bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving a conjugate-heat-transfer immersed-boundary method
Authors: De Marinis Dario , de Tullio Marco Donato , Napolitano Michele , Pascazio Giuseppe 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide the current state of the art in the development of a computer code combining an immersed boundary method with a conjugate heat transfer (CHT) approach, including some new findings. In particular, various treatments of the fluid-solid-interface conditions are compared in order to determine the most accurate one. Most importantly, the method is capable of computing a challenging three dimensional compressible turbulent flow past an air cooled turbine vane.Design/methodology/approach– The unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations are solved within the fluid domain, whereas the heat conduction equation is solved within the solid one, using the same spatial discretization and time-marching scheme. At the interface boundary, the temperatures and heat fluxes within the fluid and the solid are set to be equal using three different approximations.Findings– This work provides an accurate and efficient code for solving three dimensional CHT problems, such as the flow through an air cooled gas turbine cascade, using a coupled immersed boundary (IB) CHT methodology. A one-to-one comparison of three different interface-condition approximations has shown that the two multidimensional ones are slightly superior to the early treatment based on a single direction and that the one based on a least square reconstruction of the solution near the IB minimizes the oscillations caused by the Cartesian grid. This last reconstruction is then used to compute a compressible turbulent flow of industrial interest, namely, that through an air cooled gas turbine cascade. Another interesting finding is that the very promising approach based on wall functions does not combine favourably with the interface conditions for the temperature and the heat flux. Therefore, current and future work aims at developing and testing appropriate temperature wall functions, in order to further improve the accuracy – for a given grid – or the efficiency – for a given accuracy – of the proposed methodology.Originality/value– An accurate and efficient IB CHT method, using a state of the art URANS parallel solver, has been developed and tested. In particular, a detailed study has elucidated the influence of different interface treatments of the fluid-solid boundary upon the accuracy of the computations. Last but not least, the method has been applied with success to solve the well-known CHT problem of compressible turbulent flow past the C3X turbine guide vane.
Comparison of heat transfer characteristics of aviation kerosene flowing in smooth and enhanced mini tubes at supercritical pressures
Authors: Sunden Bengt Ake , Wu Zan , Huang Dan 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to numerically investigate the heat transfer performance of aviation kerosene flowing in smooth and enhanced tubes with asymmetric fins at supercritical pressures and to reveal the effects of several key parameters, such as mass flow rate, heat flux, pressure and inlet temperature on the heat transfer.

Design/methodology/approach
– A CFD approach is taken and the strong variations of the thermo-physical properties as the critical point is passed are taken into account. The RNG k-ε model is applied for simulating turbulent flow conditions.

Findings
– The numerical results reveal that the heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing mass flow rate and inlet temperature. The effect of heat flux on heat transfer is more complicated, while the effect of pressure on heat transfer is insignificant. The considered asymmetric fins have a small effect on the fluid temperature, but the wall temperature is reduced significantly by the asymmetric fins compared to that of the corresponding smooth tube. As a result, the asymmetric finned tube leads to a significant heat transfer enhancement (an increase in the heat transfer coefficient about 23-41 percent). The enhancement might be caused by the re-development of velocity and temperature boundary layers in the enhanced tubes. With the asymmetric fins, the pressure loss in the enhanced tubes is slightly larger than that in the smooth tube. A thermal performance factor is applied for combined evaluation of heat transfer enhancement and pressure loss.

Research limitations/implications
– The asymmetric fins also caused an increased pressure loss. A thermal performance factor ? was used for combined evaluation of heat transfer enhancement and pressure loss. Results show that the two enhanced tubes perform better than the smooth tube. The enhanced tube 2 gave better overall heat transfer performance than the enhanced tube 1. It is suggested that the geometric parameters of the asymmetric fins should be optimized to further improve the thermal performance and also various structures need to be investigated.

Practical implications
– The asymmetric fins increased the pressure loss. The evaluation of heat transfer enhancement and pressure loss Results showed that the two enhanced tubes perform better than the smooth tube. It is suggested that the geometric parameters of the asymmetric fins should be optimized to further improve the thermal performance and also various structures need to be investigated to make the results more engineering useful.

Originality/value
– The paper presents unique solutions for thermal performance of a fluid at near critical state in smooth and enhanced tubes. The findings are of relevance for design and thermal optimization particularly in aerospace applications.
Sports lottery game prediction system development and evaluation on social networks
Authors: Wen Yean-Fu , Hung Ko-Yu , Hwang Yi-Ting , Lin Yeong-Sung Frank 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to establish a social-network sp.orts lottery system to support users in predicting and simulating sports lottery betting. The community data were generated to support user decision and featured instant game records and odds data synchronisation. Furthermore, the next development cycle were evaluated through a questionnaire.

