bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal bisection task as a predictor of cognitive deficits
Authors: Valério de Arruda Marcel , Reyes Marcelo B. , das Neves Soraia Fernandes , Herrmann Flavio , Verzili Bruna , Galduróz Ruth Ferreira 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEvidence suggests that neuropsychiatric symptoms and deficits in attentional control and executive function can impair time discrimination, demonstrating the intricate link between cognitive processes, subjective well‐being, and perception of time. However, the relationship between sleep quality and time discrimination remains elusive. This study aimed to understand differences in the temporal bisection task (TBT) performance. We expected that individuals with impaired cognition, executive function, quality of life, or sleep quality would have reduced time sensitivity. At the same time, those with stress, anxiety, or depression would show a shift in the point of subjective equality. Data were collected from 97 female participants (ranging from 20 to 72 years of age) in more than one moment, resulting in 163 measurements used for the analysis. Participants' neuropsychiatric status was assessed using a battery of tests and scales, including the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale–21 items (DASS‐21). The results showed that attention and executive control significantly affect time discrimination. In addition, the research indicated that better sleep quality is associated with improved time discrimination sensitivity.
Typical earthworm assemblages of European ecosystem types
Authors: Jupke Jonathan F. , Scheu Sebastian , Cameron Erin K. , Eisenhauer Nico , Phillips Helen R. P. , Römbke Jörg , Rutgers Michiel , Schäfer Ralf B. , Entling Martin H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor nature conservation and planning, terrestrial ecosystems are commonly classified based on their plant communities. Although soils are fundamental to ecosystem functioning, ecosystem classifications based on soil organisms are rare, and it is poorly understood whether their assemblage compositions follow existing classification schemes. We examined whether commonly used ecosystem types capture variation in earthworm (Lumbricidae) assemblages—a crucial biotic component of soil ecosystems. To this end, we created four ecosystem classifications by combining large‐scale climatic classifications (Biogeographic Regions [BGR] and Holdridge Life Zones [HLZ]) with small‐scale land cover classifications (CORINE Land Cover [CLC] and European Nature Information System [EUNIS]). European earthworm assemblage data from the sWORM and Edaphobase databases were analysed for variation in composition within and among ecosystem types, using Permutational Analysis of Variance and Analysis of Similarities. Additionally, we used Typical Species Analysis to establish typical earthworm assemblages (TAs) for each ecosystem type. Ecosystem classifications using the BGR explained more variance than HLZ, but HLZ showed a higher separation of assemblages between ecosystem types. The differentiation between Atlantic and Continental climates in the BGR could explain the superiority over the HLZ, which had only one category for the cool temperate zone of our study region. The typical assemblages contained on average six species, with some habitat generalists present in most. This study shows that combinations of ecosystem properties from different spatial scales can be used to distinguish between earthworm assemblages at the European level. However, earthworm assemblages across Europe were highly similar due to low species richness and the dominance of a few widespread species. This limits the possibility of applying TAs on large spatial scales, for example, for environmental monitoring. We suggest that future studies should explore the use of more species‐rich groups of soil organisms to characterize ecosystem types.
