bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The evolutionary history of Stomatopoda (Crustacea: Malacostraca) inferred from molecular data
Authors: Van Der Wal Cara , Ahyong Shane T. , Ho Simon Y.W. , Lo Nathan 
Published: September 2017

The crustacean order Stomatopoda comprises seven superfamilies of mantis shrimps, found in coastal waters of the tropics and subtropics. These marine carnivores bear notable raptorial appendages for smashing or spearing prey. We investigated the evolutionary relationships among stomatopods using phylogenetic analyses of three mitochondrial and two nuclear markers. Our analyses recovered the superfamily Gonodactyloidea as polyphyletic, withHemisquillaas the sister group to all other extant stomatopods. A relaxed molecular clock, calibrated by seven fossil-based age constraints, was used to date the origin and major diversification events of stomatopods. Our estimates suggest that crown-group stomatopods (Unipeltata) diverged from their closest crustacean relatives about 340 Ma (95% CRI [401–313 Ma]). We found that the specialized smashing appendage arose after the spearing appendage ∼126 Ma (95% CRI [174–87 Ma]). Ancestral state reconstructions revealed that the most recent common ancestor of extant stomatopods had eyes with six midband rows of hexagonal ommatidia. Hexagonal ommatidia are interpreted as plesiomorphic in stomatopods, and this is consistent with the malacostracan ground-plan. Our study provides insight into the evolutionary timescale and systematics of Stomatopoda, although further work is required to resolve with confidence the phylogenetic relationships among its superfamilies.
Hydrothermal Venting at Hinepuia Submarine Volcano, Kermadec Arc: Understanding Magmatic‐Hydrothermal Fluid Chemistry
Authors: Stucker Valerie K. , Walker Sharon L. , de Ronde Cornel E. J. , Caratori Tontini Fabio , Tsuchida Shinji 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Hinepuia volcanic center is made up of two distinct edifices aligned northwest to southeast, with an active cone complex in the SE. Hinepuia is one of several active volcanoes in the northern segment of the Kermadec arc. Regional magnetic data show no evidence for large‐scale hydrothermal alteration at Hinepuia, yet plume data confirm present‐day hydrothermal discharge, suggesting that the hydrothermal system may be too young to have altered the host rocks with respect to measurable changes in magnetic signal. Gravity data are consistent with crustal thinning and shallow mantle under the volcanic center. Following the discovery of hydrothermal plumes over Hinepuia, the submersible Shinkai 6500 was used to explore the SE cone and sample hydrothermal fluids. The chemistry of hydrothermal fluids from submarine arc and backarc volcanoes is typically dominated by water‐rock interactions and/or magmatic degassing. Chemical analyses of vent fluids show that Hinepuia does not quite fit either traditional model. Moreover, the Hinepuia samples fall between those typically ascribed to both end‐member fluid types when plotted on a K‐Mg‐SO4 ternary diagram. Due to evidence of strong degassing, abundant native sulfur deposition, and H2S presence, the vent sampled at Hinepuia is ultimately classified as a magmatic‐hydrothermal system with a water‐rock influence. This vent is releasing water vapor and magmatic volatiles with a notable lack of salinity due to subcritical boiling and phase separation. Magmatic‐hydrothermal fluid chemistry appears to be controlled by a combination of gas flux, phase separation processes, and volcano evolution and/or distance from the magma source.
