bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concise Review: The High Cost of High Tech Medicine: Planning Ahead for Market Access
Authors: Driscoll Dawn , Farnia Stephanie , Kefalas Panos , Maziarz Richard T. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Cellular therapies and other regenerative medicines are emerging as potentially transformative additions to modern medicine, but likely at a staggering financial cost. Public health care systems’ budgets are already strained by growing and aging populations, and many private insurer's budgets are equally stretched. The current systems that most payers employ to manage their cash flow are not structured to absorb a sudden onslaught of very expensive prescriptions for a large portion of their covered population. Despite this, developers of new regenerative medicines tend to focus on the demands of regulators, not payers, in order to be compliant throughout the clinical trials phases, and to develop a product that ultimately will be approvable. It is not advisable to assume that an approved product will automatically become a reimbursed product, as examples from current practice in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the U.S. demonstrate; similarly, in Europe numerous Advanced-therapy Medicinal Products achieved market authorization but failed to secure reimbursement (e.g., Glybera, Provenge, ChondroCelect, MACI). There are however strategies and approaches that developers can employ throughout clinical development, in order to generate clinical and health economic data which will be necessary to demonstrate the value proposition of the new product and help ensure market access for patients; furthermore, performance based managed entry agreements coupled with post-launch evidence generation can help overcome challenges around product uncertainty at launch and reduce market access delays.
Structural Characterization of (Diphenylhydrazido)vanadium(V) Compounds
Authors: Sakuramoto Takashi , Hirao Toshikazu , Moriuchi Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2017

Abstract(Diphenylhydrazido)vanadium(V) triisopropoxide was synthesized by the reaction of VO(OiPr)3 with N,N‐diphenylhydrazine. The μ‐isopropoxido‐bridged dimeric structure was observed in the molecular structure of (diphenylhydrazido)vanadium(V) triisopropoxide. The near‐linear V(1)‐N(1)‐N(2) angle of 173.7(3)° with the V(1)‐N(1) distance of 1.667(4) Å indicates that the imido nitrogen has large participation of an sp‐hybridized character. The phenyl substituents of the hydrazido moiety were found to conjugate with the N−N bond. Furthermore, CH‐π intermolecular interaction between two benzene rings was observed to induce polymeric structure in a solid state. (Diphenylhydrazido)vanadium(V) nitrilotriethoxide was obtained by the treatment of (diphenylhydrazido)vanadium(V) triisopropoxide with 2,2′,2′′‐nitrilotriethanol. The slightly increased imido angle (V(1)‐N(1)‐N(2), 176.4(5)°) was observed as compared with (diphenylhydrazido)vanadium(V) triisopropoxide probably because of the apical coordination of the nitrogen.
Synergistic Effect of Bronsted and Lewis Acid Amounts on One‐Pot Synthesis of Aminoxazole by Propargylation and Cycloisomerization
Authors: Venkatesha Naragalu Javaregowda 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOne pot synthesis of aminoxazoles through propargylation and cycloisomerization reaction requires both Bronsted and Lewis acid amounts. The variation in any one of the acid amounts or pore volume upon loading of oxometalates or metal chlorides on gamma alumina causes alteration in the product distribution. The synergistic effect of Bronsted to Lewis (B/L) acid amounts ratio gives better yield. The combination of pore characteristics and acidity provides an idea about the approach of reaction intermediate to both acid sites within the pore giving good selectivity of final product. Among the three factors, either the increase or decrease in one of the acid amounts or pore volume alters the product distribution. The combined effect of B/L ratio and pore volume contributes better yield of final product aminoxazole. It is also evident that, the better correlation was obtained by volume accessibility factors.
A Novel Lateral Approach to the Assessment of Vocal Cord Movement by Ultrasonography
Authors: Fukuhara Takahiro , Donishi Ryohei , Matsuda Eriko , Koyama Satoshi , Fujiwara Kazunori , Takeuchi Hiromi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundUltrasonography is a non‐invasive technique that is commonly used by endocrinologists and endocrine surgeons to examine the thyroid region and could be useful for the assessment of vocal cord movement by these specialists. However, previous studies reported a low rate of successful visualization of vocal cord movement by ultrasonography. To address this issue, we devised a novel ultrasonographic procedure for assessing vocal cord movement indirectly by observing the arytenoid movement from a lateral view.MethodsSubjects were 188 individuals, including 23 patients with vocal cord paralysis and 13 with vocal cord paresis. We performed ultrasonographic assessment of vocal cord movement using two different procedures: the conventional middle transverse procedure and the novel lateral vertical procedure.ResultsThe rate of visualization of vocal cords with the middle transverse procedure was 70.2% and that of the arytenoid cartilage with the lateral vertical procedure was 98.4%. The lateral vertical procedure enabled visualization of all patients with vocal cord paresis/paralysis and detected all 23 patients with vocal paralysis; only one of 13 patients with vocal cord paresis was positively identified. The conventional procedure enabled visualization of 21 of 36 patients with vocal cord paresis/paralysis with high accuracy. There was no false‐positive case in either procedure.ConclusionThe proposed lateral vertical procedure improved the rate of visualization of vocal cord movement by ultrasonography, suggesting that it is a useful technique to screen for vocal cord paralysis by ultrasonography.
Solubilization of Ni Imidazole Complex in Micellar Media of Anionic Surfactants, Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Sodium Stearate
Authors: Younas Nafisa , Rashid Muhammad Abid , Usman Muhammad , Nazir Sadia , Noor Sadia , Basit Abdul , Jamil Muhammad 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe solubilization and physicochemical behavior of a coordination complex of nickel, namely [Ni(im)6]F2·5H2O [hexakis(imidazole)nickel(II) fluoride pentahydrate], in aqueous micellar media of anionic surfactants, i.e., sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium stearate (SS), were investigated by using UV–Vis spectroscopy and electrical conductivity measurements. Spectroscopic techniques were used for the computation of binding constant (Kb), partition coefficient (Kx), change in free energy of binding (ΔGb), and change in free energy of partition (ΔGp), whereas electrical conductivity data was helpful to calculate thermodynamic parameters of micellization of surfactants in the presence of the Ni complex, i.e., standard entropy of micellization (ΔSm), free energy (ΔGm), and enthalpy of micellization (ΔHm). It is evident from the results that solubilization of the Ni complex takes place because of electrostatic as well as hydrophobic interactions. The presence of the Ni complex in micellar media increases the critical micelle concentration of both surfactants owing to the structure‐breaking effect.
Global a priori estimates for the inhomogeneous Landau equation with moderately soft potentials
Authors: Cameron Stephen , Silvestre Luis , Snelson Stanley 
Published: July 2017

