bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of di‐hexadecanol maleic/triallyl isocyanurate cross‐linked copolymer as solid–solid phase change materials
Authors: Huang Xuelin , Guo Jing , An Qingda , Gong Xueyong , Gong Yumei , Zhang Sen 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTDi‐hexadecanol maleic/Triallyl isocyanurate cross‐linked copolymers as a novel solid–solid phase change materials were successfully synthesized through bulk polymerization. TAIC is the skeleton and DM is a functional side chain that stores and releases heat during its phase transition process. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, polarizing optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetry were employed to study the composition, chemical structure, crystalline properties, phase transition behaviors, and the thermal stability of the cross‐linked copolymers, respectively. The test results indicate that DM/TAIC cross‐linked copolymers have good thermal reliability and heat storage durability after 500 thermal cycles. The phase change temperatures of DM/TAIC cross‐linked copolymers were approximately 28.24–37.02°C, and it has high latent heat storage capacity of more than 83 J/g. At the same time, DM/TAIC cross‐linked copolymers have good thermal stability, and they can be processed or used in high temperature environments. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 44065.
An Autotaxin/Lysophosphatidic Acid/Interleukin‐6 Amplification Loop Drives Scleroderma Fibrosis
Authors: Castelino Flavia V. , Bain Gretchen , Pace Veronica A. , Black Katharine E. , George Leaya , Probst Clemens K. , Goulet Lance , Lafyatis Robert , Tager Andrew M. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveWe previously implicated the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) as having a role in dermal fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). The aim of this study was to identify the role of the LPA‐producing enzyme autotaxin (ATX), and to connect the ATX/LPA and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) pathways in SSc.MethodsWe evaluated the effect of a novel ATX inhibitor, PAT‐048, on fibrosis and IL‐6 expression in the mouse model of bleomycin‐induced dermal fibrosis. We used dermal fibroblasts from SSc patients and control subjects to evaluate LPA‐induced expression of IL‐6, and IL‐6–induced expression of ATX. We next evaluated whether LPA‐induced ATX expression is dependent on IL‐6, and whether baseline IL‐6 expression in fibroblasts from SSc patients is dependent on ATX. Finally, we compared ATX and IL‐6 expression in the skin of patients with SSc and healthy control subjects.ResultsPAT‐048 markedly attenuated bleomycin‐induced dermal fibrosis when treatment was initiated before or after the development of fibrosis. LPA stimulated expression of IL‐6 in human dermal fibroblasts, and IL‐6 stimulated fibroblast expression of ATX, connecting the ATX/LPA and IL‐6 pathways in an amplification loop. IL‐6 knockdown abrogated LPA‐induced ATX expression in fibroblasts, and ATX inhibition attenuated IL‐6 expression in fibroblasts and the skin of bleomycin‐challenged mice. Expression of both ATX and IL‐6 was increased in SSc skin, and LPA‐induced IL‐6 levels and IL‐6–induced ATX levels were increased in fibroblasts from SSc patients compared with controls.ConclusionATX is required for the development and maintenance of dermal fibrosis in a mouse model of bleomycin‐induced SSc and enables 2 major mediators of SSc fibrogenesis, LPA and IL‐6, to amplify the production of each other. Our results suggest that concurrent inhibition of these 2 pathways may be an effective therapeutic strategy for dermal fibrosis in SSc.
