bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain dynamics of post‐task resting state are influenced by expertise: Insights from baseball players
Authors: Muraskin Jordan , Dodhia Sonam , Lieberman Gregory , Garcia Javier O. , Verstynen Timothy , Vettel Jean M. , Sherwin Jason , Sajda Paul 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPost‐task resting state dynamics can be viewed as a task‐driven state where behavioral performance is improved through endogenous, non‐explicit learning. Tasks that have intrinsic value for individuals are hypothesized to produce post‐task resting state dynamics that promote learning. We measured simultaneous fMRI/EEG and DTI in Division‐1 collegiate baseball players and compared to a group of controls, examining differences in both functional and structural connectivity. Participants performed a surrogate baseball pitch Go/No‐Go task before a resting state scan, and we compared post‐task resting state connectivity using a seed‐based analysis from the supplementary motor area (SMA), an area whose activity discriminated players and controls in our previous results using this task. Although both groups were equally trained on the task, the experts showed differential activity in their post‐task resting state consistent with motor learning. Specifically, we found (1) differences in bilateral SMA–L Insula functional connectivity between experts and controls that may reflect group differences in motor learning, (2) differences in BOLD‐alpha oscillation correlations between groups suggests variability in modulatory attention in the post‐task state, and (3) group differences between BOLD‐beta oscillations that may indicate cognitive processing of motor inhibition. Structural connectivity analysis identified group differences in portions of the functionally derived network, suggesting that functional differences may also partially arise from variability in the underlying white matter pathways. Generally, we find that brain dynamics in the post‐task resting state differ as a function of subject expertise and potentially result from differences in both functional and structural connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4454–4471, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Clinicopathological characteristics of head and neck Merkel cell carcinomas
Authors: Knopf Andreas , Bas Murat , Hofauer Benedikt , Mansour Naglaa , Stark Thomas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere are still controversies about the therapeutic strategies and subsequent outcome in head and neck Merkel cell carcinoma.MethodsClinicopathological data of 23 Merkel cell carcinomas, 93 cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), 126 malignant melanomas, and 91 primary parotid gland carcinomas were comprehensively analyzed. Merkel cell carcinomas were cytokeratin 20 (CK20)/neuron‐specific enolase (NSE)/chromogranin A (CgA)/synaptophysin (Syn)/thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1)/MIB1 immunostained.ResultsAll Merkel cell carcinomas underwent wide local excision. Parotidectomy/neck dissection was performed in 40%/33% cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma and 100%/100% in parotid gland Merkel cell carcinoma. Five‐year recurrence‐free interval (RFI)/overall survival (OS) was significantly higher in malignant melanoma (81/80%) than in cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma/HNSCC. Interestingly, 5‐year RFI/OS was significantly higher in Merkel cell carcinoma (61%/79%) than in HNSCC (33%/65%; p < .0001) despite comparable TNM classifications and treatment regimens. There were neither differences of RFI/OS between parotid gland Merkel cell carcinoma and parotid gland carcinomas, nor in the immunohistochemical profile.ConclusionFive‐year RFI/OS was significantly better in cutaneous Merkel cell carcinoma when compared with TNM classification matched HNSCC. Five‐year RFI/OS was comparable in parotid gland Merkel cell carcinoma and other primary parotid gland malignancies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 92–97, 2017
Prior Exercise Training Prevent Hyperglycemia in STZ Mice by Increasing Hepatic Glycogen and Mitochondrial Function on Skeletal Muscle
