bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of Acidity and Temperature of the Rumen and Abomasum in Diagnosing SARA in Dairy Cows after Calving
Authors: Antanaitis R. , Žilaitis V. , Juozaitiene V. , Stoškus R. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between the acidity and temperature of the contents of the reticulorumen and abomasum in the first 10 days after calving and to evaluate these factors as predictive traits for the diagnosis of subclinical acidosis.
The acidity and temperature of the contents of the reticulorumen and abomasum were measured using specific smaXtec boluses manufactured for animal care. According to the directions of the manufacturer, the boluses were inserted into the reticulorumen of the cows researched with the help of a specific tool. The boluses were inserted into the abomasa by way of surgery, laparotomy and abomasotomy through the right flank. The readings of 7 cows were taken on a total of 10 days, twice a day (at 9 a.m. and at 9 p.m.). In total, 140 measurements were taken.
The acidity of the reticulorumen is associated with the acidity of the abomasum. The acidity of the rumen increases, if the acidity of the reticulorumen increases also. A negative correlation was observed between the pH of the contents of the abomasum and this temperature. The increase in the acidity (decrease of pH) of the contents of the reticulorumen increases its temperature and also increases the temperature of the contents of the abomasum. There is a positive statistically significant dependence between the reticulorumen content temperature and the rectal temperature.
Through measurement of the ruminoreticular temperature, it is possible to predict the health status of a cow’s stomach in regard to acidosis.
Cyclosporin A Treatment in Intrinsic Canine Atopic Dermatitis (Atopic-like Dermatitis): Open Trial Study
Authors: Fujimura M. , Nakatsuji Y. , Ishimaru H. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this study, dogs were separated into two groups and treated with immunosuppressant (Cyclosporin A: CsA). The first group was the canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) group, which is similar to extrinsic atopic dermatitis (AD) in humans (treated with a CsA dose of 2.5-5.5 mg/kg, n=8), and the second group was the canine atopic-like dermatitis (ALD) group, which is similar to intrinsic AD in humans (treated with a CsA dose of 2.5-6.5 mg/kg, n=14). The canine atopic dermatitis extent and severity index (CADESI)-4 was evaluated before treatment (PRE) and after treatment (POST) to assess the effectiveness of CsA for the two groups. In the CAD group, CADESI-4 showed no change (PRE:79±29, POST:77±28) and out of the eight dogs, no dogs showed complete remission, three dogs showed partial remission, and five dogs showed no effect. Whereas in the ALD group, CADESI-4 showed a significant reduction (PRE: 61±42, POST: 32±25, p<0.01) and out of the 14 dogs, 11 dogs showed complete remission, two dogs showed partial remission, and one dog showed no effect. The results indicate that the immunosuppressant showed effectiveness for the dogs diagnosed with ALD. One dog had to be treated for a year and eight months, which was the longest period in the study, this dog presented with hyperplasia of the lymphoidgland and mammary tumor.
Comparison of Fecal Egg Counts and ELISA for the Diagnosis of Dicrocoelium Dendriticum Infection
Authors: Naeemipour M. , Hashemitabar Gh.R. , Dastjerdi K. , Mojaver M. Jamshidian , Mohammadi H.R. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
From economical point of view, Dicrocoelium Dendriticum (D. dendriticum) causes a lot of damages to the livestock industry annually. So, the rapid diagnosis of infection is very important. The diagnosis is based on egg per count of feces (EPG) test because detection according to clinical symptoms is difficult. Since EPG is not accurate and sensitive, the serological methods become important for the diagnosis of this parasite as they are more accurate in comparison to EPG test and they are able to diagnose infection in a short time. In this study, somatic and Excretory-secretory antigens (EsAg) were isolated. The ELISA test was set up according to positive and negative sera and the results which were obtained compared to those obtained by the EPG test. The prevalence of infection in 550 samples by ELISA and EPG methods were 56% and 7% respectively, which shows the significant difference between these methods in examining the rate of infection. Based on the results, the specificity and sensitivity in ELISA test were 95% and 94%, respectively. The results showed that the ELISA is a more reliable test in comparison to EPG test for the rapid diagnosis of D. dendriticum infection.
