bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parents' early healthcare transition experiences with preterm and acutely ill infants: a scoping review
Authors: Ballantyne M. , Orava T. , Bernardo S. , McPherson A. C. , Church P. , Fehlings D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundParents undergo multiple transitions following the birth of an ill infant: their infant's illness‐health trajectory, neonatal intensive care unit hospitalization and transfers from one healthcare setting to another, while also transitioning to parenthood. The objective of this review was to map and synthesize evidence on the experiences and needs of parents of preterm or ill infants as they transition within and between healthcare settings following birth.MethodsThe scoping review followed Arskey and O′Malley's () framework, enhanced by Levac et al. (). Relevant studies were identified through a comprehensive search strategy of scientific and grey literature databases, online networks, Web of Science and citation lists of relevant articles. Inclusion criteria encompassed a focus on infants undergoing a healthcare transition, and the experiences and needs of parents during transition. Studies were appraised for design quality, and data relevant to parent experiences were extracted and underwent thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 7773 records were retrieved, 90 full texts reviewed and 11 articles synthesized that represented a total sample of 435 parents of preterm or ill infants. Parents reported on their experiences in response to their infant's transition within and between hospitals and across levels of neonatal intensive care unit, intermediate and community hospital care. Ten studies used qualitative research methods, while one employed quantitative survey methods. Four key themes were identified: that of parent distress throughout transition, parenting at a distance, sources of stress and sources of support. Parents' stress resulted from not being informed or involved in the transition decision, inadequate communication and perceived differences in cultures of care across healthcare settings.ConclusionsOpportunities to improve parents' early transition experiences include enhanced engagement, communication, information‐sharing and shared decision‐making between health care providers and parents. Future areas of research should focus on early transition interventions to advance parent capacity, confidence and closeness as the primary nurturer.
A condition metric for Eucalyptus woodland derived from expert evaluations
Authors: Sinclair Steve J. , Bruce Matthew J. , Griffioen Peter , Dodd Amanda , White Matthew D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe evaluation of ecosystem quality is important for land‐management and land‐use planning. Evaluation is unavoidably subjective, and robust metrics must be based on consensus and the structured use of observations. We devised a transparent and repeatable process for building and testing ecosystem metrics based on expert data. We gathered quantitative evaluation data on the quality of hypothetical grassy woodland sites from experts. We used these data to train a model (an ensemble of 30 bagged regression trees) capable of predicting the perceived quality of similar hypothetical woodlands based on a set of 13 site variables as inputs (e.g., cover of shrubs, richness of native forbs). These variables can be measured at any site and the model implemented in a spreadsheet as a metric of woodland quality. We also investigated the number of experts required to produce an opinion data set sufficient for the construction of a metric. The model produced evaluations similar to those provided by experts, as shown by assessing the model's quality scores of expert‐evaluated test sites not used to train the model. We applied the metric to 13 woodland conservation reserves and asked managers of these sites to independently evaluate their quality. To assess metric performance, we compared the model's evaluation of site quality with the managers’ evaluations through multidimensional scaling. The metric performed relatively well, plotting close to the center of the space defined by the evaluators. Given the method provides data‐driven consensus and repeatability, which no single human evaluator can provide, we suggest it is a valuable tool for evaluating ecosystem quality in real‐world contexts. We believe our approach is applicable to any ecosystem.
