bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inpatient Treatment for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: Clinical Significance and Predictors of Treatment Outcome
Authors: Schlegl Sandra , Diedrich Alice , Neumayr Christina , Fumi Markus , Naab Silke , Voderholzer Ulrich 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study evaluated the clinical significance as well as predictors of outcome for adolescents with severe anorexia nervosa (AN) treated in an inpatient setting. Body mass index (BMI), eating disorder (ED) symptoms [Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 (EDI‐2)], general psychopathology and depression were assessed in 238 patients at admission and discharge. BMI increased from 14.8 + 1.2 to 17.3 + 1.4 kg/m2. Almost a fourth (23.6%) of the patients showed reliable changes, and 44.7% showed clinically significant changes (EDI‐2). BMI change did not significantly differ between those with reliable or clinically significant change or no reliable change in EDI‐2. Length of stay, depression and body dissatisfaction were negative predictors of a clinically significant change. Inpatient treatment is effective in about two thirds of adolescents with AN and should be considered when outpatient treatment fails. About one third of patients showed significant weight gain, but did not improve regarding overall ED symptomatology. Future studies should focus on treatment strategies for non‐responders. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Collaborations between Israel and Germany in Chemistry and the Other Sciences – a Sign of Normalization?
Authors: Deichmann Ute 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe scientific collaboration between Israel and Germany was not initiated, as commonly believed, by the Max Planck Society or by German scientists who wanted to revive collaboration with their former Jewish colleagues. Rather, it was initiated in the mid‐1950s by two Israeli scientists from the Weizmann Institute and a German scientist at the time at CERN in violation of the widely accepted cultural boycott by Israel against Germany. The initiators succeeded in procuring political support; large‐scale collaboration between the Weizmann Institute, German universities, and the Max Planck Society was developed. In the aftermath of the Second World War, German science suffered from the Nazi expulsion of Jewish scientists and partial international isolation; the collaboration with Israel enabled young German scientists to overcome this isolation and benefit from stimulating Israeli research environments. In times of economic hardship, the collaboration helped Israeli science materially, provided contacts to chemical industry, and strengthened the cooperation between Israeli and European science. The collaboration was built, in part, on postwar myths created by German scientists and the Max Planck Society about their former anti‐Nazi attitudes. Despite the difficult beginnings and some hidden political agendas, the collaboration developed very successfully. Germany became Israel’s second most important partner in the scientific field, after the USA. Today, normalcy prevails in many – though not all – of the Israeli‐German collaborative projects; the past is not forgotten, but science is in the fore.
Olive pomace valorization by Aspergillus species: lipase production using solid‐state fermentation
Authors: Oliveira Felisbela , Moreira Cláudia , Salgado José Manuel , Abrunhosa Luís , Venâncio Armando , Belo Isabel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDPollution by olive mill wastes is an important problem in the Mediterranean area and novel solutions for their proper management and valorization are needed. The aim of this work was to optimize a solid‐state fermentation (SSF) process to produce lipase using olive pomace (OP) as the main source of nutrients by several Aspergillus spp. Optimized variables in two different designs were: ratio between olive pomace and wheat bran (OP:WB), NaNO3, Czapek nutrients, fermentation time, moisture content (MC) and temperature.RESULTSResults showed that the mixture OP:WB and MC were the most significant factors affecting lipase production for all fungi strains tested. With MC and temperature optimization, a 4.4‐fold increase in A. ibericus lipase was achieved (90.5 ± 1.5 U g−1), using a mixture of OP and WB at 1:1 ratio, 0.02 g NaNO3 g−1 dry substrate, absence of Czapek nutrients, 60% of MC and incubation at 30 °C for 7 days. For A. niger and A. tubingensis, highest lipase activity obtained was 56.6 ± 5.4 and 7.6 ± 0.6 U g−1, respectively.CONCLUSIONAspergillus ibericus was found to be the most promising microorganism for lipase production using mixtures of OP and WB. