bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elitismo, romanticismo y positivismo en la medicina peruana del siglo XIX
Authors: Graña Aramburú Alejandro 
Published: April 2017

Se revisa el tema de la elites y su rol en las sociedades así comode los individuos que forman parte de ellas, considerando también las influencias de los movimientos del romanticismo y del positivismo, en especial el caso de la inmolación del héroe nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión García en el siglo XIX y su significado en la medicina peruana.
An Ecological Panorama on How Parental Involvement Affects Academic Achievement of Secondary School Pupils in Masvingo
Authors: Iline Chingombe Shamiso 
Published: April 2017

<div><p><em>This study explored the influence of an ecological perspective on the parental involvement on secondary school pupil’s academic</em><strong> </strong><em>performance. It was influenced by Urie Bronfenbrenner’s ecological systems theory. A qualitative research was adopted through an interpretivist paradigm. The research participants comprised of two teachers and five parents. The research instrument used was the one to one interviews with the both the teachers and the parents. A thematic data analysis was used to analyse data solicited from the research participants. Findings from the teachers revealed that some parents were partially involved in the learning of their pupils and some pupils were found not to be doing their homework. Ultimately, this derailed the whole learning process. In addition diverse sentiments were outlined by the parents including the claim that it was the teachers’ obligation to ensure that children were consistently assisted by the teachers. Their argument was based on the understanding that parents are paying full fees, therefore they expect the best out of their money. Some parents indicated that, as much as they would want to assist their children, they are to some extent incapacitated The researcher recommended that if the parents are unable to assist their children, they should find other means to do so . The same applies with teachers who are encouraged to reconsider ways of assisting children who cannot get parental assistance.</em><strong></strong></p></div>
Performances of the Least Developed Countries under Neo-liberal Regimes: Implications for the implementation of Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development
Authors: Tewolde Melake 
Published: April 2017

<p><em>The Least Developed Countries (LDCs) have implemented neoliberal policies such as trade liberalization, privatization of public enterprises, and currency devaluation with the expectation to promote their economic growth and development by capturing the gains from international trade through a more efficient allocation of resources and increased private investment. Twenty one countries (constituting 44%) have been designated LDCs since 1971, the introduction of the category for the first time by the United Nations (UN). Development experiences of the LDCs indicate that neoliberal policies are not adequately addressing their development challenges. The LDCs are still locked into a low equilibrium trap characterized by fragile economic growths, distorted structural transformation, low domestic resource, high dependence on external financing , high dependence on primary commodity exports, high external debt burden and debt services and low human development. The LDCs must thus shift to a developmental state approach to strategically integrate into the world economy and to build their productive capacities and to enhance their structural transformation which could lead the countries along the path of sustained economic growth to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030.</em><em> </em></p><p><em>The implications for the implementation of Agenda 2030 for sustainable development are that: </em></p><p><em>(i) The LDCs have to extensively tap their domestic savings potentials and investments to reach 25% or more of their Gross Domestic Product(GDP) to sustain 7% -8% growth rates per annum that will have a great impact on poverty reduction in line with the sustainable development goal 1 (SDG1) . (ii) The LDCs have to select a few SDGs which are of high national priorities and synchronize them with their respective national development plans and determine the financing needs for the implementation of the selected SDGs. (iii) cancellation of external debt of the LDCs by the creditors in order to release resources needed for their investments to achieve the SDGs (iv) replacement of foreign aid by market access for the LDCs products to increase their foreign exchange earnings needed for building their productive capacities. (v) Maintaining peace and stability and resolving conflicts to release resources needed for their productive investment.<br /></em></p>
Tax Regulation and Sustainability of Microfinance Institutions in Masvingo Urban, Zimbabwe
Authors: Duve Munyaradzi , Mandizvidza Rejoice , Chibaya Tendai , Nyakuwanika Moses 
Published: April 2017

