bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound in the Emergency Department
Authors: Hall M. Kennedy , Hall Jane , Gross Cary P. , Harish Nir J. , Liu Rachel , Maroongroge Sean , Moore Christopher L. , Raio Christopher C. , Taylor R. Andrew 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesPoint‐of‐care ultrasound is a valuable tool with potential to expedite diagnoses and improve patient outcomes in the emergency department. However, little is known about national patterns of adoption. This study examined nationwide point‐of‐care ultrasound reimbursement among emergency medicine (EM) practitioners and examined regional and practitioner level variations.MethodsData from the 2012 Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services Fee‐for‐Service Provider Utilization and Payment Data include all practitioners who received more than 10 Medicare Part B fee‐for‐service reimbursements for any Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System code in 2012. Odds ratios (ORs) and descriptive statistics were calculated to assess relationships between ultrasound reimbursement and practice location, nearby presence of an EM residency, and time elapsed since practitioner graduation.ResultsOf 52,928 unique EM practitioners, 391 (0.7%) received limited ultrasound reimbursements for a total of 16,389 scans in 2012. Urban counties had an OR of 5.4 (95% confidence interval, 3.8–7.8) for receiving point‐of‐care ultrasound reimbursements compared to rural counties. Counties with an EM residency had an OR of 84.7 (95% confidence interval, 42.6–178.8) for reimbursement compared to counties without. The OR for receiving reimbursement was independent of medical school graduation year (P = .83); however, recent graduates performed more scans (P = .02).ConclusionsA small minority of EM practitioners received reimbursements for point‐of‐care ultrasound from Medicare beneficiaries. These practitioners were more likely to reside in urban and academic settings. Future efforts should assess the degree to which our findings reflect either low point‐of‐care ultrasound use or low rates of billing for ultrasound examinations that are performed.
The Component Fatty Acids and Glycerides of Castor Oil
Authors: Achaya K. T. , Craig B. M. , Youngs C. G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGas‐liquid chromatographic analysis of methyl esters of two samples of castor oil gave the following (as wt %): palmitate 1.2, 0.9; stearate 0.7, 1.2; arachidate 0.3, 0.2; hexadecenoate 0.2, 0.2; oleate 3.2, 3.3; linoleate 3.4, 3.7; linolenate 0.2, 0.2; ricinolE'ate 89.4, 89.0; and dihydroxystearate 1.4, 1.3. Oxidative cleavage of purified methyl ricinoleate indicated that the double bond was exclusively in the 9舑10 position.Castor oil glycerides were fractionated in a 100‐tube CCD apparatus using 90% ethanol and commercial hexane as solvents. Analysis of pooled fractions showed (as mole %) triricinolein 68.2, diricinoleins 28.0, mono‐ricinoleins 2.9 and nonricinoleins 0.9. These results coupled with lipase hydrolysis of the whole oil and of the fractions agree well with the distribution pattern proposed by Vander Wal.
Improvement of Postoperative Pain Control Processes and Outcomes in Veterans of a Surgical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: D’Andrea Melissa S. , Fisichella P. Marco 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pain remains undertreated in critically ill patients. We hypothesized that the adequacy of pain control in our Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) was above the reported average of 71 % in the literature and that the introduction of the critical care pain observation tool (CPOT) could improve it. We used a Lean Six Sigma methodology to improve our processes and quantify our improvement.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively review 713 consecutive veterans admitted to our SICU. Between December 2014 and February 2015, postoperative pain was assessed every 2 h and rated “acceptable,” “unacceptable,” or “unable to assess”. Between March 2015 and October 2015, postoperative pain was assessed with CPOT. Concurrently, we implemented a postoperative pain education program and documented this activity in the electronic medical record.ResultsThe baseline adequacy of pain control was 78 %, which improved to 99 % after the introduction of CPOT. We concurrently achieved a 100 % median documentation of postoperative pain education in the electronic medical record. The introduction of CPOT improved the process σ from 2.3 to 3.8. The process of documenting pain education achieved a process σ of 3.1.ConclusionsThe proportion of veterans with acceptable pain control in our SICU is higher than that reported in the literature and the application of a Six Sigma methodology that involved the introduction of the CPOT has allowed us to improve the perception of pain control and comply with the newest regulatory directives.
