bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Children and Adolescents Under Pharmacotherapy With Olanzapine in Daily Clinical Practice
Authors: Fekete Stefanie , Wewetzer Christoph , Mehler-Wex Claudia , Holtkamp Kristian , Burger Rainer , Reichert Susanne , Taurines Regina , Romanos Marcel , Gerlach Manfred , Egberts Karin 
Published: April 2017

Background:
The relationship between daily dose, serum concentrations, and clinical outcomes of olanzapine as well as the influencing factors thereof in children and adolescents treated for different psychiatric disorders were investigated in daily clinical practice. In addition, it was examined whether the current recommended therapeutic range (TR) for adult patients with psychotic disorders is valid for minors.

Methods:
The Competence Network for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (www.tdm-kjp.com) routinely collects demographic and clinical outcome data as well as serum concentrations of children and adolescents treated with psychotropics. The therapeutic effect is documented using the Clinical Global Impression Scale subscale for Global Improvement. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are assessed using the Udvalg for Kliniske Undersogelser–Side Effect Rating Scale.

Results:
One hundred fifteen patients (mean age = 15.9 years; range = 10.4–18.8 years; 40.9% male) were included. The majority (72.1%) was cotreated with other psychotropic drugs. A positive medium linear relationship (r = 0.619; P < 0.001) between olanzapine dose (mean = 11.64 mg/d) and serum concentration (mean = 35.65 ng/mL) was found with a marked interindividual variability of serum concentrations. Neither relationship between olanzapine serum concentration and treatment response (clinical benefit documented in 80%) nor ADRs (documented in 53.3%, in 7.5% judged as severe) was detected. Most of the patients with psychotic and eating disorders (68.8% and 71.8%, respectively) had an olanzapine serum concentration within the TR suggested for adults.

Conclusions:
There are several limitations of this study because of the naturalistic design, and our results should therefore be interpreted with caution. As most of the patients showed a clinical benefit under olanzapine concentrations within the TR for adults and only a minority had severe ADRs, it is reasonable to conclude a similar TR for children, adolescents, and adults.
Amantadine for Antipsychotic-Related Weight Gain
Authors: Zheng Wei , Wang Shibin , Ungvari Gabor S. , Ng Chee H. , Yang Xin-Hu , Gu Yu-Hong , Li Ming , Xiang Ying-Qiang , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Purpose
Weight gain associated with antipsychotics in schizophrenia has been an ongoing concern. This meta-analysis examined the efficacy and safety of amantadine as an adjunctive treatment of weight gain in schizophrenia by systematically searching and analyzing randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs comparing adjunctive amantadine with placebo in adult patients with schizophrenia were included in the meta-analysis.

Methods
Two independent investigators searched the literature and extracted data. Weighted and standardized mean differences (WMDs/SMDs) and risk ratio ± 95% confidence intervals were calculated.

Results
Five RCTs (n = 265) with double-blinded design lasting 8.2 ± 5.9 weeks were included in the analysis. Amantadine outperformed placebo regarding weight reduction with moderate effect size (trials, 3; n = 205; WMD −2.22 kg; P = 0.001, I
2 = 45%). Amantadine also outperformed placebo at endpoint in the negative symptom (the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale [PANSS] [1 trial] and the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms [1 trial]) scores (trials, 2; n = 84; SMD, −0.56; P = 0.01, I
2 = 12%), but not in the PANSS total scores (trials, 2) (SMD, −0.31; P = 0.16, I
2 = 0%) and the positive symptom (PANSS [1 trial] and the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms [1 trial]) scores (SMD, 0.13; P = 0.54, I
2 = 0%). Except for insomnia (P = 0.007; number needed to harm, 6; 95% confidence interval, 4–16), all-cause discontinuation (risk ratio, 1.12; P = 0.54, I
2 = 0%) and other adverse events were similar between the amantadine and placebo groups.

Conclusions
According to this meta-analysis of 5 RCTs, adjunctive amantadine seems to be an effective option for attenuating antipsychotic-related weight gain in patients with schizophrenia. More RCTs are needed to inform clinical recommendations.
Emerging Therapies for Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Crowson Matthew Gordon , Hertzano Ronna , Tucci Debara L. 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
To critically review and evaluate the proposed mechanisms and documented results of the therapeutics currently in active clinical drug trials for the treatment of sensorineural hearing loss.

Data Sources:
US National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Trials registry, MEDLINE/PubMed.

Study Selection & Data Extraction:
A review of the NIH Clinical Trials registry identified candidate hearing loss therapies, and supporting publications were acquired from MEDLINE/PubMed. Proof-of-concept, therapeutic mechanisms, and clinical outcomes were critically appraised.

