bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bereavement Programs and Services in the Province of Alberta: A Mapping Report
Authors: Wilson Donna M. , Playfair Robyn 
Published: April 2016

RÉSUMÉCet exercice de cartographie en 2014 avait comme but d’ identifier et de décrire tous les programmes et services de soutien pendant le deuil dans la province entière de l’Alberta, et de les comparer aux ceux-ci disponibles quatre années d’avant. Le deuil est une expérience commune dans la vie, en particulier chez les personnes âgées, et le soutien est souvent nécessaire pour aider leur récupération. Nous avons cherché des informations sur les programmes et les services par le biais de recherches systématiques et la technique «boule de neige» est utilisée pour identifier les fournisseurs et les interviewer. Bien qu’une croissance considérable (330%), et une plus grande diversité parmi les fournisseurs, les programmes et les services, étaient évidente, nous avons découvert que les programmes de deuil ne sont plus encore financés par l’État. Au contraire, les programmes et les services existants proviennent maintenant de la base, avec des individus et des groupes communautaires offrant, pour la plupart, la conception et la fourniture de services de soutien aux personnes en deuil. Les programmes de deuil sont importants, en particulier pour les personnes âgées qui peuvent être les plus touchées par la mort d un être cher. Les résultats de ces programmes nécessitent une évaluation comparative. Si les gouvernements devraient fournir et / ou financer de tels programmes est une question qu’on doit également prendre en compte.
Sources of Occupational Stress Among Firefighter/EMTs and Firefighter/Paramedics and Correlations with Job-related Outcomes
Authors: Beaton Randal D. , Murphy Shirley A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroduction/Objective:This paper reports the results of an initial effort to develop and test measure of the various sources of job-related stress in firefighter and paramedic emergenc service workers.Methods:A 57-item paper and pencil measure of occupational stressor in firefighter/Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) and firefighter/paramedics was developed and administered by anonymous mail survey.Results:More than 2,000 (50% rate of return) emergency service workers comple and returned the surveys. The responses of 1,730 firefighter/EMTs and 253 firefighter/paramedics were very similar in terms of the degree to which job stressors were bothersome. A factor analysis of replies yielded 14 statistically independent “Occupational Stressor” factors which together accounted for 66.3% of the instrument's variance. These Sources of Occupational Stress (SOOS) factor scale scores essentially did not correlate with a measure the social desirability test-taking bias. Finall SOOS factors were identified that correlated with job satisfaction and work-related morale of the respondents. Conflict with administration was the job stressor factor that most strongly correlated with reports of low job satisfaction and poor work morale in both study groups.Conclusion:The findings suggest that firefighter and paramedic job stress is very complicated and multi-faceted. Based on this preliminary investigation, the SOOS instrument appears to have adequate reliability and concurrent validity.
Southeast Asianwaxymaize (Zea mays L.), a resource for amylopectin starch quality types?
Authors: Stamp Peter , Eicke Simona , Jampatong Sansern , Le-Huy Ham , Jompuk Choosak , Escher Felix , Streb Sebastian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAmylose-free (waxy) maize has been a vegetable (cooked ears) and staple food in Southeast Asia for centuries, resulting in hundreds of landraces (LRs) across the region. The recessivewaxyallele induces soft grains with preferred cooking and flavour properties. We hypothesized that eating preferences resulted in the additional selection for different starch properties, reflected in altered starch granule morphology or amylopectin structure. A total of 41 LRs were available as starting material that had been used by different ethnic groups in Vietnam and Thailand. Unluckily, some LR were not purewaxy, but we successfully regained the original purewaxystatus for most. Twenty LR were chosen for analysis of starch traits according to their purity. Four differentwaxymutations were identified, including two unknown alleles. This is a strong proof for parallel independent selection ofwaxymaize in the region. Starch granule morphology and size were similar among all LRs. Gelatinization properties differed only betweenwaxyand wild-type LR, and allwaxyLR were comparable to a commercialwaxyhybrid. The fine structure ofwaxyamylopectin had fewer short chains compared with that in wild-type. So far, the differences observed in starch properties are likely associated exclusively with thewaxytrait. Despite the strong selection for amylose-free starch, there was no evidence for additional region wide selection for other special starch properties in our collection. In conclusion, all analyses did not encourage further targeted research on allelic variation of other starch metabolism genes for future use in the food and feed industry.
