bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moringa oleifera functionalised sand – reuse with non-ionic surfactant dodecyl glucoside
Authors: Williams Frances E. , Lee Andrew K. , Orandi Sanaz , Sims Sarah K. , Lewis David M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Moringa oleifera seeds are well known for their ability to cause flocculation in turbid water and facilitate bacterial inhibition. These effects are due to the cationic polypeptide MO2.1, which affects the surface charge of suspended particles and causes lysis of bacterial cells. However, the attachment of bacteria to MO2.1 prevents further bacterial attachment, reducing the effectiveness of the seeds. This research investigated the effect of surfactants on functionality and reuse of Moringa seeds to develop a sustainable water treatment technique. The seed extracts (MO2.1) were used with a functionalised sand system, and the sands were exposed to commercially available (ionic and non-ionic) surfactants, dodecyl glucoside and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Artificially polluted water contaminated with Escherichia coli was used to evaluate the efficiency of the system. The non-ionic surfactant was found to be effective at separating E. coli from the functionalised sand without the detachment of the MO2.1 and subsequent loss of the system efficiency. This was successfully repeated four times. The results demonstrated a sustainable, reusable technique to inhibit bacterial contamination in water.
Nutrient Removal from Wastewater Using Microalgae: A Kinetic Evaluation and Lipid Analysis
Authors: Babu Anjana , Katam Keerthi , Gundupalli Marttin Paulraj , Bhattacharyya Debraj 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to examine the performance of mixed microalgal bioreactors in treating three different types of wastewaters—kitchen wastewater (KWW), palm oil mill effluent (POME), and pharmaceutical wastewater (PWW) in semi‐continuous mode and to analyze the lipid content in the harvested algal biomass. The reactors were monitored for total nitrogen and phosphate removal at eight solid retention times (SRTs): 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16 days. The nutrient uptake kinetic parameters were quantified using linearized Michaelis‐Menten and Monod models at steady‐state conditions. The nutrient removal efficiency and lipid production were found to be higher in KWW when compared with the other wastewaters. Saturated fatty acids (C16:0, C18:0, and C18:1) accounted for more than 60% of the algal fatty acids for all the wastewaters. The lipid is, therefore, considered suitable for synthesizing biodiesel.
Choose Your Own Research Data Management Guidance
Authors: Ball Alex , Snow Kellie , Obee Peter , Simpson Greg 
Published: September 2017

TheÂ GW4Â Research Data Services Group has developed aÂ Research Â Data ManagementÂ Triage Tool to help researchers find answers quickly Â to the more common research data queries, and direct them to appropriate guidance and sources of advice for more complex queries. Â The tool takes the form of an interactive web page that asks users Â questions and updates itself in response. The conversational and Â dynamic way the tool progresses is similar to the behaviour of text Â adventures, which are a genre of interactive fiction; this is one of the Â oldest forms of computer game and was also popular in print form in, Â for example, Â the Choose Your Own Adventure and Fighting Fantasy Â series of books. Â In fact, the tool was written using interactive fiction Â software. Â It was tested with staff and students at the four UK Â universities within the GW4 collaboration.
Programas de formação continuada de professores: papel das universidades e órgãos federativos (Continuing teacher education programs: the role of the universities and federal organs)
Authors: Nogueira Adrinelly Lemes , Medeiros Lúcia Helena Moreira de 
Published: September 2017

