bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changing gender roles and relations in food provisioning among matrilineal Khasi and patrilineal Chakhesang Indigenous rural People of North‐East India
Authors: Ellena Rachele , Nongkynrih Kyrham Aurelius 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWomen's position in society, gender roles, and gender division of labour affect household food security, dietary diversity, nutritional status, and well‐being of all household members, especially children. Building on both primary and secondary data, this study explores gender roles and relations in food provisioning among the North‐East India Indigenous matrilineal Khasi and patrilineal Chakhesang Peoples, amid societal transition. With the use of a combination of ethnographic and ethnobotanical research tools, a total number of 200 informants participated in 20 focus group discussions and 28 key informant interviews. The feminist political ecology framework was used to analyse the structural power relations influencing gender food‐provisioning labour. Results show that both matrilineal and patrilineal women play equally crucial roles in agrobiodiversity management, subsistence agricultural production, and household food provisioning. However, customary laws shape different gender relations, women's status, and appreciation of women's work in the two societies. Gender roles appeared more flexible in the matrilineal society and more clearly defined in the patrilineal society, and gender relations more egalitarian among the Khasis while more hierarchical among the Chakhesangs. Household food‐provisioning work and engagement in agricultural production did not seem to positively contribute to the social status of Chakhesang women, because these were expected as structural elements of the patriarchy. Current socio‐cultural and economic changes in both Indigenous societies have altered the traditional food system, traditional livelihoods, and resource management practices, affecting women's role in household food provisioning and leading to the deterioration of women's status, influencing household dietary diversity, food, and nutritional security.
A genomic map of clinal variation across the European rabbit hybrid zone
Authors: Rafati Nima , Blanco‐Aguiar José A. , Rubin Carl J. , Sayyab Shumaila , Sabatino Stephen J. , Afonso Sandra , Feng Chungang , Alves Paulo C. , Villafuerte Rafael , Ferrand Nuno , Andersson Leif , Carneiro Miguel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSpeciation is a process proceeding from weak to complete reproductive isolation. In this continuum, naturally hybridizing taxa provide a promising avenue for revealing the genetic changes associated with the incipient stages of speciation. To identify such changes between two subspecies of rabbits that display partial reproductive isolation, we studied patterns of allele frequency change across their hybrid zone using whole‐genome sequencing. To connect levels and patterns of genetic differentiation with phenotypic manifestations of subfertility in hybrid rabbits, we further investigated patterns of gene expression in testis. Geographic cline analysis revealed 253 regions characterized by steep changes in allele frequency across their natural region of contact. This catalog of regions is likely to be enriched for loci implicated in reproductive barriers and yielded several insights into the evolution of hybrid dysfunction in rabbits: (i) incomplete reproductive isolation is likely governed by the effects of many loci, (ii) protein–protein interaction analysis suggest that genes within these loci interact more than expected by chance, (iii) regulatory variation is likely the primary driver of incompatibilities, and (iv) large chromosomal rearrangements appear not to be a major mechanism underlying incompatibilities or promoting isolation in the face of gene flow. We detected extensive misregulation of gene expression in testis of hybrid males, but not a statistical overrepresentation of differentially expressed genes in candidate regions. Our results also did not support an X chromosome‐wide disruption of expression as observed in mice and cats, suggesting variation in the mechanistic basis of hybrid male reduced fertility among mammals.
Recreating man's cunning virtues – The philosophical project of Netherlandish arts culture
Authors: van Dixhoorn Arjan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUsing a few texts produced in Dutch in the late medieval and early modern Low Countries as key witnesses, this essay argues that the performative literary culture of the Dutch rhetoricians was an epistemic culture of a particular kind. Rhetoricians established their literary culture as the core of a culture of consten (i.e. a culture of the liberal arts). Consten‐culture, this essay argues, was a culture of personal virtue, and the primary fruits of exercising the arts were considered as spiritual (i.e. in the human mind); material results (i.e. creating external content or material effects) would be secondary. Material results in the world of practice were believed to follow the sharpening of wits and the shaping of personal cunning (in the early modern sense of the readiness and shrewdness needed in action). Using literary exercises for spiritual effect, the chambers of rhetoric became the institutionalised expression of the first truly philosophical school in the Dutch vernacular, until their pedagogical ideals were undermined fundamentally, and in the course of the seventeenth century, a new knowledge culture took shape.
