bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PANENTHEISM AND NATURAL SCIENCE: A GOOD MATCH?
Authors: Drees Willem B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIs panentheism a metaphysical and religious understanding of the divine and of the world that aligns better with science than classical theism? In order to address this question, I'll present brief descriptions of theism, pantheism, and panentheism, and of religious visions as integrating models of the world and models for the world. In this respect, science has its limitations. The conclusion that I will argue for is that naturalistic varieties of theism, pantheism, and panentheism do equally well with respect to the natural sciences, and hence that there is no argument from science that favors a panentheistic metaphysics. There may be philosophical or religious arguments that make one prefer one position over another. Science can be involved in the choice for one interpretation of a religious‐metaphysical view such as panentheism. Thus, science might play a role in the development of positions, once chosen, and hence in intra‐religious competition, even though it cannot be decisive on fundamental choices in metaphysics.
Endothelial Piezo1 channels as sensors of exercise
Authors: Beech David J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPiezo1 channels are newly discovered ion channels which have come to the fore as players in endothelial biology. They have a key role as sensors of shear stress, a frictional force which arises in vascular biology because of blood flow. Endothelial Piezo1 channels are critical in murine embryonic development, just after the heart starts to beat and drive blood into the nascent endothelial network. In contrast they are not critical at the adult stage but they are important for performance in whole body physical activity where they have a vascular bed‐specific effect to cause mesenteric resistance artery vasoconstriction, achieved through opposition to the vasodilatory mechanism of endothelium‐derived hyperpolarization. These are our first insights into the relevance of endothelial Piezo1 channels and there is clearly much more to be done to understand the significance and underlying molecular mechanisms. The suggestion that they constitute an exercise sensor by virtue of their shear stress‐sensing capability is intriguing and could open the way to better understanding of the molecular basis of the response to exercise and determination of how the health benefits of exercise arise. Enhanced Piezo1 channel activity has been demonstrated in response to the Yoda1 molecule and this suggests the possibility for developing tools which probe and manipulate this aspect of the exercise system. Whether such agents might progress to ‘exercise pills’ and whether the existence of such pills would be desirable are matters for further work and debate.
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Shotgun Metagenomics and Volatilome Profile of the Microbiota of Fermented Sausages
Authors: Ferrocino Ilario , Bellio Alberto , Giordano Manuela , Macori Guerrino , Romano Angelo , Rantsiou Kalliopi , Decastelli Lucia , Cocolin Luca 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Changes in the microbial gene content and abundance can be analyzed to detect shifts in the microbiota composition due to the use of a starter culture in the food fermentation process, with the consequent shift of key metabolic pathways directly connected with product acceptance. Meat fermentation is a complex process involving microbes that metabolize the main components in meat. The breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids can lead to the formation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can drastically affect the organoleptic characteristics of the final products. The present meta-analysis, performed with the shotgun DNA metagenomic approach, focuses on studying the microbiota and its gene content in an Italian fermented sausage produced by using a commercial starter culture (a mix of
Lactobacillus sakei
and
Staphylococcus xylosus
), with the aim to discover the connections between the microbiota, microbiome, and the release of volatile metabolites during ripening. The inoculated fermentation with the starter culture limited the development of
Enterobacteriaceae
and reduced the microbial diversity compared to that from spontaneous fermentation. KEGG database genes associated with the reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol (EC 1.1.1.1), acetyl phosphate to acetate (EC 2.7.2.1), and 2,3-butanediol to acetoin (EC 1.1.1.4) were most abundant in inoculated samples (I) compared to those in spontaneous fermentation samples (S). The volatilome profiles were highly consistent with the abundance of the genes; elevated acetic acid (1,173.85 μg/kg), ethyl acetate (251.58 μg/kg), and acetoin (1,100.19 μg/kg) were observed in the presence of the starters at the end of fermentation. Significant differences were found in the liking of samples based on flavor and odor, suggesting a higher preference by consumers for the spontaneous fermentation samples. Inoculated samples exhibited the lowest scores for the liking data, which were clearly associated with the highest concentration of acetic acid.

