bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paired arrangement of kinetochores together with microtubule pivoting and dynamics drive kinetochore capture in meiosis I
Authors: Cojoc Gheorghe , Florescu Ana-Maria , Krull Alexander , Klemm Anna H. , Pavin Nenad , Jülicher Frank , Tolić Iva M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractKinetochores are protein complexes on the chromosomes, whose function as linkers between spindle microtubules and chromosomes is crucial for proper cell division. The mechanisms that facilitate kinetochore capture by microtubules are still unclear. In the present study, we combine experiments and theory to explore the mechanisms of kinetochore capture at the onset of meiosis I in fission yeast. We show that kinetochores on homologous chromosomes move together, microtubules are dynamic and pivot around the spindle pole, and the average capture time is 3–4 minutes. Our theory describes paired kinetochores on homologous chromosomes as a single object, as well as angular movement of microtubules and their dynamics. For the experimentally measured parameters, the model reproduces the measured capture kinetics and shows that the paired configuration of kinetochores accelerates capture, whereas microtubule pivoting and dynamics have a smaller contribution. Kinetochore pairing may be a general feature that increases capture efficiency in meiotic cells.
Linking magmatism with collision in an accretionary orogen
Authors: Li Shan , Chung Sun-Lin , Wilde Simon A. , Wang Tao , Xiao Wen-Jiao , Guo Qian-Qian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA compilation of U-Pb age, geochemical and isotopic data for granitoid plutons in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), enables evaluation of the interaction between magmatism and orogenesis in the context of Paleo-Asian oceanic closure and continental amalgamation. These constraints, in conjunction with other geological evidence, indicate that following consumption of the ocean, collision-related calc-alkaline granitoid and mafic magmatism occurred from 255 ± 2 Ma to 251 ± 2 Ma along the Solonker-Xar Moron suture zone. The linear or belt distribution of end-Permian magmatism is interpreted to have taken place in a setting of final orogenic contraction and weak crustal thickening, probably as a result of slab break-off. Crustal anatexis slightly post-dated the early phase of collision, producing adakite-like granitoids with some S-type granites during the Early-Middle Triassic (ca. 251–245 Ma). Between 235 and 220 Ma, the local tectonic regime switched from compression to extension, most likely caused by regional lithospheric extension and orogenic collapse. Collision-related magmatism from the southern CAOB is thus a prime example of the minor, yet tell-tale linking of magmatism with orogenic contraction and collision in an archipelago-type accretionary orogen.
Restricted diversity of dental calculus methanogens over five centuries, France
Authors: Huynh Hong T. T. , Nkamga Vanessa D. , Signoli Michel , Tzortzis Stéfan , Pinguet Romuald , Audoly Gilles , Aboudharam Gérard , Drancourt Michel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMethanogens are acknowledged archaeal members of modern dental calculus microbiota and dental pathogen complexes. Their repertoire in ancient dental calculus is poorly known. We therefore investigated archaea in one hundred dental calculus specimens collected from individuals recovered from six archaeological sites in France dated from the 14th to 19th centuries AD. Dental calculus was demonstrated by macroscopic and cone-beam observations. In 56 calculus specimens free of PCR inhibition, PCR sequencing identified Candidatus Methanobrevibacter sp. N13 in 44.6%, Methanobrevibacter oralis in 19.6%, a new Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis-like methanogen in 12.5%, a Candidatus Nitrososphaera evergladensis-like in one and Methanoculleus bourgensis in one specimen, respectively. One Candidatus Methanobrevibacter sp. N13 dental calculus was further documented by fluorescent in situ hybridization. The prevalence of dental calculus M. oralis was significantly lower in past populations than in modern populations (P = 0.03, Chi-square test). This investigation revealed a previously unknown repertoire of archaea found in the oral cavity of past French populations as reflected in preserved dental calculus.