bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized trial comparing two interventions to increase physical activity among patients undergoing bariatric surgery
Authors: Creel David B. , Schuh Leslie M. , Reed Christina A. , Gomez Adrienne R. , Hurst Lori A. , Stote Joseph , Cacucci Brenda M. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo test the effectiveness of two levels of physical activity interventions before and up to 6½ months after bariatric surgery.MethodsBefore surgery, individuals completed submaximal exercise testing on a treadmill. After random assignment to standard care, pedometer use, or exercise counseling plus pedometer, participants wore an accelerometer for approximately 2 weeks and returned it to the bariatric center before surgery and 2, 4, and 6 months postoperatively.ResultsIndividuals in exercise counseling plus pedometer had higher steps per day and bout minutes of exercise per week than standard care and pedometer use over the course of the study. There were no group differences related to exercise tolerance; however, all groups made significant improvement. There was no statistically significant change in sedentary or light activity nor was there a difference between groups.ConclusionsExercise counseling using pedometers increases physical activity from the perioperative period to 6½ months after surgery, but providing pedometers without professional feedback may not be more effective than standard bariatric surgery treatments. Rapid weight loss increases exercise tolerance and may mask the fitness improvements achieved through a modest physical activity intervention during the first 6 months after bariatric surgery.
Gut zu Fuß
Authors: Thaller Sigrid , Gigler Tatjana , Mathelitsch Leopold 
Published: July 2016

AbstractJe nach Training, Tempo und individuellen Vorlieben gibt es drei Laufstile: Vor‐, Mittel‐ und Rückfußlaufstil. Der Vorfußlaufstil ist am schnellsten und erfordert am meisten Athletik. Auch die Schuhe haben Einfluss. Konventionelle Laufschuhe sind gut gedämpft, vermitteln aber ein schlechteres Gefühl für den Bodenkontakt. Bei Barfußlaufschuhen ist es umgekehrt. Dafür treten bei diesen überwiegend höhere Kraftspitzen an Füßen und Beinen auf. Mit dem Altern lässt die Dämpfung und Elastizität von Sportschuhen messbar nach.
Kosmische Entwicklungshelfer
Authors: Beck Rainer 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPolarisierte Radiostrahlung erlaubt die Vermessung der Magnetfelder in Galaxien. Die typischen Magnetfeldstärken sind ausreichend hoch, um die Entwicklung der Galaxien zu beeinflussen und die Bildung von Spiralarmen zu unterstützen. Viele Indizien sprechen für den sogenannten α‐Ω‐Dynamo als Ursache der ausgerichteten Magnetfelder.
Elektronenorbitale in 3D
Authors: Koller Georg , Puschnig Peter , Gottwald Alexander , Tautz F. Stefan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDie winkelaufgelöste Photoelektronen‐Spektroskopie, Photoelektronen‐Tomographie genannt, erlaubt die Rekonstruktion von Molekülorbitalen in drei Dimensionen. Dazu werden auf einer Metalloberfläche angeordnete Moleküle mit extremem ultravioletten Licht bestrahlt und die Winkel‐ und Energieverteilung der über den photoelektrischen Effekt herausgelösten Elektronen gemessen. Die Ergebnisse sind ein weiterer Beleg für das Konzept der Molekülorbitale, denen der Orbitaltheoretiker Kenichi Fukui 1977 eine “irgendwie unwirkliche Natur” zuschrieb. Anders als zum Beispiel Rastersonden‐Methoden funktioniert die Photoelektronen‐Tomographie auch bei Zimmertemperatur. Sie kann zudem Orbitale organischer Moleküle auf reaktiven Substraten abbilden. In Zukunft könnte sie auch 3D‐Bilder von dynamischen Veränderungen in Orbitalen, zum Beispiel während chemischen Reaktionen, liefern.
Ein Blick auf die Herzfrequenz mit Cardiio
Authors: Karaböcek Fadime , Winkelmann Jan , Wilhelm Thomas , Kuhn Jochen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDer Name deutet es bereits an: Bei dieser App geht es um das Herz und das iOS‐Betriebssystem von Apple. Die App Cardiio bietet für iPhone, iPod touch und iPad die Möglichkeit, mit Hilfe der Videokamera die eigene Herzfrequenz zu bestimmen. Hierfür misst das Programm Farbschwankungen auf der Haut zwischen einzelnen Pulsschlägen.
