bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sweet Hyperopia: Refractive Changes in Acute Hyperglycemia
Authors: Tai M.-C. , Lin S.-Y. , Chen J.-T. , Liang C.-M. , Chou P.-I. , Lu D.-W. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose A prospective study was performed to evaluate refractive and ocular biometric changes in acute hyperglycemic status in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods From January to August 2002, 48 eyes of 24 patients with persistent diabetes and a plasma glucose level 17 mmol/L or HbA1c 10.0% on admission were enrolled in this prospective study. Upon admission to Tri-Service General Hospital in Taipei, Taiwan, these patients underwent intensive glycemic control. The basic ophthalmic examinations, including visual acuity, intraocular pressure measurement, slit lamp, and fundus examinations, were conducted. The ocular parameters including refraction, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, axial length, mean keratometry and thinnest corneal thickness were evaluated by A-mode scan and Orbscan II. Each patient underwent clinical follow-up visits at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after the acute hyperglycemic episode. Results Of the 24 patients, 18 were male and 6 were female. The mean age of the patients was 55 years (range: 38 to 69). Comparing the refractive status on admission and at week 4, the authors found that 8 cases (16 eyes, 33%) showed hyperopia during hyperglycemia (+1.9±0.8 D), but in the other 16 cases (32 eyes, 67%), there were no significant changes. In addition, there were also no significant changes in anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, axial length, thinnest corneal thickness, or mean keratometry in the follow-up period. Conclusions Transitory hyperglycemia produces hyperopia. The alteration in refractive index in the lens may contribute to the hyperopic change, but no change of ocular biometrics in lens or cornea is observed.
Relationship between Short Wavelength Perimetry and Central Corneal Thickness Values in Ocular Hypertensive Subjects
Authors: Dadaci Z. , Bozkurt B. , Irkeç M.T. , Orhan M. , Arslan U. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the results of short wavelength perimetry (SWAP) of ocular hypertensive (OHT) patients and correlate these findings with central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements. Methods Thirty-seven OHT patients with a mean age of 50.2±8.2 (SD) years and 30 control subjects with a mean age of 50.3±8.5 (SD) years were included in this study. A questionnaire was applied to patients to evaluate the demographic risk factors that may predict glaucoma development. After a detailed ophthalmologic examination, achromatic and short wavelength perimetries and ultrasonic pachymetry were performed and the results were compared between the two groups with Student t test and Mann-Whitney U test. A p value <0.05 is considered as statistically significant. Results Mean CCT was higher in the OHT group (right eye; 558.13±28.39 μm and left eye; 558.94±27.30μm) when compared with the control subjects (524.66±30.53 μm and 525.86±30.46 μm, respectively) (p<0.01). A significant positive correlation was found between CCT measurements and intraocular pressure (r=0.5, p<0.001). Four right eyes (10.8%) and five left eyes (13.5%) of OHT patients had defects in SWAP. OHT patients with SWAP abnormalities had significantly lower CCT measurements in right (527.25±17.34 μm) and left eye (528.80±13.60 μm) when compared with OHT patients without SWAP defects (561.87±27.29 μm and 563.65±25.92 μm, respectively) (p<0.05). Significant correlations were found between CCT and SWAP MD, PSD, and CPSD (p<0.05). Conclusions OHT patients with SWAP abnormalities had significantly lower CCT measurements than those without. CCT is considered as a risk factor for the development of glaucomatous damage in OHT patients.
