bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation in leaf‐level photosynthesis among switchgrass genotypes exposed to low temperatures does not scale with final biomass yield
Authors: Cordero Ángel , Osborne Bruce A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe effect of a 10‐day low‐temperature treatment and subsequent recovery of 13 genotypes of switchgrass, including upland and lowland types, resulted in significant variations in a number of leaf‐level photosynthetic parameters. Whilst the most resistant genotype (Blackwell) is an upland type, there was no clear separation of upland and lowland genotypes in terms of the resistance of leaf photosynthesis (Asat,ϕCO2max, Vpand Vpmax), respiration (Rd) or fluorescence (Fv/Fm) parameters to low temperatures, with lowland types also achieving higher biomass yields than upland types. Examination of the reason for differences in the impact of low temperatures on leaf photosynthesis indicated that this could be due to bothPEPcarboxylase activity and/orPEPregeneration, but with some support forPEPregeneration being the more important. However, variations in leaf photosynthesis were not related to the final biomass yield in either control or low‐temperature‐exposed plants, and the best correlation was found with leaf area. Low temperatures were found to have a post‐treatment impact on leaf area development through a reduction in the formation of new leaves. Overall, these results suggest that more attention should be directed at variations in the effect of low temperature on leaf initiation and emergence to exploit the wider use of switchgrass as a biomass–bioenergy crop.
A fluid inclusion record of magmatic/hydrothermal pulses in acid Salar Ignorado gypsum, northern Chile
Authors: Karmanocky F. J. , Benison K. C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSalar Ignorado is a shallow acid saline lake hosted by a small intervolcanic basin high in the Andes Mountains of northern Chile. Modern surface waters have 3.3–4.1 pH, 0.5–3% total dissolved solids (TDS) and are actively precipitating gypsum crystals. The gypsum crystals trap the acid saline water as fluid inclusions, providing a record of recent surface water characteristics. Salar Ignorado gypsum contains three distinct types of primary fluid inclusions, which result from growth of the gypsum from surface waters. Petrography and microthermometry were performed on 27 gypsum crystals from Salar Ignorado to gain an understanding of recent water chemistry of the salar. One 18.3‐cm‐long gypsum crystal, hosting primary fluid inclusions along 28 successive growth bands, was the focus for fluid inclusion studies and allowed a record of high‐resolution chemical trends. This crystal showed a change in parent fluids during growth, from low salinity, to high salinity, back to low salinity. At the bottom of the crystal, the lowest six fluid inclusion assemblages have salinities of 1.7–5.1 eq. wt. % NaCl. The next nine fluid inclusion assemblages have significantly higher salinity (18.6–27.4 eq. wt. % NaCl) inclusions. The twelve fluid inclusion assemblages near the top of the crystal have low salinity (0.9–8.3 eq. wt. % NaCl) like those at the bottom of the crystal. The high‐salinity fluid inclusions in the middle of this gypsum crystal are interpreted to have formed during a pulse of magmatic/hydrothermal fluids to the surface, perhaps during local active volcanism. Secondary evidence of a magmatic influence on surface waters includes hydrogen sulfide and high molecular weight solid hydrocarbons within some fluid inclusions. This study is among the first detailed fluid inclusion studies of gypsum and suggests that fluid inclusions in gypsum can be paleo‐hydrogeologic proxies.
Imbalance of Gastrointestinal Microbiota in the Pathogenesis ofHelicobacter pylori‐Associated Diseases
Authors: He Cong , Yang Zhen , Lu Nonghua 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe development of new nucleotide sequencing techniques and advanced bioinformatics tools has opened the field for studying the diversity and complexity of the gastrointestinal microbiome independent of traditional cultural methods. Owing largely to the gastric acid barrier, the human stomach was long thought to be sterile. The discovery ofHelicobacter pylori, the gram‐negative bacterium that infects upwards of 50% of the global population, has started a major paradigm shift in our understanding of the stomach as an ecologic niche for bacteria. Recent sequencing analysis of gastric microbiota showed thatH. pyloriwas not alone and the interaction ofH. pyloriwith those microorganisms might play a part inH. pylori‐associated diseases such as gastric cancer. In this review, we summarize the available literature about the changes of gastrointestinal microbiota afterH. pyloriinfection in humans and animal models, and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms including the alterations of the gastric environment, the secretion of hormones and the degree of inflammatory response. In general, information regarding the composition and function of gastrointestinal microbiome is still in its infancy, future studies are needed to elucidate whether and to what extentH. pyloriinfection perturbs the established microbiota. It is assumed that clarifying the role of gastrointestinal communities inH. pylori‐associated diseases will provide an opportunity for translational application as a biomarker for the risk of seriousH. pyloridiseases and perhaps identify specific organisms for therapeutic eradication.
