bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variable carbon losses from recurrent fires in drained tropical peatlands
Authors: Konecny Kristina , Ballhorn Uwe , Navratil Peter , Jubanski Juilson , Page Susan E. , Tansey Kevin , Hooijer Aljosja , Vernimmen Ronald , Siegert Florian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTropical peatland fires play a significant role in the context of global warming through emissions of substantial amounts of greenhouse gases. However, the state of knowledge on carbon loss from these fires is still poorly developed with few studies reporting the associated mass of peat consumed. Furthermore, spatial and temporal variations in burn depth have not been previously quantified. This study presents the first spatially explicit investigation of fire‐driven tropical peat loss and its variability. An extensive airborne Light Detection and Ranging data set was used to develop a prefire peat surface modelling methodology, enabling the spatially differentiated quantification of burned area depth over the entire burned area. We observe a strong interdependence between burned area depth, fire frequency and distance to drainage canals. For the first time, we show that relative burned area depth decreases over the first four fire events and is constant thereafter. Based on our results, we revise existing peat and carbon loss estimates for recurrent fires in drained tropical peatlands. We suggest values for the dry mass of peat fuel consumed that are 206 t ha−1 for initial fires, reducing to 115 t ha−1 for second, 69 t ha−1 for third and 23 t ha−1 for successive fires, which are 58–7% of the current IPCC Tier 1 default value for all fires. In our study area, this results in carbon losses of 114, 64, 38 and 13 t C ha−1 for first to fourth fires, respectively. Furthermore, we show that with increasing proximity to drainage canals both burned area depth and the probability of recurrent fires increase and present equations explaining burned area depth as a function of distance to drainage canal. This improved knowledge enables a more accurate approach to emissions accounting and will support IPCC Tier 2 reporting of fire emissions.
BAY 81‐8973 safety and efficacy for prophylaxis and treatment of bleeds in previously treated children with severe haemophilia A: results of the LEOPOLD Kids Trial
Authors: Ljung R. , Kenet G. , Mancuso M. E. , Kaleva V. , Rusen L. , Tseneklidou‐Stoeter D. , Michaels L. A. , Shah A. , Hong W. , Maas Enriquez M. ,   the investigators of the LEOPOLD Kids Trial
Published: December 2015

IntroductionBAY 81‐8973, a full‐length, unmodified, recombinant factor VIII (FVIII) in development for treatment of haemophilia A, has the same primary amino acid sequence as Bayer's sucrose‐formulated recombinant FVIII but is produced with more advanced manufacturing technologies.AimTo demonstrate safety and efficacy of BAY 81‐8973 for prophylaxis and treatment of bleeds in previously treated children.MethodsIn this phase III, multicentre, open‐label, nonrandomized study, boys aged ≤12 years with severe haemophilia A and ≥50 exposure days (EDs) to FVIII products received prophylaxis with BAY 81‐8973 25–50 IU kg−1 ≥2 times weekly for ≥50 EDs. The efficacy endpoint was annualized number of total bleeds. Adverse events (AEs) and immunogenicity were assessed.ResultsFifty‐one patients were treated (age: <6 years, n = 25; 6–<12 years, n = 26) with a 2× per week (43%) or >2× per week (57%) regimen at study start. Median [quartile 1; quartile 3 (Q1; Q3)] annualized number of bleeds for the combined age groups was 1.90 (0; 6.02) for total bleeds, 0 (0; 2.01) for joint bleeds and 0 (0; 0) for spontaneous bleeds. Median (Q1; Q3) annualized number of total bleeds within 48 h of previous prophylaxis infusion was 1.88 (0; 3.97) for children aged <6 years and 0 (0; 1.96) for children aged 6–<12 years. No drug‐related serious AEs or inhibitors were reported.ConclusionsProphylaxis with BAY 81‐8973 using individualized prophylaxis regimens of 2× per week, 3× per week and every‐other‐day infusions was efficacious in prevention and treatment of bleeds in children with severe haemophilia A. Treatment with BAY 81‐8973 was well tolerated.
