bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remarks on designs enriching for placebo non-responders
Authors: Rosenkranz Gerd K 
Published: January 2016

Background: High response under placebo constitutes a concern in clinical studies, particularly in psychiatry. Discontinuation of placebo responders identified during a placebo run-in is often recommended to avoid failures of clinical trials in the presence of high placebo effects. Evidence for the benefit of this approach is ambiguous. Purpose: We investigate under which conditions a placebo lead-in can be beneficial in the context of continuous data, assuming that the data in the placebo run-in and the treatment stage follow a bivariate normal distribution. Placebo responders are defined as patients with an effect during placebo lead-in which is larger than a pre-defined threshold on the absolute value or the absolute or relative change from baseline or a combination thereof. Results: Data are less variable under either placebo or test treatment after placebo responders have been removed. Whether the effect of test over placebo increases or decreases after enrichment for placebo non-responders depends on the parameters of the distribution, in particular the covariance structure, and the threshold in the definition of placebo responders. Limitations: The results apply in the continuous case, and the binary or ordinary case is not studied. The findings explain to some extent the ambiguity in the assessments of the usefulness of placebo lead-in periods in clinical trials; however, besides the clear statement on variability reduction, it is not straightforward to judge upfront whether placebo lead-in is useful. Concerns relating to the conduct and interpretation of results of such trials are mentioned.
Combined two foot flaps with iliac bone graft for reconstruction of the thumb
Authors: Zhang G. , Ju J. , Li L. , Jin G. , Li X. , Hou R. 
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this report was to retrospectively review the results of reconstruction of the thumb by use of combined two foot flaps with an iliac bone graft. From 2009 to 2014, nine patients with traumatic amputation of the thumb had their thumbs reconstructed. The two flaps were based on one pedicle. All flaps survived completely. Patients were followed for a mean of 15.6 months (range, 6–35 months). The appearance of the reconstructed thumb was comparable to a normal one, except for one thumb which required debulking. The appearance of the nail was satisfactory without deformity. The range of joint motion was satisfactory. The two point discrimination of the pulp ranged from 6 mm to >15 mm. The Michigan Hand Questionnaire outcome score was a mean of 76.2 ± 11.3 points and the Maryland foot rating score a mean of 94.8 ± 3.4 points. The combined two foot flaps with iliac bone graft might provide an option for the reconstruction of the thumb. Level of evidence: III
The Effects of Spatial Enclosure on Social Interaction Between Older Adults With Dementia and Young Children
Authors: Cerruti Minyoung S. , Shepley Mardelle M. 
Published: January 2016

Objective: To examine the impact of spatial enclosures on social interaction between older adults with early stage dementia and young children. Background: Intergenerational interaction through meaningful activities can promote positive affects and behaviors of children and older adults. The development of social interaction is closely related to the physical environment in association with personal competence of older adults with dementia and young children. However, minimal attention has been given to the role of physical environment in influencing intergenerational interaction. Methods: A quasi-experiment examined the functional relationship between the amount of spatial enclosure and the types of social behaviors of older adults with dementia and young children. Semi-structured interviews, aided by a photographic simulation, were developed to explore the participants’ perceptions of and experiences with the different degrees of spatial enclosure. Results: Findings showed that the semienclosed spatial plan impacted both prosocial and antisocial behaviors of older adults with dementia in their interactions with young children. This apparent discrepancy was associated with two conflicting perceptions: a sense of openness and the lack of control due to distraction created by the loose visual boundary. There was no correlation between the elder-child neutral behaviors and the degrees of spatial enclosure. Conclusion: This study suggests that spaces with moderate openness without visual and acoustic distraction are the most desirable to promote prosocial behaviors of older adults with dementia and young children. Additionally, elder-child prosocial behaviors were likely facilitated by specific design features such as adequate personal space, the perception of openness, and possible spaces that provide both prospect and refuge in relation to spatial enclosure.
