bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simple Method of Screening for Frailty in Older Adults Using a Chronometer and Tape Measure in Clinic
Authors: Jung Hee‐Won , Kang Min‐Gu , Choi Jung‐Yeon , Yoon Sol‐Ji , Kim Sun‐wook , Kim Kwang‐il , Kim Cheol‐Ho 
Published: January 2018

ObjectivesDetecting frailty in older adults scheduled for surgery is important to predict the occurrence of adverse outcomes, but because of its complexity, frailty screening is not commonly performed. The objective of the current study was to assess whether frailty can be screened for using automatically measured usual gait speed (UGS) and mid‐arm circumference (MAC) in the outpatient clinic.DesignProspective, cross‐sectional study.SettingGeriatric center of a tertiary hospital.ParticipantsOutpatients aged 65 and older (N = 113).MeasurementsFrailty status was evaluated according to a multidimensional frailty score (MFS) using a comprehensive geriatric assessment, and participants were classified into 5 categories. UGS was evaluated by having participants walk through the clinic using an automated laser‐gated chronometer. MAC was recorded using a tape measure on a blood pressure cuff. Correlations between these two physical measurements and MFS were assessed.ResultsThe mean age of the 93 participants who successfully underwent UGS evaluation was 75.8 ± 4.7; 35 were male. In this population, the mean Charlson Comorbidity Index was 2.2 ± 1.4, mean MFS was 4.1 ± 2.0, and 20 participants were considered to be at high risk of experiencing adverse outcomes. Mean UGS was 0.75 ± 0.16 m/s, and mean MAC was 31.2 ± 1.9 cm); both physical parameters were correlated with MFS (UGS: standardized beta = −0.420, P < .001; MAC: standardized beta = −0.457, P < .001). Using UGS and MFS, the area under curve of receiver operating curve for determining which participants were at high risk of experiencing adverse outcomes was 0.809 (P < .001).ConclusionUGS and MAC are viable methods of clinically screening for frailty.
Arabidopsis PWWP domain proteins mediate H3K27 trimethylation on FLC and regulate flowering time
Authors: Zhou Jin‐Xing , Liu Zhang‐Wei , Li Yong‐Qiang , Li Lin , Wang Bangjun , Chen She , He Xin‐Jian 
Published: January 2018

SummaryLHP1 mediates recruitment of the PRC2 histone methyltransferase complex to chromatin and thereby facilitates maintenance of H3K27me3 on FLC, a key flowering repressor gene. Here, we report that the PWWP domain proteins (PDPs) interact with FVE and MSI5 to suppress FLC expression and thereby promote flowering. We demonstrated that FVE, MSI5, and PDP3 were co‐purified with LHP1. The H3K27me3 level on FLC was decreased in the pdp mutants as well as in the fve/msi5 double mutant. This study suggests that PDPs function together with FVE and MSI5 to regulate the function of the PRC2 complex on FLC.
Current Literature Review of Registered Nurses’ Competency in the Global Community
Authors: Liu Ying , Aungsuroch Yupin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeIn order to enhance international standards of nursing service, this article aims to analyze the English full‐text peer‐reviewed published articles from the past 10 years that describe contemporary registered nurses’ (RNs’) competency in the global community.DesignAn integrative review of literature was conducted between June 2016 and January 2017.MethodsA systematic search was completed using four databases (Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) that covered the years between 2007 and 2017, and used the key words nurs* OR (staff nurs*) OR (register nurs*) AND competenc* AND international OR global. Ultimately, 32 studies meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for analysis.FindingsNursing competency trended towards definitions using a holistic lens and behavior statements reflecting the skills, knowledge, attitudes, and judgment required for effective performance in the nursing profession. By using inductive content analysis, 11 components emerged. Additionally, six instruments were found to measure generalist RNs’ competencies across countries. The variables related to generalist nursing competency included sociodemographic variables, professional‐related variables, and work environment variables.ConclusionsThis review provides the research evidence for updating definitions, components, measurements, and variables related to RNs’ competency in the global community. Further research should consider cross‐cultural validation of instruments and influencing factors related to nursing competency.Clinical RelevanceThe components and measurements identified in this review can be used by nursing administrators to select or evaluate qualified nurses. The multivariables related to nursing competency can assistant hospital administrators to recognize and find effective ways to improve nursing competency.
