bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does macular pigment optical density really matter in children?
Authors: Erkan Turan K. , Cankaya A.B. , Taylan Sekeroglu H. , Inam O. , Karahan S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in healthy children and to compare with strabismic children.MethodsThe study included 54 healthy children and 41 children with strabismus. All underwent ophthalmological evaluation, macular pigment optical density measurement (Macular Densitometer, Macular Metrics II, Rehoboth, MA, USA) and questionnaire about food habits. Children with strabismus were graded in terms of fixation preference. Gestational age, birth weight and body mass index of the participants were matched.ResultsThe mean age was 9.87 ± 2.39 years in healthy children and 9.07 ± 2.07 years in children with strabismus (p > 0.05). Mean MPOD was 0.23 ± 0.25 in healthy eyes and 0.25 ± 0.27 in non‐preferred eyes of strabismic children (p > 0.05). MPOD was significantly higher in preferred eyes of strabismic children (0.43 ± 0.34, p = 0.001). There was a significant difference of MPOD between both eyes in patients with different grades of fixation as patients with grade 1, 2, 3 preference had interocular difference of MPOD whereas patients with grade 4 preference (free alternation) had similar MPOD in both eyes (p = 0.008). No relation between MPOD and age, food habits, gestational age, birth weight and body mass index was demonstrated. Furthermore, interocular visual acuity difference, type of strabismus and angle of deviation were found to have no effect on MPOD.ConclusionsPreferred eyes of children with strabismus seem to have higher MPOD compared to non‐preferred eyes. This difference may emerge from the higher tendency of pushing the button while preferred eye is under testing. Similar MPOD in healthy and non‐preferred eyes remain unexplained and deserve further investigation. This result should been enlightened and it should be kept in mind that MPOD measurement require good cooperation and its results should be carefully interpreted.
Two novel KERA mutations causing cornea plana in a Czech family and associated phenotypes
Authors: Skalická P. , Dudakova L. , Liskova P. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo identify the molecular genetic cause in a previously not reported Czech family with the occurrence of cornea plana in two siblings.MethodsDetailed ophthalmological examination and direct sequencing of the KERA coding region in the proband followed by target analysis of the identified mutations in other family members.ResultsThe family was not aware of any consanguinity. Compound heterozygosity for a novel missense mutation c.209C>T; p.(Pro70Leu) and a novel splice site mutation c.887‐1G>A in KERA were detected in both affected individuals. The mother was a heterozygous carrier of c.887‐1G>A and the father of c.209C>T. In silico analysis supported the pathogenicity of both mutations. The younger brother, aged 13 years, had typical ocular phenotype of cornea plana with keratometry readings bellow 30 D, shallow anterior chamber, indistinct limbus and central corneal opacity. Corneal endothelial cell morphology was normal in the right eye; in the left eye specular microscopy images could not be taken. In the older brother, aged 20 years, marked thinning with protrusion in the superior part of the left cornea was present resulting into mean keratometry of 47.2 D. No corneal endothelial cell pathology was observed by specular microscopy bilaterally.ConclusionsThe identification of two novel heterozygous mutations in the second Czech family with cornea plana does not support the hypothesis of a founder effect. Marked corneal thinning and protrusion in cornea plana is a very rare finding and longitudinal follow‐up evaluation needs to be performed to determine its possible progressivity.
Primary intraocular lymphoma and flow cytometry analysis of the vitreous – a case report
Authors: Romanowska Dixon B. , Karska Basta I. , Kubicka‐Trzaska A. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo present a case of chronic bilateral uveitis which preceded diagnosis of B‐cell intraocular lymphoma based on the results of a vitreous flow cytometry analysis.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective and interventional case report.ResultsA 46‐year‐old woman was admitted to the Department of Ophthalmology of Jagiellonian University in Krakow witha 6‐months history of deterioration of vision in both eyes. Clinical examination showed the presence of bilateral chronic uveitis with the presence of subretinal multiple yellow lesions. The standard screening panel laboratory tests for uveitis showed no pathology. MRI of a central nervous system was within normal limits. Because of no improvement in BCVA andthe presence of active intraocular inflammation inspite of long‐term systemic steroids and immunosuppressant therapy a diagnostic 25G pars planavitrectomy was performed. A 1.5 cc of non‐diluted vitreous was taken and analyzed using a flow‐cytometry. The cytometric analysis of the vitreous aspirate showed the presence of 67.5% of lymphocyte B population (CD3+; CD2+, CD5+; CD7+, CD45RO+; CD38+, HLADR+/−; CD45RA−) with CD4/CD8 = 8.5. The diagnosis of B‐cell lymphoma was established.ConclusionsFlow cytometry analysis of vitreous aspirate may be a precious diagnostic tool in unclear clinical cases of intraocular inflammation, in eyes suspected for intraocular neoplastic process.
