bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Approaching Deadlines Influence Auditors' Materiality Assessments?
Authors: Bennett G. Bradley , Hatfield Richard C. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARY
We conduct an experiment to investigate whether deadline pressure influences auditors' judgments regarding the materiality of identified errors (internal control deficiencies), as well as the sufficiency of audit evidence to test clients' remediation once a deficiency is identified. Additionally, we consider whether judgments are further affected if the audit firm caused the deadline pressure. We manipulate time deadline pressure (low versus high) and the cause of the deadline pressure (audit firm or not). Findings suggest an interactive effect of deadline pressure and source of delay. Auditors assess identified errors as less material when they are both under high deadline pressure and responsible for creating the pressure. Once the deadline passes, auditors' materiality assessments are the highest, indicating that both the incentive to avoid issuing an adverse opinion and deadline pressure are necessary to impact materiality judgments. Further, when responsible for creating deadline pressure, auditors are willing to sample fewer items and to tolerate more errors in their sample when testing client-remediated deficiencies. These findings provide insight on how deadline pressure impacts audit materiality decisions and complements prior research examining consequences of adverse opinions on the audit of internal controls over financial reporting.
Effects of rare-earth element addition and heat treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-25 % Si alloy
Authors: Dang Bo , Jian Zengyun , Xu Junfeng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe effects of pouring temperature, the content of a rare earth (RE) metal modifier, and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-25 % Si alloy were investigated. The results show that for the unmodified alloy, the morphology of primary Si was transformed from coarse polygons and platelets to fine polyhedral, and the average size decreased with increasing pouring temperature. The primary Si exhibited a small blocky morphology with an average size of 47 μm at an optimal content of 1.2 % RE. The tensile strength and elongation were enhanced by the addition of RE followed by the T6 heat treatment, and the maximum tensile strength and elongation (208.3 MPa and 1.01 %) were obtained for the sample modified with 1.2 % RE followed by the T6 heat treatment.
Updating the Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) Core Domain Set: A Report from the PsA Workshop at OMERACT 2016
Authors: Orbai Ana-Maria , de Wit Maarten , Mease Philip J. , Callis Duffin Kristina , Elmamoun Musaab , Tillett William , Campbell Willemina , FitzGerald Oliver , Gladman Dafna D. , Goel Niti , Gossec Laure , Hoejgaard Pil , Leung Ying Ying , Lindsay Chris , Strand Vibeke , van der Heijde Désirée M. , Shea Bev , Christensen Robin , Coates Laura , Eder Lihi , McHugh Neil , Kalyoncu Umut , Steinkoenig Ingrid , Ogdie Alexis 
Published: February 2017

Objective.To include the patient perspective in accordance with the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Filter 2.0 in the updated Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA) Core Domain Set for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and longitudinal observational studies (LOS).Methods.At OMERACT 2016, research conducted to update the PsA Core Domain Set was presented and discussed in breakout groups. The updated PsA Core Domain Set was voted on and endorsed by OMERACT participants.Results.We conducted a systematic literature review of domains measured in PsA RCT and LOS, and identified 24 domains. We conducted 24 focus groups with 130 patients from 7 countries representing 5 continents to identify patient domains. We achieved consensus through 2 rounds of separate surveys with 50 patients and 75 physicians, and a nominal group technique meeting with 12 patients and 12 physicians. We conducted a workshop and breakout groups at OMERACT 2016 in which findings were presented and discussed. The updated PsA Core Domain Set endorsed with 90% agreement by OMERACT 2016 participants included musculoskeletal disease activity, skin disease activity, fatigue, pain, patient’s global assessment, physical function, health-related quality of life, and systemic inflammation, which were recommended for all RCT and LOS. These were important, but not required in all RCT and LOS: economic cost, emotional well-being, participation, and structural damage. Independence, sleep, stiffness, and treatment burden were on the research agenda.Conclusion.The updated PsA Core Domain Set was endorsed at OMERACT 2016. Next steps for the PsA working group include evaluation of PsA outcome measures and development of a PsA Core Outcome Measurement Set.
Cohetes de agua. La parte divertida de las Leyes de Newton
Authors: Roca Vicent Manuel , Gumbau Gil María Ángeles , Sanchis Campreciós Irene 
Published: February 2017

