bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Which team benefits from collaboration?: Investigating collaborative information seeking using personal and social contextual signals
Authors: Choi Dongho , Shah Chirag , Singh Vivek 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTCollaboration often involves looking for information together to achieve a common goal, such as a collaborative search task. A general expectation in collaboration is that through working together, participants obtain better outcomes than those achieved by individual efforts. However, this is not always true and certain collaborative teams benefit more from collaboration than others. This study aims to identify the settings in which teams perform the best in exploratory search tasks. Specifically, this study considers a variety of social signals to characterize individuals (e.g. number of phone calls, number of sms messages) and identify the pairs of individuals who are likely to perform best in collaborative information seeking tasks. Based on an exploratory multi‐method study (N=35) involving “in‐the‐wild” phone data collection for two weeks and one in‐lab search session, we report that: (1) the difference in social activities between the collaborators' daily lives was found to be associated with collaborative information seeking performance and (2) one member of a team – one who has lower social interaction – might significantly influence the outcomes for the team. The results pave way for future study design and analysis in the area of sensor‐enhanced collaborative information seeking.
Surface functionalization of WSe2 by F16CoPc
Authors: Rückerl Florian , Klaproth Tom , Schuster Roman , Büchner Bernd , Knupfer Martin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe have investigated the electronic properties of WSe2 surfaces covered by fluorinated cobalt phthalocyanine (F16CoPc) using photoemission spectroscopy. We show that a charge transfer occurs at this interface, which results in the creation of holes in the WSe2 surface while the Co center of the phthalocyanine is reduced to Co(I). We observe a potential change in WSe2 approaching the surface as a consequence of the induced positive charges near the surface. In addition, our data allow for a rough estimation of the induced charge density and suggest that the holes might be localized.
The dynamics of the extratropical response to Madden–Julian Oscillation convection
Authors: Lukens Katherine E. , Feldstein Steven B. , Yoo Changhyun , Lee Sukyoung 
Published: December 2016

The Rossby wave source (RWS) and the corresponding extratropical wave response to tropical convection associated with different phases of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is investigated with the dynamical core of a climate model. The initial flow is specified to correspond to the boreal winter climatological flow and an imposed tropical heating that is derived from the observed precipitation for all eight MJO phases. One key question addressed here is why does the extratropical Rossby wave train depart the subtropics at a longitude well to the east of the RWS.For all eight MJO phases, it is found that the extratropical response over the North Pacific and North America is almost entirely due to the MJO convection over the western tropical Pacific. The RWS is excited within the first 24 h after the model heating is turned on. For MJO phases 1–3 and 8, the RWS leads to the development of a cyclonic anomaly over southeast Asia via advection of the climatological absolute vorticity by the anomalous divergent wind in the subtropics and by horizontal convergence in the Tropics. MJO phases 4–7 show opposite features. The resulting anomaly is then advected eastward by the climatological zonal wind toward the central Pacific, after which dispersion into the extratropics and the excitation of a Pacific/North American teleconnection pattern takes place.
Pre‐filtering and post‐filtering in gain‐scheduled output‐feedback control
Authors: Sehr Martin A. , de Oliveira Maurício C. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryLinear matrix inequality (LMI) design conditions for gain‐scheduled output‐feedback
control rely on assumptions constraining either system or controller matrices. Throughout the literature, it is common practice to avoid imposing restrictive assumptions on the controller, which may appear undesirable, in favor of state augmentations via pre‐filtering and post‐filtering to construct auxiliary augmented systems that comply with the alternative assumptions on the system matrices. This technique brings in the additional cost of increased state dimensions of the resulting gain‐scheduled output‐feedback controllers. In this paper, we explore the interplay and inherent trade‐offs between state augmentation, controller structure, and performance. We revisit LMI design conditions for quadratic output‐feedback
control and demonstrate that state augmentation via pre‐filtering and post‐filtering in order to avoid constraints on the controller matrices is never advantageous even without taking into account the added complexity and propensity for numerical issues associated with state augmentation. As an additional contribution, we extend this observation to recently introduced modified LMI conditions allowing combined – however less restrictive – assumptions on system and controller matrices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A C18 Quaternary Ammonium Library
