bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temperature‐dependent residual shear strength characteristics of smectite‐bearing landslide soils
Authors: Shibasaki Tatsuya , Matsuura Sumio , Hasegawa Yoichi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper presents experimental investigations regarding the effect of temperature on the residual strength of landslide soils at slow‐to‐moderate shearing velocities. We performed ring‐shear tests on 23 soil samples at temperatures of 6–29°C. The test results show that the shear strength of smectite‐rich soils decreased when temperatures were relatively low. These positive temperature effects (strength losses at lower temperatures) observed for smectite‐bearing soils are typical under relatively slow shearing rates. In contrast, under relatively high shearing rates, strength was gained as temperature decreased. As rheological properties of smectite suspensions are sensitive to environmental factors, such as temperature, pH, and dissolved ions, we inferred that temperature‐dependent residual strengths of smectitic soils are also attributed to their specific rheological properties. Visual and scanning electron microscope observations of Ca‐bentonite suggest that slickensided shear surfaces at slow shearing rates are very shiny and smooth, whereas those at moderate shearing rates are not glossy and are slightly turbulent, indicating that platy smectite particles are strongly orientated at slow velocities. The positive temperature effect is probably due to temperature‐dependent microfriction that is mobilized in the parallel directions of the sheet structure of hydrous smectite particles. On the contrary, the influence of microviscous resistance, which appears in the vertical directions of the lamination, is assumed to increase at faster velocities. Our results imply that if slip‐surface soils contain high fractions of smectite, decreases in ground temperature can lead to lowered shear resistance of the slip surface and trigger slow landslide movement.
Intermittent and lateral varying ULVZ structure at the northeastern margin of the Pacific LLSVP
Authors: Zhao Chunpeng , Garnero Edward J. , Li Mingming , McNamara Allen , Yu Shule 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThin patches with ultralow velocities have been proposed to exist at the core‐mantle boundary (CMB). The detection and mapping of ultralow velocity zones (ULVZs) are difficult, in part, because of limited source‐receiver geometries of seismic phases used in ULVZ modeling. Here we develop a new approach that simultaneously utilizes ScS precursor and postcursor energies to investigate the CMB region for ULVZ structure. We stacked source‐deconvolved ScS waveforms within 1.5° geographic bins to extract ScS precursor and postcursor energies, if present, with ScS effectively removed from waveforms. We investigate the CMB beneath the central Pacific Ocean, and evidence for ULVZs is clearly apparent. Geographic bin stacks possessing similar ScS precursor‐plus‐postcursor behavior are grouped by using cluster analysis to produce more robust waveforms by enhancing the signal‐to‐noise ratios. Synthetic seismograms that demonstrate the amplitude and timing of the ULVZ arrivals are sensitive to ULVZ thickness and internal velocities. To pursue local ULVZ properties we processed 13,850 1‐D synthetic models with various ULVZ thicknesses and internal properties, using the identical ScS‐stripping method as with the data. A best fitting model was found for each geographical bin cluster by using an amplitude‐sensitive cross‐correlation algorithm. While limitations exist due to 1‐D modeling, strong lateral variations are clearly apparent in ULVZ thickness and properties across the large low shear velocity province (LLSVP) margin in our study area. Inside hypothesized LLSVP edges, ULVZs appear to distribute unevenly, suggesting 3‐D variations of convection currents.
Effect of magnetic anisotropy on the natural remanent magnetization in the MCU IVe' layer of the Bjerkreim Sokndal Layered Intrusion, Rogaland, Southern Norway
Authors: Biedermann A. R. , Jackson M. , Bilardello D. , McEnroe S. A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA strong negative magnetic anomaly, caused by an intense natural remanent magnetization (NRM) approximately opposite today's geomagnetic field, is observed above the MCU IVe' unit of the Bjerkreim Sokndal Layered Intrusion. The anomaly is strongest in the east, close to Heskestad, and decreases when following the layer toward the north and west. This study investigates how the NRM changes along the layer and how its direction and intensity are affected by magnetic fabrics in the intrusion. NRM, low‐field anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility, and anisotropy of anhysteretic remanence have been measured on 371 specimens from 46 sites. The orientation of both the magnetic fabrics and the NRM changes for different locations along the layer, and it appears that the NRM is tilted away from the mean paleofield and toward the direction of maximum susceptibility and maximum anhysteretic remanence. When NRM directions are corrected for magnetic fabrics, the angle between the NRM and mean paleofield direction generally decreases for specimens with a single‐component NRM. No correlation was found between the NRM intensity and the directional relationship between NRM, magnetic fabric, and mean paleofield.
