bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among first time visitors at STIs clinic in Hangzhou, China: Assessing the influence of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Tian Jiyun , Chen Shi , Li Xinzheng , Teng Yong , Chen Baobing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study assesses the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in first time visitors to the STIs clinic in Hangzhou, China, considering different genders, ages and symptoms. And also explores howthe COVID‐19 pandemic has affected on STIs.MethodsFrom 2019 to 2023, 27,283 first time visitors were tested for nine distinct STIs, includingHuman Papillomavirus(HPV),Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV), syphilis,Herpes Simplex Virus type 2(HSV‐2),Ureaplasma urealyticum(UU),Chlamydia trachomatis(CT),Neisseria gonorrhoeae(NG),Mycoplasma genitalium(MG), and vaginal Candida.ResultsSymptomatic male and female visitors showed overall STI‐positive rates of 39.27% and 59.20%, respectively(p < .001). The top three pathogens in both genders were HPV (47.56% and 56.71%), UU (29.21% and 56.47%), and HSV‐2 (22.41% and 52.94%). Among asymptomatic visitors, the total STI‐positive rate was 36.63% in males and 52.03% in females. Age‐stratified analysis revealed higher STI rates in visitors ≤ 20 or >50 years, regardless of gender and symptoms. During the COVID‐19 pandemic, symptomatic visitors showed lower positive rates for HPV, HIV, syphilis, and HSV‐2, while Candida, UU, CT, NG, and multiple infections increased. Among asymptomatic visitors, HPV had the lowest positive rate, while NG and multiple infections increased during the pandemic.ConclusionSTI prevalence is notably high, particularly in those aged ≤ 20 and >50 years. It emphasizes the need for enhanced health education, condom use, and vaccination. The COVID‐19 pandemic impacting STIs through varied factors, such as reduced sexual activity and clinical service interruption.
Aneuploidy in neoplasia: Single‐cell data on 83,862 tumors
Authors: Mertens Fredrik , Hofvander Jakob , Mandahl Nils , Mitelman Felix 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChromosomal aneuploidy, that is, numerical chromosome aberrations, is one of the molecular hallmarks of cancer. However, when neoplasms are studied with sequencing‐ and array‐based approaches, chromosome numbers and ploidy states are typically inferred from bulk DNA data. Furthermore, published molecular estimates of neoplasia‐associated aneuploidy often also include genomic imbalances resulting from various types of structural rearrangement, which likely result from other mechanisms than numerical chromosome aberrations. We thus analyzed chromosome numbers using single‐cell cytogenetic data from 83,862 tumors, and show that both benign and malignant tumors are highly heterogeneous with regard to deviations from the normal, diploid state. Focusing on the chromosome numbers in 112 specific tumor types, defined by both exact morphologic diagnosis and organ location and from which data from ≥50 cases were available, we found two major clusters: one predominated by near‐diploid neoplasms and one by neoplasms with extensive aneuploidy and one or more whole genome doublings. The former cluster included most benign solid tumors, myeloid neoplasms, and malignant gene fusion‐associated solid tumors, whereas the latter was predominated by malignant solid tumors and lymphomas. For 16 malignant tumor types, the distribution of chromosome numbers could be compared to TCGA ploidy level data. Cytogenetic and molecular data correlated well, but the former indicates a higher level of clonal heterogeneity. The results presented here suggest shared pathogenetic mechanisms in certain tumor types and provide a reference for molecular analyses.
Robot‐assisted pyeloplasty for ureteropelvic junction obstruction complicating horseshoe kidney
Authors: Nishikimi Toshinori , Ohashi Tomoyoshi , Yamada Hiroshi , Morikami Hiroko , Nagasaka Yuriko , Mizuno Hideki 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionHorseshoe kidney is characterized by midline fusion of the lower poles of both kidneys. We report a case where robot‐assisted pyeloplasty was performed for hydronephrosis complicating horseshoe kidney.Case presentationA 31‐year‐old man repeatedly developed fever since childhood. He visited a local clinic for fever and left back pain, where he was diagnosed and treated for acute pyelonephritis. Abdominal computed tomography led to a diagnosis of horseshoe kidney and associated left ureteropelvic junction obstruction. He was referred to our hospital for pyeloplasty because of persistent left back pain. Robot‐assisted left pyeloplasty was performed using the Anderson–Hynes technique with four ports because crossing vessels were discovered intraoperatively. Isthmusectomy was not performed. The postoperative course was favorable. Computed tomography performed approximately 2 years post‐surgery showed improvement in hydronephrosis. No left back pain was reported.ConclusionOur case experience suggests the utility of robot‐assisted pyeloplasty for patients with horseshoe kidney.