Authors: de Carvalho Afonso Kopczynski , da Silva Sabrina , Serafini Edenir , de Souza Daniela Roxo , Farias Hemelin Resende , de Bem Silveira Gustavo , Silveira Paulo Cesar Lock , de Souza Claudio Teodoro , Portela Luis Valmor , Muller Alexandre Pastoris 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTDiabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. We investigated the effect of a prior 30 days voluntary exercise protocol on STZ‐diabetic CF1 mice. Glycemia, and the liver and skeletal muscle glycogen, mitochondrial function, and redox status were analyzed up to 5 days after STZ injection. Animals were engaged in the following groups: Sedentary vehicle (Sed Veh), Sedentary STZ (Sed STZ), Exercise Vehicle (Ex Veh), and Exercise STZ (Ex STZ). Exercise prevented fasting hyperglycemia in the Ex STZ group. In the liver, there was decreased on glycogen level in Sed STZ group but not in EX STZ group. STZ groups showed decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption compared to vehicle groups, whereas mitochondrial H2O2 production was not different between groups. Addition of ADP to the medium did not decrease H2O2 production in Sed STZ mice. Exercise increased GSH level. Sed STZ group increased nitrite levels compared to other groups. In quadriceps muscle, glycogen level was similar between groups. The Sed STZ group displayed decreased O2 consumption, and exercise prevented this reduction. The H2O2 production was higher in Ex STZ when compared to other groups. Also, GSH level decreased whereas nitrite levels increased in the Sed STZ compared to other groups. The PGC1 α levels increased in Sed STZ, Ex Veh, and Ex STZ groups. In summary, prior exercise training prevents hyperglycemia in STZ‐mice diabetic associated with increased liver glycogen storage, and oxygen consumption by the mitochondria of skeletal muscle implying in increased oxidative/biogenesis capacity, and improved redox status of both tissues. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 678–685, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Confinement Effects on the Optical Properties and Chain Conformations of Poly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) Nanotubes
Authors: Chu Chien‐Wei , Jeng Kai‐Sheng , Chi Mu‐Huan , Tsai Chia‐Chan , Cheng Ming‐Hsiang , Chen Jiun‐Tai 
Published: July 2016

Although many fabrication methods of conjugated polymer nanostructures have been developed, the effects of confinement on the morphologies, chain conformations, and optical properties of conjugated polymers are still not well understood. In this work, poly(9,9‐di‐n‐octylfluorene‐alt‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), a light‐emitting conjugated polymer, is used to fabricate nanotubes by a solution wetting method using anodic aluminum oxide templates. The property changes under the nanoscale confinement have been investigated. The morphologies of F8BT nanostructures are characterized by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and laser scanning confocal microscope. The data show the hollow morphologies and no or low crystallinity of the nanostructures. The optical properties are also measured using UV–vis absorption, photoluminescence, and confocal Raman spectroscopy. The spectroscopy data indicate that F8BT polymer chains have less intermolecular interactions and coplanarity under the confinement effect.
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A pH‐Responsive Hydrogel Based on a Tumor‐Targeting Mesoporous Silica Nanocomposite for Sustained Cancer Labeling and Therapy
Authors: Chen Xin , Liu Zhongning 
Published: July 2016

A facile strategy is presented to synthesize hyaluronic acid (HA) and a fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐conjugated mesoporous silica nanocomposite (MSN) with multiple functions of fluorescence, tumor‐cell targeting, pH‐triggered gelation, and enzyme‐responsive drug release. This injectable nanocomposite is able to indicate the entire tumor location and provides a microenvironment with rich anticancer drugs in and around tumor tissue for a long time, to avoid recrudescence. In this design, the mesoporous silica serves as the drug container, the FITC serves as a fluorescent probe, and the anchored HA plays multiple roles as drug‐release cap, tumor‐targeting points, and responsive gel matrix. Owing to the specific affinity between the HA on MSNs and the CD44 antigen over‐expressed on tumor cells, the MSNs can selectively attach to tumor cells. The nanocomposites then exploit the pH‐responsive interactions (hydrogen bonds) among the HA to self‐assemble in situ into a hydrogel around the tumor tissue. The resulting hydrogel gradually releases its payload (doxorubicin, anticancer drugs)‐loaded MSNs upon HA degradation in the presence of hyaluronidase‐1 (Hyal‐1), followed by endocytosis and intracellular drug release. All these properties have distinct benefits for tumor treatment, demonstrating that this device is a promising candidate for oncotherapy applications.
