bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel strategy for spinal cord reconstruction via vascularized allogeneic spinal cord transplantation combine spinal cord fusion
Authors: Zhang Weihua , Lan Rongyu , Shen Tingting , Qin Jie , Wang Zhihui , Chen Jiayang , Wang Jiaxing , Wu Zhuotan , Xu Yudong , Shen Yangyang , Lin Qikai , Chen Yuan , Wei Yi , Liu Yiwen , Ning Yuance , Zhou Yiyan , Deng Liji , Han Linxuan , Wu Xiaofei , Deng Haixuan , Cao Zhenbin , Yao Xianping , Ren Xiaoping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsSpinal cord injuries (SCI) pose persistent challenges in clinical practice due to the secondary injury. Drawing from our experience in spinal cord fusion (SCF), we propose vascularized allogeneic spinal cord transplantation (vASCT) as a novel approach for SCI, much like organ transplantation has revolutionized organ failure treatment and vascularized composite‐tissue allotransplantation has addressed limb defects.Materials and MethodsIn this study, 24 dogs were paired and underwent vASCT, with donor spinal cord grafts and polyethylene glycol (PEG) application for SCF. The experimental group (n = 8) received tacrolimus and methylprednisolone, while the control group (n = 4) received only methylprednisolone. Safety and efficacy of vASCT were evaluated through electrophysiology, imaging, and 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsThe experimental group showed substantial recovery in hind limb motor function. Imaging revealed robust survival of spinal cord grafts and restoration of spinal cord continuity. In contrast, the control group maintained hind limb paralysis, with imaging confirming spinal cord graft necrosis and extensive defects. Electrophysiologically, the experimental group exhibited restored motor evoked potential signal conduction postoperatively, unlike the control group. Notably, PEG application during vASCT led to signal conduction recovery in intraoperative spinal cord evoked potential examinations for all dogs.ConclusionIn the vASCT surgical model, the combination of PEG with tacrolimus has demonstrated the ability to reconstruct spinal cord continuity and restore hind limb motor function in beagles. Notably, a low dose of tacrolimus has also exhibited an excellent anti‐immune rejection effect. These findings highlight vASCT's potential promise as a therapeutic strategy for addressing irreversible SCI.
Nanoemulsion‐based transdermal delivery of third‐generation steroidal and non‐steroidal aromatase inhibitors in preclinical models
Authors: Gao Lanyang , Gao Lin , Huang Shiyao , Sun Lei , Li Mei , Shen Chen , Chen Youyou , Tan Ruihao , Chen Yuji , Zhan Chengguo , Wieland Frank Heinrich , Liu Yingying , Zhang Yinan , Luo Yao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAromatase inhibitors are effective in treating hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women. However, the challenges of inconsistent dissolution, variable absorption and side effects with oral administration persist. To address these issues, transdermal delivery has emerged as a viable alternative. In our study, we have developed nanoemulsion‐based transdermal creams containing third‐generation aromatase inhibitors Exemestane (EXE) or Letrozole (LE) and evaluated their toxicity, anti‐tumour effects and androgenic potency using preclinical models including Bama minipigs, DMBA‐induced breast cancer rats and orchidectomized male rats. The results of our study are significant, suggesting that both creams effectively penetrated the skin, demonstrating an impressive anti‐breast cancer effect. Importantly, EXE cream had no organ toxicity at the tested dose, providing a reassuring safety profile for its use. In contrast, LE cream displayed reversible toxicity from drug molecule itself in animals at the given dose, dissipating after 3 weeks of withdrawal and recovery. This study establishes a solid foundation for the safe clinical use of third‐generation aromatase inhibitors. It highlights transdermal creams as a promising drug delivery carrier for administering them.
Transplantation of the heart and both lungs: Initial experience of twelve operations in ten patients
Authors: Reichart B. , Blaschke F. , Cooper D. K. C. , Novitzky D. , Reichenspurner H. , Odell J. A. , Rose A. G. , Kemkes B. M. , Klinner W. 