Host species and vegetable fruit suitability and preference by the parasitoid wasp Fopius arisanus
Authors: Ayelo Pascal M. , Sinzogan Antonio A. , Bokonon‐Ganta Aimé H. , Karlsson Miriam F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractParasitoids that oviposit in a concealed host inside a plant part need to be able to find both the plant and the host. Egg parasitoids of fruit‐infesting Tephritidae need to assess the oviposition site based both on the host egg and the infested fruit. Infestation by Tephritidae fruit flies threatens fruit and vegetable production. Management methods have been implemented including biological control, using Fopius arisanus Sonan (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). The parasitism by F. arisanus in three Tephritidae flies in vegetable fruits was investigated. Laboratory assays were conducted to assess the parasitoid's preference and survival. Zucchini, sweet pepper, and tomato were artificially infested with eggs of Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel, Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, and Ceratitis cosyra Walker (all Diptera: Tephritidae), then exposed to mated naïve F. arisanus females in a 20:1 egg:parasitoid ratio. Parasitoid behavioral activities (resting, antennating, probing, ovipositing) were observed on the infested fruits. Parasitism rate was determined by dissection of fruit fly eggs under a stereomicroscope. Behavioral activities of F. arisanus differed between all the fruits when infested with B. dorsalis or C. cosyra eggs but differed only between some of the fruits when infested with C. capitata. Fopius arisanus preferred B. dorsalis over C. capitata and C. cosyra, with a parasitism rate 2× higher on B. dorsalis compared to the Ceratitis species. Preference for fruits was dependent on the infesting fruit fly. The emergence of F. arisanus was higher with B. dorsalis than with Ceratitis spp. Although B. dorsalis completed its development earlier than Ceratitis spp., host fly species did not affect the developmental time of F. arisanus. We discuss the significance of F. arisanus preference in relation to naturally occurring Tephritidae infestations. We also discuss whether some fruits might constitute a refuge for Tephritidae flies and whether this will affect the current biological control efforts against B. dorsalis.
Fifteen years of research on PISA effects on education governance: A critical review
Authors: Pons Xavier 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article provides a literature review on the effects of the OECD's Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) on education governance and policy process across participating countries. This review seemed necessary because there has been a growing body of literature on this topic since 2003, especially since 2010, because this literature is not always well‐known and because the discourse on the so‐called ‘PISA shock’ remains important, even if it is more of a metaphor than a concept and may be politically partial.The article exploits a dataset of 87 references which show that PISA introduced major changes in the governance of education worldwide. Driven by soft power strategies and new policy transfers, this governance is based on data and measurement tools which redefine the scales of education policies. It also shows that PISA has a strong influence on a variety of national reforms, as illustrated in many case studies. However, this influence strongly depends on domestic policy contexts that scholars intended to capture through different theoretical frameworks. Nonetheless, few propose overarching theorisations of the political meaning of PISA effects on education governance and policy processes. The article concludes by stressing three main challenges for the subsequent studies on these PISA effects: better conceptualising these effects, preserving an epistemology of uncertainty in order to avoid taken for granted views and normalising the research on PISA effects not to perpetually and artificially rediscover its so‐called novelty.
An acute bout of exercise modulates both intracortical and interhemispheric excitability
Authors: Neva J. L. , Brown K. E. , Mang C. S. , Francisco B. A. , Boyd L. A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPrimary motor cortex (M1) excitability is modulated following a single session of cycling exercise. Specifically, short‐interval intracortical inhibition and intracortical facilitation are altered following a session of cycling, suggesting that exercise affects the excitability of varied cortical circuits. Yet we do not know whether a session of exercise also impacts the excitability of interhemispheric circuits between, and other intracortical circuits within, M1. Here we present two experiments designed to address this gap in knowledge. In experiment 1, single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) were used to measure intracortical circuits including, short‐interval intracortical facilitation (SICF) tested at 1.1, 1.5, 2.7, 3.1 and 4.5 ms interstimulus intervals (ISIs), contralateral silent period (CSP) and interhemispheric interactions by measuring transcallosal inhibition (TCI) recorded from the abductor pollicus brevis muscles. All circuits were assessed bilaterally pre and two time points post (immediately, 30 min) moderate intensity lower limb cycling. SICF was enhanced in the left hemisphere after exercise at the 1.5 ms ISI. Also, CSP was shortened and TCI decreased bilaterally after exercise. In Experiment 2, corticospinal and spinal excitability were tested before and after exercise to investigate the locus of the effects found in Experiment 1. Exercise did not impact motor‐evoked potential recruitment curves, Hoffman reflex or V‐wave amplitudes. These results suggest that a session of exercise decreases intracortical and interhemispheric inhibition and increases facilitation in multiple circuits within M1, without concurrently altering spinal excitability. These findings have implications for developing exercise strategies designed to potentiate M1 plasticity and skill learning in healthy and clinical populations.
