bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave Absorption in MWNTs‐Based Soft Composites Containing Nanocrystalline Particles as Magnetic Core and Intrinsically Conducting Polymer as a Conductive Layer
Authors: Bhingardive Viraj , Woldu Tesfakiros , Biswas Sourav , Kar Goutam Prasanna , Thomas Sabu , Kalarikkal Nandakumar , Bose Suryasarathi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMicrowave absorbers derived using poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), super paramagnetic nanocrystalline calcium ferrite (CaFe2O4) and multiwall nanotubes (MWNTs) were developed in this study. Effect of in‐situ modification of CaFe2O4 and MWNTs with a conducting layer, (polyaniline, PANI) on different properties of the composite has been investigated systematically. Two approaches were investigated here to gain insight into the mechanism of microwave absorption. Firstly, coating PANI onto CaFe2O4 and blending along with MWNTs; secondly, coating PANI onto MWNTs and blending along with CaFe2O4. The electrical and magnetic properties of various composites containing hybrid particles were evaluated. Interestingly, the PVDF composites containing PANI coated CaFe2O4 blended together with MWNTs showed excellent shielding effectiveness (‐57 dB at 18 GHz) as compared to the second approach where PANI was coated onto MWNTs and blended along with CaFe2O4. This was discussed here with respect to the relative permittivity and permeability in a wide range of frequency.
Hetero–nanostructured Ni/α‐Mn2O3 as Highly Active Catalyst for Aqueous Phase Reduction Reactions
Authors: Deka Pangkita , Sarmah Pingal , Deka Ramesh C. , Bharali Pankaj 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this work, a simple strategy for the synthesis of hetero‐nanostructured Ni/α‐Mn2O3 via surfactant‐aided co‐reduction method is reported. The as synthesized Ni/α‐Mn2O3 is applied as catalytic material for the aqueous phase reduction of 4‐nitrophenol (4‐NP) and organic dye pollutants, namely Rhodamine B (RhB), Methylene blue (MB), Rose Bengal (RB), Congo red (CR), and Methyl orange (MO) in the presence of a mild reducing agent, NaBH4. This synthetic route provides homogeneous dispersion of Ni nanoparticles over α‐Mn2O3 surface. The nanoparticles and support are characterized using XRD, SEM/EDX, TEM, AAS and BET surface area analyses. The Ni particles are spherical, crystalline and size ranges < 5 nm. Further, hetero‐nanostructured Ni/α‐Mn2O3 is established as a highly efficient recyclable catalyst for the reduction of 4‐NP to 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP). The HPLC and FTIR analysis shows that 4‐AP is the sole product of the reduction of 4‐NP. The Ni/α‐Mn2O3 also exhibits high activity towards reduction of cationic and anionic dye pollutants. Thus, the as synthesized hetero‐nanostructured Ni/α‐Mn2O3 can be considered as the future contender for the wastewater treatment.
Angiogenesis in alkaptonuria
Authors: Millucci Lia , Bernardini Giulia , Marzocchi Barbara , Braconi Daniela , Geminiani Michela , Gambassi Silvia , Laschi Marcella , Frediani Bruno , Galvagni Federico , Orlandini Maurizio , Santucci Annalisa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare genetic disease that affects the entire joint. Current standard of AKU treatment is palliative and little is known about its physiopathology. Neovascularization is involved in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammatory rheumatic diseases, a family of related disorders that includes AKU. Here, we investigated the presence of neoangiogenesis in AKU synovium and healthy controls. Synovium from AKU patients, who had undergone total joint replacement or arthroscopy, or from healthy patients without any history of rheumatic diseases, who underwent surgical operation following sport trauma was subjected to hematoxylin and eosin staining. Histologic grades were assigned for clinical disease activity and synovitis based on cellular content of the synovium. By immunofluorescence microscopy, using different endothelial cell markers, we observed large vascularization in AKU but not in healthy synovium. Moreover, Western blotting and quantification analyses confirmed strong expression of endothelial cell markers in AKU synovial tissues. Importantly, AKU synovium vascular endothelium expressed high levels of β‐dystroglycan, a protein previously involved in the regulation of angiogenesis in osteoarthritic synovium. This is the first report providing experimental evidences that new blood vessels are formed in AKU synovial tissues, opening new perspectives for AKU therapy.
