bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local climate at breeding colonies influences pre-breeding arrival in a long-distance migrant
Authors: Lopez-Ricaurte Lina , Hernández-Pliego Jesús , García-Silveira Daniel , Bermejo-Bermejo Ana , Casado Susana , Cecere Jacopo G. , de la Puente Javier , Garcés-Toledano Fernando , Martínez-Dalmau Juan , Morganti Michelangelo , Ortega Alfredo , Rodríguez-Moreno Beatriz , Rubolini Diego , Sarà Maurizio , Bustamante Javier 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The annual cycles of long-distance migrant species are synchronized with the local climatic conditions at their breeding areas, as they impact the availability of food resources. A timely arrival of individuals to the breeding grounds is crucial for achieving high fitness. Variation in factors influencing timing, including climate, may thus impact the life history of individuals. We studied between-individual variation in migration timing, in particular how local breeding climate influences arrival time and how early-arriving individuals achieve a timely arrival. We tracked individual Lesser Kestrel (Falco naumanni) with GPS tags across a gradient of latitude (37°–42° N) and longitude (6.5° W–16.5° E). Arrival time was influenced by the breeding latitude, the breeding longitude, and the local temperature, without any apparent influence of sex. The time of arrival at the breeding grounds was 6 days later for every degree increase in latitude and 2 days later for every degree increase in longitude. Lesser Kestrels from southwestern colonies achieve earlier arrival than conspecifics breeding at northeastern colonies, mostly due to earlier departure from their non-breeding grounds. While we found some effects of travel speed and stopover duration on arrival date, the latter was primarily influenced by food abundance and wind conditions en route. The large effect of departure date from West Africa on arrival date, relative to the more moderate influence of stopover duration close to breeding colonies, supports the idea that geographically uneven climate change may negatively affect fitness via ecological mismatches in the breeding area.
Exploring the implicit meanings of ‘cultural diversity’: a critical conceptual analysis of commonly used approaches in medical education
Authors: Zanting Albertine , Frambach Janneke M. , Meershoek Agnes , Krumeich Anja 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExisting approaches to cultural diversity in medical education may be implicitly based on different conceptualisations of culture. Research has demonstrated that such interpretations matter to practices and people concerned. We therefore sought to identify the different conceptualisations espoused by these approaches and investigated their implications for education. We critically reviewed 52 articles from eight top medical education journals and subjected these to a conceptual analysis. Via open coding, we looked for references to approaches, their objectives, implicit notions of culture, and to implementation practices. We iteratively developed themes from the collected findings. We identified several approaches to cultural diversity teaching that used four different ways to conceptualise cultural diversity: culture as ‘fixed patient characteristic’, as ‘multiple fixed characteristics’, as ‘dynamic outcome impacting social interactions’, and as ‘power dynamics’. We discussed the assumptions underlying these different notions, and reflected upon limitations and implications for educational practice. The notion of ‘cultural diversity’ challenges learners’ communication skills, touches upon inherent inequalities and impacts how the field constructs knowledge. This study adds insights into how inherent inequalities in biomedical knowledge construction are rooted in methodological, ontological, and epistemological principles. Although these insights carry laborious implications for educational implementation, educators can learn from first initiatives, such as: standardly include information on patients’ multiple identities and lived experiences in case descriptions, stimulate more reflection on teachers’ and students’ own values and hierarchical position, acknowledge Western epistemological hegemony, explicitly include literature from diverse sources, and monitor diversity-integrated topics in the curriculum.
Cosmic strings and gravitational waves
Authors: Sousa Lara 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCosmic string networks are expected to generate a characteristic stochastic gravitational wave background that may be within the reach of current and upcoming gravitational wave detectors. A detection of this spectrum would provide invaluable information about the physics of the early universe, as it would allow us to probe the sequence of phase transitions that happened in the distant past. Here, I review the emission of gravitational waves by Nambu–Goto cosmic strings—thin cosmic strings that couple strongly to gravity only—and by superconducting strings—strings that carry electromagnetic currents. A comparison between the stochastic gravitational wave background predicted in these two very distinct string-forming scenarios reveals that this spectrum may have signatures that may allows us to discriminate between them observationally. The stochastic gravitational wave background generated by cosmic string networks may then enable us to uncover not only the energy-scale of the string-forming phase transition, but the underlying particle physics scenario as well.
UAV Routing for Enhancing the Performance of a Classifier-in-the-loop