Embodied wits – The representation of deliberative thought in rhetoricians’ drama
Authors: Ramakers Bart 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOne of the reasons for the enduring popularity of rhetoricians’ theatre was the efficacy of the spel van sinne, the Netherlandish version of the morality play, as a means of knowledge acquisition and transmission. This essay demonstrates how the rhetorical process of knowledge creation was literally bodied forth by personifications. These allegorical characters exemplified how knowledge ensued from discursive thought, thus turning man's wits inside out. They expressed the workings of the soul in its widest sense, that is, the functions of thinking, sensing, feeling, and willing. Their names are the starting point of the analysis, but in order to better understand their interactions, the staging conditions and likely performance of a number of plays are taken into account. The form and content of these plays have to be understood against the background of contemporary virtue ethics, as championed by humanists such as Erasmus and Coornhert, and can be compared to contemporary moral print.
Every language has its laws – Rhetoricians and the study of the Dutch vernacular
Authors: van de Haar Alisa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe first printed grammar of Dutch, which appeared in 1584, was created by members of the Amsterdam chamber of rhetoric De Eglantier. They presented their text as breaking with traditional ways of dealing with Dutch in the chambers by treating the vernacular as an object of study, by proposing rules, and by rejecting words borrowed from other languages. By studying three cases of rhetoricians active before De Eglantier's grammar was printed this essay shows that the Amsterdam chamber, in fact, took part in an already established tradition of studying the vernacular. These three rhetoricians, Eduard de Dene, Matthijs de Castelein, and Jan van Mussem, were interested in the rules, form, and structure of Dutch, and in how it differed from other languages. All three of them accepted, to a certain extent, loanwords, but they also emphasised the importance of using them carefully and critically. De Eglantier could delve into this pre‐existing learned stance on language. De Dene's case shows, moreover, that language study was not just a theoretical enterprise. Through his poetry, he experimented with neologisms and with the ability of Dutch to incorporate elements taken from other languages, thus exploring the frontiers of his mother tongue.
Intermediaries, transport costs and interlinked transactions
Authors: Lefèvre Mélanie , Tharakan Joe 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFarmers in developing countries often encounter difficulties selling their products on local markets. Inadequate transport infrastructure in rural areas and large distances between areas of production and consumption mean that farmers find it costly to bring their produce to the market and this very often results in small net margins and poverty among farmers who are geographically isolated. Agriculture in developing countries is characterized by the presence of intermediaries that have a cost advantage over farmers. Because of their market power, these intermediaries are able to impose interlinked contracts and are free to choose the spatial pricing policy they use. In this paper, we develop a model of input–output interlinked contracts between an intermediary and geographically dispersed farmers. We establish when the intermediary uses either uniform or mill pricing policies, as opposed to spatial discriminatory pricing. For each pricing policy, we analyze what the welfare implications are in terms of an increase in farmers' income and a reduction in poverty in rural areas. We also establish how the choice of a spatial pricing policy impacts geographically isolated farmers and how it influences the participation by farmers.
You've got a friend(ly school): Can school prosocial norms and friends similarly protect victims from distress?
Authors: Schacter Hannah L. , Juvonen Jaana 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTesting the potential protective effects of school‐level prosocial norms and having friends on peer victimization‐related distress, this study examined whether one protective factor is particularly important in the absence of the other. An ethnically diverse sample (N = 5,991) from 26 middle schools reported on peer prosocial behavior, social anxiety, loneliness, and perceived school safety; peer nominations assessed victimization and friends. Multilevel analyses revealed that sixth grade friendless victims felt significantly less anxious, lonely, and unsafe a year later in schools characterized by stronger peer prosocial norms (e.g., helping others). Additionally, victims in less prosocial schools experienced less social anxiety if they had at least one friend. The findings suggest that attending a school characterized by prosocial peer norms can compensate for high social risk (victimized and friendless) following the transition to middle school, and having friends is important for bullied youth in less prosocial school contexts. These results highlight the importance of simultaneously studying relational and school‐level protective factors; implications for anti‐bullying interventions are discussed.
