bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): A review of graded severity algorithms and national adaptations
Authors: Babor Thomas F. , Robaina Katherine 
Published: July 2016

Babor, T., & Robaina, K. (2016). The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT): A review of graded severity algorithms and national adaptations. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(2), 17-24. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i2.222Aims: Since it was first released in 1989, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) has generated a large amount of research to evaluate its psychometric properties. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate the literature relevant to applications of the AUDIT in screening, brief intervention, and treatment referral programs, and identify national adaptations of the AUDIT to country-specific health, education, and reimbursement needs.Methods: Methods comprised a search of the world literature published since 2004, combined with review articles published since 1997.Findings: We identified 431 studies of the AUDIT, including 386 articles, 26 review papers, and 11 book chapters since 2004, with a six-fold increase in the last decade. The factor structure of the AUDIT items remains unclear, but the weight of evidence supports a two-factor model. Despite the translation of the AUDIT into numerous languages, the alcohol consumption questions were rarely adapted to suit cultural or national conditions. Although numerous studies have supported the recommended cutoff thresholds for a possible alcohol use disorder, only three studies evaluated the classification accuracy of the AUDIT’s graded severity system.Conclusions: Further development of the AUDIT score’s severity zones is needed to guide intervention selection in clinical settings.
Chiropractic student attitudes toward team-based learning
Authors: Sherrier William , Brennan Teresa , Rabatsky Ali 
Published: July 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to measure chiropractic student attitudes toward team-based learning (TBL) to determine if they are similar to those of medical students and to help clarify existing evidence regarding student perceptions of TBL.
Method: Two consecutive cohorts of chiropractic students enrolled in a course that used weekly TBL activities completed an adaptation of the value of teams survey at the end of the term. Chi square analysis was used to assess for differences in scores between the beginning and end of the term.
Results: The students did value the TBL process (χ2 = 75.21, p &lt; .001). Students had a neutral opinion regarding TBL at the start of the term (χ2 = 30.41, p &lt; .001), but their opinion of TBL improved by the end of the term (χ2 = 51.66, p &lt; .001).
Conclusion: These results were similar to those found in medical education studies. Students tended to value TBL, but they were more receptive to it over time.
Comment on “Nature of the Seismic Lithosphere‐Asthenosphere Boundary within Normal Oceanic Mantle from High‐Resolution Receiver Functions” by Olugboji et al.
Authors: Kawakatsu Hitoshi , Abe Yuki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe significance of sediment reverberations on receiver functions of broadband OBS data is discussed. In particular, the data analyzed by Olugboji et al. recently in this journal show such effects which need to be carefully modeled. We also suggest that the LQ‐coordinate rotation for the receiver function analysis should be avoided for OBS data.
Social Capital and Fear of Crime in Adolescence: A Multilevel Study
Authors: Vieno Alessio , Lenzi Michela , Roccato Michele , Russo Silvia , Monaci Maria Grazia , Scacchi Luca 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the relationships between social capital (at the individual, the neighborhood, and the regional levels) and adolescents' fear of crime, while controlling for the main individual (sociodemographics, television viewing, and bullying victimization), neighborhood (neighborhood size and aggregated victimization), and regional (crime rate and level of urbanization) variables. Data were analyzed using a three‐level model based on 22,639 15.7‐year‐old (SD = 0.67) students nested within 1081 neighborhoods and 19 Italian regions. The findings revealed that individual and contextual measures of social capital, modeled at the individual, neighborhood, and regional levels simultaneously, showed negative associations with adolescents' fear of crime. Males and participants with higher family affluence were less likely to feel fear of crime, whereas victimization, both at the individual and neighborhood levels, had a positive association with fear of crime. Strengths, limitations, and potential applications of the study are discussed.
