bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomised clinical trial: low‐FODMAP rye bread vs. regular rye bread to relieve the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Laatikainen R. , Koskenpato J. , Hongisto S.‐M. , Loponen J. , Poussa T. , Hillilä M. , Korpela R. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundGrains are high in FODMAPs (Fermentable Oligo‐, Di‐, Monosaccharides And Polyols) and often considered as triggers of IBS symptoms.AimTo evaluate if rye bread low in FODMAPs would be better tolerated than regular rye bread in subjects with IBS.MethodsThe study was conducted as a randomised double blind controlled cross‐over study (n = 87). Participants were supplied with both regular rye bread and low‐FODMAP rye bread for 4 weeks. Symptoms were measured with a symptom severity scoring system (IBS‐SSS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) assessments of individual symptoms. Quality of life was monitored. Colonic fermentation was measured by the breath hydrogen test and dietary intake by food diaries.ResultsDietary fibre intake increased during both study periods compared to baseline. Many signs of IBS i.e. flatulence, abdominal pain, cramps and stomach rumbling were milder on the low‐FODMAP rye bread (P‐values: 0.04; 0.049; 0.01 and 0.001). The mean of VAS measurements was favourable towards LF bread [−3 (95% CI): −6 to −1, P = 0.02] but no differences were detected in IBS‐SSS or quality of life. The AUC of breath hydrogen values was significantly lower during the low‐FODMAP bread period (median 52.9 vs. 72.6; P = 0.01).ConclusionsLow‐FODMAP rye bread helps IBS patients to control their symptoms and reduces gastrointestinal gas accumulation. However, replacing regular rye bread by low‐FODMAP bread without concomitant broader dietary changes does not improve quality of life or IBS‐SSS. Nonetheless, inclusion of low‐FODMAP rye bread in diet might be one way that IBS patients could increase their fibre intake.
HCV eradication does not impact gut dysbiosis or systemic inflammation in cirrhotic patients
Authors: Bajaj J. S. , Sterling R. K. , Betrapally N. S. , Nixon D. E. , Fuchs M. , Daita K. , Heuman D. M. , Sikaroodi M. , Hylemon P. B. , White M. B. , Ganapathy D. , Gillevet P. M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundEradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is increasing but its residual impact on the pro‐inflammatory milieu in cirrhosis, which is associated with gut dysbiosis, is unclear.AimTo define the impact of sustained virological response (SVR) on gut dysbiosis and systemic inflammation in HCV cirrhosis patients.MethodsCirrhotic out‐patients with HCV with/without SVR (achieved >1 year prior) and age‐matched healthy controls underwent serum and stool collection. Serum was analysed for IL‐6, TNF‐α and endotoxin while stool microbiota analysis was performed using multitagged pyrosequencing. Microbial comparisons were made using UNIFRAC and cirrhosis dysbiosis ratio (lower score indicates dysbiosis). Comparisons were performed between cirrhotics with/without SVR and controls vs. cirrhotic patients.ResultsA total of 105 HCV cirrhotics and 45 age‐matched healthy controls were enrolled. Twenty‐one patients had achieved SVR using pegylated interferon + ribavrin a median of 15 months prior. No significant differences on demographics, cirrhosis severity, concomitant medications or diabetes were seen between cirrhotics with/without SVR. There was no significant difference in overall microbiota composition (UNIFRAC P = 0.3) overall or within specific microbial families (cirrhosis dysbiosis ratio median 1.3 vs. 1.0, P = 0.45) between groups with/without SVR. This also extended towards IL‐6, TNF‐α and endotoxin levels. Both cirrhosis groups, however, had significant dysbiosis compared to healthy controls [UNIFRAC P = 0.01, cirrhosis dysbiosis ratio (1.1 vs. 2.9, P < 0.001)] along with higher levels of endotoxin, IL‐6 and TNF‐α.ConclusionsGut dysbiosis and a pro‐inflammatory systemic milieu, are found in HCV cirrhosis regardless of SVR. This persistent dysbiosis could contribute towards varying rates of improvement after HCV eradication in cirrhosis.
