bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic partial migration is associated with environmental drivers and influences fisheries interactions in a marine predator
Authors: Lea James S E , Wetherbee Bradley M , Sousa Lara L , Aming Choy , Burnie Neil , Humphries Nicolas E , Queiroz Nuno , Harvey Guy M , Sims David W , Shivji Mahmood S 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The ability to predict animal movement based on environmental change is essential for understanding the dynamic nature of their spatial ecology, and in turn the effectiveness of conservation strategies. We used a large marine predator that displays partial migration (the tiger shark Galeocerdo cuvier) as a model to test the role of oceanic conditions in predicting the space-use of different size classes. By using generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs), we revealed that environmental variables (sea surface temperature, primary productivity, thermal fronts, and bathymetry) had much greater predictive power for the movements of large, migratory tiger sharks than for small, resident individuals. We also found that coverage of tiger shark movements within “shark sanctuaries” (protected areas specifically for sharks) in the northwest Atlantic could be increased from 12 to 52% through inclusion of Bermuda’s waters. However, as large tiger sharks are migratory, over 80% of potential longline fisheries interactions would still occur outside the boundaries of even the expanded protected areas. This emphasises that management of highly migratory species needs to be dynamic and account for changing interactions with fisheries over time, which in a changing climate may rely on predicting movements based on oceanic conditions to be effective.
SILVERRUSH. II. First catalogs and properties of ∼2000 Lyα emitters and blobs at z ∼ 6–7 identified over the 14–21 deg2 sky
Authors: Shibuya Takatoshi , Ouchi Masami , Konno Akira , Higuchi Ryo , Harikane Yuichi , Ono Yoshiaki , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Kobayashi Masakazu A R , Kajisawa Masaru , Nagao Tohru , Furusawa Hisanori , Goto Tomotsugu , Kashikawa Nobunari , Komiyama Yutaka , Kusakabe Haruka , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Momose Rieko , Nakajima Kimihiko , Tanaka Masayuki , Wang Shiang-Yu , Yuma Suraphong 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present an unprecedentedly large catalog consisting of 2230 ≳ L* Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 5.7 and 6.6 on the 13.8 and 21.2 deg2 sky, respectively, that are identified by the SILVERRUSH program with the first narrow-band imaging data of the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. We confirm that the LAE catalog is reliable on the basis of 96 LAEs whose spectroscopic redshifts are already determined by this program and previous studies. This catalogue is also available online. Based on this catalogue, we derive the rest-frame Lyα equivalent-width distributions of LAEs at z ≃ 5.7–6.6 that are reasonably explained by the exponential profiles with scale lengths of ≃ 120–170 Å, showing no significant evolution from z ≃ 5.7 to z ≃ 6.6. We find that 275 LAEs with large equivalent widths (LEWs) of &gt;240 Å are candidates of young metal poor galaxies and AGNs. We also find that the fraction of LEW LAEs to all LAEs is 4% and 21% at z ≃ 5.7 and z ≃ 6.6, respectively. Our LAE catalog includes 11 Lyα blobs (LABs) that are LAEs with spatially extended Lyα emission with a profile that is clearly distinguished from those of stellar objects at the ≳3σ level. The number density of the LABs at z = 6–7 is ∼10−7–10−6 Mpc−3, being ∼10–100 times lower than those claimed for LABs at z ≃ 2–3, suggestive of disappearing LABs at z ≳ 6, albeit with the different selection methods and criteria for the low and high-z LABs.
Dopamine D2-receptor Antagonist Droperidol Deepens Sevoflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Araki Ryuhei , Hayashi Kazuko , Sawa Teiji 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
Although midbrain dopaminergic pathways are known to contribute to arousal and emergence from anesthesia, few reports exist regarding the anesthetic effects of dopamine D2 receptor antagonism in humans. This study examined the effect of the D2 receptor antagonist droperidol on sevoflurane anesthesia by examining α and slow wave electroencephalogram oscillations.

