bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional differences in right versus left congenital heart disease diagnoses in neonates in the United States
Authors: Nelson Jennifer S. , Strassle Paula D. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundDifferences in the prevalence of left and right congenital heart defects (CHD) across the United States are unclear. This study evaluated the overall prevalence and the distribution of right versus left CHD across US regions and divisions in neonates.MethodsNewborns born from 2000 to 2014 diagnosed with CHD were identified using the National Inpatient Sample. Heart defects were stratified into right, left, and “neither” subtypes. The risk of right and left heart diagnoses between US Census regions and divisions was compared using multivariable binomial regression, adjusting for infant, and hospital characteristics.ResultsTwo hundred forty thousand four hundred fifty‐five newborns were included and 38,185 (15.9%) were classifiable as having either right or left subtypes. Between 2000 and 2014, the prevalence of right defects increased from 1.65 to 2.88 cases/1,000 live born infants (p < .0001), left defects increased from 0.47 to 0.75 cases/1,000 live born infants (p < .0001), and “neither” defects increased from 10.82 to 20.09 cases/1,000 live born infants (p < .0001). Newborns in the Northeast (RDadj .03, 95% CI .02, .03), Midwest (RDadj .02, 95% CI .02, .03), and South (RDadj .02, 95% CI .02, .02) were significantly more likely to have a right heart defect diagnosis compared to the West. When stratified by division, New England states had a significantly higher prevalence of right defects compared to the Pacific (RDadj .09, 95% CI .06, 0.11). No differences in the prevalence of left defects were seen.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CHD diagnoses at birth in the US has increased, and regional differences in the prevalence of right defects appear to exist.
Enhanced tissue adhesiveness of injectable gelatin hydrogels through dual catalytic activity of horseradish peroxidase
Authors: Hoang Thi Thai Thanh , Lee Yunki , Ryu Seung Bae , Nguyen Dai Hai , Park Ki Dong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDevelopment of bioadhesives with tunable mechanical strength, high adhesiveness, biocompatibility, and injectability is greatly desirable in all surgeries to replace or complement the sutures and staples. Herein, the dual catalytic activity of horseradish peroxidase is exploited to in situ form the hydroxyphenyl propionic acid‐gelatin/thiolated gelatin (GH/GS) adhesive hydrogels including two alternative crosslinks (phenol‐phenol and disulfide bonds) with fast gelation (few seconds – several minutes) and improved physicochemical properties. Their elastic moduli increase from 6.7 to 10.3 kPa by adding GS polymer that leads to the better stability of GH/GS hydrogels than GH ones. GH/GS adhesive strength is respectively 6.5‐fold and 15.8‐fold higher than GH‐only and fibrin glue that is due to additional disulfide linkages between hydrogels and tissues. Moreover, in vitro cell study with human dermal fibroblast showed the cell‐compatibility of GH/GS hydrogels. Taken together, GH/GS hydrogels can be considered as promising potential adhesive materials for various biomedical applications.
Lego bricks and the octet rule: Molecular models for biochemical pathways with plastic, interlocking toy bricks
Authors: Lin Henry J. , Lehoang Jennifer , Kwan Isabel , Baghaee Anita , Prasad Priya , Ha‐Chen Stephanie J. , Moss Tanesha , Woods Jeremy D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe 8 studs on a 2 × 4 Lego brick conveniently represent the outer shell of electrons for carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. We used Lego bricks to model these atoms, which are then joined together to form molecules by following the Lewis octet rule. A variety of small biological molecules can be modeled in this way, such as most amino acids, fatty acids, glucose, and various intermediate metabolites. Model building with these familiar toys can be a helpful, hands‐on exercise for learning—or re‐learning—biochemical pathways. © 2017 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(1):54–57, 2018.
