bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning optimal decisions with confidence
Authors: Drugowitsch Jan , Mendonça André G. , Mainen Zachary F. , Pouget Alexandre 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDiffusion decision models (DDMs) are immensely successful models for decision-making under uncertainty and time pressure. In the context of perceptual decision making, these models typically start with two input units, organized in a neuron-antineuron pair. In contrast, in the brain, sensory inputs are encoded through the activity of large neuronal populations. Moreover, while DDMs are wired by hand, the nervous system must learn the weights of the network through trial and error. There is currently no normative theory of learning in DDMs and therefore no theory of how decision makers could learn to make optimal decisions in this context. Here, we derive the first such rule for learning a near-optimal linear combination of DDM inputs based on trial-by-trial feedback. The rule is Bayesian in the sense that it learns not only the mean of the weights but also the uncertainty around this mean in the form of a covariance matrix. In this rule, the rate of learning is proportional (resp. inversely proportional) to confidence for incorrect (resp. correct) decisions. Furthermore, we show that, in volatile environments, the rule predicts a bias towards repeating the same choice after correct decisions, with a bias strength that is modulated by the previous choice’s difficulty. Finally, we extend our learning rule to cases for which one of the choices is more likely a priori, which provides new insights into how such biases modulate the mechanisms leading to optimal decisions in diffusion models.Significance StatementPopular models for the tradeoff between speed and accuracy of everyday decisions usually assume fixed, low-dimensional sensory inputs. In contrast, in the brain, these inputs are distributed across larger populations of neurons, and their interpretation needs to be learned from feedback. We ask how such learning could occur and demonstrate that efficient learning is significantly modulated by decision confidence. This modulation predicts a particular dependency pattern between consecutive choices, and provides new insight into how a priori biases for particular choices modulate the mechanisms leading to efficient decisions in these models.
Emergence of Direction Selectivity at the Convergence of Thalamo-Cortical Synapses in Visual Cortex
Authors: Lien Anthony D , Scanziani Massimo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDetecting the direction of an object’s motion is essential for our representation of the visual environment. Visual cortex is one of the main stages in the mammalian nervous system where motion direction may be computed de novo. Experiments and theories indicate that cortical neurons respond selectively to motion direction by combining inputs that provide information about distinct spatial locations with distinct time-delays. Despite the importance of this spatiotemporal offset for direction selectivity its origin and cellular mechanisms are not fully understood. We show that ~80+/−10 thalamic neurons responding with distinct time-courses to stimuli in distinct locations contribute to the excitation of mouse visual cortical neurons during visual stimulation. Integration of thalamic inputs with the appropriate spatiotemporal offset provides cortical neurons with the primordial bias for direction selectivity. These data show how cortical neurons selectively combine the spatiotemporal response diversity of thalamic neurons to extract fundamental features of the visual world.
Control and the Analysis of Cancer Growth Models
Authors: Tannenbaum Allen , Georgiou Tryphon , Deasy Joseph , Norton Larry 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this note, we analyze two cancer dynamical models from a system-theoretic point of view. The first model is based upon stochastic controlled versions of the classical Lotka-Volterra equations. Here we consider from a controls point of view the utility of employing ultrahigh dose flashes in radiotherapy. The second is based on work of Norton-Simon-Massagué growth model that takes into account the heterogeneity of a tumor cell population. We indicate an optimal strategy based on linear quadratic control applied to a linear transformed model.
Research and design of a multi-fingered hand made of hyperelastic material
Authors: Zhang Junhui , Zhang Xiufeng , Li Yang 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to provide a novel multi-fingered hand made of hyperelastic material. This kind of hand has the advantage of less mechanical parts, simpler control system. It can greatly cut down the complexity and cost of the hands under conditions of ensuring enough flexibility of grasping.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the principle of virtual work, the equations of pulling force and grasping force are derived. To get the max grasping force, the optimal structural dimensions of the hand are obtained by finite element simulations. Hand’s grasping experiment is conducted.

Findings
The factors influencing grasping force and grasping stability are identified, and they are the length between short poles around the knuckles and the height of short poles. Experimental results show that the max strain of knuckles is less than the elastic limit of hyperelastic material, and the presented hand is practicable. The adaptive ability and grasping stability of the presented hand are demonstrated.

