bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundary-localized many-body bound states in the continuum
Authors: Sun Na , Zhang Weixuan , Yuan Hao , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBound states in the continuum (BICs), referring to spatially localized bound states with energies falling within the range of extended modes, have been extensively investigated in single-particle systems, leading to diverse applications in photonics, acoustics, and other classical-wave systems. Recently, there has been theoretical interest in exploring many-body BICs in interacting quantum systems, which necessitate the careful design of impurity potentials or spatial profiles of interaction. Here, we propose a type of many-body BICs localized at boundaries, which can be purely induced by the uniform onsite interaction without requiring any specific design of impurity potential or nonlocal interaction. We numerically show that three or more interacting bosons can concentrate on the boundary of a homogeneous one-dimensional lattice, which is absent at single- and two-particle counterparts. Moreover, the eigenenergy of multi-boson bound states can embed within the continuous energy spectra of extended scattering states, thereby giving rise to interaction-induced boundary many-body BICs. Furthermore, by mapping Fock states of three and four bosons to nonlinear circuit networks, we experimentally simulate boundary many-body BICs. Our findings enrich the comprehension of correlated BICs beyond the single-particle level, and have the potential to inspire future investigations on exploring many-body BICs.
Tomographic SAR imaging via generative adversarial neural network with cascaded U‐Net architecture
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Kun , Li Zhiyuan , Zhang Bingchen , Wu Yirong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTomographic synthetic aperture radar is an advanced multi‐channel interferometric technique for retrieving 3‐D spatial information. It can be regarded as an inherently sparse reconstruction problem and can be solved using compressive sensing algorithms. However, the performances are limited by the number of acquisitions and suffer from computational burdens in practice. This paper proposes a novel method based on deep learning, which is carried out and optimized in an end‐to‐end manner by the generative adversarial neural networks. The proposed method applies the cascaded U‐Net architectures to achieve the reconstruction of full‐channel synthetic aperture radar images and the refinement of obtained tomographic results, respectively. The proposed network is trained using simulated data and validate the technique on simulated and real data. The tests show promising results with the limited number of acquisitions while reducing the computation time.
An improved multi‐scale YOLOv8 for apple leaf dense lesion detection and recognition
Authors: Huo Shixin , Duan Na , Xu Zhizheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractApple leaf lesions present a challenge for their detection and recognition because of their wide variety of species, morphologies, uneven sizes, and complex backgrounds. This paper proposes an improved multi‐scale YOLOv8 for apple leaf dense lesion detection and recognition. In the proposed YOLOv8, an improved C2f‐RFEM module is constructed in the backbone network to improve the feature extraction of disease object. A new neck network is designed by using C2f‐DCN and C2f‐DCN‐EMA module, which are established with deformable convolutions and efficient multi‐scale attention module with cross‐spatial learning attention mechanism. Moreover, a large‐scale detection head is introduced for increasing the resolution of the small lesion targets, so as to further improve the detection ability for multi‐scale diseases. Finally, the improved YOLOv8 is tested on the common objects in context (COCO) database with 80 kinds of objectives and an apple leaf disease database with 8 kinds of diseases. Compared to the baseline YOLOv8 model, the proposed improved YOLOv8 increases the mAP0.5 by 3%, and decreases the floating‐point operations per second (FLOPs) by 0.3G on the COCO database. For the apple leaf disease database, the improved YOLOv8 outperforms in terms of mAP and FLOPs compared to other models, for parameters and model size, it is ranked second and third, respectively. Experimental results show that the improved YOLOv8 has better adaptability to multi‐scale dense distribution of apple leaf disease spots with complex scenarios.
