bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REDUCING POTENTIALLY INAPPROPRIATE PRESCRIBING FOR OLDER PEOPLE IN PRIMARY CARE: COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF THE OPTI-SCRIPT INTERVENTION
Authors: Gillespie Paddy , Clyne Barbara , Raymakers Adam , Fahey Tom , Hughes Carmel M. , Smith Susan M. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives: This study examines the cost-effectiveness of the OPTI-SCRIPT intervention on potentially inappropriate prescribing in primary care.Methods: Economic evaluation, using incremental cost-effectiveness and cost utility analyses, conducted alongside a cluster randomized controlled trial of twenty-one general practices and 196 patients, to compare a multifaceted intervention with usual practice in primary care in Ireland. Potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIPs) were determined by a pharmacist. Incremental costs, PIPs, and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) at 12-month follow-up were estimated using multilevel regression. Uncertainty was explored using cost-effectiveness acceptability curves.Results: The intervention was associated with a nonsignificant mean cost increase of €407 (95 percent CIs, −357–1170), a significant mean reduction in PIPs of 0.379 (95 percent CI, 0.092–0.666), and a nonsignificant mean increase in QALYs of 0.013 (95 percent CIs, −0.016–0.042). The incremental cost per PIP avoided was €1,269 (95 percent CI, −1400–6302) and the incremental cost per QALY gained was €30,535 (95 percent CI, −334,846–289,498). The probability of the intervention being cost-effective was 0.602 at a threshold value of €45,000 per QALY gained and was at least 0.845 at threshold values of €2,500 per PIP avoided and higher.Conclusions: While the OPTI-SCRIPT intervention was effective in reducing potentially inappropriate prescribing in primary care in Ireland, our findings highlight the uncertainty with respect to its cost-effectiveness. Further studies are required to explore the health and economic implications of interventions targeting potentially inappropriate prescribing.
EXPLORING VALUES OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT AGENCIES USING REFLECTIVE MULTICRITERIA AND RARE DISEASE CASE
Authors: Goetghebeur Mireille M. , Wagner Monika , Samaha Dima , O'Neil William , Badgley Danielle , Castro-Jaramillo Hector , Abrishami Payam , Sarria-Santamera Antonio , Cleemput Irina , Tringali Michele 
Published: October 2017

Objectives: Tackling ethical dilemmas faced by reimbursement decision makers requires deeper understanding of values on which health technology assessment (HTA) agencies are founded and how trade-offs are made. This was explored in this study including the case of rare disease.Methods: Representatives from eight HTA explored values on which institutions are founded using a narrative approach and reflective multicriteria (developed from EVIDEM, criteria derived from ethical imperatives of health care). Trade-offs between criteria and the impact of incorporating defined priorities (including for rare diseases) were explored through a quantitative values elicitation exercise.Results: Participants reported a diversity of substantive and procedural values with a common emphasis on scientific excellence, stakeholder involvement, independence, and transparency. Examining the ethical imperatives behind EVIDEM criteria was found to be useful to further explore substantive values. Most criteria were deemed to reflect institutions’ values, while 70 percent of the criteria were reported by at least half of participants to be considered formally by their institutions. The quantitative values elicitation highlighted the difficulty to balance imperatives of “alleviating or preventing patient suffering,” “serving the whole population equitably,” “upholding healthcare system sustainability,” and “making decisions informed by evidence and context” but may help share the ethical reasoning behind decisions. Incorporating “Priorities” (including for rare diseases) helped reveal trade-offs from other criteria and their underlying ethical imperatives.Conclusions: Reflective multicriteria are useful to explore substantive values of HTAs, reflect how these values and their ethical underpinnings can be operationalized into criteria, and explore the ethical reasoning at the heart of the healthcare debate.
