bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head-on collision of internal waves with trapped cores
Authors: Maderich Vladimir , Jung Kyung Tae , Terletska Kateryna , Kim Kyeong Ok 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The dynamics and energetics of a head-on collision of internal solitary waves (ISWs) with trapped cores propagating in a thin pycnocline were studied numerically within the framework of the Navier–Stokes equations for a stratified fluid. The peculiarity of this collision is that it involves trapped masses of a fluid. The interaction of ISWs differs for three classes of ISWs: (i) weakly non-linear waves without trapped cores, (ii) stable strongly non-linear waves with trapped cores, and (iii) shear unstable strongly non-linear waves. The wave phase shift of the colliding waves with equal amplitude grows as the amplitudes increase for colliding waves of classes (i) and (ii) and remains almost constant for those of class (iii). The excess of the maximum run-up amplitude, normalized by the amplitude of the waves, over the sum of the amplitudes of the equal colliding waves increases almost linearly with increasing amplitude of the interacting waves belonging to classes (i) and (ii); however, it decreases somewhat for those of class (iii). The colliding waves of class (ii) lose fluid trapped by the wave cores when amplitudes normalized by the thickness of the pycnocline are in the range of approximately between 1 and 1.75. The interacting stable waves of higher amplitude capture cores and carry trapped fluid in opposite directions with little mass loss. The collision of locally shear unstable waves of class (iii) is accompanied by the development of instability. The dependence of loss of energy on the wave amplitude is not monotonic. Initially, the energy loss due to the interaction increases as the wave amplitude increases. Then, the energy losses reach a maximum due to the loss of potential energy of the cores upon collision and then start to decrease. With further amplitude growth, collision is accompanied by the development of instability and an increase in the loss of energy. The collision process is modified for waves of different amplitudes because of the exchange of trapped fluid between colliding waves due to the conservation of momentum.
Acontecimento e visualidade na escola: um estudo sobre as imagens de uma ocupação imagética
Authors: Junger Victor 
Published: December 2017

Procuro pensar a multiplicidade de relações estabelecidas entre os praticantes e as imagens fotográficas em meio à ocupação imagética realizada no colégio, no âmbito de minha pesquisa de mestrado, tomando a sua aparição momentânea como acontecimento de criação da escola, assim como das visibilidades presididas em seus contextos. Para tanto, apenas me deterei sobre os deslocamentos e desaparecimentos das fotografias no dispositivo da ocupação, bem como acerca das rasuras e inscrições marcadas na superfície das imagens, como indícios de um território dinâmico, polêmico, e não menos poético, desta visualidade que, incessante, se faz instaurar nos espaços e tempos da escola. AbstractLooking for thinking the multiplicity of relations between practitioners and photographic images through the imagistic occupation held at the college as part of my master's research, taking its momentary appearance as a happening of school creation, as well as chaired the visibilities in their contexts. To do so, just dwell on the displacements and disappearances of the photos in the occupation dispositive, as well as about the erasures and markings to the surface of the images as evidence of a dynamic, controversial territory, and no less poetic, of this visuality that, incessantly, is made in the spaces and times of the school. ResumenBusco pensar la multiplicidad de relaciones establecidas entre los practicantes y las imágenes fotográficas en medio a la ocupación imagética realizada en el colegio, en el ámbito de mi investigación de maestría, tomando su aparición momentánea como acontecimiento de creación de la escuela, así como de las visibilidades presididas en sus contextos. Para ello, sólo me detendré sobre los desplazamientos y desapariciones de las fotografías en el dispositivo de la ocupación, así como sobre las rasuras e inscripciones marcadas en la superficie de las imágenes, como indicios de un territorio dinámico, polémico, y no menos poético, de esta visualidad que, incesante, se hace instaurar en los espacios y tiempos de la escuela.
Trends in United States Drug Shortages for Medications Used in Gastroenterology
Authors: Patel Jigar M. , Fox Erin R. , Zocchi Mark , Lee Zone-En , Mazer-Amirshahi Maryann 
Published: December 2017