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is associated with risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Nationwide Case-Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Chung-Yu , Liao Kuang-Ming 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) share common risk factors. However, there is limited information about COPD and CKD. This is case-cohort study was carried out using the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database to evaluate the correlation between COPD and CKD. We identified cases aged older than 40 years who had an inpatient hospitalization with a first-time COPD diagnosis between 1998 and 2008. Control were selected from hospitalized patients without COPD or CKD and were matched according to age, gender and year of admission at a 2:1 ratio. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the association of CKD and COPD. The overall incidence of CKD was higher in the COPD group (470.9 per 104 person-years) than in the non-COPD group (287.52 per 104 person-years). The adjusted hazard ratio of case was 1.61 (P < 0.0001) times that of control. COPD was found to be associated with kidney disease from our follow-up. To detect CKD early, early diagnosis of CKD in patients with COPD and prompt initiation of monitoring and treatment are imperative.
Oocytes express an endogenous red fluorescent protein in a stony coral, Euphyllia ancora: a potential involvement in coral oogenesis
Authors: Shikina Shinya , Chiu Yi-Ling , Chung Yi-Jou , Chen Chieh-Jhen , Lee Yan-Horn , Chang Ching-Fong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTo date,the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying coral sexual reproduction remain largely unknown. We then performed a differential screen to identify genes related to oogenesis in the stony coral Euphyllia ancora. We identified a clone encoding a novel red fluorescent protein cDNA of E. ancora (named EaRFP). Microscopic observation and quantitative RT-PCR revealed that EaRFP is almost exclusively expressed in the ovary of the adult coral. The combination of the ovarian-cell separation method and the RT-PCR analysis revealed that the oocytes, but not the ovarian somatic cells, are the cells expressing EaRFP. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the expression of EaRFP starts in the early stage of the oocyte and continues until the maturation period. Furthermore, recombinant EaRFP was shown to possess an H2O2 degradation activity. These results raise the possibility that EaRFP plays a role in protecting the oocytes from oxidative stress from the early to late stages of oogenesis. The present study provides not only the first evidence for the potential involvement of FPs in coral oogenesis but also an insight into a cellular strategy underlying coral sexual reproduction.
Interventions for waterpipe tobacco smoking prevention and cessation: a systematic review
Authors: Jawad Mohammed , Jawad Sena , Waziry Reem K. , Ballout Rami A. , Akl Elie A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWaterpipe tobacco smoking is growing in popularity despite adverse health effects among users. We systematically reviewed the literature, searching MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science, for interventions targeting prevention and cessation of waterpipe tobacco smoking. We assessed the evidence quality using the Cochrane (randomised studies), GRADE (non-randomised studies) and CASP (qualitative studies) frameworks. Data were synthesised narratively due to heterogeneity. We included four individual-level, five group-level and six legislative interventions. Of five randomised controlled studies, two showed significantly higher quit rates in intervention groups (bupropion/behavioural support versus placebo in Pakistan; 6 month abstinence relative risk (RR): 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.8); group behavioural support versus no intervention in Egypt, 12 month abstinence RR 3.3, 95% CI 1.4–8.9). Non-randomised studies showed mixed results for cessation, behavioural and knowledge outcomes. One high quality modelling study from Lebanon calculated that a 10% increase in waterpipe tobacco taxation would reduce waterpipe tobacco demand by 14.5% (price elasticity of demand −1.45). In conclusion, there is a lack of evidence of effectiveness for most waterpipe interventions. While few show promising results, higher quality interventions are needed. Meanwhile, tobacco policies should place waterpipe on par with cigarettes.
Wide‐band duplexer based on electrical balance of hybrid transformer having two notches
Authors: Park J. , Jin S. , Moon K. , Kim B. 
Published: May 2016

