bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gegen den Mainstream – Leitbilder zu Kinderlosigkeit und Kinderreichtum zur Erklärung der Abweichung von der Zweikindnorm
Authors: Diabaté Sabine , Ruckdeschel Kerstin 
Published: February 2017

For decades, the ideal of a two-child family has been predominant in Germany. Nevertheless, there are people who deviate from this mainstream, taking the informed decision not to have any children at all, to have only one child or, alternatively, to have three or more children. Such differences in the number of children have long been examined, however, cultural concepts of having either lots of or no children at all, have rarely been included. The data collected in the survey “Familienleitbilder” reveals that in young adults in reproductive age, existing cultural conceptions provide new insights into the phenomenon of deviation from the norm, deviators being subject to social stigmatization. Moreover, in case of families with four and more children, a high degree of intrinsic motivation outshines all economic and structural aspects. In childless people - even more than in comparison to other groups - a discrepancy with respect to the majority becomes apparent, potentially suggesting a pressure to justify oneself to society or even to comply with the mainstream. In contrast to the advocated thesis in literature, childlessness is indeed commonly regarded as “normal”, however, rarely as desirable in terms of an ideal. Furthermore, despite the dominant two-child-norm, other family milieus have been established.
Zusammenfassung
Seit Jahrzehnten dominiert in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland das Leitbild der Zweikindfamilie. Dennoch gibt es Menschen, die von diesem Mainstream abweichen: Sie entscheiden sich bewusst gegen Kinder, für ein Einzelkind oder aber für drei oder mehr Kinder. Solche Paritätsunterschiede werden seit langem untersucht, jedoch selten unter Einbezug kultureller Vorstellungen zum Leben ohne oder mit vielen Kindern. Anhand der Daten des Leitbildsurveys wird für junge Erwachsene im reproduktiven Alter gezeigt, dass kulturelle Idealvorstellungen einen zusätzlichen Erkenntnisgewinn zur Normabweichung liefern und dass Abweichler eine soziale Stigmatisierung wahrnehmen. Zudem überstrahlt bei der Kinderwunschparität von vier und mehr Kindern die hohe intrinsische Motivation alle ökonomischen und strukturellen Aspekte. Bei Kinderlosen zeichnet sich – im Vergleich zu den anderen Normabweichlern am stärksten – eine wahrgenommene Diskrepanz zur Mehrheitsgesellschaft ab. Sie weist möglicherweise auf sozialen Druck hin, sich zu rechtfertigen oder sogar der Norm zu entsprechen. Entgegen der in der Literatur vertretenen These der „Kultur von Kinderlosigkeit“ besteht die verbreitete Ansicht, dass Kinderlosigkeit zwar „normal“ sei, jedoch selten erstrebenswert im Sinne eines Ideals. Außerdem haben sich trotz der dominanten Zweikindnorm weitere Familienmilieus etabliert.
Parents’ living arrangement and the political and civic attitudes of 13- and 14-year-old children
Authors: Dronkers Jaap 
Published: February 2017

