bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Avaliação do nível de conhecimento de alunos de pós-graduação em Radiologia e Imaginologia sobre mucosite oral
Authors: Carvalho Eloisa Muller , Silva Milena Bortolotto Felippe , Ramos Carolina Judica , Fava Marcelo , Torres Silvia Cristina Mazeti 
Published: July 2017

Este estudo observacional transversal objetivou avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas, alunos de pós-graduação em Radiologia e Imaginologia da Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic -Campinas sobre diagnóstico, prevenção e tratamento de mucosite oral induzida pelo tratamento do câncer, por meio da aplicação um questionário. Participaram da pesquisa 54 voluntários, cirurgiões dentistas, alunos de especialização e mestrado, que responderam um questionário desenvolvido para esta pesquisa, composto de questões para caracterização do entrevistado e questões para avaliar os conhecimentos sobre mucosite. Após a coleta, os dados obtidos foram tabulados no editor de planilhas Microsoft Office Excel e submetidos a uma análise estatística descritiva e analítica das variáveis coletadas. Os resultados revelaram que quanto à auto-avaliação do conhecimento específico sobre mucosite oral foi “Regular” (44,6%) a resposta mais prevalente, seguida de “Bom” com 30,4%, “Insuficiente” com 17,9% e “Ótimo”, com 7,1%. Questionados sobre o contato com a mucosite oral na prática clínica, 62,5% dos voluntários (n:35) responderam não ter tido contato e 35,7% responderam ter tido contato com a mucosite oral (n:20). O local de conhecimento da condição foi na graduação (75%); e quanto à conduta 12,5% realizariam o tratamento e 64,3% encaminhariam para um estomatologista; e 50% dos investigados relataram não ter tido orientação de prevenção e tratamento da mucosite oral durante o curso de Graduação. Pode se concluir que os entrevistados têm conhecimento teórico em nível médio (54,97%) sobre os conceitos mais gerais de mucosite oral; e a grande maioria (62,5%) não teve experiência clínica com esta patologia.
Danos cromossômicos e alterações nucleares em células esfoliadas do epitélio gengival de indivíduos com periodontite crônica moderada
Authors: Silva Ronaldo Carvalho , Neris Murilo Araújo , Lopes Maiza Alves , Cerqueira Eneida Moraes Marcílio , Meireles José Roberto Cardoso 
Published: July 2017

<strong>Introdução:</strong> a periodontite é uma doença multifatorial que resulta primariamente da ação de bactérias nos tecidos que compõem o periodonto. O processo inflamatório que se desenvolve em consequência está associado ao aumento da proliferação celular que propicia a ocorrência de danos no material genético. <strong>Objetivo:</strong> avaliar, com uso do teste de micronúcleo, a ocorrência de danos genéticos e alterações nucleares em indivíduos com lesões periodontais crônicas. <strong>Materiais e métodos:</strong> a amostra incluiu dez indivíduos portadores de periodontite crônica em início do tratamento no Centro de Especialidades Odontológicas (CEO) de Senhor do Bonfim/BA. Os participantes responderam a um questionário e células esfoliadas da mucosa gengival de regiões sem alterações e com periodontite crônica moderada foram coletadas. Este material foi transferido para lâmina de vidro, fixado com metanol/ácido acético (3:1), corado com reativo de Shiff e <em>fast green</em> e analisado sob microscopia óptica. A análise estatística foi feita com o teste condicional para comparação de proporções em situações de eventos raros. <strong>Resultados:</strong> a ocorrência de micronúcleo, alterações nucleares degenerativas (cariorréxis, cariólise, cromatina condensada, picnose) e vacúolos nucleares foi significativamente maior em células da lesão. A ocorrência de <em>broken eggs</em> não diferiu estatísticamente. <strong>Conclusões:</strong> a periodontite crônica é uma doença na qual há comprometimento da integridade genética das células do epitélio gengival. A maior ocorrência de alterações indicativas de apoptose na área da periodontite crônica aponta para a resposta biológica do organismo ao insulto genotóxico ao qual as células nesta lesão estão submetidas.
