bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rate, correlates and outcomes of repeat pregnancy in HIV‐infected women
Authors: Floridia M , Tamburrini E , Masuelli G , Martinelli P , Spinillo A , Liuzzi G , Vimercati A , Alberico S , Maccabruni A , Pinnetti C , Frisina V , Dalzero S , Ravizza M ,   The Italian Group for Surveillance of Antiretroviral Treatment in Pregnancy
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the rate, determinants, and outcomes of repeat pregnancies in women with HIV infection.MethodsData from a national study of pregnant women with HIV infection were used. Main outcomes were preterm delivery, low birth weight, CD4 cell count and HIV plasma viral load.ResultsThe rate of repeat pregnancy among 3007 women was 16.2%. Women with a repeat pregnancy were on average younger than those with a single pregnancy (median age 30 vs. 33 years, respectively), more recently diagnosed with HIV infection (median time since diagnosis 25 vs. 51 months, respectively), and more frequently of foreign origin [odds ratio (OR) 1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10–1.68], diagnosed with HIV infection in the current pregnancy (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.35–2.11), and at their first pregnancy (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.06–1.66). In women with sequential pregnancies, compared with the first pregnancy, several outcomes showed a significant improvement in the second pregnancy, with a higher rate of antiretroviral treatment at conception (39.0 vs. 65.4%, respectively), better median maternal weight at the start of pregnancy (60 vs. 61 kg, respectively), a higher rate of end‐of‐pregnancy undetectable HIV RNA (60.7 vs. 71.6%, respectively), a higher median birth weight (2815 vs. 2885 g, respectively), lower rates of preterm delivery (23.0 vs. 17.7%, respectively) and of low birth weight (23.4 vs. 15.4%, respectively), and a higher median CD4 cell count (+47 cells/μL), with almost no clinical progression to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stage C (CDC‐C) HIV disease (0.3%). The second pregnancy was significantly more likely to end in voluntary termination than the first pregnancy (11.4 vs. 6.1%, respectively).ConclusionsYounger and foreign women were more likely to have a repeat pregnancy; in women with sequential pregnancies, the second pregnancy was characterized by a significant improvement in several outcomes, suggesting that women with HIV infection who desire multiple children may proceed safely and confidently with subsequent pregnancies.
Transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal complex mechanisms of reproductive diapause in the two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae
Authors: Zhao J.‐Y. , Zhao X.‐T. , Sun J.‐T. , Zou L.‐F. , Yang S.‐X. , Han X. , Zhu W.‐C. , Yin Q. , Hong X.‐Y. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAlthough a variety of factors underlying diapause have been identified in arthropods and other organisms, the molecular mechanisms regulating diapause are still largely unknown. Here, to better understand this process, we examined diapause‐associated genes in the two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, by comparing the transcriptomes and proteomes of early diapausing and reproductive adult females. Amongst genes underlying diapause revealed by the transcriptomic and proteomic data sets, we described the noticeable change in Ca2+‐associated genes, including 65 Ca2+‐binding protein genes and 23 Ca2+ transporter genes, indicating that Ca2+ signalling has a substantial role in diapause regulation. Other interesting changes in diapause included up‐regulation of (1) glutamate receptors that may be involved in synaptic plasticity changes, (2) genes involved in cytoskeletal reorganization including genes encoding each of the components of thick and thin filaments, tubulin and members of integrin signalling and (3) genes involved in anaerobic energy metabolism, which reflects a shift to anaerobic energy metabolism in early diapausing mites.
A piezomicrobalance system for high‐temperature mass relaxation characterization of metal oxides: A case study of Pr‐doped ceria
Authors: Simons Philipp , Ji Ho‐Il , Davenport Timothy C. , Haile Sossina M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA system for mass relaxation studies based on a gallium phosphate piezocrystal microbalance has been developed, built, and successfully used to characterize a representative mixed ionic and electronic conducting material. The apparatus is constructed to achieve reactor gas exchange times as short as 2 seconds and temporal resolution in mass measurement of 0.1 seconds. These characteristics enabled evaluation of mass relaxations that occurred on the 6 seconds time scale. Proof of concept for materials characterization capabilities of the system was carried out using 10% praseodymium‐doped cerium oxide (PCO), a material that undergoes, at selected temperatures and oxygen partial pressures, changes in mass but not in conductivity. Thin films were deposited on the piezocrystals via pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Mass relaxation curves were collected at 700°C upon application of a small step change in oxygen partial pressure, . Using two different films, the surface reaction constant, kS, was obtained over the range from 10−4 to 0.1 atm. Its value is found to vary between 9.7 × 10−6 and 1.7 × 10−4 cm/s, displaying a power law dependence on , with a law exponent of 0.67 ± 0.02, as averaged over the two sets of results. This steep dependence of kS on is surprisingly independent of a change in dominant defect type within the range of measurement.
