bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unfallmeldungen zu Nadelstichverletzungen bei Beschäftigten in Krankenhäusern, Arztpraxen und Pflegeeinrichtungen
Authors: Dulon Madeleine , Lisiak Birgit , Wendeler Dana , Nienhaus Albert 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Mit der aktualisierten „Technischen Regel für biologische Arbeitsstoffe im Gesundheitsdienst und in der Wohlfahrtspflege“ (TRBA 250) sind Schutzmaßnahmen zur Prävention von Stich- und Schnittverletzungen seit März 2014 in Deutschland neu geregelt. In der vorliegenden Studie wird 6 Monate nach Inkrafttreten der TRBA 250 untersucht, ob sich Krankenhäuser, Arztpraxen und Pflegeeinrichtungen unterscheiden hinsichtlich der Ursachen von Nadelstichverletzungen (NSV) sowie der Verfügbarkeit und Anwendung von stichsicheren Instrumenten (SSI).
Methode Im Rahmen dieser Studie wurde eine Stichprobe von Unfallmeldungen ausgewertet, die im Zusammenhang mit einer NSV bei der Berufsgenossenschaft für Gesundheitsdienst und Wohlfahrtspflege (BGW) angezeigt wurden (n=1602). Zum Unfallhergang und zum Umgang mit SSI an den Arbeitsplätzen wurden die Beschäftigten telefonisch befragt (Responsequote 33,3%). Die Auswertung erfolgte deskriptiv, getrennt für 3 Tätigkeitsbereiche: Krankenhäuser, Arztpraxen und Pflegeeinrichtungen, worunter stationäre Altenpflege und ambulante Dienste zusammengefasst wurden.
Ergebnisse In allen 3 Bereichen ereignete sich etwa die Hälfte der NSV nicht bei der invasiven Prozedur, sondern erst im Anschluss daran bei der Entsorgung der Geräte. Kanülen für subkutane Injektionen waren die Ursache für 30% aller NSV, in Pflegeeinrichtungen lag der Anteil bei über 50%. SSI waren in Krankenhäusern und Arztpraxen an 80% und in Pflegeeinrichtungen an 50% der Arbeitsplätze vorhanden. Als Grund für die NSV im Zusammenhang mit einem SSI wurde in über 90% der Fälle fehlende Erfahrung in der Aktivierung des Sicherheitsmechanismus angegeben. SSI waren an 20% der NSV in Krankenhäusern und Arztpraxen beteiligt und an 10% der NSV in Pflegeeinrichtungen.
Schlussfolgerung Schulungen zur sicheren Entsorgung von spitzen Instrumenten sollten sich an alle Berufsgruppen wenden, die in Kontakt mit solchen Instrumenten kommen könnten. Das Infektionsrisiko durch subkutane Kanülen ist derzeit nicht eindeutig bestimmbar. Gleichwohl sind in der stationären Altenpflege und in der ambulanten Versorgung Schulungen zum sicheren Umgang mit Pen-Kanülen notwendig in Anbetracht des hohen Anteils an Unfällen, die in diesen Tätigkeitsbereichen durch subkutane Injektionsnadeln verursacht wurden.
Complete endoscopic sphincterotomy with vs. without large-balloon dilation for the removal of large bile duct stones: randomized multicenter study
Authors: Karsenti David , Coron Emmanuel , Vanbiervliet Geoffroy , Privat Jocelyn , Kull Eric , Bichard Philippe , Perrot Bastien , Quentin Vincent , Duriez Arnaud , Cholet Franck , Subtil Clément , Duchmann Jean , Lefort Christine , Hudziak Hervé , Koch Stéphane , Granval Philippe , Lecleire Stéphane , Charachon Antoine , Barange Karl , Cesbron Elodie , De Widerspach Axel , Le Baleur Yann , Barthet Marc , Poincloux Laurent 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic sphincterotomy plus large-balloon dilation (ES-LBD) has been reported as an alternative to endoscopic sphincterotomy for the removal of bile duct stones. This multicenter study compared complete endoscopic sphincterotomy with vs. without large-balloon dilation for the removal of large bile duct stones. This is the first randomized multicenter study to evaluate these procedures in patients with exclusively large common bile duct (CBD) stones.
Methods Between 2010 and 2015, 150 patients with one or more common bile duct stones ≥ 13 mm were randomized to two groups: 73 without balloon dilation (conventional group), 77 with balloon dilation (ES-LBD group). Mechanical lithotripsy was subsequently performed only if the stones were too large for removal through the papilla. Endoscopic sphincterotomy was complete in both groups. Patients could switch to ES-LBD if the conventional procedure failed.
Results There was no between-group difference in number and size of stones. CBD stone clearance was achieved in 74.0 % of patients in the conventional group and 96.1 % of patients in the ES-LBD group (P < 0.001). Mechanical lithotripsy was needed significantly more often in the conventional group (35.6 % vs. 3.9 %; P < 0.001). There was no difference in terms of morbidity (9.3 % in the conventional group vs. 8.1 % in the ES-LBD group; P = 0.82). The cost and procedure time were not significantly different between the groups overall, but became significantly higher for patients in the conventional group who underwent mechanical lithotripsy. The conventional procedure failed in 19 patients, 15 of whom underwent a rescue ES-LBD procedure that successfully cleared all stones.
Conclusions Complete endoscopic sphincterotomy with large-balloon dilation for the removal of large CBD stones has similar safety but superior efficiency to conventional treatment, and should be considered as the first-line step in the treatment of large bile duct stones and in rescue treatment.Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02592811).
Reprocessing of single-use endoscopic variceal band ligation devices: a pilot study
Authors: Visrodia Kavel , Haseeb Abdul , Hanada Yuri , Pennington Kelly , Clemens Magdalen , Pearce Paul , Tosh Pritish , Petersen Bret , Topazian Mark 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims The preferred management of bleeding esophageal varices includes endoscopic band ligation. Endoscopic ligation devices (ELDs) are expensive and designed for single use, limiting their uptake in developing countries. We aimed to assess the efficacy of reprocessing ELDs using terminal microbial cultures and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) testing.
Materials and methods ELDs were recovered after clinical use and their components (cap, handle, and cord) were subjected to reprocessing. This included manual cleaning, automated high-level disinfection (HLD), and drying with forced air. Using sterile technique, ELD components were sampled for ATP at three stages: before manual cleaning, after manual cleaning, and after HLD. Components were sent to an external laboratory for culturing. Cultures were interpreted as positive upon identification of Gram-negative bacilli.
Results A total of 14 clinically used ELDs were studied, and 189 ATP tests and 41 cultures were evaluated. Overall, 95 % (39/41) of components and 86 % (12/14) of ELDs were culture-negative or did not yield Gram-negative bacilli. Two components (5 %; one handle and one cord) harbored Gram-negative bacilli in quantities of 1 CFU per component. There was no apparent correlation between ATP at any juncture of reprocessing and terminal cultures.