Infection Prevention and Antimicrobial Stewardship Knowledge for Selected Infections Among Nursing Home Personnel
Authors: Trautner Barbara W. , Greene M. Todd , Krein Sarah L. , Wald Heidi L. , Saint Sanjay , Rolle Andrew J. , McNamara Sara , Edson Barbara S. , Mody Lona 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVETo assess knowledge about infection prevention among nursing home personnel and identify gaps potentially addressable through a quality improvement collaborative.DESIGNBaseline knowledge assessment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, asymptomatic bacteriuria, antimicrobial stewardship, and general infection prevention practices for healthcare-associated infections.SETTINGNursing homes across 14 states participating in the national “Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Safety Program for Long-Term Care: Healthcare-Associated Infections/Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection.”PARTICIPANTSLicensed (RNs, LPNs, APRNs, MDs) and unlicensed (clinical nursing assistants) healthcare personnel.METHODSEach facility aimed to obtain responses from at least 10 employees (5 licensed and 5 unlicensed). We assessed the percentage of correct responses.RESULTSA total of 184 (78%) of 236 participating facilities provided 1 response or more. Of the 1,626 respondents, 822 (50.6%) were licensed; 117 facilities (63.6%) were for-profit. While 99.1% of licensed personnel recognized the definition of asymptomatic bacteriuria, only 36.1% knew that pyuria could not distinguish a urinary tract infection from asymptomatic bacteriuria. Among unlicensed personnel, 99.6% knew to notify a nurse if a resident developed fever or confusion, but only 27.7% knew that cloudy, smelly urine should not routinely be cultured. Although 100% of respondents reported receiving training in hand hygiene, less than 30% knew how long to rub hands (28.5% licensed, 25.2% unlicensed) or the most effective agent to use (11.7% licensed, 10.6% unlicensed).CONCLUSIONSThis national assessment demonstrates an important need to enhance infection prevention knowledge among healthcare personnel working in nursing homes to improve resident safety and quality of care.Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;1–6
THE RIGHT ANGLE TO LOOK AT ORTHOGONAL SETS
Authors: WAGNER FRANK O. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIf X and Y are orthogonal hyperdefinable sets such that X is simple, then any group G interpretable in X ∪ Y has a normal hyperdefinable X-internal subgroup N such that G/N is Y-internal; N is unique up to commensurability. In order to make sense of this statement, local simplicity theory for hyperdefinable sets is developed. Moreover, a version of Schlichting’s Theorem for hyperdefinable families of commensurable subgroups is shown.
ON THE STRENGTH OF TWO RECURRENCE THEOREMS
Authors: DAY ADAM R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper uses the framework of reverse mathematics to investigate the strength of two recurrence theorems of topological dynamics. It establishes that one of these theorems, the existence of an almost periodic point, lies strictly between WKL and ACA (working over RCA0). This is the first example of a theorem with this property. It also shows the existence of an almost periodic point is conservative over RCA0for${\rm{\Pi }}_1^1$-sentences.
Kinematic evolution of a fold-and-thrust belt developed during basin inversion: the Mesozoic Maestrat basin, E Iberian Chain
Authors: NEBOT MARINA , GUIMERÀ JOAN 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Maestrat basin was one of the most subsident basins of the Mesozoic Iberian Rift system, developed by a normal fault system which divided it into sub-basins. Its Cenozoic inversion generated the N-verging Portalrubio–Vandellòs fold-and-thrust belt in its northern margin, detached in the Triassic evaporites. In the hinterland, a 40 km wide uplifted area, in the N–S direction, developed, bounded to the N by the E–W-trending, N-verging Calders monocline. This monocline is interpreted as a fault-bend fold over the ramp to flat transition of the E–W-trending, N-verging Maestrat Basement Thrust, and also indicates the transition from a thick-skinned (S) to a thin-skinned (N) style of deformation. This paper presents a kinematic evolutionary model for the northern margin of the basin and a reconstruction of the Maestrat Basement Thrust geometry, generated by the inversion of the Mesozoic normal fault system. It contains a low-dip ramp (9°) extended southwards more than 40 km, attaining a depth of 7.5 km. As this thrust reached the Mesozoic cover to the foreland, it propagated across the Middle Muschelkalk evaporitic detachment, generating a nearly horizontal thrust which transported northwards the supra-salt cover, and the normal fault segments within it, for c. 11–13 km. The displacement of the basement in the hanging-wall of the low-dip basement ramp generated the 40 km wide uplifted area, while the superficial shortening was accumulated in the northern margin of the basin – which contains the thinnest Mesozoic cover – developing the Portalrubio–Vandellòs fold-and-thrust belt.
