bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical markers of asthma and IgE assessed in parents before conception predict asthma and hayfever in the offspring
Authors: Bertelsen R. J. , Rava M. , Carsin A. E. , Accordini S. , Benediktsdóttir B. , Dratva J. , Franklin K. A. , Heinrich J. , Holm M. , Janson C. , Johannessen A. , Jarvis D. L. , Jogi R. , Leynaert B. , Norback D. , Omenaas E. R. , Raherison C. , Sánchez‐Ramos J. L. , Schlünssen V. , Sigsgaard T. , Dharmage S. C. , Svanes C. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundMice models suggest epigenetic inheritance induced by parental allergic disease activity. However, we know little of how parental disease activity before conception influences offspring's asthma and allergy in humans.ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the associations of parental asthma severity, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and total and specific IgEs, measured before conception vs. after birth, with offspring asthma and hayfever.MethodsThe study included 4293 participants (mean age 34, 47% men) from the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) with information on asthma symptom severity, BHR, total and specific IgEs from 1991 to 1993, and data on 9100 offspring born 1972–2012. Adjusted relative risk ratios (aRRR) for associations of parental clinical outcome with offspring allergic disease were estimated with multinomial logistic regressions.ResultsOffspring asthma with hayfever was more strongly associated with parental BHR and specific IgE measured before conception than after birth [BHR: aRRR = 2.96 (95% CI: 1.92, 4.57) and 1.40 (1.03, 1.91), respectively; specific IgEs: 3.08 (2.13, 4.45) and 1.83 (1.45, 2.31), respectively]. This was confirmed in a sensitivity analysis of a subgroup of offspring aged 11–22 years with information on parental disease activity both before and after birth.Conclusion & Clinical RelevanceParental BHR and specific IgE were associated with offspring asthma and hayfever, with the strongest associations observed with clinical assessment before conception as compared to after birth of the child. If the hypothesis is confirmed in other studies, parental disease activity assessed before conception may prove useful for identifying children at risk for developing asthma with hayfever.
Coblation® intracapsular tonsillectomy (tonsillotomy) in children: A prospective study of 500 consecutive cases with long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Hoey A.W. , Foden N.M. , Hadjisymeou Andreou S. , Noonan F. , Chowdhury A.K. , Greig S.R. , Sproson E.L. , Allin D. , Amin N. , Wouters K.M. , Jonas N.E. , Tweedie D.J. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesIntracapsular tonsillectomy (tonsillotomy) has been used internationally, mainly in the management of obstructive sleep apnoea, rather than recurrent tonsillitis, with few published data evaluating its use for this latter indication. We present long‐term prospective data from 500 paediatric cases undergoing Coblation® intracapsular tonsillectomy, for both obstructive and infective indications.DesignProspective case series, March 2013‐January 2016, all with completed follow‐up.SettingTertiary paediatric otolaryngological practice.ParticipantsA total of 500 consecutive patients (6 months to 18 years, mean 5.1 years) undergoing Coblation® intracapsular tonsillectomy (with or without adenoidectomy), for obstructive and/ or infective indications, almost exclusively under the care of the senior author (DJT).Main outcome measuresValidated parent‐reported T‐14 tonsil symptom questionnaires were used in all cases pre‐ and postoperatively, including in the long term. Parents also recorded duration of analgesia, time to return to school, any complications and whether they would recommend the procedure.ResultsWith a mean follow‐up 7.4 months, symptom control has been excellent (mean total T‐14 score (/70) 31.01 preoperatively, 2.68 postoperatively, P<.0000001), with similar trends for obstructive and infective domains. Two small secondary haemorrhages required readmission and observation only (0.4%); otherwise, no complications, delayed discharges or readmissions occurred; 12/500 (2.4%) have since undergone revision tonsil surgery, 10 for obstructive and 2 for infective symptoms, the majority in very young children, with revision adenoidectomy at the same time. More than 99% of parents would recommend the surgery.ConclusionsOur experience of this technique has been very positive, with excellent control of both obstructive and infective symptoms, and exceptionally low rates of complications. Further work will be required to allow conclusive demonstration of its advantages over extracapsular tonsillectomy.
