bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How We Fall Apart: Similarities of Human Aging in 10 European Countries
Authors: Abeliansky Ana Lucia , Strulik Holger 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We analyze human aging—understood as health deficit accumulation—for a panel of European individuals, using four waves of the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE data set) and constructing a health deficit index. Results from log-linear regressions suggest that, on average, elderly European men and women develop approximately 2.5 % more health deficits from one birthday to the next. In nonlinear regressions (akin to the Gompertz-Makeham model), however, we find much greater rates of aging and large differences between men and women as well as between countries. Interestingly, these differences follow a particular regularity (akin to the compensation effect of mortality) and suggest an age at which average health deficits converge for men and women and across countries. This age, which may be associated with human life span, is estimated as 102 ± 2.6 years.
Health Insurance and the Aging: Evidence From the Seguro Popular Program in Mexico
Authors: Parker Susan W. , Saenz Joseph , Wong Rebeca 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Aimed at covering the large fraction of workers in the informal sector without access to a social security program, the Mexican public health insurance program Seguro Popular began in 2002 and now reaches more than 50 million individuals. We estimate impacts of Seguro Popular for the population aged 50 and older on a set of indicators related to health care including utilization, diagnostic/preventive tests, and treatment conditional on being ill. Using the longitudinal Mexican Health and Aging Study over the period 2001–2012, we conduct before and after difference-in-difference matching impact estimators. Our results suggest large and important effects of the Program on utilization and diagnostic tests. We find overall smaller effects on the probability of being in treatment for individuals with chronic diseases, but these effects are concentrated in rural areas with relatively more health services versus rural areas with lower levels of health services. These results suggest that, to the extent that health services become more available in rural areas lacking services, effects of health insurance may increase.
Dietary fat intake associated with bone mineral density among visfatin genotype in obese people
Authors: Khorrami-Nezhad Leila , Mirzaei Khadijeh , Maghbooli Zhila , Keshavarz Seyed Ali 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOsteoporosis and adipose tissue are closely related with many contradictions. Visfatin is an adipokine that is related to osteoporosis and adiposity. This nutrigenomics study examined the interaction between visfatin genotypes and dietary fat intake, with regard to bone mineral density (BMD) among an obese population. In this cross-sectional study, 336 subjects were enrolled; the mean age was 38·25 (sd 11·69) years and the mean BMI was 31·79 (sd 4·77) kg/m2. Laboratory measurements were lipid profile, insulin and fasting blood sugar. Bone density measurements were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dietary data were collected through a 3-d 24-h dietary recall. Genotyping for visfatin gene SNP (rs2110385) was performed by the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The frequency of GG, GT and TT genotypes were 33·92 48·51 and 17·54 %, respectively, and 86·6 % of participants were women. The results showed that subjects with TT genotypes had significantly higher lumbar BMD, T score and z score (P<0·0001). After categorisation by percentage of fat intake (30 % of total energy content as a cut-off point), no interaction was found, but when categorised by fat types, we found an interaction between visfatin genotypes and dietary PUFA intake in terms of the hip T score and z score (P=0·043, B= −0·08; P=0·04, B= −0·078, respectively). There was a significant relationship between high PUFA intake and lower energy and protein intake. When participants were categorised by median PUFA intake (22·8 g), it was concluded that subjects with GG genotype who had high PUFA-intake diets had lower hip z scores and T scores, unlike the other genotypes.