<div><p><em>The study seeks to evaluate the effect of the current tax regulatory regime on the sustainability of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Masvingo urban. Many governments raise public finance through the taxation of individuals and the business community. Undertaking of this study was mainly motivated by the increase in the number of microfinance institutions after the introduction of the multicurrency system in 2009, but the government is failing to meet its revenue targets. The study was done on 24 loan officers and 8 managers of MFIs. Data was collected using a Likert scale questionnaire. Quantitative data was presented using SPSS. This study found that a tax regulation can enhance the sustainability of MFIs if properly simplified to promote investment in microfinance business through provision of tax exemptions, tax incentives, free registration, simplified record keeping procedures, and reduced tax rates. The study recommends that MFIs should not be heavily taxed if they are to meet a major objective of poverty alleviation. </em></p></div>
Effect of total replacement of fishmeal by earthworm and Azolla filiculoides meals in the diets of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758) reared in concrete tanks
Authors: Djissou Arnauld S. M. , Ochiai Akito , Koshio Shunsuke , Fiogbe Emile D. 
Published: April 2017

In order to eliminate use of fishmeal in aquafeeds, we evaluated the effect of total replacement of fish meal by a mixture of earthworm (Eisenia foetida) and aquatic fern Azolla filiculoides in the diets of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758). The experiment was conducted in O. niloticus fingerlings (initial mean weight = 5.6±0.2 g) for a period of 60 days. Five experimental diets isoproteic (30.4±0.6% protein) comprising control diet A0 and four test diets (A1 to A4) without fish meal were formulated. To satisfy essential amino acids requirements in test diets, the ratios 2:1; 1:1; 1:2; 1:5 between A. filiculoides and earthworm meals were used respectively in total replacement of fish meal. The diets were tested in triplicate. On termination of the experiment, the final mean weights in the test diets (10.79 to 11.94 g) were lower than 14.9 g obtained in group fed control diet (p<0.05). The best growth performance and feed utilisation were obtained in fish fed test diets A1 and A4 (SGR = 1.25 and 1.26% day-1; FCR = 2.37 and 2.31 respectively). Excess of lysine in test diets was found to affect the feed utilisation.
Anaesthetic management of a child with PEHO syndrome
Authors: Marshall Benjamin , Turner Matthew , Lobo Shirley 
Published: April 2017

SummaryProgressive encephalopathy with oedema, hypsarrhythmia and optic atrophy (PEHO) syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disorder of probable autosomal recessive inheritance. Specific challenges faced by the anaesthetist include difficult venous access, aspiration risk, and muscular hypotonia contraindicating the use of suxamethonium.A 3‐yr‐old boy with PEHO syndrome underwent tonsillectomy for the management of obstructive sleep apnoea. Our anaesthetic technique consisted of a gaseous induction followed by total intravenous anaesthesia, following which the patient was awoken and admitted electively to the intensive care unit for monitoring. We approached the case adopting techniques used when anaesthetising patients with more common neuromuscular diseases. Although we considered the option of using rocuronium followed by reversal with sugammadex, total avoidance of neuromuscular blocking drugs was felt to be the safest choice. The availability of intensive care in the postoperative period played an important role in our overall management.
Cardiogenic shock secondary to taxus baccata poisoning
Authors: Pope Charlie 
Published: April 2017

SummaryA 55‐yr‐old man presented to the emergency department complaining of dizziness and collapse. His past medical history included post‐traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and irritable bowel syndrome. He was pale, clammy and confused. He was hypotensive and bradycardic with broad and dysmorphic QRS complexes on his ECG. Initial investigations revealed a potassium level of 6.3 mmol.l‐1on a venous blood gas sample. This was treated with intravenous calcium gluconate, fluids and an insulin‐dextrose infusion. He improved over a short period of time, made a full recovery and was discharged home from the coronary care unit the next day. He was subsequently found to have suffered with taxus baccata posioning from consumption of the leaves of the English yew tree.
Perioperative management of separation of pygopagus conjoined twins
Authors: Valecha Umesh Kumar , Singh Shri Prakash , Batra Meenu , Rahul Kanta M , Malhotra Ashima , Kumar Praneet 
Published: April 2017

