bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sarcomatoid Renal Cell Carcinoma: The Apple Doesn't Fall Far from the Tree
Authors: Bergerot Paulo , Agarwal Neeraj , Pal Sumanta K. , Jones Jeremy 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The most comprehensive sequencing effort of sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma (sRCC) to date reinforces the notion that the sarcomatoid component is closely related to the epithelial component of the cancer. This work also challenges the notion that sRCC evolves from low-grade RCC and identifies potential mediators of sarcomatoid differentiation. Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6381–3. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Wang et al., p. 6686
Alternative Polyadenylation of PRELID1 Regulates Mitochondrial ROS Signaling and Cancer Outcomes
Authors: Gillen Austin E. , Brechbuhl Heather M. , Yamamoto Tomomi M. , Kline Enos , Pillai Manoj M. , Hesselberth Jay R. , Kabos Peter 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Disruption of posttranscriptional gene regulation is a critical step in oncogenesis that can be difficult to observe using traditional molecular techniques. To overcome this limitation, a modified polyadenylation site sequencing (PAS-seq) protocol was used to generate a genome-wide map of alternative polyadenylation (APA) events in human primary breast tumor specimens and matched normal tissue. This approach identified an APA event in the PRELID1 mRNA that enhances its steady-state level and translational efficiency, and is a strong breast cancer subtype-dependent predictor of patient clinical outcomes. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that PRELID1 regulates stress response and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a cell type–specific manner. Modulation of PRELID1 expression, including its posttranscriptional control, appears to be a common stress response across different cancer types. These data reveal that PRELID1 mRNA processing is an important regulator of cell type–specific responses to stress used by multiple cancers and is associated with patient outcomes.
Implications: This study suggests that the regulation of PRELID1 expression, by APA and other mechanisms, plays a role in mitochondrial ROS signaling and represents a novel prognostic factor and therapeutic target in cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 15(12); 1741–51. ©2017 AACR.
Lower Plasma Fetuin-A Levels Are Associated With a Higher Mortality Risk in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Chen Xuechen , Zhang Yuan , Chen Qian , Li Qing , Li Yanping , Ling Wenhua 
Published: September 2017

Objective—
The present study was designed to evaluate the association of circulating fetuin-A with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality.

Approach and Results—

We measured plasma fetuin-A in 1620 patients using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The patients were members of the Guangdong coronary artery disease cohort and were recruited between October 2008 and December 2011. Cox regression models were used to estimate the association between plasma fetuin-A and the risk of mortality. A total of 206 deaths were recorded during a median follow-up of 5.9 years, 146 of whom died from CVD. The hazard ratios for the second and third tertiles of the fetuin-A levels (using the first tertile as a reference) were 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.44–0.96) and 0.51 (95% confidence interval, 0.33–0.78) for CVD mortality (
P
=0.005) and 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 0.47–0.91) and 0.48 (95% confidence interval, 0.33–0.70) for all-cause mortality (
P
<0.001), respectively.

Conclusions—
Lower plasma fetuin-A levels were associated with an increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in patients with coronary artery disease independently of traditional CVD risk factors.
TGFβ (Transforming Growth Factor-β) Blockade Induces a Human-Like Disease in a Nondissecting Mouse Model of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Authors: Lareyre Fabien , Clément Marc , Raffort Juliette , Pohlod Stefanie , Patel Meghana , Esposito Bruno , Master Leanne , Finigan Alison , Vandestienne Marie , Stergiopulos Nikolaos , Taleb Soraya , Trachet Bram , Mallat Ziad 
Published: September 2017

Objective—
Current experimental models of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) do not accurately reproduce the major features of human AAA. We hypothesized that blockade of TGFβ (transforming growth factor-β) activity—a guardian of vascular integrity and immune homeostasis—would impair vascular healing in models of nondissecting AAA and would lead to sustained aneurysmal growth until rupture.

