bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Big data and partial least‐squares prediction
Authors: Cook R. Dennis , Forzani Liliana 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe give a commentary on the challenges of big data for Statistics. We then narrow our discussion to one of those challenges: dimension reduction. This leads to consideration of one particular dimension reduction method—partial least‐squares (PLS) regression—for prediction in big high‐dimensional regressions where the sample size and the number of predictors are both large. We show that in some regression contexts single‐component PLS predictions converge at the usual root‐nrate asregardless of the relationship between the sample sizenand number of predictorsp. Asymptotically, PLS predictions then behave as regression predictions in the usual context wherepis fixed andThese results support the conjecture that PLS regression can be an effective method for prediction in big high‐dimensional regressions.The Canadian Journal of Statistics46: 62–78; 2018 © 2017 Statistical Society of Canada
Experimentelles Zentralabitur in Niedersachsen – Quo Vadis?
Authors: Beeken Marco , Bütergerds Kerstin , Steinhart Martin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn den letzten Jahren wurden immer wieder Änderungen bezüglich des Zentralabiturs in Niedersachsen beschlossen. Eine sehr fachspezifische Änderung in der Chemie ist die Einführung des experimentellen Abiturs seit 2013, nach der die Schülerinnen und Schüler wahlweise ein Abitur mit experimentellem Anteil ablegen können, sofern dies von der Schule angeboten wird. In diesem Beitrag wird dieses Konzept umfassend beleuchtet. Zunächst werden die Umsetzung und Organisationen in den Schulen erläutert. Anschließend werden empirische Studien vorgestellt, die mit beteiligten Lehrkräften qualitativ und mit Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten quantitativ geführt wurden, um jeweilige Ergebnisse zu berichten. In diesen werden vor allem die Beweggründe und daraus resultierende Wahltendenzen der Abiturientinnen und Abiturienten mit der Möglichkeit der Ablegung des experimentellen Abiturs vorgestellt, aber auch der Fall beleuchtet, dass es für viele Schulen nicht möglich scheint, ein experimentelles Abitur anzubieten. Aufgrund der sehr gespaltenen Auffassungen zu dem Konzept „Experimentelles Zentralabitur”, schließt der Artikel mit einer ergebnisgeleiteten Diskussion.
Optimal secondary prevention medication use in acute myocardial infarction patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease is modified by management strategy: insights from the TRIUMPH Registry
Authors: Pitts Reynaria , Daugherty Stacie L. , Tang Fengming , Jones Philip , Ho P. Michael , Tsai Thomas T. , Spertus John , Maddox Thomas M. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundPatients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and nonobstructive coronary artery disease (nonobCAD) may be perceived to be at lower risk for cardiac events, relative to those with obstructive CAD (obCAD), and thus less likely to receive optimal preventive medications in the year following AMI.HypothesisWe aimed to determine if AMI patients with nonobCAD, compared to obCAD, received lower rates of prevention medications in the year following AMI.MethodsWe compared optimal prevention medication use at hospital discharge, 1, 6, and 12 months after hospitalization. Optimal medication use was defined as the receipt of all prevention medications for which that patient was eligible (eg, aspirin, clopidogrel, statins, β‐blockers, and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers). We used multivariable logistic regression analyses to determine the association between nonobCAD to medication use and adjusted for potential confounders.ResultsThree thousand six hundred thirty AMI patients were studied, of whom 200 (5.2%) had nonobCAD. Fewer nonobCAD patients received optimal medication use compared to obCAD patients at discharge (31% vs 65%, P < 0.001), driven primarily by lower rates of clopidogrel use (40.5% vs 83.3%, P < 0.001). After adjustment for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), differences in medication use were similar at discharge and 1 year after hospitalization. Stratified analyses by receipt of PCI suggested patients confined to medical management had less optimal medication use, regardless of their CAD burden.ConclusionsLower rates of unadjusted optimal medication use were seen in nonobCAD patients, driven by low clopidogrel use among medically managed patients, suggesting improvement efforts should focus on these patients.