SummaryPerioperative management of conjoined twins is extremely difficult. The unique anatomical and physiological considerations pose a challenge to the entire operating team including the anaesthetist. The complexity of surgical technique, length of operation, risk of hypothermia, changes in fluid, electrolyte and acid‐base balance require meticulous planning, appropriate resources and a dedicated team effort. We report successful separation of pygopagus conjoined twins at our institution and discuss the perioperative management.
Virulence Factors Associated with Enterococcus Faecalis Infective Endocarditis: A Mini Review
Authors: Madsen Kristian T. , Skov Marianne N. , Gill Sabine , Kemp Michael 
Published: April 2017

Introduction:The enterococci are accountable for up to 20% of all cases of infective endocarditis, withEnterococcus faecalisbeing the primary causative isolate. Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening infection of the endocardium that results in the formation of vegetations. Based on a literature review, this paper provides an overview of the virulence factors associated withE. faecalisinfective endocarditis. Furthermore, it reports the effects of active or passive immunization against some of these involved factors.Individual virulence factors:Nine virulence factors have in particular been associated withE. faecalisinfective endocarditis. Absence of these factors entailed attenuation of strains in both mixed- and mono-bacterial infection endocarditis models as well as inin vitroandex vivoassays when compared to their virulence factor expressing parental strains.Pathogenesis:The virulence factors promote a broad spectrum of events that together allow for disease development and progression. The infection is initiated through bacterial binding to ligands present at the site of infection after which the colonization can be accelerated through inter-bacterial attachment and modulation of the host immune response. The formation and growth of the vegetation provide protection and promote growth. Controlled degeneration of the vegetation appears to increase the likelihood of embolization and dissemination, without exposing protected bacteria.Prophylactic immunization:In most cases, active and passive immunization against associated virulence factors provided partial protection.Future prospects:There is a need for further evaluation of the known virulence factors. Immunization against two or more virulence factors might be an effective prophylactic tool.
Ozone Sensitivity and Catalase Activity in Pigmented and Non-Pigmented Strains of Serratia Marcescens
Authors: de Ondarza José 
Published: April 2017

Background:Ozone exposure rapidly leads to bacterial death, making ozone an effective disinfectant in food industry and health care arena. However, microbial defenses may moderate this effect and play a role in the effective use of oxidizing agents for disinfection.Serratia marcescensis an opportunistic pathogen, expressing genes differentially during infection of a human host. A better understanding of regulatory systems that control expression ofSerratia’s virulence genes and defenses is therefore valuable.Objective:Here, we investigated the role of pigmentation and catalase inSerratia marcescenson survival to ozone exposure.Method:Pigmented and non-pigmented strains ofSerratia marcescenswere cultured to exponential or stationary phase and exposed to 5 ppm of gaseous ozone for 2.5 – 10 minutes. Survival was calculated via plate counts. Catalase activity was measured photometrically and tolerance to hydrogen peroxide was assayed by disk-diffusion.Results:Exposure ofS. marcescensto 5 ppm gaseous ozone kills > 90% of cells within 10 minutes in a time and concentration-dependent manner. Although pigmentedSerratia(grown at 28°C) survived ozonation better than unpigmentedSerratia(grown at 35°C), non-pigmented mutant strains ofSerratiahad similar ozone survival rates, catalase activity and H2O2tolerance as wild type strains. Rather, ozone survival and catalase activity were elevated in 6 hour cultures compared to 48 hour cultures.Conclusion:Our studies did not bear out a role for prodigiosin in ozone survival. Rather, induction of oxidative stress responses during exponential growth increased both catalase activity and ozone survival in both pigmented and unpigmentedS. marcescens.
Hip Abductor Strengthening Improves Physical Function Following Total Knee Replacement: One-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Pilot Study
Authors: Harikesavan Karvannan , Chakravarty Raj D. , Maiya Arun G , Hegde Sanjay P. , Y. Shivanna Shivakumar 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Total knee replacement (TKR) is the commonest surgical procedure for patients with severe pain and impaired physical function following end stage knee osteoarthritis. The hip abductors are well renowned in stabilization of the trunk and hip during walking, maintaining the lower limb position, and transferring the forces from the lower limbs to the pelvis.

