bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple spectral algorithm for recovering planted partitions
Authors: Cole Sam , Friedland Shmuel , Reyzin Lev 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we consider the planted partition model, in which n = ks vertices of a random graph are partitioned into k “clusters,” each of size s. Edges between vertices in the same cluster and different clusters are included with constant probability p and q, respectively (where 0 ≤ q < p ≤ 1). We give an efficient algorithm that, with high probability, recovers the clusters as long as the cluster sizes are are least (√n). Informally, our algorithm constructs the projection operator onto the dominant k-dimensional eigenspace of the graph’s adjacency matrix and uses it to recover one cluster at a time. To our knowledge, our algorithm is the first purely spectral algorithm which runs in polynomial time and works even when s = Θ (√n), though there have been several non-spectral algorithms which accomplish this. Our algorithm is also among the simplest of these spectral algorithms, and its proof of correctness illustrates the usefulness of the Cauchy integral formula in this domain.
Independent conditional clauses with argumentative function in Dutch
Authors: D’Hertefelt Sarah , Van linden An 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study offers an analysis of independent conditional clauses (ICCs) that are used with argumentative functions in spoken Dutch. ICCs are used as arguments when they serve to motivate the speaker’s implied standpoint regarding a preceding propositional content, termed the trigger. Two basic types of argumentative ICCs can be distinguished, which are termed “direct” and “indirect” arguments. Direct arguments express a contextually given premise on the basis of which a conclusion about the speaker’s standpoint regarding a preceding trigger can be drawn. Indirect arguments, by contrast, express a condition that – if it had held – would have warranted the conclusion, but its counterfactual interpretation resulting from hypothetical backshift signals that the speaker knows that this condition is
Towards clathrates. 2. The frozen states of hydration of tert-butanol
Authors: Dobrzycki Lukasz 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A new crystal structure of tert-butanol and water crystallizing as the decahydrate is reported. The crystallization of the mixture in the desired molar ratio was performed in a capillary placed directly on a goniometer of a single crystal diffractometer at 200 K and ambient pressure using focused IR laser radiation. The crystals were grown while the melting zone formed by the IR laser was moved along the capillary. Usually the crystallization process should be long enough (hours) in order to obtain a good quality single crystal. However, in the case of tert-butanol decahydrate, such a long process led to separation of the ice and alcohol. Only fast crystallization taking tens of seconds allowed crystallization of the desired crystalline phase. In the decahydrate tert-butanol molecules are located in channels formed by water molecules. Hydroxyl groups are anchored to the water framework via hydrogen bonds. All water molecules in the structure have hydrogen atoms disordered equally over two sites; the hydroxyl group is likewise disordered. This effect is observed at both, 200 K and 100 K. Raman spectra recorded for the crystalline phase suggest dynamic disorder at higher temperature, converting to static at lower T. The decahydrate of tert-butanol, together with already known its di- and hepta-hydrates, display similar features to those observed for series of tert-butylamine hydrates. The latter structures behave as frozen steps of amine hydration observed as crystal structures leading, at maximum dilution, to hexagonal ice. Hydrates of tert-butanol nicely follow this tendency completing the relationship found for the tert-butylamine: water system.
Synthesis and biological activities of new bis-indole derivatives via microwave irradiation
Authors: Halawa Ahmed H. , Bedair Ahmed H. , El-Agrody Ahmed M. , Eliwa Essam M. , Frese Marcel , Sewald Norbert , Shaaban Mohamed 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Three new series of bis-indole derivatives were synthesized based on p-phenylenediamine (2–4, 5 and 6) and 4,4′-ethylenedianiline moieties (7–9) using facile and efficient condensation of three positional isomeric indole-carboxaldehyde derivatives (1a–c) with bifunctional amines upon microwave irradiation. The symmetric dimeric indole derivatives 2–4 as well as non-symmetric analogues 5 and 6 were obtained by in situ condensation of the respective positional 3-, 2- and 5-isomeric indole-carboxaldehydes with p-phenylenediamine, while compounds 7–9 resulted from respective condensation based on 4,4′-ethylenedianiline. Structures of the obtained compounds were deduced by advanced spectroscopic methods (1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS). In agar diffusion assay, derivative 6 showed moderate antibacterial activity against various Gram positive and negative bacteria, while derivative 7 displayed moderate activity against several Gram positive bacteria. However, in Resazurin assay employing the human cervix carcinoma cell line (KB-3-1), derivatives 2–9 turned out to be inactive.
Discovery of a Unique Sinusoidal Frequency for the Effective Magnetic Treatment of Brackish Water
Authors: Dehghan Tayebeh , Falamaki Cavus 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Magnetic treatment of aqueous solutions containing dissolved CaCO3 is known to affect its precipitation exerted by heating or raising the pH of the solution. In this work, experiments have been performed on two kinds of water: (a) a simulated water containing only CaCO3 as dissolved salt and (b) a real brackish water sample of high total hardness from an industrial area containing a wide range of impurity salts. It has been discovered for the first time that using a sinusoidal magnetic field, treatment at a frequency of ca. 150 kHz (for a range of 0–1000 kHz) results in the maximum calcite precipitation independent of the initial water composition. The discovered phenomenon could be explained based on the resonance taking place due to the synchronization of the induced magnetic field with the proton exchange rate of water molecules.
Male and Female Mice Lacking Neuroligin-3 Modify the Behavior of Their Wild-Type Littermates
Authors: Kalbassi Shireene , Bachmann Sven O. , Cross Ellen , Roberton Victoria H. , Baudouin Stéphane J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn most mammals, including humans, the postnatal acquisition of normal social and nonsocial behavior critically depends on interactions with peers. Here we explore the possibility that mixed-group housing of mice carrying a deletion ofNlgn3, a gene associated with autism spectrum disorders, and their wild-type littermates induces changes in each other’s behavior. We have found that, when raised together, maleNlgn3knockout mice and their wild-type littermates displayed deficits in sociability. Moreover, social submission in adult maleNlgn3knockout mice correlated with an increase in their anxiety. Re-expression ofNlgn3in parvalbumin-expressing cells in transgenic animals rescued their social behavior and alleviated the phenotype of their wild-type littermates, further indicating that the social behavior ofNlgn3knockout mice has a direct and measurable impact on wild-type animals’ behavior. Finally, we showed that, unlike male mice, female mice lackingNlgn3were insensitive to their peers’ behavior but modified the social behavior of their littermates. Altogether, our findings show that the environment is a critical factor in the development of behavioral phenotypes in transgenic and wild-type mice. In addition, these results reveal that the social environment has a sexually dimorphic effect on the behavior of mice lackingNlgn3, being more influential in males than females.
Heterogeneity in Kv2 Channel Expression Shapes Action Potential Characteristics and Firing Patterns in CA1 versus CA2 Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons
Authors: Palacio Stephanie , Chevaleyre Vivien , Brann David H. , Murray Karl D. , Piskorowski Rebecca A. , Trimmer James S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe CA1 region of the hippocampus plays a critical role in spatial and contextual memory, and has well-established circuitry, function and plasticity. In contrast, the properties of the flanking CA2 pyramidal neurons (PNs), important for social memory, and lacking CA1-like plasticity, remain relatively understudied. In particular, little is known regarding the expression of voltage-gated K+(Kv) channels and the contribution of these channels to the distinct properties of intrinsic excitability, action potential (AP) waveform, firing patterns and neurotransmission between CA1 and CA2 PNs. In the present study, we used multiplex fluorescence immunolabeling of mouse brain sections, and whole-cell recordings in acute mouse brain slices, to define the role of heterogeneous expression of Kv2 family Kv channels in CA1 versus CA2 pyramidal cell excitability. Our results show that the somatodendritic delayed rectifier Kv channel subunits Kv2.1, Kv2.2, and their auxiliary subunit AMIGO-1 have region-specific differences in expression in PNs, with the highest expression levels in CA1, a sharp decrease at the CA1-CA2 boundary, and significantly reduced levels in CA2 neurons. PNs in CA1 exhibit a robust contribution of Guangxitoxin-1E-sensitive Kv2-based delayed rectifier current to AP shape and after-hyperpolarization potential (AHP) relative to that seen in CA2 PNs. Our results indicate that robust Kv2 channel expression confers a distinct pattern of intrinsic excitability to CA1 PNs, potentially contributing to their different roles in hippocampal network function.
Synergistic Toxicity of Polyglutamine-Expanded TATA-Binding Protein in Glia and Neuronal Cells: Therapeutic Implications for Spinocerebellar Ataxia 17
Authors: Yang Yang , Yang Su , Guo Jifeng , Cui Yiting , Tang Beisha , Li Xiao-Jiang , Li Shihua 
Published: August 2017