Approach and Results—
Here, we test this hypothesis in the elastase-induced AAA model in mice. We analyze AAA development and progression using ultrasound in vivo, synchrotron-based ultrahigh resolution imaging ex vivo, and a combination of biological, histological, and flow cytometry-based cellular and molecular approaches in vitro. Systemic blockade of TGFβ using a monoclonal antibody induces a transition from a self-contained aortic dilatation to a model of sustained aneurysmal growth, associated with the formation of an intraluminal thrombus. AAA growth is associated with wall disruption but no medial dissection and culminates in fatal transmural aortic wall rupture. TGFβ blockade enhances leukocyte infiltration both in the aortic wall and the intraluminal thrombus and aggravates extracellular matrix degradation. Early blockade of IL-1β or monocyte-dependent responses substantially limits AAA severity. However, blockade of IL-1β after disease initiation has no effect on AAA progression to rupture.

Conclusions—
Endogenous TGFβ activity is required for the healing of AAA. TGFβ blockade may be harnessed to generate new models of AAA with better relevance to the human disease. We expect that the new models will improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of AAA and will be useful in the identification of new therapeutic targets.
Risk Stratification Using the CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc Score in Takotsubo Syndrome: Data From the Takotsubo Italian Network
Authors: Parodi Guido , Scudiero Fernando , Citro Rodolfo , Silverio Angelo , Bellandi Benedetta , Zito Concetta , Antonini‐Canterin Francesco , Rigo Fausto , Zocchi Chiara , Bossone Eduardo , Salerno‐Uriarte Jorge , Piscione Federico , Mario Carlo Di , Armentano Corinna , Astarita Costantino , Coppola Antonino , Ravera Amelia , Prota Costantina , Bottiglieri Pompea , Bovelli Daniella , Patella Mariano , Costantino Fabio , Gregorio Giovanni , Santoro Michele , Manganelli Fiore , Rotondi Francesco , Del Pace Stefano , Pascotto Marco , Grolla Elisabetta , Tagliamonte Ercole , Bianchi Alfredo , Marinosci Giovanni , Pappalettera Michele , Pozzi Andrea , Nardi Federico , Novo Giuseppina , Bovenzi Francesco 
Published: September 2017

Background

The CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score predicts stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation and has been reported to have a prognostic role even in acute coronary syndrome patients. The Takotsubo syndrome is a condition that mimics acute coronary syndrome and may present several complications including stroke. We sought to assess the ability of CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score to predict adverse events in Takotsubo syndrome patients.

Methods and Results

Overall, 371 Takotsubo syndrome patients were enrolled in a prospective registry. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score: Group A (≤1), B (2–3), and C (≥4). The median CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score was 3 (interquartile range: 2–4). Overall, 9%, 42%, and 49% were included in Group A, B, and C, respectively. Follow‐up length was 26±20 months. The mortality rate was 6%, 7%, and 17% in Group A, B, and C, respectively (
P
=0.011). The stroke rate was 3% and not different among the 3 groups. Estimated major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (the composite of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke) rates in the 3 groups were 6%, 9%, and 17% in Group A, B, and C, respectively (
P
=0.033). The CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score resulted as a predictor of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (odds ratio 2.1, 95% confidence interval, 1.2–3.6;
P
=0.01) and all‐cause mortality (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval, 1.2–1.9;
P
=0.001).

Conclusions

In Takotsubo syndrome, the CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc score allows prediction of cardiovascular events and mortality at long‐term follow‐up.
Body Mass Index Is Associated With Microvascular Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Treated Metabolic Risk Factors and Suspected Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: van der Heijden Dirk J. , van Leeuwen Maarten A. H. , Janssens Gladys N. , Lenzen Mattie J. , van de Ven Peter M. , Eringa Etto C. , van Royen Niels 
Published: September 2017

Background
Obesity is key feature of the metabolic syndrome and is associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Obesity is associated with macrovascular endothelial dysfunction, a determinant of outcome in patients with coronary artery disease. Here, we compared the influence of obesity on microvascular endothelial function to that of established cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results

