bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Jasmonate signaling makes flowers attractive to pollinators and repellant to florivores in nature
Authors: Li Ran , Schuman Meredith C. , Wang Yang , Llorca Lucas Cortés , Bing Julia , Bennion Anne , Halitschke Rayko , Baldwin Ian T. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryFlowers are required for the Darwinian fitness of flowering plants, but flowers’ advertisements for pollination services can attract florivores. Previous glasshouse work with Nicotiana attenuata revealed the role of jasmonate (JA) signaling in flower development, advertisement and defense. However, whether JA signaling mediates flowers’ filtering of floral visitors in nature remained unknown. This field study revealed that silencing JA signaling resulted in flowers that produce less nectar and benzyl acetone, two pollinator‐attractive traits. Meanwhile, flowers of defenseless plants were highly attacked by a suite of native herbivores, and damage to buds in native plants correlated negatively with their JA‐Ile levels.
Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces over production of CC chemokine ligand 2 via toll‐like receptor‐4 in oral lichen planus
Authors: Zeng Qi , Yang Xi , Chen Xiaobing , Xia Juan , Cheng Bin , Tao Xiaoan 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundWe recently reported that the CC chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2)‐CC receptor 2 (CCR2) axis was involved in the pathogenesis of oral lichen planus (OLP). However, the exact mechanism for the high expression of CCL2 in OLP specimens is not clear. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the potential role of the toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR‐4) pathway in overproduction of CCL2 in OLP lesions.MethodsImmunohistochemical staining and real‐time RT‐PCR were used to detect TLR‐4, CCL2, and CCR2 expression in OLP lesions. Then, gingival epithelial cells from OLP lesions were established and treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) lipopolysaccharide (LPS). CCL2 expression in epithelial cells was determined by Western blotting and real‐time RT‐PCR. In some experiments, TAK‐242, a specific inhibitor of TLR‐4, was used to block the TLR‐4 pathway before cells were stimulated with LPS.ResultsWe found that TLR‐4 was significantly increased in the epithelium of OLP specimens, compared with controls. Moreover, LPS can induce the over production of CCL2 in epithelial cells of OLP, in vitro. TAK‐242 effectively eliminated the increase in CCL2 expression induced by LPS by blocking the TLR‐4/NF‐κB pathway. In addition, we again confirmed that expression of CCL2 and CCR2 was increased in OLP specimens.ConclusionIncreased TLR‐4 expression contributes to the upregulated expression of CCL2 in the epithelium of OLP lesions, which suggests that oral bacteria participate in the pathogenesis of OLP via the TLR‐4 pathway.
Therapeutic potency of pharmacological adenosine receptor agonist/antagonist in angiogenesis, current status and perspectives
Authors: Bahreyni Amirhossein , Khazaei Majid , Rajabian Majid , Ryzhikov Mikhail , Avan Amir , Hassanian Seyed M 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Adenosine concentration significantly increases in tumour microenvironment contributing to tumorigenic processes including cell proliferation, survival, invasion and of special interest in this review angiogenesis.

Key findings
This review summarizes the role of pharmacological adenosine receptor agonist and antagonist in regulating angiogenesis for a better understanding and hence a better management of angiogenesis-associated disorders.

Summary
Depending upon the pharmacological characteristics of adenosine receptor subtypes, adenosine elicits anti- or pro-angiogenic responses in stimulated cells. Inhibition of the stimulatory effect of adenosine signalling on angiogenesis using specific pharmacological adenosine receptor agonist, and antagonist is a potentially novel strategy to suppress angiogenesis in tumours.