Authors: Kumar Deepak Prakash , Rajbhandari Pranav , McGuire Loy , Darbha Swaroop , Sofge Donald 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSome human-machine systems are designed so that machines (robots) gather and deliver data to remotely located operators (humans) through an interface to aid them in classification. The performance of a human as a (binary) classifier-in-the-loop is characterized by probabilities of correctly classifying objects (or points of interest) as a true target or a false target. These two probabilities depend on the time spent collecting information at a point of interest (POI), known as dwell time. The information gain associated with collecting information at a POI is then a function of dwell time and discounted by the revisit time, i.e., the duration between consecutive revisits to the same POI, to ensure that the vehicle covers all POIs in a timely manner. The objective of the routing problem for classification is to route the vehicles optimally, which is a discrete problem, and determine the optimal dwell time at each POI, which is a continuous optimization problem, to maximize the total discounted information gain while visiting every POI at least once. Due to the coupled discrete and continuous problem, which makes the problem hard to solve, we make a simplifying assumption that the information gain is discounted exponentially by the revisit time; this assumption enables one to decouple the problem of routing with the problem of determining optimal dwell time at each POI for a single vehicle problem. For the multi-vehicle problem, since the problem involves task partitioning between vehicles in addition to routing and dwell time computation, we provide a fast heuristic to obtain high-quality feasible solutions.
Flexible Superconducting Wiring for Integration with Low-Temperature Detector and Readout Fabrication
Authors: O’Neil Galen , Swetz Daniel , Doriese Randy , Schmidt Dan , Vale Leila , Weber Joel , Singh Robinjeet , Keller Mark , Vissers Michael , Morgan Kelsey , Mates John , Roy Avirup , Ullom Joel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe present a method of creating high-density superconducting flexible wiring on flexible thin silicon substrates. The flexible wiring, called SOI flex, is created by depositing superconducting wiring on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer, selectively etching away the thicker silicon section handle layer, and bending the thinner silicon device layer. We show measurements of superconducting transition temperature and critical current for Mo, Nb, and Al on SOI flex. We discuss the expected advantages of SOI flex for low-temperature detector applications, as well as the role of stress and strain in bent silicon and niobium.
Fabrication of sol-gel derived homogeneously doped Er3+/Yb3+:SiO2 microspheres using laser melting
Authors: Chen Jie , Ma Jianxing , Black Charles M. , Shao Yuchen , Lei Jincheng , Xiao Hai , Peng Fei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSilica microspheres have been demonstrated as the optical micro-cavity for laser generation based on whispering-gallery modes (WGM). They can achieve a high-quality factor (Q) within a tiny volume. Traditionally, complex processes are needed to process a coating containing photoluminescent elements, with enough thickness and uniformity, for laser generation. We developed a novel sol-gel fabrication method of Er3+/Yb3+doped silica microspheres with a homogeneous doping concentration over the entire microsphere volume. The sol-gel precursors were doped with 1–2 mol% Er3+ and/or Yb3+. The viscosity of the precursor was controlled at around 4000 cP, and gel fibers can be conveniently drawn from the precursor. After firing at 1000 °C for 1 h, transparent fibers with diameters of 40–180 µm were obtained. The fiber tips were quickly melted into microspheres using a CO2 laser. The diameters of microspheres were determined by the fiber diameter and laser parameters, such as laser power and irradiation time duration. Typically, the microspheres had diameters between 90 to 160 µm. The emission spectrum under 357 nm and 527 nm excitation showed characteristic Er3+ emission peaks, that match the literature well. The UV-VIS spectra confirm the photoluminescence results and showed both Er3+ and Yb3+ characteristic absorptions. The optical behaviors of the microspheres indicate that the Er3+ and Yb3+ were well dispersed in the silica matrix and the microspheres had typical optical activities of Er3+/Yb3+ glasses.
Graphical Abstract
Patches, Patchworks, and Epsilon Terms: A Neo-Carnapian Account of Theoretical Terms in Science
Authors: De Benedetto Matteo , La Rosa Elio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the last decades, scientific laws and concepts have been increasingly conceptualized as a patchwork of contextual and indeterminate entities. These patchwork constructions are sometimes claimed to be incompatible with traditional views of scientific theories and concepts, but it is difficult to assess such claims due to the informal character of these approaches. In this paper, we will show that patchwork approaches pose a new problem of theoretical terms. Specifically, we will demonstrate how a toy example of a patchwork structure might trivialize Carnap’s semantics for theoretical terms based upon epsilon calculus. However, as we will see, this new problem of theoretical terms can be given a neo-Carnapian solution, by generalizing Carnap’s account of theoretical terms in such a way that it applies also to patchwork constructions. Our neo-Carnapian approach to theoretical terms will also demonstrate that the analytic/synthetic distinction is meaningful even for patchwork structures.
Whole genome sequencing in adults with clinical hallmarks of hypophosphatasia negative for ALPL variants
Authors: Seefried Lothar , Petryk Anna , del Angel Guillermo , Reder Felix , Bauer Peter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is a rare disease caused by deficient activity of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALP), encoded by the ALPL gene. The primary objective was to explore novel ALPL variants by whole genome sequencing (WGS) in patients with HPP who previously tested negative by standard methods for ALPL variants. The secondary objective was to search for genes beyond ALPL that may reduce ALP activity or contribute to HPP symptoms.

