bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bmp5 Regulates Neural Crest Cell Survival and Proliferation via Two Different Signaling Pathways
Authors: Shih Hung-Yu , Hsu Shu-Yuan , Ouyang Pin , Lin Sheng-Jia , Chou Ting-Yun , Chiang Ming-Chang , Cheng Yi-Chuan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Neural crest progenitor cells, which give rise to many ectodermal and mesodermal derivatives, must maintain a delicate balance of apoptosis and proliferation for their final tissue contributions. Here we show that zebrafish bmp5 is expressed in neural crest progenitor cells and that it activates the Smad and Erk signaling pathways to regulate cell survival and proliferation, respectively. Loss-of-function analysis showed that Bmp5 was required for cell survival and this response is mediated by the Smad–Msxb signaling cascade. However, the Bmp5–Smad–Msxb signaling pathway had no effect on cell proliferation. In contrast, Bmp5 was sufficient to induce cell proliferation through the Mek–Erk–Id3 signaling cascade, whereas disruption of this signaling cascade had no effect on cell survival. Taken together, our results demonstrate an important regulatory mechanism for bone morphogenic protein-initiated signal transduction underlying the formation of neural crest progenitors.
Higher rank ABJM Wilson loops from matrix models
Authors: Cookmeyer Tessa , Liu James T. , Pando Zayas Leopoldo A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We compute the vacuum expectation values of 1/6 supersymmetric Wilson loops in higher dimensional representations of the gauge group in ABJM theory. We present results for the m-symmetric and m-antisymmetric representations by exploiting standard matrix model techniques. At leading order, in the saddle point approximation, our expressions reproduce holographic results from both D6 and D2 branes corresponding to the antisymmetric and symmetric representations, respectively. We also compute 1/N corrections to the leading saddle point results.
Laparoscopic Repair for Perforated Peptic Ulcer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Vărcuş Flore , Beuran Mircea , Lica Ioan , Turculet Claudiu , Cotarlet Adrian Valentin , Georgescu Stefan , Vintila Dan , Sabău Dan , Sabau Alexandru , Ciuce Constantin , Bintintan Vasile , Georgescu Eugen , Popescu Razvan , Tarta Cristi , Surlin Valeriu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundsThe incidence of patients presenting with perforated peptic ulcers (PPU) has decreased during the last decades. At the same time, a laparoscopic approach to this condition has been adopted by increased number of surgeons. The aim of this study was to evaluate the early postoperative results of the laparoscopic treatment of perforated peptic ulcer performed in eight Romanian surgical centers with extensive experience in laparoscopic surgery.MethodsBetween 2009 and 2013, 297 patients with perforated peptic ulcer were operated in the eight centers participating in this retrospective study. The patients’ charts were reviewed for demographics, surgical procedure, complications and short‐term outcomes.ResultsBoey score of 0 was found in 122 patients (41.1%), Boey 1 in 169 (56.9%), Boey 3 in 6 (2.0%). For 145 (48.8%) patients, primary suture repair was performed, in 146 (49.2%) primary suture repair with omentopexy. There were 6 (2.0%) conversions to open surgery. The operative time was between 25 and 120 min, with a mean of 68 min. Two (0.7%) deaths were noted. Mean hospital stay was 5.5 days, ranges 3–25 days. Postoperative complications included: 7 (2.4%) superficial surgical site infections, 5 (1.6%) cardiovascular, 3 (1.0%) pulmonary, 2 (0.7%) duodenal leakages, 3 (1.0%) deep space infections and 1 (0.3%) upper digestive hemorrhage.ConclusionsThis study shows that the laparoscopic approach for PPU is feasible; the procedure is safe, with no increased risk of duodenal fistulae or residual intraperitoneal abscesses. We now consider the laparoscopic approach for PPU as the “gold standard” in patients with Boey score 0 or 1.
