bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of JAR‐Based Analysis for Improvement of Product Acceptance: A Case Study on Flavored Kefirs
Authors: Gere Attila , Szabó Zsófia , Pásztor‐Huszár Klára , Orbán Csaba , Kókai Zoltán , Sipos László 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA common question of dairy product developments is the possible success of the new product. Several publications reported successful results using just‐about‐right (JAR) scales; although there is some debate about their advantages/disadvantages. This study highlights the limitations and opportunities of JAR scales and penalty analysis of fruit flavored kefirs. The first question is whether penalty analysis results help to improve the product and thus its overall liking (OAL)? The second question is what happens to those who rated the products “ideal” (JAR) before product development when evaluating the new products? Fruit flavored live‐flora stirred‐type kefir samples were formulated and evaluated by 92 consumers before and after the JAR‐based product development. The OAL of two products significantly increased after product development. A new visualization tool is introduced, which shows what happens to those who rated the attribute as JAR but the attribute has been modified. A general product development scheme is also introduced for JAR‐based kefir product development.
Further Evidence on Consequences of Debt Covenant Violations
Authors: Gao Yu , Khan Mozaffar , Tan Liang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present new evidence on debt covenant violation (DCV) consequences that have not previously been examined in the literature. In particular, we show that a DCV triggers significant information asymmetry and uncertainty on the part of shareholders and auditors as reflected in higher bid–ask spreads, return volatility, and audit fees. Further, these consequences occur even when lender‐imposed costs are relatively lower, consistent with the act of default itself triggering shareholder and auditor uncertainty. The results highlight costs to the firm of having bright‐line rules in contracts, and add to an understanding of the consequences of DCVs.
The effect of fresh frozen plasma in critically ill patients
Authors: Vibede E. , Hvas C. L. , Tønnesen E. , Hvas A.‐M. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundCritically ill patients often receive fresh frozen plasma (FFP) if they have abnormal conventional coagulation tests. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of FFP transfusion judged by a wide range of coagulation tests.MethodsWe included 30 critically ill patients receiving FFP and 30 critically ill patients who did not receive FFP. For patients receiving FFP, blood samples were obtained before and 1 h after FFP transfusion. Conventional coagulation tests, thromboelastometry (ROTEM®, EXTEM, INTEM and FIBTEM) and thrombin generation were performed. Systematic recording of vital signs was performed for all patients.ResultsThe median values of the conventional coagulation tests were abnormal before and after FFP (PT: (normal > 0.6) median 0.3 before vs. 0.3 after; INR: (normal < 1.2) median 2 before vs. 1.7 after; APTT: (normal < 38 s) median 45 s before vs. 42 s after). Eight of nine ROTEM® parameters were within the reference interval judged by median values before FFP transfusion, and all median parameters were within the reference interval after FFP transfusion. Median in three of four thrombin generation parameters was within the reference interval both before and after FFP transfusion.ConclusionPatients presented abnormal conventional coagulation tests both before and after FFP transfusion. In contrast, ROTEM® and thrombin generation parameters were mainly within the reference interval both before and after FFP transfusion. FFP transfusions caused only negligible, although statically significant, improvements on coagulation measurements judged by conventional coagulation tests, ROTEM® and thrombin generation.
Haplotype structure and copy number polymorphism of the beta‐defensin 7 genes in diverse chicken breeds
Authors: Lee M. O. , Romanov M. N. , Plemyashov K. V. , Dementieva N. V. , Mitrofanova O. V. , Barkova O. Y. , Womack J. E. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBeta‐defensins is a family of avian peptides related to the innate immune system. Copy number variation was recently reported for the avian beta‐defensin 7 gene (AvBD7) between the highly inbred Leghorn and Fayoumi lines. Here, we examined copy number variants in 35 different chicken breeds and found that 31 of them have at least the same representation of the duplicated AvBD7 allele. We also found haplotypes upstream of the AvBD6 regions that are strongly linked to the AvBD7 duplication. We observed a strong linkage disequilibrium spanning of the upstream region of the AvBD6 gene, with two SNPs being flanking markers to detect duplication of the AvBD7.
