bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence over time and regression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Giorda Carlo , Forlani Gabriele , Manti Roberta , Mazzella Natalia , De Cosmo Salvatore , Rossi Maria Chiara , Nicolucci Antonio , Russo Giuseppina , Di Bartolo Paolo , Ceriello Antonio , Guida Piero ,   the AMD‐Annals Study Group
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis analysis was aimed to assess the incidence, regression, and correlated factors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes, which are poorly known.MethodsNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (defined as fatty liver index [FLI] score ≥ 60) in patients with type 2 diabetes, and related factors was investigated in a nationwide database containing information from the Italian network of diabetes clinics. A 10% variation of FLI was the cut‐off considered in the analyses of a cohort of 5030 patients, which was separately conducted for those who developed, maintained, or recovered from FLI‐assessed NAFLD (FLI‐NAFLD) over a 3‐year period.ResultsAt baseline, FLI‐NAFLD was diagnosed in 61.3% of patients. Within the 3‐year study period, FLI‐NAFLD occurred in 313 patients and remitted in 410. The FLI score remained unchanged in 4307. Body‐mass index (odds ratio, 1.45 95%; confidence interval, 1.35‐1.55), abdominal obesity (2.11; 1.64‐2.72), low HDL cholesterol levels (1.38; 1.02‐1.87), and triglycerides (1.20; 1.12‐1.28) all emerged as notable negative prognostic factors for the development or maintenance of FLI‐NAFLD. The regression rate of FLI‐NAFLD was higher among patients who managed to partially control these factors. Male sex and established organ damage, especially kidney function (1.64; 1.12‐2.42), were independent risk predictors. Unlike other diabetes complications, FLI‐NAFLD was more frequent among younger patients or those with a shorter duration of diabetes.ConclusionsFLI‐assessed NAFLD is a dynamic condition, with about 5% of diabetic patients entering or leaving the status every year. Younger male patients with insulin resistance or organ damage have a higher risk of presenting with FLI‐NAFLD at baseline, developing FLI‐NAFLD within 3 years, and a lower probability of regression.
Rat astrocytes are more supportive for mouse OPC self‐renewal than mouse astrocytes in culture
Authors: Cheng Xuejun , Xie Binghua , Qi Jiajun , Zhao Xiaofeng , Zhang Zunyi , Qiu Mengsheng , Yang Junlin 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTMouse primary oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are increasingly used to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenotype changes in oligodendrocyte differentiation and axonal myelination observed in transgenic or mutant mouse models. However, mouse OPCs are much more difficult to be isolated by the simple dissociation culture of brain tissues than their rat counterparts. To date, the mechanisms underlying the species difference in OPC preparation remain obscure. In this study, we showed that astrocytes from rats have a stronger effect than those from mouse in promoting OPC proliferation and survival in vitro. Mouse astrocytes displayed significantly weaker viability in culture and reduced potential in maintaining OPC self‐renewal, as confirmed by culturing OPCs with conditioned media from rat or mouse astrocytes. These results explained the reason for why stratified cultures of OPCs and astrocytes are difficult to be achieved in mouse CNS tissues. Based on these findings, we adopted inactivated rat astrocytes as feeder cells to support the self‐renewal of mouse cortical OPCs and preparation of high‐purity mouse OPCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 907–916, 2017
The Robo3 receptor, a key player in the development, evolution, and function of commissural systems
Authors: Friocourt François , Chédotal Alain 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTRoundabout receptors are known to mediate Slit‐dependent repulsive signaling. However in vertebrates, mounting evidence suggest that Robo3 is an unconventional Robo receptor regarding both its expression and function. From its initial description, the Robo3 receptor has been tightly associated with the development of specific axons, called commissural, that connect both sides of the nervous system. Many studies using transgenic mouse models showed that Robo3 expression is mandatory for commissural axon guidance to the floor plate. Moreover, mutations in human ROBO3 are responsible for a rare neurological disease in which patients also display midline crossing defects. Robo3 was initially thought to counteract Slit/Robo repulsion. However, recent studies support an alternative model where Robo3 potentiates midline attraction. These studies support a complex, central and multifaceted role of Robo3 in controlling the development of commissural circuits. Furthermore, the analysis of Robo3 evolution in vertebrates points out the specificity of this receptor in the mammalian lineage, suggesting mechanistic and functional divergence of Robo3 in mammals compared to a more traditional function in other vertebrates. Here, we review the current knowledge about Robo3 function, from the regulation of its expression to signaling. We also present evidence for a high variability of Robo3 splice variants in vertebrates. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 876–890, 2017
Cellular reactions and compensatory tissue re‐organization during spontaneous recovery after spinal cord injury in neonatal mice