Authors: Porosa Lukasz , Deng Hellen , Bedard Joseph , Lough Alan J. , Wolfaardt Gideon , Foucher Daniel A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA library of precursor and functionally active quaternary ammonium cations (QACs) for use as corrosion resistant and or antimicrobial coatings, or alternatively as polymer modifiers, is described. High yielding and improved routes to a series of functionally terminated allyl ([(CH2=CH‐CH2)m‐N+(Me)n‐C18H37][X−], 1: m=1, n=2, X−=Br−, 3: m=2, n=1, X−=I−, 4: m=3, n=0, X−=Br−) vinyl ([CH2=CHCH2CH2‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Br−] 5), hydroxy ([HO‐(CH2)m‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Br−], 6: m=3, 7: m=4), haloalkyl ([X1‐(CH2)3‐N+Me2‐C18H37][X−] 8: X1=Br, X=Br−, 9: X1=Cl, X=I−), dimethoxyphenethyl ([(MeO)2C6H3(CH2)2‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Br−], 11), acetamido ([H3C(O)NH‐(CH2)3‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Cl−], 12) cyano ([N≡C–CH2‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Cl−], 13), organocarbonylamino ([R‐C(O)2NH‐(CH2)3‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Br−], 14: R=t‐Bu‐, 15: R=PhCH2‐), phthalimido ([PhthN‐(CH2)3‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Br−], 16), amino ([H2N‐(CH2)3‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Br−] 17), acetylthio ([HC(O)S‐(CH2)3‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Cl−], 18), thiol ([HS‐(CH2)3‐N+Me2‐C18H37][Cl−] 19), disulfa ([‐S‐(CH2)2‐N+Me2‐C18H37]2[Br−]2, 20) C18 QACs prepared by thermal and or microwave driven Menshutkin reactions are detailed. All new compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, HRMS spectrometry and in the case of 1 and 6 by X‐ray crystallography.
Effect of Low Cadmium Concentration on the Removal Efficiency and Mechanisms in Microbial Electrolysis Cells
Authors: Colantonio Natalie , Guo Hui , Kim Younggy 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMicrobial electrolysis cells (MECs) can be used to remove cadmium (Cd2+) via three removal mechanisms: electrodeposition; chemical precipitation; and biosorption. Here, we investigated how cadmium concentration affects its removal mechanisms and efficiency in lab‐scale MECs. For 10, 50, and 100 μg‐Cd/L, cadmium was removed by electrodeposition and biosorption without chemical precipitation. The total amount of cadmium removed by electrodeposition increased from 0.96 to 7.7 μg with the increasing cadmium concentration while its fractional contribution was stationary at 8–10 %. The fractional contribution of biosorption dropped from 59 % to 4 % with the increasing cadmium concentration, but the mass removed by biosorption (3‐6 μg) was relatively unaffected by the initial cadmium concentration. For the low concentrations, the cadmium removal was not sufficiently high, varying 13 to 69 %. However, at 2.5 mg‐Cd/L, effective removal of cadmium (93 % removal in 7 days) was observed and electrodeposition made the largest contribution to cadmium removal (68 %) while chemical precipitation (18 %) and biosorption (14 %) was relatively minor. These findings showed that cadmium concentration governs the removal mechanisms as well as the removal efficiency in MECs.
Activation of KLF1 Enhances the Differentiation and Maturation of Red Blood Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Yang Cheng-Tao , Ma Rui , Axton Richard A. , Jackson Melany , Taylor A. Helen , Fidanza Antonella , Marenah Lamin , Frayne Jan , Mountford Joanne C. , Forrester Lesley M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Blood transfusion is widely used in the clinic but the source of red blood cells (RBCs) is dependent on donors, procedures are susceptible to transfusion-transmitted infections and complications can arise from immunological incompatibility. Clinically-compatible and scalable protocols that allow the production of RBCs from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been described but progress to translation has been hampered by poor maturation and fragility of the resultant cells. Genetic programming using transcription factors has been used to drive lineage determination and differentiation so we used this approach to assess whether exogenous expression of the Erythroid Krüppel-like factor 1 (EKLF/KLF1) could augment the differentiation and stability of iPSC-derived RBCs. To activate KLF1 at defined time points during later stages of the differentiation process and to avoid transgene silencing that is commonly observed in differentiating pluripotent stem cells, we targeted a tamoxifen-inducible KLF1-ERT2 expression cassette into the AAVS1 locus. Activation of KLF1 at day 10 of the differentiation process when hematopoietic progenitor cells were present, enhanced erythroid commitment and differentiation. Continued culture resulted the appearance of more enucleated cells when KLF1 was activated which is possibly due to their more robust morphology. Globin profiling indicated that these conditions produced embryonic-like erythroid cells. This study demonstrates the successful use of an inducible genetic programing strategy that could be applied to the production of many other cell lineages from human induced pluripotent stem cells with the integration of programming factors into the AAVS1 locus providing a safer and more reproducible route to the clinic.