Trata-se de um estudo a respeito da formação continuada de professoras que atuam no nível de ensino fundamental I em um município do Triângulo Mineiro. A questão norteadora é: diante de tantos programas federais de fortalecimento e apoio à formação continuada dos professores, qual a visão das professoras frente ao papel das Universidades e órgãos federativos na efetivação da formação continuada? Fundamentamo-nos em autores como Sanfelice (2000), Dourado (2007), Freitas (2007), entre outros. Do ponto de vista teórico- metodológico baseamo-nos em Kosik (1976) recorremos à decomposição do todo. Foi realizada pesquisa de campo (seis escolas) e aplicada entrevistas semiestruturadas com 30 professoras. Ao categorizar os dados, destacamos: o papel das Universidades e órgãos federativos na efetivação da formação continuada. Evidenciamos que o Ministério da Educação e Cultura (MEC) vem fomentando diversos programas para fortalecer a formação continuada de professores, entretanto, percebemos pelas falas das professoras, que a legislação existente não tem contribuído com a efetivação de uma formação continuada significativa os motivos são: a falta de recurso financeiro e incentivo dos órgãos públicos para os professores se qualificarem e a descontinuidade nas propostas.
Control Predictivo de la concentración de oxigeno disuelto (DO) en el bioreactor de la planta piloto de aguas residuales de la Universidad de Ibagué.
Authors: Muñoz Hernandez José Aldemar , Muñoz Hernández Helmer , Leguizamon Castellanos Luis Eduardo 
Published: September 2017

En el presente trabajo se propone controlar la concentración de oxigeno disuelto (DO) en el bioreactor de la planta piloto de aguas residuales de la Universidad de Ibagué (PTAR), La estrategia de control que se pretende utilizar es el control predictivo basado en modelos (MPC). Para lograrlo primero se realiza la estimación de la función de transferencia de oxigeno (KLa), luego se determina el modelo y la técnica de linealizacion y finalmente se diseña el controlador. Los resultados son simulados en Matlab y ejecutados en el sistema de control y supervisión de la planta (Labview).
THE INFLUENCE OF USING SKIMMING TECHNIQUE TOWARD THE STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION AMONG THE ELEVENTH GRADERS OF SMK N 3 METRO
Authors: - Eka Yuniasih 
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this research was to implement the skimming technique and analyze its influence in the student comprehending reading texts at the eleventh grade (XI TKJ) of SMK N 3 Metro. In this research the researcher gave pretest to know the students’ ability in understanding reading texts and posttest to know the result of the students’s ability in reading text after giving the skimming technique.This research was quantitative research which had been conducted in SMK N 3 Metro at the class XI TKJ and followed by 70 students as the sample. The tehnique sampling was cluster random sampling. In collectting the data the researcher used test. The researcher used the test to get the data of student’s reading comprehension through the questions which consisted of 30 multiple choices about the reading text. This test was used to figure out whether the skimming technique was suitable and could be used by the students in comprehending the reading texts. The analysis which was used by the researcher was t-test. Finally, the data indicates that t observed = 23.945 is higher than t table = 2.99. Therefore, it can be concluded that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. It means that the skimming technique influences the students’ reading comprehension at the eleventh graders of SMK N 3 Metro in the academic year of 2010/2011.
Promoting Picture Word Inductive Model (PWIM) to Develop Students’ Writing Skill
Authors: Novia Fitri 
Published: September 2017

Abstract: The objective of this study was to find out whether or not there was significant difference between students who were taught using picture word inductive model (PWIM) and that of those who were not. The experimental method was used to conduct the study. The population of this study was the eighth grade students in SMP N 1 Sirah Pulau Padang. Out of this pouplation, 68 students were taken as a sample and were divided equally into two groups by using purposive sampling method. Therefore, class VIII 1 was the experimental group whereas VIII 3 as the control group, each of them consists of 34 students. The data were collected by asking students to write descriptive paragraph. To find out the validity, content validity was used. Inter-rater reliability was used to find out the reliability. T-test was used to analyze the data. Based on the result, the value of t-obtained was 3.155, at the significant level p<0.05 in two tailed testing with do = 66, the critical value of t-table = 1.9966. Since the value of t-obtained was higher than t-table, the Null Hypotheses (Ho) was rejected and Alternative Analysis (Ha) was accepted. It meant that there was significant difference between students who were taught using picture word inductive model (PWIM) and that of those who were not. In conclusion, PWIM could help students to develop writing skill. Key Word: Writing skill, Picture Word Inductive Model (PWIM).
THE EFFECT OF USING FLASH CARD AND PICTURE STORY IN VOCABULARY MASTERY TO THE SEVENTH GRADER OF SMP PGRI 1 MARGATIGA
Authors: - Khoirul Hidayat 
Published: September 2017

