bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Northeast sector of the Greenland Ice Sheet to undergo the greatest inland expansion of supraglacial lakes during the 21st century
Authors: Ignéczi Ádám , Sole Andrew J. , Livingstone Stephen J. , Leeson Amber A. , Fettweis Xavier , Selmes Nick , Gourmelen Noel , Briggs Kate 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe formation and rapid drainage of supraglacial lakes (SGL) influences the mass balance and dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). Although SGLs are expected to spread inland during the 21st century due to atmospheric warming, less is known about their future spatial distribution and volume. We use GrIS surface elevation model and regional climate model outputs to show that at the end of the 21st century (2070–2099) approximately 9.8 ± 3.9 km3 (+113% compared to 1980‐2009) and 12.6 ± 5 km3 (+174%) of meltwater could be stored in SGLs under moderate and high representative concentration pathways (RCP 4.5 and 8.5), respectively. The largest increase is expected in the northeastern sector of the GrIS (191% in RCP 4.5 and 320% in RCP 8.5), whereas in west Greenland, where the most SGLs are currently observed, the future increase will be relatively moderate (55% in RCP 4.5 and 68% in RCP 8.5).
Seismic velocity changes associated with aseismic deformations of a fault stimulated by fluid injection
Authors: Rivet Diane , De Barros Louis , Guglielmi Yves , Cappa Frédéric , Castilla Raymi , Henry Pierre 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFluid pressure plays an important role in the stability of tectonic faults. However, the in situ mechanical response of faults to fluid pressure variations is still poorly known. To address this question, we performed a fluid injection experiment in a fault zone in shales while monitoring fault movements at the injection source and seismic velocity variations from a near‐distance (<10 m) monitoring network. We measured and located the P and S wave velocity perturbations in and around the fault using repetitive active sources. We observed that seismic velocity perturbations dramatically increase above 1.5 MPa of injection pressure. This is consistent with an increase of fluid flow associated with an aseismic dilatant shearing of the fault as shown by numerical modeling. We find that seismic velocity changes are sensitive to both fault opening by fluid invasion and effective stress variations and can be an efficient measurement for monitoring fluid‐driven aseismic deformations of faults.
Early Clinical Features in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Can They Be Used to Achieve Earlier Diagnosis? A Risk Prediction Model
Authors: Rees Frances , Doherty Michael , Lanyon Peter , Davenport Graham , Riley Richard D. , Zhang Weiya , Grainge Matthew J. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo compare the primary care consulting behavior, prior to diagnosis, of people with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with controls, and to develop and validate a risk prediction model to aid earlier SLE diagnosis.MethodsWe included a total of 1,739 incident SLE cases practice‐matched to 6,956 controls from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Using logistic regression, odds ratios were calculated for age, sex, consultation rates, selected presenting clinical features, and previous diagnoses in the 5 years preceding diagnosis date. A risk prediction model was developed from pre‐selected variables using backward stepwise logistic regression. Model discrimination and calibration were tested in an independent validation cohort of 1,831,747 patients.ResultsPeople with SLE had a significantly higher consultation rate than controls (median 9.2 versus 3.8 per year), which was in part attributable to clinical features that occur in SLE. The final risk prediction model included the variables age, sex, consultation rate, arthralgia or arthritis, rash, alopecia, sicca, Raynaud's phenomenon, serositis, and fatigue. The model discrimination and calibration in the validation sample was good (receiver operating characteristic curve 0.75, 95% confidence interval 0.73, 0.78). However, absolute risk predictions for SLE were typically less than 1% due to the rare nature of SLE.ConclusionPeople with SLE consult their general practitioner more frequently and with clinical features attributable to SLE in the 5 years preceding diagnosis, suggesting that there are potential opportunities to reduce diagnostic delay in primary care. A risk prediction model was developed and validated that may be used to identify people at risk of SLE in future clinical practice.
