bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efecto ambiental en características fisicoquímicas de papas de la Mesa Central de México
Authors: Vázquez-Carrillo María Gricelda , Santiago-Ramos David , Rubio-Covarrubias Oswaldo Ángel , Torres Cervantes Celene Margot , Ayala-Rosas Alma Rosa , Vargas-Vázquez Ma. Luisa Patricia 
Published: January 2018

En la Mesa Central de México, el estrés biótico y abiótico que sufren las plantas de papa, induce la acumulación de fenoles y azucares reductores en los tubérculos, lo que reduce su calidad comercial. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el efecto de localidad y de genotipo en las características de calidad, contenido de azucares reductores, fenoles y actividad antioxidante de seis genotipos de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.). Se investigaron la variedad Fianna y los clones: Nau, 5-10, 8-29, 99-39 y 99-38, los cuales fueron cultivados en Raíces (3 500 msnm) y Metepec (2 600 msnm), ambas en los Valles Altos del Centro de México. Todas las variables físicas y químicas mostraron diferencias altamente significativas (p< 0.01) por efecto de la interacción localidad x genotipo. En Raíces los tubérculos presentaron mayor gravedad específica (1.085), contenido de materia seca (22.07 %) y almidón (17.6 %), así como menor contenido de fenoles solubles totales (198.2 mg/100 g fw). En Metepec los tubérculos fueron de menor calidad y sintetizaron mayor cantidad de azúcares reductores (0.23 g/100 g de peso fresco) y fenoles (313.33 mg/100 g) debido a la incidencia de la enfermedad de la punta morada. Se encontró una correlación alta entre el contenido de fenoles y la actividad antioxidante (r= 0.87, p< 0.01). El clon 5-10 y la variedad Fianna cultivada en Raíces presentaron las mejores características de calidad, por lo que fueron aptas para el consumo en fresco y para la producción de snaks.
Estimación de parámetros genéticos y selección de líneas S1 en una población segregante de maíz tropical
Authors: Rebolloza Hernández Hermes , Castillo Gutiérrez Antonio , Carapia Ruíz Vicente Emilio , Andrade Rodríguez María , Villegas Torres Oscar Gabriel , Núñez Valdés María Eugenia , Suárez Rodríguez Ramón , Perdomo Roldán Francisco 
Published: January 2018

En México se cultivan 7.5 millones de hectáreas con maíz, con un rendimiento de grano promedio de 3.2 t ha-1, una estrategia para incrementar el rendimiento es el uso de variedades mejoradas. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: 1) estimar los parámetros genéticos en una población segregante de maíz tropical; 2) seleccionar líneas S1 con base en el rendimiento de grano y precocidad; y 3) determinar la correlación fenotípica y genética entre caracteres. El germoplasma de estudio fueron 193 líneas S1 segregantes, los progenitores y un testigo, las líneas S1 provienen de la población F2 de la cruza de Ac7643 x B-39. Las líneas se evaluaron bajo riego usando un diseño látice alfa con dos repeticiones, en los ciclos primavera-verano 2013 y otoño-invierno 2013/2014, en Ayala, Morelos. Las variables registradas fueron días a floración masculina (FM) y femenina (FF), sincronía floral (SF), altura de planta (AP) y mazorca (AM), y rendimiento de grano (RG). Los resultados indican que el coeficiente de variación genético aditivo para RG fue de 17% y en FM de 4%; la heredabilidad para los mismos caracteres resultó de 0.42 y 0.80, respectivamente. La ganancia genética esperada para RG fue de 0.143 t ha-1 y para FM de -0.62 d. La línea LUM-80 resultó con herencia transgresiva positiva en RG. Las correlaciones fenotípicas y genéticas entre RG y el resto de caracteres fueron bajas. El alto grado de variabilidad genética presente en la población segregante permite continuar con el programa de mejoramiento genético.
Rehabilitación de una pradera de pasto Insurgente con diferentes métodos de manejo
Authors: Martínez-Méndez Daniel , Enríquez-Quiroz Javier Francisco , Ortega-Jiménez Eusebio , Esqueda-Esquivel Valentín A. , Hernández-Garay Alfonso , Escalante-Estrada J. Alberto  S. 
Published: January 2018

