bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New‐onset vitiligo and progression of pre‐existing vitiligo during treatment with biological agents in chronic inflammatory diseases
Authors: Méry‐Bossard L. , Bagny K. , Chaby G. , Khemis A. , Maccari F. , Marotte H. , Perrot J.L. , Reguiai Z. , Sigal M.L. , Avenel‐Audran M. , Boyé T. , Grasland A. , Gillard J. , Jullien D. , Toussirot E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe development of vitiligo during treatment with biological agents is an unusual event and only a few isolated cases have been reported.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical characteristics and evolution of patients developing new‐onset vitiligo following initiation of a biological agent for chronic inflammatory disease; and also to report the clinical course of pre‐existing vitiligo under biological therapy.MethodsThis nationwide multicentre, retrospective study, carried out between July 2013 and January 2015, describes the characteristics of a large series of 18 patients (psoriasis N = 8, inflammatory rheumatic diseases N = 8, ulcerative colitis N = 1, uveitis N = 1) who developed new‐onset vitiligo while receiving a biological agent.ResultsTNFα inhibitors were the most common biological agent involved (13/18) while anti‐IL‐12/23 and anti‐IL‐17 agents or abatacept were less common (4/18 and 1/18 respectively). Mean duration of biological agent exposure before vitiligo onset was 13.9 ± 16.5 months. Outcome was favourable for most patients (15/17) while maintaining the biological agent. Data were also collected for 18 patients (psoriasis N = 5, inflammatory rheumatic diseases N = 10, inflammatory bowel diseases N = 2, SAPHO N = 1) who had pre‐existing vitiligo when treatment with a biological agent started (TNFα inhibitors N = 15, ustekinumab N = 1, rituximab N = 1, tocilizumab N = 1). Vitiligo progressed in seven patients and was stable or improved in eight cases.ConclusionVitiligo may thus emerge and/or progress during treatment with various biological agents, mainly TNFα inhibitors and could be a new paradoxical skin reaction. De novo vitiligo displays a favourable outcome when maintaining the biological agent, whereas the prognosis seems worse in cases of pre‐existing vitiligo.
Do daily ward interviews improve measurement of hospital quality and safety indicators? A prospective observational study
Authors: Sarkies Mitchell N. , Bowles Kelly‐Ann , Skinner Elizabeth H. , Haas Romi , Mitchell Deb , O'Brien Lisa , May Kerry , Ghaly Marcelle , Ho Melissa , Haines Terry P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to determine if the addition of daily ward interview data improves the capture of hospital quality and safety indicators compared with incident reporting systems alone. An additional aim was to determine the potential characteristics influencing under‐reporting of hospital quality and safety indicators in incident reporting systems.MethodsA prospective, observational study was performed at two tertiary metropolitan public hospitals. Research assistants from allied health backgrounds met daily with the nurse in charge of the ward and discussed the occurrence of any falls, pressure injuries and rapid response medical team calls. Data were collected from four general medical wards, four surgical wards, an orthopaedic, neurosciences, plastics, respiratory, renal, sub‐acute and acute medical assessment unit.ResultsAn estimated total of 303 falls, 221 pressure injuries and 884 rapid response medical team calls occurred between 15 wards across two hospitals, over a period of 6 months. Hospital incident reporting systems underestimated falls by 30.0%, pressure injuries by 59.3% and rapid response medical team calls by 17.0%. The use of ward interview data collection in addition to hospital incident reporting systems improved data capture of falls by 23.8% (n = 72), pressure injuries by 21.7% (n = 48) and rapid response medical team calls by 12.7% (n = 112). Falls events were significantly less likely to be reported if they occurred on a Monday (P = 0.04) and pressure injuries significantly more likely to be reported if they occurred on a Wednesday (P = 0.01).ConclusionsHospital quality and safety indicators (falls, pressure injuries and rapid response medical team calls) were under‐reported in incident reporting systems, with variability in under‐reporting between wards and the day of event occurrence. The use of ward interview data collection in addition to hospital incident reporting systems improved reporting of hospital quality and safety indicators.
