bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thalamocortical Dysconnectivity in Treatment‐Resistant Depression
Authors: Tu Pei‐Chi , Lin Wei‐Chen , Chang Wan‐Chen , Su Tung‐Ping , Li Cheng‐Ta , Bai Ya‐Mei , Tsai Shih‐Jen , Chen Mu‐Hong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThalamocortical connectivity is associated with cognitive and affective processing. The role of thalamocortical connectivity in the pathomechanism of treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) remains unclear. This study included 48 patients with TRD and 48 healthy individuals. We investigated thalamocortical connectivity by performing resting‐state functional MRI with the bilateral thalamus as the seed. In addition, patients with TRD were evaluated using the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Compared with the healthy individuals, the patients with TRD exhibited increased functional connectivity (FC) of the thalamus with the insula and superior temporal cortex and reduced the FC of the thalamus with the anterior paracingulate cortex and cerebellum crus II. Our study may support the crucial role of thalamocortical dysconnectivity in the TRD pathomechanism. However, the small sample size may limit the statistical power. A future study with a large sample size of patients with TRD would be required to validate our findings.
Use of ivabradine in children with junctional ectopic tachycardia after pediatric cardiac surgery; two‐centre experience
Authors: Kamali Hacer , Öztürk Erkut , Çiftçi Mehtap , Kafali Hasan Candas , Şahin Gülhan Tunca , Haydin Sertaç , Hatemi Ali Can , Tanıdır İbrahim Cansaran , Güzeltaş Alper , Ergül Yakup 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlthough amiodarone is traditionally used in the treatment of postoperative junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET), the search for new treatments is ongoing. We present our experience with ivabradine at two medical centers.Materials and MethodsBetween January 2022 and January 2023, patients who developed JET after pediatric cardiac surgery were prospectively followed up and documented. The diagnosis of JET was made with the support of the electrophysiology team and treatment was based primarily on whether JET disrupted hemodynamics.ResultsThis study was conducted at two high‐volume centers, which record a total of 1130 pediatric cardiac surgeries within a year. The study recruited 26 patients with median heart rate 180 beats per minute, and 10 (38%) patients had impaired hemodynamics. Out of the 26 study participants, 14 (54%) cases were treated with ivabradine alone, 10 (38%) cases were treated with amiodarone + ivabradine, and 2 patients (8%) with high heart rates and prolonged junctional arrhythmia were treated with ivabradine and flecainide. The median time to ventricular rate control was 12 h, and the median time to sinus rhythm conversion was 55.5 h. No ivabradine‐related side effects were observed in any of the patients, and no patient experienced JET recurrence after discontinuing treatment.ConclusionIvabradine seems to be a safe and effective medical treatment that can be used as the primary treatment in patients with stable hemodynamics, as an adjunctive therapy to amiodarone in patients with impaired hemodynamics.
How Will Artificial Intelligence (AI) Evolve Organizational Leadership? Understanding the Perspectives of Technopreneurs
Authors: Zaidi Syed Yasir Abbas , Aslam Muhammad Faisal , Mahmood Faisal , Ahmad Bilal , Raza Sadia Bint 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has made it an indispensable tool for organizations, transforming how leaders make decisions and promising to revolutionize team dynamics. Despite the growing importance of AI at the organizational leadership level, there is a lack of reliable scientific research on how it will change current leadership practices. To address this gap, this study conducted expert interviews with 10 IT companies in Pakistan to better understand how AI impacts organizational leadership. The findings suggest that AI will bring about significant changes in leadership practices, including shifting towards intelligent approaches, making leaders tech‐savvy, expanding human capabilities, learning and unlearning traditional managerial competencies, fostering AI‐congruent leadership characteristics, benchmarking sustainability, and coaching leaders for the future. AI fundamentally alters how leaders make decisions and holds the potential of transforming future team dynamics. These findings have important implications for the future of organizational leadership practices and research.
