bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Painting Ethics: Death, Love, and Moral Vision in theMahāparinibbāna
Authors: Ruth Hansen Anne 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis essay draws on Kenneth George's ethnographic study of the Indonesian painter Abdul Djalil Pirous and his art, as well as Pirous's own characterizations of his paintings as “spiritual notes,” to theorize and examine how paintings serve as ethical media. The essay offers a provisional definition of and methodology for “visual ethics” and considers how pictures and language (such as scriptural texts) can function quite differently as sites for ethical reflection. The particular painting analyzed here is a large temple mural of the death of the Buddha (mahāparinibbāna) located at Wat Unnalom, a prominent Buddhist monastery in Phnom Penh, painted in the 1980s by Cambodian artist Sum Pon. After discussing the lifeworld of Pon'sMahāparinibbānaand varied Khmer Buddhist interpretations of the painting, I suggest that the painting's rendering of “moral vision” helps us understand Buddhist ways of seeing more generally. I conclude by returning to George's question about how our understanding of ethics would change if we took pictures as the “fulcrum of moral relationships,” arguing that pictures can embody certain kinds of tensions or paradoxes that are difficult to explain and grasp discursively, such as paradoxes that arise from the inevitability and yet inexplicability of death as well as the tensions between Buddhist aims of cultivating “boundless” love and the particularities of our own individual experiences of love.
Something New Under the Sun
Authors: Farley Margaret A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis brief response aims to contextualize and reflect further on James Gustafson's new essay regarding “participation” in relation to God, nature, and human beings. In it I attempt to address Gustafson's innovative method and the difference it makes for interpreting some of his previous work. For the first time Gustafson's direct mode of access to the meaning and implications of human participation is through his own experience. I argue that he breaks new ground with what might be called descriptive experiential analysis, moving forward yet harking back to longtime central themes regarding knowledge of God, moral discernment, theocentrism and anthropocentrism, relationalism and unity.
THE DAY AFTER THE DISASTER: FORCED MIGRATION AND INCOME LOSS AFTER HURRICANES KATRINA AND RITA
Authors: Do Yun Seong , Waldorf Brigitte S. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTA model of post‐disaster migration responses and income consequences poses that damage severity and individual resilience affect moving decisions. Forced moves are linked to little resilience relative to damage incurred and post‐move income reductions. The empirical analysis analyzes households affected by hurricanes Katrina and Rita. Using American Community Survey data, unobserved heterogeneous income damages are framed as treatment, with the moving decision being the treatment decision. An endogenous switching regression addresses self‐selection issues. The results suggest that movers encountered double victimization: (1) they were forced to move and their income declined; (2) low‐income households were more severely affected than the average.
THE IMPACT OF RELATIVE DEPRIVATION ON RETURN INTENTIONS AMONG POTENTIAL MIGRANTS AND COMMUTERS
Authors: Huber Peter , Nowotny Klaus 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTWe empirically analyze the impact of relative deprivation on the intended duration of stay of potential cross‐border commuters and migrants. A theoretical model lends support to the hypothesis that deprivation affects the intended duration of stay of migrants in a U‐shaped fashion, but does not affect potential commuters. Empirical evidence from one of the most densely populated border regions of the EU confirms both these hypotheses. These results are robust over different estimation methods and apply both when measuring deprivation relative to friends and acquaintances as well as relative to the population residing in a region.