Metabolisches Glykoengineering mit N‐Acyl‐Seiten‐ ketten‐modifizierten Mannosaminen
Authors: Wratil Paul R. , Horstkorte Rüdiger , Reutter Werner 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBeim metabolischen Glykoengineering (MGE) werden Zellen und Tiere mit nichtnatürlichen Derivaten von Monosacchariden behandelt. Diese werden nach ihrer Aufnahme ins Zytosol metabolisiert und anschließend auf neusynthetisierten Glykokonjugaten exprimiert. MGE wurde zuerst für sialylierte Glykane realisiert, mit N‐Acyl‐modifizierten Mannosaminen als Vorstufen für nichtnatürliche Sialinsäuren. Voraussetzung ist die Promiskuität der Enzyme des Roseman‐Warren‐Biosyntheseweges. Diese tolerieren spezifische Modifikationen der N‐Acyl‐Seitenkette von Mannosaminderivaten, z. B. Elongation mit Methylen‐Gruppen (aliphatische Modifikationen) oder Einfügen reaktiver Gruppen (bioorthogonale Modifikationen). Nichtnatürliche Sialinsäuren werden in Glykokonjugate von Zellen und Organen integriert. MGE hat faszinierende biologische Konsequenzen für die behandelten Zellen (aliphatisches MGE) und ermöglicht die Visualisierung der Topographie und Dynamik der sialylierten Glykane in vitro, ex vivo und in vivo (bioorthogonales MGE).
Versatile C(sp2)−C(sp3) Ligand Couplings of Sulfoxides for the Enantioselective Synthesis of Diarylalkanes
Authors: Dean William M. , Šiaučiulis Mindaugas , Storr Thomas E. , Lewis William , Stockman Robert A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe reaction of chiral (hetero)aryl benzyl sulfoxides with Grignard reagents affords enantiomerically pure diarylalkanes in up to 98 % yield and greater than 99.5 % enantiomeric excess. This ligand coupling reaction is tolerant to multiple substitution patterns and provides access to diverse areas of chemical space in three operationally simple steps from commercially available reagents. This strategy provides orthogonal access to electron‐deficient heteroaromatic compounds, which are traditionally synthesized by transition metal catalyzed cross‐couplings, and circumvents common issues associated with proto‐demetalation and β‐hydride elimination.
Highly Chemoselective Iridium Photoredox and Nickel Catalysis for the Cross‐Coupling of Primary Aryl Amines with Aryl Halides
Authors: Oderinde Martins S. , Jones Natalie H. , Juneau Antoine , Frenette Mathieu , Aquila Brian , Tentarelli Sharon , Robbins Daniel W. , Johannes Jeffrey W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA visible‐light‐promoted iridium photoredox and nickel dual‐catalyzed cross‐coupling procedure for the formation C−N bonds has been developed. With this method, various aryl amines were chemoselectively cross‐coupled with electronically and sterically diverse aryl iodides and bromides to forge the corresponding C−N bonds, which are of high interest to the pharmaceutical industries. Aryl iodides were found to be a more efficient electrophilic coupling partner. The coupling reactions were carried out at room temperature without the rigorous exclusion of molecular oxygen, thus making this newly developed Ir‐photoredox/Ni dual‐catalyzed procedure very mild and operationally simple.
Ein metallregulierter vierstufiger Nanoschalter zur Steuerung einer zweistufigen sequenziellen Katalyse in einem Elf‐Komponenten‐System
Authors: Gaikwad Sudhakar , Goswami Abir , De Soumen , Schmittel Michael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEin nanomechanischer Schalter mit drei orthogonalen Bindungsmotiven – der Zink(II)‐porphyrin‐, der Azaterpyridin‐ und der abgeschirmten Phenanthrolin‐Bindungsstelle – kann durch Zugabe und Entfernen geeigneter Metallionen‐Inputs quantitativ und reversibel zwischen vier Schaltzuständen verändert werden. Zwei von diesen können katalytische Transformationen (AN1, AN2) initiieren, während die beiden anderen jegliche Reaktion beenden (AUS1, AUS2). In einem zyklischen vierstufigen Schaltvorgang kann daher die sequenzielle Transformation A+B+C→AB+C→ABC gesteuert werden, die sich schrittweise entlang der Schaltzustände AUS1→AN1 (Click‐Reaktion: A+B→AB)→AUS2→AN2 (Michael‐Addition: AB+C→ABC)→AUS1 entwickelt. Zwei aufeinander folgende Zyklen der sequenziellen Katalyse konnten ohne Aktivitätsverlust in einem Reaktionssystem mit elf verschiedenen Komponenten realisiert werden.
