bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of a Regularisation Parameter for a Robin Inverse Problem
Authors: Fang Xi-Ming , Lin Fu-Rong , Wang Chao 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe consider the nonlinear and ill-posed inverse problem where the Robin coefficient in the Laplace equation is to be estimated using the measured data from the accessible part of the boundary. Two regularisation methods are considered — viz. L2 and H1 regularisation. The regularised problem is transformed to a nonlinear least squares problem; and a suitable regularisation parameter is chosen via the normalised cumulative periodogram (NCP) curve of the residual vector under the assumption of white noise, where information on the noise level is not required. Numerical results show that the proposed method is efficient and competitive.
Semilocal Convergence Analysis for MMN-HSS Methods under Hölder Conditions
Authors: Li Yang , Guo Xue-Ping 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMulti-step modified Newton-HSS (MMN-HSS) methods, which are variants of inexact Newton methods, have been shown to be competitive for solving large sparse systems of nonlinear equations with positive definite Jacobian matrices. Previously, we established these MMN-HSS methods under Lipschitz conditions, and we now present a semilocal convergence theorem assuming the nonlinear operator satisfies milder Hölder continuity conditions. Some numerical examples demonstrate our theoretical analysis.
Itzï (version 17.1): an open-source, distributed GIS model for dynamic flood simulation
Authors: Courty Laurent Guillaume , Pedrozo-Acuña Adrián , Bates Paul David 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Worldwide, floods are acknowledged as one of the most destructive hazards. In human-dominated environments, their negative impacts are ascribed not only to the increase in frequency and intensity of floods but also to a strong feedback between the hydrological cycle and anthropogenic development. In order to advance a more comprehensive understanding of this complex interaction, this paper presents the development of a new open-source tool named Itzï that enables the 2-D numerical modelling of rainfall–runoff processes and surface flows integrated with the open-source geographic information system (GIS) software known as GRASS. Therefore, it takes advantage of the ability given by GIS environments to handle datasets with variations in both temporal and spatial resolutions. Furthermore, the presented numerical tool can handle datasets from different sources with varied spatial resolutions, facilitating the preparation and management of input and forcing data. This ability reduces the preprocessing time usually required by other models. Itzï uses a simplified form of the shallow water equations, the damped partial inertia equation, for the resolution of surface flows, and the Green–Ampt model for the infiltration. The source code is now publicly available online, along with complete documentation. The numerical model is verified against three different tests cases: firstly, a comparison with an analytic solution of the shallow water equations is introduced; secondly, a hypothetical flooding event in an urban area is implemented, where results are compared to those from an established model using a similar approach; and lastly, the reproduction of a real inundation event that occurred in the city of Kingston upon Hull, UK, in June 2007, is presented. The numerical approach proved its ability at reproducing the analytic and synthetic test cases. Moreover, simulation results of the real flood event showed its suitability at identifying areas affected by flooding, which were verified against those recorded after the event by local authorities.
INTERFACE ENTRE REGULAÇÃO EM SAÚDE E EQUIDADE: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA DA LITERATURA
Authors: Peiter Caroline Cechinel , Lanzoni Gabriela Marcelino de Melo , De Oliveira Walter Ferreira 
Published: May 2017

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a interface entre a Regulação em Saúde e o princípio da equidade segundo a literatura científica da área de saúde, de 2008 a 2015. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, a partir de duas bases de dados, realizada em junho de 2016. Foram analisados 15 estudos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. A síntese do conhecimento foi feita por duas categorias de análise: 1) “Equidade e Acesso” e 2) “Reforma de sistemas de saúde”. A Regulação em Saúde é compreendida como importante ferramenta para promoção da equidade. Os serviços de saúde devem priorizar o atendimento de usuários com maiores riscos, permitindo que todos tenham adequados níveis de saúde, a partir de ofertas de serviços distintos, segundo as necessidades individuais. Temas como equidade, acesso e financiamento foram pontos fortes considerados nos processos de reforma dos sistemas de saúde.
