bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geriatric oral and maxillofacial dysfunctions in the context of geriatric syndrome
Authors: Nam Y , Kim N‐H , Kho H‐S 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo propose the application of the concept of geriatric syndrome for common geriatric oral and maxillofacial dysfunctions and to suggest the necessity of developing effective evaluation methods for oral and maxillofacial frailty.DesignThe concepts of frailty and geriatric syndrome based on multi‐morbidity and polypharmacy were applied to five common geriatric oral medicinal dysfunctional problems: salivary gland hypofunction (dry mouth), chronic oral mucosal pain disorders (burning mouth symptoms), taste disorders (taste disturbances), swallowing disorders (dysphagia), and oral and maxillofacial movement disorders (oromandibular dyskinesia and dystonia).ResultsEach of the dysfunctions is caused by various kinds of diseases and/or conditions and medications, thus the concept of geriatric syndrome could be applied. These dysfunctions, suggested as components of oral and maxillofacial geriatric syndrome, are associated and interacted with each other in a complexity of vicious cycle. The resulting functional impairments caused by this syndrome can cause oral and maxillofacial frailty.ConclusionsGeriatric oral and maxillofacial dysfunctions could be better appreciated in the context of geriatric syndrome. The development of effective methods for evaluating the severity of these dysfunctions and the resulting frailty is essential.
Multicentre analysis of current ST-elevation myocardial infarction acute care pathways
Authors: Tra Joppe , de Blok Carolien , van der Wulp Ineke , de Bruijne Martine C , Wagner Cordula 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundRapid reperfusion with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is vital for patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the guideline-recommended time targets are regularly exceeded. The goal of this study was to gain insight into how Dutch PCI centres try to achieve these time targets by comparing their care processes with one another and with the European guideline-recommended process. In addition, accelerating factors perceived by care providers were identified.MethodsIn this multiple case study, interviews with STEMI care providers were conducted, transcribed and used to create process descriptions per centre. Analyses consisted of within-case and between-case analyses of the processes. Accelerating factors were identified by means of open and axial coding.ResultsIn total, 28 interviews were conducted in six PCI centres. The centres differed from the guideline-recommended process on, for example, additional, unavoidable patient routings and monitoring delays, and from one another on the communication of diagnostic information (eg, transmitting all, only ambiguous or no ECGs) and catheterisation room preparation. These differences indicated diverging choices to maintain a balance between speed and diagnostic accuracy. Factors perceived by care providers as accelerating the process included trust in the tentative diagnosis, and avoiding unnecessary intercaregiver consultations. The combination of processes and accelerating factors were summarised in a model.ConclusionsNumerous differences in processes between PCI centres were identified. Several time-saving strategies were applied by PCI centres, however, in different configurations. To further improve the care for patients with STEMI, best practices can be shared between centres and countries.
Skin autofluorescence, a non-invasive marker of advanced glycation end products: clinical relevance and limitations
Authors: Da Moura Semedo Cidila , Webb M’Balu , Waller Helen , Khunti Kamlesh , Davies Melanie 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTAdvanced glycation end products (AGEs) are protein-bound compounds derived from glycaemic and oxidative stress that contain fluorescent properties, which can be non-invasively measured as skin autofluorescence (SAF) by the AGE Reader. SAF has been demonstrated to be a biomarker of cumulative skin AGEs and potentially may be a better predictor for the development of chronic complications and mortality in diabetes than glycated haemoglobin A1c. However, there are several confounding factors that should be assessed prior to its broader application: these include presence of other fluorescent compounds in the skin that might be measured (eg, fluorophores), skin pigmentation and use of skin creams. The aim of this article is to provide a theoretical background of this newly developed method, evaluate its clinical relevance and discuss the potential confounding factors that need further analysis.
