bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncologia Moderna: Necessidade da Quebra de Paradigmas, Pré-conceitos e da Estagnação / Modern Oncology: Needs of Breaking Paradigms, Prejudice and Stagnation
Authors: Oliveira Harley Francisco de , Yoshinari Júnior Gerson Hiroshi , Santiago Antônio César Mendes 
Published: October 2016

O câncer engloba uma vasta gama de neoplasias sólidas e não sólidas que possuem a capacidade de invadir tecidos adjacentes e potencial de disseminação à distância. É uma doença devastadora: representa uma patologia carregada de estigma social, com uma carga negativa bastante elevada na grande maioria das vezes, afetando todos os aspectos da vida dos pacientes bem como daqueles com quem convivem (familiares, amigos, cuidadores, etc.). É uma doença secular: as primeiras descrições remetem à Grécia antiga, onde foi descrito como uma doença semelhante a um caranguejo, karkínos, provavelmente devido sua característica infiltrativa em casos mais avançados, porém sua origem dá-se juntamente à origem da própria espécie. É uma doença democrática: salvo alguns casos onde os fatores de risco são bem conhecidos e podem ser evitados, o câncer não privilegia uma ou outra esfera social, limite geográfico, religião ou outro fator ambiental/social. O câncer é hoje a segunda causa de morte no país e no mundo, somente superado pelas doenças cardiovasculares; mais significativo ainda do que sua posição como causa de morte é o crescimento dessa taxa ao longo das últimas décadas e indícios evidentes de que continuará a crescer. As causas dessa impressionante mudança do perfil nosológico do Brasil, acompanhando uma tendência mundial, são em parte conhecidas. Em primeiro lugar, a melhoria das condições de vida e de saneamento básico, a crescente urbanização, a aplicação de medidas preventivas eficientes no controle de doenças infectocontagiosas, entre outros, contribuíram para uma redução significativa das doenças infecciosas e parasitárias. Por outro lado, estas mesmas causas produziram um sensível aumento da expectativa de vida, de 34 anos em 1.900 para 64 anos em 1980. A redução da mortalidade, principalmente nas faixas etárias mais elevadas (acima de 60 anos) e a diminuição da fecundidade resultaram em um aumento relativo e absoluto da população de idosos. De 1.900 a 2.025 a população brasileira terá sido multiplicada por cinco e o segmento de pessoas com mais de 60 anos terá o seu número multiplicado por quinze, fazendo com que em 2.025 a população de brasileiros com mais de 60 anos ultrapasse 13% da população, ou seja, um contingente de mais de 33 milhões de pessoas.
Effect of Finishing and Polishing on the Surface Roughness and Gloss of Feldspathic Ceramic for Chairside CAD/CAM Systems
Authors: Carrabba M , Vichi A , Vultaggio G , Pallari S , Paravina R , Ferrari M 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARYObjectives: To evaluate surface roughness and gloss of feldspathic ceramic blocks for chairside CAD/CAM systems before and after finishing and polishing.Methods: VITA Mark II ceramic blocks for the CEREC CAD/CAM system were cut perpendicularly in order to obtain a total of 70 specimens (14 × 18 × 3 mm). The flat surface was roughened using a grinder/polisher with dry 120-grit silicone-carbide paper. Surface roughness and gloss were measured using a digital profilometer (Ra) and a glossmeter (GU), respectively. Specimens were randomly divided into seven groups (n=10) based on the finishing/polishing system as follows: 1) Identoflex NGPorcelain Polisher (INP), 2) Identoflex Diamond Ceramic Polisher (IDP), 3) Hiluster Polishing System (HPS), 4) OptraFine (OF), 5) Identoflex Lucent (IL), 6) VITA Akzent Glaze Spray (AGS), and 7) VITA Shading Paste and Liquid (SPL). Surface analysis was repeated after the finishing/polishing treatment, and the obtained data were compared to the baseline in order to evaluate the ΔRa and ΔGU. Results were statistically analyzed. The surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy.Results: The mean surface roughness of polished systems increased in the order (statistical groups designated) SPLa &lt; ILa &lt; OFab &lt; IDPbc &lt; AGSbc &lt; INPbc &lt; HPSc and mean gloss decreased in the order AGSa &gt; SPLa &gt; OFab &gt; ILabc &gt; HPSbcd &gt; INPcd &gt; IDPd.Conclusions: The smoothest surface of CAD/CAM feldspathic ceramic blocks was achieved using the furnace-based glaze systems VITA Akzent Glaze Spray and VITA Shading Paste and Liquid and manual systems Identoflex Lucent and OptraFine.
Efficacy of Home-use Bleaching Agents Delivered in Customized or Prefilled Disposable Trays: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Carlos NR , Bridi EC , Amaral FLB , França FMG , Turssi CP , Basting RT 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARY
The purpose of this study was to evaluate bleaching methods containing hydrogen peroxide (HP) or carbamide peroxide (CP), dispensed in customized or prefilled trays, in terms of color change, tooth sensitivity, gingival irritation, acceptance, and comfort. Seventy-five volunteers were randomly selected and distributed according to the whitening agent (n=25): 10% HP dispensed in prefilled trays (Opalescence Go 10%) and 9.5% HP (Pola Day) and 10% CP both delivered in customized trays (Opalescence PF 10%). HP was applied for 30 min/d for 14 days (d), and CP for 8 h/d for 14 days. Evaluations were performed at baseline and at 7 days and 14 days of treatment. Color change was measured with Commission internationale de l'éclairage color coordinates (L*, a*, b*), Vita Classical, and 3D Master scales. A visual analog scale was used to assess tooth sensitivity, acceptance of the method and degree of comfort of the tray. Gingival