bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman spectroscopic analysis of an important Visigothic historiated manuscript
Authors: Carter Elizabeth A. , Perez Fernando Rull , Garcia Jesús Medina , Edwards Howell G. M. 
Published: November 2016

Raman spectroscopy has been used to study fragments of early Visigothic historiated manuscripts from the important mediaeval library at Santo Domingo de Silos which were a part of a Beato dating from the tenth to the mid-eleventh centuries. These fragments are from some of the oldest manuscripts in the scriptorium of the monastery. In this study, a comparison is made between the pigments and inks used on these manuscripts and those used in a previous study of the unique Visigothic Beato de Valcavado in Santa Cruz, Valladolid, completed in the year 970, which is noted for its quality of execution as well as its content and is remarkable eschatologically in being identifiable as the complete work of only a single scribe. For comparative purposes, the pigments and inks used in the Silos Monastery Beato and a series of historiated early manuscripts from mediaeval times through to the Renaissance also held in the monastic library were analysed. Raman spectroscopy identified a range of mineral and organic pigments such as cinnabar, orpiment, minium, azurite and indigo. In addition, a number of admixtures were found, for example, indigo and orpiment to produce vergaut (green) and a mixture of cinnabar with iron-gall ink and cerussite to produce darker and lighter shades of red. Some interesting conclusions were drawn about the use of iron-gall and carbon-based inks.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology’.
The Ring Monstrance from the Loreto treasury in Prague: handheld Raman spectrometer for identification of gemstones
Authors: Jehlička Jan , Culka Adam , Baštová Markéta , Bašta Petr , Kuntoš Jaroslav 
Published: November 2016

A miniature lightweight portable Raman spectrometer and a palm-sized device allow for fast and unambiguous detection of common gemstones mounted in complex jewels. Here, complex religious artefacts and the Ring Monstrance from the Loreto treasury (Prague, Czech Republic; eighteenth century) were investigated. These discriminations are based on the very good correspondence of the wavenumbers of the strongest Raman bands of the minerals. Very short laser illumination times and efficient collection of scattered light were sufficient to obtain strong diagnostic Raman signals. The following minerals were documented: quartz and its varieties, beryl varieties (emerald), corundum varieties (sapphire), garnets (almandine, grossular), diamond as well as aragonite in pearls. Miniature Raman spectrometers can be recommended for common gemmological work as well as for mineralogical investigations of jewels and cultural heritage objects whenever the antiquities cannot be transported to a laboratory.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology’.
Pigment analysis by Raman microscopy and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) of thirteenth to fourteenth century illuminations and cuttings from Bologna
Authors: Chaplin Tracey D. , Clark Robin J. H. , Jones Richard , Gibbs Robert 
Published: November 2016

Non-destructive pigment analysis by Raman microscopy (RM) and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) has been carried out on some Bolognese illuminations and cuttings chosen to represent the beginnings, evolution and height of Bolognese illuminated manuscript production. Dating to the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries and held in a private collection, the study provides evidence for the pigments generally used in this period. The results, which are compared with those obtained for other north Italian artwork, show the developments in usage of artistic materials and technique. Also addressed in this study is an examination of the respective roles of RM and pXRF analysis in this area of technical art history.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology’.
Study of corrosion in archaeological gilded irons by Raman imaging and a coupled scanning electron microscope–Raman system
Authors: Veneranda Marco , Costantini Ilaria , de Vallejuelo Silvia Fdez-Ortiz , Garcia Laura , García Iñaki , Castro Kepa , Azkarate Agustín , Madariaga Juan Manuel 
Published: November 2016

In this work, analytical and chemical imaging tools have been applied to the study of a gilded spur found in the medieval necropolis of Erenozar (Bizkaia, Spain). As a first step, a lot of portable equipment has been used to study the object in a non-invasive way. The hand-held energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence equipment allowed us to characterize the artefact as a rare example of an iron matrix item decorated by means of a fire gilding technique. On the other hand, the use of a portable Raman system helped us to detect the main degradation compounds affecting the spur. Afterwards, further information was acquired in the laboratory by analysing detached fragments. The molecular images obtained using confocal Raman microscopy permitted us to characterize the stratigraphic succession of iron corrosions. Furthermore, the combined use of this technique with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was achieved owing to the use of a structural and chemical analyser interface. In this way, the molecular characterization, enhanced by the magnification feature of the SEM, allowed us to identify several micrometric degradation compounds. Finally, the effectiveness of one of the most used desalination baths (NaOH) was evaluated by comparing its effects with those provided by a reference bath (MilliQ). The comparison proved that basic treatment avoided any side effects on the spur decorated by fire gilding, compensating for the lack of bibliographic documentation in this field.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology’.
Determination of thickness of thin turbid painted over-layers using micro-scale spatially offset Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Conti Claudia , Realini Marco , Colombo Chiara , Botteon Alessandra , Bertasa Moira , Striova Jana , Barucci Marco , Matousek Pavel 
Published: November 2016