Screening and Genomic Characterization of Filamentous Hemagglutinin-Deficient Bordetella pertussis
Authors: Weigand Michael R. , Pawloski Lucia C. , Peng Yanhui , Ju Hong , Burroughs Mark , Cassiday Pamela K. , Davis Jamie K. , DuVall Marina , Johnson Taccara , Juieng Phalasy , Knipe Kristen , Loparev Vladimir N. , Mathis Marsenia H. , Rowe Lori A. , Sheth Mili , Williams Margaret M. , Tondella M. Lucia 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Despite high vaccine coverage, pertussis cases in the United States have increased over the last decade. Growing evidence suggests that disease resurgence results, in part, from genetic divergence of circulating strain populations away from vaccine references. The United States employs acellular vaccines exclusively, and current
Bordetella pertussis
isolates are predominantly deficient in at least one immunogen, pertactin (Prn). First detected in the United States retrospectively in a 1994 isolate, the rapid spread of Prn deficiency is likely vaccine driven, raising concerns about whether other acellular vaccine immunogens experience similar pressures, as further antigenic changes could potentially threaten vaccine efficacy. We developed an electrochemiluminescent antibody capture assay to monitor the production of the acellular vaccine immunogen filamentous hemagglutinin (Fha). Screening 722 U.S. surveillance isolates collected from 2010 to 2016 identified two that were both Prn and Fha deficient. Three additional Fha-deficient laboratory strains were also identified from a historic collection of 65 isolates dating back to 1935. Whole-genome sequencing of deficient isolates revealed putative, underlying genetic changes. Only four isolates harbored mutations to known genes involved in Fha production, highlighting the complexity of its regulation. The chromosomes of two Fha-deficient isolates included unexpected structural variation that did not appear to influence Fha production. Furthermore, insertion sequence disruption of
fhaB
was also detected in a previously identified pertussis toxin-deficient isolate that still produced normal levels of Fha. These results demonstrate the genetic potential for additional vaccine immunogen deficiency and underscore the importance of continued surveillance of circulating
B. pertussis
evolution in response to vaccine pressure.
Topical ganciclovir treatment post-Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty for patients with bullous keratopathy induced by cytomegalovirus
Authors: Kitazawa Koji , Jongkhajornpong Passara , Inatomi Tsutomu , Koizumi Noriko , Kayukawa Kanae , Wakimasu Koichi , Sotozono Chie , Kinoshita Shigeru 
Published: January 2018

Background/aimsTo investigate the efficacy of topical ganciclovir (GCV) for preventing disease recurrence and improving the surgical outcome post-Descemet’s stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) endotheliitis.MethodsThis prospective, non-comparative case series study involved six eyes of six patients with endothelial decompensation due to CMV endotheliitis who underwent DSAEK, followed by a continuous, four to six times daily, topical administration of 0.5% GCV. Patient demographics, clinical history, and preoperative and postoperative examination (including any recurrence of CMV endotheliitis post-DSAEK), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), graft survival rate and endothelial cell density (ECD) were examined.ResultsNo recurrence of CMV endotheliitis was detected post-DSAEK. The mean follow-up period was 40 months (range, 12–60 months). The mean preoperative BCVA was 1.52±0.68 LogMAR (range, 0.52–2.40 LogMAR), yet it had significantly improved to 0.15±0.16 LogMAR (range: −0.08 to 0.30 LogMAR) by 1 year postoperative (P<0.01). In all patients, IOP was well controlled (10–20 mm Hg) postsurgery. The mean preoperative donor ECD was 2692±177 cells/mm2, and the mean postoperative ECD was 1974, 1771 and 1174 cells/mm2 for the ECD loss of 26%, 33% and 54% at 6, 12 and 36 months, respectively. No adverse effects were observed associated with the long-term topical administration of GCV.ConclusionThe continuous topical application of 0.5% GCV was found to be effective for preventing the recurrence of CMV endotheliitis, and it provided the optimal mid-term clinical outcomes post-DSAEK in patients with CMV endotheliitis.Trial registration numberUMIN000026746
Resource utilisation and costs in predementia and dementia: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Landeiro Filipa , Wace Helena , Ghinai Isaac , Nye Elsbeth , Mughal Seher , Walsh Katie , Roberts Nia , Lecomte Pascal , Wittenberg Raphael , Wolstenholme Jane , Handels Ron , Roncancio-Diaz Emilse , Potashman Michele H , Tockhorn-Heidenreich Antje , Gray Alastair M 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionDementia is the fastest growing major cause of disability globally with a mounting social and financial impact for patients and their families but also to health and social care systems. This review aims to systematically synthesise evidence on the utilisation of resources and costs incurred by patients and their caregivers and by health and social care services across the full spectrum of dementia, from its preceding preclinical stage to end of life. The main drivers of resources used and costs will also be identified.Methods and analysisA systematic literature review was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CDSR, CENTRAL, DARE, EconLit, CEA Registry, TRIP, NHS EED, SCI, RePEc and OpenGrey between January 2000 and beginning of May 2017. Two reviewers will independently assess each study for inclusion and disagreements will be resolved by a third reviewer. Data will be extracted using a predefined data extraction form following best practice. Study quality will be assessed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool. The reporting of costing methodology will be assessed using the British Medical Journal checklist. A narrative synthesis of all studies will be presented for resources used and costs incurred, by level of disease severity when available. If feasible, the data will be synthesised using appropriate statistical techniques.Ethics and disseminationIncluded articles will be reviewed for an ethics statement. The findings of the review will be disseminated in a related peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. They will also contribute to the work developed in the Real World Outcomes across the Alzheimer’s disease spectrum for better care: multi-modal data access platform (ROADMAP).Trial registration numberCRD42017071413.