Methods
Forty-five patients, age 20 to 60 yr, were enrolled. Frontal electroencephalograms were continuously collected for offline analysis via Bispectral Index monitoring. After induction of anesthesia, end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was deliberately maintained at 1%, and intravenous droperidol (0.05 mg/kg bolus) was administered. Electroencephalogram changes were examined in power spectrum and bicoherence, before and 10 min after droperidol injection, then compared using the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test and/or paired t test.

Results
Droperidol significantly augmented the α-bicoherence peak induced by sevoflurane from 30.3% (24.2%, 42.4%) to 50.8% (41.7%, 55.2%) (median [25th, 75th percentiles]; P < 0.0001), Hodges-Lehman median difference, 15.8% (11.3 to 21.4%) (95% CI). The frequency of the α-bicoherence peak was simultaneously shifted to the lower frequency; from 11.5 (11.0, 13.0) to 10.5 (10.0, 11.0) Hz (median [25th, 75th percentiles], P < 0.0001). Averaged bicoherence in the δ-θ area increased conspicuously from 17.2% (15.6 to 18.7%) to 25.1% (23.0 to 27.3%) (mean [95% CI]; P < 0.0001), difference, 8.0% (6.0 to 9.9%).

Conclusions
Droperidol augments both α and δ-θ bicoherences while shifting the α-bicoherence peaks to lower frequencies, and enhances the effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on the electroencephalogram via γ-aminobutyric acid–mediated oscillatory network regulation.
Duration of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in the Post–Acute Coronary Syndrome Patient
Authors: Bobadilla Rodel V. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
After acute coronary syndrome, guidelines recommend dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor for a period of 12 months for the prevention of secondary cardiovascular events. However, the risk of recurrent ischemic events can persist beyond 12 months, and there has been much debate regarding the benefits of prolonging dual antiplatelet therapy in certain patient populations.

Purpose:
The purpose of this review was to investigate the optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in the post–acute coronary syndrome patient.

Conclusion:
Extended dual antiplatelet therapy has been associated with an increased risk of bleeding, which must be considered along with the anti-ischemic benefits of dual antiplatelet therapy when deciding on the optimal treatment duration for individual patients.

Clinical Implications:
Treatment duration must be tailored to the patient after a thorough evaluation of individual ischemic and bleeding risk factors.
Rising Rates of Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy as a Treatment for Early-Stage Breast Cancer
Authors: Jerome-D'Emilia Bonnie , Kushary Debashis , Suplee Patricia D. 
Published: December 2017

Background
The rate of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) in women with unilateral mastectomy is increasing with no plateau.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to improve the understanding of patient- and tumor-related factors that influenced the choice of mastectomy with CPM as treatment for early-stage breast cancer at an academic medical center in New Jersey.

Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of 10 years of breast cancer data including 1556 women aged 40 to 80 years treated for breast cancer at an academic medical center. Logistic regression models identified possible associations between type of surgery and various patient- and tumor-related characteristics.

Results
Women most likely to be treated with CPM were younger (P < .0001), white (P = .003), and privately insured (P < .0001). Factors that increased the odds of receiving CPM included year of surgery (odds ratio, 1.441; confidence interval, 1.328–1.564) and residing in a relatively wealthy community (odds ratio, 11.159; confidence interval, 3.467–35.917).

Conclusions
The rate of CPM as a treatment for unilateral breast cancer continues to rise, and this treatment decision seems to be relatively independent of tumor-related factors and clinical evidence of efficacy. More research is needed to ascertain why women are choosing this surgical option.

Implications for Practice
The large majority who are choosing CPM are doing so regardless of the lack of clinical efficacy, yet there are few articles in the nursing literature preparing nurses to understand and counsel these women who may be asking for advice. Nurses are well situated to provide unbiased and fact-based information to help women making potentially life-altering decisions in response to a cancer diagnosis.
The fear of cancer recurrence literature continues to move forward: a review article
Authors: Maheu Christine , Galica Jacqueline 
Published: December 2017

Purpose of review
The volume of literature addressing fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) is rapidly increasing. A summary of key developments in the research and treatment of FCR was published by Sharpe et al. in 2017, and the current review focuses on works published thereafter.

