bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General hospital patients’ attitude towards systematic health risk behavior screening and intervention
Authors: Timm Caroline , Krolo-Wicovsky Filipa , Tiede Anika , Spielmann Marie , Gaertner Beate , John Ulrich , Freyer-Adam Jennis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Systematic counseling on behavioral health risk factors (HRFs) may be suitable to promote health among general hospital patients. This study aimed to investigate the openness of patients towards systematic screening and intervention of HRFs, its relation to actual participation in a multi-behavioral intervention, and whether socio-economic characteristics, HRFs and health indicators are related to approval.

Methods
All 18- to 64-year-old patients hospitalized in five medical departments at the University Medicine Hospital Greifswald in Germany were asked between May and July 2022 to participate in a survey and in a subsequent pre-post intervention study. Among all eligible patients, 225 (78.9%) participated in the survey. Patients’ approval of systematic screening and intervention of HRFs was assessed using five statements with a total sum score of 0–20 (i.e., scores of 0–6, 7–13, 14–20 referring to low, medium and high approval). Associations with intervention participation, socio-economic, behavioral and health-related patient characteristics were analyzed using logistic and multivariable linear regression analyses.

Results
The mean total approval of screening and intervention was 13.8 (SD = 4.8). Of the 125/ 73/ 16 patients with high/ medium/ low approval, 88.0%/ 78.1%/ 50.0% participated in the subsequent intervention, respectively. Approval was independent of socio-demographic and -economic characteristics and self-rated general health. Current tobacco smoking was the only HRF negatively (p = 0.02) and diabetes mellitus was the only disease positively (p = 0.01) associated with approval.

Conclusion
High approval of HRF screening, which was rather independent of socio-economic characteristics and worse self-rated general health, speaks in favor of proactively approaching and motivating all general hospital patients to participate in health behavior change intervention. Tobacco smokers might need higher efforts to motivate participation than non-smokers.

Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT05365269 on May 9, 2022.
Aligning with the 3Rs: alternative models for research into muscle development and inherited myopathies
Authors: Mehmood Hashir , Kasher Paul R. , Barrett-Jolley Richard , Walmsley Gemma L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Inherited and acquired muscle diseases are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in human medical and veterinary patients. Researchers use models to study skeletal muscle development and pathology, improve our understanding of disease pathogenesis and explore new treatment options. Experiments on laboratory animals, including murine and canine models, have led to huge advances in congenital myopathy and muscular dystrophy research that have translated into clinical treatment trials in human patients with these debilitating and often fatal conditions. Whilst animal experimentation has enabled many significant and impactful discoveries that otherwise may not have been possible, we have an ethical and moral, and in many countries also a legal, obligation to consider alternatives. This review discusses the models available as alternatives to mammals for muscle development, biology and disease research with a focus on inherited myopathies. Cell culture models can be used to replace animals for some applications: traditional monolayer cultures (for example, using the immortalised C2C12 cell line) are accessible, tractable and inexpensive but developmentally limited to immature myotube stages; more recently, developments in tissue engineering have led to three-dimensional cultures with improved differentiation capabilities. Advances in computer modelling and an improved understanding of pathogenetic mechanisms are likely to herald new models and opportunities for replacement. Where this is not possible, a 3Rs approach advocates partial replacement with the use of less sentient animals (including invertebrates (such as worms Caenorhabditis elegans and fruit flies Drosophila melanogaster) and embryonic stages of small vertebrates such as the zebrafish Danio rerio) alongside refinement of experimental design and improved research practices to reduce the numbers of animals used and the severity of their experience. An understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of potential models is essential for researchers to determine which can best facilitate answering a specific scientific question. Applying 3Rs principles to research not only improves animal welfare but generates high-quality, reproducible and reliable data with translational relevance to human and animal patients.
A gut check: understanding the interplay of the gastrointestinal microbiome and the developing immune system towards the goal of pediatric HIV remission
Authors: Soo Nicole , Farinre Omotayo , Chahroudi Ann , Boliar Saikat , Goswami Ria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in reducing the global incidence of vertical HIV transmissions, more than 120,000 children are still infected with the virus each year. Since ART cannot clear the HIV reservoir that is established soon after infection, children living with HIV (CLWH) are forced to rely on therapy for their lives and suffer from long-term drug-related complications. Pediatric HIV infection, like adult infection, is associated with gut microbial dysbiosis, loss of gut epithelial integrity, bacterial translocation, CD4 + T cell depletion, systemic immune activation, and viral reservoir establishment. However, unlike in adults, HIV that is vertically acquired by infants interacts with a gut microbiome that is continuously evolving while concomitantly shaping the infant’s immune ontogeny. Therefore, to determine whether there may be interventions that target the HIV reservoir through microbiome-directed approaches, understanding the complex tripartite interactions between the transmitted HIV, the maturing gut microbiome, and the developing immune system during early life is crucial. Importantly, early life is the time when the gut microbiome of an individual is highly dynamic, and this temporal development of the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in educating the maturing immune system of a child. Therefore, manipulation of the gut microbiome of CLWH to a phenotype that can reduce HIV persistence by fostering an antiviral immune system might be an opportune strategy to achieve ART-free viral suppression in CLWH. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the vertical transmission of HIV, the developing gut microbiome of CLWH, and the immune landscape of pediatric elite controllers, and explores the prospect of employing microbial modulation as a potential therapeutic approach to achieve ART-free viral suppression in the pediatric population.
A study on the digital restoration of an ancient city based on historic building information modeling of wooden architectural heritage: focusing on Suwon Hwaseong
Authors: Kim Sunghyun , Lee JiHyung 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study describes the process of digitally reconstructing the ancient Korean city of Suwon Hwaseong in 3D utilizing Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) resources to accurately represent its wooden architectural heritage. Previous 3D reconstructions of cultural heritage have often prioritized appearance or remained partially disassembled. However, our reconstruction method offers a comprehensive representation of the appearance and the internal structure of wooden architectural heritage, which can be suitable for restoration maintenance. To ensure accuracy in digital restoration, we collected and utilized administrative records and historical materials, including the geography, fortress walls, folk houses, and Haenggung (the temporary palace of the Joseon Dynasty)—drawing from the archive of the Korean Cultural Heritage Service’s management records and the 1796 manuscript “Uigwe: Royal Protocols of the Hwaseong Fortress” which documents the construction of the ancient city of Suwon Hwaseong. Extensive architectural records were used to generate HBIM data, which digitized historical records, documents, and drawings to accurately represent the complex layout of the wooden architectural heritage. For the folk houses that lacked design records and the fortress walls that retained their original shape, we performed a digital restoration-based façade modeling. These elements of the ancient city of Suwon Hwaseong were assembled into a 3D model using Unreal Engine (version 5.1.1) to digitally reconstruct the city and enhance its visual representation. The digital restoration content, which utilizes visual effects and precise rendering from a game engine, can be used for the restoration, repair, and maintenance of both appearance and internal structures.
Presence of Plasmodium falciparum strains with artemisinin-resistant K13 mutation C469Y in Busia County, Western Kenya
Authors: Makau Mark , Kanoi Bernard N. , Mgawe Calvin , Maina Michael , Bitshi Mimie , Too Edwin K. , Naruse Taeko K. , Abkallo Hussein M. , Waweru Harrison , Adung’o Ferdinand , Kaneko Osamu , Gitaka Jesse 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMalaria remains a key health and economic problem, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The emergence of artemisinin drug resistance (ART-R) parasite strains poses a serious threat to the control and elimination of this scourge. This is because artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) remain the first-line treatment in the majority of malaria-endemic regions in Sub-Saharan Africa. Certain single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the propeller domains of Plasmodium falciparum Kelch 13 protein (K13) have been associated with delayed parasite clearance in vivo and in vitro. These mutations serve as vital molecular markers for tracking the emergence and dispersion of resistance. Recently, there have been increasing reports of the emergence and spread of P. falciparum ART-R parasites in the Eastern Africa region. This necessitates continued surveillance to best inform mitigation efforts. This study investigated the presence of all reported mutations of K13 propeller domains in the parasite population in Busia County, Kenya, a known malaria-endemic region. Two hundred twenty-six participants with microscopically confirmed uncomplicated malaria were recruited for this study. They were treated with artemether–lumefantrine under observation for the first dose, and microscopic examination was repeated 1 day later after ensuring the participants had taken the second and third doses. P. falciparum DNA from all samples underwent targeted amplification of the K13 gene using a semi-nested PCR approach, followed by Sanger sequencing. The recently validated ART-R K13 mutation C469Y was identified in three samples. These three samples were among 63 samples with a low reduction in parasitemia on day 1, suggesting day 1 parasitemia reduction rate is a useful parameter to enrich the ART-R parasites for further analysis. Our findings highlight the need for continuous surveillance of ART-R in western Kenya and the region to determine the spread of ART-R and inform containment.
Design and development of a machine-learning-driven opioid overdose risk prediction tool integrated in electronic health records in primary care settings
Authors: Nguyen Khoa , Wilson Debbie L. , Diiulio Julie , Hall Bradley , Militello Laura , Gellad Walid F. , Harle Christopher A. , Lewis Motomori , Schmidt Siegfried , Rosenberg Eric I. , Nelson Danielle , He Xing , Wu Yonghui , Bian Jiang , Staras Stephanie A. S. , Gordon Adam J. , Cochran Jerry , Kuza Courtney , Yang Seonkyeong , Lo-Ciganic Weihsuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Integrating advanced machine-learning (ML) algorithms into clinical practice is challenging and requires interdisciplinary collaboration to develop transparent, interpretable, and ethically sound clinical decision support (CDS) tools. We aimed to design a ML-driven CDS tool to predict opioid overdose risk and gather feedback for its integration into the University of Florida Health (UFHealth) electronic health record (EHR) system.

