bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF A CHIRAL O‐BOUND SULFOXIDE FROM AN S‐BOUND SULFENATE ION
Authors: GAINSFORD G. J. , JACKSON W. G. , SARGESON A. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Methylierung des chelatgebundenen Sulfenat‐Ions in dem Komplex (I) erfolgt am Schwefel unter vollständiger Retention der Chiralität am S‐Center.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF PENTAFLUORO((TRIFLUOROMETHYL)ACETYLENYL)SULFUR WITH NICKEL TETRACARBONYL
Authors: BERRY A. D. , DE MARCO R. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Titelreaktion liefert bei periodischer Entfernung von CO bei ‐196°C das flüssige Produkt (I), das IR‐ und 19F‐NMR‐spektroskopisch charakterisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: (PH4P)2(CUCN(MOS4)) AND (ME4N)2(CUCN)2MOS4: THIOMOLYBDATE LIGANDS ON COPPER ATOMS OF A COPPER CYANIDE (CUCN) MOLECULE AND A ZIGZAG CUCN CHAIN
Authors: MUELLER A. + , DARTMANN M. , ROEMER C. + , CLEGG W. , SHELDRICK G. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch direkte Koordination des Tetrathiomolybdat‐Anions an neutrale Cu‐Verbindungen wie das CuCN‐ Molekül oder eine unendliche CuCN‐Kette werden der Zweikernkomplex (I) bzw. der catena‐Komplex (II) erhalten (Ausb.‐Angaben in g).
ChemInform Abstract: ENANTIOSITE SELECTION IN THE DISPLACEMENT REACTION OF PPH3 BY CHIRAL DIPHOSPHINES IN (η5‐C5H5)RUCL(PPH3)2
Authors: CONSIGLIO G. , MORANDINI F. , BANGERTER F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMittels 1H‐ und 31P‐NMR‐Spektroskopie wird die Austauschreaktion von Triphenylphosphin aus (I) durch (+)‐(R)‐(IIa), (‐)‐(R)‐(IIb) und (‐)‐(S)‐(IIc) in Dg‐Toluol untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: SELECTIVITY IN REACTIONS OF ALKYL‐ARYL‐TRANSITION‐METAL COMPLEXES WITH ELECTROPHILES
Authors: JAWAD J. K. , PUDDEPHATT R. J. , STALTERI M. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Einsatz von Nitratoplatinkomplexen anstelle von Chloroderivaten erleichtert die Einführung von Methylsubstituenten zur Erlangung reiner Produkte.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF THE ENANTIOMER OF THE NOVEL MARINE DITERPENE ISOAGATHOLACTONE, ENT‐13(16),14‐SPONGIADIEN‐12α‐OL, AND THE PARENT HYDROCARBON ISOCOPALANE FROM METHYL ISOCOPALATE
Authors: DE MIRANDA D. S. , BRENDOLAN G. , IMAMURA P. M. , SIERRA M. G. , MARSAIOLI A. J. , RUVEDA E. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn einer ausführlichen experimentellen Arbeit werden die stereospezifischen Synthesen von ent‐Isoagatholacton (II), ent‐13(16),14‐ Spongiadien‐12a‐ol (III) und Isocopalan (IV) aus Methyl‐isocopalat (I) beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS WITH 1‐AMINOCYCLOPROPANE‐1‐CARBOXYLIC ACID
Authors: STEWART F. H. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractVon der Titelverbindung (Ia) werden Derivate (Ib), (Ic) bzw. (Ie) [über (Id)] dargestellt, die in verschje‐ denen Modell‐Aktivester‐Reaktionen zu den Peptiden (IIIa) bzw. (?lb) [Weiterüberführung von (IIIa)‐(IVa)‐(IVb)‐(IVc)], (VI) [Weiterüberführung über die angegebenen Stufen in das Enkephalin‐Analoge (XI)] bzw. (XIIa) [Weiterüberführung in (XIIb)] umgesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF Ω‐AMINO ACID PEPTIDES RELATED TO LEUCINE‐ENKEPHALIN