Murine Sertoli cells promote the development of tolerogenic dendritic cells: a pivotal role of galectin‐1
Authors: Gao Jianxin , Wang Xujie , Wang Yunchuan , Han Fu , Cai Weixia , Zhao Bin , Li Yan , Han Shichao , Wu Xue , Hu Dahai 
Published: February 2016

SummarySertoli cells (SCs) possess inherent immunosuppressive properties and are major contributors to the immunoprivileged status of mammalian testis. SCs have been reported to inhibit the activation of B cells, T cells and natural killer cells but not dendritic cells (DCs). Herein, we present evidence that co‐culture with SCs results in a persistent state of DC immaturity characterized by down‐regulation of the surface molecules I‐A/E, CD80, CD83, CD86, CCR7 and CD11c, as well as reduced production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. SC‐conditioned DCs (SC‐DCs) displayed low immunogenicity and enhanced immunoregulatory functions, including the inhibition of T‐cell proliferation and the promotion of Foxp3+ regulatory T‐cell development. Mechanistically, the activation of p38, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 was suppressed in SC‐DCs. More importantly, we demonstrate that galectin‐1 secreted by SCs plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of functionally tolerogenic SC‐DCs. These findings further support the role of SCs in maintaining the immunoprivileged environment of the testis and provide a novel approach to derive tolerogenic DCs, which may lead to alternative therapeutic strategies for the treatment of immunopathogenic diseases.
Sensory rooms in psychiatric inpatient care: Staff experiences
Authors: Björkdahl Anna , Perseius Kent‐Inge , Samuelsson Mats , Lindberg Mathilde Hedlund 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThere is an increased interest in exploring the use of sensory rooms in psychiatric inpatient care. Sensory rooms can provide stimulation via sight, smell, hearing, touch and taste in a demand‐free environment that is controlled by the patient. The rooms may reduce patients’ distress and agitation, as well as rates of seclusion and restraint. Successful implementation of sensory rooms is influenced by the attitudes and approach of staff. This paper presents a study of the experiences of 126 staff members who worked with sensory rooms in a Swedish inpatient psychiatry setting. A cross‐sectional descriptive survey design was used. Data were collected by a web based self‐report 12‐item questionnaire that included both open‐ and closed‐ended questions. Our findings strengthen the results of previous research in this area in many ways. Content analyses revealed three main categories: hopes and concerns, focusing on patients’ self‐care, and the room as a sanctuary. Although staff initially described both negative and positive expectations of sensory rooms, after working with the rooms, there was a strong emphasis on more positive experiences, such as letting go of control and observing an increase in patients’ self‐confidence, emotional self‐care and well‐being. Our findings support the important principals of person‐centred nursing and recovery‐oriented mental health and the ability of staff to implement these principles by working with sensory rooms.
Género y trabajo en tiempos de austeridad. Análisis comparado de Irlanda, Italia y Portugal
Authors: ADDABBO Tindara , BASTOS Amélia , FALCÃO CASACA Sara , DUVVURY Nata , NÍ LÉIME Áine 
Published: February 2016

ResumenCon datos de Eurostat de 2007, 2010 y 2012, se examinan los efectos de la crisis de 2008 en Irlanda, Italia y Portugal respecto de las pautas de empleo de mujeres y hombres y su repercusión en los modelos de sostén familiar y los ingresos de los hogares. Las brechas de empleo, desempleo y empleo precario se reducen sin avance hacia la igualdad, por la mayor vulnerabilidad de los hombres en el mercado laboral. Crece el riesgo de pobreza (sobre todo en hogares donde la mujer es el sostén, en aumento), riesgo que podría afectar desigualmente a los miembros del hogar, dependiendo del régimen patrimonial.
