bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Effect of Oral Hygiene Instructions on Maintenance of Gingival Health
Authors: Nayak Sangeeta U , Pralhad Swati 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
Tooth brushing is the most widespread means of controlling plaque at home. Research on instruction techniques for promotion of oral health abilities plays an important role in the prevention of periodontal diseases. Thus the aim of the present study was to compare the effect of written and oral individualized instructions of oral hygiene on gingivitis in an adult population.

Materials and methods
Sixty participants above the age of 18 years were included in the study. They were randomly allocated into one of the three groups: Oral instructions, written instructions, and oral individualized instructions. For all the participants, plaque and gingival indices were recorded using periodontal probe with Williams's markings and a mouth mirror, at baseline, at the end of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd week.

Results
Plaque and gingival index scores reduced in all the groups. However, it was seen that plaque index significantly reduced in the group receiving individualized instructions.

Conclusion
In view of the results of the present study, it can be implied that oral hygiene instructions should be provided, and they should be tailormade for each individual that would help correct the individual deficits in the learners.

How to cite this article
Nayak SU, Pralhad S. Evaluation of the Effect of Oral Hygiene Instructions on Maintenance of Gingival Health. World J Dent 2016;7(3):123-125.
Odontometrics: A Key to Gender Determination
Authors: Reddy Sudhakara , Dalli Divya Teja , Dathar Sahithi , Nallakunta Rajesh , Madugula Preethi , Darna Geetanjali 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionIdentification of an individual is a prerequisite for certification of death and for personal, social, and legal reasons. Sex determination is one of the important parameters in forensic identification. Tooth being strongest component can resist bacterial decomposition and fire when rest of the body is damaged beyond recognition. Sexual dimorphism refers to the systemic difference in the form between individuals of different sexes within the same species. Teeth of various species are known to exhibit sexual dimorphism. The present study aims to evaluate the linear dimensions of permanent molars and canines for sex determination and to estimate their level of accuracy.Materials and methodsSixty subjects were included in the study. Study casts were prepared and the dimensions of permanent canines and first permanent molars were measured as the greatest distance between the buccal and lingual surface as well as mesial and distal aspects of the crown by using digital vernier callipers.ResultsDiscriminant function analysis had shown that males have greater mean mesio-distal (MD) and bucco lingual (BL)/ labio-lingual (LL) dimensions for each tooth in comparison to females. Right upper canine showed the maximum accuracy followed by right lower and left upper canines. Out of four molars, right lower molar showed maximum accuracy of 86.7%.ConclusionThe present study showed the importance of linear dimensions of canines and molars in the assessment of sex and molars can be used as an alternative to canines when their evidence is missing in forensic investigations.How to cite this articleDalli DT, Reddy S, Dathar S, Nallakunta R, Madugula P, Darna G. Odontometrics: A Key to Gender Determination. World J Dent 2016;7(3):150-154.
Management of Failed Long-span Single-piece Fixed Prosthesis with Metal—Ceramic Crowns and Cantilever Bridge with Predictable Esthetic Outcome
Authors: George Vinu T 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Although there have been a lot of advances in the field of esthetic and cosmetic restorative dentistry, metal—ceramic restorations stand apart in the race to achieve superior esthetics with its strong points of strength and accuracy of cast metal and esthetics of porcelain. To achieve superior esthetic restorations operators are compelled to narrow down their search to all ceramic restorations which are highly expensive. At most times, its use is not rightly justified. A case of a 53-year-old female patient, who reported to the Department of Prosthodontics and Crown 8 Bridge, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, is presented here where simple and economic restorative techniques and principles are undertaken to achieve predicable esthetic results.

