bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space without scales: established/outsider relations in Hérouxville
Authors: Nieguth Tim , Lacassagne Aurélie 
Published: January 2016

Abstract: Keywords:Established/outsiders, scale, immigration, national identity, settler societies, urban/rural divide Résumé:En 1965, Norbert Elias et John Scotson ont publié un ouvrage dressant les bases des études sur les logiques d’exclusion. Leur analyse a fait l’objet de plusieurs critiques dont le peu d’attention accordée à la question de l’espace. En s’inspirant des travaux de Norbert Elias et de John Scotson, de nouvelles recherches ont tenté de remédier à la situation en accordant plus d’attention aux enjeux d’espace. Du coup, ces études ont grandement contribué au développement d’une sociologie relationnelle. Malgré ces importants développements, un travail important de développement conceptuel subsiste. Cet article suggère que l’approche Éliasienne peut apporter un éclairage important pour la compréhension des dynamiques locales de relations de pouvoir et de construction identitaire en prenant en considération l’importance des jeux de configurations sociales. La prise en compte des configurations sociales au sens Éliasien permet de mettre en relief le caractère simultané et parfois complexes des différents relations sociales en insistant notamment sur le caractère plus vaste des enjeux qui interpellent les acteurs et en s’éloignant d’une compréhension de ces phénomènes (dynamiques et rapports de pouvoir) comme étant le fruit de dynamiques purement locales. Mots clé: dichotomie Established/outsiders; jeux d’échelle; immigration; identité nationale; société coloniale; dichotomie urbain/rural In 1965, Norbert Elias and John Scotson published a seminal study on the dynamics of established/outsider relations. Their analysis has been criticized on several grounds, including its relative inattention to space. A number of recent studies have sought to build on Elias and Scotson's model by putting greater emphasis on space. These studies represent important interventions in the development of a relational approach to local established/outsider relations. Nonetheless, such an approach would benefit from further refinement. In particular, an Eliasian approach can be especially valuable to the study of local power relations and identity constructions if it takes into account the overlapping nature of configurations, emphasizes that individuals are simultaneously embedded in a large number of configurations, recognizes that different spatial contexts are not merely external resources to be manipulated by (local) actors, and refuses to treat conflicts that happen to play out in local contexts as purely local phenomena.
De l’auto ségrégation à l’effacement du particularisme communautaire : le cas des Cantonais de Manille. (Philippines)
Authors: Guéguen Catherine 
Published: January 2016

Résumé: La communauté chinoise aux Philippines est évaluée entre 800 000 et un million d’individus. La moitié de ce groupe réside dans la région de Manille, la capitale du pays. Plus de 90% des Chinois ont leurs racines dans la province littorale du Fujian, les autres sont originaires de la région de Guanzhou (Canton). Arrivés plus tardivement aux Philippines, les Cantonais ont développé des formes d’intégration spécifiques tant au niveau spatial, professionnel et associatif ; lesquelles sont aussi une réponse au flux migratoire réduit puis à son extinction. L’émigration vers l’Amérique du nord pour les Cantonais a constitué une solution pour pallier sa faible intégration économique dans la capitale philippine. La communauté cantonaise de Manille représente un cas d’étude original à l’heure où les flux de populations chinoises sont de plus en plus importants dans le monde. Mots clés :Chinois, Cantonais, Manille, Philippines, Canada, marquage visuel, repli communautaire Abstract:The Chinese community settled in the Philippines members are between 800 000 to one million. Half of it stays in Manila and its region. More than 90 % of the Chinese has their roots in the coastal province of Fujian, the others are from Guangzhou area (Canton). Cantonese migrated lately to the Philippines and developed proper integration ways, spatially, professionally, mostly through a tight association network. Those associations correspond to a light migration wave and to its nowadays extinction. Migrate to North America for a Cantonese person is an opportunity to avoid a lack of economical integration in the capital city of the Philippines. The Manila Cantonese community represents an original case study at a time of massive waves of Chinese populations around the world. Key Words:Chinese, Cantonese, Manila, Philippines, Canada, visual aspects, community fold (self withdrawal)
Diagnóstico da Qualidade do Leite Pasteurizado Distribuído pelo Programa do Leite na Microrregião do Seridó Oriental - RN
Authors: Silva J. K. B. , Andrade R. A. , Falcão R. S. , Gusmão R. P. 
Published: January 2016

