bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundary migration in a 3D deformed microstructure inside an opaque sample
Authors: Zhang Y. B. , Budai J. D. , Tischler J. Z. , Liu W. , Xu R. , Homer E. R. , Godfrey A. , Juul Jensen D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHow boundaries surrounding recrystallization grains migrate through the 3D network of dislocation boundaries in deformed crystalline materials is unknown and critical for the resulting recrystallized crystalline materials. Using X-ray Laue diffraction microscopy, we show for the first time the migration pattern of a typical recrystallization boundary through a well-characterized deformation matrix. The data provide a unique possibility to investigate effects of both boundary misorientation and plane normal on the migration, information which cannot be accessed with any other techniques. The results show that neither of these two parameters can explain the observed migration behavior. Instead we suggest that the subdivision of the deformed microstructure ahead of the boundary plays the dominant role. The present experimental observations challenge the assumptions of existing recrystallization theories, and set the stage for determination of mobilities of recrystallization boundaries.
Enhanced PM2.5 pollution in China due to aerosol-cloud interactions
Authors: Zhao Bin , Liou Kuo-Nan , Gu Yu , Li Qinbin , Jiang Jonathan H. , Su Hui , He Cenlin , Tseng Hsien-Liang R. , Wang Shuxiao , Liu Run , Qi Ling , Lee Wei-Liang , Hao Jiming 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAerosol-cloud interactions (aerosol indirect effects) play an important role in regional meteorological variations, which could further induce feedback on regional air quality. While the impact of aerosol-cloud interactions on meteorology and climate has been extensively studied, their feedback on air quality remains unclear. Using a fully coupled meteorology-chemistry model, we find that increased aerosol loading due to anthropogenic activities in China substantially increases column cloud droplet number concentration and liquid water path (LWP), which further leads to a reduction in the downward shortwave radiation at surface, surface air temperature and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height. The shallower PBL and accelerated cloud chemistry due to larger LWP in turn enhance the concentrations of particulate matter with diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) by up to 33.2 μg m−3 (25.1%) and 11.0 μg m−3 (12.5%) in January and July, respectively. Such a positive feedback amplifies the changes in PM2.5 concentrations, indicating an additional air quality benefit under effective pollution control policies but a penalty for a region with a deterioration in PM2.5 pollution. Additionally, we show that the cloud processing of aerosols, including wet scavenging and cloud chemistry, could also have substantial effects on PM2.5 concentrations.
User adaptation in Myoelectric Man-Machine Interfaces
Authors: Hahne Janne M. , Markovic Marko , Farina Dario 
Published: June 2017

AbstractState of the art clinical hand prostheses are controlled in a simple and limited way that allows the activation of one function at a time. More advanced laboratory approaches, based on machine learning, offer a significant increase in functionality, but their clinical impact is limited, mainly due to lack of reliability. In this study, we analyse two conceptually different machine learning approaches, focusing on their robustness and performance in a closed loop application. A classification (finite number of classes) and a regression (continuous mapping) based projection of EMG into external commands were applied while artificially introducing non-stationarities in the EMG signals. When tested on ten able-bodied individuals and one transradial amputee, the two methods were similarly influenced by non-stationarities when tested offline. However, in online tests, where the user could adapt his muscle activation patterns to the changed conditions, the regression-based approach was significantly less influenced by the changes in signal features than the classification approach. This observation demonstrates, on the one hand, the importance of online tests with users in the loop for assessing the performance of myocontrol approaches. On the other hand, it also demonstrates that regression allows for a better user correction of control commands than classification.