Authors: STEWART F. H. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Synthese der Titelpeptide (II), in denen der Gly‐Gly‐Baustein von [Leu]‐Enkephalin (III) durch eine (,o‐Aminosäure ersetzt ist, geht von den Vorstufen (IVa) bzw. (VII) bzw. (IX) bzw. (X) aus und führt zunächst zu den geschützten Derivaten (Ia), (Id), (Ib) bzw. (Ic), deren Hydrierung dann (II) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF AN ACTINOMYCIN‐RELATED PEPTIDE, CYCLO‐(THR‐D‐VAL‐PRO‐SAR‐MEALA), AND CONFORMATIONAL STUDIES BY NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE AND X‐RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
Authors: MAUGER A. B. , STUART O. A. , HIGHET R. J. , SILVERTON J. V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractKondensation (Mischanhydrid‐Methode)‐der Komponenten (I) und (II) (schrittweise nach üblichen Methoden aufgebaut) liefert das lineare Pentapeptidderivat (IIIa), das über die Stufen (IIb) und (IIc) in das Benzylderivat (IVa) der Titelverbindung (IVb) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW PROTECTIVE GROUPS FOR PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS. 4. CHROMONE‐DERIVED PROTECTION FOR AMINE AND CARBOXYL FUNCTIONS
Authors: KEMP D. S. , HANSON G. 
Published: April 2016

Abstractp‐Kresol (I) liefert in bekannter Weise das Z‐Trifluormethyl‐ö‐methyl‐chromon (II), das zu (V) bromiert und dann mit den Salzen (VI) zu den 2‐Trifluormethyl‐6‐chromonylmethylen‐estern (Tcrom‐Estern) (VII) verestert werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: BIOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT CARBOHYDRATES. 30. ANTIBIOTIC MODELS. 4. IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF N‐TOSYLDAUNOSAMINE
Authors: DYONG I. , FRIEGE H. , ZU HOENE T. + 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEine neue large‐scale‐Synthese des N‐Tosyldaunosamins (VIb) gestattet es, diese Depotverbindung des Antibiotica‐Zuckers Daunosamin aus billigen Nicht‐Kohlenhydrat‐Vorstufen [→(I); bekannte Überführung] im 10 g Maßstab herzustellen.
ChemInform Abstract: USEFUL SYNTHESES OF ERYTHRO‐ AND THREO‐N‐OLEOYL‐D‐SPHINGOSINES (CERAMIDES) AND GALACTOSYLCERAMIDES (CEREBROSIDES) FROM L‐SERINE
Authors: TKACZUK P. , THORNTON E. R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus L‐Serin (I) erhält man nach bekannten Verfahren den Oxazolinaldehyd (II), aus dem die Folgeprodukte (III) und (IV) hergestellt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DEOXY SUGARS. DEOXYGENATION BY TREATMENT WITH N,N′‐THIOCARBONYLDIIMIDAZOLE/TRI‐N‐BUTYLSTANNANE
Authors: RASMUSSEN J. R. , SLINGER C. J. , KORDISH R. J. , NEWMAN‐EVANS D. D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFreie Hydroxylgruppen in ansonsten teilweise geschützten Zuckern (I) werden mit Thiocarbonyldiimidazol (II) in die Thiono‐ester (III) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PEPTIDE ALKALOIDS. PART 4. TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF ZIZYPHINES A AND B
Authors: SCHMIDT U. , LIEBERKNECHT A. , BOEKENS H. + , GRIESSER H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Darstellung der Peptidalkaloide Zizyphin A (XIa) und N‐Acetylzizyphin B (XIb) aus Zizyphus oenoplia wird beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATIONS OF THE CIS‐ AND TRANS‐13‐METHYLTETRAHYDROPROTOBERBERINES. TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (+)‐THALICTRICAVINE, (+)‐CANADINE, (.+‐.)‐, (‐)‐, AND (+)‐THALICTRIFOLINE, AND (.+‐.)‐, (‐)‐, AND (+)‐CAVIDINE
