bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First Brown Dwarf Discovered by the Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Citizen Science Project
Authors: Kuchner Marc J. , Faherty Jacqueline K. , Schneider Adam C. , Meisner Aaron M. , Filippazzo Joseph C. , Gagné Jonathan , Trouille Laura , Silverberg Steven M. , Castro Rosa , Fletcher Bob , Mokaev Khasan , Stajic Tamara 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) is a powerful tool for finding nearby brown dwarfs and searching for new planets in the outer solar system, especially with the incorporation of NEOWISE and NEOWISE-Reactivation data. However, so far, searches for brown dwarfs in WISE data have yet to take advantage of the full depth of the WISE images. To efficiently search this unexplored space via visual inspection, we have launched a new citizen science project, called “Backyard Worlds: Planet 9,” which asks volunteers to examine short animations composed of difference images constructed from time-resolved WISE coadds. We report the first new substellar object discovered by this project, WISEA J110125.95+540052.8, a T5.5 brown dwarf located approximately 34 pc from the Sun with a total proper motion of ∼0.″7

. WISEA J110125.95+540052.8 has a WISE W2 magnitude of

our sensitivity to this source demonstrates the ability of citizen scientists to identify moving objects via visual inspection that are 0.9 mag fainter than the W2 single-exposure sensitivity, a threshold that has limited prior motion-based brown dwarf searches with WISE.
The Discovery of Tidal Tails around the Globular Cluster NGC 7492 with Pan-STARRS1
Authors: Navarrete C. , Belokurov V. , Koposov S. E. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
We report the discovery of tidal tails around the Galactic globular cluster NGC 7492, based on the Data Release 1 of the Pan-STARRS1 survey. The tails were detected using a version of the matched filter technique applied to the (g − r, r) and (g − i, i) color–magnitude diagrams. Tidal tails emerging from the cluster extend at least ∼3.°5 in the north–east to south–east direction, equivalent to ∼1.5 kpc in projected length.
La surveillance politique des autorités indépendantes de régulation en Suisse
Authors: Stöckli Andreas 
Published: May 2017

Résumé Après avoir exposé la particularité et les différentes formes de statut juridique, de pouvoirs et de ressources financières des autorités indépendantes de régulation qui existent en Suisse, l’article étudie leur double niveau de responsabilité à l’égard des instances politiques : le Conseil fédéral (gouvernement de la Confédération) notamment quant à l’atteinte de leurs objectifs stratégiques ; et devant l’Assemblée fédérale (parlement de la Confédération), laquelle exerce une surveillance qui est, soit indirecte par le biais des comptes rendus que lui font le Conseil fédéral, soit directe par l’établissement de commissions d’enquêtes parlementaires. Ce double système permet l’exercice d’un certain contrôle politique, surtout dans des situations où des décisions d’une importance considérable sur le plan politique doivent être prises.
Vers un humour ethnicisant : les comédies de banlieue (1999-2013)
Authors: Blanchard Jean-Philippe 
Published: May 2017

Dans le sillage du succès de La Haine (1995) de Mathieu Kassovitz, plusieurs films dramatiques français ont pris la banlieue pour décor et pour sujet. Puis, à partir de la fin des années 1990, les grands ensembles ont servi de point d’ancrage à plusieurs comédies légères décrivant un espace social pluriethnique et sympathique. En reprenant avec humour des thématiques généralement traitées avec gravité (comme la petite délinquance ou la violence verbale), ces comédies de banlieue sont venues composer un sous-genre du cinéma hexagonal. Les nombreuses implantations de multiplexes périurbains conjuguées à la popularité du symbole black-blanc-beur ont favorisé la production de fictions aux sujets « décentrés ». Au fil des sorties, les personnages représentant l’immigration maghrébine (notamment les figures de l’»Arabe», du « Maghrébin» ou du « Beur») sont devenus centraux dans la plupart des comédies de banlieue dont l’humour s’est progressivement ethnicisé. Dans ce texte, nous questionnons les dimensions créatives, économiques et politiques de ces évolutions.
Réseaux néolithiques, nomades marins et marchands dans les petites îles de la Sonde
Authors: Galipaud Jean-Christophe 
Published: May 2017

