bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric comparison between helical tomotherapy and intensity‐modulated radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Gu Qing , Lai Xiao‐jing , Yang Shuang‐yan , Feng Wei , Lin Xiao , Yu Xiao‐fu , Zheng Xiao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of different radiotherapy techniques – tomotherapy (TOMO) and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) – for patients with esophageal carcinoma on the basis of dosimetric analysis.MethodsThe target areas and organs at risk in 10 patients with esophageal carcinoma were underlined and transmitted to the Raystation and TOMO planning systems. The homogeneity index (HI) and conformal index (CI) values, and dose distributions to organs at risk were compared on the basis of dose–volume histograms parameters.ResultsThe median of HI of gross planning target volume by TOMO (HI = 0.0575) showed superior homogeneity dose distribution compared with the IMRT technique (HI = 0.0735, P = 0.047). The median of CI of planning target volume by TOMO (CI = 0.785) showed improved conformity of dose distribution compared with IMRT (CI = 0.6825, P = 0.009). The median of the maximum dose to planning gross tumor volume (PGTV) and planning target volume by TOMO was significantly decreased compared with IMRT. The median of total lung doses, total heart doses, and maximum doses to the spinal cord were all significantly reduced by TOMO compared with IMRT.ConclusionsCompared with IMRT, TOMO could provide better conformal target coverage, more homogeneity dose distribution, and significantly decreased the radiation dose to the lungs, heart, and spinal cord.
The Use of Perturbation Methods for the Study of the Effects of Configuration Interaction
Authors: CLAVERIE P. , DINER S. , MALRIEU J. P. 
Published: September 2017

A variant (here after called Epstein‐Nesbet) of Rayleigh‐Schrödinger perturbation treatment, corresponding to a new definition of the zeroth‐order Hamiltonian leads to a faster convergence than the usual partition (here after called Møller‐Plesset) of the exact Hamiltonian, when applied to the correlation problem. An illustration is given for the π system of the butadiene molecule. Some remarks are proposed concerning the convergence rate after the third order.On décrit une variante (appellée ici Epstein‐Nesbet) de la méthode des perturbations de Rayleigh‐Schrödinger, qui correspond à une nouvelle définition de l'Hamiltonien d'ordre zéro, et qui donne pour le problème de corrélation une convergence plus rapide que la partition ordinaire (appellée ici Møller‐Plesset). On en donne une illustration pour le système π de la molécule de butadiène. On fait enfin quelques remarques sur la rapidité de convergence après le troisième ordre.Es wird eine Variante (hier Epstein‐Nesbet genannt) der Rayleigh‐Schrödingerschen Störungsmethode beschrieben, die eine neue Definition des Hamiltonoperators nullter Ordnung entspricht, and die zu einer schnelleren Konvergenz für das Korrelationsproblem als die gewöhnliche Teilung (hier Møller‐Plesset genannt) des exakten Hamiltonoperators, führt. Eine Illustration wird für das π‐System des Butadienmoleküls gegeben. Schliesslich wird die Konvergenzgeschwindigkeit nach der dritten Ordnung diskutiert.
Modulation in Photophysical Properties of Fluorescent Imidazole Possessing 1,10‐Phenanthroline on Introduction of Ru(bipy)22+ towards Cation Sensing
Authors: Alreja Priya , Kaur Navneet 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe cation binding affinities of imidazole possessing 1,10‐phenathroline (1) displayed remarkable variations on complexation with Ru(bipy)22+ (2). Both 1 and 2 displayed remarkable fluorescence in DMSO solution. The fluorescence emission intensity of 1 was quenched with several metal ions (Cu2+, Hg2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+). The phenanthroline N's owing to their excellent cation binding affinity would be responsible for this, but the 1:2 stoichiometry as revealed by job's plot pointed towards the participation of imidazole N and O atom of methoxy group of 1. Engaging the phenanthroline N's in metal binding was a step towards selectivity as 2 exhibited quenching with Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions only. 1:1 job's plot analysis for 2 once again ascertained the active involvement of imidazole N and O atom of methoxy group in cation sensing process.
