bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prednisone Induces Cognitive Dysfunction, Neuronal Degeneration, and Reactive Gliosis in Rats
Authors: Ramos-Remus César , González-Castañeda Rocio E. , González-Perez Oscar , Luquin Sonia , García-Estrada Joaquin 
Published: May 2016

Background High glucocorticoid serum levels and prednisone (PDN) therapy have been associated with depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and some types of cognitive dysfunction in humans. Objective The aim of this study was to assess whether chronic (90 days) PDN administration produces disturbance in learning and memory retention associated with neuronal degeneration and cerebral glial changes. Methods Male Wistar rats were studied. Controls received 0.1 ml distilled water vehicle orally. The PDN group was treated orally with 5 mg/kg/d PDN, which is equivalent to moderate doses used in clinical settings. Learning and memory retention were assessed with the Morris water maze. The index of degenerated neurons as well as the number and cytoplasmic transformation of astrocytes and microglia cells were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex and the CA1 hippocampus. Results PDN-treated rats showed a significant delay of 20% in learning and memory retention as compared with controls. In addition, in the PDN group, the neuronal degeneration index was two times higher in the prefrontal cortex, and approximately 10 times higher in the CA1 hippocampus, than in control animals. The number and cytoplasmic transformation of astrocytes were also significantly higher in the PDN group than in control animals. In the PDN-treated group, isolectin-B4-labeled microglia cells were higher in the prefrontal cortex but not in the hippocampus. Conclusion These results suggest that chronic exposure to PDN produces learning and memory impairment, reduces neural viability, and increases glial reactivity in cerebral regions with these cognitive functions.
Guidelines for the Use of Cannabinoid Compounds in Chronic Pain
Authors: Clark AJ , Lynch ME , Ware M , Beaulieu P , McGilveray IJ , Gourlay D 
Published: May 2016

OBJECTIVE: To provide clinicians with guidelines for the use of cannabinoid compounds in the treatment of chronic pain.METHODS: Publications indexed from 1990 to 2005 in the National Library of Medicine Index Medicus were searched through PubMed. A consensus concerning these guidelines was achieved by the authors through review and discussion.RESULTS: There are few clinical trials, case reports or case series concerning the use of cannabinoid compounds in the treatment of chronic pain. There are no randomized clinical trials examining the use of herbal cannabis in the treatment of chronic pain.CONCLUSIONS: A practical approach to the treatment of chronic pain with cannabinoid compounds is presented. Specific suggestions about the off‐label dosing of nabilone (Cesamet, Valeant Canada limitée/Limited) and dronabinol (Marinol, Solvay Pharma Inc, Canada) in the treatment of chronic pain are provided.
Pharmacogenetic Discovery in CALGB (Alliance) 90401 and Mechanistic Validation of a VAC14 Polymorphism that Increases Risk of Docetaxel-Induced Neuropathy
Authors: Hertz Daniel L. , Owzar Kouros , Lessans Sherrie , Wing Claudia , Jiang Chen , Kelly William Kevin , Patel Jai , Halabi Susan , Furukawa Yoichi , Wheeler Heather E. , Sibley Alexander B. , Lassiter Cameron , Weisman Lois , Watson Dorothy , Krens Stefanie D. , Mulkey Flora , Renn Cynthia L. , Small Eric J. , Febbo Phillip G. , Shterev Ivo , Kroetz Deanna L. , Friedman Paula N. , Mahoney John F. , Carducci Michael A. , Kelley Michael J. , Nakamura Yusuke , Kubo Michiaki , Dorsey Susan G. , Dolan M. Eileen , Morris Michael J. , Ratain Mark J. , McLeod Howard L. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Discovery of SNPs that predict a patient's risk of docetaxel-induced neuropathy would enable treatment individualization to maximize efficacy and avoid unnecessary toxicity. The objectives of this analysis were to discover SNPs associated with docetaxel-induced neuropathy and mechanistically validate these associations in preclinical models of drug-induced neuropathy.
Experimental Design: A genome-wide association study was conducted in metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with docetaxel, prednisone and randomized to bevacizumab or placebo on CALGB 90401. SNPs were genotyped on the Illumina HumanHap610-Quad platform followed by rigorous quality control. The inference was conducted on the cumulative dose at occurrence of grade 3+ sensory neuropathy using a cause-specific hazard model that accounted for early treatment discontinuation. Genes with SNPs significantly associated with neuropathy were knocked down in cellular and mouse models of drug-induced neuropathy.
Results: A total of 498,081 SNPs were analyzed in 623 Caucasian patients, 50 (8%) of whom experienced grade 3+ neuropathy. The 1,000 SNPs most associated with neuropathy clustered in relevant pathways including neuropathic pain and axonal guidance. An SNP in VAC14 (rs875858) surpassed genome-wide significance (P = 2.12 × 10−8, adjusted P = 5.88 × 10−7). siRNA knockdown of VAC14 in stem cell–derived peripheral neuronal cells increased docetaxel sensitivity as measured by decreased neurite processes (P = 0.0015) and branches (P &lt; 0.0001). Prior to docetaxel treatment, VAC14 heterozygous mice had greater nociceptive sensitivity than wild-type litter mate controls (P = 0.001).
Conclusions: VAC14 should be prioritized for further validation of its potential role as a predictor of docetaxel-induced neuropathy and biomarker for treatment individualization. Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4890–900. ©2016 AACR.
Arterial Spin Labeling Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Performed in Acute Perinatal Stroke Reveals Hyperperfusion Associated With Ischemic Injury
Authors: Watson Christopher G. , Dehaes Mathieu , Gagoski Borjan A. , Grant P. Ellen , Rivkin Michael J. 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose—
Perfusion-weighted imaging in adults with acute stroke often reveals hypoperfusion in the ischemic core and in a surrounding area of nondiffusion-restricted penumbral tissue. Perinatal stroke is common, but the perfusion pattern is rarely documented. We aimed to describe the perfusion pattern in newborns with perinatal stroke.