Authors: Chawla Rishab S. , Züchner Mark , Mastrangelopoulou Maria , Lambert François M. , Glover Joel C. , Boulland Jean‐Luc 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTFollowing incomplete spinal cord injuries, neonatal mammals display a remarkable degree of behavioral recovery. Previously, we have demonstrated in neonatal mice a wholesale re‐establishment and reorganization of synaptic connections from some descending axon tracts (Boulland et al.: PLoS One 8 (2013)). To assess the potential cellular mechanisms contributing to this recovery, we have here characterized a variety of cellular sequelae following thoracic compression injuries, focusing particularly on cell loss and proliferation, inflammation and reactive gliosis, and the dynamics of specific types of synaptic terminals. Early during the period of recovery, regressive events dominated. Tissue loss near the injury was severe, with about 80% loss of neurons and a similar loss of axons that later make up the white matter. There was no sign of neurogenesis, no substantial astroglial or microglial proliferation, no change in the ratio of M1 and M2 microglia and no appreciable generation of the terminal complement peptide C5a. One day after injury the number of synaptic terminals on lumbar motoneurons had dropped by a factor of 2, but normalized by 6 days. The ratio of VGLUT1/2+ to VGAT+ terminals remained similar in injured and uninjured spinal cords during this period. By 24 days after injury, when functional recovery is nearly complete, the density of 5‐HT+ fibers below the injury site had increased by a factor of 2.5. Altogether this study shows that cellular reactions are diverse and dynamic. Pronounced recovery of both excitatory and inhibitory terminals and an increase in serotonergic innervation below the injury, coupled with a general lack of inflammation and reactive gliosis, are likely to contribute to the recovery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 928–946, 2017
Visual experience dependent regulation of neuronal structure and function by histone deacetylase 1 in developing Xenopus tectum in vivo
Authors: Ruan Hangze , Gao Juanmei , Qi Xianjie , Tao Yi , Guo Xia , Guo Zhaoyi , Zheng Lijun , Song Yaling , Liao Yuan , Shen Wanhua 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTHistone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is thought to play pivotal roles in neurogenesis and neurodegeneration. However, the role of HDAC1 in neuronal growth and structural plasticity in the developing brain in vivo remains unclear. Here, we show that in the optic tectum of Xenopus laevis, HDAC1 knockdown dramatically decreased the frequency of AMPAR‐mediated synaptic currents and increased the frequency of GABAAR‐mediated currents, whereas HDAC1 overexpression significantly decreased the frequency of GABAAR‐mediated synaptic currents. Both HDAC1 knockdown and overexpression adversely affected dendritic arbor growth and visual experience‐dependent structural plasticity. Furthermore, HDAC1 knockdown decreased BDNF expression via a mechanism that involves acetylation of specific histone H4 residues at lysine K5. In particular, the deficits in dendritic growth and visually guided avoidance behavior in HDAC1‐knockdown tadpoles could be rescued by acute tectal infusion of BDNF. These results establish a relationship between HDAC1 expression, histone H4 modification and BDNF signaling in the visual‐experience dependent regulation of dendritic growth, structural plasticity and function in intact animals in vivo. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 947–962, 2017
ACR appropriateness criteria® nasal cavity and paranasal sinus cancers
Authors: Siddiqui Farzan , Smith Richard V. , Yom Sue S. , Beitler Jonathan J. , Busse Paul M. , Cooper Jay S. , Hanna Ehab Y. , Jones Christopher U. , Koyfman Shlomo A. , Quon Harry , Ridge John A. , Saba Nabil F. , Worden Francis , Yao Min , Salama Joseph K. ,   Expert Panel on Radiation Oncology – Head and Neck Cancer
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe American College of Radiology (ACR) Appropriateness Criteria are evidence‐based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed annually by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and revision include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer‐reviewed journals and the application of well‐established methodologies (RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation or GRADE) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures for specific clinical scenarios. In those instances where evidence is lacking or equivocal, expert opinion may supplement the available evidence to recommend imaging or treatment. Here, we present the Appropriateness Criteria for cancers arising in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (maxillary, sphenoid, and ethmoid sinuses). This includes clinical presentation, prognostic factors, principles of management, and treatment outcomes. Controversies regarding management of cervical lymph nodes are discussed. Rare and unusual nasal cavity cancers, such as esthesioneuroblastoma and sinonasal undifferentiated carcinomas, are included. © 2016 American College of Radiology. Head Neck, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 407–418, 2017
Cardiovascular risk and prevention in patients with head and neck cancer treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Okoye Christian C. , Bucher Jessica , Tatsuoka Curtis , Parikh Sahil A. , Oliveira Guilherme H. , Gibson Michael K. , Machtay Mitchell , Yao Min , Zender Chad A. , Dorth Jennifer A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe underlying contributors to cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are poorly characterized.MethodsPatients with HNSCC who underwent definitive or adjuvant (chemo)radiation between 2011 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. The 10‐year risk estimates for a CVD event were calculated according to the Framingham Risk Score (FRS).ResultsOne hundred fifteen patients with predominantly stage III/IV HNSCC had a median follow‐up of 2 years. At diagnosis, 23% of patients had CVD. The FRS was higher among patients with laryngeal cancer versus other sites (20.5% vs 14.4%). Twenty‐four percent of all patients had uncontrolled blood pressure at diagnosis. Among the patients with CVD, 41% were not taking antiplatelet therapy and 30% were not taking statin therapy. Thirty‐four percent of patients without CVD had indications for initiating statin therapy.ConclusionPatients with HNSCC have a high baseline CVD risk and many do not receive optimal preventive care. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 527–532, 2017
