bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Degradation of Lake Ziway, Ethiopia: A study of the environmental perceptions of school students
Authors: Desta Hayal , Lemma Brook , Albert Gerhard , Stellmacher Till 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLake Ziway in Ethiopia is a freshwater lake supporting multitude uses, including irrigation, fishing, water supply and recreation. However, the lake is being degraded primarily because of various land‐ and water‐use activities in its watershed. Recognizing these human impacts on the lake's water quality and quantity, the perceptions of school students were surveyed under the belief that the future of the lake is largely dependent on this younger generation. The goal of this study was to better understand how students actually recognize the extent to which various human activities impact the water quantity and quality of Lake Ziway. As major stakeholders in their communities, the perceptions of school students from four high schools regarding the changes to the lake over time were investigated. Students were contacted by purposive sampling, based on criteria of student academic performances, and their proximity to the lake. Their perceptions were studied on the basis of an interview survey. The majority of students indicated that high levels of human activities, especially water abstractions and water pollution, were the main lake impacts. Students believe there is a lack of sustainable utilization and protection of the lake. They suggested coordinated activities among all lake stakeholders in the participation and decision‐making process to properly manage the lake. Provision of awareness to both local administrations and local communities, concern for establishing an appropriate regulatory body and allocating a sufficient budget, and strict controls on flower farm practices in the lakeshore, also was considered to be of high priority as a means of conserving the sustainability of the lake. The result derived from this survey has important implications for facilitating improved school curricula, and for federal, regional and district level water resource management authorities, in setting priorities and developing policies for the sustainability of Lake Ziway.
Catch per unit effort estimation and factors influencing it from recreational angling of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and management implications for Lake Toya, Japan
Authors: Sweke Emmanuel A. , Su Yu , Baba Shinya , Denboh Takashi , Ueda Hiroshi , Sakurai Yasunori , Matsuishi Takashi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe present study examined the factors influencing catch per unit effort (CPUE) and standardized theCPUEof sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) from offshore angling in Lake Toya, northern Japan. A generalized linear model (GLM), based on a negative binomial error distribution, was used to standardize the catch‐and‐effort data collected from anglers, using questionnaires and interview surveys during the fishing season (June) in 1998, 1999 and 2001–2012. Year, week, fishing area, number of fishing rods, fishing duration and Year × Week were the factors that significantly (P < 0.05) influencedCPUE. Anglers' fishing experience had no significant effect (P = 0.06) onCPUE. Limiting fishing duration, number of anglers and fishing rods may reduce fishing pressure and ensure sustainable management of the fishery. The results of the present study on standardizedCPUEcan also be useful in fine‐tuning age‐based models, such as Virtual Population Analysis (VPA–ADAPT), for the fish species in the lake, studies that are currently lacking. Regular and interdisciplinary studies that include biophysical factors are required to provide more understanding of the variations in the abundance of the fish species in the lake and in the ecosystem at large.
Epidemiology and molecular mechanisms of antifungal resistance in Candida and Aspergillus
Authors: Gonçalves Sarah Santos , Souza Ana Carolina Remondi , Chowdhary Anuradha , Meis Jacques F. , Colombo Arnaldo Lopes 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe significant increase in the use of antifungal agents, both for the treatment of candidiasis and invasive aspergillosis and as azole fungicides in agricultural crop protection has resulted in the emergence of resistant clinical isolates, particularly to triazoles and echinocandins. Notably, among isolates that were primarily sensitive to fluconazole such as Candida parapsilosis and Candida tropicalis have witnessed an emerging resistance development. Also for echinocandins, the occurrence of Candida isolates with lower susceptibility to these drugs has been reported, which is possibly due to its broad clinical use. Triazole resistance among Aspergillus fumigatus and other Aspergillus species is commonly found in European and Asian countries. Specific mutations are associated with azole resistance in A. fumigatus and these mutations are now reported globally from six continents. Therefore, we highlight the need to conduct antifungal resistance surveillance studies using clinical isolates of Candida and Aspergillus in different geographical regions and monitoring of the infection rates in distinct population groups for early detection of resistance to these drugs and implementation of efficient policies for infection control and treatment.