Can we identify termination of resuscitation criteria in cardiac arrest due to drowning: results from the French national out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest registry
Authors: Hubert Hervé , Escutnaire Joséphine , Michelet Pierre , Babykina Evgéniya , El Khoury Carlos , Tazarourte Karim , Vilhelm Christian , El Hiki Lahcen , Guinhouya Benjamin , Gueugniaud Pierre‐Yves ,   on behalf GR‐RéAC
Published: June 2016

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to describe the cohort of persons having experiences fatal and non‐fatal drowning events, registered in the French cardiac arrest registry and to identify termination of resuscitation criteria.MethodsWe performed a prospective multicenter study based on data from French cardiac arrest registry database. All patients with cardiac arrest after drowning (CAD) recorded between July 2011 and November 2014 were included. The population description was carried out by medians [interquartile ranges (IQR)] or frequencies. The characteristics were compared in terms of the primary endpoint (alive vs dead at hospital admission) using chi‐square or Fisher's exact and the Mann–Whitney U test. The predictive model was carried out using the multivariate logistic regression.ResultsThe analysis included 234 CAD. The majority of patients were adults (83.6%) and males (64.5%). Most of the submersions occurred out of home (75.6%). We recorded 66.7% of incidents in fresh water. About a third of CAD was witnessed of which 33.8% had an immediate basic life support. Most of CAD patients received an advanced cardiac life support (87.2%). The median Mobile Medical Team response time was 22 [15–30] minutes. At hospital, 40.6% of patients were alive. Twenty one patients (9.0%) were discharged alive. Among them, 17 had a good neurological outcome. Faster interventions generally resulted in higher survival chances (Mobile Medical Team response time OR: 0.960[0.925; 0.996]; P = 0.0.031; no flow duration OR: 0.535[0.313; 0.913]; P = 0.022) if associated with ventilation (OR: 6.742[2.043; 22.250]; P = 0.002). Age (OR: 0.971[0.955; 0.988]; P = 0.001) and location outside (OR: 0.203[0.064; 0.625]; P = 0.007) are the other criteria of our model.ConclusionsThe model is helpful to highlight explanative variables concerning CAD patients' outcome. The next step is the validation of these five factors by a larger study. Prevention and public training to lifesaving behaviours must be considered as priorities in French public health programmes.
Association Between Mortality and Heritability of the Scale of Aging Vigor in Epidemiology
Authors: Sanders Jason L. , Singh Jatinder , Minster Ryan L. , Walston Jeremy D. , Matteini Amy M. , Christensen Kaare , Mayeux Richard , Borecki Ingrid B. , Perls Thomas , Newman Anne B. ,   The Long Life Family Study Research Group
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the association between mortality and heritability of a rescaled Fried frailty index, the Scale of Aging Vigor in Epidemiology (SAVE), to determine its value for genetic analyses.DesignLongitudinal, community‐based cohort study.SettingThe Long Life Family Study (LLFS) in the United States and Denmark.ParticipantsLong‐lived individuals (N = 4,875, including 4,075 genetically related individuals) and their families (N = 551).MeasurementsThe SAVE was administered to 3,599 participants and included weight change, weakness (grip strength), fatigue (questionnaire), physical activity (days walked in prior 2 weeks), and slowness (gait speed); each component was scored 0, 1, or 2 using approximate tertiles, and summed (range 0 (vigorous) to 10 (frail)). Heritability was determined using a variance component–based family analysis using a polygenic model. Association with mortality in the proband generation (N = 1,421) was calculated using Cox proportional hazards mixed‐effect models.ResultsHeritability of the SAVE was 0.23 (P < .001) overall (n = 3,599), 0.31 (P < .001) in probands (n = 1,479), and 0.26 (P < .001) in offspring (n = 2,120). In adjusted models, higher SAVE scores were associated with higher mortality (score 5–6: hazard ratio (HR) = 2.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.46–5.51; score 7–10: HR = 3.40, 95% CI = 1.72–6.71) than lower scores (0–2).ConclusionThe SAVE was associated with mortality and was moderately heritable in the LLFS, suggesting a genetic component to age‐related vigor and frailty and supporting its use for further genetic analyses.
