bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Practical Training Program for Peripheral Radial Artery Catheterization in Adult Patients
Authors: Nakayama Yoshinobu , Inagaki Yuko , Nakajima Yasufumi , Sessler Daniel I. , Mukai Nobuhiro , Ogawa Satoru , Mizobe Toshiki , Sawa Teiji 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background
The main cause of unsuccessful peripheral radial artery catheterization using traditional palpation is imprecisely locating the arterial center. The authors evaluated factors causing disparities between the arterial centers determined by palpation versus ultrasound. The authors applied them to create and test a novel catheterization training program.

Methods
The arterial central axis was determined by ultrasound and palpation in 350 adults. Potential independent predictors of disparity included sex, body mass index, pulse pressure, transverse arterial diameter, subcutaneous arterial depth, chronic hypertension, and experience as an anesthesiologist (less than 3 vs. greater than or equal to 3 yr). Using the results, the authors developed a radial artery catheterization training program. It was tested by enrolling 20 first-year interns, randomized to a training or control group. The time to successful insertion was the primary outcome measure. The success rate and time required for catheterization by palpation were evaluated in 100 adult patients per group.

Results
Independent predictors of central axis disparity were pulse pressure, subcutaneous radial artery depth, years of experience, and chronic hypertension. Training improved the catheterization time (training group 56 ± 2 s vs. control group 109 ± 2 s; difference –53 ± 3 s; 95% CI, –70 to –36 s; P &lt; 0.0001) and total success rate (training group 83 of 100 attempts, 83%; 95% CI, 75 to 90 vs. control group 57 of 100, 57%; 95% CI, 47 to 66; odds ratio, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.7 to 5.1).

Conclusions
Misjudging the central axis position of the radial artery is common with a weak pulse and/or deep artery. The authors’ program, which focused on both these issues, shortened the time for palpation-guided catheterization and improved success.
Global incidence of primary malignant bone tumors
Authors: Kumar Narinder , Gupta Bhawna 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Though the incidence of primary malignant bone tumors is relatively low, the mortality related to them is disproportionately high, especially among teenagers and young adults. The currently available incidence figures are based mainly on data collected from more developed countries. Global incidence figures and comparative figures between various regions and continents are not available.

Methods:
The global incidence rates for primary malignant bone tumors across all age groups were estimated using the data from the Cancer Incidence in Five Continents, IARC CI5-annual detailed data set (ADDS). Comparison of incidence rates was done across all age groups and continents, including gender comparison. The data are presented in 5-year age brackets from birth until maximal possible age for which data were available in the database.

Results:
The global incidence of primary malignant bone tumors shows a specific age distribution pattern with two incidence peaks at 10-20 yr and a steady increase from 40 yr to the age of 80 yr. There is a significant difference between males and females, with males being affected almost 1.5 times more frequently than females. South America had the highest incidence rates in both the peak age groups affected.

Conclusions:
There are significant geographic variations in incidence of primary malignant bone tumors with variation being more significant in elderly age group.
Liquid nitrogen recycled autograft prosthesis composite reconstruction for osteosarcoma around the knee: review of 15 cases
Authors: Mostafa Mohamed Abdel Rahman , Mashhour Mohamed Ahmed , El Masry Ayman Mohammad , Azmy Sherif Ishak 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Many technical and financial obstacles face surgeons when performing limb-salvage surgeries.

Methods:
We retrospectively studied 15 patients with osteosarcoma around the knee joint treated with limb salvage procedure in the form of wide resection, recycling the resected segment using liquid nitrogen followed by implantation of a hinged knee prosthesis and re-implantation of the autograft-prosthetic composite to the host bone by osteosynthesis, with mean follow-up duration of 66.53 mo.

