bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les ironies de (la) serendipity dans l’œuvre de Robert K. Merton
Authors: Saint-Martin Arnaud 
Published: March 2017

Dans quelles circonstances et pourquoi Robert K. Merton a-t-il rencontré l’idée de serendipity ? Quelle place occupe-t-elle dans son œuvre ? Cet article propose de reconstituer pas à pas l’histoire de cette rencontre, qui ne manque pas d’ironie ni de piquant. En elle-même « sérendipienne », la découverte accidentelle mais tellement féconde du mot serendipity ouvrit à Merton nombre de pistes de recherche au cours des années 1940. Le concept intrigant de la découverte fortuite qui – entre autres vertus – engendre des résultats de nature à transformer la théorie promettait d’enrichir et de renouveler la connaissance objective. Mais la serendipity était plus qu’une recette heuristique à appliquer en science. Chez Merton, c’était aussi l’objet privilégié et « auto-exemplifiant » d’une sémantique sociologique des concepts, dont l’ambition est d’étudier les itinéraires des terminologies dans la culture. En retraçant la genèse de la recherche qu’il mena avec Elinor Barber sur l’histoire du mot et des significations parfois volatiles de la serendipity (recherche plus ou moins terminée en 1958, mais publiée seulement en 2002), on parviendra à saisir pourquoi ce thème revêtait pour Merton un double intérêt stratégique, à la fois épistémologique et autobiographique. On comprendra aussi pourquoi une nouvelle traduction en français du premier fragment d’article dans lequel le sociologue conceptualise la serendipity en 1948 est de bonne méthode sérendipienne.
Parental presence within households and the impact of antiretroviral therapy in Khayelitsha, Cape Town
Authors: Jury Catherine , Nattrass Nicoli 
Published: March 2017

Background. While household support is an important component of effective care and treatment in HIV/AIDS, there are few insights from Southern Africa into how household support arrangements change over time for patients starting antiretroviral therapy (ART).Objective. We hypothesised that patients initiating ART are more likely to be living with family, especially their mothers, compared with the general population, but that over time these differences disappear.Methods. A panel survey of ART patients was matched by age, gender and education to a comparison sample drawn from adults in Khayelitsha, Cape Town.Results. The results show that there is a substantial potential burden of care on the families of patients starting ART, particularly mothers, and that the use of ART appears to reduce this burden over time. But, even after their health is restored, ART patients are significantly less likely to have a resident sexual partner and more likely to be living in single-person households than their counterparts in the general population.
Diversity assessment among native Middle Egypt rabbit populations in North Upper-Egypt province by microsatellite polymorphism
Authors: Emam A.M. , Azoz A.A.A. , Mehaisen G.M.K. , Ferrand N. , Ahmed N.A. 
Published: March 2017

<p>Safeguarding biodiversity is an important goal for animal production in developed countries. This study investigated genetic diversity among native Middle-Egypt rabbit (NMER) populations in North Upper-Egypt province by using microsatellite polymorphism. Nineteen microsatellite loci were used in the study and an area of 231 km was surveyed, as native rabbits covered 14 points belonging to four Northern Upper Egypt governorates (South Giza, Fayoum, Beni Suef and Minya). Standard statistical parameters of genetic variability within and between populations confirmed that the highest genetic diversity was found towards the south. Among NMER populations, the mean number of alleles per locus was lowest in South Giza (5.32), while it was highest in Minya (6.00). This study found that NMER featured a high number of private alleles ranging between 7 and 11 (mean value was 10.5). Results also showed a high genetic diversity in NMER populations and that heterozygosity ranged between 0.384 and 0.445, strongly indicating extensive genetic variation in the NMER populations. The mean values of observed and expected heterozygosity were 0.405 and 0.612, respectively. Factorial correspondence analysis and neighbour joining trees (NJ) showed 2 main NMER rabbit groups: the Northern group (South Giza and Fayoum) and the Southern group (Beni Suef and Minya). All populations showed a high percentage of assignment in this study (0.913 to 0.946). The structure analysis showed that each population existed in separate clusters. This research provides an overview of genetic diversity of NMER populations in the Northern Upper Egypt province for the first time. In conclusion, results of this study could be used to designate priorities for conservation of NMER populations.</p>
Virulence factor genes possessing Enterococcus faecalis strains from rabbits and their sensitivity to enterocins
Authors: Pogány Simonová M. , Lauková A. 
Published: March 2017

