bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Advancements in the Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) Technique for Film Cooling Effectiveness Measurements
Authors: Wright Lesley M. , Han Je-Chin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Over the past several decades, researchers from around the world have embraced the use of Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) to obtain detailed film cooling effectiveness distributions. Utilizing the mass transfer analogy along with the luminescence characteristics of PSP, the mixing behavior of the coolant and mainstream flows is easily quantified. As the method relies on tracking the concentration of various gases in contact with the paint, the measurements are not affected by thermal diffusion through the test surface. Therefore, researchers provide film cooling effectiveness distributions that are spatially, highly resolved, even in the near-hole regions. Such distributions are not only needed to visualize the three-dimensional mixing occurring near the holes, but the measurements can also be used to validate numerical simulations. When PSP was first introduced to the gas turbine and film cooling communities, steady, film cooling effectiveness distributions were primarily obtained in low-speed flows with simple geometries and coolant-to-mainstream density ratios of unity. However, as more researchers have integrated this measurement tool into their labs, the use of the paint has expanded to include flow conditions and cooling configurations relevant to advanced gas turbine engines. In this review, the mass transfer analogy for film cooling effectiveness measurements will be explained, and the recent, widespread deployment of the method will be discussed. Within the past decade, laboratories have successfully utilized traditional PSP for full coverage airfoil cooling over a range of coolant-to-mainstream density ratios simulating engine conditions. In addition, “binary” and “fast response” paints have gained popularity. The binary PSP is most often used in high speed flows, where viscous heating may affect the response of traditional PSP. A second luminophore in the binary paint allows for correction of the local temperature variation and improves the accuracy of the mass transfer analogy. Finally, fast response PSPs now allow researchers to visualize the unsteady interaction of the coolant and mainstream flows, yielding time-resolved film cooling effectiveness distributions. This review will discuss these developments and provide opportunities for further advancement into the future.
Infrared Assisted Convective Drying of Moist Paper Handsheet: A Numerical Study
Authors: Yu Hanshen , Yagoobi Jamal 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The motivation of this study is to understand the combined effects of electrical infrared (IR) emitters, dielectrophoretic (DEP) mechanism, and hot air drying with slot jet reattachment (SJR) nozzles altogether on drying of moist paper handsheets. Experiments and simulations are conducted to physically understand heat transfer characteristics on a uniquely designed, fully electrified smart dryer without gas burners, aiming to reduce carbon footprint. In this work, a simulation for the smart dryer that allows infrared-assisted convection drying is developed. The finite difference method is implemented in the drying process simulation of combined technologies under different operating conditions, including dryer temperatures, air flow rate, and IR surface temperature, to provide physical insight numerically. Experiments are carried out on paper handsheets to verify IR energy penetration and combine its effect into the governing equation, not just as a boundary condition but also as an internal heat source by an absorption coefficient for paper pulp. Varying view factors on infrared drying are also assessed for continuous drying. The experiment-fused simulation gives us an in-depth understanding of infrared-assisted convection drying, showing the effectiveness of combining SJR and DEP drying and enabling future optimization to reduce energy costs without losing quality.
