bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of cyst growth in PCK and Wpk rat models of polycystic kidney disease with low doses of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonists
Authors: Flaig Stephanie M. , Gattone Vincent H. , Blazer-Yost Bonnie L. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The studies were designed to test the efficacy of two peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists in two rodent models of polycystic kidney disease (PKD).

Materials and Methods
The PCK rat is a slowly progressing cystic model while the Wpk
-/- rat is a rapidly progressing model. PCK rats were fed with a pharmacological (0.4 mg/kg body weight [BW]) and a sub-pharmacological (0.04 mg/kg BW) dose of rosiglitazone (week 4–28). Wpk
-/- rats were fed with pharmacological (2.0 mg/kg BW) and sub-pharmacologic (0.2 mg/kg BW) doses of pioglitazone from day 5 to 18. At termination, kidney weights of treated versus untreated cystic animals were used to determine efficacy. The current studies were also compared with previous studies containing higher doses of PPARγ agonists. The concentrations used in the animals were calculated with reference to equivalent human doses for both drugs.

Results
The current studies demonstrate: 1) that low, pharmacologically relevant, doses of the PPARγ agonists effectively inhibit cyst growth; 2) there is a class action of the drugs with both commercially available PPARγ agonists, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone, inhibiting cyst growth; 3) the drugs showed efficacy in two different preclinical cystic models. In the PCK rat, animals fed with a sub-pharmacological dose of rosiglitazone for 24 weeks had significantly lower kidney weights than untreated animals (3.68 ± 0.13 g vs. 4.17 ± 0. 11 g, respectively, P < 0.01) while treatment with a pharmacologic dose had no significant effect on kidney weight. The rapidly progressing Wpk
-/- rats were fed with pharmacological and sub-pharmacologic doses of pioglitazone from day 5 to 18 and the kidneys were compared with non-treated, cystic animals. Kidney weights on the pharmacologic dose were not statistically lower than the untreated animals while rats fed a sub-pharmacologic dose showed a significant decrease compared with untreated animals (3.35 ± 0.15 g vs. 4.55 ± 0.46 g, respectively, P = 0.045).

Conclusion
Concentrations of PPARγ agonists below the human equivalent diabetic doses are effective in slowing cyst growth in two rodent models of PKD.
The relation of anthropometric measurements and insulin resistance in patients with polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Esen Bennur , Gokmen Emel Sağlam , Kaya Mahmut , Ozkan Burak , Atay Ahmet Engin 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Objective
To examine the frequency of insulin resistance (IR) and its relation with anthropometric measurements in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD).

Material and Methods
Nonobese 82 patients with ADPKD and 58 age matched healthy controls were enrolled into the study. None of participants were diabetic or receiving renal replacement therapies (RRT). IR was determined by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) formula. Tanita body composition analyzer was used for anthropometric measurements. Creatinine clearance of participant were assessed by the modification of diet in renal diseases (MDRD).

Results
Patients with ADPKD had significantly higher level of urea and creatinine, microalbuminuria, and lower level of MDRD. Body fat distribution and HOMA-IR in both the groups were similar. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure of patients were higher than those of controls.

