bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Ordering of Natural Selection and Population Regulation Mechanisms on Wright-Fisher Models
Authors: He Zhangyi , Beaumont Mark , Yu Feng 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We explore the effect of different mechanisms of natural selection on the evolution of populations for one- and two-locus systems. We compare the effect of viability and fecundity selection in the context of the Wright-Fisher model with selection under the assumption of multiplicative fitness. We show that these two modes of natural selection correspond to different orderings of the processes of population regulation and natural selection in the Wright-Fisher model. We find that under the Wright-Fisher model these two different orderings can affect the distribution of trajectories of haplotype frequencies evolving with genetic recombination. However, the difference in the distribution of trajectories is only appreciable when the population is in significant linkage disequilibrium. We find that as linkage disequilibrium decays the trajectories for the two different models rapidly become indistinguishable. We discuss the significance of these findings in terms of biological examples of viability and fecundity selection, and speculate that the effect may be significant when factors such as gene migration maintain a degree of linkage disequilibrium.
Manipulating the Mitochondrial Genome To Enhance Cattle Embryo Development
Authors: Srirattana Kanokwan , St. John Justin C 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe mixing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from the donor cell and the recipient oocyte in embryos and offspring derived from somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) compromises genetic integrity and affects embryo development. We set out to generate SCNT embryos that inherited their mtDNA from the recipient oocyte only, as is the case following natural conception. While SCNT blastocysts produced from Holstein (Bos taurus) fibroblasts were depleted of their mtDNA, and oocytes derived from Angus (Bos taurus) cattle possessed oocyte mtDNA only, the coexistence of donor cell and oocyte mtDNA resulted in blastocysts derived from nondepleted cells. Moreover, the use of the reprogramming agent, Trichostatin A (TSA), further improved the development of embryos derived from depleted cells. RNA-seq analysis highlighted 35 differentially expressed genes from the comparison between blastocysts generated from nondepleted cells and blastocysts from depleted cells, both in the presence of TSA. The only differences between these two sets of embryos were the presence of donor cell mtDNA, and a significantly higher mtDNA copy number for embryos derived from nondepleted cells. Furthermore, the use of TSA on embryos derived from depleted cells positively modulated the expression of CLDN8, TMEM38A, and FREM1, which affect embryonic development. In conclusion, SCNT embryos produced by mtDNA depleted donor cells have the same potential to develop to the blastocyst stage without the presumed damaging effect resulting from the mixture of donor and recipient mtDNA.
Teacher’s Study Guide for Becoming Ourselves: <i>How Immigrant Women Transformed Their World</i>
Authors: Women Advocates Asian Immigrant 
Published: May 2017

Becoming Ourselves: How Immigrant Women Transformed Their World is a film directed by Gary Delgado. It explores how the Community Transformational Organizing Strategy (CTOS) of Asian Immigrant Women Advocates (AIWA), a community-based labor organization in Oakland, California, enables low-wage, limited-English-speaking, immigrant women workers to redefine the meaning of leadership and to deepen our society’s capacity for democracy. AIWA has been an inspiration to hundreds of workers in the garment, electronics, restaurant, nail care, and home care industries of the Bay Area, and the organization’s CTOS method has been an influential model for many activist organizations. The film features testimony from rank-and-file workers active in AIWA as well as from present and former staff members speaking about the organization’s history of education, organization, and mobilization. This guide is designed to help teachers incorporate Becoming Ourselves into college courses in ethnic studies, women’s studies, sociology, and politics. It is meant to promote interactive, student-centered engagement so that the film becomes a learning tool and not merely a spectacle.
Comparative study of CURB-65, Pneumonia Severity Index and IDSA/ATS scoring systems in community acquired pneumonia in an Indian tertiary care setting
Authors: Madhu S. , Augustine Sabu , Ravi Kumar Y. S. , Kauser M. M. Kauser , Kumar S. R. Vagesh , Jayaraju B. S. 
Published: May 2017