La tasa de actividad femenina cae en Kerala. ¿Hay evidencia de desaliento?
Authors: MATHEW Shalina Susan 
Published: February 2016

ResumenLas tasas femeninas de actividad y empleo caen desde mediados del decenio de 2000 en toda la India, y en particular en Kerala, que era históricamente el estado con mejores resultados. Se analiza la evolución de estas tasas en Kerala entre 2004 y 2012, según ingresos de los hogares, edad, nivel de instrucción y categoría ocupacional. Las jóvenes más calificadas abandonan la vida activa, lo que hace pensar en un desaliento exacerbado por el aumento de la brecha salarial de género en las ocupaciones de más alto nivel. Estos cambios están eliminando algunos de los logros que hasta ahora distinguían al mercado de trabajo de Kerala.
Efectos de las variables socioeconómicas en las jerarquías de esferas vitales de mujeres y hombres en Israel
Authors: SHARABI Moshe 
Published: February 2016

ResumenCon datos de la encuesta «Meaning of Work» de 2006, se examina la centralidad relativa del trabajo, la familia, el ocio, la comunidad y la religión en una muestra representativa de la población activa israelí de 463 hombres y 446 mujeres. La centralidad de la familia siguió siendo más frecuente entre las mujeres, pero ambos sexos situaron el trabajo en posición igualmente elevada, lo que marca el fin de la menor inclinación femenina tradicional por esta esfera vital. Un análisis de regresión permite identificar factores socioeconómicos que inciden en las diferencias entre hombres y mujeres. Globalmente, se observa mayor riesgo de conflicto trabajo‐familia entre las mujeres israelíes.
News/Interview
Authors: Kennedy Helen , Kirk Andy , Stander Julian , Dalla Valle Luciana , Borja Mario Cortina 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
News
Another record-breaking year for global temperatures?
Missing millions
The Census Bureau's 2016 budget is $130 million less than requested
Election polls
The nefarious effect of sample bias
Visualisation
Helen Kennedy and Andy Kirk discuss the Seeing Data project
Statistically speaking
How long can Pope Francis expect to live?
Interview
David Trafimow on a year without the null hypothesis significance test
Ask a statistician
What is the calorific cost of McDonald's revenue growth?
Old and New Ideas about the Human Sex Ratio
Authors: Orzack Steven Hecht 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The human sex ratio – the ratio of males to females – has long fascinated biologists and statisticians alike. Steven Hecht Orzack presents a potted history, from the earliest interpretations to the most recent – and surprising – conclusions
The sex ratio
Understanding the ratio of males to females has long fascinated biologists and statisticians, says Steven Hecht Orzack
Disease progression in aggressive periodontitis patients. A Retrospective Study
Authors: Dopico José , Nibali Luigi , Donos Nikos 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimThe primary aim of this study was to retrospectively ascertain disease progression in a cohort of aggressive periodontitis patients (AgP).Materials and MethodsPatients treated at a specialist setting and referred back to general practice for periodontal maintenance were recalled and examined in a single visit. Disease progression during follow‐up was assessed and historical data collected from the patient's records. Factors that could potentially influence tooth loss rates at the patient level were explored by linear regression analysis. At the tooth level, chi‐square test and OR for tooth loss were calculated.ResultsSixty‐six subjects completed the study. The mean follow‐up was 6.97 years (95% CI 6.25–7.69). The mean annual tooth loss rate was 0.27 teeth per patient/year (95% CI 0.17–0.36). At the patient level, having received surgical treatment and the performance of interproximal cleaning were found to significantly reduce the annual tooth loss rates. At the tooth level, deep probing depths after treatment were significantly associated with increased tooth loss rates (OR 4.39 for PPD 5–6 mm and OR 11.68 for PPD >6 mm, respectively, compared with PPD <5 mm).ConclusionsIn this sample of patients, the annual tooth loss rates were found to be higher than previously described.
