bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PARV4 prevalence, phylogeny, immunology and coinfection with HIV, HBV and HCV in a multicentre African cohort
Authors: Sharp Colin P. , Gregory William F. , Hattingh Louise , Malik Amna , Adland Emily , Daniels Samantha , van Zyl Anriette , Carlson Jonathan M. , Wareing Susan , Ogwu Anthony , Shapiro Roger , Riddell Lynn , Chen Fabian , Ndung'u Thumbi , Goulder Philip J.R. , Klenerman Paul , Simmonds Peter , Jooste Pieter , Matthews Philippa C. 
Published: April 2017

Background: The seroprevalence of human parvovirus-4 (PARV4) varies considerably by region. In sub-Saharan Africa, seroprevalence is high in the general population, but little is known about the transmission routes or the prevalence of coinfection with blood-borne viruses, HBV, HCV and HIV. Methods: To further explore the characteristics of PARV4 in this setting, with a particular focus on the prevalence and significance of coinfection, we screened a cohort of 695 individuals recruited from Durban and Kimberley (South Africa) and Gaborone (Botswana) for PARV4 IgG and DNA, as well as documenting HIV, HBV and HCV status. Results: Within these cohorts, 69% of subjects were HIV-positive. We identified no cases of HCV by PCR, but 7.4% were positive for HBsAg. PARV4 IgG was positive in 42%; seroprevalence was higher in adults (69%) compared to children (21%) (p<0.0001) and in HIV-positive (52%) compared to HIV-negative individuals (24%) (p<0.0001), but there was no association with HBsAg status. We developed an on-line tool to allow visualization of coinfection data (https://purl.oclc.org/coinfection-viz). We identified five subjects who were PCR-positive for PARV4 genotype-3. Ex vivo CD8+ T cell responses spanned the entire PARV4 proteome and we propose a novel HLA-B*57:03-restricted epitope within the NS protein. Conclusions: This characterisation of PARV4 infection provides enhanced insights into the epidemiology of infection and co-infection in African cohorts, and provides the foundations for planning further focused studies to elucidate transmission pathways, immune responses, and the clinical significance of this organism.
Procesos organizativos de mujeres y víctimas del conflicto armado y sus relaciones con la democracia local en el Oriente Antioqueño
Authors: Hoyos Gómez Diana Rocío , Nieto García Angélica 
Published: April 2017

El artículo examina procesos organizativos de mujeres y víctimas del conflicto armado en el Oriente Antioqueño en aras de analizar sus relaciones con los discursos y expresiones de la democracia local. Para esto se toman como puntos de partida los significados que estas organizaciones le atribuyen a la democracia. En el documento se proponen que estas relaciones pueden ser analizadas en dos direcciones. Por un lado, estos procesos organizativos han apropiado y redefinido los discursos institucionales de ciudadanía y participación, y han buscado encontrar apoyos e interactuar con las instituciones en la esfera política formal, como una estrategia para que sus voces sean escuchadas y posicionar sus reivindicaciones en el espacio de lo público. De otro lado, se evidencia una apropiación de los discursos sobre la ciudadanía y la participación por parte de estas organizaciones para incidir y tener un impacto en la cotidianidad, en un contexto que ha sido fuertemente afectado por la violencia política. Los procesos organizativos en los que se centra este artículo son la experiencia de la Asociación Provincial de Víctimas a Ciudadanas, el Centro de Acercamiento para la Reconciliación y Reparación, y la Asociación de Mujeres del Oriente Antioqueño.
Note on Cournot Competition Under Yield Uncertainty
Authors: Jansen Maria C. , Özaltın Osman Y. 
Published: April 2017