Complete genome sequence of the potato pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum UY031
Authors: Guarischi-Sousa Rodrigo , Puigvert Marina , Coll Núria S. , Siri María Inés , Pianzzola María Julia , Valls Marc , Setubal João C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRalstonia solanacearum is the causative agent of bacterial wilt of potato. Ralstonia solanacearum strain UY031 belongs to the American phylotype IIB, sequevar 1, also classified as race 3 biovar 2. Here we report the completely sequenced genome of this strain, the first complete genome for phylotype IIB, sequevar 1, and the fourth for the R. solanacearum species complex. In addition to standard genome annotation, we have carried out a curated annotation of type III effector genes, an important pathogenicity-related class of genes for this organism. We identified 60 effector genes, and observed that this effector repertoire is distinct when compared to those from other phylotype IIB strains. Eleven of the effectors appear to be nonfunctional due to disruptive mutations. We also report a methylome analysis of this genome, the first for a R. solanacearum strain. This analysis helped us note the presence of a toxin gene within a region of probable phage origin, raising the hypothesis that this gene may play a role in this strain’s virulence.
Multiphoton imaging of myogenic differentiation in gelatin-based hydrogels as tissue engineering scaffolds
Authors: Kim Min Jeong , Shin Yong Cheol , Lee Jong Ho , Jun Seung Won , Kim Chang-Seok , Lee Yunki , Park Jong-Chul , Lee Soo-Hong , Park Ki Dong , Han Dong-Wook 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background
Hydrogels can serve as three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds for cell culture and be readily injected into the body. Recent advances in the image technology for 3D scaffolds like hydrogels have attracted considerable attention to overcome the drawbacks of ordinary imaging technologies such as optical and fluorescence microscopy. Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is an effective method based on the excitation of two-photons. In the present study, C2C12 myoblasts differentiated in 3D gelatin hydroxyphenylpropionic acid (GHPA) hydrogels were imaged by using a custom-built multiphoton excitation fluorescence microscopy to compare the difference in the imaging capacity between conventional microscopy and MPM.

Results
The physicochemical properties of GHPA hydrogels were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. In addition, the cell viability and proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts cultured in the GHPA hydrogels were analyzed by using Live/Dead Cell and CCK-8 assays, respectively. It was found that C2C12 cells were well grown and normally proliferated in the hydrogels. Furthermore, the hydrogels were shown to be suitable to facilitate the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells incubated in differentiation media, which had been corroborated by MPM. It was very hard to get clear images from a fluorescence microscope.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the gelatin-based hydrogels can be beneficially utilized as 3D scaffolds for skeletal muscle engineering and that MPM can be effectively applied to imaging technology for tissue regeneration.
Synthesis of Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer Using Heterobifunctional Linkers, Connected by a Photodegradable N-(2-Nitrobenzyl)imide Structure and Available for Two Different Click Chemistries
Authors: Yamamoto Shota , Tochigi Hidemi , Yamazaki Shuya , Nakahama Seiichi , Yamaguchi Kazuo 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Two photodegradable heterobifunctional linkers (PHBL) connected by a N-(2-nitrobenzyl)imide structure have been developed as tools to obtain photodegradable diblock copolymers with precisely controlled molecular weight. They can undergo two different click reactions, i.e., Huisgen cycloaddition and Michael addition. One linker has an alkyne moiety and maleimide protected as adduct with furan. Reaction of azido-terminated polystyrene (PS), poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) or poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with this PHBL followed by deprotection affords the corresponding maleimide-terminated polymer, which was coupled with thiol-terminated PEG or poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) to synthesize PS-b-PHBL-b-PEG, PCL-b-PHBL-b-PEG, and PEG-b-PHBL-b-PNIPAM. The other linker has maleimide and an alkyne protected by a trimethylsilyl group. This affords diblock copolymers by the reverse route, i.e., maleimide reacts with thiol-terminated PS to obtain a product by Michael addition, and then after deprotection, Huisgen cycloaddition of the generated alkyne- and azido-terminated PEG affords PEG-b-PHBL-b-PS. The resulting photosensitive diblock copolymers were characterized by UV spectroscopy in solution before and after photoirradiation. The energy needed for photolysis of the diblock copolymers in solution ranged from 12 to 17 J cm−2, and was independent of polymer type and molecular weight.
