bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PERAN KEPERAWATAN DALAM MENUNJANG PEMBANGUNAN KESEHATAN PARIWISATA BERBASIS MASYARAKAT DI BALI
Authors: Swedarma Kadek Eka 
Published: May 2017

Peran perawat dalam memberikan pelayanan keperawatan kepada wisatawan belum terlihat nyata. Salah satu kemungkinan yang terjadi karena belum jelasnya pemahaman, batasan dan kemampuan perawat dalam menunjang kesehatan pariwisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peran perawat dalam memberikan pelayanan kesehatan pariwisata, serta memahami tentang faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kemampuan perawat dalam memberikan pelayanan keperawatan baik kepada wisatawan, pelaku wisata maupun masyarakat sebagai tujuan wisata.<br />Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian crossectional study. Pengambilan data dilaksanakan pada 4 Puskesmas wilayah tempat wisata baik di Gianyar, Denpasar, Badung dan Bangli terhadap 32 perawat yang bertugas di Puskesmas dengan teknik purposive sampling.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 32 responden perawat di Puskesmas sebanyak 40% perawat melaksanakan tugas sebagai pemberi pelayanan keperawatan, 30% peran sebagai pendidik masyarakat, 20% sebagai advokat serta 10% sebagai konselor. Sebanyak 60% kemampuan perawat sudah baik, 25% cukup dan 15% kemampuan perawat masih kurang. Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara umur (p: 0,002, OR:2,2), pendidikan (p: 0,001, OR:2,3), serta kemampuan bahasa asing (p: 0,000, OR:3,4), dengan kemampuan perawat dalam memberikan pelayanan keperawatan baik kepada wisatawan, pelaku wisata maupun masyarakat.<br />Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar perawat berperan sebagai pemberi pelayanan kesehatan dan kemampuannya sudah baik. Kemampuan berbahasa asing yang kurang berpotensi 3 kali menyebabkan pelayanan keperawatan yang diberikan juga kurang. Kondisi ini perlu mendapatkan perhatian baik dari dinas kesehatan, dinas pariwisata maupun pihak terkait lainnya membekali perawat dengan pendidikan serta pelatihan yang memadai mengenai perkembangan terkini tentang kesehatan wisata serta kemampuan berbahasa asing.Kata kunci : Peran Keperawatan, Kesehatan Pariwisata
COGNITIVE THERAPY: A REALITY ORIENTATION MODEL FOR MENTAL ILLNESS PATIENTS THAT EXPERIENCED AUDITORY HALLUCINATIONS
Authors: Pratiwi Arum , Dewi Enita 
Published: May 2017

This research aim was to develop a model of reality orientation therapy on patients with schizophrenia who had auditory hallucinations. This design of the study was a sequential exploratory research which combines qualitative and quantitative approach. Respondents in this study were patients with schizophrenia who experience auditory hallucinations. Ten respondents who met the criteria were used as a population target in trials of therapeutic procedures. Five nurses who have experience treating patients in a mental hospital established as an expert on trial of instrument development.Initially, the contents of the hallucinations were identified using "Beliefs about the Voices Questionnaire (BaVQ)" through interviews, and then were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of the analysis were the themes that used to develop a reality orientation therapy procedure. The procedure was applied for one month, three times every week for the respondents. Evaluation of treatment programs to the target population was evaluated using an anxiety scale and evaluation of instrument therapy using a content validity test which includes the step of designing, testing, validation, verification, and final validation.The content validity test illustrated that application of reality orientation therapy had been developed from verification until final validation. The level of the patient's anxiety was statistically significant 1,078 (P 0.309). It can be concluded that there was no difference between the patient's anxiety before and after cognitive therapy reality orientation. Key words: Cognitive therapy orientation reality, nursing intervention, auditory hallucination.
11. Who is in charge? Introducing criteria to evaluate health human resource (HHR) policy documents
Authors: Rosenfield D. , Abrahams C. , Verma S. 
Published: May 2017

