bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The state of the bats in North America
Authors: Adams Amanda M. , Trujillo Luis A. , Campbell C. J. , Akre Karin L. , Arroyo‐Cabrales Joaquin , Burns Leanne , Coleman Jeremy T. H. , Dixon Rita D. , Francis Charles M. , Gamba‐Rios Melquisedec , Kuczynska Vona , McIntire Angie , Medellín Rodrigo A. , Morris Katrina M. , Ortega Jorge , Reichard Jonathan D. , Reichert Brian , Segers Jordi L. , Whitby Michael D. , Frick Winifred F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe world's rich diversity of bats supports healthy ecosystems and important ecosystem services. Maintaining healthy biological systems requires prompt identification of threats to biodiversity and immediate action to protect species, which for wide‐ranging bat species that span geopolitical boundaries warrants international coordination. Anthropogenic forces drive the threats to bats throughout North America and the world. We conducted an international expert elicitation to assess the status of 153 bat species in Canada, the United States, and Mexico. We used expert assessment to determine the conservation status, highest impact threats, and recent population trends for these species. We found that 53% of North American bat species have moderate to very high risk of extinction in the next 15 years. The highest impact threats varied with species and country, and four IUCN threat categories had the greatest overall impacts: Climate Change, Problematic Species (including disease), Agriculture, and Energy Production. Experts estimated that 90% of species assessed had decreasing population trends over the past 15 years, demonstrating the need for conservation action. Although the state of North American bats is concerning, we identify threats that can be addressed through internationally collaborative, proactive, and protective actions to support the recovery and resilience of North American bat species.
Change in the prevalence of anemia in children aged 6–59 months using the new World Health Organization 2024 criteria
Authors: Hernández‐Vásquez Akram , Vargas‐Fernández Rodrigo , Guerra Valencia Jamee 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe World Health Organization (WHO) has published new hemoglobin cutoff points for defining anemia and its measurement. This change could impact the prevalence of anemia, particularly in countries with populations living in high‐altitude areas. This study estimates the national prevalences of anemia in children aged 6–59 months using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 1989 and WHO 2024 criteria. Data from 406,106 children in 48 countries (45 Demographic and Health Surveys [DHS Program] and 3 Andean [Ecuador, Bolivia, and Peru]) were analyzed. The pooled prevalence of anemia was 61.4% according to the WHO 2024 criteria. Three countries showed changes in anemia prevalence, with shifts of 10 or more percentage points (Uganda, Rwanda, and Jordan). Across all the studied countries, the prevalence of anemia was higher at greater altitudes, rural areas, and children from households of low wealth quintiles, regardless of the criteria used. Moreover, changes in anemia prevalence were identified when stratified by altitude of residence, showing differences in the levels of public health significance across various political–administrative regions in Andean countries. Overall, these findings provide valuable insights into the epidemiology of anemia and highlight the need for continued surveillance and targeted interventions to effectively address this global health challenge.
Preparing Graduate Registered Nurses for Independence in Aged Care
Authors: Piper Diane , Carr Sandra E. , Jacob Elisabeth Ruth 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundGraduate registered nurses (RNs) start their careers working in a variety of clinical areas including aged care. However, they may not be fully prepared to work in aged care settings that often require them to work independently as the only RN on the premises. A list of essential clinical skills is crucial for supporting the development and effective transition of graduate nurses into aged care.AimsTo identify and rank a list of essential clinical skills for graduate RNs working in aged care settings on commencement of practice.MethodsAn explanatory sequential mixed‐methods design was applied and included a modified Delphi Study and semi‐structured interviews. Five expert aged care RNs engaged in the three iterative Delphi rounds and five graduate aged care RNs were interviewed to confirm the clinical skills and ranking from their perspective. Quantitative data were presented through descriptive statistics. Qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsThirty‐six essential clinical skills for graduate RNs working in aged care settings were identified and ranked by the experienced aged care RNs. Graduate RNs supported this list of essential clinical skills on commencement and identified palliative care as an additional skill required by graduate RNs working in aged care.ConclusionThe derived essential skills offer aged care a guided approach to ensure that graduate RNs are work‐ready, safe practitioners and supported to work independently.Implications for PracticeThe study recommends the essential clinical skills for graduate nurses transitioning in their role as RNs in aged care that will support safe, quality clinical care.
Overloaded Vertebral Body Following Consecutive Three‐Level Hybrid Surgery Comparing with Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion
Authors: Chen Shi‐hao , Li Ya‐ling , Liu Hao , Wu Ting‐kui , Huang Kang‐kang , Yao Ming‐he , Wang Bei‐yu 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveBased on the varying number and relative positions of cervical disc replacement (CDR) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) procedures, three‐segment hybrid surgery (HS) presents a diverse structural approach. Currently, the potential differential effects of HS with different segment combinations and surgical procedures on overloaded vertebral body (OVB) occurrence remain unexplored. The purpose of this retrospective study is to compare the clinical and radiological outcomes of HS and ACDF in treating cervical degenerative disc disease (CDDD), aiming to provide further insights into OVB.MethodsThis study included patients with three‐level CDDD who underwent ACDF or HS at our institution. Eligible patients were divided into three groups: Type I (one‐level CDR and two‐level ACDF), Type II (two‐level CDR and one‐level ACDF), and ACDF (three‐level ACDF). For radiographic analysis, patients were further divided into the Replacement Segment Group and the Nonreplacement Segment Group based on the presence of replacement segments above and below the OVB. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using visual analog scale (VAS) scores for neck and arm pain, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores, and neck disability index (NDI) scores. The cervical radiological parameters assessed included (1) vertebral cross‐sectional area (CSA), (2) wedge angle (WA), (3) anterior vertebral height (AH), (4) posterior vertebral height (PH), and (5) Hounsfield unit (HU) values. Statistical methods included paired t‐test, ANOVA test, and chi‐square test. Independent samples t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test were used to compare the differences between two groups according to the results of normal distribution test.ResultsA total of 123 patients, evenly distributed among three groups, were included and were well matched in terms of demographic characteristics. The likelihood of vertebral body collapse (VBC) was notably higher in the ACDF group (41.5%) compared with the Type I (17.9%) and Type II (8.9%) groups (p < 0.01). Following surgery, both at 3 and 6 months, the ACDF group demonstrated higher VAS neck scores and NDI scores compared with the Type I and Type II groups (p < 0.01). Additionally, the WA and AH values of the upper and lower adjacent OVB were consistently lower in the ACDF group than in the Type I and Type II groups at 6 and 12 months and at the final follow‐up (p < 0.01). Notably, in the Nonreplacement Segment Group, WA significantly decreased at 12 months postoperatively and at the final follow‐up compared with the Replacement Segment Group (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThree levels of HS appear to reduce stress concentrations and alleviate morphological changes in OVB. The occurrence of more VBC patients with OVB was associated with the use of Zero‐P or Zero‐P VA implants.
Perspectives on the Dementia Public Health Exposome
Authors: Flaherty Christine Noelle , O'Neal Pam V. , Carter Patricia A. , Smith Lenora , Lerner Nancy , Hooper Gwendolyn , Bail Jennifer R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDementia is a public health concern in the aging population with an estimated 55 million people impacted globally. Public health initiatives that focus on minimizing dementia risk factors may support efforts to reduce the incidence of dementia in at‐risk populations. Exposomics considers both modifiable and non‐modifiable risk factors for disease, including genetic changes with age and lifetime exposures to environmental, social, and behavioral risk factors. Dementia precursors may remain undetected for up to 20 years. An understanding and application of the dementia exposome may promote healthy brain interventions, screening, and risk mitigation. The proposed dementia public health exposome (DPHE) provides a framework for understanding and addressing the complex interactions between genetics, health behavior, and environment (natural, built, and social) linked to modifiable and non‐modifiable risk factors for dementia. The DPHE may be used to inform public health strategies and advancements in healthy brain initiatives.
Palaeogeographical and eodiagenetic settings of host‐replacing phreatic calcrete intervals developed in mud deposits of the Famennian Kinnesswood Formation in the Pennyseorach Subbasin of south‐west Scotland
Authors: Jutras Pierre 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn the Pennyseorach Subbasin of south‐west Scotland, the Famennian Kinnesswood Formation of the Inverclyde Group includes several, ca 1 to 3 m thick erosional remnants of host‐replacing phreatic calcrete hardpans developed in mud deposits. The latter are most unusual hosts for such calcretes due to their relative impermeability, which would normally prevent them from sufficiently accommodating the circulation of an aquifer. In previously documented phreatic calcretes, mud deposits clearly acted as aquicludes that sharply constrained calcrete development. In the Kinnesswood Formation at Pennyseorach, tall desiccation fissures allowed groundwater to circulate in thick, semi‐consolidated mud deposits. Because of the inferred development of an adjacent evaporitic basin, the mixing of fresh and evaporitic groundwaters raised the pH enough for the replacement of