bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zeolite‐loaded alginate‐chitosan hydrogel beads as a topical hemostat
Authors: Fathi Parinaz , Sikorski Michael , Christodoulides Katerina , Langan Kristen , Choi Yoon Sun , Titcomb Michael , Ghodasara Anjali , Wonodi Omasiri , Thaker Hemi , Vural Mert , Behrens Adam , Kofinas Peter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death after a traumatic injury, and the largest contributor to loss of productive years of life. Hemostatic agents accelerate hemostasis and help control hemorrhage by concentrating coagulation factors, acting as procoagulants and/or interacting with erythrocytes and platelets. Hydrogel composites offer a platform for targeting both mechanical and biological hemostatic mechanisms. The goal of this work was to develop hydrogel particles composed of chitosan, alginate, and zeolite, and to assess their potential to promote blood coagulation via multiple mechanisms: erythrocyte adhesion, factor concentration, and the ability to serve as a mechanical barrier to blood loss. Several particle compositions were synthesized and characterized. Hydrogel bead composition was optimized to achieve the highest swelling capacity, greatest erythrocyte adhesion, and minimal in vitro cytotoxicity. These results suggest a polymer hydrogel‐aluminosilicate composite material may serve as a platform for an effective hemostatic agent that incorporates multiple mechanisms of action. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1662–1671, 2018.
Mechanical, chemical and biological damage modes within head‐neck tapers of CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V contemporary hip replacements
Authors: Hall Deborah J. , Pourzal Robin , Lundberg Hannah J. , Mathew Mathew T. , Jacobs Joshua J. , Urban Robert M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTotal hip replacement (THR) failure due to mechanically assisted crevice corrosion within modular head‐neck taper junctions remains a major concern. Several processes leading to the generation of detrimental corrosion products have been reported in first generation modular devices. Contemporary junctions differ in their geometries, surface finishes, and head alloy. This study specifically provides an overview for CoCrMo/CoCrMo and CoCrMo/Ti6Al4V head‐neck contemporary junctions. A retrieval study of 364 retrieved THRs was conducted which included visual examination and determination of damage scores, as well as the examination of damage features using scanning electron microscopy. Different separately occurring or overlapping damage modes were identified that appeared to be either mechanically or chemically dominated. Mechanically dominated damage features included plastic deformation, fretting, and material transfer, whereas chemically dominate damage included pitting corrosion, etching, intergranular corrosion, phase boundary corrosion, and column damage. Etching associated cellular activity was also observed. Furthermore, fretting corrosion, formation of thick oxide films, and imprinting were observed which appeared to be the result of both mechanical and chemical processes. The occurrence and extent of damage caused by different modes was shown to depend on the material, the material couple, and alloy microstructure. In order to minimize THR failure due to material degradation within modular junctions, it is important to distinguish different damage modes, determine their cause, and identify appropriate counter measures, which may differ depending on the material, specific microstructural alloy features, and design factors such as surface topography. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1672–1685, 2018.
Sarcopenia is negatively associated with long‐term outcomes in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Choi Moon Hyung , Oh Soon Nam , Lee In Kyu , Oh Seong Taek , Won Daeyoun David 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe association of sarcopenia and visceral obesity to treatment outcome is not clear for locally advanced rectal cancer. This study evaluates the influence of skeletal muscle and visceral fat on short‐term and long‐term outcomes in locally advanced rectal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy followed by curative resection.MethodsA total of 188 patients with locally advanced cancer were included between January 2009 and December 2013. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was followed by curative resection. Sarcopenia and visceral obesity were identified in initial staging CT by measuring the muscle and visceral fat area at the third lumbar vertebra level.ResultsAmong the 188 included patients, 74 (39.4%) patients were sarcopenic and 97 (51.6%) patients were viscerally obese. Sarcopenia and high levels of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen were significant prognostic factors for overall survival (P = 0.013, 0.014, respectively) in the Cox regression multivariate analysis. Visceral obesity was not associated with overall survival; however, it did tend to shorten disease‐free survival (P = 0.079).ConclusionsSarcopenia is negatively associated with overall survival in locally advanced rectal cancer patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and curative resection. Visceral obesity tended to shorten disease‐free survival. Future studies should be directed to optimize patient conditions according to body composition status.