Simulation of Supercritical Fluids With Reduced Domains In Horizontal Flows
Authors: Hardy Devon , Ricklick Marc , Boetcher Sandra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The ability to use supercritical fluids as a heat transfer medium has benefits near the critical point as the specific heat and thermal conductivity approach infinity. However, because of these large thermodynamic property variations estimates for the heat transfer coefficients and wall temperatures can be difficult. With large changes in thermodynamic properties, threedimensional simulations have been used for heat transfer predictions, which can be time-consuming and computationally expensive. To reduce computational expenses, a comparison is made between 2D-axisymmetric and 3D horizontal round tubes using STAR CCM+ 2206. 2D and 3D cases are investigated at various inlet temperatures, mass fluxes, heat-flux to mass-flux ratios, pipe diameters, and pressures to investigate the impact on axisymmetric simulation approximations. A comparison between 3D and 2D-axisymmetric simulations for the circumferentially averaged heat transfer coefficients, Richardson number, and expected pressure drop is made. Across all cases, the maximum percent difference in heat transfer coefficient was 9.4% for an inlet temperature of 295 K, mass flux of 400 kg · m−2 · s−1, operating pressure of 7.5 MPa, applied heat flux of 32 kW · m−2, through a 6 mm pipe. At an inlet temperature of 295 K, a mass flux of 200 kg · m−2 · s−1, an operating pressure of 8 MPa and an applied heat flux of 12 kW · m−2 through a 2 mm pipe, the maximum percent difference in Richardson number was 40.87%. With an inlet temperature of 307 K, mass flux of 600 kg · m−2 · s−1, an operating pressure of 8 MPa, and applied heat flux of 36 kW · m−2, through a 12 mm pipe, the maximum percent difference in pressure drop was 16.87%. The utilization of 2D-axisymmetric domains for supercritical fluids can reduce computational expenses while producing similar results to their 3D counterparts within 40% depending on parameter.
Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Condensation Pressure Drop in Mini/Micro Channels
Authors: Barghi Golezani Farshad , Li Jiayuan , Pirnstill Logan , Kharangate Chirag 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent years have seen a big increase in the amount of heat that needs to be dissipated within small systems. This means that single-phase heat transfer is no longer good enough. Because of this, two-phase heat transfer, which can get rid of more heat since liquid changing to vapor takes up latent heat, has become crucial. However, two-phase systems have higher pressure drops than single-phase ones, which decreases overall efficiency. So being able to accurately predict the pressure drop is really important for efficiency and reliability. Currently available models for two-phase flow pressure drop prediction are not very accurate or helpful. Our research uses machine learning techniques, including Polynomial Linear regression, Random Forest algorithms, and Neural Networks, to tackle this problem. We looked at a dataset of 4337 data points with 45 features from 25 studies and used feature selection methods like Kendall correlation and techniques like Lasso and RFE to select features. Our findings show nonlinear machine learning ways, especially Neural Networks, are better at predicting pressure drops than traditional models. The Neural Network model performed great, with a Mean Absolute Percentage Error of 13.89% and an adjusted R2 of 0.9941. This shows state-of-the-art neural nets can be highly effective in thermal system analysis.
Optimization of a Hybrid Thermal Protection System for Space Vehicles
Authors: Nabi Syed Arafun , Najafi Hamidreza 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Thermal protection system (TPS) plays a pivotal role in safeguarding space vehicles from extreme aerothermal heating during atmospheric entry. To ensure effective thermal management, Hybrid Thermal Protection seamlessly integrating both active and passive TPS is an innovative solution. The passive TPS consists of an insulative layer on vehicle skin to counteract the aerothermal heat. Although a thicker layer enhances insulation, a trade-off arises between the thickness of the passive layer and the spacecraft’s weight. Beneath the passive TPS layer lies the active TPS functioning as a heat exchanger where the vehicle fuel liquid is considered as coolant. The effectiveness of the active TPS is influenced by parameters such as the coolant flowrate and the design of the flow channel. In this paper, two potential designs for the active TPS are considered and the resulting hybrid systems are studied through parametric analysis and optimization using multi-objective optimization through genetic algorithm. Two objective functions including the total weight of the system as well as the required pumping power are considered and parameters including coolant velocity, thickness of passive TPS layer and thickness of gyroid are used as the optimization variables. The methodology used and results produced from this study provide insights regarding the design and optimization of hybrid TPS and the potentials for using triply periodic minimal surfaces to achieve enhanced heat transfer performance.
Optimization of Thermal Management in Power Electronics by the Design of Split Channel Cooling Systems Through Numerical Simulations
Authors: Taghavi Hooman , Raghu Sowmya , Khan Jamil A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Managing high thermal loads efficiently in power electronics is crucial to ensure reliable operation and enhance the operational lifecycle and efficiency. This study presents a numerical analysis of advanced cooling techniques using split microchannel cooling systems incorporating crossflow, specifically tailored for power electronics. Using ANSYS CFX, a three-dimensional numerical investigation of fluid flow and heat transfer performance of the power converters’ primary and secondary sides with the novel split channel configurations is studied.
