bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using narrative inquiry to listen to the voices of adolescent mothers in relation to their use of social networking sites (SNS)
Authors: Nolan Samantha , Hendricks Joyce , Williamson Moira , Ferguson Sally 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimThis article presents a discussion highlighting the relevance and strengths of using narrative inquiry to explore experiences of social networking site (SNS) use by adolescent mothers.BackgroundNarrative inquiry as a method reveals truths about holistic human experience. Knowledge gleaned from personal narratives informs nursing knowledge and clinical practice. This approach gives voice to adolescent mothers in relation to their experiences withSNSas a means of providing social support.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesThis paper draws and reflects on the author's experiences using narrative inquiry and is supported by literature and theory. The following databases were searched:CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Medline, Scopus,ERIC, ProQuest, PsychINFO, Web of Science and Health Collection (Informit). Key terms and Boolean search operators were used to broaden the search criteria. Search terms included: adolescent mother, teenage mother, “social networking sites”, online, social media, Facebook, social support, social capital and information. Dates for the search were limited to January 1995–June 2017.Implications for practice/researchNarrative research inherently values the individual “story” of experience. This approach facilitates rapport building and methodological flexibility with an often difficult to engage sample group, adolescents.ConclusionNarrative inquiry reveals a deep level of insight into social networking site use by adolescent mothers. The flexibility afforded by use of a narrative approach allows for fluidity and reflexivity in the research process.
Long‐term treatment costs for aggressive periodontitis in a German population
Authors: Schwendicke Falk , Biffar Anne Sophie , Graetz Christian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimThis study assessed the long‐term annual costs for treating aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients.MethodsA cohort of compliant AgP patients was retrospectively evaluated. Costs for active periodontal therapy (APT, including scaling and root planing, open flap debridement, root resections, but not pocket elimination or regenerative surgery) and supportive periodontal therapy (SPT, including also costs for restorative, endodontic, prosthetic and surgical treatments) were estimated from a mixed payer perspective in Germany. The impact of tooth‐ and patient‐level factors on annual costs was assessed using mixed modelling.ResultsA total of 52 patients (mean [SD] age: 35.2/6.8 years), with 26.5 (4.0) teeth (38% with bone loss >50%) were treated. Mean follow‐up (retention) time was 16.9 (5.4) years. Total treatment costs per patient and per tooth were 6,998 (3,807) and 267 (148) Euro, respectively. Approximately 87% of the costs were generated during SPT, 13% during APT. Annual patient‐ and tooth‐level costs were 536 (209) and 20.1 (65.0) Euro, respectively. Annual tooth‐level costs were significantly increased in patients aged 34 years or older, male patients, former or current smokers, teeth with furcation involvement degree II/III, and bone loss 50%–70%.ConclusionsAnnual treatment costs for treating AgP patients were similar to those found for chronic periodontitis patients. Certain parameters might predict costs.
Serum cystatin C level: An excellent predictor of mortality in patients with cirrhotic ascites
Authors: Seo Yeon Seok , Park Soo Young , Kim Moon Young , Kim Sang Gyune , Park Jun Yong , Yim Hyung Joon , Jang Byoung Kuk , Park Seung Ha , Kim Ji Hoon , Suk Ki Tae , Kim Jin Dong , Kim Tae Yeob , Cho Eun Young , Lee Jun Sung , Jung Soung Won , Jang Jae Young , An Hyonggin , Tak Won Young , Baik Soon Koo , Hwang Jae Seok , Kim Young Seok , Sohn Joo Hyun , Um Soon Ho 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough serum cystatin C level is considered a more accurate marker of renal function in patients with liver cirrhosis, its prognostic efficacy remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic efficacy of serum cystatin C level in patients with cirrhotic ascites.MethodsPatients with cirrhotic ascites from 15 hospitals were prospectively enrolled between September 2009 and March 2013. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictive factors of mortality and development of type 1 hepatorenal syndrome (HRS‐1).ResultsIn total, 350 patients were enrolled in this study. The mean age was 55.4 ± 10.8 years, and 267 patients (76.3%) were men. The leading cause of liver cirrhosis was alcoholic liver disease (64.3%), followed by chronic viral hepatitis (29.7%). Serum creatinine and cystatin C levels were 0.9 ± 0.4 mg/dL and 1.1 ± 0.5 mg/L, respectively. Multivariate analyses revealed that international normalized ratio and serum bilirubin, sodium, and cystatin C levels were independent predictors of mortality and international normalized ratio and serum sodium and cystatin C levels were independent predictors of the development of HRS‐1. Serum creatinine level was not significantly associated with mortality and development of HRS‐1 on multivariate analysis.ConclusionSerum cystatin C level was an independent predictor of mortality and development of HRS‐1 in patients with cirrhotic ascites, while serum creatinine level was not. Predictive models based on serum cystatin C level instead of serum creatinine level would be more helpful in the assessment of the condition and prognosis of patients with cirrhotic ascites.
Prognosis Communication in Late‐Life Disability: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Wong Theresa W. , Lang‐Brown Sean , Romo Rafael D. , Au‐Yeung Alvin , Lee Sei J. , Moran Patricia J. , Karlawish Jason , Sudore Rebecca , Clayton Josephine , Smith Alexander K. 
Published: September 2017

