bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two-photon interference of polarization-entangled photons in a Franson interferometer
Authors: Kim Heonoh , Lee Sang Min , Kwon Osung , Moon Han Seb 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present two-photon interference experiments with polarization-entangled photon pairs in a polarization-based Franson-type interferometer. Although the two photons do not meet at a common beamsplitter, a phase-insensitive Hong-Ou-Mandel type two-photon interference peak and dip fringes are observed, resulting from the two-photon interference effect between two indistinguishable two-photon probability amplitudes leading to a coincidence detection. A spatial quantum beating fringe is also measured for nondegenerate photon pairs in the same interferometer, although the two-photon states have no frequency entanglement. When unentangled polarization-correlated photons are used as an input state, the polarization entanglement is successfully recovered through the interferometer via delayed compensation.
Associating transcription factors and conserved RNA structures with gene regulation in the human brain
Authors: Hecker Nikolai , Seemann Stefan E. , Silahtaroglu Asli , Ruzzo Walter L. , Gorodkin Jan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAnatomical subdivisions of the human brain can be associated with different neuronal functions. This functional diversification is reflected by differences in gene expression. By analyzing post-mortem gene expression data from the Allen Brain Atlas, we investigated the impact of transcription factors (TF) and RNA secondary structures on the regulation of gene expression in the human brain. First, we modeled the expression of a gene as a linear combination of the expression of TFs. We devised an approach to select robust TF-gene interactions and to determine localized contributions to gene expression of TFs. Among the TFs with the most localized contributions, we identified EZH2 in the cerebellum, NR3C1 in the cerebral cortex and SRF in the basal forebrain. Our results suggest that EZH2 is involved in regulating ZIC2 and SHANK1 which have been linked to neurological diseases such as autism spectrum disorder. Second, we associated enriched regulatory elements inside differentially expressed mRNAs with RNA secondary structure motifs. We found a group of purine-uracil repeat RNA secondary structure motifs plus other motifs in neuron related genes such as ACSL4 and ERLIN2.
p32 heterozygosity protects against age- and diet-induced obesity by increasing energy expenditure
Authors: Liu Yong , Leslie Patrick L. , Jin Aiwen , Itahana Koji , Graves Lee M. , Zhang Yanping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObesity is increasing in prevalence and has become a global public health problem. The main cause of obesity is a perturbation in energy homeostasis, whereby energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Although mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to the deregulation of energy homeostasis, the precise mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we identify mitochondrial p32 (also known as C1QBP) as an important regulator of lipid homeostasis that regulates both aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism. We show that while whole-body deletion of the p32 results in an embryonic lethal phenotype, mice heterozygous for p32 are resistant to age- and high-fat diet-induced ailments, including obesity, hyperglycemia, and hepatosteatosis. Notably, p32+/− mice are apparently healthy, demonstrate an increased lean-to-fat ratio, and show dramatically improved insulin sensitivity despite prolonged high-fat diet feeding. The p32+/− mice show increased oxygen consumption and heat production, indicating that they expend more energy. Our analysis revealed that haploinsufficiency for p32 impairs glucose oxidation, which results in a compensatory increase in fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis. These metabolic alterations increase both aerobic and anaerobic energy expenditure. Collectively, our data show that p32 plays a critical role in energy homeostasis and represents a potential novel target for the development of anti-obesity drugs.
Effect of head group and lipid tail oxidation in the cell membrane revealed through integrated simulations and experiments
Authors: Yusupov M. , Wende K. , Kupsch S. , Neyts E. C. , Reuter S. , Bogaerts A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe report on multi-level atomistic simulations for the interaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with the head groups of the phospholipid bilayer, and the subsequent effect of head group and lipid tail oxidation on the structural and dynamic properties of the cell membrane. Our simulations are validated by experiments using a cold atmospheric plasma as external ROS source. We found that plasma treatment leads to a slight initial rise in membrane rigidity, followed by a strong and persistent increase in fluidity, indicating a drop in lipid order. The latter is also revealed by our simulations. This study is important for cancer treatment by therapies producing (extracellular) ROS, such as plasma treatment. These ROS will interact with the cell membrane, first oxidizing the head groups, followed by the lipid tails. A drop in lipid order might allow them to penetrate into the cell interior (e.g., through pores created due to oxidation of the lipid tails) and cause intracellular oxidative damage, eventually leading to cell death. This work in general elucidates the underlying mechanisms of ROS interaction with the cell membrane at the atomic level.
A few enlarged chloroplasts are less efficient in photosynthesis than a large population of small chloroplasts in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Xiong Dongliang , Huang Jianliang , Peng Shaobing , Li Yong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe photosynthetic, biochemical, and anatomical traits of accumulation and replication of chloroplasts (arc) mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana were investigated to study the effects of chloroplast size and number on photosynthesis. Chloroplasts were found to be significantly larger, and the chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular air spaces (Sc) significantly lower in the mutants than in their wild-types. The decreased Sc and increase cytoplasm thickness in the mutants resulted in a lower mesophyll conductance (gm) and a consequently lower chloroplast CO2 concentration (Cc). There were no significant differences between the mutants and their wild-types in maximal carboxylation rate (Vcmax), maximal electron transport (Jcmax), and leaf soluble proteins. Leaf nitrogen (N) and Rubisco content were similar in both Wassilewskija (Ws) wild-type (Ws-WT) and the Ws mutant (arc 8), whereas they were slightly higher in Columbia (Col) wild-type (Col-WT) than the Col mutant (arc 12). The photosynthetic rate (A) and photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) were significantly lower in the mutants than their wild-types. The mutants showed similar A/Cc responses as their wild-type counterparts, but A at given Cc was higher in Col and its mutant than in Ws and its mutant. From these results, we conclude that decreases in gm and Cc are crucial to the reduction in A in arc mutants.
Morphological Effect on Wall Shear Stress in Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Qiu Tian-Lun , Jin Guo-Liang , Lu Hai-Tao , Bao Wu-Qiao 
Published: July 2017

