bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentially categorized structural brain hubs are involved in different microstructural, functional, and cognitive characteristics and contribute to individual identification
Authors: Wang Xindi , Lin Qixiang , Xia Mingrui , He Yong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVery little is known regarding whether structural hubs of human brain networks that enable efficient information communication may be classified into different categories. Using three multimodal neuroimaging data sets, we construct individual structural brain networks and further identify hub regions based on eight widely used graph‐nodal metrics, followed by comprehensive characteristics and reproducibility analyses. We show the three categories of structural hubs in the brain network, namely, aggregated, distributed, and connector hubs. Spatially, these distinct categories of hubs are primarily located in the default‐mode system and additionally in the visual and limbic systems for aggregated hubs, in the frontoparietal system for distributed hubs, and in the sensorimotor and ventral attention systems for connector hubs. These categorized hubs exhibit various distinct characteristics to support their differentiated roles, involving microstructural organization, wiring costs, topological vulnerability, functional modular integration, and cognitive flexibility; moreover, these characteristics are better in the hubs than nonhubs. Finally, all three categories of hubs display high across‐session spatial similarities and act as structural fingerprints with high predictive rates (100%, 100%, and 84.2%) for individual identification. Collectively, we highlight three categories of brain hubs with differential microstructural, functional and, cognitive associations, which shed light on topological mechanisms of the human connectome.
Flow control with electrode bank arrangements by electrohydrodynamics force for heat transfer enhancement in a porous medium
Authors: Saneewong Na Ayuttaya Suwimon , Chaktranond Chainarong , Rattanadecho Phadungsak 
Published: January 2018

AbstractActive flow control with electrohydrodynamics (EHD) force in the channel flow has been numerically investigated for enhancing heat transfer. This study focuses on the effect of electrode bank arrangements and the number of electrodes on corona wind and fluid flow for heat transfer onto a porous medium. Aligned and staggered configurations of electrode banks are compared. The numerical results show that electric field intensity depends on electrical voltage and the number of electrodes. Shear flow is increased with larger numbers of electrodes and in the aligned configuration, resulting in the enhancement of vortex strength. The swirling flow from staggered configurations spread wider than that of aligned configurations, but the aligned configuration produced more turbulence. In addition, the temperature distribution in the channel flow is increased with increasing numbers of electrodes. With the effect of swirling flow, airflow above the porous sample surface is faster leads the heat to more transfer to the porous sample surface. This causes the temperature of porous medium to increase rapidly so the convective heat transfer coefficient on porous medium surface is increased. Finally, the modified case of the numerical results is validated against the experimental results. The experimental flow visualization is based on the incense smoke technique, in order to verify the accuracy of the swirling flow pattern subjected to the electric field. It is shown that the comparison results in both techniques are in good agreement.
Clinical and hematological data to group different chronic kidney disease patients: A practical approach to establish different groups of patients
Authors: Péterle Vinícius B. , Souza Jéssica de O. , Busato Fernanda de O. , Eutrópio Frederico J. , da Costa Gisele de A. P. , Olivieri David N. , Tadokoro Carlos E. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is the convergent point of several pathological processes, and its evolution is insidious and characterized by a progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function. This impaired function induces the accumulation of uremic toxins and individuals with terminal CKD often have altered physiological responses, including a persistent state of immuno‐suppression and development of diseases. A better characterization and stratification of these patients with CKD in different immuno‐compromised groups would contribute to more effective and personalized treatments. The focus of this study was to use two parameters to stratify patients with CKD into four separate groups that are representative of different immunological status.MethodsPatients with CKD were chosen randomly and stratified into four separate groups according to the period of time receiving dialysis treatment and leukocyte blood counts. The amount of apoptotic CD4 T cells were measured in each group of patients, and clinical/hematological parameters were correlated by multivariate analysis with each group.ResultsObservations reveal that one of the four groups of patients with CKD (group 3) had more apoptotic CD4 T cells than the other group; this group also had an increased malnutrition inflammation score (MIS), an elevated Kt/V, and a higher incidence of smoking.ConclusionA simple two‐parameter‐based stratification strategy could be used to design effective immunological therapies that differentiate the degrees of immuno‐suppression across groups of patients with CKD.