Integrative Review of the Intersection of Green Space and Neighborhood Violence
Authors: Mancus Gibran C. , Campbell Jacquelyn 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeTo systematically analyze evidence about the impact of green space on the perception and actual safety of residents of urban neighborhoods.Design and Organizing ConstructSystematic review of green space and violence based on Broome review criteria.MethodsOne landmark study prompted the initial hand search and identification of search terms. Twenty‐three quantitative, five qualitative, and two mixed‐methods studies were found in the urban planning, public health, medical, and psychological literature that met the following criteria: analyzed green space and violence as factors in the perception of safety as an outcome measure, including action taken by being outside for recreation, exercise, or self‐report in the survey.FindingsFindings were inconsistent regarding the direct relationship between perception of safety and green space when using recreation and exercise as a proxy for perception of safety. Findings regarding perception of safety in surveys were limited but indicated a positive correlation with green space. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the perception of safety is supported by quality, accessibility, and aesthetic dimensions of neighborhood green space, and the perception of safety is often unrelated to actual crime rates.ConclusionsThe science for understanding mechanisms between green space and violence as part of environmental health has been insufficiently developed and requires further study. Environmental health, including green space, is central to health promotion, and understanding is key to preventing the epidemic of violence.Clinical RelevanceThis article provides a summary of research related to green space, violence in communities, perception of safety, and violent crime in those communities. It identifies gaps in our knowledge where future research is needed. Nurses have the opportunity to lead the development, implementation, and evaluation of evidence‐based interventions and policies addressing the inequality of quality and quantity of green space in the built and natural environment and related co‐benefits.
Polycaprolactone facial volume restoration of a 46‐year‐old Asian women: A case report
Authors: Lin Shang‐Li 
Published: January 2018

SummaryA 46‐year‐old Asian women was treated with a next‐generation bioresorbable biostimulatory polycaprolactone (PCL)‐based dermal filler to restore facial volume loss. Before‐ and after (12 weeks of follow‐up)‐treatment photographs were analyzed and compared. In addition, before‐ and after‐treatment contour images were recorded using the Vectra®XT 3D imaging system (Canfield Scientific, Inc.). Improvement of facial volume in multiple tissue layers was observed at 4 and 12 weeks of follow‐up. Total facial rejuvenation to correct descending soft tissue with a PCL‐based dermal filler was achieved through volume restoration in multiple tissue layers of the face.
Caregivers’ lived experience in trying to read slight movements in a child with severe brain injury: A phenomenological study
Authors: Kameda Naoko , Suzuki Machiko 
Published: January 2018

Aims and objectivesTo explore caregivers’ lived experience of reading slight movements of a child with severe brain injury.BackgroundDespite increased need, the development of individual care for children with severe brain injuries has been prevented by their severe physical state and the poor reproducibility of their movements. In addition to a lack of evidence on the motor characteristics of patients with severe brain injury with multiple disabilities, their own development contributes to increasing variability in their states. Thus, caregivers are compelled to rely on their experiences, which have not been academically explored.DesignA qualitative study based on van Manen's method of hermeneutic phenomenology.MethodsData were obtained through twenty‐one 3‐hr observation sessions and five 15‐ to 45‐min group interviews. We observed a child (called AK) with severe brain injury and his 61 caregivers, and conducted group interviews with 28 caregivers. We focused on caregivers’ experiences of reading AK's slight movements. The data were interpreted based on van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological approach.ResultsFour themes emerged as caregivers’ experience in trying to read AK's slight movements. By considering “AK's physical state and his slight movements” and discovering “caregivers’ ‘sense of uncertainty’ about AK's slight movements,” caregivers could decipher “AK's multiple slight movements.” “Sharing” was found as a necessary aspect of these other three themes of reading AK's slight movements.ConclusionsWe presented caregivers’ experiences as related to these four themes in their efforts to read the slight movements of AK. Due to AK's slight movements with poor reproducibility, “sharing” was necessary to read AK's slight movements, as it exposes caregivers’ lived experience to the interpretation of multiple caregivers.Relevance to clinical practiceThese four themes may be useful for assessing, guiding and promoting caregivers’ use of sharing when reading the slight movements of children with severe brain injury.
Production of YY Supermale and XY Physiological Female Common Carp for Potential Eradication of this Invasive Species
Authors: Jiang Mouyan , Wu Xingxing , Chen Kuangxin , Luo Hongrui , Yu Wei , Jia Shaoting , Li Yongming , Wang Yufeng , Yang Pinhong , Zhu Zuoyan , Hu Wei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe common carp, Cyprinus carpio, is the third most cultivated freshwater species worldwide, but is also considered an invasive species. The Trojan Y chromosome strategy is one of the most promising methods to eradicate this invasive species. However, obtaining fertile YY supermale (MYY) and YY physiological female (FYY) common carp was thought to be very difficult. The present study focused on the production of androgenetic MYY and XY physiological female (FXY) common carp. We first optimized the conditions for artificially induced androgenesis. The results indicated that the optimum ultraviolet (UV) exposure time was 4 min at an irradiation distance of 26 cm and the optimum initiation time with heat shock (40 ± 0.5 C for 2 min) was 30 min after fertilization. Then, we produced androgenetic MYY Yellow River carp with only paternal inheritance, which were viable and identified by paternity testing and test crossing. Finally, we successfully produced FXY Yellow River carp by feeding 60‐d‐old MXY with commercially available feed mixed with 17β‐estradiol (200 mg/kg) and Flutamide (200 mg/kg) for 3 mo. In conclusion, by combining artificially induced androgenesis with an artificially induced sex reversal technique, we could cost‐effectively produce MYY and FXY common carp.