Based on the content standard, junior high school students are hoped to master vocabulary about 1000 words, so they can understand the conversation. But it fact, most of the students in junior high school do not master vocabulary well. So, the teacher should be able to choose a good media to help students to increase their vocabulary. In this case, flash card with picture story is two of media that can be used to transfer vocabulary material for the students. The objective of this research is to find the significant differences of using flash card with picture story in vocabulary, and to find which medium is more effective to use as media in vocabulary. This research was true experiment design. Pre test and post test were use to collect the data. There are two problems of the study, (1) are there any significant differences between flash card with picture story in vocabulary mastery for the seventh grade students in SMP PGRI 2 Margatiga academic years 2013/2014?, (2) which one is more effective media in vocabulary learning process, is it flash card or picture story at seventh grade of SMP PGRI 2 Margatiga, academic years 2013/2014?. As a source of data, the researcher utilized flash card with picture story to teach vocabulary for the students. The media help students to learn vocabulary easier and more interesting to understand the subject, so their vocabulary would increase. The result of the research, it was found that the mean score of picture story in pre test is 53,86, in treatment is 81, and in post test 85,33. Meanwhile the mean score of the flash card media in pre test 59,33, in treatment is 73,5, and in post test is 80,66. It means that the student’s vocabulary has increased, and there is significant difference of using picture story and flash card in vocabulary instruction, and picture story was more effective to use in vocabulary instruction.
Worldwide Diffusion of Corporate Governance (CG) Regulations and Practices: A Literature Review
Authors: Ahmad Zubair , Mahmood Zeeshan 
Published: September 2017

Research objectives: The main objective of this paper was to understand the diffusion of CG codes around the world. More specifically this paper examined what types of CG codes have emerged around the world? What causes the diffusion of shareholder centric model of CG around the world? What areas are still unexplained to better understand the diffusion of CG?
Findings: This paper presented that pure economics and legitimacy reasons alone or together are not sufficient to explain the dynamics of how corporate governance reforms emerged and developed in different contexts. This study assumes that it is important to move the debate beyond the efficiency/legitimacy and convergence/divergence dichotomy and pay more attention to the process of emergence and development of corporate governance reforms.
Implications: Prior institutional research ignores countries' internal dynamics that can play an important role in shaping corporate governance reforms. The corporate governance model cannot exist in isolation; each country has its own unique institutional arrangements and can influence the process of diffusion. There is some consensus amidst corporate governance scholars that "the-one-size-fits-all" rule is flawed, and thus a wide diversity of approaches of corporate governance should be expected due to vast differences in national contexts where firms are embedded (Cuervo, 2002, Reaz and Hossain, 2007). Policy makers and researchers should consider broader institutional dynamics related to macro and micro institutional processes while developing and understanding CG diffusion around the world.
Financial Analysts' Processing of Financial Reporting Information in Emerging and Frontier Markets
Authors: Jehu Philip , Ibrahim Mohammad Azhar 
Published: September 2017

Objective: The purpose is to establish the relationship between the analysts' stock valuation, the reporting environment and the stock recommendations. And to investigate the process of incorporating both quantitative and qualitative information into their forecasts.
Methodology: The research will be archival, obtaining historical information from DataStream, Stock Exchanges and MSCI. A survey will also be carried out to corroborate findings, as the analysts' valuation process may not be obtained through desk research.
Results: The results are expected to show evidence for the incentive conflicts of the analysts' decisions with regards to the peculiarities of the macroeconomic environments under consideration.
Implication: The write up has implications for sell-side analysts where they have perceived incentive conflicts when they make recommendations. The research contributes to the argument on the conflicts of interest analysts face in forecasting earnings and making recommendations within the markets peculiar environment.
Financial Sharing in Infrastructure Joint Venture Projects
Authors: Romeli Norsyakilah , Muhamad Halil Faridah , Ismail Faridah , Wena Dhelbi Jacqueline 
Published: September 2017