Antiproliferative Effect of 4-Thiouridylate on OCM-1 Uveal Melanoma Cells
Authors: Kemény-Beke Á. , Berényi E. , Facskó A. , Damjanovich J. , Horváth A. , Bodnár A. , Berta A. , Aradi J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Brachytherapy is a well-established, effective treatment for uveal melanoma with a failure rate of 15%. The fatal consequence of unsuccessful treatments offers reason for improvement of the method. The authors propose using an apoptosis inducing agent locally, concomitantly with the well-established therapy, to sensitize the tumor cells. The authors propose a new nontoxic moderately active apoptosis inducing agent, 4-thio-uridylate (s4UMP), for this purpose. Methods OCM-1 uveal melanoma cells were treated with various concentrations of s4UMP and its effect was monitored by measuring the cell viability (MTT assay). The following apoptosis detecting methods were performed to reveal the mechanism of decreased cell viability: light microscopy, DNA fragmentation assay, determination of caspase 9 activity, and FACS analysis. Results The viability of uveal melanoma cells was decreased by 32%, 40%, and 9% after 24, 48, and 72 hours of treatment with 10 μg/mL (30 μM) S4UMP. The effect was not dose dependent; it rather followed a saturation-type inhibition and the cells at lower drug concentration recovered after 72 hours. Characteristic apoptotic cell morphology and DNA fragmentation was detected in treated cells. The caspase-9 was activated upon treatment showing maximal activity at 48 hours suggesting the induction of apoptosis. The annexin binding activity further verified the apoptogenic activity of s4UMP. Conclusions Uveal melanoma, more than other solid tumors, is resistant to most of the chemotherapeutic protocols as indicated by the high mortality rate of metastatic disease. The authors showed that s4UMP, a naturally occurring nucleotide, could induce apoptosis in uveal melanoma cells, suggesting a potential supplementary therapeutic application of the compound.
Is There any Relationship between Photodynamic Therapy for Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Choroidal Neovascularization Recurrence? A Rationale for Combined Treatments
Authors: Piermarocchi S. , Sartore M. , Lo Giudice G. , Monterosso G. , Pilotto E. , Segato T. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is the treatment of choice for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration (ARMD). Interpretation of PDT mechanism of action is not yet fully understood and causes of CNV recurrences are unclear. The authors have conducted a retrospective analysis of fluorescein and indocyanine green angiographies in patients treated with multiple PDT in order to identify risk factors for recurrence. Methods A total of 342 eyes of 342 patients (207 women and 135 men) with ARMD and subfoveal CNV were treated with at least two PDT. Angiographic (fluorescein and indocyanine green) features of recurrences were confronted to pretreatment examinations in all patients. RESULTS. Post-PDT angiographies showed in all eyes a dark circle corresponding to the laser spot even 1 year after treatment. Persistence or progressive regrowth of CNV developed in an area adjacent or corresponding to the original lesion, without any specific relationship with the location of fluorescein and indocyanine green late leakage or with presence of abnormal fluorescence due to pigment abnormalities. At the 3-month angiographic follow-up, 23 patients (6.7%) showed a recurrent CNV resembling shape and dimension of the laser spot used for the PDT treatment. Conclusions The authors failed to identify angiographic signs helpful to predict the risk of CNV persistence or recurrence. PDT leaves minor but persistent changes in the choroidal vasculature within the treatment area. In some cases, the recurrent CNV seems to be related to the laser spot of the PDT.
Optical Coherence Tomography Evaluation of Macular Edema after Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide in Patients with Parafoveal Telangiectasis
Authors: Cakir M. , Kapran Z. , Basar D. , Utine C.A. , Eroglu F. , Perente I. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Parafoveal telangiectasis (PT) is a developmental or acquired microvascular abnormality of the macula. Leakage of the abnormal parafoveal capillaries leads to macular edema with subsequent decrease in visual acuity. Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide is recently widely used in the management of intraocular proliferative, edematous, and neovascular diseases. Methods This report presents the evaluation of three cases with PT in whom intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) injection was performed. Fundus fluorescein angiography (FA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were used in follow-up of the patients. Results Following pars plana intravitreal injection of 4 mg of triamcinolone acetonide, the patients had angiographic improvement of the macular edema and minimal decrease in retinal thickness on OCT, accompanied by improvement in visual acuity and subjective visual assessment. Conclusions The results of the present study on parafoveal capillary telangiectasis suggest that the intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide may be a therapeutic option to increase visual acuity and decrease vascular leakage on FA. Following IVTA procedure, follow-up of these patients with both OCT and FA is important for correct clinical evaluation. Future studies on this method seem to be warranted.
