bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intercomparison of soil pore water extraction methods for stable isotope analysis
Authors: Orlowski Natalie , Pratt Dyan L. , McDonnell Jeffrey J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMeasurements of δ2H and δ18O composition of pore waters in saturated and unsaturated soil samples are routinely performed in hydrological studies. A variety of in‐situ and lab‐based pore water extraction methods for the analysis of the stable isotopes of water now exist. While some have been used for decades (e.g. cryogenic vacuum extraction) others are relatively new, such as direct vapour equilibration or the microwave extraction technique. Despite their broad range of application, a formal and comprehensive intercomparison of soil water extraction methods for stable isotope analysis is lacking and long overdue. Here we present an intercomparison among five commonly used lab‐based pore water extraction techniques (high pressure mechanical squeezing, centrifugation, direct vapour equilibration, microwave extraction, and cryogenic extraction). We applied these extraction methods to two physicochemically different soil types that were dried and rewetted with water of known isotopic composition at three different water contents. Our results showed that the extraction approach can have a significant effect on pore water isotopic composition as all methods exhibited significant deviations from the spiked reference water, depending secondarily on the soil type and soil water content. Most pronounced, cryogenic water extraction showed large deviations from the spiked reference water, whereas mechanical squeezing and centrifugation provided results closest to the spiked water for both soil types. We also compared results for each extraction method – where liquid water was obtained – on both an OA‐ICOS and IRMS. Differences between these two analytical instruments were negligible for these organic compound‐free waters. We suggest that users of soil water extraction approaches carefully choose an extraction technique that is suitable for the specific research question, adapted to the dominant soil type and water content of the study. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal and event‐based drivers of runoff and phosphorus export through agricultural tile drains under sandy loam soil in a cool temperate region
Authors: Lam W.V. , Macrae M.L. , English M.C. , O'Halloran I. P. , Plach J.M. , Wang Y. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFrequent algal blooms in surface water bodies caused by nutrient loading from agricultural lands are an ongoing problem in many regions globally. Tile drains beneath poorly and imperfectly drained agricultural soils have been identified as key pathways for phosphorus (P) transport. Two tile drains in an agricultural field with sandy loam soil in southern Ontario, Canada were monitored over a 28‐month period to quantify discharge and the concentrations and loads of dissolved reactive P (DRP) and total P (TP) in their effluent. This paper characterizes seasonal differences in runoff generation and P export in tile drain effluent and relates hydrologic and biogeochemical responses to precipitation inputs and antecedent soil moisture conditions. The generation of runoff in tile drains was only observed above a clear threshold soil moisture content (~0.49 m3·m−3 in the top 10 cm of the soil; above field capacity and close to saturation), indicating that tile discharge responses to precipitation inputs were governed by the available soil‐water storage capacity of the soil. Soil moisture content approached this threshold throughout the non‐growing season (October – April), leading to runoff responses to most events. Concentrations of P in effluent were variable throughout the study but were not correlated with discharge (p > 0.05). However, there were significant relationships between discharge volume (mm) and DRP and TP loads (kg ha−1) for events occurring over the study period (R2 ≥ 0.49, p ≤ 0.001). This research has shown that the hydrologic and biogeochemical responses of tile drains in a sandy loam soil can be predicted to within an order of magnitude from simple hydrometric data such as precipitation and soil moisture once baseline conditions at a site have been determined. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The identification of an appropriate Minimum Inter‐event Time (MIT) based on multifractal characterization of rainfall data series
