bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancing Decision Making In Field Operations And Maintenance: A Practical Risk Based Analysis Tool
Authors: Abdullah I. F. , Kusuma H. S. , Suryaputra C. H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This tool is drawn from a variety of existing literature on decision analysis and risk management, adapting this concept to the practical challenges in the field. It's based on case studies from PT. Donggi Senoro LNG, where real-world scenarios are categorized and analyzed. This tool combines predictive analytics, which assesses spare part requirements using historical failure data, and multi-criteria decision analysis for choosing equipment overhaul providers and planning system upgrades. This approach standardizes inputs and assumptions in decision-making, enhancing the tool's applicability in diverse situations. It's a robust solution for efficient and effective risk management and decision support.
This tool is drawn from a variety of existing literature on decision analysis and risk management, adapting this concept to the practical challenges in the field. It's based on case studies from PT. Donggi Senoro LNG, where real-world scenarios are categorized and analyzed. This tool combines predictive analytics, which assesses spare part requirements using historical failure data, and multi-criteria decision analysis for choosing equipment overhaul providers and planning system upgrades. This approach standardizes inputs and assumptions in decision-making, enhancing the tool's applicability in diverse situations. It's a robust solution for efficient and effective risk management and decision support.
Application within PT. Donggi Senoro LNG has demonstrated the significant impact of this tool in optimizing decision-making processes. This tool has led to more transparent and informed decision-making processes. Decisions are now based on clearer criteria and better information, allowing stakeholders to understand and trust the process more. Its effectiveness is evident in more effective spare parts procurement, enabling the selection of optimal and economically viable maintenance service providers, and guiding appropriate system upgrades in a timely manner. These outcomes highlight the value of a balanced decision-making strategy, one that carefully considers both risk and economic aspects. This approach has not only streamlined operations at PT. Donggi Senoro LNG, but also presents potential benefits for the broader range of scenarios in the oil and gas industry, and potentially in other sectors of the energy industry.
This tool represents a new approach with represents a significant advancement in operational in decision-making within the energy sector. This tool brings a practical, easy-to-use solution to complex decision-making challenges, combining academic theories with real-world applications. The tool's development and application demonstrate a novel way of enhancing operational efficiency and strategic planning. Its adoption has the potential to set new benchmarks in operational decision-making, aligning with industry needs for efficiency.
Driving Operation Excellence: Shaping Operational Excellence through Competence Maintenance & Engineering Technical Executives for Superior Asset Integrity
Authors: Nordin Nadirah , Yusof Yushafidi , Syahriful Arie Pratiwi , Bawan M Zainuri 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This manuscript explores the pivotal role of Maintenance & Engineering technical executives (M&E executives) in driving operational excellence and ensuring superior asset integrity within PETRONAS Upstream. It delves into the comprehensive competency requirements for these executives, emphasising the necessity of both technical skills and soft skills to lead teams effectively. In PETRONAS Upstream, M&E executives are crucial in orchestrating and executing strategies that enhance operations efficiency and improve asset performance in both oil and gas installation at onshore and offshore facilities. Recognised as Business-Critical positions, these executives are essential for the maintenance and efficient operation of equipment and machinery, particularly Safety Critical Elements (SCE), to minimise downtime and extend the lifespan of facilities.
To fulfill these critical roles, PETRONAS Upstream's M&E executives must excel not only in technical but also in leadership skills. Recognising this, PETRONAS Upstream Capability department has established a Maintenance & Engineering Structured Competency Development Programme (SCDP), a comprehensive career development structured guide. This SCDP focuses on equipping them with the necessary technical, functional, and leadership competencies, ensuring them to maintain high standards in Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) capabilities, possess commercial acumen, and uphold strong leadership values.
The manuscript also discusses the strategic use of data analytics to measure the success of SCDP. PETRONAS Upstream Capability department employs a data-driven approach to inform decisions, identify competency gaps, and ensure precise alignment of competencies with roles, thereby enhancing efficiency, productivity, and safety of the facilities. The M&E Analysis Dashboard, tailored to specific asset and function needs, exemplifies this commitment to continuous improvement. Additionally, this manuscript highlights the Assurance Programme, which ensures the consistent application and maintenance of these competencies to meet stringent safety and regulatory standards.
By examining these key elements, the manuscript underscores the importance of continuous capability development and its impact on operational performance. It presents a comprehensive approach in shaping operational excellence, demonstrating how a well-developed and competent workforce sets the fundamentals to achieve long-term success and sustainability in asset management.