We establish
a priori
upper bounds for solutions to the spatially inhomogeneous Landau equation in the case of moderately soft potentials, with arbitrary initial data, under the assumption that mass, energy and entropy densities stay under control. Our pointwise estimates decay polynomially in the velocity variable. We also show that if the initial data satisfies a Gaussian upper bound, this bound is propagated for all positive times.

Résumé

Nous établissons des estimations
a priori
pour les solutions de l'équation de Landau non homogène en espace, dans le cas de potentiels faiblement mous, pour toute donnée initiale, sous l'hypothèse que la masse, l'énergie et la densité d'entropie restent contrôlées. Nos estimations ponctuelles ont une décroissance polynomiale par rapport à la variable de vitesse. Nous démontrons également que si la donnée initiale est bornée par une gaussienne, alors cette borne est propagée pour tous les temps positifs.
Management of patients with pain and severe side effects while on intrathecal morphine therapy: A case study
Authors: Zhou Kehua , Sheng Sen , Wang Gary G. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background and aims
The use of intrathecal morphine therapy has been increasing. Intrathecal morphine therapy is deemed the last resort for patients with intractable chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) who failed other treatments including surgery and pharmaceutical interventions. However, effective treatments for patients with CNCP who “failed” this last resort because of severe side effects and lack of optimal pain control remain unclear.

Methods and results
Here we report two successfully managed patients (Ms. S and Mr. T) who had intractable pain and significant complications years after the start of intrathecal morphine therapy. The two patients had intrathecal morphine pump implantation due to chronic consistent pain and multiple failed surgical operations in the spine. Years after morphine pump implantation, both patients had significant chronic pain and compromised function for activities of daily living. Additionally, Ms. S also had four episodes of small bowel obstruction while Mr. T was diagnosed with end stage severe “dementia”. The successful management of these two patients included the simultaneous multidisciplinary approach for pain management, opioids tapering and discontinuation.