irritation was evaluated as present or absent and localized or generalized. Regarding gingival irritation, tray acceptance, and tooth sensitivity, no differences were observed among the groups at any time (p&gt;0.05). As for degree of comfort, 10% HP showed lower scores (comfortable) than 10% CP, with significant differences (p&lt;0.05) from the other groups (comfortable to very comfortable). In terms of ΔL, Δa, and ΔE, no difference was observed among the groups or between the time periods (p&gt;0.05). The Δb average was higher at 14 days (p&lt;0.05), and there was no difference among the groups (p&gt;0.05). Localized gingival irritation was observed in both tray methods. Mild tooth sensitivity was observed with time, regardless of the bleaching agent concentration or the application time. Color change was similar for all the groups at 7 days and 14 days, but there was a greater reduction in the yellow hue at 14 days. All the bleaching methods were highly accepted and effective in promoting whitening. Although prefilled trays are generally comfortable, they proved less comfortable than customized trays.
Geographic variation in resistance to nectar robbing and consequences for pollination
Authors: Adler Lynn S. , Leege Lissa M. , Irwin Rebecca E. 
Published: October 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Floral evolution is frequently ascribed to selection by pollinators, but may also be shaped by antagonists. However, remarkably few studies have examined geographic mosaics in resistance to floral antagonists or the consequences for other floral interactions.METHODS:Gelsemium sempervirensexperiences frequent nectar robbing in northern Georgia, but rarely in southern Georgia. We conducted common‐garden experiments in both locations using genotypes from each region and measured robbing, pollinator attraction, floral attractive and defensive traits, and plant reproduction.KEY RESULTS:Nectar robbing was more than four times higher in the north vs. south, and pollinator visits did not differ between gardens. Across both gardens, northern genotypes were half as likely to be nectar‐robbed but received half as many pollinator visits as southern genotypes, suggesting evolution of resistance to robbing at a cost of reduced pollinator attraction. Plant‐level traits, such as height and number of flowers, were more closely associated with resistance to robbing than floral size, shape, or chemistry. Northern genotypes had lower female and estimated male reproduction compared to southern genotypes at both locations, which could be due to costs of resistance to nectar robbing, or costs of adaptations to other biotic or abiotic differences between regions.CONCLUSIONS:Our study indicates that geographic variation can play a strong role structuring interactions with floral antagonists and mutualists and provides evidence consistent with the hypothesis that local resistance to nectar robbing imposes costs in terms of decreased pollinator attraction and reproduction.
Prezygotic resource‐allocation dynamics and reproductive trade‐offs in Calymperaceae (Bryophyta)
Authors: Pereira Marta R. , Dambros Cristian S. , Zartman Charles E. 
Published: October 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Resource allocation is difficult to characterize in plants because of the challenges of quantifying gametes and propagules. We surveyed six sympatric, unisexual species in the family Calymperaceae (Bryophyta) to test for trade‐offs in prezygotic sexual and asexual expression and density‐dependent survivorship of female gametangia.METHODS:We tallied gametangial and asexual propagule output for 1820 shoots from 17 populations of six species at monthly intervals during one year (2010–2011) in a central Amazonian forest. Generalized linear mixed models were used to test for trade‐offs in sexual and asexual expression and density‐dependent senescence probability of gametangia. Precipitation and microsite variables were also included in the model.KEY RESULTS:For all species, sexual and asexual expression were positively correlated with mean monthly precipitation. Asexually expressing shoots produced significantly fewer gametangia than nonexpressing ones, and the probability of senescence increased with shoot density. Archegonium density per shoot was also consistently lower than the modeled optimum to maximize the number of receptive archegonia.CONCLUSIONS:Trade‐offs among reproductive strategies and positive density‐dependent senescence of female gametangia suggest that prezygotic sexual and asexual expression come at a tangible investment. However, the apparently inefficient resource‐allocation dynamics in the production of female gametangia makes the possible advantages of squandering such investments unclear. One possibility is that the study populations, like those of many dioicous mosses, are skewed toward expressing females with low sporophyte production, which would suggest that asexual reproduction predominates and upstages efficient resource allocation in prezygotic investment.
X-RAY FLASHES IN RECURRENT NOVAE: M31N 2008-12a AND THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE SWIFT NONDETECTION
Authors: Kato Mariko , Saio Hideyuki , Henze Martin , Ness Jan-Uwe , Osborne Julian P. , Page Kim L. , Darnley Matthew J. , Bode Michael F. , Shafter Allen W. , Hernanz Margarita , Gehrels Neil , Kennea Jamie , Hachisu Izumi 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Models of nova outbursts suggest that an X-ray flash should occur just after hydrogen ignition. However, this X-ray flash has never been observationally confirmed. We present four theoretical light curves of the X-ray flash for two very massive white dwarfs (WDs) of 1.380 and 1.385