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma patients with various burdens of peritoneal metastases
Authors: Shiozaki Hironori , Elimova Elena , Slack Rebecca S. , Chen Hsiang‐Chun , Staerkel Gregg A. , Sneige Nour , Shimodaira Yusuke , Sagebiel Tara , Lee Jeffrey H. , Bhutani Manoop S. , Das Prajnan , Mansfield Paul F. , Estrella Jeannelyn S. , Badgwell Brian D. , Ajani Jaffer A. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundPeritoneal metastases (PM) in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) may be identified by diagnostic laparoscopy (DL) or imaging (I). Although prognosis is poor, some patients have excellent outcome. We compared the overall survival (OS) of patients in 3 groups: those with positive cytology (CY+) by DL (DL‐CY+), those with gross PM (GPM) by DL (DL‐GPM+) and with GPM obvious on I (I‐GPM+).Methods146 GAC patients were identified. The Kaplan–Meier analysis, univariate, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed.ResultsPatients were primarily men (67%), with good ECOG scores (0–1; 89%), had DL (84%), had poorly differentiated GAC (92%), and had received chemotherapy (89%). The median OS for all patients was 15 months (5%CI, 12.9–18.2 months). The DL‐CY+ group had median OS of 22.5 months (95%CI, 15–29.3 months). Patients with I‐GPM+ had four times the risk of death than those with DL‐CY+ (P < 0.001) and patients with DL‐GPM+ had two times the risk of death than those with DL‐CY+ (P = 0.001). At 36 months, all DL‐GPM+ and I‐GPM+ had died but 8 patients with DL‐CY+ remained alive.ConclusionsSome GAC patients with DL‐CY+ have long OS; therefore, novel strategies to further prolong their OS are needed.J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:29–35. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5): Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation
Authors: Blevins Christy A. , Weathers Frank W. , Davis Margaret T. , Witte Tracy K. , Domino Jessica L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) is a widely used DSM‐correspondent self‐report measure of PTSD symptoms. The PCL was recently revised to reflect DSM‐5 changes to the PTSD criteria. In this article, the authors describe the development and initial psychometric evaluation of the PCL for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5). Psychometric properties of the PCL‐5 were examined in 2 studies involving trauma‐exposed college students. In Study 1 (N = 278), PCL‐5 scores exhibited strong internal consistency (α = .94), test‐retest reliability (r = .82), and convergent (rs = .74 to .85) and discriminant (rs = .31 to .60) validity. In addition, confirmatory factor analyses indicated adequate fit with the DSM‐5 4‐factor model, χ2(164) = 455.83, p < .001, standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = .07, root mean squared error of approximation (RMSEA) = .08, comparative fit index (CFI) = .86, and Tucker‐Lewis index (TLI) = .84, and superior fit with recently proposed 6‐factor, χ2 (164) = 318.37, p < .001, SRMR = .05, RMSEA = .06, CFI = .92, and TLI = .90, and 7‐factor, χ2 (164) = 291.32, p < .001, SRMR = .05, RMSEA = .06, CFI = .93, and TLI = .91, models. In Study 2 (N = 558), PCL‐5 scores demonstrated similarly strong reliability and validity. Overall, results indicate that the PCL‐5 is a psychometrically sound measure of PTSD symptoms. Implications for use of the PCL‐5 in a variety of assessment contexts are discussed.
Temperature‐Dependent Evolution of Poly(3‐Hexylthiophene) Type‐II Phase in a Blended Thin Film
Authors: Lee Si Woo , Keum Hee‐Sung , Kim Han Seong , Kim Hyo Jung , Ahn Kwangseok , Lee Dong Ryeol , Kim Je Han , Lee Hyun Hwi 
Published: November 2015

