bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the morbidity and mortality of cystectomy and ileal conduit urinary diversion for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction according to the approach: Laparotomy, laparoscopy or robotic
Authors: Deboudt Constance , Perrouin‐Verbe Marie‐Aimée , Le Normand Loic , Perrouin‐Verbe Brigitte , Buge François , Rigaud Jérôme 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate and compare the morbidity and mortality of cystectomy–ileal conduit urinary diversion in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction according to the surgical approach, and to evaluate predictive factors of early and late morbidity.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective study based on 65 patients operated between May 2005 and December 2011. The surgical approach consisted of: laparotomy (n = 11), laparoscopy (n = 14) and robotic (n = 40). Evaluation of early (<30 days) and late (>30 days) morbidity and mortality was carried out according to the Clavien–Dindo classification.ResultsThe operating time was longer (P = 0.007) and the mean time to return of bowel function was shorter (P = 0.012) in the robotic group. The early complication rate for the overall population was 41.5%: minor complications in 32.3% of cases and major complications in 9.2% of cases. A tendency towards a lower minor complication rate was observed in favor of robotic surgery (P = 0.08), with a reduction of the postoperative hemorrhagic complication rate (P = 0.03). The late complication rate for the overall population was 43.1%: minor complications in 20% and major complications in 23.1%. A lower surgical revision rate under general anesthesia was observed in favor of robotic surgery (P = 0.03). No predictive factor of early and late morbidity was identified.ConclusionRobotic cystectomy–ileal conduit urinary diversion in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction is feasible and safe. Its morbidity in experienced hands seems to be limited and comparable with laparoscopy or open surgery.
Laboring Under Chávez: Populism for the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Posner Paul W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis analysis addresses two interrelated questions: what were labor conditions like under Hugo Chávez? and what do those conditions suggest about the relationship between populism and leftism in Latin America? The answer to the first question is unequivocal. Despite its socialist rhetoric, the Chávez regime fragmented and weakened organized labor, undermined collective bargaining, and exploited vulnerable workers in cooperatives. Thus the regime's primary foible was not its radical leftism but its pursuit of populist control at the expense of the leftist goals of diminishing the domination of marginalized groups and expanding their autonomous participation in civil society. This appraisal of labor politics under Chávez indicates substantial tension between the realization of these leftist goals and populist governance. It further suggests the need to distinguish more clearly between leftism and populism and their respective impacts on democracy.
Online Collaboration in Design Education: an Experiment in Real‐Time Manipulation of Prototypes and Communication
Authors: Dreamson Neal 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe features of collaboration in design education include effective and efficient communication and reflection, and feasible manipulation of design objects. For collaborative design, information and communication technology offers educators the possibility to change design pedagogy. However, there is a paucity of literature on relative advantages and disadvantages of online collaboration for real‐time manipulation of design objects and prototypes, particularly in web design education. Using survey instrumentations, this study investigated online collaborative design practices with an application by measuring experiences of communication and interaction among twelve designers who are enrolled in a Master's programme in interactive design. The study identified barriers to online collaboration design: (1) real‐time manipulation of design objects and prototypes may increase complexity of communication interaction; (2) records of communication and invisibility of team members may attenuate quality and frequency of critical feedback to each other; (3) students’ attitudes towards collaboration, individual students’ learning goals, and completing tasks in a timely manner could reduce their engagement and increase their reliance on teacher intervention.