Effect of enzyme substitution therapy on brain magnetic resonance imaging and cognition in adults with phenylketonuria: A case series of three patients
Authors: Burlina Alessandro P. , Manara Renzo , Carretta Jessica , Cazzorla Chiara , Loro Christian , Gragnaniello Vincenza , Burlina Alberto B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhenylketonuria, the most common inherited metabolic disease, results from a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase enzyme activity that causes high blood phenylalanine levels. Most adults do not adhere to the gold standard therapy: lifelong treatment with a low‐phenylalanine diet. Elevated and fluctuating phenylalanine levels in untreated adults can cause white matter abnormalities, neurological symptoms, and cognitive dysfunction (executive function). Pegvaliase, a derivative of the phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase enzyme, metabolizes phenylalanine to trans‐cinnamic acid and ammonia, and is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency for subcutaneous administration in adults with phenylketonuria and blood phenylalanine concentrations > 600 μmol/L. In clinical trials, it reduced blood phenylalanine, even in patients consuming an unrestricted diet. We report longitudinal results on the first three such adults, in whom phenylalanine levels were quantified monthly, starting 1 year before pegvaliase administration and continuing through achievement of a pegvaliase response (defined as six consecutive monthly blood phenylalanine concentrations < 360 μmol/L while consuming an unrestricted diet). Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological assessments were performed before starting therapy and after response was achieved. Our results show that all three patients had significantly reduced white matter hyperintensities on brain MRI and improved executive function on neuropsychological assessment, especially on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, which is known to be very sensitive to white matter functioning. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of concomitant improvements in cognitive performance and white matter damage after a pharmacological intervention to normalize phenylalanine levels in adults with phenylketonuria consuming an unrestricted diet.
Associations of caring for grandchildren and great‐grandparents with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction in Chinese grandparents: The moderating roles of urban–rural residence and social participation
Authors: Zhao Hanfang , Shi Hong , He Minfu , Cui Li , Wang Shixun , Zhao Jieyu , Li Wenjun , Wei Yachen , Zhang Wenjing , Chen Ziqiang , Liu Hongjian , Zhang Xiumin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the associations of caring for grandchildren and/or great‐grandparents with depressive symptoms, as well as life satisfaction in Chinese grandparents, and analyze the moderating roles of urban–rural residence and social participation. A nationally representative sample of 2973 grandparents in families with great‐grandparents and grandchildren were selected from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CESD‐10) and the single‐item were used to measure depressive symptoms and life satisfaction. Social participation included participation in social and intellectual activities. The binary logistic regression model was employed to explore the relationship between caring and depressive symptoms, as well as life satisfaction in the whole participants, different urban–rural residence, and social participation groups, respectively. Caring was associated with depressive symptoms and life satisfaction (p < 0.05). A significant interaction existed between caring and urban–rural residence for depressive symptoms (interaction p = 0.029) and life satisfaction (interaction p = 0.027). Significant interactions were also found among caring, urban–rural residence, and social activities with depressive symptoms (interaction p = 0.025). In urban, caring for both was negatively related to depressive symptoms for the non‐social activists, while in rural, caring for great‐grandparents was positively associated with depressive symptoms for social activists (p < 0.05). Any new policy design related to preventing and reducing the possibility of mental disorders in Chinese grandparents should be tailored to heterogeneous subgroups who live in different rural–urban and social activities participation.
Warming reduces trophic diversity in high‐latitude food webs
Authors: Jackson Michelle C. , O'Gorman Eoin J. , Gallo Bruno , Harpenslager Sarah F. , Randall Kate , Harris Danielle N. , Prentice Hannah , Trimmer Mark , Sanders Ian , Dumbrell Alex J. , Cameron Tom C. , Layer‐Dobra Katrin , Bespalaya Yulia , Aksenova Olga , Friberg Nikolai , Moliner Cachazo Luis , Brooks Stephen J. , Woodward Guy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe physical effects of climate warming have been well documented, but the biological responses are far less well known, especially at the ecosystem level and at large (intercontinental) scales. Global warming over the next century is generally predicted to reduce food web complexity, but this is rarely tested empirically due to the dearth of studies isolating the effects of temperature on complex natural food webs. To overcome this obstacle, we used ‘natural experiments’ across 14 streams in Iceland and Russia, with natural warming of up to 20°C above the coldest stream in each high‐latitude region, where anthropogenic warming is predicted to be especially rapid. Using biomass‐weighted stable isotope data, we found that community isotopic divergence (a universal, taxon‐free measure of trophic diversity) was consistently lower in warmer streams. We also found a clear shift towards greater assimilation of autochthonous carbon, which was driven by increasing dominance of herbivores but without a concomitant increase in algal stocks. Overall, our results support the prediction that higher temperatures will simplify high‐latitude freshwater ecosystems and provide the first mechanistic glimpses of how warming alters energy transfer through food webs at intercontinental scales.