Inspired by the U.S. influenza vaccine market, we formulate a Cournot competition model with asymmetric firms facing capacity constraints and yield uncertainty. We derive the equilibrium of this model by defining a score that ranks firms based on their capacity, unit production cost, random yield mean, and variance. In particular, we show a threshold structure. Firms that have scores above a threshold produce at full capacity, while other firms produce less than their capacities in the equilibrium. Finally, for the case of symmetric firms, we correct mistakes in the analysis of Deo and Corbett [Deo S, Corbett CJ (2009) Cournot competition under yield uncertainty: The case of the U.S. influenza vaccine market. Manufacturing Service Oper. Management 11(4):563–576], showing that society can benefit from supplier diversification under weaker conditions. The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2016.0610 .
Redundancy-d: The Power of d Choices for Redundancy
Authors: Gardner Kristen , Harchol-Balter Mor , Scheller-Wolf Alan , Velednitsky Mark , Zbarsky Samuel 
Published: April 2017

Redundancy is an important strategy for reducing response time in multi-server distributed queueing systems. This strategy has been used in a variety of settings, but only recently have researchers begun analytical studies. The idea behind redundancy is that customers can greatly reduce response time by waiting in multiple queues at the same time, thereby experiencing the minimum time across queues. Redundancy has been shown to produce significant response time improvements in applications ranging from organ transplant waitlists to Google’s BigTable service. However, despite the growing body of theoretical and empirical work on the benefits of redundancy, there is little work addressing the questions of how many copies one needs to make to achieve a response time benefit, and the magnitude of the potential gains. In this paper we propose a theoretical model and dispatching policy to evaluate these questions. Our system consists of k servers, each with its own queue. We introduce the Redundancy-d policy, under which each incoming job makes copies at a constant number of servers, d, chosen at random. Under the assumption that a job’s service times are exponential and independent across servers, we derive the first exact expressions for mean response time in Redundancy-d systems with any finite number of servers, as well as expressions for the distribution of response time which are exact as the number of servers approaches infinity. Using our analysis, we show that mean response time decreases as d increases, and that the biggest marginal response time improvement comes from having each job wait in only d = 2 queues. The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2016.1582 .
Risk factors in a cohort of young adults who developed a myocardial infarction
Authors: O'Connor Sheila Marie , Wedgeworth Katie 
Published: April 2017

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death globally ( WHO, 2016 ). Aim: This study determined the most prevalent risk factors for developing a myocardial infarction in a cohort of adults younger than 45 years. Method: A retrospective study was carried out in a large Dublin university hospital. This cross-sectional quantitative study involved convenience sampling (n=92). Results: Abnormal fasting glucose on admission, smoking and obesity were the most prevalent risk factors. Males were more at risk than females. No single type of myocardial infarction was significantly more common than any other. Single vessel disease was the most prevalent angiographic finding. Chest pain was the most common presenting symptom and the majority of adults had three risk factors. Conclusion: Risk factors associated with a myocardial infarction in young adults are essentially modifiable. Prevention must be kept at the forefront of primary care, and prioritised and driven by health-care policy.
Propess versus Prostin: There is an alternative way to induce labour
Authors: Lennon Roisin 
Published: April 2017

