bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación nutricional de diferentes ensilajes para alimentar conejos
Authors: Villa R. Rigoberto , Hurtado V. Jaime 
Published: January 2017

En la Granja Experimental Bengala de la Universidad del Quindío, ubicada en el municipio de Filandia, Quindío, se evaluó el valor nutricional de diferentes ensilajes para alimentar conejos, (pasto imperial Axonopus scoparius (Flüggé) Kuhlm.) mezclado con botón de oro (Ranunculus acris L.), ramio (Boehmeria nívea L.) y morera (Morus alba L.). Se valoraron cinco grupos de conejos conformados por cinco animales cada uno. El grupo de conejos alimentado con ensilaje de pasto imperial y botón de oro, fueron los que obtuvieron la mayor ganancia de peso 141g/semanal, mientras que los conejos alimentados con solo forrajes frescos, obtuvieron un peso promedio de 109g/semanal. Las fuentes nutricionales que mejor responden en la alimentación de conejos en su orden fueron: ensilaje de botón de oro, ensilaje de morera y ensilaje de ramio.
Nível instrucional de pessoas com deficiência no Brasil
Authors: Gonçalves Taísa Grasiela Gomes Liduenha , Meletti Silvia Márcia Ferreira , Santos Natália Gomes dos 
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o nível instrucional da população brasileira, especificamente, das pessoas com deficiência. Para a análise utilizou-se os dados do censo demográfico de 2010 do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Os resultados indicaram: alto percentual de pessoas sem instrução ou com o ensino fundamental incompleto (44, 9%) com 15 anos ou mais. Ao tratar das pessoas com deficiência com 10 anos ou mais, os dados mostraram que, em média, são analfabetas: 13,5% das pessoas com deficiência visual, 21,2% das pessoas com deficiência auditiva, 30,2% das pessoas com deficiência física e 45,6% das pessoas com deficiência mental. Ainda com relação à população com deficiência mental, a concentração (52,5%) do analfabetismo ocorre na faixa etária dos 10 aos 14 anos. Espera-se que esse estudo possa subsidiar o debate sobre o direito à educação para todos os alunos e fomentar a produção do conhecimento sobre o analfabetismo.
Experiência de pessoas com deficiência no ensino superior: um olhar sobre a vivência de empoderamento e autoadvocacia
Authors: Dantas Taisa Caldas 
Published: January 2017

Este artigo tem como foco a experiência de estudantes com deficiência no ensino superior. Seu objetivo é analisar como a inserção de pessoas com deficiência nesse nível de ensino conduz a vivência do empoderamento e da autoadvocacia e rompe com o isolamento social. A história ilumina que não é de hoje que as experiências de exclusão marcam a vida do grupo social constituído pelas pessoas com deficiência, o qual permanece em uma situação de desvantagem social intensa. Esta pesquisa se insere no campo de conhecimento dos Estudos Culturais em Educação, e aderiu à abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa, em que foram analisadas as vozes de estudantes com deficiência da Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Os achados desta pesquisa revelam que a inserção no ensino superior gera autonomia e a participação; a universidade é um ambiente que cria oportunidades para que pessoas com deficiência interajam com pessoas sem deficiência, gerando um círculo de amizades; a presença de estudantes com deficiência na universidade pode trazer também a não aceitação delas por parte dos/as outros/as colegas, os/as quais não conseguem compreender a posição de autoadvogadas; as práticas docentes são elementos-chave para favorecer ou não o processo de empoderamento de pessoas com deficiência.
Discrimination of Mangrove Ecosystem Objects on the Visible Spectrum Using Spectroradiometer HR-1024
Authors: Arfan Amal 
Published: January 2017

The study was conducted to determine whether the vegetation in the mangrove ecosystem, can be contrasted with another objectt, using Spectroradiometer HR-1024. The data used is data visible spectrum(400-700 nm) which resulted in 204 bands. The analysis used is the integrated analysis with three levels. First, using ANOVA to determine significant differences in spectral reflectance between vegetation with water, wet soil and dry soil. Second, using Step wise Canonical Discriminant Analysis to identify the most sensitive band for discrimination reflection spectrum. This analysis which resulted in six bands are considered practical to distinguish vegetation with another object namely 401.5 nm, 416.9 nm, 508.2 nm, 599.3 nm, 660.3nm and 689.2 nm. Third using the Jeffries-Matusita separability index which resulted in the separation index of mangrove vegetation, water, wet soil and dry soil is 1.414.