To remember: Radiotherapy – a successful treatment for early Dupuytren′s disease
Authors: Eberlein B. , Biedermann T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDupuytren′s disease (DD) is a common fibroproliferative condition of the hand which tends to cause progressive digital flexion contracture. Therapeutic strategies to treat the disease include radiotherapy, injections of collagenase clostridium histolyticum, needle fasciotomy and extended surgical intervention dependent on involvement and duration of the disease. We have reviewed the literature with the aim to assess the conditions and effects of radiotherapy in DD. In early stages of the disease, radiotherapy resulted in regression of symptoms/a lack of progression found on average in 40% (range 10–85%)/81% (range 50–100%) of the patients with recurrence rates of only 12–31% after long‐term follow‐up (>4 years). These results proved to be significantly better than in the untreated patients with natural course of the disease (about 50% progression after a follow‐up of 5–6 years). Long‐term side‐effects (skin dryness) are observed on average in one quarter of the patients, but are well tolerated. Local occurrence of malignancies has not been reported yet. Due to severe functional impairment leading to individual suffering and the high economic burden, treatment of DD in early stages is necessary and radiation therapy represents an effective, safe and economic treatment option.
Proteolysis of α‐synuclein fibrils in the lysosomal pathway limits induction of inclusion pathology
Authors: Sacino Amanda N. , Brooks Mieu M. , Chakrabarty Paramita , Saha Kaustuv , Khoshbouei Habibeh , Golde Todd E. , Giasson Benoit I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractProgression of α‐synuclein inclusion pathology may occur through cycles of release and uptake of α‐synuclein aggregates, which induce additional intracellular α‐synuclein inclusion pathology. This process may explain (i) the presence of α‐synuclein inclusion pathology in grafted cells in human brains, and (ii) the slowly progressive nature of most human α‐synucleinopathies. It also provides a rationale for therapeutic targeting of extracellular aggregates to limit pathology spread. We investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying intraneuronal α‐synuclein aggregation following exposure to exogenous preformed α‐synuclein amyloid fibrils. Exogenous α‐synuclein fibrils efficiently attached to cell membranes and were subsequently internalized and degraded within the endosomal/lysosomal system. However, internalized α‐synuclein amyloid fibrils can apparently overwhelm the endosomal/lysosomal machinery leading to the induction of intraneuronal α‐synuclein inclusions comprised of endogenous α‐synuclein. Furthermore, the efficiency of inclusion formation was relatively low in these studies compared to studies using primary neuronal‐glial cultures over‐expressing α‐synuclein. Our study indicates that under physiologic conditions, endosomal/lysosomal function acts as an endogenous barrier to the induction of α‐synuclein inclusion pathology, but when compromised, it may lower the threshold for pathology induction/transmission.
image
Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13787.
Hospital Characteristics are Associated With Readiness to Attain Stage 2 Meaningful Use of Electronic Health Records
Authors: Kim Jungyeon , Ohsfeldt Robert L. , Gamm Larry D. , Radcliff Tiffany A. , Jiang Luohua 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeTo examine the difference between rural and urban hospitals as to their overall level of readiness for stage 2 meaningful use of electronic health records (EHRs) and to identify other key factors that affect their readiness for stage 2 meaningful use.MethodsA conceptual framework based on the theory of organizational readiness for change was used in a cross‐sectional multivariate analysis using 2,083 samples drawn from the HIMSS Analytics survey conducted with US hospitals in 2013.FindingsRural hospitals were less likely to be ready for stage 2 meaningful use compared to urban hospitals in the United States (OR = 0.49) in our final model. Hospitals’ past experience with an information exchange initiative, staff size in the information system department, and the Chief Information Officer (CIO)’s responsibility for health information management were identified as the most critical organizational contextual factors that were associated with hospitals’ readiness for stage 2. Rural hospitals lag behind urban hospitals in EHR adoption, which will hinder the interoperability of EHRs among providers across the nation. The identification of critical factors that relate to the adoption of EHR systems provides insights into possible organizational change efforts that can help hospitals to succeed in attaining meaningful use requirements.ConclusionRural hospitals have increasingly limited resources, which have resulted in a struggle for these facilities to attain meaningful use. Given increasing closures among rural hospitals, it is all the more important that EHR development focus on advancing rural hospital quality of care and linkages with patients and other organizations supporting the care of their patients.