Efficacy and feasibility of sorafenib as a maintenance agent after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Battipaglia Giorgia , Ruggeri Annalisa , Massoud Radwan , El Cheikh Jean , Jestin Matthieu , Antar Ahmad , Ahmed Syed Osman , Rasheed Walid , Shaheen Marwan , Belhocine Ramdane , Brissot Eolia , Dulery Remy , Eder Sandra , Giannotti Federica , Isnard Francoise , Lapusan Simona , Rubio Marie‐Therese , Vekhoff Anne , Aljurf Mahmoud , Legrand Ollivier , Mohty Mohamad , Bazarbachi Ali 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDSorafenib has shown encouraging results in patients with Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)‐positive acute myeloid leukemia. Its role after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been reported in a few cases with encouraging results.METHODSThe authors describe the use of sorafenib as a maintenance agent after HSCT in 27 patients with FLT3‐positive acute myeloid leukemia.RESULTSThe median age of the patients was 46 years (range, 15‐57 years). Sorafenib was introduced at a median of 70 days (range, 29‐337 days) after HSCT. The median treatment duration was 8.4 months (range, 0.2‐46 months). Eleven patients experienced treatment toxicities, mainly of grade 1 to 2 (graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria [version 4.0]). Dose reduction or withdrawal was required in 4 patients and 4 patients, respectively. The persistence of toxicity prompted treatment withdrawal in 1 patient. Clinical improvement followed dose modifications. Thirteen patients experienced chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (limited in 9 patients and extensive in 4 patients), resulting in dose reduction in 5 patients followed by withdrawal in 1 of these individuals. At a median follow‐up of 18 months (range, 4‐48 months), 25 patients were alive (all of whom were in complete molecular remission) and 18 were still receiving treatment, with 1‐year overall survival and progression‐free survival rates of 92% ± 6% and 92% ± 5%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSSorafenib treatment after HSCT appears to be feasible and highly effective with dose individualization according to patient tolerability. Further analysis is needed to evaluate the immunomodulating role of sorafenib after HSCT. The data from the current support prospective controlled trials of sorafenib after HSCT. Cancer 2017;123:2867–74. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Effect of depression before breast cancer diagnosis on mortality among postmenopausal women
Authors: Liang Xiaoyun , Margolis Karen L. , Hendryx Michael , Reeves Katherine , Wassertheil‐Smoller Sylvia , Weitlauf Julie , Danhauer Suzanne C. , Chlebowski Rowan T. , Caan Bette , Qi Lihong , Lane Dorothy , Lavasani Sayeh , Luo Juhua 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDFew previous studies investigating depression before the diagnosis of breast cancer and breast cancer–specific mortality have examined depression measured at more than 1 time point. This study investigated the effect of depression (combining depressive symptoms alone with antidepressant use) measured at 2 time points before the diagnosis of breast cancer on all‐cause mortality and breast cancer–specific mortality among older postmenopausal women.METHODSA large prospective cohort, the Women's Health Initiative, was used. The study included 3095 women with incident breast cancer who had measures of depressive symptoms and antidepressant use before their diagnosis at the baseline and at year 3. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) between depression at the baseline, depression at year 3, and combinations of depression at these time points and all‐cause mortality and breast cancer–specific mortality.RESULTSDepression at year 3 before a breast cancer diagnosis was associated with higher all‐cause mortality after adjustments for multiple covariates (HR, 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02‐1.78). There was no statistically significant association of baseline depression and all‐cause mortality or breast cancer–specific mortality whether or not depression was also present at year 3. In women with late‐stage (regional‐ or distant‐stage) breast cancer, newly developed depression at year 3 was significantly associated with both all‐cause mortality (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.13‐3.56) and breast cancer–specific mortality (HR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.24‐4.70).CONCLUSIONSWomen with newly developed depression before the diagnosis of breast cancer had a modestly but significantly increased risk for death from any cause and for death from breast cancer at a late stage. Cancer 2017;123:3107–15. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Perioperative chemotherapy versus postoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with resectable gastric/gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinomas: A survival analysis of 5058 patients