Review and Evidence Gap Map of mentoring programs for adolescent males with disabilities
Authors: Van Ryzin Mark J. , Rochelle Jonathan L. , Sinclair James , Lind John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionAdolescent males with disabilities face unique challenges, and mentoring programs designed for this population could support more positive long‐term outcomes. In the current study, a scoping review of empirical research on such programs was conducted. The review was intended to capture the characteristics of existing mentoring program for males with disabilities and map those characteristics in a way that sheds light on the overall status of the field.MethodsThe review included different types of mentoring (e.g., adult to child, peer to peer, etc.) as long as the program explicitly defined the formation of a long‐term relationship between mentor and mentee. The search identified 21 relevant studies that were categorized using four dimensions: 1) Setting (i.e., school/after school, community‐based, on‐line/virtual, or mixed); 2) Sex (i.e., males only or mixed males/females); 3) Outcomes (i.e., academics, social‐emotional skills, health, transition from high school, or program implementation); and 4) Evaluation methodology (i.e., experimental, nonexperimental, or qualitative). The findings are summarized in an Evidence Gap Map.ResultsOnly three studies used an experimental design, although they were able to demonstrate significant promise in promoting positive outcomes for youth with disabilities. Beyond these studies, however, there was little evidence supporting program efficacy for males with disabilities, as most studies in the sample were nonexperimental in nature.ConclusionsOverall there are few mentoring programs that target this population, and experimental research on programs that target academic and health outcomes is particularly lacking.
Full‐dimensional coupled‐channel statistical approach to atom‐triatom systems and applications to H/D + O3 reaction
Authors: Yang Dongzheng , Guo Hua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe statistical quantum model (SQM), which assumes that the reactivity is controlled by entrance/exit channel quantum capture probabilities, is well suited for chemical reactions with a long‐lived intermediate complex. In this work, a time‐independent coupled‐channel implementation of the SQM approach is developed for atom‐triatom systems in full dimensionality. As SQM treats the capture dynamics quantum mechanically, it is capable of handling quantum effects such as tunneling. A detailed study of the H/D + O3 capture dynamics was performed by applying the newly developed SQM method on an accurate global potential energy surface. Agreement with previous ring polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) results on the same potential energy surface is excellent except for very low temperatures. The SQM results are also in reasonably good agreement with available experimental rate coefficients. The strong H/D kinetic isotope effect underscores the dominant role of quantum tunneling under an entrance channel barrier at low temperatures.
重症熱中症との鑑別に苦慮したCOVID–19関連の急性壊死性脳症の成人例(An adult case of COVID–19–associated acute necrotizing encephalopathy mimicking severe heat stroke)
Authors: 公一 犬飼 , 豪 岸谷 , 俊満 小堀 , 敬祐 渡邉 , 寛之 金子 , 裕介 伊藤 , 宏隆 澤野 
Published: September 2024

