bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantum Sensing Unravels Antioxidant Efficacy Within PCL/Matrigel Skin Equivalents
Authors: Wu Xixi , Koch Marcus , Martínez Felipe P. Perona , Schirhagl Romana , Włodarczyk‐Biegun Małgorzata K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSkin equivalents (SE) that recapitulate biological and mechanical characteristics of the native tissue are promising platforms for assessing cosmetics and studying fundamental biological processes. Methods to achieve SEs with well‐organized structure, and ideal biological and mechanical properties are limited. Here, the combination of melt electrowritten PCL scaffolds and cell‐laden Matrigel to fabricate SE is described. The PCL scaffold provides ideal structural and mechanical properties, preventing deformation of the model. The model consists of a top layer for seeding keratinocytes to mimic the epidermis, and a bottom layer of Matrigel‐based dermal compartment with fibroblasts. The compressive modulus and the biological properties after 3‐day coculture indicate a close resemblance with the native skin. Using the SE, a testing system to study the damage caused by UVA irradiation and evaluate antioxidant efficacy is established. The effectiveness of Tea polyphenols (TPs) and L‐ascorbic acid (Laa) is compared based on free radical generation. TPs are demonstrated to be more effective in downregulating free radical generation. Further, T1 relaxometry is used to detect the generation of free radicals at a single‐cell level, which allows tracking of the same cell before and after UVA treatment.
Structural Modification Effect of Se‐doped Porous Carbon for Hydrogen Evolution Coupled Selective Electrooxidation of Ethylene Glycol to Value‐added Glycolic Acid
Authors: Jang Daehee , Park Minseon , Maeng Junbeom , Ha Jungseub , Choi Sehun , Kim Nayeon , Seo Min Ho , Kim Won Bae 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) has attracted attention because ethylene glycol (EG), which exhibits large‐scale production and a low market price, can be reformed into valuable glycolic acid (GCA) with the cogeneration of high‐purity hydrogen gas during the reaction. In this study, a noble catalyst material of Pt nanoparticles supported on Se‐doped porous carbon (Pt/SePC) is prepared and investigated for the selective electrochemical oxidation of EG to GCA. Pt/SePC achieved a maximum EG conversion of 94.6% and GCA selectivity of 84.4% and maintained this high performance with negligible degradation during durability tests. Furthermore, the EGOR required lower overpotential rather than the oxygen evolution reaction, thus the EGOR coupled with the hydrogen evolution reaction can reduce the cell overpotential to 0.60 V, which is much lower than that of water electrolysis (1.58 V). The effect of Se doping is investigated through experimental analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, and they shows that Se modified the binding energy of Pt nanoparticles and the adsorption energy of reactants by lattice deformation and charge density modification. This study provides scientific insights and strategies for electrocatalyst design for the selective oxidation of polyols to value‐added chemicals via the cogeneration of hydrogen gas.
Plasma‐Constructed Co2P–Ni2P Heterointerface for Electro‑Upcycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic to Co‐Produce Hydrogen and Formate
Authors: Zhang Jingsen , Zhang Xiuling , Shi Chuan , Yu Xinyao , Zhou Yitong , Di Lanbo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntegrating electrochemical upcycling of polyethylene‐terephthalate (PET) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is an energy‐saving approach for electrolytic hydrogen (H2) production, along with the coproduction of formate. Herein, a novel and rapid strategy of cold plasma phosphating is employed to synthesize Co2P–Ni2P heterointerface decorated on carbon cloth (Co2P‐Ni2P/CC) to catalyze H2 generation and reform PET. Notably, the obtained Co2P–Ni2P/CC exhibits eminent ethylene glycol oxidation reaction (EGOR) and HER activities, effectuating low potentials of merely 1.300 and −0.112 V versus RHE at 100 mA cm−2 for the EGOR and HER, respectively, also attaining an ultralow cell bias of 1.300 V at 10 mA cm−2 for EG oxidation assisted‐water splitting. DFT and characterization results validate that the as‐formed built‐in electric fields in the Co2P–Ni2P heterointerface can accelerate electrons transfer and deepen structural self‐reconstruction, thereby boosting effectively water dissociation and ethylene glycol (EG) dehydrogenation. Impressively, coupling HER with PET‐derived EG‐to‐formate in a flow‐cell electrolyzer assembled with Co2P‐Ni2P/CC pair achieves an intriguing formate Faradaic efficiency of 90.6% and an extraordinary stable operation of over 70 h at 100 mA cm−2. The work exemplifies a facile and effective strategy for synthesizing metal phosphides electrocatalysts with extraordinary performance toward H2 generation of water splitting and recycling of PET.
