bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation into producing Botryococcus braunii in a tubular photobioreactor
Authors: Pérez‐Mora Lina S , Matsudo Marcelo C , Cezare‐Gomes Eleane A , Carvalho João CM 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDBotryococcus braunii is a eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganism, requiring light, water, and inorganic nutrients for growth. It can convert CO2 into biomass and bioactive compounds with applications in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Parameters such as inorganic carbon and nitrogen sources, vitamins, and salts are important factors regulating algal growth and biomass composition.RESULTSIt was possible to observe the influence of salinity on growth and biomass composition of B. braunii. Chu medium was found to be the best medium for growth. In a tubular photobioreactor, biomass concentration of 4963 mg L−1 and productivity of 173.3 mg L−1 d−1 was achieved at 25 °C and 71 µmol of photons m−2 s−1, with the use of a nylon sphere to improve agitation, and with adjustment of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations by daily addition of K2HPO4 and NaNO3 according to the cell growth. Concentration of lipids was found in a range from 32.6 to 36.9%, and oleic acid (29.4–34.7%) and linoleic acid (19.8–23.7%) were the dominant fatty acids.CONCLUSIONThis study showed the feasibility of using Chu medium for the growth of B. braunii, and the importance of employing a nylon sphere and adjusting nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the culture medium of a tubular photobioreactor. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The evaluation of myocardial function of patients in the early stage of acute ischemic stroke by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Ermis Emrah , Demirelli Selami , Ceylan Mustafa , Firtina Serdar , Ipek Emrah , Yalcin Ahmet , Sahin Bingul Dilekci , Yildirim Erkan , Bayraktutan Omer Faruk , Kalkan Kamuran 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeTo evaluate the myocardial dysfunction in the early stage of nonhemorrhagic stroke and its association with the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography.MethodsWe included 29 patients with acute ischemic stroke, in whom NIHSS scores were calculated and stroke infarct volumes recorded. Within 48 hours of admission, cardiac evaluation with speckle tracking echocardiography was performed and left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS) and global longitudinal systolic strain rate were obtained. These measurements were repeated on the 10th day.ResultsNIHSS score improved, but infarct volume increased (p = 0.011 and 0.065, respectively) from admission to day 10. Ejection fraction was 53.2% and 55.8%, respectively, at admission and day 10 (p = 0.482), while GLS improved from −16.41% to −18.76% (p = 0.003).ConclusionsGLS and global longitudinal systolic strain rate showed significant improvement together with NIHSS score. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:305–311, 2016
Carotid inter‐adventitial diameter is more strongly related to plaque score than lumen diameter: An automated tool for stroke analysis
Authors: Saba Luca , Araki Tadashi , Krishna Kumar P , Rajan Jeny , Lavra Francesco , Ikeda Nobutaka , Sharma Aditya M. , Shafique Shoaib , Nicolaides Andrew , Laird John R. , Gupta Ajay , Suri Jasjit S. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeTo compare the strength of correlation between automatically measured carotid lumen diameter (LD) and interadventitial diameter (IAD) with plaque score (PS).MethodsRetrospective study on a database of 404 common carotid artery B‐mode sonographic images from 202 diabetic patients. LD and IAD were computed automatically using an advanced computerized edge detection method and compared with two distinct manual measurements. PS was computed by adding the maximal thickness in millimeters of plaques in segments taken from the internal carotid artery, bulb, and common carotid artery on both sides.ResultsThe coefficient of correlation was 0.19 (p < 0.007) between LD and PS, and 0.25 (p < 0.0006) between IAD and PS. After excluding 10 outliers, coefficient of correlation was 0.25 (p < 0.0001) between LD and PS, and 0.38 (p < 0.0001) between IAD and PS. The precision of merit of automated versus the two manual measurements was 96.6% and 97.2% for LD, and 97.7% and 98.1%, for IAD, respectively.ConclusionsOur automated measurement system gave satisfying results in comparison with manual measurements. Carotid IAD was more strongly correlated to PS than carotid LD in this population sample of Japanese diabetic patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:210–220, 2016
