bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energetics and electronic structure of tubular Si vacancies filled with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Kochi Taketo , Okada Susumu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We studied the energetics and electronic structure of tubular Si vacancies incorporating a carbon nanotube (CNT), using first-principles total-energy calculations based on the density functional theory. Our calculations show that the incorporated CNT into a Si nanotunnel acts as an atom-thickness liner providing the electrostatically flat nanoscale space inside them by shielding the dangling bond states of tubular Si vacancies. The incorporation of the CNT into the tubular Si vacancies is exothermic with an energy gain up to 7.4 eV/nm depending on the diameters of the vacancy and encapsulated CNT. The electronic states of the vacancy substantially hybridize with those of the CNT, leading to the complex electronic energy band near the Fermi level.
Depth profile characterization technique for electron density in GaN films by infrared reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Kamijoh Takaaki , Ma Bei , Morita Ken , Ishitani Yoshihiro 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Infrared reflectance spectroscopy is a noncontact measurement method for carrier density and mobility. In this article, the model determination procedure of layer-type nonuniform electron distribution is investigated, since the spectrum fitting hitherto has been conducted on the basis of a multilayer model defined in advance. A simplified case of a high-electron-density GaN layer embedded in a GaN matrix is mainly studied. The following procedure is found to be applicable. The first step is the determination of the high-density layer position in the vicinity of the surface, in the middle region, or in the vicinity of the interface. This is followed by the specification of the sheet electron density and the layer thickness of the high-density region. It is found that this procedure is also applicable to the characterization of two-dimensional electron gases in the vicinity of AlGaN/GaN heterointerfaces.
Fabrication of Si/SiO2/GaN structure by surface-activated bonding for monolithic integration of optoelectronic devices
Authors: Tsuchiyama Kazuaki , Yamane Keisuke , Sekiguchi Hiroto , Okada Hiroshi , Wakahara Akihiro 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A Si/SiO2/GaN-light-emitting-diode (LED) wafer is proposed as a new structure for the monolithic integration of both Si circuits and GaN-based optical devices. Surface-activated bonding was performed to transfer a Si layer from a silicon-on-insulator substrate to a SiO2/GaN-LED substrate. Transmission electron microscopy observation revealed that a defect-free Si layer was formed on the SiO2/GaN-LED substrate without interfacial voids. The crystalline quality of the Si layer, which is characterized by an X-ray rocking curve, was markedly improved by flattening the SiO2/GaN-LED substrate before bonding. Finally, a micro-LED array was successfully fabricated on the Si/SiO2/GaN-LED wafer without the delamination of the Si layer.
Diversity and Distribution of Pteridophytes along the Altitudinal Gradient of the Northeastern Slope of a Secondary Forest in Mt. Makiling, Philippines
Authors: Delos Angeles Marjorie D. , Buot, Jr. Inocencio E. 
Published: April 2016

Studies regarding pteridophyte distribution on Mt. Makiling is scarce. A continuous documentation regarding this floral group, with emphasis on distribution, will contribute to the current listings and may contribute to the development of a conservation strategy to preserve the fern flora of Mt. Makiling. The plot technique method was employed along the altitudinal gradient of Mt. Makiling resulting to 10 sampling sites. In general, this study aims to determine the species richness of ferns along the altitudinal gradient on the northeastern slope of Mt. Makiling. Furthermore, specific objectives are as follows: a) to identify the different fern species along the altitudinal gradients of Mt. Makiling b) to determine the richness and diversity along the altitudinal gradients of these fern species and c) to determine the zonation pattern of fern vegetation along the altitudinal gradient. The study was conducted during the months of April and June which pertains to the dry season. The diversity and distribution of pteridophytes along the altitudinal gradient of the Northeastern slope of a secondary forest in Mt. Makiling were determined. A total of 27 species belonging to 18 genera and 14 families were identified. There is an increasing trend in diversity along the altitudinal gradient. However at the 550 and 650 m.a.s.l. altitudes, there was a higher diversity in both seasons due to the presence of a running body of water as well as a rocky substrate providing favorable habitat for the ferns. There were three zones identified during the dry season using dendogram by average linkage clustering (i) Zone 1: 150-450masl; (ii) Zone 2: 550-750masl; (iii) Zone 3: 850-1050masl. Keywords - Altitudinal zonation, ferns, pteridophytes, Mt. Makiling, tropical rainforests, Philippines
Flood Coping Mechanisms in Marikina City’s Catch Basin: How Far Have Households Dealt With This Ecology?