Typical Mathematical Education Cannot Predict Non‐Verbal Number Sense
Authors: Cui Jiaxin , Zhang Yiyun , Zhou Aibao , Gao Xing , Zhang Chen , Zhou Xinlin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFormal education would promote symbolic number processing ability, but the relationship between non‐symbolic number sense and mathematical education remains controversial. The current investigation hypothesized that non‐symbolic number sense is independent from the limited human experience of mathematical education, while symbolic number processing could be influenced by related closely to mathematical education. Experiment 1 compared both non‐symbolic number sense and arithmetic computation of undergraduates majoring in STEM fields and humanities. Experiment 2 compared homologous undergraduates from China and Kyrgyzstan in non‐symbolic number sense and mathematical cognitive processing. Both of two experiments found that mathematical education was significantly associated with symbolic mathematics, but not with non‐symbolic number sense. The results suggest that while mathematical education might improve symbolic mathematics, it does not alter non‐symbolic number sense.
Disparities Between Rural and Urban Communities: Response to 18 Months of Diet and Exercise Versus Control for Knee Osteoarthritis and Overweight or Obesity
Authors: Messier Stephen P. , Monroe Megan G. , Callahan Leigh F. , Mihalko Shannon L. , Beavers Daniel P. , Queen Kate , Miller Gary D. , Losina Elena , Katz Jeffrey N. , Loeser Richard F. , DeVita Paul , Hunter David J. , Quandt Sara A. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe study objective was to determine whether the clinical response of older adults with knee osteoarthritis and overweight or obesity to 18 months of diet and exercise (D + E) or attention control (C) interventions differed between participants from rural versus urban communities.MethodsParticipants were 823 older adults (mean age, 64.6 years; 77% women) with knee osteoarthritis and overweight or obesity who resided in rural (n = 410) and urban (n = 413) counties in North Carolina. All were enrolled in the Weight Loss and Exercise for Communities with Arthritis in North Carolina clinical trial that randomly assigned participants to either 18 months of D + E or C interventions. General linear models were used to examine differences in clinical outcomes between rural and urban groups after adjusting for covariates.ResultsThe rural group had significant differences (P < 0.05) at baseline in clinical outcomes, education, comorbidities, medication use, and income compared with the urban dwellers. After adjusting for baseline differences, the group (rural or urban) by treatment (D + E or C) interactions for Western Ontario McMasters Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain (rural: D + E – C = −0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] −1.31 to 0.06; urban: D + E − C= −0.29, 95% CI −0.99 to 0.41; P = 0.50) and WOMAC function (rural: D + E − C = −4.60, 95% CI −6.89 to −2.31; urban: D + E − C = −1.38, 95% CI −3.73 to 0.94; P = 0.054) indicated that the groups responded similarly to the interventions.ConclusionAmong participants with knee osteoarthritis and overweight or obesity, D + E compared to C led to similar pain outcomes in rural and urban dwellers that favored D + E. The possibility that there may be greater differential efficacy in functional outcomes among rural participants needs further study.image
Unveiling the Influence of Lower‐Valence Ni in Hydroxide Co‐Catalyst and Attaining Efficient Photoanodes with FeOOH Holes Transfer Layer for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Li Chunxiao , Xiao Jingran , Jia Xin , Zhao Qifeng , Du Borui , Wang Bo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectronic structure regulation is a prevailing approach to modifying the electrocatalysts in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), yet its impact on the co‐catalysts modified photoanodes remains uncertain. Herein, B‐modified NiFe‐LDH (NiFeB‐hydx) co‐catalyst in situ is immobilized onto Ti‐Fe2O3 and emphasizes the effect of lower‐valence Ni (Ni2‐δ) in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) process. A flexible adjustment in the oxidation state of Ni from +2 to 0 by manipulating the Ni content and the corresponding B quantity is achieved. Interestingly, the Ni0 significantly reduces the onset potential low to 0.53 VRHE, albeit leading to wasted holes due to incomplete redox transition. An optimal amount of Ni2‐δ effectively facilitates the redox transition of Ni and achieves a delicate balance between hole extraction and consumption, substantially enhancing the PEC performance. Density functional theory calculations verifies the electron enrichment of Ni and the corresponding benefits for enhancing OER. Furthermore, introducing FeOOH as a hole transfer layer on Ti‐Fe2O3 induces a pronounced band bending effect, remarkably promoting the meticulously engineered NiFeB‐hydx/FeOOH/Ti‐Fe2O3 photoanode to a photocurrent density of 3.29 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE. NiFeB‐hydx/FeOOH can be universally applied to the BiVO4 photoanode, resulting in doubled photocurrent density (4.8 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE).