IMPORTANCE
We present an advance in the understanding of meat fermentation by coupling DNA sequencing metagenomics and metabolomics approaches to describe the microbial function during this process. Very few studies using this global approach have been dedicated to food, and none have examined sausage fermentation, underlying the originality of the study. The starter culture drastically affected the organoleptic properties of the products. This finding underlines the importance of starter culture selection that takes into consideration the functional characteristics of the microorganism to optimize production efficiency and product quality.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Clinical Enterococcus faecium Sequence Type 18 Strain from South Africa
Authors: Mbelle Nontombi Marylucy , Maningi Nontuthuko Excellent , Tshisevhe Vhudzani , Modipane Lesedi , Amoako Daniel Gyamfi , Osei Sekyere John 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

We report the first draft genome sequence of an
Enterococcus faecium
sequence type 18 (ST18) strain isolated from a tuberculosis patient in Africa. The genome is comprised of 3,202,539 bp, 501 contigs, 37.70% GC content, 3,202 protein-encoding genes, and 61 RNA genes. The resistome and virulome of this important pathogen are presented herein.
Targeting both tumour-associated CXCR2+ neutrophils and CCR2+ macrophages disrupts myeloid recruitment and improves chemotherapeutic responses in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Nywening Timothy M , Belt Brian A , Cullinan Darren R , Panni Roheena Z , Han Booyeon J , Sanford Dominic E , Jacobs Ryan C , Ye Jian , Patel Ankit A , Gillanders William E , Fields Ryan C , DeNardo David G , Hawkins William G , Goedegebuure Peter , Linehan David C 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveChemokine pathways are co-opted by pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) to facilitate myeloid cell recruitment from the bone marrow to establish an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment (TME). Targeting tumour-associated CXCR2+neutrophils (TAN) or tumour-associated CCR2+ macrophages (TAM) alone improves antitumour immunity in preclinical models. However, a compensatory influx of an alternative myeloid subset may result in a persistent immunosuppressive TME and promote therapeutic resistance. Here, we show CCR2 and CXCR2 combined blockade reduces total tumour-infiltrating myeloids, promoting a more robust antitumour immune response in PDAC compared with either strategy alone.MethodsBlood, bone marrow and tumours were analysed from PDAC patients and controls. Treatment response and correlative studies were performed in mice with established orthotopic PDAC tumours treated with a small molecule CCR2 inhibitor (CCR2i) and CXCR2 inhibitor (CXCR2i), alone and in combination with chemotherapy.ResultsA systemic increase in CXCR2+ TAN correlates with poor prognosis in PDAC, and patients receiving CCR2i showed increased tumour-infiltrating CXCR2+ TAN following treatment. In an orthotopic PDAC model, CXCR2 blockade prevented neutrophil mobilisation from the circulation and augmented chemotherapeutic efficacy. However, depletion of either CXCR2+ TAN or CCR2+ TAM resulted in a compensatory response of the alternative myeloid subset, recapitulating human disease. This was overcome by combined CCR2i and CXCR2i, which augmented antitumour immunity and improved response to FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy.ConclusionDual targeting of CCR2+ TAM and CXCR2+ TAN improves antitumour immunity and chemotherapeutic response in PDAC compared with either strategy alone.