Methods and results
WGS was performed in 16 patients clinically diagnosed with HPP who had ALP activity below the normal range and tested negative for ALPL variants. Genetic variants in ALPL and genes possibly associated with low ALP activity or phenotypic overlap with HPP were assessed. All 16 patients had ALP activity below the normal range. WGS did not identify any novel disease-causing ALPL variants. Positive findings for other gene variants were identified in 4 patients: 1 patient presented with variants in COL1A1, NLRP12, and SCN9A, coding for collagen, type, I alpha-1 chain, nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 12, and sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 9, respectively; 1 presented with a heterozygous, likely pathogenic variant in P3H1 coding for prolyl 3 hydroxylase 1; 1 presented with a heterozygous pathogenic variant in SGCE, coding for sarcoglycan epsilon; and 1 presented with a heterozygous variant of uncertain significance in VDR, encoding vitamin D receptor.

Conclusion
Genomic analysis did not identify novel ALPL variants or a pattern of disease-causing variants in genes other than ALPL to explain the HPP phenotype in these patients.

Registration
Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04925804.
The Art of Soft Systems Inquiry: Retracing the Footsteps of Churchman and Checkland
Authors: Stowell Frank 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper I reflect upon soft-systems inquiry. To do this I revisit Churchman’s discourse on the philosophical ideas underpinning inquiring systems and then discuss the practical application of soft inquiry pioneered by Checkland. This body of work suggested ontological models of organisational behavior were inappropriate and only by adopting an epistemological perspective would provide the basis for understanding complex systems that characterise human society. These ideas motivated a new way of addressing complexity. This work created a difficulty for action research since to be faithful to this discovery meant that any method of inquiry should be one that could cope with such complexity. One outcome was Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). Paradoxically the success of SSM has restrained further discussion of these ideas. The purpose of this paper is to revisit the ideas of Churchman and Checkland as a means of returning to first principles. In this paper I reassess their ideas and those of Husserl and Gadamer and suggest there is more to be gained from this rich seam of systems thinking.
Multiscale neural dynamics in sleep transition volatility across age scales: a multimodal EEG-EMG-EOG analysis of temazepam effects
Authors: Sirpal Parikshat , Sikora William A. , Refai Hazem H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent advances in computational modeling techniques have facilitated a more nuanced understanding of sleep neural dynamics across the lifespan. In this study, we tensorize multiscale multimodal electroencephalogram (EEG), electromyogram (EMG), and electrooculogram (EOG) signals and apply Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) modeling to quantify interactions between age scales and the use of pharmacological sleep aids on sleep stage transitions. Our cohort consists of 22 subjects in a crossover design study, where each subject received both a sleep aid and a placebo in different sessions. To understand these effects across the lifespan, three evenly distributed age groups were formed: 18–29, 30–49, and 50–66 years. The methodological framework implemented here employs tensor-based machine learning techniques to compute continuous wavelet transform time–frequency features and utilizes a GARCH model to quantify sleep signal volatility across age scales. Support Vector Machines are used for feature ranking, and our analysis captures interactions between signal entropy, age, and sleep aid status across frequency bands, sleep transitions, and sleep stages. GARCH model results reveal statistically significant volatility clustering in EEG, EMG, and EOG signals, particularly during transitions between REM and non-REM sleep. Notably, volatility was higher in the 50–66 age group compared to the 18–29 age group, with marked fluctuations during transitions from deep sleep to REM sleep (standard deviation of 0.35 in the older group vs. 0.30 in the 18–29 age group, p < 0.05). Statistical comparisons of volatility across frequency bands, age scales, and sleep stages highlight significant differences attributable to sleep aid use. Mean conditional volatility parameterization of the GARCH model reveals directional influences, with a causality index of 0.75 from frontal to occipital regions during REM sleep transition periods. Our methodological framework identifies distinct neural behavior patterns across age groups associated with each sleep stage and transition, offering insights into the development of targeted interventions for sleep regularity across the lifespan.
Perturbations of exponential maps: Non-recurrent dynamics
Authors: Aspenberg Magnus , Cui Weiwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study perturbations of non-recurrent parameters in the exponential family. It is shown that the set of such parameters has Lebesgue measure zero. This particularly implies that the set of escaping parameters has Lebesgue measure zero, which complements a result of Qiu from 1994. Moreover, we show that non-recurrent parameters can be approximated by hyperbolic ones.
On the injectivity of the shifted Funk–Radon transform and related harmonic analysis