Plasma biomarkers to study mechanisms of liver injury in patients with hypoxic hepatitis
Authors: Weemhoff James L. , Woolbright Benjamin L. , Jenkins Rosalind E. , McGill Mitchell R. , Sharpe Matthew R. , Olson Jody C. , Antoine Daniel J. , Curry Steven C. , Jaeschke Hartmut 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsHypoxic hepatitis is a clinical condition precipitated by prolonged periods of oxygen deprivation to the liver. It can have several underlying causes. Despite its prevalence in critically ill patients, which can reach upwards of 10%, very little is known about the mechanisms of injury. Thus, we set out to measure previously identified circulating biomarkers in an attempt to describe mechanisms of injury following hypoxic hepatitis.MethodsPlasma from patients diagnosed with hypoxic hepatitis was collected for this study. Biomarkers of hepatocellular injury, mitochondrial damage and cell death were measured. These results were compared against results obtained from well‐characterized acetaminophen overdose patients.ResultsAt peak injury, ALT measured 4082±606 U/L and gradually decreased over 5 days, corresponding to the clinically observed pattern of hypoxic hepatitis. Levels of GDH showed a similar pattern, but neither ALT nor GDH were significantly higher in these patients than in acetaminophen patients. Plasma levels of DNA fragments mimicked hepatocellular injury as measured by ALT and miRNA‐122. Interestingly, we found a significant increase in caspase‐cleaved cytokeratin‐18; however, the full‐length form greatly exceeded the cleaved form at the time of maximum injury (45837±12085 vs 2528±1074 U/L). We also found an increase in acHMGB1 at later time points indicating a possible role of inflammation, but cytokine levels at these times were actually decreased relative to early time points.ConclusionsThe mechanism of injury following hypoxic hepatitis involves mitochondrial damage and DNA fragmentation. Importantly, necrosis, rather than apoptosis, is the main mode of cell death.
The evolutionary scenario of hepatocellular carcinoma in Italy: an update
Authors: Bucci Laura , Garuti Francesca , Lenzi Barbara , Pecorelli Anna , Farinati Fabio , Giannini Edoardo G. , Granito Alessandro , Ciccarese Francesca , Rapaccini Gian Lodovico , Di Marco Maria , Caturelli Eugenio , Zoli Marco , Borzio Franco , Sacco Rodolfo , Cammà Calogero , Virdone Roberto , Marra Fabio , Felder Martina , Morisco Filomena , Benvegnù Luisa , Gasbarrini Antonio , Svegliati‐Baroni Gianluca , Foschi Francesco Giuseppe , Missale Gabriele , Masotto Alberto , Nardone Gerardo , Colecchia Antonio , Bernardi Mauro , Trevisani Franco ,   the Italian Liver Cancer (ITA.LI.CA) group
Published: July 2016

Background & AimsEpidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma is changing worldwide. This study aimed at evaluating the changing scenario of aetiology, presentation, management and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma in Italy during the last 15 years.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the ITA.LI.CA (Italian Liver Cancer) database including 5192 hepatocellular carcinoma patients managed in 24 centres from 2000 to 2014. Patients were divided into three groups according to the date of cancer diagnosis (2000–2004, 2005–2009 and 2010–2014).ResultsThe main results were as follows: (i) progressive patient aging; (ii) progressive expansion of non‐viral cases and, namely, of “metabolic” hepatocellular carcinomas; (iii) increasing proportion of hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosed during a correct (semi‐annual) surveillance programme; (iv) favourable cancer stage migration; (v) increased use of radiofrequency ablation to the detriment of percutaneous ethanol injection; (vi) improved outcomes of ablative and transarterial treatments; (vii) improved overall survival (adjusted for the lead time in surveyed patients), particularly after 2009, of both viral and non‐viral patients presenting with an early‐ or intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma.ConclusionsDuring the last 15 years several aetiological and clinical features of hepatocellular carcinoma patients have changed, as their management. The observed improvement of overall survival was owing both to the wider use of semi‐annual surveillance, expanding the proportion of tumours that qualified for curative treatments, and to the improved outcome of loco‐regional treatments.