Objective:
To assess the efficacy of hip abductor strengthening exercise on functional outcome using performance based outcome measures following total knee replacement.

Methods:
An observer blinded randomized pilot trial design was conducted at Manipal hospital, Bangalore, India. Participants designated for elective TKR were randomized to experimental group hip abductor strengthening along with standard rehabilitation (n=10) or control group standard rehabilitation alone (n=10). Participants followed for one year to assess physical function using performance based outcomes, such as timed up and go test, single leg stance test, six minute walk test, knee extensor strength and hip abductor strength.

Result:
Eighteen participants with a mean age of 63.1 ± 5.5 years (8 Males and 10 Females) completed the study. Improvement in hip abduction strength, single leg stand test was superior in hip abductor strengthening group at 3 months and 1 year when compared to standard rehabilitation alone.

Conclusion:
Hip abductor strengthening showed superior improvements in single leg stance test and six minute walk test. Hip abductor strengthening exercises has the potential to improve physical function following total knee replacement.
Internet Addiction Through the Phase of Adolescence: A Questionnaire Study
Authors: Karacic Silvana , Oreskovic Stjepan 
Published: April 2017

Background
Adolescents increasingly use the Internet for communication, education, entertainment, and other purposes in varying degrees. Given their vulnerable age, they may be prone to Internet addiction.

Objective
Our aim was to identify possible differences in the purpose of Internet use among adolescents with respect to age subgroup, country of residence, and gender and the distribution of Internet addiction across age subgroups. Another aim was to determine if there is a correlation between the purpose of Internet use and age and if this interaction influences the level of addiction to the Internet.

Methods
The study included a simple random sample of 1078 adolescents—534 boys and 525 girls—aged 11-18 years attending elementary and grammar schools in Croatia, Finland, and Poland. Adolescents were asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire and provide data on age, gender, country of residence, and purpose of Internet use (ie, school/work or entertainment). Collected data were analyzed with the chi-square test for correlations.

Results
Adolescents mostly used the Internet for entertainment (905/1078, 84.00%). More female than male adolescents used it for school/work (105/525, 20.0% vs 64/534, 12.0%, respectively). Internet for the purpose of school/work was mostly used by Polish adolescents (71/296, 24.0%), followed by Croatian (78/486, 16.0%) and Finnish (24/296, 8.0%) adolescents. The level of Internet addiction was the highest among the 15-16-year-old age subgroup and was lowest in the 11-12-year-old age subgroup. There was a weak but positive correlation between Internet addiction and age subgroup (P=.004). Male adolescents mostly contributed to the correlation between the age subgroup and level of addiction to the Internet (P=.001).

Conclusions
Adolescents aged 15-16 years, especially male adolescents, are the most prone to the development of Internet addiction, whereas adolescents aged 11-12 years show the lowest level of Internet addiction.
Persepsi ibu tentang makanan obesogenis sebagai faktor risiko obesitas pada anak sekolah dasar
Authors: Sulistyaningrum Elisa , Hadi Hamam , Julia Madarina 
Published: April 2017

