bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant power as a quality control marker for completeness of amotosalen and ultraviolet A photochemical treatments in platelet concentrates and plasma units
Authors: Abonnenc Mélanie , Crettaz David , Tacchini Philippe , Di Vincenzo Luciana , Sonego Giona , Prudent Michel , Tissot Jean‐Daniel , Lion Niels 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDPathogen inactivation treatments such as INTERCEPT aim to make sure blood and blood‐derived products are free of pathogens before using them for transfusion purposes. At present, there is no established quality control assay that assesses the completeness of the treatment. As INTERCEPT is a photochemical treatment known to generate reactive oxygen species we sought to use the antioxidant power (AOP) of the blood product as a marker of treatment execution. In this perspective, we evaluated an electrochemically based miniaturized system, the EDEL technology, for measuring the AOP in both platelet concentrates (PCs) and plasma.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAliquots were withdrawn from PCs or plasma units before and after INTERCEPT treatment and a few microliters were directly deposited into the EDEL sensor for the AOP measurement. The result is expressed in EDEL, an arbitrary unit (micromolar equivalent of ascorbic acid).RESULTSThe INTERCEPT treatment resulted in a significant decrease of the AOP. An AOP threshold of 66.5, 89.0, 59.8, and 131.5 EDEL was determined for apheresis PCs collected from female and male donors, buffy coat PCs, and plasma units, respectively. Below the threshold value, INTERCEPT treatment is considered to be executed. Additionally, we showed that the presence of the photosensitizer in combination with the ultraviolet A illumination is required to observe the AOP decrease.CONCLUSIONThe measurement of the AOP of PCs and plasma units can be used to document the completeness of the INTERCEPT treatment.
Inventory management strategies that reduce the age of red blood cell components at the time of transfusion
Authors: Poisson Jessica L. , Tuma Christopher W. , Shulman Ira A. 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDThere has been interest concerning patient outcomes when older red blood cell (RBC) components are utilized. Inventory management is key to maintaining a stock of fresher RBCs for general transfusion needs. We have altered our practice for RBC management to reduce RBC age at the time of transfusion.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSRetrospective review of RBC age at time of transfusion at a tertiary care hospital with active trauma service was performed. The baseline nonirradiated RBC inventory was decreased from 12 to 15 days of stock to 7 to 10 days of stock, with request made to the blood supplier for fresher RBCs, specified at 75% of RBCs less than 14 days old. The age of RBCs at time of receipt and at time of transfusion was tracked on a monthly basis for the next 12 months.RESULTSThe mean age of RBCs at transfusion was decreased by 9 days on average for the year. Significant decreases in the mean age of RBCs at transfusion were seen in the second half of the year, with 4 of 6 months seeing a mean age of less than 20 days. There were no documented incidences of hospital blood shortages after the reduction in inventory; no surgery was canceled or delayed because of inventory.CONCLUSIONInventory age depends on active management, combined with vendor cooperation to receive fresher components. Reducing the age of RBC components transfused is possible without experiencing blood component shortages. Longer periods of observation may allow for further adjustment of stocking levels on a seasonal basis.
Clinical and laboratory correlates of platelet alloimmunization and refractoriness in the PLADO trial
Authors: Hess J. R. , Trachtenberg F. L. , Assmann S. F. , Triulzi D. J. , Kaufman R. M. , Strauss R. G. , Granger S. , Slichter S. J. 
Published: May 2016

