bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative two‐dimensional ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer (2D UTE‐MT) imaging of cortical bone
Authors: Ma Ya‐Jun , Tadros Anthony , Du Jiang , Chang Eric Y. 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTo investigate quantitative 2D ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer (UTE‐MT) imaging in ex vivo bovine cortical bone and in vivo human tibial cortical bone.MethodsData were acquired from five fresh bovine cortical bone samples and five healthy volunteer tibial cortical bones using a 2D UTE‐MT sequence on a clinical 3T scanner. The 2D UTE‐MT sequence used four or five MT powers with five frequency offsets. Results were analyzed with a two‐pool quantitative MT model, providing measurements of macromolecular fraction (f), macromolecular proton transverse relaxation times (T2m), proton exchange rates from water/macromolecular to the macromolecular/water pool (RM0m/RM0w), and spin‐lattice relaxation rate of water pool (R1w). A sequential air‐drying study for a small bovine cortical bone chip was used to investigate whether above MT modeling parameters were sensitive to the water loss.ResultsMean fresh bovine cortical bone values for f, T2m, R1w, RM0m, and RM0w were 59.9 ± 7.3%, 14.6 ± 0.3 μs, 9.9 ± 2.4 s−1, 17.9 ± 3.6 s−1, and 11.8 ± 2.0 s−1, respectively. Mean in vivo human cortical bone values for f, T2m, R1w, RM0m and RM0w were 54.5 ± 4.9%, 15.4 ± 0.6 μs, 8.9 ± 1.1 s−1, 11.5 ± 3.5 s−1, and 9.5 ± 1.9 s−1, respectively. The sequential air‐drying study shows that f, RM0m, and R1w were increased with longer drying time.ConclusionUTE‐MT two‐pool modeling provides novel and useful quantitative information for cortical bone. Magn Reson Med 79:1941–1949, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
HPSLPred: An Ensemble Multi‐Label Classifier for Human Protein Subcellular Location Prediction with Imbalanced Source
Authors: Wan Shixiang , Duan Yucong , Zou Quan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPredicting the subcellular localization of proteins is an important and challenging problem. Traditional experimental approaches are often expensive and time‐consuming. Consequently, a growing number of research efforts employ a series of machine learning approaches to predict the subcellular location of proteins. There are two main challenges among the state‐of‐the‐art prediction methods. First, most of the existing techniques are designed to deal with multi‐class rather than multi‐label classification, which ignores connections between multiple labels. In reality, multiple locations of particular proteins imply that there are vital and unique biological significances that deserve special focus and cannot be ignored. Second, techniques for handling imbalanced data in multi‐label classification problems are necessary, but never employed. For solving these two issues, we have developed an ensemble multi‐label classifier called HPSLPred, which can be applied for multi‐label classification with an imbalanced protein source. For convenience, a user‐friendly webserver has been established at http://server.malab.cn/HPSLPred.
Substitution‐induced near phase transition with Maxwell–Wagner polarization in SrBi2(Nb1−xAx)2O9 ceramics [A = W, Mo and x = 0, 0.025]
Authors: Banerjee Prasun , Franco Jr Adolfo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe synthesis, micro‐structure, spectroscopic, and dielectric properties of [with AW, Mo and , 0.025] ceramics were systematically studied. A relative density of 98% was obtained for all the samples using a two‐step solid state sintering process. XRD images showed that a single phase layered perovskite structure of (SBN) was formed. The orthorhombic structure with phase group was found up to ∼2.5 at.% substitution of W and Mo into the SBN matrix. SEM revealed the rod‐like grain structure similar to the Maxwell–Wagner (MW) parallel plate capacitor model in SBN ceramic, whereas smaller heterogeneous grain structure was observed in W and Mo donor doped ceramics. The initial high value of real and imaginary part of relative permittivity also indicated the presence of interfacial MW relaxation in the SBN ceramics. The experimental data fit well to the theoretical data obtained from MW polarization model in SBN ceramics. The possible origin of the difference of the properties present in the doped sample has been explained based on grain size, orientation, and modification done in the ceramic matrices.
