bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Free Speech: A Right for Good – and for Trouble‐Making?
Authors: Parens Henri 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFree Speech, intended to permit citizens of any community to publicly express dissent in order to influence, even change governance for the good of society has also given license to some members of society to insult, attack and harm others within and outside one's own society. This key element of human rights, “the freedom of speech” can and has been subject to corruption and used to attack those with whom, our ideology is in disaccord. The Janus Dilemma has it that “free speech” yields words of guidance and human good; but also words of attack and of wounding that stir human conflict.
Combining ex situ and in situ methods to improve water quality testing for the conservation of aquatic species
Authors: Pollard Carla J. , Stockwell Michelle P. , Bower Deborah S. , Clulow John , Mahony Michael J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Determining whether water quality is suitable is an important part of managing aquatic species for conservation, although it is often challenging to achieve. Past approaches have largely consisted of tests exposing individuals to artificial solutions, or field studies that examine the effect of a subset of water quality parameters on the distribution or abundance of a species.
Owing to the complex nature of water chemistry in natural systems, which is difficult to replicate using laboratory studies or to capture entirely with correlational field studies, these types of study may not be suitable for determining accurately whether or not water quality at a particular site is suitable for a target species. In situations where conservation outcomes rely heavily on achieving this, an alternative approach is therefore needed.
Embryos of the threatened green and golden bell frog Litoria aurea were placed in water collected from ponds that were used by this species for breeding and ponds where breeding was not detected at Sydney Olympic Park, Australia. After 19 days, the tadpoles were placed in enclosures in the same breeding and non‐breeding ponds, and monitored until they metamorphosed.
There was no difference in tadpole survival, time to metamorphosis or body condition between the two treatments, indicating that poor water quality was not a cause of low pond occupancy by tadpoles at the site and resources should be directed towards investigating other potential causes.
We suggest that this method of an ex situ followed by an in situ exposure study is an effective approach to eliminating or confirming poor water quality as a cause of population declines and reduced occupancy, for species that are aquatic for at least part of their life cycle. Other applications include establishing that artificially created habitat provides suitable water chemistry, or identifying a potential location for a reintroduction project.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing Intense Blue and Magenta Colors in α‐LiZnBO3: The Role of 3d‐Metal Substitution and Coordination
Authors: Tamilarasan S. , Reddy M. L. P. , Natarajan S. , Gopalakrishnan J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe describe the synthesis, crystal structures, and optical absorption spectra/colors of 3d‐transition‐metal‐substituted α‐LiZnBO3 derivatives: α‐LiZn1−xMIIxBO3 (MII=CoII (0<x<0.50), NiII (0<x≤0.05), CuII (0<x≤0.10)) and α‐Li1+xZn1−2xMIIIxBO3 (MIII=MnIII (0<x≤0.10), FeIII (0<x≤0.25)). The crystal structure of the host α‐LiZnBO3, which is both disordered and distorted with respect to Li and Zn occupancies and coordination geometries, is largely retained in the derivatives, which gives rise to unique colors (blue for CoII, magenta for NiII, violet for CuII) that could be of significance for the development of new, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly pigment materials, particularly in the case of the blue pigments.Accordingly, this work identifies distorted tetrahedral MO4 (M=Co, Ni, Cu) structural units, with a long M−O bond that results in trigonal bipyramidal geometry, as new chromophores for blue, magenta, and violet colors in a α‐LiZnBO3 host. From the L*a*b* color coordinates, we found that Co‐substituted compounds have an intense blue color that is stronger than that of CoAl2O4 and YIn0.90Mn0.10O3. The near‐infrared (NIR) reflectance spectral studies indicate that these compounds exhibit a moderate IR reflectivity that could be significant for applications as “cool pigments”.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Benzannulation of N‐Pivaloylanilines with Internal Alkynes through Dual C−H Bond Activation: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Naphthalenes
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Yu Xiaoqiang , Feng Xiujuan , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Arumugam Natarajan , Kumar Raju Suresh , Bao Ming 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn efficient method was developed for the synthesis of highly substituted naphthalenes through rhodium‐catalyzed oxidative benzannulation of N‐pivaloylanilines with internal alkynes. The benzannulation reaction proceeded smoothly through dual C−H bond activation to produce the corresponding highly substituted naphthalene products in satisfactory to good yields.
