bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Needle Steering Using Automated Breast Volume Scanner (ABVS)
Authors: Abayazid Momen , Moreira Pedro , Shahriari Navid , Zompas Anastasios , Misra Sarthak 
Published: April 2016

Robot-assisted and ultrasound-guided needle insertion systems assist in achieving high targeting accuracy for different applications. In this paper, we introduce the use of Automated Breast Volume Scanner (ABVS) for scanning different soft tissue phantoms. The ABVS is a commercial ultrasound transducer used for clinical breast scanning. A preoperative scan is performed for three-dimensional (3D) target localization and shape reconstruction. The ultrasound transducer is also adapted to be used for tracking the needle tip during steering toward the localized targets. The system uses the tracked needle tip position as a feedback to the needle control algorithm. The bevel-tipped flexible needle is steered under ABVS guidance toward a target while avoiding an obstacle embedded in soft tissue phantom. We present experimental results for 3D reconstruction of different convex and non-convex objects with different sizes. Mean Absolute Distance (MAD) and Dice’s coefficient methods are used to evaluate the 3D shape reconstruction algorithm. The results show that the mean MAD values are 0.30[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.13[Formula: see text]mm and 0.34[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.17[Formula: see text]mm for convex and non-convex shapes, respectively, while mean Dice values are 0.87[Formula: see text]0.06 (convex) and 0.85[Formula: see text]0.06 (non-convex). Three experimental cases are performed to validate the steering system. Mean targeting errors of 0.54[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.24, 1.50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.82 and 1.82[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]0.40[Formula: see text]mm are obtained for steering in gelatin phantom, biological tissue and a human breast phantom, respectively. The achieved targeting errors suggest that our approach is sufficient for targeting lesions of 3[Formula: see text]mm radius that can be detected using clinical ultrasound imaging systems.
Lifting Up the HAT: Synthetic Lethal Screening Reveals a Novel Vulnerability at the CBP–p300 Axis
Authors: Kadoch Cigall 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Summary: Cancer genotype–specific synthetic lethal vulnerabilities represent promising therapeutic targets. In this issue of Cancer Discovery, Ogiwara and colleagues uncover a synthetic lethal relationship between two histone acetyl transferase paralogs, CBP and p300, highlighting that cancer cells deficient in CBP are uniquely sensitized to genetic and chemical inhibition of p300. Cancer Discov; 6(4); 350–2. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Ogiwara et al., p. 430.
Análise das legendas de efeitos sonoros do filme Nosso Lar
Authors: Do Nascimento Ana Katarinna Pessoa 
Published: April 2016

O universo sonoro de um filme é composto pela fala, música e ruídos, também chamados de efeitos sonoros. Sem a tradução para legenda, o espectador surdo ou ensurdecido não tem acesso a esses aspectos das produções audiovisuais, por isso, a legenda para surdos e ensurdecidos (LSE) precisa indicar o falante e os efeitos sonoros. Esta pesquisa buscou analisar a tradução dos efeitos sonoros do filme Nosso Lar (2010). Para tanto, os efeitos sonoros foram anotados a partir de etiquetas discursivas. Os dados revelaram que os efeitos sonoros foram traduzidos sem preocupação com a significação fílmica, já que muitas legendas traduziram os efeitos sonoros de forma aleatória sem se atentar para sua importância ou evolução dentro do filme. Para que o surdo faça a ligação entre enredo e a significação do som, é preciso que o legendista leve em conta que os efeitos sonoros acontecem numa sequência.
Genetic diversity of Bursaphelenchus cocophilus in South America
Authors: Silva Arinaldo P. , Parra Pedro P. , Campos Vicente P. , Costa Sara S. , Vicente Cláudia S.L. , Ferreira Letícia G. , Souza Ricardo M. , Mota Manuel 
Published: April 2016

