bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on the Electrochemical Reaction Mechanism of ZnFe2O4 by In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Su Qingmei , Wang Shixin , Yao Libing , Li Haojie , Du Gaohui , Ye Huiqun , Fang Yunzhang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA family of mixed transition–metal oxides (MTMOs) has great potential for applications as anodes for lithium ion batteries (LIBs). However, the reaction mechanism of MTMOs anodes during lithiation/delithiation is remain unclear. Here, the lithiation/delithiation processes of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles are observed dynamically using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Our results suggest that during the first lithiation process the ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles undergo a conversion process and generate a composite structure of 1–3 nm Fe and Zn nanograins within Li2O matrix. During the delithiation process, volume contraction and the conversion of Zn and Fe take place with the disappearance of Li2O, followed by the complete conversion to Fe2O3 and ZnO not the original phase ZnFe2O4. The following cycles are dominated by the full reversible phase conversion between Zn, Fe and ZnO, Fe2O3. The Fe valence evolution during cycles evidenced by electron energy–loss spectroscopy (EELS) techniques also exhibit the reversible conversion between Fe and Fe2O3 after the first lithiation, agreeing well with the in situ TEM results. Such in situ TEM observations provide valuable phenomenological insights into electrochemical reaction of MTMOs, which may help to optimize the composition of anode materials for further improved electrochemical performance.
Persistent neuronal Ube3a expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of Angelman syndrome model mice
Authors: Jones Kelly A. , Han Ji Eun , DeBruyne Jason P. , Philpot Benjamin D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMutations or deletions of the maternal allele of the UBE3A gene cause Angelman syndrome (AS), a severe neurodevelopmental disorder. The paternal UBE3A/Ube3a allele becomes epigenetically silenced in most neurons during postnatal development in humans and mice; hence, loss of the maternal allele largely eliminates neuronal expression of UBE3A protein. However, recent studies suggest that paternal Ube3a may escape silencing in certain neuron populations, allowing for persistent expression of paternal UBE3A protein. Here we extend evidence in AS model mice (Ube3am–/p+) of paternal UBE3A expression within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian pacemaker. Paternal UBE3A-positive cells in the SCN show partial colocalization with the neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) and clock proteins (PER2 and BMAL1), supporting that paternal UBE3A expression in the SCN is often of neuronal origin. Paternal UBE3A also partially colocalizes with a marker of neural progenitors, SOX2, implying that relaxed or incomplete imprinting of paternal Ube3a reflects an overall immature molecular phenotype. Our findings highlight the complexity of Ube3a imprinting in the brain and illuminate a subpopulation of SCN neurons as a focal point for future studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms of Ube3a imprinting.
A fast and low-cost genotyping method for hepatitis B virus based on pattern recognition in point-of-care settings
Authors: Qiu Xianbo , Song Liuwei , Yang Shuo , Guo Meng , Yuan Quan , Ge Shengxiang , Min Xiaoping , Xia Ningshao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA fast and low-cost method for HBV genotyping especially for genotypes A, B, C and D was developed and tested. A classifier was used to detect and analyze a one-step immunoassay lateral flow strip functionalized with genotype-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on multiple capture lines in the form of pattern recognition for point-of-care (POC) diagnostics. The fluorescent signals from the capture lines and the background of the strip were collected via multiple optical channels in parallel. A digital HBV genotyping model, whose inputs are the fluorescent signals and outputs are a group of genotype-specific digital binary codes (0/1), was developed based on the HBV genotyping strategy. Meanwhile, a companion decoding table was established to cover all possible pairing cases between the states of a group of genotype-specific digital binary codes and the HBV genotyping results. A logical analyzing module was constructed to process the detected signals in parallel without program control and its outputs were used to drive a set of LED indicators, which determine the HBV genotype. Comparing to the nucleic acid analysis to HBV viruses, much faster HBV genotyping with significantly lower cost can be obtained with the developed method.
How the toughness in metallic glasses depends on topological and chemical heterogeneity
Authors: An Qi , Samwer Konrad , Demetriou Marios D. , Floyd Michael C. , Duggins Danielle O. , Johnson William L. , Goddard William A. 
Published: June 2016