Results:
The average duration until union of the graft was 7.73 mo (range, 4-13 mo). Implant failure occurred in one of 15 patients with resultant screw pull out for whom revision plating was done. Superficial wound infection occurred in one of 15 patients for whom surgical debridement was done. No prosthesis-related complications were detected until the final follow-up. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring was applicable for 13 patients who were alive at the final follow-up period and was 73%. Eleven of 15 patients were disease free at last follow-up (average follow-up 66.5 mo).

Conclusions:
As far as we know no other research showed population study homogeneity regarding autograft prosthesis composite reconstruction using liquid nitrogen around the knee joint for the same pathology. Use of recycled autograft prosthesis composite is an option that eliminates disadvantages of both stand-alone endoprosthetic replacement and recycled tumor-bearing segment autografts while preserving the advantages of these techniques. The technique provides comparable survival rates to other techniques. It represents an alternative to the use of allograft when culturally unacceptable and saves about 50% of expected cost as compared to megaprosthesis reconstruction.
Autologous Minced Muscle Grafts Improve Muscle Strength in a Porcine Model of Volumetric Muscle Loss Injury
Authors: Ward Catherine L. , Pollot Beth E. , Goldman Stephen M. , Greising Sarah M. , Wenke Joseph C. , Corona Benjamin T. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives:
The traumatic loss of muscle tissue, defined as volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury, has no definitive therapy. The purposes of this study were: (1) to develop a porcine model of VML and (2) to investigate autologous minced muscle grafts (1-mm3 pieces of muscle) as a potential therapeutic. Minced grafts were evaluated because they have promoted fiber regeneration and functional recovery in rat VML models and do not require US Food and Drug Administration approval for clinical use.

Methods:
In 5 female Yorkshire-cross pigs, ≈5 g (≈20%) of tissue was excised from the peroneous tertius muscle (≈3 × 3 × 1.5-cm defect) of each leg. The defect in one leg was treated with autologous minced grafts derived from the contralateral leg. Maximal isometric tetanic strength assessments of the dorsiflexor muscles (ie, the peroneous tertius muscle) were performed before and biweekly up to 12 weeks postinjury.

Results:
VML injury resulted in a −43.5% ± 7.2% strength deficit 12 weeks postinjury in nonrepaired legs. Autologous minced muscle graft repair significantly improved strength over 12 weeks (32% strength increase 12 weeks postinjury vs. nonrepaired muscles with a remaining −27.8% ± 7.0% strength deficit; P < 0.001). Nonrepaired muscles developed extensive fibrosis and presented no evidence of muscle fiber regeneration within the defect area. Minced graft-treated muscles presented areas of putative de novo muscle fiber regeneration within the defect area, although extensive fibrotic tissue deposition was also present.

Conclusion:
Autologous minced muscle grafts partially restored neuromuscular strength in a novel porcine model of VML.
What Are Your Patients Reading Online About Soft-tissue Fillers? An Analysis of Internet Information
Authors: Al-Taha Mona T. , Al Youha Sarah A. , Bull Courtney E. , Butler Michael B. , Williams Jason G. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Soft-tissue fillers are increasingly being used for noninvasive facial rejuvenation. They generally offer minimal downtime and reliable results. However, significant complications are reported and patients need to be aware of these as part of informed consent. The Internet serves as a vital resource to inform patients of the risks and benefits of this procedure.

Methods:
Three independent reviewers performed a structured analysis of 65 Websites providing information on soft-tissue fillers. Validated instruments were used to analyze each site across multiple domains, including readability, accessibility, reliability, usability, quality, and accuracy. Associations between the endpoints and Website characteristics were assessed using linear regression and proportional odds modeling.

Results:
The majority of Websites were physician private practice sites (36.9%) and authored by board-certified plastic surgeons or dermatologists (35.4%) or nonphysicians (27.7%). Sites had a mean Flesch-Kincaid grade level of 11.9 ± 2.6, which is well above the recommended average of 6 to 7 grade level. Physician private practice sites had the lowest scores across all domains with a notable lack of information on complications. Conversely, Websites of professional societies focused in plastic surgery and dermatology, as well as academic centers scored highest overall.

