bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil dryness matters to ecosystem photosynthesis when and where it does
Authors: Liu Jiangong , Wang Qiren , Zhan Weiwei , Lian Xu , Gentine Pierre 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Projected increases in the intensity and frequency of droughts in the 21st century are expected to cause a significant negative impact on terrestrial gross primary productivity (GPP). Yet, the relative impact of soil water supply (indicated by soil moisture) and atmospheric water demand (indicated by vapour pressure deficit, VPD) on GPP remains debated, primarily due to their strong covariations, the presence of confounding factors, and unresolved causal relationships among the interconnected hydrometeorological drivers of GPP. In this study, using a causality-guided explainable artificial intelligence framework, we show that soil moisture is the dominant regulator of water stress, surpassing the role of VPD, when and where soil water supply limits ecosystem functions. Temporally, we use in-situ flux tower data to demonstrate that soil moisture dominates the GPP response during periods of insufficient soil water supply. Spatially, we assess the global spatial patterns of satellite sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (a proxy for GPP) in water-limited regions and demonstrate that they are mostly dominated by soil moisture. Conversely, VPD plays a greater role in controlling the temporal and spatial variations in GPP than soil moisture when and where soil water supply is not limited. The relative role of soil moisture and VPD is modulated by plant adaptation to long-term climatological aridity and plant functional types. Our findings reconcile the ongoing debate over the impacts of soil and atmospheric dryness on ecosystem functions. They provide crucial insights into how terrestrial ecosystems respond to increasing aridity and more frequent droughts, particularly given the potential ecosystem shifts from energy to water limitation.
Mothers' Perceptions of Child Nutrition and Growth Monitoring: Insights and Challenges within Rwanda's National Nutrition Program.
Authors: Rukundo Enock , Sandøy Ingvild Fossgard , Tumusiime David K. , Frøen J. Frederik , Mørkrid Kjersti , Venkateswaran Mahima , Uwera Thaoussi , Papadopoulou Eleni 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction: Many Rwandan children under the age of two suffer from malnutrition, which affects their physical growth and cognitive development. This study explored the perspectives and attitudes of mothers of children eligible for child growth and nutrition monitoring services to find out how attendance of such services and adherence to treatment may be improved.
Methods: We conducted fifty-two in-depth interviews with purposively sampled mothers of infants below 2 years. The interview guide was developed based on the health belief model. Through deductive thematic analysis, we explored the mothers' perspectives, attitudes towards the program, including perceived strengths and challenges and factors influencing attendance.
Findings: Mothers acknowledged the adverse effects of undernutrition on children’s health. They appreciated the child nutrition services, including nutrition education and food supplementation. In addition, they recognized the contributions of community health workers (CHWs) in conducting home visits and providing education and support for child nutrition. However, they encountered challenges such as long waiting times at health centers which interfered with their caregiving responsibilities and activities to make an income, and stigma associated with seeking treatment for undernutrition.
Conclusion: Poverty was a major barrier to child nutrition service use, despite incentives being provided to the poorest families. Outreach programs, integration of child health services and efforts to reduce the stigma associated with seeking help for undernutrition may improve the utilization of nutrition services and adherence to nutritional advice.
Integrated Single-cell RNA-seq and Bulk RNA-seq Identify Diagnostic Biomarkers for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Wang Hanyu , Peng Chong , Hu Guangbing , Chen Wenhao , Hu Yong , Pi Honglin 
Published: October 2024

Aim:
We aimed to explore diagnostic biomarkers of postmenopausal osteoporosis
(PMOP).

Background:
PMOP brings enormous physical and economic burden to elderly women.

Methods:
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to
identify osteoporosis-related hub genes. Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of osteoporosis
was depicted and the heterogeneity of monocytes was analyzed, based on which the biomarkers
for osteoporosis were screened. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was conducted
on the biomarkers. The diagnostic model (nomogram) was established and evaluated
based on the expression levels of biomarkers. Additionally, the transcription factor
(TF) regulatory network was constructed to predict the potential TF and targeted miRNA
of biomarkers. The drugs with significant correlation with biomarkers were identified
by Spearman correlation analysis.