The Clinical Indications for Limited Surgery of Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Kimura Kenjiro , Amano Ryosuke , Ymazoe Sadaaki , Ohira Go , Nishio Kohei , Hirakawa Kosei , Ohira Masaichi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere are many reports about limited surgery for intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas. However, there is no consensus on limited surgery for IPMNs. The primary objective of this study was to define the clinical indications for limited surgery for IPMNs.MethodsThe data of 98 patients who underwent curative resections for IPMN were retrospectively analyzed. IPMNs were classified into four different pathological grades: low‐grade dysplasia (LGD), intermediate‐grade dysplasia (IGD), high‐grade dysplasia (HGD), and invasive carcinoma (Inv‐IPMN). Inv‐IPMNs were divided into T1a, T1b, and T1c or over T1c (≥T1c). Based on preoperative radiological findings, IPMNs were stratified into the three groups using the 2012 International Consensus Guidelines: worrisome features, high‐risk stigmata (HRS), and others.ResultsThere were no positive lymph node cases and no recurrent cases of LGDs, IGDs, and HGDs. On the other hand, positive lymph node cases in T1a, T1b, and ≥T1c were seen in 37.5, 20, and 22.2% of cases, respectively. The recurrence rates of T1a, T1b, and ≥T1c were 50, 40, and 55.6%, respectively. Of the HRS cases, 30 (73.2%) were malignant and 25 (61%) were Inv‐IPMN. HRS showed sensitivity of 92.6%, specificity of 77.5%, and accuracy of 81.6% to identify Inv‐IPMN by preoperative imaging.ConclusionsLimited surgery such as parenchyma‐sparing pancreatectomy should be avoided for all cases of Inv‐IPMNs, because every Inv‐IPMN including T1a has the potential for lymph node metastasis and recurrence. HRS had high preoperative diagnostic ability for predicting Inv‐IPMN. For cases that meet HRS criteria, pancreatectomy with lymphadenectomy is needed, and limited surgery should be withheld.
Adrenal Injuries: Historical Facts and Modern Truths
Authors: DiGiacomo Jody C. , Angus L. D. George , Coffield Edward 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrior to the advent of whole body computed tomography, injuries of the adrenal gland were almost exclusively identified on postmortem examinations and were associated with severe injury. Recent literature has continued to identify an association between adrenal injuries and high ISS. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of adrenal trauma on ISS and mortality while controlling for potential confounding factors.MethodsA 15‐year retrospective review for all adrenal gland injuries from a Level 1 Trauma Center’s Trauma Registry was performed. Based on the characteristics of that patient population, the same Trauma Registry was then queried for case‐matched patients, and the two groups compared to assess the influence of adrenal gland injuries on mortality.ResultsSeventy‐two patients with adrenal injuries were identified and compared to 1026 case‐matched patients. The adrenal gland injury was not a contributing factor in any of the study group mortalities. The mean ISS for the adrenal gland injured group was higher than the overall Registry ISS (18.7 vs 10.6) but almost identical to the ISS of patients case matched for abdominal injuries.ConclusionCase‐matched analysis based on multiple clinical variables demonstrates that the ISS of patients with adrenal gland injuries were similar to the ISS of patients with other injuries to the abdominal region and were in fact associated with a 0.02% decrease in mortality.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Compliance with Guidelines of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery in Elderly Patients Undergoing Gastrectomy
Authors: Jeong Oh , Park Young Kyu , Jung Mi Ran , Ryu Seong Yeob 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundEnhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) aims at expediting postoperative recovery by implementing specific strategies in perioperative management. However, the tolerance to such fast‐tracking protocols is under debate, especially in elderly patients. We aimed to investigate rate of compliance with the main ERAS guidelines in elderly gastrectomy patients.MethodsUsing data for 168 gastric cancer patients who underwent ERAS after gastrectomy as part of Clinical Trial NCT01653496, we calculated the rates of compliance with nine main ERAS guidelines and compared the compliance rates of elderly (≥70 years) and non‐elderly (<70 years) patients. Surgical outcomes and fulfillment of criteria for postoperative discharge were also compared.ResultsThe study included 55 elderly and 113 non‐elderly patients. There were no significant differences between these groups of patients with respect to operative techniques and tumor stage. Except for restricted intravenous fluid administration, the patients in both groups showed very high compliance rates (>90%) for every ERAS guideline. Notably, the overall compliance rates did not differ significantly between the groups. Postoperatively, the mean time to fulfillment of discharge criteria was slightly longer for elderly patients (4.7 vs. 4.2 days, p = 0.005), but there were no significant differences between the groups with respect to the incidence of postoperative complications, length of hospitalization, and readmission rate.ConclusionCompliance of the medically and physically fit elderly patients with the main ERAS guidelines is comparable to that of non‐elderly patients, and such protocols can be safely applied to elderly patients without significant modification.