Authors: Munárriz Maria Lourdes T. , Safaee Chalkasra Lolita Shaila P. , Luna Allan Christopher P. , Sison Christian Rey O. 
Published: April 2016

This study looked into the ethno-ecological coping mechanisms of households in Tumana, Marikina City, a catch basin. Households were interviewed based on their flooding experiences, how they have coped and what emergency preparedness they adopt when flooding is seen to occur due to typhoon, storm surge or high tide. The study found that the community-based approach has been quite useful as a tool for reducing disaster risks brought about by flooding. Such approach has also enabled the households to conserve their assets/property in the light of repetitive flooding. As physical infrastructures in poor communities are quite limited with respect to protecting the households from a high water level rise, community-based approaches and social capital can be useful tools for mitigating disaster risks. The study could be used for more effective land use plans. It could also serve to improve state-based policies by integrating the community-based risk management approach, a cost-effective and sustainable mechanism in strengthening the resiliency of communities. Keywords - Ethno-ecological, coping mechanisms, community-based, case study, Philippines
Leaf Biochemical Composition of Seven Mulberry Genotypes
Authors: Damasco Crestilyn N. , Dacayanan Merlita A. , Supsup Roel D. 
Published: April 2016

Seven mulberry genotypes, namely: Alf-004, Alf-018, Alf-025, S61-011, S61-019, S54-019 and the Batac were evaluated in terms of biochemical parameters along with leaf yield. Parameters viz; moisture content (MC), total carbohydrate (TC), crude fat (CF), ash, crude protein (CP), Total N,P and K along with leaf yield were analyzed using the ANOVA in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD). Further, Evaluation Method Index was used to determine the superior mulberry genotypes. The data revealed that the different genotypes under study vary in their biochemical components where significant variations in all the parameters evaluated except in percent total phosphorus. For the phytochemical analysis, alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponins, phytosterols, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and proteins were detected. Based on the evaluation index value, the identified and selected superior genotypes having higher leaf biochemical composition were Alf-004, Alf-018 and Alf-025. Keywords - Biochemistry, open-pollinated mulberry varieties, phytochemical, Randomized Complete Block Design, Philippines, Asia
The Integration of Sustainability in the Business Curricula of Cebu Universities and Colleges: A Review
Authors: Chaves Mary Gretchen F. 
Published: April 2016

This study investigates the extent by which Cebu universities and colleges have incorporated the issues of sustainability and environment management in their business and management programs’ curricula. The RA 9512 (2008 Act to Promote Environmental Awareness and Education) mandates the integration of ‘environmental education in its school curricula at all levels . . .’ In the global front, the United Nations’ Principles for Responsible Management Education (2008) challenges management educators to ‘develop the capabilities of students to be future generators of sustainable value for business and society...’ The curriculum prospectus of 41 undergraduate programs of 8 schools were gathered through the collection of brochures and web-based research. These were analyzed to evaluate whether the curricula have full programs, with sustainability or environment management as the majors, or at least offer subjects on sustainability or its equivalent. The document analyses reveal the nonexistence of sustainability-related programs as well as the absence of stand-alone environment management courses. The study concludes the urgency of underscoring education for sustainability courses in the business curricula. Recommendations include the redesign of the business curricula, integrating sustainability principles and practices. By urging policy makers and school administrators, business and management graduates become better equipped to decide and manage resources, cognizant of the earth’s limited resources. Keywords-Education for sustainable development, environment education, UN PRME, RA 9512, qualitative design, Philippines
Evaluating the Potential of Quingua Soil Series Towards a More Productive and Sustainable Lowland Rice-Based Farming in the Philippines
Authors: Cañete Sandro D. , Collado Wilfredo B. , Badayos Rodrigo B. , Sanchez Pearl B. , Sta. Cruz Pompe C. 