Published: September 2024

From February 1983 to December 1986, 12 heart‐lung transplantations were performed in 10 patients at the Munich University Hospital and the University of Cape Town. The pre‐operative diagnoses were primary pulmonary hypertension in 4 patients, Eisenmenger's syndrome in 3 fibrosing alveolitis, emphysema in 1 case and primary pulmonary fibrosis in 1 other case. Two retransplantations were performed due to chronic obliterative bronchiolitis and tuberculosis in 1 case and acute pulmonary failure in the other. Four patients are alive, spanning from 3 years to 6 months after surgery. Infection was a major cause of death. Acute rejection turned out to be a major non‐lethal complication. According to our experience, in most cases solitary pulmonary rejection occurred, which always was treated successfully. The differential diagnosis between pulmonary rejection and infection is still difficult but different methods such as cyto‐immunological monitoring or endobronchial biopsies have proved to be helpful.
Pathology of heart transplantation: Study of autopsied and explanted allografts with emphasis on possible biopsy findings*
Authors: Goswitz Joseph J. , Braunlin Elizabeth , Kubo Spencer H. , III R. Morton Bolman , Nakhleh Raoul E. 
Published: September 2024

We studied 28 cardiac allografts (26 autopsied, 2 explanted) from 27 patients aged 4 to 57 years (mean 35 yr). The duration of transplant was 1 day to 6 yr (mean 13 months). A spectrum of pathology was seen in the whole hearts including chronic transplant vasculopathy (12 cases), acute cellular rejection (7 cases), fungal infection (4 cases), and Epstein‐Barr virus‐related lymphoma (1 case). Length of transplant for cases with chronic transplant vasculopathy was 38 d to 6 yr and all transplants over 1 yr duration had chronic transplant vasculopathy. The lymphocytic infiltrate in acute cellular rejection was diffuse in 2 cases, but patchy in 5 with areas of spared myocardium. Subendocardial involvement was equal to that of other myocardial areas. Four patients with acute cellular rejection were biopsied within 4 d of death and only 1 biopsy was positive for rejection. Reasons for false negative results included a previous biopsy site confusing the inflammatory picture, a change in the clinical course after biopsy, and sampling error due to patchy lymphocytic infiltrate. A recent biopsy of the heart with lymphoma was misinterpreted as acute cellular rejection. We conclude that patchy lymphocytic infiltrates are common in acute cellular rejection, but a variety of factors produced false results in endomyocardial biopsies. Chronic transplant vasculopathy was universal in long‐term allografts that failed.
Phenytoin administration in renal allograft recipients on cyclosporine immunosuppression
Authors: Schweitzer Eugene J. , Canafax Daniel M. , Gillingham Kristen J. , Najarian John S. , Matas Arthur J. 
Published: September 2024

Phenytoin reduces blood levels of cyclosporine and increases the metabolism of corticosteroids. The current study was designed to determine whether patients taking phenytoin at the time of kidney transplantation experienced a worse outcome. Thirteen patients receiving phenytoin at the time of transplantation were retrospectively compared to a similar cohort not receiving phenytoin with regard to patient and graft survival, rejection episodes, and drug dosing. We did not detect any adverse impact of phenytoin administration on recipients of renal allografts, other than a requirement for higher doses of cyclosporine. There was no significant difference in 5‐year actuarial patient or graft survival (PHENYTOIN 92% and 85% vs. NO PHENYTOIN 84% and 77%, respectively), the total number of rejection episodes in 1 yr (10 vs. 6, N.S.), serum creatinine at 1 yr (1.4 ± 0.2 vs. 1.8 ± 0.1, N.S.), or number of days of hospitalization during the transplant admission (18 ± 6 vs. 11 ±2, N.S.). Generalized seizures occurred in 38% of phenytoin‐treated patients in the postoperative period. Despite close monitoring, the levels of cyclosporine during the first 3 months after transplantation were still significantly lower in the patients on phenytoin (136 ± 14 vs. 182±16 ng/ml, p = 0.04). In the patients taking phenytoin, the average requirement for cyclosporine in the 1st yr was more than twice that of patients not taking phenytoin (11.5± 1.2 vs. 5.3±0.3 mg/kg/d, p<0.001). These data illustrate the need for attentive cyclosporine monitoring in patients taking phenytoin. If cyclosporine levels are adjusted appropriately, phenytoin administration probably does not markedly influence the results of renal transplantation.
