bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New approaches must be taken to control rabies in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Acharya Krishna Prasad , Phuyal Sarita 
Published: September 2024

AbstractKrishna Prasad Acharya and Sarita Phuyal argue that while low‐ to middle‐income countries may have some rabies control initiatives in place, these are not fully effective and strategies must be improved to reach the global goal of eliminating human deaths from dog‐transmitted rabies by 2030.
Catalysis in the digital age: Unlocking the power of data with machine learning
Authors: Abraham Bokinala Moses , Jyothirmai Mullapudi V. , Sinha Priyanka , Viñes Francesc , Singh Jayant K. , Illas Francesc 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe design and discovery of new and improved catalysts are driving forces for accelerating scientific and technological innovations in the fields of energy conversion, environmental remediation, and chemical industry. Recently, the use of machine learning (ML) in combination with experimental and/or theoretical data has emerged as a powerful tool for identifying optimal catalysts for various applications. This review focuses on how ML algorithms can be used in computational catalysis and materials science to gain a deeper understanding of the relationships between materials properties and their stability, activity, and selectivity. The development of scientific data repositories, data mining techniques, and ML tools that can navigate structural optimization problems are highlighted, leading to the discovery of highly efficient catalysts for a sustainable future. Several data‐driven ML models commonly used in catalysis research and their diverse applications in reaction prediction are discussed. The key challenges and limitations of using ML in catalysis research are presented, which arise from the catalyst's intrinsic complex nature. Finally, we conclude by summarizing the potential future directions in the area of ML‐guided catalyst development.This article is categorized under:
Structure and Mechanism > Reaction Mechanisms and Catalysis
Data Science > Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning
Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory
Well‐posedness and large‐time behavior for the two‐phase system with magnetic field in critical Besov spaces
Authors: Zhu Limin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper is dedicated to the study of the two‐phase system with magnetic field in multi‐dimensional spaces . We investigate the local and global well‐posedness of strong solutions to the Cauchy problem in critical Besov spaces. Moreover, a Lyapunov‐type energy argument can be developed, which leads to the time‐decay estimates of solutions without additional smallness assumptions. We improve the previous effects obtained by Wen and Zhu (JDE‐2018), Wang and Cheng (AMS‐2022), where they established the global well‐posedness of strong solutions in the ‐norm Sobolev spaces.
Beta deformed sigma model and strong deformation coupling limit
Authors: Viana Eggon 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the beta deformation of the superstring in AdS5 × S5 at all orders in the deformation parameter, employing the pure spinor formalism. This is necessary in order to study the regime of strong deformation parameter, which in the field side is related to fishnet theories. We compare the pure spinor sigma model approach to the previously known supergravity description. We find a complete agreement. Moreover, the BRST structure of the worldsheet model provides a natural explanation of the peculiar features of the worldsheet model in the fishnet limit. In particular, we study the degeneracy of the sigma model Lagrangian. We show that the BRST structure is responsible for a particularly “tame” degeneration of the fishnet sigma-model.
