bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A DNA aptamer efficiently inhibits the infectivity of Bovine herpesvirus 1 by blocking viral entry
Authors: Xu Jian , Zhang Xixi , Zhou Shuanghai , Shen Junjun , Yang Dawei , Wu Jing , Li Xiaoyang , Li Meiling , Huang Xiufen , Sealy Joshua E. , Iqbal Munir , Li Yongqing 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is an important pathogen of domestic and wild cattle responsible for major economic losses in dairy and beef industries throughout the world. Inhibition of viral entry plays a crucial role in the control of BoHV-1 infection and aptamers have been reported to inhibit viral replication. In this study, nine DNA aptamers that target BoHV-1 were generated using systemic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment. Of the nine candidates, aptamer IBRV-A4 exhibited the highest affinity and specificity for BoHV-1, which bound to BoHV-1 with a Kd value of 3.519 nM and demonstrated the greatest virus binding as shown by fluorescence imaging. The neutralizing ability of aptamer IBRV-A4 was determined using neutralization assays and real time PCR in BoHV-1 infected Madin-darby bovine kidney cells. Virus titration, immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed virus replication significantly decreased when aptamer IBRV-A4 was added to BoHV-1 infected MDBK cells at 0 and 0.5 hours post-infection, whereas no change was seen when IBRV-A4 was added 2 hours post-infection. This concludes that aptamer IBRV-A4 efficiently inhibits viral entry of BoHV-1 in MDBK cells and is therefore a novel tool for diagnosis and treatment of BoHV-1 infection in cattle.
Population genomics of virulence genes of Plasmodium falciparum in clinical isolates from Uganda
Authors: Ruybal-Pesántez Shazia , Tiedje Kathryn E. , Tonkin-Hill Gerry , Rask Thomas S. , Kamya Moses R. , Greenhouse Bryan , Dorsey Grant , Duffy Michael F. , Day Karen P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPlasmodium falciparum causes a spectrum of malarial disease from asymptomatic to uncomplicated through to severe. Investigations of parasite virulence have associated the expression of distinct variants of the major surface antigen of the blood stages known as Pf EMP1 encoded by up to 60 var genes per genome. Looking at the population genomics of var genes in cases of uncomplicated malaria, we set out to determine if there was any evidence of a selective sweep of specific var genes or clonal epidemic structure related to the incidence of uncomplicated disease in children. By sequencing the conserved DBLα domain of var genes from six sentinel sites in Uganda we found that the parasites causing uncomplicated P. falciparum disease in children were highly diverse and that every child had a unique var DBLα repertoire. Despite extensive var DBLα diversity and minimal overlap between repertoires, specific DBLα types and groups were conserved at the population level across Uganda. This pattern was the same regardless of the geographic distance or malaria transmission intensity. These data lead us to propose that any parasite can cause uncomplicated malarial disease and that these diverse parasite repertoires are composed of both upsA and non-upsA var gene groups.
Palladin is a novel microtubule-associated protein responsible for spindle orientation
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Chen Xinlei , Liu Jing , Xu Xin , Zhang Yuanliang , Ruan Zheng , Xie Yinyin , Huang Qiuhua , Yin Tong , Chen Zhu , Chen Saijuan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMitotic spindles, which consist of microtubules (MTs) and associated proteins, play critical roles in controlling cell division and maintaining tissue homeostasis. The orientation of the mitotic spindle is closely related with the duration of mitosis. However, the molecular mechanism in regulating the orientation of the mitotic spindles is largely undefined. In this study, we found that Palladin is a novel MT-associated protein and regulator of spindle orientation, which maintains proper spindle orientation by stabilizing astral MTs. Palladin depletion distorted spindle orientation, prolonged the metaphase, and impaired proliferation of HeLa cells. Results showed that Palladin depletion-induced spindle misorientation and astral MT instability could be rescued by constitutively active AKT1 or dominant negative GSK3β. Our findings revealed that Palladin regulates spindle orientation and mitotic progression mainly through the AKT1–GSK3β pathway.
