bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identifying multispecies synchrony in response to environmental covariates
Authors: Swallow Ben , King Ruth , Buckland Stephen T. , Toms Mike P. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe importance of multispecies models for understanding complex ecological processes and interactions is beginning to be realized. Recent developments, such as those by Lahoz‐Monfort et al. (2011), have enabled synchrony in demographic parameters across multiple species to be explored. Species in a similar environment would be expected to be subject to similar exogenous factors, although their response to each of these factors may be quite different. The ability to group species together according to how they respond to a particular measured covariate may be of particular interest to ecologists. We fit a multispecies model to two sets of similar species of garden bird monitored under the British Trust for Ornithology's Garden Bird Feeding Survey. Posterior model probabilities were estimated using the reversible jump algorithm to compare posterior support for competing models with different species sharing different subsets of regression coefficients. There was frequently good agreement between species with small asynchronous random‐effect components and those with posterior support for models with shared regression coefficients; however, this was not always the case. When groups of species were less correlated, greater uncertainty was found in whether regression coefficients should be shared or not. The methods outlined in this study can test additional hypotheses about the similarities or synchrony across multiple species that share the same environment. Through the use of posterior model probabilities, estimated using the reversible jump algorithm, we can detect multispecies responses in relation to measured covariates across any combination of species and covariates under consideration. The method can account for synchrony across species in relation to measured covariates, as well as unexplained variation accounted for using random effects. For more flexible, multiparameter distributions, the support for species‐specific parameters can also be measured.
Extreme flood‐driven fluvial bank erosion and sediment loads: direct process measurements using integrated Mobile Laser Scanning (MLS) and hydro‐acoustic techniques
Authors: Leyland Julian , Hackney Christopher R. , Darby Stephen E. , Parsons Daniel R. , Best James L. , Nicholas Andrew P. , Aalto Rolf , Lague Dimitri 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis methods paper details the first attempt at monitoring bank erosion, flow and suspended sediment at a site during flooding on the Mekong River induced by the passage of tropical cyclones. We deployed integrated mobile laser scanning (MLS) and multibeam echo sounding (MBES), alongside acoustic Doppler current profiling (aDcp), to directly measure changes in river bank and bed at high (~0.05 m) spatial resolution, in conjunction with measurements of flow and suspended sediment dynamics. We outline the methodological steps used to collect and process this complex point cloud data, and detail the procedures used to process and calibrate the aDcp flow and sediment flux data. A comparison with conventional remote sensing methods of estimating bank erosion, using aerial images and Landsat imagery, reveals that traditional techniques are error prone at the high temporal resolutions required to quantify the patterns and volumes of bank erosion induced by the passage of individual flood events. Our analysis reveals the importance of cyclone‐driven flood events in causing high rates of erosion and suspended sediment transport, with a c. twofold increase in bank erosion volumes and a fourfold increase in suspended sediment volumes in the cyclone‐affected wet season. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osteogenic activity and antibacterial effect of porous titanium modified with metal‐organic framework films
Authors: Chen Junyu , Zhang Xin , Huang Chao , Cai He , Hu Shanshan , Wan Qianbing , Pei Xibo , Wang Jian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAs a new class of crystalline nanoporous materials, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently been used for biomedical applications due to their large surface area, high porosity, and theoretically infinite structures. To improve the biological performance of titanium, MOF films were applied to surface modification of titanium. Zn‐based MOF films composed of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) crystals with nanoscale and microscale sizes (nanoZIF‐8 and microZIF‐8) were prepared on porous titanium surfaces by hydrothermal and solvothermal methods, respectively. The ZIF‐8 films were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nanoZIF‐8 film exhibited good biocompatibility, whereas the microZIF‐8 film showed obvious cytotoxicity to MG63 cells. Compared to pure titanium and alkali‐ and heat‐treated porous titanium, the nanoZIF‐8 film not only enhanced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, extracellular matrix mineralization, and expression of osteogenic genes (ALP, Runx2) in MG63 cells but also inhibited the growth of Streptococcus mutans. These results indicate that MOF films or coatings may be promising candidates for bone tissue engineering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 834–846, 2017.