How to cite this article
George VT. Management of Failed Long-span Single-piece Fixed Prosthesis with Metal—Ceramic Crowns and Cantilever Bridge with Predictable Esthetic Outcome. World J Dent 2016;7(3):162-166.
Somatic Mutation Theory/Tissue Organization Field Theory: Has the Premise been Wrong All along?
Authors: Anand Rahul 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

How to cite this article
Sarode SC, Anand R, Sarode GS, Patil S. Somatic Mutation Theory/Tissue Organization Field Theory: Has the Premise been Wrong All along? World J Dent 2016;7(4):167-168.
Bond Strength of Zirconia to Different Core Materials
Authors: Torres Carlos Rocha Gomes , Pucci César R , Borges Alessandra B , Frattes Fabiana C , de Oliveira JB Sorte 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Since bonding to zirconia is still questionable, the aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength of yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) to different materials used to manufacture dental cores, employing a universal self-etching adhesive system.

Materials and methods
Cylinders obtained from blocks of Y-TZP Zirconia were sintered in a high-temperature oven. The surfaces to be bonded were blasted with aluminum oxide, then silica-coated aluminum oxide, and finally cleaned in ultrasonic bath. The specimens were divided into six groups according to the core material tested: Silver alloy (Ag/Sn/Cu, Tecnofix), copper alloy (Cu/Ni/Zn, Goldent LA), core buildup resin (Rebilda DC — VOCO), Y-TZP zirconia (IPS e.max ZirCAD, Ivoclar Vivandent), enamel, and dentin. The zirconia cylinders were bonded to the core substrates using the Futurabond U adhesive system (VOCO) and resinous cement (Bifix QM — VOCO). The specimens were shear tested in a universal testing machine at 1 mm/ min. Data was analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's test.

Results
Bond strength in MPa (±SD) for the different materials tested were dentin: (12.80 ± 3.18)a; enamel: (15.13 ± 3.09) ab; resin: (17.20 ± 4.67)ab; copper alloy: (18.93 ± 4.66)bc; silver alloy: (22.86 ± 5.47)c; and zirconia: (23.65 ± 3.64)c. Groups followed by the same letters are not significantly different at p < 0.05.

Conclusion
The metallic alloys and zirconia core materials showed significantly higher bond strength than those obtained directly on dentin. The core buildup resin bond strength to zirconia is similar to that obtained with enamel and dentin.

How to cite this article
Frattes FC, de Oliveira JBS, Pucci CR, Borges AB, Torres CRG. Bond Strength of Zirconia to Different Core Materials. World J Dent 2016;7(4):169-174.
Effect of Preoperative Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen on Orthodontic Pain
Authors: Moradinejad Mehrnaz , Jafari Sanaz , Kazemi Parisa , Jafari Farnaz 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Pain in dentistry is a common problem which dentists think about it. Controlling the pain in dentistry is crucial. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetaminophen are used worldwide for suppressing pain and inflammation. The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of preoperative ibuprofen and acetaminophen therapy on orthodontic pain with a different method.

Materials and methods
Samples were divided into two groups: Group I (they received placebo in first level, acetaminophen at second level, and ibuprofen at third level), group II (they received placebo in first level, ibuprofen at second level, and acetaminophen at third level). All drugs were administered single dose before treatment and the researcher put 1 month gap between levels. After using each drugs in each level, the amount of pain was measured by using a questionnaire based on several activities (chewing, in time of contacting teeth, and noncontacting) with visual analog scale (VAS) in multiple times.

Results
Placebo, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen have significant effect on suppressing pain before starting treatment, during chewing, in time of contacting teeth, and noncontacting (p = 0.000). Although the pain process in this study was ascendant, ibuprofen and acetaminophen were unable to reduce pain significantly in comparison to placebo.

Conclusion
Pain process was ascendant and the mentioned drugs were unable to reduce the pain by passing time. We could not reduce the pain process gradient by this drug dose. So, by increasing the dose, we wish to reduce orthodontic pain

How to cite this article
Moradinejad M, Jafari S, Kazemi P, Jafari F. Effect of Preoperative Ibuprofen and Acetaminophen on Orthodontic Pain. World J Dent 2016;7(4):182-185.
Biomonitoring of Buccal Mucosa Cells in Chronic Smokers and Nonsmokers
Authors: Taneja Neeraj , Sarpal Ruhi S , Shergill Navdeep K , Ravindra SV 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Despite the well-known presence of carcinogens in tobacco smoke, results in the scientific literature linking smoking habits to micronuclei frequency are rather controversial.