The maldistribution of and lack of access to health professionals continues to be a major issue for policymakers at all levels of government. Additionally, the basis by which Health Human Resource (HHR) policy is determined is unclear. Publications found in independent reports, peer-reviewed journals and most importantly, grey literature, can significantly influence or inform major policy decisions for “hot button” HHR issues (1) . We propose a framework that can be used to classify, rank and evaluate HHR policy/planning documents.
Our framework creates six major criteria that are used to evaluate policy documents. These criteria are: 1) literature review, 2) source of primary information, 3) nature of recommendations, 4) implementation strategies, 5) credibility of authors and 6) credibility of publisher. Within each category, a score from zero to three (for criteria 1-4) or zero to two (criteria 5-6) is assigned, depending on the caliber of the document. Summing the scores from each section yields a document’s overall score.
The intent of this measure is two-fold. Firstly, we want to create a tool that can be widely utilized by policymakers to help inform their decisions. Secondly, it can be used as a springboard to stimulate discussion and debate around HHR planning and policy formulation.
National Information Center on Health Services Research and Health Care Technology. (NICHSR) Health Services Research and Health Policy Grey Literature Project: Summary Report. 2006. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/ nichsr/greylitreport_06.html. Accessed February 20, 2007.
23. Coley's toxin and spontaneous tumour regression
Authors: Hayre D. S. 
Published: May 2017

William Coley, a young surgeon at New York Memorial Hospital, was traumatized by the loss of his first patient to bone cancer in 1891. He was unable to save this young patient and she succumbed to her Sarcoma within 3 months of surgery. He searched the hospital archive to learn more about Sarcoma and discovered the case of a patient with a large sarcoma who had undergone five unsuccessful surgeries over a 3 year period. This case had been determined to be hopeless. After the last of these operations, the patient became very ill from an erysipelas infection.
Coley was astonished to read that after the fever broke and the patient had recovered, the tumour had vanished. Seven years later, the patient was still alive and well. Coley concluded that whatever had caused the fever must also have destroyed the cancer. Coley searched for and found this patient still in excellent health. Coley reasoned that if a chance infection could make tumours vanish, then a purposefully induced infection could do the same.
The hypothesis was tested by infecting his next 10 patients with Streptococcus pyogenes to cause Erysipelas. Some of the patients were difficult to infect, some died, and some had a strong reaction and their disease regressed. Coley switched to deactivated S. pyogenes to avoid the mortality observed with the live strain. Afterxperimentation with various formulations, a combination of S pyogenes and Serratia marcescens was decided upon and became known as Coley’s Toxin.
The preferred method of delivery was injection of the toxin directly into the primary tumour or metastases in increasing doses to avoid immune tolerance. Fever response in the patient was essential to imitate a naturally occurring infection and the body’s natural response. Though Coley met with success, this therapy was abandoned as chemotherapy became more popular.
Hoption Cann SA, Gunn HD, van Netten JP, van Netten C. Dr William Coley and tumour regression: a place in history or in the future. Post Graduate Medical Journal 2003; 79:672-680.
Hobohm U. Fever and Cancer in Perspective. Cancer Immunology & Immunotherapy 2001; 50:391-396.
Grange JM, Standord JL, Stanford CA. Campbell De Morgan’s ‘Observations on cancer’, and their relevance today. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 2002 (June); 95:296-299.
26. Nothing but the truth, so help me God: The history of magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Dechant A. 
Published: May 2017