Authors: Rubin Boris 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNecessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for injectivity of the shifted Funk–Radon transform associated with k-dimensional totally geodesic submanifolds of the unit sphere Sn in ℝn+1. This result generalizes the well known statement for the spherical means on Sn and is formulated in terms of zeros of Jacobi polynomials. The relevant harmonic analysis is developed, including a new concept of induced Stiefel (or Grassmannian) harmonics, the Funk–Hecke type theorems, addition formula, and multipliers. Some perspectives and conjectures are discussed.
The roles of AI and educational leaders in AI-assisted administrative decision-making: a proposed framework for symbiotic collaboration
Authors: Dai Ruixun , Thomas Matthew Krehl Edward , Rawolle Shaun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEducation has always been in a state of flux because of technological disruption. As schools head towards a present in which digital technology is normalised as part of the fabric of everyday society, a post-digital paradigm, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is changing the educational administration and leadership. It is crucial to find ways to coexist with AI while striving for a human-centric future. While numerous studies advocate for a collaborative synergy between AI and human leaders in educational governance, there is a gap in explicating the precise roles they undertake. This paper aims to address the void by providing a conceptual framework for the symbiotic roles of AI and educational leaders in the administrative decision-making process. This paper views administrative decision-making in schools as a political process involving negotiations among administrators, teachers, students, and parents. Within the framework, AI shoulders informational roles such as collecting and analysing data with its data analysis capability. Conversely, educational leaders are tasked with establishing the vision, disseminating information, managing conflicts, identifying new opportunities, negotiating and allocating decision-making authority to stakeholders. Moreover, educational leaders should encourage and supervise the implementation of AI in schools. The framework serves as a theoretical lens for prospective studies of AI impacts on education leadership and administration and bears practical implications for the preparation of future school leaders, contributing to the creation of a scenario where AI augments, rather than replaces educational leadership.
Grewiifopenes A–K, bioactive clerodane diterpenoids from Casearia grewiifolia Vent.
Authors: Pailee Phanruethai , Batsomboon Paratchata , Yaosanit Wiriya , Thananthaisong Theerawat , Mahidol Chulabhorn , Ploypradith Poonsakdi , Reuk-ngam Nanthawan , Khlaychan Panita , Techasakul Supanna , Ruchirawat Somsak , Prachyawarakorn Vilailak 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEleven novel clerodane-type diterpenoids, grewiifopenes A–K (1–4 and 12–18), along with nine known compounds (5–11, 19, and 20) were purified from the dichloromethane extract of the twigs and stems of Casearia grewiifolia Vent. (Salicaceae). Their spectroscopic data, including the NMR, HRESIMS, and electronic circular dichroism calculations were employed to completely characterize and elucidate the chemical structures and absolute configurations. The clerodane diterpenoids possessing a 6-OH group and no substitution at C-7 exhibited greater cytotoxic activity than others, with their IC50 values ranging from 0.3 to 2.9 μM. Isocaseamembrin E (7) exhibited antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, while isocaseamembrin E (7), corymbulosin X (8), caseargrewiin A (9), kurzipene A (10), and balanspene F (11) exhibited antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus.
Graphical Abstract
The Time Course of Injury Risk After Return-to-Play in Professional Football (Soccer)
Authors: Zhang Guangze , Brink Michel , aus der Fünten Karen , Tröß Tobias , Willeit Peter , Meyer Tim , Lemmink Koen , Hecksteden Anne 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Injury risk in professional football (soccer) is increased in the weeks following return-to-play (RTP). However, the time course of injury risk after RTP (the hazard curve) as well as its influencing factors are largely unknown. This knowledge gap, which is arguably due to the volatility of instantaneous risk when calculated for short time intervals, impedes on informed RTP decision making and post-RTP player management.

Objectives
This study aimed to characterize the hazard curve for non-contact time-loss injuries after RTP in male professional football and to investigate the influence of the severity of the index injury and playing position.

Methods
Media-based injury records from the first German football league were collected over four seasons as previously published. Time-to-event analysis was employed for non-contact time-loss injury after RTP. The Kaplan–Meier survival function was used to calculate the cumulative hazard function, from which the continuous hazard function was retrieved by derivation.

Results
There were 1623 observed and 1520 censored events from 646 players analyzed. The overall shape of the hazard curve was compatible with an exponential decline of injury risk, from an approximately two-fold level shortly after RTP towards baseline, with a half-time of about 4 weeks. Interestingly, the peak of the hazard curve was slightly delayed for moderate and more clearly for severe index injuries.

Conclusions
The time course of injury risk after RTP (the hazard curve) can be characterized based on the Kaplan–Meier model. The shape of the hazard curve and its influencing factors are of practical as well as methodological relevance and warrant further investigation.