The structure of P3HT in P3HT:PCBM films is examined on a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) substrate subjected to cryo‐cooling to low temperature (−143 °C) followed by gradual heating to 50 °C. The behavior of these systems is examined in the absence and presence of an Al electrode on top of the P3HT:PCBM film. At temperatures below −10 °C, only the type‐I phase of P3HT is observed. However, the type‐II phase of P3HT starts to form near −10 °C, in both the presence and absence of the Al layer. In the system without an Al layer, the type‐II phase disappears at 30 °C, but this phase persists to 50 °C in the presence of the Al layer. Concomitant with the formation of the type‐II phase, a 1:3 ordered P3HT type‐II (1/3,0,0) superlattice peak emerged. The type‐II domains tend to form near the Al electrode layer and show a higher degree of alignment than the type‐I crystals.
image
Self Assembled Monolayer Modified SU8 Surface for Electrowetting Application
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Maheshwari Nidhi , Sharma Niti Nipun 
Published: November 2015

SummaryIn this work, SU8 hydrophobic surfaces were synthesized and there electrowetting properties has been studied. The SU8 thin films has been deposited as dielectric materials over patterned electrode. The surface was chemically modified using Octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS, Cl3Si (CH3)17) monolayer which resulted significant increase the water contact angle. The measurements shows that the obtained hydrophobic surface exhibited water contact angle of ≈127° ± 2° by applying the OTS self assembled monolayer on SU8 surface.
Pulling DNA: The Effect of Chain Length on the Mechanical Stability of DNA Chain
Authors: Singh Amar , Singh Navin 
Published: November 2015

SummaryWe have investigated the effect of chain length on the thermal denaturation as well as on mechanical unzipping of double stranded DNA (ds‐DNA) molecule. We use a simple nonlinear Peyrard Bishop and Dauxois (PBD) model and calculate the melting temperature as well as the critical force as a function of chain length for different heterogeneous chains. We found that in mechanical unzipping, when a force is applied on an end, there is a length up‐to which the effect of applied force sustains. The base pairs beyond this length can not feel the force that is applied on the end. We have studied the chain with other end to be open and with the other end to be restricted. By comparing the force required to unzip the chain in these two cases, we found a critical length above which the entropy contribution from the end is not significant to change the duplex state of the chain. For shorter chain, we found that the entropic forces due to open end have significant contribution to change the duplex state of DNA to single strand state of DNA chain.
Synthesis and Thermal Characterization of Titanium‐Dioxide Filled Polycarbonate/Polystyrene Blend Nanocomposites
Authors: Agarwal Shalini , Saraswat Y. K. , Saraswat Vibhav K. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe presented work deals with the synthesis and thermal characterization of TiO2 filled Polycarbonate/Polystyrene (PC/PS) blend nanocomposites. Nanoparticles of Titanium‐dioxide have been synthesized by simple chemical method. Average grain size of as prepared nanoparticles have been determined by both TEM and XRD. Titanium‐dioxide Filled Polycarbonate/Polystyrene blend nanocomposites have been prepared by solution casting method. The XRD pattern and FTIR spectrum confirm the formation of blend nanocomposites. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) has been used to study thermal properties. The DSC thermograms indicate that the glass transition temperature and hence thermal stability of nanocomposites enhances with addition of filler content.
Poly (Ethylene Terephthalate)‐ZnO Nanocomposites: Optical and Raman Studies
Authors: Agrawal Harshita , Awasthi Kamlendra , Saraswat Vibhav K. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe present study reveals the optical properties of PET‐ZnO nanocomposites. The ZnO nanoparticles have been prepared by chemical route. The average size of nanoparticles has been found as ∼16 nm by XRD patterns, where particle size has been calculated using Debye‐Scherrer's formula. The band gap and extinction coefficient have been calculated using absorption spectra, recorded using Perkin Elmer Lambda 750 double beam Spectrophotometer. The UV‐Vis results show that band gap decreases with the increase of wt% of nanoparticles in the nanocomposites due to less band gap of ZnO nanoparicles where as extinction coefficient decreases with the increase in wavelength due to increase of charges carries. For the analysis of molecular vibrations and composition of PET and its nanocomposites with ZnO, WITec CRM 2000 Raman spectrometer coupled with a high resolution Confocal optical microscope has been taken.
Elastic and Electronic Properties of TiC and TiN Crystals
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Srivastava S. K. , Sharma Ramesh , Singh M. , Bhamu K. C. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryA theory for evaluating the temperature variation of second, third and fourth order elastic constants (SOECs, TOECs and FOECs) for face centred cubic crystal structure solids is developed on the basis of Coulomb and Born‐Mayer potential using nearest‐neighbour distance and hardness parameter. The theory thus obtained is first applied to get the higher order elastic constants for TiC and TiN crystals at different temperatures. In addition to elastic properties we have reported electronic properties of these titanium based compounds using Spin Polarised Relativistic Korringa–Kohn–Rostoker (SPR‐KKR) method based on Green Function theory. Energy bands are interpreted in term of density of states. The effect of temperature on higher order elastic constants is discussed in view of the theory proposed. A crossover in energy bands predicts that TiC and TiN are metallic in nature which is in tune with available data.
Synthesis and Characterization of Partial Sulfonated PVDF‐co‐HFP Ion Exchange Membranes
Authors: Sharma Prem P. , Gahlot Swati , Bhil Batuk M. , Gupta Hariom , Kulshrestha Vaibhav 
Published: November 2015