Practical management of myelofibrosis with ruxolitinib
Authors: Ho P. J. , Marlton P. , Tam C. , Stevenson W. , Ritchie D. , Bird R. , Dunlop L. C. , Durrant S. , Ross D. M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTreatment for the majority of patients with myelofibrosis is primarily based on symptom control as curative allogeneic stem cell transplantation is typically offered only to younger patients, especially those with poor prognosis disease. Around 50% of patients with myelofibrosis have the JAK2V617F mutation, but almost all patients have aberrant activation of the JAK‐STAT signalling pathway. Recent efforts have focussed on the clinical use of JAK2 inhibitors to treat myelofibrosis. In this article, we present our recommendations for the practical management of myelofibrosis with ruxolitinib, a selective inhibitor of both JAK1 and JAK2. Ruxolitinib can significantly improve the quality of life of patients with myelofibrosis. There is also increasing evidence of a positive impact on survival. Consistent with the physiological role of JAK signalling the major toxicity of ruxolitinib is cytopenia. Managing cytopenia is key to maximising the therapeutic benefit of ruxolitinib. Further research into the safety of ruxolitinib in patients with thrombocytopenia is warranted, as is its role in special subgroups of patients, such as those undergoing stem cell transplantation and those experiencing thrombosis as a major manifestation of myelofibrosis.
miR‐212 downregulation contributes to the protective effect of exercise against non‐alcoholic fatty liver via targeting FGF‐21
Authors: Xiao Junjie , Bei Yihua , Liu Jingqi , Dimitrova‐Shumkovska Jasmina , Kuang Dapeng , Zhou Qiulian , Li Jin , Yang Yanning , Xiang Yang , Wang Fei , Yang Changqing , Yang Wenzhuo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with obesity and lifestyle, while exercise is beneficial for NAFLD. Dysregulated microRNAs (miRs) control the pathogenesis of NAFLD. However, whether exercise could prevent NAFLD via targeting microRNA is unknown. In this study, normal or high‐fat diet (HF) mice were either subjected to a 16‐week running program or kept sedentary. Exercise attenuated liver steatosis in HF mice. MicroRNA array and qRT‐PCR demonstrated that miR‐212 was overexpressed in HF liver, while reduced by exercise. Next, we investigated the role of miR‐212 in lipogenesis using HepG2 cells with/without long‐chain fatty acid treatment (±FFA). FFA increased miR‐212 in HepG2 cells. Moreover, miR‐212 promoted lipogenesis in HepG2 cells (±FFA). Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)‐21, a key regulator for lipid metabolism, was negatively regulated by miR‐212 at protein level in HepG2 cells. Meanwhile, FFA downregulated FGF‐21 both at mRNA and protein levels in HepG2 cells. Also, FGF‐21 protein level was reduced in HF liver, while reversed by exercise in vivo. Furthermore, siRNA‐FGF‐21 abolished the lipogenesis‐reducing effect of miR‐212 inhibitor in HepG2 cells (±FFA), validating FGF‐21 as a target gene of miR‐212. These data link the benefit of exercise and miR‐212 downregulation in preventing NAFLD via targeting FGF‐21.
Aberrant expression of Arpin in human breast cancer and its clinical significance
Authors: Liu Xiangping , Zhao Bin , Wang Haibo , Wang Yu , Niu Mengdi , Sun Ming , Zhao Yang , Yao Ruyong , Qu Zhiqiang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractArpin (Arp2/3 complex inhibitor), a novel protein found in 2013, plays a pivotal role in cell motility and migration. However, the precise role of Arpin in cancer is unclear. This study investigated the expression of Arpin in breast cancer and evaluated its correlation with the characteristics of clinical pathology and prognosis of breast cancer patients. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Arpin protein was performed on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded 176 breast cancer tissues and 43 normal breast tissues while qRT‐PCR for Arpin mRNA with 104 paired tumour and paratumoural tissues from breast cancer patients respectively. The association of Arpin expression with clinical pathological features and survival was assessed in a retrospective cohort analysis of patients. The results showed that the expression of Arpin protein in cancer tissues was lower compared to that in normal breast and the expression of Arpin mRNA was also lower in cancer tissues than that in the matched paratumoural tissues. Among the 176 breast cancer patients, the lower expression of Arpin was significantly associated with advanced tumour, nodes and metastasis system stage, and the reduced Arpin expression was strongly associated with axillary lymph node metastasis using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis [odds ratio: 3.242; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.526, 6.888; P < 0.05]. Furthermore, Arpin expression was an independent risk factor for recurrence‐free survival (HR: 0.373; 95% CI: 0.171, 0.813; P < 0.05). As Arpin expression was first examined in human breast cancer tissues with qRT‐PCR and IHC, our results suggest that Arpin downregulation may contribute to the initiation and development of breast cancer metastasis. Therefore, as a potential predictive marker, Arpin deserves future studies.