Nicolai maps and uniqueness in the light-cone gauge
Authors: Bhave Nipun , Pant Saurabh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We compute the Nicolai map for the supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, in the light-cone gauge, to the second order in the coupling constant for all critical dimensions (d = 3, 4, 6, 10). The process of integrating out unphysical degrees of freedom in this gauge, produces a four fermion interaction term. We show that, to the order investigated here, this term is harmless. We demonstrate the existence of a particularly ‘simple’ map in d = 4 in the light-cone gauge and address the issue of uniqueness in the context of the map. We also investigate the map in the light-cone superspace in d = 4.
Deep learning to improve the sensitivity of Di-Higgs searches in the 4b channel
Authors: Chiang Cheng-Wei , Hsieh Feng-Yang , Hsu Shih-Chieh , Low Ian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The study of di-Higgs events, both resonant and non-resonant, plays a crucial role in understanding the fundamental interactions of the Higgs boson. In this work we consider di-Higgs events decaying into four b-quarks and propose to improve the experimental sensitivity by utilizing a novel machine learning algorithm known as Symmetry Preserving Attention Network (Spa-Net) — a neural network structure whose architecture is designed to incorporate the inherent symmetries in particle reconstruction tasks. We demonstrate that the Spa-Net can enhance the experimental reach over baseline methods such as the cut-based and the Dense Neural Network-based analyses. At the Large Hadron Collider, with a 14-TeV center-of-mass energy and an integrated luminosity of 300 fb−1, the Spa-Net allows us to establish 95% C.L. upper limits in resonant production cross-sections that are 10% to 45% stronger than baseline methods. For non-resonant di-Higgs production, Spa-Net enables us to constrain the self-coupling that is 9% more stringent than the baseline method.
Gluonic evanescent operators: negative-norm states and complex anomalous dimensions
Authors: Jin Qingjun , Ren Ke , Yang Gang , Yu Rui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we build on our previous work to further investigate the role of evanescent operators in gauge theories, with a particular focus on their contribution to violations of unitarity. We develop an efficient method for calculating the norms of gauge-invariant operators in Yang-Mills (YM) theory by employing on-shell form factors. Our analysis, applicable to general spacetime dimensions, reveals the existence of negative-norm states among evanescent operators. We also explore the one-loop anomalous dimensions of these operators and find complex anomalous dimensions. We broaden our analysis by considering YM theory coupled with scalar fields and we observe similar patterns of non-unitarity. The presence of negative-norm states and complex anomalous dimensions across these analyses provides compelling evidence that general gauge theories are non-unitary in non-integer spacetime dimensions.
Exploring the role of orexins in the modulation of social reward
Authors: Amaral Inês M. , Ouaidat Sara , Scheffauer Laura , Granza Anna E. , Monteiro Diogo G. , Salti Ahmad , Hofer Alex , El Rawas Rana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Rationale
positive social interactions are essential for mental health, by offering emotional support, reducing stress levels, and promoting resilience against drugs of abuse effects. However, not all individuals perceive social interaction as rewarding.