Development of a reliable adaptive estimation approach for a low‐cost attitude and heading reference system
Authors: Abdolkarimi Elahe Sadat , Rafatnia Sadra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA main challenge within inertial navigation systems involves attitude determination, which refers to the process of estimating the angles that define orientations. A new algorithm is presented to estimate a reliable and proper model for a low‐cost attitude and heading reference system (AHRS), while also, including long‐term global navigation satellite system (GNSS) outages with various dynamical manoeuvres. In the proposed approach, the initial AHRS model is continuously refined at each time step through the incorporation of complementary terms using a new prediction method. These complementary terms are determined using attitude information from the accelerometers output and the GNSS as reference systems. The proposed estimation technique undergoes mathematical analysis to ascertain stochastic stability and is further assessed through real‐world aerial experimental tests conducted with hardware‐in‐the‐loop mechanisation. The obtained results demonstrate a significant enhancement in the reliability and accuracy of the AHRS through the proposed estimation algorithm, even under GNSS blockages. The comparative results highlight the higher performance of the suggested data fusion scheme in providing a reliable and accurate model for the AHRS in normal conditions and assisting a powerful neural network‐based algorithm to provide reliable heading information even during long‐term GNSS outages under dynamical manoeuvres.
Luxofractura de Lisfranc compleja: Reporte de dos casos y revisión
Authors: Vera-Alarcón Alvaro , Montesinos-Zavaleta Félix , Cerna-Horna Ricardo , Orozco-De-Iraola Samuel 
Published: September 2024

Resumen
Introducción Las lesiones de Lisfranc abarcan un gran espectro de afecciones que pueden impactar en la calidad de vida del paciente si no son tratadas de la manera adecuada. El diagnóstico certero, incluso de los casos sutiles que muchas veces pasan desapercibidos, mediante exámenes específicos y el manejo temprano son fundamentales para obtener buenos resultados.
Materiales y Métodos Se presentan dos casos clínicos de pacientes con luxofracturas de Lisfranc asociadas a hematomas a tensión sometidos a descompresión, reducción abierta y fijación interna con el uso simultáneo de diversos materiales de osteosíntesis poco descritos en la literatura.
Resultados Se obtuvieron óptimos resultados radiográficos, que permitieron la rehabilitación acelerada y la mejoría progresiva del rango de movimiento desde la semana siguiente a la cirugía. A los 18 meses de la cirugía, se obtuvieron buenas puntuaciones en escalas validadas (como el Foot Function Index [FFI] y el 36-Item Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]) que evalúan función y calidad de vida.
Discusión Hoy en día, no hay un tratamiento estándar para estas lesiones. En el primer caso se utilizaron tornillos de compresión sin cabeza, placas bloqueadas tarsometatarsianas, un clavo de Kirschner e incluso un sistema de botón, mientras que, en el segundo caso, la fijación fue realizada únicamente con clavos de Kirschner. Ambos casos tuvieron resultados funcionales muy buenos y retorno a sus actividades laborales. Se hace una revisión que enfatiza en el diagnóstico y el manejo de esta patología.
Incidence, Associated Factors, and Prognosis of Liver Dysfunction in Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Multicenter Prospective Study
Authors: Tong Shuai , Gao Shan , Cui Yi , Jin Hong , Liu Li , Xie Xiaoli , Li Xuemei , Min Xiaolan , Wang Zhiling , Wan Chaomin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective Community-acquired pneumonia with abnormal liver function is not uncommon. There is no systematic study on the clinical characteristics of liver dysfunction in children with community-acquired pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the characteristics and prognosis of liver dysfunction in children with community-acquired pneumonia.
Methods This study was a multicenter prospective study involving 26 hospitals in Sichuan Province from June 2020 to June 2021. The characteristics of liver dysfunction in children with community-acquired pneumonia were recorded and analyzed according to different factors such as age, medical condition, level of transaminase in liver function, and time for liver function recovery.
Results A total of 4,623 hospitalized children with pneumonia were included. Among them, 592 children had liver dysfunction, accounting for the 12.8% (592/4,623). The degree of liver function injury was more obvious in infants and in children of severe pneumonia group (average ranks were 288.95 and 319.34). The liver lesion was more serious in the group of children less than 1 year old (p = 0.000). The median time to recovery of liver function was 8 days (interquartile range: 6–15.5 days), whereas the fastest recovery was 3 days, and the longest recovery period was 162 days.