La degradación de una pradera afecta directamente la producción de forraje, lo cual repercute en baja productividad por unidad de superficie. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar labores mecánicas (chapeo y rastra), fertilización (46-23-00 de N, P y K) y control químico de maleza para rehabilitar una pradera de pasto Insurgente, en el municipio de Medellín, Veracruz. El experimento se realizó de septiembre de 2011 a diciembre de 2012, durante dos periodos de lluvias, en un arreglo bloques al azar. Las variables evaluadas fueron: cobertura vegetal, densidad de plantas y producción de materia seca (MS). La condición inicial de la pradera fue la siguiente: pasto Insurgente: cobertura 27% y 4.8 plantas m-2 y, maleza de hoja ancha: cobertura 56% y 50.3 plantas m-2. Las malezas dominantes fueron Desmodium spp. y Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. El análisis mostró diferencias estadísticas (p≤ 0.05) en todas las variables. En el primer periodo, la mayor cobertura de pasto Insurgente (99%), menor cobertura de maleza (1%) y menor densidad de maleza (menos de 6 plantas m-2) se observó en los tratamientos de control químico, resultando en mayor acumulación de MS (de 5 475 a 6 381 kg ha-1). En el segundo periodo con el control químico se observó mayor cobertura de pasto Insurgente (>90%), menor cobertura de maleza (<14%) y más MS, la cual varió de 1 122 a 4 719 kg ha-1, superando a los demás tratamientos. Se concluye que el control químico de maleza mejoró la producción de forraje de la pradera de pasto Insurgente.
Efecto de poda en escama blanca y producción de mango ‘Ataulfo’Maria Hilda Pérez Barraza
Authors: Pérez Barraza Maria Hilda , Urías López Mario Alfonso , Osuna García Jorge Alberto , Pérez Luna Adriana Isabel , Nolasco González Yolanda , García Álvarez Nadia Carolina 
Published: January 2018

El alto porte y copas cerradas en frutales crean condiciones propicias para el desarrollo de plagas, reducción en el rendimiento y dificultan las prácticas de manejo. El crecimiento de los árboles puede ser controlado mediante la poda, lo que favorece la penetración de la luz, alta productividad y calidad del fruto.El objetivo fue conocer el efecto de diferentes tipos e intensidad de poda, sola o combinada con detergente, sobre poblaciones de escama blanca, producción y calidad de fruto de mango ‘Ataulfo’. El estudio se realizó durante 2012-2013 y 2013-2014 en huertos del municipio de Tepic, Nayarit. Se establecieron dos experimentos: uno para determinar el efecto de intensidad de poda (0, 50 y 75 cm de despunte) y otros con tipos de poda (sin poda, tipo cubo y tipo pino), con o sin aplicación de detergente bajo un diseño experimental completamente al azar con arreglo factorial (3*2). La intensidad y tipos de poda disminuyeron 15- 20% la floración en el año inmediato a la poda, pero en el segundo año ésta se incrementó en árboles podados. Al segundo año, árboles con poda ligera y severa incrementaron el rendimiento en 26 y 20%, respectivamente, respecto a los testigos; con poda tipo cubo y pino el incremento fue 14% y 21%, respectivamente. Los árboles podados produjeron frutos de mayor peso y no tuvieron daño por escama, en tanto que árboles sin poda y sin detergente presentaron leve daño por escama. La poda y la aplicación de detergente en árboles de mango mantienen bajas las poblaciones de escama blanca en los meses de mayor incidencia.
Conservación del Ambiente Basado en la Construcción de Cercas Vivas
Authors: Veras Burgos Nancy Yuraima 
Published: January 2018

La presente investigación reflexiona sobre la conservación del ambiente, considerando, la necesidad de preservar los recursos naturales de una manera cónsona con el desarrollo de la educación ambiental , en tal sentido plantea como meta fundamental desarrollar un plan para la conservación del ambiente basado en la construcción de cercas vivas en la escuela básica pablo María Alisa Barinas estado Barinas, para los aportes teóricos que sustentan la investigación se consultaron, diferentes autores y enfoque relativos a la conservación del medio ambiente. La misma se desarrollará dentro del paradigma cualitativo y centrado en una investigación acción participante, en relación al diseño es de campo, por cuanto la recolección de datos se realizó directamente de los sujetos investigados, en lo que respecta a los informantes, se tomaron, cuatros (04) sujetos objetos de estudio, en cuanto a la técnica de recolección de datos se utilizó la entrevista y la observación. Finalmente, los resultados formarán la propuesta de aplicación para contribuir en la construcción de las cercas vivas.
Intramedullary Nailing of Both Bone Forearm Fractures in Children by Rush Nails and Titanium Elastic Nails
Authors: Dwivedi Rajeev , Joshi Ruban , Byanjankar Subin , Panthi Sagar , Shrestha Rahul , Ale Som 
Published: January 2018

