bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unaddressed non-energy use in the chemical industry can undermine fossil fuels phase-out
Authors: Zanon-Zotin Marianne , Baptista Luiz Bernardo , Draeger Rebecca , Rochedo Pedro R. R. , Szklo Alexandre , Schaeffer Roberto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAround 13% of fossil fuels globally are used for non-combustion purposes. Fossil fuel processing plants, such as petroleum refineries, exhibit interdependent material and energy system dynamics, making the transition away from fossil fuels in energy systems more challenging without addressing the non-energy outputs. This study explores the future role of fossil fuels for non-energy purposes in climate-stringent scenarios with restrictions on alternative feedstock availability, focusing on the primary chemicals sector. Using a global integrated assessment model with detailed refining and primary chemicals sectors, findings across various scenarios reveal that up to 62% of total feedstock use in the chemical sector could be provided by alternative sources by 2050. This would require significant scale-up in biomass utilisation and carbon capture technologies. Annual CO2 emissions from the chemical sector could be reduced to as low as −1Gt CO2 by the same year if carbon storage in non-recycled and non-incinerated bioplastics is accounted for.
Assessing the toxicity of green Agaricus bisporus-based Cadmium Sulfide nanoparticles on Musca domestica as a biological model
Authors: Elhenawy Hanan I. , Toto Noura A. , Eltaweil Abdelazeem S. , Hussein Hussein K. , Augustyniak Maria , El-Samad Lamia M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe common housefly, Musca domestica, known for transmitting over 100 infections, was studied using green-synthesized Cadmium Sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) from Agaricus bisporus. These CdS NPs were tested on third-instar larvae under laboratory conditions using dipping and feeding methods with concentrations (75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 µg/mL). The toxicity, measured by LC50, was found to be 138 µg/mL for dipping treatment and 123 µg/mL for feeding treatment. Analysis with an energy-dispersive X-ray microanalyzer confirmed Cd accumulation in the larval midgut, indicating penetration of CdS NPs into the organism, which may potentially increase their toxicity. CdS NPs caused disruptions in Heat Shock Protein 70, cell apoptosis, and various biochemical components. Scanning electron microscopy revealed morphological abnormalities in larvae, pupae, and adults exposed to CdS NPs. Ultrastructural examination showed significant midgut tissue abnormalities in larvae treated with 123 µg/mL of CdS NPs. Our study demonstrated that green-synthesized CdS NPs from A. bisporus can effectively control the development of M. domestica larvae.
Assessment of the in vitro anti-diabetic activity with molecular dynamic simulations of limonoids isolated from Adalia lemon peels
Authors: El-Feky Amal M. , Aboulthana Wael Mahmoud , El-Rashedy Ahmed A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLimonoids are important constituents of citrus that have a significant impact on promoting human health. Therefore, the primary focus of this research was to assess the overall limonoid content and isolate limonoids from Adalia lemon (Citrus limon L.) peels for their potential use as antioxidants and anti-diabetic agents. The levels of limonoid aglycones in the C. limon peel extract were quantified through a colorimetric assay, revealing a concentration of 16.53 ± 0.93 mg/L limonin equivalent. Furthermore, the total concentration of limonoid glucosides was determined to be 54.38 ± 1.02 mg/L. The study successfully identified five isolated limonoids, namely limonin, deacetylnomilin, nomilin, obacunone 17-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and limonin 17-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, along with their respective yields. The efficacy of the limonoids-rich extract and the five isolated compounds was evaluated at three different concentrations (50, 100, and 200 µg/mL). It was found that both obacunone 17-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and limonin 17-O-β-D-glucopyranoside possessed the highest antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-diabetic activities, followed by deacetylnomilin, and then the limonoids-rich extract. The molecular dynamic simulations were conducted to predict the behavior of the isolated compounds upon binding to the protein's active site, as well as their interaction and stability. The results revealed that limonin 17-O-β-D-glucopyranoside bound to the protein complex system exhibited a relatively more stable conformation than the Apo system. The analysis of Solvent Accessible Surface Area (SASA), in conjunction with the data obtained from Root-Mean-Square Deviation (RMSD), Root-Mean-Square Fluctuation (RMSF), and Radius of Gyration (ROG) computations, provided further evidence that the limonin 17-O-β-D-glucopyranoside complex system remained stable within the catalytic domain binding site of the human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA)-receptor. The research findings suggest that the limonoids found in Adalia lemon peels have the potential to be used as effective natural substances in creating innovative therapeutic treatments for conditions related to oxidative stress and disorders in carbohydrate metabolism.