Efficacy and safety of ultrasound‐guided radiofrequency ablation of hyperplastic parathyroid gland for secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Peng Chengzhong , Zhang Zhengxian , Liu Jibin , Chen Hongyu , Tu Xiao , Hu Rihong , Ni Jun , Weng Ning , Pang Haisu , Xue Zhengmei 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to determine if ultrasound‐guided radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of hyperplastic parathyroid glands could be used to treat secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in patients with chronic kidney disease.MethodsRFA of the hyperplastic parathyroid glands was performed in 34 patients with secondary HPT. Intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), calcium, and phosphorus were measured. The outcome was based on the ablation extent (ie, 4, 3, and 1–2 glands).ResultsThe iPTH, calcium, and phosphorus levels decreased in all groups after RFA. One year after ablation, these parameters remained significantly lower in the 4‐gland ablation group compared with the 3‐gland and 1 to 2‐gland groups. The same tendency was observed for the symptom score. The iPTH levels of <272 pg/mL on the day after ablation was the best predictor for maintaining parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in a reasonable range 1 year after ablation.ConclusionsRFA of hyperplastic parathyroid glands for treating secondary HPT is feasible in selected patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 564–571, 2017
Timing of neck dissection in association with transoral surgery: A systematic review
Authors: Repanos Costa , Mirza Adal H. , George Michael , Karkos Petros D. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to present our evaluation of the importance of timing (early vs synchronous vs delayed) in conjunction with transoral laser surgery for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsArticles addressing surgical management via transoral laser surgery for HNSCC were included for review.ResultsTwenty‐six articles fulfilled our criteria. The overall 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) was 75.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.3–83.9) and locoregional control was 87.3% (95% CI, 82.3–92.1), respectively. In the synchronous neck dissection group, the mean locoregional control was 89.9% (95% CI, 84.8–95.1) versus 84.5% (95% CI, 56.2–112.7) for the delayed neck dissection group. From studies in which complications were explicitly given, a bleeding rate of 5.3% (95% CI, 3.6–6.9) was established. There were 11.1% of patients who underwent a tracheostomy.ConclusionThere is no evidence to indicate that timing of neck dissection after transoral laser surgery for HNSCC has any effect on overall survival (OS). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1020–1032, 2017
Hippocampus duality: Memory and novelty detection are subserved by distinct mechanisms
Authors: Barbeau Emmanuel J. , Chauvel Patrick , Moulin Christopher J.A. , Regis Jean , Liégeois‐Chauvel Catherine 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe hippocampus plays a pivotal role both in novelty detection and in long‐term memory. The physiological mechanisms underlying these behaviors have yet to be understood in humans. We recorded intracerebral evoked potentials within the hippocampus of epileptic patients (n = 10) during both memory and novelty detection tasks (targets in oddball tasks). We found that memory and detection tasks elicited late local field potentials in the hippocampus during the same period, but of opposite polarity (negative during novelty detection tasks, positive during memory tasks, ∼260–600 ms poststimulus onset, P < 0.05). Critically, these potentials had maximal amplitude on the same contact in the hippocampus for each patient. This pattern did not depend on the task as different types of memory and novelty detection tasks were used. It did not depend on the novelty of the stimulus or the difficulty of the task either. Two different hypotheses are discussed to account for this result: it is either due to the activation of CA1 pyramidal neurons by two different pathways such as the monosynaptic and trisynaptic entorhinal‐hippocampus pathways, or to the activation of different neuronal populations, that is, differing either functionally (e.g., novelty/familiarity neurons) or located in different regions of the hippocampus (e.g., CA1/subiculum). In either case, these activities may integrate the activity of two distinct large‐scale networks implementing externally or internally oriented, mutually exclusive, brain states. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Strategic Immobilization of Molecular Catalysts onto Carbon Nanotubes via Noncovalent Interaction for Catalytic Organic Transformations
Authors: Kumagai Naoya , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSince their discovery, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) continue to attract growing interest from scientists in a wide range of fields, likely due to their fascinating nanoarchitecture as well as their electronic and physical properties. From the viewpoint of synthetic chemistry, the chemical and physical stability, high surface area, and π‐stacking nature of CNTs are attractive features for their application as solid supports for molecular catalysts. The chemical functionalization of CNTs has been explored for various applications, including covalent and noncovalent grafting of molecular catalysts. Although noncovalent grafting provides less stable immobilized catalysts compared with covalently grafted hybrid molecular catalysts and CNTs, the preparation protocol is expeditious and repetitive use of the catalysts is well demonstrated, confirming their potential broad utility in synthetic organic chemistry.
