bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergic Interface and Optical Engineering for High‐Performance Semitransparent Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Shi Hui , Xia Ruoxi , Sun Chen , Xiao Jingyang , Wu Zhihong , Huang Fei , Yip Hin‐Lap , Cao Yong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study the thickness of the PTB7‐Th:PC71BM bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film and the PF3N‐2TNDI electron transport layer (ETL) is systematically tuned to achieve polymer solar cells (PSCs) with optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of over 9% when an ultrathin BHJ of 50 nm is used. Optical modeling suggests that the high PCE is attributed to the optical spacer effect from the ETL, which not only maximizes the optical field within the BHJ film but also facilitates the formation of a more homogeneously distributed charge generation profile across the BHJ film. Experimentally it is further proved that the extra photocurrent produced at the PTB7‐Th/PF3N‐2TNDI interface also contributes to the improved performance. Taking advantage of this high performance thin film device structure, one step further is taken to fabricate semitransparent PSCs (ST‐PSCs) by using an ultrathin transparent Ag cathode to replace the thick Ag mirror cathode, yielding a series of high performance ST‐PSCs with PCEs over 6% and average visible transmittance between 20% and 30%. These ST‐PSCs also possess remarkable transparency color perception and rendering properties, which are state‐of‐the‐art and fulfill the performance criteria for potential use as power‐generating windows in near future.
Accuracy of computer‐assisted navigation: significant augmentation by facial recognition software
Authors: Glicksman Jordan T. , Reger Christine , Parasher Arjun K. , Kennedy David W. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundOver the past 20 years, image guidance navigation has been used with increasing frequency as an adjunct during sinus and skull base surgery. These devices commonly utilize surface registration, where varying pressure of the registration probe and loss of contact with the face during the skin tracing process can lead to registration inaccuracies, and the number of registration points incorporated is necessarily limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of novel facial recognition software for image guidance registration.MethodsConsecutive adults undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) were prospectively studied. Patients underwent image guidance registration via both conventional surface registration and facial recognition software. The accuracy of both registration processes were measured at the head of the middle turbinate (MTH), middle turbinate axilla (MTA), anterior wall of sphenoid sinus (SS), and nasal tip (NT).ResultsForty‐five patients were included in this investigation. Facial recognition was accurate to within a mean of 0.47 mm at the MTH, 0.33 mm at the MTA, 0.39 mm at the SS, and 0.36 mm at the NT. Facial recognition was more accurate than surface registration at the MTH by an average of 0.43 mm (p = 0.002), at the MTA by an average of 0.44 mm (p < 0.001), and at the SS by an average of 0.40 mm (p < 0.001). The integration of facial recognition software did not adversely affect registration time.ConclusionIn this prospective study, automated facial recognition software significantly improved the accuracy of image guidance registration when compared to conventional surface registration.
Catalytic Regio‐ and Enantioselective [4+2] Annulation Reactions of Non‐activated Allenes by a Chiral Cationic Indium Complex
Authors: Wang Le , Lv Jian , Zhang Long , Luo Sanzhong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRegio‐ and enantioselective [4+2] annulation between β,γ‐unsaturated α‐keto esters and non‐activated allenes was achieved by using a chiral cationic indium(III)/phosphate catalyst. The reaction affords the corresponding C3‐selective dihydropyrans in good yields and with high enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee).
Facile Synthesis of Azetidine Nitrones and Diastereoselective Conversion into Densely Substituted Azetidines
Authors: Reidl Tyler W. , Son Jongwoo , Wink Donald J. , Anderson Laura L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn electrocyclization route to azetidine nitrones from N‐alkenylnitrones was discovered that provides facile access to these unsaturated strained heterocycles. Reactivity studies showed that these compounds undergo a variety of reduction, cycloaddition, and nucleophilic addition reactions to form highly substituted azetidines with excellent diastereoselectivity. Taken together, these transformations provide a fundamentally different approach to azetidine synthesis than traditional cyclization by nucleophilic displacement and provide novel access to a variety of underexplored strained heterocyclic compounds.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Spirocyclization through C−H Activation and Regioselective Alkyne Insertion
Authors: Yoon Hyung , Rölz Martin , Landau Felicitas , Lautens Mark 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA Pd‐catalyzed spirocyclization involving a sequential carbopalladation, intramolecular C−H activation, and a highly regioselective alkyne insertion to afford spirooxindoles and spirodihydrobenzofurans has been achieved. The spirocyclic products were generated in good to excellent yields with complete regiocontrol in a readily scalable procedure.
