bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two species and two karyotypes? Cytogenetic differentiation betweenPassiflora foetidaL. andP. vesicariaL. (Passifloraceae)
Authors: Zirpoli Bruna , Monteiro da Silva Arthur Roberto , Rodriguez Pablo E. , Leal Viana Bruno , Rodrigues Marciel Jefferson , Pedrosa-Harand Andrea , Sader Mariela A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe genusPassifloraL. (Passifloraceae) is widely distributed, primarily in the Neotropics, and comprises over 500 species divided into four main subgenera. The subgenusPassiflorais the most economically relevant and has a basic chromosome number ofx= 9, withP. foetidaL. being the sole species in the subgenus having a chromosome number ofn= 10. However,P. foetidaexhibits substantial morphological variation among its varieties, and recently, two of these varieties were reclassified asPassiflora vesicariaL. andP. vesicariavar.galapagensis. This study aimed to cytogenetically characterise both species by estimating genome sizes using flow cytometry, mapping heterochromatic regions by CMA/DAPI staining, and identifying 5S and 35S ribosomal DNA sites using fluorescentin situhybridization (FISH). The genome sizes were similar across the three accessions analyzed, varying from 2C = 1.00 ± 0.03 pg forP. vesicariavar.galapagensisto 2C = 1.16 ± 0.01 pg forP. vesicaria, indicating small genomes. All three accessions showed 2n= 20, confirming the count forP. foetidaand revealing the chromosome numbers of the twoP. vesicariaaccessions for the first time. Six CMA+bands were observed inP. foetida, four inP. vesicariavar.galapagensis, and two inP. vesicaria, all co-localised with the 35S rDNA sites. FISH with 5S and 35S rDNA showed six pericentromeric 35S sites of different intensities inP. foetidaand four interstitial 5S sites, with one individual having only two interstitial 5S sites, demonstrating a polymorphism at the intrapopulation level not yet recorded for the genus or the species.Passiflora vesicariaexhibited four 35S sites also pericentromeric, as well as two 5S sites, whileP. vesicariavar.galapagensispresented four pericentromeric 35S sites and two 5S sites. Therefore, despite these species having the same chromosome number (n= 10) and similar genome sizes, there are karyotypic variations in the number of CMA+bands and rDNA sites, allowing their discrimination.
Genetic Risk for High Body Mass Index Before and Amidst the Obesity Epidemic: Cross-Cohort Analysis of Four British Birth Cohort Studies
Authors: Wright Liam , Davies Neil M , Shireby Gemma , Williams Dylan M , Morris Tim T , Bann David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObesity is a highly heritable trait, but rising obesity rates over the past five decades suggest environmental change is also of profound importance. We conducted a cross-cohort analysis to examine how associations between genetic risk for high BMI and observed BMI differed in four British birth cohorts born before and amidst the obesity epidemic (1946, 1958, 1970 and ∼2001, respectively; N = 19,379). BMI (kg/m2) was measured at multiple time points between ages 3 and 69 years. We used polygenic indices (PGI) derived from GWAS of adulthood and childhood BMI, respectively, with mixed effects models used to estimate associations with mean BMI and quantile regression used to assess associations across the distribution of BMI. We further used Genomic Relatedness Restricted Maximum Likelihood (GREML) to calculate SNP-heritability (SNP-h2) at each age. Adulthood BMI PGI was associated with BMI in all cohorts and ages but was more strongly associated with BMI in more recently born generations. For example, at age 16y, a 1 SD increase in the adulthood PGI was associated with 0.43 kg/m2(0.34, 0.51) higher BMI in the 1946c and 0.90 kg/m2(0.83, 0.97) higher BMI in the 2001c. Cross-cohort differences widened with age and were larger at the upper end of the BMI distribution, indicating disproportionate increases in obesity in more recent generations for those with higher PGIs. Differences were also observed when using the childhood PGI, but there were no clear, consistent differences in SNP-h2. Findings highlight how the environment can modify genetic influence; genetic effects on BMI differed by birth cohort, age, and outcome centile.
Investigation of ceftriaxone-resistantNeisseria gonorrhoeaedetected in Scotland, 2018-2024
Authors: McHugh Martin P , Aburajab Kirsty , Maxwell Alexandra , Anderson John , Cairns Fraser , Cotton Seb , Gough Andrew , Malloy Brian , Mathers Katharine , Renwick Lynne , Shepherd Jill , Templeton Kate E 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesDescribe the clinical, phenotypic, and genomic characteristics of ceftriaxone-resistanceNeisseria gonorrhoeaefrom ScotlandMethodsCases were identified in routine care from 2018-2024. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for seven antimicrobial agents. Whole genome sequencing was performed with Illumina and Oxford Nanopore Technology instruments. A phylogeny containing global ceftriaxone-resistant genomes was generated with Parsnp. A collection of ST8780 genomes was also analysed to give further context using reference based mapping with Snippy.ResultsThere were five cases of ceftriaxone-resistantN. gonorrhoeaedetected. One case (MLST ST1903) clustered within the FC428 lineage in a returning traveller from an Asia-Pacific country. Two cases belonged to the recently described extensively drug resistant MLST ST16406, a returning traveller from an Asia-Pacific country and a sexual contact within Scotland. The final two cases were a resident of an Asia-Pacific country and a sexual contact within Scotland, both belonged to MLST ST8780. These were distinct from other publicly available ST8780 genomes suggesting a novel introduction of the mosaicpenA60.001 allele. All cases were initially treated with ceftriaxone-based regimes, four returned for test of cure and showed clearance of infection.ConclusionsAs ceftriaxone resistance is increasingly identified, multiple public health interventions are required to reduce the impact of resistance on gonorrhoea treatment globally.
