bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depressive symptoms in older adults awaiting cataract surgery
Authors: Palagyi Anna , Rogers Kris , Meuleners Lynn , McCluskey Peter , White Andrew , Ng Jonathon Q , Morlet Nigel , Keay Lisa 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo assess the prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms in a cohort of older adults awaiting cataract surgery and establish threshold vision at which depressive symptoms may emerge.DesignAnalysis of cross‐sectional baseline data from a longitudinal cohort study of patients aged ≥65 years on Australian public hospital cataract surgery waiting lists.ParticipantsWe included 329 participants enrolled October 2013–August 2015.MethodsParticipants completed assessment of depressive symptoms, visual disability, quality of life, social participation and exercise frequency at least one month prior to cataract surgery. High and low contrast habitual vision was examined and systemic comorbidities noted.Main Outcome MeasureDepressive symptoms prior to first eye cataract surgery.ResultsThe prevalence of depressive symptoms was 28.6% (94/329). Univariate analysis identified that participants with poorer high contrast vision, reduced quality of life, greater patient‐reported visual disability, higher comorbidity score and who were taking more medications were more likely to exhibit signs of depression. Greater patient‐reported visual disability (P = 0.02), reduced quality of life (P = 0.003) and a higher comorbidity score (P = 0.02) remained significantly associated with depressive symptoms in the multivariable model. Depressive symptoms emerged at a visual acuity of 6/12.ConclusionsThese findings demonstrate a high prevalence of depressive symptoms in older persons with cataract, emerging at modest levels of vision loss. Efficient referral processes, timely surgical management, and improved screening and coordinated treatment of depressive symptoms during the surgical wait may minimize the negative psychological effects of cataract in this already vulnerable population.
Tasmanian macular hole study: whole population‐based incidence of full thickness macular hole
Authors: Darian‐Smith Erica , Howie Allister R , Allen Penny L , Vote Brendan J 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeTo determine the incidence of full thickness macular hole in the Tasmanian population.DesignA whole population retrospective case series in Tasmania, Australia.MethodsPatients diagnosed with full thickness macular hole (confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging) of both idiopathic and secondary causes were identified from April 2005 to April 2011 by a sole vitreoretinal surgeon servicing Tasmania. Baseline characteristics were recorded. The six‐year incidence rate was calculated, based on the 2006 and 2011 Tasmanian census data. Incidence rates were age and sex standardized.ParticipantsOne hundred forty‐seven eyes of 136 patients.Main Outcome MeasuresTo determine the incidence (age and sex standardized) of full thickness macular holes in Tasmania, Australia.ResultsIdiopathic macular holes comprised 128 (87.1%). There were 116 cases of idiopathic Full Thickness Macular Hole in one or both eyes between 1 April 2005 and 31 April 2011. The six‐year incidence of idiopathic full‐thickness macular holes was 24.3 per 100 000 people, 4.05 per 100 000 per year, with the highest six‐year incidence observed among women aged 70–79 years.ConclusionThis is the first global study to report OCT confirmed incidence rates of full thickness macular holes in a relatively static Australian population sub‐group.
A prospective randomised trial of LigaSure Small Jaw® versus conventional neck dissection in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Lin W.‐J. , Wang C.‐C. , Jiang R.‐S. , Huang Y.‐C. , Ho H.‐C. , Liu S.‐A. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesWe compared the differences between LigaSure Small Jaw®‐assisted and conventional neck dissection in patients with head and neck cancer.DesignProspective randomised study.SettingTertiary referral hospital.ParticipantsPatients scheduled to undergo neck dissection due to head and neck cancer were eligible for this study. The study group was treated using the LigaSure vessel sealing system (Small Jaw®; Covidien, Colorado, USA) for dissection and hemostasis throughout the whole procedures (ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02597582).Main outcomes measuresOperation duration, perioperative blood loss, postoperative drainage amount and postoperative pain status.ResultsThe study group consisted of 21 patients, while the control group had 20 patients. The operation duration was shorter (97.1 versus 116.3 min, P = 0.022) and the average amount of injected analgesics was lower (8.8 versus 17.7 ampules, P = 0.037) in the study group.ConclusionsThe assistance of the LigaSure Small Jaw® during functional neck dissection shortened the operation duration and decreased the amount of injected analgesics needed.
What is the publication rate for presentations given at the British Academic Conference in Otolaryngology (BACO)?
