bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the impact of long-term bristlegrass coverage on rhizosphere microbiota, soil metabolites, and carbon–nitrogen dynamics for pear agronomic traits in orchards
Authors: Shi Chunhui , Wang Xiaoqing , Jiang Shuang , Xu Jianfeng , Luo Jun 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundGrass coverage (GC) under no-tillage systems in orchards signifcantly infuences underground carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) sequestration, primarily through promoting mineral nutrient utilization by rhizospheric microorganisms. However, the comprehensive impact of GC on microbial communities and plant responses using soil metabolomics remains inadequately recognized.MethodsWe investigated two rhizosphere types established since 2002: bristlegrass (Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv.) coverage (SC) and clean cultivation (CC) to assess their efects on soil parameters, enzyme activities, and key pear agronomic traits, including yield (single fruit weight (SFW)) and qualities (soluble solids content (SSC), and total soluble sugar (TSS)). We combined microbiological analysis (16S rRNA sequencing) and non-targeted metabolomics (UPLC-MS/MS and GC–MS) to explore how microbial communities infuence fruit agronomic traits and soil nutrient dynamics in pear orchards under SC conditions.ResultsOur fndings indicate that SC signifcantly enhances soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic nitrogen (SON), the C:N ratio, and available nitrogen (AN). Moreover, SC leads to pronounced increases in soil enzyme activities involved in the C cycle and storage, including soil sucrase, β-glucosidase, polyphenol oxidase and cellulase. Microbiome analysis revealed substantial diferences in microbial community composition and diversity indices between SC and CC rhizosphere soils within the 0–40 cm depth. Metabolomic analysis demonstrated significant alterations in metabolite profiles across both the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layers under SC conditions. The identifed metabolites primarily involve sugar and amino acid-related metabolic pathways, refecting perturbations in C and N metabolism consistent with shifts in bacterial community structure. Several plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) taxa (e.g., Haliangium, Bacteroides, mle1-7, Subgroup_22, Ellin6067, MND1, Flavobacterium, and Cellvibrio) were enriched under SC, associated with metabolites such as sucrose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid, rhamnose, UDP-GlcNAc and D-maltose. These fndings suggest their roles in promoting C and N sequestration processes through sucrose synthesis and glycolytic pathways in the soil, which was signifcantly correlated with the formation of agronomic traits such as fruit yield, SFW SSC and TSS (p&lt;0.05), and SC treatments signifcantly increased yields by 35.40–62.72% and sucrose content in TSS by 2.43–3.96 times than CC treatments.ConclusionThis study provides valuable insights into the efects of SC on soil microbial communities and plant physiology, enhancing our understanding of their implications for sustainable orchard management.
Association between frailty index and cognitive dysfunction in older adults: insights from the 2011–2014 NHANES data
Authors: Zhou Jianlong , Li Yadi , Zhu Lv , Yue Rensong 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundAs the population ages, the occurrence of cognitive decline and dementia is continuously increasing. Frailty is a prevalent problem among older adults. Epidemiologic studies have shown a comorbidity between frailty and cognitive impairment. However, their relationship remains unclear. The frailty index is an important indicator for measuring frailty. This study aims to investigate the relationship between frailty index and cognitive dysfunction in older adults aged 60 years and older in the United States from the 2011–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsCommunity-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older from 2011 to 2014 were extracted from the NHANES database. The frailty index was calculated using the formula: frailty index = total number of deficits present/total number of deficits measured. The Animal Fluency (AF), the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease Delayed Recall (CERAD-DR), and Word Learning (CERAD-WL) were used to evaluate cognitive dysfunction. Firstly, weighted logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between frailty index and cognitive dysfunction. Secondly, the influence of covariates on the frailty index was evaluated by subgroup analysis and interaction. Finally, the non-linear relationship is discussed by using the restricted cubic spline regression model.ResultsOur study included a total of 2,574 patients, weighted logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for all covariates, showed that the frailty index was associated with every test score. The interaction showed that covariates had no significant effect on this association in AF. The association between the frailty index and AF in the restricted cubic spline regression model is non-linear. As the frailty index increased, the risk of AF reduction increased, suggesting a higher risk of cognitive dysfunction.ConclusionIn general, a high frailty index appears to be associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. Consequently, protecting against cognitive decline necessitates making geriatric frailty prevention and treatment top priorities.