Comparison of contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography with virtual touch tissue quantification in the evaluation of focal liver lesions
Authors: Wu Jing‐ping , Shu Rui , Zhao Yu‐zhen , Ma Guo‐lin , Xue Wei , He Qi‐jia , Hao Mei‐na , Liu Yawu 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) and contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), separately and in combination, in diagnosing malignant focal liver lesions (FLLs).MethodsForty‐six patients with 55 FLLs (28 benign and 27 malignant) underwent both VTQ and CEUS. The diagnostic values of VTQ and CEUS, alone and in combination, were compared.ResultsThe diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of CEUS were 92.6% (25/27), 96.4% (27/28), 94.5% (52/55), 96.2% (25/26), and 93.1% (27/29), respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV of VTQ with a cutoff of 2.22 m/s were 51.9% (14/27), 85.7% (24/28), 69.1% (38/55), 77.8% (14/18), and 64.9% (24/37), respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV of VTQ and CEUS combined were 96.3% (26/27), 82.1% (23/28), 89.1% (49/55), 83.9% (26/31), and 95.8% (23/24), respectively. Comparing the accuracies of the three methods, the diagnostic values of CEUS and of the combination of CEUS with VTQ were significantly higher than those of VTQ alone (p≤ 0.01). There was no significant difference between the combination of CEUS with VTQ and CEUS (p= 0.49).ConclusionsCEUS is superior to VTQ in diagnosing malignant FLLs. Adding VTQ to CEUS did not improve the diagnosis of FLLs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.J Clin Ultrasound44:347–353, 2016
Effect of laser preparation on adhesion of a self‐adhesive flowable composite resin to primary teeth
Authors: Memarpour Mahtab , Shafiei Fereshteh , Razmjoei Faranak , Kianimanesh Nasrin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate the adhesion of a self‐adhering flowable composite resin to primary tooth enamel and dentin after silicon carbide paper (SiC) and laser pretreatment. Adhesive properties were evaluated as shear bond strength (SBS) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) characteristics. A total 120 primary canine teeth were randomly divided into two groups to study enamel and dentin. Each group was divided into 6 subgroups (n = 10) according to type of surface preparation (SiC or Er:YAG laser) of enamel or dentin. Three methods were used to build cylinders of restoration on tooth surface: OptiBond All‐In‐One + Premise Flowable composite, OptiBond All‐In‐One + Vertise Flow and Vertise flow. After restoration, samples were tested for SBS and failure mode. Twenty eight samples were examined by SEM. The results of the study showed SBS of Vertise Flow was lower than others in enamel and dentin samples pretreated with SiC and in dentin samples pretreated with laser (P < 0.001). Compared to SiC pretreatment, laser pretreatment led to a significantly higher SBS with Vertise Flow on enamel (P < 0.001). Vertise Flow associated with the adhesive led to a higher SBS in enamel and dentin compared to Vertise Flow alone. Adhesive and mixed failure modes were observed more frequently in Vertise Flow groups. SEM images showed that Vertise Flow led to more irregularities on enamel and more open dentinal tubules after laser ablation compared SiC pretreatment. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:334–341, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is laparoscopic live donor hepatectomy justified ethically?
Authors: Soubrane Olivier , Gateau Valérie , Lefève Céline 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLive donor liver transplant (LDLT) was first reported in the 1990s and quickly raised ethical considerations, mainly related to the risk brought to the donor. The question of donor safety was even more accurate with the occurrence of laparoscopy, a technique which could allegedly increase the risk of severe intraoperative complications. Besides the questions of justice and autonomy, donor safety remains the main ethical debate of LDLT. Considering the lack of comparative assessment of postoperative outcomes, the Jury of the last Consensus meeting held in Japan in 2014 called for the creation of international registries to help to determine the benefit/risk ratio of laparoscopic donor hepatectomy. Since randomized studies are very unlikely to occur, benchmarking comparisons, between liver and kidney donors for instance, may also help to define standard practice. At last, donors' points of view should also be taken into account in the evaluation of those innovative procedures.
