bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: OXYGEN ACTIVATION BY TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES. 2. BIS(ACETYLACETONATO)COBALT(II)‐CATALYZED OXIDATION OF TRIBUTYLPHOSPHINE
Authors: HANZLIK R. P. , WILLIAMSON D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie durch den Titelkobaltkomplex katalysierte Oxidation von Tributylphosphin wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL EXCHANGE KINETICS OF BIS(SALICYLALDIMINATO)COPPER(II) COMPLEXES IN CHLOROFORM, I. EFFECT OF DONOR OXYGEN ELECTRON DENSITY
Authors: WANNOWIUS K. J. , VOSS H. , ELIAS H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDer Cu‐ Austausch zwischen den Bis‐[salicylaldirninato]‐Cu(II)‐Komplexen (I) und dem Cu(II)‐ acetat‐Komplex (II) wird im Temperaturbereich 0‐25°C durch Isotopenaustausch untersucht, um den Einfluß von Substituenten in 3‐ und 5‐Stellung zu ermitteln.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAHALO‐ AND (MIXED‐TETRAHALO)CUPRATES OF THE PIPERAZINIUM DICATION. COORDINATION GEOMETRY CHANGES IN SOME CUX42‐ ANIONS
Authors: MARCOTRIGIANO G. , MENABUE L. , PELLACANI G. C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Komplexe (III) und (IV) erhält man bei Zugabe äthanolischer Lösungen von CuCl2 ′ 2 H2O zu siedendem L(HCl)2 bzw. L(HCl)(HBr) bei einem Metall/Ligand‐Verhältnis von l : 1. (V), (Ia) (X, Y: Br) und (Ib) werden entsprechend ausgehend von CuBrZ ° 3 H2O dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE KINETICS OF OLEFIN‐OLEFIN SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS IN A SERIES OF PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES
Authors: HUPP S. S. , DAHLGREN G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Kinetik der Substitution von Styrol in den trans‐Komplexen (I) durch Penten‐(1) wird in Chloroform untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: TERPENE SYNTHESIS VIA PENTADIENYL ANIONS
Authors: WILSON S. R. , JERNBERG K. M. , MAO D. T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus dem Pentadienyl‐Anion (III) werden einerseits Hydrolyse‐ und Deuterolyse‐Produkte (I) und (II), andererseits mit 2‐Adamantanon (IV) die stereoisomeren Carbinole (V) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMOLYSIS AND PHOTOLYSIS OF 3β‐LANOSTENYL AZIDOCARBONATE‐ FUNCTIONALIZATION OF THE 4α‐METHYL GROUP
Authors: WRIGHT J. J. , MORTON J. B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBeim Erhitzen des Azidocarbonats (I) auf 140°C in Methylen= Chlorid erhält man ein Gemisch der cis‐ und trans‐Oxazolidinone (II) und (III), das auch in etwa derselben Zusammensetzung bei der Photolyse entsteht.
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF 5α‐BROMO‐6,19‐EPOXYCHOLESTAN‐3β‐OL ACETATE
Authors: MAEDA M. , KOMATSU H. , YAMAMOTO Y. , SHIMOIRISA H. , YONETANI S. , KOJIMA M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCholestanol‐acetat (I) reagiert mit N‐Brom‐acetamid zum Addukt (II), das glatt beim Erhitzen mit Jod/Bleitetraacetat in Cyclohexan in Gegenwart von Calciumcarbonat zum Epoxy‐Derivat (III) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHINAMIDES, A NEW CLASS OF AMINO PROTECTING GROUPS IN PEPTIDE CHEMISTRY
Authors: KENNER G. W. , MOORE G. A. , RAMAGE R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDurch Umsetzung mit Diphenyl‐chlor‐phosphinoxid (Ia), schlechter mit dem Ester (Ib), entstehen aus zahlreichen Aminosäuren und ihren Estern die Derivate (II) oder (III).
