bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential Ceiling Effect of Healthcare Worker Influenza Vaccination on the Incidence of Nosocomial Influenza Infection
Authors: Dionne Brandon , Brett Meghan , Culbreath Karissa , Mercier Renee-Claude 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of healthcare worker (HCW) influenza vaccination on the incidence of nosocomial influenzaDESIGNRetrospective cross-sectional studySETTINGA 550-bed tertiary-care academic medical centerMETHODSAll admitted patients with a direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay positive for influenza ordered between October 1 and May 31 from 2010 to 2015 were eligible for inclusion. Nosocomial influenza was defined as a positive influenza test collected ≥48 hours after admission in patients without influenza-like illness present within 24 hours of admission. Relative nosocomial influenza frequency was calculated by dividing the number of nosocomial cases by the total number of admitted patients with influenza for each season. A univariate logistic regression was used to determine the association between HCW influenza vaccination coverage and nosocomial influenza.RESULTSOver 5 seasons, 533 patients had positive influenza tests during their hospitalization; 29 of these patients (5.4%) acquired influenza during their hospitalization. HCW vaccination coverage increased over the 5 seasons from 47% to 90% (P<.001). Despite an initial decrease in relative nosocomial influenza frequency during the first year (9% to 4.9%), subsequent seasons failed to show an additional decrease in nosocomial infections (4.3%, 5.2%, and 4.8%, respectively); the overall decrease in nosocomial influenza from the first season to the final season was not significant (P=.282). No association was detected between HCW vaccination coverage and nosocomial influenza (odds ratio [OR], 0.990; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.970–1.011).CONCLUSIONHCW vaccination >50% may not have a significant effect on nosocomial influenza.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;37:840–844
Variation in grain size and shape in a population of hull-less barley and its influence on yield and quality traits
Authors: SWANSTON J. S. , THOMAS W. T. B. , KEITH R. P. , MIDDLEFELL-WILLIAMS J. E. 
Published: April 2016

SUMMARYThirty-seven lines from a population derived from the hull-less barley cultivar, Penthouse, were grown in a replicated trial over three seasons and assessed for grain yield. Following harvest, a rapid test to measure grain dimensions was applied to all samples, to look for novel variation in grain size and shape, as a possible way of detecting mutations. A range of grain and malt quality traits was also measured in two of the seasons, to detect genotype × season interactions and determine relationships between the measured traits. There were significant differences between years for all traits and between genotypes for most. Genotype × season interaction was significant for grain dimensions and some malting traits, but a correlation between malting quality and grain dimensions was only observed in one season. Line 30 showed very high yield potential in a comparatively wet season and gave a higher alcohol yield per unit area than a hulled control variety, while lines 21 and 33 contained putative additional mutations. Line 21, previously observed to have higher enzyme activity, appeared to contain an additional dwarfing gene and was characterized by smaller grain, later ear emergence and lower yield. Line 33, with malting potential, showed considerably altered grain length to width ratio and will be further investigated as a possible globosum type.
Charles E. Curran: Catholic Theologian, Priest, Prophet
Authors: Maguire Daniel C. 
Published: April 2016

To introduce so dear a friend and so esteemed a colleague, I repair for help to five distinguished, tone-setting keynoters. Each of these keynoters touches themes that reflect the life and the theological mission of Charles E. Curran.My first keynoter is Avery Cardinal Dulles, S.J. In his Presidential Address to the Catholic Theological Society of America he said that Vatican II “implicitly taught the legitimacy and even the value of dissent.” The council, said Dulles, conceded “that the ordinary magisterium of the Roman Pontiff had fallen into error, and had unjustly harmed the careers of loyal and able theologians.” He mentioned John Courtney Murray, Teilhard de Chardin, Henri de Lubac, and Yves Congar. He could surely add the name of Charles E. Curran. Dulles said that certain teachings of the hierarchy “seem to evade in a calculated way the findings of modern scholarship. They are drawn up without broad consultation with the theological community. Instead, a few carefully selected theologians are asked to defend a pre-established position….” Dulles aligned himself with those theologians who do not limit the term “magisterium” to the hierarchy. He spoke of “two magisteria—that of the pastors and that of the theologians.” These two magisteria are “complementary and mutually corrective.” The theological magisterium may critique the hierarchical magisterium.