Inhibitory interactions promote frequent bistability among competing bacteria
Authors: Wright Erik S. , Vetsigian Kalin H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIt is largely unknown how the process of microbial community assembly is affected by the order of species arrival, initial species abundances and interactions between species. A minimal way of capturing competitive abilities in a frequency-dependent manner is with an invasibility network specifying whether a species at low abundance can increase in frequency in an environment dominated by another species. Here, using a panel of prolific small-molecule producers and a habitat with feast-and-famine cycles, we show that the most abundant strain can often exclude other strains—resulting in bistability between pairs of strains. Instead of a single winner, the empirically determined invasibility network is ruled by multiple strains that cannot invade each other, and does not contain loops of cyclic dominance. Antibiotic inhibition contributes to bistability by helping producers resist invasions while at high abundance and by reducing producers’ ability to invade when at low abundance.
Self Calibrated Wireless Distributed Environmental Sensory Networks
Authors: Fishbain Barak , Moreno-Centeno Erick 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRecent advances in sensory and communication technologies have made Wireless Distributed Environmental Sensory Networks (WDESN) technically and economically feasible. WDESNs present an unprecedented tool for studying many environmental processes in a new way. However, the WDESNs’ calibration process is a major obstacle in them becoming the common practice. Here, we present a new, robust and efficient method for aggregating measurements acquired by an uncalibrated WDESN and producing accurate estimates of the observed environmental variable’s true levels rendering the network as self-calibrated. The suggested method presents novelty both in group-decision-making and in environmental sensing as it offers a most valuable tool for distributed environmental monitoring data aggregation. Applying the method on an extensive real-life air-pollution dataset showed markedly more accurate results than the common practice and the state-of-the-art.
Electrostatically-guided inhibition of Curli amyloid nucleation by the CsgC-like family of chaperones
Authors: Taylor Jonathan D. , Hawthorne William J. , Lo Joanne , Dear Alexander , Jain Neha , Meisl Georg , Andreasen Maria , Fletcher Catherine , Koch Marion , Darvill Nicholas , Scull Nicola , Escalera-Maurer Andrés , Sefer Lea , Wenman Rosemary , Lambert Sebastian , Jean Jisoo , Xu Yingqi , Turner Benjamin , Kazarian Sergei G. , Chapman Matthew R. , Bubeck Doryen , de Simone Alfonso , Knowles Tuomas P. J. , Matthews Steve J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPolypeptide aggregation into amyloid is linked with several debilitating human diseases. Despite the inherent risk of aggregation-induced cytotoxicity, bacteria control the export of amyloid-prone subunits and assemble adhesive amyloid fibres during biofilm formation. AnEscherichiaprotein, CsgC potently inhibits amyloid formation of curli amyloid proteins. Here we unlock its mechanism of action, and show that CsgC strongly inhibits primary nucleation via electrostatically-guided molecular encounters, which expands the conformational distribution of disordered curli subunits. This delays the formation of higher order intermediates and maintains amyloidogenic subunits in a secretion-competent form. New structural insight also reveal that CsgC is part of diverse family of bacterial amyloid inhibitors. Curli assembly is therefore not only arrested in the periplasm, but the preservation of conformational flexibility also enables efficient secretion to the cell surface. Understanding how bacteria safely handle amyloidogenic polypeptides contribute towards efforts to control aggregation in disease-causing amyloids and amyloid-based biotechnological applications.
Effectiveness of Multiple Blood-Cleansing Interventions in Sepsis, Characterized in Rats
Authors: Stojkovic Ivan , Ghalwash Mohamed , Cao Xi Hang , Obradovic Zoran 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSepsis is a serious, life-threatening condition that presents a growing problem in medicine, but there is still no satisfying solution for treating it. Several blood cleansing approaches recently gained attention as promising interventions that target the main site of problem development–the blood. The focus of this study is an evaluation of the theoretical effectiveness of hemoadsorption therapy and pathogen reduction therapy. This is evaluated using the mathematical model of Murine sepsis and the results of over 2,200 configurations of single and multiple intervention therapies simulated on 5,000 virtual subjects suggest the advantage of pathogen reduction over hemoadsorption therapy. However, a combination of two approaches is found to take advantage of their complementary effects and outperform either therapy alone. The conducted computational experiments provide unprecedented evidence that the combination of two therapies synergistically enhances the positive effects beyond the simple superposition of the benefits of two approaches. Such a characteristic could have a profound influence on the way sepsis treatment is conducted.