Beneficial effects of consumption of acerola, cashew or guava processing by-products on intestinal health and lipid metabolism in dyslipidaemic female Wistar rats
Authors: Batista Kamila Sabino , Alves Adriano Francisco , Lima Marcos dos Santos , da Silva Laiane Alves , Lins Priscilla Paulo , de Sousa Gomes Jéssyca Alencar , Silva Alexandre Sérgio , Toscano Lydiane Tavares , de Albuquerque Meireles Bruno Raniere Lins , de Magalhães Cordeiro Angela Maria Tribuzy , da Conceição Maria Lúcia , de Souza Evandro Leite , Aquino Jailane de Souza 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study assessed the effects of diet supplementation with industrial processing by-products of acerola (Malpighia emarginataD.C.), cashew (Anacardium occidentaleL.) and guava (Psidium guajavaL.) fruit on the intestinal health and lipid metabolism of female Wistar rats with diet-induced dyslipidaemia. Female rats were randomly divided into five groups: healthy control, dyslipidaemic control and dyslipidaemic experimental receiving acerola, cashew or guava processing by-products. Fruit processing by-products were administered (400 mg/kg body weight) via orogastric administration for 28 consecutive days. Acerola, cashew and guava by-products caused body weight reduction (3·42, 3·08 and 5·20 %, respectively) in dyslipidaemic female rats. Dyslipidaemic female rats receiving fruit by-products, especially from acerola, presented decreased faecal pH, visceral fat, liver fat and serum lipid levels, as well as increased faecal moisture, faecal fat excretion, faecalBifidobacteriumspp. andLactobacillusspp. counts and amounts of organic acids in faeces. Administration of the tested fruit processing by-products protected colon and liver from tissue damage (e.g. destruction of liver and colon cells and increased fat deposition in hepatocytes) induced by dyslipidaemic diet. Dietary fibres and phenolic compounds in tested fruit by-products may be associated with these positive effects. The industrial fruit processing by-products studied, mainly from acerola, exert functional properties that could enable their use to protect the harmful effects on intestinal health and lipid metabolism caused by dyslipidaemic diet.
Usual nutrient intake adequacy among young, rural Zambian children
Authors: Caswell Bess L. , Talegawkar Sameera A. , Siamusantu Ward , West Keith P. , Palmer Amanda C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInadequate nutrient intakes put children at risk for impaired growth and development. We described diet, usual intakes of energy and macro- and micronutrients and prevalence of nutrient intake adequacies among 4–8-year-old Zambian children. Children not yet in school and living in Mkushi District, Central Province, Zambia were enrolled into an efficacy trial of pro-vitamin A biofortified maize. Children in the non-intervened arm were included in this analysis (n 202). Dietary intake data were collected by tablet-based 24-h recall on a monthly basis over the 6-month trial. Observed nutrient intakes were derived from reported food quantities, standard recipes and food composition tables. Usual nutrient intake distributions were modelled based on observed intakes. Prevalence of inadequacy was estimated by comparing the usual nutrient intake distribution to the nutrient requirement distribution. Frequency and quantity of consumption of commonly reported foods were described and key sources of energy and nutrients were identified. Median usual energy intake was 6422 kJ/d (1535 kcal/d). Most childrens’ macronutrient intakes fell within recommended ranges (74–98 %). Estimated prevalences of inadequate intakes of Fe, folate, vitamin B12 and Ca were 25, 57, 76 and >99 %, respectively. Estimated prevalences of inadequacy for other micronutrients were low (0·1–2·2 %). Commonly consumed foods included maize, vegetable oil, tomatoes, rape leaves and small fish (>0·6 servings/d), whereas meat, eggs or dairy were rarely eaten (<0·2 servings/d). These findings suggest that the heavily plant-based diet of rural Zambian children provides inadequate Ca, folate, vitamin B12 and Fe to meet recommended nutrient intakes.
Does non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging have a role in assisting the clinical diagnosis of cholesteatoma in selected cases?
Authors: Nash R , Lingam R K , Chandrasekharan D , Singh A 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjective:To determine the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of patients with suspected, but not clinically evident, cholesteatoma.Methods:A retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database of non-echo-planar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging studies (using a half-Fourier single-shot turbo-spin echo sequence) was conducted. Clinical records were retrospectively reviewed to determine indications for imaging and operative findings. Seventy-eight investigations in 74 patients with suspected cholesteatoma aged 5.7–79.2 years (mean, 41.7 years) were identified. Operative confirmation was available in 44 ears. Diagnostic accuracy of the imaging technique was calculated using operative findings as a ‘gold standard’. Sensitivity of the investigation was examined via comparison with clinically evident cholesteatoma.Results:The accuracy of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in assessment of suspected cholesteatoma was 63.6 per cent. The imaging technique was significantly less accurate in assessment of suspected cholesteatoma than clinically evident disease (p< 0.001).Conclusion:Computed tomography and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging may be complementary in assessment of suspected cholesteatoma, but should be used with caution, and clinical judgement is paramount.
