bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-Evaluation of Old Findings on Stroke Volume Responses to Exercise and Recovery by Nitrous-Oxide Rebreathin
Authors: Colakoglu Muzaffer , Ozkaya Ozgur , Balci Gorkem Aybars , Yapicioglu Bulent 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIt is important to verify the old findings of Cumming (1972) and Goldberg and Shephard (1980) who showed that stroke volume (SV) may be higher during recovery rather than during exercise, in order to organize the number of intervals throughout training sessions. The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate individual SV responses to various upright cycling exercises using the nitrous-oxide rebreathing method. Nine moderate to well-trained male athletes volunteered to take part in the study (maximal O2uptake (VO2max): 60.2 ± 7 mL⋅min-1⋅kg-1). Workloads ranging from 40-100% of VO2maxwere applied to determine individual peak SV (SVpeak) response. Results showed that SV responses were higher during exercise compared to recovery in all exercise loads from 40-100% of VO2max. Mean SV responses to individual SVpeak loads were also higher during exercise compared to recovery (122.9 ± 2.5 versus 105.3 ± 5.93 mL). The highest SV responses to 10 min exercises of 40-70% of VO2maxwere obtained in the 5thor 7.5thmin of each stage (p≤0.05). Meanwhile, during 5 min exercises between 80-100% of VO2max, peak SV responses were observed in the 3rdmin of loading (p≤0.05). In conclusion, individual SVpeak levels encountered over wide exercise intensity ranges showed that SVpeak development may also be correlated to exercise intensity corresponding to individual SVpeakloads.
Upper Respiratory Tract Diseases in Athletes in Different Sports Disciplines
Authors: Gałązka-Franta Anna , Jura-Szołtys Edyta , Smółka Wojciech , Gawlik Radosław 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Upper respiratory tract diseases in athletes are a very common medical problem. Training conditions in different sports disciplines increase the risk of upper respiratory disease. Epidemiological evidence suggests that heavy acute or chronic exercise is related to an increased incidence of upper respiratory tract infections in athletes. Regular physical exercise at high intensity may lead to transient immunosuppression due to high prevalence of allergic diseases in athletes. Regardless of the cause they can exclude athletes from the training program and significantly impair their performance. In the present work, the most common upper respiratory tract diseases in athletes taking into account the disciplines in which they most often occur were presented. The focus was laid on symptoms, diagnostic methods and pharmacotherapy. Moreover, preventive procedures which can help reduce the occurrence of upper respiratory tract disease in athletes were presented. Management according to anti-doping rules, criteria for return to training and competition as an important issues of athlete’s health were discussed.
Monitoring Salivary Immunoglobulin A Responses to Official and Simulated Matches In Elite Young Soccer Players
Authors: Freitas Camila G. , Aoki Marcelo S. , Arruda Ademir F. S. , Franciscon Clóvis , Moreira Alexandre 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine SIgA responses (concentration [SIgAabs] and a secretion rate [SIgArate]) to official and simulated competitive matches in young soccer players. The sample was composed of 26 male soccer players (age 15.6 ± 1.1 yrs, stature 177.0 ± 6.1 cm, body mass 70.5 ± 5.7 kg). Four soccer matches (two simulated matches [SM] and two official matches [OM]) were conducted. The matches consisted of two halves of 35 min with a 10 min rest interval. Each assessed player participated in only one SM and one OM. All matches were performed in the same week, during the competitive season, and at the same time of the day (9:00 am), separated by 48 h. Saliva samples were collected before and after every match. The session rating of perceived exertion was reported 30 min after each match in order to determine the internal training load (ITL). A significant decrease in SIgAabs and SIgArate after OM was observed when compared to the pre-match value. In addition, the SIgArate was higher at pre-OM when compared to pre-SM. A higher ITL for OM was observed compared to SM. The current findings indicate that OM may lead to a decrease in the main mucosal immunity function parameter of young soccer players that could increase the risk of URTI. Coaches should be aware of it in order to plan appropriate training loads and recovery procedures to avoid or minimize the likelihood of upper respiratory tract infection occurrences.
