bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Roles of β-Oxidation and Cofactor Homeostasis in Peroxisome Distribution and Function in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Rinaldi Mauro A , Patel Ashish B , Park Jaeseok , Lee Koeun , Strader Lucia C , Bartel Bonnie 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Key steps of essential metabolic pathways are housed in plant peroxisomes. We conducted a microscopy-based screen for anomalous distribution of peroxisomally targeted fluorescence in Arabidopsis thaliana. This screen uncovered 34 novel alleles in 15 genes affecting oil body mobilization, fatty acid β-oxidation, the glyoxylate cycle, peroxisome fission, and pexophagy. Partial loss-of-function of lipid-mobilization enzymes conferred peroxisomes clustered around retained oil bodies without other notable defects, suggesting that this microscopy-based approach was sensitive to minor perturbations, and that fatty acid β-oxidation rates in wild type are higher than required for normal growth. We recovered three mutants defective in PECTIN METHYLESTERASE31, revealing an unanticipated role in lipid mobilization for this cytosolic enzyme. Whereas mutations reducing fatty acid import had peroxisomes of wild-type size, mutations impairing fatty acid β-oxidation displayed enlarged peroxisomes, possibly caused by excess fatty acid β-oxidation intermediates in the peroxisome. Several fatty acid β-oxidation mutants also displayed defects in peroxisomal matrix protein import. Impairing fatty acid import reduced the large size of peroxisomes in a mutant defective in the PEROXISOMAL NAD+ TRANSPORTER (PXN), supporting the hypothesis that fatty acid accumulation causes pxn peroxisome enlargement. The diverse mutants isolated in this screen will aid future investigations of the roles of β-oxidation and peroxisomal cofactor homeostasis in plant development.
Maternal Prepregnancy BMI and Risk of Cerebral Palsy in Offspring
Authors: Forthun Ingeborg , Wilcox Allen J , Strandberg-Larsen Katrine , Moster Dag , Nohr Ellen A , Lie Rolv Terje , Surén Pål , Tollånes Mette C 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVES:To investigate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and risk of cerebral palsy (CP) in offspring.METHODS:The study population consisted of 188 788 children in the Mothers and Babies in Norway and Denmark CP study, using data from 2 population-based, prospective birth cohorts: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study and the Danish National Birth Cohort. Prepregnancy BMI was classified as underweight (BMI &lt;18.5), lower normal weight (BMI 18.5–22.9), upper normal weight (BMI 23.0–24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0–29.9), and obese (BMI ≥30). CP diagnoses were obtained from the national CP registries. Associations between maternal prepregnancy BMI and CP in offspring were investigated by using log-binomial regression models.RESULTS:The 2 cohorts had 390 eligible cases of CP (2.1 per 1000 live-born children). Compared with mothers in the lower normal weight group, mothers in the upper normal group had a 40% excess risk of having a child with CP (relative risk [RR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–1.78). Excess risk was 60% (RR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.21–2.01) for overweight mothers and 60% (RR, 1.55; 95% CI 1.11–2.18) for obese mothers. The risk of CP increased ∼4% for each unit increase in BMI (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02–1.06). Estimates changed little with adjustment for mother’s occupational status, age, and smoking habits.CONCLUSIONS:Higher prepregnancy maternal BMI was associated with increased risk of CP in offspring.
Pengaruh Tingkat Ketebalan Mulsa Jerami pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Talas (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott var. Antiquorum)
Authors: Suminarti Nur Edy 
Published: September 2016

Umbi talas termasuk kelompok tanaman umbi-umbian yang mempunyai peran penting sebagai sumber bahan pangan yang sehat dan aman. Akibatnya, permintaan terus meningkat. Namun demikian, produktivitasnya masih rendah daripada potensinya yang telah mencapai 20,7 ton ha-1. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya peningkatan, dan salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah melalui aplikasi mulsa. Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang tingkat ketebalan mulsa jerami yang tepat pada budidaya tanaman talas telah dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan lingkungan Acak Kelompok dengan enam tingkat ketebalan mulsa sebagai perlakuan, yaitu : kontrol, ketebalan mulsa 1,5 cm, 3,0 cm, 4,5 cm, 6,0 cm dan 7,5 cm. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara destruktif. Uji F taraf 5% ditujukan untuk menguji pengaruh perlakuan, sedang perbedaan diantara perlakuan didasarkan pada nilai BNT taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman talas serta lingkungan mikro yang lebih baik didapatkan pada ketebalan mulsa 4,5 cm – 7,5 cm. Tetapi yang lebih efektif dan efisien didapatkan pada penggunaan mulsa ketebalan 6 cm dengan hasil sebesar 10,54 ton ha-1 dan B/C 1,76.Tuber of taro plays a significant role as healthy and safe food resources. As a result, its demand has increased recently. However, the level of taro tuber productivity is still low than the potential outcomes that can achieve up to 20 tons ha-1. Therefore, it is necessary an improvement, one of them is through the application of mulch. Research aimed to find the proper thickness of straw mulch was conducted at UB experimental field located in Jatikerto, Malang. The study used randomized complete block design with thickness of straw mulch as the treatment, consisted of 6 levels, i.e: no mulch, straw mulch of 1.5 cm, 3 cm, 4.5 cm, 6 cm and 7.5 cm. Data was collected destructively. F test at 5% was used to determine the effect of treatment, while differences between treatments were referred to BNT at 5%.The results showed that the growth and yield of taro and better microenvironment found in mulch thickness of 4.5 cm - 7.5 cm. However, a more effective and efficient yield obtained on the use of mulch thickness of 6 cm with a yield of 10.54 ton ha-1 and B/C 1.76.
