bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The indane diastereoisomers, PH2 and PH5: divergence between their effects in delayed-type hypersensitivity models and a model of colitis
Authors: Frankish Neil H , McHale Brendan , Sheridan Helen 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Compounds PH2 and PH5 are distereoisomers of novel indane compounds, synthesised as analogues of secondary metabolites of the fern, Onychium. In this study, we compare their effects on a variety of inflammatory models.

Methods
In an effort to extend our knowledge of their anti-inflammatory profile, we have investigated their activity in two models of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH); the methylated bovine serum albumin model (mBSA) and the oxazolone contact hypersensitivity (CHS) model, on IL2 release from Jurkat cells and in the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) murine model of inflammatory bowel disease.

Key findings
Both diastereoisomers are equipotent in reducing paw swelling in the mBSA model and in inhibiting interleukin (IL) 2 release from Jurkat cells. They are equally ineffective in the oxazolone contact hypersensitivity model (CHS). Only the diastereoisomer, PH5, protects against DSS-induced colitis and of its two enantiomers, only the S,S-enantiomer, PH22, possesses this activity. PH2 is ineffective in the DSS model.

Conclusions
The results suggest that the beneficial effect of PH5, and its enantiomer PH22, in the DSS model is a consequence of an action on a target specific to the colitis model. The implications of such data suggest an unknown target in this disease model that may be exploited to therapeutic advantage.
Ketoprofen pharmacokinetics of R‐ and S‐isomers in juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) after single intravenous and single‐ and multidose intramuscular administration
Authors: Thompson K. A. , Papich M. G. , Higgins B. , Flanagan J. , Christiansen E. F. , Harms C. A. 
Published: October 2017

Ketoprofen is a nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory and analgesic agent that nonselectively inhibits cyclooxygenase, with both COX‐1 and COX‐2 inhibition. Recent studies on COX receptor expression in reptiles suggest that nonselective COX inhibitors may be more appropriate than more selective inhibitors in some reptiles, but few pharmacokinetic studies are available. The goal of this study was to determine single‐ and multidose (three consecutive days) pharmacokinetics of racemic ketoprofen administered intravenously and intramuscularly at 2 mg/kg in healthy juvenile loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta). The S‐isomer is the predominant isomer in loggerhead sea turtles, similar to most mammals, despite administration of a 50:50 racemic mixture. Multidose ketoprofen administration demonstrated no bioaccumulation; therefore, once‐daily dosing will not require dose adjustment over time. S‐isomer pharmacokinetic parameters determined in this study were Cmax of 10.1 μg/ml by IM injection, C0 of 13.4 μg/ml by IV injection, AUC of 44.7 or 69.4 μg*hr/ml by IM or IV injection, respectively, and T½ of 2.8 or 3.6 hr by IM or IV injection, respectively. Total ketoprofen plasma concentrations were maintained for at least 12 hr above concentrations determined to be effective for rats and humans. A dose of 2 mg/kg either IM or IV every 24 hr is likely appropriate for loggerhead turtles.
Models versus theories as a primary carrier of nursing knowledge: A philosophical argument
Authors: Bender Miriam 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTheories and models are not equivalent. I argue that an orientation towards models as a primary carrier of nursing knowledge overcomes many ongoing challenges in philosophy of nursing science, including the theory–practice divide and the paradoxical pursuit of predictive theories in a discipline that is defined by process and a commitment to the non‐reducibility of the health/care experience. Scientific models describe and explain the dynamics of specific phenomenon. This is distinct from theory, which is traditionally defined as propositions that explain and/or predict the world. The philosophical case has been made against theoretical universalism, showing that a theory can be true in its domain, but that no domain is universal. Subsequently, philosophers focused on scientific models argued that they do the work of defining the boundary conditions—the domain(s)—of a theory. Further analysis has shown the ways models can be constructed and function independent of theory, meaning models can comprise distinct, autonomous “carriers of scientific knowledge.” Models are viewed as representations of the active dynamics, or mechanisms, of a phenomenon. Mechanisms are entities and activities organized such that they are productive of regular changes. Importantly, mechanisms are by definition not static: change may alter the mechanism and thereby alter or create entirely new phenomena. Orienting away from theory, and towards models, focuses scholarly activity on dynamics and change. This makes models arguably critical to nursing science, enabling the production of actionable knowledge about the dynamics of process and change in health/care. I briefly explore the implications for nursing—and health/care—knowledge and practice.
