bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of replay and theta sequences in mediating hippocampal‐prefrontal interactions for memory and cognition
Authors: Zielinski Mark C. , Tang Wenbo , Jadhav Shantanu P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSequential activity is seen in the hippocampus during multiple network patterns, prominently as replay activity during both awake and sleep sharp‐wave ripples (SWRs), and as theta sequences during active exploration. Although various mnemonic and cognitive functions have been ascribed to these hippocampal sequences, evidence for these proposed functions remains primarily phenomenological. Here, we briefly review current knowledge about replay events and theta sequences in spatial memory tasks. We reason that in order to gain a mechanistic and causal understanding of how these patterns influence memory and cognitive processing, it is important to consider how these sequences influence activity in other regions, and in particular, the prefrontal cortex, which is crucial for memory‐guided behavior. For spatial memory tasks, we posit that hippocampal‐prefrontal interactions mediated by replay and theta sequences play complementary and overlapping roles at different stages in learning, supporting memory encoding and retrieval, deliberative decision making, planning, and guiding future actions. This framework offers testable predictions for future physiology and closed‐loop feedback inactivation experiments for specifically targeting hippocampal sequences as well as coordinated prefrontal activity in different network states, with the potential to reveal their causal roles in memory‐guided behavior.
Light modulates hippocampal function and spatial learning in a diurnal rodent species: A study using male nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus)
Authors: Soler Joel E. , Robison Alfred J. , Núñez Antonio A. , Yan Lily 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe effects of light on cognitive function have been well‐documented in human studies, with brighter illumination improving cognitive performance in school children, healthy adults, and patients in early stages of dementia. However, the underlying neural mechanisms are not well understood. The present study examined how ambient light affects hippocampal function using the diurnal Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus) as the animal model. Grass rats were housed in either a 12:12 h bright light–dark (brLD, 1,000 lux) or dim light‐dark (dimLD, 50 lux) cycle. After 4 weeks, the dimLD group showed impaired spatial memory in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) task. The impairment in their MWM performance were reversed when the dimLD group were transferred to the brLD condition for another 4 weeks. The results suggest that lighting conditions influence cognitive function of grass rats in a way similar to that observed in humans, such that bright light is beneficial over dim light for cognitive performance. In addition to the behavioral changes, grass rats in the dimLD condition exhibited reduced expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus, most notably in the CA1 subregion. There was also a reduction in dendritic spine density in CA1 apical dendrites in dimLD as compared to the brLD group, and the reduction was mostly in the number of mushroom and stubby spines. When dimLD animals were transferred to the brLD condition for 4 weeks, the hippocampal BDNF and dendritic spine density significantly increased. The results illustrate that not only does light intensity affect cognitive performance, but that it also impacts hippocampal structural plasticity. These studies serve as a starting point to further understand how ambient light modulates neuronal and cognitive functions in diurnal species. A mechanistic understanding of the effects of light on cognition can help to identify risk factors for cognitive decline and contribute to the development of more effective prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment in clinical populations.
ABCB1 and CYP2D6 polymorphisms and treatment response of psychotic patients in a naturalistic setting
Authors: Papazisis Georgios , Goulas Antonios , Sarrigiannidis Alexios , Bargiota Stavroula , Antoniadis Diomidis , Raikos Nikolaos , Basgiouraki Emmanouela , Bozikas Vasileios P. , Garyfallos Georgios 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of our study was to examine the association between ABCB1 polymorphisms G2677T/A (rs2032582) and C3435T (rs1045642) and common CYP2D6 variants, with the response to antipsychotic treatment of psychotic patients, in a naturalistic setting, in Greece.MethodsOne hundred patients suffering from schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders were included in the study. Dosages were normalized to chlorpromazine equivalents. Response following 1 month of treatment was assessed as either a continuous variable, using the distribution of the corrected Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale percent change, or as a dichotomous variable defined as the number of patients scoring ≥30% from the corrected baseline Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale score. Genotyping was achieved with established polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism methods.ResultsWith response treated as a continuous variable, the homozygous recessive rs2032582 genotypes (TT) who were simultaneously carriers of a loss‐of‐function CYP2D6 allele (*4 or *5) responded significantly worse than the rest of the patients. Comparison of genotype frequencies revealed a statistically significant association of the above combination. No significant association between chlorpromazine equivalents and the tested genotypes was detected.ConclusionWe have detected a possible interaction between ABCB1 and CYP2D6 in affecting response of psychotic patients to drug treatment, in a naturalistic setting.