The effect of pelleting on in situ rumen degradability of compound feed containing brown rice for dairy cows
Authors: Tagawa Shin‐ichi , Yoshida Norio , Iino Yukihiro , Horiguchi Ken‐ichi , Takahashi Toshiyoshi , Watanabe Maria , Takemura Kei , Ito Syuhei , Mikami Toyoji 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the effect of pelleting on in situ dry matter degradability of pelleted compound feed containing brown rice for dairy cows. Mash feed of the same composition was used as a control and the in situ study was conducted using three non‐lactating Holstein steers fitted with a rumen cannula. The feeds contained 32.3% brown rice, 19.4% rapeseed meal, 11.4% wheat bran and 10.6% soybean meal (fresh weight basis). Except for moisture content, the chemical composition of the feed was not affected by pelleting. In situ dry matter disappearance of the feed increased from 0 to 2 h and after 72 h of incubation with pellet processing. Integration of the dry matter disappearance values over time revealed that degradability parameter a (soluble fraction) increased with pellet processing, whereas parameter b (potentially degradable fraction) decreased. Parameter c (fractional rate of degradation) and effective degradability (5% passage rate) were not affected by pellet processing. We concluded that pellet processing promotes rumen degradability at early incubation hours when the pelleted feed contains brown rice.
Validation of VEGFR1 rs9582036 as predictive biomarker in metastatic clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma patients treated with sunitinib
Authors: Beuselinck Benoit , Jean‐Baptiste Johnny , Schöffski Patrick , Couchy Gabrielle , Meiller Clément , Rolland Frederic , Allory Yves , Joniau Steven , Verkarre Virginie , Elaidi Reza , Lerut Evelyne , Roskams Tania , Patard Jean‐Jacques , Oudard Stephane , Méjean Arnaud , Lambrechts Diether , Zucman‐Rossi Jessica 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo validate vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐1 (VEGFR1) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs9582036 as a potential predictive biomarker in metastatic clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (m‐ccRCC) patients treated with sunitinib.Materials and Methodsm‐ccRCC patients receiving sunitinib as first‐line targeted therapy were included. We assessed response rate (RR), progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and clinical and biochemical parameters associated with outcome. We genotyped five VEGFR1 SNPs: rs9582036, rs7993418, rs9554320, rs9554316 and rs9513070. Association with outcome was studied by univariate analysis and by multivariate Cox regression. Additionally, we updated survival data of our discovery cohort as described previously.ResultsSixty‐nine patients were included in the validation cohort. rs9582036 CC‐carriers had a poorer PFS (8 vs 12 months, P = 0.02) and OS (11 vs 27 months, P = 0.003) compared to AC/AA‐carriers. rs7993418 CC‐carriers had a poorer OS (8 vs 24 months, P = 0.004) compared to TC/TT‐carriers. rs9554320 AA‐carriers had a poorer RR (0% vs 53%, P = 0.009), PFS (5 vs 12 months, P = 0.003) and OS (10 vs 25 months, P = 0.004) compared to AC/CC‐carriers. When pooling patients from the discovery cohort, as described previously (n = 88), and the validation cohort, in the total series of 157 patients, rs9582036 CC‐carriers had a poorer RR (8% vs 49%, P = 0.004), PFS (8 vs 14 months, P = 0.003) and OS (13 vs 30 months, P = 0.0004) compared to AC/AA‐carriers. Unfavorable prognostic markers at start of sunitinib were well balanced between rs9582036 CC‐ and AC/AA‐carriers.ConclusionVEGFR1 rs9582036 is a candidate predictive biomarker in m‐ccRCC‐patients treated with sunitinib.
Institutional Transnationalism, Parental Values, and the Next Generation
Authors: DURRELL JACK 
Published: July 2016

This paper examines ‘next’ generation institutional transnationalism, a concept that refers to individuals born and/or brought up in a country of settlement who are involved in transnational organisations oriented towards their country of origin – in this case Mexican and Salvadoran groups active within the United States. Building on previous research which views parental transmission as a major cause of next‐generation transnationalism, this paper explores an additional and previously overlooked influence – parental involvement in cross‐border organisations or causes.