Serological Survey for RHD Antibodies in Rabbits from Two Types of Rabbit Breeding Farms
Authors: Fitzner A. , Niedbalski W. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSeroprevalence studies of RHDV antibodies in domestic rabbits were conducted between 2008-2014. A total of 12,169 sera from the provinces of central, southern and south-east Poland, including 7,570 samples collected from mixed-breed rabbits reared in smallholder farms and nearly 4,600 sera taken mainly from unvaccinated rabbits kept in industrial farms, were examined using ELISA tests. Additionally, cross-reactivity of selected tested and control archival sera using both classic RHDV and RHDVa antigens was determined by HI assay. The overall seroprevalence was 13.3%. In rabbits with unkown history of immunisation or RHD infection which came from small farms, RHDV antibodies were detected in 6.1% ranging between 1.0% to 17.2% of animals. In rabbits of the same group, but with a declared vaccination status, or confirmed exposure to an infectious virus, or coming from exposed females, the seroprevalence ranged from 83% to 100%. Among unvaccinated meat rabbits aged 71 to 90 days from industrial farms, low (1.85%, 4.17%, 11%), medium (34%, 54%) or high rates (98.7%) of seropositivity were detected. The seroconversion recorded in adult vaccinated females from industrial farms was 70% and 95%. Generally, the antibody levels examined by ELISAs and HI were comparable. However, a number of sera from the rabbits from small farms, as well as archival sera, showed clear differences. Several-fold differences in antibody titers, evidenced mainly in the postoutbreak sera, indictaed the contact of animals with RHDVa antigen. The overall results of the survey revealed a great proportion of seronegative rabbits potentially highly susceptible to RHD infection. In combination with the emergence of a novel pathogenic RHD virus type (RHDV2), it poses a severe risk of a next wave of fatal disease cases spreading in the native population of domestic rabbits, especially in farms with a traditional system of husbandry.
Estradiol Reduces Connexin43 Gap Junctions in the Uterus during Adenomyosis in Cows
Authors: Korzekwa A.J. , Łupicka M. , Socha B.M. , Szczepańska A.A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAdenomyosis is defined as the presence of glandular foci external to the endometrium of the uterus, either in the myometrium or/and perimetrium, depending on the progress of this dysfunction. To date, we showed that steroids secretion and prolactin expression and proliferative processes are disturbed during uterine adenomyosis in cows. During endometriosis in eutopic endometrium in women, gap junctions are down regulated. The transmembrane gap junction protein, connexin (Cx43) is necessary for endometrial morphological, biochemical and angiogenic functions. The aim of this study is recognition of adenomyosis etiology by determination of the role of Cx43 in this process. Immunolocalization and comparison of Cx43 mRNA and protein expression in healthy (N=9) and adenomyotic uterine tissue (N=9), and Cx43 mRNA expression (real time PCR) in uterine stromal – myometrium co-culture under 24-hour stimulation with 17-beta estradiol (10−7M) isolated from healthy (N=5) and adenomyotic (N=5) cows were determined.Cx43 was localized in healthy and adenomyotic uteri. mRNA and protein expression was down-regulated in uterine tissue in adenomyotic compared with healthy cows (p<0.05). Estradiol stimulated Cx43 mRNA expression in myometrial cell culture and co-culture of stromal and myometrial cells in adenomyotic compared with healthy cows (p<0.05). In summary, down-regulation of Cx43 expression in the junction zone might play an important role in pathogenesis of adenomyosis. Estradiol modulates gap junctions during adenomyosis.
Use of Fluorescence Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the Detection of Escherichia coli Adhesion to Pig Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Dai C.H. , Gan L.N. , Qin W.U. , Zi C. , Zhu G.Q. , Wu S.L. , Bao W.B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn efficient and accurate method to testEscherichia coli(E. coli) adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells will contribute to the study of bacterial pathogenesis and the function of genes that encode receptors related to adhesion. This study used the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. qPCR primers were designed from thePILINgene ofE. coliF18ab, F18ac, and K88ac, and the pig β-ACTINgene. Total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fromE. coliand intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2 cells) were used as templates for qPCR. The 2−ΔΔCtformula was used to calculate the relative number of bacteria in cultures of different areas. We found that the relative numbers of F18ab, F18ac, and K88ac that adhered to IPEC-J2 cells did not differ significantly in 6-, 12-, and 24-well culture plates. This finding indicated that there was no relationship between the relative adhesion number ofE. coliand the area of cells, so the method of qPCR could accurately test the relative number ofE. coli. This study provided a convenient and reliable testing method for experiments involvingE. coliadhesion, and also provided innovative ideas for similar detection methods.
