bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Printing of Tough Hydrogel Scaffolds with Functional Surface Structures for Tissue Regeneration
Authors: Yao Ke , Hong Gaoying , Yuan Ximin , Kong Weicheng , Xia Pengcheng , Li Yuanrong , Chen Yuewei , Liu Nian , He Jing , Shi Jue , Hu Zihe , Zhou Yanyan , Xie Zhijian , He Yong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydrogel scaffolds have numerous potential applications in the tissue engineering field. However, tough hydrogel scaffolds implanted in vivo are seldom reported because it is difficult to balance biocompatibility and high mechanical properties. Inspired by Chinese ramen, we propose a universal fabricating method (printing-P, training-T, cross-linking-C, PTC & PCT) for tough hydrogel scaffolds to fill this gap. First, 3D printing fabricates a hydrogel scaffold with desired structures (P). Then, the scaffold could have extraordinarily high mechanical properties and functional surface structure by cycle mechanical training with salting-out assistance (T). Finally, the training results are fixed by photo-cross-linking processing (C). The tough gelatin hydrogel scaffolds exhibit excellent tensile strength of 6.66 MPa (622-fold untreated) and have excellent biocompatibility. Furthermore, this scaffold possesses functional surface structures from nanometer to micron to millimeter, which can efficiently induce directional cell growth. Interestingly, this strategy can produce bionic human tissue with mechanical properties of 10 kPa-10 MPa by changing the type of salt, and many hydrogels, such as gelatin and silk, could be improved with PTC or PCT strategies. Animal experiments show that this scaffold can effectively promote the new generation of muscle fibers, blood vessels, and nerves within 4 weeks, prompting the rapid regeneration of large-volume muscle loss injuries.
Eager beavers v. lazy slugs: selection effects in experiments with social preferences
Authors: Eckel Catherine , Wilson Rick K. , Youn Sora 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe ask whether social preferences measured in subjects who come to the laboratory when invited are systematically different from those of subjects who only respond when an online option is available. Subjects participated in two types of third-party (other–other) dictator games and a trust game, either in the lab or on-line. In the third party dictator games, the dictator divides $20 between two other individuals, one of whom is a member of their in-group. (We also varied types of in-group between a real group and an artificial group.) In the trust game, the first-mover decides how much of the endowment to send to the second-mover. The second-mover receives the amount sent tripled by the experimenter and decides how much to send back to the trustee. Across all the games, we find no statistically significant differences in social preferences measured in-lab and on-line.
A Scan Strategy Based Compensation of Cumulative Heating Effects in Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Breuning Christoph , Markl Matthias , Körner Carolin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe fabrication of complex geometries with uniform material properties in electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB) remains a major challenge. Local material properties in PBF-EB are determined by the local thermal conditions and the spatio-temporal melt pool evolution. The local thermal conditions are governed by the cumulative heating effect on the hatch scale, which results from the superposition of temperature fields from adjacent hatch lines. The build-up of the cumulative heating effect at the beginning of a new hatch segment, without prior hatch lines, which results in regions with underdeveloped thermal conditions, is so far only rarely considered in the design of process strategies. This study introduces a numerical optimization scheme with the objective to minimize the extent of regions with underdeveloped thermal conditions at the beginning of line-based hatches, by means of scan strategy modifications. For this purpose, a simplified thermal solution is combined with an optimization approach to determine an optimal process strategy for line-based PBF-EB of a cuboid model geometry through the adaptation of individual hatch line spacing. Based on the approach determined for the model geometry, a generalized process strategy is derived for complex geometries and is numerically validated for different process parameter and geometry combinations.
