bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Pediatric Asthma Management: Identifying Actionable Results With Geographic Determinants
Authors: Shacham Enbal , Scroggins Stephen E. , Gilmore Adam , Cheng Jane , Nava Rosalinda 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Pediatric asthma remains one of the most prominent chronic health conditions among US youth. Geographic determinants such as air pollutants have been identified as playing a role in asthma development and exacerbation. The purpose of this study was to determine geospatial predictors of pediatric asthma exacerbation events and to prioritize housing remediation resources.

Methods:
Electronic medical records were abstracted from a health plan in Southern California. The inclusion criteria that created a sample of 51 557 members were those aged 21 years and younger, who had at least 1 asthma-related encounter between January 2019 and December 2021. Diagnoses, age, number of clinic and emergency department visits, and home addresses were included. The air quality index from the closest monitoring station during the study period, residential distance from a primary roadway, and residential distance from manufacturing sites were included in the spatial analysis.

Results:
The average number of asthma-related clinic visits was 2 across the sample. Individuals with more asthma-related clinic visits residing in public housing were more likely to live within 4 km of industrial manufacturing locations (P < .001), reside closer to a major roadway (P < .001), and experience a higher number of poor air quality days (P < .001). Modeling results show these factors were also significantly predictive of an increase of asthma-related health care encounters.

Conclusions:
The findings of this study were consistent with previous studies linking asthma and poor air quality and further highlighted some of the additive and potentially exponential challenges that public housing, major roadways, and manufacturing sites provide communities in their proximity. This research can guide environmental interventions, including the frequency of public housing inspections, community outreach, and the development of communication strategies, to reduce asthma-related experiences across neighborhoods.
Anger Expression Styles, Cynical Hostility, and the Risk for the Development of Type 2 Diabetes or Diabetes-Related Heart Complications: Secondary Analysis of the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Ward Richard Andrew , Forget Geneviève , Lindekilde Nanna , Deschênes Sonya S. , Pouwer François , Schmitz Norbert , Schram Miranda , Burns Rachel J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
Limited research has examined associations between trait anger and hostility and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D) and diabetes-related heart complications. However, anger expression styles (i.e., anger-in, anger-out) have not been examined. The present study used secondary data to examine the associations between anger expression styles, cynical hostility, and the risk of developing T2D (objective 1) or diabetes-related heart complications (objective 2).

Methods
Self-report data came from participants aged 50 to 75 years in the Health and Retirement Study. Anger-in (anger that is suppressed and directed toward oneself, anger-out (anger directed toward other people or the environment), and cynical hostility were measured at baseline (2006 or 2008). Follow-up data (i.e., diabetes status or diabetes-related heart complications status) were collected every 2 years thereafter until 2020. The objective 1 sample included 7898 participants without T2D at baseline, whereas the objective 2 sample included 1340 participants with T2D but without heart complications at baseline.

Results
Only anger-in was significantly associated with incident T2D after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics (hazard ratio = 1.08, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.16), but the association did not hold after further adjustment for depressive symptoms. Only anger-out was significantly associated with incident diabetes–related heart complications after adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, health-related covariates, and depressive symptoms (hazard ratio = 1.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–1.39).

Conclusions
Anger expression styles were differentially related to diabetes outcomes. These findings demonstrate the value of expanding the operationalization of anger beyond trait anger in this literature and encourage further investigation of anger expression styles.
Correlates and Predictors of Symptom Severity Over Time in People Under Investigation for Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Authors: Knoop Iris , Jones Annie S.K. , Gall Nicholas , Norton Sam , Pascoe William , Moss-Morris Rona 
Published: September 2024

Objective
Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is a poorly understood chronic disorder characterized by an unexplained excessive increase in heartbeat upon standing. The aim of this study was to investigate psychosocial and physiological correlates and predictors of symptom severity over time in patients presenting with POTS-like symptoms.

Methods
Longitudinal cohort study of patients under investigation for POTS (n = 149). Patients completed questionnaires at 1 month preclinic appointment and 6 months later. Diagnosis, blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) measures were collected from medical records. Data were analyzed using hierarchical linear multiple regression.