Background: Few comparative studies regarding prognostic scoring systems for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) are available from Indian context.Methods: Hospital-based prospective study to test the comparison between confusion, urea, respiratory rate, blood pressure, age over 65 years (CURB-65), Pneumonia severity index (PSI) and infectious diseases society of America/American thoracic society criteria (IDSA/ATS) scoring systems in patients with community acquired pneumonia.Results: CURB-65 class ≥III, PSI class ≥IV and patients who needed admission to intensive care unit (ICU) based on IDSA/ATS criteria were having sensitivity of 41.7%, 91.7% and 87.5% in predicting ICU admission with a specificity of 89.5%, 59.2% and 73.7% respectively. Their sensitivity in predicting death were 44.4%, 88.9% and 83.3% with a specificity of 87.8%, 54.9% and 68.3% respectively. In both PSI score and IDSA/ATS criteria risk scoring systems, mortality rate, need for ICU admission increased progressively with increasing scores but CURB-65 score did not show this correlation. The PSI class ≥IV was more sensitive in predicting ICU admission than CURB-65 and IDSA/ATS criteria.Conclusions: PSI was most sensitive in both predicting ICU admission and death whereas CURB-65 is most specific in predicting ICU admission and death. But CURB-65 is least sensitive in both predicting ICU admission and death. Even though IDSA/ATS criteria did not have highest sensitivity and specificity as single criteria it had modest sensitivity and specificity in predicting ICU admission and death.
To study surgical outcome of various surgical procedures of lateral release in valgus knee in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Patel Ankit , Shah Hiren , Shah Aalok , Gajjar Sharvil Hetavbhai , Shah Ripple , Shah Suril 
Published: May 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Fixed valgus deformity presents a major challenge in total knee arthroplasty (TKA), especially in moderate or severe cases. In knee arthritis, fixed-varus deformity (50 to 55%) is three times more frequent than fixed-valgus deformity (10 to 15%). Valgus deformity occurs more commonly in rheumatoid arthritis and also in osteoarthritis with hypoplasia of the lateral femoral condyle. Valgus deformity is often associated with flexion or external rotation contracture of the knee. In this study we aim to study the surgical outcome of total knee replacement in valgus deformity via standard medial parapatellar approach using various techniques like Pie –Crusting release of lateral structures or combined technique of pie crusting and standard release of lateral structures. Aim: To evaluate surgical outcome of various surgical techniques via standard medial parapatellar approach in fixed valgus deformity in Total Knee Arthroplasty.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present study involved both male and female patients with osteoarthritis of knee with valgus deformity. In present series, 26 consecutive patients of osteoarthritis with valgus deformity operated with total knee replacement were included. Previously operated cases of high tibial osteotomy and patients having contraindication for TKA were excluded from the study.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Valgus angle in this study was between 13 to 27 degree with average 17.84 degree. These results were comparable to many such similar studies. In our study, post operatively, knee society score was average 87.69 and function knee score was 82.5. Mean range of motion was 105 degree. In our study, mean tibiofemoral alignment improved from 17.84 valgus to 4.7 valgus.</p><p class="Default"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Knee society score is excellent with both techniques and there is no difference in both techniques Iliotibial band and posterolateral capsule are most common structures that require release. Initial ligament balancing should be done with pie crusting and then sequential lateral release if require. </p>
Conocimiento y uso del lenguaje matemático en la formación inicial de docentes en matemáticas
Authors: Hernández-Suárez César Augusto , Prada-Núñez Raúl , Gamboa-Suárez Audin Aloiso 
Published: May 2017

Este artículo analiza los niveles de competencias en el conocimiento y uso del lenguaje matemático que poseen y emplean los estudiantes durante su formación inicial en la carrera de docencia en matemáticas, en una universidad pública colombiana. La investigación se propone establecer el nivel de conocimiento y uso del lenguaje matemático entre estos estudiantes, qué nivel de habilidad matemática emplean y su competencia para comunicar por escrito sus conocimientos. El diseño de la investigación es descriptivo y de campo, para lo cual se empleó como muestra un grupo de 92 estudiantes de un programa de formación inicial de docentes que cursan las asignaturas del eje disciplinar de matemáticas. Sobre la base de la resolución escrita de problemas se determinó el nivel de conocimiento y uso del lenguaje matemático empleado por los estudiantes. Los resultados muestran desconocimiento y mal uso del lenguaje y la simbología matemática, de las reglas de la lógica y escasa capacidad de razonamiento, lo cual genera dificultades para comprender y resolver problemas matemáticos. Se determinó asimismo que los estudiantes presentan mayores dificultades en la traducción del lenguaje cotidiano al formal, en la identificación de objetos matemáticos y en el trabajo con conceptos que ameritan demostraciones lógicas. Los estudiantes poseen un nivel insuficiente de conocimiento y uso del lenguaje matemático, habilidad matemática también baja y mayor competencia para descifrar el lenguaje matemático hacia el verbal que en cifrar lenguaje verbal en lenguaje matemático.
Agrohidronegócio e dinâmicas territoriais em Rondônia
Authors: Almeida Ricarte Carlos Alberto de , Costa Silva Ricardo Gilson da 
Published: May 2017