Rv2074 is a novel F420H2‐dependent biliverdin reductase in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Ahmed F. Hafna , Mohamed A. Elaaf , Carr Paul D. , Lee Brendon M. , Condic‐Jurkic Karmen , O'Mara Megan L. , Jackson Colin J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBilirubin is a potent antioxidant that is produced from the reduction of the heme degradation product biliverdin. In mammalian cells and Cyanobacteria, NADH/NADPH‐dependent biliverdin reductases (BVRs) of the Rossmann‐fold have been shown to catalyze this reaction. Here, we describe the characterization of Rv2074 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which belongs to a structurally and mechanistically distinct family of F420H2‐dependent BVRs (F‐BVRs) that are exclusively found in Actinobacteria. We have solved the crystal structure of Rv2074 bound to its cofactor, F420, and used this alongside molecular dynamics simulations, site‐directed mutagenesis and NMR spectroscopy to elucidate its catalytic mechanism. The production of bilirubin by Rv2074 could exploit the anti‐oxidative properties of bilirubin and contribute to the range of immuno‐evasive mechanisms that have evolved in M. tuberculosis to allow persistent infection.
A model for the interaction of the G3‐subdomain of Geobacillus stearothermophilus IF2 with the 30S ribosomal subunit
Authors: Dongre Ramachandra , Folkers Gert E. , Gualerzi Claudio O. , Boelens Rolf , Wienk Hans 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBacterial translation initiation factor IF2 complexed with GTP binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit, promotes ribosomal binding of fMet‐tRNA, and favors the joining of the small and large ribosomal subunits yielding a 70S initiation complex ready to enter the translation elongation phase. Within the IF2 molecule subdomain G3, which is believed to play an important role in the IF2‐30S interaction, is positioned between the GTP‐binding G2 and the fMet‐tRNA binding C‐terminal subdomains. In this study the solution structure of subdomain G3 of Geobacillus stearothermophilus IF2 has been elucidated. G3 forms a core structure consisting of two β‐sheets with each four anti‐parallel strands, followed by a C‐terminal α‐helix. In line with its role as linker between G3 and subdomain C1, this helix has no well‐defined orientation but is endowed with a dynamic nature. The structure of the G3 core is that of a typical OB‐fold module, similar to that of the corresponding subdomain of Thermus thermophilus IF2, and to that of other known RNA‐binding modules such as IF2‐C2, IF1 and subdomains II of elongation factors EF‐Tu and EF‐G. Structural comparisons have resulted in a model that describes the interaction between IF2‐G3 and the 30S ribosomal subunit.
Zur Sprödbruchsicherheit von Erzeugnissen aus Stahlguss
Authors: Spannaus Max , Ummenhofer Thomas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractStahlgussbauteile werden häufig für hochbeanspruchte, dickwandige Erzeugnisse eingesetzt. Neben den Gebrauchstauglichkeits‐ und Tragfähigkeitsnachweisen ist für diese Bauteile aufgrund der Werkstoffungänzen und der daraus resultierenden Spannungsspitzen auch außerhalb der Anschweißenden eine ausreichende Sicherheit gegen sprödes Bauteilversagen sicherzustellen. Vereinfachte Sprödbruchnachweise, denen Worst‐Case‐Betrachtungen zugrunde liegen, lassen für große Wanddicken jedoch nur deutlich reduzierte Ausnutzungsgrade zu. Allgemein anerkannte Konzepte für die rechnerische Bewertung realitätsnaher Bemessungsszenarien unter Berücksichtigung der Herstellungsqualität von Gussbauteilen gibt es derzeit nicht. Im folgenden Beitrag werden experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Bewertung der Sprödbruchsicherheit von dickwandigen Bauteilen sowie eine detailgetreue Nachweismethode auf Basis numerischer Berechnungen vorgestellt. Diese Ergebnisse wurden im Rahmen einer Dissertation an der Versuchsanstalt für Stahl, Holz und Steine des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT) erarbeitet.Brittle fracture safety of products of cast steel. Cast steel components are frequently used for highly stressed, thick‐walled products. In addition to the proof of serviceability and load‐bearing capacity, a sufficient safety against brittle component failure is to be ensured even outside of the welding ends for these components due to the material discontinuities and the resulting stress peaks. Simplified assessments against brittle fracture, that underlie worst‐case considerations, allow only significantly reduced utilisation factors for large wall thicknesses. Generally accepted concepts for the arithmetic evaluation of realistic dimensioning scenarios under consideration of the manufacturing quality of cast steel components are currently not available. In the following paper the experimental investigations for evaluating brittle fracture safety of thick‐walled components and an accurate detection method on the basis of numerical calculations are presented. These results were developed in the scope of a doctoral thesis at the Research Center for Steel, Timber and Masonry at Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT).