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Multi‐site rainfall simulation at tropical regions: a comparison of three types of generators
Authors: Vallam Pramodh , Qin Xiao Sheng 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTRainfall modelling is an essential component of different hydrological studies. However, rainfall modelling in tropical regions, especially urban areas, remains inadequate. To determine the applicability of different types of rainfall modelling approaches, simulations by two Markov models (Matlab‐based weather generator (MulGETS) and multi‐site rainfall simulator (MRS)) and a Neyman–Scott based Poisson cluster model (RainSim) were compared with a proposed modified k‐nearest neighbour (KNN) model for 30 years rainfall in Singapore. The MRS model was determined to be suitable for single‐site applications in tropical regions. However, for multi‐site conditions, RainSim was adjudged the most suitable given its accuracy in preserving observed spatial information, despite its performance lagging in few statistical indicators. The KNN model was found to perform satisfactorily during the wet seasons, and was the only model that could repeat the extreme precipitation values closely. Although typical studies evaluate the performance of models based on a set of criteria, there exists a lacuna in understanding the quality of simulations by these models. Therefore, uncertainty analysis based on two different criteria was implemented to understand the performance of the stochastic processes within. Although the MulGETS model exhibited the lowest differences between Prediction Intervals, RainSim's Prediction Intervals were found to subsume observed data more often. The proposed study would be useful for users examining rainfall models for differing objectives.
Seamless integration of cloud and fog networks
Authors: Cardoso Igor Duarte , Barraca João P. , Gonçalves Carlos , Aguiar Rui L. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA way to merge cloud computing infrastructures with traditional or legacy network deployments, leveraging the best in both worlds and enabling a logically centralized control. A solution is proposed to extend existing cloud computing software stacks so they are able to manage networks outside the cloud computing infrastructure, the fog, by extending the internal, virtualized network segments. This is useful in a variety of use cases such as incremental legacy to cloud network migration, hybrid virtual/traditional networking, centralized control of existing networks, bare metal provisioning, and even offloading of advanced services from typical home gateways into the operator. Any organization can develop different ‘drivers’ to support new, specific networking equipment, not necessarily tied to a protocol or vendor, and leverage the fog network. Our conceptual solution is prototyped on top of OpenStack, including changes to the API, command‐line interface (CLI), and other mechanisms. Test results indicate that there are low penalties on latency and throughput, and provisioning times are reduced in comparison with similar maintenance operations on traditional computer networks. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
5‐Amino‐3,4‐dinitropyrazole as a Promising Energetic Material
Authors: Muravyev Nikita V. , Bragin Anatoly A. , Monogarov Konstantin A. , Nikiforova Anna S. , Korlyukov Alexander A. , Fomenkov Igor V. , Shishov Nikolay I. , Pivkina Alla N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe nitrogen‐rich energetic compound 5‐amino‐3,4‐dinitropyrazole (5‐ADP) was investigated using complementary experimental techniques. X‐ray diffraction indicates the strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding in 5‐ADP crystals. Compound exhibits low impact sensitivity (23 J) and insensitivity to friction. The activation energy of thermolysis determined to be 230±5 kJ mol−1from DSC measurements. Accelerating rate calorimetry indicates the lower thermal stability (173 °C) of 5‐ADP than that of RDX, which is probably the main concern about using this compound. 5‐ADP also exhibits good compatibility with common energetic materials (viz. TNT, RDX, ammonium perchlorate), including an active binder. The burning rate of 5‐ADP monopropellant is higher than that of benchmark HMX, while the pressure exponent 0.51±0.04 is surprisingly low. Addition of ammonium perchlorate does not affect the pressure exponent of 5‐ADP, while the burning rate increases. The 5‐amino‐3,4‐dinitropyrazole exhibits a notable combination of combustion performance, low sensitivity, and good compatibility, which renders it as a promising energetic material.
Evaluation of Functional Status Associated With Overweight in Adults With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: de la Torre-Olivares Rosario , Moreno-Lorenzo Carmen , Pérez-Mármol Jose Manuel , Cabrera-Martos Irene , Villaverde-Gutierrez Carmen , Sánchez Adelaida Maria Castro , Aguilar-Ferrándiz María Encarnación 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to describe the motor disability level of ambulatory adults with overweight and cerebral palsy (CP) and to investigate the functional factors associated with weight gain in this population.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Methods:
Thirty adults with CP were classified according to their body mass index (BMI). Mobility, physical disability, functional independence, gait and balance, gross motor function, and maximum walking speed were assessed to evaluate their physical status. The influence of demographic and functional factors on BMI was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate regression analyses.