Objectives
the goal of this study was to investigate whether the modulation of the orexin system can shift passive coping and non-social behavior (vulnerable) to active coping and social behavior (resilient). This knowledge is primordial for stress- and addiction-related disorders, and for other psychiatric disorders involving impairment in social interaction.

Methods
male C57/BL6N mice categorized into social and non-social groups, received injections of SB334867, a selective orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) antagonist, before the conditioning sessions with a male conspecific of the same weight and age.

Results
our results from the conditioned place preference test (CPP) show that SB334867 has no effect on social preference in non-social mice, but it reduces their stress levels and depression-like behavior. These effects appear to be due to a higher OX1R expression in the basolateral amygdala (BLA), a stress-related brain area, of non-social mice compared to their social counterparts.

Conclusions
these data suggest that the orexin system may be a target to alleviate stress and depression-like behavior in non-social individuals rather than to promote social reward.
KI-Kompetenz zu Studienbeginn als Prädiktor für die Nutzung von KI-Werkzeugen zur Unterstützung von Lernprozessen
Authors: Heil Joana , Delcker Jan , Ifenthaler Dirk , Seufert Sabine , Spirgi Lukas 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der Einfluss von Künstlicher Intelligenz (KI) auf die Hochschulbildung nimmt rasant zu. Generative KI-Werkzeuge, wie Übersetzer, Paraphrasierer und Chatbots können die Lernprozesse von Studierenden unterstützen. Die Wahrnehmungen und Erwartungen von Studienanfänger:innen in Bezug auf KI-Werkzeuge sind jedoch bisher nicht eingehend erforscht. Gleiches gilt für die notwendigen Voraussetzungen und Fähigkeiten für den gezielten Einsatz von KI-Werkzeugen in der Hochschulbildung. Diese Arbeit untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen den Kenntnissen, Fähigkeiten und Einstellungen von Studierenden in den ersten zwei Semestern und ihrer Nutzung von KI-Werkzeugen für Lernprozesse. Die Analyse der Daten von N = 634 Studienanfänger:innen ergab, dass die Einstellung zu KI die beabsichtigte Nutzung von KI-Werkzeugen signifikant erklärt. Überdies sind die wahrgenommenen Vorteile der KI-Anwendungen Prädiktoren für die Wahrnehmung von KI-Werkzeugen als Kooperationspartner des Menschen durch die Studierenden. Lehrende in der Hochschulbildung müssen die KI-Kompetenzen der Studierenden fördern und KI-Werkzeuge in die Unterrichtsgestaltung integrieren, um Lehr-Lern-Prozesse zu verbessern.
The Cahn–Hilliard model of coherent lamellar microstructure: application to alkali feldspar
Authors: Furukawa Tan , Tsujimori Tatsuki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe temporal evolution of coherent lamellar microstructures is significantly influenced by their elastic properties, particularly when the exsolved phases are coherent. This research utilizes the Cahn–Hilliard model to examine the morphological and energetic evolution of binary alkali feldspar, integrating anisotropic elastic energy into the Gibbs energy equation. The Cahn–Hilliard model successfully simulated the orientation of lamellae observed in natural samples and the elastic strain was consistent with previous research. We also computed the coherent solvus from the annealing simulation of various precursor compositions and temperatures. The temperature difference ($$\Delta T$$

Δ
T

) between the strain-free solvus and the coherent solvus was $$\Delta T = 85\,{}^\circ \text {C}$$

Δ
T
=
85

∘

C

, which is slightly lower than previously reported values obtained from similar parameters. This discrepancy is likely due to the presence of non-planar lamellae at the onset of phase separation, which are more stable than planar ones. We also simulated the binodal curves of the coherent solvi for different precursor phase compositions. The computed solvi were not unique but varied depending on the precursor composition. Our model is flexible because it does not assume any specific shapes for the lamellar interfaces and is applicable to various coherent binary systems.
Functional and subjective outcomes after surgical management of complex elbow dislocations: a retrospective study
Authors: Giai Via Riccardo , Faccenda Carlotta , Artiaco Stefano , Dutto Elisa , Lavia Alessandro Dario , Massè Alessandro , Battiston Bruno 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Dislocations of the elbow are the second most frequent upper-body injury after shoulder dislocations, comprising 11–28% of all elbow injuries. Complex elbow dislocations pose challenging management due to the involvement of critical stabilizing structures. This study aimed to investigate functional and subjective outcomes (MEPS, DASH, Oxford score) in 44 patients with complex elbow dislocations who underwent surgery between 2018 and 2020, with subgroup analysis focusing on gender and age differences.

Material and methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients treated at C.T.O. Hospital, Turin, for complex elbow dislocations between January 2018 and December 2020. Surgical approaches included radial head synthesis, coronoid fixation, ligamentous repair, and ulnar nerve management. Postoperatively, patients followed a standardized or individualized program. Data analysis involved t-tests to assess score differences between subgroups.

Results
Among the 44 analyzed patients, the mean age was 48 years, and the mean follow-up time was 29 months. Various types of complex dislocations were identified, with radial head and coronoid fractures classified accordingly. Surgical approaches included multiple methods of reduction and synthesis. While most patients adhered to postoperative programs, subsequent reoperations were conducted in 11% of cases. Scores did not significantly differ between genders, although a trend toward better DASH scores in males was observed. Younger patients showed better, though not statistically significant, outcomes in mobility and functional measures.