Spinocerebellar ataxia 17 (SCA17) is caused by polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat expansion in the TATA-binding protein (TBP) and is among a family of neurodegenerative diseases in which polyQ expansion leads to preferential neuronal loss in the brain. Although previous studies have demonstrated that expression of polyQ-expanded proteins in glial cells can cause neuronal injury via noncell-autonomous mechanisms, these studies investigated animal models that overexpress transgenic mutant proteins. Since glial cells are particularly reactive to overexpressed mutant proteins, it is important to investigate thein vivorole of glial dysfunction in neurodegeneration when mutant polyQ proteins are endogenously expressed. In the current study, we generated two conditional TBP-105Q knock-in mouse models that specifically express mutant TBP at the endogenous level in neurons or in astrocytes. We found that mutant TBP expression in neuronal cells or astrocytes alone only caused mild neurodegeneration, whereas severe neuronal toxicity requires the expression of mutant TBP in both neuronal and glial cells. Coculture of neurons and astrocytes further validated that mutant TBP in astrocytes promoted neuronal injury. We identified activated inflammatory signaling pathways in mutant TBP-expressing astrocytes, and blocking nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling in astrocytes ameliorated neurodegeneration. Our results indicate that the synergistic toxicity of mutant TBP in neuronal and glial cells plays a critical role in SCA17 pathogenesis and that targeting glial inflammation could be a potential therapeutic approach for SCA17 treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMutant TBP with polyglutamine expansion preferentially affects neuronal viability in SCA17 patients. Whether glia, the cells that support and protect neurons, contribute to neurodegeneration in SCA17 remains mostly unexplored. In this study, we provide bothin vivoandin vitroevidence arguing that endogenous expression of mutant TBP in neurons and glia synergistically impacts neuronal survival. Hyperactivated inflammatory signaling pathways, particularly the NF-κB pathway, underlie glia-mediated neurotoxicity. Moreover, blocking NF-κB activity with small chemical inhibitors alleviated such neurotoxicity. Our study establishes glial dysfunction as an important component of SCA17 pathogenesis and suggests targeting glial inflammation as a potential therapeutic approach for SCA17 treatment.
How Auditory Experience Differentially Influences the Function of Left and Right Superior Temporal Cortices
Authors: Twomey Tae , Waters Dafydd , Price Cathy J. , Evans Samuel , MacSweeney Mairéad 
Published: August 2017

