bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular targets of developmental exposure to bisphenol A in diabesity: a focus on endoderm‐derived organs
Authors: Porreca I. , Ulloa‐Severino L. , Almeida P. , Cuomo D. , Nardone A. , Falco G. , Mallardo M. , Ambrosino C. 
Published: October 2016

SummarySeveral studies associate foetal human exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) to metabolic/endocrine diseases, mainly diabesity. They describe the role of BPA in the disruption of pancreatic beta cell, adipocyte and hepatocyte functions. Indeed, the complexity of the diabesity phenotype is due to the involvement of different endoderm‐derived organs, all targets of BPA.Here, we analyse this point delineating a picture of different mechanisms of BPA toxicity in endoderm‐derived organs leading to diabesity. Moving from epidemiological data, we summarize thein vivoexperimental data of the BPA effects on endoderm‐derived organs (thyroid, pancreas, liver, gut, prostate and lung) after prenatal exposure. Mainly, we gather molecular data evidencing harmful effects at low‐dose exposure, pointing to the risk to human health. Although the fragmentation of molecular data does not allow a clear conclusion to be drawn, the present work indicates that the developmental exposure to BPA represents a risk for endoderm‐derived organs development as it deregulates the gene expression from the earliest developmental stages.A more systematic analysis of BPA impact on the transcriptomes of endoderm‐derived organs is still missing. Here, we suggestin vitrotoxicogenomics approaches as a tool for the identification of common mechanisms of BPA toxicity leading to the diabesity in organs having the same developmental origin.
Degradation of lignin β‐aryl ether units in Arabidopsis thaliana expressing LigD, LigF and LigG from Sphingomonas paucimobilis SYK‐6
Authors: Mnich Ewelina , Vanholme Ruben , Oyarce Paula , Liu Sarah , Lu Fachuang , Goeminne Geert , Jørgensen Bodil , Motawie Mohammed S. , Boerjan Wout , Ralph John , Ulvskov Peter , Møller Birger L. , Bjarnholt Nanna , Harholt Jesper 
Published: October 2016

SummaryLignin is a major polymer in the secondary plant cell wall and composed of hydrophobic interlinked hydroxyphenylpropanoid units. The presence of lignin hampers conversion of plant biomass into biofuels; plants with modified lignin are therefore being investigated for increased digestibility. The bacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis produces lignin‐degrading enzymes including LigD, LigF and LigG involved in cleaving the most abundant lignin interunit linkage, the β‐aryl ether bond. In this study, we expressed the LigD, LigF and LigG (LigDFG) genes in Arabidopsis thaliana to introduce postlignification modifications into the lignin structure. The three enzymes were targeted to the secretory pathway. Phenolic metabolite profiling and 2D HSQC NMR of the transgenic lines showed an increase in oxidized guaiacyl and syringyl units without concomitant increase in oxidized β‐aryl ether units, showing lignin bond cleavage. Saccharification yield increased significantly in transgenic lines expressing LigDFG, showing the applicability of our approach. Additional new information on substrate specificity of the LigDFG enzymes is also provided.
Bocavirus infection following paediatric liver transplantation
Authors: Tan M. Y. , Tan L. N. , Aw M. M. , Quak S. H. , Karthik S. V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHBoV is an emergent virus, which is frequently detected as a co‐infective agent. However, it can cause disease on its own. It is associated with respiratory and diarrhoeal illness in children and adults, whether immunocompetent or immunocompromised. We report HBoV infection in a child post‐liver transplantation, who presented with persistent fever and mild tachypnea, 3 weeks after a successful transplant. She recovered spontaneously with no graft dysfunction.
Monitoring the occurrence of tomato bacterial spot and range of the causal agent Xanthomonas perforans in Iran
Authors: Osdaghi E. , Taghavi S. M. , Hamzehzarghani H. , Fazliarab A. , Lamichhane J. R. 
