bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Banks, private money creation, and regulatory reform
Authors: Cross Gerry 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to consider recent arguments that post-crisis regulatory reform has misunderstood the nature of banks’ activities. These arguments suggest that a bank’s role is not that of intermediation between savers and borrowers but the systemically riskier one of private money creation.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper assesses whether banks’ activities are best understood as private money creation rather than intermediation. It considers the argument that regulatory reform has not gone far enough to prevent a recurrence of future credit spirals ending in financial crises.

Findings
This paper analyses banks’ activities and finds that it is incorrect to consider that they engage in relatively unfettered money creation. While fractional reserve banking does create flows of money through the economy, these flows are tethered to banks’ funding requirements. Multiple use of that money, rather than representing an ill-understood risk, simply reflects the nature of maturity transformation. This has not been missed in designing the post-crisis regulatory framework. The revised framework contains many features that are not fully recognised by proponents of the money creation critique and goes significantly further than they allow. Once completed, it will address many of the concerns they raise. They are right to call for further consideration of whether the countercyclical features of the new framework are sufficiently developed.

Originality/value
The paper provides an early detailed response to recent criticism of the post-crisis regulatory reform programme coming from a money creation perspective of banks’ role in the economy.
An empirical investigation into the corporate culture of UK listed banks
Authors: Cox Paul , Soobiah Diandra 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to report new research into how small groups of people – officers, directors and managers – are guiding the governance, design and delivery of conduct and culture programmes at UK listed banks.

Design/methodology/approach
The research spanned two whole years between 2014 and 2015. The method involved some 30 face-to-face semi-structured meeting interviews. A pre-agreed template was used to score and write detailed notes. From many repetitions, themes and cross-interview commonalities, a rich set of findings evolved.

Findings
Banks that made the most improvement during the investigation activated culture predominantly within the business. Centring the culture programme within the business was associated with a focus on the middle and the grassroots level of the organisation. Banks that made least improvement activated culture principally “from the top”. Centring the culture programme at the top was associated with a focus on control, conformance and structure. The finding of relatively greater performance when culture programmes were activated within the business contrasts sharply with recommendations from regulators and conventional wisdom that the establishment of corporate culture is necessarily a top down exercise.

Originality/value
Culture is intangible, and as such often overlooked, and this research contributes to that gap in knowledge through insight and evidence based on direct empirical analysis. This work ranks banks differently than published corporate governance and sustainability ranking from third-party service providers, suggesting a focus on culture performance contributes a different perspective to that based on more available public information for corporate governance.
Revised standardised approach for credit risk in practice
Authors: Prorokowski Lukasz 
Published: December 2017

PurposeFocusing on delivering practical implications, the purpose of this paper is to show optimal ways of calculating risk weights for public sector entities (PSEs) under the standardised approach in credit risk. Focusing on the changing regulatory background, this paper aims to explain the proposed revisions to the standardised approach for credit risk. Where necessary, upon the review of the forthcoming standards, this paper attempts to indicate room for improvement for policymakers and flag areas of potential ambiguity for practitioners.Design/methodology/approachThis paper discusses and analyses the revised standards for the standardised approach in credit risk with respect to the treatment of PSEs. This paper, analysing the current regulatory proposals, tests the hypothesis stating that the affected banks may experience higher or lower capital charges for credit risk depending on the following factors: Choosing the optimal risk weight calculation methodology; and choosing the optimal composition of the credit risk portfolio.FindingsThe paper advises on using sovereign ratings as a base of risk weight calculations and categorising eligible entities as sovereign exposures. Individual entity ratings are not readily available and the majority of PSEs remain unrated by the external agencies. The simplistic approach of using sovereign ratings results in a lower risk weighted capital than the approach of using individual entity ratings. The sovereign rating approach decreases the value of the original exposure by 77 per cent. Reliance on sovereign ratings outperforms the optimal solution proposed in this paper. Categorisation of eligible entities as sovereign exposures significantly decreases the risk exposure capital in the standardised approach. There are, however, specific criteria highlighted in this paper that must be met by a PSE to be categorised as a sovereign exposure.Originality/valueIn addition to testing various scenarios of calculating risk weights, this paper highlights regulatory areas that require further improvements and immediate attention from the policymakers and practitioners. At this point, the paper reports that the proposed changes to the risk weight buckets for PSE exposures may be erroneous and resulting from the typos in the second consultative paper.
Corporate brands as brand allies
Authors: Mohan Mayoor , Voss Kevin E. , Jiménez Fernando R. , Gammoh Bashar S. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of the corporate brand in a brand alliance that includes one of the corporation’s product brands.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a scenario-based study, 899 participants were randomly assigned to one of 84 unique brand alliance scenarios involving a corporate brand, a product brand ally and a focal product brand; a total of 33 corporate brands were represented. Results were estimated using a three-stage least squares model.