Aristotle on agency, habits and institutions
Authors: CRESPO RICARDO F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper introduces Aristotle's conception of agency, habits and institutions as a way of contributing to some current discussions about the definition, nature and theory of institutions. Aristotle developed a theory of human action, where we can find a place for ‘agency’. His views on habits are linked to his theory of virtue and art (skill). Concerning institutions, Aristotle provides a sound social and political philosophy that encompasses the nature and role of institutions. The paper will subsequently present Aristotle's ideas on these three notions – agency, habits and institutions – and will finally establish which of the current accounts of institutions involved in the discussion sparked by Hindriks and Guala's recent paper (2005a) he would support. Given that some realities tackled in the paper are nowadays radically different from Aristotle's times, the paper tries to keep an ‘Aristotelian-minded’ point of view – that is, analysing current topics based on Aristotelian concepts.
Identification of a new electron-transfer relaxation pathway in photoexcited pyrrole dimers
Authors: Neville Simon P. , Kirkby Oliver M. , Kaltsoyannis Nikolas , Worth Graham A. , Fielding Helen H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhotoinduced electron transfer is central to many biological processes and technological applications, such as the harvesting of solar energy and molecular electronics. The electron donor and acceptor units involved in electron transfer are often held in place by covalent bonds, π–π interactions or hydrogen bonds. Here, using time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, we reveal the existence of a new, low-energy, photoinduced electron-transfer mechanism in molecules held together by an NH⋯π bond. Specifically, we capture the electron-transfer process in a pyrrole dimer, from the excited π-system of the donor pyrrole to a Rydberg orbital localized on the N-atom of the acceptor pyrrole, mediated by an N–H stretch on the acceptor molecule. The resulting charge-transfer state is surprisingly long lived and leads to efficient electronic relaxation. We propose that this relaxation pathway plays an important role in biological and technological systems containing the pyrrole building block.
Phonon arithmetic in a trapped ion system
Authors: Um Mark , Zhang Junhua , Lv Dingshun , Lu Yao , An Shuoming , Zhang Jing-Ning , Nha Hyunchul , Kim M. S. , Kim Kihwan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSingle-quantum level operations are important tools to manipulate a quantum state. Annihilation or creation of single particles translates a quantum state to another by adding or subtracting a particle, depending on how many are already in the given state. The operations are probabilistic and the success rate has yet been low in their experimental realization. Here we experimentally demonstrate (near) deterministic addition and subtraction of a bosonic particle, in particular a phonon of ionic motion in a harmonic potential. We realize the operations by coupling phonons to an auxiliary two-level system and applying transitionless adiabatic passage. We show handy repetition of the operations on various initial states and demonstrate by the reconstruction of the density matrices that the operations preserve coherences. We observe the transformation of a classical state to a highly non-classical one and a Gaussian state to a non-Gaussian one by applying a sequence of operations deterministically.
Inhaler technique: facts and fantasies. A view from the Aerosol Drug Management Improvement Team (ADMIT)
Authors: Levy Mark L , Dekhuijzen P N R , Barnes P J , Broeders M , Corrigan C J , Chawes B L , Corbetta L , Dubus J C , Hausen Th , Lavorini F , Roche N , Sanchis J , Usmani Omar S , Viejo J , Vincken W , Voshaar Th , Crompton G K , Pedersen Soren 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHealth professionals tasked with advising patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) how to use inhaler devices properly and what to do about unwanted effects will be aware of a variety of commonly held precepts. The evidence for many of these is, however, lacking or old and therefore in need of re-examination. Few would disagree that facilitating and encouraging regular and proper use of inhaler devices for the treatment of asthma and COPD is critical for successful outcomes. It seems logical that the abandonment of unnecessary or ill-founded practices forms an integral part of this process: the use of inhalers is bewildering enough, particularly with regular introduction of new drugs, devices and ancillary equipment, without unnecessary and pointless adages. We review the evidence, or lack thereof, underlying ten items of inhaler ‘lore’ commonly passed on by health professionals to each other and thence to patients. The exercise is intended as a pragmatic, evidence-informed review by a group of clinicians with appropriate experience. It is not intended to be an exhaustive review of the literature; rather, we aim to stimulate debate, and to encourage researchers to challenge some of these ideas and to provide new, updated evidence on which to base relevant, meaningful advice in the future. The discussion on each item is followed by a formal, expert opinion by members of the ADMIT Working Group.
