bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in bioactive compounds and their relationship to antioxidant activity in white sufu during manufacturing
Authors: Cai Ruo‐chun , Li Li , Yang Mei , Cheung Hon‐Yeung , Fu Liang 
Published: May 2016

SummaryIn this article, samples of white sufu were collected at different manufacture stages and their content of water‐soluble protein (WSP) and amino nitrogen (AN); the distribution of peptides in WSP and isoflavones, as well as the antioxidant activities, was analysed. Results indicated that the peptides with molecular weight of 500–1000 Da increased 13.09 times from 0.11 to 1.44 g 100 g−1 dry matter (DM) during the whole manufacturing, while isoflavone glucosides were almost entirely converted to aglycones after ripening for 15 days. Ferric reducing power (FRAP) and 2,2′‐azinobis‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid radical scavenging activity (ABTS RSA) were significantly increased by 2.80‐ and 1.60‐fold, respectively. Correlation analysis suggested that ABTS RSA was significantly related to WSP (especially for the 500–1000 Da peptides; P < 0.01) and the content of aglycones (P < 0.05), while FRAP was only correlated to WSP (P < 0.05). It is concluded the peptides were the most important components contributing to the antioxidant activities of sufu.
Strategies to reduce the use of seclusion with tāngata whai i te ora (Māori mental health service users)
Authors: Wharewera‐Mika Julie, PhD , Cooper Erana, PhD , Wiki Nick, RN , Field Trudie, RN , Haitana Jason , Toko Mike , Edwards Erika , McKenna Brian, RN, BA, MHSc, PhD 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMāori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, have the highest crude population‐based rate of seclusion events reported internationally (McLeod et al. ). This qualitative study explored Māori clinical, cultural and consumer perspectives on potential strategies and initiatives considered likely to facilitate prevention of, and reduction in, the use of seclusion, with tāngata whai i te ora (Māori mental health service users) in mental health inpatient services.A hui (gathering) over 2 days was held with 16 Māori participants with high levels of clinical, cultural and consumer expertise. The gathering was taped and the tapes transcribed. A thematic analysis of the hui data generated three key categories: Te Ao Māori (access to a Māori worldview); Te Ao Hurihuri (transforming practice); and Rangatiratanga (leadership, power, and control).The findings of this study align with the “six core strategies” for best practice to reduce the use of seclusion (Huckshorn ). A comprehensive approach to the reduction of the use of seclusion with tāngata whai i te ora is required, which is clearly based on a Māori model of care and a vision for transformation of practice in mental health inpatient services, which involves Māori leadership.
Difficulties encountered by hospitalized Syrian refugees and their expectations from nurses
Authors: Sevinç S. , Kılıç S.P. , Ajghif M. , Öztürk M.H. , Karadağ E. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundTreating patients with care and respecting their cultural values are key factors necessary to enhance the quality of nursing care.AimThe objective of this study was to explore and describe the difficulties experienced by hospitalized Syrian refugees and their expectations from nurses and hospital administration.MethodsWe used a descriptive qualitative research approach to engage 30 Syrian refugees undergoing treatment in internal medicine who met the study criteria. Data were collected using a descriptive questionnaire and a semi‐structured interview with open‐ended interview questions. Interview transcripts were analysed using an inductive coding approach. Descriptive questions were analysed and presented via number and percentage. Other data were assessed using content analysis methods.ResultsThree major themes were developed following the analysis of the interviews. We determined that the refugees who participated in the study experienced difficulties in communicating, meeting their personal needs and correctly following treatment instructions. They also had certain expectations from the hospital administration and nurses, and they felt gratitude for both nurses and the nation of Turkey.ConclusionsThe results of this study, shared with the executive administration of the hospital, may result in new policies which will help new Syrian refugee patients and patients with similar needs to have better experience related to patient care, communications and meeting personal needs.Implication for nursing and health policyIt is important that nurses and other healthcare provider consider the difficulties and expectations of refugees regarding healthcare services and include same in the development of provider training programmes. Development of public health welfare and employment law and policies help to lay the groundwork for successful integration of refugees in new cultures and countries.