Achieving Pure Deep‐Blue Electroluminescence with CIE y≤0.06 via a Rational Design Approach for Highly Efficient Non‐Doped Solution‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Reddy Saripally Sudhaker , Sree Vijaya Gopalan , Cho Woosum , Jin Sung‐Ho 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDeep‐blue fluorescent emitters with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) y≤0.06 are urgently needed for high‐density storage, full‐color displays and solid‐state lighting. However, developing such emitters with high color purity and efficiency in solution‐processable non‐doped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) remains an important challenge. Here, we present the synthesis of two new deep‐blue fluorescent emitters (AFpTPI and AFmTPI) based on 10‐(9,9‐diethyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine as a core and 1,3‐ and/or 1,4‐phenylene‐linked triphenylimidazole (TPI) analogues for non‐doped solution‐processable OLEDs. Their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and device characteristics are explored, and also strongly supported by density functional theory (DFT) study. AFpTPI and AFmTPI exhibit excellent thermal stability (≈450 °C) with high glass transition temperatures (Tg; 141–152 °C) and deep‐blue emission with high quantum yields. Specifically, the solution‐processed non‐doped device with AFpTPI as an emitter exhibits a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.56 % with CIE coordinates of (0.15, 0.06), which exactly matches the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) blue standard. In addition, AFmTPI also displays good efficiency and better color purity (EQE: 3.37 %; CIE (0.15, 0.05)). To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first report on non‐doped solution‐processable OLEDs with efficiency close to 5 % and CIE y≤0.06.
Metoprolol decreases the plasma exposure of metformin via the induction of liver, kidney and muscle uptake in rats
Authors: Ma Yan‐rong , Shi A‐xi , Qin Hong‐yan , Zhang Tiffany , Wu Yan‐fang , Zhang Guo‐qiang , Wu Xin‐an 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDrug interactions are one of the commonest causes of side effects, particularly in long‐term therapy. The aim of the current study was to investigate the possible effects of metoprolol on the pharmacokinetics of metformin in rats and to clarify the mechanism of drug interaction. In this study, rats were treated with metformin alone or in combination with metoprolol. Plasma, urine and tissue concentrations of metformin were determined by HPLC. Western blotting and real‐time qPCR were used to evaluate the expression of rOCTs and rMATE1. The results showed that, after single or 7‐day repeated administration, the plasma concentrations of metformin in the co‐administration group were significantly decreased compared with that in the metformin group. However, the parameter V/F of metformin in the co‐administration group was markedly increased compared with that in the metformin group. The hepatic, renal and muscular Kp of metformin were markedly elevated after co‐administration with metoprolol. Consistently, metformin uptake in rat kidney slices was significantly induced by metoprolol. In addition, multiple administrations of metoprolol significantly reduced the expression of rMATE1 in rat kidney as well as the urinary excretion of metformin. Importantly, after long‐term administration, lactic acid and uric acid levels in the co‐administration group were increased by 25% and 26%, respectively, compared with that in the metformin group. These results indicate that metoprolol can decrease the plasma concentration of metformin via the induction of hepatic, renal and muscular uptake, and long‐term co‐administration of metformin and metoprolol can cause elevated lactic acid and uric acid levels. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protecting Triazabutadienes To Afford Acid Resistance
Authors: Guzman Lindsay E. , Kimani Flora W. , Jewett John C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRecent work on triazabutadienes has shown that they have the ability to release aryl diazonium ions under exceptionally mild acidic conditions. There are instances that require that this release be prevented or minimized. Accordingly, a base‐labile protection strategy for the triazabutadiene is presented. It affords enhanced synthetic and practical utility of the triazabutadiene. The effects of steric and electronic factors in the rate of removal are discussed, and the triazabutadiene protection is shown to be compatible with the traditional acid‐labile protection strategy used in solid phase peptide synthesis.
Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19A meningitis in well‐vaccinated immunocompetent 13‐month‐old child: a case of PCV13 failure
Authors: Kayemba‐Kay's Simon , Badran Abdul Monem , Lagneaux Cécile , Kovacs Tamas , Heron Anne 
Published: September 2016

Key Clinical MessageWe report a 13‐month‐old immune‐competent male child who was diagnosed with pneumococcal serotype 19A meningitis despite having received three PCV13 injections. Clinicians are reminded that bacterial meningitis can still occur, even in correctly vaccinated children. Investigations should include immune system screening along with abdominal ultrasound to exclude asplenia.
Cavernous hemangioma of the right atrium
Authors: Contrafouris Constantinos , Kanakis Meletios , Milonakis Michael , Azariadis Prodromos , Chatzis Andrew 
Published: September 2016

Key Clinical MessageA 42‐year‐old woman was diagnosed during the 3rd month of pregnancy with a large right atrial tumor. Three weeks after successful completion of a full‐term pregnancy, she was admitted and underwent surgical removal of the tumor. Postoperative course was uneventful and pathology showed cavernous hemangioma. These neoplasms should be removed in order to prevent severe arrhythmias as also potential malignant transformation.
A rare cause of acute abdomen: spontaneous dissection of the superior mesenteric artery
Authors: Ansari Mohammad Jamal Uddin , Patel Nikunjkumar , Tulpule Sunil , Sen Shuvendu , Yousif Abdalla 
Published: September 2016

Key Clinical MessageSpontaneous superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection is a rare, but potentially fatal disease. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of SMA dissections result in a lower prevalence of intestinal infarction and mortality. In the current era, imaging techniques can promptly diagnose SMA dissection; however, no definitive guidelines have been established to treat this condition.
Chromium‐Based Ethylene Tetramerization Catalysts Supported by Silicon‐Bridged Diphosphine Ligands: Further Combination of High Activity and Selectivity
Authors: Zhang Le , Meng Xuejiao , Chen Yanhui , Cao Chengang , Jiang Tao 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA series of silicon‐bridged diphosphine (SBDP) ligands were synthesized and characterized. The Cr precatalyst supported by bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)dimethylsilane achieved a high activity of 4.2×106 g (molCr h)−1 and a high selectivity of 78.44 % towards valuable 1‐octene by using methylcyclohexane as the solvent at an ethylene pressure of 4.0 MPa and 45 °C. An intramolecular β‐H transfer mechanism was proposed to explain the unequal molar proportions of cyclic C6 byproducts. The crystal structure data of two complexes proved that the SBDP system with a wide P−Cr−P bite angle could also exhibit superior performance in the tetramerization of ethylene.
Studies on the Electrochemical Stability of Preferentially (100)‐Oriented Pt Prepared through Three Different Methods
Authors: Liu Zhi , Ma Chao , Liu Jie , Chen Xu , Song Zhishuang , Hu Wenbin , Zhong Cheng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe electrochemical stability of the Pt(100) surface is investigated by electrochemical methods and morphological and structural characterization. Preferentially (100)‐oriented Pt is prepared by three different methods: use of water‐in‐oil microemulsions, electrodeposition and electrochemical faceting. The loss of the Pt(100) sites particularly the wide (100) surface domains during the potential cycling is confirmed by the hydrogen‐desorption profile in H2SO4 solution, the decreasing specific activity for ammonia electro‐oxidation and the decreasing proportion of Pt(100) sites as characterized by irreversible Ge adsorption. This is consistent with TEM observations that show that the well‐defined cubic Pt nanocubes change to a polycrystalline structure, whereas the sharp tips of electrodeposited Pt nanoparticles become rounded/blunt or disappear after 300 potential cycles. Noticeably, the bulk Pt disk electrode treated by electrochemical faceting exhibits a much higher electrochemical stability compared to preferentially (100)‐oriented Pt nanoparticles. The high electrochemical stability is probably related to its preparation procedure, which involves high‐frequency selective electrodissolution/electrodeposition of Pt atoms coupled to the periodic adsorption/desorption of oxygen‐containing species and hydrogen adatoms.
