bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison Of Internet And Classroom Students Performance In The Course Information Society
Authors: Zhou Zehai , Reed Roger 
Published: March 2016

This empirical study investigated the performance of the students who took an undergraduate course “Information Society” either online, or in a traditional classroom setting in the semesters fall 2002, spring 2003, spring 2004, and summer 2003. Our study analyzed the performance of 279 students in those semesters. The students in each semester or summer session completed the same course work, including listening to the same lectures and taking the same exams. The results of our analysis indicates that that the Internet students performed at least in the same level as the on-campus students and that the online delivery method did not negatively affect success of the students. However, we also found that the non-completion rates for the course Information Society (SOC285) in fall 2002 and spring 2004 were different for students who took the course online or in a traditional classroom setting, indicating that Internet students in the course had more difficulties in finishing the course. The third major finding is that for online delivery, the students in the short summer session (in summer 2003) performed as well as students in normal semesters (fall 2002, spring 2003, and spring 2004) in terms of both completion rate and median scores.
Assessment Of The Excellence Of Academic Advising: Lessons Learned
Authors: Afshar Tahmoures , Dhiman Satinder 
Published: March 2016

Numerous studies have described the importance of the quality of academic advising in student retention. Some studies have explored the impact of effective academic advising on student retention rates while others have explored the correlation between student retention/satisfaction and advisor-student interaction. Recent studies have also demonstrated the range of students’ expectations about academic advising. However, there are not very many studies to indicate what factors affect an advisor’s effectiveness and success in their performance. Our study attempts to fill this gap in the literature by incorporating these issues in an academic advising effectiveness process. For the purpose of this study, a sample of 225 students in an urban, private university was used to assess the excellence in academic advising. We found that excellence in academic advising is greatly linked to such factors as students’ personal, cultural, and academic background, including the quality of their relationship with their advisor.
An Examination Of Accounting Majors Ethical Decisions Before And After An Ethics Course Requirement
Authors: Rogers Violet , Smith Aileen 
Published: March 2016

The increased focus on ethical decision making in the accounting profession has resulted in greater attention being paid to the education of future accountants. Texas is one of the states that requires a State Board approved university course in Accounting Ethics to be on the transcript of prospective CPA candidates. This study reports on research using senior/graduate level accounting majors at a Texas state university before the university course requirement and after the requirement. The survey presented four vignettes for the students to consider (i.e., 2 describe an ethical decision and 2 describe an unethical decision). Students were requested to indicate (1) how ethical/unethical they believed the actions described were and (2) the probability that they would take the same action as the actor. The results of the analysis indicate no significant differences in the responses of the students whenever the vignette describes a situation in which the accountant makes an ethical decision. However, significant differences were indicated in both decisions whenever the students were dealing with a vignette describing an accountant making an unethical decision.
Accounting Issues: An Essay Series Part VI - Investments In Securities
Authors: Laux Judy 
Published: March 2016

This series is designed to restore to the introductory accounting course the theoretical structure now missing from most principles texts. Laux 2007(a) offers the justification, and thus far the series has addressed the other major assets—cash, accounts receivable, inventory, property, and intangible assets. "The Conceptual Framework at a Glance" section of the 2007 work uses the hierarchy of accounting characteristics (displayed on the following page) along with a mountain-hiking analogy to describe some of the daily accounting dilemmas encountered at the base of the mountain, potential measurement and classification issues associated with the adjusting process in the foothills of the journey, and the goal to be reached at the mountain top—reflecting economic reality, thereby making the information useful for decision makers. To that end, the current article briefly reviews the fundamental accounting rules for investments in marketable securities, followed by a section outlining the conceptual framework connections and measurement issues. Finally, the last section introduces some real-world examples of companies that have struggled with securities-related reporting. The section also looks at some of the literature devoted to investments, both conceptual and empirical.
Attitude Toward Democracy In Pakistan: Secondary School Teachers Perceptions
Authors: Sarwar Muhammad , Yousuf Muhammad Imran , Hussain Shafqat 
Published: March 2016