Significance of maximum intensity projection technique of multimodal ultrasound imaging in differentiating follicular thyroid carcinoma from benign lesions
Authors: Gao Wei , Chen Yutong , Wu Qiong , Li Yi , Zheng Yuanyi , Wang Yan 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivePreoperative diagnosis for follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to explore the maximum intensity projection (MIP) features, which can be utilized for reconstructing and characterizing the structure of microvascular in tissue, associated with FTC, and to explore the independent risk factors for FTC in combination with multimodal ultrasonography and blood indicators.MethodsThis single-center, prospective, single-blind, observational study included patients with suspected follicular thyroid carcinoma based on preoperative ultrasonography findings. All patients underwent routine ultrasonography, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), and correlated blood indexes tests. Offline MIP reconstruction of the CEUS images was performed. The tumor was histologically diagnosed postoperatively. Multivariable logistics regression was utilized for analyzing MIP characteristics combined with multimodal ultrasonography and preoperative blood indicators to identify independent risk factors for FTC.ResultsIn this study, 61 thyroid nodules were finally included according to the atretic criteria. (1) Compared with traditional color profile ultrasonography and CEUS, MIP technology can provide more information regarding microvascular characteristics inside thyroid tumors. The short, rod-like, crossed, curved and firework-like features of MIP images revealed statistically significant differences between the benign and malignant groups. (2) Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that the firework-like MIP characteristics of microvascular, thyroglobulin (Tg) level and vessel intensity (VI) value were independent risk factors for malignancy.Conclusion(1) MIP technology has potential applications in the differential diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma from benign lesions. (2) Firework MIP microvascular characteristics, Tg values and VI values can serve as parameters for the differential diagnosis of follicular thyroid carcinoma from benign lesions. This study provides a novel approach idea for preoperative multimodal differentiation of follicular thyroid carcinoma from benign lesions.
How social support influences learned helplessness in lung cancer patients: the chain mediation role of individual resilience and self-efficacy
Authors: Huang Jingui , Shi Yumei , Chen Yuemei , Tang Ling , Zhang Zhaoli 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundSocial support, which is a crucial external resource for cancer patients, was demonstrated to be a positive predictor of learned helplessness (LH). But it is far from clear whether and how social support decreases the LH in cancer patients. The purpose of present study is to detect the association between social support and LH and the role of individual resilience and self-efficacy in mediating this relationship.MethodsThe convenience sampling method was utilized. From August 2022 to February 2024, a total of 537 lung cancer patients (Mage = 60.25 years, SDage = 9.85 years) from five tertiary hospitals in one municipalities (Chongqing), and two provinces (Sichuan and Yunnan) were recruited, among which 389 were males and 148 were females. LH, social support, individual resilience, and self-efficacy were assessed by using standard scales. A structural equation model was constructed employing AMOS 23.0 to examine the interrelationships among social support, individual resilience, self-efficacy, and LH of lung cancer patients.ResultsA total of 537 lung cancer patients were finally included. Social support, individual resilience, and self-efficacy were positively related to LH (r = −0.299 to −0.451, p &lt; 0.01). The mediation model revealed that the direct effect of social support on LH was significant (β = −0.407, p &lt; 0.001). Besides, social support could also affect LH through three pathways: (1) the mediating effect of individual resilience (β = −0.075, p &lt; 0.001); (2) the mediating effect of self-efficacy (β = −0.060, p &lt; 0.05); (3) the chain mediating effect of individual resilience and self-efficacy (β = −0.011, p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThe results indicate that social support alleviates lung cancer patients’ LH, and that individual resilience and self-efficacy mediate the correlation between social support and LH. Besides providing adequate social support, intervention strategies built on individual resilience and self-efficacy should be applied to reduce LH in lung cancer patients.
