bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exertional dyspnea associated with chest wall strapping is reduced when external dead space substitutes for part of the exercise stimulus to ventilation
Authors: Garske Luke A. , Lal Ravin , Stewart Ian B. , Morris Norman R. , Cross Troy J. , Adams Lewis 
Published: February 2017

Chest wall strapping has been used to assess mechanisms of dyspnea with restrictive lung disease. This study examined the hypothesis that dyspnea with restriction depends principally on the degree of reflex ventilatory stimulation. We compared dyspnea at the same (iso)ventilation when added dead space provided a component of the ventilatory stimulus during exercise. Eleven healthy men undertook a randomized controlled crossover trial that compared four constant work exercise conditions: 1) control (CTRL): unrestricted breathing at 90% gas exchange threshold (GET); 2) CTRL+dead space (DS): unrestricted breathing with 0.6-l dead space, at isoventilation to CTRL due to reduced exercise intensity; 3) CWS: chest wall strapping at 90% GET; and 4) CWS+DS: chest strapping with 0.6-l dead space, at isoventilation to CWS with reduced exercise intensity. Chest strapping reduced forced vital capacity by 30.4 ± 2.2% (mean ± SE). Dyspnea at isoventilation was unchanged with CTRL+DS compared with CTRL (1.93 ± 0.49 and 2.17 ± 0.43, 0–10 numeric rating scale, respectively; P = 0.244). Dyspnea was lower with CWS+DS compared with CWS (3.40 ± 0.52 and 4.51 ± 0.53, respectively; P = 0.003). Perceived leg fatigue was reduced with CTRL+DS compared with CTRL (2.36 ± 0.48 and 2.86 ± 0.59, respectively; P = 0.049) and lower with CWS+DS compared with CWS (1.86 ± 0.30 and 4.00 ± 0.79, respectively; P = 0.006). With unrestricted breathing, dead space did not change dyspnea at isoventilation, suggesting that dyspnea does not depend on the mode of reflex ventilatory stimulation in healthy individuals. With chest strapping, dead space presented a less potent stimulus to dyspnea, raising the possibility that leg muscle work contributes to dyspnea perception independent of the ventilatory stimulus. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Chest wall strapping was applied to healthy humans to simulate restrictive lung disease. With chest wall strapping, dyspnea was reduced when dead space substituted for part of a constant exercise stimulus to ventilation. Dyspnea associated with chest wall strapping depended on the contribution of leg muscle work to ventilatory stimulation. Chest wall strapping might not be a clinically relevant model to determine whether an alternative reflex ventilatory stimulus mimics the intensity of exertional dyspnea.
Strategies to Overcome Bypass Mechanisms Mediating Clinical Resistance to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition in Lung Cancer
Authors: Husain Hatim , Scur Michael , Murtuza Ayesha , Bui Nam , Woodward Brian , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe vast majority of patients with metastatic lung cancers who initially benefit from EGFR-targeted therapies eventually develop resistance. An increasing understanding of the number and complexity of resistance mechanisms highlights the challenge of treating tumors resistant to EGFR inhibitors. Resistance mechanisms include new, second-site mutations within EGFR (e.g., T790M and C797S), upregulation of MET kinase, upregulation of insulin growth factor receptor (IGFR), HER2 amplification, increased expression of AXL, BIM modulation, NF-κB activation, histologic switch to small-cell cancer, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, PDL1 expression with subsequent immune tolerance, and release of cytokines such as TGFβ and IL6. Herein, we review the growing body of knowledge regarding EGFR bypass pathways, and the development of new drugs and combination treatment strategies to overcome resistance. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(2); 265–72. ©2017 AACR.