要旨急性壊死性脳症（acute necrotizing encephalopathy: ANE）は，急速に進行する神経症状を特徴とするウイルス感染の稀な中枢神経系合併症であり，典型的には小児に発症する重篤な急性脳症の一種である。COVID–19もANEを起こすことが知られているが，本邦では小児例が散見されるが，成人例においては未だ報告がない。今回我々は，成人に発症したCOVID–19関連のANEの1例を経験したので報告する。症例はとくに既往のない73歳の男性。入浴中に意識レベルが低下しているのを発見され，当院に搬送された。来院時，意識障害，高体温，頻脈を認めた。SARS–CoV–2抗原検査は陽性であったが，血液および髄液検査，頭部CT所見からは意識障害の原因となるような所見はなく，重症熱中症と診断しICU入室となった。入室後より臓器障害が進行し，播種性血管内凝固症候群となったため，最重症型の熱中症を疑い集中治療を行った。意識障害が遷延したため，第6病日に頭部MRIを施行したところ，ANEに特徴的な画像所見を認め，ANEと確定診断した。免疫抑制療法を施行せずICUを生存退室し，その後意識障害も改善した。COVID–19関連のANEは世界的にも症例数が少なく未知な部分が多いが，臨床データや経過は熱中症に類似する点が多いため注意が必要である。
幻視や幻聴，姿勢保持障害など精神病症状を主訴に来院した慢性硬膜下血腫の1例(Chronic subdural hematoma presenting with psychotic symptoms such as visual and auditory hallucinations, and postural instability: a case report)
Authors: 純 須貝 , 圭 大谷 , 錬平 仙石 , 雅彦 卯津羅 
Published: September 2024

要旨慢性硬膜下血腫は意識障害や認知機能障害，対側の運動麻痺，頭痛や嘔吐など多彩な症状を呈し，ときに迅速な診断に難渋する。我々は初発症状として幻視や幻聴を訴えた慢性硬膜下血腫の症例を経験したのでここに報告する。症例は68歳の女性。来院1か月前からとくに誘因なく，「悪魔が出てトイレに行けない」「いつも音楽が聞こえる」といった幻視や幻聴が出現，来院前日に幻視や幻聴の症状が増悪し，姿勢に関係なく常に体が左に傾くようになったため，当院救急部を受診した。来院時，意識はほぼ清明であり，呼吸循環動態は安定していた。頭部CT検査で，右前頭部優位に硬膜下血腫を認め，左方への正中偏位を伴っていた。右慢性硬膜下血腫と診断し，翌日穿頭血腫洗浄術を施行した。その後，幻視や幻聴および体幹の傾きは消失し，主訴の改善を認めたため自宅退院した。
救命救急センターに搬送された高齢者の救命処置に対する意思変更に関連する病院前因子(Prehospital factors associated with changes in intent after hospital arrival regarding life–saving procedures in elderly patients transported to a tertiary emergency medical center)
Authors: 尚一郎 濱田 , 幹男 中島 , 愛吏 影山 , リチャード カシンスキー・ , 槙 三輪 , 正幸 大田原 , 智継 中野 
Published: September 2024

要旨【目的】救急隊は患者や家族等から救命処置に対する意思・希望を確認し救命救急センターへの搬送を決定するが，病着後早期に意思・希望が変更となる症例も散見される。しかし搬送後に意思変更された症例の実態に関する報告はない。本研究では，意思変更された症例の割合を調査し，関連する病院前因子を明らかにすることを目的とした。【対象】2022年1月から2023年6月までに都立広尾病院救命救急センターへ救急搬送された65歳以上の患者のうち，救急隊到着時心肺停止ないしは転院搬送を除いた症例を対象とした。対象症例の年齢，性別，介護度，搬送元，意思決定者，疾患分類，意思変更の有無，変更のタイミングを調査項目とした。来院後24時間以内に意思変更があった意思変更群と対照群に分け，これらを比較検討した。さらに意思変更に関連する病院前因子をロジスティック回帰分析で検討した。【結果】対象症例は335例，意思変更群143例（43%），対照群192例であった。ロジスティック回帰分析では，高齢患者，要介護認定患者，キーパーソンによる意思決定，内因性疾患による搬送が意思変更と有意に関連する病院前因子であった。【結語】救命救急センター搬送後の意思変更の割合と関連因子が明らかとなった。高齢患者，要介護認定患者，キーパーソンによる意思決定，内因性疾患の背景を持つ患者では病院選定において慎重な対応が必要である。
Diversity, equity, and inclusion programs' emphasis on symbolism: Causes and consequences
Authors: Levi Ariel , Fried Yitzhak 
Published: September 2024

SummaryIn this article, we attempt to explain why diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) programs have become so widespread and central to organizations today. We propose that organizations have responded to powerful societal forces that emphasize the importance of diversity. Because achieving diversity is often difficult, organizations often emphasize the symbolic aspects of diversity, including mission statements on diversity and the creation of units to promote the organization's DEI reputation. This emphasis on diversity symbolism has led to some unintended and negative consequences. A major consequence is that organizations become vulnerable to the charge that they are engaging in “window dressing.” This charge can lead organizations to respond by setting even more difficult‐to‐achieve goals. We cite illustrative examples in which stakeholders have called on organizations to actually achieve diversity, prompting a new round of diversity‐related goal‐setting sometimes accompanied by legally questionable human resource procedures (e.g., preferential hiring). Another negative consequence of diversity symbolism is that it incentivizes a focus on surface rather than deep dimensions of diversity. This displacement of deep by surface level diversity may cause organization to forgo the advantages potentially afforded by the former relative to the latter. We suggest that the tradeoffs inherent in DEI warrant caution and realism in program implementation.