Repeated Dribbling Ability in Young Soccer Players: Reproducibility and Variation by the Competitive Level
Authors: Duarte João P. , Tavares Óscar , Valente-dos-Santos João , Severino Vítor , Ahmed Alexis , Rebelo-Gonçalves Ricardo , Pereira João R. , Vaz Vasco , Póvoas Susana , Seabra André , Cumming Sean P. , Coelho-e-Silva Manuel J 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The intermittent nature of match performance in youth soccer supports relevance of ability to repeatedly produce high-intensity actions with short recovery periods. This study was aimed to examine the reproducibility of a repeated dribbling ability protocol and, additionally, to estimate the contribution of concurrent tests to explain inter-individual variability in repeated dribbling output. The total sample comprised 98 players who were assessed as two independent samples: 31 players were assessed twice to examine reliability of the protocol; and 67 juveniles aged 16.1 ± 0.6 years were compared by the competitive level (local, n = 34; national, n = 33) to examine construct validity. All single measurements appeared to be reasonably reliable: total (ICC = 0.924; 95%CI: 0.841 to 0.963); ideal (ICC = 0.913; 95%CI: 0.820 to 0.958); worst (ICC = 0.813; 95%CI: 0.611 to 0.910). In addition, the percentage of the coefficient of variation was below the critical value of 5% for total (%CV = 3.84; TEM = 2.51 s); ideal (%CV = 3.90, TEM = 2.48 s). Comparisons between local and national players suggested magnitude effects as follows: moderate (d-value ranged from 0.63 to 0.89) for all repeated sprint ability scores; large for total (d = 1.87), ideal (d = 1.72), worst (d = 1.28) and moderate for composite scores: the fatigue index (d = 0.69) and the decrement score (d = 0.67). In summary, the dribbling protocol presented reasonable reproducibility properties and output extracted from the protocol seemed to be independent from biological maturation.
Comparison of oxygen uptake during and after the execution of resistance exercises and exercises performed on ergometers, matched for intensity
Authors: Vilaça-Alves José , Freitas Nuno Miguel , Saavedra Francisco José , Scott Christopher B. , dos Reis Victor Machado , Simão Roberto , Garrido Nuno 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the values of oxygen uptake (VO2) during and after strength training exercises (STe) and ergometer exercises (Ee), matched for intensity and exercise time. Eight men (24 ± 2.33 years) performed upper and lower body cycling Ee at the individual’s ventilatory threshold (VE/VCO2). The STe session included half squats and the bench press which were performed with a load at the individual blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol/l. Both sessions lasted 30 minutes, alternating 50 seconds of effort with a 10 second transition time between upper and lower body work. The averaged overall VO2 between sessions was significantly higher for Ee (24.96 ± 3.6 ml·kg·min-1) compared to STe (21.66 ± 1.77 ml·kg·min-1) (p = 0.035), but this difference was only seen for the first 20 minutes of exercise. Absolute VO2 values between sessions did not reveal differences. There were more statistically greater values in Ee compared to STe, regarding VO2 of lower limbs (25.44 ± 3.84 ml·kg·min-1 versus 21.83 ± 2·24 ml·kg·min-1; p = 0.038) and upper limbs (24.49 ± 3.84 ml·kg·min-1 versus 21.54 ± 1.77 ml·kg·min-1; p = 0.047). There were further significant differences regarding the moment effect (p<0.0001) of both STe and Ee sessions. With respect to the moment × session effect, only VO2 5 minutes into recovery showed significant differences (p = 0.017). In conclusion, although significant increases in VO2 were seen following Ee compared to STe, it appears that the load/intensity, and not the material/equipment used for the execution of an exercise, are variables that best influence oxygen uptake.