Automation and control system for fluid dynamic stability in hollow‐fiber membrane bioreactor for cell culture
Authors: Naghib Seyed Danial , Di Maio Francesco P , De Bartolo Loredana , Curcio Efrem , Di Renzo Alberto 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn recent years, biochemical and biotechnological engineering has been applied to the culture of human and animal tissue cells, which requires the design, operation and control of complex bioreactors. Hollow fibre membrane bioreactors provide favourable conditions for cellular function and metabolism. To develop bioartificial systems ensuring stable and long‐term operation, fluid dynamics and transport phenomena require careful automation strategies.RESULTSStarting from a crossed hollow‐fiber membrane bioreactor for the culture of complex cell systems configured to operate manually, a 2×2 liquid level/flow‐rate control system is experimentally developed and thoroughly tested for its robustness against liquid level or flow‐rate set‐point changes and disturbances arising from loop interaction. The automation system is shown to be fast for flow‐rate and sufficiently reliable for liquid level (response times of minutes). Limitations are mostly owing to flow‐rate difference constraints and level sensor noise, both originating from cell culture requirements. Prolonged operation (27 days) of the bioreactor in maintaining human hepatocytes in a three‐cell co‐culture system is presented and discussed.CONCLUSIONThe results shown in the present work allow improving the understanding of the dynamic behaviour of a membrane bioreactor for biomedical application and examining the possibility to run the bioreactor under fully automated pre‐set conditions smoothly and for extended periods of time. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Novel microbial and root mediated green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles and its application in wastewater remediation
Authors: Fulekar Jyoti , Dutta Dimple P , Pathak Bhawana , Fulekar Madhusudan H 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDRhizosphere is a natural phenomenon which has been identified as plant assisted bioremediation and comprises of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes along the root zone. Rhizosphere can be enhanced by providing the nutrients and favourable environmental condition and is considered an ecological remediation unit. In the present study, mycorrhizal sorghum roots and bacterial strains present therein have been used as a natural source for the synthesis of photocatalytic TiO2 nanoparticles.RESULTSThe microorganisms from the root zone of the rhizosphere were isolated and identified by 16srDNA. The microorganisms Micrococcus lylae (MF1), Micrococcus aloeverae (MF2), Cellulosimicrobium sp. (MF3), their consortium and the root extracts were found to be effective for synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles. The synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized by XRD, TEM and FTIR. These synthesized nanoparticles were used for photodegradation of methyl orange dye under the influence of UV light in a reactor.CONCLUSIONThe rhizospheric microorganisms and roots have been established as a novel natural source for synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles and were found to be effective for the degradation of toxic methyl orange dye. This green synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles is beneficial for hazardous wastewater remediation to clean up the environment. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Shame, Poverty and Development Studies
Authors: Engel Susan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDevelopment studies have been slow to explore and embrace the burgeoning field of emotions research, yet increasingly development interventions are adopting emotions‐based strategies, including the deliberate use of shaming. This article reviews the implications of a new three volume collection on poverty and shame for development studies, arguing that it offers a fruitful avenue for research that focuses on understanding the lived experiences, perceptions and feelings of the poor, as opposed to conventional uncompassionate qualitative analysis.