INTRODUCTION: Forearm fractures are common upper limb injuries among children and usually treated nonoperatively. Failure of nonoperative treatment, open injuries and multiple fractures are the indications for surgery in paediatric both bone forearm fractures. Intramedullary (IM) nailing is considered as minimally invasive procedure with excellent to fair outcomes but it is not free of complications. We reviewed the results and compared the outcomes of IM fixation by Rush nails with titanium elastic nails (TENs), to understand the risks and complications associated with this procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all paediatric patients treated for diaphyseal forearm fractures from January 2011 to December 2015. Complications were classified according to modified Clavien-Dindo complication classification system. Outcomes were graded depending upon complication grade along with range of motion of forearm. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference for mean time to fracture union between the Rush nailing (10.56 weeks ) group and TENs nailing group (9.85weeks) (P = 0.43). There was no statistically significant difference in outcomes between Rush nailing and TENs nailing group p=0.65. In Rush nailing group outcomes were excellent in 16 (64%), good in 7(28%), fair in 2( 8%) patients and no poor outcome were noted. In TENs nailing group outcomes were excellent in 11 (55%) , good in 6 (30%), fair in 3 (15%) patients and no poor outcomes were noted. CONCLUSION: Fixation of pediatric forearm fractures by intramedullary Rush nails and titanium elastic nails (TENs) are minimally invasive procedures and results are excellent to fair with acceptable complication rates. Since Rush nails are easily available and affordable in developing countries like ours we can prefer Rush nails for intramedullary fixation of paediatric forearm fracture when indicated. Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences (2016) Vol.04 No.01 Issue 13, Page: 10-15
Quasi-periodic Behavior of Mini-disks in Binary Black Holes Approaching Merger
Authors: Bowen Dennis B. , Mewes Vassilios , Campanelli Manuela , Noble Scott C. , Krolik Julian H. , Zilhão Miguel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present the first magnetohydrodynamic simulation in which a circumbinary disk around a relativistic binary black hole feeds mass to individual accretion disks (“mini-disks”) around each black hole. Mass flow through the accretion streams linking the circumbinary disk to the mini-disks is modulated quasi-periodically by the streams’ interaction with a nonlinear m = 1 density feature, or “lump,” at the inner edge of the circumbinary disk: the stream supplying each mini-disk comes into phase with the lump at a frequency 0.74 times the binary orbital frequency. Because the binary is relativistic, the tidal truncation radii of the mini-disks are not much larger than their innermost stable circular orbits; consequently, the mini-disks’ inflow times are shorter than the conventional estimate and are comparable to the stream modulation period. As a result, the mini-disks are always in inflow disequilibrium, with their masses and spiral density wave structures responding to the stream’s quasi-periodic modulation. The fluctuations in each mini-disk’s mass are so large that as much as 75% of the total mini-disk mass can be contained within a single mini-disk. Such quasi-periodic modulation of the mini-disk structure may introduce distinctive time-dependent features in the binary’s electromagnetic emission.
Requirement for CD40/CD40L Interactions for Development of Autoimmunity Differs Depending on Specific Checkpoint and Costimulatory Pathways
Authors: Voynova Elisaveta , Mahmoud Tamer , Woods Lucas T , Weisman Gary A , Ettinger Rachel , Braley-Mullen Helen 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