Efficient Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Aromatic Carbonyls over a Nitrogen‐Doped Hierarchical Porous Carbon Supported Nickel Catalyst
Authors: Li Mingming , Deng Jiang , Lan Yikai , Wang Yong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHydrodeoxgenation of ketones or aldehydes allows for efficient transformation of oxygen containing raw materials into value‐added chemicals and biofuels, which calls for efficient but inexpensive alternative catalytic systems. In the present contribution, a nitrogen‐doped hierarchical porous carbon (NHPC) was fabricated in a “leavening” method, functioning as a superior support for the anchoring of highly dispersed Ni nanoparticles (Ni/NHPC with ∼ 6.5 nm Ni nanoparticles). When tested in hydrodeoxygenation of bio‐derived vanillin (4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxybenzaldehyde), this catalyst demonstrated much enhanced catalytic activity as compared to Ni/HPC (HPC means hierarchical porous carbon without nitrogen doping). A direct hydrogenolysis or hydrogenation‐hydrogenolysis reaction mechanism was proposed, which allows the present Ni/NHPC to exert full oxygen removal of a broad set of aromatic substrates with carbonyl or ‐OH at benzylic position. The modified electronic state of nickel interacted with nitrogen dopant and enhanced mass transfer contributed by the hierarchical porous structure of NHPC may be reasons for high reactivity.
Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Nanotube and Graphene‐Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Li Jin‐Cheng , Hou Peng‐Xiang , Liu Chang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key step that determines the performance of a variety of energy storage and conversion devices, such as fuel cells and metal–air batteries. Heteroatom‐doped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphenes have attracted increasing interest and hold great promise as efficient ORR catalysts to replace noble‐metal‐based catalysts, owing to their unique structure characteristics, excellent physicochemical properties, low cost, and rich resources. In this review, recent progress on the design, fabrication, and performance of heteroatom‐doped CNT‐ and graphene‐based catalysts is summarized, aiming to provide insights into the working mechanism of these heteroatom‐doped nanocarbons in ORR. The advantages, challenges that remain, and possible solutions of these nanocarbon‐based electrocatalysts are discussed. Finally, future developing trends of the CNT‐ and graphene‐based ORR catalysts are proposed.
Novel Principles and Nanostructuring Methods for Enhanced Thermoelectrics
Authors: Mori Takao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThermoelectrics (TE), the direct solid‐state conversion of waste heat to electricity, is a promising field with potential wide‐scale application for power generation. Intrinsic conflicts in the requirements for high electrical conductivity but (a) low thermal conductivity and (b) a large Seebeck coefficient have made enhancing TE performance difficult. Several recent striking advances in the field are reviewed. In regard to the former conflict, notable bottom‐up nanostructuring methods for phonon‐selective scattering are discovered, namely using nanosheets, dislocations, and most strikingly a process to fabricate nano‐micropores leading to a 100% enhancement in the figure of merit (ZT ≈ 1.6) for rare‐earth‐free skutterudites. Porous materials are hitherto considered as having poor TE performance, so this is a new paradigm. In regard to the latter conflict, nanocomposite materials with hybrid effects and use of magnetism are emerging as novel bottom‐up methods to enhance TE. Material informatics efforts to identify high‐ZT materials are also reviewed.
Ultrathin, Washable, and Large‐Area Graphene Papers for Personal Thermal Management
Authors: Guo Yang , Dun Chaochao , Xu Junwei , Mu Jiuke , Li Peiyun , Gu Liwen , Hou Chengyi , Hewitt Corey A. , Zhang Qinghong , Li Yaogang , Carroll David L. , Wang Hongzhi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFreestanding, flexible/foldable, and wearable bifuctional ultrathin graphene paper for heating and cooling is fabricated as an active material in personal thermal management (PTM). The promising electrical conductivity grants the superior Joule heating for extra warmth of 42 °C using a low supply voltage around 3.2 V. Besides, based on its high out‐of‐plane thermal conductivity, the graphene paper provides passive cooling via thermal transmission from the human body to the environment within 7 s. The cooling effect of graphene paper is superior compared with that of the normal cotton fiber, and this advantage will become more prominent with the increased thickness difference. The present bifunctional graphene paper possesses high durability against bending cycles over 500 times and wash time over 1500 min, suggesting its great potential in wearable PTM.
