bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients with Eustachian Tube Catarrh
Authors: Bhargava Anuja , Cherian Meenu , Cherian Tambi A 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Eustachian tube catarrh could be due to laryngopharyngeal reflux besides other causes.

Objectives
To assess gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients with Eustachian tube catarrh and the effect of proton pump inhibitors on symptoms of Eustachian tube disease.

Methodology
A total of 50 patients were selected with symptoms of Eustachian tube catarrh and evaluated prospectively in the ENT Outpatient Department of the Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry.

Results
The group consisted of 15 (30%) males and 35 (70%) females. The largest group was of the age of 45 years and above (44%). The most common symptom of Eustachian tube catarrh was itching (84%), followed by otalgia (76%) and popping sensation on swallowing (74%). On otoscopic examination, the commonest grade of tympanic membrane retraction was grade I (57%), on tympanometry 90% of cases had middle ear pressure in range −100 to +100. The middle compliance ranged from 0.5 to 1.75 (normal) in 86% of the cases. The tympanomeric curve was type A (normal) in 78% of the cases and type C in 8% of the cases. At the end of 4 and 8 weeks, the response of treatment to proton pump inhibitors was significantly higher (z = 3.53, p < 0.05) in the studied group.

Conclusion
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) could be an important etiological factor in Eustachian tube catarrh. The treatment, with proton pump inhibitors, of Eustachian tube catarrh with no local identifiable cause, could be very useful to this subsect of patients.

How to cite this article
Bhargava A, Cherian M, Cherian TA, Gupta S. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Patients with Eustachian Tube Catarrh. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2015;5(2): 61-66.
Laryngotracheal Pleomorphic Adenoma: A Rare Entity
Authors: Rangappa Vidya Bhushan , Hedne C Naveen , Chauhan Shubhra , Naveen BS 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Laryngotracheal pleomorphic adenoma is a rare tumor with a lot of dilemma in establishing histological diagnosis and with no definitive treatment guidelines. Very few cases have been reported in the literature with good outcomes in open approach procedures. We, in our report, will discuss the detailed surgical procedure and the outcome with open approach.

How to cite this article
Rangappa VB, Hedne CN, Chauhan S, Naveen BS. Laryngotracheal Pleomorphic Adenoma: A Rare Entity. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2015;5(2):70-72.
Cloud chamber experiments on the origin of ice crystal complexity in cirrus clouds
Authors: Schnaiter Martin , Järvinen Emma , Vochezer Paul , Abdelmonem Ahmed , Wagner Robert , Jourdan Olivier , Mioche Guillaume , Shcherbakov Valery N. , Schmitt Carl G. , Tricoli Ugo , Ulanowski Zbigniew , Heymsfield Andrew J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. This study reports on the origin of small-scale ice crystal complexity and its influence on the angular light scattering properties of cirrus clouds. Cloud simulation experiments were conducted at the AIDA (Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics in the Atmosphere) cloud chamber of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). A new experimental procedure was applied to grow and sublimate ice particles at defined super- and subsaturated ice conditions and for temperatures in the −40 to −60 °C range. The experiments were performed for ice clouds generated via homogeneous and heterogeneous initial nucleation. Small-scale ice crystal complexity was deduced from measurements of spatially resolved single particle light scattering patterns by the latest version of the Small Ice Detector (SID-3). It was found that a high crystal complexity dominates the microphysics of the simulated clouds and the degree of this complexity is dependent on the available water vapor during the crystal growth. Indications were found that the small-scale crystal complexity is influenced by unfrozen H2SO4 / H2O residuals in the case of homogeneous initial ice nucleation. Angular light scattering functions of the simulated ice clouds were measured by the two currently available airborne polar nephelometers: the polar nephelometer (PN) probe of Laboratoire de Métérologie et Physique (LaMP) and the Particle Habit Imaging and Polar Scattering (PHIPS-HALO) probe of KIT. The measured scattering functions are featureless and flat in the side and backward scattering directions. It was found that these functions have a rather low sensitivity to the small-scale crystal complexity for ice clouds that were grown under typical atmospheric conditions. These results have implications for the microphysical properties of cirrus clouds and for the radiative transfer through these clouds.
