bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decarboxylation of Lactones over Zn/ZSM‐5: Elucidation of the Structure of the Active Site and Molecular Interactions
Authors: Ye Lin , Song Qi , Lo Benedict T. W. , Zheng Junlin , Kong Dejing , Murray Claire A. , Tang Chiu C. , Tsang S. C. Edman 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHerein, we report the catalytic decarboxylation of γ‐valerolactone (GVL) over Zn/ZSM‐5 to butene, followed by aromatization at high yield with co‐feeding of water. An evaluation of the catalytic performance after prolonged periods of time showed that a water molecule is essential to maintain the decarboxylation and aromatization activities and avoid rapid catalyst deactivation. Synchrotron X‐ray powder diffraction and Rietveld refinement were then used to elucidate the structures of adsorbed GVL and immobilized Zn species in combination with EXAFS and NMR spectroscopy. A new route for the cooperative hydrolysis of GVL by framework Zn−OH and Brønsted acidic sites to butene and then to aromatic compounds has thus been demonstrated. The structures and fundamental pathways for the nucleophilic attack of terminal Zn−OH sites are comparable to those of Zn‐containing enzymes in biological systems.
Flow Asymmetric Propargylation: Development of Continuous Processes for the Preparation of a Chiral β‐Amino Alcohol
Authors: Li Hui , Sheeran Jillian W. , Clausen Andrew M. , Fang Yuan‐Qing , Bio Matthew M. , Bader Scott 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe development of a flow chemistry process for asymmetric propargylation using allene gas as a reagent is reported. The connected continuous process of allene dissolution, lithiation, Li‐Zn transmetallation, and asymmetric propargylation provides homopropargyl β‐amino alcohol 1 with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivity in high yield. This flow process enables practical use of an unstable allenyllithium intermediate. The process uses the commercially available and recyclable (1S,2R)‐N‐pyrrolidinyl norephedrine as a ligand to promote the highly diastereoselective (32:1) propargylation. Judicious selection of mixers based on the chemistry requirement and real‐time monitoring of the process using process analytical technology (PAT) enabled stable and scalable flow chemistry runs.
Tribological performance of filled PTFE‐based friction material for ultrasonic motor under different temperature and vacuum degrees
Authors: Song Fuzhi , Yang Zenghui , Zhao Gai , Wang Qihua , Zhang Xinrui , Wang Tingmei 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIn this work, a glass fiber reinforced polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)‐based friction material with good properties for ultrasonic motor was fabricated. The effects of temperature and vacuum degree on the tribological behavior of the PTFE‐based friction material were investigated; the evolutions of friction‐wear modes and mechanisms were also discussed as function of temperature and vacuum degree. The results show that the delamination and fatigue wear are predominant under the effects of repeated shearing and dynamic contact under atmospheric environment. While wear mechanisms change from adhesive to abrasive and fatigue wear as it is cooled from 30 to −60 °C at vacuum environment. Under high vacuum, adhesive wear was prone to taking place at room temperature for high frictional heat which increased the wear rate and extended the running‐in period. Experiment shows that the highest no‐load speed, output power, and holding torque of ultrasonic motor at room temperature under atmospheric environment are 220 rpm, 9.9 W, and 1.21 N m, respectively. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45358.
PLA/SiO2 composites: Influence of the filler modifications on the morphology, crystallization behavior, and mechanical properties
Authors: Hakim R. H. , Cailloux J. , Santana O. O. , Bou J. , Sánchez‐Soto M. , Odent J. , Raquez J. M. , Dubois P. , Carrasco F. , Maspoch M. Ll. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTFilms of an architecturally modified poly(lactic acid) (PLAREx) with three different types of fumed silica nanofillers (SiO2) were processed through reactive extrusion‐calendering in a pilot plant. The effects of the SiO2 type on both the dispersion and the crystallization behavior under dynamic and isothermal conditions are investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The mechanical properties are assessed by tensile testing. TEM micrographs showed that the improved chemical affinity of both surface‐treated SiO2 toward PLAREx end groups did not improve particle dispersion. DSC results revealed that untreated SiO2 nucleated PLAREx more efficiently than both surface‐modified silicas. The activation energy for the isothermal crystallization process, as determined by an Arrhenius method, suggests that addition of untreated SiO2 enhances the crystallization rate of PLAREx. However, it seems that the tensile behavior remained unchanged whether silicas were added or not. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45367.