Effect of Statin Therapy on Mortality in Older Adults Hospitalized with Coronary Artery Disease: A Propensity‐Adjusted Analysis
Authors: Rothschild Daniel P. , Novak Eric , Rich Michael W. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of statins on long‐term mortality in older adults hospitalized with coronary artery disease (CAD).DesignRetrospective analysis.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 80 and older (mean aged 85.2, 56% female) hospitalized from January 2006 to December 2010 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), unstable angina pectoris, or chronic CAD and discharged alive (N = 1,262). Participants were divided into those who did (n = 913) and did not (n = 349) receive a discharge prescription for a statin.MeasurementsAll‐cause mortality over a median follow‐up of 3.1 years.ResultsParticipants treated with statins were more likely to be male, to have a primary diagnosis of AMI, to have traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and to receive other standard cardiovascular medications in addition to statins. In unadjusted analysis, statin therapy was associated with lower mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.71–0.96). After adjustment for baseline differences between groups and propensity for receiving statin therapy, the effect of statins on mortality was no longer significant (HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.74–1.05). The association between statins and mortality was similar in participants aged 80 to 84 and those aged 85 and older.ConclusionIn this cohort of older adults hospitalized with CAD, statin therapy had no significant effect on long‐term survival after adjustment for between‐group differences. These findings, although preliminary, call into question the benefit of statin therapy for secondary prevention in a real‐world population of adults aged 80 and older and underscore the need for shared decision‐making when prescribing statins in this age group.
Mortality in Individuals Aged 80 and Older with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Relation to Glycosylated Hemoglobin, Blood Pressure, and Total Cholesterol
Authors: Hamada Shota , Gulliford Martin C. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether low glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and total cholesterol (TC) are associated with lower risk of all‐cause mortality in very old individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingPrimary care database in the United Kingdom.ParticipantsIndividuals aged 80 and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus (N = 25,966).MeasurementsAssociations between baseline HbA1c, BP, and TC and all‐cause mortality were evaluated in Cox proportional hazards models. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, duration of diabetes mellitus, lifestyle variables, HbA1c, BP, TC, comorbidities, prescribing of antidiabetic and cardiovascular drugs, and participants’ general practice.ResultsThere were 4,490 deaths during follow‐up (median 2.0 years; mortality 104.7 per 1,000 person‐years). Mortality in participants with low (<6.0% (<42 mmol/mol)) or high (≥8.5% (≥69 mmol/mol)) HbA1c was similar to that in those with the reference HbA1c (8.0–8.4% (64–68 mmol/mol)). Mortality was lowest in individuals with HbA1c of 7.0–7.4% (53–57 mmol/mol) (80.9 per 1,000 person‐years, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.70–0.91, P = .001). Mortality was higher in individuals with lower BP (e.g., <130/70 mmHg, 151.7 per 1,000 person‐years, aHR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.34–1.72, P < .001 vs reference BP <150/90 mmHg) and in the lowest TC category (<3.0 mmol/L, 138.7 per 1,000 person‐years, aHR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.24–1.64, P < .001 vs reference TC 4.5–4.9 mmol/L). The relationship between TC and mortality varied according to sex and prescription of lipid‐lowering drugs.ConclusionLow HbA1c, BP, and TC may be associated with higher mortality in very old adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further research is required to understand these associations and to identify optimal treatment targets in this population.
