bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cow comfort: a case study in sustainable entrepreneurship
Authors: Pahl Joy M. 
Published: January 2018

Synopsis
The case is set in Northeast Wisconsin, where the two largest industries are dairy farming and papermaking. Dairy farms have a continual need for bedding material for cows, and Lynn Heemeyer recognized an opportunity for a new bedding material: a waste byproduct of recycled paper. The case includes the progression of Heemeyer’s venture – Alternative Animal Bedding (AAB) – from the idea phase, to initiation and growth, to near collapse, recovery, and renewed growth. By September 2015, AAB was at a turning point as the sales were increasing, and Jess, Lynn’s daughter, had joined the business. Jess’s challenge: how best to grow the business.

Research methodology
Information for the case was gathered via interviews with Jess Heemeyer; she also provided some supporting materials. Jess Heemeyer is a former student of the author and a graduate of the institution that employs the author. Additional information for the case was collected from publicly available sources, as referenced. The identification of the college was not included in the case.

Relevant courses and levels
The case is best suited for use in an undergraduate or graduate entrepreneurship course or courses that include entrepreneurship as a topic. The case fits well with the topics of alertness and opportunity identification, and the innovation process. It can also be used to illustrate critical factors for new-venture development and growth. In addition, the benefits and challenges related to family-based entrepreneurial ventures can be included as a learning objective.

Theoretical bases
This case draws upon and illustrates the concept of alertness (Kirzner, 1973) which was further developed by Tang et al. (2012) when they identified three dimensions of alertness: “scanning and searching for information, connecting previously disparate information, and making evaluations on the existence of profitable business opportunities” (p. 77). Also, the case follows the creativity-based model of opportunity recognition developed by Corbett (2005) that uses experiential learning theory. Finally, students are asked to apply Ansoff’s Growth Matrix (Ansoff, 1957) to identify and evaluate the growth options available to the business owners and managers. As an optional pasture for discussion, a stewardship theory perspective can be applied to examine the family business aspect of this case (see Eddleston and Kellermanns, 2007).
Paytm’s wallet business: on a growth trajectory or suicide mission?
Authors: Agarwal Richa , Tuteja Sumedha 
Published: January 2018

Synopsis
Paytm has become a popular method to make cashless payments in India. Be it for transferring funds through mobile numbers, online payment of utility bills, cabs, etc. or payment to offline merchants. This case elaborates on the position Paytm has attained in the market thus far and its ambitious future growth plans. It describes the strategies being adopted by Paytm’s competitors and the new developments in the payments business in India. The case finally narrates the challenges the Fintech firm faces at present and poses a pertinent question: is Paytm on a growth trajectory or committing suicide by leaping so fast?

Research methodology
The case collates secondary data pertaining to Paytm’s current position and recent developments in the Indian mobile wallet industry. It presents the facts and data published on websites, newspapers, and magazines in the form of a case study.

