bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employer-Funded Complete Health Improvement Program: Preliminary Results of Biomarker Changes
Authors: Remy Cassady , Shubrook Jay H. , Nakazawa Masato , Drozek David 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Context
Previous studies of the Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP) have demonstrated short-term improvements in select metabolic and cardiovascular biomarkers in community-based programs. However, less is known about the benefits of an employer-funded lifestyle intervention program.

Objectives
To determine if participation in employer-provided CHIP would result in improvements in short-term metabolic and cardiovascular biomarkers, and to compare the results of the current study to a larger national study.

Methods
This observational study evaluated metabolic and cardiovascular biomarker changes in employer health insurance beneficiaries enrolled in CHIP between August 2012 and November 2014. Body mass index; blood pressure (systolic and diastolic); total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, fasting plasma glucose, and triglyceride levels; and weight were measured at baseline and after CHIP.

Results
Of 160 employees enrolled in CHIP, 115 women and 45 men agreed to participate in the study. Overall, the participants demonstrated significant reductions in body mass index, from a baseline average of 31.5 to a post-CHIP average of 30.5 (P<.001), systolic blood pressure from 124.5 to 119.4 mm Hg (P=.017), diastolic blood pressure from 77.3 to 74.5 mm Hg (P=.046), total cholesterol from 186.0 to 168.8 mg/dL (P<.001), low-density lipoprotein from 112.9 to 99.3 mg/dL (P<.001), high-density lipoprotein from 48.8 to 46.4 mg/dL (P<.001), and fasting plasma glucose from 100.8 to 96.5 mg/dL (P<.001).

Conclusion
When funded by an employer, CHIP demonstrated short-term improvements in select metabolic and cardiovascular biomarkers. Future studies will analyze these data to determine whether these findings translate into subsequent decreased employee absenteeism and reduced beneficiary health claims.
Introducing High School Students to Careers in Osteopathic Medicine
Authors: Wilson Nedra F. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
An aging population and expansion of health care coverage under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act have led to a predicted deficit of primary care physicians by 2025. In response, medical schools must develop new strategies to identify students early in their educational pathways to encourage exploration of careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, especially medicine. Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences developed 2 internship programs, Oklahoma Science Training and Research Students (OKStars) and Native OKStars, to introduce high school students to osteopathic medicine. Native OKStars was designed to encourage Native American students, who are underrepresented in STEM fields, to pursue osteopathic medicine. These programs provided students with a 6-week immersion in biomedical research, along with weekly discussion groups with mentors. Participant questionnaire responses suggested that these programs were effective in introducing them to careers in osteopathic medicine as well as other STEM fields.
Reduplication in Kurukh: A Study in Word-formation Processes and Vocabulary Acquisition
Authors: Vandana Lakra Alisha , Rahman Md. Mojibur 
Published: May 2017

Change is the nature of every living language for better communication. These changes can be phonological, morphological, syntactical and lexical, because of various linguistic affects. The synchronic and diachronic study of language proves that it enriches the vocabulary of the language. Another reason for the enrichment of vocabulary is through morphological word formation process which are mainly inflectional, derivational, compounding and reduplication, etc. Reduplication is implicit to phonological (sounds and prosodic units) and morphological (word constituents) components. It occurs in many languages and helps in the formation of new words. The present study concentrates on the process of reduplication Kurukh and the role of reduplication in acquiring vocabulary.
A Study of the Language Learning Motivation of Saudi Military Cadets
Authors: Alqahtani Ali Falah 
Published: May 2017

Using Dörnyei’s (2009) L2 Motivational Self System as the main theoretical framework, this paper reports a study of Saudi military cadets’ motivation to learn English. The study aimed to: a) investigate the usefulness of Dörnyei’s model for understanding and explaining English language motivation in this global context; b) capture other motivational factors seen to be relevant to the designated group’s motivation to learn English. A sample of 194 Saudi military cadets participated in the survey. Correlation and regression analysis of the data support the usefulness of the L2 Motivational Self System in assessing participants’ motivation to learn English. Language Learning Attitudes was found to be the best predictor of self-reported learning effort. In addition, Instrumentality Promotion and Instrumentality Prevention proved to be strong predictors of self-reported learning effort. Finally, the study hypothesised that a new construct ‘Religious Interest’ impacted on participants’ motivation to learn English, and regression analysis showed this was also a strong predictor of self-reported learning effort.
Teaching Word Formation Rules and Vocabulary Knowledge Expansion: Proactive Versus Reactive Focus on Form
Authors: Rashtchi Mojgan , Pirali Fatemeh 
Published: May 2017

