bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can coagulopathy in post‐partum hemorrhage predict maternal morbidity?
Authors: Oh Kyung Joon , Hong Joon‐Seok , Youm Jina , Cho Soo‐hyun , Jung Eun Young 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical implications of coagulopathy in women with post‐partum hemorrhage (PPH).MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 262 consecutive women referred for management of PPH at a single tertiary hospital between 2009 and 2012. We reviewed medical records, including vital signs at arrival, laboratory values (hemoglobin, prothrombin time international normalized ratio [PT‐INR], platelet, fibrinogen), and total amount of transfused blood product. Results of arterial embolization, need for hysterectomy, and significant morbidity such as pulmonary edema, endometritis or brain lesions were reviewed. Multivariate logistic analysis was used to identify risk of massive transfusion and significant morbidity.ResultsThe prevalence of coagulopathy (PT‐INR > 1.5) was 29.3% (77/262). Of the 262 women, pelvic arterial embolization was performed in 153 women, and was successful in 146 (95.4%). Hysterectomy was performed in 18 women (6.2%). The presence of coagulopathy led to increased risk for massive transfusion (odds ratio [OR], 23.96; 95%CI: 11.65–49.27), hysterectomy (OR, 9.94; 95%CI: 3.16–31.33), and significant morbidity (OR, 9.37; 95%CI: 4.95–17.75). Even after adjusting for other confounding factors, coagulopathy was independently associated with massive transfusion (adjusted OR, 12.24; 95%CI: 4.49–14.28), hysterectomy (adjusted OR, 4.66; 95%CI: 1.12–19.48), and significant morbidity (adjusted OR, 4.67; 95%CI: 2.05–10.64).ConclusionCoagulopathy in PPH is the single most important predictor for massive transfusion and hysterectomy, and is related to maternal morbidity.
Assessing wind and mammals as seed dispersal vectors in an invasive legume
Authors: Quick Z I , Houseman G R , Büyüktahtakin İ Esra 
Published: October 2016

SummaryWhile some plants have modified seed structures to facilitate dispersal, many lack such specialised adaptations, making their mode of dispersal unclear. This can be particularly problematic for predicting shifts in species ranges or tracking the spread of invasive plants. As an example, the seed size and shape of the invasive legume, Lespedeza cuneata, suggest that wind and attachment to animals are not important for dispersal, yet populations can spread surprising distances within a few years. Using a series of experiments conducted in the laboratory and field, we tested wind and mammal fur as mediators of seed dispersal. To test wind dispersal, seed traps were arranged radially around a patch of L. cuneata and seeds were collected following dispersal. Attachment to mammal fur was tested by fitting pelts of a deer, coyote and raccoon to artificial torsos and determining seed retention in both the field and the laboratory. Laboratory trials also examined the influence of wet versus dry conditions. Our results showed that wind direction strongly influenced dispersal distance and seeds were readily dispersed by mammal fur. The number of seeds retained was species specific, depending on fur depth and mammal size, with seed retention increasing under wet conditions. Together, these results suggest that both wind and mammal fur contribute to the movement of L. cuneata across grasslands. Consequently, both dispersal vectors should be considered when designing and implementing control strategies.
OPTIMIZATION OF BATCH CONDITIONS FOR THE REMOVAL OF BORON BY AMBERLITE IR743
Authors: Nallappan Madana Leela , Mahmoud Nasef Mohamed , Ahmad Arshad 
Published: October 2016

This study is aimed at optimizing the treatment parameters in boron adsorption using a commercial resin, Amberlite IRA 743, via response surface methodology (RSM). The effect of adsorbent dosage, pH and initial boric acid concentration were optimized using RSM in order to obtain high removal efficiencies at low adsorbent dosage and pH levels and high concentrations. The central composite design (CCD) was used to generate the experimental design. The experiments were conducted in a batch process according to the experimental design obtained. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to obtain a statistical validation of regression models and to study the interaction between treatment parameters. The optimum conditions recommended by the developed model for 100% removal efficiency , was at adsorbent dosage, pH and initial boron concentration of 51g/L, pH 7 and 40mg/L.
EFFECT OF CYLINDER DEACTIVATION STRATEGIES ON ENGINE PERFORMANCES USING ONE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Hamid Izwan , Muhamad Said Mohd Farid , Mohamed Soid Shahril Nizam , Nasution Henry 
Published: October 2016