Aim
The study was conducted to compare and evaluate the frequency of micronuclei in chronic smokers and nonsmokers in relation to habit history, personal history, and other related factors like occupation, exposure to radiation, etc.

Materials and methods
A total of 50 randomly selected male subjects were included in the study. Case and control groups (smokers and nonsmokers respectively) comprised 25 subjects each (mean age in controls = 38.24 ± 2.7; mean age in smokers = 39.32 ± 3.8).

Results and conclusion
There was a significant relation between tobacco consumption and frequency of micronucleated cells (p = 0.05) and between radiation exposure and presence of micronuclei (p = 0.05) in controls and subjects. Within the smokers group, left cheek scrapings showed higher count (p = 0.05; significant) for the micronucleated cells as compared with right cheek scrapings.

Clinical significance
In this study, an attempt was made to estimate the cytogenetic damage in oral mucosa in people habituated to smoking beedi. Though tobacco plays an important role in micronuclei generation, other factors like ionizing radiation and personal habits also contribute to micronuclei frequency. Site of smear, sample size, nuclear specific stain usage are some of the contributing factors. In addition, cytogenetic alterations like karyolysis, pyknosis, etc., can be included in future studies to increase the specificity.

How to cite this article
Sarpal RS, Taneja N, Shergill NK, Ravindra SV. Biomonitoring of Buccal Mucosa Cells in Chronic Smokers and Nonsmokers. World J Dent 2016;7(4):189-194.
Double Papilla Graft with Amnion Membrane for Root Coverage of Isolated Recession
Authors: Srivastava Ruchi , Siddiqui Zeba R , Jhingran Rajesh , Bains Vivek K 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Gingival recession is one of the most common soft tissue problems, especially when it hinders the esthetics of a patient. Gingival recession can further lead to root caries, sensitivity, and difficulty in plaque control. Moreover, exposed roots are prone to abrasion and erosion. Periodontal plastic surgery is one of the emerging fields, which helps to meet such soft tissue problems. Currently, a variety of techniques are being used for root coverage, like pedicle grafts, coronally advanced flap, free mucosal graft, epithelial connective tissue graft, guided tissue regeneration, and acellular dermal matrix. This article highlights a case that was successfully managed by double papilla graft technique in combination with amnion membrane for root coverage of Miller class II recession defect in the mandibular canine region. In this technique, the soft tissues adjacent to the recession area were positioned over the recession defect. The main advantage of this technique is that the flap remains attached at its base so that it retains its own blood supply during transfer to a new position. It also preserves the interdental papilla, thus preserving the gingival height. As an alternative to the epithelial connective tissue graft, amnion membrane has the advantage of no invasive palatal wound, regenerative potential, and improved esthetic results. This procedure is highly sensitive and had predictable results, with a clinically significant amount of root coverage.