Simultaneous determination and tissue distribution studies of four phenolic acids in rat tissue by UFLC–MS/MS after intravenous administration of salvianolic acid for injection
Authors: Li Shuang , Xie Xiuman , Li Dongxiang , Yu Zhiguo , Tong Ling , Zhao Yunli 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA rapid, simple and sensitive ultra‐fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination and tissue distribution studies of rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid D, lithospermic acid and salvianolic acid B in rats after intravenous administration of salvianolic acid for injection. The tissue homogenate samples were pretreated by protein precipitation with pre‐cooled acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Waters Cortecs UPLC C18 column (1.6 μm, 2.1 × 100 mm) with a mobile phase composed of 0.1% formic acid–water and 0.1% formic acid–acetonitrile. Analytes were detected by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and quantitated using multiple reaction monitoring. The method was fully validated. The calibration curves for the four phenolic acids were linear in the given concentration ranges. The precisions (relative standard deviation) in the measurement of quality control samples were <10% and the accuracies (relative error) were in the range of 0.28–11.22%. The reliable method was successfully applied to the tissue distribution studies of the four phenolic acids. The results showed that rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid D, lithospermic acid and salvianolic acid B were rapidly distributed in tissues with the major amount found in kidney, and little crossed the blood–brain barrier. The developed method and the results provide a basis for further studies.
SEED: A software tool and an active‐learning strategy for data structures courses
Authors: Adarme Marco , Jabba Molinares Daladier 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSEED is a software tool designed for Java consisting of a class library and a set of simulators to facilitate learning of the main data structures. The educational component is based on an active case‐solving methodology accompanied by a pedagogical strategy. This strategy allows for the development of a multilayer‐model‐programming work for the construction of basic and advanced applications in real domains and for integration of its use, development and operation assessment with data structures. The evaluation results of SEED as a pedagogical mediator in the issue of binary trees is presented. The evaluation indicates that students prefer to use SEED due to its simplicity and attractive GUIs which facilitate data structures learning.
If you prick us, do we not bleed?
Authors: Ahmed Ameera , Henry Timothy D. 
Published: November 2017

Key Points

Women have higher post PCI bleeding complications which in turn contributes to higher post PCI mortality.
Bivalirudin decreases bleeding events in both men and women when compared to use of both heparin and GPI but bleeding avoidance strategies such as radial artery access or avoiding GPI may modify that benefit.
The NCDR bleeding risk score incorporates gender and is predictive of both bleeding complications and mortality. The ideal strategy to reduce bleeding will depend on the specific patient, local practice patterns, and ideally cost effectiveness.
Coronary resting gradients for hemodynamic lesion assessment ‐ The future of coronary physiology?
Authors: Shlofmitz Evan , Jeremias Allen 
Published: November 2017

Key Points

Coronary resting gradient measurements with cut‐off values of ≤0.87 and ≥0.93 portend a high degree of certainty with respect to appropriateness of coronary revascularization
Less agreement exists in patients in the so called indeterminate “gray zone”
Pressure‐bounded coronary flow reserve may aid in our understanding of the underlying physiologic principles and facilitate the clinical assessment of these lesions
PVL closure after TAVR: Yes, we can do it
Authors: Cilingiroglu Mehmet , Paixao Andre 
Published: November 2017

Key Points

Paravalvular leak (PVL) remains a significant problem after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
PVL is associated with long‐term morbidity and mortality.
Percutaneous management of post‐TAVR PVL seems to be feasible and should be adopted by the structural heart interventionalist.
Vapor‐Phase Hydrodeoxygenation of Guaiacol to Aromatics over Pt/HBeta: Identification of the Role of Acid Sites and Metal Sites on the Reaction Pathway
Authors: Nie Lei , Peng Bo , Zhu Xinli 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA comparative study of the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol, a phenolic compound derived from the lignin fraction of biomass with both hydroxyl and methoxyl functional groups, was performed on HBeta, Pt/SiO2, and Pt/HBeta at 350 °C and atmospheric pressure. The reaction pathway and the roles of the acid and metal sites were studied. Acid sites catalyze transalkylation and dehydroxylation reactions to produce monohydroxyl phenolics (phenol, cresols, and xylenols) as the major final products. Pt sites catalyze demethylation to result in catechol as the primary product, which can either be deoxygenated to phenol followed by phenol to benzene, or decarbonylated to cyclopentanone and further to butane. The close proximity of Pt and acid sites in bifunctional Pt/HBeta improves transalkylation and deoxygenation (or dehydroxylation) reactions and inhibits demethylation and decarbonylation reactions significantly, which leads to aromatics as the major final products with a total yield >85 %. Both the activity and stability of bifunctional Pt/HBeta during the hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol are improved compared to those of HBeta and Pt/SiO2. The addition of water to the feed further improves the activity and stability through the hydrolysis of the O−CH3 bond of guaiacol on acid sites and the removal of coke around Pt.
