bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of attitudes toward and experiences with animal abuse encounters in a convenience sample of US veterinarians
Authors: Kogan Lori R. , Schoenfeld-Tacher Regina M. , Hellyer Peter W. , Rishniw Mark , Ruch-Gallie Rebecca A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To survey practicing veterinarians regarding their perceptions of and experiences with cases of suspected or confirmed animal abuse and related state laws.
DESIGN Cross-sectional study.
POPULATION Members of the Veterinary Information Network (VIN; n = 34,144) who were in veterinary practice at the time of the survey.
PROCEDURES A survey was designed and distributed online to all VIN members from January 26 to February 28, 2015. Responses were compiled, and binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors that influenced decisions or perceptions regarding animal abuse encounters and related legislation.
RESULTS 1,209 completed surveys were received (3.5% response rate); 1,155 (95.5%) surveys were submitted by currently practicing veterinarians. One thousand five (87.0%) practicing veterinarians reported having encountered at least 1 case of animal abuse while in practice; 561 (55.8%) of these veterinarians indicated that they had reported at least 1 case. The most common reasons selected for reporting abuse were to protect the animal, ethical beliefs, and to protect other animals in the household. The most common reasons selected for not reporting the abuse were uncertainty that the animal had been abused, belief that client education would be better, and belief that the injury or illness was accidental versus intentional. Most respondents were unaware of the current status of laws in their state regarding animal abuse reporting.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested a need for state and national veterinary and humane-law enforcement organizations to increase communication and education efforts on recognition and reporting by veterinarians of animal abuse and the related laws.
An Approach for Image Copyright Protection by using Walsh Hadamard Method
Authors: Gupta Manish Kumar , Pant Dibakar Raj 
Published: March 2017

Protecting copyrighted image from abuse, misuse and piracy is being critical day by day. Digital image Copyright Protection is considered as a solution to prevent the piracy of original image data. In this article, the authors propose copyright protection method using the well-known Walsh Hadamard transformation along with discrete wavelet transformation and singular value decomposition to achieve robust and imperceptible copyrighted image. The optimum scaling factor which decides the strength of signature image to be embedded is obtained at 0.3. The proposed article ensures imperceptibility of copyrighted image which is determined by Peak signal to noise ratio value greater than 35dB. Normalized Correlation value nearly equals to 0.9999 provides robustness against different attacks such as image cropping, rotations and noise on copyrighted image. Journal of the Institute of Engineering, 2016, 12(1): 162-168
Diversität elterlicher Einstellungen und vorschulischer Lernerfahrungen – Ein Vergleich deutscher und zugewanderter Familien aus der Türkei, Russland und Polen
Authors: Leyendecker Birgit , Citlak Banu , Schräpler Jörg-Peter , Schölmerich Axel 
Published: March 2017

The aim of the present study was to identify differences in children's preschool experiences in relation to their parents' educational and cultural backgrounds (N = 3.960). 39 percent of the participating children grew up in immigrant families. Results indicate that the relationship between parents’ education and attitudes, and children's learning opportunities was visible among members of all groups, albeit to different degrees. Children from immigrant families were more likely to watch more TV and less likely to participate in extracurricular activities and reading. Their parents were more likely to expect the kindergarten to be responsible for children’s education and schools to be responsible for teaching discipline to children. Kindergarten participation was high in all groups, yet immigrant children who had mothers with little education were most likely to attend kindergarten for two years or less. Policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Zusammenfassung
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Untersuchung der bildungsrelevanten Vorerfahrungen von Schulanfängern (N = 3.960) im Hinblick auf den kulturellen Hintergrund und die Bildung ihrer Eltern. 39 Prozent der befragten Eltern hatten einen Migrationshintergrund. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Schulbildung der Eltern und ihren Einstellungen sowie den Lerngelegenheiten für ihre Kinder war in allen Gruppen erkennbar, wenn auch in unterschiedlicher Ausprägung. Kinder aus zugewanderten Familien sahen insgesamt mehr fern, ihre Eltern maßen dem Vorlesen weniger Bedeutung bei und die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass sie an extracurricularen Aktivitäten teilnahmen, war geringer. Ihre Eltern erwarteten eine höhere Übernahme von Verantwortung für Bildung von den Kindergärten sowie für Disziplin von den Schulen. Fast alle Kinder besuchten eine Kindertagesstätte, jedoch war die Wahrscheinlichkeit eines verkürzten Besuchs von maximal zwei Jahren am höchsten bei Kindern aus zugewanderten Familien mit geringer elterlicher Schulbildung. Die Ergebnisse werden im Hinblick auf Empfehlungen diskutiert.
Der Zusammenhang von Partnermarktopportunitäten aus dem Freundeskreis und der Stabilität von Paarbeziehungen. Eine Analyse mit den Daten des Partnermarktsurvey
Authors: Häring Armando 
Published: March 2017