<p>Information concerning the virulence factor genes and antibiotic resistance of rabbit enterococci is limited, so in this study we tested the virulence factor genes in <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> strains from rabbits. Moreover, their resistance/sensitivity to antibiotics and sensitivity to enterocins was also tested, with the aim of contributing to our enterocin spectra study and to indicate the possibility of enterocin application in prevention or contaminant elimination in rabbit husbandry. A total of 144 rabbit samples were treated using a standard microbiological method. Thirty-one pure colonies of the species <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> were identified, using the MALDI-TOF identification system and confirmed using phenotyping, among which 15 strains were virulence factor gene absent. The gel<em>E</em> gene was the most detected (42%); however, the expression of gelatinase phenotype did not always correlate with the detection of gel<em>E</em>. Strains did not show ß-haemolysis and were mostly resistant to tested antibiotics, but sensitive to enterocins (Ent), mainly to Ents EK13=A (P), 2019 and Ent M. Rabbit <em>E. faecalis</em> strains displayed antibiotic resistant traits and the presence of expressed and silent virulence genes, but they showed high levels of sensitivity to natural antimicrobials-enterocins, which indicates the possible prevention of multidrug and virulent enterococcal contaminants by enterocins.</p>
Intake of different hays with presence of Colchicum autumnale by rabbits
Authors: Eve T. , Nief L. , Gonçalves S. , Fontfreyde C. , Jurjanz S. 
Published: March 2017

<p>The ingestion of 3 hay types by growing rabbits and the consequences on animal performance were studied in a first part. Two kinds of hay from high nature value grasslands [CFP (<em>Colchico-Festucetum pratensis</em>) and SBR (<em>Senecioni-Brometum racemosi</em>)] differentiated by their botanical composition were compared to a classical agricultural hay (control). The 3 hays, offered <em>ad libitum</em>, were ingested at 30.6, 34.8 and 36.1 g/kg body weight (BW) respectively for SBR, CFP and the control, where the consumption of SBR hay was significantly lower. (P&lt;0.01). The type of hay distributed did not affect the consumption of commercial feed or growth (44 g/kg BW and 36 g/d, respectively). The effect of meadow saffron concentration (<em>Colchicum autumnale</em>) in CFP hay was tested at 3 doses (absence, 2.75 and 15% of the distributed hay mass) with respect to their effect on ingestion and animal health. Again, no effect of the presence of meadow saffron (MeS) in the hay on these parameters was observed, even at the highest dose. However, during this second part, rabbits preferred to consume meadow saffron instead of the rest of the distributed hay (hardly any MeS was refused by rabbits at the representative dose, whereas 12% of the rest of the hay was refused, and 3.4 and 20% respectively at the maximal dose). The intake of the toxic alkaloid colchicine corresponded to 30 to 44% of the median lethal doses (LD<sub>50</sub>) at the representative and maximal doses respectively. The real exposure of the rabbits was probably lower, as the absorption of ingested colchicine is reported to be around 50% of the LD<sub>50</sub> values which are established after an intravenous injection. Nevertheless, the absence of any effect should be interpreted with caution. The colchicine content of MeS varied greatly depending on the time of harvest and the parts of the plant taken into consideration. A late harvest (mid-June or later) would ensure (very) low concentrations of colchicine in the aerial parts of MeS. The presence of cloves on this plant should be completely avoided, due to the very high concentration of colchicine in the seeds. Moreover, long term exposure of the animals to this toxic plant may increase the risk of adverse effects. The study shows that hay distribution can aid digestion without altering the animal’s performance. Moreover, the valorisation of hay from high nature value grasslands would not only add real value to the commercialisation of rabbit meat by commercial breeders, but also to pet owners on the condition that hay quality would be guaranteed.</p>
An Interesting Case of Button Battery causing Septal Perforation
Authors: Arora Sonia , Kumar Harvinder 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Button batteries presenting as foreign bodies in the nasal cavity are rarely seen but common in pediatric age group. They are hazardous due to the extensive nature of damage caused by them. In this study, we discuss the case of a child with impacted button battery in the nasal cavity. A 7-year-old boy presented with bilateral foul-smelling nasal discharge since 6 months. It was purulent, yellowish-green, often blood stained. Radiograph showed evidence of a button battery in the left nostril. The foreign body was removed endoscopically and it was found that there was a perforation in the nasal septum. Early recognition and management is the key to prevention of complications due to foreign bodies, especially corrosive type.