Episodic memory and the witness trump card
Authors: Henry Jeremy , Craver Carl 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe accept Mahr & Csibra's (M&C's) causal claim that episodic memory provides humans with the means for evaluating the veracity of reports about non-occurrent events. We reject their evolutionary argument that this is the proper function of episodic memory. We explore three intriguing implications of the causal claim, for cognitive neuropsychology, comparative psychology, and philosophy.
Encoding third-person epistemic states contributes to episodic reconstruction of memories
Authors: Kampis Dora , Keszei András , Király Ildikó 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe propose an extension to Mahr & Csibra's (M&C's) theory. For successful episodic memory formation, potentially relevant aspects of a situation need to be identified and encodedonlineand retained for prospective interactions.To be maximally convincing, the communicator not only has to encode not justanycontextual detail, but also has to track informationin relation tosocial partners.
False memories, nonbelieved memories, and the unresolved primacy of communication
Authors: Nash Robert A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMahr & Csibra (M&C) make a compelling case for a communicative function of episodic remembering, but a less compelling case that this is its primary function. Questions arise on whether confirming their predictions would support their account sufficiently, on the communicative function of preserving rich, nonbelieved memories, and on the epistemic benefits of developing false memories via the acceptance of misinformation.
Enhanced action control as a prior function of episodic memory
Authors: Rau Philipp , Botterill George 
Published: January 2018

AbstractImproved control of agency is likely to be a prior and more important function of episodic memory than the epistemic-communicative role pinpointed by Mahr & Csibra (M&C). Taking the memory trace upon which scenario construction is based to be a stored internal model produced in past perceptual processing promises to provide a better account of autonoetic character than metarepresentational embedding.
Constructive episodic simulation, flexible recombination, and memory errors
Authors: Schacter Daniel L. , Carpenter Alexis C. , Devitt Aleea , Roberts Reece P. , Addis Donna Rose 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAccording to Mahr & Csibra (M&C), the view that the constructive nature of episodic memory is related to its role in simulating future events has difficulty explaining why memory is often accurate. We hold this view, but disagree with their conclusion. Here we consider ideas and evidence regarding flexible recombination processes in episodic retrieval that accommodate both accuracy and distortion.
Doing without metarepresentation: Scenario construction explains the epistemic generativity and privileged status of episodic memory
Authors: Werning Markus , Cheng Sen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEpisodic memories are distinct from semantic memories in that they are epistemically generative and privileged. Whereas Mahr & Csibra (M&C) develop a metarepresentational account of epistemic vigilance, we propose an explanation that builds on our notion of scenario construction: The way an event of the past is presented in episodic memory recall explains the epistemic generativity and privilegedness of episodic memory.
Emulation of pilot control behavior across a Stewart platform simulator
Authors: Eftekhari Mojtaba , Karimpour Hossein 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYThis paper presents a model-based controller consisting of a feedback linearization scheme and a state-dependent proportional derivative (PD) controller adapted to a parallel flight simulator Stewart mechanism. This parallel robot is considered to emulate motions of highly maneuverable aircrafts, which require well-trained pilots. The simulations are based upon a reduced-model prototype built in order to verify kinematic design aspects and control laws. Indeterminacies in the mass distribution of the system will generally affect model-based controllers, necessitating compensation or the employment of robust control methods. Through introducing the pilot's sensorial feedback of acceleration, the pilot's behavior in giving commands is emulated via an optimization process, which tunes the controller coefficients accordingly. Stability of the designed control system is guaranteed via the Lyapunov approach. To further explore the system through perilous flight scenarios, three pre-designed maneuvers are selected as test cases. It is expected that closed-loop control tasks in which a pilot tracks a target, while at the same time the controller rejects disturbances and adapts itself to the pilot's progressive skills, are ameliorated through this arrangement. Numerical results show that the proposed method is found robust in the training process in conditions of parameters indeterminacy.