Methods
We used user-centered design methods to integrate the ML algorithm into the EHR system. The backend and UI design sub-teams collaborated closely, both informed by user feedback sessions. We conducted seven user feedback sessions with five UF Health primary care physicians (PCPs) to explore aspects of CDS tools, including workflow, risk display, and risk mitigation strategies. After customizing the tool based on PCPs’ feedback, we held two rounds of one-on-one usability testing sessions with 8 additional PCPs to gather feedback on prototype alerts. These sessions informed iterative UI design and backend processes, including alert frequency and reappearance circumstances.

Results
The backend process development identified needs and requirements from our team, information technology, UFHealth, and PCPs. Thirteen PCPs (male = 62%, White = 85%) participated across 7 user feedback sessions and 8 usability testing sessions. During the user feedback sessions, PCPs (n = 5) identified flaws such as the term “high risk” of overdose potentially leading to unintended consequences (e.g., immediate addiction services referrals), offered suggestions, and expressed trust in the tool. In the first usability testing session, PCPs (n = 4) emphasized the need for natural risk presentation (e.g., 1 in 200) and suggested displaying the alert multiple times yearly for at-risk patients. Another 4 PCPs in the second usability testing session valued the UFHealth-specific alert for managing new or unfamiliar patients, expressed concerns about PCPs’ workload when prescribing to high-risk patients, and recommended incorporating the details page into training sessions to enhance usability.