Detection of Schmallenberg Virus RNA in Bull Semen in Poland
Authors: Kęsik-Maliszewska J. , Larska M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The detection of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in the breeding bull semen raised the question of the possibility of venereal transmission of SBV which could result in cost-intensive restrictions in the trade of bovine semen. In order to evaluate the presence of SBV RNA in bovine semen, 131 bull semen samples from four locations in Poland collected between 2013 and 2015 were analysed by RT-PCR for viral RNA. SBV RNA was detected in 5.3% of the samples. The study has revealed that application of an appropriate RNA extraction method is crucial to detect virus excretion via semen.
Accuracy of the Soil Sealing Enhancement Product for Poland
Authors: Krówczyńska Małgorzata , Soszyńska Agnieszka , Pabjanek Piotr , Wilk Ewa , Hurbanek Pavol , Rosina Konstantin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Increasing urbanization results in constant enlarging of the artificial area closed to water infiltration. In 2006–2008, the Soil Sealing Enhancement (SSE) database was the part of the GMES Fast Track Service on Land Monitoring. The accuracy of the final product set by the authors should reach at least 85%. Orthorectified high resolution aerial photos of Poland were used to develop reference data constituting 20,000 random samples around the country. In each sample, the points were classified into three possible surface classes: natural, artificial and semi-sealed. Comparison of reference data to original project statistics revealed the values of accuracy, commission and omission errors in the SSE dataset. Although, SSE accuracy in Poland fulfils the criteria set by SSE authors with overall accuracy of 99.5%, the individual analysis for each category reveals many weaknesses. Preliminary interpretation of mistakes leads to the conclusion that the spatial resolution of pictures used in the SSE project is insufficient. In several cases, validation proved that omission errors were made in relation to construction sites or recently constructed buildings. It should be stated that the accuracy of SSE product for Poland should be treated as the maximum value of impervious surfaces.
Microstructure and properties of W-Cu/1Cr18Ni9 steel brazed joint with different Ni-based filler metals
Authors: Zhou Yi , Xia Chunzhi , Yang Jun , Xu Xiangping , Zou Jiasheng 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
W-Cu alloy and 1Cr18Ni9 steel were brazed with NiCrSiBFeTi and NiMnSiCuZr filler metals in a vacuum furnace. The main microstructure of the NiCrSiBFeTi brazing seam region was a Ni-based solid solution of W, Cu, Cr, and Fe dissolved in the Ni phase and intermetallic compounds CrB and TiCr2. The main microstructure of the NiMnSiCuZr brazing seam region was a Ni-based solid solution of Cu, Cr, and Fe dissolved in the Ni phase Fe-based solid solution of Ni, Cu, and Cr dissolved in the Fe phase and intermetallic compounds Mn5Si3, Ni3Si, and Ni7Zr2. The elements Ni, Si, and Ti contained in the NiCrSiBFeTi filler metal and the elements Ni, Mn, and Si contained in the NiMnSiCuZr filler metal were more easily diffused into the interface of W-Cu alloy compared with that of 1Cr18Ni9 steel. The shear strength values of NiCrSiBFeTi joint and NiMnSiCuZr joint were approximately 285 and 249 MPa, respectively, and fracture of the two joints occurred at the interface near the W-Cu alloy side. The fracture morphology of the former was identified as cleavage brittle fracture, and the latter was identified as intergranular brittle fracture.
Shanghai als Zufluchtsort für Juden 1938 bis 1947
Authors: Martin Bernd 
Published: October 2016

Vorspann
Circa 18.000 Juden, vor allem aus Deutschland und Österreich, fanden in Shanghai Zuflucht vor nationalsozialistischer Verfolgung. Als der Zustrom 1938, nach dem sogenannten Anschluss Österreichs und dem Novemberpogrom, einsetzte, befand sich die chinesische Metropole bereits unter japanischer Herrschaft. Tokio ließ sich aber auf die antisemitische Politik der deutschen Alliierten nur sehr begrenzt ein. Das 1943 gebildete Ghetto von Shanghai hatte mit den NS-Ghettos nicht viel gemein. Heimatverlust und Not, aber auch Solidarität und Exotik prägten eine Lebenswelt, die ein Provisorium blieb.
