bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visible Light Photoredox Activation of Sulfonyl Chlorides: Applications in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Chaudhary Renu , Natarajan Palani 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSince the seminal studies from the groups of MacMillan, Stephenson and Yoon, visible light (400‐700 nm) photoredox catalysis has been established as a powerful strategy to facilitate activation of organic molecules and invention of novel synthetic methodologies. Indeed, recent days, this protocol enables the syntheses of diversely functionalized organic molecules such as coerulescines, pseudotabersonines, drugs, agro chemicals, etc. Generally, activation of the redox‐active functional groups of the radical precursors including diazonium salts, iodoniumsalts, sulfoniumsalts, phosphate esters, amines and sulfonyl chlorides is achieved via single‐electron transfer from a photocatalyst excited by visible light irradiation sources. To date, some important reviews are available that summarize the visible light photoredox catalyses of various classes of organic compounds. To the best of our knowledge, however, there is still no review article exclusively discourses about the visible light induced productions and applications of radical species of sulfonyl chlorides (AASO2Cl, AA=alkyl/aryl). Therefore, in this review, we provide an overview on the visible light assisted procedures employed for the production of radical intermediates from sulfonyl chlorides. In addition, here we account the applications of these radical species in the syntheses of bi(hetero)aryls, difluoromethyl lactones, difluoromethyl pyrrolidines, polycyclic aromatic compounds, sulfones, trifluoromethyl (hetero)aryls, α‐trifluoromethyl ketones and so on.
Age and mineralogical and geochemical parameters of rocks of the China alkaline massif (western Transbaikalia)
Authors: Izbrodin I.A. , Doroshkevich A.G. , Rampilov M.O. , Ripp G.S. , Lastochkin E.I. , Khubanov V.B. , Posokhov V.F. , Vladykin N.V. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Geochemical and U–Pb geochronological studies have shown that the alkali syenites of the China massif have an age of 311.4 ± 1.8 Ma and potassic specialization in contrast to most massifs of the Vitim alkaline-magmatism zone. The rocks are similar in geochemistry to the nepheline syenites of the Synnyr massif, dated at 289.5 ± 3.5 Ma. The alkali syenites of the China massif formed, most likely, from crustal protoliths.
Disaster Coverage Predication for the Emerging Tethered Balloon Technology: Capability for Preparedness, Detection, Mitigation, and Response
Authors: Alsamhi Saeed H. , Samar Ansari Mohd , Rajput Navin S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveA disaster is a consequence of natural hazards and terrorist acts, which have significant potential to disrupt the entire wireless communication infrastructure. Therefore, the essential rescue squads and recovery operations during a catastrophic event will be severely debilitated. To provide efficient communication services, and to reduce casualty mortality and morbidity during the catastrophic events, we proposed the Tethered Balloon technology for disaster preparedness, detection, mitigation, and recovery assessment.MethodsThe proposed Tethered Balloon is applicable to any type of disaster except for storms. The Tethered Balloon is being actively researched and developed as a simple solution to improve the performance of rescues, facilities, and services of emergency medical communication in the disaster area. The most important requirement for rescue and relief teams during or after the disaster is a high quality of service of delivery communication services to save people’s lives.ResultsUsing our proposed technology, we report that the Tethered Balloon has a large disaster coverage area. Therefore, the rescue and research teams are given higher priority, and their performance significantly improved in the particular coverage area.ConclusionsTethered Balloon features made it suitable for disaster preparedness, mitigation, and recovery. The performance of rescue and relief teams was effective and efficient before and after the disaster as well as can be continued to coordinate the relief teams until disaster recovery. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:222–231)
Emerging trends: Inflation
Authors: CHURCH KENNETH 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOur field has enjoyed amazing growth over the years. Is this a good thing or a bad thing, or just a thing? Good: Growth sounds good. It is hard to imagine a politician arguing against jobs. There are more people working in the field than ever before, and they are publishing more and more, and creating more and more value. What could be wrong with that? Bad: Whatever you measure you get. We are all under too much pressure to publish too much too quickly. Students are graduating these days with more publications than what used to be expected for tenure. So many people are publishing so much that no one has time to think great thoughts, or take time to learn about things that may not be directly relevant to the next publication. Neutral: Inflation is a fact of life. There are long-term macro trends on publication rates that are beyond our control. These trends hold over tens and hundreds of years, and will continue over the foreseeable future.