Perspective: imaging atomic step geometry to determine surface terminations of kagome materials and beyond
Authors: Liu Guowei , Yang Tianyu , Jiang Yu-Xiao , Hossain Shafayat , Deng Hanbin , Hasan M. Zahid , Yin Jia-Xin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHere we review scanning tunneling microscopy research on the surface determination for various types of kagome materials, including 11-type (CoSn, FeSn, FeGe), 32-type (Fe3Sn2), 13-type (Mn3Sn), 135-type (AV3Sb5, A = K, Rb, Cs), 166-type (TbMn6Sn6, YMn6Sn6 and ScV6Sn6), and 322-type (Co3Sn2S2 and Ni3In2Se2). We first demonstrate that the measured step height between different surfaces typically deviates from the expected value of ±0.4 ∼0.8Å, which is owing to the tunneling convolution effect with electronic states and becomes a serious issue for Co3Sn2S2 where the expected Sn-S interlayer distance is 0.6Å. Hence, we put forward a general methodology for surface determination as atomic step geometry imaging, which is fundamental but also experimentally challenging to locate the step and to image with atomic precision. We discuss how this method can be used to resolve the surface termination puzzle in Co3Sn2S2. This method provides a natural explanation for the existence of adatoms and vacancies, and beyond using unknown impurity states, we propose and use designer layer-selective substitutional chemical markers to confirm the validity of this method. Finally, we apply this method to determine the surface of a new kagome material Ni3In2Se2, as a cousin of Co3Sn2S2, and we image the underlying kagome geometry on the determined Se surface above the kagome layer, which directly visualizes the p-d hybridization physics. We emphasize that this general method does not rely on theory, but the determined surface identity can provide guidelines for first-principles calculations with adjustable parameters on the surface-dependent local density of states and quasi-particle interference patterns.
A review on the mathematical models of thermostatically controlled load
Authors: Tian Xiaoyu , Liu Lin , Shen Ganhua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThermostatically controlled load (TCL) contributes a relatively higher proportion of energy consumption. Its mathematical models can be used for quantifying the real-time supply and demand balance between the power generations and load systems. The relevant studies have received great attention with the development of smart grids in recent years. This study mainly presented the development of TCL mathematical models from a single model to aggregated models. Finally, the advantages of these models were compared and analyzed based on the simulation results. This study could provide a theoretical basis for the applications of TCLs in the supply and demand balances.
Challenges and prospects in utilizing technologies for gene fusion analysis in cancer diagnostics
Authors: Su Xinglei , Zheng Qiangting , Xiu Xuehao , Zhao Qiong , Wang Yudong , Han Da , Song Ping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGene fusions are vital biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and drug development, with precise detection becoming increasingly important. This review explores the links between gene fusions and common tumors, systematically evaluating detection technologies like fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry (IHC), electrochemiluminescence (ECL), and next-generation sequencing (NGS). FISH is the gold standard for DNA-level rearrangements, while PCR and NGS are widely used, with PCR confirming known fusions and NGS offering comprehensive genome-wide detection. Bioinformatic tools like STAR-Fusion, FusionCatcher, and Arriba are assessed for diagnostic accuracy. The review highlights how artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning (DL) technologies like convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), is transforming gene fusion research by accurately detecting and annotating genes from genomic data, eliminating biases. Finally, we present an overview of advanced technologies for gene fusion analysis, emphasizing their potential to uncover unknown gene fusions.
Graphical Abstract
Flexible neuromorphic transistors for neuromorphic computing and perception application
Authors: Ke Shuo , Zhu Yixin , Fu Chuanyu , Mao Huiwu , Shi Kailu , Qiao Lesheng , Wan Qing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEmulating brain functionality with neuromorphic devices is an emerging field of research. It is extensively considered as the first step to overcome the limitations of conventional von Neumann systems and build artificial intelligent systems. Currently, most neuromorphic transistors are manufactured on rigid substrates, which are difficult to bend and cannot closely fit soft human skin, limiting their appliction scope. The emergence and evolution of flexible electronic devices address a plethora of application and scenario demands. Particularly, the introduction of flexible neuromorphic transistors injects fresh vitality into neuromorphic computing and perception, symbolizing a significant step towards overcoming the limitations of conventional computational models and fostering the development of more intelligent wearable devices. Herein, the recent developments in felxible neuromorphic transistors are summarized and their applications in neuromorphic computing and artificial perception systems are highlighted. The future prospects and challenges of felxible neuromorphic transistors are also discussed. We believe developments in felxible neuromorphic transistors will shed light on future advances in wearable artificial intelligent systems, humanoid robotics and neural repair technology.