Published: October 2016

A 2‐year comprehensive field survey was conducted across major tomato‐growing areas of Iran. Two hundred and thirty‐four tomato fields and six tomato‐producing greenhouses were surveyed for the potential presence of bacterial spot disease. Five hundred and ninety‐six tomato samples with and without symptoms were analysed. While Xanthomonas spp. were found in association with tomato plants both with and without symptoms from five surveyed counties, the bacterial spot disease was observed only in plants from three of them. Only strains isolated from plants with symptoms induced disease symptoms on tomato, while those isolated from symptomless plants caused symptoms only on cabbage and common bean. None of the isolates caused disease symptoms on pepper and eggplant. Phylogenetic analysis showed that X. perforans is the causal agent of tomato bacterial spot in Iran, although X. campestris and X. axonopodis were also associated with symptomless tomato plants. All X. perforans isolates in this study were sensitive to streptomycin, copper sulphate and copper oxychloride at concentrations of 50 mg L−1, 200 mg L−1 and 0.8 g L−1, respectively. Unlike the type strain of X. perforans, isolates in this study did not produce bacteriocin against other Xanthomonas spp., nor were they detected using the usual species‐specific primer pair Bs‐XpF/Bs‐XpR. This suggests an atypical nature of X. perforans strains in Iran, which leads to the hypothesis that X. perforans strains in Iran may have a separate origin to those causing disease epidemics elsewhere. The aggregated dispersal pattern of the diseased tomato fields signifies the seedborne introduction of the pathogen into the country.
Effects of elevated seawater temperature and phosphate enrichment on the crustose coralline alga Porolithon onkodes (Rhodophyta)
Authors: Tanaka Yasuaki , Suzuki Atsushi , Sakai Kazuhiko 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYBoth global and local environmental changes threaten coral reef ecosystems. To evaluate the effects of high seawater temperature and phosphate enrichment on reef‐building crustose coralline algae, fragments of Porolithon onkodes were cultured for 1 month under laboratory conditions. The calcification rate of the coralline algae was not affected at 30°C, but it decreased to the negatives at 32°C in comparison to the control treatment of 27°C, indicating that the temperature threshold for maintaining positive production of calcium carbonate lies between 30 and 32°C. Phosphate enrichment of 1–2 μmol L
−1 did not affect the calcification rate. The net oxygen production rate was enhanced by phosphate enrichment, suggesting that the photosynthetic rate was limited by the availability of phosphate. It was concluded that moderate phosphate enrichment does not directly deteriorate algal calcification but instead ameliorates the negative effects of high seawater temperature on algal photosynthesis.
Kisspeptin‐10 and the G protein‐coupled receptor 54 are differentially expressed in the canine pregnant uterus and trophoblast cells
Authors: Schäfer‐Somi S , Ay SS , Kaya D , Sözmen M , Beceriklisoy HB , Ağaoğlu AR , Fındık M , van Haeften T , Aslan S 
Published: October 2016

ContentsUterine tissue was collected from bitches after ovariohysterectomy at different times after ovulation. Samples were assigned to four groups: metestrous non‐pregnant, day 10–12, n = 4; pre‐implantation, day 10–12, n = 9; post‐implantation, day 18–25, n = 13; mid‐gestation, day 30–40, n = 7. RT‐qPCR detection was performed for kiss1 and the G protein‐coupled receptor 54 (GPR54, specific receptor for kisspeptin). In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed for detection of kisspeptin‐10 (KP‐10), GPR54, as well as pan‐cytokeratin and vimentin. The latter two were included to differentiate the different placental cell types. The percentage of positive stained cells was evaluated, and an immunoreactivity score (IRS) was obtained by multiplying the labelling intensity score (0–3) with the percentage of immunolabelled cells (range: 0–300). In non‐pregnant and pre‐implantation tissues, gene expression was highly variable for kiss1 and GPR54. Expression of GPR54 was higher before embryo adhesion than during post‐implantation and mid‐gestation (p < .05), whereas there was no difference found between groups for kiss1. Except during the pre‐implantation period, KP‐10 expression was higher in the non‐pregnant uterus compared to all gestational periods investigated, indicating a pregnancy‐related downregulation. In the pre‐implantation period, KP‐10 was present in larger vessels only, whereas the presence of GPR54 in vessels was found in all samples, with most labelling in the post‐implantation period. KP‐10 was present in superficial uterine glands, GPR54 in superficial and deep uterine glands of the post‐implantation uterus. In myocytes, the highest staining for KP‐10 was seen in the non‐pregnant uterus, whereas the highest staining for GPR54 was seen in post‐implantation and mid‐gestation. Syncytiotrophoblast cells stained for both KP‐10 and GPR54 in post‐implantation and mid‐gestation, with maximum intensity for GPR54 in the latter. We conclude that KP‐10 and GPR54 are expressed in the canine uterus and trophoblast cells. However, during pregnancy, expression of both proteins seems to be differentially regulated.