Clinical characteristics of adolescents referred for treatment of depressive disorders
Authors: Orchard Faith , Pass Laura , Marshall Tamsin , Reynolds Shirley 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundAdolescence is a period of increased risk for the development of depression. Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that the phenomenology of depression may differ during childhood and adolescence. However, participants in these studies may not reflect depressed young people referred to routine clinical services. The aim of this paper was to describe referrals for depression to aUKroutine public healthcare service for children and adolescents with mental health difficulties.MethodThis paper describes a consecutive series of adolescents (N = 100, aged 12–17 years), referred for depression to a routine public healthcare child and adolescent mental health service, in the south of England. Young people and their caregivers completed a structured diagnostic interview and self‐report measures of anxiety and depression.ResultsFewer than half of young people referred for depression met diagnostic criteria for a depressive disorder. The key symptoms reported by those with depression were low mood or irritability, cognitive disturbances, sleep disturbances and negative self‐perceptions. Suicidal ideation was common and was considerably higher than reported in other studies. Caregiver and young person's accounts of adolescent symptoms of depression and anxiety were uncorrelated. Caregivers also reported fewer symptoms of depression in their child than adolescents themselves.ConclusionsThese data have direct relevance to the design and delivery of public mental health services for children and adolescents. However, we do not know how representative this sample is of other clinical populations in theUKor in other countries. There is a need to collect routine data from other services to assess the needs of this group of high‐risk adolescents.
Recent advances in congenital myasthenic syndromes
Authors: Ohno Kinji , Ohkawara Bisei , Ito Mikako 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCongenital myasthenic syndromes (CMS) are heterogeneous disorders caused by germline mutations in genes expressed at the neuromuscular junction. Mutations have been identified in 24 genes encoding acetylcholine receptor subunits (CHRNA1, CHRNB1, CHRND, CHRNE and CHRNG), skeletal muscle sodium channel (SCN4A), signaling molecules driving acetylcholine receptor subunits clustering (AGRN, LRP4, MUSK and DOK7), synaptic structural proteins (COLQ, LAMB2 and COL13A1), postsynaptic structural proteins (RAPSN and PLEC), presynaptic molecules (CHAT, SYT2), glycosylation enzymes (GFPT1, DPAGT1, ALG2, ALG14 and GMPPB), and other less characterized molecules (PREPL and SCL25A1). CMS are recessive disorders, except for slow channel CMS and synaptotagmin 2 (SYT2)‐CMS. Onsets are largely less than 2 years, but adult‐onset is not rare, especially in slow‐channel CMS and limb‐girdle type CMS caused by glycosylation defects and by DOK7 mutations. Clinical features include fatigable muscle weakness, amyotrophy and minor facial anomalies. Eye, facial and bulbar muscles are frequently affected, but sparing of these muscles is observed, especially in limb‐girdle type CMS. Serum creatine kinase levels are frequently elevated in slow‐channel CMS, glutamine‐fructose‐6‐phosphate aminotransferase 1 (GFPT1)‐CMS, and guanosine diphosphate mannose pyrophosphorylase B (GMPPB)‐CMS. Electrophysiological findings supporting compromised neuromuscular signal transmission are a prerequisite for diagnosing CMS. Most CMS patients are likely to be underdiagnosed, and recognition of CMS in undiagnosed muscle weakness and/or amyotrophy is critical for diagnosing CMS.
Closed‐incision negative‐pressure therapy in high‐risk general surgery patients following laparotomy: a retrospective study
Authors: Zaidi A. , El‐Masry S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimSurgical site infection (SSI) and wound dehiscence are dreaded complications following laparotomy in general surgical patients, and can potentially occur more often in various comorbid states. Negative‐pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has a positive effect of on open and complicated wounds and so has been used for at‐risk surgical incisions with the aim of redistributing lateral tension and holding incision edges together. The aim of the present study was to compare the rate of wound complications following laparotomy in high‐risk general surgical patients with a clean incision treated with closed‐incision negative‐pressure therapy (ciNPT) with those receiving conventional care.MethodA retrospective review was performed of the hospital medical records of patients who underwent laparotomy between 1 October 2010 and 31 March 2012. Records of 69 patients who received ciNPT and 112 who were managed by adherent gauze dressings were included in the final analysis.ResultsTwo (2.9%) patients in the ciNPT group and 23 (20.5%) in the non‐NPWT group developed a wound complication following laparotomy (P < 0.0009). The relative risk (RR) was 0.14 (0.03–0.58), suggesting that infection is less likely to occur in ciNPT‐treated incisions, compared with gauze dressings.ConclusionciNPT was associated with a positive clinical outcome and was a safe and effective method of postsurgical management in our general surgery patients considered to have risk of developing wound complications following laparotomy.