An Environmentally Sustainable Mechanochemical Route to Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Mocci Rita , Luca Lidia De , Delogu Francesco , Porcheddu Andrea 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAn operationally simple, and cost efficient conversion of carboxylic acids into hydroxamic acid derivatives via a high‐energy mechanochemical activation is presented. This ball milling methodology was applied to a wide variety of carboxylic acids dramatically improving purification issues associated with this class of molecules, which still remain one of the main bottlenecks of classical methodologies.magnified image
Polysilylether: A Degradable Polymer from Biorenewable Feedstocks
Authors: Cheng Chen , Watts Annabelle , Hillmyer Marc A. , Hartwig John F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of polysilylethers (PSEs) using a monomer derived from a biorenewable feedstock is reported. The AB‐type monomer was synthesized from undecenoic acid through hydrosilylation and reduction, and the polymerization was catalyzed by earth‐abundant metal salts. High‐molar‐mass products were achieved, and the degree of polymerization was controlled by varying the amount of an AA‐type monomer in the reaction. The PSEs possess good thermal stability and a low glass‐transition temperature (Tg≈−67 °C). To demonstrate the utility of the PSEs, polyurethanes were synthesized from low‐molar‐mass hydroxy‐telechelic PSEs.
Comparative Rates of Serious Infections Among Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Receiving Immunosuppressive Medications
Authors: Feldman Candace H. , Marty Francisco M. , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Guan Hongshu , Franklin Jessica M. , Solomon Daniel H. , Costenbader Karen H. , Kim Seoyoung C. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveWhile infection burden is high among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), there is uncertainty about whether infection rates differ by immunosuppressive drug regimens. We undertook this study to compare infection rates among SLE patients newly initiating immunosuppressive therapy with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), azathioprine (AZA), or cyclophosphamide (CYC).MethodsWithin the Medicaid Analytic eXtract database (2000–2010; 29 most populated US states), we identified adults with SLE starting MMF, AZA, or CYC treatment. We estimated propensity scores for receipt of MMF versus AZA and MMF versus CYC based on sociodemographic, comorbidity, and medication use information. After 1:1 propensity score matching, we estimated incidence rates of serious infections up to 6 and 12 months after drug initiation and used Cox regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of first infection and death, with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). We performed primary intent‐to‐treat (ITT) and secondary as‐treated analyses.ResultsWe studied 1,350 propensity score–matched pairs of MMF and AZA initiators and 674 propensity score–matched pairs of MMF and CYC initiators. In 6‐month ITT analyses, the incidence rate per 100 person‐years for first serious hospitalized infection was 14.6 in MMF users and 15.2 in AZA users (HR of MMF versus AZA 0.99 [95% CI 0.74–1.32]). Comparing MMF to CYC, the incidence rate per 100 person‐years for first serious infection was 24.1 in MMF users and 24.6 in CYC users (HR 0.95 [95% CI 0.69–1.32]). There were no differences in mortality in either comparison. As‐treated analyses yielded similar results.ConclusionIn a nationwide longitudinal study of Medicaid SLE patients at high risk of infection, rates of serious infection and mortality did not differ among new users of MMF, AZA, or CYC.
Boron Lewis Acid Promoted Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Amides: An Efficient Approach to Secondary Amines
Authors: Yuan Ming‐Lei , Xie Jian‐Hua , Zhou Qi‐Lin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe hydrogenation of amides to amines has been developed by using the catalyst [Ru(H)2(CO)(Triphos)] (Triphos=1,1,1‐tri(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane) and catalytic boron Lewis acids such as B(C6F5)3 or BF3⋅Et2O as additives. The reaction provides an efficient method for the preparation of secondary amines from amides in good yields with high selectivity.
