bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creative Mindsets and Their Affective and Social Consequences: A Latent Class Approach
Authors: Puente‐Diaz Rogelio , Cavazos‐Arroyo Judith 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn two studies, we tested the conceptualization of creative mindsets as latent classes, and examined several social and affective consequences of class membership. Business students completed a battery of questionnaires assessing creative personal identity, creative mindsets, social comparisons, pride, gratitude, anger, and sadness. Results from study 1 showed the presence of four latent classes: those holding low levels of both mindsets, those holding high levels of both mindsets, those holding high levels of a growth and low levels of a fixed mindset, and those holding medium levels of a growth and relative high levels of a fixed mindset. The latent class with low levels of both mindsets, growth and fixed, showed the lowest levels of creative personal identity. The latent class characterized by holding high levels of a fixed and growth mindset reported the highest tendency to use social comparison as a way of judging the quality of business ideas. Results from study 2 showed a similar four‐class solution. The low fixed and low growth creative mindset class showed the lowest levels of creative personal identity, higher levels of sadness and lower levels of pride and gratitude than some of the other classes.
Reconstruction of extensive thoracic wall defect using the external oblique myocutaneous flap: An analysis on 20 Chinese patients with locally advanced soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Wang Chun‐meng , Zhang Ruming , Luo Peng , Wu Zhiqiang , Zheng Biqiang , Chen Yong , Shi Yingqiang 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundSoft tissue sarcomas are rare neoplasms that can occur in the thoracic wall, abdominal wall, extremities, and inguinal region. Wide local resection, with precise histological margin control, results in large skin defects that are challenging to close. Various repair procedures, such as vertical rectus abdominis flaps (VRAM), latissimus dorsi flaps, and tensor fascia lata (TFL) flaps are used to cover broad thoracic wall defects. Although the cosmetic reconstruction results of using these flaps are often excellent, each has significant drawbacks. The external oblique musculocutaneous flap is a simple and safe surgical procedure for covering thoracic wall defects.ObjectiveThis study aimed to retrospectively assess the safety and technique of using the external oblique musculocutaneous flap to cover large thoracic wall defects after radical excision of locally advanced sarcomas in 20 patients at a single institution.MethodFrom January 2006 to December 2016, 20 Chinese patients with large advanced sarcomas on their trunks received wide local resection, with precise histological negative margins. The external oblique musculocutaneous flap, mobilized from the ipsilateral abdominal wall, was harvested to cover broad thoracic wall defects.ResultsAmong the 20 sarcoma patients (12 females and 8 males, ranging in age from 25 to 73 years), there were five patients with primary tumors and 15 patients with recurrent tumors. The median tumor diameter was approximately 15.3 cm. After excising the lesion, the median time to cover the defect with the external oblique myocutaneous flap was 66 min. The average blood loss when harvesting the flap was approximately 48 mL. For the 20 patients in our cohort, the external oblique flap achieved closure of defects measuring an average area of 256 cm2. No other flaps or reconstruction techniques were used to cover the large defects in this study. There were no deaths directly related to the flap reconstruction procedures.ConclusionThe external oblique musculocutaneous flap was a safe and reliable method of covering broad thoracic wall defects after radical tumor excision.
Online hyphenation of extraction, Sephadex LH‐20 column chromatography, and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography: A highly efficient strategy for the preparative separation of andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata in a single step
Authors: Zhang Ying‐Qi , Wang Shan‐Shan , Han Chao , Xu Jin‐Fang , Luo Jian‐Guang , Kong Ling‐Yi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA novel isolation strategy, online hyphenation of ultrasonic extraction, Sephadex LH‐20 column chromatography combined with high‐speed countercurrent chromatography, was developed for pure compounds extraction and purification. Andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata was achieved only in a single step purification protocol via the present strategy. The crude powder was ultrasonic extracted and extraction was pumped into Sephadex LH‐20 column directly to cut the nontarget fractions followed by the second‐dimensional high‐speed countercurrent chromatography, hyphenated by a six‐port valve equipped at the post‐end of Sephadex LH‐20 column, for the final purification. The results yielded andrographolide with the amount of 1.02 mg and a purity of 98.5% in a single step, indicating that the present method is effective to harvest target compound from medicinal plant.