Phase transformation and interface segregation behavior in Si3N4 ceramics sintered with La2O3–Lu2O3 mixed additive
Authors: Urakami Ryosuke , Sato Yukio , Ogushi Masayoshi , Nishiyama Takeshi , Goto Aoi , Yamada Kazuhiro , Teranishi Ryo , Kaneko Kenji , Kitayama Mikito 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMicrostructure and mechanical property of silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramic are strongly dependent on the selection of sintering additives. When rare‐earth (RE) oxide is used as the sintering additive, segregation of RE ions at interface between Si3N4 grain and intergranular glassy film (IGF) is believed to play a critical role. Although the ionic radius of RE ion is known to be an empirical parameter to modify the mechanical property, the correlation between the segregated ions and their ionic radii is still under controversy. In order to address this issue, (i) rate of α‐β phase transformation and (ii) segregation behavior at the interface were studied for Si3N4 ceramics sintered using mixture of La2O3 and Lu2O3 as additives in this study. Specimens of Lu content 30% and higher exhibited lower activation energies for the α‐β phase transformation as compared with those of Lu content 20% and lower. In terms of the segregation behavior, La was preferably segregated at one site and Lu at the other site along β‐Si3N4/IGF interface in the specimens of Lu content 30% and higher. It is understood from these results that Lu segregation site should be more closely related with grain growth.
Conceptualizing and Treating Social Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Focus Group Study with Multidisciplinary Professionals
Authors: Spain Debbie , Rumball Freya , O'Neill Lucy , Sin Jacqueline , Prunty Jonathan , Happé Francesca 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundIndividuals who have autism spectrum disorders (ASD) commonly experience social anxiety (SA). Disentangling SA symptoms from core ASD characteristics is complex, partly due to diagnostic overshadowing and co‐occurring alexithymia. Causal and maintaining mechanisms for SA in ASD are underexplored, but it is feasible that there is an ASD specificity to the clinical presentation, with implications for the development of targeted treatments.MethodsFive focus groups were conducted with multidisciplinary professionals to investigate their perspectives about, and approaches to, working with individuals with ASD and SA. Data were analysed thematically.ResultsData analysis revealed two overarching themes: conceptualizing SA in ASD and service provision. Our results suggest that adaptations to service provision are pertinent, so as to accommodate inherent impairments that can mediate assessment and intervention.ConclusionsFuture studies should establish how aspects of the care pathway can be improved for individuals with ASD and SA.
Leveraging Social Capital of Individuals with Intellectual Disabilities through Participation on Facebook
Authors: Shpigelman Carmit‐Noa 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundParticipation in social networking sites has considerable potential to leverage the individual's social capital, including persons with intellectual disabilities, whose real‐world social networks are fairly limited.MethodThis study aimed to understand how individuals with intellectual disabilities use Facebook to access social capital benefits, if at all. Qualitative interviews and observations were conducted with 20 adult Facebook users with intellectual disabilities.ResultsThe online participation enhanced their bonding social capital as well as contributed to their psychological well‐being through increasing their online visibility, popularity and sense of belonging. At the same time, they experienced stress and frustration due to usage difficulties, which prevented them from enhancing their bridging social capital.ConclusionsParticipation in social networking sites may also leverage bridging social capital of persons with intellectual disabilities, but they need a more accessible platform and ongoing support to ensure safe and fruitful participation.
Clonal structure in Ichthyobacterium seriolicida, the causative agent of bacterial haemolytic jaundice in yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, inferred from molecular epidemiological analysis
Authors: Matsuyama T , Fukuda Y , Sakai T , Tanimoto N , Nakanishi M , Nakamura Y , Takano T , Nakayasu C 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBacterial haemolytic jaundice caused by Ichthyobacterium seriolicida has been responsible for mortality in farmed yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata, in western Japan since the 1980s. In this study, polymorphic analysis of I. seriolicida was performed using three molecular methods: amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multiple‐locus variable‐number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). Twenty‐eight isolates were analysed using AFLP, while 31 isolates were examined by MLST and MLVA. No polymorphisms were identified by AFLP analysis using EcoRI and MseI, or by MLST of internal fragments of eight housekeeping genes. However, MLVA revealed variation in repeat numbers of three elements, allowing separation of the isolates into 16 sequence types. The unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages cluster analysis of the MLVA data identified four major clusters, and all isolates belonged to clonal complexes. It is likely that I. seriolicida populations share a common ancestor, which may be a recently introduced strain.