Design/methodology/approach
– An extended prototype website development methodology was applied to develop the system. An online sample was collected to evaluate the function, interface, operation, and prediction designs. The χ2 test and variance analysis were used to determine the association between facets and basic demographics. Finally, the regression model was used to identify the potentially essential predictors that influence the measurement facets.

Findings
– The high frequency of Facebook users, sports lottery purchases, and sports game viewers prefer the ability to predict the results of future sports games as advanced decision-making functions. However, the agent-based virtual gift presentation function was the least preferred function.

Research limitations/implications
– The study sample was limited only to users: who used PTT and Facebook; were of uneven age, education, and gender; and none segment groups. The study sample primarily comprised Taiwanese respondents. These differences might influence the practicality and prediction bias of the designed website and related models.

Practical implications
– The proposed method integrates social-network messages with real-time data access by using APIs, crawler schemes, and prediction mechanisms that enable developers to devise strategies for obtaining high system satisfaction. The system can be improved by adding the results of future sports games and excluding authorised Facebook message posts.

Originality/value
– A social-network-based sports lottery and prediction prototyping website was evaluated through a user-preference survey regarding design functions. The measurement results indicated that users share their opinions, predictions, and personal betting results and interact with their friends.
Factors influencing pro-social consumer behavior through non-profit organizations
Authors: Cano Murillo Daniel Edgardo , Kang Juyoung , Yoon Sora 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze the major factors in the intention to adopt pro-social behavior through the internet by dividing them into personal factors and internet factors.Design/methodology/approach– This research uses an empirical model to determine which personal and internet features are significant to consumers’ pro-social concerns. Internet factors may also affect pro-social behavior in addition to personal factors that many psychological studies have found to be influential. Through internet survey of 150 responses, the research model was analyzed with the partial least squares method.Findings– The findings indicate that social influence (SI) and specific internet characteristics generate perceived reciprocity and perceived ease of use of the internet in customers that encourages pro-social behavior.Practical implications– The findings provide non-profits with a theoretical foundation for their marketing. Many agencies and media reports have pointed out the importance of the internet in social causes. This study offers a thorough model revealing the influential factors in pro-social activities.Social implications– This study has discovered the influential factors that non-profit organizations must consider in order to persuade their population targets. Organizations striving to capture consumers’ attention and purchase behavior (in the form of a social contribution) must facilitate SI and ease of use, as these are highly influential.Originality/value– Pro-social behavior and internet adoption have been widely studied separately but rarely together. This study analyzes the major factors in the intention to adopt pro-social behavior through the internet by dividing them into personal factors and internet factors.
Trust in online futures market: a study of Malaysia
Authors: Eslami Maryam , Imomoh Eboshogwe 
Published: May 2016

PurposeNowadays with the rapid growth of futures market, trust issues are increasing, especially, for individual traders because of the existing risks. However, to date there is no study that focuses on trust issues within online futures market and risks that threaten individual traders. This paper aims to understand trust issues in online futures market.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts an in-depth qualitative approach of online futures market in Malaysia through 30 interviews include senior managers, managers and individual traders who involve in futures online trading from three brokerage firms. Using agency theory, a new scale model, this study provides understanding on trust issues for traders in online futures market.FindingsThe paper provides empirical insights about trust issues that will occur as a result of information, risk and goal asymmetries between traders and brokers in online futures market. It suggests licensed and registered broker, platform familiarity, platform accessibility and usability, flexible contract size and leverage, providing segregated account and appropriate devices as key elements to overcome the mentioned asymmetries.Originality/valueThis is the first paper to investigate existing risk in online futures market and provide valuable implications for both traders and brokers to reduce the risk and increase the traders’ trust.
Shari’ah issues, challenges, and prospects for Islamic derivatives: a qualitative study
Authors: Sakti Muhammad Rizky Prima , Syahid Ahmad , Tareq Mohammad Ali , Mohd Mahdzir Akbariah 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate shari’ah scholars’ views and experiences pertaining the shari’ah issues, challenges and prospects in Islamic derivatives. Specifically, this paper critically examines the criticisms toward conventional derivative instruments and the controversies surrounding underlying contracts and current Islamic derivative products.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses qualitative methods to form a deeper understanding of shari’ah scholars’ perception and experience on Islamic derivatives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five shari’ah scholars who are currently working in Islamic financial institutions in Malaysia and Singapore. This study used phenomenological techniques for its data analysis.