Constrained evolvability of interferon suppression in an RNA virus
Authors: Garijo Raquel , Cuevas José M. , Briz Álvaro , Sanjuán Rafael 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInnate immunity responses controlled by interferon (IFN) are believed to constitute a major selective pressure shaping viral evolution. Viruses encode a variety of IFN suppressors, but these are often multifunctional proteins that also play essential roles in other steps of the viral infection cycle, possibly limiting their evolvability. Here, we experimentally evolved a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) mutant carrying a defect in the matrix protein (M∆51) that abolishes IFN suppression and that has been previously used in the context of oncolytic virotherapy. Serial transfers of this virus in normal, IFN-secreting cells led to a modest recovery of IFN blocking capacity and to weak increases in viral fitness. Full-genome ultra-deep sequencing and phenotypic analysis of population variants revealed that the anti-IFN function of the matrix protein was not restored, and that the Mdelta51 defect was instead compensated by changes in the viral phosphoprotein. We also show that adaptation to IFN-secreting cells can be driven by the selection of fast-growing viruses with no IFN suppression capacity, and that these population variants can be trans-complemented by other, IFN-suppressing variants. Our results thus suggest that virus-virus interactions and alternative strategies of innate immunity evasion can determine the evolution of IFN suppression in a virus.
Response of AM fungi spore population to elevated temperature and nitrogen addition and their influence on the plant community composition and productivity
Authors: Zhang Tao , Yang Xue , Guo Rui , Guo Jixun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTo examine the influence of elevated temperature and nitrogen (N) addition on species composition and development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and the effect of AMF on plant community structure and aboveground productivity, we conducted a 5-year field experiment in a temperate meadow in northeast China and a subsequent greenhouse experiment. In the field experiment, N addition reduced spore population diversity and richness of AMF and suppressed the spore density and the hyphal length density (HLD). Elevated temperature decreased spore density and diameter and increased the HLD, but did not affect AMF spore population composition. In the greenhouse experiment, AMF altered plant community composition and increased total aboveground biomass in both elevated temperature and N addition treatments; additionally, AMF also increased the relative abundance and aboveground biomass of the grasses Leymus chinensis (Poaceae) and Setaria viridis (Gramineae) and significantly reduced the relative abundance and aboveground biomass of the Suaeda corniculata (Chenopodiaceae). Although elevated temperature and N addition can affect species composition or suppress the development of AMF, AMF are likely to play a vital role in increasing plant diversity and productivity. Notably, AMF might reduce the threat of climate change induced degradation of temperate meadow ecosystems.
Emission of direct-gap band in germanium with Ge-GeSn layers on one-dimensional structure
Authors: Huang Zhong-Mei , Huang Wei-Qi , Liu Shi-Rong , Dong Tai-Ge , Wang Gang , Wu Xue-Ke , Qin Cao-Jian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn our experiment, it was observed that the emission of direct-gap band in germanium with Ge-GeSn layers on one-dimensional (1D) structure. The results of experiment and calculation demonstrate that the uniaxial tensile strain in the (111) and (110) direction can efficiently transform Ge to a direct bandgap material with the bandgap energy useful for technological application. It is interested that under the tensile strain from Ge-GeSn layers on 1D structure in which the uniaxial strain could be obtained by curved layer (CL) effect, the two bandgaps EΓg and ELg in the (111) direction become nearly equal at 0.83 eV related to the emission of direct-gap band near 1500 nm in the experiments. It is discovered that the red-shift of the peaks from 1500 nm to 1600 nm occurs with change of the uniaxial tensile strain, which proves that the peaks come from the emission of direct-gap band.