The global burden of maternal disorders attributable to iron deficiency related sub-disorders in 204 countries and territories: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study
Authors: Wu Nuer , Ye Erdengqieqieke , Ba Yulan , Caikai Shareli , Ba Bayinsilema , Li Ling , Zhu Qiying 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundPregnancy-related anemia presents a significant health concern for approximately 500 million women of reproductive age worldwide. To better prevent maternal disorders, it is essential to understand the impact of iron deficiency across different maternal disorders, regions, age groups, and subcategories.MethodsBased on the comprehensive maternal disorders data sourced from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study, an investigation was carried out focusing on Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) associated with iron deficiency spanning the period from 1990 to 2019. In addition, Estimated Annual Percentage Changes (EAPCs) were computed for the duration of the study.ResultsOur study indicates decreasing mortality rates and years of life lost due to maternal conditions related to iron deficiency, such as maternal hemorrhage, miscarriage, abortion, hypertensive disorders, and infections. However, mortality rates and years of life lost due to indirect and late maternal deaths, as well as deaths aggravated by HIV/AIDS, have increased in high socio-demographic index (SDI) regions, especially in North America. Moreover, the proportion of maternal deaths aggravated by HIV/AIDS due to iron deficiency is rising globally, especially in Southern Sub-Saharan Africa, Oceania, and Georgia. In addition, in the Maldives, the age-standardized DALYs for maternal disorders attributable to iron deficiency exhibited a notable decreasing trend, encompassing a range of conditions. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in Disability-Adjusted Life Years rate for miscarriages and preterm births among women aged 15–49, with hypertensive disorders posing the highest burden among women aged 15–39.ConclusionThe burden of maternal disorders caused by iron deficiency is decreasing in most regions and subtypes, except for deaths aggravated by HIV/AIDS. By thoroughly understanding the details of how iron deficiency impacts the health of pregnant women, health policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers can more effectively pinpoint and address the root causes of inequalities in maternal health.
Addressing pollution challenges for enterprises under diverse extreme climate conditions: artificial intelligence-driven experience and policy support of top Chinese enterprises
Authors: Sun Jingjing , Guan Xin , Zeng Yanzhao , Zhang Jiali , Chen Xiaodie , Zhan Xi 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThis study investigates the experiences of leading Chinese companies in environmental conservation under varying extreme climate conditions, focusing on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and governmental assistance.MethodsA survey was conducted involving 200 participants to assess recognition and endorsement of AI’s role in environmental protection and to explore the adoption of AI technologies by firms for enhancing environmental management practices.ResultsThe survey revealed widespread recognition of Tencent’s green initiatives and strong support for AI’s role in environmental protection. Many firms are considering adopting AI technologies to optimize energy management, deploy intelligent HVAC systems, and improve the operations of data centers and smart lighting systems.DiscussionThe findings highlight a strong belief in AI’s potential to advance environmental protection efforts, with a call for increased governmental support to foster this development. The study underscores the importance of a partnership between businesses and governments to leverage AI for environmental sustainability, contributing significantly to conservation efforts.
Investigating the Association between Steatotic Liver Disease and CKD in a Nationally Representative Sample
Authors: Lai Mason , Lai Jennifer C. , Allegretti Andrew S. , Patidar Kavish R. , Cullaro Giuseppe 
Published: September 2024