Selective Synthesis of Six Products from a Single Indolyl α‐Diazocarbonyl Precursor
Authors: James Michael J. , O'Brien Peter , Taylor Richard J. K. , Unsworth William P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIndolyl α‐diazocarbonyls can be selectively cyclized to give six distinct products through the careful choice of catalyst and reaction conditions. A range of catalysts were used, including complexes of RhII, PdII, and CuII, as well as SiO2, to promote diazo decomposition and subsequent cyclization/rearrangement through a range of mechanistic pathways.
Controllable preparation of a soluble trapezoidal polyacetylene with broadband absorption by a one‐step strategy
Authors: Zhang Fayin , Guang Shanyi , Wei Gang , Zhao Gang , Ke Fuyou , Feng Yihu , Xu Hongyao 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTA new trapezoidal functional polyacetylene with broadband absorption from the visible to the near infrared and excellent thermal stability was effectively prepared by molecular design and a controllable strategy. It is completely soluble in common organic solvents because the 6‐ethynyl‐2‐methylquinoline copolymerized with phenylacetylene. The absorption spectrum can be effectively adjusted by controlling the ratio of semi‐squaraine and squaraine in the process of preparation. Interestingly, it was found that the improvement of thermal stability of the target product may originate from the synergy of the shielding effect of the quinoline ring to the main chain and the strong interactions between squaraine groups. The formation mechanism of the broadband absorbance properties was studied through an online spectrum tracking method. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44096.
Multiple Information Feedback Control Scheme for an Improved Car‐Following Model
Authors: Zheng Ya‐zhou , Cheng Rong‐jun , Ge Hong‐Xia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBased upon the classical car‐following theory, an extended car‐following model considering variable safety distance (VSD) and time‐delay effect is constructed to improve driving efficiency and safety. Considering multiple preceding cars' speed differences and the difference between headway and safety distance, a new control signal is designed from the viewpoint of multiple information feedback control strategy. Stability criterion for the modified model is acquired by applying control theory. Several numerical simulations are used to show the effects of multiple preceding cars' speed changes and variable safety distance on car‐following phenomena, and the outcomes prove that the presented model can enhance traffic safety and suppress traffic jams.
Psychosocial Adaptation of Young Victims of Physical Neglect
Authors: Moreno‐Manso Juan Manuel , García‐Baamonde Mª Elena , Guerrero‐Barona Eloísa , Blázquez‐Alonso Macarena , Pozueco‐Romero José Manuel , Godoy‐Merino Mª José 
Published: July 2016

This research analyses the level of psychosocial adaptation of young victims of physical neglect who are under care orders for their protection and in residential care centres. The aim was to determine the relationships between the different levels of competence and/or functioning in the various areas of adaptation. Young people between the ages of 12 and 14 years participated in the study. The instruments used to evaluate their psychosocial adaptation were the Inventory of Behavioural Adaptation and the Multifactorial Self‐evaluation Child Adaptation Test. The results indicate that young people suffering from physical neglect have difficulties in various areas of psychosocial adaptation. There is evidence of greater problems in the personal, social and school context than in the family context. The study stresses the importance of programmes applied in residential care centres and individualised educational treatments for the psychosocial adjustment of these young people, while also taking into account the personal, social and family circumstances that surround them.‘Analyses the level of psychosocial adaptation of young victims of physical neglect who are under care orders’Key Practitioner Messages

This research analyses psychosocial adaptation of young victims of physical neglect under care orders or institutionalised in residential care centres.
The sample was made up of young people institutionalised in residential care centres.
Results point to difficulties in various areas of psychosocial adaptation.