Originality/value
A novel multi-fingered hand made of hyperelastic material is presented in this paper. By designing the thickness of every section of a hyperelastic plate, the knuckle sections will bend and other sections of the plate will remain straight, and thus, the multi-fingered hand will grasp.
A multi-vision-based system for tube inspection
Authors: Jin Peng , Liu Jian Hua , Liu Shaoli , Wang Xiao 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
Geometric errors are common in metallic bent tubular parts. Thus, tubes should be inspected and fixed before welding with the joints first. After welding, the relative position of the joints is also necessary to be inspected to judge whether the tube can be assembled reliably. Therefore, the inspection plays an important role in the tube’s assembly. The purpose of this paper is to propose a multi-vision-based system designed to inspect the tube and the relative position of the joints.

Design/methodology/approach
For the tube inspection, the small cylinders are taken as the primitives to reconstruct the tube using the multi- vision-based system. Then, any geometric error in the tube can be inspected by comparing the reconstructed models and designed ones. For joints’ inspection, authors designed an adapter with marked points, by which the system can calculate the relative position of the joints.

Findings
The reconstruction idea can recognise the line and arc segments of a tube automatically and resolve the textureless deficiency of the tube’s surface. The joints’ inspection method is simple in operation, and any kinds of joints can be inspected by designing the structure of the adapters accordingly.

Originality/value
By experimental verification, the inspection precision of the proposed system was 0.17 mm; the inspection time was within 2 min. Thus, the system developed can inspect a tube effectively and automatically. Moreover, authors can determine how the springback of the arcs behaves, allowing in-process springback prediction and compensation, which can reduce geometric errors in the tubes given the present bending machine accuracy.
Object-oriented design of product assembly feature data requirements in advanced assembly planning
Authors: Khabbazi Mahmood Reza , Wikander Jan , Onori Mauro , Maffei Antonio 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
This paper introduces a schema for the product assembly feature data in an object-oriented and module-based format using Unified Modeling Language (UML). To link production with product design, it is essential to determine at an early stage which entities of product design and development are involved and used at the automated assembly planning and operations. To this end, it is absolutely reasonable to assign meaningful attributes to the parts’ design entities (assembly features) in a systematic and structured way. As such, this approach empowers processes such as motion planning and sequence planning in assembly design.

Design/methodology/approach
The assembly feature data requirements are studied and definitions are analyzed and redefined. Using object-oriented techniques, the assembly feature data structure and relationships are modeled based on the identified requirements as five UML packages (Part, three-dimensional (3D) models, Mating, Joint and Handling). All geometric and non-geometric design data entities endorsed with assembly design perspective are extracted or assigned from 3D models and realized through the featured entity interface class. The featured entities are then associated (used) with the mating, handling and joints features. The AssemblyFeature interface is realized through mating, handling and joint packages related to the assembly and part classes. Each package contains all relevant classes which further classify the important attributes of the main class.

Findings
This paper sets out to provide an explanatory approach using object-oriented techniques to model the schema of assembly features association and artifacts at the product design level, all of which are essential in several subsequent and parallel steps of the assembly planning process, as well as assembly feature entity assignments in design improvement cycle.

Practical implications
The practical implication based on the identified advantages can be classified in three main features: module-based design, comprehensive classification, integration. These features help the automation and solution development processes based on the proposed models much easier and systematic.

Originality/value
The proposed schema’s comprehensiveness and reliability are verified through comparisons with other works and the advantages are discussed in detail.
Solder joint quality evaluation based on heating factor
Authors: Veselý Petr , Horynová Eva , Starý Jiří , Bušek David , Dušek Karel , Zahradník Vít , Plaček Martin , Mach Pavel , Kučírek Martin , Ježek Vladimír , Dosedla Milan 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to increase the reliability of manufactured electronics and to reveal reliability significant factors. The experiments were focused especially on the influence of the reflow oven parameters presented by a heating factor.

Design/methodology/approach
The shear strength of the surface mount device (SMD) resistors and their joint resistance were analyzed. The resistors were assembled with two Sn/Ag/Cu-based and one Bi-based solder pastes, and the analysis was done for several values of the heating factor and before and after isothermal aging. The measurement of thickness of intermetallic compounds was conducted on the micro-sections of the solder joints.