The Impacts of Seawater Mg/Ca and Temperature on Element Incorporation in Benthic Foraminiferal Calcite
Authors: de Nooijer L. J. , van Dijk I. , Toyofuku T. , Reichart G. J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOn geological timescales, oceanic [Mg2+] and [Ca2+] vary with changing rates of weathering, seafloor spreading and dolomite formation. Accurate reconstruction of the ratio between [Mg2+] and [Ca2+] in seawater (Mg/Casw), may potentially be reconstructed using foraminiferal Mg/Ca ratios. Since both temperature and seawater Mg/Ca impact foraminiferal Mg/Ca, successful reconstruction of Mg/Casw requires quantification of both these parameters independently on foraminiferal Mg/Ca, as well as their combined effect on Mg‐incorporation. Here we present the combined and isolated impacts of temperature and Mg/Casw on Mg incorporation in two model species, the benthic hyaline (i.e., perforate) foraminifer Elphidium crispum and porcelaneous (i.e., miliolid) foraminifer Quinqueloculina sp. using controlled growth experiments. Specimens of these two species were kept at four different temperatures (ranging from 10 to 27°C) and three Mg/Casw's (3.4, 6.4 and 8.5 mol/mol), resulting in 12 experimental conditions. Newly grown calcite was analyzed for a number of elements (Na, Mg and Sr) by laser ablation‐ICP‐MS. Results show that although the Mg/Ca varied by more than an order of magnitude between species, the sensitivity of Mg incorporation with respect to temperature appeared not to be influenced by Mg/Casw. By extension, these results may also help improving accuracy in the reconstruction of past Mg/Casw based on foraminifera with contrasting Mg/Ca.
A Possible Causative Mechanism of Raton Basin, New Mexico and Colorado Earthquakes Using Recent Seismicity Patterns and Pore Pressure Modeling
Authors: Nakai J. S. , Weingarten M. , Sheehan A. F. , Bilek S. L. , Ge S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Raton Basin had the highest number of earthquakes in Colorado and New Mexico from 2008 to 2010. The rate of both wastewater injection and earthquakes in the basin increased dramatically starting in 1999 and 2001, respectively. We compare seismicity (ML0.0–4.3) in the Raton Basin from 2008 to 2010 with the location of modeled pore pressure increases, estimated from cumulative wastewater injection volume beginning at the onset of well injection to present for all 28 injection wells in the basin. We find that modeled pore pressures in the New Mexico portion of the basin (above 0.08 MPa) reached that necessary to induce seismicity (0.01–0.1 MPa). We simulate a fault plane, 20 km long, inferred from seismicity in Vermejo Park (1355 of 1881 total earthquakes), in our model. We find that the relatively permeable fault allows pressures to migrate deeper into the basin at the onset of our study in 2008, providing an explanation for the observed seismicity in the basement. The Tercio lineament of earthquakes is similar to Vermejo Park fault in strike, but has fewer earthquakes (129) and is shorter in length (9 km). Seismicity in Vermejo Park occurs continuously, but earthquakes occur episodically in the remainder of the basin. The number of earthquakes we observe in seven seismic clusters increases as the cumulative injected volume from wells within 5 km increases. The modeled pore pressures, earthquake locations, and relationship between cumulative volume and number of earthquakes indicate that seismicity in the Raton Basin is likely induced.
An Assessment of Drift Correction Alternatives for CMIP5 Decadal Predictions
Authors: Choudhury Dipayan , Sen Gupta Alexander , Sharma Ashish , Mehrotra Rajeshwar , Sivakumar Bellie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDrift correction is an important step before using the outputs of decadal prediction experiments and has seen considerable research. However, most drift correction studies consider a relatively small sample of variables and models. Here, we present a systematic application of the existing drift correction strategies for decadal predictions of various sea surface temperature‐based metrics from a suite of five state‐of‐the‐art climate models (CanCM4i1, GFDL‐CM2.1, HadCM3i2&i3, MIROC5, and MPI‐ESM‐LR). The best method of drift correction for each metric and model is reported. Preliminary analysis suggests that there is no single method of drift correction that consistently performs best. Initial condition‐based drift correction provides the lowest errors in most regions for MIROC5 and the two HadCM3 models, whereas the trend‐based drift correction produces lowest errors for CanCM4i1, GFDL‐CM2.1, and MPI‐ESM‐LR over the largest share of the area. There is no merit in using a k‐nearest neighbor approach for these drift correction methods. Further, in almost all cases, the multimodel ensemble outperforms the individual models, and thus, the study conclusively suggests using forecasts based on multimodel averages. We also show some additional benefit to be gained by drift correcting each model/metric using their best correction method prior to model averaging and suggest that the results presented here would help potential users expend time and resources judiciously while dealing with outputs from these experiments.