Epidemiology of dermatophyte infections among school children in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Farag Azza G. A. , Hammam Mostafa A. , Ibrahem Reda A. , Mahfouz Reda Z. , Elnaidany Nada F. , Qutubuddin Masroor , Tolba Rehab R. E. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryMost superficial mycotic infections of human skin are due to dermatophytes. Children are frequently affected due to different predisposing factors, particularly overcrowding in classrooms. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dermatophytes infections and their related risk factors among school children in Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Six public primary and preparatory schools were randomly selected and their pupils (n = 3464) were asked to complete a predesigned questionnaire covering both personal data and suspected risk factors for superficial dermatophyte infections. The children were also examined for dermatological diseases. Any suspected lesions were biopsied for mycological examination. The prevalence of clinically suspected dermatophytes infections was 1.41%, whereas the prevalence of culture confirmed cases was 0.98%. The most common clinical type was tinea capitis with a prevalence of 1.01%. Microsporum canis was the only isolated organism from the suspicious lesions with a 69.4% positivity rate. A higher prevalence was observed among boys, low socio‐economic pupils and those with a family history of dermatophyte infections. Pet contact and sharing towels and caps among pupils were significant risk factors. Dermatophyte infection is still prevalent among basic school pupils. Fortunately, it is related to preventable risk factors. We recommend regular screening and use of educational health programmes for kids to control it.
Does asthma affect school performance in adolescents? Results from the Swedish population‐based birth cohort BAMSE
Authors: Nilsson Sara , Ödling Maria , Andersson Niklas , Bergström Anna , Kull Inger 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is common among schoolchildren and may influence quality of life and school attendance. However, it is unclear if asthma affects school performance. The aim of this study was to examine whether different phenotypes of asthma affect school performance during adolescence.MethodsThe study population consisted of 1715 adolescents from a population‐based birth cohort, followed up to age 16 with questionnaires and clinical examinations. Asthma was defined as at least 4 wheeze episodes or at least 1 wheeze episode in combination with inhaled steroids in the last 12 months. School grades were obtained from Statistics Sweden, and logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the association between the final overall grade from secondary school and asthma phenotypes.ResultsAmong the adolescents, 20.8% have had ever asthma; 24.2% early transient, 47.2% school‐age onset, and 24.2% persistent asthma. At 16 years, 7.8% had asthma; 71.7% multimorbidity and 73.9% allergic asthma. A statistically significant association for performing less well was seen for ever asthma (ORadj = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.09‐1.88). In analyses of asthma onset, an association was seen for school‐age onset (ORadj = 1.49, CI = 1.02‐2.16) and a tendency for persistent asthma (ORadj = 1.61, CI = 0.98‐2.66), although with overlapping confidence intervals. Further, adolescents with uncontrolled asthma tended to perform less well (ORadj = 2.60, CI = 0.87‐7.80) compared to adolescents with partly controlled (ORadj = 1.12, CI = 0.68‐1.83) and fully controlled (ORadj = 1.29, CI = 0.55‐3.01) asthma.ConclusionsOur results indicate that asthma impairs school performance in adolescence. Moreover, some evidence suggests the adolescents with asthma during school age and with poorer asthma control to be more likely to perform less well.
Proteaceae from phosphorus‐impoverished habitats preferentially allocate phosphorus to photosynthetic cells: An adaptation improving phosphorus‐use efficiency
Authors: Hayes Patrick E. , Clode Peta L. , Oliveira Rafael S. , Lambers Hans 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPlants allocate nutrients to specific leaf cell types; eudicots are thought to predominantly allocate phosphorus (P) to epidermal/bundle sheath cells. However, three Proteaceae species have been shown to preferentially allocate P to mesophyll cells instead. These Proteaceae species are highly adapted to P‐impoverished habitats, with exceptionally high photosynthetic P‐use efficiencies (PPUE). We hypothesized that preferential allocation of P to photosynthetic mesophyll cells is an important trait in species adapted to extremely P‐impoverished habitats, contributing to their high PPUE. We used elemental X‐ray mapping to determine leaf cell‐specific nutrient concentrations for 12 Proteaceae species, from habitats of strongly contrasting soil P concentrations, in Australia, Brazil, and Chile. We found that only species from extremely P‐impoverished habitats preferentially allocated P to photosynthetic mesophyll cells, suggesting it has evolved as an adaptation to their extremely P‐impoverished habitat and that it is not a family‐wide trait. Our results highlight the possible role of soil P in driving the evolution of ecologically relevant nutrient allocation patterns and that these patterns cannot be generalized across families. Furthermore, preferential allocation of P to photosynthetic cells may provide new and exciting strategies to improve PPUE in crop species.