Silencing of a lipase maturation factor 2‐like gene by wheat‐mediated RNAi reduces the survivability and reproductive capacity of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae
Authors: Xu Lanjie , Hou Qiling , Zhao Yanjie , Lu Lihua , Li Baoyun , Ni Zhongfu , Liang Rongqi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLipase maturation factor (LMF) family proteins are required for the maturation and transport of active lipoprotein lipases. However, the specific roles of LMF2 remain unknown. In this study, a grain aphid lmf2‐like gene fragment was cloned and was highly similar in sequence to a homologous gene in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. An RNAi vector was constructed with this fragment and used for wheat transformation. The expression of the lmf2‐like gene in aphid, as well as the growth and reproduction of the aphids, was analyzed after feeding on the transgenic wheat. There were no significant differences in the expression of the lmf2‐like gene over development. The expression of the lmf2‐like gene was significantly reduced by 27.6% on the fifth day, and 57.6% on the 10th day after feeding. The total number of aphids produced on the transgenic plants was less than the number produced on control plants, and the difference became significant or after 2 weeks. The molting numbers were also reduced in the aphids reared on the transgenic plants. Our findings indicate that lmf2‐like genes may have potential as a target gene for the control of grain aphids and show that feeding aphids with wheat expressing lmf2‐like RNAi resulted in significant reductions in survival and reproduction.
Removal of sensor tilt noise in fluxgate gradiometer survey data by applying one‐dimensional wavelet filtering
Authors: Note Nicolas , De Smedt Philippe , Saey Timothy , Gheyle Wouter , Stichelbaut Birger , Van den Berghe Hanne , Bourgeois Jean , Van Eetvelde Veerle , Van Meirvenne Marc 
Published: June 2017

AbstractArchaeological prospection with magnetometer instruments is performed in a wide range of field configurations, ranging from single probe setups to mobile arrays that allow combining multiple sensors. The latter type, whereby instruments are mounted onto a cart system, are particularly prone to motion‐induced noise. Sensor tilt, for example, causes in‐line noise that can obscure magnetic variations present. To remediate these effects, image processing techniques are the most frequently applied. However, while efficient in producing more levelled data plots, these procedures are often associated with a smoothing penalty whereby low‐intensity or small‐scale anomalies are masked. We propose a one‐dimensional signal processing approach, based on discrete wavelet analysis. By selecting wavelets that correspond to the motion‐induced noise patterns, such effects can be targeted more precisely, reducing the risk of feature masking or artefact creation. Evaluation of the proposed procedure on three fluxgate gradiometer datasets collected with a hand‐propelled push‐cart system, proved it a valid and more dedicated method to reduce the impact of motion induced noise in magnetometry data collected with cart mounted array setups.
Geochemical insight during archaeological geophysical exploration through in situ X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Booth Adam D. , Vandeginste Veerle , Pike Dominic , Abbey Russell , Clark Roger A. , Green Chris M. , Howland Nathan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGeophysical techniques are widely applied in archaeological exploration, providing rapid and non‐invasive site appraisal. Geochemical analyses contribute significantly in archaeometry, but conventional laboratory apparatus requires that samples are removed from their in situ context. Recent advances in field‐portable apparatus facilitate in situ geochemical analysis, and this apparatus is deployed in this paper alongside conventional geophysical analysis to characterize the archaeological prospectivity of a site. The target is subsurface debris at the crash site of a World War II Mosquito aircraft.A 100 m long transect of magnetic, electromagnetic (EM) and in situ X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) measurements was acquired in November 2014, with soil samples also collected for laboratory validation. A subset of XRF measurements was repeated in August 2015 alongside a targeted grid, 900 m2 in area, of magnetic gradiometry profiles. Built chiefly from wood, the Mosquito responds weakly in magnetic and EM data; magnetic gradient anomalies of ±10 nT/m are instead attributed to thermoremanence in a burnt layer at 0.2–0.4 m depth, produced by the impact fire following the crash. XRF spectrometry reveals co‐located enrichments in copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) ions (400% and 200%, respectively, above background). These metals are alloyed into brass, present in abundance in the ammunition on board the Mosquito.Records from the in situ XRF sampling compare well with laboratory validated data, although a bespoke calibration for the local soil type would improve the reliability of absolute geochemical concentrations. XRF responses vary significantly with ground conditions: the November 2014 acquisition was performed soon after ploughing at the site, potentially providing a fresh charge of metallic contaminants to the ground surface. Where the chemistry of a target is anomalous with respect to host soil and a source‐to‐surface transport mechanism is present, in situ XRF analysis offers improved understanding of a target compared to geophysical interpretation alone.