Radiofrequency ablation of ventricular premature contraction originating from a native coronary cusp after transcatheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Tohoku Shota , Hiroshima Kenichi , Kuramitsu Shoichi , Nagashima Michio , Fukunaga Masato , An Yoshimori , Ando Kenji 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe describe a case of radiofrequency ablation of ventricular premature contraction (VPC) originating from the left ventricular outflow tract after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. The VPC origin was the native aortic valve annulus between the left and right coronary cusps. Radiofrequency ablation was successfully performed by manipulating the ablation catheter from the gap between the sinotubular junction and implanted valve.
Alternative Muslim Modernities: Bosnian Intellectuals in the Ottoman and Habsburg Empires
Authors: Amzi-Erdogdular Leyla 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Habsburg takeover of Ottoman Bosnia Herzegovina (1878–1918) is conventionally considered the entry of this province into the European realm and the onset of its modernization. Treating the transition from one empire to another not as a radical break, but as in many respects continuity, reveals that the imperial context provided for the existence of overlapping affiliations that shaped the means by which modernity was mediated and embodied in the local experience. Drawing on Bosnian and Ottoman sources, this article analyzes Bosnian intellectuals’ conceptions of their particular Muslim modernity in a European context. It comparatively evaluates the ways in which they integrated the modernist discourse that developed in the Ottoman Empire and the broader Muslim world, and how they also contributed to that discourse. I show that their concern with modernity was not abstract but rather focused on concrete solutions that the Muslim modernists developed to challenges in transforming their societies. I argue that we must incorporate Islamic intellectual history, and cross-regional exchanges within it, to understand southeastern Europe's past and present, and that studies of Europe and the Middle East need to look beyond geohistorical and disciplinary divisions.
“I Thought of it at Work, in Ostend”: Urban Artisan Labour and Guild Ideology in the Later Medieval Low Countries
Authors: Dumolyn Jan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFrom the twelfth and certainly from the thirteenth century onwards, a social group of artisans with their own political and economic aspirations can be clearly delineated in Netherlandish towns. Bound through common skilled work, they made up a distinctive group with a self-image and a developing political vision and economic programme. Their “guild ideology” is increasingly clearly expressed in the sources they produced from the fourteenth century onwards as a self-confident group in urban society. Labour, certainly when organized within guild structures, was the cornerstone of community life, cultural experiences, and practical ethics. Even though there were socioeconomic differences among guildsmen and many geographical and chronological variations in the degree of political power they wielded, the ideal of artisan ideology in the late medieval Low Countries was one of a community of brotherly love and charity centred on the value of skilled labour.
Oxic-anoxic regime shifts mediated by feedbacks between biogeochemical processes and microbial community dynamics
Authors: Bush Timothy , Diao Muhe , Allen Rosalind J. , Sinnige Ruben , Muyzer Gerard , Huisman Jef 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlthough regime shifts are known from various ecosystems, the involvement of microbial communities is poorly understood. Here we show that gradual environmental changes induced by, for example, eutrophication or global warming can induce major oxic-anoxic regime shifts. We first investigate a mathematical model describing interactions between microbial communities and biogeochemical oxidation-reduction reactions. In response to gradual changes in oxygen influx, this model abruptly transitions between an oxic state dominated by cyanobacteria and an anoxic state with sulfate-reducing bacteria and phototrophic sulfur bacteria. The model predictions are consistent with observations from a seasonally stratified lake, which shows hysteresis in the transition between oxic and anoxic states with similar changes in microbial community composition. Our results suggest that hysteresis loops and tipping points are a common feature of oxic-anoxic transitions, causing rapid drops in oxygen levels that are not easily reversed, at scales ranging from small ponds to global oceanic anoxic events.