<p>El estudio del movimiento de los cohetes se ha hecho servir durante décadas para estimular a los alumnos en el estudio de la Física. Este sistema presenta un indudable interés para introducir conceptos como: propiedades de los gases, leyes de Newton, intercambio entre diferentes tipos de energía y su conservación o mecánica de fluidos. Nuestro trabajo ha consistido en construir y lanzar estos cohetes en diferentes niveles educativos y en cada uno de estos hemos introducido la parte de la Física que más se adecuaba a los conocimientos de los alumnos. El objetivo de la experiencia didáctica es lanzar el cohete lo más lejos posible y prever la distancia que recorrerá, mediante la utilización de las leyes de Newton y la mecánica de fluidos. Tras la experimentación demostramos ser capaces de controlar los parámetros que mejoran el funcionamiento de nuestro cohete, tales como el factor de llenado, el volumen y la masa de la botella vacía, densidad del líquido, ángulo de lanzamiento, la presión de aire previa al lanzamiento. Además, es una experiencia divertida que se puede acoplar a todos los niveles educativos en primaria, secundaria y bachillerato.</p>
Assessment of Coronal Leakage of Temporary Restorations in Root Canal-treated Teeth: An in vitro Study
Authors: Nagpal Ajay , Srivastava Pankaj K , Setya Gaurav , Chaudhary Alankrita , Dhanker Kuldeep 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Coronal leakage is one of the constant concerns in routine dental practice. It is one of the factors responsible for the failure of root canal therapy. Permanent restorations should be given as soon as possible after the completion of root canal therapy. If unavoidable, provisional restoration should be given in such a way that it maximally reduced the leakage of microorganisms and fluids from the external environment into the canal space. Hence, we evaluated the effect of saliva on the coronal leakage of temporary restorations.

Materials and methods
Biomechanical preparation of the root canals of 204 fresh mandibular first premolar teeth was done using endodontic files with intermittent irrigation of sodium hypochlorite solution and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Alternate irrigation with normal saline was done periodically. After preparation, drying of the canals was done using paper points followed by sealing of the apical foramen. For the assessment of the microleakage, Siqueira et al apparatus and method was used. All the specimens were divided into four groups based on the provisional restorative material used. All the groups were further divided into three subgroups based on the presence and absence of intracanal medicaments. Verissimo et al's criteria were used to check the turbidity at 1-, 2-, 3-, and 4-week interval respectively. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Chi-square test was used to measure the level of significance, and p < 0.05 was considered to be significant.

Results
In group I, all the subgroups’ specimens showed significant difference at 1 week's time. Only the subgroup with no intracanal medicaments in Cavit-containing provisional restoration showed nonsignificant alterations. Statistically significant alterations were seen at 1, 2, and 3 weeks’ interval in all the subgroups except for one with intracanal medicaments.

Conclusion
All the temporary restorative materials were not able to prevent microleakage after 1 week's time, with worst bacterial resistance shown by Ketac Molar and ionomer restorative material. Future studies are advocated for better prognosis of root canal therapy.

How to cite this article
Srivastava PK, Nagpal A, Setya G, Kumar S, Chaudhary A, Dhanker K. Assessment of Coronal Leakage of Temporary Restorations in Root Canal-treated Teeth: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(2):126-130.
Self-tapping Intermaxillary Fixation Screw: An Alternative to Arch Bar
Authors: Barodiya Animesh , Thukral Rishi , Agrawal SM , Chouhan Anil S , Singh Sidharth , Loksh Yogesh 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The use of intermaxillary fixation (IMF) in the treatment of faciomaxillary fractures is the key factor for reduction and immobilization. Various techniques of IMF have been described in the past and recently IMF screws have been introduced. This technique has various advantages, including ease of use, less time consumption, less trauma to the surrounding soft tissues, and relatively reduced risk of needle stick injury. This study evaluates the efficacy of IMF screws over arch bar IMF before definitive fixation of facial fractures.