Therapeutic potential of targeting S100A11 in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Sato Hiroki , Sakaguchi Masakiyo , Yamamoto Hiromasa , Tomida Shuta , Aoe Keisuke , Shien Kazuhiko , Yoshioka Takahiro , Namba Kei , Torigoe Hidejiro , Soh Junichi , Tsukuda Kazunori , Tao Hiroyuki , Okabe Kazunori , Miyoshi Shinichiro , Pass Harvey I. , Toyooka Shinichi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor with an unfavorable prognosis. The standard therapeutic approaches are limited to surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Because the consequent clinical outcome is often unsatisfactory, a different approach in MPM treatment is required. S100A11, a Ca2+-binding small protein with two EF-hands, is frequently upregulated in various human cancers. Interestingly, it has been found that intracellular and extracellular S100A11 have different functions in cell viability. In this study, we focused on the impact of extracellular S100A11 in MPM and explored the therapeutic potential of an S100A11-targeting strategy. We examined the secretion level of S100A11 in various kinds of cell lines by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Among them, six out of seven MPM cell lines actively secreted S100A11, whereas normal mesothelial cell lines did not secrete it. To investigate the role of secreted S100A11 in MPM, we inhibited its function by neutralizing S100A11 with an anti-S100A11 antibody. Interestingly, the antibody significantly inhibited the proliferation of S100A11-secreting MPM cells in vitro and in vivo. Microarray analysis revealed that several pathways including genes involved in cell proliferation were negatively enriched in the antibody-treated cell lines. In addition, we examined the secretion level of S100A11 in various types of pleural effusions. We found that the secretion of S100A11 was significantly higher in MPM pleural effusions, compared to others, suggesting the possibility for the use of S100A11 as a biomarker. In conclusion, our results indicate that extracellular S100A11 plays important roles in MPM and may be a therapeutic target in S100A11-secreting MPM.
LRIG2 is a growth suppressor of Hec-1A and Ishikawa endometrial adenocarcinoma cells by regulating PI3K/AKT- and EGFR-mediated apoptosis and cell-cycle
Authors: Suh Dae-Shik , Park Si Eun , Jin Hanyong , Lee Kangseok , Bae Jeehyeon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAlthough endometrial cancer is the most common type of gynecological malignancy in developed countries, its molecular etiology is not well understood. Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain 2 (LRIG2) is an evolutionarily conserved gene, but its functions in the endometrium are unknown. In this study, we found that LRIG2 is highly downregulated in endometrial adenocarcinoma patients and that it functions as a tumor suppressor. LRIG2 induced the mitochondrion-mediated apoptotic pathways by regulating stoichiometric balance among BCL-2 family proteins, whereby pro-survival members, MCL-1 and BCL-xL, were downregulated and pro-apoptotic BAK and BAX were upregulated. LRIG2 also inhibited proliferation of the Hec-1A and Ishikawa endometrial adenocarcinoma cells by upregulating p21. LRIG2 induced BAX- and BAK-dependent cell death that was efficiently prevented by MCL-1 overexpression. Furthermore, we found that LRIG2 unexpectedly phosphor-activates phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which are conventionally accepted as survival signaling cues in diverse types of cancer. We observed that PI3K/AKT and EGFR serve as key kinases that have roles as growth suppressors of Hec-1A endometrial cancer cells by mediating the LRIG2-induced modulation of the BCL-2 family of proteins and p21. In vivo delivery of antisense DNAs against LRIG2 promoted the Hec-1A endometrial tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model, and immunoblotting of these tumor extracts showed consistent modulation of AKT, EGFR, the BCL-2 family members, and p21. Thus, our results demonstrated that LRIG2 is a growth suppressor of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells.
