bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Evaluation of a Hospital-Based Palliative Care Program
Authors: Isenberg Sarina R. , Lu Chunhua , McQuade John , Razzak Rab , Weir Brian W. , Gill Natasha , Smith Thomas J. , Holtgrave David R. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose: Establish costs of an inpatient palliative care unit (PCU) and conduct a threshold analysis to estimate the maximum possible costs for the PCU to be considered cost effective. Methods: We used a hospital perspective to determine costs on the basis of claims from administrative data from Johns Hopkins PCU between March 2013 and March 2014. Using existing literature, we estimated the number of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) that the PCU could generate. We conducted a threshold analysis to assess the maximum costs for the PCU to be considered cost effective, incorporating willingness to pay ($180,000 per QALY). Three types of costs were considered, which included variable costs alone, contribution margin (ie, revenue minus variable costs), and PCU cost savings compared with usual care (from a separate publication). Results: The data showed that there were 153 patient encounters (PEs), variable costs of $1,050,031 ($1,343 per PE per day), a contribution margin of $318,413 ($407 per PE per day), and savings compared with usual care of $353,645 ($452 savings per PE per day). On the basis of the literature, the program could generate 3.11 QALYs from PEs (0.05 QALY) and caregivers (3.06 QALYs). The threshold analysis determined that the maximum variable cost required to be cost effective was $559,800 (an additional $716 per PE per day could be spent). Conclusion: According to variable costs, the PCU was not cost effective; however, when considering savings of the PCU compared with usual care, the PCU was cost saving. The contribution margin showed that the PCU was cost saving. This study supports efforts to expand PCUs, which enhance care for patients and their caregivers and can generate hospital savings. Future research should prospectively explore the cost utility of PCUs.
Morphology Design of Crystalline and Polymer Materials from Nanoscopic to Macroscopic Scales
Authors: Oaki Yuya 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Morphology of molecules and materials has significant impact on properties and functions. At molecular and nanometer scales, morphologies of molecules and their organized state are controlled by molecular design and synthesis. This account focuses on morphologies of crystalline and polymer materials from nanometer to macroscopic scales. A good model for morphology control is found in nature. Biominerals form inorganic–organic composites with hierarchically organized morphologies under mild conditions. We found the overlooked biological strategy for the morphogenesis from the nanocrystals and the macromolecules. Inspired by biological approaches, hierarchically organized morphologies of crystals were prepared through controlled growth in the presence of organic polymers. The bioinspired approaches are regarded as polymer-controlled crystallization. Recently, we developed the reverse approach, namely crystal-controlled polymerization. The hierarchical morphology control of organic and inorganic polymer materials was achieved by using crystals. Morphology design and control of materials have potential for improvement of performance and emergence of unprecedented properties. The present account summarizes basic findings of the overlooked biological strategy, polymer-mediated crystallization, and crystal-mediated polymerization.
MicroRNA Profiling Reveals Marker of Motor Neuron Disease in ALS Models
Authors: Hoye Mariah L. , Koval Erica D. , Wegener Amy J. , Hyman Theodore S. , Yang Chengran , O'Brien David R. , Miller Rebecca L. , Cole Tracy , Schoch Kathleen M. , Shen Tao , Kunikata Tomonori , Richard Jean-Philippe , Gutmann David H. , Maragakis Nicholas J. , Kordasiewicz Holly B. , Dougherty Joseph D. , Miller Timothy M. 
Published: April 2017