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to identify the financial sharing limitation in contractor’s infrastructure project in joint venture implementation.
Methodology: Using the quantitative method, the questionnaires, constructed based on external and internal variables were distributed to the selected respondents. The analysis of the data is conducted with simple SPSS analysis to identify the mean, median and standard deviation. The ranking of the variables is drawn from the results.
Results: The outcome of this research has found that the crucial external limitations are penalty to the foreigners and that market legislation requires limitation in the sharing proportion. Meanwhile, for the internal limitation the ownership control and rate fluctuation should be followed with certain marking lines.
Implication: Thus, this paper stimulates the joint venture contractor to set up the post financial remedial plan once one of the collaborative partners breaches the agreement on the joint venture due financial limitation.
Stress and velocity fields in glaciers: Part I. Finite-difference schemes for higher-order glacier models
Authors: Colinge Jacques , Blatter Heinz 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe set of force equations and stress strain-rate relations for ice masses can be solved with the method of lines and shooting the stress-free conditions at the free surface. Single- and multiple-shooting schemes with fixed point or Newton iterations for solving the stress equations including the deviatoric stress gradients are described and their performances arc discussed. The single-shooting Newton iteration proved to be the fastest seheme for typical valley glaciers, although its horizontal grid limitation is restrictive. Grid resolution can be improved substantially with a multiple-shooting scheme but computation time and storage requirements increase substantially. The Newton iteration allows the handling of mixed basal boundary conditions, partly basal velocity and partly basal shear traction being prescribed. A stick slip free gravity flow illustrates the performance of the scheme.
Diffusion of isotopes in the annual layers of ice sheets
Authors: Nye J. F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe annual layering in the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets revealed by the b 0 record becomes less distinct with depth because of self-diffusion. However, the calculated diffusion rates are loo slow to explain die observations. It is suggested that the presence of veins of liquid water increases the effective diffusion constant by a factor of about 20.
Depth-hoar growth rates near a rocky outcrop
Authors: Arons E. M. , Colbeck S. C. , Gray J. M. N.T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObservations of slab-avalanche releases in alpine terrain have led to the hypothesis that rocky outcrops can influence the spatial distributions of temperature and heal flow in dry alpine snow covers and Unis control the local distribution of depth hoar. We investigate the effects of terrain on crystal growth by using a two-dimensional finite-clemcnl model of heal How coupled with a model of crystal growth from vapor. We used the model to examine the influence of snow properties, terrain geometry and snow depth on this phenomenon. The efleel is stronger in the early winter than in the late winter, because the rock has then had time to cool. In all cases, we found that depth-hoar growth occurs preferentially over the rock. This suggests that snow-pit investigations made over soil can he misleading if rocky outcrops are present.
A snow-transport model for complex terrain
Authors: Liston Glen E. , Sturm Matthew 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAs part of the winter environment in middle- and high-latitude regions, the interactions between wind, vegetation, topography and snowfall produce snow covers of non-uniform depth and snow water-equivalent distribution. A physically based numerical snow-transport model (SnowTran-3D) is developed and used to simulate this three-dimensional snow-depth evolution over topographically variable terrain. The mass-transport model includes processes related to vegetation snow-holding capacity, topographic modification of wind speeds, snow-cover shear strength, wind-induced surface-shear stress, snow transport resulting from saltation and suspension, snow accumulation and erosion, and sublimation of the blowing and drifting snow. The model simulates the cold-season evolution of snow-depth distribution when forced with inputs of vegetation type and topography, and atmospheric foreings of air temperature, humidity, wind speed and direction, and precipitation. Model outputs include the spatial and temporal evolution of snow depth resulting from variations in precipitation, saltation and suspension transport, and sublimation. Using 4 years of snow-depth distribution observations from the foothills north of the Brooks Range in Arctic Alaska, the model is found to simulate closely the observed snow-depth distribution patterns and the interannual variability.
Estimation of hydraulic properties of subglacial till from ploughmeter measurements
Authors: Fischer Urs H. , Iverson Neal R. , Hanson Brian , LeB. Hooke Roger , Jansson Peter 
Published: September 2017