Neste trabalho foi avaliada a qualidade do leite pasteurizado distribuído pelo Programa do Leite na microrregião do Seridó Oriental do Rio Grande do Norte. Para a avaliação do leite, foram aplicadas listas de verificação nos pontos de coleta do município de Currais Novos em que foi observada insuficiência do espaço físico e da infraestrutura, ausência de espaço coberto para abrigar filas, ventilação, iluminação, sanitários, freezers, computador e telefone. Ainda, foi observado que não há dedetização e desratização periódicas do ambiente, higienização correta, acondicionamento adequado e coleta diária de lixo. Além disso, foram realizadas análises físico-químicas, que compreenderam a determinação de gordura, teste de alizarol, sólidos não gordurosos, acidez e índice crioscópico, de amostras do leite fornecido por 3 usinas de beneficiamento que fazem parte do programa. As listas de verificação apontaram resultados insatisfatórios quanto à dimensão e infraestrutura dos pontos de entrega. O percentual de amostras que se apresentaram fora dos padrões estabelecidos pela legislação para as análises físico-químicas de gordura, acidez e índice crioscópico foi, respectivamente, 87,5, 62,5 e 100%. Diagnostic of Quality of Pasteurized Milk Distributed by the Milk Program in the Micro Eastern Seridó – RN ABSTRACT - This work evaluated the quality of pasteurized milk delivered by the milk program in the micro eastern Served Rio Grande do Norte. For the evaluation of milk, checklists were applied at collection points in the municipality of New corrals where insufficient physical space and infrastructure, absence of covered rows to house, ventilation, lighting, plumbing, freezers, computer space was observed and phone. Still, it was observed that there is no periodic fumigation and pest control of the environment, proper sanitation, adequate storage and daily garbage collection. In addition, physical and chemical analyzes, which comprised the determination of fat, alizarol test, not fat solids, acidity and cryoscopic index of the milk samples provided by three beneficiation plants that are part of the program were conducted. The checklists showed unsatisfactory results regarding the size and infrastructure of delivery points. The percentage of samples that were outside of the standards established by law for the physico-chemical analysis of fat, acidity and cryoscopic index was, respectively, 87.5, 62.5 and 100%.
Efeito da substância húmica na germinação de sementes de Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.
Authors: Mota A. R. , Da Silva R. J. , De Souza P. B. , Oliveira L. M. , Santos A. C. M. 
Published: January 2016