Cyanidium from caves: a reinstatement of Cyanidium chilense Schwabe (Cyanidiophytina, Rhodophyta)
Authors: CINIGLIA CLAUDIA , PINTO GABRIELE , POLLIO ANTONINO 
Published: February 2017

The nomenclatural history of the genus Cyanidium (Tilden) Geitler is long and complex, due to uncertainties regarding its taxonomic position. In the course of the last two centuries, Cyanidium has been assigned to Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta, and finally to Rhodophyta (Ott & Sechback 1994, Albertano et al. 2000). On the basis of morphological, ultrastructural and reproductive characters, Merola et al. (1981) instituted two new genera, Galdieria and Cyanidioschyzon, strictly related to Cyanidium, and assigned all three genera to the new class Cyanidiophyceae. Later, in the treatment proposed by Ott & Sechback (1994), all species belonging to Galdieria or Cyanidioschyzon were transferred to Cyanidium. In the most recent taxonomic proposal by Yoon et al. (2014), the tripartite generic architecture has been confirmed, even though a different taxonomic hierarchy was applied at the higher ranks.
Sorption Analysis of 137Cs On Karawang’s Clay Samples
Authors: Setiawan Budi , Prihastuti Suci , Moersidik Setyo S. 
Published: February 2017

The objective of this work is to characterize the specific of distribution coefficient (Kd) values of 137Cs onto Karawang’s clay for radioactive waste disposal facility purpose. Sorption phenomena was affected by contact time, ionic strength and loaded concentration of CsCl. Experiments were done in a batch method, with initial concentration was 10-8 M CsCl in the experiments of contact time and ionic strength effects. In the CsCl loading experiment, the concentration was varied from 10-8 to 10-4 M CsCl and 137Cs radioactive solution was used as a tracer. The solid-liquid ratio is 10-2 g/mL. The results shown that obtained Kd values were 21,714 and 4035 mL/g after contacted for 8 days for Sample-1 and 2, respectively. The presence of K+ and Na+ ions in solution had reduced the Kd value Cs-137 where the effect of K+ is greater than Na+ on decreased the value of Kd. The increasing of CsCl concentrations in solution had reduced the value of Kd. In both samples of clay were closely fit to Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model. The results are very useful as the input of the safety assessment activity of site candidate for radioactive waste disposal facility in the future.
Considering postmodern cultural disconnects and cultural paradigms in Chinese dance creation through the lens of ArtsCross/Danscross
Authors: Rui Xu 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
ArtsCross/Danscross created a visual juxtaposition of dance forms on a shared stage. The project not only reflected the cultural disconnects between Chinese and western dance creation, but also brought to light the hybridization of cultural states which were present within the project. Since we lack an awareness of the roots of western society and culture, the understanding of western modern dance that we have developed remains relatively general and one-sided. While we have sought wholeheartedly to apply modern dance choreography approaches to the creation of Chinese dance, we have not paid attention to, or sought to understand the emergence and spread of western postmodern artistic values, and this is the primary source of the cultural disconnects that were witnessed within the ArtsCross/Danscross project. In recent Chinese history, a hybridized cultural paradigm has evolved, characterized by imitation of the external/foreign and feelings of conflict towards the internal/self. In China’s dance field, the concepts of ‘modern’, ‘contemporary’, and ‘postmodern’ overlap and are difficult to distinguish. In reality, both ‘modern dance’ and ‘contemporary dance’ contain Chinese and western cultural elements, and constitute modern-contemporary ‘cultural hybrids’ of Chinese dance. Thus, there is an urgent need to establish a cultural attitude that witnesses cultural disconnects without misgivings, and which confidently faces up to the present. Postmodernism implies a questioning of, and a resistance towards the uniform ordering and standardization of the world. To some degree, it also represents a reformation of global diversity. Moreover, it creates a space for the development and survival of Chinese dance against the context of this process of reformation of diversity.
Putting Minzu into perspective: Dance and its relation to the concept of ‘Nation’
Authors: Ya-Ping Chen 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The term ‘minzu’ was raised and discussed on several occasions in relation to its meaning in the Chinese language and how it could or could not be translated into English to sufficiently convey the complexity of its connotations. Chinese scholar Jiang Dong presented a paper tracing the term’s usage among the dance practitioners and academics in China since the 1950s. This article is a response to Jiang’s paper from a Taiwanese perspective. It looks at the Minzu Wudao Movement in post-1949 Taiwan historically, tracing its ideological heritage to the nation salvation movements in the early twentieth-century China and contextualizing its body-reformation concept within the nationalist indoctrination policy of the Kuomintang government. In addition to examining the representation of ‘minzu’ (nation) in the Minzu Wudao Movement, the article also discusses the shifting content of minzu qinggan (national sentiment) in the 1970s and the disappearance of the term ‘minzu’ in social media and cultural discourses in today’s Taiwan. It is still widely used in China, however, and a number of choreographers in the ArtsCross/Danscross project, as noted in the Introduction, were specialists in minzu dance and worked from a minzu dance vocabulary.