Authors: Medina‐Cobo M. T. , García‐Marín A.P. , Estévez J. , Ayuso‐Muñoz J.L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDifferent hydrological models of sediment entrainment, infiltration, overland flow production, soil loss, landslide occurrence, among others, need rainfall events data. The Minimum Inter‐event Time (MIT) used to separate rainfall events affects their properties. Therefore, it is highly important their correct definition. Various event definitions are commonly used in hydrology, and a high variety of MIT is applied. In this work, an easy method is proposed for deciding the proper MIT in a certain place when dealing with hourly rainfall data series. This new methodology is based on the scale invariance properties of rainfall, analysed with both multifractal and Self‐Organized Criticality theories. The similarity between some parameters from both analyses allows picking out the more appropriate MIT for the hourly rainfall data sets analysed, in Malaga (Southern Spain) and Bullileo (Central Chile). The method can be applied for different rainfall time resolutions according to the purpose of the model that needs the rain event information. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of a nonstationary copula to predict future bivariate low flow frequency in the Connecticut river basin
Authors: Ahn Kuk‐Hyun , Palmer Richard N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFrequency analysis of streamflow provides an essential ingredient in our understanding of hydrologic events and provides needed guidance in the design and management of water resources infrastructure. However, traditional hydrologic approaches often fail to include important external effects that can result in unpredictable or unforeseen changes in streamflow. Moreover, previous studies investigating multiple characteristics of streamflow do not address a nonstationary approach. This study explores nonstationary frequency analysis of bivariate characteristics, including occurrence and severity, of annual low flow in the Connecticut River Basin, United States. To investigate bivariate low flow frequency, copulas and their marginal distributions are constructed by using stationary and nonstationary approaches. Our study results indicate that streamflow used in this study demonstrate significant nonstationarity. Over time, the occurrence and severity of low flows are shown to be lower with the same probability based on the results of nonstationary copulas. Bivariate low flow frequencies in the years 1970, 2000, and 2030, and their joint return periods are estimated under the nonstationary copulas. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Detection of Prosocial Lying by Children
Authors: Eskritt Michelle , Lee Kang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to explore the detection of prosocial lying in children. Six‐ to 11‐year‐olds and adults were videotaped telling the truth or a lie about the desirability of an object, sometimes being asked a follow‐up question (i.e., elaborative trials) and other times not (i.e., regular trials). A different group of adults and children then judged the veracity of the individuals' statements in the video clips. Adults and children performed significantly better than chance at detecting lies in the youngest age group, and children's detection performance was unrelated to their age. Child lie detectors, unlike the adults, were also able to discriminate between adults' truthful and untruthful statements in the regular trials, but misidentified adults' truthful responses as lies. They appeared to be more trusting of other children. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The G‐JF Thermostat for Accurate Configurational Sampling in Soft‐Matter Simulations
Authors: Arad Evyatar , Farago Oded , Grønbech‐Jensen Niels 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe implement the statistically sound G‐JF thermostat for Langevin dynamics simulations into the ESPResSo molecular package for large‐scale simulations of soft‐matter systems. The implemented integration method is tested against the integrator currently used by the molecular package in simulations of a fluid bilayer membrane. While the latter exhibits deviations in the sampling statistics that increase with the integration time step dt, the former reproduces near‐correct configurational statistics for all dt within the stability range of the simulations. We conclude that, with very modest revisions to existing codes, one can significantly improve the performance of statistical sampling using Langevin thermostats.
A Review of Literacy Interventions for Adults With Extensive Needs for Supports
Authors: Copeland Susan R. , McCord Jessica A. , Kruger Ashley 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLiteracy skills enhance opportunities for a meaningful life. Many adults with extensive support needs did not receive effective literacy instruction in school, which limits their future opportunities. We reviewed 17 research studies examining literacy interventions for these adults. We were interested in (a) who were the participants, (b) the types of literacy targets represented, (c) the types of interventions utilized, and (d) the outcomes of these interventions. Findings documented that adults with extensive support needs can and do acquire literacy skills across the lifespan. Although there is a promising trend to teach for meaning using a multi‐component approach, few studies examined transfer of learning beyond the intervention setting. We discuss the implications of findings for future research and for practice.