Results
Orthostatic and small fiber neuropathy (SFN) symptoms remained stable over time and were significantly correlated with distress, cardiac anxiety, threatening views of the illness, and cognitive-behavioral responses to symptoms, but not with emotional reactivity or social support. Baseline psychosocial factors collectively explained 48% (F = 5.37, p < .001) of the variance in orthostatic symptoms, and 35% (F = 3.49, p < .001) of the variance of SFN symptoms at baseline, but a nonsignificant amount of variance in symptoms at 6 months when controlling for baseline symptoms. Hemodynamic measures explained a significant 4% (F = 3.37, p = .026) of variance of orthostatic symptoms at 6 months.

Conclusion
Symptom burden in patients with suspected POTS remained high over 6 months. Psychosocial factors explained a large amount of the variance in symptoms at baseline. As symptoms did not change/improve over time, baseline symptoms accounted for most of the variance in symptoms at 6 months. An integrated approach addressing psychosocial factors alongside medical treatments may promote adjustment to the condition and lessen symptom burden for this group.
Chains of misery: surging invasive group A streptococcal disease
Authors: Davis Kimberly , Abo Yara-Natalie , Steer Andrew C. , Osowicki Joshua 
Published: September 2024

Purpose of review
We describe the epidemiology of the recent global surge in invasive group A streptococcal (GAS) disease and consider its proximate and distal causes. We highlight important knowledge gaps regarding clinical management and discuss potential strategies for prevention.

Recent findings
Rates of invasive GAS (iGAS) disease were increasing globally prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Since mid-2022, following the worst years of the pandemic in 2020 and 2021, many countries with systems to monitor GAS syndromes have reported surges in cases of iGAS concurrent with increased scarlet fever, pharyngitis, and viral co-infections. The emergence of the hypervirulent M1UK strain as a cause of iGAS, particularly in high income countries, is concerning. New data are emerging on the transmission dynamics of GAS. GAS remains universally susceptible to penicillin but there are increasing reports of macrolide and lincosamide resistance, particularly in invasive isolates, with uncertain clinical consequences. Intravenous immunoglobulin is used widely for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and necrotizing soft tissue infections, although there is limited clinical evidence, and none from a completed randomized controlled trial. Intensive and expensive efforts at population-level control of GAS infections and postinfectious autoimmune complications have been only partially successful. The great hope for control of GAS diseases remains vaccine development. However, all modern vaccine candidates remain in the early development stage.

Summary
In many countries, iGAS rates surged from mid-2022 in the aftermath of pandemic control measures and physical distancing. The emergence of a dominant hypervirulent strain is an important but incomplete explanation for this phenomenon. Clinical management of iGAS remains highly empirical and new data has not emerged. A vaccine remains the most likely means of achieving a sustainable reduction in the burden of iGAS.
Exogenous estrogen partially rescues progesterone deficiency and autophagosome enlargement in Mcoln1 −/− mouse model with lysosomal storage disorder
Authors: Wang Zidao , Li Yuehuan , Andersen Christian L. , El Zowalaty Ahmed E. , Hancock Jonathan M. , Martin Taylor E. , Howerth Elizabeth W. , Viswanathan Suvitha , Byun Haeyeun , Ye Xiaoqin 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
Female Mcoln1
−/− mice exhibit progressive progesterone (P4) deficiency, luteal cell degeneration, and premature embryo implantation failure at 5 months old. We attempted to rescue embryo implantation in non-virgin Mcoln1
−/− mice (5–6 months old) with exogenous P4 treatment on days 1.5 post-coitum (D1.5), D2.5, and D3.5, and observed partially restored luteal cell morphology on D4.5, but unexpectedly found 17β-estradiol (E2) contamination in the P4 working solution. In this study, we aim to investigate exogenous P4 and/or E2 for the partial recovery of luteal cell morphology in infertile Mcoln1

−/−
mice.

