bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantifying levels of function between different subgroups of chronic ankle instability
Authors: Terada M. , Bowker S. , Hiller C. E. , Thomas A. C. , Pietrosimone B. , Gribble P. A. 
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this original investigation was to determine if selected sensorimotor, mechanical, and self‐reported measures are different among chronic ankle instability (CAI) subgroups, healthy control participants, and lateral ankle sprain copers (LAS‐Copers). Ninety‐four participants volunteered and were categorized into perceived ankle instability (PI) alone (n = 13), recurrent ankle sprains (RAS) alone (n = 12), PI in combination with RAS (PI‐RAS; n = 25), LAS‐Copers (n = 18), and controls (n = 26). Participants completed self‐assessed global, regional, and psychological health‐related quality‐of‐life (HRQOL) questionnaires and assessments of sensorimotor function and mechanical joint laxity. One‐way ANOVAs were performed with the intention of reducing the number of original outcomes into a smaller number of predictor variables. Discriminant functional analysis was used to establish which specific measures best differentiate between groups. Eight outcome measures from neural excitability, postural control, static postural control, and HRQOL showed a significant differentiation between five groups (Wilk's λ = 0.26, χ232 = 114 45, P < 0.001, canonical correlation = 0.80) and correctly determined only 58.1% of group membership, and the PI‐RAS and control groups were the only fit in the proposed model. A different model or other sensorimotor outcomes from more dynamic and complex tasks may be needed for the PI, RAS, and LAS‐Coper groups.
Diabetic wound healing in a MMP9‐/‐ mouse model
Authors: Cho Hongkwan , Balaji Swathi , Hone Natalie L. , Moles Chad M. , Sheikh Abdul Q. , Crombleholme Timothy M. , Keswani Sundeep G. , Narmoneva Daria A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTReduced mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) from the bone marrow (BM) and impaired EPC recruitment into the wound represent a fundamental deficiency in the chronic ulcers. However, mechanistic understanding of the role of BM‐derived EPCs in cutaneous wound neovascularization and healing remains incomplete, which impedes development of EPC‐based wound healing therapies. The objective of this study was to determine the role of EPCs in wound neovascularization and healing both under normal conditions and using single deficiency (EPC) or double‐deficiency (EPC + diabetes) models of wound healing. MMP9 knockout (MMP9 KO) mouse model was utilized, where impaired EPC mobilization can be rescued by stem cell factor (SCF). The hypotheses were: (1) MMP9 KO mice exhibit impaired wound neovascularization and healing, which are further exacerbated with diabetes; (2) these impairments can be rescued by SCF administration. Full‐thickness excisional wounds with silicone splints to minimize contraction were created on MMP9 KO mice with/without streptozotocin‐induced diabetes in the presence or absence of tail‐vein injected SCF. Wound morphology, vascularization, inflammation, and EPC mobilization and recruitment were quantified at day 7 postwounding. Results demonstrate no difference in wound closure and granulation tissue area between any groups. MMP9 deficiency significantly impairs wound neovascularization, increases inflammation, decreases collagen deposition, and decreases peripheral blood EPC (pb‐EPC) counts when compared with wild‐type (WT). Diabetes further increases inflammation, but does not cause further impairment in vascularization, as compared with MMP9 KO group. SCF improves neovascularization and increases EPCs to WT levels (both nondiabetic and diabetic MMP9 KO groups), while exacerbating inflammation in all groups. SCF rescues EPC‐deficiency and impaired wound neovascularization in both diabetic and nondiabetic MMP9 KO mice. Overall, the results demonstrate that BM‐derived EPCs play a significant role during wound neovascularization and that the SCF‐based therapy with controlled inflammation could be a viable approach to enhance healing in chronic diabetic wounds.
Medicare‐VHA dual use is associated with poorer chronic wound healing
Authors: Bouldin Erin D. , Littman Alyson J. , Wong Edwin , Liu Chuan‐Fen , Taylor Leslie , Rice Kenneth , Reiber Gayle E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractVeterans who use Veterans Health Affairs (VHA) have the option of enrolling in and obtaining care from other non‐VA sources. Dual system use may improve care by increasing options or it may result in poorer outcomes because of fragmented care. Our objective was to assess whether dual system use of VHA and Medicare for wound care was associated with chronic wound healing. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 227 Medicare‐enrolled VHA users in the Pacific Northwest who had an incident, chronic lower limb wound between October 1, 2006 and September 30, 2007 identified through VHA chart review. All wounds were followed until resolution or for up to one year. Dual system wound care was identified through Medicare claims during follow‐up. We used a proportional hazards model to compare wound healing among VHA‐exclusive and dual wound care users, using a time‐varying measure of dual use and treating amputation and death as competing risks. About 18.1% of subjects were classified as dual wound care users during follow‐up. After adjustment using propensity scores, dual use was associated with a significantly lower hazard of wound healing compared to VHA‐exclusive use (HR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.39–0.99, p = 0.047). Hazards for the competing risks, amputation (HR = 4.23, 95% CI: 1.61–11.15, p = 0.003) and death (HR = 3.08, 95%CI: 1.11–8.56, p = 0.031), were significantly higher for dual users compared to VHA‐exclusive users. Results were similar in inverse probability of treatment weighted analyses and in sensitivity analyses that excluded veterans enrolled in a Medicare managed care plan and that used a revised wound resolution date based on Medicare claims data, but were not always statistically significant. Overall, dual wound care use was associated with substantially poorer wound healing compared to VHA‐exclusive wound care use. VHA may need to design programs or policies that support and improve care coordination for veterans needing chronic wound care.
Experimental and Monte Carlo studies of fluence corrections for graphite calorimetry in low‐ and high‐energy clinical proton beams
Authors: Lourenço Ana , Thomas Russell , Bouchard Hugo , Kacperek Andrzej , Vondracek Vladimir , Royle Gary , Palmans Hugo 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:The aim of this study was to determine fluence corrections necessary to convert absorbed dose to graphite, measured by graphite calorimetry, to absorbed dose to water. Fluence corrections were obtained from experiments and Monte Carlo simulations in low‐ and high‐energy proton beams.Methods:Fluence corrections were calculated to account for the difference in fluence between water and graphite at equivalent depths. Measurements were performed with narrow proton beams. Plane‐parallel‐plate ionization chambers with a large collecting area compared to the beam diameter were used to intercept the whole beam. High‐ and low‐energy proton beams were provided by a scanning and double scattering delivery system, respectively. A mathematical formalism was established to relate fluence corrections derived from Monte Carlo simulations, using the fluka code [A. Ferrari et al., “fluka: A multi‐particle transport code,” in CERN 2005‐10, INFN/TC 05/11, SLAC‐R‐773 (2005) and T. T. Böhlen et al., “The fluka Code: Developments and challenges for high energy and medical applications,” Nucl. Data Sheets 120, 211–214 (2014)], to partial fluence corrections measured experimentally.Results:A good agreement was found between the partial fluence corrections derived by Monte Carlo simulations and those determined experimentally. For a high‐energy beam of 180 MeV, the fluence corrections from Monte Carlo simulations were found to increase from 0.99 to 1.04 with depth. In the case of a low‐energy beam of 60 MeV, the magnitude of fluence corrections was approximately 0.99 at all depths when calculated in the sensitive area of the chamber used in the experiments. Fluence correction calculations were also performed for a larger area and found to increase from 0.99 at the surface to 1.01 at greater depths.Conclusions:Fluence corrections obtained experimentally are partial fluence corrections because they account for differences in the primary and part of the secondary particle fluence. A correction factor, F(d), has been established to relate fluence corrections defined theoretically to partial fluence corrections derived experimentally. The findings presented here are also relevant to water and tissue‐equivalent‐plastic materials given their carbon content.