Intervention-Less Multi-Zone Lower Completion Tools – A Case Study
Authors: Murdoch Euan , Robertson Bruce , Munro Christopher , Edwards Andrew , Ghaempanah Babak , Loonstra Cornelis , Kimmitt Kyle , Rahman Shamsur , Bakker Eelco 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Driven by ever increasing associated costs, the industry has long sought an enabling technology to expedite hydraulic fracture cycle times in high cost environments such as offshore. Remotely operated completion tools have been proven to provide these efficiencies and can positively influence the viability of these multi-zone stimulation projects.
This paper will focus on the planning and execution of a recently completed offshore North Sea lower completion to present a methodology to remotely access and isolate the reservoir during multi-zone stimulation operations. Innovative technologies utilized in this case study are presented which effectively minimize the cycle time of the stimulation process while providing a high level of contingencies to account for a panoply of scenarios which could occur through-out the operation.
There are several techniques and methodologies which have been deployed to efficiently stimulate multi-zone, horizontal wells in offshore locations such as those found in the North Sea; technical papers such as (Langford 2014) discuss these in detail. This paper will describe the successful deployment of a novel lower completion system into a Southern North Sea extended reach well in June 2015 which targeted the a sandstone formation of the Lower Permian (Rotliegend) strata.
The selected remotely operated lower completion system incorporates multiple communication methods on-board to permit remote functioning of flapper isolation valves, to compartmentalize the reservoir internally, and remote operated stimulation sleeves to access the reservoir, which effectively eliminates the need for intervention between treatments, ultimately improving fracture cycle time and reducing risk while providing operators with realistic contingencies in the event of screen-out.
A Direct Method for Stratigraphically Consistent Assisted History Matching of Object-Based Geomodels – Algorithm and Field Application
Authors: Alpak Faruk O. , Jennings James W. , Gelderblom Paul , Chen Chaohui , Gao Guohua , Du Kuifu 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Object-based static models are typically constructed for stratigraphically complex reservoirs. In this approach, the stratigraphic architecture is represented by use of distinct objects with specific geometric attributes and petrophysical characteristics. It is a major challenge to condition such models to production data while simultaneously maintaining the geologic realism and static conditioning.
A novel workflow is developed for the Assisted History Matching (AHM) of object-based geomodels where the uncertain object locations and attributes are directly modified without resorting to (post-geomodeling) reparameterization techniques. It contains an object modeling algorithm for channels and levees that provides direct access to the pre-raster geomodeling parameters for individual object locations and attributes. These parameters are gradually modified subject to physical constraints to achieve a history match. A fully integrated protocol is employed in this process that automatically couples the static modeling algorithm with the reservoir simulator. The resulting workflow is moderated by a massively parallel and highly efficient iterative data-integration algorithm. In the AHM workflow, static and dynamic conditioning operations are respectively driven by separate objective functions and are performed at the iteration level in a sequential fashion. The static conditioning step may add and remove objects in the geomodel, which changes the number of active AHM parameters over the course of the iterative search. The workflow handles such operations with minimal impact on the robustness of the search.
A potential application of the direct AHM workflow for object-based geomodels is the identification of locations and attributes of channels in deepwater turbidite reservoirs, where the channels are typically below the resolution of the seismic data; the well spacing is typically larger than the characteristic object dimension, yet the production data exhibit strong sensitivity to channel connectivity. The concept of gradually adjusting the channel locations by using the information in the production data (while maintaining static conditioning) is demonstrated on a real dataset for a deepwater channelized-turbidite reservoir. The models proposed by the new AHM workflow not only improve the difficult-to-history-match injected gas breakthrough profiles but also provide geologically based explanations for them, taking into account the channel connectivity. The proposed AHM workflow ensures consistency across static and dynamic models by integrating multi-disciplinary data with an easily auditable and replicable capability.