Authors: Lau A.S. , Adan G.H. , Krishnan M. , Leong S.C. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesThe publication rate of some large academic meetings such as the American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery has been reported as 32%. We aimed to compare the rate of publication at the British Academic Conference in Otolaryngology (BACO) to allow surveillance of research activity in the United Kingdom (UK).Design and settingThe abstract records of both BACO 2009 and 2012 were examined. The MEDLINE database was searched using PubMed (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed) and an iterative approach. We recorded time to publication as well as the authors’ region and journal.Main outcome measurespublication rate by conference, region and journal.ResultsTwice the number of presentations were made at BACO 2012 (n = 814) compared to BACO 2009 (n = 387). Absolute numbers of publications were 158 in 2012 and 92 in 2009. Overall, the publication rate dropped from 24% overall in 2009 to 19% in 2012. This difference in proportions was not significant (P = 0.08). The number of abstracts accepted for BACO 2012 doubled from BACO 2009 in nearly every subspecialty category, except the general/training category, which trebled. For both conferences, head and neck was the largest subspecialty abstract category, as well as the largest subspecialty publication category.ConclusionsThis study showed that the majority of abstracts presented at BACO 2009 and 2012 did not progress to publication. The rate of publication was similar to that seen in other general ENT meetings but do not compare favourably to the 69% rate seen for presentations made at the Otorhinolaryngological Research Society (ORS). The large increase in accepted abstracts at BACO 2012 may reflect growing competition for entry to specialist training.
Uncontrolled blood pressure as an independent risk factor of early impaired left ventricular systolic function in treated hypertension
Authors: Chen Xiao‐Jing , Sun Xiao‐Lin , Zhang Qing , Gao Xi‐Lian , Liang Yu‐Jia , Jiang Jing , Kang Yu , Chen Yu‐Cheng , Zeng Zhi , Yu Cheuk‐Man 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundUncontrolled blood pressure (BP) is commonly observed in patients receiving antihypertensive agents. However, its relationship with early left ventricular (LV) dysfunction has not been elucidated.MethodsThis study enrolled 276 patients with treated hypertension and 85 healthy controls. The 140/90 mm Hg was used to define controlled (HT1 group, n=145) or uncontrolled BP (HT2 group, n=131) according to the concurrent guidelines. LV myocardial function was assessed by two‐dimensional speckle tracking imaging, and the circumferential end‐systolic wall stress (cESS)‐corrected mid‐wall fraction shortening (MWFS), systolic longitudinal (εLs‐18), circumferential (εCs‐18), and radial (εRs‐18) strain were measured.ResultsDespite similar ejection fraction, the HT1 and HT2 groups displayed an overall reduction in the cESS‐corrected MWFS (13.4±2.7 vs 11.7±1.7 vs 15.5±1.2), εLs‐18 (15.6±2.8 vs 13.0±2.2 vs 17.4±2.8), εCs‐18 (17.3±3.4 vs 14.1±2.7 vs 18.9±3.3), and εRs‐18 (18.4±4.0 vs 14.8±3.1 vs 20.5±4.5) %·cm2/kdyne·10−2 when compared with the control group (all P<.001). The changes were more obvious in the HT2 group, regardless of LV hypertrophy. Reductions in the cESS‐corrected MWFS and εLs‐18 were seen in 68 (25%) and 52 (19%) patients, respectively. Uncontrolled BP were 4.365 times (95% CI 2.203–8.648, P<.001) and 3.928 times (1.851–8.337, P<.001) more likely to be associated with the changes.ConclusionsUncontrolled BP in hypertensive patients is associated with further reduction in LV myocardial function detected by advanced echocardiographic techniques, which cannot be explained by the increase in afterload. It might be regarded as a composite risk factor for earlier and faster development of clinical heart failure, therefore, a simplified treatment target.
Taxonomic review ofAgraphydrusfrom Japan (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)
Authors: Minoshima Yûsuke N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Japanese species of the genusAgraphydrusare revised. Five species are recognized, includingAgraphydrus ogataisp. nov.from Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu. The new species can be distinguished by the coarse ground punctures on the pronotum and elytra, and by the shape of parameres. All species exceptA. luteilateralisare redescribed. All species are diagnosed, relevant morphological characters are illustrated, distributional records are summarized and an updated key is provided.
Cornicle secretions of Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum (Homoptera: Aphididae) as the last bullet against lady beetle larvae
Authors: Barry Adema , Ohno Kazuro 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAphids have evolved various defense strategies against natural enemies, including secretions from their cornicles. We assessed the defensive function of cornicle secretions by the goldenrod aphid, Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum (Olive), against larvae of the lady beetles Coccinella septempunctata bruckii Mulsant and Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The aphid secreted red droplets from its cornicles when attacked by the larvae. Two‐thirds of the C. septempunctata bruckii larvae and 46.7% of the P. japonica larvae that preyed on the aphids died before reaching the pre‐pupal stage. The secretions caused molting failure when smeared on the larvae's heads or glued to the larvae's mouthparts, killing 56.7% of C. septempunctata bruckii larvae and 36.7% of P. japonica larvae. Second instar larvae were affected most. About 40% of third and fourth instar larvae of C. septempunctata bruckii vomited soon after ingesting the aphids. In the field, up to 40% of first and second instar larvae were smeared with red secretions. Our results show that these cornicle secretions are an effective and active defense against earlier instars of coccinellid larvae.