Background and Study Aims Both high and low wall shear stress (WSS) play important roles in the development and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs). This study aimed to determine the morphological factors that affect WSS in the IA and the parent artery.
Material and Methods We studied a total of 66 IAs with three-dimensional imaging. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models were constructed and used to characterize the hemodynamics quantitatively. Aneurysms were grouped according to the mean neck width. The associations among hemodynamics and morphology were analyzed.
Results Aspect ratio was correlated to lowest WSS (r = − 0.576), aneurysm-to-parent vessel (A-P) WSS ratio (r = − 0.500), and lowest-parent vessel (L-P) WSS ratio (r = − 0.575). Height-to-width ratio and height were correlated to WSS. Mean aneurysm WSS (p = 0.023), lowest WSS (p < 0.0001), highest-to-lowest WSS ratio (p = 0.004), L-P WSS ratio (p < 0.0001), highest-parent vessel (H-P) WSS ratio (p = 0.008), A-P WSS ratio (p < 0.001), and height (p < 0.001) were different between the two groups of aneurysms that were divided by the relationship between the diameters of the aneurysms and the necks. Multivariable analysis showed that the lowest WSS (p = 0.028) and A-P WSS ratio (p = 0.001) were independently associated with neck width.
Conclusion Morphological characteristics are associated with IA and parent vessel WSS. Aneurysms with different neck widths have different hemodynamics. These results could help in understanding the progression of IA and in building predictive models for IA rupture.
Downregulated Elastin Microfibril Interfacer 1 Expression in the Pulmonary Vasculature of Experimental Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Zimmer Julia , Takahashi Toshiaki , Hofmann Alejandro , Puri Prem 
Published: July 2017