Accumulated Oxygen Deficit During Exercise to Exhaustion Determined at Different Supramaximal Work Rates
Authors: Muniz-Pumares Daniel , Pedlar Charles , Godfrey Richard J. , Glaister Mark 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:The aim of the study was to determine the effect of supramaximal exercise intensity during constant work-rate cycling to exhaustion on the accumulated oxygen deficit (AOD) and to determine the test–retest reliability of AOD.Methods:Twenty-one trained male cyclists and triathletes (mean ± SD for age and maximal oxygen uptake [V̇O2max] were 41 ± 7 y and 4.53 ± 0.54 L/min, respectively) performed initial tests to determine the linear relationship between V̇O2 and power output, and V̇O2max. In subsequent trials, AOD was determined from exhaustive square-wave cycling trials at 105%, 112.5% (in duplicate), 120%, and 127.5% V̇O2max.Results:Exercise intensity had an effect (P = .011) on the AOD (3.84 ± 1.11, 4.23 ± 0.96, 4.09 ± 0.87, and 3.93 ± 0.89 L at 105%, 112.5%, 120%, and 127.5% V̇O2max, respectively). Specifically, AOD at 112.5% V̇O2max was greater than at 105% V̇O2max (P = .033) and at 127.5% V̇O2max (P = .022), but there were no differences between the AOD at 112.5% and 120% V̇O2max. In 76% of the participants, the maximal AOD occurred at 112.5% or 120% V̇O2max. The reliability statistics of the AOD at 112.5% V̇O2max, determined as intraclass correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation, were .927 and 8.72%, respectively.Conclusions:The AOD, determined from square-wave cycling bouts to exhaustion, peaks at intensities of 112.5–120% V̇O2max. Moreover, the AOD at 112.5% V̇O2max exhibits an 8.72% test–retest reliability.
Tracking Performance Changes With Running-Stride Variability When Athletes Are Functionally Overreached
Authors: Fuller Joel T. , Bellenger Clint R. , Thewlis Dominic , Arnold John , Thomson Rebecca L. , Tsiros Margarita D. , Robertson Eileen Y. , Buckley Jonathan D. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:Stride-to-stride fluctuations in running-stride interval display long-range correlations that break down in the presence of fatigue accumulated during an exhaustive run. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether long-range correlations in running-stride interval were reduced by fatigue accumulated during prolonged exposure to a high training load (functional overreaching) and were associated with decrements in performance caused by functional overreaching.Methods:Ten trained male runners completed 7 d of light training (LT7), 14 d of heavy training (HT14) designed to induce a state of functional overreaching, and 10 d of light training (LT10) in a fixed order. Running-stride intervals and 5-km time-trial (5TT) performance were assessed after each training phase. The strength of long-range correlations in running-stride interval was assessed at 3 speeds (8, 10.5, and 13 km/h) using detrended fluctuation analysis.Results:Relative to performance post-LT7, time to complete the 5TT was increased after HT14 (+18 s; P < .05) and decreased after LT10 (–20 s; P = .03), but stride-interval long-range correlations remained unchanged at HT14 and LT10 (P > .50). Changes in stride-interval long-range correlations measured at a 10.5-km/h running speed were negatively associated with changes in 5TT performance (r –.46; P = .03).Conclusions:Runners who were most affected by the prolonged exposure to high training load (as evidenced by greater reductions in 5TT performance) experienced the greatest reductions in stride-interval long-range correlations. Measurement of stride-interval long-range correlations may be useful for monitoring the effect of high training loads on athlete performance.
Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia Induced by Voluntary Hypoventilation in Swimming
Authors: Trincat Laurent , Woorons Xavier , Millet Grégoire P. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:Repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) has been shown as an efficient method for improving repeated-sprint ability (RSA) in team-sport players but has not been investigated in swimming. We assessed whether RSH with arterial desaturation induced by voluntary hypoventilation at low lung volume (VHL) could improve RSA to a greater extent than the same training performed under normal breathing (NB) conditions.Methods:Sixteen competitive swimmers completed 6 sessions of repeated sprints (2 sets of 16 × 15 m with 30 s send-off) either with VHL (RSH-VHL, n = 8) or with NB (RSN, n = 8). Before and after training, performance was evaluated through an RSA test (25-m all-out sprints with 35 s send-off) until exhaustion.Results:From before to after training, the number of sprints was significantly increased in RSH-VHL (7.1 ± 2.1 vs 9.6 ± 2.5; P < .01) but not in RSN (8.0 ± 3.1 vs 8.7 ± 3.7; P = .38). Maximal blood lactate concentration ([La]max) was higher after than before in RSH-VHL (11.5 ± 3.9 vs 7.9 ± 3.7 mmol/L; P = .04) but was unchanged in RSN (10.2 ± 2.0 vs 9.0 ± 3.5 mmol/L; P = .34). There was a strong correlation between the increases in the number of sprints and in [La]max in RSH-VHL only (R = .93, P < .01).Conclusions:RSH-VHL improved RSA in swimming, probably through enhanced anaerobic glycolysis. This innovative method allows inducing benefits normally associated with hypoxia during swim training in normoxia.
Are the World Junior Championship Finalists for Middle- and Long-Distance Events Currently Competing at International Level?
Authors: Pizzuto Federico , Bonato Matteo , Vernillo Gialunca , La Torre Antonio , Piacentini Maria Francesca 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:To analyze how many finalists of the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Junior Championships (WJCs) in the middle- and long-distance track events had dropped out from high-level competitions.Methods:Starting from 2002, the 8 male and the 8 female finalists in the middle- and long-distance events of 6 editions of the WJC were followed until 2015 to evaluate how many missed the IAAF rankings for 2 consecutive years starting from the year after WJC participation. For those still competing at elite level, their careers were monitored.Results:In 2015, 61% of the 2002, 54.8% of the 2004, 48.3% of the 2006, 37.5% of the 2008, 26.2% of the 2010, and 29% of the 2012 WJC finalists were not present in the IAAF rankings. Of the 368 athletes considered, 75 (20.4%) were able to achieve the IAAF top 10 in 2.4 ± 2.2 y. There is evidence of relationships between dropout and gender (P = .040), WJC edition (P = .000), and nationality (P = .010) and between the possibility to achieve the IAAF top 10 and dropout (P = .000), continent (P = .001), relative age effect (P = .000), and quartile of birth (P = .050).Conclusions:Even if 23 of the finalists won a medal at the Olympic Games or at the World Championships, it is still not clear if participation at the WJC is a prerequisite to success at a senior level.
No Improvement in Sprint Performance With a Neuromuscular Fitted Dental Splint
Authors: Fischer Henrike , Weber Daniel , Beneke Ralph 
Published: June 2016