Background and ObjectivesPlatelet alloimmunization and refractoriness to platelet transfusion are complications of platelet transfusion therapy. The platelet dose (PLADO) trial, as the largest prospective randomized trial of prophylactic platelet therapy to date, afforded an opportunity to analyse these two issues.Materials and MethodsPLADO patient records were examined for evidence of platelet alloimmunization, defined as an increase in HLA Class I panel‐reactive antibodies (PRA) to ≥20%, and clinical refractoriness, defined as two consecutive ≤4 h posttransfusion corrected platelet count increments (CCI) of <5000. Multivariate logistic regression, restricted to platelet‐transfused subjects who received exclusively either in‐process leucoreduction apheresis or whole blood‐derived (WBD) leucocyte‐reduced platelets, compared the frequency of these outcomes by platelet unit and patient characteristics.ResultsForty of 816 evaluable platelet‐transfused patients (5%) became alloimmunized during the trial. Prior pregnancy, chemotherapy only compared to progenitor cell transplant, and low platelet dose – all were associated with significantly higher rates of alloimmunization. Among 35 alloimmunized patients evaluated for refractoriness, 8 (23%) had two consecutive CCI < 5000/μl. Regardless of alloimmunization status, CCIs < 5000/μl were observed following 17% of platelet transfusions. Among 734 patients receiving at least two platelet transfusions, two consecutive CCIs of ≤5000 occurred in 102 (14%).ConclusionsThe incidence of new platelet alloimmunization was low in the PLADO study, but follow‐up was at most 30 days. Alloimmunization was present in only 8 of 102 (8%) of observed cases of refractoriness, suggesting that other causes of poor posttransfusion increments are frequent.
COMPARISON ON ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE BETWEEN DUST AND COIR FORM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES (EFB) AS SOUND ABSORPTION MATERIAL
Authors: Samsudin Emedya Murniwaty , Ismail Lokman Hakim , Abdul Kadir Aeslina , Sayed Mokdar Sharifah Salwa 
Published: May 2016

Positive growth in palm oil Industry resulting in large quantities of solid waste generation and created a major disposal problem to the country. Among the major solid wastes generated from oil palm manufacturing processed are empty fruit bunches (EFB), mesocarp fruit fibres (MF) and palm kernel shells (PKS). This study investigated the utilization of EFB as sound absorption material for noise control in building. The effect of different form of EFB (coir and dust) was investigated in three different thicknesses (6mm, 12mm and 18mm) to determine the maximum sound absorption coefficient (SAC) and optimum frequencies. All samples were tested using impedance tube at low and high frequencies guided by BS EN ISO 10534. Results shows that dust EFB samples absorbed more sound energy compared to coir EFB samples at both low and high frequency region. Maximum SAC obtained by 18mm thick dust EFB samples at low frequency is 0.6 at 1500Hz while at high frequency; the maximum absorption was also obtained by 18mm thick dust EFB samples with SAC value of 0.990 at 3750Hz.Â This result indicated that thicker samples absorbed more sound energy compared to thinner samples. Moreover, small particles fibers consequently create less pores to the samples with higher density and higher sound absorption. In conclusion, palm oil fibre is highly potential to be used as raw material for sound absorption material replacing synthetic materials since these fiber are renewable, cheaper, nonabrasive, abundance and give less negative effect to human health.
THE COMPARISON OF SLAB DEFLECTION BASED ON FIELD MEASUREMENT, MANUAL CALCULATION (LEVY METHOD) AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (PROGRAM SAP 2000)
Authors: Hidayat Irpan , Suangga Made , Leonardo Fransiscus , Juliastuti Godeliva 
Published: May 2016

Concrete slab is a structural system that uses beams as a support element slab. The placement of beams at the whole edges of slab, so that the load received by the slab can be transfer into beams. The slab will be deformed/deflection when the loads are given. The value of slab deflection is dependent on the placement of beam support at the edges. This research was conducted on the two boundary condition that is simple support at the two edges and rigid support at whole edges. Calculating the value of deflection based on the results of field measurements and then compared with Marcus Levy method and Finite element method (FEM). Based on the study, the numbers of mesh affected to the value of deflection. The results of deflection with Program SAP 2000 will be approached deflection by Method M. Levy for the mesh division with large numbers. The deflection of slab on the field measurement approached manual calculations and Program SAP2000 with a simple support at the surrounding the edges.Â The comparison of deflection was obtained for the simple support based on manual calculations and field measurement has a difference of 0.3% - 1%. Where the value of deflection on the field measurement is smaller than the manual calculation.
THE EFFICIENCY OF PRODUCTION FUNCTION ALLOCATION TURMERIC FARM ACEH BESAR DISTRICT
Authors: Ismayani Ismayani 
Published: May 2016

