bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proceedings: Regenerative Medicine for Lung Diseases: A CIRM Workshop Report
Authors: Kadyk Lisa C. , DeWitt Natalie D. , Gomperts Brigitte 
Published: August 2017

Summary
The mission of the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM) is to accelerate treatments to patients with unmet medical needs. In September 2016, CIRM sponsored a workshop held at the University of California, Los Angeles, to discuss regenerative medicine approaches for treatment of lung diseases and to identify the challenges remaining for advancing such treatments to the clinic and market approval. Workshop participants discussed current preclinical and clinical approaches to regenerative medicine in the lung, as well as the biology of lung stem cells and the role of stem cells in the etiology of various lung diseases. The outcome of this effort was the recognition that whereas transient cell delivery approaches are leading the way in the clinic, recent advances in the understanding of lung stem cell biology, in vitro and in vivo disease modeling, gene editing and replacement methods, and cell engraftment approaches raise the prospect of developing cures for some lung diseases in the foreseeable future. In addition, advances in in vitro modeling using lung organoids and “lung on a chip” technology are setting the stage for high quality small molecule drug screening to develop treatments for lung diseases with complex biology.
Evolution of Total Syntheses of β‐Hydroxy‐γ‐Lactones: Cardiobutanolide and Hagen's Gland Lactones
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Kattanguru Pullaiah , Halle Mahesh B. , Kunkalkar Rupesh A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe β‐hydroxy‐γ‐lactones, cardiobutanolide and Hagen's gland lactones have been interesting targets for total synthesis in many laboratories. There are 10 syntheses reported for cardiobutanolide and 19 syntheses for Hagen's gland lactones. These natural products have the β‐hydroxy‐γ‐lactone moiety in common. The evolution of various synthetic strategies to these natural products from chiral pool materials and/or asymmetric catalysis and involving linear sequences, convergent approaches to the de‐novo protecting group free syntheses have been abstracted in this review.
Intrafetal laser ablation for embryo reduction from dichorionic triplets to dichorionic twins
Authors: Chaveeva P. , Peeva G. , Pugliese S. G. , Shterev A. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo report the outcome of dichorionic (DC) triplet pregnancies reduced to DC twins by laser ablation of the pelvic vessels of one of the monochorionic (MC) twins.MethodsIntrafetal laser embryo reduction (ER) from DC triplets to DC twins was carried out in 61 pregnancies at 11 + 0 to 14 + 3 weeks' gestation. Pregnancy outcome was examined.ResultsIntrafetal laser was successfully carried out in all cases, but ultrasound examination within 2 weeks of the procedure demonstrated that the MC cotwin had died in 28 (45.9%) cases and was alive in the other 33 (54.1%). In the DC group, there was one miscarriage at 23 weeks, one neonatal death after delivery at 26 weeks and in the other 31 cases there were two live births at a median gestational age of 35.3 (range, 30.4–38.4) weeks. In the 28 cases in which both MC fetuses died, there was one miscarriage at 16 weeks and in the other 27 cases the separate triplet was liveborn at a median gestation of 38.2 (range, 32.2–42.1) weeks. The overall rate of miscarriage was 3.3% (2/61) and that of preterm birth (PTB) at < 33 weeks was 6.8% (4/59).ConclusionsIn the management of DC triplet pregnancies, ER to DC twins by intrafetal laser ablation is associated with lower rates of miscarriage or early PTB, compared with expectant management or ER by fetal intracardiac injection of potassium chloride. However, about half of the pregnancies result in the birth of one rather than two babies. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Problems of selection and correlation of stratotype sections of the Neocomian in West Siberia in the context of clinoform structure
Authors: Ershov S.V. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This paper discusses the problems of selection of stratotype sections and correlation of marker beds in the Neocomian productive complex of West Siberia in the context of its clinoform structure. In this paper we present a conceptual sequence stratigraphic model and a correlation chart for beds from different lithofacies regions of the Berriasian–Lower Aptian deposits of West Siberia.