Exponential Synchronization of Memristive Chaotic Recurrent Neural Networks Via Alternate Output Feedback Control
Authors: Li Xiaofan , Fang Jian‐an , Li Huiyuan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper considers the global exponential synchronization problem of two memristive chaotic recurrent neural networks with time‐varying delays using periodically alternate output feedback control. First, the periodically alternate output feedback control rule is designed for the global exponential synchronization of two memristive chaotic recurrent neural networks. Then, according to the Lyapunov stability theory, we construct an appropriate Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional to derive several new sufficient conditions guaranteeing exponential synchronization of two memristive chaotic recurrent neural networks under periodically alternate output feedback control. Compared with existing results on synchronization conditions on the basis of linear matrix inequalities of memristive chaotic recurrent neural networks, the derived results complement, extend earlier related results, and are also easy to validate in this paper. An illustrative example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the synchronization criteria.
Ambient and Dosed Exposure to Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectants Causes Neural Tube Defects in Rodents
Authors: Hrubec Terry C. , Melin Vanessa E. , Shea Caroline S. , Ferguson Elizabeth E. , Garofola Craig , Repine Claire M. , Chapman Tyler W. , Patel Hiral R. , Razvi Reza M. , Sugrue Jesse E. , Potineni Haritha , Magnin‐Bissel Geraldine , Hunt Patricia A. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundQuaternary ammonium compounds are a large class of chemicals used for their antimicrobial and antistatic properties. Two common quaternary ammonium compounds, alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) and didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), are combined in common cleaners and disinfectants. Introduction of a cleaner containing ADBAC+DDAC in the vivarium caused neural tube defects (NTDs) in mice and rats.MethodsTo further evaluate this finding, male and female mice were dosed in the feed at 60 or 120 mg/kg/day, or by oral gavage at 7.5, 15, or 30 mg/kg ADBAC+DDAC. Mice also received ambient exposure to ADBAC+DDAC from the disinfectant used in the mouse room. Embryos were evaluated on gestational day 10 for NTDs, and fetuses were evaluated on gestational day 18 for gross and skeletal malformations.ResultsWe found increased NTDs with exposure to ADBAC+DDAC in both rats and mice. The NTDs persisted for two generations after cessation of exposure. Notably, male exposure alone was sufficient to cause NTDs. Equally significant, ambient exposure from disinfectant use in the vivarium, influenced the levels of NTDs to a greater extent than oral dosing. No gross or significant axial skeletal malformations were observed in late gestation fetuses. Placental abnormalities and late gestation fetal deaths were increased at 120 mg/kg/day, which might explain the lack of malformations observed in late gestation fetuses.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that ADBAC+DDAC in combination are teratogenic to rodents. Given the increased use of these disinfectants, further evaluation of their safety in humans and their contribution to health and disease is essential. Birth Defects Research 109:1166–1178, 2017. © 2017 The Authors. Birth Defects Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative bioanalysis of bavachalcone in rat plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application in a pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Zhou Dan , An Lianhua , Xia Yan , Wang Yuanyi , Li Xingliang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study aims to develop and validate a simple and sensitive liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for investigating the pharmacokinetic characteristics of bavachalcone. Liquid–liquid extraction was used to prepare plasma sample. Chromatographic separation of bavachalcone and IS was achieved using a Venusil ASB C18 (2.1 × 50 mm, 5 μm) column with a mobile phase of methanol (A)–water (B) (70:30, v/v). The detection and quantification of analytes was performed in selected‐reaction monitoring mode using precursor → product ion combinations of m/z 323.1 → 203.2 for bavachalcone, and m/z 373.0 → 179.0 for IS. Linear calibration plots were achieved in the range of 1–1000 ng/mL for bavachalcone (r2 > 0.99) in rat plasma. The recovery of bavachalcone ranged from 84.1 to 87.0%. The method was precise, accurate and reliable. It was fully validated and successfully applied to pharmacokinetic study of bavachalcone.
