bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptive statistics in Oracle 12c
Authors: Chakkappen Sunil , Budalakoti Suratna , Krishnamachari Ramarajan , Valluri Satyanarayana R , Wood Alan , Zait Mohamed 
Published: September 2017

Database Management Systems (DBMS) continue to be the foundation of mission critical applications, both OLTP and Analytics. They provide a safe, reliable and efficient platform to store and retrieve data. SQL is the lingua franca of the database world. A database developer writes a SQL statement to specify data sources and express the desired result and the DBMS will figure out the most efficient way to implement it. The query optimizer is the component in a DBMS responsible for finding the best execution plan for a given SQL statement based on statistics, access structures, location, and format. At the center of a query optimizer is a cost model that consumes the above information and helps the optimizer make decisions related to query transformations, join order, join methods, access paths, and data movement.
The final execution plan produced by the query optimizer depends on the quality of information used by the cost model, as well as the sophistication of the cost model. In addition to statistics about the data, the cost model also relies on statistics generated internally for intermediate results, e.g. size of the output of a join operation. This paper presents the problems caused by incorrect statistics of intermediate results, survey the existing solutions and present our solution introduced in Oracle 12c. The solution includes validating the generated statistics using table data and via the automatic creation of auxiliary statistics structures. We limit the overhead of the additional work by confining their use to cases where it matters the most, caching the computed statistics, and using table samples. The statistics management is automated. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach based on experiments using two SQL workloads, a benchmark that uses data from the Internal Movie Data Base (IMDB) and a real customer workload.
Arzneimittelausgaben nach der Gesundheitsausgabenrechnung
Authors: Brungs Stefan 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Gesundheitsausgabenrechnung des Statistischen Bundesamtes ist ein sekundärstatistisches Rechenwerk, das auf eine Vielzahl an Verwaltungsdaten zurückgreift. Sie liefert eine jährliche, dreidimensional gegliederte Erfassung der Ausgaben für Waren und Dienstleistungen im deutschen Gesundheitswesen von 1992 bis zum aktuellen Berichtsjahr 2015. Die Daten können aufgrund ihrer Tiefe als Grundlage für Forschungs- und Politikanalysen dienen, wie dieser Artikel am Beispiel der Arzneimittel zeigt.
Memantine and Ketamine Differentially Alter NMDA Receptor Desensitization
Authors: Glasgow Nathan G. , Povysheva Nadezhda V. , Azofeifa Andrea M. , Johnson Jon W. 
Published: September 2017

Memantine and ketamine are clinically useful NMDA receptor (NMDAR) open channel blockers that inhibit NMDARs with similar potency and kinetics, but display vastly different clinical profiles. This discrepancy has been hypothesized to result from inhibition by memantine and ketamine of overlapping but distinct NMDAR subpopulations. For example, memantine but not ketamine may inhibit extrasynaptic NMDARs more effectively than synaptic NMDARs. However, the basis for preferential NMDAR inhibition depending on subcellular location has not been investigated systematically. We integrated recordings from heterologously expressed single NMDAR subtypes, kinetic modeling, and recordings of synaptically evoked NMDAR responses in acute brain slices to investigate mechanisms by which channel blockers may distinguish NMDAR subpopulations. We found that memantine and ketamine differentially alter NMDAR desensitization and that memantine stabilizes a Ca2+-dependent desensitized state. As a result, inhibition by memantine of GluN1/2A receptors in tsA201 cells and of native synaptic NMDARs in cortical pyramidal neurons from mice of either sex increased in conditions that enhanced intracellular Ca2+accumulation. Therefore, differential inhibition by memantine and ketamine based on NMDAR location is likely to result from location dependence of the intensity and duration of NMDAR activation. Modulation of Ca2+-dependent NMDAR desensitization is an unexplored mechanism of inhibitory action with the potential to endow drugs with NMDAR selectivity that leads to superior clinical profiles. Our results suggest that designing compounds to target specific receptor states, rather than specific receptor types, may be a viable strategy for future drug development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMemantine and ketamine are NMDA receptor (NMDAR) channel-blocking drugs with divergent clinical effects. Understanding mechanistically their differential actions may advance our understanding of nervous system disorders and suggest strategies for the design of more effective drugs. Here, we show that memantine and ketamine have contrasting effects on NMDAR desensitization. Ketamine binding decreases occupancy of desensitized states of the GluN1/2B NMDAR subtype. In contrast, memantine binding increases occupancy of GluN1/2A and native NMDAR desensitized states entered after accumulation of intracellular Ca2+, a novel inhibitory mechanism. These properties may contribute to inhibition of distinct NMDAR subpopulations by memantine and ketamine and help to explain their differential clinical effects. Our results suggest stabilization of Ca2+-dependent desensitized states as a new strategy for pharmaceutical neuroprotection.
Sexismo y homofobia en los adolescentes de una institución educativa pública
Authors: Bernuy Castromonte Breiding Junior , Noe Grijalva Hugo Martìn 
Published: September 2017