Knockdown of Five Genes Encoding Uncharacterized Proteins Inhibits Entamoeba histolytica Phagocytosis of Dead Host Cells
Authors: Sateriale Adam , Miller Peter , Huston Christopher D. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTEntamoeba histolyticais the protozoan parasite that causes invasive amebiasis, which is endemic to many developing countries and characterized by dysentery and liver abscesses. The virulence ofE. histolyticacorrelates with the degree of host cell engulfment, or phagocytosis, andE. histolyticaphagocytosis alters amebic gene expression in a feed-forward manner that results in an increased phagocytic ability. Here, we used a streamlined RNA interference screen to silence the expression of 15 genes whose expression was upregulated in phagocyticE. histolyticatrophozoites to determine whether these genes actually function in the phagocytic process. When five of these genes were silenced, amebic strains with significant decreases in the ability to phagocytose apoptotic host cells were produced. Phagocytosis of live host cells, however, was largely unchanged, and the defects were surprisingly specific for phagocytosis. Two of the five encoded proteins, which we namedE. histolyticaILWEQ (EhILWEQ) andE. histolyticaBAR (EhBAR), were chosen for localization via SNAP tag labeling and localized to the site of partially formed phagosomes. Therefore, both EhILWEQ and EhBAR appear to contribute toE. histolyticavirulence through their function in phagocytosis, and the large proportion (5/15 [33%]) of gene-silenced strains with a reduced ability to phagocytose host cells validates the previously published microarray data set demonstrating feed-forward control ofE. histolyticaphagocytosis. Finally, although only limited conclusions can be drawn from studies using the virulence-deficient G3Entamoebastrain, the relative specificity of the defects induced for phagocytosis of apoptotic cells but not healthy cells suggests that cell killing may play a rate-limiting role in the process ofEntamoeba histolyticahost cell engulfment.
SrrAB Modulates Staphylococcus aureus Cell Death through Regulation of
cidABC
Transcription
Authors: Windham Ian H. , Chaudhari Sujata S. , Bose Jeffrey L. , Thomas Vinai C. , Bayles Kenneth W. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

The death and lysis of a subpopulation in
Staphylococcus aureus
biofilm cells are thought to benefit the surviving population by releasing extracellular DNA, a critical component of the biofilm extracellular matrix. Although the means by which
S. aureus
controls cell death and lysis is not understood, studies implicate the role of the
cidABC
and
lrgAB
operons in this process. Recently, disruption of the
srrAB
regulatory locus was found to cause increased cell death during biofilm development, likely as a result of the sensitivity of this mutant to hypoxic growth. In the current study, we extended these findings by demonstrating that cell death in the Δ
srrAB
mutant is dependent on expression of the
cidABC
operon. The effect of
cidABC
expression resulted in the generation of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and was independent of acetate production. Interestingly, consistently with previous studies,
cidC
-encoded pyruvate oxidase was found to be important for the generation of acetic acid, which initiates the cell death process. However, these studies also revealed for the first time an important role of the
cidB
gene in cell death, as disruption of
cidB
in the Δ
srrAB
mutant background decreased ROS generation and cell death in a
cidC
-independent manner. The
cidB
mutation also caused decreased sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide, which suggests a complex role for this system in ROS metabolism. Overall, the results of this study provide further insight into the function of the
cidABC
operon in cell death and reveal its contribution to the oxidative stress response.

IMPORTANCE
The manuscript focuses on cell death mechanisms in
Staphylococcus aureus
and provides important new insights into the genes involved in this ill-defined process. By exploring the cause of increased stationary-phase death in an
S. aureus
Δ
srrAB
regulatory mutant, we found that the decreased viability of this mutant was a consequence of the overexpression of the
cidABC
operon, previously shown to be a key mediator of cell death. These investigations highlight the role of the
cidB
gene in the death process and the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Overall, the results of this study are the first to demonstrate a positive role for CidB in cell death and to provide an important paradigm for understanding this process in all bacteria.