Analysis of Setting Efficacy in Young Male and Female Volleyball Players
Authors: González-Silva Jara , Domínguez Alberto Moreno , Fernández-Echeverría Carmen , Rabaz Fernando Claver , Arroyo M. Perla Moreno 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to analyse the variables that predicted setting efficacy in complex I (KI) in volleyball, in formative categories and depending on gender. The study sample was comprised of 5842 game actions carried out by the 16 male category and the 18 female category teams that participated in the Under-16 Spanish Championship. The dependent variable was setting efficacy. The independent variables were grouped into: serve variables (a serve zone, the type of serve, striking technique, an in-game role of the server and serve direction), reception variables (a reception zone, a receiver player and reception efficacy) and setting variables (a setter‘s position, a setting zone, the type of a set, setting technique, a set’s area and tempo of a set). Multinomial logistic regression showed that the best predictive variables of setting efficacy, both in female and male categories, were reception efficacy, setting technique and tempo of a set. In the male category, the jump serve was the greatest predictor of setting efficacy, while in the female category, it was the set’s area. Therefore, in the male category, it was not only the preceding action that affected setting efficacy, but also the serve. On the contrary, in the female category, only variables of the action itself and of the previous action, reception, affected setting efficacy. The results obtained in the present study should be taken into account in the training process of both male and female volleyball players in formative stages.
Effects of Plyometric Training on Physical Fitness in Team Sport Athletes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Slimani Maamer , Chamari Karim , Miarka Bianca , Del Vecchio Fabricio B. , Chéour Foued 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Plyometric training (PT) is a very popular form of physical conditioning of healthy individuals that has been extensively studied over the last decades. In this article, we critically review the available literature related to PT and its effects on physical fitness in team sport athletes. We also considered studies that combined PT with other popular training modalities (e.g. strength/sprint training). Generally, short-term PT (i.e. 2-3 sessions a week for 4-16 weeks) improves jump height, sprint and agility performances in team sport players. Literature shows that short PT (<8 weeks) has the potential to enhance a wide range of athletic performance (i.e. jumping, sprinting and agility) in children and young adult amateur players. Nevertheless, 6 to 7 weeks training appears to be too short to improve physical performance in elite male players. Available evidence suggests that short-term PT on non-rigid surfaces (i.e. aquatic, grass or sand-based PT) could elicit similar increases in jumping, sprinting and agility performances as traditional PT. Furthermore, the combination of various plyometric exercises and the bilateral and unilateral jumps could improve these performances more than the use of single plyometric drills or traditional PT. Thus, the present review shows a greater effect of PT alone on jump and sprint (30 m sprint performance only) performances than the combination of PT with sprint/strength training. Although many issues related to PT remain to be resolved, the results presented in this review allow recommending the use of well-designed and sport-specific PT as a safe and effective training modality for improving jumping and sprint performance as well as agility in team sport athletes.
The Relationship Between Maximum Isometric Strength and Ball Velocity in the Tennis Serve
Authors: Baiget Ernest , Corbi Francisco , Fuentes Juan Pedro , Fernández-Fernández Jaime 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The aims of this study were to analyze the relationship between maximum isometric strength levels in different upper and lower limb joints and serve velocity in competitive tennis players as well as to develop a prediction model based on this information. Twelve male competitive tennis players (mean ± SD; age: 17.2 ± 1.0 years; body height: 180.1 ± 6.2 cm; body mass: 71.9 ± 5.6 kg) were tested using maximum isometric strength levels (i.e., wrist, elbow and shoulder flexion and extension; leg and back extension; shoulder external and internal rotation). Serve velocity was measured using a radar gun. Results showed a strong positive relationship between serve velocity and shoulder internal rotation (r = 0.67; p < 0.05). Low to moderate correlations were also found between serve velocity and wrist, elbow and shoulder flexion – extension, leg and back extension and shoulder external rotation (r = 0.36 – 0.53; p = 0.377 – 0.054). Bivariate and multivariate models for predicting serve velocity were developed, with shoulder flexion and internal rotation explaining 55% of the variance in serve velocity (r = 0.74; p < 0.001). The maximum isometric strength level in shoulder internal rotation was strongly related to serve velocity, and a large part of the variability in serve velocity was explained by the maximum isometric strength levels in shoulder internal rotation and shoulder flexion.