Komplexe Schutzsysteme gegen Naturgefahren: Systemdesign und Lebenszyklusmodell
Authors: Rudolf‐Miklau Florian , Rimböck Andreas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDas integrale Risikomanagement findet seine ingenieurwissenschaftliche Entsprechung im Konzept der Schutzsysteme gegen Naturgefahren. Der Beitrag stellt diese komplexen Systeme als hierarchisches Modell im naturräumlich/gesellschaftlichen Umfeld dar und analysiert deren Design als Kombination struktureller und nicht struktureller Schutzmaßnahmen mit unterschiedlicher Wirkung und Lebensdauer. Anhand eines Lebensphasenmodells werden Schutzsysteme des Hochwasser‐ und Lawinenschutzes exemplarisch konkretisiert (Systemlebenszyklus) und damit das Zusammenwirken unterschiedlicher Maßnahmenkomplexe visualisiert. Das angewandte Phasenmodell bildet auch den Rahmen für die Darstellung der Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der klassischen Instrumente des Systems Engineering (Zieldefinition, Variantenplanung, Anforderungsanalyse, System Design, Projektmanagement, Lebenszykluskosten, Erhaltungs‐ und Anpassungsmanagement, Qualitäts‐ und Risikomanagement) auf die Naturgefahrenprävention. Der in diesem Beitrag entwickelte Ansatz erscheint auf den ersten Blick für die Ingenieurpraxis abstrakt, ist aber in Teilbereichen, wie die ausgeführten Beispiele nachvollziehbar zeigen, längst realisiert; es fehlt jedoch bisher eine gesamtheitliche Umsetzung des Schutzsystemkonzepts im Naturgefahreningenieurwesen.
Endo‐β‐Glucosidase Tag Allows Dual Detection of Fusion Proteins by Fluorescent Mechanism‐Based Probes and Activity Measurement
Authors: Kallemeijn Wouter W. , Scheij Saskia , Voorn‐Brouwer Tineke M. , Witte Martin D. , Verhoek Marri , Overkleeft Hermen S. , Boot Rolf G. , Aerts Johannes M. F. G. 
Published: July 2016

Abstractβ‐Glucoside‐configured cyclophellitols are activity‐based probes (ABPs) that allow sensitive detection of β‐glucosidases. Their applicability to detect proteins fused with β‐glucosidase was investigated in the cellular context. The tag was Rhodococcus sp. M‐777 endoglycoceramidase II (EGCaseII), based on its lack of glycans and ability to hydrolyze fluorogenic 4‐methylumbelliferyl β‐d‐lactoside (an activity absent in mammalian cells). Specific dual detection of fusion proteins was possible in vitro and in situ by using fluorescent ABPs and a fluorogenic substrate. Pre‐blocking with conduritol β‐epoxide (a poor inhibitor of EGCaseII) eliminated ABP labeling of endogenous β‐glucosidases. ABPs equipped with biotin allowed convenient purification of the fusion proteins. Diversification of ABPs (distinct fluorophores, fluorogenic high‐resolution detection moieties) should assist further research in living cells and organisms.
Successful treatment of aplastic anemia–paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria associated with eosinophilic fasciitis with matched unrelated donor allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation
Authors: Sasaki Koji , Popat Uday , Jain Preetesh , Kadia Tapan , Patel Krina , Patel Keyur , Jain Nitin , Takahashi Koichi , Young Ken , Miranda Roberto N. , Oo Thein H. , Lu Huifang , Pemmaraju Naveen 
Published: July 2016

Key Clinical MessageWe report the first patient case of successful treatment intervention for both eosinophilic fasciitis and aplastic anemia with allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation from a matched unrelated donor after multiple immunosuppressant failure.
Electrospun Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers Encapsulating Cobalt Nanoparticles as Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts
Authors: Shang Chaoqun , Li Minchan , Wang Zhenyu , Wu Shaofei , Lu Zhouguang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe development of low‐cost, high‐performance, nonprecious‐metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is highly desirable to reduce the cost of fuel systems. Self‐supported nitrogen‐doped carbons containing cobalt have been developed by electrospinning followed by pyrolysis treatment. Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with abundant carbon and nitrogen sources serves as a polymer in the fabrication of one‐dimensional nanofibers by electrospinning. After being calcined at various temperatures, the obtained nitrogen‐doped carbon nanofiber encapsulating cobalt nanoparticles at 800 °C (Co‐PAN‐800) exhibits the highest ORR activity with onset and half‐wave potentials of −0.02 and −0.092 V (vs. Hg/HgO) in 0.1 m KOH, respectively. Additionally, the optimal Co‐PAN‐800 material shows remarkable stability and strong tolerance against methanol crossover. The promising ORR performance of Co‐PAN‐800 is attributed to the high surface area (407.43 m2 g−1), which ensures sufficient exposure of electrocatalytically active sites. XPS analysis further demonstrates that pyrrolic nitrogen and a highly graphitized carbon structure may be responsible for the enhanced ORR activity of Co‐PAN‐800; cobalt may be involved in the creation of pyrrolic nitrogen during pyrolysis treatment.