Wearable technologies in osteoarthritis: a qualitative study of clinicians’ preferences
Authors: Papi Enrica , Murtagh Ged M , McGregor Alison H 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveThis study investigates clinicians’ views of health-related wearable technologies in the context of supporting osteoarthritis (OA) long-term management. Clinicians’ preferences are critical in identifying realistic implementation strategies for such technologies.DesignQualitative study incorporating an inductive thematic analysis applied to identify key themes from clinicians’ responses.ParticipantsClinicians, including 4 general practitioners, 4 physiotherapists and 5 orthopaedic surgeons were interviewed.SettingThe study was conducted in a University setting.ResultsParticipants all agreed wearable technologies could positively complement their role and enhance their relationship with patients. Perceived benefits of wearable technologies included monitoring patients’ progress, treatment evaluation, monitoring compliance and informing clinical decision-making. The device should be designed to provide objective data of patients’ locomotion capability in an easy and timely fashion via a simple interface. Data should be available to both clinicians and patients to provide them with the motivation to achieve clinical goals and allow them to take ownership of their treatment. The use of technology was also seen as a way to more effectively plan treatment and manage patients’ contact time saving time and cost.ConclusionsFindings support the use of wearable technologies to enhance current OA management and suggest clinical uses. Adoption of technologies could have implications on the effectiveness of treatment provided overcoming current barriers, in particular compliance with treatment.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Enhance the Therapeutic Potential of Reovirus in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Stiff Andrew , Caserta Enrico , Sborov Douglas W. , Nuovo Gerard J. , Mo Xiaokui , Schlotter Sarah Y. , Canella Alessandro , Smith Emily , Badway Joseph , Old Matthew , Jaime-Ramirez Alena Cristina , Yan Pearlly , Benson Don M. , Byrd John C. , Baiocchi Robert , Kaur Balveen , Hofmeister Craig C. , Pichiorri Flavia 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Multiple myeloma remains incurable and the majority of patients die within 5 years of diagnosis. Reolysin, the infusible form of human reovirus (RV), is a novel viral oncolytic therapy associated with antitumor activity likely resulting from direct oncolysis and a virus-mediated antitumor immune response. Results from our phase I clinical trial investigating single agent Reolysin in patients with relapsed multiple myeloma confirmed tolerability, but no objective responses were evident, likely because the virus selectively entered the multiple myeloma cells but did not actively replicate. To date, the precise mechanisms underlying the RV infectious life cycle and its ability to induce oncolysis in patients with multiple myeloma remain unknown. Here, we report that junctional adhesion molecule 1 (JAM-1), the cellular receptor for RV, is epigenetically regulated in multiple myeloma cells. Treatment of multiple myeloma cells with clinically relevant histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) results in increased JAM-1 expression as well as increased histone acetylation and RNA polymerase II recruitment to its promoter. Furthermore, our data indicate that the combination of Reolysin with HDACi, potentiates RV killing activity of multiple myeloma cells in vitro and in vivo. This study provides the molecular basis to use these agents as therapeutic tools to increase the efficacy of RV therapy in multiple myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(5); 830–41. ©2016 AACR.