SummaryMembranes of Poly (vinylidenedifluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF‐co‐HFP) are prepared successfully and investigated for thermal, mechanical and electrochemical properties. A considerable influence in ionic conductivity by varying the time of sulfonation has been achieved. Membranes with higher degree of sulfonation exhibit higher proton transport at room temperature. Herein we prepared a series of PVDF‐co‐HFP membrane by varying sulfonation time (6, 8, 10, 13 & 15 hrs). Mechanical properties have been investigated by UTM (Universal Testing Machine) and thermal study has been done by TGA (Thermogravimeteric Analysis). The electro chemical properties of the membranes are found to be increase without compromising the thermal and mechanical characterises.
Thermal Stability and Electrical Properties of Polyaniline Synthesized by Oxidative Polymerization Method
Authors: Kumar Anil , Mishra Amit , Awasthi Kamlendra , Kumar Vinod 
Published: November 2015

SummaryConducting Polyaniline (PANI) was prepared using oxidative polymerization method by using surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) with dopant hydrochloric acid (HCl). Samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and electrical conductivity. XRD confirms the formation of PANI‐SDS and PANI‐DBSA. It also shows its high degree of crystallinity. Raman spectroscopy results confirm emeraldine form of PANI. Electrical measurements indicate conducting nature of PANI. Thermal degradation of synthesized material starts after 100°C.
Geometrically Tuned Channel Permeability
Authors: Malgaretti Paolo , Pagonabarraga Ignacio , Rubi J. Miguel 
Published: November 2015

SummaryWe characterize the motion of charged as well as neutral tracers, in an electrolyte embedded in a varying section channel. We exploit a set of systematic approximations that allows us to simplify the problem, yet capturing the essential of the interplay between the geometrical confinement provided by the corrugated channel walls and the electrolyte properties. Our simplified approach allows us to characterize the transport properties of corrugated channels when a net flux of tracers is obtained by keeping the extrema of the channel at different chemical potentials. For highly diluted tracer suspensions, we have characterized tracers currents and we have estimated the net electric current which occurs when both positively and negatively charged tracers are considered.
Patterning of Liquid Crystals with Structured Monolayers
Authors: Guillamat Pau , Ignés‐Mullol Jordi , Claret Josep , Sagués Francesc 
Published: November 2015

SummaryWe describe recent experimental work on the possibility to pattern liquid crystals in contact with structured monolayers. The latter were transferred by means of the Langmuir–Blodgett technique, starting from domain‐structured Langmuir monolayers prepared with an amphiphilic azobenzene compound.
Structural and Morphological Study of PS‐ZnO Nanocomposite Membrane
Authors: Jangir Lokesh Kumar , Kumari Yogita , Kumar Anil , Kumar Manoj , Awasthi Kamlendra 
Published: November 2015

SummaryZinc Oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical precipitation method. Particle size as calculated from X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were found to be 18 ± 2 nm. Polystyrene (PS)‐ZnO nanocomposite membrane of thickness 30 μm were prepared by solution cast method with varied content of ZnO nanoparticles. (Structural behavior of nanocomposites was investigated by XRD and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Morphological behavior of the composites were examined by Optical Microscopy.
Dietary exposure to aflatoxin and micronutrient status among young children from Guinea
Authors: Watson Sinead , Chen Gaoyun , Sylla Abdoulaye , Routledge Michael N. , Gong Yun Yun 
Published: November 2015