Anthelmintic niclosamide suppresses transcription of BCR-ABL fusion oncogene via disabling Sp1 and induces apoptosis in imatinib-resistant CML cells harboring T315I mutant
Authors: Jin Bei , Wang Chengyan , Shen Yingying , Pan Jingxuan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTyrosine kinase BCR-ABL fusion protein is the driver in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The gate-keeper mutation T315I is the most challenging mutant due to its resistance to most tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The third generation TKI ponatinib is the only effective TKI to treat CML patients harboring T315I-BCR-ABL mutation, but with high rate of major arterial thrombotic events. Alternative strategies to specifically target T315I-BCR-ABL are needed for the treatment of CML patients harboring such a mutation. Given that Sp1 is a fundamental transcriptional factor to positively regulate WT-BCR-ABL fusion oncogene, the purpose of this investigation was aimed at evaluating the anti-tumor activity and the underlying mechanism in terms of Sp1 regulational effect on the transcription of T315I-BCR-ABL fusion oncogene. Like in WT-BCR-ABL, we identified enrichment of Sp1 on the promoter of T315I-BCR-ABL fusion gene. Treatment of WT- and T315I-BCR-ABL-expressing CML cells by niclosamide diminished such an enrichment of Sp1, and decreased WT- and T315I-BCR-ABL transcription and its downstream signaling molecules such as STAT5 and Akt. Further, niclosamide significantly inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis through intrinsic pathway. The in vivo efficacy validation of p-niclosamide, a water soluble derivative of niclosamide, showed that p-niclosamide significantly inhibited the tumor burden of nude mice subcutaneously bearing T315I-BCR-ABL-expressing CML cells, and prolonged the survival of allografted leukemic mice harboring BaF3-T315I-BCR-ABL. We conclude that niclosamide is active against T315I-BCR-ABL-expressing cells, and may be a promising agent for CML patients regardless of T315I mutation status.
TACC3 transcriptionally upregulates E2F1 to promote cell growth and confer sensitivity to cisplatin in bladder cancer
Authors: Lin Zhi-Rui , Wang Meng-Yao , He Shi-Yang , Cai Zhi-Ming , Huang Wei-Ren 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAccumulating evidence has shown that transforming acidic coiled-coil 3 (TACC3) is deregulated in a broad spectrum of cancers. In the present study, we reported that TACC3 was markedly elevated in bladder cancer, especially in muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs). The upregulation of TACC3 was positively associated with tumor invasiveness, grade, T stage, and progression in patients with bladder cancer. Furthermore, a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that patients with bladder cancer whose tumors had high TACC3 expression experienced a dismal prognosis compared with patients whose tumors had low TACC3 expression. Functional studies have found that TACC3 is a prerequisite for the development of malignant characteristics of bladder cancer cells, including cell proliferation and invasion. Moreover, TACC3 promoted G1/S transition, which was mediated via activation of the transcription of E2F1, eventually enhancing cell proliferation. Notably, the overexpression of TACC3 or E2F1 indicates a high sensitivity to cisplatin. Taken together, these findings define a tumor-supportive role for TACC3, which may also serve as a prognostic and therapeutic indicator in bladder cancers
Molecular snapshots of APE1 proofreading mismatches and removing DNA damage
Authors: Whitaker Amy M. , Flynn Tony S. , Freudenthal Bret D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHuman apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease 1 (APE1) is an essential DNA repair enzyme which uses a single active site to process DNA damage via two distinct activities: (1) AP-endonuclease and (2) 3′ to 5′ exonuclease. The AP-endonuclease activity cleaves at AP-sites, while the exonuclease activity excises bulkier 3′ mismatches and DNA damage to generate clean DNA ends suitable for downstream repair. Molecular details of the exonuclease reaction and how one active site can accommodate various toxic DNA repair intermediates remains elusive despite being biologically important. Here, we report multiple high-resolution APE1–DNA structural snapshots revealing how APE1 removes 3′ mismatches and DNA damage by placing the 3′ group within the intra-helical DNA cavity via a non-base flipping mechanism. This process is facilitated by a DNA nick, instability of a mismatched/damaged base, and bending of the DNA. These results illustrate how APE1 cleanses DNA dirty-ends to generate suitable substrates for downstream repair enzymes.