bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Concepts and New Weapons in Implant Infections
Authors: Arciola Carla Renata 
Published: January 2018

Molecular studies have cast light on new facts about the virulence factors of bacteria responsible for implant infections. Recently, the biofilm matrix has been shown to include a variety of important structural components, including DNA, in addition to polysaccharides and proteins. This finding has stimulated interest in substances able to disrupt biofilms by attacking both the poly-N-acetylglucosamine surface polysaccharide (PNAG) and the extracellular DNA (eDNA), namely, dispersin B, a PNAG-degrading enzyme, and DNase I. The therapeutic potential of these enzymes are reviewed in this issue of IJAO, as well as the ability of the excretions/secretions of the medicinal maggot Lucilia sericata to disrupt Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. The activity of bacterial proteases causes the release of eDNA, critical for the early development of biofilms. This complex process, including suicidal and fratricidal mechanisms, is also presented in the current issue of IJAO. The different sensitivities of S. aureus and S. epidermidis to enzymatic anti-biofilm agents and to the host's first line of defense, as well as the importance of knowing the cascade of regulatory genes in bacteria so as to interfere with biofilm production using gene therapy or quorum sensing inhibitors are also discussed in this issue. Other innovative approaches consist in disrupting biofilms by exposing them to photodynamic substances and simultaneously to visible light, and in coating biomaterial surfaces with organic molecules to prevent protein adsorption and biofilm formation.
Organ Donation Workshop – a Survey on Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes toward Organ and Tissue Donation in Iran
Authors: Aghayaw Hamid Reza , Arjmand Babak , Emami-Razavi Seyed Hassan , Jafarian Ali , Shabanzadeh Ali Reza , Jalali Fatemeh , Goodarzi Parisa , Jebelifar Soheila 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Despite increasing transplantation in Iran, organ shortage and long waiting lists remain major problems in the country. Many publications have demonstrated that the willingness of healthcare professionals to participate in the donation process can improve the donation rate. Since nurses are usually the first people among the healthcare staff to recognize a patient as a potential donor, they have an important role in the procurement of organ and tissue from cadaveric donors. Our objectives were to survey nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward organ and tissue donation and to examine the effect of having them attend a workshop on organ donation. Methods A 39-item questionnaire was completed by 66 nurses, before and after participation in a 1-day organ donation workshop that was held at the Iranian Tissue Bank (in Tehran, Iran). The questionnaire contained demographic data, 29 questions regarding knowledge, and 8 questions on attitudes toward organ and tissue donation. Results 69.7% women and 30.3% men participated in this study. The mean score for knowledge was 16.89 (SD= 3.33) before and 23.76 (SD=1.66) after the workshop (p=0.000). The mean attitudes score was 4.76 (SD=1.71) before and 5.08 (SD=1.34) after the workshop (p=0.235). Although 63.63% claimed they were willing to have a donation card only 15.15% actually carried one. Conclusions This study demonstrated that educational programs can enhance nurses’ knowledge and commitment to the organ donation process and, ultimately, increase the donation rate. Consequently, it is of great importance for organ procurement units to focus on regular training programs for all their healthcare staff.
Telavancin and Hydroxy Propyl-β-Cyclodextrin Clearance during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: An in vitro Study
Authors: Patel Jignesh H. , Churchwell Mariann D. , Seroogy Julie D. , Barriere Steven L. , Grio Maricor , Mueller Bruce A. 
Published: January 2018

