bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Closing the gap: examining the impact of source habitat proximity on plant and soil microbial communities in post-mining spoil heap succession
Authors: Mészárošová Lenka , Kuťáková Eliška , Kohout Petr , Münzbergová Zuzana , Baldrian Petr 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionRevegetation of barren substrates is often determined by the composition and distance of the nearest plant community, serving as a source of colonizing propagules. Whether such dispersal effect can be observed during the development of soil microbial communities, is not clear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate which factors structure plant and soil bacterial and fungal communities during primary succession on a limestone quarry spoil heap, focusing on the effect of distance to the adjoining xerophilous grassland.MethodsWe established a grid of 35 plots covering three successional stages – initial barren substrate, early successional community and late successional grassland ecosystem, the latter serving as the primary source of soil colonization. On these plots, we performed vegetation surveys of plant community composition and collected soil cores to analyze soil chemical properties and bacterial and fungal community composition.ResultsThe composition of early successional plant community was significantly affected by the proximity of the source late successional community, however, the effect weakened when the distance exceeded 20 m. Early successional microbial communities were structured mainly by the local plant community composition and soil chemical properties, with minimal contribution of the source community proximity.DiscussionThese results show that on small spatial scales, species migration is an important determinant of plant community composition during primary succession while the establishment of soil microbial communities is not limited by dispersal and is primarily driven by local biotic and abiotic conditions.
Acupuncture treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy: an overview of systematic reviews based on evidence mapping
Authors: Jiang Junjie , Shen Hao , Zhang Yi , Li Yuanyuan , Jing Yuanyuan , Chen Xinyi , Wu Hongli , Xie Yanming , Liu Huan 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe study attempted to evaluate the meta-analyses (MAs) of the acupuncture treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) to provide a basis for clinical decision-making.MethodsEight databases, such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data, CQVIP, and CBM, were searched from database creation to December 22, 2023. The MAs of DPN treatment using acupuncture or acupuncture combined with conventional Western medicine were included. AMSTAR-2 and PRISMA 2020 helped evaluate the methodological and reporting quality of the included studies. The GRADE methodology helped assess the evidence quality of outcome indicators. Evidence mapping was performed to display evaluation results.ResultsA total of 18 MAs involving 23,240 DPN patients were included. Based on the methodological quality evaluation, four MAs were of “moderate” quality, seven had a quality grade of “low,” and another seven were of “critically low” quality. The evidence quality evaluation showed that among studies of acupuncture vs. conventional Western medicine, four had an evidence quality of “moderate,” 18 had an evidence quality of “low,” and 17 had an evidence quality of “critically low” and that among studies of acupuncture + conventional Western medicine vs. conventional Western medicine, 12 had an evidence quality of “moderate,” 29 had an evidence quality of “low,” and 33 had an evidence quality of “critically low.” Compared with conventional Western medicine, simple acupuncture and acupuncture + conventional Western medicine significantly improved total effective rate (TER) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV).ConclusionAcupuncture treatment of DPN significantly improves TER and NCV with proven safety. However, the MAs of the acupuncture treatment of DPN must strictly refer to relevant standards and specifications regarding methodological and reporting quality, along with the design, execution, and reporting of primary randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
The clinical and neuropsychological profiles of Alzheimer’s disease with white matter hyperintensity in North China
Authors: Chen Yuan , Wang Yan , Zhang Miao , Zhou Yuying , Zhang Huihong , Li Pan , Wu Jialing 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundPatients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) often exhibit characteristic clinical manifestations, particularly neuropsychiatric symptoms. Previous studies have shown that white matter hyperintensity (WMH) is strongly associated with AD progression, as well as neuropsychiatric symptoms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical and neuropsychological characteristics of AD patients with WMH.MethodsThis retrospective study involved 104 18-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission computed tomography (18FDG-PET-CT)-defined AD patients treated at Tianjin Huanhu Hospital from January 2010 to December 2022. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provided semi-quantitative data on brain structure and WMH. Collect and analyze patient clinical data. Neuropsychological assessments were used to evaluate cognitive function and psychobehavioral traits.ResultsAmong the 104 patients, 66 were in the WMH group (63.5%) and 38 in the non-white matter hyperintensity (non-WMH) group (36.5%). There were no significant differences in gender, age, age of onset, education, BMI, smoking, drinking, diabetes, coronary heart disease, dementia family history, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between the two groups. The WMH group showed higher rates of hypertension, homocysteine (Hcy) levels, NPI, and CDR scores as compared to the non-WMH group (p &lt; 0.05). MMSE and MoCA scores were significantly lower in the WMH group (p &lt; 0.05). In the MMSE subitem analysis, patients in the WMH group showed a decrease in attention, recall, and language scores. In the MOCA subitem analysis, WMH patients had lower scores in executive function, naming, attention, language, abstraction, and orientation (p &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, subgroup analysis of NPI showed a higher incidence of delusions, depression, and apathy in the WMH group (p &lt; 0.05). According to the hierarchical analysis of mild, moderate and severe dementia groups, the hypertension, leukoencephalopathy, Hcy level, Fazekas total score, PWMH and DWMH scores in the severe dementia group were significantly higher than those in the mild and moderate dementia groups (p &lt; 0.05). As the disease progresses, more and more patients show increased white matter hyperintensity.ConclusionWhite matter lesions are closely correlated with cognitive decline and psychobehavioral symptoms in AD patients, and may be used as an indicator of disease progression. Priority should be given to early screening and prevention of WMH-related risk factors.
Bibliometric analysis of research trends on factors affecting older adults with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Yang Lei , Yang Rushi , Wang Bo , Liu Tiantian , Wang Ziyi 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundIn recent years, the problem of cognitive impairment in the elderly has become increasingly prominent. Understanding the research trend of influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment, and provide reference for medical staff to early screening of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment.ObjectiveThrough the visual analysis of the influence factors of the elderly with mild cognitive impairment, the current research status was discussed.MethodsThe relevant literature in the field of influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment in the elderly included in the Web of Science core collection database from 2013 to 2022 was searched. Using software such as Cite Space and VOS viewer to visually analyze literature citations, country, keywords, and development trends.ResultsA total of 547 relevant literatures were included, and the number of publications showed an increasing trend in the past ten years. The United States ranked first in both the number of published papers (157) and centrality (0.34), and the United States and China had a greater influence on the influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive decline, the elderly, risk factors, are the research hotspot in this field.ConclusionCognitive decline will affect the autonomy of the elderly. Cognitive frailty, MRI is the forefront of MCI research, to understand the research hotspots and frontiers in this field, to conduct early screening and intervention guidance for people with mild cognitive impairment, so as to delay the occurrence of Alzheimer’s disease, and reduce the pressure on family caregivers and society.
Impact of mini-dose dexmedetomidine supplemented analgesia on sleep structure in patients at high risk of obstructive sleep apnea: a pilot trial
Authors: Sun Pei , Liang Xin-Quan , Chen Na-Ping , Ma Jia-Hui , Zhang Cheng , Shen Yan-E , Zhu Sai-Nan , Wang Dong-Xin 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in surgical patients and associated with worse perioperative outcomes.ObjectivesTo investigate the effect of mini-dose dexmedetomidine supplemented analgesia on postoperative sleep quality pattern in patients at high risk of OSA.DesignA pilot randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.SettingA tertiary university hospital in Beijing, China.PatientsOne hundred and fifty-two adult patients who had a STOP-Bang score ≥3 and a serum bicarbonate level ≥28 mmol/L and were scheduled for major noncardiac surgery between 29 January 2021 and 20 September 2022.InterventionAfter surgery, patients were provided with high-flow nasal cannula and randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive self-controlled opioid analgesia supplemented with either mini-dose dexmedetomidine (median 0.02 μg/kg/h) or placebo. We monitored polysomnogram from 9:00 pm to 6:00 am during the first night.Main outcome measuresOur primary outcome was the percentage of stage 2 non-rapid eye movement (N2) sleep. Secondary and exploratory outcomes included other postoperative sleep structure parameters, sleep-respiratory parameters, and subjective sleep quality (Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire; 0–100 score range, higher score better).ResultsAll 152 patients were included in intention-to-treat analysis; 123 patients were included in sleep structure analysis. Mini-dose dexmedetomidine supplemented analgesia increased the percentage of stage N2 sleep (median difference, 10%; 95% CI, 1 to 21%; p = 0.029); it also decreased the percentage of stage N1 sleep (median difference, −10%; 95% CI, −20% to −1%; p = 0.042). Other sleep structure and sleep-respiratory parameters did not differ significantly between the two groups. Subjective sleep quality was slightly improved with dexmedetomidine on the night of surgery, but not statistically significant (median difference, 6; 95% CI, 0 to 13; p = 0.060). Adverse events were similar between groups.ConclusionAmong patients at high risk of OSA who underwent noncardiac surgery, mini-dose dexmedetomidine supplemented analgesia may improve sleep quality without increasing adverse events.Clinical trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04608331.