O início do século XXI manifesta a expansão do agrohidronegócio em Rondônia, no qual o uso estratégico da terra e da água se coloca como ativo econômico na dinâmica territorial da acumulação do capital. Assim, analisa-se o agronegócio da soja no sul rondoniense e a construção de sistemas de objetos (portos e hidrovia) que possibilitam a fluidez territorial, ao tempo que articula a importância do rio Madeira nessa nova dinâmica territorial no norte rondoniense. Conclui-se que a geografia local está cada vez mais pressionada pelas variáveis externas, qualificando os lugares como manifestação da totalidade mundo, quando se considera o processo de produção de commodities na região. Agrohidronegócio, Dinâmicas territoriais, Rondônia.
Sequential calibration of a water quality model using reach-specific parameter estimates
Authors: Chaudhary Shushobhit , Dhanya C. T. , Kumar Arun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCalibration is the most critical phase in any water quality modelling process. This study proposes a sequential calibration methodology for any water quality model using reach-specific estimates of model parameters, which would aid in the improved prediction of river water quality characteristics. The proposed methodology accounts for the heterogeneity of river reaches, i.e., diverse characteristics of different reaches on the river stretch. The water quality model, QUAL2K, is coupled with MATLAB, a computing platform, to facilitate sequential estimation of reach-wise model parameters using a grid-based weighted average optimization. The Delhi segment of the Yamuna River is selected as study river stretch. Observations of water quality variables, dissolved oxygen and biochemical oxygen demand are used to calibrate and validate QUAL2K. Desirable performance measures are obtained during the calibration and the validation period. The methodology proves superior to the existing calibration methodologies applied over the study region. The proposed technique also captures the system behaviour effectively, through a systematic, efficient and user-friendly way. The proposed approach is expected to aid decision-makers in formulating better reach-wise management decisions and treatment policies by providing a simpler and efficient way to simulate water quality parameters.
Evaluation of water efficiency programs in single-family households in the UK: a case study
Authors: Manouseli D. , Kayaga S. M. , Kalawsky R. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Current water supply worldwide is facing growing pressure as a result of climate change and increasing water demand due to growing population and lifestyle changes. The traditional way of fulfilling the growing demand–supply gap by seeking new water supply options such as exploiting new fresh water resources and investing in the expansion of infrastructure is no longer considered environmentally or economically sustainable. A diverse portfolio of water efficiency measures is now a requirement for the majority of water companies in the UK. This paper presents results from a statistical analysis of a unique water efficiency program case study. The study evaluates the effectiveness of installing water-saving devices in single-family households in areas where a major UK water supply company operates. Using multilevel models, the study accurately measures the water savings achieved through the efficiency program and defines the factors that affect a household's potential to save water. Analysis illustrated a mean 7% decrease in consumption, explicitly attributable to the efficiency program. Research findings provide strong evidence that single resident and financially stretched households have a bigger potential to conserve water than larger and more affluent ones and also highlight the robustness of multilevel analysis, even in cases of data limitations.
Glucose Peaks and the Risk of Dementia and 20-Year Cognitive Decline
Authors: Rawlings Andreea M. , Sharrett A. Richey , Mosley Thomas H. , Ballew Shoshana H. , Deal Jennifer A. , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE
Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), a measure of average blood glucose level, is associated with the risk of dementia and cognitive impairment. However, the role of glycemic variability or glucose excursions in this association is unclear. We examined the association of glucose peaks in midlife, as determined by the measurement of 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) level, with the risk of dementia and 20-year cognitive decline.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Nearly 13,000 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study were examined. Dementia was ascertained from surveillance, neuropsychological testing, telephone calls with participants or their proxies, or death certificate dementia codes. Cognitive function was assessed using three neuropsychological tests at three visits over 20 years and was summarized as z scores. We used Cox and linear mixed-effects models. 1,5-AG level was dichotomized at 10 μg/mL and examined within clinical categories of HbA1c.