Impact of Lateral Mixing in the Ocean on El Nino in a Suite of Fully Coupled Climate Models
Authors: Gnanadesikan Anand , Russell Alexandria , Pradal Marie‐Aude , Abernathey Ryan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe examine the dependence of the amplitude of the El Nino‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the mixing coefficient parameterizing the lateral mixing of tracers (ARedi) The value of this coefficient is very uncertain, ranging in Earth System Models between a few hundred and a few thousand m2 s−1, with some observational estimates showing even higher values. A suite of simulations is made with two spatially varying distributions of ARedi derived from satellite observations as well as four simulations where a spatially constant ARedi is varied over a factor of 6. Surprisingly, larger values of ARedi result in stronger ENSO variability despite the higher mixing coefficients producing more efficient lateral diffusive damping of anomalies. This is because lateral mixing also warms the cold tongue, increasing vertical temperature gradients and decreasing horizontal temperature gradients. Larger vertical temperature gradients make sea surface temperatures more responsive to atmospheric forcing, while smaller horizontal temperature gradients shift the location of convection and make the atmosphere more responsive to sea surface temperature anomalies. The last effect holds across simulations as well as within individual simulations and thus also helps to explain interdecadal variability in ENSO amplitude. By contrast, a previously proposed anticorrelation between the amplitude interannual and annual variability does not hold across simulations, although it does hold within simulations. The propagation of thermocline depth anomalies is relatively insensitive to the value of ARedi. Properly specifying the lateral mixing along the equator (including distinguishing the impacts of subgridscale turbulence and tropical instability waves) appears essential to simulating ENSO.
Timing and Impact of Decisions to Adjust Disease‐Modifying Antirheumatic Drug Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients With Active Disease
Authors: Shaw Yomei , Chang Chung‐Chou H. , Levesque Marc C. , Donohue Julie M. , Michaud Kaleb , Roberts Mark S. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveGuidelines recommend that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with moderate‐to‐high disease activity (MHDAS) adjust disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy at least every 3 months until reaching low disease activity or remission (LDAS). We examined how quickly RA patients with MHDAS adjust DMARD therapy in clinical practice, and whether those who adjust DMARDs within 90 days in response to MHDAS reach LDAS sooner.MethodsWe identified RA patients with MHDAS in the University of Pittsburgh Rheumatoid Arthritis Comparative Effectiveness Research registry, and conducted a competing risks regression on time to DMARD therapy adjustment and a Cox regression on time to LDAS.ResultsWe identified 538 eligible subjects with 943.5 patient‐years of followup. Sixty percent of patients with persistent MHDAS adjusted DMARDs within 90 days. Among all subjects, median times to DMARD adjustment and LDAS were 154 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–706) days and 301 (IQR 140–706) days, respectively. Being elderly (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 0.61, P = 0.02), lower baseline disease activity (SHR 0.72, P < 0.01), longer duration of RA (SHR 0.98, P < 0.01), and biologic use (SHR 0.71, P < 0.01) were significantly associated with longer times to therapy adjustment. African American race (hazard ratio [HR] 0.63, P = 0.01), higher baseline disease activity (HR 0.75, P < 0.01), and not adjusting DMARD therapy within 90 days (HR 0.76, P = 0.01) were associated with longer times to LDAS.ConclusionAdjusting DMARDs within 90 days was associated with shorter times to LDAS, but many patients with persistent MHDAS waited >90 days to adjust DMARDs. Interventions are needed to address the timeliness of DMARD adjustments for RA patients with MHDAS.