ImportanceLong‐term prognosis informs clinical and personal decisions for older adults with late‐life disability. However, many clinicians worry that telling patients their prognosis may cause harm.ObjectiveTo explore the safety of and reactions to prognosis communication in late‐life disability.DesignParticipants estimated their own life expectancy and were then presented their calculated life expectancy using a validated prognostic index. We used a semi‐structured interview guide to ask for their reactions. Qualitative data were analyzed using constant comparative analysis. Potential psychological and behavioral outcomes in response to receiving one's calculated prognosis were recorded and re‐assessed 2–4 weeks later.SettingCommunity‐dwelling older adults age 70+ residing in the San Francisco Bay Area.ParticipantsThirty five older adults with a median age of 80 requiring assistance with ≥1 Activity of Daily Living.ResultsSelf‐estimates of life expectancy were similar to calculated results for 16 participants. 15 estimated their life expectancy to be longer than their calculated life expectancy by >2 years, while 4 shorter by >2 years. An overarching theme of, “fitting life expectancy into one's narrative” emerged from qualitative analysis. Discussing life expectancy led participants to express how they could alter their life expectancy (subtheme “locus of control”), how they saw their present health (subtheme “perceived health”), and their hopes and fears for the remaining years of their lives (subtheme “outlook on remaining years”). Feelings of anxiety and sadness in reaction to receiving calculated prognosis were rare.Conclusions and RelevanceAbout half of the disabled older adults' self‐estimates of prognosis were similar to calculated estimates. Evidence of sadness or anxiety was rare. These data suggest that in most cases, clinicians may offer to discuss prognosis.
Long‐term community change: bryophytes are more responsive than vascular plants to nitrogen deposition and warming
Authors: Becker Scarpitta Antoine , Bardat Jacques , Lalanne Arnault , Vellend Mark 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimsMany studies of vegetation change over multiple decades have focused on vascular plants, but very few on bryophytes, despite the importance of bryophytes for overall plant biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Using a repeated survey of vascular plants and bryophytes in a forest ecosystem, we tested predictions of the hypotheses that: (1) vegetation change has been driven by N deposition and climate warming, and (2) bryophytes are more responsive to environmental change than vascular plants.LocationLowland temperate forest, northwest France.MethodsIn forest plots initially surveyed in 1976, we re‐surveyed both vascular plants and bryophytes in 2009 and 2012, respectively. We analysed changes in α‐diversity, β‐diversity, and species composition, and we used community‐weighted mean values of species affinities for temperature, light, pH, soil moisture and N to assess the temporal responses potentially caused by warming, N deposition, or possibly a changing light regime.ResultsWe observed significantly increased species richness of bryophytes and decreased richness of vascular plants. Community affinities to N, pH and temperature increased significantly for bryophytes, but not for vascular plants, although the change over time in N affinities for vascular plants was qualitatively in the predicted direction. Bryophytes showed a higher magnitude of temporal community change than vascular plants, both in terms of overall species composition and environmental affinities, indicating a higher responsiveness of bryophytes to environmental change.ConclusionOverall, the result of more marked temporal community change for bryophytes suggests that the many studies of changes in vascular plant communities over time might underestimate the sensitivity of the broader plant community (including cryptogams) to environmental change.
Actinorhodin is a redox‐active antibiotic with a complex mode of action against Gram‐positive cells
Authors: Mak Stefanie , Nodwell Justin R. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryActinorhodin is a blue‐pigmented, redox‐active secondary metabolite that is produced by the bacterium Streptomyces coelicolor. Although actinorhodin has been used as a model compound for studying secondary metabolism, its biological activity is not well understood. Indeed, redox‐active antibiotics in general have not been widely investigated at the mechanistic level. In this work, we have conducted a comprehensive chemical genetic investigation of actinorhodin's antibacterial effect on target organisms. We find that actinorhodin is a potent, bacteriostatic, pH‐responsive antibiotic. Cells activate at least three stress responses in the presence of actinorhodin, including those responsible for managing oxidative damage, protein damage and selected forms of DNA damage. We find that mutations in the Staphylococcus aureus walRKHI operon can confer low‐level resistance to actinorhodin, indicating possible targeting of the cell envelope. Our study indicates a complex mechanism of action, involving multiple molecular targets, that is distinct from other antibiotics.
The role of genomic location and flanking 3′UTR in the generation of functional levels of variant surface glycoprotein in Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Ridewood Sophie , Ooi Cher‐Pheng , Hall Belinda , Trenaman Anna , Wand Nadina Vasileva , Sioutas Georgios , Scherwitzl Iris , Rudenko Gloria 
Published: September 2017