Science for the Chinese Common Reader? Myriad Treasures and New Knowledge at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
Authors: Judge Joan 
Published: October 2017

ArgumentThis article argues that in order to discern the place of science in the epistemology of Chinese common readers, it is critical to look beyond the coastal enclaves where foreign missionaries and experts interacted with Chinese scholars and officials, beyond the translated treatises they produced, and even beyond the various forms of new media that attempted to more widely disseminate the principles of Western science. Instead, it asserts the need to engage a different register of materials that were less directly tied to foreign expertise, more directly in line with pre-existing lineages of printed materials, and at the same time, integral to early-twentieth-century Chinese circuits of information. The article focuses explicitly on one print phenomena that has been completely overlooked in the scholarship to date, the expansion and revitalization of the genre of texts known aswanbao quanshu萬寶全書 (comprehensive compendia of myriad treasures) in the late Qing (1890-1911) and early Republic (1912-1930).
From Hindustan to Brabant: Meyerbeer’s L’africana and Municipal Cosmopolitanism in Post-Unification Italy
Authors: Körner Axel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article examines the political and cultural circumstances leading to the Italian premiere of Giacomo Meyerbeer’s posthumous opera L’Africaine at Bologna’s Teatro Comunale in November 1865. Meyerbeer’s death in May 1864 and the French premiere of his last opera the following year combined to produce a striking moment of transnational cosmopolitan sentiment that built on the composer’s reputation for writing music that had the capacity to communicate across national and political boundaries. Shortly after the Unification of Italy, Bologna was keen to capitalise on these emotions and used the Italian premiere strategically in order to position itself as one of the cultural capitals of the new Italian nation state.
The Greek and Latin Cherubikon
Authors: WANEK NINA-MARIA 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThis article focuses on the so-called ordinary Cherubikon/Cherubic hymn(Οἱ τὰ χερουβίμ/Oi ta Cherubim)found in Byzantine manuscripts in connection with the Divine Liturgies of St John Chrysostomos and St Basil throughout the church year except for Lent and Easter. The Cherubikon is not, however, restricted to Byzantine codices, but can be found in various Latin manuscripts transliterated into Western letters and written with Western neumes.
18FDG-PET metabolic response of non-small-cell lung cancer to chemoradiotherapy with long-term follow-up
Authors: Ampil Federico , Caldito Gloria , Richards Troy 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAim18Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) can indicate the presence or absence of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after treatment. We present a description of the FDG-PET results following the contemporary management of locally advanced NSCLC including long-term outcomes.MethodologyThe study participants were eight long-term survivors with metabolic tumour response (MTR) shown on FDG-PET following chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced stage NSCLC between June 2005 and April 2009.ResultsAfter therapy, MTR was complete in five patients; four subjects were free of cancer, and one patient experienced progression of disease at the time of last follow-up. Of the three individuals with incomplete MTRs, distant metastases developed in two patients, and one subject remained disease-free. Long-term survival ranged from 37 to 75 months.ConclusionAlthough the number of cases is small, our observations confirm the diagnostic role of FDG-PET as well as its value for predicting prognosis in the clinical practice of oncology.
Plasmonic tunnel junctions for single-molecule redox chemistry
Authors: de Nijs Bart , Benz Felix , Barrow Steven J. , Sigle Daniel O. , Chikkaraddy Rohit , Palma Aniello , Carnegie Cloudy , Kamp Marlous , Sundararaman Ravishankar , Narang Prineha , Scherman Oren A. , Baumberg Jeremy J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNanoparticles attached just above a flat metallic surface can trap optical fields in the nanoscale gap. This enables local spectroscopy of a few molecules within each coupled plasmonic hotspot, with near thousand-fold enhancement of the incident fields. As a result of non-radiative relaxation pathways, the plasmons in such sub-nanometre cavities generate hot charge carriers, which can catalyse chemical reactions or induce redox processes in molecules located within the plasmonic hotspots. Here, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy allows us to track these hot-electron-induced chemical reduction processes in a series of different aromatic molecules. We demonstrate that by increasing the tunnelling barrier height and the dephasing strength, a transition from coherent to hopping electron transport occurs, enabling observation of redox processes in real time at the single-molecule level.