Absenteeism, Gender and the Morbidity–Mortality Paradox
Authors: Avdic Daniel , Johansson Per 
Published: April 2016

SummaryWomen are, on average, more often absent from work for health reasons than men, but live longer. This conflicting pattern suggests that the gender absenteeism gap arises partly from factors unrelated to objective health. An overlooked explanation is that men and women might have different preferences for absenteeism due to different attitudes to, for example, risk. Using detailed administrative data on absenteeism, hospitalizations, and mortality, we evaluate the existence of gender‐specific preferences for absenteeism and analyze whether these differences are socially determined. We find robust evidence of gender differences in absenteeism that cannot be explained by poorer objective health among women. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of SDF‐1α on low dose BMP‐2 mediated bone regeneration by release from heparinized mineralized collagen type I matrix scaffolds in a murine critical size bone defect model
Authors: Zwingenberger Stefan , Langanke Robert , Vater Corina , Lee Geoffrey , Niederlohmann Eik , Sensenschmidt Markus , Jacobi Angela , Bernhardt Ricardo , Muders Michael , Rammelt Stefan , Knaack Sven , Gelinsky Michael , Günther Klaus‐Peter , Goodman Stuart B. , Stiehler Maik 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe treatment of critical size bone defects represents a challenge. The growth factor bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) is clinically established but has potentially adverse effects when used at high doses. The aim of this study was to evaluate if stromal derived factor‐1 alpha (SDF‐1α) and BMP‐2 released from heparinized mineralized collagen type I matrix (MCM) scaffolds have a cumulative effect on bone regeneration. MCM scaffolds were functionalized with heparin, loaded with BMP‐2 and/or SDF‐1α and implanted into a murine critical size femoral bone defect (control group, low dose BMP‐2 group, low dose BMP‐2 + SDF‐1α group, and high dose BMP‐2 group). After 6 weeks, both the low dose BMP‐2 + SDF‐1α group (5.8 ± 0.6 mm³, p = 0.0479) and the high dose BMP‐2 group (6.5 ± 0.7 mm³, p = 0.008) had a significantly increased regenerated bone volume compared to the control group (4.2 ± 0.5 mm³). There was a higher healing score in the low dose BMP‐2 + SDF‐1α group (median grade 8; Q1‐Q3 7‐9; p = 0.0357) than in the low dose BMP‐2 group (7; Q1‐Q3 5‐9) histologically. This study showed that release of BMP‐2 and SDF‐1α from heparinized MCM scaffolds allows for the reduction of the applied BMP‐2 concentration since SDF‐1α seems to enhance the osteoinductive potential of BMP‐2. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2126–2134, 2016.
Optimization of SDS exposure on preservation of ECM characteristics in whole organ decellularization of rat kidneys
Authors: He M. , Callanan A. , Lagaras K. , Steele J. A. M. , Stevens M. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRenal transplantation is well established as the optimal form of renal replacement therapy but is restricted by the limited pool of organs available for transplantation. The whole organ decellularisation approach is leading the way for a regenerative medicine solution towards bioengineered organ replacements. However, systematic preoptimization of both decellularization and recellularization parameters is essential prior to any potential clinical application and should be the next stage in the evolution of whole organ decellularization as a potential strategy for bioengineered organ replacements. Here we have systematically assessed two fundamental parameters (concentration and duration of perfusion) with regards to the effects of differing exposure to the most commonly used single decellularizing agent (sodium dodecyl sulphate/SDS) in the perfusion decellularization process for whole rat kidney ECM bioscaffolds, with findings showing improved preservation of both structural and functional components of the whole kidney ECM bioscaffold. Whole kidney bioscaffolds based on our enhanced protocol were successfully recellularized with rat primary renal cells and mesenchymal stromal cells. These findings should be widely applicable to decellularized whole organ bioscaffolds and their optimization in the development of regenerated organ replacements for transplantation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1352–1360, 2017.