Trends in dietary fat and fatty acid intakes and related food sources among Chinese adults: a longitudinal study from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997–2011)
Authors: Shen Xin , Fang Aiping , He Jingjing , Liu Ziqi , Guo Meihan , Gao Rong , Li Keji 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveFew studies have evaluated the intake trends of fatty acids in China. The present study aimed to describe the profile of longitudinal dietary fat and fatty acid intakes and their related food sources in Chinese adults.DesignA longitudinal study using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (1997–2011) was conducted. Dietary intake was estimated using 24 h recalls combined with a food inventory for three consecutive days. Linear mixed models were used to calculate the adjusted mean intake values.SettingUrban and rural communities in nine provinces (autonomous regions), China.SubjectsAdults (n 19 475; 9420 men and 10 055 women).ResultsFat intake among men in 1997 was 73·4 g/d (28·1 % of total energy (%TE)), while in 2011 it increased to 86·3 g/d (33·2 %TE). Similarly, for women, this intake increased from 62·7 g/d (28·4 %TE) in 1997 to 74·1 g/d (33·7 %TE) in 2011. Energy intake from SFA grew from 6·8 to 7·6 %TE for both sexes. PUFA intake increased from 18·4 to 22·5 g/d for men and from 15·7 to 19·7 g/d for women, and was above 6 %TE in all survey periods. Intakes of 18:2 and 18:3 fatty acids showed significant upward trends in both sexes. Participants consumed less animal fats and more vegetable oils, with more PUFA intake and less energy from SFA. EPA and DHA intakes fluctuated around 20 mg/d.ConclusionsFatty acid intakes and profile in Chinese adults are different from those reported in other countries.
Meaning of life, representation of death, and their association with psychological distress
Authors: Testoni Ines , Sansonetto Giulia , Ronconi Lucia , Rodelli Maddalena , Baracco Gloria , Grassi Luigi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjective:This paper presents a two-phase cross-sectional study aimed at examining the possible mitigating role of perceived meaning of life and representation of death on psychological distress, anxiety, and depression.Method:The first phase involved 219 healthy participants, while the second encompassed 30 cancer patients. Each participant completed the Personal Meaning Profile (PMP), the Testoni Death Representation Scale (TDRS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Distress Thermometer (DT). The primary analyses comprised (1) correlation analyses between the overall scores of each of the instruments and (2) path analysis to assess the indirect effect of the PMP on DT score through anxiety and depression as determined by the HADS.Results:The path analysis showed that the PMP was inversely correlated with depression and anxiety, which, in turn, mediated the effect on distress. Inverse correlations were found between several dimensions of the PMP, the DT, and the HADS–Anxiety and HADS–Depression subscales, in both healthy participants and cancer patients. Religious orientation (faith in God) was related to a stronger sense of meaning in life and the ontological representation of death as a passage, rather than annihilation.Significance of Results:Our findings support the hypothesis that participants who represent death as a passage and have a strong perception of the meaning of life tend to report lower levels of distress, anxiety, and depression. We recommend that perceived meaning of life and representation of death be more specifically examined in the cancer and palliative care settings.
Βeta 2-glycoprotein I protects mice against gram-negative septicaemia in a sexually dimorphic manner
Authors: El-Assaad Fatima , Qi Miao , Gordon Alice Kizny , Qi Jian , Dong Shangwen , Passam Freda , Weaver James Crofton , Giannakopoulos Bill , Krilis Steven Anthony 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe immune responses of males and females to bacterial infections display differences. The mechanisms that underlie this sexual dimorphism are multifactorial. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) contributes to the pathogenesis of endotoxaemia. We have previously demonstrated that the plasma protein beta-2 glycoprotein-1 (β2GPI) reduces LPS-induced inflammation in male mice. In the present study using a more robust infection model of septicaemia the role of β2GPI is examined in both male and female wild type (WT) and β2GPI deficient (β2GPI−/−) mice challenged withEscherichia coli(E. coli) intravenously. β2GPI deficiency led to an increase ofE. colicolony forming units (CFU) in the circulation of both male and female mice. In male β2GPI−/−mice this was associated with a worse clinical severity score. This difference was not observed between female β2GPI−/−and female WT mice. Male WT mice had decreased levels of total and increased levels of free thiol β2GPI following administration of LPS orE. coli. This pattern of sexual dimorphic response was also observed in our cohort of humans with sepsis. These findings support a role for β2GPI in modulating the sex-specific susceptibility to gram-negative septicaemia.
