bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency severity index compared with 4-level triage at the emergency department of Ramathibodi University Hospital
Authors: Yuksen Chaiyaporn , Sawatmongkornkul Sorravit , Suttabuth Supakrid , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak , Sittichanbuncha Yuwares 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Emergency department (ED) triage is important for categorizing and prioritizing patients. Effective triage may assist in crowd reduction in the ED and appropriate patient management. There are several systems, including the 5-level Emergency Severity Index (ESI) and the 4-level Ramathibodi-nurse triage. Currently, there are limited data by which to compare the 5- versus 4-level triage; particularly on health outcomes, such as length of stay in the ED, mortality, and resource needs.

Objective
To compare the accuracy of 5- and 4-level triage in an ED.

Method
This observational study was conducted on a cross-section of patients in the ED at Ramathibodi Hospital of Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand. Eligible patients were those who visited the ED and were evaluated by ESI and nurse triage. Each evaluation was blinded to the results of the other. Discrimination performance between the 5- and 4-level triage was compared by using the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and concordance statistic for prediction of life saving intervention. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) of the 5-level ESI over the 4-level triage was performed.

Result
Study criteria were met by 520 patients. The areas under the ROC curves of the ESI and nurse triage on life-saving intervention were 92.2% (95% confidence intervals were 87.3%, 96.9%) and 81.3% (95% CI 75.2%, 87.3%), respectively. Areas under the ROC curve differed significantly (P < 0.001). The overall reclassification improvement was 42.4%.

Conclusion
The 5-level emergency severity index was more accurate than the 4-level triage in terms of lifesaving intervention.
Evaluation of the utility of cardiac ultrasonography of patients in a surgical intensive care unit
Authors: Prichayudh Supparerk , Uthaithammarat Tatsana , Chatrkaw Phornlert , Poonyathawon Sahadol , Thawitsri Thammasak , Kumwilaisak Kanya , Kongwibulwut Manasnun , Chokengarmwong Nalin 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Ultrasonography is being more commonly used by intensivists to assess the hemodynamic status of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) and for other purposes.

Objective
To review the indications for and evaluate the impact of cardiac ultrasonography (CUS) on the management of patients in a surgical ICU (SICU).

Method
We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of patients in the SICU who underwent CUS performed by intensivists at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital from January 2011 to March 2013. CUS was used to determine (1) preload (using inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and collapsibility index), (2) cardiac contractility (using subjective assessment and fractional shortening), and (3) other miscellaneous findings.

Result
We included data from 157 patients (96 male and 61 female) whose age ranged from 15 to 99 years (mean 63.5 years) in the study. CUS was performed 190 times in these 157 patients. The most common indication for CUS was hemodynamic status assessment (78), followed by shock (69), oliguria (35), and other (8). CUS results led to 71 changes in management (37% of cases) ; namely, fluid challenge (38), inotropic drug management (7), drainage of pleural/abdominal fluid (12), and other changes (14). A weakly-positive correlation between the IVC diameter and CVP (Pearson’s r = 0.45) was demonstrated. The overall mortality rate was 14.6%.

Conclusion
CUS performed by intensivists can be used to assess the hemodynamic status of patients in the SICU, especially those with shock or oliguria, and lead to changes in the management of these patients.
Evaluation and Comparison of Performance in the Disc Filter with Sand Filters of Filtration Equipment in Micro Irrigation Systems
Authors: Ghaffari Masoud , Soltani Jaber 
Published: August 2016

