bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute and sub-chronic oral GLP toxicity of Withania somnifera root extract in Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Wangikar Pralhad , Chaudhari Pradhnya , Sharma Eshita , Godse Chhaya , Vora Ashit , Nair Sujit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives

Withania somnifera (WS) is a valuable medicinal plant that has been used against several ailments. The medicinal properties of WS are ascribed to existence of secondary metabolites which are in great demand in herbal nutraceutical industry. Despite well-known therapeutic effects of WS, it is necessary to assess preclinical toxicity of WS plant on rats and further explore its potential application against treatment of various disorders in humans. The existing study assessed oral acute and sub-chronic toxicities of WS root extract in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (male and female) for 14 and 90 days, respectively under OECD-423 and -408 guidelines as well as GLP compliance.

Methods
In acute toxicity, rats of either sex were orally fed a dose of 2,000 mg/kg. In sub-chronic toxicity, animals were orally administered repeated doses of WS root extract at 250, 500, 1,000 mg/kg for 90 days with an additional 14-day recovery period. Two more groups (n=5 animals each) receiving vehicle and 1,000 mg/kg of WS root extract for 90 days were also observed.

Results
In acute toxicity, the results revealed that LD50 of WS root extract in SD rats was higher than 2,000 mg/kg. In sub-chronic toxicity, oral administration of extract for 90 days showed no significant toxicological changes in rats. Haematological and serum chemistry markers were found within normal range. Terminal necropsy showed no gross or histopathological outcomes.

Conclusions
The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of WS root extract was 1,000 mg/kg body weight, and safe to use at this dose in rats.
New Lyapunov stability theorems for fractional order systems
Authors: Lenka Bichitra Kumar , Upadhyay Ranjit Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Random initial-time placed on the real line enables the evolution of the governing law defined by the Caputo derivative, which represents an equation of motion and enables the motion of the path of trajectories to many different unknown places. In order to track them to reach desired locations with or without technology, it is often necessary to use some sound, reasonable theory to understand the motion of evolution. In particular, a very challenging goal is to find reasonable conditions and Lyapunov theorems that provide potential significance to obtain reasonable conclusions about symbolic V-stability. In this paper, we address some new Lyapunov stability theorems for real-order systems associated with random initial time placed on the real axis. We introduce ideas of V-asymptotic stability and V-stability and formulate Lyapunov stability theorems. A typical inequality that we establish to find Lyapunov functions in such systems has been proposed. We develop a theoretical estimate that gives the Mittag–Leffler bound of such systems under reasonable assumptions. We present a few illustrative examples.
First record of the grand leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros grandis (Hipposideridae), from Bangladesh
Authors: Aziz Mohammad A. , Hossain Md M. , Marma Aung S.N. , Rahman Md A. , Hamza Ameer , Rahman Mohammad A. , Naznin Sumaiya , Abedin Muhammad S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We report the first record of the grand leaf-nosed bat, Hipposideros grandis, from a cave in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh. We confirmed its identity using morphometric and molecular analyses. This study enhances the number of national bat fauna and underscores the importance of comprehensive bat surveys in Bangladesh.
ВПЛИВ ІНСТИТУЦІОНАЛЬНИХ ТРАДИЦІЙ НА РОЗВИТОК ІНСТИТУТУ РОЗПОРЯДНИКА КОШТІВ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: ЖИБЕР Тетяна , ТИМЧЕНКО Олена , СЛАВКОВА Алла 
Published: October 2024