Examining the relationship between personality, organizational political skill and perceived team performance in a multinational military staff exercise context
Authors: Ohlsson Alicia , Hedlund Erik , Larsson Gerry 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Military staffs are composed of many smaller teams that are interdependent upon each other for a positive functioning level of the whole staff. Many factors can improve or harm the harmony of the staff. Recently, there has been an increased interest in the soft factors that may affect team performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the Big Five personality dimensions, political skill and perceived team performance in a multinational staff training event. The sample included 185 military staff officers (49% response rate). The results indicated that the personality dimension Emotional stability and Political skill had a limited, yet statistically significant, predictive power on team performance. Practical considerations and future research directions are suggested.
MRGN: New classification for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria
Authors: Kaase Martin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
New recommendations for infection control in the case of infection or colonization by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were published by the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO) at the Robert Koch Institute, Germany. In this context, a new definition for multidrug-resistance, the so-called MRGN classification, was introduced. This was necessary because previous definitions did not seem suitable for the purpose of hospital hygiene. The MRGN classification grades multidrug-resistance by severity distinguishing 3MRGN and 4MRGN, resulting in different recommendations for infection control. In addition, not all antibiotics are regarded as equally important in the classification, but only the most relevant classes, such as ureidopenicillins, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones, are taken into account. The MRGN classification is mainly based on resistance categories, not on resistance mechanisms. An exception has been made for carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, which are always classified as 4MRGN irrespective of their antibiogram due to their importance. The correct MRGN classification should only be performed by experienced microbiological laboratories and requires a reliable detection of carbapenemases.
Existence theory for sequential fractional differential equations with anti-periodic type boundary conditions
Authors: Aqlan Mohammed H. , Alsaedi Ahmed , Ahmad Bashir , Nieto Juan J. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We develop the existence theory for sequential fractional differential equations involving Liouville-Caputo fractional derivative equipped with anti-periodic type (non-separated) and nonlocal integral boundary conditions. Several existence criteria depending on the nonlinearity involved in the problems are presented by means of a variety of tools of the fixed point theory. The applicability of the results is shown with the aid of examples. Our results are not only new in the given configuration but also yield some new special cases for specific choices of parameters involved in the problems.
Some congruences for 3-component multipartitions
Authors: Zhao Tao Yan , Jin Lily J. , Gu C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLetp3(n) denote the number of 3-component multipartitions ofn. Recently, using a 3-dissection formula for the generating function ofp3(n), Baruah and Ojah proved that forn≥ 0,p3(9n+ 5) ≡ 0 (mod 33) andp3 (9n+ 8) ≡ 0 (mod 34). In this paper, we prove several congruences modulo powers of 3 forp3(n) by using some theta function identities. For example, we prove that forn≥ 0,p3 (243n+ 233) ≡p3 (729n+ 638) ≡ 0 (mod 310).
Convolutions of harmonic right half-plane mappings
Authors: Li YingChun , Liu ZhiHong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe first prove that the convolution of a normalized right half-plane mapping with another subclass of normalized right half-plane mappings with the dilatation−z(a+z)/(1+az)$ - z(a + z)/(1 + az)$is CHD (convex in the horizontal direction) provideda=1$a = 1$or−1≤a≤0$ - 1 \le a \le 0$. Secondly, we give a simply method to prove the convolution of two special subclasses of harmonic univalent mappings in the right half-plane is CHD which was proved by Kumar et al. [1, Theorem 2.2]. In addition, we derive the convolution of harmonic univalent mappings involving the generalized harmonic right half-plane mappings is CHD. Finally, we present two examples of harmonic mappings to illuminate our main results.
Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and postpandemic influenza in Lithuania
Authors: Ambrozaitis Arvydas , Radzišauskienė Daiva , Žagminas Kęstutis , Kuprevičienė Nerija , Gravenstein Stefan , Jančorienė Ligita 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The objective of this study is to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients hospitalized in Lithuania who are infected with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and to compare pandemic A(H1N1) pdm09 infection with postpandemic.