Dancing sprites: Detailed analysis of two case studies
Authors: Soula Serge , Mlynarczyk Janusz , Füllekrug Martin , Pineda Nicolau , Georgis Jean‐François , van der Velde Oscar , Montanyà Joan , Fabró Ferran 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOn 29–30 October 2013, a low‐light video camera installed at Pic du Midi (2877 m), recorded transient luminous events above a very active storm over the Mediterranean Sea. The minimum cloud top temperature reached −73°C, while its cloud to ground (CG) flash rate exceeded 30 fl min−1. Some sprite events have long duration and resemble to dancing sprites. We analyze in detail the temporal evolution and estimated location of two series of sprite sequences, as well as the cloud structure, the lightning activity, the electric field radiated in a broad range of low frequencies, and the current moment waveform of the lightning strokes. (i) In each series, successive sprite sequences reflect time and location of corresponding positive lightning strokes across the stratiform region. (ii) The longer time‐delayed (>20 ms) sprite elements correspond to the lower impulsive charge moment changes (iCMC) of the parent strokes (<200 C km), and they are shifted few tens of kilometers from their SP + CG stroke. However, both short and long time‐delayed sprite elements also occur after strokes that produce a large iCMC and that are followed by a continuing current. (iii) The long time‐delayed sprite elements during the continuing current correspond to surges in the current moment waveform. They occur sometimes at an altitude apparently lower than the previous short time‐delayed sprite elements, possibly because of changes in the local conductivity. (iv) The largest and brightest sprite elements produce significant current signatures, visible when their delay is not too short (~3–5 ms).
Phase II study of imatinib‐based chemotherapy for newly diagnosed BCR‐ABL‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Fujisawa Shin , Mizuta Shuichi , Akiyama Hideki , Ueda Yasunori , Aoyama Yasutaka , Hatta Yoshihiro , Kakihana Kazuhiko , Dobashi Nobuaki , Sugiura Isamu , Onishi Yasushi , Maeda Tomoya , Imai Kiyotoshi , Ohtake Shigeki , Miyazaki Yasushi , Ohnishi Kazunori , Matsuo Keitaro , Naoe Tomoki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the efficacy of imatinib based therapy with intensified consolidation therapy in patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) to prevent early relapse. We conducted a phase II trial of imatinib‐combined chemotherapy for newly diagnosed BCR‐ABL‐positive ALL in adults. Sixty‐eight patients were included in the trial between October 2008 and December 2010. The median age was 49 years, with 28 patients >55 years of age. Sixty‐five patients achieved CR (95.6%). The estimated 2‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 62.3% and 67.4%, respectively. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) at initial CR was performed in 43 patients. Thirty‐five of 39 patients <55 years and 8 of 26 patients >55 years underwent allo‐SCT at first CR. The 3‐year OS in patients <55 years receiving allo‐SCT at first CR, patients >55 years receiving allo‐SCT at first CR, patients <55 years not receiving allo‐SCT at first CR, and patients >55 years not receiving allo‐SCT at first CR were 80.4%, 41.1%, 32.5%, and 52.0%, respectively (P = 0.058). The three‐year EFS in each group was 76.7%, 53.6%, not reached, and 26.4%, respectively (P = 0.150). A high CR rate was observed with imatinib‐based chemotherapy allowing allo‐SCT in a high proportion of patients, particularly those <55 years. Moreover, intensified consolidation therapy reduced early relapse rates following induction therapy and resulted in improved OS and EFS rates following allo‐SCT. This trial was registered with the UMIN (000001226).