Outer retinal reflectivity on En‐face OCT as a new tool to detect early stage hydroxychloroquine maculopathy
Authors: Viotte A. , Bigan G. , Flores M. , Girard C. , Delbosc B. , Saleh M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeHydroxychloroquine (HCQ) maculopathy can cause irreversible vision loss. Alteration of the parafoveal photoreceptors has been reported to be one of the earliest histopathological sign. The relationship between the ellipsoid zone reflectivity and cone density was recently demonstrated. The main objective of the study was to measure the outer retinal reflectivity in patients taking a HCQ regimen without proven toxicity on routine screening tests. The second objective was to investigate the relationship between the reflectivity measured and the screening tests outcomes.MethodsConsecutive patients visiting for HCQ toxicity screening in the Besançon University Hospital were included. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmic examination with a 10‐degrees automated perimetry (with measurement of the foveal threshold and the mean 2–5°), fundus autofluorescence, multifocal electroretinogram (with measurement of N1, P1 and N2 amplitudes in a 2–5° range) and spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography with en‐face reconstruction of the ellipsoid zone and the retinal pigment epithelium (with measurement of the absolute reflectivity expressed in greyscale in the 2–5° range).Results76 eyes were studied (39 patients). None of them displayed a toxic maculopathy. The cumulative dose for HCQ ranged from 24 to 2,400 g (706 g ± 620). Bivariate analysis showed a decreased in ellipsoid reflectivity with escalating cumulative doses of HCQ (linear regression, p < 0.0001, r²: 0.3). Reflectivity was also correlated with N1, P1 and N2 amplitudes (p < 0.05). Finally, reflectivity was statistically correlated with 5 degrees threshold perimetry (p < 0.005).ConclusionsParafoveolar ellipsoid reflectivity with en face OCT could be a rapid, repeatable and quantifiable biomarker allowing to detect the HCQ maculopathy earlier than any other screening method currently used.
Introducing and measuring cornea and sclera deformability parameters on the basis of Schiøtz tonometry: mathematical modeling and clinical evaluation in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG)
Authors: Iomdina E.N. , Lyubimov G. , Moiseeva I. , Stein A. , Kiseleva O. , Archakov A. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo obtain additional information on the biomechanical status of the eyeball on the basis of static loading by the Schiøtz tonometer, to be applied to POAG.MethodsEarlier, we proposed a mechanically correct theory of Schiøtz tonometry, which represents the eyeball as a shell characterized by two elastic constants separately responsible for the cornea and the sclera properties, and used the theory here. We examined 41 patients (43 eyes) aged 55–72 (mean age 64 ± 4.0 years) with non‐operated POAG, including 20 eyes with early and 23 eyes with advanced stage of POAG. 15 patients with no eye pathology of the same age group served as control. The examination included differential Schiøtz tonometry using a GlauTest 60 tonograph.ResultsApplicability limits are estimated for the standard relations used in processing the clinical data. Based on differential tonometry, we introduced a coefficient γ, equal to the ratio of the IOP difference to the plunger weight difference, and looked at how γ depends on the cornea and sclera stiffness and the true IOP. The γ coefficient, which mainly characterizes the scleral rigidity, was determined at 1.65 ± 0.25 mm Hg/g for the early stage of POAG and 1.88 ± 0.13 mm Hg/g for the advanced POAG stage, with a control group average of 1.47 ± 0.10 mm Hg/g (p < 0.05). On average, γ was 27% greater for the POAG patients, whereas the mean Friedenwald's rigidity coefficient only differed from the norm by 7%.ConclusionsChanges in the mechanical parameter proposed testify to changes in the elastic characteristics of the eyeball in POAG. The coefficient γ reflects individual abnormalities of the biomechanical status of the sclera for the glaucomatous eye more adequately than Friedenwald's rigidity coefficient. Practical recommendations are proposed.The study was supported by RFBR (project No. 14‐01‐00475).