Relevant courses and levels
This case can be applied to strategic management at under graduate and introductory level in post-graduate marketing of digital products.
Sorting specimen‐rich invertebrate samples with cost‐effective NGS barcodes: Validating a reverse workflow for specimen processing
Authors: Wang Wendy Y. , Srivathsan Amrita , Foo Maosheng , Yamane Seiki K. , Meier Rudolf 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBiologists frequently sort specimen‐rich samples to species. This process is daunting when based on morphology, and disadvantageous if performed using molecular methods that destroy vouchers (e.g., metabarcoding). An alternative is barcoding every specimen in a bulk sample and then presorting the specimens using DNA barcodes, thus mitigating downstream morphological work on presorted units. Such a “reverse workflow” is too expensive using Sanger sequencing, but we here demonstrate that is feasible with an next‐generation sequencing (NGS) barcoding pipeline that allows for cost‐effective high‐throughput generation of short specimen‐specific barcodes (313 bp of COI; laboratory cost <$0.50 per specimen) through next‐generation sequencing of tagged amplicons. We applied our approach to a large sample of tropical ants, obtaining barcodes for 3,290 of 4,032 specimens (82%). NGS barcodes and their corresponding specimens were then sorted into molecular operational taxonomic units (mOTUs) based on objective clustering and Automated Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD). High diversity of 88–90 mOTUs (4% clustering) was found and morphologically validated based on preserved vouchers. The mOTUs were overwhelmingly in agreement with morphospecies (match ratio 0.95 at 4% clustering). Because of lack of coverage in existing barcode databases, only 18 could be accurately identified to named species, but our study yielded new barcodes for 48 species, including 28 that are potentially new to science. With its low cost and technical simplicity, the NGS barcoding pipeline can be implemented by a large range of laboratories. It accelerates invertebrate species discovery, facilitates downstream taxonomic work, helps with building comprehensive barcode databases and yields precise abundance information.
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with tibial bone pain and tenderness. A possible contributive role
Authors: Babaei Mansour , Esmaeili Jadidi Mehdi , Heidari Behzad , Gholinia Hemmat 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D deficiency is associated with osteomalacia and a variety of musculoskeletal pain. This study aimed to determine the association of vitamin D deficiency with tibial bone pain and tenderness.MethodsPatients with leg pain, defined as local pain and tenderness over tibial bones for ≥ 6 weeks were consecutively selected. Secondary causes of pain were excluded by appropriate clinical, radiological and laboratory examinations. Serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD) was assessed by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay method and levels < 20 ng/mL were considered as deficiency. Age‐ and sex‐matched subjects without leg pain served as controls. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine associations.ResultsOne hundred and eighteen patients and 114 controls aged 46.8 ± 14.8 and 44.6 ± 14.1 years, respectively (P = 0.93) were analyzed. Mean 25‐OHD level was significantly lower (P = 0.001) and the prevalence of 25‐OHD deficiency was significantly higher in the patients as compared with the controls (75.4% vs. 23.6%), odds ratio (OR) = 9.54 (95% CI, 5.22–17.45, P = 0.001). There was a negative dose‐response relationship between serum 25‐OHD and tibial bone pain by OR = 17.33 (95% CI, 6.48–46.3) in subjects with 25‐OHD < 10 ng/mL, and OR = 14.7 (95% CI, 6.35–34.6) in serum 25‐OHD levels at 10–19.9 ng/mL, and OR = 2.58 (95% CI, 1.08–6.1) in those with 25‐OHD at 20–29.9 ng/mL as compared with 25‐OHD ≥ 30 ng/mL. After controlling for demographic and biochemical factors, the association reached a stronger level of 19.8 (6.9–56.3) in subjects with serum 25‐OHD < 10 ng/mL and 14.4 (5.8–34.6) in those with serum 25‐OHD at levels of 10–19.9 ng/mL and 1.85 (0.73–4.6) in 20–29 ng/mL.ConclusionThese findings indicate a possible contributive role for serum 25‐OHD deficiency in the development of pain and tenderness over the tibial bone.
genotypeR: An integrated r package for single nucleotide polymorphism genotype marker design and data analysis
Authors: Sefick Stephen A. , Castronova Magdalena A. , Stevison Laurie S. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping is an important tool to understand basic and applied questions, such as genomic structure, recombination, introgression, parentage/pedigrees and the genetic basis of traits, among other things. Each of these applications share a similar workflow: marker design, genotyping and data analysis.

In this manuscript, we present genotypeR, a package that implements a common genotyping workflow with a standardized software interface. The genotypeR package is written in r with integration of a marker design pipeline written in Perl.

genotypeR designs SNP genotyping markers from vcf files produced from variant calling of sequence data. These markers are processed before genotyping to ensure that they can be used in downstream analyses. After marker multiplexing suitability has been conducted on the genotyping platform, genotyping is conducted and raw output from the genotyping assay is processed by genotypeR. The primary post‐genotyping functionality includes commonly used QA/QC procedures, genotype conversions, recombination analysis and data export to a popular program that uses genotyping data (rqtl).