World Christianities: Transcontinental Connections
Authors: Phan Peter C. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Reflecting on this special issue, this article relates the work of the Munich School to current scholarship in the study of world Christianity. Its approach reminds us to not only focus on recent developments and transformations such as the rise of Pentecostalism but also include the history of world Christianity from its early beginnings. Calling us to equally take into account the history of Christianity’s polycentricity, this approach encourages us to look for multidirectional transcontinental interactions and early instances of South–South links. Thus, following the Munich School we should not examine the history of world Christianity in separate geographic entities in isolation but continuously look for transregional and transcontinental interactions and forms of exchange. Taking this into account will contribute profoundly to the much-needed new maps of a future history of world Christianity.
Three-Month Test-Retest Reliability of Center of Pressure Motion During Standing Balance in Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Wajda Douglas A. , Motl Robert W. , Sosnoff Jacob J. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Balance impairment and an increased rate of falls are commonly reported in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Force platform–generated center of pressure (COP) metrics have previously been recommended as an outcome measure to quantify balance deficits and distinguish between fallers and nonfallers in MS. Information is limited regarding the preservation of postural control in individuals with MS over extended time frames in the absence of an intervention. This report examines the test-retest reliability and magnitude of change of COP motion during standing balance over 3 months.
Methods: Twenty individuals with MS and a history of falling underwent testing on two occasions 3 months apart in the absence of an intervention. On both occasions, participants completed two 30-second trials of three conditions: eyes open, eyes closed, and eyes open with concurrent cognitive challenge (dual task). Measures of COP area, velocity, and temporal structure were calculated and included in the reliability analysis.
Results: The COP metrics displayed fair-to-excellent reliability over 3 months without an intervention. Reliability was maintained across the three commonly used balance conditions.
Conclusions: These results offer insight into the reliability of COP measures over a 3-month period in MS and can inform the use of COP metrics for future study design (eg, sample size estimates) and balance outcome assessment during randomized controlled trials and fall-prevention studies in individuals with MS.
Epitaxial iron oxide nanocrystals with memory function grown on Si substrates
Authors: Ishibe Takafumi , Matsui Hideki , Watanabe Kentaro , Takeuchi Shotaro , Sakai Akira , Nakamura Yoshiaki 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
High-density Fe3O4−δ nanocrystals (NCs) were epitaxially grown on Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy with epitaxial Ge NCs being used as nucleation sites. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements showed that the surface bandgap of the as-grown Fe3O4−δ NCs was ∼0.2 eV, consistent with that reported for Fe3O4−δ films. Conductive atomic force microscopy measurements of the NCs revealed hysteresis in the voltage–current curves, indicating bipolar resistive switching behavior. The measurement results established the superiority of the NCs to thin conventional polycrystalline Fe3O4−δ films/Si in terms of resistive switching characteristics. This demonstrated the possibility of developing resistance random access memory devices composed of ubiquitous Fe3O4−δ NC materials.
High-quality InN films on GaN using graded InGaN buffers by MBE
Authors: Islam SM , Protasenko Vladimir , Rouvimov Sergei , Xing Huili (Grace) , Jena Debdeep 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The growth of high-quality thick InN films is challenging because of the lack of native substrates. In this work, we demonstrate the use of a linearly graded InGaN buffer layer for the growth of InN films on GaN substrates. A 500 nm InN film with <0.1 nm RMS roughness is obtained with a peak mobility of 1410 cm2/(V·s) at 300 K. A strong room temperature photoluminescence showing a bandgap of 0.65 eV with 79 meV linewidth is observed. A graded InGaN buffer is found to lead to extremely smooth and high-quality InN films.
