bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary compromises to environmental toxins: ammonia and urea tolerance inDrosophila suzukiiandDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Belloni Virginia , Galeazzi Alessia , Bernini Giulia , Mandrioli Mauro , Versace Elisabetta , Haase Albrecht 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe invasive speciesDrosophila suzukiihas evolved morphological and behavioral adaptations to lay eggs under the skin of fresh fruits. This results in severe damage of a wide range of small and stone fruits, thus making this species a serious agricultural and economical threat.Drosophila suzukiifemales typically lay few eggs per fruit, preferring not infested fruits. Hence larvae are exposed to a reduced amount of nitrogenous waste products. On the contrary, the innocuousDrosophila melanogasterlays eggs on fermented fruits already infested by conspecifics, with larvae developing in a crowded environment characterized by accumulation of nitrogenous waste such as ammonia and urea. Given these differences in oviposition and larval ecological niche, we expected different behavioral and physiological mechanisms in the two species to cope with nitrogenous waste. We investigated the impact of different concentrations of ammonia and urea on fecundity and larval development in both species. Females and larvae ofD. suzukiishowed a greater sensitivity to high concentration of both compounds, with a dramatic decrease in fecundity and egg viability.To better understand the pathways underlying these differences, we evaluated the effect on ornithine aminotransferase and glutathione-S-transferase, two enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism and stress response that are expressed during larval development. Under ammonia and urea exposure, the expression of these enzymes was significantly reduced inD. suzukii.The fact thatD. suzukii’s shift from rotten to fresh fruit as oviposition and larval substrate resulted in less efficient detoxifying and excretory mechanisms represents a potential approach for its control. Fecundity and larval development are in fact dramatically impaired by nitrogen waste products. These findings can help in planning effective strategies of sustainable pest management that targets both females and larvae.
Literature Evidence in Open Targets – a target validation platform
Authors: Kafkas Şenay , Dunham Ian , McEntyre Johanna 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe present the Europe PMC literature component of Open Targets – a target validation platform that integrates various evidence to aid drug target identification and validation. The component identifies target-disease associations in documents and ranks the documents based on their confidence from the Europe PMC literature database, by using rules utilising expert-provided heuristic information and serves the platform regularly with the up-to-date data since December, 2015.ResultsCurrently, there are a total number of 1168365 distinct target-disease associations text mined from >26 million PubMed abstracts and >1.2 million Open Access full text articles. Our comparative analyses on the current available evidence data in the platform revealed that 850179 of these associations are exclusively identified by literature mining.ConclusionThis component helps the platform’s users by providing the most relevant literature hits for a given target and disease. The text mining evidence along with the other types of evidence can be explored visually throughhttps://www.targetvalidation.organd all the evidence data is available for download in json format fromhttps://www.targetvalidation.org/downloads/data.
Sex differences in 20-hydroxyecdysone hormone levels control sexual dimorphism inBicyclus anynanabutterfly wing patterns
Authors: Bhardwaj S. , Prudic KL , Bear A. , Gupta MD , Wasik BR , Tong X. , Cheong WF , Wenk MR , Monteiro A. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn contrast to the important role of hormones in the development of sexual dimorphic traits in vertebrates [1], the differentiation of these traits in insects is attributed exclusively to variation in cell-autonomous mechanisms controlled by members of the sex determination pathway [2], such asdoublesex(dsx). Although hormones can shape the development of sexual traits in insects, and interact withdsxto create dimorphisms, variation in hormone levels are not known to cause dimorphism in these traits [3]. Here we show that butterflies use sex-specific differences in 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) hormone titers to create sexually dimorphic wing ornaments, without the local involvement ofdsx. Females of the dry season (DS) form ofBicyclus anynanadisplay a larger sexual ornament on their wings than males, whereas in the wet season (WS) form both sexes have similarly sized ornaments [4]. High levels of circulating 20E during larval development in DS females and WS forms cause proliferation of the cells fated to give rise to this wing ornament, and results in sexual dimorphism in the DS forms. This study advances our understanding of how the environment regulates sex-specific patterns of plasticity of sexual ornaments and conclusively shows that sex-specific variation in hormone titers can play a role in the development of secondary sexual traits in insects, just like they do in vertebrates.HighlightsSex-specific levels of 20E, an insect molting hormone, regulate secondary sexual trait dimorphism and plasticity in butterflies.20E levels above a threshold promote local patterns of cell division in one sex, but not in the other sex, to create sexually dimorphic eyespots.eTOCSexual selection drives the evolution of ornaments for individuals to display to the opposite sex. Yet, the mechanisms by which sexual selection operates are still not well understood. Here Bhardwajet al. provide conclusive evidence, for the first time, that male and female insects use variation in levels of hormones to create dimorphism in their sexual ornaments. Authors show that 20-hydroxyecdyone, the insect molting hormone, also functions as a sex hormone in a butterfly. They also show how the environment shapes the development of sexual ornaments at a proximate level.
Four-sphere head model for EEG signals revisited
Authors: Næss Solveig , Chintaluri Chaitanya , Ness Torbjørn V. , Dale Anders M. , Einevoll Gaute T. , Wójcik Daniel K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractElectric potential recorded at the scalp (EEG) is dominated by contributions from current dipoles set by active neurons in the cortex. Estimation of these currents, called ’inverse modeling’, requires a ’forward’ model, which gives the potential when the positions, sizes, and directions of the current dipoles are known. Diﬀerent models of varying complexity and realism are used in the field. An important analytical example is thefour-sphere modelwhich assumes a four-layered spherical head where the layers represent brain tissue, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), skull, and scalp, respectively. This model has been used extensively in the analysis of EEG recordings. Since it is analytical, it can also serve as a benchmark against which numerical schemes, such as the Finite Element Method (FEM), can be tested. While conceptually clear, the mathematical expression for the scalp potentials in the four-sphere model is quite cumbersome, and we observed the formulas presented in the literature to contain errors. We here derive and present the correct analytical formulas for future reference. They are compared with the results of FEM simulations of four-sphere model. We also provide scripts for computing EEG potentials in this model with the correct analytical formula and using FEM.
Sequence Alignment on Directed Graphs
Authors: Vaddadi Kavya , Sivadasan Naveen , Tayal Kshitij , Srinivasan Rajgopal 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGenomic variations in a reference collection are naturally represented as genome variation graphs. Such graphs encode common subsequences as vertices and the variations are captured using additional vertices and directed edges. The resulting graphs are directed graphs possibly with cycles. Existing algorithms for aligning sequences on such graphs make use of partial order alignment (POA) techniques that work on directed acyclic graphs (DAG). For this, acyclic extensions of the input graphs are first constructed through expensive loop unrolling steps (DAGification). Also, such graph extensions could have considerable blow up in their size and in the worst case the blow up factor is proportional to the input sequence length. We provide a novel alignment algorithm V-ALIGN that aligns the input sequence directly on the input graph while avoiding such expensive DAGification steps. V-ALIGN is based on a novel dynamic programming formulation that allows gapped alignment directly on the input graph. It supports affine and linear gaps. We also propose refinements to V-ALIGN for better performance in practice. In this, the time to fill the DP table has linear dependence on the sizes of the sequence, the graph and its feedback vertex set. We perform experiments to compare against the POA based alignment. For aligning short sequences, standard approaches restrict the expensive gapped alignment to small filtered subgraphs having high ‘similarity’ to the input sequence. In such cases, the performance of V-ALIGN for gapped alignment on the filtered subgraph depends on the subgraph sizes.
Bayesian Inference of Species Networks from Multilocus Sequence Data
Authors: Zhang Chi , Ogilvie Huw A. , Drummond Alexei J. , Stadler Tanja 
Published: April 2017