<p>La investigación explora la relación entre sexismo y homofobia en adolescentes de una institución educativa pública de Chimbote. El diseño de investigación fue descriptivo-correlacional con una muestra de 406 estudiantes, varones y mujeres de 1° a 5° grado de nivel secundaria. Fueron evaluados con la Escala de Detección de Sexismo de Ramos, Cuadrado y Recio (2007) adaptación de Acosta (2010) y la Escala de Homofobia moderna de Raja y Stokes (2005) adaptación de Paredes (2013). Los resultados de la investigación refleja una relación muy significativa, directa y fuerte que indica que a mayor sexismo en los adolescentes, mayores son las actitudes homofóbicas que puedan mostrar. Para sexismo hostil y homofobia hacia gay se obtiene una correlación de (<em>r</em>=.641<sup>**</sup> p&lt;.01) y hacia lesbianas (<em>r</em>=.658<sup>**</sup> p&lt;.01); entre sexismo benévolo y homofobia hacia gay (<em>r</em>=.574<sup>**</sup> p&lt;.01) y hacia lesbianas (<em>r</em>=.646<sup>**</sup> p&lt;.01). Se identifica niveles de sexismo, según género, un nivel alto de sexismo hostil y benévolo para la población masculina con un 14.1% y 15.7% respectivamente. También se encuentra niveles de homofobia, según género, en adolescentes hacia personas gay y lesbianas con un 35.3% y 25.3% respectivamente.</p>
An Integrated Research Framework for Effect of EWOM
Authors: Li Jie , Xue Wenyi , Yang Fang , Li Yakun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWith the development of the electronic commerce, the electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) has become important reference information for consumer shopping. EWOM has attracted considerable interest from researchers in the past decade. In this paper, a research review is conducted and an integrated framework is proposed on the effect of eWOM. The effect of eWOM are influenced by its characteristics, communicators, and other factors. The characteristics of eWOM include the source, the volume and the valence. The communicators of eWOM refer to the sender, the receiver and the relationship between them. In addition, dispersion and consistency, persistence and observability, anonymity and deception, and community engagement are related factors for the effect of eWOM.
Conservation Agriculture for Maize and Bean Production in the Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia
Authors: Liben F. M. , Hassen S. J. , Weyesa B. T. , Wortmann C. S. , Kim H. K. , Kidane M. S. , Yeda G. G. , Beshir B. 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
There may be a synergistic effect between the components of conservation agriculture.
Reducing tillage resulted in a yield increase at one location but not another.
Production was more by intercropping compared with rotation of maize and bean.
Conservation agriculture (CA) can be a means to soil improvement and increased crop productivity but had not been evaluated for maize (Zea mays L.)–dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cropping systems in the semiarid Central Rift Valley of Ethiopia (CRV). Therefore, on‐farm (2011–2014) and on‐station (2010–2014) trials were conducted to compare CA with the current smallholder conventional practice (CP) for productivity of maize–bean cropping systems. Maize monoculture (MMC), bean monoculture (BMC), maize–bean rotation (MBR), and maize–bean intercropping (MBI) were compared with and without tillage on‐station. In on‐farm research, MMC under CP (CP_MMC) was compared with cropping systems under CA including MMC (CA_MMC), MBR (CA_MBR), and MBI (CA_MBI). On‐station, CA had late tasseling, silking, and physiological maturity compared to CP. CA_MBR and CA_MBI had 28 and 19% more maize grain yield and 29 and 17% more stover yield compared with CA_MMC, respectively. Bean straw yield and intercrop bean grain yield were 13 and 7% more, respectively, with CA compared with CP. However, in the on‐farm trials, maize grain and stover yield were 23 and 47% less with CA_MBR compared to CA_MMC, possibly due to observed soil crusting and compaction of the sandy clay soil with CA. Soil water at 0‐ to 30‐ and 0‐ to 100‐cm depths were 38 and 28%, respectively, more with MBR compared to MMC at the maize grain‐fill stage. Stored soil water was 21% more with CA compared with CP. We conclude that CA_MBR and CA_MBI are suitable for fine texture soil of the CRV.
Modeling Phosphorus Losses through Surface Runoff and Subsurface Drainage Using ICECREAM
Authors: Qi Hongkai , Qi Zhiming , Zhang T. Q. , Tan C. S. , Sadhukhan Debasis 
Published: September 2017