Effects of Moringa oleifera Lam. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. leaf extract in treatment of tannery effluent
Authors: Sinha Sankar Narayan , Paul Dipak , Biswas Karabi 
Published: January 2017

The effect of leaf extracts of Moringa oleifera and Azadirachta indica using ethanol as solvent on tannery waste water treatment was investigated for a period of five days and their phytochemical constituents were analyzed. All the extracts were found to be efficient in the clarification and sedimentation of total solids in the tannery waste water sample. On the 5th day, sample treated with 10 ml of extract showed higher reduction of electrical conductivity, pH, chloride, sulfate along with dissolved oxygen. The significant reduction of these pollution indicating parameters of the tannery effluent indicated its high applicability to treat the tannery wastes along with other waste water treatment in near future. This is the first report of decontamination of tannery waste water by Azadirachta indica leaf extract. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Herpetofaunal diversity in Manaslu Conservation Area, Nepal
Authors: Pokhrel Ganesh Kumar , Thakuri Sudeep 
Published: January 2017

Herpetofauna is the least studied subject in the Nepal Himalaya. Most of the studies in wildlife are focused on mammals and birds. This paper presents the results of the herpetofauna survey in Manaslu Conservation Area in the Central Nepal, conducted with the aim of establishing the baseline on herpetofauna species diversity. The study recorded 16 species of herpetofauna, indicating a highly potential abundance of herpetofauna in the region. The study is first of its kind in establishing the baseline. The information, thus, obtained can be useful for implementing a biodiversity monitoring activities, and current and future conservation efforts. The study also underlines a need of an extensive study of herpetofauna in this region. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Les 21st Century Town Meetings dans les années 1990 et 2000 : assemblées délibérantes et marchandisation de l’authenticité politique dans une époque d’austérité
Authors: Lee Caroline W. , Vannini Laurent 
Published: January 2017

Le champ de la participation publique a connu une croissance spectaculaire aux États-Unis durant les années 1990 et 2000. Cela est dû en partie à AmericaSpeaks, l’organisation phare des concertations et des délibérations, et leur marque déposée de méthode de coordination, 21st Century Town Meetings, visant à la prise de décision au sein de groupes de grande taille. En prenant appui sur mon expérience d’observation participative durant trois rassemblements de ce type, ainsi que, plus largement, sur une analyse ethnographique multi-méthode du domaine d’activité, j’appréhende ces rencontres dans leur contexte comme des assemblées délibérantes expérimentales durant une période d’effervescence autour du déclin de la capacité d’agir des citoyens aux États-Unis. Les assemblées publiques organisées par AmericaSpeaks étaient labellisées comme d’authentiques alternatives de nature politique à la politique traditionnelle. Mais, alors que méthodes participatives et discours d’ empowerment devenaient populaires auprès d’une grande variété d’acteurs privés et publics, l’organisation ne parvint pas à trouver un modèle économique viable. Je conclus en évoquant les défis que doivent relever les assemblées publiques contemporaines dans une période où l’authenticité politique est devenue une marchandise de grande valeur.
Faire du smartphone un instrument de la relation de service ?
Authors: Marquet Clément 
Published: January 2017

En 2013, RAIL IDF, opérateur de transport en commun en Île-de-France, organise un concours d’innovation titré « Hackcess RAIL IDF ». Lors du concours, un projet d’application mettant en relation les utilisateurs handicapés et les agents est proposé. S’appuyant sur l’observation du développement de cette application, l’article interroge les modèles d’accessibilité et les conceptions du service qui se donnent à voir au gré des arbitrages des responsables de projet. La production d’un service connecté visant l’accessibilité pour les personnes handicapées est ainsi prise comme révélateur d’une transformation plus profonde de l’organisation de la mobilité chez RAIL IDF. Se mêlent en effet trois approches du service, technologique, social et managérial, que les responsables du projet essaient d’articuler. In fine , les tensions entre ces trois approches limitent la portée de l’application, mais contribuent néanmoins à faire du Smartphone l’instrument de la relation de service à la personne chez RAIL IDF.
