bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decomposition rates of forest residues and soil fertility after clear‐cutting of Eucalyptus grandis stands in response to site management and fertilizer application
Authors: Rocha J. H. T. , Marques E. R. G. , Gonçalves J. L. d. M. , Hübner A. , Brandani C. B. , Ferraz A. d. V. , Moreira R. M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractForest residues (i.e. harvest residues and litter) are important nutrient sources for trees because soils of poor fertility are used for eucalypt plantations in Brazil. Understanding the dynamics of decomposition for these residues and their effects on soil fertility are relevant for the management of forest plantations. The objectives with this study were to assess the effects of forest residue management and fertilizer, both applied in the establishment of a Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden stand, on the decomposition rate (k), nutrient release and soil fertility after harvest of this stand. The treatments were applied to a plantation (R1). After 8 yr, R1 was clear‐cut and all of the treatments were reapplied to a new planting (R2). At the end of R1 (age of 8 yr), there was a reduction of 10% in the wood volume in the treatment with the forest residues removed and 36% reduction with no fertilizer application. At the end of 1 yr for plantation R2, these reductions were 30 and 57%, respectively. Residue decomposition under R2 was assessed by a new approach that involved collecting samples directly on the site without using litter bags. The k of forest residues was 3.6 for leaves, 1.2 for bark and 0.8 for branches. The application of small rates of N and P fertilizer did not influence the k of forest residues. In the first 300 days after clear‐cutting, approximately 50% of N, P, Ca, Mg and S and 80% of K in the forest residues were released. Even so, this did not result in significant changes in soil fertility levels. Only small reductions in soil N and P contents over time and changes in topsoil pH resulted from forest residue removal.
Sex differences in disease presentation, treatment and clinical outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a single-centre cohort study
Authors: Ladenheim Maya R , Kim Nathan G , Nguyen Pauline , Le An , Stefanick Marcia L , Garcia Gabriel , Nguyen Mindie H 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundAlthough sex differences in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) risk are well known, it is unclear whether sex differences also exist in clinical presentation and survival outcomes once HCC develops.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of 1886 HCC patients seen in a US medical centre in 1998–2015. Data were obtained by chart review with survival data also by National Death Index search.ResultsThe cohort consisted of 1449 male and 437 female patients. At diagnosis, men were significantly younger than women (59.9±10.7 vs 64.0±11.6, p<0.0001). Men had significantly higher rates of tobacco (57.7% vs 31.0%, p<0.001) and alcohol use (63.2% vs 35.1%, p<0.001). Women were more likely to be diagnosed by routine screening versus symptomatically or incidentally (65.5% vs 58.2%, p=0.03) and less likely to present with tumours >5 cm (30.2% vs 39.8%, p=0.001). Surgical and non-surgical treatment utilisation was similar for both sexes. Men and women had no significant difference in median survival from the time of diagnosis (median 30.7 (range=24.5–41.3) vs 33.1 (range=27.4–37.3) months, p=0.84). On multivariate analysis, significant predictors for improved survival included younger age, surgical or non-surgical treatment (vs supportive care), diagnosis by screening, tumour within Milan criteria and lower Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score, but not female sex (adjusted HR=1.01, CI 0.82 to 1.24, p=0.94).ConclusionsAlthough men have much higher risk for HCC development, there were no significant sex differences in disease presentation or survival except for older age and lower tumour burden at diagnosis in women. Female sex was not an independent predictor for survival.
Gauge-Higgs EW and grand unification
Authors: Hosotani Yutaka 
Published: July 2016

Four-dimensional Higgs field is identified with the extra-dimensional component of gauge potentials in the gauge-Higgs unification scenario. [Formula: see text] gauge-Higgs EW unification in the Randall–Sundrum warped space is successful at low energies. The Higgs field appears as an Aharonov–Bohm phase [Formula: see text] in the fifth dimension. Its mass is generated at the quantum level and is finite. The model yields almost the same phenomenology as the standard model for [Formula: see text], and predicts [Formula: see text] bosons around 6–10 TeV with very broad widths. The scenario is generalized to [Formula: see text] gauge-Higgs grand unification. Fermions are introduced in the spinor and vector representations of [Formula: see text]. Proton decay is naturally forbidden.
Pentaquarks and possible anomalies at LHCb
Authors: Lafferty G. 
Published: July 2016