Chemically Induced Solidification: A New Way to Produce Thin Solid-Near-Net Shapes
Authors: Slater Carl , Spooner Stephen , Davis Claire , Sridhar Seetharaman 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

In situ observation of the solidification of high-carbon steel (4 wt pct C) through decarburization has been carried out as a feasibility study into reducing high-power
usage and high CO2 production involved in steel making. Decarburization has been carried out under both air and pure N2 atmospheres at temperatures of 1573 K and 1673 K (1300 °C and 1400 °C). A solidified shell of around 500 μm was formed with carbon concentrations reduced down to 1 pct in as short as 18 seconds.
Reactions Between Liquid CaO-SiO2 Slags and Graphite Substrates
Authors: White Jesse F. , Lee Jaewoo , Hessling Oscar , Glaser Bjoern 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this study, the spreading and infiltration behavior of liquid slag in contact with different grades of graphite was investigated. The wetting and infiltration of slag into graphite were found to be highly material dependent. The reduction of silica by carbon is a characteristic of the system, and it generates gaseous products as evidenced by the observation of bubble formation. The higher the temperature and silica activity of the slag is, the greater the slag infiltration and the faster the rate of spreading. Silicon infiltrated into the graphite substrates much deeper than the oxide phases, indicating gas-phase transport of SiO(g) into the graphite pores. Fundamentally, in this system where the liquid and substrate are reacting, the driving force for spreading is the movement of the system toward a lower total Gibbs energy. Reduction of silica in the slag near the interface may eventually lead to the formation of a solid, CaO-rich layer, slowing down or stopping the reduction reaction.
Synthesis and Physicochemical Properties of Alanine‐Based Surfactants
Authors: Bougueroua M. , Mousli R. , Tazerouti A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of a homologous series of alanine‐based surfactants, namely sodium salts of n‐alkanesulfonamido‐2‐propanoic acids in which n‐alkane is n‐dodecane, n‐tetradecane, n–hexadecane, and n‐octadecane having the formula RSO2NHCH (CH3)COO−Na+, is described. The starting materials used were a mixture of secondary positional isomers of n‐alkanesulfonyl chlorides obtained by photosulfochlorination reaction using sulfuryl chloride and a catalyst. Surface properties of the aqueous solutions of the synthesized surfactants, including the critical micelle concentration and minimal surface tension δmin, were determined using surface tension measurements at 25 °C. The surface excess Γ and minimum area per molecule (Amin) where calculated using the Gibbs equation. The foaming power was also determined by the Bartsh method, and the R5 parameter was calculated to estimate the stability of the foam formed. The results obtained were compared to those of a commercial surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate, and a series of synthesized glycine‐based surfactants. The results obtained clearly show that the alanine‐based surfactants possess good surface properties. The investigations highlight the influence on the surface properties of the addition of a methyl group in the hydrophilic part.
Assessment of Isoprostanes in Human Plasma: Technical Considerations and the Use of Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lee Yiu Yiu , Galano Jean‐Marie , Oger Camille , Vigor Claire , Guillaume Reversat , Roy Jérôme , Le Guennec Jean‐Yves , Durand Thierry , Lee Jetty Chung‐Yung 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOxygenated lipid mediators released from non‐enzymatic peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to have functional roles in humans. Notably, among these lipid mediators, isoprostanes molecules are robust biomarkers of oxidative stress but those from n‐3 PUFA are also bioactive molecules. In order to identify and assess the isoprostanes, the use of mass spectrometry (MS) for analysis is preferable and has been used for over two decades. Gas chromatography (GC) is commonly coupled to the MS to separate the derivatized isoprostanes of interest in biological samples. In order to increase the accuracy of the analytical performance, GC–MS/MS was also applied. Lately, MS or MS/MS has been coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography to assess multiple isoprostane molecules in a single biological sample without derivatization process. However, there are limitations for the use of LC–MS/MS in the measurement of plasma isoprostanes, which will be discussed in this review.