Risk factors for HPV persistence and cytology anomalies at follow‐up after treatment for cervical dysplasia
Authors: Rizzuto Ivana , Nalam Mythili , Jiang Jason , Linder Anders , Rufford Barnaby 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate predictor factors of persistent cytologic dysplasia and/or high‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection at 6‐month follow‐up and at 3–5 years during routine cervical smear testing.MethodsThe present retrospective study included data from women treated for cervical dysplasia by large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) at Ipswich Hospital, UK, between January 1 and December 31, 2012. Age, parity, smoking, status of resection margins, and previous LLETZ treatment were evaluated by multivariate analyses.ResultsThere were 192 patients included in the study. There was no association between age (relative risk [RR] 1.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.80–1.23; P>0.99), smoking (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.79–1.59; P=0.516), or parity (RR 1.10, 95% CI 0.88–1.38; P=0.382) and abnormal cytology and/or persistent hrHPV infection at 6 months. There was an association between positive margins (RR 1.64, 95% CI 1.20–2.24; P=0.003), previous LLETZ (RR 3.48, 95% CI 1.69–7.15; P<0.001), and dyskaryosis and/or hrHPV infection at 6 months. Only previous LLETZ treatment remained associated with abnormal cytology and persistent hrHPV infection at 3–5 years (RR 6.37, 95% CI 3.56–11.3; P<0.001).ConclusionClinical factors, including age, smoking, treatment history, and status of surgical margins, could help to determine the risk of dysplasia recurrence and facilitate patient follow‐up based on risk stratification.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals, 4‐nonylphenol, bisphenol A and butyl benzyl phthalate, impair metabolism of estradiol in male and female rats as assessed by levels of 15α‐hydroxyestrogens and catechol estrogens in urine
Authors: Nakagomi Madoka , Suzuki Emako , Saito Yoshiaki , Nagao Tetsuji 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBisphenol A (BPA), 4‐nonylphenol (NP) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), termed endocrine‐disrupting chemicals, are known to mimic estrogen activity. The effects of these chemicals on 17β‐estradiol (E2) metabolism in vivo in rats were examined. Male and female rats were given NP (250 mg kg–1 day–1), BPA (250 μg kg–1 day–1) or BBP (500 mg kg–1 day–1) by gavage for 14 days, followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of E2 (5 mg kg–1) on the final day. The urinary excretion over 72 hours of 2‐hydroxyestrone 1‐N‐acetylcysteine thioether, 2‐hydroxyestrone 4‐N‐acetylcysteine thioether, 4‐hydroxyestrone 2‐N‐acetylcysteine thioether, 2‐hydroxy‐17β‐estradiol (2‐OHE2), 2‐hydroxyestrone (2‐OHE1), 4‐hydroxy‐17β‐estradiol, 4‐hydroxyestrone, 15α‐hydroxyestriol (E4), 15α‐hydroxy‐17β‐estradiol and 15α‐hydroxyestrone was measured. Increases in urinary excretion of 2‐OHE1 and decreases in E4 were observed in males treated with NP or BBP. Decreases in urinary excretion of 2‐OHE2 and E4 were observed in males treated with BPA. Decreases in urinary excretion of 2‐OHE1 and 2‐OHE2 were observed in females treated with BBP. Normalized liver and weights were increased in both sexes treated with NP or BBP. Histologic observations revealed marked changes in the distal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidneys of rats exposed to NP and BBP, and hypertrophy in the hepatocytes of the centrilobular zone of the liver. No BPA‐related effects on organ weight and on liver or kidney histopathology were found. These results suggest that the 14 day oral dosing of NP and BBP disrupted E2 metabolism, resulting from marked morphological and functional alterations in the liver and kidneys. In addition, BPA could induce metabolic and endocrine disruption.