How to cite this article
Srivastava R, Siddiqui ZR, Jhingran R, Bains VK. Double Papilla Graft with Amnion Membrane for Root Coverage of Isolated Recession. World J Dent 2016;7(4):213-216.
Effects of urban agglomeration on surface-UV doses: a comparison of Brewer
measurements in Warsaw and Belsk, Poland, for the period 2013–2015
Authors: Czerwińska Agnieszka E. , Krzyścin Janusz W. , Jarosławski Janusz , Posyniak Michał 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Specific aerosols and cloud properties over large urban regions seem to generate an island, similar to the well-known urban heat island, leading to lower ultraviolet (UV) radiation intensity compared to the surrounding less polluted areas, thus creating a shield against excessive human exposure to UV radiation. The present study focuses on differences between erythemal and UVA (324 nm) doses measured by the Brewer spectrophotometers in Warsaw (52.3° N, 21.0° E) and Belsk (51.8° N, 20.8° E). The latter is a rural region located about 60 km south-west of the city. Ratios between erythemal and UVA partly daily doses, obtained during all-sky and cloudless-sky conditions for the period May 2013–December 2015, were analysed to infer a specific cloud and aerosol forcing on the surface UV doses over Warsaw. Radiative model simulations were carried out to find sources of the observed differences between the sites. It was found that Warsaw urban agglomeration induced 8 and 6 % attenuation of the erythemal and UVA doses respectively. This is mostly due to the lower sun elevation in Warsaw during the near-noon measurements and the larger optical depth of the city aerosols and increased cloudiness. It could be hypothesised that the expected stronger absorption of the solar UV radiation by urban aerosols is compensated for here by a higher surface reflectivity over the city.
Poly-Paper: A Sustainable Material for Packaging, Based on Recycled Paper and Recyclable with Paper
Authors: Del Curto Barbara , Barelli Nadia , Profaizer Mauro , Farè Silvia , Tanzi Maria Cristina , Cigada Alberto , Ognibene Giulia , Recca Giuseppe , Cicala Gianluca 
Published: November 2016

Background Until now, environmental sustainability issues are almost entirely unsolved for packaging materials. With the final aim of finding materials with a single recycling channel, cellulose fiber/poly(vinyl)alcohol composites were investigated. Methods After extrusion and injection molding, samples of composite with different cellulose fiber content (30%, 50% and 70% w/w) were tested. Results Tensile mechanical tests exhibited an improvement in composite stiffness when the reinforcement content was increased together with a decrease in composite elongation. Solubility tests performed at room temperature and 45°C showed different behavior depending on the water-resistant film applied on the composite (50% cellulose fiber content). In particular, the uncoated composite showed complete solubility after 2 hours, whereas at the same time point, no solubility occurred when a non-water-soluble varnish was used. Conclusions The proposed composites, named Poly-paper, appear to warrant further investigation as highly sustainable packaging.
The Specter of Landscape: The Postcolonial Gothic, Preternatural, and Aboriginal Spiritual in Alexis Wright's Plains of Promise
Authors: Bartha Kathrin 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
This article examines the use of preternatural landscapes within the Australian novel Plains of Promise (1997) by the Aboriginal author Alexis Wright, exploring her themes of memory, reconciliation, and connection to “place.” The novel is concerned with the traumas of three generations of Aboriginal women who have been forcibly separated and displaced from their traditional homeland. There is a sense in which haunted and “sacred” country coincide, and at times, uncanny nature is able to empower the dispossessed via its role of witness. Rather than a relationship to country being represented as a special spiritual capacity of Aboriginal people, however, connection to place is productively utopian. Discussing the uses and limits of such labels as the “Postcolonial Gothic” and considering the preternatural's role, I argue that the novel provides a space for the unknown as Wright portrays the freedom to maintain difference as a kind of resistance to colonialism.
Grotesque Gaming: The Monstrous in Online Worlds
Authors: Geraci Robert M. , Recine Nat , Fox Samantha 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Videogames and virtual worlds that provoke dread and horror have grown in popularity throughout the twenty-first century. Based on the online games Requiem: Memento Mori and DayZ, this article shows how players relish such dread and enjoy landscapes of the monstrous and the grotesque in order to engage with and tentatively conquer inner fears and anxieties. As such, the game worlds continue the age-old work of horror—to exorcise one's inner fears and demons—but do so with the viscerality that is the hallmark of gaming. Using theoretical analysis, “textual” interpretation, and empirical data garnered through interviews and surveys, we show that Requiem and DayZ produce cathartic experiences associated with long traditions of popular and religious approaches to human fear and sin. It is this visceral engagement with the horrific and monstrous that connects the games and their environments to long-standing folk traditions in pop culture.
A specific role for serotonin in overcoming effort cost
Authors: Meyniel Florent , Goodwin Guy M , Deakin JF William , Klinge Corinna , MacFadyen Christine , Milligan Holly , Mullings Emma , Pessiglione Mathias , Gaillard Raphaël 
Published: November 2016