Findings
The shear strength of solder joints based on the Sn/Ag/Cu-based solder alloy started to decline after the heating factor reached the value of 500 s · K, whereas the shear strength of the solder alloy based on the Bi alloy (in the measured range) always increased with an increase in the heating factor. Also, the Bi-based solder joints showed shear strength increase after isothermal aging in contrast to Sn/Ag/Cu-based solder joints, which showed shear strength decrease.

Originality/value
The interpretation of the results of such a comprehensive measurement leads to a better understanding of the mutual relation between reliability and other technological parameters such as solder alloy type, surface finish and parameters of the soldering process.
Identify the equilibrium of residential construction output
Authors: Ma Le , Reed Richard , Jin Xiaohua 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
Due to the complicated nature of houses, the driving factors of the residential construction output can be investigated from different perspectives of interests. However, little research has provided an insight of the trend of the residential construction output from a cross-disciplinary perspective. The purpose of this paper is to identify the long-run equilibrium types of residential construction output, including external equilibrium, solo-market equilibrium and dual-market equilibrium.

Design/methodology/approach
A vector error correction model is applied into longitudinal data in the eight Australian states and territories to overview the regional variations of the residential construction output.

Findings
The empirical results show that the equilibrium of regional residential construction outputs in New South Wales and Victoria are determined by the external factors; the equilibrium in Western Australia is dominated by the construction market; and the equilibriums in the other five states and territories are influenced by both construction and house markets.

Research limitations/implications
The simplified approach may overlook the detailed explanation of the external factors, such as regional population, economy, policy and so forth. Given this limitation, future studies can introduce the correspondingly variables as per research interests.

Originality/value
Implementing the existing research into residential construction output and house supply, this research provides a simplified approach that demonstrates the linkage between construction and real estate sectors to identify the long-run equilibriums across regions. The underlying research sheds light in delivering inter-disciplinary research into the residential construction output.
Factors affecting the accuracy of cost estimate: case of Jordan
Authors: Hatamleh Muhammad T. , Hiyassat Mohammed , Sweis Ghaleb Jalil , Sweis Rateb Jalil 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
Cost estimating process is an important element within the project life cycle. Comprehensive information, expanded knowledge, considerable expertise, and continuous improvement are needed to obtain accurate cost estimation. The purpose of this paper is to identify the critical factors that affect accuracy of cost estimation and evaluate the degree to which these factors are important from contractors’ and consultants’ viewpoints.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative and quantitative research approaches were adopted in collecting and analyzing the data, and testing the hypotheses. Based on the literature review, a questionnaire was prepared and then was modified according to the results of face-to-face open-ended interviews conducted with 11 project managers. The final version of the questionnaire was distributed to a random sample of 265 respondents. For analyzing the collected data Kendall’s and Mann-Whitney tests were conducted.

Findings
The analysis revealed that there is a strong agreement between contractors and consultants in the ranking of the factors related to consultant, contractor, design parameters, and information. A slightly weak agreement between contractors and consultants was noted regarding the factors related to market conditions (external factors) and factors related to project characteristics. Furthermore, the results show that the top ten factors affecting the accuracy of cost estimate are clear and detail drawings and specification, pricing experience of construction projects, perception of estimation importance, equipment (cost/availability/performance), project complexity, clear scope definition, accuracy and reliability of cost information, site constraints (access, storage, services), material availability, financial capabilities of the client, and availability of database of bids on similar project (historical data).

Originality/value
Offers an original view of the concept of accuracy of cost estimates as it relates to the efficiency of the project relying on both literature review and empirical evidence.
Determinants of hotel social media continued usage
Authors: Jung Timothy Hyungsoo , Tom Dieck M. Claudia , Chung Namho 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
With the emergence of mobile devices, factors such as interaction and ubiquity have become increasingly important in the use of social media networks. However, regarding hotel guests’ use of social media, knowledge about how those factors contribute to guests’ continued social media use remains limited. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of interaction and ubiquity mediated by trust, benefits and enjoyment on hotel guests’ continued use of social media networks.

Design/methodology/approach
To examine the hypotheses, a self-administered questionnaire was posted by ten UK hotels on their social media pages. A total of 258 usable data were collected and analyzed using partial least squares analysis.

Findings
Two social media characteristics – interaction and ubiquity – influenced hotel guests’ continued use of social media via the mediating variables of trust, benefits and enjoyment.