Validity of LIDAS (LIfetime Depression Assessment Self-report): a self-report online assessment of lifetime major depressive disorder
Authors: Bot M. , Middeldorp C. M. , de Geus E. J. C. , Lau H. M. , Sinke M. , van Nieuwenhuizen B. , Smit J. H. , Boomsma D. I. , Penninx B. W. J. H. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThere is a paucity of valid, brief instruments for the assessment of lifetime major depressive disorder (MDD) that can be used in, for example, large-scale genomics, imaging or biomarker studies on depression. We developed the LIfetime Depression Assessment Self-report (LIDAS), which assesses lifetime MDD diagnosis according to DSM criteria, and is largely based on the widely used Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Here, we tested the feasibility and determined the sensitivity and specificity for measuring lifetime MDD with this new questionnaire, with a regular CIDI as reference.MethodSensitivity and specificity analyses of the online lifetime MDD questionnaire were performed in adults with (n = 177) and without (n = 87) lifetime MDD according to regular index CIDIs, selected from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) and Netherlands Twin Register (NTR). Feasibility was tested in an additional non-selective, population-based sample of NTR participants (n = 245).ResultsOf the 753 invited persons, 509 (68%) completed the LIDAS, of which 419 (82%) did this online. User-friendliness of the instrument was rated high. Median completion time was 6.2 min. Sensitivity and specificity for lifetime MDD were 85% [95% confidence interval (CI) 80–91%] and 80% (95% CI 72–89%), respectively. This LIDAS instrument gave a lifetime MDD prevalence of 20.8% in the population-based sample.ConclusionsMeasuring lifetime MDD with an online instrument was feasible. Sensitivity and specificity were adequate. The instrument gave a prevalence of lifetime MDD in line with reported population prevalences. LIDAS is a promising tool for rapid determination of lifetime MDD status in large samples, such as needed for genomics studies.
Enhanced SPARQL-based design rationale retrieval
Authors: Li Luye , Gao Shuming , Liu Ying , Qin Xiaolian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDesign rationale (DR) is an important category within design knowledge, and effective reuse of it depends on its successful retrieval. In this paper, an ontology-based DR retrieval approach is presented, which allows users to search by entering normal queries such as questions in natural language. First, an ontology-based semantic model of DR is developed based on the extended issue-based information system-based DR representation in order to effectively utilize the semantics embedded in DR, and a database of ontology-based DR is constructed, which supports SPARQL queries. Second, two SPARQL query generation methods are proposed. The first method generates initial SPARQL queries from natural language queries automatically using template matching, and the other generates initial SPARQL queries automatically from DR record-based queries. In addition, keyword extension and optimization is conducted to enhance the SPARQL-based retrieval. Third, a design rationale retrieval prototype system is implemented. The experimental results show the advantages of the proposed approach.