Focus on form (FonF) instruction has been the source of much debate in the domain of SLA and different studies have addressed its impact on different language skills and sub skills. The present study employed proactive and reactive FonF instructions to teach word formation rules to enhance the learners’ vocabulary knowledge. In order to obtain comprehensive results, we adopted a mixed methods design and performed the study in three phases with six different groups of learners. Two groups of the pre-intermediate learners in each phase were selected and assigned to reactive and proactive FonF instructions. The participants took a word formation multiple-choice pretest, received the treatment for 16 weekly sessions, and participated in a posttest. Moreover, we used a checklist to keep a record of the participants’ attitudes, behaviors, and grammatical errors during the treatment that we believed could improve the quality of our treatment in the following phases. Another checklist helped us examine the consistency of the teachers’ classroom activities with the modes of instruction. The teacher’s responses to the checklists helped us to gather the qualitative data that could improve the subsequent phases. The means of the groups in each phase were compared via an independent samples t-test before and after the instruction. The results indicated that in the first and second phases there were significant differences between the word formation knowledge of the learners in the proactive and reactive FonF groups while in the third phase no statistically significant difference was observed with regard to the groups’ word formation knowledge.
Sir Richard Burton as Totemic Pantomime Demon in Postcolonial Theory
Authors: Wallen John 
Published: May 2017

The present article examines the ways in which the travels and journeys in Arabia and other Muslim lands of Richard Francis Burton, the nineteenth-century explorer and writer have, since the influential work of EdwardW. Said on Orientalism, been somewhat undervalued by contemporaries. It aims to offer a re-evaluation of those works and their contribution to Victorian knowledge. It will also offer a challenge to Said’s account of Burton and, particularly in the second part, look at ways in which Burton has been viewed more generally by post-colonial theorists since Said’s influential work.
Analysis of Inserted Clauses in the Legal Discourse from the Pragmatic Perspective
Authors: Karapetyan Ruzanna , Apresyan Margaret 
Published: May 2017

The aim of the given study is to examine the use of inserted clauses in the legal discourse and their unique role in this speech genre. The investigation of the topic is conducted in line with the principles of Functional Discourse Grammar. In the course of analysis we apply the theory of speech acts, namely performatives, the fundamental tenets of which permit to view the specific combination of shall+inserted clause as a particular feature of legal discourse. These overcomplicated grammatical structures are shown to fulfill the immediate function of performatives, that of enacting legal acts and doing things in the pragmatic sense of word, to the full extent.
Dosing strategies for switching from oral risperidone to paliperidone palmitate: Effects on clinical outcomes
Authors: Hsia Stephanie L. , Leckband Susan G. , Rao Sanjai , Jackson Elizabeth , Lacro Jonathan P. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Introduction:
There are currently no guidelines for switching patients from oral risperidone to paliperidone palmitate (Invega Sustenna®). Furthermore, the paliperidone long-acting injectable (LAI) package insert does not recommend bridging with oral antipsychotics, which may result in inadequate serum concentrations in patients on ≥4 mg/d risperidone.

Methods:
This study evaluated the effects of suboptimal dosing and bridging in patients switched from oral risperidone to paliperidone LAI on hospitalization days, emergency department (ED)/mental health urgent care visits, and no-shows/cancellations to mental health appointments. Patients were categorized into optimal or suboptimal dosing based on their loading and maintenance paliperidone doses. Patients on risperidone ≥4 mg/d were categorized as bridged if they received risperidone for ≥7 days after the first paliperidone injection.