An Expedient Method for the Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Triazolo‐fused 1,5‐Benzodiazepine, 1,5‐Benzoxazepine, and 1,5‐Benzothiazepine Scaffolds: A Novel Seven‐membered Ring System of Biological Interest
Authors: Sharma Aruna , Kishore Dharma , Singh Bhawani 
Published: January 2018

New heterocyclic compounds 1‐(3‐methyl‐9H‐dibenzo[b,f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐d][1,4]diazepin‐6‐yl)ethanone 8a, 1‐(3‐methyldibenzo[b,f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐d][1,4]oxazepin‐6‐yl)ethanone 8b, and 1‐(3‐methyldibenzo[b,f][1,2,4]triazolo[4,3‐d][1,4]thiazepin‐6‐yl)ethanone 8c are synthesized from benzodiazepinone, benzoxazepinone, and benzothiazepinone derivatives. These heterocyclic scaffolds have wide medicinal importance. Best results were obtained in antibacterial screening against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Staphylococcus aureus and antifungal screening against Candida albicans and Fusarium oxysporum. 1,1‐Diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities of compounds 6c, 7c, and 8c were tested in doses 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μg/mL and were expressed as IC50 values and percent of inhibition with means ± standard deviation of three different concentrations of synthesized compounds. The assignment of the structures of synthesized compounds was made by thin‐layer chromatography, elemental analysis, IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.
In‐vitro oxidation model for UHMWPE incorporating synovial fluid lipids
Authors: Oral Ebru , Fung Mitchell , Rowell Shannon L. , Muratoglu Orhun K. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTPost‐irradiation melting of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reduced the oxidation potential of UHMWPE in vivo. After mid‐term (5–10 years) use in vivo, there is detectable oxidation in irradiated and melted joint implant retrievals. The absorption of the synovial fluid lipid squalene was identified as a possible factor initiating oxidation. We investigated the role of lipids in UHMWPE oxidation by asking: (1) Do other synovial fluid lipids initiate oxidation in irradiated and melted UHMWPE?; (2) What is the effect of the absorption of multiple lipids on UHMWPE oxidation?; (3) How does lipid‐initiated oxidation in vitro compare to what is observed in long‐term retrievals? We diffused emulsified single and mixed lipids into irradiated and melted UHMWPE and accelerated aged them. We analyzed the oxidation in these samples and in four long‐term highly crosslinked, irradiated, and melted Longevity™ UHMWPE liner retrievals (in vivo for up to 190 months) using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). We showed that lipids other than squalene could initiate oxidation in UHMWPE and that the types of absorbed lipids determined the amount of resultant oxidation. Although mixed lipids doping and accelerated aging reproduced the average and maximum oxidation values and oxidation products observed in vivo, the oxidation depth profile and its effect on cross‐link density was different. One reason for this was the variability of oxidation in retrievals, suggesting additional factors contributing to oxidation. The understanding of oxidative processes in vivo and the development of clinically relevant in vitro protocols to evaluate implant materials is crucial for their long‐term performance. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1833–1839, 2018.