Forced air warming to maintain normoTHERMIa during SEDation in the cardiac catheterization laboratory: protocol for the THERMISED pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Conway Aaron , Duff Jed 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo determine whether applying forced air warming attenuates the impact of sedation‐induced impairment of thermoregulation on body temperature of patients who are sedated during interventional procedures in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.BackgroundA moderate proportion of sedated patients who undergo procedures in the cardiac catheterization laboratory with only passive warming become hypothermic. Hypothermia in the surgical population is associated with increased risk of adverse cardiac events, infections, thrombotic and haemorrhagic complications and prolonged hospital stay. For this reason, investigation of the clinical benefits of preventing hypothermia in sedated patients using active warming is required.DesignRandomized controlled trial.MethodsA total of 140 participants undergoing elective interventional procedures with sedation in a cardiac catheterization laboratory will be recruited from two hospitals in Australia. Participants will be randomized to receive forced air warming (active warming) or usual care (passive warming with heated cotton blankets) throughout procedures. The primary outcome is hypothermia (defined as temperature less than 36°C) at the conclusion of the procedure. Secondary outcomes are postprocedure temperature, postprocedural shivering, thermal discomfort, major complications, disability‐free survival to 30 days postprocedure, cost‐effectiveness and feasibility of conducting a larger clinical trial.DiscussionThe results from this study will provide high‐level evidence for practice in an area where there is currently no guidance. Findings will be easily translatable into clinical practice because most hospitals already have forced air warming equipment available for use during general anaesthesia.Registration number: ACTRN12616000013460.
Effects of work–family–school role conflicts and role‐related social support on burnout in Registered Nurses: a structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Goong Hwasoo , Xu Lijuan , Li Chun‐yu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo examine the effects of work–family–school role conflicts and role‐related social support (RRSS) on burnout of nurses pursuing an advanced degree.DesignA predictive correlational cross‐sectional study design was used.BackgroundNurses were found to be a high‐risk group for burnout, even more so among nurses pursuing an advanced degree. When nurses with a professional career marry and decide to become students, inter‐role conflicts and burnout are possible outcomes of the resulting multiple roles.MethodsUsing convenience sampling, data were collected from October 2011–May 2012. A questionnaire about work–family–school role conflicts, RRSS, burnout and general information was completed by 286 nurses pursuing an advanced degree at 12 hospitals in Korea. Data were analysed using SPSS and structural equation modelling with the Analysis of Moment Structures program.ResultsThe proposed model provided a good fit to the obtained data. Work–family–school role conflicts and social support exerted significant effects on burnout. Role‐related social support was found to play a partial mediating role between work–family–school role conflicts and burnout.ConclusionThe findings of this study imply that RRSS significantly directly and indirectly influences burnout among the nurses pursuing an advanced degree. It is necessary for nursing managers to consider implementing family‐ and school‐friendly policies (e.g. flexible work schedules) to help nurses to manage their multiple roles and thereby decrease their burnout rate.
Secondary traumatic stress in the emergency department
Authors: Morrison Lindy E. , Joy Jane P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate the prevalence of secondary traumatic stress among Emergency nurses in the West of Scotland and explore their experiences of this.BackgroundUnexpected death, trauma and violence are regular occurrences that contribute to the stressful environment nurses working in the Emergency department experience. A potential consequence of repeated exposure to such stressors can be referred to as secondary traumatic stress.DesignTriangulation of methods of data collection, using two distinct phases:

Phase 1 – quantitative
Phase 2 – qualitative
MethodsQuantitative data were collated via postal questionnaire, from a convenience sample of Emergency nurses. Qualitative data were subsequently collated from a focus group constituting of a random sample of these Emergency nurses. Descriptive statistics were computed and thematic analysis conducted. All data were collated during February 2013.Results/findings75% of the sampled Emergency nurses reported at least one secondary traumatic stress symptom in the last week. Participants said that acute occupational stressors such as resuscitation and death were the influencing factors towards this. Strategies such as formal debriefing and social support were cited as beneficial tools for the management of secondary traumatic stress; however, barriers such as time and experience were found to inhibit their common use.ConclusionSecondary traumatic stress is a prevalent phenomenon among Emergency nurses in the West of Scotland and if not managed appropriately, could represent a significant barrier to the mental health of this group and their capacity to provide quality care.
Systematic methodological review: developing a framework for a qualitative semi‐structured interview guide
Authors: Kallio Hanna , Pietilä Anna‐Maija , Johnson Martin , Kangasniemi Mari 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo produce a framework for the development of a qualitative semi‐structured interview guide.BackgroundRigorous data collection procedures fundamentally influence the results of studies. The semi‐structured interview is a common data collection method, but methodological research on the development of a semi‐structured interview guide is sparse.DesignSystematic methodological review.Data sourcesWe searched PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science for methodological papers on semi‐structured interview guides from October 2004–September 2014. Having examined 2,703 titles and abstracts and 21 full texts, we finally selected 10 papers.Review methodsWe analysed the data using the qualitative content analysis method.ResultsOur analysis resulted in new synthesized knowledge on the development of a semi‐structured interview guide, including five phases: (1) identifying the prerequisites for using semi‐structured interviews; (2) retrieving and using previous knowledge; (3) formulating the preliminary semi‐structured interview guide; (4) pilot testing the guide; and (5) presenting the complete semi‐structured interview guide.ConclusionRigorous development of a qualitative semi‐structured interview guide contributes to the objectivity and trustworthiness of studies and makes the results more plausible. Researchers should consider using this five‐step process to develop a semi‐structured interview guide and justify the decisions made during it.