The objectives of this research is to find the factors impacted of turmeric farm and the efficiency of production factor allocation was efficient or not.Â TheÂ research location in Aceh Besar district. This research used survey method. The research was tested by Cobb Douglass production function analysis. Â The result of research shows that area factor allocation 0,30 hectare not efficient. Â Showing that area factor necessary to increased anyway the income of the farmer increasing.And the allocation of labor factor 17,43 man days per season be decreased cause not efficient and can be high the labor, over production and marginal production value lower.
STEEPING OF GINGER (ZINGIBEROFFICINLAE ROSCOE) POTENTIALLY DECREASE THE RISK OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS BY ATTENUATE OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR (TNF)-α EXPRESSION
Authors: Mahmudati Nurul , Wahyono Poncojari , Lisan Nashukha Hikmanita 
Published: May 2016

Cardiovascular disease still one of the highest death factor in Indonesia. Ginger as an anti-atherosclerosis could be one of the alternatives that is being developed to decrease the cardiovascular disease. The general aims of this research were determining the mechanism of ginger as anti-atherosclerosis to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. Research design used was “The Randomized Posttest only Control Group Design”. In this research, the experimental unit was Rattus norvegicus, male; in the age of 3 months and total number were thirty. Independent variable of this research was steeping of ginger, the dose various of steeping ginger (control, 1g, 3g, 3g + bay leaf, and 5g), and dependent variable was Tumor Necrotic Factor (TNF)α of tissue lipid. TNF α expression was measured by using ELISA method. The data was analyzed by using ANOVA. Based on the analysis, it showed that steeping of ginger was decreased the expression of TNF-α in fat tissue (1g = 551 pg/mL, 3g = 511 pg/mL, 3g + bay leaf = 493 pg /mL) compare to control (986.8 pg/mL) but on the 5 g dose there is contradictory effect that is there is increasing TNF α (1103.5 pg/mL). Conclusion, steeping of ginger potentially decrease the risk of atherosclerosis by attenuate of TNF α expression.
SPATIAL ANALYSIS 3D GEOLOGY NICKEL USING ORDINARY KRIGING METHOD
Authors: P. Sri Suryani , Sibaroni Yuliant , Nur Heriawan M. 
Published: May 2016

Utilization of minerals to supply raw materials in various fields, causing diminishing reserves of the mine. Nickel is one of mine production are widely used today are in various applications and industries, such as coating steel, coating copper, industrial batteries, electronics, aerospace applications, the textile industry, and a variety of other functions. The activities to obtain continuous nickel had to be done by the mining industry. Therefore, it need to conduct nickel resources exploration to obtain optimum results. To obtain complete and accurate information accosiated with mineral resource and geological conditions of nickel mine in exploration activities, 3D spatial analysis is needed. This paper discusses the general process of 3D nickel geological modeling and also discuse spatial analysis results have been obtained on each layer. Analysis of the ferro (Fe) content is also considering because Fe is a material that greatly affects nickel content in a layer of soil. The analysis result shown, that show each layer has different characteristics. Layer 1 has a nearly 60% saprolite layer characteristics, while at layer 2, has nearly 70% saprolite.
EFFECT OF APC ON KILLING OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BY OXIDATIVE STRESS AGENTS
Authors: Abdullah Noor Faradilla , Mohamad Hussain Roslinah , Amom Zulkhairi 
Published: May 2016

Allylpyrocatechol (APC) which consists of benzene ring with hydroxyl groups, is a major phenolic constituent in Piper betle L. leaves extract. Antimicrobial activity of APC against S. aureus (ATCC 25923) was tested by determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) using the broth microdilution method. In addition, oxidative stress resistance assay was performed to determine the antioxidant activity of APC against hydrogen peroxide (10 mM), diamide(10 mM) and methyl viologen (10 mM) in relation to its toxicity against S. aureus. MIC and MBC values of APC against S. aureus were both 2000 µg/ml. Exposure of S. aureus cells to hydrogen peroxide, diamide and methyl viologen for 1 hour caused reduction of cells with percentage of survival of 87%, 15% and 10% respectively. Treatment of S. aureus cells with APC was found to increase killing compared to treatment with oxidative stress agent alone. Further research is recommended to investigate the effect of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide, diamide and methyl viologen on the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant enzyme activities in S. aureus to elucidate the mechanism involved. This study potentially leads to discover and develop new antibiotic agents against all types of MRSA and in particular, novel phytochemicals of antimicrobial potential from natural products.
Assessment of the arterial stiffness in patients with acute ischemic stroke using longitudinal elasticity modulus measurements obtained with Shear Wave Elastography.
Authors: Li Zhaojun , Du Lianfang , Wang Feng , Luo Xianghong 
Published: May 2016