Modeling soil phosphorus (P) losses by surface and subsurface flow pathways is essential in developing successful strategies for P pollution control. We used the ICECREAM model to simultaneously simulate P losses in surface and subsurface flow, as well as to assess effectiveness of field practices in reducing P losses. Monitoring data from a mineral‐P‐fertilized clay loam field in southwestern Ontario, Canada, were used for calibration and validation. After careful adjustment of model parameters, ICECREAM was shown to satisfactorily simulate all major processes of surface and subsurface P losses. When the calibrated model was used to assess tillage and fertilizer management scenarios, results point to a 10% reduction in total P losses by shifting autumn tillage to spring, and a 25.4% reduction in total P losses by injecting fertilizer rather than broadcasting. Although the ICECREAM model was effective in simulating surface and subsurface P losses when thoroughly calibrated, further testing is needed to confirm these results with manure P application. As illustrated here, successful use of simulation models requires careful verification of model routines and comprehensive calibration to ensure that site‐specific processes are accurately represented.Core Ideas
The ICECREAM model's first trial simulating P losses in both runoff and drainage.
ICECREAM satisfactorily simulated tile drainage and crop P uptake.
The model adequately simulated total P loss and its response to P fertilization.
Exceptional care should be taken in simulating particulate P under high drainage flow.
Spring tillage and fertilizer injection were recommended to reduce P loss.
Measurement of Soil Color: A Comparison Between Smartphone Camera and the Munsell Color Charts
Authors: Fan Zhaosheng , Herrick Jeffrey E. , Saltzman Rick , Matteis Christina , Yudina Anna , Nocella Nicholas , Crawford Edward , Parker Rick , Van Zee Justin 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
Smartphone cameras can be used to reliably measure soil color.
Soil color measured with smartphone cameras had less subjectivity and uncertainty.
Natural lighting conditions affected the accuracy of the soil color measured with smartphone cameras.
Soil color is one of the most useful soil properties for assessing and monitoring soil health. Here we present results of tests of a new soil color app for mobile phones. Various smartphone cameras (SPCs) were tested under sunny and cloudy conditions and compared with visual estimates using Munsell color charts (MCCs). The measured and estimated soil colors were then compared with the “true” colors determined using a spectrophotometer. The results indicated that soil color determinations based on SPC measurements under both sunny and cloudy conditions were as good as those obtained using the MCCs. The accuracy of the SPC measurements was affected by the natural illumination conditions, with higher accuracy in the sun than where clouds were present. Our results also indicated that the SPC measurements completed in the sun provide higher precision (lower variance) than SPC measurements completed under cloudy conditions or estimates based on MCCs. These results suggest that mobile‐device cameras have great potential to allow non–soil scientists, and others lacking access to color charts, to determine soil color.
Assessment of Haemodynamic Response to Induction of General Anaesthesia in Healthy Adult Patients Undergoing Elective Orthopaedic Surgery by Using a Continuous Non-invasive Cardiovascular Monitoring
Authors: Hua Alina , Balogun-Lynch Joshua , Williams Helen , Loganathan Vinothan , Dob Daryl , Vizcaychipi Marcela P. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Continuous cardiovascular monitoring as part of management of high-risk surgical patients is widely practiced, however the role of continuous monitoring as part of routine management in low-risk surgical patients is unclear. Our aim was to investigate haemodynamic and Bispectral Index (BIS) changes in healthy patients undergoing surgery following induction of anaesthesia with propofol using a continuous non-invasive blood pressure device (LiDCO rapid™). We sought to obtain detailed monitoring of cardiovascular parameters from the pre-induction stage.