Significance
This article reports and explains how the cavitation in metallic glasses is controlled by topological structure as well as chemical heterogeneity. It is shown that in the tough metal–metalloid Pd-Si metallic glass, cavitation initiation is controlled by both chemical separation and particular types of low coordination number (LCN) Pd-centered polyhedra. In contrast, cavitation in the brittle metal-metal Cu-Zr metallic glass is only governed by topological factors. A high-energy barrier to form LCN polyhedra and the process of chemical separation during cavitation initiation are believed to contribute to a higher metallic glass toughness, thereby allowing a larger plastic strain to fracture.
Structure of human Niemann–Pick C1 protein
Authors: Li Xiaochun , Wang Jiawei , Coutavas Elias , Shi Hang , Hao Qi , Blobel Günter 
Published: June 2016

SignificanceNiemann–Pick C1 protein (NPC1) is a late-endosomal membrane protein required for transport of LDL-derived cholesterol into cells and Ebola virus entry; mutations cause Niemann–Pick type C disease. NPC1 contains a “sterol-sensing domain” (SSD) that also appears in several key regulatory proteins of cholesterol biosynthesis, uptake, and signaling. We present here the crystal structure of a large portion of human NPC1, which reveals the architecture of the SSD, including a cavity that is accessible both vertically to the endosome lumen and laterally to the “luminal” leaflet of the lipid bilayer. We propose that NPC1’s SSD functions in a pocket-relay system for cholesterol transport, the activity of which is regulated by the cholesterol concentration of the adjacent lipid bilayer.
From endurance to power athletes: The changing shape of successful male professional tennis players
Authors: Gale‐Watts Adam S. , Nevill Alan M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to identify whether the relative shape and size characteristics of elite male tennis players have changed over time, and in addition whether any anthropometric parameters characterise the more successful players in Grand Slam tournaments. The height and body mass of the players qualifying for the first round in all four Grand Slam tennis tournaments during the period 1982–2011 was obtained, and successful players defined arbitrarily as those reaching round 3 or beyond. Body mass index (BMI) and the reciprocal ponderal index (RPI) were used as our measures of body shape. Multilevel modelling was used to explore the trend over time using non‐linear polynomials. The results suggest that the body shape of elite tennis players has changed over time, with a non‐linear (cubic polynomial regression model) increase in BMI and a similar non‐linear decline in the RPI. BMI, reflecting greater muscle mass rather than greater adiposity, has emerged as an important factor associated with success, identified by a significantly positive (steeper) “successful player”‐by‐“year” interaction term. The evidence that the RPI of elite tennis players has also decreased over time, together with a significantly negative “successful player”‐by‐“year” interaction term, suggests that a more linear (ectomorphic) body shape is a less important factor in terms of success. These results suggest that elite male tennis players are becoming more power trained athletes as opposed to endurance athletes, with greater muscle mass being an important factor associated with success in all Grand Slam tournaments.
Bilateral comparison of 1 V and 10 V standards between the DEFNAT (Tunisia) and the BIPM February to March 2016 (part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.a and b)
Authors: Solve S , Chayramy R , Salah B Ben , Mallat A , Abene L , Stock M 
Published: June 2016

