bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary traumatic stress and vicarious posttraumatic growth in oncology nurses: the mediating role of empathy
Authors: Cai Yitong , Liu Ming , Li Yifei , Li Juan , Geng Jie , Liu Xiaoying , Zhang Jingping 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe relationship between secondary traumatic stress (STS), empathy, and vicarious post-traumatic growth (VPTG) in oncology nurses is unclear. Understanding these links is crucial for improving nurse well-being and patient care quality.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the relationships between STS, empathy, and VPTG among oncology nurses.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in a multicentric setting. Data collection involved oncology nurses completing questionnaires assessing STS, empathy, and VPTG levels. Data analysis included correlation analyses, multiple stepwise regression analysis, and structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the interrelationships between these variables. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist.ResultsA total of 391 oncology nurses participated in the study. They showed moderate to low levels of VPTG and high levels of STS. STS exhibited a negative association with VPTG, while empathy demonstrated a positive direct association with both VPTG and STS. Moreover, SEM indicated that empathy mediated the relationship between STS and VPTG, with a partial mediating effect of 0.127. Factors such as receiving psychological training, educational attainment, STS, and empathy collectively explained 24% of the variance in VPTG.ConclusionOur findings highlighted the negative correlation between STS and VPTG among oncology nurses. Additionally, empathy was found to mediate the relationship between STS and VPTG, suggesting it plays a significant role in influencing VPTG.Implications for practiceTo aid oncology nurses, interventions should focus on reducing STS and enhancing empathy. Strategies like resilience workshops, peer support, and stress management can foster VPTG. Creating a supportive work environment is crucial for nurses’ well-being and quality patient care.
Physical therapist management and coordination of care to prevent pathological hip fracture from metastatic disease: a case report
Authors: Manzino Athena , Wilson Christopher 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundBone metastases are common in patients with progressive cancer and often present in long bones, leading to adverse events such as pathologic fractures. In the acute care setting, physical therapists (PTs) may be the initial providers who identify symptoms associated with fracture risk and communicate concerns to help prevent such adverse events.Case descriptionA 39-year-old female patient with metastatic breast cancer was admitted to the hospital due to uncontrolled pain. She had a history of bone metastases to the left femur; however, no restrictions or precautions were noted during the initial PT examination. During this initial PT examination, she reported worsening hip pain with weight-bearing activities.OutcomesWith the PT's recognition of red flag symptoms, an MRI was completed, which revealed extensive metastatic disease in her left femur with concern for an imminent fracture; as a result, prophylactic fixation was performed. Her functional abilities improved after surgery and consistent therapeutic intervention, allowing her to achieve a level of independence sufficient to return home safely.Discussion and conclusionThis case demonstrates the successful identification of imminent fracture risk by a PT in a patient with metastatic breast cancer, as well as the therapeutic management that accompanied this process in the acute care setting.
Promising clinical effect of arthroscopic autologous iliac bone grafting with suture anchor binding fixation for recurrent anterior shoulder instability
Authors: Tang Bo , Zhao Peng , Wu Ping Shi , Fan Cheng 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic autologous iliac bone grafting with suture anchor binding fixation combined with a Bankart repair for recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with a significant anterior glenoid defect.MethodsPatients with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with an anterior glenoid defect area greater than 20% admitted to our department from March 2019 to March 2022 were prospectively enrolled. Arthroscopic autologous iliac bone grafting with suture anchor binding fixation combined with a Bankart repair was performed. Computed tomography (CT) images were captured preoperatively, immediately after surgery, and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively to evaluate the glenoid defect area, graft area, and graft healing. Shoulder function was assessed using the Instability Severity Index, Oxford Shoulder Instability, and Rowe scores recorded preoperatively and at the final follow-up. The shoulder range of motion, shoulder stability test, surgery-related complications, subluxation/dislocation, and revision surgery were also evaluated.ResultsA total of 32 patients were included in the study, with an average follow-up time of 18.3 ± 6.3 months, when the graft healing rate was shown to be 100%. The area ratio of the graft to the glenoid was 37.6% ± 10.5% (range, 23.5%–44.1%) determined by an enface-view three-dimensional CT performed immediately after surgery, and 29.2 ± 8.2% (range, 19.6%–38.7%) at 12 months postoperatively. At the final follow-up, the glenoid defect had improved from 28.7 ± 6.4% (range, 20.5%–40.6%) before surgery to −10.2 ± 4.7% (range, −13.8% to 6.1%). The preoperative Rowe and Oxford scores were 56.4 ± 8.5 and 34.7 ± 7.1 respectively, which improved to 94.3 ± 6.7 and 15.3 ± 3.2 at the final follow-up (p &lt; .001). All patients had no limited shoulder joint activity, no re-dislocation or revision surgery, and no neurovascular injury.ConclusionsFor recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with an anterior glenoid defect area greater than 20%, arthroscopic autologous iliac bone grafting with suture anchor fixation combined with a Bankart repair produced a promising clinical effect. A significant shoulder function score was achieved, as was a 100% bone healing rate and ideal glenoid reconstruction without major complications. Thus, this technique may be considered an alternative to the classic Latarjet approach to treat recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation with an anterior glenoid defect area greater than 20%.Level of EvidenceIV.