Wissenschaftsförderung aus dem Geist der Gesellschaftspolitik
Authors: Sattler Friederike 
Published: October 2016

Vorspann
Was zeichnete den Rheinischen Kapitalismus aus, der bis heute als Charakteristikum der „alten“ Bundesrepublik Deutschland gilt? Friederike Sattler geht dieser von Historikern nur selten gestellten Frage nach und rückt eine herausragende Figur in den Mittelpunkt: Alfred Herrhausen, der seit 1985 als Sprecher des Vorstands der Deutschen Bank fungierte und 1989 ermordet wurde. Die Autorin arbeitet auf der Basis neuer Quellen die gesellschaftspolitischen Ordnungsvorstellungen des Managers heraus und zeigt am Beispiel der Wissenschaftsförderung auf, wie sich in den schwierigen Jahren nach dem Ende des Nachkriegsbooms ökonomische Leitbilder und soziale Verantwortung zu einem neuen Ansatz verbanden, mit dem der wirtschaftliche Strukturwandel bewältigt werden sollte.
Aktien für alle?
Authors: Heinemann Kieran 
Published: October 2016

Vorspann
Wer von der Eisernen Lady spricht, denkt zumeist an das unnachgiebige Auftreten Margaret Thatchers auf der Bühne der internationalen Politik, an ihre mit harten Bandagen geführten Auseinandersetzungen mit den Gewerkschaften und an ihre Wirtschaftspolitik, die im Zeichen von Privatisierung und Deregulierung dem Neo-Liberalismus zum Durchbruch verhalf. Kieran Heinemann spürt den widersprüchlichen Motiven und den nicht intendierten Folgen des popular capitalism nach, er skizziert die Veränderungen, denen die Börse in den 1980er Jahren unterworfen war, und widmet sich ausführlich einer häufig vergessenen Gruppe von Akteuren im Börsengeschehen, die gleichwohl eine wichtige Zielgruppe der Politik war: die Kleinanleger.
Die unterschätzte Herausforderung
Authors: Bressensdorf Agnes Bresselau von 
Published: October 2016

Vorspann
Der sowjetische Einmarsch in Afghanistan im Dezember 1979 stellte den Westen vor eine Situation, in der es für ihn nur wenige Reaktionsmöglichkeiten gab. Eine Handhabe schien die Unterstützung der islamischen Gegner der sowjetischen Intervention auf der diplomatischen Ebene wie im Guerillakampf vor Ort zu bieten. Dass auch diese Kräfte keineswegs freiheitlichen Prinzipien verpflichtet waren, nahmen pragmatische „Realpolitiker“ in Kauf. Der durch blockpolitische Scheuklappen eingeengt rein instrumentelle Blick auf den politischen Islam sollte sich indes als folgenreiche Fehlperzeption erweisen.
Mit Delegationsreisen Neuland betreten: Befunde und Reflexionen zu einer etablierten Praxis der Außenwirtschaftsförderung aus Bayern und China
Authors: Zademach Hans-Martin , Rimkus Manuel 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Standortagenturen wie Bayern International und Invest in Bavaria organisieren regelmäßig Delegationsreisen, um mittelständischen Unternehmen den Zugang zu Marktwissen und neuen Geschäftskontakten im Ausland zu ermöglichen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt vor dem Hintergrund umfassender qualitativer Erhebungen, u. a. im Rahmen neun solcher state visits des Bayerischen Wirtschaftsministeriums in China, vertiefte Einblicke in diese etablierte, jedoch wissenschaftlich wenig beforschte Praxis der Außenwirtschaftsförderung. Die gewonnen Erkenntnisse legen eine Reihe von feingliedrigen und machtvollen Prozessen vor und hinter den Kulissen von Delegationsreisen offen. In konzeptioneller Hinsicht knüpft der Beitrag an jüngere Arbeiten der wirtschaftsgeographischen Wissensforschung an und ordnet Delegationsreisen in bestehende Systematisierungen von temporären Clustern als Plattformen des inter-organisationalen Wissenstransfers ein.
