bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a New Manure Amendment for Reducing Ammonia Volatilization and Phosphorus Runoff from Poultry Litter
Authors: Moore Philip A. 
Published: May 2016

Treating poultry litter with alum is a best management practice that reduces phosphorus (P) runoff and ammonia (NH3) emissions. However, alum prices have increased substantially during the past decade. The goal of this research was to develop inexpensive manure amendments that are as effective as alum in reducing NH3volatilization and P runoff. Sixteen amendments were developed using mixtures of alum mud, bauxite ore, sulfuric acid, liquid alum, and water. Alum mud is the residual left over from alum manufacture when produced by reacting bauxite with sulfuric acid. A laboratory NH3volatilization study was conducted using 11 treatments: untreated poultry litter, poultry litter treated with liquid or dry alum, or eight new mixtures. All of the litter amendments tested resulted in significantly lower NH3volatilization than untreated litter. Dry and liquid alum reduced NH3losses by 86 and 75%, respectively. The eight new litter amendments reduced NH3losses from 62 to 73% compared with untreated litter, which was not significantly different from liquid alum; the three most effective mixtures were not significantly different from dry alum. Water‐extractable P (WEP) was significantly reduced by all of the amendments, three of which resulted in significantly lower WEP than dry alum. The most promising new amendments were mixtures of alum mud, bauxite, and sulfuric acid. The potential impact of these amendments could be enormous because they could be produced for less than half the price of alum while being as effective in reducing NH3emissions and P runoff.Core IdeasAlum additions to poultry litter reduce ammonia emissions and P runoff.The price of alum has increased dramatically, creating a need for cheaper products.New manure amendments were developed using alum mud (a byproduct), bauxite, and sulfuric acid.Three of these new products reduced ammonia volatilization and WEP as well as alum.These new amendments should be more cost‐effective than alum because they are cheaper to produce.
Mitigating Meal-Related Glycemic Excursions in an Insulin-Sparing Manner During Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery: The Beneficial Effects of Adjunctive Pramlintide and Liraglutide
Authors: Sherr Jennifer L. , Patel Neha S. , Michaud Camille I. , Palau-Collazo Miladys M. , Van Name Michelle A. , Tamborlane William V. , Cengiz Eda , Carria Lori R. , Tichy Eileen M. , Weinzimer Stuart A. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
Closed-loop (CL) insulin delivery effectively maintains glucose overnight but struggles when challenged with meals. Use of single-day, 30-μg/meal pramlintide lowers meal excursions during CL. We sought to further elucidate the potential benefits of adjunctive agents after 3–4 weeks of outpatient dose titration.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Two CL studies were conducted: one evaluating adjunctive pramlintide and the other liraglutide. Ten subjects (age 16–23 years; A1C 7.2 ± 0.6% [55 ± 6.6 mmol/mol]) completed two 24-h sessions: one on CL alone and one on CL plus 60-μg pramlintide (CL + P), after a 3–4-week outpatient dose escalation. Eleven subjects (age 18–27 years; A1C 7.5 ± 0.9% [58 ± 9.8 mmol/mol]) were studied before and after treatment with 1.8 mg liraglutide (CL + L) after a similar 3–4-week dose escalation period. Timing and content of meals during CL were identical within experiments; meals were not announced.

RESULTS
Pramlintide delayed the time to peak plasma glucose (PG) excursion (CL 1.6 ± 0.5 h vs. CL + P 2.6 ± 0.9 h, P &lt; 0.001) with concomitant blunting of peak postprandial increments in PG (P &lt; 0.0001) and reductions in postmeal incremental PG area under the curve (AUC) (P = 0.0002). CL + L also led to reductions in PG excursions (P = 0.05) and incremental PG AUC (P = 0.004), with a 28% reduction in prandial insulin delivery. Outpatient liraglutide therapy led to a weight loss of 3.2 ± 1.8 kg, with a 26% reduction in total daily insulin dose.

CONCLUSIONS
Adjunctive pramlintide and liraglutide treatment mitigated postprandial hyperglycemia during CL control; liraglutide demonstrated the additional benefit of weight loss in an insulin-sparing manner. Further investigations of these and other adjunctive agents in long-term outpatient CL studies are needed.
Biomechanical demands on posterior fusion instrumentation during lordosis restoration procedures
Authors: Kuo Calvin C. , Martin Audrey , Telles Connor , Leasure Jeremi , Iezza Alex , Ames Christopher , Kondrashov Dimitriy 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to investigate the forces placed on posterior fusion instrumentation by 3 commonly used intraoperative techniques to restore lumbar lordosis: 1) cantilever bending; 2) in situ bending; and 3) compression and/or distraction of screws along posterior fusion rods.

