bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A correlation study of fluorouracil pharmacodynamics with clinical efficacy and toxicity
Authors: Esin Ece , Telli Tugba Akin , Yuce Deniz , Yalcin Suayib 
Published: July 2017

Purpose: Plasma 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) concentrations vary greatly between individuals who have received standard dosage. Pharmacokinetic adjusted doses have been hypothesized to overcome the possibility of potential toxicity and ineffectiveness related to inappropriate plasma levels of 5-FU. In this study, we prospectively investigated the clinical benefit and toxicity of 5-FU in relation to its pharmacokinetic properties. Methods: Pharmacokinetics, effectiveness, and toxicity of 5-FU were investigated in 101 patients. The 5-FU pharmacokinetics were measured on day 2 of chemotherapy infusions. Clinicodemographic characteristics are outlined. Results: All 101 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy were alive at the end of a median 45 months of the follow-up period. At least one grade 1 adverse event (AE) was observed in 69.3% of the patients and grade two AEs were observed in 10.1% of the patients. The 5-FU levels ranged between 103 and 4311 µg/L and area under the curve (AUC) measurements ranged between 4.5 and 189.7 mg min/L. Pharmacokinetic measurements were not significantly correlated with clinical efficacy (log-rank p = 0.21). However, higher AUC levels were positively correlated with toxicity (p = 0.02) and with the severity of adverse events. The risks of mucositis (odds ratio [OR] 1.45; p = 0.042) and neurotoxicity (OR 2.01; p = 0.009) were significantly increased in a logistic regression model. Conclusions: There is no clear evidence that increased plasma levels or pharmacokinetic adjusted doses of 5-FU were related to better efficacy. However, toxicity might be closely associated with increased plasma levels of 5-FU. Toxicities can be deferred via dose adjustments without any expense in efficacy.
Physicists' Views on Hadrontherapy: A Survey of Members of the Italian Association of Medical Physics (AIFM)
Authors: Giandini Tommaso , Tenconi Chiara , Carrara Mauro , Ciocca Mario , Russo Stefania , Panaino Costanza M.V. , Cattani Federica , Ciardo Delia , Morlino Sara , Avuzzi Barbara , Bedini Nice , Villa Sergio , Marvaso Giulia , Romanelli Paola , Hasegawa Azusa , Vischioni Barbara , Valvo Francesca , Jereczek-Fossa Barbara A. , Orecchia Roberto , Valdagni Riccardo , Pignoli Emanuele 
Published: July 2017

Background This study was based on a survey to investigate perceptions of hadrontherapy of the members of the Italian Association of Medical Physics (AIFM). The survey was digitally submitted to the 991 members between the end of January and the beginning of April 2016. Methods A 19-item questionnaire was designed focusing on advantages and disadvantages of hadrontherapy, current status and possible future improvements, and need and opportunities for future investments in Italy and abroad. Information about professional qualifications, main fields of clinical involvement and specific competencies of the respondents was also collected. Results The survey was completed by 121 AIFM members (response rate 12.2%). In the answers collected, it was shown that medical physicists expressed interest in hadrontherapy mainly for reasons of personal interest rather than for professional needs (90% ± 2.5% vs. 52% ± 4.3% of the respondents, respectively), with a good knowledge of the related basic aspects as well as of the pros and cons of its application. However, poor knowledge of the current status of hadrontherapy was observed among the medical physicists not directly involved at a professional level, who were less than 3% of the physicists working in radiotherapy. Conclusions In light of these results, the implementation of new training and education initiatives should be devised to promote a deeper and global knowledge of hadrontherapy-related issues, not only from a theoretical point of view but also in practical terms. Moreover, a close collaboration between highly specialized medical physicists employed in hadrontherapy centers and others in oncology hospitals should be ­encouraged.
Quantifier spreading in child eye movements: A case of the Russian quantifier <i>kazhdyj</i> ‘every'
Authors: Sekerina Irina A. , Sauermann Antje 
Published: July 2017