Background Following a shortage of Prostin gel in 2015, an alternative method of inducing labour was required. The Propess® pessary was sourced, a guideline adapted for local use and the method introduced into the local unit. There was a perception that this means of induction took longer than the traditional Prostin but with a higher vaginal birth rate. Aims To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Propess® as a method of induction compared with Prostin. Methods A retrospective audit to compare the labour and mode of birth of all women who were induced in the Directorate over a specific time period. The NICE Clinical Guideline no. 70 (2008) was used as the audit standard. Findings Only 28.5% women in the Propess® group required the use of oxytocin to artificially initiate contractions, versus 43% in the Prostin group. The Prostin group took slightly longer overall from the start of the induction process to the birth of the baby. There was a similar vaginal birth rate in both groups and similar clinical outcomes for the babies. Conclusions Propess® is a safe, effective means to induce labour with its use to be continued locally. Results have been disseminated within the wider hospital group and a new audit planned for 2017.
Breaking Regime Stability? The Politicization of Expertise in the OECD/G20 Process on BEPS and the Potential Transformation of International Taxation
Authors: Büttner Tim , Thiemann Matthias 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAs a response to widely reported corporate tax avoidance, the OECD/G20 Base Erosion and Profit Shifting process has relied on modifying the Transfer Pricing Guidelines in order to align taxation with economic substance, a form of incremental rather than radical change. We interpret this strategy of the OECD as an attempt to prevent a loss of authority without a politically risky complete overhaul. However, given the imperfect reconciliation – or even incompatibility – with persisting principles of international tax law, the incremental changes add to the complexity and incoherence of the guidelines on transfer pricing, leading us to expect an increase in conflicting assessments and uncertainty in the near future. Identifying a diminishing capacity of expert networks to achieve consensus on matters with strong distributional consequences, we argue that the incoherence of the system contains the seeds of its own transformation. However, due to vested interests in the current system and the reinforced capacity of the OECD to intervene in public discourses, we expect this transformation to be procedural and marked by conflicts over the meaning of the current guidelines, notably with regards to the arm’s length principle and the measurement of value creation.
Green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of ZnO nanostructures Punica granatum shell extract
Authors: Karaköse Ercan , Çolak Hakan , Duman Fatih 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The manufacture of nanoparticles (NPs) is a new area of investigation due to potential applications related to the improvement of new technologies; in particular, environmentally safe manufactured nanomaterials have become a growing area within nanoscience. In this research, we synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO)-NPs using an aqueous extract of Punica granatum shell prepared using the green synthesis method. The ZnO-NPs were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD patterns illustrated a single phase hexagonal (wurtzite) structure. The FE-SEM micrographs revealed the formation of erythrocyte-like structures and the average particle sizes were found to be 30–180 nm. The UV-visible measurements showed that the average optical transparency is over 85% in the visible range. The electrical conductivity values of the nanostructured ZnO-NPs were between 7.07×10−7 and 3.31×10−4 Ω−1 cm−1 in the temperature range 25–650°C. In addition, the ZnO-NPs did not show any antimicrobial affect against a Gram-positive bacterium (Bacillus thuringiensis).
Consecutive determination of softwood kraft lignin structure and molar mass from NMR measurements
