bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a See and Treat clinic on skin cancer treatment time
Authors: McLaughlin Scott J. P. , Kenealy John , Locke Michelle B. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundMany plastic surgery departments in Australasia have experienced increasing referrals for management of skin lesions. This has driven a demand for new strategies to decrease patient waiting time and administrative costs. The aim of this study was to determine if a purpose‐built See and Treat skin cancer clinic could provide a faster skin cancer treatment pathway with comparable clinical outcomes and acceptability to patients.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study of patients treated through the See and Treat clinic with a retrospective control cohort. The prospective ‘See and Treat’ cohort included a consecutive series of 106 patients, while the retrospective cohort included a consecutive series of 200 patients. Patient demographics, time from referral to surgery and operative measures were analysed. One hundred patients in the prospective cohort completed an anonymous satisfaction survey regarding their treatment.ResultsThe average time from referral to surgery was reduced from 121 days in the retrospective cohort to 60 days in the See and Treat cohort (P < 0.001). Rates of complete excision of malignant and premalignant lesions were not different between the two groups, being 93% (178/191) and 91% (76/84), respectively (P = 0.609). Ninety‐five percent (95/100) of patients were satisfied with their See and Treat experience overall.ConclusionWe show that a considerable reduction in the time between referral and surgery can be achieved through a See and Treat clinic without compromise of the success of surgical treatment. Moreover, such a treatment pathway has been shown to be acceptable, and largely preferable, to patients.
Activation of Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors Increases Proliferation but does not Influence Neuronal Differentiation of a Human Neural Stem Cell Line
Authors: Dindler Anne , Blaabjerg Morten , Kamand Morad , Bogetofte Helle , Meyer Morten 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe multiple functions of glutamate include regulation of neural development and stem cells. While the importance of the ionotropic glutamate receptors is well‐established, less is known about the role of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). In this study, we examined the effects of pharmacological activation and inhibition of mGluR2/3 on proliferation, differentiation and viability of a human neural stem cell line. Immunofluorescence staining revealed the presence of mGluR2/3 receptors on both proliferating and differentiating stem cells, including cells differentiated into β‐tubulin III‐positive immature neurons and glial fibrillary acidic protein‐positive astrocytes. Stimulation of mGluR2/3 receptors during cell propagation using the agonist (2S,2′R,3′R)‐2‐(2′,3′‐dicarboxycyclopropyl) glycine (DCG‐IV) increased total cell numbers significantly (60% compared to untreated controls). This effect could be inhibited by the specific antagonist (2S)‐2‐Amino‐2‐[(1S,2S)‐2‐carboxycycloprop‐1‐yl]‐3‐(xanth‐9‐yl) propanoic acid (LY341495). The antagonist alone had no effect. No significant decrease in cell death was found following mGluR2/3 stimulation, suggesting that the observed elevation in cell number was not related to cell viability. Subsequent differentiation of the cells resulted in a slight decrease in β‐tubulin III‐positive neurons (5.2–3.2% of total cells) for DCG‐IV pre‐treated cultures. Treatment with DCG‐IV and LY342495 during cell differentiation alone had no such effect. Western blot analysis revealed that the active, dimeric form of mGluR2/3 was mainly present on the proliferating cells, which may explain our findings. This study emphasizes the importance of glutamate and mGluRs on regulation of human neural stem cells and suggests a significant role of mGluR2/3 during cell proliferation.
Multicentre evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging supported transperineal prostate biopsy in biopsy‐naïve men with suspicion of prostate cancer
Authors: Hansen Nienke L. , Barrett Tristan , Kesch Claudia , Pepdjonovic Lana , Bonekamp David , O'Sullivan Richard , Distler Florian , Warren Anne , Samel Christina , Hadaschik Boris , Grummet Jeremy , Kastner Christof 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo analyse the detection rates of primary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐fusion transperineal prostate biopsy using combined targeted and systematic core distribution in three tertiary referral centres.Patients and MethodsIn this multicentre, prospective outcome study, 807 consecutive biopsy‐naïve patients underwent MRI‐guided transperineal prostate biopsy, as the first diagnostic intervention, between 10/2012 and 05/2016. MRI was reported following the Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) criteria. In all, 236 patients had 18–24 systematic transperineal biopsies only, and 571 patients underwent additional targeted biopsies either by MRI‐fusion or cognitive targeting if PI‐RADS ≥3 lesions were present. Detection rates for any and Gleason score 7–10 cancer in targeted and overall biopsy were calculated and predictive values were calculated for different PI‐RADS and PSA density (PSAD) groups.ResultsCancer was detected in 68% of the patients (546/807) and Gleason score 7–10 cancer in 49% (392/807). The negative predictive value of 236 PI‐RADS 1–2 MRI in combination with PSAD of <0.1 ng/mL/mL for Gleason score 7–10 was 0.91 (95% confidence interval ± 0.07, 8% of study population). In 418 patients with PI‐RADS 4–5 lesions using targeted plus systematic biopsies, the cancer detection rate of Gleason score 7–10 was significantly higher at 71% vs 59% and 61% with either approach alone (P < 0.001). For 153 PI‐RADS 3 lesions, the detection rate was 31% with no significant difference to systematic biopsies with 27% (P > 0.05). Limitations include variability of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) reading and Gleason grading.ConclusionMRI‐based transperineal biopsy performed at high‐volume tertiary care centres with a significant experience of prostate mpMRI and image‐guided targeted biopsies yielded high detection rates of Gleason score 7–10 cancer. Prostate biopsies may not be needed for men with low PSAD and an unsuspicious MRI. In patients with high probability lesions, combined targeted and systematic biopsies are recommended.
