bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Place Attachment and Tourist Experience in the Context of Desert Tourism – the Case of Wadi Rum
Authors: Allan Mamoon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper aims to explore the relationship between tourist experience and place attachment in a desert tourism experience. The current study was carried out with a sample of international and domestic visitors in Wadi Rum, Southern Jordan. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the nearby constructs of the study units such as the four tourist experience dimensions (education, esthetics, entertainment, and escapism), and the two dimensional place attachments measures (place identity and place dependence). Moreover, the findings also indicate that education factor had a significantly positive relationship with place identity, and there was a significantly positive relationship between escapism factor and place dependence. The findings can be used to develop the tourist experience and place attachment in the context of desert tourism experience. They further help tourism destinations managers, planners and marketers to provide appropriate marketing strategies and enrich their offers to desert tourism participants.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous extract of dried Juglans regia green husk and examination of its biological properties
Authors: Abbasi Zahra , Feizi Sholeh , Taghipour Elham , Ghadam Parinaz 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have widespread applications. Recently, the synthesis of NPs using plant extract has attracted much attention. In this study, with an easy and rapid process at room temperature, AgNPs were produced by the aqueous extract of dried Juglans regia green husk, which is considered as a waste. The first sign of AgNPs synthesis was the color change of the sample from light green to yellowish brown. In addition, the production of AgNPs was examined by UV-Vis spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The antibacterial effect of AgNP on Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and anticoagulation activity were determined. Synthesized silver colloid had electromagnetic absorbance at approximately 450 nm. The hydrodynamic diameter of monodisperse AgNPs was approximately 67 nm. The face center cubic metallic silver, which was spherical in shape, was in the range 3–50 nm with the average size of 7 nm. The extract showed antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH). Phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars, proteins, ascorbic acid and carotenoids existing in the extract acted as reducing agents. AgNPs may be capped by biomolecules having O-H, C=O, N-H and other stabilizing functional groups.
The antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of Muscari neglectum flower ethanol extract
Authors: Mahboubi Mohaddese , Taghizadeh Mohsen 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Introduction:
Muscari neglectum has been used as food in some countries.

Objective: The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of M. neglectum were the subject of the study.

Methods: In this study, the total phenolic, flavonoid, monomeric anthocyanin contents, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of M. neglectum flowers ethanol extract were determined by different methods against some food poisoning microorganisms.

Results: Total phenolic, flavonoids and anthocyanin contents of the extract were 18.2, 0.94 and 0.11%, respectively. The IC50 for M. neglectum was higher than that of BHT. M. neglectum extract showed no inhibition zone (IZ) against Staphylococcus aureus and had small IZ against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Shigella flexneri and Escherichia coli had the higher IZ than the others. The lower MIC and MLC values were for C. albicans, followed by Sh. flexneri and E. coli. S. aureus had the higher MIC and MLC values than the others.

Conclusion: Therefore, the M. neglectum flower extract can be used as a natural preservative and coloring agent in foods as replacement of synthetic ones.
Solubility and solubilizing capabilities of aqueous solutions of Extractum Taraxaci e radix cum herba aqu. siccum in light of selected values of general Hildebrand-Scatchard-Fedors theory of solubility
Authors: Marczyński Zbigniew , Nowak Sławomira , Jambor Jerzy , Zgoda Marian Mikołaj 
Published: January 2017

Summary

Introduction: The general Hildebrand-Scatchard theory of solubility supplemented by Fedors’ solubility parameter

−

δ

1
2

$- \delta ^{{1 \over 2}} $

was used to estimate the real solubility by −log x2 (log of the mole fraction) of phytochemicals contained in Ext. Taraxaci e radix cum herba aqu. siccum. Surface activity of aqueous solution of extracts was determined and quantified – solubilizing capabilities of solutions of cexp. ≥cmc in relation to cholesterol particle size of Ø=1.00 mm, as well as of ketoprofen were defined.

Objective: The calculated value −log x2 collated with the polarity of extraction medium εM allows to estimate the optimal solubility of phytochemicals that determine the viscosity of the aqueous extract of dandelion and above all its surface activity and the ability to solubilize lipophilic therapeutic agents (ketoprofen).

Methods: Viscosity of water model solutions of dandelion extracts and exhibition solutions after the effective micellar solubilization of cholesterol and ketoprofen was measured using Ubbelohde viscometer in accordance with the Polish Standard. The surface tension of aqueous solutions of extract and exhibition solutions after solubilization of cholesterol and ketoprofen was measured according to the Polish Standard with stalagmometric method.

Results: The calculated factual solubility, and mainly the determined and calculated hydrodynamic size mean, that despite the complex structure of the micelle, it solubilizes cholesterol (granulometric grain of diameter Ø=1.00 mm) and ketoprofen (state of technological fragmentation) in equilibrium conditions. Equilibrium solubilization of ketoprofen also occurs in an environment of model gastric juice (0.1 mol HCl).