A<p>As substâncias húmicas originam-se da oxidação e polimerização da matéria orgânica, apresentando elevadas massas moleculares e variados grupos funcionais. Dependendo da solubilidade em meio aquoso, as substâncias húmicas são divididas em ácido húmico, ácido fúlvico e humina. São poucas pesquisas relacionadas aos efeitos das substâncias húmicas na germinação de sementes, e não foram encontrados trabalhos utilizando a espécie <em>Myracrodruon urundeuva </em>Fr. All. A composição das substâncias húmicas é variada, isso dificulta o entendimento de seu efeito. O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de substâncias húmicas na germinação de sementes de <em>Myracrodruon urundeuva </em>Fr. All. O trabalho foi desenvolvido no laboratório de sementes da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, no qual as sementes ficaram imergidas por 12 horas em solução contendo concentrações de 0,00; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,00% de substância húmica, posteriormente foram colocadas para germinar em B.O.D regulada a 25 ºC. Sendo avaliadas através das medidas porcentagem, tempo médio e índice de velocidade de germinação. A aplicação de substâncias húmicas nas concentrações entre 0 e 0,25% pode promover efeito positivo sobre a germinação e o índice de velocidade de germinação de sementes de <em>Myracrodruon urundeuva </em>Fr. All e as concentrações maiores causam efeito fitotóxico.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Effect of humic substance in Myracrodruon urundeuva </em></strong><strong>Fr. All.<em> seed germination</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract - </strong>Humic substances are originated from the oxidation and polymerization of the organic matter, with high molecular weights and diverse functional groups. Depending of the solubility aqueous environment humic substances are divided in humic acid, fulvic acid and humin. There are few researches related to the humic substances effects on seeds germination, and were not found researches using species <em>Myracrodruon urundeuva </em>Fr. A11. Humic substances compositions are varied that makes it hard to understand its effects. The work intended to analyse the effects of different concentrations of humic substances on <em>Myracrodruon urundeuva </em>Fr. All seed germination. The work was developed in the seed laboratory in the Federal University of Tocantins, where the seeds were kept emerged for 12 hours within a solution containing 0.00; 0.25; 0.50; 0.75 and 1.00% of humic substance concentration, were subsequently germinated in B.O.D regulated at 25 °C. These samples have been evaluated by percentage measures, average time and germination speed index. Humic substances application in concentration 0 and 0.25% might provide positive effect on germination and on <em>Myracrodruon urundeuva</em> Fr. All. seeds germination speed index and higher concentrations cause phytotoxic effect.</p><p><strong> </strong></p>
Clinical Analysis of 186 Cases of Postpartum Hemorrhage after Cesarean Section
Authors: Fu Xianyan 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>In this paper, we analyzed retrospectively 186 cases of postpartum hemorrhage in our hospital, and analyzed the characteristics and clinical analysis of postpartum hemorrhage in cesarean section. <strong>Method: </strong>Pregnant women were selected from March 2010 to March 2014 in our hospital. The causes of postpartum hemorrhage and postpartum hemorrhage were compared with natural labor and cesarean section. <strong>Results</strong><strong>: </strong>In 4622 pregnant women, 2631 cases are cesarean section while 1991 cases are vaginal delivery. There were 268 cases of postpartum hemorrhage, including 82 cases of postpartum vaginal bleeding, 186 cases of postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean section. The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage was 7.07%, and the rate vaginal birth postpartum hemorrhage was 4.11%, and there was significant difference between them (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Uterine inertia is two kinds of mode of delivery to the main causes of postpartum hemorrhage, followed by rupture of the soft birth canal and placental factors etc. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cesarean section is the cause of postpartum hemorrhage. It was found that pregnant women postpartum hemorrhage should actively take treatment to ensure the safety of pregnant women in perinatal period.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Foams With Wettability-Altering Capabilities for Oil-Wet Carbonates: A Synergistic Approach
Authors: Singh Robin , Mohanty Kishore K. 
Published: January 2016