Do the Chinese Bring Chitukuko? Rural Malawian Understandings of Chinese Development
Authors: McNamara Thomas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Government of China assists Malawi with infrastructure, grants and loans, and Chinese businesses provide cheap commodities to Malawians. Despite this, Tumbuka northern Malawians do not conceptualise the Chinese as doing development. Rather, they perceive the Government of China as exploiting their government and conceptualise Chinese goods as signifiers of Malawi's underdevelopment. This article argues that Tumbuka apprehensions about China reflect a prominent Malawian discourse, where ‘development’ is associated with westernisation and is gifted into a nation and community by wealthy outsiders. This finding goes someway to explaining Malawians' reactions to Chinese ‘developers’ and presents a challenge to western development norms. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of the salivary volume flow rate in the parotid duct using the time‐spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time‐SLIP) technique at MRI: A feasibility study
Authors: Fukumoto Wataru , Higaki Toru , Matsuoka Yoshiko , Tatsugami Fuminari , Baba Yasutaka , Iida Makoto , Awai Kazuo 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundWe developed a method to quantify the volume flow rate (VFR) using the time‐spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time‐SLIP) technique to evaluate salivary function.Purpose/HypothesisTo investigate the accuracy of quantification of the salivary VFR using the Time‐SLIP technique in phantoms and to examine the feasibility of its use in human subjects.Study TypeThis was a prospective phantom and volunteer study.Population/Subjects/Phantom/Specimen/Animal ModelA phantom and 23 normal volunteers who fasted at least 2 hours study was performed.Field Strength/SequenceFlow images of the phantom and the parotid duct of 23 volunteers were acquired on a 3T‐MRI scanner using the Time‐SLIP technique.AssessmentHypothesizing that flow aggregates in the conducting duct, we measured the VFR on flow images. In the phantom study, the actual VFR (slow, medium, fast flow) was controlled by an automatic pump system and the measured VFR was compared with the actual VFR on flow images. In the human study we injected citric acid into the mouth of healthy volunteers to stimulate saliva secretion and recorded the VFR.Statistical TestsAs this study was a feasibility study, statistical tests were not performed.ResultsIn the phantom study, the VFR at slow, medium, and fast flow was 5.7 ± 0.4 (SD), 8.4 ± 0.3, and 12.2 ± 1.1 mm3/sec, respectively. The error between the measured and actual VFR values was 2.8–3.7%. Salivary flow in the parotid duct was visualized in 22 of the 23 volunteers. The mean VFR was 8760 mm3/10 min.Data ConclusionWhen salivary flow was stimulated with citric acid in normal volunteers, the salivary VFR could be obtained using the Time‐SLIP technique.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:928–935.
Optimizing a micro‐computed tomography‐based surrogate measurement of bone‐implant contact
Authors: Meagher Matthew J. , Parwani Rachna N. , Virdi Amarjit S. , Sumner Dale R. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTHistology and backscatter scanning electron microscopy (bSEM) are the current gold standard methods for quantifying bone‐implant contact (BIC), but are inherently destructive. Microcomputed tomography (μCT) is a non‐destructive alternative, but attempts to validate μCT‐based assessment of BIC in animal models have produced conflicting results. We previously showed in a rat model using a 1.5 mm diameter titanium implant that the extent of the metal‐induced artefact precluded accurate measurement of bone sufficiently close to the interface to assess BIC. Recently introduced commercial laboratory μCT scanners have smaller voxels and improved imaging capabilities, possibly overcoming this limitation. The goals of the present study were to establish an approach for optimizing μCT imaging parameters and to validate μCT‐based assessment of BIC. In an empirical parametric study using a 1.5 mm diameter titanium implant, we determined 90 kVp, 88 µA, 1.5 μm isotropic voxel size, 1600 projections/180°, and 750 ms integration time to be optimal. Using specimens from an in vivo rat experiment, we found significant correlations between bSEM and μCT for BIC with the manufacturer's automated analysis routine (r = 0.716, p = 0.003) or a line‐intercept method (r = 0.797, p = 0.010). Thus, this newer generation scanner's improved imaging capability reduced the extent of the metal‐induced artefact zone enough to permit assessment of BIC. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:979–986, 2018.
