bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a Fitness Tracker to Promote Physical Activity in Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Hooke Mary C. , Gilchrist Laura , Tanner Lynn , Hart Nicole , Withycombe Janice S. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundChildren with cancer identify fatigue as a pervasive symptom, which increases during the corticosteroid pulse in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) maintenance. The FitBit® is a fitness tracker that downloads activity measurements to the Internet in real time. In this feasibility study, we explored if children who received daily FitBit® coaching for 2 weeks before a maintenance steroid pulse had an increase in steps per day and determined the relationship between steps per day prepulse and fatigue postpulse.ProcedureSeventeen children in ALL maintenance, aged 6–15, wore the FitBit® for 3 days to establish a baseline. A tailored weekly step goal was then set with the child and parent. Daily emails with feedback and FitBit® screenshots were sent over the 2‐week intervention. Self‐report of fatigue was measured at baseline, after 2 weeks (i.e. before the steroid pulse), and after 5 days of steroids.ResultsThere was a trend toward increased steps per day from weeks 1–2 (P = 0.079); fatigue was low and did not increase during the corticosteroid pulse. A significant correlation (r = −0.66, P = 0.005) was found between the steps per day during week 2 and fatigue after the steroid pulse with higher steps associated with lower fatigue.ConclusionsThe intervention was feasible in this small sample. The average steps each time period (week 1, week 2, and during steroids) was over 10,000, demonstrating that children with ALL can be active during treatment. Physical activity may be protective of fatigue during a corticosteroid pulse.
Histology, Fusion Status, and Outcome in Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma With Low‐Risk Clinical Features: A Report From the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Arnold Michael A. , Anderson James R. , Gastier‐Foster Julie M. , Barr Frederic G. , Skapek Stephen X. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Raney R. Beverly , Parham David M. , Teot Lisa A. , Rudzinski Erin R. , Walterhouse David O. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundDistinguishing alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) from embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS) is of prognostic and therapeutic importance. Criteria for classifying these entities evolved significantly from 1995 to 2013. ARMS is associated with inferior outcome; therefore, patients with alveolar histology have generally been excluded from low‐risk therapy. However, patients with ARMS and low‐risk stage and group (Stage 1, Group I/II/orbit III; or Stage 2/3, Group I/II) were eligible for the Children's Oncology Group (COG) low‐risk rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) study D9602 from 1997 to 1999. The characteristics and outcomes of these patients have not been previously reported, and the histology of these cases has not been reviewed using current criteria.ProcedureWe re‐reviewed cases that were classified as ARMS on D9602 using current histologic criteria, determined PAX3/PAX7‐FOXO1 fusion status, and compared these data with outcome for this unique group of patients.ResultsThirty‐eight patients with ARMS were enrolled onto D9602. Only one‐third of cases with slides available for re‐review (11/33) remained classified as ARMS by current histologic criteria. Most cases were reclassified as ERMS (17/33, 51.5%). Cases that remained classified as ARMS were typically fusion‐positive (8/11, 73%), therefore current classification results in a similar rate of fusion‐positive ARMS for all clinical risk groups. In conjunction with data from COG intermediate‐risk treatment protocol D9803, our data demonstrate excellent outcomes for fusion‐negative ARMS with otherwise low‐risk clinical features.ConclusionsPatients with fusion‐positive RMS with low‐risk clinical features should be classified and treated as intermediate risk, while patients with fusion‐negative ARMS could be appropriately treated with reduced intensity therapy.
Gender differences in trusting strangers: Role of the target's gender
Authors: Zhao Na , Zhang Jianxin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPrevious findings on gender differences in the behaviors of individuals, including trusting behaviors, are inconsistent. A criticism is that these studies neglect contextual factors. The present study aims to examine how the target's gender, as a primary context factor, influences the trusting behavior of individuals in one survey and two experimental situations. Results indicate that people tend to trust strangers of the opposite gender more than those of the same gender in mixed‐gender situations. Furthermore, females trust females much more than males trust males. The results help people understand that when talking about gender differences in interpersonal situations, the gender identity of target persons should be considered. These findings are somewhat in conflict with those of previous studies conducted in Western cultures, and suggest that culture should also be explored in future studies on gender differences in interpersonal relationships.