In order to meet consumer and legislation requirements, big investments on key technology strategies have been made to ensure fuel consumption is reduced. Recent technologies for gasoline engines are lean combustion technologies (including direct injection and homogenous charged compression ignition), optimizing intake and exhaust valve timing with valve lift and also cylinder deactivation system (CDA) have been practised to improve the engine efficiency. The purpose of this study is to investigate the engine behavior when running at different cylinder deactivation (CDA) strategies. One-dimensional engine model software called GT-Power is used to predict the engine performances. Five strategies were considered namely normal mode, spark plug off mode, cylinder deactivation mode, intake normal with exhaust off mode, and intake off with exhaust normal mode. Engine performance outputs of each strategy are predicted and compared at BMEP of 3 bars with engine speed of 2500 rpm. Also, the effect of CDA strategies on in-cylinder pressure and pumping loss are performed. The study shows that all of these cylinder deactivation strategies are capable of reducing the pumping loss (PMEP) and fuel consumption, thus increasing the thermal efficiency of the engine. The results suggest that the most beneficial strategy for activating CDA is for the case whereby both the intake and exhaust valves are kept closed. This CDA mode capable of increasing brake thermal efficiency up to 22% at entire engine speeds operation. This strategy successfully reduced the BSFC. It was found that most of these cylinder deactivation strategies improve the engine performance during part load engine condition
JOULE HEATING EFFECT REDUCTION OF AN ELECTROMAGNET SYSTEM UTILIZING ON-CHIP MAGNETIC CORE
Authors: Abidin Ummikalsom , Yunas Jumril , Majlis Burhanuddin Yeop 
Published: October 2016

Joule heating effect is substantial in an electromagnet system due to high density current from current-carrying conductor for high magnetic field generation. In Lab-on-chip (LoC) Magnetically Activated Cell Sorting (MACS) device, Joule heating effect generating high temperature and affecting the biological cells viability is investigated. The temperature rise of the integrated system was measured using resistance temperature detector, RTD Pt100. Three temperature rise conditions which are from the bare spiral-shaped magnet wire, the combination of magnet wire and on-chip magnetic core and combination of magnet wire, on-chip magnetic core and 150 mm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer have been investigated. The combination of electromagnet of spiral-shaped magnet wire coil and on-chip magnetic core has reduced the temperature significantly which are, ~ 38 % and ~ 26 % with magnet wire winding, N = 10 (IDC = 3.0 A, t = 210 s) and N = 20 (IDC = 2.5 A, t = 210 s) respectively. The reduced Joule heating effect is expected due to silicon chip of high thermal conductivity material enable fast heat dissipation to the surrounding. Therefore, the integration of electromagnet system and on-chip magnetic core has the potential to be used as part of LoC MACS system provided the optimum operating conditions are determined
Fesyen Wanita Menurut Perspektif Islam dan Kesannya Terhadap Kesejahteraan Fizikal dan Spiritual
Authors: Othman Rashidah , Muhamad Siti Norlina , Mohd Yusof Farahwahida , Wan Harun Muhammad Amir 
Published: October 2016

