bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Universal Ni‐Mo‐Mg catalysts combined with carbon blacks for the preparation of carbon nanotubes from polyolefins
Authors: Cui Jinxian , Tan Shengnan , Song Rongjun 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTPlastics used as carbon source present a sustainable and environmentally benign route for the preparation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs); however, the current catalysts basically take effect on a certain type of plastics. Herein, a significantly universal carbonization performance of Ni‐Mo‐Mg catalysts has been created for polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and their blends with the highest CNT yields of 26.24%, 28.36%, 18.39%, and 31.66%. With the further introduction of a universal synergistic agent (nanosized carbon black), the maximum CNT yields of 53.56%, 65.95%, 41.85%, and 59.83% from PP, PE, PS, and their blends were achieved, respectively. The morphology, microstructure, and the graphitization of above CNTs were measured by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffractometer, Raman spectroscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscope. Results demonstrated that the addition of carbon black could further improve the morphology of CNTs and enhance the graphitization of CNTs. Within three polyolefins, the PS offered the highest graphitization of CNTs. Finally, the highly universal carbonization performance of Ni‐Mo‐Mg catalysts and the universal synergistic effect were also discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44647.
BRDF and its Impact on Aerial Archaeological Photography
Authors: Verhoeven Geert 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDespite the arguments in favour of oblique photographs acquired during observer‐directed reconnaissance sorties, many aerial archaeologists have extracted much valuable information from verticals generated during total coverage mapping surveys. This paper looks at one of these arguments: the issue of anisotropic surface reflectance, which is responsible for the allegedly superior rendering of (mainly) vegetation and shadow marks when observed from certain oblique viewpoints. However, after a theoretical and practical assessment of the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of vegetation, it becomes clear that nadir views provide a more than satisfying alternative to the extremes of an oblique approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early Mortality in a Multinational Systemic Sclerosis Inception Cohort
Authors: Hao Yanjie , Hudson Marie , Baron Murray , Carreira Patricia , Stevens Wendy , Rabusa Candice , Tatibouet Solene , Carmona Loreto , Joven Beatriz E. , Huq Molla , Proudman Susanna , Nikpour Mandana ,   the Canadian Scleroderma Research Group,   the Australian Scleroderma Interest Group
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveTo determine mortality and causes of death in a multinational inception cohort of subjects with systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsWe quantified mortality as standardized mortality ratio (SMR), years of life lost, and percentage mortality in the first decade of disease. The inception cohort comprised subjects recruited within 4 years of disease onset. For comparison, we used a prevalent cohort, which included all subjects irrespective of disease duration at recruitment. We determined a single primary cause of death (SSc related or non–SSc related) using a standardized case report form, and we evaluated predictors of mortality using multivariable Cox regression.ResultsIn the inception cohort of 1,070 subjects, there were 140 deaths (13%) over a median follow‐up of 3.0 years (interquartile range 1.0–5.1 years), with a pooled SMR of 4.06 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.39–4.85), up to 22.4 years of life lost in women and up to 26.0 years of life lost in men, and mortality in the diffuse disease subtype of 24.2% at 8 years. In the prevalent cohort of 3,218 subjects, the pooled SMR was lower at 3.39 (95% CI 3.06–3.71). In the inception cohort, 62.1% of the primary causes of death were SSc related. Malignancy, sepsis, cerebrovascular disease, and ischemic heart disease were the most common non–SSc‐related causes of death. Predictors of early mortality included male sex, older age at disease onset, diffuse disease subtype, pulmonary arterial hypertension, and renal crisis.ConclusionEarly mortality in SSc is substantial, and prevalent cohorts underestimate mortality in SSc by failing to capture early deaths, particularly in men and those with diffuse disease.
