bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The association between glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and/or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist prescriptions and substance‐related outcomes in patients with opioid and alcohol use disorders: A real‐world data analysis
Authors: Qeadan Fares , McCunn Ashlie , Tingey Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to estimate the strength of association between prescriptions of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and/or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RA) and the incidence of opioid overdose and alcohol intoxication in patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD), respectively. This study also aimed to compare the strength of the GIP/GLP‐1 RA and substance use‐outcome association among patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes and obesity.DesignA retrospective cohort study analyzing de‐identified electronic health record data from the Oracle Cerner Real‐World Data.SettingAbout 136 United States of America health systems, covering over 100 million patients, spanning January 2014 to September 2022.ParticipantsThe study included 503 747 patients with a history of OUD and 817 309 patients with a history of AUD, aged 18 years or older.MeasurementsThe exposure indicated the presence (one or more) or absence of GIP/GLP‐1 RA prescriptions. The outcomes were the incidence rates of opioid overdose in the OUD cohort and alcohol intoxication in the AUD cohort. Potential confounders included comorbidities and demographic factors.FindingsPatients with GIP/GLP‐1 RA prescriptions demonstrated statistically significantly lower rates of opioid overdose [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) in OUD patients: 0.60; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.43–0.83] and alcohol intoxication (aIRR in AUD patients: 0.50; 95% CI = 0.40–0.63) compared to those without such prescriptions. When stratified by comorbid conditions, the rate of incident opioid overdose and alcohol intoxication remained similarly protective for those prescribed GIP/GLP‐1 RA among patients with OUD and AUD.ConclusionsPrescriptions of glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and/or glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists appear to be associated with lower rates of opioid overdose and alcohol intoxication in patients with opioid use disorder and alcohol use disorder. The protective effects are consistent across various subgroups, including patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes and obesity.
The IL‐4–IL‐4Rα axis modulates olfactory neuroimmune signaling to induce loss of smell
Authors: Hara Yannis , Jha Mithilesh Kumar , Huang Jeremy Y. , Han Yingnan , Langohr Ingeborg M. , Gaglia Giorgio , Zhu Cheng , Piepenhagen Peter , Gayvert Kaitlyn , Lim Wei Keat , Asrat Seblewongel , Nash Scott , Jacob‐Nara Juby A. , Orengo Jamie M. , Bangari Dinesh S. , de Rinaldis Emanuele , Mattoo Hamid , Hicks Alexandra 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLoss of smell is a part of the diagnostic criteria for CRSwNP. Although the mechanistic understanding is poor, inhibition of IL‐4Rα and IL‐4/IL‐13 signaling improves loss of smell in CRSwNP patients. In the present study, we compare the effects of IL‐4, IL‐13, and IL‐4Rα blockade on murine olfaction and identify the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of loss of smell.MethodsTo evaluate the effects of IL‐4 and IL‐13 on olfactory function, we administered these cytokines intranasally to BALB/c mice for 5 consecutive days and assessed their latency to find hidden food. Calcium uptake assays were conducted to measure olfactory neuronal activity in vitro and ex vivo. We also performed histological analyses, proteomics, bulk RNA sequencing, and single‐cell RNA sequencing to assess the impact of IL‐4, IL‐13, and IL‐4Rα blockade on the olfactory epithelium and to identify potential molecular or cellular correlations with smell loss in human CRSwNP patients.ResultsHere, we provide evidence for non‐redundant effects of IL‐4 and IL‐13 in olfaction, with loss of smell in mice evoked by intranasal administration of IL‐4, not IL‐13. We demonstrate that an IL‐4–IL‐4Rα axis has a direct functional impact on murine olfactory sensory neurons and evokes inflammatory cell infiltration and pathophysiologic modulation of unique molecular signatures in olfactory epithelium without compromising structural integrity. Furthermore, single‐cell analysis of olfactory epithelium reveals that IL‐4–IL‐4Rα signaling modulates neuronal crosstalk with mast cells, macrophages, and NK cells, suggesting a functional link between olfactory impairment and neuroinflammation.ConclusionCollectively, this study suggests that an IL‐4–IL‐4Rα signaling axis plays a unique pathophysiological role in olfactory dysfunction via direct effect on neurons and modulation of neuroimmune interactions.