Authors: IWASA K. , GUPTA Y. P. , CUSHMAN M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTotalsynthesen für verschiedene Protoberberine wie (III) oder (VI) werden beschrieben, die im wesentlichen auf einer Kondensation zwischen Dihydroisochinolinen wie (I) bzw. (IV) und Homophthalsäureanhydriden wie (II) bzw. (V) zu den Säuren (IIIa) bzw. (VIa) und nachfolgender Modifizierung der funktionellen Gruppen beruhen.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE SYNTHESES OF HETEROCYCLIC AND NATURAL COMPOUNDS. PART 949. A TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐CORYNANTHEIDOL
Authors: KAMETANI T. , KANAYA N. , HONDA T. , IHARA M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Hydrolyse des bekannten Ketoesters (I) und anschließende Decarboxylierung erhält man ein Gemisch der Stereoisomeren (II) und (III), von denen ersteres über das Hydrierungsprodukt (III) in (i)‐Corynantheidol (V) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF SOME STABLE MULTISUBSTRATE ADDUCTS AS INHIBITORS OF CATECHOL O‐METHYLTRANSFERASE
Authors: ANDERSON G. L. , BUSSOLOTTI D. L. , COWARD J. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Methoxyphenethylalkohol (I) wird zur Verbindung (II) acetyliert, die über das Bromacetophenon (III) das Amin (IV) ergibt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF SOME STABLE MULTISUBSTRATE ADDUCTS AS SPECIFIC INHIBITORS OF SPERMIDINE SYNTHASE
Authors: TANG K.‐C. , MARIUZZA R. , COWARD J. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Isopropylidenadenosin (Ia) erhält man mit Thionylchlorid das Chlorid (Ib), dessen Formylierung zum Amid (II) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE REACTION OF ETHYLENE OXIDE WITH CAMP
Authors: BERES J. , MORAVCSIK E. , RADICS L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung des Triethylammoniumsalzes von CAMP (I) mit Ethylenoxid (II) ergibt die Ammoniumverbindung (III) und nicht ,den Phosphorsäureester (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: WAVELENGTH‐CONTROLLED PRODUCTION OF PREVITAMIN D3
Authors: DAUBEN W. G. , PHILLIPS R. B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBei 2‐stufiger Bestrahlung einer Lösung des Provitamins D (I) läßt sich das prim. aus der UV‐Bestrahlung erhaltene Gleichgewichtsgemisch, das Tachysterin3 (II) als Hauptprodukt enthält, bei weiterer direkter Lichteinwirkung in die Titelverbindung (III) umwandeln.
ChemInform Abstract: HIGHLY CONVERGENT AND EFFICIENT TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF PROSTAGLANDINS (.+‐.)‐PGA AND (.+‐.)‐PGB
Authors: MARINO J. P. , KELLY M. G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Vinyliodid (Ia) erhält man über das Li‐Derivat (Ib) das Cyanocuprat (Ic), das mit dem Cyclopentadienmonoepoxid (II) zu einem Gemisch der isomeren Cyclopentenole (III) und (IV) umgesetzt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(METHANESULFONYL)‐16‐PHENOXYPROSTAGLANDIN CARBOXAMIDES: TISSUE‐SELECTIVE, UTERINE STIMULANTS
Authors: SCHAAF T. K. , BINDRA J. S. , EGGLER J. F. , PLATTNER J. J. , NELSON A. J. , JOHNSON M. R. , CONSTANTINE J. W. , HESS H.‐J. , ELGER W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Phosphonat (II) reagiert mit dem optisch aktiven Aldehyd (I) zum Enon (III), dessen Reduktion zu einem Gemisch von C‐1 S‐Epimeren führt.