Molecular characterisation ofBursaphelenchus cocophilus, the causal agent of ‘red ring disease’, is imperative for efficient identification procedures in Brazil and Colombia, because quarantine species such asB. xylophilusandB. mucronatusare already listed in both countries. ITS-1/2 region and D2-D3 segment of LSU rDNA were used to characterise isolates ofB. cocophilusobtained from coconut plantations in Brazil and Colombia. Results from ITS-1/2 and LSU rDNA regions showed that all isolates ofB. cocophilusfrom Brazil and Colombia formed a monophyletic group. The LSU rDNA region indicated that all isolates formed a single monophyletic group with high Bayesian posterior probability (100%). This is the first study on ITS-1/2 for the characterisation ofB. cocophiluspopulations. A species-specific primer was designed for identification ofB. cocophilus.
A Method of Aggregating Heterogeneous Subgrid Land-Cover Input Data for Multiscale Urban Parameterization
Authors: Shaffer Stephen R. , Moustaoui Mohamed , Mahalov Alex , Ruddell Benjamin L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA method of representing grid-scale heterogeneous development density for urban climate models from probability density functions of subgrid-resolution observed data is proposed. Derived values are evaluated in relation to normalized Shannon entropy to provide guidance in assessing model input data. Urban fraction for dominant-class and mosaic urban contributions is estimated by combining analysis of 30-m-resolution National Land Cover Database 2006 data products for continuous impervious surface area and categorical land cover. The aim of the method is to reduce model error through improvement of urban parameterization and representation of observations employed as input data. The multiscale variation of parameter values is demonstrated for several methods of utilizing input. This approach provides multiscale and spatial guidance for determining where parameterization schemes may be misrepresenting heterogeneity of input data, along with motivation for employing mosaic techniques that are based upon assessment of input data. The proposed method has wider potential for geographic application and complements data products that focus on characterizing central business districts. It utilizes observations to obtain a parameterization of urban fraction that is dependent upon resolution and class-partition scheme, thus providing one means of influencing simulation prediction at various aggregated grid scales.
The Climatology, Meteorology, and Boundary Layer Structure of Marine Cold Air Outbreaks in Both Hemispheres*
Authors: Fletcher Jennifer , Mason Shannon , Jakob Christian 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A comparison of marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs) in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres is presented, with attention to their seasonality, frequency of occurrence, and strength as measured by a cold air outbreak index. When considered on a gridpoint-by-gridpoint basis, MCAOs are more severe and more frequent in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) than the Southern Hemisphere (SH) in winter. However, when MCAOs are viewed as individual events regardless of horizontal extent, they occur more frequently in the SH. This is fundamentally because NH MCAOs are larger and stronger than those in the SH. MCAOs occur throughout the year, but in warm seasons and in the SH they are smaller and weaker than in cold seasons and in the NH. In both hemispheres, strong MCAOs occupy the cold air sector of midlatitude cyclones, which generally appear to be in their growth phase. Weak MCAOs in the SH occur under generally zonal flow with a slight northward component associated with weak zonal pressure gradients, while weak NH MCAOs occur under such a wide range of conditions that no characteristic synoptic pattern emerges from compositing. Strong boundary layer deepening, warming, and moistening occur as a result of the surface heat fluxes within MCAOs.
Comparison of Meteorological Radar Signal Detectability with Noncoherent and Spectral-Based Processing
Authors: Mead James B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDetection of meteorological radar signals is often carried out using power averaging with noise subtraction either in the time domain or the spectral domain. This paper considers the relative signal processing gain of these two methods, showing a clear advantage for spectral-domain processing when normalized spectral width is less than ~0.1. A simple expression for the optimal discrete Fourier transform (DFT) length to maximize signal processing gain is presented that depends only on the normalized spectral width and the time-domain weighting function. The relative signal processing gain between noncoherent power averaging and spectral processing is found to depend on a variety of parameters, including the radar wavelength, spectral width, available observation time, and the false alarm rate. Expressions presented for the probability of detection for noncoherent and spectral-based processing also depend on these same parameters. Results of this analysis show that DFT-based processing can provide a substantial advantage in signal processing gain and probability of detection, especially when the normalized spectral width is small and when a large number of samples are available. Noncoherent power estimation can provide superior probability of detection when the normalized spectral width is greater than ~0.1, especially when the desired false alarm rate exceeds 10%.
Improvements in Detection of Light Precipitation with the Global Precipitation Measurement Dual-Frequency Precipitation Radar (GPM DPR)
Authors: Hamada Atsushi , Takayabu Yukari N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper demonstrates the impact of the enhancement in detectability by the dual-frequency precipitation radar (DPR) on board the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) core observatory. By setting two minimum detectable reflectivities—12 and 18 dBZ—artificially to 6 months of GPM DPR measurements, the precipitation occurrence and volume increase by ~21.1% and ~1.9%, respectively, between 40°S and 40°N.GPM DPR is found to be able to detect light precipitation, which mainly consists of two distinct types. One type is shallow precipitation, which is most significant for convective precipitation over eastern parts of subtropical oceans, where deep convection is typically suppressed. The other type is probably associated with lower parts of anvil clouds associated with organized precipitation systems.While these echoes have lower reflectivities than the official value of the minimum detectable reflectivity, they are found to mostly consist of true precipitation signals, suggesting that the official value may be too conservative for some sort of meteorological analyses. These results are expected to further the understanding of both global energy and water budgets and the diabatic heating distribution.
Mutanalyst, an online tool for assessing the mutational spectrum of epPCR libraries with poor sampling
Authors: Ferla Matteo Paolo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
Assessing library diversity is an important control step in a directed evolution experiment. To do this, a limited amount of colonies from a test library are sequenced and tested. In the case of an error-prone PCR library, the spectrum of the identified mutations — the proportions of mutations of a specific nucleobase to another— is calculated enabling the user to make more informed predictions on library diversity and coverage. However, the calculations of the mutational spectrum are severely affected by the limited sample sizes.