Dorsal stream function in the young child: an fMRI investigation of visually guided action
Authors: James Karin H. , Kersey Alyssa J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractVisually guided action is a ubiquitous component of human behavior, but the neural substrates that support the development of this behavior are unknown. Here we take an initial step in documenting visual‐motor system development in the young (4‐ to 7‐year‐old) child. Through functional MRI and by using a new technique to measure the mechanisms underlying real‐time visually guided action in the MRI environment, we demonstrate that children rely primarily on the IPS and cerebellum for this complex behavior. This pattern is consistent across three different visually guided actions, suggesting generalizability of these neural substrates across such tasks. However, minor differences in neural processing across tasks were also demonstrated. Overall, results are interpreted as demonstrating that the functions of the dorsal stream can be viewed as fairly mature in the young child. These results provide a benchmark for future studies that aim to understand the development of the neural circuitry for visually guided action.
The duration of intrapartum maternal hyperglycaemia predicts neonatal hypoglycaemia in women with pre‐existing diabetes
Authors: Joshi T. , Oldmeadow C. , Attia J. , Wynne K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThere is a high incidence of neonatal hypoglycaemia in neonates born to mothers with pre‐existing diabetes. This often necessitates admission to the neonatal intensive care. Guidelines suggest maintaining intrapartum blood glucose levels (BGLs) of 4–7 mmol/l in women with diabetes to reduce the risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia. This study assessed whether intrapartum BGLs in women with pre‐gestational Type 1 and 2 diabetes were predictive of neonatal hypoglycaemia.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 261 births delivered at a tertiary hospital in Australia from 2009 to 2014.ResultsThere were 122 cases of neonatal hypoglycaemia (glucose ≤ 2.6 mmol/l) in 261 births (47%). The mothers in the neonatal hypoglycaemia group spent less time with BGL in the range 4–7 mmol/l [55 ± 37% vs. 65 ± 35%, P = 0.02; odds ratio (OR) 0.992, P = 0.03] and more time with BGL in the 7–10 mmol/l range (31 ± 34% vs. 18 ± 27%, P = 0.003; OR 1.013, P = 0.003) compared with those without neonatal hypoglycaemia. Although statistically significant, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that time spent with maternal BGLs in the range 4–7 mmol/l [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.58] or 7–10 mmol (AUC = 0.60) was not strong enough to be a useful clinical predictor of neonatal hypoglycaemia. HbA1c in the second trimester of pregnancy (P = 0.02, OR 1.42) and percentage time spent in BGL range of 7–10 mmol/l (P = 0.001, OR 1.02) were both associated with a risk of neonatal hypoglycaemia in a logistic regression model. HbA1c in the third trimester (P = 0.07, OR 1.28) approached, but did not reach, significance.ConclusionsThese data support a BGL range of 4–7 mmol/l as an intrapartum target. Glycaemic control in the second trimester is associated with neonatal hypoglycaemia. Improvement in ante‐ and intrapartum glycaemic control may reduce neonatal hypoglycaemia in women with pre‐existing diabetes.
Evidence for Strategic Sex Allocation in the Guppy (Poecilia reticulata): Brood Sex Ratio and Size Predict Subsequent Adult Male Mating Success
Authors: Sato Aya , Karino Kenji 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSex allocation theory predicts that females should produce more sons when the reproductive success of sons is expected to be high, whereas they should produce more daughters, not daughters when the reproductive success of sons is expected to be low. The guppy (Poecilia reticulata) is a live‐bearing fish, and female guppies are known to produce broods with biased sex ratios. In this study, we examined the relationship between brood sex ratio and reproductive success of sons and daughters, to determine whether female guppies benefit from producing broods with biased sex ratios. We found that sons in male‐biased broods had greater mating success at maturity than sons in female‐biased broods when brood sizes were larger. On the other hand, the reproductive output of daughters was not significantly affected by brood sizes and sex ratios. Our results suggest that female guppies benefit from producing large, male‐biased brood when the reproductive success of sons is expected to be high.