A ADMINISTRAÇÃO COMO UMA CIÊNCIA SOCIAL APLICADA: INTEGRANDO CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E SOCIEDADE NO ENSINO DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO
Authors: Lemos Dannyela Da Cunha , Bazzo Walter Antonio 
Published: January 2016

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar as possibilidades da abordagem dos estudos sobre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade (CTS) para o ensino da administração. Tal proposta enfatiza o alcance do perfil de egresso que possa atender as expectativas da sociedade e, sobretudo manter-se crítico em relação à estas. Trata-se de um ensaio teórico que está organizado em seis seções. Após uma breve introdução discutem-se os fundamentos da epistemologia da administração, apresentando-se as principais correntes de base do pensamento científico e suas relações com a ciência da administração. Em seguida relacionam-se os elementos históricos e a evolução do ensino de administração no Brasil. Na sequência apresentam-se as proposições dos estudos de CTS, partindo-se de seu contexto de formação, pressupostos e abordagens. A partir daí são discutidas as possibilidades dos estudos CTS no ensino da administração no Brasil e por fim são tecidas as considerações finais.
A percepção econômico-financeira do microempreendedor individual em Goiás
Authors: Fernandes Silva Maira Jessika , Ferreira da Cunha Moises , Nascimento Iara Renielly , Araújo Machado Camila 
Published: January 2016

Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar a percepção do Microempreendedor Individual Goiano acerca das possíveis alterações em seus indicadores de desempenho econômico-financeiros decorrentes da sua formalização. A amostra utilizada foi um questionário aplicado para os Microempreendedores que procuraram o SEBRAE – Goias, em Goiânia, entre março e maio de 2013. Foram obtidos 109 questionários válidos. Os dados foram analisados através de técnicas que investigam as relações de interdependência entre variáveis, neste caso, Análise de Correspondência e Homogeneidade. Com base nessas análises, notou-se que os Microempreendedores Individuais do Estado de Goiás perceberam melhoras em seus indicadores econômico-financeiros após sua formalização. Palavras-chave: Microempreendedor Individual; Formalização; Indicadores econômico-financeiros.
The Mandorla and the Discipline of Authentic Movement
Authors: Adler Janet 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Created by two separate circles joining by overlapping each other, forming the shape of an eye, the mandorla is remarkably evident in the imagery of various mystical traditions. Looking into the mandorla is one way of perceiving the wholeness of embodied witness consciousness, which can be understood as the development of the inner witness, the heart, the innermost gem of the Discipline of Authentic Movement. Such a journey begins with the mover in the presence of an outer witness and strengthens, clarifies, becomes compassion within the evolving roles of a moving witness, a silent witness, a speaking witness, an integral witness and an empty mover – empty witness. In the drawings in this essay, it can be seen how the seed of witness consciousness ripens as the commitment to enter each role matures, growing the mandorla larger and larger until it disappears into only one bright and clear empty circle. This non-linear progression can be understood through the inner journey of a mover becoming conscious, becoming whole and simultaneously through the journey of the mover and the outer witness, their relationship becoming conscious, becoming whole.
