bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP OF SERUM LEPTIN AND PLASMA APELIN LEVELS IN MEN WITH METABOLIC SYNDROME
Authors: Fedotova A. V. , Chernysheva E. N. , Panova T. N. , Akhtyamova K. V. 
Published: December 2016

Background: The metabolic syndrome is seen as a cluster of high cardiovascular risk factors. New hormone-like substances, such as adipokines leptin and apelin, produced by fat tissue, are important for the pathophysiology of the metabolic syndrome.Aim: To evaluate levels of plasma apelin and serum leptin in patients with metabolic syndrome.Materials and methods: We examined 122 male patients with metabolic syndrome and 30 healthy males aged from 25 to 60 years. All patients were assessed accordingly to confirm the diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome, with additional measurements of serum leptin and plasma apelin.Results: Serum leptin levels were 10-fold higher and plasma apelin levels 3-fold higher in patients with metabolic syndrome (n=122), compared to the controls (n=30): 25.43 vs. 3.99 ng/mL (p<0.05) and 1.13 vs. 0.66 ng/mL (p<0.05), respectively. Serum leptin levels correlated with all parameters of the excess body weight, such as body mass (r=0.79, р<0.05), body mass index (r=0.93, р<0.05), waist circumference (r=0.61, р<0.05), hip circumference (r=0.57, р<0.05), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; r=0.4, р<0.05). Plasma apelin levels correlated with the waist circumference (r=0.27, р<0.05) and WHR (r=0.29, р<0.05). There was a significant increase of serum leptin dependent on the bodyweight category: 19.8 ng/mL in patients with obesity Grade I (n=49) and 28.7 ng/mL in those with obesity Grade II (n=46) (р<0.05). There was a non-significant trend towards an increase in plasma apelin depending on bodyweight. As far as abdominal obesity is concerned, in patients with WHR<1 (n=35), plasma apelin level was 0.36 ng/mL, whereas in those with WHR of ≥1 (n=87), it was 3-fold higher (1.09 ng/mL, р<0.05); the increase in serum leptin levels was non-significant. There was no association between plasma apelin and serum leptin in patients with metabolic syndrome (r=0.1, р>0.05).Conclusion: The adipokine levels in men with metabolic syndrome are higher than in normal men. Serum leptin level is a sensitive parameter indicating accumulation of the fat tissue, irrespective of its localization. Plasma apelin is less sensitive, but it does reflect fat accumulation of the central (abdominal) type.
SLEEP APNEA IN ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
Authors: Misnikova I. V. 
Published: December 2016

In the recent years, an association between sleep apnea and a number of endocrine diseases has been established. The secretion of many hormones after falling asleep is considerably changed, compared to the period of wakefulness. In patients with endocrine disorders, abnormal hormonal secretion and its pathological consequences may contribute to sleep apnea. Sleep fragmentation and intermittent hypoxia arising in sleep apnea result in a decrease in insulin sensitivity, which contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of sleep apnea increases in acromegaly, which may affect the risk of cardio-pulmonary complications. There is an association between sleep apnea and testosterone treatment in men, as well as in postmenopausal women. Sleep apnea in hypothyroidism is most frequently related to the development of hypothyroidism per se and can therefore be reversed with thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Timely detection and treatment of sleep apnea in patients with endocrine disorders can improve their survival prognosis and quality of life.
SECONDARY (ENDOCRINE) HYPERTENSION: LECTURE
Authors: Yukina M. Yu. , Troshina E. A. , Bel'tsevich D. G. , Platonova N. M. 
Published: December 2016

Hypertension is a very common disease with high morbidity and reduction in quality of life. Endocrine disorders are the most common cause of secondary hypertension affecting ~3% of the population. Primary aldosteronism can be the cause of endocrine hypertension more often than other endocrine disorders. Other less common causes of endocrine hypertension include Cushing syndrome, pheochromocytoma, thyroid disorders, and hyperparathyroidism. Endocrine hypertension is potentially curable if the underlying cause is identified and treated accordingly. Younger age at manifestation of resistance to multiple antihypertensive drugs, together with other clinical signs of an endocrine disorder, should raise the suspicion and prompt the appropriate evaluation.
VASCULAR CALCIFICATION, ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND BONE LOSS (OSTEOPOROSIS): NEW PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL MECHANISMS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL THERAPY
Authors: Dolzhenko A. , Richter T. , Sagalovsky S. 
Published: December 2016