Originality/value
This study bridges the gap in research regarding intended continued use of social media networks by offering new empirical evidence concerning the determinants of hotel guests’ continued use of social media.
Uncertainty avoidance as a moderator for influences on foreign resident dining out behaviors
Authors: Seo Sunhee , Kim Kawon , Jang Junghee 
Published: January 2018

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the moderating effect of uncertainty avoidance (UA) on the relationships among subjective knowledge, attitude toward Korean foods and dining out behavioral intentions (BI) of foreign residents in Korea.

Design/methodology/approach
A total of 247 foreign residents in Korea were participated through a street intercept survey at several locations in metropolitan areas of South Korea. Subsequently, the samples were divided into two groups (a low UA group and a high UA group) for multiple group analysis to examine the moderating role of UA.

Findings
The results of structural equation modeling showed that subjective knowledge and attitude toward Korean foods significantly influenced intention to visit Korean restaurants. Furthermore, multiple group analysis results showed that UA had a significant moderating effect as a cultural dimension on the relationships between subjective knowledge and BI, as well as between attitude and BI.

Research limitations/implications
This research has made the first attempt to account for UA in examining the relationships among subjective knowledge, attitude and BIs, especially for ambiguous situations where foreign residents who are new to the mainstream Korean food culture face challenges in visiting Korean restaurants.

Practical implications
The findings indicate that enhancing subjective knowledge about Korean foods should increase the probability of foreign residents visiting Korean restaurants, so restaurant marketers should consider subjective knowledge as they work to encourage foreign residents to try Korean foods. Furthermore, planning strategies for marketing to foreign residents should consider level of UA among foreigners.

Originality/value
This study first illustrates the value of considering the cultural trait of UA in examining dining out behavior at ethnic restaurants. The UA trait sheds light on how subjective knowledge helps predict attitude and dining out BI at ethnic restaurants.
Star power: the effect of star rating on service recovery in the hotel industry
Authors: Tsao Wen-Chin 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThis study investigated distributive justice (DJ), procedural justice (PJ) and interactional justice (IJ) in the recovery of service in the hotel industry as well as their effects on post-recovery satisfaction and the subsequent behavior of customers. This study also sought to elucidate the moderating effects of star ratings on these influences.Design/methodology/approachA field experiment design with 424 consumers using structural equation modeling was adopted to test the study hypotheses.FindingsDJ, PJ and IJ were all shown to have a significantly positive effect on post-recovery satisfaction, which in turn has a significantly positive effect on customer loyalty and significantly negative effect on customer defection. Analysis on the moderating effects of star ratings also revealed that the relationship between DJ and post-recovery satisfaction during recovery efforts is stronger for hotels with higher star ratings than for hotels with lower star ratings. During recovery, post-recovery satisfaction was shown to be more effective in reducing customer defection from hotels with lower star ratings than from hotels with higher star ratings.Practical implicationsThis study provides a reference by which hotels can match their service recovery mechanism to their star rating to retain customers and increase customer loyalty in the event of service failure.Originality/valueThis study confirms the importance of IJ in the service recovery processes in the hotel industry and provides verification that the star rating of a hotel plays a crucial role as a moderator between recovery effort and recovery effectiveness.
Motivate to innovate
Authors: Schuckert Markus , Kim Taegoo Terry , Paek Soyon , Lee Gyehee 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThis study aims to empirically test a research model investigating the effects of authentic leadership (AL) and transformational leadership (TL) on follower service innovation behavior (SIB) with follower psychological capital (PsyCap) as a partial mediator.Design/methodology/approachUsing data from a sample of 336 full-time frontline employees across 15 five-star hotels in Seoul, South Korea, over a time lag of one month, hypothesized relationships were analyzed with structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results suggest that AL has a greater effect on follower PsyCap and SIB than TL. In examining the role of PsyCap as a partial mediator, the results support the hypotheses that AL and TL trigger follower SIB directly but at the same time boost follower PsyCap, thus enhancing follower SIB.Practical implicationsThe greater impact of AL on follower PsyCap and SIB suggests that the practice of corporate human resource management should place an emphasis on AL traits in leadership development. This study offers a useful perspective on the development of follower PsyCap and SIB by linking leadership traits.Originality/valueBy discussing AL and TL together within a single research framework, the study extends organizational psychology research by linking TL and AL to two important organizational psychological and performance variables, and exploring their comparative effects.