Metabolic engineering for single-cell protein production from renewable feedstocks and its applications
Authors: Zhuang Zhoukang , Wan Guangyu , Lu Xiaocong , Xie Linhai , Yu Tao , Tang Hongting 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProteins are indispensable for maintaining a healthy diet and performing crucial functions in a multitude of physiological processes. The growth of the global population and the emergence of environmental concerns have significantly increased the demand for protein-rich foods such as meat and dairy products, exerting considerable pressure on global food supplies. Single-cell proteins (SCP) have emerged as a promising alternative source, characterized by their high protein content and essential amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, inorganic salts, vitamins, and trace elements. SCP offers several advantages over the traditional animal and plant proteins. These include shorter production cycles, the use of diverse raw material sources, high energy efficiency, and minimal environmental impact. This review is primarily concerned with the microbial species employed in SCP production, utilization of non-food renewable materials as a source of feedstock, and application of rational and non-rational metabolic engineering strategies to increase SCP biomass and protein content. Moreover, the current applications, production shortages, and safety concerns associated with SCP are discussed.
Unstable Sliding of Plagioclase Gouge and Deformation Mechanisms Under Hydrothermal Conditions With Effective Normal Stresses of 100–300 MPa
Authors: He Changrong , Ma Xi , Yao Shengnan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPlagioclase feldspar is a major mineral in mafic crustal rocks. To better understand the deformation mechanism of plagioclase feldspar during frictional faulting, we conducted shearing experiments on simulated plagioclase gouge in a wide range of effective normal stress of 100–300 MPa, pore‐water pressure of 30–100 MPa, and temperatures ranging from 100°C to 600°C. The coefficient of friction is found to range from 0.65 to 0.74 across the entire temperature range, showing no significant thermal weakening process. Except for a case at 200°C with an effective normal stress of 300 MPa, the frictional sliding is velocity weakening over the whole temperature range, showing a steady‐state rate dependence (a−b) ranging from −0.5 × 10−3 to −8.6 × 10−3. This property facilitates nucleation of unstable slips in frictional faulting. Above 200°C, the direct rate effect parameter (a) and the evolution effect parameter (b) of friction increase with temperature up to a threshold of 400°C or 500°C, depending on the effective normal stress. This thermal enhancement suggests thermally activated creep at contact junctions governed by intergranular pressure solution, as evidenced by microstructural signatures indicating the prevalence of very fine precipitates formed at the surfaces of gouge particles as a result of pressure solution. In frictional sliding of plagioclase, a low effective normal stress of 100 MPa corresponds to a higher degree of velocity weakening and tends to facilitate seismic slip rather than slow slips, whereas the high effective normal stress of 300 MPa corresponds to a minor velocity weakening which may cause slow‐slip events in faults of limited size.
Carrier dynamic identification enables wavelength and intensity sensitivity in perovskite photodetectors
Authors: Min Liangliang , Zhou Yicheng , Sun Haoxuan , Guo Linqi , Wang Meng , Cao Fengren , Tian Wei , Li Liang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeciphering the composite information within a light field through a single photodetector, without optical and mechanical structures, is challenging. The difficulty lies in extracting multi-dimensional optical information from a single dimension of photocurrent. Emerging photodetectors based on information reconstruction have potential, yet they only extract information contained in the photoresponse current amplitude (responsivity matrix), neglecting the hidden information in response edges driven by carrier dynamics. Herein, by adjusting the thickness of the absorption layer and the interface electric field strength in the perovskite photodiode, we extend the transport and relaxation time of carriers excited by photons of different wavelengths, maximizing the spectrum richness of the edge waveform in the light-dark transition process. For the first time, without the need for extra optical and electrical components, the reconstruction of two-dimensional information of light intensity and wavelength has been achieved. With the integration of machine learning algorithms into waveform data analysis, a wide operation spectrum range of 350–750 nm is available with a 100% accuracy rate. The restoration error has been lowered to less than 0.1% for light intensity. This work offers valuable insights for advancing perovskite applications in areas such as wavelength identification and spectrum imaging.
