bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation Of freehand high‐resolution 3‐dimensional ultrasound of the median nerve
Authors: Pelz Johann Otto , Busch Maria , Weinreich Anna , Saur Dorothee , Weise David 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIntroduction: In this study we evaluated freehand 3D ultrasound (3DUS) of the median nerve in comparison to 2D ultrasound (2DUS) and assessed the influence of tilting the transversal plane on cross‐sectional area (CSA) measurement. Methods: Two examiners investigated the median nerves of 22 healthy subjects over a distance of 20 cm using 3DUS. Image quality and CSA were assessed at random points within the virtual 3D volume and compared with 2DUS. Results: Image quality within the virtual 3D volume was good/sufficient/poor in 53.0%/40.2%/6.8% (examiner 1) and 21.6%/69.6%/8.8% (examiner 2), respectively. CSA measurements with 3DUS were smaller than with 2DUS (–12% and –17%; Wilcoxon test, P < 0.001). Interrater agreement for 3DUS and intermethod agreement between 2DUS and 3DUS were moderate. Stepwise tilting of the transversal plane increased CSA significantly. Conclusion: Freehand 3DUS of the median nerve over 20 cm is feasible and may help overcome some of the limitations and pitfalls of 2DUS. Muscle Nerve 55: 206–212, 2017
Polycyclische Aromaten in Textilien bestimmen
Authors: Schröder Stephan , Dieckmann Melanie 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBei Bedarfsgegenständen – dazu zählen Textilien und auch Kuscheltiere – muss sichergestellt sein, dass diese nicht mit polyaromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen (PAK) belastet sind. Hochsiedende PAK aus Textilproben lassen sich gaschromatographisch sauber trennen und dann sicher quantifizieren. Mit einem Triplequadrupol‐GC‐MS/MS‐System sinkt die Nachweisgrenze.
Eine globale Nährstoffpumpe
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNährstoffe und Mineralien fließen mit dem Wasserkreislauf bergab und werden letztlich in Sedimenten begraben, wo sie niemandem nützen. Diesem Trend wirken viele größere Tierarten entgegen, die Nährstoffe gegen den Strom und die Schwerkraft transportieren und sie somit weiter verfügbar machen.
Totalsynthese von Strictamin
Authors: Manolikakes Georg , Grimmer Jennifer 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDas Akuammilin‐Alkaloid Strictamin hemmt die Monoaminoxidase und wird in der traditionellen asiatischen Medizin verwendet. Es wurde bereits vor 50 Jahren isoliert, aber erst zu Beginn dieses Jahres beschrieben zwei Gruppen nahezu simultan die Totalsynthese dieses Naturstoffs.
„Wie Naturwissenschaftler wirklich arbeiten“
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: July 2016

AbstractKatrin Sommer, Professorin für Chemiedidaktik, veranstaltet im Schülerlabor der Universität Bochum ein etwas anderes Mitmachprojekt: Kinder und ihre Eltern experimentieren hier gemeinsam, ein Dreiviertel Jahr lang einmal im Monat. Für ihr Konzept, „Kinder erleben mit ihren Eltern Chemie“, Kemie, hat Sommer in diesem Jahr den mit 50 000 Euro dotierten Preis der Polytechnischen Gesellschaft erhalten. Im Interview berichtet sie, wie sich das Projekt entwickelt hat, wie es in ihre Forschung eingeht und warum es keine Konkurrenz zur Schule sein soll.
Classical and quantum dynamics at surfaces: Basic concepts from simple models
Authors: Bonfanti Matteo , Martinazzo Rocco 
Published: July 2016

AbstractElementary processes involving atomic and molecular species at surfaces are reviewed. The emphasis is on simple classical and quantum models that help to single out unifying dynamical themes and to identify the basic physical mechanisms that underlie the rich variety of phenomena of surface chemistry. Starting from an elementary description of the energy transfer between a gas‐phase species and a surface—for both classical and quantum lattices—the key processes establishing the formation of an adsorbed phase (sticking, diffusion and vibrational relaxation) are discussed. This is instrumental for introducing the simplest chemical transformations involving adsorbed species and/or scattering of gas‐phase molecules: Langmuir–Hinshelwood, Hot‐Atom, and Eley–Rideal reactions forming complex molecules from elementary constituents, and dissociative chemisorption of molecules into smaller fragments. Applications are also provided illustrating the ideas developed along the way at work in real‐world gas‐surface problems.