What does the dot‐probe task measure? A reverse correlation analysis of electrocortical activity
Authors: Thigpen Nina N. , Gruss L. Forest , Garcia Steven , Herring David R. , Keil Andreas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe dot‐probe task is considered a gold standard for assessing the intrinsic attentive selection of one of two lateralized visual cues, measured by the response time to a subsequent, lateralized response probe. However, this task has recently been associated with poor reliability and conflicting results. To resolve these discrepancies, we tested the underlying assumption of the dot‐probe task—that fast probe responses index heightened cue selection—using an electrophysiological measure of selective attention. Specifically, we used a reverse correlation approach in combination with frequency‐tagged steady‐state visual potentials (ssVEPs). Twenty‐one participants completed a modified dot‐probe task in which each member of a pair of lateralized face cues, varying in emotional expression (angry‐angry, neutral‐angry, neutral‐neutral), flickered at one of two frequencies (15 or 20 Hz), to evoke ssVEPs. One cue was then replaced by a response probe, and participants indicated the probe orientation (0° or 90°). We analyzed the ssVEP evoked by the cues as a function of response speed to the subsequent probe (i.e., a reverse correlation analysis). Electrophysiological measures of cue processing varied with probe hemifield location: Faster responses to left probes were associated with weak amplification of the preceding left cue, apparent only in a median split analysis. By contrast, faster responses to right probes were systematically and parametrically predicted by diminished visuocortical selection of the preceding right cue. Together, these findings highlight the poor validity of the dot‐probe task, in terms of quantifying intrinsic, nondirected attentive selection irrespective of probe/cue location.
Opportunities for strengthening aquaculture industry through multicriteria decision‐making
Authors: Vergara‐Solana Francisco , Araneda Marcelo E. , Ponce‐Díaz German 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn operations research, there are methodological tools included in decision theory that can help decision‐makers understand and systematize the decision‐making process. Decisions can be classified either as mono‐criterial, when only one criterion or goal is considered to evaluate its performance or multicriterial, which takes into account the interaction between two or more goals or criteria that can be in conflict. Natural resource management and finance are some important examples where the implementation of this type of tools has benefited the decision‐making process because they allow a number of criteria or objectives to be weighted in a transparent manner to assist when one or more decision‐makers are involved. Despite this, its application was not common in aquaculture; however, in recent years, efforts have increased exponentially. This work seeks to identify opportunity areas for development of new aquaculture‐related research through the implementation of multicriterial decision‐making methods (MCDM). To achieve this, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis was performed to detect MCDM applications that have been implemented in aquaculture industry (24 documents that were grouped into eight applications). Later, this information was complemented through the analysis of selected applications in natural resources management, specifically in fisheries, animal husbandry and agriculture. We propose 23 research topics relevant to the aquaculture industry that can be addressed by the methodologies in MCDM.
Point‐of‐care ultrasound education to improve care of dialysis patients
Authors: Mullangi Surekha , Sozio Stephen M. , Segal Paul , Menez Steven , Martire Carol , Shafi Tariq 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPoint‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is rapidly emerging as a bedside diagnostic tool that can enhance physical diagnosis and facilitate clinical decision making. Although ultrasound is widely used by nephrologists for vascular access and kidney imaging, diagnostic POCUS skills in other anatomic areas are not part of routine nephrology training. In this narrative review, we will provide an overview of selected POCUS techniques, highlight potential uses of POCUS in routine nephrology practice, and describe a new curriculum implemented at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine to teach diagnostic POCUS skills to nephrology fellows.
A practical guide for the care of patients with end‐stage renal disease near the end of life
Authors: Bansal Amar D. , Schell Jane O. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMost patients who rely on dialysis for treatment of end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) never receive a kidney transplant. Therefore, it is important for nephrology providers to feel comfortable discussing the role of dialysis near the end of life (EOL). Advance care planning (ACP) is an ongoing process of learning patient values and goals in an effort to outline preferences for current and future care. This review presents a framework for how to incorporate ACP in the care of dialysis patients throughout the kidney disease course and at the EOL. Early ACP is useful for all dialysis patients and should ideally begin in the absence of clinical setbacks. Check‐in conversations can be used to continue longitudinal discussions with patients and identify opportunities for symptom management and support. Lastly, triggered ACP is useful to clarify care preferences for patients with worsening clinical status. Practical tools include prognostication models to identify patients at risk for decline; ACP documents to operationalize patient care preferences; and communication guidance for engaging in these important conversations. Interdisciplinary teams with expertise from social work, palliative care, and hospice can be helpful at various stages and are discussed here.