bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on juvenile hormone levels and mRNA expression of JHAMT and FPPS genes in the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis
Authors: Xu Beibei , Qian Kun , Zhang Nan , Miao Lijun , Cai Jingxuan , Lu Mingxing , Du Yuzhou , Wang Jianjun 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDJuvenile hormone (JH) regulates the development and reproduction of insects. The sublethal effects of chlorantraniliprole on JH levels and mRNA expression of JH acid methyltransferase gene (CsJHAMT) and farnesyl diphosphate synthase genes (CsFPPS1 and CsFPPS2) in Chilo suppressalis (Walker) were investigated.RESULTSExposure of sublethal concentrations of chlorantraniliprole (LC10 and LC30) to the third instar larvae of C. suppressalis significantly increased the JH levels in all developmental stages investigated including larvae 72 h after treatment, the first, third and fifth day of female pupae, as well as newly emerged, 12‐h‐old and 24‐h‐old female adults. A general trend of increased mRNA expression levels of CsJHAMT, CsFPPS1and CsFPPS2 was also observed in LC10 and LC30 treatment groups. Notably, the mRNA expression level of CsJHAMT significantly increased by 7.46‐fold in the larvae 72 h after LC30 treatment. A significant increase of the mRNA expression levels of CsFPPS2 was also observed in the fifth day female pupae of LC10 and LC30 treatment groups (2.60‐fold and 2.62‐fold, respectively) as well as in 12‐h‐old female adults of the LC30 treatment group (3.45‐fold).CONCLUSIONSublethal concentrations of chlorantraniliprole might upregulate the expression of JH biosynthesis genes and in turn result in an increase of JH level in C. suppressalis. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Rainbow perfect matchings and Hamilton cycles in the random geometric graph
Authors: Bal Deepak , Bennett Patrick , Pérez‐Giménez Xavier , Prałat Paweł 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGiven a graph on n vertices and an assignment of colours to the edges, a rainbow Hamilton cycle is a cycle of length n visiting each vertex once and with pairwise different colours on the edges. Similarly (for even n) a rainbow perfect matching is a collection of independent edges with pairwise different colours. In this note we show that if we randomly colour the edges of a random geometric graph with sufficiently many colours, then a.a.s. the graph contains a rainbow perfect matching (rainbow Hamilton cycle) if and only if the minimum degree is at least 1 (respectively, at least 2). More precisely, consider n points (i.e. vertices) chosen independently and uniformly at random from the unit d‐dimensional cube for any fixed . Form a sequence of graphs on these n vertices by adding edges one by one between each possible pair of vertices. Edges are added in increasing order of lengths (measured with respect to the norm, for any fixed ). Each time a new edge is added, it receives a random colour chosen uniformly at random and with repetition from a set of colours, where a sufficiently large fixed constant. Then, a.a.s. the first graph in the sequence with minimum degree at least 1 must contain a rainbow perfect matching (for even n), and the first graph with minimum degree at least 2 must contain a rainbow Hamilton cycle. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 51, 587–606, 2017
Potential mechanisms of Zika‐linked microcephaly
Authors: Merfeld Emily , Ben‐Avi Lily , Kennon Mason , Cerveny Kara L. 
Published: April 2017

A recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil is associated with microcephaly in infants born of infected mothers. As this pandemic spreads, rapid scientific investigation is shedding new light on how prenatal infection with ZIKV causes microcephaly. In this analysis we provide an overview of both microcephaly and ZIKV, explore the connection between prenatal ZIKV infection and microcephaly, and highlight recent insights into how prenatal ZIKV infection depletes the pool of neural progenitors in the developing brain. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e273. doi: 10.1002/wdev.273This article is categorized under:

Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles
Birth Defects > Craniofacial and Nervous System Anomalies
Adult Stem Cells, Tissue Renewal, and Regeneration > Stem Cells and Disease
The use of historical datasets to develop multi-trait selection models in processing tomato
Authors: Liabeuf Debora , Francis David M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMulti-trait indices (MTI) weigh traits based on their importance to facilitate selection in plant and animal improvement. In animal breeding, economic values are used to develop MTIs. For vegetables, economic data valuing traits are rarely available. We posit that varieties with traits valued by growers and processors achieve higher market share and longer life span. Our objective was to develop MTIs predicting success of tomato varieties. Historical data for the California processing tomato industry from 1992 to 2013 provided measurements for yield, soluble solids (Brix), color, pH, market share, and life span for 258 varieties. We used random models to estimate best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) for phenotypic traits of each variety, and evaluated trends over time. Yield has been increasing from 2006, while Brix stayed constant. Because yield and Brix are negatively correlated, this trend suggests that Brix influenced selection. The average number of resistances reported in varieties ranking in the top ten increased from 2 to 4.5 between 1992 and 2013. MTIs predicting success from phenotypic traits were developed with general linear models and tested using leave-one-out cross validation. MTIs weighing yield, Brix, pH and color were significantly correlated to success metrics and selected a significantly higher proportion of successful varieties relative to random sampling. The index multiplying yield and brix, suggested in the literature, was not significantly correlated with variety success. The MTIs suggested that fruit quality had less of an influence on variety success than yield. The MTIs developed could help improve gain under selection for quality traits in addition to yield.
Discontinuation of Dapoxetine Treatment in Patients With Premature Ejaculation: A 2-Year Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Park Hyun Jun , Park Nam Cheol , Kim Tae Nam , Baek Seung Ryong , Lee Kyung Min , Choe Sangmin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Although dapoxetine is the only oral pharmacologic agent approved for the treatment of premature ejaculation (PE) and is very effective, the discontinuation rate is high.

Aim
To assess the discontinuation rate of patients with PE and the reasons for discontinuation in real-world practice.

Methods
In total, 182 consecutive patients were enrolled. Type of PE, self-estimated intravaginal ejaculation latency time, and medical history were evaluated in all patients who also completed the erectile function domain of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). Visits were scheduled 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after initiation of therapy; treatment status and the reasons for discontinuation in those who did discontinue were checked. The relations of discontinuation rates were compared with various parameters and the time to discontinuation after treatment commencement.

Results
Of all patients, 9.9% continued treatment to 2 years. The cumulative discontinuation rates at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months were 26.4%, 61.6%, 79.1%, 87.3%, and 90.1%, respectively. Moreover, 79.1% of all patients discontinued treatment within 6 months. After 12 months, the discontinuation rate decreased sharply. The reasons for discontinuation were cost (29.9%), disappointment that PE was not curable and that dapoxetine was required every time sexual intercourse was contemplated (25%), side effects (11.6%), perceived poor efficacy (9.8%), a search for other treatment options (5.5%), and unknown (18.3%). Patients with acquired PE (vs lifelong PE), with intravaginal ejaculation latency time longer than 2 minutes before treatment, on phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, and with IIEF erectile function scores lower than 26 tended to discontinue early and thus exhibited high dropout rates.

Conclusion
The treatment discontinuation rate of dapoxetine was very high. The main reasons for discontinuation were the cost and disappointment that treatment was required every time adequate sexual function was required.
Park HJ, Park NC, Kim TN, et al. Discontinuation of Dapoxetine Treatment in Patients With Premature Ejaculation: A 2-Year Prospective Observational Study. Sex Med 2017;5:e99–e105.
Asociación entre tamización de cáncer de próstata, vinculación al sistema de salud y factores asociados en adultos mayores: análisis secundario de la encuesta SABE Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Borda Miguel , David-Pardo David , Ríos-Zuluaga Julián , López-Zea Ana , Forero-Borda Laura , Gutiérrez Santiago , Cano-Gutiérrez Carlos 
Published: April 2017