Analysis of Immune Cells from Human Mammary Ductal Epithelial Organoids Reveals Vδ2+ T Cells That Efficiently Target Breast Carcinoma Cells in the Presence of Bisphosphonate
Authors: Zumwalde Nicholas A. , Haag Jill D. , Sharma Deepak , Mirrielees Jennifer A. , Wilke Lee G. , Gould Michael N. , Gumperz Jenny E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDeveloping strategies to enhance cancer prevention is a paramount goal, particularly given recent concerns about surgical treatment of preinvasive states such as ductal carcinoma in situ. Promoting effective immunosurveillance by leukocytes that scan for nascent neoplastic transformations represents a potential means to achieve this goal. Because most breast cancers arise within the ductal epithelium, enhancing protective immunosurveillance will likely necessitate targeting one or more of the distinctive lymphocyte types found in these sites under normal conditions. Here, we have characterized the intraepithelial lymphocyte compartment of non-cancerous human breast tissue and identified a subset of T lymphocytes that can be pharmacologically targeted to enhance their responses to breast cancer cells. Specifically, Vδ2+ γδ T cells were consistently present in preparations of mammary ductal epithelial organoids and they proliferated in response to zoledronic acid, an aminobisphosphonate drug. Vδ2+ T cells from breast ductal organoids produced the antitumor cytokine IFNγ and efficiently killed bisphosphonate-pulsed breast carcinoma cells. These findings demonstrate the potential for exploiting the ability of Vδ2+ γδ T cells to respond to FDA-approved bisphosphonate drugs as a novel immunotherapeutic approach to inhibit the outgrowth of breast cancers. Cancer Prev Res; 9(4); 305–16. ©2016 AACR.
Oberonia mucronata (D. Don) Ormerod & Seidenf. (Orchidaceae), new addition to the flora of Gujarat, India
Authors: Bhatt Mital R. , Nagar Padamnabhi S. 
Published: January 2016

<p><em>Oberonia mucronata </em>(D.Don) Ormerod &amp; Seidenf. is characterized by its dense flowered racemose inflorescence, petals with erose-toothed margin, and tri-lobed lip with dentate margin. A brief description and images are provided here for easy identification of the species along with a report of its new distribution record in Gujarat State.</p><div> </div>
Magnolia lanuginosa (Wall.) Figlar & Noot. in West Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, northeastern India: re-collection and implications for conservation
Authors: Mir Aabid Hussain , Iralu Viheno , Pao Ngakhainii Trune , Chaudhury Gunjana , Khonglah Clarence G , Chaudhary Kanhaiya Lal , Tiwari Brijesh Kumar , Upadhaya Krishna 
Published: January 2016

<p><em>Magnolia lanuginosa</em> (Wall.) Figlar &amp; Noot. [= <em>Michelia</em><strong> </strong><em>lanuginosa</em> Wall.], a rare tree species of Meghalaya, is restricted to the West Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya. The species was considered to have become extinct from the state. The present paper reports a recent re-collection of the species from four locations in the West Khasi Hills after a lapse of almost 100 years. In addition, the population structure, regeneration status and the threat to the species are also discussed so as to develop effective strategies for its conservation. </p><div> </div>
Comments on the list of marine mammals from Kerala
Authors: Kumarran R. P. 
Published: January 2016

<p>Nameer et al. 2015 in their recent paper on vertebrate diversity of Kerala presents an erroneous analysis on marine mammals based on incorrect checklist produced by Nameer (2015). It is necessary that the following errors should be corrected by Nameer et al. (2015) and Nameer (2015) and corrigenda be published. This helps to prevent misleading information being repeatedly published in future.</p>
Distribution of Force in the Medial Collateral Ligament Complex During Simulated Clinical Tests of Knee Stability
Authors: Schafer Kevin A. , Tucker Scott , Griffith Timothy , Sheikh Saad , Wickiewicz Thomas L. , Nawabi Danyal H. , Imhauser Carl W. , Pearle Andrew D. 
