bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guided undersampling classification for automated radiation therapy quality assurance of prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Brown W. Eric , Sung Kisuk , Aleman Dionne M. , Moreno‐Centeno Erick , Purdie Thomas G. , McIntosh Chris J. 
Published: January 2018

PurposeTo test the use of well‐studied and widely used classification methods alongside newly developed data‐filtering techniques specifically designed for imbalanced‐data classification in order to demonstrate proof of principle for an automated radiation therapy (RT) quality assurance process on prostate cancer treatment.MethodsA series of acceptable (majority class, n = 61) and erroneous (minority class, n = 12) RT plans as well as a disjoint set of acceptable plans used to develop features (n = 273) were used to develop a dataset for testing. A series of five widely used imbalanced‐data classification algorithms were tested with a modularized guided undersampling procedure that includes ensemble‐outlier filtering and normalized‐cut sampling.ResultsHybrid methods including either ensemble‐outlier filtering or both filtering and normalized‐cut sampling yielded the strongest performance in identifying unacceptable treatment plans. Specifically, five methods demonstrated superior performance in both area under the receiver operating characteristics curve and false positive rate when the true positive rate is equal to one. Furthermore, ensemble‐outlier filtering significantly improved results in all but one hybrid method (p < 0.01). Finally, ensemble‐outlier filtering methods identified four minority instances that were considered outliers in over 96% of cross‐validation iterations. Such instances may be considered distinct planning errors and merit additional inspection, providing potential areas of improvement for the planning process.ConclusionsTraditional imbalanced‐data classification methods combined with ensemble‐outlier filtering and normalized‐cut sampling provide a powerful framework for identifying erroneous RT treatment plans. The proposed methodology yielded strong classification performance and identified problematic instances with high accuracy.
Multimodal assessment of orbital immune cell infiltration and tissue remodeling during development of graves disease by 1H19F MRI
Authors: Flögel Ulrich , Schlüter Anke , Jacoby Christoph , Temme Sebastian , Banga J. Paul , Eckstein Anja , Schrader Jürgen , Berchner‐Pfannschmidt Utta 
Published: January 2018

PurposeTo evaluate key molecular and cellular features of Graves orbitopathy (GO) by simultaneous monitoring of alterations in morphology, inflammatory patterns, and tissue remodeling.MethodsTo this end, we utilized a murine model of GO induced by immunization with a human thyroid‐stimulating hormone receptor A‐subunit plasmid. Altogether, 52 mice were used: 27 GOs and 25 controls (Ctrl) immunized with β‐galactasidose plasmid. From these, 17 GO and 12 Ctrl mice were subjected to multimodal MRI at 9.4T, whereas 23 mice only underwent histology. Beyond anatomical hydrogen‐1 (1H) MRI, we employed transverse relaxation time (T2) mapping for visualization of edema, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) for detection of hyaluronan, and fluorine‐19 (19F) MRI for tracking of in situ‐labeled immune cells after intravenous injection of perfluorcarbons (PFCs).Results1H/19F MRI demonstrated substantial infiltration of PFC‐loaded immune cells in peri and retro‐orbital regions of GO mice, whereas healthy Ctrls showed only minor 19F signals. In parallel, T2 mapping indicated onset of edema in periorbital tissue and adjacent ocular glands (P = 0.038/0.017), which were associated with enhanced orbital CEST signals in GO mice (P = 0.031). Concomitantly, a moderate expansion of retrobulbar fat (P = 0.029) was apparent; however, no signs for extraocular myopathy were detectable. 19F MRI‐based visualization of orbital inflammation exhibited the highest significance level to discriminate between GO and Ctrl mice (P = 0.006) and showed the best correlation with the clinical score (P = 0.0007).ConclusionThe present approach permits the comprehensive characterization of orbital tissue and holds the potential for accurate GO diagnosis in the clinical setting. Magn Reson Med 80:711–718, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
A framework for implementation of RVE‐based multiscale models in computational homogenization using isogeometric analysis
Authors: Alberdi Ryan , Zhang Guodong , Khandelwal Kapil 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis study presents an isogeometric framework for incorporating representative volume element–based multiscale models into computational homogenization. First‐order finite deformation homogenization theory is derived within the framework of the method of multiscale virtual power, and Lagrange multipliers are used to illustrate the effects of considering different kinematical constraints. Using a Lagrange multiplier approach in the numerical implementation of the discrete system naturally leads to a consolidated treatment of the commonly employed representative volume element boundary conditions. Implementation of finite deformation computational strain‐driven, stress‐driven, and mixed homogenization is detailed in the context of isogeometric analysis (IGA), and performance is compared to standard finite element analysis. As finite deformations are considered, a numerical multiscale stability analysis procedure is also detailed for use with IGA. Unique implementation aspects that arise when computational homogenization is performed using IGA are discussed, and the developed framework is applied to a complex curved microstructure representing an architectured material.