Reference section of Neogene–Quarternary deposits in the Uimon Basin (Gorny Altai)
Authors: Rusanov G.G. , Deev E.V. , Zolnikov I.D. , Khazin L.B. , Khazina I.V. , Kuz’mina O.B. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
An extraordinary-thick (400 m) section of the Neogene–Quaternary deposits is for the first time exposed by well No. 1 in the central Uimon Basin. The Miocene–Pliocene lacustrine Tueryk Formation is recognized at the base of the continuous section, verified by new paleontological data (ostracods, spores, and pollen). As assumed, overlaying deposits are represented by the Lower Pleistocene lacustrine-alluvial Beken Formation, Middle Pleistocene alluvial-proluvial Bashkaus Formation, undifferentiated Middle Pleistocene glacial, fluvioglacial, and alluvial deposits, and Upper Pleistocene lacustrine-glacial deposits. The data obtained from the core of well No. 1 undisputably demonstrate that the Uimon Basin had been developed prior the beginning of the Miocene Epoch, when it was characterized by accumulation of the lacustrine Tueryk Formation, incompletely exposed within the studied section. The presence of thick unexposed lower-Ohm interval of sedimentary filling of the basin suggests that the Uimon Basin was developed as early as the Paleogene. Therefore, the tectonic evolution and sedimentation history of the basin are assumed to have features similar to those of the Chuya and Kurai Basins of Gorny Altai.
Circadian feeding patterns of 12-month-old infants
Authors: Wee Poh Hui , Loy See Ling , Toh Jia Ying , Tham Elaine Kwang Hsia , Cheung Yin Bun , Godfrey Keith M. , Gluckman Peter D. , Saw Seang Mei , Chong Yap-Seng , Lek Ngee , Chan Jerry Kok Yen , Goh Daniel Yam Thiam , Chong Mary Foong-Fong , Yap Fabian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEarly life nutrition and feeding practices are important modifiable determinants of subsequent obesity, yet little is known about the circadian feeding pattern of 12-month-old infants. We aimed to describe the 24-h feeding patterns of 12-month-old infants and examine their associations with maternal and infant characteristics. Mothers from a prospective birth cohort study (n 431) reported dietary intakes of their 12-month-old infants and respective feeding times using 24-h dietary recall. Based on their feeding times, infants were classified into post-midnight (00.00–05.59 hours) and pre-midnight (06.00–23.59 hours) feeders. Mean daily energy intake was 3234 (sd 950) kJ (773 (sd 227) kcal), comprising 51·8 (sd 7·8) % carbohydrate, 33·9 (sd 7·2) % fat and 14·4 (sd 3·2) % protein. Mean hourly energy intake and proportion of infants fed were lower during post-midnight than pre-midnight hours. There were 251 (58·2 %) pre-midnight and 180 (41·8 %) post-midnight feeders. Post-midnight feeders consumed higher daily energy, carbohydrate, fat and protein intakes than pre-midnight feeders (all P<0·001). The difference in energy intake originated from energy content consumed during the post-midnight period. Majority (n 173) of post-midnight feeders consumed formula milk during the post-midnight period. Using multivariate logistic regression with confounder adjustment, exclusively breast-feeding during the first 6 months of life was negatively associated with post-midnight feeding at 12 months (adjusted OR 0·31; 95 % CI 0·11, 0·82). This study provides new insights into the circadian pattern of energy intake during infancy. Our findings indicated that the timing of feeding at 12 months was associated with daily energy and macronutrient intakes, and feeding mode during early infancy.