Aquaporins in the male reproductive tract and sperm: Functional implications and cryobiology
Authors: Yeste M , Morató R , Rodríguez‐Gil JE , Bonet S , Prieto‐Martínez N 
Published: October 2017

ContentsAquaporins (AQPs) play a vital role for the transport of water and solutes across cell membranes. Classification of these ubiquitous proteins into three categories (orthodox AQPs, aquaglyceroporins and superaquaporins) is based on their sequence similarity and substrate selectivity. In the male reproductive tract of mammals, most AQPs (except AQP6 and AQP12) are found in different organs (including testis, efferent ducts and epididymis). AQP1 and AQP9 are the most abundant AQPs in the efferent ducts and epididymis and play a crucial role for the secretion/reabsorption dynamics of luminal fluid during sperm transport and maturation. AQP3, AQP7, AQP8 and AQP11 are the most abundant AQPs in sperm and are involved in the regulation of their volume, which is required for the differentiation of spermatids into spermatozoa during spermatogenesis, as well as in sperm transit along environments of different osmolality (male and female reproductive tracts). While different studies conducted in oocytes and embryos have demonstrated that AQPs are important for cryotolerance, data in sperm are scarce. At present, mounting evidence indicates that AQP3, AQP7 and AQP11 are involved in the sperm response to variations of osmolality and to freeze‐thawing procedures. All these studies contribute to understand the physiology of both male reproductive tract and sperm, and open up new research ventures on the improvement of sperm cryopreservation protocols.
“Learning from Others”: English proposals for early years education and care reform and policy transfer from France and the Netherlands, 2010–15
Authors: Lewis Jane , West Anne 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe United Kingdom has been a laggard in developing early years education and care, but the Labour Governments of 1998–2010 increased childcare places significantly, and the Conservative/Liberal Democrat Coalition of 2010–15 continued to expand provision, despite its stringent austerity policy. However, the problem of securing availability, affordability, and quality persisted. The Coalition Government (very unusually) transferred policies from its Western European neighbors (the Netherlands and France) in order to address these issues. We show why differences in context made the kind of policy transfer that took place inappropriate and how this was related to the fate of the reform proposals.
A feature fusion system for basal cell carcinoma detection through data‐driven feature learning and patient profile
Authors: Kharazmi P. , Kalia S. , Lui H. , Wang Z. J. , Lee T. K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer, which is highly damaging in its advanced stages. Computer‐aided techniques provide a feasible option for early detection of BCC. However, automated BCC detection techniques immensely rely on handcrafting high‐level precise features. Such features are not only computationally complex to design but can also represent a very limited aspect of the lesion characteristics. This paper proposes an automated BCC detection technique that directly learns the features from image data, eliminating the need for handcrafted feature design.MethodsThe proposed method is composed of 2 parts. First, an unsupervised feature learning framework is proposed which attempts to learn hidden characteristics of the data including vascular patterns directly from the images. This is done through the design of a sparse autoencoder (SAE). After the unsupervised learning, we treat each of the learned kernel weights of the SAE as a filter. Convolving each filter with the lesion image yields a feature map. Feature maps are condensed to reduce the dimensionality and are further integrated with patient profile information. The overall features are then fed into a softmax classifier for BCC classification.ResultsOn a set of 1199 BCC images, the proposed framework achieved an area under the curve of 91.1%, while the visualization of learned features confirmed meaningful clinical interpretation of the features.ConclusionThe proposed framework provides a non‐invasive fast BCC detection tool that incorporates both dermoscopic lesional features and clinical patient information, without the need for complex handcrafted feature extraction.