Deferasirox associated with liver failure and death in a sickle cell anemia patient homozygous for the −1774delG polymorphism in the Abcc2 gene
Authors: Braga Caroline C. B. , Benites Bruno Deltreggia , de Albuquerque Dulcineia M. , Alvarez Marisa C. , Seva‐Pereira Tiago , Duarte Bruno K. L. , Costa Fernando F. , Gilli Simone C. O. , Saad Sara T. O. 
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical MessageThis manuscript describes the case of a patient with sickle cell anemia who died of fulminant hepatitis after therapy with the iron chelator Deferasirox. The patient was homozygous for the −1774delG polymorphism in the Abcc2 gene, which raises the concern about the use of hepatotoxic drugs in this specific context.
Dual‐Mode Optical Sensing of Histamine at Nanomolar Concentrations in Complex Biological Fluids and Living Cells
Authors: Dey Nilanjan , Ali Asfa , Podder Santosh , Majumdar Shamik , Nandi Dipankar , Bhattacharya Santanu 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn easily synthesized fluorescein‐based luminescent dye has been utilized for the dual‐mode detection of histamine at nanomolar concentrations at pH 7.0 in water. The specific response to histamine was achieved by imidazole‐catalyzed ‘imine formation’ reaction. The protocol was subsequently applied for the estimation of histamine in complex biological milieu such as human blood serum and urine samples. Furthermore, the dose‐dependent cellular uptake of histamine and de novo synthesis (by thapsigargin treatment) was visualized in RAW 264.7, a mouse macrophage cell line. We have also developed portable paper strips for rapid, on‐site detection of histamine without involving costly instruments.
Subclonal analysis in a lobular breast cancer with classical and solid growth pattern mimicking a solid‐papillary carcinoma
Authors: Christgen Matthias , Bartels Stephan , van Luttikhuizen Jana Lisa , Schieck Maximilian , Pertschy Stefanie , Kundu Sudip , Lehmann Ulrich , Sander Bjoern , Pelz Enrico , Länger Florian , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Steinemann Doris , Kreipe Hans 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecently, a new variant of invasive lobular breast cancer (ILBC) with solid‐papillary‐like growth pattern has been described. We present a case of ILBC with solid‐papillary‐like growth pattern in the main tumour mass and classical invasive lobular growth pattern in adjacent satellite foci. The two tumour components were subjected to comprehensive molecular analyses. Both components were ER/PR‐positive, HER2‐negative, and showed a complete loss of E‐cadherin and beta‐catenin protein expression, as determined by immunohistochemistry. Gene expression profiling classified the main tumour and a satellite focus as luminal‐B and luminal‐A subtypes, respectively. Whole‐genome copy number profiles were highly similar in both tumour components. Shared copy number alterations (CNAs) included gains of chromosome 1q21.1–q43 and losses of chromosome 16q11.2–q24.3, the locus of the CDH1/E‐cadherin tumour suppressor gene. CNAs detected only in the main tumour included a gain of chromosome 20q12–q13.33 and a loss of chromosome 1p36.33–p34.3, which has recently been associated with the solid variant of ILBC. Next generation sequencing revealed an identical, truncating CDH1 mutation (p.G169fs*5) in both tumour components confirming a common clonal ancestry. In conclusion, we confirm the recently described variant of ILBC with solid‐papillary‐like growth pattern and provide evidence that it evolves from classical ILBC by subclonal evolution.
