bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation and inhaler device handling: real-life assessment of 2935 patients
Authors: Molimard Mathieu , Raherison Chantal , Lignot Severine , Balestra Aurelie , Lamarque Stephanie , Chartier Anais , Droz-Perroteau Cecile , Lassalle Regis , Moore Nicholas , Girodet Pierre-Olivier 
Published: February 2017

Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be prevented by inhaled treatment. Errors in inhaler handling, not taken into account in clinical trials, could impact drug delivery and minimise treatment benefit. We aimed to assess real-life inhaler device handling in COPD patients and its association with COPD exacerbations.To this end, 212 general practitioners and 50 pulmonologists assessed the handling of 3393 devices used for continuous treatment of COPD in 2935 patients. Handling errors were observed in over 50% of handlings, regardless of the device used. Critical errors compromising drug delivery were respectively made in 15.4%, 21.2%, 29.3%, 43.8%, 46.9% and 32.1% of inhalation assessment tests with Breezhaler® (n=876), Diskus® (n=452), Handihaler® (n=598), pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) (n=422), Respimat® (n=625) and Turbuhaler® (n=420).The proportion of patients requiring hospitalisation or emergency room visits in the past 3 months for severe COPD exacerbation was 3.3% (95% CI 2.0–4.5) in the absence of error and 6.9% (95% CI 5.3–8.5) in the presence of critical error (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.14–3.04, p<0.05).Handling errors of inhaler devices are underestimated in real life and are associated with an increased rate of severe COPD exacerbation. Training in inhaler use is an integral part of COPD management.
Comparative analysis of pulse copper vapour laser parameters fume with known types of technological lasers
Authors: Лябин Николай , Lyabin Nikolay , Казарян Мишик , Kazaryan Mishik , Григорьянц Александр , Grigoryants Aleksandr , Шиганов Игорь , Shiganov Igor 
Published: February 2017

The shown in the work investigations on a comparative analysis of emission parameters of lasers and laser systems on copper vapour (LPM and LSPM) with known technological gas and solid-state lasers have shown that LPM and LSPM with wave lengths of emission in a yellow-green spectrum range – 510.6 and 578.2 nm; pulse nano-second duration – 10…30ns; high frequencies of pulse repetition – 10…20kH and low pulse energy – 0.1…10mJ stay power pulse sources of coherent radiation and according to parameter totality are unique tools for micro-processing.
On the basis of the complex of scientific-technical, technological and circuit solutions there is created a new generation with high efficiency, reliability and quality of emission, industrial welded-off active elements on copper vapour of small (1…20W) and average (30…100W) levels of power and on their basis industrial LPM and LSPM for the collection of technological equipment.
High coherent emission of this class of lasers with the aid of objective lens is focused in a spot of small dimensions – 10…20µm with the peak power density 109…1012W/cm2 sufficient for the efficient micro-processing of materials.
Can Retail Sales Volatility be Curbed Through Marketing Actions?
Authors: Esteban-Bravo Mercedes , Vidal-Sanz Jose M. , Yildirim Gökhan 
Published: February 2017

For many years, marketing managers have used dynamic sales response models to compute expected sales conditional on the available information. These models fail to recognize that the volatility (conditional variance) of sales can vary over time. Moreover, the covolatilities (conditional covariances) between sales and marketing-mix variables can be time varying. Both concepts introduce a new range of strategic and tactical considerations for product and brand managers. Using a multivariate volatility model, we investigate the covolatility of sales and the marketing mix of a focal brand and competing brands in the market. We also examine carryover effects from a volatility perspective. The methodology is applied to six product categories sold by Dominick’s Finer Foods. The results reveal valuable implications for marketing managers. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.1013 .
Research roundup: February 2017
Authors: Greener Mark 
Published: February 2017