Les grands cimetières côtiers découverts depuis 70 ans pour certains dans les îles orientales de la Sonde documentent une histoire multimillénaire de mouvements inter-insulaires, de contacts et d’échanges dans l’est de Nusa Tenggara. Les fouilles récentes du cimetière néolithique de Pain Haka dans l’île de Flores et de l’abri sous roche de Arlo à Ataúro au Timor-Leste datent avec une précision nouvelle les mouvements de population à travers les îles de l’Est indonésien et à Timor. Évalués dans le cadre plus global des influences austronésiennes dans la région, ces résultats archéologiques, associés à l’étude des techniques anciennes de fabrication de céramique ou de tissage, apportent une dimension plus globale et sont utilisés ici pour une réflexion sur la dimension culturelle originale de cette région de l’Asie du Sud-Est insulaire durant la phase la plus ancienne de l’avancée austronésienne.
Environmental variability and human activity over the past 140 years documented by sediments of Ebinur Lake in arid central Asia
Authors: Liu Wen , Ma Long , Wu Jinglu , Abuduwaili Jilili 
Published: May 2017

<p>A short (50-cm-long) sediment core from Ebinur Lake in arid central Asia has been analyzed for various environmental proxies, including organic matter content, δ<sup>13</sup>C in organic matter, magnetic susceptibility, heavy metal contents, and stable isotopic compositions of bulk carbonate (δ<sup>18</sup>O and δ<sup>13</sup>C). The results reveal that the evolutionary stages inferred from environmental indicators have an asynchronous nature. If the asynchrony of periodic changes in multi-environmental proxies is ignored, important information may be lost, especially regarding anthropogenic influences. On the basis of magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal contents, human activities appear to have resulted in increases in surface erosion and measurable heavy-metal accumulation from the mid-1960s, whereas the organic matter contents, which display an obvious shift in the late 1930s, correlate with regional climate. However, the changes in the stable isotopes of bulk carbonate are mainly controlled by the isotopic composition of the host water which is generally consistent with the lake level. From the late 1870s to the 1960s, the lake was in a natural evolutionary state. From the 1960s to the mid-2000s, the runoff feeding Ebinur Lake dropped rapidly, in association with a sharp increase in agricultural development. Finally, beginning in the early twenty-first century, the climate became wetter than during the earlier two stages, and as agricultural water demand decreased, surface runoff once again increased. It is noted that, although the different proxies respond differently to climate changes and human activities, any analysis of environmental evolution should consider them each individually, in order to fully understand the complex interactions between climate and human influence. </p>
An African Reformation
Authors: Oliver Erna , Oliver Willem H. 
Published: May 2017

The year 2017 is the year in which the Reformation, started by Martin Luther, is celebrating its 500th birthday. This depicts a milestone in the life of the Church of the Reformation and also in the life of Christians worldwide. This is a good time to ponder on the epistemological question of the validity and necessity of the (European) Reformation (i.e. improvement, renovation or change). If this question is answered in a positive way, then it could bring us to the realisation that the time is ripe for an African Reformation. This article will argue that this is indeed the case. A reformation, transformation and change is needed for the African Christian context. However, the question could well be asked: Who will be the ‘second Luther?’
Human capital investments as sources of skills: An analysis at different entrepreneurship phases
Authors: Mamabolo M. Anastacia , Kerrin Myres , Kele Tumo 
Published: May 2017