Досягнення цілей сталого розвитку і забезпечення суспільного добробуту потребують виважених підходів, обґрунтованих рішень щодо розпорядження бюджетними коштами. Особливо гостро це питання постає під час війни, коли посилюються вимоги до розпорядників бюджетних коштів стосовно якісного виконання покладених на них повноважень у бюджетному процесі, забезпечення раціонального і ефективного використання ресурсів, результативного виконання бюджетних програм.
Констатовано, що непоодинокими залишаються випадки порушення розпорядниками бюджетних кошів бюджетного законодавства, розкрадання, недотримання своїх обов’язків перед громадами. Отже, виникає потреба з’ясувати глибинне коріння цих проблем, серед яких, за нашою гіпотезою, інституціональні традиції.
Виявлено вплив стійких інституціональних правил на поведінку розпорядників коштів і обґрунтовано пропозиції з удосконалення інституту розпорядника коштів в Україні з урахуванням цього фактора. Встановлено, що, згідно із світовим досвідом, інститут розпорядника повністю спирається на децентралізацію повноважень для ефективного отримання результатів. Розпорядники коштів мають свободу оперативного управління своїм бюджетним призначенням, свободу інформаційних впливів на зміст показників своєї діяльності без вказівок згори. Показано, як цю концепцію викривила українська практика бюджетування перших двох десятиріч незалежності. Розпорядники не дістали достатньої суб’єктності для повноцінного мікробюджетування мереж, відповідно, не можуть організувати свою діяльність на середньострокову перспективу. Для виправлення цієї ситуації запропоновано: 1) залишити інституцію розпорядника коштів керівникам публічних одиниць – головам територіальних громад, спеціальним посадовим особам агенцій, що реалізують проєкти за власні й бюджетні кошти, керівникам публічних одиниць на кшталт закладів вищої освіти державної та комунальної форм власності; 2) розмежувати складання бюджетних призначень заради результату на засадах підзвітності й власні доходи організацій розпорядників. Це підвищить ефективність розпорядників коштів і сприятиме запровадженню середньострокових бюджетів.
Brief Resolved Unexplained Event: Evidence-Based and Family-Centered Management
Authors: Nama Nassr , DeLaroche Amy , Bonkowsky Joshua L. , Gremse David , Tieder Joel S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Brief resolved unexplained events (BRUEs) are frequently encountered in infants younger than 1 year. By definition, these events require the infant to be asymptomatic and at baseline at the time of presentation, with no significant abnormalities on examination and no discernible explanatory diagnosis. Research has shown that less than 5% of BRUE cases are attributable to serious underlying conditions, with no increased mortality risk and no increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome. Despite these findings, approximately 63% of patients with BRUEs are hospitalized and up to 82% undergo diagnostic tests, which predominantly result in false-positive findings. Such results may lead to unnecessarily prolonged hospital stays, additional tests or consultations, and increased parental anxiety. The management of a patient who has experienced a BRUE can be challenging for providers and parents alike. Although risk is known to be low in these infants, providers may be compelled to explain the event and provide reassurance. Caregivers oftentimes are concerned that the events may reoccur and be a harbinger of a missed diagnosis. Shared decision-making can be used to explain risk and the benefit of additional testing and hospitalization. This family-centered strategy can align care with the family’s values, provide reassurance, and decrease decisional conflict.
From “Philosophy of History” to “Historicism” in the Studies of Antiquity and the Middle Ages in Russia: T.N. Granovskii (1813–1855) and V.G. Vasilievskii (1838–1899)
Authors: Starostin Dmitry , Kuleshova Elena 
Published: September 2024