In situ Synchrotron X‐ray Metrology Boosted by Automated Data Analysis for Real‐time Monitoring of Cathode Calcination
Authors: Dongol Ruhil , Mukherjee Arpan , Bai Jianming , van Dam Hubertus J. J. , Carbone Matthew R. , Abell E. Frits , Zhong Hui , Tayal Akhil , Ma Lu , Kahvecioglu Ozgenur , Pupek Krzysztof Z. , Lu Deyu , Rajan Krishna , Wang Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSynchrotron X‐ray‐based in situ metrology is advantageous for monitoring the synthesis of battery materials, offering high throughput, high spatial and temporal resolution, and chemical sensitivity. However, the rapid generation of massive data poses a challenge to on‐site, on‐the‐fly analysis needed for real‐time process monitoring. Here, a weighted lagged cross‐correlation (WLCC) similarity approach is presented for automated data analysis, which merges with in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction metrology to monitor the calcination process of the archetypal nickel‐based cathode, LiNiO2. The WLCC approach, incorporating variables that account for peak shifts and width changes associated with structural transformations, enables rapid extraction of phase progression within 10 seconds from tens of diffraction patterns. Details are captured, from initial precursors to intermediates and the final layered LiNiO2, providing information for agile on‐site adjustments during experiments and complementing post hoc diffraction analysis by offering insights into early‐stage phase nucleation and growth. Expanding this data‐powered platform paves the way for real time calcination process monitoring and control, which is pivotal to quality control in battery cathode manufacturing.
Chirality Detection in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Data Using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Seifert Tim J. , Stritzke Mandy , Kasten Peer , Möller Björn , Fingscheidt Tim , Etzkorn Markus , de Wolff Timo , Schlickum Uta 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEnantiospecific effects play an uprising role in chemistry and technical applications. Chiral molecular networks formed by self‐assembly processes at surfaces can be imaged by scanning probe microscopy (SPM). Low contrast and high noise in the topography map often interfere with the automatic image analysis using classical methods. The long SPM image acquisition times restrain Artificial Intelligence‐based methods requiring large training sets, leaving only tedious manual work, inducing human‐dependent errors and biased labeling. By generating realistic looking synthetic images, the acquisition of real datasets is avoided. Two state‐of‐the‐art object detection architectures are trained to localize and classify chiral unit‐cells in a regular molecular chiral network formed by self‐assembly of linear molecular bricks. The comparison of different architectures and datasets demonstrates that the training on purely synthetic data outperforms models trained using augmented datasets. A Faster R‐CNN model trained solely on synthetic data achieved an excellent mean average precision of 99% on real data. Hence this approach and the transfer to real data show high success, also highlighting the high robustness against experimental noise and different zoom levels across the full experimentally reasonable parameter range. The generalizability of this idea is demonstrated by achieving equally high performance on a different structure, too.
New Morphology Modifier Enables the Preparation of Ultra‐Long Platinum Nanowires Excluding Mo Component for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Performance
Authors: Hu Zhiwei , Yang Jiajia , Tang Lei , Jiang Haibo , Zhu Yihua , Li Ruijiu , Liu Cui , Shen Jianhua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe structural tailoring of Pt‐based catalysts into 1D nanowires for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR) has been a focus of research. Mo(CO)6 is commonly used as a morphological modifier to form nanowires, but it is found that it inevitably leads to Mo doping. This doping introduces unique electrochemical signals not seen in other Pt‐based catalysts, which can directly reflect the stability of the catalyst. Through experiments, it is demonstrated that Mo doping is detrimental to ORR performance, and theoretical calculations have shown that Mo sites that are inherently inactive also poison the ORR activity of the surrounding Pt. Therefore, a novel gas‐assisted technique is proposed to replace Mo(CO)6 with CO, which forms ultrafine nanowires with an order of magnitude increase in length, ruling out the effect of Mo. The catalyst performs at 1.24 A mgPt−1, 7.45 times greater than Pt/C, demonstrating significant ORR mass activity, and a substantial improvement in stability. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell using this catalyst provides a higher power density (0.7 W cm−2). This study presents a new method for the preparation of ultra‐long nanowires, which opens up new avenues for future practical applications of low‐Pt catalysts in PEMFC.