<strong>Background:</strong> Entrepreneurs need entrepreneurial skills to run their businesses. Skills can come from various sources, and the usage of the sources of skills can vary according to the different entrepreneurship phases.<p><strong>Aim:</strong> Adopting a human capital theory perspective, this study determined the specific human capital investments as sources of skills needed by entrepreneurs across the different entrepreneurship phases. The sources of skills included work experience, formal education, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship experience.</p><p><strong>Setting:</strong> Entrepreneurs at the different entrepreneurship phases which are nascent (entrepreneurs with ventures less than 3 months in existence), new business (entrepreneurs with ventures with more than 3 months but less than 3.5 years in existence) and established business (entrepreneurs with ventures more than 3.5 years in existence).</p><p><strong>Method:</strong> The study employed a survey research design. An online questionnaire was used to collect the data.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The results show that the sources of skills are used differently across the entrepreneurship phases. As entrepreneurs start businesses, in the nascent phase, the use of human capital investments (especially formal education) as a source of skills declines, thus creating a need to acquire more entrepreneurship-specific investments. In addition to acquiring skills from human capital investments, entrepreneurs learn skills from people in their social networks and self-taught skills which are used differently across the different entrepreneurship phases.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The findings indicate that the human capital investments are dynamic and change over time as the entrepreneurship phases unfold. Because there are different sources of skills for each entrepreneurship phase, entrepreneurs need to be treated according to their phases.</p>
The evolution of physiotherapy in animal rehabilitation in Durban, Kwazulu Natal
Authors: Naidoo N. , Marr J. , Singh V. , Du Toit B. , Narisamulu N. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction:Animal physiotherapy is a specialized branchof physiotherapy. As this specialization is not introduced at undergraduatelevel, there is a need to ascertain whether qualified physiotherapists had an interest in this field. The need for post-graduate interest in this subjectwould support a post-graduate programme as there is no academic insti -tutional programme in this field in South Africa.Aim of study:To gain information on the awareness of and interest in animalphysiotherapy from veterinary surgeons and qualified physiotherapists.Methodology: Two questionnaires were constructed, one for veterinarysurgeons and one for physiotherapists. Sixty physiotherapists and 30 veteri-nary surgeons in private practice in Durban, KwaZulu Natal participated in the study. A return of 73% of the question-naires for veterinary surgeons and 65% for physiotherapists was obtained. Data analysis: Data for Physiotherapists and veterinary surgeons were grouped together for responses to the questionnaire and compared. Results: All physiotherapists and veterinary surgeons involved in the study are aware of animal physiotherapy. 81.5% of the veterinary surgeons administer physiotherapy treatment as part of their overall rehabilitation programmeand 7.41% refer their clients to physiotherapists. All the veterinary surgeons stated that physiotherapy is necessary inthe overall animal rehabilitation. 12.5% of physiotherapists treated animals and all felt under-qualified to treat animals.Conclusion: The study reveals a need for post-graduate specialization in animal physiotherapy and this would promote public awareness of its existence and benefit to animals.
Improving Medication Adherence with Two-way Short Message Service Reminders in Sickle Cell Disease and Asthma
Authors: Pernell Brandi , DeBaun Michael , Becker Kathleen , Rodeghier Mark , Bryant Valencia , Cronin Robert 
Published: May 2017

SummaryIntroduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a childhood and adult disease that primarily affects African Americans, characterized by life threatening sequelae mitigated by medications. One-way and two-way short message service (SMS) medication reminders have differing efficacy in chronic diseases. There is limited literature about SMS medication reminders in SCD.Objective: The goal of this study was to test the feasibility, defined by recruitment/acceptance, retention/attrition, and technology utilization, of two-way SMS medication reminders in individuals with SCD with and without asthma.Materials and Methods: Participants were randomly allocated to standard care or reminders. Two-way SMS reminders were automated using Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) for hydroxyurea, fluticasone, budesonide and montelukast. Adherence was measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-8 (MMAS-8). Asthma control was assessed using the Childhood and Adult-Asthma Control Tests (ACT). Participants were enrolled 28 to 60 days with a common termination date.Results: The recruitment rate was 95% (47/49) and 82.9% completed the study. Among the 47 study participants enrolled, 51.1% were male, 61.7% were adults, median age was 20 (range: 3 to 59), and 98% were African Americans. Of the 26 participants receiving messages, 20% responded on over 95% of the days and usage varied with an average response rate of 33%, ranging from 21% to 46%. Medication adherence scores improved significantly in the intervention group (3.42 before, 5.46 after; p=0.002), but not in the control group (3.90 before, 4.75 after; p=0.080). Childhood-ACT scores improved in the intervention group (19.20 before, 24.25 after). Adult-ACT scores within the intervention arm were unchanged (21.0 before, 22.0 after. ACT scores did not improve significantly.Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility for two-way SMS medication reminders to improve medication adherence in a high-risk population where daily medication adherence is critical to health outcomes and quality of life.Citation: Pernell BM, DeBaun MR, Becker K, Rodeghier M, Bryant V, Cronin RM. Improving medication adherence with two-way short message service reminders in sickle cell disease and asthma: A feasibility randomized controlled trial. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 541–559 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-12-RA-0203
The development and initial validation of an observational tool for measuring patient participation in clinical consultations
Authors: Poulsen Helle , Iversen Else Dalsgaard , Ammentorp Jette 
Published: May 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to further develop and test The Activity Barometer (TAB) as a tool for measuring patient participation in clinical consultations. Methods: The tool was further developed and tested by double coding 18 audio recordings from consultations between nurses and patients and by qualitative discussions between 3 raters. The raters discussed the face and content validity of the tool and the inter-rater reliability was calculated. To assess the construct validity, it was hypothesised that the tool could be used to expose a difference in the patients’ participation before and after the nurses had participated in communication skills training. This was assessed based on 31 audio recordings. Results: All of the 3 raters found the items relevant for measuring patient participation. However, to get reliable ratings, an extended guide for coding was necessary. According to the content validity, we found that by taking a treatment-oriented perspective, core components of patient participation were not included in the tool. To capture the whole concept, the coding should be done from a holistic perspective, including the patients’ everyday life. The inter-rater reliability for the total score (0.85), the questions (0.92) and the preferences/concerns (0.6) were all above acceptable thresholds. The construct validation showed that the tool could expose differences in the patients’ participation before and after the nurses had participated in the communication skills training. Conclusion: TAB is a promising tool for measuring patient participation. However, further validation of the tool in a larger sample is recommended prior to its use in research settings.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Sturnira parvidens and cross-species amplification in Sturnira species
Authors: Gutiérrez Edgar G. , Hernández Canchola Giovani , León Paniagua Livia S. , Martínez Méndez Norberto , Ortega Jorge 
Published: May 2017

Background
Sturnira is one of the most species-rich genera in the Neotropics, and it is found from Mexico and the Lesser Antilles to Argentina. This genus forms a well-supported monophyletic clade with at least twenty-one recognized species, as well as several others under taxonomic review. Sturnira parvidens is a widespread frugivorous bat of the deciduous forests of the Neotropics, is highly abundant, and is a major component in fruit dispersal to regenerate ecosystems.

Methods
We used a technique based on Illumina paired-end sequencing of a library highly enriched for microsatellite repeats to develop loci for S. parvidens. We analyzed millions of resulting reads with specialized software to extract those reads that contained di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexanucleotide microsatellites.

Results
We selected and tested 14 polymorphic (di, tri, and tetra) microsatellites. All markers were genotyped on 26 different individuals from distinct locations of the distributional area of S. parvidens. We observed medium—high genetic variation across most loci, but only 12 were functionally polymorphic. Levels of expected heterozygosity across all markers were high to medium (mean HE = 0.79, mean HO = 0.72). We examined ascertainment bias in twelve bats of the genus, obtaining null/monomorphic/polymorphic amplifications.