Insights into regioselective metabolism of mefenamic acid by cytochrome P450 BM3 mutants through crystallography, docking, molecular dynamics, and free energy calculations
Authors: Capoferri Luigi , Leth Rasmus , ter Haar Ernst , Mohanty Arun K. , Grootenhuis Peter D. J. , Vottero Eduardo , Commandeur Jan N. M. , Vermeulen Nico P. E. , Jørgensen Flemming Steen , Olsen Lars , Geerke Daan P. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTCytochrome P450 BM3 (CYP102A1) mutant M11 is able to metabolize a wide range of drugs and drug‐like compounds. Among these, M11 was recently found to be able to catalyze formation of human metabolites of mefenamic acid and other nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Interestingly, single active‐site mutations such as V87I were reported to invert regioselectivity in NSAID hydroxylation. In this work, we combine crystallography and molecular simulation to study the effect of single mutations on binding and regioselective metabolism of mefenamic acid by M11 mutants. The heme domain of the protein mutant M11 was expressed, purified, and crystallized, and its X‐ray structure was used as template for modeling. A multistep approach was used that combines molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, and binding free‐energy calculations to address protein flexibility. In this way, preferred binding modes that are consistent with oxidation at the experimentally observed sites of metabolism (SOMs) were identified. Whereas docking could not be used to retrospectively predict experimental trends in regioselectivity, we were able to rank binding modes in line with the preferred SOMs of mefenamic acid by M11 and its mutants by including protein flexibility and dynamics in free‐energy computation. In addition, we could obtain structural insights into the change in regioselectivity of mefenamic acid hydroxylation due to single active‐site mutations. Our findings confirm that use of MD and binding free‐energy calculation is useful for studying biocatalysis in those cases in which enzyme binding is a critical event in determining the selective metabolism of a substrate. Proteins 2016; 84:383–396. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of family determining residues in Jumonji‐C lysine demethylases: A sequence‐based, family wide classification
Authors: Slama Patrick 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTHistone post‐translational modifications play a critical role in the regulation of gene expression. Methylation of lysines at N‐terminal tails of histones has been shown to be involved in such regulation. While this modification was long considered to be irreversible, two different classes of enzymes capable of carrying out the demethylation of histone lysines were recently identified: the oxidases, such as LSD1, and the oxygenases (JmjC‐containing). Here, a family‐wide analysis of the second of these classes is proposed, with over 300 proteins studied at the sequence level. We show that a correlated evolution analysis yields some position/residue pairs which are critical at comparing JmjC sequences and enables the classification of JmjC domains into five families. A few positions appear more frequently among conditions, such as positions 23 (directly C‐terminal to the second iron ligand), 24, 252 and 253 (directly N‐terminal to a conserved Asn). Implications of family conditions are studied in detail on PHF2, revealing the meaningfulness of the sequence‐derived conditions at the structural level. These results should help obtain insights on the diversity of JmjC‐containing proteins solely by considering some of the amino acids present in their JmjC domain. Proteins 2016; 84:397–407. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parasitic weed management by using strigolactone‐degrading fungi
Authors: Boari Angela , Ciasca Biancamaria , Pineda‐Martos Rocío , Lattanzio Veronica MT , Yoneyama Koichi , Vurro Maurizio 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDSeed germination is a key phase of the parasitic plant life cycle that is stimulated by the secondary metabolites, mainly strigolactones (SLs), secreted by the host roots. Interventions during this stage would be particularly suitable for parasitic weed management practices, as blocking these chemical signals would prevent seed germination and thus parasite attack. Four fungal strains with different ecological functions were considered for their possible ability to metabolise SLs: Fusarium oxysporum and F. solani, biocontrol agents of Phelipanche ramosa; Trichoderma harzianum, a potential biopesticide; Botrytis cinerea, a phytopathogenic fungus. Four different SLs [the natural strigol, 5‐deoxystrigol (5DS) and 4‐deoxyorobanchol (4DO), and the synthetic analogue GR24] were added to fungal cultures, followed by determination of the SL content by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.RESULTSDifferences were observed among microorganisms, treatments and SLs used. T. harzianum and F. oxysporum were the most capable of reducing the SL content; considering the whole set of fungi used, 5DS and 4DO proved to be the most degradable SLs.CONCLUSIONSBeneficial microscopic fungi could differently be used for biocontrolling parasitic weeds, acting as a ‘physiological’ barrier, by preventing the germination of their seeds through the ability to biotransform the stimulatory signals. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Phosphorylation Regulates Id2 Degradation and Mediates the Proliferation of Neural Precursor Cells
Authors: Sullivan Jaclyn M. , Havrda Matthew C. , Kettenbach Arminja N. , Paolella Brenton R. , Zhang Zhonghua , Gerber Scott A. , Israel Mark A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Inhibitor of DNA binding proteins (Id1-Id4) function to inhibit differentiation and promote proliferation of many different cell types. Among the Id family members, Id2 has been most extensively studied in the central nervous system (CNS). Id2 contributes to cultured neural precursor cell (NPC) proliferation as well as to the proliferation of CNS tumors such as glioblastoma that are likely to arise from NPC-like cells. We identified three phosphorylation sites near the N-terminus of Id2 in NPCs. To interrogate the importance of Id2 phosphorylation, Id2-/- NPCs were modified to express wild type (WT) Id2 or an Id2 mutant protein that could not be phosphorylated at the identified sites. We observed that NPCs expressing this mutant lacking phosphorylation near the N-terminus had higher steady-state levels of Id2 when compared to NPCs expressing WT Id2. This elevated level was the result of a longer half-life and reduced proteasome-mediated degradation. Moreover, NPCs expressing constitutively de-phosphorylated Id2 proliferated more rapidly than NPCs expressing WT Id2, a finding consistent with the well-characterized function of Id2 in driving proliferation. Observing that phosphorylation of Id2 modulates the degradation of this important cell-cycle regulator, we sought to identify a phosphatase that would stabilize Id2 enhancing its activity in NPCs and extended our analysis to include human glioblastoma-derived stem cells (GSCs). We found that expression of the phosphatase PP2A altered Id2 levels. Our findings suggest that inhibition of PP2A may be a novel strategy to regulate the proliferation of normal NPCs and malignant GSCs by decreasing Id2 levels.
Loss of Folliculin Disrupts Hematopoietic Stem Cell Quiescence and Homeostasis Resulting in Bone Marrow Failure
Authors: Baba Masaya , Toyama Hirofumi , Sun Lei , Takubo Keiyo , Suh Hyung-Chan , Hasumi Hisashi , Nakamura-Ishizu Ayako , Hasumi Yukiko , Klarmann Kimberly D. , Nakagata Naomi , Schmidt Laura S. , Linehan W. Marston , Suda Toshio , Keller Jonathan R. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Folliculin (FLCN) is an autosomal dominant tumor suppressor gene that modulates diverse signaling pathways required for growth, proliferation, metabolism, survival, motility, and adhesion. FLCN is an essential protein required for murine embryonic development, embryonic stem cell (ESC) commitment, and Drosophila germline stem cell maintenance, suggesting that Flcn may be required for adult stem cell homeostasis. Conditional inactivation of Flcn in adult hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) drives hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) into proliferative exhaustion resulting in the rapid depletion of HSPC, loss of all hematopoietic cell lineages, acute bone marrow (BM) failure, and mortality after 40 days. HSC that lack Flcn fail to reconstitute the hematopoietic compartment in recipient mice, demonstrating a cell-autonomous requirement for Flcn in HSC maintenance. BM cells showed increased phosphorylation of Akt and mTorc1, and extramedullary hematopoiesis was significantly reduced by treating mice with rapamycin in vivo, suggesting that the mTorc1 pathway was activated by loss of Flcn expression in hematopoietic cells in vivo. Tfe3 was activated and preferentially localized to the nucleus of Flcn knockout (KO) HSPCs. Tfe3 overexpression in HSPCs impaired long-term hematopoietic reconstitution in vivo, recapitulating the Flcn KO phenotype, and supporting the notion that abnormal activation of Tfe3 contributes to the Flcn KO phenotype. Flcn KO mice develop an acute histiocytic hyperplasia in multiple organs, suggesting a novel function for Flcn in macrophage development. Thus, Flcn is intrinsically required to maintain adult HSC quiescence and homeostasis, and Flcn loss leads to BM failure and mortality in mice.