As part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.a and b, a comparison of the 1 V and 10 V voltage reference standards of the BIPM and the Laboratoire de Métrologie Electrique, DEFNAT (Tunisia), was carried out from February to March 2016. Two BIPM Zener diode-based travelling standards (Fluke 732B), BIPM_C (ZC) and BIPM_6 (Z6), were transported by freight to DEFNAT and back to BIPM. In order to keep the Zeners powered during their transportation phase, a BIPM in-house voltage stabiliser was connected in parallel to the internal battery. The voltage stabiliser consists of a set of two batteries, electrically protected from surcharge-discharge, easy to recharge and is designed to power two transfer standards for 10 consecutive days. At DEFNAT, the reference standard for DC voltage is a Josephson Voltage Standard. The output EMF (Electromotive Force) of each travelling standard was measured by direct comparison with the primary standard.
At the BIPM, the travelling standards were calibrated, before and after the measurements at DEFNAT, with the Josephson Voltage Standard. Results of all measurements were corrected for the dependence of the output voltages of the Zener standards on internal temperature and ambient atmospheric pressure.
The final result of the comparison is presented as the difference between the values assigned to DC voltage standards by DEFNAT, at the level of 1.018 V and 10 V, at DEFNAT, U
DEFNAT, and those assigned by the BIPM, at the BIPM, U
BIPM, at the reference date of the 26th of February 2016.

U
DEFNAT - U
BIPM = + 0.07 μV;	u
c = 0.04 μV, at 1.018 V

U
DEFNAT - U
BIPM = + 0.38 μV;	u
c = 0.10 μV, at 10 V
where u
c is the combined standard uncertainty associated with the measured difference, including the uncertainty of the representation of the volt at the BIPM and at NSAI-NML, based on KJ-90, and the uncertainty related to the comparison.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Bilateral comparison of 10 V standards between the NSAI - NML (Ireland) and the BIPM, February 2016 (part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.b)
Authors: Solve S , Chayramy R , Power O , Stock M 
Published: June 2016

As part of the ongoing BIPM key comparison BIPM.EM-K11.b, a comparison of the 10 V voltage reference standards of the BIPM and the National Standards Authority of Ireland - National Metrology Laboratory (NSAI - NML), Dublin, Ireland, was carried out in January and February 2016. Two BIPM Zener diode-based travelling standards (Fluke 732B), BIPM_7 (Z7) and BIPM_9 (Z9), were transported by freight to NSAI-NML. At NSAI-NML, the reference standard for DC voltage at the 10 V level consists of a group of characterized Zener diode-based electronic voltage standards. The output EMF (Electromotive Force) of each travelling standard was measured by direct comparison with the group standard.
At the BIPM the travelling standards were calibrated, before and after the measurements at NSAI-NML, with the Josephson Voltage Standard. Results of all measurements were corrected for the dependence of the output voltages of the Zener standards on internal temperature and ambient atmospheric pressure.
The final result of the comparison is presented as the difference between the values assigned to DC voltage standards by NSAI - NML, at the level of 10 V, at NSAI - NML, U
NML, and those assigned by the BIPM, at the BIPM, U
BIPM, at the reference date of the 31 of January 2016.

U
NML - U
BIPM = + 0.22 μV;	u
c = 1.35 μV , at 10 V
where u
c is the combined standard uncertainty associated with the measured difference, including the uncertainty of the representation of the volt at the BIPM and at NSAI-NML, based on KJ-90, and the uncertainty related to the comparison.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Final report on the supplementary comparison, EURAMET.M.P-S7 (EURAMET project 1040) in the pressure range from 1·10−4 Pa to 0.9 Pa
Authors: Wüthrich C , Alisic S , Bergoglio M , Saxholm S , Lefkopoulos A , Pražák D , Setina J 
Published: June 2016