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by the loss of motor neurons (MNs) in the brain and spinal cord, leading to fatally debilitating weakness. Because this disease predominantly affects MNs, we aimed to characterize the distinct expression profile of that cell type to elucidate underlying disease mechanisms and to identify novel targets that inform on MN health during ALS disease time course. microRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that can shape the expression profile of a cell and thus often exhibit cell-type-enriched expression. To determine MN-enriched miRNA expression, we used Cre recombinase-dependent miRNA tagging and affinity purification in mice. By defining thein vivomiRNA expression of MNs, all neurons, astrocytes, and microglia, we then focused on MN-enriched miRNAs via a comparative analysis and found that they may functionally distinguish MNs postnatally from other spinal neurons. Characterizing the levels of the MN-enriched miRNAs in CSF harvested from ALS models of MN disease demonstrated that one miRNA (miR-218) tracked with MN loss and was responsive to an ALS therapy in rodent models. Therefore, we have used cellular expression profiling tools to define the distinct miRNA expression of MNs, which is likely to enrich future studies of MN disease. This approach enabled the development of a novel, drug-responsive marker of MN disease in ALS rodents.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease in which motor neurons (MNs) in the brain and spinal cord are selectively lost. To develop tools to aid in our understanding of the distinct expression profiles of MNs and, ultimately, to monitor MN disease progression, we identified small regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) that were highly enriched or exclusive in MNs. The signal for one of these MN-enriched miRNAs is detectable in spinal tap biofluid from an ALS rat model, where its levels change as disease progresses, suggesting that it may be a clinically useful marker of disease status. Furthermore, rats treated with ALS therapy have restored expression of this MN RNA marker, making it an MN-specific and drug-responsive marker for ALS rodents.
A legjelentősebb angiogeneticus gének méhlepényi expressziójának változásai a méhen belüli növekedési visszamaradás hátterében
Authors: Kovács Péter , Rab Attila , Szentpéteri Imre , Joó József Gábor , Kornya László 
Published: April 2017

Abstract: Placental vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) gene and endoglin gene are both overexpressed in placental samples obtained from pregnancies with intrauterine growth restriction compared to normal pregnancies. In the background of these changes a mechanism can be supposed, in which the increased endoglin activity in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) leads to impaired placental circulation through an antioangiogenetic effect. This results in the development of placental vascular dysfunction and chronic fetal hypoxia. It is chronic hypoxia that turns on VEGF-A as a compensatory mechanism to improve fetal vascular blood supply by promoting placental blood vessel formation. Although the maternal serum placental growth factor (PlGF) level is a potential predictor for both IUGR and praeeclampsia, placental PlGF gene activity may be less of an active in the regulation of placental circulation in IUGR pregnancies during the later stages of gestation. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(16), 612–617.
Reutilización de aguas y ocio: Campos de golf
Authors: Ortuño-Padilla Armando , Fernández-Aracil Patricia 
Published: April 2017

El espectacular aumento de campos de golf en el levante español durante las últimas décadas unido a la creciente preocupación sobre la sostenibilidad de los recursos hídricos ha suscitado un intenso debate sobre la relación entre los campos de golf y complejos inmobiliarios asociados y sus necesidades hídricas. Así, este artículo hará referencia a las tipologías emergentes de complejos urbanísticos ligados a campos de golf como punto de partida de análisis. A continuación, se hará un repaso a las necesidades de riego de un campo de golf y las posibilidades de reutilización, estimando el número de viviendas necesarias en el complejo urbanístico para que el campo de golf se pueda regar íntegramente con los efluentes depurados de las viviendas anexas al campo —2.000-3.000 viviendas—. El tema finalizará con un repaso a la legislación sobre el riego de campos de golf.
Induced mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency studies on Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp).
Authors: Ariraman M. , Bharathi T. , Dhanavel D. 
Published: April 2017

<p>The present investigation was carried out to study mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays and EMS treatments in Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp) Var CO-7. The relative effectiveness and efficiency of the both mutagen used was assessed from the data on biological damage in M1 generation and frequency of chlorophyll and viable mutants in M2 generation. The spectrum of chlorophyll mutants such as xantha, albino, chlorina and viridis, viable mutants like tall, dwarf, early flower, early maturity, late maturity, bushy, high yield and seed mutants were observed in both the mutagenic treatments. Among the chlorophyll mutants xantha was found more in number. The mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency were found to be higher at 20KR of gamma irradiation and 25mM of EMS. The mutation rate of gamma rays was higher in terms of effectiveness than that of EMS. More number of chlorophyll and viable mutants was induced in gamma rays treatment when compared EMS treatment.</p>
RIGHT TO HEALTH IN INDIA
Authors: Satapathy Ramakanta , Das Bikram Kumar 
Published: April 2017