On the morning of October 10, 2003, the residents of New York awoke to find that an entire page of their beloved paper, The Times, had been usurped for the sole purpose of flagrant self-promotion and protestation. On his own behalf, Dr. Raymand Damadian had purchased a one page spread bemoaning his exclusion in the Nobel Prize for Medicine that year which had previously been awarded to Paul Laterbur and Peter Mansfield for their contributions to the development of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Over the course of the next few months, the public was to witness a series of such articles proclaiming that a shameful wrong had been committed, and that the truth would eventually prove Dr. Damadian’s accusations.
That truth lay in the early theoretical and technical foundations that led to the discovery of MRI. Described just after the Second World War, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was hailed as a breakthrough in physical chemistry for which Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1952. Two decades later, in 1971, Dr. Damadian discovered that differences between the NMR signals of cancerous and normal tissue might provide a rapid means of cancer detection. However, Laterbur and Mansfield were the first to actually demonstrate images of live tissue using the application of magnetic gradients – the key to modern MRI.
Though speculation exists that Dr. Damadian may have been excluded from the prize due to his religious beliefs or political rivalry, only time will reveal the whole truth when the Nobel files are opened 50 years hence.
Bradley W. The Nobel Prize: Three Investigators Allowed but Two Were Chosen. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2004; 19:520.
Laterbur P. Image formation by induced local interactions: examples of employing nuclear magnetic resonance. Nature 1973; 242:190-191.
Mansfield P, Grannell P. “NMR diffraction in solids?” Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics 1973; 63:L433-L426.
29. The changing concept of aging and the quest for immortality
Authors: Wile D. 
Published: May 2017

The desire to extend human lifespan has spurred scientific and philosophical interest back to the earliest recorded piece of human literature, the Epic of Gilgamesh, which documents the quest of a mythical king to become immortal. In the intervening years between then and now, and particularly in the last century, human lifespan has increased dramatically. Though it is commonly held that there is an upper biological limit to human lifespan, there are some who believe its recent meteoric rise can continue indefinitely.
The story of human lifespan has two largely separate prongs: that of the important advances in sanitation, agriculture and medicine that have effected the greatest change in our life expectancy, and the recurring myth, legend and popular beliefs surrounding greatly advanced or eternal human life.
In recent years, the myth and science of life expectancy have coalesced, creating a core group of people who believe that immortality is a technically achievable goal. Such claims have muddied the concept of aging such that it is now commonly described as both a disease process and a fundamental part of life.
Hackler C. Extending the life span: Mythic desires and modern dangers. HEC Forum, 2006; 16:182-196.
Holliday R. Aging is no longer an unsolved problem in biology. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 2006; 1067:1-9.
Rando TA. Stem cells, ageing and the quest for immortality. Nature 2006; 441:1080-1086.
30. Abortion and the fall of midwifery in 19th Century North America
Authors: Schram C. 
Published: May 2017

The 19th Century in North America was a time of many social and scientific changes that impacted the field of medicine. A result of one such change was the medicalization of childbirth, as the primary care of women during labour shifted from midwives to physicians. While there is ample discourse on the many factors that contributed to this shift, there is very little discussion on the role played by abortion. Studying abortion in the 19th Century is often limited by a paucity of primary sources from the physicians who performed abortions and women who obtained them. Although most authors who discuss the midwifery shift do not make any mention of a role played by the issue of abortion, it has been addressed and supported by primary sources. This raises the question, why is abortion not discussed in histories on the medicalization of childbirth by other authors?
The objectives of this paper are historical and histographic. First, it will present the evidence on the use of abortion as a political tool employed by some policy makers, physicians and the media to discourage women from choosing midwives for their childbirth care. Second, it will analyze possible reasons why this topic is not addressed by the majority of historians of childbirth in 19th Century North America. Are the authors concerned about the varying social views of abortion, the associated politics, the lack of primary sources, or are they personally uncomfortable with the subject? Only the authors themselves can truly know their reasons for neglecting the subject of abortion in their work, but this analysis will show how issues that influence historians determine the version of the past that is produced and propagated into the present and the future.
Borst CG. Catching Babies: the Professionalization of Childbirth, 1870-1920. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995.
Bourgeault B, Davis-Floyd R, eds. Reconceiving Midwifery. Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2004.
Dodd DE, Gorham D, eds. Caring and Curing: Historical Perspectives on Women and Healing in Canada. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 1994.
Wertz DC, Wertz RW. Lying In; a History of Childbirth in America (expanded edition published 1989 by Richard W. Wertz and Dorothy C. Wertz) New York: Free Press; London: Macmillan, 1977.
Reagan LJ. Linking midwives and abortion in the Progressive Era. Bulletin of the History of Medicine 1995; 69(4):569-98.
Reagan LJ. When Abortion Was a Crime, Women, Medicine, and Law in the United States, 1867-1973. London: University of California Press, 1997.
44. Publication history of the Brugada Syndrome: Did labeling stimulate research?
Authors: Nault M. A. , Baranchuk A. , Simpson C. S. , Redfearn D. P. , Abdollah H. 
Published: May 2017