Construction and application of a decision support tool for determining venous access in breast cancer chemotherapy patients
Authors: Wu Meng , Liao Yan‐yan , Lin Zheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo construct a decision support tool for determining venous access in chemotherapy of breast cancer.MethodsA decision support tool for determining venous access was developed through semi‐structured interviews, literature analysis, expert inquiry, and user adaptation. The subjects of the study were breast cancer patients with chemotherapy who planned to have deep vein catheterization in a Grade IIIA hospital in Nanjing from August to December 2023. The enrolled patients were then divided into the control group and the intervention group, with 44 cases in each group. The control group received routine pre‐catheterization interviews, while the intervention group used the decision support tool on this basis. Further comparison was conducted on the willingness of and actual participation in decision‐making, decisional conflict, decision‐making satisfaction, and decision regret between the two groups using t‐test and chi‐square test.ResultsThis study constructed a decision support tool for determining venous access in chemotherapy of breast cancer, including 8 primary indicators and 40 secondary indicators. The intervention group actually participated in treatment decisions more than the control group, and the intervention group was more willing to participate in treatment decisions (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the intervention group had significantly higher degrees of actual participation in decision‐making and satisfaction with decision‐making compared to the control group (p < 0.05); while the former group had significantly lower decisional conflict, decision regret at 1 month and 3 months after discharge than those in the latter group (p < 0.05).ConclusionThe decision support tool for determining venous access in chemotherapy of breast cancer is scientific and practical to promote patient participation in decision‐making, reduce decisional conflicts, improve decision‐making quality, and achieve joint decision‐making between doctors and patients.
Methodological approach to investigating spatial cognition in Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
Authors: Dellinger Marion , Suret Léo , Choblet Maxime , Jozet‐Alves Christelle , Benhaïm David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAssessing cognitive traits poses consistent methodological challenges. We describe a method for testing Arctic charr by incorporating a T‐maze into their housing, which reduced stress and improved the engagement of the tested fish in the task. We outline the phases of testing to evaluate learning efficiency and determine which orientation strategies, such as motor response versus beaconing, are prioritized by the animals. We emphasize the stress management aspects of the design, aiming to inspire other researchers tackling similar obstacles, rather than delving into the specific aspects of cognitive abilities assessment.
Interpersonal Perception of Adult Playfulness at Zero‐Acquaintance: A Conceptual Replication Study of Self‐Other Agreement and Consensus, and an Extension to Two Accuracy Criteria
Authors: Brauer Kay , Proyer René T. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe replicated and extended previous research examining the accuracy of judgments of four facets of adult playfulness (Other‐directed, Lighthearted, Intellectual, and Whimsical; OLIW) at zero‐acquaintance.MethodWe conducted a conceptual replication study. One hundred sixty targets provided self‐ratings for the OLIW facets, textual self‐descriptions (≤ five sentences), daily self‐ratings of playfulness for 14 consecutive days, and ratings by knowledgeable others. Six unacquainted judges provided rated targets' playfulness based on their self‐descriptions. We replicated findings on trait‐wise self‐other agreement (SOA) and consensus and extended prior research by testing SOA for profiles of the four facets and two distinct accuracy criteria (i.e., targets' diary data and aggregates of targets' self‐reports and those from knowledgeable others).ResultsAll interpersonal perception indicators showed that facets of playfulness can be perceived above chance (SOA ≥ 0.26; consensus ≥ 0.29, accuracies ≥ 0.16). SOA extends from single facets to profiles, also when controlling for stereotype effects.ConclusionsPlayfulness can be accurately observed from minimal textual information at zero acquaintance. Our study highlights the robustness of findings on the interpersonal perception of playfulness across samples and methods, and degrees of acquaintanceship. We discuss implications for playfulness in social relationships.