Background/Aims Telavancin is a lipoglycopeptide antimicrobial agent which has been approved in Europe and has been recently FDA approved in the United States. Telavancin's parenteral solution contains hydroxy propyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) to enhance its solubility. The disposition of telavancin and HP-β-CD during continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) has not been previously reported. Methods The transmembrane clearances (CLtm) of telavancin and HP-β-CD during continuous hemofiltration and hemodialysis were assessed using an in vitro bovine blood model with AN69 and polysulfone hemodiafilters at varying ultrafiltrate and dialysate flow rates (1, 2, 3, & 6 l/hr). Results The mean telavancin sieving coefficient ranged from 0.25 to 0.31 during continuous hemofiltration. At all ultrafiltration rates, no differences were observed in telavancin CLtm between the two hemodiafilter types. For continuous hemodialysis, mean telavancin saturation coefficients ranged from 0.10 to 0.43 and CLtm tended to be higher for the polysulfone hemodiafilter than the AN69 hemodiafilter, especially at higher flow rates. Mean HP-β-CD sieving coefficients ranged from 0.63 to 1.03 and saturation coefficients from 0.63 to 1.38, resulting in a CLtm that was similar to ultrafiltrate and dialysate flow rates. Conclusion Telavancin CLtm is dependent on hemodiafilter type, dialysate and ultrafiltration rates. CRRT with high ultrafiltrate or dialysate rates may result in sufficient telavancin clearance to alter telavancin dosing. HP-β-CD clearance by continuous hemodialysis or continuous hemofiltration is substantial and may be sufficient to prevent HP-β-CD accumulation in subjects receiving CRRT. Pharmacokinetic studies conducted in patients receiving CRRT and telavancin are needed to confirm these in vitro findings.
Alginate-Encapsulated Human Hepatoma C3A Cells for use in a Bioartificial Liver Device - The Hybrid-Mds
Authors: Harm Stephan , Strobl Karin , Hartmann Jens , Falkenhagen Dieter 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The aim of this study was to encapsulate C3A cells into alginate microcapsules with an average diameter of ≤ 100 μm, thus enabling them to be recirculated in a bioartificial liver device based on MDS (Microsphere-based Detoxification System) technology. The microcapsules have to be permeable for essential proteins such as albumin. Methods C3A cells were encapsulated using alginate. The resulting alginate beads were coated with poly(diallyldimethylammoniumchloride) (pDADMAC) and poly(sodium-p-styrenesulfonate) (pSS). Their mechanical stability was tested by recirculation of the microcapsule suspension, while their permeability was determined by reverse-size exclusion chromatography and by the use of a confocal laser microscope. The metabolic activities of encapsulated C3A cells were compared to freely growing adherent C3A cells in static cultivation models. The metabolic functionality of encapsulated C3A cells in static conditions was compared to encapsulated C3A cells in a dynamic model. Results The mean diameter of the resulting microcapsules was 86 μm. Our experiments show that these microcapsules were permeable for albumin and the high flow rate of 600 ml/min in a dynamic model has no influence on the survival and the metabolic activities of the encapsulated cells during the tested time of 24 hours. Conclusions Alginate microcapsules containing C3A cells can be used to produce albumin and growth factors in a bioartificial or hybrid liver support system. Thanks to their small diameter, the microcapsules in suspension can be recirculated in the MDS.
Quantifying Recirculation in Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A New Technique Validated
Authors: Lindstrom Steven J. , Mennen Mark T , Rosenfeldt Franklin L. , Salamonsen Robert F. 
Published: January 2018