Potential of Hyperspectral Data Combined With Optimal Band Combination Algorithm for Estimating Soil Organic Carbon Content in Lakeside Oasis
Authors: Yang Jixiang , Li Xinguo , Ma Xiaofei , Ge Xiangyu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAccurate estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC) content is essential for promoting regional sustainable agriculture and improving land quality. Visible and near‐infrared (Vis‐NIR) near‐Earth remote sensing spectroscopy has become an effective alternative to the traditional time‐consuming and costly methods due to its high‐resolution and nondestructive application, but it is vulnerable to the redundancy of spectral information and the overlap between bands. This study delves into the potential of optimal spectral parameters for estimating SOC in arid lakeside oases, using Bosten Lake in Xinjiang, China, as a focal point. Soil samples (0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm, 30–40 cm) were collected, and their SOC content and hyperspectral reflectance were measured. The spectral data underwent preprocessing techniques, including continuum removal (CR), standard normal variate (SNV), and continuous wavelet transform (CWT). SOC content was predicted using back propagation neural network models constructed based on one‐dimensional (1D), two‐dimensional (2D), and three‐dimensional (3D) correlation coefficients. Results showcased the effectiveness of the CWT method in accentuating potential spectral information and enhancing variable correlation. Among the indices, 3D exhibited the highest performance (R2 = 0.82, RPD = 2.02 for TDI‐1 at 0–10 cm; R2 = 0.85, RPD = 2.28 for TDI‐2 at 10–20 cm; R2 = 0.83, RPD = 2.24 for TDI‐1 at 20–30 cm; R2 = 0.86, RPD = 2.53 for TDI‐4 at 30–40 cm), followed by 2D and then 1D. These insights offer guidance for future strategies in hyperspectral data preprocessing and spectral index determination, facilitating SOC spatial distribution mapping and advancing sustainable agricultural planning. They also have implications for determining the spatial distribution of SOC content based on spatial interpolation, which would contribute to regional agricultural planning and sustainable development.
Quantum Weak Value Enabled Quantitative Phase Imaging
Authors: Yang Qiang , Shou Yichang , Chen Shizhen , Wen Shuangchun , Luo Hailu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuantitative phase imaging (QPI) has been a powerful approach in bioimaging because it can protect specimens from staining and quantify important physical properties of biological specimen, such as local thickness and refractive index. Here, a simple mechanism is proposed to implement QPI based on the quantum weak‐value theory. Two weak values are employed. One is momentum weak value, which inherently gives the phase gradient of the cells and tissues, and the other is polarization weak value leading to the biased imaging. Following the essence of weak value amplification in precision metrology, the weak value can also enhance the contrast in imaging. By combining two converse bias images and a phase gradient intensity image to capture phase gradient data, the original phase of the specimen can be quantitatively reconstructed. A proof‐of‐principle experiment is conducted by imaging the phase targets and unstained Paramecium cells. The ability to capture quantitative phase data is validated through imaging various samples with a phase resolution, demonstrating height deviations of less than 10 nm compared to atomic force microscopy (AFM). This work proposes weak‐value‐based QPI that possess the potential for improving the measurement precision and provides deep insights into physics and applications of weak value.
On‐Demand Generation and Control of Giant Terahertz Nonlinearity with Metasurfaces
Authors: Wang Chen , Wen Yongzheng , Tan Yong , Zhao Shiqiang , Yu Kaixin , Sun Jingbo , Zhou Ji 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSimultaneous control of the optical linearity and nonlinearity of the materials plays key roles in next‐generation electronics and optics as it offers the potential of manipulating the fundamental properties while generating new frequencies of light. Such control is exceedingly challenging at the technologically important terahertz (THz) frequencies due to the severe scarcity of high‐performance nonlinear materials. Here, a unique method is introduced for achieving THz second‐order nonlinearity through Lorentz force‐driven anharmonic oscillations of free electrons in metasurfaces. It does not depend on natural nonlinear materials and provides ultrahigh design freedom. Using this approach, efficient THz second harmonic generation (SHG) is experimentally demonstrated with remarkably large values of the effective nonlinear susceptibility at room temperature. By engineering the geometry of the metasurfaces, the generation and suppression of the second harmonics can be controlled and customize their polarization states at will. This efficient, configurable, room‐temperature, and ultra‐compact platform for THz SHG provides new perspectives for developing high‐performance THz sources, frequency multipliers, and other nonlinear devices.