Highly Efficient Domain Walls Injection in Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Nanowire
Authors: Zhang S. F. , Gan W. L. , Kwon J. , Luo F. L. , Lim G. J. , Wang J. B. , Lew W. S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractElectrical injection of magnetic domain walls in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy nanowire is crucial for data bit writing in domain wall-based magnetic memory and logic devices. Conventionally, the current pulse required to nucleate a domain wall is approximately ~1012 A/m2. Here, we demonstrate an energy efficient structure to inject domain walls. Under an applied electric potential, our proposed Π-shaped stripline generates a highly concentrated current distribution. This creates a highly localized magnetic field that quickly initiates the nucleation of a magnetic domain. The formation and motion of the resulting domain walls can then be electrically detected by means of Ta Hall bars across the nanowire. Our measurements show that the Π-shaped stripline can deterministically write a magnetic data bit in 15 ns even with a relatively low current density of 5.34 × 1011 A/m2. Micromagnetic simulations reveal the evolution of the domain nucleation – first, by the formation of a pair of magnetic bubbles, then followed by their rapid expansion into a single domain. Finally, we also demonstrate experimentally that our injection geometry can perform bit writing using only about 30% of the electrical energy as compared to a conventional injection line.
Interaction driven quantum Hall effect in artificially stacked graphene bilayers
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zahir , Iqbal Muhammad Waqas , Siddique Salma , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Ramay Shahid Mahmood , Nam Jungtae , Kim Keun Soo , Eom Jonghwa 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe honeycomb lattice structure of graphene gives rise to its exceptional electronic properties of linear dispersion relation and its chiral nature of charge carriers. The exceptional electronic properties of graphene stem from linear dispersion relation and chiral nature of charge carries, originating from its honeycomb lattice structure. Here, we address the quantum Hall effect in artificially stacked graphene bilayers and single layer graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition. The quantum Hall plateaus started to appear more than 3 T and became clearer at higher magnetic fields up to 9 T. Shubnikov-de Hass oscillations were manifestly observed in graphene bilayers texture. These unusual plateaus may have been due to the layers interaction in artificially stacked graphene bilayers. Our study initiates the understanding of interactions between artificially stacked graphene layers.
The Tumour Response to Induction Chemotherapy has Prognostic Value for Long-Term Survival Outcomes after Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Peng Hao , Chen Lei , Zhang Yuan , Li Wen-Fei , Mao Yan-Ping , Liu Xu , Zhang Fan , Guo Rui , Liu Li-Zhi , Tian Li , Lin Ai-Hua , Sun Ying , Ma Jun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe prognostic value of the tumour response to induction chemotherapy (IC) for long-term survival outcomes after intensity-modulated radiation therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unknown. We retrospectively reviewed 1811 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed NPC treated using IMRT, and 399 eligible patients with pre- and post-induction chemotherapy magnetic resonance images were recruited. The clinicopathological features of patients with different tumour responses were compared using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test. Prognostic value was assessed using a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. After IC, 101/399 (25.3%) patients had a complete tumour response overall (CR), 262 (65.7%) had a partial response (PR) and 36 (9.0%) had stable disease (SD). The 4-year disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) and locoregional relapse-free survival (LRRFS) rates for CR vs. PR vs. SD were 90.0% vs. 79.0% vs. 58.2% (CR vs. PR: P1 = 0.007; CR vs. SD: P2 < 0.001; PR vs. SD: P3 = 0.004), 95.7% vs. 88.7% vs. 70.2% (P1 = 0.017, P2 < 0.001, P3 = 0.005), 92.0% vs. 87.4% vs. 74.3% (P1 = 0.162, P2 = 0.005, P3 = 0.029) and 95.9% vs. 88.8% vs. 81.8% (P1 = 0.024, P2 = 0.006, P3 = 0.268), respectively. Multivariate analysis identified that the tumour response to IC was an independent prognostic factor for DFS, OS and LRRFS.
Fat Metabolism Regulates Satiety Behavior in C. elegans
Authors: Hyun Moonjung , Davis Kristen , Lee Inhwan , Kim Jeongho , Dumur Catherine , You Young-Jai 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAnimals change feeding behavior depending on their metabolic status; starved animals are eager to eat and satiated animals stop eating. C. elegans exhibits satiety quiescence under certain conditions that mimics many aspects of post-prandial sleep in mammals. Here we show that this feeding behavior depends on fat metabolism mediated by the SREBP-SCD pathway, an acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and certain nuclear hormone receptors (NRs). Mutations of the genes in the SREBP-SCD pathway reduce satiety quiescence. An RNA interference (RNAi) screen of the genes that regulate glucose and fatty acid metabolism identified an ACC necessary for satiety quiescence in C. elegans. ACC catalyzes the first step in de novo fatty acid biosynthesis known to be downstream of the SREBP pathway in mammals. We identified 28 NRs by microarray whose expression changes during refeeding after being starved. When individually knocked down by RNAi, 11 NRs among 28 affect both fat storage and satiety behavior. Our results show that the major fat metabolism pathway regulates feeding behavior and NRs could be the mediators to link the feeding behavior to the metabolic changes.