Published: April 2016

Land Evaluation System using the modified Food and Agriculture Organization framework was carried out to assess the suitability of various important crops to Quingua soil series. Corresponding sound management interventions were then formulated over the identified production constraints. This was done to achieve a more productive and sustainable rice-based farming. The system generates a more specific land utilization type in which spatial and climatic variabilities are recognized. The data used for land suitability evaluation was extracted from 2011-2012 cropping seasons. Analysis disclosed that Quingua series in Talavera and Sto. Domingo, Nueva Ecija, Philippines, representing irrigated and irrigation-supplemented lowlands, respectively, has high flexibility to growing various types of crops due to its favorable land attributes. Hence, crop intensification is highly recommended provided that minor limitations on soil organic matter, drainage, temperature, and seasonal flooding are offset. Multiple cropping system that involves off-season vegetable production and growing of cash or high-value crops in combination or rotation with rice dominates the farms’ landscape. This practice had generated varying levels of return on investment (ROI) from negative to more than 1000% as affected primarily by climate and farm management. Designing market-driven cropping systems under good management strategies can generate stable ROIs’ ten times higher than the production cost, hence, a more productive and profitable enterprise. Furthermore, soils of the same soil series exhibit similar characteristics or properties that require the same level of management in achieving the desired production output. Thus, information obtained from land suitability evaluation can serve as an effective tool for the government’s specific crop production program and agro-technology promotion.
Coral Reef Restoration using Nursery-Reared Coral Fragments in a LGU-Academe Ushered Community Project in Masbate (Philippines)
Authors: Mendoza, Jr. Antonino B. , Soliman Victor S. , Nieves Plutomeo M. , Lim Florizel M. 
Published: April 2016

With the declining state of Philippine coral reefs, the need for conservation and rehabilitation efforts are deemed crucial to sustaining ecological, biological and economic recovery in the reef system. However, there is yet a concrete and workable policy to be implemented in restoring and rehabilitating our reef areas aside from establishment of marine protected area (MPA). Here, we explored the prospects of coral restoration by demonstrating experiences in San Fernando, Masbate (Ticao Island) combined with the practices of the National Coral Restoration Program. In this project, some 20,000 coral nubbins utilizing ‘corals of opportunities’ were reared in 40 coral nursery units (CNUs) for six months and achieved 80% survival. They were then out-planted (c. 20,000 sq m) inside an MPA to ensure their protection and increase in live cover. The fragments were attached to dead corals using epoxy or tied in concrete nails using cable ties. Four coral genera were used namely Acropora, Seriatopora, Pocillopora, and Stylophora. About 70% coral survival was achieved after two months of transplantation. Involvement of the LGU, community and the private sector is crucial to project success. Results of the transplantation indicated effectiveness and viability of the CNU system to complement coral transplantation.
Production of small RNAs by mammalian Dicer
Authors: Svobodova Eliska , Kubikova Jana , Svoboda Petr 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) and RNA interference (RNAi) pathways employ RNase III Dicer for the biogenesis of small RNAs guiding post-transcriptional repression. Requirements for Dicer activity differ in the two pathways. The biogenesis of miRNAs requires a single Dicer cleavage of a short hairpin precursor to produce a small RNA with a precisely defined sequence, while small RNAs in RNAi come from a processive cleavage of a long double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into a pool of small RNAs with different sequences. While Dicer is generally conserved among eukaryotes, its substrate recognition, cleavage, and biological roles differ. In Metazoa, a single Dicer can function as a universal factor for RNAi and miRNA pathways or as a factor adapted specifically for one of the pathways. In this review, we focus on the structure, function, and evolution of mammalian Dicer. We discuss key structural features of Dicer and other factors defining Dicer substrate repertoire and biological functions in mammals in comparison with invertebrate models. The key for adaptation of Dicer for miRNA or RNAi pathways is the N-terminal helicase, a dynamically evolving Dicer domain. Its functionality differs between mammals and invertebrates: the mammalian Dicer is well adapted to produce miRNAs while its ability to support RNAi is limited.