Results
Here an online program, called Mutanalyst, is presented, which not only automates the calculations, but also estimates errors involved. Specifically, the errors are calculated thanks to the complementarity of DNA, which means that a mutation has a complementary mutation on the other sequence. Additionally, in the case of determining the mean number of mutations per sequence it does so by fitting to a Poisson distribution, which is more robust than calculating the average in light of the small sampling size.

Conclusion
As a result of the added measures to keep into account of small sample size the user can better assess whether the library is satisfactory or whether error-prone PCR conditions should be adjusted. The program is available at www.mutanalyst.com.
SoftPanel: a website for grouping diseases and related disorders for generation of customized panels
Authors: Wang Likun , Zhang Cong , Watkins Johnathan , Jin Yan , McNutt Michael , Yin Yuxin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
Targeted next-generation sequencing is playing an increasingly important role in biological research and clinical diagnosis by allowing researchers to sequence high priority genes at much higher depths and at a fraction of the cost of whole genome or exome sequencing. However, in designing the panel of genes to be sequenced, investigators need to consider the tradeoff between the better sensitivity of a broad panel and the higher specificity of a potentially more relevant panel. Although tools to prioritize candidate disease genes have been developed, the great majority of these require prior knowledge and a set of seed genes as input, which is only possible for diseases with a known genetic etiology.

Results
To meet the demands of both researchers and clinicians, we have developed a user-friendly website called SoftPanel. This website is intended to serve users by allowing them to input a single disorder or a disorder group and generate a panel of genes predicted to underlie the disorder of interest. Various methods of retrieval including a keyword search, browsing of an arborized list of International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) codes or using disorder phenotypic similarities can be combined to define a group of disorders and the genes known to be associated with them. Moreover, SoftPanel enables users to expand or refine a gene list by utilizing several biological data resources. In addition to providing users with the facility to create a “hard” panel that contains an exact gene list for targeted sequencing, SoftPanel also enables generation of a “soft” panel of genes, which may be used to further filter a significantly altered set of genes identified through whole genome or whole exome sequencing. The service and data provided by SoftPanel can be accessed at http://www.isb.pku.edu.cn/SoftPanel/. A tutorial page is included for trying out sample data and interpreting results.