Cross‐Cultural Comparison of Consumer Acceptability of Kimchi with Different Degree of Fermentation
Authors: Jang Seong‐Ho , Kim Min‐Ji , Lim Juyun , Hong Jae‐Hee 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStrong flavor developed during fermentation can affect foreign consumer's liking of kimchi (fermented vegetables with seasonings). This study was conducted to compare the cross‐cultural preference of American versus Korean consumers for kimchi fermented to different degrees. Kimchi samples fermented to different degrees (pH 5.9, LFK; pH 4.2, MFK; and pH 3.9, HFK) were presented to American (n = 111) and Korean consumers (n = 101). The degree of liking and attribute intensities were assessed using the 9‐point hedonic scale and Just‐about‐Right scale. Consumer demographics and kimchi consumption habits were also collected. American consumers significantly preferred MFK and HFK to LFK, whereas Korean consumers did not show any significant preference among the samples. American consumers reported that the sourness and spiciness of LFK were not intense enough. The frequency of kimchi consumption by American consumers was positively associated with their preference for more fermented kimchi, while the level of fermentation of the daily consumed kimchi was well associated with Korean consumers’ preference for kimchi.Practical ApplicationsIt is challenging for food industries to launch fermented ethnic food products, such as fermented soy products and vegetables, in foreign markets because acceptability for products with different degree of fermentation may differ across culture and also based on previous experience. The present study investigated how foreign consumers accept one such food, kimchi, at different fermentation levels, particularly in relation to their previous experiences. Results of the present study can help researchers and marketers to establish more effective strategies for developing ethnic foods targeting foreign markets by providing the optimal level of fermentation accepted by foreign consumers and consumer profile. In addition, our findings on the relationship between previous exposures and liking aid in understanding potential mechanisms underlying acquisition of liking for ethnic food by foreign consumers.
A review on ethnobotany, pharmacology and phytochemistry of Tabernaemontana corymbosa
Authors: Abubakar Ibrahim Babangida , Loh Hwei-San 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Tabernaemontana is a genus from the plant family, Apocynaceae with vast medicinal application and widespread distribution in the tropics and subtropics of Africa, Americas and Asia. The objective of this study is to critically evaluate the ethnobotany, medicinal uses, pharmacology and phytochemistry of the species, Tabernaemontana corymbosa (Roxb. ex Wall.) and provide information on the potential future application of alkaloids isolated from different parts of the plant.

Key findings
T. corymbosa (Roxb. ex Wall.) parts are used as poultice, boiled juice, decoctions and infusions for treatment against ulceration, fracture, post-natal recovery, syphilis, fever, tumours and orchitis in Malaysia, China, Thailand and Bangladesh. Studies recorded alkaloids as the predominant phytochemicals in addition to phenols, saponins and sterols with vast bioactivities such as antimicrobial, analgesic, anthelmintic, vasorelaxation, antiviral and cytotoxicity.

Summary
An evaluation of scientific data and traditional medicine revealed the medicinal uses of different parts of T. corymbosa (Roxb. ex Wall.) across Asia. Future studies exploring the structure-bioactivity relationship of alkaloids such as jerantinine and vincamajicine among others could potentially improve the future application towards reversing anticancer drug resistance.
Evaluation of the potential synergism of imatinib-related poly kinase inhibitors using growth factor stimulated proteoglycan synthesis as a model response
Authors: Bernard Rebekah , Getachew Robel , Kamato Danielle , Thach Lyna , Osman Narin , Chan Vincent , Zheng Wenhua , Little Peter J 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Introduction
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors were the first class of smart drugs being specifically designed to inhibit a disease causing target. There is a very important but unresolved question as whether or not the overall therapeutic role of an individual tinib results from an action at its primary target, a single most likely, tyrosine kinase, or from the combined or aggregate action at the multiple targets which each tinib addresses.

Methods
We selected a series of ten tinibs (gefitinib, sunitinib, lapatinib, erlotinib, imatinib, sorafenib, axitinib, vanitinib, bosutinib, dasatinib) with various known targets and investigated their activities in the inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis and GAG hyperelongation stimulated by a tyrosine kinase receptor agonist, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and for contrast, a serine/threonine kinase receptor agonist, TGF β and some downstream signalling pathways.

Results
The inhibitory activity varied from little to total inhibition. The actions of the tinibs were directed more towards inhibition of the tyrosine kinase, PDGF receptor signalling pathway compared to the TGF β.

Conclusion
There was no suggestion of any synergistic effect arising from inhibition of multiple kinases as the most potent compound, dasatinib, is known to inhibit the broadest spectrum of kinases.
