bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topographically Guided Two-Step LASIK and Standard LASIK in the Correction of Refractive Errors after Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Spadea Leopoldo , Saviano Massimo , Di Gregorio Angela , Di Lodovico Domenico , De Sanctis Fabio 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate in a long-term period the effectiveness and safety of topographically guided two-step laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and standard LASIK technique in the correction of refractive errors after successful penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for keratoconus. Methods At least 2 years after PKP and 6 months after removal of all sutures, 15 eyes of 15 patients (Group 1; mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) −7.23 D ± 3.42 SD) were submitted to standard LASIK and 15 eyes of 15 patients (Group 2; mean MRSE −4.37 D ± 1.97 SD) to a topographically guided two-step LASIK procedure (first the flap and at least 2 weeks later the laser ablation). In all cases, a superior hinged corneal flap (160 μm/9.5 mm) was created. Results After a follow-up of 36 months, in Group 1 the mean uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.51 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) ± 0.41 SD and the mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.03 logMAR ± 0.05 SD, with a mean MRSE of −1.57 D ± 2.65 SD. In Group 2, the mean UCVA was 0.28 logMAR ± 0.24 SD and the mean BCVA was 0.01 logMAR ± 0.03 SD, with a mean MRSE of −0.07 D ± 1.00 SD. In both groups, no complications were observed. Conclusions After a long follow-up period, both topographically guided two-step LASIK and standard LASIK could be considered effective and safe tools in the correction of refractive errors after successful PKP for keratoconus.
A 12-week Study Evaluating the Efficacy of Bimatoprost 0.03% in Patients with Pseudoexfoliative and Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Ciancaglini Marco , Carpineto Paolo , Agnifili Luca , Nubile Mario , Toto Lisa , Mastropasqua Leonardo 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the control of diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) and the safety profile of bimatoprost in pseudoexfoliative glaucoma (PXG) compared to primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods A prospective, observer-masked, nonrandomized study was performed. Seventy consecutive patients with either POAG (35 eyes) or PXG (35 eyes) drug-naive for glaucoma were assigned to receive bimatoprost 0.03% once daily for 12 weeks. Diurnal IOP was measured at baseline and after 12 weeks at three time points (8 AM, noon, and 4 PM). Main outcomes were diurnal IOP control and achievement of target IOP (CIGTS criteria). Mean diurnal IOP, hour-by-hour IOP measurements, and safety, including serious adverse events, were also evaluated. Results A significant IOP reduction from baseline was found in both groups (p<0.001). Mean and hour-by-hour IOP differences between groups were not statistically significant (NS). The observed IOP values and percentages of IOP reduction were 17.0 mmHg (31.5%) and 16.4 mmHg (31.9%) in PXG and POAG eyes, respectively; the differences were not statistically significant. Six eyes (1 POAG and 5 PXG, respectively) responded with a <20% IOP reduction (NS). Twenty-seven POAG (77.1%) and 23 PXG (65.7%) eyes achieved target IOP. Consequently, 20 eyes (8 POAG and 12 PXG, respectively) were classified as unable to achieve the IOP target values (NS). Conclusions Bimatoprost was effective and safe in lowering IOP both in open angle and pseudoexfoliative glaucoma, achieving target pressure in most patients. However, long-term efficacy in PXG must be evaluated.
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Nonperforating Filtering Surgery with Intraoperative 5-fluorouracil and no implant: Long-term Results
Authors: Gutiérrez-Ortiz Consuelo , Vleming Eduardo , Pareja Jesus , Teus Miguel A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the long-term morphologic changes in the anterior segment structures after nonpenetrating filtering surgery (NPFS) supplemented with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and no scleral implant using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Methods Thirteen eyes of 13 consecutive patients who underwent NPFS with intraoperative 5-FU under the conjunctiva and the scleral flap and no implant were evaluated in an observational nonrandomized, consecutive case series study conducted 2 years postoperatively. Patients were assessed for the presence of a subconjunctival filtering bleb, the volume of an intrascleral cavity, and a suprachoroidal hypoechoic area. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured preoperatively and postoperatively at the time of UBM. Results The IOP decreased significantly (p=0.01) from 24±7.6 mmHg to 13.7±4.1 mmHg. In most patients (69.2%), the postoperative IOP decreased at least 30% from the preoperative value without medications and in 84.6% with medication. UBM showed a subconjunctival empty space in 92.3% of eyes. In 84.6% of patients, an intrascleral cavity was seen, the mean volume of which was 1.68 mm3 (range, 0–4.07). We found a negative correlation between the height, width, and volume of the intrascleral lake and the IOP. In 92.3% of eyes, a hypoechoic area in the suprachoroidal space also was seen. Conclusions UBM showed a filtering intrascleral cavity, subconjunctival filtering bleb, and a suprachoroidal space after NPFS supplemented with 5-FU under the conjunctiva and the scleral flap without an implant.
