bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbage intake and ruminal digestion of dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture either in the morning or evening
Authors: Ueda Koichiro , Mitani Tomohiro , Kondo Seiji 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to clarify diurnal fluctuations of herbage intake, ruminal fermentation of herbage carbohydrates and proteins, and digesta particulate weight in the rumen of grazing dairy cows. Six ruminally cannulated, non‐lactating dairy cows were grazed on perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture either in the morning (04.00 to 08.00 hours) or the evening (16.00 to 20.00 hours). Cows grazed in the evening spent more time (P < 0.01) and consumed more herbage (P < 0.01) compared with cows grazed in the morning. Higher (P < 0.05) daily mean concentrations of total volatile fatty acid, propionate and n‐butyrate in rumen fluid were observed for cows grazed in the evening compared with cows grazed in the morning. Although cows grazed in the evening ingested more crude protein compared with cows grazed in the morning, no significant difference in NH3‐N concentration in rumen fluid was observed between them. The ratio of purine‐derivative concentration to creatinine concentrations was higher (P < 0.01) in the urine of cows grazed in the evening than in cows grazed in the morning. These results clearly indicated that evening grazing was advantageous for dairy cows compared with morning grazing, in terms of ruminal fermentable energy intake and nitrogen utilization efficiency.
Relationship of rumen fill and fermentation to diurnal and seasonal variation of herbage intake in dairy cows grazed on perennial ryegrass pasture
Authors: Ueda Koichiro , Mitani Tomohiro , Kondo Seiji 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTo clarify the effect of digesta weight in the reticulorumen on diurnal and seasonal fluctuations in herbage intake, six ruminally cannulated, non‐lactating dairy cows were grazed on perennial ryegrass/white clover pasture during morning and evening sessions in spring and autumn. The digesta weight of fresh matter, dry matter (DM) and fiber in the reticulorumen at the beginning and the end of each grazing session was lower in spring than in autumn (P < 0.01). Although the digesta weight was similar between the sessions at the beginning of grazing, it was greater for the evening than for the morning at the end of grazing (P < 0.01). The large particles proportion in the digesta was lower for the morning than the evening (P < 0.01), and it was lower in spring than in autumn (P < 0.01). The concentrations of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid were generally higher in spring compared with autumn. The herbage DM intake during the evening was greater compared with the morning in both seasons (P < 0.01). However, there was no difference in herbage DM intake between seasons. The results showed that the rumen digesta fill was not the sole factor explaining diurnal and seasonal variation of herbage intake in grazing dairy cows.
Routine measurement of plasma chromogranin B has limited clinical utility in the management of patients with neuroendocrine tumours
Authors: Monaghan P.J. , Lamarca A. , Valle J.W. , Hubner R.A. , Mansoor W. , Trainer P.J. , Darby D. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryObjectiveChromogranin A (CgA) and B (CgB) are markers for monitoring disease status in patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). These are specialized diagnostic tests often necessitating referral of specimens to a supraregional assay service (SAS) laboratory for analysis. The aim of this audit was to assess whether measurement of either plasma CgA or CgB alone provides sufficient clinical information in comparison with the current practice of measuring both markers together.DesignA retrospective analysis was undertaken for all chromogranin tests requested for patients with a known NET diagnosis. Results were categorized based on whether plasma concentrations were elevated for one or both CgA and CgB.ResultsA total of 325 sequential patients with a NET diagnosis had plasma chromogranin levels measured during the period of review. Baseline CgA was elevated in 60·9% of patients. Isolated elevations in CgA (with normal CgB) were found in 44·9% of patients, whilst combined elevations in both CgA and CgB were found in 16% of patients. Combined CgA and CgB concentrations within the normal range were observed for 38·5% of patients. Only two patients (0·6%) had an isolated elevation in CgB at baseline. Both patients had a diagnosis of pancreatic NET and were radiologically stable. Plasma CgA and CgB corresponded with disease stage (localized vs metastatic). CgB in addition to CgA did not provide any significant improvement in diagnostic performance for identification of metastatic disease compared to CgA alone.ConclusionsBased on this NET population and specific assay performance characteristics, CgA alone provides sufficient information for the management of NET patients; the routine estimation of CgB in all patients is not informative in clinical practice.
Changes in quality of life and disease‐related symptoms in patients with polycythemia vera receiving ruxolitinib or standard therapy
Authors: Mesa Ruben , Verstovsek Srdan , Kiladjian Jean‐Jacques , Griesshammer Martin , Masszi Tamas , Durrant Simon , Passamonti Francesco , Harrison Claire N. , Pane Fabrizio , Zachee Pierre , Zhen Huiling , Jones Mark M. , Parasuraman Shreekant , Li Jingjin , Côté Isabelle , Habr Dany , Vannucchi Alessandro M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectivesPolycythemia vera (PV)‐related symptoms may not be adequately controlled with conventional therapy. This current analysis of the RESPONSE trial evaluated the effects of ruxolitinib compared with standard therapy on quality of life (QoL) and symptoms in patients with PV who were hydroxyurea resistant/intolerant.MethodsIn the previously reported primary analysis, ruxolitinib achieved the primary composite endpoint of hematocrit control and ≥35% reduction in spleen volume at Week 32. The current analysis evaluated patient‐reported outcomes using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire‐Core 30 (EORTC QLQ‐C30), the Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form (MPN‐SAF), the Pruritus Symptom Impact Scale (PSIS), and the Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC).ResultsCompared with standard therapy, ruxolitinib was associated with greater improvements in global health status/QoL, functional subscales, and individual symptom scores of the EORTC QLQ‐C30. At Week 32, more patients in the ruxolitinib arm (44%) achieved a ≥10‐point improvement in global health status/QoL vs. standard therapy (9%). Improvements in MPN‐SAF symptom scores were consistent with improvements in EORTC QLQ‐C30, PSIS, and PGIC scores.ConclusionsRuxolitinib provides clinically relevant improvements in QoL and ameliorates symptom burden in patients with PV who are hydroxyurea resistant/intolerant.
Health‐related behaviors and comorbidities in people with epilepsy: Changes in the past decade
Authors: Roberts Jodie I. , Patten Scott B. , Wiebe Samuel , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. , Pringsheim Tamara , Jetté Nathalie 
Published: November 2015