We present a method for estimating the thickness of thin turbid layers using defocusing micro-spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (micro-SORS). The approach, applicable to highly turbid systems, enables one to predict depths in excess of those accessible with conventional Raman microscopy. The technique can be used, for example, to establish the paint layer thickness on cultural heritage objects, such as panel canvases, mural paintings, painted statues and decorated objects. Other applications include analysis in polymer, biological and biomedical disciplines, catalytic and forensics sciences where highly turbid overlayers are often present and where invasive probing may not be possible or is undesirable. The method comprises two stages: (i) a calibration step for training the method on a well characterized sample set with a known thickness, and (ii) a prediction step where the prediction of layer thickness is carried out non-invasively on samples of unknown thickness of the same chemical and physical make up as the calibration set. An illustrative example of a practical deployment of this method is the analysis of larger areas of paintings. In this case, first, a calibration would be performed on a fragment of painting of a known thickness (e.g. derived from cross-sectional analysis) and subsequently the analysis of thickness across larger areas of painting could then be carried out non-invasively. The performance of the method is compared with that of the more established optical coherence tomography (OCT) technique on identical sample set.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology’.
Constraints on eQTL fine mapping in the presence of multi-site local regulation of gene expression
Authors: Zeng Biao , Lloyd-Jones Luke R. , Holloway Alexander , Marigorta Urko M. , Metspalu Andres , Montgomery Grant W. , Esko Tonu , Brigham Kenneth L. , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Idaghdour Youssef , Yang Jian , Visscher Peter M. , Powell Joseph E. , Gibson Greg 
Published: October 2016

AbstractExpression QTL (eQTL) detection has emerged as an important tool for unravelling of the relationship between genetic risk factors and disease or clinical phenotypes. Most studies use single marker linear regression to discover primary signals, followed by sequential conditional modeling to detect secondary genetic variants affecting gene expression. However, this approach assumes that functional variants are sparsely distributed and that close linkage between them has little impact on estimation of their precise location and magnitude of effects. In this study, we address the prevalence of secondary signals and bias in estimation of their effects by performing multi-site linear regression on two large human cohort peripheral blood gene expression datasets (each greater than 2,500 samples) with accompanying whole genome genotypes, namely the CAGE compendium of Illumina microarray studies, and the Framingham Heart Study Affymetrix data. Stepwise conditional modeling demonstrates that multiple eQTL signals are present for ~40% of over 3500 eGenes in both datasets, and the number of loci with additional signals reduces by approximately two-thirds with each conditioning step. However, the concordance of specific signals between the two studies is only ~30%, indicating that expression profiling platform is a large source of variance in effect estimation. Furthermore, a series of simulation studies imply that in the presence of multi-site regulation, up to 10% of the secondary signals could be artefacts of incomplete tagging, and at least 5% but up to one quarter of credible intervals may not even include the causal site, which is thus mis-localized. Joint multi-site effect estimation recalibrates effect size estimates by just a small amount on average. Presumably similar conclusions apply to most types of quantitative trait. Given the strong empirical evidence that gene expression is commonly regulated by more than one variant, we conclude that the fine-mapping of causal variants needs to be adjusted for multi-site influences, as conditional estimates can be highly biased by interference among linked sites.
Achieving strategic fit in onion seed supply chain
Authors: Timsina Krishna P. , Bastakoti Ram C. , Shivakoti Ganesh P. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The analysis focuses on the perspective of overall strategic fit in the supply chain of onion seed in Nepal. The purpose of this paper is to analyze current status of onion seed sector in Nepal from the perspective of selected functional strategies that fit in supply chain, and also identifies how various actors involved coordinate among each other.

Design/methodology/approach
The integrated approach has been used. It is an actor-oriented approach used to trace product flows. Supply chains generally include several actors for the onion seeds supply chain in Nepal, all those actors may or may not be applicable. However, initial approach would be to first look for these actors then subsequently identify existing supply and its actors. Some traditional methods of product and market analysis isolate operational costs along various stages of production. But, this paper used more comprehensive methodology that has taken into account an entire spectrum of associated activities and inputs.

Findings
Result revealed that the market actors of supply chain are taking significant benefit of value addition due to more investment in value creation. Vertical coordination is completely absent and the existence of horizontal coordination is in fragile form. The functional strategies in the upstream as well as the market side are not properly matching with the preference of the downstream actors of supply chain. It is suggested that the supply chain activities should work with different functional strategies such as proper drying and storage of seed and production of preferred varieties to satisfy the need of end consumers.

Research limitations/implications
It covers a single crop.