Aim: Arterial wall elasticity including the circumferential and longitudinal modulus is a measure of sub-clinical cardiovascular disease; the circumferential modulus is increased in acute ischemic stroke (AIS). There are still no reports of non-invasive measurement of longitudinal elastic modulus of arterial wall and its prospect of clinical application. In this study, the longitudinal elastic modulus of the arterial wall was assessed using real-time shear wave elastography in patients with AIS. The technique’s feasibility and its related factors were studied initially. Materials and methods: In this study 179 patients with AIS and 168 age- and sex-matched controls were examined. The pulse wave velocity (PWV) of the bilateral carotid arteries was measured using radio frequency ultrasound technology. The 20 areas of superficial walls of bilateral carotid artery were analyzed by real-time shear wave elastography (SWE), and the average values of longitudinal average elastic modulus (MEmean), maximum elastic modulus (MEmax), minimum elastic modulus (MEmin), and elastic modulus standard deviation (MESD) were measured. Results: The PWV, MEmean, MEmax and MESD of the carotid artery in patients with AIS were greater than those in the control group. Age, systolic blood pressure, PWV, and low-density lipoprotein were positively related to MEmean and MEmax (r=0.221and r=0.248, r=0.174 and r=0.176, r=0.776 and r=0.716, r=0.173 and r=0.200, p<0.05) and were independent risk factors for MEmean and MEmax。ROC curves for detection of ischemic stroke as decided by PWV, MEmean and MEmax. The area under the curves were 0.55±0.03 (p≤0.05), 0.59±0.03 (p≤0.05) and 0.60±0.03 (p=0.023), respectively. The optimal PWV, MEmean and MEmax cutoff values for the detection of ischemic stroke were 9.66 m/s, 55.4 kPa and 65.4 kPa, with 69%, 73% and 73% sensitivity and 89%, 53% and 51% specificity, respectively. Conclusions: SWE could measure non-invasively the longitudinal elastic modulus of the arterial wall and evaluate the arterial stiffness. It was equivalent to the PWV which showed circular elastic modulus of arterial wall on evaluating AIS. Age, systolic blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, and low-density lipoprotein were independent risk factors for longitudinal elastic modulus. SWE may be effective in the assessment of arterial stiffness and offer a potential clinical benefit.
A clinically observed discrepancy between image‐based and log‐based MLC positions
Authors: Neal Brian , Ahmed Mahmoud , Kathuria Kunal , Watkins Tyler , Wijesooriya Krishni , Siebers Jeffrey 
Published: May 2016