Conclusion Community-acquired pneumonia with abnormal liver function is very common. Young age and severe pneumonia are risk factors for liver dysfunction. The recovery time of liver enzymes is not short. Infants and children with severe pneumonia need closer follow-up.
Modes of control in international digital commerce: evidence from Amazon.com
Authors: Li Jiatao , Chen Ziyi , Kwon Ohchan , Wang Jue 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOnline marketplaces such as Amazon.com represent a new channel through which multinational enterprises (MNEs) can sell their products in foreign markets, either as third-party sellers or as suppliers to the platform owner. An MNE can have better control of the marketing mix when selling directly on Amazon.com as a third-party seller, but this task entails two challenges. First is the liability of foreignness, and second is the disadvantage of competing with other products that are directly sold by the platform owner. The platform owner sets the rules of the platform and has data and algorithmic advantages, putting competitive pressure on MNEs with tighter control. Data obtained from Amazon are analyzed and reveal that maintaining control as a third-party seller predicts lower sales than being a supplier to the platform owner. However, the penalty associated with retaining control is smaller for MNEs with more host-country experience and country-of-origin advantage. These findings provide new insights into how MNEs leverage platforms such as Amazon.com to expand their global reach.
Numerical analysis of thermal performance of various types of horizontal ground heat exchangers
Authors: Jahan Nushrat , Ali Md Hasan , Miyara Akio 
Published: September 2024

In this paper, three types of horizontal ground heat exchangers (GHEs) such as U-tube, spiral, and slinky were numerically analyzed to investigate their thermal performance in cooling mode for 7 days of continuous operation with specific boundary conditions where a rectangular trench of 5 m in length, 2 m in width, and 5 m in depth served as the basis for the modeling of each heat exchanger. The pipe material was selected to be high density polyethylene for higher durability and corrosion resistance, as well as the soil and working fluid, which were clay and water. To confirm the accuracy of simulation results and reduce the computational time, a mesh independence test was performed, and simulation models were validated. There were four types of modifications, and in all of the cases, slinky GHE has better thermal performance. For instance, the heat exchange rate per unit trench length of slinky GHE was 20.72 W/m, which is higher than U-tube and spiral tube with a heat exchange rate of 9.75 and 13.62 W/m, which is of maximum 53% and 28% than U tube GHE, respectively, for the same pipe wall thickness and different material volumes of U-tube, spiral, and slinky GHEs. The pressure drop of slinky GHE is also higher (maximum 87% higher than U tube). To balance the heat exchange rate and pressure drop, the thermal performance capability (TPC) was examined. The slinky GHE has the highest thermal performance capability for all the cases. From the energy balance point, the TPC valued a maximum of 1.72 for the same material volume and different pipe wall thickness. The effectiveness was investigated to examine the heat exchange rate with different ground temperatures, and the slinky GHE showed higher effectiveness than spiral and U-tube GHEs. Finally, the thermal performance of slinky horizontal GHE was examined with different trench lengths to investigate the excavation work reduction with reduced trench length. With the decrease in trench length, the heat exchange rate and excavation work also decreased. The heat exchange rate of slinky horizontal GHEs with trench lengths of 1.5 and 1 m remained better than that of spiral and U-tube horizontal GHEs with a trench length of 3.5 m.