Novel functionalization strategies of polymeric nanoparticles as carriers for brain medications
Authors: Portioli Corinne , Bovi Michele , Benati Donatella , Donini Marta , Perduca Massimiliano , Romeo Alessandro , Dusi Stefano , Monaco Hugo L. , Bentivoglio Marina 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFor targeted brain delivery, nanoparticles (NPs) should bypass the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). Novel functionalization strategies, based on low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) binding domain, have been here tested to increase the brain targeting efficacy of polyd,l‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid (PLGA) NPs, biodegradable and suited for biomedical applications. Custom‐made PLGA NPs were functionalized with an apolipoprotein E modified peptide (pep‐apoE) responsible for LDLR binding, or with lipocalin‐type prostaglandin‐d‐synthase (L‐PGDS), highly expressed in the brain. At the comparison of pep‐apoE and L‐PGDS sequences, a highly homologs region was here identified, indicating that also L‐PGDS could bind LDLR. Non‐functionalized and functionalized NPs did not affect the viability of cultured human dendritic cells, protagonists of the immune response, and did not activate them to a proinflammatory profile. At 2 h after intravenous injection in mice, functionalized, but not the non‐functionalized ones, fluorescent‐tagged NPs were observed in the cerebral cortex parenchyma. The NPs were mostly internalized by neurons and microglia; glial cells showed a weak activation. The findings indicate that the tested functionalization strategies do not elicit adverse immune responses and that the peptidic moieties enable BBB traversal of the NPs, thus providing potential brain drug carriers. These could be especially effective for brain diseases in which LDLR is involved. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 847–858, 2017.
Free Fatty Acids Induce Autophagy and LOX‐1 Upregulation in Cultured Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Cheng Cheng‐I , Lee Yueh‐Hong , Chen Po‐Han , Lin Yu‐Chun , Chou Ming‐Huei , Kao Ying‐Hsien 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTElevation of free fatty acids (FFAs) is known to affect microvascular function and contribute to obesity‐associated insulin resistance, hypertension, and microangiopathy. Proliferative and synthetic vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) increase intimal thickness and destabilize atheromatous plaques. This study aimed to investigate whether saturated palmitic acid (PA) and monounsaturated oleic acid (OA) modulate autophagy activity, cell proliferation, and vascular tissue remodeling in an aortic VSMC cell line. Exposure to PA and OA suppressed growth of VSMCs without apoptotic induction, but enhanced autophagy flux with elevation of Beclin‐1, Atg5, and LC3I/II. Cotreatment with autophagy inhibitors potentiated the FFA‐suppressed VSMC growth and showed differential actions of PA and OA in autophagy flux retardation. Both FFAs upregulated lectin‐like oxidized low‐density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX‐1) but only OA increased LDL uptake by VSMCs. Mechanistically, FFAs induced hyperphosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 MAPK. All pathways, except OA‐activated PI3K/Akt cascade, were involved in the LOX‐1 upregulation, whereas blockade of PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK cascades ameliorated the FFA‐induced growth suppression on VSMCs. Moreover, both FFAs exhibited tissue remodeling effect through increasing MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression and their gelatinolytic activities, whereas high‐dose OA significantly suppressed collagen type I expression. Conversely, siRNA‐mediated LOX‐1 knockdown significantly attenuated the OA‐induced tissue remodeling effects in VSMCs. In conclusion, OA and PA enhance autophagy flux, suppress aortic VSMC proliferation, and exhibit vascular remodeling effect, thereby leading to the loss of VSMCs and interstitial ECM in vascular walls and eventually the instability of atheromatous plaques. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1249–1261, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Response of long‐term water availability to more extreme climate in the Pearl River Basin, China
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Zhang Lu , Shi Xiaogang , Chen Yongqin David 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTUnder global warming, increasing temporal variability of climatic factors at various timescales (e.g. from inter‐daily to inter‐annual) has been reported in many places of the world over the past decades. The changes of temporal variability can be characterized by more extreme climate, such as more frequent and intensive heavy precipitation, less light rain days, and longer dry spells. These changes can subsequently bring about more frequent and intensive hydrologic extremes, including floods and droughts. This study shows that increase in inter‐daily variability of precipitation and temperature not only triggers more intensive hydrologic extremes, but also causes considerable impacts on long‐term water availability. Sixteen climate scenarios are designed to separate overall changes of precipitation and temperature into two aspects: (1) change in monthly mean and (2) change in inter‐daily variability. Runoff of the Pearl River Basin (PRB) is simulated by the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model under these scenarios. The results indicate that increase in inter‐daily variability of the climate alone can lead to considerable increase in long‐term water availability with reduced actual evapotranspiration (AET). The simulations also show that the inter‐daily interaction between precipitation and temperature (i.e. lower temperature on a rain day) is important for long‐term hydrologic simulations. The changing directions of simulated AET under scenarios with this interaction are opposite to those under scenarios without the interaction.
