bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Efficiency Improvement and Design Review to Allow for use of High Corrosion Resistant Material with Design Temperature Lower than Operation Temperature
Authors: Whateley Thomas 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This paper investigates issues related to metallurgical specification for Waste Heat Recovery superheater coils in a Sulphur Recovery Unit Thermal Incinerator as part of a Sour Gas Processing Facility for energy efficiency and environmental benefits.
This paper looks at the various operating scenarios for Waste Heat Recovery steam superheater coils in a Sulphur Recovery Unit Thermal Incinerator package and assesses the areas of concern regarding material specification related to corrosion resistance and design temperature. Several materials were identified that could be operated at the high flue gas temperature, but these were found to be unsuitable from a corrosion resistance perspective. Materials that are adequately corrosion resistant do not have a sufficiently high design temperature to allow sustained operation at the normal operating temperature of the Thermal Incinerator.
In liaison with specialist vendors, it was identified that to have corrosion resistant material for the superheater coils, the normal process scheme and start up and shutdown operating philosophy of the unit had to be modified to ensure a continuous flow of steam to the superheater coils. This minimum flow of steam inside the coils acts as a cooling medium and ensures the superheater coils will not exceed their design temperature. The paper acknowledges that to achieve the energy efficiency gained through operating superheater coils in a Sulphur Recovery Unit Thermal Incinerator a Process scheme must be developed that can allow corrosion resistant materials to operate safely without exceeding their design temperature, despite normal operating temperature of the Thermal Incinerator exceeding the material design temperature.
This paper will be of interest to any operator of a Sulphur Recovery unit who is looking for energy efficiency improvements, or operators of Thermal Incinerators with existing superheater coils who are experiencing asset integrity issues with their operation.
Safety Champions: A Grass Roots Approach to Create a Culture of Care
Authors: Al Sayaari Awad Marei , Ford Stacey 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The challenge of developing a strong, competent, and safe construction labor workforce is not a new concern, but is more challenging in regions with a large percentage of third country nationals. The Gulf Region is characterised by a multi-cultural multi-national workforce, with over 85% of the population being South Asian, predominantly from low-income economies such as India, Pakistan or Bangladesh. A high proportion of these immigrants work as laborers in the oil and gas industry. Given that their education and skills are often limited due to low educational attainment and poor literacy levels, it is crucial to provide them with the knowledge required to work safely and contribute to a safe work environment.
Third country nationals as the main source of labor in the Gulf Region provides increasing challenges to host countries. The need for effective, well-managed, competent, safe workforce is getting stronger at a national and international level.
This paper summarizes one program that has successfully worked to build a solid workforce foundation and provided continued education in safety with multi-national labor-level workforce.
Advancing Women in the Oil Sector of Kuwait Challenges and Progress
Authors: Capello M. A. , Hashim H. , Abdul Raheem B. , Borisly N. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Gender balance is a goal cherished by modern organizations, as a proven way to boost productivity, ensure motivation of the workforce, and enrich the internal workflows related to leadership, development and succession planning of the organization. The oil sector of the State of Kuwait pioneered the advancement of women in oil and gas in the Arabic Gulf, launching the Professional Women Network (PWN) of Kuwait Oil Company back in 2009, later on expanded to Kuwait Petroleum Corporation and its Subsidiaries in 2014.
The challenges that have been faced in the evolution of this initiative are related most importantly to unconscious biases, cultural setting, and resistance to change of the established style and corporate workflows, because of the clear aim of PWN to implement a new framework to enable the empowerment of women in all technical disciplines and support roles in the corporation.
Not all challenges have been surmounted, which is a commonality of all companies in Oil and Gas, where women are still a minority in the workforce. Nevertheless, and remarkably, 2016 finds an accomplished PWN that has piled up results of tremendous transcendence and outreach, which demonstrate the importance the initiative has had for all the 3,100 women in KPC and its subsidiaries, in the upand down-stream sectors of the oil industry in Kuwait: Enhancement of Work Conditions in Operations: The progress of this effort for the upstream sector has reached 90% of completion, being finalized for 23 Gathering Centers, 3 effluent-water disposal plants, and in 6 Gas Booster Stations. Additionally, this effort to provide a separate or dedicated space for females was achieved for 29 rigs of drilling new wells and workover that currently encompass the drilling force of Kuwait.Diversity Statistics Monitoring: Gaps in gender and nationality diversity are only visible when reliable data is analyzed, enabling the identification of attention areas and gaps. After more than 60 years of oil production, Kuwait oil sector will formally monitor and report the evolution of Gender-balance and Diversity indicators, in annual reports, starting in their fiscal year 2016/17.Enhanced communication workflows: The unconscious bias prevailing in men and women is a difficult barrier to overcome, as it is grounded on education and culture. PWN has raised the levels of awareness about women matters, gender-balance, and dual-career couples of issues in all personnel and in high-management and management ranks of the eight K-companies that shape the corporation. This was achieved by a permanent presence on the social media of the corporation, encompassing Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat, where the main female role models are showcased. Additionally, PWN has conducted since 2009 more than 15 workshops and activities of networking that have expanded the knowledge about the objectives of this organization as well as promoted the self-empowerment of the female workforce.