Total Syntheses of the Reported Structures of Curcusones I and J through Tandem Gold Catalysis
Authors: Li Yong , Dai Mingji 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTotal syntheses of the reported structures of the rhamnofolane diterpene natural products curcusones I and J in racemic form were achieved. The synthetic strategy features a novel tandem gold‐catalyzed furan formation and furan–allene [4+3] cycloaddition to build the 5,7‐fused ring system with an oxa‐bridge in one step, and a stereoselective exo‐Diels–Alder reaction to form the 6‐membered ring. The newly developed tandem gold catalysis is quite general and can be scaled up. Our syntheses suggest that structural revisions of curcusones I and J are needed.
Effect of different additives and their mixtures on thermal stability of polyethylene synthesized using iron and titanocene hybrid catalysts
Authors: Koohi Fayegh Afsaneh , Ahmadjo Saeid , Mortazavi Seyed Moahammad Mahdi 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTTraditionally, additives are introduced into a polymer matrix via extrusion process which consumes a high amount of energy. In this study, the use of different additives including antioxidants for the in‐reactor stabilization of polyethylene has been investigated in order to provide an energy saving system. Particular attention was dedicated to the efficiency of antioxidant influencing the catalysts activity and properties of polymers. The effect of the addition of Irganox 1330 and Irgafos 168 antioxidants and zinc stearate on the activities of metallocene, post‐metallocene, and their supported hybrid were studied. In addition, the effect of different additives on the thermal characteristics of the synthesized polymers and oxidative induction time (OIT) was evaluated. Our polymerization results exhibited that the factors such as chemical structure of antioxidant and its steric hindrance, type of catalysts, and their hybrid could affect the catalyst performance and OIT contents. The use of antioxidants mixture and hybrid of catalysts is a way that can increase oxidation resistance of polymers considerably. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45482.
Behaviour of recreational spearfishers and its impacts on corals
Authors: Giglio Vinicius J. , Luiz Osmar J. , Barbosa Moysés C. , Ferreira Carlos E.L. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Recreational diving is a concern regarding its effects on benthic assemblages, especially on heavily dived coral reefs. However, spearfisher behaviour and the scale of damage they cause to corals remains unknown.
The behaviour of recreational spearfishers was observed to determine their rate of physical contacts with corals. The experience level and fishes captured by spearfishers were assessed to establish their relationship with the number of contacts with corals.
All spearfishers made contact with corals, at an average rate of 1.25 ± 0.1 SE touches per minute and caused physical damage at a rate 0.51 ± 0.04 per minute. Massive corals were most frequently touched and branching corals were most frequently damaged. Touches and damage occurred mainly through fin kicks, spearfisher bodies and spearguns. Contact rates varied according to spearfisher experience level and the fish they were targeting. Novice spearfishers showed no preference for specific targets while experienced spearfishers target mesopredator fishes.
Spearfishing caused the highest known rates of touches and damage to corals among all the activities involving recreational diving. The activity may add to local stressors on corals, especially at sites with high visitation rates. Understanding how the factors that affect spearfisher behaviour and their effects on corals may help managers to develop strategies to mitigate the incidence of damaging behaviour.