Mouth guards protect against orofacial and dental injuries in sports. However, special fitted dental splints have been claimed to improve strength and speed and, therefore, to enhance athletic performance.Purpose:To test the effects of a neuromuscular fitted dental splint in comparison with a habitual verticalizing splint and a no-splint condition on cycling sprint performance in the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT).Methods:Twenty-three men (26.0 ± 2.0 y, 1.82 ± 0.06 m, 79.4 ± 7.7 kg) performed 3 WAnTs, 1 with the neuromuscular fitted splint, 1 with a habitual verticalized dental splint of the same height and material, and 1 under control conditions without any mouth guard, in randomized order separated by 1 wk.Results:No differences between any splint conditions were found in any aspect of WAnT performance (time to peak power, peak power, minimum power, power drop, and average power). Moderate to nearly perfect correlations between all splint conditions in all WAnT outcomes with coefficients of variation between 1.3% and 6.6% were found.Conclusions:Irrespective of habitual verticalization or myocentric positioning, dental splints have no effects on any aspect of WAnT performance. Results are comparable to those of test–retest experiments.
Household Fuel Use and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality
Authors: Mitter Sumeet S. , Vedanthan Rajesh , Islami Farhad , Pourshams Akram , Khademi Hooman , Kamangar Farin , Abnet Christian C. , Dawsey Sanford M. , Pharoah Paul D. , Brennan Paul , Fuster Valentin , Boffetta Paolo , Malekzadeh Reza 
Published: June 2016