Measuring health system quality with routine health information systems in Rwanda
Authors: Hategeka Celestin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundGrowing evidence suggests that achieving the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 will require high-quality health systems in low and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to assess whether routine health information systems in Rwanda capture relevant health system quality measurements to facilitate the effective tracking of the Rwandan health system performance.MethodsI systematically reviewed the Rwanda health management information systems (Rwanda HMIS)—one of the six core building blocks of health systems—to identify health system performance indicators corresponding to processes of care quality and quality impact dimensions of high-quality health systems proposed by the Lancet Global Health Commission on High-Quality Health Systems in the SDG Era. Using a cross-sectional study design and descriptive statistics, I summarized available quality indicators by domains of the high-quality health system framework.ResultsOverall, less than 30% of the indicators collected in the Rwanda HMIS are processes of care quality and / or quality impact indicators. Health outcome measures were captured across health center and hospital HMIS reporting forms. However, there were gaps in the measurement of relevant quality impact measures such as confidence in health systems and economic benefit, and processes of care quality measures such as user (patient) experience, safety, continuity, and integration of care. Measurements about competent care and systems care were rarely available outside maternal, newborn, and child health.ConclusionThe current routine health information systems in Rwanda would benefit from capturing additional healthcare quality metrics, including for noncommunicable diseases, to allow the effective tracking of the health system performance and to identify new potential efficiencies to maximize the impact of the Rwandan health system.
Apnea and hypopnea event detection using EEG, EMG, and sleep stage labels in a cohort of patients with suspected sleep apnea
Authors: Zhang Danny H. , Zhou Jeffrey , Wickens Joseph D. , Veale Andrew G. , Hallum Luke E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAutomating the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of sleep apnea (SA) is potentially clinically useful. We present machine-learning models which detect SA and hypopnea events from the overnight electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG), and we explain detection mechanisms. We tested four models using a novel data set comprising six-channel EEG and two-channel EMG recorded from 26 consecutive patients; recordings were expertly labeled with sleep stage and apnea/hypopnea events. For Model 1, EEG subband power and sample entropy were features used to train and test a random forest classifier. Model 2 was identical to Model 1, but we used EMG, not EEG. Model 3 was a simple decision strategy contingent upon sleep stage label. Model 4 was identical to Model 1, but we used EEG subband power, sample entropy, and sleep stage label. All models performed above chance (Matthews correlation coefficient, MCC > 0): Model 4 (leave-one-patient-out cross-validated MCC = 0.314) outperformed Model 3 (0.230) which outperformed Models 2 and 1 (0.147 and 0.154, respectively). Results indicate that sleep stage label alone is sufficient to detect apnea/hypopnea events. Either EMG or EEG subband power and sample entropy can be used to detect apnea/hypopnea events, but these EEG features likely reflect contamination by EMG. Indeed, EMG power was modulated by apnea/hypopnea event beginning and end, and similar modulation appeared in EEG power. Machine-learning approaches to the detection of apnea/hypopnea events using overnight EEG must be explainable; they must account for EMG contamination and sleep stage.
Emergence and disruption of cooperativity in a denitrifying microbial community
Authors: Carr Alex V. , Otwell Anne E. , Hunt Kristopher A. , Chen Yan , Wilson James , Faria José P. , Liu Filipe , Edirisinghe Janaka N. , Valenzuela Jacob J. , Turkarslan Serdar , Lui Lauren M. , Nielsen Torben N. , Arkin Adam P. , Henry Christopher S. , Petzold Christopher J. , Stahl David A. , Baliga Nitin S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic perturbations to the nitrogen cycle, primarily through use of synthetic fertilizers, is driving an unprecedented increase in the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), a potent greenhouse gas and an ozone depleting substance, causing urgency in identifying the sources and sinks of N2O. Microbial denitrification is a primary contributor to biotic production of N2O in anoxic regions of soil, marine systems, and wastewater treatment facilities. Here, through comprehensive genome analysis, we show that pathway partitioning is a ubiquitous mechanism of complete denitrification within microbial communities. We have investigated mechanisms and consequences of process partitioning of denitrification through detailed physiological characterization and kinetic modeling of a synthetic community ofRhodanobacter R12andAcidovorax 3H11. We have discovered that these two bacterial isolates, from a heavily nitrate (NO3−) contaminated superfund site, complete denitrification through the exchange of nitrite (NO2−) and nitric oxide (NO). The process partitioning of denitrification and other processes, including amino acid metabolism, contribute to increased cooperativity within this denitrifying community. We demonstrate that certain contexts, such as high NO3−, cause unbalanced growth of community members, due to differences in their substrate utilization kinetics. The altered growth characteristics of community members drives accumulation of toxic NO2−, which disrupts denitrification causing N2O off gassing.
Asymmetric influence of the amplitude-dependent tune shift on the transverse mode-coupling instability
Authors: Brosi Miriam , Cullinan Francis , Andersson Åke , Breunlin Jonas , Tavares Pedro Fernandes 
Published: October 2024