A framework of adaptive steganography resisting JPEG compression and detection
Authors: Zhang Yi , Luo Xiangyang , Yang Chunfang , Ye Dengpan , Liu Fenlin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCurrent typical adaptive steganography algorithms take the detection resistant capability into account adequately but usually cannot extract the embedded secret messages correctly when stego images suffer from compression attack. In order to solve this problem, a framework of adaptive steganography resisting JPEG compression and detection is proposed. Utilizing the relationship between Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) coefficients, the domain of messages embedding is determined; for the maximum of the JPEG compression resistant ability, the modifying magnitude of different DCT coefficients caused by messages embedding can be determined; in order to ensure the completely correct extraction of embedded messages after JPEG compression, error correct codes are used to encode the messages to be embedded; on the basis of the current distortion functions, the distortion value of DCT coefficients corresponding to the modifying magnitude in the embedding domain can be calculated; to improve the detection resistant ability of the stego images and realize the minimum distortion embedding, syndrome‐trellis codes are used to embed the encoded messages into the DCT coefficients that have a smaller distortion value. Based on the proposed framework, an adaptive steganography algorithm resisting JPEG compression and detection is designed, which utilizes the relationship between coefficients in a DCT block and the means of that in three adjacent DCT blocks. The experimental results that demonstrate the proposed algorithm not only has a good JPEG compression resistant ability but also has a strong detection resistant performance. Comparing with current J‐UNIWARD steganography under quality factor 85 of JPEG compression, the extraction error rates without pre‐compression decrease from about 50% to nearly 0, while the stego images remain a good detection resistant ability comparing with a typical robust watermarking algorithm, which shows the validity of the proposed framework. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anonymous attribute‐based proxy re‐encryption for access control in cloud computing
Authors: Zhang Yinghui , Li Jin , Chen Xiaofeng , Li Hui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAs a public key cryptographic primitive, attribute‐based encryption (ABE) is promising in implementing fine‐grained access control in cloud computing. However, before ABE comes into practical applications, two challenging issues have to be addressed, that is, users' attribute privacy protection and access policy update. In this paper, we tackle the aforementioned challenge for the first time by formalizing the notion of anonymous ciphertext‐policy attribute‐based proxy re‐encryption (anonymous CP‐ABPRE) and giving out a concrete construction. We propose a novel technique called match‐then‐re‐encrypt, in which a matching phase is additionally introduced before the re‐encryption phase. This technique uses special components of the proxy re‐encryption key and ciphertext to anonymously check whether the proxy can fulfill a proxy re‐encryption or not. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that our anonymous CP‐ABPRE scheme is secure and efficient. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A highly efficient and secure electronic cash system based on secure sharing in cloud environment
Authors: Chang Chin‐Chen , Chen Wei‐Yi , Chang Shih‐Chang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOnline electronic transactions have become more and more popular in recent years. Electronic cash (e‐cash) has acted an important role, but e‐cash is digital data that can be copied easily, resulting in double spending. To ensure the security and fairness of transactions, researchers designed secure e‐cash payment systems. In 1982, Chaum proposed the first payment scheme using an RSA‐based, blind signature to achieve anonymity. Since then, many studies have been conducted, but most related schemes still have high costs associated with the computations. In this paper, we propose a new, secure, e‐cash payment system using elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC) and secret sharing combined with cloud computing to provide lower cost than previous systems. Our proposed scheme also can meet the requirements of a well‐designed, secure, e‐cash payment system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An Optically‐Pure Hemicryptophane as NMR and ECD Responsive Probe for Chloroform
Authors: Brégier Frédérique , Aubert Emmanuel , Espinosa Enrique , Chambron Jean‐Claude 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAn optically pure hemicryptophane cavitand, in which the primary side of permethylated α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD) is capped with a C3‐chiral cyclotribenzylene (CTB) derivative, responds to its solution environment, either by electronic circular dichroism or 1H NMR spectroscopy. In particular, the primary methoxy (6′‐OMe) protons of the α‐CD component behave as solvent sensitive NMR probes. For example, they are more shielded in C2D2Cl4 than in CDCl3, and their chemical shifts show opposite temperature dependence. A similar contrasted behavior was observed in benzene vs. toluene, suggesting that the observed effects are related to the size of the solvent molecule. Molecular Dynamics simulations indicated that C2H2Cl4 and CHCl3 were included in the α‐CD component of the hemicryptophane, but not in the CTB concavity, with binding energies of –21.1 kJ
mol–1 and –32.7 kJ
mol–1, respectively.