Findings
Consumers’ evaluations of a focal brand were enhanced when a corporate brand name associated with a product brand ally was included in the brand alliance. The effect was mediated by attitude toward the product brand ally. The indirect effect of the corporate brand was stronger when consumers had low product category knowledge (PCK).

Research limitations/implications
Consistent with competitive cue theory, the findings suggest that a corporate brand can provide superior, consistent and unique information in a brand alliance.

Practical implications
Practitioners should note that the effectiveness of adding a corporate brand name into a product brand alliance is contingent on the extent of consumers’ PCK.

Originality/value
This paper examines when and why corporate brands are effective endorsers in product brand alliances. This paper adds empirical support to previous assertions that, if managed effectively, corporate brands can be valuable assets that convey unique valuable information to consumers.
Internal corporate branding impact on employees’ brand supporting behaviour
Authors: Garas Sally Raouf Ragheb , Mahran Amira Fouad Ahmed , Mohamed Hassan Mohamed Hussein 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to study the effect of internal branding on brand supporting behaviour (in-role and extra-role) of bank employees in Egypt. It proposes a model which examines the relationship between internal branding and employees’ brand supporting behavior, mediated by employees’ role clarity, affective commitment and continuance commitment, to provide insights into the way in which employees can become brand champions.Design/methodology/approachA single cross-sectional descriptive research was employed. A questionnaire was used to collect data from 400 frontline bank employees. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the validity of the scales, and structural equation modelling was used to test the research hypotheses.FindingsThe results showed that internal branding did not have a direct significant impact on employees’ in-role and extra-role behaviour. However, that impact only took place through employees’ role clarity and their affective commitment.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that banks can differentiate their offers and build powerful corporate brands through their employees’ brand supporting behaviour. Therefore, bank managers need to consider internal branding within the context of a corporate marketing orientation. Moreover, enhancing employees’ role clarity and affective commitment will ensure sustainable brand supporting behaviour.Originality/valueThis research is the first quantitative study to examine the impact of role clarity and continuance commitment as possible mediators to the proposed relationship. It further adds up to the internal branding literature, which is mostly qualitative or conceptual and thus suffers from limited conclusive evidence in terms of internal branding benefits and practical implications.
Managing across a corporate and product brand portfolio: evidence from a large South African service organization
Authors: Sevel Louise , Abratt Russell , Kleyn Nicola 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to understand how a large service organisation with a brand portfolio manages its corporate brand relative to its portfolio of product brands.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use an interpretivist research paradigm to investigate four research questions concerning the relative roles of corporate and product brands, the role of the CEO, the structures and capabilities that support the development of brand equity (including the role of the marketing function) and the role of employees in building corporate brand equity. A case study design was used, and the Tsogo Sun, one of the largest hotel and casino organisations in Africa, was the focus of the investigation.

Findings
The findings highlight the important role of both the CEO and the marketing department in optimising brand equity and managing across corporate and product brands. Employees were found to play a critical role and the need to clarify their relative roles as both recipients and expressors of brand identity across corporate and product brands emerged as an important theme.