Historical Geography in Brazil: Examining Backgrounds and New Perspectives
Authors: Gomes da Silveira Patrícia 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe sub‐discipline of historical geography in Brazil, in contrast to the Anglophone and Francophone scholarship, often tends to be overlooked by the northern disciplinary history of this sub‐discipline. In Brazil, historical geography studies emerged in the 1980s as a result of personal initiatives. Nonetheless, in the last few years, distinct generations of Brazilian historical geographers have contributed to this sub‐discipline's promotion and recognition, mainly by diversifying their methodological approaches and research interests. Undoubtedly, developing transnational academic networks and collaborations represents a crucial contribution. This review provides an overview of the main Brazilian historical geographers engaged in studying past geographies. It delves into the central themes they address and also examines the academic conferences and research groups responsible for establishing institutional spaces to foster the practice of historical geography in Brazil in recent years. In doing so, the review calls for a ‘polyphonic’ approach to historical geography, urging the inclusion of southern sites of knowledge production and embracing a diverse scholarship beyond the English‐speaking community.
Characterization of rimegepant drug–drug interactions using the cytochrome P450 probe drugs, itraconazole, rifampin, fluconazole, and midazolam
Authors: Bhardwaj Rajinder , Morris Beth , Matschke Kyle T. , Bertz Richard , Croop Robert , Liu Jing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveReported here are the results of four rimegepant phase I studies, in healthy participants, aimed at determining the in vivo potential of rimegepant (75 mg) for cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4‐related drug–drug interactions (DDIs).BackgroundRimegepant orally disintegrating tablet (Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA) is a calcitonin gene‐related peptide receptor antagonist approved for acute treatment of migraine and preventive treatment of episodic migraine. People with migraine commonly use multiple drug treatments, with the potential for DDIs.MethodsEach study was an open‐label, single‐arm, single‐sequence, crossover study. Rimegepant was tested as a victim drug by separate co‐administration of itraconazole (a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor and P‐glycoprotein inhibitor) in Study 1, rifampin (a strong CYP3A4 inducer and moderate CYP2C9 inducer) in Study 2, and fluconazole (a strong CYP2C9 inhibitor and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor) in Study 3, and as a perpetrator drug by co‐administration with midazolam (a CYP3A4 substrate) in Study 4.ResultsMean values of single‐dose rimegepant maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0–inf) increased with itraconazole co‐administration (n = 22) by 1.42‐fold (90% confidence interval [CI] 1.25–1.61) and by 4.14‐fold (90% CI 3.87–4.44), respectively, and decreased with rifampin co‐administration (n = 21) to 36% (90% CI 31.2–41.4%) and to 19% (90% CI 16.3–21.4%), respectively. Co‐administration with fluconazole (n = 23) increased rimegepant mean AUC0–inf by 1.80‐fold (90% CI 1.68–1.93), with no impact on Cmax (1.04‐fold; 90% CI 0.94–1.15). Co‐administration of rimegepant single dose (300 mg; n = 14) or multiple doses (150 mg/day; n = 14) increased the mean Cmax of midazolam by 1.38‐fold (90% CI 1.13–1.67) and 1.53‐fold (90% CI 1.32–1.78), respectively, and the AUC0–inf of midazolam by 1.86‐fold (90% CI 1.58–2.19) and 1.91‐fold (90% CI 1.63–2.25), respectively.ConclusionsBased on the magnitude of DDIs, these studies indicate the following: co‐administration of rimegepant with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor should be avoided; during co‐administration with a moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, another dose of rimegepant within 48 h should be avoided; co‐administration of rimegepant with a strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducer should be avoided; CYP2C9 does not play a meaningful role in rimegepant metabolism; and there is no clinically meaningful CYP3A4 inhibition by rimegepant.