Transglucosidase improves the bowel movements in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: A preliminary randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Shimozato Akihiro , Sasaki Makoto , Ogasawara Naotaka , Funaki Yasushi , Ebi Masahide , Goto Chiho , Koikeda Satoshi , Joh Takashi , Kasugai Kunio 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundRecent studies have highlighted the relationship between gut microbiota and bowel movements.ObjectiveWe aimed to evaluate transglucosidase treatment efficacy for bowel movements in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and to clarify the relationship between bowel movements, dietary habits, gut microbiota and fecal short‐chain fatty acids.MethodsIn this randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study, 66 patients received placebo or transglucosidase (300 or 900 mg/day) orally, for 12 weeks. Fecal bacterial communities and short‐chain fatty acids were analyzed before and after the treatment.ResultsTransglucosidase treatment significantly (p  < 0.05) affected fecal microbiota (Prevotella spp., Bacteroides spp., Bifidobacterium spp., and Clostridium subcluster XIVa) and fecal short‐chain fatty acid (acetate, valerate, succinate and lactate) content. Clostridium cluster IV, Clostridium subcluster XIVa, Clostridium cluster XVIII and fecal pH increased significantly and order Lactobacillales decreased in patients with bowel movement disorder compared with controls. Transglucosidase treatment significantly improved bowel movements compared with placebo treatment (46.2%, 95% confidence interval: 19.2–74.9% vs. 0%, 95% confidence interval: 0–33.6%, p  < 0.05). This effect was not observed in patients without bowel movement disorder.ConclusionPatients with bowel movement disorder suffer from gut dysbiosis. Transglucosidase treatment alleviates bowel movement disorder symptoms in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients by increasing fecal acetate level.
PIGN prevents protein aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum independently of its function in the GPI synthesis
Authors: Ihara Shinji , Nakayama Sohei , Murakami Yoshiko , Suzuki Emiko , Asakawa Masayo , Kinoshita Taroh , Sawa Hitoshi 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Quality control of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is essential for ensuring the integrity of secretory proteins before their release into the extracellular space. Secretory proteins that fail to pass quality control form aggregates. Here we show the PIGN-1/PIGN is required for quality control in Caenorhabditis elegans and in mammalian cells. In C. elegans pign-1 mutants, several proteins fail to be secreted and instead form abnormal aggregation. PIGN-knockout HEK293 cells also showed similar protein aggregation. Although PIGN-1/PIGN is responsible for glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis in the ER, certain mutations in C. elegans pign-1 caused protein aggregation in the ER without affecting GPI-anchor biosynthesis. These results show that PIGN-1/PIGN has a conserved and non-canonical function to prevent deleterious protein aggregation in the ER independently of the GPI-anchor biosynthesis. PIGN is a causative gene for some human diseases including multiple congenital seizure-related syndrome (MCAHS1). Two pign-1 mutations created by CRISPR/Cas9 that correspond to MCAHS1 also cause protein aggregation in the ER, implying that the dysfunction of the PIGN non-canonical function might affect symptoms of MCAHS1 and potentially those of other diseases.
Computer hexapod-assisted orthopaedic surgery provides a predictable and safe method of femoral deformity correction
Authors: Hughes A. , Heidari N. , Mitchell S. , Livingstone J. , Jackson M. , Atkins R. , Monsell F. 
Published: February 2017

AimsComputer hexapod assisted orthopaedic surgery (CHAOS), is a method to achieve the intra-operative correction of long bone deformities using a hexapod external fixator before definitive internal fixation with minimally invasive stabilisation techniques. The aims of this study were to determine the reliability of this method in a consecutive case series of patients undergoing femoral deformity correction, with a minimum six-month follow-up, to assess the complications and to define the ideal group of patients for whom this treatment is appropriate.Patients and MethodsThe medical records and radiographs of all patients who underwent CHAOS for femoral deformity at our institution between 2005 and 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Records were available for all 55 consecutive procedures undertaken in 49 patients with a mean age of 35.6 years (10.9 to 75.3) at the time of surgery.ResultsPatients were assessed at a mean interval of 44 months (6 to 90) following surgery. The indications were broad; the most common were vitamin D resistant rickets (n = 10), growth plate arrest (n = 6) and post-traumatic deformity (n = 20). Multi-planar correction was required in 33 cases. A single level osteotomy was performed in 43 cases. Locking plates were used to stabilise the osteotomy in 33 cases and intramedullary nails in the remainder. Complications included two nonunions, one death, one below-knee deep vein thrombosis, one deep infection and one revision procedure due to initial under-correction. There were no neurovascular injuries or incidence of compartment syndrome.ConclusionThis is the largest reported series of femoral deformity corrections using the CHAOS technique. This series demonstrates that precise intra-operative realignment is possible with a hexapod external fixator prior to definitive stabilisation with contemporary internal fixation. This combination allows reproducible correction of complex femoral deformity from a wide variety of diagnoses and age range with a low complication rate. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:283–8.