Background—
Household air pollution is the third largest risk factor for global disease burden, but direct links with cardiovascular disease mortality are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between household fuel use and cardiovascular disease mortality.

Methods and Results—
The Golestan Cohort Study in northeastern Iran enrolled 50 045 individuals 40 to 75 years of age between 2004 and 2008 and collected data on lifetime household fuel use and other baseline exposures. Participants were followed up through 2012 with a 99% successful follow-up rate. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to calculate hazard ratios for associations between pehen (local dung), wood, kerosene/diesel, or natural gas burning for cooking and heating and all-cause and cause-specific mortality, with adjustment for lifetime exposure to each of these fuels and potential confounders. A total of 3073 participants (6%) died during follow-up; 78% of these deaths were attributable to noncommunicable diseases, including cardiovascular, oncological, and respiratory illnesses. Adjusted 10-year hazard ratios from kerosene/diesel burning were 1.06 (95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.10) and 1.11 (95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.17) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, respectively. Subtype-specific analyses revealed a significant increase in ischemic heart disease (10-year hazard ratio, 1.14; 95% confidence interval, 1.06–1.21) and a trend toward cerebrovascular accident (10-year hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% confidence interval, 0.99–1.17) mortality. Stratification by sex revealed a potential signal for increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality among women compared with men, with similar risk for ischemic heart disease mortality.

Conclusions—
Household exposure to high-pollution fuels was associated with increased risk for all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Replicating these results worldwide would support efforts to reduce such exposures.
Whole Grain Intake and Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer
Authors: Zong Geng , Gao Alisa , Hu Frank B. , Sun Qi 
Published: June 2016

Background—
Current findings on associations between whole grain (WG) intake and mortality are inconsistent and have not been summarized by meta-analysis.