<p>Right to health is recognized by the constitution of India. The Constitution of World Health Organization states that, “Health is a State of Complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of diseases or infirmity.” Right to health presupposes that, “ it is the duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and standard of living of the people for good health. The apex court of India declared that Right to health is a fundamental right coming within Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. Right to health and health care needs multi-disciplinary services to monitor health condition of life. It is a huge task requires effective management and organized action. In this article an attempt is made to introspect the right to health within the constitutional parameters, international provisions and judicial decisions of Supreme Court. In this work doctrinal method is adopted to draw the conclusion. </p>
Ethnomedicinal Plants used for curing various Skin diseases in Shopian district of Jammu and Kashmir.
Authors: Khanday Zakir Hussain , Singh Sumer 
Published: April 2017

<p>Medicinal plants are used by tribals&amp; local people in shopian (j&amp;k) in the treatment of various skin diseases, like dandruff, rash hairfall, Dermatitis etc. Traditional methods of disease treatment using medicinal plant is predominant among rural &amp; tribal communities of shopian Kashmir. The district shopian has a rich flora of medicinal plants with diverse biological properties. Ethnomedicinal survey with respect to use of local medicinal plants for curing skin problems was carried out during the summer seasons of 2015-2016. Present investigation reveals that 25 Ethnomedicinal plant species belonging to 21 families are being commonly used for skin diseases. An inventory of traditional knowledge about medicinal plants used in skin diseases by local &amp; tribal people as home remedies/ folk medicine has been complied. <strong></strong></p>
Intramedullary Nailing with a Suprapatellar Approach and Condylar Bolts for the Treatment of Bicondylar Fractures of the Tibial Plateau
Authors: Garnavos Christos 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Bicondylar tibial plateau fractures have been treated with either plating or external fixation techniques, with conflicting results. A recently introduced technique involving the combined use of intramedullary nailing via a suprapatellar approach and condylar bolts could represent a new pathway toward better treatment of this severe injury.

Methods:
The present report describes a retrospective and prospective study of all 17 patients (age range, 25 to 75 years) who were admitted under the author’s care for the treatment of a closed, bicondylar tibial plateau fracture between 2013 and 2015. All patients consented to undergo fixation of the fracture with intramedullary nailing through a suprapatellar approach and with use of condylar bolts. The reconstructed articular surface was supported with freeze-dried allograft that had been previously soaked in concentrated bone marrow. The patients were followed at regular intervals, and the results were assessed with the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).

Results:
All patients were followed for at least 1 year (average and standard deviation, 25.23 ± 8.95 months; range, 12 to 46 months). All fractures united clinically and radiographically between 10 and 22 weeks (average, 15.1 ± 2.91 weeks), with no instances of neurovascular complication, infection, or implant failure. One patient underwent early revision of the fixation because of unsatisfactory reduction of the articular surface, and 1 patient had secondary fracture displacement. One condylar bolt was removed after fracture healing because of irritation at the insertion site. However, all patients regained knee motion without physiotherapy and all were fully weight-bearing by the fifth postoperative month.

Conclusions:
The short and intermediate-term results associated with the use of the proposed technique appear to be satisfactory. However, the effectiveness of the technique should be reassessed with long-term studies as well as comparative studies involving other fixation techniques.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Analisis Sifat Mekanik Material Komposit Ecenggondok Berbahan Filler Ampas Singkong Dengan Matrik Polyester
Authors: Karyanik Karyanik , Herlina Sari Nasmi 
Published: April 2017

The using of composits material currently more developed together with the using of it from the simpler like larges of housing tools to industry sector.The composite resech supported by fiber of eichhornia crassipes solms that has filler of cassava waste that has functions to know tensile strength and impact strength.This reseach used the various added of cassava waste , 0, 20, 25, and 30 (% of weight) and using of polyester resin matrix, the form of the composite speciment is plat with the fractions volume eichhornia crassipes solms fiber 20 % (constant), the fiber length 25 mm, because methode to found eichhornia crassipes solms fiber using methode of manual so that nothing of fibers have cuality and length with the same.Composite manufacturing process carried out by the methode of hand lay up with emphasis manually using glass as a mold and pressure.The results tensile reseach founded that lests of filler as used so that the higest that tensile strength, the highest tensile strength at variations added of cassava waste 0 % ( 9,311 N/mm2 ) and for impact strength the biggest added of cassava waste so that the highest energy to fight of materials , the high tensile strength found in the variations added of cassava waste 25 % ( 0,018282 J/mm2 ).
A pesca artesanal na Baía Sul da Ilha de Santa Catarina: um patrimônio da cultura local
Authors: Pinho Ricardo 
Published: April 2017