This article is devoted to the problem of developing methods of historical research among Russian historians of the Middle Ages of the 19th century. Methods and materials. We used methods of studying historiography, developed by Russian scholars recently, as well as the ideographic method of historical inquiry. Analysis. In this article, an attempt is made to illustrate an important breakthrough in the views of Russian scholars of antiquity and the Middle Ages that occurred amid the 19th century. T.N. Granovskii and P.N. Kudriavtsev, whose formative years fell on the first half of the 19th century, started their studies of history with a belief that the knowledge of the concepts of the philosophy of history was critical for historical inquiry. But in the 1850s, T.N. Granovskii came to insist that any study of history must begin with the critical analysis, the “deconstruction” of the sources. V.G. Vasilievskii, a future scholar of Byzantium, established his studies in the 1860s on a thorough analysis of the monographs on Roman history that sought to deconstruct the myths of its early period. Results. It was shown that the philosophical and methodological divide, which started to show in the late articles of T.N. Granovskii, received a thorough development in the works of V.G. Vasilievskii, who did not consider the philosophy of history important and started his studies with the monographs that made the critique of sources and deconstruction of historical narratives the main research method, especially in the description of the epoch-making events during the creation of the Roman Empire and the time of its collapse in the West. Authors’ contributions. D.N. Starostin was responsible for the investigation of the European authors’ concepts and their comparison with those of Russian scholars, as well as for the work with archival materials. E.V. Kuleshova was responsible for analysis of the Russian historians’ views in the context of the development of Russian historical thought.
Nomads of the Oghuz-Pecheneg Time of the Volga-Don Region According to Anthropology Data.
Authors: Balabanova Mariya 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The article presents the results of an anthropological study of the nomads of the Oghuz-Pecheneg period of the Volga-Don region, known from written and archaeological sources. Material and methods. To carry out the analysis, both published materials and new ones studied by the author were used. The craniological series included data on 55 skulls – 38 male and 17 female. The new material is represented by skulls obtained from excavations of cemeteries in the Volgograd region, for 23 skulls. The anthropological composition, intragroup structure, and ethnogenetic connections were determined by the methods of simple and multivariate statistics. Analysis and discussion. The arithmetic mean values of the male and female craniological series demonstrated a racially mixed Caucasoid-Mongoloid complex, components of which are determined in men by II and in women by both I and II principal components. In addition, in the male series I, the main component performs the function of size and demarcates the skulls with a massive and gracile structure of the brain and facial regions. The multiple discriminant analysis carried out in order to identify ethnogenetic connections showed the greatest similarity of a series of nomads of the Oghuz-Pecheneg period both with their predecessors, the population of the Khazar period, and with groups of Cuman and Golden Horde nomads. The Turkic origin of the study group demonstrates connections with the synchronous populations of Southern Siberia and Kazakhstan. Conclusions. The Oghuz-Pecheneg people exhibited a racially heterogeneous anthropological composition, combining Mongoloid and Caucasoid components. This is a direct consequence of their origin. Apparently, the nomads of the Volga-Don region of the studied time, after its development, could include in their composition the nomadic groups of the previous Khazar time and form the composition of both the urban and nomadic population of the Golden Horde.
A unified educational space for internists and general practitioners (family doctors) as a way to improve the quality of training
Authors: Drapkina O. M. , Astanina S. Yu. , Shepel R. N. 
Published: September 2024

The article examines the implementation of the principle of educational space unity, ensuring the quality of education throughout the Russia. We also describe the interdependence of practical health care needs for primary care specialists capable of providing high-quality primary care and the functions of an integrated system of a unified educational space for internists and general practitioners (family doctors) (GPs) focused on the social order.Aim. To analyze the conceptual foundations of the system of a unified educational space for internists and GPs (family doctors) as ways to improve the quality of training of specialists.Material and methods. The following were used in this study: analysis of educational trends in the modern world and medical education in particular; structural and functional analysis in the study of legislation regulating the training of internists and GPs (family doctors); a system approach that defines the components of a unified educational space for in ternists and GPs (family doctors); a method for predicting changes in the de velopment of a unified educational space for internists and GPs (family doctors).Results. Having considered the potential capabilities of a unified educational space for internists and GPs (family doctors), the following were revealed: regulatory, social, educational, managerial factors influencing the training of internists and GPs (family doctors) were identified; strategies for the development of a unified educational space for internists and GPs (family doctors) were determined at the level of goals, content, processes, and results; the relationship between the training of internists and GPs (family doctors) and the needs of practical healthcare was established; the internal components and functions of a unified educational space for internists and GPs (family doctors) have been identified and substantiated, and the framework factors have been defined. A theoretical model of a unified educational space for internists and GPs (family doctors) has been created, including external factors, target, motivational, design, content, managerial and evaluative components, as well as planned results, manifested in the functions.Conclusion. To summarize, we can state the following: for effective and high-quality management training of internists and GPs (family doc tors), a unified educational space is of paramount importance, this will make it possible to preserve the best traditions of the country's therapeutic school and its future development.
A Literature Review of the Role of Candida albicans in the Occurrence and Development of Several Cancers
Authors: Sarvtin Mehdi Taheri 
Published: September 2024