Études universitaires en français en Ontario : entre motivations personnelles et contraintes institutionnelles
Authors: Boissonneault Julie 
Published: May 2017

L’étude de Julie Boissonneault s’inscrit dans le droit fil de ses préoccupations depuis plus d’une décennie et en parfait synchronisme avec les revendications contemporaines des étudiants francophones, spécialement celles de 2014 et 2015, pour le droit à l’université de langue française en Ontario. Portant son regard sur la fréquentation des établissements universitaires, elle se demande dans quelle langue les Franco-Ontariens font leur scolarité. Sont alors mises en jeu la langue maternelle et la langue de la scolarité à l’élémentaire et au secondaire comme vecteur de leur motivation à étudier en français au palier supérieur. Pour mener à terme son projet, elle analyse le discours même d’un groupe d’étudiants inscrits à l’Université Laurentienne en 2005, obtenu à l’aide d’un questionnaire par lequel ils expriment leurs motivations. L’article lève ainsi le voile sur une facette peu explorée dans le choix d’étudier dans la langue de la minorité : celle des contraintes institutionnelles qui entravent l’intention et la réalisation des études universitaires en français.
Common and rare genetic markers of lipid variation in subjects with type 2 diabetes from the ACCORD clinical trial
Authors: Marvel Skylar W. , Rotroff Daniel M. , Wagner Michael J. , Buse John B. , Havener Tammy M. , McLeod Howard L. , Motsinger-Reif Alison A. ,   The ACCORD/ACCORDion Investigators
Published: May 2017

Background
Individuals with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Alterations in circulating lipid levels, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) are heritable risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Here we conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of common and rare variants to investigate associations with baseline lipid levels in 7,844 individuals with type 2 diabetes from the ACCORD clinical trial.

Methods
DNA extracted from stored blood samples from ACCORD participants were genotyped using the Affymetrix Axiom Biobank 1 Genotyping Array. After quality control and genotype imputation, association of common genetic variants (CV), defined as minor allele frequency (MAF) ≥ 3%, with baseline levels of TC, LDL, HDL, and TG was tested using a linear model. Rare variant (RV) associations (MAF < 3%) were conducted using a suite of methods that collapse multiple RV within individual genes.

Results
Many statistically significant CV (p < 1 × 10−8) replicate findings in large meta-analyses in non-diabetic subjects. RV analyses also confirmed findings in other studies, whereas significant RV associations with CNOT2, HPN-AS1, and SIRPD appear to be novel (q < 0.1).

Discussion
Here we present findings for the largest GWAS of lipid levels in people with type 2 diabetes to date. We identified 17 statistically significant (p < 1 × 10−8) associations of CV with lipid levels in 11 genes or chromosomal regions, all of which were previously identified in meta-analyses of mostly non-diabetic cohorts. We also identified 13 associations in 11 genes based on RV, several of which represent novel findings.
Porites superfusamortality and recovery from a bleaching event at Palmyra Atoll, USA
Authors: Furby Kathryn Anne , Smith Jennifer Ellen , Sandin Stuart Adrian 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe demography of a coral colony is not a binary trajectory of life and death. Based on the flexibility afforded by colonial organization, most reef-building corals employ a variety of dynamic survival strategies, including growth and shrinkage. The demographic flexibility affects coral size, shape and reproductive output, among other factors. It is thus critical to quantify the relative importance of key dynamics of recruitment, mortality, growth and shrinkage in changing the overall cover of coral on a reef.MethodsUsing fixed photographic quadrats, we tracked the patterns of change in the cover of one common central Pacific coral,Porites superfusa, before and after the 2009 ENSO event.ResultsCoral colonies suffered both whole and partial colony mortality, although larger colonies were more likely to survive. In subsequent years, recruitment of new colonies and regrowth of surviving colonies both contributed to the modest recovery ofP. superfusa.DiscussionThis study is unique in its quantitative comparisons of coral recruitment versus regrowth during periods of areal expansion. Our data suggest that recovery is not limited simply to the long pathway of settlement, recruitment and early growth of new colonies but is accelerated by means of regrowth of already established colonies having suffered partial mortality.