AbstractReticulate species evolution, such as hybridization or introgression, is relatively common in nature. In the presence of reticulation, species relationships can be captured by a rooted phylogenetic network, and orthologous gene evolution can be modeled as bifurcating gene trees embedded in the species network. We present a Bayesian approach to jointly infer species networks and gene trees from multilocus sequence data. A novel birth-hybridization process is used as the prior for the species network, and we assume a multispecies network coalescent (MSNC) prior for the embedded gene trees. We verify the ability of our method to correctly sample from the posterior distribution, and thus to infer a species network, through simulations. To quantify the power of our method, we reanalyze two large datasets of genes from spruces and yeasts. For the three closely related spruces, we verify the previously suggested homoploid hybridization event in this clade; for the yeast data, we find extensive hybridization events. Our method is available within the BEAST 2 add-onSpeciesNetwork, and thus provides an extensible framework for Bayesian inference of reticulate evolution.
Transcription factor clusters regulate genes in eukaryotic cells
Authors: Wollman Adam J. M. , Shashkova Sviatlana , Hedlund Erik G. , Friemann Rosmarie , Hohmann Stefan , Leake Mark C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTranscription is regulated through binding factors to gene promoters to activate or repress expression, however, the mechanisms by which factors find targets remain unclear. Using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, we determinedin vivostoichiometry and spatiotemporal dynamics of a GFP tagged repressor, Mig1, from a paradigm signaling pathway ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae. We find the repressor operates in clusters, which upon extracellular signal detection, translocate from the cytoplasm, bind to nuclear targets and turnover. Simulations of Mig1 configuration within a 3D yeast genome model combined with a promoter-specific, fluorescent translation reporter confirmed clusters are the functional unit of gene regulation.In vitroand structural analysis on reconstituted Mig1 suggests that clusters are stabilized by depletion forces between intrinsically disordered sequences. We observed similar clusters of a co-regulatory activator from a different pathway, supporting a generalized cluster model for transcription factors that reduces promoter search times through intersegment transfer while stabilizing gene expression.
Linking disaster risk reduction, climate change, and the sustainable development goals
Authors: Kelman Ilan 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to better link the parallel processes yielding international agreements on climate change, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable development.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper explores how the Paris Agreement for climate change relates to disaster risk reduction and sustainable development, demonstrating too much separation amongst the topics. A resolution is provided through placing climate change within wider disaster risk reduction and sustainable development contexts.