Warfarin Treatment and All‐Cause Mortality in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults with Atrial Fibrillation: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Pilotto Alberto , Gallina Pietro , Copetti Massimiliano , Pilotto Andrea , Marcato Francesco , Mello Anna M. , Simonato Matteo , Logroscino Giancarlo , Padovani Alessandro , Ferrucci Luigi , Panza Francesco ,   the Multidimensional Prognostic Index_Age Project Investigators
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between warfarin treatment and different strata of all‐cause mortality risk assessed using the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI) based on information collected using the Standardized Multidimensional Assessment Schedule for Adults and Aged Persons (SVaMA) in community‐dwelling older adults with atrial fibrillation (AF).DesignRetrospective observational study.SettingOlder community‐dwelling adults who underwent a SVaMA evaluation establishing accessibility to homecare services and nursing home admission from 2005 to 2013 in the Padova Health District, Italy.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling individuals with AF aged 65 and older (N = 1,827).MeasurementsParticipants were classified as being at mild (MPI‐SVaMA‐1), moderate (MPI‐SVaMA‐2), or severe (MPI‐SVaMA‐3) risk of mortality using the MPI‐SVaMA, a validated prognostic tool based on age, sex, comorbidity, cognitive status, mobility and functional disability, pressure sore risk, and social support. The association between warfarin treatment and mortality was tested using multivariate‐ and propensity score–adjusted Cox regression models, controlling for age, sex, all SVaMA domains, concomitant diseases, and drug treatments.ResultsHigher MPI‐SVaMA scores were associated with lower rates of warfarin treatment and higher 3‐year mortality. After adjustment for propensity score quintiles, warfarin treatment was significantly associated with lower 2‐year mortality in individuals with MPI‐SVaMA‐1 (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.50–0.82), MPI‐SVaMA‐2 (HR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.55–0.85), and MPI‐SVaMA‐3 (HR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.44–0.67). Heterogeneity analyses confirmed that the effect of warfarin treatment was not different between MPI‐SVaMA groups (P for heterogeneity = .48).ConclusionCommunity‐dwelling older adults with AF benefitted from anticoagulation in terms of lower all‐cause mortality over a mean follow‐up of 2 years, regardless of poor health and functional condition. Although this benefit can be ascribed to the treatment, it may also reflect better overall care.
Indigenous Names, Revitalization Politics, and Regimes of Recognition in the Northwest Amazon
Authors: Shulist Sarah 
Published: June 2016

ResumoEste artigo analisa como as práticas do estado e os movimentos de valorização cultural estão contribuindo para a mudança da identidade indígena e das práticas culturais dos povos tukano e baré no Noroeste da Amazônia. Considerou‐se como as políticas de reconhecimento e autenticidade usada pelo estado em relação aos nomes indígenas, interagem com o esforço de valorizar e revitalizar as línguas e culturas minoritárias. Demonstrou‐se que, para cada um desses diferentes grupos indígenas, tanto nas ideias quanto nas práticas culturais em relação aos nomes indígenas e as identidades apresentadas podem ser vistas grandes mudanças devido aos novos sentidos políticos aos quais são ligados.
Neonatal hydrocephalus is a result of a block in folate handling and metabolism involving 10‐formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase
Authors: Naz Naila , Jimenez Alicia Requena , Sanjuan‐Vilaplana Anna , Gurney Megan , Miyan Jaleel 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFolate is vital in a range of biological processes and folate deficiency is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as neural tube defects and hydrocephalus (HC). 10‐formyl‐tetrahydrofolate‐dehydrogenase (FDH) is a key regulator for folate availability and metabolic interconversion for the supply of 1‐carbon groups. In previous studies, we found a deficiency of FDH in CSF associated with the developmental deficit in congenital and neonatal HC. In this study, we therefore aimed to investigate the role of FDH in folate transport and metabolism during the brain development of the congenital hydrocephalic Texas (H‐Tx) rat and normal (Sprague–Dawley) rats. We show that at embryonic (E) stage E18 and E20, FDH‐positive cells and/or vesicles derived from the cortex can bind methyl‐folate similarly to folate receptor alpha, the main folate transporter. Hydrocephalic rats expressed diminished nuclear FDH in both liver and brain at all postnatal (P) ages tested (P5, P15, and P20) together with a parallel increase in hepatic nuclear methyl‐folate at P5 and cerebral methylfolate at P15 and P20. A similar relationship was found between FDH and 5‐methyl cytosine, the main marker for DNA methylation. The data indicated that FDH binds and transports methylfolate in the brain and that decreased liver and brain nuclear expression of FDH is linked with decreased DNA methylation which could be a key factor in the developmental deficits associated with congenital and neonatal HC.
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Folate deficiency is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as neural tube defects and hydrocephalus. 10‐formyl‐tetrahydrofolate‐dehydrogenase (FDH) is a key regulator for folate availability and metabolic interconversion. We show that FDH binds and transports methylfolate in the brain. Moreover, we found that a deficiency of FDH in the nucleus of brain and liver is linked with decreased DNA methylation which could be a key factor in the developmental deficits associated with congenital and neonatal hydrocephalus cells.
