bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Fires in Otolaryngology: A Systematic and Narrative Review
Authors: Day Andrew T. , Rivera Erika , Farlow Janice L. , Gourin Christine G. , Nussenbaum Brian 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo bring attention to the epidemiology, prevention, management, and consequences of surgical fires in otolaryngology by reviewing the literature.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus.Review MethodsComprehensive search terms were developed, and searches were performed from data source inception through August 2016. A total of 4506 articles were identified; 2351 duplicates were removed; and 2155 titles and abstracts were independently reviewed. Reference review was also performed. Eligible manuscripts described surgical fires involving patients undergoing otolaryngologic procedures.ResultsSeventy‐two articles describing 87 otolaryngologic surgical fire cases were identified. These occurred during oral cavity or oropharyngeal procedures (11%), endoscopic laryngotracheal procedures (25%), tracheostomies (36%), “other” general anesthesia procedures (3%), and monitored anesthesia care or local procedures (24%). Oxidizing agents consisted of oxygen alone (n = 63 of 81, 78%), oxygen and nitric oxide (n = 17 of 81, 21%), and room air (n = 1 of 81, 1%). The fractional inspired oxygen delivered was >30% in 97% of surgical fires in non–nitrous oxide general anesthesia cases (n = 35 of 36). Laser‐safe tubes were used in only 12% of endoscopic laryngotracheal cases with endotracheal tube descriptions (n = 2 of 17). Eighty‐six percent of patients experienced acute complications (n = 76 of 87), including 1 intraoperative death, and 22% of patients (n = 17 of 77) experienced long‐term complications.ConclusionSurgical fires in otolaryngology persist despite aggressive multi‐institutional efforts to curb their incidence. Guideline recommendations to minimize the concentration of delivered oxygen and use laser‐safe tubes when indicated were not observed in many cases. Improved institutional fire safety practices are needed nationally and internationally.
Investigating relationships between ancestry, lifestyle behaviors and perceptions of heart disease and breast cancer among Canadian women with British and with South Asian ancestry
Authors: Curtin Kimberley D , Berry Tanya R , Courneya Kerry S , McGannon Kerry R , Norris Colleen M , Rodgers Wendy M , Spence John C 
Published: January 2018

Background: Ethnic minority groups including Asians in Canada have different knowledge and perceptions of heart disease and breast cancer compared with the ethnic majority group. Aim: Examine relationships between perceptions of heart disease and breast cancer, and lifestyle behaviors for Canadian women with British and with South Asian ancestry. Methods: Women with South Asian ( n = 170) and with British ( n = 373) ancestry ( Mage = 33.01, SD = 12.86) reported leisure time physical activity, intended fruit and vegetable consumption, disease perceptions (ability to reduce risk, control over getting the diseases, and influence of family history), and demographic information. Mann–Whitney tests and multiple hierarchical linear regressions were used to examine the relationships between lifestyle behaviors and disease perceptions, with ancestry explored as a possible moderator. Results: Participants with South Asian ancestry believed they had greater ability to reduce their risk and have control over getting breast cancer than participants with British ancestry. Family history influences on getting either disease was perceived as higher for women with British ancestry. Age was positively related to all three perceptions in both diseases. Intended fruit and vegetable consumption was positively related to perceptions of ability to reduce risk and control of both diseases, but was stronger for women with South Asian ancestry regarding perceptions of breast cancer. Leisure time physical activity was positively related to perceptions of control over getting heart disease for women with British ancestry. Conclusions: Women’s disease perceptions can vary by ancestry and lifestyle behaviors. Accurate representation of diseases is essential in promoting effective preventative behaviors.
Pre-eclampsia and the risk of autism-spectrum disorder in offspring: meta-analysis
Authors: Dachew Berihun Assefa , Mamun Abdullah , Maravilla Joemer Calderon , Alati Rosa 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundEvidence about the effect of intrauterine exposure to pre-eclampsia on offspring autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) is not well established.AimsTo examine the association between pre-eclampsia and ASD.MethodPubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched. Pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran'sQ- and theI2−test. The presence of publication bias was evaluated by Egger's test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots.ResultsTen studies meet the inclusion criteria. The risk of ASD was 32% higher in offspring who had intrauterine exposure to pre-eclampsia compared with those not exposed (RR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.20–1.45). Sensitivity analysis revealed consistent pooled estimates ranging from RR = 1.30 (95% CI 1.17–1.44) to RR = 1.37 (95% CI 1.26–1.48). We found no significant heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias.ConclusionPre-eclampsia increased the risk of ASD in offspring. The finding suggests a need for early screening for ASD in offspring of women with pre-eclampsia.Declaration of interestNone.
Improving Breast Cancer Surgical Treatment Decision Making: The iCanDecide Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hawley Sarah T. , Li Yun , An Lawrence C. , Resnicow Kenneth , Janz Nancy K. , Sabel Michael S. , Ward Kevin C. , Fagerlin Angela , Morrow Monica , Jagsi Reshma , Hofer Timothy P. , Katz Steven J. 
Published: January 2018