Qualitative evaluation of trace elements in commercially packaged forms of tobacco using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Kripa Adlene Edith A. , Ongole Ravikiran , Unnikrishnan V. K. , Adarsh U. K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOral cancer is the most common malignancy in many developing countries, such as India, due to increased consumption of smokeless tobacco. The trace elemental components in commercially packaged forms of tobacco can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of oral cancer. To qualitatively assess the trace elements in various types of commercially packaged forms of tobacco using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Two popular varieties of ‘Paan masala’ that contained a mixture of slaked lime with areca nut, catechu, and other flavouring agents (tobacco was absent) and four types of packaged tobacco were obtained from ‘Paan’ shops. The contents in the packets were made into pellets using a hydraulic press and subjected to elemental analysis using LIBS. A ten-trial experiment was carried out on all six pellets. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database was used to assess the emission lines. The elements obtained from commercially packaged tobacco and Paan masala were similar: calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), and chromium (Cr). Substances that cause DNA damage and carcinogenesis are inorganic elements such as nickel. Our study revealed that carcinogens such as nickel are present in the commercially packaged forms of tobacco and ‘Paan masala’ samples.
Conformal structure of singularities in some varying fundamental constants bimetric cosmologies
Authors: Marosek Konrad , Balcerzak Adam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the conformal structure of singularities arising from varying fundamental constants using the method of Penrose diagrams. We employ a specific type of bimetric model featuring two different metrics. One metric describes the causal structure for matter, while the other characterizes the causal structure for gravitational interactions, which is related to variations in fundamental constants such as the gravitational constant and the speed of light. For this reason, we focused on the gravitational metric to calculate the conformal transformation and compose Penrose diagrams for the singularities arising from the varying fundamental constants. We have shown that, in one case, the parameter such as the scale factor, the density and the pressure resemble those of the finite scale factor singularity (FSF). Despite singularity appears in constant conformal time in our case and in the case of FSF the Misner-Sharp horizon looks different. Our another case is similar to sudden future singularity (SFS), but there are differences in the conformal structures. We have also shown that in our cases the behavior of Misner-Sharp horizon strongly depends on initial conditions. The last analytical solution which we introduced is identical to conformal structure of the standard exotic singularity for the matter.
Short‐term power prediction of distributed PV based on multi‐scale feature fusion with TPE‐CBiGRU‐SCA
Authors: Zou Hongbo , Yang Changhua , Ma Henrui , Zhu Suxun , Sun Jialun , Yang Jinlong , Wang Jiahao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo address the challenge of insufficient comprehensive extraction and fusion of meteorological conditions, temporal features, and power periodic features in short‐term power prediction for distributed photovoltaic (PV) farms, a TPE‐CBiGRU‐SCA model based on multiscale feature fusion is proposed. First, multiscale feature fusion of meteorological features, temporal features, and hidden periodic features is performed in PV power to construct the model input features. Second, the relationships between PV power and its influencing factors are modelled from spatial and temporal scales using CNN and Bi‐GRU, respectively. The spatiotemporal features are then weighted and fused using the SCA attention mechanism. Finally, TPE‐based hyperparameter optimization is used to refine network parameters, achieving PV power prediction for a single field station. Validation with data from a PV field station shows that this method significantly enhances feature extraction comprehensiveness through multiscale fusion at both data and model layers. This improvement leads to a reduction in MAE and RMSE by 26.03% and 38.15%, respectively, and an increase in R2 to 96.22%, representing a 3.26% improvement over other models.