Inhibition of Rac1 reduces store overload‐induced calcium release and protects against ventricular arrhythmia
Authors: Zhang Lili , Lu Xiangru , Gui Le , Wu Yan , Sims Stephen M. , Wang Guoping , Feng Qingping 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRac1 is a small GTPase and plays key roles in multiple cellular processes including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, whether Rac1 activation during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) contributes to arrhythmogenesis is not fully understood. We aimed to study the effects of Rac1 inhibition on store overload‐induced Ca2+ release (SOICR) and ventricular arrhythmia during myocardial I/R. Adult Rac1f/f and cardiac‐specific Rac1 knockdown (Rac1ckd) mice were subjected to myocardial I/R and their electrocardiograms (ECGs) were monitored for ventricular arrhythmia. Myocardial Rac1 activity was increased and ventricular arrhythmia was induced during I/R in Rac1f/f mice. Remarkably, I/R‐induced ventricular arrhythmia was significantly decreased in Rac1ckd compared to Rac1f/f mice. Furthermore, treatment with Rac1 inhibitor NSC23766 decreased I/R‐induced ventricular arrhythmia. Ca2+ imaging analysis showed that in response to a 6 mM external Ca2+ concentration challenge, SOICR was induced with characteristic spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ waves in Rac1f/f cardiomyocytes. Notably, SOICR was diminished by pharmacological and genetic inhibition of Rac1 in adult cardiomyocytes. Moreover, I/R‐induced ROS production and ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) oxidation were significantly inhibited in the myocardium of Rac1ckd mice. We conclude that Rac1 activation induces ventricular arrhythmia during myocardial I/R. Inhibition of Rac1 suppresses SOICR and protects against ventricular arrhythmia. Blockade of Rac1 activation may represent a new paradigm for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia in ischaemic heart disease.
High neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio is associated with increased carotid artery intima‐media thickness in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Li Xueqin , Shen Jun , Lu Zhenghong , Chen Min , Fang Xiaozheng , Wang Gongcheng 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionEmerging evidence suggests that the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a novel potential marker of inflammatory responses. The objective was to evaluate the association between NLR and carotid artery intima‐media thickness (cIMT) in type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a case–control study involving 320 patients with type 2 diabetes, and 250 age‐, sex‐ and body mass index‐matched healthy controls who all underwent carotid ultrasonography and took a blood examination. We divided the diabetes patients into two groups according to cIMT: 188 diabetes patients with high cIMT and 132 diabetes patients with low cIMT, and compared baseline characteristics and NLR between the two groups and healthy controls.ResultsThe mean NLR was significantly higher in the group of diabetes patients with high cIMT than the group of diabetes patients with low cIMT, who in turn showed a significantly higher NLR compared with control participants. Logistic regression analysis showed that the NLR was an independent risk factor for diabetes patients with high cIMT (odds ratio 140.89, 95% CI 1.71–11615.30, P = 0.028). Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, use of the NLR as an indicator for diabetes patients with high cIMT diagnosis was projected to be 3.16, and yielded a sensitivity and specificity of 36.2% and 93.2%, respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.606 (95% CI 0.544–0.667).ConclusionsHigh NLR might be a potential biomarker for the increased cIMT in type 2 diabetes patients. Future studies are required to validate our findings.
Pyoverdin cheats fail to invade bacterial populations in stationary phase
Authors: Ghoul M. , West S. A. , McCorkell F. A. , Lee Z.‐B. , Bruce J. B. , Griffin A. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMicrobes engage in cooperative behaviours by producing and secreting public goods, the benefits of which are shared among cells, and are therefore susceptible to exploitation by nonproducing cheats. In nature, bacteria are not typically colonizing sterile, rich environments in contrast to laboratory experiments, which involve inoculating sterile culture with few bacterial cells that then race to fill the available niche. Here, we study the potential implications of this difference, using the production of pyoverdin, an iron‐scavenging siderophore that acts as a public good in the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We show that (1) nonproducers are able to invade cultures of producers when added at the start of growth or during early exponential growth phase, but not during late exponential or stationary phase; (2) the producer strain does not produce pyoverdin in the late exponential and stationary phases and so is not paying the cost of cooperating during those phases. These results suggest that whether a nonproducing mutant can invade will depend upon when the mutation arises, as well as the population structure, and raise a potential difficulty with the use of antimicrobial treatment strategies that propose to exploit the invasive abilities of cheats.