Key Points

CKD is more common among those with steatotic liver disease compared with those without liver disease in the United States.Higher degrees of liver fibrosis are associated with greater prevalence of CKD independent of other common risk factors of kidney disease.

Background
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) and CKD are common conditions that are strongly associated. Yet, there is a paucity of data regarding the prevalence of this overlap and the factors that may drive its occurrence.

Methods
Using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we examined trends among adult participants from 2005 to 2020 that defined SLD using the Fatty Liver Index. We completed correlative analyses among adult participants from 2017 to 2020 that defined SLD on the basis of FibroScan results. We used multivariable survey-weighted binomial generalized linear models to determine the factors that were associated with CKD, defined as eGFR <60 or urine albumin-creatinine ratio >30.

Results
Among the 76,496 participants included in
trend analyses, the estimated prevalence of CKD was 15.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 15.2% to 16.2%) and SLD was 42.3% (95% CI, 41.4% to 43.2%). As compared with those without SLD, those with SLD had a significantly higher estimated prevalence of CKD (SLD, 15.7%; 95% CI, 14.9% to 16.5%; versus no SLD, 11.2%; 95% CI, 10.7% to 11.7%). In multivariate analyses of 3667 participants who underwent FibroScan and had SLD defined using the Fatty Liver Index, adjusting for control and presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia/dyslipidemia, compared with those with normal liver stiffness, those with moderate scarring (F2) had similar odds of CKD (1.53; 95% CI, 0.91 to 2.56), those with severe scarring (F3) had higher odds of CKD (2.28; 95% CI, 1.20 to 4.32), and those with cirrhosis had higher odds of CKD (2.21; 95% CI, 1.13 to 4.32).

Conclusions
Our findings highlight that CKD is common among patients with SLD and that higher degrees of hepatic fibrosis are associated with CKD independent of other comorbidities of the metabolic syndrome.
Statistical Analysis and Critical Aspects of Surface Measurement using Mechanical Pin-Wheel Machines
Authors: Mascolo R. , Calvanese G. , Giorleo L. , Scaglia E. 
Published: September 2024

The publication of the “Measuring Instruments Directive - MID” (European Directive 2014/32/UE) has determined the inclusion of area measuring machines in the category of legal metrology devices. Leather must follow similar rules for other goods traded by means of a measurement. Finished leathers are usually sold by area and the measurement for verification purposes in commercial trades is regulated by the International Contract No 7 (1998) between the ICT and the ICHSLTA. This contract provides specific indications on commercial issues and defines rules for area checking in case of legal disputes. In general, the contract allows the use of any agreed machine between seller and buyer (mechanical or optoelectronic), but in the event of a dispute it refers exclusively to pin-wheel machines according to ISO 11646 standard. This requirement has been defined without the provision of any technical support and does not consider the deviations of the results using other devices. Furthermore, ICT and ICHSLTA agreed that official controls shall be carried out only in specific Measurement Institutes, among which only 5 around the world have a working instrument, and only one has accredited the test according to ISO/IEC 17025. In this study, 13 small batches of different leather articles were used in an interlaboratory trial that involved 8 participants, including 4 European ICT/ICHSLTA official Measurement Institutes. By means of a statistical analysis of the results, the scope of this study is the identification of critical aspects related to the use of pinwheel machines with particular reference to leather (dimension, deformability, etc) and device characteristics.
APPLYING INTELLIGENT REFLECTIVE SURFACES TO IMPROVE SNR IN LOW-EARTH ORBIT SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Яхья Х.М. , Климов Д.А. 
Published: September 2024

Рассматривается влияние интеллектуальных отражающих поверхностей на уменьшение затухания сигнала на нисходящей линии связи спутника, расположенного на низкой околоземной орбите. Анализируется влияние количества элементов отражающей поверхности и местоположения пользователя на качество сигнала и максимальную пропускную способность канала связи.
The effect of intelligent reflective surfaces on reducing signal attenuation on the downlink of a satellite located in low Earth orbit is considered. The influence of the number of elements of the reflective surface and the user’s location on the quality of the signal and the maximum throughput of the communication channel is analyzed.
Extraction of Ether-Ethonol Mixture fromPowders by the Example of GunpowderBrand «Sunar 308WIN» UsingSupercritical CО
Authors: Билалов Т.Р. , Гумеров Ф.М. , Гатина Р.Ф. 
Published: September 2024