Clinical efficacy of unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression in the treatment of adjacent segment disease after lumbar fusion
Authors: Xu Yun , Liu Yang , Ding Ding , Ru Bin , Wan Quan , Ji Zhongwei , Liu Wenlong , Guo Ran , Hu Jiaqi , Zhang Nannan , Xu Langhai , Li Shun , Cai Wenjun 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo assess the clinical impact of unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression (ULBD) in managing patients with adjacent vertebrae following lumbar fusion.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 21 patients, with a mean age of 67.4 years, who underwent ULBD for adjacent vertebra disease at our department from January 2021 to November 2023. We reviewed demographic data, surgical techniques, imaging studies, and patient-reported outcomes. The study compared Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) scores, Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, Short Form-36 (SF-36) scores, and imaging outcomes before surgery, immediately post-surgery, and at 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months post-surgery.ResultsEvaluation of 21 patients with adjacent segment disease (ASD) (13 males, 8 females; mean age 67.42 years) was performed with follow-ups at various intervals post-surgery. Postoperative VAS, NRS, JOA, and SF-36 scores showed significant improvements compared to preoperative scores. Immediately after surgery, there were significant improvements in NRS score (2.76 ± 0.70 vs. 3.71 ± 0.85, P &lt; 0.05) and JOA score (15.38 ± 1.02 vs. 9.29 ± 1.01, P &lt; 0.05) compared to preoperative scores. Similarly, at 12 months post-surgery, significant improvements were observed in NRS score (1.52 ± 0.51 vs. 3.71 ± 0.85, P &lt; 0.05) and JOA score (25.0 ± 1.10 vs. 9.29 ± 1.01, P &lt; 0.05) compared to preoperative scores. The clinical satisfaction rate was 95.0% among all patients, with postoperative imaging examinations revealing a significant decompression effect. No complications were reported among the surgical patients.ConclusionsThis study suggests that endoscopic ULBD can be a safe and effective technique for managing symptomatic ASD, providing satisfactory clinical outcomes for patients with ASD. Endoscopic ULBD may serve as an alternative treatment option for ASD with lumbar stenosis.
