bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Turquality Markalaşma Programı: Gıda İşletmelerinin Profili
Authors: TAYLAN Evrim , İSMAİL Eren , GÜLER GÜMÜŞ Sevtap , AKYÜZ Yarkın 
Published: January 2018

&nbsp;

Adını “Türk” ve “Kalite”
sözcüklerinin bir araya getirilmesiyle oluşan Turquality markalaşma programı
ile dünya çapında potansiyele sahip Türk markaları desteklenerek, “Türk Malı”
imajının dünya pazarlarında kabul gören bir marka haline gelmesi sağlanmaya
çalışılmaktadır. Turquality markalaşma programını tanıtılması, programa kabul
edilen gıda işletmelerinin profillerinin belirlenmesi, Turquality markalaşma
programının süreç ve işleyişe yönelik olumlu ve olumsuz yönlerin tespit
edilmesi, bu çalışmanın temel amacını oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın temeli anket
çalışması yoluyla, gıda işletmeleri ile görüşmelerden elde edilen orijinal
nitelikli verilerden oluşmaktadır. Turquality markalaşma programına seçilmiş
işlenmiş gıda ve tarım ürünleri sektöründe faaliyet gösteren 24 işletmeden görüşmeyi kabul eden
15 işletme ile anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir.&nbsp; Çalışmada çok sayıda bulgu tespit edilmiş
olmakla birlikte;&nbsp; görüşülen gıda işletmelerin
ortalama 39 yıldır işletme faaliyetlerini sürdüren köklü işletmeler olduğu,
Turquality programı içerisinde yaklaşık 4 yıldır yer aldıkları,&nbsp; Türkiye’nin marka imajının yurtdışı satışları
olumsuz etkilemediği, program desteği ile marka yaratabileceklerine
inandıkları, ancak desteklerin ödeme hızının yavaş olduğu,&nbsp; işlenmemiş tarım ürünlerinin programa
katılmasına çekimser kaldıkları,&nbsp;
programın gıda işletmelerine yönelik olarak yeniden yapılandırılması
gerektiği gibi önemli bulgular tespit edilmiştir.
Hacimsel Olarak Farklı Oranlardaki Torf ve Pomza Karışımının Mantarın (Agaricus bisporus (Lange) Sing) Verim ve Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: Çetin Mehmet , Eren Erkan 
Published: January 2018

Bu çalışma, Agaricus bisporus yetiştiriciliğinde, örtü materyali olarak kullanılan torfa belli
oranlarda eklenecek farklı boyutlardaki pomza taşının mantar verim ve kalitesi
üzerine etkilerini tespit etmek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Bu amaçla, ince (0 - 4
mm), karışık (4 - 8 mm) ve iri (8 - 16 mm) boyutlarda temin edilen pomza, torf
ile %5 - %10 - %15 - %20 oranlarında karıştırılmış ve ayrıca kontrol amacıyla
torf tek başına kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, verim bakımından %85 torf +%15
karışık pomza uygulamasının etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Bu karışım kontrol
uygulaması olan torfa göre % 21 oranında verim artışı sağladığı tespit
edilmiştir. Karpafor ağırlığı ve şapka ağırlığı dikkate alındığında farklı
boyutlardaki pomzanın hacimsel olarak %5 - 10 - 15 oranlarda torf ile
karıştırılması sonucunda kontrole göre daha yüksek değerlerin elde edildiği
görülmüştür.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;
İzmir-Seferihisar Jeotermal Alanlardaki Topraklarda Radon Konsantrasyonlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Saç Müslüm Murat 
Published: January 2018