Gas Condensate Field Infrastructure Reengineering on the Declining Production Stage to Increase Profitability of Exploitation
Authors: Mukhametova N. , Kolchin A. , Elizarieva N. , Akhtyamov A. , Ovechnikov A. , Kurochkin A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The objective of the work is to develop technical measures for the reconstruction of a major gas condensate field processing facilities – central processing plant of Valanginian horizon raw gas of the Vostochno-Urengoyskoe gas condensate field (design pressure – 6.0 MPa), and the assessment of the impact of these measures on the economic efficiency of the plant.
Developed technical measures require minimal investment and include application of fractionation technology by means of available energy flows at an intermediate separation stage as well as at gas condensate stabilization, optimization of piping arrangement scheme, recycling of unstable condensate weathering gas. The implementation of these measures allows: to improve the separation degree of light and heavy gas components (improves the quality and yield of commercial gas and increases the yield of stable gas condensate), to ensure the recovery of the cold reduced condensate (reduces the temperature at the stage of the low-temperature separation), to reduce the pressure loss during preliminary raw gas treatment (which increases feasible pressure drop at the low-temperature separation stage) and decrease the amount of gas flared (increases yield of commercial gas).
It's shown that providing the high quality of commercial products at inlet pressure decrease to 2-2,5 MPa, commercial gas output increase up to 1,5-2% and stable gas condensate up to 12-15% are the results of developed solutions implementation that prolongs the terms of highly profitable field operation for 10-15 years and increases integral profitability of business by 30-40%. Thus, reengineering is an effective margin increase instrument of gas-condensate fields development.
Automated Pressure Integrity Testing APIT-A Step Change Approach
Authors: Islam M. A. , Helstrup O. A. , Moi S. , Carlsen L. A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
APIT is a computational software based system which performs real-time test analysis, reporting and automated result interpretation of FITs/LOTs/XLOTs based on surface and downhole data. This paper presents the challenges for the current pressure integrity testing and introduced a new solution called automated pressure testing (APIT) system. This has included system framework and integration to cementing units, models and algorithms to determine system compliance and fluid leakage, fracture closure pressure, calibration techniques and validated results. Based on a minimum of preconfigured user input, the APIT system covers all test phases, from pressurization, fracture propagation to shut-in and flowback. The system identifies unexpected test behavior and triggers warnings by continuously evaluating key test metrics such as leakage rate, system compliance and surface pressure during each test phase.
This APIT system was tested optimized and validated using various historical field data in order to provide Proof-of-Concept of algorithms, test sequences and graphics user interface (GUI). Both successful and unsuccessful data chosen from NCS and the international arena were tested. The automatic interpretation algorithms from APIT are aligned with manual test interpretation performed internally in Statoil.
The APIT system is believed to be a safer and more efficient pressure testing alternative to the current manual counterpart.
First Results from the EAGE Middle-East Boot Camp Seismic Survey in the Jebel Hafeet Area
Authors: Vesnaver Aldo , Iqbal Mohammed , Bouzidi Youcef , Bruno Pier Paolo , Ali Mohammed 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Between October and November 2015, the first EAGE Middle-East BootCamp was held in the United Arab Emirates, in the Jebel Hafeet area. A seismic profile was acquired to improve our understanding of the geological evolution of the outcropping ophiolite formation, which is very rare worldwide. A major goal for this event was training both Emirati and international students in the seismic data acquisition, using state-of-the-art technology as the Single-Source Single-Sensor one. The BootCamp was promoted by EAGE (European Association of Geoscientists and Engineers) and run by faculties of the Petroleum Institute of Abu Dhabi. We present the preliminary results and the current challenges in processing and interpreting this data.