With the LHC Run 1 data, the LHCb experiment discovered two pentaquark states and has evidence for a number of possible anomalies in the flavour sector. The possible anomalies include indications of violations of lepton flavour universality, deviations from Standard Model predictions in several [Formula: see text]-meson decay modes that are mediated by flavour-changing neutral currents, and further evidence for a discrepancy between inclusive and exclusive measurements of the CKM matrix element [Formula: see text].
Entropy production in the early-cosmology pionic phase
Authors: Dobado Antonio , Llanes-Estrada Felipe J. , Rodríguez Fernández David 
Published: July 2016

We point out that in the early universe, for temperatures in the approximate interval 150–80 MeV (after the quark–gluon plasma), pions carried a large share of the entropy and supported the largest inhomogeneities. Its thermal conductivity (previously calculated) allows the characterization of entropy production due to equilibration (damping) of thermal fluctuations. Simple model distributions of thermal fluctuations are considered and the associated entropy production evaluated.
Relativistic anisotropic models for compact star with equation of state p = f(ρ)
Authors: Maurya S. K. , Gupta Y. K. , Dayanandan Baiju , Jasim M. K. , Al-Jamel Ahmed 
Published: July 2016

We present new anisotropic models for Buchdahl [H. A. Buchdahl, Phys. Rev. 116 (1959) 1027.] type perfect fluid solution. For this purpose, we started with metric potential [Formula: see text] same as Buchdahl [H. A. Buchdahl, Phys. Rev. 116 (1959) 1027.] and [Formula: see text] is monotonically increasing function as suggested by Lake [K. Lake, Phys. Rev. D 67 (2003) 104015]. After that we determine the new pressure anisotropy factor [Formula: see text] with the help of both the metric potentials [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] and propose new well behaved general solution for anisotropic fluid distribution. The physical quantities like energy density, radial and tangential pressures, velocity of sound and redshift etc. are positive and finite inside the compact star. In this connection, we have studied the stability of the models, which is most vital one and also we determined the equation of state [Formula: see text] for the realistic compact star models. It is noted that the mass and radius of our models can represent the structure of realistic astrophysical objects such as Her X-1 and RXJ 1856-37.
Thermodynamic products in extended phase-space
Authors: Pradhan Parthapratim 
Published: July 2016