“One Scar Too Many:” The Associations Between Traumatic Events and Psychological Distress Among Undocumented Mexican Immigrants
Authors: Garcini Luz M. , Peña Juan M. , Gutierrez Angela P. , Fagundes Christopher P. , Lemus Hector , Lindsay Suzanne , Klonoff Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUndocumented immigration often presents with multiple stressors and contextual challenges, which may diminish mental health. This study is the first to provide population‐based estimates for the prevalence of traumatic events and its association to clinically significant psychological distress among undocumented Mexican immigrants in the United States. This cross‐sectional study used respondent‐driven sampling to obtain and analyze data from clinical interviews with 248 undocumented Mexican immigrants residing in high‐risk neighborhoods near the California‐Mexico border. Overall, 82.7% of participants reported a history of traumatic events, with 47.0% of these meeting the criteria for clinically significant psychological distress. After controlling for relevant covariates, having experienced material deprivation, odds ratio (OR) = 2.26, 95% CI [1.18, 4.31], p = .013, and bodily injury, OR = 2.96, 95% CI [1.50, 5.83], p = .002, and not having a history of deportation, OR = 0.36, 95% CI [0.17, 0.79], p = .011, were associated with clinically significant psychological distress. These results support the need to revisit health and immigration policies and to devise solutions grounded in empirical evidence aimed at preventing the negative effects of trauma and psychological distress in this population.
Coping Strategies as Moderators of the Association Between Combat Exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms
Authors: Britt Thomas W. , Adler Amy B. , Sawhney Gargi , Bliese Paul D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe present research examined selected coping strategies as moderators of the relationship between combat exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among service members who were deployed to Iraq (N = 2,023) and Afghanistan (N = 1,023). A three‐factor model of coping was confirmed for both military operations: positive emotion‐focused, self‐blame, and prayer/spirituality. Positive emotion‐focused coping was inversely associated with PTSD symptoms (r = −.14) and buffered service members from the negative effects of combat exposure in both Iraq (r2 = .01) and Afghanistan (r2 = .02). Self‐blame coping was positively associated with PTSD symptoms in both samples (Iraq, r = .36; Afghanistan, r = .29) but only magnified the relationship between combat exposure and PTSD symptoms among service members in Iraq (r2 = .01) . These findings were replicated when controlling for unit cohesion and symptoms of depression. Prayer/spirituality coping was not significantly associated with PTSD symptoms, regardless of combat exposure. Discussion focuses on how specific positive emotion‐focused coping strategies may be helpful for military personnel in combat operations given the uncontrollable and chaotic nature of the environment. Implications include providing training for deploying personnel that covers the use of these positive emotion‐focused coping strategies and the potential problems with self‐blame. Such training may also be suitable for other high‐risk occupations in which employees face uncontrollable situations.