Short insemination during conventional in vitro fertilization increases embryo quality
Authors: Nemerovsky Luba , Ghetler Yehudith , Bakhshi Danit Israel , Rom Tal , Itskovich Ayelet , Yeres Noga , Yefimov Rita , Kaplanski Olga , Wiser Amir , Levi Mattan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo compare clinical outcomes using short and long co‐incubation protocols in sibling oocytes based on embryo morphokinetic outcomes measured by time‐lapse incubator with stratification based on a woman's age and sperm quality.DesignOur study included 72 cycles with >6 oocytes retrieved. Sibling oocytes were distributed for two parallel protocols: short (3 h; n = 421) or long (16–20 h; n = 434) insemination, using the same amount of spermatozoa from the same prepared sample. Oocytes were then washed and incubated for 5 days. Time‐lapse annotations of embryos were performed by experienced embryologists and artificial intelligence‐based Known Implantation Data scores for day 3 and day 5 were calculated with EmbryoScope software.ResultsShort‐insemination group exhibited a higher blastulation rate, better morphokinetic indicators, and higher Known Implantation Data scores on day 3 and day 5 of the utilized embryos. However, the fertilization rate and clinical pregnancy rate per embryo transfer did not differ between experimental groups. A higher rate of abnormal fertilization (>2 pronuclei) after long insemination was recorded in women under 35 years old or with a total motile sperm count above 5 million and above 40% motility after preparation. A higher rate of usable embryos was observed after short insemination with a total motile sperm count above 30 million before preparation or 5 million and over 40% motility after preparation.ConclusionsOur results suggest that a short insemination protocol results in better embryo quality and should be considered as a favorable protocol, especially in young female patients or male patients with high sperm quality.
The effect of laughter yoga on well‐being, perceived stress, and academic self‐efficacy in nursing students: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yas Merve Altiner , Incesu Olga 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite rigorous theoretical and clinical training, nursing students face emotional and academic challenges that can harm their well‐being. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of research investigating the impact of laughter yoga (LY) on nursing students' well‐being, perceived stress, and self‐efficacy. The aim of this single‐blinded, two‐armed randomized controlled trial is to evaluate the effect of LY on nursing students' well‐being, perceived stress, and academic self‐efficacy (ASE). A total of five sessions of LY were applied to the intervention group. The analysis included a total of 83 nursing students (intervention group n = 41 and control group n = 42). Repeated‐measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and paired‐samples t‐test were used for data analysis. Results revealed that the intervention group showed a significant increase in well‐being (p < .001) and a decrease in perceived stress after LY (p < .01). However, statistically significant differences between the intervention and control groups were not found in well‐being, perceived stress, and ASE (p > .05). These results indicate the potential effects of LY on the students' well‐being and perceived stress. Community mental health nurses and educators can use LY to improve well‐being in universities.
Automatic detection for bioacoustic research: a practical guide from and for biologists and computer scientists
Authors: Kershenbaum Arik , Akçay Çağlar , Babu‐Saheer Lakshmi , Barnhill Alex , Best Paul , Cauzinille Jules , Clink Dena , Dassow Angela , Dufourq Emmanuel , Growcott Jonathan , Markham Andrew , Marti‐Domken Barbara , Marxer Ricard , Muir Jen , Reynolds Sam , Root‐Gutteridge Holly , Sadhukhan Sougata , Schindler Loretta , Smith Bethany R. , Stowell Dan , Wascher Claudia A.F. , Dunn Jacob C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRecent years have seen a dramatic rise in the use of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) for biological and ecological applications, and a corresponding increase in the volume of data generated. However, data sets are often becoming so sizable that analysing them manually is increasingly burdensome and unrealistic. Fortunately, we have also seen a corresponding rise in computing power and the capability of machine learning algorithms, which offer the possibility of performing some of the analysis required for PAM automatically. Nonetheless, the field of automatic detection of acoustic events is still in its infancy in biology and ecology. In this review, we examine the trends in bioacoustic PAM applications, and their implications for the burgeoning amount of data that needs to be analysed. We explore the different methods of machine learning and other tools for scanning, analysing, and extracting acoustic events automatically from large volumes of recordings. We then provide a step‐by‐step practical guide for using automatic detection in bioacoustics. One of the biggest challenges for the greater use of automatic detection in bioacoustics is that there is often a gulf in expertise between the biological sciences and the field of machine learning and computer science. Therefore, this review first presents an overview of the requirements for automatic detection in bioacoustics, intended to familiarise those from a computer science background with the needs of the bioacoustics community, followed by an introduction to the key elements of machine learning and artificial intelligence that a biologist needs to understand to incorporate automatic detection into their research. We then provide a practical guide to building an automatic detection pipeline for bioacoustic data, and conclude with a discussion of possible future directions in this field.