Research on m‐machine flow shop scheduling with truncated learning effects
Authors: Wang Ji‐Bo , Liu Feng , Wang Jian‐Jun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe permutation flow shop problems with truncated exponential sum of logarithm processing times based and position‐based learning effects are considered in this study. The objective is to minimize makespan and total weighted completion time, respectively. Several heuristics and a branch‐and‐bound algorithm are proposed in this paper. The tight worst‐case bounds of some simple heuristics are also given. Numerical experiments are tested to evaluate the performance of the heuristics and branch‐and‐bound algorithm.
There is more to the picture than meets the eye: adaptation for crypsis blurs phylogeographical structure in a lizard
Authors: Díaz José A. , Verdú‐Ricoy Joaquín , Iraeta Pablo , Llanos‐Garrido Alejandro , Pérez‐Rodríguez Antón , Salvador Alfredo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimWe examined dorsal coloration in and genetic relationships among Iberian populations of the lizard Psammodromus algirus to determine the extent to which the current distribution of phenotypic variation is correlated with phylogeographical history or local environmental conditions.LocationIberian Peninsula, western Palaearctic.MethodsWe sequenced mitochondrial DNA (ND4 and adjacent tRNAs genes) in 36 populations, and seven microsatellite loci in eight representative populations. In 23 populations, lizards were classified according to the presence and intensity of a dorsal striped pattern, the heritability of which was estimated by means of mother–offspring regressions. To determine whether colour pattern is an adaptation for crypsis, we compared the time taken by humans to detect striped and unstriped lizards in different environments.ResultsThe analysis of mtDNA revealed an ancient split between a western clade, subdivided into south‐ and north‐western haplogroups, and an eastern clade with central, south‐eastern and eastern haplogroups. In contrast, nuclear markers showed a post‐glacial admixture of central and western haplogroups, with the central haplogroup apparently isolated from the rest of its clade. This was consistent with variation in the dorsal striped pattern, a heritable phenotypic trait: central and western lizards were unstriped, whereas eastern lizards were striped. We then suggest that dorsal coloration promotes crypsis: in eastern locations detection times were longer for striped than for unstriped lizards, whereas the opposite was true in western and central locations.Main conclusionsOur results indicate that natural selection for crypsis may promote not only divergence within clades, as suggested by the apparent isolation between unstriped central lizards and striped members of eastern haplogroups, but also admixture between them. We conclude that ecologically driven selection is crucial for understanding the phylogeographical background of phenotypic variation, because recent adaptation to the environment can blur the effects of ancestral isolation.
Encouraging professional scepticism in medical practice
Authors: Feragen Anne Rose R 
Published: July 2016

AbstractComplex cases constitute a considerable part of what medical practitioners have to deal with. In this paper, I refer specifically to instances that are complex as they are related to the profound epistemological problem of underdetermination. The underdetermination thesis states that theories are underdetermined by data, meaning that any set of data is logically compatible with different scientific theories. For the medical practitioners, this means that there is a risk that the analysis they give or the judgments they make might be incorrect. As being incorrect might lead to patients experiencing additional, more intense or prolonged suffering, it is very important that uncertainty is dealt with in a professional way. The ancient scepticism proposed by Sextus Empiricus and the professional scepticism in auditing of today both offer systematic approaches to what is uncertain that might work also in a medical setting.
Sex Differences in Hip Fracture Surgery: Preoperative Risk Factors for Delirium and Postoperative Outcomes
Authors: Oh Esther S. , Sieber Frederick E. , Leoutsakos Jeannie‐Marie , Inouye Sharon K. , Lee Hochang B. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo describe the differences observed in risk factors for delirium and outcomes between men and women undergoing hip fracture repair surgery.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingAcademic medical center.ParticipantsIndividuals with acute hip fracture admitted to an academic medical center (N = 431).MeasurementsInformation on preoperative demographic characteristics, medical history, laboratory results, and postoperative outcomes was obtained according to history and chart review. Delirium was assessed using the Confusion Assessment Method.ResultsThe overall incidence of postoperative delirium was 34%, with men more likely to experience postoperative delirium (44.8%) than women (30.2%) (P = .004). Male sex was associated with postoperative delirium in individuals with hip fracture, even after adjusting for other preoperative risk factors. Other significant preoperative risk factors included age, dementia, Parkinson's disease, and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification. Men were also more likely to experience other postoperative complications and have longer hospital length of stay.ConclusionMen are at higher risk of postoperative delirium after hip fracture repair than women and have more postoperative surgical complications. Their higher risk of postoperative delirium may be due to their underlying preoperative disease severity.