Epidemiology of self-rated health in rural China: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Liu Fangfang , Zhang Chaoting , Liang Yongmei , Deng Qiuju , Hang Dong , Pan Yaqi , Li Xiang , He Zhonghu , Liu Mengfei , Liu Ying , Li Jingjing , Ning Tao , Guo Chuanhai , Xu Ruiping , Zhang Lixin , Cai Hong , Ke Yang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSelf-rated health (SRH) has been shown to be a good predictor of mortality. Data on SRH and its associated factors in the Chinese general population are limited. This study aims to assess the epidemiology of SRH in rural Anyang, China. SRH (categorized as “healthy”, “fair” or “unhealthy”) was measured in a population-based study of 2,814 adults (including 697 couples) aged 25 to 69 who were recruited from rural Anyang in 2014. Of 2,814 subjects, 63.1% rated their health as “healthy”, whereas 28.1% and 8.8% rated their health as “fair” and “unhealthy”. Compared to males, females had a higher likelihood of reporting a better SRH. Health ratings declined with increasing age, unmarried status, lower education levels. Poor SRH was positively correlated with medical history as well as high levels of fasting plasma glucose and total cholesterol, but not with unhealthy lifestyle indicators including smoking, drinking, and obesity. High household income was predictive of better SRH in men but not in women. Among couples, a positive spousal SRH concordance was observed, although the strength of this concordance was low. These findings will be useful for formulation of appropriate strategies for improving risk perception and promoting general health in economically developing regions.
A molecular hypothesis to explain direct and inverse co-morbidities between Alzheimer’s Disease, Glioblastoma and Lung cancer
Authors: Sánchez-Valle Jon , Tejero Héctor , Ibáñez Kristina , Portero José Luis , Krallinger Martin , Al-Shahrour Fátima , Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael , Baudot Anaïs , Valencia Alfonso 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEpidemiological studies indicate that patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease have a lower risk of developing lung cancer, and suggest a higher risk of developing glioblastoma. Here we explore the molecular scenarios that might underlie direct and inverse co-morbidities between these diseases. Transcriptomic meta-analyses reveal significant numbers of genes with inverse patterns of expression in Alzheimer’s disease and lung cancer, and with similar patterns of expression in Alzheimer’s disease and glioblastoma. These observations support the existence of molecular substrates that could at least partially account for these direct and inverse co-morbidity relationships. A functional analysis of the sets of deregulated genes points to the immune system, up-regulated in both Alzheimer’s disease and glioblastoma, as a potential link between these two diseases. Mitochondrial metabolism is regulated oppositely in Alzheimer’s disease and lung cancer, indicating that it may be involved in the inverse co-morbidity between these diseases. Finally, oxidative phosphorylation is a good candidate to play a dual role by decreasing or increasing the risk of lung cancer and glioblastoma in Alzheimer’s disease.
Identification of a functionally significant tri-allelic genotype in the Tyrosinase gene (TYR) causing hypomorphic oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1B)
Authors: Norman Chelsea S. , O’Gorman Luke , Gibson Jane , Pengelly Reuben J. , Baralle Diana , Ratnayaka J. Arjuna , Griffiths Helen , Rose-Zerilli Matthew , Ranger Megan , Bunyan David , Lee Helena , Page Rhiannon , Newall Tutte , Shawkat Fatima , Mattocks Christopher , Ward Daniel , Ennis Sarah , Self Jay E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and ocular albinism (OA) are inherited disorders of melanin biosynthesis, resulting in loss of pigment and severe visual deficits. OCA encompasses a range of subtypes with overlapping, often hypomorphic phenotypes. OCA1 is the most common cause of albinism in European populations and is inherited through autosomal recessive mutations in the Tyrosinase (TYR) gene. However, there is a high level of reported missing heritability, where only a single heterozygous mutation is found in TYR. This is also the case for other OCA subtypes including OCA2 caused by mutations in the OCA2 gene. Here we have interrogated the genetic cause of albinism in a well phenotyped, hypomorphic albinism population by sequencing a broad gene panel and performing segregation studies on phenotyped family members. Of eighteen probands we can confidently diagnose three with OA and OCA2, and one with a PAX6 mutation. Of six probands with only a single heterozygous mutation in TYR, all were found to have the two common variants S192Y and R402Q. Our results suggest that a combination of R402Q and S192Y with a deleterious mutation in a ‘tri-allelic genotype’ can account for missing heritability in some hypomorphic OCA1 albinism phenotypes.