Vascular calcification or ectopic mineralization in blood vessels is an active, cell-regulated process, increasingly recognized as a general cardiovascular risk factor. Ectopic artery mineralization is frequently accompanied by decreased bone mineral density or disturbed bone turnover and development of the osteoporosis. The latest data support the correlation of osteoporosis and atherosclerosis, indicating the parallel progression of two tissue destruction processes with increased fatal and nonfatal coronary events, as well as a higher fracture risk. Patients with osteoporosis, have a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases than subjects with normal bone. Many proteins responsible for bone formation and resorption have been identified in the arterial wall. Vascular calcification includes mostly osteogenic and, to a lesser extent chondrogenic differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclast-like cells. It has been shown that many of the regulators of bone formation and resorption some bone structural proteins, such as osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) are also expressed in the atherosclerotic plaque. When RANKL binds to RANK, osteoclasts are activated and bone resorption occurs and processes of vascular calcification become also activated. OPG, protein homologue to receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (RANK), can bind to RANKL, blocking the binding of RANKL to RANK, that results in inhibition of differentiation of preosteoclasts to mature osteoclasts, lower osteoclast capacity for resorption of bone mineral matrix, and development vascular calcification. The latest data supports that cathepsin K, a cysteine protease, can efficiently degrade type I and II collagen, both of which are major matrix components of the bone and atherosclerotic plaque. These findings further underscore the potential of cathepsin K as a target for novel molecules to treat osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. Thus, the discovery of the cytokine RANKL-RANK-OPG system and significant role of the cathepsin K in the process of bone remodeling, vascular calcification and atherosclerosis has made progress in understanding the mechanisms of disease development and possibly to develop new dual therapies. New therapies for osteoporosis and atherosclerosis that may potentially improve or augment existing treatments include the recently approved anti-receptor activator of NF-κB-ligand monoclonal antibody fms (denosumab) and the cathepsin K inhibitor odanacatib, presently in the late stage of clinical development.
MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 2B: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Troshina E. A. , Mazurina N. V. , Logvinova O. V. 
Published: December 2016

This article provides our own clinical observation of the patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN2B) associated with a germinal mutation in the RET proto-oncogene. Although there are highly informative laboratory methods available, in clinical practice MEN2B syndrome is often diagnosed lately, which results in decrease in patients’ life expectancy and quality.
PARATHYROID CANCER OCCURRING IN RELAPSING SECONDARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Kotova I. V. , Voronkova I. A. , Kazantseva I. A. 
Published: December 2016

We present a clinical case of parathyroid cancer in a patient with relapsing secondary hyperparathyroidism at 4 years after subtotal parathyroidectomy. Its unique character is related to the combination of relapsing secondary hyperparathyroidism, parathyromatosis, ectopic of an adenomatous hyperplastic parathyroid gland into the thyroid gland, and parathyroid cancer. Several most complicated aspects of parathyroid surgery are disclosed, such as the choice of strategy for surgical intervention in secondary hyperparathyroidism, complexity of morphological and cytological diagnostics of this disorder.
Insurance Education in Universities of Turkey
Authors: Cula Serpil , Muluk Zehra 
Published: December 2016

The instinct of preservation of life caused the concept of insurance to be formed which is developing and keeping its existence since the very first ages to these days. Insurance sector that is related with the level of welfare of society, has presented the importance of conceptual and applied science in matter of determining the risks, examining and detecting the damage that may come out. It is an unavoidable necessity to develop quantity and quality of insurance education parallel to the development in the sector. Employment is divided into five sub groups in insurance sector. These sub groups are: technical staff, expert, actuary, broker and company staff. More than 55000 employees are taking place in these sub groups and one quarter of them are needed to be educated directly in insurance, risk and actuarial. So the importance of the insurance education is very clear when these factors are taken into account. Â Insurance education is provided by formal education vocational high schools, 2 year junior technical collages, 4 year collages, bachelor and graduate schools in our country. In service education about insurance is provided by Insurance Education Center (SEGEM) which is founded in October of 2008 in accordance with 5684th law, Â Â Â Â Â subject 31. In this study, education programs about insurance in Turkey will be examined and â€œCourse Planâ€ comparison will be made among each other.Â Keywords: Insurance; Education; Risk
Los contextos Goya-Malabrigo del noreste argentino
Authors: Loponte Daniel , Acosta Alejandro 
Published: December 2016