The effect of nature and pressure of ambient environment on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and ablation mechanisms of Si
Authors: Zehra K. , Bashir S. , Hassan S.A. , Ahmed Q.S. , Akram M. , Hayat A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe effect of nature and pressure of ambient environment on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and ablation mechanisms of silicon (Si) have been investigated. A Q-switched Nd-YAG laser with the wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse duration of 10 ns, and pulsed energy of 50 mJ was employed. Si targets were exposed under ambient environments of inert gases of argon, neon, and helium for different pressures ranging from 5 to 760 torr. The influence of nature and pressure of ambient gases on the emission intensity of Si plasma have been explored by using the LIBS spectrometer system. The plasma parameters such as electron temperature and number density were determined by applying Boltzmann plot and Stark broadening method, respectively. Our experimental results suggest that the nature and pressure of ambient environment play a significant role for generation, recombination, and expansion of plasma and consequently affect the excitation temperature as well as electron density of plasma. The surface morphological analysis of laser-irradiated Si was performed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Various kinds of structures, for example laser-induced periodic surface structures or ripples, cones, droplets, and craters have been generated and their density and size are found to be strongly dependent upon the ambient environment. A quantitative analysis of particulate size and crater depth measured from SEM images showed a strong correlation between plasma parameters and the growth of micro/nanostructures on the modified Si surface.
Predictability of tick-borne encephalitis fluctuations
Authors: ZEMAN P. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYTick-borne encephalitis is a serious arboviral infection with unstable dynamics and profound inter-annual fluctuations in case numbers. A dependable predictive model has been sought since the discovery of the disease. The present study demonstrates that four superimposed cycles, approximately 2·4, 3, 5·4, and 10·4 years long, can account for three-fifths of the variation in the disease fluctuations over central Europe. Using harmonic regression, these cycles can be projected into the future, yielding forecasts of sufficient accuracy for up to 4 years ahead. For the years 2016–2018, this model predicts elevated incidence levels in most parts of the region.
Biased Visuospatial Attention in Cervical Dystonia
Authors: Chillemi Gaetana , Formica Caterina , Salatino Adriana , Calamuneri Alessandro , Girlanda Paolo , Morgante Francesca , Milardi Demetrio , Terranova Carmen , Cacciola Alberto , Quartarone Angelo , Ricci Raffaella 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectives: There is increasing evidence of non-motor, sensory symptoms, mainly involving the spatial domain, in cervical dystonia (CD). These manifestations are likely driven by dysfunctional overactivity of the parietal cortex during the execution of a sensory task. Few studies also suggest the possibility that visuospatial attention might be specifically affected in patients with CD. Therefore, we asked whether non-motor manifestations in CD might also comprise impairment of higher level visuospatial processing. Methods: To this end, we investigated visuospatial attention in 23 CD patients and 12 matched healthy controls (for age, gender, education, and ocular dominance). The patients were identified according to the dystonia pattern type (laterocollis vs. torticollis). Overall, participants were right-handers, and the majority of them was right-eye dominant. Visuospatial attention was assessed using a line bisection task. Participants were asked to bisect horizontal lines, using their right or left hand. Results: Participants bisected more to the left of true center when using their left hand to perform the task than when using their right hand. However, overall, torticollis patients produced a significantly greater leftward deviation than controls. Conclusions: These data are consistent with preliminary findings suggesting the presence of biased spatial attention in patients with idiopathic cervical dystonia. The presence of an attentional bias in patients with torticollis seem to indicate that alterations of attentional circuits might be implicated in the pathophysiology of this type of CD. (JINS, 2018, 24, 23–32)
Synchrotron X-ray Microtomography with Improved Image Quality by Ring Artifacts Correction for Structural Analysis of Insects
Authors: Yao Shengkun , Zong Yunbing , Fan Jiadong , Sun Zhibin , Zhang Jianhua , Jiang Huaidong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRing artifacts are undesirable and complicate the analysis and interpretation of microstructures in synchrotron X-ray microtomography. Here, we propose a new method to improve the image quality of an object by removing the ring artifacts and investigate the efficiency of this process with tomographic images of a dried Tenebrio molitor. In this method, before the tomographic reconstruction, ring artifacts were identified and located in the sinograms as line artifacts. Then, the identified line artifacts were corrected as single point noise via image processing of the original projections. Eventually, the corresponding line artifacts were removed, resulting in reduced ring artifacts in the reconstructed tomographic images. Simulations verified the efficiency of the proposed method. This method was successfully applied for the structural analysis of the insect T. molitor, showing superior performance in reducing ring artifacts in the tomographic image without noticeable loss of structural information.