Rationale The efficacy of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is limited by the phenomenon of recirculation, which is difficult to quantify. Existing measurement techniques using readily available equipment are unsatisfactory. Objectives 1) To compare the accuracy of measurements of recirculation made using equations comparing blood oxygen content or saturation alone at different points in an ex vivo circuit; 2) to validate a new step-change technique for quantifying recirculation in vivo. Methods Anesthetized greyhound dogs cannulated for veno-arterial support were connected to a circuit that allowed the creation of a known level of recirculation ex vivo and blood oxygen content/saturation monitoring. In two dogs, the accuracy of measurements derived from oxygen content and oxygen saturation were compared. The potential of a new technique for measuring recirculation in vivo by comparing the oxygen content of blood sampled during oxygenator bypass to that following a step-change in circuit oxygenation was demonstrated in a veno-venous pilot study and validated in a three-dog veno-arterial study. Results Measurements made using oxygen content versus oxygen saturation showed superior correlation with true recirculation (r2=0.87 vs. 0.64, p<0.0001) and less proportional measurement bias (10.3% vs. 49.8%, p=0.0045). Measurements of recirculation made using a step-change in circuit oxygenation and comparing oxygen content as is required for measuring in vivo recirculation overestimated by only 18.6% (95% CI: 3.9–33.2%) and had excellent correlation with true values (r2=0.89). Conclusions 1) Measurement of recirculation using oxygen content is superior to that using oxygen saturation alone, which demonstrates significant measurement bias; 2) the novel step-change technique is a sufficiently accurate technique for the measurement of recirculation in animal models.
Varieties of Yin and Yang in the Han: Implicit Mode and Substance Divisions in Heshanggong's Commentary on the Daodejing
Authors: Tadd Misha 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn the study of Chinese thought, the products of the Han dynasty have historically been identified as those most antithetical to Western rationalism. In many of these narratives, the commentarial tradition and systems of complementary yin and yang receive the most attention. The present work draws on Mawangdui texts (Guan, Cheng, and Cixiong jie), the writings of Dong Zhongshu, the Huainanzi, and ultimately Heshanggong's Commentary on the Daodejing to complexify this view. Within these examples one discovers divergent philosophies of opposites and yin and yang that confound the notion of a monolithic and solely holistic Han cosmology. Ultimately, this paper seeks to promote Heshanggong's Commentary as an exemplar of Eastern Han Daoist yin-yang theory that subdivides these two principles into mode and substance. Such an interpretive move explains the commentary's valorization of yin modes (non-action, weakness) but not yin substances (cold, corpses), and yang substances (spirit, essential qi, living beings) but not yang modes (action, aggression, violence). Furthermore, this approach unveils new insights about the relationship of the Dao and Heaven, the history of Daoism, and the varieties of correlative cosmologies in the Han.
The effect of nutritional intervention on the lipid profile and dietary intake of adolescents with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomized, controlled trial
Authors: da Silva S G L , Terreri M T , Abad T T O , Machado D , Fonseca F L A , Hix S , Suano-Souza F I , Sarni R O S , Len C A 
Published: January 2018

Objective This study sought to evaluate the effects of a nutritional intervention on the lipid metabolism biomarkers associated with cardiovascular risk, and their variation over time, in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) patients. This study also investigated the relationships between these biomarkers and dietary intake, nutritional status, disease variables, and medication used. Methods A total of 31 10- to 19-year-old female adolescents with JSLE for at least six months were analyzed. The participants were randomly allocated to two groups: nutritional intervention or control. The intervention group received verbal and printed nutritional instructions once per month over nine months. Before and after the intervention, the participants underwent assessments of anthropometry; dietary intake; physical activity; socioeconomic status; total cholesterol and fractions; triglycerides; apolipoprotein A (Apo A-I); apolipoprotein B (Apo B); paraoxonase (PON) activity (a) and amount (q); myeloperoxidase (MPO); and small, dense LDL-c (sdLDL) particles. Results After nine months, we found significant reductions in the calorie, carbohydrate, total fat, saturated fat, and trans fat intakes in the intervention compared with the control group over time. The PONa/HDL-c ratio increased by 3.18 U/ml/mg/dl in the intervention group and by 0.63 U/ml/mg/dl in the control group ( p = 0.037). Unlike the intervention group, the sdLDL levels of the control group worsened over time ( p = 0.018). Conclusion The present study detected a reduction in calorie and fat intake, which indicates an improvement of HDL-c function and possible protection against cardiovascular risk for the intervention group.
A Comparative Study of Entrepreneurship Incidence among Inventors in National Laboratories
Authors: Kassicieh Suleiman K. , Radosevich Raymond , Umbarger John 
Published: January 2018

Although the commercialization of public-sector technology is a primary federal strategy for improving the international competitiveness of U.S. industry, the potential role of spin-off entrepreneurship in this strategy is poorly understood. Inventors from three large national laboratories are compared to each other and to spin-off entrepreneurs from the same laboratories. A 1992 survey gathered data on personal characteristics, attitudes, and perceptions of situational variables from 213 inventors and 24 spin-off entrepreneurs. This paper identifies differences among the laboratories as well as differences between each of the laboratories and the entrepreneurs that have started ventures from inventions discovered at these laboratories. These differences should be used to identify areas of change that are needed to increase the number of inventions that are spun-off from the laboratories. These changes include affecting the inventors' entrepreneurial attitudes and perceptions of key situational variables.
Minimally Invasive Distal Metatarsal Metaphyseal Osteotomy (DMMO) of the Fifth Metatarsal for Bunionette Correction
Authors: Teoh Kar Hao , Hariharan Kartik 
Published: January 2018