Authors: Rönnols Jerk , Jacobs Anna , Aldaeus Fredrik 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The general molecular properties and in particular, the molar mass of lignin are of central importance for industrial applications, as these data govern important thermal and mechanical characteristics. The focus of the present paper is pulsed field gradient-nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR), which is suitable for determination of lignins’ weight-average molar mass, based on diffusion constants. The method is calibrated by lignin fractions characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). It could be demonstrated on a set of softwood kraft lignins that the PFG-NMR approach gives results in very good agreement with those obtained using conventional size exclusion chromatography (SEC).
Die Geburt des Risikos. Kontingenz und kaufmännische Praxis im mediterranen Seehandel des Hoch- und Spätmittelalters
Authors: Scheller Benjamin 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Das Konzept des Risikos entstand seit der Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts in zwei Etappen, und zwar im Milieu des mediterranen Seehandels. Die Fernkaufleute der italienischen Seerepubliken waren die ersten Virtuosen des Risikos und sollten es lange Zeit bleiben. Seit Mitte des 12. Jahrhunderts hatten sie gelernt, kontingente Schäden entweder der Umwelt ihrer Unternehmung oder aber ihren Entscheidungen zuzurechnen und damit Gefahr und Risiko zu unterscheiden. Den Anlass hierzu gab die Differenzierung der Rollen von Kapitalgeber und reisendem Kaufmann im neuen Typ der Seehandelsunternehmung, der Commenda. Durch sie trat im Seehandel zu den Unwägbarkeiten des Marktgeschehens und den Gefahren des Meeres ein dritter kontingenter Faktor hinzu: das für den Investor unvorhersehbare Handeln seines reisenden Geschäftspartners. Dies warf die Frage der Zurechnung finanzieller Fehlschläge in ganz neuer Weise auf. Mit der Entstehung der Seeversicherung im 14. Jahrhundert begannen italienische Fernkaufleute dann, übernommene Risiken immer genauer zu bestimmen, in ihrer räumlichen und zeitlichen Dimension und mit der Entstehung der Prämienversicherung auch hinsichtlich ihrer Preise. Diese bildeten sich am Markt und indizierten gleichzeitig, wie die Beteiligten die nunmehr vergegenständlichten Risiken kalkulierten. Kontingente Schadensereignisse wurden so zu Waren. Die Zukunft hatte von nun an ihren Preis. Allerdings bedeutetete dies nicht immer, dass sie damit berechenbar geworden wäre. Denn der Preis des Risikos wurde zwar vielfach auf der Basis beobachteter Regelmäßigkeiten kalkuliert. In anderen Fällen jedoch konnte er rein spekulativ sein. Dabei standen weder die Unterscheidung von Risiko und Gefahr, noch die Vergegenständlichung des Risikos im Widerspruch zur Vorstellung einer Weltordnung, die letztlich auf Gottes unerfindlichen Ratschluss zurückzuführen sei. So sahen es die Fernkaufleute allem Anschein nach selbst und auch die Mehrheit der Kirchenrechtler und Moraltheologen des Mittelalters.
Experimental and Modeling Assessment of Sulfate and Arsenic Removal from Mining Wastewater by Nanofiltration
Authors: Jadhav Sachin V. , Häyrynen Piia , Marathe Kumudini V. , Rathod Virendra K. , Keiski Riitta L. , Yadav Ganapati D. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The application of nanofiltration membranes to remove sulfate and arsenic from wastewaters was investigated. The influence of operating parameters on the rejection and permeate flux was determined. The nanofiltration experiments carried out with NF90 and NF270 membranes showed a high rejection of sulfate (~90 %) and arsenic (~97 %) under the given set of experimental conditions. Better permeate flux values were obtained by NF270 membrane with a minor drop in rejections, but it proved to be better in water recovery. In FESEM analysis, the sulfate deposition on the membrane surface confirmed its well-known precipitation in desalination types of equipment. The experimental results were successfully predicted by using theoretical framework available in the literature. The simulation was carried out by using Levenberg–Marquardt with Gauss–Newton algorithm in MATLAB and the prime important parameters, viz. membrane resistance