The localization of kisspeptin and kisspeptin receptor in the canine ovary during different stages of the reproductive cycle
Authors: Cielesh ME , McGrath BM , Scott CJ , Norman ST , Stephen CP 
Published: October 2016

ContentsKisspeptin is a neuropeptide involved in the hypothalamic regulation of reproduction in many species. Recent studies have revealed kisspeptin within the ovaries of rats, Siberian hamsters and humans, indicating a local role in reproduction. However, the role of kisspeptin in the ovary is poorly understood in the bitch. This study investigated the presence and location of kisspeptin protein (KISS1) and kisspeptin receptors (KISS1R) in the canine ovary during different stages of the reproductive cycle (pre‐pubertal, anoestrus and cycling) by means of immunohistochemical staining. Ovaries from 24 bitches presented at local veterinary clinics for routine ovariohysterectomy were collected and grouped based on reproductive stage (pre‐pubertal, anoestrus and cycling (proestrus, oestrus and dioestrus)). The presence or absence of immunoreactive KISS1 and KISS1R was recorded without any quantification of the levels of expression within cells. Immunoreactive KISS1 was found in the oocytes during all stages of the oestrous cycle, in the granulosa cells during all stages except anoestrus and in the corpus luteum (CL) during dioestrus. KISS1 was absent in the ovaries of pre‐pubescent bitches. Immunoreactive KISS1R were consistently found in the oocytes, primordial follicles, the granulosa cells and CL in cycling bitches. The finding of KISS1R in the granulosa cells is suggestive that kisspeptin and progesterone may be linked as this pattern of staining is seen in animals that show preovulatory luteinisation of follicles during oestrus, KISS1R were also observed in the ovaries of pre‐pubescent and anoestrous bitches, suggesting a possible role of kisspeptin in oocyte proliferation, development and maturation of granulosa cells, and progesterone production. This study provides a starting point for the establishment of a canine model for kisspeptin regulation within the ovary.
Estimating Weekly Urine Flow Rate And Residual Kidney Urea Clearance: A Method To Deal With Interdialytic Variability
Authors: Daugirdas John T 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBoth urine volume and residual kidney clearances are known to increase over the course of an interdialytic interval. However, no strategy has been proposed for adjusting data from an interdialytic urine collection to a weekly value for urine flow rate or residual kidney urea clearance. Data from a reanalysis of published results allows a proposal for such an adjustment, which assigns a relative value to each dialysis day of the week based on its distance from a preceding hemodialysis treatment. The strategy also identifies which urine collection periods and interdialytic intervals give results that should be most representative of weekly average values.
Parents' beliefs about children's emotions, children's emotion understanding, and classroom adjustment in middle childhood
Authors: Garrett‐Peters Patricia T. , Castro Vanessa L. , Halberstadt Amy G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTo explore how parental socialization of emotion may influence children's emotion understanding, which then guides children's interpretations of emotion‐related situations across contexts, we examined the pathways between socialization of emotion and children's adjustment in the classroom, with children's emotion understanding as an intervening variable. Specifically, children's emotion understanding was examined as a mediator of associations between mothers' beliefs about the value and danger of children's emotions and children's adjustment in the classroom within an SEM framework. Classroom adjustment was estimated as a latent variable and included social, emotional, and behavioral indices. Covariates included maternal education, and child gender and ethnicity. Participants were a diverse group of 201 third‐graders (116 African American, 81 European American, 4 Biracial; 48.8% female), their mothers, and teachers. Results revealed that emotion‐related beliefs (value and danger) had no direct influence on classroom adjustment. However, children whose mothers endorsed the belief that emotions are dangerous demonstrated less emotion understanding and were less well‐adjusted in the classroom. Mothers' belief that emotions are valuable was not independently associated with emotion understanding. Findings point to the important role of emotion understanding in children's development across contexts (family, classroom) and developmental domains (social, emotional, behavioral) during the middle childhood years.