A randomized controlled phase II clinical trial comparing ONO‐4053, a novel DP1 antagonist, with a leukotriene receptor antagonist pranlukast in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: Okubo K. , Hashiguchi K. , Takeda T. , Baba K. , Kitagoh H. , Miho H. , Tomomatsu H. , Yamaguchi S. , Odani M. , Yamamotoya H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundProstaglandin D2 (PGD2) is primarily produced by mast cells and is contributing to the nasal symptoms including nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a novel PGD2 receptor 1 (DP1) antagonist, ONO‐4053, in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR).MethodsThis study was a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐group study of patients with SAR. Following a one‐week period of placebo run‐in, patients who met the study criteria were randomized to either the ONO‐4053, leukotriene receptor antagonist pranlukast, or placebo group for a two‐week treatment period. A total of 200 patients were planned to be randomly assigned to receive ONO‐4053, pranlukast, or placebo in a 2:2:1 ratio. Nasal and eye symptoms were evaluated.ResultsBoth ONO‐4053 and pranlukast had higher efficacy than placebo on all nasal and eye symptoms. ONO‐4053 outperformed pranlukast in a total of three nasal symptom scores (T3NSS) as well as in individual scores for sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal itching. For T3NSS, the Bayesian posterior probabilities that pranlukast was better than placebo and ONO‐4053 was better than pranlukast were 70.0% and 81.6%, respectively, suggesting that ONO‐4053 has a higher efficacy compared with pranlukast. There was no safety‐related issue in this study.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that the efficacy of ONO‐4053 was greater than that of pranlukast with a similar safety profile. This study indicates the potential of ONO‐4053 for use as a treatment for SAR (JapicCTI‐142706).
Temporal changes in liver tissue metabolome of lambs fed low‐quality roughage
Authors: Xu Wenbin , Okayama Naoto , Iwasawa Atsushi , Yayota Masato 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEarly experience with low‐quality roughage may induce adaptations in ruminants’ metabolism. This study was conducted to explore the variation in the hepatic metabolomes of lambs fed low‐quality roughage beginning early in life. Five lambs were fed Sudan grass hay (crude protein (CP): 4.6% of the dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber, 68.5% of DM) for 6 months during time periods P1, P2 and P3, which consisted of 2 months each. The metabolizable energy (ME) and CP intake satisfied lambs’ maintenance requirements in P1 and P2, but the ME intake was 78.5% of the maintenance ME requirement in P3. Liver metabolomics was carried out in P2 and P3 by the capillary electrophoresis and time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry system. Eight amino acids and six amino acid metabolism‐related metabolites were altered between P2 and P3. Several intermediates of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis decreased, while nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate increased in P3. Taurocholic acid and taurine increased, while glycocholic acid decreased in P3. The results suggested that amino acid utilization and the efficiency of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis might be adjusted to accommodate the low‐quality roughage fed to the lambs during early stages of life. The composition of bile acids might also be optimized to promote the efficiency of lipid absorption.
Enrichment of Genetic Variants in the Glucocorticoid Receptor Signalling Pathway in Autoimmune Hepatitis with Failure of Standard Treatment
Authors: Eriksen Peter Lykke , Kreutzfeldt Martin , Grønbæk Henning , Thorsen Kasper , Vang Søren , Jessen Niels , Vilstrup Hendrik 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe standard treatment for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is predniso(lo)ne for remission induction, tapered and followed by azathioprine, which effectively controls the disease in the majority of patients. However, some patients prove to be unresponsive or non‐tolerant and require alternative immunosuppressive regimens for disease control. We aimed to investigate whether these AIH patients who experience failure of standard treatment have a genomic basis for their problem in the form of pharmacogenetic variants. Fifty‐six consecutive patients with AIH [41 female and 15 male; median age 42 years (12–76)] were retrospectively stratified according to being responders to standard therapy (n = 33) or patients with failure of standard therapy (n = 23). Their blood DNA was exome‐captured and sequenced. Genomic variants were filtered and compared between the groups using Ingenuity Variant Analysis (3.1.20150407). The exome sequencing and data processing revealed glucocorticoid receptor signalling to be the most prominently affected pathway among the patients with failure of standard therapy (highly significant). Standard treatment failure was not associated with thiopurine S‐methyltransferase variants or the HLA‐DRB1*03 genotype. In conclusion, enrichment of variants related to glucocorticoid receptor signalling was a particular genomic trait of the AIH patients in whom standard treatment failed and alternative immunosuppression was required. If confirmed, a future application of this finding may be to identify prospective cases of failure of standard treatment already at diagnosis.