and for two recurrence periods of 0.5 and 1 yr. The duration of the X-ray flash is shorter for a more massive WD and for a longer recurrence period. The shortest duration of 14 hr (0.6 days) among the four cases is obtained for the

WD with a 1 yr recurrence period. In general, a nova explosion is relatively weak for a very short recurrence period, which results in a rather slow evolution toward the optical peak. This slow timescale and the predictability of very short recurrence period novae give us a chance to observe X-ray flashes of recurrent novae. In this context, we report the first attempt, using the Swift observatory, to detect an X-ray flash of the recurrent nova M31N 2008-12a (0.5 or 1 yr recurrence period), which resulted in the nondetection of X-ray emission during the period of 8 days before the optical detection. We discuss the impact of these observations on nova outburst theory. The X-ray flash is one of the last frontiers of nova studies, and its detection is essential for understanding the pre-optical-maximum phase. We encourage further observations.
PROBING THE INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM AND STAR FORMATION OF THE MOST LUMINOUS QUASAR AT z = 6.3
Authors: Wang Ran , Wu Xue-Bing , Neri Roberto , Fan Xiaohui , Walter Fabian , Carilli Chris L. , Momjian Emmanuel , Bertoldi Frank , Strauss Michael A. , Li Qiong , Wang Feige , Riechers Dominik A. , Jiang Linhua , Omont Alain , Wagg Jeff , Cox Pierre 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We report new IRAM/PdBI, JCMT/SCUBA-2, and VLA observations of the ultraluminous quasar SDSS J010013.02+280225.8 (hereafter, J0100+2802) at z = 6.3, which hosts the most massive supermassive black hole (SMBH),

, that is known at z > 6. We detect the [C ii] 158 μm fine structure line and molecular CO(6-5) line and continuum emission at 353, 260, and 3 GHz from this quasar. The CO(2-1) line and the underlying continuum at 32 GHz are also marginally detected. The [C ii] and CO detections suggest active star formation and highly excited molecular gas in the quasar host galaxy. The redshift determined with the [C ii] and CO lines shows a velocity offset of

from that measured with the quasar Mg ii line. The CO (2-1) line luminosity provides a direct constraint on the molecular gas mass, which is about

. We estimate the FIR luminosity to be

, and the UV-to-FIR spectral energy distribution of J0100+2802 is consistent with the templates of the local optically luminous quasars. The derived [C ii]-to-FIR luminosity ratio of J0100+2802 is 0.0010 ± 0.0002, which is slightly higher than the values of the most FIR luminous quasars at z ∼ 6. We investigate the constraint on the host galaxy dynamical mass of J0100+2802 based on the [C ii] line spectrum. It is likely that this ultraluminous quasar lies above the local SMBH–galaxy mass relationship, unless we are viewing the system at a small inclination angle.
Devenir un enfant en danger, épreuves d’âge et de statut
Authors: Perrot Adeline 
Published: October 2016