Detection and classification of citrus green mold caused by Penicillium digitatum using multispectral imaging
Authors: Ghanei Ghooshkhaneh Narges , Golzarian Mahmood Reza , Mamarabadi Mojtaba 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDFungal decay is a prevalent condition that mainly occurs during transportation of products to consumers (from harvest to consumption) and adversely affects postharvest operations and sales of citrus fruit. There are a variety of methods to control pathogenic fungi, including UV‐assisted removal of fruit with suspected infection before storage, which is a time‐consuming task and associated with human health risks. Therefore it is essential to adopt efficient and dependable alternatives for early decay detection. In this study, detection of orange decay caused by Penicillium genus fungi was examined using spectral imaging, a novel automated inspection technique for agricultural products.RESULTSThe reflectance parameter (including mean reflectance) and reflectance distribution parameters (including standard deviation and skewness) of surfaces were extracted from decayed and rotten regions of infected samples and healthy regions of non‐infected samples. The classification accuracy of rotten, decayed and healthy regions at 4 and 5 days after fungal inoculation was 98.6 and 100% respectively using the mean and skewness of 500 nm, 800 nm, 900 nm and modified normalized difference vegetation index (MNDVI) spectra.CONCLUSIONComparison of results between healthy and infected samples showed that early real‐time detection of Penicillium digitatum using multispectral imaging was possible within the near‐infrared (NIR) range. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Stable isotope labeling‐assisted GC/MS/MS method for determination of methyleugenol in food samples
Authors: Li Jincheng , Liu Huan , Wang Chaoying , Yang Jien , Han Gang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDMethyleugenol is a common phenylpropanoid compound found in many plants and has been widely used as a flavoring agent in people's daily life. In this study, a stable isotope dilution assay‐coupled gas chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (SIDA‐GC/MS/MS) method was developed for the quantitative determination of methyleugenol in food samples. Methyleugenol‐D3 was synthesized and used as an isotope internal standard for the determination of methyleugenol. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) method was applied to the clean‐up of food sample extracts. Confirmation and quantification were carried out by GC/MS/MS.RESULTSThe analytical performance of the method was validated. The determination range of methyleugenol was linear from 4 to 500 µg L−1. Method detection limits for solid food samples, semi‐solid food samples and liquid beverages were 50, 50 and 1 µg kg−1 respectively. Satisfactory recoveries in the range 94.29–100.27% were obtained. Intra‐ and inter‐day precision was also validated and the values were all lower than 9%. The method was successfully applied to quantify methyleugenol in different kinds of food samples.CONCLUSIONThis article describes a new method for the accurate quantification of methyleugenol in food samples based on a stable isotope labeling‐assisted GC/MS/MS method. Methyleugenol‐D3 was synthesized and used as an isotope internal standard for the determination of methyleugenol. Excellent results were generated with the method, and the detection sensitivity and accuracy of the method were good. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficacy of type I thyroplasty after endoscopic cordectomy for early‐stage glottic cancer: Literature review
Authors: Bertelsen Caitlin , Reder Lindsay 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveAs phonomicrosurgical techniques have evolved, endoscopic cordectomy (EC) has been used more commonly for early‐stage glottic cancer. Patients undergoing more extensive surgery often experience significant postoperative dysphonia for which there is no standard treatment. Surgical options include injection laryngoplasty and thyroplasty. We reviewed the literature to evaluate the efficacy of thyroplasty after EC.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify studies of adults undergoing thyroplasty for dysphonia after EC for glottic cancer. Primary outcomes included voice, as measured subjectively by the voice handicap index (VHI) and objectively by aerodynamics—specifically maximum phonation time (MPT). Secondary outcomes included additional acoustic and aerodynamic measurements, variations in the technical aspects of thyroplasty, and a description of adverse events.ResultsSeven articles met inclusion criteria. Each study allowed 6 to 12 months after EC before performing thyroplasty. General anesthesia frequently was used rather than monitored anesthesia care . Implants varied between centers and were chosen based on surgeon preference. Of the three studies including statistical analysis, one reported improvement in VHI and grade. The second reported improvement in VHI; grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, strain; jitter; shimmer; noise‐to‐harmonic ratio (NHR); and MPT. The third reported improvements in jitter, shimmer, NHR, fundamental frequency, MPT, and sound pressure level. The most frequent adverse events were hematoma, infection, and implant extrusion.ConclusionOptimizing voice after EC remains a clinical challenge. Our review suggests that thyroplasty is one potentially beneficial option in appropriately selected patients. More controlled studies are needed to assess efficacy of thyroplasty in this context. Laryngoscope, 128:690–696, 2018
Computer Simulation of DNA Condensation by PAMAM Dendrimer
Authors: Su Yunxiang , Quan Xuebo , Li Libo , Zhou Jian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this study, dissipative particle dynamics is employed to investigate the complexation of poly(amido amine) dendrimer and single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA). A coarse‐grained model for ssDNA is constructed, which reproduces correctly the conformational behavior of the ssDNA molecules. The effects of pH, dendrimer generation, ionic strength, and dendrimer/ssDNA charge ratio on DNA–dendrimer complexes are explored. Simulation results show that ssDNA molecules can be significantly condensed by dendrimers and stable complexes are obtained by regulating the pH value. The ssDNA chain penetration would complicate its release from dendrimer, while this can be tuned by different generations of dendrimer. Salt concentration affects the size and stability of the complexes through ion screening effect. Dendrimer/ssDNA charge ratio can be used to control the size and morphology of the complex. This work can help design dendrimer‐based gene vectors.