High-resolution mapping based on an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to capture paleoseismic offsets along the Altyn-Tagh fault, China
Authors: Gao Mingxing , Xu Xiwei , Klinger Yann , van der Woerd Jerome , Tapponnier Paul 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe recent dramatic increase in millimeter- to centimeter- resolution topographic datasets obtained via multi-view photogrammetry raises the possibility of mapping detailed offset geomorphology and constraining the spatial characteristics of active faults. Here, for the first time, we applied this new method to acquire high-resolution imagery and generate topographic data along the Altyn Tagh fault, which is located in a remote high elevation area and shows preserved ancient earthquake surface ruptures. A digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 0.065 m and an orthophoto with a resolution of 0.016 m were generated from these images. We identified piercing markers and reconstructed offsets based on both the orthoimage and the topography. The high-resolution UAV data were used to accurately measure the recent seismic offset. We obtained the recent offset of 7 ± 1 m. Combined with the high resolution satellite image, we measured cumulative offsets of 15 ± 2 m, 20 ± 2 m, 30 ± 2 m, which may be due to multiple paleo-earthquakes. Therefore, UAV mapping can provide fine-scale data for the assessment of the seismic hazards.
Ligand binding modes from low resolution GPCR models and mutagenesis: chicken bitter taste receptor as a test-case
Authors: Di Pizio Antonella , Kruetzfeldt Louisa-Marie , Cheled-Shoval Shira , Meyerhof Wolfgang , Behrens Maik , Niv Masha Y. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBitter taste is one of the basic taste modalities, warning against consuming potential poisons. Bitter compounds activate members of the bitter taste receptor (Tas2r) subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The number of functional Tas2rs is species-dependent. Chickens represent an intriguing minimalistic model, because they detect the bitter taste of structurally different molecules with merely three bitter taste receptor subtypes. We investigated the binding modes of several known agonists of a representative chicken bitter taste receptor, ggTas2r1. Because of low sequence similarity between ggTas2r1 and crystallized GPCRs (~10% identity, ~30% similarity at most), the combination of computational approaches with site-directed mutagenesis was used to characterize the agonist-bound conformation of ggTas2r1 binding site between TMs 3, 5, 6 and 7. We found that the ligand interactions with N93 in TM3 and/or N247 in TM5, combined with hydrophobic contacts, are typically involved in agonist recognition. Next, the ggTas2r1 structural model was successfully used to identify three quinine analogues (epiquinidine, ethylhydrocupreine, quinidine) as new ggTas2r1 agonists. The integrated approach validated here may be applicable to additional cases where the sequence identity of the GPCR of interest and the existing experimental structures is low.
Atherosusceptible Shear Stress Activates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Promote Endothelial Inflammation
Authors: Bailey Keith A. , Haj Fawaz G. , Simon Scott I. , Passerini Anthony G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAtherosclerosis impacts arteries where disturbed blood flow renders the endothelium susceptible to inflammation. Cytokine activation of endothelial cells (EC) upregulates VCAM-1 receptors that target monocyte recruitment to atherosusceptible regions. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress elicits EC dysregulation in metabolic syndrome. We hypothesized that ER plays a central role in mechanosensing of atherosusceptible shear stress (SS) by signaling enhanced inflammation. Aortic EC were stimulated with low-dose TNFα (0.3 ng/ml) in a microfluidic channel that produced a linear SS gradient over a 20mm field ranging from 0–16 dynes/cm2. High-resolution imaging of immunofluorescence along the monolayer provided a continuous spatial metric of EC orientation, markers of ER stress, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression, and monocyte recruitment. VCAM-1 peaked at 2 dynes/cm2 and decreased to below static TNFα-stimulated levels at atheroprotective-SS of 12 dynes/cm2, whereas ICAM-1 rose to a maximum in parallel with SS. ER expansion and activation of the unfolded protein response also peaked at 2 dynes/cm2, where IRF-1-regulated VCAM-1 expression and monocyte recruitment also rose to a maximum. Silencing of PECAM-1 or key ER stress genes abrogated SS regulation of VCAM-1 transcription and monocyte recruitment. We report a novel role for ER stress in mechanoregulation at arterial regions of atherosusceptible-SS inflamed by low-dose TNFα.