At the 3 GeV ring of the MAX IV Laboratory, a fourth-generation ring-based synchrotron light source, an asymmetric influence of the sign of the amplitude-dependent tune shift (ADTS) on the transverse mode-coupling instability has been observed. Measurements of the instability, in dedicated single-bunch experiments at low chromaticity, revealed a significant dependence of the dynamics of the instability above threshold on the sign of the ADTS. While for a negative sign of the ADTS, the crossing of the instability does not lead to a loss of beam current, a positive sign results in the loss of 40% or more of the beam current at the threshold. In order to investigate the observed asymmetry, the systematic measurement of beam dynamics above the threshold has been conducted in combination with particle tracking simulations with 2 and theoretical calculations of the Landau damping due to the ADTS. The findings point toward an influence of the Landau damping in combination with the low synchrotron frequency, which indicates that this effect could become relevant in the future low-emittance electron storage rings.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
South Africa’s crowded cannabis market: identifying new market opportunities for Ilco Farming’s “green gold”
Authors: Fourie Alicia , Geyser Judith Mariette 
Published: October 2024

Learning outcomes
Following a discussion of the case, students should be able to analyse competitive dynamics: provide an in-depth critical analysis of Ilco Farming’s microenvironment, using the structure–conduct–performance framework; evaluate strategic positioning: conduct a SWOT analysis of Ilco Farming’s medicinal cannabis business; and develop strategic approaches: propose actionable strategies that would provide effective solutions to the problem of constrained market conditions currently faced by Ilco Farming.