Intrinsically microporous polyimides containing spirobisindane and phenazine units: Synthesis, characterization and gas permeation properties
Authors: Shrimant Bharat , Dangat Yuvraj , Kharul Ulhas K. , Wadgaonkar Prakash P. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTA new diamine containing spirobisindane and phenazine units, namely, 3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐2,2′,3,3′‐tetrahydro‐1,1′‐spirobi[cyclopenta[b]phenazine]‐7,7′‐diamine (TTSBIDA) was synthesized starting from commercially available 5,5′,6,6′‐tetrahydroxy‐3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐1,1′‐spirobisindane (TTSBI). TTSBI was oxidized to 3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐2,2′,3,3′‐tetrahydro‐1,1′‐spirobi[indene]‐5,5′,6,6′‐tetraone (TTSBIQ) which was subsequently condensed with 4‐nitro‐1,2‐phenylenediamine to obtain 3,3,3′,3′‐tetramethyl‐7,7′‐dinitro‐2,2′,3,3′‐tetrahydro‐1,1′‐spirobi[cyclopenta[b]phenazine] (TTSBIDN). TTSBIDN was converted into TTSBIDA by reduction of the nitro groups using hydrazine hydrate in the presence of Pd/C as the catalyst. A series of new polyimides of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐PIs) were synthesized by polycondensation of TTSBIDA with commercially available aromatic dianhydrides. PIM‐PIs exhibited amorphous nature, high thermal stability (T10 > 480 °C) and intrinsic microporosity (BET surface area = 59–289 m2/g). The gas permeation characteristics of films of selected PIM‐PIs were evaluated and they exhibited appreciable gas permeability as well as high selectivity. The CO2 and O2 permeability of PIM‐PIs were in the range 185.4–39.2 and 30.6–6.2 Barrer, respectively. Notably, polyimide derived from TTSBIDA and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (PIM‐PI‐6FDA) exhibited high CO2 and O2 permeability of 185.4 and 30.6 Barrer with CO2/CH4 and O2/N2 selectivity of 43.1 and 5.1, respectively. The data of PIM‐PI‐6FDA for CO2/CH4 and O2/N2 gas pairs were located near Robeson upper bound. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 766–775
Airway inflammation in sickle cell disease—A translational perspective
Authors: De Aliva , Manwani Deepa , Rastogi Deepa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAsthma and sickle cell disease (SCD) are common chronic conditions in children of African ancestry that are characterized by cough, wheeze, and obstructive patterns on pulmonary function. Pulmonary function testing in children with SCD has estimated a prevalence of obstructive lung disease ranging from 13% to 57%, and airway hyper‐responsiveness of up to 77%, independent of a diagnosis of asthma. Asthma co‐existing with SCD is associated with increased risk of acute chest syndrome (ACS), respiratory symptoms, pain episodes, and death. However, there are inherent differences in the pathophysiology of SCD and asthma. While classic allergic asthma in the general population is associated with a T‐helper 2 cell (Th‐2 cells) pattern of cell inflammation, increased IgE levels and often positive allergy testing, inflammation in SCD is associated with different inflammatory pathways, involving neutrophilic and monocytic pathways, which have been explored to a limited extent in mouse models and with a dearth of human studies. The current review summarizes the existent literature on sickle cell related airway inflammation and its cross roads with allergic asthma‐related inflammation, and discusses the importance of further elucidating and understanding these common and divergent inflammatory pathways in human studies to facilitate development of targeted therapy for children with SCD and pulmonary morbidity.