Experimentelle Untersuchungen an Ständerrahmen des Hochregallagerbaus
Authors: Ungermann Dieter , Pätzold Anja 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDie Bauhöhe von Hochregallagern ist in den vergangenen Jahren stetig gestiegen. Entsprechend besteht Bedarf, den kontinuierlich wachsenden Anforderungen, denen Hochregallager in Stahlbauweise genügen müssen, durch Weiterentwicklungen und Optimierungen der Konstruktion zu begegnen. Von essentieller Bedeutung für die Stabilität und Gebrauchstauglichkeit von Hochregallagern ist die Schubsteifigkeit von Ständerrahmen.Geschlossene theoretische Ansätze zur realitätsnahen Erfassung der Schubsteifigkeit von Ständerrahmen mit dünnwandigen Stahlquerschnitten und einfachen Verbindungen, wie sie im Hochregallagerbau eingesetzt werden, existieren derzeit nicht. Aus diesem Grund ist es in der Regalbauindustrie immer noch gängige Praxis, die Schubsteifigkeit eines Ständerrahmens experimentell in so genannten Rahmenschubversuchen nach DIN EN 15512 zu ermitteln.In dem hier vorgestellten Forschungsprojekt werden die für die Schubsteifigkeit von Ständerrahmen im Hochregallagerbau maßgebenden Einflussparameter qualifiziert und quantifiziert. Des Weiteren sollen auf dieser Basis Berechnungsgrundlagen abgeleitet werden, um analytische Methoden zur realitätsnahen Bestimmung der Schubsteifigkeit zu entwickeln.Experimental analysis of upright frames in high‐bay racking construction. The height of high‐bay warehouses has risen constantly in recent years. Accordingly, there exists a need to meet the continuously increasing requirements of high‐bay warehouse in steel construction by upgrading and optimizing their design. The shear stiffness of the upright frames is of crucial importance for the stability and serviceability of high‐bay warehouses.Closed theoretical approaches for a realistic survey of the shear stiffness of upright frames with thin‐walled steel profiles and simple joints, such as those used in high‐bay racking systems, currently do not exist. For this reason, it is still common practice within the shelf construction industry, to determine experimentally the shear stiffness of an upright frame in so‐called frame shear tests according to DIN EN 15512.The research project presented hereafter qualifies and quantifies the relevant parameters for the shear stiffness of upright frames in high‐bay racking systems. Additionally, a calculation basis should be determined in order to develop analytical methods for a realistic determination of the shear stiffness.
Deutscher Brückenbaupreis 2016 und 26. Dresdner Brückenbausymposium
Authors: Stritzke Jürgen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractVor über 1 200 Gästen wurde am 14. März d. J. der Deutsche Brückenbaupreis 2016 verliehen. Bereits zum sechsten Mal wurde dieser bedeutende Ingenieurpreis in ununterbrochener Folge seit 2006 im Hörsaalzentrum der Technischen Universität Dresden verliehen. Ausgezeichnet wurden auch diesmal ganzheitlich gelungene Brückenbauwerke in den beiden Kategorien “Straßen‐ und Eisenbahnbrücken” sowie “Fuß‐ und Radwegbrücken”, die auch Beiträge zur Baukultur liefern. Die Ingenieure, deren kreative Leistungen maßgeblich zum Entstehen der ausgezeichneten Brückenbauwerke geführt haben, erhielten die Preisskulptur [1]. Der alle zwei Jahre ausgelobte Ingenieurpreis der Königsdisziplin des Ingenieurbaus steht unter der Schirmherrschaft des BMVI. Hauptsponsor ist die Deutsche Bahn AG.Einen glanzvollen Auftakt boten ein “Professor des Brückenbaus” und ein “Professor der Zahnmedizin” mit einem Sketch über den sicheren Brückenbau, nicht ahnend, dass jeder von etwas anderem spricht und am Ende der Zahnarzt feststellen muss, dass er nicht nach Dresden, sondern in die Partnerstadt Hamburg zur Gesellschaft für Zahn‐, Mund‐ und Kiefernheilkunde wollte. Danach begrüßte die vom TV‐Sender rbb bekannte Moderatorin Petra Gute die Gäste und führte fachlich äußerst versiert und sympathisch durch den Festakt.
