bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online evaluation in Mathematics courses with iTest: assessment of students learning from pre-school through college
Authors: Joglar Nuria , Martín Diego , Colmenar José Manuel 
Published: January 2016

<p>iTest es una herramienta de evaluación online diseñada y desarrollada por el grupo de investigación HEOL (Herramientas de Evaluación On Line) compuesto por profesores de la Escuela en Ingeniería Técnica en Informática de Sistemas del CES Felipe II de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid y por profesores de la Facultad de Informática de la citada universidad. En este artículo, se describen y analizan los resultados de las pruebas más relevantes preparadas y llevadas a cabo por miembros de este grupo en diversas aulas de matemáticas. Las pruebas no solamente se han realizado con estudiantes universitarios, también han participado alumnos y profesores de distintas escuelas de educación infantil y primaria, así como de institutos de educación secundaria de la localidad de Aranjuez (Madrid). Para poder realizar este proyecto con éxito, se han impartido seminarios de formación de profesores a través del Centro de Formación de Profesores de Aranjuez.</p>
Implementación de sistemas de control borroso en actividades académicas dirigidas en las Escuelas de Ingeniería
Authors: Pulido Calvo Inmaculada , Gutiérrez-Estrada Juan Carlos , Martí Pau , De la Rosa Ignacio 
Published: January 2016

<p>Como propuesta de trabajo práctico dirigido se ha planteado el diseño, desarrollo e implementación de un sistema experto que permite la simulación de modelos de lógica borrosa o difusa. Este sistema experto se ha utilizado en la resolución de un problema de ingeniería real, la regulación automática de los caudales de entrada de agua en balsas de plantas de acuicultura semi-intensiva (esteros mejorados). El objetivo fundamental de esta regulación es controlar la calidad del agua en las balsas de producción. El desarrollo de esta actividad académica en los programas docentes de materias de algunos grados y másteres de Ingeniería ha mostrado la consecución por parte del alumno de: (a) objetivos referentes a la adquisición de conocimientos teóricos y prácticos; (b) objetivos referentes a capacidades o habilidades; y (c) objetivos referentes a actitudes.</p>
Anomalous restoration of graphitic layers from graphene oxide in ethanol environment at ultrahigh temperature using solar furnace
Authors: Ishida Takashi , Miyata Yuichiro , Shinoda Yoshihiko , Kobayashi Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The restoration of graphitic structures from defective graphene oxide was examined in a reactive ethanol environment at ultrahigh temperatures. Structural analysis by Raman spectroscopy indicates that turbostratic structures as well as high crystallinity in multilayer graphene were accomplished by an ultrahigh-temperature process in an ethanol environment. This phenomenon is quite anomalous since it is in striking contrast to the results observed in inert environments, where graphitization proceeds significantly to form a Bernal stacking multilayer graphene. The suppression of graphitization in ethanol environments is probably caused by the simultaneous supply of carbon and etching species during the restoration process.
Effects of microwave and oxygen plasma treatments on capacitive characteristics of supercapacitor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Dulyaseree Paweena , Yordsri Visittapong , Wongwiriyapan Winadda 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The effects of microwave and oxygen plasma treatments on the capacitive characteristics of a supercapacitor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were investigated. MWNTs were heat-treated under air ambient at 500 °C for 1 h, and subsequently microwave-treated at 650 W for 70 s (m-MWNTs). Another batch of MWNTs was treated by oxygen plasma for 30 min (p-MWNTs). Pristine MWNTs, m-MWNTs, and p-MWNTs were separately used as electrode materials for supercapacitors. Their cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results were analyzed. The p-MWNTs show the best performance with a specific capacitance of 238.23 F·g−1. The capacitance improvement is attributed to the increase in the number of oxygen-containing functional groups, as evidenced by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and contact angle measurement. These results suggest that oxygen plasma treatment is a rapid and efficient method for oxygen functionalization.