Originality/value
Although the corporate brand has received much attention in recent years, much of literature remains conceptual. In addition to responding to calls for empirical research, the paper also contributes to deepening understanding about how to manage a corporate brand alongside a number of product brands.
CSR and corporate branding effect on brand loyalty: a study on Indian banking industry
Authors: Pratihari Suvendu Kumar , Uzma Shigufta Hena 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe study aims to examine the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on corporate branding (CB) and brand loyalty (BL) in the Indian Banking industry. The study further intends to examine the direct and indirect effect of CSR on BL when CSR becomes an integral part of CB.Design/methodology/approachA structured questionnaire using seven-point Likert’s scale is the instrument for data collection. Stratified random sampling is used to collect the cross-sectional data from 430 savings bank customers in India. A new scale is developed and used to measure the CB as a single construct. A multi-model path using structural equation modelling is used to test the hypotheses. Direct and indirect model path analysis is used to examine the integrated effect of CSR and CB on BL.FindingsThe results of the study show that there is a significant impact of CSR components (economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic) on CB to enhance customer BL. The study offers new insight into the relationship between CSR and BL by introducing CB as the mediating factor. However, the relationship between “legal responsibility to CB” and “philanthropy responsibility to BL” demonstrate a negative coefficient in the path analysis. Further, the result of the direct and indirect model path analysis confirms that customers’ BL can be enhanced more efficiently when CSR becomes an integral part of CB.Practical implicationsThe strategic incorporation of CSR tools as an integral part of CB strategy can help the managers in the banking industry to enhance their customers’ BL. Besides economic and legal responsibilities, managers need to give more emphasis on the ethical and philanthropic responsibilities as critical positioning tools to develop firm’s corporate brand followed by enhancing BL.Originality/valueScale development and validation of CB as a single construct is an original move in this study. Additionally, the study is a pioneer to examine the direct and indirect effect of CSR on customers’ BL using CB as a key mediating factor.
Consumers’ identification with corporate brands: Brand prestige, anthropomorphism and engagement in social media
Authors: Tuškej Urška , Podnar Klement 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to examine relationships between consumer-brand identification (CBI), brand prestige (BP), brand anthropomorphism (BA) and consumers’ active engagement in brand activities on social media in corporate brand settings.Design/methodology/approachData collected with an online survey on a sample randomly drawn from an online panel of consumers were used to test the proposed theoretical model.FindingsAnthropomorphism and prestige of corporate brands were found to positively influence consumer-brand identification. Also, CBI positively affects consumers’ active engagement and fully mediates the effect of BP and BA on consumers-brand engagement (CBE) with corporate brands.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research in other markets and on a broader set of corporate brands would additionally validate results and enable comparisons of impacts among different brand categories. The data were gathered in one country, so further research in other markets would additionally validate results of this study.Practical implicationsChief executives responsible for corporate brand management are provided with some insights on how appropriate corporate brand identity management can strengthen CBI and stimulate CBE on social media.Originality/valueThis paper provides some novel insights into the research on consumer-brand identification. It is the first study (to the authors’ knowledge) that empirically supports the positive influence of brand anthropomorphism on CBI in corporate brand settings. It also contributes to the clarification of previously inconsistent results of the influence of BP on CBI. By showing that consumers’ identification with a corporate brand plays a vital role in increasing consumers’ active engagement on social media, the study contributes to the relatively sparse body of research on CBE.
Insect temperature–body size trends common to laboratory, latitudinal and seasonal gradients are not found across altitudes
Authors: Horne Curtis R. , Hirst Andrew G. , Atkinson David 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Body size affects rates of most biological and ecological processes, from individual performance to ecosystem function, and is fundamentally linked to organism fitness. Within species, size at maturity can vary systematically with environmental temperature in the laboratory and across seasons, as well as over latitudinal gradients. Recent meta‐analyses have revealed a close match in the magnitude and direction of these size gradients in various arthropod orders, suggesting that these size responses share common drivers.

As with increasing latitude, temperature also decreases with increasing altitude. Although the general direction of body size clines along altitudinal gradients has been examined previously, to our knowledge altitude–body size (A–S) clines have never been synthesised quantitatively, nor compared with temperature–size (T–S) responses measured under controlled laboratory conditions.