We have examined the thermodynamic properties for a variety of spherically symmetric charged-AdS black hole (BH) solutions, including the charged AdS BH surrounded by quintessence dark energy and charged AdS BH in [Formula: see text] gravity in extended phase-space. This framework involves treating the cosmological constant as thermodynamic variable (for example: thermodynamic pressure and thermodynamic volume). Then they should behave as an analog of Van-der-Waal (VdW) like systems. In the extended phase-space we have calculated the entropy product and thermodynamic volume product of all horizons. The mass (or enthalpy) independent nature of the said product signals they are universal quantities. The divergence of the specific heat indicates that the second-order phase transition occurs under certain condition. In Appendix A, we have studied the thermodynamic volume products for axisymmetric spacetime and it is shown to be not universal in nature. Finally, in Appendix B, we have studied the [Formula: see text] criticality of Cauchy horizon for charged-AdS BH and found to be an universal relation of critical values between two horizons as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. The symbols are defined in the main work.
Finescale Structure of a Snowstorm over the Northeastern United States: A First Look at High-Resolution HIAPER Cloud Radar Observations
Authors: Rauber Robert M. , Ellis Scott M. , Vivekanandan J. , Stith Jeffrey , Lee Wen-Chau , McFarquhar Greg M. , Jewett Brian F. , Janiszeski Andrew 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The newly developed High-Performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) Cloud Radar (HCR) is an airborne, W-band, dual-polarization, Doppler research radar that fits within an underwing pod on the National Center for Atmospheric Research Gulfstream-V HIAPER aircraft. On 2 February 2015, the HCR was flown on its maiden research voyage over a cyclone along the Northeast coast of the United States. Six straight flight legs were flown over 6 h between the northern tip of Delaware Bay and Bangor, Maine, crossing the rain–snow line, and passing directly over Boston, Massachusetts, which received over 16 in. of snow during the event. The HCR, which recorded reflectivity, radial velocity, spectral width, and linear depolarization ratio with a 0.7° beam, was pointed at nadir from a flight altitude of 12,800 m (42,000 ft). The along-track resolution ranged between 20 and 200 m, depending on range, at aircraft speeds varying between 200 and 275 m s−1. The range resolution was 19.2 m.
Remarkably detailed finescale structures were found throughout the storm system, including cloud-top generating cells, upright elevated convection, layers of turbulence, vertical velocity perturbations across the melting level, gravity waves, boundary layer circulations, and other complex features. Vertical velocities in these features ranged from 1 to 5 m s−1, and many features were on scales of 5 km or less. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the HCR and highlight the remarkable finescale structures revealed within this Northeast U.S. cyclone by the HCR.
Ocean Heat Uptake and Interbasin Transport of the Passive and Redistributive Components of Surface Heating
Authors: Garuba Oluwayemi A. , Klinger Barry A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Global warming induces ocean circulation changes that not only can redistribute ocean reservoir temperature stratification but also change the total heat content anomaly of the ocean. Here all consequences of this process are referred to collectively as “redistribution.” Previous model studies of redistributive effects could not measure the net global contribution to the amount of ocean heat uptake by redistribution. In this study, a global ocean model experiment with abrupt increase in surface temperature is conducted with a new passive tracer formulation. This separates ocean heat uptake into contributions due to redistribution temperature and surface heat flux anomalies and those due to the passive advection and mixing of surface heat flux anomalies forced in the atmosphere. For a decline in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation of about 40%, redistribution nearly doubles the Atlantic passive anomalous surface heat input and depth penetration of temperature anomalies. However, smaller increases in the Indian and Pacific Oceans cause the net global redistributive contribution to be only 25% of the passive contribution. Despite the much larger anomalous surface heat input in the Atlantic, the Pacific gains heat content anomaly similar to that in the Atlantic because of export from the Atlantic and Indian Oceans via the global conveyor belt. Of this interbasin heat transport, most of the passive component comes from the Indian Ocean and the redistributive component comes from the Atlantic.
Examining the Potential Impact of SWOT Observations in an Ocean Analysis–Forecasting System
Authors: Carrier Matthew J. , Ngodock Hans E. , Smith Scott R. , Souopgui Innocent , Bartels Brent 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNASA’s Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite, scheduled for launch in 2020, will provide observations of sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) at a significantly higher spatial resolution than current satellite altimeters. This new observation type is expected to improve the ocean model mesoscale circulation. The potential improvement that SWOT will provide is investigated in this work by way of twin-data assimilation experiments using the Navy Coastal Ocean Model four-dimensional variational data assimilation (NCOM-4DVAR) system in its weak constraint formulation. Simulated SWOT observations are sampled from an ocean model run (referred to as the “nature” run) using an observation-simulator program provided by the SWOT science team. The SWOT simulator provides realistic spatial coverage, resolution, and noise characteristics based on the expected performance of the actual satellite. Twin-data assimilation experiments are run for a two-month period during which simulated observations are assimilated into a separate model (known as the background model) in a series of 96-h windows. The final condition of each analysis window is used to initialize a new 96-h forecast, and each forecast is compared to the nature run to determine the impact of the assimilated data. It is demonstrated here that the simulated SWOT observations help to constrain the model mesoscale to be more consistent with the nature run than the assimilation of traditional altimeter observations alone. The findings of this study suggest that data from SWOT may have a substantial impact on improving the ocean model forecast of mesoscale features and surface ocean velocity.
One heritage corrosion product less: basic sodium copper carbonate
Authors: Eggert Gerhard , Fischer Andrea , Dinnebier Robert E. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Basic sodium copper carbonate, Na3[Cu2(CO3)3(OH)]∙4H2O, has been mentioned as heritage corrosion product of copper alloys in two publications. The identification relied on the comparison of the powder diffractograms with ICDD 28-1048. But this erroneous reference card clearly measured chalconatronite, Na2Cu(CO3)2∙3H2O, instead which is indeed the product formed in the synthesis on which the card is based. Therefore, ICDD 28-1048 should be deleted.
Dobutamine versus Milrinone after Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Naidech Andrew , Du Yunling , Kreiter Kurt T. , Parra Augusto , Fitzsimmons Brian-Fred , Lavine Sean D. , Connolly E. Sander , Mayer Stephan A. , Commichau Christopher 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Neurogenic stunned myocardium is a well-recognized complication of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Dobutamine and milrinone are both used for neurogenic stunned myocardium, but there are few data comparing them after subarachnoid hemorrhage.