RESULTS
Over a median time of 21 years, dementia developed in 1,105 participants. Among persons with diabetes, each 5 μg/mL decrease in 1,5-AG increased the estimated risk of dementia by 16% (hazard ratio 1.16, P = 0.032). For cognitive decline among participants with diabetes and HbA1c &lt;7% (53 mmol/mol), those with glucose peaks had a 0.19 greater z score decline over 20 years (P = 0.162) compared with those without peaks. Among participants with diabetes and HbA1c ≥7% (53 mmol/mol), those with glucose peaks had a 0.38 greater z score decline compared with persons without glucose peaks (P &lt; 0.001). We found no significant associations in persons without diabetes.

CONCLUSIONS
Among participants with diabetes, glucose peaks are a risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia. Targeting glucose peaks, in addition to average glycemia, may be an important avenue for prevention.
PERBEDAAN PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL ANAK USIA 3-6 TAHUN DENGAN PENDIDIKAN USIA DINI DAN TANPA PENDIDIKAN USIA DINI DI KECAMATAN PETERONGAN JOMBANG
Authors: Wulandari Retno , Ichsan Burhannudin , Romadhon Yusuf Alam 
Published: May 2017

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor diantaranya stimulasi perkembangan dan faktor lingkungan dari anak. Pendidikan anak usia dini merupakan suatu bentuk stimulasi yang pada dasarnya adalah upaya-upaya intervensi yaitu menciptakan lingkungan sekitar anak usia dini agar mampu menstimulasi seluruh aspek perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini observasional analitik, dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dengan teknik random sample (probability samples) dengan pendekatan cluster sampling. Uji statistik yang digunakan uji Chi-Square (nilai expected<5, maksimal 20% dari jumlah sel). Terdapat perbedaan perkembangan sosial pada anak usia 3-6 tahun dengan pendidikan usia dini dan tanpa pendidikan usia dini secara signifikan (p.0,002). Kesimpulan: Terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara perkembangan sosial pada anak usia 3-6 tahun dengan pendidikan usia dini dan tanpa pendidikan usia dini di Kecamatan Peterongan Jombang. Kata kunci.Perkembangan sosial, pendidikan usia dini, anak usia 3-6 tahun
EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% DAUN KEMBANG SEPATU (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) DALAM MEMPERPENDEK WAKTU PERDARAHAN DAN WAKTU PEMBEKUAN PADA MENCIT JANTAN GALUR SWISS
Authors: Aisyah Riandini , Gunawan Ryan Budi , Sutrisna EM 
Published: May 2017

Daun kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) mengandung senyawa tannin dan flavonoid yang berefek sebagai agen hemostatik/penghentian perdarahan melalui mekanisme vasokonstriksi dan astringent. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak topikal kembang sepatu terhadap penghentian perdarahan luar pada mencit. Penelitian bersifat eksperimental laboratoris dengan rancangan post test only with control group design. Subyek penelitian adalah daun kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) dan menggunakan 24 ekor mencit jantan galur Swiss yang dibagi dalam 6 kelompok yaitu : kontrol negatif (aquadest), kontrol positif (Epinefrin), dan kelompok III, IV, V, VI : diberikan ekstrak daun kembang sepatu dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 20% dan 40% diberikan secara topikal. Ekor tikus diberi perlukaan kemudian dicelupkan pada tiap-tiap kelompok untuk diamati dan dihitung waktu perdarahan dan waktu pembekuan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji statistic Oneway Anova dan uji statistic LSD (Least significant Difference). Terdapat perbedaan bermakna dari bleeding timeantara kontrol negatif dengan perlakuan (p.0,000, sementara tidak terdapat perbedaan dalam cotting time (p,0,313.Kesimpulan: ekstrak etanol 70% daun kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 20% dan 40% mampu memperpendek waktu perdarahan, namun, tidak berefek memperpendek waktu pembekuan.Kata kunci : ekstrak daun kembang sepatu (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.), waktu perdarahan, waktu pembekuan
PERBEDAAN KADAR KOLESTEROL TOTAL ANTARA PENDERITA STROKE ISKEMIK DAN STROKE HEMORAGIK
Authors: Aini Athiefah Qurrotul , Pujarini Listyo Asist , Nirlawati Dona Dewi 
Published: May 2017