SummaryObjectiveWe aimed to explore the patterns of health‐related behaviors (HRBs) such as smoking and physical activity in people with epilepsy in the community and examine whether behaviors have changed over the past decade.MethodsWe conducted a repeated cross‐sectional study using data from a series of five cycles (2001–2011) of the Canadian Community Health Survey, a national population‐based survey. The proportions and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for HRBs and comorbidities in people with epilepsy (PWE) compared to respondents without epilepsy were calculated for each survey over the 10‐year period, and estimates were examined for changes over time.ResultsThe study included 522,722 participants of whom 3,220 (0.6%) had epilepsy. The proportion of PWE who did not participate in physical activity decreased over time (2001 = 17.2%, 2010/2011 = 8.5%), as did the proportion of PWE who smoked cigarettes (2001 = 32.3%, 2010/2011 = 18.0%). PWE had consistently reduced alcohol consumption in comparison to the general population. Fewer than half of participants met the recommended daily guidelines for fruit and vegetable consumption. An apparent reduction in the prevalence of heart disease occurred in PWE (2001 = 11.7%, 2010/2011 = 4.0%), but not in people without epilepsy; however, similar trends were not observed for other cardiovascular comorbidities studied.SignificanceApparent improvements in smoking cessation and physical activity occurred in PWE. Despite these improvements, physicians should continue to counsel their patients on the importance of healthy lifestyle choices. Further exploration into the reasons for the apparent decrease in the prevalence of heart disease in PWE is warranted.
Mining continuous intracranial EEG in focal canine epilepsy: Relating interictal bursts to seizure onsets
Authors: Davis Kathryn A. , Ung Hoameng , Wulsin Drausin , Wagenaar Joost , Fox Emily , Patterson Ned , Vite Charles , Worrell Gregory , Litt Brian 
Published: November 2015