Aim Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe complication of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signaling is suggested to be involved in PH development by regulating embryonic angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and cell differentiation. Altered TGFβ signaling has been demonstrated in experimental CDH lungs. Elastin microfibril interfacer 1 (Emilin-1) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein expressed in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells and known to regulate TGFβ processing and arterial diameter. We designed this study to investigate the pulmonary vascular expression of Emilin-1 in nitrofen-induced CDH rats.
Materials and Methods Following ethical approval (REC913b, REC1103), time-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats received nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day 9 (D9). Fetuses were sacrificed on D21 and divided into CDH group and control group. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (n = 11 each group), Western blot analysis, and confocal microscopy were used to determine the gene and protein expression of Emilin-1.
Main Results Relative Emilin-1 messenger RNA (ribonucleic acid) levels were significantly downregulated in CDH lung tissue compared with controls (CDH: 0.043 ± 0.003; control: 0.067 ± 0.004; p < 0.001). Western blotting confirmed the decreased pulmonary Emilin-1 protein expression in CDH lungs. Confocal microscopy demonstrated a markedly diminished expression of Emilin-1 in the CDH pulmonary vasculature compared with controls.
Conclusion To our knowledge, this study demonstrates for the first time a decreased Emilin-1 gene and protein expression in the pulmonary vasculature of nitrofen-induced CDH. Emilin-1 deficiency through its interaction with TGFß may result in abnormal vascular remodeling resulting in PH in this model.
How Do Axial Scan Orientation Deviations Affect the Measurements of Knee Anatomical Parameters Associated with Patellofemoral Instability? A Simulated Computed Tomography Study
Authors: Xiong Ran , Chen Cheng , Yin Li , Gong Xiaoyuan , Luo Jiangming , Wang Fuyou , Guo Lin , Yang Liu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to detect the correlation between axial scan orientation discrepancy and the knee anatomical parameters associated with patellofemoral instability during computed tomography (CT) scanning. CT scan data of 16 knees from 16 healthy subjects were retrieved. The reslicing processes were performed to simulate different axial scan orientations generated due to leg adduction/abduction during CT scanning. Eight parameters (tibial tubercle to trochlear groove [TT-TG], tibial tubercle to posterior cruciate ligament [TT-PCL], patellar tilt, lateral trochlear inclination, sulcus angle, trochlear depth, trochlear facet asymmetry, and trochlear condyle asymmetry) of five angles (neutral zero, 4/8 degrees of adduction and 4/8 degrees abduction) were quantified. All eight parameters showed varying degrees of deviations to the different axial scan orientations. TT-TG, patellar tilt, lateral trochlear inclination, and trochlear condyle asymmetry were relatively sensitive to axial scan orientation changes, whereas TT-PCL, sulcus angle, trochlear depth, and trochlear facet asymmetry were relatively insensitive. Although the sensitivities are various, surgeons should be aware of this situation and make necessary corrections.
Rosazea mit eosinophilen Follikulitiden als „presenting sign“ bei einer HIV-infizierten Patientin
Authors: Noll M. , Wurster M. , von den Driesch P. 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungWir stellen eine 58-jährige Patientin mit disseminierten papulo-pustulösen Hautveränderungen im Gesichts-Halsbereich vor. In der Biopsie zeigte sich eine klassische sog. eosinophile Follikulitis, welche im Verlauf schnell auf die systemische Behandlung mit Antibiotika und lokalem Metronidazol ansprach. Serologisch stellten wir erstmals das Vorliegen einer HIV-Erkrankung fest. Rosazea-artige eosinophile Follikulitiden im Gesichtsbereich können also auch „presenting sign“ einer HIV-Infektion sein.
Die Bedeutung des Migrationshintergrunds für die Gesundheit. Ergebnisse der österreichischen Gesundheitsbefragung (ATHIS 2014)
Authors: Waxenegger Anja , Mayerl Hannes , Rásky Éva , Stolz Erwin , Freidl Wolfgang 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die bisherige Forschung zeigt, dass MigrantInnen in vielen Bereichen über eine schlechtere Gesundheit verfügen als Menschen ohne Migrationshintergrund. Ob sich das schlechtere gesundheitliche Abschneiden von MigrantInnen vorwiegend auf deren sozioökonomischen Status (SES) – der im Durchschnitt niedriger ausfällt als jener der nicht-migrantischen Bevölkerung – zurückführen lässt, ist bisher noch unzureichend geklärt. Die vorliegende Arbeit geht der Frage nach, welche Bedeutung das Vorhandensein eines Migrationshintergrunds für verschiedene gesundheitliche Aspekte besitzt, wenn SES und gesundheitsbezogenes Verhalten berücksichtigt werden.
Methode Mit den Daten der aktuellen österreichischen Gesundheitsbefragung (ATHIS 2014) wurden altersadjustierte und nach Geschlecht stratifizierte lineare Regressionsanalysen der Variablen physische Lebensqualität, psychische Lebensqualität, subjektive Gesundheit, Body-Mass-Index (BMI), Kopf-/muskuloskelettale Schmerzen sowie Herz-Kreislauf (HKL)-Erkrankung/Diabetes durchgeführt (n=15748).
Ergebnisse Die in der altersadjustierten Analyse festgestellten Unterschiede zwischen Männern und Frauen mit Migrationshintergrund und Männern und Frauen ohne Migrationshintergrund werden nach Berücksichtigung des SES und des gesundheitsbezogenen Verhaltens überwiegend kleiner. Die größte Erklärungskraft besitzt ein Migrationshintergrund für MigrantInnen aus Herkunftsländern mit einem im Vergleich zu Österreich niedrigeren ungleichheitsadjustierten Human Development Index (IHDI).
Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass gesundheitliche Differenzen zwischen Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund und Menschen ohne Migrationshintergrund zwar nicht vollständig, jedoch zu einem großen Teil durch den SES und das gesundheitsbezogene Verhalten erklärbar sind. Allerdings scheinen für die Gesundheit von MigrantInnen aus Herkunftsländern mit einem im Vergleich zu Österreich niedrigeren Lebensstandard und einer vergleichsweise schwächer ausgeprägten Verteilungsgerechtigkeit weitere Faktoren eine Rolle zu spielen. Gesundheitliche Unterschiede zu Personen ohne Migrationshintergrund lassen sich bei dieser MigrantInnengruppe in vielen Bereichen nicht allein auf Unterschiede im SES und im gesundheitsbezogenen Verhalten zurückführen.
Frequency-specific directed interactions in the human brain network for language
Authors: Schoffelen Jan-Mathijs , Hultén Annika , Lam Nietzsche , Marquand André F. , Uddén Julia , Hagoort Peter 
Published: July 2017