Increased brain volume in the early phase of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to delayed cerebral ischemia
Authors: Sun Chao , Qin Bin , Zhang Jingyu , Liang Yidan , Cui Min , Yang Qiang , Wang Yanglingxi , Gong Jian , Xiang Yi 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between the swelling rate of brain volume within the first 48 h after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and the subsequent development of delayed cerebral ischemia.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with spontaneous aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage admitted to the Neurosurgery Intensive Care Unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between January 2020 and January 2023. The clinical data, treatment outcomes, and imaging data were analyzed. Brain volume was evaluated using 3D-Slicer software at two time points post-hemorrhage: within the first 24 h and between 24 and 48 h. The swelling rate of brain volume was defined as the ratio of the absolute difference between two measurements to the smaller of values. Patients were categorized into two groups based on established diagnostic criteria of delayed cerebral ischemia. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors influencing delayed cerebral ischemia.ResultsA total of 140 patients were enrolled in this study. 46 patients experienced delayed cerebral ischemia after bleeding. The swelling rate of brain volume was larger in the DCI group (10.66 ± 8.45) compared to the non-DCI group (3.59 ± 2.62), which showed a statistically significant difference. Additionally, advanced age, smoking history, history of hypertension, loss of consciousness, poor Hunt-Hess grade, high mFisher score, brain volume within 24 h, and IVH were also statistically different between the two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the swelling rate of brain volume was an independent risk factor for DCI with adjusting the advanced age, smoking history, history of hypertension, poor Hunt-Hess grade, high mFisher score, brain volume within 24 h, and IVH.ConclusionBrain volume significantly increased in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage during the early phase (within 48 h post-onset). The larger swelling rate of brain volume is an independent risk factor for the development of delayed cerebral ischemia, and it may hold significant predictive value for the incidence of delayed cerebral ischemia.
Exploring Histoplasma species seroprevalence and risk factors for seropositivity in The Gambia’s working equid population: Baseline analysis of the Tackling Histoplasmosis project dataset
Authors: Cornell Tessa Rose , Fye Biram Laity , Nyassi Edrisa , Ceesay Fatou , Jallow Mahmud , Langendonk R. Frèdi , Wootton Dan G. , Pinchbeck Gina , Scantlebury Claire Elizabeth 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionExposure rates to Histoplasma species, the causative agent of equine epizootic lymphangitis (EL), are unknown amongst working equids in The Gambia. The primary aims of this study were to estimate anti-Histoplasma antibody seroprevalence in the equid population in rural The Gambia and to explore risk factors for seropositivity.MethodsA nationwide cross-sectional study was conducted (February–July 2022), representing baseline measurements of a longitudinal cohort study. Horses (n = 463) and donkeys (n = 92) without EL signs were recruited in 18 study sites. Following informed owner consent, equid clinical and management data were recorded. Blood samples were collected by jugular venepuncture, and sera were subject to the IMMY Latex Agglutination Histoplasma test (LAT). Seropositivity risk factors were explored by multi-level, multivariable logistic regression analysis. Study site and household variance were described using a latent-variable approach. Whole blood DNA extractions were subject to nested ITS-PCR to detect Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum (HCF), and agreement with LAT results was measured using Cohen’s kappa statistic.ResultsAnti-Histoplasma antibody seroprevalence in horses and donkeys was 79.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 76.0–83.5%] and 46.7% (95% CI 36.3–57.4%), respectively. In horses, two multivariable models explained the maximum amount of data variability. Model 1 demonstrated increased odds of seropositivity in mares [odds ratio (OR) = 2.90 95% CI 1.70–4.95, p &lt; 0.001] and decreased odds in horses &lt;2.5 years (OR = 0.46 95% CI 0.22–0.95, p = 0.04; reference: ≥4.5 years). Model 2 demonstrated increased odds in horses recruited during the rainy season (OR = 2.03 95% CI 1.08–3.84, p = 0.03) and those owned by farmers reporting previous EL in their equids (OR = 1.87 95% CI 1.04–3.37, p = 0.04). Decreased odds were measured in horses &lt;2.5 years (OR = 0.37 95% CI 0.18–0.78, p = 0.01) and horses reported to transport firewood (OR = 0.45 95% CI 0.28–0.74, p = 0.001). On multivariable analysis of donkeys, decreased odds of seropositivity were demonstrated amongst donkeys owned by households which also owned horses (OR = 0.23 95% CI 0.06–0.85, p = 0.03). HCF infection prevalence in horses and donkeys was 22.0% (n = 102/463, 95% CI 18.3–26.1%) and 5.4% (n = 5/92, 95% CI 1.8–12.2%), respectively. No significant agreement was measured between LAT and nested ITS-PCR results (κ &lt; 0.00).ConclusionHigh Histoplasma spp. exposure was demonstrated amongst equids in The Gambia. Investigation of risk factors, including equid husbandry and management strategies, as well as geoclimatic variations, is warranted. Outcomes may inform sustainable and equitable EL control strategies in The Gambia and comparable settings worldwide.