Engineered endothelium provides angiogenic and paracrine stimulus to grafted human ovarian tissue
Authors: Man Limor , Park Laura , Bodine Richard , Ginsberg Michael , Zaninovic Nikica , Man Omar Alexander , Schattman Glenn , Rosenwaks Zev , James Daylon 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDespite major advances in tissue cryopreservation and auto-transplantation, reperfusion ischemia and hypoxia have been reported as major obstacles to successful recovery of the follicular pool within grafted ovarian tissue. We demonstrate a benefit to follicular survival and function in human ovarian tissue that is co-transplanted with exogenous endothelial cells (ExEC). ExECs were capable of forming functionally perfused vessels at the host/graft interface and increased both viability and follicular volume in ExEC-assisted grafts with resumption of antral follicle development in long-term grafts. ExECs that were engineered to constitutively express anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) induced a greater proportion of quiescent primordial follicles than control ExECs, indicating suppression of premature mobilization that has been noted in the context of ovarian tissue transplantation. These findings present a cell-based strategy that combines accelerated perfusion with direct paracrine delivery of a bioactive payload to transplanted ovarian tissue.
Morphological differences of the reproductive system could be used to predict the optimum Grapholita molesta (Busck) control period
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Men Lina , Peng Yunfei , Li Jun , Deng Angie , Chen Yuan , Liu Xianqian , Ma Ruiyan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe oriental fruit moth (OFM), Grapholita molesta (Busck), is one of the dominant fruit-boring pests worldwide. In order to conduct integrated control of OFM effectively, it is important to predict the optimum control period. OFM populations have been monitored either by the number of trapped male moths exposed to sex pheromones or by the number of trapped male and female moths using food traps in orchards. The mating status and development stage of the trapped moths have not been characterized. The present paper studies the anatomical morphology of the OFM reproductive system at different development periods. The results revealed that OFM ovarian development can be divided into six stages. The average daily fecundity of OFM had an excellent positive correlation (r = 0.86) with the percentages of OFM in the egg maturation & oviposition stage, which could be used as an indicator in field population prediction work. There were obvious differences in the morphology of the corpus bursa and the heavy muscular area of the ductus ejaculatorius simplex before and after mating, and these differences could be used to increase the accuracy in predicting the optimum OFM control period.
Wie funktioniert die Pflegeversicherung?
Authors: Schumann Susette 
Published: August 2017

Zusammenfassung
Schlüsselbegriffe „Selbstbestimmung und Eigenverantwortung des Versicherten“, „Vorrang der häuslichen Pflege vor stationärer Pflege“,
„Vorrang von Prävention und Rehabilitation vor Pflege“ und „Leistungen der Pflegeversicherung gegen Qualität“ sind die zentralen
Schlüsselbegriffe der Pflegeversicherung.