Fair Resource Allocation to Health Research: Priority Topics for Bioethics Scholarship
Authors: Pratt Bridget , Hyder Adnan A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article draws attention to the limited amount of scholarship on what constitutes fairness and equity in resource allocation to health research by individual funders. It identifies three key decisions of ethical significance about resource allocation that research funders make regularly and calls for prioritizing scholarship on those topics – namely, how health resources should be fairly apportioned amongst public health and health care delivery versus health research, how health research resources should be fairly allocated between health problems experienced domestically versus other health problems typically experienced by disadvantaged populations outside the funder's country, and how domestic and non‐domestic health research funding should be further apportioned to different areas, e.g. types of research and recipients. These three topics should be priorities for bioethics research because their outcomes have a substantial bearing on the achievement of health justice. The proposed agenda aims to move discussion on the ethics of health research funding beyond its current focus on the mismatch between worldwide basic and clinical research investment and the global burden of disease. Individual funders’ decision‐making on whether and to what extent to allocate resources to non‐domestic health research, health systems research, research on the social determinants of health, capacity development, and recipients in certain countries should also be the focus of ethical scrutiny.
Intervention radiology for venous thrombosis: early thrombus removal using invasive methods
Authors: Casanegra Ana I. , McBane Robert D. , Bjarnason Haraldur 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe post thrombotic syndrome is one of the most dreaded complications of proximal deep vein thrombosis. This syndrome leads to pain and suffering with leg swelling, recalcitrant ulceration and venous claudication which greatly impairs mobility and quality of life. The prevalence can be high in patients with iliofemoral venous involvement particularly in the setting of a proximal venous stenosis, such as occurs in May Thurner syndrome. Anticoagulation alone does not reduce the likelihood of this outcome. Compression therapy may be effective but garment discomfort limits its implementation. Pharmacomechanical thrombectomy, which combines catheter‐directed thrombolysis with mechanical thrombus dissolution, provides an attractive treatment strategy for such patients. The rationale and delivery of pharmacomechanical thrombectomy, including patient selection and adjunctive antithrombotic therapy, will be reviewed in addition to tips and tricks for managing difficult patient scenarios.
Increased incidence of VTE in sickle cell disease patients: risk factors, recurrence and impact on mortality
Authors: Brunson Ann , Lei Amy , Rosenberg Aaron S. , White Richard H. , Keegan Theresa , Wun Ted 
Published: April 2017

SummaryPrevious reports show increased incidence of venous thromboembolism [VTE, deep‐vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolus (PE)] in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients but did not account for frequency of hospitalization. We determined the incidence of VTE in a SCD cohort versus matched controls. For SCD patients, risk factors for incident VTE, recurrence and the impact on mortality were also determined. Among 6237 patients with SCD, 696 patients (11·2%) developed incident‐VTE: 358 (51·6%) had PE (±DVT); 179 (25·7%) had lower‐extremity DVT only and 158 (22·7%) had upper‐extremity DVT. By 40 years of age, the cumulative incidence of VTE was 17·1% for severe SCD patients (hospitalized ≥3 times a year) versus 8·0% for the matched asthma controls. Amongst SCD patients, women (Hazard ratio [HR] = 1·22; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1·05–1·43) and those with severe disease (HR = 2·86; 95% CI: 2·42–3·37) had an increased risk of VTE. Five‐year recurrence was 36·8% in patients with severe SCD. VTE was associated with increased risk of death (HR = 2·88, 95% CI: 2·35–3·52). In this population‐based study, the incidence of VTE was higher in SCD patients than matched controls and was associated with increased mortality. The high incidence of recurrent VTE in patients with severe SCD suggests that extended anticoagulation may be indicated.
THE IMPACT OF PERSONALITY TRAITS ON WAGE GROWTH AND THE GENDER WAGE GAP
Authors: Schäfer Konrad C. , Schwiebert Jörg 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the impact of personality traits on the change of the gender wage gap. Using data from the German Socioeconomic Panel (SOEP), we first explore how personality traits affect wage growth rates. Then, a decomposition analysis is performed to analyse the dynamic effects of personality traits on the change of the gender wage gap over time. Our empirical results indicate that gender differences in conscientiousness and emotional stability lead to a widening of the wage gap over time. By contrast, gender differences in extraversion lead to a narrowing of the wage gap over time.