Analysis of Rejection, Infection and Surgical Outcomes in Type I Versus Type II Diabetic Recipients After Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Martinez Eric J. , Pham Phuoc H. , Wang Jesse F. , Stalter Lily N. , Welch Bridget M. , Leverson Glen , Marka Nicholas , Al-Qaoud Talal , Mandelbrot Didier , Parajuli Sandesh , Sollinger Hans W. , Kaufman Dixon B. , Redfield Robert R. , Odorico Jon Scott 
Published: September 2024

Given the increasing frequency of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants performed in recipients with Type II diabetes and CKD, we sought to evaluate possible differences in the rates of allograft rejection, infection, and surgical complications in 298 Type I (T1D) versus 47 Type II (T2D) diabetic recipients of simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplants between 2006-2017. There were no significant differences in patient or graft survival. The risk of biopsy-proven rejection of both grafts was not significantly different between T2D and T1D recipients (HRpancreas = 1.04, p = 0.93; HRkidney = 0.96; p = 0.93). Rejection-free survival in both grafts were also not different between the two diabetes types (ppancreas = 0.57; pkidney = 0.41). T2D had a significantly lower incidence of de novo DSA at 1 year (21% vs. 39%, p = 0.02). There was no difference in T2D vs. T1D recipients regarding readmissions (HR = 0.77, p = 0.25), infections (HR = 0.77, p = 0.18), major surgical complications (HR = 0.89, p = 0.79) and thrombosis (HR = 0.92, p = 0.90). In conclusion, rejection, infections, and surgical complications after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplant are not statistically significantly different in T2D compared to T1D recipients.
Schistosomiasis in the Military—A Narrative Review
Authors: Costescu Strachinaru Diana Isabela , Nyandwaro Jemima Nyaboke , Stoefs Anke , Dooms Eric , Vanbrabant Peter , François Pierre-Michel , Strachinaru Mihai , Van Esbroeck Marjan , Bottieau Emmanuel , Soentjens Patrick 
Published: September 2024

Schistosomiasis is a parasitosis caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. Humans are infected when coming into contact with freshwater containing the parasites’ infective stages, which are amplified through freshwater-dwelling snails acting as intermediate hosts. Schistosomiasis has posed significant problems for troops exposed to freshwater in endemic regions ever since the Napoleonic wars. Schistosomiasis has substantial differences in clinical presentation, depending on the type of parasite, intensity of infection and reinfection, clinical form, and disease stage. It can remain undiagnosed for long periods of time, with well-known long-term morbidity and mortality risks. The diagnosis of schistosomiasis depends on its stage and relays on several tests, all with limitations in sensitivity and specificity. The diagnostic gold standard is the detection of eggs in urine, feces, or tissue biopsies, but this can raise problems in patients such as military personnel, in which the worm burden is usually low. Praziquantel is the drug of choice for schistosomiasis. Currently, there is no available commercial vaccine against any Schistosoma parasite. Avoiding freshwater exposure is the best prevention. Herein, we review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of schistosomiasis in the military. This information may decrease the impact of schistosomiasis on this particular professional group.
A importância da defesa pessoal e do uso da força na atividade do Policial Militar
Authors: Mello Ricardo Amaro de , Silva Segundo Cleverson Luiz Nascimento Antunes da , Souza Marilza Pereira de 
Published: September 2024

A defesa pessoal na atividade policial refere-se às situações em que o profissional necessita agir frente ao exercício de sua função, utilizando-se de técnicas e uso da força de forma proporcional, com o objetivo de diminuir as situações de letalidade e reforçando as relações de confiança entre a população e os policiais militares. Isto posto, ao agir nas situações de conflito, o policial deve ter a agilidade em pensar e selecionar as ações que deve empregar em determinado momento. De acordo com os documentos, são variados os níveis de empregabilidade da força e técnicas que objetivam com segurança, imobilizar e conduzir a pessoa infratora para cumprimento dos trâmites legais. O uso da força deve ser adequado especificamente para a situação em questão sem causar danos desnecessários. Neste trabalho, destaca-se as técnicas de defesa pessoal, a partir de revisões bibliográficas e documentais que expressam as possibilidades de ações para cada situação, dependendo do grau de envolvimento entre o indivíduo abordado e o policial responsável pelo atendimento. As técnicas de defesa pessoal são sugeridas nos casos em que há resistência ativa ou agressividade contra o policial, ou ainda, em que há tentativa de fuga por parte da pessoa infratora. Estudos sobre o tema proposto, servem para que os policiais conheçam e compreendam os elementos que envolvem a ação policial mediante as práticas de defesa pessoal.