A vector‐valued ground motion intensity measure for base‐isolated buildings in far‐field regions
Authors: Güneş Necmettin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effects of the spectral acceleration at the superstructure first‐mode period on the isolator displacement are investigated for far‐field ground motions. For this purpose, two different base‐isolated models are subjected to 165 far‐field ground motions. It is demonstrated that considering the spectral acceleration at the superstructure first‐mode period, besides that at the effective period, improves the estimation accuracy of isolator displacement. ASCE 7‐22 modifies the scaling period range to consider the superstructure first mode period and proposes the new period range from the superstructure first‐mode period to the 1.25 times effective period. In the ASCE 7‐22, the same weight factor is used for the whole period range. However, the present study shows that adding the superstructure first‐mode related period range with appropriate weight factor to the effective period‐based scaling range decreases the dispersion of isolator displacement in the nonlinear response history analyses (NRH). Then, to overcome the spectral shape effects on the fragility curves, a vector‐valued intensity measure parameter is obtained by combining spectral acceleration at the effective period and reduced spectral acceleration at the superstructure first‐mode period. The optimum contribution factor for the spectral acceleration at the superstructure first‐mode period is defined as the ratio of the superstructure first‐mode period to the effective period. The article shows that the proposed parameter is efficient and sufficient to be used as an intensity measure for far‐field ground motions. Furthermore, regression analysis results indicate that this vector‐valued intensity measure parameter correlates well with the isolator displacement. Further, the article shows that using the proposed IM parameter in the fragility curves makes the collapse margin ratio of these curves less sensitive to the spectral shape of the selected ground motions.
In Utero and Lactational Exposure to an Environmentally Relevant Mixture of Phthalates Alters Hypothalamic Gene Expression and Sexual Preference in Rats
Authors: Curi Tatiana Zauer , Passoni Marcella Tapias , Tolouei Sara Emilia Lima , de Araújo Ramos Anderson Tadeu , de Almeida Samara Christina França , Romano Renata Marino , de Oliveira Jeane Maria , Dalsenter Paulo Roberto , Martino‐Andrade Anderson Joel 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSeveral phthalates, mainly used as plasticizers, are known for their adverse effects on the male genital system. Previously, we demonstrated that an environmentally relevant mixture of six antiandrogenic phthalates (PMix), derived from a biomonitoring study in pregnant Brazilian women, was able to disrupt the reproductive development in male rats. Experimental groups (control, 0.1, 0.5, and 500 mg PMix/kg/day) were established starting from the extrapolated human dose (0.1 mg/kg/day), followed by doses 5 times and 5000 times higher. Pregnant rats received daily oral gavage administration of either vehicle (control) or PMix from gestational day 13 to postnatal day 10. Here, we examined male and female offspring regarding changes in gene expression of key reproductive factors in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland at adulthood and conducted a battery of behavioral tests in males, including partner preference, sexual behavior, and male attractiveness tests. PMix induced some changes in mating‐related behavior in males, as demonstrated by the absence of preference for females against males and a higher number of penetrations up to ejaculation in the 0.5 dose group. PMix decreased Esr2 expression in the male hypothalamus across all three doses, and in females at mid and high doses in both the hypothalamus and pituitary. In male hypothalamus, we also observed decreased Kiss1 transcripts in these groups and a reduction in AR at the 0.5 dose group. In summary, our results provide further evidence that phthalates in a mixture, even at low doses, may exert cumulative effects on the structures underlying sexual behavior, which seems to be more sensitive than reproductive endpoints for the same experimental design.