Dendritic calcium spikes are clearly detectable at the cortical surface
Authors: Suzuki Mototaka , Larkum Matthew E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCortical surface recording techniques such as EEG and ECoG are widely used for measuring brain activity. The prevailing assumption is that surface potentials primarily reflect synaptic activity, although non-synaptic events may also contribute. Here we show that dendritic calcium spikes occurring in pyramidal neurons (that we showed previously are cognitively relevant) are clearly detectable in cortical surface potentials. To show this we developed an optogenetic, non-synaptic approach to evoke dendritic calcium spikes in vivo. We found that optogenetically evoked calcium spikes were easily detectable and had an unexpected waveform near the cortical surface. Sensory-evoked dendritic calcium spikes were also clearly detectable with amplitudes that matched the contribution of synaptic input. These results reveal how dendritic calcium spikes appear at the cortical surface and their significant impact on surface potentials, suggesting that long-standing surface recording data may contain information about dendritic activity that is relevant to behavior and cognitive function.
Extrinsic mechanical forces mediate retrograde axon extension in a developing neuronal circuit
Authors: Breau M. A. , Bonnet I. , Stoufflet J. , Xie J. , De Castro S. , Schneider-Maunoury S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo form functional neural circuits, neurons migrate to their final destination and extend axons towards their targets. Whether and how these two processes are coordinated in vivo remains elusive. We use the zebrafish olfactory placode as a system to address the underlying mechanisms. Quantitative live imaging uncovers a choreography of directed cell movements that shapes the placode neuronal cluster: convergence of cells towards the centre of the placodal domain and lateral cell movements away from the brain. Axon formation is concomitant with lateral movements and occurs through an unexpected, retrograde mode of extension, where cell bodies move away from axon tips attached to the brain surface. Convergence movements are active, whereas cell body lateral displacements are of mainly passive nature, likely triggered by compression forces from converging neighbouring cells. These findings unravel a previously unknown mechanism of neuronal circuit formation, whereby extrinsic mechanical forces drive the retrograde extension of axons.
Chemical and electrochemical conditions within stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue cracks
Authors: Bland Leslie G. , Locke Jenifer S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the area of environment assisted cracking, literature aimed at understanding the chemical and electrochemical conditions at/near the crack tip establishes that the crack tip is occluded and not well represented by bulk conditions. A review of the relevant literature, both modeling and experimental, is presented here and shows that crack tip conditions are determined by the balance between high metal ion concentrations resulting from crack tip anodic reactions and subsequent hydrolysis, mass transport (including ion migration, diffusion, and advection), and electrochemical polarization of the bold surface, which determines the extent of anodic and cathodic reactions occurring in the crack environment. Under both freely corroding conditions and anodic polarizations, the crack tip pH decreases with increasing polarization above the freely corroding condition, most often leading to a very acidic crack environment. Under sufficient cathodic polarization, the crack tip pH increases. Because of high-anion and -cation concentrations in the crack environment, an IR drop down the crack exists, leaving the crack tip relatively unpolarizable. Ion migration enhances the occluded nature of the crack tip by supplying anions from the bulk solution to maintain electroneutrality at the crack tip. Diffusion to counteract this concentration gradient is minimal and only plays a role in crack tip conditions at very small crack lengths. When cyclic loading conditions are encountered, the occluded nature of the crack tip can be counteracted by advection; although, the role decreases with decreasingfand increasing R, essentially as corrosion fatigue conditions approach those of stress corrosion cracking.
