bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online HIV awareness and technology affordance benefits for black female collegians — maybe not: the case of stigma
Authors: Payton Fay Cobb , Kvasny Lynette 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Objective: We investigate the technology affordances associated with and anticipated from an online human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention awareness platform, myHealthImpactNetwork, intended to reach black female college students. This population is at increased risk for HIV transmission, but is not often studied. In addition, this population regularly uses digital tools, including Web sites and social media platforms, to engage in health information seeking.
Materials and Methods: We conducted 11 focus groups with 60 black female college students attending 2 universities in the United States. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using content analyses.
Results: Contrary to our proposition, the participants’ information needs did not align with the anticipated benefits associated with the technology affordances of the prevention awareness platform. Concerns about personal online social capital, reputation management, and stigma limited participants’ willingness to engage with the HIV prevention content on the website.
Discussion: Although the participants use digital tools as a primary means of becoming informed about health, concerns that friends, family, and others in their social networks would assume that they were HIV infected limited their willingness to engage with myHealthImpactNetwork. Print media and conversations with health care professionals were preferred channels for obtaining HIV prevention information.
Conclusions: Perceptions of stigma associated with HIV negatively impact health information seeking and sharing in the online social networks in which black college students engage. However, by understanding the unanticipated consequences, researchers can effectively design for cultures and subcultures infected and affected by health disparities.
Concurrent Systemic Chemoimmunotherapy and Sofosbuvir-Based Antiviral Treatment in a Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Patient With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Ewers Evan C. , Shah Phalgoon A. , Carmichael Mark G. , Ferguson Tomas M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with the development of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. For aggressive lymphomas, such as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), treatment of HCV infection is typically deferred in treatment-naive patients until after completion of lymphoma therapy [1, 2]. We report a case of HCV-associated stage IV DLBCL successfully treated concurrently using chemoimmunotherapy and a sofosbuvir-based antiviral regimen.
Advancing Women’s Health and Women’s Leadership With Endowed Chairs in Women’s Health
Authors: Carnes Molly , Johnson Paula , Klein Wendy , Jenkins Marjorie , Bairey Merz C. Noel 
Published: October 2016