Divergence of ecosystem services in U.S. National Forests and Grasslands under a changing climate
Authors: Duan Kai , Sun Ge , Sun Shanlei , Caldwell Peter V. , Cohen Erika C. , McNulty Steven G. , Aldridge Heather D. , Zhang Yang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe 170 National Forests and Grasslands (NFs) in the conterminous United States are public lands that provide important ecosystem services such as clean water and timber supply to the American people. This study investigates the potential impacts of climate change on two key ecosystem functions (i.e., water yield and ecosystem productivity) using the most recent climate projections derived from 20 Global Climate Models (GCMs) of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). We find that future climate change may result in a significant reduction in water yield but an increase in ecosystem productivity in NFs. On average, gross ecosystem productivity is projected to increase by 76 ~ 229 g C m−2 yr−1 (8% ~ 24%) while water yield is projected to decrease by 18 ~ 31 mm yr−1 (4% ~ 7%) by 2100 as a result of the combination of increased air temperature (+1.8 ~ +5.2 °C) and precipitation (+17 ~ +51 mm yr−1). The notable divergence in ecosystem services of water supply and carbon sequestration is expected to intensify under higher greenhouse gas emission and associated climate change in the future, posing greater challenges to managing NFs for both ecosystem services.
Brief wide-field photostimuli evoke and modulate oscillatory reverberating activity in cortical networks
Authors: Pulizzi Rocco , Musumeci Gabriele , Van den Haute Chris , Van De Vijver Sebastiaan , Baekelandt Veerle , Giugliano Michele 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCell assemblies manipulation by optogenetics is pivotal to advance neuroscience and neuroengineering. In in vivo applications, photostimulation often broadly addresses a population of cells simultaneously, leading to feed-forward and to reverberating responses in recurrent microcircuits. The former arise from direct activation of targets downstream and are straightforward to interpret. The latter are consequence of feedback connectivity and may reflect a variety of time-scales and complex dynamical properties. We investigated wide-field photostimulation in cortical networks in vitro, employing substrate-integrated microelectrode arrays and long-term cultured neuronal networks. We characterized the effect of brief light pulses, while restricting the expression of channelrhodopsin to principal neurons. We evoked robust reverberating responses, oscillating in the physiological gamma frequency range and found that such a frequency could be reliably manipulated varying the light pulse duration, not its intensity. By pharmacology, mathematical modelling and intracellular recordings, we conclude that gamma oscillations likely emerge as in vivo from the excitatory-inhibitory interplay and that, unexpectedly, the light stimuli transiently facilitate excitatory synaptic transmission. Of relevance for in vitro models of (dys)functional cortical microcircuitry and in vivo manipulations of cell assemblies, we give for the first time evidence of network-level consequences of the alteration of synaptic physiology by optogenetics.
Sub-kT/q Subthreshold-Slope Using Negative Capacitance in Low-Temperature Polycrystalline-Silicon Thin-Film Transistor
Authors: Park Jae Hyo , Jang Gil Su , Kim Hyung Yoon , Seok Ki Hwan , Chae Hee Jae , Lee Sol Kyu , Joo Seung Ki 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRealizing a low-temperature polycrystalline-silicon (LTPS) thin-film transistor (TFT) with sub-kT/q subthreshold slope (SS) is significantly important to the development of next generation active-matrix organic-light emitting diode displays. This is the first time a sub-kT/q SS (31.44 mV/dec) incorporated with a LTPS-TFT with polycrystalline-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT)/ZrTiO4 (ZTO) gate dielectrics has been demonstrated. The sub-kT/q SS was observed in the weak inversion region at −0.5 V showing ultra-low operating voltage with the highest mobility (250.5 cm2/Vsec) reported so far. In addition, the reliability of DC negative bias stress, hot carrier stress and self-heating stress in LTPS-TFT with negative capacitance was investigated for the first time. It was found that the self-heating stress showed accelerated SS degradation due to the PZT Curie temperature.