Endothelial function was assessed during postocclusive reactive hyperemia of the brachial artery and downstream microvascular beds in 108 patients who were scheduled for coronary angiography. In all patients, microvascular vasodilation was assessed using peripheral arterial tonometry; laser Doppler flowmetry and digital thermal monitoring were performed. Body mass index was significantly associated with decreased endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation measured with peripheral arterial tonometry (
r
=0.23,
P
=0.02), laser Doppler flowmetry (
r
=0.30,
P
<0.01), and digital thermal monitoring (
r
=0.30,
P
<0.01). In contrast, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking had no influence on microvascular vasodilatation. Especially in diabetic patients, endothelial function was not significantly reduced (control versus diabetes mellitus, mean±
SEM
or median [interquartile range], peripheral arterial tonometry: 1.90±0.20 versus 1.67±0.20,
P
=0.19, laser Doppler flowmetry: 728% [interquartile range, 427–1110] versus 589% [interquartile range, 320–1067]
P
=0.28, and digital thermal monitoring: 6.6±1.0% versus 2.5±1.7%,
P
=0.08). In multivariate linear regression analysis, body mass index was the only risk factor that significantly attenuated endothelium‐dependent vasodilatation using all 3 microvascular function tests.

Conclusions
Higher body mass index is associated with reduced endothelial function in patients with suspected coronary artery disease, even after adjustment for treated diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and smoking.
Psychotria nilgherensis (Rubiaceae), a new combination replacing P. elongata
Authors: GOVAERTS RAFAËL , CHAKRABARTY TAPAS 
Published: September 2017

The genus Grumilea was established by Gaertner (1788: 138, t. 28, f. 2) on the basis of a single species, G. nigra Gaertner from Sri Lanka. The genus was subsequently recognized and treated by a number of authors such as Candolle (1830: 495), Wight & Arnott (1834: 432), Miquel (1857: 295) and Thwaites (1859: 147). However, Bentham & Hooker (1873: 123) combined Grumilea with Psychotria Linnaeus (1759: 929, 1364), nom. cons., a delimitation that was accepted by later workers (e.g., Mabberley 2008: 377). Hooker (1880: 161) treated Grumilea as a Section of Psychotria. Wight (1845: 16, t. 1036) described a species, Grumilea elongata from Tamil Nadu, India which was transferred to Psychotria by Hooker as Psychotria elongata (Wight) Hooker (1880: 163). This name was used in most of the subsequent floristic treatments (e.g., Trimen 1894; Brandis 1906; Gamble 1921; Fyson 1932; Sebastine & Vivekananthan 1967; Matthew & Rani 1983; Swaminathan 1987; Mohanan & Henry 1994). Sohmer (1977: 381), realizing that the name P. elongata is a later homonym of two names published by Bentham (1853: 32) and Beddome (1872: t. 17), applied a new name, P. fosbergii Sohmer which was accepted and used by Deb & Gangopadhyay (1989: 70, f. 29) in their revision of the genus Psychotria. Unfortunately, they overlooked the fact that this name is also a later homonym of P. fosbergii Steyermark (1972: 630). Later, Kiehn published the replacement name P. sohmeri Kiehn (1986: 215) and this was used as the correct name by Sohmer (1987: 339). Two years later, Suresh proposed another replacement name, P. glandulosa Suresh (1988: 229). As this is a later replacement name, it is superfluous and illegitimate. Unfortunately, all these authors overlooked the fact that Kuntze (1891: 957) published the name Uragoga nilgherensis replacing Grumilea elongata which, if transferred to Psychotria, becomes the earliest valid replacement name for the Wight’s species. Hence the necessary new combination is proposed below.
Women Weathercasters: Their Positions, Education, and Presence in Local TV
Authors: Cranford Alexandra 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Data on weathercasters at local television stations in all 210 markets in the United States were gathered through individual weathercaster biography web pages provided on television news station websites. The weathercasters’ genders, positions, and educational backgrounds were compiled and analyzed to determine women’s presence in local broadcast meteorology. While the overall percentage of females in the field increased and females were more represented in larger markets, females held fewer influential and desired positions in 2016 compared with previous studies. Women made up 29% of all weathercaster positions, which was higher than in earlier studies that showed the percentage at 25% or less over the past two decades. Females made up 8% of chief meteorologist positions and less than 11% of evening shifts, which were lower than numbers in previous studies. The proportion of female weathercasters who held meteorology degrees was lower than their male counterparts (52% of females compared with 59% of males). This difference was statistically significant (p &lt; 0.01). Chi-squared tests revealed strong and statistically significant associations between males and chief meteorologist positions and between males and evening shifts. There was a higher percentage of weathercasters with meteorology degrees in smaller markets as opposed to larger markets.
Reverse electron transfer results in a loss of flavin from mitochondrial complex I: Potential mechanism for brain ischemia reperfusion injury
Authors: Stepanova Anna , Kahl Anja , Konrad Csaba , Ten Vadim , Starkov Anatoly S , Galkin Alexander 
Published: September 2017