Multimodal analyses of immune cells during bone repair identify macrophages as a therapeutic target in musculoskeletal trauma
Authors: Hachemi Yasmine , Perrin Simon , Ethel Maria , Julien Anais , Vettese Julia , Geisler Blandine , Göritz Christian , Colnot Céline 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMusculoskeletal traumatic injuries (MTI) involve soft tissue lesions adjacent to a bone fracture leading to fibrous nonunion. The impact of MTI on the inflammatory response to fracture and on the immunomodulation of skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPCs) remains unknown. Here, we used single-nucleus transcriptomic analyses to describe the immune cell dynamics after bone fracture and identified distinct macrophage subsets with successive pro-inflammatory, pro-repair and anti-inflammatory profiles. Concurrently, SSPCs transition via a pro- and anti-inflammatory fibrogenic phase of differentiation prior to osteochondrogenic differentiation. In a preclinical MTI mouse model, the injury response of immune cells and SSPCs is disrupted leading to a prolonged pro-inflammatory phase and delayed resolution of inflammation. Macrophage depletion improves bone regeneration in MTI demonstrating macrophage involvement in fibrous nonunion. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of macrophages using the CSF1R inhibitor Pexidartinib ameliorates healing. These findings reveal the coordinated immune response of macrophages and skeletal stem/progenitor cells as a driver of bone healing and as a primary target for the treatment of trauma-associated fibrosis.
ACSL4-mediated lipid rafts prevent membrane rupture and inhibit immunogenic cell death in melanoma
Authors: Zhao Xi , Zhao Zenglu , Li Bingru , Huan Shuyu , Li Zixi , Xie Jianlan , Liu Guoquan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChemotherapy including platinum-based drugs are a possible strategy to enhance the immune response in advanced melanoma patients who are resistant to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. However, the immune-boosting effects of these drugs are a subject of controversy, and their impact on the tumor microenvironment are poorly understood. In this study, we discovered that lipid peroxidation (LPO) promotes the formation of lipid rafts in the membrane, which mediated by Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain Family Member 4 (ACSL4) impairs the sensitivity of melanoma cells to platinum-based drugs. This reduction primarily occurs through the inhibition of immunogenic ferroptosis and pyroptosis by reducing cell membrane pore formation. By disrupting ACSL4-mediaged lipid rafts via the removal of membrane cholesterol, we promoted immunogenic cell death, transformed the immunosuppressive environment, and improved the antitumor effectiveness of platinum-based drugs and immune response. This disruption also helped reverse the decrease in CD8+ T cells while maintaining their ability to secrete cytokines. Our results reveal that ACSL4-dependent LPO is a key regulator of lipid rafts formation and antitumor immunity, and that disrupting lipid rafts has the potential to enhance platinum-based drug-induced immunogenic ferroptosis and pyroptosis in melanoma. This novel strategy may augment the antitumor immunity of platinum-based therapy and further complement ICB therapy.