Trajectories of Fear‐Avoidance Beliefs on Physical Activity Over Two Years in People With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Demmelmaier Ingrid , Björk Annika , Dufour Alyssa B. , Nordgren Birgitta , Opava Christina H. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo identify and describe 2‐year trajectories of fear‐avoidance beliefs on physical activity and to identify predictors of these trajectories in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe included 2,569 persons with RA (77% women, mean age 58 years). Data on fear‐avoidance beliefs (Fear‐Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire physical activity subscale [FABQ‐PA]; range 0–24), sociodemographics, disease‐related variables, self‐efficacy, and health‐enhancing physical activity (HEPA) were collected from registers and by questionnaires at baseline, 14, and 26 months. K‐means cluster analysis was used to identify fear‐avoidance trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression was used to identify predictors of trajectory membership.ResultsThree trajectories of fear‐avoidance beliefs were identified: low (n = 1,060, mean FABQ‐PA = 3), moderate (n = 1,043, mean FABQ‐PA = 9), and high (n = 466, mean FABQ‐PA = 15). Consistent predictors of being in the high fear‐avoidance trajectory versus the other 2 trajectories were high activity limitation, male sex, income below average, not performing current HEPA, and elevated anxiety/depression. In addition, less consistent predictors such as shorter education, more pain, and low exercise self‐efficacy were also identified.ConclusionStable trajectories of fear‐avoidance beliefs on physical activity exist among people with RA. Fear‐avoidance may be targeted more effectively by tailoring physical activity promotion to vulnerable socioeconomic groups, men, and those with high activity limitation and anxiety/depression.
Lymphoma in the Tofacitinib Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Development Program
Authors: Mariette Xavier , Chen Connie , Biswas Pinaki , Kwok Kenneth , Boy Mary G. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTofacitinib is an oral JAK inhibitor indicated for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We characterized lymphoma events in the tofacitinib RA clinical development program.MethodsLymphoma events (up to March 2015) were identified from 19 tofacitinib studies (2 phase I, 9 phase II, 6 phase III, and 2 long‐term extension) of patients with moderate to severe RA. Patients in these studies received tofacitinib dosed at 1–30 mg twice daily or 20 mg once daily, as monotherapy or with conventional synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs. Lymphoma incidence rates (IRs; number of patients with events/100 patient‐years) and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated. A descriptive case–matched control analysis (1:4) was performed to identify potential risk factors for lymphoma.ResultsA total of 6,194 patients received tofacitinib (19,406 patient‐years of exposure, 3.4 years median treatment duration). Nineteen lymphomas occurred (IR 0.10 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.06–0.15]), with no increase observed with time of exposure. The age‐ and sex‐adjusted SIR of lymphoma was 2.62 (95% CI 1.58–4.09) (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results [SEER] program database). The clinical characteristics of the 19 lymphomas were typical for the RA population. Three lymphomas were positive for Epstein‐Barr virus, 8 were negative, 2 were equivocal, and 6 were untested. Numerically, more lymphoma cases had a history of Sjögren's syndrome and were positive for anti–cyclic citrullinated protein and rheumatoid factor at baseline versus matched controls. The mean corticosteroid dose was higher for lymphoma cases versus controls.ConclusionIn the tofacitinib RA clinical development program, lymphoma rates were stable over time and there were minimal differences in the baseline characteristics of patients with and without lymphoma.
Efficacy of a Work Disability Prevention Program for People with Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Conditions: A Single‐Blind Parallel‐Arm Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Keysor Julie J. , LaValley Michael P. , Brown Carrie , Felson David T. , AlHeresh Rawan A. , Vaughan Molly W. , Yood Robert , Reed John I. , Allaire Saralynn J. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveWork disability rates are high among people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions. Effective disability preventive programs are needed. We examined the efficacy of a modified vocational rehabilitation approach delivered by trained occupational therapists and physical therapists on work limitation and work loss over 2 years among people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions.MethodsEligibility criteria for this single‐blind, parallel‐arm randomized trial included ages 21–65 years, 15 or more hours/week employment, a self‐reported doctor‐diagnosed rheumatic or musculoskeletal condition, and concern about staying employed. The intervention consisted of a 1.5‐hour meeting, an action plan, written materials on employment supports, and telephone calls at 3 weeks and 3 months. Control group participants received the written materials. The primary outcome was the Work Limitations Questionnaire (WLQ) output job demand subscale. The secondary outcome was work loss. Intent‐to‐treat analyses were performed.ResultsBetween October 2011 and January 2014, 652 individuals were assessed for eligibility. A total of 287 participants were randomized: 143 intervention and 144 control participants. In total, 264 participants (92%) completed 2‐year data collection. There was no difference in the mean ± SD WLQ change scores from baseline to 2‐year followup (−8.6 ± 1.9 intervention versus −8.3 ± 2.2 control; P = 0.93). Of the 36 participants who experienced permanent work loss at 2 years, 11 (8%) were intervention participants and 25 (18%) control participants (P = 0.03).ConclusionThe intervention did not have an effect on work limitations but reduced work loss. The intervention can be delivered by trained rehabilitation therapists.