In total, 146 subjects hospitalized with influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 were identified from 2009–2011. There were 53 during the initial pandemic wave in the summer of 2009, 69 during the peak pandemic period, and 24 during the “postpandemic” period that we included in this study. There were 22 subjects who died after laboratory confirmation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09.
No deaths were documented during the first wave. Subjects presenting during the peak of pandemic influenza had a greater incidence of fever (100% vs 77.4%; p<0.001), dry cough (95.7% vs 82.7%; p=0.01), and vomiting (26.1% vs 1.9%, p<0.001) as compared with patients infected during the first wave. The rate of bacterial pneumonia was 18.8% (13/69) during the peak pandemic period and 12.5% (3/24, p=0.754) during the postpandemic period. None of the postpandemic influenza subjects’ intensive care unit stays were due to pneumonia.
The hospitalized early 2009 H1N1 pandemic cases and postpandemic cases were milder compared with those at the peak of pandemic activity.
D-shape polymer optical fibres for surface plasmon resonance sensing
Authors: Gasior K. , Martynkien T. , Wojcik G. , Mergo P. , Urbanczyk W. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe experimentally studied three different D-shape polymer optical fibres with an exposed core for their applications as surface plasmon resonance sensors. The first one was a conventional D-shape fibre with no microstructure while in two others the fibre core was surrounded by two rings of air holes. In one of the microstructured fibres we introduced special absorbing inclusions placed outside the microstructure to attenuate leaky modes. We compared the performance of the surface plasmon resonance sensors based on the three fibres. We showed that the fibre bending enhances the resonance in all investigated fibres. The measured sensitivity of about 610 nm/RIUfor the refractive index of glycerol solution around 1.350 is similar in all fabricated sensors. However, the spectral width of the resonance curve is significantly lower for the fibre with inclusions suppressing the leaky modes.
Coupled electric fields in photorefractive driven liquid crystal hybrid cells – theory and numerical simulation
Authors: Moszczyński P. , Walczak A. , Marciniak P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn cyclic articles previously published we described and analysed self-organized light fibres inside a liquid crystalline (LC) cell contained photosensitive polymer (PP) layer. Such asymmetric LC cell we call a hybrid LC cell. Light fibre arises along a laser beam path directed in plane of an LC cell. It means that a laser beam is parallel to photosensitive layer. We observed the asymmetric LC cell response on an external driving field polarization. Observation has been done for an AC field first. It is the reason we decided to carry out a detailed research for a DC driving field to obtain an LC cell response step by step. The properly prepared LC cell has been built with an isolating layer and garbage ions deletion. We proved by means of a physical model, as well as a numerical simulation that LC asymmetric response strongly depends on junction barriers between PP and LC layers. New parametric model for a junction barrier on PP/LC boundary has been proposed. Such model is very useful because of lack of proper conductivity and charge carriers of band structure data on LC material.
La aparente actualidad en el debate sobre los inmigrantes y refugiados
Authors: Molero Hernández Paz 
Published: October 2016

<p>En este trabajo se analiza si las raíces de la crisis actual de los refugiados e inmigrantes son propias de nuestro tiempo. Para ello, se compara con otra crisis que tuvo lugar en Europa en el siglo xvi, a raíz de la prohibición de la mendicidad, concretamente en España, en 1545. En ese año se aprobaron un conjunto de disposiciones jurídicas que seguían, a su vez, un movimiento que se estaba difundiendo en toda Europa para regular el ejercicio de la limosna y prohibir una costumbre hasta entonces bastante tolerada: la mendicidad. Domingo de Soto, dominico y uno de los principales integrantes de la Escuela de Salamanca, publicó un comentario titulado Deliberación sobre la causa de los pobres, a la que replicó, poco tiempo después, el benedictino Juan de Robles, dando lugar entonces a lo que se llamó “El debate sobre los pobres”. Se analiza también si las claves del problema son propias de nuestro tiempo o si se repiten y, por último, sin dar una solución concreta —porque dadas las dimensiones del problema parece imposible— se intenta dar luces para la reflexión de las distintas alternativas y posibilidades que se abren ante esta crisis humanitaria.</p>