A tunable transformer duplexer having two notches has been proposed and demonstrated for a broadband operation. The suggested duplexer using GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) technology shows isolations of over 55 dB at the transmitter (Tx) band and over 45 dB at the receiver (Rx) band across 145 MHz bandwidth. The insertion losses are −3.35 and −3.52 dB for the Tx band and the Rx band, respectively, for 500 MHz bandwidth. At all ports, the return losses are under −15 dB. The duplexer is tunable simply by tuning the four components. Although this broadband duplexer has a very compact size with tunable capability, its performance is comparable with the front end module integrated duplexer.
Miniaturised X‐band balanced microwave limiter based on thin film hybrid integrated circuit technology
Authors: Ai Jing , Zhang Yong Hong , Xu Kai Da , Yang Yang , Tian Yin , Joines William Thomas 
Published: May 2016

On the basis of thin film hybrid integrated circuit technology, a miniaturised X‐band balanced microwave limiter with low insertion loss (IL), low spike and flat leakage power and short recovery time has been presented. The balanced circuit configuration improves the power capacity of the PIN diodes, provides the absorptive load for the reflected power and also effectively tackles the problem of suffering high incident power. The measured results show that the balanced microwave limiter could suffer a pulse with 150 W peak power and 3% duty ratio while the leakage power is <10 mW, and the small signal IL of the circuit is <1.4 dB in the frequency range from 8.8 to 9.8 GHz.
Compact multi‐band novel‐shaped planar monopole antenna for DCS, Bluetooth, and ultra‐wide‐band applications
Authors: Sambhe Vijay K. , Awale Rahul N. , Wagh Abhay 
Published: May 2016

In this study, simple and compact novel‐shape planar monopole antenna for multi‐band operation such as DCS, Bluetooth, and ultra‐wide‐band (UWB) is proposed. Proposed antenna comprises of circular ring with extended rectangular monopole antenna in one of the arm of the circular ring and inverted L‐shape monopole antenna at the centre of the structure is placed to generate multiple resonances at different frequencies. In this structure, Bluetooth frequency band generates due to extended rectangular patch, DCS band by inverted L‐patch, and UWB bands due to circular ring. Easily available FR4 substrate with permittivity 4.4 and loss tangent 0.02 is used for fabrication with antenna dimensions (35.5 × 24.5 × 1.6) mm3. Antenna structure is fed through 50 Ω micro‐strip line and terminated by SMA connector. Measured return loss of the antenna is ≤−10 dB with effective control over the three operating frequency bands. In addition, some selected key parameters which affect the impedance bandwidth are analysed and results are discussed.
Primer release is the rate-limiting event in lagging-strand synthesis mediated by the T7 replisome
Authors: Hernandez Alfredo J. , Lee Seung-Joo , Richardson Charles C. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Lagging-strand DNA is replicated in multiple segments called Okazaki fragments, whose formation involves a complex molecular cycle mediated by DNA primase, polymerase, and other replisome components. In addition, synthesis of the lagging strand must occur in lockstep with the leading strand. Using the simple replication system of bacteriophage T7, we found that primer release from the DNA primase domain of T7 primase helicase is a critical regulatory event in the initiation of Okazaki fragments and that the T7 single-stranded binding protein, gp2.5, regulates initiation timing.
USP6 oncogene promotes Wnt signaling by deubiquitylating Frizzleds