A frontier in the use of camera traps: surveying terrestrial squamate assemblages
Authors: Welbourne Dustin J. , Paull David J. , Claridge Andrew W. , Ford Frederic 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThere is an urgent need to improve methods for surveying snakes and lizards (squamates). Currently, fundamental data gaps exist about squamate distributions and abundance in numerous regions. Traditional squamate survey methods are useful, but they are also resource and labour intensive. In recent decades, camera traps have provided researchers an effective, cost‐efficient and minimally invasive survey tool; albeit primarily for birds, mammals and fish. The use of camera traps for reptiles generally, and squamates specifically, has been limited. Yet, recent developments in camera trapping methodology demonstrate how they could be used to survey a squamate assemblage. Although further research is required, these developments are encouraging. Thus, surveying squamates with camera traps is a primary frontier in camera trapping.
Fabrication of Chitosan‐Reinforced ZrxAl1‐xOOH Nanocomposites and Their Arsenite and Fluoride Depollution Densities from Single/Binary Systems
Authors: Prabhu Subbaiah Muthu , Sasaki Keiko 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe unique and versatile adsorbents zirconium oxyhydroxide (ZrOOH), aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH), zirconium‐aluminum oxyhydroxide (ZrxAl1‐xOOH) and chitosan‐supported zirconium‐aluminum oxyhydroxide (CS@ZrxAl1‐xOOH) were synthesized via a simple co‐precipitation method. CS was used as a pillar‐like support to reinforce the ZrxAl1‐xOOH, the resulting material was capable of simultaneously adsorbing both F− and AsO33− because the functional groups of CS facilitated the formation of both ZrOOH and AlOOH nanoparticles. Interestingly, ZrxAl1‐xOOH and CS@ ZrxAl1‐xOOH had better F− adsorption capacities at pH<7, whereas better AsO33− removal was observed at pH>9. The Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity of CS@ZrxAl1‐xOOH was 0.655 and 0.983 mmol g−1 for AsO33− and F−, respectively and the performance was superior to that of previously reported metallic oxide and chitosan‐based sorbents. In addition, the presence of coexisting anions revealed that the CS@ZrxAl1‐xOOH material selectively removed AsO33− over F− in a binary batch system. The adsorption kinetics of the adsorbents were well fit to the pseudo‐second‐order model. Due to the simultaneous and quick uptake capacity and cost‐effectiveness, CS@ZrxAl1‐xOOH nanocomposite have potential application in environmental cleanup.
Efficient Degradation of Endocrine Disruptors Using 1D and 3D Copper (I) Oxide Nanostructures
Authors: Mukherjee Indrani , Mishrra Anushka , Saha Rajnarayan , Chatterjee Sriparna 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe visible light photocatalytic degradation of a synthetic oral contraceptive, 17α‐ ethinylestradiol (EE2) and a natural estrogen, estrone (E1) by Cu2O nanostructures has been investigated. For this purpose, Cu2O nanocrystals with varied morphologies (nano‐ cubes, nano‐ octahedra and nano‐ rods) have been synthesized via different synthetic routes. The morphological evolution from nano‐ cubes to nano‐ octahedra with simple alteration of the stabilizing agent (PVP) has been shown. To account for the pH effect on the degradation rates, the photocatalytic experiments have been conducted in three different pH values (7, 8 and 10). Photocatalytic studies prove that the Cu2O nanostructures work best at pH 7 with decrease in efficiency at higher pH. Cu2O nano‐ rods has emerged as the best visible light photocatalyst at pH 7 (95 % degradation within 45 minutes of irradiation) reported till date for the degradation of estrogens EE2 and E1.
Synthesis of N,N‐Bis‐Sulfonylated and N‐Alkyl‐N‐Sulfonylated G1 Dendrimers via Click Reaction: Application of Thiocarbamide based CuI Catalysts
Authors: Khanam Shaziya , Pandey Sunil K. , Rai Sunil K. , Verma Deepshikha , Jasinski Jerry P. , Pratap Seema , Tewari Ashish K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis manuscript deals with the design of thiocarbamide based CuI catalysts C1, C2 and C3 and their application in synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazole based N,N‐bis‐sulfonylated and N‐alkyl‐N‐sulfonylated G1 dendrimers. Since thermal stability of N−S bonds of persulfone moiety is poor, therefore, CuAAC reactions were performed at ambient conditions using catalysts C1, C2 and C3, and solvents water/t‐BuOH, DCM, DMSO. It was observed that product yield was satisfactory in DCM however it was very poor in DMSO. However, liquid assisted grinding (LAG) approach improved the yield from good to excellent and lowers the reaction time. Among all the three catalysts, C3 showed the better catalytic activity under LAG approach.