Conclusions Reprocessing of ELDs is effective, resulting in infrequent and minimal microbial contamination. Microbial culturing can be used to ensure adequacy of ELD reprocessing if pursued. Until reusable ELDs are commercially available, continued efforts to better define the adequacy and long-term effects of reprocessing ELDs are needed.
Probe-based endomicroscopy for in vivo detection of gastric intestinal metaplasia and neoplasia: a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zuo Xiu-Li , Li Zhen , Li Chang-Qing , Zheng You-You , Xu Li-Dong , Chen Jie , Lin Rong , Song Jun , Yu Chao-Hui , Yue Min , Zhou Qi , Liu Zhi-Yan , Li Yan-Qing 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims Owing to the indistinctive endoscopic appearance of gastric intestinal metaplasia (GIM), gastric intraepithelial neoplasia (GIN), and early gastric cancer (EGC), a significant number of such lesions may be missed during surveillance endoscopy. The aim of this clinical trial was to assess the value of combined computed virtual chromoendoscopy (flexible spectral imaging color enhancement [FICE]) and probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) for in vivo detection of GIM, GIN, and EGC.
Patients and methods This was a multicenter, randomized controlled trial performed in 238 patients at four tertiary centers. Patients were randomized to FICE-guided pCLE with targeted biopsies (group A) or FICE with standard biopsies (group B). The diagnostic yield of GIM, GIN, or EGC was compared between the two groups.
Results On a per-patient assessment, the diagnostic yield for GIM/GIN/EGC was 73.3 % (88/120) in group A and 63.6 % (75/118) in group B (P = 0.09). On a per-biopsy analysis, FICE-guided pCLE with targeted biopsies significantly increased the diagnostic yield of GIM/GIN/EGC vs. FICE with standard biopsies, from 31.5 % (252/800) to 75.1 % (313/417) (P < 0.001). In addition, pCLE-guided targeted biopsies led to a significant 48.5 % decrease in the number of biopsies per patient vs. FICE with standard biopsies (P < 0.001).
Conclusions Real-time pCLE and targeted biopsies after FICE improved the diagnostic yield for the detection of GIM, GIN, and EGC, and only required about half the number of biopsies vs. FICE with standard biopsies. This may allow a better regimen for endoscopic surveillance and subsequent treatment of patients with premalignant and malignant gastric abnormalities.Trial registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02515721).
The future for peas and beans.
Authors: Biddle A. J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This chapter discusses the constraints and opportunities as well as the future for peas and beans (focusing on faba and Phaseolus beans). Their varietal performance, yield, quality, resistance to pests and diseases, drought tolerance, breeding technologies, food uses and processing developments are described. The increasing demand for animal feed; the impact of climate change on their production; and the role of legumes in cropping rotation are also mentioned. It is concluded that the future for peas and beans as adaptable, sustainable, environmentally friendly and with a high production potential, together with an increasing demand, is positive. There are many research programmes in progress that are aimed at overcoming the main constraints to pea and bean production both in the developed and in the developing countries of the world. All are aimed primarily at extending the yield and increasing the quality of the harvested product through plant breeding and agronomic management and at extending the demand through innovation for food for the growing human population, increasing human health and reducing the dependence on non-sustainable commodities, as well as food for animal and fish production. In addition, work is ongoing to exploit the crops as a source of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products.
Production and growing regions.
Authors: Gradziel T. M. , Curtis R. , Socias i Company R. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This chapter provides information on almond production in Asia, eastern Europe, Mediterranean countries and New World regions in North and South America and in Australia. General production statistics for the past 60 years are shown, with more detailed data from 2001 to 2010. In the New World production regions (USA, Chile, Australia) most cultivars are soft shell with a high shelling percentage, whereas in more traditional growing areas (Spain, Italy, central Asia) most cultivars are hard-shell, with a lower shelling percentage. Despite falling production in most traditional growing regions, global production has more than doubled in the past 20 years from a 1994 crop of only 354 259.3 tm. Most of the increase in production has occurred in California (USA), where a doubling in crop area combined with a tripling of per hectare productivity has occurred.
Late-blooming cultivar development.
Authors: Dicenta F. , Sánchez-Pérez R. , Batlle I. , Martínez-Gómez P. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This chapter discusses the importance, variability, genetic control (heritability and environmental influence) and correlation with other characteristics, as well as genomics, transcriptomics and metabolomics, of flowering time in wild and cultivated almonds. Some breeding methods to obtain late flowering almonds are described. The impact of climate change on the flowering of almonds is also discussed.
Almond tree nutrition.
Authors: Muhammad S. , Saa S. , Khalsa S. D. S. , Weinbaum S. , Brown P. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Almond requires 17 elements for growth and development and, if any of these elements are deficient, growth and production are impaired. These 17 elements are called essential elements and include carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), boron (B), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), chloride (Cl), molybdenum (Mo) and nickel (Ni). This chapter describes three methods of monitoring the nutrient supply and diagnosing nutrition problems in almond: (i) soil analysis, (ii) leaf analysis, and (iii) visual inspection (symptoms). Because of their central importance to almond production, N and K fertilizer management are discussed in more detail. The 4R (right rate, right time, right placement and right source) approach to fertilizer management is explained. The occurrence, identification and correction of common nutrient disorders are described, as well as the damages caused by nutrient toxicities.
Almond diseases.
Authors: Palacio-Bielsa A. , Cambra M. , Martínez C. , Olmos A. , Pallás V. , López M. M. , Adaskaveg J. E. , Förster H. , Cambra M. A. , Duval H. , Esmenjaud D. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