Logistical Violence, Logistical Vulnerabilities
Authors: Chua Charmaine S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this ground-breaking work, Deborah Cowen makes the first book-length critical intervention into the field of business logistics. Tracing the social, spatial and political transformations wrought by the ‘logistics revolution’, Cowen argues that logistical systems have blurred the boundaries between production and circulation, civilian and military life, and geopolitics and geo-economics, constructing an architecture of the supply chain animated by both the art of war and the science of business. This review considers the political stakes of Cowen’s argument that logistics has reconfigured capitalist social relations of production, especially in relation to the securitisation of spatial mobility and the restructuring of the labour process. In particular, Cowen’s wager that logistical supply-chains are characterised by their vulnerability – and that attendant possibilities for building solidarity emerge out of movements that disrupt such flows – is interrogated in order to question whether such interruptions effectively produce challenges to value-in-motion, or actually become integral to processes of value production.
Expression profiling of snoRNAs in normal hematopoiesis and AML
Authors: Warner Wayne A. , Spencer David H. , Trissal Maria , White Brian S. , Helton Nichole , Ley Timothy J. , Link Daniel C. 
Published: January 2018

Key Points
A subset of snoRNAs is expressed in a developmental- and lineage-specific manner during human hematopoiesis. Neither host gene expression nor alternative splicing accounted for the observed differential expression of snoRNAs in a subset of AML.
Genomic Characterization of Upper-Tract Urothelial Carcinoma in Patients With Lynch Syndrome
Authors: Donahue Timothy F. , Bagrodia Aditya , Audenet François , Donoghue Mark T.A. , Cha Eugene K. , Sfakianos John P. , Sperling Dahlia , Al-Ahmadie Hikmat , Clendenning Mark , Rosty Christophe , Buchanan Daniel D. , Jenkins Mark , Hopper John , Winship Ingrid , Templeton Allyson S. , Walsh Michael F. , Stadler Zsofia K. , Iyer Gopa , Taylor Barry , Coleman Jonathan , Lindor Noralane M. , Solit David B. , Bochner Bernard H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Patients with Lynch syndrome (LS) have a significantly increased risk of developing upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). Here, we sought to identify differences in the patterns of mutational changes in LS-associated versus sporadic UTUCs. Patients and Methods We performed targeted sequencing of 17 UTUCs from patients with documented LS-associated germline mutations (LS-UTUCs) using the Memorial Sloan Kettering Integrated Molecular Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets targeted exon capture assay and compared the results with those from a recently characterized cohort of 82 patients with sporadic UTUC. Results Patients with LS-UTUC were significantly younger, had had less exposure to tobacco, and more often presented with a ureteral primary site compared with patients with sporadic UTUC. The median number of mutations per tumor was significantly greater in LS-UTUC tumors than in tumors from the sporadic cohort (58; interquartile range [IQR], 47-101 v 6; IQR, 4-10; P < .001), as was the MSIsensor score (median, 25.1; IQR, 17.9-31.2 v 0.03; IQR, 0-0.44; P < .001). Differences in the genetic landscape were observed between sporadic and LS-associated tumors. Alterations in KMT2D, CREBBP, or ARID1A or in DNA damage response and repair genes were present at a significantly higher frequency in LS-UTUC. CIC, NOTCH1, NOTCH3, RB1, and CDKN1B alterations were almost exclusive to LS-UTUC. Although FGFR3 mutations were identified in both cohorts, the R248C hotspot mutation was highly enriched in LS-UTUC. Conclusion LS- and sporadic UTUCs have overlapping but distinct genetic signatures. LS-UTUC is associated with hypermutation and a significantly higher prevalence of FGFR3 R248C mutation. Prospective molecular characterization of patients to identify those with LS-UTUC may help guide treatment.
Genetically engineered pigs as models for human disease
Authors: Perleberg Carolin , Kind Alexander , Schnieke Angelika 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Genetically modified animals are vital for gaining a proper understanding of disease mechanisms. Mice have long been the mainstay of basic research into a wide variety of diseases but are not always the most suitable means of translating basic knowledge into clinical application. The shortcomings of rodent preclinical studies are widely recognised, and regulatory agencies around the world now require preclinical trial data from nonrodent species. Pigs are well suited to biomedical research, sharing many similarities with humans, including body size, anatomical features, physiology and pathophysiology, and they already play an important role in translational studies. This role is set to increase as advanced genetic techniques simplify the generation of pigs with precisely tailored modifications designed to replicate lesions responsible for human disease. This article provides an overview of the most promising and clinically relevant genetically modified porcine models of human disease for translational biomedical research, including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, cystic fibrosis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We briefly summarise the technologies involved and consider the future impact of recent technical advances.