Development of Severe Hyperparathyroidism Despite Short‐Term Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Okada Manabu , Tominaga Yoshihiro , Hiramitsu Takahisa , Ichimori Toshihiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe occasionally experience cases of severe secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) that require parathyroidectomy (PTX) despite undergoing short‐term renal replacement therapy (RRT). Because the characteristics of such cases have never been discussed, we aimed to elucidate the pathophysiology of severe SHPT after short‐term RRT by retrospectively analyzing clinical data.MethodsA total of 1013 patients with severe SHPT underwent PTX between January 2007 and April 2016 at Nagoya Daini Red Cross Hospital. Of these patients, 570 underwent RRT for ≥10 years (long RRT group) and 23 for ≤1 year (short RRT group). We retrospectively investigated and compared patient characteristics, preoperative data, subjective symptoms, and bone lesion incidence between the two groups.ResultsA higher proportion of subjects with congenital or hereditary diseases as primary disease for chronic kidney disease (CKD) (21.7% (5/23) vs. 6.3% (36/570); P = 0.016) and longer predialysis period (21.2 ± 14.0 vs. 10.1 ± 9.2 years; P < 0.001) were observed in the short RRT group than in the long RRT group. Furthermore, lower serum calcium and phosphate levels, heavier parathyroid glands, and severe bone lesions were observed in the short RRT group than in the long RRT group.ConclusionSevere SHPT after short‐term RRT appeared to occur because of long‐term CKD before initiating RRT. Therefore, treating mineral and bone disorders during the early CKD stage might prevent severe SHPT development before initiating RRT.
Synthesis, Surface Activity and Aggregation Properties of Glucosamide‐Based Polysiloxanes
Authors: Ma Shuaishuai , Han Fu , Zhou Yawen , Xu Baocai 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThree glucosamide‐based polysiloxanes (GAPS) surfactants were prepared by amidation of gluconolactone with amino functional polysiloxanes synthesized by polymerization. GAPS were characterized by FT‐IR,1H NMR and13C NMR. Surface activity and aggregation behavior in aqueous solution were studied by surface tension measurements, dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. GAPS can reduce the surface tension of water to 24 mN m−1at concentration levels of 10−4g mL−1and self‐assemble in water at room temperature to form spherical micelles with average diameters ranging from 30 to 1000 nm. The micelle diameter increases with increasing degree of polymerization.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and physical multimorbidity: A population-based study
Authors: Stickley A. , Koyanagi A. , Takahashi H. , Ruchkin V. , Inoue Y. , Kamio Y. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground:There has been little research on the association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with co-occurring physical diseases. The aim of this study was to examine the association between possible ADHD and physical multimorbidity (i.e. = 2 physical diseases) among adults in the English general population.Methods:Data were analyzed from 7274 individuals aged = 18 years that came from the Adult Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2007. ADHD symptoms were assessed with the Adult Self-Report Scale (ASRS) Screener. Information was also obtained on 20 self-reported doctor/other health professional diagnosed physical health conditions present in the past 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analyses were conducted to assess the associations.Results:There was a monotonic relation between the number of physical diseases and possible ADHD (ASRS score = 14). Compared to those with no diseases, individuals with = 5 diseases had over 3 times higher odds for possible ADHD (odds ratio [OR]: 3.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.48–4.37). This association was observed in all age groups. Stressful life events (% mediated 10.3–24.3%), disordered eating (6.8%), depression (12.8%), and anxiety (24.8%) were significant mediators in the association between possible ADHD and physical multimorbidity.Conclusion:Adults that screen positive for ADHD are at an increased risk for multimorbidity and several factors are important in this association. As many adults with ADHD remain undiagnosed, the results of this study highlight the importance of detecting adult ADHD as it may confer an increased risk for poorer health outcomes, including physical multimorbidity.