Vascular Shunt of the Optic Disc Resembling Neovascularization in a Diabetic patient with Optic Disc Drusen
Authors: Karagiannis D.A. , Sampat V. , Gregor Z. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report an insulin-dependent diabetic patient who was referred by the diabetic screening clinic as having proliferative diabetic retinopathy and was found to have bilateral optic disc drusen with optociliary shunt resembling neovascularization on the disc. Methods Complete ocular evaluation including a fluorescein angiography was performed. Results Fundus examination showed signs of mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in the right eye and the presence of well-defined optic disc drusen in both eyes with a peculiar vascular abnormality resembling neovascularization on the right disc. The central retinal vein pulsation was normal on digital examination. Autofluorescence confirmed the presence of the optic disc drusen in both eyes. Fluorescein angiography showed no leakage from the optociliary shunt. The vascular abnormality has remained stable for 2 years. Conclusions This case highlights the correlation of optic disc drusen and optociliary shunts which in diabetic patients can be misdiagnosed as neovascularization.
New Frontiers for the Perioperative Data Method for IOL Calculation following Corneal Refractive Surgeries
Authors: Hamdi I.M. , Artola A. , Alió J.L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the efficiency of the perioperative data method for intraocular lens (IOL) calculation after correction of myopia and hyperopia with different techniques, including reoperated cases. Methods Thirty-five eyes (26 patients) that developed cataract after corneal refractive procedures were evaluated retrospectively They were categorized according to initial error of refraction into myopes and hyperopes and according to types of refractive procedures into ablative, incisional, both, or others. Reoperated cases were also considered. Number of refractive procedures was noted. Time interval between the first procedure and cataract extraction was indicated. Perioperative method was used to calculate the K value. SRK/T formula was used to calculate IOL power. Difference between intended and finally achieved manifest refraction was an indicator for efficiency of the calculation. Results Postoperatively, 77.2% of cases had manifest refraction ±1.5 D of intended refraction. There was no difference between myopes and hyperopes in terms of final manifest refraction, best-corrected visual acuity, and difference between intended and finally achieved manifest refraction. Similarly were groups of different types of surgeries. Efficiency of the method decreased with high axial lengths and low IOL powers. Neither the number of refractive surgeries nor time interval between surgeries affected efficiency of the method. Conclusions The perioperative data method is equally effective for myopes and hyperopes. The types, numbers of refractive procedures, as well as the time interval between refractive surgery and cataract extraction do not alter the credibility of the method. In high degrees of myopia, the method gives less accurate results.
Long-Term Visual Outcomes of Vitrectomy for Cystoid Macular Edema Due to Nonischemic Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Furukawa M. , Kumagai K. , Ogino N. , Uemura A. , Larson E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the long-term surgical outcome of vitrectomy for cystoid macular edema due to nonischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) Methods A retrospective chart review of 25 consecutive eyes (25 patients) with cystoid macular edema due to nonischemic CRVO treated with vitrectomy was performed. All patients underwent a pars plana vitrectomy with the creation of a posterior vitreous detachment if still attached. Simultaneous phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation was also performed in phakic eyes. The main outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and changes in macular edema shown by contact-lens biomicroscopy. The mean follow-up time was 49 months (range, 16–108). Results The median BCVA before surgery was 0.31 and the median BCVA at last follow-up was 0.67. The BCVA at the last follow-up improved at least two Snellen lines in 17 (68%), remained unchanged in 4 (16%), and worsened in 4 (16%). The BCVA was 20/40 or better in 3 eyes (12%) preoperatively and in 18 eyes (72%) at the last follow-up. During the follow-up, four patients progressed to ischemic CRVO; one of them had neovascular glaucoma requiring surgical intervention. Conclusions The data indicate that vitrectomy appears to be a possibly effective treatment in some eyes with cystoid macular edema associated with nonischemic CRVO.