ACTH Modulates PTP‐PEST Activity and Promotes Its Interaction With Paxillin
Authors: Gorostizaga Alejandra Beatriz , Mori Sequeiros Garcia M. Mercedes , Acquier Andrea B. , Lopez‐Costa Juan J. , Mendez Carlos F. , Maloberti Paula M. , Paz Cristina 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTAdrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) treatment has been proven to promote paxillin dephosphorylation and increase soluble protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity in rat adrenal zona fasciculata (ZF). Also, in‐gel PTP assays have shown the activation of a 115‐kDa PTP (PTP115) by ACTH. In this context, the current work presents evidence that PTP115 is PTP‐PEST, a PTP that recognizes paxillin as substrate. PTP115 was partially purified from rat adrenal ZF and PTP‐PEST was detected through Western blot in bioactive samples taken in each purification step. Immunohistochemical and RT‐PCR studies revealed PTP‐PEST expression in rat ZF and Y1 adrenocortical cells. Moreover, a PTP‐PEST siRNA decreased the expression of this phosphatase. PKA phosphorylation of purified PTP115 isolated from non‐ACTH‐treated rats increased KM and VM. Finally, in‐gel PTP assays of immunoprecipitated paxillin from control and ACTH‐treated rats suggested a hormone‐mediated increase in paxillin–PTP115 interaction, while PTP‐PEST and paxillin co‐localize in Y1 cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate PTP‐PEST expression in adrenal ZF and its regulation by ACTH/PKA and also suggest an ACTH‐induced PTP–PEST–paxillin interaction. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2170–2181, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A New Approach to Sensing H Using SBA‐15 Grafted with Fluorene di‐ammonium Groups and Theoretical study
Authors: Badiei Alireza , Yadavi Marzieh , Shayesteh Alireza , Jafari Maryam , Ziarani Ghodsi Mohammadi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFluorene‐di‐ammonium‐functionalized mesoporous silica (FDMS) was prepared through post synthesis grafting method of SBA‐15. The obtained material was characterized by means of small and wide angle X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorptiondesorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spec‐ troscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis and elemental analysis. The results showed that the original structure of SBA‐15 is preserved after the post grafting procedure. Surface area, pore size and pore volume de‐ creased by attaching functional groups to the pore surface. The grafted amount of fluorene on the surface of SBA‐15 was 0.50 mmol with yield about 40.6 %. The emission spectra of FDMS was studied in acid me‐ dia and discussed in details. Computational studies were performed in order to obtain a detailed electronic description of the mechanism of FDMS fluorescence by H+ as well as studying the structure and bonding in the (FDMS)H+. The structural change between FDMS and protonated form can serve as an effective candidate for pH‐indicator, and might be used as acid‐dependent molecular‐sensor models for advanced applications in optical sensors in the future.
Indium Trichloride (InCl3) Catalyzed Synthesis of Fused 7‐Azaindole Derivatives Using Domino Knoevenagel‐Michael Reaction
Authors: Dongare Sakharam B. , Chavan Hemant V. , Surwase Datta N. , Bhale Pravin S. , Mule Yoginath B. , Bandgar Babasaheb P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAn efficient and high yielding methodology developed for the synthesis of fused 7‐azaindole derivatives via one pot multicomponent assembly process of cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyls with substituted aldehydes and 5‐amino‐1‐tert‐butyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐3‐carbonitrile. The transformation occurs via domino Knoevenagel‐ Michael reaction followed by intramolecular cyclization in the presence of catalytic amount of InCl3 (10 mol %). Mild reaction conditions, easy isolation of products, and good to excellent yields in a shorter period of time are the silent features of present methodology. Structures of all the newly prepared compounds have been corroborated by various spectroscopic methods.