Measuring Outcomes of Laparoscopic Anti‐reflux Surgery: Quality of Life Versus Symptom Scores?
Authors: Koetje Jan H. , Nieuwenhuijs Vincent B. , Irvine Tanya , Mayne George C. , Watson David I. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionOutcome following fundoplication for gastroesophageal reflux can be measured using objective tests, symptom scores and quality of life (QoL) measures. Which is best and how these assessments correlate is uncertain. To determine the utility of assessment measures we compared a general QoL measure (SF‐36) and a disease‐specific measure (GERD‐hr‐QoL) with symptom and satisfaction scores in individuals following fundoplication.Methods329 individuals underwent fundoplication between 2000 and 2015 in 2 centres in Australia and the Netherlands. Patients were assessed before and 3, 12 and 24 months after surgery using 10‐point Likert scales to assess heartburn and satisfaction, the SF‐36 questionnaire and the GERD‐hr‐QoL questionnaire. SF‐36 scores were converted into component scores: Physical Component Scale (PCS) score and Mental Component Scale (MCS) score. Correlations between QoL measures and clinical outcomes were determined.ResultsSurgery relieved heartburn (7.0 vs. 0.0 median, P < 0.001) and patients were highly satisfied with the outcome (median 9.0). PCS and MCS scores improved after surgery (PCS 40.9 vs. 46.0, P < 0.001; MCS 47.6 vs. 50.3, P = 0.027). GERD‐hr‐QoL scores also improved after surgery (15.7 vs. 3.7, P < 0.001). Correlations between PCS and MCS scores versus heartburn and satisfaction scores were generally weak or absent. However, correlations between GERD‐hr‐QoL versus heartburn and satisfaction scores were moderate to strong.ConclusionDespite improvements in scores, the SF‐36 correlated poorly with clinical outcome measures, and its use to measure outcome following fundoplication is questioned. However, the GERD‐hr‐QoL correlated well with the symptom scores, suggesting this disease‐specific QoL measure is a better tool for assessing anti‐reflux surgery outcome.
Induced expression of microsomal cytochrome b 5 determined at mRNA and protein levels in rats exposed to ellipticine, benzo[a]pyrene, and 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (Sudan I)
Authors: Stiborová Marie , Moserová Michaela , Mrízová Iveta , Dračínská Helena , Martínek Václav , Indra Radek , Frei Eva , Adam Vojtěch , Kizek René , Schmeiser Heinz H. , Kubáčková Kateřina , Arlt Volker M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe microsomal protein cytochromeb5, which is located in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum, has been shown to modulate many reactions catalyzed by cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. We investigated the influence of exposure to the anticancer drug ellipticine and to two environmental carcinogens, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and 1-phenylazo-2-naphthol (Sudan I), on the expression of cytochromeb5in livers of rats, both at the mRNA and protein levels. We also studied the effects of these compounds on their own metabolism and the formation of DNA adducts generated by their activation metabolite(s) in vitro. The relative amounts of cytochromeb5mRNA, measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, were induced by the test compounds up to 11.7-fold in rat livers. Western blotting using antibodies raised against cytochromeb5showed that protein expression was induced by up to sevenfold in livers of treated rats. Microsomes isolated from livers of exposed rats catalyzed the oxidation of ellipticine, BaP, and Sudan I and the formation of DNA adducts generated by their reactive metabolite(s) more effectively than hepatic microsomes isolated from control rats. All test compounds are known to induce CYP1A1. This induction is one of the reasons responsible for increased oxidation of these xenobiotics by microsomes. However, induction of cytochromeb5can also contribute to their enhanced metabolism.Graphical abstract
A Modified Method for the Determination of N‐Nitrosodiethanolamine in Coconut Diethanolamide Using HPLC with Dual‐Wavelength UV–Vis Detector
Authors: Mostafalu Ramin , Banaei Abbas , Riazi Mohammad Hadi , Ghorbani Fatemeh 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA simple and novel method based on high‐performance liquid chromatography with dual‐wavelength ultraviolet detection at 234 and 254 nm has been developed for the determination of underivatized N‐nitrosodiethanolamine in coconut diethanolamide. The correlation coefficient obtained shows that the method is correct.