Causal associations between type 2 diabetes mellitus, glycemic traits, dietary habits and the risk of pressure ulcers: univariable, bidirectional and multivariable Mendelian randomization
Authors: Luo Pei , Huang Can 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivePrevious research has established a connection between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), glycemic traits, dietary habits, and the risk of Pressure Ulcers (PUs). The aim of our study is to disentangle any potential causal relationship between T2DM, glycemic traits, and dietary factors, and the risk of PUs.MethodsThe exposure and outcome datasets were sourced from the IEU Open GWAS project, the Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium (MAGIC), and the FinnGen biobank, respectively. The primary MR analysis method employed was the inverse variance-weighted method. Furthermore, we employed multivariable MR (MVMR) adjusting for BMI. Then, we investigated the possibility of a reverse association between glycemic traits and PUs through bidirectional MR. Finally, Heterogeneity and pleiotropic analysis were conducted to ensure the accuracy and robustness of the results.ResultsThe findings revealed that T2DM (OR = 1.282, 95% CI: 1.138–1.445, p &lt; 0.001) and Fasting Glucose (FG; OR = 2.111, 95% CI: 1.080–4.129, p = 0.029) were associated with an increased risk of PUs, while salad/raw vegetable intake (OR: 0.014; 95% CI: 0.001–0.278; p = 0.005) was identified as a protective element. However, no other dietary elements demonstrated a statistically significant causality with PUs. In addition, in the reverse direction, there were positive correlation between genetic susceptibility to PUs and an increase in FG (OR: 1.007, 95% CI: 1.000–1.013, p = 0.048) and Fasting Insulin (FI; OR: 1.012, 95% CI: 1.003–1.022, p = 0.011). MVMR results indicated that the causal effect of T2DM on PUs was independent of BMI (OR: 1.260, 95% CI: 1.112–1.427, p &lt; 0.001). These results remained robust when considering weak instrument bias, pleiotropy, and heterogeneity.ConclusionThis study establishes a causal link between genetically predicted T2DM, FG and an increased risk of PUs. Conversely, Salad/raw vegetable intake is significantly inversely associated with PUs. Simultaneously, we identified two downstream effector factor (FG and FI) that were associated with PUs. These findings may have clinical implications for both prevention and treatment.