Materials and methods
This study is a randomized clinical study. Study population consists of 20 patients with mandibular fractures requiring IMF with open reduction and reported to Department of Oral Surgery, Modern Dental College and Research Centre, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India between September 2012 and April 2015. Two groups were formed with 10 patients in each group. In the first group, IMF was achieved using the Erich's arch bar and wires. In the second group, IMF was achieved using self-tapping IMF screw. The patients were assessed for various parameters, such as the time required in minutes for the IMF stability of fixation, postoperative occlusion, postoperative pain, periodontal health, oral hygiene, and incidence of needle stick injury.

Results
All the cases had stable IMF in both groups. At the end of 14th day, overall oral hygiene was poor in group I and good in group II, significant statistically (p = 0.031). Iatrogenic injury to tooth was absent in group I and present in 1 case in group II, not significant statistically (p = 0.305). Average time taken for the IMF in group I was 74.9 minutes, with the range of 58 to 88 minutes, and in group II was 16.1 minutes, with the range of 11 to 22 minutes, which is highly significant statistically (p = 0.001). Needle stick injuries were taken as positive if glove perforation was present and these were reported in four cases in group I, whereas in group II, no case had incidence of needle stick injuries, which shows significant statistically (p = 0.025).

Conclusion
After this study, we can conclude that IMF selftapping screw is a proven useful technique of IMF. Intermaxillary fixation is a safe and less time-consuming method but with various shortcomings and complications, which the surgeon must be aware of while providing treatment.
Clinical significance:

How to cite this article
Barodiya A, Thukral R, Agrawal SM, Chouhan AS, Singh S, Loksh Y. Self-tapping Intermaxillary Fixation Screw: An Alternative to Arch Bar. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(2):147-151.
Comparison of admission random glucose, fasting glucose, and glycated hemoglobin in predicting the neurological outcome of acute ischemic stroke: a retrospective study
Authors: Sung Jia-Ying , Chen Chin-I , Hsieh Yi-Chen , Chen Yih-Ru , Wu Hsin-Chiao , Chan Lung , Hu Chaur-Jong , Hu Han-Hwa , Chiou Hung-Yi , Chi Nai-Fang 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundHyperglycemia is a known predictor of negative outcomes in stroke. Several glycemic measures, including admission random glucose, fasting glucose, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), have been associated with bad neurological outcomes in acute ischemic stroke, particularly in nondiabetic patients. However, the predictive power of these glycemic measures is yet to be investigated.MethodsThis retrospective study enrolled 484 patients with acute ischemic stroke from January 2009 to March 2013, and complete records of initial stroke severity, neurological outcomes at three months, and glycemic measures were evaluated. We examined the predictive power of admission random glucose, fasting glucose, and HbA1c for neurological outcomes in acute ischemic stroke. Furthermore, subgroup analyses of nondiabetic patients and patients with diabetes were performed separately.ResultsReceiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that admission random glucose and fasting glucose were significant predictors of poor neurological outcomes, whereas HbA1c was not (areas under the ROC curve (AUCs): admission random glucose = 0.564,p= 0.026; fasting glucose = 0.598,p= 0.001; HbA1c = 0.510,p= 0.742). Subgroup analyses of nondiabetic patients and those with diabetes revealed that only fasting glucose predicts neurological outcomes in patients with diabetes, and the AUCs of these three glycemic measures did not differ between the two groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis of the study patients indicated that only age, initial stroke severity, and fasting glucose were independent predictors of poor neurological outcomes, whereas admission random glucose and HbA1c were not (adjusted odds ratio: admission random glucose = 1.002,p= 0.228; fasting glucose = 1.005,p= 0.039; HbA1c = 1.160,p= 0.076). Furthermore, subgroup multivariate logistic regression analyses of nondiabetic patients and those with diabetes indicated that none of the three glycemic measures were associated with poor neurological outcomes.DiscussionFasting glucose is an independent predictor of poor neurological outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke and had greater predictive power than that of admission random glucose and HbA1c. The predictive power of glycemic measures for poor neurological outcomes did not differ significantly between the nondiabetic patients and those with diabetes.
The biogeochemistry of cobalt in the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Dulaquais Gabriel , Planquette Hélène , L'Helguen Stéphane , Rijkenberg Micha J. A. , Boye Marie 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe soluble (sCo < 0.02 µm), dissolved (DCo < 0.2 µm), colloidal (cCo, as DCo minus sCo), and the particulate (pCo > 0.2 µm) fractions of cobalt were investigated along the GEOTRACES‐A04 section. Our results show that sCo was the predominant form (90%) of the DCo in the Mediterranean Sea and that cCo and pCo generally followed the same distribution, suggesting a biogeochemical link between these two fractions. In the Mediterranean Sea, DCo displayed an overall scavenged‐like profile in the different sub‐basins, with high concentrations (up to 350 pM) in surface and quasi‐uniformed low concentrations of DCo (~45 pM) in the deep sea. However, the decoupling between the surface and the deep reservoirs suggested that the transfer of Co from dissolved to particulate pools during the sink of particles may not be the only process governing DCo distribution. High‐surface Co inputs, stabilization of DCo in a soluble form, and the extremely high regeneration rate of biogenic pCo all lead to the accumulation of DCo in surface. Conversely, low pCo export from the surface waters, low remineralization of biogenic pCo, and slow but efficient removal of DCo by scavenging including colloid aggregation into particles prevented its accumulation in the intermediate and deep sea. Moreover, Mediterranean circulation prevented the exchanges between the DCo‐rich surface and the DCo‐poor deep layers enhancing the scavenged‐like profile of DCo. Finally, tentative DCo budgets were balanced at basin scale and showed the strong imprint of the surface inputs at Gibraltar Strait on the Mediterranean cobalt biogeochemistry.
The relative contribution of waves, tides, and nontidal residuals to extreme total water levels on U.S. West Coast sandy beaches
Authors: Serafin Katherine A. , Ruggiero Peter , Stockdon Hilary F. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo better understand how individual processes combine to cause flooding and erosion events, we investigate the relative contribution of tides, waves, and nontidal residuals to extreme total water levels (TWLs) at the shoreline of U.S. West Coast sandy beaches. Extreme TWLs, defined as the observed annual maximum event and the simulated 100 year return level event, peak in Washington, and are on average larger in Washington and Oregon than in California. The relative contribution of wave‐induced and still water levels (SWL) to the 100 year TWL event is similar to that of the annual maximum event; however, the contribution of storm surge to the SWL doubles across events. Understanding the regional variability of TWLs will lead to a better understanding of how sea level rise, changes in storminess, and possible changes in the frequency of major El Niños may impact future coastal flooding and erosion along the U.S. West Coast and elsewhere.