Background: Prevalence of children with over nutrition is a global problem that continues to increase every year. Obesity in children have an obese risk in adulthood. The high prevalence of obesity in children due to poor nutrition. Parents, especially mothers have a great role in determining the chilrdren nutritional intake so mothers understanding to the type of food that causes obesity is very important.Objective: To determine the mother's perception of obesogenic food and its relation to the risk of obesity in elementary school children of Yogyakarta and Bantul.Method: This study was a case-control study. Mothers who have an obese child (≥ 95 th percentile) as a case and mothers of children with nonobese (<95th percentile) as a control. Primary research locations in the city of Yogyakarta and Bantul district. The samples was selected by using the random sampling method. The minimum sample of cases and controls was 63 people 63 people (1: 1). Data analysis were using Chi-Square statistical tests and conditional logistic regression.Results: Subjects of the study consisted of 244 cases and 244 controls. Chi-Square test showed that mother's perception of the obesogenis food can not be used as a predictor for the occurrence of obesity in children (p>0.05). Children of mothers who have a wrong perception about sweet drinks have a obesity risk 1.85 times greater than children of mothers who have a right perception to sweet drinks. So did for the children of mothers who have a wrong perception of fast food have an obesity risk 1.76 times greater than children who had mothers with the correct perception of the traditional fast food. Then the children of mothers who had a wrong perception of full cream milk and other dairy products have a risk of obesity 3.3 times smaller than the mother who has the correct perception to the full cream milk and other dairy products. Mother's perception about obesogenic foods as risk factor of obesity in children is not influenced by the level of education, household expenditure and maternal work status (p>0.05).Conclusion: Perception mother of obesogenic foods can not be used as a predictor for the occurrence of obesity in children (p>0.05). The level of maternal education, maternal work status and household expenses rather than as a factor does not affect the mother's perception of the food obesogenis.
Competitividade da Indústria de Couro e Calçados de Sri Lanka
Authors: Kusum P.P. Ajith , Yinghua Song 
Published: April 2017

This research paper explores the relationship among skills of entrepreneurs of leather products and footwear industry in Sri Lanka and entrepreneurs’ involvement of innovations in product, process, raw material and market in the industry. Further, the survey investigates firms’ competitiveness and innovativeness in the industry. Database of firms in the industry available in Sri Lanka Industrial Development Board was used to administer an expert reviewed and piloted questionnaire among the population of firms. Personal interviews and a mail survey were undertaken which jointly brought above-average response rate of completed questionnaires used for analysis. The research has found that there is a strong link between skills of entrepreneurs and their involvement in innovations. Research has found that entrepreneur focus on product innovations rather than process, raw material and market innovations due to their low level of general education and the main mode of acquiring skills remains on-the-job-training. Usage of technology has been found to be lower level which has a negative effect on innovations. However, the entrepreneurs have a positive attitude towards innovations the relevant agencies can capitalize-on for expansion of the industry and increase competitiveness. The research unearths an intelligent view that in an efficiency-driven economy, what matters is productivity where skilling of entrepreneurs will yield enormous results for harnessing the potential of this ever growing industry.
ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЙ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ КРИЗИС: ВЗГЛЯД НА ПРОБЛЕМУ ЧЕРЕЗ ПРИЗМУ БИОРАЗНООБРАЗИЯ
Authors: Бродский А.К. , Сафронова Д.В. 
Published: April 2017

Проблема антропогенной трансформации биосферы рассмотрена с точки зрения разрушения биоразнообразия. Поскольку в основе устойчивости биосферы лежит биотическая регуляция круговорота веществ, именно биологическое разнообразие обеспечивает компонентное и территориальное равновесие слагающих биосферу экосистем. Авторы прослеживают трансформацию биосферы человеком в ходе истории – от палеолита до наших дней, анализируют пути воздействия человека на природу. В процессе «преобразования природы» результатом деятельности человека стало размыкание естественных биогеохимических циклов, загрязнение и глубокая деградация окружающей среды, утрата местообитаний. При обсуждении выбора приоритетов для решения проблем выхода из глобального экологического кризиса сделан вывод, что нарастающие социальные и природные аномалии представляют собой следствие нашего неверного поведения, в основе которого, помимо социальных, экономических и иных причин, лежит недооценка того значения, которое биоразнообразие играет в нашей жизни.