Can an Intraoperative Bevacizumab Injection Prevent Recurrent Postvitrectomy Diabetic Vitreous Hemorrhage?
Authors: Romano Mario R. , Gibran Syed Khurshid , Marticorena Joaquin , Wong David , Heimann Henrich 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the recurrence of vitreous hemorrhage (VH) in patients treated with intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection (2.5 mg/0.1 mL) intraoperatively at the end of vitrectomy for treatment of diabetic nonclearing VH. Methods A prospective pilot study of 30 eyes of 28 consecutive diabetic patients who underwent pars plana vitrectomy and IVB injection intraoperatively at the end of vitrectomy was performed. The amount of VH was graded with slit lamp biomicroscopy by three masked retinal specialists from grade 0 to grade 3. Main outcome measures were rate of recurrence of the VH, improvement in visual acuity, incidence of cataract formation, and postoperative complications through a follow-up of 6 months. Results The percentage of severe recurrent VH with no fundus details (grade 3) was 7%, 13%, 27%, and 30%, respectively, at 7 days and 1-, 3-, and 6-month follow-up. At 6-month follow-up, the best-corrected visual acuity improved from 1.00 to 0.4 logMAR (p=0.01) in 21 out of 30 eyes (70%). Nine out 20 (40%) phakic patients developed cataract during the follow-up period, and 7 (31%) of them underwent cataract surgery. Conclusions The study suggests that intravitreal bevacizumab injection cannot prevent rebleeding in eyes undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for treatment of diabetic vitreous hemorrhage.
Intravitreal Bevacizumab in Refractory Uveitic Macular Edema: One-year Follow-up
Authors: Cervantes-Castañeda Rene A. , Giuliari Gian Paolo , Gallagher Michael J. , Yilmaz Taygan , Macdonell Rebecca E. , Quinones Karina , Foster Charles S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Uveitis is a major cause of ocular morbidity in developed countries. It has been demonstrated that macular edema is a significant cause of decreased visual acuity and macular edema in these patients. In this article, we evaluate the long-term outcome of intravitreal bevacizumab in the treatment of refractory uveitic macular edema. Methods In this retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series, uveitic patients with macular edema who were refractory to conventional therapy and who were treated with intravitreal bevacizumab were identified and assessed. Best-corrected visual acuity and optical coherence tomography central macular thickness measurements were collected and analyzed with correlative statistical analysis, including the use of Student paired t-test, Kaplan-Meier, and linear regression analysis. Results Twenty-nine eyes of 27 patients with diverse uveitic etiologies were analyzed and followed up at 1 year. Thirteen patients received a single intravitreal bevacizumab injection. Six patients required a second intravitreal bevacizumab injection, while 10 patients received combination therapy of intravitreal bevacizumab and triamcinolone acetonide. Baseline mean logMAR visual acuity was −0.59. At 1 year, the mean logMAR visual acuity was −0.42± 0.36 (p=0.0045). Baseline mean central macular thickness was 383.66 μm. At 1 year, the mean thickness was 294.32±110.87 (p=0.0007). Conclusions Intravitreal bevacizumab is a useful and therapeutically beneficial agent in the treatment of refractory uveitic macular edema. Some patients will require adjunctive intravitreal bevacizumab injections or the use of combination therapy with intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide.