PurposeThis study was conducted to determine the effect of iCanDecide, an interactive and tailored breast cancer treatment decision tool, on the rate of high-quality patient decisions—both informed and values concordant—regarding locoregional breast cancer treatment and on patient appraisal of decision making.MethodsWe conducted a randomized clinical trial of newly diagnosed patients with early-stage breast cancer making locoregional treatment decisions. From 22 surgical practices, 537 patients were recruited and randomly assigned online to the iCanDecide interactive and tailored Web site (intervention) or the iCanDecide static Web site (control). Participants completed a baseline survey and were mailed a follow-up survey 4 to 5 weeks after enrollment to assess the primary outcome of a high-quality decision, which consisted of two components, high knowledge and values-concordant treatment, and secondary outcomes (decision preparation, deliberation, and subjective decision quality).ResultsPatients in the intervention arm had higher odds of making a high-quality decision than did those in the control arm (odds ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.37 to 2.92; P = .0004), which was driven primarily by differences in the rates of high knowledge between groups. The majority of patients in both arms made values-concordant treatment decisions (78.6% in the intervention arm and 81.4% in the control arm). More patients in the intervention arm had high decision preparation (estimate, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.34; P = .027), but there were no significant differences in the other decision appraisal outcomes. The effect of the intervention was similar for women who were leaning strongly toward a treatment option at enrollment compared with those who were not.ConclusionThe tailored and interactive iCanDecide Web site, which focused on knowledge building and values clarification, positively affected high-quality decisions largely by improving knowledge compared with static online information. To be effective, future patient-facing decision tools should be integrated into the clinical workflow to improve decision making.
EASY—An Instrument for Surveillance of Physical Activity in Youth
Authors: PATE RUSSELL R. , MCIVER KERRY L. , DOWDA MARSHA , SCHENKELBERG MICHAELA A. , BEETS MICHAEL V. , DISTEFANO CHRISTINE 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Physical activity (PA) promotion among youth is a public health priority, and there is a need for robust surveillance systems to help support such initiatives. Existing youth PA self-report instruments that are used for surveillance lack information regarding the types and contexts of activity. Further, these instruments have limited validity with accelerometry. The purpose of the present study was to develop a self-report instrument, with sound psychometric properties, for monitoring compliance with PA guidelines in youth.

Methods
In focus groups, 162 middle school students identified 30 forms of PA that are highly prevalent in that age-group. We incorporated these activities into three preliminary forms of a self-report instrument. An independent sample of middle school students (n = 537) was randomly assigned to complete one of the three preliminary versions of the instrument. Rasch analysis was applied to the responses to the three formats, and a yes/no plus frequency format emerged as the preferred method. A third sample of 342 middle school students then completed the yes/no plus frequency instrument twice after a 7-d period during which they wore an accelerometer. Using both Rasch analysis and traditional correlational methods, validity and reliability of a 14-item instrument were established. Data were collected during 2012–2015.