Aligning the planets: The role of nurses in the care of patients with non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Deaton Christi , Johnson Rachel , Evans Maggie , Timmis Adam , Zaman Justin , Hemingway Harry , Hughes Jacqueline , Feder Gene , Cramer Helen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundStudies have shown variation in care for patients with non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI), including in the roles of specialist and advanced practice nurses in diagnosis, treatment and coordination of care.AimThe aim of this study was to describe the roles and responsibilities of specialist and advanced practice nurses in providing care for patients with NSTEMI.MethodsSecondary analysis of observational field notes and interviews from an ethnographic study of variation in care for NSTEMI patients in 10 UK hospitals conducted 2011–2012. Data were thematically analysed to identify key concepts and themes related to the roles of specialist nurses.ResultsSeven of 10 hospitals had roles for specialist nurses in NSTEMI care. The major theme related to high demand and the complexity of patients and organizations (‘Aligning the planets’). In this theme, nurses contributed to improving services or compensating for deficiencies (‘Making the system work versus making up for the system’). Data collection for audit could take precedence over time with patients (‘Paying worship to the paper’). Nurses expressed a sense of ownership of cardiovascular patients that drove their desire to provide quality of care (‘They are our patients’).
Medication prior authorization in pediatric hematology and oncology
Authors: Dickens David S. , Pollock Brad H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundMedication prior authorization (PA) is a commonly occurring requirement, particularly for medications used for rare conditions. Based on standard definitions, cancer and many blood disorders affecting children are rare. The study aims were to describe the relative frequency of PA requests and their association with payers and medications in order to identify opportunities to improve system efficiency.ProcedureRequests for medication PA were logged prospectively for patients seen at a single institution over a 7‐month period. Period prevalence was used to estimate the relative frequency of PA requests. Descriptive statistics summarized the relationship among payers, medications, and approvals relative to the frequency of PA requests.ResultsFor the study duration of 150 clinic days, there were 5,583 patient visits. A total of 142 medication PA requests were received resulting in a period prevalence rate of 2.5% patient visits. Of the 137 medication PA requests with available outcome data, 135 (98.5%) were ultimately approved with additional provider efforts. The median clinic staff time spent per request was 46 min with an interquartile range of 25–80 min. There was striking process heterogeneity among different payers.ConclusionVirtually no medication PA request in pediatric hematology and oncology (PHO) leads to alterations in care. Medication utilization management strategies in PHO fail to provide benefits reported in other areas of medicine and have unmeasured negative effects on timeliness of care and parenteral psychological/emotional health. There is opportunity for increasing efficiency through payer and provider collaboration on the creation of prescribing standards for PHO patients.
Hypofractionated re‐irradiation to the brainstem in children with recurrent brain tumors
Authors: Waxweiler Timothy V. , Amini Arya , Vinogradskiy Yevgeniy , Yeh Norman , Foreman Nicholas K. , Hankinson Todd C. , Liu Arthur K. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo characterize radiation necrosis following hypofractionated brainstem re‐irradiation in pediatric patients, we reviewed 23 cases with 28 tumors invading or abutting brainstem and treated with hypofractionated re‐irradiation from 2004 to 2014. Re‐irradiation delivered total doses of 16–30 Gy in two to five fractions. The most commons regimens used were 24 Gy in three fractions and 25 Gy in five fractions. At median follow‐up of 12.8 months, median overall survival was 14.7 months and eight in‐field recurrences were detected (median time 10.5 months). Five patients experienced symptomatic brainstem necrosis, and all having received 24 Gy in three fractions. Hypofractionated brainstem re‐irradiation may be safer in five fractions.
Comparative analysis of the cost and effectiveness of generic and brand‐name antibiotics: the case of uncomplicated urinary tract infection
Authors: Lin Yu‐Shiuan , Jan I‐Shiow , Cheng Shou‐Hsia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPurposeGeneric medications used for chronic diseases are beneficial in containing healthcare costs and improving drug accessibility. However, the effects of generic drugs in acute and severe illness remain controversial. This study aims to investigate treatment costs and outcomes of generic antibiotics prescribed for adults with a urinary tract infection in outpatient settings.MethodsThe data source was the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database of Taiwan. We included outpatients aged 20 years and above with a urinary tract infection who required one oral antibiotic for which brand‐name and generic products were simultaneously available. Drug cost and overall healthcare expense of the index consultation, healthcare cost during a 42‐day follow‐up period, and treatment failure rates were the main dependent variables. Data were compared between brand‐name and generic users from the entire cohort and a propensity score‐matched samples.ResultsResults from the entire cohort and propensity score‐matched samples were similar. Daily antibiotic cost was significantly lower among generic users than brand‐name users. Significant lower total drug claims of the index consultation only existed in patients receiving the investigated antibiotics, while the drug price between brand‐name and generic versions were relatively large (e.g., >50%). The overall healthcare cost of the index consultation, healthcare expenditure during a 42‐day follow‐up period, and treatment failure rates were similar between the two groups.ConclusionsCompared with those treated with brand‐name antibiotics, outpatients who received generic antibiotics had equivalent treatment outcomes with lower drug costs. Generic antibiotics are effective and worthy of adoption among outpatients with simple infections indicating oral antibiotic treatment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
People Living With HIV: Implications for Rehabilitation Nurses
Authors: Perazzo Joseph D. , Webel Allison R. , McGough Ellen , Voss Joachim 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to present a brief overview of challenges faced by people living with HIV (PLHIV) as they age, to discuss the relevance of HIV to rehabilitation nurses, and to provide evidence-based recommendations for rehabilitation professionals working with PLHIV.