Identifying Variability in Patient Characteristics and Prevalence of Emergency Department Utilization for Mental Health Diagnoses in Rural and Urban Communities
Authors: Schroeder Shawnda M. , Peterson Mandi‐Leigh 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurposeIn order to redirect at‐risk patients to more appropriate, cost‐effective behavioral health care, research must identify the prevalence, and common characteristics, of patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) for mental disorders. Question: Are large, small, and/or isolated rural patients presenting to the ED for mental disorders in greater proportion than urban ED patients?MethodsAnalyses included data from the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project State Emergency Department Databases (2013) provided by 7 states, covering all Census regions. Variables included patient demographics, ZIP code, and primary and secondary ED diagnoses. ZIP codes were linked to the Rural‐Urban Commuting Areas, aggregating into 4 categories. Prevalence rates were compared within and between groups (P < .05).FindingsNearly 1 in 20 ED visits carried a primary/secondary diagnosis of mental disorder. Large, small, and isolated rural patients were not more likely than urban patients to present to the ED for mental disorders. Large, small, and isolated rural residents diagnosed with a primary/secondary mental disorder in the ED were more likely than urban to be female, 65 years of age or older, covered by Medicaid or Medicare, and dual eligible. The top 3 diagnoses for mental disorders in the ED were anxiety‐state, unspecified; depressive disorder; and suicidal ideation.ConclusionsEDs treating large, small, or isolated rural patients with mental disorders are more likely to treat populations identified in the literature at greater risk of preventable visits, readmitting, and more costly care. Recommendations are made for policy, community interventions, workforce, and training.
Evaluation of the safety of daily administration of capromorelin in cats
Authors: Wofford J. A. , Zollers B. , Rhodes L. , Bell M. , Heinen E. 
Published: October 2017

Capromorelin is a ghrelin receptor agonist that is FDA approved for appetite stimulation in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety of daily oral administration of capromorelin to cats over a range of doses and for an extended period. Two randomized, controlled studies were conducted: in Study 1, cats (n = 6 per group) received placebo or capromorelin at a dose of 9, 15, 30 or 60 mg/kg once daily for 14 days; and in Study 2, cats received capromorelin at 6 mg/kg (n = 8) or placebo (n = 4) once daily for 91 days. Cats were evaluated using clinical observations and clinical pathology test results for both studies, with the addition of postmortem examination in Study 1 and measurements of growth hormone and insulin‐like growth factor 1 in Study 2. Abnormal clinical observations were limited to emesis, hypersalivation, lethargy/depression, head shaking and lip smacking, which occurred more frequently in the capromorelin‐treated groups than in the placebo group. There were no clinically relevant differences in clinical pathology test results between the capromorelin and placebo groups in either study.
A medical device containing purified bovine colostrum (Monurelle Biogel) in the treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women: Retrospective analysis of urinary symptoms, sexual function, and quality of life
Authors: Schiavi M. C. , Di Tucci C. , Colagiovanni V. , Faiano P. , Giannini A. , D’Oria O. , Prata G. , Perniola G. , Monti M. , Zullo M. A. , Muzii L. , Benedetti Panici P. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThis study assessed the effectiveness and safety of a medical device containing purified bovine colostrum (Monurelle Biogel; Zambon, Bresso, Italy) in improving vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), sexual function, urinary symptoms, and quality of life (QoL) in postmenopausal women.MethodsIn all, 172 postmenopausal women with VVA were included in the study. All women were treated with vaginal Monurelle Biogel daily for 12 weeks. Patients underwent clinical examinations, completed a 3‐day voiding diary, and had VVA graded using the Vaginal Health Index (VHI) at baseline and 12 weeks. Patients also completed the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), overactive bladder questionnaire (OAB‐Q), and the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI‐6), among others.ResultsAfter 12 weeks, there were significant increases in mean (± SD) VHI (12.53 ± 3.67 vs. 19.31 ± 3.49; P < .0001), the number of patients engaging in regular sexual activity 102 (59.3%) vs. 144 (83.7%), and in the total FSFI score (21.64 ± 2.99 vs. 28.16 ± 1.93; P < .0001) compared with baseline. In addition, there were significant reductions in the mean number of 24‐hour voids (9.57 ± 2.12 vs. 7.13 ± 1.22; P < .0001), urgent micturition episodes per 24 hours (1.75 ± 0.76 vs. 1.14 ± 0.87; P = .001), nocturia episodes (1.58 ± 0.85 vs. 0.97 ± 1.18; P = .0002), and urinary incontinence episodes per 24 hours (0.74 ± 0.59 vs. 0.28 ± 0.52; P = .003). Finally, after 12 weeks treatment, there were significant differences in UDI‐6 (7.85 ± 0.81 vs. 5.56 ± 1.40), OAB‐Q symptom (53.60 ± 12.57 vs. 22.08 ± 9.63), and OAB‐Q health‐related QoL (21.75 ± 8.51 vs. 69.34 ± 14.59) scores compared with baseline (P < .0001 for all). The Patient Impression of Global Improvement scale revealed global improvement in 143 women (83.14%).Conclusions
Monurelle Biogel is an effective treatment for VVA in postmenopausal women, improving sexual life, urinary symptoms, and QoL.
