bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Type 1 Diabetes–Associated Single Nucleotide Polymorphism rs1990760 in IFIH1 Is Associated with Increased Basal Type I IFNs and IFN-stimulated Gene Expression
Authors: Taylor Jared P , Blum Samuel I , Graffeo Hollis C , Shang Qiao , Qiu Shihong , Green Todd J , Botta Davide , Lund Frances E , Tse Hubert M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease that is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors. In this study, we sought to determine whether a known genetic risk factor, the rs1990760 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (A946T) in IFIH1, resulted in a gain of function in the MDA5 protein and the effects of this mutation on the regulation of type I IFNs during infection with the diabetogenic virus coxsackievirus B3. We found that in cell lines overexpressing the risk variant IFIH1946T there was an elevated level of basal type I IFN signaling and increased basal IFN-stimulated gene expression. An investigation into the mechanism demonstrated that recombinant MDA5 with the A946T mutation had increased ATPase activity in vitro. We also assessed the effect of this SNP in primary human PBMCs from healthy donors to determine whether this SNP influenced their response to infection with coxsackievirus B3. However, we observed no significant changes in type I IFN expression or downstream induction of IFN-stimulated genes in PBMCs from donors carrying the risk allele IFIH1946T. These findings demonstrate the need for a deeper understanding of how mutations in T1D-associated genes contribute to disease onset in specific cellular contexts.
Examining Historical Data to Inform Future Preparedness: Systematic Review of the Effects of Prone Positioning on Oxygen Levels in Nonintubated COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Kulkarni Rohan , Padwal Siddharth , More Prashant , Patil Salil 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Over time, there has been a significant increase in the utilization of prone positioning (PP) as a strategy to improve oxygen levels in patients requiring mechanical ventilation for the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome. PP has emerged as a potential intervention for enhancing oxygenation in nonintubated patients with COVID-19. The current systematic review aims to assess existing evidence regarding the impact of PP on oxygen parameters in this patient population. Understanding the effectiveness and possible advantages of PP in optimizing oxygenation could contribute to enhanced management strategies for COVID-19 cases, particularly those that do not require invasive mechanical ventilation. Comprehensive search was conducted using electronic databases to identify the relevant studies, covering the period of 2019–2023. A two-part tool was employed to address five specific domains alongside other potential biases. Quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies was undertaken using a risk of bias. In a present systematic review, 15 studies were included. The findings suggest that PP had a notable influence on oxygen parameters. The PP was a beneficial intervention for nonintubated patients of COVID-19 in terms of improving oxygen parameters. The evidence suggests that PP can contribute to enhanced oxygenation in patients. Further research is necessary for a better understanding of optimal techniques, patient selection criteria, and long-term outcomes linked with PP.
Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and S100B Profiles in Severity and Outcome Assessment of Moderate and Severe Head Injury Patients in India
Authors: Singh Arpana , Ramesh A. S. , Adole Prashant Shankarrao , Verma Pooja 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant global health issue, with India witnessing approximately 150,000 deaths and 50,000 TBI-related fatalities annually. Severity is classified as mild, moderate, or severe using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Imaging and blood biomarkers such as serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and S100B aid in diagnosis and outcome prediction, yet imaging facilities are scarce in India. This highlights the necessity for dependable biomarkers. GFAP indicates astroglial injury, while S100B suggests neuronal injury, both in TBI patients’ blood. However, their associations and utility in the Indian population require further exploration. Our study addresses this gap by examining serum GFAP and S100B levels in moderate and severe TBI patients, correlating them with radiological findings and clinical outcomes.

Methodology:
This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital on 212 patients (106 each for moderate and severely injured groups). Initial disease severity was assessed by GCS score. Outcome assessments were required of surgical intervention and mortality within 5 days.

Results:
S100B superseded GFAP in assessing disease severity. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that S100B was successful with 66% sensitivity and specificity for a cutoff value of 78.77 pg/ml. For early mortality prediction, sensitivity (S100B = 81%–87%, GFAP = 64.1%–78.6%), specificity (S100B = 60.2%–99.2%, GFAP = 54.5%–74.6%), and area under the curve-wise (S100B = 0.721–0.909, GFAP = 0.614–0.763) S100B model performed better than the GFAP model for all corresponding cutoffs (ranged S100B = 86.53–118.56 pg/ml, GFAP = 30.87–34.5 ng/ml).