Results
Spearman correlation coefficient for the association between the cumulative score for the 14 items and minutes per day of accelerometry-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 0.33 (95% confidence interval = 0.22–0.43, P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity values of the 14-item instrument were 0.90 and 0.44, respectively.

Conclusions
The study produced a PA self-report instrument for youth that was found to be reliable (r = 0.91), valid versus accelerometry (r = 0.33), and with acceptable specificity and sensitivity in detecting compliance with PA guidelines.
O Caso dos Refugiados Norte-coreanos na Coreia do Sul: Questões sobre Identidade, Nação e Acolhimento
Authors: Mattos Moreira Thiago 
Published: January 2018

Este artigo vem analisar o caso dos migrantes norte-coreanos na Coreia do Sul, figuras ambíguas que abarcam em si elementos de refugiado, desertores políticos e co-nacionais em sua nova morada. Através de uma análise histórica e documental das políticas públicas da Coreia do Sul para o Norte, e em especial para com estes indivíduos que vem a sua administração buscar amparo humanitário, este artigo tenta evidenciar as discrepâncias entre uma resiliente narrativa de unidade entre os dois países e a crescente desassociação identitária dentre seus habitantes. A intenção fundamental é que o estudo deste caso abra portas para abordagens mais plurais sobre as origens e efeitos das identidades nacionais.
Increased sclerostin associated with stress fracture of the third metacarpal bone in the Thoroughbred racehorse
Authors: Hopper N. , Singer E. , Henson F. 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesThe exact aetiology and pathogenesis of microdamage-induced long bone fractures remain unknown. These fractures are likely to be the result of inadequate bone remodelling in response to damage. This study aims to identify an association of osteocyte apoptosis, the presence of osteocytic osteolysis, and any alterations in sclerostin expression with a fracture of the third metacarpal (Mc-III) bone of Thoroughbred racehorses.MethodsA total of 30 Mc-III bones were obtained; ten bones were fractured during racing, ten were from the contralateral limb, and ten were from control horses. Each Mc-III bone was divided into a fracture site, condyle, condylar groove, and sagittal ridge. Microcracks and diffuse microdamage were quantified. Apoptotic osteocytes were measured using TUNEL staining. Cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13), HtrA1, and sclerostin expression were analyzed.ResultsIn the fracture group, microdamage was elevated 38.9% (sd 2.6) compared with controls. There was no difference in the osteocyte number and the percentage of apoptotic cells between contralateral limb and unraced control; however, there were significantly fewer apoptotic cells in fractured samples (p < 0.02). Immunohistochemistry showed that in deep zones of the fractured samples, sclerostin expression was significantly higher (p < 0.03) than the total number of osteocytes. No increase in cathepsin K, MMP-13, or HtrA1 was present.ConclusionThere is increased microdamage in Mc-III bones that have fractured during racing. In this study, this is not associated with osteocyte apoptosis or osteocytic osteolysis. The finding of increased sclerostin in the region of the fracture suggests that this protein may be playing a key role in the regulation of bone microdamage during stress adaptation. Cite this article: N. Hopper, E. Singer, F. Henson. Increased sclerostin associated with stress fracture of the third metacarpal bone in the Thoroughbred racehorse. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:94–102. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.71.BJR-2016-0202.R4.
The morphological characters of Mothocya taurica (Czerniavsky, 1868) and Emetha audouini (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) from Turkey
Authors: Ã–KTENER AHMET , ALAÅž ALI , TÃœRKER DILEK 
Published: January 2018

Ã–ktener A, AlaÅŸ A, TÃ¼rker D. 2017. The morphological characters of Mothocya taurica (Czerniavsky, 1868) and Emetha audouini (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) from Turkey. Bonorowo Wetlands 1: 55-64. This paper aims to present morphological characters of two species Mothocya taurica (Czerniavsky, 1868) and Emetha audouini (H. Milne Edwards, 1840) from Turkey. Although Mothocya taurica with different synonymies were described by several researchers, Bruce (1986) indicated the necessity of redescription of Mothocya taurica. Pleopods 1 to 5 having peduncle medial margin with 4 hooks of Emetha audouini are found for the first time in this study as distinct from other studies. Also, the host preferences of these parasites are given.
Motorcyclists and pillion passengers with open lower-limb fractures: a study using TARN data 2007–2014
Authors: Hay-David AGC , Stacey T , Pallister I ,   on behalf of the Trauma Audit and Research Network Research Committee, University of Manchester
Published: January 2018