The little fish that can feed the world
Authors: Majluf Patricia , De la Puente Santiago , Christensen Villy 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPeru is home to the world's biggest fishery with catches of over 95 million tonnes of anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), since 2000, yet one in six small children in Peru suffer from chronic malnutrition. This is not because anchoveta is unsuitable for human consumption—on the contrary, they are nutritious, tasty and available year‐round, close to the coast. Almost all anchoveta are, however, reduced to provide fishmeal and oil for export. Only a few per cent of the landings are used for direct human consumption, and while this use has increased significantly over the last decade, the growth has stopped because of perverse incentives that encourage landing for reduction purposes, combined with production methods that are expensive and unsuitable for large‐scale operations. We discuss the roadblocks and prospects for significantly increasing the contribution of anchoveta to global food security and provide an outlook for how big this contribution potentially could be. It is time to change how anchoveta is used.
Impacts of climate change for coastal fishers and implications for fisheries
Authors: Savo Valentina , Morton Cedar , Lepofsky Dana 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCoastal Social–Ecological Systems (SESs) are subject to several stresses, including climate change, that challenge fisheries and natural resource management. Fishers are front‐line observers of changes occurring both on the coast and in the sea and are among the first people to be affected by these changes. In this study, we perform a meta‐analysis of observations and adaptations to climate change by subsistence‐oriented coastal fishers extracted from a global review of peer‐reviewed and grey literature. Fishers' observations compiled from across the globe indicate increased temperatures and changes in weather patterns, as well as coastal erosion, sea level rise and shifts in species range and behaviours. Coastal areas offer a wide array of resources for diversifying livelihoods, but climate change is reducing these options. Specifically, climate change could reduce the resilience of fishers' communities, limiting options for diversification or forcing fishers to abandon their houses or villages.
A Population‐Based Comparison of Female and Male Same‐Sex Parent and Different‐Sex Parent Households
Authors: Bos Henny M. W. , Kuyper Lisette , Gartrell Nanette K. 
Published: February 2017

This investigation compared Dutch same‐sex parent and different‐sex parent households on children's psychological well‐being, parenting stress, and support in child rearing. It was also assessed whether associations among children's well‐being, parenting stress, and support in child rearing were different in the two household types. Data were based on a nationally representative survey (N = 25,250). Matching was used to enhance similarity in background characteristics between both types of families. Parental and child characteristics were matched for 43 female same‐sex parent, 52 male same‐sex parent, and 95 different‐sex parent households with offspring between 5 and 18 years old. No significant differences were found on children's well‐being, problems in the parent–child relationship, being worried about the child, or the use of formal and informal support between mothers in same‐sex and different‐sex parent households or for fathers in same‐sex and different‐sex parent households. Regarding perceived confidence in child rearing, fathers in same‐sex parent households and mothers in different‐sex parent households felt less competent than their counterparts. Neither the associations between children's well‐being and the predictors (parenting stress variables) nor those between support and the predictors (parenting stress and children's well‐being) differed along household type. In this population‐based study, the similarity in child outcomes regardless of household type confirms the results of prior investigations based on convenience samples. These findings are pertinent to family therapists, practitioners, court officials, and policymakers who seek information on parenting experiences and child outcomes in female and male same‐sex parent families.
Feminist geopolitics and the Middle East: Refuge, belief, and peace
Authors: Clark Jessie Hanna 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this article, I draw on the work of feminist and critical political geographers to demonstrate what a feminist geopolitics can offer Middle East studies. I cite scholarship of feminist and critical geographers situated within and outside the region to address three key themes: “refuge,” “belief,” and “peace.” In each theme, I use the “body” as a starting point to convene a justice‐oriented methodology of studying and knowing the Middle East. A major objective and contribution of feminist geopolitics to geography has been to recenter political inquiry from the state to the fleshy matter of the body. A “corporeal geopolitics” understands that all bodies have geopolitical agency, that all bodies are vulnerable—albeit differentially—to politics, and that all bodies are connected within and formative of shared economic, social, and political processes across space. Here, I chart ways that a feminist geopolitical analytic focused on “bodies” can contribute to a more complex understanding of the Middle East, one that operates through specificity, accountability, and care.