The GPR investigation of the Shakespeare family graves
Authors: Carrick Utsi Erica , Colls Kevin S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAs part of a multi‐disciplinary programme of archaeological investigation, GPR was used to investigate the Shakespeare family graves below the chancel of Holy Trinity Church in Stratford, Warwickshire, England. Although William Shakespeare's place as perhaps one of the most famous individuals who has ever lived has been cemented in the annals of history, much of his life and death is still shrouded in mystery. As a result, a large number of myths and legends have grown up around his burial place. These included the suggestion of an unusually deep burial or the presence of a large family crypt beneath the chancel floor. A series of multi‐frequency surveys was carried out to establish the depth and structure of the graves and as much burial information as possible. Close survey (using a strategy developed and successfully applied in Westminster Abbey and other churches) was used in order to optimise the quality of patterning in the data. Within Holy Trinity, this strategy was validated by the detection of a known vault.The use of multiple frequencies was critical in this investigation in order both to detect the graves and also to establish information about the graves. Too low a frequency may result in non‐detection because of the relatively low target resolution whereas too high a frequency risks insufficient depth penetration.From this process a number of myths can now be discounted, including the presence of a large Shakespeare family vault or crypt. Instead, the GPR survey suggests that a simple, shallow, earth‐cut burial lies beneath William's tombstone. One story however concerning disturbance of William Shakespeare's grave in order to remove his skull does correspond with the evidence.
Decreased parvalbumin mRNA levels in cerebellar Purkinje cells in autism
Authors: Soghomonian Jean‐Jacques , Zhang Kunzhong , Reprakash Sujithra , Blatt Gene J. 
Published: July 2017

Recent neuropathology studies in human brains indicate that several areas of the prefrontal cortex have decreased numbers of parvalbumin interneurons or decreased parvalbumin expression in Autism Spectrum disorders (ASD) [Hashemi, Ariza, Rogers, Noctor, & Martinez‐Cerdeno, 2017; Zikopoulos & Barbas, ]. These data suggest that a deficit in parvalbumin may be a key neuropathology of ASD and contribute to altered GABAergic inhibition. However, it is unclear if a deficit in parvalbumin is a phenomenon that occurs in regions other than the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum is a major region where neuropathology was first detected in ASD over three decades ago [Bauman & Kemper, ]. In view of the documented association between parvalbumin‐expressing neurons and autism, the objective of the present study was to determine if parvalbumin gene expression is also altered in Purkinje neurons of the cerebellum. Radioisotopic in situ hybridization histochemistry was used on human tissue sections from control and ASD brains in order to detect and measure parvalbumin mRNA levels at the single cell level in Purkinje cells of Crus II of the lateral cerebellar hemispheres. Results indicate that parvalbumin mRNA levels are significantly lower in Purkinje cells in ASD compared to control brains. This decrease was not influenced by post‐mortem interval or age at death. This result indicates that decreased parvalbumin expression is a more widespread feature of ASD. We discuss how this decrease may be implicated in altered cerebellar output to the cerebral cortex and in key ASD symptoms. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1787–1796. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay SummaryThe cerebellum of the brain controls movement and cognition, including memory and language. This study investigated mechanisms of cerebellar function in Autism. Our hypothesis is that parvalbumin, a molecule that controls and coordinate many cellular brain functions, contributes to the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance in Autism. We report that parvalbumin expression is depressed in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in autism. This finding contributes to elucidate the cellular and molecular underpinings of autism and should provide a direction for future therapies.
Time‐dependent and nonlinear effects of prognostic factors in nonmetastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: Chi Sheng‐Qiang , Tian Yu , Li Jun , Tong Dan‐yang , Kong Xiang‐Xing , Poston Graeme , Ding Ke‐Feng , Li Jing‐Song 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe survival risk following curative surgery for nonmetastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) may be over‐ or underestimated due to a lack of attention to nonlinear effects and violation of the proportional hazards assumption. In this paper, we aimed to detect and interpret the shape of time‐dependent and nonlinear effects to improve the predictive performance of models of prognoses in nonmetastatic CRC patients. Data for nonmetastatic CRC patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2012 were obtained from the Surveillance Epidemiology End Results registry. Time‐dependent and nonlinear effects were tested and plotted. A nonlinear model that used random survival forests was implemented. The estimated 5‐year cancer‐specific death rate was 17.95% (95% CI, 17.70–18.20%). Tumor invasion depth, lymph node status, age at diagnosis, tumor grade, histology and tumor site were significantly associated with cancer‐specific death. Nonlinear and time‐dependent effects on survival were detected. Positive lymph node number had a larger effect per unit of measurement at low values than at high values, whereas age at diagnosis showed the opposite pattern. Moreover, nonproportional hazards were detected for all covariates, indicating that the contributions of these risks to survival outcomes decreased over time. The nonlinear model predicted prognoses more accurately (C‐index: 0.7934, 0.7933–0.7934) than did the Fine and Gray model (C‐index: 0.7550, 0.7510–0.7583). The three‐dimensional cumulative incidence curves derived from nonlinear model were used to identify the change points of the risk trends. It would be useful to implement these findings in treatment plans and follow‐up surveillance in nonmetastatic CRC patients.