Conclusion
The case study indicates that for patients who fail to respond to intrathecal morphine pump therapy due to side effects and lack of optimal pain control, the simultaneous multidisciplinary pain management approach and opioids tapering seem appropriate.
Consumer’s Guide to Regulatory Impact Analysis: Ten Tips for Being an Informed Policymaker
Authors: Dudley Susan , Belzer Richard , Blomquist Glenn , Brennan Timothy , Carrigan Christopher , Cordes Joseph , Cox Louis A. , Fraas Arthur , Graham John , Gray George , Hammitt James , Krutilla Kerry , Linquiti Peter , Lutter Randall , Mannix Brian , Shapiro Stuart , Smith Anne , Viscusi W. Kip , Zerbe Richard 
Published: July 2017

Regulatory impact analyses (RIAs) weigh the benefits of regulations against the burdens they impose and are invaluable tools for informing decision makers. We offer 10 tips for nonspecialist policymakers and interested stakeholders who will be reading RIAs as consumers.1.Core problem: Determine whether the RIA identifies the core problem (compelling public need) the regulation is intended to address.2.Alternatives: Look for an objective, policy-neutral evaluation of the relative merits of reasonable alternatives.3.Baseline: Check whether the RIA presents a reasonable “counterfactual” against which benefits and costs are measured.4.Increments: Evaluate whether totals and averages obscure relevant distinctions and trade-offs.5.Uncertainty: Recognize that all estimates involve uncertainty, and ask what effect key assumptions, data, and models have on those estimates.6.Transparency: Look for transparency and objectivity of analytical inputs.7.Benefits: Examine how projected benefits relate to stated objectives.8.Costs: Understand what costs are included.9.Distribution: Consider how benefits and costs are distributed.10.Symmetrical treatment: Ensure that benefits and costs are presented symmetrically.
Marine Reservoir Correction for the Southern Marshall Islands for the Past 2500 Years
Authors: Weisler Marshall I , Hua Quan , Zhao Jian-xin , Nguyen Ai Duc , Nothdurft Luke , Yamano Hiroya , Mihaljević Morana 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA robust marine radiocarbon (14C) reservoir correction (ΔR) is essential for calibrating14C dates of marine mollusks and fish bones routinely found in archaeological sites as discarded food remains and bones of terrestrial animals (including humans) with an appreciable marine diet. New ΔR values are reported for the atoll archipelago of the Marshall Islands, eastern Micronesia. Atolls consist of biogenetic material—mostly coral and foraminifera—that can be directly dated for establishing sequences of atoll emergence and islet development. After sectioning and examination using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to screen for sample diagenesis, 6 pristine branch coral samples were selected from the modern oceanside beach, 3 archaeological sites, and islet developmental facies from Ebon Atoll (4º34′N, 168º41′E). Each sample was analyzed by U-series and accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)14C showing no substantial temporal ΔR variations and yielding a weighted mean ΔR of 41±42 yr1spanning ~500 yr before earliest human colonization (the period when islets first became habitable) through the entire 2000-yr occupation sequence. Reliable published ΔR values for Micronesia and Δ14C data for Palmyra Island, together with our results for Ebon Atoll, indicate that the Pacific North Equatorial Counter Current is almost stable for the past 2500 yr.
Satisfaits de la démocratie ? Une analyse du soutien démocratique à partir de la comparaison de deux méthodes de classification des citoyens
Authors: Bornand Thierry , Biard Benjamin , Baudewyns Pierre , Reuchamps Min 
Published: July 2017