Optimized Lithium Recovery from Brines by using an Electrochemical Ion‐Pumping Process Based on λ‐MnO2 and Nickel Hexacyanoferrate
Authors: Trócoli Rafael , Erinmwingbovo Collins , La Mantia Fabio 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCurrently, Li is mainly produced from Li‐rich brines through the lime–soda evaporation process, which requires a long time and several purification steps, and has a severe environmental impact. Herein, ion‐pumping technology based on λ‐MnO2 as lithium‐capturing electrode is presented. The method has high lithium selectivity and can increase the lithium purity from 4.1 to 96 % in a single step. In addition, the time required to achieve the target lithium concentration (5000 ppm) can be reduced from the 12–14 months needed for the lime–soda evaporation process to less than 7.4 h. The small volume of water required, the absence of any chemical reactant, the recyclability of the used electrodes, and the possibility to combine ion‐pumping technology with renewable energy sources makes this process a potential ecofriendly alternative to the current lithium‐recovery methods.
Nanoscale Measurements of Lithium‐Ion‐Battery Materials using Scanning Probe Techniques
Authors: Danis Laurence , Gateman Samantha M , Kuss Christian , Schougaard Steen B. , Mauzeroll Janine 
Published: September 2016

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art scanning probe microscopy (SPM) methods as applied to energy conversion and storage devices, specifically lithium‐ion batteries, are reviewed with an emphasis on the electroactive elements. The unique ability of SPM‐based methods to provide localized information has proven highly valuable for the in‐depth understanding of the fundamental mechanisms, processes, and degradation of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). As such, SPM analysis is poised to play a strong role in the competition for new higher performing LIBs, especially given the unprecedented choice and availability of SPM techniques tailored to provide physical and chemical information at the nanoscale.
Cationic Platinum(II) σ‐SiH Complexes in Carbon Dioxide Hydrosilation
Authors: Ríos Pablo , Díez Josefina , López‐Serrano Joaquín , Rodríguez Amor , Conejero Salvador 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe low‐electron‐count cationic platinum complex [Pt(ItBu’)(ItBu)][BArF], 1, interacts with primary and secondary silanes to form the corresponding σ‐SiH complexes. According to DFT calculations, the most stable coordination mode is the uncommon η1‐SiH. The reaction of 1 with Et2SiH2 leads to the X‐ray structurally characterized 14‐electron PtII species [Pt(SiEt2H)(ItBu)2][BArF], 2, which is stabilized by an agostic interaction. Complexes 1, 2, and the hydride [Pt(H)(ItBu)2][BArF], 3, catalyze the hydrosilation of CO2, leading to the exclusive formation of the corresponding silyl formates at room temperature.
Pd‐Catalyzed Carboamination of Alkylidenecyclopropanes: Synthesis of Congested Pyrrolidines and Piperidines
Authors: Lazzara Phillip R. , Fitzpatrick Keegan P. , Eichman Chad C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of densely functionalized N‐heterocycles is an ongoing challenge in chemical synthesis. Herein, we report an efficient method for the construction of pyrrolidine and piperidine scaffolds using a palladium‐catalyzed carboamination of alkylidenecyclopropanes.
Decarboxylative Aminomethylation of Aryl‐ and Vinylsulfonates through Combined Nickel‐ and Photoredox‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Fan Lulu , Jia Jiaqi , Hou Hong , Lefebvre Quentin , Rueping Magnus 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA mild approach for the decarboxylative aminomethylation of aryl sulfonates by the combination of photoredox and nickel catalysis through C−O bond cleavage is described for the first time. A wide range of aryl triflates as well as aryl mesylates, tosylates and alkenyl triflates afford the corresponding products in good to excellent yields.
Effective Axial Thermal Conductivity in Catalyst Packings from High Resolution Temperature Profiles
Authors: Sosna Bahne , Dong Ying , Chromow Lukas , Korup Oliver , Horn Raimund 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe effective axial thermal conductivity is an essential parameter for an accurate description of heat transport in packed bed reactors. This work presents an experimental setup to determine this parameter from high‐resolution axial temperature measurements. The optimized measuring technique improved the procedure, solving issues reported by other studies, such as misalignment and disturbance of multiple thermocouples. Different materials were investigated: steel spheres, alumina spheres, and steatite hollow cylinders. Furthermore, correlations for these materials were determined.
