bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topological gapless phase in Kitaev model on square lattice
Authors: Wang P. , Lin S. , Zhang G. , Song Z. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe study the topological feature of gapless states in the fermionic Kitaev model on a square lattice. There are two types of gapless states which are topologically trivial and nontrivial. We show that the topological gapless phase lives in a wide two-dimensional parameter region and are characterized by two vertices of an auxiliary vector field de-fined in the two-dimensional momentum space, with opposite winding numbers. The isolated band touching points, as the topological defects of the field, move, emerge, and disappear as the parameters vary. The band gap starts to open only at the merg-ing points, associated with topologically trivial gapless states. The symmetry protect-ing the topological gapless phase and the robustness under perturbations are also discussed.
Simultaneously improving the mechanical and electrical properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) composites by high-quality graphitic nanoribbons
Authors: Yang Ming , Weng Lin , Zhu Hanxing , Zhang Fan , Fan Tongxiang , Zhang Di 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown great potential for enhancing the performance of polymer matrices, their reinforcement role still needs to be further improved. Here we implement a structural modification of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs) to fully utilize their fascinating mechanical and electrical properties via longitudinal splitting of MWCNTs into graphitic nanoribbons (GNRs). This nanofiller design strategy is advantageous for surface functionalization, strong interface adhesion as well as boosting the interfacial contact area without losing the intrinsic graphitic structure. The obtained GNRs have planar geometry, quasi-1D structure and high-quality crystallinity, which outperforms their tubular counterparts, delivering a superior load-bearing efficiency and conductive network for realizing a synchronous improvement of the mechanical and electrical properties of a PVA-based composite. Compared to PVA/CNTs, the tensile strength, Young’s modulus and electrical conductivity of the PVA/GNR composite at a filling concentration of 3.6 vol.% approach 119.1 MPa, 5.3 GPa and 2.4 × 10−4 S m−1, with increases of 17%, 32.5% and 5.9 folds, respectively. The correlated mechanics is further rationalized by finite element analysis, the generalized shear-lag theory and the fracture mechanisms.
A Mechanistic Model of Human Recall of Social Network Structure and Relationship Affect
Authors: Omodei Elisa , Brashears Matthew E. , Arenas Alex 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe social brain hypothesis argues that the need to deal with social challenges was key to our evolution of high intelligence. Research with non-human primates as well as experimental and fMRI studies in humans produce results consistent with this claim, leading to an estimate that human primary groups should consist of roughly 150 individuals. Gaps between this prediction and empirical observations can be partially accounted for using “compression heuristics”, or schemata that simplify the encoding and recall of social information. However, little is known about the specific algorithmic processes used by humans to store and recall social information. We describe a mechanistic model of human network recall and demonstrate its sufficiency for capturing human recall behavior observed in experimental contexts. We find that human recall is predicated on accurate recall of a small number of high degree network nodes and the application of heuristics for both structural and affective information. This provides new insight into human memory, social network evolution, and demonstrates a novel approach to uncovering human cognitive operations.
The molecular dialogue between Arabidopsis thaliana and the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea leads to major changes in host carbon metabolism
Authors: Veillet Florian , Gaillard Cécile , Lemonnier Pauline , Coutos-Thévenot Pierre , La Camera Sylvain 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPhotoassimilates play crucial roles during plant-pathogen interactions, as colonizing pathogens rely on the supply of sugars from hosts. The competition for sugar acquisition at the plant-pathogen interface involves different strategies from both partners which are critical for the outcome of the interaction. Here, we dissect individual mechanisms of sugar uptake during the interaction of Arabidopsis thaliana with the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea using millicell culture insert, that enables molecular communication without physical contact. We demonstrate that B. cinerea is able to actively absorb glucose and fructose with equal capacities. Challenged Arabidopsis cells compete for extracellular monosaccharides through transcriptional reprogramming of host sugar transporter genes and activation of a complex sugar uptake system which displays differential specificity and affinity for hexoses. We provide evidence that the molecular dialogue between Arabidopsis cells and B. cinerea triggers major changes in host metabolism, including apoplastic sucrose degradation and consumption of carbohydrates and oxygen, suggesting an enhanced activity of the glycolysis and the cellular respiration. We conclude that beside a role in sugar deprivation of the pathogen by competing for sugar availability in the apoplast, the enhanced uptake of hexoses also contributes to sustain the increased activity of respiratory metabolism to fuel plant defences.