The response of phytoplankton and zooplankton to river damming in three cascading reservoirs of the Tana River, Kenya
Authors: Okuku Eric Ochieng , Tole Mwakio , Kiteresi Linet Imbayi , Bouillon Steven 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRiver damming reduces the ecological heterogeneity of ecosystems, with a resultant shift of communities adapted to lotic conditions to those better adapted to the newly created lentic environment. Whereas the response of phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition and structure to river damming has been extensively studied in individual reservoirs, this study assessed three cascading reservoirs on the Tana River, Kenya. A total of five sampling campaigns were carried out in 2011, 2012 and 2013 for different sampling sites within each of the reservoirs, as well as upstream and downstream of the reservoirs. Plankton communities within each of the three reservoirs, and upstream of the reservoirs, were compared, indicating (i) the disappearance of 13 phytoplankton and 2 zooplankton taxa; (ii) the appearance (invasion) by 26 phytoplankton and 33 zooplankton taxa; and (iii) an opportunistic presence of 7 phytoplankton and 6 zooplankton taxa. Thirty‐two genera of potentially harmful algae were also encountered, suggesting a potential future threat of harmful algal blooms. A significant reduction in phytoplankton diversity and taxa evenness was also observed, as well as increases in overall abundance in the reservoirs, compared to the river upstream of the study reservoirs. However, these ecological indices were restored to the original levels observed upstream of the study reservoirs at sites hundreds of kilometres downstream of the reservoirs.
Near–Infrared‐Responsive Peptide that Targets Collagen Fibrils to Induce Cytotoxicity
Authors: Honda Masayuki , Odawara Aoi , Suzuki Ikuro , Shimada Morio , Yoshikawa Kohki , Okada Tomoko 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA novel conjugate, PHG10 dye, was synthesized using a collagen peptide and a near–infrared (NIR)‐responsive dye to achieve targeted cytotoxicity. The collagen peptide motif, ‐(Pro‐Hyp‐Gly)10‐ (PHG10), was incorporated for targeting collagen fibrils that are excessively produced by activated fibroblasts around tumor cells. PHG10 dye was purified by HPLC and identified by MALDI‐MS. The phototoxicity and cytotoxicity of PHG10 dye were examined using human glioma cells (HGCs). Fluorescent images indicated that PHG10 dye preferably assembled to collagen‐coated HGCs compared with noncoated HGCs. Under irradiation with NIR light, effective cytotoxicity was observed on collagen‐coated HGCs within 20 min. Because phototoxicity and cytotoxicity are dependent on the assembled amount of PHG10 dye, the targeting of collagen fibrils by the collagen peptide motif PHG10 is assured.
Helminth–microparasite co‐infection in wildlife: lessons from ruminants, rodents and rabbits
Authors: Ezenwa V. O. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryCo‐infection is now recognized as the natural state of affairs in most hosts and co‐infecting parasites interact in a variety of ways that can impact host health and parasite fitness. Interactions between helminths and microparasites have captured particular attention in this regard owing to the ubiquity of helminth infections in many host populations. The mechanistic underpinnings and health implications of co‐infection are typically studied in laboratory and clinical settings, but recently studies of wild species have begun to tackle similar issues. Case studies from three wild mammal groups—ruminants, rodents and rabbits—serve to highlight how wild studies are contributing to the broader co‐infection literature. This work suggests that wildlife research can generate new and unique insights about helminth–microparasite co‐infection that are fostered in part by studying parasite interactions in a natural context. For this reason, increased integration of wild studies with research in human, laboratory and veterinary animal populations can help pave the way towards a more complete understanding of the issue of co‐infection.