Here we quantitatively examine variation in intraspecific A–S clines among 121 insect species from 50 different global locations, representing 12 taxonomic orders. While some taxa were better represented in the literature than others, our analysis reveals extensive variation in the magnitude and direction of A–S clines. Following the assumption that temperature on average declines by 1°C per 150 m increase in altitude, order‐specific A–S clines in the field appear to deviate from laboratory T–S responses. Specifically, the magnitude of A–S clines and T–S responses are more closely matched in some taxonomic orders (e.g. Diptera) than others (e.g. Orthoptera). These findings contrast with the strong co‐variation observed between latitude‐size clines and T–S responses, and between laboratory and seasonal T–S responses.

The lack of clear size relationships with elevation, and hence temperature, is likely due to the counteracting effects of other major drivers with altitude, including season length and oxygen partial pressure. Switches in voltinism within species across altitude, and the dispersal of individuals across different elevations, may also obscure trends.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Disease implications of animal social network structure: A synthesis across social systems
Authors: Sah Pratha , Mann Janet , Bansal Shweta 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

The disease costs of sociality have largely been understood through the link between group size and transmission. However, infectious disease spread is driven primarily by the social organization of interactions in a group and not its size.

We used statistical models to review the social network organization of 47 species, including mammals, birds, reptiles, fish and insects by categorizing each species into one of three social systems, relatively solitary, gregarious and socially hierarchical. Additionally, using computational experiments of infection spread, we determined the disease costs of each social system.

We find that relatively solitary species have large variation in number of social partners, that socially hierarchical species are the least clustered in their interactions, and that social networks of gregarious species tend to be the most fragmented. However, these structural differences are primarily driven by weak connections, which suggest that different social systems have evolved unique strategies to organize weak ties.

Our synthetic disease experiments reveal that social network organization can mitigate the disease costs of group living for socially hierarchical species when the pathogen is highly transmissible. In contrast, highly transmissible pathogens cause frequent and prolonged epidemic outbreaks in gregarious species.

We evaluate the implications of network organization across social systems despite methodological challenges, and our findings offer new perspective on the debate about the disease costs of group living. Additionally, our study demonstrates the potential of meta‐analytic methods in social network analysis to test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses on cooperation, group living, communication and resilience to extrinsic pressures.
Loving recognition: a proposal for the practical efficacy of love as a public virtue
Authors: Rapport Nigel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe anthropology of love has tended to focus on the romantic, and to explore its universality. In this article I ask a different kind of question of love. How might love be recruited as a moral force and deployed as a public virtue? I conceive of love not solely or principally as a private and domestic virtue but as a public and civil practice: a structuring of social interaction by means of affective appreciation of individual others. I understand love as the human capacity and the human practice of respecting the individuality of other lives. The desirous appreciation and affirmation of another ‘I’ – the loving attention – serves to surmount the customary ‘category‐thinking’ by which the world is normally apprehended: the generalizing, homogenizing, and stereotyping that characterize a culture's symbolic identification of the world. Loving recognition is such that the individuality of another life, its precious integrity and uniqueness, may be socially accommodated.
Managing alterity from within: the ontological turn in anthropology and indigenous efforts to shape shamanism
Authors: Erazo Juliet , Jarrett Christopher 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe ontological turn is gaining momentum among many anthropologists today, evidenced by multiple debates and symposia in recent years addressing the role of ontological approaches within the discipline. Equal to the force of the ontological turn are the growing number of passionate critiques that question everything from the ethnographic and historical integrity of this body of work to its intellectual motivations and political effects. This article commends ontologists for bringing greater attention to the crucial role of spirits in many people's lives and for their efforts to gain deeper understandings of different realities. Yet we also agree with critics in their identification of various troubling tendencies in prominent ontologists’ analyses. We highlight how many of these disturbing inclinations emerge through ontologists’ attempts to connect their ethnographic analyses to Eduardo Viveiros de Castro's theory of multinaturalist perspectivism. Finally, we analyse one of the favourite research topics of those associated with the ontological turn – shamanism – in one of the regions most often heralded as an oasis of radical alterity – the Amazon – in a way that specifically aims to avoid the problematic orientations we identify. Specifically, we describe a series of historical changes in the relationships between shamans and indigenous leaders to draw attention to how relationships to shamanic power/knowledge are unevenly distributed, actively debated, and co‐constructed through changing historical and political contexts.