Mechanistic Insights into the Iridium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenations of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Engel Julien , Mersmann Stefanie , Norrby Per‐Ola , Bolm Carsten 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe highly enantioselective hydrogenation of linear enones catalyzed by Ir complexes that bear a chiral P,N ligand have been investigated computationally. Compared to the results of previous studies, the mechanism is different because of the coordination of the substrate. In the favored pathway Ir stays in the +3 oxidation state throughout the entire catalytic cycle, the olefinic group is coordinated trans to the ligand N atom, and the carbonyl group binds trans to a spectator hydride. After migratory insertion, a H2 coordinates and delivers the second H atom by σ‐metathesis. The calculated path rationalizes the observed enantioselectivities and allows the development of a predictive quadrant model for this class of substrate–ligand combination.
Enantioselective Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Additions of Arylboronic Acids to N‐1,2,3‐Triazole‐Isatin Derivatives: Accessing N‐(1,2,3‐Triazolmethyl)‐3‐hydroxy‐3‐aryloxindoles
Authors: Marques Carolina S. , Burke Anthony J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOxindoles and triazoles are very privileged frameworks in medicinal chemistry, and thus for the first time we report a catalytic asymmetric route that affords hitherto unknown families of N‐(1,2,3‐triazolmethyl)‐3‐hydroxy‐3‐phenyloxindoles using cheap biomass‐derived isatin precursors, rhodium catalysts (at only 3 mol % loading), phosphane ligands, and arylboron reagents under mild conditions. We successfully obtained these compounds with good yields (up to 98 % in the nonasymmetric series) and enantioselectivities in the range 84–95 % ee. The reaction is very versatile, tolerant of a wide range of functional groups, and broad in reaction scope.
Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots as Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalysts for Selective Solar Fuel Production from CO2
Authors: Yadav Dolly , Yadav Rajesh K. , Kumar Abhishek , Park No‐Joong , Baeg Jin‐Ook 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFunctionalized graphene quantum dots (fGQDs) as visible‐light‐harvesting photocatalysts for solar fuel production from CO2 is explored for the first time. The highly efficient light‐harvesting fGQDs photocatalyst upon integration with the biocatalyst performs highly selective CO2 reduction to formic acid. The results are a benchmark example of GQD based materials as photocatalysts for selective production of solar fuels from CO2 and opens up possibilities for greener synthesis of other value added chemicals.
Three‐Dimensional Nanoporous Conducting Polymer Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) Decorated with Copper Nanoparticles: Electrochemical Preparation and Enhanced Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing
Authors: Liu Shuo , Ma Yihui , Zhang Ruiqiao , Luo Xiliang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNanoporous conducting polymers have attracted much attention due to their tunable redox performances, outstanding environmental stability, and extensive potential applications. Herein, three‐dimensional (3D) nanoporous poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was electrochemically prepared by using a hard‐template method, and Cu nanoparticles (CuNPs) were further loaded into the porous PEDOT nanostructure through electrodeposition. Because the 3D nanoporous PEDOT possesses a large surface area and is highly stable and conductive, it provides an excellent substrate for the loading of a large amount of CuNPs. The prepared porous CuNPs/PEDOT nanocomposite exhibited an excellent electrocatalytic property toward the oxidation of glucose owing to its unique microstructure, in which the loaded CuNPs provide many active sites for the oxidation of glucose and the 3D porous structure can facilitate the diffusion of glucose molecules and accelerate electron transfer. Under optimum conditions, the porous nanocomposite‐modified electrode displayed a wide linear range for glucose detection from 0.1 to 482.1 μm, with a detection limit of 52 nm. The sensitivity of the glucose sensor (329.6 μA mm−1 cm−2) was about eight times higher than that of an electrode modified with CuNPs on planar PEDOT, which indicates a significant enhancement effect associated with the 3D nanoporous structure.