Influência da época de colheita no teor de sólidos solúveis em frutos de minitomate
Authors: Maciel Gabriel Mascarenhas , Fernandes Marco Aurélio Rocha , Hillebrand Vanessa , Azevedo Breno Nunes Rodrigues de 
Published: January 2016

Existem poucas informações publicadas sobre o efeito da época de colheita no teor de sólidos solúveis - SS (°Brix) de frutos de minitomate. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi comparar o teor de sólidos solúveis de híbridos de minitomate, portadores do hábito de crescimento determinado versus indeterminado em função da época de colheita. O experimento foi realizado em estufa agrícola, com seis tratamentos: Mascot (hábito de crescimento indeterminado), TSV918 (hábito de crescimento indeterminado), TSV912 (hábito de crescimento indeterminado), TSV678 (hábito de crescimento indeterminado), TSV1278 (hábito de crescimento determinado), TSV910 (hábito de crescimento determinado). Foram realizadas três colheitas em época distintas (90, 120 e 150 dias após o semeio - DAS) formando um fatorial 6 x 3. Durante as duas primeiras épocas de colheita (90 e 120 DAS) obteve-se os melhores teores de SS. Houve diferença significativa para os frutos coletados no ciclo final das plantas (150 DAS). O teor de sólidos solúveis variou durante as colheitas (90, 120 e 150 DAS), sendo inferior na última colheita (150 DAS). O hábito de crescimento influenciou o teor de SS apenas no início da colheita (90 DAS).
Periodic perturbations of Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Fonda Alessandro , Garrione Maurizio , Gidoni Paolo 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We prove existence and multiplicity results for periodic solutions of Hamiltonian systems, by the use of a higher dimensional version of the Poincaré–Birkhoff fixed point theorem. The first part of the paper deals with periodic perturbations of a completely integrable system, while in the second part we focus on some suitable global conditions, so to deal with weakly coupled systems.
Fuzzy TOPSIS Approach in Selection of Optimal Noise Barrier for Traffic Noise Abatement
Authors: Garg Naveen ,   Vishesh, Maji Sagar 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The paper presents a retrospective study for selection of noise barrier for road traffic noise abatement. The work proposes the application of Fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution) approach is selection of optimal road traffic noise barrier. The present work utilizes the fuzzy TOPSIS model proposed by Mahdavi et al. (2008) in determination of ranking order of various types of noise barriers with respect to the various criteria considered. It is suggested that application of this approach can be very helpful in selection and application of optimal noise barrier for road traffic noise abatement.
EtCO2-Based Biofeedback Method of Breath Regulation Increases Speech Fluency of Stuttering People
Authors: Stankiewicz Barbara , Zieliński Krzysztof , Darowski Marek , Michnikowski Marcin 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Respiratory disturbances frequently accompany stuttering. Their influence on lung ventilation can be assessed by measurement of the end-tidal CO2 concentration (EtCO2). The effectiveness of the CO2-based visual feedback method of breath regulation (VF) designed for stuttering therapy was tested in this study. The aim of the study was to answer the question if the VF helps to reduce respiratory disturbances in stuttering and increase speech fluency. 20 stuttering volunteers aged 13-45 years took part in the 3-parts test consisting of: 1. speaking without any techniques improving speech fluency, 2. learning the VF method, 3. VF-assisted speaking. The CO2/time signal and an acoustic signal of an utterance were recorded during the test. Significant increase of FE - the factor of breath ergonomics during speaking (based on both signals), from 47% to 71% (P < 0.01), and significant decrease of %SS - the percent of syllables stuttered, from 14% to 10% (P < 0.01) were received for VF-assisted utterances compared to the utterances without VF assistance. The results indicate that the VF can help to eliminate respiratory disturbances in stuttering and increase speech fluency.
Nonlinear Properties of the Gotland Deep – Baltic Sea
Authors: Grelowska Grażyna , Kozaczka Eugeniusz 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe properties of the nonlinear phenomenon in water, including sea water, have been well known for many decades. The feature of the non homogeneous distribution of the speed of sound along the depth of the sea is very interesting from the physical and technical point of view. It is important especially in the observation of underwater area by means of acoustical method (Grelowska et al., 2013; 2014). The observation of the underwater space has been carried out for more than hundred years. In the second half of the twentieth century we observed very intense trend of development of the measuring methods of underwater sound speed. It was done mainly in the linear sound propagation aspect. At the end of 20th century nonlinear devices were invented. Thus, from this point of view, knowledge on the nonlinear properties of the sea water is the matter of interest. The phenomenon of nonlinear distortion of elastic waves, and the same the efficiency of nonlinear transfer of energy from the primary wave to the higher harmonic components depend on properties of the medium, especially on the material constant known as the nonlinearity parameter B/A. The Baltic Sea is a specific reservoir with untypically low salinity and low depth (Grelowska, 2000). In the paper results of investigation of nonlinear properties of the South and the Central Baltic by means of thermodynamic method are presented.