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Radon uranyum yada
toryum içerikli toprak ve kayalardan yayınlanabilen doğal radyoaktif bir soy
gaz dır. Bu iki element radyum ve radonun ana elementidir ve onlar bazı
bölgelerdeki topraklarda yüksek miktarlarda bulunabilirler. Örneğin jeotermal
bölgelerdeki topraklar radonun önemli kaynaklarındandır. Seferihisar jeotermal
bir alandır. Bu çalışmada amaç, Seferihisar termal alanlardaki radon
anomalilerinin belirlenmesi ve çevresel risk değerlendirilmesinin yapılmasıdır.
Topraklardaki radon konsantrasyonları 29 aylık bir periyod süresince LR-115
nükleer iz kazıma detektörleri ile ölçüldü. Sonuçlara göre radon düzeyleri 124
Bq/m3 ile 5890 Bq/m3 aralığında hesaplandı. Çalışmada,
bölgede meydana gelen&nbsp; sismik
faaliyetlerin radon ölçümlerinde artışa neden olacağı belirlendi.&nbsp;
Constituição, complexidade e contingência: o desafio da tutela de direitos na sociedade contemporânea
Authors: Almeida André Galvão Vasconcelos de , Teixeira João Paulo Fernandes de Souza Allain 
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo descrever e analisar as condições estruturais que envolvem a relação entre direito e sociedade, tendo como pano de fundo a hipercomplexidade e a contingência que caracterizam a sociedade contemporânea policontextualizada. Faz, ainda, uma reflexão acerca das consequências advindas da positividade do direito moderno e do aumento da dinâmica social inaugurada a partir dessa positividade. Essa reflexão segue identificando a dificuldade do sistema jurídico em relacionar-se com o seu entorno altamente mutável e ressalta o seu desafio de ter que estabilizar expectativas normativas no presente, criando vínculos com um futuro incerto e, ao mesmo tempo, se estabelecer socialmente adequado no ambiente em que atua. Por fim, destaca a importância da adoção de mecanismos de abertura cognitiva como forma de ampliação da capacidade de observação do direito com vistas a uma de melhor absorção da contingência e do risco social.
Comments: The Vaca Muerta
Authors: Donnelly John 
Published: January 2018

Editor's column
Argentina’s Vaca Muerta shale play is considered one of the most promising unconventional resources in the world. Advertised for years as the next great shale resource outside of the US, foreign investment has now picked up and the play may finally begin living up to its potential.
A comprehensive article beginning on page 26 outlines the current state of the Vaca Muerta, including geological and business challenges, as well as future development plans. Total output from Vaca Muerta in barrels of oil equivalent (BOE) has risen 60% since the start of 2016. Production is currently just over 75,000 BOE/D—split roughly evenly between oil and gas—but most of the money spent in the play so far has been in exploration; output is expected to rise sharply over the next decade.
Most of the current output comes from the Loma Campana joint venture between YPF and Chevron, but other projects may ramp up soon. Production is expected to rise to 113,000 BOE/D by the end of this year, and as high as 1 million BOE/D within 15 years, according to consultancy Wood Mackenzie. The shale rock in Vaca Muerta is considered very high quality, on a par with several US shale plays such as Eagle Ford, Bakken, and Marcellus.
Government-led reforms have been a major factor in its growth, in part because the country needs the economic benefits of Vaca Muerta. Once an energy exporter with a sound economy, Argentina last decade defaulted on $82 billion of foreign debt—the largest such default in history at the time. Elected president in 2015, Mauricio Macri vowed to put Argentina on sounder financial footing, and has his eye on replicating the shale boom in the US. After October’s elections consolidated his political power, he has embarked on a campaign to get international oil companies and domestic ones to up their investments in the shale play.
More than 15 companies are currently exploring in the Vaca Muerta, including big names such as Chevron, ExxonMobil, Total, and Shell. YPF and the government are also working to lower labor costs. Trade unions made concessions on contracts in exchange for commitments on spending, which the government said could cut development costs by 20%. YPF has announced a $30-billion, 5-year investment plan for Vaca Muerta, and ExxonMobil has committed $200 million to a pilot project there.
Before the country’s historic default, Argentina was a net exporter of oil and gas but lack of investment has turned it into an energy importer. Argentina’s oil production hit 489,000 B/D last year, down sharply from a peak of 847,000 B/D in the late 1990s. Gas output peaked at 4.5 Bcf/D in 2005 and is now roughly 3.7 Bcf/D.
The US Energy Information Administration estimates that Argentina has the world’s second-largest shale gas and fourth-largest oil resources. If the current momentum continues, Vaca Muerta may become the only viable shale play outside of North America.
Dramatic Enrollment Shifts Plague Petroleum Engineering Programs
Authors: Zborowski Matt 
Published: January 2018