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in healthy young men was first recognized in 1917. Combined with an electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormality reported in 1953, the resulting syndrome would by 1996 eventually be recognized worldwide as Brugada Syndrome (BrS).
There is evidence that “labeling” (i.e. the process of naming a disease state or ascribing a diagnosis) alters perceptions, awareness and behaviours in medicine. Our objective was to determine whether naming a cluster of signs and symptoms as a specific syndrome raised attention given to a previously recognized though poorly defined condition as evidenced through an increase in publications. We hypothesized that naming BrS resulted in such a “labeling” stimulus.
A systematic review of the Pubmed database of indexed journals was performed to identify references to BrS between 1950 and 2006. Search terms were: “Brugada Syndrome”; “Sudden Cardiac Death AND Right Bundle Branch Block”; “Bangungot” (Filipino); “Bangungut” (Filipino); “Pok kuri” (Japanese); “Lai tai” (Thai); “Sudden Unexplained Death Syndrome”; and “SUNDS”. Publications identified after 1996 by search strategies other than “Brugada Syndrome” were omitted to avoid double counting.
The search resulted in 1,042 citations. Of these, 208 occurred after 1996 and were omitted, leaving a total of 834 citations to be analyzed. Between 1950 and 1993 a total of 32 publications met the above search criteria. Thereafter, publication rate on this topic increased exponentially from 16 articles in 1994-1995 to 290 in 2005-2006.
Though numerous articles recognized either RBBB-like ECG pattern, ST segment elevation or SCD in otherwise healthy young men, it was not until publication of the 1992 Brugada and Brugada paper that the coexistence of these two conditions was recognized as a syndrome. Rising interest, as identified by publication frequency, preceded the naming of this syndrome by 4 years. This finding suggests that factors other than labeling have also contributed to the publication history of BrS.
Osher H, Wolff L. Electrocardiographic pattern simulating acute myocardial injury. Am J Med Sci 1953; 226:541-5.
Brugada P, Brugada J. Right bundle branch block, persisting ST segment elevation and sudden cardiac death: A distinct clinical and electrocardiographic syndrome. J Am Coll Cardiol 1992; 20:1391-6.
Yan G-X, Antzelevitch C. Cellular basis for the electrocardiographic J wave. Circulation 1996; 93:372-9.
45. Education at distance: Broadcasting ECG rounds to Southeastern Ontario (BESO Project). An innovative approach for teaching electrocardiography
Authors: Baranchuk A. , Dagnone G. , Fowler P. , Harrison M. N. , Lisnevskaia L. , Etemadi B. , Blouin D. , Redfearn D. P. , Simpson C. S. 
Published: May 2017