Externalizing Problem Behavior in Adolescence: Parenting Interacting With DAT1 and DRD4 Genes
Authors: Janssens Annelies , Van Den Noortgate Wim , Goossens Luc , Colpin Hilde , Verschueren Karine , Claes Stephan , Van Leeuwen Karla 
Published: June 2016

This study extends previous gene‐by‐environment (G × E) research through design and methodological advances and examines alternative hypotheses of diathesis stress, vantage sensitivity, and differential susceptibility. In a sample of 984 adolescents and their parents, we examined whether effects of parental support, proactive, punitive, harsh punitive, and psychological control on externalizing problem behavior are moderated by adolescents' genotype for the dopamine transporter (DAT1) or receptor D4 (DRD4) gene. Results provided evidence for main effects of parenting behavior and DRD4, and multiple interaction effects of which one survived Bonferroni correction. Adolescents carrying a long DRD4 variant were more susceptible to the effects of parental proactive control on aggression, for better and for worse. Critical considerations were made regarding the complexity of G × E research.
Antihyperalgesic effects of dexketoprofen and tramadol in a model of postoperative pain in mice – effects on glial cell activation
Authors: Romero-Alejo Elizabeth , Puig Margarita M , Romero Asunción 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objectives
To define likely targets (i.e. glia) and protocols (analgesic combinations) to improve postoperative pain outcomes and reduce chronic pain after surgery. Specifically, to assess the antihyperalgesic effects of the dexketoprofen : tramadol (DEX : TRM) combination, exploring the implication of glial activation.

Methods
In a mouse model of postincisional pain, we evaluated mechanical nociceptive thresholds (Von Frey) for 21 days postoperatively. We assessed DEX and TRM alone and combined (1 : 1 ratio) on postoperative hyperalgesia (POH, day 1) and delayed latent pain sensitisation (substantiated by a naloxone challenge; PS, day 21). The interactions were analysed using isobolograms, and concomitant changes in spinal glial cell activation were measured.

Key findings
On day 1, DEX completely blocked POH, whereas TRM induced 32% inhibition. TRM, but not DEX, partially (47%) protected against PS, at 21 days. Co-administration of DEX : TRM (1 : 1 ratio) showed additivity for antihyperalgesia. Both drugs and their combination totally inhibited surgery-induced microglia activation on day 1, but had no effect on surgery-induced astrocyte activation (1 day) or re-activation after naloxone (21 days).

Conclusions
The DEX : TRM combination could have clinical advantages: a complete prevention of POH after surgery, together with a substantial (48%) inhibition of the development of PS by TRM. Microglia, but not astrocyte activation, could play a relevant role in the development of postoperative pain hypersensitivity.
Sleep restriction can attenuate prioritization benefits on declarative memory consolidation
Authors: Lo June C. , Bennion Kelly A. , Chee Michael W. L. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAs chronic sleep restriction is a widespread problem among adolescents, the present study investigated the effects of a 1‐week sleep restriction (SR) versus control period on the consolidation of long‐term memory for prose passages. We also determined whether the benefit of prioritization on memory is modulated by adequate sleep occurring during consolidation. Fifty‐six healthy adolescents (25 male, aged 15–19 years) were instructed to remember a prose passage in which half of the content was highlighted (prioritized), and were told that they would receive an additional bonus for remembering highlighted content. Following an initial free recall test, participants underwent a 7‐night period in which they received either a 5‐h (SR) or 9‐h (control) nightly sleep opportunity, monitored by polysomnography on selected nights. Free recall of the passage was tested at the end of the sleep manipulation period (1 week after encoding), and again 6 weeks after encoding. Recall of highlighted content was superior to that of non‐highlighted content at all three time‐points (initial, 1 week, 6 weeks). This beneficial effect of prioritization on memory was stronger 1 week relative to a few minutes after encoding for the control, but not the SR group. N3 duration was similar in the control and SR groups. Overall, the present study shows that the benefits of prioritization on memory are enhanced over time, requiring time and sleep to unfold fully. Partial sleep deprivation (i.e. 5‐h nocturnal sleep opportunity) may attenuate such benefits, but this may be offset by preservation of N3 sleep duration.