Fashion is the popular or the latest style of clothing or behaviour that evolves with time. Fashion may influence the way of living of the society. The current fashion scene presents to the general public an abundance of fashion trends. However, most of them tend to accentuate the figure of the wearer which does not meet the concept of covering aurah properly, with designs that are see-through or close-fitting. This matter must be taken into consideration since covering the aurah is compulsory in the Islamic Law. This article, therefore, discusses women fashion according to the Islamic perspective and its impact on their physical and spiritual health. From the physical aspect, dressing according to the Islamic way can balance the stimulation of the hormone and mind. In addition to regulating the body temperature through the head, it coordinates the balance between a healthy body and good brain functioning. It also aids in the development of a great intellect and motivation, and it encourages the development of positive behaviour. Meanwhile, from the spiritual aspect, it deepens their faith and piety to Allah, as well as gives high confidence and self-esteem in the women. It also preserves their dignity and honour. Hence, the fundamentals of the fashion design that is based on the Islamic way of dressing are beneficial in attaining the blessings from Allah and maintaining a good health.
A depth‐sensing technique on 3D‐printed compensator for total body irradiation patient measurement and treatment planning
Authors: Lee Min‐Young , Han Bin , Jenkins Cesare , Xing Lei , Suh Tae‐Suk 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe purpose of total body irradiation (TBI) techniques is to deliver a uniform radiation dose to the entire volume of a patient's body. Due to variations in the thickness of the patient, it is difficult to produce such a uniform dose distribution throughout the body. In many techniques, a compensator is used to adjust the dose delivered to various sections of the patient. The current study aims to develop and validate an innovative method of using depth‐sensing cameras and 3D printing techniques for TBI treatment planning and compensator fabrication.MethodsA tablet with an integrated depth‐sensing camera and motion tracking sensors was used to scan a RANDO™ phantom positioned in a TBI treatment booth to detect and store the 3D surface in a point cloud format. The accuracy of the detected surface was evaluated by comparing extracted body thickness measurements with corresponding measurements from computed tomography (CT) scan images. The thickness, source to surface distance, and off‐axis distance of the phantom at different body section were measured for TBI treatment planning. A detailed compensator design was calculated to achieve a uniform dose distribution throughout the phantom. The compensator was fabricated using a 3D printer, silicone molding, and a mixture of wax and tungsten powder. In vivo dosimetry measurements were performed using optically stimulated luminescent detectors.ResultsThe scan of the phantom took approximately 30 s. The mean error for thickness measurements at each section of phantom relative to CT was 0.48 ± 0.27 cm. The average fabrication error for the 3D‐printed compensator was 0.16 ± 0.15 mm. In vivo measurements for an end‐to‐end test showed that overall dose differences were within 5%.ConclusionsA technique for planning and fabricating a compensator for TBI treatment using a depth camera equipped tablet and a 3D printer was demonstrated to be sufficiently accurate to be considered for further investigation.
ϕX174 Procapsid Assembly: Effects of an Inhibitory External Scaffolding Protein and Resistant Coat Proteins
In Vitro
Authors: Cherwa James E. , Tyson Joshua , Bedwell Gregory J. , Brooke Dewey , Edwards Ashton G. , Dokland Terje , Prevelige Peter E. , Fane Bentley A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

During ϕX174 morphogenesis, 240 copies of the external scaffolding protein D organize 12 pentameric assembly intermediates into procapsids, a reaction reconstituted
in vitro
. In previous studies, ϕX174 strains resistant to exogenously expressed dominant lethal D genes were experimentally evolved. Resistance was achieved by the stepwise acquisition of coat protein mutations. Once resistance was established, a stimulatory D protein mutation that greatly increased strain fitness arose. In this study,
in vitro
biophysical and biochemical methods were utilized to elucidate the mechanistic details and evolutionary trade-offs created by the resistance mutations. The kinetics of procapsid formation was analyzed
in vitro
using wild-type, inhibitory, and experimentally evolved coat and scaffolding proteins. Our data suggest that viral fitness is correlated with
in vitro
assembly kinetics and demonstrate that
in vivo
experimental evolution can be analyzed within an
in vitro
biophysical context.