METHODS
Five cadaveric torsos were instrumented with pedicle screws at the L1–5 levels. Specimens underwent each of the 3 lordosis restoration procedures. The pedicle screw pullout force was monitored in real time via strain gauges that were mounted unilaterally at each level. The degree of correction was noted through fluoroscopic imaging. The peak loads experienced on the screws during surgery, total demand on instrumentation, and resting loads after corrective maneuvers were measured.

RESULTS
A mean overall lordotic correction of 10.9 ± 4.7° was achieved. No statistically significant difference in lordotic correction was observed between restoration procedures. In situ bending imparted the largest loads intraoperatively with an average of 1060 ± 599.9 N, followed by compression/distraction (971 ± 534.1 N) and cantilever bending (705 ± 413.0 N). In situ bending produced the largest total demand and postoperative loads at L-1 (1879 ± 1064.1 and 487 ± 118.8 N, respectively), which were statistically higher than cantilever bending and compression/distraction (786 ± 272.1 and 138 ± 99.2 N, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
In situ bending resulted in the highest mechanical demand on posterior lumbar instrumentation, as well as the largest postoperative loads at L-1. These results suggest that the forces generated with in situ bending indicate a greater chance of intraoperative instrumentation failure and postoperative proximal pedicle screw pullout when compared with cantilever bending and/or compression/distraction options. The results are aimed at optimizing correction and fusion strategies in lordosis restoration cases.
Mentorship: service, education, progress. The 2015 CNS Presidential Address
Authors: Selden Nathan R. 
Published: May 2016

The theme of the 65th Annual Meeting of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons and the title of this presidential address focus on mentorship as a valuable service owed to the profession of neurological surgery by its members, a crucial tool for the education of new neurosurgeons, and a fundamental contributor to the progress of the specialty. The author explores the origin of the term “mentor” in Homeric tradition and the impact of mentorship on the historical legacy of neurological surgery. He outlines the role mentorship played in his own professional development, as well as the changing face of mentorship today due to increasing numbers of women in neurosurgery.
Many surgeons perceive modern educational approaches as threats to the tradition of personal mentorship in medicine. The author argues that intentional educational methods, such as the Society of Neurological Surgeons (SNS) “matrix” curriculum, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education “milestones,” and the SNS “boot camp” courses, each focus, enhance, and empower, but do not replace, personal mentorship. The author further describes the important role of mentorship in the definition, growth, and health of the specialty of neurological surgery and in the personal well-being and fulfillment of its practitioners.
Cervical radiographic parameters in 1- and 2-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion
Authors: Gillis Christopher C. , Kaszuba Megan C. , Traynelis Vincent C. 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is one of the most commonly performed spine procedures. It can be used to correct cervical kyphotic deformity, which is the most common cervical deformity, and is often performed using lordotic interbody devices. Worsening of the cervical sagittal parameters is associated with decreased health-related quality of life. The study hypothesis is that through the use of machined lordotic allografts in ACDF, segmental and overall cervical lordosis can be maintained or increased, which will have a positive impact on overall cervical sagittal alignment.

METHODS
Seventy-four cases of 1-level ACDF (ACDF1) and 2-level ACDF (ACDF2) (40 ACDF1 and 34 ACDF2 procedures) were retrospectively reviewed. Upright neutral lateral radiographs were assessed preoperatively and at 6 weeks and 1 year postoperatively. The measured radiographic parameters included focal lordosis, disc height, C2–7 lordosis, C1–7 lordosis, T-1 slope, and C2–7 sagittal vertical axis. Correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationships between these radiographic measurements.