La montée des marchés à Cannes
Authors: Lecler Romain 
Published: January 2017

À partir des années 1980, les marchés internationaux de biens audiovisuels (cinéma et télévision) ont connu un essor spectaculaire perçu comme symptomatique d’une mondialisation audiovisuelle en train d’advenir. On propose ici d’appréhender les échanges audiovisuels à partir de ces marchés, en les comparant aux foires, marchés et salons internationaux qui se sont développés dans de nombreux autres secteurs. Or jusque-là, ces évènements internationaux ont été appréhendés à travers trois perspectives dominantes, soit comme des « clusters temporaires », soit comme des lieux de configuration des régulations marchandes, soit comme différents nœuds d’un « système-monde » polycentrique. À partir d’une enquête auprès des professionnels français des exportations audiovisuelles qui fréquentent les marchés internationaux, on propose d’intégrer ces perspectives en les reformulant à travers une approche plus chronologique, celle d’un circuit itinérant de marchés qui sont de plus en plus fréquentés, de plus en plus internationaux et de plus en plus rationalisés et professionnalisés. En outre, ce circuit apparaît moins comme une série de lieux structurellement identiques, mais géographiquement et temporellement distincts, que comme une chronologie stabilisée, au rythme cyclique, avec des séquences incontournables et d’autres, facultatives, qui permettent aux professionnels d’élaborer leurs propres trajets marchands, en fonction de leurs moyens et de pondérations indigènes.
Akt Signaling Pathway in Macrophage Activation and M1/M2 Polarization
Authors: Vergadi Eleni , Ieronymaki Eleftheria , Lyroni Konstantina , Vaporidi Katerina , Tsatsanis Christos 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Macrophages become activated initiating innate immune responses. Depending on the signals, macrophages obtain an array of activation phenotypes, described by the broad terms of M1 or M2 phenotype. The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway mediates signals from multiple receptors including insulin receptors, pathogen-associated molecular pattern receptors, cytokine receptors, adipokine receptors, and hormones. As a result, the Akt pathway converges inflammatory and metabolic signals to regulate macrophage responses modulating their activation phenotype. Akt is a family of three serine-threonine kinases, Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3. Generation of mice lacking individual Akt, PI3K, or mTOR isoforms and utilization of RNA interference technology have revealed that Akt signaling pathway components have distinct and isoform-specific roles in macrophage biology and inflammatory disease regulation, by controlling inflammatory cytokines, miRNAs, and functions including phagocytosis, autophagy, and cell metabolism. Herein, we review the current knowledge on the role of the Akt signaling pathway in macrophages, focusing on M1/M2 polarization and highlighting Akt isoform–specific functions.
Determination of Four Nadolol Stereoisomers in Capsules by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Circular Dichroism
Authors: Prado Alexandre Grazielle , Wandermuren Márcio Nardelli , Peron Adriano , Tavares Vanessa Franco , Ramalho Padeiro Denis Alexandre , Sakiara Kelly Alessandra , Aurora-Prado María Segunda , Singh Anil Kumar , Kedor-Hackmann Erika Rosa , Miritello Santoro Maria Inês Rocha 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Nadolol is a blocking agent with activity in β-adrenergic receptors. The objective of this research was to develop and validate an HPLC and circular dichroism method for the quantification of four nadolol stereoisomers in capsules. The HPLC method was validated using a Chiralcel OD column (250 × 4,6 mm, 10 μm). The mobile phase consisted of hexane–ethanol–diethylamine–acetic acid (86 + 14 + 0.3 + 0.3, v/v/v/v), with a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min and temperature of 25 ± 1°C and UV detection carried out at 220 nm. Solutions were prepared in ethanol containing 200 μg/mL nadolol. The method proved to be precise, selective, accurate, and robust and was successfully applied for the determination of the two homologs of four nadolol stereoisomers in capsules.