Methods:
Control and non-virgin Mcoln1
−/− mice (5–6 months old) were treated with newly ordered vehicle, P4, E2, or P4 + E2 on D1.5 and D2.5 and dissected on D3.5 for P4 and E2 measurements, ovary histology, immunofluorescence, lipid droplet staining, and transmission electron microscopy.

Results:
E2 treatment significantly increased serum P4 levels in D3.5 Mcoln1
−/− mice. E2 and P4 + E2 treatments, but not P4 treatment alone, largely improved the morphology of D3.5 Mcoln1
−/− corpora lutea, indicated by a more contiguous web-like collagen IV expression pattern, increased heat shock protein 60 expression, and reduced accumulation of large lipid droplets. Transmission electron microscopy revealed extremely enlarged autophagosomes and lipid droplets, lysosomes with lamellar structures, and mitochondria with reduced cristae in vehicle-treated D3.5 Mcoln1
−/− luteal cells, while in E2-treated D3.5 Mcoln1
−/− luteal cells, extremely enlarged autophagosomes and lipid droplets were reduced, indicating improved luteal cell ultrastructure.

Conclusion:
These findings reveal protective effects of high levels of exogenous E2 on P4 production and lysosomal function in Mcoln1
−/− luteal cells.
Automatic Quantification of Abnormal Lung Parenchymal Attenuation on Chest Computed Tomography Images Using Densitometry and Texture-based Analysis
Authors: Carvalho Alysson R.S. , Guimarães Alan , Basilio Rodrigo , Conrado da Silva Marco A. , Colli Sandro , Galhós de Aguiar Carolina , Pereira Rafael C. , Lisboa Liseane G , Hochhegger Bruno , Rodrigues Rosana S. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
To compare texture-based analysis using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) against lung densitometry in detecting chest computed tomography (CT) image abnormalities.

Material and Methods:
A U-NET was used for lung segmentation, and an ensemble of 7 CNN architectures was trained for the classification of low-attenuation areas (LAAs; emphysema, cysts), normal-attenuation areas (NAAs; normal parenchyma), and high-attenuation areas (HAAs; ground-glass opacities, crazy paving/linear opacity, consolidation). Lung densitometry also computes (LAAs, ≤–950 HU), NAAs (–949 to –700 HU), and HAAs (–699 to –250 HU). CNN-based and densitometry-based severity indices (CNN and Dens, respectively) were calculated as (LAA+HAA)/(LAA+NAA+HAA) in 812 CT scans from 176 normal subjects, 343 patients with emphysema, and 293 patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). The correlation between CNN-derived and densitometry-derived indices was analyzed, alongside a comparison of severity indices among patient subgroups with emphysema and ILD, using the Spearman correlation and ANOVA with Bonferroni correction.

Results:
CNN-derived and densitometry-derived severity indices (SIs) showed a strong correlation (ρ=0.90) and increased with disease severity. CNN-SIs differed from densitometry SIs, being lower for emphysema and higher for moderate to severe ILD cases. CNN estimations for normal attenuation areas were higher than those from densitometry across all groups, indicating a potential for more accurate characterization of lung abnormalities.

Conclusions:
CNN outputs align closely with densitometry in assessing lung abnormalities on CT scans, offering improved estimates of normal areas and better distinguishing similar abnormalities. However, this requires higher computing power.
A Cross-Sectional Analysis of American Insurance Coverage of Upper and Lower Lid Blepharoplasty
Authors: Badiei Beita , Schlidt Kevin , Ha Michael , Simon Caroline , Onyima Chinenye , El-Mallah Jessica , Nagendran Vivekka , Rasko Yvonne M. 
Published: September 2024

Objective:
Dermatochalasis is a common condition that can cause obstruction of peripheral visual fields and impairment of daily activities. These effects can be addressed with a blepharoplasty, which may be considered a cosmetic procedure by American health insurers. The authors assessed insurance coverage of all indications of blepharoplasty and their medical necessity criteria.

Methods:
A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of 70 insurance policies for blepharoplasty. The insurance companies were selected based on their state enrollment and market share. A web-based search and telephone interviews were utilized to identify the policies. Medically necessary criteria were extracted from the publicly available policies.