Results:
We obtained 30 osteoporosis-associated hub genes. 9 cell types were identified,
and the monocytes were subdivided to 4 subtypes. Three biomarkers, DHX29, LSM5,
and UBE2V2, were screened. DHX29 and UBE2V2 were highly expressed in non-classical
monocytes, while LSM5 exhibited the highest expression in other monocytes, followed
by non-classical monocytes. GSEA indicated that osteoporosis may be correlated
with vascular calcification and the biomarkers may be involved in the formation of immune
cells. Then, nomogram was constructed and exhibited good robustness. In addition,
MYC and SETDB1 were the shared IF in three biomarkers, which may play critical
regulatory roles in the progression of osteoporosis. Moreover, 41, 49, and 68 drugs
appeared significant correlations with DHX29, LSM5, and UBE2V2, respectively.

Conclusion:
This study provided a basis for early diagnosis and targeted treatment of osteoporosis.

conclusion:
In a word, DHX29, LSM5, and UBE2V2 were identified as the candidate biomarkers, which provided a basis for early diagnosis and targeted treatment of osteoporosis.
The Punicalagin Compound Mitigates Bronchial Epithelial Cell Senescence Induced by Cigarette Smoke Extract through the PAR2/mTOR Pathway
Authors: Xu Jianguo , Li Xin , Zeng Xiaoli , Bao Hairong , Liu Xiaoju 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Tobacco smoke is an important inducer of airway epithelial cell
aging. Punicalagin(PCG) is a natural anti-aging compound. The effect of PCG on tobacco
smoke-induced airway epithelial cell senescence is unknown.

Objective:
Our study investigated whether PCG can treat the human bronchial epithelial
cell line (BEAS-2B) aging by inhibiting the protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2)/m-
TOR pathway.

Methods:
Bioinformatics techniques were used to analyze the potential biological functions
of PAR2. Molecular dynamics evaluated the binding ability of PCG and PAR2.
The CCK8 assay was used to detect the cytotoxicity of CSE and PCG. The activity of
the PAR2/mTOR pathway and the expression of the characteristic aging markers p16,
p21, and SIRT1 are detected by qRT-PCR and Western blotting. Cell senescence was observed
by Senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining. The senescence-associated
secretory phenotype (SASP): concentrations of interleukin IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-
α were detected by ELISA.

Results:
The GSE57148 bioinformatics analysis dataset showed that PAR2 regulates
lung senescence through the mTOR signaling pathway. Molecular dynamics results
found that PCG and PAR2 had a strong and stable binding force. CSE induces
BEAS-2B cell senescence and activates the PAR2/mTOR pathway. Inhibition of PAR2
mitigated the senescence changes. In addition, PCG's pretreatment can significantly alleviate
CSE-induced BEAS-2B cell senescence while inhibiting the PAR2/mTOR pathway.

Conclusion:
PCG has a therapeutic effect on the senescence of airway epithelial cells.
Study on the Antidepressant Effect of Zhizichi Decoction by Regulating Metabolism and Intestinal Flora
Authors: Dong WanRu , Hu ShuFa , Yu JiaMin , Liu Ying , Zeng ShuTing , Duan Xiaodong , Deng YongAn , Wang Yi , Yin Jian , Xing Beiyu , Shu Zunpeng 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The incidence of depression is increasing year by year, and Zhizichi
Decoction（ZZCD）has shown significant efficiency in the clinical treatment of mild depression,
but its mechanism of action is still unclear. In this research, network pharmacology and
metagenomics combined and metabolomics were used as research methods to explain the scientific
connotation of the antidepressant effect of ZZCD from the aspects of the overall effect of
organisms and microbial structure and function.