Utilisation of CO2 to Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Wattana P. A. , Thivasasith A. , Nunthakitgoson W. , Rodaum C. , Wattanakit C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Capturing and converting CO2 into value-added chemicals and materials is of great interest for decarbonization. Among them, the CO2 conversion to advanced materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is a promising CO2 utilization. CNTs can be used in many applications, owing to its exceptional properties of high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, high tensile strength, and high surface area. In this work, we have successfully developed catalysts and process to convert CO2 to CNTs. Active transition metal catalysts supported on zeolites were developed for the synthesis of CNTs using CO2 as raw material. The synthesis of CNTs from CO2 over the developed catalyst was carried out via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. The quantity and quality of the carbon nanotubes synthesized from CO2 were determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy. A comparison between the current response of the synthesized CNTs and commercial CNTs were performed using cyclic voltammetry (V vs. Ag/AgCl) method. By optimizing metal type, metal loading, zeolite topologies and pore structures (hierarchically porous or conventionally microporous), the best CNTs were obtained over the 25wt%Fe on hierarchical FAU catalyst. The qualification and quantification of resulting CNTs were based on an average diameter size of 23.1 nm, a high yield of 15.4%, and ID/IG ratio (CNTs quality) of 0.56 as characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The synthesized CNTs demonstrated improved performance in terms of current response compared to commercial CNTs when evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (V vs. Ag/AgCl) with a 0.5 M H2SO4 supporting electrolyte. This enhanced performance can be attributed to the small diameter and high quality of the synthesized CNTs. This work demonstrates the industrially relevant utilization of CO2 towards highly conductive CNTs-based materials, which have many potential applications including energy storages, sensors, electronic circuits, composite materials, etc. Transition metals like Fe and Ni play a crucial role as catalysts in the decomposition of CO2 during the CNTs synthesis. Well-dispersed distribution of metal nanoparticles on the hierarchical zeolite can enhance catalytic activity, consequently resulting in more favorable CNTs synthesis outcomes.
A New Semi-Iterative Well-Test Matching Method Based on Featured Points for Homogeneous Reservoir
Authors: Guo Xue , Chen Zhiming , Zhu Haifeng , Zhou Biao , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The accurate inversion of reservoir parameters is of paramount importance for the successful production of oil and gas. The well test is an important technique for achieving accurate reservoir parameter inversion. However, the challenge of balancing inversion accuracy and speed is present in existing well-test analysis. To tackle this challenge, two homogeneous well-test models with single and dual-porosity media are first presented for the study. Then, a new semi-iterative model (SIM) is used for well-test curve matching method based on featured points of these two well-test models. Furthermore, this study continues to compare the performance of the SIM, the formula-based analytical model (FAM), and the full-iterative model (FIM). It is found that the SIM can be more efficient and accurate to invert the parameters of homogeneous reservoir, because it can integrate the analytical and iterative inversion for each parameter. In addition, the analytical solution formulas for the storage capacity ratio and the interporosity flow coefficient in dual-porosity model are improved using the curvilinear method to achieve higher inversion accuracies. It is found that the median relative errors of parameter inversion for both single and dual-porosity media reservoirs are approximately 0.10% and 0.51%, respectively. The mean time for the SIM model to achieve both parameter inversion and matching of the well-test curves for the two aforementioned models is 2.36 seconds and 251.30 seconds, respectively. The time required for manual fitting methods that rely on human experience is reduced by approximately 90% or more. The results demonstrate that the SIM model proposed in this study is an accurate and efficient method for matching well-test curves of homogeneous reservoirs.
Design and Application of an Integrated Experimental Apparatus for Shale Scratch and Indentation Based on an In-Situ Environment
Authors: Liang Lihao , Meng Siwei , Tao Jiaping , Fu Hongtao , Lu Yunhui , Liu He 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The proven reserves of shale oil are continuously increasing, with hydraulic fracturing being the key technology enabling its commercial exploitation. Compressive strength, fracture toughness, and hardness are important parameters reflecting the mechanical properties of shale. Research on these parameters can effectively guide fracturing operations and help identify optimal fracturing zones. Given this, it is of great significance to understand the mechanical properties of the entire shale formation.
This study designs an experimental apparatus for the integrated measurement of shale scratch and indentation based on an in-situ environment. The system combines the functions of shale scratch and indentation tests, allowing for scratch and indentation experiments by simply replacing the blade and adjusting program instructions. This novel scratch system enables continuous measurement of shale mechanical properties at an engineering scale. The designed temperature-pressure device replicates reservoir conditions. The device was used to evaluate the mechanical characteristics of various lithofacies in the shale basin.