Auto‐Tandem Catalysis: PdII‐Catalysed Dehydrogenation/Oxidative Heck Reaction of Cyclopentane‐1,3‐diones
Authors: Lamb Claire J. C. , Nderitu Bryan G. , McMurdo Gemma , Tobin John M. , Vilela Filipe , Lee Ai‐Lan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA PdII catalyst system has been used to successfully catalyse two mechanistically distinct reactions in a one‐pot procedure: dehydrogenation of 2,2‐disubstituted cyclopentane‐1,3‐diones and the subsequent oxidative Heck coupling. This auto‐tandem catalytic reaction is applicable to both batch and continuous flow processes, with the latter being the first example of a tandem aerobic dehydrogenation/oxidative Heck in flow. In addition, a telescoped reaction involving enantioselective desymmetrisation of the all‐C quaternary centre was successfully achieved.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Fluoroalkyl‐Containing Compounds by Three‐Component Photoredox Chemistry
Authors: Ma Jiajia , Xie Xiulan , Meggers Eric 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMulticomponent reactions allow the construction of molecular complexity in an economical fashion, fluorinated compounds play an important role in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, whereas visible light is an abundant and sustainable source of energy for activating chemical transformations. Here we report a visible‐light‐induced asymmetric three‐component fluoroalkylation reaction scheme catalyzed by a chiral‐at‐rhodium Lewis acid. The photoredox process is mediated by the inexpensive, commercially available organic photoredox mediator 4,4′‐difluorobenzil, which upon activation by visible light induces the generation of perfluoroalkyl radicals from their sulfinates via single electron transfer oxidation. The fluorinated radicals are trapped by electron‐rich C−C double bonds to deliver α‐oxy carbon‐centered radicals, followed by a subsequent stereocontrolled reaction with acceptor‐substituted alkenes. This three‐component fluoroalkylation scheme provides a range of complex fluoroalkyl‐containing chiral compounds under dual C−C bond formation with high enantioselectivities (up to 98 % ee) and modest diastereoselectivities (up to 6:1 dr). Excellent diastereoselectivities (up to >38:1:1 dr) for natural chiral compound derivatives are observed. Broad substrate scope (25 examples), excellent functional group tolerance, scalability of the reaction, along with the option to recover the chiral catalyst and photoredox mediator reveal the practicability of this methodology in organic synthesis for the rapid synthesis of fluorinated chiral molecules.
Dendritic and Core–Shell–Corona Mesoporous Sister Nanospheres from Polymer–Surfactant–Silica Self‐Entanglement
Authors: Zhang Kun , Yang Tai‐Qun , Shan Bing‐Qian , Liu Peng‐Cheng , Peng Bo , Xue Qing‐Song , Yuan En‐Hui , Wu Peng , Albela Belén , Bonneviot Laurent 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMesoporous nanospheres are highly regarded for their applications in nanomedicine, optical devices, batteries, nanofiltration, and heterogeneous catalysis. In the last field, the dendritic morphology, which favors molecular diffusion, is a very important morphology known for silica, but not yet for carbon. A one‐pot, easy, and scalable co‐sol–gel route by using the triphasic resol–surfactant–silica system is shown to yield the topologies of dendritic and core–shell–corona mesoporous sister nanospheres by inner radial phase speciation control on a mass‐transfer‐limited process, depending on the relative polycondensation rates of the resol polymer and silica phases. The trick was the use of polyolamines with different catalytic activities on each hard phase polycondensation. The self‐entanglement of phases is produced at the {O−, S+, I−} organic–surfactant–inorganic interface. Mono‐ and biphasic mesoporous sister nanospheres of carbon and/or silica are derivatized from each mother nanospheres and called “syntaxic” because of similar sizes and mirrored morphologies. Comparing these “false twins”, or yin and yang mesoporous nanospheres, functionalized by sulfonic groups provides evidence of the superiority of the dendritic topologies and the absence of a shell on the diffusion‐controlled catalytic alkylation of m‐cresol.