Conclusion
We failed to determine a higher frequency of IR among patients with ADPKD.
Persistent Homology Analysis of RNA
Authors: Mamuye Adane L. , Rucco Matteo , Tesei Luca , Merelli Emanuela 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Topological data analysis has been recently used to extract meaningful information frombiomolecules.
Here we introduce the application of persistent homology, a topological data analysis tool, for computing
persistent features (loops) of the RNA folding space. The scaffold of the RNA folding space is a complex
graph from which the global features are extracted by completing the graph to a simplicial complex via the
notion of clique and Vietoris-Rips complexes. The resulting simplicial complexes are characterised in terms
of topological invariants, such as the number of holes in any dimension, i.e. Betti numbers. Our approach
discovers persistent structural features, which are the set of smallest components to which the RNA folding
space can be reduced. Thanks to this discovery, which in terms of data mining can be considered as a space
dimension reduction, it is possible to extract a new insight that is crucial for understanding the mechanism
of the RNA folding towards the optimal secondary structure. This structure is composed by the components
discovered during the reduction step of the RNA folding space and is characterized by minimum free energy.
Ultrafast electron and hole transfer in bulk heterojunctions of low-bandgap polymers
Authors: Kozlov Oleg V. , Pavelyev Vlad G. , de Gier Hilde D. , Havenith Remco W. A. , van Loosdrecht Paul H.M. , Hummelen Jan C. , Pshenichnikov Maxim S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn modern bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar
cells, blends of low-bandgap polymer and [70]PCBM acceptor
are used in the active layer. In this combination, the
polymer absorbs photons from the red and near-IR parts
of the solar spectrum, while the blue and near-UV photons
are harvested by [70]PCBM. As a result, both electron
transfer from polymer to [70]PCBM and hole transfer
from [70]PCBM to polymer are of utmost importance
in free charge generation and have to be optimized simultaneously.
Here we study electron and hole transfer
processes in BHJ blends of two low-bandgap polymers,
BTT-DPP and PCPDTBT, by ultrafast photoinduced spectroscopy
(PIA). By tracking the PIA dynamics, we observed
substantially different charge separation pathways
in BHJs of the two polymers with [70]PCBM. From the photoinduced
anisotropy dynamics, we demonstrated that in
the PCPDTBT:[70]PCBM system both electron and hole
transfer processes are highly efficient, while in the BTTBPP:[
70]PCBM electron transfer is blocked due to the unfortunate
energy level alignment leaving hole transfer the
only pathway to free charge generation. Calculations at the
density functional theory level are used to gain more insight
into our findings. The presented results highlight the importance of the energy level alignment on the charge
separation process.
Acoustic trapping in bubble-bounded micro-cavities
Authors: O’Mahoney P. , McDougall C. , Glynne-Jones P. , MacDonald M. P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe present a method for controllably producing longitudinal acoustic trapping sites inside microfluidic channels. Air bubbles are injected into a micro-capillary to create bubble-bounded ‘micro-cavities’. A cavity mode is formed that shows controlled longitudinal acoustic trapping between the two air/water interfaces along with the levitation to the centre of the channel that one would expect from a lower order lateral mode. 7 μm and 10 μm microspheres are trapped at the discrete acoustic trapping sites in these micro-cavities.We show this for several lengths of micro-cavity.
Oxygen Saturation Targets in Preterm Infants and Outcomes at 18–24 Months: A Systematic Review
Authors: Manja Veena , Saugstad Ola D. , Lakshminrusimha Satyan 
Published: December 2016

CONTEXT:
The optimal oxygen saturation target for extremely preterm infants remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:
To systematically review evidence evaluating the effect of lower (85%–89%) versus higher (91%–95%) pulse oxygen saturation (Spo2) target on mortality and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 18 to 24 months.

DATA SOURCES:
Electronic databases and all published randomized trials evaluating lower versus higher Spo2 target in preterm infants.

STUDY SELECTION:
A total of 2896 relevant citations were identified; 5 trials were included in the final analysis.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Data from 5 trials were analyzed for quality of evidence and risk of bias.

LIMITATIONS:
Limitations include heterogeneity in age at enrollment and comorbidities between trials and change in oximeter algorithm midway through 3 trials.