Chemsex and its impact on gay and bisexual men who have sex with men: Findings from an online survey in Belgium
Authors: Platteau Tom , Herrijgers C. , Barvaux V. , Vanden Berghe W. , Apers L. , Vanbaelen T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe study aimed to estimate the prevalence of sexualized drug use, or chemsex, in a wide group of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (gbMSM) in Belgium. It examined which drugs gbMSM used before and during sex, the frequency with which they used it, whether they experienced non‐consensual sex, and evaluated the impact of chemsex on the health and professional and social lives of respondents.MethodsWe conducted an online survey among Belgian gbMSM. Five specific questions on chemsex were included in the survey. These questions assessed whether gbMSM engaged in chemsex. If they did, they were asked to provide information on which drugs they had used and how often. We asked whether their and their partners' boundaries had been respected and whether and how engaging in chemsex had affected a range of life domains.ResultsOf 836 respondents, 258 (30.9%) self‐reported having had sex under the influence of substances (“chemsex”) in the previous 6 months. Of these, 227 (88%) were considered chemsex users according to the definition used for the analysis. Poppers (73%), gamma‐hydroxybutyrate/gamma‐butyrolactone (GHB/GBL; 69%) and cathinones (68%) were the most commonly reported substances. Almost half of respondents (45%) engaging in chemsex were high on drugs during at least half of their sexual encounters. Nearly 1 in 10 (9%) reported that boundaries had not been respected, suggesting non‐consensual sexual activities. The 82 respondents experiencing negative impacts from their chemsex use reported that mental health (65%), physical health (40%) and sexual health (38%) were most impacted.DiscussionOur findings provide a snapshot of the current chemsex situation in Belgium. The frequency of chemsex is concerning because several health, professional and social aspects are impacted. Almost 1 in 10 respondents using chemsex reported that chemsex impacted consent around sex, requiring additional efforts to eradicate these non‐consensual sexual experiences. Therefore, larger scale research focusing on respected boundaries and consent during chemsex and the frequency of drug use for sex seems required. Additionally, sensitisation, as well as care and support programmes are critical.
Modeling the contribution of self‐efficacy, collective efficacy, and autonomy to professional creativity of Chinese EFL teachers
Authors: Huang Mingjun , Zhang Meiru , Greenier Vincent 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the modern educational landscape, teacher creativity has a vital role, especially in language education. Teacher creativity plays a crucial role in today's world, and some studies have explored the factors influencing creativity among language teachers. The present research explored the impact of psychological factors, self‐efficacy, collective efficacy, and autonomy on the professional creativity of Chinese English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers. These interconnected concepts provide a holistic perspective on motivation and performance, impacting both individuals and groups. In a study involving 542 English teachers from diverse backgrounds (varying in gender, age, and teaching experience) within Chinese educational settings, researchers administered four distinct scales: teacher creativity, self‐efficacy, collective efficacy, and autonomy. The responses were then analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The analysis revealed a significant relationship between Chinese EFL teachers’ self‐efficacy, collective efficacy, and autonomy, and their creativity. Specifically, regression analysis indicated that higher levels of self‐efficacy and collective efficacy were statistically associated with better creativity among teachers (p < 0.05). The model further showed that 52% of the differences in teachers’ professional creativity can be described by their self‐efficacy, while approximately 37% of the variance is attributed to collective efficacy. Additionally, autonomy accounts for approximately 61% of the variance in teachers’ professional creativity. The results from the SEM analysis corroborate the existing literature, affirming that self‐efficacy, collective efficacy, and autonomy significantly influence professional creativity among Chinese EFL teachers. These psychological factors play a crucial role in enhancing individual teacher creativity. Educational administrators can leverage these insights to design focused professional development programs that strengthen teachers’ self‐efficacy and collective efficacy. Additionally, granting teachers greater autonomy in curriculum design and implementation fosters an environment where creative teaching strategies are more likely to flourish.