Is high‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) a reliable precursor for prostate carcinoma? Implications for clonal evolution and early detection strategies
Authors: Tolkach Yuri , Kristiansen Glen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHigh‐grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) is a documented putative precursor lesion for invasive prostate adenocarcinoma. However, the precise mechanisms of the carcinoma's development from HGPIN are unclear. Many studies have attempted a comparative molecular genetic characterisation of HGPIN and its corresponding carcinoma to study this transformation. However, to date, some HGPIN mimickers, such as intraductal carcinoma, which can engage in retrograde colonisation of the prostatic acini in an HGPIN‐like manner, have been described. In this work, we hypothesise that the lesion formerly known as HGPIN adjacent to invasive carcinoma does not necessarily represent its respective precursor lesion. This hypothesis stems from recent morphological, experimental, and theoretical evidence on the development of tumour clonality, as well as recent studies outlining the three‐dimensional architecture of prostate adenocarcinomas (most importantly, their interconnection with the tumoural glandular system). Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical role of rabphilin‐3A in the pathophysiology of experimental lymphocytic neurohypophysitis
Authors: Yasuda Yoshinori , Iwama Shintaro , Kiyota Atsushi , Izumida Hisakazu , Nakashima Kohtaro , Iwata Naoko , Ito Yoshihiro , Morishita Yoshiaki , Goto Motomitsu , Suga Hidetaka , Banno Ryoichi , Enomoto Atsushi , Takahashi Masahide , Arima Hiroshi , Sugimura Yoshihisa 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAutoimmune hypophysitis (AH) is thought to be an autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the pituitary gland. Among AH pathologies, lymphocytic infundibulo‐neurohypophysitis (LINH) involves infiltration of the neurohypophysis and/or the hypothalamic infundibulum, causing central diabetes insipidus resulting from insufficiency of arginine vasopressin secretion. The pathophysiological and pathogenetic mechanisms underlying LINH are largely unknown. Clinically, differentiating LINH from other pituitary diseases accompanied by mass lesions, including tumours, has often been difficult, because of similar clinical manifestations. We recently reported that rabphilin‐3A is an autoantigen and that anti‐rabphilin‐3A antibodies constitute a possible diagnostic marker for LINH. However, the involvement of rabphilin‐3A in the pathogenesis of LINH remains to be elucidated. This study was undertaken to explore the role of rabphilin‐3A in lymphocytic neurohypophysitis and to investigate the mechanism. We found that immunization of mice with rabphilin‐3A led to neurohypophysitis. Lymphocytic infiltration was observed in the neurohypophysis and supraoptic nucleus 1 month after the first immunization. Mice immunized with rabphilin‐3A showed an increase in the volume of urine that was hypotonic as compared with control mice. Administration of a cocktail of monoclonal anti‐rabphilin‐3A antibodies did not induce neurohypophysitis. However, abatacept, which is a chimeric protein that suppresses T‐cell activation, decreased the number of T cells specific for rabphilin‐3A in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). It ameliorated lymphocytic infiltration of CD3+ T cells in the neurohypophysis of mice that had been immunized with rabphilin‐3A. Additionally, there was a linear association between the number of T cells specific for rabphilin‐3A in PBMCs and the number of CD3+ T cells infiltrating the neurohypophysis. In conclusion, we suggest that rabphilin‐3A is a pathogenic antigen, and that T cells specific for rabphilin‐3A are involved in the pathogenesis of neurohypophysitis in mice. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixtures of antidepressant amphiphilic drug imipramine hydrochloride and anionic surfactant: Micellar and thermodynamic investigation
Authors: Khan Farah , Rub Malik Abdul , Azum Naved , Asiri Abdullah M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAggregation as well as thermodynamic behavior of amphiphilic imipramine hydrochloride (IMH) drug (antidepressant) and anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate [NaDS] as well as sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate [NaDBS]) mixtures as a function of solution composition in aqueous solutions have been evaluated by conductometry method at different temperatures. Surfactant (NaDS and NaDBS) employed in the current study is anionic in nature. Various theoretical models such as Clint, Rubingh, Motomura, and Rodenas were employed to gain information regarding the type of interaction between the components in the solution mixtures. The value of micellar mole fraction evaluated by different utilized models is found to be more for IMH‐NaDBS mixtures in comparison with IMH‐NaDS mixtures, signifying that participation of NaDBS is more in mixed micelles as compared with NaDS. Owing to the different charge of employed drug and surfactant, which sources high synergistic results in the mixed system comparative to the possessions of their pure compounds, means here anionic surfactants were elected in favor of the quantitation of cationic drug. The value of interaction parameters (β) was also evaluated by employing the Rubingh's model. The values of Gibbs free energy (∆G0m) for all systems attained to be negative in all studied systems showing that the systems are spontaneous in nature.