Determinants of life satisfaction in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN‐IV study
Authors: Kelishadi Roya , Qorbani Mostafa , Heshmat Ramin , Motlagh Mohammad Esmaeil , Magoul Arman , Mansourian Morteza , Raeesi Sina , Gorabi Armita Mahdavi , Safiri Saeid , Mirmoghtadaee Parisa 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundLife satisfaction (LS) in children and adolescents is important because of its effects on their school performance and the future adulthood life. In this multicentric study, we examined some determinants of LS in the pediatric age group.MethodThis multicentric study was a part of the fourth national school‐based surveillance program in Iran (2011–2012). It was conducted among 14,880 children and adolescents, aged 6–18 years, living in 30 provinces in Iran. We used the questionnaire of the World Health Organization on Global School‐based Health Survey (WHO‐GSHS), which was translated to Persian and validated in Iranian children and adolescents. LS was defined by a single question: ‘Generally, which score between 0 (the worst) to 10 (the best) do you feel well describes your life at the moment?’ The score of six and above was considered as satisfied. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the determinants of LS.ResultsIn total, 13,486 students completed the study (response rate 90.6%). Overall, 86.7%, 78.19%, and 71.44 of students were satisfied with their life in elementary, middle, and high schools. Students in middle school (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.73, 0.96) and high schools (OR 0.63; 95% CI 0.54, 0.72) were less satisfied with their life. Students with moderate (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.20, 1.54) and good (OR 1.66; 95% CI 1.44, 1.91) socioeconomic status were more satisfied than those with low status. Those who consulted with one (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.34, 1.81) or both (OR 2.22; 95% CI 1.89, 2.60) of their parents were more satisfied with their life. Students who felt being accepted by their peers were 1.34 (95% CI 1.18, 1.52) times more satisfied with their life. Other associated variables were weekly (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.12, 1.572) or daily (OR 1.6; 95% CI 01.12, 1.57) fruit consumption, moderate (OR 1.14; 95% CI 1.01, 1.29) and high (OR 1.1; 95% CI 1.02, 1.347) physical activity, good self‐rated health (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.88, 2.37), and daily tooth brushing (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.18, 1.46). Students with anxiety (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.65, 0.82) and depression (OR 0.73; 95% CI 0.58, 0.74) were less satisfied with their life.ConclusionSome demographic and lifestyle factors, including higher socioeconomic status, consultation with parents, healthy dietary, and physical activity habits, were associated with higher LS in children and adolescents. Then, interventions that focus on improving lifestyle factors and parents’ support could increase LS among children and adolescents.
Eight weeks of omeprazole 20 mg significantly reduces both laryngopharyngeal reflux and comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis signs and symptoms: Randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Anzić S.A. , Turkalj M. , Župan A. , Labor M. , Plavec D. , Baudoin T. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesGastroesophageal reflux recommended treatment (dose and duration) with proton‐pump inhibitor (PPI) compared to placebo significantly reduces the signs and symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).DesignDouble‐blind randomised placebo‐controlled trial.SettingEight weeks of treatment with omeprazole 20 mg once daily (OD).ParticipantsSixty patients (28 women, aged 19‐87 years) with diagnosed LPR and comorbid CRS.Main outcome measuresSignificant reduction in signs and symptoms (reflux symptom index (RSI) score as subjective, and reflux finding score (RFS) as objective measure) of LPR after 8 weeks of treatment with omeprazole 20 mg OD when compared to placebo. Secondary objectives were significant reduction in signs and symptoms of comorbid CRS after 8 weeks of treatment with omeprazole 20 mg OD when compared to placebo and the association of the severity of signs and symptoms of LPR with the ones of CRS.ResultsRSI and RFS decreased significantly more in the active treatment group after 8 weeks compared to placebo (P < .001 for both). CRS and endoscopy scoring decreased both significantly more in the active group after 8 weeks compared to placebo (P < .001 for both). CRS scoring significantly correlated with RSI (R = 0.312, P = .015) but not with RFS (R = 0.199, P = .127).ConclusionsThe results of our trial suggest that omeprazole 20 mg OD for 8 weeks was effective in reducing signs and symptoms of both LPR and CRS, although in most patients still present at the end of the trial.