Melatonin mediates the stabilization of DELLA proteins to repress the floral transition in Arabidopsis
Authors: Shi Haitao , Wei Yunxie , Wang Qiannan , Reiter Russel J. , He Chaozu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPrecise floral transition from vegetative growth phase to reproductive growth phase is very important in plant life cycle. In flowering genetic pathways, DELLA proteins are master transcriptional regulators of gibberelic acid (GA) pathway, and FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) is a core repressor of vernalization pathway as well as downstream of DELLAs. As a crucial messenger in plants, the possible involvement of melatonin (N‐acetyl‐5‐methoxytryptamine) in flowering and underlying molecular mechanism are unknown in Arabidopsis. In this study, we found that exogenous melatonin treatment delayed floral transition in Arabidopsis. Exogenous melatonin treatment conferred protein stabilizations of DELLAs [REPRESSOR of ga1‐3 (RGA) and RGA‐LIKE3 (RGL3)], without regulating the transcripts of DELLAs and endogenous GA level. Notably, exogenous melatonin delayed plant flowering and DELLA‐activated transcripts of FLC were alleviated in della mutants, and those were exacerbated in DELLA overexpressing plants. Taken together, this study provides direct link between melatonin and floral transition, and indicates the novel involvement of DELLAs‐activated FLC in melatonin‐mediated flowering in Arabidopsis.
What is Behaviour? And (when) is Language Behaviour? A Metatheoretical Definition
Authors: Uher Jana 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBehaviour is central to many fields, but metatheoretical definitions specifying the most basic assumptions about what is considered behaviour and what is not are largely lacking. This transdisciplinary research explores the challenges in defining behaviour, highlighting anthropocentric biases and a frequent lack of differentiation from physiological and psychical phenomena. To meet these challenges, the article elaborates a metatheoretical definition of behaviour that is applicable across disciplines and that allows behaviours to be differentiated from other kinds of phenomena. This definition is used to explore the phenomena of language and to scrutinise whether and under what conditions language can be considered behaviour and why. The metatheoretical concept of two different levels of meaning conveyed in human language is introduced, highlighting that language inherently relies on behaviours and that the content of what‐is‐being‐said, in and of itself, can constitute (interpersonal) behaviour under particular conditions. The analyses reveal the ways in which language meaningfully extends human's behavioural possibilities, pushing them far beyond anything enabled by non‐language behaviours. These novel metatheoretical concepts can complement and expand on existing theories about behaviour and language and contribute a novel piece of theoretical explanation regarding the crucial role that language has played in human evolution.
Effects of Different Types of Corrective Feedback on Receptive Skills in a Second Language: A Speech Perception Training Study
Authors: Lee Andrew H. , Lyster Roy 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of different types of corrective feedback (CF) provided during second language (L2) speech perception training. One hundred Korean learners of L2 English, randomly assigned to five groups (n = 20 per group), participated in eight computer‐assisted perception training sessions targeting two minimal pairs of English vowels. Four treatment groups each received a different type of CF; three groups received one of three types of auditory CF and a fourth group received a visual type of CF; the control group did not receive CF. Results of pretests, immediate posttests, and delayed posttests showed that, in comparison to the control group, the groups that received auditory CF improved significantly in trained over untrained words, whereas the group that received visual CF fared less well. These results are discussed in terms of the benefits of auditory CF types, especially CF combining target and nontarget forms.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded an Open Materials badge. All materials are publicly accessible in the IRIS digital repository at http://www.iris‐database.org. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
PbsP, a cell wall‐anchored protein that binds plasminogen to promote hematogenous dissemination of group B Streptococcus
Authors: Buscetta Marco , Firon Arnaud , Pietrocola Giampiero , Biondo Carmelo , Mancuso Giuseppe , Midiri Angelina , Romeo Letizia , Galbo Roberta , Venza Mario , Venza Isabella , Kaminski Pierre‐Alexandre , Gominet Myriam , Teti Giuseppe , Speziale Pietro , Trieu‐Cuot Patrick , Beninati Concetta 
Published: February 2016

SummaryStreptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus or GBS) is a leading cause of invasive infections in neonates whose virulence is dependent on its ability to interact with cells and host components. We here characterized a surface protein with a critical function in GBS pathophysiology. This adhesin, designated PbsP, possesses two Streptococcal Surface Repeat domains, a methionine and lysine‐rich region, and a LPXTG cell wall‐anchoring motif. PbsP mediates plasminogen (Plg) binding both in vitro and in vivo and we showed that cell surface‐bound Plg can be activated into plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator to increase the bacterial extracellular proteolytic activity. Absence of PbsP results in a decreased bacterial transmigration across brain endothelial cells and impaired virulence in a murine model of infection. PbsP is conserved among the main GBS lineages and is a major plasminogen adhesin in non‐CC17 GBS strains. Importantly, immunization of mice with recombinant PbsP confers protective immunity. Our results indicate that GBS have evolved different strategies to recruit Plg which indicates that the ability to acquire cell surface proteolytic activity is essential for the invasiveness of this bacterium.
