bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Type-migrating C-to-Rust translation using a large language model
Authors: Hong Jaemin , Ryu Sukyoung 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRust, a modern system programming language, introduces new types that prevent memory bugs and data races. This makes translating legacy system programs from C to Rust a promising approach to enhance their reliability. Since manual code translation is time-consuming, it is desirable to automate the translation. To yield satisfactory results, the translator should have the ability to perform type migration, i.e., removing C types and introducing Rust types in the code. In this work, we aim to automatically port an entire C program to Rust by translating each C function to a Rust function with a signature containing proper Rust types through type migration. This goal is challenging because (1) type migration cannot be achieved through syntactic mappings between type names, and (2) after type migration, function bodies should be correctly restructured based on the precise understanding of the functions’ behavior. To address these difficulties, we leverage large language models (LLMs), which possess knowledge of program semantics and programming idioms. However, naïvely instructing LLMs to translate each function produces unsatisfactory Rust code, containing unmigrated or improperly migrated types and a huge number of type errors. To resolve these issues, we propose three techniques: (1) generating candidate signatures, (2) providing translated callees’ signatures to LLMs, and (3) iteratively fixing type errors using compiler feedback. Our evaluation shows that the proposed approach yields a 63.5% increase in migrated types and a 71.5% decrease in type errors compared to the baseline (the naïve LLM-based translation) with modest performance overhead.
Understanding ‘many’ through the lens of Ukrainian багато
Authors: Janda Laura A. , Palii Yuliia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe reveal an ongoing language change in Ukrainian involving a construction with a subject comprised of the indefinite quantifier багато ‘many’ modifying a noun phrase in the Genitive Plural. Number agreement on the verb varies, allowing both Singular (in 69.1% of attestations) and Plural (in 30.9% of attestations). Based on statistical analysis of corpus data, we investigate the influence of the factors of year of creation, word order of subject and verb, and animacy of the subject on the choice of verb number. We find that, while all combinations of word order and animacy are robustly attested, VS word order and inanimate subjects tend to prefer Singular, whereas SV word order and animate subjects tend to prefer Plural. Since about the 1950s, the proportion of Plural has been increasing, overtaking Singular in the current decade. We propose that this Singular vs. Plural variation is motivated by the human embodied experience of construing a group of items as either a homogeneous mass (and therefore Singular) or a multiplicity of individuals (and therefore Plural). This proposal is supported by the identification of micro-constructions that prefer Singular and show reduced individuation of human beings.
Optimizing micropropagation of Miscanthus sinensis ‘Gold Bar’ by shortening the production cycle and reducing acclimation stress through the use of selected growth regulators
Authors: Pacholczak Andrzej , Nowakowska Karolina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMiscanthus, with its decorative qualities and low cultivation requirements in terms of soil fertility and temperature, is the most popular grass in gardens and urban areas. For years, micropropagation has been regarded as an effective method of its production. However, in order to meet the demands of customers and provide adequate quantities of high-quality planting materials, it is necessary to develop more efficient methods of Miscanthus production. The present study evaluated the influence of different media on Miscanthus sinensis (Thunb.) Andersson (silver grass) multiplication as well as assessing the effect of different concentrations of selected cytokinins and auxins on multiplication and rhizogenesis. To shorten the production cycle and reduce costs, ex vitro rooting was combined with acclimatization, and selected growth regulators were used to decrease stress associated with external conditions. Biochemical analyses were conducted at each stage to determine the content of basic organic compounds, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and catalase activity. Stomatal function was assessed at the acclimatization stage. The obtained results allowed for the production cycle of plants propagated in tissue culture to be shortened by simultaneous rooting and acclimatization of microcuttings sprayed with abscisic acid (ABA). This regulator has been shown to effectively reduce plant stress associated with acclimatization by reducing H2O2 concentration and increasing assimilation pigment content. Growth regulators reduced the number of stomata that developed on the leaves of silver grass and led to lower stomatal conductance. H2O2 should be considered not only a stress marker but a vital signaling molecule.