Extrafollicular CD4+ T-B interactions are sufficient for inducing autoimmune-like chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Deng Ruishu , Hurtz Christian , Song Qingxiao , Yue Chanyu , Xiao Gang , Yu Hua , Wu Xiwei , Muschen Markus , Forman Stephen , Martin Paul J. , Zeng Defu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is an autoimmune-like syndrome mediated by pathogenic CD4+T and B cells, but the function of extrafollicular and germinal center CD4+T and B interactions in cGVHD pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Here we show that extrafollicular CD4+T and B interactions are sufficient for inducing cGVHD, while germinal center formation is dispensable. The pathogenesis of cGVHD is associated with the expansion of extrafollicular CD44hiCD62loPSGL-1loCD4+(PSGL-1loCD4+) T cells. These cells express high levels of ICOS, and the blockade of ICOS/ICOSL interaction prevents their expansion and ameliorates cGVHD. Expansion of PSGL-1loCD4+T cells is also prevented by BCL6 or Stat3 deficiency in donor CD4+T cells, with the induction of cGVHD ameliorated by BCL6 deficiency and completely suppressed by Stat3 deficiency in donor CD4+T cells. These results support that Stat3- and BCL6-dependent extrafollicular CD4+T and B interactions play critical functions in the pathogenesis of cGVHD.
Glycaemic control boosts glucosylated nanocarrier crossing the BBB into the brain
Authors: Anraku Y. , Kuwahara H. , Fukusato Y. , Mizoguchi A. , Ishii T. , Nitta K. , Matsumoto Y. , Toh K. , Miyata K. , Uchida S. , Nishina K. , Osada K. , Itaka K. , Nishiyama N. , Mizusawa H. , Yamasoba T. , Yokota T. , Kataoka K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecently, nanocarriers that transport bioactive substances to a target site in the body have attracted considerable attention and undergone rapid progression in terms of the state of the art. However, few nanocarriers can enter the brain via a systemic route through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to efficiently reach neurons. Here we prepare a self-assembled supramolecular nanocarrier with a surface featuring properly configured glucose. The BBB crossing and brain accumulation of this nanocarrier are boosted by the rapid glycaemic increase after fasting and by the putative phenomenon of the highly expressed glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) in brain capillary endothelial cells migrating from the luminal to the abluminal plasma membrane. The precisely controlled glucose density on the surface of the nanocarrier enables the regulation of its distribution within the brain, and thus is successfully optimized to increase the number of nanocarriers accumulating in neurons.
Enhanced generation and anisotropic Coulomb scattering of hot electrons in an ultra-broadband plasmonic nanopatch metasurface
Authors: Sykes Matthew E. , Stewart Jon W. , Akselrod Gleb M. , Kong Xiang-Tian , Wang Zhiming , Gosztola David J. , Martinson Alex B. F. , Rosenmann Daniel , Mikkelsen Maiken H. , Govorov Alexander O. , Wiederrecht Gary P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe creation of energetic electrons through plasmon excitation of nanostructures before thermalization has been proposed for a wide number of applications in optical energy conversion and ultrafast nanophotonics. However, the use of “nonthermal” electrons is primarily limited by both a low generation efficiency and their ultrafast decay. We report experimental and theoretical results on the use of broadband plasmonic nanopatch metasurfaces comprising a gold substrate coupled to silver nanocubes that produce large concentrations of hot electrons, which we measure using transient absorption spectroscopy. We find evidence for three subpopulations of nonthermal carriers, which we propose arise from anisotropic electron–electron scattering within sp-bands near the Fermi surface. The bimetallic character of the metasurface strongly impacts the physics, with dissipation occurring primarily in the gold, whereas the quantum process of hot electron generation takes place in both components. Our calculations show that the choice of geometry and materials is crucial for producing strong ultrafast nonthermal electron components.
Mass spectrometry sequencing of long digital polymers facilitated by programmed inter-byte fragmentation
Authors: Al Ouahabi Abdelaziz , Amalian Jean-Arthur , Charles Laurence , Lutz Jean-François 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the context of data storage miniaturization, it was recently shown that digital information can be stored in the monomer sequences of non-natural macromolecules. However, the sequencing of such digital polymers is currently limited to short chains. Here, we report that intact multi-byte digital polymers can be sequenced in a moderate resolution mass spectrometer and that full sequence coverage can be attained without requiring pre-analysis digestion or the help of sequence databases. In order to do so, the polymers are designed to undergo controlled fragmentations in collision-induced dissociation conditions. Each byte of the sequence is labeled by an identification tag and a weak alkoxyamine group is placed between 2 bytes. As a consequence of this design, the NO-C bonds break first upon collisional activation, thus leading to a pattern of mass tag-shifted intact bytes. Afterwards, each byte is individually sequenced in pseudo-MS3 conditions and the whole sequence is found.
