bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of NRAS isoform 2 overexpression as a mechanism facilitating BRAF inhibitor resistance in malignant melanoma
Authors: Duggan Megan C. , Stiff Andrew R. , Bainazar Maryam , Regan Kelly , Olaverria Salavaggione Gonzalo N. , Maharry Sophia , Blachly James S. , Krischak Madison , Walker Christopher J. , Latchana Nicholas , Tridandapani Susheela , de la Chapelle Albert , Eisfeld Ann-Kathrin , Carson William E. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
This study indicates that one of the isoforms of NRAS, specifically NRAS isoform 2, plays a role in BRAF inhibitor resistance by facilitating alternative survival signaling through the PI3K pathway in the presence of MAPK pathway inhibition. Targeting NRAS isoform 2 may be a beneficial treatment strategy in the prevention and management of BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma.
Individuals with greater science literacy and education have more polarized beliefs on controversial science topics
Authors: Drummond Caitlin , Fischhoff Baruch 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Public opinion toward some science and technology issues is polarized along religious and political lines. We investigate whether people with more education and greater science knowledge tend to express beliefs that are more (or less) polarized. Using data from the nationally representative General Social Survey, we find that more knowledgeable individuals are more likely to express beliefs consistent with their religious or political identities for issues that have become polarized along those lines (e.g., stem cell research, human evolution), but not for issues that are controversial on other grounds (e.g., genetically modified foods). These patterns suggest that scientific knowledge may facilitate defending positions motivated by nonscientific concerns.
Southern Annular Mode drives multicentury wildfire activity in southern South America
Authors: Holz Andrés , Paritsis Juan , Mundo Ignacio A. , Veblen Thomas T. , Kitzberger Thomas , Williamson Grant J. , Aráoz Ezequiel , Bustos-Schindler Carlos , González Mauro E. , Grau H. Ricardo , Quezada Juan M. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Fire is a key ecological process affecting ecosystem dynamics and services, driven primarily by variations in fuel amount and condition, ignition patterns, and climate. In the Southern Hemisphere, current warming conditions are linked to the upward trend in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) due to ozone depletion. Here we use tree ring fire scar data obtained from diverse biomes ranging from subtropical dry woodlands to sub-Antarctic rainforests to assess the effect of the SAM on regional fire activity over the past several centuries. Our findings reveal a tight coupling between fire activity and the SAM at all temporal scales and in all biomes, with increased wildfire synchrony and activity during the 20th century compared with previous centuries.
Targeted habitat restoration can reduce extinction rates in fragmented forests
Authors: Newmark William D. , Jenkins Clinton N. , Pimm Stuart L. , McNeally Phoebe B. , Halley John M. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Most species extinctions after habitat loss are delayed. Thus, there are important, yet insufficiently appreciated, opportunities to conserve species through habitat restoration. Here, we assess the impact of targeted habitat restoration on how long tropical bird species might persist in two tropical biodiversity hotspots—the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Persistence times could be increased up to 56-fold by regenerating forest among the largest and closest forest fragments at these two localities. Given the unusually large numbers of threatened and endemic species that occur in other biodiversity hotspots, opportunities to enhance species persistence through habitat restoration should be explored elsewhere.
Soil carbon debt of 12,000 years of human land use
Authors: Sanderman Jonathan , Hengl Tomislav , Fiske Gregory J. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Land use and land cover change has resulted in substantial losses of carbon from soils globally, but credible estimates of how much soil carbon has been lost have been difficult to generate. Using a data-driven statistical model and the History Database of the Global Environment v3.2 historic land-use dataset, we estimated that agricultural land uses have resulted in the loss of 133 Pg C from the soil. Importantly, our maps indicate hotspots of soil carbon loss, often associated with major cropping regions and degraded grazing lands, suggesting that there are identifiable regions that should be targets for soil carbon restoration efforts.
US cities can manage national hydrology and biodiversity using local infrastructure policy
Authors: McManamay Ryan A. , Surendran Nair Sujithkumar , DeRolph Christopher R. , Ruddell Benjamin L. , Morton April M. , Stewart Robert N. , Troia Matthew J. , Tran Liem , Kim Hyun , Bhaduri Budhendra L. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
We introduce a unique and detailed data-driven approach that links cities’ hard infrastructures to their distal ecological impacts on streams. Although US cities concentrate most of the nation’s population, wealth, and consumption in roughly 5% of the land area, we find that city infrastructures influence habitats for over 60% of North America’s fish, mussel, and crayfish species and have contributed to local and complete extinctions in 260 species. We also demonstrate that city impacts are not proportionate to city size but reflect infrastructure decisions; thus, as US urbanization trends continue, local government and utility companies have opportunities to improve regional aquatic ecosystem conditions outside city boundaries through their hard infrastructure policies.