Methods—
Neonates with clinical features of acute stroke underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Perfusion data were obtained using pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling. Strokes were classified as arterial, venous, or both. Core infarction was determined by the presence of restricted diffusion on diffusion-weighted imaging. Perfusion-weighted imaging and susceptibility-weighted imaging signal in the ischemic area were visually compared with the homologous region in the contralesional hemisphere. Electroencephalogram data were evaluated for seizure activity.

Results—
In 25 neonates with acute stroke, 8 of 11 (73%) with arterial ischemic stroke demonstrated hyperperfusion, 1 of 9 (11%) with venous stroke, and 4 of 5 (80%) with both. Hypoperfusion was observed in 3 of 9 (33%) with venous and none with arterial ischemic stroke. Perfusion was normal in 4 of 9 (45%) with venous and 1 of 5 (20%) with both. Twenty-one of 24 patients (88%) with electroencephalogram data had either electrographic seizures or focal sharp waves in the ipsilesional hemisphere (11/11 arterial ischemic stroke, 6/9 venous, and 4/5 both).

Conclusions—
Perfusion-weighted imaging can be obtained in neonates with acute stroke and often reveals hyperperfusion in the infarct core. Penumbra in arterial ischemic stroke is seldom found. Hyperperfusion may be caused by poststroke reperfusion or to neuronal hyperexcitability of stroke-associated seizure. Its identification may be useful for consideration of therapy for acute neonatal stroke.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurement of Transmission of Arterial Pulsation to the Brain on Propranolol Versus Amlodipine
Authors: Webb Alastair J.S. , Rothwell Peter M. 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose—
Cerebral arterial pulsatility is associated with leukoaraiosis and depends on central arterial pulsatility and arterial stiffness. The effect of antihypertensive drugs on transmission of central arterial pulsatility to the cerebral circulation is unknown, partly because of limited methods of assessment.