Protein-Structure Assisted Optimization of 4,5-Dihydroxypyrimidine-6-Carboxamide Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Endonuclease
Authors: Beylkin Diane , Kumar Gyanendra , Zhou Wei , Park Jaehyeon , Jeevan Trushar , Lagisetti Chandraiah , Harfoot Rhodri , Webby Richard J. , White Stephen W. , Webb Thomas R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInfluenza is a serious hazard to human health that causes hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. Though vaccines and current therapeutics can blunt some of the perilous impact of this viral infection, new treatments are needed due to the constantly evolving nature of this virus. Recently, our growing understanding of an essential influenza viral protein, PA, has led to the development of focused libraries of new small molecules that specifically target the active site of the PA influenza endonuclease, which we report here. Our overarching approach has been to proactively develop lead inhibitors that are less likely to rapidly develop clinical resistance by optimizing inhibitors that retain activity against induced resistant mutants. Here, we report details behind the discovery of new potent inhibitors of wild type and resistant mutant endonucleases along with their high-resolution co-crystal structure-activity relationships. These results add to our understanding of nuclease protein targets and potentially serve as starting points for a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of influenza.
Experimental nonlocality-based network diagnostics of multipartite entangled states
Authors: Ciampini Mario A. , Vigliar Caterina , Cimini Valeria , Paesani Stefano , Sciarrino Fabio , Crespi Andrea , Corrielli Giacomo , Osellame Roberto , Mataloni Paolo , Paternostro Mauro , Barbieri Marco 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe introduce a novel diagnostic scheme for multipartite networks of entangled particles, aimed at assessing the quality of the gates used for the engineering of their state. Using the information gathered from a set of suitably chosen multiparticle Bell tests, we identify conditions bounding the quality of the entangled bonds among the elements of a register. We illustrate the effectiveness of our proposal by characterizing a quantum resource engineered combining two-photon hyperentanglement and photonic-chip technology. Our approach opens up future studies on medium-sized networks due to the intrinsically modular nature of cluster states, and paves the way to section-by-section analysis of larger photonics resources.
Peroxiredoxin activity is a major landmark of male fertility
Authors: Ryu Do-Yeal , Kim Ki-Uk , Kwon Woo-Sung , Rahman Md Saidur , Khatun Amena , Pang Myung-Geol 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPeroxiredoxins (PRDXs) are important antioxidant enzymes reported to have a role in sperm function and male fertility. However, how PRDXs affects male fertility remain fundamental unanswered questions. We therefore sought to investigate the role of these enzymes in sperm function and fertilisation. In this in vitro trial, mouse spermatozoa were incubated with different concentrations of conoidin A (1, 10, or 100 µM), a specific inhibitor of PRDXs. Our results demonstrated that inhibition of PRDXs by conoidin A significantly decreased the oxidized form of peroxiredoxins (PRDXs-SO3) in spermatozoa. Decreased PRDX activity was associated with a significant reduction in sperm motility parameters, viability, and intracellular ATP, whereas ROS levels, DNA fragmentation, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were increased. Simultaneously capacitation and the acrosome reaction were also significantly inhibited perhaps as a consequence of decreased tyrosine phosphorylation and protein kinase-A activity. In addition, fertilisation and early embryonic development were adversely affected following PRDXs inhibition in spermatozoa. Taken together, our data demonstrate that decreased PRDX activity directly affects male fertility due to negative effects on important functions and biochemical properties of spermatozoa, ultimately leading to poor fertilisation and embryonic development.