To investigate how hearing status, sign language experience, and task demands influence functional responses in the human superior temporal cortices (STC) we collected fMRI data from deaf and hearing participants (male and female), who either acquired sign language early or late in life. Our stimuli in all tasks were pictures of objects. We varied the linguistic and visuospatial processing demands in three different tasks that involved decisions about (1) the sublexical (phonological) structure of the British Sign Language (BSL) signs for the objects, (2) the semantic category of the objects, and (3) the physical features of the objects.Neuroimaging data revealed that in participants who were deaf from birth, STC showed increased activation during visual processing tasks. Importantly, this differed across hemispheres. Right STC was consistently activated regardless of the task whereas left STC was sensitive to task demands. Significant activation was detected in the left STC only for the BSL phonological task. This task, we argue, placed greater demands on visuospatial processing than the other two tasks. In hearing signers, enhanced activation was absent in both left and right STC during all three tasks. Lateralization analyses demonstrated that the effect of deafness was more task-dependent in the left than the right STC whereas it was more task-independent in the right than the left STC. These findings indicate how the absence of auditory input from birth leads to dissociable and altered functions of left and right STC in deaf participants.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThose born deaf can offer unique insights into neuroplasticity, in particular in regions of superior temporal cortex (STC) that primarily respond to auditory input in hearing people. Here we demonstrate that in those deaf from birth the left and the right STC have altered and dissociable functions. The right STC was activated regardless of demands on visual processing. In contrast, the left STC was sensitive to the demands of visuospatial processing. Furthermore, hearing signers, with the same sign language experience as the deaf participants, did not activate the STCs. Our data advance current understanding of neural plasticity by determining the differential effects that hearing status and task demands can have on left and right STC function.
Individual Movement Variability Magnitudes Are Explained by Cortical Neural Variability
Authors: Haar Shlomi , Donchin Opher , Dinstein Ilan 
Published: August 2017