Dormancy and germination responses of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) seeds to environmental cues
Authors: Windauer Liliana B. , Insausti Pedro , Biganzoli Fernando , Benech-Arnold Roberto , Izaguirre Miriam M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSeed germination of the kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosaA. Chev. C.F. Liang and A.R. Ferguson), a deciduous, perennial vine, is low because of seed dormancy. The main purpose of this study was to characterize kiwifruit seed dormancy and germination in response to environmental factors such as temperature and light. Dormancy of hydrated seeds is alleviated by the perception of a period at low temperatures (stratification) of at least 3 weeks at 2 or 5°C. Alleviation of dormancy is accomplished by incubation at fluctuating temperatures (20/30°C). A red light pulse did not affect germination, whereas a far-red light pulse strongly inhibited germination. This inhibition was readily reverted by a second pulse of red light, indicating that phytochromes are also involved in dormancy alleviation. Although seed germination was inhibited by the fruit pulp, the latter prevented neither perception of low temperature nor changes in the light sensitivity of the seeds. Therefore, it can be advanced that kiwifruit seeds will only germinate after dispersal if the time–temperature requirement for dormancy alleviation and fluctuating temperatures for dormancy termination are fulfilled. Perception of a closed canopy might interfere with dormancy termination.
Decontamination in the Electron Probe Microanalysis with a Peltier-Cooled Cold Finger
Authors: Buse Ben , Kearns Stuart , Clapham Charles , Hawley Donovan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA prototype Peltier thermoelectric cooling unit has been constructed to cool a cold finger on an electron microprobe. The Peltier unit was tested at 15 and 96 W, achieving cold finger temperatures of −10 and −27°C, respectively. The Peltier unit did not adversely affect the analytical stability of the instrument. Heat conduction between the Peltier unit mounted outside the vacuum and the cold finger was found to be very efficient. Under Peltier cooling, the vacuum improvement associated with water vapor deposition was not achieved; this has the advantage of avoiding severe degradation of the vacuum observed when warming up a cold finger from liquid nitrogen (LN2) temperatures. Carbon contamination rates were reduced as cooling commenced; by −27°C contamination rates were found to be comparable with LN2-cooled devices. Peltier cooling, therefore, provides a viable alternative to LN2-cooled cold fingers, with few of their associated disadvantages.
Structure of the Neisseria meningitidis Type IV pilus
Authors: Kolappan Subramania , Coureuil Mathieu , Yu Xiong , Nassif Xavier , Egelman Edward H. , Craig Lisa 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNeisseria meningitidis use Type IV pili (T4P) to adhere to endothelial cells and breach the blood brain barrier, causing cause fatal meningitis. T4P are multifunctional polymers of the major pilin protein, which share a conserved hydrophobic N terminus that is a curved extended α-helix, α1, in X-ray crystal structures. Here we report a 1.44 Å crystal structure of the N. meningitidis major pilin PilE and a ∼6 Å cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the intact pilus, from which we built an atomic model for the filament. This structure reveals the molecular arrangement of the N-terminal α-helices in the filament core, including a melted central portion of α1 and a bridge of electron density consistent with a predicted salt bridge necessary for pilus assembly. This structure has important implications for understanding pilus biology.
Donor and host photoreceptors engage in material transfer following transplantation of post-mitotic photoreceptor precursors
Authors: Pearson R. A. , Gonzalez-Cordero A. , West E. L. , Ribeiro J. R. , Aghaizu N. , Goh D. , Sampson R. D. , Georgiadis A. , Waldron P. V. , Duran Y. , Naeem A. , Kloc M. , Cristante E. , Kruczek K. , Warre-Cornish K. , Sowden J. C. , Smith A. J. , Ali R. R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPhotoreceptor replacement by transplantation is proposed as a treatment for blindness. Transplantation of healthy photoreceptor precursor cells into diseased murine eyes leads to the presence of functional photoreceptors within host retinae that express an array of donor-specific proteins. The resulting improvement in visual function was understood to be due to donor cells integrating within host retinae. Here, however, we show that while integration occurs the majority of donor-reporter-labelled cells in the host arises as a result of material transfer between donor and host photoreceptors. Material transfer does not involve permanent donor–host nuclear or cell–cell fusion, or the uptake of free protein or nucleic acid from the extracellular environment. Instead, RNA and/or protein are exchanged between donor and host cells in vivo. These data require a re-evaluation of the mechanisms underlying rescue by photoreceptor transplantation and raise the possibility of material transfer as a strategy for the treatment of retinal disorders.