Indium Nanoparticle‐Decorated Graphite Felt Electrodes for Efficient and Long‐Cycle Zinc‐Bromine Flow Batteries
Authors: Yang Xinmiao , Yu Junjian , Chen Jinrong , Zhou Xuelong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractZinc‐bromine flow batteries (ZBFBs) offer the potential for large‐scale, low‐cost energy storage; however, zinc dendrite formation on the electrodes presents challenges such as short‐circuiting and diminished performance. Herein, an indium nanoparticle‐decorated graphite felt composite electrode for ZBFBs is proposed to mitigate zinc dendrite formation, improve performance, and prolong operational longevity. Using a facile in situ electrodeposition method, indium nanoparticles are uniformly and densely distributed on the carbon fiber surface, demonstrating exceptional efficacy in regulating zinc deposition. Thus, a higher prevalence of Zn (002) crystal planes and a smoother and more compact surface morphology are obtained, compared with those of thermally treated graphite felt. Furthermore, integration of the composite electrode into the negative side of a ZBFB yielded substantial improvements in cell performance, achieving an energy efficiency of 66.83% ± 0.45% at 120 mA cm−2, significantly surpassing the performance of batteries utilizing thermally treated graphite felt (52.64% ± 1.50%). Notably, the cycle life of the battery is extended by more than five‐fold with the composite electrode, underscoring the remarkable zinc deposition‐regulating capabilities of the indium nanoparticles.
Sprayable Nanocomposites Hydrogel for Wound Healing and Skin Regeneration
Authors: Li Sihua , Luo Meng , Li Juntang , Huang Qian , Lei Bo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWound management remains a critical challenge worldwide and imposes a huge financial burden on every nation. Hydrogels are promising for biomedical applications because of their extracellular matrix (ECM) like structure, good biocompatibility and multifunctional bioactivity. However, the poor mechanical properties and inconvenient operation of traditional hydrogels make it difficult to meet the complex and multifaceted needs of clinical practice. In recent years, the multifunctional nanocomposites hydrogel with especially sprayable feature have shown enhanced mechanical properties and facile operation, which enable their huge clinical applications value. A unique and powerful nanocomposite hydrogels (NCH) platform is developed by combining the many advantages of nanomaterials and hydrogels, which can achieve efficient trauma repair. This work reviews important advances on the preparation, functions and applications of sprayable NCH platforms. The challenges and future trends in the field with the aim of providing researchers with clarity on the past, present, and future of the emerging field of sprayable NCH are also proposed in detail.
A Novel Multiple Shape Memory Effect in PVDF‐Based Ferroelectric Copolymers and Terpolymers
Authors: Jin Jiayi , Wang Zhaopeng , Zhu Yuhong , Jiang Haitao , Peng Rui , Chu Baojin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractShape memory polymers (SMPs) have been extensively investigated because of their wide range of biomedical and robot applications. In most of SMPs, only one temporary shape can be formed and recovered through the mechanism of melting or glass transition. Herein, a multiple shape memory effect (mSME), i.e., formation of at least two temporary shapes, can be realized in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)‐based ferroelectric polymers by exploiting their expanded ferroelectric–paraelectric (F‐P) phase transition temperature range. Although P(VDF‐TrFE) (TrFE: trifluoroethylene) (55/45) copolymer is thought to be a normal ferroelectric, its ferroelectric phase transforms into a paraelectric phase through an intermediate relaxor ferroelectric‐like state and mSME is observed in this extended phase transition temperature range. By incorporating CTFE (chlorotrifluoroethylene) into P(VDF‐TrFE), P(VDF‐TrFE‐CTFE) becomes a relaxor ferroelectric with a further extended phase transition temperature range. The terpolymer exhibits improved mSME and at least three temporary shapes can be formed and recovered. A comparison of SME and structures of several PVDF‐based copolymer and terpolymers suggests that the amount of polar phase is a critical factor affecting the SME. This study not only demonstrates mSME in ferroelectric polymers, which expands their application potential, but also provides an in‐depth understanding of the shape memory mechanism of the polymers.
