bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with online victimisation among Malaysian adolescents who use social networking sites: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Marret Mary J , Choo Wan Yuen 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of online interpersonal victimisation and its association with patterns of social networking site (SNS) use, offline victimisation, offline perpetration and parental conflict among Malaysian adolescents using SNS.MethodsA cross-sectional study of students from randomly selected public secondary schools in the state of Negeri Sembilan was conducted using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. The questionnaire examined patterns of SNS use and included measures of online victimisation, online perpetration, offline victimisation and parental conflict. A response rate of 91% from a total of 1634 yielded a sample of 1487 students between 15 years and 16 years of age.ResultsNinety-two per cent of respondents had used at least one SNS. More than half of SNS users (52.2%) reported experiences of online victimisation over the past 12 months. Boys were significantly more likely to experience online harassment compared with girls (52.2% vs 43.3%, p<0.001). There were no significant gender differences in experiences of unwanted sexual solicitation. Adolescents who engaged in perpetration behaviours online had almost six times higher odds of reporting frequent online victimisation compared with online behaviours involving personal disclosure. There was a significant dose-response relationship between engagement in multiple types of online behaviour and the risk of frequent online victimisation. Both online and offline perpetrations were associated with an increased risk of victimisation. Those who were victimised offline or experienced parental conflict were twice as likely to report online victimisation.ConclusionInterventions to prevent online electronic aggression should target perpetration behaviour both online and offline. Youth should be equipped with skills in communication and decision-making in relationships that can be applied across a spectrum of contexts both online and offline.
Dementia-friendly interventions to improve the care of people living with dementia admitted to hospitals: a realist review
Authors: Handley Melanie , Bunn Frances , Goodman Claire 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo identify features of programmes and approaches to make healthcare delivery in secondary healthcare settings more dementia-friendly, providing a context-relevant understanding of how interventions achieve outcomes for people living with dementia.DesignA realist review conducted in three phases: (1) stakeholder interviews and scoping of the literature to develop an initial programme theory for providing effective dementia care; (2) structured retrieval and extraction of evidence; and (3) analysis and synthesis to build and refine the programme theory.Data sourcesPubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, NHS Evidence, Scopus and grey literature.Eligibility criteriaStudies reporting interventions and approaches to make hospital environments more dementia-friendly. Studies not reporting patient outcomes or contributing to the programme theory were excluded.ResultsPhase 1 combined findings from 15 stakeholder interviews and 22 publications to develop candidate programme theories. Phases 2 and 3 identified and synthesised evidence from 28 publications. Prominent context–mechanism–outcome configurations were identified to explain what supported dementia-friendly healthcare in acute settings. Staff capacity to understand the behaviours of people living with dementia as communication of an unmet need, combined with a recognition and valuing of their role in their care, prompted changes to care practices. Endorsement from senior management gave staff confidence and permission to adapt working practices to provide good dementia care. Key contextual factors were the availability of staff and an alignment of ward priorities to value person-centred care approaches. A preoccupation with risk generated responses that werelikely to restrict patient choice and increase their distress.ConclusionsThis review suggests that strategies such as dementia awareness training alone will not improve dementia care or outcomes for patients with dementia. Instead, how staff are supported to implement learning and resources by senior team members with dementia expertise is a key component for improving care practices and patient outcomes.Trial registration numberCRD42015017562.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Cameroon: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bigna Jean Joel , Amougou Marie A , Asangbeh Serra Lem , Kenne Angeladine Malaha , Noumegni Steve Raoul N , Ngo-Malabo Elodie T , Noubiap Jean Jacques 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveBetter knowledge of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection prevalence at the national level can help to implement pertinent strategies to address HBV related burden. The aim was to estimate the seroprevalence of HBV infection in Cameroon.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.ParticipantsPeople residing in Cameroon.Data sourcesElectronic databases including PubMed/MEDLINE, African Journals Online (AJOL), ScienceDirect, WHO-Afro Library, WHO-IRIS, African Index Medicus, National Institute of Statistics and National AIDS Control Committee, Cameroon; regardless of language and from 1 January 2000 to 30 September 2016. This was completed with a manual search of references of relevant papers. Risk of bias in methodology of studies was measured using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.ResultsOut of 511 retrieved papers, 44 studies with a total of 105 603 individuals were finally included. The overall pooled seroprevalence was 11.2% (95% CI 9.7% to 12.8%) with high heterogeneity between studies (I2=97.9%). Egger’s test showed no publication bias (p=0.167). A sensitivity analysis excluding individuals at high risk of HBV infection and after adjustment using trim and fill method showed a pooled seroprevalence of 10.6% (95% CI 8.6% to 12.6%) among 100 501 individuals (general population, blood donors and pregnant women). Sources of heterogeneity included geographical regions across country and setting (rural 13.3% vs urban 9.0%), and implementation of HBV universal immunisation (born after 9.2% vs born before 0.7%). Sex, site, timing of data collection, HBV screening tools and methodological quality of studies were not sources of heterogeneity.LimitationOnly a third of the studies had low risk of bias in their methodology.ConclusionThe seroprevalence of HBV infection in Cameroon is high. Effective strategies to interrupt the transmission of HBV are urgently required. Specific attention is needed for rural settings, certain regions and people born before the implementation of the HBV universal immunisation programme in Cameroon in 2005.RegistrationPROSPERO, CRD42016042654.