Semi‐arid grassland bird responses to patch‐burn grazing and drought
Authors: Skagen Susan K. , Augustine David J. , Derner Justin D. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAs grassland birds of central North America experience steep population declines with changes in land use, management of remaining tracts becomes increasingly important for population viability. The integrated use of fire and grazing may enhance vegetation heterogeneity and diversity in breeding birds, but the subsequent effects on reproduction are unknown. We examined the influence of patch‐burn grazing management in shortgrass steppe in eastern Colorado on habitat use and reproductive success of 3 grassland bird species, horned lark (Eremophila alpestris), lark bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys), and McCown's longspur (Rhynchophanes mccownii), at several spatial scales during 2011 and 2012. Although no simple direct relationship to patch‐burn grazing treatment existed, habitat selection depended on precipitation‐ and management‐induced vegetation conditions and spatial scale. All species selected taller‐than‐expected vegetation at the nest site, whereas at the territory scale, horned larks and McCown's longspurs selected areas with low vegetation height and sparse cover of tall plants (taller than the dominant shortgrasses). Buntings nested primarily in unburned grassland under average rainfall. Larks and longspurs shifted activity from patch burns during average precipitation (2011) to unburned pastures during drought (2012). Daily survival rate (DSR) of nests varied with time in season, species, weather, and vegetation structure. Daily survival rate of McCown's longspur nests did not vary with foliar cover of relatively tall vegetation at the nest under average precipitation but declined with increasing cover during drought. At the 200‐m scale, increasing cover of shortgrasses, rather than taller plant species, improved DSR of larks and longspurs. These birds experience tradeoffs in the selection of habitat at different spatial scales: tall structure at nests may reduce visual detection by predators and provide protection from sun, wind, and rain, yet taller structure surrounding territories may host nest predators. Patch‐burn grazing management in combination with other strategies that retain taller‐structured vegetation may help sustain a diversity of breeding habitats for shortgrass birds under varying weather conditions. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Long‐term trends in fall age ratios of black brant
Authors: Ward David H. , Amundson Courtney L. , Stehn Robert A. , Dau Christian P. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAccurate estimates of the age composition of populations can inform past reproductive success and future population trajectories. We examined fall age ratios (juveniles:total birds) of black brant (Branta bernicla nigricans; brant) staging at Izembek National Wildlife Refuge near the tip of the Alaska Peninsula, southwest Alaska, USA, 1963 to 2015. We also investigated variation in fall age ratios associated with sampling location, an index of flock size, survey effort, day of season, observer, survey platform (boat‐ or land‐based) and tide stage. We analyzed data using logistic regression models implemented in a Bayesian framework. Mean predicted fall age ratio controlling for survey effort, day of year, and temporal and spatial variation was 0.24 (95% CL = 0.23, 0.25). Overall trend in age ratios was −0.6% per year (95% CL = −1.3%, 0.2%), resulting in an approximate 26% decline in the proportion of juveniles over the study period. We found evidence for variation across a range of variables implying that juveniles are not randomly distributed in space and time within Izembek Lagoon. Age ratios varied by location within the study area and were highly variable among years. They decreased with the number of birds aged (an index of flock size) and increased throughout September before leveling off in early October and declining in late October. Age ratios were similar among tide stages and observers and were lower during boat‐based (offshore) than land‐based (nearshore) surveys. Our results indicate surveys should be conducted annually during early to mid‐October to ensure the entire population is present and available for sampling, and throughout Izembek Lagoon to account for spatiotemporal variation in age ratios. Sampling should include a wide range of flock sizes representative of their distribution and occur in flocks located near and off shore. Further research evaluating the cause of declining age ratios in the fall population is necessary to inform management and predict long‐term population dynamics of brant. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Technical Note: Evaluation of an iterative reconstruction algorithm for optical CT radiation dosimetry
Authors: Dekker Kurtis H. , Battista Jerry J. , Jordan Kevin J. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeIterative CT reconstruction algorithms are gaining popularity as GPU‐based computation becomes more accessible. These algorithms are desirable in x‐ray CT for their ability to achieve similar image quality at a fraction of the dose required for standard filtered backprojection reconstructions. In optical CT dosimetry, the noise reduction capability of such algorithms is similarly desirable because noise has a detrimental effect on the precision of dosimetric analysis, and can create misleading test results. In this study, we evaluate an iterative CT reconstruction algorithm for gel dosimetry, with special attention to the challenging dosimetry of small fields.MethodsAn existing ordered subsets convex algorithm using total variation minimization regularization (OSC‐TV) was implemented. Three datasets, which represent the extreme cases of gel dosimetry, were examined: a large, 15 cm diameter uniform phantom, a 1.35 cm diameter finger phantom, and a 15 cm gel dosimeter irradiated with 3 × 3, 2 × 2, 1 × 1, and 0.6 × 0.6 cm fields. These were scanned on an in‐house scanning laser system, and reconstructed with both filtered backprojection and OSC‐TV with a range of regularization constants. The contrast to artifact + noise ratio (CANR) and penumbra width measurements (80% to 20% and 95% to 5% distances) were used to compare reconstructions.ResultsOur results showed that OSC‐TV can achieve 3–5× improvement in contrast to artifact + noise ratio compared to filtered backprojection, while preserving the shape of steep dose gradients. For very small objects (≤ 0.6 × 0.6 cm fields in a 16 × 16 cm field of view), the mean value in the center of the object can be suppressed if the regularization constant is improperly set, which must be avoided.ConclusionsOverall, the results indicate that OSC‐TV is a suitable reconstruction algorithm for gel dosimetry, provided care is taken in setting the regularization parameter when reconstructing objects that are small compared to the scanner field of view.