Robust bilayer solid electrolyte interphase for Zn electrode with high utilization and efficiency
Authors: Meng Yahan , Wang Mingming , Wang Jiazhi , Huang Xuehai , Zhou Xiang , Sajid Muhammad , Xie Zehui , Luo Ruihao , Zhu Zhengxin , Zhang Zuodong , Khan Nawab Ali , Wang Yu , Li Zhenyu , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConstruction of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) of zinc (Zn) electrode is an effective strategy to stabilize Zn electrode/electrolyte interface. However, single-layer SEIs of Zn electrodes undergo rupture and consequent failure during repeated Zn plating/stripping. Here, we propose the construction of a robust bilayer SEI that simultaneously achieves homogeneous Zn2+ transport and durable mechanical stability for high Zn utilization rate (ZUR) and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of Zn electrode by adding 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone as a representative electrolyte additive. This bilayer SEI on Zn surface consists of a crystalline ZnCO3-rich outer layer and an amorphous ZnS-rich inner layer. The ordered outer layer improves the mechanical stability during cycling, and the amorphous inner layer homogenizes Zn2+ transport for homogeneous, dense Zn deposition. As a result, the bilayer SEI enables reversible Zn plating/stripping for 4800 cycles with an average CE of 99.95% (± 0.06%). Meanwhile, Zn | |Zn symmetric cells show durable lifetime for over 550 h with a high ZUR of 98% under an areal capacity of 28.4 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, the Zn full cells based on the bilayer SEI functionalized Zn negative electrodes coupled with different positive electrodes all exhibit stable cycling performance under high ZUR.
Internet of things (IoT) based saffron cultivation system in greenhouse
Authors: Khan Rabia , Farooq Muhammad Shoaib , Khelifi Adel , Ahmad Umer , Ahmad Faizan , Riaz Shamyla 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSaffron is the world's most expensive and legendary crop that is widely used in cuisine, drugs, and cosmetics. Therefore, the demand for saffron is increasing globally day by day. Despite its massive demand the cultivation of saffron has dramatically decreased and grown in only a few countries. Saffron is an environment-sensitive crop that is affected by various factors including rapid change in climate, light intensity, pH level, soil moisture, salinity level, and inappropriate cultivation techniques. It is not possible to control many of these environmental factors in traditional farming. Although, many innovative technologies like Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things (IoT) have been used to enhance the growth of saffron still, there is a dire need for a system that can overcome primary issues related to saffron growth. In this research, we have proposed an IoT-based system for the greenhouse to control the numerous agronomical variables such as corm size, temperature, humidity, pH level, soil moisture, salinity, and water availability. The proposed architecture monitors and controls environmental factors automatically and sends real-time data from the greenhouse to the microcontroller. The sensed values of various agronomical variables are compared with threshold values and saved at cloud for sending to the farm owner for efficient management. The experiment results reveal that the proposed system is capable to maximize saffron production in the greenhouse by controlling environmental factors as per crop needs.
Persistently high plasma procalcitonin levels despite successful treatment of tuberculous pleuritis and tuberculous lymphadenitis patients
Authors: un Nisa Zaib , Ambreen Atiqa , Mustafa Tehmina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn a prospective cohort study, we evaluated plasma PCT levels in 48 TB lymphadenitis (TBLN) and 41 TB pleuritis (TBPE) patients. Measurements of PCT were done in unstimulated plasma of microbiologically and clinically confirmed TBLN and TBPE patients registered for anti-TB treatment at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. Plasma levels of PCT were found to be raised in 89% of the patients at baseline with a median of 1.5 ng/ml. Levels were higher (p = 0.001) in TBLN as compared to TBPE (2.69, 0.96 ng/ml). PCT levels were not related to the bacterial burden depicted by culture positivity in these patients. PCT showed a negative correlation with the severity of constitutional symptoms (rho = − 0.238, p = 0.034), and inflammatory biomarkers; ferritin (rho = − 0.43, p < 0.001), INF-γ (rho = − 0.314, p = 0.003), TNF-α (rho = − 0.220, p = 0.039), IL-6 (rho = − 0.224, p = 0.035), and several chemokines of CCL and CCXL group. Raised plasma levels of PCT did not decrease with anti-TB treatment, indicating it is not a good biomarker to monitor treatment response in TBLN and TBPE patients. More studies with a larger number of confirmed EPTB cases are needed to define the role of PCT and its interaction with other biomarkers in EPTB.