Herpes simplex virus 1 and cytomegalovirus are associated with pemphigus vulgaris but not with pemphigus foliaceus disease
Authors: Machado Aline Rafaela da Silva Rodrigues , La Serra Leonardo , Turatti Aline , Machado Alex Martins , Roselino Ana Maria 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) are blistering autoimmune diseases that depend on interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Viral infections, like herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV1/2), cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein‐Barr virus and dengue virus, could trigger or exacerbate pemphigus. IgM and IgG antibodies against these viruses in serum from PV and PF, their relatives and controls were determined. HSV1/2 expression was evaluated by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) and qPCR in affected or not oral mucosa from PV patients compared with uninjured PF mucosa. IgG anti‐HSV1 was higher in the PV group compared with all groups. IgG anti‐CMV resulted higher in PV group compared with PF patients and PV relatives. HSV1 was confirmed by DIF and qPCR on oral samples from patients with PV. Lack of HSV1 expression in the oral mucosa of patients with PF corroborate that immunosuppressive therapy cannot be the main cause for HSV1 replication in PV disease.
Probing skin physiology through the volatile footprint: Discriminating volatile emissions before and after acute barrier disruption
Authors: Duffy Emer , Jacobs Matthew R. , Kirby Brian , Morrin Aoife 
Published: March 2017

AbstractVolatile organic compounds emitted by human skin were sampled before and after acute barrier disruption of the volar forearm to investigate the significance of this approach to skin physiology research. A small wearable housing integrating a solid‐phase micro‐extraction fibre permitting rapid enclosed headspace sampling of human skin volatiles is presented, enabling non‐invasive sample collection in 15 minutes, in a comfortable wearable format. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was utilised to separate and identify the volatile metabolites. A total of 37 compounds were identified, with aldehydes (hexanal, nonanal, decanal), acids (nonanoic, decanoic, dodecanoic, tetradecanoic and pentadecanoic acids) and hydrocarbons (squalane, squalene) predominant within the chemical profile. Acute barrier disruption was achieved through tape stripping (TS) of the stratum corneum to determine the impact on the volatile signature. Principle component analysis demonstrated there to be a discriminating volatile signature before and after TS. The dysregulation of significant features was examined. Several compounds derived from sebaceous components and their oxidation products were altered following barrier disruption, including squalane, squalene, octanal and nonanal. The upregulation of glycine was also observed, which may indicate a perturbation to the skin's natural moisturising factor production. TS impacted the hydro‐lipid film that functions within the skin barrier, resulting in a differing volatile signature from affected skin. This provides a valuable non‐invasive approach for scientific and clinical studies in dermatology, particularly around dermatological disorders associated with compromised barrier function.
The gene expression and immunohistochemical time‐course of diphenylcyclopropenone‐induced contact allergy in healthy humans following repeated epicutaneous challenges
Authors: Mose Kristian F. , Burton Mark , Thomassen Mads , Andersen Flemming , Kruse Torben A. , Tan Qihua , Skov Lone , Røpke Mads A. , Litman Thomas , Clemmensen Ole , Kristensen Bjarne W. , Friedmann Peter S. , Andersen Klaus E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe gene expression time‐course of repeated challenge of contact allergy (CA) remains largely unknown. Therefore, using diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) as model allergen in healthy humans we set out to examine: (i) the monotonous and complex gene expression time‐course trajectories following repeated DPCP challenges to find the predominant gene expression pattern, (ii) the time‐course of cell infiltration following repeated DPCP challenges and (iii) the transcriptome of a repeated CA exposure model. We obtained punch biopsies from control and DPCP‐exposed skin from ten DPCP sensitized individuals at 5‐6 monthly elicitation challenges. Biopsies were used for microarray gene expression profiling, histopathology and immunohistochemical staining. Validation of microarray data by qRT‐PCR was performed on 15 selected genes. Early gene expression time points were also validated in an independent data set. An increasing and decreasing trend in gene expression followed by a plateau was predominantly observed during repeated DPCP challenges. Immune responses reached a plateau after two challenges histopathologically, immunohistochemically and in the time‐course gene expression analysis. Transcriptional responses over time revealed a Th1/Th17 polarization as three upstream regulators (IFN‐γ, IL‐1 and IL‐17) activated most of the top upregulated genes. Of the latter genes, 9 of 10 were the same throughout the time course. Excellent correlations between array and PCR data were observed. The transcriptional responses to DPCP over time followed a monotonous pattern. This response pattern confirms and supports the newly reported clinical time‐course observations in de novo‐sensitized individuals showing a plateau response, and thus, there is concordance between clinical response, histopathology, immunohistochemistry and microarray gene expression in volunteers de novo‐sensitized to DPCP.