Long-Term Outcome after Conservative Treatment of Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Carta A. , Ferrigno L. , Leaci R. , Kosmarikou A. , Zola E. , Gomarasca S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report the long-term outcome of patients with indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) which showed useful vision for a short period after trauma. Methods A cohort of 12 TON patients treated with steroids megadose immediately after trauma was followed every 6 months for an overall period of 5 years. Other than a full neuro-ophthalmologic examination, each visit included quantitative Goldmann perimetry and pattern reversal visual evoked potentials. The results of each examination were compared with the visual function at baseline. The main outcome measures were visual acuity and visual field. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. A p value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results All patients showed a stable visual function 5 years after optic nerve trauma. There was no difference in visual acuity levels (p=0.65) and no visual field surface area between the visit at baseline and the last follow-up. However, a significant improvement in visual field extension (p=0.036) was observed after perimetry evaluation. Conclusions This cohort of patients clearly demonstrates that the residual visual function found in the short term after TON is maintained for at least 5 years. These findings add further important clinical information for patients with TON. Furthermore, these data may be helpful to better quantify morbidity related to optic nerve trauma and its permanent sequelae.
Iris Melanocytoma Mimicking the Cogan-Reese Syndrome with Monocular Pigment Dissemination
Authors: Gutiérrez-Ortiz C. , Pareja J. , Bolívar G. , Cedazo M.T , Busteros J.I. , Teus M.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of iris melanocytoma mimicking the Cogan-Reese syndrome. Methods A 37-year-old woman presented with pigmentary glaucoma in her left eye. There was diffuse pigmentary dispersion in the anterior segment, pedunculated pigmented nodules on the anterior iris surface, mild iris atrophy, and ectropion iridis. Neither intrinsic vasculature nor a sector cataract was found. The angle was open with marked trabecular pigmentation and no anterior synechiae. The intraocular pressure was 30 mm Hg with maximum medical treatment and there was glaucomatous optic atrophy. The differential diagnosis included iris pigmented tumor and iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (Cogan-Reese syndrome). An iris biopsy was performed for diagnostic purposes. Results Histologic diagnosis after evaluation of the specimen was iris melanocytoma. Conclusions This case presents signs considered quasi-pathognomonic of iridocorneal endothelial syndrome (Cogan-Reese syndrome): glaucoma, mild iris atrophy associated with pedunculated iris nodules, and ectropion iridis. Therefore, iris melanocytoma can present with features that mimic the Cogan-Reese syndrome.
Continuous Full-Time Occlusion of the Sound Eye Vs Full-Time Occlusion of the Sound Eye Periodically Alternating with Occlusion of the Amblyopic Eye in Treatment of Amblyopia: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Stanković B. , Milenković S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare continuous full-time (24 hours per day) occlusion of the sound eye with full-time occlusion (24 hours per day) of the sound eye 1 day more than the years of age periodically alternating with occlusion of the amblyopic eye for 1 day, as treatments for profound strabismic amblyopia in children older than 5 years. Methods A total of 53 patients with visual acuity (VA) of 0.4 and less in the amblyopic eye (tested by crowded Landolt Cs) after previously being provided optimal optical correction were randomly assigned to receive either of the two patching regimens. VA and pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (PVEP) were recorded prospectively at 1-month intervals. Improvement in VA and the reduction in crowding difficulties (CD) were the main outcome measures of the treatment efficiency. Results Both treatment modalities were equally effective. Of the 51 subjects who completed the study, 21 (41.2%) were cured whereas 32 (62.7%) attained satisfactory improvement. Recovery of VA was related to age, with cure being obtained in 23.5% (4/17) and satisfactory improvement in 52.9% (9/17) of patients older than 9 years. Larger gain in VA influenced the stability of the vision over time. Conclusions It can be concluded that in clinically monitored parameters both treatment modalities were equally effective without any statistical or clinical significance in the observed groups of patients. However, events like the “trade-off” effect, occurrence of occlusion amblyopia, or prolongation of PVEP latency of the sound eye indicate that full-time continuous occlusion possibly presents a more effective form of treatment. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 11–9)