SummaryObjectiveBrain regions are localized for resection during epilepsy surgery based on rare seizures observed during a short period of intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) monitoring. Interictal epileptiform bursts, which are more prevalent than seizures, may provide complementary information to aid in epilepsy evaluation. In this study, we leverage a long‐term iEEG dataset from canines with naturally occurring epilepsy to investigate interictal bursts and their electrographic relationship to seizures.MethodsFour dogs were included in this study, each monitored previously with continuous iEEG for periods of 475.7, 329.9, 45.8, and 451.8 days, respectively, for a total of >11,000 h. Seizures and bursts were detected and validated by two board‐certified epileptologists. A published Bayesian model was applied to analyze the dynamics of interictal epileptic bursts on EEG and compare them to seizures.ResultsIn three dogs, bursts were stereotyped and found to be statistically similar to periods before or near seizure onsets. Seizures from one dog during status epilepticus were markedly different from other seizures in terms of burst similarity.SignificanceShorter epileptic bursts explored in this work have the potential to yield significant information about the distribution of epileptic events. In our data, bursts are at least an order of magnitude more prevalent than seizures and occur much more regularly. Our finding that bursts often display pronounced similarity to seizure onsets suggests that they contain relevant information about the epileptic networks from which they arise and may aide in the clinical evaluation of epilepsy in patients.
Endodontic instrumentation and root filling procedures: effect on mechanical integrity of dentin
Authors: Shemesh Hagay 
Published: November 2015

Vertical root fractures are a major reason for extraction of endodontically treated teeth and teeth after root canal treatment are more prone to fracture compared to untreated teeth. One suggested reason for this difference is the destructive effects of some files and filling methods used during root canal treatment. However, most studies that investigated the effects of specific instrumentation and filling methodologies on the root canal walls are in vitro destructive experiments and a concern has lately been raised on the clinical relevancy of the results of these studies. Novel non‐destructive methodologies and a cadaver study recently tried to challenge the concept of dentinal defects caused by instrumentation alone. This article presents an overview of the various studies conducted on the effect of endodontic procedures on the appearance of dental defects and will critically examine the evidence in light of the relevant literature.
Illicit drugs or medicines taken by parachuting
Authors: Daveluy Amélie , Géniaux Hélène , Eiden Céline , Boucher Alexandra , Chenaf Chouki , Deheul Sylvie , Spadari Michel , Gérardin Marie , Miremont‐Salamé Ghada , Haramburu Françoise ,   French Network of Addictovigilance Centres
Published: November 2015

AbstractParachuting (also called bombing) is a method of drug delivery where illicit drugs or medicines are ingested after wrapping the substance. There are little data describing parachuting in the literature. To provide a description of this practice, all cases of parachuting reported to the national addictovigilance network up to 31 December 2014 were identified from spontaneous reports and specific surveillance programs. Cases were described according to the type of substance used, patient age and gender, type of complications, context of use and year of the event. Forty‐five cases of parachute use were identified and most (n = 43) occurred after 2011. Patients were mostly men (60%), and mean age was 28.9 years. The context of use, known in 19 cases, was mostly recreational. Complications were present in 24 cases, of which eight were serious. The substance was supposed to be 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in the majority of cases (64.4%); research chemicals were more involved in the most recent years. The physical form was mainly granular (51.6%). The wrappers were a cigarette paper (nine cases) and in one case plastic package; in the other cases, the term of parachute was used without further details. The reason for use was not explained in the majority of cases; two patients indicated using a parachute for faster effect than with a methadone capsule. Clinicians should be aware of this delivery form as the results suggest that it is common and can involve a great variability of drugs.
Atorvastatin acutely reduces the reactivity to spasmogens in rat aorta: implication of the inhibition of geranylgeranylation and MYPT‐1 phosphorylation
Authors: Alp Yildirim Fatoş İlkay , Kaleli Durman Deniz , Aypar Eda , Ark Mustafa , Özdemir Osman , Uydeş Doğan Birsel Sönmez 
Published: November 2015

