bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of paediatric high‐grade blunt renal trauma: a 10‐year single‐centre UK experience
Authors: Wong Kee Y. , Jeeneea Ram , Healey Andrew , Abernethy Laurence , Corbett Harriet J. , McAndrew Helen F. , Losty Paul D. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo report the management and outcome of paediatric patients sustaining high‐grade blunt renal trauma.Patients and MethodsMedical records were examined for all American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST) grade III–V blunt renal trauma cases admitted to a paediatric trauma centre from 2005 to 2015. Data collected and analysed included: demographics, imaging modalities, management, length of hospital stay (LOS), complications, and follow‐up outcomes.ResultsIn all, 18 children (12 boys, six girls) with mean (range) age 11 (4–15) years were included. According to the AAST grading criteria, 39% (seven of 18) of the patients had grade III, 50% (nine of 18) grade IV, and 11% (two of 18) grade V injuries; 44% (eight of 18) had concomitant injuries. Most of the patients were managed conservatively (89%, 16 of 18), although two of the 16 subsequently needed JJ‐stent insertion during inpatient stay for symptomatic urinoma(s). In all, 11% (two of 18) of the patients required interventional radiology service(s), involving selective embolisation for life‐threatening renal tract haemorrhage. Blood transfusion for renal injury exclusively was required in 11% (two of 18) of the patients. In all, 89% (16 of 18) of the patients had at least one follow‐up imaging study before hospital discharge; most (13 of 16) had ultrasonography and three required computed tomography. The median (range) LOS was 11 (4–31) days. In all, 17% (three of 18) of the patients required hospital re‐admission within 30 days for complications and all required interventional procedures: JJ stent for urinoma (one), embolisation of renal arterio‐venous fistula (one), and embolisation for a post‐traumatic pseudoaneurysm (one). Overall, the median (range) follow‐up was 6 (2–60) months. In all, 78% (14 of 18) of the patients had dimercaptosuccinic acid studies, with 11 showing reductions in renal function (range 3–44%).ConclusionsThis study supports a care pathway strategy advocating conservative management of high‐grade renal injuries in children. However, patients may experience a relative decline in renal function with higher grade injuries indicating the need for monitoring and follow‐up.
Exploring the frequency and location of prescribing errors in the use of topical glaucoma medications
Authors: Lakhani Bansri K , King Anthony J 
Published: January 2018

AbstractImportanceVery little is known about health‐care professional related prescribing errors within the glaucoma setting.BackgroundThis study aims to quantify these errors and to explore where they occur along the prescribing pathway.DesignCross‐sectional study of patients attending a specialty glaucoma clinic over a 5‐month period.ParticipantsData was collected for 109 patients.MethodsWe compared glaucoma drop regimes from four different sources: As documented in the hospital notes for the last appointment, the letter sent to the General Practitioner (GP), patient's self‐reporting and bottles/prescriptions brought to the clinic appointment.Main Outcome MeasuresDiscrepancies were identified and errors were grouped into one of four categories depending on where in the prescribing pathway they occurred: Incorrect prescribing of the drops by the clinician, incorrect prescribing of the drops by the GP/failure to provide a repeat prescription, incorrect dispensing of the drops by the pharmacist and possible non‐adherence by the patient.ResultsThere was a total of 217 individual prescription items involving 266 active ingredients. Seventy‐one prescription items out of 217 (33%) had an error, of this 53 (75%) were due to possible patient non‐adherence and 18 (25%) were process related errors made by health‐care professionals.Conclusions and RelevanceAn error was identified in 33% of prescriptions. About 8.3% of prescriptions had a health‐care professional related process error. These errors are preventable and recognition of these is important to maximize drop adherence and minimize disease progression, requiring increased consultations and interventions with quality of life and health economic consequences.