IMPORTANCE
Experimental evolution is an extremely valuable tool. Comparisons between ancestral and evolved genotypes suggest hypotheses regarding adaptive mechanisms. However, it is not always possible to rigorously test these hypotheses
in vivo
. We applied
in vitro
biophysical and biochemical methods to elucidate the mechanistic details that allowed an experimentally evolved virus to become resistant to an antiviral protein and then evolve a productive use for that protein. Moreover, our results indicate that the respective roles of scaffolding and coat proteins may have been redistributed during the evolution of a two-scaffolding-protein system. In one-scaffolding-protein virus assembly systems, coat proteins promiscuously interact to form heterogeneous aberrant structures in the absence of scaffolding proteins. Thus, the scaffolding protein controls fidelity. During ϕX174 assembly, the external scaffolding protein acts like a coat protein, self-associating into large aberrant spherical structures in the absence of coat protein, whereas the coat protein appears to control fidelity.
Transcriptional Silencing of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus in Human Embryonic Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Wang Gary Z. , Goff Stephen P. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells are malignant counterparts of embryonic stem (ES) cells and serve as useful models for investigating cellular differentiation and human embryogenesis. Though the susceptibility of murine EC cells to retroviral infection has been extensively analyzed, few studies of retrovirus infection of human EC cells have been performed. We tested the susceptibility of human EC cells to transduction by retroviral vectors derived from three different retroviral genera. We show that human EC cells efficiently express reporter genes delivered by vectors based on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV) but not Moloney murine leukemia virus (MLV). In human EC cells, MLV integration occurs normally, but no viral gene expression is observed. The block to MLV expression of MLV genomes is relieved upon cellular differentiation. The lack of gene expression is correlated with transcriptional silencing of the MLV promoter through the deposition of repressive histone marks as well as DNA methylation. Moreover, depletion of SETDB1, a histone methyltransferase, resulted in a loss of transcriptional silencing and upregulation of MLV gene expression. Finally, we provide evidence showing that the lack of MLV gene expression may be attributed in part to the lack of MLV enhancer function in human EC cells.