Recent findings
A comprehensive literature review was conducted to provide an up-to-date summary of peer-reviewed publications focusing on FCR. The search consisted of the most recent FCR reports published between 2016 and 2017, which can be broadly categorized as: methods of assessment; associations with FCR; FCR and caregivers; and FCR interventions.

Summary
FCR assessments continue to undergo revisions, which may have positive implications for clinicians and researchers seeking shorter measures to assess the FCR of their patients and study participants. However, research is needed to determine if a shorter FCR measure could be created using items that measure the construct alone, yet still retaining optimal sensitivity and specificity, or also with its determinants and consequences. Doing so would result in either unidimensional or multidimensional measure of FCR. Notwithstanding these matters in FCR assessment, the state of the literature continues to advance our understanding about characteristics of survivors with highest FCR, which is useful to identify patients in need of FCR interventions. These empirical results are useful to further investigate the theoretical distinctions of FCR.
A pilot registry of trauma surgeons willing and ready to respond to disasters
Authors: Grabo Daniel , Strumwasser Aaron , Remick Kyle , Briggs Susan 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND
A well-defined means of organizing surgeons based on functional capabilities in disaster response has been lacking. We sought to create a pilot registry of surgeons, organized by functional capacities, available to respond to disasters in conjunction with the American College of Surgeons Operation Giving Back and to better understand their participation in disaster medicine training.

METHODS
The authors conducted a survey of the members of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma and the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma aimed at establishing a pilot registry of qualified trauma surgeons available to respond to disasters. Data from the surveys were analyzed retrospectively for surgical and subspecialty training, board certification, disaster response training, and military or civilian disaster experience to better understand the respondents' functional capacities and disaster training backgrounds.

RESULTS
Of 211 respondents, 96% self-identified as trauma surgeons, whereas 87% and 89% reported active practice in acute care surgery and/or critical care. Nearly all had primary board certifications in general surgery (93%), and many had additional certifications in surgical critical care (65%). While many reported participation in American College of Surgeons–sponsored trauma courses, only 30% of those surveyed received disaster-specific training in Federal Emergency Management Agency courses, and even fewer received training in the Disaster Management and Emergency Preparedness course. Few had military (26%) or civilian (19%) experience in disaster response.

CONCLUSIONS
This initiative complements efforts to organize a registry of trauma surgeons who are qualified and willing to respond in all aspects of disaster response. While trauma surgeons are optimally positioned to provide a wide range of surgical expertise in a disaster, this study further demonstrated the lack of a universally accepted disaster training program for surgeons willing to respond to mass casualty incidents. Standardized disaster response training for surgeons remains a challenge for the future.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Care management, level IV.
Post-discharge adherence with venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after orthopedic trauma: Results from a randomized controlled trial of aspirin versus low molecular weight heparin
Authors: Haac Bryce E. , Van Besien Richard , O’Hara Nathan N. , Slobogean Gerard P. , Manson Theodore T. , O’Toole Robert V. , Johal Herman , Berger Peter Z. , Reahl George B. , Marinos Dimitrius , Degani Yasmin , Mascarenhas Daniel , Connelly Daniel , Scalea Thomas M. , Stein Deborah M. 
Published: December 2017

Background
Orthopedic trauma patients are often treated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) chemoprophylaxis with aspirin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) after discharge from their index admission, but adherence patterns are not known. We hypothesized that overall adherence would be moderate and greater with aspirin compared to LMWH.

Methods
We conducted a randomized controlled trial of adult trauma patients with an operative extremity fracture or any pelvic/acetabular fracture requiring VTE prophylaxis. Patients were randomized to receive either LMWH 30 mg BID or aspirin 81 mg BID. Patients prescribed outpatient prophylaxis were contacted between 10 and 21 days after discharge to assess adherence measured by the validated Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). Adherence scores were compared between the two treatment arms with similar results for intention-to-treat and as-treated analyses. As-treated multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with low-medium adherence scores.