High‐Titer Rheumatoid Arthritis Antibodies Preferentially Bind Fibrinogen Citrullinated by Peptidylarginine Deiminase 4
Authors: Blachère Nathalie E. , Parveen Salina , Frank Mayu O. , Dill Brian D. , Molina Henrik , Orange Dana E. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveMost patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) harbor antibodies to citrullinated autoantigens such as citrullinated fibrinogen. Two isoforms of peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD), PAD type 2 (PAD2) and PAD4, which catalyze citrullination with different substrate specificities, can be detected in the synovium of RA patients. This study was undertaken to determine whether RA antibodies preferentially bind PAD2‐ or PAD4‐citrullinated fibrinogen.MethodsRA patient and normal donor plasma specimens were tested for binding to PAD2‐ or PAD4‐citrullinated fibrinogen, native fibrinogen, or citrullinated fibrinogen peptides in various dilutions by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. Bands corresponding to masses demonstrating RA antibody reactivity by Western blotting were excised and analyzed by mass spectrometry.ResultsAt low antibody titers (1:40 and 1:100), there was no significant difference between RA antibody reactivity to PAD2‐ and PAD4‐citrullinated fibrinogen. When plasma was further diluted to 1:250 and 1:1,000, RA patient plasma bound PAD4‐citrullinated fibrinogen significantly more than PAD2‐citrullinated fibrinogen, as measured by ELISA and Western blotting. An increased antibody titer was associated with increased avidity for both PAD2‐ and PAD4‐citrullinated fibrinogen. Both enzymes hypercitrullinated fibrinogen, but PAD4 citrullinated arginines more intermittently, generating a mix of citrullinated and noncitrullinated arginines. Peptide ELISA and preadsorption assays confirmed that the region of intermittent citrullination accounts for the majority of RA antibody binding to the β‐chain of citrullinated fibrinogen.ConclusionAt high titers, RA antibodies preferentially bind fibrinogen modified by PAD4, because intermittent citrullination offers a more diverse assortment of citrullinated epitopes.
High Power Efficiency Blue‐to‐Green Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Isonicotinonitrile‐Based Fluorescent Emitters
Authors: Sasabe Hisahiro , Onuma Natsuki , Nagai Yuji , Ito Takashi , Kido Junji 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHerein, 9,10‐dihydro‐9,9‐dimethylacridine (Ac) or phenoxazine (PXZ)‐substituted isonicotinonitrile (INN) derivatives, denoted as 2AcINN, 26AcINN, and 26PXZINN, were developed as a series of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. These emitters showed reasonably high photoluminescence quantum yields of 71–79 % in the host films and high power efficiency organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Sky‐blue emitter 26AcINN exhibited a low turn‐on voltage of 2.9 V, a high external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 22 %, and a high power efficiency (ηp) of 66 lm W−1 with Commission Internationale de l′Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of (0.22, 0.45), whereas green emitter 26PXZINN exhibited a low turn‐on voltage of 2.2 V, a high ηext of 22 %, and a high ηp of 99 lm W−1 with CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.37, 0.58). These performances are among the best for TADF OLEDs to date.
Differential Accumulation of Volatile Organic Compounds by Leaves and Roots of Two Guianese Philodendron Species, P. fragrantissimum Kunth and P. melinonii Brongn.
Authors: Joffard Nina , Legendre Laurent , Gibernau Marc , Pascal Laurence 
Published: December 2016

Leaf and root essential oils of two closely related but ecologically distant Philodendron species were extracted in natural conditions in French Guiana and analysed by GC/MS to i) describe the blends of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by those species and ii) analyse species and environment‐based variations in extracts composition. A total of 135 VOCs were detected with a majority of aliphatic sesquiterpenes. P. fragrantissimum produced mainly β‐bisabolene (on average 29.12% of the extract) as well as α‐ and β‐selinene (14.52% and 17.50%, respectively) while in P. melinonii, four aliphatic sesquiterpenes could alternatively be the main component: (E)‐β‐farnesene (up to 91.42% of the extract), germacrene‐D (73.74%), β‐caryophyllene (51.63%) and trans‐α‐bergamotene (41.26%). A significant effect of species and organs on extracts composition was observed while the environment (sun exposure) only affected the relative proportions of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes in roots of P. melinonii. These results are discussed in the light of the potential role of leaf and root terpenes in Philodendron species.