Selective addressing of solid-state spins at the nanoscale via magnetic resonance frequency encoding
Authors: Zhang H. , Arai K. , Belthangady C. , Jaskula J.-C. , Walsworth R. L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe nitrogen vacancy centre in diamond is a leading platform for nanoscale sensing and imaging, as well as quantum information processing in the solid state. To date, individual control of two nitrogen vacancy electronic spins at the nanoscale has been demonstrated. However, a key challenge is to scale up such control to arrays of nitrogen vacancy spins. Here, we apply nanoscale magnetic resonance frequency encoding to realize site-selective addressing and coherent control of a four-site array of nitrogen vacancy spins. Sites in the array are separated by 100 nm, with each site containing multiple nitrogen vacancies separated by ~15 nm. Microcoils fabricated on the diamond chip provide electrically tuneable magnetic field gradients ~0.1 G/nm. Tailored application of gradient fields and resonant microwaves allow site-selective nitrogen vacancy spin manipulation and sensing applications, including Rabi oscillations, imaging, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with nanoscale resolution. Microcoil-based magnetic resonance of solid-state spins provides a practical platform for quantum-assisted sensing, quantum information processing, and the study of nanoscale spin networks.
Resolving the central metabolism of Arabidopsis guard cells
Authors: Robaina-Estévez Semidán , Daloso Danilo M. , Zhang Youjun , Fernie Alisdair R. , Nikoloski Zoran 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPhotosynthesis and water use efficiency, key factors affecting plant growth, are directly controlled by microscopic and adjustable pores in the leaf—the stomata. The size of the pores is modulated by the guard cells, which rely on molecular mechanisms to sense and respond to environmental changes. It has been shown that the physiology of mesophyll and guard cells differs substantially. However, the implications of these differences to metabolism at a genome-scale level remain unclear. Here, we used constraint-based modeling to predict the differences in metabolic fluxes between the mesophyll and guard cells of Arabidopsis thaliana by exploring the space of fluxes that are most concordant to cell-type-specific transcript profiles. An independent 13C-labeling experiment using isolated mesophyll and guard cells was conducted and provided support for our predictions about the role of the Calvin-Benson cycle in sucrose synthesis in guard cells. The combination of in silico with in vivo analyses indicated that guard cells have higher anaplerotic CO2 fixation via phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, which was demonstrated to be an important source of malate. Beyond highlighting the metabolic differences between mesophyll and guard cells, our findings can be used in future integrated modeling of multi-cellular plant systems and their engineering towards improved growth.
Detecting human melanoma cell re-differentiation following BRAF or heat shock protein 90 inhibition using photoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Shah Anant , Delgado-Goni Teresa , Casals Galobart Teresa , Wantuch Slawomir , Jamin Yann , Leach Martin O. , Robinson Simon P. , Bamber Jeffrey , Beloueche-Babari Mounia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTargeted therapies specific to the BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway have shown great promise in the treatment of malignant melanoma in the last few years, with these drugs now commonly used in clinic. Melanoma cells treated using these agents are known to exhibit increased levels of melanin pigment and tyrosinase activity. In this study we assessed the potential of non-invasive imaging approaches (photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)) to detect melanin induction in SKMEL28 human melanoma cells, following inhibition of Hsp90 and BRAF signaling using 17-AAG and vemurafenib, respectively. We confirmed, using western blot and spectrophotometry, that Hsp90 or BRAF inhibitor-induced melanoma cell differentiation resulted in an upregulation of tyrosinase and melanin expression levels, in comparison to control cells. This post-treatment increase in cellular pigmentation induced a significant increase in PAI signals that are spectrally identifiable and shortening of the MRI relaxation times T1 and $${{\boldsymbol{T}}}_{{\bf{2}}}^{{\boldsymbol{\ast }}}$$

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. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential of MRI and PAI for detecting the downstream cellular changes induced by Hsp90 and BRAF-MEK-targeted therapies in melanoma cells with potential significance for in vivo imaging.