There is evidence of greater problems in the personal, social and school context than in the family context.
The study stresses the importance of the programmes applied in the residential care centres.
Characterization of Enzymes Catalyzing Transformations of Cysteine S‐Conjugated Intermediates in the Lincosamide Biosynthetic Pathway
Authors: Ushimaru Richiro , Lin Chia‐I , Sasaki Eita , Liu Hung‐wen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLincosamides such as lincomycin A, celesticetin, and Bu‐2545, constitute an important group of antibiotics. These natural products are characterized by a thiooctose linked to a l‐proline residue, but they differ with regards to modifications of the thioacetal moiety, the pyrrolidine ring, and the octose core. Here we report that the pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate‐dependent enzyme CcbF (celesticetin biosynthetic pathway) is a decarboxylating deaminase that converts a cysteine S‐conjugated intermediate into an aldehyde. In contrast, the homologous enzyme LmbF (lincomycin biosynthetic pathway) catalyzes C−S bond cleavage of the same intermediate to afford a thioglycoside. We show that Ccb4 and LmbG (downstream methyltransferases) convert the aldehyde and thiol intermediates into a variety of methylated lincosamide compounds including Bu‐2545. The substrates used in these studies are the β‐anomers of the natural substrates. The findings not only provide insight into how the biosynthetic pathway of lincosamide antibiotics can bifurcate to generate different lincosamides, but also reveal the promiscuity of the enzymes involved.
Decreased expression of EZH2 reactivates RASSF2A by reversal of promoter methylation in breast cancer cells
Authors: Yu Pan , Guo Yawen , Yusufu Maimaiti , Liu Zeming , Wang Shan , Yin Xingjie , Peng Gongling , Wang Longqiang , Zhao Xiangwang , Guo Hui , Huang Tao , Liu Chunping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEZH2, the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressor complex 2, has oncogenic properties, whereas RASSF2A, a Ras association domain family protein, has a tumor suppressor role in many types of human cancer. However, the interrelationship between these two genes remains unclear. Here, we showed that the downregulation of EZH2 reduces CpG island methylation of the RASSF2A promoter, thereby leading to increased RASSF2A expression. Our findings also showed that knockdown of EZH2 increased RASSF2A expression in the human breast cancer cell line MCF‐7 in cooperation with DNMT1. This was similar to the effect of 5‐Aza‐CdR, a DNA methylation inhibitor that reactivates tumor suppressor genes and activated RASSF2A expression in our study. The EZH2 inhibitor DZNep markedly suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MCF‐7 cells treated with ADR and TAM. EZH2 inhibits the expression of tumor suppressor gene RASSF2A via promoter hypermethylation. Thus, it plays an important role in tumorigenesis and is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer.
Chemo‐ and Regioselective Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Allenynes with Alkynes
Authors: Yasuda Shigeo , Kawaguchi Yasuaki , Okamoto Yuta , Mukai Chisato 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA highly chemo‐ and regioselective partially intramolecular rhodium(I)‐catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of allenynes with alkynes is described. A range of diverse polysubstituted benzene derivatives could be synthesized in good to excellent yields, in which the allenynes served as synthetic equivalent to the diynes. A high regioselectivity could be observed when allenynes were treated with unsymmetrical alkynes.