Influence of Stoichiometry on the Thrust and Heat Deposition of On‐Chip Nanothermites
Authors: Ramachandran Raghav , Vuppuluri Vasant S. , Fleck Trevor J. , Rhoads Jeffrey F. , Gunduz Ibrahim E. , Son Steven F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCurrently, there is very little systematic work quantifying the thrust or heat applied to an electronic circuit or other substrate by a deposited layer of energetic material. A better understanding of the interactions between nanoscale energetic materials and electronic systems, as a function of stoichiometry, is needed. For this purpose, formulations of nAl‐CuO and nAl‐Bi2O3 nanothermites were prepared at different equivalence ratios and selectively deposited onto electronic circuit analogues (silicon wafers) and the amounts of thrust production and heat deposition were measured. Both nanothermite systems produced maximum thrust near stoichiometric ratios, accompanied by a shock wave, with minimal thermal effects due to large gas production, which ejects the hot products of the substrates. Conversely, more fuel‐rich mixtures led to significantly decreased thrust while increasing heat deposition due to the lower gas production, which allowed more heat to diffuse to the substrates. This shows that the energetic material response can be tuned between thrust or heat deposition by just varying the equivalence ratio. The conductive heat transfer within the silicon substrates from the nAl‐CuO system increased more than the nAl‐Bi2O3 system at fuel rich conditions due to its higher heat of combustion.
Baseline susceptibility of Mediterranean strains of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) to cyantraniliprole
Authors: Moreno Inmaculada , Belando Ana , Grávalos Carolina , Bielza Pablo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDCyantraniliprole is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide that acts on a broad spectrum of insect pests, exclusively by activating their ryanodine receptors. Cyantraniliprole is very effective against whitefly and it presents a favorable ecotoxicological profile. In this study, the baseline susceptibility to cyantraniliprole of Trialeurodes vaporariorum populations from the Mediterranean area was established in nymphal systemic uptake bioassays.RESULTSThe bioassay data showed that the susceptibility to cyantraniliprole varied among the strains collected across the Mediterranean basin. The 50% lethal concentration (LC50) range of cyantraniliprole for 16 field populations was from 0.017 to 0.194 mg L‐1, a 11.4‐fold natural variability between the least and most sensitive populations. These LC50 values are similar to those reported in a previous study of the use of cyantraniliprol against another species of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci [LC50 = 0.048 (0.034–0.063) mg L‐1].CONCLUSIONThe current study confirmed the effectiveness of cyantraniliprole against T. vaporarioum strains, adding to the evidence that cyantraniliprole is a promising tool for use in integrated pest management programs. Future shifts in the susceptibility of whitefly field populations to cyantraniliprole may be documented according to the baseline susceptibility range of the populations tested in this research. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Improved insect‐proofing: expressing double‐stranded RNA in chloroplasts