Methods—
In a technique-development pilot study, 10 healthy volunteers were randomized to crossover treatment with amlodipine and propranolol. At baseline and on each drug, we assessed aortic (Sphygmocor) and middle cerebral artery pulsatility (TCDtranscranial ultrasound). We also performed whole-brain, 3-tesla multiband blood-oxygen level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (multiband factor 6, repetition time=0.43s), concurrent with a novel method of continuous noninvasive blood pressure monitoring. Drug effects on relationships between cardiac cycle variation in blood pressure and blood-oxygen level dependent imaging were determined (fMRI Expert Analysis Tool, fMRIB Software Library [FEAT-FSL]).

Results—

Aortic pulsatility was similar on amlodipine (27.3 mm Hg) and propranolol (27.9 mm Hg,
P
diff=0.33), while MCA pulsatility increased nonsignificantly more from baseline on propranolol (+6%;
P
=0.09) than amlodipine (+1.5%;
P
=0.58). On magnetic resonance imaging, cardiac frequency blood pressure variations were found to be significantly more strongly associated with blood-oxygen level dependent imaging on propranolol than amlodipine.

Conclusions—
We piloted a novel method of assessment of arterial pulsatility with concurrent high-frequency blood-oxygen level dependent magnetic resonance imaging and noninvasive blood pressure monitoring. This method was able to identify greater transmission of aortic pulsation on propranolol than amlodipine, which warrants further investigation.
Degree and Timing of Intensive Blood Pressure Lowering on Hematoma Growth in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Carcel Cheryl , Wang Xia , Sato Shoichiro , Stapf Christian , Sandset Else Charlotte , Delcourt Candice , Arima Hisatomi , Robinson Thompson , Lavados Pablo , Chalmers John , Anderson Craig S. 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose—
Degree and timing of blood pressure (BP) lowering treatment in relation to hematoma growth were investigated in the Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial-2 (INTERACT2).

Methods—
INTERACT2 was an international clinical trial of intensive (target systolic BP [SBP], <140 mm Hg) versus guideline-recommended (SBP, <180 mm Hg) BP lowering in 2839 patients within 6 hours of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage and elevated SBP (150–220 mm Hg), in which 964 had repeat cranial computed tomography at 24 hours. ANCOVA models assessed categories of SBP reduction and time to target SBP on 24-hour hematoma growth.

Results—

Greater SBP reduction was associated with reduced hematoma growth (13.3, 5.0, and 3.0 mL for <10, 10–20, and ≥20 mm Hg, respectively;
P
trend<0.001). In the intensive treatment group (n=491), the least mean hematoma growth was in patients who achieved target SBP <1 hour (2.6 mL) versus to those in target at 1 to 6 (4.7 mL) and >6 hours (5.4 mL). The smallest mean absolute hematoma growth (2.0 mL) was in those achieving target SBP 5 to 8 times versus 3 to 4 (3.1 mL) and 0 to 2 times (5.2 mL).