Fabrication of lead halide perovskite solar cells by annealing spin-coated PbI2 thin films in CH3NH3I vapor
Authors: Ebe Hinako , Araki Hideaki 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Lead halide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) solar cells possess numerous useful properties, such as appropriate direct bandgaps and high absorption coefficients, and these cells have recently attracted considerable attention owing to their excellent photovoltaic performance and low cost. In this study, perovskite layers intended for use as light-absorbing materials were fabricated by annealing spin-coated PbI2 thin-films in CH3NH3I vapor while assessing the effects of varying the annealing temperature. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that perovskite began to form at temperatures above 140 °C, with the PbI2 peak completely disappearing above 160 °C. In addition, scanning electron microscopy observations confirmed that the grain size increased with increasing annealing temperature. Solar cells fabricated using perovskite thin-films grown at 140–150 °C for 4 h exhibited a power conversion efficiency of more than 4%.
A comparison of atmospheric effects on differential phase for a two‐element antenna array and nearby site test interferometer
Authors: Morabito David D. , D'Addario Larry , Finley Susan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPhased arrays of reflector antennas can be used to obtain effective area and gain that are much larger than is practical with a single antenna. This technique is routinely used by NASA for receiving weak signals from deep space. Phase alignment of the signals can be disrupted by turbulence in the troposphere, which causes fluctuations in the differences of signal delays among the antennas. At the Deep Space Network stations, site test interferometers (STIs) are being used for long‐term monitoring of these delay fluctuations using signals from geostationary satellites. In this paper, we compare the STI measurements with the phase variations seen by a nearby two‐element array of 34 m diameter antennas tracking 8.4 GHz and 32 GHz signals from the Cassini spacecraft in orbit around Saturn. It is shown that the statistics of the STI delay fluctuations, after appropriate scaling for differences in antenna separation and elevation angle and conversion to phase at the spacecraft frequencies, provide reliable estimates of the phase fluctuations seen by the large antennas on the deep space signal. Techniques for adaptive compensation of the phase fluctuations are available when receiving a sufficiently strong signal, but compensation is often impractical or impossible when using the array for transmitting. These results help to validate the use of long‐term STI data for assessing the feasibility of large transmitting arrays at various sites.
Möbius Aromatic Core‐Modified Heterocyclic [20] Macrocycles (4.1.1) with a Protruding N‐Methyl Pyrrole Ring
Authors: Mallick Abhijit , Rath Harapriya 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHerein, we report the first synthesis of an unorthodox tripyrrane moiety from the regioselective β‐benzoylation of pyrrole and the acid‐catalyzed condensation of the desired precursors. A [3+1] Mac Donald type condensation strategy for this tripyrrane has led to the exclusive isolation of two hitherto‐unknown aromatic [20] heterocyclic macrocycles (4.1.1).
A Periodic Walk through a Series of First‐Row, Oxido‐Bridged, Heterodimetallic Molecules: Synthesis and Structure
Authors: Goggins Eric M. , Lekich Travis T. , Weare Walter W. , Sommer Roger D. , Ribeiro Marcos A. , Pinheiro Carlos B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA series of heterodimetallic molecules, centered around an LTi=O→M2+L′ (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn) core, are described. Each of these complexes are structurally similar, with L = tmtaa and L′ = Py5Me2. The Ti=O→M linkage is slightly bent, varying from 157° (Mn) to 170° (Zn), with bond lengths typical of a dative bond between the Ti=O group and the M2+ center. The relative strength of the heterodimetallic linkage is correlated with the Lewis acidity of the M2+ precursor, with Mn2+ showing the strongest interaction and Ni2+ the weakest. By varying the metal identity the electrochemical properties of the molecules can be tuned, along with the M3+/2+ redox couple. This series of complexes provide a platform for studying structure/function relationships in heterodimetallic molecules linked through a single atom. For instance, spectroscopic features such as IR stretching frequencies can be roughly correlated with structural features such as bond lengths and angles.