Profiling invasive Plasmodium falciparum merozoites using an integrated omics approach
Authors: Kumar Krishan , Srinivasan Prakash , Nold Michael J. , Moch J. Kathleen , Reiter Karine , Sturdevant Dan , Otto Thomas D. , Squires R. Burke , Herrera Raul , Nagarajan Vijayaraj , Rayner Julian C. , Porcella Stephen F. , Geromanos Scott J. , Haynes J. David , Narum David L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe symptoms of malaria are brought about by blood-stage parasites, which are established when merozoites invade human erythrocytes. Our understanding of the molecular events that underpin erythrocyte invasion remains hampered by the short-period of time that merozoites are invasive. To address this challenge, aPlasmodium falciparumgamma-irradiated long-lived merozoite (LLM) line was developed and investigated. Purified LLMs invaded erythrocytes by an increase of 10–300 fold compared to wild-type (WT) merozoites. Using an integrated omics approach, we investigated the basis for the phenotypic difference. Only a few single nucleotide polymorphisms within theP.falciparumgenome were identified and only marginal differences were observed in the merozoite transcriptomes. By contrast, using label-free quantitative mass-spectrometry, a significant change in protein abundance was noted, of which 200 were proteins of unknown function. We determined the relative molar abundance of over 1100 proteins in LLMs and further characterized the major merozoite surface protein complex. A unique processed MSP1 intermediate was identified in LLM but not observed in WT suggesting that delayed processing may be important for the observed phenotype. This integrated approach has demonstrated the significant role of the merozoite proteome during erythrocyte invasion, while identifying numerous unknown proteins likely to be involved in invasion.
A web-based GPS system for displacement monitoring and failure mechanism analysis of reservoir landslide
Authors: Li Yuanyao , Huang Jinsong , Jiang Shui-Hua , Huang Faming , Chang Zhilu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt is important to monitor the displacement time series and to explore the failure mechanism of reservoir landslide for early warning. Traditionally, it is a challenge to monitor the landslide displacements real-timely and automatically. Globe Position System (GPS) is considered as the best real-time monitoring technology, however, the accuracies of the landslide displacements monitored by GPS are not assessed effectively. A web-based GPS system is developed to monitor the landslide displacements real-timely and automatically in this study. And the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is proposed to assess the accuracy of the GPS monitoring displacements. Wangmiao landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir area in China is used as case study. The results show that the web-based GPS system has advantages of high precision, real-time, remote control and automation for landslide monitoring; the Root Mean Square Errors of the monitoring landslide displacements are less than 5 mm. Meanwhile, the results also show that a rapidly falling reservoir water level can trigger the reactivation of Wangmiao landslide. Heavy rainfall is also an important factor, but not a crucial component.
Hybrid black silicon solar cells textured with the interplay of copper-induced galvanic displacement
Authors: Li Jheng-Yi , Hung Chia-Hsiang , Chen Chia-Yun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMetal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE) has been widely employed for the fabrication of regular silicon (Si) nanowire arrays. These features were originated from the directional etching of Si preferentially along <100> orientations through the catalytic assistance of metals, which could be gold, silver, platinum or palladium. In this study, the dramatic modulation of etching profiles toward pyramidal architectures was undertaken by utilizing copper as catalysts through a facile one-step etching process, which paved the exceptional way on the texturization of Si for advanced photovoltaic applications. Detailed examinations of morphological evolutions, etching kinetics and formation mechanism were performed, validating the distinct etching model on Si contributed from cycling reactions of copper deposition and dissolution under a quasi-stable balance. In addition, impacts of surface texturization on the photovoltaic performance of organic/inorganic hybrid solar cells were revealed through the spatial characterizations of voltage fluctuations upon light mapping analysis. It was found that the pyramidal textures made by copper-induced cycling reactions exhibited the sound antireflection characteristics, and further achieved the leading conversion efficiency of 10.7%, approximately 1.8 times and beyond 1.2 times greater than that of untexturized and nanowire-based solar cells, respectively.