The empirical analysis in this paper focuses on the association between partner market opportunities from friendship networks and the stability of relationships. Following the theoretical framework of the theory of interaction, the exchange theory and the economic theory of the family, the paper discusses possible associations between common friends with the partner, partner market opportunities from friendship networks (sex ratio) and the stability of relationships. The paper also considers social differences in partner market opportunities from friendship networks, which can be assumed for men and women and for people with and without a common friendship network with their partner. Empirical evidences in this paper show that partner market opportunities from friendship networks stand in a negative association with the stability of relationships. However, social differences in partner market opportunities from friendship networks show no further results. A special data set for examining partner market opportunities (Partner Market Survey) is used for the empirical analysis in this paper.
Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag analysiert den Zusammenhang zwischen Partnermarktoportunitäten aus dem Freundeskreis und der Stabilität von Paarbeziehungen. Unter Verwendung des theoretischen Konzepts der Theorie der Interaktionsgelegenheiten sowie von Annahmen der Austauschtheorie und der Familienökonomie, werden mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen gemeinsamen Freundeskreisen mit dem Partner, Partnermarktgelegenheiten aus dem Freundeskreis (sex ratio) und der Stabilität von Paarbeziehungen diskutiert. Der Beitrag befasst sich daneben mit sozialen Unterschieden im Zugang zu Partnermarktgelegenheiten im Freundeskreis, die für Männer und Frauen und für Personen mit und ohne gemeinsamen Freundeskreis mit dem Partner bestehen können. Die Befunde zeigen, dass Partnermarktopportunitäten im Freundeskreis mit einer geringeren Beziehungsstabilität zusammenhängen. Soziale Unterschiede im Zugang zu Partnermarktgelegenheiten im Freundeskreis tragen dagegen nicht zu der Erklärung der Beziehungsstabilität bei. Als Datengrundlage für die empirische Analyse wird der Partnermarktsurvey verwendet, der speziell dazu verwendet werden kann, Partnermarktopportunitäten zu beschreiben.
Effects of Grain Growth on Molecular Abundances in Young Stellar Objects
Authors: Harada Nanase , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Aikawa Yuri , Hirashita Hiroyuki , Liu Haoyu Baobab , Hirano Naomi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Recent observations suggested that the growth of dust grains may have already occurred in class 0/I young stellar objects (YSOs). Since chemical reactions on dust grain surfaces are important in determining molecular abundances, the dust size growth may affect chemical compositions in YSOs significantly. In this work, we aim to determine how grain growth affects chemical abundances. We use a time-dependent gas-grain chemical model for a star-forming core to calculate the gas-phase and grain-surface chemical abundances with variation of surface areas of grains to imitate grain growth. We also perform parameter studies in which the initial molecular abundances vary. Our results show that a smaller extent of the surface areas caused by grain growth changes the dominant form of sulfur-bearing molecules by decreasing H2S abundances and increasing SO and/or SO2 abundances. We also find that complex organic molecules such as CH3CN decrease in abundances with larger grain sizes, while the abundance of other species such as CH3OCH3 is dependent on other parameters such as the initial conditions. Comparisons with observations of a class 0 protostar, IRAS 16293-2422, indicate that the observed abundance ratios between sulfur-bearing molecules H2S, SO, and SO2 can be reproduced very well when dust grains grow to a maximum grain size of a
max = 10–100 μm.
Constraints on Bygone Nucleosynthesis of Accreting Neutron Stars
Authors: Meisel Zach , Deibel Alex 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Nuclear burning near the surface of an accreting neutron star produces ashes that, when compressed deeper by further accretion, alter the star’s thermal and compositional structure. Bygone nucleosynthesis can be constrained by the impact of compressed ashes on the thermal relaxation of quiescent neutron star transients. In particular, Urca cooling nuclei pairs in nuclear burning ashes that cool the neutron star crust via neutrino emission from