Contextualising Safety in Numbers: a longitudinal investigation into change in cycling safety in Britain, 1991–2001 and 2001–2011
Authors: Aldred Rachel , Goel Rahul , Woodcock James , Goodman Anna 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionThe ’Safety in Numbers’ (SiN) phenomenon refers to a decline of injury risk per time or distance exposed as use of a mode increases. It has been demonstrated for cycling using cross-sectional data, but little evidence exists as to whether the effect applies longitudinally —that is, whether changes in cycling levels correlate with changes in per-cyclist injury risks.MethodsThis paper examines cross-sectional and longitudinal SiN effects in 202 local authorities in Britain, using commuting data from 1991, 2001 and 2011 censuses plus police -recorded data on ’killed and seriously injured’ (KSI) road traffic injuries. We modelled a log-linear relationship between number of injuries and number of cycle commuters. Second, we conducted longitudinal analysis to examine whether local authorities where commuter cycling increased became safer (and vice versa).ResultsThe paper finds a cross-sectional SiN effect exists in the 1991, 2001 and 2011 censuses. The longitudinal analysis also found a SiN effect, that is, places where cycling increased were more likely to become safer than places where it had declined. Finally, these longitudinal results are placed in the context of changes in pedestrian, cyclist and motorist safety. While between 1991 and 2001 all modes saw declines in KSI risk (37% for pedestrians, 36% for cyclists and 27% for motor vehicle users), between 2001 and 2011 pedestrians and motorists saw even more substantial declines (41% and 49%), while risk for cyclists increased by 4%.ConclusionThe SiN mechanism does seem to operate longitudinally as well as cross-sectionally. However, at a national level between 2001–11 it co-existed with an increase in cyclist injury risk both in absolute terms and in relation to other modes.
Dynamic atomicity: optimizing swift memory management
Authors: Ungar David , Grove David , Franke Hubertus 
Published: December 2017

Swift is a modern multi-paradigm programming language with an extensive developer community and open source ecosystem. Swift 3's memory management strategy is based on Automatic Reference Counting (ARC) augmented with unsafe APIs for manually-managed memory. We have seen ARC consume as much as 80% of program execution time. A significant portion of ARC's direct performance cost can be attributed to its use of atomic machine instructions to protect reference count updates from data races. Consequently, we have designed and implemented dynamic atomicity, an optimization which safely replaces atomic reference-counting operations with nonatomic ones where feasible. The optimization introduces a store barrier to detect possibly intra-thread references, compiler-generated recursive reference-tracers to find all affected objects, and a bit of state in each reference count to encode its atomicity requirements.
Using a suite of 171 microbenchmarks, 9 programs from the Computer Language Benchmarks Game, and the Richards benchmark, we performed a limit study by unsafely making all reference counting operations nonatomic. We measured potential speedups of up to 220% on the microbenchmarks, 120% on the Benchmarks Game and 70% on Richards.
By automatically reducing ARC overhead, our optimization both improves Swift 3's performance and reduces the temptation for performance-oriented programmers to resort to unsafe manual memory management. Furthermore, the machinery implemented for dynamic atomicity could also be employed to obtain cheaper thread-safe Swift data structures, or to augment ARC with optional cycle detection or a backup tracing garbage collector.
Refining semantics for multi-stage programming
Authors: Ge Rui , Garcia Ronald 
Published: December 2017

The multi-stage programming paradigm supports runtime code generation and execution. Though powerful, its potential is impeded by the lack of static analysis support. Van Horn and Might proposed a general-purpose approach to systematically develop static analyses by transforming an environmental abstract machine, which evolves a control string, an environment and a continuation as a program evaluates. To the best of our knowledge, no such semantics exists for a multi-stage language like MetaML.
We develop and prove correct an environmental abstract machine semantics for MetaML by gradually refining the reference substitutional structural operational semantics. Highlights of our approach include leveraging explicit substitutions to bridge the gap between substitutional and environmental semantics, and devising meta-environments to model the complexities of variable bindings in multi-stage environmental semantics.
Acetylsalicylic Acid Governs the Effect of Sorafenib in RAS-Mutant Cancers
Authors: Hammerlindl Heinz , Ravindran Menon Dinoop , Hammerlindl Sabrina , Emran Abdullah Al , Torrano Joachim , Sproesser Katrin , Thakkar Divya , Xiao Min , Atkinson Victoria G. , Gabrielli Brian , Haass Nikolas K. , Herlyn Meenhard , Krepler Clemens , Schaider Helmut 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Identify and characterize novel combinations of sorafenib with anti-inflammatory painkillers to target difficult-to-treat RAS-mutant cancer.