Methods:
This prospective, observational single-centre study was conducted at a London teaching hospital between June-November 2014. Patients aged between 18-45 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I-II undergoing elective lower-limb arthroscopic procedures were included. Variables including heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance (SVR) and BIS were recorded continuously prior to induction and up to 3-minutes after.

Results:
The following relative haemodynamic changes were noted between baseline and 1-minute post-induction with propofol: CO +15.2%, HR +10.1%, SVR -22.9% and MAP -10.1% (p<0.001 for each parameter). There was a mean change of: HR -10.1%, CO -14% and MAP -18.0%(p<0.001 for each parameter) between baseline and 3-minutes post-induction. Median change of BIS was -61.7% (p<0.001) between baseline and 3-minutes post-induction. Significant, positive correlations were noted between MAP and BIS at 30-seconds (r=0.60, p<0.001) and 1-minute post-induction (r=0.61, p<0.001).

Conclusion:
Our study shows that healthy patients undergoing continuous minimally invasive orthopaedic surgery experience significant haemodynamic and BIS changes following induction of anaesthesia. Our findings highlight the importance of baseline cardiovascular and BIS monitoring as part of routine perioperative management.
Adjustable Horseshoe Headrest as a Positioning Adjunct in Airway Management for a Giant Occipital Encephalocele
Authors: Reazaul Karim Habib Muhammad , Yunus Muhammad , Barman Angkita , Kakati Sonai Datta , Dey Samarjit 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Presence of a giant occipital encephalocele poses a challenge for laryngoscopy by hindering optimal positioning. Intubations in different positions, assistance and modification of table surfaces have been reported with different rates of success and complications in such cases.

Method:
We used an adjustable horseshoe headrest as a positioning adjunct in airway management in a few cases during 2015 – 2016. Four babies were positioned with the help of the horseshoe headrest for direct laryngoscopy. These cases were then compared with previously conducted one more case whose trachea was intubated by the child’s head beyond the edge after an unsuccessful attempt in lateral position.

Result:
All four cases positioned with adjustable horseshoe head rest were intubated successfully with mean 2 ± 0.81 attempts with 2.25 ± 0.5 Cormack-Lehane laryngeal view. Significant complications were absent in the cases intubated by placing the head in horseshoe headrest as compared to the case performed in lateral position followed by placing the child’s head beyond the edge of the table with assistants supporting the baby.

Conclusion:
This clinical paper discusses this infrequently reported modification, and also compares it with other positions and modifications commonly used in clinical practice.
Effectiveness of Quality Improvement Strategies for the Management of CKD
Authors: Silver Samuel A. , Bell Chaim M. , Chertow Glenn M. , Shah Prakesh S. , Shojania Kaveh , Wald Ron , Harel Ziv 
Published: September 2017

Background and objectives
Quality improvement interventions have enhanced care for other chronic illnesses, but their effectiveness for patients with CKD is unknown. We sought to determine the effects of quality improvement strategies on clinical outcomes in adult patients with nondialysis-requiring CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
We conducted a systematic review of randomized trials, searching Medline and the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care database from January of 2003 to April of 2015. Eligible studies evaluated one or more of 11 prespecified quality improvement strategies, and prespecified study outcomes included at least one process of care measure, surrogate outcome, or hard clinical outcome. We used a random effects model to estimate the pooled risk ratio (RR; dichotomous data) or the mean difference (continuous data).