ChemInform Abstract: THIO SUGARS. I. SYNTHESIS OF 2,3‐DITHIO SUGARS
Authors: KOJIMA M. , WATANABE M. , TAGUCHI T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus dem Zucker (I) entsteht durch Überführung in das Xanthogenat (II), dessen thermische Umlagerung zu (IIIa) und Hydrolyse das Dithio‐monobenzyl‐Zuckerderivat (IIIb), das z.B. zum Disulfid (IV) oxidiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF SOME PYRIMIDINE‐PURINE DINUCLEOTIDE ANALOGS
Authors: WENSKA G. , PASZYC S. , SKALSKI B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Uracile (I) lassen sich mit Adenin (II) zu den Dinucleotiden (III) kondensieren, die photochemisch zu den Addukten (IV) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF S‐ADENOSYLMETHIONINE‐DEPENDENT METHYLTRANSFERASES. 4. URTHER MODIFICATIONS OF THE AMINO ACID AND BASE PORTIONS F S‐ADENOSYL‐L‐HOMOCYSTEINE
Authors: BORCHARDT R. T. , HUBER J. A. , WU Y. S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractZu Untersuchungen auf pharmakologische Wirkung werden verschiedene potentielle Inhibitoren der S‐Adenosylmethionin‐abhängigen Methyltransferasen nach den üblichen Verfahren der Peptidchemie hergestellt und auf ihre Wirksamkeit untersucht.
Built‐in Carbon Nanotube Network inside a Biomass‐Derived Hierarchically Porous Carbon to Enhance the Performance of the Sulfur Cathode in a Li‐S Battery
Authors: Xu Da‐Wei , Xin Sen , You Ya , Li Yutao , Cong Huai‐Ping , Yu Shu‐Hong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe practical application of lithium‐sulfur batteries is usually hindered by the unstable discharge intermediates and the low conductivity of the sulfur cathode. Herein, we propose to improve the performance of the sulfur cathode by introducing a built‐in carbon nanotube network inside a biomass‐derived hierarchically porous carbon for the subsequent sulfur loading. This balanced structural design of the carbon substrate enables effective trapping of active sulfur within the cathode and provides a highly efficient pathway for electron transmission, contributing to an increased conductivity and structural integrity of the cathode. By using a potentiostatic process at the end of charge, the reversibility of the electrode reaction of sulfur is improved. The sulfur cathode delivers an initial discharge capacity of 1739 mA h g−1 and reaches a high initial Columbic efficiency of 87.6 %, and maintains its efficiency to >97.5 % from the 2nd cycle. It also shows admirable cycling and rate performance.
Methane Activation Mediated by a Series of Cerium–Vanadium Bimetallic Oxide Cluster Cations: Tuning Reactivity by Doping
Authors: Ma Jia‐Bi , Meng Jing‐Heng , He Sheng‐Gui 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Dr. Jia‐Bi Ma (Beijing Institute of Technology) and Prof. Sheng‐Gui He (Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences). The image shows the different reactivities of (CeO2)m(V2O5)n+, (CeO2)2‐4+, and (V2O5)1‐5+ clusters toward CH4, indicating cluster reactivity can be tuned effectively by doping. Read the full text of the Full Paper at 10.1002/cphc.201501126.
Preparation and Sonodynamic Antitumor Effect of Protohemin‐Conjugated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Carboxylic Group
Authors: Wang Chuan‐jin , Li Wei 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Preclinical Research

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a cutting edge approach to treating cancer that involves necrosis and/or apoptosis. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with carboxylic groups (MWCNTs‐COOH) due their physicochemical structure represent a novel drug delivery system in the field of nanomedicine. The purpose of the research reported in this paper was to increase the antitumor potency and reduce the potential side effects of protohemin (Ph), a sonosensitizer for SDT, which was noncovalently encapsulated into MWCNTs‐COOH (MWCNTs‐Ph). The Ph loading efficiency in MWCNTs‐COOH carrier was determined as approximately 68.8% (w/w). The growth inhibition rate of MWCNTs‐Ph (Ph: 180 μg/mL) was approximately 95 ± 8.5%, whereas Ph‐F (Ph: 180 μg/mL) inhibited 58 ± 4.5% of tumor cell. Ph (Ph: 180 μg/mL) alone had no antitumor effect in HepG‐2 cells using ultrasound treatment at 1.0 MHz and 0.5 W/cm2 for 100 s. Assessment of the antitumor effects of MWCNTs‐Ph and Ph‐F at day 11 after SDT showed that he tumor inhibition ratio for MWCNTs‐Ph (6.18 × 10−2 g·kg−1·d−1) was 82.8%, twice that of Ph‐F (6.18 × 10−2 g·kg−1·d−1) ay 41.8%. In conclusion, MWCNTs‐Ph had increased antitumor efficiency and also decreased potential side effects. Drug Dev Res 77 : 152–158, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using historical woodland creation to construct a long‐term, large‐scale natural experiment: the WrENproject
