and spectral data, respectively. Gas chromatography, which was used for discrimination of the botanical origin of oil and the groups of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, was situated in the first common dimension; physicochemical analysis, which was applied to evaluate quality parameters such as acid and saponification value and determine the stability of the product, was situated in the second common dimension.FTIRanalysis, by exerting a minor influence on the common dimensions, was considered dispensable in evaluating the quality of vegetable oils by common components and specific weights analysis. Therefore, multiblock analysis could efficiently discriminate vegetable oils.
‘I – from dreams to reality’: A Case Study of Developing Youngsters’ Self‐Efficacy and Social Skills through an Arts Educational Project in Schools
Authors: Ruokonen Inkeri 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis is a case study of a one‐year arts educational project ‘I – from dreams to reality’ in which artists worked at school with teachers and learning at the school was planned through arts‐based, co‐operative teamwork during one extra school year of 10th grade students in Finnish basic education. The theme of the year was ‘I’, and so the project was designed to highlight everyone's own way of thinking and expressing art. The research task was to determine whether long‐term holistic arts pedagogy and artist co‐operation at school have any significant connection to students’ self‐efficacy and social skills. Data has been collected through students’ self‐evaluations before and after the school year. Altogether 40 students from 10th grade participated in this case study. Half of the pupils participated in an arts educational project called ‘I – from dreams to reality’ and half formed the control group. Artists worked with the test group weekly during a period of one school year (altogether nine months). Students’ self‐evaluations concerning their self‐efficacy and social behaviour were collected by e‐questionnaire. The measures used were Likert‐based evaluation scores of pupils’ self‐assessment of their self‐efficacy and social behaviour in everyday situations at school. According to the results, artist–teacher co‐operation and learning through the arts can be worthwhile experiences to develop students’ self‐efficacy and social skills.
Apoptosis inhibition of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) peritoneal macrophages by Piscirickettsia salmonis
Authors: Díaz S , Rojas M E , Galleguillos M , Maturana C , Smith P I , Cifuentes F , Contreras I , Smith P A 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo improve the understanding of the piscirickettsiosis pathogenesis, the in vivo apoptosis modulation of peritoneal macrophages and lymphocytes was studied in juvenile Salmo salar intraperitoneally injected with Piscirickettsia salmonis. Five fish were sampled at post‐exposure days 1, 5, 8 (preclinical), 20 (clinical) and 40 (post‐clinical period of the disease), and the leucocytes of their coelomic washings were analysed by flow cytometry (using the JC‐1 cationic dye), TUNEL and cytology to detect apoptotic cells. A selective and temporal pattern of apoptosis modulation by P. salmonis infection was observed. Apoptosis in lymphocytes was not affected, whereas it was inhibited in macrophages but only during the preclinical stage of the induced piscirickettsiosis. Hence, it is postulated that P. salmonis inhibits macrophage apoptosis at the beginning of the disease development to survive, multiply and probably be transported inside these phagocytes; once this process is complete, macrophage apoptosis is no longer inhibited, thus facilitating the exit of the bacteria from the infected cells for continuing their life cycle.
Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification‐based proteomic analysis that reveals the roles of progesterone receptor, inflammation, and fibrosis for slow‐transit constipation
Authors: Li Yuwei , Yu Yongjun , Li Shuyuan , Zhang Mingqing , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Xipeng , Shi Yang , Zhang Shiwu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and AimProgesterone receptor, inflammation, neurotransmitter expression, and fibrosis are involved in slow‐transit constipation. The aim of the present study was to examine whether patients with slow‐transit constipation have an overexpression of progesterone receptor and serotonin, which may impair the fibrosis of muscularis propria in colorectal wall.MethodsHigh‐resolution colon manometry was used to record the colorectal peristaltic contractions of the proximal ascending and sigmoid colon in patients. Protein samples prepared from frozen sigmoid colon tissue and the proximal margin of the ascending colon of four female patients were compared using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification labeling technique coupled to 2D liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Immunohistochemical staining of progesterone receptor, serotonin, and fibronectin was performed in paraffin‐embedded sigmoid colon tissues and the proximal margin of the ascending colon or ileum from 43 patients with slow‐transit constipation.ResultsAmong these differentially regulated proteins based on isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis, 56 proteins involved in the response to progesterone, inflammation, matrix remodeling, fibrosis, and muscle metabolism. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that there was significantly higher expression of progesterone receptor (t = 19.19, P = 0.000) and serotonin (t = 13.52, P = 0.004) in sigmoid colon than in the proximal margin of the ascending colon and ileum. Progesterone receptor and fibronectin expression in the outer layer of muscularis propria were higher than in the middle layer.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that progesterone receptor, along with inflammation and fibrosis, may take part in slow‐transit constipation development.