Exploring the dynamical evolution of Cepheid multiplicity in star clusters and its implications for B-star multiplicity at birth
Authors: Dinnbier František , Anderson Richard I. , Kroupa Pavel 
Published: September 2024

Context. Classical Cepheid variable stars provide a unique probe of binary evolution in intermediate-mass stars over the course of several tens to hundreds of Myr. In addition, understanding binary evolution with the inclusion of cluster dynamics is desirable for obtaining a more complete picture of these stars, especially as they play a vital role in distance determinations.
Aims. We studied the binary and multiple properties of Cepheids, assuming that all mid-B stars form in binaries inside star clusters. We also estimated the birth multiplicity of mid-B stars by comparing the observed multiplicity statistics of Cepheids with models based on particular assumptions.
Methods. The clusters were modelled with the NBODY6 code, including synthetic stellar and binary evolutionary tracks. The Cepheids were identified from their position on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram.
Results. The dynamical cluster environment results in a higher binary fraction among the Cepheids that remain in star clusters (≈60%) than among the Cepheids which have escaped to the field (≈35%). The fraction of Cepheids in triples (≈30% and ≈10% in clusters and field, respectively) follows the same trend. In clusters, the binary, triple, and multiple fraction decreases with increasing cluster mass. More massive clusters have binaries of shorter orbital periods than lower mass clusters and field Cepheids. Mergers are very common with ≈30% of mid-B stars not evolving to Cepheids because of the interaction with their companion. Approximately 40% of Cepheids have merged with their companion, and the merger event impacts stellar evolution, so that ≈25% of all Cepheids occur at an age by more than 40% different than what would be expected from their mass and the current cluster age; the expected age of Cepheids can differ from the age of their host cluster. Our models predict that one in five Cepheids is the result of a merger between stars with mass below the lower mass limit for Cepheids; in clusters, these objects occur substantially later than expected from their mass. Approximately 10% of binary Cepheids have a different companion from the zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) one, and ≈3 to 5% of all Cepheids have a compact companion (≈0.15% of all Cepheids are accompanied by a black hole).
Conclusions. The binary fraction derived from our simulations (42%) underestimates the observed binary Cepheid fraction by approximately a factor of 2. This suggests that the true multiplicity fraction of B-stars at birth could be substantially larger than unity and, thus, that mid-B stars may typically form in triple and higher order systems.
Super-slowly rotating Ap (ssrAp) stars: Spectroscopic study
Authors: Mathys G. , Holdsworth D. L. , Giarrusso M. , Kurtz D. W. , Catanzaro G. , Leone F. 
Published: September 2024

Context. The fact that the rotation periods of Ap stars span five to six orders of magnitude and that the longest ones reach several hundred years represents one of the main unsolved challenges of stellar physics.
Aims. Our goal is to gain better understanding of the occurrence and properties of the longest period Ap stars.
Methods. We obtained high resolution spectra of a sample of super-slowly rotating Ap (ssrAp) star candidates identified by a TESS photometric survey to confirm that they are indeed Ap stars, to check that their projected equatorial velocities are compatible with super-slow rotation, and to obtain a first estimate of their magnetic field strengths. For the confirmed Ap stars, we determined whenever possible their mean magnetic field modulus, their mean quadratic magnetic field, and an upper limit of their projected equatorial velocities.
Results. Eighteen of the 27 stars studied are typical Ap stars; most of the other nine appear to be misclassified. One of the Ap stars is not a slow rotator; it must be seen nearly pole-on. The properties of the remaining 17 are compatible with moderately to extremely long rotation periods. Eight new stars with resolved magnetically split lines in the visible range were discovered; their mean magnetic field modulus and their mean quadratic magnetic field were measured. The mean quadratic field could also be determined in five more stars. Five spectroscopic binaries containing an Ap star, which were not previously known, were identified. Among the misclassified stars, one double-lined spectroscopic binary with two similar, sharp-lined Am components was also discovered.