(

R
m

)

$({R_m})$

, permeability coefficient

P

m

${{\rm{P}}_{\rm{m}}}$

, and mass transfer coefficient (k) were established separately for each membrane. The gel layer thickness was determined to better understand the hydrodynamics over the membrane surface and it validated the assumption of negligible fouling.
Demand-Side Contribution to Power System Frequency Regulation : -A Critical Review on Decentralized Strategies
Authors: Delavari Atieh , Kamwa Innocent 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Nowadays the contribution of smart load technologies to power system frequency regulation is spurred due to the increasing penetration of renewable energy resources. This paper presents a comprehensive and up-to-date critical review on different decentralized load control strategies. This includes a joint literature- as well as simulation-based investigation in order to scrutinize different decentralized frequency-based load modulation strategies through organizing a taxonomy table and performing different simulation scenarios. Furthermore, the effectiveness of different gain tuning procedures in each control action are scrutinized and compared in terms of frequency nadir and steady state error. The detailed simulation is performed using SimPowerSystem (SPS) toolbox, in phasor mode, on IEEE 39-bus New England test system.
Pseudohypoaldosteronism types I and II: little more than a name in common
Authors: Casas-Alba Dídac , Vila Cots Jordi , Monfort Carretero Laura , Martorell Sampol Loreto , Zennaro Maria-Christina , Jeunemaitre Xavier , Camacho Díaz Juan Antonio 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPseudohypoaldosteronism (PHA) comprises a diverse group of rare diseases characterized by sodium and potassium imbalances incorrectly attributed to a defect in aldosterone production. Two different forms of PHA have been described, type I (PHAI) and type II (PHAII). PHAI has been subclassified into renal and systemic. Given the rarity and heterogeneity of this group of disorders we report three patients who carry PHA and a brief revision of current literature focused on the comparative analysis of PHAI and PHAII. Cases 1 and 2 presented with hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis and elevated plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity in the neonatal period. Sequence analysis of the
Is Capitalist Utopia Noncompetitive? Jason Brennan’s Why Not Capitalism?
Authors: Hood Stephen 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Jason Brennan’s Why Not Capitalism? provides a direct response to G.A. Cohen’s moral defence of the value of socialism, arguing that, even under the utopian conditions Cohen specifies, capitalism would be recognized as the most attractive form of social organization. Yet, in one respect, Brennan’s account of utopia seems oddly out of keeping with the capitalist system it is taken to represent: the freedom of the characters within it seems almost totally untouched by the pressure of competitive market forces. I argue that this absence cannot be explained simply by an appeal to the positive intentions of utopian individuals as, even with such motivations in place, competition would still be unavoidable. This means that, even if we agree with Brennan that people would want a utopia in which they had the greatest possible scope to pursue their own personal plans, they may still have good reason to reject his capitalist ideal in favour of a system that would secure for them fair terms on which to compete.
Crystal structure of (1,10-phenanthroline-κ2
N,N′)-bis(1H-pyrazole-3-carboxylato-κ2
N,O)manganese(II) trihydrate, C20H20N6O7Mn
Authors: Lei Lü , Rudan Huang 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
C20H20N6O7Mn, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.3170(9) Å, b = 13.1061(12) Å, c = 17.6919(15) Å, β = 108.231(3)°, V = 2272.1(3) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0428, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1058, T = 298 K.
A Combined Analysis in Complementary Progeny Tests: Effects on breeding value accuracies
Authors: Cappa Eduardo P. , Stoehr Michael U. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Complementary progeny tests allow for simultaneously ranking parents for their general combining ability (GCA) and within-family forward selection. To do this, progeny tests are established with different types of genetic entries (i.e., half-sib and full-sib seedlings, respectively), and different experimental designs. This study proposes a combined analysis of the GCA and full-sib (FS) tests using the mixed model approach to predict simultaneously the breeding values of grandparents, parents, full-sib families and offspring on the same scale. Moreover, a first order autoregressive spatial mixed model for the GCA tests was also implemented in the combined analysis. Our empirical study in coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) shows that additional information provided from relatives and the overlap genetic entry among GCA and FS tests via the proposed combined analysis, improves the accuracies of breeding values compared to the non-combined analysis. The improvements in the accuracies of breeding values for backward and forward selections were generally modest. Spatial and combined analyses gave slightly better results than the non-spatial combined model.
Bixbyite-type phases in the system Ta-Zr-O-N
Authors: Lüdtke Tobias , Orthmann Steven , Lerch Martin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPhase-pure tantalum/zirconium oxide nitrides and nitrides were synthesized by the ammonolysis of amorphous oxide precursors. The nitrogen-rich oxide nitrides with variable anion composition and the nitride TaZrN3crystallize in the cubic bixbyite-type structure (space groupIa3̅). The nitrogen content of these compounds has a significant influence on the cell parameters, the atomic positions, and the optical band gap. The results extend the already well-studied Ta–Zr–O–N system by new oxide nitrides in addition to the already known baddeleyite- and anosovite-type phases. TaZrN3can be considered as a thermodynamically stable ternary variant of metastable Ta2N3.
Islamistische Radikalisierung Jugendlicher in der postmigrantischen Gesellschaft – Ursachen und religionspädagogische Präventionsansätze
Authors: Kulaçatan Meltem 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung:
Die Radikalisierung islamischer Jugendlicher ist eine zentrale Herausforderung religiöser Erziehung und Bildung. Daher müssen vielfältige religionspädagogische Maßnahmen entwickelt werden, um Kinder und Jugendliche so zu stärken, dass sie nicht den Heilsversprechen radikaler Islamisten folgen. Gleichzeitig steht die postmigrantische Gesellschaft aber auch vor der Aufgabe, alle Kinder und Jugendlichen im schulischen Kontext zu integrieren.