Efficacy of different protocols of non‐surgical periodontal therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Corbella Stefano , Alberti Alice , Donos Nikolaos , Morandi Benedetta , Ercal Pinar , Francetti Luca , Calciolari Elena 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of the present systematic review of the literature and meta‐analysis was to evaluate the efficacy of different protocols of NSPT without any adjunctive therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes, by considering clinical and patient‐centered outcomes. For the purposes of the study randomized controlled clinical trials with more than 3‐month follow‐up were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central. Then the articles were screened for inclusion and considered based on the protocols adopted, the outcome measure, follow‐up, and the level of glycemic control. A total of 23 articles about 22 studies were included. NSPT was more effective than just oral hygiene measures/no treatment in reducing periodontal probing depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) at 3 months (0.47 mm [0.29–0.65 mm] and 0.50 mm [0.24–0.76 mm], respectively) and 6 months (0.56 mm [0.28–0.84 mm] and 0.45 mm [0.13–0.77 mm], respectively for PPD and CAL) follow‐up (very low and low level of evidence). The meta‐analysis found no evidence of a difference between full‐mouth disinfection versus quadrant protocol clinical outcomes (very low level of evidence). One study found no evidence of a difference in periodontal clinical response between good versus poor glycemic control. Based on the results of the present research NSPT protocols could be considered more efficacious than others in terms of clinical outcomes in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Moreover, NSPT resulted in efficacious improvement of periodontal parameters and HbA1c levels compared to no treatment or oral hygiene instructions alone.
Individual‐ and environmental‐level determinants of fruit and vegetable intakes in rural Georgia
Authors: Antonacci Cerra C. , Kegler Michelle C. , Bigger Lauren , Hermstad April , Ebey‐Tessendorf Karen , Haardörfer Regine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the ways in which food insecurity, food acquisition behaviors, and perceived and objective food access influence fruit and vegetable intakes among rural Georgians.DesignA population‐based survey was merged with USDA's Food Access Research Atlas, and multilevel modeling was used to determine individual‐level (eg, food insecurity, food acquisition behaviors, perceived access) and environmental‐level (eg, census tract food access) predictors of fruit and vegetable intakes.SettingTwenty‐four rural census tracts in 6 counties in Georgia, USA.ParticipantsOne thousand four hundred and seventy‐four adults.ResultsResiding in a low food access census tract was not associated with fruit or vegetable intake. Food insecurity had negative effects on both fruit and vegetable intakes. Perceived access to fresh fruits and vegetables was positively associated with fruit intake, and obtaining fresh fruits and vegetables from community or home gardens was positively associated with both fruit and vegetable intakes.ConclusionsFindings are unique from previous research on census tract‐level fruit and vegetable determinants, underscoring the need for a better understanding of influences on fruit and vegetable intakes among rural populations. Interventions to increase fruit and vegetable consumption in rural areas should prioritize food security.
Neural mechanisms associated with sleep‐dependent enhancement of motor learning after brain injury
Authors: Lequerica Anthony H. , Tong Tien T. , Rusnock Paige , Sucich Kai , Chiaravalloti Nancy , Ebben Matthew R. , Chau Patrick , Dobryakova Ekaterina 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThis study aimed to examine the improvement in performance and functional magnetic resonance imaging correlates of motor learning after a daytime nap versus a period of resting wakefulness among individuals with traumatic brain injury. A sample of 32 individuals with traumatic brain injury was randomly assigned to a Sleep (N = 17) or Wake (N = 15) group after a period of training on a motor sequential learning task. A 45‐min nap opportunity was provided for the Sleep group, while the Wake group watched a documentary for 45 min. Performance at the end of training was compared with their performance after the nap or wake intervention. Before and after the intervention, the motor sequential learning task was completed in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner to examine the relationship between change in performance and neural activation. Participants in the Sleep group showed significant gains from the end of training to after the intervention, whereas the Wake group did not. The functional magnetic resonance imaging results showed that relative to the Wake group, the Sleep group showed significantly decreased activation post‐intervention in the anterior cingulate/paracingulate, cerebellum, cuneus/precuneus, and inferior parietal lobule including angular and supramarginal gyri. Importantly, across both groups, increased task performance at post‐intervention was associated with decreased activation in the anterior cingulate/paracingulate and cerebellum. This study demonstrated the enhancing effect of a nap on motor learning performance in a sample of individuals with traumatic brain injury, with patterns of neural activation suggesting that the sequence was more automatized in the Sleep group. Strategic placement of a nap after an intense period of motor learning in the medical rehabilitation setting may have important implications for maximizing recovery after traumatic brain injury.