Significance
The brain’s remarkable capacity for language requires bidirectional interactions between functionally specialized brain regions. Although the functional role of individual regions in the brain network for language has been well studied, as of yet little is known about the mechanisms that facilitate the information exchange between these brain regions. In this paper we show that communication between language-relevant areas in the brain is supported by rhythmic neuronal synchronization and that different rhythms reflect the direction of information flow. These findings likely reflect a generic mechanism that allows for dynamic routing of information in a network of task-relevant brain regions during cognitive processing.
Multimodal-first or pantomime-first?
Authors: Zlatev Jordan , Wacewicz Sławomir , Zywiczynski Przemyslaw , van de Weijer Joost 
Published: July 2017

A persistent controversy in language evolution research has been whether language emerged in the gestural-visual or in the vocal-auditory modality. A “dialectic” solution to this age-old debate has now been gaining ground: language was fully multimodal from the start and remains so to this day. In this paper, we show this solution to be too simplistic and outline a more specific theoretical proposal, which we designate as pantomime-first. To decide between the multimodal-first andpantomime-firstalternatives, we review several lines of interdisciplinary evidence and complement it with a cognitive-semiotic experiment. In the study, the participants saw – and then matched to hand-drawn images – recordings of short transitive events enacted by 4 actors in two conditions: visual (only body movement) and multimodal (body movement accompanied by nonlinguistic vocalization). Significantly, the matching accuracy was greater in the visual than the multimodal condition, though a follow-up experiment revealed that the emotional profiles of the events enacted in the multimodal condition could be reliably detected from the sound alone. We see these results as supporting the proposed pantomime-first scenario.
Pure-Tone Masking Patterns for Monopolar and Phantom Electrical Stimulation in Cochlear Implants
Authors: Saoji Aniket A. , Koka Kanthaiah , Litvak Leonid M. , Finley Charles C. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives:
Monopolar stimulation of the most apical electrode produces the lowest pitch sensation in cochlear implants clinically. A phantom electrode that uses out-of-phase electrical stimulation between the most apical and the neighboring basal electrode can produce a lower pitch sensation than that associated with the most apical electrode. However, because of the absence of contacts beyond the apical tip of the array, the ability to assess the spread of electrical excitation associated with phantom stimulation is limited in the typical cochlear implant subject with no residual hearing. In the present study, the spread of electrical excitation associated with monopolar and phantom stimulation of the most apical electrode was assessed using electrical masking of acoustic thresholds in cochlear implant subjects with residual, low-frequency, acoustic hearing.