Serotonin is implicated in many aspects of behavioral regulation. Theoretical attempts to unify the multiple roles assigned to serotonin proposed that it regulates the impact of costs, such as delay or punishment, on action selection. Here, we show that serotonin also regulates other types of action costs such as effort. We compared behavioral performance in 58 healthy humans treated during 8 weeks with either placebo or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram. The task involved trading handgrip force production against monetary benefits. Participants in the escitalopram group produced more effort and thereby achieved a higher payoff. Crucially, our computational analysis showed that this effect was underpinned by a specific reduction of effort cost, and not by any change in the weight of monetary incentives. This specific computational effect sheds new light on the physiological role of serotonin in behavioral regulation and on the clinical effect of drugs for depression.Clinical trial Registration: ISRCTN75872983
Alterations to the middle cerebral artery of the hypertensive-arthritic rat model potentiates intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Randell Amy , Chokshi Killol , Kane Brittany , Chang Hilary , Naiel Safaa , Dickhout Jeffrey G. , Daneshtalab Noriko 
Published: November 2016

Aims
We have recently created an age-dependent hypertensive-mono-arthritic animal model from the stroke-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rat to model populations with autoimmune disease who are hypertensive and are prone to stroke. The model exhibits signs of hemorrhagic stroke (HS) subsequent to chronic inflammation and hypertension. HS is also associated with the inability of middle cerebral arteries to undergo pressure dependent constriction (PDC). We investigated alterations in the cerebrovasculature of our hypertensive mono-arthritic animals that develop stroke.

Main Methods
Animals were fed either a high salt diet (HSD) (4% NaCl) or Purina chow (0.58% NaCl) from weaning. Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) was injected into the left hind paw at 21–28 weeks; controls received saline and histological and functional studies were performed.

Results
Brain damage was more prominent with the high salt, with inflammation exacerbating the damage. High salt alone significantly decreased middle cerebral artery’s (MCA’s) ability to undergo PDC. Inflammation significantly decreased the ability of cerebrovasculature to respond to pressure step in the regular salt diet. The responses to vasoactive peptides were also significantly attenuated in both inflamed groups regardless of diet.

Conclusion
Induction of chronic systemic inflammation increases brain damage, and affect the MCA’s vasogenic function, decreasing its ability to respond to intraluminal pressure. HSD further exacerbates organ damage associated with chronic inflammation, further compromising cerebrovascular function, and likely increasing the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage and injury.
Foliar fungal communities strongly differ between habitat patches in a landscape mosaic
Authors: Fort Thomas , Robin Cécile , Capdevielle Xavier , Delière Laurent , Vacher Corinne 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundDispersal events between habitat patches in a landscape mosaic can structure ecological communities and influence the functioning of agrosystems. Here we investigated whether short-distance dispersal events between vineyard and forest patches shape foliar fungal communities. We hypothesized that these communities homogenize between habitats over the course of the growing season, particularly along habitat edges, because of aerial dispersal of spores.MethodsWe monitored the richness and composition of foliar and airborne fungal communities over the season, along transects perpendicular to edges between vineyard and forest patches, using Illumina sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region.ResultsIn contrast to our expectation, foliar fungal communities in vineyards and forest patches increasingly differentiate over the growing season, even along habitat edges. Moreover, the richness of foliar fungal communities in grapevine drastically decreased over the growing season, in contrast to that of forest trees. The composition of airborne communities did not differ between habitats. The composition of oak foliar fungal communities change between forest edge and centre.DiscussionThese results suggest that dispersal events between habitat patches are not major drivers of foliar fungal communities at the landscape scale. Selective pressures exerted in each habitat by the host plant, the microclimate and the agricultural practices play a greater role, and might account for the differentiation of foliar fugal communities between habitats.