Lump Solutions for the (3+1)-Dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili Equation
Authors: Liu De-Yin , Tian Bo , Xie Xi-Yang 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this article, we investigate the lump solutions for the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation in (3+1) dimensions that describe the dynamics of plasmas or fluids. Via the symbolic computation, lump solutions for the (3+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation are derived based on the bilinear forms. The conditions to guarantee analyticity and rational localisation of the lump solutions are presented. The lump solutions contain eight parameters, two of which are totally free, and the other six of which need to satisfy the presented conditions. Plots with particular choices of the involved parameters are made to show the lump solutions and their energy distributions.
Longitudinal Study of the Emerging Functional Connectivity Asymmetry of Primary Language Regions during Infancy
Authors: Emerson Robert W. , Gao Wei , Lin Weili 
Published: October 2016

Asymmetry in the form of left-hemisphere lateralization is a striking characteristic of the cerebral regions involved in the adult language network. In this study, we leverage a large sample of typically developing human infants with longitudinal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans to delineate the trajectory of interhemispheric functional asymmetry in language-related regions during the first 2 years of life. We derived the trajectory of interhemispheric functional symmetry of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG), the sensory and visual cortices, and two higher-order regions within the intraparietal sulcus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Longitudinal models revealed a best fit with quadratic age terms and showed significant estimated coefficients of determination for both the IFG (r2= 0.261,p< 0.001) and the STG (r2= 0.142,p< 0.001) regions while all other regions were best modeled by log-linear increases. These inverse-U-shaped functions of the language regions peaked at ∼11.5 months of age, indicating that a transition toward asymmetry began in the second year. This shift was accompanied by an increase in the functional connectivity of these regions within the left hemisphere. Finally, we detected an association between the trajectory of the IFG and language outcomes at 4 years of age (χ2= 10.986,p= 0.011). Our results capture the developmental timeline of the transition toward interhemispheric functional asymmetry during the first 2 years of life. More generally, our findings suggest that increasing interhemispheric functional symmetry in the first year might be a general principle of the developing brain, governing different functional systems, including those that will eventually become lateralized in adulthood.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCross-sectional studies of the language system in early infancy suggest that the basic neural mechanisms are in place even before birth. This study represents the first of its kind, using a large longitudinal sample of infants, to delineate the early language-related transition toward interhemispheric functional asymmetry in the brain using resting-state functional MRI. More generally, our findings suggest that increasing interhemispheric functional symmetry in the first year might be a general principle of the developing brain governing multiple functional systems, including those that will eventually become lateralized in adulthood. Although resting-state functional MRI cannot provide direct insights into the developmental mechanisms of language lateralization, this study reveals language-related functional connectivity changes during infancy, marking critical points in the development of the brain's functional architecture.
MISSION POSSIBLE: USING UBIQUITOUS SOCIAL GOAL SHARING TECHNOLOGY TO PROMOTE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN CHILDREN
Authors: Mackintosh Kelly 
Published: October 2016

The present study investigated the acceptability of a novel ubiquitous socialgoal-sharing intervention aimed at promoting physical activity (PA) in schoolchildren. Methods: Thirty children (18 boys; 10.1±0.3 years; 1.39±0.06 m; 19.85±4.03 kg·m-2) were randomly assigned to ten groups and provided with Fitbit monitors. Video-clips describing mission-based activities were shown on iPads each week, for four consecutive weeks. An LED lighting-strip provided visual feedback on daily group PA levels. Three semistructured group interviews were conducted with 10 children (4 boys, 6 girls; n=2) and two teachers (n=1). Additionally, at baseline and post-intervention, seven-day accelerometry, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF; 20m shuttle run test), anthropometrics and physical selfperceptions were assessed. Data were analysed using a mixed “between-within" analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: Children stated that peers were positive role models and provided encouragement to accomplish the missions. Teachers felt that children’s fitness, teamwork and problem-solving skills considerably improved. Statistical analyses revealed no significant intervention effect (p>0.05), though BMI and waist circumference, and CRF, decreased and increased, respectively. Conclusion: The integration of ubiquitous social goal-sharing technology in schools was well received by teachers and pupils. However, further studies integrating a larger sample size encompassing numerous schools, comparison groups and a longer intervention period with associated follow-up measurements, are warranted to ascertain the feasibility as a low-cost intervention to promote children’s PA levels.