This chapter aims to provide an overview of up-to-date knowledge on major diseases affecting almond, and it is intended to be applicable worldwide. It is divided into five sections. The first section describes diseases caused by graft-transmissible pathogens (viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas). The second section includes bacterial diseases. The third section describes diseases caused by fungi and fungal-like organisms. The fourth section includes nematodes, while the final section describes some disorders with unknown aetiologies. Each section includes a review of the disease distribution and importance, the causal agent(s), symptoms useful for diagnosis, and ecological and epidemiological information, as well as integrated management practices.
Bovine milk-derived α-lactalbumin prevents hepatic fibrosis induced by dimethylnitrosamine via nitric oxide pathway in rats
Authors: Fukawa Akika , Kobayashi Orie , Yamaguchi Makoto , Uchida Masayuki , Hosono Akira 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The present study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of α-lactalbumin (αLA) against dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced toxic insults in the rat liver. The liver damage was induced in rats by the repeated administration of DMN (10 mg/kg, i.p.) on three consecutive days per week for three weeks. The rats were maintained on either a standard AIN-93 M or αLA-enriched diet starting one week before the DMN injection until the termination of the experiment. The DMN treatment produced a progressive increase in the plasma markers (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total bililbin, hyarulonic acid, and matrix metalloproteinase-2) in 28 days after the first DMN injection. Dietary treatment with αLA significantly reduced the DMN-induced damage toward normalcy. NＧ-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, significantly attenuated the hepatoprotective effect of αLA. These findings show that αLA has a marked suppressive effect on hepetic fibrosis through a nitric oxide-mediated mechanism.
Reference genome assessment from a population scale perspective: an accurate profile of variability and noise
Authors: Carbonell-Caballero José , Amadoz Alicia , Alonso Roberto , Hidalgo Marta R , Çubuk Cankut , Conesa David , López-Quílez Antonio , Dopazo Joaquín 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Current plant and animal genomic studies are often based on newly assembled genomes that have not been properly consolidated. In this scenario, misassembled regions can easily lead to false-positive findings. Despite quality control scores are included within genotyping protocols, they are usually employed to evaluate individual sample quality rather than reference sequence reliability. We propose a statistical model that combines quality control scores across samples in order to detect incongruent patterns at every genomic region. Our model is inherently robust since common artifact signals are expected to be shared between independent samples over misassembled regions of the genome.