RESULTS:
There was no difference in the incidence of primary outcome (death/NDI at 18–24 months) in the 2 groups; risk ratio,1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.98–1.12, P = .18. Mortality before 18 to 24 months was higher in the lower-target group (risk ratio,1.16, 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.31, P = .02). Rates of NDI and severe visual loss did not differ between the 2 groups. Proportion of time infants spent outside the target range while on supplemental oxygen ranged from 8.2% to 27.4% &lt;85% and 8.1% to 22.4% &gt;95% with significant overlap between the 2 groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
There was no difference in primary outcome between the 2 Spo2 target groups. The collective data suggest that risks associated with restricting the upper Spo2 target limit to 89% outweigh the benefits. The quality of evidence was moderate. We speculate that a wider target range (lower alarm limit, 89% and upper, 96%) may increase time spent within range, but the safety profile of this approach remains to be determined.
Dependência de cuidados de enfermagem de pessoas idosas hospitalizadas: estudo transversal
Authors: Brito Fabiana Medeiros , Fernandes Maria das Graças Melo 
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: utilizando o Sistema de Classificação de Pacientes de Perroca, verificar a dependência de cuidados de enfermagem de pessoas idosas hospitalizadas em uma unidade clínica. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 112 pessoas idosas na unidade clínica de um hospital-escola de João Pessoa/PB. Resultado: constatou-se que a maioria dos idosos avaliados apresentou alto grau de dependência quanto aos cuidados de enfermagem. Apontou-se associação estatisticamente significativa entre o grau de dependência dos idosos e a característica sociodemográfica ocupação. Conclusão: os resultados empíricos obtidos por meio desta pesquisa emergem como aspectos de essencial relevância relacionados à dependência dos idosos hospitalizados em unidades clínicas, assim como o desenvolvimento de outros estudos semelhantes voltados para elucidar tal dependência e corroborar para uma melhor qualidade de vida das pessoas idosas.
Óbitos fetais evitáveis por intervenções do Sistema Único de Saúde: estudo transversal
Authors: Pimentel Dayane da Rocha , Guimarães Aline Luzia Sampaio , Heráclio Isabela de Lucena , De Oliveira Conceição Maria , Do Bonfim Cristine Vieira 
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: Descrever as características epidemiológicas e de assistência à saúde dos óbitos fetais e classificá-los de acordo com a Lista Brasileira de Causas Evitáveis por intervenções do Sistema Único de Saúde. Método: Estudo transversal realizado no Recife (PE) no ano de 2014, cujas fontes de dados serão as fichas de investigação da Vigilância do Óbito Infantil e Fetal e o Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade. A causa básica será analisada e classificada conforme a Lista Brasileira de Causas Evitáveis. O teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson será empregado para avaliar associação entre a evitabilidade dos óbitos fetais segundo faixa de peso. Resultados esperados: Pretende-se detectar as circunstâncias e fatores de evitabilidade da mortalidade fetal, além de fornecer subsídios para a discussão e planejamento de questões relacionadas à qualificação dos processos assistenciais em saúde.
Humanização da atenção pré-natal na ótica de gestantes: um estudo descritivo
Authors: Timm Marcella Simões , Prates Lisie Alende , Oliveira Gabriela , Cremonese Luiza , Possati Andrêssa Batista , Ressel Lúcia Beatriz 
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: conhecer o significado da humanização na atenção pré-natal para as gestantes. Método: estudo qualitativo, do tipo descritivo, que será desenvolvido com gestantes em acompanhamento pré-natal, vinculadas a serviços da Atenção Básica de um município do Sul do Brasil. Para a produção dos dados, será utilizada a técnica de criatividade e sensibilidade denominada Almanaque, associada à entrevista individual semiestruturada. A análise terá como referência a proposta operativa. Resultados esperados: produzir maior conhecimento acerca da temática e fomentar discussões e reflexões que possibilitem a qualificação do cuidado pré-natal, além de fornecer subsídios para que os profissionais de saúde sejam agentes de mudança na realidade da humanização no pré-natal.
Percepção existencial das pessoas que vivem com úlceras venosas crônicas: estudo fenomenológico
Authors: Joaquim Fabiana Lopes , Silva Rose Mary Costa Rosa Andrade , Pereira Eliane Ramos 
Published: December 2016

Objetivos: compreender como as pessoas que vivem com úlceras venosas percebem sua existência frente às lesões das úlceras venosas; descrever e analisar, à luz da fenomenologia de Merleau-Ponty, como essas pessoas compreendem a própria existência. Método: estudo de abordagem qualitativa do tipo fenomenologia descritiva. Cenário: ambulatório de Reparo de Feridas do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, localizado em Niterói/RJ. Participantes: adultos e idosos que vivem com úlceras venosas crônicas em tratamento ambulatorial. Para a coleta de dados serão utilizados o Protocolo I B - Adaptado - Avaliação de clientes com úlceras venosas (registrado na PROAP/UFF); o roteiro da entrevista fenomenológica e registro das expressões relacionadas à narratividade do corpo. Os dados serão tratados por meio da proposta metodológica de Amedeo Giorgi e receberão análise de discurso segundo o referencial de Merleau-Ponty.
Aplicações práticas da sociopoética no cuidado em saúde: uma visão contemporânea
Authors: Gauthier Jacques Henri Maurice 
Published: December 2016