Various channel designs, ranging from single to multiple split configurations (dual, quadruple, and hexa-split), in addition to channel size (3mm–6mm), coolant inlet velocity (0.5 m/s to 6 m/s), channel shape (circular, rectangular, semicircular, and half-hexagon) and the incorporation of transverse flow to optimize heat dissipation are examined. Compared to a traditional straight channel, a mixed channel with the same hydraulic diameter configuration exhibited an average 40% lower pressure drop. Optimized parallel channel designs achieve a ∼10% reduction in temperature at the highest power loss configuration. This reduction is primarily attributed to the targeted surface area increase for heat dissipation at the hot spot regions and the induced turbulence in the coolant water flow, which collectively enhances the convective heat transfer coefficient.
Our findings underscore the superiority of split and parallel channel configurations, especially when integrated with crossflow, in addressing the critical cooling requirements of power electronics systems. Thus, the insights gained from this research are expected to significantly influence future design considerations and operational strategies in high thermal load power electronics cooling.
Centrifugal Compressor Design Optimization for S R-30 Small Scale Gas Turbine Engine Using Numerical Simulations and Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Raghu Sowmya , Khan Jamil A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a case-study of SR-30 small scale straight turbojet engine with centrifugal compressor, reverse annular combustion chamber and axial turbine is conducted and serves as a pre-cursor for the development of Compressor Design tool.
The first stage involves conducting experiments using SR-30 gas turbine engine to obtain operational characteristics from 45000–80000 RPM. The centrifugal compressor consists of 9 primary and 9 secondary blades with temperature and pressure probes at the inlet and exhaust locations of the compressor. A 1D thermodynamic analysis is conducted and an analytical framework is developed to obtain the compressor map at various mass flow rates and at various ambient pressure and temperature conditions.
The second stage involves conducting numerical analysis and simulations using Bladegen and ANSYS CFX to obtain the obtain the efficiency parameters of the existing design. Using Bladegen, 12 different parameters such as blade angles, incidence angles, loss factors etc. are identified to refine design parameters, optimize performance at various design, off-design, steady-state and transient conditions.
The final stage involves a development of machine learning methodology to create a physics-based data-driven model for predicting operational efficiency using the experimental data and an explicit inverse aerodynamic design methodology is developed to obtain the centrifugal compressor design parameters.
A first-of-its-kind python based Graphical User Interface (GUI) is created as a plug-and-play software to obtain the design and performance parameters of the centrifugal compressor based on numerical simulations and machine learning methodologies.
Local Variation of Heat Transfer for Laminar Flow Over a Finite Width Flat Plate
Authors: Taliaferro Matthew E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Lateral variation of wall heat transfer in laminar boundary layer flow is investigated for geometries where both the heated and cooled/adiabatic surfaces are finite in lateral extent. Two dimensional conduction models are compared to three dimensional thermal numerical simulations for a variety of Prandtl numbers, boundary conditions, unheated starting lengths, and widths. It is found that the conduction model works remarkably well at predicting wall heat transfer and the most relevant length scale for describing the problem is the conduction thickness. Three dimensionless spanwise variables that fully characterize the heat transfer are defined using the conduction thickness: the lateral location and the widths of the heated and cooled/adiabatic region normalized by the conduction thickness. The lateral variation of the Nusselt number is described for various widths and boundary conditions, with only the isoflux-adiabatic set of boundary conditions not resulting power law behavior for the Nusselt number near the lateral edge. Furthermore, it is found the spanwise extent of the region affected by the lateral edge is of the same order of magnitude as the conduction thickness. Effects of the finite lateral width and various boundary conditions on the heat flux at the center of a finite strip, convection from infinitesimally small strips, and lateral spacing of heated components are explored and presented. Finally, the accuracy and computational simplicity of the conduction model allows for impressive savings in numerical modeling of conjugate heat transfer where lateral variation in heat transfer is important.