Conclusions—
Intensive BP lowering with greater SBP reduction, which is achieved quickly and maintained consistently, seems to provide protection against hematoma growth for 24 hours.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00716079.
WRF with Water Vapor Tracers: A Study of Moisture Sources for the North American Monsoon
Authors: Dominguez Francina , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo , Hu Huancui 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe regional atmospheric Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model with water vapor tracer diagnostics (WRF-WVT) is used to quantify the water vapor from different oceanic and terrestrial regions that contribute to precipitation during the North American monsoon (NAM) season. The 10-yr (2004–13) June–October simulations with 20-km horizontal resolution were driven by North American Regional Reanalysis data. Results show that lower-level moisture comes predominantly from the Gulf of California and is the most important source of precipitation. Upper-level (above 800 mb) southeasterly moisture originates from the Gulf of Mexico and Sierra Madre Occidental to the east. Moisture from within the NAM region (local recycling) is the second-most important precipitation source, as the local atmospheric moisture is very efficiently converted into precipitation. However, WRF-WVT overestimates precipitation and evapotranspiration in the NAM region, particularly over the mountainous terrain. Direct comparisons with moisture source analysis using the extended dynamic recycling model (DRM) reveal that the simple model fails to correctly backtrack moisture in this region of strong vertical wind shear. Furthermore, the assumption of a well-mixed atmosphere causes the simple model to significantly underestimate local recycling. However, the direct comparison with WRF-WVT can be used to guide future DRM improvements.
Predictors for Permanent Medialization Laryngoplasty in Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Authors: Mor Niv , Wu Guojiao , Aylward Alana , Christos Paul J. , Sulica Lucian 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveEarly differentiation of patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (VFP) who recover from those who do not and consequently require permanent medialization laryngoplasty (ML) remains a challenge. The goal of this study is to identify factors that predict the need for ML.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingAcademic center.Subjects and MethodsA total of 507 records of patients with VFP were analyzed, of which 252 met criteria and were stratified according to whether or not they obtained ML. Demographic information and clinical features were analyzed to determine predictors of ML. A nomogram was generated according to the significance and utility of these parameters.ResultsOf 252 patients, 86 underwent ML, and 166 did not. No differences in age or sex were observed between the ML and non‐ML patients (P =. 27 and P =. 35, respectively). The most common cause of VFP was iatrogenic injury (62.79%, ML; 49.40%, non‐ML). ML correlated with VFP secondary to neoplastic disease (odds ratio [OR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.01‐4.53) and iatrogenic injury (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.01‐2.94). ML had an inverse correlation with idiopathic VFP (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.20‐0.79). Patients in the ML group were more likely to have left‐sided VFP, to have a history of aspiration, and to present ≥90 days from onset and less likely to have had temporary injection augmentation.ConclusionClinical features may be used to predict the likelihood of a patient obtaining ML. Nomograms may be useful to counsel patients who would benefit from early definitive surgery.
Shoulder Injuries in Men’s Collegiate Lacrosse, 2004-2009
Authors: Gardner Elizabeth C. , Chan Wayne W. , Sutton Karen M. , Blaine Theodore A. 
Published: May 2016

Background: Men’s lacrosse has been one of the fastest growing team sports in the United States, at both the collegiate and high school levels. Uniquely, it combines both continuous overhead and contact activity. Thus, an understanding of its injury epidemiology and mechanisms is vital. Shoulder injuries have been shown to be common in the sport, but thus far there has been no dedicated analysis of these injuries with which to better inform injury prevention strategies. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: All athlete exposures (AEs) and shoulder injuries reported to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance System for intercollegiate men’s lacrosse athletes from 2004-2005 through 2008-2009 were collected. Type of injury was documented and the injury incidence per 1000 AEs was calculated. Event type, injury mechanism, specific injury, outcome, and time lost were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using 95% CIs, calculated based on a normal approximation to Poisson distribution. Results: There were a total of 124 observed shoulder injuries during 229,591 monitored AEs. With weights, this estimates 1707 shoulder injuries over 2,873,973 AEs, for an incidence of 0.59 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 0.56-0.62). The incidence of shoulder injury during competition was 1.89 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 1.76-2.02), compared with 0.35 per 1000 AEs (95% CI, 0.33-0.38) during practice. Acromioclavicular joint injuries were most common (0.29 per 1000 AEs; 95% CI, 0.27-0.31). Labral injuries and instability events were also frequent (0.11 per 1000 AEs; 95% CI, 0.10-0.13). Player-to-player contact caused 57% of all shoulder injuries, with 25% due to contact with the playing surface. The average time lost was 11.0 days, with 41.9% of all shoulder injuries requiring ≥10 days. Clavicle fractures and posterior shoulder dislocation were particularly severe, with no athletes returning to play during the same season. Conclusion: Shoulder injuries are common in NCAA men’s lacrosse and are an important source of lost playing time. Acromioclavicular injuries were the most frequent injury in this series, but labral and instability injuries were also common. In this increasingly popular contact sport, an understanding of the epidemiology and mechanism of shoulder injuries may be used to improve protective equipment and develop injury prevention.
Esclaves de la scène : Blackface et acteurs noirs dans le vaudeville français du dix-neuvième siècle
Authors: Schreier Lise 
Published: May 2016