Results
The reliability of our protocol has been extensively tested through different experiments and organisms with accurate results, improving state-of-the-art methods. Our analysis demonstrates synergistic relations between quality control scores and allelic variability estimators, that improve the detection of misassembled regions, and is able to find strong artifact signals even within the human reference assembly. Furthermore, we demonstrated how our model can be trained to properly rank the confidence of a set of candidate variants obtained from new independent samples.

Availability and implementation
This tool is freely available at http://gitlab.com/carbonell/ces.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Improved prediction of breast cancer outcome by identifying heterogeneous biomarkers
Authors: Choi Jonghwan , Park Sanghyun , Yoon Youngmi , Ahn Jaegyoon 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Identification of genes that can be used to predict prognosis in patients with cancer is important in that it can lead to improved therapy, and can also promote our understanding of tumor progression on the molecular level. One of the common but fundamental problems that render identification of prognostic genes and prediction of cancer outcomes difficult is the heterogeneity of patient samples.

Results
To reduce the effect of sample heterogeneity, we clustered data samples using K-means algorithm and applied modified PageRank to functional interaction (FI) networks weighted using gene expression values of samples in each cluster. Hub genes among resulting prioritized genes were selected as biomarkers to predict the prognosis of samples. This process outperformed traditional feature selection methods as well as several network-based prognostic gene selection methods when applied to Random Forest. We were able to find many cluster-specific prognostic genes for each dataset. Functional study showed that distinct biological processes were enriched in each cluster, which seems to reflect different aspect of tumor progression or oncogenesis among distinct patient groups. Taken together, these results provide support for the hypothesis that our approach can effectively identify heterogeneous prognostic genes, and these are complementary to each other, improving prediction accuracy.