The Intersection of Citizenship Status, STEM Education, and Expected Labor Market Participation in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
Authors: Wiseman Alexander W. , Abdelfattah Faisal A. , Almassaad Ahmad 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCitizenship status influences the impact of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education on the youth labor market participation in the Arabian Gulf. This research examines the relationship between citizenship status, STEM education, and expected labor market participation in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, and examines the intervening effects of information and communication technology (ICT) based instruction, specifically. The 2011 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) provides both labor market expectations and STEM education data from all participating GCC countries, including Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates. Results suggest that ICT‐enhanced STEM education differently influences the human capital development of Gulf national and expatriate youth. For example, GCC nationals do not emphasize STEM education as an avenue for employment, while expatriate youth do. In particular, as Gulf national youths' parents' education level increases, students are less likely to think they need to do well in science to get the job they want. This is indicative of a broader trend in the Gulf nations to rely more on non‐education‐related factors such as family influence or connections for social, economic, and political mobility. In contrast, results also suggest that while STEM education contributes to potential private sector labor market participation among Gulf national youth, expatriate youth are more likely to expect to need or use STEM in the labor market.
Cooperative learning in ‘Special Needs in Dentistry’ for undergraduate students using the Jigsaw approach
Authors: Suárez‐Cunqueiro M. M. , Gándara‐Lorenzo D. , Mariño‐Pérez R. , Piñeiro‐Abalo S. , Pérez‐López D. , Tomás I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe goals of this study were to (i) describe the use of the Jigsaw approach for the resolution of clinical cases by undergraduate students in the subject ‘Special Needs in Dentistry’ and (ii) assess the impact of its implementation on academic performance and the students’ perception.Materials and methodsThe Jigsaw approach was applied to the fifth‐year in the subject ‘Special Needs in Dentistry’, as part of the Dentistry degree curriculum of the University of Santiago de Compostela, during the academic years 2012/2013 and 2013/2014. A total of 109 dental students were enrolled in the study, and the final marks of the Jigsaw (n = 55) and the non‐Jigsaw groups (n = 54) were compared. Students’ perceptions on the Jigsaw technique were assessed using a 13‐question questionnaire.ResultsAcademic performance based on the final examination mark for the Jigsaw and non‐Jigsaw groups was 6.45 ± 1.49 and 6.13 ± 1.50, respectively. There were not students in the Jigsaw group who failed to attend the mandatory examination (0% vs. 12.96% in the non‐Jigsaw group, P = 0.006). The questionnaire's internal consistency was 0.90. The mean value for all the questionnaire items was 3.80, with the highest response score of 4.35 for the statement ‘I have seen the complexity that the resolution of a clinical case can involve’.ConclusionBased on the students’ perceptions, the Jigsaw approach could contribute to a better understanding of the complexity of solving clinical cases in the subject ‘Special Needs in Dentistry’. However, further investigations should be conducted to analyse the influence of this technique on students’ academic performance in the field of clinical dentistry.
Cultural competency and communication skills of dental students: clinical supervisors' perceptions
Authors: Mariño R. , Ghanim A. , Morgan M. , Barrow S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis study explored clinical supervisor's (CS) views and experiences of dental students' cultural competence (CC) at the Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, Australia. Additionally, this study explored CS insights into how CC could be taught.MethodsSemi‐structured one‐to‐one interviews were organised with consenting CS. Interview topics included the following: the importance of CC, communication and rapport, the role of culture in oral health and the need for curriculum enhancement. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed to identify key areas using NVivo software.ResultsA total of 12 CS participated in this study. CS acknowledged the importance of CC and felt that it was important for good patient management. CS's definition of CC focused primarily on language and communication skills. CS felt that dental students were generally able to manage culturally diverse patients. However, CS indicated that additional training in this area would be beneficial. Concerns were raised about the students' ability to establish good rapport and communication, with CS highlighting areas such as misuse of interpreters and use of jargon. CS felt that clinical experience, confidence and a positive attitude are effective tools for overcoming cultural barriers. Furthermore, some CS also felt that cultural competency was a skill that is learnt through experience.ConclusionsFor most CS, cultural competence was an important part of the clinician–patient exchange which would benefit from enhanced curriculum. They also highlighted areas where transcultural education could be improved. The majority of CS believed dental students managed culturally diverse patients well.