Anisakis – immunology of a foodborne parasitosis
Authors: Nieuwenhuizen Natalie E. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAnisakis species are marine nematodes which can cause zoonotic infection in humans if consumed in raw, pickled or undercooked fish and seafood. Infection with Anisakis is associated with abdominal pain, nausea and diarrhoea and can lead to massive infiltration of eosinophils and formation of granulomas in the gastrointestinal tract if the larvae are not removed. Re‐infection leads to systemic allergic reactions such as urticarial or anaphylaxis in some individuals, making Anisakis an important source of hidden allergens in seafood. This review summarizes the immunopathology associated with Anisakis infection. Anisakiasis and gastroallergic reactions can be prevented by consuming only fish that has been frozen to −20°C to the core for at least 24 hours before preparation. Sensitization to Anisakis proteins can also occur, primarily due to occupational exposure to infested fish, and can lead to dermatitis, rhinoconjunctivitis or asthma. In this case, exposure to fish should be avoided.
Dental utilization for Medicaid‐enrolled children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sarvas Elise W. , Huebner Colleen E. , Scott JoAnna M. , Aps Johan K.M. , Chi Donald L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesDespite a multitude of risk factors, children with cystic fibrosis (CF) have lower reported dental caries prevalence. A potential explanation is preventive dental care use, but no studies to date have examined dental use for children with CF.MethodologyIowa Medicaid data were analyzed for children age 3 to 17 years (N = 156,268). Poisson regression models were used to compare utilization rates for any dental care and also for specific categories of dental care, by CF status.ResultsChildren with CF were significantly less likely to use any dental care than children without CF (incident rate ratio: 0.819, 95% CI: 0.80 to 0.84, p < .001). There were no significant differences in use across specific categories of dental care.ConclusionsMedicaid‐enrolled children with CF are less likely to use dental care than children without CF. These findings suggest that use of dental care use is an unlikely explanation for lower purported caries rates among children with CF.
The Feasibility of the Double‐Dividend Hypothesis in a Democratic Economy
Authors: Lai Yu‐Bong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe two dividends in the double‐dividend hypothesis are assumed to be independent. This assumption can be misleading when it comes to formulating policy. I construct a model where the pollution tax rate is voted for by heterogeneous people. In addition to the revenue‐recycling effect, the equilibrium pollution tax rate depends on two opposite forces: the tax‐cutting effect and the profit effect. The two forces show that an instrument that exploits a greater revenue‐recycling effect can cause a more severe environmental deterioration, thereby resulting in the infeasibility of the hypothesis. The introduction of the interdependence between the two dividends can also mean that non‐revenue‐raising instruments are more efficient than revenue‐raising instruments.
Stealing or Sharing? Cross‐Cultural Issues of Plagiarism in an Open‐Source Era
Authors: Haitch Russell 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMore professors and institutions want to move from a detect‐and‐punish to an educate‐and‐prevent model for dealing with plagiarism. Understanding the causes of plagiarism, especially among international students, can aid in efforts to educate students and prevent plagiarism. Research points to a confluence of causal factors, such as time pressure, language differences, and unclear rules. Though not the primary factor, ethical differences between cultures are also germane. Overall, the plight of international students summons institutions to examine their ethical norms of attribution. Plagiarism has a cultural history tied to concepts of individual creativity, but its future may look quite different in an era with increased communal sharing of ideas and images.
Does Globalisation Affect Crime? Theory and Evidence
Authors: Ghosh Arghya , Robertson Peter E. , Robitaille Marie‐Claire 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGlobalisation sceptics argue that trade liberalisation has high social costs, including an increase in expropriative behaviour such as civil conflict, coercion of labour and crime. We show that a theoretical relationship between trade and expropriation exists, but the sign differs for developed and developing economies. We verify this empirically using data on crime rates. Specifically, we find that trade liberalisation, as measured by both higher openness and lower import duty rates, tends to increase burglaries and theft in very labour‐abundant countries. For other countries, however, we find that trade liberalisation has either a small negative effect on crime or no effect, depending on the country's capital abundance.