CD40/CD40L interactions play a critical role in immunity and autoimmunity. In this study, we sought to understand the requirement for CD40 signaling in the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) checkpoint and CD28 costimulatory pathways important for maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Blocking either pathway can result in loss of self-tolerance and development of autoimmunity. We found that primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (ATDs) that develop spontaneously in CD28-deficient IFN-γ−/− NOD.H-2h4 (CD28−/−) mice required CD40 signaling. Specifically, blockade of CD40L with the anti-CD40L mAb, MR1, inhibited autoantibody production and inflammation in thyroid and salivary gland target tissues. Unexpectedly, however, ATD and pSS in PD-1–deficient IFN-γ−/− NOD.H-2h4 (PD-1−/−) mice developed independently of CD40/CD40L interactions. Treatment with MR1 had no effect and even exacerbated disease development in pSS and ATD, respectively. Most interesting, anti-thyroglobulin and pSS-associated autoantibodies were increased following anti-CD40L treatment, even though MR1 effectively inhibited the spontaneous splenic germinal centers that form in PD-1–deficient mice. Importantly, blockade of the PD-1 pathway by administration of anti–PD-1 mAb in CD28−/− mice recapitulated the PD-1−/− phenotype, significantly impacting the ability of MR1 to suppress ATD and pSS in these mice. These results indicate that there can be different pathways and requirements to autoimmune pathogenesis depending on the availability of specific checkpoint and costimulatory receptors, and an intact PD-1 pathway is apparently required for inhibition of autoimmunity by anti-CD40L.
Spatial characterization of long-term hydrological change in the Arkavathy watershed adjacent to Bangalore, India
Authors: Penny Gopal , Srinivasan Veena , Dronova Iryna , Lele Sharachchandra , Thompson Sally 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The complexity and heterogeneity of human water use over large
spatial areas and decadal timescales can impede the understanding of
hydrological change, particularly in regions with sparse monitoring of the
water cycle. In the Arkavathy watershed in southern India, surface water
inflows to major reservoirs decreased over a 40-year period during which
urbanization, groundwater depletion, modification of the river network, and
changes in agricultural practices also occurred. These multiple, interacting
drivers combined with limited hydrological monitoring make attribution of the
causes of diminishing water resources in the watershed challenging and impede
effective policy responses. To mitigate these challenges, we developed a novel,
spatially distributed dataset to understand hydrological change by
characterizing the residual trends in surface water extent that remain after
controlling for precipitation variations and comparing the trends with
historical land use maps to assess human drivers of change. Using an
automated classification approach with subpixel unmixing, we classified water
extent in nearly 1700 man-made lakes, or tanks, in Landsat images from 1973
to 2010. The classification results compared well with a reference dataset of
water extent of tanks (R2 = 0.95). We modeled the water extent of
42 clusters of tanks in a multiple regression on simple hydrological
covariates (including precipitation) and time.
Inter-annual variability in precipitation accounted for 63 % of the
predicted variability in water extent. However, precipitation did not exhibit
statistically significant trends in any part of the watershed. After
controlling for precipitation variability, we found statistically significant
temporal trends in water extent, both positive and negative, in 13 of the
clusters. Based on a water balance argument, we inferred that these trends
likely reflect a non-stationary relationship between precipitation and
watershed runoff. Independently of precipitation, water extent increased in a
region downstream of Bangalore, likely due to increased urban effluents, and
declined in the northern portion of the Arkavathy. Comparison of the drying
trends with land use indicated that they were most strongly associated with
irrigated agriculture, sourced almost exclusively by groundwater. This
suggests that groundwater abstraction was a major driver of hydrological
change in this watershed. Disaggregating the watershed-scale hydrological
response via remote sensing of surface water bodies over multiple decades
yielded a spatially resolved characterization of hydrological change in an
otherwise poorly monitored watershed. This approach presents an opportunity
to understand hydrological change in heavily managed watersheds where surface
water bodies integrate upstream runoff and can be delineated using satellite
imagery.
La influencia de las Artes como motor de bienestar: un estudio exploratorio
Authors: Calderón-Garrido Diego , Martín-Piñol Carolina , Gustems-Carnicer Josep , Portela-Fontán Ana 
Published: January 2018