Factors controlling bark decomposition and its role in wood decomposition in five tropical tree species
Authors: Dossa Gbadamassi G. O. , Paudel Ekananda , Cao Kunfang , Schaefer Douglas , Harrison Rhett D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOrganic matter decomposition represents a vital ecosystem process by which nutrients are made available for plant uptake and is a major flux in the global carbon cycle. Previous studies have investigated decomposition of different plant parts, but few considered bark decomposition or its role in decomposition of wood. However, bark can comprise a large fraction of tree biomass. We used a common litter-bed approach to investigate factors affecting bark decomposition and its role in wood decomposition for five tree species in a secondary seasonal tropical rain forest in SW China. For bark, we implemented a litter bag experiment over 12 mo, using different mesh sizes to investigate effects of litter meso- and macro-fauna. For wood, we compared the decomposition of branches with and without bark over 24 mo. Bark in coarse mesh bags decomposed 1.11–1.76 times faster than bark in fine mesh bags. For wood decomposition, responses to bark removal were species dependent. Three species with slow wood decomposition rates showed significant negative effects of bark-removal, but there was no significant effect in the other two species. Future research should also separately examine bark and wood decomposition and consider bark-removal experiments to better understand roles of bark in wood decomposition.
Entrainment of circadian rhythms to irregular light/dark cycles: a subterranean perspective
Authors: Flôres Danilo E. F. L. , Jannetti Milene G. , Valentinuzzi Veronica S. , Oda Gisele A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSynchronization of biological rhythms to the 24-hour day/night has long been studied with model organisms, under artificial light/dark cycles in the laboratory. The commonly used rectangular light/dark cycles, comprising hours of continuous light and darkness, may not be representative of the natural light exposure for most species, including humans. Subterranean rodents live in dark underground tunnels and offer a unique opportunity to investigate extreme mechanisms of photic entrainment in the wild. Here, we show automated field recordings of the daily light exposure patterns in a South American subterranean rodent, the tuco-tuco (Ctenomys aff. knighti ). In the laboratory, we exposed tuco-tucos to a simplified version of this natural light exposure pattern, to determine the minimum light timing information that is necessary for synchronization. As predicted from our previous studies using mathematical modeling, the activity rhythm of tuco-tucos synchronized to this mostly simplified light/dark regimen consisting of a single light pulse per day, occurring at randomly scattered times within a day length interval. Our integrated semi-natural, lab and computer simulation findings indicate that photic entrainment of circadian oscillators is robust, even in face of artificially reduced exposure and increased phase instability of the synchronizing stimuli.
Increased nicotine response in iPSC-derived human neurons carrying the CHRNA5 N398 allele
Authors: Oni Eileen N. , Halikere Apoorva , Li Guohui , Toro-Ramos Alana J. , Swerdel Mavis R. , Verpeut Jessica L. , Moore Jennifer C. , Bello Nicholas T. , Bierut Laura J. , Goate Alison , Tischfield Jay A. , Pang Zhiping P. , Hart Ronald P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGenetic variation in nicotinic receptor alpha 5 (CHRNA5) has been associated with increased risk of addiction-associated phenotypes in humans yet little is known the underlying neural basis. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were derived from donors homozygous for either the major (D398) or the minor (N398) allele of the nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs16969968, in CHRNA5. To understand the impact of these nicotinic receptor variants in humans, we differentiated these iPSCs to dopamine (DA) or glutamatergic neurons and then tested their functional properties and response to nicotine. Results show that N398 variant human DA neurons differentially express genes associated with ligand receptor interaction and synaptic function. While both variants exhibited physiological properties consistent with mature neuronal function, the N398 neuronal population responded more actively with an increased excitatory postsynaptic current response upon the application of nicotine in both DA and glutamatergic neurons. Glutamatergic N398 neurons responded to lower nicotine doses (0.1 μM) with greater frequency and amplitude but they also exhibited rapid desensitization, consistent with previous analyses of N398-associated nicotinic receptor function. This study offers a proof-of-principle for utilizing human neurons to study gene variants contribution to addiction.