The sharp oil price volatility during 2014–16 is now being felt by US undergraduate petroleum engineering (PE) programs, where enrollment is in steep decline after hitting record highs at the onset of the price downturn.
The number of US students pursuing bachelor’s degrees in PE programs fell to 6,263 in fall 2017 from 8,712 in fall 2016 as attitudes toward the discipline continued to shift, according to data compiled by Lloyd Heinze, PE professor at Texas Tech University’s Bob L. Herd Department of Petroleum Engineering. Enrollment in fall 2015 remained elevated at 11,069, slightly lower than a peak of 11,474 in fall 2014 when the oil price crash was under way—meaning it took 2 years before enrollment numbers began tracking oil prices.
“Students are starting to realize the job market is very different from when they started out as freshmen,” said Heinze, who has followed PE enrollment trends for decades. A student who is slated to graduate with a BS in PE this spring, for example, likely enrolled in fall 2014 after West Texas Intermediate (WTI) prices had spent much of the year at more than $100/bbl. In their sophomore year, WTI cratered to $26/bbl before stabilizing in the $40-60/bbl range for their junior and senior years.
With fewer students in the pipeline, fewer graduates are expected in the coming years, reversing an oversupply of those trying to enter the workforce. The number of undergraduate PE degrees granted is projected to plunge from more than 2,000 in each of 2015–16, 2016–17, and 2017–18 to around 1,220 in 2018–19 and 680 in 2019–20, Heinze’s data project. At 470 and 130, respectively, master’s degrees and PhDs granted are expected to remain somewhat elevated in 2017–18 compared with their averages during the previous decade. The steadier post-grad numbers may be supported in part by fewer available jobs.
One Extreme to Another
Heinze noted that Texas Tech’s PE department, like many PE departments across the country, is still reeling from the “tremendous overload” of students in recent years, a problem over which it had no control. “I can tell you that even if oil prices last year were $100/bbl, we were already on track to put out more students than $100/bbl can support.” Many public university PE programs are at the mercy of how many prospective students meet published admissions requirements. That is to say, programs cannot simply deny qualified students because those programs’ faculties, resources, and even lecture halls have become overextended. As a result, average undergraduate student-faculty ratios ballooned to about 46:1 in fall 2013.
Closed-Loop Drilling Offers Advantages in Process Safety and Cost Savings
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: January 2018

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 185283, “Leveraging CLD Potentials: Optimizing Economics Through Dynamic Well Control,” by Robert Ziegler, SPE, Weatherford International, and Evelyn Baldwin, SPE, Maersk Training, prepared for the 2017 SPE/IADC Managed Pressure Drilling/Underbalanced Operations Conference and Exhibition, Rio de Janeiro, 28–29 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Maximizing the potential of closed-loop drilling (CLD) to achieve dynamic well control and effectively cut costs is an often overlooked opportunity in times of low oil prices. This paper details the operational effects of CLD to demonstrate its ability to yield operational-process-safety improvements and cost savings over conventional methods. While managed-pressure drilling (MPD) often is the tool that finally enables operators to reach their objectives, major cost savings come when MPD is integrated in the well-planning process from the beginning.
MPD for CLD
Not too long ago, the topdrive was in a similar position on the technology-adoption curve as MPD is today. The industry was in a downturn at that time, too—oil prices were low, cost pressure was high, and horizontal drilling had just taken off. The topdrive rental business was booming, and, the moment the directional phase of a well was reached, the topdrive was mobilized. Drillers soon started to like the additional abilities the topdrive gave them, such as reducing nonproductive time (NPT) and mitigating stuck-pipe events. Even in the cost-sensitive land market, the topdrive is now considered standard equipment, as it has been offshore for quite a while.
For MPD equipment, the situation is reversed. While the land market in the US has adopted the rotating control device as standard equipment, offshore in the Gulf of Mexico, where many of the most challenging wells are being drilled, adoption of the technology has been slow.
In other areas of the world, however, MPD adoption is moving quicker. Most notably, in loss-prone carbonates of Southeast Asia; in the subsalt environment of Brazil; and, to a certain extent, in Angola, MPD from floaters has been more widespread.
The experience from land wells can be transferred safely to offshore surface-blowout-preventer (BOP) operations (e.g., on jackup rigs, tension-leg platforms, tender-assisted drilling, and other platform rigs). The advantage offshore is that the rig moves are much simpler than for land operations, so complex piping for full MPD operations can remain in place.
Optical Sensors Monitor Vulnerable Top Sections of Flexible Risers
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: January 2018