الفكر الديني في واحة الداخلة خلال العصر الروماني المتأخر (التنوع والتفعيل الوظيفي في ضوء المصادر الأثرية).
Authors: محمد عبد الفتاح سليمان  
Published: September 2024

هذه الدراسة تحتوي على تفاعل بين المصادر الأثرية والتاريخية، التي تعبر عن تطور الفكر الديني في واحة الداخلة خلال العصر الروماني المتأخر والمسيحي المبكر، وذلك من خلال العناصر التالية­
1-	البعد التاريخي للفكر الديني في واحة الداخلة خلال العصر الروماني من خلال الآلهة الكبرى ست وآمون نخت وتحوت وتوتوـ
2-	الاله والمعبد من خلال دراسة معبد دير الحجر ومعبد الإله تحوت في آمهدة
3-	الوثنية والمسيحية في واحة الداخلة من خلال العلاقة بين معبد توت في إسمنت الخراب والكنائس التي ترجع إلى القرن الرابع في الموقع ذاته، كذلك الجذور المسيحية المانوية للنصوص التي عثر عليها في كاليا .
الانزياح التركيبي في شعر ذي الرمة بين النمطية و الوظيفية ( الجملة الفعلية أنموذجا)
Authors: فريال الهديب  , محمد الشريدة  
Published: September 2024

انبرى البحث لدراسة ظاهرة أسلوبية شائعة الإتيان في ديوان الشاعر الأموي ذي الرّمة، تتمظهر في انزياح تركيبيّ طغى على بناء الجملة الفعلية؛ بحيث يتقدم المفعول به على الفاعل ضمن الرتبة الحرّة. فكانت غاية البحث تتبّع هذه النماذج المنزاحة، وتصنيفها وفقاً لموقع الانزياح من بنية البيت الشعري، وبيان المقاصد الكامنة وراءها عن طريق التحليل الكاشف جماليات الانزياح، وحمولاته الدلالية التأثيرية التي ما كانت تتحقق لولاه.
واستوى البحث على مهاد وفصول ثلاثة، تنهض بطرح جوانب الظاهرة، وأسئلتها المختلفة، ورصد نماذجها إحصائياً.
وأسفرت القراءة التحليليّة عن جملة من الرؤى والنتائج، منها:
-	غلب الانزياح المتعلق بتركيب الجملة الفعلية على أصل تركيبها المعياريّ الذي بدا خافتاً قليل الاستعمال.
-	رجّحت الدراسة أنّ امتطاء هذا اللون الانزياحيّ لم يكن محض الصدفة، بل إن ّ ثمةَ قصديّة تقف وراءه وتوجّهه صوب تغيير معمار جملة الشاعر الفعلية.
-	جهد البحث في استكناه الكثير من أسرار الانزياح، وخفاياه الجمالية الدلالية، وقيمه التأثيريّة، والدور الذي لعبه في إثراء المعاني، واغنائها بالعمق الدلالي، فضلاً عن بيان دور هندسة البيت الشعري، ومعماره في بناء الجملة الشعرية واتّساقها مع السياقات القبليّة والبعديّة للانزياح.
-	لا يمكن للباحث التوصل إلى غايات ومقاصد من النماذج الانزياحية عند ذي الرّمة كلّها؛ ذلك أن قصديته في الاختيار التركيبيّ، وانكشاف غايته النمطيّة كانت وراء شيوع هذا الأسلوب ومداريته في ديوان الشاعر، فضلاً عن ضغوطات القافية والوزن الشعريّ، ودورها في دفع الشاعر ولزّه إلى إجراء الانزياح.
