bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixed messages, mixed outcomes: the effects of reconciliation and retaliation story endings on aggression
Authors: Ridge Robert D. , Dresden Brooke E. , Farley Felicia L. , Hawk Christopher E. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of reconciliation and retaliation story endings on subsequent aggressive affect and behavior.Design/methodology/approachParticipants took part in two ostensibly unrelated studies. The first involved reading a violent story, attributed to a biblical or secular source, which ended in either brutal retaliation or peaceful reconciliation. They then took part in a second study in which they completed measures of aggressive affect and behavior.FindingsParticipants told that their stories came from a secular source experienced a more aggressive affect than those told that their stories came from a biblical source. In terms of behavioral aggression, a significant difference in effect of the story ending on males and females emerged. Females who read the reconciliation ending had lower levels of behavioral aggression than females who read the retaliation ending. Conversely, males who read the reconciliation ending had higher levels of behavioral aggression than males who read the retaliation ending.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings suggest that media depictions of prosocial reactions to unprovoked aggression may not reduce aggression in men.Practical implicationsResults are discussed in terms of moral values espoused by women and men and suggest that anti-violence messages may be strengthened to the extent they address the values important to both.Originality/valueThis study extends research on violent media exposure to a burgeoning literature on reading violent content.
Information and knowledge processes as a knowledge management framework in health care
Authors: Känsäkoski Helena 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
Effective knowledge management (KM) enables the health care organisations to reach their goals. In modern health care the empowered patients are active partners, whose preferences, needs and values should be taken into account. Shared decision making (SDM) aims at involving the patient and the health professionals as equal partners in care. The purpose of this paper is to present a new model of health care information and knowledge processes (IKPs) as a KM framework. The aim is to scrutinise what types of knowing can be identified the IKPs and how do the knowledge processes support SDM. The role of patients in the IKPs is discussed.

Design/methodology/approach
The qualitative case study was conducted in two Finnish university hospital districts in integrated care pathways of childhood obesity. In total, 30 professionals and three mothers and children were interviewed 2009-2011 and the findings were supported with a survey (n=13) and document material.

Findings
The findings indicate that the patients and families involvement in the IKPs is modest. This implies that SDM is not completely fulfilled which may affect the families commitment to positive lifestyle changes.

Research limitations/implications
The data of the patients and families were limited due to the challenges with recruitment.

Practical implications
The detailed IKP model enables the health organisations to scrutinise their own IKPs and to identify the shortages in order to change practices.

Originality/value
This paper presents a new model of health care KM which recognises the patients as active partners.
Affect account of disposition effect and consequences for stock prices
Authors: Gärling Tommy , Blomman Mary , Carle Tim Alexander 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present an affect account that identifies emotions driving sell preferences in stock markets that result in the disposition effect (winning stocks hold too short and losing stocks too long) and to specify how stock prices are influenced.

Design/methodology/approach
The affect account is derived based on analyses of previous research showing the disposition effect, proposed explanations of the effect, and basic emotion research. An individual-level analysis is performed of the consequences for stock market prices.

Findings
The main proposal is that investors prefer to sell when price increases make the increasing balance of hope and fear equal to a faster increasingly balance of anticipated elation and disappointment, and when price decreases make the faster increasingly negative hope-fear balance equal to the increasing negative elation-disappointment balance. Steepness in slope of the negative hope-fear balance accounts for whether a loser is never sold (an extreme disposition effect), sold later than a winning stock (the usually observed disposition effect), or sold earlier than a winning stock (a reverse disposition effect). The individual-level analysis suggests that the affect-driven disposition effect would intensify or attenuate trends in stock prices depending on the demand-supply balance.