Originality/value
The findings and methodological discussions aim at providing practical guidance for supply chain researchers on how to analyze the strategic fit in supply chain.
Mistakes I have made: and things they taught me while working as a peer
Authors: Rodgers Tessa 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and progression of offering peer support using personal reflections on mistakes. The paper draws on the core principles of peer support which have the potential to be better understood through self-reflection and honest appraisal.

Design/methodology/approach
A reflective and personal approach is used throughout to examine and analyse particular mistakes relating to developing peer support relationships.

Findings
Reflections are offered about how working approaches can be developed as a positive consequence of difficult personal interactions.

Originality/value
These reflections contribute to the small number of papers written by peer workers within the UK. Its focus on mistakes and challenges as a means of learning more about peer support is highly unique.
Barriers to attendance at Recovery Colleges
Authors: Dunn Elizabeth Anne , Chow Jessica , Meddings Sara , Haycock Lissa June 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore what affects attendance at Recovery College, what students who have missed classes perceive to be the barriers to attendance and suggestions for improvement.

Design/methodology/approach
Survey of 16 students who have missed Recovery College classes.

Findings
The most common reasons for non-attendance were personal factors associated with physical illness; competing commitments or life events; and worries about other students and anxiety. Recovery College factors included inconvenient location, time or date of the course and poor communication from the college. Students found individual learning plans (ILPs) helpful and that they improved attendance. Recommendations are made to improve attendance through clearer information and communication; ILPs, text reminders before classes and phone calls from tutors if students miss classes.

Originality/value
Many services are looking at how to become more cost effective – improving attendance is one such way. This paper offers an analysis of barriers to attendance and makes recommendations about how attendance can be improved.
Antitumor Effects of Orally and Intraperitoneally Administered Chitosan Oligosaccharides (COSs) on S180‐Bearing/Residual Mouse
Authors: Zou Pan , Yang Xin , Zhang Yanxin , Du Pengfei , Yuan Shoujun , Yang Dexuan , Wang Jing 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) are hydrolysate mixture of chitin and possess various biomedical properties, such as antimicrobial, immunoenhancing, and antitumor effects. Antiproliferation activity of COS and commercially available samples was compared in the terms of A549 and HCT‐116 cells. Ten tumor cells were used to estimate cytotoxicity of COS. Although there were some researches on the antitumor effects of COS, we highlighted the in vivo antitumor activities of COS administrated orally and intraperitoneally on S180‐bearing/residual mouse. Results turned out that in vitro IC50 values of COS were 48.6 ± 7.0 to 1329.9 ± 93.4 μg/mL against 10 different tumor cell lines. Then, the in vivo experiments proved that the inhibition rate was high up to 58.5%. Significant cell death and necrosis were observed in COS‐treated groups by histological analysis. COS stimulated the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha. In summary, COS may be considered promising candidate as antitumor functional food or pharmaceutic adjuvant in oncotherapy, especially for patients after surgical resection.
Effects of objectifying gaze on female cognitive performance: The role of flow experience and internalization of beauty ideals
Authors: Guizzo Francesca , Cadinu Mara 
Published: November 2016