Encapsulation of Arenes within a Porous Molybdenum Oxide {Mo132} Nanocapsule
Authors: Sarma Bidyut Bikash , Avram Liat , Neumann Ronny 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe use of confined space to modulate chemical reactivity and to sequester organic compounds spans significant disciplines in chemistry and biology. Here, the inclusion and assembly of arenes into a water‐soluble porous metal oxide nanocapsule [{(MoVI)MoV5O21(H2O)6}12{MoV2O4(CH3COO)}30]42− (Mo132) is reported. The uptake of benzene, halobenzenes, alkylbenzenes, phenols, and other derivatives was studied by NMR, where it was possible to follow the encapsulation process from the outside of the capsule through its pores and then into the interior. The importance of size or shape of the arenes, and various intermolecular bond interactions contributed by the benzene substituent on the encapsulation process was studied, showing the importance of π–π stacking and CH–π interactions. Furthermore, by using NOESY, ROESY, and HOESY NMR techniques it was possible to understand the interaction of the encapsulated arenes and the acetate linkers or ligands that line the interior of the Mo132 capsule.
Livestock guardian dogs as surrogate top predators? How Maremma sheepdogs affect a wildlife community
Authors: van Bommel Linda , Johnson Chris N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUse of livestock guardian dogs (LGDs) to reduce predation on livestock is increasing. However, how these dogs influence the activity of wildlife, including predators, is not well understood. We used pellet counts and remote cameras to investigate the effects of free ranging LGDs on four large herbivores (eastern gray kangaroo, common wombat, swamp wallaby, and sambar deer) and one mesopredator (red fox) in Victoria, Australia. Generalized mixed models and one‐ and two‐species detection models were used to assess the influence of the presence of LGDs on detection of the other species. We found avoidance of LGDs in four species. Swamp wallabies and sambar deer were excluded from areas occupied by LGDs; gray kangaroos showed strong spatial and temporal avoidance of LGD areas; foxes showed moderately strong spatial and temporal avoidance of LGD areas. The effect of LGDs on wombats was unclear. Avoidance of areas with LGDs by large herbivores can benefit livestock production by reducing competition for pasture and disease transmission from wildlife to livestock, and providing managers with better control over grazing pressure. Suppression of mesopredators could benefit the small prey of those species. Synthesis and applications: In pastoral areas, LGDs can function as a surrogate top‐order predator, controlling the local distribution and affecting behavior of large herbivores and mesopredators. LGDs may provide similar ecological functions to those that in many areas have been lost with the extirpation of native large carnivores.
Effects of remote monitoring on clinical outcomes and use of healthcare resources in heart failure patients with biventricular defibrillators: results of the MORE‐CARE multicentre randomized controlled trial
Authors: Boriani Giuseppe , Da Costa Antoine , Quesada Aurelio , Ricci Renato Pietro , Favale Stefano , Boscolo Gabriele , Clementy Nicolas , Amori Valentina , Mangoni di S. Stefano Lorenza , Burri Haran ,   on behalf of the MORE‐CARE Study Investigators
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of remote monitoring in patients with heart failure implanted with a biventricular defibrillator (CRT‐D) with advanced diagnostics.Methods and resultsThe MORE‐CARE trial is an international, prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled trial. Within 8 weeks of de novo implant of a CRT‐D, patients were randomized to undergo remote checks alternating with in‐office follow‐ups (Remote arm) or in‐office follow‐ups alone (Standard arm). The primary endpoint was a composite of death and cardiovascular (CV) and device‐related hospitalization. Use of healthcare resources was also evaluated. A total of 865 eligible patients (mean age 66 ± 10 years) were included in the final analysis (437 in the Remote arm and 428 in the Standard arm) and followed for a median of 24 (interquartile range = 15–26) months. No significant difference was found in the primary endpoint between the Remote and Standard arms [hazard ratio 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–1.30, P = 0.89] or in the individual components of the primary endpoint (P > 0.05). For the composite endpoint of healthcare resource utilization (i.e. 2‐year rates of CV hospitalizations, CV emergency department admissions, and CV in‐office follow‐ups), a significant 38% reduction was found in the Remote vs. Standard arm (incidence rate ratio 0.62, 95% CI 0.58–0.66, P < 0.001) mainly driven by a reduction of in‐office visits.ConclusionsIn heart failure patients implanted with a CRT‐D, remote monitoring did not reduce mortality or risk of CV or device‐related hospitalization. Use of healthcare resources was significantly reduced as a result of a marked reduction of in‐office visits without compromising patient safety.Trial registration: NCT00885677