Long‐term outcomes of rotational atherectomy for the percutaneous treatment of chronic total occlusions
Authors: Azzalini Lorenzo , Dautov Rustem , Ojeda Soledad , Serra Antonio , Benincasa Susanna , Bellini Barbara , Giannini Francesco , Chavarría Jorge , Gheorghe Livia L. , Pan Manuel , Carlino Mauro , Colombo Antonio , Rinfret Stéphane 
Published: December 2016

Objectives. To study the long‐term outcomes of rotational atherectomy (RA) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Background. There is little evidence on the incidence, procedural results and long‐term outcomes of RA for CTO PCI.Methods. This registry included data from consecutive patients undergoing CTO PCI at four specialized centers. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE: cardiac death, target‐vessel myocardial infarction and ischemia‐driven target‐vessel revascularization) on follow‐up were the primary endpoint.Results. A total of 1003 patients were included. Of these, 35 (3.5%) required RA. As compared with Conventional PCI, RA patients were older (68.9 ± 9.5 vs. 64.6 ± 10.7 years, P = 0.02), had higher prevalence of diabetes (58% vs. 37%, P = 0.01) and of a J‐CTO score ≥2 (80% vs. 58%, P = 0.009), driven by severe calcification. Antegrade wire escalation was used more frequently in RA (74% vs. 53%, P = 0.08). RA was performed for balloon failure‐to‐cross in 51% and failure‐to‐expand in 49%. One burr was utilized in 86%. The 1.25‐mm burr was the largest burr used in 43%. Slow flow/no‐reflow was observed in 17%. No other serious RA‐related complications were observed. Procedural success was 77% vs. 89% (P = 0.04) in RA vs. Conventional PCI. After a mean follow‐up of 658 ± 412 days, MACE rates were similar between groups (15% vs. 13%, P = 0.70).Conclusions. The use of RA in CTO PCI was safe, despite a worse patient risk profile and higher procedural complexity, as compared with conventional techniques. Although procedural success was lower in the RA group, there were no differences in long‐term clinical outcomes between groups. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Catalytic Tar Removal from Bio‐Syngas via Oxidation on Metal Oxide Catalysts
Authors: Dörr Timo B. , Schmidt Sabine , Drochner Alfons , Vogel Herbert 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTo diversify energy sources and to address the impacts of global warming, the transformation of biomass, a renewable energy source, into fuels and chemicals is becoming increasingly necessary. The gasification technology is an efficient way of converting biomass via syngas into sustainable fuels. By‐products, especially tar, are formed during the gasification process and need to be removed before further downstream processing. Mo/V/W‐mixed oxides were found to be applicable for the catalytic tar oxidation in CO/H2 atmosphere by adding a stoichiometric amount of oxygen. In temperature‐programmed experiments the reactivity of different tar model compounds during the selective oxidation on Mo/V/W‐mixed oxides as well as the catalytic performances of V2O5, WO3, and MoO3 during the tar oxidation were investigated.
An Energy‐Efficient Crude Distillation Unit with a Prefractionator
Authors: Kim Young Han 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn energy‐efficient crude distillation unit (CDU) was proposed, and its performance was evaluated and compared with that of a conventional CDU. The problem of the large energy demand associated with the single‐column operation of a conventional CDU was solved with a two‐column operation – a prefactionator and a main column – in the proposed CDU. The two‐column operation reduces feed‐tray mixing, and thus raises the thermodynamic efficiency of the CDU. The proposed unit has reduced heating and cooling duty compared with that of the conventional unit. The proposed unit also has fewer investment and utility costs. Vapor and liquid flow connections between the two columns are readily available by adjusting the difference in column operating pressure.