Effect of heating process on the wettability of fine coals of various ranks
Authors: Xia Wencheng , Niu Chenkai , Li Yanfeng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSpontaneous coal combustion can produce a condition of heating process because the atmosphere of coal underground is usually poor in oxygen. Even though the spontaneous combustion of coal is prevented by people, the surface properties of coal are greatly changed. The changes in the wettability of coal influence the flotation of fine coals. This paper investigates the effect of the heating process on the wettability of fine coals of various ranks. Lignite, bituminous, and anthracite coals were used as experimental samples. The heating temperature and time were 500 °C and 2 h. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements were used to indicate the changes in wettability of fine coals before and after the heating process. The results showed that the wettability of bituminous coal was significantly increased whereas that of lignite was greatly decreased after the heating process. However, the wettability of anthracite coal was increased only a little after the heating process.
Spectral reflectance reconstruction from RGB images based on weighting smaller color difference group
Authors: Cao Bin , Liao Ningfang , Cheng Haobo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA method to reconstruct spectral reflectance from RGB images is presented without priori knowledge of camera's spectral responsivity. To obtain the spectral reflectance of a pixel or region in images, this method assumes that reflectance is a weighted average of reflectances of samples in a selected training group, in which all samples have smaller color difference with that pixel or region. Four proposed weighting modes with different selected numbers of training samples were investigated. Among them, the inverse square weighting mode obtains the best performance, and it is not very sensitive to the selected training samples number. Experimental results show that all weighting modes outperform the traditional method in terms of root mean squared error and Goodness‐of‐Fit Coefficient between the actual and the reconstructed reflectances as well as color differences under the other light condition. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 42, 327–332, 2017
Ecosystem carbon density and allocation across a chronosequence of longleaf pine forests
Authors: Samuelson Lisa J. , Stokes Thomas A. , Butnor John R. , Johnsen Kurt H. , Gonzalez‐Benecke Carlos A. , Martin Timothy A. , Cropper Wendell P. , Anderson Pete H. , Ramirez Michael R. , Lewis John C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractForests can partially offset greenhouse gas emissions and contribute to climate change mitigation, mainly through increases in live biomass. We quantified carbon (C) density in 20 managed longleaf pine (Pinus palustrisMill.) forests ranging in age from 5 to 118 years located across the southeasternUnited Statesand estimated above‐ and belowground C trajectories. Ecosystem C stock (all pools including soil C) and aboveground live tree C increased nonlinearly with stand age and the modeled asymptotic maxima were 168 Mg C/ha and 80 Mg C/ha, respectively. Accumulation of ecosystem C with stand age was driven mainly by increases in aboveground live tree C, which ranged from <1 Mg C/ha to 74 Mg C/ha and comprised <1% to 39% of ecosystem C. Live root C (sum of below‐stump C, ground penetrating radar measurement of lateral root C, and live fine root C) increased with stand age and represented 4–22% of ecosystem C. Soil C was related to site index, but not to stand age, and made up 39–92% of ecosystem C. Live understory C, forest floor C, downed dead wood C, and standing dead wood C were small fractions of ecosystem C in these frequently burned stands. Stand age and site index accounted for 76% of the variation in ecosystem C among stands. The mean root‐to‐shoot ratio calculated as the average across all stands (excluding the grass‐stage stand) was 0.54 (standard deviation of 0.19) and higher than reports for other conifers. Long‐term accumulation of live tree C, combined with the larger role of belowground accumulation of lateral root C than in other forest types, indicates a role of longleaf pine forests in providing disturbance‐resistant C storage that can balance the more rapid C accumulation and C removal associated with more intensively managed forests. Although other managed southern pine systems sequester more C over the short‐term, we suggest that longleaf pine forests can play a meaningful role in regional forest C management.