Protective effect of mesenchymal stem cells on the pressure ulcer formation by the regulation of oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Motegi Sei-ichiro , Sekiguchi Akiko , Uchiyama Akihiko , Uehara Akihito , Fujiwara Chisako , Yamazaki Sahori , Perera Buddhini , Nakamura Hideharu , Ogino Sachiko , Yokoyama Yoko , Akai Ryoko , Iwawaki Takao , Ishikawa Osamu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCutaneous ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with the early pathogenesis of cutaneous pressure ulcers (PUs). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) injection on the formation of PUs after I/R injury and determine the underlying mechanisms. We found that the subcutaneous injection of MSCs into areas of I/R injured skin significantly suppressed the formation of PUs. I/R-induced vascular damage, hypoxia, oxidative DNA damage, and apoptosis were decreased by MSCs injection. Oxidative stress signals detected after I/R in OKD48 (Keap1-dependent oxidative stress detector, No-48-luciferase) mice were decreased by the injection of MSCs. In cultured fibroblasts, MSCs-conditioned medium significantly inhibited oxidant-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and apoptosis. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signals detected after I/R in ERAI (ER stress-activated indicator) mice were also decreased by the injection of MSCs. These results suggest that the injection of MSCs might protect against the development of PUs after cutaneous I/R injury by reducing vascular damage, oxidative cellular damage, oxidative stress, ER stress, and apoptosis.
Utility of Complete Blood Picture for Predicting In-hospital Mortality in Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Rao Dangeti , Indrani Garre , RaviKiran M. 
Published: December 2017

Background Congestive heart failure (CHF) is one of the leading causes of acute hospital admissions. Despite recent advances in heart failure therapy, prognosis is still poor, rehospitalization rate is very high, and quality of life is worse. It is important to identify patients at increased risk of adverse events. We tried to investigate role of components of complete blood picture on in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalized with heart failure.
Methods It was an observational study of consecutive patients who admitted with a diagnosis of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in the our department between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2016, age above 18 years. Ischemic cardiomyopathy was ruled by doing coronary angiograms either in this admission or previously known. Baseline investigations including complete blood picture were done and the patients were followed up till discharge or in hospital mortality.
Results A total of 74 patients (female:male::24:50) enrolled into the study (mean age 51.86 ± 13.5 years) in 12 months. A total of 8 (10.8%) patients died during hospitalization. Among the 74 heart failure patients, 24 (32.5%) had anemia. Group 1 included patients who died during index hospitalization (n = 8) and group 2 comprised patients who were discharged in a stable condition after index hospitalization (n = 66). Group 1 patients had low hemoglobin (12.34 ± 2.93 vs. 14.4 ± 0.21 g/dL, p = 0.000) and high leukocyte count (11,600 ± 2,780 vs. 9,047 ± 3,355 cells/mcL, p = 0.040) with more eosinophils (1 ± 1.06 vs. 4.16 ± 3.48%, p = 0.000) and lymphocytes (20.5 ± 0.53 vs. 17.56 ± 7.45%, p = 0.002). Regression analysis showed a significant association between low hemoglobin and low packed cell volume (PCV) with in-hospital mortality. Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) rather than mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) predicted worse outcome. There was a significantly higher risk of in-hospital mortality with increasing eosinophil count. On the other hand, there was no association between platelet count, total white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil, monocyte, or lymphocyte count with clinical outcome.
Conclusion Low hemoglobin, low PCV, and high eosinophil count have been shown to predict in-hospital mortality. Complete blood picture can, therefore, be utilized in risk-stratifying patients with ADHF due to DCM.