Uncertainty in healthcare operations: How hospitals weather the perfect storm
Authors: Thirumalai Sriram , Devaraj Sarv , Browning Tyson R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe focus on two of the many sources of uncertainty in healthcare operations, mix uncertainty – the variation in the complexity of care required by the patient mix, and volume uncertainty – the variation in the volume of care demanded by the patient population. Using an interdisciplinary perspective, we study the impact of mix and volume uncertainties on two important healthcare outcomes, length of stay and number of procedures, along with the mitigation impacts of the operational concepts of related focus and utilization levels. Based on large dataset of 830,853 patient discharges in 26 clinical departments across 731 hospitals in five U.S. Midwest states, our results indicate that mix and volume uncertainties each have a significant impact on patient care. We also find that related focus and department utilization levels have a mitigating effect on uncertainty in healthcare settings. Lastly, we find considerable heterogeneity in the effects of uncertainty across hospital types and departments. We discuss key research and managerial implications of our findings.
The optimal polynomial decay in the extensible Timoshenko system
Authors: Aouadi Moncef 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we derive the equations that constitute the nonlinear mathematical model of an extensible thermoelastic Timoshenko system. The nonlinear governing equations are derived by applying the Hamilton principle to full von Kármán equations. The model takes account of the effects of extensibility, where the dissipations are entirely contributed by temperature. Based on the semigroups theory, we establish existence and uniqueness of weak and strong solutions to the derived problem. By using a resolvent criterion, developed by Borichev and Tomilov, we prove the optimality of the polynomial decay rate of the considered problem under the condition (65). Moreover, by an approach based on the Gearhart–Herbst–Prüss–Huang theorem, we show the non‐exponential stability of the same problem; but strongly stable by following a result due to Arendt–Batty. In the absence of additional mechanical dissipations, the system is often not highly stable. By adding a damping frictional function to the first equation of the nonlinear derived model with extensibility and using the multiplier method, we show that the solutions decay exponentially if Equation (85) holds.
Entropy solutions to the fully nonlocal diffusion equations
Authors: Li Ying , Zhang Chao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe consider the fully nonlocal diffusion equations with nonnegative ‐data. Based on the approximation and energy methods, we prove the existence and uniqueness of nonnegative entropy solutions for such problems. In particular, our results are valid for the time‐space fractional Laplacian equations.
A criterion for the holomorphy of the curvature of smooth planar webs and applications to dual webs of homogeneous foliations on PC2$\mathbb {P}^{2}_{\mathbb {C}}$
Authors: Bedrouni Samir , Marín David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLet be an integer. For a holomorphic ‐web on a complex surface , smooth along an irreducible component of its discriminant , we establish an effective criterion for the holomorphy of the curvature of along , generalizing results on decomposable webs due to Marín, Pereira, and Pirio. As an application, we deduce a complete characterization for the holomorphy of the curvature of the Legendre transform (dual web) of a homogeneous foliation of degree on , generalizing some of our previous results. This then allows us to study the flatness of the ‐web in the particular case where the foliation is Galois. When the Galois group of is cyclic, we show that is flat if and only if is given, up to linear conjugation, by one of the two 1‐forms , . When the Galois group of is noncyclic, we obtain that is always flat.
Bifurcation for indefinite‐weighted p$p$‐Laplacian problems with slightly subcritical nonlinearity
Authors: Cuesta Mabel , Pardo Rosa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study a superlinear elliptic boundary value problem involving the ‐Laplacian operator, with changing sign weights. The problem has positive solutions bifurcating from the trivial solution set at the two principal eigenvalues of the corresponding linear weighted boundary value problem.Drabek's bifurcation result applies when the nonlinearity is of power growth. We extend Drabek's bifurcation result to slightly subcritical nonlinearities. Compactness in this setting is a delicate issue obtained via Orlicz spaces.
A review of diamond dosimeters in advanced radiotherapy techniques
Authors: Angelou Christina , Patallo Ileana Silvestre , Doherty Daniel , Romano Francesco , Schettino Giuseppe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis review article synthesizes key findings from studies on the use of diamond dosimeters in advanced radiotherapy techniques, showcasing their applications, challenges, and contributions to enhancing dosimetric accuracy. The article explores various dosimeters, highlighting synthetic diamond dosimeters as potential candidates especially due to their high spatial resolution and negligible ion recombination effect. The clinically validated commercial dosimeter, PTW microDiamond (mD), faces limitations in small fields, proton and hadron therapy and ultra‐high dose per pulse (UHDPP) conditions. Variability in reported values for field sizes 2 2 is noted, reflecting the competition between volume averaging and density perturbation effects. PTW's introduction of flashDiamond (fD) holds promise for dosimetric measurements in UHDPP conditions and is reliable for commissioning ultra‐high dose rate (UHDR) electron beam systems, pending the clinical validation of the device. Other advancements in diamond detectors, such as in 3D configurations and real‐time dose per pulse x‐ray detectors, are considered valuable in overcoming challenges posed by modern radiotherapy techniques, alongside relative dosimetry and pre‐treatment verifications. The studies discussed collectively provide a comprehensive overview of the evolving landscape of diamond dosimetry in the field of radiotherapy, and offer insights into future directions for research and development in the field.