Microsatellite analysis revealed a different approach of control of olive fly population (Bactrocera oleae) in Slovenia
Authors: Knap T. , Bandelj D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleaeGmelin) is the most important olive pest in the north‐eastern Adriatic coast region. Despite the importance of olive production in the region, and the significance of the olive fruit fly, no information with respect to genetic diversity, population structure or dispersion patterns of this pest is available. The aims of this study were to investigate the genetic structure of the olive fly population in the Slovenian Istria region using microsatellite markers to determine olive fruit fly migration between locations and to establish an appropriate and effective strategy for controlling the pest population. Analysis was performed on a sample of 117 flies, collected from attacked olive fruits at three different locations. Olive fruit flies were genotyped using eight microsatellite loci. Sixty‐six alleles were identified over all microsatellite loci with an average of 8.25 alleles per locus. The population structure was determined with methods based on Bayesian principles using theBAPS6.0 andSTRUCTURE2.3 programs. Genetic analysis confirmed unlimited migration and random mating between individuals of different microlocations, which suggests time‐coordinated first treatment in the region would be the best solution.
Multiyear Survey of Coccidia, Cryptosporidia, Microsporidia, Histomona, and Hematozoa in Wild Quail in the Rolling Plains Ecoregion of Texas and Oklahoma, USA
Authors: Xiang Lixin , Guo Fengguang , Yu Yonglan , Parson Lacy S. , LaCoste Lloyd , Gibson Anna , Presley Steve M. , Peterson Markus , Craig Thomas M. , Rollins Dale , Fedynich Alan M. , Zhu Guan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe developed nested PCR protocols and performed a multiyear survey on the prevalence of several protozoan parasites in wild northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) and scaled quail (Callipepla squamata) in the Rolling Plains ecoregion of Texas and Oklahoma (i.e. fecal pellets, bird intestines and blood smears collected between 2010 and 2013). Coccidia, cryptosporidia, and microsporidia were detected in 46.2%, 11.7%, and 44.0% of the samples (n = 687), whereas histomona and hematozoa were undetected. Coccidia consisted of one major and two minor Eimeria species. Cryptosporidia were represented by a major unknown Cryptosporidium species and Cryptosporidium baileyi. Detected microsporidia species were highly diverse, in which only 11% were native avian parasites including Encephalitozoon hellem and Encephalitozoon cuniculi, whereas 33% were closely related to species from insects (e.g. Antonospora, Liebermannia, and Sporanauta). This survey suggests that coccidia infections are a significant risk factor in the health of wild quail while cryptosporidia and microsporidia may be much less significant than coccidiosis. In addition, the presence of E. hellem and E. cuniculi (known to cause opportunistic infections in humans) suggests that wild quail could serve as a reservoir for human microsporidian pathogens, and individuals with compromised or weakened immunity should probably take precautions while directly handling wild quail.
Inverted Oligo‐Miocene metamorphism in the Lesser Himalaya Sequence, Arunachal Pradesh, India; age and grade relationships
Authors: Clarke G. L. , Bhowmik S. K. , Ireland T. R. , Aitchison J. C. , Chapman S. L. , Kent L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Lesser Himalaya sequence in the Siyom Valley, eastern Arunachal Pradesh, exposes a telescoped and inverted greenschist–upper amphibolite facies sequence over ~20 km, tectonically overlain by an upright (grade decreasing upward) granulite to lower amphibolite facies sequence over ~30 km. Such grade relationships would normally attribute the boundary to a Main Central Thrust (MCT) structure, and predict a change from underlying Lesser Himalaya Sequence (LHS) to Greater Himalaya Sequence rocks across the boundary. However, all pelitic and psammitic samples have similar detrital‐zircon age spectra, involving c. 2500, 1750–1500, 1200 and 1000 Ma Gondwanan populations correlated with the LHS. Isograds are broadly parallel to a penetrative NW‐dipping S2 foliation, developed contemporaneously with the inversion. Garnet growth in garnet, staurolite and kyanite‐zone schists beneath the thrust commenced at >8 kbar and ≈550 °C, before syn‐ to post‐S2 heating of staurolite and kyanite‐zone rocks to ≈640 °C at ≈8.5 kbar, most probably at c. 18.5 Ma. Kyanite‐rutile‐garnet migmatite immediately above the thrust records peak conditions of ≈10 kbar and ≈750 °C and c. 21.5 Ma monazite ages. Slip on a SE‐propagating thrust was likely contemporaneous with early Miocene metamorphism, based on the distribution of structure, metamorphic textures, and overlap of age relationships. It is inferred to have initially controlled the uplift of granulite to mid‐crustal levels between 22 and 19 Ma, thermal relaxation within a disrupted LHS metamorphic profile inducing a post‐S2 thermal peak in lower grade footwall rocks.