Gene expression meta-analysis in diffuse low-grade glioma and the corresponding histological subtypes
Authors: Wang Siqi , Jin Feng , Fan Wenliang , Liu Fang , Zou Yan , Hu Xuehan , Xu Haibo , Han Ping 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDiffuse low-grade glioma (DLGG) is a well-differentiated, slow-growing tumour with an inherent tendency to progress to high-grade glioma. The potential roles of genetic alterations in DLGG development have not yet been fully delineated. Therefore, the current study performed an integrated gene expression meta-analysis of eight independent, publicly available microarray datasets including 291 DLGGs and 83 non-glioma (NG) samples to identify gene expression signatures associated with DLGG. Using INMEX, 708 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (385 upregulated and 323 downregulated genes) were identified in DLGG compared to NG. Furthermore, 497 DEGs (222 upregulated and 275 downregulated genes) corresponding to two histological types were identified. Of these, high expression of HIP1R significantly correlated with increased overall survival, whereas high expression of TBXAS1 significantly correlated with decreased overall survival. Additionally, network-based meta-analysis identified FN1 and APP as the key hub genes in DLGG compared with NG. PTPN6 and CUL3 were the key hub genes identified in the astrocytoma relative to the oligodendroglioma. Further immunohistochemical validation revealed that MTHFD2 and SPARC were positively expressed in DLGG, whereas RBP4 was positively expressed in NG. These findings reveal potential molecular biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy in patients with DLGG and provide a rich and novel candidate reservoir for future studies.
The coupling of leaf, litter, and soil nutrients in warm temperate forests in northwestern China
Authors: Zhang Guangqi , Zhang Ping , Peng Shouzhang , Chen Yunming , Cao Yang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe nutrient ecological stoichiometry of plants and soil is important for the growth and dynamics of species, but the stoichiometric relationships among leaf, litter, and soil remain poorly understood. We analyzed the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry of the leaves, litter, and soil for 31 species at 140 sites in warm temperate forests in northwestern China to document the patterns of nutrient traits and their relationships with climatic factors. The average concentrations of C, N, and P in the combined forests were 462.97, 18.04, and 1.32 g kg−1 for leaves, 365.12, 12.34, and 0.87 g kg−1 for litter, and 15.72, 1.29, and 0.54 g kg−1 for soil, respectively. The concentrations differed significantly among the leaves, litter, and soil. Leaf and soil nutrients were not significantly correlated, whereas leaf and litter nutrients and litter and soil nutrients were significantly correlated, indicating that litter provided a link between leaves and soil and demonstrating the nutrient associations among leaves, litter, and soil. Soil nutrients were strongly correlated with climatic factors, and precipitation had a larger impact than temperature on the plants and soil. This study will help to predict the growth and dynamics of species under environmental changes.
Loss of MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 enables potent dendritic cell-driven anti-tumour T cell response
Authors: Soukup Klara , Halfmann Angela , Dillinger Barbara , Poyer Fiona , Martin Katharina , Blauensteiner Bernadette , Kauer Maximilian , Kuttke Mario , Schabbauer Gernot , Dohnal Alexander M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMaintaining dendritic cells (DC) in a state of dysfunction represents a key mechanism by which tumour cells evade recognition and elimination by the immune system. Limited knowledge about the intracellular mediators of DC dysfunction restricts success of therapies aimed at reactivating a DC-driven anti-tumour immune response. Using a cell type-specific murine knock-out model, we have identified MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) as a major guardian of a suppressive DC phenotype in the melanoma tumour microenvironment. MK2 deletion in CD11c+ cells led to an expansion of stimulatory CD103+ DCs, mounting a potent CD8+ T cell response that resulted in elimination of highly aggressive B16-F10 tumours upon toll-like receptor (TLR) activation in the presence of tumour antigen. Moreover, tumour infiltration by suppressive myeloid cells was strongly diminished. These insights into the regulation of DC functionality reveal MK2 as a targetable pathway for DC-centred immunomodulatory cancer therapies.