La unidad arqueológica Goya-Malabrigo agrupa poblaciones precoloniales de cazadores-recolectores complejos, adaptados al sistema pulsátil de la cuenca del río Paraná, insertos dentro de un proceso de intensificación en la explotación del ambiente basado en los peces y los mamíferos terrestres, con una ingesta secundaria de alimentos vegetales. Desarrollaron conductas densodependientes entre las que se incluyen la redundancia ocupacional, conductas territoriales con defensa activa de los espacios productivos, almacenamiento, generación de áreas formales de inhumación, la elevación de algunas bases residenciales y la generación de un equipo complejo de recipientes cerámicos destinados al procesamiento y almacenamiento de una fracción de los recursos. No existen por el momento dentro del registro, evidencias que permitan sostener la existencia de desigualdad institucionalizada. Las características observadas señalan notables similitudes con las otras unidades arqueológicas del área, con las cuales comparte un proceso evolutivo conjunto desarrollado a partir del III milenio AP como mínimo, dentro un probable esquema monofilético, local, y anterior al proceso de expansión de los grupos arawak al sur de la cuenca del Amazonas. No existen evidencias de la influencia de estos últimos en el origen de Goya-Malabrigo. A unidade arqueológica Goya-Malabrigo é um exemplo de populações de caçadores-coletores complexos adaptados ao sistema pulsátil da bacia do rio Paraná, inserida dentro de um processo intenso de exploração do meio ambiente, baseado no aproveitamento de peixes e mamíferos terrestres e com consumo secundário de alimentos de origem vegetal. Com conduta dependente da densidade de população, da conduta territorial com defesa ativa dos espaços de produção, do armazenamento, da criação de áreas formais para sepultamentos, da elevação de bases residenciais e da produção de complexos recipientes cerâmicos destinados ao processamento e armazenamento de uma fracção dos recursos. As características observadas indicam semelhanças notáveis com as outras unidades do registro local, com os quais compartilharam um processo evolutivo geral desenvolvido pelo menos a partir do III milênio AP, dentro de um esquema evolutivo monofilético
Longitudinal Trajectories of Metabolic Control From Childhood to Young Adulthood in Type 1 Diabetes From a Large German/Austrian Registry: A Group-Based Modeling Approach
Authors: Schwandt Anke , Hermann Julia M. , Rosenbauer Joachim , Boettcher Claudia , Dunstheimer Désirée , Grulich-Henn Jürgen , Kuss Oliver , Rami-Merhar Birgit , Vogel Christian , Holl Reinhard W. ,   on behalf of the DPV Initiative
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVEWorsening of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes during puberty is a common observation. However, HbA1c remains stable or even improves for some youths. The aim is to identify distinct patterns of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes from childhood to young adulthood.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 6,433 patients with type 1 diabetes were selected from the prospective, multicenter diabetes patient registry Diabetes-Patienten-Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) (follow-up from age 8 to 19 years, baseline diabetes duration ≥2 years, HbA1c aggregated per year of life). We used latent class growth modeling as the trajectory approach to determine distinct subgroups following a similar trajectory for HbA1c over time.RESULTSFive distinct longitudinal trajectories of HbA1c were determined, comprising group 1 = 40%, group 2 = 27%, group 3 = 15%, group 4 = 13%, and group 5 = 5% of patients. Groups 1–3 indicated stable glycemic control at different HbA1c levels. At baseline, similar HbA1c was observed in group 1 and group 4, but HbA1c deteriorated in group 4 from age 8 to 19 years. Similar patterns were present in group 3 and group 5. We observed differences in self-monitoring of blood glucose, insulin therapy, daily insulin dose, physical activity, BMI SD score, body-height SD score, and migration background across all HbA1c trajectories (all P ≤ 0.001). No sex differences were present. Comparing groups with similar initial HbA1c but different patterns, groups with higher HbA1c increase were characterized by lower frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose and physical activity and reduced height (all P &lt; 0.01).CONCLUSIONSUsing a trajectory approach, we determined five distinct longitudinal patterns of glycemic control from childhood to early adulthood. Diabetes self-care, treatment differences, and demographics were related to different HbA1c courses.
Is A High-fiber Diet able to Influence Ovalbumin-induced Allergic Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model?
Authors: Zhang Zhiyu , Shi Lei , Pang Wenhui , Wang Xiaoting , Li Jianfeng , Wang Haibo , Shi Guanggang 
Published: December 2016