Impact of type of calcineurin inhibitor on post‐transplant tuberculosis: Single‐center study from India
Authors: Agarwal Sanjay K. , Bhowmik Dipankar , Mahajan Sandeep , Bagchi Soumita 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionTuberculosis (TB) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in renal transplant recipients. Immunosuppressive drugs are one of the most important risk factor for post‐transplant tuberculosis (PTTB). A paucity of data exists about the impact of the type of calcineurin inhibitor on PTTB.MethodsIn this retrospective study, all adult patients on calcineurin inhibitor‐based immunosuppression were included. Patients receiving TB chemoprophylaxis were excluded. Diabetes, duration of dialysis, hepatitis B and C, past treated TB, induction therapy, type of antimetabolite, acute rejection, new onset of diabetes after renal transplantation (RT) (NODAT) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) were analyzed in tacrolimus (Tac) and cyclosporine (CsA) groups. Primary outcome was incidence of TB and secondary outcomes were timeline of development of TB after RT and pattern of TB in the two groups.ResultsOf the 1664 patients included, 582 patients received CsA‐based immunosuppression while 1082 received Tac‐based immunosuppression. Duration of dialysis, positive tuberculin skin test, use of induction, mycophenolate mofetil use, CMV infection, and NODAT were significantly more, and hepatitis B infection, past treated TB, and acute rejection episodes were significantly less in the Tac group. At the end of follow‐up, incidence of TB in the Tac group was significantly less than in the CsA group (6.1% vs 19.9%, P<.001). Mean time for development of TB after RT was similar in both the groups and nodal and disseminated TB were more common in the Tac group.ConclusionIn conclusion, our study shows that use of Tac as compared to CsA significantly decreases incidence of PTTB. Time of infection since transplant was similar in both the groups. However, nodal and disseminated TB were more common in the Tac group.
Health service utilisation of rural‐to‐urban migrants in Guangzhou, China: does employment status matter?
Authors: Song Xiaolei , Zou Guanyang , Chen Wen , Han Siqi , Zou Xia , Ling Li 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the self‐reported health status and service utilisation of employed, retired and unemployed migrants in Guangzhou, a megacity in southern China.MethodsA cross‐sectional study adapted from the National Health Service Survey was conducted between September and December in 2014. Based on the distribution of occupation of migrants, multistage sampling was used to recruit individuals. Logistic regression was applied to explore the factors influencing their service utilisation.ResultsOf 2906 respondents, 76.6% were employed, 9.2% retired and 14.2% unemployed. Only 8.1% reported having an illness in the previous 2 weeks, and 6.5% reported having been hospitalised in the previous year. Employed migrants had the lowest recent physician consultation rate (3.4%) and the lowest annual hospitalisation rate (4.5%) (P < 0.05); unemployed migrants had the highest rates (6.8% and 14.5% respectively, P < 0.05). Retired migrants were more likely to return to their hometown for health care (8.6%) than employed (1.5%) and unemployed migrants (3.4%) (P < 0.05). After adjusting for age and gender, employment status remained significant in explaining the recent two‐week treatment‐seeking behaviour of migrants (P < 0.05).ConclusionDisparity of service utilisation continues to be a problem for migrants due to the poor health awareness, lack of time and inconvenience of medical insurance reimbursement. Employed migrants make the least use of health services.