Stereoselective Synthesis of (Sulfonimidoyl)cyclopropanes with (R)‐PhSO(NTs)CH2Cl and α,β‐Unsaturated Weinreb Amides: Tuning the of Selectivity between C–Cl and C–S Bond Cleavage
Authors: Shen Xiao , Liu Qinghe , Zhang Wei , Hu Jinbo 
Published: January 2016

Abstract(Sulfonimidoyl)cyclopropanes have become the subject of special interest since they combine the advantages of two chemical leads (cyclopropane and sulfoximine). However, their synthesis is limited, and the stereoselective synthesis of optically enriched (sulfonimidoyl)cyclopropanes still remains an unsolved task. Here we report the first stereoselective (sulfonimidoyl)cyclopropanation reaction using α,β‐unsaturated Weinreb amides and (R)‐PhSO(NTs)CH2Cl [(R)‐1]. This reaction possesses a broad substrate scope, and the products can be easily transformed into other useful cyclopropyl‐containing and/or sulfonimidoyl‐containing compounds. The Weinreb amide group and the counter cation of the base were found to be important for the selective C–Cl bond cleavage.
Don'tForget …
Authors: Güntürkün Onur 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn everyday life we are continually confronted with situations where previously learned information is no longer valid — a phenomenon that psychologists refer to as “extinction learning”. Researchers are seeking to understand the associated mechanisms at behavioural, neural and clinical level, using pigeons and humans as models. In the long term this research could help us to develop better treatments for phobia patients.
Excellence Initiative: We Take it Literally
Authors: Strohschneider Peter 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAs we await decisions on a new federal/state initiative, it is still unclear how politicians will fulfil their mandate and self‐imposed goal of shaping the research system. But they have basically already committed themselves to the continuation of the principles that have made the Excellence Initiative so successful thus far: the funding of top‐level research that is open to all research fields and a science‐driven process.
Cobalt‐catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Eugenol to Vanillin and Vanillic Acid
Authors: Mao Haifang , Wang Lizhi , Zhao Feifei , Wu Jianxin , Huo Haohua , Yu Jun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA novel, simple, one‐step method of synthesizing vanillin and vanillic acid from eugenol has been developed. The method uses ligand‐ and additive‐free Co(OAc)2 ⋅ 4H2O as catalyst and molecular oxygen as oxidant to achieve catalytic process without isomerizing eugenol. Extensive screening efforts were used to optimize eugenol to obtain vanillin and vanillic acid. Under optimal conditions, the reaction provided vanillin and vanillic acid with 68.5 % and 15.2 % yields, respectively. Apart from the desired products, coniferyl alcohol 9‐methyl ether and 4‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxycinnamaldehyde as two intermediates were also detected in the reaction process. Level changes of all compounds over time were presented in the reaction. The reaction pathway from eugenol to vanillic acid was validated by conducting several control experiments. Furthermore, a possible reaction mechanism dominated by a circular redox reaction from Co(III) and Co(II) species was proposed. This method offers a potentially practical alternative for manufacturing vanillin and vanillic acid efficiently.
Facile Microwave‐assisted Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Trisubstituted Pyrazoline Derivatives Incorporating Sulfonyl Moiety
Authors: Liu Fei , Yang Jin‐Feng , Liu Hong , Wei Wen‐Zhen , Ma Yan‐Mei 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe developed an environmentally benign, convenient microwave‐assisted process for the construction of 1,3,5‐trisubstitued pyrazolines (10a∼10f, 11a∼11f, 12a∼12f, 13a∼13f). Chalcones, as the key intermedi‐ ates, were obtained by the condensation of each of appropriately substituted aromatic aldehydes (1∼4) with 4‐substituted acetophenones (5a∼5f) via a Claisen‐Schmidt reaction under the action of microwave irradiation. Cyclization of the chalcones (6a∼6f, 7a∼7f, 8a∼8f, 9a∼9f) with p‐toluene sulfonhydrazide af‐ forded 1,3,5‐trisubstitued pyrazoline derivatives using microwave‐assisted process in 25 min and 140 watt power in glycol. The structures of targeted compounds were established by IR, 1H NMR, MS and ele‐ mental analysis. The results indicate that microwave‐assisted synthetic process presents advantages in terms of enhancement in rate, decrease in reaction time, clean reaction and convenient operation.