In brief Non-medical prescribers are as effective as medical prescribers, but further studies are needed to fully quantify the benefits Infant rotavirus vaccine reduces episodes of acute gastroenteritis by up to 50%, saving £12.5 million a year Listerine reduces Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the pharynx of men who have sex with men The NHS Health Check programme in England prevents up to 8400 heart attacks, strokes or deaths over 5 years Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy is effective for some prostate cancers
Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 elicits vasodilation in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in healthy men
Authors: Asmar Ali , Asmar Meena , Simonsen Lene , Madsbad Sten , Holst Jens J , Hartmann Bolette , Sorensen Charlotte M , Bülow Jens 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn healthy subjects, we recently demonstrated that during acute administration of GLP‐1, cardiac output increased significantly, whereas renal blood flow remained constant. We therefore hypothesize that GLP‐1 induces vasodilation in other organs, for example, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and/or splanchnic tissues. Nine healthy men were examined twice in random order during a 2‐hour infusion of either GLP‐1 (1.5 pmol kg−1 min−1) or saline. Cardiac output was continuously estimated noninvasively concomitantly with measurement of intra‐arterial blood pressure. Subcutaneous, abdominal adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) was measured by the 133Xenon clearance technique. Leg and splanchnic blood flow were measured by Fick's Principle, using indocyanine green as indicator. In the GLP‐1 study, cardiac output increased significantly together with a significant increase in arterial pulse pressure and heart rate compared with the saline study. Subcutaneous, abdominal ATBF and leg blood flow increased significantly during the GLP‐1 infusion compared with saline, whereas splanchnic blood flow response did not differ between the studies. We conclude that in healthy subjects, GLP‐1 increases cardiac output acutely due to a GLP‐1‐induced vasodilation in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle together with an increase in cardiac work.
Magnetic targeting with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for in vivo glioma
Authors: Fontes de Paula Aguiar Marina , Bustamante Mamani Javier , Klei Felix Taylla , Ferreira dos Reis Rafael , Rodrigues da Silva Helio , Nucci Leopoldo Penteado , Nucci-da-Silva Mariana Penteado , Gamarra Lionel Fernel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to review the use of the magnetic targeting technique, characterized by magnetic driving compounds based on superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), as drug delivery for a specific brain locus in gliomas. We reviewed a process mediated by the application of an external static magnetic field for targeting SPIONs in gliomas. A search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases identified 228 studies, 23 of which were selected based on inclusion criteria and predetermined exclusion criteria. The articles were analyzed by physicochemical characteristics of SPIONs used, cell types used for tumor induction, characteristics of experimental glioma models, magnetic targeting technical parameters, and analysis method of process efficiency. The study shows the highlights and importance of magnetic targeting to optimize the magnetic targeting process as a therapeutic strategy for gliomas. Regardless of the intensity of the patterned magnetic field, the time of application of the field, and nanoparticle used (commercial or synthesized), all studies showed a vast advantage in the use of magnetic targeting, either alone or in combination with other techniques, for optimized glioma therapy. Therefore, this review elucidates the preclinical and therapeutic applications of magnetic targeting in glioma, an innovative nanobiotechnological method.
Language Outcomes at 7 Years: Early Predictors and Co-Occurring Difficulties
Authors: McKean Cristina , Reilly Sheena , Bavin Edith L. , Bretherton Lesley , Cini Eileen , Conway Laura , Cook Fallon , Eadie Patricia , Prior Margot , Wake Melissa , Mensah Fiona 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To examine at 7 years the language abilities of children, the salience of early life factors and language scores as predictors of language outcome, and co-occurring difficulties

METHODS:
A longitudinal cohort study of 1910 infants recruited at age 8 to 10 months. Exposures included early life factors (sex, prematurity, birth weight/order, twin birth, socioeconomic status, non–English speaking background,family history of speech/language difficulties); maternal factors (mental health, vocabulary, education, and age); and child language ability at 2 and 4 years. Outcomes were 7-year standardized receptive or expressive language scores (low language: ≥1.25 SD below the mean), and co-occurring difficulties (autism, literacy, social, emotional, and behavioral adjustment, and health-related quality of life).

