bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Defocus Curves of Different Modern Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
Authors: Plaza-Puche Ana B. , Alio Jorge L. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose To compare the visual performance in patients implanted with different modern multifocal intraocular lens (mfIOL) models using defocus curves. Methods This prospective, interventional, comparative, nonrandomized consecutive series of cases included 60 patients (45-87 years) who underwent binocular cataract surgery. Patients were divided into 4 groups depending on the intraocular lens (IOL) implanted after cataract surgery: group A, 15 patients with AT LISA tri 839MP IOL (Carl Zeiss Meditec); group B, 15 patients with FineVision trifocal IOL (PhysIOL); group C, 15 patients with ReSTOR SN6AD1 bifocal IOL (Alcon); and group D, 15 patients with Acri. Smart 48S monofocal IOL (Carl Zeiss Meditec). Distance and near visual acuity outcomes and defocus curve of each one of the mfIOLs were evaluated postoperatively during a 3-month follow-up. Results Statistically significant differences in distance and near vision were found among groups (p<0.01). Statistically significant differences were found among groups (p<0.01) for defocus levels ranging from −4.00 D to +0.50 D. Statistically significant differences were found between trifocal IOL groups for defocus levels ranging from −2.00 to +1.00 D (p<0.01), with better values of visual acuity for group A. Statistically significant differences were detected between groups A and C for defocus levels of −1.50 and −1.00 D with better visual acuity for group A. Conclusions Multifocal IOLs provide good distance, near, and intermediate visual acuity. The AT LISA tri MP839 showed better outcomes for intermediate vision than the FineVision and AcrySof ReSTOR SN6AD1 IOLs. By knowing the defocus curve profile of each lens, the surgeon can select the best IOL.
Quantification of Neutrophil Polymorphs in Infected and Noninfected Second-Stage Revision Hip Arthroplasties
Authors: Munemoto Mitsuru , Inagaki Yusuke , Tanaka Yasuhito , Grammatopoulos George , Athanasou Nicholas A. 
Published: May 2016

Aims In the diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), a heavy neutrophil polymorph (NP) infiltrate (>5 per high-power field [HPF] by MSIS criteria) is characteristically seen in periprosthetic tissues. PJI is commonly treated by a two-stage procedure with surgical clearance of infected tissues followed by intensive antibiotic treatment before re-implantation; tissues are sampled at the time of second stage but whether MSIS histological criteria can be used to diagnose the presence or absence of infection in second stage samples has not been established. Methods Periprosthetic tissues from 31 cases of second-stage revision hip arthroplasty (including 3 cases fulfilling the microbiological MSIS criteria for PJI), were analysed histologically after haematoxylin-eosin and chloroacetate esterase (CAE) staining. The extent of the NP infiltrate was determined semiquantitatively and correlated with the microbiological diagnosis. Results CAE staining facilitated identification of NPs in arthroplasty tissues and showed that in those cases where an organism was cultured in 2 or more samples, meeting the MSIS microbiological criteria for definite diagnosis of PJI, there was a heavy polymorph infiltrate (>5 NP per HPF on average). It was noted that isolated or scattered NPs were seen in 42.8% of periprosthetic tissues from noninfected second-stage revisions. Conclusions The MSIS histological criteria which support a diagnosis of PJI in specimens from a primary revision hip arthroplasty (i.e. >5 NPs per HPF on average) are also valid for the assessment of a second-stage specimens. NPs can be seen in samples of periprosthetic tissue from uninfected second-stage revisions, indicating that strict histological criteria should be used in evaluating their significance in this context.