Large‐Eddy Simulation of a katabatic jet along a convexly curved slope: 2. Evidence of Görtler vortices
Authors: Brun Christophe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper is the second part of a study of katabatic jet along a convexly curved slope with a maximum angle of about 35.5°. Large‐Eddy Simulation (LES) is performed with a special focus on the outer‐layer shear of the katabatic jet. In the first part, a basic statistical quantitative analysis of the flow was performed. Here a qualitative and quantitative description of vortical structures is used to gain insight in the present 3‐D turbulent flow. It is shown that Görtler vortices oriented in the streamwise downslope direction develop in the shear layer. They spread with a specific mushroom shape in the vertical direction up to about 100 m height. They play a main role with respect to local turbulent mixing in the ground surface boundary layer. The present curved slope configuration constitutes a realistic model for alpine orography. This paper provides a procedure based on local turbulence anisotropy to track Görtler vortices for in situ measurements, which has never been proposed in the literature.
Bed load transport and boundary roughness changes as competing causes of hysteresis in the relationship between river discharge and seismic amplitude recorded near a steep mountain stream
Authors: Roth Danica L. , Finnegan Noah J. , Brodsky Emily E. , Rickenmann Dieter , Turowski Jens M. , Badoux Alexandre , Gimbert Florent 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHysteresis in the relationship between bed load transport and river stage is a well‐documented phenomenon with multiple known causes. Consequently, numerous studies have interpreted hysteresis in the relationship between seismic ground motion near rivers and some measure of flow strength (i.e., discharge or stage) as the signature of bed load transport. Here we test this hypothesis in the Erlenbach stream (Swiss Prealps) using a metric to quantitatively compare hysteresis in seismic data with hysteresis recorded by geophones attached beneath steel plates within the streambed, a well‐calibrated proxy for direct sediment transport measurements. We find that while both the geophones and seismometers demonstrate hysteresis, the magnitude and direction of hysteresis are not significantly correlated between these data, indicating that the seismic signal at this site is primarily reflecting hysteresis in processes other than sediment transport. Seismic hysteresis also does not correlate significantly with the magnitude of sediment transport recorded by the geophones, contrary to previous studies' assumptions. We suggest that hydrologic sources and changes in water turbulence, for instance due to evolving boundary conditions at the bed, rather than changes in sediment transport rates, may sometimes contribute to or even dominate the hysteresis observed in seismic amplitudes near steep mountain rivers.
Altitude‐dependent influence of snow cover on alpine land surface phenology
Authors: Xie Jing , Kneubühler Mathias , Garonna Irene , Notarnicola Claudia , De Gregorio Ludovica , De Jong Rogier , Chimani Barbara , Schaepman Michael E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSnow cover impacts alpine land surface phenology in various ways, but our knowledge about the effect of snow cover on alpine land surface phenology is still limited. We studied this relationship in the European Alps using satellite‐derived metrics of snow cover phenology (SCP), namely, first snow fall, last snow day, and snow cover duration (SCD), in combination with land surface phenology (LSP), namely, start of season (SOS), end of season, and length of season (LOS) for the period of 2003–2014. We tested the dependency of interannual differences (Δ) of SCP and LSP metrics with altitude (up to 3000 m above sea level) for seven natural vegetation types, four main climatic subregions, and four terrain expositions. We found that 25.3% of all pixels showed significant (p < 0.05) correlation between ΔSCD and ΔSOS and 15.3% between ΔSCD and ΔLOS across the entire study area. Correlations between ΔSCD and ΔSOS as well as ΔSCD and ΔLOS are more pronounced in the northern subregions of the Alps, at high altitudes, and on north and west facing terrain—or more generally, in regions with longer SCD. We conclude that snow cover has a greater effect on alpine phenology at higher than at lower altitudes, which may be attributed to the coupled influence of snow cover with underground conditions and air temperature. Alpine ecosystems may therefore be particularly sensitive to future change of snow cover at high altitudes under climate warming scenarios.