RésuméIl est un paradoxe démocratique régulièrement mis en avant : les peuples qui ne connaissent pas la démocratie l'appellent de leurs vœux, alors que, là où elle existe, la démocratie est fortement critiquée. Cela ne signifie pas que les citoyens qui vivent sous la démocratie veulent s'en débarrasser, mais que leur confiance dans le fonctionnement du système démocratique est fortement érodée. Cet article étudie le soutien démocratique en s'interrogeant sur sa mesure, à partir d'une enquête sur un échantillon représentatif de la population wallonne en Belgique. Pour ce faire, il compare deux méthodes de classification des citoyens : la méthode dite «a priori», classiquement utilisée dans la littérature, et une méthode dite «inductive», inspirée de la psychologie sociale. Trois profils, dont les contours varient partiellement selon la méthode, émergent –les « non-démocrates », les « démocrates satisfaits » et les « démocrates insatisfaits »– et sont analysés au travers de quatre approches théoriques : les ressources, la modernisation, l'idéologie et l'identification nationale.
Disease–weather relationships for wheat powdery mildew under climate change in China
Authors: ZHANG L. , YANG B. Y. , LI S. , GUO A. H. 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYLittle is known about the quantitative relationships between wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria graminisf.sp.tritici) epidemics and climatic variables at the provincial scale in China, particularly under climate change. The present study assesses the actual disease process and corresponding impact on wheat yield and addresses climatic-driven variables that affect a powdery mildew epidemic. Powdery mildew increased in frequency from 1981 to 2010, and wheat yield decreased in most regions. It was clear that differences in disease and yield loss occurred temporally and spatially. Although particular weather variables were positively or negatively related to the disease, multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that mostly fewer than three variables affected prevalence and severity of powdery mildew in each province. In most cases, some combination of higher temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind led to higher disease severity. These weather factors had different effects on disease development. The influence of climatic variables on powdery mildew tended to decrease from 1981 to 2010, whereas the effect of non-climatic factors increased and was attributed mainly to the use of fungicides and resistant cultivars. Therefore, the results of the current study suggest that wheat powdery mildew in China will not increase consistently in the future. In addition, the quantitative assessment method used in the current study can generally provide a good way to identify disease epidemics under climate change.
Palaeoparasitology and palaeogenetics: review and perspectives for the study of ancient human parasites
Authors: CÔTÉ NATHALIE M.-L. , LE BAILLY MATTHIEU 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYWhile some species of parasites can be identified to species level from archaeological remains using microscopy (i.e.Enterobius vermicularis,Clonorchis sinensis), others can only be identified to family or genus level as different species produce eggs with similar morphology (i.e.Tæniasp. andEchinococcussp.). Molecular and immunological approaches offer the possibility to provide more precise determination at the species level. They can also identify taxa when classic parasite markers such as eggs or cysts have been destroyed over time. However, biomolecules can be poorly preserved and modern reference DNA is available only for a limited number of species of parasites, leading to the conclusion that classic microscopic observation should be combined with molecular analyses. Here we present a review of the molecular approaches used over the past two decades to identify human pathogenic helminths (Ascarissp.,Trichurissp.,E. vermicularis,Fasciolasp. etc.) or protists (Giardiasp.,Trypanosomasp.,Leishmaniasp. etc.). We also discuss the prospects for studying the evolution of parasites with genetics and genomics.
The making of a modern public health system in some smaller Chinese towns, 1929–1949
Authors: VIANA VENUS 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT:This article is a study of Zhongshan in South China, which took on the responsibility for modernizing its public health system after it was promulgated as a model county by the Nationalist government in Nanjing in 1929. However, the county was not ready to become a model. Insufficient budget, lack of experience, medical skills and directions limited the scope of the enterprise and its chances to succeed in a number of projects. Zhongshan's urban residents, on the other hand, were going through a transition from traditional to new public health practices. There were widely divergent views on the subject. For instance, some did not only accept the authorities interfering in and controlling their personal and environmental hygiene, but regarded this role as their right. Yet, many others did not see the need for changes. Ultimately, Zhongshan was caught between pressure exerted by Nanjing and the social tensions created by reform programmes that the authorities failed to implement properly.
Management of Diabetic Surgical Patients in a Deployed Field Hospital: A Model for Acute Non-Communicable Disease Care in Disaster
Authors: McDermott Kathleen M. , Hardstaff Ruth M. , Alpen Sophie , Read David J. , Coatsworth Nicholas R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSudden onset disasters (SODs) have affected over 1.5 billion of the world’s population in the past decade. During the same time, developing nations have faced a sustained increase in the burden of non-communicable disease (NCD) with extra pressure placed on health systems. The combined increase in SODs and the NCD epidemic facing the world’s most disaster-prone nations will present new challenges to emergency medical teams (EMTs) during disaster response. This report details the experience as an EMT during the Typhoon Haiyan disaster of 2013, with particular reference to the challenges of diabetic management in a surgical field hospital. The incidence of diabetes in this surgical cohort exceeded that of the population by a factor of four. The steps to prepare for and treat diabetes in the field provide a useful model for the management of NCD in the deployed field hospital environment after a disaster.McDermottKM, HardstaffRM, AlpenS, ReadDJ, CoatsworthNR. Management of diabetic surgical patients in a deployed field hospital: a model for acute non-communicable disease care in disaster. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):657–661.
miR-181d and c-myc-mediated inhibition of CRY2 and FBXL3 reprograms metabolism in colorectal cancer
Authors: Guo Xiaofeng , Zhu Yuekun , Hong Xinya , Zhang Mukun , Qiu Xingfeng , Wang Zhenfa , Qi Zhongquan , Hong Xuehui 
Published: July 2017