Hepatitis B virus full‐length genomic mutations and quasispecies in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang An‐Ye , Lai Ching‐Lung , Poon Ronnie Tung‐Ping , Huang Fung‐Yu , Seto Wai‐Kay , Fung James , Wong Danny Ka‐Ho , Yuen Man‐Fung 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground and AimHepatitis B virus (HBV) full‐length genomic mutations and quasispecies characteristics in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were investigated.MethodsHepatitis B virus DNA was extracted from the tumor and non‐tumor tissues of 16 HCC patients. Overlapping DNA fragments covering the entire HBV genome were amplified and sequenced. To study HBV sequence at the quasispecies level, the preS region was amplified and clonally sequenced. HBV mutation profiles, quasispecies complexity and diversity, and phylogenetic characteristics were assessed.ResultsFourteen patients had full‐length HBV amplification. Hot‐spot mutations at HBx aa130–131 and pre‐S deletions were detected in 13 (93%) and 6 (43%) patients, respectively. Deletions in the X/preC/C regions were more frequently detected in the tumor than in the non‐tumor tissues (P = 0.031). Compared with the non‐tumor tissues, the tumor tissues had a lower quasispecies complexity (P = 0.014 and 0.043, at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively) and diversity (P = 0.048 and 0.022, at the nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively). Phylogenetic analysis showed that HBV sequences derived from tumor and non‐tumor tissues were separately clustered, suggesting the occurrence of compartmentalization, which was confirmed by the correlation coefficient testing on both the number and length of branches of viral populations (all P < 0.02).ConclusionsHepatitis B virus mutation patterns in HCC tumor tissues and non‐tumor tissues were different. HBV quasispecies within the preS region were compartmentalized, and tumor tissues had a lower genome complexity and diversity. Our study suggests HBV evolution is conditioned by the differential host cellular environment in HCC tumors.
Qualitative Comparison of Women's Perspectives on the Functions and Benefits of Group and Individual Prenatal Care
Authors: Heberlein Emily C. , Picklesimer Amy H. , Billings Deborah L. , Covington‐Kolb Sarah , Farber Naomi , Frongillo Edward A. 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionWomen's definitions and experiences of the functions and benefits of their routine prenatal care are largely absent from research and public discourse on prenatal care outcomes. This qualitative study aimed to develop a framework of women's prenatal care experiences by comparing the experiences of women in individual and group prenatal care.MethodsWe conducted serial qualitative interviews with racially diverse low‐income women receiving individual prenatal care (n = 14) or group prenatal care (n = 15) through pregnancy and the early postpartum period. We completed 42 second‐trimester, 48 third‐trimester, and 44 postpartum interviews. Using grounded theory, the semistructured interviews were coded for themes, and the themes were integrated into an explanatory framework of prenatal care functions and benefits.ResultsIndividual and group participants described similar benefits in 3 prenatal care functions: confirming health, preventing and monitoring medical complications, and building supportive provider relationships. For the fourth function, educating and preparing, group care participants experienced more benefits and different benefits. The benefits for group participants were enhanced by the supportive group environment. Group participants described greater positive influences on stress, confidence, knowledge, motivation, informed decision making, and health care engagement.DiscussionWhereas pregnant women want to maximize their probability of having a healthy newborn, other prenatal care outcomes are also important: reducing pregnancy‐related stress; developing confidence and knowledge for improving health; preparing for labor, birth, and newborn care; and having supportive relationships. Group prenatal care may be more effective in attaining these outcomes. Achieving these outcomes is increasingly relevant in health care systems prioritizing woman‐centered care and improved birth outcomes. How to achieve them should be part of policy development and research.