Many laboratories within EURAMET started a calibration service in medium and high vacuum recently and did not have the opportunity to take part to a comparison before.
In order to assess the uncertainty budget and the quality of the measurement of these laboratories, an intercomparison, EURAMET 1040 registered as EURAMET.M.P-S7, from 0.1 mPa to 0.9 Pa has been organised. The participants are the CMI (Czech republic), EIM (Greece), IMT (Slovenia), INRIM (Italy), IMBIH (Bosnia Herzegovinia) and MIKES (Finland) while METAS (Switzerland) is pilot laboratory. Three laboratories (INRIM, CMI and METAS) involved in this work have a primary definition of the pressure.
Two spinning rotor gauges and a control electronic are used as transfer standard. The circulation of the transfer standard is organised as a succession of loops with a measurement by the pilot between each participant.
A reference value has been determined based on a weighted mean of the results of the primary laboratories. All the participants have demonstrated their equivalence in the definition of the pressure.
This comparison has been used as pilot comparison for the CCM.P-K14 project which covers the same scope with similar transfer standards.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Delayed Hypoxemia Following Traumatic Brain Injury Exacerbates White Matter Injury
Authors: Parikh Umang , Williams Melissa , Jacobs Addison , Pineda Jose A. , Brody David L. , Friess Stuart H. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Hypoxemia immediately following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been observed to exacerbate injury. However, it remains unclear whether delayed hypoxemia beyond the immediate postinjury period influences white matter injury. In a retrospective clinical cohort of children aged 4–16 years admitted with severe TBI, 28/74 (35%) patients were found to experience delayed normocarbic hypoxemia within 7 days of admission. Based on these clinical findings, we developed a clinically relevant mouse model of TBI with delayed hypoxemia by exposing 5-week old (adolescent) mice to hypoxic conditions for 30 minutes starting 24 hours after moderate controlled cortical impact (CCI). Injured mice with hypoxemia had increased axonal injury using both β-amyloid precursor protein and NF200 immunostaining in peri-contusional white matter compared with CCI alone. Furthermore, we detected increased peri-contusional white matter tissue hypoxia with pimonidazole and augmented astrogliosis with anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein staining in CCI + delayed hypoxemia compared with CCI alone or sham surgery + delayed hypoxemia. Microglial activation as evidenced by Iba1 staining was not significantly altered by delayed hypoxemia. These clinical and experimental data indicate the prevention or amelioration of delayed hypoxemia effects following TBI may provide a unique opportunity for the development of therapeutic interventions to reduce axonal injury and improve clinical outcomes.
Risk Assessment of Drug–Drug Interactions of Calcineurin Inhibitors Affecting Sirolimus Pharmacokinetics in Renal Transplant Patients
Authors: Emoto Chie , Vinks Alexander A. , Fukuda Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Sirolimus is a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor that is being used to prevent organ rejection in kidney transplant patients often in combination with calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs; cyclosporine and tacrolimus). All 3 drugs are metabolized primarily by CYP3As. Clinical drug–drug interaction (DDI) studies of cyclosporine on sirolimus pharmacokinetics have been reported; however, there are a few clinical DDI data related to tacrolimus.

Methods:
In vitro inhibition assay with sirolimus were conducted using recombinant CYP3As and human microsomes in the presence and absence of CNIs. Sirolimus concentrations were determined by validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) assay. The DDI risk in terms of increase in sirolimus area under the curve (AUC) was evaluated by a mechanistic model using in vitro inhibition data and published pharmacokinetic parameters of CNIs.

Results:
Both CNIs showed similar inhibitory effects on sirolimus metabolism in human liver and intestinal microsomes. Cyclosporine predominantly inhibited CYP3A4 (half maximal inhibitory concentration = 0.71 µM) rather than CYP3A5 (>5 µM), whereas tacrolimus showed similar inhibition for CYP3A4 (0.29 µM) and CYP3A5 (0.41 µM). The predicted increase in AUC of sirolimus during the coadministration of cyclosporine was 3.9-fold, which was comparable to the observed clinical data (3.3-fold) in healthy volunteers. Sirolimus AUC was estimated to a 2.8- to 3.2-fold increase during the coadministration of tacrolimus, based on the reported C
max values and doses of tacrolimus in kidney transplant patients. In addition, exploratory sensitivity analysis indicated that the predicted increase in sirolimus AUC was sensitive to the free fraction of cyclosporine but not to the free fraction of tacrolimus.