Electrocardiography (ECG) interpretation is an essential skill for physicians as well as for many other health care professionals. Continuing education is necessary to maintain these skills. The process of teaching and learning ECG interpretation is complex and involves both deductive mechanisms and recognition of patterns for different clinical situations (“pattern recognition”). The successful methodologies of interactive sessions and real time problem based learning have never been evaluated with a long distance education model.
To evaluate the efficacy of broadcasting ECG rounds to different hospitals in the Southeastern Ontario region; to perform qualitative research to determine the impact of this methodology in developing and maintaining skills in ECG interpretation.
ECG rounds are held weekly at Kingston General Hospital and will be transmitted live to Napanee, Belleville, Oshawa, Peterborough and Brockville. The teaching methodology is based on real ECG cases. The audience is invited to analyze the ECG case and the coordinator will introduce comments to guide the case through the proper algorithm. Final interpretation will be achieved emphasizing the deductive process and the relevance of each case. An evaluation will be filled out by each participant at the end of each session.
Videoconferencing works through a vast array of internet LANs, WANs, ISDN phone lines, routers, switches, firewalls and Codecs (Coder/Decoder) and bridges. A videoconference Codec takes the analog audio and video signal codes and compresses it into a digital signal and transmits that digital signal to another Codec where the signal is decompressed and retranslated back into analog video and audio. This compression and decompression allows large amounts of data to be transferred across a network at close to real time (384 kbps with 30 frames of video per second). Videoconferencing communication works on voice activation so whichever site is speaking has the floor and is seen by all the participating sites. A continuous presence mode allows each site to have the same visual and audio involvement as the host site. A bridged multipoint can connect between 8 and 12 sites simultaneously.
This innovative methodology for teaching ECG will facilitate access to developing and maintaining skills in ECG interpretation for a large number of health care providers.
Bertsch TF, Callas PW, Rubin A. Effectiveness of lectures attended via interactive video conferencing versus in-person in preparing third-year internal medicine clerkship students for clinical practice examinations. Teach Learn Med 2007; 19(1):4-8.
Yellowlees PM, Hogarth M, Hilty DM. The importance of distributed broadband networks to academic biomedical research and education programs. Acad Psychaitry 2006;30:451-455
52. Simulation based training improves resident competence in the performance of critical resuscitation procedures
Authors: Rigby I. , Walker I. , Donnon T. , Howes D. , Lord J. 
Published: May 2017

We sought to assess the impact of procedural skills simulation training on residents’ competence in performing critical resuscitation skills. Our study was a prospective, cross-sectional study of residents from three residency training programs (Family Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Internal Medicine) at the University of Calgary. Participants completed a survey measuring competence in the performance of the procedural skills required to manage hemodynamic instability. The study intervention was an 8 hour simulation based training program focused on resuscitation procedure psychomotor skill acquisition. Competence was criterion validated at the Right Internal Jugular Central Venous Catheter Insertion station by an expert observer using a standardized checklist (Observed Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) format). At the completion of the simulation course participants repeated the self-assessment survey. Descriptive Statistics, Cronbach’s alpha, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and Paired Sample t-test statistical tools were applied to the analyze the data.
Thirty-five of 37 residents (9 FRCPC Emergency Medicine, 4 CCFP-Emergency Medicine, 17 CCFP, and 5 Internal Medicine) completed both survey instruments and the eight hour course. Seventy-two percent of participants were PGY-1 or 2. Mean age was 30.7 years of age. Cronbach’s alpha for the survey instrument was 0.944. Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient was 0.69 (p < 0.001) for relationship between Expert Assessment and Self-Assessment. The mean improvement in competence score pre- to post-intervention was 6.77 (p < 0.01, 95% CI 5.23-8.32).
Residents from a variety of training programs (Internal Medicine, Emergency Medicine and Family Medicine) demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in competence with critical resuscitation procedural skills following an intensive simulation based training program. Self-assessment of competence was validated using correlation data based on expert assessments.
Dawson S. Procedural simulation: a primer. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2006; 17(2.1):205-13.
Vozenilek J, Huff JS, Reznek M, Gordon JA. See one, do one, teach one: advanced technology in medical education. Acad Emerg Med. 2004; 11(11):1149-54.
Ziv A, Wolpe PR, Small SD, Glick S. Simulation-based medical education: an ethical imperative. Acad Med. 2003; 78(8):783-8.