Dietary habits, nutritional knowledge, and nutritional status among cardiological patients, including those with obesity and diabetes
Authors: Sapała Anna-Maria , Staśkiewicz-Bartecka Wiktoria , Grochowska-Niedworok Elżbieta , Kardas Marek 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundCardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. The increase in patients with obesity and diabetes raises the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Proper eating habits and adequate nutritional knowledge play a key role in preventing and treating these conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the dietary habits, nutritional knowledge, and nutritional status of patients hospitalized in a cardiology department in Poland, including those with obesity or diabetes.MethodsThe study was conducted at St. Barbara Regional Specialized Hospital No. 5 in Sosnowiec from January to June 2021, involving 301 patients, 154 women (51.2%) and 147 men (48.8%), aged 29 to 87. Participants were assessed for BMI, NRS 2002 scale, morphology, biochemistry results, blood pressure, and examined for nutritional knowledge and habits using proprietary questionnaires. A proprietary scale was used to assess eating habits.ResultsMost cardiology patients were overweight or obese, with 80% exceeding the normal weight range. No significant gender differences were noted in malnutrition risk on the NRS 2002 scale. The study found patients rarely consumed recommended amounts of vegetables, fruits, legumes, whole grains, fish, and dairy products. Only 26.2% regularly ate a second breakfast, and just 9.3% chose water with meals. However, consumption of salty snacks, energy drinks, and alcohol was low. Biochemical and blood test analysis did not show significant differences between patients with diabetes, obesity, and others.ConclusionMost cardiology patients were overweight or obese, which poses a significant risk for further health complications, including cardiovascular diseases. Although patients with diabetes and/or obesity had better nutritional knowledge in some areas, this did not lead to healthier eating habits. The absence of significant differences in biochemical tests suggests that overall lifestyle and diet are crucial to cardiovascular health.
Vitamin D deficiency in non-scarring and scarring alopecias: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yongpisarn Tanat , Tejapira Kasama , Thadanipon Kunlawat , Suchonwanit Poonkiat 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundNumerous studies have linked vitamin D deficiency (VDD) to the pathogenesis of various alopecia disorders.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether patients with alopecia are more likely to have VDD or lower vitamin D levels than controls, and the prevalence of VDD among patients with certain alopecia disorders.MethodsElectronic searches were conducted using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases from the dates of their inception until September 2024. Studies that reported data allowing for the calculation of odds ratios, mean differences, or correlation coefficients related to vitamin D levels and alopecia were included, while studies without a confirmed diagnosis of alopecia or those involving patients taking vitamin D supplements were excluded.ResultsIt was found that 51.94% of patients with alopecia areata (AA), 50.38% of patients with female pattern hair loss (FPHL), 47.38% of patients with male androgenic alopecia (MAGA), 53.51% of patients with telogen effluvium (TE), and 38.85% of patients with primary scarring alopecia had VDD. Compared to controls, AA patients had a pooled odds ratio (OR) of VDD of 2.84 (95% confidence interval: 1.89–4.26, I2 = 84.29%, p &lt; 0.01) and a pooled unstandardized mean difference (UMD) of vitamin D levels of −8.20 (−10.28 – −6.12, I2 = 74.25%, p &lt; 0.01) ng/mL. For FPHL patients, a pooled OR of VDD of 5.24 (1.50–18.33, I2 = 81.65%, p &lt; 0.01) and a pooled UMD of vitamin D levels of −15.67 (−24.55 – −6.79, I2 = 91.60%, p &lt; 0.01) ng/mL were found. However, for MAGA, a pooled VDD OR of 4.42 (0.53–36.61, I2 = 88.40%, p &lt; 0.01), and a pooled UMD of vitamin D levels of −2.19 ng/mL (−4.07 – −0.31 ng/mL, I2 = 7.64%, p = 0.37) were found. For TE patients, pooled UMD of vitamin D levels of −5.71 (−10.10 – −1.32) ng/mL were found.ConclusionPeople with alopecia frequently have VDD; however, only in patients with AA or FPHL was the association of VDD and decreased vitamin D levels statistically significant compared to control. The findings indicate screening for vitamin D could benefit patients with AA or FPHL, potentially addressing vitamin D deficiency. Further study on vitamin D supplementation as a treatment for alopecia is recommended.