Metabolic switching of astringent and beneficial triterpenoid saponins in soybean is achieved by a loss‐of‐function mutation in cytochrome P450 72A69
Authors: Yano Ryoichi , Takagi Kyoko , Takada Yoshitake , Mukaiyama Kyosuke , Tsukamoto Chigen , Sayama Takashi , Kaga Akito , Anai Toyoaki , Sawai Satoru , Ohyama Kiyoshi , Saito Kazuki , Ishimoto Masao 
Published: October 2016

SummaryTriterpenoid saponins are major components of secondary metabolites in soybean seeds and are divided into two groups: group A saponins, and 2,3‐dihydro‐2,5‐dihydroxy‐6‐methyl‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one (DDMP) saponins. The aglycone moiety of group A saponins consists of soyasapogenol A (SA), which is an oxidized β‐amyrin product, and the aglycone moiety of the DDMP saponins consists of soyasapogenol B (SB). Group A saponins produce a bitter and astringent aftertaste in soy products, whereas DDMP saponins have known health benefits for humans. We completed map‐based cloning and characterization of the gene Sg‐5, which is responsible for SA biosynthesis. The naturally occurring sg‐5 mutant lacks group A saponins and has a loss‐of‐function mutation (L164*) in Glyma15g39090, which encodes the cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP72A69. An enzyme assay indicated the hydroxylase activity of recombinant CYP72A69 against SB, which also suggested the production of SA. Additionally, induced Glyma15g39090 mutants (R44* or S348P) lacked group A saponins similar to the sg‐5 mutant, indicating that Glyma15g39090 corresponds to Sg‐5. Endogenous levels of DDMP saponins were higher in the sg‐5 mutant than in the wild‐type lines due to the loss of the enzyme activity that converts SB to SA. Interestingly, the genomes of palaeopolyploid soybean and the closely related common bean carry multiple Sg‐5 paralogs in a genomic region syntenic to the soybean Sg‐5 region. However, SA did not accumulate in common bean samples, suggesting that Sg‐5 activity evolved after gene duplication event(s). Our results demonstrate that metabolic switching of undesirable saponins with beneficial saponins can be achieved in soybean by disabling Sg‐5.
Functional antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type B, Neisseria meningitidis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae contained in intravenous immunoglobulin products
Authors: Lee Soyoung , Kim Han Wool , Kim Kyung‐Hyo 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDIntravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) replacement therapy is used to prevent invasive infections in patients with primary antibody deficiency (PAD). However, few studies have functionally evaluated specific antibodies against encapsulated bacteria that cause invasive infection in patients with PAD. In this study, functional antibodies against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococci), and Neisseria meningitidis (meningococci) in IVIG therapy were evaluated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSixteen lots of IVIG products prepared by two Korean manufacturers (Products A and B) were evaluated. The functional antibodies were measured by serum bactericidal assay for Hib and four meningococcal serogroups and by multiplexed opsonophagocytic assay for 26 pneumococcal serotypes. The estimated trough levels of antibodies against Hib, pneumococcus, and meningococcus were calculated to determine whether the usual IVIG dose is appropriate for protecting patients with PAD.RESULTSThe functional antibody levels for Hib were similar in all of the IVIG products. In contrast, serum bacterial indices of meningococcal serogroups A and Y showed significant differences between products A and B. Opsonic indices to pneumococci varied depending on the serotype in each IVIG product. The estimated trough levels of antibodies against Hib, pneumococcus, and meningococcus exceeded the protective levels in most of the IVIG products except for the antibodies against two pneumococcal serotypes.CONCLUSIONMost of the tested commercial IVIG products had sufficient functional antibodies against Hib, pneumococcus, and meningococcus to protect patients with PAD receiving IVIG treatment. Regular and continuous evaluation of IVIG products is necessary to maintain an optimal therapeutic effect.
Frequent whole blood donors: understanding this population and predictors of lapse
Authors: Gemelli Carley N. , Hayman Jane , Waller Daniel 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDFrequent blood donors are an important resource as they contribute many donations over their lifetime. The aim of this research was to develop a demographic profile of Australian frequent whole blood donors and to determine predictors of lapse within this group.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSRoutinely collected data were used to profile individuals who had donated whole blood frequently (three or more times) between December 2010 and November 2011. Two segments were identified: 1) existing donors who had donated before December 2010 and 2) new donors who had not donated before December 2010. Donation records were followed to the end of December 2013 to examine retention.RESULTSA total of 90,867 donated frequently between December 2010 and November 2011. The group was composed of slightly more men (51.4%), was typically of middle socioeconomic status, and many were employed in skilled trades such as a builder or a plumber (21.3%). Existing donors (n = 81,762) were significantly older, more likely to be male, and more likely to have a D– blood type compared to the smaller group of new donors (n = 9105). For both segments, being older and male and having a D– blood type increased the likelihood of return in the follow‐up period. Deferrals and adverse events had negative impacts on retention for both groups.CONCLUSIONSThis study highlights specific factors that blood collection agencies may focus on to support continued donation among frequent donors.