bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consistency of Corneal Sublayer Thickness Measurements using Fourier-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography after Phacoemulsification
Authors: López-Miguel Alberto , Calabuig-Goena María , Marqués-Fernández Victoria , Fernández Itziar , Alió Jorge L. , Maldonado Miguel J. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose To assess the reliability of corneal epithelial thickness (CET), nonepithelial central corneal thickness (NECCT), and central corneal thickness (CCT) measurements using Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography (HD-OCT) in patients who did and did not undergo cataract surgery. Methods Forty patients who underwent uneventful phacoemulsification and 40 healthy participants were recruited to evaluate the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility of CET, NECCT, and CCT measurements using Cirrus HD-OCT. To analyze repeatability, one examiner obtained 5 consecutive scans in each participant; for interobserver reproducibility, another examiner randomly obtained another scan. Within-subject standard deviation, coefficient of variation (CV), limits of agreement, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) data were obtained. Results For intraobserver repeatability, the intrasession CV (CVw) and ICC values of the CET in the operated and nonoperated groups were 3.7% and 0.80 and 3.8% and 0.73, respectively; for NECCT, 0.7% and 0.98 and 0.8% and 0.97; and for CCT, 0.6% and 0.99 and 0.7% and 0.98. For interobserver reproducibility, the CVw and ICC values for the CET in the operated and nonoperated groups were 2.6% and 0.82 and 2.3% and 0.62, respectively; for NECCT, 0.7% and 0.98 and 0.5% and 0.98; and for CCT, 0.5% and 0.99 and 0.4% and 0.99. Conclusions The corneal sublayer thickness can be measured reliably using Cirrus HD-OCT in patients who underwent cataract surgery and elderly participants; however, the CET consistency is poorer than the NECCT. Corneal epithelial thickness modifications exceeding 4% reflect true thickness changes instead of random error variations using HD-OCT.
Axillary Coverage by Whole Breast Irradiation in 1 to 2 Positive Sentinel Lymph Nodes in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: De Santis Maria Carmen , Bonfantini Francesca , Dispinzieri Michela , Meroni Silvia , Diletto Barbara , Mantero Elisa D. , Franceschini Marzia , Soncini Fulvia , Di Cosimo Serena , Cosentino Vito , Pignoli Emanuele , Lozza Laura 
Published: March 2016

Purpose To evaluate the dosimetric coverage of axillary levels I, II, and III obtained with standard whole breast irradiation in 1 to 2 positive sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) patients not submitted to axillary lymph nodes dissection (ALND), and to compare the lymph nodes areas coverage obtained with 3D conformal radiation therapy, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Methods Patients with 1 to 2 positive SLNs undergoing breast-conserving therapy, without ALND, were included in the analysis. For each patient, 3 treatment plans were performed: a 3D conventional tangential plan, a static IMRT plan, and a volumetric IMRT, designed to encompass the entire breast parenchyma. The volumes of axillary levels I, II, and III receiving 90% and 95% (V90, V95) of the whole breast prescribed dose were evaluated. Dose-volume histograms were compared by means of the Friedman test. Results Ten patients were enrolled. All defined breast volumes received >95% of the prescribed dose with the 3 techniques. Median V95 for axillary level I was 26.4% (range 4.7%-61.3%) for 3D plans, 8.6% (range 0.64%-19.1%) for static IMRT plans, and 2.6% (range 0.4%-4.7%) for volumetric IMRT plans (p<0.001). Median V95 for axillary level II was 5.4% (range 0%-14.6%), 1.9% (range 0%-15%), and 2.6% (range 0.4%-4.7%) for 3D, static IMRT, and volumetric IMRT, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusions Results of our analysis showed that standard 3D tangential whole breast irradiation failed to deliver a therapeutic dose to axillary levels I and II. The coverage was even lower using static and volumetric IMRT techniques.