Foxp3-independent mechanism by which TGF-β controls peripheral T cell tolerance
Authors: Oh Soyoung A. , Liu Ming , Nixon Briana G. , Kang Davina , Toure Ahmed , Bivona Michael , Li Ming O. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
A functional immune system requires a highly diverse repertoire of T cells to optimize protection against foreign pathogens while maintaining tolerance against self-antigens. Two critical pathways in the control of T cell tolerance are the cytokine TGF-β and Foxp3-expressing Treg cells. However, since TGF-β promotes Treg cell development, and Treg cells also produce the cytokine, whether TGF-β and Treg cells are part of the same regulatory module to repress self-reactive T cells or function as distinct pathways remains incompletely understood. Using a mouse model of autoimmune diabetes, this study elucidates a dominant role for a Foxp3-independent mechanism of TGF-β signaling in the regulation of T cell tolerance.
Stalled replication forks generate a distinct mutational signature in yeast
Authors: Larsen Nicolai B. , Liberti Sascha E. , Vogel Ivan , Jørgensen Signe W. , Hickson Ian D. , Mankouri Hocine W. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The molecular mechanisms that generate genome alterations and genetic heterogeneity in proliferating cells are technically challenging to delineate. To analyze mutagenic outcomes at a perturbed replication fork, we engineered an inducible replication fork barrier, coupled with a genetic reporter, into the yeast genome. We demonstrate that replication fork stalling triggers a cellular response mechanism that can generate localized losses and duplications of DNA sequences as an associated cost. Because the key proteins involved in this process are evolutionarily conserved in eukaryotes, we propose these findings may reveal a ubiquitous cellular response to DNA replication stress, as well as a conserved mechanism of DNA replication-associated mutagenesis.
Hsp90 activator Aha1 drives production of pathological tau aggregates
Authors: Shelton Lindsey B. , Baker Jeremy D. , Zheng Dali , Sullivan Leia E. , Solanki Parth K. , Webster Jack M. , Sun Zheying , Sabbagh Jonathan J. , Nordhues Bryce A. , Koren John , Ghosh Suman , Blagg Brian S. J. , Blair Laura J. , Dickey Chad A. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The accumulation of toxic tau protein, as in Alzheimer’s disease, is regulated by the 90-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) chaperone system. Inhibition of Hsp90 has been shown to reduce tau levels. However, Hsp90 inhibition can be problematic due to a lack of blood–brain barrier permeability and established toxicities. Here, we demonstrate that the Hsp90 cochaperone, ATPase homolog 1 (Aha1), dramatically increases the production of aggregated tau in vitro and in a mouse model of neurodegenerative disease. Moreover, inhibition of Aha1 reduced tau accumulation in cultured cells. These data identify Aha1 as a target for the treatment of tauopathies.
MLKL forms disulfide bond-dependent amyloid-like polymers to induce necroptosis
Authors: Liu Shuzhen , Liu Hua , Johnston Andrea , Hanna-Addams Sarah , Reynoso Eduardo , Xiang Yougui , Wang Zhigao 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Necroptosis is a programmed form of necrotic cell death which is implicated in a wide range of human pathological conditions. It is controlled by receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and its substrate mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). Phosphorylated MLKL forms tetramers and translocates to membrane fractions to induce cell death. Here we report that MLKL tetramers further polymerize to form disulfide bond-dependent amyloid-like fibers, which are required for necroptosis. Furthermore, induced polymerization of the MLKL N-terminal domain is sufficient to activate necroptosis without RIPK3. This work reveals a mechanism for MLKL activation and generates exciting directions for necroptosis regulation.
Predicting gene regulatory networks by combining spatial and temporal gene expression data inArabidopsisroot stem cells
Authors: de Luis Balaguer Maria Angels , Fisher Adam P. , Clark Natalie M. , Fernandez-Espinosa Maria Guadalupe , Möller Barbara K. , Weijers Dolf , Lohmann Jan U. , Williams Cranos , Lorenzo Oscar , Sozzani Rosangela 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceWe developed a computational pipeline that uses gene expression datasets for inferring relationships among genes and predicting their importance. We showed that the capacity of our pipeline to integrate spatial and temporal transcriptional datasets improves the performance of inference algorithms. The combination of this pipeline withArabidopsisstem cell-specific data resulted in networks that capture the regulations of stem cell-enriched genes in the stem cells and throughout root development. Our combined approach of molecular biology, computational biology, and mathematical biology, led to successful findings of factors that could play important roles in stem cell regulation and, in particular, quiescent center function.