Penyisihan Limbah Organik Air Lindi TPA Jatibarang Menggunakan Koagulasi-Flokulasi Kimia
Authors: Rezagama Arya , Hadiwidodo Mochtar , Purwono Purwono , Ramadhani Nurul Fajri , Yustika Mia 
Published: February 2017

Air lindi yang meresap ke dalam tanah yang berpotensi bercampur dengan air tanah sehingga menimbulkan pencemaran tanah, air tanah dan air permukaan. Komposisi limbah lindi dari berbagai TPA berbeda-beda bergantung pada musim, jenis limbah, umur TPA. Proses dalam TPA menghasilkan molekul organik recalcitrant yang ditunjukkan dengan rendahnya rasio BOD/COD dan tingginya nilai NH3-N. Belum optimalnya pengolahan air lindi di Jatibarang membutuhkan pretreatment sebagai bentuk upaya alternatif dalam proses pengolahan air lindi sebelum masuk ke dalam proses aerated lagun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh koagulan kimia pada penyisihan bahan organik air lindi TPA Jatibarang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April- Agustus 2016. Karaktersitik air lindi TPA Jatibarang termasuk dalam kategori "moderately stable" dan lindi muda. Penyisihan bahan organik dengan menggunakan kuagulan kimia FeCl3 dan Al2SO4 menunjukkan nilai yang cukup signifikan untuk parameter COD, BOD, TSS. Penggunaan dosis optimal terjadi pada 16 g/L FeCl3 serta 16 g/L Al2SO4 dapat menurunkan nilai COD sebesar 51% dan 65%, BOD sebesar 50% dan 56%, dan TSS sebesar 24% dan 21%. Perubahan nilai pH akibat penambahan koagulan berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat penyisihan, namun memberikan dampak negatif yaitu buih yang cukup banyak. Penurunan beban organik menguntungkan bagi sistem pengolahan lindi eksisting TPA Jatibarang. [Title: Removal of Lindi Water Organic Waste of TPA Jatibarang using Chemical Coagulation- Floculation] Leachate grounding into the soil that potentially could mix with the groundwater caused contamination of soil, groundwater and surface water. The composition of waste landfill leachate from the various location is depending on the season, the type of waste, and landfill age. Process in the TPA produces recalcitrant organic molecules as indicated by the low ratio of BOD/COD and NH3-N high value. The ineffective treatment of leachate at Jatibarang require a pretreatment as a form of alternative effort in the processing of leachate prior to entry into the aerated lagoon process. This study aims to analyze the influence of chemical coagulants on grounding organic material Jatibarang landfill leachate. The study was conducted in April-August 2016. Jatibarang landfill leachate characteristics were categorized as "moderately stable" and young leachate. Allowance for organic materials using chemical coagulants of FeCl3 and Al2SO4 showed significant values for the parameters of COD, BOD, and TSS. The use of optimal dose occurs at 16 g/L FeCl3 and 16 g/L Al2SO4 which can reduce the COD value by 51% and 65%, BOD by 50% and 56%, and TSS at 24% and 21%. PH value changes due to the addition of coagulant positive effect on the level of the allowance, but a negative effect that is quite a lot of froth. The decline in organic load favorable for existing landfill leachate treatment systems Jatibarang.