The study aimed at exploring the public sector secondary school teachers’ perceptions for development of democratic values and strategies to improve the democratic system and attitudes toward democracy. Sixty secondary school teachers were selected as a sample. The qualitative data in the form of interview responses were collected to explore teachers’ perceptions about democracy, problems in the smooth running of democracy and remedies to these problems. Five-point Likert-type attitude toward democracy scale (ATDS) was developped to assess the attitude of secondary school teachers toward democracy. The data were analysed by applying one sample t-test. The study provide discussion at concusions drawn about democratic values and attitude of teachers toward democracy.
The Effect Of Summarization On Intermediate EFL Learners Reading Comprehension And Their Performance On Display, Referential And Inferential Questions
Authors: Ghabanchi Zargham , Mirza Fateme Haji 
Published: March 2016

This study examined the effect of summarization as a generative learning strategy of the readers' performance on reading comprehension, in general, and reading comprehension display, referential and inferential questions in particular. The subjects in this study were 61 high school students. They were assigned to two groups - control and experimental – each given the same texts taught by one of the researchers during ten sessions. In the control group, learners automatically used their own self-preferred strategies; but the experimental group was taught how to summarize the paragraphs. Then all were post-tested on their achievement of the instructed texts. The results revealed that the use of summarization did not have a significant effect on the readers' performance on display and inferential questions. As for the referential questions, however, the results demonstrated a significant effect for the use of summarization.
Phytochemical investigation and <i>in vitro</i> antimicrobial activity of <i>Richardia scabra</i>
Authors: Poonkodi Kathirvel , Ravi Subban 
Published: March 2016

<p class="Abstract">The present study was aimed to evaluate the phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether and methanol extracts from the mature leaves of <em>Richardia scabra</em> from India. Disc diffusion method was used to determine the zone inhibition of the tested samples for antibacterial and agar plug method was used to determine the antifungal activity, while the microtube-dilution technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Both extracts showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities when tested against 10 bacterial and four fungal strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the methanol extract of<em> R. scabra</em> ranged between 12.5–100 μg/mL for bacterial strains. Alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, fatty acids, terpenoids and simple sugar were detected as phytoconstituents of extracts. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report against antimicrobial activity of common weed species <em>R. scabra</em> found in India.</p><p> </p>
Licensing Commitments in Standard Setting Organizations
Authors: Lévêque François , Ménière Yann 
Published: March 2016

Les organismes de standardisation ont mis en place des politiques ad hoc imposant aux propriétaires de brevets dits « essentiels » à un standard de s’engager ex ante à licencier ces brevets à des conditions raisonnables et non discriminatoires. Toutefois, la capacité de ces engagements à protéger réellement les utilisateurs du standard contre le hold-up est controversée. Dans cet article, nous développons un modèle permettant d’analyser l’effet d’engagements FRAND non contraignants, et de les comparer avec des engagements contraignants sur un niveau de redevance ou un plafond de redevance. Nous montrons que l’engagement sur un tel plafond est systématiquement préféré par le propriétaire de brevets, et qu’il a des effets ambigus sur les consommateurs en fonction de la stratégie alternative préférée du donneur de licence. JEL Codes: K21, L.
Transient Surface CCR5 Expression by Naive CD8+ T Cells within Inflamed Lymph Nodes Is Dependent on High Endothelial Venule Interaction and Augments Th Cell–Dependent Memory Response
Authors: Askew David , Su Charles A. , Barkauskas Deborah S. , Dorand R. Dixon , Myers Jay , Liou Rachel , Nthale Joseph , Huang Alex Y. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn inflamed lymph nodes, Ag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells encounter Ag-bearing dendritic cells and, together, this complex enhances the release of CCL3 and CCL4, which facilitate additional interaction with naive CD8+ T cells. Although blocking CCL3 and CCL4 has no effect on primary CD8+ T cell responses, it dramatically impairs the development of memory CD8+ T cells upon Ag rechallenge. Despite the absence of detectable surface CCR5 expression on circulating native CD8+ T cells, these data imply that naive CD8+ T cells are capable of expressing surface CCR5 prior to cognate Ag-induced TCR signaling in inflamed lymph nodes; however, the molecular mechanisms have not been characterized to date. In this study, we show that CCR5, the receptor for CCL3 and CCL4, can be transiently upregulated on a subset of naive CD8+ T cells and that this upregulation is dependent on direct contact with the high endothelial venule in inflamed lymph node. Binding of CD62L and CD11a on T cells to their ligands CD34 and CD54 on the high endothelial venule can be enhanced during inflammation. This enhanced binding and subsequent signaling promote the translocation of CCR5 molecules from intracellular vesicles to the surface of the CD8+ T cell. The upregulation of CCR5 on the surface of the CD8+ T cells increases the number of contacts with Ag-bearing dendritic cells, which ultimately results in increased CD8+ T cell response to Ag rechallenge.
The Relationship between Exports and Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkhateeb Tarek Tawfik Yousef , Mahmood Haider , Sultan Zafar Ahmad 
Published: March 2016