Long distance biotic dispersal of tropical seagrass seeds by marine mega-herbivores
Authors: Tol Samantha J. , Jarvis Jessie C. , York Paul H. , Grech Alana , Congdon Bradley C. , Coles Robert G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTerrestrial plants use an array of animals as vectors for dispersal, however little is known of biotic dispersal of marine angiosperms such as seagrasses. Our study in the Great Barrier Reef confirms for the first time that dugongs (Dugong dugon) and green sea turtles (Chelonia mydas) assist seagrass dispersal. We demonstrate that these marine mega-herbivores consume and pass in faecal matter viable seeds for at least three seagrass species (Zostera muelleri, Halodule uninervis and Halophila decipiens). One to two seagrass seeds per g DW of faecal matter were found during the peak of the seagrass reproductive season (September to December), with viability on excretion of 9.13% ± 4.61% (SE). Using population estimates for these mega-herbivores, and data on digestion time (hrs), average daily movement (km h) and numbers of viable seagrass seeds excreted (per g DW), we calculated potential seagrass seed dispersal distances. Dugongs and green sea turtle populations within this region can disperse >500,000 viable seagrass seeds daily, with a maximum dispersal distance of approximately 650 km. Biotic dispersal of tropical seagrass seeds by dugongs and green sea turtles provides a large-scale mechanism that enhances connectivity among seagrass meadows, and aids in resilience and recovery of these coastal habitats.
Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Plasmodium vivax Induced Alterations in Human Serum during the Acute and Convalescent Phases of Infection
Authors: Ray Sandipan , Patel Sandip K. , Venkatesh Apoorva , Chatterjee Gangadhar , Ansari Naziya N. , Gogtay Nithya J. , Thatte Urmila M. , Gandhe Prajakta , Varma Santosh G. , Patankar Swati , Srivastava Sanjeeva 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe radial distribution of Plasmodium vivax malaria burden has evoked enormous concern among the global research community. In this study, we have investigated the serum proteome alterations in non-severe vivax malaria patients before and during patient recuperation starting from the early febrile to the defervescence and convalescent stages of the infection. We have also performed an extensive quantitative proteomics analysis to compare the serum proteome profiles of vivax malaria patients with low (LPVM) and moderately-high (MPVM) parasitemia with healthy community controls. Interestingly, some of the serum proteins such as Serum amyloid A, Apolipoprotein A1, C-reactive protein, Titin and Haptoglobin, were found to be sequentially altered with respect to increased parasite counts. Analysis of a longitudinal cohort of malaria patients indicated reversible alterations in serum levels of some proteins such as Haptoglobin, Apolipoprotein E, Apolipoprotein A1, Carbonic anhydrase 1, and Hemoglobin subunit alpha upon treatment; however, the levels of a few other proteins did not return to the baseline even during the convalescent phase of the infection. Here we present the first comprehensive serum proteomics analysis of vivax malaria patients with different levels of parasitemia and during the acute and convalescent phases of the infection.
0404 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma through a p53/miR-34a/SIRT1 positive feedback loop
Authors: Xia Caixia , Shui Liyan , Lou Guohua , Ye Bingjue , Zhu Wei , Wang Jing , Wu Shanshan , Xu Xiao , Mao Long , Xu Wanhong , Chen Zhi , Liu Yanning , Zheng Min 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDNA-damaging agents have been used in cancer chemotherapy for a long history. Unfortunately, chemotherapeutic treatment strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still ineffective. We screened a novel DNA-damaging compound, designated as 0404, by using time-dependent cellular response profiling (TCRP) based on unique DNA-damage characteristics. We used human HCC cell lines and HCC xenograft mouse model to analyze the anti-cancer effects of 0404. Transcriptome and miRNA arrays were used to verify the anti-cancer mechanism of 0404. It was confirmed that p53 signaling pathway was crucial in 0404 anti-cancer activity and the expression of miR-34a, a key tumor-suppressive miRNA, was up-regulated in 0404-treated HepG2 cells. MiR-34a expression was also down-regulated in HCCs compared with corresponding non-cancerous hepatic tissues. We further identified the mechanisms of 0404 in HepG2 cells. 0404 increased miR-34a expression and acylation p53 protein levels and decreased SIRT1 protein levels in a concentration-dependent manner. The sensitivity of HepG2 cells to 0404 was significantly decreased by transfection with miR-34a inhibitors and SIRT1 protein levels were up-regulated by miR-34a inhibition. Our findings show that 0404 is probably an attractive agent for treating HCC, especially in HCC with wide type (WT) p53, through forming a p53/miR-34a/SIRT1 signal feedback loop to promote cell apoptosis.