Results:
Of the 70 insurance policies assessed, 67 (96%) provide coverage for blepharoplasty. There were 7 indications for coverage, the most common being dermatochalasis causing functional visual impairment (n = 56, 80%), prosthesis difficulties in an anophthalmic socket (n = 44, 63%), and congenital ptosis (n = 38, 54%). Of companies that indicated coverage for dermatochalasis, 95% required visual field loss testing to qualify for coverage. Significantly more companies required a 30% loss in the superior visual field for coverage versus the literature-recommended amount of 24% loss (n = 14 versus n = 3, 26% versus 6%, P= 0.0067).

Conclusion:
There is a great discrepancy in insurance policy criteria for coverage of blepharoplasty, especially regarding requirements for visual field testing. Unfortunately, this disparity does not reflect the current literature as to whom may gain significant functional benefit from blepharoplasty.
Efficacy of Clonidine Adhesive Patch for Patients With Tourette Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial
Authors: Zhao Zhimin , Qian Yun , Du Yasong , Chen Hong , He Jie , Chen Yanhui , Wang Xiuxia , Mai Jianning , Sun Suzhen , Wang Huimei , Jiao Fuyong 
Published: September 2024

Objective
This study aimed to explore the efficacy of the clonidine adhesive patch for participants with Tourette syndrome (TS).

Methods
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter phase IV clinical trial included participants with TS at 20 centers between May 2012 and March 2015. Treatment efficacy at week 8 was the primary outcome. The Clinical Global Impression–Severity scale and Improvement scale were the secondary endpoints.

Results
This trial included 488 participants, with 121 participants in the 2.0-mg/wk group, 119 participants in the 1.5-mg/wk group, 126 participants in the 1.0-mg/wk group, and 122 participants in the placebo group. For Yale Global Tic Severity Scale score reduction rate, compared with the placebo group (39.60 ± 25.56), those of the 2.0-mg/wk group (63.21 ± 32.60) and the 1.5-mg/wk group (68.16 ± 25.88) were statistically significantly different (all P < 0.001). For total Yale Global Tic Severity Scale score, compared with the placebo group (17.0 ± 8.03), the score for the 2.0-mg/wk group was 9.9 ± 8.36 (P < 0.001); 1.5-mg/wk group, 9.6 ± 8.03 (P < 0.001); and 1.0-mg/wk group, 10.5 ± 9.28 (P < 0.001). The Clinical Global Impression–Severity scale and Improvement scale scores were statistically significantly different in the 3 clonidine (or experimental) groups compared with the placebo group (all P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Larger doses of the clonidine adhesive patch such as 1.5 and 2.0 mg/wk are effective in improving the symptoms and overall function of participants with TS.
Evaluating Headache Incidence and Characteristics After Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasm Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Clinical Study
Authors: Bilgin Sule , Ozdemir Kaan Tugberk , Yaka Emiş Cansu , Demir Ömer , Aydın Huriye , Şener Ufuk 
Published: September 2024

Objectives
The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence and clinical features of headache in patients treated with botulinum toxin for blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. In addition, our secondary aim was to identify potential factors influencing the development of these headaches

Methods
A total of 70 patients who were treated with on a botulinum toxin A for dystonia treatment in our clinic between January 2023 and March 2023 were retrospectively screened, and the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients who reported headache complaints after the last botulinum toxin treatment were examined.

Results
Headache was reported in 8 (%11.4) of the 70 patients included in the study. Of the 8 patients who reported headaches, 6 (%75) had the onset of the complaint within the first 24 hours. There was no significant correlation between headache occurrence and factors like age, gender, diagnosis, botulinum toxin dosage, application site, comorbid diseases, or hypertension. However, a statistically significant link was observed between the intensity of pain experienced during treatment and the frequency of headaches after the treatment