Extrapulmonary effects of continuous airway pressure on patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: protocol for an overview of systematic reviews
Authors: Labarca Gonzalo , Ortega Francisco , Arenas Alex , Reyes Tomas , Rada Gabriel , Jorquera Jorge 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is associated with both pulmonary and extrapulmonary consequences. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is an effective treatment for pulmonary symptoms. However, it is not clear if CPAP modifies extrapulmonary symptoms, especially in the long term. To date, several studies addressing this issue have been performed, but the evidence is scattered across different reviews that address each outcome separately. Therefore, we will conduct an overview to assess and summarise all systematic reviews on the extrapulmonary effects of this intervention in patients with OSA.MethodsThis is a protocol for a systematic overview of reviews that will follow the guidelines from the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews of Interventions and PRISMA-P. We will conduct comprehensive literature searches using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, DARE and Epistemonikos. We will consider systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials evaluating the extrapulmonary effects of CPAP on OSA. Two reviewers will independently screen articles for inclusion using criteria that are determined a priori, assessing the quality of included reviews and extracting relevant information. We will create matrices of evidence in the Epistemonikos database, including all systematic reviews addressing a similar question and all studies addressing the question in those reviews. We will try to explain why studies are not included in individual reviews using the inclusion criteria, and we will estimate the overlap between different reviews in the same matrix of evidence.Ethics and disseminationThis review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberCRD42014013036
Efficacy of non-invasive ventilation and oxygen therapy on immunocompromised patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Li Zongru , Wang Tao , Yang Yi , Zhang Lixi , Wang Meng , Liu Gang , He Kun , Shi Juhong , He Jianqiang , Ma Yong , Li Yi , Zhu Huadong , Yu Xuezhong 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThe number of immunocompromised patients has increased in recent years. Acute respiratory failure is a common complication leading to intensive care unit (ICU) admission and high mortality among such patients. The use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or oxygen therapy among these patients remains controversial, according to the inconsistent results of several randomised clinical trials (RCTs). This meta-analysis aims to evaluate whether NIV or oxygen therapy is the more appropriate initial oxygenation strategy for the immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure.MethodWe will search all the RCTs that compared the efficacy of NIV and oxygen therapy on immunocompromised adult patients with acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure on the major databases (Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and others), conference proceedings and grey literature. Eligible RCTs will be included in accordance with the pre-specified eligibility criteria. The risk of bias will be assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration criteria and the quality of evidence will be assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation system. Data will be extracted with a standardised form and analysed using RevMan V.5.3 analyses software. Heterogeneity will be assessed using I2statistic and the source of which will be investigated. Publication bias will be identified with the funnel plot.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required since it is not carried out in humans. The systematic review will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated extensively through conferences.