Summary
The goal of this work is to systematically study the effect of wettability alteration and foaming, either acting individually or synergistically, on tertiary oil recovery in oil-wet carbonate cores. Three types of anionic-surfactant formulations were used: alkyl propoxy sulfate (APS), which exhibited low interfacial tension (IFT), wettability alteration, and weak foaming; alpha-olefin sulfonate (AOS), which showed no wettability alteration but good foaming; and a blend of APS, AOS, and a zwitterionic-foam booster, which showed low IFT, wettability alteration, and good foaming. First, contact-angle experiments were conducted on oil-wet calcite plates to evaluate their wettability-altering capabilities. Second, spontaneous imbibitions in a microchannel were performed to study the role of IFT reduction and wettability alteration by these formulations. Third, static foam tests were conducted to evaluate their foaming performance in bulk. Fourth, foam-flow experiments were conducted in cores to evaluate potential synergism between the anionic-surfactant AOS and the zwitterionic surfactants in stabilizing foam in the absence of crude oil. Finally, oil-displacement experiments were performed by use of a vuggy, oil-wet, dolomite core saturated with a crude oil. After secondary waterfloods, surfactant solutions were coinjected with methane gas at a fixed foam quality (gas-volume fraction). Contact-angle and spontaneous-imbibition experiments showed that AOS can act as a wettability-altering surfactant in the presence of sodium carbonate, but not alone. No synergy was observed in foam stabilization by means of the blend of zwitterionic surfactant and AOS solution (1:1) in a water-wet carbonate core. Oil-displacement experiments in oil-wet carbonate core revealed that coinjection of wettability-altering surfactant and gas can recover a significant amount of oil [33% original oil in place (OOIP)] over waterflood. During foam flooding, with AOS as the foaming agent, only a weak foam was propagated in a carbonate core, irrespective of the core wettability. A blend of wettability-altering surfactant, AOS, and zwitterionic surfactant not only altered the wettability of carbonate core from oil-wet to water-wet, but also significantly increased the foam-pressure gradient in the presence of crude oil.
Do prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism affect the craniofacial structure?: An experimental study
Authors: Cesur Mine Gecgelen , Cesur Gokhan , Ogrenim Mert , Alkan Afra 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effect of experimental prenatal and postnatal hypothyroidism (HT) on the craniofacial structure in rats.
Materials and Methods: Female Wistar albino rats were mated with males for fertilization. Pregnant rats were divided into three groups. Group 1 (methimazole [MMI]-induced prenatal hypothyroidism group) mother rats were given MMI water during and after pregnancy. Group 2 (MMI-induced postnatal hypothyroidism group) mother rats were given MMI water after pregnancy. After the breast-feeding period, group 1 and 2 rat pups received the same water as their lactating mothers drank. Group 3 (control group) pregnant rats and rat pups were given normal tap water. When the rat pups were 90 days of age, lateral cephalometric and posteroanterior films were taken under anesthesia.
Results: Posteroanterior radiographs revealed that palatal, cranial, bizygomatic arch, and bigonial width measurements were significantly shorter in prenatal HT and postnatal HT groups compared to the control group (P &lt; .001). Intragroup comparisons in lateral cephalometric radiographs showed that, nearly all of the comparisons were statistically significant (P &lt; .05), with the exception of the Co-Gn, E-Pg/S-Gn measurements between the prenatal and postnatal HT groups.
Conclusions: Sagittal and transverse measurements showed that untreated HT has detrimental effects on the growth of the maxilla and mandible.
Comparative Associations of Working Memory and Pain Catastrophizing With Chronic Low Back Pain Intensity
Authors: Simon Corey B. , Lentz Trevor A. , Bishop Mark D. , Riley Joseph L. , Fillingim Roger B. , George Steven Z. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background
Because of its high global burden, determining biopsychosocial influences of chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a research priority. Psychological factors such as pain catastrophizing are well established. However, cognitive factors such as working memory warrant further investigation to be clinically useful.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine how working memory and pain catastrophizing are associated with CLBP measures of daily pain intensity and movement-evoked pain intensity.

Design
This study was a cross-sectional analysis of individuals with ≥3 months of CLBP (n=60) compared with pain-free controls (n=30).

Method
Participants completed measures of working memory, pain catastrophizing, and daily pain intensity. Movement-evoked pain intensity was assessed using the Back Performance Scale. Outcome measures were compared between individuals with CLBP and those who were pain-free using nonparametric testing. Associations were determined using multivariate regression analyses.

Results
Participants with CLBP (mean age=47.7 years, 68% female) had lower working memory performance (P=.008) and higher pain catastrophizing (P&lt;.001) compared with pain-free controls (mean age=47.6 years, 63% female). For individuals with CLBP, only working memory remained associated with daily pain intensity (R2=.07, standardized beta=−.308, P=.041) and movement-evoked pain intensity (R2=.14, standardized beta=−.502, P=.001) after accounting for age, sex, education, and interactions between pain catastrophizing and working memory.

Limitations
The cross-sectional design prevented prospective analysis. Findings also are not indicative of overall working memory (eg, spatial) or cognitive performance.