Tracking the insulator-to-metal phase transition in VO
2
with few-femtosecond extreme UV transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Jager Marieke F. , Ott Christian , Kraus Peter M. , Kaplan Christopher J. , Pouse Winston , Marvel Robert E. , Haglund Richard F. , Neumark Daniel M. , Leone Stephen R. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
An insulator-to-metal phase transition is a process that changes a solid material from being electrically nonconductive to being conductive. The phase transition in vanadium dioxide is a well-studied example where the process can occur in less than a picosecond, making it exciting for ultrafast electronic switches. This paper measures a record speed for the phase transition of 26 fs into a long-lived excited state of the metal that persists out to >60 ps. The extreme UV absorption spectrum of the material is also measured and (together with the ultrafast timescale) belies a structural mechanism that has long been deliberated. The measured femtosecond timescale provides fundamental insight into the electronic speed limits of these complex phenomena.
In situ nano- to microscopic imaging and growth mechanism of electrochemical dissolution (e.g., corrosion) of a confined metal surface
Authors: Merola C. , Cheng H.-W. , Schwenzfeier K. , Kristiansen K. , Chen Y.-J. , Dobbs H. A. , Israelachvili J. N. , Valtiner M. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
A surface forces apparatus was used with an electrochemical attachment to directly visualize electrochemical reactions, dissolution, and pitting on surfaces when confined in nanoscale gaps (or “crevices”) in real time. The results provide unique insights into how two closely apposed surfaces degrade under confinement, which is different from degradation of surfaces exposed to bulk solution. Degradation proceeds via local nucleation of “pits” at the periphery or center of the “contact area” that rapidly grow outward (in radius) and, more slowly, in depth, until the pits converge and the whole area has become one large pit. The results on a metal–inorganic interface are similar to previous observations on inorganic interfaces, and support a general mechanism of “pitting corrosion” at confined interfaces.
Late-stage magmatic outgassing from a volatile-depleted Moon
Authors: Day James M. D. , Moynier Frédéric , Shearer Charles K. 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceThe “Rusty Rock” 66095 is one of the most volatile-rich rocks from the Moon. The abundance and isotopic composition of volatile elements in the Rusty Rock demonstrates that its lunar interior source became highly depleted in volatile elements and compounds, including Zn, Cl, and Pb. Depletion of these and other volatile elements occurred during thermomagmatic evolution of the Moon and a magma ocean phase. The volatile-rich nature of some rocks on the lunar surface likely originates from extreme degassing and volatile loss from the Moon’s interior. Light zinc isotopic compositions in the Rusty Rock and in the lunar volcanic glass beads (74220, 15426) imply that these samples are partly derived from reservoirs that experienced vapor condensation from a volatile-poor Moon.
Covalent inhibitors for eradication of drug-resistant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase: From design to protein crystallography
Authors: Chan Albert H. , Lee Won-Gil , Spasov Krasimir A. , Cisneros José A. , Kudalkar Shalley N. , Petrova Zaritza O. , Buckingham Amanda B. , Anderson Karen S. , Jorgensen William L. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) has been the prime target for anti-HIV chemotherapy; however, its rapid mutation often generates drug resistance. Prominent variant strains of HIV-1 that lead to treatment failure with nonnucleoside RT inhibitors (NNRTIs) bear the Tyr181Cys mutation in RT. Based on our previous discovery and crystallography for potent noncovalent NNRTIs, new compounds were designed with incorporation of chemical warheads intended to modify covalently Cys181. Here we report on the success of the strategy, including biochemical, biophysical, and cellular evidence of the desired irreversible covalent inhibition. The new compounds completely eliminate the activity of Cys181-bearing RT, and it may be possible to dose them less frequently than noncovalent inhibitors.
Pulmonary Hypertension: Clinical Parameters of a Difficult Case in Pregnancy
Authors: Calhoun Byron C. 
Published: August 2017

Treatment of pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy with a prostacyclin analogue-iloprost and/or calcium channel antagonists appears to improve outcomes and survival. These medications could have been administered to the patient and the response monitored. If the patient did not respond to therapy, this patient may have had either a referral to or transfer to another high risk center with more experience in this type of pregnant patient. There is no literature to support termination of pregnancy improving maternal survival outcomes in these patients, even though termination is recommended by all obstetrical textbooks. Maternal survival, rather, appears to be related to response to therapy, type of therapy, and continuation of therapy. Summary A patient who is pregnant with pulmonary hypertension (increased right-sided heart pressures) may be managed with medications. There is no literature to support termination of pregnancy improving maternal survival outcomes in patients with pulmonary hypertension, even though termination is recommended by all obstetrical textbooks. Maternal survival, rather, appears to be related to response to therapy, type of therapy, and continuation of therapy.
Ethical intuitionism and the linguistic analogy
Authors: Schwind Philipp 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIt is a central tenet of ethical intuitionism as defended by W. D. Ross and others that moral theory should reﬂect the convictions of mature moral agents. Hence, intuitionism is plausible to the extent that it corresponds to our well-considered moral judgments. After arguing for this claim, I discuss whether intuitionists oﬀer an empirically adequate account of our moral obligations. I do this by applying recent empirical research by John Mikhail that is based on the idea of a universal moral grammar to a number of claims implicit in W. D. Ross’s normative theory. I argue that the results at least partly vindicate intuitionism.