Editorial: Thanking the JGR Space Physics reviewers of 2016
Authors: Liemohn Michael W. , Wang Yuming , Rodger Alan , Kepko Larry , Balikhin Michael 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Journal of Geophysical Research Space Physics Editors wish to whole‐heartedly thank the 1602 scientists that invested their time, expertise, and effort in service to the journal and the research community by conducting 3997 reviews in 2016.
Della Proteins: Master Regulators of Gibberellin‐Responsive Growth and Development
Authors: Thomas Stephen G. , Blázquez Miguel A. , Alabadí David 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

In flowering plants, DELLA proteins (DELLAs) have emerged as the master transcriptional regulators that are responsible for repressing all aspects of gibberellin (GA)‐dependent growth and development. Although we now have a good understanding of how GAs relieve the growth repression exerted by DELLAs, our understanding of the mechanisms through which these proteins act has only started to emerge in the last few years. It has become apparent that DELLAs physically associate with a myriad of proteins, including transcription factors, altering their activities and promoting the transcriptional changes that control GA‐responsive growth and development. Fascinatingly, the role of DELLAs does not appear to revolve exclusively around transcriptional control, with a recent report demonstrating that they are directly involved in the reorientation of microtubules in the
Arabidopsis
hypocotyl. These recent observations add a further dimension to a remarkable class of regulatory proteins.
Interactions Between Gibberellins and Other Hormones
Authors: Ross John J. , Miraghazadeh Asemeh , Beckett Amelia H. , Quittenden Laura J. , McAdam Erin L. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In this chapter we discuss interactions between the gibberellins (GAs) and other plant hormones. Auxin and ethylene exert strong effects on GA levels, and at least some of the physiological responses to auxin are mediated by increased GA content. Abscisic acid (ABA) and GA appear to negatively regulate each other's levels in seeds, consistent with their antagonistic effects on germination. It has been suggested that several non‐GA hormones affect the stability of DELLAs, the key signalling proteins that are destabilised by GAs. However, it appears that the reported effects of these additional hormones on DELLA stability are either mediated by changes in GA content, or have not yet been confirmed. Recent papers provide evidence that DELLAs physically interact with transcriptional regulators from the signalling pathways of the brassinosteroids, ethylene, jasmonic acid and ABA. This may represent a physiologically significant way in which GAs interact with other signalling pathways, and helps to explain how DELLAs, which lack a conserved DNA binding domain, can regulate gene transcription.
Gibberellins and Plant Reproduction
Authors: Plackett Andrew R.G. , Wilson Zoe A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe involvement of the phytohormone gibberellin (GA) in land plant reproductive processes is ancient, but is best understood in flowering plants (angiosperms). GA acts in angiosperms to promote the transition from vegetative to reproductive development, and subsequent development of both male (stamen) and female (pistil) floral organs. Coordinating growth between these organs to promote successful fertilisation is a key regulatory function of GA. Its functions in female development are not well understood, but in stamens a number of downstream regulatory pathways have been determined. GA signalling directly regulates processes both in pollen development and in the surrounding anther tissues, particularly the tapetum. Female fertility also requires GA, which, while incompletely understood, regulates both pistil and ovule development. GA is a crucial trigger of fruit development upon fertilisation, and subsequently contributes to both the development of viable seeds and of fruiting structures.