С использованием сверхкритической флюидной экстракционной установки циркуляционного типа марки R-401 фирмы «Reaction Engineering, Ink.» (ЮжнаяКорея) при температуре 323 К в интервале давлений 10,0-35,0 МПа определенарастворимость дифениламина в сверхкритическом диоксиде углерода (СК-СО).Экспериментальные данные приведены с применением уравнения Пенга -Робинсона. Представлены результаты СК-С0-экстракционного извлечения спирто-эфирной смеси из образцов охотничьего пороха марки «Сунар 308WIN», определены параметры процесса, отвечающие максимальному сохранению дифениламина в порохе, показана его эффективность.
The results of experimental studies of solubility of diphenylamine in supercriticalcarbon dioxide (SC-CО) are presented. Research was carried out at temperature323.15 К in the pressure range from 10 to 35 MPa on the experimental plant implementinga dynamic research method, produced by «Reaction Engineering, Ink.» (South Korea).Experimental solubility data are described using the Peng - Robinson equation ofstate. The results of SC-CО-extraction process of ether-ethanol mixture from thesamples of «Sunar 308WIN» brand gunpowder are presented, and process parameterscorresponding to the maximum preservation of diphenylamine in the powder aredefined, the efficiency of this process is shown.
Release Kinetics of the Nitroxyl Radicaltempone from D,L-Polylactide Foamed in the Environment of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Иванова Т.А. , Чумакова Н.А. , Голубева Е.Н. , Лунин В.В. 
Published: September 2024

Впервые метод электронного парамагнитного резонанса (ЭПР) использован для количественного описания процесса высвобождения парамагнитного биологически активного вещества из полимерного биодеградируемого матрикса. В качестве парамагнитного соединения выбран стандартный спиновый зонд TEMPONE, в качестве полимера - D,L-полилактид, вспененный в среде сверхкритического диоксида углерода (СК-CO). Показано, что высвобождение TEMPONE из пористого D,L-полилактида в фосфатный буфер с pH 7,4 происходит постепенно, без периодов выброса и стагнации, что свидетельствует о принципиальной возможности применения используемой технологии импрегнации и вспенивания полимера для создания материалов медицинского назначения.For the first time, the EPR-method was used to quantitatively describe the process of releasing a paramagnetic biologically active substance from a polymer biodegradable matrix. A standard TEMPONE spin probe was chosen as the paramagnetic compound, and D, L-polylactide foamed in supercritical carbon dioxide was used as the polymer. It is shown that the release of TEMPONE from porous D, L-polylactide into phosphate buffer with pH 7,4 occurs gradually, without periods of burst and stagnation, which indicates that it is possible in principle to use the used technology of impregnation and foaming of the polymer to create materials for medicalpurposes.
Impregnation of Polymer Materials in Supercritical Media
Authors: Залепугин Д.Ю. , Тилькунова Н.А. , Чернышова И.В. 
Published: September 2024

В обзорной статье рассматриваются достижения за последние годы в области импрегнации полимеров в сверхкритических средах. В частности, описаны новые подходы к проведению процесса импрегнации полимеров, показана возможность использования для этих целей новых суб- и сверхкритических сред. Приведены конкретные примеры и условия проведения данных процессов, а также обсуждаются новые области применения метода.
The review summarizes the achievements in the field of polymer impregnation during latest years. In particular, new methods of impregnation process and application of some new fluids are demonstrated. Concrete examples and conditions of impregnation processes and new areas of method applications are discussed.
Biocatalytic Transesterification of Oleic Acid Triglyceride in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Лакина Н.В. , Сульман Э.М. , Долуда В.Ю. , Матвеева В.Г. 
Published: September 2024

Показана перспективность использования катализаторов на основе иммобилизованной липазы в реакции переэтерификации триглицерида олеиновой кислоты (ТГОК) метанолом в среде сверхкритического диоксида углерода. При оптимальной температуре 40 °С, давлении СО 15,0 МПа и мольном соотношении ТГОК: метанол = 1:3 выход метилового эфира олеиновой кислоты существенно выше по сравнению с получаемым в среде метанола при атмосферном давлении.
The prospects of using catalysts based on immobilized lipase in the transesterification of oleic acid triglyceride (THC) with methanol in supercritical carbon dioxide was shown. At an optimum temperature of 40 °C; a C0 pressure of 15.0 MPa and a THC: methanol = = 1:3 molar ratio the yield of oleic acid methyl ester is significantly higher than that obtained in methanol at atmospheric pressure.