Structure–Activity Relationships for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Porous Hollow PtNi/C Nanoparticles
Authors: Asset Tristan , Chattot Raphaël , Nelayah Jaysen , Job Nathalie , Dubau Laetitia , Maillard Frédéric 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEnhancing the specific activity and the mass activity of catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells is currently achieved by alloying Pt with an early or late transition metal. By using hollow PtNi/C nanoparticles with different physicochemical properties (Ni content, lattice parameter, specific surface area), we show that structural defects such as grain boundaries also contribute to the enhancement of the ORR kinetics. Their concentration was quantified by means of the structure sensitivity of the electrooxidation of a COads monolayer, that is, the presence of an oxidation prepeak in the COads stripping voltammogram. A straightforward relationship is established between the ratio of the charge under the prepeak Qpp,CO to the total COads electrooxidation charge and the specific activity for the ORR. The present study provides a knowledge base for designing more efficient ORR electrocatalysts.
Two Different Pathways in the Reduction of [(S=)PCl(μ‐NtBu)]2 with Na
Authors: Bawari Deependra , Prashanth Billa , Ravi Satyam , Shamasundar K. R. , Singh Sanjay , Wright Dominic S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractReduction of the cyclodiphosphazane [(S=)ClP(μ‐NtBu)]2 (1) with sodium metal in refluxing toluene proceeds via two different pathways. One is a Wurtz‐type pathway involving elimination of NaCl from 1 followed by head‐to‐tail cyclization to give the hexameric macrocycle [(μ‐S)P(μ‐NtBu)2P(=S)]6 (2). The other pathway involves reduction of the P=S bonds of 1 to generate colorless singlet biradicaloid dianion trans‐[S−P(Cl)(μ‐NtBu)]22−, which is observed in the polymeric structures of three‐dimensional [{(S−)ClP(μ‐NtBu)2PCl(S)}Na(Na⋅THF2)]n (3) and two dimensional [{(S−)ClP(μ‐NtBu)2PCl(S)} (Na⋅THF)2]n (4).
“Reduced” Coumarin Dyes with an O‐Phosphorylated 2,2‐Dimethyl‐4‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline Fragment: Synthesis, Spectra, and STED Microscopy
Authors: Nizamov Shamil , Sednev Maksim V. , Bossi Mariano L. , Hebisch Elke , Frauendorf Holm , Lehnart Stephan E. , Belov Vladimir N. , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLarge Stokes‐shift coumarin dyes with an O‐phosphorylated 4‐(hydroxymethyl)‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline fragment emitting in the blue, green, and red regions of the visible spectrum were synthesized. For this purpose, N‐substituted and O‐protected 1,2‐dihydro‐7‐hydroxy‐2,2,4‐trimethylquinoline was oxidized with SeO2 to the corresponding α,β‐unsaturated aldehyde and then reduced with NaBH4 in a “one‐pot” fashion to yield N‐substituted and 7‐O‐protected 4‐(hydroxymethyl)‐7‐hydroxy‐2,2‐dimethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoline as a common precursor to all the coumarin dyes reported here. The photophysical properties of the new dyes (“reduced coumarins”) and 1,2‐dihydroquinoline analogues (formal precursors) with a trisubstituted C=C bond were compared. The “reduced coumarins” were found to be more photoresistant and brighter than their 1,2‐dihydroquinoline counterparts. Free carboxylate analogues, as well as their antibody conjugates (obtained from N‐hydroxysuccinimidyl esters) were also prepared. All studied conjugates with secondary antibodies afforded high specificity and were suitable for fluorescence microscopy. The red‐emitting coumarin dye bearing a betaine fragment at the C‐3‐position showed excellent performance in stimulation emission depletion (STED) microscopy.