Gender-based bias and conflation of gender and status are root causes of disparities in women’s health care and the slow advancement of women to leadership in academic medicine. More than a quarter of women physicians train in internal medicine and its subspecialties, and women physicians almost exclusively constitute the women’s health focus within internal medicine. Thus, internal medicine has considerable opportunity to develop women leaders in academic medicine and promote women’s health equity.
To probe whether holding an endowed chair—which confers status—in women’s health may be an effective way to advance women leaders in academic medicine and women’s health, the authors explored the current status of endowed chairs in women’s health in internal medicine. They found that the number of these endowed chairs in North America increased from 7 in 2013 to 19 in 2015, and all were held by women. The perceptions of incumbents and other women’s health leaders supported the premise that an endowed chair in women’s health would increase women’s leadership, the institutional stature of women’s health, and activities in women’s health research, education, and clinical care.
Going forward, it will be important to explore why not all recipients perceived that the endowed chair enhanced their own academic leadership, whether providing women’s health leaders with fundraising expertise fosters future success in increasing the number of women’s health endowed chairs, and how the conflation of gender and status play out (e.g., salary differences between endowed chairs) as the number of endowed chairs in women’s health increases.
An Aggressive Primary Cutaneous Follicle Center Lymphoma With c-MYC Translocation and CDKN2A (9p21) Deletion: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Tsang Hamilton C. , Mathew Susan , Magro Cynthia M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:
Diffuse large cell B-cell lymphoma of the skin is most commonly represented by diffuse large cell variants of primary cutaneous follicle center lymphoma and the leg-type lymphoma. In a minority of cases, the infiltrates are an expression of stage 4 disease of established extracutaneous B-cell lymphoma. We describe 1 female patient 85 years of age with an aggressive form of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma manifesting in multiple firm erythematous indurated solid nodules 1–2 cm each symmetrically on the face periorbitally and on the upper extremities bilaterally. The tumor was a de novo presentation of this aggressive form of lymphoma. The disease demonstrated an aggressive course with only transient improvement of skin lesions after chemotherapy. Punch biopsy taken from a left arm skin lesion showed a diffuse and nodular large cell lymphocytic infiltrate in the 15–20 μm range exhibiting round to oval nuclei and prominent eosinophilic nucleoli. Phenotypically, the tumor cells were CD10, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, and CD43 positive with a residuum of a follicular dendritic cell network revealed by CD21 staining. There was c-MYC rearrangement and CDKN2A deletion in this sample. The importance in reporting this case is to emphasize that in the context of primary cutaneous B-cell lymphoma, the 9p21 deletion while characteristic of the leg-type lymphoma is not a unique signature of the leg-type lymphoma and is not exclusionary to lymphomas falling under the designation of follicle center lymphoma. As with the leg-type lymphoma, however, this cytogenetic abnormality is a critical determinant to a more aggressive clinical course.
Anogenital Mammary-Like Glands: A Study of Their Normal Histology With Emphasis on Glandular Depth, Presence of Columnar Epithelial Cells, and Distribution of Elastic Fibers
Authors: Konstantinova Anastasia M. , Kyrpychova Liubov , Belousova Irena E. , Spagnolo Dominic V. , Kacerovska Denisa , Michal Michal , Kerl Katrin , Kazakov Dmitry V. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:
The normal histology of anogenital mammary-like glands (AGMLG) has been studied previously, but some aspects, including glandular depth, presence of columnar epithelium resembling columnar cell change/hyperplasia as defined in mammary pathology, and distribution of elastic fibers, have not been previously investigated. To address these issues, we studied 148 AGMLG identified in 133 paraffin blocks sampled from 64 vulvar wide excision or vulvectomy specimens (64 patients, various indications for surgery). The depth of AGMLG ranged from 0.64 to 3.9 mm. Epithelial columnar cell change was noted in 33.1% of all AGMLG, whereas columnar cell hyperplasia was detected in 10.1%. Occasionally, combinations of cuboidal epithelium and columnar cell change were seen within 1 histological section. Of 22 specimens stained for elastic fibers, in only 6 (27.3%) cases were elastic fibers found around glands. Periductal elastic fibers were demonstrated around 3 of the only 5 ducts, which were available for analysis in slides stained for elastic fibers. The depth of AGMLG should be taken into account when planning topical and surgical therapies for lesions derived or evolving from AGMLG. Alterations identical to columnar cell change may represent a normal variation of AGMLG.
Occlusive Nonvasculitic Vasculopathy
Authors: Llamas-Velasco Mar , Alegría Victoria , Santos-Briz Ángel , Cerroni Lorenzo , Kutzner Heinz , Requena Luis 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:We review the most characteristic clinical and histopathologic findings of the cutaneous manifestations of the occlusive nonvasculitic vasculopathic disorders. Clinically, most of these conditions are characterized by retiform purpura. Histopathologic findings consist of occlusion of the vessel lumina with no vasculitis. Different disorders may produce nonvasculitic occlusive vasculopathy in cutaneous blood and lymphatic vessels, including embolization due to cholesterol and oxalate emboli, cutaneous intravascular metastasis from visceral malignancies, atrial myxomas, intravascular angiosarcoma, intralymphatic histiocytosis, intravascular lymphomas, endocarditis, crystal globulin vasculopathy, hypereosinophilic syndrome, and foreign material. Other times, the occlusive disorder is due to platelet pugging, including heparin necrosis, thrombocytosis secondary to myeloproliferative disorders, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. Occlusive vasculopathy may also appear in cold-related gelling agglutination, like that occurring in cryofibrinogenemia, cryoglobulinemia, cold agglutinin syndrome, and crystalglobulinemia. Microorganisms may also occlude the vessels lumina and this is especially frequent in ecthyma gangrenosum, opportunistic fungi as aspergillosis or fusariosis, Lucio phenomenon of lepromatous leprosy and disseminated strongyloidiasis. Systemic coagulopathies due to defects of C and S proteins, coumarin/warfarin-induced skin necrosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and antiphospholipid antibody/lupus anticoagulant syndrome may also result in occlusive nonvasculitic vasculopathy. Finally, vascular coagulopathies such as Sneddon syndrome, livedoid vasculopathy, and atrophic papulosis may also cause occlusion of the vessels of the dermis and/or subcutis. Histopathologic study of occlusive vasculopathic lesions is the first step to achieve an accurate diagnosis, and they should be correlated with clinical history, physical examination, and laboratory findings to reach a final diagnosis.
p53 Is a Helpful Marker in Distinguishing Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis From Langerhans Cell Hyperplasia
Authors: Grace Shane A. , Sutton Angela M. , Armbrecht Eric S. , Vidal Claudia I. , Rosman Ilana S. , Hurley Maria Y. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a proliferative disorder of Langerhans cells that can be challenging to distinguish histologically from Langerhans cell (LC) hyperplasia, seen in a variety of inflammatory dermatoses. Lesional cells in both entities demonstrate positive staining for CD1a and S100. Previous studies have demonstrated positive staining of fascin, CD31, and p53 in cases of LCH, but currently, no studies have compared the staining profiles of these markers between LCH and LC hyperplasia. The authors compared immunohistochemical staining profiles of LCH (n = 15) and various inflammatory dermatoses with LC hyperplasia (n = 15) using fascin, CD31, and p53. Fascin, CD31, and p53 were graded as a percentage of CD1a staining cells in the epidermis and dermis of each specimen. Fascin showed no significant differences in staining between the 2 entities. CD31 was positive in the dermal infiltrate in 40% of cases of LCH and negative in all cases of LC hyperplasia. p53 was positive in the epidermal infiltrate in 50% of cases of LCH, and positive in the dermal infiltrate in 93% of cases of LCH, whereas negative in all cases of LC hyperplasia. Fascin was not a helpful marker in distinguishing LCH from LC hyperplasia. CD31, if positive in the dermal infiltrate, is suggestive of a diagnosis of LCH, but exhibits a relatively low sensitivity for this purpose. p53 proved to be a helpful and accurate diagnostic immunohistochemical stain when distinguishing between LCH and LC hyperplasia.
A Case of Plasma Cell Granuloma Located on the Gingiva
Authors: Akdoğan Neslihan , Yalçın Başak , Gür Aksoy Güneş , Tuna Elvan Evrim , Ünal Devrim Tuba 
Published: October 2016