The biology and genetics of curly hair
Authors: Westgate Gillian E. , Ginger Rebecca S. , Green Martin R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHair fibres show wide diversity across and within all human populations, suggesting that hair fibre form and colour have been subject to much adaptive pressure over thousands of years. All human hair fibres typically have the same basic structure. However, the three‐dimensional shape of the entire fibre varies considerably depending on ethnicity and geography, with examples from very straight hair with no rotational turn about the long axis, to the tightly sprung coils of African races. The creation of the highly complex biomaterials in hair follicle and how these confer mechanical functions on the fibre so formed is a topic that remains relatively unexplained thus far. We review the current understanding on how hair fibres are formed into a nonlinear coiled form and which genetic and biological factors are thought to be responsible for hair shape. We report on a new GWAS comparing low and high curl individuals in South Africa, revealing strong links to polymorphic variation in trichohyalin, a copper transporter protein CUTC and the inner root sheath component keratin 74. This builds onto the growing knowledge base describing the control of curly hair formation.
Analysis of apoptosis‐associated molecules Erythroid differentiation regulator 1, bcl‐2 and p53 in actinic keratosis after treatment with ingenol mebutate
Authors: Woo Yu Ri , Lim Ji Hong , Jeong Seo‐won , Cho Dae Ho , Park Hyun Jeong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractActinic keratosis (AK) is the most common cutaneous premalignant neoplasm precursor of malignant skin tumors. The aberrant apoptotic pathway is thought to be associated with pathogenesis of AK. Ingenol mebutate has been shown to be effective and safe for treatment of AK. However, the effect of ingenol mebutate on apoptosis‐related molecules using human skin samples has not been studied well. Erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (Erdr1) was recently reported to play a crucial role in malignant skin cancers like malignant melanoma. The role of Erdr1 in premalignant actinic keratosis (AK) has not been explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the expression of apoptosis‐associated molecules such as Erdr1, p53 and bcl‐2 was affected by the treatment of ingenol mebutate in AK. Nine patients with AK underwent skin biopsy at baseline and 8 weeks after treatment with ingenol mebutate for immunohistochemical evaluation with Erdr1, p53 and bcl‐2. In addition, skin samples from five control subjects were retrieved. Upregulation of Erdr1 and a significant decrease in expression of p53 and bcl‐2 were observed after treatment with ingenol mebutate. Ingenol mebutate treatment for AK resulted in the modulation of apoptosis‐associated molecules with an increase in the expression of Erdr1 and a decrease in the expression of p53 and bcl‐2.
Experiences of going to court: Witnesses with intellectual disabilities and their carers speak up
Authors: Beckene Tessy , Forrester‐Jones Rachel , Murphy Glynis H. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities are more vulnerable to sexual abuse and are more disadvantaged in the criminal justice system than the general population. However, little is known about the experiences of people with intellectual disabilities who have allegedly been victims of sexual abuse and also been witnesses in court.Materials and MethodsThis study used semi‐structured interviews and a Grounded Theory approach to examine the experiences of four people with intellectual disabilities and four carers/supporters who had all attended trials.ResultsFindings showed that after the traumatic incident of abuse, a court experience could become a secondary source of trauma. Experience of this trauma was dependent on the quality and quantity of support people received and the understanding of intellectual disabilities amongst the legal participants.ConclusionThe findings argue for better training for legal participants who are in contact with vulnerable witnesses and better support structures for alleged victims.