RESULTS
The mean values were as follows: preoperative focal lordosis was 0.574°, disc height was 4.48 mm, C2–7 lordosis was 9.66°, C1–7 lordosis was 42.5°, cervical sagittal vertebral axis (SVA) was 26.9 mm, and the T-1 slope was 33.2°. Cervical segmental lordosis significantly increased by 6.31° at 6 weeks and 6.45° at 1 year. C2–7 lordosis significantly improved by 1 year with a mean improvement of 3.46°. There was a significant positive correlation between the improvement in segmental lordosis and overall cervical lordosis. Overall cervical lordosis was significantly negatively correlated with cervical SVA. Improved segmental lordosis was not correlated with cervical SVA in ACDF1 patients but was significantly negatively correlated in ACDF2 patients. There was also a significant positive correlation between the T-1 slope and cervical SVA.

CONCLUSIONS
In the study population, the improvement of focal lordosis was significantly correlated with an improvement in overall lordosis (C1–7 and C2–7), and overall lordosis as measured by the C2–7 Cobb angle was significantly negatively correlated with cervical SVA. Using lordotic cervical allografts, we successfully created and maintained significant improvement in cervical segmental lordosis at the 6-week and 1-year time points with values of 6.31° and 6.45°, respectively. ACDF is able to achieve statistically significant improvement in C2–7 cervical lordosis by the 1-year followup, with a mean improvement of 3.46°. Increasing the number of levels operated on resulted in improved cervical sagittal parameters. This establishes a baseline for further examination into the ability of multilevel ACDF to achieve cervical deformity correction through the intervertebral correction of lordosis.
PHOTOIONIZATION MODELING OF THE LOW-LUMINOSITY SEYFERT 1 NUCLEUS IN NGC 3516
Authors: Devereux Nick 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Spectroscopic observations of the low-luminosity Seyfert 1 nucleus in NGC 3516 obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope show that the visible spectrum is dominated by Balmer emission lines of hydrogen (H) and a continuum luminosity that rises into the UV. The anomalous

/Hβ emission line ratio, the Balmer emission line luminosity, and the distinctive shape observed for the

emission line profile serve as important constraints for any photoionization model aimed at explaining the visible emission line spectrum of NGC 3516. Photoionization modeling using Cloudy demonstrates that the central UV–X-ray source is able to completely ionize the H gas in between the Balmer and dust reverberation radii if the electron density is

3

cm

throughout. Thus, according to this model the region responsible for producing the visible H lines is a dust-free shell of ionized H gas. Interestingly, the model predicts a rapid rise in the electron temperature as the central UV–X-ray source is approached, mirrored by an equally precipitous decrease in the Balmer line emissivity that coincides with the Balmer reverberation radius, providing a natural explanation for the finite width observed for H Balmer lines. Collectively, the merit of the model is that it explains the relative intensities of the three brightest Balmer lines and the shape of the

emission line profile. However, questions remain concerning the unusually weak forbidden lines that cannot be addressed using Cloudy due to limitations with the code.
DYNAMIC FLARING NON-POTENTIAL FIELDS ON QUIET SUN NETWORK SCALES
Authors: Chesny D. L. , Oluseyi H. M. , Orange N. B. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We report on the identification of dynamic flaring non-potential structures on quiet Sun (QS) supergranular network scales. Data from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory allow for the high spatial and temporal resolution of this diverse class of compact structures. The rapidly evolving non-potential events presented here, with lifetimes <10 minutes, are on the order of 10″ in length. Thus, they contrast significantly with well-known active region (AR) non-potential structures such as high-temperature X-ray and EUV sigmoids (>100″) and micro-sigmoids (>10″) with lifetimes on the order of hours to days. The photospheric magnetic field environment derived from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager shows a lack of evidence for these flaring non-potential fields being associated with significant concentrations of bipolar magnetic elements. Of much interest to our events is the possibility of establishing them as precursor signatures of eruptive dynamics, similar to notions for AR sigmoids and micro-sigmoids, but associated with uneventful magnetic network regions. We suggest that the mixed network flux of QS-like magnetic environments, though unresolved, can provide sufficient free magnetic energy for flaring non-potential plasma structuring. The appearance of non-potential magnetic fields could be a fundamental process leading to self-organized criticality in the QS-like supergranular network and contribute to coronal heating, as these events undergo rapid helicial and vortical relaxations.
EVOLUTION OF THERMALLY PULSING ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH STARS. V. CONSTRAINING THE MASS LOSS AND LIFETIMES OF INTERMEDIATE-MASS, LOW-METALLICITY AGB STARS*
Authors: Rosenfield Philip , Marigo Paola , Girardi Léo , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Bressan Alessandro , Williams Benjamin F. , Dolphin Andrew 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) stars are relatively short lived (less than a few Myr), yet their cool effective temperatures, high luminosities, efficient mass loss, and dust production can dramatically affect the chemical enrichment histories and the spectral energy distributions of their host galaxies. The ability to accurately model TP-AGB stars is critical to the interpretation of the integrated light of distant galaxies, especially in redder wavelengths. We continue previous efforts to constrain the evolution and lifetimes of TP-AGB stars by modeling their underlying stellar populations. Using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) optical and near-infrared photometry taken of 12 fields of 10 nearby galaxies imaged via the Advanced Camera for Surveys Nearby Galaxy Survey Treasury and the near-infrared HST/SNAP follow-up campaign, we compare the model and observed TP-AGB luminosity functions as well as the ratio of TP-AGB to red giant branch stars. We confirm the best-fitting mass-loss prescription, introduced by Rosenfield et al., in which two different wind regimes are active during the TP-AGB, significantly improves models of many galaxies that show evidence of recent star formation. This study extends previous efforts to constrain TP-AGB lifetimes to metallicities ranging −1.59 ≲