METHODS:
We compared the physiological dose response of dobutamine and milrinone in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage requiring a pulmonary artery catheter. We located 11 patients who received either inotrope. Physiological data were fitted to a mixed model accounting for drug, dose, and between-patient variation.

RESULTS:
There were 11 patients who had 152 pulmonary artery catheter measurements. Two received both inotropes (but not within 4 h of each other), 2 only milrinone, and 7 only dobutamine. The groups had similar clinical and physiological characteristics. After adjustment for vasopressin, milrinone was significantly more potent in increasing cardiac output (P &lt; 0.0001) and stroke volume (P = 0.03), while decreasing vascular resistance (P &lt; 0.0001) and systolic blood pressure (P = 0.008), than dobutamine.

CONCLUSION:
These data suggest that milrinone and dobutamine should be used in different clinical situations. Milrinone may be more effective in patients with severely depressed systolic function but who have at least normal vascular resistance and blood pressure and in whom raising cardiac output is the primary goal. Dobutamine may be superior when vascular resistance or blood pressure is low.
Spinal Cord Stimulation versus Repeated Lumbosacral Spine Surgery for Chronic Pain: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: North Richard B. , Kidd David H. , Farrokhi Farrokh , Piantadosi Steven A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Persistent or recurrent radicular pain after lumbosacral spine surgery is often associated with nerve root compression and is treated by repeated operation or, as a last resort, by spinal cord stimulation (SCS). We conducted a prospective, randomized, controlled trial to test our hypothesis that SCS is more likely than reoperation to result in a successful outcome by standard measures of pain relief and treatment outcome, including subsequent use of health care resources.

METHODS:
For an average of 3 years postoperatively, disinterested third-party interviewers followed 50 patients selected for reoperation by standard criteria and randomized to SCS or reoperation. If the results of the randomized treatment were unsatisfactory, patients could cross over to the alternative. Success was based on self-reported pain relief and patient satisfaction. Crossover to the alternative procedure was an outcome measure. Use of analgesics, activities of daily living, and work status were self-reported.

RESULTS:
Among 45 patients (90%) available for follow-up, SCS was more successful than reoperation (9 of 19 patients versus 3 of 26 patients, P &lt; 0.01). Patients initially randomized to SCS were significantly less likely to cross over than were those randomized to reoperation (5 of 24 patients versus 14 of 26 patients, P = 0.02). Patients randomized to reoperation required increased opiate analgesics significantly more often than those randomized to SCS (P &lt; 0.025). Other measures of activities of daily living and work status did not differ significantly.

CONCLUSION:
SCS is more effective than reoperation as a treatment for persistent radicular pain after lumbosacral spine surgery, and in the great majority of patients, it obviates the need for reoperation.
The Growing Teratoma Syndrome after Subtotal Resection of an Intracranial Nongerminomatous Germ Cell Tumor in an Adult: Case Report
Authors: Bi Wenya Linda , Bannykh Serguei I. , Baehring Joachim 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE:
We report a rare complication after resection of a recurrent intracranial nongerminomatous germ cell tumor in an adult. The growing teratoma syndrome, as originally described with pediatric germ cell neoplasms, represents tumor recurrence, often cystic, that sometimes is observed after partial response to multimodality therapy and despite decreasing tumor serum markers. The enlarging tumor consists of elements of a mature teratoma that presumably are refractory to chemotherapy or radiation. To our knowledge, this is only the third case of the growing teratoma syndrome in an adult patient with nongerminomatous germ cell tumor.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION:
A 26-year-old man had signs of recurrent obstructive hydrocephalus 6 months after multimodality treatment of a diencephalic yolk sac tumor and endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Imaging studies revealed large multilocular cystic masses originating from the tumor bed and partially obstructing the ventriculostomy.