Search Engine Optimization: An Analysis of Rhinoplasty Web sites
Authors: Gupta Amar , Nissan Michael , Carron Michael , Zuliani Giancarlo , Rayess Hani 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Internet is the primary source of information for facial plastic surgery patients. Most patients only analyze information in the first 10 Web sites retrieved. The aim of this study was to determine factors critical for improving Web site traffic and search engine optimization. A Google search of “rhinoplasty” was performed in Michigan. The first 20 distinct Web sites originating from private sources were included. Private was defined as personal Web sites for private practice physicians. The Web sites were evaluated using SEOquake and WooRANK, publicly available programs that analyze Web sites. Factors examined included the presence of social media, the number of distinct pages on the Web site, the traffic to the Web site, use of keywords, such as rhinoplasty in the heading and meta description, average visit duration, traffic coming from search, bounce rate, and the number of advertisements. Readability and Web site quality were also analyzed using the DISCERN and Health on the Net Foundation code principles. The first 10 Web sites were compared with the latter 10 Web sites using Student's t-tests. The first 10 Web sites received a significantly lower portion of traffic from search engines than the second 10 Web sites. The first 10 Web sites also had significantly fewer tags of the keyword “nose” in the meta description of the Web site. The first 10 Web sites were significantly more reliable according to the DISCERN instrument, scoring an average of 2.42 compared with 2.05 for the second 10 Web sites (p = 0.029). Search engine optimization is critical for facial plastic surgeons as it improves online presence. This may potentially result in increased traffic and an increase in patient visits. However, Web sites that rely too heavily on search engines for traffic are less likely to be in the top 10 search results. Web site curators should maintain a wide focus for obtaining Web site traffic, possibly including advertising and publishing information in third party sources such as “RealSelf.”
Mapping local and global variability in plant trait distributions
Authors: Butler Ethan E. , Datta Abhirup , Flores-Moreno Habacuc , Chen Ming , Wythers Kirk R. , Fazayeli Farideh , Banerjee Arindam , Atkin Owen K. , Kattge Jens , Amiaud Bernard , Blonder Benjamin , Boenisch Gerhard , Bond-Lamberty Ben , Brown Kerry A. , Byun Chaeho , Campetella Giandiego , Cerabolini Bruno E. L. , Cornelissen Johannes H. C. , Craine Joseph M. , Craven Dylan , de Vries Franciska T. , Díaz Sandra , Domingues Tomas F. , Forey Estelle , González-Melo Andrés , Gross Nicolas , Han Wenxuan , Hattingh Wesley N. , Hickler Thomas , Jansen Steven , Kramer Koen , Kraft Nathan J. B. , Kurokawa Hiroko , Laughlin Daniel C. , Meir Patrick , Minden Vanessa , Niinemets Ülo , Onoda Yusuke , Peñuelas Josep , Read Quentin , Sack Lawren , Schamp Brandon , Soudzilovskaia Nadejda A. , Spasojevic Marko J. , Sosinski Enio , Thornton Peter E. , Valladares Fernando , van Bodegom Peter M. , Williams Mathew , Wirth Christian , Reich Peter B. 
Published: December 2017

Significance
Currently, Earth system models (ESMs) represent variation in plant life through the presence of a small set of plant functional types (PFTs), each of which accounts for hundreds or thousands of species across thousands of vegetated grid cells on land. By expanding plant traits from a single mean value per PFT to a full distribution per PFT that varies among grid cells, the trait variation present in nature is restored and may be propagated to estimates of ecosystem processes. Indeed, critical ecosystem processes tend to depend on the full trait distribution, which therefore needs to be represented accurately. These maps reintroduce substantial local variation and will allow for a more accurate representation of the land surface in ESMs.
‘Doing good’ in Italian through student community engagement
Authors: Bouvet Eric , Cosmini Daniela , Palaktsoglou Maria , Vanzo Lynn 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article discusses a community engagement pilot program for language students offered at Flinders University. For a number of years, the Language in Action program has provided placement opportunities for language students in a range of community settings such as aged-care agencies and cultural associations. From an educational perspective, Language in Action draws from the Deep Approach to World Language Education, which places students in charge of their learning experience and promotes meaningful interactions with communities. The program is also designed to encourage students’ prosocial behavior, contributing to developing a sense of meaning in life, relationship satisfaction, and wellbeing. Through Language in Action, students have opportunities not only to improve their language and intercultural skills in near immersion settings, but also to establish social connections with individuals from migrant groups. This article discusses the placement experiences of language students, focusing on students of Italian, in aged-care contexts. It presents the rationale of the Language in Action program in light of some core principles of Positive Psychology. It discusses the program’s implementation, preliminary data on students’ evaluations of their language development, and the sense of achievement they derive from their placements.