One‐year weight losses in the Tianjin Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Prevention Programme: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Liu Huikun , Wang Leishen , Zhang Shuang , Leng Junhong , Li Nan , Li Weiqin , Wang Jing , Tian Huiguang , Qi Lu , Yang Xilin , Yu Zhijie , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Hu Gang 
Published: January 2018

AimsTo report the weight loss findings after the first year of a lifestyle intervention trial among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsA total of 1180 women with GDM were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a 4‐year lifestyle intervention (intervention group, n = 586) or standard care (control group, n = 594) between August 2009 and July 2011. Major elements of the intervention included 6 face‐to‐face sessions with study dieticians and two telephone calls in the first year, and two individual sessions and two telephone calls in each subsequent year.ResultsAmong 79% of participants who completed the year 1 trial, mean weight loss was 0.82 kg (1.12% of initial weight) in the intervention group and 0.09 kg (0.03% of initial weight) in the control group (P = .001). In a prespecified subgroup analysis of people who completed the trial, weight loss was more pronounced in women who were overweight (body mass index ≥24 kg/m2) at baseline: mean weight loss 2.01 kg (2.87% of initial weight) in the intervention group and 0.44 kg (0.52% of initial weight) in the control group (P < .001). Compared with those in the control group, women in the intervention group had a greater decrease in waist circumference (1.76 cm vs 0.73 cm; P = .003) and body fat (0.50% vs 0.05% increase; P = .001).ConclusionThe 1‐year lifestyle intervention led to significant weight losses after delivery in women who had GDM, and the effect was more pronounced in women who were overweight at baseline.
Survivin is a negative prognostic factor in malignant pleural effusion
Authors: Arellano‐Orden Elena , Romero‐Romero Beatriz , Sánchez‐López Verónica , Martín‐Juan José , Rodríguez‐Panadero Francisco , Otero‐Candelera Remedios 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundSurvivin is a well‐known member of the inhibitor of apoptosis family, and has been related to increased tumour aggressivity, both in tissue and in pleural fluid.ObjectivesIn patients with malignant pleural effusion, we sought to investigate the changes in pleural fluid survivin concentrations induced by talc instillation into the pleural space. Those changes were also examined in relation to pleurodesis outcome and patient survival.MethodsWe investigated 84 patients with malignant pleural effusion who underwent talc pleurodesis. Of them, 32 had breast cancer, 25 lung cancer and 27 had mesothelioma. Serial samples of pleural fluid were obtained before thoracoscopy (baseline) and 24 hours thereafter.ResultsSurvivin levels were successfully quantified in all pleural fluid samples, and they were significantly higher in samples obtained after thoracoscopic talc poudrage compared with baseline (P < .001). Patients with higher pleural fluid survivin levels at baseline had a significantly poorer pleurodesis outcome (P = .004). A 30 pg/mL cut‐off for baseline survivin in pleural fluid predicted failure of pleurodesis with a 54% sensitivity and 79% specificity (P = .009). Moreover, median postpleurodesis survival of patients with baseline survivin levels ≥30 pg/mL was 4 months (range: 0.1‐38), compared with 13 months (range: 0.1‐259) in patients below that cut‐off (P < .001).ConclusionElevated pleural fluid survivin concentrations are useful to predict failure of pleurodesis and are associated with shorter survival in patients with malignant pleural effusion.
Host specificity of co‐infecting Botryosphaeriaceae on ornamental and forest trees in the Western Balkans
Authors: Zlatković M. , Wingfield M. J. , Jami F. , Slippers B. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe Botryosphaeriaceae is a diverse family of endophytes and fungal pathogens of mainly woody plants. We considered the host range and distribution of these fungi by sampling diseased ornamental and forest trees and shrubs in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, spanning a Mediterranean and a Continental climatic region. In total, ten Botryosphaeriaceae species were identified in the Western Balkans and with the exception of Sphaeropsis visci and Phaeobotryon cupressi, which occurred on one host, all the species had a broader host range. Phaeobotryon cupressi was found only in the Mediterranean region and S. visci, Dothiorella sp., Dothiorella sarmentorum and Diplodia seriata were present only in the Continental region. Pathogenicity tests were conducted on a variety of hosts from which the Botryosphaeriaceae species were isolated. These included leaves and/or stems of seedlings of 21 hosts, and cut leaves and/or branches of six hosts. Moreover, stems of seedlings of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Cedrus deodara, Picea omorika, Pinus patula and Eucalyptus grandis were inoculated as hosts from which some or all of the Botryosphaeriaceae species used for inoculation were not isolated. Inoculations showed that the majority of these fungi could also co‐infect hosts other than those from which they were isolated. The results suggest that most of the species have broad host ranges and can potentially cause disease on a broad range of tree species under certain conditions.