Although previous research has demonstrated that objectification impairs female cognitive performance, no research to date has investigated the mechanisms underlying such decrement. Therefore, we tested the role of flow experience as one mechanism leading to performance decrement under sexual objectification. Gaze gender was manipulated by having male versus female experimenters take body pictures of female participants (N = 107) who then performed a Sustained Attention to Response Task. As predicted, a moderated mediation model showed that under male versus female gaze, higher internalization of beauty ideals was associated with lower flow, which in turn decreased performance. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to objectification theory and strategies to prevent sexually objectifying experiences.
Person‐Centered Fall Risk Awareness Perspectives: Clinical Correlates and Fall Risk
Authors: Verghese Joe 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo identify clinical correlates of person‐centered fall risk awareness and their validity for predicting falls.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingCommunity.ParticipantsAmbulatory community‐dwelling older adults without dementia (N = 316; mean age 78, 55% female).MeasurementsFall risk awareness was assessed using a two‐item questionnaire that asked participants about overall likelihood of someone in their age group having a fall and their own personal risk of falling over the next 12 months. Incident falls were recorded over study follow‐up.ResultsFifty‐three participants (16.8%) responded positively to the first fall risk awareness question about being likely to have a fall in the next 12 months, and 100 (31.6%) reported being at personal risk of falling over the next 12 months. There was only fair correlation (κ = 0.370) between responses on the two questions. Prior falls and depressive symptoms were associated with positive responses on both fall risk awareness questions. Age and other established fall risk factors were not associated with responses on either fall risk awareness question. The fall risk awareness questionnaire did not predict incident falls or injurious falls.ConclusionFall risk awareness is low in older adults. Although person‐centered fall risk awareness is not predictive of falls, subjective risk perceptions should be considered when designing fall preventive strategies because they may influence participation and behaviors.
Association Between Tooth Loss, Receipt of Dental Care, and Functional Disability in an Elderly Japanese Population: The Tsurugaya Project
Authors: Komiyama Takamasa , Ohi Takashi , Miyoshi Yoshitada , Murakami Takahisa , Tsuboi Akito , Tomata Yasutake , Tsuji Ichiro , Watanabe Makoto , Hattori Yoshinori 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo examine whether number of remaining teeth and regular dental care affect incident functional disability in elderly Japanese adults.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingTsurugaya district, Sendai, Japan.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling individuals aged 70 and older (N = 834).MeasurementsThe outcome measurement was incident functional disability, defined as first certification of long‐term care insurance in Japan, which is determined on the basis of a strictly established uniform nationwide standard. During a median follow‐up of 7.9 years (interquartile range 4.8–7.9 years), information on long‐term care insurance was obtained from the Sendai Municipal Authority. Oral health was assessed according to number of remaining teeth and presence or absence of regular dental care. Data were also collected on age, sex, body mass index, medical history, smoking, alcohol consumption, duration of education, depressive symptoms, cognitive impairment, physical functioning, and social support.ResultsParticipants with 10 to 19 teeth (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03–1.94), one to nine teeth (aHR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.04–2.03), and no teeth (aHR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.03–2.14) were more likely to develop functional disability than those with 20 or more teeth. There was no significant difference in risk of functional disability between participants with 20 or more teeth and those with zero to 19 teeth who were receiving regular dental care, whereas those with zero to 19 teeth without regular dental care had a significantly greater risk of functional disability than those with 20 or more teeth (HR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.11–1.92).ConclusionTooth loss was associated with greater risk of functional disability in community‐dwelling elderly Japanese. Regular dental care might moderate the risk of functional disability in elderly individuals with missing teeth.
Self‐Reported Sleep Apnea and Dementia Risk: Findings from the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease with Vitamin E and Selenium Trial
Authors: Ding Xiuhua , Kryscio Richard J. , Turner Joshua , Jicha Gregory A. , Cooper Gregory , Caban‐Holt Allison , Schmitt Frederick A. , Abner Erin L. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between baseline sleep apnea and risk of incident dementia in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease with Vitamin E and Selenium (PREADViSE) study and to explore whether the association depends on apolipoprotein E (APOE) ɛ4 allele status.DesignSecondary analysis based on data collected during PREADViSE.SettingParticipants were assessed at 128 local clinical study sites during the clinical trial phase and later were followed by telephone from a centralized location.ParticipantsMen enrolled in PREADViSE (without dementia or other active neurological conditions that affect cognition such as major psychiatric disorders, including depression; N = 7,547).MeasurementsParticipants were interviewed at baseline for sleep apnea. The Memory Impairment Screen (MIS) was administered to each participant annually. Subjects who failed this initial screen were tested with secondary screening tests. Medical history and medication use were determined, and the AD8 dementia screening instrument was used.ResultsThe effect of self‐reported sleep apnea on dementia risk depended on APOE ɛ4 status. When the allele was absent, baseline self‐reported sleep apnea was associated with a 66% higher risk of developing dementia (95% confidence interval = 2–170%), whereas self‐reported sleep apnea conferred no additional risk for participants with an ɛ4 allele.ConclusionSleep apnea may increase risk of dementia in the absence of APOE ɛ4. This may help inform prevention strategies for dementia or AD in older men with sleep apnea.Registration: PREADViSE is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00040378.
Essential oils enhance the toxicity of permethrin against Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae
Authors: GROSS A. D. , NORRIS E. J. , KIMBER M. J. , BARTHOLOMAY L. C. , COATS J. R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInsecticide resistance and growing public concern over the safety and environmental impacts of some conventional insecticides have resulted in the need to discover alternative control tools. Naturally occurring botanically‐based compounds are of increased interest to aid in the management of mosquitoes. Susceptible strains of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anopheles gambiae (Meigen) (Diptera: Culicidae) were treated with permethrin, a common type‐I synthetic pyrethroid, using a discriminate dose that resulted in less than 50% mortality. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO) and 35 essential oils were co‐delivered with permethrin at two doses (2 and 10 µg) to determine if they could enhance the 1‐h knockdown and the 24‐h mortality of permethrin. Several of the tested essential oils enhanced the efficacy of permethrin equally and more effectively than piperonyl butoxide PBO, which is the commercial standard to synergize chemical insecticide like pyrethroids. PBO had a strikingly negative effect on the 1‐h knockdown of permethrin against Ae. aegypti, which was not observed in An. gambiae. Botanical essential oils have the capability of increasing the efficacy of permethrin allowing for a natural alternative to classic chemical synergists, like PBO.