MiRNA‐126 regulation in corneal neovascularization
Authors: Zhang H. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryA microRNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small non‐coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) that functions in RNA silencing and post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs derive from regions of RNA transcripts that fold back on themselves to form short hairpins and resemble the small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. The human genome may encode over 1,000 miRNAs, which appear to target about 60% of the genes of humans and other mammals. A miRNA is complementary to the 3′ UTR of one or more messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and has post translational regulation of the mRNAs. MiRNAs are known to be involved in the normal functioning of eukaryotic cells as well as many diseases. However, little is known about the role of microRNA in ocular diseases. We tested the microRNA expression in both corneal neovacualrization patients and animal models.
Normative values of retinal vessel oximetry in healthy children against adults
Authors: Waizel M. , Kazerounian S. , Türksever C. , Todorova M.G. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeRetinal oximetry (RO) has been established as a non‐invasive method to analyze oxygen saturation in retinal vessels. The aim of our study was to compare metabolic (oxygen saturation) and anatomical (retinal vessel diameter) RO parameters of healthy children against adults.MethodsA total of 157 eyes of 79 healthy subjects were examined: 20 eyes of children (7–18 year) were compared to adults of different age groups [20–29 year (n = 16); 30–39 year (n = 46); 40–49 year (n = 38); 50–59 year (n = 25), 60–87 year (n = 12)]. RO was performed with the oxygen saturation measurement tool of the Retinal Vessel Analyser (RVA; IMEDOS Systems UG, Jena, Germany). The oxygen saturation in all four major peripapillary retinal arterioles (A‐SO2) and venules (V‐SO2) were measured and their difference (A‐V SO2) was calculated. In addition, we evaluated the corresponding diameter in retinal arterioles (D‐A) and venules (D‐V). For statistical evaluation non‐parametric tests (Friedman test for multiple comparisons, paired Wilcoxon rank sum test for pairwise comparisons) were performed.ResultsChildren showed statistically significant lower arterial oxygen saturation values (A‐SO2) compared to all adult subgroups (Friedman test, p = 0.0005). Although not statistically significant, the values of V‐SO2 (p = 0.06) and A‐V SO2 (p = 0.30) showed a trend to be lower in children. The D‐A (p = 0.49) and D‐V (p = 0.82) values were not significantly different between groups.ConclusionsThese data indicate that the retinal oxygen metabolism changes throughout lifetime. Therefore, normative data for different age groups are mandatory.
Ultrafiltration rate in hemodialysis does not affect mean ocular perfusion pressure or intraocular pressure in end‐stage renal disease
Authors: Leal I. , Cordeiro Sousa D. , Couceiro R. , Bigotte Vieira M. , Noélia L. , Resina C. , Neves F. , Gomes da Costa A. , Pinto F. , Marques‐Neves C. , Proença H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeUltrafiltration rate (UFR), the rate at which fluid is removed during hemodialysis (HD), has been increasingly recognized as a potential modifiable cardiovascular risk factor in HD patients. High UFR has been shown to promote non‐physiological fluid shifts and hemodynamic instability, which may contribute to tissue ischemia. Our goal was to evaluate if changes in mean ocular pressure perfusion (MOPP) and intraocular pressure (IOP) could be related to UFR.MethodsProspective cohort study including 16 eyes of 16 black patients (8 women) with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) under HD. Haemodynamic data and IOP (measured with Tonopen®) were obtained 1 h before and after HD. MOPP was calculated as MOPP = 2/3(MAP) − IOP. STATA v.13.0 was used as statistical package and a p‐value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsMean age of ESRD patients was 46.81 ± 7.72 [range 28–60] years. The mean time under HD was 17.38 ± 14.67 months. MOPP before and after HD were 52.7 ± 13.0 and 51.4 ± 13.1 mmHg, respectively. The difference between MOPP before and after HD was not statistically significant (p = 0.15). UFR applied to these patients was 673.6 ± 198.7 [range 250–1000] ml/h. When applying a regression model, this difference in MOPP was not associated with the UFR (p = 0.56), in both crude and adjusted analysis.ConclusionsIn patients with ESRD, changes in MOPP do not seem to be related with UFR. Although UFR has been claimed to be culprit of tissue ischemia, still ill‐defined vaso and barorregulatory mechanisms may play a role in protecting the eye from ischemia during this hemodynamic challenge.