Effects of olivine fabric, melt‐rock reaction, and hydration on the seismic properties of peridotites: Insight from the Luobusha ophiolite in the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Sun Shengsi , Ji Shaocheng , Michibayashi Katsuyoshi , Salisbury Matthew 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn order to constrain the effects of olivine fabric, melt‐rock reaction, and hydration on the seismic properties and anisotropy of mantle rocks, we investigated serpentinized peridotites from the Luobusha ophiolite in the Indus‐Tsangpo suture of the Tibetan Plateau. A‐type and almost random olivine crystal‐preferred orientations (CPO) occur in harzburgite and dunite samples, respectively. The dunite resulted from interactions of harzburgite with boninitic melt at ~800–970°C, yielding pyroxene dissolution and olivine precipitation. The olivine neoblasts formed from the melt‐rock reaction show no evidence of dislocation creep and developed almost random CPO. Hence, the melt‐rock reaction reduced seismic anisotropy. Our results together with those from the literature indicate that A‐, B‐, C‐, D‐, and E‐type CPOs of olivine generally induceVpanisotropy patterns withVp(X) > Vp(Y) > Vp(Z),Vp(Y) > Vp(X) > Vp(Z),Vp(Z) > Vp(X) > Vp(Y),Vp(X) > Vp(Y) ≈ Vp(Z), andVp(X) > Vp(Z) > Vp(Y), respectively. The effect of serpentinization was calibrated by the comparison of seismic velocities and anisotropy measured up to 600 MPa with the values calculated from the CPO data. Although the low‐temperature (LT, <300°C) serpentinization (lizardite and chrysotile) decreasesVpby ~6–10% andVsby ~12%, it does not change the anisotropy pattern because the mesh‐texture characterized by serpentine veins perpendicular to the principal structural directions (X,Y, andZ) reduces the velocities in these orthogonal directions to almost equal extent. Thus, the magnitude of seismic anisotropy alone cannot be used as an indicator of the degree of LT serpentinization in the mantle rocks. Furthermore, Birch's law is found to hold when peridotites undergo serpentinization.
A new algorithm for three‐dimensional joint inversion of body wave and surface wave data and its application to the Southern California plate boundary region
Authors: Fang Hongjian , Zhang Haijiang , Yao Huajian , Allam Amir , Zigone Dimitri , Ben‐Zion Yehuda , Thurber Clifford , van der Hilst Robert D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe introduce a new algorithm for joint inversion of body wave and surface wave data to get better 3‐D P wave (Vp) and S wave (Vs) velocity models by taking advantage of the complementary strengths of each data set. Our joint inversion algorithm uses a one‐step inversion of surface wave traveltime measurements at different periods for 3‐D Vs and Vp models without constructing the intermediate phase or group velocity maps. This allows a more straightforward modeling of surface wave traveltime data with the body wave arrival times. We take into consideration the sensitivity of surface wave data with respect to Vp in addition to its large sensitivity to Vs, which means both models are constrained by two different data types. The method is applied to determine 3‐D crustal Vp and Vs models using body wave and Rayleigh wave data in the Southern California plate boundary region, which has previously been studied with both double‐difference tomography method using body wave arrival times and ambient noise tomography method with Rayleigh and Love wave group velocity dispersion measurements. Our approach creates self‐consistent and unique models with no prominent gaps, with Rayleigh wave data resolving shallow and large‐scale features and body wave data constraining relatively deeper structures where their ray coverage is good. The velocity model from the joint inversion is consistent with local geological structures and produces better fits to observed seismic waveforms than the current Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) model.