Orthopaedic surgical site infection surveillance in NHS England
Authors: Tissingh E. K. , Sudlow A. , Jones A. , Nolan J. F. 
Published: February 2017

Aims The importance of accurate identification and reporting of surgical site infection (SSI) is well recognised but poorly defined. Public Health England (PHE) mandated collection of orthopaedic SSI data in 2004. Data submission is required in one of four categories (hip prosthesis, knee prosthesis, repair of neck of femur, reduction of long bone fracture) for one quarter per year. Trusts are encouraged to carry out post-discharge surveillance but this is not mandatory. Recent papers in the orthopaedic literature have highlighted the importance of SSI surveillance and the heterogeneity of surveillance methods. However, details of current orthopaedic SSI surveillance practice has not been described or quantified. Patients and Methods All 147 NHS trusts in England were audited using a structured questionnaire. Data was collected in the following categories: data collection; data submission to PHE; definitions used; resource constraints; post-discharge surveillance and SSI rates in the four PHE categories. The response rate was 87.7%. Results Variation in practice was clear in all categories in terms of methods and timings of data collection and data submission. There was little agreement on SSI definitions. At least six different definitions were used, some trusts using more than one definition. Post-discharge surveillance was carried out by 62% of respondents but there was again variation in both the methods and staff used. More than half of the respondents felt that SSI surveillance in their unit was limited by resource constraints. SSI rates ranged from 0% to 10%. Conclusion This paper quantifies the heterogeneity of SSI surveillance in England. It highlights the importance of adequate resourcing and the unreliability of relying on voluntary data collection and submission. Conformity of definitions and methods are recommended to enable meaningful SSI data to be collated. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:171–4.
Ricci solitons on QR-hypersurfaces of a quaternionic space form ℚn
Authors: Nazari Z. , Abedi E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to study Ricci solitons on QR-hypersurfaces M of a quaternionic space form ℚn such that the shape operator A with respect to N has one eigenvalue. We prove that Ricci soliton on QR-hypersurfaces M with eigenvalue zero is steady and for eigenvalue nonzero is shrinking.
A Signal of Altruistic Motivation for Foreign Aid
Authors: Civelli Andrea , Horowitz Andrew W. , Teixeira Arilton 
Published: February 2017

Abstract:
We develop a stylized theoretical model showing that countercyclical transfers from a wealthy donor to a poorer recipient generate a signal of altruistic donor motivation. Applying the model to OECD foreign aid (ODA) data we find the signal present in approximately one-sixth of a large set of donor–recipient pairs. We then undertake two out-of-model exercises to validate the signal: a logit regression of signal determinants and the growth effects of ODA from signal-positive pairs are compared to non-signal bearers. The logit indicates our signal meaningfully distinguishes donor–recipient pairs by characteristics typically associated with altruism. The growth exercise shows ODA from signal bearers displays stronger reverse causation and more positive long-run effects. Beyond foreign aid, our signal of altruistic motivation may be applicable to a wide range of voluntary transfers.