Clinical value of integrated‐signature miRNAs in esophageal cancer
Authors: Zhang Heng‐Chao , Tang Kai‐Fu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression in tumorigenesis and are of great interest to researchers, but miRNA profiles are often inconsistent between studies. The aim of this study was to confirm candidate miRNA biomarkers for esophageal cancer from integrated‐miRNA expression profiling data and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data in tissues. Here, we identify five significant miRNAs by a comprehensive analysis in esophageal cancer, and two of them (hsa‐miR‐100‐5p and hsa‐miR‐133b) show better prognoses with significant difference for both 3‐year and 5‐year survival. Additionally, they participate in esophageal cancer occurrence and development according to KEGG and Panther enrichment analyses. Therefore, these five miRNAs may serve as miRNA biomarkers in esophageal cancer. Analysis of differential expression for target genes of these miRNAs may also provide new therapeutic alternatives in esophageal cancer.
Efficacy and safety of a coagulated thrombus injection for peripheral artery perforation: The coagulated thrombus hemostasis method
Authors: Tokuda Takahiro , Hirano Keisuke , Yamawaki Masahiro , Araki Motoharu , Kobayashi Norihiro , Mori Shinsuke , Sakamoto Yasunari , Takimura Hideyuki , Tsutsumi Masakazu , Ito Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective study assesses the safety and efficacy of using a thrombus injection for treatment a peripheral artery perforation.Methods and ResultsFrom March 2013 to April 2016, we performed 1,152 endovascular treatment (EVT) at our hospital. Of these, 28 peripheral artery perforations occurred during the EVT procedure and 20 were treated with a thrombus, which we artificially created. The thrombus comprised the patient's blood and thrombin. It was injected into the perforation site from the tip of an over‐the‐wire balloon using ballooning method.The perforated arteries occurred in below‐the‐knee artery (45%), superficial femoral artery (35%), deep femoral artery (10%), popliteal artery (5%), and external iliac artery (5%). Thrombus injection was successful in 19 of the 20 perforations (95%). One patient required coil embolization. There were no complications during or after admission.ConclusionsThrombus injection is a safety method and might be considered as one of the approaches for stopping peripheral artery perforation.
Midterm to long‐term safety and efficacy of self‐expandable nitinol stent implantation for coarctation of aorta in adults
Authors: Haji Zeinali Ali Mohammad , Sadeghian Mohammad , Qureshi Shakeel A. , Ghazi Payam 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeEndovascular treatment of coarctation of aorta (CoA) by self‐expandable Nitinol stents is one of the recognized treatment methods and may be an alternative to surgery or balloon‐expandable stent implantation for CoA but there is little information about midterm to long term results of self‐expandable stents.MethodsSixty‐two patients with CoA (40 men), with a mean age of 30.7 ± 11 years, (range 17–63 years) underwent stent implantation with Optimed self‐expandable Nitinol stents between 2005 and 2014. Successful outcome was defined as peak systolic pressure gradient ≤20 mmHg after stent implantation. The patients were followed‐up clinically and by echocardiography and in patients, in whom there was suspicion of recoarctation, CT angiography or recatheterization was performed.Results65 stents were successfully implanted in all 62 patients. Peak systolic pressure gradient decreased from mean 62.4 ± 18 mmHg (range 35–100 mmHg) to mean 2.8 ± 5 mmHg (range 0–15 mmHg; P < 0.001). Stent displacement occurred in 3 patients during the procedure. These were managed successfully by an overlapping second stent. None of the patients had major complications such as aortic dissection, rupture, or vascular access problems. In follow up, only three patients had recoarctation, and two of these were managed successfully by balloon redilation or further stenting 16 and 18 months after the first procedure and one patient refused reintervention. There were two deaths, unrelated to the procedure, 12 and 78 months after the initial intervention. Follow‐up of a mean of 45.5 ± 17 months (range 12–105 months) demonstrated no evidence of aneurysm formation or stent fracture.ConclusionsSelf‐expandable nitinol stents for the treatment of native and recurrent CoA is safe and has good efficacy with acceptable midterm to long‐term outcome.