ScopeAflatoxin exposure coincides with micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. Animal feeding studies have postulated that aflatoxin exposure may be exacerbating micronutrient deficiencies. Evidence available in human subjects is limited and inconsistent. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between aflatoxin exposure and micronutrient status among young Guinean children.Methods and resultsA total of 305 children (28.8 ± 8.4 months) were recruited at groundnut harvest (rainy season), of which 288 were followed up 6 months later postharvest (dry season). Blood samples were collected at each visit. Aflatoxin‐albumin adduct levels were measured by ELISA. Vitamin A, vitamin E and β‐carotene concentrations were measured using HPLC methods. Zinc was measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Aflatoxin exposure and micronutrient deficiencies were prevalent in this population and were influenced by season, with levels increasing between harvest and postharvest. At harvest, children in the highest aflatoxin exposure group, compared to the lowest, were 1.98 (95%CI: 1.00, 3.92) and 3.56 (95%CI: 1.13, 11.15) times more likely to be zinc and vitamin A deficient.ConclusionAlthough children with high aflatoxin exposure levels were more likely to be zinc and vitamin A deficient, further research is necessary to determine a cause and effect relationship.
Prophylactic oral bisphosphonate therapy in duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Srinivasan Ramesh , Rawlings David , Wood Claire L. , Cheetham Tim , Moreno Aura Cecilia Jimenez , Mayhew Anna , Eagle Michelle , Guglieri Michela , Straub Volker , Owen Catherine , Bushby Kate , Sarkozy Anna 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionWe assessed prophylactic use of bisphosphonate (BP) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients on glucocorticoid (GC) therapy.MethodsFifty‐two DMD patients on daily GC were offered BP (oral risedronate). Patients were reviewed for tolerability, side effects, bone pain, and fracture frequency. Bone mineral density (BMD) was determined by annual dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry. BP‐treated patients were compared with 15 BP‐naïve patients (untreated cohort).ResultsSide effects occurred in 9 patients. Thirty‐six patients continued BP therapy for over 12 months (mean, 3.6 years). Five treated patients reported bone pain. Three treated patients suffered a vertebral fracture, significantly less than in the untreated cohort (5/15). Lumbar spine adjusted BMD Z‐scores remained unchanged in treated patients and were significantly greater than in the untreated cohort.ConclusionsProphylactic oral risedronate therapy was tolerated by most DMD patients. It appears to maintain BMD and may reduce fracture rate in DMD patients on GC. Muscle Nerve 54: 79–85, 2016
Safety of needle electromyography of the diaphragm: Anterior lung margins in quietly breathing healthy subjects
Authors: Podnar Simon , Doorduin Jonne 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionControversy persists as to whether the lung interposes on the needle electrode insertion path during diaphragm electromyography (EMG).MethodsUsing high‐resolution ultrasonography, we measured the distances between the medial recess of the intercostal spaces (ICSs) around the mid‐clavicular line (MCL) and the lung margin. We performed measurements bilaterally during quiet breathing in the seated and supine positions.ResultsWe studied 10 young healthy men and found that, in the first ICS with the medial recess clearly (i.e., several cm) lateral to MCL (usually the eighth ICS), the distance between the recommended insertion site and the lung margin varied from 7.5 to 17 cm. The distance was slightly larger on the right side and in the supine position.ConclusionsThis study confirms that properly conducted “trans‐intercostal” needle EMG of the diaphragm is generally safe in healthy subjects. Muscle Nerve 54: 54–57, 2016
Sharing bad news of a lung cancer diagnosis: understanding through communication privacy management theory
Authors: Ngwenya Nothando , Farquhar Morag , Ewing Gail 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this paper is to understand the process of information disclosure and privacy as patients share their news of lung cancer with significant others.MethodsTwenty patients with lung cancer and 17 family members/friends accompanying them at diagnosis‐giving completed either individual or dyad semi‐structured interviews. Initial thematic analysis, then Petronio's Communication Privacy Management theory was used to inform interpretation.ResultsPatients described a sense of ownership of the news of their cancer and sought control of how, when and with whom it was shared. Family members expressed a need to follow the patients' rules in sharing this news, which limited their own support systems. Patients and family members had to live within the relational communication boundaries in order to maintain their trusting relationship and avoid potential disruptions.ConclusionPatients as individuals are strongly interlinked with significant others, which impacts on their experience of disclosing private information. This shapes their psychological processes and outcomes impacting on their illness experience. This should be considered when developing interventions to support patients with sharing bad news. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.