MicroRNA‐425‐5p regulates chemoresistance in colorectal cancer cells via regulation of Programmed Cell Death 10
Authors: Zhang Ye , Hu Xingqian , Miao Xiaofei , Zhu Kuiyu , Cui Songkui , Meng Qingyang , Sun Jialin , Wang Tong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAcquired chemoresistance represents a major obstacle in cancer treatment, the underlying mechanism of which is complex and not well understood. MiR‐425‐5p has been reported to be implicated tumorigenesis in a few cancer types. However, its role in regulating chemoresistance has not been investigated in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Microarray analysis was performed in isogenic chemosensitive and chemoresistant HCT116 cell lines to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. miRNA quantitative real‐time PCR was used to detect miR‐425‐5p expression levels between drug resistant and parental cancer cells. MiR‐425‐5p mimic and inhibitor were transfected, followed by CellTiter‐Glo® assay to examine drug sensitivity in these two cell lines. Western Blot and luciferase assay were performed to investigate the direct target of miR‐425‐5p. Xenograft mouse models were used to examine in vivo function of miR‐425‐5p. Our data showed that expression of miR‐425‐5p was significantly up‐regulated in HCT116‐R compared with parental HCT116 cells. Inhibition of miR‐425‐5p reversed chemoresistance in HCT116‐R cells. Programmed cell death 10 (PDCD10) is the direct target of miR‐425‐5p which is required for the regulatory role of miR‐425‐5p in chemoresistance. MiR‐425‐5p inhibitor sensitized HCT116‐R xenografts to chemo drugs in vivo. Our study demonstrated that miR‐425‐5p regulates chemoresistance of CRC cells by modulating PDCD10 expression level both in vitro and in vivo. MiR‐425‐5p may represent a new therapeutic target for the intervention of CRC.
The JP2 genotype of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and marginal periodontitis in the mixed dentition
Authors: Jensen Anne Birkeholm , Ennibi Oum Keltoum , Ismaili Zouheir , Poulsen Knud , Haubek Dorte 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimTo perform a cross‐sectional study on the carrier frequency of JP2 and non‐JP2 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans in Moroccan school children and relate the presence of these genotypes to the periodontal status in the mixed dentition.Material and MethodsA plaque sample from 513 children was analysed by PCR. JP2 genotype‐positive subjects (n = 46), an equally sized group of non‐JP2 genotype‐positive subjects, and an A. actinomycetemcomitans‐negative group were randomly chosen among the remaining subjects for clinical and radiographic examination.ResultsAmong 513 children, 46 (9.0%) carried the JP2 genotype and 186 (36.3%) were positive for non‐JP2 genotypes, whereas A. actinomycetemcomitans could not be detected in the remaining 281 subjects. Among 75 subjects with mixed dentition and selected for clinical examination, clinical attachment loss (CAL) ≥3 mm at two or more periodontal sites on primary teeth was found in the JP2 genotype‐positive group only. In total, 6.7% of subjects with primary teeth present showed CAL ≥3 mm at two or more sites.ConclusionsThe carrier frequency of the JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans was at a comparable level to frequencies previously found in Moroccan adolescent populations. Clinical attachment loss, manifesting already in the primary dentition, was found only in the group of Moroccan children carrying the JP2 genotype of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Diode laser for harvesting de‐epithelialized palatal graft in the treatment of gingival recession defects: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Ozcelik Onur , Seydaoglu Gulsah , Haytac Cenk Mehmet 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimsThe aim of present randomized controlled clinical study was to evaluate the effects of the use of diode laser for graft harvesting and palatal wound irradiation on post‐operative morbidity and root coverage outcomes after a coronally advanced flap (CAF) with de‐epithelialized gingival grafts (DGG).MethodsFifty‐two patients with isolated recessions were treated. The CTG resulted from the de‐epithelialization of a free gingival graft (FGG) with blade (control group:DGG‐B) or diode laser (DL) (test group:DGG‐L). The DL was used to de‐epithelialize the outer part of the FGG and photo‐biostimulate the palatal wound area. Post‐operative morbidity was evaluated by using Oral Health‐related Quality of Life (OHQoL) and Visual Analogue Scale‐discomfort (VAS). Root coverage outcomes were also evaluated 6 months after operation.ResultsStatistically significant differences were found for OHQoL (p = 0.0001) and VAS (p = 0.0001) at the 7th day post‐operatively favouring test sites. Root coverage results did not show a statistically significant difference.ConclusionsWhile both techniques were effective with regard to root coverage at 6 months, the DGG‐L technique decreased post‐operative morbidity associated with palatal donor‐site surgery.