RESULTS:
Almost 19% of children (22/1204;18.9%) met criteria for low language at 7 years. Early life factors explained 9-13% of variation in language scores, increasing to 39-58% when child language scores at ages 2 and 4 were included. Early life factors moderately discriminated between children with and without low language (area under the curve: 0.68–0.72), strengthening to good discrimination with language scores at ages 2 and 4 (area under the curve: 0.85–0.94). Low language at age 7 was associated with concurrent difficulties in literacy, social-emotional and behavioral difficulties, and limitations in school and psychosocial functioning.

CONCLUSIONS:
Child language ability at 4 years more accurately predicted low language at 7 than a range of early child, family, and environmental factors. Low language at 7 years was associated with a higher prevalence of co-occurring difficulties.
Variation in Sepsis Evaluation Across a National Network of Nurseries
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sagori , Taylor James A. , Von Kohorn Isabelle , Flaherman Valerie , Burgos Anthony E. , Phillipi Carrie A. , Dhepyasuwan Nui , King Elizabeth , Dhudasia Miren , Puopolo Karen M. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The extent to which clinicians use currently available guidelines for early-onset sepsis (EOS) screening has not been described. The Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns network represents 97 nurseries in 34 states across the United States. The objective of this study was to describe EOS risk management strategies across a national sample of newborn nurseries.

METHODS:
A Web-based survey was sent to each Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns network nursery site representative. Nineteen questions addressed specific practices for assessing and managing well-appearing term newborns identified at risk for EOS.

RESULTS:
Responses were received from 81 (83%) of 97 nurseries located in 33 states. Obstetric diagnosis of chorioamnionitis was the most common factor used to identify risk for EOS (79 of 81). Among well-appearing term infants with concern for maternal chorioamnionitis, 51 of 79 sites used American Academy of Pediatrics or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines to inform clinical care; 11 used a published sepsis risk calculator; and 2 used clinical observation alone. Complete blood cell count (94.8%) and C-reactive protein (36.4%) were the most common laboratory tests obtained and influenced duration of empirical antibiotics at 13% of the sites. Some degree of mother–infant separation was required for EOS evaluation at 95% of centers, and separation for the entire duration of antibiotic therapy was required in 40% of the sites.

CONCLUSIONS:
Substantial variation exists in newborn EOS risk assessment, affecting the definition of risk, the level of medical intervention, and ultimately mother–infant separation. Identification of the optimal approach to EOS risk assessment and standardized implementation of such an approach could affect care of a large proportion of newborns.
Charge Trapping Analysis of High Speed Diamond FETs
Authors: Shah Pankaj B. , Weil James , Birdwell A. Glen , Ivanov Tony 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCharge carrier trapping in diamond surface conduction field effect transistors (FETs) has been analyzed. For these devices two methods were used to obtain a negative electron affinity diamond surface; either plasma hydrogenation or annealing in an H2 environment. In both cases the Al2O3 gate dielectric can trap both electrons and holes in deep energy levels with emission timescales of seconds, while the diamond – Al2O3 interface traps exhibit much shorter time scales in the microsecond range. Capacitance-Voltage (CV) analysis indicates that these interface traps exhibit acceptor-like characteristics. Correlation with CV based free hole density measurements indicates that the conductance based interface trap analysis provides a method to quantify surface characteristics that lead to surface conduction in hydrogenated diamond where atmospheric adsorbates provide the acceptor states for transfer doping of the surface.
KUALITAS PERAIRAN SUNGAI MUSI BAGIAN TENGAH DAN HILIR SERTA KELIMPAHAN JENIS IKAN
Authors: Adjie Susilo 
Published: February 2017