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic fungus that usually colonizes specific parts of the human body and tends to infect hosts with immunocompromised function, including cancer patients. Several studies have pointed to the direct or indirect involvement of (C. albicans) in oral, esophageal, gastric, pancreatic, colorectal, liver, breast, and skin cancers. So, this article reviews the relationship between C. albicans and various cancers and describes the mechanisms by which this fungus may be involved in the occurrence and development of these cancers. For this reason, keywords such as: "Candida," "cancer," "oral cancer," "esophageal cancer," "gastric cancer," "colorectal cancer," "pancreatic cancer," "liver cancer," "breast cancer," "skin cancer", "risk factors" and "epidemiology" were searched. Articles published in scientific databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE, Elsevier, and Scopus, were used. In these articles, it is mentioned that C. albicans may play a role in the occurrence and development of various cancers via several mechanisms, such as modulation of the immune system, induction of matrix metalloproteinases, over-expression of prognostic marker genes related to metastatic events, damaging mucosal epithelium, microbiome changes, activation of oncogenic signalling pathways, induction of chronic inflammation and production of carcinogenic metabolites including nitrosamine and acetaldehyde.
Molecular Investigation of Seven Respiratory Viruses in Patients with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections
Authors: Salavatiha Zahra , Kiani Seyed Jalal , Tavakoli Ahmad , Karbalaie Niya Mohammad Hadi , Javan Alireza , Safaie Zahra , Rezvani Mohammad Reza , Bokharaei-Salim Farah , Monavari Seyed Hamidreza 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Respiratory tract infection (RTI) is among the important factors that can threaten human health and is one of the most prevalent etiological agents of death, especially in young children. Viruses account for approximately 80% of various RTIs worldwide. Our study aimed to investigate the molecular prevalence of seven respiratory viruses in RTI. Our results can help develop appropriate public health strategies and treatment management of RTIs.
Materials and Methods: 120 respiratory samples were obtained from patients with flu-like manifestations from hospitals referred to the Iran University of Medical Sciences during 2020-2022. Nucleic acid extraction was performed, and then real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the specimens to investigate seven respiratory viruses.
Results: Of the 120 respiratory specimens collected from patients with RTI, viruses were identified in 41 (34.16%) samples, encompassing 24 (40.7%) females and 17 (27.9%) males. SARS-CoV-2 (n = 22, 18.3%) and Parainfluenza virus (n=18, 15%) were the predominant detected viruses in the present study, followed by respiratory syncytial viruses (n=1, 0.8%). Other viruses like Metapneumovirus, Adenovirus, Bocavirus, and Rhinovirus were not found in our study. We could not detect any co-infection in our analysis.
Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 and Parainfluenza-virus were the predominant viruses detected in our study, followed by respiratory syncytial viruses. Other viruses, such as Metapneumovirus, Adenovirus, Bocavirus, and Rhinovirus, have not been found in our study. We could not detect any co-infection in our consideration. This result can help develop appropriate public health strategies, targeting prevention and avoiding inappropriate treatment such as using unnecessary antibiotics.
Investigating the Impact of Environmental Factors on Electricity Consumption Using Spatial Data Mining and Artificial Neural Network: A Case Study inYazd City
Authors: Sarsangi Alireza , Toomanian Ara , Samany Najmeh Neysani , Kiavarz Majid , Saraei Mohammad Hossein 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Modeling energy demand in different energy consuming sectors is a crucial measure for effective management of the energy sector and appropriate policies to increase productivity. The rising importance of energy resources in economic development is evident. Sustainable energy use is crucial for environmental protection and social progress. Understanding the factors affecting energy consumption is essential for effective energy management. Therefore, the purpose of the current study is to investigate the impact of environmental factors on household electricity consumption in Yazd city.
Materials and Methods: In the present research, various environmental factors affecting electricity consumption, including air pollution, air temperature in homes, ground surface temperature, and green space were investigated. The effects of these factors on electricity consumption of subscribers were investigated with ANN and apriori methods.
Results: Among the environmental factors, the distance to the regional park, the area of the park, and the amount of vegetation at a distance of 300m have the greatest impact, respectively, and the average summer air temperature, the amount of vegetation at a radius of 500 m, the distance from the local park, and the average summer NDVI have had the smallest effect. Unlike neural network methods, apriori presents relationships between parameters affecting electricity consumption transparently in the form of rules.
Conclusion: It's used to identify the most frequently occurring elements and meaningful associations in a dataset. Greenspace can be a mitigation strateegy for reduction of energy consumption.
Investigating the Level of Metal’s Toxicity in Used Cell Phone Batteries by TCLP and WET Methods
Authors: Ebrahimi Ali Asghar , Gholami Maryam , Khashij Maryam , Shamsizadeh Zahra , Weysi Keywan , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hassan , Pourafshar Mohsen , Nasab Habibeh 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Batteries are widely used in all kinds of electrical and electronic equipment. These batteries contain several metals that lead to the leakage of metals into the soil and underground water in the burial places, which pose serious risks to human health and the environment.
Materials and Methods: In this study, the concentration of 15 metals (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cs, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Pb, Sr, Zn, Ni) in different components of 7 used battery models was investigated using Waste Extraction Test (WET) and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) toxicity. The concentration of metals was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Metal concentrations were compared with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Toxic Substances Control (CDTSC) standards.
Results: The results showed that the average concentration of metals in both WET and TCLP methods was high, but the concentration of most metals in WET method was relatively higher than in TCLP method.
Conclusion: The results showed that the recovery of metals from batteries is necessary, moreover safe burial of batteries is essential to reduce environmental risks.
Application of commercial sand aggregates in hydrophobized hydraulic concrete materials
Authors: Mora Ernesto , Castellón Erick 
Published: October 2024