Big Data Yields Completion Optimization: Using Drilling Data to Optimize Completion Efficiency in a Low Permeability Formation
Authors: Lehman Lyle V. , Jackson Kale , Noblett Bruce 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Poor production results in the subject area was determined to be caused by poor reservoir contact along the laterals. In a series of wells using multi-stage plug-and-perf completions, poor perforation efficiency was diagnosed. A solution to improve formation contact was employed which made absolute contact with the reservoir by using sliding sleeves and coil tubing technology. However this system demonstrated issues mainly around lower estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) values due to wide fracture spacing limitations and also suffered occasional human related, not tool quality, failures which caused costly penalties in completing wells. Returning back to the original completion scheme re-presented the original problem that very few of the perforation clusters were opening and thus using plug-and-perf and also obtaining better perforation efficiency was re-sought.
This solution step developed in this paper uses drilling data which through the use of neural networks, can generate a synthetic log. The log can yield rock properties which can generate stresses along the wellbore. These stresses are then used to select perforation spacing to better take advantage of ‘like’ stresses so that perforation opening can improve. Minimum pressure drops between perforations can then be designed. Additional information pertaining to reservoir quality was generated by adding gas chromatograph data to determine the highest permeability sections of the lateral as well as the liquid-rich hydrocarbon bearing sections. This analysis allows for a solution matrix of job and cluster spacing types to optimize fracture spacing (frequency of contact) and conductivity requirements to optimize the completion based on stress and relative or contrasting permeability.
This paper will demonstrate how the problem was determined, the solution was implemented, how some alternatives were explored and how fracture geometry was greatly improved using these workflows.
Successful Development and Implementation of 9 5/8 Subsurface Safety Valve for High Pressure, High Rate Gas Wells
Authors: Al-Muslim Ali , Al-Yateem Karam , Nafa Hamed , Swan Thomas , Abdelhamid Amr 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Because the need for energy is increasing worldwide, new technologies must emerge to accommodate this increase. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, supplying natural gas to satisfy local energy demand presents a large challenge. When offshore high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) gas fields, Hasbah and Arabiyah, were under development, this local high demand and the means to fulfill it had to be considered. One of the necessities associated with safety and involving the greatest possible gain was the idea of the 9 5/8-in. big bore completion. The combination of size and rating (9 5/8 in. completion equipment rated for 10,000 psi) was not available in the market at that time; consequently, it had to be developed specifically for this project. This paper discusses the development, testing, and qualification for a very important part in the well completion: the 9 5/8-in. 10,000 psi Tubing Retrievable Safety Valve (TRSV).
Leading Oil and Gas Into the Future
Authors: Babey Andrew G. , Hagel Nick , Montilla Carlos , Robins Ryan , Harris Craig 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The oil and gas industry faces an impending and unprecedented labor gap that requires both short-term and long-term action by leaders. This paper examines the history and root causes of labor challenges in the industry, generational differences in the workforce, critical roles within oil and gas companies, ways of mitigating the immediate and future risk, and requirements for building and maintaining the workforce to achieve future success.
The volume of baby-boom retirements anticipated between 2011 and 2029 will create a labor scarcity that will impact all industries?none more than the oil and gas industry. Multiple factors are contributing to this situation. Most importantly, the volatility of our industry since the early 1980s has significantly diminished the talent pool, and succession planning has not been a priority. Generational differences within the workforce compound the problem but also offer unique opportunities for the future.
Like the major downturn of the 1980s, the current downturn has forced the industry to relinquish valuable skillsets in the short-term that will be required in the long-term. Moreover, the relatively few skilled workers from the 1980s era that remain to pass on their precious skillsets will be retiring at a rapid rate. The Big Crew Change is coming, and the industry is ill prepared because organizations have largely ignored the succession planning that is critical for future success.
Effective succession planning identifies positions that are critical to organization success and then plans accordingly to address them. In our industry, engineers, geologists, skilled laborers, and experienced executives are especially difficult roles to fill because the demand is high and there are fewer individuals with experience in these areas.
In any organization, the senior management team must drive succession planning, align it with the organizational culture and values, and enforce accountability for it throughout the organization. That may include different business models as well as new ways of making the oil and gas industry more attractive for younger generations who have different values, expectations, objectives, and work styles. New leaders will need to lead rather than direct, be adaptable and look at the world on a global scale, and have a high level of business acumen.