Authors: Fitzgerald Timothy L. , Efird Jimmy T. , Bellamy Nelly , Russo Suzanne M. , Jindal Charulata , Mosquera Catalina , Holliday Elizabeth G. , Biswas Tithi 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDBoth perioperative chemotherapy (PECT) and postoperative chemoradiotherapy (POCRT) have a significant survival advantage over surgery alone for the treatment of patients with gastric cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, these regimens have not been compared in a randomized clinical trial. The purpose of the current observational study was to compare overall survival among patients receiving PECT versus POCRT for the treatment of gastric/gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinomas.METHODSPatients with resected clinical American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM stage II or III adenocarcinomas of the stomach or GEJ from 2004 through 2013 were identified utilizing the National Cancer Data Base. Hazard ratios (HRs), 95% confidence intervals, and P values were computed using a Cox proportional hazards procedure. Multivariable models were adjusted for treatment regimen, age, race, ethnicity, tumor size, TNM stage, Charlson comorbidity index, and tumor grade.RESULTSPatients receiving PECT had a 72% survival advantage compared with those treated with POCRT (5058 patients; HR, 0.58 [adjusted P<.0001]). The 5‐year actuarial survival rate for PECT was 44% compared with 38% for POCRT. A statistically significant survival advantage for PECT also was observed when the analysis was stratified by clinical stage of disease (stage II [3192 patients]: adjusted HR, 0.79 [P = .041]; and stage III [1866 patients]: adjusted HR, 0.49 [P<.0001]). This benefit was greatest among patients with lymph node‐positive disease who converted to lymph node‐negative status with PECT.CONCLUSIONSIn this large series of patients with stage II/III resected gastric/GEJ adenocarcinomas from >1500 American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer‐accredited facilities, patients receiving PECT were shown to survive longer than those receiving POCRT. Cancer 2017;123:2909–17. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Mindfulness practice reduces cortisol blunting during chemotherapy: A randomized controlled study of colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Black David S. , Peng Cheng , Sleight Alix G. , Nguyen Nathalie , Lenz Heinz‐Josef , Figueiredo Jane C. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this randomized clinical experiment was to test the influence of a mindfulness meditation practice, when delivered during 1 session of active chemotherapy administration, on the acute salivary cortisol response as a marker of neuroendocrine system activity in cancer patients.METHODSA mindfulness, attention‐control, or resting exposure was assigned to 57 English‐ or Spanish‐speaking colorectal cancer patients at 1 county oncology clinic and 1 university oncology clinic at the start of chemotherapy. Saliva samples were collected at the start of chemotherapy and at subsequent 20‐minute intervals during the first 60 minutes of chemotherapy (4 samples in all). Self‐reporting on biobehavioral assessments after chemotherapy included distress, fatigue, and mindfulness.RESULTSAn area‐under‐the‐curve analysis (AUC) showed a relative increase in cortisol reactivity in the mindfulness group after adjustments for biological and clinical measures (β = 123.21; P = .03). More than twice as many patients in the mindfulness group versus the controls displayed a cortisol rise from the baseline to 20 minutes (69% vs 34%; P = .02). AUC values were uncorrelated with biobehavioral measure scores, although mindfulness scores were inversely correlated with fatigue (r = –0.46; P < .01) and distress scores (r = –0.54; P < .01).CONCLUSIONSFindings suggest that mindfulness practice during chemotherapy can reduce the blunting of neuroendocrine profiles typically observed in cancer patients. Implications include support for the use of mindfulness practice in integrative oncology. Cancer 2017;123:3088–96. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Role of Alumina Basicity in CO2 Uptake in 3‐Aminopropylsilyl‐Grafted Alumina Adsorbents
Authors: Potter Matthew E. , Cho Kyeong Min , Lee Jason J. , Jones Christopher W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOxide‐supported amine materials are widely known to be effective CO2 sorbents under simulated flue‐gas and direct‐air‐capture conditions. Most work has focused on amine species loaded onto porous silica supports, though potential stability advantages may be offered through the use of porous alumina supports. Unlike silica materials, which are comparably inert, porous alumina materials can be tuned to have substantial acidity and/or basicity. Owing to their amphoteric nature, alumina supports play a more active role in CO2 sorption than silica supports, potentially directly participating in the adsorption process. In this work, primary amines associated with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane are grafted onto two different mesoporous alumina materials having different levels of basicity. Adsorbent materials with different amine loadings are prepared, and the CO2‐adsorption behavior of similar amines on the two alumina supports is demonstrated to be different. At low amine loadings, the inherent properties of the support surface play a significant role, whereas at high amine loadings, when the alumina surface is effectively blocked, the sorbents prepared on the two supports behave similarly. At high amine loadings, amine–CO2–amine interactions are shown to dominate, leading to adsorbed species that appear similar to the species formed over silica‐supported amine materials. The sorbent properties are comprehensively characterized using N2 physisorption analysis, in situ FTIR spectroscopy, and adsorption microcalorimetry.