Spinal nociceptive circuit analysis with recombinant adeno‐associated viruses: the impact of serotypes and promoters
Authors: Haenraets Karen , Foster Edmund , Johannssen Helge , Kandra Vinnie , Frezel Noémie , Steffen Timothy , Jaramillo Valeria , Paterna Jean‐Charles , Zeilhofer Hanns Ulrich , Wildner Hendrik 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecombinant adeno‐associated virus (rAAV) vector‐mediated gene transfer into genetically defined neuron subtypes has become a powerful tool to study the neuroanatomy of neuronal circuits in the brain and to unravel their functions. More recently, this methodology has also become popular for the analysis of spinal cord circuits. To date, a variety of naturally occurring AAV serotypes and genetically modified capsid variants are available but transduction efficiency in spinal neurons, target selectivity, and the ability for retrograde tracing are only incompletely characterized. Here, we have compared the transduction efficiency of seven commonly used AAV serotypes after intraspinal injection. We specifically analyzed local transduction of different types of dorsal horn neurons, and retrograde transduction of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and of neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) and the somatosensory cortex (S1). Our results show that most of the tested rAAV vectors have similar transduction efficiency in spinal neurons. All serotypes analyzed were also able to transduce DRG neurons and descending RVM and S1 neurons via their spinal axon terminals. When comparing the commonly used rAAV serotypes to the recently developed serotype 2 capsid variant rAAV2retro, a > 20‐fold increase in transduction efficiency of descending supraspinal neurons was observed. Conversely, transgene expression in retrogradely transduced neurons was strongly reduced when the human synapsin 1 (hSyn1) promoter was used instead of the strong ubiquitous hybrid cytomegalovirus enhancer/chicken β‐actin promoter (CAG) or cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter fragments. We conclude that the use of AAV2retro greatly increases transduction of neurons connected to the spinal cord via their axon terminals, while the hSyn1 promoter can be used to minimize transgene expression in retrogradely connected neurons of the DRG or brainstem.Cover Image for this issue: doi. 10.1111/jnc.13813.
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Regulation of synaptic acetylcholine concentrations by acetylcholine transport in rat striatal cholinergic transmission
Authors: Muramatsu Ikunobu , Uwada Junsuke , Masuoka Takayoshi , Yoshiki Hatsumi , Sada Kiyonao , Lee Kung‐Shing , Nishio Matomo , Ishibashi Takaharu , Taniguchi Takanobu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn addition to hydrolysis by acetylcholine esterase (AChE), acetylcholine (ACh) is also directly taken up into brain tissues. In this study, we examined whether the uptake of ACh is involved in the regulation of synaptic ACh concentrations. Superfusion experiments with rat striatal segments pre‐incubated with [3H]choline were performed using an ultra‐mini superfusion vessel, which was developed to minimize superfusate retention within the vessel. Hemicholinium‐3 (HC‐3) at concentrations less than 1 μM, selectively inhibited the uptake of [3H]choline by the high affinity‐choline transporter 1 and had no effect on basal and electrically evoked [3H]efflux in superfusion experiments. In contrast, HC‐3 at higher concentrations, as well as tetraethylammonium (>10 μM), which inhibited the uptake of both [3H]choline and [3H]ACh, increased basal [3H]overflow and potentiated electrically evoked [3H]efflux. These effects of HC‐3 and tetraethylammonium were also observed under conditions where tissue AChE was irreversibly inactivated by diisopropylfluorophosphate. Specifically, the potentiation of evoked [3H]efflux was significantly higher in AChE‐inactivated preparations and was attenuated by atropine. On the other hand, striatal segments pre‐incubated with [3H]ACh failed to increase [3H]overflow in response to electrical stimulation. These results show that synaptic ACh concentrations are significantly regulated by the postsynaptic uptake of ACh, as well as by AChE hydrolysis and modulation of ACh release mediated through presynaptic muscarinic ACh receptors. In addition, these data suggest that the recycling of ACh‐derived choline may be minor in cholinergic terminals. This study reveals a new mechanism of cholinergic transmission in the central nervous system.