Characterization and Classification of Extra Virgin Olive Oil from Five Less Well‐Known Greek Olive Cultivars
Authors: Kosma Ioanna , Vavoura Maria , Kontakos Stavros , Karabagias Ioannis , Kontominas Michael , Apostolos Kiritsakis , Badeka Anastasia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe present study comprises the second part of an ongoing study focusing on olive oil from five less well‐known Greek cultivars for three of which there are no data available in the literature regarding their chemical composition. A total of 74 olive oil samples were collected during the harvesting periods 2012–2013 and 2013–2014. Headspace‐solid phase microextraction was applied to determine the olive oil volatile profile. Fifty‐six compounds were identified and semi‐quantified by CG–MS. Furthermore, fatty acid composition, conventional quality parameters and color parameters were determined in an effort to characterize and differentiate olive oils according to cultivar. All samples were characterized as extra virgin olive oils. Data obtained showed significant differences between the cultivars. Multi‐element analysis in combination with chemometrics resulted in a high classification rate of 86.5 % for the combination of volatiles plus color, 89.2 % for the combination of VC plus FA, and 91.9 % for the combination of FA composition plus color plus CQP.
Impact of Infection Prevention and Control Initiatives on Acute Respiratory Infections in a Pediatric Long-Term Care Facility
Authors: Murray Meghan T. , Jackson Olivia , Cohen Bevin , Hutcheon Gordon , Saiman Lisa , Larson Elaine , Neu Natalie 
Published: April 2016

We evaluated the collective impact of several infection prevention and control initiatives aimed at reducing acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in a pediatric long-term care facility. ARIs did not decrease overall, though the proportion of infections associated with outbreaks and average number of cases per outbreak decreased. Influenza rates decreased significantly.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:859–862
HAPPINESS AND THE ATTAINMENT OF HAPPINESS: AN ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Nasr Seyyed Hossein 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHappiness is a universal concept and experience that cuts across cultures and religions. Nonetheless, the particular manifestations and descriptions of happiness are culturally informed and contextualized. This essay explores the concepts of happiness and the pursuit of happiness in Islamic thought, arguing that the pursuit of happiness is envisaged differently in Islamic thought. Rather than the more transient forms of happiness celebrated in modern, secularized or hedonistic cultures, the pursuit of happiness in Islamic thought is concerned above all with the attainment of enduring happiness.
A Plane-Parallel Wind Solution for Testing Numerical Simulations of Photoevaporation
Authors: Hutchison Mark A. , Laibe Guillaume 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHere, we derive a Parker-wind-like solution for a stratified, plane-parallel atmosphere undergoing photoionisation. The difference compared to the standard Parker solar wind is that the sonic point is crossed only at infinity. The simplicity of the analytic solution makes it a convenient test problem for numerical simulations of photoevaporation in protoplanetary discs.