Findings
This study has found that shari’ah scholars are aware of the shari’ah issues surrounding Islamic derivatives and have provided comprehensive insight on the solution to these issues. It was found that it is important to take into account the derivatives instruments in Islamic financial industry because of the need for hedging and risk mitigation within Islamic financial institutions. Nonetheless, the study has also found that the use of wa’ad contracts to structure Islamic profit rate swaps and foreign currency exchanges are problematic because of it having features of bay’ al-kali’ bil-kali (the sale of one debt for another).

Originality/value
This study is one of few studies that highlight the shari’ah issues of Islamic derivatives in Islamic banking and finance industry. This paper is of value in discussing risk management and Islamic derivatives in Islamic financial institutions and how there are many issues under the investigation process, particularly issues related to controversial underlying contracts and products.
Novel applications of thermocyclers for phenotyping invertebrate thermal responses
Authors: Kong Jacinta D. , Axford Jason K. , Hoffmann Ary A. , Kearney Michael R. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryHigh‐throughput genomic methods are increasingly used to investigate invertebrate thermal responses with greater dimensionality and resolution than previously achieved. However, corresponding methods for characterizing invertebrate phenotypes are still lacking. To scale up the characterization of invertebrate thermal responses, we propose a novel use of thermocyclers as temperature‐controlled incubators.Here, we tested the performance of thermocyclers as incubators and demonstrated the application of this method to efficiently characterize the thermal responses of model and non‐model invertebrates.We found the thermocyclers performed with high precision, accuracy and resolution under various and fluctuating ambient conditions. We were able to successfully characterize the temperature‐dependent development of grasshopper eggs (Warramaba virgo), as well as the effects of fluctuating temperature cycles on the survival of mosquito eggs (Aedes aegypti) and developmental success ofDrosophila simulanslarvae, all with similar survival rates to conventional methods.Thermocyclers are a general and transferrable means to scale up current methods of incubating small invertebrates. They permit rapid characterization of high‐dimensional physiological responses to natural thermal regimes. When combined with existing approaches in thermal and evolutionary biology, these methods will advance our understanding of, and ability to predict, biological adaptations and responses to environmental changes.
A critical review of complementary and alternative medicine use by women with cyclic perimenstrual pain and discomfort: a focus upon prevalence, patterns and applications of use and users' motivations, information seeking and self‐perceived efficacy
Authors: Fisher Carole , Sibbritt David , Hickman Louise , Adams Jon 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionComplementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is used for treating cyclic perimenstrual pain and discomfort. This critical review examines women's reported CAM use, its perceived effectiveness and information relating to women's attitudes, behaviors, motivations and patterns of CAM use in its treatment.Material and methodsAn extensive search of the main medical databases EBSCO, CINAHL, Medline, AMED and SCOPUS, as well as additional hand searches, was conducted. Papers included were confined to those that had been peer‐reviewed, written in English and that contained original research into CAM use for cyclic perimenstrual pain and discomfort among adult women.ResultsCAM, particularly herbal medicine, nutritional supplements and massage, is widely used for a range of cyclic perimenstrual pain and discomfort symptoms. A large number of CAM modalities are adopted, often simultaneously and with little professional oversight. Women's assessment of efficacy of different CAM modalities is positive, though the majority of users are self‐prescribing apparently without professional guidance. Although the uptake of CAM for cyclic perimenstrual pain and discomfort is widespread, few empirical data are available regarding which women are using CAM, their motivations for doing so and, importantly, the sources through which women receive information about CAM.ConclusionsThis review highlights the extensive use of (often self‐prescribed) CAM in a number of countries to alleviate the widespread symptoms of cyclic perimenstrual pain and discomfort. An understanding of all health care use by women with perimenstrual pain and discomfort is vital to help ensure safe, effective and coordinated health care that can lead to optimal patient outcomes.
Is Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation of Living Tissue‐Engineered Valves Feasible? An In Vitro Evaluation Utilizing a Decellularized and Reseeded Biohybrid Valve
Authors: Koenig Fabian , Lee Jang‐Sun , Akra Bassil , Hollweck Trixi , Wintermantel Erich , Hagl Christian , Thierfelder Nikolaus 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTranscatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a fast‐growing, exciting field of invasive therapy. During the last years many innovations significantly improved this technique. However, the prostheses are still associated with drawbacks. The aim of this study was to create cell‐seeded biohybrid aortic valves (BAVs) as an ideal implant by combination of assets of biological and artificial materials. Furthermore, the influence of TAVI procedure on tissue‐engineered BAV was investigated. BAV (n=6) were designed with decellularized homograft cusps and polyurethane walls. They were seeded with fibroblasts and endothelial cells isolated from saphenous veins. Consecutively, BAV were conditioned under low pulsatile flow (500 mL/min) for 5 days in a specialized bioreactor. After conditioning, TAVI‐simulation was performed. The procedure was concluded with re‐perfusion of the BAV for 2 days at an increased pulsatile flow (1100 mL/min). Functionality was assessed by video‐documentation. Samples were taken after each processing step and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), immunohistochemical staining (IHC), and Live/Dead‐assays. The designed BAV were fully functioning and displayed physiologic behavior. After cell seeding, static cultivation and first conditioning, confluent cell layers were observed in SEM. Additionally, IHC indicated the presence of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. A significant construction of extracellular matrix was detected after the conditioning phase. However, a large number of lethal cells were observed after crimping by Live/Dead staining. Analysis revealed that the cells while still being present directly after crimping were removed in subsequent perfusion. Extensive regions of damaged cell‐layers were detected by SEM‐analysis substantiating these findings. Furthermore, increased ICAM expression was detected after re‐perfusion as manifestation of inflammatory reaction. The approach to generate biohybrid valves is promising. However, damages inflicted during the crimping process seem not to be immediately detectable. Due to severe impacts on seeded cells, the strategy of living TE valves for TAVI should be reconsidered.
2 The Limits of Experience: Suffering, Nazi Forced Labor Camps, and Archaeology
Authors: Pollock Susan , Bernbeck Reinhard 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTAs Adorno argued, one of the most fundamentally human experiences is suffering. However, a comparative archaeology of human experience that focuses on suffering raises troubling ethical issues. We draw on our excavations of World War II Nazi‐run forced labor camps at the Tempelhof airfield in Berlin to demonstrate the need to confront suffering archaeologically and, at the same time, the ultimate impossibility of speaking for and about the suffering of others. We argue that thematizing the ambivalence of suffering and the material remains associated with it allows us to draw attention to this paradox and open a space that acknowledges the suffering of people in the past.
Self‐Employment among Same‐Sex and Opposite‐Sex Couples in Canada
Authors: Waite Sean , Denier Nicole 
Published: May 2016