Published: January 2016

Background: Pivot-shift injury commonly results in combined anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)/medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury, yet the contribution of the components of the MCL complex to restraining multiplanar rotatory loads forming critical subcomponents of the pivot shift is not well understood. Purpose: To quantify the role of the MCL complex in restraining multiplanar rotatory loads. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: A robotic manipulator was used to apply combined valgus and internal rotation torques in a simplified model of the pivot-shift examination in 12 cadaveric knees (49 ± 11 years). Tibiofemoral kinematics were recorded with the ACL intact. Loads borne by the superficial MCL (sMCL), posterior oblique ligament (POL), deep MCL (dMCL), and ACL were determined via the principle of superposition. Results: The POL bore about 50% of the load carried by the ACL in response to the combined torques at 5° and 15° of flexion. The POL bore load during the internal rotation component of the combined torques, while the sMCL carried load during the valgus and internal rotation phases of the simulated pivot. Load in the dMCL was always <10% of the ACL in response to combined valgus and internal rotation torques. Conclusion: The POL provides complementary load bearing to the ACL near extension in response to combined torques, which capture key components of the pivot-shift examination. The sMCL resists the valgus component of the maneuver alone, a loading pattern unique from those of the POL and ACL. The dMCL is not loaded during clinical tests of rotational knee stability in the ACL-competent knee. Clinical Relevance: Both the sMCL and POL work together with the ACL to resist combined moments, which form key components of the pivot-shift examination.
Synergistic Benefit of Statin and Metformin in Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Authors: Nimako George K. , Wintrob Zachary A. P. , Sulik Dmitriy A. , Donato Jennifer L. , Ceacareanu Alice C. 
Published: January 2016

Objectives: To evaluate whether statin use influences gastrointestinal cancer prognosis in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: We reviewed all DM patients diagnosed at Roswell Park Cancer Institute with emergent gastrointestinal malignancy (January 2003 to December 2010) (N = 222). Baseline demographic, clinical history, and cancer outcomes were documented. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) comparisons across various treatment groups were assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards. Results: Use of statin, alone or in combination, was associated with improved OS and DFS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.65, P = .06; HR = 0.60, P < .02). We report similar OS and DFS advantage among users of mono- or combined metformin therapy (HR = 0.55, P < .01; HR = 0.63, P < .02). Concomitant use of metformin and statin provided a synergistic OS and DFS benefit (HR = 0.42, P < .01; HR = 0.44, P < .01). Despite significant tobacco and alcohol use history, patients with upper gastrointestinal cancers derived enhanced cancer outcomes from this combination (HR = 0.34, P < .01; HR = 0.43, P < .02), while receiving a statin without metformin or metformin without a statin did not provide significant cancer-related benefits. Conclusion: Use of statin and metformin provides a synergistic improvement in gastrointestinal malignancies outcomes.
Evaluating care from a care ethical perspective:: A pilot study
Authors: Kuis Esther E , Goossensen Anne 
Published: January 2016

Background: Care ethical theories provide an excellent opening for evaluation of healthcare practices since searching for (moments of) good care from a moral perspective is central to care ethics. However, a fruitful way to translate care ethical insights into measurable criteria and how to measure these criteria has as yet been unexplored: this study describes one of the first attempts. Objective: To investigate whether the emotional touchpoint method is suitable for evaluating care from a care ethical perspective. Research design: An adapted version of the emotional touchpoint interview method was used. Touchpoints represent the key moments to the experience of receiving care, where the patient recalls being touched emotionally or cognitively. Participants and research context: Interviews were conducted at three different care settings: a hospital, mental healthcare institution and care facility for older people. A total of 31 participants (29 patients and 2 relatives) took part in the study. Ethical considerations: The research was found not to be subject to the (Dutch) Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act. Findings: A three-step care ethical evaluation model was developed and described using two touchpoints as examples. A focus group meeting showed that the method was considered of great value for partaking institutions in comparison with existing methods. Reflection and discussion: Considering existing methods to evaluate quality of care, the touchpoint method belongs to the category of instruments which evaluate the patient experience. The touchpoint method distinguishes itself because no pre-defined categories are used but the values of patients are followed, which is an essential issue from a care ethical perspective. The method portrays the insider perspective of patients and thereby contributes to humanizing care. Conclusion: The touchpoint method is a valuable instrument for evaluating care; it generates evaluation data about the core care ethical principle of responsiveness.