Las funciones del arte han sido objeto de estudio de numerosas investigaciones en las últimas décadas, aunque son pocos los estudios centrados en conocer la vinculación entre el arte y bienestar desde el punto de vista del sujeto participante. En este trabajo se muestran los resultados de un estudio descriptivo exploratorio correlacional que analiza la vinculación entre el arte y el bienestar mediante un cuestionario on-line ad hoc, aplicado a 462 personas de diferente edad, sexo, nivel de estudios y experiencia artística. Una amplia mayoría de ellas considera que el arte siempre puede mejorar su estado anímico siendo la música el arte preferido para ello. Algunos consideran que el arte es más eficaz que otras técnicas como el deporte para crear bienestar aunque la mayoría prefiere combinarlo con otras disciplinas. Las personas con una formación o experiencia artística son más proclives a usar cualquier manifestación artística para crear el bienestar.
Social factor comparisons of noun and verb insertion patterns in Spanish and English bilingual clauses
Authors: Smith Daniel 
Published: January 2018

This paper compares noun and verb insertion in bilingual clauses in a Spanish and English bilingual data corpus collected in northeast Georgia (U.S.A.). Even though Myers-Scotton and Jake (2014) have given grammatical reasons why verbs theoretically can be as easily inserted as nouns, most bilingual data corpora, from many different language contact settings, show that far more nouns than verbs of one language are inserted into clauses of the other language. The northeast Georgia Hispanic community data set examined here is no exception. Analysis of the northeast Georgia data reveal that some social factors are associated with higher EL verb use. Children, who have more English proficiency in general than adults, insert more verbs into bilingual clauses than adults. Female gender, higher socio-economic status, and other than Mexican national origin are also associated with higher EL verb use.
Are pumas subordinate carnivores, and does it matter?
Authors: Elbroch L. Mark , Kusler Anna 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundInterspecific competition affects species fitness, community assemblages and structure, and the geographic distributions of species. Established dominance hierarchies among species mitigate the need for fighting and contribute to the realized niche for subordinate species. This is especially important for apex predators, many of which simultaneous contend with the costs of competition with more dominant species and the costs associated with human hunting and lethal management.MethodsPumas are a widespread solitary felid heavily regulated through hunting to reduce conflicts with livestock and people. Across their range, pumas overlap with six apex predators (gray wolf, grizzly bear, American black bear, jaguar, coyote, maned wolf), two of which (gray wolf, grizzly bear) are currently expanding in North America following recovery efforts. We conducted a literature search to assess whether pumas were subordinate or dominant with sympatric apex predators, as well as with three felid mesocarnivores with similar ecology (ocelot, bobcat, Canada lynx). We also conducted an analysis of the spatial distributions of pumas and their dominant sympatric competitors to estimate in what part of their range, pumas are dominant versus subordinate.ResultsWe used 64 sources to assess dominance among pumas and other apex predators, and 13 sources to assess their relationships with felid mesocarnivores. Evidence suggested that wolves, grizzly bears, black bears, and jaguars are dominant over pumas, but that pumas are dominant over coyotes and maned wolves. Evidence suggested that pumas are also dominant over all three felid mesocarnivores with which they share range. More broadly, pumas are subordinate to at least one other apex carnivore in 10,799,252 (47.5%) of their 22,735,268 km2range across North and South America.DiscussionSubordinate pumas change their habitat use, suffer displacement at food sources, likely experience increased energetic demands from harassment, exhibit increased starvation, and are sometimes directly killed in competitive interactions with dominant competitors. Nevertheless, we lack research clearly linking the costs of competition to puma fitness. Further, we lack research that assesses the influence of human effects simultaneous with the negative effects of competition with other sympatric carnivores. Until the time that we understand whether competitive effects are additive with human management, or even potentially synergistic, we encourage caution among managers responsible for determining harvest limits for pumas and other subordinate, apex carnivores in areas where they are sympatric with dominant species. This may be especially important information for managers working in regions where wolves and brown bears are recolonizing and recovering, and historic competition scenarios among multiple apex predators are being realized.
Methyl Violet Degradation Using Photocatalytic and Photoelectrocatalytic Processes Over Graphite/PbTiO3 Composite
Authors: Purnawan Candra , Wahyuningsih Sayekti , Nawakusuma Vaishnavita 
Published: January 2018

Photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic degradation of methyl violet dye using Graphite/PbTiO3 composites has been conducted. The purposes of this research were to examine photocatalytic and photoelectrocatalytic degradation of methyl violet using Graphite/PbTiO3 composite. Synthesis of Graphite/PbTiO3 composite was successfully performed via sol-gel method by mixing graphite powder, titanium tetra isopropoxide precursor solution (TTIP) and Pb(NO3)2. The Graphite/PbTiO3 composites were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The XRD diffractogram and IR spectrum of Graphite/PbTiO3 composite revealed all characteristic peak of graphite and PbTiO3. Photocatalytic degradation process showed that Graphite/PbTiO3 composite with ratio 1/1 decreased concentrations of methyl violet up to 92.20 %. While photoelectrocatalytic degradation processed for 30 minutes at neutral pH and 10 V voltage degraded the methyl violet until 94 %. However, the photoelectrocatalysis is still not significance to improve methyl violet degradation compared with photocatalysis.