Praying for Rain?: Reformed Perspectives from the Southern African Context
Authors: Conradie Ernst 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis contribution addresses the question raised in this volume whether praying for rain is an appropriate response to the impact of climate change from a Southern African perspective. It commences with a missionary story from Chipata in Zambia, reflects on subsequent contextual changes, and raises some theological questions on discerning the movement of the Spirit, divine action, and providence. It addresses such questions with reference to material developed for a “Season of Creation” from within the Western Cape, namely on the theme of “God and El Niño: What can we expect from the God of Exodus?” It concludes that praying for rain is a rather limited ecclesial response to climate change that raises more questions than it can answer.
Prayer for Rain: A Pentecostal Perspective from Kenya
Authors: Maseno Loreen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNairobi, the capital city of Kenya, has a population of 3.5 million people. The concentration of Pentecostal and charismatic churches in Nairobi, as in other African cities, has more than doubled since the 1970s. The Kenya meteorological department in June 2016 forecast poor short rains in 2016. By December 2016, the Thika Dam (Ndakaini), which provides 85 percent of the water used in Nairobi, was below the 50 percent level. This led the Nairobi water and sewerage company to issue detailed water‐rationing programmes effective 1 January 2017. With dry taps across the city, actual effects of depressed rains were visible. Using fieldwork data, this paper examines the response, if any, of three Pentecostal churches in Nairobi in two separate month‐long periods, July 2016 and January 2017, to the meteorological department and Nairobi water and sewerage alerts. Three services for each Pentecostal church were sampled, bringing the total number of church services to nine. From fieldwork data, a vibrant African Pentecostal eco‐theology emerges, which is the greening of all of God's creation on earth. Using typologies available for defining the relationship between human beings and nonhuman nature identified within public theology discourse, I find that two of the congregations align themselves with utilitarian anthropocentrism and nature‐centred approaches, while the other defies plausible positioning.
Are Prayers a Panacea for Climate Uncertainties?: An African Traditional Perspective from Swaziland
Authors: Nyawo Sonene 
Published: October 2017

AbstractClimate change is a major threat to sustainable development, not only in sub‐Saharan Africa countries, but throughout the world. Swaziland as a developing nation has been hit hard by the frequency and intensity of severe weather volatility. While this situation has received scientific and technological interpretations, Swazi indigenous thought rejects these since it ascribes natural catastrophes to cosmic forces. Thus, people observe formalized systems of interaction with the supernatural world to find practical solutions to any disaster or social ill. This contribution maintains that indigenous thought is still vibrant among many Swazis despite their encounter with a new religious orientation. Swazi Christian thought patterns still correlate with the traditional view of Swazi cosmology. Hence, Christians have held corporate prayers at local church, regional, and national levels to harness the impersonal forces of El Niño, La Niña, and the recent Cyclone Dineo. For many Swazis in this predominantly Christian population, God has the power to restore any disturbed equilibrium in the spiritual, social, or natural milieu of human life through prayer.
African Religion, Climate Change, and Knowledge Systems
Authors: Tarusarira Joram 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article argues that as humanity is now changing the composition of the atmosphere at a rate that is very exceptional on the geological time scale, resulting in global warming, humans must deal with climate change holistically, including the often overlooked religion factor. Human‐caused climate change has resulted primarily from changes in the amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, but also from changes in small particles (aerosols), as well as from changes in land use. In Africa, the entire relationship between humans and nature, including activities such as land use, has deep religious and spiritual underpinnings. In general, religion is central to many of the decisions people make about their own communities’ development. Hence, this contribution examines religion as a factor that can be tapped into to mitigate negative effects of climate change, discussing climate change and religion in the context of development practice. It argues that some of the difficulties encountered in development, including efforts to reverse global warming in Africa, directly speak to the relegation of African cosmovision and conversely of the need to adopt new epistemologies, concepts, and models that take religion into consideration.