Authors: Watts Kevin , Fuentes‐Montemayor Elisa , Macgregor Nicholas A. , Peredo‐Alvarez Victor , Ferryman Mark , Bellamy Chloe , Brown Nigel , Park Kirsty J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNatural experiments have been proposed as a way of complementing manipulative experiments to improve ecological understanding and guide management. There is a pressing need for evidence from such studies to inform a shift to landscape‐scale conservation, including the design of ecological networks. Although this shift has been widely embraced by conservation communities worldwide, the empirical evidence is limited and equivocal, and may be limiting effective conservation. We present principles for well‐designed natural experiments to inform landscape‐scale conservation and outline how they are being applied in the WrENproject, which is studying the effects of 160 years of woodland creation on biodiversity inUKlandscapes. We describe the study areas and outline the systematic process used to select suitable historical woodland creation sites based on key site‐ and landscape‐scale variables – including size, age, and proximity to other woodland. We present the results of an analysis to explore variation in these variables across sites to test their suitability as a basis for a natural experiment. Our results confirm that this landscape satisfies the principles we have identified and provides an ideal study system for a long‐term, large‐scale natural experiment to explore how woodland biodiversity is affected by different site and landscape attributes. The WrENsites are now being surveyed for a wide selection of species that are likely to respond differently to site‐ and landscape‐scale attributes and at different spatial and temporal scales. The results from WrENwill help develop detailed recommendations to guide landscape‐scale conservation, including the design of ecological networks. We also believe that the approach presented demonstrates the wider utility of well‐designed natural experiments to improve our understanding of ecological systems and inform policy and practice.
Downscaling land‐use data to provide global 30″ estimates of five land‐use classes
Authors: Hoskins Andrew J. , Bush Alex , Gilmore James , Harwood Tom , Hudson Lawrence N. , Ware Chris , Williams Kristen J. , Ferrier Simon 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLand‐use change is one of the biggest threats to biodiversity globally. The effects of land use on biodiversity manifest primarily at local scales which are not captured by the coarse spatial grain of current global land‐use mapping. Assessments of land‐use impacts on biodiversity across large spatial extents require data at a similar spatial grain to the ecological processes they are assessing. Here, we develop a method for statistically downscaling mapped land‐use data that combines generalized additive modeling and constrained optimization. This method was applied to the 0.5° Land‐use Harmonization data for the year 2005 to produce global 30″ (approx. 1 km2) estimates of five land‐use classes: primary habitat, secondary habitat, cropland, pasture, and urban. The original dataset was partitioned into 61 bio‐realms (unique combinations of biome and biogeographical realm) and downscaled using relationships with fine‐grained climate, land cover, landform, and anthropogenic influence layers. The downscaled land‐use data were validated using the PREDICTS database and the geoWiki global cropland dataset. Application of the new method to all 61 bio‐realms produced global fine‐grained layers from the 2005 time step of the Land‐use Harmonization dataset. Coarse‐scaled proportions of land use estimated from these data compared well with those estimated in the original datasets (meanR2: 0.68 ± 0.19). Validation with the PREDICTS database showed the new downscaled land‐use layers improved discrimination of all five classes at PREDICTS sites (P < 0.0001 in all cases). Additional validation of the downscaled cropping layer with the geoWiki layer showed anR2improvement of 0.12 compared with the Land‐use Harmonization data. The downscaling method presented here produced the first global land‐use dataset at a spatial grain relevant to ecological processes that drive changes in biodiversity over space and time. Integrating these data with biodiversity measures will enable the reporting of land‐use impacts on biodiversity at a finer resolution than previously possible. Furthermore, the general method presented here could be useful to others wishing to downscale similarly constrained coarse‐resolution data for other environmental variables.