Résumé Comment représenter sur scène des personnes de couleur ? La question préoccupe longtemps le théâtre français, et c’est le vaudeville, genre généralement plus prompt à l’imitation qu’à l’innovation, qui le premier se risque à abandonner la pratique du blackface et à faire monter sur les planches des acteurs noirs. Nous sommes en 1847 ; si le maquillage noircissant est alors tenu pour ridicule, l’apparition de comédiens de couleur indigne. On ne comprend notamment pas qu’au moment où se débat l’abolition de l’esclavage (qui sera décrétée moins d’un an plus tard), on « oblige » des personnes de couleur à « s’exhiber » sur scène pour divertir les spectateurs. Cet essai propose une analyse de deux vaudevilles, l’un parodiant le recours au blackface et l’autre employant des acteurs de couleur, pour montrer que ce genre théâtral nous fournit des informations précieuses sur les perceptions d’un public populaire en matière de race.
Elevated AQP1 Expression Is Associated With Unfavorable Oncologic Outcome in Patients With Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Li Chunxiang , Li Xiaofu , Wu Linfeng , Jiang Zheng 
Published: May 2016

Background: Hilar cholangiocarcinomas are malignant tumors with a poor prognosis. An early prediction of prognosis for patients may help us determine treatment strategies. Aquaporin 1 is a cell membrane channel involved in water transport, cell motility, and proliferation. Increasing evidences showed that aquaporin 1 played a role in tumor prognosis and diagnosis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of aquaporin 1 in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: Here, we analyzed messenger RNA expression data of genes function as bile secretion in a data set of 169 samples using the R2 bioinformatic platform ( http://r2.amc.nl ). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction was performed to verify the gene expression in 17 hilar cholangiocarcinoma samples. Immunohistochemistry was also performed in a series of specimens from 62 hilar cholangiocarcinoma tissues, and its clinical significance was assessed by clinical correlation and Kaplan-Meier analyses. Results: All data were analyzed using the R2 web application, aquaporin 1 was selected for further analysis. The significant expression variation of aquaporin 1 among 17 cases with cholangiocarcinoma was also found using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression level of aquaporin 1 protein significantly correlated with tumor-node-metastasis stage ( P = .002) and overall survival time ( P = .010). Higher aquaporin 1 expression indicated poor prognostic outcomes ( P <.05, log-rank test). Multivariate analysis also showed strong aquaporin 1 protein expression was an independent adverse prognosticator in hilar cholangiocarcinoma ( P = .002). Conclusion: This study highlighted the prognostic value of aquaporin 1 in hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Strong aquaporin 1 expression predicts poor survival, regardless of pathological features. Immunohistochemical detection of aquaporin 1, as a prognostic marker, may contribute to predicting clinical outcome for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.
A principal components method constrained by elementary flux modes: analysis of flux data sets
Authors: von Stosch Moritz , Rodrigues de Azevedo Cristiana , Luis Mauro , Feyo de Azevedo Sebastiao , Oliveira Rui 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background
Non-negative linear combinations of elementary flux modes (EMs) describe all feasible reaction flux distributions for a given metabolic network under the quasi steady state assumption. However, only a small subset of EMs contribute to the physiological state of a given cell.

Results
In this paper, a method is proposed that identifies the subset of EMs that best explain the physiological state captured in reaction flux data, referred to as principal EMs (PEMs), given a pre-specified universe of EM candidates. The method avoids the evaluation of all possible combinations of EMs by using a branch and bound approach which is computationally very efficient. The performance of the method is assessed using simulated and experimental data of Pichia pastoris and experimental fluxome data of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The proposed method is benchmarked against principal component analysis (PCA), commonly used to study the structure of metabolic flux data sets.

Conclusions
The overall results show that the proposed method is computationally very effective in identifying the subset of PEMs within a large set of EM candidates (cases with ~100 and ~1000 EMs were studied). In contrast to the principal components in PCA, the identified PEMs have a biological meaning enabling identification of the key active pathways in a cell as well as the conditions under which the pathways are activated. This method clearly outperforms PCA in the interpretability of flux data providing additional insights into the underlying regulatory mechanisms.