Pore Pressure Prediction Based on Seismic Data for Exploration Well Before Drilling
Authors: Xin Chen , Xiaodong Wei , Hongmei Wang , Mingqiu Zhao , Wenyuan Tian , Yuwei Wang , Yanjing Li , Yaliang Xia , Xiaohuan Yan , Xiaomig Zhou 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Pore pressure prediction before drilling is significant on ensuring drilling safety, reasonable drilling mud density, and designing well profile. It can also reduce the drilling cost and protect the hydrocarbon reservoir. With the increasing quality of seismic data and widely application of new methods, high-resolution seismic was used to reduce the uncertainty of the pore pressure prediction in this paper.
Through the past years study, workflows were developed which use the high resolution seismic for pore pressure prediction. The workflows mainly include three steps. The first step is the mechanisms analysis for pore pressure prediction. The geological genesis is the key to pore pressure prediction. Base on the geological genesis, Fillippone method was optimization and adjustment, such as seismic velocity analysis and variation rate of seismic velocity estimation based on geological consistency. After the method optimization, the overburden pressure and pore pressure will be estimated by the seismic data, integrated with regional geological data and shallow well logging data.
A postmortem from southwest of Iraq is presented showing a successful well that were better predicted before the well were drilled. The prediction result accuracy error is less than 5% compared with the measured data which is tested by well drilling and this indicates that the method can greatly improve the accuracy of pressure prediction before drilling.
With the increasing quality of seismic data, the high-resolution seismic data will play more and more important role in pore pressure prediction. The method integrated seismic, geological and well logging data for formation pressure prediction will reduce the uncertainty greatly.
Shale Gas Production Profiling by NMR
Authors: Valori Andrea , Ali Farhan , Taherian Reza , Badri Mohammed , Abdallah Wael , Cheshire Stephen G. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
One of the most uncertain aspects of producing gas shale is the prediction of production with time. Typically, the production qualitatively exhibits a two-component decline. It drops at a fast rate just after the well is stimulated (fractured), then settles with slow declining long-term production. Quantifying this decline is a crucial aspect in determining the economic viability of the well and making revenue predictions.
In this work, we reproduced in the laboratory the depletion of a gas shale reservoir using three different shale core plugs. Starting from a sample saturated with methane gas, we monitored the depletion for several days by continuously acquiring the nuclear magnetic resonance transverse relaxation time (NMR-T2) signal arising from the methane in different pore types. The results showed that we were able to develop an experimental workflow to quantify methane saturation in a shale sample down to fractions of porosity units and monitor production of gas over several days, which allowed the determination of production rates of different T2 environments in shale. We were also able to predict reasonable permeabilities with a highly simplified model in the range of 1.4 nD to 145 nD. The results also showed different behaviors of production rates despite the very similar native T2 distributions measured from the samples.
This workflow using NMR time dependent monitoring allowed us to extract an extremely rich dataset, demonstrating that permeability in unconventional reservoirs is an extremely complex phenomenon not accurately describable with a single number.
Porosity and Permeability Mapping of Heterogeneous Upper Jurassic Carbonate Reservoirs Using Enhanced Data Processing of Electrical Borehole Images, Onshore Field Abu Dhabi
Authors: Damiani P. S. , Prabantara A. , Shah R. A. , Budideti R. A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The accurate quantification of the secondary porosity portion and the characterization of the macro-porous features seem achievable only through extensive logging services and lengthy coring campaigns. Traditional logging measurements have limitations when trying to characterize the nature of the dual-porosity system of carbonate reservoirs. In a complex carbonate reservoir, such as in the Middle East case analyzed in this study, the processing of borehole images has enabled location, characterization, and quantification of the secondary porosity portion. The use of high-resolution electrical images provides the additional information necessary to obtain a continuous, detailed core-like view of the reservoir.
This paper presents the results of a pilot study performed over four key wells located in an onshore Field, 210km SW of Abu Dhabi City, UAE. The zone of interest is the Lower Arab D Member, which is part of the Upper Jurassic Arab Formation.
The novel approach presented in this paper integrates high-resolution electrical images with conventional reservoir characterization logs. This combination provides detailed full mapping and quantification of the dual-porosity system in wells logged with water-based mud. Additionally, the high-quality logging-while-drilling (LWD) and wireline images have been further exploited to obtain a continuous high-resolution permeability curve along the full length of the drain. A subsequent calibration of the results with available core data determined key paramenters that could be applied to uncored wells. Similar coefficients were used on wells with similar log signatures, structural position and image electro-facies to cored wells to obtain accurate and continuous high-resolution permeability readings.