ChemInform Abstract: IMPROVED YIELD PREPARATION OF 3‐OXO‐2,6,6‐TRIMETHYLCYCLOHEX‐1‐ENE‐1‐CARBOXYLIC ACID, AN IMPORTANT INTERMEDIATE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐STRIGOL
Authors: PEPPERMAN A. B. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract(i)‐Strigol (I) wirkt stimulierend auf die Keimung bestimmter Pflanzen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF DL‐MALYNGOLIDE, A MARINE ANTIBIOTIC Δ‐LACTONE, FROM 3‐METHYLCYCLOPENTANE‐1,2‐DIONE
Authors: TORII S. , INOKUCHI T. , YORITAKA K. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract3‐Methyl‐l,Z‐cyclopentandion liefert mit Nonylmagnesiumbromid das Addukt (I), das elektrochemisch zu (IIa) oxidiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: A CHEMICAL AND THERMOCHEMICAL STUDY OF NONOBSERVED, SYMMETRY‐ALLOWED REACTIONS
Authors: RANGANATHAN S. , RANGANATHAN D. , RAMACHANDRAN P. V. , MAHANTY M. K. , BAMEZAI S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReview: Im Zusammenhang mit den im Titel genannten Untersuchungen werden einige von den Autoren durchgeführte Reaktionen experimentell beschrieben.
Protein synthetic machinery and mRNA in regenerating tips of spinal cord axons in lamprey
Authors: Jin Li‐Qing , Pennise Cynthia R. , Rodemer William , Jahn Kristen S. , Selzer Michael E. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTPolyribosomes, mRNA, and other elements of translational machinery have been reported in peripheral nerves and in elongating injured axons of sensory neurons in vitro, primarily in growth cones. Evidence for involvement of local protein synthesis in regenerating central nervous system (CNS) axons is less extensive. We monitored regeneration of back‐labeled lamprey spinal axons after spinal cord transection and detected mRNA in axon tips by in situ hybridization and microaspiration of their axoplasm. Poly(A)+mRNA was present in the axon tips, and was more abundant in actively regenerating tips than in static or retracting ones. Target‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in situ hybridization revealed plentiful mRNA for the low molecular neurofilament subunit and β‐tubulin, but very little for β‐actin, consistent with the morphology of their tips, which lack filopodia and lamellipodia. Electron microscopy showed ribosomes/polyribosomes in the distal parts of axon tips and in association with vesicle‐like membranes, primarily in the tip. In one instance, there were structures with the appearance of rough endoplasmic reticulum. Immunohistochemistry showed patches of ribosomal protein S6 positivity in a similar distribution. The results suggest that local protein synthesis might be involved in the mechanism of axon regeneration in the lamprey spinal cord. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3614–3640, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative Interpretation of the Low‐Bias Conductance of Au–Mesitylene–Au Molecular Junctions Formed from Mesitylene Monolayers
Authors: Wang Hao , Jiang Zhuoling , Wang Yongfeng , Sanvito Stefano , Hou Shimin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe atomic structure and electronic transport properties of Au–mesitylene–Au molecular junctions formed from a mesitylene monolayer without any anchoring groups are investigated by employing the non‐equilibrium Green′s function formalism combined with density functional theory. The intermolecular and adsorbate–substrate interactions are described by the non‐local optB88 van der Waals functional. Two types of Au–mesitylene–Au molecular junctions are constructed, in which either an isolated mesitylene molecule or a mesitylene molecule embedded into a monolayer lying flat on one electrode surface is in contact with an atomic protrusion of the other electrode surface. The calculated low‐bias conductance values of these two junctions are both in quantitative agreement with the reported experimental values [S. Afsari, Z. Li, and E. Borguet, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2014, 53, 9771; Angew. Chem. 2014, 126, 9929]. This indicates that the measured conductance is intrinsic at the single‐molecule Au–mesitylene–Au junction and that the intermolecular interactions in the mesitylene monolayer have little effect.
A Threefold Interpenetrated Pillared‐Layer Metal–Organic Framework for Selective Separation of C2H2/CH4 and CO2/CH4
Authors: Alduhaish Osamah , Wang Hailong , Li Bin , Arman Hadi D. , Nesterov Vladimir , Alfooty Khalid , Chen Banglin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA new threefold interpenetrated pillared‐layer microporous metal–organic framework, [Zn2(cca)2(4‐bpdb)]n⋅(DMF)2n (UTSA‐85) (H2cca=4‐carboxycinnamic acid, 4‐bpdb=1,4‐bis(4‐pyridyl)‐2,3‐diaza‐1,3‐butadiene, and DMF=N,N‐dimethylformamide), has been designed and generated by the solvothermal reaction of mixed ligands (H2cca and 4‐bpdb) and Zn(NO3)2⋅6 H2O. Single‐crystal XRD analysis disclosed that discrete paddle‐wheel Zn2(COO)4 clusters as secondary building units linked the cca ligands to give two‐dimensional layers, which were further pillared by 4‐bpdb ligands to form a threefold interpenetrated pillared‐layer structure. The desolvated framework, UTSA‐85 a, was revealed to exhibit permanent porosity with a BET surface area of 558 m2 g−1 and a high selectivity of 64 for C2H2/CH4 separation at 296 K owing to the microporous (≈5.0 Å) structure and functional azine groups that decorated the pore channels.