Conclusions
The final backend process for our CDS alert aligns with PCP needs and UFHealth standards. Integrating feedback from PCPs in the early development phase of our ML-driven CDS tool helped identify barriers and facilitators in the CDS integration process. This collaborative approach yielded a refined prototype aimed at minimizing unintended consequences and enhancing usability.
Atezolizumab Plus Chemotherapy With or Without Bevacizumab in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer: Clinical and Biomarker Data From the Randomized Phase II IMbrave151 Trial
Authors: Macarulla Teresa , Ren Zhenggang , Chon Hong Jae , Park Joon Oh , Kim Jin Won , Pressiani Tiziana , Li Daneng , Zhukova Lyudmila , Zhu Andrew X. , Chen Ming-Huang , Hack Stephen P. , Wu Stephanie , Liu Bo , Guan Xiangnan , Lu Shan , Wang Yulei , El-Khoueiry Anthony B. 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) harbor an immunosuppressed tumor microenvironment and respond poorly to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. Bevacizumab (anti–vascular endothelial growth factor) plus chemotherapy can promote anticancer immunity, augmenting response to PD-L1 inhibition.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This randomized, double-blind, proof-of-concept phase II study enrolled patients (n = 162) with previously untreated advanced BTC (IMbrave151; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT04677504
). Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive cycles of atezolizumab (1,200 mg) plus bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) or atezolizumab plus placebo once every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. All patients received cisplatin (25 mg/m
2
) plus gemcitabine (1,000 mg/m
2
; cisplatin plus gemcitabine [CisGem]) on days 1 and 8 once every 3 weeks for up to eight cycles. Stratification of patients was by disease status, geographic region, and primary tumor location. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). No formal hypothesis testing was performed. Exploratory correlative biomarker analysis was undertaken using transcriptome analysis (n = 95) and mutation profiling (n = 102) on baseline tumor samples.

RESULTS

Between February and September 2021, 162 patients were enrolled. Median PFS was 8.3 months in the bevacizumab arm and 7.9 months in the placebo arm (stratified hazard ratio [HR], 0.67 [95% CI, 0.46 to 0.95]). Median overall survival (OS) was 14.9 and 14.6 months in the bevacizumab and placebo arms, respectively (stratified HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.64 to 1.47]). The incidence of grade 3 or 4 adverse events was 74% in both arms. High
VEGFA
gene expression was associated with improved PFS (HR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.23 to 0.83]) in the bevacizumab arm versus placebo.