SummaryTrypanosoma brucei faces relentless immune attack in the mammalian bloodstream, where it is protected by an essential coat of Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG) comprising ∼10% total protein. The active VSG gene is in a Pol I‐transcribed telomeric expression site (ES). We investigated factors mediating these extremely high levels of VSG expression by inserting ectopic VSG117 into VSG221 expressing T. brucei. Mutational analysis of the ectopic VSG 3′UTR demonstrated the essentiality of a conserved 16‐mer for mRNA stability. Expressing ectopic VSG117 from different genomic locations showed that functional VSG levels could be produced from a gene 60 kb upstream of its normal telomeric location. High, but very heterogeneous levels of VSG117 were obtained from the Pol I‐transcribed rDNA. Blocking VSG synthesis normally triggers a precise precytokinesis cell‐cycle checkpoint. VSG117 expression from the rDNA was not adequate for functional complementation, and the stalled cells arrested prior to cytokinesis. However, VSG levels were not consistently low enough to trigger a characteristic ‘VSG synthesis block’ cell‐cycle checkpoint, as some cells reinitiated S phase. This demonstrates the essentiality of a Pol I‐transcribed ES, as well as conserved VSG 3′UTR 16‐mer sequences for the generation of functional levels of VSG expression in bloodstream form T. brucei.
Characterization of microRNAs from Arabidopsis galls highlights a role for miR159 in the plant response to the root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Medina Clémence , da Rocha Martine , Magliano Marc , Ratpopoulo Alizée , Revel Benoît , Marteu Nathalie , Magnone Virginie , Lebrigand Kevin , Cabrera Javier , Barcala Marta , Silva Ana Cláudia , Millar Anthony , Escobar Carolina , Abad Pierre , Favery Bruno , Jaubert‐Possamai Stéphanie 
Published: September 2017

Summary

Root knot nematodes (RKN) are root parasites that induce the genetic reprogramming of vascular cells into giant feeding cells and the development of root galls. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression during development and plant responses to various stresses.

Disruption of post‐transcriptional gene silencing in Arabidopsis ago1 or ago2 mutants decrease the infection rate of RKN suggesting a role for this mechanism in the plant‐nematode interaction. By sequencing small RNAs from uninfected Arabidopsis roots and from galls 7 and 14 d post infection with Meloidogyne incognita, we identified 24 miRNAs differentially expressed in gall as putative regulators of gall development. Moreover, strong activity within galls was detected for five miRNA promoters.

Analyses of nematode development in an Arabidopsis miR159abc mutant had a lower susceptibility to RKN, suggesting a role for the miR159 family in the plant response to M. incognita. Localization of mature miR159 within the giant and surrounding cells suggested a role in giant cell and gall. Finally, overexpression of miR159 in galls at 14 d post inoculation was associated with the repression of the miR159 target MYB33 which expression is restricted to the early stages of infection.