Results:
There were no significant differences in outcomes between optimally and suboptimally dosed patients. There were statistically significant reductions in hospitalization days in patients who were bridged compared with patients who were not bridged. There were statistically significant reductions in hospitalization days and ED/mental health urgent care visits after switching to paliperidone LAI.

Discussion:
The results of this study indicate that bridging patients who are on ≥4 mg/d risperidone, when converting to paliperidone LAI, is associated with reductions in hospitalization days. However, more research is required to determine the optimal dose and duration of the bridge. The results also indicate that switching patients from oral risperidone to paliperidone LAI, even if the dose is suboptimal, is associated with reductions in hospitalization days and ED/mental health urgent care visits.
A pilot study evaluating the effectiveness of a medicines education group in a mental health inpatient setting: A UK perspective
Authors: White Daniel , Wright Max , Baber Bonita , Barrera Alvaro 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Introduction:
It is estimated that up to 50% of medications for long-term conditions are not taken as prescribed. In mental health conditions, poor adherence leads to increased relapse, suicide rates, and hospitalizations. It is recommended that health care professionals aim to elicit and address beliefs and attitudes about medication, and to understand the patient's experience of taking them, as these, among other factors, affect adherence rates. This study evaluated a pilot trial of a medicines group for adult inpatients on an acute mental health ward.

Methods:
This study comprises a pilot service evaluation of a medicines education group through the descriptive analysis of data obtained using a tailored outcome measure using validated experience and attitude measures. The medicines education group was designed by a multidisciplinary team and focused on eliciting perceptual and practical barriers to adherence, lived experience, psychoeducation, and shared problem solving. The group was run during a period of 3 months and was compared to a baseline data set.

Results:
In total there were 35 medicine group attendees, there were 3 dropouts, and the outcome measure was fully completed in 68% of cases, with only 4 refusing, indicating this pilot evaluation was feasible and acceptable. Descriptive analysis found that on average, group attendees reported a better understanding of the purpose and side effects of their medication, and felt more involved in decisions about their medicines compared with the baseline data set.