Conclusion:
Taken together, our study provides strong evidence that S100B is a better marker of severity and outcome assessment than GFAP.
WhatsApp: A Blessing or Bane for Communication between Emergency Physicians and Vascular Surgeons?
Authors: Hazra Darpanarayan , Stephen Edwin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The integration of WhatsApp (WhatsApp Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA) into the health-care sector is transforming the dynamics of medical communication. Launched in 2009 and incorporated into the Facebook suite of companies in 2014, WhatsApp has become a pivotal platform for health-care professionals. It allows for quick, personal, and group messaging, which is increasingly used to exchange patient information, discuss cases, and make timely decisions. The app’s end-to-end encryption is critical for maintaining patient confidentiality, ensuring that sensitive data are only accessible to the intended recipients. This security feature and the group sharing format enable health-care teams to communicate confidentially and efficiently, bolstering the oversight capabilities of attending senior consultants or physicians over their junior peers. The real-time exchange of information is crucial in providing continuous supervision and facilitating immediate feedback, which is indispensable in clinical training and patient care. However, the widespread adoption of WhatsApp also comes with challenges and potential drawbacks, which have been the focus of past research. These studies assessed the impact of WhatsApp on health-care delivery, considering both the enhancement of communication it offers and the issues it may present, such as data security beyond encryption and the blurring of professional and personal boundaries. In this “medical opinion” from an academic tertiary care center in Muscat, we explored how emergency medicine physicians can effectively use WhatsApp to expedite or bypass referral processes for emergency cases, particularly those involving vascular and other surgical emergencies.
Imaging Descriptors of Human Papilloma Virus-mediated and Human Papilloma Virus-negative Oropharyngeal Cancers in Indian Subcontinental Patients
Authors: Mathew Benjamin Barsouma , Madhavi K. , Kumar C. H. Jagadeesh , Thomas Rohan Samuel , Pavamani Simon , Michael Rajiv , Irodi Aparna 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Nearly 24,000 new cases of oropharyngeal cancers (OPCs) are reported per year in India, constituting 3.9% of cancers in all sites. By 2009, Human papilloma virus (HPV), in particular HPV-16, was established as an etiological factor and even a causative agent in OPCs being associated with up to 70% OPCs. Prior imaging-based studies have described certain differentiating factors between HPV-mediated and HPV-negative OPC, highlighting computed tomography and magnetic resonance characteristics that could help differentiate the two groups. Our study aimed to evaluate any imaging differences between HPV-mediated and non-HPV-mediated oropharyngeal malignancies in the Indian subcontinent population.

Methods:
Seventy-nine patients from the Indian subcontinent who were referred to a tertiary center in southern India between the period of January 2019 to September 2020 (19 months) were included in the study. Imaging descriptors were documented by blinded radiologists, and univariate and multivariate analysis of various imaging descriptors and imaging differences between HPV-mediated and non-HPV cases were attempted to be identified.

Results:
We found no statistically significant imaging differences between HPV-mediated and non-HPV-mediated oropharyngeal malignancies. The only epidemiologically significant difference in the two groups was that in women and nonsmokers, HPV-mediated malignancies were more common.

Conclusion:
HPV-mediated and HPV-negative malignancies have similar primary tumor as well as nodal imaging characteristics. Previously cited differences in the two groups, in Western literature, could not be demonstrated in our population. It implores further research into whether downstaging of treatment and better prognosis of HPV-mediated malignancies is actually applicable in the Indian subcontinent setting.
Clinical Profile and Mycological Profile of Dermatophytosis: A Cross-sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern India
Authors: Eddula Venkataravikanth , Matety Ashok Rao , Deepthi C. Sravana , Chaudhuri Sirshendu , Pappula Vidyasagar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
This cross-sectional observational study aimed to analyze the clinical and mycological characteristics of dermatophytosis in patients visiting the outpatient clinic of the department of dermatology at a tertiary care hospital in Telangana.

Methodology:
The study was conducted from November 2017 to July 2019, involving patients clinically diagnosed with dermatophytosis. Data collection included detailed demographic and clinical information and laboratory investigations such as direct microscopy, fungal culture, and hematological examinations. Specimens were collected from skin lesions, nails, and hair, processed using appropriate methods, and subjected to culture and microscopic examination. Descriptive statistics was performed to present the findings.

Results:
A total of 100 participants were recruited, with a median age of 24 years. The majority were male (n = 75, 75%) and students (n = 47, 47%). Most participants (n = 71, 71%) presented with extensive tinea followed by tinea corporis and tinea capitis. Trichophyton mentagrophytes was the most isolated variant (n = 42, 97.7%) among positive cultures.