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A descriptive qualitative study of perceptions of parents on their child's vaccination
Authors: Kurup Liana , He Hong‐Gu , Wang Xuefei , Wang Wenru , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore the perceptions of parents on their child's vaccination in Singapore.BackgroundVaccination is a key part of health care, and the management of vaccination for children has gained increasing interest globally. Previous studies found that parents had multiple concerns and low confidence in making vaccination decisions for their children. As no study in this area has been conducted in Singapore, the views and needs of parents regarding their child's vaccination remain unknown.DesignDescriptive qualitative study.MethodsPurposive sampling was used to recruit 19 parents of children undergoing routine vaccination in a clinic in Singapore. Semistructured face‐to‐face or telephone interviews were conducted using an interview guide and were audiorecorded. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsThe thematic analysis generated four themes from 15 subthemes. Theme 1 summarised the factors promoting vaccination uptake, theme 2 was factors impeding vaccination compliance, theme 3 described parents' supportive roles before, during and after the vaccination, and theme 4 was about parents' need for improvement in vaccination services, information and communication with healthcare professionals.ConclusionsThis study provided insight into parental views, experiences and needs regarding their child's vaccination. The results suggest a need for developing intervention programmes addressing information needs and pain management strategies to improve parents' experiences regarding their children's vaccination.Relevance to clinical practiceHealthcare professionals and policymakers should take actions to improve parents' experiences regarding their child's vaccination by minimising the impeding factors and improving services, information provided and communications with parents.
Mesenchymal stem cells and their immunosuppressive role in transplantation tolerance
Authors: Contreras‐Kallens Pamina , Terraza Claudia , Oyarce Karina , Gajardo Tania , Campos‐Mora Mauricio , Barroilhet María Teresa , Álvarez Carla , Fuentes Ricardo , Figueroa Fernando , Khoury Maroun , Pino‐Lagos Karina 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSince they were first described, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to have important effector mechanisms and the potential for use in cell therapy. A great deal of research has been focused on unveiling how MSCs contribute to anti‐inflammatory responses, including describing several cell populations involved and identifying soluble and other effector molecules. In this review, we discuss some of the contemporary evidence for use of MSCs in the field of immune tolerance, with a special emphasis on transplantation. Although considerable effort has been devoted to understanding the biological function of MSCs, additional resources are required to clarify the mechanisms of their induction of immune tolerance, which will undoubtedly lead to improved clinical outcomes for MSC‐based therapies.
Water loss and metabolic activity in bed bug eggs (Cimex lectularius)
Authors: Campbell Brittany E. , Miller Dini M. , Devries Zachary C. , Appel Arthur G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFew studies have evaluated water loss and respiratory activity of insect eggs, particularly insects that are known to live within indoor environments. The present study quantifies water loss and respiratory activity for the eggs of a re‐emerging indoor pest of human environments Cimex lectularius (L.). Water loss is measured gravimetrically and calculated as a function of chorion permeability. For these studies, bed bug eggs are placed at 0% relative humidity and repeatedly weighed over 48 h. Temperature effects and bed bug strain differences on the standard metabolic rate (SMR) and respiratory quotient are measured using closed system respirometry. The SMR (; mL g−1 h−1) is measured for two field strain bed bugs and compared with a laboratory strain held at one temperature (25 °C). The standard metabolic rate is measured for Harlan (laboratory) strain bed bug eggs at six different temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 39 °C). Total water loss is not significantly different between all three strains. However, water loss across the chorion (chorion permeability) is significantly different between the Harlan laboratory strain and the two field collected strains. Standard metabolic rates for Harlan (laboratory) strain bed bug eggs increase with temperatures from 15 to 35 °C but decline at 39 °C. Overall, the Harlan bed bug eggs have the largest standard metabolic rates (0.18 ± 0.05 mL g−1 h−1) compared with the Epic Center strain eggs (0.14 ± 0.03 mL g−1 h−1) and Richmond strain eggs (0.16 ± 0.04 mL g−1 h−1), although this difference is not significant.