Multilingualism and Education in Transylvania
Authors: Benő Attila 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The topic of this paper is the situation of language skills and a determining factor of it in minority context: languages of instruction in Transylvania. Presenting the socio-demographic context and the status of languages as they are manifested in language skills. Language skills are presented referring to mother tongue skills, second and foreign language competence. The paper emphasizes that the connection between schooling, education, and language usage is evident in the case of minority languages since the instruction in minority languages is a key factor for the maintenance of the language. The empirical data used in the paper come from several sources, most important of them being a sociolinguistic survey in a representative sample of Hungarians in Transylvania carried out by The Romanian Institute for Research on National Minorities (Cluj/Kolozsvár) in 2009.
Stand und Perspektiven der ViFaMusik im Rahmen des neuen Fachinformationsdienstes Musikwissenschaft
Authors: Diet Jürgen 
Published: January 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Vor knapp zehn Jahren, im Sommer 2006, wurde die erste Version der Virtuellen Fachbibliothek Musikwissenschaft (ViFaMusik) unter der Web-Adresse www.vifamusik.de freigeschaltet. Seither wurde dieses Fachportal, das einen zentralen Zugang zu musikwissenschaftlicher Fachinformation bietet, kontinuierlich ausgebaut und weiterentwickelt. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet zunächst die Organisation und Finanzierung des ViFaMusik-Projektes, stellt dann die aktuellen Angebote der ViFaMusik vor und gibt zum Schluss einen Ausblick auf die Ausbaupläne der ViFaMusik.
Simulation and optimization of groundwater exploitation for the water supply of Tarnów agglomeration (southern Poland)
Authors: Treichel Wiktor , Haładus Andrzej , Zdechlik Robert 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper presents the application of the simulation-optimization approach to optimize groundwater intake for the water supply of Tarnów agglomeration (southern Poland). Tarnów agglomeration is supplied with water from extensively exploited surface and groundwater intakes located at the confluence of the rivers Dunajec and Biała. Groundwater intakes capture water from the Quaternary aquifer, which is recharged by rainfall and direct infiltration from the rivers and irrigation ditches. Hydrogeological conditions occurring within the area under consideration were mapped by using a single-layer numerical model in Processing Modflow software. After calibrating the simulation model, a simulation-optimization approach was developed with the aim of aiding the process of searching for the best scheme of exploitation of groundwater intake. The unit response matrix method was used to connect the simulation model with the optimization procedure. In the optimization task the objective functions concerning the total volume of groundwater intake discharge and infiltration amount from the River Dunajec or irrigation ditches were applied. Several constraints concerned both the maximum and minimum capacity of individual wells and the entire intake, as well as desirable or undesirable drawdown values in selected control points and control areas. Finally, twelve variants of optimization tasks, for different boundary conditions and different objective functions, were solved and optimal schemes of well discharge distribution within the intake were calculated. The results of optimization show that, depending on the intended objective and the constraints imposed, the best exploitation scenario under the given conditions may be found.
Numerical modelling in research on geothermal systems
Authors: Dendys Marta , Tomaszewska Barbara , Pająk Leszek 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Nowadays, numerical modelling is a common tool for supporting the research of geothermal systems. Due to the development of computer sciences and access to software dedicated to numerical modelling of hydrogeological processes this is possible. Research can schematise hydrogeological conditions and simulate the work of geothermal systems and thermal water intakes. Research creates numerical models of geothermal systems at the regional and local scale for simulating work of specific thermal waters for example.
In connection with the economic development of the use of thermal waters in Poland there are many research projects where numerical modelling occurs as a primary tool. This paper provides an overview of research issues where the solution to the problem was found by using computer applications and numerical simulators.