Small‐Molecule Carbohydrate‐Based Immunostimulants
Authors: Marzabadi Cecilia H. , Franck Richard W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this review, we discuss small‐molecule, carbohydrate‐based immunostimulants that target Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4) and cluster of differentiation 1D (CD1d) receptors. The design and use of these molecules in immunotherapy as well as results from their use in clinical trials are described. How these molecules work and their utilization as vaccine adjuvants are also discussed. Future applications and extensions for the use of these analogues as therapeutic agents will be outlined.
The Effect of Solvation on the Radiation Damage Rate Constants for Adenine
Authors: Milhøj Birgitte O. , Sauer Stephan P. A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt is well known that water plays an important part in almost all biological systems and that inclusion of solvation effects might therefore be of utmost importance in studies of radiation damage to DNA. In the present investigation, we have studied the effect of different solvation models in calculations of Gibbs free energies and reaction rates for the reaction between the OH radical and the DNA nucleobase adenine by conducting density functional theory calculations at the ωB97X‐D/6‐311++G(2df,2pd) level with the Eckart tunnelling correction. The solvent, water, was included through either the implicit polarizable continuum model (PCM) or through explicit modelling of micro‐solvation by a single water molecule at the site of reaction as well as by the combination of both. Scrutiny of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the individual sub‐reactions suggests that the qualitative differences introduced by the solvation models do not significantly alter the conclusions made based solely on simple gas‐phase calculations. Abstraction of the amine hydrogen atoms H61 and H62 and addition onto C8 remain the most likely reaction pathways.
A study of users' acceptance and satisfaction of emergency call service
Authors: Chariete Abderrahim , Bakhouya Mohamed , Nait‐Sidi‐Moh Ahmed , Ait‐Cheik‐Bihi Wafaa , Gaber Jaafar , Kouta Raed , Wack Maxime , Lorenz Pascal 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn recent years, there has been rapid and significant development of road transport technologies in order to reduce the number of killed and injured people on roads. These include safety technologies, emergency call systems (eCall), and advanced traveler information systems. The eCall system is an automatic in‐vehicle emergency call service, which is mainly used for notifying emergency services about dangerous road situations and their exact location. In this paper, an eCall platform prototype is developed to allow quick and efficient rescue of injured people in dangerous road situations. The eCall function is developed and installed in nomadic devices (e.g., smartphones and tablets). Large‐scale field operational tests were conducted in real settings to assess the impacts of the eCall function provided by in‐vehicle nomadic devices. More precisely, experiments were conducted by more than 250 participants with different sociodemographic profiles in order to study the users' acceptance of the use of the developed eCall function for large‐scale usage. The collected data are analyzed, and results are reported. Performed experiments showed the usefulness, acceptance, and satisfactory performance of the eCall service. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antennas of organ morphogenesis: the roles of cilia in vertebrate kidney development
Authors: Marra Amanda N. , Li Yue , Wingert Rebecca A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCilia arose early during eukaryotic evolution, and their structural components are highly conserved from the simplest protists to complex metazoan species. In recent years, the role of cilia in the ontogeny of vertebrate organs has received increasing attention due to a staggering correlation between human disease and dysfunctional cilia. In particular, the presence of cilia in both the developing and mature kidney has become a deep area of research due to ciliopathies common to the kidney, such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Interestingly, mutations in genes encoding proteins that localize to the cilia cause similar cystic phenotypes in kidneys of various vertebrates, suggesting an essential role for cilia in kidney organogenesis and homeostasis as well. Importantly, the genes so far identified in kidney disease have conserved functions across species, whose kidneys include both primary and motile cilia. Here, we aim to provide a comprehensive description of cilia and their role in kidney development, as well as highlight the usefulness of the zebrafish embryonic kidney as a model to further understand the function of cilia in kidney health.