Extruded Poly(ethylene–co–vinyl alcohol) Composite Films Containing Biopolymers Isolated from Municipal Biowaste
Authors: Nisticò Roberto , Evon Philippe , Labonne Laurent , Vaca‐Medina Guadalupe , Montoneri Enzo , Francavilla Matteo , Vaca‐Garcia Carlos , Magnacca Giuliana , Franzoso Flavia , Negre Michèle 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSingle‐screw extrusion allows obtaining composite films containing poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol), hereinafter EVOH, and water‐soluble lignin‐like biopolymers (SLP) isolated from the alkaline hydrolysate of two materials sampled from an urban waste treatment plant. During extrusion, a condensation reaction occurs between the EVOH and SLP. The products are heterogeneous. They contain a mix of EVOH‐SLP copolymers with different composition and solubility properties. The films were characterized for tensile strength and water sorption properties. Young modulus and strain at break, respectively, were 2.8 GPa and 14 % for neat EVOH vs. 2.1‐0.9 GPa and 17–4 % for the blends containing 2–15 % SLP, with values decreasing upon increasing the % SLP. The blends were more hydrophilic than neat EVOH; their water sorption capacity was found to increase upon increasing the SLP content. Compared to previously reported similar blends obtained by twin‐screw extrusion and solvent casting, the data for the single‐screw extruded films allows discussing several aspects connected to the valorisation of blends obtained from fossil and biowaste sourced polymers.
Superior Monodisperse CNT‐Supported CoPd (CoPd@CNT) Nanoparticles for Selective Reduction of Nitro Compounds to Primary Amines with NaBH4 in Aqueous Medium
Authors: Göksu Haydar , Çelik Betül , Yıldız Yunus , Şen Fatih , Kılbaş Benan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSuperior carbon nanotube furnished CoPd (CoPd@CNT) nanoparticles (NPs) were reproducibly and easily produced by sonochemical double solvent reduction method in a mild condition and the size of the CoPd NPs was found as 3.63 nm. The prepared novel catalyst were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the high resolution electron micrograph (HRTEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The sum of their results showed the formation of highly crystalline, monodisperse and colloidally stable CoPd@CNT. The catalytic performance of these novel NPs were investigated for the first time for highly selective reduction to –NO2 unlike –CN groups, in which they were found to be exceptional reusable, isolable, stable and highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst. All prepared products were obtained with perfect yield by using CoPd@CNT as a heterogeneous catalyst and NaBH4 as a hydrogen source. Our synthesis process provides a facile and eco‐friendly route to CoPd@CNT, allowing further investigation of current catalysts for many other chemical reactions.