Advancing Multi‐Ion Sensing with Poly‐Octylthiophene: 3D‐Printed Milker‐Implantable Microfluidic Device
Authors: Ali Md. Azahar , Ataei Kachouei Matin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOn‐site rapid multi‐ion sensing accelerates early identification of environmental pollution, water quality, and disease biomarkers in both livestock and humans. This study introduces a pocket‐sized 3D‐printed sensor, manufactured using additive manufacturing, specifically designed for detecting iron (Fe2+), nitrate (NO3–), calcium (Ca2+), and phosphate (HPO42−). A unique feature of this device is its utilization of a universal ion‐to‐electron transducing layer made from highly redox‐active poly‐octylthiophene (POT), enabling an all‐solid‐state electrode tailored to each ion of interest. Manufactured with an extrusion‐based 3D printer, the device features a periodic pattern of lateral layers (width = 80 µm), including surface wrinkles. The superhydrophobic nature of the POT prevents the accumulation of nonspecific ions at the interface between the gold and POT layers, ensuring exceptional sensor selectivity. Lithography‐free, 3D‐printed sensors achieve sensitivity down to 1 ppm of target ions in under a minute due to their 3D‐wrinkled surface geometry. Integrated seamlessly with a microfluidic system for sample temperature stabilization, the printed sensor resides within a robust, pocket‐sized 3D‐printed device. This innovation integrates with milking parlors for real‐time calcium detection, addressing diagnostic challenges in on‐site livestock health monitoring, and has the capability to monitor water quality, soil nutrients, and human diseases.
Factors associated with diabesity in older women: A cross‐sectional investigation
Authors: Brum Karol Kaina Moraes , dos Santos Lucas , Godinho Gabriel Alves , Carneiro José Ailton Oliveira , Brito Thaís Alves , Fernandes Marcos Henrique , da Silva Coqueiro Raildo , Miranda Camille Giehl Martins 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the factors associated with diabesity in older women.MethodsThis epidemiological study used a cross‐sectional design and included 196 older women (72.70 ± 7.20 years) from Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. Diabesity was defined as having both an elevated abdominal circumference (≥88 cm) and diabetes mellitus. For the inferential analyses, we constructed crude models followed by a multiple hierarchical explanatory model, with the following levels: Level 1 (socioeconomic variables), Level 2 (behavioral aspects), and Level 3 (health conditions). Poisson regression with a robust estimator was employed, and we calculated Prevalence Ratios (PR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI).ResultsThe prevalence of abdominal obesity, diabetes mellitus, and diabesity were 79.60%, 27.80%, and 22.40%, respectively. Women who were insufficiently active had a higher likelihood of diabesity (PR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.22–3.41), as did those who spent more time in sedentary behavior (PR: 1.81; 95% CI: 1.04–3.16), used three or more continuous medications (PR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.29–4.89), or reported a negative self‐perception of health (PR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.03–5.80).ConclusionThe study identified several factors associated with diabesity in older women: insufficient physical activity, prolonged sedentary behavior, polypharmacy, and negative self‐perception of health.