Humans exhibit considerable motor variability even across trivial reaching movements. This variability can be separated into specific kinematic components such as extent and direction that are thought to be governed by distinct neural processes. Here, we report that individual subjects (males and females) exhibit different magnitudes of kinematic variability, which are consistent (within individual) across movements to different targets and regardless of which arm (right or left) was used to perform the movements. Simultaneous fMRI recordings revealed that the same subjects also exhibited different magnitudes of fMRI variability across movements in a variety of motor system areas. These fMRI variability magnitudes were also consistent across movements to different targets when performed with either arm. Cortical fMRI variability in the posterior–parietal cortex of individual subjects explained their movement–extent variability. This relationship was apparent only in posterior-parietal cortex and not in other motor system areas, thereby suggesting that individuals with more variable movement preparation exhibit larger kinematic variability. We therefore propose that neural and kinematic variability are reliable and interrelated individual characteristics that may predispose individual subjects to exhibit distinct motor capabilities.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeural activity and movement kinematics are remarkably variable. Although intertrial variability is rarely studied, here, we demonstrate that individual human subjects exhibit distinct magnitudes of neural and kinematic variability that are reproducible across movements to different targets and when performing these movements with either arm. Furthermore, when examining the relationship between cortical variability and movement variability, we find that cortical fMRI variability in parietal cortex of individual subjects explained their movement extent variability. This enabled us to explain why some subjects performed more variable movements than others based on their cortical variability magnitudes.
Disruption of M1 Activity during Performance Plateau Impairs Consolidation of Motor Memories
Authors: Hamel Raphaël , Trempe Maxime , Bernier Pierre-Michel 
Published: August 2017

Upon exposure to a new sensorimotor relationship, motor behaviors iteratively change early in adaptation but eventually stabilize as adaptation proceeds. Behavioral work suggests that motor memory consolidation is initiated upon the attainment of asymptotic levels of performance. Separate lines of evidence point to a critical role of the primary motor cortex (M1) in consolidation. However, a causal relationship between M1 activity during asymptote and consolidation has yet to be demonstrated. The present study investigated this issue in male and female participants using single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to interfere with postmovement activity in M1 in two behavioral phases of a ramp-and-hold visuomotor adaptation paradigm. TMS was either provided after each trial of the ramp phase of adaptation when a gradual increase in the visuomotor rotation caused movements to be changing, or after each trial of the hold phase of adaptation when the rotation was held constant and movements tended to stabilize. Consolidation was assessed by measuring performance on the same task 24 h later. Results revealed that TMS did not influence adaptation to the new visuomotor relationship in either condition. Critically, however, TMS disruption of M1 activity selectively impaired consolidation of motor memories when it was provided during the hold phase of adaptation. This effect did not take place when TMS was delivered over adjacent dorsal premotor cortex or when motor behaviors in late adaptation were prevented from plateauing. Together, these data suggest that the impaired consolidation stemmed from interference with mechanisms of repetition-dependent plasticity in M1.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe present work demonstrates that TMS disruption of M1 activity impairs the consolidation of motor memories selectively when performance reaches asymptotic levels during sensorimotor adaptation. These findings provide evidence for a causal contribution of M1 to motor memory formation when movements tend to repeat, likely through mechanisms of repetition-dependent plasticity.
Delayed risk stratification system in pT1aN0/Nx DTC patients treated without radioactive iodine
Authors: Gąsior-Perczak Danuta , Pałyga Iwona , Szymonek Monika , Kowalik Artur , Walczyk Agnieszka , Kopczyński Janusz , Lizis-Kolus Katarzyna , Słuszniak Anna , Słuszniak Janusz , Łopatyński Tomasz , Mężyk Ryszard , Góźdź Stanisław , Kowalska Aldona 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Delayed risk stratification (DRS) system by Momesso and coworkers was accepted by the American Thyroid Association as a diagnostic tool for the risk stratification of unfavorable clinical outcomes and to monitor the clinical outcomes of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients treated without radioactive iodine (RAI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the DRS system in patients with pT1aN0/Nx stage.