Long-term Choroidal Vascular Changes after Iodine Brachytherapy versus Transpupillary Thermotherapy for Choroidal Melanoma
Authors: Pilotto Elisabetta , Vujosevic Stela , De Belvis Valentina , Parrozzani Raffaele , Boccassini Barbara , Midena Edoardo 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare long-term choroidal vascular changes after iodine-125 brachytherapy (IBT) versus transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) used as primary treatment of small choroidal melanoma. Methods Ninety-five small choroidal melanomas were randomized: 49 eyes with TTT and 46 eyes with IBT alone. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were performed at 3-month intervals during the first year, and every 6 months thereafter. Results Mean follow-up was 56.2 months (range, 24–118 months; SD, 22.6). Tumor regressed in 45 (92%) TTT-treated vs 45 (98%) IBT-treated eyes (p=0.397). Four TTT-treated and one IBT-treated tumor recurred. Occlusion of choriocapillaris was present in all TTT and IBT cases. Closure of medium and large choroidal vessels was observed in 17 (35%) TTT-treated vs 44 (96%) IBT-treated eyes (p<0.001). Choroidal vascular remodeling was detected in 20 (41%) TTT-treated and 16 (35%) IBT-treated eyes (p=0.693). Retinochoroidal anastomosis was present in 4 of the 37 (11%) TTT-treated eyes with patency of medium and large choroidal vessels, but never observed in the IBT-treated eyes, and was associated with tumor recurrence. Among IBT-treated eyes, segments of choroidal vascular wall ICG staining and choroidal aneurysmal changes were detected in 30 (65%) and 7 (15%), respectively. These changes were never detected in TTT-treated cases (p<0.0001 and p=0.015, respectively). Conclusions The pattern of tumor choroidal vascular changes following IBT and TTT differs. TTT is less effective in closing all tumor vasculature. The role of long-term choroidal vascular remodeling observed after these two treatments needs longer follow-up.
KIF21A variant R954W in Familial or Sporadic Cases of CFEOM1
Authors: Rudolph Guenther , Nentwich Michael , Hellebrand Heide , Pollack Katharina , Gordes Roswitha , Bau Viktoria , Kampik Anselm , Meindl Alfons 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To demonstrate the clinical characteristics and determine mutations in the KIF21A gene, encoding a kinesin motor protein in patients with congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) type 1. Methods Patients of five families with congenital fibrosis syndrome and two simplex patients with CFEOM underwent ophthalmologic examination and mutation analysis in the KIF21A gene. Results Clinical examination and passive motility testing prior to surgery met criteria for CFEOM. All patients had congenital restrictive ophthalmoplegia primarily affecting muscles innervated by the oculomotor nerve. Complete mutation screening in the KIF21A gene revealed the presence of the known and most common recurrent variant R954W in three families and in two simplex cases. Two families demonstrated linkage to chromosome 16. Conclusions The patients included in the study had marked restriction of movement bilaterally with nearly complete loss of vertical ocular motility, graded reduction of horizontal motility, ptosis, and compensatory chin elevation. The phenotype was variable in patients carrying the same mutation. In one family, all patients were diagnosed with mental retardation, indicating that this syndrome might not only affect the development of cranial nerves, but can also be responsible for general neurologic dysfunction. The screening data suggest frequent and exclusive appearance of the R454W variant in sporadic and familial cases of CFEOM1 in Germany.
Expression of Alpha-Crystallins in Human Sebaceous Carcinoma of the Eyelid
Authors: Rigas Panayota K. , Kase Satoru , Rao Narsing A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose α-Crystallins are molecular chaperones that protect various cells from apoptosis. This study used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of αA-crystallin and αB-crystallin in human sebaceous carcinoma tissues. Methods Nine patients with sebaceous carcinoma of the eyelid underwent excision of the eyelid or orbital exenteration. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections were submitted for hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry with anti-αA- and αB-crystallin antibodies. Results In the noncancerous eyelid, α-crystallins were weakly and homogeneously expressed in the Meibomian gland lobules. In eyelids with sebaceous carcinoma, αA-crystallin and αB-crystallin were highly expressed in 4 cases, where the cytoplasmic immunoreactivity was heterogeneously detected in the tumor cells. Three and 2 cases were shown to express low levels of αA-crystallin and αB-crystallin, respectively. A statistically significant correlation was observed between expression levels of αA-crystallin and αB-crystallin in sebaceous carcinomas (p=0.012). All sebaceous carcinoma tissues contained mitotic tumor cells, which showed predominantly perinuclear immunoreactivity of αB-crystallin. The mitotic rate of tumor cells was 5.85±1.76 and 10.72±1.64 in high and moderate/low αB-crystallin-expressing cases, respectively. The number of mitotic cells was significantly higher in moderate/low αB-crystallin-positive than in high-positive cases (p<0.01). Conclusions α-Crystallins are expressed in human sebaceous carcinomas including mitotic cells. Expression of αB-crystallin correlated with low number of mitotic tumor cells, suggesting that αB-crystallin may play a potential role in the regulation of tumor cell proliferation. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 702–7)