Findings:
Multiple regression analyses showed that age (p = .012) and lower cardiorespiratory function/lower walking distance (p = .048) were significantly associated with higher BMI. Other functional outcomes were not associated with BMI.

Conclusions:
Greater age and reduced walking distance related to cardiorespiratory function seem to be the main factors associated with BMI.

Clinical Relevance:
Cardiorespiratory rehabilitation is recommended in conjunction with nutritional nursing interventions.
Risk‐based optimal distribution of power reserves in wind power plants
Authors: Díaz Guzmán , Planas Estefanía , Andreu Jon , Gómez‐Aleixandre Javier 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper employs the Conditional Value‐at Risk, largely used in financial risk management, to specify the power reserve capacity of a wind power plant (WPP) under a risk metric. Evidences are shown here that other popular, simpler measure, the Value‐at Risk, is inappropriate for that specification. Under this risk‐based reserve metric, two programs are approached to optimally distribute a reserve request in a WPP subject to a given confidence level in the commitment. The most exhaustive of the two is a two‐level formulation including a solution to the load power flow (LPF) in the WPP. By solving these two programs, for comparison with interior‐point and heuristic solvers, conclusions are drawn. Notably, that a Pareto optimality occurs for stringent reserve requests; that putting off‐line generators is financially more profitable than partial curtailments to respond to low reserve requests; and that in these cases accounting for losses through LPF‐based optimization seems unnecessary. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
mRNA methylation by NSUN2 in cell proliferation
Authors: Wang Wengong 
Published: July 2016

Methylation is a prevalent post‐transcriptional modification that occurs in almost all RNA species. NSUN2, a nucleolar RNA methyltransferase, has been shown to methylate mRNAs encoding factors that control cell division and growth arrest, thereby affecting their stability and/or translation. Here, the author summarizes the recent progress in understanding NSUN2‐mediated mRNA methylation and its implications in cell proliferation and senescence. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:838–842. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1380This article is categorized under:

RNA Structure and Dynamics > RNA Structure, Dynamics, and Chemistry
Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability
Response of wheat plants under post-anthesis stress induced by defoliation: II. Contribution of peduncle morpho-anatomical traits and carbon reserves to grain yield
Authors: DODIG D. , RANČIĆ D. , VUCELIĆ RADOVIĆ B. , ZORIĆ M. , SAVIĆ J. , KANDIĆ V. , PEĆINAR I. , STANOJEVIĆ S. , ŠEŠLIJA A. , VASSILEV D. , PEKIĆ-QUARRIE S. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYAssimilated carbon during vegetative and early reproductive growth in wheat is temporarily stored in stem internodes and leaf sheaths (LSs), and can later be remobilized and transported to developing grain. The present study was undertaken to determine the effect of several peduncle (the uppermost internode) morpho-anatomical and biochemical traits on grain weight, and to assess the contribution of the peduncle water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) reserves shortly after anthesis to its variation. In 2-year field trials, 61 wheat genotypes were used (27 F4:5families, 17 parents used for the crosses and the 17 current best standards), comparing intact control plants (CP) with plants that were defoliated (DP) by cutting off all leaf blades 10 days after anthesis. Estimated contributions of peduncle (culm (C) and flag LS) assimilate reserves to grain weight/spike were from 0·06 to 0·31 and from 0·11 to 0·45 in CP and DP plants, respectively. In both CP and DP plants, a higher contribution was from the LS than from the C. High peduncle reserve mobilization efficiency, a longer exposed part of the peduncle and larger C storage capacity (through higher parenchyma and/or lower lignified area) were of specific benefit for maintaining grain weight in defoliated plants. F4:5families had higher transport capacity in the peduncle, but without any improvement in WSC-related traits compared with the best standards.