genotypeR provides a unified software environment for analysing SNP genotyping data, and will be useful for researchers investigating various research questions, removing the need for individual researchers to write custom software, and facilitating a common workflow.
Prevalence of sarcopenia and associated factors in hospitalised older patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hao Qiukui , Hu Xiaoyi , Xie Linlin , Chen Jing , Jiang Jiaojiao , Dong Birong , Yang Ming 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence and factors associated with sarcopenia in a sample of older inpatients.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in three acute geriatric wards in 2012. Sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia.ResultsWe included 407 patients aged 81.0 ± 8.0 years. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 31% in the whole study population. Multiple logistic regression showed that being a female (odds ratio (OR) 4.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.45–9.20), smoking (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.26–6.69), cognitive impairment (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.10–3.95), polypharmacy (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.28–4.34) and body mass index (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.68–0.83) were independently associated with sarcopenia.ConclusionSarcopenia was highly prevalent in older inpatients. In addition to factors previously reported to be associated with sarcopenia, we found that polypharmacy was associated with sarcopenia. As the direction of causality remains uncertain, these relationships deserve further study.
Laparoscopic appendectomy during the third trimester: Case presentation and literature review
Authors: Iwamura Sena , Hashida Hiroki , Yoh Tomoaki , Kitano Shoichi , Mizumoto Motoko , Kitamura Koji , Kondo Masato , Kobayashi Hiroyuki , Kaihara Satoshi , Hosotani Ryo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAcute appendicitis is the most common general surgical problem encountered during pregnancy. Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is widely accepted as a minimally invasive procedure for acute appendicitis. However, LA during the third trimester is associated with problems, including technical difficulty, risk of preterm delivery, and fetal loss. We successfully managed three cases of LA during the third trimester between 2011 and 2016. None of the cases required conversion to an open procedure, and none of the patients had postoperative complications and/or fetal loss. We reviewed the literature using the PubMED database from 2007 to 2016 to acquire further evidence and identified 6 reports and 17 cases. The conversion rate was 11.8% (2 cases), the complication rate was 6.67% (1 case), and the preterm delivery rate was 20% (3 cases); no fetal loss was observed. Our study and literature review highlights the role of LA as a potentially feasible treatment approach for appendicitis during the third trimester.
Fixed dosing of intravenous tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis. Results from a population pharmacokinetic analysis
Authors: Bastida Carla , Ruiz‐Esquide Virginia , Pascal Mariona , de Vries Schultink Aurelia H. M. , Yagüe Jordi , Sanmartí Raimon , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Soy Dolors 
Published: January 2018