Interactive effects of wood decomposer fungal activities and bryophytes on spruce seedling regeneration on coarse woody debris
Authors: Ando Yoko , Fukasawa Yu , Oishi Yoshitaka 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDecaying logs are important seedbeds in boreal and subalpine forests. However, biotic and abiotic factors and their interactions related to seedling colonization patterns on logs remain unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of bryophyte communities, wood decay type (white‐, brown‐, and soft‐rot) owing to decomposer fungal activities, and environmental abiotic factors on seedling establishment in an old‐growth subalpine coniferous forest in Japan. Among the tree species recorded on the conifer logs, Picea jezoensis var. hondoensis was the most dominant. Log surfaces were covered with distinctive patches of liverwort Scapania bolanderi and moss Pleurozium schreberi (approximately 33% cover for each). Redundancy analysis showed that brown‐rot in sapwood significantly affects the bryophyte and seedling community on the logs. Generalized linear models suggested that the total bryophyte cover, Scapania cover, and white‐rot in heartwood positively associate with Picea seedling density, whereas Pleurozium cover and basal area of adjacent Picea adults negatively associate with Picea seedling density. Results of structural equation modeling suggested that the brown‐rot of sapwood positively associates with Scapania cover that has a positive effect on Picea seedling density. Furthermore, brown‐rot of sapwood inhibited the Pleurozium cover, thus contributing to the Scapania dominance on the logs. These results suggest that fungal wood decomposer activities affect colonization of Picea seedlings in an indirect way via structuring bryophyte community on the logs.
Sleep changes without medial temporal lobe or brain cortical changes in community‐dwelling individuals with subjective cognitive decline
Authors: Lauriola Mariella , Esposito Roberto , Delli Pizzi Stefano , de Zambotti Massimiliano , Londrillo Francesco , Kramer Joel H. , Rabinovici Gil D. , Tartaro Armando 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionSubjective cognitive decline (SCD) is a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although sleep has been shown to be altered in MCI and AD, little is known about sleep in SCD.MethodsSeventy cognitively normal community‐dwelling participants were classified as SCD (32) or controls (38) using the Subjective Cognitive Decline Questionnaire. Sleep was assessed using actigraphy and diaries. FreeSurfer was used for performing medial temporal lobes (MTLs) and brain cortical parcellation of 3T magnetic resonance images. Multiple regression models were used to assess the presence of sleep, MTL, or regional cortical differences between groups.ResultsObjective sleep was disrupted in SCD participants, which showed increased nighttime wakefulness and reduced sleep efficiency. No group differences emerged in subjective sleep or magnetic resonance imaging outcomes.DiscussionObjective sleep resulted disrupted in community‐dwelling SCD, without any subjective sleep or cortical change. Sleep assessment/intervention in SCD might help prevent/delay AD onset.
STARTING ON THE RIGHT FOOT: DOES SCHOOL CHOICE AFFECT VETERINARIAN STARTING SALARIES?
Authors: NEILL CLINTON L. , HOLCOMB RODNEY B. , BRORSEN B. WADE 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:Both schools and industry members are concerned about wages in the veterinary profession that are low relative to the years of schooling and tuition costs. This study examines the differences in starting salaries for the 2009–2014 graduates of the 28 schools accredited by the American Veterinary Medicine Association. Findings show relatively small (less than $4,000) but statistically significant differences in starting salaries related to school choice. A larger differential effect is present among the different practice types of veterinary medicine, with equine practitioners and private industry veterinarians (e.g., pharmaceutical researchers) representing the least and greatest average starting salaries, respectively.
A Society of Individuals
Authors: GAUTHIER DAVID 
Published: December 2016

In “A Society of Individuals,” I sketch a society that has no good of its own, no social end, but exists to enable each individual member better to pursue his own good, facilitating cooperation, and resolving the basic Interaction Problem (exemplified by the Prisoner’s Dilemma): that utility-maximization and Pareto-optimization are sometimes incompatible. The orthodox defend the rationality of maximization; I defend Pareto-optimization. I argue that if (per impossible) we could determine the features of our society by prior agreement we would agree to a Society of Individuals, and that we would agree ex ante to some social practice or institution is the best possible justification of it holding for us.I then sketch some of the main features of the Society. In doing this I assume that members of the Society are not all adherents of contractarianism, but may hold any of a number of reasonable views, which the Society must seek to accommodate. I consider how several alleged rights, such as a right to resources, fare in the Society. And I conclude with the idea that contractarianism, in arguing that each adult member of society enjoys equal citizenship, must afford each the right to participate in choosing and dismissing governments. We may then think the emergence of a Society of Individuals is democracy’s fulfillment.