Analytic model for the complex effective index of the leaky modes of tube-type anti-resonant hollow core fibers
Authors: Zeisberger Matthias , Schmidt Markus A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDue to their promising applications, hollow-core fibers, in particular, their anti-resonant versions, have recently attracted the attention of the photonics community. Here, we introduce a model that approximates, using the reflection of a wave on a single planar film, modal guidance in tube-type anti-resonant waveguides whose core diameters are large compared to the wavelength. The model yields analytic expressions for the real and imaginary parts of the complex effective index of the leaky modes supported, and is valid in all practically relevant situations, excellently matching all the important dispersion and loss parameters. Essential principles such as the fourth power dependence of the modal loss on the core radius at all wavelengths and the geometry-independent transition refractive index, below which modal discrimination favors the fundamental mode are discussed. As application examples, we use our model for understanding higher-order mode suppression in revolver-type fibers and for uncovering the tuning capabilities associated with nonlinear pulse propagation.
Implementation of reactive power‐based MRAS for sensorless speed control of brushless doubly fed reluctance motor drive
Authors: Kiran Karuna , Das Sukanta 
Published: September 2017

The present work introduces the concept of classical reactive power (Q)‐based model reference adaptive system (MRAS) for the speed estimation and control of low‐cost BDFR motor drive. The reasons behind such choice for this drive's control are: (i) MRAS‐based controllers can inherently take care of the machine parameter variations which had been a challenging issue with the other available sensorless speed estimation strategies and (ii) the employment of Q as a functional candidate inevitably makes the formulation immune to the variations in stator resistance. The experimental assessment, in this respect, confirms these claims. Furthermore, the analytical validation of Popov's hyperstability criteria on the proposed controller, confirms the drive's overall stability within the investigated speed control range. The speed control performance is examined in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results are further validated by a real‐time implementation using dSPACE‐1103‐based 1.6 kW BDFR machine prototype.
Outcomes of Venous Malformation Sclerotherapy: A Review of Study Methodology and Long-Term Results
Authors: Ali Sumera , Mitchell Sally 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIt is very important that patients seeking sclerotherapy for the treatment of venous malformations are aware of the expected course of the therapy. They should be thoroughly counseled about the complications, the need for multiple sessions of therapy, and also about the expected clinical outcome. The aim of this review is to discuss the long-term outcomes of sclerotherapy for the treatment of venous malformation. Many studies have discussed their individual center's experiences and short-midterm results, but there is a relative paucity of data on long-term outcomes. We have reviewed the literature and also shared our experience of a large cohort of patients (n = 116) with a relatively longer follow-up period of more than 1 year. Venous malformations are very complex lesions and their treatment is quite variable depending on its extent and complexity. As a result, outcome studies vary considerably in the choice of sclerosant, study methodology, outcome assessment (clinical vs. imaging), and grading scales. This review also highlights this extreme heterogeneity in the literature of the sclerotherapy outcome and summarizes a few national and international studies for comparison.
Magnetic Resonance Lymphangiography and Lymphatic Embolization in the Treatment of Pulmonary Complication of Lymphatic Malformation
Authors: Itkin Maxim 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLymphatic malformations (LMs; especially those involving the central conducting lymphatic channels) are characterized by dysplastic and incompetent lymphatic channels in multiple tissues and organs. The major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with thoracic LM is deterioration of pulmonary function due to chronic chylous effusions and progressive interstitial lung disease. The etiology of these pulmonary processes is unknown, although lymphatic involvement is certain. Understanding of the changes in the lymphatic anatomy in patients with LM has been hindered by difficulty of imaging of the lymphatic system. Recently developed dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiography (DCMRL) allows dynamic MR imaging of the lymphatic system by injecting gadolinium contrast agent in the groin lymph nodes. Using this technique, pathological lymphatic flow from the central lymphatic system and/or retroperitoneal and mediastinal masses into lung parenchyma (“pulmonary lymphatic perfusion syndrome”) has been demonstrated in patients with LM. This abnormal lymphatic perfusion overflows pulmonary parenchyma and results in deterioration of pulmonary function due to interstitial process and/or compression effect of chylous effusions. Percutaneous thoracic duct embolization or lymphatic interstitial embolization of the lymphatic masses results in cessation of the pulmonary lymphatic overflow and significant improvement in pulmonary symptoms in these patients.