Effects of Variety, Maturation and Growing Region on Chemical Properties, Fatty Acid and Sterol Compositions of Virgin Olive Oils
Authors: Bozdogan Konuskan Dilsat , Mungan Burcu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractChemical properties, fatty acid and sterol compositions of olive oils extracted from Gemlik and Halhalı varieties grown in Hatay and Mardin provinces in Turkey were investigated during four maturation stages. The olive oil samples were analyzed for their chemical properties such as free acidity, peroxide value, total carotenoid, total chlorophyll, total phenolic contents, antioxidant activity, fatty acid and sterol compositions. Chemical properties, fatty acids and sterol profiles of olive oil samples generally showed statistically significant differences depending on the varieties, maturation and growing areas (p < 0.05). As free fatty acid contents and total phenolic contents increased, total carotenoid and chlorophyll contents decreased throughout the maturity stages. Total carotenoid and chlorophyll contents of oil samples from Mardin were higher than those of Hatay. The total phenolic compounds of olive oil samples ranged from 20.62 in Gemlik to 525.22 mg GAE/kg oil in Halhalı from Hatay. In general, the phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of olive oil samples were positively associated. Oleic acid content was the highest 71.53 % in H1 samples in Hatay. Total sterol contents were 1194.33 mg/kg in Halhalı and 2008.66 mg/kg in Gemlik from Hatay. Stigmasterol contents of oils obtained from Hatay were lower than those of Mardin. Oleic acid, palmitic acid, β‐sitosterol, ∆‐5‐avenasterol and campesterol contents fluctuated with maturation for each of variety from both growing regions. These results showed that the variety, growing area and maturation influence the chemical properties, fatty acid and sterol compositions.
Zero Health Worker Infection: Experiences From the China Ebola Treatment Unit During the Ebola Epidemic in Liberia
Authors: Liu Lei , Yin Huahua , Liu Ding 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn November 2014, a total of 164 health care workers were dispatched by the Chinese government as the first medical assistance team to Liberia. The tasks of this team were to establish a China Ebola treatment unit (ETU), to commence the initial admission and treatment of suspected and confirmed Ebola patients, and to provide public health and infection control training for relevant local personnel. Overall, during the 2-month stay of this first medical assistance team in Liberia, 112 Ebola-suspected patients presented to the ETU, 65 patients were admitted, including 5 confirmed cases, and 3 confirmed cases were cured. Furthermore, 1520 local people were trained, including health care workers, military health care workers, staff members employed by the ETU, and community residents. Most importantly, as the first Chinese medical assistance team deployed to Liberia fighting the Ebola virus on the frontline, not a single member of this team or the hired local staff were infected by Ebola virus. This highly successful outcome was due to the meticulous infection control initiatives developed by the team, thereby making a significant contribution to China’s ETU “zero infection” of health workers in Liberia. The major infection control initiatives conducted in the China ETU that contributed to achieving “zero infection” of all health workers in the ETU are introduced in this report. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:262–266)
The Status of Multi-Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Models
Authors: Müller B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractModels of neutrino-driven core-collapse supernova explosions have matured considerably in recent years. Explosions of low-mass progenitors can routinely be simulated in 1D, 2D, and 3D. Nucleosynthesis calculations indicate that these supernovae could be contributors of some lighter neutron-rich elements beyond iron. The explosion mechanism of more massive stars remains under investigation, although first 3D models of neutrino-driven explosions employing multi-group neutrino transport have become available. Together with earlier 2D models and more simplified 3D simulations, these have elucidated the interplay between neutrino heating and hydrodynamic instabilities in the post-shock region that is essential for shock revival. However, some physical ingredients may still need to be added/improved before simulations can robustly explain supernova explosions over a wide range of progenitors. Solutions recently suggested in the literature include uncertainties in the neutrino rates, rotation, and seed perturbations from convective shell burning. We review the implications of 3D simulations of shell burning in supernova progenitors for the ‘perturbations-aided neutrino-driven mechanism,’ whose efficacy is illustrated by the first successful multi-group neutrino hydrodynamics simulation of an 18 solar mass progenitor with 3D initial conditions. We conclude with speculations about the impact of 3D effects on the structure of massive stars through convective boundary mixing.