Dungeness Crab Trap Catch Efficiency Related to Escape Ring Location and Size
Authors: Stearns George , Conrad Robert , Winfrey David , Shippentower-Games Nancy , Finley Deanna 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The Dungeness crab Metacarcinus magister (Cancer magister) supports a commercially important fishery along the West Coast of the United States. Only male crabs above a certain size limit may be retained (i.e., legal-size males). Escape rings are used in traps to create circular holes that facilitate the release of both females and undersized males (sublegal crabs). Sublegal crabs that are retained in a trap can suffer stress, injury, and mortality. In this experiment, both the location and size of the escape ring were modified in an effort to reduce retention rates of sublegal crabs. Four different trap configurations were used: (1) a standard trap without escape rings (control configuration); (2) an unmodified trap with two 4.25-in-diameter escape rings on top (standard configuration); (3) a standard trap with one 4.25-in-diameter escape ring placed in each corner adjacent with the bottom (modified 4.25-in configuration); and (4) a trap with two 4.5-in-diameter escape rings on top and one 4.5-in-diameter escape ring placed in each corner adjacent with the bottom (modified 4.5-in configuration). Two different catch statistics were compared among trap configurations: catch of legal-size males and catch of sublegal crabs. No statistical difference was observed in the catch of legal-sized males in any trap configuration. Compared with the standard configuration, the two modified configurations caught significantly fewer sublegal crabs. Catches of sublegal crabs were not statistically different between the modified 4.25-in and modified 4.5-in configurations.
Received December 6, 2016; accepted June 13, 2017 Published online August 22, 2017
Final report, on-going key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with VSL, September 2016
Authors: Viallon Joële , Moussay Philippe , Idrees Faraz , Wielgosz Robert , Heikens Dita , Veen Adrian van der 
Published: August 2017

As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone national standard of the Netherlands maintained by the Van Swinden (VSL) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount-of-substance fraction range from 0 nmol/mol to 500 nmol/mol

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Accelerated losses of protected forests from gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Asner Gregory P , Tupayachi Raul 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Gold mining in Amazonia involves forest removal, soil excavation, and the use of liquid mercury, which together pose a major threat to biodiversity, water quality, forest carbon stocks, and human health. Within the global biodiversity hotspot of Madre de Dios, Peru, gold mining has continued despite numerous 2012 government decrees and enforcement actions against it. Mining is now also thought to have entered federally protected areas, but the rates of miner encroachment are unknown. Here, we utilize high-resolution remote sensing to assess annual changes in gold mining extent from 1999 to 2016 throughout the Madre de Dios region, including the high-diversity Tambopata National Reserve and buffer zone. Regionally, gold mining-related losses of forest averaged 4437 ha yr−1. A temporary downward inflection in the annual growth rate of mining-related forest loss following 2012 government action was followed by a near doubling of the deforestation rate from mining in 2013–2014. The total estimated area of gold mining throughout the region increased about 40% between 2012 and 2016, including in the Tambopata National Reserve. Our results reveal an urgent need for more socio-environmental effort and law enforcement action to combat illegal gold mining in the Peruvian Amazon.
Understanding smallholders’ intended deforestation behavior in the Brazilian Cerrado following environmental registry
Authors: Rasmussen Laura Vang , Jung Suhyun , Brites Alice Dantas , Watkins Cristy , Agrawal Arun 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Brazil’s Rural Environmental Registry (CAR) is a potentially promising avenue to slow deforestation on private properties as it facilitates the monitoring of land use. Yet limited empirical evidence exists on how the CAR affects smallholders’ behavior and recent scholarly efforts have in fact indicated that it may be doing less to protect forests than previously assumed. Based on 1177 smallholder surveys conducted in the Cerrado, we assess 1) whether the CAR might incentivize smallholders to pursue deforestation and 2) which factors are associated with smallholders’ intended deforestation behavior. We find that upon CAR registration, factors significantly associated with smallholders’ intention to deforest are: the existing percentage of native vegetation on the property, the use of agricultural loans, property owner’s age, and livestock production experience. To curb deforestation that may follow expressed intentions of smallholders, the CAR, and environmental registration programs alike, should account for existing land use by, for example, improving the system already in place for trading areas of native vegetation as this system is not widely adopted by those smallholders with more native vegetation than the legal cut-off. Also, such programs should assess the role of whether conditions related to land cover maintenance may protect against deforestation if credit access is supported especially to younger smallholders and/or livestock producers with a high percentage of native vegetation in their properties.