Penelitian untuk mengetahui kualitas lingkungan perairan Sungai Musi bagian tengah dan hilir serta kelimpahan jenis ikan, telah dilakukan dari bulan April sampai dengan Oktober 2003. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei dengan menetapkan 15 stasiun pengamatan dari Sungai Musi bagian tengah sampai dengan hilir. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa dari hasil pemeriksaan parameter fisika kimia air secara umum perairan Sungai Musi bagian tengah sampai dengan hilir belum terlihat ada indikasi pencemaran. Kehidupan ikan di Sungai Musi bagian tengah sampai dengan hilir belum terlihat ada gangguan akibat pencemaran air. Jenis-jenis ikan yang dijumpai di sepanjang stasiun pengamatan terdapat sekitar 85 jenis yang didominansi oleh famili Cyprinidae. Penyebaran jenis ikan terkonsentrasi di Sungai Musi bagian tengah +- 75 jenis dan bagian hilir +- 58 jenis. A study to determine the water quality in the middle and lower parts of Musi River as well as its fish distribution was conducted from April until October 2003. Research was done under survey method by setting 15 stations in the middle and lower parts of Musi River. Results of the features of the physico chemical parameters showed that Musi River waters in the middle and lower parts were not polluted. There were 85 fish founded in the observed areas and they were dominated by family of cyprinidae. 75 fish species were distributed in the middle part of Musi River and 58 fish species were scattered in the lower.
BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI DAN DUGAAN MUSIM PEMIJAHAN IKAN PELAGIS KECIL DI LAUT CINA SELATAN
Authors: Suwarso Suwarso , Zamroni Achmad , Wudianto Wudianto 
Published: February 2017

Jenis ikan pelagis kecil merupakan sumber daya ikan dominan yang terdapat di wilayah perairan Laut Cina Selatan. Terdapat beberapa jenis ikan pelagis kecil yang merupakan hasil tangkapan utama antara lain adalah ikan layang (Decapterus sp.) dan kembung (Rastrelliger brachysoma). Penelitian terhadap biologi reproduksi (perkembangan kematangan gonad, sex ratio, dugaan musim pemijahan, dan length at first maturity) telah dilakukan terhadap 3 jenis ikan pelagis kecil (Decapterus russelli, Decapterus macrosoma, dan Rastrelliger kanagurta) yang tertangkap di Laut Cina Selatan. Pengambilan contoh biologi terhadap ke-3 spesies ikan dilakukan di tempat pendaratan ikan Palembang, Pemangkat, dan Pekalongan pada tahun 2003 sampai dengan 2005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada peningkatan nilai gonado somatic index yang seiring dengan bertambah ukuran ikan. Kejadian ini mengindikasikan perkembangan gonad ke arah kematangan. Pola fluktuasi gonado somatic index yang terjadi berdasarkan pada musim (cenderung lebih rendah pada musim barat, semakin meningkat pada akhir musim barat, dan mencapai maksimum pada musim timur dengan diikuti ada penurunan gonado somatic index). Dengan pola demikian ini, mengindikasikan pemijahan utama terjadi sejak akhir musim timur dan berlangsung beberapa bulan sampai dengan musim peralihan. Secara umum, populasi ikan yang tertangkap didominansi oleh ikan yang dalam kondisi belum matang gonad. Jenis Decapterus russelli mencapai kematangan gonad yang pertama (length at first mature) pada kisaran ukuran 18,6 sampai dengan 21,2 cm TL; Decapterus macrosoma pada ukuran 20,5 sampai dengan 21,9 cm TL, sedangkan Rastrelliger kanagurta pada kisaran ukuran 20,4 sampai dengan 22,3 cm TL. Small pelagic fish is one of the most dominant species caught in South China Sea which round scad and Indian meckerel are the main catches. Research on biological reproduction such as gonad somatic index, sex ratio, spawning season, and length at first maturity for three main pelagic species, i.e., Decapterus russelli, Decapterus macrosoma, and Rastrelliger kanagurta, was carried out during 2003 to 2005. Research result shows that there was a tendency that the increasing value of gonad somatic index occurred together with increasing the size of fish. The fluctuation of gonad somatic index was affected by season, the low value of gonad somatic index was found during northwest monsoon, conversely the high value of gonad somatic index occurred during southeast monsoon. This phenomenon indicated that the main spawning season occurred during southeast monsoon on several months before the next intermoon son coming. Generally, the small pelagic species in this area caught abundantly on the mature stage. Length at first maturity for Decapterus russelli observed in the range of 18.6 to 21.2 cm in TL, Decapterus macrosoma recorded in the range of 20.5 to 21.9 cm in TL, and Rastrelliger kanagurta found in the range of 20.4 to 22.3 cm in TL.
Island life and isolation: The population genetics of Pacific Wrens on the North Pacific Rim
Authors: Pruett Christin L. , Ricono Angela , Spern Cory , Winker Kevin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractConservation of intraspecific variation is a growing focus of conservation biology. Island populations can make up a large portion of the variation of widespread species, as they are often isolated and exhibit differences in phenotype and genetic structure compared with mainland populations. We genotyped 169 Pacific Wrens (Troglodytes pacificus) from 9 locations and 6 subspecies in Alaska, USA, and British Columbia, Canada, to examine the population structure, genetic diversity, and likelihood of genetic rescue of island populations of conservation concern. We found that 25% of genetic variation was partitioned among conservation units delineated by subspecies, suggesting that the present framework of managing subspecies as separate units is warranted. Populations found farthest from possible mainland sources had the lowest genetic diversity. The Attu Island population, subspecies T. p. meligerus, had the lowest genetic diversity and highest genetic divergence of all sampled locations, a signal also found in Attu Island populations of Song Sparrow (Melospiza melodia) and Rock Ptarmigan (Lagopus muta). Currently, populations in western Alaska are unlikely to be connected to populations in mainland locations through dispersal, and thus are unlikely candidates for natural genetic or demographic rescue.
Constitución de 1991, Ley de Cuotas y movimiento feminista: el papel del derecho en la generación de estructuras de movilización
Authors: Lehoucq Emilio 
Published: February 2017