Case overview/synopsis
Coenie and Ilse Venter established Ilco Farming, a cannabis farm located in the Viljoenskroon district in the Free State province in South Africa, in 2021. From the beginning, they poured their hearts and souls into their new venture, which soon paid off. A few short months after Ilco Farming began operating, despite the presence of other large competitors, Ilco Farming supplied a large share of the domestic medicinal market with flower heads. But then an unexpected challenge presented itself. In March 2023, Ilco Farming was operating at only 23% (600 m2) of its production capacity of 2600 m2 and had considerable room for growth, the local market – at least the local legal market – for cannabis began to show signs of saturation. Coenie and Ilsa found themselves at the proverbial crossroads, grappling with the crucial decision of how to secure their farm’s future in the face of a fast-saturating local (legal) cannabis market and a thriving (illegal) black market. Coenie and Ilse refused to entertain the idea of going the black market route, as they were unwilling to risk losing their operating licence. They calculated that the farm would reach breakeven point within the next two years, with profits unlikely during this period. Should they persist with their current strategy of producing high-quality products and delivering a superior service in the hopes of growing their market share? Or should they consider other strategic options? Coenie and Ilse were sitting at their boardroom table having a cup of coffee and looking out of the window at Ilco Farming’s impressive SAHPRA- and GAP-approved warehouse and tunnels. “What should we do?” they both wondered.

Complexity academic level
The case study can be used in postgraduate courses in microeconomics (PGDIP/MBA) and agricultural economics (PGDIP/MBA).

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 5: International business.
Housing situation of older adults in a vulnerable neighborhood in Santiago de Cuba. Differences based on skin color, gender and age
Authors: Cala-Montoya Caridad Anay , Hernández-Despaigne Rodolfo , Vázquez José Juan 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
The Cuban population is going through a process of demographic change and accelerated aging, which, together with a difficult economic situation, places the older adults in a complex economic reality, especially in the most vulnerable communities. This paper aims to analyze the housing situation of the older adults in a vulnerable community in Santiago de Cuba during a period of particular economic difficulty.

Design/methodology/approach
The study analyzes the housing situation of a sample of people over 60 years of age (n = 325) in a vulnerable community in the city of Santiago de Cuba. A structured interview was used for data collection.

Findings
The results show that most of the people over 60 years of age interviewed considered their homes to be in a poor state of repair. A significant part of the homes were built with precarious materials and had cracked walls, leaks, problems with the functioning of the toilet, broken pipes, etc. In addition, most of the houses were poorly equipped, with a large number of them lacking refrigerators, cell phones or computers or other electrical appliances (heater, shower, stove, etc.). Women, people with black skin and people over 75 years of age were in a particularly precarious housing situation.

Social implications
Demographic changes and the expected aging of the population in Cuba mean that meeting the needs of the older adults is expected to become increasingly complex. The design of public policies and administrative management should take into consideration the housing needs of people over 60 years of age in vulnerable communities, with special attention to women, racialized people and older adults.