Quantum sensing of weak radio-frequency signals by pulsed Mollow absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Joas T. , Waeber A. M. , Braunbeck G. , Reinhard F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractQuantum sensors—qubits sensitive to external fields—have become powerful detectors for various small acoustic and electromagnetic fields. A major key to their success have been dynamical decoupling protocols which enhance sensitivity to weak oscillating (AC) signals. Currently, those methods are limited to signal frequencies below a few MHz. Here we harness a quantum-optical effect, the Mollow triplet splitting of a strongly driven two-level system, to overcome this limitation. We microscopically understand this effect as a pulsed dynamical decoupling protocol and find that it enables sensitive detection of fields close to the driven transition. Employing a nitrogen-vacancy center, we detect GHz microwave fields with a signal strength (Rabi frequency) below the current detection limit, which is set by the center’s spectral linewidth $$1{\rm{/}}T_2^*$$
1
∕

T

2

*

. Pushing detection sensitivity to the much lower 1/T2 limit, this scheme could enable various applications, most prominently coherent coupling to single phonons and microwave photons.
Anomeric memory of the glycosidic bond upon fragmentation and its consequences for carbohydrate sequencing
Authors: Schindler Baptiste , Barnes Loïc , Renois Gina , Gray Christopher , Chambert Stéphane , Fort Sébastien , Flitsch Sabine , Loison Claire , Allouche Abdul-Rahman , Compagnon Isabelle 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDeciphering the carbohydrate alphabet is problematic due to its unique complexity among biomolecules. Strikingly, routine sequencing technologies—which are available for proteins and DNA and have revolutionised biology—do not exist for carbohydrates. This lack of structural tools is identified as a crucial bottleneck, limiting the full development of glycosciences and their considerable potential impact for the society. In this context, establishing generic carbohydrate sequencing methods is both a major scientific challenge and a strategic priority. Here we show that a hybrid analytical approach integrating molecular spectroscopy with mass spectrometry provides an adequate metric to resolve carbohydrate isomerisms, i.e the monosaccharide content, anomeric configuration, regiochemistry and stereochemistry of the glycosidic linkage. On the basis of the spectroscopic discrimination of MS fragments, we report the unexpected demonstration of the anomeric memory of the glycosidic bond upon fragmentation. This remarkable property is applied to de novo sequencing of underivatized oligosaccharides.
Nanoscale control of competing interactions and geometrical frustration in a dipolar trident lattice
Authors: Farhan Alan , Petersen Charlotte F. , Dhuey Scott , Anghinolfi Luca , Qin Qi Hang , Saccone Michael , Velten Sven , Wuth Clemens , Gliga Sebastian , Mellado Paula , Alava Mikko J. , Scholl Andreas , van Dijken Sebastiaan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGeometrical frustration occurs when entities in a system, subject to given lattice constraints, are hindered to simultaneously minimize their local interactions. In magnetism, systems incorporating geometrical frustration are fascinating, as their behavior is not only hard to predict, but also leads to the emergence of exotic states of matter. Here, we provide a first look into an artificial frustrated system, the dipolar trident lattice, where the balance of competing interactions between nearest-neighbor magnetic moments can be directly controlled, thus allowing versatile tuning of geometrical frustration and manipulation of ground state configurations. Our findings not only provide the basis for future studies on the low-temperature physics of the dipolar trident lattice, but also demonstrate how this frustration-by-design concept can deliver magnetically frustrated metamaterials.