Safety of Combination Treatment with Imatinib Mesylate, Carboplatin, and Cetuximab in a Patient with Multiple Cancers: A Case Report
Authors: Pala Laura , Bergamini Cristiana , Imbimbo Martina , Granata Roberta , Locati Laura , Alfieri Salvatore , Licitra Lisa , Bossi Paolo 
Published: March 2016

Purpose Therapies directed against multiple signaling pathways have been validated in the clinical setting as effective anticancer treatments. The combination of different agents is particularly helpful in patients with multiple cancer diagnoses, while data on cross-toxicity are frequently missing, as for imatinib and cetuximab plus platinum drugs. Methods We present the case of a 76-year-old man with advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Combined treatment with imatinib mesylate and cetuximab plus carboplatin was well-tolerated by the patient, who did not develop neutropenia. By an interdisciplinary approach with hematology specialists, the anticipated neutropenia was managed by the temporary interruption of imatinib treatment when the white blood cell (WBC) count nadir was expected to occur. Results Although treatment with imatinib, carboplatin, and cetuximab can be associated with hematologic toxicities, a combination regimen based on the concomitant administration of these 3 drugs and on the discontinuation of imatinib at the predicted nadir of WBC count was feasible and well-tolerated in a patient with concomitant CML and locally advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions Our report indicates the feasibility of combination imatinib and cetuximab plus carboplatin in a case of multiple cancer diagnoses, provided that the treatment with imatinib is modulated according to the expected bone marrow depression.
De verantwoordelijkheden en interne aansprakelijkheidsrisico’s van bestuurders in het kader van een due diligence-onderzoek
Authors: Bird T. 
Published: March 2016

De verantwoordelijkheden en interne aansprakelijkheidsrisico’s van bestuurders in het kader van een due diligence-onderzoek
De verantwoordelijkheden van bestuurders in het kader van een due diligence-onderzoek naar een doelvennootschap worden op basis van jurisprudentie in kaart gebracht. Meestal zal van bestuurders worden verwacht een met voldoende waarborgen omgeven due diligence-onderzoek te laten uitvoeren, zodat zeker wordt gesteld dat een deugdelijke zaak wordt gekocht.
Extra bescherming voor de OK-functionaris: de escrowvoorziening
Authors: de Leeuw D.M.H. 
Published: March 2016

Extra bescherming voor de OK-functionaris: de escrowvoorziening
In de Cunico-beschikking staat de OK een ruime escrowvoorziening toe, die mede strekt tot zekerheid van de kosten van advies en verweer in rechte tegen aansprakelijkstellingen van de door de OK benoemde functionarissen persoonlijk. De escrowvoorziening lijkt een welkome aanvulling op de middelen om de OK-functionaris te beschermen tegen (ongefundeerde) druk van de bij de rechtspersonen betrokken partijen, zolang de omvang van de escrowvoorziening niet tot onnodige extra liquiditeitskrapte bij de rechtspersoon leidt.
Least-Squares Regression and Spectral Residual Augmented Classical Least-Squares Chemometric Models for Stability-Indicating Analysis of Agomelatine and Its Degradation Products: A Comparative Study
Authors: Naguib Ibrahim A , Abdelrahman Maha M , El Ghobashy Mohamed R , Ali Nesma A 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Two accurate, sensitive, and selective stability-indicating methods are developed and validated for simultaneous quantitative determination of agomelatine (AGM) and its forced degradation products (Deg I and Deg II), whether in pure forms or in pharmaceutical formulations. Partial least-squares regression (PLSR) and spectral residual augmented classical least-squares (SRACLS) are two chemometric models that are being subjected to a comparative study through handling UV spectral data in range (215–350 nm). For proper analysis, a three-factor, four-level experimental design was established, resulting in a training set consisting of 16 mixtures containing different ratios of interfering species. An independent test set consisting of eight mixtures was used to validate the prediction ability of the suggested models. The results presented indicate the ability of mentioned multivariate calibration models to analyze AGM, Deg I, and Deg II with high selectivity and accuracy. The analysis results of the pharmaceutical formulations were statistically compared to the reference HPLC method, with no significant differences observed regarding accuracy and precision. The SRACLS model gives comparable results to the PLSR model; however, it keeps the qualitative spectral information of the classical least-squares algorithm for analyzed components.
Generelle aspekter ved mediereception? – Et bud på en multidimensional model for analyse af kvalitative receptionsinterviews
Authors: Schrøder Kim 
Published: March 2016

Findes der generelle aspekter ved receptionen af medieprodukter, som
det kan være analytisk frugtbart at orientere sig efter, og som man altid
bør belyse, når man analyserer kvalitative receptionsdata – og måske
også allerede når man skal planlægge det empiriske feltarbejde i et em-
pirisk receptionsprojekt? Denne artikel bygger på, at dette spørgsmål
kan besvares bekræftende, og fremlægger et bud på, hvordan en multi-
dimensional model for kvalitativ receptionsanalyse kunne se ud.