Purpose:To present a clinical case in which real‐time intratreatment imaging identified an multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf to be consistently deviating from its programmed and logged position by >1 mm.Methods:An EPID‐based exit‐fluence dosimetry system designed to prevent gross delivery errors was used to capture cine during treatment images. The author serendipitously visually identified a suspected MLC leaf displacement that was not otherwise detected. The leaf position as recorded on the EPID images was measured and log‐files were analyzed for the treatment in question, the prior day's treatment, and for daily MLC test patterns acquired on those treatment days. Additional standard test patterns were used to quantify the leaf position.Results:Whereas the log‐file reported no difference between planned and recorded positions, image‐based measurements showed the leaf to be 1.3 ± 0.1 mm medial from the planned position. This offset was confirmed with the test pattern irradiations.Conclusions:It has been clinically observed that log‐file derived leaf positions can differ from their actual position by >1 mm, and therefore cannot be considered to be the actual leaf positions. This cautions the use of log‐based methods for MLC or patient quality assurance without independent confirmation of log integrity. Frequent verification of MLC positions through independent means is a necessary precondition to trust log‐file records. Intratreatment EPID imaging provides a method to capture departures from MLC planned positions.
In Vitro
Emergence of High Persistence upon Periodic Aminoglycoside Challenge in the ESKAPE Pathogens
Authors: Michiels Joran Elie , Van den Bergh Bram , Verstraeten Natalie , Fauvart Maarten , Michiels Jan 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Health care-associated infections present a major threat to modern medical care. Six worrisome nosocomial pathogens—
Enterococcus faecium
,
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Klebsiella pneumoniae
,
Acinetobacter baumannii
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, and
Enterobacter
spp.—are collectively referred to as the “ESKAPE bugs.” They are notorious for extensive multidrug resistance, yet persistence, or the phenotypic tolerance displayed by a variant subpopulation, remains underappreciated in these pathogens. Importantly, persistence can prevent eradication of antibiotic-sensitive bacterial populations and is thought to act as a catalyst for the development of genetic resistance. Concentration- and time-dependent aminoglycoside killing experiments were used to investigate persistence in the ESKAPE pathogens. Additionally, a recently developed method for the experimental evolution of persistence was employed to investigate adaptation to high-dose, extended-interval aminoglycoside therapy
in vitro
. We show that ESKAPE pathogens exhibit biphasic killing kinetics, indicative of persister formation.
In vitro
cycling between aminoglycoside killing and persister cell regrowth, evocative of clinical high-dose extended-interval therapy, caused a 37- to 213-fold increase in persistence without the emergence of resistance. Increased persistence also manifested in biofilms and provided cross-tolerance to different clinically important antibiotics. Together, our results highlight a possible drawback of intermittent, high-dose antibiotic therapy and suggest that clinical diagnostics might benefit from taking into account persistence.
Endothelial Cell Response to Fusobacterium nucleatum
Authors: Mendes Reila Tainá , Nguyen Daniel , Stephens Danielle , Pamuk Ferda , Fernandes Daniel , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Kantarci Alpdogan 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTVascular response is an essential aspect of an effective immune response to periodontal disease pathogens, as new blood vessel formation contributes to wound healing and inflammation. Gaining a greater understanding of the factors that affect vascular response may then contribute to future breakthroughs in dental medicine. In this study, we have characterized the endothelial cell response to the common bacteriumFusobacterium nucleatum, an important bridging species that facilitates the activity of late colonizers of the dental biofilm. Endothelial cells were infected withFusobacterium nucleatum(strain 25586) for periods of 4, 12, 24, or 48 h. Cell proliferation and tube formation were analyzed, and expression of adhesion molecules (CD31 and CD34) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors 1 and 2 was measured by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Data indicate thatF. nucleatumimpaired endothelial cell proliferation and tube formation. The findings suggest that the modified endothelial cell response acts as a mechanism promoting the pathogenic progression of periodontal diseases and may potentially suggest the involvement of periodontopathogens in systemic diseases associated with periodontal inflammation.
Injury and illness surveillance at the International Sailing Federation Sailing World Championships 2014
Authors: Tan Benedict , Leong Darren , Vaz Pardal Carmen , Lin Cindy Y , Kam Jia Wen 
Published: May 2016

Background/aimThe Sailing World Championships 2014 was contested by 1167 sailors in all 10 Olympic classes. Our objective was to characterise sailing-related injuries and illnesses in sailors participating in this regatta.MethodsWe conducted 2 surveys: (1) prior to the World Championships, sailors answered a 12-month recall questionnaire on sailing-related injuries and illnesses and (2) during the Championships, injuries and illnesses were documented.ResultsThere were 760 respondents (65% of all participants) for the 12-month recall questionnaire (58% male, 42% female), of whom 244 participants reported 299 injuries (0.59 injuries per 1000 h of sailing). Injuries were most prevalent in the 49erFX (64%), RS:X Women (39%), 49er (37%) and Nacra 17 (36%). Lower back (29% of sailors), knee (13%), shoulder (12%) and ankle (10%) injuries were most prevalent; most (58% of all injuries) were overuse injuries; and 56% of sailors lost sailing time. Most illnesses (40%) were infections, primarily of the respiratory system (43%). During the Championships, there were 67 injuries (4 per 1000 days of sailing). The 49er (24% of all injuries), 470 Men and Women (24%), and 49erFX (19%) had the highest incidence. Injuries to the hand/fingers (22% of all injuries), back (18%), and foot (12%) were most common, as were contusions (37% of all injuries), cuts/lacerations (24%), and sprains (9%). Of the 29 illnesses (2 per 1000 days of sailing), 9 (31%) were gastrointestinal and 6 (21%) respiratory, while 2 (7%) were gout attacks.ConclusionsThe Olympic classes introduced since 2000 (49erFX, 49er, Nacra 17) have resulted in a rise in injuries.