Experimental Design: The cytotoxicity of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) in combination with the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib (Nexavar) was assessed in RAS-mutant cell lines in vitro. The underlying mechanism for the increased cytotoxicity was investigated using selective inhibitors and shRNA-mediated gene knockdown. In vitro results were confirmed in RAS-mutant xenograft mouse models in vivo.
Results: The addition of aspirin but not isobutylphenylpropanoic acid (ibruprofen) or celecoxib (Celebrex) significantly increased the in vitro cytotoxicity of sorafenib. Mechanistically, combined exposure resulted in increased BRAF/CRAF dimerization and the simultaneous hyperactivation of the AMPK and ERK pathways. Combining sorafenib with other AMPK activators, such as metformin or A769662, was not sufficient to decrease cell viability due to sole activation of the AMPK pathway. The cytotoxicity of sorafenib and aspirin was blocked by inhibition of the AMPK or ERK pathways through shRNA or via pharmacologic inhibitors of RAF (LY3009120), MEK (trametinib), or AMPK (compound C). The combination was found to be specific for RAS/RAF–mutant cells and had no significant effect in RAS/RAF–wild-type keratinocytes or melanoma cells. In vivo treatment of human xenografts in NSG mice with sorafenib and aspirin significantly reduced tumor volume compared with each single-agent treatment.
Conclusions: Combination sorafenib and aspirin exerts cytotoxicity against RAS/RAF–mutant cells by simultaneously affecting two independent pathways and represents a promising novel strategy for the treatment of RAS-mutant cancers. Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1090–102. ©2017 AACR.
Abstract A02: Comparative analysis of breast density among Black, White, and Hispanic women presenting for screening mammography
Authors: Oppong Bridget A. , Dash Chiranjeev , Oneill Suzanne , Makambi Kepher , Coleman Tesha , Adams-Campbell Lucile L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background: Data on ethnic variations in breast density are limited and often not inclusive of underrepresented minorities, including Black and Hispanic women. As breast density is associated with elevated breast cancer risk, investigating racial and ethnic difference may elucidate the observed differences in breast cancer risk among different populations.
Methods: We reviewed breast density recorded at the initial mammographic screening study in women presenting to the Capital Breast Care Center (CBCC) and Georgetown University Hospital (GUH) from 2010 to 2014. Patient demographics including race, age at screening, education and menopausal status were abstracted in addition to body mass index (BMI). From imaging reports, we recorded the BI-RADS density categories: 1-fatty, 2-scattered fibroglandular densities, 3-heterogeneously dense and 4-extremely dense. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression was used to identify predictors of breast density.
Results: Density categorization was recorded for 2,146 women over the five-year period, with 940 (43.8%) Black, 893 (41.6%), Hispanic and 314 (14.6%) White. Analysis of subject characteristics by low density (categories 1 and 2) and high density (categories 3 and 4) show that high category is observed in younger, Hispanic, nulliparous, premenopausal and non-obese women (P-values &lt;.0001). Obese women are 70% less likely to have high breast density compared to non-obese women. Being Hispanic, premenopausal, and non-obese were predictive of high mammographic density on logistic regression.
Conclusion: In this analysis of density distribution in a diverse sample of women presenting for mammography, Hispanic women have the highest breast density, followed by Black women with Whites having the lowest. Unique in our findings is women who identify as Hispanic having the highest breast density and lower rates of obesity. Further investigation of the impact of obesity on breast density in minority women, especially in the understudied Hispanic group is needed.
Citation Format: Bridget A. Oppong, Chiranjeev Dash, Suzanne Oneill, Kepher Makambi, Tesha Coleman, Lucile L. Adams-Campbell. Comparative analysis of breast density among Black, White, and Hispanic women presenting for screening mammography [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; 2017 Jan 18-22; Cape Town, South Africa. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A02.