phyllosilicates by calcite to occur along the fissure walls, forming ‘fissure calcretes’. The latter gradually expanded and eventually coalesced into mature, ‘columnar host‐replacing phreatic calcrete hardpans’ in which 90 to 100% of the muddy host material was replaced by calcrete. At Pennyseorach, host‐replacing phreatic calcrete hardpan formation not only affected the transition zone between the Doughend Sandstone and Foul Port Members of the Kinnesswood Formation (the Dunagoil Calcrete interval), as in other localities of south‐west Scotland, but also affected the uppermost part of the formation, which is marked by several erosion surfaces downcutting into columnar host‐replacing phreatic calcrete hardpan intervals in association with the episodic rise and fall of base‐level. These newly recorded host‐replacing phreatic calcrete hardpan intervals from the upper part of the Kinnesswood Formation have a tightly constrained stable isotopic signature that is distinct from that of both the Dunagoil Calcrete and the successive host‐replacing phreatic calcrete hardpans of the Visean Clyde Sandstone Formation within the same group, underlining their potential as stratigraphic markers and palaeoenvironmental indicators.
What Kind of Cognitive Technology Is the “Memory House”?
Authors: Riggsby Andrew M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAncient Roman “technical memory” is not (as much of the modern specialist literature would have it) a generative technology of association. Rather it is (as a literal reading of the texts would suggest) a specialized tool for precise serial recall. Modern experimental evidence both confirms the fitness for the purpose of the technique and shows why that purpose is not trivial, as some have suggested. While the mechanism(s) by which the technique operates are not fully understood, a review of the current literature suggests that it would have had the advantage over other mnemonic techniques by virtue of recruiting a variety of cognitive capacities. These likely include spatial/navigational mechanisms and possibly visual/imagery‐based ones as well. Finally, small differences between the method as recorded in the ancient texts and similar methods that have been the subject of laboratory experiments are used to suggest possible directions for further experimentation.
Geography and climate vulnerabilities
Authors: Liverman Diana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGeography and geographers have a long and influential history of research on climate change, with a significant impact on scholarship, international assessments and public policy. In this commentary, I focus on geographic work on climate vulnerability, arguing that geographers have been fundamental to our understanding of the impacts of climate variability and climate hazards and to the assessments of Working Group 2 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Geographic work on climate vulnerability is traced to pioneering work in hazards and cultural ecology and to the rise of critical perspectives on the political economy and political ecology of hazards and then climate change. I discuss the role of geographers in the IPCC from 1990 to present and the importance of concepts originating in geography such as vulnerability mapping, double exposure, borderless climate risks, discourses, intersectionality, climate‐resilient development, labour vulnerabilities and maladaptation.
Evaluation of biofilm assembly and microbial diversity on a freshwater, ferrous-hulled shipwreck
Authors: Shostak Maggie O. , Cox Meredith A. , Richards Nathan , Field Erin K. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Abandoned shipwrecks are sitting at the bottom of oceans, lakes, and rivers around the world. Over time, microbial-comprised biofilms can help protect wrecks against chemical corrosion or contribute to their deterioration through microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) by organisms including iron-oxidizing bacteria (FeOB) and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Assessing the community assembly of these biofilms will give us a better understanding of the role these microbes play in MIC and the factors that influence it. Here, we determine if microbial community composition differs across a shallow freshwater ferrous-hulled shipwreck environment. Results suggest that there was a statistically significant difference among the sample types indicating the wreck environments around
Accomac
influenced the community composition. This is consistent with previous observations within an estuarine, shallow-water wreck environment.
Bacteroidota
,
Chloroflexota
, and
Cyanobacteriota
were the primary taxa responsible for differences among these wreck environments. Interestingly, port-side biofilm communities were significantly different than those on the starboard side suggesting physical factors of the environment drove niche partitioning on each side of the wreck. Similarly, FeOB enrichments and known FeOB taxa were found across the entire wreck but were primarily found in samples associated with the port side of the wreck. Amplicon sequencing identified both known FeOB and SRB taxa with a higher proportion of FeOB than SRB. Overall, these results indicate that there is niche partitioning of the microbial communities as well as with corrosion-causing taxa within a shallow freshwater wreck site which may lead to variation in how microbes may contribute to the protection or deterioration of these ferrous-hulled wrecks.