Results are as follows. The device primarily consists of a scratch and indentation execution system, a data acquisition system, and a data processing system. The scratch and indentation execution system includes a horizontal movement subsystem, a vertical movement subsystem, and an execution blade, among others. These subsystems collaborate to conduct scratch and indentation experiments. The temperature-pressure device can simulate reservoir conditions for scratch and indentation experiments at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 150 ℃, and pressures ranging from 0.1 to 27 MPa. The device has been used to evaluate the mechanical characteristics and compressibility of four common shale lithofacies in the Songliao Basin. The study analyzed the evolution of shale mechanical properties under the influence of lamination, microfractures, and mineral composition. Different types of shale exhibit varying levels of fracturability, with siltstone shale demonstrating the highest fracturability, followed by laminated feisic shale, laminated diamictic shale, and finally, foliaceous shale.
Compared to conventional mechanical experiments and well logging results, the design of this experimental apparatus provides a convenient, economical, and precise method to study the mechanical properties of shale. The measurement results exhibit continuous variations and achieve millimeter-level accuracy, providing a robust theoretical foundation for hydraulic fracturing operations and identification of the optimal fracturing zones.
Successful Chemical Water Shut-Off Treatment in Heavy Oil Fields of India
Authors: Majumdar B. , Dayal H. S. , Kamble S. , Jayaraj M A , Kumar A. , Kumar A. , Mohanta P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The instant paper relates to the successful water shut-off treatment in heavy-oil fields of India through squeezing polymer into the gravel pack completion well.
Santhal and Balol are heavy oil fields with viscosities ranging from 50 cp-1500 cp, API gravity 16-17°, permeability 3-5 darcy, and both fields are supported by active edge water aquifer support. Due to mobility contrast, viscous fingering is a prominent issue in the reservoir, further aided by high permeability, leading to the formation of high permeable streaks, resulting in a drastic increase in WC in wells.
To counter this problem, water shutoff jobs were carried out in the wells flowing with high water cut. Since the reservoir is highly unconsolidated and sand production is a challenge, all the wells are completed with Gravel pack. GP completion further complicates the water shutoff jobs in these wells as the standard practice requires GP retrieval and re-completion with GP, which is a costly affair and limits the number of jobs that can be taken up for WSO. To address this problem, bullhead WSO operations were carried out in Heavy oil fields, both with rig and rig-less methods. WSO in these fields has given very encouraging results with WC decreasing from ~95% to 70%. In some cases, no free water is observed after the job, indicating the sealing of permeable sand streaks which were contributing to the high water cut in these wells.
Rig-less WSO was carried out in 13 horizontal wells in these fields producing with more than 95% WC and reduction of WC observed in 10 wells with incremental oil gain of ~44 tpd. The average production time after the job was around 3 to 4 months before the wells again started producing liquid with high WC %.
Integrated Subsurface Evaluation of Telisa Sand in Lindai Field, Central Sumatra Basin: A Comprehensive Study on Geological, Petrophysical, and Reservoir Production Aspects
Authors: Thabrani Riksa , Dwiyono Imam Fajri , Soesilo Andy Try , Subhan Muhammad , Tobing James , Sipahutar Herbert , Hendrian Dicki 
Published: October 2024

The Lindai Field is located in the operational area of the Siak Block, Kampar Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia (Fig. 1). The Siak Block oil field spans five regencies: Siak, Rokan Hulu, Rokan Hilir, Kampar, and Bengkalis. Exploitation of the Siak Block began by Chevron Pacific Indonesia in 1963. The Siak Production Sharing Contract (PSC) is divided into three blocks, with the Lindai Field located in Siak Area II (Fig.2), covering an area of 1600 km². Structurally, this field spans an area of 8.7 km². The Lindai Field in the Siak Block is situated in Riau Province, approximately 120 km from Pekanbaru. This is an old field that has been in production since 1974, consisting of five formations, including Telisa, Bekasap, and Bangko.
The Lindai Field is positioned to the west of the Petapahan Field in the Rokan Block. Based on the depth structure map of well SDA-032, it is located in the western flank area of the existing Lindai structure and is proposed as a well targeting the Telisa Sand as its primary objective. Telisa Sand is characterized by a high shale value and low permeability (tight sand), which has historically led to its perception as less productive and appealing. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate various evaluation methods to discover ways to optimize oil production in the Lindai structure, Siak Block. This endeavor aligns with the company's vision and mission to support the Indonesian government's target of increasing oil production to 1 million BOPD by the year 2030. This research delves into a detailed and comprehensive examination, integrating various scientific disciplines to evaluate the potential of tight sand in the Telisa Formation, encompassing geological, petrophysical, and reservoir production aspects. This comprehensive study will involve a detailed analysis of geological, petrophysical, and reservoir production data to evaluate the potential of the tight sands in the Telisa Formation. By integrating these scientific disciplines, the research aims to develop optimized strategies for oil production in the Lindai Field, ultimately contributing to the national goal of boosting oil output.