After neoadjuvant chemotherapy platelet/lymphocyte ratios negatively correlate with prognosis in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Gong Weipeng , Zhao Lei , Dong Zhaogang , Dou Yu , Liu Yanguo , Ma Chao , Qu Xun 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionCirculating predictors prognostic factors of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which identify the patients who are potential possibly to benefit from it are limited at present. In this research, we aimed to compare the prognostic significance of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with locally advance gastric carcinoma who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by D2 gastrectomy.Materials and methodsFrom 2007 to 2015, 91 patients with locally advanced gastric cancer treated with NAC followed by D2 gastrectomy included in this retrospective cohort study. The correlation of clinical data, including tumor regression, response evaluation, tumor location, pathological type, systemic therapy, tumor size (cm), neural invasion, lymphatic‐vascular invasion, ypTNM stage, and survival prognosis were analyzed.ResultsPlatelet/lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio in gastric cancer patients were higher than in matched normal volunteers. PLR levels higher after neoadjuvant chemotherapy are associated with worse OS. Multivariate Cox proportional analysis showed that pre‐neoadjuvant chemotherapy PLR was an independent prognostic factor.ConclusionsPre‐neoadjuvant chemotherapy PLR may be a feasible biomarker for survival prognosis in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer. PLR and NLR were reduced after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, PLR level was negatively correlated with survival prognosis.
The association between self‐compassion and treatment outcomes: Session‐level and treatment‐level effects
Authors: Galili‐Weinstock Lior , Chen Roei , Atzil‐Slonim Dana , Bar‐Kalifa Eran , Peri Tuvia , Rafaeli Eshkol 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveSelf‐compassion (SC) has been consistently linked to less psychopathology; however, the link between changes in client's SC levels and psychotherapy outcomes has yet to be explored.MethodClients at a university‐based community clinic completed SC and outcome measures session by session (N = 112) as well as pre‐ to posttreatment (N = 70).ResultsIncreases in clients' SC levels across the entire therapeutic process were associated with improvement in all posttreatment outcomes. Additionally, session‐to‐session increases in SC levels predicted improved symptoms and functioning at the session level; these effects were significant above and beyond the effects of the therapeutic alliance.ConclusionThe results of the current study highlight SC as a possible process variable in psychotherapy.
Discursive context and language as action: A demonstration using critical discourse analysis to examine discussions about human trafficking in Hawai‘i
Authors: Gleason Kristen D. , Baker Charlene K. , Maynard Ashley 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCommunity psychology has long valued understanding the contextual issues that maintain social problems. The present study demonstrates the use of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine the discursive context surrounding the issue of human trafficking. CDA was used to understand the ways that local stakeholders in Hawai‘i (N = 13) described the issue of human trafficking. Human trafficking is well suited for this type of analysis because it is a controversial phenomenon, surrounded by highly politicized rhetoric. Results showed that participants tended to use different combinations of discourses related to labor, immigration, sex, gender, children, and consent to discuss human trafficking. Discourses on consent were found to be key areas of contention in most constructions of human trafficking, with many participants painting trafficked persons as having limited ability to consent to their situation. Groups that are complicit in benefiting from trafficking offenses were rarely named. The implications of obscuring the complicity of those in power while casting vulnerable groups as one‐dimensional victims are discussed.