Conclusion:
Young male populations are the most common victims in this region. The significant number of tinea cases and the high prevalence of T. mentagrophytes underscore the necessity for precise diagnosis and effective management strategies in treating dermatophytosis.
Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder: A Case Series
Authors: Chikkala Swetha Madhuri , Russell Paul Swamidhas Sudhakar , Basker Mona , Joseph Rachna George , Bavishna Santhanababu , Sebastian Sneha Maria , Reshmi Y. S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), a recently described eating disorder categorized under DSM-5, has varied clinical presentations. The primary eating disorders have well-established practice parameters for management. However, there is no evidence-based first line of management for ARFID. There is a significant gap in this evolving construct and clinical practice. We present a case series from a tertiary care center in India, focusing on clinical management. Four adolescents with 3 girls and 1 boy between 12 and 17 years of age were included in the study. Diagnosis and management were delayed in all. Mean body mass index was 15.36 (5.26) kg/m2 at the time of diagnosis. Key drivers were dread of choking, sensory characteristics, and avoidance of unpleasant upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms. This series supports a culturally cognizant hypothesis, an evidence based, viable management model for ARFID in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). A combination of family-based treatment (FBT) and cognitive behavior therapy is an effective treatment model for India and other LMICs.
A Modification of Fenestration Technique (MOFT) to Increase Vestibular Depth: A Case Series
Authors: Katariya Anukrati , Kukreja Bhavna J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The most prevalent mucogingival issues include insufficient gingival width, decreased vestibular depth, abnormal frenal attachment, gingival recession, pockets that reach the mucogingival junction, excess gingival, inconsistent gingival margin, excessive gingival display and abnormal gingival colour. Numerous periodontal plastic operations have been used to treat these issues. However, each approach has its own drawbacks and is technique-dependent. Adequate depth of vestibule is necessary to maintain good oral health as shallow vestibule leads to accumulation of food and thus impedes oral hygiene maintenance. This case series describes a vestibular deepening procedure performed using modification of periosteal fenestration technique. This technique includes a series of eight cases of shallow vestibule where vestibular deepening was conducted by giving a full-thickness incision to expose the periosteum and create a window of fenestration followed by suturing the labial mucosa to the periosteum at the apical level. The results reported an excellent post-operative outcome showing increased depth of the vestibule.
Acute gastroenteritis caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa serotype in gastric cancer patient in Eastern India: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Bajpai Vijeta , Nath Gopal , Mishra Anwita , Kumar Amit 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Acute gastroenteritis is the most common clinical manifestation of Vibrio cholerae infection. Cases of non-O1 V. cholerae infections in cancer patients have been previously reported in the literature. To our best knowledge, this is a unique case of V. cholerae classical biotype, serovar Ogawa infection in a young female patient with gastric malignancy.
Extensive metastatic ependymoma with long-term progression-free survival with capecitabine plus temozolomide combination chemotherapy: A case report
Authors: Hendem Engin , Korkmaz Mustafa , Araz Murat , Eryılmaz Melek K. , Çağlayan Dilek , Ayçiçek Seda T. , Kaya Buğra , Artaç Mehmet 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We wanted to present a rare case of metastatic grade 2 spinal ependymoma with an atypical course at the time of diagnosis. Temozolomide plus capecitabine chemotherapy was started in May 2018 on a 30-year-old female patient with sacral ependymoma who had extensive lung metastases at the time of diagnosis. The patient remained in remission for approximately 29 months, and the current chemotherapy was continued until it progressed in November 2020. According to this case report, a combination of temozolomide and capecitabine may be the best treatment option for ependymoma patients.
Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the breast: A case report and literature review
Authors: Kasapoğlu Elçin , Kandil Berfin , Gökyer Ali , Uzunoğlu Sernaz 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Primary signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the breast is a rare and aggressive type of breast cancer characterized by increased intracellular mucin production. It has a high risk of metastasis and poor prognosis compared to other breast cancer types. We report a 56-year-old woman with primary SRCC of the breast who first presented with retraction on her left breast. Radiological examination revealed a mass that causes the retraction. The patient underwent left modified radical mastectomy, and pathology results showed a 70% signet ring cell pattern. Chemotherapy consists of an adriamycin-cyclophosphamide regimen administered. in this case, we aim to review the literature on this topic and inform the physicians.
Effect of bilateral superficial parotid gland sparing IMRT on xerostomia and QOL: A prospective study
Authors: Madhwapathy Kanchan S. , Manur Janaki 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Superficial lobe constitutes 80% of the parotid and is situated lateral to mandible and can be better spared during intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC). This study aimed to see the impact of bilateral superficial parotid gland (PG) sparing IMRT on xerostomia and quality of life (QOL) in patients with HNC receiving radiation.

Study Design:
Prospective, questionnaire-based study.

Materials and Methods:
Thirty-four patients with histopathologically proven non-nasopharyngeal non-oral cavity HNC were included in this study. IMRT technique was used and a constraint of 24 Gy was given to combined superficial PG. Physician- and patient-rated xerostomia and QOL scores were recorded at baseline and two weeks, three months, and six months post-radiation therapy (RT). The combined superficial PG dose correlated with xerostomia and QOL scores.