Long-Term Air Pollution Responses to Transportation Policies in the Tehran Metropolitan Area
Authors: Hosseinlou Mansour Hadji , Kabiri Shahab 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTransportation networks respond differently to applied policies. The Tehran Metropolitan Area has one of the most complex networks with complex users, which has experienced many of these policies change within the past decades. In this study, some of these policies and their effect on air pollution is investigated. The goal is to pinpoint the variables which have the most effect on various transportation models and investigate how new policies should be focused. In order to do so, long-term variations of air pollution monitoring stations were analyzed. Results show that the most significant parameter that may affect air pollution is users' behavior due to the lack of a public transportation network and its level of comfort. The results of this study will be useful in developing new policies and evaluating their long-term consequences in appropriate models.
Beam-Column In-Plane Resistance Based on the Concept of Equivalent Geometric Imperfections
Authors: Giżejowski M.A. , Szczerba R.B. , Gajewski M.D. , Stachura Z. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAssessment of the flexural buckling resistance of bisymmetrical I-section beam-columns using FEM is widely discussed in the paper with regard to their imperfect model. The concept of equivalent geometric imperfections is applied in compliance with the so-called Eurocode’s general method. Various imperfection profiles are considered. The global effect of imperfections on the real compression members behaviour is illustrated by the comparison of imperfect beam-columns resistance and the resistance of their perfect counterparts. Numerous FEM simulations with regard to the stability behaviour of laterally and torsionally restrained steel structural elements of hot-rolled wide flange HEB section subjected to both compression and bending about the major or minor principal axes were performed. Geometrically and materially nonlinear analyses, GMNA for perfect structural elements and GMNIA for imperfect ones, preceded by LBA for the initial curvature evaluation of imperfect member configuration prior to loading were carried out. Numerical modelling and simulations were conducted with use of ABAQUS/Standard program. FEM results are compared with those obtained using the Eurocode’s interaction criteria of Method 1 and 2. Concluding remarks with regard to a necessity of equivalent imperfection profiles inclusion in modelling of the in-plane resistance of compression members are presented.
Differential mineralization of human dental pulp stem cells on diverse polymers
Authors: Apel Christian , Buttler Patricia , Salber Jochen , Dhanasingh Anandhan , Neuss Sabine 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In tissue engineering, biomaterials are used as scaffolds for spatial distribution of specific cell types. Biomaterials can potentially influence cell proliferation and extracellular matrix formation, both in positive and negative ways. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare mineralized matrix production of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSC), cultured on 17 different well-characterized polymers. Osteogenic differentiation of DPSC was induced for 21 days on biomaterials using dexamethasone, L-ascorbic-acid-2-phosphate, and sodium β-glycerophosphate. Success of differentiation was analyzed by quantitative RealTime PCR, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and visualization of calcium accumulations by alizarin red staining with subsequent quantification by colorimetric method. All of the tested biomaterials of an established biomaterial bank enabled a mineralized matrix formation of the DPSC after osteoinductive stimulation. Mineralization on poly(tetrafluoro ethylene) (PTFE), poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS), Texin, LT706, poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL), polyesteramide type-C (PEA-C), hyaluronic acid, and fibrin was significantly enhanced (p<0.05) compared to standard tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) as control. In particular, PEA-C, hyaluronic acid, and fibrin promoted superior mineralization values. These results were confirmed by ALP activity on the same materials. Different biomaterials differentially influence the differentiation and mineralized matrix formation of human DPSC. Based on the present results, promising biomaterial candidates for bone-related tissue engineering applications in combination with DPSC can be selected.
The effect of alfacalcidiol and metformin on metabolic disturbances in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Figurová Jana , Dravecká Ingrid , Petríková Jana , Javorský Martin , Lazúrová Ivica 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background:
The aim of this randomized clinical trial (RCT) was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation in obese, insulin-resistant (IR) and vitamin D-deficient polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women on metabolic abnormalities in comparison to the effect of metformin or combined metformin plus vitamin D therapy.

Material and methods:
Thirty-nine PCOS women who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were randomized into three groups and treated with alfacalcidiol, combined alfacalcidiol and metformin therapy and metformin for 6 months. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, total body fat and fat distribution were measured before and after 6 months of treatment. Plasma fasting glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lipid profiles were measured at the same time.