Evaluation of 18S rRNA PCR in the Diagnosis of Neonatal Fungal Sepsis
Authors: Sonika Pallavi , Gathwala Geeta , Goel Nidhi , Lather Sandeep , Dhaulakhandi Dhara 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNeonatal fungal infections constitute a significant disease burden in India. In the absence of an ideal diagnostic test for the detection of fungal sepsis, the management of sepsis remains enigmatic. At present, blood culture is the method of choice for neonatal fungal sepsis, but it is not 100% sensitive. Together with the requirement for prolonged incubation, blood cultures are of limited utility in investigating neonates for invasive fungal infections, and especially for guiding initial therapy. For quite some time, molecular methods based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting microorganisms are gaining prominence in clinical practice, particularly due to their precision, specificity, sensitivity, and shorter reporting time. Amplification of the 18S rRNA subunit gene by PCR from the DNA extracted from patient's blood specifically identifies the causative organism at least at genus level. Here, we evaluate the diagnostic utility of 18S rRNA PCR in neonatal fungal sepsis as part of a prospective cohort study in a tertiary health care setting.
Most Effective Regimen of Tranexamic Acid for Reducing Bleeding and Transfusions in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Dai Wen-Li , Zhou Ai-Guo , Zhang Hua , Zhang Jian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe use of tranexamic acid (TXA) during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is well documented. However, considering the potential side effects, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), the ideal route of administration remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to compare the efficacy of topical versus intravenous TXA and explore the most effective regimen in patients undergoing primary TKA. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane database through July 2016 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy and safety of topical and intravenous TXA in primary TKA. We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. We assessed the quality of evidence using the GRADE profiler software. A total of 15 RCTs including 1,240 participants met the inclusion criteria. We found no statistically significant difference between topical and intravenous TXA in terms of transfusion rate (p = 0.75), total blood loss (p = 0.51), total drain output (p = 0.60), maximum hemoglobin drop (p = 0.24), length of stay (p = 0.08), and thromboembolic complications (p = 0.73). Subgroup analyses showed that compared with 1 g topical TXA, 2 g topical TXA was more effective to reduce blood transfusion rate and total blood loss, and did not increase thromboembolic complications. We also found three times intravenous TXA was more effective than one time of intravenous TXA to reduce blood transfusion rate and total blood loss without increasing of thromboembolic complications. Topical TXA had a similar efficacy to intravenous TXA in reducing blood transfusion and blood loss, and did not increase the risk of thromboembolic complications in primary TKA. Besides, the current meta-analysis suggested that three times of intravenous TXA is efficient and safe. We also recommended 2 g topical TXA instead of 1 g topical TXA because it was more efficient to reduce blood transfusion rate and total blood loss and did not increase thromboembolic complications.
Nivel de evidencia de la RICMA comparada con el JHSE y JHSA
Authors: Rosales R. , González V. J. , Pollwein M. E. , Reboso-Morales L. , Hidalgo Y. 
Published: September 2017

Objetivo: El propósito del presente trabajo fue evaluar el nivel de evidencia científica de artículos de investigación clínica publicados en las Revista Ineroamericana de Cirugía de la Mano (RICMA) y compararlo con las revistas Europea (JHSE) y Americana (JHSA).Material y método: Un total de 932 trabajos de investigación clínicos publicados entre 2005 y 2009 (RICMA 60, JHSE, JHSA 461 y 411) fueron revisados. Dos observadores independientes clasificaron el nivel de evidencia basado en la Clasificación Internacional de Oxford, siendo 5 el nivel más bajo y 1 el nivel más alto de evidencia científica. Las frecuencias observadas de nivel de evidencia para cada revista científica fueron comparadas con las frecuencias esperadas mediante un test de chi- cuadrado (X2) para variables categóricas con un nivel de significancia del 0.05.Resultados: Más del 80% de los trabajos publicados en la RICMA y el JHSE , y el 67.6% en el JHSA presentaron un nivel IV de evidencia. Trabajos de nivel I o II no fueron publicados en la RICMA, comparado con el JHSE (0.9% nivel I, 5% nivel II), y con el JHSA (8.3% nivel I, 10% nivel II). El porcentaje de artículos con nivel III publicados en la RICMA (16,7%) fue mayor al observado en el JHSE (11.1%) y en el JHSA (14.1%). Todos los resultados fueron estadísticamente significativos (X2=63.95; p<0.001).Conclusiones: El nivel de evidencia de las publicaciones en investigación clínica en cirugía de la mano depende del tipo de revista, siendo el mayor nivel de evidencia en aquellos trabajos publicados en el JHSA, seguido del JHSE y finalmente la RICMA.