IntroductionWe aimed to identify population demographics of motorcyclists and pillion passengers with isolated open lower-limb fractures, to ascertain the impact of the revised 2009 British Orthopaedic Association/British Association of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons joint standards for the management of open fractures of the lower limb (BOAST 4), in terms of time to skeletal stabilisation and soft-tissue coverage, and to observe any impact on patient movement.MethodsRetrospective cohort data was collected by the Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN). A longitudinal analysis was performed between two timeframes in England (pre-and post-BOAST 4 revision): 2007–2009 and 2010–2014.ResultsA total of 1564 motorcyclists and 64 pillion passengers were identified. Of these, 93% (1521/1628) were male. The median age for males was 30.5 years and 36.7 years for females. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of patients who underwent skeletal stabilisation (49% vs 65%, P < 0.0001), the time from injury to skeletal stabilisation (7.33 hours vs 14.3 hours, P < 0.0001) and the proportion receiving soft-tissue coverage (26% vs 43%, P < 0.0001). There was no difference in the time from injury to soft-tissue coverage (62.3 hours vs 63.7 hours, P = 0.726). The number of patients taken directly to a major trauma centre (or its equivalent) increased between the two timeframes (12.5% vs, 41%, P < 0.001).ConclusionsSince the 2009 BOAST 4 revision, there has been no difference in the time taken from injury to soft-tissue coverage but the time from injury to skeletal stabilisation is longer. There has also been an increase in patient movement to centres offering joint orthopaedic and plastic care.
Genome-Wide Screen for New Components of theDrosophila melanogasterTorso Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pathway
Authors: Johns Alex R , Henstridge Michelle A , Saligari Melissa J , Moore Karyn A , Whisstock James C , Warr Coral G , Johnson Travis K 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPatterning of the Drosophila embryonic termini by the Torso (Tor) receptor pathway has long served as a valuable paradigm for understanding how receptor tyrosine kinase signaling is controlled. However, the mechanisms that underpin the control of Tor signaling remain to be fully understood. In particular, it is unclear how the Perforin-like protein Torso-like (Tsl) localizes Tor activity to the embryonic termini. To shed light on this, together with other aspects of Tor pathway function, we conducted a genome-wide screen to identify new pathway components that operate downstream of Tsl. Using a set of molecularly defined chromosomal deficiencies, we screened for suppressors of ligand-dependent Tor signaling induced by unrestricted Tsl expression. This approach yielded 59 genomic suppressor regions, 11 of which we mapped to the causative gene, and a further 29 that were mapped to &lt;15 genes. Of the identified genes, six represent previously unknown regulators of embryonic Tor signaling. These include twins (tws), which encodes an integral subunit of the protein phosphatase 2A complex, and α-tubulin at 84B (αTub84B), a major constituent of the microtubule network, suggesting that these may play an important part in terminal patterning. Together, these data comprise a valuable resource for the discovery of new Tor pathway components. Many of these may also be required for other roles of Tor in development, such as in the larval prothoracic gland where Tor signaling controls the initiation of metamorphosis.
ANALISIS DAMPAK REKLAMASI TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN DAN PERIKANAN DI TELUK JAKARTA
Authors: Puspasari Reny , Hartati Sri Turni , Anggawangsa Regi Fiji 
Published: January 2018