Engineering of Cellobiose Dehydrogenases for Improved Glucose Sensitivity and Reduced Maltose Affinity
Authors: Ortiz Roberto , Rahman Mahbubur , Zangrilli Beatrice , Sygmund Christoph , Micheelsen Pernille O. , Silow Maria , Toscano Miguel D. , Ludwig Roland , Gorton Lo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) is a fungal extracellular flavocytochrome capable of direct electron transfer (DET). Unlike other CDHs, the pH optimum for CDHs from Corynascus thermophilus (CtCDH) and Humicola insolens (HiCDH) is close to the human physiological pH in blood (7.4). These are, therefore, interesting candidates for glucose measurements in human blood and the application in enzymatic fuel cells is, however, limited by their relatively low activity with this substrate. In this work, the substrate specificities of CtCDH and HiCDH have been altered by a single cysteine to tyrosine substitution in the active sites of CtCDH (position 291) and HiCDH (position 285), which resulted in improved kinetic constants with glucose while decreasing the activity with several disaccharides, including maltose. The DET properties of the generated CDH variants were tested in the absence and in the presence of substrates, on graphite electrodes and thiolic self‐assembled monolayer (SAM)‐modified Au electrodes. Seven different thiols with different spacer lengths were used, containing ‐COOH, ‐OH, and ‐NH2 end groups. The length and head functionality of the thiol govern the efficiency of the DET reaction and indicate different DET properties of CtCDH and HiCDH
Manipulation of Push–Pull System by Functionalization of Porphyrin at β‐Position for High‐Performance Solution‐Processable Ternary Resistive Memory Devices
Authors: Chan Hing , Lee Sai‐Ho , Poon Chun‐Ting , Ng Maggie , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThrough tailoring substituents at β‐positions of NiII porphyrin complexes in a push–pull system, multilevel resistive memory devices with high performance have been realized via solution‐processing fabrications. Promising ternary resistive memory behavior has been demonstrated by distinct “OFF”, “ON1” and “ON2” conductivity states with current ratios of 1:104:107, together with low first switching voltage (VTh1=2.1 V), well‐differentiable second threshold voltage (VTh2=3.1 V), low power consumption reading bias (1.0 V) as well as long retention time (>104 seconds), revealing their potential application in the field of ultra high‐density data storage. In contrast to the push–pull system, only a binary logic gate is found in push only or pull only complexes. The present study may provide a new design strategy and inspiration for the development of multistate memory devices through push–pull systems of this type.
Photoinduced Charge Separation Catalyzed by Manganese Oxides onto a Y‐Shaped Branching Acceptor Efficiently Preventing Charge Recombination
Authors: Yamamoto Kentaro , Takatsuka Kazuo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA full‐dimensional nonadiabatic electron wavepacket study is performed on Mn oxide catalytic charge separation to be created on an accepting molecular system, which is of Y‐shaped structure and has a track‐branching function for protons and electrons. This branching is necessary in cases in which the transferred electrons and protons are to be eventually carried to mutually different destinations without quick annihilation of the created pair (charge separation). However, as a result of the larger size of such a branched acceptor, the distance between the Mn oxide and the acceptor is so great that it is far from obvious whether an electron is successfully delivered through conical intersections. It is shown here that this can actually occur.
Contribution of Interpersonal Problems to Eating Disorder Psychopathology via Negative Affect in Treatment‐seeking Men and Women: Testing the Validity of the Interpersonal Model in an Understudied Population
Authors: Ivanova Iryna V. , Tasca Giorgio A. , Proulx Geneviève , Bissasda Hany 
Published: December 2016

Research on the psychosocial correlates and theoretical frameworks of men presenting with eating disorders (ED) psychopathology is limited. This study compared treatment‐seeking men and women in terms of their levels of interpersonal functioning (affiliation and dominance), regulation of negative emotions (negative affect and instability) and ED psychopathology. The study also investigated the validity of the interpersonal model of ED in men. Results from the cross‐sectional data of 388 participants (137 men and 251 women) demonstrated that the structural models fit and that paths were invariant across men and women. There were significant indirect effects of interpersonal functioning on ED psychopathology, mediated through negative affect and instability, for both men and women. Negative affect and instability partially explain the relationship between interpersonal problems and ED psychopathology in treatment‐seeking men and women. Current findings highlight the need to evaluate the validity of the model using longitudinal designs to test whether men and women are likely to benefit equally from interpersonal therapies for ED. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Negative affect and instability mediated the relationship between interpersonal problems and eating disorder psychopathology for treatment‐seeking men and women.
There were no gender differences between levels of negative affect, emotional instability and interpersonal dysfunction, but women reported slightly higher eating concerns than men.
Interpersonal model is a framework that is applicable to understanding and potentially treating men with eating disorders.