At the present time, the need to evacuate organic and green growth of algae contaminants in micro irrigation system is expanding increasingly. The worldwide populace is expanding and as a result of this, the world may encounter extraordinary fresh water shortage. Our water assets are constrained and, subsequently, water treatment and reusing strategies are the main choices for getting crisp and fresh water in the coming decades. This study examines the rate of the impact of green growth of algae existing in micro irrigation system performance on the disc filters and sand tanks in the examination field of water, soil and horticultural and agricultural commercial enterprises Vice-Presidency of Karaj.The analyses were performed in four scenarios comprising of ordinary disc filter together with sand tank, automated disc filter together with sand tank, automated disc filter without sand tank lastly common ordinary disc filter without sand tank. These scenarios were assessed and looked at in three classifications of physical quality of irrigation system water. Data collection and experiments was run up to three months. The results of the experiments demonstrated that concentration of organic and suspended materials is viewed as safe for low flow emitters. In the range of 50 through 100 mg per liter, automated disc filters represented a good performance. In the concentration of 100 mg/l or higher, the performance of disc filters significantly decreased; subsequently it is important to put the sand tank before disc filters.
A Simple and Sensitive Voltammetric Method for the Determination of Orange II Based on a Functionalized Graphene-Modified Electrode
Authors: Gao Yudong , Xie Zhengkun , Zhang Yulong , Zou Lina , Ye Baoxian 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A simple and sensitive voltammetric sensor for Orange II was developed, based on a poly(sodium p-styrenesulfonate)-functionalized graphene-modified glassy carbon electrode. This voltammetric sensor showed strong accumulation ability and an excellent voltammetric response for Orange II. The electrochemical behavior of Orange II was systematically investigated in a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution. By linear sweep voltammetry, under optimum conditions, a good linear relationship was obtained between peak currents and Orange II concentrations in the wider range of 3 × 10−8 to 5 × 10−6 mol/L, with an LOD of 1 × 10−8 mol/L. In addition, the proposed Orange II sensor was successfully applied to real food samples with satisfactory recovery.
Evolution of crystal imperfections during current-stress ageing tests of green InGaN light-emitting diodes
Authors: Lin Yue , Peng Zhangbao , Zhu Lihong , Yan Wei , Shih Tien-mo , Wu Tingzhu , Lu Yijun , Gao Yulin , Chen Zhong , Guo Ziquan , Liu Zhuguang 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We perform ageing tests under high current on several green InGaN light-emitting diodes and compare the luminous homogeneities of chip surfaces, shapes of external quantum efficiency (EQE) curves, and electroluminescence spectra during different ageing stages. By curve fittings to the EQE curves, with the ABC and two-level models, we discover that a high injection current density can modify the defect configuration in quantum wells even at room temperature, as high-temperature annealing can. For In-rich devices, the removal of localization centers is another origin of luminous intensity decay in addition to the formation of point defects.
Interfacial engineering of MoS2/TiO2 hybrids for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Song Xiaolin , Chen Guifeng , Guan Lixiu , Zhang Hui , Tao Junguang 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Herein, we show that the synergistic effect between MoS2 and TiO2 enhances the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance of their hybrids, which is tunable via interface engineering. Among several interfaces, MoS2/TiO2–H complexes exhibit the best HER activity. The observed Tafel slope of 66.9 mV/dec is well in range of previous literature reports, suggesting a Volmer–Heyrovsky mechanism. Enhanced activities were attributed to abundant active sites at the interfaces, as well as improved charge transfer efficiency. Our results emphasize the roles that interfaces play in enhancing the HER activities of MoS2-based heterogeneous catalysts.
Current-driven domain wall motion due to volume spin transfer torque in Co/Ni multilayer systems on Au underlayer
Authors: Ryu Kwang-Su , Yang See-Hun , Thomas Luc , Parkin Stuart 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We have studied the current-induced domain wall (CIDW) dynamics in perpendicularly magnetized Co/Ni multilayers deposited on Au underlayer, where the conventional spin transfer torque governs the domain wall dynamics, by the Kerr microscope. It is found that the DW angle tilting following Oersted field profile plays an important role in domain wall (DW) motion at high current density J by decreasing DW velocity with the increasing J, while distorting its DW morphology. Also we find that the DW pinning becomes pronounced as the anisotropy decreases by increasing number of Co/Ni repeats. Most remarkably, the DW tilting angle changes its sign by inserting ultrathin Pt layer between Au and Co layer, which suggests that the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction and spin Hall effect induces opposite effect in DW tilting. Our findings can be of use for application of CIDW to spintronics with perpendicularly magnetized systems.
Highly accurate servo control of reference beam angle in holographic memory with polarized servo beam
Authors: Hosaka Makoto , Ogata Takeshi , Yamada Kenichiro , Yamazaki Kazuyoshi , Shimada Kenichi 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We propose a new servo technique for controlling the reference beam angle in angular multiplexing holographic memory to attain higher capacity and higher speed data archiving. An orthogonally polarized beam with an incident angle slightly different from that of the reference beam is newly applied to the optics. The control signal for the servo is generated as the difference between the diffracted light intensities of these two beams from a hologram. The incident angle difference between the beams to the medium was optimized as sufficient properties of the control signal were obtained. The high accuracy of the control signal with an angle error lower than 1.5 mdeg was successfully confirmed in the simulations and experiments.
A framework for smartphone-enabled, patient-generated health data analysis
Authors: Gollamudi Shreya S. , Topol Eric J. , Wineinger Nathan E. 
Published: August 2016