Introducción y objetivos El cáncer de próstata es una enfermedad con alta prevalencia en nuestra población. Su diagnóstico temprano es importante para mejorar el pronóstico de esta enfermedad. El objetivo de este artículo es evidenciar los factores asociados a la oportunidad de tamización en adultos mayores de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia.Métodos Se analizaron los datos del estudio Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento (SABE) Bogotá 2012, que incluyó a 736 hombres de 60 años o más. Se utilizó como variable dependiente el autorreporte de examen de próstata en los 2 últimos años y se evaluó con respecto a factores sociodemográficos por medio de un análisis multivariado.Resultados Se encontró una prevalencia de cáncer de próstata del 3,15%. El 57,8% de los hombres se habían realizado al menos un examen de próstata. Aquellos afiliados al régimen contributivo tenían mayor oportunidad para ser tamizados con respecto a los vinculados/no asegurados (OR: 8,81) (IC95%: 2,92-26,63) (p < 0,001), al igual que los del régimen subsidiado (OR: 3,70) (IC95%; 1,20-11,41) (p = 0,023).Conclusión Existe una inequidad en cuanto a la oportunidad de tamización de cáncer de próstata según el tipo de seguridad social, por lo que se deben optimizar las estrategias de detección temprana que fortalezcan la inclusión de toda la población. Se necesitan más estudios que brinden mayor información sobre esta problemática.
Formation of sediment patterns in channel flow: minimal unstable systems and their temporal evolution
Authors: Kidanemariam Aman G. , Uhlmann Markus 
Published: April 2017