Narrating Unity at the European Union’s New History Museum: A Cultural-Process Approach to the Study of Collective Memory
Authors: Hilmar Till 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPower in sociological studies of memory is commonly understood as a function of political interests that are successfully framed as an inclusive and convincing story about selected elements of the past. By showing how negotiations of memory are driven by dynamics of symbolic exchange and by distinguishing techniques of narration emerging from this process, I develop a theoretical model that helps to better understand the locus of symbolic power in mnemonic agency. I consider the case of the plans surrounding a European history museum to show how persistent notions of cultural unity can be drafted in democratic societies.
The phylogeny and life cycle of two species ofProfilicollis(Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) in marine hosts off the Pacific coast of Chile
Authors: Rodríguez S.M. , D'Elía G. , Valdivia N. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractResolving complex life cycles of parasites is a major goal of parasitological research. The aim of this study was to analyse the life cycle of two species of the genusProfilicollis,the taxonomy of which is still unstable and life cycles unclear. We extracted individuals ofProfilicollisfrom two species of crustaceans (intermediate hosts) and four species of seagulls (definitive hosts) from sandy-shore and estuarine habitats along the south-east Pacific coast of Chile. Mitochondrial DNA analyses showed that two species ofProfilicollisinfected intermediate hosts from segregated habitats: whileP. altmanilarvae infected exclusively molecrabs of the genusEmeritafrom fully marine habitats,P. antarcticuslarvae infected the crabHemigrapsus crenulatusfrom estuarine habitats. Moreover,P. altmanicompleted its life cycle in four seagulls,Chroicocephalus maculipennis, Leucopheus pipixcan, Larus modestusandL. dominicanus,whileP. antarcticus, on the other hand, completed its life cycle in the kelp gullL. dominicanus. Accordingly, our results show that two congeneric parasites use different and spatially segregated species as intermediate hosts, and both are capable of infecting one species of definitive hosts. As such, our analyses allow us to shed light on a complex interaction network.
From National to Sub-National? Exploring the Territorial Dimension of Social Assistance in Italy
Authors: VAMPA DAVIDE 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn countries that have experienced decentralisation processes, the role that central and sub-national authorities play in the governance of some social policies may vary considerably across regions. In Italy, for instance, whereas some regions (and municipalities) have been very active in financing social assistance programmes, others still overwhelmingly rely on resources directly allocated by the central government. This indicates that, in a ‘regionalised’ system, the development of a sub-national social dimension is not a territorially homogeneous phenomenon. Interestingly, cross-regional variation is mainly explained by differences in the strength of regionalist parties. The share of total social assistance spending allocated by sub-national authorities has increased significantly in those areas of the country where regionalist parties are stronger and does not seem to depend on ideological shifts on the left-right spectrum. Surprisingly, the positive effect of regional economic development on sub-national spending is not as strong as expected. On the other hand, female employment and population ageing seem to explain part of territorial divergence, the former having a positive effect and the latter a negative one on the dependent variable.
Primary Health Care Providers’ Perspectives: Facilitating Older Patients’ Access to Community Support Services
Authors: Ploeg Jenny , Denton Margaret , Hutchison Brian , McAiney Carrie , Moore Ainsley , Brazil Kevin , Tindale Joseph , Wu Amina , Lam Annie 
Published: September 2016

RÉSUMÉLe but de l’étude examiné dans cet article était de comprendre comment les professionnels des soins de santé qui ne sont pas médecins, mais travaillent dans des milieux primaires canadiens de soins de santé, facilitent l’accès des personnes âgées aux services de soutien communautaire (SSC). L’utilisation de SSC a un impact positif pour les clients, mais ils restent sous-utilisés en raison du manque de prise de conscience. En utilisant une approche descriptive qualitative, nous avons interrogé 20 professionnels de la santé de diverses disciplines et modèles de soins de santé primaires sur les processus qu’ils utilisent pour lier les patients âgés à SSC. Les participants ont collaboré intensivement avec des collègues professionnels au sein et à l’extérieur de leurs organisations pour trouver SSC pertinents. Ils faisaient participer activement les patients et leurs familles à faire ces liens et ont assuré le suivi. Il est troublant de constater qu’ils comptaient sur les ressources périmées et des stratégies de recherche inefficaces pour trouver les SSC. Nos résultats peuvent être utilisés pour développer des ressources et des approches afin de mieux soutenir les fournisseurs de soins de santé primaires en reliant les adultes âgés à des CSS pertinents.