Background: Different osteotomies have been proposed for the treatment of bunionette deformity. Minimally invasive surgery is now increasingly popular for a variety of forefoot conditions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome following fifth minimally invasive distal metatarsal metaphyseal osteotomy (DMMO) for bunionette deformity. Methods: Nineteen patients (21 feet) who had symptomatic bunionette deformity and failed conservative treatment between 2014 and 2016 were included in this retrospective study. Clinical data were recorded, and pre- and postoperative Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) scores and visual analog scale (VAS) pain score were collected. The mean follow-up was 28 months (range, 12-47). Results: The mean MOXFQ summary index score decreased from 71 (range, 59-81) preoperatively to 10 (range, 0-30) postoperatively. All 3 MOXFQ domains also improved. The average improvement in VAS score was 7. Forefoot swelling and some painful symptoms took an average of 3 months to settle. There were no wound or nerve complications. One patient required a dorsal cheilectomy for a symptomatic prominent dorsolateral callus formation. Conclusion: The minimally invasive fifth DMMO for bunionette deformity was a safe and effective technique. It had relatively few complications and led to good clinical results. We believe it is important to warn patients that the forefoot swelling will take months to settle compared to an osteotomy with fixation, and there is a 10% chance of a prominent callus over the osteotomy site. Level of Evidence: Level IV, retrospective case series.
Modified Dorsal Approach in the Management of Lisfranc Injuries
Authors: Philpott Andrew , Lawford Callum , Lau Simon C. , Chambers Simon , Bozin Michael , Oppy Andrew 
Published: January 2018

Background: Open reduction and internal fixation of Lisfranc injuries has typically used multiple longitudinal incisions or a single transverse incision to approach the tarso-metatarsal joint (TMTJ). The incidence of wound-related complications is considerable. We describe a novel single-incision approach that utilizes subcutaneous windows to the medial TMTJ. Methods: A retrospective review identified 150 patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for Lisfranc injuries, via the modified dorsal approach, at our center between January 2011 and June 2016. Removal of hardware (ROH) was routinely undertaken in 105 patients at a median of 210 days postoperatively. Medical records were reviewed to record patient demographics, mechanism of injury, and operative details. Outpatient notes were reviewed to identify wound-related complications, including delayed wound healing, superficial infection, wound dehiscence, deep infection, complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), neuroma, and impaired sensation. Median age was 37 years (range, 19-78 years). Seventy-three percent of patients (110) were male. Most frequent mechanisms of injury were motor vehicle accident (MVA), 39%; motorbike accident (MBA), 19%; and fall, 18%. Sixteen percent (24) of injuries were open. Five patients required soft tissue reconstruction at the primary operation. Median follow-up was 144 (range, 27-306) weeks. Results: Following the primary procedure, 14% of patients experienced wound-related complications including delayed healing (3%), superficial infection (5%), dehiscence (3%), complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) (1%), and impaired sensation (1%). MBA injuries were at 15.1 times odds of superficial infection ( P =.01) than were MVA injuries. Following ROH, 13% of patients experienced wound-related complications, including delayed healing (2%), superficial infection (8%), dehiscence (1%), CRPS (2%), and neuroma (1%). Overall, 5 patients returned to surgery for soft tissue reconstruction for wound dehiscence. Conclusion: The modified dorsal approach using intervals to the midfoot offers a viable alternative with comparable wound complication rates to existing midfoot approaches. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Efficacy of Empirical Therapy With Combined Ciprofloxacin Versus Topical Drops Alone in Patients With Tubotympanic Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial
Authors: Onali Maisam Abbas , Bareeqa Syeda Beenish , Zia Sadaf , Ahmed Syed Ijlal , Owais Asneha , Ahmad Ahmad Nawaz 
Published: January 2018