AbstractForce variations on a "ploughmeter" and fluctuations in subglacial water pressure have been measured in the same borehole at Storglaciaren, Sweden, to investigate hydraulic properties of the basal till layer. A strong inverse correlation of the pressure and force records, in conjunction with a significant lime lag between the two signals, suggests that pore-water pressures directly affect the strength of the till. Variations in sub-glacial water pressure result in potential gradients across the water till interlace at the bottom of the borehole that drive pressure waves downwards through the till layer when the borehole water level is high and back upwards when the water level is low. Analysis of the propagation velocity of this pressure wave indicates that the hydraulic diffusivity of Storglaciaren till is in the range 1.9−3.6 x 10−6m2s−1,in good agreement with estimates obtained in the laboratory. Hydraulic conductivity values associated with these difrusivities are between 10−9 and 10−8ms−1 and thus are well within the range of values for other glacial tills.
Elevation and volume changes on the Harding Icefield, Alaska
Authors: Adalgeirsdóttir G. , Echelmeyer K. A. , Harrison W. D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAirborne surface elevation profiles of the Harding Ice field, south-central Alaska, were made in 1991 and 1996. Thirteen glaciers were profiled, along with the tipper region of the icefield. The profiles were compared to U.S. Geological Survey topographie maps made in the 1950s, to obtain elevation and volume changes. Comparison of the changes for the different glaciers shows no significant correlation between volume change and the type of glacier or characteristics such as location, aspect, size, slope or terminus changes. Estimated total volume change tor this ~43 year period is about -34 km3, which corresponds to an area-average elevation change of-21 m. The estimated error in this elevation change of 5 m is mainly due to errors in the maps at higher elevations. Our measurements provide an accurate baseline against which future determinations of volume change can be made.
Ice-stream surface texture, sticky spots, waves and breathers: the coupled flow of ice, till and water
Authors: Hindmarsh Richard C. A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper addresses the coupling of flows of ice, till and water, and the issue of whether such coupling provides mechanisms for meso-scale (kilometres to tens of kilometres) variability in ice-sheet flow and texture. The question of whether effective pressures at the ice-bed interface are statically or hydraulically controlled is examined in this paper. The answer is scale dependent, and has a significant effect on the relationship between ice surface and basal topography.The consequences of these considerations on till flow, coupled ice–till flow and coupled ice, till and water flow are examined. An analysis of till-flow kinematics and shock formation is carried out. The linear stability of coupled long-wavelength ice-till flow is analysed, and regions in parameter space where this flow is unstable, with rather small rate constants are found. Upstream-moving ice surface waves are predicted. The linear stablity of coupled ice–till–water flow is examined, where water flow is modelled using a basal flow system with effective-pressure-dependent properties. Again, regions in parameter space where the system is linearly unstable are found, this time with relatively rapid rate constants. The water pressure exhibits “breather” modes.These analyses assume that there is a substantial basal traction. A problem with models of ice streams wholly restrained at the side is identified: they seem to predict erosion rates which are unfeasibly large.There appears to be sufficient variability in the ice–till– water system to potentially explain texture in ice-stream surfaces, variations in ice-stream thickness of tens of metres not directly relatable to topography, and waves moving upstream or downstream. Most importantly, the ice-stream–bed system is shown to exhibit meso-scale variability simply by coupling ice flow according to the shallow-ice approximation, till flow according to the hydrostatic thin-till approximation and water flow according to an effective-pressure-dependent hydraulics.