Introduction Drug shortages have become more severe in recent years; however, data describing how such shortages impact gastroenterology (GI) drugs are limited. We characterize longitudinal trends of drug shortages in the USA within the scope of GI practice. Methods Drug shortage data from the University of Utah Drug Information Service were analyzed from January 2001 to December 2014. A board certified gastroenterologist, an internal medicine physician, and a clinical pharmacist identified drug shortages within the scope of GI practice, whether they are used for high-acuity conditions, availability, formulation, or therapeutic category. Trends in the length of shortages for GI drugs were described using standard descriptive statistics and regression analysis. Results A total of 1,774 drug shortages were reported over the 14-year period. Of those, 253 shortages (14.3%) were classified within the scope of GI practice. The number of newly-reported GI drug shortages increased from 15 in 2001 to 44 in 2014. The majority of GI drugs (55.7%) were parenteral and 102 shortages (40.3%) were single source drugs. By the end of the study period, 44 (17.4%) GI drugs remained on active shortage with a median duration of 24.3 months (interquartile range [IQR] 6.9–32.1). The median duration for resolved shortages of GI drugs was 7.7 months (IQR 2.9–17.6). Conclusions There was a significant increase in shortages of drugs used in GI practice from 2001 to 2014. Many of these drugs were used for high-acuity conditions and alternative agents were also impacted. Gastroenterologists must be cognizant of current shortages in order to mitigate impact on patient care.
O papel da política de saúde sobre as desigualdades nas regiões do Brasil
Authors: Schenkel Marina Do Amaral 
Published: December 2017

Nesta pesquisa buscou-se analisar o papel da política de saúde frente as persistentes desigualdades em saúde, observando o atual debate sobre a mudança de padrão de investimentos em políticas públicas do país. Para tanto, as unidades de análise foram as regiões de saúde de todo o país, com dados secundários e metodologia com abordagem de natureza quantitativa. Como referencial teórico, utilizou-se a literatura sobre as origens e a situação da pobreza e desigualdade de renda no Brasil, como de Medeiros (2005, 2012) e Pochmann (2015), bem como as teorias explicativas e definições conceituais das desigualdades em saúde a partir da dimensão socioeconômica de indivíduos e grupos, abordadas por Barata (2009), Buss e Pellegrini Filho (2007) e Whitehead (1990). Foram analisados estudos sobre a forma que o sistema de saúde pode incidir para potencializar ou reduzir essas desigualdades e o contexto e organização do sistema brasileiro. As análises apontaram a existência de significativas diferenças na distribuição da renda e da condição de saúde entre as regiões, bem como variações na oferta de serviços e no gasto do sistema de saúde. Ademais, demonstrou-se que a taxa de mortalidade infantil está correlacionada de forma elevada e negativa tanto com a renda mensal per capita dos habitantes quanto com o gasto investido no sistema de saúde.
The New Paradigm of the Omnichannel Retailing: Key Drivers, New Challenges and Potential Outcomes Resulting from the Adoption of an Omnichannel Approach
Authors: Simone Aiolfi , Sabbadin Edoardo 
Published: December 2017

The rise of the Internet, mobile technologies and digital disruption have changed the retail business as well as the implementation of the levers of retail mix and the behavior of shoppers. Online channel has become an appealing channel where retailers can sell their products and services. The proliferation of channels and touch points has affected not only consumer behavior but also companies' business models. Many retailers have started to develop multichannel and omnichannel strategies by adding new channels through which interact with the customers. Retailers are now concentrating on how shoppers are influenced by new technologies and how they switch across channels during their research and buying process. Omnichannel retailing, defined as the conceptualization of the complete integration of all channels, with no distinction between the online and the physical channel, is the new retailing paradigm of today. The topic itself is particularly relevant as technological development continue to disrupt retail strategies and practitioners are debating as to how to respond. Particularly, managers are worried about how to manage the several touch points, which are now simultaneously available to customers. Concerning with the present research, we attempt to describe this development by analyzing the existing literature about topics that we can classify within the omnichannel paradigm. In order to explain how both literature and business models are moving from multichannel retailing towards the implementation of omnichannel strategies, we follow a blended approach based on literature review, theoretical background as well as some interesting managerial insights resulting from business’ case histories. To address the concerns of managers and retailers about the new challenges they will need to face in implementing an omnichannel retailing approach, we present a theoretical framework, concerning with the adoption of the omnichannel as an innovative strategy in the overall marketing strategies. To deal with the topic we start from three research questions that guide our literature review as well as our theoretical framework. We investigate what are the key drivers that have stimulated retailers to develop an omnichannel retailing strategy, what are the new challenges that retailers will need to face when they decide to implement an omnichannel strategy in their overall marketing strategy and finally what are the possible outcomes of a correct and successful implementation of an omnichannel retailing strategy. Therefore, our theoretical framework explains key drivers, new challenges and potential outcomes coming from the adoption of the omnichannel retailing in order to help managers and practitioners who might decide to enter the omnichannel retailing.
A HISTÓRICA VIOLÊNCIA DE LONGA DURAÇÃO DAS ELITES BRASILEIRASHist
Authors: Gomes Lilian Cristina Bernardo 
Published: December 2017