Entwicklung einer Kurzversion des Bielefelder Fragebogens zu Partnerschaftserwartungen (BFPE-12)
Authors: Altmann Uwe , Brenk-Franz Katja , Brähler Elmar , Stöbel-Richter Yve , Strauß Bernhard 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Bielefelder Fragebogen zu Partnerschaftserwartungen (BFPE) ist ein Instrument zur Selbstbeschreibung partnerschaftsbezogener Bindungsaspekte, welches neben der Messung der Dimensionen Akzeptanzprobleme, Öffnungsbereitschaft und Zuwendungsbedürfnis auch eine Klassifizierung in 5 Bindungsmuster erlaubt. Anhand von Daten einer bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Befragung (N=1768) wurde zunächst mittels explorativer Faktorenanalyse eine Kurzversion mit 12 Items entwickelt. Konfirmatorische Faktorenanalysen anhand zweier Datensätze (N=1768 und N=801) bestätigen die 3-Faktoren-Struktur (RMSEA<0,08, CFI>0,93). Lang- und Kurzversion weisen sowohl hinsichtlich der 3 Skalen (r=0,799–0,914) als auch hinsichtlich der Klassifizierung in 5 Bindungsmuster (κ=0,659) eine beachtliche Übereinstimmung auf. Die Kurzversion kann somit als Substitut der Langversion im klinischen und nicht-klinischen Bereich eingesetzt werden.
Region-specific irradiation system with heavy-ion microbeam for active individuals of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Suzuki Michiyo , Hattori Yuya , Sakashita Tetsuya , Yokota Yuichiro , Kobayashi Yasuhiko , Funayama Tomoo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRadiation may affect essential functions and behaviors such as locomotion, feeding, learning and memory. Although whole-body irradiation has been shown to reduce motility in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the detailed mechanism responsible for this effect remains unknown. Targeted irradiation of the nerve ring responsible for sensory integration and information processing would allow us to determine whether the reduction of motility following whole-body irradiation reflects effects on the central nervous system or on the muscle cells themselves. We therefore addressed this issue using a collimating microbeam system. However, radiation targeting requires the animal to be immobilized, and previous studies have anesthetized animals to prevent their movement, thus making it impossible to assess their locomotion immediately after irradiation. We developed a method in which the animal was enclosed in a straight, microfluidic channel in a polydimethylsiloxane chip to inhibit free motion during irradiation, thus allowing locomotion to be observed immediately after irradiation. The head region (including the central nervous system), mid region around the intestine and uterus, and tail region were targeted independently. Each region was irradiated with 12 000 carbon ions (12C; 18.3 MeV/u; linear energy transfer = 106.4 keV/μm), corresponding to 500 Gy at a φ20 μm region. Motility was significantly decreased by whole-body irradiation, but not by irradiation of any of the individual regions, including the central nervous system. This suggests that radiation inhibits locomotion by a whole-body mechanism, potentially involving motoneurons and/or body-wall muscle cells, rather than affecting motor control via the central nervous system and the stimulation response.
Novel Surgical Treatment Strategies for Unstable Lumbar Osteodiscitis: A 3-Patient Case Series
Authors: Bohl Michael A , Hlubek Randall J , Turner Jay D , Reece Edward M , Kakarla U Kumar , Chang Steve W 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Lumbar osteomyelitis frequently affects patients with medical comorbidities and poor preoperative health. Surgery is indicated when medical management fails or patients present with spinal instability or neural compromise. Successful arthrodesis can be difficult and sometimes requires alternative surgical techniques.

OBJECTIVE
To report 3 novel methods, each illustrated by a case, for achieving arthrodesis for lumbar osteomyelitis.

METHODS
A retrospective review was performed of 3 cases of surgical treatment of lumbar osteomyelitis. Novel aspects of the surgical techniques are reported, as are perioperative clinical details and imaging results.

RESULTS
In the first patient, a vascularized iliac crest graft on a quadratus lumborum pedicle was rotated into the posterolateral fusion bed of the affected level. In the second, an anterior approach with debridement of affected lumbar levels was followed by rotation of a vascularized iliac crest graft on an iliacus muscle pedicle into the anterior lumbar defect. In the third, a structural, nonvascularized iliac crest graft was harvested via a lateral approach to provide better surgical access, and an autologous tricortical bone graft was obtained for placement in the debridement defect. Follow-up imaging suggested successful early incorporation of all the grafts in the fusion beds.

CONCLUSION
Patients with multiple risk factors for pseudarthrosis and recurrent infection often require alternative surgical strategies to augment fusion. These 3 novel methods for lumbar debridement, fixation, and fusion using vascularized or nonvascularized autograft accommodate posterior, anterior, and lateral surgical approaches. Further experience with these techniques is required to compare outcomes with those of traditional techniques.