Mitomycin C Aqueous Humor Concentration after Photorefractive Keratectomy: An Experimental Study
Authors: Kymionis George D. , Diakonis Vasilios F. , Panagopoulou Sophia I. , Grentzelos Michael A. , Kazakos Dimitris C. , Tzatzarakis Manolis N. , Tsatsakis Aristidis M. , Pallikaris Aristophanis I. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate mitomycin C (MMC) aqueous humor concentration after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). Methods In this experimental study, twenty-four eyes of 12 male pigmented rabbits were divided into 4 groups and studied at the Institute of Vision and Optics, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece. Eyes in groups 1 and 2 underwent PRK to correct –5 diopters (D) in a 6-mm optical zone, while sponges soaked with 0.02% MMC were applied on the exposed corneal stroma for 60 and 120 seconds, respectively. Similarly, eyes in groups 3 and 4 underwent PRK to correct –10 D in a 6-mm optical zone, while sponges soaked with 0.02% MMC were applied on the exposed corneal stroma for 60 and 120 seconds, respectively. Aqueous humor was extracted from all rabbit eyes 10 minutes after MMC application and high-performance liquid chromatography was performed immediately to detect and quantify MMC levels. Results The mean aqueous humor concentration of MMC was 0.23±0.03 μg/mL, 0.39±0.05 μg/mL, 0.28±0.04 μg/mL, and 0.52±0.16 μg/mL in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The effect of application time and correction on aqueous humor MMC concentration was significant (p<0.0001 and p=0.019), while the exposure time had a greater impact on aqueous humor MMC concentration when compared with the attempted correction. Conclusions Both exposure time of MMC on the corneal stroma and the attempted correction was correlated with MMC aqueous humor concentrations. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 738–42)
Customizing the Amadeus® II Microkeratome: Evaluation of Cut Quality with Various Settings Using Electron Microscopy
Authors: Lackerbauer Carl-Arnold , Grueterich Martin , Kojetinsky Corina , Ulbig Michael , Kollias Aris 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the cut quality of keratectomy specimens created with the new Amadeus® II microkeratome (SIS, Ziemer Ophthalmic, Port, Switzerland) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods Corneal cuts were performed in 24 freshly enucleated porcine eyes using the Amadeus® II microkeratome with combinations of cutting-head depth, oscillation rate, head-advance speed, and reuse of the blade. For the cutting trials, a 140-μm and 160-μm cutting head with three oscillation rates of 8,000, 10,000, and 13,000 rpm and two head-advance speed rates of 1.5 and 3.5 mm/s were chosen. In each setting, the blade was reused for a second time. All eyes were included, resulting in 4 groups with 6 eyes for each configuration. The surface and edge of the corneal cut was examined using SEM. Results At fixed oscillation rates, an increase in head-advance speed led to lower quality cuts, higher surface roughness, and irregular cut edges for both cutting heads (140 μm/160 μm), especially when using the blade for a second time. At fixed head-advance speeds an increase in oscillation rates improved the cut quality for both cutting heads (140 μm/160 μm). This results in smoother surface characteristics and more regular cut edges, especially when using the blade for the first time. Conclusions Using the Amadeus® II microkeratome for laser in situ keratomileusis procedures, the optimum oscillation rate, the optimum head-advance speed, and a single use of the blade will produce a very smooth and regular surface and cut edge for safe, comfortable, and improved customized refractive surgery. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 743–7)
Novel 3D Computer-Automated Threshold Amsler Grid Visual Field Testing of Scotomas in Patients with Glaucoma