Dislocation creep of dry quartz
Authors: Kilian Rüdiger , Heilbronner Renée , Holyoke Caleb W. , Kronenberg Andreas K. , Stünitz Holger 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSmall‐scale shear zones within the Permian Truzzo meta‐granite developed during the Alpine orogeny at amphibolite facies conditions. In these shear zones magmatic quartz deformed by dislocation creep and recrystallized dynamically by grain boundary migration with minor subgrain rotation recrystallization to a grain size of around 250–750 µm, consistent with flow at low differential stresses. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy reveals very low water contents in the interior of recrystallized grains (in the form of discrete OH peaks, ~20 H/106Si and very little broad band absorption, <100 H/106Si). The spectral characteristics are comparable to those of dry Brazil quartz. In FTIR spectra, magmatic quartz grains show a broad absorption band related with high water concentrations only in those areas where fluid inclusions are present while other areas are dry. Drainage of fluid inclusions and synkinematic growth of hydrous minerals indicates that a hydrous fluid has been available during deformation. Loss of intragranular water during grain boundary migration recrystallization did not result in a microstructure indicative of hardening. These FTIR measurements provide the first evidence that quartz with extremely low intragranular water contents can deform in nature by dislocation creep at low differential stresses. Low intragranular water contents in naturally deformed quartz may not be necessarily indicative of a high strength, and the results are contrary to implications taken from deformation experiments where very high water contents are required to allow dislocation creep in quartz. It is suggested that dislocation creep of quartz in the Truzzo meta‐granite is possible to occur at low differential stresses because sufficient amounts of intergranular water ensure a high recovery rate by grain boundary migration while the absence of significant amounts of intragranular water is not crucial at natural conditions.
Why cirrus cloud seeding cannot substantially cool the planet
Authors: Gasparini Blaž , Lohmann Ulrike 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe net warming effect of cirrus clouds has driven part of the geoengineering research toward the idea of decreasing their occurrence frequency by seeding them with efficient ice nucleating particles. We study responses of cirrus clouds to simplified global seeding strategies in terms of their radiative fluxes with the help of the ECHAM‐HAM general circulation model. Our cirrus scheme takes into account the competition between homogeneous and heterogeneous freezing, preexisting ice crystals, and the full spectrum of updraft velocities. While we find that the cirrus cloud radiative effect evaluated from our model is positive and large enough (5.7 W/m2) to confirm their geoengineering potential, none of the seeding strategies achieves a significant cooling due to complex microphysical mechanisms limiting their climatic responses. After globally uniform seeding is applied, we observe an increase in cirrus cloud cover, a decrease in ice crystal number concentration, and a decrease in ice crystal radius. An analysis of their respective radiative contributions points to the ice crystal radius decrease as the main factor limiting seeding effectiveness.
Continental hyperextension, mantle exhumation, and thin oceanic crust at the continent‐ocean transition, West Iberia: New insights from wide‐angle seismic
Authors: Davy R. G. , Minshull T. A. , Bayrakci G. , Bull J. M. , Klaeschen D. , Papenberg C. , Reston T. J. , Sawyer D. S. , Zelt C. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHyperextension of continental crust at the Deep Galicia rifted margin in the North Atlantic has been accommodated by the rotation of continental fault blocks, which are underlain by the S reflector, an interpreted detachment fault, along which exhumed and serpentinized mantle peridotite is observed. West of these features, the enigmatic Peridotite Ridge has been inferred to delimit the western extent of the continent‐ocean transition. An outstanding question at this margin is where oceanic crust begins, with little existing data to constrain this boundary and a lack of clear seafloor spreading magnetic anomalies. Here we present results from a 160 km long wide‐angle seismic profile (Western Extension 1). Travel time tomography models of the crustal compressional velocity structure reveal highly thinned and rotated crustal blocks separated from the underlying mantle by the S reflector. The S reflector correlates with the 6.0–7.0 km s−1 velocity contours, corresponding to peridotite serpentinization of 60–30%, respectively. West of the Peridotite Ridge, shallow and sparse Moho reflections indicate the earliest formation of an anomalously thin oceanic crustal layer, which increases in thickness from ~0.5 km at ~20 km west of the Peridotite Ridge to ~1.5 km, 35 km further west. P wave velocities increase smoothly and rapidly below top basement, to a depth of 2.8–3.5 km, with an average velocity gradient of 1.0 s−1. Below this, velocities slowly increase toward typical mantle velocities. Such a downward increase into mantle velocities is interpreted as decreasing serpentinization of mantle rock with depth.