Stroke merupakan penyebab kematian ketiga di dunia, setelah penyakit jantung dan kanker. Kadar lipid merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh pada morbiditas jangka pendek akibat stroke, sehingga evaluasi perbedaan kadar lipid pada subtipe stroke sangat penting dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perbedaan kadar kolesterol total antara penderita stroke iskemik dan stroke hemoragik.Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data diambil dari rekam medik pasien rawat inap di RS X Surakarta tahun 2014-2015. Sampel terdiri atas 30 penderita stroke iskemik dan 30 penderita stroke hemoragik. Analisa data dengan Uji T Tidak Berpasangan menunjukkan hasil p=0,005. Kadar kolesterol total pada penderita stroke iskemik memiliki rerata 202±33,9 mg/dL, lebih tinggi daripada penderita stroke hemoragik yang memiliki rerata 167,87±53,6 mg/dL. Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah kadar kolesterol total pada penderita stroke iskemik lebih tinggi daripada penderita stroke hemoragik. Kata Kunci: Kadar Kolesterol Total, Kolesterol, Stroke Iskemik, Stroke Hemoragik
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG IMUNISASI DASAR DENGAN KELENGKAPAN IMUNISASI DASAR BAYI DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS BENDO KABUPATEN MAGETAN
Authors: Sari Dewi Nur Intan , Basuki Sri Wahyu , Triastuti N. Juni 
Published: May 2017

Imunisasi merupakan suatu strategi yang efektif dan efisien dalam meningkatkan derajat kesehatan nasional. Alasan bayi tidak mendapatkan imunisasi lengkap karena faktor informasi, mengakibatkan pengetahuan ibu tentang imunisasi kurang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu dengan kelengkapan imunisasi dasar bayi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bendo Kabupaten Magetan. Desain penelitian adalah penelitian observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah ibu yang datang ke posyandu dengan anaknya berumur 9-12 bulan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bendo Kabupaten Magetan dengan teknik pengambilan sampel Cluster sampling.Besar sampel sebanyak 65 responden. Data selanjutnya dianalisis dengan uji Chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan (p<0,001) antara pengetahuan ibu dengan kelengkapan imunisasi dasar bayi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Bendo Kabupaten Magetan Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan Ibu, Kelengkapan Imunisasi’
HUBUNGAN GAYA HIDUP DAN POLA MAKAN DENGAN KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA LANSIA DI KELURAHAN SAWANGAN BARU KOTA DEPOK TAHUN 2015
Authors: Mahmudah Solehatul , Maryusman Taufik , Arini Firlia Ayu , Malkan Ibnu 
Published: May 2017

Beberapa faktor resiko diduga memiliki peran dalam terjadinya hipertensi seperti gaya hidup, pola makan dan usia. Hipertensi merupakan salah satu faktor resiko penyebab terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan gaya hidup dan pola makan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada lansia. Penelitian cross sectional ini diikuti oleh 74 responden dengan cara purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian in mendapatkan proporsi lansia yang mengalami hipertensi sebesar 26,4%. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chisquare dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan ada hubungan antara aktivitas fisik (p=0,024 OR=3,596), asupan lemak (p=0,008 OR=4,364), dan asupan natrium (p=0,001OR=6,103) dengan kejadian hipertensi. Analisis multivariat menunjukkan asupan natrium (OR Exp(B)=4,627)sebagai faktor resiko yang paling berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi. Kata Kunci: Hipertensi, Gaya Hidup, Pola Makan