Lamina cribrosa displacement after trabeculectomy in pseudoexfoliation and primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Kadziauskiene A. , Strelkauskaite E. , Asoklis R. , Lesinskas E. , Schmetterer L. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo compare the changes in lamina cribrosa depth between eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) following trabeculectomy.MethodsThe prospective study included 37 glaucomatous eyes (23 PEXG and 14 POAG). The lamina cribrosa depth was measured using enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography before trabeculectomy and three months after the surgery. The postoperative displacement of the lamina cribrosa (LCD) was compared between the PEXG and POAG groups. The relationship between LCD and intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction was analysed.ResultsThere was a significant reduction in the mean (±SD) IOP in PEXG and POAG eyes following the trabeculectomy (14.2 ± 7.2 mmHg, p < 0.001, 14.4 ± 7.5 mmHg, p < 0.001; respectively). In total, the median (IQR) depth of the lamina cribrosa decreased from 469.4 (209.3) μm at baseline to 443.7 (145.5) μm three months after the surgery (p < 0.001). No significant difference in median (IQR) postoperative lamina cribrosa displacement between the PEX and POAG patients was found (42.1 (50.8) μm and 22.8 (53.9) μm, respectively; p = 0.186). The anterior displacement of lamina cribrosa after trabeculectomy did correlate significantly neither with the baseline IOP nor with the IOP reduction in the examined groups.ConclusionsIn glaucomatous eyes the anterior displacement of the lamina cribrosa occurred after the IOP reduction following trabeculectomy. However, no differences in the decrease of the lamina cribrosa depth were found between the pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and primary open angle glaucoma patients. The association between the lamina cribrosa displacement and IOP reduction was not significant.
In the search of biomarkers for thyroid associated orbitopathy (TAO)
Authors: Kishazi E. , Dor M. , Eperon S. , Gracià M.D.L.A. , Fouda C. , Oberic A. , Hamédani M. , Turck N. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTears are known as lubricating the eyes and ensuring nutrition and protection of the surrounding ocular tissues. However, its composition is the result of a dynamic system, which is dependent on various stimuli, including ocular and systemic diseases. Here, we propose that, tears could represent an innovative source of biomarkers in thyroid‐associated orbitopathy (TAO) disease.MethodsSchirmer's test was adopted to collect tears from TAO [n = 20, 3 males, mean age (±SD): 46.0 years (±13.0)] and healthy patients [n = 18, 8 males, 45.4 years (±18.7)]. Independent isobaric proteomics experiments were carried out and analyzed on a linear trap quadrupole Orbitrap Velos Pro. Easyprot software was used to obtain protein identification and quantification (2 unique peptides, 1% FDR, ratio<0.66 or >1.5, p‐value>0.05). Biological process and pathways were analyzed using Ingenuity pathway analysis software (6.7 version). Verification of proteins was performed by Western Blot or immunoassays.ResultsGlobally, 646 proteins were identified and 62 were considered as differentially expressed (27 up‐and 35 downregulated). Interestingly, among them, the acute phase response signalling and glycolysis pathways were mainly represented. Verification is ongoing for these candidates. In parallel, we observed that the levels of IL‐6, IL‐10, IL‐12 and TNF‐α, were significantly upregulated in tears of TAO patients.ConclusionsThese results confirmed tears as a suitable source to discover biomarkers for TAO disease. Moreover, the emergence of proteins involved in the glycolysis, associated to inflammation, could bring new general knowledge about TAO that still remains not well characterized. This study is kindly supported by the Provisu foundation and the SNF_MHV (PMPDP3_158370).