Tv’s egenreklame og kanalstemmen – en kvalitativ undersøgelse
Authors: Stigel Jørgen 
Published: March 2016

Tv-stationer fungerer som distributører af andres markedsføring i form
af reklamer, men de er samtidig også selvstændige aktører i medieret
markedskommunikation, idet tv-kanalerne må gøre opmærksom på sig
selv og deres egenart for at tiltrække og fastholde seere. Artiklen kate-
goriserer og definerer, hvordan tv-stationerne sætter sig selv i scene i
form af egenreklame og kanalstemme. En sammenlignende analyse af
DR1, TV2 og TV3 påviser, at stationernes egenreklamer formmæssigt
konvergerer i perioden 1993 til 1996. Der sker samtidig en selvstændig-
gørelse af egenreklamen, idet kanalstemmen – voice over’en – har fået
mere autonomi, og stemmen fungerer som en central instans for ska-
belse af nærvær, fællesskab og continuity.
Gennemhullede myter – Jessica Lynch og den amerikanske ‘tilfangetagelses-fortælling’
Authors: Schubart Rikke 
Published: March 2016

I krig og kærlighed gælder alle kneb, siger man. Artiklen undersøger,
hvorledes det amerikanske militær søgte at udnytte tilfangetagelsen af
menig Jessica Lynch under Irakkrigen den 23. marts 2003 til at skabe
en myte om en kvindelig soldat, der blev taget til fange, mishandlet og
befriet under dramatiske omstændigheder. Forsøget mislykkedes, da
journalister demonterede historien og viste, at de amerikanske soldater
bl.a. brugte blanke skud ved angrebet på et irakisk hospital, at Jessica
ikke som påstået havde skudsår, og at hun ikke var blevet mishandlet
og voldtaget, men behandlet godt. Efter befrielsen blev historien et ek-
sempel på magtens brug og misbrug af myter, og på mytens narrative
funktion i kulturen. Artiklen argumenterer for, at myten kun kan bruges
i samspil med omgivelserne, og at Pentagon desuden overså, hvilken
myte Jessica passede ind i: Den amerikanske ‘tilfangetagelses-fortæl-
ling’.
Faglig diskussion: Filmvidenskab – et spørgsmål om biologi eller kultur
Authors: Kristensen Nete Nørgaard , Andersen Tem Frank , Langkjær Birger , Larsen Bent Steeg , Olesen Birgitte Ravn , Philipsen Heidi , Schubart Rikke , Thorup John 
Published: March 2016

I MedieKultur nr. 38 anmeldte Søren Kjørup Torben Grodals bog Film-
oplevelse – en indføring i audiovisuel teori og analyse. Her følger en
redigeret version af dels Torben Grodals svar på anmeldelsen og
Søren Kjørups replik.
Flocculation in a decaying shear field and its implications for mud removal in near‐field river mouth discharges
Authors: Strom Kyle , Keyvani Ali 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe measure the change in floc size in a decaying shear field that mimics the decay found in a river mouth discharge. The primary questions explored are: (1) how far from equilibrium are the flocs during the decay? And, (2) how significant are the changes in size, and hence settling velocity, brought on by the changes in shear when it comes to predicting settling flux? These questions are examined in the laboratory using a camera system that allows for flocs to be sized within a turbulent suspension. We also examine how inclusion of various approaches to account for flocculation impacts the plume concentration and deposition rates in a simple river mouth discharge model. In the experiments, flocs grew from their initial size of 20–50 μm up to 100–200 μm due only to changes in shear over time scales of decay similar to those in a small river mouth discharge. It is estimated that such growth would lead to fourfold or greater fold increase in the mud settling velocity within the first few kilometers from the river mouth, even though floc sizes were only 0.5–0.8 of their equilibrium values. The plume modeling highlights the strong dependence of the mud deposition rate on the method chosen to account for flocs, and the importance of the settling to entrainment velocity ratio in dictating plume concentrations.