INTERVENTION:
Near total tumor resection and fenestration was performed. Histopathological analysis demonstrated a mature teratoma.

CONCLUSION:
Surgical resection, if feasible, is the treatment of choice for the growing teratoma syndrome to establish the correct diagnosis and prevent complications.
Radiosurgery for Basal Ganglia, Internal Capsule, and Thalamus Arteriovenous Malformation: Clinical Outcome
Authors: Andrade-Souza Yuri M. , Zadeh Gelareh , Scora Daryl , Tsao May N. , Schwartz Michael L. , Kondziolka Douglas , Pollock Bruce E. , Steinberg Gary K. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

OBJECTIVE:
Radiosurgery is accepted as the first option for treating deep arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), although the clinical outcome in this subgroup of brain AVMs is not well studied. The objective of this study is to review our experience with radiosurgical treatment for these AVMs.

METHODS:
Between October 1989 and December 2000, 45 patients with deep AVMs (including basal ganglia, internal capsule, and thalamus) underwent stereotactic radiosurgery. Three patients were lost to follow-up and therefore were excluded from this study. Patient characteristics and outcomes were collected and analyzed. The obliteration prediction index and the radiosurgery-based AVM score were calculated and tested.

RESULTS:
Forty-two patients were followed up for a median of 39 months (range, 25–90 mo; mean, 45.8 mo). The median maximum AVM diameter during the radiosurgery was 1.8 cm (range, 0.9–4.0 cm; mean, 2.07 cm), and the median AVM volume was 2.8 cm3 (range, 0.2–18.3 cm3; mean, 4.74 cm3). The mean marginal dose was 16.2 Gy (median, 15 Gy), and the median maximum dose was 22.4 Gy (range, 16.6–30 Gy). The AVM cure rate after the first radiosurgical treatment, using angiography- and magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed obliteration, was 61.9%. The predicted obliteration using the obliteration prediction index was 60%. Eight patients developed radiation-induced complications (19%). The deficit was transient in three patients (7.1%) and permanent in five patients (11.9%). The risk of postradiosurgical hemorrhage in this cohort was 9.5% for the first year, 4.7% for the second year, and 0% thereafter. Excellent outcome (obliteration plus no new deficit) was achieved in 70% of the patients in the group with radiosurgery-based AVM score less than 1.5 compared with 40.9% in the group with radiosurgery-based AVM score greater than 1.5% (P = 0.059).

CONCLUSION:
Radiosurgery for deep AVMs has a satisfactory obliteration rate and acceptable morbidity, considering the risk of hemorrhage without treatment and the risk of morbidity associated with other treatment modalities.
In your face: Dress of the Dunedin underground music scene, 1985–1996
Authors: Swale Simon , Wilson Jon 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This article traces changing styles of dress in Dunedin’s underground music scene between the years 1985 and 1996, identifying themes, patterns and notable features, as represented in photographs by notable Dunedin identity Gaylene.1 Situating punk as an important foundation of a continuing Dunedin music scene, this article considers subcultural style as a means of expressing both individuality (against the perceived mainstream) and solidarity (within the subculture). This article presents a trajectory for the ways subsequent sartorial styles have been informed by punk in Dunedin. Recognizing Malcolm Barnard’s suggestion that dress can ‘challenge both bourgeois culture and the capitalist system’ (Barnard 2002: 136), we position the subjects of Gaylene’s photographs, and the manner of their dress, within the wider social, political and geographical context of the time. Analysis is presented from both subcultural and post-subcultural frameworks. This analysis is considered and supported through the testimonies of active participants in the scene, notably interviews with Gaylene herself and with reference to a locally produced documentary. While it is acknowledged that both approaches have strengths and weaknesses, we, the authors, suggest that these strengths and weaknesses must be recognized in relation to the context of time; the specific practices, beliefs and appearance of subcultures are context dependent and therefore lend themselves to specific analytical methodologies.