Design:
Eight subjects with an Advanced Bionics cochlear implant and residual hearing in the implanted ear participated in this study (nine ears in total). Unmasked and masked thresholds for acoustic pure tones were measured at 125, 250, 500, 750, 1000, and 2000 Hz in the presence of monopolar and phantom electrode stimulation presented at the apical-most end of the array. The current compensation for phantom electrode stimulation was fixed at 50%. The two electrical maskers were loudness balanced. Differences between the unmasked and masked acoustic thresholds can be attributed to (1) the electrical stimulus–induced interference in the transduction/conduction of the acoustic signal through cochlear periphery and the auditory nerve and/or (2) masking at the level of the central auditory system.

Results:
The results show a significant elevation in pure-tone thresholds in the presence of the monopolar and phantom electrical maskers. The unmasked thresholds were subtracted from the masked thresholds to derive masking patterns as a function of the acoustic probe frequency. The masking patterns show that phantom stimulation was able to produce more masking than that associated with the monopolar stimulation of the most apical electrode.

Conclusion:
These results suggest that for some cochlear implant subjects, phantom electrode stimulation can shift the neural stimulation pattern more apically in the cochlea, which is consistent with reports that phantom electrode stimulation produces lower pitch sensations than those associated with monopolar stimulation of the most apical electrode alone.
Impact of Hearing Aid Technology on Outcomes in Daily Life III: Localization
Authors: Johnson Jani A. , Xu Jingjing , Cox Robyn M. 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
Compared to basic-feature hearing aids, premium-feature hearing aids have more advanced technologies and sophisticated features. The objective of this study was to explore the difference between premium-feature and basic-feature hearing aids in horizontal sound localization in both laboratory and daily life environments. We hypothesized that premium-feature hearing aids would yield better localization performance than basic-feature hearing aids.

Design:
Exemplars of premium-feature and basic-feature hearing aids from two major manufacturers were evaluated. Forty-five older adults (mean age 70.3 years) with essentially symmetrical mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss were bilaterally fitted with each of the four pairs of hearing aids. Each pair of hearing aids was worn during a 4-week field trial and then evaluated using laboratory localization tests and a standardized questionnaire. Laboratory localization tests were conducted in a sound-treated room with a 360°, 24-loudspeaker array. Test stimuli were high frequency and low frequency filtered short sentences. The localization test in quiet was designed to assess the accuracy of front/back localization, while the localization test in noise was designed to assess the accuracy of locating sound sources throughout a 360° azimuth in the horizontal plane.

Results:
Laboratory data showed that unaided localization was not significantly different from aided localization when all hearing aids were combined. Questionnaire data showed that aided localization was significantly better than unaided localization in everyday situations. Regarding the difference between premium-feature and basic-feature hearing aids, laboratory data showed that, overall, the premium-feature hearing aids yielded more accurate localization than the basic-feature hearing aids when high-frequency stimuli were used, and the listening environment was quiet. Otherwise, the premium-feature and basic-feature hearing aids yielded essentially the same performance in other laboratory tests and in daily life. The findings were consistent for both manufacturers.

Conclusions:
Laboratory tests for two of six major manufacturers showed that premium-feature hearing aids yielded better localization performance than basic-feature hearing aids in one out of four laboratory conditions. There was no difference between the two feature levels in self-reported everyday localization. Effectiveness research with different hearing aid technologies is necessary, and more research with other manufacturers’ products is needed. Furthermore, these results confirm previous observations that research findings in laboratory conditions might not translate to everyday life.