Loss of molars in periodontally treated patients: results 10 years and more after active periodontal therapy
Authors: Dannewitz Bettina , Zeidler Anna , Hüsing Johannes , Saure Daniel , Pfefferle Thorsten , Eickholz Peter , Pretzl Bernadette 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimTo identify risk factors for loss of molars during supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).Materials and MethodsA total of 136 subjects with 1015 molars at baseline were examined retrospectively. The association of risk factors with loss of molars was assessed using a multilevel Cox regression analysis. Furcation involvement (FI) was assessed clinically at start of periodontal therapy and assigned according to Hamp et al. (1975).ResultsFifty molars were extracted during active periodontal therapy (APT) and 154 molars over the average SPT period of 13.2 ± 2.8 years. FI degree III (HR 4.68, p < 0.001), baseline bone loss (BL) > 60% (HR 3.74, p = 0.009), residual mean probing pocket depth (PPD, HR 1.43, p = 0.027), and endodontic treatment (HR 2.98, p < 0.001) were identified as relevant tooth‐related factors for loss of molars during SPT. However, mean survival time for molars with FI III or BL > 60% were 11.8 and 14.4 years, respectively. Among the patient data, age (HR 1.57, p = 0.01), female gender (HR 1.99, p = 0.035), smoking (HR 1.97, p = 0.034), and diabetes mellitus (HR 5.25, p = 0.021) were significant predictors for loss of molars.ConclusionOverall, periodontal therapy results in a good prognosis of molars. Degree III FI, progressive BL, endodontic treatment, residual PPD, age, female gender, smoking, and diabetes mellitus strongly influence the prognosis for molars after APT.
Therapist‐youth agreement on alliance change predicts long‐term outcome in CBT for anxiety disorders
Authors: Fjermestad Krister W. , Lerner Matthew D. , McLeod Bryce D. , Wergeland Gro Janne H. , Heiervang Einar R. , Silverman Wendy K. , Öst Lars‐Göran , De Los Reyes Andres , Havik Odd E. , Haugland Bente S.M. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundIn individual cognitive behavioral therapy (ICBT) for youth anxiety disorders, it is unclear whether, and from whose perspective, the alliance predicts outcome. We examined whether youth‐ and therapist‐rated alliance, including level of youth‐therapist alliance agreement, predicted outcome in a randomized controlled trial.MethodsYouth (N = 91, M age = 11.4 years (SD = 2.1), 49.5% boys, 86.8% Caucasian) diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, or generalized anxiety disorder drawn from the ICBT condition of an effectiveness trial were treated with an ICBT program. Youth‐ and therapist‐rated alliance ratings, assessed with the Therapeutic Alliance Scale for Children (TASC‐C/T), were collected following session 3 (early) and 7 (late). Early alliance, change in alliance from early to late, and level of youth‐therapist agreement on early alliance and alliance change were examined, in relation to outcomes collected at posttreatment and 1‐year follow‐up. Outcome was defined as primary diagnosis loss and reduction in clinicians' severity ratings (CSR; Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule; ADIS‐C/P) based on youth‐ and parent‐report at posttreatment and follow‐up, and youth treatment satisfaction collected at posttreatment (Client Satisfaction Scale; CSS).ResultsEarly TASC‐C scores positively predicted treatment satisfaction at posttreatment. Higher levels of agreement on change in TASC‐C and TASC‐T scores early to late in treatment predicted diagnosis loss and CSR reduction at follow‐up.ConclusionsOnly the level of agreement in alliance change predicted follow‐up outcomes in ICBT for youth anxiety disorders. The findings support further examination of the role that youth‐therapist alliance discrepancies may play in promoting positive outcomes in ICBT for youth anxiety disorders. Clinical trial number NCT00586586, clinicaltrials.gov.