Findings
No reason exists for climate change to be separated from wider disaster risk reduction and sustainable development processes.

Research limitations/implications
Based on the research, a conceptual approach for policy and practice is provided. Due to entrenched territory, the research approach is unlikely to be implemented.

Originality/value
Using a scientific basis to propose an ending for the silos separating international processes for climate change, disaster risk reduction, and sustainable development.
First responder well-being following the 2011 Canterbury earthquake
Authors: Shepherd Daniel , McBride David , Lovelock Kirsten 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The role of first responders in mitigating the effects of earthquakes is vital. Unlike other disasters, earthquakes are not single events, and exposure to dangerous and trauma-inducing events may be ongoing. Understanding how first responders cope in the face of such conditions is important, for both their own well-being as well as the general public whom they serve. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
Using questionnaires, this study measured posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), psychological resilience, and reactive coping styles in a sample of first responders active during the 2011 Canterbury earthquake in New Zealand.

Findings
The prevalence of PTSD was similar to that reported in the literature. Psychological resilience, but not disaster exposure, was found to be associated with PTSD. Maladaptive coping strategies best predicted resiliency, but there were significant gender differences.

Originality/value
These findings can inform those managing first responder disaster workers through the consideration of preventive and treatment interventions.
Academic entrepreneurial intention: the role of gender
Authors: Miranda F. Javier , Chamorro-Mera Antonio , Rubio Sergio , Pérez-Mayo Jesús 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is firstly to analyze whether the determining factors of the entrepreneurial intention of academics are the same for men and women and test whether their degree of importance varies depending on gender, and secondly to test whether the lesser entrepreneurial intention of women detected in previous studies is because of the lesser presence of the determining factors of entrepreneurial intention among women or, on the contrary, is determined by the existence of implicit barriers that do not depend on these factors.

Design/methodology/approach
After conducting a survey on a sample of 1,178 academics, the results of a linear regression model confirm the hypothesis that female academics have less of an entrepreneurial intention.

Findings
Moreover, through the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition, it is observed that this lesser female entrepreneurial behavior is not because of the absence of any of the factors considered as determinants of entrepreneurial intention, but instead is related to the existence of implicit barriers for women that influence their entrepreneurial intention.

Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that a study of this nature has been conducted internationally. Unlike other studies on academic entrepreneurship, the authors do not restrict the sample to one or two universities but rather aim the study at all universities in Spain and, therefore, at all academics from all branches of knowledge.
Factors affecting health tourism and international health-care facility choice
Authors: Aydin Gökhan , Karamehmet Bilge 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Health-care tourism has become a major industry in the past decade. Following the increasing activity in health-care tourism, the decision-making process of consumers in choosing an international health-care facility has become increasingly important to the related parties. The present study aims to offer a holistic model of international health-care facility choice that incorporates the important dimensions by assessing the growth drivers and the alternative factors proposed in the literature and by validating them via a survey study.