Evolving the l-lysine high-producing strain of Escherichia coli using a newly developed high-throughput screening method
Authors: Wang Yan , Li Qinggang , Zheng Ping , Guo Yanmei , Wang Lixian , Zhang Tongcun , Sun Jibin , Ma Yanhe 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This study provided a new method which applied a selected l-lysine-inducible promoter for evolving lysine industrial strains of E. coli. According to the intracellular levels of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) whose expression was controlled by the promoter, 186 strains were preliminarily selected using fluorescence-activated cell sorting from a 10-million-mutant library generated from a l-lysine high-producing E. coli strain. By subsequent multiple parameter evaluation of the 186 selected strains according to the concentration and the yield of lysine, the productivity per unit of cell in 96-deep-well blocks, two mutants MU-1 and MU-2 were obtained. They produced 136.51 ± 1.55 and 133.2 9 ± 1.42 g/L of lysine, respectively, in 5-L jars. Compared with the lysine concentration and the yield of the original strain, those of strain MU-1 improved by 21.00 and 9.05 %, respectively, and those of strain MU-2 improved by 18.14 and 10.41 %, respectively. The mutant selection and evaluation system newly established in our study should be useful for continuous improvement of the current E. coli strains in the lysine industry.
Social stressors, coping behaviors, and depressive symptoms: A latent profile analysis of adolescents in military families
Authors: Okafor Ebony , Lucier‐Greer Mallory , Mancini Jay A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTWe investigated the relationship between context‐specific social stressors, coping behaviors, and depressive symptoms among adolescents in active duty military families across seven installations (three of which were in Europe) (N = 1036) using a person‐centered approach and a stress process theoretical framework. Results of the exploratory latent profile analysis revealed four distinct coping profiles: Disengaged Copers, Troubled Copers, Humor‐intensive Copers, and Active Copers. Multinomial logistic regressions found no relationship between military‐related stressors (parental separation, frequent relocations, and parental rank) and profile membership. Analysis of variance results revealed significant and meaningful differences between the coping profiles and depressive symptomology, specifically somatic symptoms, depressive affect, positive affect, and interpersonal problems. Post‐hoc analyses revealed that Active Copers, the largest profile, reported the fewest depressive symptoms. Accordingly, frequent use of diverse, active coping behaviors was associated with enhanced resilience. Discussion is provided regarding the promotion of adaptive coping behaviors within this developmental period and the context of military family life.
Influence of parity and sexual history on cytomegalovirus seroprevalence among women aged 20–49 years in the USA
Authors: Lanzieri Tatiana M. , Kruszon‐Moran Deanna , Gambhir Manoj , Bialek Stephanie R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the influence of parity, as a proxy for exposure to children, and sexual history on cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroprevalence.MethodsData were retrospectively analyzed from women aged 20–49 years who were tested for CMV immunoglobulin G antibodies in the 1999–2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative survey of the US population. Logistic regression was used to determine independent variables associated with CMV seroprevalence.ResultsAmong 3710 women, the age‐adjusted CMV seroprevalence was 61.3% (95% CI 58.9%–63.6%). In age‐adjusted univariate analysis, women who had given birth at least once had higher overall CMV seroprevalence (66.0%, 95% CI 63.1%–68.9%) than did those who had not given birth (49.0%, 95% CI 44.4%–53.7%; P < 0.001). In multivariate logistic analysis, higher CMV seroprevalence was independently associated with number of live births (each additional birth: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3), age at first sexual intercourse (< 18 vs ≥ 18 years: aOR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1–1.6), lifetime sexual partners (≥ 10 vs < 10: aOR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1–1.9), and herpes type 2 seropositivity (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5–2.6) after controlling for age, race/Hispanic origin, place of birth, poverty index, and education.ConclusionAmong US women of reproductive age, parity and sexual exposures were independently associated with increased CMV seroprevalence.