Risk Assessment and Usefulness of Musculocutaneous Flap Transposition for Recurrent Septic Arthritis of the Hip in Adults
Authors: Ohtsuru Tadahiko , Murata Yasuaki , Morita Yuji , Sakurai Hiroyuki , Kato Yoshiharu 
Published: May 2016

Purpose Septic arthritis of the hip joint in adults often progresses to recurrent infections that require repeated surgeries for treatment. The purpose of the present study was to assess the risk of a recalcitrant hip infection and the usefulness of musculocutaneous flap transposition. Methods 15 adult patients who underwent surgeries for the treatment of hip infections were retrospectively analysed. Patients who recovered from infection by undergoing arthroscopy, open irrigation, debridement, continuous irrigation, resection arthroplasty, and/or the placement of antibiotic-loaded acrylic cement were classified into Group A (n = 10). Patients who showed residual infection after multiple surgeries and ultimately recovered after undergoing musculocutaneous flap transposition were classified into Group B (n = 5). The age at onset, sex, incidence of multi-drug-resistant organisms, incidence of infection at other sites, compromising factors, peak pre-operative C-reactive protein level, and period from onset to initial surgery were compared between groups. Results There was a statistically significant difference in the period from onset to initial surgery (p = 0.024). The infections remained chronic after multiple surgeries in most patients who had complications and/or a poor general or local condition. All of the patients recovered after musculocutaneous flap transposition without the need for additional surgery and did not experience recurrence during the follow-up period in Group B. Conclusions Delayed diagnosis and/or treatment and compromised host caused recurrent septic arthritis of the hip in adults. Musculocutaneous flap transposition may be a useful method for the treatment of recalcitrant hip infection.
O INGLÊS NA ESCOLA REGULAR: UM DESAFIO PARA O PROFESSOR
Authors: Pontes Vanessa Freitas , Davel Marcos Alede Nunes 
Published: May 2016

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo relatar alguns obstáculos enfrentados pelos professores de língua inglesa na educação básica. Devido à variedade de métodos e, algumas vezes, falta de domínio do idioma, os professores não conseguem motivar os alunos a aprender a língua estrangeira, esta, por sua vez, faz parte do currículo básico das disciplinas do ensino fundamental, sendo, portanto, obrigatória.
Éléments indicateurs de la laïcité dans le cadre de discussions d’enseignants sur l’éducation à la citoyenneté à l’école secondaire
Authors: Courtine Sinave Sylvie , Jutras France 
Published: May 2016

Dans le cadre d’une recherche collaborative sur l’éducation à la citoyenneté, les discussions d’enseignants du secondaire et d’universitaires sont analysées sous l’angle d’indicateurs de la laïcité, c’est-à-dire de la liberté de conscience et de culte liée à la tolérance, l’égalité des droits, la fraternité, l’émancipation, la séparation de l’Église et de l’État, le droit et l’ordre public juste. L’analyse des discussions permet de dégager que, selon ces intervenants, le rôle de l’école est primordial dans la gestion du social et que des valeurs reliées à la laïcité sont actualisées dans le cadre de l’enseignement de l’histoire et éducation à la citoyenneté au secondaire : la primauté du droit, l’émancipation, l’importance de l’espace public.
L’exploitation financière des personnes aînées au Québec : le point de vue des professionnels
Authors: Rossi Catherine , Grenier Jennifer , Crête Raymonde , Stylios Alexandre 
Published: May 2016

En ce qui a trait à l’exploitation financière des personnes aînées, les recherches scientifiques ont mis de l’avant le rôle important que peuvent jouer, en matière de détection ou de signalement, les professionnels qui travaillent au quotidien auprès des aînés : notaires, comptables, banquiers, travailleurs sociaux, médecins et avocats. Ces professionnels ont la possibilité de jouer un rôle de « sonde » auprès des aînés : à l’affût des signes de leur bien-être, ils sont aussi les mieux placés pour détecter des formes d’exploitation. Cet article présente les résultats préliminaires d’une enquête de terrain qualitative et exploratoire, menée au cours des années 2014 et 2015 auprès d’un échantillon total de 27 professionnels-« sondes », principalement de la région de Québec, enquête qui a permis de faire un bilan de la situation quant à leur volonté et, plus particulièrement, à leur capacité de détecter ou de signaler les situations potentiellement problématiques qu’ils constatent dans le cadre de leurs fonctions quotidiennes. Les résultats de la recherche permettent d’analyser les ressources, les manques et les besoins de ces acteurs, en plus de mettre en lumière l’ensemble des autres stratégies qu’ils déploient en vue de protéger leur clientèle vulnérable, tout en préservant les responsabilités professionnelles qu’ils doivent assumer.