Prediction of early recurrence of adult‐type diffuse gliomas following radiotherapy using multi‐modal magnetic resonance images
Authors: Salari Elahheh , Chen Xuxin , Wynne Jacob Frank , Qiu Richard L. J. , Roper Justin , Shu Hui‐Kuo , Yang Xiaofeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdult‐type diffuse gliomas are among the central nervous system's most aggressive malignant primary neoplasms. Despite advancements in systemic therapies and technological improvements in radiation oncology treatment delivery, the survival outcome for these patients remains poor. Fast and accurate assessment of tumor response to oncologic treatments is crucial, as it can enable the early detection of recurrent or refractory gliomas, thereby allowing timely intervention with life‐prolonging salvage therapies.PurposeRadiomics is a developing field with great potential to improve medical image interpretation. This study aims to apply a radiomics‐based predictive model for classifying response to radiotherapy within the first 3 months post‐treatment.MethodsNinety‐five patients were selected from the Burdenko Glioblastoma Progression Dataset. Tumor regions were delineated in the axial plane on contrast‐enhanced T1(CE T1W) and T2 fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (T2_FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Hand‐crafted radiomic (HCR) features, including first‐ and second‐order features, were extracted using PyRadiomics (3.7.6) in Python (3.10). Then, recursive feature elimination with a random forest (RF) classifier was applied for feature dimensionality reduction. RF and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were built to predict treatment outcomes using the selected features. Leave‐one‐out cross‐validation was employed to tune hyperparameters and evaluate the models.ResultsFor each segmented target, 186 HCR features were extracted from the MRI sequence. Using the top‐ranked radiomic features from a combination of CE T1W and T2_FLAIR, an optimized classifier achieved the highest averaged area under the curve (AUC) of 0.829 ± 0.075 using the RF classifier. The HCR features of CE T1W produced the worst outcomes among all models (0.603 ± 0.024 and 0.615 ± 0.075 for RF and SVM classifiers, respectively).ConclusionsWe developed and evaluated a radiomics‐based predictive model for early tumor response to radiotherapy, demonstrating excellent performance supported by high AUC values. This model, harnessing radiomic features from multi‐modal MRI, showed superior predictive performance compared to single‐modal MRI approaches. These results underscore the potential of radiomics in clinical decision support for this disease process.
Failure analysis of a frangible cover made of short‐cut basalt fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Li Hong , Liu Jun‐zhou , Liu Jia‐lin , Wang Bei , Chen Jin‐cao , Chen Ji‐gang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe frangible cover made of continuous fiber reinforced composites has become widely used structure for the new generation launch canisters. However, destroying the continuity of fibers is needed during the hand lay‐up process to make the frangible cover fail in predetermined patterns. In this article, composite frangible covers were fabricated with short‐cut basalt fiber reinforced epoxy(BF/Epoxy) composites instead of continuous fiber‐reinforced composite materials, reducing the strength redundancy in the local structure of the frangible covers. Tensile tests were firstly conducted on material samples to obtain the stress–strain characteristics of the short‐cut BF/Epoxy composites. The constitutive model and failure criterion of the short‐cut BF/Epoxy composites material were established. Then failure pressure and failure mode of the frangible covers were predicted by finite element method. Two frangible covers with different geometric parameter were fabricated and subjected to static bursting strength tests. The influence of structure parameter on the bursting pressure of the frangible cover was investigated in detail. it was found that the bursting pressure of the BF/Epoxy composite fragile cover can be tailored by adjusting the geometry size of the weak zones on surface of the cover. Meanwhile, Failure modes and the bursting pressure of the BF/Epoxy composite fragile covers are highly consistent with the predictions.Highlights
A frangible cover made of the short‐cut basalt fiber reinforced epoxy(BF/Epoxy) composites was fabricated.
The constitutive model and failure criterion were established based on the mechanical properties of the short‐cut BF/Epoxy composites.
The static burst strength of the short‐cut BF/Epoxy composite frangible cover subjected to uniform pressure was investigated via both theoretical and experimental approaches.
The short‐cut BF/Epoxy composite frangible cover eventually failed in accordance with the predetermined pattern.
The simulation error of the failure pressure of the short‐cut BF/Epoxy composite frangible cover was less than 20%.