Ring Opening of 6‐Azabicyclo­[3.1.0]hex‐3‐en‐2‐ols in Water under Mild Conditions
Authors: Vale João R. , Siopa Filipa , Branco Paula S. , Afonso Carlos A. M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe ring‐opening reaction of α‐hydroxycyclopenteno‐aziridines (6‐azabicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐3‐en‐2‐ols) was investigated in water and under physiological conditions (pH = 7.4) at 37 °C by using a range of carbon‐, oxygen‐, nitrogen‐, and sulfur‐containing nucleophiles such as azides, anilines, and thiols (aryl and alkyl thiols as well as cysteine and its derivatives), which provided the products in moderate to high isolated yields. The reactivity was also demonstrated in the bioconjugation of α‐hydroxycyclopenteno‐aziridine with the peptide hormone salmon calcitonin (sCT).
Quantitative Aspects of Electrochemical Detection of Amyloid‐β Aggregation
Authors: Suprun Elena V. , Khmeleva Svetlana A. , Kiseleva Yana Y. , Radko Sergey P. , Archakov Alexander I. , Shumyantseva Victoria V. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe tyrosine based electrochemical analysis of synthetic amyloid‐β (Aβ) peptide – an analog of natural peptide implicated in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis – was applied for a quantitative estimation of peptide aggregation in vitro. The analysis was carried out by square wave voltammetry (SWV) on carbon screen printed electrodes (SPE). The electrooxidation peak current (Ip) for Aβ42 peptide in different aggregation states was directly compared with the size and structure of Aβ42 aggregates occurring in the analyzed sample. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and thioflavin T (ThT) based fluorescence assay were employed to estimate the size and structure of Aβ42 aggregates. The Ip was found to decrease in a linear fashion when the average diameter of aggregates and the relative ThT fluorescence in Aβ42 solutions exceeded 35 nm and 3, respectively, while being nearly constant below these values. It was suggested that the electrooxidation current is mostly generated by peptide monomers and that a depletion of the monomer pool due to inclusion of Aβ42 molecules in aggregates is responsible for the decrease of electrooxidation current. The direct electrochemistry is emerging as a method complementary to methods based on aggregates’ detection and commonly employed for monitoring Aβ aggregation. The work further enlarges the basis for application of the cost‐effective and rapid electrochemical techniques, such as SWV on carbon SPE, to in vitro studies of Aβ aggregation.
Evaluation of performance of non‐invasive upgrade strategy for beam–column sub‐assemblages of poorly designed structures under seismic type loading
Authors: Sasmal Saptarshi , Nath Dikshita 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBeam–column sub‐assemblages are the one of the most vulnerable structural elements to the seismic loading and may lead to devastating consequences. In order to improve the performance of the poorly/under‐designed building structures to the critical loading scenarios, introduction of steel bracing at the RC beam–column joint is found to be one of the modern and implementable techniques. In the present work, a diagonal metallic single haunch/bracing system is introduced at the beam–column joints to provide an alternate load path and to protect the joint zone from extensive damage because of brittle shear failure. In this paper, an investigation is reported on the evaluation of tae influence of different parameters, such as angle of inclination, location of bracing and axial stiffness of the single steel bracing on improving the performance through altering the force transfer mechanism. Numerical investigations on the performance of the beam–column sub‐assemblages have been carried out under cyclic loading using non‐linear finite element analysis. Experimentally validated numerical models (both GLD and upgraded specimen) have been further used for evaluating the performance of various upgrade schemes. Cyclic behaviour of reinforcement, concrete modelling based on fracture energy, bond‐slip relations between concrete and steel reinforcement have been incorporated. The study also includes the numerical investigation of crack and failure patterns, ultimate load carrying capacity, load displacement hysteresis, energy dissipation and ductility. The findings of the present study would be helpful to the engineers to develop suitable, feasible and efficient upgrade schemes for poorly designed structures under seismic loading. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Umbelliferone attenuates unpredictable chronic mild stress induced‐insulin resistance in rats
Authors: Su Qiang , Tao Weiwei , Wang Hanqing , Chen Yanyan , Huang Huang , Chen Gang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate whether umbelliferone (Umb) could attenuate insulin resistance in unpredictable chronic mild stress (CUMS)‐induced rats. Behavioral changes were evaluated through sucrose preference test (SPT), open‐field test, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test (TST), suggesting that Umb (20 and 40 mg/kg) could effectively improve depression symptoms. Oral glucose tolerance test and serum insulin indicated that Umb attributed to the control of blood glucose levels. The phosphorylation of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)−1, glycogen synthase kinase‐3β, PI3K, and Akt was increased in Umb (20 and 40 mg/kg) treatment according to Western blot analysis. Taken together, the current results suggested the ameliorative effect of Umb against insulin resistance in the CUMS‐induced rats. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(5):403–409, 2016