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper OTC 28080, “Monitoring Flexible Risers With Optical Sensors—Operational Experience and Future Perspectives,” by B.M. Santiago, S.R. Morikawa, W. Carrara, A. Kravetz, and J.A. Martins, Petrobras, prepared for the 2017 Offshore Technology Conference Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, 24–26 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2017 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
The integrity management of flexible pipes used in subsea production plays a major role in maximizing the availability of the production systems while minimizing safety and environmental risks. One of the key areas for integrity management is the riser top section, where high tensions and curvatures result in high stresses and may lead to fatigue issues. A monitoring technique known as Monitoring Based on Optical Fiber Attached Directly on Armor Wires, or MODA, has been developed to assess the integrity of the tensile armor at the top section of flexible risers.
Introduction
A flexible pipe is composed of several layers, each having a specific function (Fig. 1). The carcass is a metallic layer designed to withstand external compression forces in the radial direction. The internal pressure sheath is a polymeric layer used to contain the fluid inside the pipe. The pressure armor is a metallic layer designed to withstand the internal pressure. The tensile armors are made of metallic wires designed to resist axial forces acting on the pipe. In risers, the tensile armors are responsible for keeping the flexible pipe suspended from the floating production unit (FPU). The outer sheath wraps the other layers, protecting them from the external environment. The region inside the internal pressure sheath is called the bore, and the region between the pressure barrier and the outer sheath is known as the annulus space.
The riser top section is subjected to high tensions because of the weight of the riser and to cyclic tensions and curvatures because of FPU movement, which results in high constant stresses and significant cyclic stresses in the tensile armors. This combination may lead to fatigue issues, especially in a flooded-annulus condition, which severely hinders the pipe capacity to withstand cyclic loads.
The MODA monitoring technology has been developed to better assess the integrity of the tensile armor at the top section of flexible risers.
MODA Development History. At its beginning, the MODA concept was only retrofitted to risers already in service. To install the MODA sensors, it was necessary to remove a portion of the outer sheath, attach the optic-fiber sensors to the wires, repair the outer sheath, and then provide an optical path to an equipment room at the FPU where the MODA equipment was to be installed. Substantial resources were needed in each MODA installation, and only the most critical risers were considered for monitoring.
Better Permeability Estimation From Wireline Formation Testing
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2018

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper IPTC 18914, “Extracting More From Wireline Formation Testing: Better Permeability Estimation,” by S.R. Ramaswami, P.W. Cornelisse, SPE, H. Elshahawi, M. Hows, and C.L. Dong, SPE, Shell, prepared for the 2016 International Petroleum Technology Conference, Bangkok, Thailand, 14–16 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2017 International Petroleum Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission.
The use of pressure-transient data in formation testing to describe reservoirs is considered mature technology, particularly when applied to data collected through production testing. The extension of this technique to data obtained using wireline formation testers (WFTs) has been gaining momentum in the industry; however, the integration of these outputs with other measurements of data is not always straightforward. The complete paper presents different methods of using pressure-transient data from WFTs; many of these methods are summarized here.
Pressure-Transient Data From WFTs
Perhaps the most widely used form of WFT pressure-transient data is that derived from small-volume drawdowns and buildups during a pressure test. The volume of fluid withdrawn from the formation, and the resulting depth of the pressure pulse, is limited to the near-wellbore region. The flow regime that develops during these tests is typically spherical flow in an infinite medium; hence, the mobilities derived from these sorts of pressure-transient tests are spherical mobilities and need to be converted to radial mobilities to quantitatively compare the tests. Additionally, pretest-derived mobilities have two fundamental challenges: the unknown effect of skin caused by drilling damage and the uncertainty of fluid viscosity to be used to convert the resulting mobility to permeability.
The other common application of pressure-transient information during wireline-formation tests uses pressure data over a much longer interval. During an extended pumping station with a WFT, a particular flow-rate history is applied to a well and the resulting pressure changes are recorded. From the measured pressure response, and from predictions of how reservoir properties influence that response, an insight into the reservoir can be gained. In order to make these predictions, it is necessary to develop mathematical models of the physical behavior taking place in the reservoir. Fig. 1 shows the difference between the volume investigated with a small-volume pressure test and an extended pumpout station. The most-common well model that is used when interpreting WFT data is the vertical limited entry model.
Fluid flow in porous media is governed by the diffusivity equation. To derive it in its simplest form, the following assumptions and simplifications have to be made:
The reservoir is homogeneous, isotropic, and of constant thickness
The flow is horizontal
The fluid is monophasic and slightly compressible
Pressure gradients are small, and Darcy’s law applies
What Percentage of Patients is a Candidate for Unicompartmental Knee Replacement at a Chinese Arthroplasty Center?
Authors: He Yong , Xiao Lianbo , Zhai Weitao , Kasparek Maximilian F. , Ouyang Guilin , Boettner Friedrich 
Published: January 2018