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second major cause of tumor-related deaths. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have pivotal roles in CRC progression. Here, we describe the effect of miR-181d on CRC cell metabolism and underlying molecular mechanism. Our data firmly demonstrated that knockdown of miR-181d suppressed CRC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by impairing glycolysis. Mechanistically, miR-181d stabilized c-myc through directly targeting the 3′-UTRs of CRY2 and FBXL3, which subsequently increased the glucose consumption and the lactate production. Inhibition of c-myc via siRNA or small molecular inhibitor abolished the oncogenic effects of miR-181d on the growth and metastasis of CRC cells. Furthermore, c-myc/HDAC3 transcriptional suppressor complex was found to co-localize on the CRY2 and FBXL3 promoters, epigenetically inhibit their transcription, and finally induce their downregulation in CRC cells. In addition, miR-181d expression could be directly induced by an activation of c-myc signaling. Together, our data indicate an oncogenic role of miR-181d in CRC by promoting glycolysis, and miR-181d/CRY2/FBXL3/c-myc feedback loop might be a therapeutic target for patients with CRC.
Acid sphingomyelinase mediates human CD4+ T-cell signaling: potential roles in T-cell responses and diseases
Authors: Bai Aiping , Guo Yuan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAcid sphingomyelinase (ASM) is a lipid hydrolase. By generating ceramide, ASM had been reported to have an important role in regulating immune cell functions inclusive of macrophages, NK cells, and CD8+ T cells, whereas the role of ASM bioactivity in regulation of human CD4+ T-cell functions remained uncertain. Recent studies have provided novel findings in this field. Upon stimulation of CD3 and/or CD28, ASM-dependent ceramide signaling mediates intracellular downstream signal cascades of CD3 and CD28, and regulates CD4+ T-cell activation and proliferation. Meanwhile, CD39 and CD161 have direct interactions with ASM, which mediates downstream signals inclusive of STAT3 and mTOR and thus defines human Th17 cells. Intriguingly, ASM mediates Th1 responses, but negatively regulates Treg functions. In this review, we summarized the pivotal roles of ASM in regulation of human CD4+ T-cell activation and responses. ASM/sphingolipid signaling may be a novel target for the therapy of human autoimmune diseases.
A promising high-energy-density material
Authors: Zhang Wenquan , Zhang Jiaheng , Deng Mucong , Qi Xiujuan , Nie Fude , Zhang Qinghua 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHigh-energy density materials represent a significant class of advanced materials and have been the focus of energetic materials community. The main challenge in this field is to design and synthesize energetic compounds with a highest possible density and a maximum possible chemical stability. Here we show an energetic compound, [2,2′-bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole)]-5,5′-dinitramide, is synthesized through a two-step reaction from commercially available reagents. It exhibits a surprisingly high density (1.99 g cm−3 at 298 K), poor solubility in water and most organic solvents, decent thermal stability, a positive heat of formation and excellent detonation properties. The solid-state structural features of the synthesized compound are also investigated via X-ray diffraction and several theoretical techniques. The energetic and sensitivity properties of the explosive compound are similar to those of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12-(hexanitrohexaaza)cyclododecane (CL-20), and the developed compound shows a great promise for potential applications as a high-energy density material.