Bearing capacity of foundations on rock mass using the method of characteristics
Authors: Keshavarz Amin , Kumar Jyant 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe method of stress characteristics has been used for computing the ultimate bearing capacity of strip and circular footings placed on rock mass. The modified Hoek‐and‐Brown failure criterion has been used. Both smooth and rough footing‐rock interfaces have been modeled. The bearing capacity has been expressed in terms of nondimensional factors Nσ0 and Nσ, corresponding to rock mass with (1) γ = 0 and (2) γ ≠ 0, respectively. The numerical results have been presented as a function of different input parameters needed to define the Hoek‐and‐Brown criterion. Slip line patterns and the pressure distribution along the footing base have also been examined. The results are found to compare generally well with the reported solutions.
Multiple resistance to glyphosate, paraquat and ACCase‐inhibiting herbicides in Italian ryegrass populations from California: confirmation and mechanisms of resistance
Authors: Tehranchian Parsa , Nandula Vijay , Jugulam Mithila , Putta Karthik , Jasieniuk Marie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDGlyphosate, paraquat and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase)‐inhibiting herbicides are widely used in California annual and perennial cropping systems. Recently, glyphosate, paraquat, and ACCase‐ and acetolactate synthase (ALS)‐inhibitor resistance was confirmed in several Italian ryegrass populations from the Central Valley of California. This research characterized the possible mechanisms of resistance.RESULTSMultiple‐resistant populations (MR1, MR2) are resistant to several herbicides from at least three modes of action. Dose–response experiments revealed that the MR1 population was 45.9‐, 122.7‐ and 20.5‐fold, and the MR2 population was 24.8‐, 93.9‐ and 4.0‐fold less susceptible to glyphosate, sethoxydim and paraquat, respectively, than the susceptible (Sus) population. Accumulation of shikimate in Sus plants was significantly greater than in MR plants 32 h after light pretreatments. Glyphosate resistance in MR plants was at least partially due to Pro106‐to‐Ala and Pro106‐to‐Thr substitutions at site 106 of 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (EPSPS). EPSPS gene copy number and expression level were similar in plants from the Sus and MR populations. An Ile1781‐to‐Leu substitution in ACCase gene of MR plants conferred a high level of resistance to sethoxydim and cross‐resistance to other ACCase‐inhibitors. Radiolabeled herbicide studies and phosphorimaging indicated that MR plants had restricted translocation of 14C‐paraquat to untreated leaves compared to Sus plants.CONCLUSIONThis study shows that multiple herbicide resistance in Italian ryegrass populations in California, USA, is due to both target‐site and non‐target‐site resistance mechanisms. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Theorising new European youth mobilities
Authors: King Russell 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper's objective is to offer a range of appropriate theoretical formulations to better understand the unfolding dynamics and characteristics of new European youth migrations. After an extensive contextual introduction that sets the recent historical, institutional, and economic scene, the paper presents and critically evaluates the usefulness of five theoretical frameworks: (a) neoliberal “Single Market” economics and free movement of persons and labour; (b) the renewed relevance of the core–periphery model of spatial economic structure and resultant migration flows; (c) “liquid migration” and its defining ethos of “intentional unpredictability”; (d) the intersection of migration with “youth transitions”; and (e) the “lifestyle migration” approach.