The phenomenon of sediment pattern formation in a channel flow is numerically investigated by performing simulations which resolve all the relevant length and time scales of the problem. The numerical approach employed and the flow configuration considered is identical to our previous study (Kidanemariam & UhlmannJ. Fluid Mech., vol. 750, 2014, R2), the only difference being the length of the computational domain. The latter was systematically varied in order to investigate its influence on the initiation and evolution aspects. By successively reducing the streamwise length, the minimum box dimension which accommodates an unstable sediment bed is revealed, thus determining the lower threshold of the unstable modes. For the considered parameter point, the cutoff length for pattern formation lies in the range 75–100 times the particle diameter (3–4 times the clear fluid height). We also simulate the flow in a very long streamwise box with a size of 48 times the clear fluid height (featuring well over one million particles), accommodating approximately 11 initial ripple units with a wavelength in the range of 100–110 particle diameters. The evolution of the amplitude of the patterns exhibits two regimes of growth: an initial exponential regime, with a growth rate independent of the chosen domain size, and a subsequent nonlinear regime which is strongly constrained by the domain length. In the small domain cases, after the initial exponential regime, the ripples evolve steadily, maintaining their shape and migration velocity, at a mean wavelength equal to the length of the domain. The asymmetric ripple shape is characterized by a spectrum which exhibits a power-law decay over the first few dominant non-dispersive modes propagating at the mean dune migration velocity. The rate of particle transport and the mean interface shear stress exhibited an increase with increasing ripple dimensions. Nevertheless, the relationship between the two was observed to be approximately described by the empirical power-law formula for sediment transport by Wong & Parker (J. Hydraul. Engng, vol. 132, 2006, pp. 1159–1168).
Effect of 12-month intervention with lipid-based nutrient supplement on the physical activity of Malawian toddlers: a randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Pulakka A. , Cheung Y. B. , Maleta K. , Dewey K. G. , Kumwenda C. , Bendabenda J. , Ashorn U. , Ashorn P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPhysical activity is beneficial for children’s well-being. The effect of dietary supplementation on children’s physical activity in food-insecure areas remains little studied. We examined the effects of a lipid-based nutrient supplement (LNS) on children’s objectively measured physical activity in a randomised, controlled, outcome-assessor-blinded trial. Mothers of the children received one capsule daily of Fe-folic acid (IFA), one capsule containing eighteen micronutrients (MMN) or one 20 g sachet of LNS (containing twenty-two MMN, protein, carbohydrates, essential fatty acids and 494 kJ (118 kcal)) during pregnancy and for 6 months thereafter. Children in the IFA and MMN groups received no supplementation, and these groups were collapsed into a single control group; children in the LNS group received 20 g LNS from 6 to 18 months. We measured physical activity with accelerometers over 1 week at 18 months. The main outcome was mean vector magnitude counts/15 s. Of the 728 children at the beginning of child intervention at 6 months, 570 (78 %) provided sufficient data for analysis. The mean accelerometer counts for the 190 children in the LNS group and for the 380 children in the control group were 303 (sd59) and 301 (sd56), respectively (Pfor difference=0·65). LNS, given to mothers during pregnancy and 6 months postpartum and to their infants from 6 to 18 months of age, did not increase physical activity among 18-month-old children.
Hb level, iron intake and mortality in Chinese adults: a 10-year follow-up study
Authors: Shi Zumin , Zhen Shiqi , Zhou Yonglin , Taylor Anne W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAnaemia is prevalent in developing countries and is commonly Fe deficiency related. We aimed to assess the association between Fe status, Fe intake and mortality among Chinese adults. We prospectively studied 8291 adults aged 20–98 years with a mean follow-up of 9·9 years. All participants were measured for Hb at baseline in 2002. Food intake, measured by 3-d weighed food record (n 2832), and fasting serum ferritin were measured. We documented 491 deaths (including 192 CVD and 165 cancer deaths) during 81 527 person-years of follow-up. There was a U-shaped association between Hb levels and all-cause mortality. Compared with the second quartile of Hb (121 g/l), the first (105) and fourth quartile (144) had hazard ratios (HR) of 2·29 (95 % CI 1·51, 3·48) and 2·31 (95 % CI 1·46, 3·64) for all-cause mortality in women. In men, compared with third quartile of Hb (143 g/l), first (122) and fourth quartiles (154) had 61 and 65 % increased risk of all-cause mortality. Anaemia was associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in men but not in women after adjusting for potential confounders. Low and high Fe intake as percentage of Chinese recommended nutrient intake (RNI) were positively associated with all-cause mortality in women but not in men. In women, across quartiles of relative Fe intake, HR for all-cause mortality were 2·55 (95 % CI 0·99, 6·57), 1·00, 3·12 (95 % CI 1·35, 7·18) and 2·78 (95 % CI 1·02, 7·58). Both low and high Hb levels are related to increased risk of all-cause mortality. Both low and high intake of Fe as percentage of RNI was positively associated with mortality in women.
Effects of superparasitism on immature and adult stages ofDiachasmimorpha longicaudataAshmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) reared onCeratitis capitataWiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Authors: Devescovi F. , Bachmann G.E. , Nussenbaum A.L. , Viscarret M.M. , Cladera J.L. , Segura D.F. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe optimal use of available host by parasitoid insects should be favoured by natural selection. For solitary parasitoids, superparasitism (i.e. the egg-laying of several eggs/host) may represent a detrimental phenomenon both in a biological and an applied sense, but under certain circumstances it may be adaptive. Here, we studied the effects of increasing levels of superparasitism (LSPs, number of parasitoid larvae/host) on fitness-related parameters of the immature and adult stages ofDiachasmimorpha longicaudata, a solitary endoparasitoid parasitizingCeratitis capitata. We investigated the moment when supernumerary parasitoid larvae are eliminated and the effects produced by this process, together with its repercussion on female fecundity, parasitism rate, sex ratio, adult survival, flight ability and body size. Complete elimination of competitors occurred soon after larval hatching, before reaching the second larval stage. Elimination process took longer at higher LSPs, although a normal developmental (egg–adult) time was achieved. For LSPs 1, 2, 3 and 5 the effects on parasitoid emergence were mild, but LSP 10 led to the death of all developing parasitoids. Aside from this, to develop in superparasitized hosts did not significantly affect any of the evaluated parameters, and only a female-biased sex ratio was observed at higher LSPs. However, the effects of superparasitism on the adults may have a different outcome under more variable conditions in the field, once they are released for biological control purposes.
Quality control ofTelenomus remus(Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) reared on the factitious hostCorcyra cephalonica(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) for successive generations
Authors: Queiroz A.P. , de Freitas Bueno A. , Pomari-Fernandes A. , Grande M.L.M. , Bortolotto O.C. , da Silva D.M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEgg parasitoid rearing on factitious hosts is an important step to reduce costs and increase availability of the biocontrol agent but it requires quality control to achieve success in field conditions. To this end, this study evaluated the quality ofTelenomus remus(Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) reared onCorcyra cephalonica(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) for until 45 generations. In the first bioassay, we evaluated the body size of the laboratory-produced parasitoids. In the second bioassay, flight activity was examined, measuring the percentage of ‘flyers’, ‘walkers’ and ‘deformed’ parasitoids. The third bioassay assessed parasitism onSpodoptera frugiperda(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs. Our data indicate that the laboratory-reared parasitoid neither lost its ability to fly nor to parasitizeS. frugiperdaeggs. In conclusion, quality did not decrease significantly during 45 generations, and therefore rearing ofT. remusonC. cephalonicaas factitious host promises to be successful.
Persian Complex DPs: How Mysterious Are They?
Authors: Karimi Simin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPersian complex DPs exhibit structural peculiarities with respect to the placement of the object marker for specific DPs and the position of embedded CPs. This article discusses these peculiarities as well as the internal structure of Persian complex DPs and the distribution of clitic pronouns in this language. It is argued that a base generation approach accounts more adequately for Persian and other languages that exhibit the following properties: lack of a wh-relative pronoun, presence of an invariant relative complementizer, and alternation between a gap and a pronoun representing the relativized head. Regarding the postverbal position of the embedded CP, it is argued that extraposition and VP-remnant face theoretical and empirical problems, while V-raising and XP movement, as instances of scrambling triggered by focus in this language, provide an adequate explanation for Persian data.
On Being Stuck in Bengal: Immobility in the ‘age of migration’
Authors: CHATTERJI JOYA 
Published: April 2017