Seasonal Variation of Blood Calcium Levels in Children Aged 1–10
Authors: Zhang Meichun , Zhai Rongrong , Liu Jie , Guang Hui , Li Benzhong , Zhang Songtao 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundIn this study, the associations of seasons with blood calcium levels in children aged 1–10 have not been evaluated.MethodsIn 2012–2014, whole blood samples were collected from 2,562 children and calcium concentrations were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The associations of seasons with calcium levels were analyzed by multivariable regression.ResultsThe mean value of calcium concentrations was 1.61 ± 0.13 mmol/l and the overall deficiency was 29.3%. Overall, compared to those in winter, children in spring and summer had significant lower calcium concentrations that decreased by 1.2% (β = −0.012; 95% CI: −0.021, −0.002) and 1.4% (β = −0.014; 95% CI: −0.023, −0.005), respectively; and corresponding higher calcium deficiencies than those in spring, summer, and autumn with odds ratios (OR) were 1.93 (95% CI: 1.39, 2.66), 1.65 (95% CI: 1.21, 2.24), and 1.57 (95% CI: 1.14, 2.15), respectively. Moreover, this seasonality was more significant in girls in whom calcium concentration in summer decreased by 1.9% (β = −0.019; 95% CI: −0.036, −0.003) and OR for calcium deficiencies in summer was 2.46 (1.38–4.41), compared to the girls in winter.ConclusionsThe seasons have significant association with blood calcium levels, especially in girls. However, the impact of this seasonality on children's health is still unknown.
Reference Intervals of Routine Coagulation Assays During the Pregnancy and Puerperium Period
Authors: Gong Jiao‐Mei , Shen Yong , He Yan‐Xia 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundSignificant changes occur in the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems during pregnancy and puerperium in the plasma levels. However, reference ranges based on healthy people are not optimal for informing clinical decisions during the pregnancy and puerperium. Therefore, it is essential to explore coagulation assays’ reference ranges during the pregnancy and puerperium.MethodsProthrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT), fibrinogen (Fib.), and D‐dimer were all measured according to the manufacturer's specifications and laboratory standard operating procedure of the STA‐R evolution coagulation analyzer. A total of 11,601 women were enrolled in this study.ResultsThe reference ranges for PT, APTT, TT, Fib., and D‐dimer in nonpregnancy period were 10.87–13.76 s, 29.22–44.61 s, 15.39–20.15 s, 1.59–3.97 g/l, and 0–0.56 mg/l, respectively. In early‐pregnancy period, the ranges were 11.14–14.07 s, 29.97–44.69 s, 14.92–19.03 s, 1.98–4.13 g/l, and 0–1.67 mg/l, respectively. In midpregnancy period, the ranges were 9.98–12.84 s, 28.53–40.70 s, 13.51–19.82 s, 2.63–5.19 g/l, and 0–2.81 mg/l, respectively. In late‐pregnancy period, the ranges were 9.48–12.58 s, 28.61–40.80 s, 14.10–19.61 s, 2.80–5.56 g/l, and 0–27.08 mg/l, respectively. In puerperium period, the ranges were 10.85–13.72 s, 30.51–43.02 s, 15.31–19.64 s, 1.14–5.07 g/l, and 1.27–4.85 mg/l, respectively.ConclusionWe presented reference intervals for coagulation assays from the nonpregnancy to puerperium period that can be adopted in other laboratories after further validation.
Psychological Predictors of Anxiety and Depression in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Garlovsky Jack K. , Overton Paul G. , Simpson Jane 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesParkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, affecting the motor system with psychological difficulties also frequently reported. While explanations for psychological difficulties are historically situated within a biomedical framework, more recently the relevance of psychological determinants has become a research focus. This review therefore examines this relationship with the two most commonly reported psychological difficulties (anxiety and depression) in people with PD.MethodDatabases were systematically searched up to December 17, 2013, identifying 24 studies meeting inclusion criteria.ResultsSignificant predictors of heightened anxiety and depression included increased emotion‐focused coping; less problem‐focused coping; lower perceived control; more dominant beliefs about PD as part of a person's identity and influence on life; less social support and more avoidant personality types.ConclusionsRelationships between some specific psychological predictors and depression and anxiety seem well supported. The complexity of relationships between these psychological determinants should be taken into consideration when delivering psychological interventions.