Choked Gas and Liquid Carbon Dioxide Flow Through Microchannels With Parallel Multi Orifices
Authors: Niazi Soroush , Peles Yoav 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Carbon dioxide (CO2) has potential usage for cooling applications due to its exceptional thermophysical properties near the pseudocritical condition. However, literature pertinent to these conditions is scarce, and as a result, predicting the fluid flow in equipment and flow restriction elements near the critical condition is challenging. In this study, the depressurization effect on the mass flow rate through channels with multiple micro constriction elements is investigated with silicon-based microfluidic devices consisting of arrays of microchannels (micro-orifices). A close-loop experimental setup was built to provide control and measurement of pressure and temperature at the inlet and outlet. Inlet pressure was set to 5.8 and 6.6 MPa (corresponding to liquid and gas states respectively), and outlet pressure ranged from 1.2 to 6.4 MPa. Mass flow rate and density are controlled and measured by a Coriolis flow controller at the inlet. The mass flow rate vs. pressure drops plot exhibits initial increase followed by a smooth convergence as the outlet pressure decreased. The choking phenomenon was observed for both gas and liquid inlet conditions that led to significant temperature drop along the channel with multi parallel micro-orifices.
HPV18 E7 inhibits LATS1 kinase and activates YAP1 by degrading PTPN14
Authors: Blakely William J. , Hatterschide Joshua , White Elizabeth A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins inactivate cellular tumor suppressors to reprogram host cell signaling pathways. HPV E7 proteins bind and degrade the tumor suppressor PTPN14, thereby promoting the nuclear localization of the YAP1 oncoprotein and inhibiting keratinocyte differentiation. YAP1 is a transcriptional coactivator that drives epithelial cell stemness and self-renewal. YAP1 activity is inhibited by the highly conserved Hippo pathway, which is frequently inactivated in human cancers. MST1/2 and LATS1/2 kinases form the core of the Hippo kinase cascade. Active LATS1 kinase is phosphorylated on threonine 1079 and inhibits YAP1 by phosphorylating it on amino acids including serine 127. Here, we tested the effect of high-risk (carcinogenic) HPV18 E7 on Hippo pathway activity. We found that either PTPN14 knockout or PTPN14 degradation by HPV18 E7 decreased the phosphorylation of LATS1 T1079 and YAP1 S127 in human keratinocytes and inhibited keratinocyte differentiation. Conversely, PTPN14-dependent differentiation required LATS kinases and certain PPxY motifs in PTPN14. Neither MST1/2 kinases nor the putative PTPN14 phosphatase active sites were required for PTPN14 to promote differentiation. Together, these data support that PTPN14 inactivation or degradation of PTPN14 by HPV18 E7 reduce LATS1 activity, promoting active YAP1 and inhibiting keratinocyte differentiation.

IMPORTANCE
The Hippo kinase cascade inhibits YAP1, an oncoprotein and driver of cell stemness and self-renewal. There is mounting evidence that the Hippo pathway is targeted by tumor viruses including human papillomavirus. The high-risk HPV E7 oncoprotein promotes YAP1 nuclear localization and the carcinogenic activity of high-risk HPV E7 requires YAP1 activity. Blocking HPV E7-dependent YAP1 activation could inhibit HPV-mediated carcinogenesis, but the mechanism by which HPV E7 activates YAP1 has not been elucidated. Here we report that by degrading the tumor suppressor PTPN14, HPV18 E7 inhibits LATS1 kinase, reducing inhibitory phosphorylation on YAP1. These data support that an HPV oncoprotein can inhibit Hippo signaling to activate YAP1 and strengthen the link between PTPN14 and Hippo signaling in human epithelial cells.