Conclusions: The obtained results indicate that after the administration (and/or dietary supplementation) with Ext. Taraxaci e radix cum herba aqu. siccum, the physiological parameters of gastric juice would not be measured and its presence (phytosurfactant) in the body of the duodenum (bile A) increases abilities of solubilizing lipophilic therapeutic agents and cholesterol accounting for its use in the treatment of liver diseases and cholesterol gall bladder stones.
Law regulations concerning food supplements, dietetic food and novel food containing herbal substances
Authors: Baraniak Justyna , Kujawski Radosław , Ożarowski Marcin 
Published: January 2017

Summary
Food supplements are concentrated sources of nutrients and/or other substances with a nutritional or physiological effect. However, they often contain herbal substances or their preparations. Food supplements belong to category of food and for that reason are regulated by food legislation. European Union regulations and directives established general directions for dietary supplements, dietetic food, which due to their special composition or manufacturing process are prepared for specific groups of people with special nutritional needs, and novel food/novel food ingredients to ensure product safety, suitability and appropriate consumer information.
Preparation of High Surface Area Activated Carbon from Spent Phenolic Resin by Microwave Heating and KOH Activation
Authors: Cheng Song , Zhang Libo , Zhang Shengzhou , Xia Hongying , Peng Jinhui 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe spent phenolic resin is as raw material for preparing high surface area activated carbon (HSAAC) by microwave-assisted KOH activation. The effects of microwave power, activation duration and impregnation ratio (IR) on the iodine adsorption capability and yield of HSAAC were investigated. The surface characteristics of HSAAC were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms, FTIR, SEM and TEM. The operating variables were optimized utilizing the response surface methodology (RSM) and were identified to be microwave power of 700 W, activation duration of 15 min and IR of 4, corresponding to a yield of 51.25 % and an iodine number of 2,384 mg/g. The pore structure parameters of the HSAAC, i. e., Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter were estimated to be 4,269 m2/g, 2.396 ml/g and 2.25 nm, respectively, under optimum conditions. The findings strongly support the feasibility of microwave-assisted KOH activation for preparation of HSAAC from spent phenolic resin.
Effects of Vacancy Concentration and Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Single-Crystal γ-TiAl Based on Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Ruicheng Feng , Hui Cao , Haiyan Li , Zhiyuan Rui , Changfeng Yan 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulation is used to analyze tensile strength and elastic modulus under different temperatures and vacancy concentrations. The effects of temperature and vacancy concentration on the mechanical properties of γ-TiAl alloy are investigated. The results show that the ultimate stress, ultimate strain and elastic modulus decrease nonlinearly with increasing temperature and vacancy concentration. As the temperature increases, the plastic of material is reinforced. The influence of temperature on strength and elastic modulus is larger than that of vacancy concentration. The evolution process of vacancy could be observed clearly. Furthermore, vacancies with different concentrations develop into voids first as a function of external forces or other factors, micro cracks evolve from those voids, those micro cracks then converge to a macro crack, and fracture will finally occur. The vacancy evolution process cannot be observed clearly owing to the thermal motion of atoms at high temperature. In addition, potential energy is affected by both temperature and vacancy concentration.
Evaluation of a community-based positive youth development program in Hong Kong: views of program implementers
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Ma Cecilia M.S. , Zhu Xiaoqin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUsing a subjective outcome evaluation method, the current study investigated program implementers’ perceptions of the Tier 1 Program of the community-based P.A.T.H.S. Project in Hong Kong. After completion of the program, 599 program implementers completed a valid and reliable scale (i.e. Form B) to give their ratings on program content, their own performance, and perceived program effectiveness. As expected, most program implementers perceived the program in a favorable way by giving very positive ratings on the three aspects measured in Form B. Grade differences on the ratings were observed, with implementers teaching the senior curriculum held more positive views on program effectiveness than did those teaching the junior curriculum. Similar to previous findings, perceived program content and perceived worker performance predicted program effectiveness. Findings of the present study provide further evidence for the success of the Tier 1 Program of the community-based P.A.T.H.S. Project in Hong Kong.
Changes of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Cranberries Subjected to Ultrasound Treatment
Authors: Nowacka Malgorzata , Fijalkowska Aleksandra , Wiktor Artur , Rybak Katarzyna , Dadan Magdalena , Witrowa-Rajchert Dorota 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of ultrasound treatment in osmotic solution, carried out at different time and solutions, on mechanical and thermal properties of cranberries. Ultrasound treatment was applied for 30 and 60 min in liquid mediums such as 61.5 % sucrose solution and 30 % sucrose solution with 0.1 % steviol glycosides addition. Before the ultrasound treatment samples were subjected to traditional operations (cutting, blanching). The traditional operations and ultrasonic treatment of whole fruits did not influence or slightly influenced dry matter content and mechanical properties. The cutting had impact on thermal properties to the highest extent due to the exposition of fruits’ flesh. The combination of cutting and sonication decreased thermal conductivity which suggests that mass transfer was more pronounced. The sonication had greater influence when compared to only ultrasonic treatment. Combined both cutting and blanching with ultrasonic treatment led to greater changes in cranberries properties.
Figures-of-Merit for the Technical Development and Application of Advanced Oxidation Processes
Authors: Bolton James R. , Bircher Keith G. , Tumas William , Tolman Chadwick A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAdvanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which involve the in-situ generation of highly potent chemical oxidants such as the hydroxyl radical (•OH), have recently emerged as an important class of technologies for accelerating the oxidation and hence destruction of a wide range of organic contaminants in polluted water and air. We propose generally applicable standard figures-of-merit for comparing these waste treatment technologies. These figures-of-merit are based on electrical energy consumption within two phenomenological kinetic order regimes: one for high contaminant concentrations (electrical energy per mass, EE/M) and one for low concentrations (electrical energy per order of magnitude per m
The GC-MS Analysis of Organic Intermediates from the TiO2 Photocatalytic Treatment of Water Contaminated by Lindane (1α,2α,3/3,4α,5α,6β- hexachlorocyclohexane)+
Authors: Guillard Chantal , Pichat Pierre , Huber Gaspard , Hoang-Van Can 
Published: January 2017