Conclusions. The technique that we used to carry out a search for ssrAp star candidates using TESS data is validated. Its main limitation appears to arise from uncertainties in the spectral classification of Ap stars. The new magnetic field measurements obtained as part of this study lend further support to the tentative conclusions of our previous studies: the absence of periods Prot ≳ 150 d in stars with B0 ≳ 7.5 kG, the lower rate of occurrence of super-slow rotation for field strengths B0 ≲ 2 kG than in the range 3 kG ≲ B0 ≲ 7.5 kG, and the deficiency of slowly rotating Ap stars with (phase-averaged) field strengths between ∼2 and ∼3 kG.
Electron dynamics in neutron scattering with hydrogen atoms
Authors: Xing Mingzhao , Fu Libin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Gas targets have been used to measure the scattering length in neutron–proton (n–p) scattering experiments. Changes in electron dynamics within the gas target have a negligible effect on the dynamics of nucleons. However, electron dynamics are sensitively related to the specific form of the n–p interaction during the scattering process. We propose a theoretical approach to explore electron dynamics and determine the parameters of the n–p interaction. This approach is based on a three-body scattering process involving a neutron, a proton and an electron. Numerical results indicate significant differences in electron dynamics with varying values of n–p interaction parameters, providing additional information beyond scattering cross-sections to accurately determine these parameters.
Identify information sources with different start times in complex networks based on sparse observers
Authors: Deng 邓 Yuan-Zhang 元璋 , Hu 胡 Zhao-Long 兆龙 , Lin 林 Feilong 飞龙 , Tang 唐 Chang-Bing 长兵 , Wang 王 Hui 晖 , Huang 黄 Yi-Zhen 宜真 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The dissemination of information across various locations is an ubiquitous occurrence, however, prevalent methodologies for multi-source identification frequently overlook the fact that sources may initiate dissemination at distinct initial moments. Although there are many research results of multi-source identification, the challenge of locating sources with varying initiation times using a limited subset of observational nodes remains unresolved. In this study, we provide the backward spread tree theorem and source centrality theorem, and develop a backward spread centrality algorithm to identify all the information sources that trigger the spread at different start times. The proposed algorithm does not require prior knowledge of the number of sources, however, it can estimate both the initial spread moment and the spread duration. The core concept of this algorithm involves inferring suspected sources through source centrality theorem and locating the source from the suspected sources with linear programming. Extensive experiments from synthetic and real network simulation corroborate the superiority of our method in terms of both efficacy and efficiency. Furthermore, we find that our method maintains robustness irrespective of the number of sources and the average degree of network. Compared with classical and state-of-the art source identification methods, our method generally improves the AUROC value by 0.1 to 0.2.
Unravelling biotoxicity of graphdiyne: Molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction between villin headpiece protein and graphdiyne
Authors: Zhang 张 Bei-Wei 贝薇 , Zhang 张 Bing-Quan 兵权 , Shao 邵 Zhi-Gang 志刚 , Wu 吴 Xianqiu 先球 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing prevalence in the utilization of graphdiyne (GDY) in the field of biomedicine, attributed to its distinctive physical structure and chemical properties. Additionally, its biocompatibility has garnered increasing attention. However, there is a lack of research on the biological effects and physical mechanisms of GDY-protein interactions at the molecular scale. In this study, the villin headpiece subdomain (HP35) served as a representative protein model. Molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the interaction process between the HP35 protein and GDY, as well as the structural evolution of the protein. The data presented in our study demonstrate that GDY can rapidly adsorb HP35 protein and induce denaturation to one of the α-helix structures of HP35 protein. This implies a potential cytotoxicity concern of GDY for biological systems. Compared to graphene, GDY induced less disruption to HP35 protein. This can be attributed to the presence of natural triangular vacancies in GDY, which prevents π–π stacking action and the limited interaction of GDY with HP35 protein is not conducive to the expansion of protein structures. These findings unveil the biological effects of GDY at the molecular level and provide valuable insights for the application of GDY in biomedicine.