Carbon Cathodes in Rechargeable Lithium–Oxygen Batteries Based on Double‐Lithium‐Salt Electrolytes
Authors: Yoo Eunjoo , Zhou Haoshen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe use of carbon materials as air electrodes in lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) batteries is known to be advantageous owing to their good conductivity and because they offer sites suitable for the reversible electrode reactions. However, the exact influence of carbon materials on the electrochemical performance of Li–O2 batteries is not clear. In this study the electrochemical performance of four different types of carbon materials (multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), CMK‐3, graphene nanosheets (GNSs), and Ketjen Black (KB)) as air electrodes is examined. We find that a Li–O2 cell based on an electrode of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) demonstrates good rate performance and cycle stability, when using LiNO3–LiTFSI/DMSO as electrolyte. Li–O2 cells based on such MWCNT electrodes, with a cut‐off capacity of 1000 mAh g−1 at 500 mA g−1, can undergo around 90 cycles without obvious losses of capacity. Even when the discharge depth is increased to 2000 mA h g−1, stable cycling is maintained for 45 cycles at a charge potential below 4.0 V.
A novel electrode‐area‐weighted method of implementing wavelet transform processor with surface acoustic wave device
Authors: Lu Wenke , Gao Lili , Zhang Jingduan 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe objective of this research was to investigate the possibility of a novel electrode‐area‐weighted (EAW) method of implementing wavelet transform processor (WTP) with surface acoustic wave (SAW) device. The motivation for this work was prompted by a diffraction problem of the WTP using SAW device. In this paper, we propose a novel EAW method in order to solve the diffraction problem. When the electrode areas of the EAW wavelet interdigital transducer (IDT) (i.e. the input IDT) are designed according to the envelope areas of the wavelet function, the impulse‐response function of the EAW wavelet IDT is equal to the wavelet function, so that the novel EAW WTP using SAW device can be fabricated. In this study, we also present the diffraction problem, the substrate material, and the electrode number of the output IDT as three key problems, and the solutions to the three key problems are implemented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cu0‐Promoted Cyclisation of Unsaturated α‐Halogeno Amides To Give β‐ and γ‐Lactams
Authors: Clark Andrew J. , Duckmanton Jonathan N. , Felluga Fulvia , Gennaro Armando , Ghelfi Franco , Hardiman Jack R. D. , Isse Abdirisak A. , Manferdini Claudia , Spinelli Domenico 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEfficient 5‐exo‐trig atom‐transfer radical cyclisation of 13 unsaturated α‐halogeno amides mediated by Cu0 (copper wire) with tripyridylmethanimine ligand (TPMA; 1 mol‐%) in a mixed solvent of EtOAc/EtOH (3:1) is reported (89–98 %), with recycling of the copper wire. A substantial improvement in conversion and selectivity was obtained when Na2CO3 (5 mol‐%) was added to the reaction mixture. The Cu0 acts as a supplementary activator and reducing agent in a SARA‐ATRC process. The protocol was extended to the cyclisation onto alkynes and the formation of β‐lactams, although these reactions gave lower yields (35–76 %).
Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles by Oxidative Cyclization of 2‐(Arylazo)ethene‐1,1‐diamines: A One‐Pot Approach
Authors: Gavlik Kseniya D. , Lesogorova Svetlana G. , Sukhorukova Ekaterina S. , Subbotina Julia O. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Benassi Enrico , Belskaya Nataliya P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA one‐pot approach for the synthesis of 2‐aryl‐5‐amino‐1,2,3‐triazoles is reported. This approach involves a tandem nucleophilic addition of alkylamines to hydrazonoyl cyanides and in situ oxidative cyclization of the resulting 2‐(arylazo)ethene‐1,1‐diamines in the presence of copper(II) acetate and air. The described one‐pot procedure is characterized by good yields, excellent selectivity, methodical simplicity, and uses readily available chemicals. This method was applied to the gram‐scale synthesis of 2‐aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
A General and Mild Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction of Cyanamides, Amines, and Diaryl­iodonium Triflates
Authors: Li Jihui , Wang Hongxing , Hou Yifeng , Yu Weiguang , Xu Shuying , Zhang Yucang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA highly efficient copper‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of cyanamides, amines, and diaryliodonium triflates was developed for the synthesis of guanidines. The mild reaction accommodates both aromatic and aliphatic amines and provides the products in good yields with good functional group tolerance. Moreover, it was demonstrated that C–H activation of the arenes could be realized for the direct preparation of guanidines.
‘SWEATCH’: A Wearable Platform for Harvesting and Analysing Sweat Sodium Content
Authors: Glennon Tom , O'Quigley Conor , McCaul Margaret , Matzeu Giusy , Beirne Stephen , Wallace Gordon G. , Stroiescu Florin , O'Mahoney Niamh , White Paddy , Diamond Dermot 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA platform for harvesting and analysing the sodium content of sweat in real time is presented. One is a ‘watch’ format in which the sampling and fluidic system, electrodes, circuitry and battery are arranged vertically, while in the other ‘pod’ format, the electronics and battery components, and the fluidics electrodes are arranged horizontally. The platforms are designed to be securely attached to the skin using a velcro strap. Sweat enters into the device through a sampling orifice and passes over solid‐state sodium‐selective and reference electrodes and into a storage area containing a high capacity adsorbent material. The liquid movement is entirely driven by capillary action, and the flow rate through the device can be mediated through variation of the width of a fluidic channel linking the electrodes to the sample storage area. Changing the width dimension through 750, 500 and 250 µm produces flow rates of 38.20, 21.48 and 6.61 µL/min, respectively. Variation of the sweat uptake rate and the storage volume capacity enables the duration of usage to be varied according to the needs of the user. The devices can be easily disassembled to replace the electrodes and the high capacity adsorbant material. The storage sweat is available for subsequent measurement of the total volume of sweat harvested and the average concentration of sodium over the period of use. Signals generated by the electrodes are passed to a custom designed electronics board with high input impedance to accurately capture the voltage. The real‐time data is transmitted wirelessly using incorporated Bluetooth circuitry to a remote basestation (laptop, mobile phone, tablet) for data visualization and storage in standard formats. Results obtained during trials over a period of ca. 30 minutes controlled exercise are consistent with previously published data, showing a gradual relatively slow increase of the sodium concentration in the sweat during this period.
Modified three‐dimensional seismic assessment method for buildings based on ambient vibration tests: extrapolation to higher shaking levels and measuring the dynamic amplification portion of natural torsion
Authors: Mirshafiei Farshad , McClure Ghyslaine 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis paper presents applications of the modified 3D‐SAM approach, a three‐dimensional seismic assessment methodology for buildings directly based on in situ experimental modal tests to calculate global seismic demands and the dynamic amplification portion of natural torsion. Considering that the building modal properties change from weak to strong motion levels, appropriate modification factors are proposed to extend the application of the method to stronger earthquakes. The proposed approach is consistent with the performance‐based seismic assessment approach, which entails the prediction of seismic displacements and drift ratios that are related to the damage condition and therefore the functionality of the building. The modified 3D‐SAM is especially practical for structures that are expected to experience slight to moderate damage levels and in particular for post‐disaster buildings that are expected to remain functional after an earthquake. In the last section of this paper, 16 low to mid‐rise irregular buildings located in Montreal, Canada, and that have been tested under ambient vibrations are analyzed with the method, and the dynamic amplification portion of natural torsion of the dataset is reported and discussed. The proposed methodology is appropriate for large‐scale assessments of existing buildings and is applicable to any seismic region of the world. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.