AbstractElimination from water of lindane, a common soil insecticide whose occurrence in groundwaters used as sources of drinking water is of great concern, was shown to be achieved by the TiO
Oxidative Degradation and Fluorescence of a Non-biodegradable Brightener via Titania Suspensions: Implications for the Natural Cycle
Authors: Bandara J. , Kiwi J. , Humphry-Baker R. , Pulgarin C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDegradation induced by light is presented for Tinopal DMS-X a stilbene type fluorescence whitening agent (FWA) which is quite resistant to biodegradation. This substance has been chosen for the study of the titania induced degradation of polycyclic stilbenes since it is one of the most important compound of its class found in a variety of washing effluents. TiO
Study at 20 kHz and 500 kHz of the Ultrasound-Ozone Advanced Oxidation System : 4-Nitrophenol Degradation
Authors: Barbier Philippe F. , Petrier Christian 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDegradation of organic compounds in aqueous medium by use of ozone can be improved with ultrasound. Using 4-nitrophenol as an example, it was evidenced that the ultrasonic frequency modifies the efficiency of the treatment. Determination of the total organic carbon during the course of the reaction indicates that yield are better when the medium is submitted to a 500 kHz irradiation than a 20 kHz one. This result is correlated to the better yields of H
Quantum Yields for the Photodegradation of Pollutants in Dilute Aqueous Solution: Phenol, 4-Chlorophenol and N-Nitrosodimethylamine
Authors: Ho Te-Fu L. , Bolton James R. , Lipczynska-Kochany Ewa 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA broadband method has been applied to determine the quantum yields for the photochemical removal of three common pollutants: phenol, 4-chlorophenol and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in dilute aqueous solution. Flash photolysis (xenon flash lamps) was used to cause a significant amount of photolysis without photolyzing intermediates. The analysis of reactant depletion following a single flash was carried out by high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or UV/visible absorption spectroscopy. The method for determining quantum-yields employed p-benzoquinone as an actinometer and was validated by determining the average (200-400 nm) quantum yield for the generation of hydroxyl radicals from the photolysis of hydrogen peroxide (0.90 ± 0.10) and the quantum yields for the photolysis of phenol (0.13 ± 0.02) and 4-chlorophenol (0.24 ± 0.04). The values determined agree very well with the literature ones obtained with monochromatic radiation. The quantum yield for the direct photolysis of NDMA was found to be 0.11 ± 0.03 at neutral pH and 0.27 ± 0.02 at pH 2-4. Under conditions where hydrogen peroxide is the principal absorber, the NDMA quantum yield is 0.32 ± 0.04, independent of pH in the range 2-8.
Economic Aspects of Integrated (Chemical + Biological) Processes for Water Treatment
Authors: Esplugas Santiago , Ollis David F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAdvanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) can provide complete mineralization of oxidizable, nonbiodegradable organic contaminants in water. However, a small AOP followed by a biological oxidation of contaminant partial oxidation intermediates may provide a less expensive, two-step mineralization process than use of a larger, single chemical step AOP for achieving any desired degreee of contaminant mineralization. We use a simple economic model to estimate how the relative, two-step process cost varies with (i) the required total process mineralization efficiency and (ii) the relative cost of the (photochemical AOP versus biological oxidation reactor. All circumstances considered indicate that a two step chemical plus biological process is less expensive than a single, chemical step. In order to test this outcome more substantially, the appearance of better literature economic estimates for individual chemical and biological oxidation processes will be required.
Relative Photonic Efficiencies and Quantum Yields in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
Authors: Serpone Nick 
Published: January 2017