Calculation of alpha particle single-event spectra using a neural network
Authors: Alkhani Layth , Luce Jason P. , Mínguez Gabiña Pablo , Roeske John C. 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionA neural network was trained to accurately predict the entire single-event specific energy spectra for use in alpha-particle microdosimetry calculations.MethodsThe network consisted of 4 inputs and 21 outputs and was trained on data calculated using Monte Carlo simulation where input parameters originated both from previously published data as well as randomly generated parameters that fell within a target range. The 4 inputs consisted of the source-target configuration (consisting of both cells in suspension and in tissue-like geometries), alpha particle energy (3.97–8.78 MeV), nuclei radius (2–10 μm), and cell radius (2.5–20 μm). The 21 output values consisted of the maximum specific energy (zmax), and 20 values of the single-event spectra, which were expressed as fractional values of zmax. The neural network consisted of two hidden layers with 10 and 26 nodes, respectively, with the loss function characterized as the mean square error (MSE) between the actual and predicted values for zmax and the spectral outputs. ResultsFor the final network, the root mean square error (RMSE) values of zmax for training, validation and testing were 1.57 x10-2, 1.51 x 10-2 and 1.35 x 10-2, respectively. Similarly, the RMSE values of the spectral outputs were 0.201, 0.175 and 0.199, respectively. The correlation coefficient, R2, was &gt; 0.98 between actual and predicted values from the neural network. DiscussionIn summary, the network was able to accurately reproduce alpha-particle single-event spectra for a wide range of source-target geometries.
The value of adjusted PSAD in prostate cancer detection in the Chinese population
Authors: Wang Fangming , Fu Meng , Tang Yuzhe , Li Jianxing 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of adjusted prostate-specific antigen density (PSADadj) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa).MethodsData from 410 patients who underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy were retrospectively analyzed in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital between November 2014 and March 2024. All patients were divided into PCa and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) groups according to pathological results. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the odd ratios (ORs) of predictors for PCa occurrence. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted, and the area under the curve (AUC) values were used to assess and compare the diagnostic accuracies of total PSA (tPSA), free-to-total (f/t) PSA, free PSA (fPSA), PSAD, and PSADadj (PSAD×weight).ResultsThere were 166 patients in the PCa group and 244 in the BPH group. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that PSAD was positively correlated with the presence of PCa, with the highest OR value among all PSA-related parameters (OR = 19.075, p&lt;0.001). tPSA, fPSAD, PSAD, and PSADadj had high accuracy in predicting PCa, with AUC values of 0.633, 0.730, 0.778, and 0.780. Of note, PSADadj had the highest AUC with a sensitivity of 63.3% and specificity of 81.6%. Similarly, in patients with a PSA level in the gray zone, the diagnostic accuracy of PSADadj in predicting PCa (AUC, 0.709; 95% CI, 0.616–0.802) remained better than other PSA-related markers.ConclusionPSADadj has an advantage over other PSA-related markers in detecting PCa and could be used for making biopsy decisions.
Vasopressin induced hyponatremia in infants <3 months of age in the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Patel Kavita , Thomson Sharon , Vijayan Meera , Makoni Marjorie , Johnson Peter N. , Stephens Katy , Neely Stephen B. , Miller Jamie L. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesVasopressin is used for shock and acute pulmonary hypertension in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and is associated with hyponatremia. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence, severity, contributing risk factors associated with vasopressin-induced hyponatremia in neonates and infants &lt;3 months of age in the NICU. The primary objective was to determine the incidence of hyponatremia (&lt;130 mEq/L) and severe hyponatremia (&lt;125 mEq/L). The secondary objectives were to compare clinical characteristics and the vasopressin regimen between those with and without hyponatremia.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included neonates and infants &lt;3 months from 1/1/2017–12/31/2022 receiving vasopressin for &gt;6 h. Analyses were performed using SAS v9.4, with a priori less than 0.05. A multiple variable logistic regression was employed to assess odds of hyponatremia.ResultsOf the 105 patients included, 57 (54.3%) developed hyponatremia, and 17 (29.8%) were classified as severe hyponatremia. Overall, the median (interquartile range, IQR) gestational and postnatal age at vasopressin initiation were 35.4 (27–38.7) weeks and 2 (1–12) days. There was no difference in vasopressin dose, but duration of treatment was longer in those with hyponatremia. Higher baseline serum sodium was associated with decreased odds of hyponatremia [adjusted odds ratio (OR): 0.90 (95% CI: 0.83–0.99), p = 0.03], and increased vasopressin duration was associated with increased odds of hyponatremia [aOR: 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01–1.03), p &lt; 0.001].ConclusionsHyponatremia occurred in half of patients included. The pre-vasopressin sodium value and the vasopressin duration were independently associated with hyponatremia.