Nanogels in Biomedical Engineering: Revolutionizing Drug Delivery, Tissue Engineering, and Bioimaging
Authors: Dehchani Atieh Janmaleki , Jafari Aliakbar , Shahi Farangis 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNanogels represent a significant innovation in the fields of nanotechnology and biomedical engineering, combining the properties of hydrogels and nanoparticles to create versatile platforms for drug delivery, tissue engineering, bioimaging, and other biomedical applications. These nanoscale hydrogels, typically ranging from 10 to 1000 nm, possess unique characteristics such as high water content, biocompatibility, and the ability to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules. The review explores the synthesis, structural configurations, and stimuli‐responsive nature of nanogels, highlighting their adaptability for targeted drug delivery, including across challenging barriers like the blood–brain barrier. Furthermore, the paper delves into the biomedical applications of nanogels, particularly in drug delivery systems, tissue engineering, and bioimaging, demonstrating their potential to revolutionize these fields. Despite the promising preclinical results, challenges remain in translating these technologies into clinical practice, including issues related to stability, scalability, and regulatory approval. The review concludes by discussing future perspectives, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize the properties and applications of nanogels, ultimately aiming to enhance their efficacy and safety in clinical settings.
Comparing personality traits of healthcare workers with and without long COVID: Cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sakai Keiko , Tarutani Seiichiro , Okamura Takehiko , Yoneda Hiroshi , Kawasaki Tatsuhito , Takeda Masatoshi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimPathological mechanisms of “long COVID” after recovery from the main symptoms of COVID‐19 are unclear. We compared psychological differences between individuals with and without long COVID symptoms after initial COVID‐19 infections.MethodsThis study includes medical workers with and without history of COVID‐19. We assessed the degree of depression, health‐related quality of life (HRQOL), the degree of anxiety and fear of COVID‐19, and we used an original questionnaire. In the COVID‐19 group, we also assessed personality traits and anxiety. The COVID‐19 group was subclassified into those with and without long COVID to examine differences in circumstantial and psychological examinations.ResultsOf 310 participants (141 men, 169 women, median age: 40 years), 167 had history of COVID‐19 (83/84, 37 years) and 143 did not (58 men/85 women, 46 years). In the COVID‐19 group, 26 had long COVID (12/14, 32 years) and 141 did not (71/70, 37 years). Fewer participants in the COVID‐19 group had had COVID‐19 vaccinations. The long COVID group had higher number of symptoms at time of illness and higher NEO Five Factor Inventory Neuroticism scores than the non‐long COVID group. They also had poorer mental health according to HRQOL than those without.ConclusionRisk factors for long COVID may include the number of symptoms at the time of illness and neurotic tendency on NEO Five Factor Inventory. Participants with long COVID had poorer mental health according to HRQOL. People with long COVID might be especially sensitive to and pessimistic about the symptoms that interfere with their daily lives, resulting in certain cognitive and behavioral patterns. They may benefit from early psychiatric intervention.
A 2‐year longitudinal study of the association between unhealthy lifestyle factors and the development of depressive symptoms in university students
Authors: Furihata Ryuji , Ishida Mami , Nakagami Yukako , Yanase Maya , Uwatoko Teruhisa , Okabayashi Satoe , Kiyohara Kosuke , Kawamura Takashi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between unhealthy lifestyle factors and the development of depressive symptoms with adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics in university students using health checkup data.MethodsAmong information obtained from university student health checkups conducted in 2017 and 2019, we analyzed both the clinical data and responses to questionnaires. The subjects used for analysis were 3190 individuals (2382 men and 808 women, mean age 19.0 years) who had been free of depressive symptoms in the 2017 survey and were available for a 2‐year follow‐up. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐2) was used as a self‐rating scale for depressive symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association between lifestyle factors (such as body mass index, self‐rated health, whether breakfast was taken, degree of exercise, satisfaction with sleep, smoking, and alcohol drinking) in the 2017 survey and any development of depressive symptoms revealed in the 2019 survey, adjusting for sociodemographic variables and other lifestyle factors.ResultsMultivariable logistic analysis showed that poor satisfaction with sleep (odds ratio [OR), 4.09; 95% confidence interval [CI), 1.96–8.53; p < 0.01) and female gender (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.01–4.60; p = 0.05) were significantly associated with the development of depressive symptoms 2 years later.ConclusionThis study has revealed an association between poor satisfaction with sleep and the development of depressive symptoms. We believe that these findings may be useful for the prevention and treatment of depressive symptoms in university students.