Co‐Cluster‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks as Selective Catalysts for Benzene Tandem Acylation–Nazarov Cyclization to Benzocyclopentanone
Authors: Liu Mengjia , Gao Kuan , Fan Yanru , Guo Xiaoqing , Wu Jie , Meng Xiangru , Hou Hongwei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOne‐step selective benzene acylation–Nazarov cyclization is an attractive, yet challenging method for the synthesis of the benzocyclopentanone skeleton, which is key intermediate of many natural products. Herein, two metal‐cluster‐based metal–organic frameworks (MCOFs) {(H3O)2[Co4(pbcd)2(μ3‐OH)2]⋅CH3CH2OH⋅4 H2O}n (1; pbcd=9,9′‐(propan‐1,3‐diyl)bis(9H‐carbazole‐3,6‐dicarboxylic acid) and {[Co5.25(mcd)2(HCO2)(μ2‐O)0.5(μ3‐OH)0.5(H2O)4]⋅6 H2O⋅5 DMF}n (2; mcd=9,9′‐methylenebis(9H‐carbazole‐3,6‐dicarboxylic acid) were developed to catalyze a tandem Nazarov cyclization reaction of 1,3‐dimethoxybenzene with α,β‐unsaturated carboxylic acids for the synthesis of cyclopentenone[b]benzenes. MCOFs 1 and 2, which were constructed from tetranuclear CoII cluster [Co4(μ3‐OH)2] and hexanuclear CoII cluster [Co6(HCO2)(μ2‐O)(μ3‐OH)], respectively, exhibit high catalytic activity arising not only from their suitable channel size and accessible catalytic sites, but also because of their high density of Lewis acidic sites within the frameworks and the synergic activity among CoII ions. In contrast, {[Co2(pbcd)(bpe)]⋅2 H2O⋅2 DMF}n (3; bpe=1,2‐bis(pyridin‐4‐yl)ethane) containing binuclear CoII and having large pore windows is a highly selective catalyst for obtaining exclusively the acylation products. Easy product separation, simple reaction procedures, and catalyst recycling make the catalyst system attractive. This work highlights the synergistic effect among ions of MCOFs in interacting with substrates in a sequential or cooperative manner to achieve tandem catalysis.
Addressing the Nature of Phosphinidene Sulfides via the Synthesis of P−S Heterocycles
Authors: Graham Cameron M. E. , Macdonald Charles L. B. , Boyle Paul D. , Wisner James A. , Ragogna Paul J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe phosphorus–sulfur heterocycles 1,2‐thiaphosphetenes and phosphirene sulfides have been prepared, and represent the first structurally characterized derivatives for either class of compound. These strained P−S ring systems are formed by the reaction of a phosphinidene sulfide and alkyne. Using an internal alkyne, only the 3‐membered PV, phosphirene sulfide was produced, whereas a terminal alkyne yielded a mixture of phosphirene sulfide and 1,2‐thiaphosphetene (PIII). Detailed computational analysis revealed that for numerous derivatives of alkynes, the corresponding 4‐membered rings are always more stable than the 3‐membered isomers. The electronic nature of “free” phosphinidene sulfides (R−P=S) is discussed based on computational results.
Particle Measurement Techniques in Fluid Process Engineering
Authors: Lichti Markus , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPartikuläre Systeme sind ubiquitär und kommen in der Fluidverfahrenstechnik in Form von Tropfen, Blasen oder Feststoffpartikeln vor. Nicht nur ihre Konzentration, sondern auch ihre Verteilung bestimmt oft maßgeblich den jeweiligen Prozess. In diesem Beitrag wird ein Überblick über gängige invasive und nichtinvasive Messverfahren zur Erfassung von Blasen und Tropfen vorgestellt. Die Vor‐ und Nachteile zur Erfassung von Phasen‐ und Partikelgrößenverteilungen in Mehrphasensystemen werden angesprochen und Funktionsprinzipien, deren Anwendbarkeit im Labor sowie Grenzen im industriellen Einsatz aufgezeigt und diskutiert.
Mass Transfer During Droplet Formation – A Measuring Technique Study
Authors: Heine Jens S. , Bart Hans‐Jörg 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn liquid‐liquid extraction processes, the mass transfer coefficient is one of the key design parameters. In the present study, the impact on mass transfer during droplet formation in a quiescent continuous phase is investigated analytically. Therefore, confocal Raman spectroscopy in a novel measurement cell combined with interfacial tension measurements are applied. It could be shown, that Marangoni effects in the system toluene‐acetonitrile‐water (mass transfer direction from the dispersed to the continuous phase) lead to 50 % of mass transferred in the first 5 s when 90 % is transferred in 1 min.