This paper focuses on the role of parents’ living arrangement in the attitudes of their children toward society. It uses data from the International Civic and Citizenship Education Study conducted by the International Educational Association in 2009, which surveys the civic attitudes and participation of 13- and 14-year-old students across 38 countries. In this paper, we use only 22 European countries and examine adolescents’ attitudes toward trust in civic institutions, positive attitudes toward one’s own country, equal rights for all ethnic groups, and positive attitudes toward gender equality. We distinguish between five living arrangements: twoparent families, stepfamilies, single fathers, single mothers who live alone with their children, and single mothers in multi-generational households. The analysis shows strong and significant differences between the civic attitudes of 13- and 14- year-old students living in a two-parent family and those living in other family forms, irrespective of the country, and also after controlling for parental socioeconomic background.
Zusammenfassung
In diesem Artikel wird darauf fokussiert, welchen Einfluss die elterliche Familienform auf die Einstellungen ihrer Kinder gegenüber der Gesellschaft ausübt. Datengrundlage ist die International Civic and Citizenship Education Study, die 2009 von der International Educational Association durchgeführt wurde und in der in 38 Ländern Daten zu den staatsbürgerlichen Einstellungen und staatsbürgerlichen Aktivitäten 13- und 14- jähriger Schüler(innen) erhoben wurden. Wir beziehen uns in diesem Beitrag nur auf 22 Länder Europas und untersuchen die Einstellungen dieser Heranwachsenden bezüglich ihres Vertrauens in die staatsbürgerlichen Institutionen, im Hinblick auf positive Einstellungen gegenüber dem eigenen Land, zu gleichen Rechten für alle ethnischen Gruppen sowie zur Gleichheit der Geschlechter. Wir unterscheiden zwischen fünf Familienformen: Zwei-Eltern-Familien, Stieffamilien, alleinerziehende Väter, Mütter, die alleine mit ihren Kindern zusammenleben und alleinstehende Mütter, die in Mehrgenerationenhaushalten leben. Die Befunde aus den Analysen zeigen große und signifikante Differenzen in den staatsbürgerlichen Einstellungen zwischen denjenigen 13- und 14- jährigen Schüler(inne)n, die in Zwei-Eltern-Familien leben und denjenigen, die in anderen Familienformen leben, auf. Dies ist unabhängig vom jeweiligen Land. Die Effekte bleiben auch unter Kontrolle des sozio-ökonomischen Hintergrunds der Eltern bestehen.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Enterococcus species Isolated from urinary tract infections
Authors: Akhter Jabin , Ahmed Sharmeen , Anwar Shaheda 
Published: February 2017

Enterococci were frequently considered to be commensal organism and were ignored when isolated in clinical laboratory. But recently due to its capability of causing variety of infections, especially in hospitalized patients and difference in antimicrobial sensitivity of each species to varying antibiotics the present study wasundertaken with a view at characterizing the clinical isolates of enterococcus, recovered from the cases of urinary tract infections (UTI). A total of 59 Enterococci were isolated from UTI patient for a period of 1 year. In the present study it was the 3rd leading organism causing UTI. They were speciated by an identification system based on the phenotypic characteristics of enterococcus species and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern was determined. Most of the isolates were E.faecalis 42(71.18%) followed by E.faecium accounted for 10(16.94%),E.avium 1(2.43%), E.raff 1(2.43%) and 5(8.47%) remained unidentified. E.faecium showed increased resistance to amoxicillin (90%), co-trimoxazole (80%), ciprofloxacin (70%), gentamycin (80%), ceftriaxone (90%), and cefuroxime (80%). Most of the E.faecalis was resistant to amoxicillin (66.66%), cotrimoxazole (71.42%), ciprofloxacin (76.19%), gentamycin (71.42%), ceftriaxone (64.28%) and cefuroxime (80.95%). Multidrug-resistant enterococci are emerging as a leading nosocomial uropathogen. Identification of species along with knowledge of the antimicrobial resistance profile may ultimately contribute to development of strategies for prevention and to formulate treatment guidelines for infections caused by enterococci.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2014; 08 (01): 16-20
Les massifs karstiques des Alpes occidentales : trame structurale et bioclimatique. Présentation de la carte d'ensemble au 1/750 000
Authors: Nicod Jean 
Published: February 2017

The karstic massifs of western alps : structural and bioclimatic framework.
The structural conditions permit to distinguish several types of karst units : the northern Prealps (thrusts), the southern Jura (folded or tabular), the southern Prealps (faulted and folded plateaus), the complex land of low Provence and the high karsts of inner Alps. The bioclimatic framework explains the altitudinal sequence of actual processes. The value of the run-off (expressed in mm), the part of the snow covered and the biochemical parameters (vegetation, CO2) have particularly holded the attention. The specific dissolution reaches its maximum in the wooded mountain karsts. But it has been necessary to take the part of heritages into account (glacial, periglacial, terra-rossa).
Paléokarsts et paléo-géomorphologie néogènes des Alpes Occidentales et régions adjacentes
Authors: Julian Maurice , Nicod Jean 
Published: February 2017