Zeeman decoherence effect of trapped 199Hg+ ion Ramsey spectra
Authors: Liu 刘 Ge 格 , Liu 柳 Hao 浩 , Chen 陈 Yihe 义和 , Wang 王 Jian 健 , Huang 黄 Shuhong 书泓 , Li 李 Chengbin 承斌 , She 佘 Lei 磊 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the 199Hg+ ion microwave clock, the Zeeman decoherence effect caused by the overlapping of Zeeman sidebands and the radial secular motion sidebands will decrease the contrast of the Ramsey fringe, thus reducing the signal-to-noise ratio of the spectra. In this paper, the Zeeman decoherence effect is analyzed theoretically and investigated experimentally. A simplified model is built to describe the Ramsey spectral probability, in which the transverse relaxation time T
2 is introduced to characterize the influence of the Zeeman decoherence effect phenomenologically. The experiments were carried out on a linear quadrupole trap 199Hg+ ion clock. The results show that the probability model matches well with the experimental data, and the magnetic field value should be more than 150 mGs (1 Gs = 10−4 T) to avoid the Zeeman decoherence effect.
Model on picometer-level light gravitational delay in the GRACE Follow-On-like missions
Authors: Dong 董 Jin-Zhuang 金壮 , Huang 黄 Wei-Sheng 玮圣 , Qin 秦 Cheng-Gang 成刚 , Tan 谈 Yu-Jie 玉杰 , Shao 邵 Cheng-Gang 成刚 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Laser interferometry plays a crucial role in laser ranging for high-precision space missions such as GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) Follow-On-like missions and gravitational wave detectors. For such accuracy of modern space missions, a precise relativistic model of light propagation is required. With the post-Newtonian approximation, we utilize the Synge world function method to study the light propagation in the Earth’s gravitational field, deriving the gravitational delays up to order c
−4. Then, we investigate the influences of gravitational delays in three inter-satellite laser ranging techniques, including one-way ranging, dual one-way ranging, and transponder-based ranging. By combining the parameters of Kepler orbit, the gravitational delays are expanded up to the order of e
2 (e is the orbital eccentricity). Finally, considering the GRACE Follow-On-like missions, we estimate the gravitational delays to the level of picometer. The results demonstrate some high-order gravitational and coupling effects, such as c
−4-order gravitational delays and coupling of Shapiro and beat frequency, which may be non-negligible for higher precision laser ranging in the future.
Stochastic modeling and analysis of Hepatitis and Tuberculosis co-infection dynamics
Authors: Ali Shah Sayed Murad , Nie 聂 Yufeng 玉峰 , Din Anwarud , Alkhazzan Abdulwasea , Younas Bushra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSeveral mathematical models have been developed to investigate the dynamics of Tuberculosis (TB) and Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Numerous current models for TB, HBV, and their co-dynamics fall short in capturing the important and practical aspect of unpredictability. It is crucial to take into account a stochastic co-infection HBV–TB epidemic model since different random elements have a substantial impact on the overall dynamics of these diseases. We provide a novel stochastic co-model for TB and HBV in this study, and we establish criteria on the uniqueness and existence of a non-negative global solution. We also looked at the persistence of the infections as long its dynamics are governable by the proposed model. To verify the theoretical conclusions, numerical simulations are presented keeping in view the associated analytical results. The infections are found to finally die out and go extinct with certainty when Lévy intensities surpass the specified thresholds and the related stochastic thresholds fall below unity. The findings also demonstrate the impact of noise on the decline in the co-circulation of HBV and TB in a given population. Our results provide insights into effective intervention strategies, ultimately aiming to improve the management and control of TB and HBV co-infections.
Physics through the microscope
Authors: Pennycook Stephen J. , Ishikawa Ryo , Wu 武 Haijun 海军 , Zhao 赵 Xiaoxu 晓续 , Li 黎 Changjian 长建 , Loh Duane , Dan Jiadong , Zhou 周 Wu 武 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The electron microscope provides numerous insights into physics, from demonstrations of fundamental quantum mechanical principles to the physics of imaging and materials. It reveals the atomic and electronic structure of key regions such as defects and interfaces. We can learn the underlying physics governing properties, and gain insight into how to synthesize new materials with improved properties. Some recent advances and possible future directions are discussed.