Impact of gender‐specific differences in corneal elasticity upon IOP measurements using vibration tonometry
Authors: Bitoun P. , Chapelle P. , Chambard J.P. , Lachkar Y. , Pean V. , Bouafia K. , Benzacken L. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeVibration Tonometry enables precise non‐contact tonometry independently of CCT and post LASIK using induced corneal vibrations response to calculate IOP using different algorithms for men and women. This corneal vibrations response reflects different tissue elasticity between men and women. We calculate IOP error using gender‐inverted algorithms: female algorithm for men and vice versaMethodsVibration Tonometry IOP data from clinical trials in 324 subjects in 3 IOP groups and in 3 age groups. 1,040 and 1,031 measurements were used respectively in women and in menResultsUsing men algorithm for women mean IOP difference was −0.376 mm Hg; 0.07 mmHg; 1.937 mmHg respectively in the <16 mm; 16–23 mm and in the >23 mm Hg group significantly different p < 0.0001. In 3 age groups women showed IOP mean difference of −0.086 mm Hg, 0.077 and −0.224 mm Hg respectively in <50; 50–60 and >60 years old women. Kruskal Wallis test used showed all 3 groups differed significantly p < 0.001, when compared 2 to 2 the error in the 50–60 group differed significantly from that in >60 years old group. For Men mean IOP difference was −0.115 mm Hg in the <16 mm group versus 0.385 in the 16–26 mm Hg group and −1.002 in the >23 mm Hg group all significantly different (Ttest p < 0.0009). The 3 age groups in men showed IOP mean difference of −0.129 mmHg, 0.185 and 0.259 mmHg (SD = 1.286) respectively in <50; 50–60 and >60 years old men. Kruskal Wallis test non significant p < 0.056, when compared 2 to 2 the error in the <50 group differed nearly significantly from that in >60 years old p = 0.025ConclusionsGender related difference in IOP measurement is most significant in the higher IOP, >60 years old and most significantly in women with higher corneal elasticity. These analyses confirm the important need for gender specific tonometry as uniquely provided by Vibration Tonometry.
Comparison of the pattern of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer damage between open‐angle glaucoma and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
Authors: Heo D.W. , Kim K.N. , Lee Y.H. , Kim C.S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo compare the pattern of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) damage in between primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).MethodsThirty‐two eyes of 32 patients with unilateral NAION and 60 eyes of 60 patients with POAG were consecutively enrolled in this study. The age, sex, and average RNFL thickness of the POAG were matched by those of the NAION. All of the patients underwent thorough eye examination including Cirrus HD optical coherence tomography (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA, USA). Peripapillary RNFL thickness in the 4 quadrants and 12 clock hours were compared in both groups.ResultsRNFL thickness of the nasal 1 o'clock area in NAION was significantly thinner compared to POAG (64.0 ± 18.9 and 75.8 ± 22.4 μm, p = 0.014). RNFL thickness of temporal 7 o'clock area in POAG was significantly thinner compared to NAION (78.7 ± 32.1 and 100.9 ± 42.1 μm, p = 0.006).ConclusionsRNFL thickness of nasal quadrant and superonasal sector was thinner in NAION. RNFL thickness of the inferotemporal sector was thinner in POAG.
Management and treatment of contact lens keratitis
Authors: Perez Navarro I. , Ascaso F. , Sánchez Marín J.I. , Martínez Vélez M. , Estebán Floría O. , Almenara Michelena C. , Idoate A. , Bartolomé I. , Del Buey Sayas M.Á. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeMicrobial keratitis is an infective process of the cornea with a potentially and serious visual impairments. Contact lenses are a major cause of microbial keratitis in the developed countries especially among young people. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the frequency and microbiological characteristic of contact lens keratitis (CLK) in patients referred to the emergency department of Hospital Clinico Lozano Blesa, ZaragozaMethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study of all patients with contact lens induced corneal ulcers who were reffered to the Hospital Clinico Lozano Blesa in the last 6 months. An ophthalmologist examined patients with the slit‐lamp and clinical features of them were noted and infectious corneal ulcers were scraped for microbial culture. The contact lenses and their liquid storage were analyzed by microbiology.ResultsA total of 18 patients were recuited into the study. The cultures were positive in 36.36% of corneal samples and 80% of culture contact lenses. The most common isolated organism in contact lenses was gram negative bacilli showing cleaning and manteinance system falilure of this type of lenses. Two case of contamination of liquid lenses by fungi were recorded, candida parapsilosis y acremonium spp and two case of contamination by acanthamoeba. The most microorganisms found from the corneal scrapes were gram positive cocci and Pseudomona aeruginosa was the most common gram negative.ConclusionsDue to the percentage of positive results in the cultures of contact lenses is higher than the percentage of corneal scrapings its realization is useful, beacuse the microorganism isolated in the ulcer is also present in maintenance fluids. Due to the high sensitivity of the main microorganisms to quinolones, are recommended as initial empiric therapy in infectious keratitis.