“SWING”: A European project for a new application of an ionospheric network
Authors: Zolesi B. , Bianchi C. , Meloni A. , Baskaradas J. A. , Belehaki A. , Altadill D. , Dalle Mese E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe SWING (Short Wave critical Infrastructure Network based on a new Generation high survival radio communication system) is a European project aimed at studying a high survival high‐frequency (HF) radio network to link European Critical Infrastructures (ECIs). This system is thought to replace broadband internet communication, maintaining the minimum flux of essential information for the ECIs management and control, in case of wide‐scale threats, including terrorist attacks, able to put out of order internet links over the Mediterranean region. SWING is designed to evaluate the threat and increase the security awareness, as well as the level of protection, of analogous and/or interdependent ECIs. In order to meet these goals, SWING was finalized to recognize how and when the internet communication fails and to develop the standard software and hardware tools necessary for implementing communication protocols suited for a reliable and interoperable short‐wave (SW) or high‐frequency (HF) radio network backup. The internet broadband description and internet failure recognition were taken into consideration in the project but are not treated in this paper. It has been assessed that in case of complete failure of the internet broadband communication fundamental information for the management and control of ECIs over the Mediterranean region can be maintained with a HF network, even in case of moderate ionospheric perturbations.
Zinc Iodide‐Mediated Direct Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydroisoxazoles from Alkynes and Nitrones
Authors: Xiao Zu‐Feng , Ding Ting‐Hui , Mao Sheng‐Wei , Ning Xiao‐Shan , Kang Yan‐Biao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA zinc diiodide (ZnI2)‐mediated direct synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroisoxazoles via a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of the nitrones and non‐electron‐deficient terminal alkynes has been developed. This method was applied in the formal synthesis of HPA‐12 and aminoglucose.magnified image
Sustainable Micellar Gold Catalysis – Poly(2‐oxazolines) as Versatile Amphiphiles
Authors: Lempke Linda , Ernst Andrea , Kahl Fabian , Weberskirch Ralf , Krause Norbert 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe application of five polymer amphiphiles in the gold‐catalyzed allene cycloisomerizations under aqueous micellar conditions is described. The polymers were prepared by ring‐opening cationic polymerization based on poly(2‐methyl‐2‐oxazoline) as hydrophilic segment and different hydrocarbon‐ or fluorocarbon‐based hydrophobic segments. The catalytic activity in the gold‐catalyzed allene cyclization is strongly dependent on the type of gold precursor, the salt concentration in the bulk aqueous medium, and the concentration of the polymeric amphiphile. Best results were obtained with 2 mol% of gold(III) bromide, 1 mM of amphiphile and 5 M sodium chloride, affording over 80% yield for different heterocyclic products. The catalyst system is also suitable for the dehydrative cyclization of acetylenic diols to furans. Moreover, successful catalyst recycling was demonstrated in three consecutive runs when using optimized extraction conditions.magnified image
Flow cytometry‐based characterization of underlying clonal B and plasma cells in patients with light chain amyloidosis
Authors: Lisenko Katharina , Schönland Stefan O. , Jauch Anna , Andrulis Mindaugas , Röcken Christoph , Ho Anthony D. , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Hegenbart Ute , Hundemer Michael 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSystemic amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a life‐threatening protein deposition disorder; however, effective therapy can dramatically improve the prognosis of AL patients. Therefore, accurate diagnosis of the underlying hematologic disease is important. Multi‐parameter flow cytometry (MFC) is a reliable method to analyze lymphatic neoplasias and to detect even a small lymphatic clone. We analyzed the presence of clonal plasma cell (PC) and B cells in the bone marrow of 63 patients with newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis by MFC. We compared the results with the levels of monoclonal protein, the histopathology and cytogenetic results. As reference of light chain restriction, we used the immunohistochemical results of κ or λ positive amyloid deposits in various tissues. MFC identified underlying clonal lymphatic cells in all but two patients (61 of 63, 97%). Sixty‐one patients harbored malignant PCs, whereas B‐cell lymphomas were identified in two patients. Furthermore, MFC indicated at least one putative immunotherapeutical target (CD20, CD38, CD52, or SLAMF7) on malignant PCs in all but one patient. These results demonstrate that MFC is a reliable tool for an accurate diagnosis of the underlying hematologic disease and the detection of potential immunotherapeutical targets in patients with AL amyloidosis.