Evaluating Health Risks Associated With Fluoride and Nitrate Contaminants in Drinking Water to Residents Living in the Chikkaballapur Taluk of Karnataka, India
Authors: Krishnappa Sridhara Malur , Channabasavaiah Sadashivaiah , Hanche Devendra , Ananda Kiran Dasalukunte , Muthanarasimha Aparna Puradahalli 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAddressing fluoride and nitrate contamination in groundwater is crucial for safeguarding public health. Fluoride contamination in groundwater can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis, along with potential neurotoxic effects. Nitrate contamination can lead to methemoglobinemia in infants and increase cancer risk due to the formation of nitrosamines. The major goal of this study was to examine groundwater quality in the Chickkaballapur urban (CBU) and Chikkaballapur rural (CBR) parts of the Chikkaballapur taluk (CBT), Karnataka, and to investigate the potential health hazards associated with the presence of fluoride and nitrate contaminants. Hazard quotient and total hazard index (THI) calculation methods, as suggested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, were used in the present study to evaluate non‐carcinogenic risks for individuals of various age categories, including men, women, and children (MWC). A total of 112 samples from rural areas and 41 samples from urban areas of Chikkaballapur taluk were collected during the post‐monsoon season. According to the study's findings, groundwater samples from CBU and CBR surpassed acceptable fluoride concentration limits by 41% and 40%, respectively, while samples from CBR exceeded acceptable nitrate limits by 17%, set by the Bureau of Indian Standards (1 mg/L for fluoride and 45 mg/L for nitrate). All CBU samples remained within the acceptable nitrate limits. The total non‐carcinogenic health risks for MWC ranged from 0.34 to 2.18, 0.40 to 2.58, and 0.46 to 2.95, respectively, for CBU, and from 0.16 to 6.51, 0.19 to 7.69, and 0.21 to 8.80, respectively, for CBR. Furthermore, a significant percentage of the groundwater samples that were collected in CBU (60.98%, 68.29%, and 75.61%) and CBR (48.21%, 62.50%, and 73.21%) exceeded the THI limit for MWC (THI = 1). Hence, based on the health risk assessment, it is evident that children in the study area have greater health risks than men and women.
A Multivariate Investigation of Groundwater Chemistry Data in Barak River Valley, South Assam, India
Authors: Barhai Akan , Das Suchismita 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study investigated seven physico‐chemical parameters (depth, pH, chloride, and hardness) and trace elements (arsenic [As], copper [Cu], and iron [Fe]) in the shallow aquifers of Barak River valley in Assam, India. All the physico‐chemical parameters were within the guideline value except pH; approximately 37.5% of the samples were below the guideline value (6.5–8.5). As ranged from 0 to 270 µg/L, Fe ranged from 1.43 to 61.03 mg/L, and Cu concentration ranged from 0 to 0.25 mg/L. All the samples for Fe, 83.33% for Cu and 70.84% for As were above the guideline value as prescribed by WHO or BIS. Further, the data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis (MSA), including principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), to investigate pollution sources. PCA identified three components, accounting for 72.42% of the total variance. The R‐mode CA identified two clusters, while the Q‐mode identified six clusters. The MSA results signified that human activities were more responsible than natural or geogenic processes for the deterioration of groundwater quality in the study area.
Macrophytes as Bioindicators of Heavy Metal Pollution in Belarusian Rivers
Authors: Zhukovskaya Natalia V. , Kavalchyk Nadzeya V. , Vlasov Boris P. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMacrophytes are well‐known for accumulating a large number of various substances, including metals, and they may consequently serve as biogeochemical indicators of aquatic system pollution. In general, the sequence of analyzed metal accumulation in river macrophytes is as follows (mg/kg): Mn (141) > Cu (2.53) > V (0.89) > Cr (0.70) > Pb (0.68) > Ni (0.23). Submersed species are conspicuous for their increased metal accumulation capacity, with statistically significant differences compared to other ecological groups. Among the aquatic plant genera examined (Potamogéton, Ceratophýllum, Elodea, Núphar, Butomus, Glycéria, and Spargánium), an increased capacity to accumulate Mn, Cu, and Pb is observed in all submersed macrophytes, while Cr, V, and Ni are particularly accumulated by Ceratophýllum and Elodea. Potamogéton has the largest range of V, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Cu variations. The overall bioaccumulation capability evaluated by the metal accumulation index was ordered as follows: Núphar (6.94) > Potamogéton (5.53) > Butomus (3.48) > Glycéria (2.86) > Spargánium (2.62) > Elodea (2.33) > Ceratophýllum (1.98). Bio‐accumulation factors (BAFs) (macrophytes/sediment) vary depending on the metal and macrophyte ecological groups. For submersed macrophytes, the sequence of BAFs is Mn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr > V. In the submersed plants of watercourses taken at the anthropogenic impact sites, the accumulation of Ni, V, Mn, Pb, and Cu is statistically significantly higher compared to those in natural conditions. Compositional data analysis has revealed such biogeochemical signatures of the anthropogenic impact as the formation of the anthropogenic Cr–Ni association, which is associated with the identified multivariate anomalies, as well as an increase in Cu variability and a decrease in Mn.