Optical strain based pre-failure indication in failure process of geomaterials
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sudipta , Deb Debasis 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMultilevel extended digital image correlation (X-DIC) technique based on finite element method (FEM) is applied for measuring deformation of geomaterials under uni-axial loading condition. The concept of Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is introduced for smoothing computed displacements as well as for calculating strain tensors at every nodal point of FEM mesh. Cumulative effective strain estimated from strain tensors is found to be a well suited parameter to identify the change in stress-strain behaviour in experimented samples. Further analysis suggests that onset of microcrack development and yielding in samples can also be identified using this parameter. Based on these findings, an indicator is developed for determining onset of both microcrack development and yielding in geomaterials. This indicator is found to be related to volumetric strains and may also signify dilation of the sample. The potential of the developed indicator is tested by conducting four experimental works with concrete and rock samples.
Highly Efficient F, Cu doped TiO2 anti-bacterial visible light active photocatalytic coatings to combat hospital-acquired infections
Authors: Leyland Nigel S. , Podporska-Carroll Joanna , Browne John , Hinder Steven J. , Quilty Brid , Pillai Suresh C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBacterial infections are a major threat to the health of patients in healthcare facilities including hospitals. One of the major causes of patient morbidity is infection with Staphylococcus aureus. One of the the most dominant nosocomial bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been reported to survive on hospital surfaces (e.g. privacy window glasses) for up to 5 months. None of the current anti-bacterial technology is efficient in eliminating Staphylococcus aureus. A novel transparent, immobilised and superhydrophilic coating of titanium dioxide, co-doped with fluorine and copper has been prepared on float glass substrates. Antibacterial activity has demonstrated (by using Staphylococcus aureus), resulting from a combination of visible light activated (VLA) photocatalysis and copper ion toxicity. Co-doping with copper and fluorine has been shown to improve the performance of the coating, relative to a purely fluorine-doped VLA photocatalyst. Reductions in bacterial population of log10 = 4.2 under visible light irradiation and log10 = 1.8 in darkness have been achieved, compared with log10 = 1.8 under visible light irradiation and no activity, for a purely fluorine-doped titania. Generation of reactive oxygen species from the photocatalytic coatings is the major factor that significantly reduces the bacterial growth on the glass surfaces.
Yeast V-ATPase Proteolipid Ring Acts as a Large-conductance Transmembrane Protein Pore
Authors: Couoh-Cardel Sergio , Hsueh Yi-Ching , Wilkens Stephan , Movileanu Liviu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe vacuolar H+ -ATPase (V-ATPase) is a rotary motor enzyme that acidifies intracellular organelles and the extracellular milieu in some tissues. Besides its canonical proton-pumping function, V-ATPase’s membrane sector, Vo, has been implicated in non-canonical functions including membrane fusion and neurotransmitter release. Here, we report purification and biophysical characterization of yeast V-ATPase c subunit ring (c-ring) using electron microscopy and single-molecule electrophysiology. We find that yeast c-ring forms dimers mediated by the c subunits’ cytoplasmic loops. Electrophysiology measurements of the c-ring reconstituted into a planar lipid bilayer revealed a large unitary conductance of ~8.3 nS. Thus, the data support a role of V-ATPase c-ring in membrane fusion and neuronal communication.