Antioxidant Evaluation and Composition Analysis of Extracts from Fuzhuan Brick Tea and Its Comparison with Two Instant Tea Products
Authors: Zhang Qing-An , Zhang Xiao-Li , Yan Yan-Ying , Fan Xue-Hui 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this paper, the antioxidant capacities and compositions of two commercialized tea products and extracts from Fuzhuan brick tea (FBT) were investigated using three HPLC methods comparing the retention times of injected standards. Principal component analysis and DPPH-spiking HPLC analysis were used to analyze correlation between antioxidant capacity and the compounds detected to screen which compounds contribute to antioxidant activity. Results indicated that all samples contained high amounts of polysaccharides, phenols, and flavonoids and had good antioxidant activity and a high level of correlation among them. Furthermore, gallic acid, epigallocatechin, epicatechin, and epigallocatechin gallate were screened and found to be stronger antioxidant candidates. In summary, the quality of the FBT extracts was not inferior to that of commercialized tea products, suggesting the feasibility that extracts may directly act as instant tea products.
The Catalytic Mechanism of the Class C Radical S‐Adenosylmethionine Methyltransferase NosN
Authors: Ding Wei , Li Yongzhen , Zhao Junfeng , Ji Xinjian , Mo Tianlu , Qianzhu Haocheng , Tu Tao , Deng Zixin , Yu Yi , Chen Fener , Zhang Qi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractS‐Adenosylmethionine (SAM) is one of the most common co‐substrates in enzyme‐catalyzed methylation reactions. Most SAM‐dependent reactions proceed through an SN2 mechanism, whereas a subset of them involves radical intermediates for methylating non‐nucleophilic substrates. Herein, we report the characterization and mechanistic investigation of NosN, a class C radical SAM methyltransferase involved in the biosynthesis of the thiopeptide antibiotic nosiheptide. We show that, in contrast to all known SAM‐dependent methyltransferases, NosN does not produce S‐adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) as a co‐product. Instead, NosN converts SAM into 5′‐methylthioadenosine as a direct methyl donor, employing a radical‐based mechanism for methylation and releasing 5′‐thioadenosine as a co‐product. A series of biochemical and computational studies allowed us to propose a comprehensive mechanism for NosN catalysis, which represents a new paradigm for enzyme‐catalyzed methylation reactions.
Preferential Carbon Monoxide Oxidation over Copper‐Based Catalysts under In Situ Ball Milling
Authors: Eckert Rene , Felderhoff Michael , Schüth Ferdi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn situ ball milling of solid catalysts is a promising yet almost unexplored concept for boosting catalytic performance. The continuous preferential oxidation of CO (CO‐PROX) under in situ ball milling of Cu‐based catalysts such as Cu/Cr2O3 is presented. At temperatures as low as −40 °C, considerable activity and more than 95 % selectivity were achieved. A negative apparent activation energy was observed, which is attributed to the mechanically induced generation and subsequent thermal healing of short‐lived surface defects. In situ ball milling at sub‐zero temperatures resulted in an increase of the CO oxidation rate by roughly 4 orders of magnitude. This drastic and highly selective enhancement of CO oxidation showcases the potential of in situ ball milling in heterogeneous catalysis.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Oxime Ethers: Desymmetrization and Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Substituted Cyclohexanones
Authors: Nimmagadda Sri Krishna , Mallojjala Sharath Chandra , Woztas Lukasz , Wheeler Steven E. , Antilla Jon C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAxially chiral cyclohexylidene oxime ethers exhibit unique chirality because of the restricted rotation of C=N. The first catalytic enantioselective synthesis of novel axially chiral cyclohexylidene oximes has been developed by catalytic desymmetrization of 4‐substituted cyclohexanones with O‐arylhydroxylamines and is catalyzed by a chiral BINOL‐derived strontium phosphate with excellent yields and good enantioselectivities. In addition, chiral BINOL‐derived phosphoric acid catalyzed dynamic kinetic resolution of α‐substituted cyclohexanones has been performed and yields versatile intermediates in high yields and enantioselectivities.
Glycerol‐plasticized spirulina–poly(vinyl alcohol) films with improved mechanical performance
Authors: Shi Bo , Liang Liang , Yang Hui , Zhang Liming , He Fuan 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTSpirulina–poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)–glycerol (SPG) films with improved mechanical performance, especially tensile strength (TS) and the elongation at break (EAB), are fabricated by a casting method. The integrity, color, solubility, microstructure, thermal properties, tensile strength, and compatibility of the SPG films are assessed. SPG films became smooth, homogeneous, and flexible after plasticizing with glycerol. The presence of PVA and hydrogen bonding of PVA with glycerol and spirulina protein improves the water resistance of SPG films by decreasing water absorption of spirulina protein and decreasing water diffusion through the films. The amount of carbonaceous residues decreases from 31% to 14% because of the co‐pyrolysis of spirulina, PVA, and glycerol. TS increases from 2.5 to 26 Mpa and modulus from 53 to 610 Mpa with increasing PVA content. Glycerol enhances film flexibility and EAB up to 50%. Spirulina can be composited with hydrophilic polymers to fabricate compatible, processable and thermally recyclable films with desirable mechanical performance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44842.