EARLY CHILDHOOD PREDICTORS OF LOW‐INCOME BOYS’ PATHWAYS TO ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN CHILDHOOD, ADOLESCENCE, AND EARLY ADULTHOOD
Authors: Shaw Daniel S. , Gilliam Mary 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTGuided by a bridging model of pathways leading to low‐income boys’ early starting and persistent trajectories of antisocial behavior, the current article reviews evidence supporting the model from early childhood through early adulthood. Using primarily a cohort of 310 low‐income boys of families recruited from Women, Infants, and Children Nutrition Supplement centers in a large metropolitan area followed from infancy to early adulthood and a smaller cohort of boys and girls followed through early childhood, we provide evidence supporting the critical role of parenting, maternal depression, and other proximal family risk factors in early childhood that are prospectively linked to trajectories of parent‐reported conduct problems in early and middle childhood, youth‐reported antisocial behavior during adolescence and early adulthood, and court‐reported violent offending in adolescence. The findings are discussed in terms of the need to identify at‐risk boys in early childhood and methods and platforms for engaging families in healthcare settings not previously used to implement preventive mental health services.
Refer to Materiality as a Legal Concept
Authors: Chen Sean , Tsay Bor‐Yi 
Published: December 2016

The accounting profession traditionally regards materiality assessment as the auditor's professional judgment, which is misleading. The Financial Accounting Standards Board's (FASB) concept statements emphasized that materiality must be evaluated from the user's perspective rather than accountant's. The Supreme Court of United States' landmark case of Matrixx Inc. et al. Petitioners v. James Siracusano et al. (2011) alerted the accounting profession about the legal effect of accountants' professional judgment on materiality. The FASB, consequently, proposed in a recent exposure draft to revise its concept statement by adding “refer to materiality as a legal concept.” This article analyzes the Supreme Court case to provide insight into the Supreme Court's reasoning and the impact of the FASB's intended concept statement on financial accounting and auditing. A simple interpretation of the Supreme Court's position is that materiality judgment should be made from the user's perspective rather than from the preparer's. Ultimately, the key issue is whether the preparer presents financial statement faithfully.If the FASB's exposure draft is adopted, it will affect management and auditors in different ways. When management doubts their judgment of materiality, they have to gather sufficient evidence to substantiate the position of immateriality. In other words, it is nice to say that “an omission of immaterial information is not an accounting error”; it is difficult to prove that the preparer has the correct interpretation of the investors' view on materiality. A lot of work on substantiating the evidence on immateriality is still required. On the other hand, auditors will have to expand their work related to materiality assessment to include the review of the client's other formal or informal statements and communications beyond the scope of a traditional audit.	© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Culture, Capital Structure, and Implications for Accounting Regulation
Authors: Anabila Andrew A. , Whang Eunyoung 
Published: December 2016

We examine culture as a determinant of capital structure. Our motivation is twofold. First is to contribute to the literature on the determinants of capital structure, which is currently replete with mixed findings. Second is to explore accounting policy implications. Our measure for capital structure is leverage, the debt‐to‐assets ratio. Using Hofstede's dimensions of culture, we compute SECRECY, a measure of secretiveness shown to be associated with information asymmetry and risk aversion. We use 284,158 firm‐years from 46 countries over the fiscal years 1990 through 2009. Our methodology controls for determinants of capital structure identified in prior research and is robust to clustering by years and countries. We find that leverage is positively associated with SECRECY, consistent with the behavior of managers and investors under information asymmetry and risk aversion. We examine the implications of SECRECY and leverage for capital market initiatives, specifically GAAP evolution, whose primary objective is to mitigate information asymmetry. The analysis reveals a conflict of disclosure interests between the firm and lenders, especially in secretive cultures.	© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.