Because precursors such as sand are generally accessible, concrete has become a widely used construction material. Not all available sands, however, fulfill the requirements of purity, granulometry, shape and porosity for use in concrete materials. Here we report the setting of the hydrophobicity of hydraulic concrete matrices prepared with commercial sands and hydrophobic silica particles (dodecyl-modified silica) added to their mixtures. The granulometry and porosity of the selected fine aggregates were confirmed to influence the water absorption of hydrophobized concrete matrices. Water absorption decreased more than 30 % on addition of silica hydrophobized with dodecyl. As the functionalization was performed from the mix prepared with commercial sands, an improved hydrophobicity of the materials was provided integrally to the matrix.
Erratum for “Study on the Prototype of Platform Tools and Practice Related to the ‘Sustainability Scoring Index’ for Disaster Resilience of Local Governments in Japan” (Vol.19, pp. 631-644, 2024)
Authors: Fujisawa Aoba , Ando Koko , Masuda Yukihiro , Fujita Hiroyuki , Araki Michio , Tanaka Kazuaki 
Published: October 2024

Due to an authors’ error, the original version of this article contained error in the in-text citations for tables in Section 4.1. The referenced table number should be corrected as follows:
Now reads
The self-assessment by the officials in charge of disaster management in the local governments was based on the Sustainability Scoring Index that was formulated by the authors for this study (Table 3).
Should read
The self-assessment by the officials in charge of disaster management in the local governments was based on the Sustainability Scoring Index that was formulated by the authors for this study (Table 2).
The authors regret this error, and this error has now been corrected in the PDF version of the article.