حجم الأثر وما وراء التحليل
Authors: الكناني ممدوح عبدالمنعم , جاد الرب هشام فتحي 
Published: September 2024

الأهداف :هدف هذا البحث إلى عرض مقدمة نظرية للتعريف بحجم الأثر وعرض منهجية ما وراء التحليل، وكيفية القيام بها وأهميتها من خلال أمثلة متنوعة لطرق تقدير قيمة حجم الأثر المختلفة، ومتوسطها وتباينها عبر الدراسات المختلفة. يعرض البحث أهمية الانتقال إلى ما بعد الدلالة الإحصائية إلى الدلالة العملية وتقدير حجم الأثر، متناولاً مفهوم حجم الأثر، وتفسيره، والعوامل المؤثرة في دقة تقديره؛ وشارحاً أنواع مؤشـرات حجم الأثر، وطرق التحويلات الرياضية بين تلك المؤشـرات .المنهج: من الضروري التمييز بين نموذج الآثار الثابتة والعشوائية عند القيام بدراسة ما وراء التحليل؛ لذلك يعرض البحث طرق تقدير متوسط وتباين حجم الأثر في ضوء نموذج الآثار الثابتة ونموذج الآثار العشوائية. ينتقل البحث لعرض موضوع مهمّ عند القيام بدراسة ما وراء التحليل، وهو المقارنة بين المجموعات الفرعية في الخصائص الإحصائية لنتائج ما وراء التحليل، ومنه ينتقل البحث لعرض موضوع ما وراء التحليل: مفهومه وأهدافه وأهميته وخطواته، وينتهي البحث بعرض قوة الاختبارات الإحصائية التي يتضمنها ما وراء التحليل. النتائج: عرض البحث عدداً كبيراً من الأمثلة الواقعية والأشكال التوضيحية، لتسهيل فهم أسس ما وراء التحليل، ولمساعدة الباحث المهتم في تخطيط وتنفيذ دراسة ما وراء التحليل الخاصة به.
صعوبات تنظيم الانفعال كمتغير وسيط بين التعاطف وإجهاد الشفقة لدى مقدمي الرعاية الصحية (أطباء وممرضين)
Authors: الشناوي نجوى إبراهيم 
Published: September 2024

هدف الدراسة: تهدف الدراسة الراهنة إلى فحص العلاقة بين إجهاد الشفقة، وكل من التعاطف وصعوبات تنظيم الانفعال، وكذلك فحص دور صعوبات تنظيم الانفعال كمتغير وسيط بين التعاطف وإجهاد الشفقة، وذلك لدى مقدمي الرعاية الصحية قوامها 300 طبيب وممرض. منهج الدراسة: وتــم الاستعانــة بالاستخبــار الذاتـــي لإجهـــاد الشفـقــة إعــداد »جنتري « وزميليله، ومؤشـر التفاعل بين الأشخاص لقياس التعاطف تأليف» مارك ديفيز«، ومقياس صعوبات تنظيم الانفعال تأليف »جراتز، ورومر«، وثلاثة المقاييس ترجمة الباحثة في هذه الدراسة .نتائج الدراسة: وقد كشفت نتائج الدراسة عن وجود علاقات ارتباطية إيجابية دالة إحصائياً بين إجهاد الشفقة، والتعاطف، وصعوبات تنظيم الانفعال وبعضها بعضا لدى مقدمي الرعاية الصحية (أطباء وممرضين). كما أن صعوبات تنظيم الانفعال تتوسط جزئياً العلاقة بين التعاطف وإجهاد الشفقة لديهم .ولم تظهر فروق دالة إحصائياً بين الأطباء والممرضين على جميع متغيرات الدراسة، بينما وجدت فروق دالة إحصائياً بين الذكور والإناث على أغلب متغيرات الدراسة، كما اتضح وجود تأثير لكل من النوع الاجتماعي، ومجال التخصص على متغير إجهاد الشفقة.