Assessing the adoption level of scaled agile development: a maturity model for Scaled Agile Framework
Authors: Turetken Oktay , Stojanov Igor , Trienekens Jos J. M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlthough the agile software development approaches have gained wide acceptance in practice, the concerns regarding the scalability and integration of agile practices in traditional large‐scale system development projects are prevailing. Scaled Agile Framework (SAFe) has emerged as a solution to address some of these concerns. Despite few encouraging results, case studies indicate several challenges of SAFe adoption. Currently, there is a lack of a well‐structured gradual approach for establishing SAFe. Before and during SAFe adoption, organizations can benefit greatly from a uniform model for assessing the current progress, and establishing a roadmap for the initiative. To address this need, we developed a maturity model that provides guidance for software developing organizations in defining a roadmap for adopting SAFe. The model can also be used to assess the level of SAFe adoption. We took an existing agile maturity model as a basis for agile practices and extended it with practices that are key to SAFe. The model was developed and refined with industry experts using the Delphi technique. A case study was conducted in a large organization where we evaluated the model by applying it to assess the level of SAFe adoption. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Software: Evolution and Process Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Injury Characteristics and Outcomes in Elderly Trauma Patients in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Gallaher Jared R. , Haac Bryce E. , Geyer Andrew J. , Mabedi Charles , Cairns Bruce A. , Charles Anthony G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic injury in the elderly is an emerging global problem with an associated increase in morbidity and mortality. This study sought to describe the epidemiology of elderly injury and outcomes in sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of adult patients (≥ 18 years) with traumatic injuries presenting to the Kamuzu Central Hospital (KCH) in Lilongwe, Malawi, over 5 years (2009–2013). Elderly patients were defined as adults aged ≥65 years and compared to adults aged 18–44 and 45–64 years. We used propensity score matching and logistic regression to compare the odds of mortality between age groups using the youngest age group as the reference.Results42,816 Adult patients with traumatic injuries presented to KCH during the study period. 1253 patients (2.9 %) were aged ≥65 years with a male preponderance (77.4 %). Injuries occurred more often at home as age increased (25.3, 29.5, 41.1 %, p < 0.001) and falls were more common (14.1, 23.8, 36.3 %, p < 0.001) for elderly patients. Elderly age was associated with a higher proportion of hospital admissions (10.6, 21.3, 35.2 %, p < 0.001). Upon propensity score matching and logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of mortality for patients aged ≥65 was 3.15 (95 % CI 1.45, 6.82, p = 0.0037) compared to the youngest age group (18–44 years).ConclusionsElderly trauma in a resource‐poor area in sub‐Saharan Africa is associated with a significant increase in hospital admissions and mortality. Significant improvements in trauma systems, pre‐hospital care, and hospital capacity for older, critically ill patients are imperative.
Predicting user behavior in electronic markets based on personality-mining in large online social networks
Authors: Buettner Ricardo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Determining a user’s preferences is an important condition for effectively operating automatic recommendation systems. Since personality theory claims that a user’s personality substantially influences preference, I propose a personality-based product recommender (PBPR) framework to analyze social media data in order to predict a user’s personality and to subsequently derive its personality-based product preferences. The PBRS framework will be evaluated as an IT-artefact with a unique online social network XING dataset and a unique coffeemaker preference dataset. My evaluation results show (a) the possibility of predicting a user’s personality from social media data, as I reached a predictive gain between 23.2 and 41.8 percent and (b) the possibility of recommending products based on a user’s personality, as I reached a predictive gain of 45.1 percent.
Inflammatory bowel and oxidative stress changes in an experimental model of portal hypertension: action of N-acetylcysteine
Authors: Licks Francielli , Hartmann Renata Minuzzo , Schemitt Elizângela , Colares Josieli Raskopf , Fillmann Lúcio Sarubbi , Fillmann Henrique , Marroni Norma Possa 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroduction Portal hypertension (PH) is characterized by vasodilatation in the portal system and the bowel is one of the severely affected organs. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a molecule with important properties and widely used in clinical practice.Objective To evaluate NAC action in the bowel of animals submitted to the animal model of partial portal vein ligation (PPVL).Methods 18 male Wistar rats were divided into three experimental groups (n = 6): sham-operated (SO), PPVL, and PPVL + NAC. On the 8th day after surgery, N-acetylcysteine (10 mg/kg, ip) was administered daily for 7 days. On the 15th day the animals’ bowel was collected for oxidative stress analysis, immunohistochemistry and Western blot. We evaluated the expression of NF-KB and TNF-α by immunohistochemistry and of iNOS by Western blot. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by TBARS technique, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutation peroxidase (GPx) were checked.Results We observed an increased expression of NF-KB and TNF-α in PPVL group, and an increased iNOS expression assessed by Western blot. NAC reduced the expression of all proteins evaluated. We also observed an increase in oxidative stress in the bowel of mice PPVL group compared to controls (SO), and NAC was effective in reducing these values in PPVL + NAC group. Also, a reduction in the activity of SOD and GPx enzymes was observed in the diseased group, and NAC was able to restore the activity of the enzymes assessed.Conclusion We suggest the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action of NAC in the bowel of animals submitted to PPVL model.