[Fe/H]

≲ −0.56 and initial TP-AGB masses up to ∼4 M
⊙, which include TP-AGB stars that undergo hot-bottom burning.
THE MOST LUMINOUS HEAVILY OBSCURED QUASARS HAVE A HIGH MERGER FRACTION: MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF WISE-SELECTED HOT DUST-OBSCURED GALAXIES
Authors: Fan (范璐璐) Lulu , Han (韩云坤) Yunkun , Fang (方官文) Guanwen , Gao (高颖) Ying , Zhang (张丹丹) Dandan , Jiang (蒋效铭) Xiaoming , Wu (伍巧倩) Qiaoqian , Yang (杨俊) Jun , Li (李钊) Zhao 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Previous studies have shown that Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer-selected hyperluminous, hot dust-obscured galaxies (Hot DOGs) are powered by highly dust-obscured, possibly Compton-thick active galactic nuclei (AGNs). High obscuration provides us a good chance to study the host morphology of the most luminous AGNs directly. We analyze the host morphology of 18 Hot DOGs at z ∼ 3 using Hubble Space Telescope/WFC3 imaging. We find that Hot DOGs have a high merger fraction (62 ± 14%). By fitting the surface brightness profiles, we find that the distribution of Sérsic indices in our Hot DOG sample peaks around 2, which suggests that most Hot DOGs have transforming morphologies. We also derive the AGN bolometric luminosity (∼1014
L
⊙) of our Hot DOG sample by using IR spectral energy distributions decomposition. The derived merger fraction and AGN bolometric luminosity relation is well consistent with the variability-based model prediction. Both the high merger fraction in an IR-luminous AGN sample and relatively low merger fraction in a UV/optical-selected, unobscured AGN sample can be expected in the merger-driven evolutionary model. Finally, we conclude that Hot DOGs are merger-driven and may represent a transit phase during the evolution of massive galaxies, transforming from the dusty starburst-dominated phase to the unobscured QSO phase.
Antimicrobial and Mechanical Properties of Dental Resin Composite Containing Bioactive Glass
Authors: Korkut Emre , Torlak Emrah , Altunsoy Mustafa 
Published: May 2016