Numerical investigation and potential tunability scheme on and stimulated pair creation from vacuum using high intensity laser beams
Authors: Ploumistakis I. , Moustaizis S. D. , Tsohantjis I. 
Published: November 2016

Numerical estimates for electrons and mesons particle–antiparticle creation from vacuum in the presence of strong electromagnetic fields are derived, using the complete probability density relation of Popov’s imaginary time method (Popov, JETP Lett. 13, 185 (1971); Sov. Phys. JETP 34, 709 (1972); Sov. Phys. JETP 35, 659 (1972); Popov and Marinov, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 16, 449 (1973); JETP Lett. 18, 255 (1974); Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 19, 584 (1974)); (Popov, Phys. Let. A 298, 83 (2002)), and within the framework of an experimental setup like the E144 (Burke et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 1626 (1997)). The existence of crossing point among pair creation efficiency curves of different photon energies and the role of odd/even multiphoton orders in the production rates are discussed. Finally a kind of tunability process between the two creation processes is discussed.
A randomised-controlled trial of the effects of very low-carbohydrate and high-carbohydrate diets on cognitive performance in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Tay Jeannie , Zajac Ian T. , Thompson Campbell H. , Luscombe-Marsh Natalie D. , Danthiir Vanessa , Noakes Manny , Buckley Jonathan D. , Wittert Gary A. , Brinkworth Grant D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study compared the longer-term effects of a very low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet with a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet on cognitive performance in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In total, 115 obese adults with T2D (sixty-six males, BMI: 34·6 (sd 4·3) kg/m2, age: 58 (sd 7) years, HbA1c: 7·3 (sd 1·1) %, diabetes duration: 8 (sd 6) years) were randomised to consume either an energy-restricted, very low-carbohydrate, low-saturated-fat (LC) diet or an energy-matched high unrefined carbohydrate, low-fat (HC) diet with supervised aerobic/resistance exercise (60 min, 3 d/week) for 52 weeks. Body weight, HbA1c and cognitive performance assessing perceptual speed, reasoning speed, reasoning ability, working memory, verbal fluency, processing speed, short-term memory, inhibition and memory scanning speed were assessed before and after intervention. No differences in the changes in cognitive test performance scores between the diet groups were observed for any of the cognitive function outcomes assessed (P≥0·24 time×diet). Percentage reduction in body weight correlated with improvements with perceptual speed performance. In obese adults with T2D, both LC and HC weight-loss diets combined with exercise training had similar effects on cognitive performance. This suggests that an LC diet integrated within a lifestyle modification programme can be used as a strategy for weight and diabetes management without the concern of negatively affecting cognitive function.
Sodium butyrate protects mice from the development of the early signs of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: role of melatonin and lipid peroxidation
Authors: Jin Cheng Jun , Engstler Anna Janina , Sellmann Cathrin , Ziegenhardt Doreen , Landmann Marianne , Kanuri Giridhar , Lounis Hakima , Schröder Markus , Vetter Walter , Bergheim Ina 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide with universally accepted treatments still lacking. Oral supplementation of sodium butyrate (SoB) has been suggested to attenuate liver damage of various aetiologies. Our study aimed to further delineate mechanisms involved in the SoB-dependent hepatic protection using a mouse model of fructose-induced NAFLD and in in vitro models. C57BL/6J mice were either pair-fed a fructose-enriched liquid diet ±0·6 g/kg body weight per d SoB or standard chow for 6 weeks. Markers of liver damage, intestinal barrier function, glucose metabolism, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) and melatonin signalling were determined in mice. Differentiated human carcinoma colon-2 (Caco-2) and J774A.1 cells were used to determine molecular mechanisms involved in the effects of SoB. Despite having no effects on markers of intestinal barrier function and glucose metabolism or body weight gain, SoB supplementation significantly attenuated fructose-induced hepatic TAG accumulation and inflammation. The protective effects of SoB were associated with significantly lower expression of markers of the TLR-4-dependent signalling cascade, concentrations of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and 4-hydroxynonenal protein adducts in liver. Treatment with SoB increased melatonin levels and expression of enzymes involved in melatonin synthesis in duodenal tissue and Caco-2 cells. Moreover, treatment with melatonin significantly attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of iNOS and nitrate levels in J774A.1 cells. Taken together, our results indicated that the protective effects of SoB on the development of fructose-induced NAFLD in mice are associated with an increased duodenal melatonin synthesis and attenuation of iNOS induction in liver.