Hydrogen and Atom Transfer Activity of Saffron Extracts by Square Wave Voltammetry
Authors: Armellini Rita , Compagnone Dario , Scampicchio Matteo , Pittia Paola 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSaffron is an edible spice with highly appreciated sensory and antioxidant properties. One of the most representative redox species found in saffron extracts is crocin, whose content is used to evaluate the quality and value of the resulting spice. In this study, a voltammetry method based on the direct detection of crocin at a bare glassy carbon electrode is presented. The principle of the method is based on the monitoring of the anodic wave exhibited by crocin (0.1–1.0 mM) after its mixing with the azo radical initiator AAPH (20 mM) in ethanol:acetonitrile (1 : 1) solution. The decay rate of the anodic peak (E=+434 mV vs. Ag/Ag+), as a result of the consumption of crocin by AAPH, was used as index of the hydrogen transfer capacity and, thus, of its antioxidant activity. With a decay rate of k=0.02 h−1, crocin exhibits only a weak antioxidant activity in comparison with tocopherols (k=0.13 h−1), but still sufficient to protect against the oxidation of safranal, a further redox species found in saffron extracts and mainly responsible for its flavor. The proposed approach was finally applied to discriminate saffron extract samples from different geographical origins. The proposed approach is suitable to characterize the quality of saffron extracts and estimate its antioxidant properties.
Impacts of land use on the hydrological response of tropical Andean catchments
Authors: Ochoa‐Tocachi Boris F. , Buytaert Wouter , De Bièvre Bert , Célleri Rolando , Crespo Patricio , Villacís Marcos , Llerena Carlos A. , Acosta Luis , Villazón Mauricio , Guallpa Mario , Gil‐Ríos Junior , Fuentes Paola , Olaya Dimas , Viñas Paúl , Rojas Gerver , Arias Sandro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractChanges in land use and land cover are major drivers of hydrological alteration in the tropical Andes. However, quantifying their impacts is fraught with difficulties because of the extreme diversity in meteorological boundary conditions, which contrasts strongly with the lack of knowledge about local hydrological processes. Although local studies have reduced data scarcity in certain regions, the complexity of the tropical Andes poses a big challenge to regional hydrological prediction. This study analyses data generated from a participatory monitoring network of 25 headwater catchments covering three of the major Andean biomes (páramo, jalca and puna) and links their hydrological responses to main types of human interventions (cultivation, afforestation and grazing). A paired catchment setup was implemented to evaluate the impacts of change using a ‘trading space‐for‐time’ approach. Catchments were selected based on regional representativeness and contrasting land use types. Precipitation and discharge have been monitored and analysed at high temporal resolution for a time period between 1 and 5 years. The observed catchment responses clearly reflect the extraordinarily wide spectrum of hydrological processes of the tropical Andes. They range from perennially humid páramos in Ecuador and northern Peru with extremely large specific discharge and baseflows, to highly seasonal, flashy catchments in the drier punas of southern Peru and Bolivia. The impacts of land use are similarly diverse and their magnitudes are a function of catchment properties, original and replacement vegetation and management type. Cultivation and afforestation consistently affect the entire range of discharges, particularly low flows. The impacts of grazing are more variable but have the largest effect on the catchment hydrological regulation. Overall, anthropogenic interventions result in increased streamflow variability and significant reductions in catchment regulation capacity and water yield, irrespective of the hydrological properties of the original biome. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Hydrological Processes. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.