Availability and implementation
https://github.com/mathcom/CPR

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ALMA multiline observations toward the central region of NGC 613
Authors: Miyamoto Yusuke , Nakai Naomasa , Seta Masumichi , Salak Dragan , Nagai Makoto , Kaneko Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We report ALMA observations of molecular gas and continuum emission in the 90 and 350 GHz bands toward a nearby Seyfert galaxy, NGC 613. Radio continuum emissions were detected at 95 and 350 GHz from both the circumnuclear disk (CND) (r ≲ 90 pc) and a star-forming ring (250 ≲ r ≲ 340 pc), and the 95 GHz continuum was observed to extend from the center at a position angle of 20° ± 8°. The archival 4.9 GHz data and our 95 GHz data show spectral indices of α ≲ −0.6 and −0.2 along the jets and in the star-forming ring; these can be produced by synchrotron emission and free–free emission, respectively. In addition, we detected the emission of CO(3–2), HCN(1–0), HCN(4–3), HCO+(1–0), HCO+(4–3), CS(2–1), and CS(7–6) in both the CND and the ring. The rotational temperatures and column densities of molecules derived from J = 1–0 and 4–3 lines of HCN and HCO+ and J = 2–1 and 7–6 of CS in the CND and ring were derived. Furthermore, a non-local thermodynamic equilibrium model revealed that the kinetic temperature of Tk = 350–550 K in the CND is higher than Tk = 80–300 K in the ring, utilizing the intensity ratios of HCN, HCO+, and CS. The star-formation efficiency in the CND is almost an order of magnitude lower than those at the spots in the star-forming ring, while the dominant activity of the central region is star formation rather than active galactic nuclei. We determined that the large velocity dispersion of CO extending towards the north side of the CND and decomposing into blueshifted and redshifted features is probably explained by the effect of the radio jets. These results strongly suggest that the jets heat the gas in the CND, in which the feedback prevents star formation.
Tuskegee and the Health of Black Men*
Authors: Alsan Marcella , Wanamaker Marianne 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
For 40 years, the Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male passively monitored hundreds of adult black men with syphilis despite the availability of effective treatment. The study’s methods have become synonymous with exploitation and mistreatment by the medical profession. To identify the study’s effects on the behavior and health of older black men, we use an interacted difference-in-difference-in-differences model, comparing older black men to other demographic groups, before and after the Tuskegee revelation, in varying proximity to the study’s victims. We find that the disclosure of the study in 1972 is correlated with increases in medical mistrust and mortality and decreases in both outpatient and inpatient physician interactions for older black men. Our estimates imply life expectancy at age 45 for black men fell by up to 1.5 years in response to the disclosure, accounting for approximately 35% of the 1980 life expectancy gap between black and white men and 25% of the gap between black men and women.
Evaluation and management of heavy menstrual bleeding in adolescents
Authors: Moon Lisa M. , Perez-Milicua Gisselle , Dietrich Jennifer E. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is a common condition in women of reproductive age; however, adolescents with this issue present unique challenges in both diagnosis and management. Much of the research into this topic focuses on the adult population, with variable applicability to adolescents. There are currently no standard guidelines for the work up and treatment of adolescents with HMB.

Recent findings
Current research into this topic has explored the utilization of standardized protocols in the evaluation of HMB in adolescents, the efficacy of various hormonal, nonhormonal, and surgical treatment modalities, and the benefits of a multidisciplinary approach. Recent literature has focused on adolescents found to have an underlying bleeding disorder, recommending more comprehensive bleeding disorder work up to identify these patients in a timely manner and initiate effective treatment plans.

Summary
Providers in the primary care setting should be aware of the definitions for normal menses, and be able to recognize abnormal bleeding and HMB. Early recognition of HMB in adolescents can then lead to appropriate diagnosis of underlying disorders, and current research has proposed standard protocols to assist with the evaluation, ultimately leading to effective long-term management into adulthood.

Video abstract

http://links.lww.com/COOG/A40