Determination of materials and techniques involved in the mural paintings of San Miguel Church, Argentina
Authors: Tascon Marcos , Mastrangelo Noemi , Gallegos Damasia , Marte Fernando 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe research conducted on the mural paintings of the dome and aisles of the San Miguel Church, Buenos Aires, Argentina, is herein described in this work. Based on the results attained from the stratigraphic analysis, the technique implemented by the architect and artist Augusto Ferrari was secco. The composition of the mortar in the majority of the samples collected was gypsum (CaSO4 · 2 H2O) and calcite (CaCO3), whereas the preparation layer was mainly characterized by the presence of gypsum and cerussite (PbCO3). In addition, the red pigments were characterized in all cases as hematite (Fe2O3) whereas orange and ochre colors were achieved by mixing chrome yellow (PbCrO4), chrome orange (PbCrO4·PbO), and gypsum and barite (BaSO4). Moreover, all the range of blue samples found in this mural paintings were characterized as lazurite (Na8 [Al6Si6O24] Sn). Finally, the gildings were composed of a superficial layer of gold of approximately 5‐μm thickness, followed by a layer of hematite and chrome yellow. The latter was also employed as a yellow pigment in all of the analyzed works of art. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that the use of complementary and microdestructive spectroscopic methodologies is a very useful tool to determine not only the materiality but also the execution technique of the painting in order to assess, in an interdisciplinary approach, the future restoration and preservation strategies.
Influence of tumor response and treatment schedule on the distribution of tumor recurrence in esophageal cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Jipping Kristien M. , Hulshoff Jan Binne , van Amerongen Evita A. , Bright Tim I. , Watson David I. , Plukker John Th.M. 
Published: August 2017

Background and ObjectivesThe impact of different neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) schedules and pathologic complete response (pCR) on the distribution of recurrence is unclear in esophageal cancer (EC). We assessed the effect of pCR and nCRT schedule in EC.MethodsPatients with T1N+/T2‐4aN0‐3/M0 EC treated in different centers, with either carboplatin/paclitaxel/41.4 Gy (CROSS: n = 134) or Cisplatin/5‐fluorouracil/45‐50.4 Gy (Cis/5FU: n = 88) followed by surgery were included. The effect of pCR on distribution and site‐specific recurrence was determined for the CROSS group. After propensity score matching we compared the impact of both schedules (n = 63 each) on the recurrence pattern.ResultsOverall (P = 0.005) and disease‐free survival (P = 0.002) were significantly longer after pCR (n = 24). The pattern of recurrence differed between pCR and non‐pCR group (P = 0.001) for locoregional (0 vs 7; 6.4%), distant (5; 20.8% vs 36; 32.7%), and combined local and distant (0 vs 21; 19.1%), respectively. After pCR, less local and distant recurrences were seen (P = 0.008). With equal median time to recurrence, the distribution of metastases only differed for lung metastases (P = 0.029), with 15 (23.8%) in the CROSS group versus 6 (9.5%) following Cis/5FU.ConclusionsPatients with pCR have less local and distant recurrence. The nCRT regime had a minor influence on the site‐specific distribution of recurrence.
Stereoselective determination of dufulin in watermelon under field conditions using chiral ultra high performance liquid chromatography with high‐resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Zheng Kunming , Gong Jin , Li Xiaoqin , Jia Guifei , Wu Sizhuo , Zhang Haizhen , Hu Deyu , Zhang Kankan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn effective and sensitive chiral analytical method was established to investigate the stereoselective dissipation of rac‐dufulin in watermelon using ultra high performance liquid chromatography with a superchiral S‐OD chiral column (4.6 × 150 mm i.d., 5 μm) coupled with high‐resolution mass spectrometry. To optimize the pretreatment method for detecting rac‐dufulin in the three matrixes, different extraction solvents, extractant volumes, extraction times, and absorbents were investigated to improve extraction efficiency. Moreover, analysis of variance was used to perform method validation for determination of the two dufulin enantiomers in the three matrixes. Using the optimized method, good linearity was obtained (determination coefficient > 0.999). The limits of detection and quantification of the two dufulin enantiomers in soil, watermelon, and pulp were 0.15 and 0.5 μg/kg, respectively. The average recoveries of the two enantiomers in the three matrixes at four spiked levels ranged from 75.0 to 107.8%, with intra‐ and inter‐day relative standard deviations of 0.4–10.4%. In field trials, the R enantiomer was preferentially dissipated in watermelon. These method validation results confirmed that the developed method was convenient and reliable for the stereoselective determination of enantiomers of rac‐dufulin in watermelon.