Background: One of the prevailing otologic infections in our country is chronic suppurative otitis media, especially the tubotympanic type for which various treatment protocols are followed. Usually, oral and topical antibiotics (mainly quinolones) are given alone or in combination. There is a lack of consensus as to whether topical drops alone are effective or a combined oral and systemic therapy should be prescribed. In our study, we have attempted to observe the efficacy of empirical therapy with combined ciprofloxacin versus topical drops only in patients with tubotympanic chronic suppurative otitis media for control of infection. Methodology: A total of 100 patients visiting the outpatient ENT department at our tertiary care hospital with clinically diagnosed chronic suppurative otitis media (tubotympanic type) were enrolled in our study. The study was reviewed and accepted by the ethical review committee. A detailed proforma was filled for all patients. All patients after aural toilet were subjected randomly to one of the 2 treatment methods, ie, topical ciprofloxacin ear drops plus an oral placebo or combined oral and topical ciprofloxacin. These patients were reviewed after 1 week of treatment. Results: It was observed that 48 of 50 (96%) patients responded to treatment in the group receiving topical ciprofloxacin, whereas 49 of 50 (98%) patients responded in the group receiving combined therapy. This difference was not significant. Moreover, age, sex, and duration of discharge did not have any effect on treatment. There were minimal side effects in both groups, which were also not significant and disappeared after discontinuation of treatment. Conclusions: The results of this study show that topical ciprofloxacin drops were as effective as combined oral and topical ciprofloxacin and that the addition of oral drug did not have any beneficial effect and added only to the cost of treatment.
A Pilot Study Validating Select Research-Grade and Consumer-Based Wearables Throughout a Range of Dynamic Exercise Intensities in Persons With and Without Type 1 Diabetes: A Novel Approach
Authors: Yavelberg Loren , Zaharieva Dessi , Cinar Ali , Riddell Michael C. , Jamnik Veronica 
Published: January 2018

Background: The increasing popularity of wearable technology necessitates the evaluation of their accuracy to differentiate physical activity (PA) intensities. These devices may play an integral role in customizing PA interventions for primary prevention and secondary management of chronic diseases. For example, in persons with type 1 diabetes (T1D), PA greatly affects glucose concentrations depending on the intensity, mode (ie, aerobic, anaerobic, mixed), and duration. This variability in glucose responses underscores the importance of implementing dependable wearable technology in emerging avenues such as artificial pancreas systems. Methods: Participants completed three 40-minute, dynamic non-steady-state exercise sessions, while outfitted with multiple research (Fitmate, Metria, Bioharness) and consumer (Garmin, Fitbit) grade wearables. The data were extracted according to the devices’ maximum sensitivity (eg, breath by breath, beat to beat, or minute time stamps) and averaged into minute-by-minute data. The variables of interest, heart rate (HR), breathing frequency, and energy expenditure (EE), were compared to validated criterion measures. Results: Compared to deriving EE by laboratory indirect calorimetry standard, the Metria activity patch overestimates EE during light-to-moderate PA intensities (L-MI) and moderate-to-vigorous PA intensities (M-VI) (mean ± SD) (0.28 ± 1.62 kilocalories· minute-1, P < .001, 0.64 ± 1.65 kilocalories· minute-1, P < .001, respectively). The Metria underestimates EE during vigorous-to-maximal PA intensity (V-MI) (–1.78 ± 2.77 kilocalories · minute-1, P < .001). Similarly, compared to Polar HR monitor, the Bioharness underestimates HR at L-MI (–1 ± 8 bpm, P < .001) and M-VI (5 ± 11 bpm, P < .001), respectively. A significant difference in EE was observed for the Garmin device, compared to the Fitmate ( P < .001) during continuous L-MI activity. Conclusions: Overall, our study demonstrates that current research-grade wearable technologies operate within a ~10% error for both HR and EE during a wide range of dynamic exercise intensities. This level of accuracy for emerging research-grade instruments is considered both clinically and practically acceptable for research-based or consumer use. In conclusion, research-grade wearable technology that uses EE kilocalories · minute-1 and HR reliably differentiates PA intensities.