Discussion
The Illumina paired-end sequencing system is capable of identifying massive numbers of microsatellite loci, while expending little time, reducing costs, and providing a large amount of data. The described polymorphic loci for S. parvidens in particular, and for the genus in general, could be suitable for further genetic analysis, including taxonomic inconsistencies, parentage/relatedness analysis, and population genetics assessments.
Standing infragravity waves over an alongshore irregular rocky bathymetry
Authors: Winter G. , Lowe R. J. , Symonds G. , Hansen J. E. , van Dongeren A. R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRocky reef coastlines typically feature highly variable and often abrupt cross‐shore and alongshore changes in bathymetry. The effects of this irregular rocky bathymetry on the dynamics of infragravity waves are largely unknown. Most models of infragravity wave dynamics have been developed and validated on smooth alongshore‐uniform bathymetries, which may break down over these highly variable bathymetries. A 2 week field experiment was conducted on a rocky reef‐fringed beach to investigate how the variable bathymetry affects the spatial and temporal variability of infragravity waves. The height of short (sea‐swell) waves decreased over the shallow reef due to breaking, whereas the height of infragravity waves increased toward the shoreline. Both during a storm event (Hm0 = 2.3 m) and under moderate wave conditions (Hm0 = 1.0–1.8 m), the infragravity waves formed a persistent cross‐shore standing wave pattern along the entire shoreline, despite the irregular bathymetry. In addition, the alongshore components of infragravity waves refracted by the presence of the nearshore reef were observed to propagate in opposite directions up and down the coast resulting in a local alongshore standing wave pattern. Thus, the presence of highly variable nearshore bathymetry, which commonly occurs along rocky reef coastlines, may produce both cross‐shore and alongshore standing wave patterns.
Detecting shifts in tropical moisture imbalances with satellite‐derived isotope ratios in water vapor
Authors: Bailey A. , Blossey P. N. , Noone D. , Nusbaumer J. , Wood R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs global temperatures rise, regional differences in evaporation (E) and precipitation (P) are likely to become more disparate, causing the drier E‐dominated regions of the tropics to become drier and the wetter P‐dominated regions to become wetter. Models suggest that such intensification of the water cycle should already be taking place; however, quantitatively verifying these changes is complicated by inherent difficulties in measuring E and P with sufficient spatial coverage and resolution. This paper presents a new metric for tracking changes in regional moisture imbalances (e.g., E‐P) by defining δDq—the isotope ratio normalized to a reference water vapor concentration of 4 mmol mol−1—and evaluates its efficacy using both remote sensing retrievals and climate model simulations in the tropics. By normalizing the isotope ratio with respect to water vapor concentration, δDq isolates the portion of isotopic variability most closely associated with shifts between E‐ and P‐dominated regimes. Composite differences in δDq between cold and warm phases of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) verify that δDq effectively tracks changes in the hydrological cycle when large‐scale convective reorganization takes place. Simulated δDq also demonstrates sensitivity to shorter‐term variability in E‐P at most tropical locations. Since the isotopic signal of E‐P in free tropospheric water vapor transfers to the isotope ratios of precipitation, multidecadal observations of both water vapor and precipitation isotope ratios should provide key evidence of changes in regional moisture imbalances now and in the future.
Escape and evolution of Mars's CO2 atmosphere: Influence of suprathermal atoms
Authors: Amerstorfer U. V. , Gröller H. , Lichtenegger H. , Lammer H. , Tian F. , Noack L. , Scherf M. , Johnstone C. , Tu L. , Güdel M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWith a Monte Carlo model we investigate the escape of hot oxygen and carbon from the Martian atmosphere for four points in time in its history corresponding to 1, 3, 10, and 20 times the present solar EUV flux. We study and discuss different sources of hot oxygen and carbon atoms in the thermosphere and their changing importance with the EUV flux. The increase of the production rates due to higher densities resulting from the higher EUV flux competes against the expansion of the thermosphere and corresponding increase in collisions. We find that the escape due to photodissociation increases with increasing EUV level. However, for the escape via some other reactions, e.g., dissociative recombination of
, this is only true until the EUV level reaches 10 times the present EUV flux and then the rates start to decrease. Furthermore, our results show that Mars could not have had a dense atmosphere at the end of the Noachian epoch, since such an atmosphere would not have been able to escape until today. In the pre‐Noachian era, most of the magma ocean and volcanic activity‐related outgassed CO2 atmosphere could have been lost thermally until the Noachian epoch, when nonthermal loss processes such as suprathermal atom escape became dominant. Thus, early Mars could have been hot and wet during the pre‐Noachian era with surface CO2 pressures larger than 1 bar during the first 300 Myr after the planet's origin.