Littératie financière : une solution efficace pour la protection des personnes aînées ?
Authors: Tchotourian Ivan 
Published: May 2016

Les États se préoccupent de plus en plus de l’éducation financière tant la maîtrise des questions financières est devenue un sujet complexe. Il s’agit d’une préoccupation constante au Canada et au Québec depuis le milieu des années 2000. L’adoption récente au Canada de la stratégie nationale pour la littératie financière en témoigne. En dépit d’un consensus quasi unanime entourant la littératie financière aussi bien dans les milieux politiques qu’universitaires, celle-ci soulève de sérieuses interrogations quant à son efficacité, notamment lorsque le destinataire est une personne aînée. Les recommandations actuelles en matière de littératie financière répondent-elles adéquatement aux besoins de ses destinataires ? Ce choix de politique législative permet-il d’assurer une protection adéquate des personnes aînées et est-il susceptible de contrer l’exploitation financière dont elles peuvent faire l’objet ? L’accent mis sur le renforcement de la capacité à prendre des décisions financières éclairées doit-il être approuvé ?
L’encadrement des procurations accordées par les personnes aînées au Québec : une
appréciation critique
Authors: Normand-Heisler Marie-Josée 
Published: May 2016

Les personnes aînées qui se trouvent dans une situation de vulnérabilité donnent
souvent une procuration à un proche, habituellement un gestionnaire néophyte, pour obtenir
une assistance dans la gestion de leurs affaires. Au Québec, les procurations sont régies
par les règles du Code civil du Québec relatives au mandat et à l’administration du
bien d’autrui. Dans cette recherche, nous analysons les décisions des tribunaux de droit
commun rendues en matière civile sur une période de 15 ans, afin de mettre en relief
l’inadéquation de ce corpus législatif comme instrument de prévention des manquements de la
part des mandataires appelés à gérer le patrimoine d’une personne aînée. En guise de
comparaison, notre étude rend compte des efforts déployés aux États-Unis pour proposer un
cadre législatif en vue de mieux répondre aux besoins de protection des personnes aînées
vulnérables dans le contexte spécifique de notre recherche.
ARGUMENTAÇÃO EM FOCO: CONCEPÇÕES, REFLEXÕES E PRÁTICA DE UMA PROFESSORA DO ANO 5
Authors: Leal Telma Ferraz , Brandão Ana Carolina Perrusi , Guerra Severina Erika Morais Silva , Carvalho Edla Ferraz Correia 
Published: May 2016

Por meio de um estudo de caso, buscou-se refletir, nesta pesquisa, sobre as concepções de uma professora sobre o ensino da argumentação. A docente foi observada durante dois meses, perfazendo um total de quinze aulas gravadas, em turnos de quatro horas. Após essa etapa, a professora foi entrevistada e solicitada a analisar, em voz alta, a transcrição de uma aula na qual outra professora propôs atividades dirigidas para o desenvolvimento de habilidades argumentativas. A análise das aulas e da entrevista revelou que a docente observada propiciava variadas propostas de leitura e escrita, aproximando os alunos de situações miméticas às vivenciadas pelos estudantes fora da escola, envolvendo a circulação de diferentes gêneros. No entanto, contemplava o ensino da argumentação de forma repetitiva: ler um texto, fazer perguntas e discutir. A concepção da docente era que tal procedimento seria suficiente para ensinar as crianças a argumentar. Não houve situações em que os estudantes fossem estimulados a se engajar em atividades de leitura e produção de textos para atender a finalidades sociais diversificadas, ou que tivessem que interagir com pessoas externas ao ambiente de sala de aula. O estudo evidenciou que tal concepção pode resultar de uma reflexão pouco desenvolvida sobre os gêneros discursivos e práticas de linguagem na formação da docente.
Benzodiazepine use, misuse, and abuse: A review
Authors: Schmitz Allison 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Benzodiazepine (BZD) abuse has reached epidemic levels and results in poor outcomes, particularly when combined with concomitant central nervous system depressants. BZDs are abused most commonly in combination with opioids and alcohol. Emergency department visits and related deaths have soared in recent years. In the absence of other medications or illicit substances, BZDs are rarely the sole cause of death. Prescription drug abuse has received more attention in recent years, yet much remains unknown about BZD abuse. BZDs have low abuse potential in most of the general population. A subset is at elevated risk of abuse, especially those with a history of a substance use disorder. Education, prevention, and identification are vital in reducing BZD abuse.