A pesca artesanal praticada na Baía Sul da Ilha de Santa Catarina constitui uma atividade econômica cuja história remonta, pelo menos, ao período colonial. Os colonos açorianos que ocuparam a ilha no século XVIII já tinham na pesca uma de suas principais atividades de subsistência e renda. Ao longo do tempo, todo um conjunto de saberes e mesmo um modo de vida foram elaborados em torno dessa atividade, que se encontra hoje em franco declínio. Este artigo procura apresentar,com base especialmente na memória e no depoimento de velhos pescadores, alguns dos elementos que compõem o complexo sistema de saberes e práticas pertencentes a essa atividade.
Interdisciplinaridade entre História e Arqueologia: diálogos entre cultura material guarani e relatos de viajantes no século xvi em Santa Catarina
Authors: Bandeira Dione Da Rocha , Da Costa do Amaral Vitor Marilone Cidral , Meira Roberta Barros 
Published: April 2017

O presente trabalho busca fazer um diálogo entre a Arqueologia e aHistória. Diante disso, utiliza-se fontes documentais, como os relatos de Hans Staden (1549) e Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca (1541), ao mesmo tempo em que recorre a informações sobre a presença de grupos Guarani a partir dos vestígios arqueológicos, como as cerâmicas. Este trabalho vincula-se ao projeto guarda-chuvaintitulado “Cultura material e patrimônio arqueológico pré-colonial da Costa Leste da ilha de São Francisco do Sul/SC – contribuição para uma arqueologia da paisagem costeira e estudos de etnicidade”, desenvolvido no Mestrado em Patrimônio Cultural e Sociedade da Univille. O objetivo é compreender as ocupações Guarani no litoral deSanta Catarina e o conhecimento indígena de rotas terrestres que ligavam o Atlântico até o Oeste. Explica-se assim a escolha por um trabalho interdisciplinar, que parte da História e da Arqueologia para trazer novos elementos para a História Indígena.
Escalas de desarrollo y construcción de una herramienta tecnológica dirigida a la estimulación de la niñez con riesgo biológico neonatal
Authors: Garrido Sandino Ana Lupita , Madriz Bermúdez Linda 
Published: April 2017

Existen numerosas investigaciones y estudios que hacen referencia a la plasticidad cerebral como forma de favorecer la habilitación y rehabilitación de estructuras y funciones que se pueden ver comprometidas ante la presencia de factores de riesgo biológico neonatal. La detección oportuna de éstos permite la estimulación y atención temprana de las áreas que se ven afectadas de modo que se minimice la presencia de secuelas temporales o permanentes que puedan derivar en una condición de discapacidad.La investigación desarrollada por Baxter, Madriz, Meléndez, Mora, Hidalgo, y Solano (2013) muestra la importancia de la atención temprana dirigida a esta población infantil así como la necesidad de que las familias se involucren. Por tanto, se requiere de la valoración del desarrollo infantil por medio de escalas válidas y confiables. Se realiza una revisión sistemática de doce investigaciones referentes a la aplicación de escalas de desarrollo infantil y la estimulación temprana, publicadas en Latinoamérica y España. Asimismo, se presenta la propuesta de los investigadores costarricenses para desarrollar una herramienta web de valoración y estimulación temprana.
Realidad aumentada como tecnología aplicada a la educación superior: Una experiencia en desarrollo
Authors: Badilla Quesada Mario , Sandoval Poveda Ana María 
Published: April 2017