Rapid and precise multifocal cutaneous tumor margin assessment using fluorescence lifetime detection and machine learning
Authors: Su Wenhua , Zheng Dachao , Zhou Jiacheng , Chen Qiushu , Chen Liwen , Yang Yuwei , Fei Yiyan , Yao Haijun , Ma Jiong , Mi Lan 
Published: September 2024

The precise determination of surgical margins is essential for the management of multifocal cutaneous cancers, including extramammary Paget’s disease. This study introduces a novel strategy for precise margin identification in such tumors, employing multichannel autofluorescence lifetime decay (MALD), fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), and machine learning, including confidence learning algorithms. Using FLIM, 51 unstained frozen sections were analyzed, of which 13 (25%) sections, containing 5003 FLIM patches, were used for training the residual network model (ResNet–FLIM). The remaining 38 (75%) sections, including 16 918 patches, were retained for external validation. Application of confidence learning with deep learning reduced the reliance on extensive pathologist annotation. Refined labels obtained by ResNet–FLIM were then incorporated into a support vector machine (SVM) model, which utilized fiber-optic-based MALD data. Both models exhibited substantial agreement with the pathological assessments. Of the 35 MALD-measured tissue segments, six (17%) segments were selected as the training dataset, including 900 decay profiles. The remaining 29 segments (83%), including 2406 decay profiles, were reserved for external validation. The ResNet–FLIM model achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity. The SVM–MALD model demonstrated 94% sensitivity and 83% specificity. Notably, fiber-optic-MALD allows assessing 12 sites per patient and delivering predictions within 10 min. Variations in the necessary safe margin length were observed among patients, highlighting the necessity for patient-specific approaches to determine surgical margins. This innovative approach holds potential for wide clinical application, providing a rapid and accurate margin evaluation method that significantly reduces a pathologist’s workload and improves patient outcomes through personalized medicine.
Composition and strain of the pseudomorphic α-phase intermediate layer at the Ga2O3/Al2O3 interface
Authors: Schowalter M. , Karg A. , Alonso-Orts M. , Bich J. A. , Raghuvansy S. , Williams M. S. , Krause F. F. , Grieb T. , Mahr C. , Mehrtens T. , Vogt P. , Rosenauer A. , Eickhoff M. 
Published: September 2024

We investigate the composition of α-phase intermediate layers at epitaxial Ga2O3/Al2O3 interfaces using high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy. Their presence is considered a general phenomenon as they are observed independent of the growth technique [Schewski et al., Appl. Phys. Exp. 8, 011101]. Samples were grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy using different growth conditions. Almost independent of these, the quantitative evaluation of the measured intensities gave Ga concentrations of ∼25%. We show that the previously published model, based on a pure α-Ga2O3 interlayer, fails if it is adapted to the measured composition. Density functional theory (DFT) computations were used to overcome the approximations made in this model and suggest that a stabilization of the layer is possible due to the low Ga concentration (≤35%) at which the α-phase is the most stable. Our surface model computations suggest an exchange of Ga atoms at the surface with Al atoms from the underlying substrate as a possible formation mechanism.
A high-precision measurement method for moment of inertia based on torsion pendulum method
Authors: Cui Haichao , Hong Yanji , Du Baosheng , Han Jianhui , Wang Linyan , Ye Jifei , Wang Diankai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The precise determination of moment of inertia (MOI) holds paramount importance in investigating the rotational dynamics of an object. Based on the torsion pendulum system, a novel high-precision measurement method for MOI is developed by using the constant force in this paper. Firstly, the extreme response characteristics of a torsional pendulum measurement system under a constant force are discussed in detail in this paper, and the relationships between the system damping ratio, natural frequency, MOI and the extremal characteristic points of the system response are determined through the linear regression analysis. By applying the superposition principle, the MOI for the object being measured can be computed. As the performance of the constant force source is the key to ensure the measurement accuracy, this paper develops an electromagnetic force source, which consists of a coil and a permanent magnet, and the electromagnetic force variation law with the relative position of the coil and permanent magnet is investigated by utilizing a high-precision electronic balance, and then the optimal relative position is determined to reduce the impact of the relative position on the electromagnetic force. Furthermore, the high-precision electromagnetic force driving equation at the optimal position is acquired by utilizing the least square method. Finally, this paper develops a novel torsional measurement device for the MOI and successfully achieves high-precise measurement of the MOI for the target object using the proposed measurement method. The measurement experiment for MOI of a target object indicates that the corresponding measurement relative error is 0.297%, thereby confirming the effectiveness and high precision of the proposed measurement approach.