The multiphase optimization strategy (MOST) and the sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART): two novel evaluation methods for developing optimal training programs
Authors: Howard Matt C. , Jacobs Rick R. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryCurrent methodologies in training evaluation studies largely employ a single method entitled random confirmatory trials, prompting several concerns. First, practitioners and researchers often analyze the effectiveness of their entire omnibus training, rather than the individual elements or identifiable components of the training program. This slows the testing of theory and development of optimal training programs. Second, a common training is typically administered to all employees within an organization or workgroup; however, certain factors may cause individualized training to be more effective. Given these concerns, the current paper presents two training evaluation methodologies to overcome these problems: the multiphase optimization strategy and sequential multiple assignment randomized trials. The multiphase optimization strategy is a method to evaluate a standard training, which emphasizes the importance of a multi‐stage training evaluation process to analyze individual training elements. In contrast, sequential multiple assignment randomized trial is used to evaluate an adaptive training that varies over time and/or trainees. These methodologies jointly overcome the problems noted earlier, and they can be integrated to address several of the key challenges facing training researchers and practitioners. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Historical trends in precipitation, temperature and drought in the Alabama–Coosa–Tallapoosa and Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint river basins
Authors: Maleski Jerome J. , Martinez Christopher J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTUsing station data from the United States Historical Climatology Network, we preformed a running trend analysis of temperature, precipitation and drought in the Alabama–Coosa–Tallapoosa and Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint river basins for the time period 1895–2012 on annual and monthly timescales.Our study found that long‐term precipitation and temperature trends were statistically detectible but relatively slight in the order of an increase at 3 mm per decade for precipitation and a decline of 0.02 °C per decade for temperature. Running trend analyses for the time period 1895–2012 found field‐significant and relatively large annual precipitation increases and temperature decreases between the 1950s and early 1980s associated with the 'warming hole'. The magnitude of precipitation trends for the aforementioned period was in the range of 7 mm per year for precipitation and 0.6 °C per decade for temperature. For temperature, we observed generally decreasing maximum, minimum and mean temperatures in the 1960s and 1970s and increasing temperatures from the 1970s to present. Minimum temperatures particularly showed a strong increase in recent summer months in the range of 0.3 °C per decade.Trends in the diurnal temperature range showed a recent narrowing during summer and fall months. Differences in the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) did not show a strong effect of temperature on drought for this region.
Non‐participation of Domestic Tourism: Analyzing the Influence of Discouraging Factors
Authors: Li Hengyun , Meng Fang , Zhang Ziqiong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study analyzes the factors that discourage non‐tourists' participation in domestic tourism. Data were collected in 15 cities in China and analyzed using a comparative analysis and non‐parametric ridit analysis. The findings indicate that (i) non‐tourists have low internal travel motivation and attitude and are more likely to be under 25 or above 55 years old, less educated, less healthy, with small child(ren) and lower income; (ii) non‐tourists consider less on destination environment and attraction, but focus on price and travel expenses when making a travel decision and destination choice; and (iii) economic and leisure time are their main situational travel constrains. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CO2 Responsive Imidazolium‐Type Poly(Ionic Liquid) Gels
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xu Dan , Guo Jiangna , Sun Zhe , Qian Wenjing , Zhang Ye , Yan Feng 
Published: March 2016

Poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) gels with CO2 stimulus responsiveness have been synthesized through the copolymerization of an imidazolium‐type ionic liquid monomer with 2‐(dimethyl amino) ethyl methacrylate. Upon bubbling with CO2 gas, the prepared PIL solution is converted to a transparent and stable gel, which can be turned back to the initial solution state after N2 bubbling. The reversible sol–gel phase transition behavior is proved by the reversible values of viscosity and ionic conductivity. The possible mechanism for such a reversible sol–gel phase transition is demonstrated by NMR, conductivity, and rheological measurements.
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