Authors: Madan Babita , Walker Matthew P. , Young Robert , Quick Laura , Orgel Kelly A. , Ryan Meagan , Gupta Priti , Henrich Ian C. , Ferrer Marc , Marine Shane , Roberts Brian S. , Arthur William T. , Berndt Jason D. , Oliveira Andre M. , Moon Randall T. , Virshup David M. , Chou Margaret M. , Major Michael B. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Ubiquitin-specific protease 6 (USP6) is a deubiquitylase that is overexpressed by chromosome translocation in two human neoplasms, aneurysmal bone cyst and nodular fasciitis. The relevant substrates of this ubiquitin-specific protease are not clear. Here, we identify the Wnt receptor Frizzled (Fzd) as a key target of the USP6 oncogene. Increased expression of USP6 increases the membrane abundance of Fzd, and hence increases cellular sensitivity to Wnts. USP6 opposes the activity of the ubiquitin ligase and tumor suppressor ring finger protein 43 (RNF43). This study identifies a new mechanism for pathological Wnt pathway activation in human disease and suggests a new approach to regulate Wnt activity therapeutically.
Research on individual differences in executive functions
Authors: Friedman Naomi P. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Executive functions (EFs), such as response inhibition, interference control, and set shifting, are general-purpose control mechanisms that enable individuals to regulate their thoughts and behaviors. Because bilingual individuals use EF-like processes during language control, researchers have become interested in the hypothesis that this use might train EFs, resulting in better performance on non-linguistic EF tasks. Although this bilingual advantage hypothesis seems straightforward to test, it involves a number of important decisions in terms of how to assess bilingualism and EFs. In this article, I focus on the complexity of measuring EFs, drawing on individual differences research (conducted with participants not selected for bilingualism). Specifically, I discuss issues related to (1) the measurement of EFs (particularly the effects of task impurity and unreliability) and (2) the multicomponent nature of EFs. Within each of these topics, I elaborate on consequences for research on bilingual advantages and provide some recommendations.
Coliform Bacteria Monitoring in Fish Systems: Current Practices in Public Aquaria
Authors: Culpepper Erin E. , Clayton Leigh A. , Hadfield Catherine A. , Arnold Jill E. , Bourbon Holly M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Public aquaria evaluate coliform indicator bacteria levels in fish systems, but the purpose of testing, testing methods, and management responses are not standardized, unlike with the coliform bacteria testing for marine mammal enclosures required by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. An online survey was sent to selected aquaria to document current testing and management practices in fish systems without marine mammals. The information collected included indicator bacteria species, the size and type of systems monitored, the primary purpose of testing, sampling frequency, test methods, the criteria for interpreting results, corrective actions, and management changes to limit human exposure. Of the 25 institutions to which surveys were sent, 19 (76%) responded. Fourteen reported testing for fecal indicator bacteria in fish systems. The most commonly tested indicator species were total (86%) and fecal (79%) coliform bacteria, which were detected by means of the membrane filtration method (64%). Multiple types and sizes of systems were tested, and the guidelines for testing and corrective actions were highly variable. Only three institutions performed additional tests to confirm the identification of indicator organisms. The results from this study can be used to compare bacterial monitoring practices and protocols in fish systems, as an aid to discussions relating to the accuracy and reliability of test results, and to help implement appropriate management responses.
Received August 23, 2015; accepted December 29, 2015
In–out asymmetry of divertor particle flux in H-mode with edge localized modes on EAST
Authors: Liu J.B. , Guo H.Y. , Wang L. , Xu G.S. , Xia T.Y. , Liu S.C. , Xu X.Q. , Li Jie , Chen L. , Yan N. , Wang H.Q. , Xu J.C. , Feng W. , Shao L.M. , Deng G.Z. , Liu H. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The in–out divertor asymmetry in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), as manifested by particle fluxes measured by the divertor triple Langmuir probe arrays, is significantly enhanced during type-I edge localized modes (ELMs), favoring the inner divertor in lower single null (LSN) for the normal toroidal field (B
t) direction, i.e. with the ion B  ×