The modulus‐based matrix splitting algorithms for a class of weakly nonlinear complementarity problems
Authors: Huang Na , Ma Changfeng 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we study a class of weakly nonlinear complementarity problems arising from the discretization of free boundary problems. By reformulating the complementarity problems as implicit fixed‐point equations based on splitting of the system matrices, we propose a class of modulus‐based matrix splitting algorithms. We show their convergence by assuming that the system matrix is positive definite. Moreover, we give several kinds of typical practical choices of the modulus‐based matrix splitting iteration methods based on the different splitting of the system matrix. Numerical experiments on two model problems are presented to illustrate the theoretical results and examine the numerical effectiveness of our modulus‐based matrix splitting algorithms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic evaluations of psychosocial interventions in cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Dieng Mbathio , Cust Anne E. , Kasparian Nadine A. , Mann Graham J. , Morton Rachael L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectiveAlthough the effectiveness of many psychosocial interventions for people with cancer has been established, one barrier to implementation in routine clinical care is a lack of data on cost‐effectiveness. We conducted a systematic review to assess the cost‐effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for improving psychological adjustment among people with cancer.MethodsA systematic review of the literature, study appraisal and narrative synthesis.ResultsEight studies involving 1668 patients were identified. Four of these reported outcomes in a cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) framework. Six studies reported psychosocial interventions to be cost‐effective for improving health‐related quality of life, mood, pain, distress or fear of cancer progression, compared with usual care. Of the six psychosocial interventions identified as cost‐effective, three were cognitive‐behavioural therapy‐based interventions, one was a nurse‐delivered telephone follow‐up plus educational group programme, one was a group‐based exercise and psychosocial intervention and one was a series of 10 face‐to‐face or telephone‐based individual support sessions delivered by a nurse. The quality of studies assessed according to the Consensus Health Economic Criteria‐list criteria was good overall; however, some studies were limited by their choice of outcome measure and omission of important categories of costs.ConclusionsSeveral psychosocial interventions, particularly those based on cognitive‐behavioural therapy, have been demonstrated to represent good value for money in cancer care. Future research should include a clear definition of the economic question, inclusion of all relevant costs, and consideration of utility‐based quality of life measures for QALY estimation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The financial impact of head and neck cancer caregiving: a qualitative study
Authors: Balfe Myles , Butow Phyllis , O'Sullivan Eleanor , Gooberman‐Hill Rachael , Timmons Aileen , Sharp Linda 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of research on the financial impacts that head and neck cancer has on caregivers.ObjectiveTo explore the overall financial impact of head and neck cancer on caregivers; to describe the factors that mitigate this impact.MethodsInterviews with 31 caregivers (mean time caring: 5.7 years).ResultsHead and neck cancer had a considerable financial impact on caregivers. It resulted in out of pocket costs and caregivers and/or their relative/friend with cancer often became under‐ or un‐employed. Caregivers with large debts or ongoing expenses appeared to be particularly vulnerable to cancer‐related financial pressures. Finance related psychological stress was prevalent, although some caregivers hid their psychological difficulties from other people. Factors which help caregivers to mitigate financial distress included having private health insurance and being able to access to medical and/or social welfare benefits.ConclusionsHead and neck cancer can cause caregivers substantial financial and psychological distress. Distress may be mitigated by providing caregivers and their households with access to welfare benefits.Implications for practiceHealth professionals should be aware that head and neck cancer can have short and long‐term financial consequences for caregivers and their families. Health professionals should refer patients and their caregivers to medical social workers who can help them with their financial issues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of the Solubility of 3,4‐Diaminofurazan (DAF) and 3,3′‐Diamino‐4,4′‐azoxyfurazan (DAAF) at Temperatures Between 293.15 K and 313.15 K
Authors: Qiu Lili , Li Yuling , Wang Zhe , Xue Min , Xu Zhibin , Meng Zihui , Ma Xiaoqin , Yi Da , Lin Zhihui 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe solubilities of 3,4‐diaminofurazan (DAF) and 3,3′‐diamino‐4,4′‐azoxyfurazan (DAAF) were investigated in water, dichloromethane, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, methanol, and acetone between 293.15 K and 313.15 K. The solubility was determined by high‐pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The solubilities of DAF and DAAF are increased with the increasing of temperature in all solvents studied. The enthalpy of solution in each solvent was calculated according to van't Hoff Equation.