Methods
The study included 304 low-risk patients after thyroidectomy (n = 202) or lobectomy (n = 102) without RAI and were treated at a single center. The median age was 50.5 years, 91.1% were women and the median follow-up was 4 years. DRS of the treatment response was performed based on medical records and according to the criteria of Momesso and coworkers. Disease course (recurrence, death) and status (remission, persistent disease) on December 31, 2016 were evaluated. The relationship between unfavorable outcomes and the DRS system was evaluated.

Results
Response to initial therapy was excellent in 272 patients (89.5%), indeterminate in 31 (10.2%) and biochemical incomplete (increased TgAb levels) in one (0.3%). Two patients in the excellent response group experienced recurrence at 6 and 7 years of follow-up (after lobectomy). None of the patients with indeterminate and biochemical incomplete response developed structural disease, and none of the patients died during the follow-up.

Conclusions
The DRS system was not useful for predicting the risk of unfavorable clinical outcomes and cannot be used to personalize the monitoring method of the disease in patients at pT1aN0/Nx stage who are not treated with RAI.
The number of parathyroid glands preserved during thyroidectomy and relationship between hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Sidhic Kummankandath Abbas , Hisham Yousef , Nabeel Thommil Padinjarenalakath , Ali Abid Karat Prambil 
Published: August 2017

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the number of parathyroid glands that need to be preserved to prevent hypoparathyroidism and to understand the relation between the number of parathyroid glands preserved and hypoparathyroidism.Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 350 patients who had undergone trans cervical total thyroidectomy with or without neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma between July 2010 to August 2015.Results: Incidental parathyroidectomy occurred in 19.1% of patients, one parathyroid gland in 17.8%, two in 2% and 3 in 0.5%. Transient hypoparathyroidism increased when incidental parathyroidectomy occurred on multivariate regression analysis, but it was not influenced by the actual number of parathyroid glands removed. There was no relationship between the number of parathyroid glands preserved and hypoparathyroidism.Conclusions: It is not compulsorily required to prevent permanent hypoparathyroidism, but the preservation of all the four parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy decreases the incidence of transient hypoparathyroidism. When auto transplantation is not performed, to prevent permanent hypoparathyroidism, preserving at least one parathyroid gland with an intact blood supply is sufficient.
EDUCAÇÃO DAS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Lima Daniela Da Costa Britto Pereira , Lopes Rego Thabyta 
Published: August 2017

<p>Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de compreender e analisar as repercussões da implementação das leis n°10.639/03 e n°11.645/08 em ações pedagógicas desenvolvidas e registradas em instituições de Educação Infantil numa Rede Municipal de Educação. Desta forma, realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa do tipo bibliográfica e documental. Apresentou-se o percurso histórico e legal da educação infantil e das relações étnico-raciais para analisar sistematizações de projetos institucionais, projetos de trabalho e relatórios mensais das instituições participantes da pesquisa. Os dados analisados mostraram que as instituições têm realizado progressos na promoção da educação das relações étnico-raciais, porém, sinalizam a necessidade de formação para que os profissionais possam qualificar ainda mais as ações pedagógicas realizadas. </p>