Ischemic stroke is one of the most prevalent sources of disability in the world. The major brain tissue damage takes place upon the reperfusion of ischemic tissue. Energy failure due to alterations in mitochondrial metabolism and elevated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the main causes of brain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) damage. Ischemia resulted in the accumulation of succinate in tissues, which favors the process of reverse electron transfer (RET) when a fraction of electrons derived from succinate is directed to mitochondrial complex I for the reduction of matrix NAD+. We demonstrate that in intact brain mitochondria oxidizing succinate, complex I became damaged and was not able to contribute to the physiological respiration. This process is associated with a decline in ROS release and a dissociation of the enzyme's flavin. This previously undescribed phenomenon represents the major molecular mechanism of injury in stroke and induction of oxidative stress after reperfusion. We also demonstrate that the origin of ROS during RET is flavin of mitochondrial complex I. Our study highlights a novel target for neuroprotection against IR brain injury and provides a sensitive biochemical marker for this process.
Impact of Test Conditions on ADP-Induced Platelet Function Results With the Multiplate Assay: Is Further Standardization Required?
Authors: Dézsi Döme A. , Merkely Béla , Skopál Judit , Barabás Eszter , Várnai Katalin , Faluközy József , Veress Gábor , Alotti Nasri , Aradi Dániel 
Published: September 2017

Background: Platelet function testing was suggested to help tailor P2Y12-inhibitor therapy; however, the lack of proper standardization is still a limitation. Methods: In a prospective study, we enrolled clopidogrel-treated and P2Y12-inhibitor naive patients to investigate the influence of (1) time from blood collection, (2) stability of the stored Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) reagent, and (3) the use of enoxaparin on results of the Multiplate assay. Measurements were performed from samples kept for 0, 30, 60, 120, and 240 minutes at room temperature before processing. To determine the impact of the reagent stability, freshly thawed ADP was compared with ADP kept for 3 to 5 or 8 to 13 days at 2°C to 8°C. Finally, samples containing enoxaparin at therapeutic or prophylactic doses were compared with enoxaparin-free blood. Results: A total of 180 measurements were performed. ADP-stimulated platelet reactivity values decreased significantly over time (67 ± 40 U to 68 ± 37 U to 58 ± 37 U to 45 ± 33 U to 35 ± 33 U; P < .0001). Consequently, a dramatic reduction was observed in the proportion of patients with high platelet reactivity ( P < .0001). A significant drop in platelet reactivity was observed with ADP stored for 8 to 13 days as compared to freshly thawed ADP ( P = .011). Enoxaparin triggered a slight, concentration-dependent increase in platelet reactivity ( P < .05). Conclusion: Test conditions may have profound impacts on the obtained results with the Multiplate assay. Our findings highlight the large influence of the time from sample collection until testing, suggesting that measurements should be performed within an hour of blood collection.
The effect of regular aquatic exercise on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Igarashi Yutaka , Nogami Yoshie 
Published: September 2017