<p>RESUMO</p><p>Os processos de colonização estão imbuídos de uma violência pela ambição de conquista e acúmulo. No Brasil, isso não foi diferente e os 350 anos de escravização de negras e negros pelas elites portuguesas é uma marca desse processo. Contudo, mesmo após a Independência (1822), a Abolição da Escravidão (1888) e a Proclamação da República as próprias elites brasileiras buscaram modos de perpetuar essa violência em função de uma hierarquia social, econômica, política e simbólica com padrões que marcaram a história de longa duração do Brasil pautados no patriarcalismo, patrimonialismo, machismo, sexismo, racismo e homofobia. O presente artigo perpassará diferentes momentos da história do Brasil indicando que as elites brasileiras reinventaram, ao longo da história, formas de perpetuar a violência através da exclusão dos grupos não-brancos, estabelecendo hierarquizações e colocando o homem, branco, proprietário e heterossexual no topo da pirâmide num processo de subalternização dos outros grupos.</p><p> </p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p> </p><p>The processes of colonization around the world are pervaded by violence that has its roots in the ambition of conquest and accumulation. In Brazil, that was not different and the 350 years of enslavement of black people by the Portuguese elites marks this process. However, even after the Independence of Brazil (1822), Slavery Abolition (1888) and Proclamation of the Republic, the Brazilian elites sought ways in order to perpetuate violence based on social, economic, political and symbolic hierarchy with patterns that marked a <em>longue durée</em> history of patriarchalism, patrimonialism, chauvinism, sexism, racism and homophobia. Thus, the elites naturalized themselves as holders of the power and the market in Brazil. This article will cover different moments in Brazilian history, indicating how the elites they have reinvented, throughout history, ways of perpetuating violence by excluding nonwhite groups, establishing hierarchies and placing the men, not only white, but owner and heterosexual on the top of the pyramid in a process of subalternity of the other groups.</p><p>KEY WORDS: elites, racism, patriarchalism, violence, subalternity. </p>
Sideritis scardica extracts inhibit aggregation and toxicity of amyloid-β in Caenorhabditis elegans used as a model for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Heiner Felix , Feistel Björn , Wink Michael 
Published: December 2017