Background More recently, a large amount of experimental and clinical discovered that dietary-fiber intake would decrease the susceptibility to allergic airway disease (AAD) and respiratory inflammation. Objective To investigate whether a fiber-intake supplement is able to influence the induction of AAD and to elucidate the interactive relationship. Methods AAD model mice and control mice were raised on a fundamental diet with standard 4% fiber content, whereas other mice were fed a 10% fiber-content diet in the high fiber-content group, along with a 25% fiber-content diet instead in very-high fiber-content group. All experimental mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin to induce allergic inflammation in both the upper and lower airways. Hallmarks of AAD were examined in terms of eosinophil infiltration and goblet cell metaplasia in subepithelial mucosa, T-helper type 1 (Th1) to Th2 skewing of the immune response. Furthermore, to elucidate the interrelations, we generated 16S ribosomal DNA from fecal samples and further validated the variation of colony composition in each group. Results The excessive high-fiber supplement induced a promoting effect rather than a suppressive effect, including a rise in nasal rubbing and sneezing, an increase in eosinophil inflammation and goblet cell metaplasia in subepithelial mucosa, and promoted Th1 skewing of the immune response as well as the production of serum levels of ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E. Moreover, overconsumption of dietary fiber greatly altered the construction of bacterial flora in the intestinal tract, including an increased proportion of Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria, and a decreased proportion of Bacteroidetes. Conclusion Our work indicated that, instead of a protecting impact, excessive fiber intake preformed a negative influence on the induction of AAD. Therefore, we suspected that an excessive supplement of dietary fiber might not be an advisable method for the prevention and treatment of AADs.
Genotype × environment interaction of quality protein maize grain yield in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Jiban , Kunwar Chitra Bahadur , Upadhyaya Jharana , Giri Maiya , Katuwal Ram Bahadur , Acharya Ramesh , Gurung Suk Bahadur , Adhikari Bhim Nath , Paudel Amrit Prasad , Paneru Ram Babu 
Published: December 2016

In order to determine G × E interaction of quality protein maize grain yield, six maize genotypes were evaluated under different environments of three Terai (Chitwan, Surkhet and Doti) and four mid hill (Dhankuta, Lalitpur, Dolakha and Kaski) districts of Nepal during summer seasons of 2014 and 2015. The experiments were conducted using randomized complete block design along with three replications. The genotypes namely S99TLYQ-B, S99TLYQ-HG-AB and S03TLYQ-AB-01 were identified high yielding and better adapted genotypes for Terai environments with grain yield of 4199 kg ha-1, 3715 kg ha-1, and 3336 kg ha-1 respectively and S99TLYQ-B and S03TLYQ-AB-01 for mid hill environments with grain yield of 4547 kg ha-1 and 4365 kg ha-1 respectively. Therefore, these genotypes can be suggested for cultivation in their respective environments in the country.
La Colombie-Britannique et la rivalité interprovinciale des politiques canadiennes du cinéma
Authors: Gasher Mike 
Published: December 2016