Methods:
The rat model of depression was established by chronic unpredictable mild stress
(CUMS), and the improvement of depressive symptoms was evaluated by behavioral and histopathological
methods. Network pharmacology predicted possible targets and important pathways
of ZZCD. Metabolomics revealed its possible related biological pathways. Metagenomics
showed the disturbance of ZZCD on intestinal microbial diversity structure and associated biological
functions in depressed rats.

Results:
ZZCD can improve the behavioral performance of CUMS rats, and can significantly
regulate the content of 5-HT, NE and other neurotransmitters in serum and brain tissue, and improve
the damaged state of neurons in the hippocampus. Network pharmacology predicts that it
mainly acts on biological processes such as inflammatory response and oxidative stress response.
Metabolomics found that it affected metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism and lipid
metabolism. The results of metagenomics showed that it significantly regulated the abundance
of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. The above results predicted that it may affect signaling
pathways such as the nervous system, inflammatory diseases and cell processing.

Conclusion:
ZZCD may play an antidepressant role by regulating intestinal probiotics, energy
metabolism, and inflammation reduction. This provides a scientific basis for the clinical application
of ZZCD in traditional Chinese medicine and also makes it an optional alternative for the
treatment of depression.
Correlation Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution and Metabolic Indexes in General Physical Examination People
Authors: Qu Xue , Xiong Hua-zhong , Qu Dong-qi , Liu Hang , Xu Xiao-xuan , Sun Rui , Liu Yang-yang 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) constitution type general
medical patients and the relationship between the metabolic index.

Methods:
A cohort of 1,029 general individuals who underwent a physical examination at the
Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine for identification of their
TCM constitution between January 2021 and April 2023 were included in this study. Their data
were sorted and analyzed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS26.0 statistical software.

Results:
Among the 1029 study participants, the balanced constitution (BC) type was the most
prevalent (33.24%), and the blood stasis constitution (BSC) type was the least prevalent
(2.62%). Compared with BC, phlegm-dampness constitution (PDC) (P=0.000), yang-deficiency
constitution (YADC) (P=0.000) and BSC (P=0.008) had significant differences in body mass
index (BMI) (P<α). The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of PDC was different (P=0.042, P<α).
There was a significant difference in diastolic blood pressure (P=0.001, P<α). The diastolic
blood pressure (DBP) of YADC was significantly different (P=0.001, P<α). Yin-deficiency
constitution (YIDC) (P = 0.007) and YADC differences between fasting blood glucose (FBG)
(P = 0.025) were significantly (P<α). There were significant differences in uric acid (UA) of
YADC (P=0.000), BSC (P=0.004), PDC (P=0.007) and qi-stagnation constitution (QSC)
(P=0.012, P<α). The triglyceride (TG) of YADC (P=0.000) and PDC (P=0.005) were significantly
different (P<α). There was a difference in total cholesterol (TC) between PDC (P=0.046)
and BC (P<α). BSC (P = 0.028) and PDC (P = 0.023) of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
(LDL-C) also had a significant difference (P<α).

Conclusion:
People with PDC, YADC and BSC had more abnormal metabolic indexes than
people with BC, and the metabolic indexes of people with YIDC constitution were different
from those with BC. Individuals with these four TCM constitution types should pay attention to
making appropriate changes in lifestyles and dietary habits and take required measures to prevent
the incidence and development of metabolic diseases.
Exploration of the Relationship between Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Based on Bioinformatics
Authors: Wu Yuanyuan , Qin Linyu , He Guozhen , Luo Zhijuan , Luo Songping 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
(PCOS) are both common diseases involving women of childbearing age, and their pathogenesis
is still not sufficiently known.

Objective:
This study aimed to explore the relationship between RPL and PCOS in bioinformatics.

Methods:
Two expression chips, GSE86241 (obtained from 8 PCOS patients and 9 healthy controls)
and GSE73025 (obtained from 5 RPL patients and 5 healthy controls), were downloaded
from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We used the GEO database to analyze the
gene expression profiles of PCOS and RPL to identify the intersection of abnormal miRNA expression,
predicted the target genes of the intersecting miRNAs from miRDB, miRTarBase, and
TargetScan databases, and then incorporated the miRNA-mRNA modulation network. By using
the string database, the PPI network was built, which could screen the Hub genes and enrich
them for analysis. Ultimately, the critical miRNA-mRNA regulatory network was set on the
basis of the relationship between hub genes and miRNA.