Design:
Current issues article.

Methods:
Literature review related to age-related comorbidities in PLHIV with implications for rehabilitation nurses.

Findings:
Rehabilitation nurses must be prepared to address issues specific to people living with HIV including sensitivity and privacy regarding HIV status and increased risk of delayed or complicated healing. Rehabilitation nurses should also promote self-management behavior to optimize health in people living with HIV.

Conclusions:
Understanding unique characteristics of PLHIV as well as applying focused assessment and tailored interventions in PLHIV will give rehabilitation nurses the tools to successfully guide PLHIV through the rehabilitation process and optimize clinical outcomes.

Clinical Relevance:
As people with HIV age and experience acute and chronic comorbidities, they will require the clinical expertise of rehabilitation nurses in the process to successfully transition through acute and subacute health care and regain function.
Language Games
Authors: Asher Nicholas , Paul Soumya 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper we summarize concepts from earlier work and demonstrate how infinite sequential games can be used to model strategic conversations. Such a model allows one to reason about the structure and complexity of various kinds of winning goals that conversationalists might have. We show how to use tools from topology, set-theory and logic to express such goals. Our contribution in this paper is to offer a detailed examination of an example in which a player ‘defeats himself’ by going inconsistent, and to introduce a simple yet revealing way of talking about unawareness. We then demonstrate how we can use ideas from epistemic game theory to define various solution concepts and justify rationality assumptions underlying a conversation.
A Compositional Distributional Inclusion Hypothesis
Authors: Kartsaklis Dimitri , Sadrzadeh Mehrnoosh 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe distributional inclusion hypothesis provides a pragmatic way of evaluating entailment between word vectors as represented in a distributional model of meaning. In this paper, we extend this hypothesis to the realm of compositional distributional semantics, where meanings of phrases and sentences are computed by composing their word vectors. We present a theoretical analysis for how feature inclusion is interpreted under each composition operator, and propose a measure for evaluating entailment at the phrase/sentence level. We perform experiments on four entailment datasets, showing that intersective composition in conjunction with our proposed measure achieves the highest performance.
Factorization and resummation for jet processes
Authors: Becher Thomas , Neubert Matthias , Rothen Lorena , Shao Ding Yu 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
From a detailed analysis of cone-jet cross sections in effective field theory, we obtain novel factorization theorems which separate the physics associated with different energy scales present in such processes. The relevant low-energy physics is encoded in Wilson lines along the directions of the energetic particles inside the jets. This multi-Wilson-line structure is present even for narrow-cone jets due to the relevance of small-angle soft radiation. We discuss the renormalization-group equations satisfied by these operators. Their solution resums all logarithmically enhanced contributions to such processes, including non-global logarithms. Such logarithms arise in many observables, in particular whenever hard phase-space constraints are imposed, and are not captured with standard resummation techniques. Our formalism provides the basis for higher-order logarithmic resummations of jet and other non-global observables. As a nontrivial consistency check, we use it to obtain explicit two-loop results for all logarithmically enhanced terms in cone-jet cross sections and verify those against numerical fixed-order computations.
The Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of Disolketal Iminodiacetic Acid (DSIDA)
Authors: Wyatt Victor T. , Strahan Gary D. , Jones Kerby 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDisolketal iminodiacetic acid (DSIDA) has been synthesized from the enzyme‐catalyzed condensation reaction between derivatives of iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and glycerol. According to all available literature, DSIDA is a novel diester that has never been synthesized. It is a precursor to water‐soluble polyhydric alcohols and helps to address the global need of the biodiesel industry to find new uses for glycerol. Reacting diMe‐IDA with solketal, a protected glycerol, produced DSIDA in yields as high as 96.4% under optimal reaction conditions of 70 °C and 200 Torr for 24 h. The reaction was monitored using ATR‐IR and a validated GC method. ATR‐IR monitored the disappearance of the primary solketal alcohol and the appearance of cyclic solketal ether bonds in the molecular backbone of the intermediates and product. Structural analysis of the intermediates and products was performed using two‐dimensional NMR, GC, GC–MS and elemental analysis. All spectral data was in agreement with the proposed structures for the chemical reaction. Thermal profiles were determined by TGA to be single‐stage decompositions above 160 °C.