The Social Union after the Coalition: Devolution, Divergence and Convergence
Authors: SIMPSON MARK 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn 2009, the UK government emphasised that it was ‘deeply committed’ to the maintenance of the state's social union, embodied in a single social security system. Five years later, the future of this social union appeared less certain than at any time since the 1920s. Dissatisfaction with the ‘welfare reform’ agenda of the coalition government was a driver of support for Scottish independence in the 2014 referendum campaign. Meanwhile, the Northern Ireland Assembly failed to pass legislation to mirror the Welfare Reform Act 2012, normally a formality due to the convention of parity in social security. Despite Westminster's subsequent extension of the 2012 reforms to the region, divergence in secondary legislation and practice remains likely. This article draws on the findings of qualitative interviews with politicians and civil servants in both regions during a period covering the conclusion of the Smith Commission's work on the future of Scottish devolution and the height of a political impasse over Northern Ireland's Welfare Reform Bill that threatened a constitutional crisis. It considers the extent to which steps towards divergence in the two devolved regions have altered the UK's social union and to which the two processes have influenced one another.
Strong terahertz radiation generation by beating of two laser beams in magnetized overdense plasma
Authors: Hematizadeh A. , Bakhtiari F. , Jazayeri S. M. , Ghafary B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTerahertz (THz) radiation generation by nonlinear mixing of two laser beams, obliquely incident on an overdense plasma is investigated. In an overdense plasma, the laser beams penetrate to only thin layer of a plasma surface and reflected. At this thin layer, the laser beams exert a ponderomotive force on the electrons of plasma and impart them oscillatory velocity at the different frequency of lasers. THz waves appear in the reflected component from the plasma surface. The amplitude of THz waves can be augmented by applying the magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of propagation of lasers. It is found that the field strength of the emitted THz radiations is sensitive to the angle of incident of the laser beams, beat frequency, and magnetic field strength. In this scheme, the magnetic field strength plays an important role for strong THz wave generation.
XXVI.—Colonel Vans Kennedy on the Védánta System
Authors: Kennedy Vans 
Published: July 2016

The Council of the Royal Asiatic Society, fully coinciding with the sentiments expressed by its Secretary at the General Meeting held on the 2d of March, has accordingly ordered that the substance of the remarks made by Mr. Haughton should, in justice to Mr. Colebrooke, be printed with Colonel Vans Kennedy's paper, as follows:—Substance of Mr. (now Sir Graves C.) Haughton's Remarks.
Experiences of security and continuity of care: Patients' and families' narratives about the work of specialized palliative home care teams
Authors: Klarare Anna , Rasmussen Birgit H , Fossum Bjöörn , Fürst Carl Johan , Hansson Johan , Hagelin Carina Lundh 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground:Those who are seriously ill and facing death are often living with physical, emotional, social, and spiritual suffering. Teamwork is considered to be necessary to holistically meet the diverse needs of patients in palliative care. Reviews of studies regarding palliative care team outcomes have concluded that teams provide benefits, especially regarding pain and symptom management. Much of the research concerning palliative care teams has been performed from the perspective of the service providers and has less often focused on patients' and families' experiences of care.Objective:Our aim was to investigate how the team's work is manifested in care episodes narrated by patients and families in specialized palliative home care (SPHC).Method:A total of 13 interviews were conducted with patients and families receiving specialized home care. Six patients and seven family members were recruited through SPHC team leaders. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and the transcripts qualitatively analyzed into themes.Results:Two themes were constructed through thematic analysis: (1) security (“They are always available,” “I get the help I need quickly”); and (2) continuity of care (“They know me/us, our whole situation and they really care”). Of the 74 care episodes, 50 were descriptions of regularly scheduled visits, while 24 related to acute care visits and/or interventions.Significance of results:Patients' and family members' descriptions of the work of SPHC teams are conceptualized through experiences of security and continuity of care. Experiences of security are fostered through the 24/7 availability of the team, sensitivity and flexibility in meeting patients' and families' needs, and practical adjustments to enable care at home. Experiences of continuity of care are fostered through the team's collective approach, where the individual team member knows the patients and family members, including their whole situation, and cares about the little things in life as well as caring for the family unit.