Diversity and abundance of large old trees in Hainan Island: Spatial analysis and environmental correlations
Authors: Xie Chunping , Yan Jiahao , Liu Dawei , Jim C. Y. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLarge old trees (LOTs) are invaluable natural treasures and cultural legacies, holding ecological, historical, social, and economic significance. However, climate change and human impacts threaten their existence. Understanding their species composition, age structure, biomass, and distribution patterns in relation to environmental factors is essential for effective conservation. In Hainan Island, South China, we analyzed 1081 LOTs from 74 species across 35 families, using a combination of field surveys and government data. The dominant families were Moraceae, Sapindaceae, and Fagaceae, with key species including Ficus altissima, Litchi chinensis, and Tamarindus indica. The age distribution followed a reverse J‐shape, indicating a prevalence of trees aged 300–399 years. In contrast, diameter at breast height (DBH) and height distributions were unimodal, favoring medium to large‐sized trees. Spatial analysis revealed uneven distribution patterns: the western zone exhibited the highest species diversity, the central zone moderate diversity, and the eastern zone low diversity, reflecting uneven urban and agricultural impacts. Most LOTs were concentrated at elevations of 0–50 m. Factors such as GDP, urbanization, and forest cover positively correlated with LOT abundance and diversity, with forest cover and average annual temperature particularly favoring these trees. The findings emphasize the intricate relationship between environmental factors and LOT distribution. They advocate for tailored conservation strategies that address the complex interplay of ecological, socioeconomic, and cultural influences on their preservation.Abstract in Chinese is available with online material.
Sex differences in perceived discrimination among patients with obesity
Authors: Olaniran Marianne O. , Kapti Eda G. , Mathew M. Sunil , Schellinger Jeffrey N. , Allicock Marlyn A. , Messiah Sarah E. , Almandoz Jaime P. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryThe negative impacts of perceived discrimination on health have been documented, but how perceptions of discrimination vary by sex among people with obesity (PWO) is not well understood. This study assessed sex differences in perceived discrimination among PWO. This cross‐sectional study analysed self‐reported data from racially/ethnically diverse PWO attending an academic obesity program. The primary outcome was perceived discrimination, assessed by the Major Experiences of Discrimination (MED) and Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS). Sex differences were evaluated by univariate and multivariable regression analysis adjusted for key descriptive variables. The final analytical sample included 60 PWO (62% female, 61% non‐Hispanic white (NHW), 12% Hispanic, 39% non‐Hispanic black (NHB), mean age 53 years, mean BMI 34 kg/m2). Women experienced everyday discrimination 59% less than men but this was not significant (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.08–2.16; p = .29). Participant highest BMI was correlated with acute discrimination (total MED score) (r = 0.39; p = .0024) and chronic discrimination (total EDS score) (r = 0.28; p = .03). Most participants reported more chronic discrimination compared to acute discrimination (85% vs. 48%). Mean MED (β −0.18; 95% CI –0.93 to +0.56; p = .62) and EDS scores (β −0.25; 95% CI –3.37 to +2.87; p = .87) were not significantly different between women and men. Perceived discrimination was common and experienced equally between men and women with obesity. Incorporating discrimination experiences into obesity care models may be an important step to improving quality of care and outcomes.
A productive friction: Leveraging misalignments between local ecological knowledge and remotely sensed imagery for forest conservation planning
Authors: Clark Matt , Hamad Haji Masoud , Andrews Jeffrey , Kolarik Nicholas , Hopping Kelly , Hillis Vicken , Borgerhoff Mulder Monique 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEarth's forests are continually monitored by both the satellite record and the lived experiences of nearly 2 billion forest‐proximate peoples. Generally, the satellite record summarizes production estimates, such as percent tree cover, at regular, relatively coarse scales. Conversely, local perceptions tend to capture changes at irregular and very fine scales. While the utility of both of these sources of information has been widely demonstrated in isolation, little work has explored in what contexts they are expected to correlate or deviate, or how they might be quantitatively integrated. Here, we collect gridded information on community perceived and remotely sensed mangrove cover change across 719 0.5‐km grids in Pemba Island, Tanzania. We reveal variation in the association between these two data sources across different wards (shehia) and explore the reasons for this variation using interviews and direct observation. We find that shehia with the greatest alignment between perceived and remotely sensed mangrove change tended to have little planting or natural regeneration of mangrove propagules and large areas of complete cover loss. Alternatively, in shehia with the lowest alignment, we find high levels of natural and/or human‐assisted mangrove recolonization and selective harvesting of individual trees and branches. These findings indicate that the alignment between local knowledge and satellite observations of mangrove cover change systematically increases with the scale of change in this system. Finally, we demonstrate a practical workflow for quantitatively leveraging these misalignments by optimizing across both data sources to identify restoration priority areas.
The body remembers: Legacies of chattel slavery hauntings in South Africa and the United States
Authors: Bennett Bonita , Ash Doris 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs museum scholars and practitioners coming from quite different geographies and practicalities, we have chosen to focus on chattel slavery as an extreme form of incarceration in South Africa and the United States. In this essay we reflect on its legacies, referencing physical, psychological as well as cultural dimensions. We hold a mirror to power structures infected by commodification and violence as we examine the stories and tools of enslavement and refer particularly to the covert ways in which resistance was enacted. We bring a “sites of conscience” framework into the dialogue, believing that sites can be transformative tools for forging broader understandings both about what took place at these sites, and why it matters in the present. Our methods of engagement include mutual interviewing, based partially on autoethnographic reflection and, significantly, our own practices within museums and communities. Because of the organic nature of our dialogue, we present it as an essay rather than as a typical academic paper.
