bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Weibel-Palade body size modulates the adhesive activity of its von Willebrand Factor cargo in cultured endothelial cells
Authors: Ferraro Francesco , da Silva Mafalda Lopes , Grimes William , Lee Hwee Kuan , Ketteler Robin , Kriston-Vizi Janos , Cutler Daniel F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractChanges in the size of cellular organelles are often linked to modifications in their function. Endothelial cells store von Willebrand Factor (vWF), a glycoprotein essential to haemostasis in Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs), cigar-shaped secretory granules that are generated in a wide range of sizes. We recently showed that forcing changes in the size of WPBs modifies the activity of this cargo. We now find that endothelial cells treated with statins produce shorter WPBs and that the vWF they release at exocytosis displays a reduced capability to recruit platelets to the endothelial cell surface. Investigating other functional consequences of size changes of WPBs, we also report that the endothelial surface-associated vWF formed at exocytosis recruits soluble plasma vWF and that this process is reduced by treatments that shorten WPBs, statins included. These results indicate that the post-exocytic adhesive activity of vWF towards platelets and plasma vWF at the endothelial surface reflects the size of their storage organelle. Our findings therefore show that changes in WPB size, by influencing the adhesive activity of its vWF cargo, may represent a novel mode of regulation of platelet aggregation at the vascular wall.
Effects of early feeding on the host rumen transcriptome and bacterial diversity in lambs
Authors: Wang Weimin , Li Chong , Li Fadi , Wang Xiaojuan , Zhang Xiaoxue , Liu Ting , Nian Fang , Yue Xiangpeng , Li Fei , Pan Xiangyu , La Yongfu , Mo Futao , Wang Fangbin , Li Baosheng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEarly consumption of starter feed promotes rumen development in lambs. We examined rumen development in lambs fed starter feed for 5 weeks using histological and biochemical analyses and by performing high-throughput sequencing in rumen tissues. Additionally, rumen contents of starter feed-fed lambs were compared to those of breast milk-fed controls. Our physiological and biochemical findings revealed that early starter consumption facilitated rumen development, changed the pattern of ruminal fermentation, and increased the amylase and carboxymethylcellulase activities of rumen micro-organisms. RNA-seq analysis revealed 225 differentially expressed genes between the rumens of breast milk- and starter feed-fed lambs. These DEGs were involved in many metabolic pathways, particularly lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and included HMGCL and HMGCS2. Sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA genes revealed that ruminal bacterial communities were more diverse in breast milk-than in starter feed-fed lambs, and each group had a distinct microbiota. We conclude that early starter feeding is beneficial to rumen development and physiological function in lambs. The underlying mechanism may involve the stimulation of ruminal ketogenesis and butanoate metabolism via HMGCL and HMGCS2 combined with changes in the fermentation type induced by ruminal microbiota. Overall, this study provides insights into the molecular mechanisms of rumen development in sheep.
Genetic Analysis Shows that Morphology Alone Cannot Distinguish Asian Carp Eggs from Those of Other Cyprinid Species
Authors: Larson James H. , Grace McCalla S. , Chapman Duane C. , Rees Christopher , Knights Brent C. , Vallazza Jon M. , George Amy E. , Richardson William B. , Amberg Jon 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Fish eggs and embryos (hereafter collectively referred to as “eggs”) were collected in the upper Mississippi River main stem (~300 km upstream of previously reported spawning by invasive Asian carp) during summer 2013. Based on previously published morphological characteristics, the eggs were identified as belonging to Asian carp. A subsample of the eggs was subsequently analyzed by using molecular methods to determine species identity. Genetic identification using the cytochrome-c oxidase 1 gene was attempted for a total of 41 eggs. Due to the preservation technique used (formalin) and the resulting DNA degradation, sequences were recovered from only 17 individual eggs. In all 17 cases, cyprinids other than Asian carp (usually Notropis sp.) were identified as the most likely species. In previously published reports, a key characteristic that distinguished Asian carp eggs from those of other cyprinids was size: Asian carp eggs exhibited diameters ranging from 4.0 to 6.0 mm and were thought to be much larger than the otherwise similar eggs of native species. Eggs from endemic cyprinids were believed to rarely reach 3.0 mm and had not been observed to exceed 3.3 mm. However, many of the eggs that were genetically identified as originating from native cyprinids were as large as 4.0 mm in diameter (at early developmental stages) and were therefore large enough to overlap with the lower end of the size range observed for Asian carp eggs. Researchers studying the egg stages of Asian carp and other cyprinids should plan on preserving subsets of eggs for genetic analysis to confirm morphological identifications.
Received July 30, 2015; accepted April 22, 2016 Published online August 31, 2016
Mapping Lake Sturgeon Spawning Habitat in the Upper Tennessee River using Side-Scan Sonar
Authors: Walker Daniel J. , Alford J. Brian 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens is a fish species that was once dispersed widely throughout the Mississippi River drainage but was largely extirpated from the southern portions of its range by overfishing and habitat degradation. There is an ongoing restoration effort to reestablish the Lake Sturgeon to rivers of the southeastern United States. Reintroduced juvenile Lake Sturgeon now occupy several reservoirs separated from each other by hydroelectric dams along the upper Tennessee River. To complete their life history, Lake Sturgeon will migrate upriver from reservoir habitats to more lotic habitats and spawn over coarse rocky substrate, even in the tailwaters of impassable dams. Using low-cost, consumer-grade, side-scan sonar and a GIS, we mapped the substrate of four tailwaters that may be future spawning locations for Lake Sturgeon. We used video imagery collected from random locations within the mapped areas to validate our digitization of sonar imagery. We calculated the area of four substrate classes displayed in the maps to evaluate that aspect of the suitability of each of the tailwaters for Lake Sturgeon spawning. The revised maps showed that the best spawning substrate (unembedded, coarse, rocky substrate, 6–25 cm in diameter) comprised 17.0–30.5% of the total area mapped at each tailwater, while the least suitable substrate class (fine sediment, &lt;0.2 cm in diameter) comprised 6.2–30.7% of the mapped areas. Our results suggest that any future spawning events by Lake Sturgeon below each of these dams are likely to encounter some suitable spawning substrate patches, while management opportunities exist to supplement tailwater areas with suitable spawning substrate.
Received March 11, 2016; accepted May 30, 2016 Published online August 31, 2016
Duras et la littérature de quatre sous: un malentendu?
Authors: Killeen Marie-Chantal 
Published: August 2016