Fabrication of Fresnel plates on optical fibres by FIB milling for optical trapping, manipulation and detection of single cells
Authors: Rodrigues Ribeiro Rita S. , Dahal Pabitra , Guerreiro Ariel , Jorge Pedro A. S. , Viegas Jaime 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe development of economical optical devices with a reduced footprint foreseeing manipulation, sorting and detection of single cells and other micro particles have been encouraged by cellular biology requirements. Nonetheless, researchers are still ambitious for advances in this field. This paper presents Fresnel zone and phase plates fabricated on mode expanded optical fibres for optical trapping. The diffractive structures were fabricated using focused ion beam milling. The zone plates presented in this work have focal distance of ~5 µm, while the focal distance of the phase plates is ~10 µm. The phase plates are implemented in an optical trapping configuration, and 2D manipulation and detection of 8 µm PMMA beads and yeast cells is reported. This enables new applications for optical trapping setups based on diffractive optical elements on optical fibre tips, where feedback systems can be integrated to automatically detect, manipulate and sort cells.
A Biomimetic Heparinized Composite Silk-Based Vascular Scaffold with sustained Antithrombogenicity
Authors: Zamani Masoud , Khafaji Mona , Naji Mohammad , Vossoughi Manouchehr , Alemzadeh Iran , Haghighipour Nooshin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAutologous grafts, as the gold standard for vascular bypass procedures, associated with several problems that limit their usability, so tissue engineered vessels have been the subject of an increasing number of works. Nevertheless, gathering all of the desired characteristics of vascular scaffolds in the same construct has been a big challenge for scientists. Herein, a composite silk-based vascular scaffold (CSVS) was proposed to consider all the mechanical, structural and biological requirements of a small-diameter vascular scaffold. The scaffold’s lumen composed of braided silk fiber-reinforced silk fibroin (SF) sponge covalently heparinized (H-CSVS) using Hydroxy-Iron Complexes (HICs) as linkers. The highly porous SF external layer with pores above 60 μm was obtained by lyophilization. Silk fibers were fully embedded in scaffold’s wall with no delamination. The H-CSVS exhibited much higher burst pressure and suture retention strength than native vessels while comparable elastic modulus and compliance. H-CSVSs presented milder hemolysis in vitro and significant calcification resistance in subcutaneous implantation compared to non-heparinized ones. The in vitro antithrombogenic activity was sustained for over 12 weeks. The cytocompatibility was approved using endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in vitro. Therefore, H-CSVS demonstrates a promising candidate for engineering of small-diameter vessels.
Conformational Heterogeneity of the HIV Envelope Glycan Shield
Authors: Yang Mingjun , Huang Jing , Simon Raphael , Wang Lai-Xi , MacKerell Alexander D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTo better understand the conformational properties of the glycan shield covering the surface of the HIV gp120/gp41 envelope (Env) trimer, and how the glycan shield impacts the accessibility of the underlying protein surface, we performed enhanced sampling molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of a model glycosylated HIV Env protein and related systems. Our simulation studies revealed a conformationally heterogeneous glycan shield with a network of glycan-glycan interactions more extensive than those observed to date. We found that partial preorganization of the glycans potentially favors binding by established broadly neutralizing antibodies; omission of several specific glycans could increase the accessibility of other glycans or regions of the protein surface to antibody or CD4 receptor binding; the number of glycans that can potentially interact with known antibodies is larger than that observed in experimental studies; and specific glycan conformations can maximize or minimize interactions with individual antibodies. More broadly, the enhanced sampling MD simulations described here provide a valuable tool to guide the engineering of specific Env glycoforms for HIV vaccine design.