A New Pentiptycene‐Based Dianhydride and Its High‐Free‐Volume Polymer for Carbon Dioxide Removal
Authors: Shamsabadi Ahmad Arabi , Seidi Farzad , Nozari Mohammad , Soroush Masoud 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn addition to possessing excellent chemical, mechanical, and thermal stability, polyimides and polyetherimides have excellent solubility in many solvents, which renders them suitable for membrane preparation. Two new monomers [a pentiptycene‐based dianhydride (PPDAn) and a pentiptycene imide‐containing diamine (PPImDA)] and a pentiptycene‐based polyimide [PPImDA‐4,4′‐hexafluoroisopropylidene diphthalic anhydride (PPImDA‐6FDA)] have been synthesized and characterized by FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopy, gel‐permeation chromatography, mass spectrometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, BET surface area, and X‐ray diffraction. High‐molecular‐weight PPImDA‐6FDA has remarkable thermal stability and excellent solubility in common organic solvents. It also has an extraordinarily high fractional free volume (0.233) owing to the presence of −C(CF3)2− units, the rigid diamine, and the pentiptycene moiety in the polymer structure. It has high CO2 permeability (812 Barrer) owing to poor chain packing, which is caused by the fact that its rigid groups veil the influence of the ethereal oxygen groups in its backbone. It has the highest CO2 permeability among all reported pentiptycene‐containing polymers (about six times higher than that of the most permeable one) without sacrificing selectivity. The high free volume, good microporosity, high solubility in many solvents, and remarkable thermal stability of PPImDA‐6FDA point to the great potential of this polymer for CO2 removal.
Hierarchical Core–Shell Nickel Cobaltite Chestnut‐like Structures as Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Rechargeable Metal–Air Batteries
Authors: Lee Dong Un , Park Moon Gyu , Cano Zachary Paul , Ahn Wook , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNano‐engineered hierarchical core–shell nickel cobaltite chestnut‐like structures were successfully synthesized as a bifunctionally active electrocatalyst for rechargeable metal–air battery applications. Both the morphology and composition of the catalyst were optimized by a facile hydrothermal reaction, resulting in a 10 h reacted sample demonstrating significantly enhanced activity toward both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 0.1 m KOH. Specifically, the catalyst demonstrated −0.28 and 0.60 V versus SCE (saturated calomel electrode) at the ORR half‐wave potential and an OER current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. The resulting ORR/OER potential difference of 0.90 V was the smallest compared to the catalysts synthesized using 2, 6, and 12 h of hydrothermal reaction time. The excellent bifunctional activity of the catalyst is attributed to the nanoscale porous morphology and the spinel nickel cobaltite composition, which improved the active site exposure and transport of reactants and charges during the oxygen reactions.
An improved Apriori–based algorithm for friends recommendation in microblog
Authors: Liu Li , Yu Shuo , Wei Xiang , Ning Zhaolong 
Published: November 2017

SummaryWith the rapid development of Internet, the world has come into a new era of network interaction. Internet development in China makes various kinds of software available to users, by which relatives, close friends, and partners can achieve real‐time interactions. It is acknowledged that the recommended issues and persons are the most important parts for user experience. This study concentrates on how to provide a recommendation for users with a common interest in Microblog. We first illustrate some recommended algorithms based on data mining, and the implementation process of friend‐recommended system is then stated. After that, by integrating the characteristics of the user information, the forwarding and comments on information to associated users, we present an improved Apriori–based algorithm to rank the recommended information with confidence interval. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority and efficiency of our method.
The physical approximation of APP and BACE‐1: A key event in alzheimer's disease pathogenesis
Authors: Sun Jichao , Roy Subhojit 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of insoluble deposits of Amyloid β (Aβ) in brains. Aβ is derived by sequential cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β‐site secretase enzyme (BACE‐1) and γ‐secretase. Proteolytic processing of APP by BACE‐1 is the rate‐limiting step in Aβ production, and this pathway is a prime target for AD drug development. Both APP and BACE‐1 are membrane‐spanning proteins, transported via secretory and endocytic pathways; and the physical interaction of APP and BACE‐1 during trafficking is a key cell biological event initiating the amyloidogenic pathway. Here, we highlight recent research on intracellular trafficking/sorting of APP and BACE‐1, and discuss how dysregulation of these pathways might lead to enhanced convergence of APP and BACE‐1, and subsequent β‐cleavage of APP. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 340–347, 2018