TIcaGrEloR and Absorb bioresorbable vascular scaffold implantation for recovery of vascular function after successful chronic total occlusion recanalization (TIGER‐BVS trial): Rationale and study design
Authors: Brugaletta Salvatore , Gomez‐Lara Josep , Caballero Juan , Ortega‐Paz Luis , Teruel Luis , Jimenez Fernandez Miriam , Romaguera Rafael , Alcalde Martinez Vicente , Ñato Marcos , Molina Navarro Eduardo , Gomez‐Hospital Joan‐Antoni , Correa Vilches Concepcion , Joyera Maria , Cequier Angel , Sabate Manel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the role of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in coronary blood flow normalization immediately after chronic coronary total occlusion (CTO) recanalization.BackgroundCoronary vascular function of a CTO immediately after recanalization is demonstrated to be poor.MethodsThe TIGER BVS is a prospective, double‐randomized, open‐label, two parallel‐group controlled clinical trial to evaluate efficacy of ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in improving vascular function of coronary segment distal to CTO immediately after CTO recanalization. A total of 50 patients who receive CTO PCI will be randomized 1:1 to receive ticagrelor versus clopidogrel at least 3 days before the procedure. Immediately after CTO recanalization with Absorb BVS implantation, a specific study of vascular function under adenosine infusion will be performed. Patients will be therefore randomized 1:1 to receive angiographic follow‐up with vascular function and optical coherence tomography analyses at 1‐ or 3‐year follow‐up. This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with number NCT02211066.ConclusionsThe TIGER BVS trial will provide the first randomized comparison between ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in recovering vascular function in CTO patients. It will also provide important data on vascular restoration therapy of Absorb BVS in this scenario.
Assessment of bioresorbable scaffold with a novel high‐definition 60 MHz IVUS imaging system: Comparison with 40‐MHz IVUS referenced to optical coherence tomography
Authors: Okada Kozo , Kitahara Hideki , Mitsutake Yoshiaki , Tanaka Shigemitsu , Kimura Takumi , Yock Paul G. , Fitzgerald Peter J. , Ikeno Fumiaki , Honda Yasuhiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn vivo assessment of bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) is of growing clinical interest. The novel 60MHz high‐definition intravascular ultrasound (HD‐IVUS) has been developed to overcome the limitations of conventional 40 MHz IVUS. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and limitations of 60 MHz HD‐IVUS compared with 40 MHz IVUS with respect to polymeric‐strut visualization, quantitative and qualitative analysis, and feasibility of high‐speed pullback in the assessment of BRS.Methods and ResultsIn a bench‐test model, 361 struts were analyzed to evaluate the influence of ultrasound‐beam angles and proximity of adjacent struts on IVUS visualization of BRS struts. Various settings were created by deforming the BRS and positioning the transducer offcenter. In an in vivo swine coronary model, scaffold and lumen areas, degree of visible external elastic membrane, incomplete strut apposition, and strut fracture were evaluated in 59 matched cross‐sections obtained at conventional (0.5 mm/sec) and high speed (10 mm/sec) pullbacks. Both studies utilized optical coherence tomography (OCT) as reference. Overall, 60 MHz HD‐IVUS demonstrated significantly improved visualization of polymeric struts compared with 40 MHz IVUS (well‐visualized: 84.5% vs 62.3%, not visible: 4.4% vs 13.9%, respectively. P < 0.001), which was less affected by the beam angle and adjacent strut proximity. In the in vivo model, 60‐MHz HD‐IVUS showed better agreement of area measurements and strut abnormalities with OCT than 40 MHz IVUS. These findings were also confirmed on high‐speed pullback images of 60 MHz HD‐IVUS.ConclusionAs referenced to OCT, this study showed superiority of 60 MHz HD‐IVUS over 40 MHz IVUS in the assessment of BRS with feasibility of high‐speed pullback imaging.