Annual cycles of deep‐ocean biogeochemical export fluxes in subtropical and subantarctic waters, southwest Pacific Ocean
Authors: Nodder Scott D. , Chiswell Stephen M. , Northcote Lisa C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe annual cycles of particle fluxes derived from moored sediment trap data collected during 2000–2012 in subtropical (STW) and subantarctic waters (SAW) east of New Zealand are presented. These observations are the most comprehensive export flux time series from temperate Southern Hemisphere latitudes to date. With high levels of variability, fluxes in SAW were markedly lower than in STW, reflecting the picophytoplankton‐dominated communities in the iron‐limited, high nutrient‐low chlorophyll SAW. Austral spring chlorophyll blooms in surface STW were near synchronous with elevated fluxes of bio‐siliceous, carbonate, and organic carbon‐rich materials to the deep ocean, probably facilitated by diatom and/or coccolithophorid sedimentation. Lithogenic fluxes were also high in STW, compared to SAW, reflecting proximity to the New Zealand landmass. In contrast, the highest biogenic fluxes in SAW occurred in spring when surface chlorophyll concentrations were low, while highest annual chlorophyll concentrations were in summer with no associated flux increase. We hypothesize that the high spring export in SAW results from subsurface chlorophyll accumulation that is not evident from remote‐sensing satellites. This material was also rich in biogenic silica, perhaps related to the preferential export of diatoms and other silica‐producing organisms, such as silicoflagellates and radiolarians. Organic carbon fluxes in STW are similar to that of other mesotrophic to oligotrophic waters (∼6–7 mg C m−2 d−1), whereas export from SAW is below the global average (∼3 mg C m−2 d−1). Regional differences in flux across the SW Pacific and Tasman region reflect variations in physical processes and ecosystem structure and function.
Variability of sea ice melt and meteoric water input in the surface Labrador Current off Newfoundland
Authors: Benetti M. , Reverdin G. , Pierre C. , Khatiwala S. , Tournadre B. , Olafsdottir S. , Naamar A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe respective contributions of saline (Atlantic and Pacific water) and freshwater (sea ice melt, meteoric water) components in the surface Labrador Current are quantified using salinity, δ18O, and nutrient data collected between 2012 and 2015 east of Newfoundland to investigate the seasonal variability of salinity in relation with the different freshwater contributions. Nutrient data indicate that the surface saline water is composed on average over 2012–2015 of roughly 62% Atlantic Water and 38% Pacific Water. A large salinity seasonal cycle of ≈ 1.5 peak‐to‐peak amplitude is found over the middle continental shelf, which is explained by the freshwater input seasonal variability: 2/3 of the amplitude of the salinity seasonal cycle can be explained by meteoric water input and 1/3 by the sea ice melt. A smaller seasonal salinity cycle (≈1.3) is observed over the inner shelf compared to the middle shelf, because of smaller variability in the large meteoric water inputs. Furthermore, the data reveal that sea ice melt (SIM) input was particularly important during July 2014, following a larger extension of sea ice over the Labrador shelf during the 2013/2014 winter season, compared to both previous winter seasons. Some patches of large SIM contribution observed during July 2014 and April 2015 were located on the continental slope or further offshore. The comparison of 2012–2015 data with data collected in 1994–1995 shows that the surface water over the Newfoundland shelf and slope is strongly affected by sea ice processes in both periods and suggests a larger contribution of brines over the slope during 1994–1995.
Wind‐driven changes of surface current, temperature, and chlorophyll observed by satellites north of New Guinea
Authors: Radenac Marie‐Hélène , Léger Fabien , Messié Monique , Dutrieux Pierre , Menkes Christophe , Eldin Gérard 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSatellite observations of wind, sea level and derived currents, sea surface temperature (SST), and chlorophyll are used to expand our understanding of the physical and biological variability of the ocean surface north of New Guinea. Based on scarce cruise and mooring data, previous studies differentiated a trade wind situation (austral winter) when the New Guinea Coastal Current (NGCC) flows northwestward and a northwest monsoon situation (austral summer) when a coastal upwelling develops and the NGCC reverses. This circulation pattern is confirmed by satellite observations, except in Vitiaz Strait where the surface northwestward flow persists. We find that intraseasonal and seasonal time scale variations explain most of the variance north of New Guinea. SST and chlorophyll variabilities are mainly driven by two processes: penetration of Solomon Sea waters and coastal upwelling. In the trade wind situation, the NGCC transports cold Solomon Sea waters through Vitiaz Strait in a narrow vein hugging the coast. Coastal upwelling is generated in westerly wind situations (westerly wind event, northwest monsoon). Highly productive coastal waters are advected toward the equator and, during some westerly wind events, toward the eastern part of the warm pool. During El Niño, coastal upwelling events and northward penetration of Solomon Sea waters combine to influence SST and chlorophyll anomalies.