How to cite this article
Seth S, Kumar H. An Interesting Case of Button Battery causing Septal Perforation. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(1):22-24.
Delayed Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Leak through Clival Recess: Emphasis on Technique of Repair
Authors: Mohindra Satyawati , Mohindra Sandeep , Joshi Kiran , Sodhi Harsimrat S 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
To report a rare case of delayed spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak through clival region in the sphenoid sinus.

Case report
A 35-year-old female presented to our outdoor clinic with watery right nasal discharge for past 2 months, which increased on bending forward. Her medical history, general physical and neurological examinations were unremarkable. High-resolution computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance cisternography were performed and suggestive of defect in right cribriform plate and right sphenoid sinus. Endoscopic repair was done but same symptoms occurred after 1 month. Repeat magnetic resonance imaging showed fistula in the lateral wall of right sphenoid sinus. Revision endoscopic transnasal CSF rhinorrhea repair was done. Lumbar subarachnoid drain was left in place for 5 days. No recurrence was noted at 12-week follow-up.

Conclusion
Endoscopic transnasal approach is the best modality of treatment for midline skull base defects. Delayed leaks can present from previously weak areas and all the doubtful areas must be examined during surgery.

How to cite this article
Mohindra S, Mohindra S, Joshi K, Sodhi HS. Delayed Spontaneous Cerebrospinal Leak through Clival Recess: Emphasis on Technique of Repair. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2017;10(1):42-44.
Presence of Metallic Microfragments on Dentinal Walls and Instrument Defects following Root Canal Preparation
Authors: Estrela Carlos , de A Decurcio Daniel , Barletta Fernando B , Solda Caroline , Langaro Marina C , Machado Alessandra N , Vanni José R , Silva Julio A 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To determine the presence of metallic microfragments and their elemental composition in the dentinal walls of root canals following preparation using different endodontic instruments and to assess the active cutting edges of instruments with regard to structural defects.

Materials and methods
A total of 108 molar teeth were selected and prepared using different endodontic instruments. Teeth were randomly divided into nine groups of 12 teeth each, according to the instruments employed: Manual systems – K-FlexoFile, K-File, and Hedstroem; rotary systems – ProTaper Next, Mtwo, BioRaCe; and reciprocating systems – Reciproc, Unicone, and WaveOne. Both root canals and instruments were assessed using scanning electron microscopy, and the elemental composition of metallic microfragments was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Results
Metallic microfragments were found in the groups prepared with both manual and reciprocating instruments, with no statistically significant differences between groups, thirds, or presence of metallic microfragments (p ≥ 0.05). Moreover, all groups presented structural defects in both new and used instruments; however, rotary instruments (ProTaper Next, Mtwo 702, BioRaCe) were the ones with the lowest number of defects, at statistically significant differences in comparison with other instruments (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
The presence of metallic microfragments on dentinal walls following root canal preparation was associated with manual and reciprocating instrumentation. Furthermore, rotary instruments were the ones with the lowest number of defects. Considering the outcomes measured in this study, rotary instruments performed better than the other two groups, as they were associated with the lowest number of metallic microfragments and structural defects.

Clinical significance
During root canal preparation, operative procedures may induce changes to the root canal shape, as well as the release of metallic fragments resulting from the action of instruments on dentinal walls. Therefore, it is important to determine, among the different techniques used for this purpose, which ones are least susceptible to this occurrence.