Background. Beyond its traditional uses in the Balkan area, Sideritis scardica (known as Greek mountain tea, Lamiaceae) is currently extensively investigated for its pharmacological activity in the central nervous system. Antidepressant, psychostimulating, cognition-enhancing and neuroprotective properties have been described. In this study, we tested hydroalcoholic extracts of S. scardica for their potential to counteract amyloid-β toxicity and aggregation, which plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Methods. For this purpose, we have chosen the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which is used as a model organism for neurodegenerative diseases. The concentration of different polyphenols in extracts prepared from water, 20, 40, 50, and 70 % ethanol was analysed by HPLC. Additionally, polar and unpolar fractions were prepared from the 40 % ethanolic extract and phytochemically analysed.
Results. Essentially, the contents of all measured constituents increased with the lipophilicity of the extraction solvents. Treatment of transgenic C. elegans strains expressing amyloid-β with the extracts resulted in a reduced number of peptide aggregates in the head region of the worms and alleviated toxicity of amyloid-β, observable through the degree of paralysed animals. The mid-polar extracts (40 and 50 % ethanol) turned out be the most active, decreasing the plaque number by 21 % and delaying the amyloid-β-induced paralysis by up to 3.5 h. The more lipophilic extract fractions exhibited higher activity than the hydrophilic ones.
Discussion. Sideritis scardica extracts demonstrated pharmacological activity against characteristics of Alzheimer's disease also in C. elegans, supporting current efforts to assess its potential for the treatment of cognitive decline. The active principle as well as the mode of action needs to be investigated in more detail.
HIT POLYNOMIALS AND EXCESS IN THE MOD P STEENROD ALGEBRA
Authors: Meyer Dagmar M. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractLet $p$ be an odd prime. The primary purpose of this paper is to determine the excess of the conjugates of the Steenrod operations $\mrm{P}[k;f]$, which are defined as $\mrm{P}[k;f]:=\mrm{P}(p^{k-1}f)\cdot\mrm{P}(p^{k-2}f)\cdot\cdots\cdot\mrm{P}(pf)\cdot\mrm{P}(f)$. The result is then used to obtain sufficient conditions for an element in the polynomial algebra $\mathbb{F}_p[x_1,\dots,x_s]$ to be in the image under the standard action of the Steenrod algebra. Results and methods are generalizations of previous work by Judith Silverman and by myself with Judith Silverman.AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 55S10. Secondary 55S05
WITCHCRAFT, SEXUALITY, AND
COLONIZATION IN THE EARLY MODERN
WORLD
Authors: WALSHAM ALEXANDRA 
Published: July 2002

Thinking with demons: the idea of witchcraft in early modern
Europe.
By Stuart Clark. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1997. Pp. xvii+827. ISBN 0–19–820001–3.
£75.00.The darker side of the Renaissance: literacy, territoriality, and

colonization. By Walter
D. Mignolo. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1995. Pp. xxii+426.

ISBN 0–472–10327. $39.50.Oedipus and the devil: witchcraft, sexuality, and religion in
early modern Europe. By Lyndal
Roper. London: Routledge, 1995. Pp. ix+254. ISBN 0–415–10581–1.
£13.99.As Professor Richard Evans's spirited In defence of history
attests, postmodernism
continues to arouse strong passions and suspicions among distinguished
practitioners of
the discipline. This is hardly surprising: in their most extreme and undiluted
form, the
theories of Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Hayden White, and more particularly

their many disciples, are stubbornly corrosive of the ethos and rationale
of history as
conventionally taught and written. To insist that the production of knowledge
is
inherently – indeed insidiously – political, and to claim that
the veil of language which
divides us from the past can never be pierced is to unsettle many traditional