Partant d’une ethnographie sur la définition publique de la catégorie de « mineurs isolés étrangers » en France, l’auteure cherche à éclairer les logiques d’assignation autour de la frontière entre minorité et majorité. Face à ces deux régimes juridiques aux issues contrastées, les opérateurs de jugement et les mijeurs s’inscrivent dans la réalisation d’une limite d’âge difficilement saisissable. L’article fait apparaître les normes relatives à la protection de l’enfance et à la place accordée aux enfants dans la société, par leur opposition naturalisée au monde adulte.
Financement du terrorisme et blanchiment de capitaux : liaisons dangereuses ou manipulations d’État ?
Authors: Compin Frédéric 
Published: October 2016

Assimiler le financement du terrorisme au blanchiment de capitaux soulève de nombreuses interrogations sur la pertinence de cette relation en raison du faible coût de préparation des attentats et de divergences profondes entre les profils des terroristes par nature reclus et des criminels financiers par essence inclus dans la société. Faut-il voir dans cette association une manipulation utilitariste visant à instaurer une démarche sécuritaire préventive ou le moyen d’annihiler tout esprit critique d’un capitalisme criminogène inducteur de fraude fiscale ?
Esthétique et politique de la résistance au travail dans Les Temps modernes
Authors: Debenedetti Stéphane , Huault Isabelle , Perret Véronique 
Published: October 2016

Résumé La mobilisation d'une œuvre artistique peut-elle élargir l'horizon des recherches sur les organisations et le travail ? Partant de l'analyse de la figure classique de Charlot au travail dans Les Temps modernes , cet article propose de renouveler le regard posé sur la question de la résistance au travail à travers un film de fiction. En nous appuyant sur la philosophie de Jacques Rancière consacrée au « régime esthétique » de l'art, nous suggérons que les gestes de détournement de Charlot au travail reviennent à ignorer une certaine forme de nécessité qui le forcerait à « rester à sa place », affirmant ainsi une égalité de principe plutôt qu'une rébellion « contre » un ordre dominant. Cette résistance-affirmation, à la fois minuscule et universelle, à l'image du personnage de Charlot lui-même, offre un nouveau regard sur les formes et enjeux de la résistance au travail.
Continuous Curvilinear Capsulorhexis Performed With the VERUS Ophthalmic Caliper
Authors: Kahook Malik Y. , Cionni Robert J. , Taravella Michael J. , Ang Robert E. , Waite Aaron N. , Solomon Jonathan D. , Uy Harvey S. 
Published: October 2016

PURPOSE:
To compare size, circularity, and centration outcomes of continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) performed with or without assistance from the VERUS ophthalmic caliper (Mile High Ophthalmics, Denver, CO).

METHODS:
This was a multicenter retrospective consecutive case controlled series review.

RESULTS:

Data from 40 consecutive cases using the VERUS device for CCC were compared to 40 consecutive cases with standard manual CCC. VERUS-assisted CCC size, circularity, and centration were closer to target compared to that of manual only procedures (
P
< .05). The average time from initiation to completion of the capsulotomy was shorter with manual (40 ± 11 seconds) compared to VERUS-assisted (71 ± 13 seconds) cases (
P
< .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:
The VERUS ophthalmic caliper is effective at improving size, circularity, and centration of the CCC in a time-efficient manner when compared to manual procedures performed without VERUS guidance.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(10):654–658.]
Level of PAX5 in differential diagnosis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Bharti Brij , Shukla Sachin , Tripathi Ratnakar , Mishra Suman , Kumar Mohan , Pandey Manoj , Mishra Rajnikant 
Published: October 2016

Background & objectives:
The PAX5, a paired box transcription factor and B-cell activator protein (BSAP), activates B-cell commitment genes and represses non-B-cell lineage genes. About 14 transcript variants of PAX5 have been observed in human. Any alteration in its expression pattern leads to lymphogenesis or associated diseases and carcinogenesis in non-lymphoid tissues. Its mechanisms of function in pathophysiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) are unclear. This study was intended to explore influence of PAX5 in cascade of NHL pathogenesis and diagnosis.

Methods:
Samples of 65 patients were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for cellular localization of PAX5, CD19, CD3, cABL, p53, Ras and Raf and by TUNEL assay, RNA-isolation and reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR, Western blot analysis, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) specific staining.