El estudio forma parte del trabajo realizado por la Red de investigación para el desarrollo de conocimientos y propuestas tecnológicas innovadoras aplicables a la educación superior a distancia de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) de Costa Rica, sobre el tema de la Realidad Aumentada (RA). El trabajo comprende tanto el estado del arte como las acciones concretas dentro del ámbito universitario en este campo. El objetivo del material es mostrar las bases del trabajo con RA desarrollado en los últimos años y presentar el proceso de evolución de esta tecnología como potenciadora de la comunicación, así como su utilidad para la innovación educacional.
La motivación como una percepción de calidad en dos asignaturas de investigación educativa de la UNED, Costa Rica
Authors: Ruiz Chaves Warner 
Published: April 2017

Las asignaturas impartidas mediante entornos virtuales de aprendizaje posibilitan el desarrollo de muchas opciones de formación a los sistemas educativos modernos. Ante tal panorama, es importante conocer y estudiar los diferentes elementos que pueden propiciar ofertas formativas de calidad, no solo para el centro educativo mismo, sino desde la perspectiva de quien cursa dichas ofertas ya que el solo hecho de realizar un curso en línea con apoyo de recursos informáticos no garantiza el éxito. A este respecto, el presente documento realiza una breve descripción de la percepción de calidad que poseen los estudiantes de las asignaturas de “Investigación Educativa” y “Administración del Currículo” de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica (UNED) sobre la motivación, elemento necesario para el aseguramiento de la calidad en todo proceso formativo no presencial. La investigación se llevo a cabo durante los años académicos 2012 y 2013.
Desarrollo de un módulo para fortalecer funciones ejecutivas en un grupo de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Cascante Ramírez Jinny , Campos Céspedes Jensy , Cantero Acosta Raquel , Hernández Herrera Nohemí , Rodríguez Ugalde Eugenia , Campos Badilla María Antonieta 
Published: April 2017

El objetivo general de esta investigación consistió en proponer acciones educativas relacionadas con el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de las funciones ejecutivas de los estudiantes de la Escuela de Ciencias de la Educación (ECE) de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia, en Costa Rica. Esta fue una investigación con enfoque mixto, bajo un diseño transformativo secuencial, en el que se trabajó con una muestra por conveniencia de 23 estudiantes. Se determinaron las características del desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas de los participantes del estudio y a partir de estas se diseñó: un módulo de acompañamiento virtual para el fortalecimiento de las funciones ejecutivas involucradas en las actividades académicas típicas de su programa educativo. El estudio involucró tres etapas: la primera consistió en una evaluación psicométrica de las funciones ejecutivas con los tests psicométricos TESEN y ANILLAS; la segunda etapa fue la aplicación del módulo de formación y la tercera etapa implicó una segunda aplicación de los test aplicados previamente y del test PORTEUS y de un instrumento de autovaloración de las funciones ejecutivas. Dentro de los resultados más importantes, se logró detectar un aumento en el nivel de desarrollo de las funciones ejecutivas después del módulo de acompañamiento, con una diferencia de hasta 2,2 puntos; es decir, el grupo pasó de un nivel de desarrollo medio-bajo a un nivel medio en estas funciones.
PUBLIC POLICY AND RELIGIOUS CONFLICT IN INDONESIA: THE CASE OF AHMADIYAH
Authors: Herdiansah Ari Ganjar 
Published: April 2017

among conflict cases is Ahmadiyah sect as struggling minorities who spreading their influence in the middle of Sunni Islam majority. The conflict escalated and manifest in violence during the 2000s. The government eventually enacted Joint Ministerial Decree (SKB 3 Menteri) in 2008, which constrained preaching activities of Ahmadiyah who being accused of heresy. However, the decree did not stop the violence against Ahmadiyah. The conflict of Ahmadiyah was not solely about the heresy that charged on the Ahmadis, but also involving the contest of values, ideas, and authority between the liberal and pluralist Muslim groups versus the conservative Muslim groups. While the policy embodies controversial state as it perpetuates majority domination as well as close opportunities for constructive dialogues between the conflicting parties, this article views it as a resolution to anticipate the worst scenario. Therefore, the state's role as a policy maker is stillneeded to actualize social order, national stability and keep the democratic life under control.