Specialization among amphipods: the invasive Gammarus tigrinus has narrower niche space compared to native gammarids
Authors: Herkül Kristjan , Lauringson Velda , Kotta Jonne 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHuman‐mediated invasions of nonindigenous species are modifying global biodiversity. Despite significant interest in the topic, niche separation and specialization of invasive and closely related native sympatric species are not well understood. It is expected that combined use of various methods may reveal different aspects of niche space and provide stronger evidence for niche partitioning as compared to a single method. We applied the species marginality index (OMI) and species distribution modeling (SDM) in the northern Baltic Proper to determine (1) if environmental niche spaces at habitat scale differ between taxonomically and functionally closely related invasive and native gammarid species, and (2) whether the observed pattern relates to the species distribution overlap. Both methods agreed in notably narrower and more segregated realized niche of invasive Gammarus tigrinus compared to the studied native gammarids. Among native species, the distribution of G. zaddachi overlapped the most with G. tigrinus. Our results confirm that widespread colonization does not require a wide niche of the colonizer, but may rather be a function of other biological traits and/or the saturation of the recipient ecosystem. The niche divergence and wider environmental niche space of native species are likely to safeguard their existence in habitats less suitable for G. tigrinus.
Managing maize under pest species competition: Is Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) maize the solution?
Authors: Catarino Rui , Ceddia Graziano , Areal Francisco , Parisey Nicolas , Park Julian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTransgenic crops that contain Cry genes from Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) have been adopted by farmers over the last 17 yr. Unlike traditional broad‐spectrum chemical insecticides, Bt's toxicity spectrum is relatively narrow and selective, which may indirectly benefit secondary insects that may become important pests. The economic damage caused by the rise of secondary pests could offset some or all of the benefits associated with the use of Bt varieties. We develop a bioeconomic model to analyze the interactions between primary and secondary insect populations and the impact of different management options on insecticide use and economic impact over time. Results indicate that some of the benefits associated with the adoption of genetically engineered insect resistant crops may be eroded when taking into account ecological dynamics. It is suggested that secondary pests could easily become key insect pests requiring additional measures, such as insecticide applications or stacked traits, to keep their populations under the economic threshold.
Gas Switching as a Practical Alternative for Scaleup of Chemical Looping Combustion
Authors: Cloete Schalk , Gallucci Fausto , van Sint Annaland Martin , Amini Shahriar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGas‐fueled chemical looping combustion (CLC) requires high‐pressure operation to achieve competitive electric efficiencies. This work evaluates and compares two reactor concepts specially designed to reduce scaleup challenges under pressurized conditions: packed‐bed chemical looping combustion (PBCLC) and fluidized‐bed gas switching combustion (GSC). These concepts keep the oxygen carrier in a single dynamically operated reactor alternatively fed with air and fuel. Both concepts have been experimentally demonstrated and shown to achieve competitive performance in terms of electrical efficiency and CO2 avoidance. However, the PBCLC concept holds the greatest fundamental promise due to its behavior as a plug flow reactor. Substantial further material development and testing will be required to realize this potential. The GSC concept does not face such material‐related challenges, but requires reactor or plant modifications to achieve a performance that is competitive with the PBCLC concept.
Individual and group psychotherapy with people diagnosed with dementia: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Cheston Richard , Ivanecka Ada 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesPsychotherapy provides a means of helping participants to resolve emotional threats and play an active role in their lives. Consequently, psychotherapy is increasingly used within dementia care. This paper reviews the existing evidence base for individual and group psychotherapy with people affected by dementia.DesignThe protocol was registered. We searched electronic databases, relevant websites and reference lists for records of psychotherapy with people affected by Alzheimer's Disease, Vascular dementia, Lewy‐body dementia or a mixed condition between 1997 and 2015. We included studies of therapies which met British Association of Counselling and Psychotherapy definitions (e.g. occurs regularly, focuses on talking about life events and facilitates understand of the illness). Art therapy, Cognitive Stimulation and Rehabilitation, Life Review, Reminiscence Therapy and family therapy were excluded. Studies which included people with frontal–temporal dementia and mild cognitive impairment were excluded. Data was extracted using a bespoke form, and risk of bias assessments were carried out independently by both authors. Meta‐analysis was not possible because of the heterogeneity of data.ResultsA total of 1397 papers were screened with 26 papers using randomised, non‐randomised controlled trials or repeated measured designs being included. A broad mix of therapeutic modalities, types, lengths and settings were described, focussing largely on people with mild levels of cognitive impairment living in the community.ConclusionsThis study was limited to only those studies published in English. The strongest evidence supported the use of short‐term group therapy after diagnosis and an intensive, multi‐faceted intervention for Nursing Home residents. Many areas of psychotherapy need further research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.