Guest Editors’ Introduction:Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Developing Country Multinationals
Authors: Doh Jonathan , Husted Bryan W. , Yang Xiaohua 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT:In this article we provide an overview of the literature on ethics and social responsibility of developing country multinationals (DMNEs) and an introduction to the contributions of the articles in this special section. With the rising influence of DMNEs in the global economy, there is increasing interest in applying descriptive, explanatory, and normative theories to understand the ethics and CSR behavior and practices of DMNEs. This article provides an overarching review of perspectives first from ethics, CSR, and business and society, and then from international business and management scholarship. We identify limits and gaps in the current literature and show how the articles in our special section contribute to fill these gaps. We highlight the emerging, transitional and distinct features of DMNEs that are different from their domestic and foreign counterparts. The very limited extant literature and the contributions of this special section underscore the influence of institutional voids and duality that appear to prompt DMNEs to pursue CSR as a signaling mechanism to gain legitimacy, overcome liabilities of foreignness and obtain a “license to operate” in developed countries. We outline the key contributions from the articles in this special section and discuss the future research agenda espoused by the issues raised in these articles.
Existence of a sharp transition in the peak propulsive efficiency of a low- pitching foil
Authors: Das Anil , Shukla Ratnesh K. , Govardhan Raghuraman N. 
Published: July 2016

We perform a comprehensive characterization of the propulsive performance of a thrust generating pitching foil over a wide range of Reynolds ($10\leqslant Re\leqslant 2000$) and Strouhal ($St$) numbers using a high-resolution viscous vortex particle method. For a given $Re$, we show that the mean thrust coefficient $\overline{C_{T}}$ increases monotonically with $St$, exhibiting a sharp rise as the location of the inception of the wake asymmetry shifts towards the trailing edge. As a result, the propulsive efficiency too rises steeply before attaining a maximum and eventually declining at an asymptotic rate that is consistent with the inertial scalings of $St^{2}$ for $\overline{C_{T}}$ and $St^{3}$ for the mean power coefficient, with the latter scaling holding, quite remarkably, over the entire range of $Re$. We find the existence of a sharp increase in the peak propulsive efficiency ${\it\eta}_{max}$ (at a given $Re$) in the $Re$ range of 50 to approximately 1000, with ${\it\eta}_{max}$ increasing rapidly from about 1.7 % to the saturated asymptotic value of approximately $16\,\%$. The $St$ at which ${\it\eta}_{max}$ is attained decreases progressively with $Re$ towards an asymptotic limit of $0.45$ and always exceeds the one for transition from a reverse von Kármán to a deflected wake. Moreover, the drag-to-thrust transition occurs at a Strouhal number $St_{tr}$ that exceeds the one for von Kármán to reverse von Kármán transition. The $St_{tr}$ and the corresponding power coefficient $\overline{C_{p,}}_{tr}$ are found to be remarkably consistent with the simple scaling relationships $St_{tr}\sim Re^{-0.37}$ and $\overline{C_{p,}}_{tr}\sim Re^{-1.12}$ that are derived from a balance of the thrust generated from the pitching motion and the drag force arising out of viscous resistance to the foil motion. The fact that the peak propulsive efficiency degrades appreciably only below $Re\approx 10^{3}$ establishes a sharp lower threshold for energetically efficient thrust generation from a pitching foil. Our findings should be generalizable to other thrust-producing flapping foil configurations and should aid in establishing the link between wake patterns and energetic cost of thrust production in similar systems.
Medieval impacts on the vegetation around the confluence of the river Meuse and its tributary the Swalm, the Netherlands
Authors: Bakels Corrie 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe vegetation history of the area around the confluence of the rivers Meuse and Swalm (the Netherlands) during the Middle Ages is covered by two pollen diagrams. The diagram Swalmen reveals a large-scale deforestation as a result of the foundation of a nobleman's homestead around 950. The diagram Syperhof shows a period during which the forest partly returns after a long history of unremitting anthropogenic stress. This temporary phenomenon is ascribed to the onslaught of the Black Death in 1349. Both diagrams provide evidence of the start of buckwheat growing.