Conclusions:
As the use of soft-tissue fillers is rising, patients should be guided toward appropriate sources of information such as Websites sponsored by professional societies. Medical professionals should be aware that patients may be accessing poor information online and strive to improve the overall quality of information available on soft-tissue fillers.
CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION IN A PATIENT WITH PREVIOUSLY TREATED BIRDSHOT CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Sohn Elliott H. , Chirco Kathleen R. , Folk James C. , Mullins Robert F. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:
Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR) is a bilateral, chronic uveitis primarily involving the posterior segment that often results in progressive vision loss. Histopathology on eyes with BCR has been limited, but we had the rare opportunity to study the eyes of a donor with BCR. We sought to compare immunolabeling in the eyes of this donor who was treated with immunosuppression for over 30 years to age-matched controls.

Methods:
From each eye, a macular punch and superotemporal regions were used for cryostat sectioning, and immunohistochemistry was performed on the sections using antibodies directed against CD45, intercellular adhesion molecule–1, IBA1, and GFAP. The vasculature-binding lectin, Ulex europaeus agglutinin–I (UEA-I), was also used to perform lectin histochemistry.

Results:
At death, her visual acuity was 20/25 right eye, 20/250 left eye with extensive chorioretinal atrophy, vascular attenuation, and disk pallor. Compared with controls, the BCR donor had extensive degeneration of the outer nuclear layer and retinal pigment epithelium as well as choroidal thinning with inner retinal preservation. Loss of UEA-I+ choroidal endothelial cells was extensive, and atypical intercellular adhesion molecule–1 labeling and IBA+ microglia/macrophages were present along with widespread GFAP labeling throughout the retina.