AimsIntravenous tocilizumab is currently dosed on body weight, although a weak correlation between body weight and clearance has been described. The aim of the study was to assess the current dosing strategy and provide a scientific rational for dosing using a modelling and simulation approach.MethodsSerum concentrations and covariates were obtained from intravenous tocilizumab treated subjects at a dose of 4, 6 or 8 mg every 28 days. A population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using nonlinear mixed effects modelling. The final model was used to simulate tocilizumab exposure to assess a dosing strategy based on body weight or fixed dosing, using as target a cumulative area under the curve at 24 weeks of treatment above 100 × 103 μg h ml–1.ResultsA one‐compartment disposition model with parallel linear and nonlinear elimination best described the concentration–time data. The typical population mean values for clearance, apparent volume of distribution, maximum elimination rate and Michaelis–Menten constant were 0.0104 l h–1, 4.83 l, 0.239 mg h–1 and 4.22 μg ml–1, respectively. Interindividual variability was included for clearance (17.0%) and volume of distribution (30.8%). Significant covariates for clearance were patient body weight and C‐reactive protein serum levels. An estimated exponent for body weight of 0.360 confirms the weak relationship with tocilizumab clearance. Simulations demonstrate that patients with lower weights are at risk of underdosing if the weight‐based dosing approach is used. However, fixed‐dosing provides a more consistent drug exposure regardless of weight category.ConclusionsOur study provides evidence to support fixed dosing of intravenous tocilizumab in rheumatoid arthritis patients since it reduces variability in tocilizumab exposure among weight categories compared to the current weight‐based dosing approach.
Pulsatility of glucocorticoid hormones in pregnancy: Changes with gestation and obesity
Authors: Stirrat Laura I. , Walker Jamie J. , Stryjakowska Ksenia , Jones Natalie , Homer Natalie Z. M. , Andrew Ruth , Norman Jane E. , Lightman Stafford L. , Reynolds Rebecca M. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryObjectiveHypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis (HPA) activity is decreased in obese pregnancy and associates with increased foetal size. Pulsatile release of glucocorticoid hormones regulates their action in target tissues. Glucocorticoids are essential for normal foetal growth, but little is known about glucocorticoid pulsatility in pregnancy. We aimed to investigate the ultradian rhythm of glucocorticoid secretion during obese and lean pregnancy and nonpregnancy.DesignSerum cortisol, cortisone, corticosterone and 11‐dehydrocorticosterone were measured by LC‐MS/MS from samples obtained at 10‐minute intervals between 08.00‐11.00 hours and 16.00‐19.00 hours, from 8 lean (BMI <25 kg/m2) and 7 obese (BMI > 35 kg/m2) pregnant women between 16‐24 weeks gestation and again at 30‐36 weeks), and nonpregnant controls (lean n = 3, obese n = 4) during the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle. Interstitial fluid cortisol was measured by ELISA, from samples obtained using a portable microdialysis and automated collection device at 20‐minute intervals over 24 hours.ResultsSerum cortisol AUC, highest peak and lowest trough increased significantly with gestation in lean and obese pregnant compared with nonpregnant subjects. Pulsatility of cortisol was detected in interstitial fluid. In pregnant subjects, interstitial fluid pulse frequency was significantly lower with advancing gestation in obese, but not in lean.ConclusionsWe demonstrate cortisol pulsatility in interstitial fluid. Pulse frequency is altered with increased gestation and BMI. This may be a novel mechanism to explain decreased HPA activity in obese pregnancy.
Evaluation of bone stimulation by different designs of microthreaded implants in enhancing osseointegration: An in vivo animal study supported by a numerical analysis
Authors: Kumararama Sindhu Sudhakar , Mishra Sunil , Chowdhary Ramesh 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAn optimal shape of the thread design of the implants is required for equal distribution of stresses to the surrounding bone matrix and for stimulation and promotion of bone remodeling.PurposeThe study was construed with the aim of histomorphometric evaluation of bone stimulation generated by different microthread designed implants in enhancing osseointegration, and to assess the pattern of stress dissipation through a two‐dimensional finite element analysis.Materials and MethodsComputer Aided Designing of two type of microthreads, one V‐shaped and the other Power‐shaped microthreaded dental implants with only microthreads all along body of the implant from the neck to the apex was made and 30 implant prototypes were milled. Two‐dimensional finite elemental analysis (FEA) was carried out to assess the pattern of stress distribution in the bone around these implant designs and for In vivo study 24 implant prototypes were placed in rabbits tibia and femur, out of which 12 were with V‐shaped microthreads and the other 12 were with Power‐shaped microthreads. Histomorphometric analysis was carried out of the sections obtained from the enbloc specimen retrieved from the sacrificed rabbits.ResultsFEA showed less stress around the V‐shaped microthreaded implant model when compared to Power‐shaped microthreaded implant model. Hitomorphometry showed statistical significance difference in new bone volume (BV) and Total BV for V‐shaped microthreaded prototype implant.ConclusionsV‐shaped microthreaded dental implant design can be preferred over Power‐shaped microthreaded dental implant for proper stress distribution and for promoting osseointegration.