Regional stability of two‐dimensional nonlinear polynomial Fornasini‐Marchesini systems
Authors: Osowsky Jefferson , de Souza Carlos E. , Coutinho Daniel 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis paper addresses the problem of regional stability analysis of 2‐dimensional nonlinear polynomial systems represented by the Fornasini‐Marchesini second state‐space model. A method based on a polynomial Lyapunov function is proposed to ensure local asymptotic stability and provide an estimate of the domain of attraction of the system zero equilibrium point. The proposed results that build on recursive algebraic representations of the polynomial vector function of the system dynamics and Lyapunov function are tailored via linear matrix inequalities that are required to be satisfied at the vertices of a given bounded convex polyhedral region of the state space. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Detection of cannabinoids and cannabinoid metabolites using gas chromatography with vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy
Authors: Leghissa Allegra , Smuts Jonathan , Qiu Changling , Hildenbrand Zacariah L. , Schug Kevin A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRelatively new technology vacuum ultraviolet absorption spectroscopic (120–240 nm) detection for gas chromatography, was evaluated and shown to successfully differentiate cannabinoids, their metabolites, and derivatives thereof. The possibility to deconvolute co‐eluting peaks due to additivity of overlapping absorbance spectra of the analytes was also demonstrated. This feature allows the use of faster temperature ramps, faster analysis time, and reduces the need to baseline resolve all analytes, without sacrificing sensitivity. The combination of vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy with gas chromatography allows for the analysis of cannabinoids that have similar structures and molecular weight, and whose chromatographic separation can be difficult to obtain. The sensitivity of the approach (low ppm; low ng on‐column) is currently sufficient for tracking cannabinoids in plant material, but significant sample enrichment would be needed to target cannabinoids and metabolites in biological samples.
Determination of atenolol in human urine by using HPLC
Authors: Yilmaz Bilal , Arslan Sakir 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA simple high‐performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for determination of atenolol in human urine. The method was validated on Ace C18 column using fluorescence detection. The mobile phase consisted of methanol/water (50:50, v/v) containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. Fluorescence detection was performed at 276 nm (excitation) and 296 nm (emission). The calibration curve was linear between the concentration range of 5–150 ng/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐day precision values for atenolol in human urine were less than 6.09, and accuracy (relative error) was better than 5.50%. The extraction recoveries of atenolol from human urine were between 93.0 and 98.8%. The limits of detection and quantification of atenolol were 1.5 and 5 ng/mL, respectively. Also, the method was successfully applied to a patient with hypertension who had been given an oral tablet of 50 mg atenolol.
Transient MicroRNA Expression Enhances Myogenic Potential of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Bem Joanna , Grabowska Iwona , Daniszewski Maciej , Zawada Dorota , Czerwinska Areta M. , Bugajski Lukasz , Piwocka Katarzyna , Fogtman Anna , Ciemerych Maria A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known regulators of various cellular processes, including pluripotency and differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We analyzed differentiation of two ESC lines—D3 and B8, and observed significant differences in the expression of miRNAs and genes involved in pluripotency and differentiation. We also examined if transient miRNA overexpression could serve as a sufficient impulse modulating differentiation of mouse ESCs. ESCs were transfected with miRNA Mimics and differentiated in embryoid bodies and embryoid body outgrowths. miRNAs involved in differentiation of mesodermal lineages, such as miR145 and miR181, as well as miRNAs regulating myogenesis (MyomiRs)—miR1, miR133a, miR133b, and miR206 were tested. Using such approach, we proved that transient overexpression of molecules selected by us modulated differentiation of mouse ESCs. Increase in miR145 levels upregulated Pax3, Pax7, Myod1, Myog, and MyHC2, while miR181 triggered the expression of such crucial myogenic factors as Myf5 and MyHC2. As a result, the ability of ESCs to initiate myogenic differentiation and form myotubes was enhanced. Premature expression of MyomiRs had, however, an adverse effect on myogenic differentiation of ESCs.