Conclusions
Botulinum toxin treatment can lead to short-term headaches in some patients, starting early after the procedure. The significant link between the frequency of these headaches and the pain experienced during injection highlights the need to examine factors like the volume and dilution rate of the toxin, the solvent used, treatment area, treatment purpose, patient characteristics, and the physician's technique. It is important to study these aspects by comparing them across a large patient group and control subjects.
Ultrashort-T2* mapping at 7 tesla using an optimized pointwise encoding time reduction with radial acquisition (PETRA) sequence at standard and extended echo times
Authors: Lockard Carly A. , Damon Bruce M. , Serrai Hacene 
Published: September 2024

AbstractZero echo time (ZTE) sequences capture signal from tissues with extremely short T2* and are useful for qualitative and quantitative imaging of musculoskeletal tissues’ ultrashort-T2* components. One such sequence is Pointwise Encoding Time Reduction with Radial Acquisition (PETRA). While this sequence has shown promising results, it has undergone only limited testing at 7 tesla (T). The purpose of this work was to evaluate PETRA at 7T in its standard form and with sequence modifications to allow extended echo times for the purpose of performing ultrashort-T2* mapping.We acquired PETRA images of MnCl2and collagen phantoms and of the knee in eight participants (5 for optimization and 3 for ultrashort-T2* mapping assessment; 5 male/3 female, 39 ± 11 years old). Images were acquired using a 1-transmit/28-receive-channel knee coil. Artifacts, signal, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), ultrashort-T2*, the corresponding curve fit quality, and repeatability were assessed. SNR was high in knee tissues at TE = 0.07 msec compared to a conventional-TE sequence (Dual-Echo Steady State with TE = 2.55 msec), with values ranging between 68 to 337 across the assessed tissues for PETRA versus 16 to 30 for the same tissue regions of interest in the conventional-TE series. Acquisition of series for ultrashort-T2* maps was feasible at 1.50 mm isotropic acquisition resolution and TE ≤ 0.58 msec. Strong linear correlations were observed between relaxation times and MnCl2concentration, and between signal and collagen concentration. Ultrashort-T2* signal decay curve fit R2and repeatability were high for phantom and knee ultrashort-T2* <1 msec.PETRA imaging with minimal artifacts, high SNR, and scan time < 11 minutes was achieved at 7T at high (0.34 mm isotropic) resolution at TE = 0.07 msec and lower resolution (1.52 mm isotropic) at echo times ≤ 0.58 msec. Ultrashort-T2* mapping provided acceptable curve-fitting results for substances with sub-millisecond T2*.
Nicotinamide riboside: A promising therapy for MI-induced acute kidney injury by upregulating nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase-mediated NAD levels
Authors: Habeichi Nada J. , Amin Ghadir , Boitard Solene , Tannous Cynthia , Ghali Rana , Momken Iman , Diab Reine , Booz George W. , Mericskay Mathias , Zouein Fouad A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundCardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 1 is characterized by the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) following acute cardiac illness and notably acute myocardial infarction (MI). AKI is considered an independent risk factor increasing mortality rate substantially. Nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD) is an important coenzyme in energy metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation and in its oxidized form, a substrate for multiple NAD+-dependent enzymes such as Sirtuins and poly-ADP ribose polymerases. Decreased cardiac NAD levels along with a down-regulation of the nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) have been reported following MI. A compensatory upregulation in nicotinamide riboside kinase (NMRK) 2, an NAD+biosynthetic enzyme that uses nicotinamide riboside (NR) to generate NAD+takes place in the heart after MI but the impact on kidney NAD metabolism and function has not been addressed before.MethodsMI was induced by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery in 2 months old C57BL6/J mice, followed by the administration of NR (IP injection, 400mg/kg/day) for four and seven days. We hypothesized that NR treatment could be a potential promising therapy for MI-induced AKI.ResultsOur findings showed no significant improvement in cardiac ejection fraction following NR treatment at days 4 and 7 post-MI, whereas kidney functions were enhanced and morphological alterations and cell death decreased. The observed renal protection seems to be mediated by an up-regulation of NAMPT-mediated increase in renal NAD levels, notably in distal tubules.ConclusionOur findings indicate that NR could be a potential promising therapy for AKI following an early stage of MI.