AbstractStatins are known to display benefits in various diseases independently from their cholesterol lowering properties. In this study, we investigated the acute effects of atorvastatin on vascular reactivity to various spasmogens in isolated rat aorta. The responses to noradrenaline (NA, 10−8–10−4 m), endothelin‐1 (ET‐1, 10−10–10−7 m), and potassium chloride (KCl, 10–100 mm) were evaluated in aortic rings pretreated with atorvastatin (10−7–10−4 m, 30 min). To verify the mechanism of action, the effects of atorvastatin were studied in the presence of cholesterol precursor, mevalonate (10−2 m, 45 min), mevalonate‐derived isoprenoids, namely geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP, 5 × 10−6 m, 30 min) and farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP, 5 × 10−6 m, 30 min), and in the absence of endothelium. In parallel, aortic rings were pretreated with the specific inhibitor of Rho kinase, Y‐27632 (10−7–10−6 m). Atorvastatin significantly and concentration‐dependently reduced the contractions to spasmogens in rat aorta. This acute inhibitory effect was also evident in endothelium‐denuded rings. Pretreatment with mevalonate and GGPP, but not with FPP, reversed the inhibitory effect of atorvastatin (10−4 m) on NA and ET‐1 induced contractions. Similar to atorvastatin, pretreatment with Y‐27632 inhibited the contractions to NA and KCl in a concentration‐dependent manner. Western blot analysis revealed that both atorvastatin (10−4 m) and Y‐27632 (10−6 m) pretreatment inhibited the phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit‐1 (MYPT‐1) triggered by NA, indicating an inhibitory influence on myosin phosphatase. In conclusion, atorvastatin displayed an acute inhibitory effect on vascular contractility evoked by various spasmogens and the inhibitory effect was possibly mediated by the inhibition of mevalonate and GGPP synthesis as well as the prevention of MYPT‐1 phosphorylation induced by Rho/Rho kinase.
Wild bees as pollinators of city trees
Authors: Hausmann Sebastian L. , Petermann Jana S. , Rolff Jens 
Published: November 2015

Abstract

Recent studies showed that diverse wild bee assemblages are more efficient pollinators than honeybees. In urban ecosystems pollination services are also important, for example for the reproduction of many plant species in parks, for the production of vegetables and fruits in home gardens, as well as other animals depending on bee‐pollinated plants.

This study investigates the effect of ‘urbanity’ on the abundance, species richness and community structure of wild bees foraging at city trees and quantifies the contribution of wild bees and honeybees to successful pollination. Four common city tree species in Berlin, Germany, were sampled in three parks defined as ‘green spaces’ and compared with trees in more ‘urban areas’.

In total, 57 wild bee species foraged at the observed trees representing 19 % of all known species in Berlin. Wild bee species richness showed only small differences between green spaces and urban areas even though social species were found more frequently in green areas. Wild bees visited flowers more frequently in green areas, whereas the numbers of honeybee flower visits were higher in urban areas. Wild bee but not honeybee flower visits showed a positive relationship with the reproductive success of trees.

The results suggest that wild bees are important pollinators of city trees that dominate the pollinator community in green spaces. To support wild bee communities green spaces should be preserved and tree species with floral reward should be planted and preserved in urban areas.
Interaction between mDia1 and ROCK in Rho‐induced migration and adhesion of human dental pulp cells
Authors: Cheng L. , Xu J. , Qian Y. Y. , Pan H. Y. , Yang H. , Shao M. Y. , Cheng R. , Hu T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the effects of mammalian homologue of Drosophila diaphanous‐1(mDia1) and Rho‐associated coiled‐coil‐containing protein kinase (ROCK) on the migration and adhesion of dental pulp cells (DPCs).MethodologyLysophosphatidic acid (LPA) was used to activate Rho signalling. mDia1 and ROCK were inhibited by short interfering RNA and the specific inhibitor, Y‐27632, respectively. The migration of DPCs was assessed using the transwell migration assay and scratch test. Formation of cytoskeleton and focal adhesions(FAs) was observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cell adhesion and spreading assays were performed. Phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and paxillin was detected by Western blotting, and the bands were analysed using Adobe Photoshop CS5 software. All experiments were performed at least three times, and data were analysed with one‐way anova and a post hoc test.ResultsLPA‐triggered activation of Rho and inhibition of ROCK significantly increased the cell migration rate. Cell migration was inhibited by silencing mDia1. mDia1 silencing and ROCK inhibition suppressed the LPA‐induced formation of the cytoskeleton, FA and phosphorylation of FAK and paxillin. Inhibition of ROCK or mDia1 facilitated early cell adhesion and spreading; by contrast, the combined inhibition of ROCK and mDia1 neutralized these effects.ConclusionsmDia1 promoted RhoA‐induced migration of DPCs, but ROCK had an opposite effect. Both mDia1 and ROCK participated in cytoskeleton formation and adhesion of DPCs. The interactions between mDia1 and ROCK might influence dental pulp repair by determining the migration and adhesion of DPCs.
Physicochemical and structural characteristics of starches from Chinese hull‐less barley cultivars
Authors: Kong Xiangli , Kasapis Stefan , Zhu Ping , Sui Zhongquan , Bao Jinsong , Corke Harold 
Published: November 2015