What techniques might be used to harness placebo effects in non-malignant pain? A literature review and survey to develop a taxonomy
Authors: Bishop Felicity L , Coghlan Beverly , Geraghty Adam WA , Everitt Hazel , Little Paul , Holmes Michelle M , Seretis Dionysis , Lewith George 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesPlacebo effects can be clinically meaningful but are seldom fully exploited in clinical practice. This review aimed to facilitate translational research by producing a taxonomy of techniques that could augment placebo analgesia in clinical practice.DesignLiterature review and survey.MethodsWe systematically analysed methods which could plausibly be used to elicit placebo effects in 169 clinical and laboratory-based studies involving non-malignant pain, drawn from seven systematic reviews. In a validation exercise, we surveyed 33 leading placebo researchers (mean 12 yearsâ€™ research experience, SD 9.8), who were asked to comment on and add to the draft taxonomy derived from the literature.ResultsThe final taxonomy defines 30 procedures that may contribute to placebo effects in clinical and experimental research, proposes 60 possible clinical applications and classifies procedures into five domains: the patientâ€™s characteristics and belief (5 procedures and 11 clinical applications), the practitionerâ€™s characteristics and beliefs (2 procedures and 4 clinical applications), the healthcare setting (8 procedures and 13 clinical applications), treatment characteristics (8 procedures and 14 clinical applications) and the patientâ€“practitioner interaction (7 procedures and 18 clinical applications).ConclusionThe taxonomy provides a preliminary and novel tool with potential to guide translational research aiming to harness placebo effects for patient benefit in practice.
A prospective study on the variation in falling and fall risk among community-dwelling older citizens in 12 European countries
Authors: Franse Carmen B , Rietjens Judith AC , Burdorf Alex , van Grieken Amy , Korfage Ida J , van der Heide Agnes , Mattace Raso Francesco , van Beeck Ed , Raat Hein 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThe rate of falling among older citizens appears to vary across different countries, but the underlying aspects causing this variation are unexplained. We aim to describe between-country variation in falling and explore whether intrinsic fall risk factors can explain possible variation.DesignProspective study on data from the cross-national Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE).SettingTwelve European countries (Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland).ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling persons aged ≥65 years (n=18 596).MeasurementsSocio-demographic factors (age, gender, education level and living situation) and intrinsic fall risk factors (less than good self-rated health (SRH), mobility limitations, limitations with activities of daily living (ADL), dizziness, impaired vision, depression and impaired cognition) were assessed in a baseline interview. Falling was assessed 2 years later by asking whether the participant had fallen within the 6 months prior to the follow-up interview.ResultsThere was significant between-country variation in the rate of falling (varying from 7.9% in Switzerland to 16.2% in the Czech Republic). The prevalence of intrinsic fall risk factors varied twofold to fourfold between countries. Associations between factors age ≥80 years, less than good SRH, mobility limitations, ADL limitations, dizziness and depression, and falling were different between countries (p<0.05). Between-country differences in falling largely persisted after adjusting for socio-demographic differences but strongly attenuated after adjusting for differences in intrinsic fall risk factors.ConclusionThere is considerable variation in the rate of falling between European countries, which can largely be explained by between-country variation in the prevalence of intrinsic fall risk factors. There are also country-specific variations in the association between these intrinsic risk factors and falling. These findings emphasise the importance of addressing intrinsic fall risk in (inter)national fall-prevention strategies, while highlighting country-specific priorities.