Paraquat and MPTP induce neurodegeneration and alteration in the expression profile of microRNAs: the role of transcription factor Nrf2
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Ren Nan , Cai Zhipeng , Lin Qingxia , Wang Zhangjing , Zhang Qunwei , Wu Siying , Li Huangyuan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBoth transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) can exert a widespread impact on gene expression. In the present study, we investigated the role of Nrf2 in paraquat-induced intracorporeal neurodegeneration and miRNA expression by exposing Nrf2 wild-type and knockout mice to paraquat (PQ) or 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Exposure to 10 mg/kg PQ or 30 mg/kg MPTP caused damage to nerve cells in the substantia nigra (SN) in both Nrf2 (+/+) and Nrf2 (−/−) ICR mice, which included cell morphological changes, detectable apoptosis and a significant reduction in the number of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. When mice were exposed to the same PQ dose of 10 mg/kg, significant fewer tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive DA neurons were observed in the Nrf2 (−/−) mice than that in the Nrf2 (+/+) mice. Both Nrf2 deficiency and PQ or MPTP exposure could alter miRNA expression profile in the SN, suggesting the potential involvement of Nrf2 in the PQ-induced or MPTP-induced miRNA expression alteration. The expression of miR-380-3p was altered by the Nrf2-MPTP interaction effect. miR-380-3p/Sp3-mRNA pathway is likely part of the mechanism of MPTP-induced neurodegeneration. Collectively, our results corroborated the protective role of Nrf2 and also demonstrated the essential interaction of Nrf2 with miRNAs in intracorporal neurodegeneration induced by neurotoxicants.
Dual-source Computed Tomography for Evaluating Pulmonary Artery and Aorta in Pediatric Patients with Single Ventricle
Authors: Yang Meng-xi , Yang Zhi-gang , Zhang Yi , Shi Ke , Xu Hua-yan , Diao Kai-yue , Guo Ying-kun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo explore the accuracy of main pulmonary artery (MPA) and ascending aorta (AAO) image evaluation in pediatric patients with single ventricle (SV) by comparing dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) with echocardiography. Thirty-one children with SV were retrospectively enrolled. The stenosis, dilation, and location of MPA and AAO were independently evaluated by DSCT and echocardiography. The accompanying arterial malformations were also assessed by DSCT. For 17 patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, the DSCT-based diameters of MPA and AAO were correlated with their pressures as measured by catheterization. Referring to the surgical and catheterization findings, DSCT had better diagnostic performance in detecting the stenosis, dilation, and location of MPA and AAO with higher sensitivity than echocardiography (sensitivity, MPA: 88.0% vs. 80.0%, AAO: 100% vs. 66.7%, great arteries location: 95.7% vs. 95.2%). The correlations between diameters of MPA and AAO with their pressures were 0.399 (p = 0.04) and 0.611 (p = 0.01), respectively. In addition, DSCT detected 23 cases with patent ductus arteriosus, 26 systemic-to-pulmonary collaterals, 9 branch pulmonary distortions, and 4 coronary artery anomalies. DSCT is reliable for assessing the anatomic features of pulmonary artery and aorta in SV children, and provides comprehensive information for surgical strategy-making.
Knot Energy, Complexity, and Mobility of Knotted Polymers
Authors: Vargas–Lara Fernando , Hassan Ahmed M. , Mansfield Marc L. , Douglas Jack F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Coulomb energy EC is defined by the energy required to charge a conductive object and scales inversely to the self–capacity C, a basic measure of object size and shape. It is known that C is minimized for a sphere for all objects having the same volume, and that C increases as the symmetry of an object is reduced at fixed volume. Mathematically similar energy functionals have been related to the average knot crossing number 〈m〉, a natural measure of knot complexity and, correspondingly, we find EC to be directly related to 〈m〉 of knotted DNA. To establish this relation, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to generate knotted polymeric configurations having different length and stiffness, and minimum knot crossing number values m for a wide class of knot types relevant to the real DNA. We then compute EC for all these knotted polymers using the program ZENO and find that the average Coulomb energy 〈EC〉 is directly proportional to 〈m〉. Finally, we calculate estimates of the ratio of the hydrodynamic radius, radius of gyration, and the intrinsic viscosity of semi–flexible knotted polymers in comparison to the linear polymeric chains since these ratios should be useful in characterizing knotted polymers experimentally.