Die gesprächsanalytische Sicht auf Lehr-Lernpolyloge
Authors: Tanner Iris 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungIn diesem Kapitel werden weitere Theoriekonzepte und Begrifflichkeiten vorgestellt, welche grundlegend sind für die Analyse von Gesprächen und deshalb nicht nur in den Sprachwissenschaften, sondern auch in den Sozialwissenschaften grosse Beachtung gefunden haben. Es wird zuerst um die Sprechakttheorie und die Konversations- bzw. Gesprächsanalyse (vgl. Kapitel 4.1 und Kapitel 4.2) gehen, welche Teilgebiete der linguistischen Pragmatik sind, die selbst als Lehre vom Sprachhandeln bezeichnet werden kann, denn eine «Äusserung von sich geben» ist immer auch eine (soziale und konstitutive) Handlung. Zum Schluss dieses Kapitels geht es um die hierarchische Struktur der Lehr-Lerngespräche und um das Positioning (vgl. Kapitel 4.3). Mit dem Positionieren der Lernenden als Urheber und Urheberinnen ihrer Problemlösevorgänge soll ein tiefergehendes und nachhaltiges Lernen ermöglicht werden (Greeno, 2006).
Genotypic and phenotypic characterisation of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) isolates displaying bacterial interference against multi-drug resistant uropathogenic E. Coli
Authors: Kenneally Ciara , Murphy Craig P. , Sleator Roy D. , Culligan Eamonn P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEscherichia coli can colonise the urogenital tract of individuals without causing symptoms of infection, in a condition referred to as asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU). ABU isolates can protect the host against symptomatic urinary tract infections (UTIs) by bacterial interference against uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC). The aim of this study was to investigate the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of five ABU isolates from midstream urine samples of adults. Comparative genomic and phenotypic analysis was conducted including an antibiotic resistance profile, pangenome analysis, and a putative virulence profile. Based on the genome analysis, the isolates consisted of one from phylogroup A, three from phylogroup B2, and one from phylogroup D. Two of the isolates, PUTS 58 and SK-106-1, were noted for their lack of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes compared to the prototypic ABU strain E. coli 83,972. This study provides insights into the genotypic and phenotypic profiles of uncharacterised ABU isolates, and how relevant fitness and virulence traits can impact their potential suitability for therapeutic bacterial interference.
Feasibility of deep learning algorithm in diagnosing lumbar central canal stenosis using abdominal CT
Authors: Jeon Yejin , Kim Bo Ram , Choi Hyoung In , Lee Eugene , Kim Da-Wit , Choi Boorym , Lee Joon Woo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
To develop a deep learning algorithm for diagnosing lumbar central canal stenosis (LCCS) using abdominal CT (ACT) and lumbar spine CT (LCT).

Materials and methods
This retrospective study involved 109 patients undergoing LCTs and ACTs between January 2014 and July 2021. The dural sac on CT images was manually segmented and classified as normal or stenosed (dural sac cross-sectional area ≥ 100 mm2 or < 100 mm2, respectively). A deep learning model based on U-Net architecture was developed to automatically segment the dural sac and classify the central canal stenosis. The classification performance of the model was compared on a testing set (990 images from 9 patients). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of automatic segmentation were quantitatively evaluated by comparing its Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with those of manual segmentation.

Results
In total, 990 CT images from nine patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 77 ± 7 years; six men) were evaluated. The algorithm achieved high segmentation performance with a DSC of 0.85 ± 0.10 and ICC of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.80,0.85). The ICC between ACTs and LCTs on the deep learning algorithm was 0.89 (95%CI: 0.87,0.91). The accuracy of the algorithm in diagnosing LCCS with dichotomous classification was 84%(95%CI: 0.82,0.86). In dataset analysis, the accuracy of ACTs and LCTs was 85%(95%CI: 0.82,0.88) and 83%(95%CI: 0.79,0.86), respectively. The model showed better accuracy for ACT than LCT.

Conclusion
The deep learning algorithm automatically diagnosed LCCS on LCTs and ACTs. ACT had a diagnostic performance for LCCS comparable to that of LCT.