Praying for Rain?: A Rastafari Perspective from Zimbabwe
Authors: Sibanda Fortune 
Published: October 2017

AbstractClimate change remains one of the most enigmatic questions that humanity urgently needs to address. Emanating from the ecological crisis, climate change threatens the survival of some species (including humanity) and the depletion of natural resources. The situation is deplorable, but arguably religion/spirituality can contribute to meeting the challenge. This study explores a Zimbabwean Rastafari perspective on praying for rain against the backdrop of climate change. The article posits that praying for rain is integral to Rastafari “livity” and liturgical life. Among other pertinent questions, the study asks: What is the value Rastafarians accord to nature? How do Rastafarians pray for rain? Do they take responsibility for the environment? The research concludes that Rastafarians operate as post–20th‐century Nazarenes, where prayer is a practical and tangible manifestation of work that is crucial to living harmoniously with nature. Rastafari “green philosophy” is a practical spiritual consciousness that decisively complements global efforts of shared responsibility for nature in the context of the climate change crisis.
Riverside wren pairs jointly defend their territories against simulated intruders
Authors: Quirós‐Guerrero Esmeralda , Janeiro Maria João , Lopez‐Morales Marvin , Cresswell Will , Templeton Christopher N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDuets are a jointly produced signal where two or more individuals coordinate their vocalizations by overlapping or alternating their songs. Duets are used in a wide array of contexts within partnerships, ranging from territory defence to pair bond maintenance. It has been proposed that pairs that coordinate their songs might also better coordinate other activities, including nest building, parental care and defending shared resources. Here, we tested in the riverside wren (Cantorchilus semibadius), a neotropical duetting species that produces highly coordinated duet songs, whether males and females show similar responses to playback. During territorial disputes in songbird species, individuals tend to direct their attention towards same‐sex territorial intruders, but this bias might be less pronounced in duetting species. We performed a dual‐speaker playback experiment to examine how mated individuals respond to speakers broadcasting female‐versus‐male duet contributions. We found that riverside wrens have high levels of converging behaviour by duetting and remaining in close proximity to one another when responding to simulated paired intruders. Males and females spent more than 80% of their time less than 1 m apart while defending their territory. Both individuals in a pair aggressively engaged with both male and female simulated trespassers by approaching equally close and spending equal time near the two speakers. These results suggest that both sexes perceive a paired territorial intrusion as a similar threat and that both partners are highly invested in defending the shared resources. This study is one of the few to demonstrate equal attention and aggression from mated pairs towards simulated same‐sex and opposite‐sex intruders. We suggest that pairs responding together, in close proximity to one another, might be favourable in duetting species when defending the territory because maintaining a close distance between partners facilitates the extreme coordination of their joint territorial signals.
A decreased peritumoral CD1a+ cell number predicts a worse prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jardim Juscelino F , Gondak Rogério , Galvis Marisol M , Pinto Clovis A L , Kowalski Luiz P 
Published: October 2017

AimsDendritic cells (DCs) are known to play a central role in the regulation of both innate and adaptive immunological responses, including antitumour immunity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of intratumoral and peritumoral DCs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) affecting the tongue and floor of the mouth.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry for CD1a and CD83 was performed in 53 patients with OSCC in the tongue and floor of the mouth. The markers were evaluated by automated examination in intratumoral and peritumoral compartments, and the results were expressed as density of cells/mm2. Correlations between these data and clinicopathological and survival outcomes were investigated. Depletion of peritumoral CD1a+ cells was associated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.05), whereas depletion of peritumoral CD83+ cells was correlated with smoking history (P = 0.04), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.015), and extracapsular spread of lymph nodes (P = 0.018). Peritumoral CD1a+ was correlated with recurrence (P = 0.007) and overall survival (P = 0.03). The results of the survival analysis with the Cox proportional hazard model showed that depletion of peritumoral CD1a+ cells is an independent factor associated with overall survival and disease‐free survival.ConclusionOur results suggest that depletion of peritumoral CD1a+ cells is a strong independent prognostic factor, predicting a higher recurrence rates and worse survival outcomes.
Consumers’ motivations and roles in rooting for or against underdog consumer
Authors: Zourrig Haithem , El Hedhli Kamel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhen wronged customers feel powerless they could bring publicly their fight against offending firms. Doing so could help to put the perpetrator firms under pressure and urge them to restore fairness. While some consumers could express their commitment to wronged consumers, others may disagree and disapprove their fight. This paper investigates consumers’ motivations and roles in supporting and rooting against powerless customers‐ referred here as underdogs. Using a netnography approach to analyse online participants’ postings, we identified two types of roles: supportive and unsupportive roles. The former consist of five consumers’ roles that are endorsed when rooting for underdogs, namely the Admirer, the Rebel, the Learner, the Opportunist and the Lawyer. The latter consists of four roles adopted by opponent consumers when rooting against underdogs, namely the Sarcastic, the Elitist, the Conformist and the Schadenfreudist. Understanding consumers’ roles and motivations in rooting for the underdogs, is helpful for firms in managing their defensive marketing efforts and reduce the anti‐corporate attitudes. Likewise, knowing what motivates consumers to root against an underdog may help in capitalizing on supportive attitudes and to reinforce the commitment toward the firm.