Este artículo muestra lo poco teorizada que ha sido la relación entre el derecho y las estructuras de movilización de los movimientos sociales. Para avanzar en esta línea, propone una hipótesis sobre cuál fue el impacto de la Constitución de 1991 en el movimiento feminista. A través del estudio de caso de la campaña en torno a la Ley de Cuotas, se propone que el impacto más importante fue la creación de estructuras de movilización que le dieron un nuevo aire.
Un derecho contractual para el derecho a la vivienda
Authors: López-Castro Yira 
Published: February 2017

Las condiciones de los contratos que permiten el acceso a una vivienda están intrínsecamente relacionadas con la realización del derecho a la vivienda. Con base en esa relación entre el derecho a un techo decente y las circunstancias materiales de los ciudadanos expresadas en las cláusulas contractuales, la Corte Constitucional colombiana ha construido algunas reglas que persiguen la protección de los derechos habitacionales de los consumidores de vivienda. En ese contexto, este artículo analiza la jurisprudencia constitucional que se ha referido a los contratos de vivienda y presenta los retos que tales decisiones proponen a las instituciones tradicionales usualmente estudiadas por el derecho privado.
La coyuntura crítica colombiana: el origen comunicativo de la Constitución de 1991
Authors: Boesten Jan 
Published: February 2017

Se dice que las Constituciones de la Colombia del Siglo XIX eran cartas de batalla que aplacaban la confrontación militar, pero al mismo tiempo contenían la semilla para el siguiente enfrentamiento. La Constitución de 1991 rompe con esa tradición, en tanto esta no es percibida como una carta de batalla, sino como un pacto de paz. A través de una metodología de política comparada, este artículo contrasta el proceso constitucional de 1991 con otros escenarios de profunda reconstrucción institucional para argüir que lo que hace que la Constitución de 1991 sea diferente a aquellas cartas de batalla fue el tipo de crisis que llevó a la constitución de la Asamblea Nacional Constituyente, su origen en un movimiento popular comprometido con una acción comunicativa y, por último, su carácter inclusivo y deliberativo, en el que se escuchó a grupos tradicionalmente marginados.
Feminismo y crítica jurídica
Authors: Buchely Lina Fernanda 
Published: February 2017

Reseña de libro:Alviar, Helena y Jaramillo, Isabel (2012). Feminismo y crítica jurídica. El análisis distributivo como alternativa crítica al legalismo liberal. Bogotá: Siglo del Hombre Editores y Universidad de los Andes