Originality/value
A conceptual contribution to research of emotion influences on stock trading and specifically to explanations of the disposition effect on sell decisions by less sophisticated and experienced investors.
Quantifying Sexual Dimorphism in the Human Cranium: A Preliminary Analysis of a Novel Method
Authors: Casado Ana M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn forensic anthropology, sexually dimorphic cranial features are traditionally visually assessed and scored using an ordinal scale, which is highly subjective. This study quantifies six cranial features using original three‐dimensional coordinate measurements to provide greater accuracy in sex estimation. Cranial features include supraorbital ridges, glabella, external occipital protuberance, nuchal protuberances, mastoid processes, and frontal bosses. Measurements were taken using coordinate calipers from 158 White and Black male and female crania from the Maxwell Documented Collection at University of New Mexico and Tennessee's Bass Collection. Overall, 72.2% of the crania were correctly classified. Males were correctly classified 69.9% of the time, while females were correctly classified 74.7% of the time. The overall value is similar to the results from traditional methods and suggests this method may be just as reliable as established visual sex estimation techniques.
Influenza‐associated delays in patient throughput and premature patient departure in emergency departments in New South Wales, Australia: A time series analysis
Authors: Muscatello David J , Bein Kendall J , Dinh Michael M 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesInfluenza outbreaks cause overcrowding in EDs. We aimed to quantify the impact of influenza on the National Emergency Access Targets and premature patient departure in New South Wales, Australia.MethodsThis was a retrospective observational study of 11 million presentations to 115 hospitals during 2010–2014, using routinely collected administrative records. A time series generalised additive regression model was used to assess the correlation between weekly influenza activity and the weekly proportion of patients leaving the ED in >4 h and the proportion that departed before commencing or completing treatment (‘did not wait’), after controlling for background winter and holiday effects.ResultsDuring 2011–2014, peak annual circulating influenza was associated with the peak weekly proportion of presentations that left in >4 h. The maximum estimated absolute weekly change in that proportion was 3.88 (95% confidence interval 3.02–4.74) percentage points in 2014. For presentations that did not wait, influenza circulation was associated with statistically significant increases in all years, with a maximum weekly value of 2.68 (95% confidence interval 2.31–3.06) percentage points in 2012.ConclusionsCirculating influenza was associated with sustained increases and peaks in delayed patient throughput and premature patient departures. Influenza surveillance information may assist with development of health system and hospital workforce planning and bed management activities.
Protective role of physical activity on type 2 diabetes: Analysis of effect modification by race–ethnicity
Authors: Boyer William R. , Churilla James R. , Ehrlich Samantha F. , Crouter Scott E. , Hornbuckle Lyndsey M. , Fitzhugh Eugene C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundIt is well known physical activity (PA) plays a role in the prevention of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the extent to which PA may affect T2D risk among different race–ethnic groups is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to systematically examine the effect modification of race–ethnicity on PA and T2D.MethodsThe PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched through June 2016. Study assessment for inclusion was conducted in three phases: title review (n = 13 022), abstract review (n = 2200), and full text review (n = 265). In all, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria and were used in the analysis. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted and analyzed using Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis software. All analyses used a random‐effects model.ResultsA significant protective summary RR, comparing the most active group with the least active PA group, was found for non‐Hispanic White (RR 0.71, 95% CI 0.60–0.85), Asians (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67–0.85), Hispanics (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.64–0.89), and American Indians (RR 0.73, 95% CI 0.60–0.88). The summary effect for non‐Hispanic Blacks (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.76–1.08) was not significant.ConclusionsThe results of the present study indicate that PA (comparing most to least active groups) provides significant protection from T2D, with the exception of non‐Hispanic Blacks. The results also indicate a need for race–ethnicity‐specific reporting of RRs in prospective cohort studies that incorporate multiethnic samples.
PipeCraft: Flexible open‐source toolkit for bioinformatics analysis of custom high‐throughput amplicon sequencing data
Authors: Anslan Sten , Bahram Mohammad , Hiiesalu Indrek , Tedersoo Leho 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHigh‐throughput sequencing methods have become a routine analysis tool in environmental sciences as well as in public and private sector. These methods provide vast amount of data, which need to be analysed in several steps. Although the bioinformatics may be applied using several public tools, many analytical pipelines allow too few options for the optimal analysis for more complicated or customized designs. Here, we introduce PipeCraft, a flexible and handy bioinformatics pipeline with a user‐friendly graphical interface that links several public tools for analysing amplicon sequencing data. Users are able to customize the pipeline by selecting the most suitable tools and options to process raw sequences from Illumina, Pacific Biosciences, Ion Torrent and Roche 454 sequencing platforms. We described the design and options of PipeCraft and evaluated its performance by analysing the data sets from three different sequencing platforms. We demonstrated that PipeCraft is able to process large data sets within 24 hr. The graphical user interface and the automated links between various bioinformatics tools enable easy customization of the workflow. All analytical steps and options are recorded in log files and are easily traceable.