Dans cette étude, on s'est efforcé de confronter nos connaissances sur les karsts aux problèmes de l'évolution générale (tectonique, paléo-climats, variations du niveau marin). Trois périodes ont été analysées :
-le Miocène inférieur et moyen, favorable à la réalisation d'aplanissements chimiques et à la karstification de subsurface ;
-la révolution fini-miocène (phase tectonique rhodanienne) et crise de salinité messinienne, entraînant l'approfondissement des réseaux karstiques ;
-le Plio-Villafranchien, favorable dans son ensemble (sauf pendant les périodes sèches du Villafranchien) à la production de terra-rossa et à l'évolution des systèmes karstiques.
Advanced Surface Ablation With a New Software for the Reduction of Ablation Irregularities
Authors: Vinciguerra Paolo , Camesasca Fabrizio I. , Vinciguerra Riccardo , Arba-Mosquera Samuel , Torres Ingrid , Morenghi Emanuela , Randleman J. Bradley 
Published: February 2017

PURPOSE:
To compare visual outcomes and postoperative aberrations after surface ablation performed with a 750-Hz versus a 1,050-Hz excimer laser coupled with an ablation software designed to reduce corneal surface irregularity.

METHODS:
Retrospective comparative trial of myopic eyes that had refractive surgery consecutively treated with transepithelial advanced surface ablation with a 750-Hz excimer laser (750 group) versus a 1,050-Hz excimer laser coupled with the Smart Pulse Technology ablation software (SPT group). The SPT algorithm is a laser pulse technology software aimed at reducing surface irregularity of the stromal bed at the end of treatment. The authors evaluated the effect of this smoothing on final visual acuity. Patients were observed for 6 months.

RESULTS:

A total of 139 eyes in the 750 group and 40 eyes in the SPT group were evaluated. Epidemiological and preoperative refractive data of the two groups were comparable. Uncorrected distance visual acuity improved with time and was significantly better in the SPT group (−0.04 ± 0.61 logMAR for the SPT group vs 0.02 ± 0.78 logMAR for the 750 group) (
P
< .001). At 6 months, 55% versus 21% achieved 20/16 or better (
P
= .005) and 90% versus 65% achieved 20/20 or better (
P
= .019) visual acuity in the SPT and 750 groups, respectively. Corrected distance visual acuity improved with time and appeared to be influenced by group (
P
= .054), with better results in the SPT group. Coma and trefoil improved significantly with time in a similar manner in both groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Surface ablation with the 1,050-Hz excimer laser and SPT software, aimed at reducing the final superficial stromal irregularity, led to improvement of 6-month uncorrected visual acuity.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(2):89–95.]
Ground-based MAX-DOAS observations of tropospheric aerosols, NO2, SO2 and HCHO in Wuxi, China, from 2011 to 2014
Authors: Wang Yang , Lampel Johannes , Xie Pinhua , Beirle Steffen , Li Ang , Wu Dexia , Wagner Thomas 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. We characterize the temporal variation and vertical distribution of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), formaldehyde (HCHO) and aerosol extinction based on long-term multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations from May 2011 to November 2014 in Wuxi, China. A new inversion algorithm (PriAM) is implemented to retrieve profiles of the trace gases (TGs) and aerosol extinction (AE) from the UV spectra of scattered sunlight recorded by the MAX-DOAS instrument. We investigated two important aspects of the retrieval process. We found that the systematic seasonal variation of temperature and pressure (which is regularly observed in Wuxi) can lead to a systematic bias of the retrieved aerosol profiles (e.g. up to 20 % for the AOD) if it is not explicitly considered. In this study we take this effect into account for the first time. We also investigated in detail the reason for the differences of tropospheric vertical column densities derived from either the geometric approximation or by the integration of the retrieved profiles, which were reported by earlier studies. We found that these differences are almost entirely caused by the limitations of the geometric approximation (especially for high aerosol loads). The results retrieved from the MAX-DOAS observations are compared with independent techniques not only under cloud-free sky conditions, but also under various cloud scenarios. Under most cloudy conditions (except fog and optically thick clouds), the trace gas results still show good agreements. In contrast, for the aerosol results, only near-surface AE could be still well retrieved under cloudy situations. After applying a quality control procedure, the MAX-DOAS data are used to characterize the seasonal, diurnal and weekly variations of NO2, SO2, HCHO and aerosols. A regular seasonality of the three trace gases is found, but not for aerosols. Similar annual variations of the profiles of the trace gases appear in different years. Only NO2 shows a significant seasonality of the diurnal variations. Considerable amplitudes of weekly cycles occur for NO2 and SO2, but not for HCHO and aerosols. The TGs and aerosols show good correlations, especially for HCHO in winter. More pronounced wind direction dependencies, especially for the near-surface concentrations, are found for the trace gases than for the aerosols, which implies that the local emissions from nearby industrial areas (including traffic emissions) dominate the local pollution, while long-distance transport might also considerably contribute to the local aerosol levels.
Enseñanza del español, como segunda lengua en estudiantes indígenas, modalidad regular, URACCAN, Siuna, 2015
Authors: Rodríguez Andrade Jacoba Estela , Argüello Mendieta Julia Del Carmen 
Published: February 2017