Open‐label study of cognitive behavioural therapy for individuals with at‐risk mental state: Feasibility in the Japanese clinical setting
Authors: Matsumoto Kazunori , Ohmuro Noriyuki , Tsujino Naohisa , Nishiyama Shimako , Abe Koichi , Hamaie Yumiko , Katsura Masahiro , Inoue Naomi , Matsuoka Hiroo , Kawasaki Yasuhiro , Kishimoto Toshifumi , Suzuki Michio , Mizuno Masafumi 
Published: January 2018

AimTo date, most cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) trials for individuals with at‐risk metal state (ARMS) have been conducted in few Western countries and its feasibility in other regions, including Japan, has not been established.MethodsWe designed an open‐label pilot study. Fourteen ARMS participants received CBT over 6 months and were followed‐up for 6 months.ResultsThirteen individuals completed the CBT intervention and assessments. The mean total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale improved from 60.2 to 46.0 after the intervention (Cohen's d = 1.1). The effects were maintained at the follow‐up assessment. One participant transitioned to psychosis after the CBT intervention, and was the only patient who received antipsychotics.ConclusionsWe confirmed the feasibility of the provision of CBT for ARMS in Japan. Since overprescription of antipsychotics is a matter of great concern in Japan, CBT could be a valuable alternative treatment strategy.
An independent race model involving an abort and re‐plan strategy explains reach redirecting movements during planning and execution
Authors: Venkataramani PrasannaVenkhatesh , Gopal Atul , Murthy Aditya 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlthough race models have been extensively used to study inhibitory control, the mechanisms that enable change of reach plans in the context of race models remain unexplored. We used a redirect task in which targets occasionally changed their locations to study the control of reaching movements during movement planning and execution phases. We tested nine different race model architectures that could explain the redirect behavior of reaching movements. We show that an independent GO–STOP–GO model that reflects a plan–abort–re‐plan strategy involving non‐interacting elements successfully explained the various behavioral measures such as the compensation function and the pattern of error response reaction times. By extending the same race model to the execution phase, we could explain the extent and the pattern of hypometric trials. Interestingly, the race model also provided evidence that redirecting a movement during planning and execution shared the same inhibitory mechanism. Taken together, this study demonstrates the applicability of an independent race model to understand the computational mechanisms underlying the control of reach movements.
Functional connectivity maps based on hippocampal and thalamic dynamics may account for the default‐mode network
Authors: Lee Tien‐Wen , Xue Shao‐Wei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe default‐mode network (DMN) has been reported to comprise a set of inter‐connected transmodal cortical areas, including the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), medial prefrontal cortex, posterior inferior parietal lobule, lateral temporal region and others. However, the subcortical constituents of theDMNare still not clear. This study aimed to examine whether the correlation maps derived from subcortical structures may also account for neural pattern of theDMN. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting‐state functionalMRIscans of 36 subjects were selected from the Rockland sample (Nathan Kline Institute). The hippocampus and thalamus were chosen as subcortical regions of interest (ROIs). EachROIwas partitioned into composite modules which in turn provided simplified and representative dynamics of blood‐oxygen‐level‐dependent (BOLD) signals.PCC‐seeded andROI‐based correlation maps were compared by conjunction analyses and pairedt‐tests (correctedP < 0.05). Our results unveiled that the hippocampus‐, thalamus‐ andPCC‐centred correlation patterns actually overlapped to a substantial degree. Integrating the signals in the thalamus and hippocampus altogether fully explained thePCC‐seededDMN. Supplementary analyses based on theBOLDdynamics in several subcortical nuclei (caudate, putamen and globus pallidus) were dissimilar to theDMN. TheDMNderived from theROI/seed‐based approach may represent combined limbic and region‐specific informatics (and their closely interacting neural substrates). The possible causes for previous methods of task‐induced deactivation and seed‐based correlation that failed to depict the holistic limbic picture are discussed. The neocortical manifestation ofDMNmay reflect the limbic information in the transmodal brain regions.