Synthesis and swelling property of the starch‐based macroporous superabsorbent
Authors: Meng Yeqiao , Ye Lin 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe starch‐based macroporous superabsorbent polymer (St‐MP SAP) was synthesized by graft copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA)/2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) onto cassava starch through free radical polymerization method by using sodium bicarbonate (SHC) as porogen. The monomer conversion kinetics was investigated to determine the suitable time of adding SHC so as to produce large numbers of stable and uniform pores inside the SAP. Introduction of SHC led to the formation of increasing pores and loose structure in St‐MP SAP, the decrease of shear storage modulus (G′). With increasing SHC content, the size of the macro pores increased and the wall thickness decreased, and a large number of micropores can be observed on the pore walls. Meanwhile the equilibrium swelling ratio of St‐MP SAP first increased and then decreased, and reached maximum as high as 1878 g/g and 119 g/g in distilled water and NaCl aqueous solution respectively for the sample with presence of 0.8 wt % SHC. Furthermore, the swelling rate constant (k) increased monotonously and fast swelling was presented. The macro and micropore structure in St‐MP SAP enabled water to flow by capillary effect with much fewer obstructions, and the specific surface area increased, with the result that more hydrophilic groups can get in touch with water molecules rapidly. By introduction of SHC, the water molecules which can form hydrogen bonds with St‐MP SAP molecules decreased, resulting in the decrease of the binding capacity of water molecules and water retention property. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44855.
Adaptive Impulsive Observers for a Class of Switched Nonlinear Systems with Unknown Parameter
Authors: Li Jinghan , Ma Ruicheng , Dimirovski Georgi M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis work investigates and solves the design of adaptive impulsive observers for a class of uncertain switched nonlinear systems with unknown parameter. Sufficient conditions are derived for designing such observers for each subsystem to reconstruct asymptotically and update system states in real time. The state observer is represented in terms of impulsive differential equations. The parameter estimation law is modelled by an impulse‐free, time‐varying differential equation associated with the impulse time sequence in order to determine when the observer estimated state is updated. The asymptotic convergence to zero of the observation errors is established by applying the method of multiple time‐varying Lyapunov functions. Sufficient conditions are derived that guarantee the convergence of parameter estimation. An example of switched Lorenz system along with numeric and simulation results is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Whole‐cell Escherichia coli lactate biosensor for monitoring mammalian cell cultures during biopharmaceutical production
Authors: Goers Lisa , Ainsworth Catherine , Goey Cher Hui , Kontoravdi Cleo , Freemont Paul S. , Polizzi Karen M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTMany high‐value added recombinant proteins, such as therapeutic glycoproteins, are produced using mammalian cell cultures. In order to optimize the productivity of these cultures it is important to monitor cellular metabolism, for example the utilization of nutrients and the accumulation of metabolic waste products. One metabolic waste product of interest is lactic acid (lactate), overaccumulation of which can decrease cellular growth and protein production. Current methods for the detection of lactate are limited in terms of cost, sensitivity, and robustness. Therefore, we developed a whole‐cell Escherichia coli lactate biosensor based on the lldPRD operon and successfully used it to monitor lactate concentration in mammalian cell cultures. Using real samples and analytical validation we demonstrate that our biosensor can be used for absolute quantification of metabolites in complex samples with high accuracy, sensitivity, and robustness. Importantly, our whole‐cell biosensor was able to detect lactate at concentrations more than two orders of magnitude lower than the industry standard method, making it useful for monitoring lactate concentrations in early phase culture. Given the importance of lactate in a variety of both industrial and clinical contexts we anticipate that our whole‐cell biosensor can be used to address a range of interesting biological questions. It also serves as a blueprint for how to capitalize on the wealth of genetic operons for metabolite sensing available in nature for the development of other whole‐cell biosensors. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1290–1300. © 2017 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.