Abstract A07: Hyperthermia plus radiotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer; before or after?
Authors: Joveini Zahra , Behrouzkia Zhaleh , Aghdam Reza Zohdi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women. Hyperthermia is a new cancer treatment modality which is used in addition to other treatments to improve patient's survival. The clinical use of Hyperthermia in the combination of radiotherapy is debatable and shows important technical challenges. But the most challenge in this case is the order of this combination. We aimed to explore that in Triple-negative breast cancer applying hyperthermia before radiotherapy is better or after it.
Methods and Material: The anti-proliferative activity of Hyperthermia alone and in combination with Radiotherapy in 4T1 balb/c triple negative breast cancer cell line was assessed by the standard 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5 diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method. We also used Acridine Orange/ Propidium Iodide fluorescent staining for approving the inhibitory effect. We exposed the cells to 43±0.2°C for 30 minutes in a regular incubator, as Hyperthermia treatment and also exposing into 4Gy Gamma irradiation as Radiotherapy. In two modality treatments the time interval was two hours. Then the viability rates of cells were determined after 24, 48 and 72 hours.
Statistical analysis used: All data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation. We used Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney for statistical analysis. P-values of less than 0/05 were considered to be statistically significant.
Results: The findings indicated that adding hyperthermia before Radiotherapy showed 58 ± 4.06, 60.6±2.03 and 62.4±2.5 viability rate after 24,48 and 72 hours, respectively; while applying it after Radiotherapy showed 63.4 ± 1.81, 67.2±2.2 and 62.4±2.5 viability rate after 24,48 and 72 hours.
Conclusions: It was concluded that in Triple negative breast cancer applying hyperthermia before radiotherapy is more efficient.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference.
Citation Format: Zahra Joveini, Zhaleh Behrouzkia, Reza Zohdi Aghdam. Hyperthermia plus radiotherapy in triple-negative breast cancer; before or after? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; 2017 Jan 18-22; Cape Town, South Africa. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A07.
Abstract A17: Molecular and clinicopathological features of native Nigerian colorectal cancer
Authors: Irabor David O. , Melas Marilena , Gruber Stephen B. , Shi Chanjuan , Raskin Leon 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) needs no introduction in Africa; once a rare cancer type, it is now the 3rd or 4th most common cancer. However, there are significant differences in the incidence rates, tumor biology, and clinical behavior in comparison to other populations. While the total incidence rates are about one-tenth of those in the developed world, Nigerian CRC occurs at a younger age and rapidly metastasizes. Molecular pathology and genetics of African CRC have not been comprehensively studied. In addition to better understanding of the biology of African CRC, analysis of genetic and molecular biomarkers, including microsatellite instability (MSI), is aimed at improving CRC diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in Africa. We obtained 83 CRC paraffin-embedded blocks from the University of Ibadan and private pathology laboratories in Ibadan collected in the period from 2007 to 2014. Median age of the cases was 56±14.6 years with equal number of males and females. More than 60% of the patients had stage III and IV CRC. The majority were adenocarcinomas (76%) with a relatively high prevalence of mucinous adenocarcinoma (10%) and signet ring carcinoma (4%). Of all patients, 66% had rectal cancer. Poorly differentiated tumors were observed in 34% of all cases. We found a high prevalence of MSI CRC (43%, 15/35) in the tested Nigerian samples. There were no significant differences in clinicopathological features, including tumor location, between MSI and microsatellite stable (MSS) CRC. Our results are in line with our previous report that found a high prevalence (41%) of MSI CRC in Ghanaian patients. These findings raise important questions about the role of genetic and environmental factors in CRC development in West Africa.
Citation Format: David O. Irabor, Marilena Melas, Stephen B. Gruber, Chanjuan Shi, Leon Raskin. Molecular and clinicopathological features of native Nigerian colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR International Conference: New Frontiers in Cancer Research; 2017 Jan 18-22; Cape Town, South Africa. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(22 Suppl):Abstract nr A17.