International Housing Policy for the Urban Poor and the Informal City in the Global South: A Non‐diachronic Review
Authors: Chiodelli Francesco 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper conducts a review of the main housing policies for informal settlements and the poor in the so‐called Global South promoted by the main international agencies (such as the World Bank and UN‐Habitat) since the 1950s. The international literature on the topic usually recognises successive ‘seasons’ of these policies (aided self‐help and enablement). While this periodisation is certainly useful, a more comprehensive analysis can be provided by complementing it with an in‐depth, non‐diachronic scrutiny of the ingredients that compose the different policies proposed and implemented in these ‘seasons’. In this paper, these policies are therefore dissected according to substantive components (physical goods, regulations, financing), procedural features (top‐down versus bottom‐up approach; project‐by‐project versus comprehensive approach) and beneficiaries (tenants versus homeowners; existing settlements versus new settlements). On the basis of this analysis, we can identify the main evolutionary trajectories of these policies over six decades. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative STIR of muscle for monitoring nerve regeneration
Authors: Viddeleer Alain R. , Sijens Paul E. , van Ooijen Peter M.A. , Kuypers Paul D.L. , Hovius Steven E.R. , De Deyn Peter P. , Oudkerk Matthijs 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo assess whether short tau inversion recovery (STIR) MRI sequences can provide a tool for monitoring peripheral nerve regeneration, by comparing signal intensity changes in reinnervated muscle over time, and to determine potential clinical time points for monitoring.Materials and MethodsFor this prospective study, 29 patients with complete traumatic transection of the ulnar or median nerves in the forearm were followed up to 45 months postsurgery. Standardized 1.5 Tesla STIR‐MRI scans of hand muscles were obtained at fixed time intervals. Muscle signal intensities were measured semi‐quantitatively and correlated to functional outcome.ResultsFor the patients with good function recovery, mean signal intensity ratios of 1.179 ± 0.039, 1.304 ± 0.180, 1.154 ± 0.121, 1.105 ± 0.046 and 1.038 ± 0.047 were found at 1‐, 3‐, 6‐, 9‐, and 12‐month follow‐up, respectively. In the group with poor function recovery, ratios of 1.240 ± 0.069, 1.374 ± 0.144, 1.407 ± 0.127, 1.386 ± 0.128 and 1.316 ± 0.116 were found. Comparing the groups showed significant differences from 6 months onward (P < 0.001), with normalizing signal intensities in the group with good function recovery and sustained elevated signal intensity in the group with poor function recovery.ConclusionMRI of muscle can be used as a tool for monitoring motor nerve regeneration, by comparing STIR muscle signal intensities over time. A decrease in signal intensity ratio of 50% (as compared to the initial increase) seems to predict good function recovery. Long‐term follow‐up shows that STIR MRI can be used for at least 15 months after nerve transection to differentiate between denervated and (re)innervated muscles. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:401–410.
Myocardial T1rho mapping of patients with end‐stage renal disease and its comparison with T1 mapping and T2 mapping: A feasibility and reproducibility study
Authors: Wang Lin , Yuan Jing , Zhang Shi‐Jun , Gao Min , Wang Yuan‐Cheng , Wang Yi‐Xiang , Ju Shenghong 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the feasibility of T1rho mapping in myocardium at 3T and to determine whether T1rho mapping could better characterize myocardial injury in end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients compared to T1 and T2 mapping.Materials and MethodsT1rho mapping, T1 mapping, and T2 mapping were performed at 3T on 35 healthy volunteers (15 males, 20 females, 40.7 ± 13.6 years) and 32 ESRD patients (16 males, 16 females, 48.6 ± 11.9 years). The mean T1rho, T1, and T2 values were compared using Student's t‐test and correlated with cardiac function parameters, including peak ejection rate (PER), short‐axis percent thickening (SAPT), peak filling rate (PFR), and time to peak filling (TTPF).ResultsThe mean T1rho values (49.4 ± 2.6 msec vs. 52.2 ± 4.0 msec, P = 0.001) and T2 values (50.5 ± 2.5 msec vs. 54.1 ± 4.0 msec, P < 0.001) were significantly different between the volunteers and patients, but there were no significant differences between the two groups in the T1 values (1253.1 ± 71.6 msec vs. 1273.4 ± 41.7 msec, P = 0.157). The mean T1rho values were negatively correlated with the PER (r = –0.397; P = 0.03), SAPT (r = –0.688; P < 0.001), and PFR (r = –0.537; P = 0.002), whereas positively correlated with the TTPF (r = 0.677; P < 0.001). The mean T2 values were negatively correlated only with the SAPT (r = –0.427; P = 0.019) in the ESRD patients.ConclusionT1rho mapping of the myocardium is feasible at 3T. T1rho values are higher in ESRD patients and relate to cardiac function, which may better characterize myocardial injury than can T1 and T2. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:723–731.