Civil Society Organizations’ Experiences of Participative Environmental Mainstreaming: A Political Systems Perspective of a Regional European Polity
Authors: Chaney Paul 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper addresses a lacuna in the literature on environmental policy integration by exploring civil society organizations' (CSOs) experiences of participative environmental mainstreaming – a policy imperative to embed environmental concerns in all aspects of policy‐making. A raft of international treaties and laws require this to be operationalized through knowledge exchange and critical engagement between governing elites and exogenous groups. Findings reveal how CSOs’ participation is shaped by electoral politics, party dynamics, veto players and strategic bridging. Respondents also questioned whether mainstreaming is more concerned with legitimation, performativity and the appearance of participative policy‐making than with outcomes. The wider contribution of the study is three‐fold: it reveals the issues and challenges facing CSOs, it underlines the need for adaptive engagement strategies and it shows the contingent nature of state attempts to foster civil society participation in environmental policy‐making. © 2016 The Authors Environmental Policy and Governance published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Single Drop Electroanalysis and Interfacial Interactions: Sensitivity versus Limit of Detection†
Authors: Walgama Charuksha , Gallman Matthew , Krishnan Sadagopan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report single drop electroanalytical measurements of pharmaceutically and biologically relevant compounds using screen printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT‐COOH) as the sensor surface. Acetaminophen, nicotine, ascorbic acid, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide reduced form (NADH) were detected in a single drop of solution. We show that combined polar and nonpolar interactions of analytes with ‐COOH functional groups and large surface area of MWCNT, respectively, allow highly sensitive analyte detection with wide dynamic range. Smaller analytes can bind to a significantly greater number of sensor sites than the bulkier analytes and offer better detection sensitivity. Results suggest that sensitivity is controlled by predominant nonpolar interactions that an analyte can undergo with the MWCNT‐COOH SPE sensor surface, whereas limit of detection is controlled by the extent of polar interactions between an analyte and the sensor surface, facilitating interfacial charge transport and an electrochemical signal output. Furthermore, a combination of polar and nonpolar analyte interactions with the sensor surface shows a synergistic effect on sensitivity and detection limit. This could be a likely reason for why sensitivity does not need to always correlate with lower detection limits as variations in the interfacial interactions are critical. Application of the designed single drop method to real samples was validated by estimating the amounts of acetaminophen, nicotine, ascorbic acid, and NADH in commercially available pharmaceuticals with excellent recovery.
What are the challenges in 2016 regarding resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia and cancer?
Authors: Lewis Matthieu , Copland Mhairi , Soverini Simona , Sadovnik Irina , Bedel Aurélie , Prost Stéphane , Italiano Antoine , Mahon François‐Xavier 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the past decade, the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has undergone a drastic evolution. The discovery and success of imatinib and second‐generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors have substantially increased the outcome for CML patients. The next step in medical and scientific research is to better understand the malignancy so as to eventually find a cure to eliminate all leukemic cells from patients. One of the key issues is about the resistance of the leukemic stem cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Here, we briefly describe our current studies on CML resistance, and leukemic stem cell modeling and characterization.
Extension of summer climatic conditions into spring in the Western Mediterranean area
Authors: Jansa A. , Homar V. , Romero R. , Alonso S. , Guijarro J. A. , Ramis C. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTFrom a local point of view, in May/June, there is an important and positive 2 m temperature trend at Palma (Mallorca), which is simultaneous and highly correlated with a strong increase in the 500 hPa geopotential height. This study analyses this fact as well as the observed tendencies in a wider seasonal and geographical context.We confirm the particularly high correlation between 2 m temperature and 500 hPa geopotential during the warm months as opposed to the much weaker correlation in winter. This suggests that mechanisms for thermal changes act differently throughout the year in this region. Besides the direct radiative effect, warm season near‐surface temperatures are linked to the presence of deep anticyclones, which effectively determine the northern edge of the Hadley cell. Accordingly, the strong warming trend in the area of Palma during the warm months of the year is purportedly related to the poleward extension of the Hadley cell.The fact that May/June shows the highest low‐level temperature trend among all bi‐monthly series is a common regional feature over a relatively wide area over the Western Mediterranean. Different geographical patterns emerge in other periods of the year. In July/August, the strongest low‐level warming area drifts to the east‐northeast, towards Ukraine and Russia. Coincidentally, the 500 hPa geopotential tendencies show a coherent pattern, with an intense positive trend ridge over the Western Mediterranean area in May/June, and a displacement of this ridge to the north‐east in July/August.We show the connection between 500 hPa geopotential height and near‐surface temperature by means of a multiple lineal regression that attributes half of the local temperature tendency in Palma to the intensification of a 500 hPa ridge centred over the Western Mediterranean and surroundings.