Results:
A total of 39 significantly altered miRNAs of PCOS and 137 significantly altered
miRNAs of RPL were obtained, three miRNAs (miR-767-5p, miR-3196, and miR-187-3p), five
signaling pathways (PI3K-Akt, p53, Toll-like receptor, C-type lectin receptor, and TNF signaling
pathways), and six Hub genes (CASP8, PIK3R1, ADAMTS2, ADAMTS3, COL3A1, and
MDM2) were found to be related to the development and progression of two diseases. More
importantly, all Hub genes were regulated by miR-767-5p.

Conclusion:
This research clarifies the possible relationship between miRNA and mRNA with
PCOS and RPL for the first time. It provides a basis for illustrating the pathogenic mechanism
and a target of therapies for these two diseases.
Recent Progress in Nanoemulsion Technology for the Management of Hepatic Diseases
Authors: Sarthi Soniya , Bhardwaj Harish , Jangde Rajendra Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Liver diseases pose a significant global health concern, particularly prevalent in developing
nations, often induced by chemical exposure and high drug doses. Hepatic toxicity not only
affects liver function but also extends to adjacent tissues, leading to diminished overall body function
and necessitating effective treatment strategies. Despite modern medical advancements, stimulating
liver function, protecting against damage, and promoting cell regeneration remain challenging
tasks. Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS), notably nanoemulsions, present promising avenues
for addressing hepatic disorders. Nanoemulsions, characterized by biphasic dispersions of
immiscible liquids stabilized by surfactants, possess unique drug-loading capabilities and viscoelastic
properties that render them ideal candidates for liver-related conditions. However, their development,
manufacturing, and manipulation for hepatic disorders are constrained by the partial
applicability of conventional emulsion principles. This comprehensive review delves into various
aspects of liver function, disease types, nanoemulsions, associated limitations and challenges, ongoing
clinical trials, patents, and their inherent advantages. By shedding light on recent advancements
in Nanoemulsion for hepatoprotective activity management, the review aims to illuminate
the potential of tailored drug delivery systems in revolutionizing hepatic disease management. Exploring
Nanoemulsion for hepatoprotective activity management signifies a crucial step toward offering
targeted and efficient treatment modalities for liver diseases. Harnessing the unique capabilities
of nanoemulsions could lead to significant improvements in patient outcomes and quality of
life, thereby addressing the pressing global health concern posed by hepatic disorders.
Development and Characterization of Nanoparticulate Hydrogel Loaded with Extract of Fernandoa Adenophylla
Authors: Yadav Roshan , Chawra Himmat Singh , Dubey Gaurav , Alam Md. Sabir , Kumar Vikram , Yadav Tejpal 
Published: October 2024

Background:
This study aims to construct a hydrogel that contains PEG 4000 nanopar-ticles loaded with an extract from Fernandoa adenophylla (FA). Since Fernandoa Adenophylla fruit extract has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antifungal properties, an effort was made to increase the extract's effectiveness by forming it into nanoparticulate hydrogel, which may be a viable substitute for traditional formulations of Fernandoa Adenophylla extract by providing the added advantages of transdermal application's superior penetration qualities and prolonged release.

Objective:
The objective of this formulation is to develop a formulation for transdermal delivery to get maximum penetration and prolong the release of phytoconstituents present in the extract of Fernandoa adenophylla and to use the maximum potential of FA phytoconstituents in the form of various pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and skin dis-eases, etc.

Methodology:
In this work, the fruit of Fernandoa Adenophylla was macerated in hot water with methanol to extract the active components. By employing the nanoprecipitation technique with PEG 4000 as the polymer, Tween 80 as the surfactant, and dimethyl sulfoxide as the organic phase solvent, the crude extracts were transformed into polymeric nanoparticles. The gel matrix, containing Carbopol 940 as the base, was combined with the polymeric nanoparticles.