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy and mechanical properties of dental resin composites containing different amounts of microparticulate bioactive glass (BAG). Methods Experimental resin composites were prepared by mixing resin matrix (70% BisGMA and 30% TEGDMA) and inorganic filler with various fractions of BAG to achieve final BAG concentrations of 5, 10 and 30 wt%. Antimicrobial efficacy was assessed in aqueous suspension against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans and in biofilm against S. mutans. The effect of incorporation of BAG on the mechanical properties of resin composite was evaluated by measuring the surface roughness, compressive strength and flexural strength. Results Under the dynamic contact condition, viable counts of E. coli, S. aureus and S. mutans in suspensions were reduced up to 78%, 57% and 50%, respectively, after 90 minutes of exposure to disc-shaped composite specimens, depending on the BAG contents. In 2-day-old S. mutans biofilm, incorporation of BAG into composite at ratios of 10% and 30% resulted in 0.8 and 1.4 log reductions in the viable cell counts compared with the BAG-free composite, respectively. The surface roughness values of composite specimens did not show any significant difference (p>0.05) at any concentration of BAG. However, compressive and flexural strengths of composite were decreased significantly with addition of 30% BAG (p<0.05). Conclusions The results demonstrated the successful utilization of BAG as a promising biomaterial in resin composites to provide antimicrobial function.
Implantable Venous Ports in Pediatric Oncology: Experience of Single Institution in Russia
Authors: Yu Rykov Maxim , Polyakov Vladimir G. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose To review our experience with implantable venous port-systems (IVPs) in pediatric cancer patients. Materials and Methods From 2010 to 2015 we were monitoring the treatment of 163 children (aged 3 months to 17 years) with oncologic diseases. These patients underwent venous port implantations. Results During insertion of 163 IVPs the following complications and technical difficulties were present: unintended puncture of the common carotid artery (CCA) during the puncture of the internal jugular vein (IJV) - 7 cases (4.3%); retrograde positioning of the distal end of the guidewire in the IJV - 17 cases (14.4%); placement of the distal end of the guidewire into the punctured subclavian vein (SV) - 12 cases (7.6%); difficulties driving the guidewire into the IJV after successful puncture - 15 cases (9.3%). The use of 163 IVPs was complicated by the following: venous port contamination - 4 cases (2.5%); occlusion of the IVPs by a clot - 8 cases (5%); withdrawal of the Huber needle bevel from the port chamber - 22 cases (13.6%); subcutaneous fat layer thinning above the port chamber - 3 cases (1.7%). Conclusions There are many complications, but they can be reduced by proper choice of materials and methodology.
The Relationship of Morals and Markets Today:A Review of Recent Scholarship on the Culture of Economic Life
Authors: Macekura Stephen , Mcrorie Christina , Cebul Brent , Ticona Julia , Maiers Claire , Elias Allison , O'Connor Jonathan , Schrum Ethan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article surveys recent trends in scholarship on capitalism within the fields of history, cultural sociology, and religious studies, highlighting the ways that scholars working in each of these disciplines have shifted their methodological and substantive approaches so as to foreground the cultural and moral, rather than technical, aspects of economic life. In light of our current moment of cultural reflection upon the character and future of capitalism, this article suggests that this scholarship contains valuable resources for enriching both public and academic conversations about the relationship between capitalism and the moral life. This article concludes by identifying two promising areas for further, and interdisciplinary, scholarly attention.
Democracy as a Social Practice:Jeffrey Stout, Miroslav Volf, and the Democratic Virtues
Authors: Moret Ross 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe examples of grassroots activism that form the basis of Jeffrey Stout's Blessed Are the Organized (2010) are presented by Stout as an application of the democratic politics that are described in his earlier, very influential book, Democracy and Tradition (2004). This article argues, however, that the anger and group solidarity that characterize the practices of accountability that appear in Blessed Are the Organized work to undermine some of the most precious insights of Democracy and Tradition. This article offers Miroslav Volf's generous practice of “double vision” as a way to better temper the dangers of democratic accountability, without sacrificing effectiveness.
Editorial núm 14
Authors: Castillo Herrera Beverly 
Published: May 2016

La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNAN-Managua) y su Facultad Multidisciplinaria de Estelí (FAREM-Estelí) presenta la REVISTA CIENTIFICA DE FAREM-Estelí en su edición de Año 4, No.14, trimestre de Abril-Junio 2015. En este número se incluyen nueve artículos científicos provenientes de investigaciones de grado, postgrado y de investigadores de la Facultad Multidisciplinaria de Matagalpa (FAREM-Matagalpa) y de la Estación Experimental “El Limón” de FAREM-Estelí.
Surface acoustic wave velocity and elastic constants of cubic GaN
Authors: Riobóo Rafael J. Jiménez , Cuscó Ramon , Prieto Carlos , Kopittke Caroline , Novikov Sergei V. , Artús Luis 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We present high-resolution surface Brillouin scattering measurements on cubic GaN layers grown on GaAs substrate. By using a suitable scattering geometry, scattering by surface acoustic waves is recorded for different azimuthal angles, and the surface acoustic wave velocities are determined. A comparison of experimental results with numerical simulations of the azimuthal dependence of the surface wave velocity shows good agreement and allows a consistent set of elastic constants for c-GaN to be determined.