Accurate identification of the unit with the best secondary porosity attributes will support further field development plans of the Lower Arab D Member. With the help of high-resolution full-bore electrical images, this paper aims to investigate the relationship between secondary porosity and the presence of dissolution features and natural fractures.
Management System For Effective Treatment And Cost Reduction Of Corrosion Control Chemicals In Oil Production Facilities
Authors: El-Khatib Amin , Ahli Mohamed , Al Ameri Saleh 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In any process safety system for oil and gas industry, chemical treatment for control of internal corrosion is an important barrier that would prevent loss of containment. The effectiveness of this barrier depends on input from several stakeholders in the field.
Several areas for improvement exist in the chemical handling & treatment cycle in the field such as planning of chemicals orders, scattered documentation of chemicals QA/QC, fragmented records for monitoring of injection rate, the need for comparison between actual vs. ordered chemical consumption and the need for estimating chemical injection availability.
Also, area for improvement exist in reducing annual cost of chemical consumption through improved planning of chemical orders and optimizing the dosage rate against pre-set KPIs.
Opportunities for 2nd & 3rd Generation CO2 Capture Technologies and Energy Integration in Natural Gas Processing for Use in EOR
Authors: Singh Prachi , Geuzebroek Frank 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
A high level methodology was developed for CO2 capture project in natural gas processing. This work highlights the potential CO2 emission sources in natural gas processing plant, such as from gas turbines, heaters, boiler and effluent gas of Sulphur Recovery tail gas treatment units. A preliminary evaluation of different CO2 capture technologies was conducted mainly post-combustion and oxyfiring, based on the CO2 emission sources. It was identified that for gas turbines, the post-combustion capture process together with exhaust gas recycling shows potential for application. For utility boilers and heaters both postcombustion and oxyfiring technology can be applied. CO2 capture from effluent gas from tail gas treatment unit can be done by both post-combustion and oxyfiring. A brief overview of 2nd and 3rd generation advanced CO2 post-combustion capture technologies is given. This work also highlights the potential to use available high and low grade waste heat available in natural gas processing plant for the CO2 capture process. Moreover, the impact of high ambient conditions on the CO2 capture process, mainly for amine based absorption process is highlighted. This work identifies further developments and evaluations required for current and 2nd and 3rd generation CO2 capture technologies.
Optimizing Unconventional Completions - An Integrated Approach
Authors: Fulks Robert , Hughes Simon , Geldmacher Ingo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
North American unconventional well completion design has evolved dramatically since 2013 in an effort to keep pace with the productivity gains realized in horizontal drilling. Several trends have emerged during the current industry downturn. Among these trends are a focus on core acreage with higher yield potential, the use of longer laterals, a movement towards higher proppant loading (pounds per linear foot), an increased reliance on plug and perf techniques, and decreased stage length and perforation cluster spacing (increased perf density). As a result associated improvements in well initial production (IP) rates and estimated ultimate recoveries (EUR's) have been highlighted in oil & gas operator's quarterly shareholder's reports during 2015 and early 2016.
Unconventional multi-stage completion designs have also quickly evolved along a path paralleling these trends. Horizontal well IP rates and EUR's have also been enhanced through the adoption of integrated completion designs. Recently introduced geo-engineered completions rely on cross-functional expertise and software to integrate petrophysical, geomechanical, drilling, and production data into a completion design. In cases where geo-engineered designs were used, wells showed improvements in EUR's over those associated with increased lateral lengths, proppant loading and stage counts. In one recent case using a geo-engineered design it was demonstrated that fewer stages and clusters achieved higher production than offset wells while injecting less proppant and fluid; thus achieving lower completion cost.
The use of engineered workflows in tight or unconventional reservoirs is not new. Multiple case histories have been published in recent literature illustrating the use of stress variability/contrast or mechanical specific energy (MSE) to generate brittleness or other fraccability indices to group stages with similar rock characteristics. In contrast to engineered designs, newer geo-engineered designs integrate multiple inputs (attributes) to determine basin and formation-specific weighted algorithms that correlate to stage and cluster production contribution improvement. The geo-engineered approach has proven repeatable and can be accomplished even when key wireline or LWD data is not available.
This paper will document how geo-engineered completion designs evolved from engineered workflows. Multiple inputs (e.g. production, wireline/LWD/mud logs, core analyses, and big data from national and state data bases) can be combined to determine stage length and perforation cluster positioning. Case studies will demonstrate that geo-engineered horizontal completion designs deliver superior well production results when compared to geometric, high-intensity plug & perf designs.