Interplay between silica deposition and viability during the life span of sorghum silica cells
Authors: Kumar Santosh , Elbaum Rivka 
Published: October 2017

Summary

Silica cells are specialized epidermal cells found on both surfaces of grass leaves, with almost the entire lumen filled with solid silica. The mechanism precipitating silicic acid into silica is not known. Here we investigate this process in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) leaves.

Using fluorescent confocal microscopy, we followed silica cells’ ontogeny, aiming to understand the fate of vacuoles and nuclei. Correlating the confocal and scanning electron microscopy, we timed the initiation of silica deposition in relation to cell's viability.

Contrary to earlier reports, silica cells did not lose their nucleus before silica deposition. Vacuoles in silica cells did not concentrate silicic acid. Instead, postmaturation silicification initiated at the cell periphery in live cells. Less than 1% silica cells showed characteristics of programmed cell death in the cell maturation zone. In fully elongated mature leaves, 2.4% of silica cells were nonsilicified and 1.6% were partially silicified.

Silica deposition occurs in the paramural space of live silica cells. The mineral does not kill the cells. Instead, silica cells are genetically programmed to undergo cell death independent of silicification. Fully silicified cells seem to have nonsilicified voids containing membrane remains after the completion of the cell death processes.
Cope's rule and the adaptive landscape of dinosaur body size evolution
Authors: Benson Roger B. J. , Hunt Gene , Carrano Matthew T. , Campione Nicolás 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe largest known dinosaurs weighed at least 20 million times as much as the smallest, indicating exceptional phenotypic divergence. Previous studies have focused on extreme giant sizes, tests of Cope's rule, and miniaturization on the line leading to birds. We use non‐uniform macroevolutionary models based on Ornstein–Uhlenbeck and trend processes to unify these observations, asking: what patterns of evolutionary rates, directionality and constraint explain the diversification of dinosaur body mass? We find that dinosaur evolution is constrained by attraction to discrete body size optima that undergo rare, but abrupt, evolutionary shifts. This model explains both the rarity of multi‐lineage directional trends, and the occurrence of abrupt directional excursions during the origins of groups such as tiny pygostylian birds and giant sauropods. Most expansion of trait space results from rare, constraint‐breaking innovations in just a small number of lineages. These lineages shifted rapidly into novel regions of trait space, occasionally to small sizes, but most often to large or giant sizes. As with Cenozoic mammals, intermediate body sizes were typically attained only transiently by lineages on a trajectory from small to large size. This demonstrates that bimodality in the macroevolutionary adaptive landscape for land vertebrates has existed for more than 200 million years.
Inheritance and characterization of the new and rare gene Rph25 conferring seedling resistance in Hordeum vulgare against Puccinia hordei
Authors: Kavanagh Paul J. , Singh Davinder , Bansal Urmil K. , Park Robert F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this study, we characterized and mapped a new and rare resistance gene (RphFT) in the Chinese barley variety ‘Fong Tien’. RphFT, a dominant gene, was mapped to chromosome 5HL at a genetic position of 142.1 cM using DArT‐seq markers. The gene was also confirmed to be present in Australian cultivar ‘Yagan’ based on allelic tests, and likely ‘Lockyer’ based on multipathotype tests. The genetic studies also confirmed the presence of Rph12 in Australian cultivar ‘Baudin’. Rph12 is also located on chromosome 5HL close to RphFT, and the two loci were confirmed to be independent. Gene RphFT is of limited breeding value because it is effective to only one pathotype of P. hordei, 220P+ +Rph13 in Australia; nevertheless, it may play a role in controlling leaf rust if used in combination with other Rph genes. The locus symbol Rph25 is recommended for RphFT in accordance with the rules and numbering system of barley gene nomenclature.