Evaluation of the effects of a team‐based systematic prevention and management program for postoperative orthopedic older patients: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Yamaguchi Fumitake , Inomata Chie , Yoshinaga Naoki , Sawada Hirotake , Shimamoto Kazuko , Haruta‐Tsukamoto Ayaka 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThis study aimed to evaluate a team‐based systematic prevention and management program for delirium (a multicomponent intervention addressing potentially modifiable risk factors based on the DELirium Team Approach [DELTA]) in older patients undergoing orthopedic surgery within a real‐world clinical setting. The DELTA program was initiated at our hospital in January 2019.MethodsA retrospective before–after study was conducted during a preintervention period (January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018) and a postintervention period (January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021) at orthopedic wards of an advanced acute care hospital in Japan. A total of 787 inpatients were evaluated before the preintervention period, and 833 inpatients were evaluated after the postintervention period.ResultsAfter the DELTA program's implementation, a significant decrease in benzodiazepine receptor agonist prescriptions (odds ratio [OR], 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.29–0.53) and an increase in prescriptions of either melatonin receptor agonists or dual orexin receptor antagonists (OR, 3.83; 95% CI, 2.49–5.88) were observed. However, no significant difference was observed in the incidence of falls, self‐extubation, or required level of medical and nursing care, including risky behavior and inability to follow medical or care instructions following the intervention, despite a reduction in the length of hospital stay and institutionalization.ConclusionImplementing the DELTA program for older patients undergoing orthopedic surgery contributed to optimizing the prescription of hypnotics; however, the impact on other patient outcomes, such as falls, self‐extubation, and required level of medical and nursing care was limited.
Impact of Adsorption on the Vapor Availability of Contained Explosives and Drugs
Authors: Calabrese Emma , Alexis Sierra , Furton Kenneth G. , DeGreeff Lauryn E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDetection canines are used to locate explosives, drugs, and other contraband based on the presence of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with the target items, even when attempts have been made to contain them in layers of packaging. It is important to understand the extent to which different materials impact vapor availability through adsorption or absorption and therefore the ability of canines to detect target materials. This study considered how the attenuation of vapor components associated with explosives and drugs (hexamethylene triperoxide diamine (HMTD), trinitrotoluene (TNT), triacetone triperoxide (TATP), and cocaine) by commonly used concealment and storage materials (metal, glass, plastic, and cardboard). Adsorption/desorption affinity was measured using a quartz crystal microbalance which can measure nanogram level mass changes as vapor from an analyte is flowed over and interacts with a sensor coated in a material of interest. Headspace analysis using solid phase microextraction (SPME) with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry or electron capture detector (GC/MS or ECD) measured the VOCs over time as each analyte of interest was exposed to either 50 cm2 or 100 cm2 of each material. Overall, the results demonstrated that the amount of sorption and vapor suppression varies based on the material, with the greatest attenuation of analyte vapor by cardboard, followed by polystyrene, and then glass. Furthermore, it also depends on the analyte, as demonstrated by minimal sorption of TATP, particularly to polystyrene, and the compounds in HMTD having different affinities resulting in an altered vapor profile.