Extensive cross-linguistic work has documented that children up to the age of 9–10 make errors when performing a sentence-picture verification task that pairs spoken sentences with the universal quantifier every and pictures with entities in partial one-to-one correspondence. These errors stem from children’s difficulties in restricting the domain of a universal quantifier to the appropriate noun phrase and are referred in the literature as quantifier-spreading (q-spreading). We adapted the task to be performed in conjunction with eye-movement recordings using the Visual World Paradigm. Russian-speaking 5-to-6-year-old children (N = 31) listened to sentences like Kazhdyj alligator lezhit v vanne ‘Every alligator is lying in a bathtub’ and viewed pictures with three alligators, each in a bathtub, and two extra empty bathtubs. Non-spreader children (N = 12) were adult-like in their accuracy whereas q-spreading ones (N = 19) were only 43% correct in interpreting such sentences compared to the control sentences. Eye movements of q-spreading children revealed that more looks to the extra containers (two empty bathtubs) correlated with higher error rates reflecting the processing pattern of q-spreading. In contrast, more looks to the distractors in control sentences did not lead to errors in interpretation. We argue that q-spreading errors are caused by interference from the extra entities in the visual context, and our results support the processing difficulty account of acquisition of quantification. Interference results in cognitive overload as children have to integrate multiple sources of information, i.e., visual context with salient extra entities and the spoken sentence in which these entities are mentioned in real-time processing. This article is part of the special collection: Acquisition of Quantification
CARACTERIZAÇÃO FLORÍSTICA E DIVERSIDADE NA FLORESTA NACIONAL DE SÃO FRANCISCO DE PAULA, RS, BRASIL
Authors: Kanieski Maria Raquel , Longhi Solon Jonas , Milani Jaçanan Eloisa de Freitas , Santos Tomaz Longhi , Soares Philipe Ricardo Casemiro 
Published: July 2017

Objetivou-se com esse trabalho encontrar os melhores indicadores para avaliar a estrutura e a diversidade no componente arbóreo em área de Floresta Ombrófila Mista na Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula, RS. A amostragem da vegetação foi realizada por meio de 180 subunidades de 10 m x 10 m, onde foram inventariados todos os indivíduos arbóreos com CAP ≥ 30 cm. Foram calculados os parâmetros de frequência e densidade, os índices de dispersão de McGuinnes, Fracker e Brischle e Payandeh e diferentes índices de diversidade alfa. Os índices de dispersão revelaram o mesmo comportamento para as espécies, sendo a maioria classificadas como agregadas ou com tendência ao agrupamento, o que mostra que a floresta ainda não atingiu um estado maduro e avançado de desenvolvimento. Os índices de Margalef e Shannon obtiveram valores subestimados possivelmente influenciados pelo tamanho da unidade amostral, denotando baixa diversidade de espécies quando comparado com outras áreas. O índice de Menhinick representou a diversidade de forma bastante real mesmo em unidades amostrais pequenas, caracterizando a floresta de média a alta diversidade. Os índices de Simpson e MacIntosh denotaram baixa dominância e os índices de equidade demonstraram alta uniformidade nas espécies.
Determination of Curcuminoids in Turmeric Raw Materials and Dietary Supplements by HPLC: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2016.16
Authors: Mudge Elizabeth M , Brown Paula N 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The AOAC Expert Review Panel (ERP) approved a method for the quantitation of curcuminoids for consideration for First Action Official MethodSM status. The previously published method summarized a single-laboratory validation of three individual curcuminoinds—curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bis-demethoxycurcumin—in raw materials and finished products. Method performance was compared with AOAC Standard Method Performance Requirement 2016.003. With repeatability precision ranging from 0.3 to 5.5% and recoveries from 96.6 to 103.3% in the different product matrixes, the ERP adopted the method and provided recommendations for achieving Final Action status.
Determination of Adsorption Equations for Chloro Derivatives of Aniline on Halloysite Adsorbents Using Inverse Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Słomkiewicz Piotr M , Szczepanik Beata , Garnuszek Magdalena , Rogala Paweł , Witkiewicz Zygfryd 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Chloro derivatives of aniline are commonly used in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agricultural agents. They are toxic compounds with a large accumulation ability and low natural biodegradability. Halloysite is known as an efficient adsorbent of toxic compounds, such as phenols or herbicides, from wastewater. Inverse LC was applied to measure the adsorption of aniline and 2-chloroaniline (2-CA), 3-chloroaniline (3-CA), and 4-chloroaniline (4-CA) on halloysite adsorbents. A peak division (PD) method was used to determine a Langmuir equation in accordance with the adsorption measurement results. The values of adsorption equilibrium constants and enthalpy were determined and compared by breakthrough curve and PD methods. The physical sense of the calculated adsorption enthalpy values was checked by applying Boudart’s entropy criteria. Of note, adsorption enthalpy values for halloysite adsorbents decreased in the following order: aniline &gt; 4-CA &gt; 2-CA &gt; 3-CA.
Helicobacter pylori: infecção, diagnóstico laboratorial e tratamento
Authors: Teixeira Thamirys Freitas , De Souza Iure Kalinine Ferraz , Rocha Roberta Dias Rodrigues 
Published: July 2017