Kohlenstoffspeicherung in Grünlandökosystemen - eine Fallstudie aus dem österreichischen Berggebiet / Carbon storage in grassland ecosystems – A case study from a mountainous region of Austria
Authors: Bohner Andreas , Foldal Cecilie Brigitte , Jandl Robert 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Speicherung des Kohlenstoffs (C) in Grünlandökosystemen ist in Österreich unzureichend untersucht. An drei unterschiedlichen Dauergrünland-Standorten in der Steiermark wurden für sechs repräsentative Vegetationstypen die C-Gehalte in den verschiedenen Kompartimenten des Ökosystems ermittelt, um den gesamten C-Vorrat abschätzen zu können. Die C-Speicherung wird maßgeblich vom Vegetationstyp, von den Bodeneigenschaften (insbesondere Bodentemperatur, Wasser- und Nährstoffgehalt, amorphe Eisen- und Aluminium-Oxide) und von der Bewirtschaftungsintensität (Düngung, Nutzungshäufigkeit) determiniert. Der gesamte C-Vorrat beträgt in montanen und subalpinen Grünlandökosystemen 6-10 kg C m−2. Durch Düngung kann der C-Vorrat erhöht und durch Überbeweidung oder Mahd ohne Düngung verringert werden. Die C-Speicherung im Grünlandökosystem ist bei mittlerer Bewirtschaftungsintensität am höchsten. Grünlandböden speichern deutlich mehr C als die Grünlandvegetation. Der C-Vorrat beträgt in montanen Dauergrünlandböden (0-50 cm) 5-10 kg C m−2 und in skelettreichen Almböden (0-30 cm) 5-7 kg C m−2. In montanen Grünlandböden werden beträchtliche C-Mengen (>40 %) im Unterboden (10-50 cm) gespeichert. In Almböden ist die C-Speicherung stärker auf den Oberboden konzentriert. Für die C-Speicherung im Unterboden haben amorphe Fe- und Al-Oxide eine große Bedeutung. Die Wurzelmasse bestimmt maßgeblich die C-Konzentration im Oberboden. Wurzel- und Stoppelmasse sind vor allem in Magerwiesen und Almweiden bedeutende C-Speicher und relevante Humusbildner. Bewirtschaftungsbedingte C-Vorratsänderungen treten vor allem im Oberboden auf.
Evidence of Troglotrema acutum and Skrjabingylus sp. coinfection in a polecat from Lower Austria
Authors: Duscher G. G. , Harl J. , Fuehrer H.-P. 
Published: February 2017

Summary
The trematode Troglotrema acutum and nematodes of the genus Skrjabingylus are parasitic helminths infecting nasal sinuses of mustelids. Despite different infection routes of these parasites, their occurrence becomes evident due to their destructive lesions of the bone structure of the head, which appears almost similar in both cases.
This is a report of coinfection of both the trematode and the nematode, in a polecat from Lower Austria, as well as the first attempt to barcode T. acutum. The nematode could only be found fragmen-tally, therefore accurate morphological determination was not possible. DNA barcoding was successful, however, a clear species assignment was not possible as the similarity with published COI sequences of other nematodes was only 87 % or less. The influence of both parasitic helminths on the health condition of the hosts remains elusive and has to be evaluated in separate studies.
The monoheme cytochrome c subunit of Alternative Complex III is a direct electron donor to caa3 oxygen reductase in Rhodothermus marinus
Authors: Refojo Patrícia N. , Calisto Filipa , Ribeiro Miguel A. , Teixeira Miguel , Pereira Manuela M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Alternative Complex III (ACIII) is an example of the robustness and flexibility of prokaryotic respiratory chains. It performs quinol:cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity, being functionally equivalent to the bc1 complex but structurally unrelated. In this work we further explored ACIII investigating the role of its monoheme cytochrome c subunit (ActE). We expressed and characterized the individually isolated ActE, which allowed us to suggest that ActE is a lipoprotein and to show its function as a direct electron donor to the caa3 oxygen reductase.
The EU Migration Crisis and the Baltic Security
Authors: Bagdonas Ąžuolas 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The article provides a theoretically informed commentary on the ongoing migration crisis in Europe, and discusses its causes and the currently proposed solutions to it. Irregular migration to Europe is likely to remain on the agenda of the European Union for decades to come and, in order to avoid repetitive crises, further integration is needed in the European asylum system. The article suggests that the greatest threat to the security of the Baltic States comes not from irregular migration itself, but from the policy decisions that would fail to address the EU crisis caused by it.