An early cladoxylopsid with complex vascular architecture: Paracladoxylon kespekianum gen. et sp. nov. from the Lower Devonian (Emsian) of Quebec, Canada
Authors: Chu Jessica , Durieux Thibault , Tomescu Alexandru M. F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPremiseCladoxylopsids, one of the first lineages with complex organization to rise from the plexus of structurally simple plants that comprised the earliest euphyllophyte floras, are moniliformopsid euphyllophytes. They formed Earth's earliest forests by the Middle Devonian and are thought to have given rise to the equisetopsids and probably some fern lineages. The Lower Devonian (Emsian) Battery Point Formation (Quebec, Canada) contains previously unrecognized cladoxylopsids preserved anatomically. One of these provides new data on structural evolution among euphyllophytes and is described here.MethodsThe anatomy and morphology of permineralized axes of the new plant were studied with light and electron microscopy on sections produced using the cellulose acetate peel technique. Morphological comparisons and phylogenetic analysis were used for taxonomic placement of the plant.ResultsThe plant represents a new species, Paracladoxylon kespekianum Chu et Tomescu, gen. et sp. nov., that has tracheids with modern‐looking bordered pits and the complex cauline vascular architecture characteristic of the genus Cladoxylon. Its dissected ultimate appendages have complex regular taxis and a pattern of vascularization that suggests bilateral symmetry.ConclusionsParacladoxylon kespekianum is one of the largest Early Devonian euphyllophytes, among the oldest representatives of the cladoxylopsid group, and older than any species of the closely related Cladoxylon by at least 35 million years. It is also one of the oldest anatomically preserved representatives of the cladoxylopsid group. Its anatomical organization pushes the rise of complex vascular architecture among moniliformopsid euphyllophytes deeper in time than previously recognized.
Leaf mass per area: An investigation into the application of the ubiquitous functional trait from a paleobotanical perspective
Authors: Butrim Matthew J. , Lowe Alexander J. , Currano Ellen D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPremiseLeaf mass per area (LMA) is a widely used functional trait in both neobotanical and paleobotanical research that provides a window into how plants interact with their environment. Paleobotanists have used site‐level measures of LMA as a proxy for climate, biome, deciduousness, and community‐scale plant strategy, yet many of these relationships have not been grounded in modern data. In this study, we evaluated LMA from the paleobotanical perspective, seeking to add modern context to paleobotanical interpretations and discover what a combined modern and fossil data set can tell us about how LMA can be best applied toward interpreting plant communities.MethodsWe built a modern data set by pulling plant trait data from the TRY database, and a fossil data set by compiling data from studies that have used the petiole‐width proxy for LMA. We then investigated the relationships of species‐mean, site‐mean, and site‐distribution LMA with different climatic, phylogenetic, and physiognomic variables.ResultsWe found that LMA distributions are correlated with climate, site taxonomic composition, and deciduousness. However, the relative contributions of these factors are not distinctive, and ultimately, LMA distributions cannot accurately reconstruct the biome or climate of an individual site.ConclusionsThe correlations that make up the leaf economics spectrum are stronger than the correlations between LMA and climate, phylogeny, morphospace, or depositional environment. Fossil LMA should be understood as the culmination of the influences of these variables rather than as a predictor.
How Does Social Inequality Alter Relationships Between Porous Cranial Lesions and Mortality? Examining the Relationship Between Skeletal Indicators of Stress, Socioeconomic Status, and Survivorship in a Pediatric Autopsy Sample
Authors: Wyatt Bronwyn , O'Donnell Lexi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIn prior exploration of modern and archeological populations, lower SES has been associated with an increased risk of mortality. However, SES is often difficult to ascertain in archeological populations. Thus, explorations of skeletal lesions and their association with mortality may be subject to confounding factors that alter the strength and/or direction of this association.MethodsThe present study uses data from a modern, documented coronial pediatric dataset to examine the association between porous cranial lesions (PCLs) (cribra orbitalia [CO] and porotic hyperostosis [PH]) and age at death while controlling for SES, as inferred through housing type, with manufactured or apartment housing identified as reflecting individuals from lower SES backgrounds in this context. We include 887 (535 males, 352 females) individuals aged 0.5–20.9 years from New Mexico who died between 2011 and 2022. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to assess survivorship as related to PCLs and SES.ResultsLow SES is associated with lower survivorship. CO does not have a significant association with age at death when not controlling for SES; PH alone is associated with older age at death. Disadvantaged individuals with PCLs have significantly reduced survivorship than those with higher SES.Discussion and ConclusionsThe findings of this study demonstrate that low SES results in reduced survivorship, and those with low SES and PCLs have worse survivorship than less disadvantaged individuals with PCLs. Thus, the strong contribution of SES to mortality necessitates the consideration of the sociocultural context as a confounding factor when examining associations between variables of interest (such as lesions) and mortality in both past and present populations.