Disorders of gut–brain interaction through the lens of polyvagal theory
Authors: Porges Stephen W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a metric capable of tracking a hypothetical brainstem “switching” mechanism involved in regulating the afferent influence of blood pressure on the vagal efferent control of heart rate. In theory, this metric could be applied to evaluate the “efficiency” of brainstem pathways involved in common mechanisms of autonomic function involving the vagal influences on the gut as well as the heart. Thus, by exploring the dynamic “efficiency” of the brainstem feedback circuit linking heart rate to posture, a clinically relevant index of vagal flexibility might be extracted that would provide a generalizable window into the vagal regulation of both the heart and gut. Recent research supports this contention and has documented that this metric, VE, appears to covary with disorders of the gut. Clinical application of this metric might identify individual vulnerabilities that frequently reflect symptoms assumed to have features of a dysregulated autonomic nervous system (i.e., dysautonomia). If this is confirmed by additional research, then this objective measure of neural regulation of autonomic function might provide insight into the pathogenesis of disorders of gut–brain interaction.
Informal governance and transnational access in world politics
Authors: Squatrito Theresa , Sommerer Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe governance turn in political research has led to increased attention to informal institutions. For scholars of international relations this has contributed to recent scholarship that reveals a notable growth in the number of informal intergovernmental organizations (IIGOs). Many aspects of IIGOs remain unknown, including whether they involve transnational actors (TNAs). Yet, whether IIGOs are open to TNAs or not may affect their performance and legitimacy. Given the importance of TNA access to IIGOs, this article explores IIGOs openness to TNAs. We illustrate that IIGOs vary whether they are open or not and that arrangements for TNA access differ. Theoretically, we build on existing literature to posit that the political costs of involvement, TNA resources, and the institutional environment affect whether IIGO are open or closed to TNAs. Empirically, we present new data on TNA access to 94 IIGOs and examine the variation in IIGO openness to explore the validity of our theoretical expectations. We find that no single account can be offered to understand access across IIGOs, and our explanatory factors show variegated effects across different subgroups of the sample. Our findings have implications for debates on the rise of informal global governance and the openness of global governance.
Ethnicity, Violence and Binary oppositions: Frames of the Wadi Salib Events in the Israeli Press from a Postcolonial Perspective
Authors: Katz Nissim 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article analyzes the frames of the Wadi Salib events in the postcolonial perspective. The aim of this article is to show how to take historic events and analyze them according to a new perspective in media research. The events of Wadi Salib were a series of street demonstrations and riots that took place in 1959 in the Wadi Salib neighborhood of Haifa at Israel. The events were a social revolt against ethnic and socio‐economic discrimination. This article uses the grounded theory method and the framing method in order to examine the coverage techniques used by three major newspapers—Yedioth Aharonoth, Haaretz, and Maariv.The findings show three main frames. The first was the assignment of blame. The second was the frame of ethnicity. The third framing pointed to binary oppositions. The conclusion is that these frames pointed that the demonstrators are dangerous felons with criminal records who will use any means to subvert the foundations of society, while the police and the government are the defenders of the public against those insurgents.
Satisfying the composite probe on the Topic head in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Chou C.‐T. Tim 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates two puzzles concerning gapped topicalization in Chinese: (i) DPs are restricted from undergoing multiple gapped topicalization via Agree and movement, while prepositional phrases do not face this limitation; (ii) DP gapped topicalization, typically viewed as an instance of Ā‐movement, is able to feed anaphoric binding, a property conventionally associated with A‐movement. I propose that these two puzzles can be elucidated by adopting three hypotheses: (i) Van Urk's (2015) featural approach to A/Ā‐distinction, (ii) Coon & Bale's (2014) composite probing mechanism, and (iii) Deal's (2015, 2024) interaction/satisfaction model of Agree. I will also demonstrate how this proposal readily provides a systematically consistent derivational mechanism to generate successive‐cyclic topicalization in Chinese.