Clinical results of proton beam therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma over 5 cm
Authors: Kimura Kanako , Nakamura Tatsuya , Ono Takashi , Azami Yusuke , Suzuki Motohisa , Wada Hitoshi , Takayama Kanako , Endo Hiromasa , Takeyama Teruhito , Hirose Katsumi , Takai Yoshihiro , Kikuchi Yasuhiro 
Published: February 2017

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of proton beam therapy for large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsTwenty‐four patients with a HCC larger than 5.0 cm were treated with proton beam therapy at our institution between 2008 and 2015.ResultsThe clinical stage was I in 2 patients, II in 9 patients, and IIIB in 13 patients. Ten of the 24 patients were not surgical candidates because of advanced HCC or old age. Median tumor size was 90 mm (range, 50–180 mm). Median total dose delivered was 72.6 Gray‐equivalents (GyE) in 22 fractions (range, 60.8–85.8 GyE). Median follow‐up period was 17.5 months (range, 3–70 months). Local control rate at 2 years was 87.0%. The 2‐year overall survival rate was 52.4%. The predominant tumor progression pattern was new hepatic tumor development outside the irradiated field. No acute or late treatment‐related toxicity of grade 3 or higher, other than dermatitis, was observed.ConclusionsThese results show that proton beam therapy offers an effective and safe method for treating patients with large HCC. Proton beam therapy represents a promising method for treatment of large‐volume HCC.
Genetic analysis and clinicopathological features of ALK‐rearranged renal cell carcinoma in a large series of resected Chinese renal cell carcinoma patients and literature review
Authors: Yu Wenjuan , Wang Yuewei , Jiang Yanxia , Zhang Wei , Li Yujun 
Published: February 2017

AimsAnaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare subtype of RCC reported in recent years, with eight cases so far. The aims of the present study were to screen ALK‐rearranged cases from a large cohort of RCCs in China to determine the frequency of ALK rearrangement and investigate the clinicopathological features and outcomes.Methods and resultsTissues from a total of 477 RCC patients in China were embedded into tissue microarrays for immunostaining. Fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) and fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) were applied to identify and confirm the rearrangement of ALK, and to identify the genes fused with ALK. ALK expression was identified in two of 477 RCCs. By FISH analysis, the two tumours showed either a 1R1G1F or a 2R2G signal pattern, indicating rearrangement involving ALK. Fluorescence quantitative RT‐PCR detected the TPM3–ALK fusion and EML4–ALK fusion transcripts in the two tumours, respectively. Follow‐up data were analyzed for the two cases and eight other ALK‐rearranged RCCs reported in the literature. Two patients died from RCCs, on the 16th month and 48th month after surgery, respectively. The 5‐year cancer‐specific survival rate of patients with the 10 ALK‐rearranged RCCs was lower than that of patients with International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) G1, G2 and G3 clear cell RCC (CCRCC) and papillary RCC (PRCC), but higher than that of patients with G4 CCRCC and PRCC.ConclusionsALK‐rearranged RCC is a rare subtype of adult RCC and is associated with distinct histological features and a poor prognosis. Identification of ALK‐rearranged RCC has important clinical significance, because patients might benefit from ALK inhibitor therapy as used in lung adenocarcinoma.
Standardized methods for photography in procedural dermatology using simple equipment
Authors: Hexsel Doris , Hexsel Camile L. , Dal'Forno Taciana , Schilling de Souza Juliana , Silva Aline F. , Siega Carolina 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPhotography is an important tool in dermatology. Reproducing the settings of before photos after interventions allows more accurate evaluation of treatment outcomes. In this article, we describe standardized methods and tips to obtain photographs, both for clinical practice and research procedural dermatology, using common equipment. Standards for the studio, cameras, photographer, patients, and framing are presented in this article.