Retzius‐sparing versus standard robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: A two‐year patient‐reported and oncological assessment
Authors: Diamand Romain , Bernard Pierre‐Loup , Mjaess Georges , Benijts Jan , Assenmacher Christophe , Assenmacher Grégoire 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the two‐year functional and oncological outcomes of Retzius‐sparing robot‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (rsRALP) and standard approach (sRALP).MethodsA total of 200 consecutive patients who underwent either sRALP (n = 100) or rsRALP (n = 100) for clinically localized PCa at a single referral European center between 2015 and 2020 were identified from a prospectively cohort, as part of the Belgian Cancer Registry. Primary outcomes included functional outcomes and quality of life (QoL) using validated patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) assessed at 1‐, 3‐, 12‐, and 24‐months post‐surgery. Secondary outcomes comprised oncological outcomes reported as positive surgical margins (PSM) and 5‐year biochemical recurrence (BCR). Kaplan‐Meier analysis with log‐rank test and multivariable Cox regression were used.ResultsThe median follow‐up was 60 months. No significant differences were observed between the surgical approaches in terms of patient and tumor characteristics. Urinary function and QoL were significantly better at each follow‐up period (all p ≤ 0.01) with rsRALP, while sexual function was not significantly different 12 months after surgery. No significant difference in positive surgical margins rate was observed between surgical approaches (31% vs 32%, p = 0.9). Retzius‐sparing RALP was associated with longer PSM lengths (5 mm vs 2.5 mm, p = 0.02), a higher multifocality rate (34% vs. 13%, p < 0.001), more occurrences in organ‐confined disease (59% vs. 39%, p < 0.001) and at anterior locations (37% vs. 16%, p = 0.05). Five‐year BCR‐free survival was not significantly different, and surgical approach was not a predictor of BCR.ConclusionsThe rsRALP approach significantly improves both early and short‐term urinary function and QoL compared to sRALP. Despite being associated with worse PSM characteristics, no significant decrease in BCR‐free survival was observed with rsRALP.
Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency in Heart Failure: Clinical Features and Association With Cardiac Cachexia
Authors: Vijver Marlene A. T. , Dams Olivier C. , Gorter Thomas M. , van Veldhuisen Charlotte L. , Verdonk Robert C. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundCardiac cachexia is a complex syndrome, and the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) causes malabsorption, malnutrition and sarcopenia; and might contribute to cardiac cachexia. The prevalence of EPI and its clinical profile in patients with heart failure (HF) remain unknown. The objective of this study is to prospectively examine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of EPI in a wide spectrum of patients with HF and to relate these findings to malnutrition and cardiac cachexia.MethodsExocrine pancreatic function was examined in patients with HF using faecal elastase 1 (FE‐1) measurements. A FE‐1 level of ≤206 μg/g (<200 ± 3%) supported the diagnosis of EPI. All patients were well characterized (including echocardiography and biomarkers); in 36 patients, invasive hemodynamics were measured. Cardiac cachexia was defined as non‐edematous weight loss >5% in at least six months. Malnutrition was assessed by the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ). Comparisons were made between patients with and without EPI.ResultsWe enrolled 60 consecutive patients; mean age was 60 ± 10 years, 25 (42%) were women, mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 29 ± 14% and median N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) was 3926 [2126–6645] pg/mL. Six patients (10%) had EPI. They had a lower body weight (61.7 versus 83.0 kg; p = 0.003) and lower BMI (22.3 ± 3.3 versus 26.9 ± 4.5 kg/m2, p = 0.02), but functional class, LVEF and NT‐proBNP were similar (p = 0.53, p = 0.78 and p = 0.97, respectively). Patients with EPI had a higher SNAQ‐score, indicating (more symptoms of) malnutrition (1 [0–3] versus 3 [2–4], p = 0.045). Cardiac cachexia was present in three (50%) of the patients with EPI (versus 26% in patients without EPI, p = 0.35). Patients with EPI exhibited lower serum lipase than patients without EPI (23 [14–25] U/L versus 39 [26–71] U/L, p = 0.003). The aetiology of HF was different between groups (p = 0.016); patients with congenital heart disease appeared to be more often affected by EPI (p = 0.07).ConclusionsEPI is present in a significant proportion of patients with HF but is not associated with conventional HF parameters. Patients with HF and EPI are characterized by lower body weight and BMI, malnutrition and lower plasma lipase. Since EPI is treatable, these findings may have clinical and therapeutic consequences in patients with HF.