Résumé
Qu’en est-il donc de Marguerite Duras et du romanesque? On sait que l’écrivaine n’a jamais rougi d’exploiter les poncifs les plus rebattus de la littérature de quatre sous: les triangles amoureux, les femmes fatales et les coups de foudre sont autant de motifs qu’elle ressasse inlassablement dans ses œuvres. Afin de chasser ce spectre gênant du roman populaire, plusieurs critiques se sont appliqués à montrer les entorses que l’auteure lui fait subir. Selon ces lecteurs, Duras ne mobiliserait les tropes du roman de gare que pour mieux démonter les mythes qu’il véhicule. Mais suffit-il de dépister ce leurre pour que se dissipe le ‘malentendu’ qui pèse sur l’œuvre? Ce n’est pas sûr. Car si l’écrivaine s’ingénie à éviter l’écueil du kitsch en rusant avec les codes qu’elle reproduit, elle ne les tourne pas pour autant en dérision. C’est justement ce refus de l’ironie qui constitue une part indéniable de son génie et du plaisir qu’on prend à la lire. En nous concentrant ici sur deux clichés du roman rose que Duras revivifie à sa manière singulière — le coup de foudre et le désir de mourir d’amour —, nous examinons le rapport décidément ambivalent que son œuvre noue à la littérature de grande consommation.
Changes in the quality of care during progress from stage 1 to stage 2 of Meaningful Use
Authors: Levine David M , Healey Michael J , Wright Adam , Bates David W , Linder Jeffrey A , Samal Lipika 
Published: August 2016