μ opioid receptor, social behaviour and autism spectrum disorder: reward matters
Authors: Pellissier Lucie P , Gandía Jorge , Laboute Thibaut , Becker Jérôme A J , Le Merrer Julie 
Published: April 2017

The endogenous opioid system is well known to relieve pain and underpin the rewarding properties of most drugs of abuse. Among opioid receptors, the μ receptor mediates most of the analgesic and rewarding properties of opioids. Based on striking similarities between social distress, physical pain and opiate withdrawal, μ receptors have been proposed to play a critical role in modulating social behaviour in humans and animals. This review summarizes experimental data demonstrating such role and proposes a novel model, the μ opioid receptor balance model, to account for the contribution of μ receptors to the subtle regulation of social behaviour. Interestingly, μ receptor null mice show behavioural deficits similar to those observed in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), including severe impairment in social interactions. Therefore, after a brief summary of recent evidence for blunted (social) reward processes in subjects with ASD, we review here arguments for altered μ receptor function in this pathology.This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc
IL‐5‐stimulated eosinophils adherent to periostin undergo stereotypic morphological changes and ADAM8‐dependent migration
Authors: Johansson M. W. , Khanna M. , Bortnov V. , Annis D. S. , Nguyen C. L. , Mosher D. F. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundIL‐5 causes suspended eosinophils to polarize with filamentous (F)‐actin and granules at one pole and the nucleus in a specialized uropod, the “nucleopod,” which is capped with P‐selectin glycoprotein ligand‐1 (PSGL‐1). IL‐5 enhances eosinophil adhesion and migration on periostin, an extracellular matrix protein upregulated in asthma by type 2 immunity mediators.ObjectiveDetermine how the polarized morphology evolves to foster migration of IL‐5‐stimulated eosinophils on a surface coated with periostin.MethodsBlood eosinophils adhering to adsorbed periostin were imaged at different time points by fluorescent microscopy, and migration of eosinophils on periostin was assayed.ResultsAfter 10 minutes in the presence of IL‐5, adherent eosinophils were polarized with PSGL‐1 at the nucleopod tip and F‐actin distributed diffusely at the opposite end. After 30‐60 minutes, the nucleopod had dissipated such that PSGL‐1 was localized in a crescent or ring away from the cell periphery, and F‐actin was found in podosome‐like structures. The periostin layer, detected with monoclonal antibody Stiny‐1, shown here to recognize the FAS1 4 module, was cleared in wide areas around adherent eosinophils. Clearance was attenuated by metalloproteinase inhibitors or antibodies to disintegrin metalloproteinase 8 (ADAM8), a major eosinophil metalloproteinase previously implicated in asthma pathogenesis. ADAM8 was not found in podosome‐like structures, which are associated with proteolytic activity in other cell types. Instead, immunoblotting demonstrated proteoforms of ADAM8 that lack the cytoplasmic tail in the supernatant. Anti‐ADAM8 inhibited migration of IL‐5‐stimulated eosinophils on periostin.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceMigrating IL‐5‐activated eosinophils on periostin exhibit loss of nucleopodal features and appearance of prominent podosomes along with clearance of the Stiny‐1 periostin epitope. Migration and epitope clearance are both attenuated by inhibitors of ADAM8. We propose, therefore, that eosinophils remodel and migrate on periostin‐rich extracellular matrix in the asthmatic airway in an ADAM8‐dependent manner, making ADAM8 a possible therapeutic target.