<p>A infecção pelo <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> (<em>H. pylori</em>) é uma das mais prevalentes entre os seres humanos. Estima-se que afete cerca de metade da população mundial, e no Brasil, a prevalência é de aproximadamente 60%. A <em>H. pylori</em> é uma bactéria que coloniza a mucosa estomacal causando distúrbios gástricos que podem evoluir para gastrites, úlceras, dispepsias e carcinomas. O presente estudo tem por objetivo abordar aspectos da infecção pelo <em>H. pylori</em>, seu diagnóstico laboratorial e tratamento. Para tal, trata-se de<em> </em>uma revisão da literatura com trabalhos selecionados em revistas indexadas nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, PLoS e SciELO, sob os unitermos e suas combinações: <em>H. pylori</em>, epidemiologia, distúrbios gástricos, diagnóstico laboratorial, tratamento. A infecção pelo <em>H. pylori</em> apresenta importância epidemiológica e clínica e a transmissão se dá principalmente de pessoa a pessoa, sendo aceitas como formas de transmissão as vias oral-oral, fecal-oral e iatrogênica. Os métodos diagnósticos para detecção da bactéria podem ser baseados em testes realizados durante exame endoscópico (invasivos) e sem exame endoscópico (não invasivo). Essas metodologias, embora com certas limitações, têm permitido o diagnóstico da infecção com eficiência, rapidez e segurança. A erradicação não é simples e os esquemas terapêuticos necessitam associação de múltiplos agentes farmacológicos. </p><p><strong>Palavras-chave:</strong> <em>Helicobacter pylori</em>. Epidemiologia. Infecção. Diagnóstico laboratorial. Tratamento.</p>
Depression: Giver diagnosens tilgang mening?
Authors: Ulrich Anita 
Published: July 2017

Videnskabens forståelse af depression kan deles ind i to forskellige tilgange. Den ene finder vi i psykiatrien, den anden i samfundsvidenskaben. I udgangspunktet fungerer begge tilgange som moddiskurs til hinanden. Hvor psykiatrien søger forklaringer i biologiske vilkår, søger samfundsvidenskaben svar i det kulturelle og sociale. Parallelt med videnskabens diskussioner af depression kan der desuden iagttages en ’hverdagsdiskurs’, som på afgørende punkter synes at adskille sig både fra psykiatriens og samfundsvidenskabens. I ’hverdagsdiskurser’ synes depression ikke alene eller først og fremmest at være forbundet med ’det sygelige’, men det kan også henvise til ’det raske’. ’Hverdagsdiskursers’ lægforståelse af depression synes på den måde at kunne tilbyde perspektiver, som rækker ud over psykiatriens og samfundsvidenskabens gennemgående tilgange til depression. Depression: Do diagnostic approaches make sense?Scientific understanding of depression can be divided into two different approaches. The one can be found in psychiatry, the other within social science. At the outset, the two approaches function as counter discourses. Whereas psychiatry seeks explanations in biology, the social scientific approach seeks explanations in culture and society. Alongside scientific discussions of depression a ‘commonplace’ discourse can be delineated which at decisive points seems to differ from both psychiatry and social science. In ‘commonplace’ discourse 174 Tidsskrift for Forskning i Sygdom og Samfund, nr. 25, 173-182 depression seems neither solely nor foremost associated with ‘illness’, but can also signify ‘the healthy’. Laymen understandings of depression in ‘commonplace’ discourse therefore allow for the inclusion of perspectives that transcend standard approaches to depression within psychiatry and social science.
REFLEXIONES EN TORNO AL ENCAJE INSTITUCIONAL DE LA ORGANIZACIÓN DIRECTIVA EN LOS MUNICIPIOS DE RÉGIMEN COMÚN
Authors: Blanes Soliva Marifé 
Published: July 2017

Resumen. El objeto de reflexión de este artículo parte del estudio de la legislación básica de régimen local, así como la doctrina y la jurisprudencia constitucional, con el fin de analizar el encaje institucional de la dirección pública en la organización de la gran mayoría de los municipios españoles: los municipios de régimen común. Dos elementos centran este artículo, de un lado, la dirección pública; y, de otro, la Administración local. Nos proponemos analizar la creación de estructuras directivas también en los municipios de régimen común a través de la legislación autonómica y la reglamentación local.