Data Synthesis:
Twenty-two active clinical drug trials registered in the United States were identified, and six potentially therapeutic molecules were reviewed. Of the six molecules reviewed, four comprised mechanisms pertaining to mitigating oxidative stress pathways that presumably lead to inner ear cell death. One remaining therapy sought to manipulate the cell death cascade, and the last remaining therapy was a novel cell replacement therapy approach to introduce a transcription factor that promotes hair cell regeneration.

Conclusion:
A common theme in recent clinical trials registered in the United States appears to be the targeting of cell death pathways and influence of oxidant stressors on cochlear sensory neuroepithelium. In addition, a virus-delivered cell replacement therapy would be the first of its kind should it prove safe and efficacious. Significant challenges for bringing these bench-to-bedside therapies to market remain. It is never assured that results in non-human animal models translate to effective therapies in the setting of human biology. Moreover, as additional processes are described in association with hearing loss, such as an immune response and loss of synaptic contacts, additional pathways for targeting become available.
LDL particle number and size and cardiovascular risk: anything new under the sun?
Authors: Allaire Janie , Vors Cécile , Couture Patrick , Lamarche Benoît 
Published: April 2017

Purpose of review
We provide here an up-to-date perspective on the potential use of LDL particle number and size as complementary risk factors to predict and manage cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the clinical realm.

Recent findings
Studies show that a significant proportion of the population has discordant LDL particle number and cholesterol indices [non-HDL cholesterol (HDL-C)]. Data also show that risk prediction may be improved when using information on LDL particle number in patients with discordant particle number and cholesterol data. Yet, most of the current CVD guidelines conclude that LDL particle number is not superior to cholesterol indices, including non-HDL-C concentrations, in predicting CVD risk. LDL particle size, on the other hand, has not been independently associated with CVD risk after adjustment for other risk factors such as LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL-C and that routine use of information pertaining to particle size to determine and manage patients’ risk is not yet justified.

Summary
Additional studies are required to settle the debate on which of cholesterol indices and LDL particle number is the best predictor of CVD risk, and if such measures should be integrated in clinical practice.
Quality Improvement in Clinical Nutrition
Authors: Yordy Beverly Morgan , Roberts Sarah , Taggart Helen M. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of the quality improvement project was to (1) enhance awareness, accuracy, and use of the validated nutrition screening tool by the nurse and (2) improve compliance to the nutrition care plan that included increasing patient meal intake percentage.

Description of the Project:
Nurses were provided with an in-depth educational program focused on the implementation of the nutrition screening tool on patient admission to the clinical site. Second, a unit-level patient protected mealtime program was implemented in an effort to decrease unnecessary mealtime interruptions and promote nurses and nursing assistants to assist with meals during mealtime to improve patient meal intake percentage and, finally, to encourage collaboration between the clinical nurse specialist, unit level nurses, and registered dietitians to improve patient nutritional care.

Outcome:
The results indicate that the quality improvement strategies were successful in promoting the patient protected mealtime program and use of the nutrition screening tool.

Conclusions:
The clinical nurse specialist plays a valuable role in program development, implementation, and evaluation to achieve quality healthcare through interdisciplinary collaboration. Adhering to nutrition guidelines for the hospitalized adult patient improves nutrition care plan guidance and meal intake.
Mouse embryonic stem cells can differentiate via multiple paths to the same state
Authors: Briggs James A. , Li Victor C. , Lee Seungkyu , Woolf Clifford J. , Klein Allon M. , Kirschner Marc W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn embryonic development, cells must differentiate through stereotypical sequences of intermediate states to generate mature states of a particular fate. By contrast, direct programming can generate similar fates through alternative routes, by directly expressing terminal transcription factors. Yet the cell state transitions defining these new routes are unclear. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing to compare two mouse motor neuron differentiation protocols: a standard protocol approximating the embryonic lineage, and a direct programming method. Both undergo similar early neural commitment. Then, rather than transitioning through spinal intermediates like the standard protocol, the direct programming path diverges into a novel transitional state. This state has specific and abnormal gene expression. It opens a ‘loop’ or ‘worm hole’ in gene expression that converges separately onto the final motor neuron state of the standard path. Despite their different developmental histories, motor neurons from both protocols structurally, functionally, and transcriptionally resemble motor neurons from embryos.
Using local family farm products for school feeding programmes: effect on school menus
Authors: Soares Panmela , Martinelli Suellen Secchi , Melgarejo Leonardo , Cavalli Suzi Barletto , Davó-Blanes Mari Carmen 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of the use of food products from family farms on school menus of the school feeding program (SFP) of a municipality in Southern Brazil.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative content analysis was carried out of 16 key informant interviews involved in the SFP, or in agriculture production related to SFP planning, development and supply. The resulting categories were used to construct a quantitative analysis protocol for school menus for three years both prior to and after (n=130 days) procurement of the SFP with food from family farms. The studied variables were the presence (yes/no) of vegetables, fruits, legumes and concentrated foods. Monthly frequency and contrast of proportions were calculated for each variable during the years studied.