Genipin crosslinking reduced the immunogenicity of xenogeneic decellularized porcine whole-liver matrices through regulation of immune cell proliferation and polarization
Authors: Wang Yujia , Bao Ji , Wu Xiujuan , Wu Qiong , Li Yi , Zhou Yongjie , Li Li , Bu Hong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDecellularized xenogeneic whole-liver matrices are plausible biomedical materials for the bioengineering of liver transplantation. A common method to reduce the inflammatory potential of xenogeneic matrices is crosslinking. Nevertheless, a comprehensive analysis of the immunogenic features of cross-linked decellularized tissue is still lacking. We aimed to reduce the immunogenicity of decellularized porcine whole-liver matrix through crosslinking with glutaraldehyde or genipin, a new natural agent and investigated the mechanism of the immune-mediated responses. The histologic assessment of the host’s immune reaction activated in response to these scaffolds, as well as the M1/M2 phenotypic polarization profile of macrophages, was studied in vivo. The genipin-fixed scaffold elicited a predominantly M2 phenotype response, while the glutaraldehyde-fixed scaffold resulted in disrupted host tissue remodeling and a mixed macrophage polarization profile. The specific subsets of immune cells involved in the responses to the scaffolds were identified in vitro. Crosslinking alleviated the host response by reducing the proliferation of lymphocytes and their subsets, accompanied by a decreased release of both Th1 and Th2 cytokines. Therefore, we conclude that the natural genipin crosslinking could lower the immunogenic potential of xenogeneic decellularized whole-liver scaffolds.
One-pot non-enzymatic formation of firefly luciferin in a neutral buffer from p-benzoquinone and cysteine
Authors: Kanie Shusei , Nishikawa Toshio , Ojika Makoto , Oba Yuichi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFirefly luciferin, the substrate for the bioluminescence reaction of luminous beetles, possesses a benzothiazole ring, which is rare in nature. Here, we demonstrate a novel one-pot reaction to give firefly luciferin in a neutral buffer from p-benzoquinone and cysteine without any synthetic reagents or enzymes. The formation of firefly luciferin was low in yield in various neutral buffers, whereas it was inhibited or completely prevented in acidic or basic buffers, in organic solvents, or under a nitrogen atmosphere. Labelling analysis of the firefly luciferin using stable isotopic cysteines showed that the benzothiazole ring was formed via the decarboxylation and carbon-sulfur bond rearrangement of cysteine. These findings imply that the biosynthesis of firefly luciferin can be developed/evolved from the non-enzymatic production of firefly luciferin using common primary biosynthetic units, p-benzoquinone and cysteine.
Regiospecific synthesis of prenylated flavonoids by a prenyltransferase cloned from Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Yang Xiaoman , Yang Jiali , Jiang Yueming , Yang Hongshun , Yun Ze , Rong Weiliang , Yang Bao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDue to their impressive pharmaceutical activities and safety, prenylated flavonoids have a high potent to be applied as medicines and nutraceuticals. Biocatalysis is an effective technique to synthesize prenylated flavonoids. The major concern of this technique is that the microbe-derived prenyltransferases usually have poor regiospecificity and generate multiple prenylated products. In this work, a highly regiospecific prenyltransferase (FoPT1) was found from Fusarium oxysporum. It could recognize apigenin, naringenin, genistein, dihydrogenistein, kampferol, luteolin and hesperetin as substrates and only 6-C-prenylated flavonoids were detected as the products. The catalytic efficiency of FoPT1 on flavonoids was in a decreasing order with hesperetin >naringenin >apigenin >genistein >luteolin >dihydrogenistein >kaempferol. Chalcones, flavanols and stilbenes were not active when acting as the substrates. 5,7-Dihydroxy and 4-carbonyl groups of flavonid were required for the catalysis. 2,3-Alkenyl was beneficial to the catalysis whereas 3-hydroxy impaired the prenylation reaction. Docking studies simulated the prenyl transfer reaction of FoPT1. E186 was involved in the formation of prenyl carbonium ion. E98, F89, F182, Y197 and E246 positioned apigenin for catalysis.
Realist Territory
Authors: Jaffe Audrey 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This chapter shows how Adam Bede’s realist conventions frame the real as spectacle, simultaneously inviting readers into the novel’s idealized scenes of domesticity and establishing the rreal as a fantasy that readers can only observe. The novel literalizes the frames of realist convention, using space as a metaphor for ideological position. Adam Bede’s realism reproduces a cultural imaginary in which the reader, imagined as viewer or spectator, stands at the threshold of—and is invited to imagine entering—a space constructed as simultaneously real and fantasmatic. The novel’s replacement of Hetty by Dinah, relying on a repeated image of a woman in a threshold, exemplifies its replacement of individual fantasy with realist fantasy for Adam Bede, as he learns—as readers must as well—to replace his initial desires with those the novel constructs for him.