Dignity, face, and honor cultures: A study of negotiation strategy and outcomes in three cultures
Authors: Aslani Soroush , Ramirez‐Marin Jimena , Brett Jeanne , Yao Jingjing , Semnani‐Azad Zhaleh , Zhang Zhi‐Xue , Tinsley Catherine , Weingart Laurie , Adair Wendi 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis study compares negotiation strategy and outcomes in countries illustrating dignity, face, and honor cultures. Hypotheses predict cultural differences in negotiators' aspirations, use of strategy, and outcomes based on the implications of differences in self‐worth and social structures in dignity, face, and honor cultures. Data were from a face‐to‐face negotiation simulation; participants were intra‐cultural samples from the USA (dignity), China (face), and Qatar (honor). The empirical results provide strong evidence for the predictions concerning the reliance on more competitive negotiation strategies in honor and face cultures relative to dignity cultures in this context of negotiating a new business relationship. The study makes two important theoretical contributions. First, it proposes how and why people in a previously understudied part of the world, that is, the Middle East, use negotiation strategy. Second, it addresses a conundrum in the East Asian literature on negotiation: the theory and research that emphasize the norms of harmony and cooperation in social interaction versus empirical evidence that negotiations in East Asia are highly competitive. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing a Model for an Innovative Culinary Competency Curriculum and Examining Its Effects on Students' Performance
Authors: Hu Meng‐Lei I‐Chen Monica , Horng Jeou‐Shyan , Teng Chih‐Ching 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe present study designs and develops an innovative culinary competency curriculum (ICCC) model comprising seven sections: innovative culture, aesthetics, techniques, service, product, management, and creativity. The model is formulated based on culinary concept, creativity, innovation, and competency theory. The four elements of curriculum design, namely, objectives, learning experience, evaluation, and modification, are adopted to create a developmental framework. This study also applies creative teaching techniques to improve students' learning effectiveness. The study employed a quasi‐experimental design and a sample of 68 undergraduate students majoring in Food and Beverage Management. A 16‐week instructional program was conducted. Results show that the ICCC model is effective based on qualitative analysis and students' improved innovative performance.
Late Quaternary environmental and climate changes registered in lacustrine sediments of the Serra Sul de Carajás, south‐east Amazonia
Authors: Guimarães José Tasso Felix , Sahoo Prafulla Kumar , Souza‐Filho Pedro Walfir M. , Maurity Clóvis Wagner , Silva Júnior Renato Oliveira , Costa Francisco Ribeiro , Dall'Agnol Roberto 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTMulti‐proxy analyses on sediment cores from two closed basin lakes in the Serra Sul de Carajás were used to reconstruct environmental changes in south‐eastern Amazonia during the late Quaternary. The sediment record between 65 000 and 40 000 cal a BP (older dates with high level of uncertainty) is dominated by organic sediments intercalated with detritus (e.g. Al and Ti), indicating fluctuating lake levels related to changes in precipitation. A period of lower precipitation occurred from 40 000 to 35 000 cal a BP. Between ∼35 000 and 20 000 cal a BP, the dominance of detrital sediments suggests wetter and warmer conditions. However, iron enrichment in a siderite‐rich layer associated with the end of this period coincides with the Last Glacial Maximum, suggesting diagenetic changes in the profundal portion of the lakes and indicating a transition from oxidizing to reducing conditions. Subsequently, the period between ∼20 000 and 15 000 cal a BP was marked by a transition from drier to wetter climate, resulting in higher energy flows (e.g. Zr) and increased erosion of the basins. Another drier period was observed between ∼7000 and 3000 cal a BP (low detrital input and high Ca/Ti), when the lake levels were very low and eutrophication was high.