Nationalism, religion, and abortion policy in four Catholic societies
Authors: Kozlowska Iga , Béland Daniel , Lecours André 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOver the last decade, a growing number of scholars have tackled the changing relationship between national identity and social policy. In this article, we explore the relationship between abortion policy and the historical and political construction of national identity as it relates to religious norms and symbols. Focusing on two main cases, Ireland and Poland, Catholic societies in which abortion rights are severely restricted, we argue that, in political discourse and institutions, a strong relationship between the Catholic Church and national identity helps opponents of abortion enact and maintain such restrictions in the name of religious norms embedded in strong claims about national identity. After exploring these two main cases, we briefly turn to Spain and Québec, Catholic societies that, in recent decades, have witnessed a secularisation of their national identity correlated to a liberalisation of abortion rights. This suggests that, at least in Catholic societies, the decline of a religious national identity is likely to favour a liberalisation of abortion rights.
School personnel's self‐efficacy in managing food allergy and anaphylaxis
Authors: Polloni Laura , Baldi Ileana , Lazzarotto Francesca , Bonaguro Roberta , Toniolo Alice , Celegato Nicolò , Gregori Dario , Muraro Antonella 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundFood allergy affects up to 4–7% European schoolchildren. Studies identified important shortcomings on food allergy and anaphylaxis management in schools. In social cognitive theory, personal beliefs in own capabilities influence choices, effort levels, perseverance and performance accomplishments. This study aimed to investigate school personnel's self‐efficacy in managing food allergy and anaphylaxis, providing a valid instrument to deeply understand how to support schools to effectively manage students at risk of food reactions.MethodsA total of 440 schoolteachers and caretakers from north‐east Italy completed a questionnaire assessing self‐efficacy in managing food allergy and anaphylaxis at school. Exploratory factor analysis was performed. Factors' internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha. Factors' scores were estimated using Bartlett approach, and kernel density estimate of distributions was provided. Descriptive statistics explored school personnel's self‐efficacy. A regression model assessed the influence of gender, school, job and previous experience.ResultsTwo factors emerged from exploratory factor analysis related to anaphylaxis management (AM) and food allergy management (FAM). The two subscales both showed good internal consistency. School personnel showed lower self‐efficacy in recognizing symptoms, administering drugs and guaranteeing full participation to extra‐curricular activities to food‐allergic students. Participants who previously had food‐allergic students showed a significantly increased self‐efficacy in AM and a significantly decreased self‐efficacy in FAM.ConclusionsThe study supports the use of self‐efficacy scale to identify specific areas where teachers' confidence in their ability to care for food‐allergic students is especially weak. This would empower the development of training programs specifically tailored to the needs of teachers and caregivers.