Discussion:
This pilot evaluation found that running a novel medicines education group, targeting perceptual and practical barriers to adherence, was acceptable to attendees and feasible to deliver on an adult psychiatric inpatient unit.
Early detection of an atypical presentation of neuroleptic malignant syndrome: A case report
Authors: Vickery P. Brittany , Meadowcraft Lindsy , Vickery Stephen B. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), which is considered a neurologic emergency, is believed to be caused by exposure to dopamine antagonist or withdrawal from a dopamine agonist. This article reports a case of suspected atypical NMS in a patient following rapid conversion of ziprasidone to risperidone without titration. While the initial presentation did not fully meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, diagnostic features, a sequential treatment strategy was initiated and the patient appropriately responded to antipsychotic cessation in addition to combination therapy with dantrolene and bromocriptine. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome diagnostic criteria, treatment, and prognosis are discussed.
A Monte Carlo model of crustal field influences on solar energetic particle precipitation into the Martian atmosphere
Authors: Jolitz R. D. , Dong C. F. , Lee C. O. , Lillis R. J. , Brain D. A. , Curry S. M. , Bougher S. , Parkinson C. D. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSolar energetic particles (SEPs) can precipitate directly into the atmospheres of weakly magnetized planets, causing increased ionization, heating, and altered neutral chemistry. However, strong localized crustal magnetism at Mars can deflect energetic charged particles and reduce precipitation. In order to quantify these effects, we have developed a model of proton transport and energy deposition in spatially varying magnetic fields, called Atmospheric Scattering of Protons and Energetic Neutrals. We benchmark the model's particle tracing algorithm, collisional physics, and heating rates, comparing against previously published work in the latter two cases. We find that energetic nonrelativistic protons precipitating in proximity to a crustal field anomaly will primarily deposit energy at either their stopping altitude or magnetic reflection altitude. We compared atmospheric ionization in the presence and absence of crustal magnetic fields at 50°S and 182°E during the peak flux of the 29 October 2003 “Halloween storm” SEP event. The presence of crustal magnetic fields reduced total ionization by ~30% but caused ionization to occur over a wider geographic area.
Microphysical explanation of the RH‐dependent water affinity of biogenic organic aerosol and its importance for climate
Authors: Rastak N. , Pajunoja A. , Acosta Navarro J. C. , Ma J. , Song M. , Partridge D. G. , Kirkevåg A. , Leong Y. , Hu W. W. , Taylor N. F. , Lambe A. , Cerully K. , Bougiatioti A. , Liu P. , Krejci R. , Petäjä T. , Percival C. , Davidovits P. , Worsnop D. R. , Ekman A. M. L. , Nenes A. , Martin S. , Jimenez J. L. , Collins D. R. , Topping D.O. , Bertram A. K. , Zuend A. , Virtanen A. , Riipinen I. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA large fraction of atmospheric organic aerosol (OA) originates from natural emissions that are oxidized in the atmosphere to form secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Isoprene (IP) and monoterpenes (MT) are the most important precursors of SOA originating from forests. The climate impacts from OA are currently estimated through parameterizations of water uptake that drastically simplify the complexity of OA. We combine laboratory experiments, thermodynamic modeling, field observations, and climate modeling to (1) explain the molecular mechanisms behind RH‐dependent SOA water‐uptake with solubility and phase separation; (2) show that laboratory data on IP‐ and MT‐SOA hygroscopicity are representative of ambient data with corresponding OA source profiles; and (3) demonstrate the sensitivity of the modeled aerosol climate effect to assumed OA water affinity. We conclude that the commonly used single‐parameter hygroscopicity framework can introduce significant error when quantifying the climate effects of organic aerosol. The results highlight the need for better constraints on the overall global OA mass loadings and its molecular composition, including currently underexplored anthropogenic and marine OA sources.
On the early fate of hydrothermal iron at deep‐sea vents: A reassessment after in situ filtration
Authors: Waeles M. , Cotte L. , Pernet‐Coudrier B. , Chavagnac V. , Cathalot C. , Leleu T. , Laës‐Huon A. , Perhirin A. , Riso R. D. , Sarradin P.‐M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDeep‐sea hydrothermal venting is now recognized as a major source of iron (Fe), an essential trace element that controls marine productivity. However, the reactions occurring during dispersal from buoyant plumes to neutrally buoyant hydrothermal plumes are still poorly constrained. Here we report for the first time on the dissolved‐particulate partition of Fe after in situ filtration at the early stage of mixing at different hydrothermal discharges, i.e., Lucky Strike (37°N), TAG (26°N), and Snakepit (23°N) on the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge. We found that hydrothermal iron is almost completely preserved (>90%) in the dissolved fraction, arguing for low iron‐bearing sulfide precipitation of iron in basalt‐hosted systems with low Fe:H2S ratios. This result can only be explained by a kinetically limited formation of pyrite. The small part of Fe being precipitated as sulfides in the mixing gradient (<10%) is restricted to the inclusion of Fe in minerals of high Cu and Zn content. We also show that secondary venting is a source of Fe‐depleted hydrothermal solutions. These results provide new constrains on Fe fluxes from hydrothermal venting.
Intraseasonal sea surface warming in the western Indian Ocean by oceanic equatorial Rossby waves