Reaktion von UDP‐Apiose/UDP‐Xylose‐Synthase mit isotopenmarkierten Substraten: Hinweise auf einen Mechanismus mit gekoppelter Oxidation und Aldolspaltung
Authors: Eixelsberger Thomas , Horvat Doroteja , Gutmann Alexander , Weber Hansjörg , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDer C‐verzweigte Zucker d‐Apiose (Api) ist essenziell für die Entwicklung der pflanzlichen Zellwand. Eine enzymkatalysierte Decarboxylierungs‐Pyranosidringkontraktions‐Reaktion führt von UDP‐α‐d‐Glucuronsäure (UDP‐GlcA) zur Api‐Vorstufe UDP‐α‐d‐Apiose (UDP‐Api). Der Mechanismus von UDP‐Api/UDP‐α‐d‐Xylose‐Synthase (UAXS) wurde mittels ortsspezifisch 2H‐markierter sowie desoxygenierter Substrate untersucht. Aus dem Analogon UDP‐2‐Desoxy‐GlcA, das die C‐2/C‐3‐Aldolspaltung als den wahrscheinlichen Schritt zur Einleitung der Pyranosid‐zu‐Furanosid‐Umwandlung verhindert, bildete sich kein entsprechendes Api‐Produkt. Die kinetischen Isotopeneffekte stützen einen UAXS‐Mechanismus, in dem die Substratoxidation durch Enzym‐NAD+ und die Retroaldol‐Zuckerringöffnung gekoppelt in einem einzelnen geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritt auftreten, der zur Decarboxylierung führt. Eine Neuanordnung und ringkontrahierende Aldoladdition in einem offenkettigen Zwischenprodukt ergeben dann UDP‐Api‐Aldehyd, der durch Enzym‐NADH reduziert wird.
Orthogonale Oberflächenmarkierungen für die Ganzzellkatalyse
Authors: Peschke Theo , Rabe Kersten S. , Niemeyer Christof M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWir beschreiben die Entwicklung von E.coli‐Stämmen, die einerseits auf ihrer Oberfläche orthogonale Markierungen präsentieren und andererseits einen funktionellen heterologen “Proteininhalt” im Cytosol überexprimieren. Die Verwendung des äußeren Membranproteins Lpp‐ompA zur Zelloberflächenpräsentation des Streptavidin‐Bindepeptids, des SpyTag/SpyCatcher‐Systems oder einer HaloTag‐Variante führte zur Entwicklung von Bakterienstämmen, die selektiv auf festen Trägern binden, was anhand magnetischer Mikropartikel gezeigt wurde. Gleichzeitig konnte die cytosolische Expression des funktionellen “Proteininhalts” anhand fluoreszierender Proteine und stereoselektiver Ketoreduktasen gezeigt werden. Die letztgenannten Stämme zeigten sowohl die spezifische Immobilisierung auf komplementären Oberflächen als auch höchste Selektivitäten bei der stereospezifischen Ganzzellbiotransformation des prochiralen Cs‐symetrischen Nitrodiketons.
Anchoring of Cu(II)–vanillin Schiff base complex on MCM‐41: A highly efficient and recyclable catalyst for synthesis of sulfides and 5‐substituted 1H–tetrazoles and oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides
Authors: Khanmoradi Maryam , Nikoorazm Mohsen , Ghorbani‐Choghamarani Arash 
Published: January 2017

A copper(II)–vanillin complex was immobilized onto MCM‐41 nanostructure and was used as an inexpensive, non‐toxic and heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of symmetric aryl sulfides by the cross‐coupling of aromatic halides with S8 as an effective sulfur source, in the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using 30% H2O2 as a green oxidant and in the synthesis of 5‐substituted 1H–tetrazoles from a smooth (3 + 2) cycloaddition of organic nitriles with sodium azide (NaN3). The products were obtained in good to excellent yields. This catalyst could be reused several times without loss of activity. Characterization of the catalyst was performed using Fourier transform infrared, energy‐dispersive X‐ray and atomic absorption spectroscopies, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning and transmission electron microscopies.
Effect of bone‐like hydroxyapatite/poly amino acid loaded with rifapentine microspheres on bone and joint tuberculosis in vitro
Authors: Liu Yuwu , Jiang Dianming 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRifapentine‐loaded poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres (RPMs)‐loaded bone‐like hydroxyapatite/poly amino acid (BHA/PAA) is effective in curing Staphylococcus aureus‐induced chronic osteomyelitis. This study continues to investigate the effect of RPM‐loaded BHA/PAA on the bacterial growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), cell proliferation and differentiation in MTB H37Rv‐infected MG63 cells. Furthermore, whether Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway was activated by RPM‐loaded BHA/PAA was explored. We found the bactec growth index of H37Rv was significantly inhibited by RPM‐loaded BHA/PAA. The MTT assay showed that RPM‐loaded BHA/PAA could promote the cell proliferation of H37Rv‐infected MG63 cells, as determined by MTT assay. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of runt‐related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin (OCN) was examined by commercial kit and Western blot analysis to determine the effect of RPM‐loaded BHA/PAA on MTB H37Rv‐infected MG63 cell differentiation. It was revealed that RPM‐loaded BHA/PAA could promote cell differentiation of H37Rv‐infected MG63 cells. Furthermore, we found the expression of Wnt1, LDL receptor related protein 6 (Lrp6) and β‐catenin was significantly increased in H37Rv‐infected MG63 cells following treatment with RPM‐loaded BHA/PAA, as determined by Western blot analysis. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that RPM‐loaded BHA/PAA has an effective activity against MTB. RPM‐loaded BHA/PAA promoted cell proliferation and cell differentiation of H37Rv‐infected MG63 cells. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling could be activated by RPM‐loaded BHA/PAA in MG63 cells infected with H37Rv. This study demonstrated the potential value of RPM‐loaded BHA/PAA in treating bone and joint TB, and suggested Wnt/β‐catenin signaling may be an important pathway underlying its function.