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Lens Opacities in the Elderly in Cuenca, Spain
Authors: Navarro esteban J.J. , Gutiérrez leiva J.A. , Valero caracena N. , Buendía bermejo J. , Calle purón M.E. , Martínez vizcaíno V.J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To estimate the prevalence of lens opacities in a group of elderly people and evaluate their relation with diverse risk factors. Methods Cross-sectional observational study of the cohort of all persons over the age of 64 years from an urban area and a rural nucleus of the province of Cuenca, Spain. Information on sociodemographic parameters and smoking was compiled using a structured questionnaire. A physical examination was made in which weight, height, and waist circumference were measured, and an ophthalmologic examination was made of visual acuity and lens opacities. Cataracts were classified using the method of the WHO cataract group. Results The study included 1155 subjects out of 1435 elderly persons who were invited to participate (response rate 80.5%). The prevalence of cataract in men was 69.2% and in women, 65.5% (p>0.05). The percentage of persons with aphakia/pseudophakia was 17.8% in men and 17.5% in women (p>0.05). In a logistic regression model, age, obesity of more than 35 kg/m2, and low educational level were associated with the presence of cataract or aphakia/pseudophakia. Conclusions The prevalence of cataract in people over 64 years is similar to that of other countries, but the prevalence of subjects with previous surgery for cataracts is the highest reported in the literature. Age, body mass index of more than 35 kg/m2, and low educational level were associated with the probability of having cataracts or undergoing surgery for cataracts. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 29–37)
Intraocular Lymphoma Metastasis from Larynx
Authors: Iwase T. , Sugiyama K. , Takahira M. , Uchiyama A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To present a rare case of primary larynx diffuse large B cell lymphoma non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), disseminated to the cerebellum and the intraocular tissue. Methods A 69-year-old man noticed blurred vision in both eyes. The vitreous contained infiltrating cells bilaterally, and floating opacities were increased. We performed vitrectomy to recover the vision and diagnose for both eyes. Results The authors discovered diffuse large B cell NHL with cytopathologic examination from vitreous specimen in this case, which was identical with diffuse large B cell NHL of the larynx and cerebellum, and therefore could diagnose the intraocular lesion as the metastasis of NHL. Although the vision improved, the patient had remarkable visual disturbance in both eyes at 6 months after surgery because of the chorioretinal lesion. The authors treated by the combined curative chemotherapy and radiotherapy to ocular tissue, since providing sufficient evidence that the chorioretinal lesion was to predict the metastasis of diffuse large B cell NHL. After those treatments, chorioretinal lesions have disappeared in both eyes and the vision has recovered. Conclusions Increased attention to the possibility of dissemination of laryngeal NHL to the intraocular tissue is needed. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 133–5)
A Comparison of the Effect of Carbomer-, Cellulose-, and Mineral Oil-Based Artificial Tear Formulations
Authors: Wang I.-J. , Lin I.-C. , Hou Y.-C. , Hu F.-R. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the efficacy, safety, and local tolerance between carbomer-based artificial tears, cellulose-, and mineral oil-based artificial tears. Methods A randomized, open-label, parallel-group comparative 28-day study was designed for 67 patients who were randomized into three treatment groups. Measurements included the scoring of total subjective symptoms and objective signs, Schirmer-Jones test values, and tear break-up time (BUT) at baseline, and after 2 and 4 weeks of treatment. Safety of study treatment was also assessed. Outcomes measured at baseline and 2 and 4 weeks follow-up included the scoring of total subjective symptoms and objective signs, Schirmer-Jones test values, and tear BUT, subjective assessments, and safety. Results There were no differences regarding total scores, Schirmer-Jones test, or tear BUT at baseline among these three groups at 2 and 4 weeks. Patients in all three treatment groups experienced a significant improvement from baseline in total scores and Schirmer-Jones test values after treatment. Subjective assessment was better with carbomer-based treatment. Conclusions Each artificial tear formulation successfully relieved symptoms and signs of keratoconjunctivitis sicca. The tolerance of carbomer-based artificial tears was comparable to that of cellulose- and mineral oil-based artificial tears. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2007; 17: 151–9)