Impact of urban disturbance on soil insect communities in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest biological station
Authors: Moreira Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo , Rodrigues Juliana Mourão dos Santos , Krull Marcos , Boullosa Raquel G. , Gentile Rosana , Sant’ana Karina Cunha , Simões Marianna V. P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Urbanization constitutes a major threat to biodiversity. Understanding its effects on insect communities is relevant because they are key elements of trophic interactions, and indicators and targets of conservation. Herein, we investigated the influence of meteorological and habitat factors on the soil entomofauna in three areas with distinct levels of urbanization at the Parque Estadual da Pedra Branca, Brazil. We investigated whether community structure differs among areas with different levels of urbanization, and how changes in the environment affect soil insect community composition and distribution. We systematically monitored communities for 12 months in three areas along a gradient of anthropogenic disturbance, representing preserved secondary forest, disturbed forest and peridomicile areas. The results revealed that the degree of urbanization affects insect communities, with a strong effect of habitat factors, such as canopy cover, presence of flooded areas, quantity of fallen trunks and mean temperature. Insect abundance did not show significant differences among areas, while biomass was higher in disturbed forest than in preserved forest and peridomicile areas. Additionally, insect richness and diversity were higher in preserved and disturbed forests than in peridomicile areas, with no significant difference between preserved and disturbed forests. Our results can be used to enhance the understanding of the effects of urbanization on taxonomically and functionally diverse groups of insects, and to advise residents and urban planners about the consequences of urbanization on biodiversity and ecosystem services in urban-sylvatic interface areas.
Exploring the use phase social impacts of smart heating, ventilation and air conditioning control systems: A scoping review
Authors: Gobinath Praddeep , Traverso Marzia , Crawford Robert H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The environmental and economic benefits of applying smart approaches for the control of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings have been extensively investigated and documented in the literature. However, considering the paradigm shift from environmental and economic concerns towards broader sustainability considerations, as well as the lack of studies covering the social pillar, this study presents a scoping review to identify the social impacts attributed to the use phase of smart HVAC control systems in commercial buildings.

Methods
The relevant literature, originating from both academic and grey literature sources, were identified and reviewed through a meticulous search, data charting and analysis process, in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)’s Manual for Evidence Synthesis. The inclusion criteria, categorised into ‘participants’, ‘concept’, ‘context’ and ‘types of evidence sources’, were first determined. A search strategy and a three-stage screening process were then applied to locate and analyse the relevant records.

Results and discussions
In total, 133 records were included in this study. From this review, five main social themes were identified, namely, thermal comfort, indoor air quality (IAQ), privacy, security and employment. Both consumers and workers emerged as the stakeholder groups that were related to the use of smart HVAC control systems. The social impacts related to thermal comfort were measured by means of a wide range of indicators, but only a limited number of suitable indicators have been identified for other social themes. In general, the deployment of smart HVAC control systems resulted in positive outcomes for thermal comfort, IAQ and employment. Conversely, for both privacy and security, the users of buildings were reported to be negatively impacted.

Conclusions
Measures to alleviate negative social repercussions, as well as potential indicators to measure the use phase social impacts related to smart HVAC control systems, have been proposed and discussed. Further research is needed to evaluate how existing and prospective indicators can be used for assessing these use phase social impacts of smart HVAC control systems in a manner that is consistent with the social life cycle assessment methodology.
Criminal Sentencing and Artificial Intelligence: What is the Input Problem?
Authors: Ryberg Jesper 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe use of artificial intelligence as an instrument to assist judges in determining sentences in criminal cases is an issue that gives rise to many theoretical challenges. The purpose of this article is to examine one of these challenges known as the “input problem.” This problem arises supposedly due to two reasons: that in order for an algorithm to be able to provide a sentence recommendation, it needs to be inputted with case specific information; and that the task of presenting an adequate picture of a crime often turns out to be highly complex. Even though this problem has been noted since the earliest attempts at developing sentencing support systems, almost no one has considered the ethical nature of this challenge. The aim of this article is to fill that void. First, it is shown that the input problem has been subject to somewhat different interpretations. Second, several possible answers as to when and why the problem constitutes an ethical challenge are considered. Third, a few suggestions are presented as to how undesirable implications of complexity at the input stage might be ameliorated by tailoring the way sentencing algorithms are developed and used in the work of criminal courts.