CONCLUSION

In unselected patients with advanced BTC, adding bevacizumab to atezolizumab plus CisGem modestly improves PFS but not OS. High
VEGFA
gene expression may represent a predictive biomarker of benefit from atezolizumab/bevacizumab, warranting further investigation.
From Mimeographs to Self-organization
Authors: Li Promise 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This essay unpacks how Beijing-based workers’ handbills and posters during the 1989 democracy movement functioned as a counterinstitution that enabled everyday workers to translate economic demands into political self-organization through groups like the Workers’ Autonomous Federation. In contrast to liberal dissident writing at the time by the likes of Fang Lizhi and Liu Xiaobo, workers’ organizing strategies and political vision have seldom been analyzed. The author argues that these writings represent an important effort to create an inchoate civil society under authoritarian conditions, while going beyond these conditions by empowering workers to ground a broader struggle for democracy in reorganizing the control of society and productive industries through independent politics.
“Ka Aina No Ka Poe o Hawaii”
Authors: Katzeman Aaron , Broderick Drew Kahuʻāina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article examines the independent newspaper Huli, published at the birth of the modern Hawaiian sovereignty movement from 1971 to 1973 by the grassroots political organization Kokua Hawaii. Reading through the surviving issues of Huli available in institutional archives, the article considers the variety of perspectives promoted within its pages to position Kokua Hawaii in relation to international understandings of anticolonial liberatory politics of the Global South. Revisiting prominent critiques of Kokua Hawaii, it argues that insights provided by Huli trouble lasting understandings of the organization and underscore the periodical’s relevance for navigating rising waves of political struggle in Hawaiʻi today. Moreover, the article contends that Huli—a timely revival of Hawaiʻi’s politically engaged print culture that flourished during the nineteenth century—offers one foundation for constructing a counterhegemonic lineage of socially concerned artists and cultural workers in Hawaiʻi. Through an analysis of Huli’s content, imagery, and context of production, the article uses the name of the periodical and its call to “huli” as a means of tracking the influence of Kokua Hawaii’s politics and aesthetics into the present, with Huli acting as a medium for insurgent inspiration.
The Periodical as Political Educator
Authors: Kazmi Sara 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This essay discusses how forms like political magazines, cultural journals, and party newspapers produced by twentieth-century anticolonial, left, and oppositional movements instituted practices of alternative pedagogy and political education across the Global South. These “revolutionary papers” served as a pedagogical infrastructure encompassing a critical curriculum drawn from ongoing movements, alternative histories, and regional literary production, to be used for collective practices of debate and inquiry. The essay introduces a series of digital teaching tools featured in the issue that study revolutionary periodicals such as the Cairo-based Afro-Asian literary magazine Lotus and underground pamphlets from the Mau Mau movement in Kenya. These teaching tools are accessible, interactive resources that provide archival, literary, and historical insights on movements and associated print cultures and are designed as pedagogical aids for the classroom and for political education in community settings. Along the way, the essay reflects on anticolonial periodicals as a resource for ongoing debates around decolonizing the university, and the possibilities presented by digital humanities approaches for the study of anticolonialism and Global South cultures.
DRAK2 regulates myosin light chain phosphorylation in T cells
Authors: Wilander Benjamin A. , Harris Tarsha L. , Mandarano Alexandra H. , Guy Cliff S. , Prater Mollie S. , Pruett-Miller Shondra M. , Ogden Stacey K. , McGargill Maureen A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Death-associated protein kinase-related apoptosis-inducing kinase-2 (DRAK2; also known as STK17B) is a serine/threonine kinase expressed in T cells. Drak2-deficient (Drak2−/−) mice respond effectively to tumors and pathogens while displaying resistance to T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. However, the molecular mechanisms by which DRAK2 impacts T cell function remain unclear. Gaining further insight into the function of DRAK2 in T cells will shed light on differentially regulated pathways in autoreactive and pathogen-specific T cells, which is crucial for improving autoimmune therapies. Here, we demonstrate that DRAK2 contributes to activation of myosin light chain (MLC2, encoded by Myl2) in both murine and human T cells. In the absence of Drak2, the amount of polymerized actin was decreased, suggesting that DRAK2 modulates actomyosin dynamics. We further show that myosin-dependent T cell functions, such as migration, T cell receptor microcluster accumulation, and conjugation to antigen presenting cells are decreased in the absence of Drak2. These findings reveal that DRAK2 plays an important role in regulating MLC activation within T cells.
Center of mass mechanics during locomotion in the arboreal squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) as a function of speed and substrate
Authors: Miller Charlotte E. , Granatosky Michael C. , Schmitt Daniel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
It is thought that the magnitude of center of mass (COM) oscillations can affect stability and locomotor costs in arboreal animals. Previous studies have suggested that minimizing collisional losses and maximizing pendular energy exchange are effective mechanisms to reduce muscular input and energy expenditure during terrestrial locomotion. However, few studies have explored whether these mechanisms are used in an arboreal context, where stability and efficiency often act as trade-offs. This study explores three-dimensional COM mechanics in an arboreal primate – the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) – moving quadrupedally at various speeds on instrumented arboreal and terrestrial supports. Using kinetic data, values of energy recovery, COM mechanical work and power, potential and kinetic energy congruity, and collision angle and fraction were calculated for each stride. Saimiri sciureus differed from many other mammals by having lower energy recovery. Although few differences were observed in COM mechanics between substrates at low or moderate speeds, as speed increased, COM work was done at a much greater range of rates on the pole. Collision angles were higher, whereas collision fractions and energy recovery values were lower on the pole, indicating less moderation of collisional losses during arboreal versus terrestrial locomotion. These data support the idea that the energetic demands of arboreal and terrestrial locomotion differ, suggesting that arboreal primates likely employ different locomotor strategies compared with their terrestrial counterparts – an important factor in the evolution of arboreal locomotion.