The sensitivity of surface mass loading displacement response to perturbations in the elastic structure of the crust and mantle
Authors: Martens Hilary R. , Rivera Luis , Simons Mark , Ito Takeo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSurface mass loads generate a rich spectrum of deformation responses in the solid Earth that might be exploited to probe the material properties of the crust and mantle. Here we present a detailed examination of load‐induced surface displacements and their sensitivities to systematic perturbations in elastic Earth structure. We compute Love numbers and displacement load Green's functions (LGFs) by integrating the equations of motion for spheroidal deformation of a radially heterogeneous and self‐gravitating Earth. Sensitivity kernels are derived for individual Love numbers numerically using finite differences and quasi‐analytically using calculus of variations. We then generate sensitivity kernels for displacement LGFs by systematically perturbing the preliminary reference Earth model. We find that displacement LGFs are most sensitive to elastic structural perturbations within 500 km depth from the surface and for short source‐receiver distances. For separate perturbations to the shear modulus, bulk modulus, and density within the crust and mantle, the sensitivity kernels exhibit unique patterns, consistent with the possibility to constrain the parameters independently given a spatially distributed set of sufficiently accurate loading response observations. The sensitivity to density structure, however, is generally weak in comparison to elastic structure. We also examine the sensitivity of surface displacements caused by M2 ocean tidal loading (OTL) to systematic perturbations in the elastic moduli and density. Since OTL‐induced surface displacements are load and site dependent, we focus on high‐resolution profiles across Iceland as a case study. The sensitivity kernels constitute a key element in the formulation of the inverse problem with application to geodetic tomography.
Evaporation of NaCl solution from porous media with mixed wettability
Authors: Bergstad Mina , Shokri Nima 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEvaporation of saline water from porous media is ubiquitous in many processes including soil salinization, crop production, and CO2 sequestration in deep saline acquirer. It is controlled by the transport properties of porous media, atmospheric conditions, and properties of the evaporating saline solution. In the present study, the effects of mixed wettability conditions on the general dynamics of water evaporation from porous media saturated with NaCl solution were investigated. To do so, we conducted a comprehensive series of evaporation experiments using sand mixtures containing different fractions of hydrophobic grains saturated with NaCl solutions. Our results showed that increasing fraction of hydrophobic grains in the mixed wettability sand pack had minor impact on the evaporative mass losses due to the presence of salt whose precipitation patterns were significantly influenced by the mixed wettability condition. Through macroscale and microscale investigations, we found formation of patchy efflorescence in the case of mixed wettability sand pack as opposed to crusty efflorescence in the case of completely hydrophilic porous media. Furthermore, the presence of salty water and hydrophobic grains in the sand pack significantly influenced the general dynamics and morphology of the receding drying front. Our results extend the understanding of the saline water evaporation from porous media with direct applications to various hydrological and engineering processes.
Copper‐Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Hydrazones Leading to the Formation of Quaternary α‐Trifluoromethyl Diazenes
Authors: Prieto Alexis , Bouyssi Didier , Monteiro Nuno 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed azomethine trifluoromethylation of ketone‐derived hydrazones with Togni′s hypervalent iodine(III)‐CF3 reagent is described. The reaction gives rise to quaternary α‐trifluoromethyl diazenes under mild conditions and is proposed to proceed via a radical process.
Hochaktive Titanocen‐Katalysatoren für Epoxid‐Hydrosilylierungen – Synthese, Theorie, Kinetik, EPR‐Spektroskopie
Authors: Henriques Dina Schwarz G. , Zimmer Katharina , Klare Sven , Meyer Andreas , Rojo‐Wiechel Elena , Bauer Mirko , Sure Rebecca , Grimme Stefan , Schiemann Olav , Flowers Robert A. , Gansäuer Andreas 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie einfache Erzeugung von Titanocen(III)‐Hydriden ermöglicht Epoxid‐Hydrosilylierungen mit geringen Katalysatormengen, hohen Ausbeuten und Selektivitäten in der Radikalreduktion. Die Untersuchung des Mechanismus mittels kinetischer, EPR‐spektroskopischer und theoretischer Methoden legt einen ungewöhnlichen Ruhezustand des Katalysators nahe, der zu einer inversen Reaktionsordnung im Epoxid führt.