Background: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) canceled Meaningful Use (MU), replacing it with Advancing Care Information, which preserves many MU elements. Therefore, transitioning from MU stage 1 to MU stage 2 has important implications for the new policy, yet the quality of care provided by physicians transitioning from MU1 to MU2 is unknown.
Methods: Retrospective longitudinal evaluation of the quality of care delivered by outpatient physicians at an academic medical center in the transition between MU1 and MU2.
Results: Between MU1 and MU2, 4 measures improved: hypertension control (35% vs 40%), influenza immunization (63% vs 68%), tobacco use assessment/counseling (86% vs 96%), and diabetes control (93% vs 96%; P all &lt;.01). One worsened: senior weight screening/follow-up (54% vs 49%; P &lt; .01). Two were unchanged: chlamydia screening and adult weight screening/follow-up.
Conclusion: In this single-site study, when clinicians progressed from MU1 to MU2, 4 quality measures improved, 2 were unchanged, and 1 worsened. Analysis of national data should guide policy decisions about the content of MU’s successor.
The GhTT2_A07 gene is linked to the brown colour and natural flame retardancy phenotypes of Lc1 cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) fibres
Authors: Hinchliffe Doug J. , Condon Brian D. , Thyssen Gregory , Naoumkina Marina , Madison Crista A. , Reynolds Michael , Delhom Christopher D. , Fang David D. , Li Ping , McCarty Jack 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Some naturally coloured brown cotton fibres from accessions of Gossypium hirsutum L. can be used to make textiles with enhanced flame retardancy (FR). Several independent brown fibre loci have been identified and mapped to chromosomes, but the underlying genes have not yet been identified, and the mechanism of lint fibre FR is not yet fully understood. In this study, we show that both the brown colour and enhanced FR of the Lc1 lint colour locus are linked to a 1.4Mb inversion on chromosome A07 that is immediately upstream of a gene with similarity to Arabidopsis TRANSPARENT TESTA 2 (TT2). As a result of the alternative upstream sequence, the transcription factor GhTT2_A07 is highly up-regulated in developing fibres. In turn, genes in the phenylpropanoid metabolic pathway are activated, leading to biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins and accumulation of inorganic elements. We show that enhanced FR and anthocyanin precursors appear in developing brown fibres well before the brown colour is detectible, demonstrating for the first time that the polymerized proanthocyanidins that constitute the brown colour are not the source of enhanced FR. Identifying the particular colourless metabolite that provides Lc1 cotton with enhanced FR could help minimize the use of synthetic chemical flame retardant additives in textiles.
Hyperspectral phenotyping of the reaction of grapevine genotypes to Plasmopara viticola
Authors: Oerke Erich-Christian , Herzog Katja , Toepfer Reinhard 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A major aim in grapevine breeding is the provision of cultivars resistant to downy mildew. As Plasmopara viticola produces sporangia on the abaxial surface of susceptible cultivars, disease symptoms on both leaf sides may be detected and quantified by technical sensors. The response of cultivars ‘Mueller-Thurgau’, ‘Regent’, and ‘Solaris’, which differ in resistance to P. viticola , was characterized under controlled conditions by using hyperspectral sensors. Spectral reflectance was suitable to differentiate between non-infected cultivars and leaf sides of the bicolored grapevine. Brown discoloration of tissue became visible on both leaf sides of resistant cultivars 2 days before downy mildew symptoms appeared on the susceptible ‘Mueller-Thurgau’ cultivar. Infection of this cultivar resulted in significant ( P &lt;0.05) reflectance changes 1–2 days prior to abaxial sporulation induced by high relative humidity, or the formation of adaxial oil spots. Hyperspectral imaging was more sensitive in disease detection than non-imaging and provided spatial information on the leaf level. Spectral indices provided information on the variability of chlorophyll content, photosynthetic activity, and relative water content of leaf tissue in time and space. On ‘Mueller-Thurgau’ downy mildew translated reflectance to higher values as detectable by the index DMI_3=(R 470 +R 682 +R 800 )/(R 800 /R 682 ) and affected reflectance at 1450nm. Tissue discoloration on ‘Regent’ and ‘Solaris’ cultivars was associated with lower reflectance between 750 and 900nm; blue and red reflectance demonstrated differences from leaf necroses. With high inoculum densities, P. viticola sporulated on even resistant cultivars. Hyperspectral characterization at the tissue level proved suitable for phenotyping plant resistance to pathogens and provided information on resistance mechanisms.