Genome sequence of
Colletotrichum karsti
isolated from rose leaves exhibiting anthracnose symptoms in Potchefstroom, South Africa
Authors: Maguvu Tawanda E. , Raimi Adekunle , Trouillas Florent P. , Adeleke Rasheed , Bezuidenhout Cornelius C. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

We present the genome sequence of
Colletotrichum karsti
isolated from rose leaves exhibiting anthracnose symptoms. The genome was assembled to 53.2 Mbp organized into 753 scaffolds having an N50 of 582,313 kbp and a GC content of 52.5%. The genome had an estimated 99.4% of the core Ascomycota genes.
Draft genome sequences of
Epichloë bromicola
strains isolated from
Elymus ciliaris
Authors: Miura Atsushi , Imano Sayaka , Ashida Akira , Sato Ikuo , Chiba Sotaro , Tanaka Aiko , Camagna Maurizio , Takemoto Daigo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Epichloë
species are endophytic fungi that systemically colonize grass species. Here, we report the genome sequences of
Epichloë bromicola
strains HS and DP isolated for the first time from
Elymus ciliaris
in Nagoya, Japan.
Draft genome sequence of 16
Aspergillus flavus
isolated from cashew nuts from coastal Kenya
Authors: Gachanja Pauline Wambui , Onyango Manase Aloo , Musangi Colletah Rhoda , Juma Bicko Steve , Mukhebi Dennis Wamalabe , Muzami Eugene Mwanza , Katua Kyalo , Mbinda Wilton Mwema 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus flavus
is a soil-borne fungus known for its aflatoxin contamination of agricultural products. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of 16 predicted aflatoxin-producing
A. flavus
isolated from cashew nuts from coastal Kenya.
Complete genome sequence of bacterium
Peribacillus simplex
strain IMGN11 from soil
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Kim Yeongjun , Han Jeong A. , Lee Ho-Seok , Kim Eun Yu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of
Peribacillus simplex
, a spore-forming bacterium originally classified within the
Bacillus
genus.
Peribacillus simplex
exhibits antibiotic, plant growth-promoting, and xenobiotic-degrading activities and resistance to environmental contamination. The genome sequence of
Peribacillus simplex
will provide insights into its capabilities and potential as a biocontrol agent.
Genome-based model for differentiating between infection and carriage
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Chen Jianyu , Du Wenyin , Li Yuehe , Zhou Huiliu , Ouyang Dejia , Yao Zhenjiang , Fu Jinjian , Ye Xiaohua 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
(
S. aureus
) is a clinically significant opportunistic pathogen, which can colonize multiple body sites in healthy individuals and cause various life-threatening diseases in both children and adults worldwide. The genetic backgrounds of
S. aureus
that cause infection versus asymptomatic carriage vary widely, but the potential genetic elements (k-mers) associated with
S. aureus
infection remain unknown, which leads to difficulties in differentiating infection isolates from harmless colonizers. Here, we address the disease-associated k-mers by using a comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) to compare the genetic variation of
S. aureus
isolates from clinical infection sites (272 isolates) with nasal carriage (240 isolates). This study uncovers consensus evidence that certain k-mers are overrepresented in infection isolates compared with carriage isolates, indicating the presence of specific genetic elements associated with
S. aureus
infection. Moreover, the random forest (RF) model achieved a classification accuracy of 77% for predicting disease status (infection vs carriage), with 68% accuracy for a single highest-ranked k-mer, providing a simple target for identifying high-risk genotypes. Our findings suggest that the disease-causing
S. aureus
is a pathogenic subpopulation harboring unique genomic variation that promotes invasion and infection, providing novel targets for clinical interventions.

IMPORTANCE

Defining the disease-causing isolates is the first step toward disease control. However, the disease-associated genetic elements of
Staphylococcus aureus
remain unknown, which leads to difficulties in differentiating infection isolates from harmless carriage isolates. Our comprehensive genome-wide association study (GWAS) found consensus evidence that certain genetic elements are overrepresented among infection isolates than carriage isolates, suggesting that the enrichment of disease-associated elements may promote infection. Notably, a single k-mer predictor achieved a high classification accuracy, which forms the basis for early diagnostics and interventions.