Hautmalignome und immunmodulierende Antirheumatikatherapie
Authors: Burkhardt H. , Weisenseel P. , Radtke M. A. , Krüger K. 
Published: January 2016

Zusammenfassung
Es bestehen Unsicherheiten in der Einschätzung des mit der therapeutischen Immunmodulation der rheumatoiden Arthritis (RA) verbundenen Risikos einer Beeinträchtigung der protektiven Tumorimmunität. Insbesondere für Hautneoplasien sind gesteigerte Inzidenzraten aus der Transplantationsmedizin in Assoziation zur therapeutischen Immunsuppression bekannt. Diese Daten erlauben jedoch aufgrund der zur Transplantaterhaltung erforderlichen stärkeren Immunkompromittierung des Empfängers keine unmittelbare Übertragung auf die mit der RA-Therapie verbundenen Risiken der Entstehung bzw. Rezidivierung von Melanomen oder nichtmelanotischem Hautkrebs (NMSC), speziell des spinozellulären- und Basalzellkarzinoms. Die Literaturübersicht stellt die aktuelle Datenlage über den Zusammenhang zwischen der RA und ihrer Pharmakotherapie mit konventionellen synthetischen (cs) und biologischen krankheitsmodifizierenden Antirheumatika (DMARD) auf der Basis einer systematischen Recherche dar. Die Inzidenzraten für Melanome sind bei Biologika-naiven RA-Patienten im Vergleich zur Gesamtbevölkerung nicht erhöht; dagegen ist für NMSC von einer Risikoverdopplung auszugehen. Eine Biologikatherapie mit TNF-Inhibitoren beeinflusst das NMSC-Risiko nicht bzw. nur geringgradig, während das Melanomneuerkrankungsrisiko gegenüber einer Behandlung mit konventionellen csDMARD im Trend erhöht ist, ohne in allen Studien Signifikanzniveau zu erreichen. Die Datenlage zu nicht-TNF-blockierenden Biologika ist derzeit noch sehr spärlich und erlaubt bei bisher fehlenden Sicherheitssignalen keine validen Schlussfolgerungen zum Hauttumorrisiko. Eine Beachtung individueller Risiken, Empfehlungen einer suffizienten UV-Protektion und ein regelmäßiges Hautscreening dienen der Sicherheit der DMARD-Therapie.
Experiential Learning in MPA Programs: A Case for Complementarity between Internship and Service Learning Requirements
Authors: Gerlach John David , Reinagel Tyler P. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTExperiential learning is a growing practice in higher education today. Master of Public Administration (MPA) programs use experiential learning to expose students to application and reinforcement of academic theories and concepts. This most often is accomplished through a required internship. This article argues for the addition of service learning requirements to MPA curricula. A complementary relationship between internship and service learning requirements yields four primary benefits: (1) further involvement of pre-service and in-service students in experiential-learning activities; (2) additional exposure to real-life application of course concepts; (3) better and more targeted classroom reinforcement mechanisms; and (4) additional community benefit. Complementarity between internship and service learning requirements allows the best of each experiential-learning approach to augment the other. We contend that this produces better-prepared MPA graduates by exposing them to a more diverse set of immersive learning opportunities and application scenarios.
On the Ethics of Crowdsourced Research
Authors: Williamson Vanessa 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis article examines the ethics of crowdsourcing in social science research, with reference to my own experience using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk. As these types of research tools become more common in scholarly work, we must acknowledge that many participants are not one-time respondents or even hobbyists. Many people work long hours completing surveys and other tasks for very low wages, relying on those incomes to meet their basic needs. I present my own experience of interviewing Mechanical Turk participants about their sources of income, and I offer recommendations to individual researchers, social science departments, and journal editors regarding the more ethical use of crowdsourcing.