Conclusion
SoftPanel provides a convenient and powerful tool for creating a targeted panel of potential disease genes while supporting different forms of input. SoftPanel may be utilized in both genomics research and personalized medicine.
SAR reduction in the modelled human head for the mobile phone using different material shields
Authors: Dutta Prabir Kumar , Jayasree Pappu Vankata Yasoda , Baba Viriyala Satya Surya Narayana Srini 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEvery mobile phone emits radio frequency electromagnetic energy. The amount of this energy absorbed by the human head is measured by the specific absorption rate (SAR). There are standard limits, according to which phones sold should be below certain SAR level. To maintain these limits, shields can be used for the mobile phones. In this paper using ANSYS HFSS, modelling of the human head is done. The modern mobile phone design is used for simulation. SAR distribution is measured for different layers of the head due to exposure to radiation from the mobile phone operating at GSM-1800 frequency band. The performance of the mobile phone antenna due to different shields is observed. Proper shielding material properties are found.
Kisspeptin Expression in the Human Infundibular Nucleus in Relation to Sex, Gender Identity, and Sexual Orientation
Authors: Taziaux Melanie , Staphorsius Annemieke S. , Ghatei Mohammad A. , Bloom Stephen R. , Swaab Dick F. , Bakker Julie 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Context:
Since the discovery of its central role in reproduction, our functional neuroanatomical knowledge of the hypothalamic kisspeptin system is predominantly based on animal studies. Although sex differences in kisspeptin expression have been shown in humans in adulthood, the developmental origin of this sex difference is unknown.

Objectives:
Our objectives were to determine the following: 1) when during development the sex difference in kisspeptin expression in the infundibular nucleus would emerge and 2) whether this sex difference is related to sexual orientation or transsexuality.

Design and Setting:
Postmortem hypothalamic tissues were collected by The Netherlands Brain Bank, and sections were stained for kisspeptin by immunohistochemistry.

Patients:
Hypothalami of 43 control subjects were categorized into three periods: infant/prepubertal (six girls, seven boys), adult (11 women, seven men), and elderly (six aged women, six aged men). Eight male-to-female (MTF) transsexuals, three HIV+ heterosexual men, and five HIV+ homosexual men were also analyzed.

Main Outcome Measure:
We estimated the total number of kisspeptin-immunoreactive neurons within the infundibular nucleus.

Results:
Quantitative analysis confirmed that the human infundibular kisspeptin system exhibits a female-dominant sex difference. The number of kisspeptin neurons is significantly greater in the infant/prepubertal and elderly periods compared with the adult period. Finally, in MTF transsexuals, but not homosexual men, a female-typical kisspeptin expression was observed.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that infundibular kisspeptin neurons are sensitive to circulating sex steroid hormones throughout life and that the sex reversal observed in MTF transsexuals might reflect, at least partially, an atypical brain sexual differentiation.
TSH/IGF-1 Receptor Cross Talk in Graves' Ophthalmopathy Pathogenesis
Authors: Krieger Christine C. , Place Robert F. , Bevilacqua Carmine , Marcus-Samuels Bernice , Abel Brent S. , Skarulis Monica C. , Kahaly George J. , Neumann Susanne , Gershengorn Marvin C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractContext:The TSH receptor (TSHR) is considered the main target of stimulatory autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO); however, it has been suggested that stimulatory IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) autoantibodies also play a role.Objective:We previously demonstrated that a monoclonal stimulatory TSHR antibody, M22, activates TSHR/IGF-1R cross talk in orbital fibroblasts/preadipocytes obtained from patients with GO (GO fibroblasts [GOFs]). We show that cross talk between TSHR and IGF-1R, not direct IGF-1R activation, is involved in the mediation of GO pathogenesis stimulated by Graves' autoantibodies.Design/Setting/Participants:Immunoglobulins were purified from the sera of 57 GO patients (GO-Igs) and tested for their ability to activate TSHR and/or IGF-1R directly and TSHR/IGF-1R cross talk in primary cultures of GOFs. Cells were treated with M22 or GO-Igs with or without IGF-1R inhibitory antibodies or linsitinib, an IGF-1R kinase inhibitor.Main Outcome Measures:Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid [HA]) secretion was measured as a major biological response for GOF stimulation. IGF-1R autophosphorylation was used as a measure of direct IGF-1R activation. TSHR activation was determined through cAMP production.Results:A total of 42 out of 57 GO-Ig samples stimulated HA secretion. None of the GO-Ig samples exhibited evidence for IGF-1R autophosphorylation. Both anti-IGF-1R antibodies completely inhibited IGF-1 stimulation of HA secretion. By contrast, only 1 IGF-1R antibody partially blocked HA secretion stimulated by M22 or GO-Igs in a manner similar to linsitinib, whereas the other IGF-1R antibody had no effect on M22 or GO-Ig stimulation. These findings show that the IGF-1R is involved in GO-Igs stimulation of HA secretion without direct activation of IGF-1R.Conclusions:IGF-1R activation by GO-Igs occurs via TSHR/IGF-1R cross talk rather than direct binding to IGF-1R, and this cross talk is important in the pathogenesis of GO.
ON THE ROLE OF MARKETING IN STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT
Authors: Резник Галина , Ryeznik Galina 
Published: April 2016