Treatment and repair of uterine scar dehiscence during cesarean section
Authors: Sawada Masaaki , Matsuzaki Shinya , Nakae Ruriko , Iwamiya Tadashi , Kakigano Aiko , Kumasawa Keiichi , Ueda Yutaka , Endo Masayuki , Kimura Tadashi 
Published: January 2017

Key Clinical MessageThe incidence of cesarean section (c‐section) has increased worldwide. Because the major risk factor for uterine scar dehiscence (USD) is a previous c‐section, the rate of this complication has also increased. Its clinical significance and management strategies are unclear. Here, we discuss USD particularly pertaining to its surgical treatment.
Industrial Process Design for the Production of Aniline by Direct Amination
Authors: Driessen Rick T. , Kamphuis Peter , Mathijssen Lydwien , Zhang Ruo , van der Ham Louis G. J. , van den Berg Henk , Zeeuw Arend Jan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe objective is to design a plant from raw material to product for the production of aniline by direct amination of benzene. The process design is started on a conceptual level and ended on a basic engineering level as well as a techno‐economical evaluation. The amination of benzene by hydroxylamine was used as basis. For the production of hydroxylamine four routes are proposed. The most promising route is the chemical reduction of nitric oxide with hydrogen. The process evaluation shows that 27 % of the atomic nitrogen is lost. The atomic carbon efficiency is close to unity. Furthermore, a significant amount of steam can be produced. From an economical perspective, there is still room for improvement because the return of investment is quite low and the payback period is quite high.
Spectrum‐Based Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay for Selectively Determining CA125 in Greenish Waveband
Authors: Tan Xiao , Zhang Bin , Zhou Jie , Zou Guizheng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSpectrum‐based and color‐selective electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is crucial for the multicolored ECL assay strategy. Herein, a spectrum‐based ECL immunoassay of high color purity was performed on a home‐made ECL‐acquiring system by spectrally imaging the ECL emission of highly passivated CdSe nanocrystals (NCs), that is, the ECL tags, which were labelled onto sandwich‐type immuno‐complexes with CA125 as the target molecule. The ECL tags could give off efficient ECL around 555 nm with a full width at half‐maximum of 39 nm, so that the spectrum‐based ECL strategy could color‐selectively determine CA125 with a linear response range from 10−4 to 1 U/mL and a limit of detection of 5×10−5 U/mL. The intrinsically improved signal‐to‐noise ratio of ECL to fluorescence might eventually enable the spectrum‐based ECL immunoassay to be a promising alternative to the NCs‐based multicolored fluorescent assay strategy.
Verbal instructions influence pain thresholds assessment: A study using manual and electronic mechanical stimulators
Authors: Suzuki K. , Baad‐Hansen L. , Svensson P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundQuantitative sensory testing (QST) relies on psychophysical techniques and instructions to test subjects. This study examined the effect of different verbal instructions for mechanical pain thresholds (MPTs) using two different stimulation techniques; weighted pinprick stimulators and an electronic von Frey device (EvF). The test–retest reliability and within session variability in the MPTs for each verbal instruction were compared in addition.MethodsSixteen healthy volunteers participated. The MPTs with two different verbal instructions (pinprick and pain) were evaluated with two different stimulation techniques at three test sites: on the skin of the right cheek (face), on the buccal gingival mucosa of the right upper premolar region (gingiva) and on the tip of the tongue (tongue). The exact same protocol was repeated 1–2 weeks later for test–retest reliability.ResultsThe MPT values with pain instruction were significantly higher than the values with the pinprick instruction for all sites and both stimulation techniques (p < .001). The absolute values of MPT were affected by instruction differences but it did not seem to have a major impact on reliability, and there were no significant differences in within session variability (p > .079) between the two different verbal instructions (pinprick and pain).ConclusionsThe specific wording of standardized QST instructions resulted in significant differences in MPT values regardless of which of the two stimulation techniques were used; pinprick stimulators or EvF. This emphasizes the importance of careful standardization of QST instructions in addition to standardization of the stimulus application.SignificanceQuantitative sensory testing (QST) is a widely accepted tool for somatosensory testing and the reliability and variability in the QST test battery has been found to be acceptable. Changing minor details in the wording of standardized QST verbal instructions resulted in significant differences in mechanical pain thresholds. This emphasizes the importance of careful standardization of QST instructions in addition to standardization of the stimulus application.