Overall, these results implicate the miR159 in plant responses to RKN.
Dose‐dependent interactions between two loci trigger altered shoot growth in BG‐5 × Krotzenburg‐0 (Kro‐0) hybrids of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Alhajturki Dema , Muralidharan Subhashini , Nurmi Markus , Rowan Beth A. , Lunn John E. , Boldt Helena , Salem Mohamed A. , Alseekh Saleh , Jorzig Christian , Feil Regina , Giavalisco Patrick , Fernie Alisdair R. , Weigel Detlef , Laitinen Roosa A. E. 
Published: September 2017

Summary

Hybrids occasionally exhibit genetic interactions resulting in reduced fitness in comparison to their parents. Studies of Arabidopsis thaliana have highlighted the role of immune conflicts, but less is known about the role of other factors in hybrid incompatibility in plants. Here, we present a new hybrid incompatibility phenomenon in this species.

We have characterized a new case of F1 hybrid incompatibility from a cross between the A. thaliana accessions Krotzenburg‐0 (Kro‐0) and BG‐5, by conducting transcript, metabolite and hormone analyses, and identified the causal loci through genetic mapping.

The F1 hybrids showed arrested growth of the main stem, altered shoot architecture, and altered concentrations of hormones in comparison to parents. The F1 phenotype could be rescued in a developmental‐stage‐dependent manner by shifting to a higher growth temperature. These F1 phenotypes were linked to two loci, one on chromosome 2 and one on chromosome 3. The F2 generation segregated plants with more severe phenotypes which were linked to the same loci as those in the F1.

This study provides novel insights into how previously unknown mechanisms controlling shoot branching and stem growth can result in hybrid incompatibility.
Target of rapamycin signaling orchestrates growth–defense trade‐offs in plants
Authors: De Vleesschauwer David , Filipe Osvaldo , Hoffman Gena , Seifi Hamed Soren , Haeck Ashley , Canlas Patrick , Van Bockhaven Jonas , De Waele Evelien , Demeestere Kristof , Ronald Pamela , Hofte Monica 
Published: September 2017

Summary

Plant defense to microbial pathogens is often accompanied by significant growth inhibition. How plants merge immune system function with normal growth and development is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of target of rapamycin (TOR), an evolutionary conserved serine/threonine kinase, in the plant defense response.

We used rice as a model system and applied a combination of chemical, genetic, genomic and cell‐based analyses.

We demonstrate that ectopic expression of TOR and Raptor (regulatory‐associated protein of mTOR), a protein previously demonstrated to interact with TOR in Arabidopsis, positively regulates growth and development in rice. Transcriptome analysis of rice cells treated with the TOR‐specific inhibitor rapamycin revealed that TOR not only dictates transcriptional reprogramming of extensive gene sets involved in central and secondary metabolism, cell cycle and transcription, but also suppresses many defense‐related genes. TOR overexpression lines displayed increased susceptibility to both bacterial and fungal pathogens, whereas plants with reduced TOR signaling displayed enhanced resistance. Finally, we found that TOR antagonizes the action of the classic defense hormones salicylic acid and jasmonic acid.