Background:Data on indication of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA) in the Asian population are currently not available. The current paper evaluates patients undergoing knee replacement at a Chinese Orthopaedic Specialty Hospital to report the percentage of patients who meet radiographic and clinical indication criteria for UKA.Methods:Over a one-year period 463 consecutive patients (515 knees) underwent primary knee replacement surgery. Clinical data were recorded and preoperative radiographs were assessed. Patients were classified as suitable candidates for UKA based on the degree of deformity, preoperative ROM and radiographic appearance of osteoarthritis. The different indication criteria for body weight and extend of patellofemoral osteoarthritis as reported by Kozinn and Scott as well as the Oxford Group were applied.Results:160 knees (31%) were excluded because of inflammatory and posttraumatic arthritis. 55 knees had to be excluded because of incomplete radiographs. Of the remaining 300 knees with osteoarthritis, 241 knees were excluded because of extend of deformity (n=156), decreased range of motion (n=119), advanced patellofemoral arthritis with bone loss (n=11) and AP instability (n=1). Of the remaining 63 knees, 54 knees (18%) met the modified Oxford criteria for mobile UKA and only 25 knees (8%) met the Scott and Kozinn criteria for fixed UKA.Conclusion:The current paper suggests that in comparison to Caucasian population, only a smaller percentage of patients at a Chinese Orthopaedic Specialty Hospital meet the indication criteria for UKA. Therefore, it might make sense to concentrate UKA surgeries in high volume centers.
Toe Gap Force is Related to Ultrasonic Parameter of Calcaneus Bone Status in General Population
Authors: Tajika Tsuyoshi , Yamamoto Atsushi , Oya Noboru , Kitagawa Takanori , Kobayashi Hiroki , Shitara Hitoshi , Iizuka Haku , Takagishi Kenji , Chikuda Hirotaka 
Published: January 2018

Background:Elucidating the relation between bone health condition and muscle strength can provide useful knowledge for Japan’s super-aged society. This study ascertained the Speed Of Sound (SOS) of the calcaneus and upper and lower limb muscle strength in a general population.Methods:Medical examinations were conducted of 277 adult residents (100 men, 177 women; average age 67.1 years) of a mountain village. Bilateral hand grip and hand key pinch strength were measured. Hip abductor muscle strength was measured using a hand-held dynamometer. The pressure between the hallux and second toe (toe-gap force) was measured using a toe pressure measuring instrument. The Speed Of Sound (SOS) of the calcaneus was assessed using an ultrasound bone densitometer. Stepwise linear regression was used to identify the predictor of SOS using several factors as explanatory variables: gender, age, height, weight BMI, grip and key pinch power strength, hip abductor muscle strength, and toe-gap force in bilateral side. P values of < .05 were inferred as statistically significant.Results:Significant positive correlation was found between the SOS and each of bilateral hand grip and hand key pinch strength, hip abductor muscle strength, and toe-gap force in all participants. Stepwise logistic regression revealed gender (β coefficient= -0.32, p= .0001), age (β coefficient=-0.53, p= .000), height (β coefficient= -0.19, p= .03), and right toe-gap force (β coefficient= 0.11, p= .027) as predictors of calcaneal SOS for all participants.Conclusion:Toe-gap force assessment might be more useful to predict calcaneal SOS than grip assessment in the general population.