IT‐mediated social interactions and knowledge sharing: Role of competence‐based trust and background heterogeneity
Authors: Qureshi Israr , Fang Yulin , Haggerty Nicole , Compeau Deborah R. , Zhang Xiaojie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn the knowledge‐based economy, organizational success is dependent on how effectively organizational employees share information. Many studies have investigated how different types of communication activities and communications media influence knowledge sharing. We contribute to this literature by examining increasingly prevalent yet understudied IT‐mediated social interactions and their effects on knowledge sharing among employees in comparison to face‐to‐face social connections. By integrating the literature on knowledge sharing, social networks, and information systems, we theorize the ability of IT‐mediated social interaction to (1) afford interactions between individuals with heterogeneous backgrounds and (2) facilitate frequent IT‐mediated social interactions that are high in competence‐based trust—both supporting effective sharing of knowledge. Through a social network analysis of the employees in a high‐tech organization, this study finds that IT‐mediated frequent social interactions are the most effective in promoting knowledge sharing.
Outcomes of endoscopic and microscopic transsphenoidal surgery on non‐functioning pituitary adenomas: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Shi‐Yuan , Du Qiu , Yao Si‐Yuan , Zhang Ke‐Nan , Wang Jian , Zhu Zhe , Jiang Xiao‐Bing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBoth microscopic and endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery are effective approaches for nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. The issue on the comparison of their efficacy and safety remains inconsistent. A thorough search of the literatures (PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE) were performed up to March 2017. Studies reporting outcomes of microscopic or endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery on nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas were included. A meta‐analysis was performed focusing on the early stage and long term outcomes. The final search yielded 19 eligible studies enrolling 3847 patients, 389 of them underwent microscopic approach and 3458 of them with endoscopic approach. As to the early stage outcomes, the rate of gross tumor resection was significantly higher in the endoscopic group than that in microscopic group (73% versus 60%, P < 0.001). Meanwhile, endoscopic approach showed priority over microscopy on postoperative hypopituitarism (63% versus 65%, P < 0.001) and CSF leakage (3% versus 7%, P < 0.001). For the long term outcomes, the rate of visual improvement was significant higher in the endoscopic group than that in microscopic group (77% versus 50%, P < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the groups regarding the rate of permanent diabetic insipidus and meningitis. The endoscopic approach may be associated with higher rate of gross tumor movement and lower risk of postoperatively complications for treating nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma, when compared with microscopic approach. However, the confidence was shorted due to limited high quality evidence (largely randomized and controlled studies).
Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of TPH1 and TPH2 genes, and depressive disorders
Authors: Wigner Paulina , Czarny Piotr , Synowiec Ewelina , Bijak Michał , Białek Katarzyna , Talarowska Monika , Galecki Piotr , Szemraj Janusz , Sliwinski Tomasz 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTryptophan catabolites pathway disorders are observed in patients with depression. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms of tryptophan hydroxylase genes may modulate the risk of depression occurrence. The objective of our study was to confirm the association between the presence of polymorphic variants of TPH1 and TPH2 genes, and the development of depressive disorders. Six polymorphisms were selected: c.804‐7C>A (rs10488682), c.‐1668T>A (rs623580), c.803+221C>A (rs1800532), c.‐173A>T (rs1799913)—TPH1, c.‐1449C>A (rs7963803), and c.‐844G>T (rs4570625)—TPH2. A total of 510 DNA samples (230 controls and 280 patients) were genotyped using TaqMan probes. Among the studied polymoorphisms, the G/G genotype and G allele of c.804‐7C>A—TPH1, the T/T homozygote of c.803+221C>A—TPH1, the A/A genotype and A allele of c.1668T>A—TPH1, the G/G homozygote and G allele of c.‐844G>T—TPH2, and the C/A heterozygote and A allele of c.‐1449C>A—TPH2 were associated with the occurrence of depression. However, the T/T homozygote of c.‐1668T>A—TPH1, the G/T heterozygote and T allele of c.‐844G>T—TPH2, and the C/C homozygote and C allele of c.‐1449C>A—TPH2 decreased the risk of development of depressive disorders. Each of the studied polymorphisms modulated the risk of depression for selected genotypes and alleles. These results support the hypothesis regarding the involvement of the pathway in the pathogenesis of depression.