Three Years of Δ14CO2Observations from Maize Leaves in the Netherlands and Western Europe
Authors: Bozhinova D , Palstra S W L , van der Molen M K , Krol M C , Meijer H A J , Peters W 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAtmospheric Δ14CO2measurements are useful to investigate the regional signals of anthropogenic CO2emissions, despite the currently scarce observational network for Δ14CO2. Plant samples are an easily attainable alternative, which have been shown to work well as a qualitative measure of the atmospheric Δ14CO2signals integrated over the time a plant has grown. Here, we present the14C analysis results for 89 individual maize (Zea mays) plant samples from 51 different locations that were gathered in the Netherlands in the years 2010 to 2012, and from western Germany and France in 2012. We describe our sampling strategy and results, and include a comparison to a model simulation of the Δ14CO2that would be accumulated in each plant over a growing season. Our model simulates the Δ14CO2signatures in good agreement with observed plant samples, resulting in a root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) of 3.30‰. This value is comparable to the measurement uncertainty, but still relatively large (20–50%) compared to the total signal. It is also comparable to the spread in Δ14CO2values found across multiple plants from a single site, and to the spread found when averaging across larger regions. We nevertheless find that both measurements and model capture the large-scale (>100 km) regional Δ14CO2gradients, with significant observation-model correlations in all three countries in which we collected samples. The modeled plant results suggest that the largest gradients found in the Netherlands and Germany are associated with emissions from energy production and road traffic, while in France, the14CO2enrichment from nuclear sources dominates in many samples. Overall, the required model-based interpretation of plant samples adds additional uncertainty to the already relatively large measurement uncertainty in Δ14CO2, and we suggest that future fossil fuel monitoring efforts should prioritize other strategies such as direct atmospheric sampling of CO2and Δ14CO2.
Energy and nutrient intakes of young children in the UK: findings from the Gemini twin cohort
Authors: Syrad H. , Llewellyn C. H. , van Jaarsveld C. H. M. , Johnson L. , Jebb S. A. , Wardle J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractData on the diets of young children in the UK are limited, despite growing evidence of the importance of early diet for long-term health. We used the largest contemporary dietary data set to describe the intake of 21-month-old children in the UK. Parents of 2336 children aged 21 months from the UK Gemini twin cohort completed 3-d diet diaries in 2008/2009. Family background information was obtained from questionnaires completed 8 months after birth. Mean total daily intakes of energy, macronutrients (g and %E) and micronutrients from food and beverages, including and excluding supplements, were derived. Comparisons with UK dietary reference values (DRV) were made usingttests and general linear regression models, respectively. Daily energy intake (kJ), protein (g) and most micronutrients exceeded DRV, except for vitamin D and Fe, where 96 or 84 % and 70 or 6 % of children did not achieve the reference nutrient intake or lower reference nutrient intake (LRNI), respectively, even with supplementation. These findings reflect similar observations in the smaller sample of children aged 18–36 months in the National Diet and Nutrition Survey. At a population level, young children in the UK are exceeding recommended daily intakes of energy and protein, potentially increasing their risk of obesity. The majority of children are not meeting the LRNI for vitamin D, largely reflecting inadequate use of the supplements recommended at this age. Parents may need more guidance on how to achieve healthy energy and nutrient intakes for young children.
EDITORIAL FOREWORD
Authors: Khater Akram , Culang Jeffrey 
Published: April 2016

This issue is focused on reframing analytical categories in ways different from how scholars have used them, and mechanisms of power in juxtaposition to how states intended them. We open with two articles on “Reading in Translation.” Anne-Marie E. McManus's “Scale in the Balance: Reading with the International Prize for Arabic Fiction (‘The Arabic Booker’)” focuses on the International Prize for Arabic Fiction, or IPAF. Founded in 2007 with funding from Dubai and based on the more well-known Man Booker Prize, the IPAF is awarded to one Arabic novel each year. The prize supports that novel's translation into English and catapults it from the national domain into a global marketplace of readers whose reading practices, McManus suggests, have already been shaped by the postcolonial Anglophone novel. Arguing that methods inherited from postcolonial studies are inadequate for addressing these modes of reading and interpretation (i.e., the national and the global), McManus develops a comparative “scale-based method” combining insights from postcolonial and world literary theory and from area studies, which she brings to bear on two IPAF-winning Egyptian novels: Bahaʾ Taher's Wahat al-Ghurub (Sunset Oasis) and Saud Alsanousi’s Saq al-Bambu (The Bamboo Stalk). In her analysis of these literary works, McManus shows us why “a stark either/or between national and world literary frames . . . cannot apprehend the ways in which a movement between them is institutionalized in bodies such as the IPAF, nor can it grapple with the implications for reading.” “Reading with the IPAF,” she suggests, requires instead “a resituation of national frames, institutionally and hermeneutically, within the nodal relation the IPAF represents.”