Protective effect of Salvianolic acid A on ischaemia‐reperfusion acute kidney injury in rats through protecting against peritubular capillary endothelium damages
Authors: Zhang Zuokai , Qi Dong , Wang Xuekai , Gao Zhenfang , Li Peng , Liu Wenbo , Tian Xiao , Liu Yue , Yang Mingyan , Liu Ke , Fan Huaying 
Published: October 2017

Renal ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Peritubular capillary (PTC) endothelium damages are an important pathogenesis during I/R AKI. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) possesses various pharmacological activities. The study investigated whether SAA ameliorated I/R AKI through protecting against PTC endothelium damages. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups: control, sham, I/R, and I/R plus SAA (2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg) groups. Rats were subjected to bilateral renal pedicle clamping for 60 min, and killed at 24 hr after reperfusion. Kidney injury, PTC endothelium damages and factors affecting PTC endothelium were evaluated. SAA significantly decreased blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, and reduced urine kidney injury molecule‐1 concentration. Simultaneously, SAA alleviated histological damages, prevented PTC endothelium damages, preserved the density of PTC and improved renal hypoxia. Furthermore, SAA inhibited platelet activation, elevated Klotho protein expression and up‐regulated vascular endothelial growth factor A expression. Overall, SAA has protective effects on AKI induced by I/R. Preventing PTC endothelium damages and preserving PTC integrity to improve the renal hypoxia may be the ways for SAA to ameliorate AKI. All these indicate that SAA is likely to be a promising agent for AKI.
New CEOs and their collaborators: Divergence and convergence between the strategic leadership constellation and the top management team
Authors: Ma Shenghui , Seidl David 
Published: October 2017

Research Summary: An important challenge that new CEOs face is establishing a group of immediate collaborators, which we call the “strategic leadership constellation.” Drawing on a comparative case study, we show that due to constraints on the CEO to change the top management team (TMT), the composition of the strategic leadership constellation initially tends to differ from that of the TMT: in some cases, it consists of a subgroup of the TMT; in others, it also comprises individuals outside the TMT such as staff members or lower‐level managers. We show that the discrepancies between the strategic leadership constellation and the TMT lead to tensions that trigger a process of convergence between these two bodies, particularly as the constraints on TMT change decrease and the CEO's needs evolve.Managerial Summary: A major challenge that new CEOs face is establishing a group of close collaborators, which we call the “strategic leadership constellation.” Our study shows that due to different constraints on changing the executive team, the composition of the strategic leadership constellation initially tends to differ from that of the executive team: in some cases, it consists of a subgroup of the executive team; in others, it also comprises individuals outside the executive team, such as staff members or lower‐level managers. We show that the discrepancies between the strategic leadership constellation and the executive team lead to tensions that trigger a process of convergence between these two bodies, particularly as the constraints on changing the executive team decrease and the CEO's needs evolve.
Control of nonlinear shock waves propagation for isothermal Euler equations
Authors: Porubov Alexey , Bondarenkov Roman , Bouche Daniel , Fradkov Alexander 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe feedback control algorithm is applied to provide stable propagation of the shock waves for nonlinear isothermal Euler equations even if the desired profile and velocity of the wave do not correspond to their analytical solution. Also the control algorithm helps to suppress scheme oscillations on the shock wave solutions, this is studied on an example of the Lax‐Wendroff second‐order scheme.
Experiments in Life-Writing: Introduction
Authors: Novak Julia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe introduction outlines how writers of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries have extended the range of the biographical through formal innovations commonly associated with the fictional mode. It discusses the centrality of the fact/fiction dichotomy for an understanding of experimentation with auto/biographical form and its ethical implications. Distinguishing between experiments that negate and those that expand the premises of auto/biography, it surveys a range of generic terms from the field of life-writing research and examines the textual levels on which experiments have been conducted in modern auto/biographical narratives, also addressing the historicity of auto/biographical experimentation. The introduction concludes by outlining the individual chapters in the collection.