Authors: Nguyen Dieuthu T. , Fahimi Ali , Fink Wolfgang , Nazemi Paul P. , Kim Janet K. , Sadun Alfredo A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Three-dimensional (3D) computer-automated threshold Amsler grid testing was used to identify and characterize scotomas typical of glaucoma. Methods The 3D test exhibits a grid on a computer screen at a preselected grayscale and angular resolution, and allows patients to trace those areas on the grid that are missing in their visual field using a touch screen. Eleven eyes in patients with an established diagnosis of glaucoma were examined according to the above protocol. A total of 23 eyes from normal subjects were used as controls. The 5-minute test required that patients repeatedly outline scotomas on a touch screen with varied displays of contrast while maintaining their gaze on a central fixation marker. A 3D depiction of the visual field defects was then obtained that was further characterized by the location, shape, extent, depth, and slope of the scotomas. Results In this pilot study, the 3D depiction of visual field loss demonstrated paracentral, superior and inferior altitudinal, and nasal step defects consistent with glaucomatous damage. The 3D depiction showed a shape, extent, depth, and slope that are consistent with the severity of damage. Conclusions The 3D test identified and characterized scotomas typical of glaucoma. The test provides several advantages over conventional perimetry including additional information through 3D depiction of scotomas with the addition of contrast sensitivity and a higher angular/spatial resolution. Improved patient compliance and reliability through shorter testing time and potential interactive accessibility and distribution over the Internet further characterize the test. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 776–82)
Comparison of ICare, Dynamic Contour Tonometer, and Ocular Response Analyzer with Goldmann Applanation Tonometer in Patients with Glaucoma
Authors: Vandewalle Evelien , Vandenbroeck Sofie , Stalmans Ingeborg , Zeyen Thierry 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the intraocular pressure (IOP) readings taken by ICare, Pascal dynamic contour tonometer (DCT), and ocular response analyzer (ORA) with those taken by Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT). We sought to evaluate the influence of central corneal thickness (CCT) on IOP measurements and to compare patients' preferences for the four tonometers. Methods In this prospective study, 93 eyes from 93 patients were examined. Patients were randomly divided into 4 groups to vary the order in which the tonometers were applied. CCT was measured with an ultrasound pachymeter. Results The average CCT was 558±47.4 μm. The mean ± standard deviation IOP for GAT, ICare, DCT, and ORA (Goldmann-correlated IOP) (ORAgc) were 15.1±4.8, 15.7±5.7, 18.3±5.1, and 18.3±6.6 mmHg, respectively. There was no significant difference between the mean IOP obtained with GAT and ICare (p=0.14). There was also no difference in IOP levels between the mean IOP obtained with DCT and ORA (p=0.26). There was no correlation between IOP measurements and CCT for the four instruments. Bland-Altman graphs showed disagreement between the measurements taken by GAT and the other instruments. There was no significant difference in patients' preference among the 4 instruments (p=0.48). Conclusions IOP readings from ICare were consistent with those from GAT, whereas DCT readings correspond well to ORAgc measurements. DCT and ORA readings both overestimated the GAT readings. There was no correlation between the IOP measurements and the CCT for the 4 instruments. There was no significant difference in patients' preference among the 4 instruments. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 783–9)
Diurnal Variation of Corneal Biomechanics and Intraocular Pressure in Normal Subjects
Authors: Oncel Banu , Dinc Umut Asli , Gorgun Ebru , Ilgaz Yalvaç Belkis 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To assess and investigate the relationship between diurnal variations in intraocular pressure (IOP) and biomechanical properties of cornea. Methods Sixty-two healthy volunteers were recruited. Corneal compensated IOP (IOPcc), Goldmann-correlated IOP (IOPg), corneal resistance factor (CRF), and corneal hysteresis (CH) parameters were recorded by the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA). Central corneal thickness (CCT) was measured using an ultrasonic pachymeter. Three consecutive measurements of IOPcc, IOPg, CRF, CH, and CCT were recorded at 8:00 AM, 11:00 AM, 2:00 PM, and 5:00 PM. One-way analysis of variance and Pearson correlation tests were used for statistical analysis. Intra device repeatability was evaluated using Scheffe multiple comparison. Results IOPcc, IOPg, CRF, CH, and CCT measurements displayed a stable profile during daytime acquisitions and no statistically significant variation was noted (p>0.05). All measurements of IOPcc, IOPg, CRF, and CH recorded by ORA at 8:00 AM, 11:00 AM, 2:00 PM, and 5:00 PM were all found to be highly repeatable (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant and inverse correlation between IOPcc and CH (p=0.001), and a positive correlation was detected between IOPcc and CRF (p=0.001). CRF and CH were both found to be positively correlated to CCT (p=0.001). Conclusions IOPcc readings and recordings of corneal biomechanics were constant throughout the day in healthy eyes. CRF and CH seem to exert different effects on IOPcc as diverse correlations were detected between CRF, CH, and IOPcc. Assessment of IOP and corneal biomechanics using ORA was found to be a highly repeatable. (Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19: 798–803)