Results
We reviewed 15 patient-level randomized trials (n=3298 patients), and six cluster-randomized trials (n=30,042 patients). Quality improvement strategies reduced dialysis incidence (seven trials; RR, 0.85; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.74 to 0.97) and LDL cholesterol concentrations (four trials; mean difference, −17.6 mg/dl; 95% CI, −28.7 to −6.5), and increased the likelihood that patients received renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (nine trials; RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.27). We did not observe statistically significant effects on mortality, cardiovascular events, eGFR, glycated hemoglobin, and systolic or diastolic BP.

Conclusions
Quality improvement interventions yielded significant beneficial effects on three elements of CKD care. Estimates of the effectiveness of quality improvement strategies were limited by study number and adherence to quality improvement principles.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2017_09_06_CJASNPodcast_17_10.mp3
Skills vs. Concepts: A Comparison of Practitioners' and Educators' Preferences for Accounting Information Systems Proficiencies
Authors: Winstead Jack L. , Wenger Mitchell R. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
This study investigates whether AIS instructors' selection of topics adequately prepares graduates for the expectations of employers seeking candidates who can adapt to the pace of technological change. As businesses adopt new technologies, stakeholders of the accounting profession must periodically reassess educational needs in the area of accounting information systems (AIS). Because AIS is a field that encompasses a wide variety of conceptual and skill-based topics, the selection of course topics can result in a “gap” between what academics and CPA firms expect from new accountants. Given the variety of topic areas, do academics and CPAs agree on which ones to emphasize, or what levels of proficiency are appropriate for each topic?
In this study, academics and accountants, primarily in public practice, completed identical surveys regarding desired levels of proficiencies. The results suggest agreement on desired levels of proficiency regarding computer operation and use of accounting software to complete basic tasks and create reports, while suggesting differences of opinion in six other areas (understanding business cycles in an electronic environment, understanding data-sharing technologies, using XBRL, comprehending business needs and how technology could solve problems, understanding e-commerce, and the basics of safeguarding electronic accounting records). Participants concluded by offering observations about the strengths and weaknesses of newly employed accountants.
Integrating Accounting Themes with Enterprise System Experiences: An Accounting Department's Journey
Authors: Vician Chelley , Mortenson Kristian G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article provides our department's experiences with utilizing enterprise systems as part of teaching accounting concepts in a thoughtful, integrated fashion across the accounting curriculum. We describe how a specific enterprise system (SAP) has been used to design integrated accounting and technology experiences across an accounting curriculum. The description of our curriculum integration design, our integration process, and preliminary outcomes presented in this paper can be useful background to accounting systems educators involved in similar efforts at their institutions.
Missed therapeutic and prevention opportunities in women with BRCA‐mutated epithelial ovarian cancer and their families due to low referral rates for genetic counseling and BRCA testing: A review of the literature
Authors: Hoskins Paul J. , Gotlieb Walter H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAnswer questions and earn CME/CNEFifteen percent of women with epithelial ovarian cancer have inherited mutations in the BRCA breast cancer susceptibility genes. Knowledge of her BRCA status has value both for the woman and for her family. A therapeutic benefit exists for the woman with cancer, because a new family of oral drugs, the poly ADP‐ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, has recently been approved, and these drugs have the greatest efficacy in women who carry the mutation. For her family, there is the potential to prevent ovarian cancer in those carrying the mutation by using risk‐reducing surgery. Such surgery significantly reduces the chance of developing this, for the most part, incurable cancer. Despite these potential benefits, referral rates for genetic counseling and subsequent BRCA testing are low, ranging from 10% to 30%, indicating that these therapeutic and prevention opportunities are being missed. The authors have reviewed the relevant available literature. Topics discussed are BRCA and its relation to ovarian cancer, the rates of referral for genetic counseling/BRCA testing, reasons for these low rates, potential strategies to improve on those rates, lack of effectiveness of current screening strategies, the pros and cons of risk‐reducing surgery, other prevention options, and the role and value of PARP inhibitors. CA Cancer J Clin 2017;67:493‐506. © 2017 American Cancer Society.