Effect of curcumin on the expression of p53, transforming growth factor‐β, and inducible nitric oxide synthase in oral submucous fibrosis: A pilot study
Authors: Gupta Shikha , Ghosh Sujoy , Gupta Sunita , Sakhuja Puja 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThe purpose of the present study was to find out the expression of p53, transforming growth factor‐β TGF‐β), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), proteins implicated in its pathophysiology, as well as malignant transformation. We also sought to determine the effect of curcumin on the expression of these markers through immunohistochemistry.MethodsThe expression of p53, TGF‐β, and iNOS was evaluated through immunohistochemistry in 28 patients with OSMF before and after treatment with curcumin. Expression was evaluated semiquantitatively using a four‐point scale based on the percentage of cells showing positive staining.ResultsThe expression of p53, TGF‐β, and iNOS in OSMF was found to be statistically significant (P<.05). After therapy with curcumin, a decrease in the expression of p53, TGF‐β, and iNOS was seen in 25%, 32.1%, and 32.1% of the samples, respectively; however, the difference in pretreatment and post‐treatment expressions was not found to be statistically significant.ConclusionThe present finding suggest that curcumin could have an effect on the expression of p53, iNOS, and TGF‐β in OSMF, and thus, could prove to be an effective chemopreventive agent for its management. The increased expression of p53, TGF‐β, and iNOS in OSMF is suggestive of the role of these markers in its pathophysiology.
Temporomandibular joint findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and primary Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Yıldızer Keriş Elif , Yaman Sis Darendeliler , Demirağ Mehmet Derya , Haznedaroğlu Şeminur 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients.MethodsThe present study consisted of 79 individuals with various rheumatic disease (study group: 39 with RA, 17 with AS, 23 with pSS) and 79 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls (control group). Subjective symptoms of the TMJ were recorded by means of a questionnaire. And stomatognathic examination was then performed.ResultsThe prevalence of subjective symptoms in patients with rheumatic disease (73.4%) were significantly higher than that of the controls (22.8%; P<.05). The most common objective symptoms were pain during lateral TMJ palpation (29.1% of patients overall, 8.9% of controls) and mandibular movements (19% of patients overall, 2.5% of controls), and muscle pain during palpation (38% of patients overall, 3.8% of controls). They were significantly higher in all of the rheumatic patients than the controls (P<.05). There was not a statistically‐significant difference in the values for mandibular movements between the study and control groups (P>.05, Mann‐Whitney U test).ConclusionsTMJ symptoms were observed to be higher in the patients with RA, AS and pSS than the control group. Dentists and rheumatologists should be aware of TMJ symptoms in patients with rheumatic diseases.
Inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase augments astrocyte release of vascular endothelial growth factor and neuronal recovery after oxygen‐glucose deprivation
Authors: Zhang Yue , Hong Gina , Lee Kin Sing Stephen , Hammock Bruce D. , Gebremedhin Debebe , Harder David R. , Koehler Raymond C. , Sapirstein Adam 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEpoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are synthesized in astrocytes, and inhibitors of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which hydrolyzes EETs, reduce infarct volume in ischemic stroke. Astrocytes can release protective neurotrophic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We found that addition of sEH inhibitors to rat cultured astrocytes immediately after oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) markedly increased VEGF concentration in the medium 48 h later and the effect was blocked by an EET antagonist. The sEH inhibitors increased EET concentrations to levels capable of increasing VEGF. When the sEH inhibitors were removed from the medium at 48 h, the increase in VEGF persisted for an additional 48 h. Neurons exposed to OGD and subsequently to astrocyte medium previously conditioned with OGD plus sEH inhibitors showed increased phosphorylation of their VEGF receptor‐2, less TUNEL staining, and increased phosphorylation of Akt, which was blocked by a VEGF receptor‐2 antagonist. Our findings indicate that sEH inhibitors, applied to cultured astrocytes after an ischemia‐like insult, can increase VEGF secretion. The released VEGF then enhances Akt‐enabled cell survival signaling in neurons through activation of VEGF receptor‐2 leading to less neuronal cell death. These results suggest a new strategy by which astrocytes can be leveraged to support neuroprotection.