Conclusion
This study underscores the importance of pre-operative assessment for positive surgical outcomes in complex elbow dislocations. Additionally, findings suggest that younger age may correlate with slightly better functional outcomes. Despite limitations such as retrospective design and sample size, the study enhances our understanding of complex dislocation outcomes and provides valuable insights for future interventions.
Overview of research on additive manufacturing of hydrogel-assisted lab-on-chip platforms for cell engineering applications in photodynamic therapy research
Authors: Cieślak Adrianna , Krakos Agnieszka , Kulbacka Julita , Detyna Jerzy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLab-on-chips supported by hydrogel matrices are excellent solutions for cell culture; thus, this literature review presents examples of scientific research in this area. Several works are presenting the properties of biocompatible hydrogels that mimic the cellular environment published recently. Hydrogels can also be treated as cell transporters or as a structural component of microfluidic devices. The rapidly growing scientific sector of hydrogel additive manufacturing is also described herein, with attention paid to the appropriate mechanical and biological properties of the inks used to extrude the material, specifically for biomedical purposes. The paper focuses on protocols employed for additive manufacturing, e.g., 3D printing parameters, calibration, ink preparation, crosslinking processes, etc. The authors also mention potential problems concerning manufacturing processes and offer example solutions. As the novel trend for hydrogels enriched with several biocompatible additives has recently risen, the article presents examples of the use of high-quality carbon nanotubes in hydrogel research enhancing biocompatibility, mechanical stability, and cell viability. Moving forward, the article points out the high applicability of the hydrogel-assisted microfluidic platforms used for cancer research, especially for photodynamic therapy (PDT). This innovative treatment strategy can be investigated directly on the chip, which was first proposed by Jędrych E. et al. in 2011. Summarizing, this literature review highlights recent developments in the additive manufacturing of microfluidic devices supported by hydrogels, toward reliable cell culture experiments with a view to PDT research. This paper gathers the current knowledge in these intriguing and fast-growing research paths.
Graphical abstract
Comparative landscape genomics reveals species-specific spatial patterns and suggests human-aided dispersal in a global hotspot for biological invasions
Authors: Mothes Caitlin C. , Searcy Christopher A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiological invasions are a growing threat to native ecosystems, and genomic studies have become an increasingly useful tool for invasive species management by providing the ability to identify spatial population structure in the invaded range. In this study, we compared the spatial genetic structure of two ecologically distinct non-native lizard species both established and widespread throughout South Florida, a global hotspot for reptile invasions. We used an individual-based sampling approach to collect genetic samples of Agama picticauda, a rock specialist native to West Africa, and Basiliscus vittatus, a riparian specialist from Central and South America. We collected specimens across Miami-Dade County (the original site of introduction) and then genotyped ~ 4000 single nucleotide polymorphisms for each species. Both species exhibited fine-scale population structure at distances < 5 km for A. picticauda and < 10 km for B. vitattus, but at the county scale B. vittatus showed much stronger spatial structure compared to A. picticauda. Landscape genomic analysis revealed no significant landscape influence on A. picticauda genetic differentiation, while for B. vittatus low canopy cover was the best predictor of genetic connectivity. The genetic structure of both species may suggest human-aided dispersal is driving long distance movements, and A. picticauda appear more susceptible to these events likely due to their affinity for highly urbanized areas. By identifying variable dispersal patterns among two ecologically distinct species, we hope that this study will help combat the spread of these or similar species as they continue to arrive at urban centers across the globe.
Developing and testing syllabification systems for South African Sesotho
Authors: Sibeko Johannes , van Zaanen Menno 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article, we describe the development of two syllabification systems for South African Sesotho. First, we implemented a rule-based syllabification system based on the syllabification rules proposed by Guma (An outline structure of Southern Sotho, 2nd edn, Shooter and Shuter Publishers, Pietermaritzburg, 1982). The rules describe the location of syllable boundaries based on the location of vowels, consonants, simple and complex nasal consonants, and the lateral l. Second, we used TeX’s pattern-based hyphenation system as a syllabification system. This pattern-based system was trained on syllabified words from a dictionary as identified in Chitja (Phatlamantsoe ya Sesotho ya Machaba, Mazenod Publishers, Lesotho, 2010). The syllable boundaries in the words from the dictionary were manually checked and, where needed, adjusted to maintain a consistent orthography. Both systems were evaluated on 13,551 tokens using ten-fold cross-validation (as the pattern-based system requires training data). The rule-based system shows a 99.69% word level accuracy, which indicates that Sesotho syllabification is highly regular. The pattern-based system leads to 78.97% accuracy. This lower score is likely related to the limitations in the placement of boundaries in the TeX system. A qualitative analysis of the results shows some (unresolved) inconsistencies in the dictionary entries, in particular related to the conversion of the Lesotho Sesotho orthography to the South African Sesotho orthography and the handling of loan words.
Large and very large scale motions in open-channel flows over rough bed in the presence and absence of a mixing layer
Authors: Cerino Bastien , Zampiron Andrea , Proust Sébastien , Berni Céline , Nikora Vladimir 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study examines shallow uniform flow and spanwise-sheared flow behind a vertical splitter plate over a uniformly rough bed. The primary objective is to assess the presence of Large Scale Motions (LSMs) and Very Large Scale Motions (VLSMs) in these flow types, as well as the potential effects of horizontal Kelvin–Helmholtz Coherent Structures (KHCS) on LSMs and VLSMs. The presence of LSMs and VLSMs is investigated using pre-multiplied velocity spectra derived from long-term Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter measurements. A comparative analysis revealed that strong KHCSs inhibit the emergence of VLSMs. Although LSMs do appear in spanwise-sheared flow, they are less discernible in the pre-multiplied spectra. As the strength of KHCSs diminishes downstream, VLSMs begin to emerge. Established LSMs and VLSMs exhibit longitudinal wavelengths of $$\lambda _x \sim$$