Evidence for genotypic differences among elite lines of common bean in the ability to remobilize photosynthate to increase yield under drought
Authors: RAO I. M. , BEEBE S. E. , POLANIA J. , GRAJALES M. , CAJIAO C. , RICAURTE J. , GARCÍA R. , RIVERA M. 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume for human consumption. Drought stress is the major abiotic stress limitation of bean yields in smallholder farming systems worldwide. The current work aimed to determine the role of enhanced photosynthate mobilization to improve adaptation to intermittent and terminal drought stress and to identify a few key adaptive traits that can be used for developing drought-resistant genotypes. Field studies were conducted over three seasons at Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical, Palmira, Colombia to determine genotypic differences in adaptation to intermittent (two seasons) and terminal (one season) drought stress compared with irrigated conditions. A set of 36 genotypes, including 33 common bean, two wild bean and one cowpea were evaluated using a 6 × 6 lattice design under irrigated and rainfed field conditions. Three common bean elite lines (NCB 226, SEN 56, SER 125) were identified with superior levels of adaptation to both intermittent and terminal drought stress conditions. The greater performance of these lines under drought stress was associated with their ability to remobilize photosynthate to increase grain yield based on higher values of harvest index, pod harvest index, leaf area index and canopy biomass. Two wild bean germplasm accessions (G 19902, G 24390) showed very poor adaptation to both types of drought stress. One small-seeded black line (NCB 226) was superior in combining greater values of canopy biomass with greater ability to mobilize photosynthates to grain under both types of drought stress. Two small-seeded red lines (SER 78, SER 125) seem to combine the desirable traits of enhanced mobilization of photosynthates to seed with effective use of water through canopy cooling under terminal drought stress. Pod harvest index showed significant positive association with grain yield under both types of drought stress and this trait can be used by breeders as an additional selection method to grain yield in evaluation of breeding populations for both types of drought stress.
Cortical and Autonomic Patterns of Emotion Experiencing During a Recall Task
Authors: Brugnera Agostino , Adorni Roberta , Compare Angelo , Zarbo Cristina , Sakatani Kaoru 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Emotions characterized by opposite valences (positive vs. negative) seem to lead to specific patterns of autonomic and cortical activity. For example, according to valence or approach-withdrawal hypotheses, specific emotions lead to an asymmetrical activation of left or right prefrontal cortex (PFC). The aim of the present study was to explore the psychophysiological underpinnings of emotion experiencing using a paradigm with higher ecological validity than is typically accomplished in neuroimaging research. A total of 28 healthy participants were instructed to recall personally-relevant situations from the past that caused positive (happiness) or negative (anger) emotions, during a 2 min silent preparatory phase and a subsequent 3 min verbal phase. A wearable electrocardiographic (ECG) recording system and a portable 2-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device were used to collect heart rate (HR), high frequencies of heart rate variability (HF-HRV), and the hemodynamic responses of prefrontal cortex during the entire procedure. Results showed that during both anger and happiness recall tasks, HR increased and high frequencies of HRV decreased with respect to the baseline. HR and HF-HRV reached, respectively, their highest and lowest points during the verbal phase of anger recall task. NIRS data evidenced a bilateral increase of oxyhemoglobin concentration changes during both anger and happiness recall tasks, which was highest during the verbal phases. However, no lateralization patterns were found. Overall, present results suggest that the experience of negative emotions, if compared with positive ones, is characterized by a combination of reduced parasympathetic activation and/or increased sympathetic activation. Thus, cardiological data provided partial support to autonomic specificity of emotions. However, the recall paradigm did not evidence an asymmetry of PFC activity during the experience of emotions with opposite valences, probably due to the high number of factors impacting prefrontal activity during a recall paradigm.