How to cite this article
Solda C, Langaro MC, Machado AN, Vanni JR, de A Decurcio D, Silva JA, Estrela C, Barletta FB. Presence of Metallic Microfragments on Dentinal Walls and Instrument Defects following Root Canal Preparation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(4):270-276.
Relation between Dental Caries and Body Mass Index-for-age among Schoolchildren of Jazan City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Quadri Mir FA , Hakami Bassam M , Hezam Asma AA , Hakami Raed Y , Saadi Fadwa A , Ageeli Layla M , Alsagoor Wafqah H , Faqeeh Mohammad A , Dhae Mohammed A 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective
To analyze and report the type of relation present between dental caries and body mass index (BMI)-for-age among schoolchildren in Jazan region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods
A cross-sectional study with multistaged random sampling technique was designed to recruit the sample of schoolchildren. Caries was examined using the World Health Organization recommended “decayed and filled teeth”/“decayed missing and filled teeth (dft/DMFT)” method. The BMI-for-age was calculated using the value obtained from body weight and height (kg/m2) of each child. The obtained results were plotted on age- and gender-specific percentile curves by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and categorized accordingly. Chi-squared test was conducted to analyze the relation between BMI-for-age and dental caries. Logistic regression was performed to judge the predictor variables. The p-value < 0.05 was considered as significant.

Results
A total of 360 children were part of this study with equal recruitment from both genders. The mean dft/DMFT value for girls (2.52) was more than that for boys (1.88); and the (p = 0.00) calculated value was statistically significant. Most of the children had normal BMI-for-age (60.6%) and very few were obese (4.7%). Dental caries, fast food, and snacks between meals were significant independent predictor variables for BMI (p < 0.05). Dental caries was a strong predictor, and the analysis showed that children with untreated caries had 81% (odds ratio = 0.19; confidence interval = 0.65, 0.58) higher chance of suffering from low BMI.

Conclusion
To conclude, this is the first study attempted to see the relationship between BMI-for-age and dental caries among schoolchildren in Jazan city of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Negative relation between dental caries and BMI should warrant health promoters about dental caries as a reason for low BMI in a subset of children.

Clinical significance
High and alarming percentage of untreated dental caries demonstrates the oral health needs among the schoolgoing children in Jazan region. Public health dentists should develop and implement prevention programs so that the oral health issues among schoolchildren are addressed.

How to cite this article
Quadri MFA, Hakami BM, Hezam AAA, Hakami RY, Saadi FA, Ageeli LM, Alsagoor WH, Faqeeh MA, Dhae MA. Relation between Dental Caries and Body Mass Index-for-age among Schoolchildren of Jazan City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(4):277-282.
Good Bugs vs Bad Bugs: Evaluation of Inhibitory Effect of Selected Probiotics against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Bohora Aarti A , Kokate Sharad R 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe main goal of endodontics is the prevention of apical periodontitis. This is due to the presence of persistent pathogenic microorganisms, such asEnterococcus faecalis, and its ability to directly cause acute and chronic inflammation in the periapical tissues.Lactobacillushas been shown to promote health in the intestines as well as to inhibit the growth of certain problematic oral bacteria. This study explores shifting the established paradigm of endodontic treatment, which has focused on eliminating all bacteria from the canal system and on elimination of the problematic bacteria through introducing probiotics. A preliminary work was performed to evaluate the possible effectiveness of probiotics in preventing the growth ofE. faecalis.Materials and methodsTwo probiotic culturesLactobacillus plantarumATCC 8041 andLactobacillus rhamnosusATCC 7408 were selected to check their antimicrobial activity againstE. faecalisATCC 29212 by two methods: agar cup/well diffusion method and deferred antagonism test.Agar cup methodA total of 0.5 mL of requisite test pathogen culture was inoculated into 20 mL of molten sterile Mueller and Hinton agar and cooled to 45 ± 2°C. Circular wells of diameter 10 mm were punched in each of the poured plates. Appropriately diluted test samples were added to the above-punched wells. The plates were incubated upright position at 37°C for 24 hours in aerobic conditions. Postincubation, zone of inhibition was measured. The cell-free supernatant ofLactobacillusspecies was also evaluated for antimicrobial activity.Deferred antagonism testThe test probiotic strain was standardized to 0.1 optical density (OD) at 600 nm and inoculated in a 1 cm wide diametric streak across the surface of trypticase soy agar + yeast extract + calcium carbonate (TSYCa) agar using a sterile cotton swab. Then, the plate agar containing the test strain was incubated at 37°C for 24 hours under aerophilic condition and then standardized to 0.1 OD at 600 nm for overnight (18 hours, 37°C). A purified culture of indicator strain (pathogen) was streaked at right angles to the line of original producer growth. Postincubation plates were observed for the inhibition zone width of the indicator strain.ResultsUnder the conditions of this study,Lactobacillihad an inhibitory effect on the growth ofE. faecalisby agar cup method but not by deferred antagonism test.ConclusionThis pilot study demonstrated that probiotics show a potential in root canal therapy.Clinical SignificanceIf probioitcs are effective against endodontic pathogens, they can be potentially used as intracanal medicaments. This will be a novel concept of introducing bacteriotherapy in endodontics and replacing pathogenic bacteria by healthy bacteria, normal flora.How to cite this articleBohora AA, Kokate SR. Good Bugs vs Bad Bugs: Evaluation of Inhibitory Effect of Selected Probiotics againstEnterococcus faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(4):312-316.
David Bowie's Low
Authors: Wilcken Hugo 
Published: March 2017