IMPORTANCE

The overall structure, abundance, and diversity of microbial communities on shipwrecks have recently been studied in marine aquatic environments. While previous studies have looked at the microbial communities associated with shallow-water ferrous-hulled wrecks in marine environments, studies focusing on freshwater wreck systems are limited. The purpose of this study was to determine microbial community diversity and composition trends across the
Accomac
shipwreck environment. Furthermore, shipwrecks are colonized by corrosion-causing taxa, such as iron-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria which have been shown to influence the biocorrosion of ferrous-hulled structures. Identification of various microbes in biofilms, as well as corrosion-causing microbes, can help researchers identify the role they play in aquatic ecosystem development and persistence as well as artificial reef integrity. Understanding how microbes assemble on wrecks will provide insight into preservation strategies to prevent deterioration of these wrecks over time, as well as limiting biocorrosion of similar structures.
The State of Gonads of Spawners of Whitespotted Char Salvelinus leucomaenis, Northern Dolly Varden S. malma, and Whitespotted Char × Dolly Warden Hybrids from the Utkholok River in the Light of the Problem of Interspecific Hybridization in Chars of the Genus Salvelinus (Salmonidae)
Authors: Kuzishchin K. V. , Emel’yanova N. G. , Gruzdeva M. A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Macro- and microscopic studies of the state of the gonads of spawners of whitespotted char Salvelinus leucomaenis, Dolly Varden S. malma, and whitespotted char × Dolly Varden hybrids from the Utkholok River (northwestern Kamchatka) in the post-spawning period have revealed no anomalies in the structure of the gonads and their cytological state. The generative tissue of the testes and ovaries contained germ cells of subsequent generations, which indicates the capability of post-spawned individuals for repeated maturation and reproduction in the next year. The state of the gonads of hybrid individuals fully corresponds to that of polycyclic salmon fishes (Salmonidae) and does not differ from the parental species, whitespotted char and Dolly Varden; their gametogenesis has no visible deviations. This indicates the potential capacity of the hybrids from the Utkholok River for reproduction and maintaining their own population, in contrast to many other cases of interspecific hybridization in salmonids described in the literature. The resulting data on the state of the gonads and the results of the previous genetic analysis of hybrids indicate an important feature of the “Utkholok River” hybrid zone for chars of the genus Salvelinus, such as the transition of the entire system to the state of the so-called “hybrid swarm.” This may lead to a scenario when hybrids can move to the next stage of microevolutionary processes, which will lead to their isolation from the parental species.
Status and influencing factors of knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to screening for breast and cervical cancer among rural women aged 40–65 years in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Liao Yuexia , Ye Linfei , Cai Qian , Song Huizi , Zhao Yuqiu , Shang Xingchen , Tian Ting 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesThe objectives are to investigate the status of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) and to identify factors related to KAP towards breast and cervical cancer screening among rural Chinese women aged 40–65 years.Design and settingThis cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2020 in rural areas of eastern China.ParticipantsThis study involved 301 rural women aged 40–65 years.Variables and outcomesThe questionnaire included demographic information and the KAP related to breast and cervical cancer screening. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used for the multifactor analysis.ResultsA total of 301 rural women aged 40–65 years participated in the survey. The overall score of KAP was (62.41±11.24), and the scores of each KAP domain relating to screening for breast and cervical cancer among participants in rural areas were (1.82±0.97), (44.52±7.20) and (16.06±4.56), respectively. The following factors were significantly associated with the total KAP Score relating to breast and cervical cancer screening among rural women aged 40–65 years, explaining 35% of the variance (p<0.001): aged 50–54 (β=−0.160, 95% CI −7.403 to −0.794), aged 55–59 (β=−0.266, 95% CI −10.763 to −3.757), aged 60–65 (β=−0.243, 95% CI −12.504 to −4.331), junior high school (β=0.186, 95% CI 1.287 to 7.064), housewife (β=0.172, 95% CI 0.849 to 6.868), other work (β=0.171, 95% CI 3.818 to 15.044), annual household income ranging from 50 000 to 79 999 (β=0.281, 95% CI 3.887 to 10.458) and annual household income≥80 000 (β=0.330, 95% CI 4.735 to 11.554).ConclusionsThe status of KAP related to breast and cervical cancer screening still requires improvement. Measures to enhance the participation of the two-cancer screening should be provided to rural women aged between 50 and 65 years with lower education level and lower annual household income, especially women who are farmers.
Perceptions of hearing loss and hearing technology among the general public and healthcare providers: a scoping review
Authors: Dillard Lauren K , Mishra Pallavi , Der Carolina M , Chadha Shelly 
Published: October 2024

Objectives
Synthesise literature related to perceptions of hearing loss and hearing technology (hearing aids, cochlear implants) among the general public and healthcare providers who do not specialise in ear and hearing care.

Design
Scoping review.

Data sources
We searched three databases (PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Medline) in August 2023 for peer-reviewed articles from inception to 2023.

Eligibility criteria
Peer-reviewed articles or grey literature published in English or Spanish and that were observational or mixed methods were eligible for inclusion. Studies were included if they presented results from original research focused on perceptions of hearing loss and/or hearing technology among the general public and/or healthcare providers who do not specialise in ear and hearing care.

Data extraction and synthesis
Two reviewers extracted and verified study data, which are synthesised in tables and in the text.

Results
Twenty-nine peer-reviewed articles were included, 21 of which focused on samples of the general public and 8 on samples of healthcare providers. Perceptions about persons with hearing loss and the use of hearing technology are varied but often negative. The general public and healthcare providers often perceive hearing loss as less serious than other health conditions, including other sensory impairments. In many settings worldwide, the perception that non-biomedical factors, such as curses or evil spirits, can cause hearing loss is common. Importantly, studies showed training that aimed to raise awareness about hearing loss might improve negative or inaccurate perceptions of hearing loss and hearing technology.

Conclusions
Perceptions of hearing loss and hearing technology are varied but often misinformed and negative. Such information could inform initiatives to raise awareness and change behaviours guided by those perceptions. Ultimately, changing the public’s and healthcare providers’ perceptions of hearing loss could encourage individuals with hearing loss to seek hearing care in a timely and appropriate manner.