Reklamasi pantai Teluk Jakarta merupakan rencana pemerintah yang ditujukan untuk mengendalikan banjir di Kota Jakarta dan pengembangan area bisnis yang tumbuh semakin pesat. Reklamasi dilaksanakan dengan membangun tanggul raksasa sepanjang 60 km di Teluk Jakarta dan pembangunan 18 pulau kecil di depan pantai. Reklamasi pantai dapat memberikan dampak terhadap lingkungan perairan dan perikanan. Dalam rangka pelaksanaan pengelolaan perikanan berkelanjutan, maka perlu dilakukan analisis dampak reklamasi terhadap kondisi kualitas air dan perikanan di teluk Jakarta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak reklamasi terhadap kondisi kualitas air dan perikanan melalui analisis data primer dan sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reklamasi pantai menambah tekanan terhadap kondisi lingkungan perairan yang diindikasikan oleh penurunan kecerahan perairan, salinitas dan nilai indeks keanekaragaman fitoplankton dan makrozoobenthos. Reklamasi pantai akan menghilangkan daerah penangkapan sero, bagan tancap dan keramba kerang hijau, yang mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan produksi ikan. Potensi penurunan produksi ikan yang akan terjadi sekitar 82,2 ton/tahun. Di sisi lain, bagian timur Teluk Jakarta mempunyai potensi sebagai daerah asuhan ikan dan udang. Reklamasi pantai akan mengganggu fungsi ekologis Teluk Jakarta sebagai daerah asuhan ikan dan udang. Reklamasi Teluk Jakarta dapat dilaksanakan dengan disertai upaya pengelolaan kawasan untuk menjaga peran dan fungsi ekologisnya.Coastal reclamation in Jakarta Bay is one of government planning as flood disaster management and business development area that has been grow very fast. A 60 km of giant sea wall and 18 small reclamation islands in Jakarta Bay will be developed. Coastal reclamation will have an impact on environment and fisheries. In the context of sustainable fisheries management, an impact analysis of coastal reclamation on water quality and fisheries are needed. Research objectives are to analyze the coastal reclamation impact on water quality and fisheries in Jakarta Bay, through primary and secondary data analysis. Results showed that coastal reclamation adds pressure to water quality indicated by decreasing the water transparency, salinity and the value of diversity index of phytoplankton and makrozoobenthos. Coastal reclamation will eliminate the fishing area of set net (stationary fishing gear), stationary lift net and green mussel trap nets, resulting in fish production loss. The potential decrease of fish production is about 82,2 ton/yr . On the other side, Jakarta Bay has a potential area of fish and shrimp nursery ground in the eastern part of the bay. Coastal reclamation will disrupt its ecological function as nursery ground. Reclamation of Jakarta Bay can be carried out along with area management to maintain its ecological role and function.
Análisis epidemiológico-forense de las electrocuciones en Colombia durante 2010-2014.
Authors: Tejada Valbuena Alberto 
Published: January 2018

Introducción: El presente estudio permitió identificar las características de las personas electrocutadas en Colombia en el periodo 2010-2014, tanto en las variables sociodemográficas como en los principales hallazgos en la necropsia.
Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, retrospectivo, con información obtenida de los informes de necropsia del Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses.
Resultados y discusión: Se analizaron 899 casos de electrocución, el 92,8% corresponde a hombres; el 52,4% de las personas estaba trabajando en el momento de la muerte y el 71,5% de los electrocutados era del área urbana de Colombia. Se determinaron las tasas de mortalidad de las ciudades con mayor frecuencia de electrocuciones en Colombia y se compararon con la tasa nacional. El 63,4% de las electrocuciones fue por alto voltaje y se deter minaron los sitios de entrada y salida de la corriente, con una proporción de casos con extensa quemadura. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el voltaje y hallazgos en la piel; sin embargo, no se encontró asociación entre el tipo voltaje y los hallazgos al examen interno. La mayoría de las muertes fueron accidentales, mientras que se encontró un caso de homicidio y un caso de posible suicidio. </p
Conclusiones: Las muertes por electrocución representan un problema oculto en muchas ciudades de Colombia, con características sociodemográficas susceptibles de prevención por los estamentos gubernamentales. El perito forense debe conocer los conceptos y hallazgos típicos y atípicos de las electrocuciones de acuerdo con el contexto de los hechos, tipo de voltaje y hallazgos para realizar un abordaje adecuado de la necropsia.