-capture/

-decay cycles and provide signatures of prior nuclear burning over the ∼century timescales it takes to accrete to the

-capture depth of the strongest cooling pairs. Using crust cooling models of the accreting neutron star transient MAXI J0556-332, we show that this source likely lacked Type I X-ray bursts and superbursts ≳120 years ago. Reduced nuclear physics uncertainties in rp-process reaction rates and

-capture weak transition strengths for low-lying transitions will improve nucleosynthesis constraints using this technique.
Comparison of rectal and tympanic membrane temperature in healthy exercising dogs
Authors: Hall E.J. , Carter A.J. 
Published: March 2017

The ability to monitor body temperature in athletes at risk of hyperthermia is essential in all species. Currently, the only commonly accepted temperature monitoring site in dogs is the rectum. This is impractical in field situations as it takes time, requires additional handlers to restrain the dog and is not tolerated by all animals. Tympanic membrane temperature (TMT) monitoring may provide a rapid measure of body temperature to facilitate identification of heat stress and heat stroke in canine athletes. In human studies, TMT diverges from rectal temperature (RT) as body temperature increases during exercise induced hyperthermia so is not recommended for monitoring human athletes. If the same divergence occurs in dogs, TMT may not be suitable for use when monitoring the temperature of canine athletes. The aim of the study was to determine if TMT diverged from RT following exercise in healthy dogs. 24 healthy dogs were recruited to the study. Body temperature was measured using a veterinary auricular infrared thermometer to record TMT and an electric predictive rectal thermometer. Temperatures were recorded pre- and post-exercise in a non-clinical setting, familiar to the dogs. The mixed model approach showed that exercise had no effect on the difference between RT and TMT (F(1,201)=0.026,P=0.872). The overall mean difference of RT minus TMT was 0.39 °C (n=116). 68.4% of readings fell within the accepted 0.5 °C difference in temperature recording method. In line with previously reported TMT to RT comparison studies in dogs, this study found that TMT measured consistently lower than RT. Using a correction factor of 0.4 °C minimised the difference. The hypothesis that dogs would show greater differences between TMT and RT following exercise was not supported, suggesting that TMT could be used to monitor body temperature in exercising dogs where RT is not possible.
Nursing Student Preference for Block Versus Nonblock Clinical Models
Authors: Rohatinsky Noelle , Chachula Kathryn , Compton Roslyn M. , Sedgwick Monique , Press Madeline M. , Lane Brenda 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Clinical experiences are essential in undergraduate nursing student education to develop professionalism and integrate theory into practice. However, little evidence is available to guide curricular planners in determining the appropriate and effective use of different clinical models in nursing education.

Method:
Nursing students and four schools of nursing in two western Canadian provinces participated in this descriptive exploratory study examining student preference for clinical models. Thematic analysis of qualitative data addressed two research questions: What type of clinical model is preferred by nursing students? and How does clinical structure influence nursing students' perceived learning?

Results:
Nonblock clinical practice is preferred by students with respect to a balanced lifestyle, concurrent integration of theory and practice, and critical reflection, whereas the block model is preferred for assimilation, consolidation, and socialization.

Conclusion:

Integration of both clinical models is recommended within undergraduate nursing curricula, as each model can facilitate student learning. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(3):152–157.]
Shifting Our Focus to Support the Educational Journey of Underrepresented Students
Authors: Alicea-Planas Jessica 
Published: March 2017

Background:
The racial and ethnic distribution of RNs has been unable to keep pace with the growth seen in minority populations. Although nursing schools have recognized the need to increase the number of underrepresented students entering the profession, significant challenges with retention and graduation exist. Guided by Tinto's student integrative model, this study not only sought to understand why students leave, but also to identify what helps them persist.

Method:
A phenomenological approach was used to understand the lived experience of 10 Hispanic nursing students at a Jesuit university in the northeastern United States.

Results:
Three main themes emerged: Journey Into the Unknown, Creating a Culture of Acceptance, and Keeping on Course in Uncharted Territory.