Neural plasticity and behavior – sixty years of conceptual advances
Authors: Sweatt J. David 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis brief review summarizes 60 years of conceptual advances that have demonstrated a role for active changes in neuronal connectivity as a controller of behavior and behavioral change. Seminal studies in the first phase of the six‐decade span of this review firmly established the cellular basis of behavior – a concept that we take for granted now, but which was an open question at the time. Hebbian plasticity, including long‐term potentiation and long‐term depression, was then discovered as being important for local circuit refinement in the context of memory formation and behavioral change and stabilization in the mammalian central nervous system. Direct demonstration of plasticity of neuronal circuit function in vivo, for example, hippocampal neurons forming place cell firing patterns, extended this concept. However, additional neurophysiologic and computational studies demonstrated that circuit development and stabilization additionally relies on non‐Hebbian, homoeostatic, forms of plasticity, such as synaptic scaling and control of membrane intrinsic properties. Activity‐dependent neurodevelopment was found to be associated with cell‐wide adjustments in post‐synaptic receptor density, and found to occur in conjunction with synaptic pruning. Pioneering cellular neurophysiologic studies demonstrated the critical roles of transmembrane signal transduction, NMDA receptor regulation, regulation of neural membrane biophysical properties, and back‐propagating action potential in critical time‐dependent coincidence detection in behavior‐modifying circuits. Concerning the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes, regulation of gene transcription was found to serve as a bridge between experience and behavioral change, closing the ‘nature versus nurture’ divide. Both active DNA (de)methylation and regulation of chromatin structure have been validated as crucial regulators of gene transcription during learning. The discovery of protein synthesis dependence on the acquisition of behavioral change was an influential discovery in the neurochemistry of behavioral modification. Higher order cognitive functions such as decision making and spatial and language learning were also discovered to hinge on neural plasticity mechanisms. The role of disruption of these processes in intellectual disabilities, memory disorders, and drug addiction has recently been clarified based on modern genetic techniques, including in the human.
image
The area of neural plasticity and behavior has seen tremendous advances over the last six decades, with many of those advances being specifically in the neurochemistry domain. This review provides an overview of the progress in the area of neuroplasticity and behavior over the life‐span of the Journal of Neurochemistry. To organize the broad literature base, the review collates progress into fifteen broad categories identified as ‘conceptual advances’, as viewed by the author. The fifteen areas are delineated in the figure above.This article is part of the 60th Anniversary special issue.
Effects of Multivitamin Supplements on Cognitive Function, Serum Homocysteine Level, and Depression of Korean Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Care Facilities
Authors: Lee Hye Kyung , Kim So Young , Sok Sohyune R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeTo examine effects of multivitamin supplements on cognitive function, serum homocysteine level, and depression of Korean older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in care facilities.DesignA quasi‐experimental pretest‐posttest control group design was employed.MethodsForty‐eight adults 65 years of age and older with MCI (experimental,n= 24; control,n= 24) who were living in care facilities in Gyeong‐gi‐do, Korea, were recruited. Multivitamin supplements as experimental treatment consisted of vitamin B6, B12, and folic acid. Multivitamin supplements were taken at a dosage of one pill every day for 12 weeks through the oral route. Measures were Mini Mental State Examination‐Korean, serum homocysteine level, and Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea Version. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 21.0 statistical software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).FindingsThere were significant effects of multivitamin supplements on cognitive function (F = 3.624,p= .021), serum homocysteine level (F = 6.974,p= .001), and depression (F = 10.849,p= .001).ConclusionsMultivitamin supplements increased cognitive function, and decreased serum homocysteine level and depression of Korean older adults with MCI in care facilities.Clinical RelevanceMultivitamin supplements can be utilized for improving cognitive ability and for decreasing depression of Korean older adults with MCI in care facilities.
Revolution and the Whip of Reaction: Technicians of Power and the Dialectic of Radicalisation
Authors: Mulholland Marc 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article argues that sociologically informed studies of revolution tend to underestimate the importance of counter‐revolution and ‘reaction’ in generating radicalisation. Revolutions are inherently political. Most accounts recognise this, but emphasise the executive organs of state – such as monarch, cabinet or ministers – at the expense of the intermediary ‘technicians of power’. Revolutions, however, typically seek to refashion an entire technocracy of power, and in so doing struggle against embedded and powerful sites of reaction. Central to the dynamic of revolution is the ‘purge’ of the technocracy of power. As governing structures are not easily transformed at a stroke, revolutions may be seen as punctuating long processes of struggle. Historically, the governing apparatus has been most effectively revolutionised under conditions of military occupation. The thesis is illustrated here by a narrative of revolution in Europe from the English Civil War to the Liberation of the 1940s, with a coda on ’68.