An Implicit Projected Argument in Spanish Impersonal‐ and Passive‐SeConstructions
Authors: MacDonald Jonathan E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article argues for the presence of an implicit projected argument in Spec,Voice in Spanish impersonal‐ and passive‐seconstructions. The main empirical support comes from an available inalienable‐possession interpretation of the sole overtDPwhen it is a body part in both constructions. This interpretation is only possible in the presence of a syntactically present c‐commanding possessor. I argue that the implicit projected external argument serves as the inalienable possessor of the body part. Neither the periphrastic passive nor the anticausative‐seconstruction in Spanish allows an inalienable‐possession interpretation of the sole overtDPwhen it is a body part. In these instances, I claim, no implicit argument projects in Spec,Voice. I discuss how the presence of a projected argument in Spec,Voice is responsible forby‐phrase restrictions in impersonal‐ and passive‐seconstructions and person restrictions in passive‐seconstructions; the lack of a projected implicit argument in Spec,Voice of both the periphrastic passive and the anticausative‐seconstruction is responsible for the lack of the person restrictions in both, and the lack ofby‐phrase restrictions in the periphrastic passive.
The role of sialic acids in the immune recognition of xenografts
Authors: French Beth M. , Sendil Selin , Pierson Richard N. , Azimzadeh Agnes M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPresentation of sialic acid (Sia) varies among different tissues and organs within each species, and between species. This diversity has biologically important consequences regarding the recognition of cells by “xeno” antibodies (Neu5Gc vs Neu5Ac). Sia also plays a central role in inflammation by influencing binding of the asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR‐1), Siglec‐1 (Sialoadhesin), and cellular interactions mediated by the selectin, integrin, and galectin receptor families. This review will focus on what is known about basic Sia structure and function in association with xenotransplantation, how changes in sialylation may occur in this context (through desialylation or changes in sialyltransferases), and how this fundamental pathway modulates adhesive and cell activation pathways that appear to be particularly crucial to homeostasis and inflammation for xenografts.
Different approaches to heart valve decellularization: A comprehensive overview of the past 30 years
Authors: Naso Filippo , Gandaglia Alessandro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractXenogeneic decellularized heart valve scaffolds have the potential to overcome the limitations of existing bioprosthetic heart valves that have limited duration due to calcification and tissue degeneration phenomena. This article presents a review of 30 years of decellularization approaches adopted in cardiovascular tissue engineering, with a focus on the use, either individually or in combination, of different detergents. The safety and efficacy of cell‐removal procedures are specifically reported and discussed, as well as the structure and biomechanics of the treated extracellular matrix (ECM). Detergent residues within the ECM, production of hyaluronan fragments, safe removal of cellular debris, and the persistence of the alpha‐Gal epitope after the decellularization treatments are of particular interest as parameters for the identification of the best tissue for the manufacture of bioprostheses. Special attention has also been given to key factors that should be considered in the manufacture of the next generation of xenogeneic bioprostheses, where tissues must retain the ability to be remodeled and to grow in weight along with body reshaping.
THE CENTRAL SUBGROUPS OF THE NONABELIAN TENSOR SQUARES OF SOME BIEBERBACH GROUPS WITH ELEMENTARY ABELIAN 2-GROUP POINT GROUP
Authors: Abdul Ladi Nor Fadzilah , Masri Rohaidah , Mohd Idrus Nor'ashiqin , Sarmin Nor Haniza , Yee Ting Tan 
Published: October 2017

Bieberbach groups are torsion free crystallographic groups. In this paper, our focus is on the Bieberbach groups with elementary abelian 2-group point group, The central subgroup of the nonabelian tensor square of a group is generated by for all in The purpose of this paper is to compute the central subgroups of the nonabelian tensor squares of two Bieberbach groups with elementary abelian 2-point group of dimension three.