Disruption, destruction and the creation of ‘the inner cities’: the impact of urban renewal on industry, 1945–1980
Authors: KEFFORD ALISTAIR 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT:This article examines the impact of post-war urban renewal on industry and economic activity in Manchester and Leeds. It demonstrates that local redevelopment plans contained important economic underpinnings which have been largely overlooked in the literature, and particularly highlights expansive plans for industrial reorganization and relocation. The article also shows that, in practice, urban renewal had a destabilizing and destructive impact on established industrial activities and exacerbated the inner-city problems of unemployment and disinvestment which preoccupied policy-makers by the 1970s. The article argues that post-war planning practices need to be integrated into wider histories of deindustrialization in British cities.
Quality of life and exercise performance in unoperated children with anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the opposite sinus of valsalva
Authors: Sing Alan C. , Tsaur Stephen , Paridon Stephen M. , Brothers Julie A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundAnomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery is a congenital cardiac condition that can be associated with increased risk of sudden death. To date, quality of life and exercise performance have not been evaluated in patients with this condition who do not undergo surgical repair.MethodsWe carried out a cross-sectional analysis of patients with unoperated anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery at our institution from 1 January, 2000 to 31 January, 2016. We prospectively assessed quality of life using standardised questionnaires. Medical records were reviewed for clinical and exercise stress test data. Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t-tests and Spearman’s correlation coefficients.ResultsIn total, 56 families completed the questionnaires. The average age at enrolment was 14.7±6 years. The majority were male (n=44, 78.6%) and had interarterial anomalous right coronary artery (n=38, 67.9%). Patients had normal quality of life on the PedsQL 4.0 Report, Child Health Questionnaire Child Form 87, and SF-36v2. Their parents had normal quality of life on the PedsQL 4.0 Parent Report, but parents of exercise-restricted patients had decreased Physical Functioning, General Health Perception, Emotional Impact on Parent, and Physical Summary scores (p<0.001–0.048) on the Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form 50.ConclusionsPatients with unoperated anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery appear to have normal quality of life, but parents of exercise-restricted patients have decreased general health and emotional and physical quality of life scores. Improved counselling of families may be beneficial in this group. Future studies with more patients should evaluate quality of life and exercise performance over time.
Influence of mealtime habits on the risk of weight gain and obesity in Mexican adults
Authors: Dosamantes-Carrasco Libia Darina , Méndez-Hernández Pablo , Flores Yvonne N , Siani Carole , Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar , Gallegos-Carrillo Katia , Ramírez Paula , Rivera-Paredez Berenice , Salazar-Martínez Eduardo , Salmerón Jorge 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo prospectively examine the extent to which mealtime habits influences the risk of weight gain and obesity in Mexican adults.DesignWe performed a prospective cohort study. The Mealtime Habits Quality (MHQ) scale was used for assessing participants’ MHQ; the outcomes of interest were gain ≥5 % of body weight, developing overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity, after 7 years of follow-up. In order to estimate the independent effect of MHQ on anthropometric indicators, generalized linear models were computed to obtain adjusted relative risks (95 % CI).SettingThe state of Morelos, Mexico.SubjectsMexican adults (n 837) aged 18–70 years participating in a cohort study.ResultsCompared with participants classified in the higher MHQ category, individuals in the middle and lower MHQ groups had a 4·1 (2·5, 6·7) and 6·2 (3·9, 9·7) fold greater risk of gain ≥5 % of body weight, respectively; 6·6 (2·8, 15·5) and 8·6 (3·7, 19·8) fold greater risk of becoming overweight/obese, respectively; and 3·8 (2·0, 7·3) and 5·3 (2·8, 9·8) fold greater risk of developing abdominal obesity, respectively.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence about the influence of a set of mealtime habits on obesity indicators, showing that greater adherence to unadvisable mealtime habits increases the risk of developing unhealthy anthropometric indicators. Since the meal is one of the most important sources of food intake, and consequently weight status, the MHQ scale can be a useful population tool to predict weight gain and obesity.