Assuring Optimum Production and Enhanced Operational Efficiency through Transient Simulation: A Case Study in North Kuwait Jurassic Fields
Authors: Al-Sharrad Mohammad , Prakash Roshan , Trudvang Christian. F. , Al-Mai Noura , Hajjeyah Abrar A. , Al-Failakawi Abdulaziz H. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The paper presents the flow assurance challenges and the mitigation steps taken in the deep, high pressure & high temperature North Kuwait Jurassic (NKJ) Fields. Flow assurance is extremely diverse subject linked to different engineering disciplines. Understanding the reservoir fluid behavior, rock minerals, completion & pipeline metallurgy and operating envelope is critical to understand and overcome the flow assurance challenges. Pipeline Hydrate Formation is the biggest operational challenge, which frequently disrupts the production of some of the high producing gas wells during the winter months. Different chemicals and combinations of such have been attempted to mitigate the hydrate problem, still optimization of the chemical injection process is ongoing. Other problems of solid, scale or salt blockage in the tubing, surface chokes and pipelines have occurred and steps were taken to clear the obstructions. The NKJ fluids are highly corrosive and a corrosion inhibitor is injected at the wellhead to protect the surface pipelines. Addressing all these challenges require thorough knowledge of the specialized subjects and advance modeling to improve the field operational philosophy.
In the NKJ fields, the pipeline connecting the well to the processing facility (5 – 30 Km long) are neither buried nor insulated. During the winter months (during night & early morning), the well fluid cools down below the hydrate formation temperature in the flowline causing hydrate crystallization and even plugging of the pipeline. Out of the 30 producing wells in the NKJ fields, half of the wells produce water and have hydrate tendency. The produced water salinity varies from well to well and range from fresh water to highly saline water with salinity as high as 330 kppm. This makes the system highly complex and manifest need for a robust solution.
The paper walks through the traditional methods of hydrate mitigation done in the NKJ fields and the way in which transient model was initially built and continuously improved with more data. Currently methanol is used as the hydrate inhibitor and an anti-agglomerate (AA) is under trial. The methanol concentration is governed mostly by experience and on a reactive mode.
An offline transient model advisor was built to understand the hydrate mechanism and optimize the methanol injection The advisor is still under trial, once simulation matches with the field conditions, then it will be online and linked to the existing KwIDF (Kuwait Integrated Digital Fields) technology program. Under KwIDF, Chemical Management workflow will be designed to optimize methanol injection to minimize the well downtime and reduce the OPEX cost. The transient advisor also can predict the surge at the facility inlet which can assist in balancing the production in and out of the facility.
Nanoparticles Adsorption, Straining and Detachment Behavior and its Effects on Permeability of Berea Cores: Analytical Model and Lab Experiments
Authors: Wang Wendong , Yuan Bin , Su Yuliang , Wang Kai , Jiang Miaolun , Moghanloo Rouzbeh Ghanbarnezhad , Rui Zhenhua 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present both experimental and theoretical investigations on nanofluid flow with dynamic adsorption, detachment and straining behavior, and its associated formation damage. In this paper, we conduct core-flooding experiments on oil-wet Berea sandstone. Hydrophilic Nano-structure particles (NSP) is dispersed in the injected brine stream at 0.05, 0.2 and 0.5wt% concentrations. During the core-flooding of nanoparticles injection and post-flush of brine, the corresponding pressure drops across the cores and the effluent nanoparticles concentration are recorded. In order to quantify nanoparticles adsorption/detachment and straining behavior and associated effects on fluid flow, an analytical model is derived using method of characteristics. The interplay between nanoparticles and rocks is described by the coupled the classical particles filtration theory and maximum adsorption concentration model. All the necessary parameters, i.e., the maximum adsorption concentration, reversible or detachment adsorption concentration, nanoparticles adsorption and straining rates, and the corresponding formation damage coefficients, are characterized by matching analytical solutions with the effluent nanoparticles concentration history and real-time pressure drop.
The experimental results indicated that both adsorption and straining occur during the injection. The extent of adsorption and straining for Nano-structure particles (NSP), i.e., maximum adsorption concentration, particles adsorption rate and straining rates, increases along with the increase of nanoparticles injection concentration. As the results, the breakthrough time of nanoparticles injection is delayed, the steady-state effluent concentration decreases, and the pressure drop increases more rapidly. The adsorption amount of nanoparticles includes the reversible and irreversible adsorption. During the post-flush of brine, the reversible adsorbed nanoparticles detach from the already adsorption layers. With the increase of nanoparticle injection concentration, the reversible or detachment of adsorbed nanoparticles also increase.
In practice, this paper will contribute for the following applications 1) apply lab experiments to highlight the importance of nanoparticles adsorption, straining and detachment behaviors on the formation damage. 2) The analytical solution provides physical insights to quantify nanofluid flow performance, and can also be used to optimize the usuage of nanofluids application while considering the loss caused nanoparticles adsorption and straining.