Transfer of Electrophilic NH Using Convenient Sources of Ammonia: Direct Synthesis of NH Sulfoximines from Sulfoxides
Authors: Zenzola Marina , Doran Robert , Degennaro Leonardo , Luisi Renzo , Bull James A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA new system for NH transfer is developed for the preparation of sulfoximines, which are emerging as valuable motifs for drug discovery. The protocol employs readily available sources of nitrogen without the requirement for either preactivation or for metal catalysts. Mixing ammonium salts with diacetoxyiodobenzene directly converts sulfoxides into sulfoximines. This report describes the first example of using of ammonia sources with diacetoxyiodobenzene to generate an electrophilic nitrogen center. Control and mechanistic studies suggest a short‐lived electrophilic intermediate, which is likely to be PhINH or PhIN+.
Controlled Generation of Singlet Oxygen in Living Cells with Tunable Ratios of the Photochromic Switch in Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Park Jihye , Jiang Qin , Feng Dawei , Zhou Hong‐Cai 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDevelopment of a photosensitizing system that can reversibly control the generation of singlet oxygen (1O2) is of great interest for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Recently several photosensitizer–photochromic‐switch dyads were reported as a potential means of the 1O2 control in PDT. However, the delivery of such a homogeneous molecular dyad as designed (e.g., optimal molar ratio) is extremely challenging in living systems. Herein we show a Zr‐MOF nanoplatform, demonstrating energy transfer‐based 1O2 controlled PDT. Our strategy allows for tuning the ratios between photosensitizer and the switch molecule, enabling maximum control of 1O2 generation. Meanwhile, the MOF provides proximal placement of the functional entities for efficient intermolecular energy transfer. As a result, the MOF nanoparticle formulation showed enhanced PDT efficacy with superior 1O2 control compared to that of homogeneous molecular analogues.
Synthesis and Characterization of Dirhenadehydro[12]annulenes
Authors: Chen Jiangxi , Lee Ka‐Ho , Sung Herman H. Y. , Williams Ian D. , Lin Zhenyang , Jia Guochen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe 12‐membered‐ring metallacycles [mer‐Re{≡CCH=C(R)C≡C−}Cl(PMe2Ph)3)]2 (R=CMe3, 1‐adamantyl), which are organometallic analogues of antiaromatic octadehydro[12]annulene, are prepared by heating the methyl carbyne complexes mer‐Re{≡CCH=C(R)C≡CH}(CH3)Cl(PMe2Ph)3. An intermolecular σ‐bond metathesis between the Re−CH3 bond and the acetylenic C−H bond is proposed for their formation.
Cone of skin exists in rat: A “hypertrophic scarring free” animal
Authors: Zuo Yanhai , Yu Xiaoping , Lu Shuliang 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTCone of skin is deemed to be related to hypertrophic scarring and absent in such traditionally “hypertrophic scarring and keloid free” animals as rat. The purpose of our study is to determine whether the cone of skin exists in rat. If it was, why it was ignored, and what was the meaning of it. The depilation of left dorsum of 32 male Sprague‐Dawley rats was performed using a wax/rosin mixture. Skin samples were harvested on 0 d, 3 d, 9 d, 15 d, 21 d, 27 d, 33 d, and 39 d after depilation and stained by hematoxylin and eosin methods. Light microscopic observation of the dermis‐fat interface was studied at 25× magnification. It was observed that, “dome” like fat tissue bulged up into the dermis from 3 d to 27 d and hair follicle bulged down into the “dome” like fat tissue from 15 d to 27 d and a “cone” like structure was seen. Cone of skin exists in rat in certain stages of hair follicle cycle, which is a valuable addition to the scientific literature and might be a challenge to the relation between cone of skin and hypertrophic scarring. Anat Rec, 299:1140–1144, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.