Authors: Bally Julia , Fishilevich Elane , Bowling Andrew J , Pence Heather E , Narva Kenneth E , Waterhouse Peter M 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) was discovered almost 20 years ago and has been exploited worldwide to silence genes in plants and animals. A decade later, it was found that transforming plants with an RNAi construct targeting an insect gene could protect the plant against feeding by that insect. Production of double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) in a plant to affect the viability of a herbivorous animal is termed trans‐kingdom RNAi (TK‐RNAi). Since this pioneering work, there have been many further examples of successful TK‐RNAi, but also reports of failed attempts and unrepeatable experiments. Recently, three laboratories have shown that producing dsRNA in a plant's chloroplast, rather than in its cellular cytoplasm, is a very effective way of delivering TK‐RNAi. Our review examines this potentially game‐changing approach and compares it with other transgenic insect‐proofing schemes. © 2018 The Authors.Pest Management Sciencepublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Vaccinium angustifolium (lowbush blueberry) leaf extract increases extravillous trophoblast cell migration and invasion in vitro
Authors: Ly Christina , Ferrier Jonathan , Gaudet Jeremiah , Yockell‐Lelièvre Julien , Arnason John Thor , Gruslin Andrée , Bainbridge Shannon 
Published: January 2018

Perturbations to extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cell migration and invasion are associated with the development of placenta‐mediated diseases. Phytochemicals found in the lowbush blueberry plant (Vaccinium angustifolium) have been shown to influence cell migration and invasion in models of tumorigenesis and noncancerous, healthy cells, however never in EVT cells. We hypothesized that the phenolic compounds present in V. angustifolium leaf extract promote trophoblast migration and invasion. Using the HTR‐8/SVneo human EVT cell line and Boyden chamber assays, the influence of V. angustifolium leaf extract (0 to 2 × 104 ng/ml) on trophoblast cell migration (n = 4) and invasion (n = 4) was determined. Cellular proliferation and viability were assessed using immunoreactivity to Ki67 (n = 3) and trypan blue exclusion assays (n = 3), respectively. At 20 ng/ml, V. angustifolium leaf extract increased HTR‐8/SVneo cell migration and invasion (p < .01) and did not affect cell proliferation or viability. Chlorogenic acid was identified as a major phenolic compound of the leaf extract and the most active compound. Evidence from Western blot analysis (n = 3) suggests that the effects of the leaf extract and chlorogenic acid on trophoblast migration and invasion are mediated through an adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein (AMP) kinase‐dependent mechanism. Further investigations examining the potential therapeutic applications of this natural health product extract and its major chemical compounds in the context of placenta‐mediated diseases are warranted.
Antiproliferation of keratinocytes and alleviation of psoriasis by the ethanol extract of Artemisia capillaris
Authors: Lee Song Yi , Nam Suyeong , Hong In Kee , Kim Hill , Yang Heejung , Cho Hyun‐Jong 
Published: January 2018

The therapeutic potentials of the ethanol extract of Artemisia capillaris (ACE) for psoriasis were verified in HaCaT cells (as an immortalized human keratinocyte cell line) and imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis‐like mouse models. In HaCaT cells, IC50 value of ACE was 37.5 μg/ml after incubating for 72 hr. The antiproliferation activity of ACE in HaCaT cells was further verified by apoptosis assays. The percentage of apoptotic population in ACE‐treated group was significantly higher than that of control group (p < .05). The result of cell cycle arrest assay also supported the observed antiproliferation efficacy of ACE in HaCaT cells. In IMQ‐induced psoriasis‐like mouse models, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score of ACE (50 mg/ml; ACE50)‐treated group was significantly lower than that of IMQ group on Day 4 (p < .05). After topical application of ACE on psoriasis‐like lesion for 4 days, the epidermal thickness of (IMQ + ACE50) group was significantly lower than that of IMQ group (p < .05). The expression levels of Ki‐67 and intracellular adhesion molecule‐1 in excised skin tissues of (IMQ + ACE50) group were also lower than those of IMQ group. All these findings suggest that ACE can be used as a promising antipsoriatic agent.