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The care network of the families involved in violence against children and adolescents: the Primary Health Care perspective
Authors: Carlos Diene Monique , de Pádua Elisabete Matallo Marchesini , da Silva Lygia Maria Pereira , Silva Marta Angélica Iossi , Marques Walter Ernesto Ude , Leitão Maria Neto da Cruz , Ferriani Maria das Graças Carvalho 
Published: December 2016

Aims and objectivesTo contribute the understanding of the network care provided to families involved in family violence against children and adolescents (FVACA), from the Primary Health Care (PHC) perspective.BackgroundChildren and adolescents figure among the main victims of violence around the world, which occurs predominantly in the family context. PHC‐guided network care has emerged as a new process that contrasts with traditional approaches, which rely on fragmented, punctual and compensatory actions and produce simplified and segmented interventions in response to complex phenomena like violence. The Paradigm of Complexity interacts with the network care approach and, by articulating the multiple dimensions of the research phenomenon, contributes to its understanding.DesignQualitative research, based on the Paradigm of Complexity.MethodsData were collected through minimal maps of the external institutional social network, focus groups and semi‐structured interviews held with 41 PHC professionals in Brazil. The notions of comprehension and contextualisation as well as dialogical, recursive and holographic principles from complexity theory guided the data analysis.ResultsThe two thematic categories that emerged revealed reduced institutional networks, with low‐density and homogeneous bonds, which resulted in fragmented care in all stages of the care process.ConclusionsAlthough the network organisation of care for the families involved in FVACA is fundamental, the construction of these networks still represents a great challenge, as it requires the joint work of a multiprofessional team.Relevance to clinical practiceFor nursing to respond to the contemporary care demands in a contemplative and pertinent manner, a perspective and a reference framework need to be developed, leading to broader and more contextualised actions, with a multidimensional approach to the families and communities of which child and adolescent victims of violence are a part.
A REVIEW OF THE RECENT LITERATURE ON THE INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF THE LONG‐RUN PERFORMANCE OF NATIONS
Authors: Lloyd Peter , Lee Cassey 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper reviews the recent (post‐2000) literature that assesses the importance of institutions as a factor determining cross‐country differences in growth rates or in the contemporary level of “prosperity.” It first sketches how institutional economics has evolved. It then examines critically the methods of analysis employed in the recent literature. The paper finds that this literature has made a major contribution to the analysis of the causes of economic growth but the relative importance of institutions as a determinant of long‐run growth and prosperity is still a wide open question.
Neuroimaging Findings in Pediatric Genetic Skeletal Disorders: A Review
Authors: Wagner Matthias W. , Poretti Andrea , Benson Jane E. , Huisman Thierry A. G. M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTGenetic skeletal disorders (GSDs) are a heterogeneous group characterized by an intrinsic abnormality in growth and (re‐)modeling of cartilage and bone. A large subgroup of GSDs has additional involvement of other structures/organs beside the skeleton, such as the central nervous system (CNS). CNS abnormalities have an important role in long‐term prognosis of children with GSDs and should consequently not be missed. Sensitive and specific identification of CNS lesions while evaluating a child with a GSD requires a detailed knowledge of the possible associated CNS abnormalities. Here, we provide a pattern‐recognition approach for neuroimaging findings in GSDs guided by the obvious skeletal manifestations of GSD. In particular, we summarize which CNS findings should be ruled out with each GSD. The diseases (n= 180) are classified based on the skeletal involvement (1. abnormal metaphysis or epiphysis, 2. abnormal size/number of bones, 3. abnormal shape of bones and joints, and 4. abnormal dynamic or structural changes). For each disease, skeletal involvement was defined in accordance with Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. Morphological CNS involvement has been described based on extensive literature search. Selected examples will be shown based on prevalence of the diseases and significance of the CNS involvement. CNS involvement is common in GSDs. A wide spectrum of morphological abnormalities is associated with GSDs. Early diagnosis of CNS involvement is important in the management of children with GSDs. This pattern‐recognition approach aims to assist and guide physicians in the diagnostic work‐up of CNS involvement in children with GSDs and their management.
Sleep disturbance and depressive affect in patients treated with haemodialysis
Authors: Maung Stephanie , Sara Ammar El , Cohen Danielle , Chapman Cherylle , Saggi Subodh , Cukor Daniel 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYBackgroundSleep disorders and depression are prevalent conditions in patients with end‐stage kidney disease. These co‐morbidities have significant overlap and compounded morbidity and mortality burden. This overlap presents challenges to optimal clinical assessment and treatment. The goal of this study was to assess the prevalence of sleep disturbance in patients on maintenance haemodialysis, and to assess the impact of depressive affect.ObjectivesThis was a single‐site, single group, cross‐sectional study of 69 English‐speaking patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. Self‐reported assessments included those of sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), daytime sleepiness (Epworth's Sleepiness Scale), a dialysis‐specific sleep questionnaire, and standard laboratory values. No objective sleep information was collected.MethodAll participants were well dialysed, and represented all four daily shifts. Fifty‐eight per cent reported clinically significant sleep difficulty, with elevated yet sub‐threshold daytime sleepiness. Mean depressive affect was also elevated, yet sub‐diagnostic and was positively correlated with increased age.ResultsParticipants scoring above the diagnostic threshold for depression had significantly more disturbed sleep quality, more daytime sleepiness and had more problems sleeping due to restless leg syndrome than people with minimal depressive affect.ConclusionPoor sleep quality is prevalent in patients on maintenance haemodialysis, and is associated with increased daytime sleepiness. Depression further compounds this relationship, and is significantly associated with increased daytime sleepiness and restless leg syndrome.