A diagnostic for localizing red giant differential rotation
Authors: Klion Hannah , Quataert Eliot 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We present a simple diagnostic that can be used to constrain the location of the differential rotation in red giants with measured mixed mode rotational splittings. Specifically, in red giants with radii ∼4 Rȯ, the splittings of p-dominated modes (sound wave-dominated) relative to those of g-dominated modes (internal gravity wave-dominated) are sensitive to how much of the differential rotation resides in the outer convection zone versus the radiative interior of the red giant. An independently measured surface rotation rate significantly aids breaking degeneracies in interpreting the measured splittings. We apply our results to existing observations of red giants, particularly those of Kepler-56, and find that most of the differential rotation resides in the radiative region rather than in the convection zone. This conclusion is consistent with results in the literature from rotational inversions, but our results are insensitive to some of the uncertainties in the inversion process and can be readily applied to large samples of red giants with even a modest number of measured rotational splittings. We argue that differential rotation in the radiative interior strongly suggests that angular momentum transport in red giants is dominated by local fluid instabilities rather than large-scale magnetic stresses.
Long-term survival in AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma
Authors: Gupta Neel K. , Nolan Amber , Omuro Antonio , Reid Erin G. , Wang Chia-Ching , Mannis Gabriel , Jaglal Michael , Chavez Julio C. , Rubinstein Paul G. , Griffin Ann , Abrams Donald I. , Hwang Jimmy , Kaplan Lawrence D. , Luce Judith A. , Volberding Paul , Treseler Patrick A. , Rubenstein James L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground.The optimal therapeutic approach for patients with AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma (AR-PCNSL) remains undefined. While its incidence declined substantially with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), AR-PCNSL remains a highly aggressive neoplasm for which whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is considered a standard first-line intervention.Methods.To identify therapy-related factors associated with favorable survival, we first retrospectively analyzed outcomes of AR-PCNSL patients treated at San Francisco General Hospital, a public hospital with a long history of dedicated care for patients with HIV and AIDS-related malignancies. Results were validated in a retrospective, multicenter analysis that evaluated all newly diagnosed patients with AR-PCNSL treated with cART plus high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX).Results.We provide evidence that CD4+ reconstitution with cART administered during HD-MTX correlates with long-term survival among patients with CD4 &lt;100. This was confirmed in a multicenter analysis which demonstrated that integration of cART regimens with HD-MTX was generally well tolerated and resulted in longer progression-free survival than other treatments. No profound differences in immunophenotype were identified in an analysis of AR-PCNSL tumors that arose in the pre- versus post-cART eras. However, we detected evidence for a demographic shift, as the proportion of minority patients with AR-PCNSL increased since advent of cART.Conclusion.Long-term disease-free survival can be achieved in AR-PCNSL, even among those with histories of opportunistic infections, limited access to health care, and medical non-adherence. Given this, as well as the long-term toxicities of WBRT, we recommend that integration of cART plus first-line HD-MTX be considered for all patients with AR-PCNSL.
Novel Metrics in the Longitudinal Evaluation of Pain Data in Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Bakshi Nitya , Smith Meagan E. , Ross Diana , Krishnamurti Lakshmanan 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Available modalities for the longitudinal capture and analysis of pain intensity in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) limit our ability to study intraindividual and interindividual variation in pain and the factors influencing the transition from acute to chronic pain in patients with SCD.