Background No meta-analysis has examined the effect of regular aquatic exercise on blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the effects of regular aquatic exercise on blood pressure. Design A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Methods Databases were searched for literature published up to April 2017. The randomized controlled trials analysed involved healthy adults, an intervention group that only performed aquatic exercise and a control group that did not exercise, no other intervention, and trials indicated mean systolic blood pressure or diastolic blood pressure. The net change in blood pressure was calculated from each trial, and the changes in blood pressure were pooled by a random effects model, and the risk of heterogeneity was evaluated. Subgroup analysis of subjects with hypertension, subjects who performed endurance exercise (or not), and subjects who only swam (or not) was performed, and the net changes in blood pressure were pooled. Results The meta-analysis examined 14 trials involving 452 subjects. Pooled net changes in blood pressure improved significantly (systolic blood pressure −8.4 mmHg; diastolic blood pressure −3.3 mmHg) and the changes in systolic blood pressure contained significant heterogeneity. When subjects were limited to those with hypertension, those who performed endurance exercise and subjects who did not swim, pooled net changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly, but the heterogeneity of systolic blood pressure did not improve. Conclusion Like exercise on land, aquatic exercise should have a beneficial effect by lowering blood pressure. In addition, aquatic exercise should lower the blood pressure of subjects with hypertension, and other forms of aquatic exercise besides swimming should also lower blood pressure.
The influence of geometric design variables on the kinematic performance of a surface-guided total knee replacement
Authors: Pejhan Shabnam , Bohm Eric , Brandt Jan-Mels , Wyss Urs 
Published: September 2017

Objective: Tibiofemoral geometries in a total knee replacement (TKR) affect the performance of an implant during activities of daily living. The specially shaped components of a surface-guided TKR aim to control the tibiofemoral motion, such that a normal pattern of motion is achieved, even at high flexion angles. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of the design parameters on the kinematic behavior of such an implant. A combination of design variables was determined that resulted in the least deviation from the design kinematic target. Methods: Six major design variables were considered to generate customized surface-guided TKR candidates. The contribution of these variables was evaluated by principal component analysis considering the input design variables and the results of the kinematic performance from a virtual simulation of deep squatting. The tibial internal–external rotation and the anterior–posterior translation of the medial and lateral femoral condyles were recorded for each design candidate. A quantified objective function of the kinematic behavior was used to define the design with a maximum agreement with the target pattern of motion. Results: The location and orientation of the flexion–extension axis and the tibial slope were the most contributing parameters on the modes of variation. On the other hand, the conformity between the lateral guiding arcs had the least contribution. Conclusion: Virtual simulation showed that the current TKR reached deep flexion angles under squat load, while the tibia pivoted around the medial center. The tibial rotation was within the expected range of the IE rotation from healthy joints.
Retrosplenial and postsubicular head direction cells compared during visual landmark discrimination
Authors: Lozano Yave Roberto , Page Hector , Jacob Pierre-Yves , Lomi Eleonora , Street James , Jeffery Kate 
Published: September 2017

Background: Visual landmarks are used by head direction (HD) cells to establish and help update the animal’s representation of head direction, for use in orientation and navigation. Two cortical regions that are connected to primary visual areas, postsubiculum (PoS) and retrosplenial cortex (RSC), possess HD cells: we investigated whether they differ in how they process visual landmarks. Methods: We compared PoS and RSC HD cell activity from tetrode-implanted rats exploring an arena in which correct HD orientation required discrimination of two opposing landmarks having high, moderate or low discriminability. Results: RSC HD cells had higher firing rates than PoS HD cells and slightly lower modulation by angular head velocity, and anticipated actual head direction by ~48 ms, indicating that RSC spiking leads PoS spiking. Otherwise, we saw no differences in landmark processing, in that HD cells in both regions showed equal responsiveness to and discrimination of the cues, with cells in both regions having unipolar directional tuning curves and showing better discrimination of the highly discriminable cues. There was a small spatial component to the signal in some cells, consistent with their role in interacting with the place cell navigation system, and there was also slight modulation by running speed. Neither region showed theta modulation of HD cell spiking. Conclusions: That the cells can immediately respond to subtle differences in spatial landmarks is consistent with rapid processing of visual snapshots or scenes; similarities in PoS and RSC responding may be due either to similar computations being performed on the visual inputs, or to rapid sharing of information between these regions. More generally, this two-cue HD cell paradigm may be a useful method for testing rapid spontaneous visual discrimination capabilities in other experimental settings.