Conclusions:
This study suggests that tacrolimus has a lower clinical DDI risk potential affecting sirolimus pharmacokinetics compared with cyclosporine in kidney transplant patients.
The Digital Divide and Patient Portals
Authors: Graetz Ilana , Gordon Nancy , Fung Vick , Hamity Courtnee , Reed Mary E. 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Online access to health records and the ability to exchange secure messages with physicians can improve patient engagement and outcomes; however, the digital divide could limit access to web-based portals among disadvantaged groups.

Objectives:
To understand whether sociodemographic differences in patient portal use for secure messaging can be explained by differences in internet access and care preferences.

Research Design:
Cross-sectional survey to examine the association between patient sociodemographic characteristics and internet access and care preferences; then, the association between sociodemographic characteristics and secure message use with and without adjusting for internet access and care preference.

Subjects:
One thousand forty-one patients with chronic conditions in a large integrated health care delivery system (76% response rate).

Measures:
Internet access, portal use for secure messaging, preference for in-person or online care, and sociodemographic and health characteristics.

Results:
Internet access and preference mediated some of the differences in secure message use by age, race, and income. For example, using own computer to access the internet explained 52% of the association between race and secure message use and 60% of the association between income and use (Sobel-Goodman mediation test, P<0.001 for both). Education and sex-related differences in portal use remained statistically significant when controlling for internet access and preference.

Conclusions:
As the availability and use of patient portals increase, it is important to understand which patients have limited access and the barriers they may face. Improving internet access and making portals available across multiple platforms, including mobile, may reduce some disparities in secure message use.
Discrimination and Delayed Health Care Among Transgender Women and Men
Authors: Jaffee Kim D. , Shires Deirdre A. , Stroumsa Daphna 
Published: June 2016

Background:
The transgender community experiences health care discrimination and approximately 1 in 4 transgender people were denied equal treatment in health care settings. Discrimination is one of the many factors significantly associated with health care utilization and delayed care.

Objectives:
We assessed factors associated with delayed medical care due to discrimination among transgender patients, and evaluated the relationship between perceived provider knowledge and delayed care using Anderson’s behavioral model of health services utilization.

Research Design:
Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to test whether predisposing, enabling, and health system factors were associated with delaying needed care for transgender women and transgender men.

Subjects:
A sample of 3486 transgender participants who took part in the National Transgender Discrimination Survey in 2008 and 2009.

Measures:
Predisposing, enabling, and health system environment factors, and delayed needed health care.

Results:
Overall, 30.8% of transgender participants delayed or did not seek needed health care due to discrimination. Respondents who had to teach health care providers about transgender people were 4 times more likely to delay needed health care due to discrimination.

Conclusions:
Transgender patients who need to teach their providers about transgender people are significantly more likely to postpone or not seek needed care. Systemic changes in provider education and training, along with health care system adaptations to ensure appropriate, safe, and respectful care, are necessary to close the knowledge and treatment gaps and prevent delayed care with its ensuing long-term health implications.
Engaging Nursing Staff in Research
Authors: Gettrust Lynn , Hagle Mary , Boaz Lesley , Bull Margaret 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to describe the processes of exploring and implementing an academic-clinical study, engaging nursing staff in research, and maintaining their enthusiasm within the context of an academic-clinical research partnership.

Description:
The core competencies of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) role address evidence-based practice, quality improvement, and research. Studies and exemplars of the CNS role in the literature illustrate expert practitioner and facilitator of evidence-based practice, but less attention is given to methods used by the CNS to engage staff in clinical research.

Outcome:
The CNS was successful in obtaining staff engagement in the research project from exploration through sustainment.

Conclusion:
Collaborative research between academic and clinical partners enhances the educational and professional environment for students and clinicians, promotes evidence-based practice, and from this project may promote Veteran and family-centered care. The CNS played a key role in engaging and sustaining staff commitment, which contributed to the success of this study.