Authors: Rydbeck Adam V. , Jensen Tommy G. , Nyadjro Ebenezer S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA novel process is identified whereby equatorial Rossby (ER) waves maintain warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies against cooling by processes related to atmospheric convection in the western Indian Ocean. As downwelling ER waves enter the western Indian Ocean, SST anomalies of +0.15°C develop near 60°E. These SST anomalies are hypothesized to stimulate convective onset of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation. The upper ocean warming that manifests in response to downwelling ER waves is examined in a mixed layer heat budget using observational and reanalysis products, respectively. In the heat budget, horizontal advection is the leading contributor to warming, in part due to an equatorial westward jet of 80 cm s−1 associated with downwelling ER waves. When anomalous currents associated with ER waves are removed in the budget, the warm intraseasonal temperature anomaly in the western Indian Ocean is eliminated in observations and reduced by 55% in reanalysis.
Ice lollies: An ice particle generated in supercooled conveyor belts
Authors: Keppas S. Ch. , Crosier J. , Choularton T. W. , Bower K. N. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOn 21 January 2009, a maturing low‐pressure weather system approached the UK along with several associated frontal systems. As a part of the Aerosol Properties, PRocesses And InfluenceS on the Earth's climate‐Clouds project, an observational research flight took place in southern England, sampling the leading warm front of this system. During the flight, a distinctive hydrometeor type was repeatedly observed which has not been widely reported in previous studies. We refer to the hydrometeors as “drizzle‐rimed columnar ice” or “ice lollies” for short due to their characteristic shape. We discuss the processes that led to their formation using in situ and remote sensing data.
Rupture process of the 2016 Wharton Basin strike‐slip faulting earthquake estimated from joint inversion of teleseismic and tsunami waveforms
Authors: Gusman Aditya Riadi , Satake Kenji , Harada Tomoya 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe 2016 Wharton Basin strike‐slip faulting earthquake generated a small tsunami that was clearly recorded at deep ocean stations. Teleseismic inversions were made on four different nodal planes suggested by Global Centroid Moment Tensor and W‐phase solutions. Tsunami waveforms computed for the north‐south striking westward dipping plane were most similar to the observations. With this fault plane, joint inversions of teleseismic and tsunami waveforms were used to estimate the kinematic rupture process. The weights of teleseismic and tsunami waveforms were found to make both data sets equally contribute to the solution. Misfit analysis of both data sets favored a rupture model with rupture front speed of 2.0 km/s. The seismic moment was estimated to be 7.69 × 1020 Nm (Mw 7.9), most of it was released within 30 s and it peaked at 15 s. Subfaults with slip larger than 5 m were located from near surface to 30 km depth.
Role of lower hybrid waves in ion heating at dipolarization fronts
Authors: Greco A. , Artemyev A. , Zimbardo G. , Angelopoulos V. , Runov A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOne of the important sources of hot ions in the magnetotail is the bursty bulk flows propagating away from the reconnection region and heating the ambient plasma. Charged particles interact with nonlinear magnetic field pulses (dipolarization fronts, DFs) embedded into these flows. The convection electric fields associated with DF propagation are known to reflect and accelerate ambient ions. Moreover, a wide range of waves is observed within/near these fronts, the electric field fluctuations being dominated by the lower hybrid drift (LHD) instability. Here we investigate the potential role of these waves in the further acceleration of ambient ions. We use a LHD wave emission profile superimposed on the leading edge of a two‐dimensional model profile of a DF and a test particle approach. We show that LHD waves with realistic amplitudes can significantly increase the upper limit of energies gained by ions. Wave‐particle interaction near the front is more effective in producing superthermal ions than in increasing the flux of thermal ions. Comparison of test particle simulations and Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms observations show that ion acceleration by LHD waves is more important for slower DFs.
Electron temperature maps of the low solar corona: ISCORE results from the total solar eclipse of 1 August 2008 in China
Authors: Reginald Nelson L. , Davila Joseph M. , St. Cyr Orville C. , Rabin Douglas M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe conducted an experiment in conjunction with the total solar eclipse of 1 August 2008 in China to determine the thermal electron temperature in the low solar corona close to the solar limb. The instrument, Imaging Spectrograph of Coronal Electrons (ISCORE), consisted of an 8 inch f/10 Schmidt Cassegrain telescope with a thermoelectrically cooled CCD camera at the focal plane. Results are electron temperatures of 1 MK at 1.08 R⊙ and 1.13 R⊙ from the Sun center in the polar and equatorial regions, respectively. This experiment confirms the results of an earlier experiment conducted in conjunction with the total eclipse of 29 March 2006 in Libya, and results are that at a given coronal height the electron temperature in the polar region is larger than at the equatorial region. In this paper we show the importance of using the correct photospheric spectrum pertinent to the solar activity phase at the time of the experiment, which is a required parameter for modeling the underlying theoretical concept for temperature interpretation of the measured intensity ratios using color filters.