Incidence of chronic pain after single stitch mesh fixation in open inguinal hernia repair: An observational prospective study, a case series
Authors: Kapur Neeti , Kumar Naveen 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Chronic pain, after Lichtenstein inguinal hernia repair, remains a frequent complication. Various causes for post operative pain from Liechtenstein inguinal repair have been suggested, one of them being the use of sutures for fixing the mesh to the inguinal ligament. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the incidence of chronic pain and recurrence rate, using a single stitch mesh fixation in open inguinal hernia repair.

Methods
625 male patients between 18 and 60 years operated for open inguinal hernia repair. The incidence of pain at one week, one month, three months and one year were recorded. The effect of physical activity and recurrence rates were also recorded. A 3-0,polypropylene suture was used to secure the lower medial corner of the mesh to the soft tissue overlying the pubic tubercle.

Results
Majority of the patients fall between the age group of 40 and 60 (80%) years and all are male patients. Of the total cases, 313 were right sided, 200 were left sided, and 112 were bilateral. 82 patients required further analgesics for one more week, 10 patients required analgesics for another two weeks while only one patient had analgesics for one more post-operative month. All patients were performing all their activities after 15 days. There was one recurrence at the end of three months.

Conclusions
Single stitch mesh fixation over pubic tubercle in open inguinal hernia repair causes minimum postoperative chronic pain with 0.2% recurrence.

Highlights
The Politics of Nationalism and Status in Puerto Rico
Authors: Lecours André , Vézina Valérie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOver the last several decades, nationalist movements in liberal democracies have challenged their community's relationship with the state. One such case that has drawn relatively little attention is Puerto Rico. A peculiar feature of Puerto Rican politics is that powerful nationalism coexists with several distinct status options: a reform of the current Commonwealth, statehood (becoming an American state), free association and independence. This article examines the various sources for Puerto Rican nationalism and discusses the relationship between nationalism and each of the status options. It also explains why none of the options has succeeded in gathering majority support amongst Puerto Ricans and why, therefore, the constitutional status quo has so far remained on the island.
The Ecology of Chinese Academia: A Third-Eye Perspective
Authors: Tenzin Jinba 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhile Chinese academic excellence is gaining increasing international recognition, plagiarism, corruption, nepotism and other negative practices are reportedly rampant in academia in China. Many point the finger at fundamental flaws within thetizhi, the highly structured Chinese socio-political system. I propose re-examining Chinese academia and its practices by applying and expanding Pierre Bourdieu's notion offieldas this framework helps to identify the predicament of the “deep water” in which Chinese scholars and institutes find themselves. The four fields I outline – ideological, quasi-official, fame–profit andguanxifields – spotlight academic practices with “Chinese characteristics.” I elaborate on my own experiences and reflections as both an insider and outsider to these practices, a position which I refer to as a third-eye perspective. I argue that despite the constraints of the “deep water,” the field-oriented angle of investigation reveals that the depths and types of “deep water” vary from one institute to another and also that the internally generated ongoing initiatives promise a step-by-step transformation in Chinese academia. To provoke further thought, I contend that the Chinese case is both a non-exception and alternative to the Western (and other) practices. In so doing, I call for a balanced perspective to re-examine Chinese academic ecology.