Neural responses to social and monetary reward in early adolescence and emerging adulthood
Authors: Ethridge Paige , Kujawa Autumn , Dirks Melanie A. , Arfer Kodi B. , Kessel Ellen M. , Klein Daniel N. , Weinberg Anna 
Published: July 2017

AbstractReward processing is often considered to be a monolithic construct, with different incentive types eliciting equivalent neural and behavioral responses. The majority of the literature on reward processing has used monetary incentives to elicit reward‐related activity, yet social incentives may be particularly important due to their powerful ability to shape behavior. Findings from studies comparing social and monetary rewards have identified both overlapping and distinct responses. In order to explore whether reward processing is domain general or category specific (i.e., the same or different across reward types), the present study recorded ERPs from early adolescents (ages 12–13) and emerging adults (ages 18–25) while they completed social and monetary reward tasks. Temporospatial principal components analysis revealed morphologically similar reward positivities (RewPs) in the social and monetary reward tasks in each age group. In early adolescents, no significant difference was found between the magnitude of the RewP to social and monetary rewards. In emerging adults, however, the RewP to monetary rewards was significantly larger than the RewP to social rewards. Additionally, responses to feedback between the two tasks were not significantly correlated in either age group. These results suggest that both domain‐general and category‐specific processes underlie neural responses to rewards and that the relative incentive value of different types of rewards may change across development. Findings from this study have important implications for understanding the role that neural response to rewards plays in the development of psychopathology during adolescence.
Health promotion in specialist and community care: how a broadly applicable health promotion intervention influences patient's sense of coherence
Authors: Heggdal Kristin , Lovaas Beate Jelstad 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundChronic illness health interventions aim to strengthen individuals' wellness resources, in addition to their ability to handle their condition. This presupposes a partnership between patients and professionals and flexibility in care organization.AimThis study aims to investigate possible changes in individuals' sense of coherence while living with long‐term illness as they engage in a broadly applicable health promotion intervention developed in specialist care settings that was later implemented in the community care context.MethodThis study had a pre–postdesign. Sense of coherence was measured using the SOC‐29 questionnaire at baseline and within 14 days of programme completion. The total baseline sample included 108 Norwegian adults (aged 21–89) with chronic illness. Data were analysed using paired samples t‐tests.ResultsIn both clinical sites, the total sample's mean SOC score changed positively from the baseline to the follow‐up 4 months later. This change was larger for the participants in the community care context. Manageability increased significantly for women. Significant positive changes in SOC score and the manageability dimension were also identified among participants who had children. Similar findings were found for those who were living with a partner, as well as for public transfer payment recipients.ConclusionThe intervention contributed to a positive change in participants' SOC while living with illness. The findings revealed that the intervention is a flexible health promotion tool across age, diagnostic categories and clinical sites. The community participants' SOC changed the most, which indicates that the intervention is especially relevant in the follow‐up of persons living with long‐term illness within the community. The intervention contributes to a shift of perspectives in health care towards strenght‐based care and health within illness.
Ultrasonographic features of insulinoma in six ferrets
Authors: Wu Ruey‐Shyuan , Liu Yi‐Jing , Chu Che‐Chu , Heng Hock Gan , Chia Min‐Yuan , Wang Hsien‐Chi , Chen Kuan‐Sheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInsulinoma is a functional, insulin‐secreting tumor, arising from the beta islet cells of the pancreas. It is one of the most common neoplasms in ferrets and has been associated with clinical signs of hypoglycemia, such as ptyalism, pawing at the mouth, seizures, lethargy, and coma. The ultrasonographic features of insulinoma in ferrets have not been previously reported. The purpose of this retrospective case series study was to describe the ultrasonographic features of confirmed insulinoma in a group of ferrets. Inclusion criteria were abdominal ultrasound examination and histological confirmed insulinoma by surgical biopsy. Six ferrets met the inclusion criteria, all of which had multiple hypoglycemic episodes. Ultrasonographic images were reviewed and the characteristics of the pancreatic nodules were recorded. Twenty‐eight pancreatic nodules were observed in the six ferrets and were primarily hypoechoic (89.3%, 25/28) and homogenous (46.4%, 13/28) with a smooth margin (78.6%, 22/28). The distribution of the pancreatic nodules was 46.4% in the left lobe, 50% in the right lobe, and 3.6% in the body of the pancreas. The sizes of the pancreatic nodules varied from 1.5 × 1.5 to 4.1 × 5.6 mm. All of the pancreatic nodules removed from surgery were histopathologically confirmed as insulinoma. The findings indicated that insulinoma in ferrets could be detected through ultrasonography, which may facilitate diagnosis and preoperative surgical planning.