Sound velocity and density of magnesiowüstites: Implications for ultralow‐velocity zone topography
Authors: Wicks June K. , Jackson Jennifer M. , Sturhahn Wolfgang , Zhang Dongzhou 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe explore the effect of Mg/Fe substitution on the sound velocities of iron‐rich (Mg1 − xFex)O, where x = 0.84, 0.94, and 1.0. Sound velocities were determined using nuclear resonance inelastic X‐ray scattering as a function of pressure, approaching those of the lowermost mantle. The systematics of cation substitution in the Fe‐rich limit has the potential to play an important role in the interpretation of seismic observations of the core‐mantle boundary. By determining a relationship between sound velocity, density, and composition of (Mg,Fe)O, this study explores the potential constraints on ultralow‐velocity zones at the core‐mantle boundary.
Gyre‐scale deep convection in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean during winter 2014–2015
Authors: Piron A. , Thierry V. , Mercier H. , Caniaux G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUsing Argo floats, we show that a major deep convective activity occurred simultaneously in the Labrador Sea (LAB), south of Cape Farewell (SCF), and the Irminger Sea (IRM) during winter 2014–2015. Convection was driven by exceptional heat loss to the atmosphere (up to 50% higher than the climatological mean). This is the first observation of deep convection over such a widespread area. Mixed layer depths exceptionally reached 1700 m in SCF and 1400 m in IRM. The deep thermocline density gradient limited the mixed layer deepening in the Labrador Sea to 1800 m. Potential densities of deep waters were similar in the three basins (27.73–27.74 kg m−3) but warmer by 0.3°C and saltier by 0.04 in IRM than in LAB and SCF, meaning that each basin formed locally its own deep water. The cold anomaly that developed recently in the North Atlantic Ocean favored and was enhanced by this exceptional convection.
Scaling oxygen microprofiles at the sediment interface of deep stratified waters
Authors: Schwefel Robert , Hondzo Miki , Wüest Alfred , Bouffard Damien 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDissolved oxygen microprofiles at the sediment‐water interface of Lake Geneva were measured concurrently with velocities 0.25 to 2 m above the sediment. The measurements and scaling analyses indicate dissolved oxygen fluctuations and turbulent fluxes in exceedance of molecular diffusion in the proximity of the sediment‐water interface. The measurements allowed the parameterization of the turbulent diffusion as a function of the dimensionless height above the sediment and the turbulence above the sediment‐water interface. Turbulent diffusion depended strongly on the friction velocity and differed from formulations reported in the literature that are based on concepts of turbulent and developed wall‐bounded flows. The dissolved oxygen microprofiles and proposed parameterization of turbulent diffusion enable a foundation for the similarity scaling of oxygen microprofiles in proximity to the sediment. The proposed scaling allows the estimation of diffusive boundary layer thickness, oxygen flux, and oxygen microprofile distribution in the near‐sediment boundary layer.
Intraslab rupture triggering megathrust rupture coseismically in the 17 December 2016 Solomon Islands Mw 7.9 earthquake
Authors: Lay Thorne , Ye Lingling , Ammon Charles J. , Kanamori Hiroo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe 17 December 2016 Solomon Islands earthquake (Mw 7.9) initiated ~103 km deep in the subducting Solomon Sea slab near the junction of the Solomon Islands and New Britain trenches. Most aftershocks are located near the Solomon Islands plate boundary megathrust west of Bougainville, where previous large interplate thrust faulting earthquakes occurred in 1995 (Mw 7.7) and 1971 (Mw 8.0). Teleseismic body wave modeling and aftershock relocations indicate that the initial 30 s of the 2016 rupture occurred over depths of 90 to 120 km on an intraslab fault dipping ~30° to the southwest, almost perpendicular to the dipping slab interface. The next 50 s of rupture took place at depths of 32 to 47 km in the deeper (Domain C) portion of the overlying megathrust fault dipping ~35° to the northeast. High susceptibility to triggering in the region accounts for this compound rupture of two separate fault planes.
Compatibilization of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate)–poly(lactic acid) blends with diisocyanates
Authors: González‐Ausejo Jennifer , Sánchez‐Safont Estefania , Lagarón José Maria , Balart Rafael , Cabedo Luis , Gámez‐Pérez José 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) was blended with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with various reactive processing agents to decrease its brittleness and enhance its processability. Three diisocyanates, namely, hexamethylene diisocyanate, poly(hexamethylene diisocyanate), and 1,4‐phenylene diisocyanate, were used as compatibilizing agents. The morphology, thermomechanical properties, and rheological behavior were investigated with scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, dynamomechanical thermal analysis in torsion mode (dynamic mechanical analysis), and oscillatory rheometry with a parallel‐plate setup. The presence of the diisocyanates resulted in an enhanced polymer blend compatibility; this led to an improvement in the overall mechanical performance but did not affect the thermal stability of the system. A slight reduction in the PHBV crystallinity was observed with the incorporation of the diisocyanates. The addition of diisocyanates to the PHBV–PLA blend resulted in a notable increase in the final complex viscosity at low frequencies when compared with the same system without compatibilizers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44806.