HUMAN IDENTIFICATION BASED ON HEART SOUND AUSCULTATION POINT
Authors: Nur Fariza I. , Salleh Sh-Hussain , Noman Fuad , Hussain Hadri 
Published: October 2017

The application of human identification and verification has widely been used for over the past few decades. Drawbacks of such system however, are inevitable as forgery sophisticatedly developed alongside the technology advancement. Thus, this study proposed a research on the possibility of using heart sound as biometric. The main aim is to find an optimal auscultation point of heart sounds from either aortic, pulmonic, tricuspid or mitral that will most suitable to be used as the sound pattern for personal identification. In this study, the heart sound was recorded from 92 participants using a Welch Allyn Meditron electronic stethoscope whereas Meditron Analyzer software was used to capture the signal of heart sounds and ECG simultaneously for duration of 1 minute. The system is developed by a combination Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) and Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The highest recognition rate is obtained at aortic area with 98.7% when HMM has 1 state and 32 mixtures, the lowest Equal Error Rate (EER) achieved was 0.9% which is also at aortic area. In contrast, the best average performance of HMM for every location is obtained at mitral area with 99.1% accuracy and 17.7% accuracy of EER at tricuspid area.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Escherichia
Phage OSYSP
Authors: Yesil Mustafa , Huang En , Yang Xu , Yousef Ahmed E. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Bacteriophage OSYSP is a new anti-
Escherichia coli
O157:H7 phage isolated from municipal wastewater in Ohio. OSYSP is potent against enterohemorrhagic
E. coli
and is a candidate biocontrol agent for food and therapeutic applications. In this paper, we present the important genetic features of this phage based on its complete genome sequence.
Whole-Genome Sequence of a Megasphaera elsdenii Strain Isolated from the Gut of a Healthy Indian Adult Subject
Authors: Bag Satyabrata , Ghosh Tarini Shankar , Das Bhabatosh 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Megasphaera elsdenii
has been previously reported in the gut of ruminating animals. Its role as an animal probiotic is being investigated, specifically from the perspective of enhancing animal productivity. Herein, we report the draft genome sequence of
M. elsdenii
strain indica isolated from the stool sample of a healthy Indian subject.
Significant correlation between meibomian gland dysfunction and keratitis in young patients with Demodex brevis infestation
Authors: Liang Lingyi , Liu Yan , Ding Xiaohu , Ke Hongmin , Chen Chuan , Tseng Scheffer C G 
Published: October 2017

AimsTo report the clinical characteristics and correlation between meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and keratitis in young patients with ocular demodicosis.MethodsObservational case series of 60 patients younger than 35 years with ocular demodicosis, of which the diagnosis was based on microscopic counting of Demodex folliculorum and D. brevis of epilated lashes. Severity of keratitis and MGD was graded by photography and meibography, respectively, in a masked fashion.ResultsMGD was detected in 54/60 (90%) patients with the loss of meibomian gland in the upper lid more than the lower lid (p<0.001). Blepharoconjunctivitis and a variety of corneal pathologies were noted in 47/60 (78.3%) and 39/60 (65%) patients, respectively. For a total of 120 eyes, normal cornea was noted in 53 (44.2%) eyes, superficial punctate keratitis or limbitis was noted in 17 (14.2%), while corneal stromal infiltration was found in 50 (41.7%) eyes. Both univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the severity of meibomian gland loss was significantly correlated with higher D. brevis count and more severe keratitis (all p<0.05). Rapid resolution of keratitis and blepharoconjunctivitis was accompanied by significant reduction of the Demodex count in 48 patients receiving lid scrub directed to kill mites.ConclusionsThere is a significant correlation between MGD and keratitis in young patients with ocular demodicosis especially inflicted by D. brevis.
Efficacy of a movement control injury prevention programme in adult men’s community rugby union: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Attwood Matthew J , Roberts Simon P , Trewartha Grant , England Mike E , Stokes Keith A 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundExercise programmes aimed at reducing injury have been shown to be efficacious for some non-collision sports, but evidence in adult men’s collision sports such as rugby union is lacking.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of a movement control injury prevention exercise programme for reducing match injuries in adult men’s community rugby union players.Methods856 clubs were invited to participate in this prospective cluster randomised (single-blind) controlled trial where clubs were the unit of randomisation. 81 volunteered and were randomly assigned (intervention/control). A 42-week exercise programme was followed throughout the season. The control programme reflected ‘normal practice’ exercises, whereas the intervention focused on proprioception, balance, cutting, landing and resistance exercises.Outcome measures were match injury incidence and burden for: (1) all ≥8 days time-loss injuries and (2) targeted (lower limb, shoulder, head and neck, excluding fractures and lacerations) ≥8 days time-loss injuries.ResultsPoisson regression identified no clear effects on overall injury outcomes. A likely beneficial difference in targeted injury incidence (rate ratio (RR), 90% CI=0.6, 0.4 to 1.0) was identified, with a 40% reduction in lower-limb incidence (RR, 90% CI=0.6, 0.4 to 1.0) and a 60% reduction in concussion incidence (RR, 90% CI=0.4, 0.2 to 0.7) in the intervention group. Comparison between arms for clubs with highest compliance (≥median compliance) demonstrated very likely beneficial 60% reductions in targeted injury incidence (RR, 90% CI=0.4, 0.2 to 0.8) and targeted injury burden (RR, 90% CI=0.4, 0.2 to 0.7).ConclusionsThe movement control injury prevention programme resulted in likely beneficial reductions in lower-limb injuries and concussion. Higher intervention compliance was associated with reduced targeted injury incidence and burden.