Palabras clave: Administración local, dirección pública, gestión pública, liderazgo, distribución competencias constitucionales.

Abstract. The object of reflection of this article is based on the study of the basic legislation of local regime, as well as the doctrine and the constitutional jurisprudence. With the purpose of analyzing the institutional fit of the public management in the organization of the great majority of the Spanish municipalities: The municipalities of common regime. Two elements focus this article, on the one hand, the public address; And, on the other hand, the local administration. We propose to analyze the creation of management structures also in the municipalities of common regime through the regional legislation and local regulation.

Key words: Local administration, public management, leadership, distribution constitutional competencies.
Loss to follow‐up among children and adolescents growing up with HIV infection: age really matters
Authors: Kranzer Katharina , Bradley John , Musaazi Joseph , Nyathi Mary , Gunguwo Hilary , Ndebele Wedu , Dixon Mark , Ndhlovu Mbongeni , Rehman Andrea , Khan Palwasha , Vogt Florian , Apollo Tsitsi , Ferrand Rashida Abbas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Globally, increasing numbers of HIV‐infected children are reaching adolescence due to antiretroviral therapy (ART). We investigated rates of loss‐to‐follow‐up (LTFU) from HIV care services among children as they transition from childhood through adolescence.Methods: Individuals aged 5–19 years initiated on ART in a public‐sector HIV clinic in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, between 2005 and 2009 were included in a retrospective cohort study. Participants were categorized into narrow age‐bands namely: 5–9 (children), 10–14 (young adolescents) and 15–19 (older adolescents). The effect of age at ART initiation, current age (using a time‐updated Lexis expansion) and transitioning from one age group to the next on LTFU was estimated using Poisson regression.Results: Of 2273 participants, 1013, 875 and 385 initiated ART aged 5–9, 10–14 and 15–19 years, respectively. Unlike those starting ART as children, individuals starting ART as young adolescents had higher LTFU rates after moving to the older adolescent age‐band (Adjusted rate ratio (ARR) 1.54; 95% CI: 0.94–2.55) and similarly, older adolescents had higher LTFU rates after transitioning to being young adults (ARR 1.79; 95% CI: 1.05–3.07). In older adolescents, the LTFU rate among those who started ART in that age‐band was higher compared to the rate among those starting ART at a younger age (ARR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.05, 2.77). This however did not hold true for other age‐groups.Conclusions: Adolescents had higher rates of LTFU compared to other age‐groups, with older adolescents at particularly high risk in all analyses. Age‐updated analyses that examine movement across narrow age‐bands are paramount in understanding how developmental heterogeneity in children affects HIV outcomes.
The 1200 year composite ice core record of Aleutian Low intensification
Authors: Osterberg E. C. , Winski D. A. , Kreutz K. J. , Wake C. P. , Ferris D. G. , Campbell S. , Introne D. , Handley M. , Birkel S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFuture changes in North Pacific wintertime climate will be largely determined by the response of the Aleutian Low (ALow) pressure system to anthropogenic forcing. Although the ALow has intensified over the twentieth century, global climate model projections of future ALow variability are equivocal. In order to evaluate decadal to centennial ALow forcing mechanisms and provide context for the modern intensification, here we combine a new Denali ice core (Alaska) sea‐salt sodium record with the Mount Logan ice core (Yukon) sodium record to develop a composite 1200 year record of ALow variability. The composite record indicates that the recent secular ALow intensification began circa 1741 and is unprecedented in magnitude and duration over the past millennium. North Pacific ice core snow accumulation and stable isotope records are consistent with this interpretation. The ALow intensification is associated with warming tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures, consistent with dynamic theory and instrumental correlations.
Constraints on volumes and patterns of asthenospheric melt from the space‐time distribution of seamounts