Results:
There was a significant decrease in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, total body fat and serum glucose levels in the metformin group (p<0.05), whereas PCOS women treated with alfacalcidiol did not significantly change their anthropometric and metabolic parameters. A significant decrease in waist circumference (p<0.05) in the group treated with metformin and alfacalcidiol was detected without other significant metabolic changes (all p>0.05). There were no significant changes in metabolic parameters (p>0.05) after vitamin D therapy except for a slight but non-significant trend towards higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (p=0.087).

Conclusion:
We conclude that vitamin D supplementation has no significant effect on anthropometric and metabolic parameters in PCOS women. Metformin has been still the most effective modality for the treatment of metabolic changes in PCOS.
Effect of Changing Table Tennis Ball Material from Celluloid to Plastic on the Post-Collision Ball Trajectory
Authors: Inaba Yuki , Tamaki Sho , Ikebukuro Haruhiko , Yamada Koshi , Ozaki Hiroki , Yoshida Kazuto 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The official material used in table tennis balls was changed from celluloid to plastic, a material free of celluloid, in 2014. The purpose of this study was to understand the differences and similarities in the two types of ball materials by comparing their behavior upon collision with a table. The behavior of the balls before and after collision with a table, at various initial speeds ranging from 15 to 115 km/h, was captured using high-speed cameras. Velocities and spin rates before collision and velocities after collision were computed to calculate the coefficients of restitution and friction. Based on the computed variables, the post-collision trajectories of both balls were calculated by integrating the equation of motion of the ball for simulated service, smash and drive conditions with respect to time. The coefficients of restitution were higher for the plastic balls than the celluloid ones when the initial vertical velocities were higher. The coefficients of friction were higher for plastic balls when the initial horizontal contact point velocities were slower. Because of the differences in the material characteristics, the plastic ball trajectories of services with backspin and drives with great topspin were expected to be different from those of celluloid balls. Since the extent of differences between the two ball types varied depending on the initial conditions, testing at various initial conditions was suggested for comparing and understanding the characteristics of the balls.
Extraction of Knowledge from the Topographic Attentive Mapping Network and its Application in Skill Analysis of Table Tennis
Authors: Hayashi Isao , Fujii Masanori , Maeda Toshiyuki , Leveille Jasmin , Tasaka Tokio 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Topographic Attentive Mapping (TAM) network is a biologically-inspired classifier that bears similarities to the human visual system. In case of wrong classification during training, an attentional top-down signal modulates synaptic weights in intermediate layers to reduce the difference between the desired output and the classifier’s output. When used in a TAM network, the proposed pruning algorithm improves classification accuracy and allows extracting knowledge as represented by the network structure. In this paper, sport technique evaluation of motion analysis modelled by the TAM network was discussed. The trajectory pattern of forehand strokes of table tennis players was analyzed with nine sensor markers attached to the right upper arm of players. With the TAM network, input attributes and technique rules were extracted in order to classify the skill level of players of table tennis from the sensor data. In addition, differences between the elite player, middle level player and beginner were clarified; furthermore, we discussed how to improve skills specific to table tennis from the view of data analysis.
Thermal influences in the star-pre-distributor of a spiral mandrel die
Authors: Hopmann Christian , Yesildag Nafi , Schön Malte 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The main criterion in the design of extrusion dies is to ensure a uniform velocity distribution of the plastics melt at the die outlet. In the case of spiral mandrel dies, the flow balance can be influenced negatively by thermal effects which are especially dominant in the pre-distributor. In previous works, it was shown that thermal inhomogeneity in a 2n-pre-distributor leads to an uneven melt distribution at the end of the pre-distributor. In the present study, the temperature influence on the melt distribution in a star-pre-distributor is investigated for three different polyethylenes with the help of flow simulations in Polyflow (Ansys). The simulation model depicts the whole pre-distributor and takes both the shear heating in the melt and the heat conduction in the pre-distributor into account. The simulative analysis shows that the dissipative shear heating leads to an uneven throughput distribution in the star-pre-distributor. In order to compensate this effect, in the next step of the simulations, heating cartridges are applied to the pre-distributor. In this way a significant homogenization of the pre-distribution can be achieved.