La investigación, se realizó con estudiantes indígenas del primer año de las carreras: Ingeniería Agroforestal, Administración de Empresas e Informática Administrativa de la Universidad de las Regiones Autónomas de la Costa Caribe Nicaragüense (URACCAN) Siuna. La finalidad fue analizar la situación de la enseñanza aprendizaje del español como segunda lengua, modalidad regular, describir las metodologías de enseñanza, estilos de aprendizaje, actitudes y compromisos que asumen los estudiantes. Es cualitativa y según el nivel de profundidad, descriptiva desde el enfoque del interaccionismo simbólico. Participaron once estudiantes indígenas, cinco mujeres, seis varones. Según su pertenencia étnica, siete miskitos, cuatro sumu-mayangnas. El universo y la muestra representan el cien por ciento. Las para la recolección de la información fueron: entrevistas, grupos focales, la observación y la revisión documental.Los hallazgos, reflejan la variedad de metodologías que utilizan los docentes, en las que existe coincidencia sobre la metodología participativa, elaboración conjunta e interrogatorios. Los estilos de aprendizaje que se identificaron fueron: con mayor frecuencia el acomodador, en segundo lugar el divergente. Entre las estrategias propuestas para facilitar el proceso educativo del español como segunda lengua, se destacan: atención a la diversidad mediante tutorías de acompañamiento docente, la práctica de técnicas y hábitos de estudio. SummaryThe research was conducted with indigenous students of first year from the careers of: Agroforestry Engineering, Business Administration and Administrative Computing of the University of the Autonomous Regions of the Caribbean Coast of Nicaragua (URACCAN), from Siuna campus. The purpose was to analyze the situation of teaching-learning Spanish as a second language in the regular modality, describe the teaching methods, learning techniques, attitudes and commitments that are assumed by the students. The study is qualitative and according to the level of profoundness it’s descriptive from the perspective of symbolic interactionism. Eleven indigenous students participated, five women, six men. According to their ethnicity seven were Miskitus and four Sumu-Mayangnas. The universe and the sample represents one hundred percent. The instruments for data collection that was used were based on interviews, focus groups, observation and document review.The findings reflect the variety of methodologies that is used by the teachers, where there is agreement on the participative methodology, the joint elaboration as well as the interrogations. The learning techniques identified were: in first place the usher, and secondly the divergent. Among the strategies proposed to facilitate the educational process of Spanish as a second language we find: attention to diversity through teacher tutoring accompaniment, the practice of techniques and the implementation of study habits.
Initial Community Hospital Performance of Radioactive Seed Localization for Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Wheeler James A , Liu Fang 
Published: February 2017

Purpose: To compare the positive margin rates for women with nonpalpable breast tumors who underwent breast conserving surgery with wire localization versus those with radioactive seed localization in a small community hospital and to compare the size of the corresponding breast specimens.Introduction: Wire localization (WL) has been the standard technique to assist in the removal of nonpalpable breast tumors for the past three decades for patients undergoing breast conserving surgery. Radioactive seed localization (RSL) is an alternative technique that provides advantages of patient comfort and scheduling convenience. There are numerous studies from large academic centers, but little information on how successfully this technique can be implemented in community hospitals.Methods: Thirty-five patients who underwent WL between September 18, 2013 and December 10, 2014 were compared to 110 patients who underwent RSL between February 12, 2014 and December 16, 2015. Results: Three of the 35 WL patients (8.5%) had a positive margin compared to 14 of the 110 RSL patients (12.7%), but this difference was not statistically significant (p-value 0.763). The breast specimen weight had a geometric mean of 30.26 g for the WL patients and 32.78 g for the RSL patients, a difference of 8.3%, which was not statistically significant. Positive margin rates did not depend on the surgeon or the radiologist placing the I-125 localization seed.Conclusion: The RSL technique can be implemented in community hospitals with the expectation of having the same positive margin rates as reported from academic centers.
The genus Brachypsectra LeConte, 1874 (Coleoptera: Brachypsectridae) in the Palaearctic Region
Authors: Petrzelkova Ivana , Makris Christodoulos , Kundrata Robin 
Published: February 2017