AbstractQuantum yield and quantum efficiency (QY) as used in heterogeneous photocatalysis (solid/liquid or solid/gas systems) have too often been used incorrectly to mean the ratio of the rate of a given event to the rate of incident photons impinging on the (external) reactor walls, typicallyfor broadband radiation. There is little accord on how to express process efficiency. At times QY is defined, often ill-defined, and more frequently workers fail to describe how it was assessed. This has led to much confusion in the literature, not only because of its different meaning from homogeneous photochemistry but also because this method of describing photon efficiency precludes a comparison of results from different laboratories owing to variations in light sources, reactor geometries, and overall experimental conditions. It cannot be overemphasized that the reported QY is an apparent quantum yield, indeed a lower limit of the true quantum yield. This position paper addresses this issue and argues that any reference to quantum yields or quantum efficiencies in a heterogeneous medium is ill-advised unless the actual number of photons absorbed by the light harvester (the photocatalyst) has been determined. The extent of light scattering in a solid/liquid heterogeneous medium is significant. A practical and simple alternative to compare process efficiencies was recently (Serpone et al., J Photochem. Photobiol. A.Chem., 94 (1996) 191-203) suggested by defining a relative photonic efficiency (ζ
Combined Electron-Beam and Biological Purification of Industrial Wastewater from Surfactant
Authors: Pikaev A. K. , Kabakchi S. A. , Putilov A. V. , Kaipov L. I. , Vanyushkin B. M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe paper is a review of the results obtained in our laboratories from the study on the mechanism and technology of combined electron-beam and biological purification of industrial wastewater from non-biodegradable hard surfactants. They are a mixture of isomeric isobutylnaphthalene sulfonates which is known as nekal and is utilized as an emulsifier in the production of synthetic rubber, for example, at the Voronezh plant in Russia. The electron irradiation is used for the conversion of nekal to biodegradable products by the removal of alkyl or sulfonate groups from the molecule (with the formation of naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalenes and naphthalene). Different experimental techniques were applied to elucidate the mechanism of the respective radiation-induced processes. For example, it was found by pulse radiolysis that
Study of Volatile Organic Compounds Destruction by Dielectric Barrier Corona Discharge
Authors: Krasnoperov Lev N. , Krishtopa Larisa G. , Bozzelli Joseph W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn experimental and mechanistic study on the destruction of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs: Methane, Methyl Chloride, Chlorobenzene, Toluene, Methyl Ethyl Ketone, 1-Pentene and Cyclohexene) in 0.21: 0.79 oxygen-nitrogen mixture “zero air” over the concentration range of 5-100000 ppm by dielectric barrier corona discharge plasma was performed. Tubular-flow, coaxial-wire, AC-powered dielectric barrier corona discharge reactors were used to determine the kinetics of destruction, reaction products and electric power requirements. High efficiency VOC destruction/removal was demonstrated. Efficiency of destruction (calculated per unit volume of air) increases with decreasing VOC concentration. At low VOC concentrations (5-100 ppm) the energy required for destruction is 0.001- 0.1 J cm
UV/H2O2 Degradation and Toxicity Reduction of Textile Azo Dyes: Remazol Black-B, a Case Study
Authors: Ince Nilsun H. , . Stefan Mihaela I. , Bolton James R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe treatment of textile dyeing and finishing wastewaters by conventional methods, such as biological, physical and chemical processes or combinations thereof, are in common practice but have unique drawbacks, namely, a number of refractory chemicals in the effluents and difficulty in the complete removal of color. The study described herein is an investigation of an advanced oxidation treatment of a common azo dye, Remazol Black-B, widely used in textile dyeing and finishing operations. The investigation was focused on monitoring the degradation and toxicity reduction of an aqueous solution of the dye up to 30 min of treatment by a UV/H
Photocatalytic Inactivation of Different Bacteria and Bacteriophages in Drinking Water at Different TiO2 Concentration With or Without Exposure to O2
Authors: Armon R. , Narkis N. , Neeman I. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDuring the last decade the use of titanium dioxide has been the focus of water purification studies for photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds. However, the possible use of this technology for water disinfec­tion has been essentially unexplored. In our study U.V. black light (365 nm) at 5.5 mW cm
Photocatalytic Decomposition of Chlorinated Benzaldehydes in Aqueous Solution Using TiO2
Authors: Bekböle Miray , Getoff Nikola 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPhotocatalytic degradation of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzaldehydes (2-ClBzA, 3-ClBzA and 4-ClBzA) in aqueous solution was investigated in the presence of TiO