Abstract:
Plasma cell granuloma (PCG) is an uncommon benign tumor of unknown etiology, primarily located in the lungs. We report a case of PCG on the gingiva mimicking benign and malignant tumors in a 56-year-old woman. Histopathological examination revealed a relatively sharp circumscribed inflammatory cell infiltration under the mucosa-containing plasma cells, predominantly those including Russell bodies. Plasma cells are stained by CD138 immunohistochemistry. Polyclonal status of the lesion was confirmed by kappa and lambda light chaining. The typical histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in combination with the clinical features were consistent with PCG, about which the literature reports very few cases.
OUTCOMES OF AN INTRAVITREAL INJECTION CLINIC
Authors: Atchison Elizabeth A. , Omar Ahmed F. , Iezzi Raymond , Barkmeier Andrew J. , Bakri Sophie J. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
To examine the safety outcomes of an intravitreal injection-only clinic where patients needing long-term anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy are treated with injections at a predetermined interval for a set number of injections without an accompanying clinic visit.

Methods:
This is a retrospective chart review of all patients with exudative macular degeneration treated in an intravitreal injection clinic over a 4-year period. Data on the outcome measures of interest were gathered from electronic medical records.

Results:
There were 556 patients who received 4,386 injections in the injection-only clinic in a total of 1,524 injection cycles. One hundred six cycles were interrupted. The most common causes for interruption were decreased vision in the injected eye (32), decreased vision in the fellow eye (23), flashing lights (6), pain (5), and irritation in the noninjected eye (2). Of patients who had interruption of the cycle, 32 had a new diagnosis (6 corneal abrasions, 6 exudative age-related macular degeneration in fellow eye). There were six instances of conversion to exudative age-related macular degeneration found in the other eye at a routine follow-up visit following the injection clinic.

Conclusion:
An injection-only clinic may provide a reasonable approach to streamline retina practices to ensure that patients receive timely injections.
TREATMENT OF MACULAR FOLDS COMPLICATING RETINAL DETACHMENT SURGERY USING AIR FOR RETINAL UNFOLDING
Authors: Barale Pierre-Olivier , Mora Paolo , Errera Marie-Hélène , Ores Raphaëlle , Pâques Michel , Sahel José-Alain 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
We discuss a modified surgical procedure for the treatment of macular folds complicating retinal reattachment surgery.

Methods:
To facilitate the completion of the macular redetachment and the subsequent unrolling of the fold, we propose the subretinal injection, in addition to the conventional balanced salt solution, of filtered air as an original approach. In the presence of a subretinal air bubble, the action of gravity on the perfluorocarbon liquid in the vitreous cavity combined with an active globe manipulation proved to be very effective for flattening the central retina. Short-term tamponade with gas was successful at stabilizing the result.

Results:
This technique has been used to treat symptomatic macular fold after surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in 3 consecutive eyes since 2014. Flattening of the macula with progressive visual recovery was achieved in all cases by the end of follow-up.

Conclusion:
Direct injection of air into the macular fold may represent an effective strategy to enhance the surgical management of such a vision-threatening complication. Air also minimizes the risks related to the forceful injection of fluid under the macula. An overview of recently reported surgical techniques is included, along with a brief discussion.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY SHOWS INNER CHOROIDAL ISCHEMIA IN ACUTE POSTERIOR MULTIFOCAL PLACOID PIGMENT EPITHELIOPATHY
Authors: Dolz-Marco Rosa , Sarraf David , Giovinazzo Vincent , Freund K. Bailey 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
To describe multimodal imaging findings of an evolving case of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy occurring in a young healthy male.

Methods:
Case report of a patient with acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy including comprehensive systemic and ocular examinations. Ultra-widefield autofluorescence, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and serial optical coherence tomography angiography were performed.