Using Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) to promote quality of care and safety in the management of patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney disease (PRO-trACK project): a mixed-methods project protocol
Authors: Aiyegbusi Olalekan Lee , Kyte Derek , Cockwell Paul , Marshall Tom , Dutton Mary , Slade Anita , Marklew Neil , Price Gary , Verdi Rav , Waters Judi , Sharpe Keeley , Calvert Melanie 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionAdvanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a major effect on the quality of life and health status of patients and requires accurate and responsive management. The use of electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) could assist patients with advanced pre-dialysis CKD, and the clinicians responsible for their care, by identifying important changes in symptom burden in real time. We report the protocol for ‘Using Patient-Reported Outcome measures (PROMs) to promote quality of care and safety in the management of patients with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease’ (PRO-trACK) project, which will explore the feasibility and validity of an ePROM system for use in patients with advanced CKD.Methods and analysisThe project will use a mixed-methods approach in three studies: (1) usability testing of the ePROM system involving up to 30 patients and focusing on acceptability and technical performance/stability; (2) ascertaining the views of patient and clinician stakeholders on the optimal use and administration of the CKD ePROM system—this will involve qualitative face-to-face/telephone interviewing with up to 30 patients or until saturation is achieved, focus groups with up to 15 clinical staff, management and IT team members; (3) psychometric assessment of the system, within a cohort of at least 180 patients with advanced CKD, to establish the measurement properties of the ePROM.Ethics and disseminationThis project was approved by the West Midlands Edgbaston Research Ethics Committee (Reference 17/WM/0010) and received Health Research Authority (HRA) approval on 24 February 2017.The findings from this project will be provided to clinicians at the Department of Renal Medicine, Queen Elizabeth Hospitals, Birmingham (QEHB), NHS England, presented at conferences and to the Kidney Patients’ Association, British Kidney Patient Association and the British Renal Society. Articles based on the findings will be written and submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
Corticosteroids in sepsis: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis (protocol)
Authors: Rochwerg Bram , Oczkowski Simon , Siemieniuk Reed Alexander , Menon Kusum , Szczeklik Wojciech , English Shane , Agoritsas Thomas , Belley-Cote Emilie , D’Aragon Frédérick , Alhazzani Waleed , Duan Erick , Gossack-Keenan Kira , Sevransky Jon , Vandvik Per , Venkatesh Bala , Guyatt Gordon , Annane Djillali 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionSepsis is associated with a dysregulated host response to infection and impaired endogenous corticosteroid metabolism. As such, therapeutic use of exogenous corticosteroids is a promising adjunctive intervention. Despite a large number of trials examining this research question, uncertainty persists regarding the effect of corticosteroids on survival in sepsis. Several large randomised controlled trials have been published recently prompting a re-evaluation of the available literature.Methods and analysisA rigorous and reproducible search and screening process from a Cochrane review on the same topic was comprehensive to October 2014. We will search MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, the Cochrane trial registry and clinicaltrials.gov for eligible randomised controlled trials investigating the use of corticosteroids in patients with sepsis from September 2014. Outcomes have been chosen by a semi-independent guideline panel, created in the context of a parallelBMJRapid Recommendation on the topic. This panel includes clinicians, content experts, methodologists and patient representatives, who will help identify patient-important outcomes that are critical for deciding whether to use or not use corticosteroids in sepsis. Two reviewers will independently screen and identify eligible studies; a third reviewer will resolve any disagreements. We will use RevMan to pool effect estimates from included studies for each outcome using a random-effect model. We will present the results as relative risk with 95% CI for dichotomous outcomes and as mean difference or standardised mean difference for continuous outcomes with 95% CI. We will assess the certainty of evidence at the outcome level using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. We will conduct a priori subgroup analyses, which have been chosen by the parallelBMJRapid Recommendation panel.Ethics and disseminationThe aim of this systematic review is to summarise the updated evidence on the efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in patients with sepsis.Trial registration numberCRD42017058537.
Efficacy evaluation of an anti-caries varnish: protocol for a phase II randomised controlled trial
Authors: Milgrom Peter , Tut Ohnmar , Rothen Marilynn , Mancl Lloyd , Gallen Marcelle , Tanzer Jason M 
Published: July 2017

IntroductionDental caries (tooth decay) is a common disease in which the products of sugar metabolism by certain bacteria that populate the tooth surface induce the development and progression of lesions (cavities). This is a phase II single-centre randomised, double-blind, active-controlled, parallel-group trial to assess the efficacy of a combination povidone iodine and sodium fluoride dental varnish to determine if it is superior to a varnish containing only sodium fluoride in the prevention of new caries lesions. The objective of this report is to describe the rationale and protocol for the trial.Methods and analysisThe study site is Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia. The study population is 284 children 48–84 months old. The primary outcome will be the surface-level primary molar caries increment (d2-3mfs/DMFS) at 2 years post baseline. The incremental dental caries at 1 year will also be compared between the two interventions. The secondary outcome is the Facial Image Scale after the initial treatment and after the fifth treatment at 1 year that gauges the child’s response to the treatment.Ethics and disseminationThe Western Institutional Review Board (designated IRB) and the Institutional Review Board of the College of Micronesia-FSM approved all study procedures. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued IND 128835 covering this study. The study results will be published and submitted to the FDA in support of a new drug application.Trialregistration numberNCT03082196.