Binaural frequency selectivity in humans
Authors: Verhey Jesko L. , van de Par Steven 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSeveral behavioural studies in humans have shown that listening to sounds with two ears that is binaural hearing, provides the human auditory system with extra information on the sound source that is not available when sounds are only perceived through one ear that is monaurally. Binaural processing involves the analysis of phase and level differences between the two ear signals. As monaural cochlea processing (in each ear) precedes the neural stages responsible for binaural processing properties it is reasonable to assume that properties of the cochlea may also be observed in binaural processing. A main characteristic of cochlea processing is its frequency selectivity. In psychoacoustics, there is an ongoing discussion on the frequency selectivity of the binaural auditory system. While some psychoacoustic experiments seem to indicate poorer frequency selectivity of the binaural system than that of the monaural processing others seem to indicate the same frequency selectivity for monaural and binaural processing. This study provides an overview of these seemingly controversial results and the different explanations that were provided to account for the different results.
Percutaneous perfusion monitoring for the detection of hemodialysis induced cardiovascular injury
Authors: Penny Jarrin D. , Grant Claire , Salerno Fabio , Brumfield Anne , Mianulli Marcus , Poole Lori , Mcintyre Christopher W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroduction: The safe delivery of hemodialysis (HD) faces dual challenges; the accurate detection of systemic circulatory stress producing cardiovascular (CV) injury, and the ability to enable effective preemptive intervention for such injury. We performed a pilot study to examine the capability of a new noninvasive, real‐time monitoring system to detect the deleterious effects of HD on CV stability.Methods: Eight patients were evaluated with echocardiography prior to the initiation of HD and again at peak HD stress. Continuous CV physiologic monitoring was performed throughout using oximeter‐based pulse waveform analysis (CVInsight® Monitoring System, Intelomed, Inc., Warrendale, PA, USA). Longitudinal strain (LS) values for 12 left ventricular segments were generated using speckle‐tracking software (EchoPac, GE), to assess the presence of HD‐induced regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA), indicative of myocardial stunning.Findings: A reduction in pulse strength (PS) of ≥40% detected by CVI was associated with the development of RWMA (P = 0.005). This reduction occurred in 6/8 patients, all of whom exhibited myocardial stunning. Two patients had no significant reduction in PS nor evidence of myocardial stunning. In subjects with cardiac stunning, the decrease in PS was evident early during HD, 11.49 ± 10 minutes into HD treatment, prior to the detection of RWMA, which were assessed at peak HD stress, mean 210
16.43 minutes into HD treatment.Discussion: Percutaneous perfusion monitoring, using pulse wave analysis, appears to be useful in identifying circulatory stress during HD and predicting the development of HD‐induced myocardial stunning with a lead time long enough to consider timely intervention.