Originality/value
The research was conducted based on the information provided by a particularly vulnerable group in Cuba (older adults), about which there is limited information available, and the data were collected during a particularly challenging time for the Cuban economy: the post-COVID-19 pandemic period. The challenges of conducting research of this nature in Cuba and the period during which data collection took place form the basis of the originality of this manuscript.
Sustainable leadership: empowering green organizational citizenship behaviour through employee green value in the Indian healthcare sector
Authors: Mandal Vikash , Pal Durba 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Leadership is crucial for promoting employees’ environmental behaviour, essential for implementing sustainability initiatives. Academics and practitioners emphasize the need for integrated top-to-bottom actions to address environmental issues effectively. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate how Environment-Specific Servant Leadership (ESSL), via Employee Green Value (EGV), promotes Green Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (GOCB).

Design/methodology/approach
The present study adopted a quantitative cross-sectional approach. Additionally, a total of 333 data points were collected from employees working in various hospitals in Ranchi, India. The data and hypothesized relationships were analysed using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS 4.0 software.

Findings
The present results indicate that ESSL has a notable direct effect on employees’ GOCB. Moreover, EGV was identified as a partial mediator in the relationship between ESSL and GOCB.

Practical implications
The findings imply that leaders who prioritize sustainability and exhibit environmentally responsible behaviour, along with employees who value and prioritize green initiatives, can create a workplace that value pro-environmental practices. In this workplace employees are also likely to demonstrate green organizational citizenship behaviour, therefore promoting sustainable practices and outcomes.

Originality/value
This study provides valuable insight into the individual psychological mechanisms that drive voluntary participation in environmental protection and conservation efforts. Furthermore, the study also highlighted the relationship between ESSL, EGV and GOCB in terms of their work environment as well as highlighting the potential for organizations to create a more sustainable and socially responsible workplace.
Sustainable internal communication and digital trends amidst an energy crisis: can a middle ground be found in South Africa?
Authors: Sutton Lucinda Bella-May , Le Roux Tanya 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis study aims to explore the impact of current trends like the development of digital communication channels and a greater focus on sustainability, together with external pressures such as a growing electricity crisis on how internal communication is practiced, by using South African internal communication as context.Design/methodology/approachTwo rounds of qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior internal communication practitioners and consultants to provide a robust view of the research problem.FindingsIt was found that external pressures and trends were viewed as more important than incorporating the broader definition of sustainability into the practice of internal communication. It became clear that internal communication must negotiate seemingly opposing demands like moving to digital communication, while facing electricity shortages and balancing economic pressures with stakeholder inclusion in messages. The findings suggest that internal communication cement organisational survival but should embody the environmental and social elements of sustainability.Originality/valueThe study contributes new insights to the importance of internal communication during crisis times, like the energy crisis in this study. Internal communication should embody the wider sustainability discussion during periods when challenging external forces are at work.
Unveiling the drivers of green loan disclosures: a study of financial and governance determinants
Authors: Patel Siddharth , Desai Rajesh , Soni Krunal 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the factors influencing Indian banks’ choice of green loan disclosure practices. The study analyzes the effect of financial and governance variables to understand the sustainable reporting (through green lending) behavior of Indian banks.

Design/methodology/approach
The data on green loan disclosure has been hand-collected from the annual reports using a content analysis approach. Using the data of 26 banks for 12 years (2012–2023), the study uses the panel regression method to control for cross-sectional heterogeneity and generalized methods of the moment to address potential endogeneity issues.

Findings
The empirical results depict that larger banks with sufficient risk capital and a strong corporate governance framework demonstrate greater disclosure of green loans. However, growth opportunities and higher market value impedes the reporting of green lending.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of the study will enhance the extant literature on sustainability disclosure by integrating the financial sector companies in the context of an emerging economy. However, future research may include nonbanking finance companies as well.

Social implications
Banks use societal deposits to invest in productive avenues, and therefore, it is paramount to understand their social and environmental consciousness while evaluating a financing proposal. This research provides a thorough understanding of the sustainable reporting of banks through the lens of green lending.

Originality/value
This research provides unique evidence on the bank-specific determinants of green loan disclosure in an emerging economy context as against the extant literature which primarily focused on sustainable reporting of nonfinancial companies.