Microstructure and Selected Properties of Al2O3 Matrix Composites Fabricated by Pulse Plasma Sintering of Al2O3 and Pre-composite Powder (NiAl–Al2O3)
Authors: Zygmuntowicz Justyna , Konopka Katarzyna , Krasnowski Marek , Piotrkiewicz Paulina , Wachowski Marcin , Wieczorek-Czarnocka Monika , Pakieła Zbigniew , Płociński Tomasz , Cymerman Konrad , Żurowski Radosław 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Paper-related production of composite materials from Al2O3-pre-composite powder (NiAl–10 wt pct Al2O3). PPS allowed for forming ceramic–intermetallic composites. MA produced the pre-composite powder. Six series of composites were made, differing in temperature (1200 °C, 1300 °C, 1400 °C) and content of pre-composite powder (2.5 and 5 wt pct with respect to the amount of Al2O3). Highest hardness was obtained for composite series sintered at 1300 °C. Both series, with various pre-composite powder content, had a value of 20.8 to 20.9 GPa. Samples containing 2.5 wt pct pre-composite powder sintered at 1200 °C were highest KIC value of 4.72 ± 0.34 MPa·m0.5. Interestingly, the same value was obtained in composites containing 5 wt pct pre-composite powder sintered at 1300 °C. For both series with different pre-composite powder content, sintering at 1400 °C obtained the highest strength. For composites containing 2.5 wt pct pre-composite powder, splitting tensile strength value was 255.98 MPa, while for samples with 5 wt pct, pre-composite powder was 264.01 MPa

Graphical Abstract
Community Policing Practice in the Nigerian Police: Implications of Employee Burnout
Authors: Okoka Happiness , Kheswa Jabulani Gilford 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Nigerian Police Force’s implementation of community policing has coincided with increased criminal activities, exacerbated by factors like high youth unemployment, inadequate healthcare, malnutrition, poverty, banditry, and intercommunal conflicts. Against this backdrop, this aimed at assessing how burnout affects the implementation of community policing within the Nigerian Police Force. It specifically aimed to explore how three dimensions of burnout—emotional exhaustion, personal accomplishment, and depersonalisation—influence officers’ adherence to and practice of community policing principles. By examining these factors, the study sought to provide a comprehensive understanding of how the psychological well-being of police officers impacts their ability to effectively engage in community-oriented policing strategies. Participants were 360 police personnel, which consisted of 266 males and 94 females, with a mean age of 36.6 years. The study adopted the cross-sectional research design. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Community Policing Inventory were used as measures of burnout and community policing respectively. Three hypotheses were tested with the multiple linear regression. Results revealed that emotional exhaustion did not significantly predict the practice of community policing (β =  − .087, t =  − 1.332, p = .184), accounting for 8.7% variability in the practice of community policing. Personal accomplishment did not significantly predict the practice of community policing (β = .113, t = 1.951, p = .052), accounting for 11.3% variability in the practice of community policing. Depersonalisation significantly negatively predicts the practice of community policing (β =  − .275, t =  − 4.425, p < .001), accounting for 27.5% variability in the practice of community policing. It was recommended that future studies investigate the mediating and moderating variables that can provide a deeper understanding of the intricate relationship between burnout and community policing in the Nigerian setting.
Responsibility Gaps and Retributive Dispositions: Evidence from the US, Japan and Germany
Authors: Kneer Markus , Christen Markus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDanaher (2016) has argued that increasing robotization can lead to retribution gaps: Situations in which the normative fact that nobody can be justly held responsible for a harmful outcome stands in conflict with our retributivist moral dispositions. In this paper, we report a cross-cultural empirical study based on Sparrow’s (2007) famous example of an autonomous weapon system committing a war crime, which was conducted with participants from the US, Japan and Germany. We find that (1) people manifest a considerable willingness to hold autonomous systems morally responsible, (2) partially exculpate human agents when interacting with such systems, and that more generally (3) the possibility of normative responsibility gaps is indeed at odds with people’s pronounced retributivist inclinations. We discuss what these results mean for potential implications of the retribution gap and other positions in the responsibility gap literature.
Current evidence on patient precautions for reducing breast cancer-related lymphedema manifestation and progression risks
Authors: Hunley Julie , Doubblestein David , Campione Elizabeth 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRisk management and self-management strategies for breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) must balance best-evidence guidelines and associated risk factor knowledge. There is an evidence-based practice gap in the understanding of whether a change in education about risk factors and whether behavioral changes actually influence BCRL manifestation or progression. The purpose of this study was to (1) review if current evidence supports or refutes patient precautions to prevent the manifestation and/or progression of BCRL, (2) review if behavioral changes result in the prevention or reduction of BCRL, and (3) identify related gaps of knowledge for future research. Evidence map methodology was used to systematically review literature related to reducing the risk of BCRL. Literature searches were conducted in Medline, CINAHL, and Cochrane for the categories of trauma, blood pressure, temperature, air travel, and behavior change. One hundred and forty-eight articles were included for full-text review, of which 37 articles were included in this study. Within the confines of limb and trunk circumferential and/or volume enlargement, a ‘just in case’ approach to patient education on risk factors may not be appropriate for breast cancer survivors at risk of manifesting lymphedema. Patient education about precautionary risks for the onset of BCRL needs to align with research evidence. There is scant evidence about the risks of BCRL progression suggesting a need for future research.