Conclusion:

Although these students did describe feeling unprepared, a primary concern was not experiencing a connectedness or welcoming environment within their campus community. In addition to the academic and financial supports provided, shifting focus and targeting campus climate may help underrepresented students to be more successful. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(3):159–163.]
Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) for Hyperopia: Optical Zone Centration
Authors: Reinstein Dan Z. , Pradhan Kishore R. , Carp Glenn I. , Archer Timothy J. , Gobbe Marine , Sekundo Walter , Khan Raynan , Citron Kim , Dhungana Purushottam 
Published: March 2017

PURPOSE:
To evaluate optical zone centration of hyperopic small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

METHODS:
This prospective study of 60 consecutive hyperopic SMILE procedures used the VisuMax femtosecond laser and matched LASIK procedures with the VisuMax and MEL 80 excimer lasers (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany). Inclusion criteria were maximum attempted hyperopic meridian of between +1.00 and +7.00 diopters (D) and astigmatism up to 6.00 D. For SMILE, the optical zone was between 6.3 and 6.7 mm, with a 2-mm transition zone. Two LASIK control groups (6.5- and 7-mm optical zone) were generated matched for spherical equivalent treated. In SMILE, the corneal vertex of the coaxially fixating eye was aligned with the vertex of the curved contact glass. In LASIK, the treatment was centered on the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex (first Purkinje image) with the contralateral eye (Seiler method). A tangential (instantaneous) curvature preoperative to 3 months postoperative difference map was generated for each eye. A fixed grid and set of concentric circles were superimposed on the difference map to measure the offset between the optical zone center and corneal vertex (0,0), and vector analysis was used for comparative analysis.

RESULTS:

Mean attempted spherical equivalent was +5.61 ± 0.96 D (range: +3.20 to +6.50 D) and mean cylinder was −0.96 ± 0.62 D (range: 0.00 to −2.75 D) in the SMILE group. Mean age was 29 ± 7 years (range: 19 to 52 years) in the SMILE group. Mean centration offset was 0.23 ± 0.15 mm (range: 0 to 0.61 mm) for the SMILE group, 0.33 ± 0.14 mm (range: 0.14 to 0.85 mm) for the 6.5-mm LASIK group, and 0.31 ± 0.19 mm (range: 0.05 to 0.85 mm) for the 7-mm LASIK group. The mean centration offset for SMILE was less than that of both LASIK groups (
P
< .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Optical zone centration of hyperopic SMILE was found to be similar to eye-tracker–centered hyperopic LASIK with the MEL 80 laser.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(3):150–156.]
The Effect of Lens Sphere and Cylinder Power on Residual Astigmatism and Its Resolution After Toric Intraocular Lens Implantation
Authors: Berdahl John P. , Hardten David R. , Kramer Brent A. , Potvin Richard 
Published: March 2017

PURPOSE:
To analyze correlations between residual refractive cylinder (and its correction through lens reorientation) with the sphere and cylinder power of the toric intraocular lens (IOL) implanted.

METHODS:

An online toric back-calculator (
www.astigmatismfix.com
) allows users to input toric IOL planning data, along with postoperative IOL orientation and refractive results; these data are used to determine the optimal orientation of the IOL to reduce refractive astigmatism. This was a retrospective data analysis; aggregate historical data were extracted from this calculator to investigate the relationship between residual refractive astigmatism and IOL cylinder and sphere power.

RESULTS:

A total of 12,812 records, 4,619 of which included IOL sphere power, were available for analysis. There was no significant effect of sphere power on residual refractive astigmatism (
P
= .25), but lower IOL cylinder powers were associated with significantly lower residual refractive astigmatism (
P
< .05). The difference between the intended and ideal orientation was higher in the lower IOL cylinder power groups (
P
< .01). Overcorrection of astigmatism was significantly more likely with higher IOL cylinder power (
P
< .01), but not with sphere power (
P
= .33). Reorientation to correct residual refractive cylinder to less than 0.50 diopters (D) was more successful with IOL cylinder powers of 1.50 D or less (
P
< .01); IOL sphere power had no apparent effect.