Results:
B-cell type NHL patients were positive for PAX5, p53, Ras, CD19, Raf and CD3. All of them showed TUNEL-positive cells. The differential expression pattern of PAX5, CD19, p53, CD3, ZAP70, HIF1α, Ras, Raf and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) at the levels of transcripts and proteins was observed. The LDH assay showed modulation of LDH4 and LDH5 isoforms in the lymph nodes of NHL patients.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The histological observations suggested that the patients represent diverse cases of NHL like mature B-cell type, mature T-cell type and high grade diffuse B-cell type NHL. The findings indicate that patients with NHL may also be analyzed for status of PAX5, CD19 and ZAP70, and their transcriptional and post-translational variants for the differential diagnosis of NHL and therapy.
Evaluation of HER2/neu oncoprotein in serum & tissue samples of women with breast cancer
Authors: Shukla Shailaja , Singh Bhawana Komal , Pathania Om Prakash , Jain Manjula 
Published: October 2016

Background & objectives:
The proto-oncogene HER2/neu has been extensively studied in breast cancer patients. Serum levels of HER2/neu by ELISA in breast cancer patients were compared with tissue HER2/neu expression and with other clinicopathological parameters with the aim to investigate whether the serum assay could replace the established tests (IHC/FISH) for HER-2 status.

Methods:
Blood and Tru-cut biopsy samples were collected for determining HER2/neu status in 64 breast cancer patients. The tissue specimens were processed routinely and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for HER2/ER/PR (oestrogen/progesterone receptors) performed. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on all HER2/neu 2 positive cases. Sixty age matched healthy females and females with benign breast disease were taken as controls for ELISA.

Results:
Of the 64 breast cancer cases, 25 (39.1%) had elevated serum HER2/neu levels accompanied with increased tissue expression of HER2/neu receptors. On IHC, HER2/neu score was 3+ in 24 (37.5%) cases, 2+ in three (4.6%), 1+ in 18 (28.1%); while 19 cases (29.7%) showed no HER2/neu expression. Of the three 2+ cases on IHC, two showed amplification on FISH. Twenty one (32.8%) patients were ER positive and 17 (26.6%) were PR positive. There was a significant correlation (P<0.001) of serum HER2 concentration with tumour size, lymph node involvement, stage of disease and histological grade. Serum HER2/neu levels showed a negative correlation with ER status (P=0.047) but no correlation with PR status.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The results suggest that elevated serum HER2 level was associated with a clinicopathological aggressive phenotype of breast carcinoma and was related to tissue HER2 overexpression. Therefore, serum HER2 may be useful for monitoring the course of the disease and response to treatment.
Predictors for progression of metastatic prostate cancer to castration-resistant prostate cancer in Indians
Authors: Sureka Sanjoy Kumar , Maheshwari Ruchir , Agnihotri Shalini , Mitash Nilay , Ahmad Shamim , Mandhani Anil 
Published: October 2016

Background & objectives:
There is lack of data on natural history and progression of prostate cancer (PC) which have implications in the management of the disease. We undertook this retrospective study to analyze factors predicting progression of metastatic PC to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in Indian men.

Methods:
Complete records of 223 of the 489 patients with metastatic PC were obtained from computerized data based system in a tertiary care hospital in north India between January 2000 to June 2012. Patients with follow up of < 6 months were excluded. Age (≤ and > 65 yr), baseline PSA (< and ≥ 50 ng/ml), bone scan and Gleason score (≤7 and >7) were recorded. Extent of bone disease (EOD) was stratified according to the number of bone lesions i.e., < 5, 5-10, > 10. CRPC was defined as two consecutive PSA rise of > 50 per cent from nadir or an absolute value of > 5 ng/ml.

Results:
Mean age of patients was 61.5 ± 12.45 yr and their PSA level was 325.6 ± 631.35 ng/dl. Of the 223 patients, 193 (86%) progressed to CRPC at median time of 10.7 (4-124) months. Median follow up was 24 (6-137) months. On univariate and multivariate analyses EOD on bone scan was found to be a significant predictor (P=0.006) for time to CRPC. Median time to CRPC was 10 months (CI 95%, 7.5-12.48) with >10 lesions or super scan versus 16 months (CI 95%, 10.3-21.6) with <10 bone lesion (P=0.01). Ninety (46.6 %) patients of CRPC died with median time to death from time of CRPC 21 (10-120) months.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Median time for progression of metastatic PC to CRPC ranged from 10-16 months depending on the extent of the bone involvement. In Indians, the aggressive course of advanced prostate cancer warrants further clinical trials to explore the need for additional treatment along with initial castration.