The effect of compression therapies and therapeutic modalities on lymphedema secondary to cancer: a rapid review and evidence map
Authors: McNeely M. L. , Shallwani S. M. , Al Onazi M. M. , Lurie F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe identification of effective therapeutic modalities to manage lymphedema secondary to cancer is a high priority among patients and clinicians. Complex decongestive therapy (CDT) remains a fundamental intervention for individuals with lymphedema; however, interventions involving modalities such as low level laser therapy, specially designed compression systems, and compression pumps may be helpful to improve outcomes and reduce costs of care. We conducted a rapid review of the literature examining compression therapies and therapeutic modalities in the treatment of lymphedema secondary to cancer. A search of the electronic databases from June 2018 to October 2023 was performed including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL. The electronic search yielded 438 potentially relevant citations with 40 randomized controlled trials included in the review, and 30 in the mapping process. Ninety-three percent (n = 37) of the trials included participants with a diagnosis of breast cancer. Across all categories and domains, all but two trials were rated as having ‘some concerns’ or a ‘high risk of bias’. Intervention effects ranged from clinically insignificant to large effects on lymphedema volume. Evidence mapping suggests potential for benefit from (1) compression garments for the prevention of lymphedema, (2) interventions added to CDT in the intensive reduction phase, and (3) nighttime compression and compression pump treatments in the maintenance phase. A multi-centre collaborative research approach is needed to support the conduct of high-quality large-scale trials to inform the optimal type, timing, and combination of compression therapies and therapeutic modalities in the treatment of lymphedema secondary to cancer.
In-depth analysis of fault tolerant approaches integrated with load balancing and task scheduling
Authors: Mushtaq Sheikh Umar , Sheikh Sophiya , Idrees Sheikh Mohammad , Malla Parvaz Ahmad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOne of the most important and frequently reported issues in cloud computing is fault tolerance. Implementing Fault Tolerance (FT) in cloud computing is challenging due to the diverse architecture and the complex interrelationships of system resources. The primary objective of this article is to critically review and analyze the fault-tolerant models with two other related aspects, i.e., load balancing and scheduling which is the peak need of the time and was not adequately addressed in the recent related surveys. In this paper, we present the systematic and comparative analysis of these hybrid models highlighting their limitations in different parameters, cases, and scenarios. Our analysis reveals that Proactive, Reactive, and Resilient approaches are commonly utilized to address system failure in the cloud. Also, it was found that a thorough study of intelligent fault tolerance approaches, also known as resilient fault tolerance, was overseen to determine their efficacy over conventional approaches. Additionally, the survey includes the discussion part which presents a unique in-depth analysis of hybrid fault tolerant approaches with respect to the handling of different faults and parameters. To illustrate the reviewed observations, a detailed statistical analysis has been conducted and presented graphically to provide insights into the study and simultaneously highlight further research in this area. Our analysis includes the critical role of these hybrid fault-tolerant models in accomplishing high accessibility and reliability in emerging computing systems thereby providing valuable insights for future researchers of the field. We have also provided a broad roadmap that charts strategies for facing the discussed cloud challenges. The study provides valuable contributions to the field.
Think Once, Think Again: Exploring the Harm-Made Mind Effect Through Dual-Process Theory
Authors: Koban Kevin , Wieringa Marieke S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper presents results from a pre-registered online experiment (N = 317) on the harm-made mind phenomenon (i.e., people’s tendency to perceive mind in seemingly mindless agents, such as robots, when they are harmed). To address inconsistent findings on this phenomenon, we study the harm-made mind through a dual-processing perspective. We propose that the harm-made mind of a robot is (a) positively mediated by perceived capacity for pain and (b) negatively mediated by objectifying dehumanization. By manipulating information processing, we explore how different processing types (Type 1 vs. Type 2) impact the mediation of the harm-made mind through perceived capacity for pain and dehumanization. The results of the online experiment showed that when people gave rapid answers under cognitive load (i.e., when Type 1 processing was encouraged), watching a harmful interaction with a robot (compared to a no-harm condition) resulted in (a) a positive indirect effect on mind perception through perceived capacity for pain and (b) a positive rather than the assumed negative indirect effect on mind perception through a decrease in dehumanization. While the mediation effect of harm on mind perception through perceived capacity for pain was significant across processing types, the mediation effect of harm on mind perception through dehumanization was no longer significant when people were asked to deliberate on their answers (i.e., when Type 2 thinking was encouraged).