CONCLUSIONS:
There were significant effects of IOL cylinder power on residual refractive astigmatism, the difference between intended and ideal orientation, the likelihood of overcorrection, and the likelihood of astigmatism reduction with lens reorientation. IOL sphere power appeared to have no such effects.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(3):157–162.]
Hep ! Stein
Authors: Albera François 
Published: March 2017

Une « actualité » française et internationale autour d’Epstein (colloques, publications, inédits) invite à revenir sur l’œuvre protéiforme du cinéaste qui est tout autant poète, essayiste, philosophe. C’est l’ouverture du fonds Epstein de la Cinémathèque française qui change désormais l’appréhension de cette œuvre et ouvre à de nouvelles approches. On en propose ici quelques-unes en complément des deux études de ce numéro en éclairant les rapports d’Epstein et du Dr Ramain, musicologue et esthéticien dont la correspondance, inédite, vient d’être versée au fonds de la Cinémathèque française ; en révélant, à partir des images mêmes du film les Bâtisseurs, un Epstein antifasciste ; en documentant les difficultés que rencontra le cinéaste théoricien après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale à publier et à se faire entendre, ignoré d’une nouvelle génération critique qui rejette « l’avant-garde » comme sa conception de la « machine » du cinéma.
Ivan le Superbe ou Mosjoukine en correspondance
Authors: Juan Myriam 
Published: March 2017

Cet article présente plusieurs lettres adressées à Ivan Mosjoukine en France dans les années 1920, aujourd’hui conservées dans les archives de l’acteur au RGALI à Moscou. Un premier ensemble épistolaire documente les démarches entreprises par Abel Gance, entre la fin de l’année 1923 et l’été 1924, pour convaincre la star d’interpréter le rôle-titre de son Napoléon. Un second a trait à la sortie d’Ivan Mosjoukine du Ciné-Club de France en 1925. Enfin, une lettre écrite par un ouvrier ébéniste en 1928 renseigne sur le pouvoir de séduction exercé par l’acteur sur le public et, par-delà, sur le rôle des vedettes dans la découverte et l’amour du cinéma. À travers ces documents se fait ainsi jour le statut singulier de celui que le critique Juan Arroy présentait à la fin de la décennie comme la « seule vedette mondiale du cinéma français ».
Characteristics of convective snow bands along the Swedish east coast
Authors: Jeworrek Julia , Wu Lichuan , Dieterich Christian , Rutgersson Anna 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Convective snow bands develop in response to a cold air outbreak from the continent or the frozen sea over the open water surface of lakes or seas. The comparatively warm water body triggers shallow convection due to increased heat and moisture fluxes. Strong winds can align with this convection into wind-parallel cloud bands, which appear stationary as the wind direction remains consistent for the time period of the snow band event, delivering enduring snow precipitation at the approaching coast. The statistical analysis of a dataset from an 11-year high-resolution atmospheric regional climate model (RCA4) indicated 4 to 7 days a year of moderate to highly favourable conditions for the development of convective snow bands in the Baltic Sea region. The heaviest and most frequent lake effect snow was affecting the regions of Gävle and Västervik (along the Swedish east coast) as well as Gdansk (along the Polish coast). However, the hourly precipitation rate is often higher in Gävle than in the Västervik region. Two case studies comparing five different RCA4 model setups have shown that the Rossby Centre atmospheric regional climate model RCA4 provides a superior representation of the sea surface with more accurate sea surface temperature (SST) values when coupled to the ice–ocean model NEMO as opposed to the forcing by the ERA-40 reanalysis data. The refinement of the resolution of the atmospheric model component leads, especially in the horizontal direction, to significant improvement in the representation of the mesoscale circulation process as well as the local precipitation rate and area by the model.
A dramaturgia da commedia dell’arte na busca de um teatro contemporâneo
Authors: Monteiro Rabelo Carlos Afonso 
Published: March 2017

Resumo: Este artigo apresenta uma proposta de criação em teatro contemporâneo, tendo por base a dramaturgia da commedia dell'arte, representados por dois autores italianos, Flaminio Scala, Carlo Goldoni e um brasileiro, Ariano Suassuna, que empregaram alguns procedimentos criativos que aqui serão discutidos, tendo por foco, respectivamente, as peças Il finto marito (O marido fingido) de 1619, O servidor de dois patrões de 1746, e O casamento suspeitoso de 1961. Ao basear suas peças na cultura popular, e no fruto do trabalho da improvisação teatral realizada por grupos de atores, esses dramaturgos indicam caminhos para a criação de nova dramaturgia, que não se limitam apenas à gênese de texto via texto, incluindo também o trânsito entre cena e novo texto. Palavras-chave: commedia dell'arte; dramaturgia; improvisação.