Patterns of the loop current system and regions of sea surface height variability in the eastern Gulf of Mexico revealed by the self‐organizing maps
Authors: Liu Yonggang , Weisberg Robert H. , Vignudelli Stefano , Mitchum Gary T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Self‐Organizing Map (SOM), an unsupervised learning neural network, is employed to extract patterns evinced by the Loop Current (LC) system and to identify regions of sea surface height (SSH) variability in the eastern Gulf of Mexico (GoM) from 23 years (1993–2015) of altimetry data. Spatial patterns are characterized as different LC extensions and different stages in the process of LC eddy shedding. The temporal evolutions and the frequency of occurrences of these patterns are obtained, and the typical trajectories of the LC system progression on the SOM grid are investigated. For an elongated, northwest‐extended, or west‐positioned LC, it is common for the LC anticyclonic eddy (LCE) to separate and propagate into the western GoM, while an initially separated LCE in close proximity to the west Florida continental slope often reattaches to the LC and develops into an elongated LC, or reduces intensity locally before moving westward as a smaller eddy. Regions of differing SSH variations are also identified using the joint SOM‐wavelet analysis. Along the general axis of the LC, SSH exhibits strong variability on time scales of 3 months to 2 years, also with energetic intraseasonal variations, which is consistent with the joint Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF)‐wavelet analysis. In the more peripheral regions, the SSH has a dominant seasonal variation that also projects across the coastal ocean. The SOM, when applied to both space and time domains of the same data, provides a powerful tool for diagnosing ocean processes from such different perspectives.
Satellite‐based global volcanic SO2 emissions and sulfate direct radiative forcing during 2005–2012
Authors: Ge Cui , Wang Jun , Carn Simon , Yang Kai , Ginoux Paul , Krotkov Nickolay 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn 8 year volcanic SO2 emission inventory for 2005–2012 is obtained based on satellite measurements of SO2 from OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument) and ancillary information from the Global Volcanism Program. It includes contributions from global volcanic eruptions and from eight persistently degassing volcanoes in the tropics. It shows significant differences in the estimate of SO2 amount and injection height for medium to large volcanic eruptions as compared to the counterparts in the existing volcanic SO2 database. Emissions from Nyamuragira (DR Congo) in November 2006 and Grímsvötn (Iceland) in May 2011 that were not included in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 5 (IPCC) inventory are included here. Using the updated emissions, the volcanic sulfate (SO42−) distribution is simulated with the global transport model Goddard Earth Observing System (GEOS)‐Chem. The simulated time series of sulfate aerosol optical depth (AOD) above 10 km captures every eruptive volcanic sulfate perturbation with a similar magnitude to that measured by Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO). The 8 year average contribution of eruptive SO42− to total SO42− loading above 10 km is ~10% over most areas of the Northern Hemisphere, with a maxima of 30% in the tropics where the anthropogenic emissions are relatively smaller. The persistently degassing volcanic SO42− in the tropics barely reaches above 10 km, but in the lower atmosphere it is regionally dominant (60%+ in terms of mass) over Hawaii and other oceanic areas northeast of Australia. Although the 7 year average (2005–2011) of eruptive volcanic sulfate forcing of −0.10 W m−2 in this study is comparable to that in the 2013 IPCC report (−0.09 W m−2), significant discrepancies exist for each year. Our simulations also imply that the radiative forcing per unit AOD for volcanic eruptions can vary from −40 to −80 W m−2, much higher than the −25 W m−2 implied in the IPCC calculations. In terms of sulfate forcing efficiency with respect to SO2 emission, eruptive volcanic sulfate is 5 times larger than anthropogenic sulfate. The sulfate forcing efficiency from degassing volcanic sources is close to that of anthropogenic sources. This study highlights the importance of characterizing both volcanic emission amount and injection altitude as well as the key role of satellite observations in maintaining accurate volcanic emissions inventories.