A green strategy for the synthesis of sulfone derivatives of p-methylaminophenol: Kinetic evaluation and antibacterial susceptibility
Authors: Nematollahi Davood , Khazalpour Sadegh , Ranjbar Mina , Momeni Shima 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis is one of the few examples in which the diverse products have been synthesized just by changing the applied potential. The synthesis of sulfonyl derivatives of p-methylaminophenol were carried out by reaction of the electrogenerated p-methylquinoneimine with sulfinic acids. Various types of mono (MSP), bis (BSP) and tris (TSP) sulfonyl p-methyl aminophenols were obtained by changing the electrode potential, in one pot under green conditions. The mono sulfonyl-p-(methylamino)phenol derivatives (MSP) were assessed for their in vitro antibacterial activity against the gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram negative (Escherichia coli) strains. It was found that the tested compounds were more active against Staphylococcus aureus than Escherichia coli. We also found that the antimicrobial activity of MSP derivatives to vary in the order MSP4 (R = CH3) > MSP1 (R = p-tolyl) ≈ MSP2 (R = phenyl) > MSP3 (R = p-ClC6H4). Moreover, the observed homogeneous rate constants (kobs) of the reaction of p-methyl quinoneimine with sulfinic acids were estimated in various pH values, based on the EC and ECEC mechanisms, by comparing the simulated cyclic voltammograms with the experimental ones.
Mechanism of non-appearance of hiatus in Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ma Jieru , Guan Xiaodan , Guo Ruixia , Gan Zewen , Xie Yongkun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the recent decade, hiatus is the hottest issue in the community of climate change. As the area of great importance, the Tibetan Plateau (TP), however, did not appear to have any warming stoppage in the hiatus period. In fact, the TP showed a continuous warming in the recent decade. To explore why the TP did not show hiatus, we divide the surface air temperature into dynamically-induced temperature (DIT) and radiatively-forced temperature (RFT) by applying the dynamical adjustment method. Our results show that DIT displayed a relatively uniform warming background in the TP, with no obvious correlations with dynamic factors. Meanwhile, as the major contribution to warming, the RFT effect over the TP played the dominant role. The warming role is illustrated using the temperature change between perturbed and control simulation responses to CO2 or black carbon (BC) forcing via Community Earth System Model (CESM). It shows that an obvious warming in the TP is induced by the CO2 warming effect, and BC exhibits an amplifying effect on the warming. Therefore, the continuous warming in the TP was a result of uniform DIT warming over a large scale and enhanced RFT warming at a regional scale.
The importance of Rydberg orbitals in dissociative ionization of small hydrocarbon molecules in intense laser fields
Authors: Jochim Bethany , Siemering R. , Zohrabi M. , Voznyuk O. , Mahowald J. B. , Schmitz D. G. , Betsch K. J. , Berry Ben , Severt T. , Kling Nora G. , Burwitz T. G. , Carnes K. D. , Kling M. F. , Ben-Itzhak I. , Wells E. , de Vivie-Riedle R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMuch of our intuition about strong-field processes is built upon studies of diatomic molecules, which typically have electronic states that are relatively well separated in energy. In polyatomic molecules, however, the electronic states are closer together, leading to more complex interactions. A combined experimental and theoretical investigation of strong-field ionization followed by hydrogen elimination in the hydrocarbon series C2D2, C2D4and C2D6reveals that the photofragment angular distributions can only be understood when the field-dressed orbitals rather than the field-free orbitals are considered. Our measured angular distributions and intensity dependence show that these field-dressed orbitals can have strong Rydberg character for certain orientations of the molecule relative to the laser polarization and that they may contribute significantly to the hydrogen elimination dissociative ionization yield. These findings suggest that Rydberg contributions to field-dressed orbitals should be routinely considered when studying polyatomic molecules in intense laser fields.