Los Angeles, 1976. David Bowie is holed up in his Bel-Air mansion, drifting into drug-induced paranoia and confusion. Obsessed with black magic and the Holy Grail, he's built an altar in the living room and keeps his fingernail clippings in the fridge. There are occasional trips out to visit his friend Iggy Pop in a mental institution. His latest album is the cocaine-fuelled Station To Station (Bowie: "I know it was recorded in LA because I read it was"), which welds R&B rhythms to lyrics that mix the occult with a yearning for Europe, after three mad years in the New World.
Bowie has long been haunted by the angst-ridden, emotional work of the Die Brucke movement and the Expressionists. Berlin is their spiritual home, and after a chaotic world tour, Bowie adopts this city as his new sanctuary. Immediately he sets to work on Low, his own expressionist mood-piece.
Israel Kamakawiwo'ole's Facing Future
Authors: Kois Dan 
Published: March 2017

Even at four in the morning, the strip clubs and watering holes surrounding the Honolulu studio were still hopping. The recording engineer heard a car pull into the lot, and soon the biggest man he had ever seen walked in. When he stepped into the studio, the floated floor shifted beneath the engineer’s feet. Israel Kamakawiwo’ole engulfed the engineer’s hand in his and said, “Hi, bruddah.”
The product of that impromptu recording session, a delicate medley of “Somewhere Over the Rainbow” and “What a Wonderful World,” has driven sales of Facing Future to nearly two million copies. Each time the medley is licensed to appear in advertisements, in movies, even on American Idol, Mainlanders embrace it anew as a touch of the unfamiliar in their otherwise staid record collections. But in Hawai’i, a state struggling with the responsibility of its native heritage, Facing Future is much more. Gaining unprecedented access to Israel’s family, friends, and colleagues, Dan Kois tells the remarkable story of Bruddah Iz and the album that changed his life-and his death.
Kanye West's My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy
Authors: Graves Kirk Walker 
Published: March 2017

In the first decade of the twenty-first century, Kanye West created the most compelling body of pop music by an American artist during the period. Having risen from obscurity as a precocious producer through the ranks of Jay Z’s Roc-A-Fella records, by the time he released My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (MBDTF) in late 2010, West had evolved into a master collagist, an alchemist capable of transfiguring semi-obscure soul samples and indelible beats into a brash and vulnerable new art form.
A look at the arc of his career, from the heady chipmunk soul exuberance of The College Dropout (2004) to the operatic narcissism of MBDTF, tells us about the march of pop music into the digital age and, by extension, the contradictions that define our cultural epoch. In a cloud-based and on-demand culture – a place of increasing virtualization, loneliness, and hyper-connectivity – West straddles this critical moment as what David Samuels of The Atlantic calls “the first true genius of the iPhone era, the Mozart of contemporary American music.” In the land of taking a selfie, honing a personal brand, and publicly melting down online, Kanye West is the undisputed king.
Swallowing the chaos wrought by his public persona and digesting it as a grandiose allegory of self-redemption, Kanye sublimates his narcissism to paint masterstroke after masterstroke on MBDTF, a 69-minute hymn to egotistical excess. Sampling and ventriloquizing the pop music past to tell the story of its future – very much a tale of our culture’s wish for unfettered digital ubiquity – MBDTF is the album of its era, an aesthetic self-acquittal and spiritual autobiography of our era's most dynamic artist.