miR‐200b‐containing microvesicles attenuate experimental colitis associated intestinal fibrosis by inhibiting epithelial‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Yang Jia , Zhou Cheng‐Zhi , Zhu Rui , Fan Heng , Liu Xing‐Xing , Duan Xue‐Yun , Tang Qing , Shou Zhe‐Xing , Zuo Dong‐Mei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground and AimEpithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized by the decrease of E‐cadherin (E‐Cad) and increase in vimentin and alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA), was demonstrated to participate in inflammatory bowel disease‐related fibrosis. miR‐200b plays an anti‐fibrosis role in inhibiting EMT by targeting ZEB1 and ZEB2. But the stability of exogenous miR‐200b in blood limits its application. Microvesicles (MVs), which can transfer miRNAs among cells and prevent them from degradation, may provide an excellent transport system for the delivery of miR‐200b in the treatment of fibrosis.MethodsBone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were transfected with lentivirus to overexpress miR‐200b. The MVs packaged with miRNA‐200b were harvested for the anti‐fibrotic treatment using in vitro (transforming growth factor beta 1‐mediated EMT in intestinal epithelial cells: IEC‐6) and in vivo (TNBS‐induced intestinal fibrosis in rats) models. The pathological morphology was observed, and the fibrosis related proteins, such as E‐Cad, vimentin, α‐SMA, ZEB1, and ZEB2, were detected.ResultsMiR‐200b‐MVs would significantly reverse the morphology in TGF‐β1‐treated IEC‐6 cells and improve the TNBS‐induced colon fibrosis histologically. The treatment of miR‐200b‐MVs increased miR‐200b levels both in the IEC‐6 cells and colon, resulting in a significant prevention EMT and alleviation of fibrosis. The expression of E‐Cad was increased, and the expressions of vimentin and α‐SMA were decreased. ZBE1 and ZEB2, the targets of miR‐200b, were also decreased.ConclusionsmiR‐200b could be transferred from genetically modified BMSCs to the target cells or tissue by MVs. The mechanisms of miR‐200b‐MVs in inhibiting colonic fibrosis were related to suppressing the development of EMT by targeting ZEB1and ZEB2.
Risks of colorectal advanced neoplasia in young adults versus those of screening colonoscopy in patients aged 50 to 54 years
Authors: Kim Kyeong Ok , Yang Hyo‐Joon , Cha Jae Myung , Shin Jeong Eun , Kim Hyun Gun , Cho Young‐Seok , Boo Sun‐Jin , Lee Jun , Jung Yunho , Lee Hyun Jung , Huh Kyu Chan , Joo Young‐Eun , Park Jongha , Moon Chang Mo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThe role of screening or diagnostic colonoscopy to detect advanced neoplasia in young cohorts of age < 50 is unclear. This study compared the risk of colorectal neoplasia in a young age cohort against that in 50–54s screening cohort.MethodsA multi‐center retrospective study was conducted at 14 university hospitals to compare the detection rates of neoplasia and advanced neoplasia in screening or diagnostic colonoscopy in the young cohort of < 50s against those in screening colonoscopy in the 50–54s cohort.ResultsAmong 10 477 eligible subjects, 9765 subjects were enrolled after excluding 712 subjects. Advanced neoplasia detection rates in the young screening cohort was significantly lower than that in the 50–54s screening cohort (5.9% vs 9.3%, P < 0.001). Compared with 50–54s screening cohort, the risk of advanced neoplasia was significantly reduced by 23%, 53%, and 54% in the 45–49s, 40–44s, and 20–39s screening cohorts, respectively. The detection rates of advanced neoplasia in the young diagnostic cohort was 5.0%, which was much lower than 11.8% in 50–54s screening cohort (P < 0.001). Compared with the 50–54s screening cohort, the risk of advanced neoplasia was significantly reduced by 50%, 66%, and 71% in the 45–49s, 40–44s, and 20–39s diagnostic cohorts, respectively.ConclusionsColonoscopy to detect advanced neoplasia in young adults aged < 50 years should be reconsidered as their risk of advanced neoplasia on screening or diagnostic colonoscopy was much lower than those of 50–54s screening cohort; however, colonoscopy screening may be justified for high‐risk 45–49s cohorts.