Findings
The interviewees recognized that the proximity between food production and the school increased the variety of fresh, natural and organic foods in school menus. The direct supply of the SFP with foods from local family farms resulted in a significant increase (p<0.05) in the frequency of vegetables, fruits and legumes in school menus as well as a progressive reduction in concentrated foods.

Originality/value
The design of food and agriculture policy increases the availability of healthy foods in school menus and has beneficial results for promoting healthy meals in schools.
Public procurement for innovation and civil preparedness: a policy-practice gap
Authors: Storsjö Isabell Therese , Kachali Hlekiwe 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to give a deeper understanding of public procurement for innovation and civil preparedness. The paper focuses on how the policy goals of innovation and preparedness are implemented in procurement practice, and explores the issues that affect innovation- and preparedness-oriented procurement.

Design/methodology/approach
The study is exploratory and based on empirical data from semi-structured interviews with 92 informants in the healthcare, energy and water services sectors in Finland. Interview data were analysed using a coding template, and further categorised to answer the research questions.

Findings
The study brings to light how procurers perceive the different but overlapping policy goals of innovation and preparedness, and whether and how the policy goals are turned into outcomes in the procurement process.

Research limitations/implications
The data were collected from case sectors in Finland. However, considering the adoption of European Union legislation, some of the findings are generalisable in other sectors, organisations and countries.

Practical implications
The paper highlights aspects that can aid procurers, suppliers and policy-makers in understanding how public procurement can be an instrument linking innovation and civil preparedness.

Social implications
It cannot be overemphasised that populations are exposed to more and, arguably, greater hazards. Public authorities can use innovative solutions and processes in meeting multiple objectives such as everyday societal needs as well as civil preparedness and planning.

Originality/value
Such research, purposely sampling case sectors providing critical services, has not been undertaken before in Finland. This work provides valuable information for organisations involved in public procurement, innovation and civil preparedness.
Are the factors affecting satisfaction and actual purchase the same? Comparisons between unplanned and planned purchase
Authors: Yang Sujin , Lee Yun Jung 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the antecedents of actual purchase behavior vs satisfaction at the point of purchase and the antecedents of actual unplanned vs planned purchase behavior.

Design/methodology/approach
By using both survey and actual purchase data from a total of 3,300 shoppers of a Korean fast fashion brand, the multivariate regression analysis and two separate logistic regression analyses were compared to respond to the research questions.

Findings
The noticeable point of the findings is that the factors influencing the level of satisfaction and the probability to purchase were different. As common factors for both actual purchase and satisfaction, value for money, and affordable price are the first things that the practitioners have to keep in mind when developing a strategy for fast fashion stores. However, unplanned shoppers, who are over half of buyers, are negatively influenced by the affordable prices in their buying decisions.

Practical implications
The results of this study have implications for the retailers, especially those selling fast fashion products in South Korea.

Originality/value
The current study has merit because of its use of secondary data collected by a large marketing research company on Korean domestic fast fashion brand. In particular, the combination of the large sample survey data collected right after shopping and the actual receipt of purchase has its unique value.
Wetting properties of Nd:YAG laser treated copper by SAC solders
Authors: Hlinka József , Berczeli Miklós , Buza Gábor , Weltsch Zoltán 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the effect of surface treatment on the wettability between copper and a lead-free solder paste. The industrial applications of laser technologies are increasing constantly. A specific laser treatment can modify the surface energy of copper and affect the wetting properties.

Design/methodology/approach
The surfaces of copper plates were treated using an Nd:YAG laser with varying laser powers. After laser surface treatment, wetting experiments were performed between the copper plates and SAC305 lead-free solder paste. The effect of laser treatment on copper surface was analysed using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Findings
The experimental results showed that the wetting contact angles changed with the variation in laser power. Furthermore, it means that the surface energy of copper plates was changed by the laser treatment. The results demonstrated that the contact angles also changed when a different soldering paste was used.