Diagnosing clear cell neuroendocrine tumors on cytological specimens: Report of two cases and brief literature review
Authors: Buckley Kaila , Li Zaibo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlthough many of the common manifestations of Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease are relatively well known, there is one particular entity which is quite rare, but which appears to show a specific predilection for VHL patients. This entity is clear cell neuroendocrine tumor (NET). It is a difficult diagnosis to make due to its cytomorphologic similarities to other entities, such as metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma and paraganglioma, amongst others. These tumors, however, are characteristically positive for neuroendocrine markers such as synaptophysin and chromogranin, as well as cytokeratins. Emerging evidence also suggests that clear cell NETs in VHL patients are specifically positive for inhibin, when compared to their counterparts in non‐VHL patients, which may assist in the diagnosis in as yet undiagnosed patients with VHL disease. Herein, we present two cases of inhibin‐positive clear cell NETs, one in a VHL patient, and the other in a non‐VHL patient. These cases propose a potential warning to those relying on inhibin positivity to incite an expedition down a rabbit hole for a diagnosis of VHL. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:757–760. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infection on leaf photosynthetic characteristics and resource‐use efficiency of Pinus massoniana
Authors: Gao Ruihe , Wang Zhuang , Shi Juan , Luo Youqing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPine wilt disease (PWD) is considered as the most destructive forest‐invasive alien species in China. We measured gas exchange parameters and foliar carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of different infection phases of Masson pine in order to investigate the effect of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus infection on photosynthetic responses and resource‐use efficiency. The results showed that net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (T), stomatal conductance (gs), and internal CO2 concentrations (Ci) decreased in the infested trees at photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) levels from 0 to 2,000 μmol m−2 s−1 compared with controls. The maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) was significantly declined in the infected trees than in controls (p < .05). There also exist significant differences in dark respiration rate (Rd) among different infection phases (p < .05), but the value is highest in the middle infection phase, followed by the control and then the terminal infection phase. This indicates that Pinus massoniana plants need to consume more photosynthetic products during the middle infection phase in order to defend against pine sawyer beetle feeding and PWD infection. Isotopic analysis revealed a significant decrease of the foliar δ13C (p < .05), as much as 2.5‰ lower in the infected trees. The mean leaf N content was about 12.94% less in the middle infection phase and 27.06% less in the terminal infection phase, causing a significant increase of the foliar C:N ratio in infested trees. Both of the net photosynthetic rates and foliar δ13C were linearly correlated with the foliar N content. We also found a significant decrease (p < .05) of resource‐use efficiency in PWD‐induced P. massoniana plants, which can be attributed to the closure of stomatal pores and the inactivation or loss of both Rubisco and other key Calvin cycle enzymes. This study highlights the impact of photosynthetic characteristics, foliar carbon isotope ratios, and resource‐use efficiency of PWD‐induced trees, which can help identify PWD infestations at the photosynthetic and physiological levels so as to better facilitate management actions.