A multicenter, prospective, observational study examining the impact of risk factors, such as BMI and waist circumference, on quality of life improvement and clinical response in moderate‐to‐severe plaque‐type psoriasis patients treated with infliximab in routine care settings of Greece
Authors: Petridis A. , Panagakis P. , Moustou E. , Vergou T. , Kallidis P. , Mandekou‐Lefaki I. , Chaidemenos G. , Sotiriadis D. , Alexopoulou G. , Haratsis Y. , Antoniou C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundObesity has been associated with moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis severity and PASI 75 response attainment of biologic therapies, but findings are inconsistent.ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the association of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) on disease severity, to identify potential patient characteristics associated with response attainment and to assess the impact of infliximab on the patients’ health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) among infliximab‐treated patients in the routine care setting of Greece.MethodsThis was a multicenter, prospective, observational study of adult moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis patients who had initiated treatment with originator infliximab within 2 weeks prior to enrolment. Postenrolment visits occurred at 14 ± 4, 30 ± 4 and 54 ± 4 weeks following treatment onset.ResultsBetween October 2012 and June 2014, 136 eligible patients (62.5% males) with a median age of 48.6 years, BMI of 29.6 kg/m2 and WC of 107.0 cm at enrolment were recruited by 21 dermatology hospital/private offices. All patients had received prior psoriasis treatment(s); 62.5% were biologic‐naïve. Mean baseline psoriasis area severity index (PASI) and Dermatology Quality of Life Index (DLQI) scores were 23.4 ± 13.6 and 15.0 ± 8.3, respectively. A low correlation was observed between WC at enrolment and baseline PASI [ρ = 0.324 (P < 0.001)]. Over a median 48.4 weeks of infliximab exposure, 89.3% of the per protocol set achieved a PASI 75 response. At 14, 30 and 54 weeks, the PASI 75 attainment rate was 66.4%, 74.8% and 76.6%, respectively; the clinically meaningful DLQI improvement (≥5 point decrease) rate was 68.9%, 75.7% and 69.8%, respectively. BMI category and abdominal obesity at enrolment did not impact PASI 75 or DLQI improvement rate attainment.ConclusionIn the routine care of Greece, infliximab reduced disease activity and improved the quality of life of moderate‐to‐severe psoriasis patients through 1 year of treatment, independent of their BMI and WC.
Inflammation and Trajectory of Renal Function in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Salimi Shabnam , Shardell Michelle D. , Seliger Stephen L. , Bandinelli Stefania , Guralnik Jack M. , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesTo examine the hypothesis that the inflammatory state of aging is a risk factor for accelerated renal function (RF) decline using inflammatory biomarkers and RF measures collected over 9 years of follow‐up in relatively healthy individuals enrolled in the Invecchiare in Chianti study.DesignLongitudinal.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 60 and older with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and greater and no diabetes mellitus (DM) (N = 687).MeasureseGFR, as a proxy for RF, was determined using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) equation at baseline and 3‐, 6‐, and 9‐year follow‐up. Incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) was defined as new‐onset eGFR less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 at each follow‐up. Predictors included baseline and time‐dependent inflammatory biomarkers: soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptors (sTNFα‐R1 and ‐R2), interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐18, IL‐1β, IL‐1 receptor antagonist, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein.ResultsHigher baseline sTNFα‐R1 was significantly associated with lower eGFR over 9 years, independent of DM or blood pressure (baseline: = −0.39, P = .001; 3‐year: = −0.26, P = .001; 6‐year: = −0.36, P = .001; 9‐year: = −0.47, P = .001). The rate of TNFα‐R1 change was significantly associated with rate of eGFR change ( = −0.18, P = .001). Baseline sTNFα‐R1 predicted incident CKD (per 1‐standard deviation increment: 3‐year: relative risk (RR) = 1.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–1.5; 6‐year: RR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.2; 9‐year RR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1–2.2). Similar results were found for sTNFα‐R2.ConclusionBaseline TNFα‐R levels and their rates of change were significantly associated with RF decline and incident CKD in older adults independent of DM or blood pressure.
A New Model of Inflation, Trend Inflation, and Long‐Run Inflation Expectations
Authors: CHAN JOSHUA C.C. , CLARK TODD E. , KOOP GARY 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper develops a bivariate model of inflation and a survey‐based long‐run forecast of inflation that allows for the estimation of the link between trend inflation and the long‐run forecast. Thus, our model allows for the possibilities that long‐run forecasts taken from surveys can be equated with trend inflation, that the two are completely unrelated, or anything in between. Using a variety of inflation measures and survey‐based forecasts for several countries, we find that long‐run forecasts can provide substantial help in refining estimates and fitting and forecasting inflation. It is less helpful to simply equate trend inflation with the long‐run forecasts.