Maternal employment and childhood overweight in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Oddo Vanessa M , Mueller Noel T , Pollack Keshia M , Surkan Pamela J , Bleich Sara N , Jones-Smith Jessica C 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association between maternal employment and childhood overweight in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).Design/SettingWe utilized cross-sectional data from forty-five Demographic and Health Surveys from 2010 to 2016 (n268 763). Mothers were categorized as formally employed, informally employed or non-employed. We used country-specific logistic regression models to investigate the association between maternal employment and childhood overweight (BMIZ-score&gt;2) and assessed heterogeneity in the association by maternal education with the inclusion of an interaction term. We used meta-analysis to pool the associations across countries. Sensitivity analyses included modelling BMIZ-score and normal weight (weight-for-ageZ-score≥−2 to &lt;2) as outcomes.SubjectsParticipants included children 0–5 years old and their mothers (aged 18–49 years).ResultsIn most countries, neither formal nor informal employment was associated with childhood overweight. However, children of employed mothers, compared with children of non-employed mothers, had higher BMIZ-score and higher odds of normal weight. In countries where the association varied by education, children of formally employed women with high education, compared with children of non-employed women with high education, had higher odds of overweight (pooled OR=1·2; 95 % CI 1·0, 1·4).ConclusionsWe find no clear association between employment and child overweight. However, maternal employment is associated with a modestly higher BMIZ-score and normal weight, suggesting that employment is currently associated with beneficial effects on children’s weight status in most LMIC.
Mixotrophy drives niche expansion of verrucomicrobial methanotrophs
Authors: Carere Carlo R , Hards Kiel , Houghton Karen M , Power Jean F , McDonald Ben , Collet Christophe , Gapes Daniel J , Sparling Richard , Boyd Eric S , Cook Gregory M , Greening Chris , Stott Matthew B 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Aerobic methanotrophic bacteria have evolved a specialist lifestyle dependent on consumption of methane and other short-chain carbon compounds. However, their apparent substrate specialism runs contrary to the high relative abundance of these microorganisms in dynamic environments, where the availability of methane and oxygen fluctuates. In this work, we provide in situ and ex situ evidence that verrucomicrobial methanotrophs are mixotrophs. Verrucomicrobia-dominated soil communities from an acidic geothermal field in Rotokawa, New Zealand rapidly oxidised methane and hydrogen simultaneously. We isolated and characterised a verrucomicrobial strain from these soils, Methylacidiphilum sp. RTK17.1, and showed that it constitutively oxidises molecular hydrogen. Genomic analysis confirmed that this strain encoded two [NiFe]-hydrogenases (group 1d and 3b), and biochemical assays revealed that it used hydrogen as an electron donor for aerobic respiration and carbon fixation. While the strain could grow heterotrophically on methane or autotrophically on hydrogen, it grew optimally by combining these metabolic strategies. Hydrogen oxidation was particularly important for adaptation to methane and oxygen limitation. Complementary to recent findings of hydrogenotrophic growth by Methylacidiphilum fumariolicum SolV, our findings illustrate that verrucomicrobial methanotrophs have evolved to simultaneously utilise hydrogen and methane from geothermal sources to meet energy and carbon demands where nutrient flux is dynamic. This mixotrophic lifestyle is likely to have facilitated expansion of the niche space occupied by these microorganisms, allowing them to become dominant in geothermally influenced surface soils. Genes encoding putative oxygen-tolerant uptake [NiFe]-hydrogenases were identified in all publicly available methanotroph genomes, suggesting hydrogen oxidation is a general metabolic strategy in this guild.
Sulfide production and oxidation by heterotrophic bacteria under aerobic conditions
Authors: Xia Yongzhen , Lü Chuanjuan , Hou Ningke , Xin Yufeng , Liu Jihua , Liu Honglei , Xun Luying 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Sulfide (H2S, HS− and S2−) oxidation to sulfite and thiosulfate by heterotrophic bacteria, using sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) and persulfide dioxygenase (PDO), has recently been reported as a possible detoxification mechanism for sulfide at high levels. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the sqr and pdo genes were common in sequenced bacterial genomes, implying the sulfide oxidation may have other physiological functions. SQRs have previously been classified into six types. Here we grouped PDOs into three types and showed that some heterotrophic bacteria produced and released H2S from organic sulfur into the headspace during aerobic growth, and others, for example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, with sqr and pdo did not release H2S. When the sqr and pdo genes were deleted, the mutants also released H2S. Both sulfide-oxidizing and non-oxidizing heterotrophic bacteria were readily isolated from various environmental samples. The sqr and pdo genes were also common in the published marine metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data, indicating that the genes are present and expressed. Thus, heterotrophic bacteria actively produce and consume sulfide when growing on organic compounds under aerobic conditions. Given their abundance on Earth, their contribution to the sulfur cycle should not be overlooked.