λ
x

∼

3–4h and $$\lambda _x \sim$$

λ
x

∼

25h respectively, for both flow types (h is water depth), closely matching those reported for uniform open-channel flows. VLSMs contribute approximately 40% to the streamwise velocity variance and about 30% to the vertical Reynolds shear stress. For both flow types, the spectral correlation coefficient between longitudinal and vertical velocity fluctuations indicates a higher correlation at the VLSMs scale than at the LSMs scale, suggesting a greater organization of VLSMs. Our results also suggest that the VLSMs wavelength may be independent of the friction Reynolds number. Supplementing our measurements with published data, we suggest that VLSMs longitudinal wavelength is likely dependent on the relative submergence and/or flow aspect ratio.
Spelling abilities of Dutch children with developmental language disorder on words differing in complexity
Authors: Bliekendaal Wendy , van den Boer Madelon , Hakvoort Britt , de Bree Elise H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChildren with developmental language disorder (DLD) often have spelling difficulties. Previous research has established that children with DLD, especially those with additional reading problems, perform below typically developing (TD) children on spelling, but it is unknown if they struggle with certain types of words. We compared the spelling dictation outcomes of 152 Dutch children with DLD attending special education in Grades 5/6, to that of 129 TD children in Grades 4/5, and 108 TD children in Grades 2/3. The dictation task included transparent words (spaarpot ‘piggy bank’), analogy-based words (maaien ‘to mow’), rule-based words (takken ‘branches’), and visual imprint words (cactus ‘cactus’). Within the group of children with DLD, we compared the performance of children with average-to-good reading abilities (n = 62) to that of children with poor reading abilities (n = 82). Children with DLD spelled significantly fewer words correctly than TD children in Grades 4/5, but performed similarly on mean spelling correct to TD children in Grades 2/3. When comparing word categories within groups, all three groups of children performed best on analogy-based words. A difference in spelling patterns on the complex word categories emerged between the groups: Children with DLD in Grades 5/6 and TD children in Grades 4/5 performed similarly on rule-based and visual imprint words, whereas TD children in Grades 2/3 performed better on rule-based than on visual imprint words. Finally, average-to-good readers with DLD outperformed poor readers with DLD on spelling. Children with DLD are delayed in their spelling development. Their spelling pattern on complex word categories is comparable to that of TD children slightly younger than them. A more substantial delay emerges for children with DLD with word reading difficulties compared to children with DLD-only, though their spelling patterns are similar. The results suggest that children with DLD still require continued intensive spelling instruction for all word categories at the end of elementary school.