Conclusion:
The BCR may cause progressive chorioretinal and optic atrophy with long-standing increased leukocyte abundance throughout the retina and microglial activation especially at the retina–choroid interface.
To the Point: Integrating Patient Safety Education Into the Obstetrics and Gynecology Undergraduate Curriculum
Authors: Abbott Jodi F. , Pradhan Archana , Buery-Joyner Samantha , Casey Petra M. , Chuang Alice , Dugoff Lorraine , Dalrymple John L. , Forstein David A. , Hampton Brittany S. , Hueppchen Nancy A. , Kaczmarczyk Joseph M. , Katz Nadine T. , Nuthalapaty Francis S. , Page-Ramsey Sarah , Wolf Abigail , Cullimore Amie J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This article is part of the To the Point Series prepared by the Association of Professors of Gynecology and Obstetrics Undergraduate Medical Education Committee. Principles and education in patient safety have been well integrated into academic obstetrics and gynecology practices, although progress in safety profiles has been frustratingly slow. Medical students have not been included in the majority of these ambulatory practice or hospital-based initiatives. Both the Association of American Medical Colleges and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education have recommended incorporating students into safe practices. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education milestone 1 for entering interns includes competencies in patient safety. We present data and initiatives in patient safety, which have been successfully used in undergraduate and graduate medical education. In addition, this article demonstrates how using student feedback to assess sentinel events can enhance safe practice and quality improvement programs. Resources and implementation tools will be discussed to provide a template for incorporation into educational programs and institutions. Medical student involvement in the culture of safety is necessary for the delivery of both high-quality education and high-quality patient care. It is essential to incorporate students into the ongoing development of patient safety curricula in obstetrics and gynecology.
Metabolite exchange within the microbiome produces compounds that influenceDrosophilabehavior
Authors: Fischer Caleb N. , Trautman Eric , Crawford Jason M. , Stabb Eric V. , Broderick Nichole A. , Handelsman Jo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAnimals host multi-species microbial communities (microbiomes) whose properties may result from inter-species interactions; however current understanding of host-microbiome interactions is derived mostly from studies in which is it is difficult to elucidate microbe-microbe interactions. In exploring howDrosophila melanogasteracquires its microbiome, we found that a microbial community influencesDrosophilaolfactory and egg-laying behaviors differently than individual members.Drosophilaprefers aSaccharomyces-Acetobacterco-culture to the same microorganisms grown individually and then mixed, a response mainly due to the conserved olfactory receptor,Or42b.Acetobactermetabolism ofSaccharomyces-derived ethanol was necessary, and acetate and its metabolic derivatives were sufficient, for co-culture preference. Preference correlated with three emergent co-culture properties: ethanol catabolism, a distinct volatile emission profile, and yeast population decline. We describe a molecular mechanism by which a microbial community affects animal behavior. Our results support a model whereby emergent metabolites signalDrosophilato acquire its preferred multispecies microbiome.
DrosophilaMutants that Are Motile but Respond Poorly to All Stimuli Tested: Mutants in RNA Splicing and RNA Helicase, Mutants in The Boss
Authors: Vang Lar L. , Adler Julius 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTAdultDrosophila melanogasterfruit flies were placed into one end of a tube near to repellents (benzaldehyde and heat) and away from the other end containing attractants (light and a favored temperature). They escaped from the repellents and went to the attractants. Five motile mutants that failed to do that were isolated. They did not respond to any external attractants tested or external repellents tested. In addition, they did not respond well to internal sensory stimuli like hunger, thirst, and sleep. The mutants, although motile, failed to respond to stimuli at both 34°C and at room temperature. Some of the mutants have been mapped. The mutants are missing RNA splicing and RNA helicase. In addition, mutants missing information from The Boss are discussed.
Exploring the interplay between leadership styles and PSM in two organisational settings
Authors: Fazzi Gabriella , Zamaro Nereo 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationships of public service motivation (PSM) with leadership style (transformational and transactional) in two different sectors: nonprofit and public research.Design/methodology/approach– The authors have investigated the effects of leadership styles on the level of PSM, assuming that transformational leadership has a positive and higher relation to PSM than transactional one. The analysis is based on data collected in two different investigations: a group of nonprofit volunteers, sitting in the NPs boards of directors, and a group of employees working for a National Research Institute.Findings– Transformational leaders in the nonprofit organisation have higher scores on PSM than transactional leaders. For the employees of the research institution a charismatic leadership is not necessary, and even demotivating; autonomy is a central factor for researcher, and the intervention of the leader seems to be playing a motivation role only in moments of impasse.Research limitations/implications– Some more work should be done in refining the measures used in the scales. The perception of the leader attitude as controlling or supportive can be the key to better understand some controversial results: this can be object of further studies.Practical implications– The results offers some preliminary results indicating that, in research institutions, a charismatic leadership should not be considered a generalised management solution. The transformational style reach better results in those research contexts in which research programmes are carried out via team work.Originality/value– Not so much work in this field has been done yet in Italy, even less focusing on leadership in the research institutions.