Together, these results indicate that TOR acts as a molecular switch for the activation of cell proliferation and plant growth at the expense of cellular immunity.
WHO standards for biotherapeutics, including biosimilars: an example of the evaluation of complex biological products
Authors: Knezevic Ivana , Griffiths Elwyn 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe most advanced regulatory processes for complex biological products have been put in place in many countries to provide appropriate regulatory oversight of biotherapeutic products in general, and similar biotherapeutics in particular. This process is still ongoing and requires regular updates to national regulatory requirements in line with scientific developments and up‐to‐date standards. For this purpose, strong knowledge of and expertise in evaluating biotherapeutics in general and similar biotherapeutic products, also called biosimilars, in particular is essential. Here, we discuss the World Health Organization's international standard‐setting role in the regulatory evaluation of recombinant DNA–derived biotherapeutic products, including biosimilars, and provide examples that may serve as models for moving forward with nonbiological complex medicinal products. A number of scientific challenges and regulatory considerations imposed by the advent of biosimilars are described, together with the lessons learned, to stimulate future discussions on this topic. In addition, the experiences of facilitating the implementation of guiding principles for evaluation of similar biotherapeutic products into regulatory and manufacturers’ practices in various countries over the past 10 years are briefly explained, with the aim of promoting further developments and regulatory convergence of complex biological and nonbiological products.
Thiamine content of F‐75 therapeutic milk for complicated severe acute malnutrition: time for a change?
Authors: Hiffler Laurent , Adamolekun Bola , Fischer Philip R. , Fattal‐Vavleski Aviva 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSince community‐based management of severe acute malnutrition has become the standard of care, the clinical profile of severe acutely malnourished patients admitted to hospitals or inpatient therapeutic feeding centers has changed significantly. These patients are usually very ill and often present with several comorbidities, such as shock, sepsis, and pneumonia. Complicated severe acute malnutrition patients are at risk of thiamine insufficiency, and critically ill patients have higher thiamine requirements. The thiamine content of F‐75, the therapeutic milk formula used in the early stabilization phase of refeeding in patients with severe acute malnutrition, seems insufficient. Here, we discuss the need and rationale for a substantial increase in the thiamine content of F‐75.
TALEN‐mediated targeted mutagenesis of more than 100 COMT copies/alleles in highly polyploid sugarcane improves saccharification efficiency without compromising biomass yield
Authors: Kannan Baskaran , Jung Je Hyeong , Moxley Geoffrey W. , Lee Sun‐Mi , Altpeter Fredy 
Published: September 2017

SummarySugarcane is the world's most efficient feedstock for commercial production of bioethanol due to its superior biomass production and accumulation of sucrose in stems. Integrating first‐ and second‐generation ethanol conversion processes will enhance the biofuel yield per unit area by utilizing both sucrose and cell wall‐bound sugars for fermentation. RNAi suppression of the lignin biosynthetic gene caffeic acid O‐methyltransferase (COMT) has been demonstrated to improve bioethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. Genome editing has been used in a number of crops for creation of loss of function phenotypes but is very challenging in sugarcane due to its highly polyploid genome. In this study, a conserved region of COMT was targeted with a single‐transcription activator‐like effector nuclease (TALEN) pair for multi‐allelic mutagenesis to modify lignin biosynthesis in sugarcane. Field‐grown TALEN‐mediated COMT mutants showed up to 19.7% lignin reduction and significantly decreased syringyl to guaiacyl (S/G) ratio resulting in an up to 43.8% improved saccharification efficiency. Biomass production of COMT mutant lines with superior saccharification efficiency did not differ significantly from the original cultivar under replicated field conditions. Sanger sequencing of cloned COMT amplicons (1351–1657 bp) revealed co‐editing of 107 of the 109 unique COMT copies/alleles in vegetative progeny of line CB6 using a single TALEN pair. Line CB6 combined altered cell wall composition and drastically improved saccharification efficiency with good agronomic performance. These findings confirm the feasibility of co‐mutagenesis of a very large number of target alleles/copies for improvement in crops with complex genomes.
A double EPSPS gene mutation endowing glyphosate resistance shows a remarkably high resistance cost
Authors: Han Heping , Vila‐Aiub Martin M. , Jalaludin Adam , Yu Qin , Powles Stephen B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA novel glyphosate resistance double point mutation (T102I/P106S, TIPS) in the 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS) gene has been recently identified for the first time only in the weed species Eleusine indica. Quantification of plant resistance cost associated with the TIPS and the often reported glyphosate resistance single P106S mutation was performed. A significant resistance cost (50% in seed number currency) associated with the homozygous TIPS but not the homozygous P106S EPSPS variant was identified in E. indica plants. The resistance cost associated with the TIPS mutation escalated to 85% in plants under resource competition with rice crops. The resistance cost was not detected in nonhomozygous TIPS plants denoting the recessive nature of the cost associated with the TIPS allele. An excess of 11‐fold more shikimate and sixfold more quinate in the shikimate pathway was detected in TIPS plants in the absence of glyphosate treatment compared to wild type, whereas no changes in these compounds were observed in P106S plants when compared to wild type. TIPS plants show altered metabolite levels in several other metabolic pathways that may account for the expression of the observed resistance cost.