Originality/value
Previous laser surface treatment can be a possible way to optimize the wettability between solders and substrates and to increase the quality of the soldered joints.
Effect of nano-Cu addition on microstructure evolution of Sn0.7Ag0.5Cu-BiNi/Cu solder joint
Authors: Ban Gaofang , Sun Fenglian , Liu Yang , Cong Shaonan 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the fabrication of SnAgCu (SAC) nanocomposites solder and study the effect of Cu nanopowders (nano-Cu) addition on the microstructure evolution of resultant nanocomposite solder after reflow and thermal aging.

Design/methodology/approach
Mechanical mixing is used in this work to incorporate nanoparticles into the solder and produce more homogeneous mixture. Standard metallographic procedures are applied for microstructural analysis of solder joints.

Findings
It is found that nano-Cu doped into Sn0.7Ag0.5Cu-BiNi solder has no appreciable influence on melting temperature of the composite solder. The addition of Cu nanoparticles refines the microstructure of bulk solder and suppresses the growth of interfacial intermetallic compound (IMC) layers. However, interfacial IMC grain size increases slightly after 1.0 per cent nano-Cu added.

Originality/value
The paper demonstrates a method of nano-composite solder paste preparation by means of mechanical mixing and a comparison study of the microstructure evolution of composite solder with the basic SAC solder.
How fields vary
Authors: Krause Monika 
Published: April 2017

AbstractField theorists have long insisted that research needs to pay attention to the particular properties of each field studied. But while much field‐theoretical research is comparative, either explicitly or implicitly, scholars have only begun to develop the language for describing the dimensions along which fields can be similar to and different from each other. In this context, this paper articulates an agenda for the analysis of variable properties of fields. It discusses variation in the degree but also in the kind of field autonomy. It discusses different dimensions of variation in field structure: fields can be more or less contested, and more or less hierarchical. The structure of symbolic oppositions in a field may take different forms. Lastly, it analyses the dimensions of variation highlighted by research on fields on the sub‐ and transnational scale. Post‐national analysis allows us to ask how fields relate to fields of the same kind on different scales, and how fields relate to fields on the same scale in other national contexts. It allows us to ask about the role resources from other scales play in structuring symbolic oppositions within fields. A more fine‐tuned vocabulary for field variation can help us better describe particular fields and it is a precondition for generating hypotheses about the conditions under which we can expect to observe fields with specified characteristics.
Computed tomography and clinical features associated with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in stage I/II lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zou Jiawei , Lv Tangfeng , Zhu Suhua , Lu Zhenfeng , Shen Qin , Xia Leilei , Wu Jie , Song Yong , Liu Hongbing 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThe relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation status, preoperative computed tomography (CT), and clinical features in patients with small peripheral lung adenocarcinoma (<3 cm) was investigated.MethodsWe included 209 patients who underwent surgical resection for stage I or II lung adenocarcinoma at Nanjing General Hospital between December 2010 and May 2016. 171 cases of patients underwent a pretreatment chest CT. Eleven different CT descriptors were assessed. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for the prediction of EGFR mutation. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the performance of the logistic regression model.Results
EGFR mutation was determined in 126 patients (60.3%) and appeared more frequently in women (
P
= 0.025), never‐smokers (
P
< 0.001), and patients with a carcinoembryonic antigen level <2.6 ng/ml (
P
= 0.045). Papillary predominant adenocarcinomas (
P
= 0.014), intermediate/low pathologic grade tumors (
P
= 0.003), tumors in the upper lobe (
P
= 0.028), and showing ground‐glass opacity (GGO) or mixed GGO on CT (
P
= 0.039) also more frequently harbored EGFR mutations. GGO on CT, acinar or papillary predominant adenocarcinoma, and non‐smoker were identified in multivariable analyses as significantly independent risk factors. The multiple logistic regression model showed high predictive power for identifying EGFR mutations. The CT features were similar between the L858R and 19 deletion mutations.ConclusionsCombined CT and clinical features may be helpful for determining the presence of EGFR mutations in patients with small peripheral lung adenocarcinoma, particularly in patients where mutational profiling is not available or possible.
(Re‐)Locating the Local and National in the Global: Multi‐Scalar Political Alignment in Transnational European Dockworker Union Campaigns
Authors: Fox‐Hodess Katy 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLabour activists have called for greater international co‐ordination among trade unions in response to the assault on organized labour by global capital, but such co‐ordination faces many hurdles. Under what conditions can unions overcome those barriers and co‐ordinate effectively to achieve campaign goals? I examine this question through a comparison of European‐level international solidarity with Portuguese, Greek and English affiliates of the International Dockworkers Council involved in labour disputes. The divergent outcomes of otherwise similar cases reveal the critical role of politics and strategy at different scales and sites of union organization in determining the successful exercise of labour internationalism.