Bridging the gap
Authors: Choi Seungjin 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to theoretically clarify the relationship between public service motivation and performance by suggesting a framework in which social networks among members provide an explicit mechanism linking employees’ PSM with their performance and by proposing several empirically testable propositions.Design/methodology/approach– The author suggests a theoretical framework based on a literature review and combining insights from several major strands of theory including social capital and social network theories.Findings– Conceptually, the paper shows that, first, the extent of the social relationships among group members and their positions within a network vary depending on the level of PSM; second, individuals with high PSM are more likely to complete their tasks when they are in central positions in a network of advice relations and less likely to complete their tasks when they are in peripheral positions in central positions and a network of advice relations in a network of adversarial relations; third, group members with high PSM are more likely to complete group tasks when the group has higher density in a network of advice relations and less likely to complete tasks in a dense network of adversarial relations.Practical implications– The author demonstrates the possibility of reciprocal relationships between PSM and social networks, in which PSM builds social capital that reinforces each member’s PSM by enhancing relationship quality, which will positively affect performance.Originality/value– This paper provides opportunities for future empirical research by developing the discussion about a new conceptual mechanism in the relationship between PSM and performance, proposing an initial conceptual framework that clarifies the PSM and performance linkage, and suggesting several testable propositions.
Mammalian cell entry (Mce) protein of Leptospira interrogans binds extracellular matrix components, plasminogen and β2 integrin
Authors: Cosate Maria Raquel , Siqueira Gabriela Hase , de Souza Gisele Oliveira , Vasconcellos Silvio Arruda , Nascimento Ana Lucia T. O. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTA severe re‐emergingzoonosis, leptospirosis, is caused by pathogenic spirochetes of the genus Leptospira. Several studies have identified leptospiral surface proteins with the ability to bind ECM and plasma components, which could mediate adhesion and invasion through the hosts. It has been shown that Mce of pathogenic Leptospira spp. is an RGD (Arg‐Gly‐Asp)‐motif‐dependent virulence factor, responsible for infection of cells and animals. In the present article, we decided to further study the repertoire of the Mce activities in leptospiral biological properties. We report that the recombinant Mce is a broad‐spectrum ECM‐binding protein, capable of interacting with laminin, cellular and plasma fibronectin and collagen IV. Dose­–r­esponse interaction was observed for all the components, fulfilling ligand­–receptor requirements. Mce is a PLG binding protein capable to recruit this component from NHS, generating PLA in the presence of PLG activator. Binding of Mce was also observed with the leukocyte cell receptors αLβ2 [(CD11a/CD18)‐LFA‐1] and αMβ2 [(CD11b/CD18)‐Mac‐1], suggesting the involvement of this protein in the host immune response. Indeed, virulent Leptospira L1‐130 was capable of binding both integrins, whereas culture‐attenuated M‐20 strain only bind to αMβ2 [(CD11b/CD18)‐Mac‐1]. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to describe that Mce surface protein could mediate the attachment of Leptospira interrogans to human cell receptors αLβ2(CD11a/CD18) and αMβ2(CD11b/CD18).
Validation of an obstetric fistula screening questionnaire in rural Nepal: a community‐based cross‐sectional and nested case–control study with clinical examination
Authors: Chen CCG , Barry D , Khatry SK , Klasen EM , Singh M , LeClerq SC , Katz J , Tielsch JM , Mullany LC 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo validate a symptom‐based fistula screening questionnaire and estimate obstetric fistula (OF) prevalence in rural Nepal.DesignCross‐sectional and nested case–control study.SettingSarlahi District, Nepal.PopulationParous, reproductive age women.MethodsThe questionnaire assessed symptoms of vesicovaginal and rectovaginal fistula (VVF and RVF, respectively), stress and urge urinary incontinence (SUI and UUI, respectively), fecal incontinence (FI), and included interviewer observations on the smell and presence of urine and/or stool. All women who screened positive for OF and a randomly selected group of women who screened negative for OF were included in a nested case–control study (one case, four normal controls, and four incontinent controls) and underwent confirmatory clinical examinations.Main outcome measuresClinically confirmed OF, and questionnaire sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp).ResultsOf the 16 893 women who completed cross‐sectional screening, 68 were screened‐positive cases. Fifty‐five (82%) screened‐positive cases, 203 screened‐negative normal controls, and 203 screened‐incontinent controls participated in the case–control study, which confirmed one case of VVF and one case of both VVF and RVF without any false‐negative cases. For VVF, the screening tool demonstrated Se 100% (95% CI 34.2–100.0%), Sp 86.9% (95% CI 83.3–89.9%), and estimated VVF prevalence as 12 per 100 000 (95% CI 3–43); for RVF, it demonstrated Se 100% (95% CI 20.7–100.0), Sp 99.8% (95% CI 98.6–100.0), and estimated RVF prevalence as 6 per 100 000 (95% CI 1–34).ConclusionsThe OF screening questionnaire demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in this low‐prevalence setting.Tweetable abstractCommunity‐based obstetric fistula screening tool validation study, Nepal, n = 16 893: High Se, Sp & feasibility.