Methods and Results—

We searched for prospective cohort studies reporting associations between WG intake and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer through February 2016 in Medline, Embase, and clinicaltrials.gov, and we further included unpublished results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III and NHANES 1999 to 2004. Fourteen studies were eligible for analysis, which included 786 076 participants, 97 867 total deaths, 23 957 CVD deaths, and 37 492 cancer deaths. Pooled relative risks comparing extreme WG categories (high versus low) were 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.80–0.88;
P
<0.001;
I
2
=74%;
P
heterogeneity
<0.001) for total mortality, 0.82 (95% CI, 0.79–0.85;
P
<0.001;
I
2
=0%;
P
heterogeneity
=0.53) for CVD mortality, and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.83–0.94;
P
<0.001;
I
2
=54%;
P
heterogeneity
=0.02) for cancer mortality. Intakes of WG ingredients in dry weight were estimated among studies reporting relative risks for ≥3 quantitative WG categories, and they were <50 g/d among most study populations. The 2-stage dose-response random-effects meta-analysis showed monotonic associations between WG intake and mortality (
P
nonlinearity
>0.05). For each 16-g/d increase in WG (≈1 serving per d), relative risks of total, CVD, and cancer mortality were 0.93 (95% CI, 0.92–0.94;
P
<0.001), 0.91 (95% CI, 0.90–0.93;
P
<0.001), and 0.95 (95% CI, 0.94–0.96;
P
<0.001), respectively.

Conclusions—
Our meta-analysis demonstrated inverse associations of WG intake with total and cause-specific mortality, and findings were particularly strong and robust for CVD mortality. These findings further support current Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which recommends at least 3 servings per day of WG intake.
Prolyl-4 Hydroxylase 2 (PHD2) Deficiency in Endothelial Cells and Hematopoietic Cells Induces Obliterative Vascular Remodeling and Severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Mice and Humans Through Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2α
Authors: Dai Zhiyu , Li Ming , Wharton John , Zhu Maggie M. , Zhao You-Yang 
Published: June 2016

Background—
Vascular occlusion and complex plexiform lesions are hallmarks of the pathology of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in patients. However, the mechanisms of obliterative vascular remodeling remain elusive; hence, current therapies have not targeted the fundamental disease-modifying mechanisms and result in only modest improvement in morbidity and mortality.

Methods and Results—

Mice with
Tie2
Cre-mediated disruption of
Egln1
(encoding prolyl-4 hydroxylase 2 [PHD2];
Egln1

Tie2

) in endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells exhibited spontaneous severe PAH with extensive pulmonary vascular remodeling, including vascular occlusion and plexiform-like lesions, resembling the hallmarks of the pathology of clinical PAH. As seen in patients with idiopathic PAH,
Egln1

Tie2

mice exhibited unprecedented right ventricular hypertrophy and failure and progressive mortality. Consistently, PHD2 expression was diminished in lung endothelial cells of obliterated pulmonary vessels in patients with idiopathic PAH. Genetic deletions of both
Egln1
and
Hif1a
or
Egln1
and
Hif2a
identified hypoxia-inducible factor-2α as the critical mediator of the severe PAH seen in
Egln1

Tie2

mice. We also observed altered expression of many pulmonary hypertension–causing genes in
Egln1

Tie2

lungs, which was normalized in
Egln1

Tie2

/
Hif2a

Tie2

lungs. PHD2-deficient endothelial cells promoted smooth muscle cell proliferation in part through hypoxia-inducible factor-2α–activated CXCL12 expression. Genetic deletion of
Cxcl12
attenuated PAH in
Egln1

Tie2

mice.

Conclusions—
These studies defined an unexpected role of PHD2 deficiency in the mechanisms of severe PAH and identified the first genetically modified mouse model with obliterative vascular remodeling and pathophysiology recapitulating clinical PAH. Thus, targeting PHD2/hypoxia-inducible factor-2α signaling is a promising strategy to reverse vascular remodeling for treatment of severe PAH.
Three new species of the water strider genus Rhyacobates Esaki, 1923 (Hemiptera: Gerridae) from Vietnam
Authors: TRAN A.D. , NGUYEN X.Q. 
Published: June 2016

Three new species: Rhyacobates zetteli sp.n., R. angustus sp.n., and R. constrictus sp.n., all from mountainous areas of northern Vietnam, are described. With these new taxa, a total of six species of Rhyacobates has been recorded from Vietnam. A key to species of Rhyacobates occurring in Vietnam is provided.