Clinical patterns and associated factors in patients with hand eczema of primarily occupational origin
Authors: Brans R. , John S.M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundHand eczema (HE) is the most common skin disease acquired at work. It presents in different clinical patterns.ObjectiveTo classify different types of HE according to their clinical pattern and associated factors in patients taking part in a tertiary individual prevention programme (TIP) for occupational skin diseases.MethodsIn a retrospective cohort study, the medical records of 843 patients taking part in the TIP were evaluated. HE was classified into three clinical subtypes: vesicular HE, hyperkeratotic HE and HE with erythema and desquamation.ResultsAbout 723 patients (85.8%) suffered from HE. Female TIP patients with HE were significantly younger (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96–0.99) and had a higher prevalence of flexural eczema (OR 1.60, 95% CI 1.15–2.23) and an atopic HE component (OR 1.84, 95% CI 1.36–2.48) than men. Vesicular HE was more common in women (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.07–1.94) and significantly associated with hyperhidrosis (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.23–2.33), flexural eczema (OR 1.37, 95% CI 0.99–1.89) and an atopic HE component (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.44–2.61). Hyperkeratotic HE was more frequent in men (OR 3.70, 95% CI 2.27–6.25) and associated with older age (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.06). The cohort of patients with HE characterized by erythema and desquamation was very heterogeneous. Vesicular HE was significantly associated with tobacco smoking (OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.40–2.68), while hyperkeratotic HE was significantly less common in smokers (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.22–0.65).ConclusionEnvironmental and individual factors are associated with different clinical patterns of HE in patients taking part in the TIP. They may influence the prognosis and should be considered in the individual management of disease. Tobacco smoking may be in particular a risk factor for vesicular HE.
Quality of life in patients with alopecia areata: a hospital‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Janković S. , Perić J. , Maksimović N. , Ćirković A. , Marinković J. , Janković J. , Reljić V. , Medenica L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies suggest that alopecia areata (AA) may significantly affect patient quality of life (QoL). There are no studies that assess QoL in Serbian AA patients.ObjectivesThis study aims to assess the impact of AA on patients' QoL in comparison to patients affected by other skin diseases and to determine the impact of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of AA patients on QoL.MethodsA hospital‐based cross‐sectional study of 60 patients with AA was conducted at the Clinic of Dermatovenereology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade between April 2012 and June 2013. The severity of hair loss was assessed using the Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT). Patients' self‐assessment of QoL was measured by three self‐administered questionnaires: The Short Form‐36 Health Survey (SF‐36), Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) and The Skindex‐29.ResultsSixty AA patients (16 males and 44 females) with mean age of 37.35 ± 14.26 years completed the questionnaires. We confirmed that QoL of our AA patients was impaired. Compared with patients suffering from psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and onychomycosis AA patients presented significantly better QoL. Severity of disease (SALT) correlated only with personal relationship – dimension of DLQI (ρ = 0.29, P < 0.05) and social functioning – dimension of Skindex (ρ = 0.26, P < 0.05). No correlation was observed between severity of the disease and SF‐36 subscales. AA patients with depression had significantly worse QoL in daily activities, leisure, work or school and personal relationships – DLQI dimensions, and emotions and social functioning – Skindex subscales.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that AA influences QoL, but to a lesser degree than observed for psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and onychomycosis.
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment—Basic: A Screening Tool for Mild Cognitive Impairment in Illiterate and Low‐Educated Elderly Adults
Authors: Julayanont Parunyou , Tangwongchai Sookjaroen , Hemrungrojn Solaphat , Tunvirachaisakul Chawit , Phanthumchinda Kammant , Hongsawat Juntanee , Suwichanarakul Panida , Thanasirorat Saowaluck , Nasreddine Ziad S. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the validity of a newly developed cognitive screening tool, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment—Basic (MoCA‐B), in screening for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in elderly adults with low education and varying literacy.DesignCross‐sectional.SettingCommunity hospital in Bangkok, Thailand.ParticipantsCognitively normal controls (n = 43) and individuals with MCI according to the National Institute on Aging‐Alzheimer's Association work group criteria (n = 42) aged 55 to 80 with less than 5 years of education.MeasurementsMoCA‐B scores.ResultsMean MoCA‐B scores were 26.3 ± 1.6 for illiterate controls and 21.3 ± 3.8 for illiterate participants with MCI (P < .001) and 26.6 ± 2.0 for literate controls and 23.0 ± 2.1 for literate participants with MCI (P < .001). MoCA‐B scores did not differ significantly according to literacy, and multiple regression suggested no association with age or education. The optimal cutoff score of 24 out of 25 yielded 81% sensitivity and 86% specificity for MCI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.90, P < .001). Test–retest reliability was 0.91 (P < .001), and internal consistency was 0.82. Administration time was 15 to 21 minutes.ConclusionThe MoCA‐B appears to have excellent validity and addresses an unmet need by accurately screening for MCI in poorly educated older adults regardless of literacy.