Randomized controlled trial on preemptive analgesia for acute postoperative pain management in children
Authors: Song In‐Kyung , Park Yong‐Hee , Lee Ji‐Hyun , Kim Jin‐Tae , Choi In Ho , Kim Hee‐Soo 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackgroundPreemptive analgesia is an anti‐nociceptive treatment that starts before surgery and prevents the establishment of central sensitization. Whether preemptive analgesia is more effective than conventional regimens for managing postoperative pain remains controversial. This study evaluated the efficacy of intravenous preemptive analgesia for acute postoperative pain control in pediatric patients.MethodsIn this prospective randomized controlled trial, 51 children aged 3–7 years, scheduled for corrective osteotomy were randomized into control (group C) or preemptive (group P) group. Both groups received standardized general anesthesia, including intravenous patient‐controlled analgesia (IV‐PCA) with fentanyl, which was started before skin incision in group P or 5 min thereafter in group C. IV‐PCA data, pain scores using verbal rating scale (VRS) and Wong‐Baker FACES® pain rating scale (WBFS), emergence agitation score (EAS) using the Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) scale, analgesic requirements, and complications were recorded.ResultsThe primary outcome, pain score at postoperative 1 h, showed no difference between the groups. Both groups did not demonstrate emergence agitation (PAED cutoff value ≥12), although the EAS at admission to the postanesthetic care unit (PACU) was lower in group P than in group C (P = 0.002; mean difference 4.85, 95% CI 1.97–7.73). There were no differences in the delivered volume of IV‐PCA, frequency of pushing the IV‐PCA button, effective push attempts, VRS, WBFS, EAS at discharge from the PACU, additional analgesic requirements, and complications.ConclusionPreemptive analgesia using IV‐PCA with fentanyl showed no significant advantages for postoperative analgesia after corrective osteotomy in pediatric patients.
Serum myeloid‐related protein 8/14 in minimal change‐ and glomerulonephritis‐related nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Ohara Shinichiro , Kawasaki Yukihiko , Maeda Ryo , Kanno Syuto , Suzuki Yuichi , Suyama Kazuhide , Hosoya Mitsuaki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundMyeloid‐related protein 8/14 (MRP8/14) forms stable heterodimers and is the major calcium‐binding protein secreted by activated granulocytes and monocytes. We evaluated whether serum MRP8/14 level is a useful indicator for a differential diagnosis of glomerulonephritis (GN)‐ and minimal change disease (MC)‐ related nephrotic syndrome (NS).MethodsSerum MRP8/14 complex was evaluated in 37 NS patients with MC or GN. These patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 13 NS patients with MC, and group 2 consisted of 24 NS patients with GN. Group 2 was further divided into four subgroups: IgA nephropathy (IgAN; n = 5), Henoch–Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN; n = 6), focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS; n = 12), and acute GN Poststreptococcal acute glomeruloNephritis (PSAGN; n = 1).ResultsThe clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, serum MRP8/14 level, and renal accumulation of MRP8 were investigated for each group. No significant inter‐group differences were observed for serum total protein, serum albumin, or blood urea nitrogen and urinary protein excretions. Mean serum MRP8/14 in the IgAN, HSPN, FSGS, and PSAGN groups was higher than in group 1. Further, the mean glomerular and interstitial MRP8 staining scores in the IgAN, HSPN, and PSAGN groups were higher than in group 1.ConclusionsSerum MRP8/14 level may be a useful indicator for differential diagnosis between GN‐ and MC‐ related NS.
The Lack of Lutein Accelerates the Extent of Light‐induced Bleaching of Photosynthetic Pigments in Thylakoid Membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Dobrev Konstantin , Stanoeva Daniela , Velitchkova Maya , Popova Antoaneta V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe high light‐induced bleaching of photosynthetic pigments and the degradation of proteins of light‐harvesting complexes of PSI and PSII were investigated in isolated thylakoid membranes of Arabidopsis thaliana, wt and lutein‐deficient mutant lut2, with the aim of unraveling the role of lutein for the degree of bleaching and degradation. By the means of absorption spectroscopy and western blot analysis, we show that the lack of lutein leads to a higher extent of pigment photobleaching and protein degradation in mutant thylakoid membranes in comparison with wt. The highest extent of bleaching is suffered by chlorophyll a and carotenoids, while chlorophyll b is bleached in lut2 thylakoids during long periods at high illumination. The high light‐induced degradation of Lhca1, Lhcb2 proteins and PsbS was followed and it is shown that Lhca1 is more damaged than Lhcb2. The degradation of analyzed proteins is more pronounced in lut2 mutant thylakoid membranes. The lack of lutein influences the high light‐induced alterations in organization of pigment–protein complexes as revealed by 77 K fluorescence.