Modification and characterisation of porcine plasma protein with natural agents as potential cross‐linkers
Authors: Samsalee Namfon , Sothornvit Rungsinee 
Published: February 2017

SummaryModification of porcine plasma protein (PPP) using the natural cross‐linkers at different concentrations of rutin (0.6–1% w/w), caffeic acid (1–3% w/w) and genipin (0.15–0.5% w/w) on chemical and thermal properties of PPP was investigated. Among these, rutin was the most significant effective natural agent corresponding to a decrease in the free amino group and sulphydryl group contents including a change in the protein bands’ intensity from SDS‐PAGE. However, genipin exhibited greater thermal properties of modified PPP. Moreover, the modification affected the colour of PPP and a change in the FT‐IR spectra of the samples. The suitable concentrations of each natural agent were 0.6% rutin, 0.5% genipin and 3% caffeic acid. Therefore, natural cross‐linkers such as rutin, caffeic acid and genipin can be considered as alternative cross‐linkers to improve the properties of PPP for food processing and biopolymer material applications as they are nontoxic.
The Challenge of Authenticity: Enhancement and Accurate Self‐Presentation
Authors: Kadlac Adam 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis article explores the significance of authenticity for debates about the ethics of enhancement. According to the view defended here, what lies at the heart of authenticity is a disdain for phoniness or fakery – two notions which essentially concern the way we present ourselves to others and, in turn, the way we are viewed by those others. Being authentic thus requires that we not pretend to be something or someone we are not or otherwise represent ourselves falsely to the outside world. As far as authenticity is concerned, then, the primary ethical challenge to the use of enhancements is to those uses that are hidden or unacknowledged – instances in which individuals represent themselves as having achieved or become something without technological assistance when, in fact, the converse is true. One is not undermining one's authentic self when one uses technology to accomplish a particular goal or undergoes some procedure to alter oneself, even quite radically. Rather, one is only being inauthentic to the degree that one passes off oneself and one's achievements as something they are not.
On the origins of marine‐derived freshwater fishes in South America
Authors: Bloom Devin D. , Lovejoy Nathan R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimThe South American fish fauna is renowned for its extraordinary diversity. The majority of this diversity is restricted to few major clades that have ancient associations to freshwater habitats. However, at a higher taxonomic level, the South American ichthyofauna is enriched by an extraordinary number of marine derived lineages – lineages that are endemic to freshwaters, but derived from marine ancestors. Here, we test palaeogeographical hypotheses that attempt to explain the origins and exceptional diversity of marine derived fishes in rivers of South America.LocationSouth America.MethodsWe analysed time‐calibrated molecular phylogenies, ancestral reconstructions and biogeographical patterns for multiple independent marine‐derived lineages.ResultsFive of the ten marine‐derived lineages in our analysis have biogeographical patterns and stem ages consistent with invasion from the Atlantic Ocean during the Oligocene or Eocene. Drums and pufferfishes reveal patterns and ages that were consistent with the Miocene marine incursion hypothesis. The Amazonian halfbeak is the only lineage younger than the Miocene and invaded Amazonian freshwaters less than a million years ago.Main ConclusionOur results suggest Miocene marine incursions and the Pebas Mega‐Wetland may not explain the high diversity of marine derived lineages in South America. Instead, the Pebas Mega‐Wetland may have created a fertile opportunity for diversification of some, but not all marine‐derived lineages.
Designing an Institutional Network for Improving Farm Animal Welfare in the EU
Authors: Jones Philip , Lensink Joop , Mancini Maria Cecilia , Tranter Richard 
Published: February 2017

AbstractImprovements in the welfare of farmed animals in the EU have been achieved by legislation, increased welfare capacity in the food chain, greater public awareness, welfare measurement tools and dissemination of best practice. However, pressure for improvement grows. The EC recognizes that delivering improved welfare would best be achieved by increasing welfare capacity, including establishing a Network of Welfare Reference Centres to provide support for welfare research, knowledge transfer and policy design. Designing a structure for this Network presents a challenge, as it would have multiple functions, interact with diverse stakeholders and operate in a complex environment. Here, we describe the use of a novel strategic planning approach to design an optimal structure for this Network. Our evaluation found that no existing structure was ideal, but that by taking functional units from several existing models, an optimal model could be identified.