Selective-area growth of single-crystal wurtzite GaN nanorods on SiOx/Si(001) substrates by reactive magnetron sputter epitaxy exhibiting single-mode lasing
Authors: Serban Elena Alexandra , Palisaitis Justinas , Yeh Chia-Cheng , Hsu Hsu-Cheng , Tsai Yu-Lin , Kuo Hao-Chung , Junaid Muhammad , Hultman Lars , Persson Per Ola Åke , Birch Jens , Hsiao Ching-Lien 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSelective-area growth (SAG) of single-crystal wurtzite GaN nanorods (NRs) directly onto Si(001) substrates with un-etched native SiOx amorphous layer, assisted by a patterning TiNx mask fabricated by nanosphere lithography (NSL), has been realized by reactive magnetron sputter epitaxy (MSE). The GaN NRs were grown vertically to the substrate surface with the growth direction along c-axis in the well-defined nano-opening areas. A 5-step structural and morphological evolution of the SAG NRs observed at different sputtering times depicts a comprehensive growth model, listed in sequence as: formation of a polycrystalline wetting layer, predominating c-axis oriented nucleation, coarsening and coalescence of multi-islands, single NR evolution, and finally quasi-equilibrium crystal shape formation. Room-temperature cathodoluminescence spectroscopy shows a strong GaN bandedge emission with a uniform luminescence across the NRs, indicating that the SAG NRs are grown with high quality and purity. In addition, single-longitudinal-mode lasing, attributed to well-faceted NR geometry forming a Fabry–Pérot cavity, was achieved by optical pumping, paving a way for fabricating high-performance laser optoelectronics using MSE.
Biomarkers of inflammation and breast cancer risk: a case-control study nested in the EPIC-Varese cohort
Authors: Agnoli Claudia , Grioni Sara , Pala Valeria , Allione Alessandra , Matullo Giuseppe , Gaetano Cornelia Di , Tagliabue Giovanna , Sieri Sabina , Krogh Vittorio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBreast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death in women. Adipokines, and other inflammation molecules linked to adiposity, are suspected to be involved in breast carcinogenesis, however prospective findings are inconclusive. In a prospective nested case-control study within the EPIC-Varese cohort, we used conditional logistic regression to estimate rate ratios (RRs) for BC, with 95% confidence intervals (CI), in relation to plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6, leptin, and adiponectin, controlling for BC risk factors. After a median 14.9 years, 351 BC cases were identified and matched to 351 controls. No marker was significantly associated with BC risk overall. Significant interactions between menopausal status and CRP, leptin, and adiponectin were found. Among postmenopausal women, high CRP was significantly associated with increased BC risk, and high adiponectin with significantly reduced risk. Among premenopausal women, high TNF-α was associated with significantly increased risk, and high leptin with reduced risk; interleukin-6 was associated with increased risk only in a continuous model. These findings constitute further evidence that inflammation plays a role in breast cancer. Interventions to lower CRP, TNF-α, and interleukin-6 and increase adiponectin levels may contribute to preventing BC.
Quantifying the evidence for co-benefits between species conservation and climate change mitigation in giant panda habitats
Authors: Li Renqiang , Xu Ming , Powers Ryan , Zhao Fen , Jetz Walter , Wen Hui , Sheng Qingkai 
Published: September 2017

AbstractConservationists strive for practical, cost-effective management solutions to forest-based species conservation and climate change mitigation. However, this is compromised by insufficient information about the effectiveness of protected areas in increasing carbon storage, and the co-benefits of species and carbon conservation remain poorly understood. Here, we present the first rigorous quantitative assessment of the roles of giant panda nature reserves (NRs) in carbon sequestration, and explore the co-benefits of habitat conservation and climate change mitigation. Results show that more than 90% of the studied panda NRs are effective in increasing carbon storage, with the mean biomass carbon density of the whole NRs exhibiting a 4.2% higher growth rate compared with lands not declared as NRs over the period 1988–2012, while this effectiveness in carbon storage masks important patterns of spatial heterogeneity across the giant panda habitats. Moreover, the significant associations have been identified between biomass carbon density and panda’s habitat suitability in ~85% NRs and at the NR level. These findings suggest that the planning for carbon and species conservation co-benefits would enhance the greatest return on limited conservation investments, which is a critical need for the giant panda after its conservation status has been downgraded from “endangered” to “vulnerable”.