Attributable one‐year healthcare cost of incident type 2 diabetes: A population‐wide difference‐in‐differences study in Denmark
Authors: Fredslund Eskild Klausen , Sandbæk Annelli , Prætorius Thim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study is to estimate the causally attributable one‐year healthcare costs for individuals getting a type 2 diabetes diagnosis compared to a matched sample and show the incurred costs of medication and in primary and secondary healthcare.MethodsCausal estimation using a difference‐in‐differences design to estimate the one‐year health care costs attributable to type 2 diabetes. Danish registry data consisting of the entire population in years 2016–2019. Newly diagnosed individuals with type 2 diabetes in 2018 were identified using a validated method. Sociodemographic and historical health data were used to identify a matched control group. Individuals were followed for two years before and one year after the date of diagnosis using. Three cost components were analysed: medication and primary and secondary healthcare costs.ResultsA total of 18,133 individuals were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in 2018 and matched successfully 1:1 to a control group. The total attributable one‐year cost of type 2 diabetes was EUR 1316. The main cost component was hospital care (EUR 1004) and primary care (EUR 167). The total attributable cost of incident diabetes in Denmark in 2018 was approx. EUR 24 million.ConclusionsThe majority of the first year health care cost of incident diabetes is incurred at the hospital level followed by primary care and medication. Our yearly cost estimate per newly diagnosed is considerably lower than estimates from the US and Australia.
Trust and accountability in times of crisis
Authors: Martinez‐Bravo Monica , Sanz Carlos 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic took place against the backdrop of growing political polarization and distrust in institutions. Did deficiencies in government performance further erode trust? Did citizens' ideology interfere with how they processed information on government performance? To investigate, we conducted a pre‐registered online experiment in Spain in November 2020. The treatment group was provided with information on the number of contact tracers in their region, a policy under the control of regional governments. We find that individuals greatly overestimate the number of contact tracers. When we provide the actual number, we find declines in trust in governments, willingness to fund public institutions, and COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance. We also find that individuals endogenously change their attribution of responsibilities when receiving the treatment. In regions where the regional and central governments are ruled by different parties, sympathizers of the regional incumbent react to the negative news on performance by attributing greater responsibility to the central government. We call this the ‘blame‐shifting effect’. In these regions, the negative information does not reduce voting intention for the regional incumbent government. These results suggest that political accountability may be particularly difficult in settings with high polarization and where areas of responsibility are not clearly delineated.
ICTs Influence on Knowledge Sharing in Higher Education: A Pre‐AI Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Kumar Nirved , Cook Elizabeth J. , Fayda‐Kinik F. Sehkar , Maisuradze Lela 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDigital transformation, through innovation in information and communication technologies (ICTs), impacts higher education (HE) and fosters knowledge sharing (KS). While research explores the implications of digital transformation in HE, its specific influence on KS remains understudied. This systematic literature review investigates the nexus between ICTs and KS in HE by examining peer‐reviewed literature prior to the AI boom. Three databases were searched, yielding 473 journal articles, which were screened, eligibility checked and assessed for quality and relevance to predetermined research questions. Eighteen eligible empirical studies were analysed, revealing ICTs influence on KS across university functions: teaching‐learning, governance/operations and research. Retrospectively, this study also demonstrates that the rapid pivot to fully online functions during the pandemic was possible because of prior ICT advancements despite known barriers (e.g., digital literacy, Internet connectivity). Essentially, ICTs enable vital KS for universities to ensure they remain resilient and sustainable now and into the future.
‘I Still Have Tears in My Eyes’: A Situational Psychological Approach of Teachers' Emotional Labour in Special Needs Education
Authors: Petiot Oriane , Kermarrec Gilles , Dugény Sylvain , Visioli Jérôme 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSpecial needs education represents an emotion‐laden context for teachers. The aim of this study was to analyse the forms and inducers of teachers' emotional labour in this specific context. Using a situational psychological approach, we analysed 167 critical incidents experienced by 50 special education teachers. Qualitative analysis revealed three passive forms of emotional labour (52.3%), particularly ‘To feel and express the positive emotions generated by a pleasant situation’, and three active forms (47.7%), especially ‘To master the negative emotions generated by an unpleasant situation’. These forms of emotional labour emerged from four categories of positive inducers (55.9%), particularly ‘Teachers' successful interventions with students’, and from four categories of negative inducers (44.1%), especially ‘Students' displays of aggressiveness’. Statistical analysis highlighted a strong association between passive forms and positive inducers, and between active forms and negative inducers. These results are discussed in relation to the specificities of teaching in special needs education.