Hashimoto thyroiditis, anti‐thyroid antibodies and systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Posselt Rayana T. , Coelho Vinícius N. , Skare Thelma L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo study the prevalence of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), anti‐thyroid autoantibodies (anti‐thyroglobulin or TgAb and thyroperoxidase or TPOAb) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. To analyze if associated HT, TgAb and/or TPOAb influence clinical or serological profiles, disease activity and/or its cumulative damage.MethodsThree hundred and one SLE patients and 141 controls were studied for thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxin, TgAb and TPOAb by chemiluminescence and immunometric assays. Patients’ charts were reviewed for serological and clinical profiles. Activity was measured by SLE Disease Activity Index and cumulative damage by Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index for SLE. SLE patients were divided into: (i) with HT; (ii) with anti‐thyroid antibodies but without HT; and (iii) without HT and without anti‐thyroid antibodies, and were then compared. Furthermore, SLE patients were compared according to the number of positive anti‐thyroid antibodies.ResultsHashimoto thyroiditis prevalence in SLE was 12.6% and 5.6% in controls (P = 0.02; odds ratio = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.09–5.2). Lupus patients with HT had less malar rash (P = 0.02) and more anti‐Sm (P = 0.04). Anti‐Sm was more common in those with two anti‐thyroid antibodies than in those with one or negative. The presence of HT or the number of positive autoantibodies did not associate either with disease activity (P = 0.95) or with cumulative damage (P = 0.98).ConclusionThere is a two‐fold increased risk of HT in SLE patients. Anti‐Sm antibodies favor this association and also double antibody positivity. Disease activity and cumulative damage are not related to HT or with autoantibodies.
Efficacy and safety of secukinumab in Asian patients with active ankylosing spondylitis: 52‐week pooled results from two phase 3 studies
Authors: Wei James C.‐C. , Baeten Dominique , Sieper Joachim , Deodhar Atul , Bhosekar Vaishali , Martin Ruvie , Porter Brian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate efficacy and safety of secukinumab in Asian patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) via a pooled subgroup analysis from two phase 3 studies, MEASURE 1 (NCT01358175) and MEASURE 2 (NCT01649375).MethodsIn MEASURE 1, patients were randomized to intravenous secukinumab 10 mg/kg or placebo at baseline, Weeks 2 and 4, followed by subcutaneous (s.c.) secukinumab 150 mg, 75 mg or placebo every 4 weeks (q4w) at Week 8. In MEASURE 2, patients were randomized to s.c. secukinumab 150 mg, 75 mg or placebo at baseline, Weeks 1, 2 and 3, and q4w starting at Week 4. Efficacy outcomes were SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) 20/40, high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hsCRP), ASAS5/6, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Short Form‐36 physical component summary, AS quality of life (QoL), ASAS partial remission, and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score – CRP at Weeks 16 and 52. Due to lack of efficacy, the secukinumab 75 mg dose in MEASURE 2 was excluded from this pooled Asian subgroup analysis. Safety analysis included patients who received ≥ 1 dose of study treatment.ResultsOf 517 patients enrolled into the MEASURE studies, 69 (13.3%) were Asians: 46 in pooled secukinumab and 23 in placebo. At Week 16, ASAS20/40 responses in Asian patients were 69.6%/43.5% with pooled secukinumab versus 26.1%/17.4% with placebo, which were comparable with rates reported in the overall study population. Secukinumab improved predefined efficacy endpoints at Week 16, with responses sustained through Week 52. Secukinumab was well tolerated in Asian patients, with a safety profile consistent with that reported in the overall study population.ConclusionSecukinumab improved signs and symptoms, physical function, and disease‐specific QoL in Asian patients with active AS.
A survey on the beliefs and knowledge of gout management in new medical graduates ‐ New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Terrill Matthew , Riordan John 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo assess the beliefs and knowledge of gout management in new medical graduates.MethodA survey on gout management was sent to new medical graduates during their orientation week, New South Wales, Australia.ResultsOf 15 hospital networks, 11 agreed to participate. From these, 168 graduates responded (23.7% response rate). Most (81.1%) felt that gout was a serious disease, 51.2% answered that they had been taught adequately to manage acute gout, only 37.2% for chronic gout. In an acute gout flare, 63.4% answered they would continue urate lowering therapy and 67.2% were aware of first‐line pharmacological management options; 28% answered the correct dosing regimen for colchicine. Chronic management was answered poorly. Only 42.0% stated they would titrate allopurinol dosing to a target urate level; 23.5% would check the urate level monthly. More than half, 56.8%, were aware that medical prophylaxis is indicated when initiating urate lowering therapy. Of this subgroup, 46.7% (25.9% overall) knew that non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and colchicine were recommended and 28.4% (15.4% overall) answered the correct timeframe of use. Close to one‐third (35.0%), were aware of febuxostat, probenecid and benzbromarone as second‐line urate lowering therapy.ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest that new graduates’ knowledge of gout management, especially chronic management, is suboptimal. Many felt their teaching on gout management inadequate; this is a potential target for intervention. Up to date university education which covers chronic management may lead to better clinical outcomes for this burdensome disease.
Estimating occupancy and abundance using aerial images with imperfect detection
Authors: Williams Perry J. , Hooten Mevin B. , Womble Jamie N. , Bower Michael R. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Species distribution and abundance are critical population characteristics for efficient management, conservation, and ecological insight. Point process models are a powerful tool for modelling distribution and abundance, and can incorporate many data types, including count data, presence‐absence data, and presence‐only data. Aerial photographic images are a natural tool for collecting data to fit point process models, but aerial images do not always capture all animals that are present at a site. Methods for estimating detection probability for aerial surveys usually include collecting auxiliary data to estimate the proportion of time animals are available to be detected.