Automated Trend Identification and Alert System for Wells Monitoring in Mature Asset: Advantages and Challenges
Authors: Bahrim R. Z. Kamarul , Amir M. I. Mahamad , Wei T. Nian , Piah M. F. Mat , Manap A. A. Abdul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Manual monitoring procedures, while necessary, are sometimes inaccurate and inefficient. This study provides a proof of concept for an advanced automated trend identification and alert system intended to improve well monitoring in mature assets by detecting trends and anomalies in real-time and historical data such as production, injection, temperature, pressure, and gas-oil ratio (GOR). Meaningful insights were obtained through statistical analysis and used to inform the system's trend detection capabilities. The created system established its efficiency as an early warning mechanism for oil rim health by using unique data analytics to identify changes in water cut and correlate them with well flow line temperature. Despite issues with data quality and missing inputs, the system seamlessly integrates workflow, data management, analytics, and alarm creation, providing important qualitative insights into contact movement variances. This integration is especially important for enhancing reservoir management practices under constrained data settings, demonstrating the ability of innovative data processing approaches to overcome the limits of standard monitoring methods.
Feasibility Study of Conversion of Old Production Facility in Depleted Gas Field to CCS Facility Through International Joint Research with the Netherlands - Case Study
Authors: Cha Suho , Park Sunghyun , Kim Jonghwan , Park In Sun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The objective of this study is to ascertain the capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expenditure (OPEX) associated with the reuse of existing facilities. To this end, a joint research initiative has been launched with the Netherlands, which is engaged in a comparable Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS) project in the East Sea. The aim is to identify potential cost savings for the CCS project currently being prepared in South Korea. Among the numerous CCS projects currently underway globally, the Netherlands' CCS initiatives and the South Korean East Sea CCS project exhibit notable similarities. Both employ depleted gas fields submerged in the seabed as storage reservoirs and repurpose existing gas production facilities for CCS applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a range of CCS project scenarios, including the potential for new installations, the reuse of existing gas production facilities, the suitability of different storage reservoirs (such as depleted gas fields or saline aquifers), the distance to injection wells, and the most appropriate transportation methods (such as pipelines or ships). In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the cost of recycling existing facilities could be reduced by more than 20% in comparison to the cost of new installations. Furthermore, it was established that pipeline transportation is more economically viable than shipping. Ultimately, a strategy for CCS projects utilizing depleted gas fields was developed through economic evaluation and comparative analysis. Given that all gas fields are ultimately depleted, this paper can provide variables, information, and cost-effective feasibility studies for engineers who intend to undertake follow-up projects involving the storage of carbon dioxide using old production facilities in depleted gas fields.
Operational Strategies and Cost Dynamics of Hydrogen Production: A Case Study in Malaysia
Authors: Shaffee Siti Nur Amira , Kassim Zamzila , Aminuddin Faris Akmal , Nozri M Aiman Irfan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In pursuit of achieving Net Zero Carbon Emissions (NZCE) by 2050, PETRONAS, Malaysia's leading energy company, has set ambitious decarbonization targets. Among the emerging pathways, hydrogen emerges as a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuels. This paper presents a comprehensive study focusing on the economic and environmental aspects of hydrogen production, specifically looking at Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzers for a refueling station in Malaysia.
Using advanced simulation tools like Symmetry iCON v2023.2, this study examines the operational parameters and performance characteristics of PEM electrolyzers. Through detailed analysis, factors affecting operational efficiency, such as cell voltage degradation, operational temperatures, operating pressure, and feed water flow rate, are explored. The findings highlight the importance of maintaining a minimum feed water volume flow rate to optimize operational temperature, while increasing operating pressure emerges as a feasible strategy to reduce both Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX). Furthermore, the study reveals the impact of operational strategies, such as isothermal operation, on Plant Power Consumption and module operating potential, revealing potential efficiency gains of up to 15%. Notably, the analysis also highlights the complex relationship between hydrogen and oxygen crossover within the electrolyzer, emphasizing the need for careful management to mitigate compressor power consumption.
From a cost perspective, the study shows that achieving a Levelized Cost of Hydrogen (LCOH) between $3-7/kg is possible, depending on operational improvements and local energy sources. However, to maximize the environmental advantages of hydrogen production, more work is needed to make sure the energy grid is cleaner compared to conventional steam methane reforming (SMR) processes.
This research provides valuable insights by presenting a method for simulating PEM electrolyzers on a process system level, giving a comprehensive understanding of the economic and technical aspects, as well as emissions implications. Additionally, by concentrating on hydrogen production in Malaysia, it advances our knowledge of hydrogen's potential in meeting affordability and sustainability objectives, in line with PETRONAS's NZCE 2050 target and wider energy transition goals.