<p>One of the most important objectives of an economy is to achieve high rate of economic growth so as to improve the well-being of their citizen. For the purpose, export-oriented policy measures are more preferably prescribed in the recent past. The present study aims at to find the linkages between exports and economic growth in case of Saudi Arabia. The study uses the most efficient unit root, cointegration and causality tests to find the true relationships between exports and economic growth. The study tries to examine the dynamic association for exports and economic growth in Saudi Arabia. Applying more popular time series technique of long run relationship and causality, the paper finds the long-run cointegration relationships in our export-growth model. Further, we have found feed-back effect in export-growth relationships and suggest the further export-promotion to foster economic growth in Saudi Arabia. </p>
Engaging the African Academic Diaspora: How Ready Are Universities in Africa?
Authors: Oanda Ogachi Ibrahim 
Published: March 2016

While academic discussions on the negative effects of intellectual brain drain have been widely documented in the literature, the recourse to the academic diaspora as a resource to revitalise higher education institutions in Africa is recent. This recent positive consideration of the academic diaspora has largely been driven by academics in the African Diaspora, a reaction to the increased visibility of the African Diaspora generally as an economic resource to develop Africa, as attested by the African Union’s recognition of the Diaspora as its 6th region. The persisting challenges to fully benefit from diaspora intellectual resources seem to lie on the lack of clear policy and thought from the African political and university leadership to embrace this alternative more sustainably. Equally lacking are detailed studies mapping the terrain of academic cultures within universities in Africa, and the readiness of African institutions to embrace the academic diaspora. This article attempts to provide such a perspective. The article reports data from a background study in which the author participated, regarding engagements between African Diaspora academics and African universities. The data is complemented by information gleaned from policy documents of universities in East Africa, to unravel their readiness to embrace the academic diaspora in terms of their strategies. Alors que les discussions académiques sur les conséquences néfastes de la fuite des cerveaux ont été largement documentées dans la littérature, le sujet du recours à la diaspora académique pour revitaliser l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique n’est apparu que récemment. Ce sont les universitaires de la diaspora africaine qui sont à l’origine de cette vision positive de la diaspora académique, une réaction à la reconnaissance croissante de la diaspora comme ressource économique pour le développement de l’Afrique. Ceci a été notamment attesté par l’Union Africaine qui a reconnu la diaspora comme sa sixième région. Le manque de politiques claires de la part des autorités politiques et académiques pour profiter plus durablement des ressources intellectuelles de la diaspora empêche cependant de bénéficier pleinement de cette possibilité. On manque également d’études détaillées sur la culture académique des universités africaines et sur leur volonté d’inclure la diaspora académique. Cet article propose une telle perspective. Il présente les données d’une étude de fond, à laquelle l’auteur a participé, sur les interactions entre les universitaires de la diaspora africaine et les universités africaines. Ces données sont complétées par des informations glanées dans les documents stratégiques d’universités de l’est africain, pour déterminer leur volonté d’inclure la diaspora académique dans leur stratégie.
Server‐side workflow execution using data grid technology for reproducible analyses of data‐intensive hydrologic systems
Authors: Essawy Bakinam T. , Goodall Jonathan L. , Xu Hao , Rajasekar Arcot , Myers James D. , Kugler Tracy A. , Billah Mirza M. , Whitton Mary C. , Moore Reagan W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMany geoscience disciplines utilize complex computational models for advancing understanding and sustainable management of Earth systems. Executing such models and their associated data preprocessing and postprocessing routines can be challenging for a number of reasons including (1) accessing and preprocessing the large volume and variety of data required by the model, (2) postprocessing large data collections generated by the model, and (3) orchestrating data processing tools, each with unique software dependencies, into workflows that can be easily reproduced and reused. To address these challenges, the work reported in this paper leverages the Workflow Structured Object functionality of the Integrated Rule‐Oriented Data System and demonstrates how it can be used to access distributed data, encapsulate hydrologic data processing as workflows, and federate with other community‐driven cyberinfrastructure systems. The approach is demonstrated for a study investigating the impact of drought on populations in the Carolinas region of the United States. The analysis leverages computational modeling along with data from the Terra Populus project and data management and publication services provided by the Sustainable Environment‐Actionable Data project. The work is part of a larger effort under the DataNet Federation Consortium project that aims to demonstrate data and computational interoperability across cyberinfrastructure developed independently by scientific communities.