Preparation of N‐Doped Activated Carbon for Catalytic Pyrolysis of 1‐Chloro‐1,1‐difluoroethane to Vinylidene Fluoride
Authors: Wang Zhikun , Han Wenfeng , Zhang Chunpeng , Zhou Shenglan , Wang Haili , Tang Haodong , Liu Huazhang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractN‐doped activated carbons were prepared by calcining the mixture of activated carbon and melamine at 700 oC for 4 h. Then they were evaluated as the catalysts for the pyrolysis of 1‐chloro‐1,1‐difluoroethane (HCFC‐142b) to vinylidene fluoride (VDF). Reactions were carried out under 350 oC and space velocity of 600 h−1. Doping of N into the activated carbon increases the conversion of HCFC‐142b significantly. Compared with the temperatures of industrial manufacture for VDF at 600∼700 oC, N‐doped activated carbon reduces the reaction temperature significantly (350 oC). It is suggested that pyridinic N and pyrrolic N are responsible for the dehydrochlorination of HCFC‐142b. The N‐doped activated carbon catalyst provides a promising pathway to produce VDF through a low‐temperature and energy‐saving process via catalytic dehydrochlorination of 1‐chloro‐1,1‐difluoroethane.
Evolution of Vesicular Self‐Assemblies of the Salts of a Natural Triterpenoid Arjunolic Acid into Superstructured Ambidextrous Gels and Study of Their Entrapment Properties
Authors: Majumdar Rakhi , Bag Braja Gopal 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGeneration of supramolecular hydrogel from biocompatible supramolecular building blocks has become an area of tremendous research investigation because of it's potential use in biomedical sciences, food industries, cosmetics, etc. In recent years, the biocompatible nano‐sized trieterpenoid molecules have gained significant attention of the scientific community as supramolecular building blocks because of its unique molecular structures. Herein, we report the hierarchical self‐assembly properties of sodium and potassium salts of a naturally ocurring triterpenoid arjunolic acid in water and aliphatic alcohols. An interesting evolution of vesicular self‐assemblies of the molecules at a lower gelator concentration to giant fibrillar assemblies at a higher gelator concentration affording stable gels were obseved. The vesicular self‐assemblies have been utilized for the entrapment and controlled release of various fluorophores including the anticancer drug doxorubicin at physiological pH.
Carbon‐Supported W@Pt Nanoparticles with a Pt‐Enriched Surface as a Robust Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Wang Yajun , Yang Yang , Zou Liangliang , Huang Qinghong , Li Qiaoxia , Xu Qunjie , Yang Hui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA carbon‐supported surface‐platinum‐enriched tungsten nanoparticles (W@Pt/C) is successfully prepared via a replacement method. X‐ray diffraction results verify that the prepared tungsten (W) nanoparticles are amorphous and that platinum (Pt) particles have been successfully placed onto the surface. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the surface‐platinum‐enriched tungsten (W@Pt) nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of the carbon support and have an average size of only 1.9 nm. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy reveals that the Pt and W elements are evenly distributed on the surface of the catalyst. Electrochemical measurements confirm that the as‐prepared catalyst exhibits an enhanced catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in comparison with commercial catalyst (JM Pt/C). Furthermore, the mass activity of the W@Pt/C catalyst at a potential of 0.9 V/RHE is 2.1 times higher than that of Pt/C (JM). Importantly, the ORR durability of the catalyst is greatly improved as compared to Pt/C (JM). This result may be due to the fact that the mean particle size of the W@Pt/C remains nearly constant during an accelerated durability test. Based on these results, the W@Pt/C maybe a promising cathode catalyst for use in fuel cells.
Experimental and Theoretical MEDT Study of the Thermal [3+2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Aryl Azides with Alkyne Derivatives
Authors: El Ayouchia Hicham Ben , Lahoucine Bahsis , Anane Hafid , Ríos‐Gutiérrez Mar , Domingo Luis R. , Stiriba Salah‐Eddine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe reactivity and regioselectivity of the [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reactions of a series of 4‐substituted‐aryl azides/alkynes in toluene have been explored experimentally. These 32CA reactions have been also studied within the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) computational level. The computed activation energies, in gas phase and in toluene, show that the 1,5‐regioisomeric channels are slightly favoured kinetically as found experimentally. The topological analysis of the electron localisation function (ELF) of some relevant points of the regioisomeric reaction paths shows that while the formation of the 1,4‐diaryl triazoles takes place via a low asynchronous C−N bond formation process, the formation of the favoured 1,5‐diaryl triazoles takes place via a two‐stage one‐step mechanism, as the result of the attack of the most nucleophilic center of the aryl alkyne on the most electrocyclic center of aryl azide.