Results
One hundred fifty patients (64 on LMWH, 86 on aspirin) on chemoprophylaxis at time of follow-up completed the questionnaire. As-treated analysis showed that adherence was high overall (mean MMAS 7.2 out of 8, SD 1.5) and similar for the two regimens (LMWH: 7.4 vs. aspirin: 7.0, p = 0.13). However, patients on LMWH were more likely to feel hassled by their regimen (23% vs. 9%, p = 0.02). In a multivariable model, low-medium adherence was associated with taking LMWH as the prophylaxis medication (aOR 2.34, CI 1.06–5.18, p = 0.04), having to self-administer the prophylaxis (aOR 4.44, CI 1.45–13.61, p < 0.01), being of male sex (aOR 2.46, CI 1.10–5.49, p = 0.03), and of younger age (aOR 0.72 per additional 10 years of age, CI 0.57–0.91, p < 0.01).

Conclusions
Overall post-discharge adherence with VTE prophylaxis was high. Several factors, including prophylaxis by LMWH, were associated with decreased adherence. These factors should be considered when managing patients and designing efficacy trials.

Level of Evidence
Therapeutic, level II.
Patchiness and scale-free correlations: characterising criticality in ecosystems
Authors: Sankaran Sumithra , Majumder Sabiha , Viswanathan Ashwin , Guttal Vishwesha 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDiverse ecosystems exhibit clusters that follow scale-free size distributions and lack a characteristic scale. In phase-transition theory, it is well known that scale-free behaviours arise at critical points. Scale-free behaviours, therefore, typically indicate a lack of resilience. Yet, many ecological studies associate loss of scale-free clustering with reduced resilience, presenting an intriguing inconsistency with the physics literature. Our synthesis of literature on cluster sizes in physics and ecology reveals that empirically observed scale-free clustering in ecosystems can be parsi-moniously explained by facilitative interactions. Our synthesis of theory, aided by analyses of a minimal spatial model, shows that scale-free clustering may occur far away from, near or at the critical point of ecosystem collapse depending on the strength of local facilitation. Thus, contrary to current thinking in the literature, we conclude that clustering patterns are unrelated to critical points of ecosystem collapse. Scale-free clustering, instead, indicates a different threshold called a percolation point, which signifies the onset of spanning clusters in the landscape. Finally, we suggest that ecosystem criticality can be characterized by scale-free spatial correlations in the system. Our synthesis resolves subtle links between local facilitative interactions and macroscopic patterns of scale-free clustering, scale-free correlations and ecosystem resilience, and offers future directions to investigate these phenomena.
Examining the genetic influences of educational attainment and the validity of value-added measures of progress
Authors: Morris Tim T , Davies Neil M , Dorling Danny , Richmond Rebecca C , Smith George Davey 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, we estimate (i) the SNP heritability of educational attainment at three time points throughout the compulsory educational lifecourse; (ii) the SNP heritability of value-added measures of educational progress built from test data; and (iii) the extent to which value-added measures built from teacher rated ability may be biased due to measurement error. We utilise a genome wide approach using generalized restricted maximum likelihood (GCTA-GREML) to determine the total phenotypic variance in educational attainment and value-added measures that is attributable to common genetic variation across the genome within a sample of unrelated individuals from a UK birth cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Our findings suggest that the heritability of educational attainment measured using point score test data increases with age from 47% at age 11 to 61% at age 16. We also find that genetic variation does not contribute towards value-added measures created only from educational attainment point score data, but it does contribute a small amount to measures that additionally control for background characteristics (up to 20.09% [95%CI: 6.06 to 35.71] from age 11 to 14). Finally, our results show that value-added measures built from teacher rated ability have higher heritability than those built from exam scores. Our findings suggest that the heritability of educational attainment increases through childhood and adolescence. Value-added measures based upon fine grain point scores may be less prone to between-individual genomic differences than measures that control for students’ backgrounds, or those built from more subjective measures such as teacher rated ability.
A short, robust brain activation control task optimised for pharmacological fMRI studies
Authors: Harvey Jessica-Lily , Demetriou Lysia , McGonigle John , Wall Matthew B 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a popular method for examining pharmacological effects on the brain; however the BOLD response is an indirect measure of neural activity, and as such is vulnerable to confounding effects of pharmacological probes. Controlling for such non-specific effects in pharmacological fMRI studies is therefore an important consideration. We have developed two variants of a standardized control task that are short (5 minutes duration) simple (for both the subject and experimenter), widely applicable, and yield a number of readouts in a spatially diverse set of brain networks. The tasks consist of four functionally discreet three-second trial types (plus additional null trials) and contain visual, auditory, motor and cognitive (eye-movements, and working memory tasks in the two task variants) stimuli. Performance of the tasks was assessed in a group of 15 subjects scanned on two separate occasions, with test-retest reliability explicitly assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients. Both tasks produced robust patterns of brain activation in the expected brain regions, and reliability coefficients for the tasks were generally high, with four out of eight task conditions rated as ‘excellent’, and only one out of eight rated as ‘poor’. Voxel-wise reliability measures also showed good spatial concordances with the brain activation results. Either of the two task variants would be suitable for use as a control task in future pharmacological fMRI studies or for any situation where a short, reliable, basic task paradigm is required. Stimulus code is available online for re-use by the scientific community.
The genomic ancestry, landscape genetics, and invasion history of introduced mice in New Zealand
Authors: Veale Andrew J. , Russell James C. , King Carolyn M. 
Published: December 2017