The article reveals the role of marketing in strategic management.
The reasons for the sharp growth in the value of strategic
planning and management. Discusses approaches of foreign and
domestic scientists to reveal the nature of strategic management.
Presents the most common problems of practical implementation
of strategic management systems in domestic practical management.
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GOAL-SETTING PROCESSES FORMALIZATION IN APPLIED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Рождественская Софья , Rozhdestvenskaya Sofya , Клочков Владислав , Klochkov Vladislav 
Published: April 2016

Authors prove the necessity of strengthening the formalization
of goal-setting in applied science for ensuring consistency
of the goals of applied research with the strategic goals of the state.
The simplified model is constructed to estimate the acceptable
portion of work time that can be devoted to the formalized procedures
of selection of priority targets for research.
Understanding post-herpetic neuralgia in older people
Authors: Perry Margaret 
Published: April 2016

Post-herpetic neuralgia is an unpleasant complication of shingles, that predominantly affects older people. Margaret Perry discusses the prevalence, risk factors and managment of this challenging condition Shingles, or herpes zoster, will affect 10–20% of the population at some point in their life. Post-herpetic neuralgia is a complication of shingles that is more common in older people. Post-herpetic neuralgia results in persisting pain which may continue for months or even years after the shingles rash has resolved. The pathophysiology of this condition is not well understood. Risk factors for developing post-herpetic neuralgia include the site of the shingles rash and age. The management of post-herpetic neuralgia can be difficult and the risk of interaction with other medications must be considered, particularly in older people. Vaccination can reduce the risk of shingles and the incidence of complications.
The Laguerre Collocation Method for Third Kind Integral Equations
on Unbounded Domains
Authors: Ghoreishi Farideh , Farahbakhsh-Tooli Elena 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to approximate the solution of a class of
integral equations of the third kind on an unbounded domain. For
computing such approximation, the collocation method based on the
generalized Laguerre abscissas is considered. In this method, the
unknown function is interpolated at the nodal points

{

t
i

}

i
=
1

n
+
1

${\lbrace t_i\rbrace _{i=1}^{n+1}}$

, where

{

t
i

}

i
=
1

n

${\lbrace t_i\rbrace _{i=1}^{n}}$

are the zeros of
generalized Laguerre polynomials and

t

n
+
1

=
4
n

${t_{n+1}=4n}$

. Then, the given
equation is transformed to the Fredholm integral equation of the
second kind. In the sequel, according to the integration interval,
we apply the Gauss–Laguerre collocation method on the interval

[
0
,
∞
)

${[0,\infty )}$

by using the given nodal points. Therefore, the
solution of the third kind integral equation is reduced to the
solution of a system of linear equations. Convergence analysis of
the method in some Sobolev-type space is studied. Illustrative
examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability
of the technique.
Crystal structure of N-phenyl-2-(pyridin-4-ylcarbonyl)hydrazinecarboxamide with Z′ = 4, C13H12N4O2
Authors: Pansuriya Pramod B. , Patel Chintan , Friedrich Holger B. , Maguire Glenn E. M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
C13H12N4O2, orthorhombic, Pbca (no. 61), a = 16.2353(11) Å, b = 16.8474(12) Å, c = 36.028(2) Å, V = 9854.5(11) Å3, Z = 32, R
gt
(F) = 0.0903, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1773, T = 163 K.
Crystal structure of 4-(pyridin-4-ylmethylsulfonyl)pyridine, C11H10N2O2S
Authors: Liu Rui-Heng , Qin Zhao-Xian , Guo Hui 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
C11H10N2O2S, monoclinic, Pc (no. 7), a = 12.0784(4) Å, b = 5.3304(2) Å, c = 8.9370(3) Å, β = 108.263(2)°, V = 546.40(3) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0303, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0782, T = 296 K.