Divergence of thermal physiological traits in terrestrial breeding frogs along a tropical elevational gradient
Authors: von May Rudolf , Catenazzi Alessandro , Corl Ammon , Santa‐Cruz Roy , Carnaval Ana Carolina , Moritz Craig 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCritical thermal limits are thought to be correlated with the elevational distribution of species living in tropical montane regions, but with upper limits being relatively invariant compared to lower limits. To test this hypothesis, we examined the variation of thermal physiological traits in a group of terrestrial breeding frogs (Craugastoridae) distributed along a tropical elevational gradient. We measured the critical thermal maximum (CTmax;n = 22 species) and critical thermal minimum (CTmin;n = 14 species) of frogs captured between the Amazon floodplain (250 m asl) and the high Andes (3,800 m asl). After inferring a multilocus species tree, we conducted a phylogenetically informed test of whether body size, body mass, and elevation contributed to the observed variation inCTmaxandCTminalong the gradient. We also tested whetherCTmaxandCTminexhibit different rates of change given that critical thermal limits (and their plasticity) may have evolved differently in response to different temperature constraints along the gradient. Variation of critical thermal traits was significantly correlated with species’ elevational midpoint, their maximum and minimum elevations, as well as the maximum air temperature and the maximum operative temperature as measured across this gradient. Both thermal limits showed substantial variation, butCTminexhibited relatively faster rates of change thanCTmax, as observed in other taxa. Nonetheless, our findings call for caution in assuming inflexibility of upper thermal limits and underscore the value of collecting additional empirical data on species’ thermal physiology across elevational gradients.
Eomes expression reports the progressive differentiation of IFN‐γ‐producing Th1‐like γδ T cells
Authors: Lino Ciro N. R. , Barros‐Martins Joana , Oberdörfer Linda , Walzer Thierry , Prinz Immo 
Published: April 2017

The transcription factor Eomesodermin (Eomes) plays a crucial role in regulating cytotoxic function, development, and survival of immune cells. γδ T cells can express Eomes, but its contribution to their differentiation is unknown. Using Eomes‐IRES‐GFP mice, we show that Eomes+ γδ T cells are unequally distributed among organs, with the highest proportion in spleen. While the majority of Eomes+ γδ T cells expressed Vγ1+ and Vγ4+ TCRs, Eomes was absent in Vγ5+, Vγ6+, and Vγ7+ subsets. Moreover, Eomes was co‐expressed in γδ T cells with Th1 lineage‐related factors such as CD27, T‐bet, and Ly6C, but not with Th17 lineage‐related genes. Eomes+ and Eomes‒ γδ T‐cell populations showed distinct gene expression profiles, with an increase of cytotoxic‐related genes in Eomes+ γδ T cells. Furthermore, Eomes could be induced in peripheral γδ T cells by IL‐12 and IL‐4, and Eomes+ γδ T cells presented a higher proliferation rate and IFN‐γ production when stimulated in vitro with IL‐12 and IL‐18. However, γδ T cells with very high Eomes levels displayed an exhausted phenotype with high levels of PD‐1, and were less capable of IFN‐γ production. Together, this study highlights Eomes as a marker for the differentiation of Th1‐like effector γδ T cells.
The balance between Treg and TH17 cells: CD11b and interleukin‐6
Authors: Garbers Christoph , Rose‐John Stefan 
Published: April 2017

One of the gold standards for animal models of rheumatoid arthritis is the murine collagen‐induced arthritis model. Native type II collagen together with CFA is injected into susceptible mouse strains. Unfortunately, only mice with H‐2q or H‐2r MHC haplotypes are susceptible, making the widely used C57BL/6 mouse strain, which carries the H‐2b haplotype, resistant against the disease. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Stevanin et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2017. 47: 637–645] now convincingly show that although WT C57BL/6 mice are resistant to collagen‐induced arthritis, mice with a homozygous deletion of CD11b on the same genetic background are fully susceptible in this important animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. They clearly demonstrate that the injection of type II collagen together with CFA leads to early onset of the disease with high incidence and with sustained severity. The authors further characterize this disease with an increase of leukocyte infiltration and enhanced TH17 differentiation.