Renal insufficiency mimicking glutaric acidemia type 1 on newborn screening
Authors: Matsumoto Masaaki , Awano Hiroyuki , Bo Ryosuke , Nagai Masashi , Tomioka Kazumi , Nishiyama Masahiro , Ninchouji Takeshi , Nagase Hiroaki , Yagi Mariko , Morioka Ichiro , Hasegawa Yuki , Takeshima Yasuhiro , Iijima Kazumoto 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundGlutaryl carnitine (C5DC) in dried blood spots is used as a biomarker for glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA‐1) screening. C5DC, however, is the only screening marker for this condition, and various pathological conditions may interfere with C5DC metabolism. Recently, C5DC elevation has been reported in cases of renal insufficiency.MethodFive patients who were positive for GA‐1 on newborn screening with tandem mass spectrometry between September 2012 and March 2015 at Kobe University Hospital were enrolled in this study.ResultsGA‐1 was not confirmed on urinary organic acids analysis in any of the patients. C5DC decreased immediately in four patients, but one patient, who had high C5DC for at least 4 months, was diagnosed with bilateral renal hypoplasia.ConclusionIn the case of persistently elevated C5DC, renal insufficiency should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
Wakayama Medical University Hospital perinatal helicopter ambulance service: 14 year review
Authors: Kumagai Takeshi , Riko Mitsuhiko , Satoh Masashi , Kakimoto Nobuyuki , Sugimoto Takuya , Ueda Mina , Okutani Takahiro , Higuchi Ryuzo , Yagi Shigetaka , Minami Sawako , Higa Asumi , Miyawaki Masakazu , Suzuki Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn 2003, a perinatal helicopter air ambulance service was introduced for remote areas of Wakayama and Mie prefectures, Japan, but its long‐term impact on perinatal medicine has not yet been analyzed.MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted on helicopter air ambulance cases recorded between January 2003 and December 2016 at Wakayama Medical University Hospital (WMUH).ResultsDuring that period, 61 pregnant mothers were transferred by helicopter air ambulance to WMUH. Between 2003 and 2009, the mean period from transfer to birth was 0.6 weeks, whereas between 2008 and 2016, this increased to 1.6 weeks, and the survival rate of infants born after transfer did not differ significantly (84.2%, 32/38 versus 82.1%, 23/28). Seventy‐three neonates were transferred. The number transferred between 2003 and 2009 was 46, whereas this decreased to 27 between 2010 and 2016. The neonatal mortality rate in south Wakayama plus south Mie gradually decreased. The reasons for the longer period from transfer to birth, and the decrease in the rate of very low‐birthweight infants after transfer may be due to development in the management of threatened premature labor, and the earlier transfer of such cases by regional obstetricians. The reasons for the decline in neonatal transfer may have included the development of fetal diagnostic techniques and improved efficiency of neonatal ground‐transport in the South Wakayama region.ConclusionThe helicopter air ambulance is an important form of medical transportation in the south Kii peninsula.
Testing for Marginal Linear Effects in Quantile Regression
Authors: Wang Huixia Judy , McKeague Ian W. , Qian Min 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe paper develops a new marginal testing procedure to detect significant predictors that are associated with the conditional quantiles of a scalar response. The idea is to fit the marginal quantile regression on each predictor one at a time, and then to base the test on the t-statistics that are associated with the most predictive predictors. A resampling method is devised to calibrate this test statistic, which has non-regular limiting behaviour due to the selection of the most predictive variables. Asymptotic validity of the procedure is established in a general quantile regression setting in which the marginal quantile regression models can be misspecified. Even though a fixed dimension is assumed to derive the asymptotic results, the test proposed is applicable and computationally feasible for large dimensional predictors. The method is more flexible than existing marginal screening test methods based on mean regression and has the added advantage of being robust against outliers in the response. The approach is illustrated by using an application to a human immunodeficiency virus drug resistance data set.