1.SummaryThe house mouse (Mus musculus) provides a fascinating system for studying both the genomic basis of reproductive isolation, and the patterns of human-mediated dispersal. New Zealand has a complex history of mouse invasions, and the living descendants of these invaders have genetic ancestry from all three subspecies, although most are primarily descended fromM. m. domesticus. We used the GigaMUGA genotyping array (~135,000 loci) to describe the genomic ancestry of 161 mice, sampled from 34 locations from across New Zealand (and one Australian city - Sydney). Of these, two populations, one in the south of the South Island, and one on Chatham Island, showed complete mitochondrial lineage capture, featuring two different lineages ofM. m. castaneusmitochondrial DNA but with onlyM. m. domesticusnuclear ancestry detectable. Mice in the northern and southern parts of the North Island had small traces (~2-3%) ofM. m. castaneusnuclear ancestry, and mice in the upper South Island had ~7-8%M. m. musculusnuclear ancestry including some Y-chromosomal ancestry – though no detectableM. m. musculusmitochondrial ancestry. This is the most thorough genomic study of introduced populations of house mice yet conducted, and will have relevance to studies of the isolation mechanisms separating subspecies of mice.
The Role of Conformational Dynamics in abacavir-Induced Hypersensitivity Syndrome
Authors: Fodor James , Riley Blake T. , Kass Itamar , Buckle Ashley M. , Borg Natalie A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAbacavir is an antiretroviral drug used to reduce human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication and decrease the risk of developing acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). However, its therapeutic value is diminished by the fact that it is associated with drug hypersensitivity reactions in up to 8% of treated patients. This hypersensitivity is strongly associated with patients carrying human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*57:01, but not patients carrying closely related alleles. Abacavir’s specificity to HLA-B*57:01 is attributed to its binding site within the peptide-binding cleft and subsequent influence of the repertoire of peptides that can bind HLA-B*57:01. To further our understanding of abacavir-induced hypersensitivity we used molecular dynamics (MD) to analyze the dynamics of three different peptides bound to HLA-B*57:01 in the presence and absence of abacavir or abacavir analogues. We found that abacavir and associated peptides bind to HLA-B*57:01 in a highly diverse range of conformations that are not apparent from static crystallographic snapshots. Further, the presence of abacavir has a direct impact on the dynamics and the conformational space available to peptides bound to HLA-B*57:01, likely influencing abacavir-induced immune self-reactivity. Our results support hypersensitivity models in which abacavir-binding alters the equilibrium proportions of neopeptide conformations in a manner favourable to TCR binding. Our findings highlight the need to also consider the role of dynamics in understanding drug-induced hypersensitivities at the molecular and mechanistic level. This additional insight can help inform the chemical modification of abacavir to prevent hypersensitivity reactions in HLA-B*57:01+ HIV patients whilst retaining potent antiretroviral activity.