Resonant near‐surface inertial oscillations in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Gough Matt K. , Reniers A. J. H. M. , MacMahan Jamie H. , Howden Stephan D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe inertial frequency is nearly diurnal at 30°N latitude which transects the northeastern Gulf of Mexico (NeGoM). At this latitude, near‐surface inertial oscillations can amplify due to resonance with diurnal wind forcing. Diurnal oscillations have also been attributed to diurnal tidal forcing in this region. Because tidal forcing, wind forcing, and inertial oscillations are nearly diurnal, a unique series of comparative analyses are required to determine their relative influence on surface circulation. By comparing surface currents obtained by HF radar to predictions of the inertial response to wind forcing and barotropic tidal currents, it is found that diurnal oscillations in the NeGoM were predominantly due to wind‐forced inertial oscillations in June 2010. The analyses provide a unique spatiotemporal perspective of inertial oscillations in the NeGoM where there is evidence of propagation, frequency and phase shifts, and amplitude variability. Because inertial oscillations mix the ocean differently than the tides, these results provide insight into how inertial oscillations potentially mixed oil from the Deepwater Horizon spill in June 2010. Near‐diurnal oscillations during the winter were found to be predominantly due to tidal forcing when wind‐driven inertial oscillations were diminished due to a presumably deeper mixed layer.
Numerical experiments of the storm track sensitivity to oceanic frontal strength within the Kuroshio/Oyashio Extensions
Authors: Yao Yao , Zhong Zhong , Yang Xiu‐Qun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe sensitivity of the North Pacific storm track to midlatitude oceanic frontal strength within the Kuroshio/Oyashio Extensions is investigated by applying artificially changed meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradients in the Weather Research Forecasting model version 3.4. The result of sensitivity experiments further confirms the close relationship between the storm track activity and meridional SST gradient; i.e., the storm track activity can be intensified as a response to increases in the oceanic frontal strength. In order to better understand the mechanism for the storm track intensification due to increased SST gradient, velocity‐temperature correlation and local energetics are analyzed. The result indicates that the enhancement of the meridional SST gradient leads to amplitude magnification of eddy meridional velocity and temperature and their phase consistency, suggesting that synoptic‐scale eddies tend to approach the optimum structure for the baroclinic energy conversion, which is mainly responsible for the SST front‐induced enhancement of storm track activity. In order to estimate the impact of the oceanic front on the maintenance of the near‐surface baroclinicity, further investigation is made by the composite analysis. With the increase in oceanic frontal strength, the near‐surface baroclinicity experiences a slow but strong restoration. The increase in the meridional SST gradient results in the intensification in the cross‐frontal differential sensible heat flux, which can more effectively offset the relaxing effect of the transient eddy poleward heat transport.
Polarimetric radar and aircraft observations of saggy bright bands during MC3E
Authors: Kumjian Matthew R. , Mishra Subashree , Giangrande Scott E. , Toto Tami , Ryzhkov Alexander V. , Bansemer Aaron 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPolarimetric radar observations increasingly are used to understand cloud microphysical processes, which is critical for improving their representation in cloud and climate models. In particular, there has been recent focus on improving representations of ice collection processes (e.g., aggregation and riming), as these influence precipitation rate, heating profiles, and ultimately cloud life cycles. However, distinguishing these processes using conventional polarimetric radar observations is difficult, as they produce similar fingerprints. This necessitates improved analysis techniques and integration of complementary data sources. The Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E) provided such an opportunity. Quasi‐vertical profiles of polarimetric radar variables in two MC3E stratiform precipitation events reveal episodic melting layer sagging. Integrated analyses using scanning and vertically pointing radar and aircraft measurements reveal that saggy bright band signatures are produced when denser, faster‐falling, more isometric hydrometeors (relative to adjacent times) descend into the melting layer. In one case, strong circumstantial evidence for riming is found during bright band sagging times. A bin microphysical melting layer model successfully reproduces many aspects of the signature, supporting the observational analysis. If found to be a reliable indicator of riming, saggy bright bands could be a proxy for the presence of supercooled liquid water in stratiform precipitation, which may provide important information for mitigating aircraft icing risks and for constraining microphysical models.