Nueva interpretación de los estabilizadores anatómicos en la fractura de muñeca. Parte I: Evolución de la región de la muñeca y nueva clasificación de las fracturas de radio
Authors: Rotella J. M. , Rotella P. 
Published: September 2017

En este trabajo se presenta una nueva interpretación personal de las lesiones de muñeca basada en el estudio de la filogenia, embriología, anatomía y biomecánica de esta región y en base a esta nueva interpretación planteamos una nueva clasificación (parte I del trabajo), que ayudará a entender los patrones lesionales de las distintas fracturas (parte II del trabajo) y a definir una nueva “estrategia” para el tratamiento de las fracturas de radio (parte III del trabajo).El eje post-axial es el encargado del desarrollo del miembro superior. El carpo y la mano siempre estuvieron articulados al cúbito y para que pueda aparecer el movimiento de supinación, parte del carpo necesitó migrar al radio.Se describen tres sectores en la región de la muñeca: cubital (interno); central (medio) y radial (externo); cada uno de ellos presentan diferentes orígenes: evolutivo, formativo, constitutivo y funcional.Cada sector tiene un rol biomecánico diferente, de los que surgen diferentes “patrones” de lesión. Estos distintos patrones producen desplazamientos e inestabilidades en las diferentes zonas que responden al origen filogénico de cada uno de los estabilizadores anatómicos.Cuando sucede un traumatismo en la muñeca, las fuerzas se distribuyen de forma diferente en los tres sectores de la muñeca. En el sector externo, es decir, en el radio, se producen fuerzas de “compresión”. En el sector interno, los ligamentos y estiloides del cúbito, actúan fuerzas de “distracción”.
Tumor location is a risk factor for lymph node metastasis in superficial Barrett’s adenocarcinoma
Authors: Yamada Masayoshi , Oda Ichiro , Tanaka Hirohito , Abe Seiichiro , Nonaka Satoru , Suzuki Haruhisa , Yoshinaga Shigetaka , Kuchiba Aya , Koyanagi Kazuo , Igaki Hiroyasu , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Sekine Shigeki , Saito Yutaka , Tachimori Yuji 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic treatment is indicated for superficial Barrett’s adenocarcinoma (BA) with a negligible risk of lymph node metastasis (LNM). However, risk factors associated with LNM in superficial BA are still not well characterized. The aim of the current study was to clarify risk factors for LNM of superficial BA.
Patients and methods A retrospective study was conducted in 87 consecutive patients with BA that was resected at National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan between 1990 and 2013. We assessed tumor size, macroscopic type, histological type, tumor depth of invasion, lymphovascular invasion and tumor location to analyze factors associated with LNM. Tumor location was classified into following 2 groups according to Siewert classification: 1) BA of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ-BA) as those having their center within 1 cm proximal from the EGJ; and 2) Esophageal-BA as those having their center at 1 cm or more proximal to the EGJ. EGJ was defined as distal end of the palisade vessels.
Results LNM was detected in 10 (11 %) patients. Univariable analysis revealed that tumor size, tumor depth of invasion, histological type of mixed differentiated and undifferentiated-type adenocarcinoma, lymphovascular invasion and tumor location of esophageal-BA were significantly associated with LNM. Multivariable analysis revealed that tumor location of esophageal-BA [odds ratio 7.8 (95 %CI: 1.3 – 48.1)] was a potential risk factor for LNM.
Conclusions The current study demonstrated that tumor location is a potential risk factor for LNM in BA. Therefore, indications for endoscopic treatment of esophageal-BA and EGJ-BA could be different.