Conclusion
Working memory demonstrated the strongest association with daily pain and movement-evoked pain intensity compared with (and after accounting for) established CLBP factors. Future research will elucidate the prognostic value of working memory on prevention and recovery of CLBP.
Recent advances in Immunobullous diseases
Authors: Bhari N , Verma K K 
Published: January 2016

The researches in the recent past have led to better understanding of pathogenesis, diagnostic methods and treatment of autoimmune bullous diseases. Significant advances in our understanding of pathogenesis of pemphigus have resulted in development of multiple pathogenic models and discovery of new signalling pathways involved in its pathogenesis. Various newer clinical variants have been described and diagnostic methods have been developed. Disease activity scoring methods in pemphigus provide comparable and interpretable results which facilitate better understanding of disease activity and assessment of treatment response. Use of biological agents have led to better control of disease activity and other newer therapeutic options are being explored.NJDVL Vol. 13, No. 1, 2015 Page: 1-11
Comparison of clotrimazole 1% cream with 50% tea tree oil extract in a cream base for the treatment of tinea corporis/cruris: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Pokharel Achyut , Yaptinchay C , Thaebtharm A E 
Published: January 2016

Background: Tinea cruris and corporis are common diseases and can be widespread. Estimated lifetime probability of contracting the disease is as high as 10-20%. Dermatophytic infections are one of the three most frequently observed skin diseases among poor communities in tropical countries. Tea tree oil exerts its antifungal activity by altering membrane properties and compromising membrane associated function resulting in clinical improvement and mycological cure of superficial dermatophytes. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy and safety of tea tree oil 50% in a cream base compared with clotrimazole 1% cream for the treatment of tinea corporis or cruris. Material and Methods: Sixty patients were enrolled in the study and randomized into tea tree oil and clotrimazole groups with 30 patients in each group. Both groups were instructed to apply cream two times a day after cleaning with soap for 4 weeks. The patients were asked to follow-up every 2 weeks for photography, microscopic and clinical assessment. Before enrollment, patient signed a written consent form. Results: Using intention to treat analysis, the assessment of mycological cure, clinical cure, global physician assessments and overall patient perception were done. There were no statistical difference of all the parameters between tea tree oil group and clotrimazole group. Conclusion: Tea tree oil 50% cream is safe and as effective as clotrimazole 1% cream for the treatment of tinea corporis or cruris.NJDVL Vol. 13, No. 1, 2015 Page: 24-30
Germline mutations in pancreatic cancer become better defined
Authors: Barton Mary Kay 
Published: January 2016

Key Points

Germline mutations occur in approximately 15% of patients with PAC.
These 2 studies suggest that genetic counseling and testing are appropriate for patients with early‐onset PAC or a family history of PAC, those with one of several associated cancers, and those of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.
Further study and guidelines are needed to integrate genetic testing for PAC into practice.
IMAGING PROMINENCE ERUPTIONS OUT TO 1 AU
Authors: Wood Brian E. , Howard Russell A. , Linton Mark G. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Views of two bright prominence eruptions trackable all the way to 1 AU are here presented, using the heliospheric imagers on the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO) spacecraft. The two events first erupted from the Sun on 2011 June 7 and 2012 August 31, respectively. Only these two examples of clear prominence eruptions observable this far from the Sun could be found in the STEREO image database, emphasizing the rarity of prominence eruptions this persistently bright. For the 2011 June event, a time-dependent 3D reconstruction of the prominence structure is made using point-by-point triangulation. This is not possible for the August event due to a poor viewing geometry. Unlike the coronal mass ejection (CME) that accompanies it, the 2011 June prominence exhibits little deceleration from the Sun to 1 AU, as a consequence moving upwards within the CME. This demonstrates that prominences are not necessarily tied to the CME's magnetic structure far from the Sun. A mathematical framework is developed for describing the degree of self-similarity for the prominence's expansion away from the Sun. This analysis suggests only modest deviations from self-similar expansion, but close to the Sun the prominence expands radially somewhat more rapidly than self-similarity would predict.