Optimised design of permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motor series using combined analytical–finite element analysis based approach
Authors: Stipetic Stjepan , Zarko Damir , Kovacic Marinko 
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to design of series of permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motors using combined analytical and finite element calculations. A global optimisation metaheuristic algorithm (differential evolution) is utilised in order to achieve optimal design in terms of maximum torque per volume with numerous specific boundaries imposed on motor geometry and performance. A novel approach to the calculation of the specified constant power speed range and demagnetisation effect in sudden symmetrical short circuit using iterative finite element magnetostatic simulations is presented. Based on the results of optimised design, a 100 kW prototype was built and tested.
Validierung eines 4-Item-Fragebogens zum familiären und hereditären Darmkrebsrisiko in der Hausarztpraxis
Authors: Koné I. , Siebenhofer A. , Hartig J. , Plath J. 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie: Zur Identifikation eines familiären oder hereditären Darmkrebsrisikos wurde vom „Netzwerk gegen Darmkrebs e. V.“ ein 4-Item-Fragebogen entwickelt. Ziel dieser Studie war die Überprüfung der Validität beim Einsatz bei 40- bis 54-jährigen Personen im hausärztlichen Setting.
Methodik: In vier hausärztlichen Praxen des „Forschungsnetzwerks Allgemeinmedizin Frankfurt“ wurden mittels Praxissoftware 100 Indexpatienten ausgewählt, bei denen alle Angehörigen ersten Grades in der Praxis bekannt waren. Es wurden Stammbäume erstellt, die einen Abgleich mit den vier Items des Fragebogens vom „Netzwerk gegen Darmkrebs e. V.“ ermöglichten. Daran anschließend wurden die Indexpatienten durch die medizinischen Fachangestellten anhand des 4-Item-Fragebogens befragt. Die Übereinstimmung zwischen den Antworten der Patienten und den Angaben der Hausärzte wurde anhand von Cohens Kappa-Koeffizient ermittelt.
Ergebnisse: Zur Frage zum Vorkommen von Kolorektalen Karzinomen bei Angehörigen ersten Grades (Frage 1) fand sich eine fast vollkommene Übereinstimmung der Antworten mit Kappa-Koeffizient 0,82 (KI:0,58–1,10). Die Frage nach einem Kolorektalen Karzinom bei einem Angehörigen vor dem Alter von 50 Jahren (Frage 2) wurde von den Hausärzten für keinen Patienten positiv beantwortet, von einem Patienten hingegen bejaht. Eine Interpretation der Übereinstimmung anhand des Kappa-Koeffizienten erschien hier nicht sinnvoll. Die Frage nach kolorektalen Polypen vor dem Alter von 50 Jahren (Frage 3) konnte von den Hausärzten aufgrund fehlender Befunde in der Regel nicht beantwortet werden. Ebenso war eine Erhebung der Tumorerkrankungen für Angehörige zweiten Grades auf Grundlage der Praxisdokumentation nicht möglich (Frage 4). Insgesamt 18,8% der Patienten (15/80) bejahte eine oder mehrere Fragen, die auf ein erbliches Darmkrebsrisiko hinweisen können.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Frage nach einem Angehörigen ersten Grades mit Darmkrebs (Frage 1) eignet sich gut zur Identifikation von 40- bis 54-jährigen Hausarztpatienten mit familiärem Darmkrebsrisiko. Die Fragen 2 bis 4 des Fragebogens des „Netzwerk gegen Darmkrebs e. V.“ konnten mit der von uns gewählten Methodik nicht validiert werden. Die valide Beantwortung von Frage eins durch 40- bis 54-Jährige ermöglicht diesbezüglich allerdings eine Vorselektion. In dieser Gruppe kann dann eine weiterführende Anamnese erfolgen.