A longitudinal simulation‐based ethical–legal curriculum for otolaryngology residents
Authors: Fanous Amanda , Rappaport Jamie , Young Meredith , Park Yoon Soo , Manoukian John , Nguyen Lily H. P. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo develop, implement, and evaluate a longitudinal, simulation‐based ethics and legal curriculum designed specifically for otolaryngology residents.MethodsOtolaryngology residents were recruited to participate in a yearly half‐day ethical–legal module, the curriculum of which spanned 4 years. Each module included: three simulated scenarios, small‐group multisource feedback, and large‐group debriefings. Scenarios involved encounters with standardized patients. Residents' ethical–legal knowledge was assessed pre‐ and postmodule with multiple‐choice questions, and ethical reasoning was assessed by a variety of evaluators during the simulated scenario using a locally developed assessment tool. Participants completed an exit survey at the end of each module.ResultsEighteen residents completed four modules from the academic years of 2008 to 2009 to 2011 to 2012. The first year was considered a pilot module, and data were collected for the following 3 years. Knowledge of legal issues improved significantly among residents (mean at pre = 3.40 and post = 4.60, P < 0.05). Residents' ethical reasoning skills also improved across years (mean 3.60/5 in 2009–2010, 3.76/5 in 2010–2011, and 4.33 in 2011–2012, P < 0.05). Survey results revealed a statistically significant self‐perceived improvement in ethics reasoning skills (mean pre = 3.62, post = 4.86, P < 0.05). Participants reported that the curriculum was relevant to their practice (85%), that the debriefings were of high quality (83%), and that they would recommend this module to others (88%).ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study exploring a longitudinal simulation‐based ethical–legal curriculum tailored to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery residents. This educational program resulted in a both objective and subjective improvement in legal and ethics knowledge and skills.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:2501–2509, 2017
A randomized controlled trial of corticosteroids for pain after transoral robotic surgery
Authors: Clayburgh Daniel , Stott Will , Bolognone Rachel , Palmer Andrew , Achim Virginie , Troob Scott , Li Ryan , Brickman Daniel , Graville Donna , Andersen Peter , Gross Neil D. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo determine if an extended perioperative course of corticosteroids will improve pain control following transoral robotic surgery (TORS).Study DesignRandomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.MethodsPatients undergoing TORS for initial treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma received a single intraoperative dose of 10‐mg dexamethasone and then were randomized to receive 8‐mg dexamethasone every 8 hours, or placebo, for up to 4 days after surgery. Pain, measured by visual analog scale (VAS), was the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome measures included length of stay, dysphagia assessments, and complications.ResultsVAS pain scores were similar between steroid and placebo cohorts on postoperative day (POD) 1, 2, and 7 through 21, although they significantly improved in the steroid cohort on POD 3. The steroid cohort also demonstrated a decreased hospital length of stay (median 1 day) and improvement in diet consistency, as measured by the performance status scale on POD 7 through 21. There was no difference in complications between the steroid and placebo cohorts.ConclusionExtended perioperative corticosteroids after TORS is safe and may allow earlier improvement in diet consistency and decreased length of hospital stay, although postoperative pain appears minimally affected.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 127:2558–2564, 2017