A sociopoética define um campo de pesquisa e atuação na área de saúde e outras. Numa visão do ser integrado (em si próprio, integrando forças e fraquezas, e holisticamente, no ambiente humano e não humano), o dispositivo de Grupo-pesquisador inspirado em Paulo Freire e na Análise Institucional (e nos Grupos operativos etc.) favorece o “trabalho” entre sombra e luz, entre opressão e libertação, pela profunda solidariedade e responsabilidade dos integrantes no decorrer do processo de conhecer, cuidar e aprender. O Grupo-pesquisador é o dono da pesquisa, do cuidado e da aprendizagem, em dialogicidade com a instituição que nos acolhe, a qual tem direito de exigir retornos pela sua disponibilidade. Mas ele é ainda mais que isso: ele é um Pensador, um Filósofo coletivo, um Coletivo inteligente percorrido de afetos pré-individuais e supra-individuais rizomatizando em ambientes ampliados, conquistando sem prender, recebendo sem depender.
Miokinezyterapia jako forma rehabilitacji w ortopedii szczękowej
Authors: Gębska Magdalena , Wojciechowska Alina , Weber‑Nowakowska Katarzyna , Mikołajczyk Anna , Żyżniewska‑Banaszak Ewelina 
Published: December 2016

W okresie wczesnego dzieciństwa narząd żucia może być podatny na działanie szkodliwych czynników zewnątrz‑ i wewnątrzpochodnych. Nieleczone odchylenia czynnościowo‑morfologiczne z tego okresu sprzyjają pojawieniu się zaburzeń w późnym dzieciństwie. Miokinezyterapia to zespół ćwiczeń, które obejmują mięśnie mimiczne i narząd żucia oraz mają na celu leczenie lub zapo‑ bieganie wystąpieniu wad zgryzu.
Laboratory Analysis of Several Solvent Systems to Dissolve Wellbore Organic Deposits
Authors: Al-Hajri Nasser M. , Taq Ali A. , AlAjmi Mohammed D. , Al-Ghamdi Abdullah A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper will present a laboratory experimental work to examine the performance of a plurality of a solvent systems to dissolve wellbore organic deposits. Wellbore organic deposition has adverse effects on a petroleum well production or injection capability. The case study of the paper is a water injector, completed near a tar mat formation to provide pressure maintenance. The injector was identified with a wellbore obstruction. Samples from the obstructing material were analyzed in the laboratory using solvent extraction and infared spectroscopy. The downhole sample was found to be comprising 25 wt. % asphaltene and 75 wt. % maltene. The maltene was present in the form of saturates representing 32 wt. % of the sample and aromatics and resins representing 43 wt. % of the sample.
The wellbore sample was subjected to a range of solubility tests at a selected downhole temperature. The tests were conducted at static conditions; without agitation. Several solvent systems were evaluated as follows:
Xylene in diesel was used with 5 vol % mutual solvent. This system was examined at different xylene concentrations ranging from 10 to 30 vol %. A solvent system containing n-methylpyrrolidone, diesel, surfactant, and an aromatic solvent. A solvent system containing a chemical solvent, mutual solvent and diesel. This system was examined at different chemical solvent concentrations ranging from 10 to 30 vol %. An emulsified solvent system comprising n-methylpyrrolidone, fresh water, emulsifier, and an aromatic solvent
All solubility tests were monitored as a function of the soaking time required to dissolve the organic deposits.
The results of this lab work showed that several solvent systems are able to dissolve the wellbore organic deposits at varying solubility performances. Factors such as chemical handling and cost were considered to select the proper solvent treatment system for field application.
Origin of Cement, Diagenesis and its Role in Fluid distribution in Shallow Heavy Oil Unconventional Reservoir in Kuwait
Authors: Choudhary Pradeep Kumar , Al-Rashdan Saad , Ferdous Hasan , Saikia Pabitra , Ahmed Khalid , Ahmad Fatma 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
A shallow unconventional heavy oil reservoir in Kuwait is primarily an unconsolidated sandstone reservoir with intervening cemented siltstone and sandstone, and thin shale layers. The process and relative timing of cementation in the reservoir played a key role in fluid distribution as the pore-filling cements originated prior to oil migration. Moreover, oil migration into the cemented zones was prevented by the presence of cement.
This paper presents a study based on over 100 logs and 10 conventional cores in north of the reservoir. Detailed core analysis including petrography, XRD and SEM studies were considered understand the origin of cement, diagenesis and role in fluid distribution.
In terms of origin and diagenesis, three types of cements were identified namely Calcite, Dolomite, and Argillaceous. Calcite and Dolomitic cements are admixture of calcium carbonate and calcium-magnesium carbonate with argillaceous components. Argillaceous cement is dominated by illite-montmorillonite and palygorskite with minor amount of kaolinite and chlorite. Argillaceous one primarily originated from feldspar, calcite from meteoric water rich in dissolved calcium (gypsum) and Dolomite as replacement of precursor calcite.