The World Health Organization Global Health Emergency Workforce: What Role Will the United States Play?
Authors: Burkle Frederick M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDuring the May 2016 World Health Assembly of 194 member states, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced the process of developing and launching emergency medical teams as a critical component of the global health workforce concept. Over 64 countries have either launched or are in the development stages of vetting accredited teams, both international and national, to provide surge support to national health systems through WHO Regional Organizations and the delivery of emergency clinical care to sudden-onset disasters and outbreak-affected populations. To date, the United States has not yet committed to adopting the emergency medical team concept in funding and registering an international field hospital level team. This article discusses future options available for health-related nongovernmental organizations and the required educational and training requirements for health care provider accreditation. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:531–535)
Challenges and opportunities to improve autism services in low-income countries: lessons from a situational analysis in Ethiopia
Authors: Tekola B. , Baheretibeb Y. , Roth I. , Tilahun D. , Fekadu A. , Hanlon C. , Hoekstra R. A. 
Published: July 2016

Background.Little has been reported about service provision for children with autism in low-income countries. This study explored the current service provision for children with autism and their families in Ethiopia, the existing challenges and urgent needs, and stakeholders’ views on the best approaches to further develop services.Methods.A situational analysis was conducted based on (i) qualitative interviews with existing service providers; (ii) consultation with a wider group of stakeholders through two stakeholder workshops; and (iii) information available in the public domain. Findings were triangulated where possible.Results.Existing diagnostic and educational services for children with autism are scarce and largely confined to Ethiopia's capital city, with little provision in rural areas. Families of children with autism experience practical and psychosocial challenges, including severe stigma. Informants further raised the lack of culturally and contextually appropriate autism instruments as an important problem to be addressed. The study informants and local stakeholders provided several approaches for future service provision expansion, including service decentralisation, mental health training and awareness raising initiatives.Conclusions.Services for children with autism in Ethiopia are extremely limited; appropriate care for these children is further impeded by stigma and lack of awareness. Ethiopia's plans to scale up mental healthcare integrated into primary care provide an opportunity to expand services for children with autism and other developmental disorders. These plans, together with the additional strategies outlined in this paper can help to address the current service provision gaps and may also inform service enhancement approaches in other low-income countries.
Rarefaction Effect on Gas Flow in Microchannels with Various Aspect Ratios
Authors: Huang C.-Y. , Li J.-S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of rarefaction on microchannel gas flow by measuring pressure profiles in microchannels with various aspect ratios. Pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) was applied in rectangular microchannels to obtain the global flow field by using detailed pressure data. The effect of rarefaction on the microchannel gas flow was clearly observed in the microchannels through the pressure data obtained using PSP measurements. A nonlinear pressure distribution was observed inside the microchannels, and this distribution decreased as the Knudsen number (Kn) increased because of the rarefaction effect. The dimensionless pressure deviation from the linear assumption dropped from 0.25 to 0 when the outlet Kn number increased to 0.066 in the 100-μm-wide microchannel, and the dimensionless location of the maximum deviation moved upstream because of the gaseous slip at the wall. The nonlinear pressure distribution also decreased in the 50-μm-wide microchannel as the outlet Kn number increased; however, the peak of the maximum deviation could no longer be identified because of the characteristic of the narrow channel.
Aptness and beauty in metaphor
Authors: MCQUIRE MARGUERITE , MCCOLLUM LAUREN , CHATTERJEE ANJAN 
Published: July 2016

abstractMetaphors are comparisons that link dissimilar conceptual domains. We hypothesized that the aptness of a metaphor is linked to the reader’s experience of beauty, and that age and expertise influence these aesthetic judgments. We had young adults, literary experts, and elderly adults rate metaphors for beauty or aptness. Experimental materials consisted of single-sentence novel metaphors whose familiarity, figurativeness, imageability, interpretability, and overall valence ratings were known. Results suggest that beauty and aptness of metaphors are linked for elderly adults but are orthogonal for young adults and literary experts. Elderly participants seem to conflate emotional content with aptness. Young adults are most swayed by a perceived feeling of familiarity when rating for aptness, but not for beauty. Literary experts are relatively unaffected by the psycholinguistic variables, suggesting an emotionally distanced approach to these sentences. Individual differences in literary training and life experience have varying effects on the aesthetic experience of metaphor in regard to beauty and aptness.