Safety and efficacy of nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in diabetic patients with atrial fibrillation: A study‐level meta‐analysis of phase III randomized trials
Authors: Patti Giuseppe , Di Gioia Giuseppe , Cavallari Ilaria , Nenna Antonio 
Published: December 2016

SummaryIn patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), the safety and efficacy of nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) vs warfarin according to diabetes mellitus (DM) status are not completely characterized. We performed a meta‐analysis to clarify whether in these patients the strategy of oral anticoagulation should be tailored to diabetes status. In this study‐level meta‐analysis, we included 4 randomized phase III trials comparing NOACs and warfarin in patients with nonvalvular AF; a total of 18 134 patients with DM and 40 454 without DM were overall considered. Incidence of the following outcome measures was evaluated during the follow‐up: stroke or systemic embolism, ischemic stroke, major bleeding, intracranial bleeding, and vascular death. Use of NOACs compared with warfarin reduced stroke/systemic embolism in diabetic (Risk Ratios [RR] 0.80, 95% CI 0.68‐0.93; P = .004) and nondiabetic patients (RR 0.83, 0.73‐0.93; P = .001) (P for interaction .72). No interaction between diabetes status and benefits of NOACs was found for the occurrence of ischemic stroke, major bleeding, or intracranial bleeding (P for interaction >.05 for each comparison). Reduction of vascular death rates with NOACs was significant in diabetic patients (4.97% vs 5.99% with warfarin; RR 0.83, 0.72‐0.96; P = .01), in whom absolute the reduction of this outcome measure was higher than in nondiabetics (1.02% vs 0.27%), although no interaction was present (P = .23). Results of this meta‐analysis support the safety and efficacy of NOACs compared with warfarin in diabetic patients with nonvalvular AF.
Cardiovascular risk factors and incident albuminuria in screen‐detected type 2 diabetes
Authors: Webb D.R. , Zaccardi F. , Davies M.J. , Griffin S.J. , Wareham N.J. , Simmons R.K. , Rutten G.E. , Sandbaek A. , Lauritzen T. , Borch‐Johnsen K. , Khunti K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundIt is unclear whether cardiovascular risk factor modification influences the development of renal disease in people with type 2 diabetes identified through screening. We determined predictors of albuminuria 5 years after a diagnosis of screen‐detected diabetes within the ADDITION‐Europe study, a pragmatic cardiovascular outcome trial of multifactorial cardiovascular risk management.MethodsIn 1826 participants with newly diagnosed, screen‐detected diabetes without albuminuria, we explored associations between risk of new albuminuria (≥2.5 mg mmol‐1 for males and ≥3.5 mg mmol‐1 for females) and (1) baseline cardio‐metabolic risk factors and (2) changes from baseline to 1 year in systolic blood pressure (ΔSBP) and glycated haemoglobin (ΔHbA1c) using logistic regression.ResultsAlbuminuria developed in 268 (15%) participants; baseline body mass index and active smoking were independently associated with new onset albuminuria in 5 years after detection of diabetes. In a model adjusted for age, gender, baseline HbA1c and blood pressure, a 1% decrease in HbA1c and 5‐mm Hg decrease in SBP during the first year were independently associated with lower risks of albuminuria (odds ratio), 95% confidence interval: 0.76, 0.62 to 0.91 and 0.94, 0.88 to 1.01, respectively. Further adjustment did not materially change these estimates. There was no interaction between ΔSBP and ΔHbA1c in relation to albuminuria risk, suggesting likely additive effects on renal microvascular disease.ConclusionsBaseline measurements and changes in HbA1c and SBP a year after diagnosis of diabetes through screening independently associate with new onset albuminuria 4 years later. Established multifactorial treatment for diabetes applies to cases identified through screening.
Genetic variation in resistance to leaf fungus indirectly affects spider density
Authors: Slinn Heather L. , Barbour Matthew A. , Crawford Kerri M. , Rodriguez‐Cabal Mariano A. , Crutsinger Gregory M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMany host‐plants exhibit genetic variation in resistance to pathogens; however, little is known about the extent to which genetic variation in pathogen resistance influences other members of the host‐plant community, especially arthropods at higher trophic levels. We addressed this knowledge gap by using a common garden experiment to examine whether genotypes of Populus trichocarpa varied in resistance to a leaf‐blistering pathogen, Taphrina sp., and in the density of web‐building spiders, the dominant group of predatory arthropods. In addition, we examined whether variation in spider density was explained by variation in the density and size of leaf blisters caused by Taphrina. We found that P. trichocarpa genotypes exhibited strong differences in their resistance to Taphrina and that P. trichocarpa genotypes that were more susceptible to Taphrina supported more web‐building spiders, the dominant group of predatory arthropods. We suspect that this result is caused by blisters increasing the availability of suitable habitat for predators, and not due to variation in herbivores because including herbivore density as a covariate did not affect our models. Our study highlights a novel pathway by which genetic variation in pathogen resistance may affect higher trophic levels in arthropod communities.