Background:Digital medicine and smartphone-enabled health technologies provide a novel source of human health and human biology data. However, in part due to its intricacies, few methods have been established to analyze and interpret data in this domain. We previously conducted a six-month interventional trial examining the efficacy of a comprehensive smartphone-based health monitoring program for individuals with chronic disease. This included 38 individuals with hypertension who recorded 6,290 blood pressure readings over the trial.Methods:In the present study, we provide a hypothesis testing framework for unstructured time series data, typical of patient-generated mobile device data. We used a mixed model approach for unequally spaced repeated measures using autoregressive and generalized autoregressive models, and applied this to the blood pressure data generated in this trial.Results:We were able to detect, roughly, a 2 mmHg decrease in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure over the course of the trial despite considerable intra- and inter-individual variation. Furthermore, by supplementing this finding by using a sequential analysis approach, we observed this result over three months prior to the official study end—highlighting the effectiveness of leveraging the digital nature of this data source to form timely conclusions.Conclusions:Health data generated through the use of smartphones and other mobile devices allow individuals the opportunity to make informed health decisions, and provide researchers the opportunity to address innovative health and biology questions. The hypothesis testing framework we present can be applied in future studies utilizing digital medicine technology or implemented in the technology itself to support the quantified self.
Prediction of M2 tidal surface currents by a global baroclinic ocean model and evaluation using observed drifter trajectories
Authors: Kodaira Tsubasa , Thompson Keith R. , Bernier Natacha B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGlobal M2 tidal surface currents are predicted using a global baroclinic ocean model with horizontal grid spacing of 1/12° and 19 z‐levels in the vertical. After first showing the predicted tidal elevations are in reasonable agreement with observations made by bottom pressure recorders and altimeters, the predicted tidal surface currents are evaluated by comparing them with independent estimates based on observed drifter trajectories. Both predicted and observed tidal surface currents can exceed 0.1 m s−1 in the deep ocean. Internal tides are shown to make a significant contribution to the predicted tidal surface currents. Phase locking of the surface and internal tides causes spatial changes in the predicted tidal surface currents that vary with approximately the same wavenumber as that of the lowest mode internal tide. Qualitatively similar, small‐scale variations are also detected in the observed estimates but the variations do not line up exactly with the predictions. Possible explanations for the mismatch are given. The seasonal variation of M2 tidal surface currents, and the energy conversion rate from surface to internal tides, is also predicted by initializing, and restoring, the model to an observed seasonal climatology of temperature and salinity. Compared to tidal elevation, the seasonal change of tidal surface current can be large (order 10% for each hemisphere). It is caused by seasonal variations in the vertical structure of the baroclinic modes and the energy conversion rate. In the vicinity of major bathymetric features, the seasonal variation of second and higher order modes can be much larger (up to 50%).
Identification and intercomparison of surface‐based inversions over Antarctica from IASI, ERA‐Interim, and Concordiasi dropsonde data
Authors: Boylan Patrick , Wang Junhong , Cohn Stephen A. , Hultberg Tim , August Thomas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSurface‐based temperature inversions (SBIs) occur frequently over Antarctica and play an important role in climate and weather. Antarctic SBIs are examined during the austral spring of 2010 using measurements from dropsondes, ERA‐Interim Atmospheric Reanalysis Model, and the recently released version 6 of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) level 2 product. A SBI detection algorithm is applied to temperature profiles from these data sets. The results will be used to determine if satellite and reanalysis products can accurately characterize SBIs, and if so, then they may be used to study SBIs outside of the spring 2010 study period. From the dropsonde data, SBIs occur in 20% of profiles over sea ice and 54% of profiles over land. IASI and ERA‐Interim surface air temperatures are found to be significantly warmer than dropsonde observations at high plateau regions, while IASI surface air temperatures are colder over sea ice. IASI and ERA‐Interim have a cold bias at nearly all levels above the surface when compared to the dropsonde. SBIs are characterized by their frequency, depth, and intensity. It is found that SBIs are more prevalent, deeper, and more intense over the continent than over sea ice, especially at higher surface elevations. Using IASI and ERA‐Interim data the detection algorithm has a high probability of detection of SBIs but is found to severely overestimate the depth and underestimate the intensity for both data sets. These overestimation and underestimation are primarily due to the existence of extremely shallow inversion layers that neither satellite nor reanalysis products can resolve.
Quantifying uncertainties on regional sea level change induced by multidecadal intrinsic oceanic variability
Authors: Sérazin Guillaume , Meyssignac Benoit , Penduff Thierry , Terray Laurent , Barnier Bernard , Molines Jean‐Marc 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA global eddy‐permitting (1/4° resolution) ocean general circulation model is shown to spontaneously generate intrinsic oceanic variability (IOV) up to multidecadal timescales (T > 20 years) under a repeated seasonal atmospheric forcing. In eddy‐active regions, the signature of this multidecadal eddy‐driven IOV on sea level is substantial, weakly autocorrelated, and is comparable to (and may clearly exceed) the corresponding signature of internal climate variability (ICV) produced by current coupled climate models—whose laminar ocean components may strongly underestimate IOV. Deriving sea level trends from finite‐length time series in eddy‐active regions yields uncertainties induced by this multidecadal IOV, which are of the same order of magnitude as those due to ICV. A white noise model is proposed to approximate the low‐frequency tail of the IOV spectra and could be used to update ICV estimates from current climate simulations and projections.
A statistical study of EMIC rising and falling tone emissions observed by THEMIS
Authors: Nakamura Satoko , Omura Yoshiharu , Angelopoulos Vassilis 
Published: August 2016

AbstractElectromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves with rising or falling frequency variations have been studied intensively because of their effects on energetic particles in the Earth's magnetosphere. We develop an automated classification method of EMIC events based on the characteristics of frequency variations. We report some basic statistical properties of frequency variations in EMIC waves observed over 5–10 RE by three Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms probes from January 2012 to December 2014. We clarify whether rising tones or falling tones are observed in each chosen 20 min time segment. In the present analysis, we find that the occurrence rate of EMIC rising or falling tone events is more than 30% of the total EMIC wave events. The dayside magnetosphere is a preferential region for the EMIC frequency variations. The occurrence rate of rising tone events is slightly greater than that of falling tone events. We examine the relation between the frequency characteristics and the magnetospheric conditions. The solar wind pressure strongly controls the occurrence rates of frequency variations. We also calculate ranges of frequency variations. Large‐amplitude EMIC waves tend to have wider frequency variations, and the range of frequency variation is largest around the prenoon region. In addition, rapid variations in wave amplitudes called “subpacket structures” are found in 70% of the EMIC rising or falling tone events in the dayside region. Subpacket structures appear mainly in large‐amplitude EMIC rising or falling tones. These features are consistent with nonlinear wave growth theory.
Wave‐driven gradual loss of energetic electrons in the slot region
Authors: He Zhaoguo , Yan Qi , Chu Yuchuan , Cao Yong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractResonant pitch angle scattering by plasmaspheric hiss has long been considered to be responsible for the energetic electron loss in the slot region, but the detailed quantitative comparison between theory and observations is still lacking. Here we focus on the loss of 100–600 keV electrons at L = 3 during the recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm on 28 June 2013. Van Allen Probes data showed the concurrence of intense (with power up to 10−4 nT2/Hz) plasmaspheric hiss waves and significant (up to 1 order) loss of energetic electrons within 2 days. Our quasi‐linear diffusion simulations show that hiss scattering can basically reproduce the temporal evolution of the angular distribution of the observed electron flux decay. This quantitative analysis provides further support for the mechanism of hiss‐driven electron loss in the slot region.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Reductive Cross‐Coupling Between Benzyl Chlorides and Aryl Halides
Authors: Pal Suman , Chowdhury Sushobhan , Rozwadowski Elodie , Auffrant Audrey , Gosmini Corinne 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA new protocol for the direct reductive cobalt‐catalyzed arylation of benzyl chlorides has been developed in order to form functionalized diarylmethanes. A variety of reactive groups either on the aryl or the benzyl halide was employed. This represents the first cobalt‐catalyzed reductive cross‐coupling which does not require any ligand and pyridine. A reaction pathway is proposed involving a radical benzyl species.magnified image
Natural Dye Cyanidin‐Based Polyacrylonitrile Conjugate as Environmental‐Friendly Thin Film Sensor
Authors: Fares Mohammad M. , Masadeh Khansa'a H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNatural dye cyanidin extracted from red cabbage and adsorbed on the surface of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) in the presence of epichlorohydrin coupling agent to form transparent environmental‐friendly thin‐film sensor was achieved. The potential thin film showed successful sensor behavior and demonstrated gradual and reversible sensing change in the pH range of 2.0–11.0. Visual and Lucid color change of the thin film was observed at inclined pH value; fuchsia color at pH 1–3, purple color at pH 6–8, and blue color at pH 10–11. Structural identification of the thin‐film sensor provided evidence of physical adsorption of cyanidin on the surface of PAN via epichlorohydrin coupling agent as prevailed by FTIR spectroscopy. Moreover, the thin‐film sensor demonstrated thermal stability up to 105°C, as onset degradation temperature, as verified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and its first derivative (DTG) techniques. Moreover, the pH‐sensing change of the 1‐mm‐thick thin film was checked by UV‐Vis technique. The oligomer formation of cyanidin, mediated by epichlorohydrin, lead to the formation of stable and successful adsorption on the surface of PAN with uniform and soft appearance. The concept of the reversible stability and response time of the thin film sensor were also proved. The cyanidin‐based PAN conjugate sensor act as a novel environmental‐friendly sensor with the following specifications: low cost, easy fabrication, high sensing capacity, appropriate reversible stability, and response time specifications. Such exquisite specifications of the thin‐film sensor adapt it to put into service in optoelectronics and microelectronic devices.