Prevalence of illness, poor mental health and sleep quality and low energy availability prior to the 2016 Summer Olympic Games
Authors: Drew Michael , Vlahovich Nicole , Hughes David , Appaneal Renee , Burke Louise M , Lundy Bronwen , Rogers Margot , Toomey Mary , Watts David , Lovell Gregory , Praet Stephan , Halson Shona L , Colbey Candice , Manzanero Silvia , Welvaert Marijke , West Nicholas P , Pyne David B , Waddington Gordon 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveEstablish the prevalence of illness symptoms, poor sleep quality, poor mental health symptoms, low energy availability and stress-recovery state in an Olympic cohort late in the 3 months prior to the Summer Olympic Games.MethodsOlympic athletes (n=317) from 11 sports were invited to complete questionnaires administered 3 months before the Rio 2016 Olympic Games. These questionnaires included the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Questionnaire, Perceived Stress Scale, Dispositional Resilience Scale, Recovery-Stress Questionnaire (REST-Q-52 item), Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and custom-made questionnaires on probiotic usage and travel. Multiple illness (case) definitions were applied. ORs and attributable fractions in the population were used. Factor analyses were used to explore the relationships between variables.ResultsThe response rate was of 42% (male, n=47, age 25.8±4.1 years; female, n=85, age 24.3±3.9 years). Low energy availability was associated with sustaining an illness in the previous month (upper respiratory, OR=3.8, 95% CI 1.2 to 12). The main factor relating to illness pertained to a combination of anxiety and stress-recovery states (as measured by the REST-Q-52 item). All participants reported at least one episode of illness in the last month (100% prevalence).ConclusionsAll participants reported at least one illness symptom in the previous month. Low energy availability was a leading variable associated with illness in Olympic-class athletes. The estimates duration of symptoms ranged from 2 to 7 days. Factor analyses show the interdependence of various health domains and support multidisciplinary care.
Leisure time physical activity and dementia risk: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies
Authors: Xu Wei , Wang Hui Fu , Wan Yu , Tan Chen-Chen , Yu Jin-Tai , Tan Lan 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundThere is considerable evidence of the favourable role of more physical activity (PA) in fighting against dementia. However, the shape of the dose–response relationship is still unclear.ObjectiveTo quantitatively investigate the relationship between dementia and PA.DesignPubMed, EMBASE, Ovid and the Cochrane Library were searched for prospective studies published from 1 January 1995 to 15 October 2016. Two types of meta-analyses were performed with a focus on the dose–response relationship using two stage generalised least squares regression.ResultsThe primary analysis exhibited a dose–response trend for all-cause dementia (ACD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but not for vascular dementia (VD). In the dose–response analysis, either ACD (ptrend<0.005; pnon-linearity=0.87) or AD (ptrend<0.005; pnon-linearity=0.10) exhibited a linear relationship with leisure time PA (LTPA) over the observed range (0–2000 kcal/week or 0–45 metabolic equivalent of task hours per week (MET-h/week)). Specifically, for every 500 kcal or 10 MET-h increase per week, there was, on average, 10% and 13% decrease in the risk of ACD and AD, respectively.ConclusionsWe have reported, for the first time, the dose–response relationship between LTPA and dementia, further supporting the international PA guideline from the standpoint of dementia prevention.