Mechanistic and adsorption equilibrium studies of dibenzothiophene‐rich‐diesel on MnO2‐loaded‐activated carbon: Surface characterization
Authors: Al‐Ghouti Mohammad A. , Al‐Degs Yahya S. , Issa Ayman A. , Al Bakain Ramia Z. , Khraisheh Majeda A. 
Published: January 2017

In this work, the preparation and characterization of MnO2‐modified‐activated carbon for selective removal of organosulfur compounds including dibenzothiophene were outlined. The deposited particles of the modifier were entrapped within the micropores and the resulting adsorbent was efficient to desulfurize in diesel with rich‐sulfur (7055 mgS kg−1). Removal of organosulfur compounds was positively correlated with the deposited MnO2 and the best efficiency was observed at surface loading 30.6%Mn. The comprehensive characterization tests indicated drastic changes in the physicochemical properties of the modified adsorbents. The main findings were: (a) particles of α‐MnO2 were accumulated within the microspores and (b) less acidic surface compared to activated carbon was created in all modifications. Scanning electron microscope pictures indicated the filling of the pores by particles of MnO2. The mechanisms of S‐compounds removal by the modified adsorbent were elucidated with the aid of Infrared spectral analysis. Adsorption isotherms of dibenzothiophene were measured and the data were presented by different models. Dubinin‐Radushkevich model confirmed that adsorption of dibenzothiophene was exothermic and both Jovanović and Langmuir models indicated the homogeneity of the modified surface. Jovanović model gave the best prediction of the maximum adsorption capacity. Combustion qualities of deeply desulfurized diesel were found within the regulated limits. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 903–913, 2017
Development and application of benthic algal reference condition models to assess stream condition in the South Nahanni Watershed
Authors: Thomas Kathryn E , Hall Roland I , Scrimgeour Garry J 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Monitoring biologists continually strive to improve the effectiveness of protocols to quantify environmental and ecological effects of anthropogenic activities. We developed and applied a reference condition approach (RCA) model to assess the ability of 3 descriptors of algal community structure (algal taxonomy, diatom taxonomy, and algal pigments) to identify impairment in 2 northern rivers in the South Nahanni River Watershed, Northwest Territories, Canada. We established reference conditions by sampling 62 regional reference (i.e., minimally disturbed) sites in 2008 (n = 44) and 2009 (n = 18) and assessed the condition of 38 test sites downstream of 2 mines in 2008 (N = 20 sites) and 2009 (N = 18 sites). Patterns of impairment downstream of the 2 mines were assessed and zones of influence were identified for each algal descriptor. Results showed that the 3 RCA models using the 3 descriptors of algal community structure identified reasonably consistent assessments downstream of Prairie Creek mine with changes in algal pigments being more sensitive than the other 2 descriptors. In Flat River, however, assessment of test sites varied considerably depending on the descriptor of algal community structure. Our results suggest that benthic algal RCA models show promise as biological monitoring tools, but additional investigations are required to better understand variance in site assessments among the 3 algal community descriptors. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:728–745. © 2016 SETAC

Key Points
Results showed that the 3 reference condition approach (RCA) models using the 3 descriptors of algal community structure identified reasonably consistent assessments downstream of 1 mine, with changes in algal pigments being more sensitive compared to the other 2 descriptors. Downstream of a second mine, however, assessment of test sites varied considerably, depending on the descriptor of algal community structure. Our results show that benthic algal RCA models have promise as biological monitoring tools, but additional investigations are required to better understand variance in site assessments among the 3 algal community descriptors. We believe that presenting data that shows promise but also providing results that do not work as well is helpful in moving knowledge of RCA models forward.