Demographic response of northern spotted owls to barred owl removal
Authors: Diller Lowell V. , Hamm Keith A. , Early Desiree A. , Lamphear David W. , Dugger Katie M. , Yackulic Charles B. , Schwarz Carl J. , Carlson Peter C. , McDonald Trent L. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTFederally listed as threatened in 1990 primarily because of habitat loss, the northern spotted owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) has continued to decline despite conservation efforts resulting in forested habitat being reserved throughout its range. Recently, there is growing evidence the congeneric invasive barred owl (Strix varia) may be responsible for the continued decline primarily by excluding spotted owls from their preferred habitat. We used a long‐term demographic study for spotted owls in coastal northern California as the basis for a pilot barred owl removal experiment. Our demography study used capture–recapture, reproductive output, and territory occupancy data collected from 1990 to 2013 to evaluate trends in vital rates and populations. We used a classic before‐after‐control‐impact (BACI) experimental design to investigate the demographic response of northern spotted owls to the lethal removal of barred owls. According to the best 2‐species dynamic occupancy model, there was no evidence of differences in barred or northern spotted owl occupancy prior to the initiation of the treatment (barred owl removal). After treatment, barred owl occupancy was lower in the treated relative to the untreated areas and spotted owl occupancy was higher relative to the untreated areas. Barred owl removal decreased spotted owl territory extinction rates but did not affect territory colonization rates. As a result, spotted owl occupancy increased in the treated area and continued to decline in the untreated areas. Prior to and after barred owl removal, there was no evidence that average fecundity differed on the 2 study areas. However, the greater number of occupied spotted owl sites on the treated areas resulted in greater productivity in the treated areas based on empirical counts of fledged young. Prior to removal, survival was declining at a rate of approximately 0.2% per year for treated and untreated areas. Following treatment, estimated survival was 0.859 for the treated areas and 0.822 for the untreated areas. Derived estimates of population change on both study areas showed the same general decline before removal with an estimated slope of –0.0036 per year. Following removal, the rate of population change on the treated areas increased to an average of 1.029 but decreased to an average of 0.870 on the untreated areas. The results from this first experiment demonstrated that lethal removal of barred owls allowed the recovery of northern spotted owl populations in the treated portions of our study area. If additional federally funded barred owl removal experiments provide similar results, this could be the foundation for development of a long‐term conservation strategy for northern spotted owls. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
The challenges facing library and information science journals: Editors' opinions
Authors: Ollé Castellà Candela , López‐Borrull Alexandre , Abadal Ernest 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study aimed to gather the opinions of editors of Library and Information Science journals indexed in Scopus and the Web of Knowledge regarding the current situation and their forecasts on open access, peer review procedures, functionalities, and specialization. The response rate was 23%, and some noteworthy conclusions can be drawn according to editors' opinions: Within 5–10 years, the main business model for journal publishing will be open access. Institutional support is the preferred source of financing. The review process requires less than 2 months, and the main problems are low quality of texts and finding reviewers. Functionalities such as mobile versions of the journals, social media, data policy, and altmetrics have yet to be exploited; interdisciplinarity will increase the presence of these functionalities in journals, especially through the influence of the related areas of Communication, Management, and Computer Science. Finally, the area that will see the most changes is the management of research data.
Synthesis, Self‐Assembly, and Host–Guest Response of Naphthalic Anhydride‐Ended Hyperbranched Polyesters
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Jin Can , Han Qiaorong , Jiang Yuliang , Zeng Fanyang , Ma Zhenye , Wang Bingxiang 
Published: February 2016

Self‐assemblies fabricated from hyperbranched polymers have exhibited unique performances and a wide range of applications. However, the direct self‐assembly of such hyperbranched polymers into highly ordered macrostructures remains challenging, due to their high polydispersities, irregular architectures, and poorly defined shapes. Herein, hyperbranched polyesters (HBPE) modified with naphthalic anhydride terminal groups, so called HBPE‐(NA‐COOH)3 and HBPE‐(NA‐COOH)6, are synthesized by a convenient one‐pot procedure. Furthermore, highly ordered dendritic morphologies are obtained based on their self‐assembly, wherein the interlayer interactions are enhanced by the multiple hydrogen bonds among the carboxyl groups and the π–π stacking among the aromatic rings. In addition, the host–guest interactions of the naphthalic anhydride‐ended hyperbranched polyesters are investigated. Among them, HBPE‐(NA‐COOH)3 is a promising fluorescent probe to anthracene, while HBPE‐(NA‐COOH)6 is a promising probe to pyrene.
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