Real‐time viability and apoptosis kinetic detection method of 3D multicellular tumor spheroids using the Celigo Image Cytometer
Authors: Kessel Sarah , Cribbes Scott , Bonasu Surekha , Rice William , Qiu Jean , Chan Leo Li‐Ying 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe development of three‐dimensional (3D) multicellular tumor spheroid models for cancer drug discovery research has increased in the recent years. The use of 3D tumor spheroid models may be more representative of the complex in vivo tumor microenvironments in comparison to two‐dimensional (2D) assays. Currently, viability of 3D multicellular tumor spheroids has been commonly measured on standard plate‐readers using metabolic reagents such as CellTiter‐Glo® for end point analysis. Alternatively, high content image cytometers have been used to measure drug effects on spheroid size and viability. Previously, we have demonstrated a novel end point drug screening method for 3D multicellular tumor spheroids using the Celigo Image Cytometer. To better characterize the cancer drug effects, it is important to also measure the kinetic cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on 3D multicellular tumor spheroids. In this work, we demonstrate the use of PI and caspase 3/7 stains to measure viability and apoptosis for 3D multicellular tumor spheroids in real‐time. The method was first validated by staining different types of tumor spheroids with PI and caspase 3/7 and monitoring the fluorescent intensities for 16 and 21 days. Next, PI‐stained and nonstained control tumor spheroids were digested into single cell suspension to directly measure viability in a 2D assay to determine the potential toxicity of PI. Finally, extensive data analysis was performed on correlating the time‐dependent PI and caspase 3/7 fluorescent intensities to the spheroid size and necrotic core formation to determine an optimal starting time point for cancer drug testing. The ability to measure real‐time viability and apoptosis is highly important for developing a proper 3D model for screening tumor spheroids, which can allow researchers to determine time‐dependent drug effects that usually are not captured by end point assays. This would improve the current tumor spheroid analysis method to potentially better identify more qualified cancer drug candidates for drug discovery research. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Correlation between vegetation and environment at different levels in an arid, mountainous region of China
Authors: Gao Nannan , Zhou Jihua , Zhang Xiaolong , Cai Wentao , Guan Tianyu , Jiang Lianhe , Du Hui , Yang Dawen , Cong Zhentao , Zheng Yuanrun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractVegetation patterns and spatial organization are influenced by the changing environmental conditions and human activities. However, the effect of environment on vegetation at different vegetation classification levels has been unclear. We conducted an analysis to explore the relationship between environment and vegetation in the land use/land cover (LULC), vegetation group, vegetation type, and formation and subformation levels using redundancy analysis with seven landscape metrics and 33 environmental factors in the upper reaches of the Heihe River basin in an arid area of China to clarify this uncertainty. Atmospheric counter radiation was the most important factor at the four levels. The effect of soil was the second determinant factor at three levels (except in vegetation formation and subformation level). The number of variables whose relationship to vegetation reached significant levels varied from 26 to 28, and 20 variables were the same at all four levels. The factors affecting vegetation were basically the same at vegetation group level and vegetation‐type level. It was sufficient to analyze the relationship between environmental and vegetation patterns only in LULC, vegetation group and vegetation formation and subformation level in mountainous regions; different factors should be considered at different vegetation levels.
Pattern and control of biomass allocation across global forest ecosystems
Authors: Jiang Yongtao , Wang Limei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe underground part of a tree is an important carbon sink in forest ecosystems. Understanding biomass allocation between the below‐ and aboveground parts (root:shoot ratios) is necessary for estimation of the underground biomass and carbon pool. Nevertheless, large‐scale biomass allocation patterns and their control mechanisms are not well identified. In this study, a large database of global forests at the community level was compiled to investigate the root:shoot ratios and their responses to environmental factors. The results indicated that both the aboveground biomass (AGB) and belowground biomass (BGB) of the forests in China (medians 73.0 Mg/ha and 17.0 Mg/ha, respectively) were lower than those worldwide (medians 120.3 Mg/ha and 27.7 Mg/ha, respectively). The root:shoot ratios of the forests in China (median = 0.23), however, were not significantly different from other forests worldwide (median = 0.24). In general, the allocation of biomass between the belowground and aboveground parts was determined mainly by the inherent allometry of the plant but also by environmental factors. In this study, most correlations between root:shoot ratios and environmental factors (development parameter, climate, altitude, and soil) were weak but significant (p < .01). The allometric model agreed with the trends observed in this study and effectively estimated BGB based on AGB across the entire database.