Result:
The polymeric nanoparticles exhibited a somewhat spherical shape, with a z-average of 323.7 to 882.6 nm, PDI between 0.301 to 0.692, and zeta potential between -13.1 and -18.0 mV, with a maximum drug entrapment percentage of 90.36%. High viscosity, neutral pH, and good spreadability were demonstrated by nanoparticulate hydrogel compositions, making them appro-priate for transdermal application. A sustained drug release of 93.30% from the improved formu-lation was seen in vitro for up to 24 hours.

Conclusion:
Nanoparticlulate hydrogel can be employed as a carrier to deliver Fernandoa Ad-enophylla extract transdermally.
SN-YOLOv5s: Ship Target Detection Algorithm Based on Improved YOLOv5s Algorithm
Authors: Liu Pengjie , Chi Mingshan , Zhang Qiang , Mi Yongfa , Ning Xinyi 
Published: October 2024

Background:
With the development of intelligent ship technology, computer vision
technology has been widely utilized in the field of maritime monitoring. This is of great significance
in ensuring the safety of navigation and improving the efficiency of shipping. However,
complex and changing sea conditions and arbitrary traveling ships pose more accurate and
faster requirements for the target detection algorithm used in the intelligent ship systems.

Objective:
The primary objective of this paper is to propose an optimized version of the ship
lightweight target detection algorithm based on YOLOv5s architecture. This enhancement involves
the innovative fusion of the Shufflenetv2 network and the NAM attention mechanism,
collectively termed as SN-YOLOv5s. This integration seeks to elevate the algorithm’s performance
in detecting ship targets, offering improved accuracy and efficiency.

Methods:
Firstly, the Shufflenetv2 network and NAM attention mechanism are used to replace
the backbone network, significantly reducing the number of network parameters and improves
the model detection accuracy. Secondly, in the process of converting the feature map to a
fixed-size feature vector, SimSPPF is used to replace the fast pyramid pooling SPPF module,
ensuring the efficiency and minimizing information loss. Lastly, EIOU is utilized to replace the
bounding box regression loss function CIOU to make the model converge faster and with higher
accuracy.

Results:
Test results on the SeaShips dataset show that compared to the original YOLOv5s
network, the average accuracy of target detection using the SN-YOLOv5s network is improved
by 4.7%, the amount of computation is reduced by 40%, the amount of parameters is reduced
by 20.6%, and the volume of model weights is decreased by 15.4%.

Conclusion:
The experimental results fully demonstrate that the algorithm can significantly
reduce the running cost of the model and improve the detection accuracy of the model, thus effectively
guaranteeing the efficiency and quality of ship target detection.
Cyclooxygenases: From Prostaglandin Synthesis to Innovative Therapies for Inflammation
Authors: Sharma Sumeet , Sharma Prerna , Rani Nidhi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Cyclooxygenases are enzymes involved in prostaglandin synthesis, a part of the inflammatory
process. The most frequently applied anti-inflammatory drugs are NSAIDs; however, these
medications exhibit very serious side effects, and often, reduce production or are withdrawn
from the market. Recently, researchers were focused on finding new, safe, selective COX-2 inhibitors
with safety features. This paper reviews cyclooxygenase enzyme malfunction-related diseases,
current therapies and new drug discovery opportunities. Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthases
are enzymes involved in the synthesis of prostanoid peptides through the oxidation of nitric oxide
and pyruvate phosphate. They are participating factors for various physiological and pathological
processes, which include disorders of the oral tissues such as periodontitis, pulpitis, and oral cancer.
This paper is a review of some pharmaceutical products in terms of history, efficiency, and
possible side effects as inhibitors of the Cyclooxygenase enzyme. The analysis concludes that
more recent Cox inhibitors, such as dietary modifications and natural supplements, hold promise
for safer and more efficient treatment of diseases involving Cox enzyme function.