Authors: Conrad Clinton P. , Selway Kate , Hirschmann Marc M. , Ballmer Maxim D. , Wessel Paul 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough partial melt in the asthenosphere is important geodynamically, geophysical constraints on its abundance remain ambiguous. We use a database of seamounts detected using satellite altimetry to constrain the temporal history of erupted asthenospheric melt. We find that intraplate volcanism on young seafloor (<60 Ma) equates to a ~20 m thick layer spread across the seafloor. If these seamounts tap partial melt within a ~20 km thick layer beneath the ridge flanks, they indicate extraction of an average melt fraction of ~0.1%. If they source thinner layers or more laterally restricted domains, larger melt fractions are required. Increased seamount volumes for older lithosphere suggest either more active ridge flank volcanism during the Cretaceous or additional recent melt eruption on older seafloor. Pacific basin age constraints suggest that both processes are important. Our results indicate that small volumes of partial melt may be prevalent in the upper asthenosphere across ocean basins.
Debris flow initiation by runoff in a recently burned basin: Is grain‐by‐grain sediment bulking or en masse failure to blame?
Authors: McGuire Luke A. , Rengers Francis K. , Kean Jason W. , Staley Dennis M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPostwildfire debris flows are frequently triggered by runoff following high‐intensity rainfall, but the physical mechanisms by which water‐dominated flows transition to debris flows are poorly understood relative to debris flow initiation from shallow landslides. In this study, we combined a numerical model with high‐resolution hydrologic and geomorphic data sets to test two different hypotheses for debris flow initiation during a rainfall event that produced numerous debris flows within a recently burned drainage basin. Based on simulations, large volumes of sediment eroded from the hillslopes were redeposited within the channel network throughout the storm, leading to the initiation of numerous debris flows as a result of the mass failure of sediment dams that built up within the channel. More generally, results provide a quantitative framework for assessing the potential of runoff‐generated debris flows based on sediment supply and hydrologic conditions.
Antarctic pack ice algal distribution: Floe‐scale spatial variability and predictability from physical parameters
Authors: Meiners K. M. , Arndt S. , Bestley S. , Krumpen T. , Ricker R. , Milnes M. , Newbery K. , Freier U. , Jarman S. , King R. , Proud R. , Kawaguchi S. , Meyer B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAntarctic pack ice serves as habitat for microalgae which contribute to Southern Ocean primary production and serve as important food source for pelagic herbivores. Ice algal biomass is highly patchy and remains severely undersampled by classical methods such as spatially restricted ice coring surveys. Here we provide an unprecedented view of ice algal biomass distribution, mapped (as chlorophyll a) in a 100 m by 100 m area of a Weddell Sea pack ice floe, using under‐ice irradiance measurements taken with an instrumented remotely operated vehicle. We identified significant correlations (p < 0.001) between algal biomass and concomitant in situ surface measurements of snow depth, ice thickness, and estimated sea ice freeboard levels using a statistical model. The model's explanatory power (r2 = 0.30) indicates that these parameters alone may provide a first basis for spatial prediction of ice algal biomass, but parameterization of additional determinants is needed to inform more robust upscaling efforts.
Impact geologists, beware!
Authors: Melosh H. J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractImpact geologists have long assumed that shock metamorphic features, such as planar fractures and Planar Deformation Features (PDFs) in quartz are reliable indicators of an extraterrestrial impact. A new paper by Chen et al. (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL073843) now shows that such features might arise in terrestrial lightning strikes, thus raising the bar for identification of impact sites.
Probabilistic forecasting of the disturbance storm time index: An autoregressive Gaussian process approach
Authors: Chandorkar M. , Camporeale E. , Wing S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present a methodology for generating probabilistic predictions for the Disturbance Storm Time(Dst) geomagnetic activity index. We focus on the One Step Ahead prediction task and use the OMNI hourly resolution data to build our models. Our proposed methodology is based on the technique of Gaussian Process Regression. Within this framework we develop two models; Gaussian Process Autoregressive (GP‐AR) and Gaussian Process Autoregressive with eXogenous inputs (GP‐ARX). We also propose a criterion to aid model selection with respect to the order of autoregressive inputs. Finally, we test the performance of the GP‐AR and GP‐ARX models on a set of 63 geomagnetic storms between 1998 and 2006 and illustrate sample predictions with error bars for some of these events.