The impact of helophyte transpiration on vertical water exchange in water bodies
Authors: Grabowska Katarzyna , Borowiak Dariusz , Nowiński Kamil 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe article presents the results of experimental research on evapotranspiration and transpiration of a common reed bed. The study was conducted in 2014–2015 on Lake Raduńskie Górne (Kashubian Lakeland) in the summer half-year from 1 May to 31 October. In the experiment two sets of standard evaporimeters GGI-3000 were used. One of the evaporimeters was filled with water, while the second additionally contained common reed. During the experiment medium reed bed density was 240 shoots per square metre. The results of the study showed that during the research period the average daily common reed transpiration was 3.9 mm, and the daily maxima reached 12.1–12.5 mm. Average monthly transpiration totals ranged from 42.8 (October) to 208.5 mm (August). During the growing season, the loss of water to transpiration reached 872–971 mm. The average transpiration rate, determined in the conditions of already well developed reed bed (June-September), was 1.83 dm3m−2d−1. The values of the ratiosTh/EOandETh/EO, determined during the experiment, were within the ranges reported in most previous research. The average ratioTh/EOwas 1.6, and the ratioETh/EOwas 2.0. These values indicate that during the vegetation period common reed transpiration is higher by 60% from open water evaporation, and the total water losses from the common reed bed to evapotranspiration are twice as high as water loss in open water evaporation.
Sports Broadcasting
Authors: Solberg Harry Arne , Helland Knut 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The present article analyses how various forms of business integrations, combined with technology innovation, have affected the sports broadcasting market in Norway. Interviews with representatives of Norwegian TV broadcasters and transmission companies documented that extremely fierce competition can motivate former rivals to collaborate. Even the new entrants tend to operate together with others instead of operating autonomously. Such collusion can transfer market power from the sellers to the buyers of sports rights. The interviews showed how product innovations can improve the profitability of sports broadcasting. They confirmed that integration can generate economies of scope advantages (cost reductions from the joint use of inputs), for example by using labour more efficiently within parent companies. Additionally, they also showed that economies of scope advantages can come from similarities in the distribution of goods and services, not only from similarities in the production process.
Defining Crisis News Events
Authors: Olsson Eva-Karin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractResearch on news organizations’ handling of ‘what-a-story’s proposes that journalists find routines for handling these events based on their previous experiences of similar situations. Still, conceptual discussions on how to define extraordinary events or ’what-a-story’s have thus far attracted limited interest. In response, the present article proposes a definition of ‘what-a-story’s in order to provide an understanding of what events become a part of news organizations’ historical case banks. Accordingly, the aim of the article is to present a definition of crisis news events from an organizational perspective, which can help distinguish critical news events of importance to news organizations’ learning and preparedness. The article argues that crisis news are to be understood as surprise events that challenge key organizational values and demand a swift response. Based on interviews with Swedish broadcasting media managers, the article illustrates how the September 11thterror attacks can be defined as a crisis event.
Concept of a landscape map according to Professor Franciszek Uhorczak
Authors: Meksuła Mirosław W. , Grzechnik Leszek 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In the article, the concept of landscape maps by Franciszek Uhorczak (1902–1981), Professor of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, was discussed. The maps constitute a cartographic illustration of volume III, IV and V of “Universal Geography” edited by Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe (the National Scientific Publishing House) (Warsaw 1965–1967) – the first Polish small-scale landscape maps of the world. From the perspective of the 50s, an attempt was undertaken to assess the editorial assumptions, landscape typology and selection of cartographic means used by the author, paying special attention to the selection of colours representing landscapes. Also, issues raising controversies related to the degree of generalization of particular elements of the content, typology of landscapes as well as map details were indicated. The performed analysis leads to the conclusion that landscape maps by Professor F. Uhorczak constituted one of the most significant achievements of Polish thematic cartography of the 20th century, and they are an unequaled model also for the contemporary cartographers.