Results:
The combined superficial PG and combined whole PG mean dose was 18.71 Gy and 30 Gy, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P-< 0.001). At two weeks, three months, and six months post-RT, the odds of xerostomia scores were 0.11, 0.071, 0.042, respectively for a median dose of <18 Gy compared to >18 Gy and was statistically significant P=(0.001).

Conclusion:
Bilateral superficial PG sparing IMRT is beneficial in reducing xerostomia and translates to a better QOL.
Primary vaginal squamous cell carcinoma—the coeffect of vaginal leiomyoma and Human papillomavirus (HPV); A case report
Authors: Mavili Hanife S. , Kandiloğlu Ali R. , Atmış Ömer , Uyar Yıldız 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Primary vaginal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is extremely rare. Primer vaginal SSC developed by the coeffect of leiomyoma and Human papillomavirus (HPV) is presented. We report a case of primary vaginal SCC in a 62-year-old woman presenting dyspareunia. On macroscopic examination, the surface of the operation material was partly ulcerated. On the cut surface, the material was solid, firm, white, and whorled. Microscopic examination revealed leiomyoma ulcerating the mucosa and SCC at the base of the ulcer. The case, in which vaginal SCC developed in the vagina due to the irritation of the leiomyoma, as well as its relationship with HPV, is important to be the first to our knowledge.
Pleomorphic adenoma: Indeed, a versatile tumor
Authors: Sharma Rashim , Khera Sudeep , Yadav Taruna , Badkur Mayank 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common and well-studied salivary gland neoplasm. It is a benign tumor most commonly occurring in the parotid gland although it can be seen in other major and minor salivary glands. There is a variety of metaplasia seen in Pleomorphic adenoma most commonly squamous metaplasia, others noted are osseous metaplasia, oncocytic metaplasia, sebaceous metaplasia, and adipocytic metaplasia. Also, at times tyrosine crystalloids are seen. This study discusses a few of the metaplasia and the presence of tyrosine crystals in pleomorphic adenoma. Indeed, this tumor proves true to its name.
Drug-induced acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet syndrome): A case report presented at Delhi State Cancer Institute
Authors: Shah Afsana , Meedimale Santhosh , Kumar Dinesh , Sharma Pooja , Shukla Pragya 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Sweet syndrome is a rare, etiologically unknown dermatosis that can be idiopathic or associated with certain clinical conditions. Among these conditions are infections, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, vaccinations, the use of medications, and neoplasias. Hematological neoplasias, particularly acute myeloid leukemia, are the most commonly described; however, the condition may also be related to solid tumors, being those of the genitourinary tract the most associated with the syndrome. Drug-induced Sweet syndrome has also been reported; however, it is rarely seen. We report a case of 59 years old male patient with a diagnosis of carcinoma urinary bladder, who developed skin eruption after infusion of the first cycle of chemotherapy (gemcitabine and cisplatin) and resolved after treatment with steroids. The diagnosis of Sweet syndrome was confirmed only after skin biopsy, cultures and laboratory investigations. Malignancy as the cause of skin eruptions was eliminated by the fact that it occurred only after infusion of chemotherapy and the tumor was still there in the bladder, and skin eruptions did not occur after stopping steroids.
Oxaliplatin-induced transient ischemic attack (TIA): A rare presentation
Authors: Jagtap Vikas K. , Synmon Baiakmenlang , Chyrmang Deiwakor , Kumar Sumit 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Oxaliplatin is a common drug used in the management of colorectal malignancies. Rare neurological side effects including amaurosis fugax, urinary retention, stroke, cranial nerve palsy, dysarthria, and dysphagia have been reported in the literature. Usually, such incidences are reported immediately after 1st dose of oxaliplatin infusion. We report a rare transient ischemic attack (TIA))-like side effects after 2nd dose of oxaliplatin infusion.
Legendary Āyurveda Practitioners of Gujarat in Nineteenth–Twentieth Centuries
Authors: Dadu Vaibhav , Rathod Monika , Dave Kaushal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
History paves the way for a bright future. Ayurveda has survived through the ages due to the traditions followed by the physicians and their families. With the arrival of foreign rulers in India along with the Western medicine, Ayurvedic practices kept declining, and the acceptance of the common people decreased with the passage of time. In this gloomy scenario, the ray of hope was brought by the legendary Ayurveda practitioners in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

Materials and Methods:
The material includes the printed and online information of the practitioners available through authentic books and websites. All the relevant information is collected, compiled, scrutinized, and analyzed.

Discussion:
The information collected is discussed in the light of Ayurvedic practitioners in Gujarat and highlights the rich Ayurveda tradition in the form of legendary physicians such as Prabhuram Jivanram, Zandu Bhatt, Yadavji Trikamji Acharya, and Hariprapannaji.

Conclusion:
Gujarat has been a cradle of Ayurvedic traditions, and this tradition received full support from the respective kings, which was crucial for the sustenance of Ayurveda traditions.