IMPORTANCE
Human embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells are shown to restrict the expression of murine leukemia virus genomes but not retroviral genomes of the lentiviral or betaretroviral families. The block occurs at the level of transcription and is accompanied by the deposition of repressive histone marks and methylation of the integrated proviral DNA. The host machinery required for silencing in human EC cells is distinct from that in murine EC cell lines: the histone methyltransferase SETDB1 is required, but the widely utilized corepressor TRIM28/Kap1 is not. A transcriptional enhancer element from the Mason-Pfizer monkey virus can override the silencing and promote transcription of chimeric proviral DNAs. The findings reveal novel features of human EC gene regulation not present in their murine counterparts.
Deconstructing the Antiviral Neutralizing-Antibody Response: Implications for Vaccine Development and Immunity
Authors: VanBlargan Laura A. , Goo Leslie , Pierson Theodore C. 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARY
The antibody response plays a key role in protection against viral infections. While antiviral antibodies may reduce the viral burden via several mechanisms, the ability to directly inhibit (neutralize) infection of cells has been extensively studied. Eliciting a neutralizing-antibody response is a goal of many vaccine development programs and commonly correlates with protection from disease. Considerable insights into the mechanisms of neutralization have been gained from studies of monoclonal antibodies, yet the individual contributions and dynamics of the repertoire of circulating antibody specificities elicited by infection and vaccination are poorly understood on the functional and molecular levels. Neutralizing antibodies with the most protective functionalities may be a rare component of a polyclonal, pathogen-specific antibody response, further complicating efforts to identify the elements of a protective immune response. This review discusses advances in deconstructing polyclonal antibody responses to flavivirus infection or vaccination. Our discussions draw comparisons to HIV-1, a virus with a distinct structure and replication cycle for which the antibody response has been extensively investigated. Progress toward deconstructing and understanding the components of polyclonal antibody responses identifies new targets and challenges for vaccination strategies.
Prognosis assessment of persistent left bundle branch block after TAVI by an electrophysiological and remote monitoring risk-adapted algorithm: rationale and design of the multicentre LBBB–TAVI Study
Authors: Massoullié Grégoire , Bordachar Pierre , Irles Didier , Caussin Christophe , Da Costa Antoine , Defaye Pascal , Jean Frédéric , Mechulan Alexis , Mondoly Pierre , Souteyrand Géraud , Pereira Bruno , Ploux Sylvain , Eschalier Romain 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionPercutaneous aortic valve replacement (transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)) notably increases the likelihood of the appearance of a complete left bundle branch block (LBBB) by direct lesion of the LBB of His. This block can lead to high-grade atrioventricular conduction disturbances responsible for a poorer prognosis. The management of this complication remains controversial.Method and analysisThe screening of LBBB after TAVI persisting for more than 24 hours will be conducted by surface ECG. Stratification will be performed by post-TAVI intracardiac electrophysiological study. Patients at high risk of conduction disturbances (≥70 ms His–ventricle interval (HV) or presence of infra-Hisian block) will be implanted with a pacemaker enabling the recording of disturbance episodes. Those at lower risk (HV <70 ms) will be implanted with a loop recorder device with remote monitoring of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs). Clinical, ECG and implanted device follow-up will also be performed at 3, 6 and 12 months. The primary objective is to assess the efficacy and safety of a decisional algorithm based on electrophysiological study and remote monitoring of CIEDs in the prediction of high-grade conduction disturbances in patients with LBBB after TAVI. The primary end point is to compare the incidence (rate and time to onset) of high-grade conduction disturbances in patients with LBBB after TAVI between the two groups at 12 months. Given the proportion of high-grade conduction disturbances (20–40%), a sample of 200 subjects will allow a margin of error of 6–7%. The LBBB–TAVI Study has been in an active recruiting phase since September 2015 (21 patients already included).Ethics and disseminationLocal ethics committee authorisation was obtained in May 2015. We will publish findings from this study in a peer-reviewed scientific journal and present results at national and international conferences.Trial registration numberNCT02482844; Pre-results.
Development of a high-value care culture survey: a modified Delphi process and psychometric evaluation
Authors: Gupta Reshma , Moriates Christopher , Harrison James D , Valencia Victoria , Ong Michael , Clarke Robin , Steers Neil , Hays Ron D , Braddock Clarence H , Wachter Robert 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundOrganisational culture affects physician behaviours. Patient safety culture surveys have previously been used to drive care improvements, but no comparable survey of high-value care culture currently exists. We aimed to develop a High-Value Care Culture Survey (HVCCS) for use by healthcare leaders and training programmes to target future improvements in value-based care.MethodsWe conducted a two-phase national modified Delphi process among 28 physicians and nurse experts with diverse backgrounds. We then administered a cross-sectional survey at two large academic medical centres in 2015 among 162 internal medicine residents and 91 hospitalists for psychometric evaluation.ResultsTwenty-six (93%) experts completed the first phase and 22 (85%) experts completed the second phase of the modified Delphi process. Thirty-eight items achieved ≥70% consensus and were included in the survey. One hundred and forty-one residents (83%) and 73 (73%) hospitalists completed the survey. From exploratory factor analyses, four factors emerged with strong reliability: (1) leadership and health system messaging (α=0.94); (2) data transparency and access (α=0.80); (3) comfort with cost conversations (α=0.70); and (4) blame-free environment (α=0.70). In confirmatory factor analysis, this four-factor model fit the data well (Bentler-Bonett Normed Fit Index 0.976 and root mean square residual 0.056). The leadership and health system messaging (r=0.56, p<0.001), data transparency and access (r=0.15, p<0.001) and blame-free environment (r=0.37, p<0.001) domains differed significantly between institutions and positively correlated with Value-Based Purchasing Scores.ConclusionsOur results provide support for the reliability and validity of the HVCCS to assess high-value care culture among front-line clinicians. HVCCS may be used by healthcare groups to identify target areas for improvements and to monitor the effects of high-value care initiatives.
Research on the influence of transparent vacuum encapsulation quartz tuning fork on the photo-thermoelastic spectroscopy of acetylene
Authors: Zhang Zhouqiang , Jia Shuhai , Wang Yonglin , Tang Zhenhua , Wang Fei 
Published: October 2016

In this paper, a transparent vacuum-encapsulated quartz tuning fork (QTF) is proposed for the first time to improve the quality factor and sensitivity of QTF sensors. Increasing the vacuum considerably improved the quality factor of QTF, and the resonance frequency was also shifted to higher values to 10 Hz. Subsequently, the spectroscopy detection of acetylene gas using an exposed QTF and a transparent vacuum-encapsulated QTF was investigated. The sensitivity of the detection system improved in the presence of the transparent vacuum-sealed QTF. The current findings represent a gateway to subsequent research in photo-thermoelastic spectroscopy.