Influence of social participation on life satisfaction and depression among Chinese elderly: Social support as a mediator
Authors: Li Chunkai , Jiang Shan , Li Na , Zhang Qiunv 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study explored the influences of social participation and the mediating effects of social support on the mental health of Chinese elderly based on data from the 2012 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS). The participants comprised 696 older adults in CLASS, including 340 (48.9%) male and 354 (50.9%) female. The mean age of the sample was 68 (standard deviation = 7.08). The results of structural equation modeling showed that social participation was significantly associated with the life satisfaction and depression of the elderly. A high level of social participation was associated with more social support and consequently predicted few depressive symptoms among older adults. However, social support was not significantly associated with life satisfaction of the elderly. Our findings provided cross‐cultural evidence for theories, and had significant implications for social work practice and social policy.
Direct observation of 4‐nitrophenyl disulfide produced from p‐nitrothiophenol in air by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Ling Yun , Xie Wen‐Chang , Wang Wei‐Li , Li Meng‐Kai , Tang Jing , Liu Guo‐Kun , Yan Run‐Wen , Wu De‐Yin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTaking the fingerprint characteristics of Raman spectroscopy, the dimerization of p‐nitrothiophenol (PNTP) to 4‐nitrophenyl disulfide in air was investigated, which could be accelerated by the external laser illumination. The dimerization was qualitatively confirmed by both mass spectroscopy experimentally and by Raman spectrum simulated calculations theoretically and quantitatively analyzed by Raman spectroscopy in a simple and quick manner. On the basis of the inductively coupled plasma optical mass spectrometry analysis, the dimerization was possibly ignited by the trace metal residues as catalyst in the PNTP. This study clearly shows that it is very important to strictly and preciously control the experimental conditions of Raman measurement and other laser‐based spectroscopies to avoid any wrong conclusion during the characterization or identification. Different to the plasmon‐induced photochemical reactions, we reported the photochemical reaction of PNTP to 4‐nitrophenyl disulfide, which is free of the plasmoic effect from the metal nanostrucutres. On the other hand, the photochemical dimerization reaction may provide a new and important guideline for the formation of thiols to disulfides.
Stability evaluation of quality parameters for palm oil products at low temperature storage
Authors: Ramli Nur Aainaa Syahirah , Mohd Noor Mohd Azmil , Musa Hajar , Ghazali Razmah 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDPalm oil is one of the major oils and fats produced and traded worldwide. The value of palm oil products is mainly influenced by their quality. According to ISO 17025:2005, accredited laboratories require a quality control procedure with respect to monitoring the validity of tests for determination of quality parameters. This includes the regular use of internal quality control using secondary reference materials. Unfortunately, palm oil reference materials are not currently available. To establish internal quality control samples, the stability of quality parameters needs to be evaluated.RESULTSIn the present study, the stability of quality parameters for palm oil products was examined over 10 months at low temperature storage (6 ± 2 °C). The palm oil products tested included crude palm oil (CPO); refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) palm oil (RBDPO); RBD palm olein (RBDPOo); and RBD palm stearin (RBDPS). The quality parameters of the oils [i.e. moisture content, free fatty acid content (FFA), iodine value (IV), fatty acids composition (FAC) and slip melting point (SMP)] were determined prior to and throughout the storage period. The moisture, FFA, IV, FAC and SMP for palm oil products changed significantly (P < 0.05), whereas the moisture content for CPO, IV for RBDPO and RBDPOo, stearic acid composition for CPO and linolenic acid composition for CPO, RBDPO, RBDPOo and RBDPS did not (P > 0.05). The stability study indicated that the quality of the palm oil products was stable within the specified limits throughout the storage period at low temperature.CONCLUSIONThe storage conditions preserved the quality of palm oil products throughout the storage period. These findings qualify the use of the palm oil products CPO, RBDPO, RBDPOo and RBDPS as control samples in the validation of test results. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of sensory and chemical evaluation of lager beer aroma by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: Ocvirk Miha , Mlinarič Nataša Kočar , Košir Iztok J 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough the evaluation of beer is conducted by sensory experts, we cannot neglect the influence of human factors and subjectivity. This problem could be solved by the chemical analysis of the volatile part of beer aroma and, from this, we can build a database for the construction of a model that classifies samples in a comparable manner to sensory assessment.RESULTSTwenty‐two batches of the same beer brand were assessed by sensory evaluation and described chemically in terms of the contents of alcohols and esters (n = 9), hop essential oil compounds (n = 15) using gas chromatography (GC) and other aroma volatiles (n = 33) as analysed by head space solid‐phase microextraction (SPME)‐GC/mass spectrometry. The best match of 91% with respect to sample classification on the basis of chemical analyses to sensory scores was achieved with a dataset of results from headspace‐SPME and analyses of higher alcohols and esters by regularized discriminant analysis.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study show that deviations in beer aroma are not a consequence of a permanent repeatable error in brewing process, nor are they influenced by raw materials, but, instead, they are a consequence of alcoholic fermentation. Sensory analysis could be replaced with chemical/statistical analysis on an appropriate data set and for a distinct beer brand. The good results achieved confirm our approach; however, for different beer brands or types, this method should be optimised. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Laminaria digitata phlorotannins decrease protein degradation and methanogenesis during in vitro ruminal fermentation
Authors: Vissers Anne M , Pellikaan Wilbert F , Bouwhuis Anouk , Vincken Jean‐Paul , Gruppen Harry , Hendriks Wouter H 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhlorotannins (PhTs) are marine tannins consisting of phloroglucinol subunits connected via carbon–carbon and ether linkages. These have non‐covalent protein binding properties and are, therefore, expected to be beneficial in protecting protein from hydrolysis during ruminal fermentation. In this study, the effectiveness of a methanolic PhTs extract from Laminaria digitata (10, 20, 40, 50, 75 and 100 g kg−1 tannin‐free grass silage, with or without addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG), was investigated in vitro on protection of dietary protein and reduction of methane (CH4) in ruminal fluid.RESULTSAddition of PhTs had linear (P < 0.0001) and quadratic (P = 0.0003) effects on gas and CH4 production, respectively. Optimal dosage of PhTs was 40 g kg−1 as at this point CH4 decreased (P < 0.0001) from 24.5 to 15.2 mL g−1 organic matter (OM), without affecting gas production (P = 0.3115) and total volatile fatty acids (P = 1.000). Ammonia trended (P = 0.0903) to decrease from 0.49 to 0.39 mmol g−1 OM, indicating protection of protein. Addition of PEG inhibited the effect of tannins at all dosage levels, and none of the fermentation parameters differed from the control.CONCLUSIONPhTs effectively protected protein from fermentation and reduced ruminal methanogenesis. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Stable isotope analysis of micronekton around Hawaii reveals suspended particles are an important nutritional source in the lower mesopelagic and upper bathypelagic zones
Authors: Gloeckler Kristen , Choy C. Anela , Hannides Cecelia C. S. , Close Hilary G. , Goetze Erica , Popp Brian N. , Drazen Jeffrey C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSeveral studies have found that the respiratory demand for carbon by the mesopelagic community exceeds carbon supply through the particulate sinking flux by up to two to three orders of magnitude, suggesting that mesopelagic communities rely on additional overlooked carbon sources. Suspended particles (defined as 0.7–53 μm) have been suggested as one of these sources but few studies have evaluated their contribution to the mesopelagic food web. We use amino acid compound‐specific nitrogen isotope analysis to investigate whether suspended particles are an important nutritional source to fish, cephalopod, and crustacean micronekton species in the central North Pacific. Our results suggest that micronekton feed from food webs fueled by a variety of nutritional sources including surface dwelling phytoplankton and bacteria, sinking particles, and suspended particles, with micronekton becoming more reliant on suspended particles with increasing habitat depth. Several species were identified as feeding from a primarily suspended particle‐based food web including the fishes Cyema atrum, Cyclothone pallida, Melanocetus johnsonii, Serrivomer sector, and the pelagic octopod Japetella diaphana. We also found that micronekton species feeding from a suspended particle food web cannot be identified using bulk tissue δ15N values. Our data support the notion that suspended particles are an important nutritional source in the lower mesopelagic and upper bathypelagic and they should be accounted for when estimating carbon supply for these communities.