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of electronic capture of longitudinal outpatient pain intensity data and to test the applicability of novel metrics in the study of intraindividual and interindividual variation in pain in patients with SCD.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty SCD patients aged 13 to 21 submitted 2045 diary days of pain intensity data over 229 days using a web-based electronic pain diary or through text message.

Results:
Participants reported pain (11-point Numerical Rating Score >0) on 1559 diary days (76.2%) suggesting a significant outpatient pain burden. In addition to mean maximum daily pain (MMDP), using maximum daily pain (MDP) scores, we calculated the ninetieth percentile (p90) of MDP, proportion of pain-free days (PPFD), Standard Deviation (SD) of MDP and coefficient of variation (CV) of MDP. Although p50 of MDP and p90 of MDP correlated positively with MMDP, PPFD correlated negatively with MMDP and both MMDP and PPFD correlated poorly with the SD of MDP. Examination of graphic representation of pain trends demonstrated how patients with similar MMDP had varying p90, PPFD, SD/coefficient of variation, and ultimately burden of pain over time. Missing data rates were lowest in the first 30 days of reporting and increased over time. Study participants reported a positive experience with momentary pain reporting and improved communication with health care providers regarding pain.

Conclusions:
The longitudinal collection of pain data with the inclusion of hospital data during periods of hospitalization is feasible and acceptable in patients with SCD over periods of 30 to 60 days. Long-term collection of pain diary data, while informative, is associated with higher rates of missing data. Novel metrics of pain have the potential to better describe intraindividual and interindividual variation in pain, inform studies of the transition from acute to chronic pain as well as contribute patient-reported end points of pain for interventional clinical trials of pain in SCD.
Conventional Supine MRI With a Lumbar Pillow—An Alternative to Weight-bearing MRI for Diagnosing Spinal Stenosis?
Authors: Hansen Bjarke Brandt , Hansen Philip , Grindsted Jacob , Rasti Zoreh , Bliddal Henning , Riis Robert G.C. , Boesen Mikael 
Published: August 2016

Study Design.
Cross-sectional study.

Objective.
To investigate if adding a lumbar pillow in supine position during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is superior to standing positional MRI for diagnosing lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Summary of Background Data.
The upright standing position and especially extension of the lumbar spine seem to worsening symptoms of LSS. However, it is unclear whether a forced lumbar extension by a pillow in the lower back during conventional supine MRI may improve the diagnostics of LSS compared with standing MRI.

Methods.
Patients suspected for LSS and referred to conventional MRI were included to an additional positional MRI scan (0.25T G-Scan) performed in: (1) conventional supine, (2) standing, (3) supine with a lumbar pillow in the lower back. LSS was evaluated for each position in consensus on a 0 to 3 semi-quantitative grading scale. Independently, L2-S1 lordosis angle, spinal cross-sectional diameter (SCSD), dural cross-sectional diameter (DCSD), and dural cross-sectional diameter (DCSA) were measured. The smallest dural diameter was defined as stenosis level and the largest control level for comparison.

Results.
Twenty-seven patients (60.6 years; ±9.4) were included. The lordosis angle increased significantly from supine to standing (3.2° CI: 1.2–5.2) and with the lumbar pillow (12.8° CI: 10.3–15.3). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed significant differences between positions (P < 0.001). When compared with the supine position, pairwise comparisons showed decreased SCSD, DCSD, DCSA, and increasing semi-quantitative grading, during both standing and supine with the lumbar pillow. A difference in the semi-quantitative grades was only found between standing and supine with a lumbar pillow, and the scan with a lumbar pillow was significantly more painful.

Conclusion.
Standing MRI and supine MRI with a lumbar pillow resulted in equal changes in the lumbar spine, although standing MRI may be more sensitive in the assessment of patients suspected for LSS.

Level of Evidence: 2
Refinement of the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (ISVS-21) and Development of 9-Item Equivalent Versions
Authors: King Gillian , Orchard Carole , Khalili Hossein , Avery Lisa 
Published: August 2016

Introduction:
Measures of interprofessional (IP) socialization are needed to capture the role of interprofessional education in preparing students and health practitioners to function as part of IP health care teams. The aims of this study were to refine a previously published version of the Interprofessional Socialization and Valuing Scale (the ISVS-24) and create two shorter equivalent forms to be used in pre–post studies.

Methods:
A graded response model was used to identify ISVS items in a practitioner data set (n = 345), with validation (measure invariance) conducted using a separate student sample (n = 341).

Results:
Analyses indicated a unidimensional 21-item version with excellent measurement properties, Cronbach alpha of 0.988, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.985–0.991. There was evidence of measure invariance, as there was excellent agreement of the factor scores for the practitioner and student data, intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.993, 95% CI 0.991–0.994. This indicates that the ISVS-21 measures IP socialization consistently across groups. Two 9-item equivalent versions for pre–post use were developed, with excellent agreement between the two forms. The student score agreement for the two item sets was excellent: intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.970, 95% CI 0.963–0.976.

Discussion:
The ISVS-21 is a refined measure to assess existing levels of IP socialization in practitioners and students, and relate IP socialization to other important constructs such as IP collaboration and the development of an IP identity. The equivalent versions can be used to assess change in IP socialization as a result of interprofessional education.