Effect of phosphorylated modification on natural inulin: structural characterisation and gel properties
Authors: Chen Qiang , Luo Denglin , Yue Chonghui , Bai Zhouya , Li Peiyan , Wang Libo , Han Sihai 
Published: October 2024

SummaryTo improve the gel properties of natural inulin (FI), in this study, FI was phosphorylated to prepare natural inulin phosphodiester (PDFI). The structures of FI and PDFI were characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), particle size and scanning electron microscopy. FI and PDFI gels (mass fraction 20%–40%) were prepared and stored for 0–7 days to study their effects on water‐holding capacity, rheology and texture properties. The FTIR spectra showed absorption peaks of P‐O‐C and P=O bonds, indicating that some hydroxyl groups were replaced and phosphorylation was successful. Compared with FI, the specific surface area of PDFI was increased 7.7‐fold and the microstructure was smoother. When the fraction of PDFI was 35%, the water‐holding rate of PDFI gel was 21.2%, 23.3%, 19.7%, 19.1% and 19.3% higher than FI gel at different storage time, respectively. PDFI gel with higher mass fraction (25%–40%) had lower hardness. Rheological analysis showed that PDFI gels had stronger viscoelastic and solid‐like properties. These results reveal native inulin phosphorylation improved gel properties.
Biological Reference Ranges for Healthy Indian Blood Donors: Experience of a Tertiary Care Center Vis‐à‐Vis International Literature
Authors: Goel Shalini , Tiwari Aseem Kumar , Gahlot Pawan Kumar , Singh Manish Kumar , Saxena Renu , Jadhav Vaibhav , Sethi Monisha , Jin Tan Swee 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionComplete blood count is the most common, basic test requisitioned in hematology. The normal reference ranges of hematological parameters are required owing to variable socioeconomic, environmental, and genetic factors in populations. The current study determines the reference ranges of the healthy Indian donor population of a high socioeconomic group.MethodsThe study was conducted in the Department of Transfusion Medicine at a tertiary care hospital in India and included 4098 individuals, aged 18–65 years coming for voluntary blood donation from July 2021 to October 2022. Blood samples were collected in K2EDTA, analyzed on the Sysmex XN‐1500 hematology analyzer, and using statistical tools, the normal reference ranges were calculated.ResultsThe reference ranges for hemoglobin (HB) (137–185 g/L), WBC (5.1–11.7 × 109/L), platelet count (115.6–370.0 × 109/L) were noted. [Correction added on 22 10 2024, after first online publication: The WBC value has been corrected in this version.] No statistically significant changes were observed in different age groups. There were gender‐wise differences noted in nearly all parameters. The HB and hematocrit (HCT) range was slightly higher in other Indian and other Asian populations with comparable values with the Chinese, Korean populations, and Western populations; RBC parameters were overall comparable with minor differences; the WBC count was higher than the other Indian and Asian populations particularly the upper limit of lymphocyte and monocyte; and the range of platelet counts had a comparable upper limit with all populations and had the lowest lower value in males in our study, which was comparable to only the Chinese population.ConclusionsIt is concluded that reference ranges of common parameters were calculated with minor changes noted in all hematological parameters on comparing with other Indian, Asian population, and Western data.
Informal employment in the health sector: Examining gender disparities
Authors: Ehab Maye , Mosaad Fatma 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the association between informal employment as a form of non‐standard employment and the prevalence of in‐work poverty for women in the health sector. We measured in‐work poverty using a binary indicator that provides information on whether an individual has earnings above or below the low earnings threshold. The indicator takes into account household size and whether other household members are also in paid work. Using data from the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey for the years 2012 and 2018 and logit models, we found that being employed within the health sector increased the likelihood of in‐work poverty among non‐standard employees, both men and women. However, higher risks of in‐work poverty were witnessed among women working informally in the health sector compared to other sectors. This increased risk was particularly observed when comparing non‐standard employment in the health sector to non‐standard employment in non‐health sectors. Furthermore, marital status plays a critical role in economic wellbeing, with never‐married women being more susceptible to in‐work poverty compared to ever‐married women.