Photoelectric response of the variable component GaxIn1−xAsySb1−y nanopillar arrays under the gradient electric field
Authors: Wang Zhidong , Liu Lei , Cao Zhihao , Tian Jian , Zhangyang Xingyue 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
III-V antimonide GaxIn1−xAsySb1−y, known for its narrow bandgap, has become a crucial material for manufacturing infrared detection devices. However, the low energy and weak emission characteristics of infrared wavelengths hinder the development of infrared photocathodes. Utilizing external electric fields to assist emission is one of the primary methods to enhance the efficiency of infrared cathodes. The work establishes a model of multi-component GaxIn1−xAsySb1−y heterojunction pillar array (NPAs) photocathodes under gradient electric fields, and calculate the influence of electric field on the photoelectric performance of nanopillars by numerical analysis. The computational results indicate that external electric fields, along with internal electric fields within heterojunctions affecting carrier transport, effectively regulate the emission performance of nanopillar array cathodes. Gradient-enhanced electric field can significantly enhance the quantum efficiency of nanopillar arrays. The presence of heterojunctions’ internal electric fields allows for modulation of the quantum efficiency amplitude of nanopillars while preventing breakdown, thereby providing a theoretical basis for developing high-efficiency field-assisted infrared cathodes.
The People Overthrew the Regimes
Authors: Toska Silvana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter pairs two countries that had successful revolutions, but which differed in many other aspects. It shows the effects of a neighboring revolt, in Tunisia, on how revolutionaries understood their own mobilization and chances for success and how existing organizations—youth activists and labor unions—used mobilizing emotions to their advantage. It examines the different interactions between protesters and the military in each country using interviews and secondary data. It shows how protesters spoke directly to the military in order to turn them to their cause, and how the military was biding its time before deciding whether to stay with the regime or defect, and that the emotional power of the protests influenced loyal militaries’ decisions to defect.
‘Mentor, friend, teacher, and learner’: The beauty, opportunities, and challenges of heritage speakers as heritage language educators
Authors: Driver Meagan Y , DeRobles Gabriela 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The last decade has seen an increased interest in heritage language education (HLE), yet only limited work is guided by in-group scholars and community members who themselves identify as heritage speakers (i.e. individuals with family connections to a non-English language). The present study addresses a lack of in-group representation in the research by investigating current barriers and opportunities in HLE through semi-structured narrative interviews with eight in-group HS educators from five different heritage language backgrounds. A thematic analysis of qualitative findings uncovered a multitude of common and critical issues experienced by HS educators, including the benefits and hardships of sharing a sociolinguistic background with HL students and the emotional roller coaster of teaching a personal HL. Findings also outline numerous needs specific to this community of educators, such as increased in-group representation in the field and greater support for social-emotional and professional success and well-being. Results suggest a number of institutional implications to empower current HS educators and encourage a pipeline from HL student to HL teacher for individuals from minoritized language backgrounds.
Sister partnership to overcome the global burden of cancer
Authors: Magné Nicolas , Sotton Sandrine , Varges Gomes Ana , Marta Gustavo Nader , Giglio Raúl Eduardo , Mesía Ricard , Psyrri Amanda , Sacco Assuntina G , Shah Jatin , Diao Peng , Malekzadeh Moghani Mona , Moreno-Acosta Pablo , Bouleftour Wafa , Deutsch Eric 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Emerging countries are currently facing an increasing burden of cancer while they do not have adequate prevention, monitoring, and research capabilities to tackle the disease. Cancer outcomes are influenced by several factors, including different cancer patterns, national cancer screening guidelines, current stage of disease, and access to quality care and treatments. Discrepancies in cancer care between emerging and developed countries require actions to achieve global health equity. The process of pioneering a sister relationship in the oncology field can thwart the global burden of cancer. The objective of such cooperation programs should include research and training programs, evidence-based oncology practice, and quality cancer. Building global connections will therefore be the novel approach to addressing the global burden of cancer.