Intra- and Inter-individual Variability of microRNA Levels in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid: Critical Implications for Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Yoon Hyejin , Belmonte Krystal C. , Kasten Tom , Bateman Randall , Kim Jungsu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs are emerging as promising biomarkers for diagnosis of various diseases. Notably, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains microRNAs that may serve as biomarkers for neurological diseases. However, there has been a lack of consistent findings among CSF microRNAs studies. Although such inconsistent results have been attributed to various technical issues, inherent biological variability has not been adequately considered as a confounding factor. To address this critical gap in our understanding of microRNA variability, we evaluated intra-individual variability of microRNAs by measuring their levels in the CSF from healthy individuals at two time points, 0 and 48 hours. Surprisingly, the levels of most microRNAs were stable between the two time points. This suggests that microRNAs in CSF may be a good resource for the identification of biomarkers. However, the levels of 12 microRNAs (miR-19a-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-23a-3p, miR-25a-3p, miR-99a-5p, miR-101-3p, miR-125b-5p, miR-130a-3p, miR-194-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-223-3p, and miR-451a) were significantly altered during the 48 hours interval. Importantly, miRNAs with variable expression have been identified as biomarkers in previous studies. Our data strongly suggest that these microRNAs may not be reliable biomarkers given their intrinsic variability even within the same individual. Taken together, our results provide a critical baseline resource for future microRNA biomarker studies.
Comparison of phosphorylation and assembly of photosystem complexes and redox homeostasis in two wheat cultivars with different drought resistance
Authors: Chen Yang-Er , Cui Jun-Mei , Su Yan-Qiu , Zhang Chao-Ming , Ma Jie , Zhang Zhong-Wei , Yuan Ming , Liu Wen-Juan , Zhang Huai-Yu , Yuan Shu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractReversible phosphorylation of proteins and the assembly of thylakoid complexes are the important protective mechanism against environmental stresses in plants. This research was aimed to investigate the different responses of the antioxidant defense system and photosystem II (PSII) to osmotic stress between drought-resistant and drought-susceptible wheat cultivars. Results showed that the decrease in PSII photochemistry and six enzyme activities was observed in drought-susceptible wheat compared with drought-resistant wheat under osmotic stress. In addition, a lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell death were found in the resistant wheat compared with the susceptible wheat under osmotic stress. Western blot analysis revealed that osmotic stress led to a remarkable decline in the steady state level of D1 protein in drought-susceptible wheat. However, the CP29 protein was strongly phosphorylated in drought-resistant wheat compared with the susceptible wheat under osmotic stress. Our results also showed that drought-resistant wheat presented higher phosphorylated levels of the light-harvesting complex II (LHCII), D1, and D2 proteins and a more rapid dephosphorylated rate than drought-susceptible wheat under osmotic stress. Furthermore, the PSII-LHCII supercomplexes and LHCII trimers were more rapidly disassembled in drought-susceptible wheat than the drought-resistant wheat under osmotic stress. These findings provide that reversible phosphorylation of thylakoid membrane proteins and assembly of thylakoid membrane complexes play important roles in plant adaptation to environmental stresses.
Contactless and Hassle Free Real Time Heart Rate Measurement with Facial Video
Authors: Singh Shubham , Rathee Neeru , Gupta Harsh , Zamboni Paolo , Singh Ajay 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the era of automation, an automatic and noninvasive tool is required for day-to-day health monitoring. Cardiac pulse being one of the vital physiological parameters has drawn attention of researchers for its measurement. In this article, the authors present an approach for automatic cardiac pulse measurement, using a typical webcam. In the presented approach, face region is detected and RGB traces are retrieved for the face region. FFT is applied on the extracted traces to compute power spectrum of the respective traces. The peaks of the power spectrum limited in the band region (0.75–4 Hz) are investigated to provide cardiac pulse measurement. The presented approach is hassle free in nature, and hence, can be adopted even in home environment. Experimental results represent the efficacy of the proposed approach.