Septic Arthritis in Emergency Departments in the US: A National Study of Health Care Utilization and Time Trends
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Yu Shaohua 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the health care utilization and emergency department (ED) charges for septic arthritis.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of ED visits with septic arthritis as the primary diagnosis using the US Nationwide Emergency Department Sample data from 2009–2012. We examined ED charges, hospitalization, and associated time trends. Multivariable models were adjusted for demographics (age, sex, insurance status, residence, and household income), comorbidity, and hospital characteristics to assess factors associated with ED charges and hospitalization.ResultsSeptic arthritis was responsible for 16,382 ED visits in 2012 in the US, which constituted 0.01% of all ED visits. The number of ED visits was stable from 2009–2012. Total ED charges were $34.6, $30.6, and $36.9 million in 2009, 2010, and 2012, respectively, and mean ED charges were $2,149, $1,866, and $2,257, respectively. The majority of the patients with an ED visit for septic arthritis were hospitalized: 82%, 83%, and 84% in 2009, 2010, and 2012, respectively. Metropolitan residence and western US location were associated with higher ED charges, and the highest income quartile, renal failure, or osteoarthritis were associated with lower ED charges. Female sex, metropolitan residence, metropolitan teaching hospital status, and medical comorbidity (diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, gout, osteoarthritis, renal failure, and heart failure) were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization.ConclusionComorbidities were associated with a higher risk of hospitalization after an ED visit for septic arthritis, but not higher ED charges. No time trends in ED visit incidence, ED charges, or hospitalization rate for septic arthritis from 2009–2012 were noted.
Intramolecular Cross‐Linking: Addressing Mechanochemistry with a Bioinspired Approach
Authors: Levy Avishai , Wang Feng , Lang Arad , Galant Or , Diesendruck Charles E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMany of the attractive properties in polymers are a consequence of their high molecular weight and therefore, scission of chains due to mechanochemistry leads to deterioration in properties and performance. Intramolecular cross‐links are systematically added to linear chains, slowing down mechanochemical degradation to the point where the chains become virtually invincible to shear in solution. Our approach mimics the immunoglobulin‐like domains of Titin, whose structure directs mechanical force towards the scission of sacrificial intramolecular hydrogen bonds, absorbing mechanical energy while unfolding. The kinetics of the mechanochemical reactions supports this hypothesis, as the polymer properties are maintained while high rates of mechanochemistry are observed. Our results demonstrate that polymers with intramolecular cross‐links can be used to make solutions which, even under severe shear, maintain key properties such as viscosity.
A Long‐Range Acting Dehydratase Domain as the Missing Link for C17‐Dehydration in Iso‐Migrastatin Biosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Bo , Xu Zhengren , Teng Qihui , Pan Guohui , Ma Ming , Shen Ben 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe dehydratase domains (DHs) of the iso‐migrastatin (iso‐MGS) polyketide synthase (PKS) were investigated by systematic inactivation of the DHs in module‐6, ‐9, ‐10 of MgsF (i.e., DH6, DH9, DH10) and module‐11 of MgsG (i.e., DH11) in vivo, followed by structural characterization of the metabolites accumulated by the mutants, and biochemical characterization of DH10 in vitro, using polyketide substrate mimics with varying chain lengths. These studies allowed us to assign the functions for all four DHs, identifying DH10 as the dedicated dehydratase that catalyzes the dehydration of the C17 hydroxy group during iso‐MGS biosynthesis. In contrast to canonical DHs that catalyze dehydration of the β‐hydroxy groups of the nascent polyketide intermediates, DH10 acts in a long‐range manner that is unprecedented for type I PKSs, a novel dehydration mechanism that could be exploited for polyketide structural diversity by combinatorial biosynthesis and synthetic biology.
Sulfone–Metal Exchange and Alkylation of Sulfonylnitriles
Authors: Yang Xun , Nath Dinesh , Gau Michael R. , Steward Omar W. , Fleming Fraser F. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe first general sulfone–metal exchange is described. Treating substituted 2‐pyridylsulfonylacetonitriles with either BuLi or Bu3MgLi generates metalated nitriles that efficiently intercept a variety of electrophiles to afford quaternary nitriles. The 2‐pyridylsulfone is critical for the sulfone–metal exchange because chelation anchors the organometallic proximal to the electrophilic, tetrasubstituted sulfone to override complex‐induced deprotonation. Alkylating commercial 2‐pyridinesulfonylacetonitrile with mild bases, either K2CO3 or DBU, and subsequent sulfone–metal exchange and alkylation rapidly assembles quaternary nitriles by three alkylations, only one of which requires an organometallic reagent.