∇

B direction towards the lower X-point, while the in–out asymmetry is reversed when the ion B  ×

∇

B is directed away from the lower X-point. The plasma flow measured by the Mach probe at the outer midplane is in the ion Pfirsch–Schlüter (PS) flow direction, opposite to both B  ×

∇

B and E  ×  B drifts, i.e. towards the inner divertor for normal B
t, and the outer divertor for reverse B
t, consistent with the observed in–out divertor asymmetry in particle fluxes. Since the particle source from an ELM event is predominantly located near the outer midplane, this new finding suggests a critical role of the PS flow in driving the in–out divertor asymmetry. The divertor asymmetry during type-III ELMs exhibits a similar trend to that during type-I ELMs. Strong in–out divertor asymmetry is also present during inter-ELM and ELM-free phases for the normal field direction, i.e. with more particle flux to the lower inner divertor target, but the peak particle flux merely becomes more symmetric, or slightly reversed, for reverse B
t, i.e. reversed B  ×

∇

B drift direction.
SimLoRD: Simulation of Long Read Data
Authors: Stöcker Bianca K. , Köster Johannes , Rahmann Sven 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Motivation: Third generation sequencing methods provide longer reads than second generation methods and have distinct error characteristics. While there exist many read simulators for second generation data, there is a very limited choice for third generation data.
Results: We analyzed public data from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) SMRT sequencing, developed an error model and implemented it in a new read simulator called SimLoRD. It offers options to choose the read length distribution and to model error probabilities depending on the number of passes through the sequencer. The new error model makes SimLoRD the most realistic SMRT read simulator available.
Availability and Implementation: SimLoRD is available open source at http://bitbucket.org/genomeinformatics/simlord/ and installable via Bioconda ( http://bioconda.github.io ).
Contact: Bianca.Stoecker@uni-due.de or Sven.Rahmann@uni-due.de .
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Stirred but not shaken: population and recruitment genetics of the scallop (Pecten fumatus) in Bass Strait, Australia
Authors: Ovenden Jennifer R. , Tillett Bree J. , Macbeth Michael , Broderick Damien , Filardo Fiona , Street Raewyn , Tracey Sean R. , Semmens Jayson 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe report population genetic structure and fine-scale recruitment processes for the scallop beds (Pecten fumatus) in Bass Strait and the eastern coastline of Tasmania in southern Australia. Conventional population pairwise FST analyses are compared with novel discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC) to assess population genetic structure using allelic variation in 11 microsatellite loci. Fine-scale population connectivity was compared with oceanic features of the sampled area. Disjunct scallop beds were genetically distinct, but there was little population genetic structure between beds connected by tides and oceanic currents. To identify recruitment patterns among and within beds, pedigree analyses determined the distribution of parent–offspring and sibling relationships in the sampled populations. Beds in northeastern Bass Strait were genetically distinct to adjacent beds (FST 0.003–0.005) and may not contribute to wider recruitment based on biophysical models of larval movement. Unfortunately, pedigree analyses lacked power to further dissect fine-scale recruitment processes including self-recruitment. Our results support the management of disjunct populations as separate stocks and the protection of source populations among open water beds. The application of DAPC and parentage analyses in the current study provided valuable insight into their potential power to determine population connectivity in marine species with larval dispersal.
Roles of regulatory T cells in cancer immunity
Authors: Takeuchi Yoshiko , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
CD4 + regulatory T cells (T regs ) expressing the transcription factor FoxP3 are highly immune suppressive and play central roles in the maintenance of self-tolerance and immune homeostasis, yet in malignant tumors they promote tumor progression by suppressing effective antitumor immunity. Indeed, higher infiltration by T regs is observed in tumor tissues, and their depletion augments antitumor immune responses in animal models. Additionally, increased numbers of T regs and, in particular, decreased ratios of CD8 + T cells to T regs among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes are correlated with poor prognosis in various types of human cancers. The recent success of cancer immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint blockade has provided a new insight in cancer treatment, yet more than half of the treated patients did not experience clinical benefits. Identifying biomarkers that predict clinical responses and developing novel immunotherapies are therefore urgently required. Cancer patients whose tumors contain a large number of neoantigens stemming from gene mutations, which have not been previously recognized by the immune system, provoke strong antitumor T-cell responses associated with clinical responses following immune checkpoint blockade, depending on the resistance to T reg -mediated suppression. Thus, integration of a strategy restricting T reg -mediated immune suppression may expand the therapeutic spectrum of cancer immunotherapy towards patients with a lower number of neoantigens. In this review, we address the current understanding of T reg -mediated immune suppressive mechanisms in cancer, the involvement of T regs in cancer immunotherapy, and strategies for effective and tolerable T reg -targeted therapy.
Excited-state hydroxyl maser catalogue from the methanol multibeam survey – I. Positions and variability
Authors: Avison A , Quinn L J , Fuller G A , Caswell J L , Green J A , Breen S L , Ellingsen S P , Gray M D , Pestalozzi M , Thompson M A , Voronkov M A 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We present the results of the first complete unbaised survey of the Galactic plane for 6035-MHz excited-state hydroxyl (ex-OH) masers undertaken as part of the methanol multibeam (MMB) survey. These observations cover the Galactic longitude ranges 186° &lt; l &lt; 60° including the Galactic Centre. We report the detection of 127 ex-OH masers within the survey region, 47 being new sources. The positions of new detections were determined from interferometric observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. We discuss the association of 6035-MHz masers in our survey with the 6668-MHz masers from the MMB Survey, finding 37 likely CH3OH–ex-OH maser pairs with physical separations of ≤0.03 pc and 55 pairings separated by ≤0.1 pc. Using these we calculate for the first time an ex-OH maser lifetime of between 3.3 × 103 and 8.3 × 103 yr. We also discuss the variability of the 6035-MHz masers and detection rates of counterpart 6030-MHz ex-OH masers (28 per cent of our sample having detection at both frequencies).