DelayedTSHrecovery after dose adjustment duringTSH‐suppressive levothyroxine therapy of thyroid cancer
Authors: Kim Hye In , Kim Tae Hyuk , Kim Hosu , Kim Young Nam , Jang Hye Won , Kim Jung‐Han , Hur Kyu Yeon , Chung Jae Hoon , Kim Sun Wook 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundDelayed thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) recovery during treatment of Graves’ disease is caused by long‐term excessive thyroid hormone, which results in downregulation of pituitary thyrotrophs. However, it is unknown whether delayedTSHrecovery exists after levothyroxine (LT4) dose reduction in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after long‐termTSHsuppression.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 97DTCpatients withLT4 dose reduction after long‐termTSHsuppression.TSHlevels at baseline (point 1), 6 months (point 2) and 12‐18 months (point 3) afterLT4 dose reduction were compared. A delayedTSHrecovery group whoseTSHlevels changed to upper targetTSHcategory (2015 revisedATAguidelines) from point 2 to point 3 was identified, and risk factors were analysed.ResultsThe medianTSHlevel at point 3 was significantly higher than that of point 2 (0.17 vs 0.09 mIU/L;P<.001). The delayedTSHrecovery group (44.3%) showed increased body weight (60.84 vs 62.73 kg;P=.01), while normal response group did not. Greater reduction (%) in theLT4 dose per weight [HR1.10, 95%CI(1.00‐1.22),P=.04] and higherBMIbefore thyroid surgery [1.19, 1.03‐1.38,P=.01] predicted the occurrence of delayedTSHrecovery, while higher dose ofLT4 per weight after reduction showed preventive effect [HR0.01, 95%CI(0.00‐0.54);P=.02].ConclusionsDelayedTSHrecovery was common duringLT4 dose reduction after long‐termTSHsuppression forDTCmanagement. Six months may not be enough forTSHrecovery and to evaluate thyroid hormone status by serumTSH.
The appropriate dose of thymoglobulin induction therapy in kidney transplantation
Authors: Nafar Mohsen , Dalili Nooshin , Poor‐Reza‐Gholi Fatemeh , Ahmadpoor Pedram , Samadian Fariba , Samavat Shiva 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThymoglobulin is used effectively as an induction agent in kidney transplantation, but there is no consensus on the optimal dose. In order to delineate the safest effective dose, an open‐labeled randomized clinical trial was designed.MethodsIn this study, 90 adult kidney transplant recipients (KTR) were randomized before transplantation in three groups to receive thymoglobulin: Arm A (4.5 mg/kg in 3 days), Arm B (4.5 mg/kg single bolus dose), and Arm C (6 mg/kg in 3 days). Renal function, infections, and rate of readmissions were evaluated during the first post transplantation year.ResultsNinety adult kidney recipients were enrolled (51% deceased donor). No significant statistical difference was found in acute rejection episodes or type of rejection between these groups, although patients in Arm A showed more severe histopathologic changes according to Banff 2013 criteria, in renal biopsies (P=.03). At the first month after transplantation serum Cr was lower (P=.001) and GFR was higher (P=.04) in Arm A, but there was no significant difference among the three groups at 3, 6, and 12 months post‐transplant.ConclusionAlthough all regimens showed the same efficacy regarding the rate of rejection episodes, 3‐day 4.5 mg/kg Thymoglobulin had significantly fewer complications.
The utility of using immunohistochemistry in the differentiation of metastatic, cutaneous clear cell renal cell carcinoma and clear cell hidradenoma
Authors: Velez Moises J. , Thomas Courtney L. , Stratton Jason , Bergfeld Wilma , Weaver Joshua 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundClear cell hidradenoma and cutaneous clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) overlap morphologically. The distinction may be difficult in a patient with a history ofCCRCC, presenting with a cutaneous nodule, potentially leading to an erroneous diagnosis. We investigated the usefulness of napsin A and paired box gene 8 (PAX‐8) with previously studied markers epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), vimentin and cluster of differentiation marker 10 (CD10) in differentiatingCCRCCfrom hidradenoma.MethodsWe evaluated hidradenomas and cutaneousCCRCCsfor immunohistochemical expression of napsin A,PAX‐8,EMA,CEA, vimentin andCD10.ResultsPAX‐8 was expressed in allCCRCCs(8/8) while negative in hidradenomas. Napsin A was negative in both hidradenomas (0/12) andCCRCCs(0/10).EMAshowed membranous reactivity in 11 of 12 hidradenomas and 8 of 10CCRCCs; and highlighted ductal epithelium in 1 of 12 hidradenomas and cystic areas in 4 of 10CCRCCs.CD10showed ductal expression in 3 of 12 hidradenomas and membranous staining in 8 of 9CCRCCs.CEAhighlighted ductal epithelium in 11 of 12 hidradenomas while absent inCCRCCs(0/10). Vimentin highlighted neoplastic cells in 8 of 8CCRCCsand failed to stain the hidradenomas (0/12).ConclusionA conservative immunohistochemical panel includingPAX‐8, vimentin andCEAallow for easy distinction ofCCRCCfrom hidradenoma, whereas napsin A added no additional value.