AbstractImmobility raises awkward questions for theorists of migration. From their standpoint, migration is unusual behaviour that requires explanation. Its obverse—staying in place—is seen as an ‘obvious’ state of affairs that calls for no explanation. Yet assumptions about the ordinariness of immobility are insecure. For one thing, we know a great deal more about the mobile societies of early modern Asia; for another, Asian mobility in the era of high imperialism is much better understood. Yet despite these cumulative gains in our understanding of the scale of mobility in early-modern and modern Asia, and its acceleration in ‘the age of migration’, immobility continues to be seen as the ‘obvious’ state of affairs. This article suggests some preliminary answers to ‘the immobility paradox’, based on a study of the greater Bengal region. By analysing the impact of the intensifying links, in the late colonial era, between Bengal and the global economy, it shows that this varied widely for different people, in ways that had a profound bearing on their capacity to move. The article develops the notion of ‘deficits’ which worked to inhibit the mobility of particular groups and individuals. Physical frailty and obligations of care, it shows, were crucial factors in shaping immobility. Relations of gender and generation, and the inequalities embedded in these relations, produced ‘overabundances’—of obligations to people and places—that tied certain people down. Finally, it hints at the reasons why, and the ways in which, stayers-on have grown poorer.
The chromosomes of Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. and its relatives
Authors: Fox D. P. 
Published: April 2017

SynopsisPicea sitchensis has a haploid complement of twelve metacentric or submetacentric chromosomes which are similar to each other in size. Prominent secondary constrictions, which are probably the sites of nucleolus organisers, occur on five chromosomes (N.O.R.s). The DNA content of the haploid, unreplicated chromosome set is 9 × 109 nucleotide pairs and, in spite of earlier claims, probably does not vary significantly between different populations. B-chromosomes occur extensively in the southern half of the species range. They have little effect on growth rate but delay the time of ♂ and ♀ flowering. Meiosis starts and ends in spring, taking about twenty-two days to complete. The B-chromosomes do not pair at meiosis and appear to be distributed at random. There is marked accumulation of B-chromosomes when transmitted through the ♀ parent, possibly due to preferential segregation during meiosis. A balance between gain by accumulation and loss due to delay of flowering may account for the natural distribution of the B-chromosome.
British willows; some hybrids and some problems
Authors: Meikle R. D. 
Published: April 2017

SynopsisThe paper deals with three problem areas in the taxonomy of British willows: (1) the widespread occurrence in Perthshire and neighbouring counties of an intermediate betweenSalix myrsinifoliaSalisb. andS. phylicifoliaL., apparently of hybrid origin, though growing in an area where typicalS. phylicifoliahas yet to be found; (2) the complex taxonomy of the British Sallows, where two common aggregate species,Salix cinerea L. andS. caprea L., are each represented by two segregates; a third,S. aurita L., may also comprise more than one segregate; all three species interbreed, as do the segregates within each aggregate; (3) the disputed identity of the Crack Willow,Salix fragilis L., and its nomenclatural implications.