SummaryFourteen hull‐less barley cultivars, collected from four major cultivated areas in China, were employed to investigate the structural and physicochemical properties of their starches in this study. Relatively wide variations in physicochemical properties of the starches were observed. Amylose content ranged from 23.1% to 30.0%, swelling power and water solubility index ranged from 12.8 to 19.9 g g−1 and 12.7% to 23.7% respectively. Peak viscosity was from 170 to 346 Rapid Visco Unit (RVU), peak temperature (Tp) of starch gelatinisation was from 55.6 to 61.8 °C and enthalpy of starch retrogradation ranged from 0.3 to 3.1 J g−1. Weight‐based chain‐length proportions of fa, fb1, fb2 and fb3 in amylopectins ranged from 21.65% to 24.95%, 44.48% to 49.44%, 15.56% to 17.19% and 9.83% to 16.66% respectively. Correlation analyses showed that amylose content was inversely related to pasting parameters and enthalpy of gelatinisation. Pasting properties and amylopectin structures were the most important parameters to differentiate starch properties among different hull‐less barley cultivars in this study. This work will be useful for exploring applications of Chinese hull‐less barley starches in food and non‐food industries.
Optimisation of supercritical CO2 extraction of grape seed oil using response surface methodology
Authors: Jokić Stela , Bijuk Marco , Aladić Krunoslav , Bilić Mate , Molnar Maja 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe aim of this study was to use waste from the wine production process with special accent on grape seeds and new green technology. Supercritical CO2 was considered as a green solvent in extraction of grape seed oil. The effects of different extraction process parameters on oil yield and antioxidant activity were investigated. Extraction optimisation was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM). Extraction pressure has proven to be the most significant factor influencing oil yield and antioxidant activity (P < 0.0001). The optimal conditions for obtaining the highest oil yield and antioxidant activity within the experimental range of the variables studied were at extraction pressure of 400 bar and temperature of 41 °C. Under these optimal conditions, the predicted extraction oil yield was 14.49% and DPPH 37.07%. Applying this green extraction method, the oil from grape seeds was totally extracted. The produced oil was of satisfactory quality, and the content of α‐tocopherol in obtained grape seed oil at optimal extraction conditions was 36.05 mg kg−1.
Propuesta de indicadores SMARTER de trabajo decente para la agenda de desarrollo posterior a 2015
Authors: OSTERMEIER Martin , LINDE Sarah , LAY Jann , PREDIGER Sebastian 
Published: November 2015

ResumenLos indicadores actuales de los ODM sobre empleo presentan deficiencias importantes, como problemas de medición, uso inadecuado de estadísticas agregadas, ambigüedad interpretativa y supuestos de base no aplicables a los países en desarrollo. Tratando de superar estos problemas, los autores proponen cuatro nuevos indicadores de empleo productivo y trabajo decente: el crecimiento de la contribución del trabajo al valor añadido por trabajador, la tasa de trabajadores pobres y los porcentajes de trabajadores que ganan menos de un ingreso laboral mínimo absoluto y relativo (el 60 por ciento de la mediana del ingreso laboral). Aplican empíricamente estos indicadores a los casos de Uganda y Perú.
Medición, estructura y efectos de la informalidad en una microeconomía
Authors: BESIM Mustafa , EKICI Tufan , JENKINS Glenn P. 
Published: November 2015

ResumenEn este artículo se mide el alcance del empleo informal y los ingresos no registrados que genera en una microeconomía caracterizada por una gobernanza deficiente. Se utilizan datos censales y de encuestas para estimar el número de trabajadores informales en Chipre Septentrional y analizar sus características durante el periodo 2004–2011. En su mayoría son nacionales no registrados en el régimen de seguridad social, inmigrantes ilegales o pluriempleados que no han declarado su segundo empleo. En términos de valor añadido, el tamaño estimado de la economía informal era del 9,1 y del 12,2 por ciento del PIB en 2006 y 2011, respectivamente.