Sex differences in stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity following early life adversity: a two hit model
Authors: Prusator D. K. , Greenwood‐Van Meerveld B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundEarly life adversity (ELA) has been indicated as a risk factor for the development of stress axis dysfunction in adulthood, specifically in females. We previously showed that unpredictable ELA induces visceral hyperalgesia in adult female rats. It remains to be determined whether ELA alters visceral nociceptive responses to stress in adulthood. The current study tested the hypothesis that following ELA, exposure to an adulthood stressor, or second hit, serves as a risk factor for exaggerated stress‐induced visceral hypersensitivity that is sex‐specific.MethodsFollowing ELA, adult stress was induced via a single exposure (acute) or repetitive daily exposure, 1 h/day for 7 days (chronic), to water avoidance stress (WAS).Key ResultsAcute WAS increased pain behaviors in all adult female rats, however, females that experienced unpredictable ELA exhibited significantly more pain behaviors compared to those exposed to predictable ELA or controls. Following chronic WAS, all adult females exhibited increased pain responses, however, an exaggerated response was observed in rats exposed to unpredictable or predictable ELA compared to controls. Similarly, in adult male rats exposure to acute or chronic WAS increased pain behaviors, however, there were no differences in pain behaviors between ELA groups.Conclusions & InferencesThis study highlights a novel consequence of ELA on stress‐induced visceral nociception in adulthood that is sex‐specific. More importantly, our study suggests that ELA not only serves as a risk factor for development of chronic pain in adulthood, but also serves as a predisposition for worsening of visceral pain following adult stress in female rats.
Challenging the paradigms of leaf evolution: Class III HD‐Zips in ferns and lycophytes
Authors: Vasco Alejandra , Smalls Tynisha L. , Graham Sean W. , Cooper Endymion D. , Wong Gane Ka‐Shu , Stevenson Dennis W. , Moran Robbin C. , Ambrose Barbara A. 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Despite the extraordinary significance leaves have for life on Earth, their origin and development remain vigorously debated. More than a century of paleobotanical, morphological, and phylogenetic research has still not resolved fundamental questions about leaves. Developmental genetic data are sparse in ferns, and comparative studies of lycophytes and seed plants have reached opposing conclusions on the conservation of a leaf developmental program.

We performed phylogenetic and expression analyses of a leaf developmental regulator (Class III HD‐Zip genes; C3HDZs) spanning lycophytes and ferns.

We show that a duplication and neofunctionalization of C3HDZs probably occurred in the ancestor of euphyllophytes, and that there is a common leaf developmental mechanism conserved between ferns and seed plants. We show C3HDZ expression in lycophyte and fern sporangia and show that C3HDZs have conserved expression patterns during initiation of lateral primordia (leaves or sporangia). This expression is maintained throughout sporangium development in lycophytes and ferns and indicates an ancestral role of C3HDZs in sporangium development.

We hypothesize that there is a deep homology of all leaves and that a sporangium‐specific developmental program was coopted independently for the development of lycophyte and euphyllophyte leaves. This provides molecular genetic support for a paradigm shift in theories of lycophyte leaf evolution.
MTHFR c.677C>T is a risk factor for non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate in Chile
Authors: Ramírez‐Chau C , Blanco R , Colombo A , Pardo R , Suazo J 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThe functional variant within the 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene c.677C>T, producing alterations in folate metabolism, has been associated with the risk of non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P). We assessed this association in a Chilean population using a combined analysis of case–control and case–parent trio samples.Subjects and methodsSamples of 165 cases and 291 controls and 121 case–parent trios (sharing the cases) were genotyped. Odds ratio (OR) was estimated for case–control (allele and genotype frequency differences), and this result was confirmed by allele transmission distortion in trios. Due to that these samples are not independent, a combined OR was also computed. Maternal genotype effect was additionally evaluated based on a log‐linear method.ResultsBorderline but not significant OR (1.28; CI 0.97–1.69) was observed for risk allele (T) in the case–control sample. However, triad sample showed a significant association (OR 1.56: CI 1.09–2.25) which was confirmed by the combined OR (1.37; CI 1.11–1.71). Maternal genotype has been also associated with the phenotype (P = 0.002).ConclusionsIn contrast to previous reports considering Chilean subjects, our results demonstrated that the offspring and maternal genotypes for MTHFR c.677C>T variant are strongly associated with NSCL/P in this Chilean population.