PPFIA1 drives active α5β1 integrin recycling and controls fibronectin fibrillogenesis and vascular morphogenesis
Authors: Mana Giulia , Clapero Fabiana , Panieri Emiliano , Panero Valentina , Böttcher Ralph T. , Tseng Hui-Yuan , Saltarin Federico , Astanina Elena , Wolanska Katarzyna I. , Morgan Mark R. , Humphries Martin J. , Santoro Massimo M. , Serini Guido , Valdembri Donatella 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBasolateral polymerization of cellular fibronectin (FN) into a meshwork drives endothelial cell (EC) polarity and vascular remodelling. However, mechanisms coordinating α5β1 integrin-mediated extracellular FN endocytosis and exocytosis of newly synthesized FN remain elusive. Here we show that, on Rab21-elicited internalization, FN-bound/active α5β1 is recycled to the EC surface. We identify a pathway, comprising the regulators of post-Golgi carrier formation PI4KB and AP-1A, the small GTPase Rab11B, the surface tyrosine phosphatase receptor PTPRF and its adaptor PPFIA1, which we propose acts as a funnel combining FN secretion and recycling of active α5β1 integrin from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the EC surface, thus allowing FN fibrillogenesis. In this framework, PPFIA1 interacts with active α5β1 integrin and localizes close to EC adhesions where post-Golgi carriers are targeted. We show that PPFIA1 is required for FN polymerization-dependent vascular morphogenesis, both in vitro and in the developing zebrafish embryo.
Rapid laccolith intrusion driven by explosive volcanic eruption
Authors: Castro Jonathan M. , Cordonnier Benoit , Schipper C. Ian , Tuffen Hugh , Baumann Tobias S. , Feisel Yves 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMagmatic intrusions and volcanic eruptions are intimately related phenomena. Shallow magma intrusion builds subsurface reservoirs that are drained by volcanic eruptions. Thus, the long-held view is that intrusions must precede and feed eruptions. Here we show that explosive eruptions can also cause magma intrusion. We provide an account of a rapidly emplaced laccolith during the 2011 rhyolite eruption of Cordón Caulle, Chile. Remote sensing indicates that an intrusion began after eruption onset and caused severe (>200 m) uplift over 1 month. Digital terrain models resolve a laccolith-shaped body ∼0.8 km3. Deformation and conduit flow models indicate laccolith depths of only ∼20–200 m and overpressures (∼1–10 MPa) that likely stemmed from conduit blockage. Our results show that explosive eruptions may rapidly force significant quantities of magma in the crust to build laccoliths. These iconic intrusions can thus be interpreted as eruptive features that pose unique and previously unrecognized volcanic hazards.
Proliferation of Listeria monocytogenes L-form cells by formation of internal and external vesicles
Authors: Studer Patrick , Staubli Titu , Wieser Noémi , Wolf Patrick , Schuppler Markus , Loessner Martin J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractL-forms are cell wall-deficient bacteria that divide through unusual mechanisms, involving dynamic perturbations of the cellular shape and generation of vesicles, independently of the cell-division protein FtsZ. Here we describe FtsZ-independent mechanisms, involving internal and external vesicles, by which Listeria monocytogenesL-forms proliferate. Using micromanipulation of single cells and vesicles, we show that small vesicles are formed by invagination within larger intracellular vesicles, receive cytoplasmic content, and represent viable progeny. In addition, the L-forms can reproduce by pearling, that is, generation of extracellular vesicles that remain transiently linked to their mother cell via elastic membranous tubes. Using photobleaching and fluorescence recovery, we demonstrate cytoplasmic continuity and transfer through these membranous tubes. Our findings indicate that L-forms’ polyploidy and extended interconnectivity through membranous tubes contribute to the generation of viable progeny independently of dedicated division machinery, and further support L-forms as models for studies of potential multiplication mechanisms of hypothetical primitive cells.