Anaerobic microbial activity affects earliest diagenetic pathways of bivalve shells
Authors: Lange Skadi M. , Krause Stefan , Ritter Ann‐Christine , Fichtner Vanessa , Immenhauser Adrian , Strauss Harald , Treude Tina 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe earliest diagenetic post‐mortem exposure of biogenic carbonates at the sea floor and in the uppermost sediment column results in the colonization of hard‐part surfaces by bacterial communities. Some of the metabolic redox processes related to these communities have the potential to alter carbonate shell properties, and hence affect earliest diagenetic pathways with significant consequences for archive data. During a three‐month in vitro study, shell subsamples of the ocean quahog Arctica islandica (Linnaeus, 1767) were incubated in natural anoxic sediment slurries and bacterial culture medium of the heterotrophic Shewanella sediminisHAW‐EB3. Bulk analyses of the liquid media from the Shewanella sediminis incubation revealed an over ten‐fold increase in total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon and ΩAragonite, and the alteration of the Mg/Ca, Mg/Sr and Sr/Ca ratios relative to control incubations without cultures. Ion ratios were most affected in the incubation with anoxic sediment, depicting a 25% decrease in Mg/Ca relative to the control. Shell sample surfaces that were exposed to both incubations displayed visible surface dissolution features, and an 8 wt% loss in calcium content. No such alteration features were detected in control shells. Apparently, alteration of shell carbonate properties was induced by microbially driven decomposition of shell intercrystalline organic constituents and subsequent opening of pathways for pore fluid–crystal exchange. This study illustrates the potential influence of benthic bacterial metabolism on biogenic carbonate archives during the initial stages of diagenetic alteration within a relatively short experimental duration of only three months. These results suggest that foremost the biological effect of bacterial cation adsorption on divalent cation ratios has the potential to complicate proxy interpretation. Results shown here highlight the necessity to consider bacterial metabolic activities in marine sediments for the interpretation of palaeo‐environmental proxies from shell carbonate archives.
Welfare reform in the United Kingdom 2010–16: Expectations, outcomes, and local impacts
Authors: Beatty Christina , Fothergill Steve 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWelfare reform has been central to UK government policy since 2010. This article compares initial expectations with key outcomes by 2016. The article shows that although the financial savings to the Treasury have been large, they have been rather less than the government first anticipated, mainly because the reduction in spending on incapacity‐related benefits has proved far smaller than expected. The financial losses have also been spread highly unevenly across the country, and the evidence from a pilot study in Scotland suggests that the reforms have had little impact on levels of worklessness. The article concludes that whilst forecasting the financial savings from welfare reform is an inherently uncertain activity, the United Kingdom's reforms should be understood first and foremost as about reducing public spending in the poorest places.
Optical coherence tomography: An efficient imaging method for the visualization of human epidermis orientation
Authors: Mias C. , Filiol J. , Josse G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecently, it has been shown that epidermal sheets taken from suction blisters are very appropriate skin samples for Multi‐Photon (MP) microscopy. However, we observed that image quality was much better when the sample was visualized through the basale side. Thus, the epidermis orientation needs to be controlled before MP imaging. We observed that the use of standard laboratory binoculars led to a high rate of false results. In this context, we showed that optical coherence tomography provided clear images of the epidermis orientation without loss of sample integrity and thus represents an effective technique before slide sealing and MP analysis.
Spread of fluid: Role of tip configurations in needles
Authors: Gomes S. , Drakidis A. , Silva P. , Lenau T. A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground/purposeDuring the injection of a fluid in a tissue model, the fluid might be affected by the needle tip configuration and the number of channels. Thus, the objective of the present work is to observe the influence of different needle tips and number of channels on the spread of a fluid.MethodsFluid distribution data were obtained after injecting 0.3 mL of fluid into a foamed polymer model with a velocity of 2 mm/s. The spread area and the depth were determined for 3 different types of hypodermic needles: Single channel needles with bevel tip and blunt tip and a needle with conical tip and 3 internal channels.ResultsThe bevel tip provides a higher spread in the direction where the bevel points and reaches larger depths than the other two needles. The spread for the blunt tip and the polymer needle is equally distributed on both sides of the needle. The largest horizontal area around the tip is achieved by the 3‐channel needle.ConclusionThe tip configuration and number of channels have an influence on the distribution of fluid. The bevelled needle directs the fluid and reaches larger depths compared with the 3‐channel needle that gets more horizontal spread.