Fatty Acids Profile and Chemical Composition of Egyptian Moringa oleifera Seed Oils
Authors: Aly Amina A. , Maraei Rabab W. , Ali Hoda G. M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMoringa oleifera is grown all over the world as a crop for its nutritious pods, leaves and seeds. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the oil percentage, density, iodine value, saponification value, acid value and fatty acid profile of Egyptian moringa Seed oils. Moringa seeds were irradiated using 60Co at dose levels of 0.0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 kGy and oil was extracted from unirradiated and irradiated samples. Results showed that the oil percentage and density were almost unaffected. Irradiation reduced the iodine value, whereas the acid and saponification values were increased in all irradiated samples. The oil was found to contain high levels of unsaturated fatty acids, especially an omega‐9‐fatty acid (oleic) (up to 76.29 %) at a dose level of 15 kGy. Also at the same dose level, the dominant saturated acids were palmitic, stearic acid and arachidic (the three up to 12.66 %). GC–MS revealed the presence of different compounds (more than 50) in the moringa oil extract, among them alkaloids, terpenoids steroids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons and polyphenolic compounds. Phenolic and falvonoid were significantly increased by increasing irradiation dose levels. Also, the antioxidant activity of irradiated seed oil increased by increasing the phenolic and flavonoid contents. Moringa oleifera could be grown by wide scale production as a potentially valuable crop. However, isolation of individual compounds and their biological activities needs to be covered in future to enhance its pharmacological importance and to open new avenues of research.
`Measuring cognitive load: mixed results from a handover simulation for medical students
Authors: Young John Q. , Irby David M. , Barilla-LaBarca Maria-Louise , Ten Cate Olle , O’Sullivan Patricia S. 
Published: January 2016

Introduction The application of cognitive load theory to workplace-based activities such as patient handovers is hindered by the absence of a measure of the different load types. This exploratory study tests a method for measuring cognitive load during handovers.
Methods The authors developed the Cognitive Load Inventory for Handoffs (CLI4H) with items for intrinsic, extraneous, and germane load. Medical students completed the measure after participating in a simulated handover. Exploratory factor and correlation analyses were performed to collect evidence for validity.
Results Results yielded a two-factor solution for intrinsic and germane load that explained 50 % of the variance. The extraneous load items performed poorly and were removed from the model. The score for intrinsic load correlated with the Paas Cognitive Load scale (r = 0.31, p = 0.004) and was lower for students with more prior handover training (p = 0.036). Intrinsic load did not, however, correlate with performance. Germane load did not correlate with the Paas Cognitive Load scale but did correlate as expected with performance (r = 0.30, p = 0.005) and was lower for those students with more prior handover training (p = 0.03).
Conclusions The CLI4H yielded mixed results with some evidence for validity of the score from the intrinsic load items. The extraneous load items performed poorly and the use of only a single item for germane load limits conclusions. The instrument requires further development and testing.
Effects of residual stresses and compressive mean stresses on the fatigue strength of longitudinal fillet-welded gussets
Authors: Hensel Jonas , Nitschke-Pagel Thomas , Dilger Klaus 
Published: January 2016

AbstractResults from fatigue testing of small-scale specimens are widely used to study residual stress effects on fatigue of welded structures. It was observed from a literature that welding distortion may cover residual stress effects due to high-bending stresses from clamping. Here, presented are fatigue test results and results from residual stress measurements from welded longitudinal stiffeners in different residual stress conditions. The axial welding distortion was corrected for all samples by straightening reducing effects from clamping and making residual stress effects visible. It was found that the fatigue strength depends strongly on the stabilized residual stresses, especially at high numbers of load cycles. It could be shown that residual stresses at the weld toe either were far below the yield strength or were degraded mainly at the first load cycle but still have major effects. This was investigated at two stress ratios of R = −1 and R = −3.