We summarize all information regarding the genus Brachypsectra (Coleoptera: Brachypsectridae) in the Palaearctic Region. New material of B. kadleci Hájek, 2010 is reported from western and southern Iran and its intraspecific variability in coloration and morphology is described and figured. Brachypsectra jaechi sp. nov. from southern Turkey is described from males, and an unassociated Brachypsectra species from Cyprus is reported, including the descriptions of its female and larva. These findings are the first records of this genus as well as of the family Brachypsectridae for Turkey and Cyprus. Additionally, a diagnostic key to the adult males and larvae of all Brachypsectra species is updated.
Fusobacterium Nucleatum Promotes Microsatellite Instability in Colorectal Carcinoma Through Up‐regulation of miRNA‐155‐5p‐Targeted Inhibition of MSH6 via the TLR4/NF‐κB Signaling Pathway.
Authors: Wang Pengcheng , Huang Qiaozhen , Zhu Yuejia , Chen Liquan , Ye Kai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) is significantly associated with poor prognosis in colorectal carcinoma (CRC), however, mechanisms of Fn in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in CRC have not been fully elucidated. Clinical samples are collected to analyze the relationship between Fn abundance and microsatellite stability. Tumor cells are treated with Fn to detect the expression of proteins related to toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88), mutS homolog 6 (MSH6), and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathways, respectively. Combined with the prediction results from TargetScan, the regulatory role of microRNA upstream of MSH6 is demonstrated. The effect of this regulatory axis on CRC development is demonstrated using a nude mouse tumor model. Compared with microsatellite stability (MSS)‐type CRC patients, MSI‐type showed higher Fn abundance. Fn treatment of CRC cells activated TLR4/Myd88/NF‐κB signaling pathway, transcriptionally activating miRNA‐155‐5p expression, thereby negatively regulating MSH6. Fn treatment accelerated the malignant progression of CRC in mice, and this process is inhibited by miRNA‐155‐5p antagomir. Fn in CRC upregulated miRNA‐155‐5p by activating TLR4/NF‐κB signaling to inhibit MSH6, and this regulatory pathway may affect MSS of cancer cells.
Spatiotemporal Control Over Protein Release from Artificial Cells via a Light‐Activatable Protease
Authors: Hazegh Nikroo Arjan , Altenburg Wiggert J. , van Veldhuisen Thijs W. , Brunsveld Luc , van Hest Jan C. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe regulation of protein uptake and secretion by cells is paramount for intercellular signaling and complex multicellular behavior. Mimicking protein‐mediated communication in artificial cells holds great promise to elucidate the underlying working principles, but remains challenging without the stimulus‐responsive regulatory machinery of living cells. Therefore, systems to precisely control when and where protein release occurs should be incorporated in artificial cells. Here, a light‐activatable TEV protease (LaTEV) is presented that enables spatiotemporal control over protein release from a coacervate‐based artificial cell platform. Due to the presence of Ni2+‐nitrilotriacetic acid moieties within the coacervates, His‐tagged proteins are effectively sequestered into the coacervates. LaTEV is first photocaged, effectively blocking its activity. Upon activation by irradiation with 365 nm light, LaTEV cleaves the His‐tags from sequestered cargo proteins, resulting in their release. The successful blocking and activation of LaTEV provides control over protein release rate and triggerable protein release from specific coacervates via selective irradiation. Furthermore, light‐activated directional transfer of proteins between two artificial cell populations is demonstrated. Overall, this system opens up avenues to engineer light‐responsive protein‐mediated communication in artificial cell context, which can advance the probing of intercellular signaling and the development of protein delivery platforms.