Design/methodology/approach
The factors deemed important in the existing literature were used as the basis of a study in Turkey. In total, 65 structured interviews were conducted with health-care professionals and international health tourists to understand the perspective of the two important parties that affect policymaking.

Findings
The findings of the study support the significance of the majority of the variables proposed as important factors affecting international health-care facility choice.

Research limitations/implications
The study was carried out in four large hospital chains in Turkey; however, this creates a limitation in scope and may have limited representativeness of the overall market. The model has yet to be tested on a larger scale.

Practical implications
There are significant differences in the opinions of professionals and international health-care tourists in terms of choice criteria. This indicates problems with health professionals’ understanding of the consumer decision process.

Originality/value
The study provides a model that can be used to gain insights on the consumer decision process and also provides the policymakers and stakeholders of the international health-care industry with a sound theoretical foundation to build further studies upon. Only a limited number of studies was carried out in Turkey that focus on international health-care tourism, and the present study will fill a substantial research gap.
Factors influencing the choice of private and public hospitals: empirical evidence from Ghana
Authors: Bamfo Bylon Abeeku , Dogbe Courage Simon Kofi 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The study aims to examine the factors influencing the choice of private and public hospitals in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
Purposive and convenient sampling techniques were used in selection of 225 respondents for the study. An independent samples t-test was used in ascertaining the significant difference in the opinions of both groups. Finally, binary logistics regression was used in ascertaining the factors that significantly influenced the choice of hospitals in Ghana.

Findings
In Ghana, patients’ choice of private or public hospital was significantly influenced by service quality, word-of-mouth, type of ailment and National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). Patients who made choice decision based on service quality were more likely to attend a private hospital. Word-of-mouth influenced the choice of public hospitals more than private hospitals. Patients preferred visiting public hospitals for more complicated ailments such as spinal defects, HIV/AIDS, heart-related problems, etc. Patients registered under the NHIS also preferred visiting public hospital to private hospital. Although services from private hospitals were more expensive, patients were more satisfied with services provided, as compared to patients from the public hospital. Cost of service and patient satisfaction, however, did not have a statistically significant effect on the choice of hospital.

Originality/value
Most comparative studies done on private and public hospitals studied in isolation focused on service quality, customer satisfaction, national health insurance and cost of health care or a combination of them. This study, however, considered all these selection criteria and extended it by adding word-of-mouth and the type of ailments suffered. The study, thus, provided a more comprehensive hospital selection criteria. The use of logistics regression in this particular area of study was also quite unique.
2016 top trends and issues in Jamaican academic libraries
Authors: Harris Sasekea 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Biennially, the Association of College & Research Libraries (ACRL), a division of the American Library Association, publishes a report on the top trends and issues affecting academic libraries in higher education. Harris (2016) used the trends and issues reported by the ACRL to inform a document and thematic analysis of publications written on Jamaican academic librarianship 2010-2016, to investigate the trends and issues in Jamaican academic librarianship. Harris’ (2016) paper however noted that a survey of the chief librarian in each library, regarding their perceptions of the trends and issues would be a useful follow-up to her study, and cited this as a limitation/implication of her paper. The purpose of this paper is to address the above limitation and is therefore the follow-up to Harris’ (2016) paper.

Design/methodology/approach
The chief librarians in five of the six local university libraries were surveyed to provide insights into the trends and issues in Jamaican academic libraries at the university level.

Findings
Acquisitions, budget, staffing, communicating value, digital preservation and curation, mobile environment, collaboration, scholarly communication, information technology, space, higher education, user behaviour and expectations and information literacy are the top trends and issues in Jamaican academic libraries at the university level.

Research limitations/implications
This survey seeks to complement rather than contest Harris’ (2016) research. Perhaps a useful follow-up to both papers would be biennial updates. Additionally, a survey of the trends and issues in all types of academic libraries throughout the English-speaking Caribbean would be a useful follow-up.

Originality/value
This paper is of value, as it is the first survey of trends and issues in Jamaican academic librarianship. It enriches the existing document and thematic analytical research on trends and issues in Jamaican academic libraries by adding an empirical component. It also increases the number of publications, on trends and issues in Jamaican academic librarianship, from one to two, and allows voices from the English-speaking Caribbean (Jamaica) to be incorporated into the literature dedicated to trends and issues in academic libraries.