This study presents novel evidence on the relationship between sexual orientation and self‐employment. Using data from the 2001 and 2006 Census of Canada and the 2011 Canadian National Household Survey, we explore the propensity for self‐employment among same‐ and opposite‐sex couples. We examine the demographic, human capital, and family characteristics of coupled gay men and lesbians relative to their coupled heterosexual counterparts to offer potential mechanisms generating differences in rates of self‐employment. Our analysis further considers occupational variability in the likelihood of self‐employment. We find that gay men are less likely and lesbians more likely than heterosexuals to be self‐employed; however, there is significant variation across occupations. Gay men are more likely to be self‐employed in arts and culture, sales and service, and natural and applied sciences, but less likely in business, finance, and health‐related occupations. Lesbians are much more likely to be self‐employed in health‐related occupations, natural and applied sciences, and arts and culture. Marriage and having children are significant predictors of self‐employment for coupled heterosexual women but not lesbians.Cette étude présente des évidences empiriques concernant la relation entre l'orientation sexuelle et le travail indépendant. Utilisant des données provenant du Recensement du Canada de 2001 et de 2006, ainsi que l'Enquête nationale auprès des ménages (ENM) de 2011, nous explorons la tendance du travail indépendant parmi les couples de même sexe et ceux de sexe opposé. Ainsi, nous examinons les caractéristiques démographiques, du capital humain et familiales des couples gais et lesbiens par rapport à leurs homologues hétérosexuels, afin de démontrer une corrélation entre l'orientation sexuelle et la probabilité d’être travailleur indépendant – une causation qui nous semble évident et que nous analysons plus en profondeur. Nous concluons d'ailleurs que les hommes gais sont moins probables – et les lesbiennes plus probables – d’être travailleurs indépendants que les hétérosexuels. Cependant, il existe des variantes significatives entre les différentes occupations. Les hommes homosexuels tendent plutôt à être travailleurs indépendants dans les domaines des arts et de la culture, la vente et les services, ainsi que les sciences pures et les sciences naturelles. Par contre, ils le sont moins dans les domaines des affaires, de la finance et des domaines reliés à la santé. De leur côté, les femmes homosexuelles tendent plutôt à être travailleuses indépendantes dans les domaines reliés à la santé, aux sciences pures et aux sciences naturelles, ainsi qu'aux arts et la culture. Finalement, le fait d’être marié et d'avoir des enfants sont des indicateurs significatifs du travail indépendant pour les femmes en couples hétérosexuels, mais pas pour les lesbiennes.