‘You're not really a visitor, you're just a friend’: how older volunteers navigate home visiting
Authors: LILBURN LUCY E. R. , BREHENY MARY , POND RACHAEL 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTAt the intersection of increasing social support needs due to population ageing and the promotion of older age as a time of contribution and social connection, volunteering is an important focus with advantages for older people. One service that addresses both these imperatives is home visiting services. Home visiting services connect home visitors with isolated older people. To examine how older people navigate volunteering for a home visiting service, six visitors were interviewed and the interviews were analysed using discourse analysis. A professionalism discourse was used to construct home visiting as a structured social support service that improved the lives of isolated older people. A personal relationship discourse constructed home visiting as an opportunity to forge long-term relationships that benefit both parties. At times these two discourses created tension for home visitors. Examining how the home visiting service is described by the service organisation online explains these tensions. The online materials construct active older volunteers as providing professional services while those they visit are constructed as receiving friendship. These discourses provide different ageing identities for visitors from those they visit, which contributes to the difficulties in navigating home visiting services. Addressing these tensions will enable service co-ordinators to better meet the needs of both visitors and clients in the context of increasing need for such services.
Stimulated Brillouin backscattering of hollow Gaussian laser beam in collisionless plasma under relativistic–ponderomotive regime
Authors: Gauniyal R. , Ahmad N. , Rawat P. , Gaur B. , Mahmoud S.T. , Purohit G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStimulated Brillouin backscattering of an intense hollow Gaussian laser beam (HGLB) from collisionless plasma has been investigated under relativistic–ponderomotive regime. The main feature of considered hollow Gaussian laser beam is having the same power at different beam orders with null intensity at the center. Backscattered radiation is generated due to nonlinear interaction between main beam (pump beam) with pre-excited ion acoustic wave (IAW). Modified coupled equations has been set up for the beam width parameters of the main beam, ion-acoustic wave, back-scattered wave, and back reflectivity of stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) with the help of the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation, fluid equations and paraxial theory approach. These coupled equations are solved analytically and numerically to study the laser intensity in the plasma, the variation of amplitude of the excited IAW and back reflectivity of SBS. The back reflectivity of SBS is found to be highly sensitive to the order of the HGLB, intensity of main laser beam, and plasma density for typical laser and plasma parameters. The focusing of main laser beam (hollow Gaussian) and IAW significantly affected the back reflectivity of SBS. The results show that the self-focusing and back reflectivity is enhanced for higher order modes of HGLB.
Involving patients and carers in developing the radiotherapy curriculum: enhancing compassion
Authors: Hodgson Denyse , Taylor Amy , Knowles Vicki , Colley Martin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground:This article describes a collaborative project that aimed to develop a patient-centred curriculum in radiotherapy. In the wake of the Francis report in 2013 and a call for compassion to be a central tenet of health programmes, the project was a timely opportunity to enhance the radiotherapy curriculum.Methods:Collaboration between university staff and patients and carers using the service improvement model Plan-Do-Study-Act was the method employed for the curriculum project. Two key discussion forums helped shape the curriculum plan, with module and course evaluation continuing to inform developments.Results:The key outcome of the project is that it has shaped the 'care' theme evident in the current undergraduate programme. Co-production methods resulted in the development of a range of shared classroom activities that focus on experiences, care values and communication strategies. The new curriculum has evaluated positively and the impact of learning is demonstrated both in the classroom and clinical setting. The project team have also influenced recruitment processes and patient and carer involvement in programme approval is embedded.Conclusion:Working together, with patients and carers is an ideal method to enhance the curriculum and reflect the requirements in practice of current health and social care professions. Further developments in student assessment are planned.
Development and validation of the Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS)
Authors: Kozlov Elissa , Carpenter Brian D. , Rodebaugh Thomas L. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTObjective:The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid scale that broadly measures knowledge about palliative care among non-healthcare professionals.Method:An initial item pool of 38 true/false questions was developed based on extensive qualitative and quantitative pilot research. The preliminary items were tested with a community sample of 614 adults aged 18–89 years as well as 30 palliative care professionals. The factor structure, reliability, stability, internal consistency, and validity of the 13-item Palliative Care Knowledge Scale (PaCKS) were assessed.Results:The results of our study indicate that the PaCKS meets or exceeds the standards for psychometric scale development.Significance of results:Prior to this study, there were no psychometrically evaluated scales with which to assess knowledge of palliative care. Our study developed the PaCKS, which is valid for assessing knowledge about palliative services in the general population. With the successful development of this instrument, new research exploring how knowledge about palliative care influences access and utilization of the service is possible. Prior research in palliative care access and utilization has not assessed knowledge of palliative care, though many studies have suggested that knowledge deficits contribute to underutilization of these services. Creating a scale that measures knowledge about palliative care is a critical first step toward understanding and combating potential barriers to access and utilization of this life-improving service.