Cet article porte sur une rivalité qui s'est intensifiée pendant les années 1990 entre les trois provinces les plus actives dans la production cinématographique: le Québec, l'Ontario et la Colombie-Britannique, Cette dispute résulte, entre autres, de l'émergence de la Colombie-Britannique en tant que centre de production audiovisuelle, de politiques fédérales de financement de productions télévisuelles et cinématographiques locales qui ne discriminent pas en termes géographiques et de la compétition interprovinciale visant à attirer la production étrangère. Ce texte propose que le Québec, l'Ontario et la Colombie-Britannique représentent moins trois branches d'une industrie cinématographique nationale qu'un ensemble de territoires se disputant, sur le terrain politique économique, emplois et investissements financiers. Comme point de départ, un tableau des initiatives de politiques cinématographiques formulées par le gouvernement de la Colombie-Britannique pendant les années 1990 sera tracé. Ces politiques avaient un objectif: diversifier une économie largement dépendante de l'extraction de ressources naturelles et rapatrier une plus grande part du financement culturel fédéral vers la Colombie-Britannique. Ici, une attention particulière est portée à la façon dont le discours politique dans la province présente la production audiovisuelle, à la manière dont les instruments de financement fédéraux sont mis en lumière par ce discours et à la réponse que représentent ces politiques aux initiatives québécoises et ontariennes. La conclusion de l'article évaluera les implications tant positives que négatives de cet antagonisme interprovincial pour le septième art au Canada. En effet, s'il a permis à d'autres que le centre du pays de participer à la production de films et de productions télévisuelles, il a aussi entravé la collaboration entre provinces, renforcé l'image industrielle du cinéma et créé une dépendance envers la production extra-frontalière.
One Size Does Not Fit All: Canadian Government Laboratories as Diverse and Complex Institutions
Authors: Doern G. Bruce , Kinder Jeffrey S. 
Published: December 2016

The federal government’s research laboratories are facing numerous pressures. They must support important regulatory, policy and risk-management objectives, which are critical to ensuring public confidence in the government’s ability to protect the health and safety of Canadians and the environment. Government laboratories are also cast as catalytic agents in national and local systems of innovation and are expected to contribute to industrial development. At the same time, government laboratories are under pressure to adopt new institutional arrangements and service delivery practices, and face challenges with respect to renewing their research capacities to deal with emerging science-based issues. These and other pressures create the context in which government laboratories operate. In this changing context, the roles and institutional designs of government laboratories are evolving and merit further examination. The authors introduce an analytical framework that focusses on government laboratories as complex institutions and reflects their diversity as a changing mix of hierarchies, networks and markets. They explore the links between this institutional approach and the literatures on New Public Management (NPM) and national systems of innovation. The authors then review a variety of government science policy studies from the past 40 years to determine how they have viewed the roles and institutional design of federal laboratories. Finally, the authors offer their conclusions as to the implications of the changing institutional context for Canadian science and technology policy.
Combined gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor plus apelin in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model in rats
Authors: Hiramatsu Masafumi , Hishikawa Tomohito , Tokunaga Koji , Kidoya Hiroyasu , Nishihiro Shingo , Haruma Jun , Shimizu Tomohisa , Takasugi Yuji , Shinji Yukei , Sugiu Kenji , Takakura Nobuyuki , Date Isao 
Published: December 2016

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether combined gene therapy with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plus apelin during indirect vasoreconstructive surgery enhances brain angiogenesis in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model in rats.METHODSA chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model induced by the permanent ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries (CCAs; a procedure herein referred to as “CCA occlusion” [CCAO]) in rats was employed in this study. Seven days after the CCAO procedure, the authors performed encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS) and injected plasmid(s) into each rat's temporal muscle. Rats were divided into 4 groups based on which plasmid was received (i.e., LacZ group, VEGF group, apelin group, and VEGF+apelin group). Protein levels in the cortex and attached muscle were assessed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on Day 7 after EMS, while immunofluorescent analysis of cortical vessels was performed on Day 14 after EMS.RESULTSThe total number of blood vessels in the cortex on Day 14 after EMS was significantly larger in the VEGF group and the VEGF+apelin group than in the LacZ group (p < 0.05, respectively). Larger vessels appeared in the VEGF+apelin group than in the other groups (p < 0.05, respectively). Apelin protein on Day 7 after EMS was not detected in the cortex for any of the groups. In the attached muscle, apelin protein was detected only in the apelin group and the VEGF+apelin group. Immunofluorescent analysis revealed that apelin and its receptor, APJ, were expressed on endothelial cells (ECs) 7 days after the CCAO.CONCLUSIONSCombined gene therapy (VEGF plus apelin) during EMS in a chronic cerebral hypoperfusion model can enhance angiogenesis in rats. This treatment has the potential to be a feasible option in a clinical setting for patients with moyamoya disease.