Results:
A 34-year-old male presented with acute vision loss in his left eye for 2 weeks. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in his right eye and 20/200 in his left eye. Dilated funduscopic examination revealed multiple creamy white deep retinal lesions showing macular involvement of the left eye with a diffuse area of pigmentary changes. The presence of multiple areas of hypoperfusion of the inner choroid were demonstrated with fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography. Serial optical coherence tomography angiography showed multiple evolving areas of decreased flow at the level of the inner choroid.

Conclusion:
Although the pathogenesis of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy remains unknown, there is growing evidence of a primary choroidal involvement with secondary damage to the overlying retinal pigment epithelium and the outer retinal layers. Optical coherence tomography angiography may provide valuable information for the diagnosis and follow-up of this condition avoiding invasive angiographic procedures.
The persistence of the effects of acupuncture after a course of treatment: a meta-analysis of patients with chronic pain
Authors: MacPherson H. , Vertosick E.A. , Foster N.E. , Lewith G. , Linde K. , Sherman K.J. , Witt C.M. , Vickers A.J. ,   On behalf of the Acupuncture Trialists' Collaboration
Published: October 2016

Abstract
There is uncertainty regarding how long the effects of acupuncture treatment persist after a course of treatment. We aimed to determine the trajectory of pain scores over time after acupuncture, using a large individual patient data set from high-quality randomized trials of acupuncture for chronic pain. The available individual patient data set included 29 trials and 17,922 patients. The chronic pain conditions included musculoskeletal pain (low back, neck, and shoulder), osteoarthritis of the knee, and headache/migraine. We used meta-analytic techniques to determine the trajectory of posttreatment pain scores. Data on longer term follow-up were available for 20 trials, including 6376 patients. In trials comparing acupuncture to no acupuncture control (wait-list, usual care, etc), effect sizes diminished by a nonsignificant 0.011 SD per 3 months (95% confidence interval: −0.014 to 0.037, P = 0.4) after treatment ended. The central estimate suggests that approximately 90% of the benefit of acupuncture relative to controls would be sustained at 12 months. For trials comparing acupuncture to sham, we observed a reduction in effect size of 0.025 SD per 3 months (95% confidence interval: 0.000-0.050, P = 0.050), suggesting approximately a 50% diminution at 12 months. The effects of a course of acupuncture treatment for patients with chronic pain do not seem to decrease importantly over 12 months. Patients can generally be reassured that treatment effects persist. Studies of the cost-effectiveness of acupuncture should take our findings into account when considering the time horizon of acupuncture effects. Further research should measure longer term outcomes of acupuncture.
Can Down-gaze During Near Work Cause Peripheral Deprivation in Asian Eyes?
Authors: Xu Renfeng , Wang Huachun , Jiang Feng , Xue Chunyan , Huang Zhenping , Bradley Arthur 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
We hypothesize that the typically narrower palpebral apertures of East Asian eyes in combination with the narrowing of this aperture during down-gaze combine to reduce light levels and image contrast in the inferior retina during near work, thus creating peripheral deprivation in these eyes that could generate deprivation myopia in children culturally encouraged to perform near work.

Methods
We photographed the right eyes of 53 Chinese children during down-gaze (from 10 to 40 degrees) from the fixation point and the primary gaze position. From these images, we determined the size and shape of the effective foveal and superior field entrance pupil at different down-gaze angles. By using an eye model with typical levels of off-axis higher-order aberrations, we quantified the impact of eyelid and eyelash vignetting of the pupil on both retinal illuminance and image quality using Visual Strehl Ratio (VSOTF), and the non-visually weighted Strehl Ratio (SROTF).

Results
The effective aperture for the superior visual field is vignetted during down-gaze by lids and lashes, producing reductions in retinal illuminance of 30% and >60% at 20 and 40 degrees, respectively. However, the aperture vignetting effect on peripheral image modulation is small, with neural and aberration changes dominating image quality in the superior field during down-gaze.

Conclusions
Occlusion of the pupil by eyelid and eyelashes during down-gaze is unlikely to produce significant superior field deprivation in East Asian eyes.
Cerebral Air Embolism
Authors: Roquero Leonardo Pacheco , Camelo-Piragua Sandra , Schmidt Carl 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Cerebral air embolism is a recognized life-threatening complication, sometimes iatrogenic. Its timely diagnosis is essential because it can result in neurologic deficits or death. We report a case of a 58-year-old man who died from cerebral air embolism diagnosed by nonenhanced computed tomography scan of the head after a cardiac bypass surgery with Biventricular Assist Device and multiple vascular line placements. Autopsy revealed extensive subcutaneous emphysema, intravascular and perivascular air bubbles in the central nervous system and associated cerebral and cerebellar hemorrhagic infarction. The autopsy was helpful in documenting the extent of the air embolism and its appearance in soft tissue and central nervous system.