Nanomaterials in the Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infections
Authors: Xu Kaijin , Liang Zhen Chang , Ding Xin , Hu Haiyang , Liu Shaoqiong , Nurmik Martin , Bi Sheng , Hu Feishu , Ji Zhongkang , Ren Jingjing , Yang Shigui , Yang Yi Yan , Li Lanjuan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDespite the tremendous advancements that have been made in biomedical research, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) still remains one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide, outpacing the Human Immunodeficiency Virus as a leading cause of death from an infectious disease. In the light of such significant disease burden, tremendous efforts have been made worldwide to stem this burgeoning spread of disease. The use of nanomaterials in TB management has increased in the past decade, particularly in the areas of early TB detection, prevention, and treatment. Nanomaterials have been proven to be efficacious in the rapid and accurate detection of TB pathogens. Novel nanocarriers have also shown tremendous promise in improving drug delivery, potentially enhancing drug concentrations in target organs while at the same time, reducing treatment frequency. In addition, the engineering of antigen nanocarriers represents an exciting front in TB research, potentially paving the way for the successful development of a new class of effective TB vaccines. This article discusses epidemiology and pathogenesis of TB infections, current TB therapeutics, advanced nanomaterials for anti‐TB drug delivery, and TB vaccines. In addition, challenges and future perspectives in developing safe and effective nanomaterials in TB diagnosis and therapy are also presented.
Biodegradable Shape Memory Polymers in Medicine
Authors: Peterson Gregory I. , Dobrynin Andrey V. , Becker Matthew L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractShape memory materials have emerged as an important class of materials in medicine due to their ability to change shape in response to a specific stimulus, enabling the simplification of medical procedures, use of minimally invasive techniques, and access to new treatment modalities. Shape memory polymers, in particular, are well suited for such applications given their excellent shape memory performance, tunable materials properties, minimal toxicity, and potential for biodegradation and resorption. This review provides an overview of biodegradable shape memory polymers that have been used in medical applications. The majority of biodegradable shape memory polymers are based on thermally responsive polyesters or polymers that contain hydrolyzable ester linkages. These materials have been targeted for use in applications pertaining to embolization, drug delivery, stents, tissue engineering, and wound closure. The development of biodegradable shape memory polymers with unique properties or responsiveness to novel stimuli has the potential to facilitate the optimization and development of new medical applications.
Aerosol‐Jet Printed Fillets for Well‐Formed Electrical Connections between Different Leveled Surfaces
Authors: Gu Yuan , Hines Daniel R. , Yun Victor , Antoniak Michael , Das Siddhartha 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAs additive manufacture becomes more prevalent in the fabrication of advanced electronics, there is a need to create well‐formed, robust circuitization, and interconnects between components mounted onto different leveled surfaces (DLSs). Here, an algorithm is developed for aerosol‐jet printing of fillet structures that enable such a circuitization and hence a smooth electrical transition between the DLSs. The fillets are printed using an ultraviolet‐curable polymer ink in the presence of in situ curing. A specific deposition rate is established in order to ensure a precise architecture. Further, a surface smoothing technique is employed to smooth out the stepped surface topology of a fillet resulting from the layer‐by‐layer printing of in situ cured material. Finally, it is ascertained that the performance of these printed fillets is highly satisfactory by carrying out the resistance measurements of the conducting lines printed over these fillet structures both before and after temperature cycling and establishing the mechanical stability of the fillets by employing an adhesion test. This technology ensures that the fillets not only establish a mechanical integration/attachment of the two DLSs, but more importantly that they also provide a well‐formed surface onto which an electrical connection between these two DLSs can be established.