Cement plays different roles in fluid distribution. Argillaceous cements cause pore-throat blockage due to presence of illite and palygorskite that form filamentous-fibrous aggregates. Cemented layers act as baffles in between oil layers capable of producing significant amount of trapped water in low pressure regime as they have significant amount of porosity and permeability. Finally cement layers hold water due to high capillary pressure and act as "water above oil" behaving as thief zone during thermal steam operation.
Understanding origin of cement, diagenesis and its role in fluid distribution assist in evaluation of the layered nature of this complex fluid distribution pattern reservoir. Finally, integration of depositional environment, lithofacies, and cement distribution greatly enhance the assessment of lateral extension and characterization of these type of reservoirs.
Integrated Geophysical Reservoir Monitoring for Heavy Oil
Authors: Passalacqua H. , Strack K. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Heavy oil (HO) is often produced with Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) methods such as steam or water flooding. In addition to flood front movements reservoir seal integrity has become an issue. Seal integrity is best addressed with microseismics and water flood front bets with electromagnetics. We address the fluid imaging problem using electromagnetics and after careful 3D feasibility and noise tests. We selected Controlled Source Electromagnetics (CSEM) in the time domain as the most sensitive method. From the 3D modeling we derived as key requirement that borehole and surface data needed to be integrated by measuring between surface to borehole and also calibrated using conventional logs.
Depending on the resistivity contrasts between the reservoir and the surrounding formation we need to measure electric AND magnetic fields as each of them have different sensitivity. The magnetic field senses more conductive strata, while the electric field will define fluid changes inside the HO reservoir. Furthermore, for shallow reservoir multi-frequency band sensors need to be deployed to get the optimum sensitivity.
Over the last decades we carried out 3D feasibilities for many oil fields and we are presently conducting the FIRST steam flood Pilot in an oil field in Asia. We also design custom data acquisition system for land, marine and borehole. Carrying out a Feasibility for each reservoir is key to control risk and cost. 3D modeling allows to integrate complex nature of the reservoir by constraining the model with existing seismic data. In all hydrocarbon cases it shows the need for full tensor CSEM, surface and borehole measurements to effectively determine the HO/steam flood front.
Pore Scale Representation of Near Wellbore Damage due to Asphaltene Deposition: Effect of Sand Grain Size and the Presence of Clay in Reservoir Rock
Authors: Prakoso Andreas , Punase Abhishek , Hascakir Berna 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The near wellbore damage due to asphaltenes deposition is one of the major flow assurance issues currently faced by the petroleum industry. This study examines the pore scale flocculation and deposition processes of asphaltenes onto rock matrices. The effect of sand-grain size, clay presence in the reservoir rock, crude oil type, and precipitated asphaltenes type on the depositional behavior of asphaltenes is investigated. The porous media is prepared using sands with two different grain sizes or using sand-clay mixtures. Reservoir rocks were fully saturated with two different oil samples. 8 samples was prepared and they were washed by using either n-pentane or n-heptane, which are known as asphaltene insoluble solvents. In total, 16 experimental samples washed with solvents were subjected to optical microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) – Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analyses to assess the asphaltene depositional mechanism. For all cases, porosity variations were measured experimentally. Our results suggest that asphaltene-clay interaction can increase the near-wellbore damage due to the strong polar ends in asphaltenes which are attached to clay surfaces and/or asphaltenes that are stuck in clay layers. Porosity of the sand has been found to decrease after the injection of solvents, indicating pore blockage due to asphaltene deposition. While the n-pentane precipitated more asphaltenes than n-heptane, n-heptane asphaltenes occupied more volume and resulted in higher porosity reduction due to higher polarity of n-heptane asphaltenes than n-pentane asphaltenes. Furthermore, the presence of clays and non-uniformity of grain sizes are observed to aggravate formation damage by asphaltenes. The SEM images showed that the interaction of clays with asphaltenes mainly reduces the permeability rather than porosity. The EDS analyses indicate that the impurity content of asphaltenes affect mainly the interaction of asphaltenes and clays.