We developed an approach for fitting point process models using an N‐mixture model framework to estimate detection probability for aerial occupancy and abundance surveys. Our method uses multiple aerial images taken of animals at the same spatial location to provide temporal replication of sample sites. The intersection of the images provide multiple counts of individuals at different times. We examined this approach using both simulated and real data of sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Glacier Bay National Park, southeastern Alaska.

Using our proposed methods, we estimated detection probability of sea otters to be 0.76, the same as visual aerial surveys that have been used in the past. Further, simulations demonstrated that our approach is a promising tool for estimating occupancy, abundance, and detection probability from aerial photographic surveys.

Our methods can be readily extended to data collected using unmanned aerial vehicles, as technology and regulations permit. The generality of our methods for other aerial surveys depends on how well surveys can be designed to meet the assumptions of N‐mixture models.
Contribution of spatial heterogeneity in effective population sizes to the variance in pairwise measures of genetic differentiation
Authors: Prunier Jérôme G. , Dubut Vincent , Chikhi Lounès , Blanchet Simon 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Pairwise measures of neutral genetic differentiation are supposed to contain information about past and ongoing dispersal events and are thus often used as dependent variables in correlative analyses to elucidate how neutral genetic variation is affected by landscape connectivity. However, spatial heterogeneity in the intensity of genetic drift, stemming from variations in population sizes, may inflate variance in measures of genetic differentiation and lead to erroneous or incomplete interpretations in terms of connectivity. Here, we tested the efficiency of two distance‐based metrics designed to capture the unique influence of spatial heterogeneity in local drift on genetic differentiation. These metrics are easily computed from estimates of effective population sizes or from environmental proxies for local carrying capacities, and allow us to introduce the hypothesis of Spatial‐Heterogeneity‐in‐Effective‐Population‐Sizes (SHNe). SHNe can be tested in a way similar to isolation‐by‐distance or isolation‐by‐resistance within the classical landscape genetics hypothesis‐testing framework.

We used simulations under various models of population structure to investigate the reliability of these metrics to quantify the unique contribution of SHNe in explaining patterns of genetic differentiation. We then applied these metrics to an empirical genetic dataset obtained for a freshwater fish (Gobio occitaniae).

Simulations showed that SHNe explained up to 60% of variance in genetic differentiation (measured as Fst) in the absence of gene flow, and up to 20% when migration rates were as high as 0.10. Furthermore, one of the two metrics was particularly robust to uncertainty in the estimation of effective population sizes (or proxies for carrying capacity). In the empirical dataset, the effect of SHNe on spatial patterns of Fst was five times higher than that of isolation‐by‐distance, uniquely contributing to 41% of variance in pairwise Fst. Taking the influence of SHNe into account also allowed decreasing the signal‐to‐noise ratio, and improving the upper estimate of effective dispersal distance.

We conclude that the use of SHNe metrics in landscape genetics will substantially improve the understanding of evolutionary drivers of genetic variation, providing substantial information as to the actual drivers of patterns of genetic differentiation in addition to traditional measures of Euclidean distance or landscape resistance.
Cutaneous bacteria, but not peptides, are associated with chytridiomycosis resistance in Peruvian marsupial frogs
Authors: Burkart D. , Flechas S. V. , Vredenburg V. T. , Catenazzi A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAmphibians are a highly threatened vertebrate group, and populations of these animals have declined drastically. An important global threat to amphibians is the pathogenic fungusBatrachochytrium dendrobatidis(Bd), which causes the disease chytridiomycosis. However, not all species develop chytridiomycosis when exposed to Bd. We compared susceptibility to disease in two species of marsupial frogs and found thatGastrotheca nebulanastesis susceptible, whereas its congenericG. excubitoris resistant. Since Bd is a skin pathogen, it is possible that cutaneous defenses like symbiotic bacteria and antimicrobial peptides protect the resistant species. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the anti‐Bd abilities of cutaneous defenses between the twoGastrothecaspecies. Cultivable bacteria and peptides were isolated from the skin and tested for their abilities to inhibit Bd within vitroco‐culture assays. Twenty‐six bacteria were identified by sequencing their 16S rRNA gene and 19 peptides were profiled by MALDI TOF mass spectrometry. We found that bacteria, but not peptides, differed between the two species in their ability to inhibit Bd growth. The resistantG. excubitorharbored more isolates of cultivable anti‐Bd bacteria both in number and proportion (6/15 vs. 1/11). Also, the one anti‐Bd isolate fromG. nebulanastesdemonstrated the weakest ability to inhibit Bd growth. Our results highlight the importance of anti‐Bd skin bacteria in providing frog species with protection from Bd and can inform mitigation strategies for other wildlife diseases.