Organic carbon characteristics in Swedish forest soil trace post‐depositional carbon dynamics
Authors: Routh J. , Bianchi T. S. , Hutchings J. A. , Kuhry P. , Ranjan R. K. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe investigated soil organic carbon (SOC) characteristics in three forests along a north–south transect in Sweden where these forest types cover about 69% of the landscape. There was variation in 14C ages, and the median ages ranged from about 25 to > 2500 cal BP in SOC. Although total SOC and nitrogen (N) contents decreased, stable carbon isotope and humification indices increased with depth. These progressive changes with depth and age were related to degradation. The δ13C values and specific biomarkers indicated that organic carbon was primarily from C3 plants. Biomarkers were effective in distinguishing OC input from specific sources (i.e. angiosperms, gymnosperms and grasses). A sharp decrease in biomarkers with depth indicated degradation of OC in the upper soil horizon, and limited contribution in the subsoil towards the stabilization of SOC. The sharp decrease in carbon stocks and 14C age in the soil OC pool with increasing soil depth, and quite large values for the percentage of modern carbon, suggested a decrease in SOC pools. Overall, these results showed that carbon sequestration in high latitude forests was small, and their role as potential carbon sinks needs to be reassessed.Highlights

We studied soil organic carbon (SOC) characteristics in Swedish boreal and temperate forests.
The decline of SOC with depth contributes little to carbon sequestration in deeper soil horizons.
Soil degradation causes a decline in total carbon, nitrogen, alkanes and lignin with depth and age.
The role of these forests as carbon sinks needs to be reassessed because of degradation of SOC.
Long‐term management changes topsoil and subsoil organic carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a temperate agricultural system
Authors: Gregory A. S. , Dungait J. A. J. , Watts C. W. , Bol R. , Dixon E. R. , White R. P. , Whitmore A. P. 
Published: July 2016

SummarySoil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) contents are controlled partly by plant inputs that can be manipulated in agricultural systems. Although SOC and N pools occur mainly in the topsoil (upper 0.30 m), there are often substantial pools in the subsoil that are commonly assumed to be stable. We tested the hypothesis that contrasting long‐term management systems change the dynamics of SOC and N in the topsoil and subsoil (to 0.75 m) under temperate conditions. We used an established field experiment in the UK where control grassland was changed to arable (59 years before) and bare fallow (49 years before) systems. Losses of SOC and N were 65 and 61% under arable and 78 and 74% under fallow, respectively, in the upper 0.15 m when compared with the grass land soil, whereas at 0.3–0.6‐m depth losses under arable and fallow were 41 and 22% and 52 and 35%, respectively. The stable isotopes 13C and 15N showed the effects of different treatments. Concentrations of long‐chain n‐alkanes C27, C29 and C31 were greater in soil under grass than under arable and fallow. The dynamics of SOC and N changed in both topsoil and subsoil on a decadal time‐scale because of changes in the balance between inputs and turnover in perennial and annual systems. Isotopic and geochemical analyses suggested that fresh inputs and decomposition processes occur in the subsoil. There is a need to monitor and predict long‐term changes in soil properties in the whole soil profile if soil is to be managed sustainably.Highlights

Land‐use change affects soil organic carbon and nitrogen, but usually the topsoil only is considered.
Grassland cultivated to arable and fallow lost 13–78% SOC and N to 0.6 m depth within decades.
Isotopic and biomarker analyses suggested changes in delivery and turnover of plant‐derived inputs.
The full soil profile must be considered to assess soil quality and sustainability.