epistemological assumptions. And yet postmodernism and the so-called ‘linguistic
turn’
have posed timely and fundamental questions about truth, discourse, and
objectivity
which historians can ill afford to ignore. They have also helped to generate
some of the
most innovative and provocative historical writing in recent years. In
different ways,
each of the books under review engages with and reacts to the swirling
debate about this
influential and controversial body of ideas. All three make strenuous demands
upon
their readers; all three challenge us to reflect critically upon the methodologies
we
employ and the categories, concepts, polarities, and narrative paradigms
to which we
instinctively resort. Taken together they highlight both the potential
strengths and
weaknesses, the rewards and dangers of injecting theory into the study
of witchcraft,
sexuality, and colonization in early modern Europe and the New World.
The temporal stability and co-morbidity of prolonged
fatigue: a longitudinal study in primary care
Authors: HICKIE I. , KOSCHERA A. , HADZI-PAVLOVIC D. , BENNETT B. , LLOYD A. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Depression, anxiety and fatigue are among the most common symptoms presented in
primary care. Whether such symptoms indicate discrete psychological syndromes or whether they
result from a common vulnerability is not clear. This study examined longitudinally the patterns of
co-morbidity between prolonged fatigue and other forms of psychological distress in patients
attending general practitioners.Methods. Adults attending primary care completed questionnaires designed to detect cases of
prolonged fatigue and psychological distress at presentation and 12 months later.Results. Of 652 patients, the prevalence rates of ‘prolonged fatigue’ alone, ‘psychological distress’
alone, ‘prolonged fatigue+psychological distress’ and ‘no disorder’ were 7%, 19%, 15% and
59% respectively at initial assessment. Of those patients with any prolonged fatigue syndrome
initially, 58% still reported fatigue 12 months later (representing 13% of the total sample). Most
importantly, the risk of developing prolonged fatigue was not increased in patients who initially had
psychological distress (OR = 0·95; 95% CI 0·2–3·6), neither was the risk of developing psychological
distress increased in patients who initially had prolonged fatigue (OR = 1·4; 95% CI 0·6–3·4).Conclusions. This study indicates that prolonged fatigue is a persistent diagnosis over time. The
longitudinal patterns of co-morbidity with psychological distress do not support an aetiological
model that proposes a common vulnerability factor for these disorders. Psychiatric classification
systems may be better served by treating prolonged fatigue and psychological distress as
independent disorders.
The relationship between depression and mortality in
elderly subjects with less severe dementia
Authors: JANZING J. G. E. , BOUWENS J. M. P. , TEUNISSE R. J. , VAN'T HOF M. A. , ZITMAN F. G. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Little is known about the effects of depression on the mortality rates of elderly subjects
with dementia.Methods. Logistic regression analysis, adjusting for possible confounders, was used to study the
associations between GMS-AGECAT derived syndrome and symptom measures and 12-month
mortality rates in a cohort of 73 elderly subjects who met the DSM-III-R criteria of dementia with
a median MMSE score of 19.Results. Twenty-three subjects (32%) died within the 12 month follow-up period. A baseline
diagnosis of syndromal or subsyndromal depression was associated with increased mortality. At the
symptom level mortality was predicted by higher scores on the factor ‘mood symptoms’. The effects
of interactions between depression measures and severity of dementia were not significant.Conclusions. Short-term mortality in elderly subjects with less severe dementia is predicted by the
presence of (sub) syndromal depression and by mood symptoms. The effects of depression and
severity of dementia on the mortality rates seem to be largely independent.
Shedding old assumptions and consolidating what we know: Toward an attention-based model of dreaming
Authors: Conduit Russell , Gillard Crewther Sheila , Coleman Grahame 
Published: July 2002

Most current theoretical models of dreaming are built around an assumption that dream reports collected on awakening provide unbiased sampling of previous cognitive activity during sleep. However, such data are retrospective, requiring the recall of previous mental events from sleep on awakening. Thus, it is possible that dreaming occurs throughout sleep and differences in subsequent dream reports are owing to systematic differences in our ability to recall mentation on awakening. For this reason, it cannot be concluded with certainty that sleep cognition is more predominant or in any way different during REM compared to NREM sleep. It is our contention that REM sleep and ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves do not necessarily represent “pseudosensory” stimulation of the cortex in the generation of dreams, but might rather represent enhanced arousal of attention mechanisms during sleep, which results in the subsequent recall of attended mentation on awakening.[Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Revonsuo; Solms; Vertes & Eastman]
Critical Musicology Study Day on ‘Authenticity’
Authors: Davison Annette 
Published: July 2002

The most recent of the informal Critical Musicology study days focused on the concept of authenticity in popular music. The day consisted of seven short papers on this subject and was followed by a group discussion of issues raised by these papers.In his opening paper, ‘ “We stripped it apart like a car and put it back together totally again”: music's authenticity-speak in the age of digital technology, c.1985’, Dai Griffiths (Oxford Brookes University) was keen to draw attention to the way that sampling technology had been interpreted, both in terms of practice and of discursive context, as a marker of identity. His historical framework made reference to earlier practices of cover and intertextual reference from the early 1960s onwards. Referring to A Tribe Called Quest and Beck, even with samples, it looked as though racial authenticity was still at issue. The role of sampling in the rendering of authenticity was also considered by Rupert Till (University College, Bretton Hall) in his paper ‘Club cultures and authenticity’. Making reference to hip-hop and dance music, he suggested that there are different authenticities for different kinds of popular music. Drawing on Sarah Thornton's (1995) study of club culture in which the underground is considered authentic and the commercial, inauthentic, Till gave examples of some of the alternative means by which it is considered possible to be financially successful and yet retain an aura of authenticity.