bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is a gesture? A lesson from comparative gesture research
Authors: Liebal Katja 
Published: May 2017

AbstractResearch into nonhuman primates’ gestures is often limited by the lack of clear criteria to define a gesture and by studying gestures separately from other communicative means. Despite the fundamental differences between the gestural communication of humans and other primates, I argue that sign language research might benefit from the lessons learned from these drawbacks and the current developments in primate communication research.
“Target-absent” decisions in cancer nodule detection are more efficient than “target-present” decisions!
Authors: Crawford Trevor J. , Litchfield Damien , Donovan Tim 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMany parts of the medical image are never fixated when a radiologist searches for cancer nodules. Experts are able to use peripheral vision very efficiently. The size of the functional visual field appears to increase according to the level of expertise. However, searching a medical image diverges, in a puzzling way, from the typical search for a target feature in the laboratory.
Fixations are not all created equal: An objection to mindless visual search
Authors: Enns James T. , Watson Marcus R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis call to revolution in theories of visual search does not go far enough. Treating fixations as uniform is an oversimplification that obscures the critical role of the mind. We remind readers that what happens during a fixation depends on mindset, as shown in studies of search strategy and of humans' ability to rapidly resume search following an interruption.
Feature integration, attention, and fixations during visual search
Authors: Khani Abbas , Ordikhani-Seyedlar Mehdi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe argue that mechanistic premises of “item-based” theories are not invalidated by the fixation-based approach. We use item-based theories to propose an account that does not advocate strict serial item processing and integrates fixations. The main focus of this account is feature integration within fixations. We also suggest that perceptual load determines the size of the fixations.
Cognitive architecture enables comprehensive predictive models of visual search
Authors: Kieras David E. , Hornof Anthony 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWith a simple demonstration model, Hulleman & Olivers (H&O) effectively argue that theories of visual search need an overhaul. We point to related literature in which visual search is modeled in even more detail through the use of computational cognitive architectures that incorporate fundamental perceptual, cognitive, and motor mechanisms; the result of such work thus far bolsters their arguments considerably.
Gaze-contingent manipulation of the FVF demonstrates the importance of fixation duration for explaining search behavior
Authors: Laubrock Jochen , Engbert Ralf , Cajar Anke 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHulleman & Olivers' (H&O's) model introduces variation of the functional visual field (FVF) for explaining visual search behavior. Our research shows how the FVF can be studied using gaze-contingent displays and how FVF variation can be implemented in models of gaze control. Contrary to H&O, we believe that fixation duration is an important factor when modeling visual search behavior.
Set size slope still does not distinguish parallel from serial search
Authors: Little Daniel R. , Eidels Ami , Houpt Joseph W. , Yang Cheng-Ta 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMuch of the evidence for theories in visual search (including Hulleman & Olivers' [H&O's]) comes from inferences made using changes in mean RT as a function of the number of items in a display. We have known for more than 40 years that these inferences are based on flawed reasoning and obscured by model mimicry. Here we describe a method that avoids these problems.
Parallel attentive processing and pre-attentive guidance
Authors: Müller Hermann J. , Liesefeld Heinrich René , Moran Rani , Usher Marius 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis commentary focuses on two related, open questions in Hulleman & Olivers' (H&O's) proposal: (1) the nature of the parallel attentive process that determines target presence within, and thus presumably the size of, the functional visual field, and (2) how the pre-attentive guidance mechanism must be conceived to also account for search performance in tasks that afford no reliable target-based guidance.
What fixations reveal about oculomotor scanning behavior in visual search
Authors: Shi Zhuanghua , Zang Xuelian , Geyer Thomas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHulleman & Olivers' (H&O's) conceptual framework does not consider variation of fixation duration and its interaction with the size of the functional viewing field (FVF). Here we provide empirical evidence of a dynamic interaction between the two parameters, suggesting that fixations, as the central unit in H&O's framework, should be studied on both the spatial and temporal dimensions.
The “item” as a window into how prior knowledge guides visual search
Authors: Wu Rachel , Zhao Jiaying 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe challenge the central idea proposed in Hulleman & Olivers (H&O) by arguing that the “item” is still useful for understanding visual search and for developing new theoretical frameworks. The “item” is a flexible unit that represents not only an individual object, but also a bundle of objects that are grouped based on prior knowledge. Uncovering how the “item” is represented based on prior knowledge is essential for advancing theories of visual search.
Irradiation of materials with short, intense ion pulses at NDCX-II
Authors: Seidl P.A. , Barnard J.J. , Feinberg E. , Friedman A. , Gilson E.P. , Grote D.P. , Ji Q. , Kaganovich I.D. , Ludewigt B. , Persaud A. , Sierra C. , Silverman M. , Stepanov A.D. , Sulyman A. , Treffert F. , Waldron W.L. , Zimmer M. , Schenkel T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe present an overview of the performance of the Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment-II (NDCX-II) accelerator at Berkeley Lab, and report on recent target experiments on beam-driven melting and transmission ion energy loss measurements with nanosecond and millimeter-scale ion beam pulses and thin tin foils. Bunches with around 1011 ions, 1 mm radius, and 2–30 ns full width at half maximum duration have been created with corresponding fluences in the range of 0.1–0.7 J/cm2. To achieve these short pulse durations and mm-scale focal spot radii, the 1.1 MeV [megaelectronvolt (106 eV)] He+ ion beam is neutralized in a drift compression section, which removes the space charge defocusing effect during final compression and focusing. The beam space charge and drift compression techniques resemble necessary beam conditions and manipulations in heavy ion inertial fusion accelerators. Quantitative comparison of detailed particle-in-cell simulations with the experiment plays an important role in optimizing accelerator performance.
Experimental parameter identification of flexible joint robot manipulators
Authors: Miranda-Colorado Roger , Moreno-Valenzuela Javier 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYThis paper contributes by presenting a parameter identification procedure for n-degrees-of-freedom flexible joint robot manipulators. An advantage of the given procedure is the obtaining of robot parameters in a single experiment. Guidelines are provided for the computing of the joint position filtering and velocity estimation. The method relies in the filtered robot model, for which no acceleration measurements are required. The filtered model is expressed in regressor form, which allows applying a parameter identification procedure based on the least squares algorithm. In order to assess the performance of the proposed parameter identification scheme, an implementation of a least squares with forgetting factor (LSFF) parameter identification method is carried out. In order to assess the reliability of the tested identification schemes, a model-based trajectory tracking controller has been implemented twice in different conditions: one control experiment using the estimated parameters provided by the proposed scheme, and another experiment using the parameters given by the LSFF method. These real-time control experiments are compared with respect to numerical simulations using the estimated parameters for each identification method. For the proposed scheme, the comparison between experiments and numerical simulations indicates better accuracy in the torque and position prediction.
ANCIENT MAYA ECONOMY: LITHIC PRODUCTION AND EXCHANGE AROUND CEIBAL, GUATEMALA
Authors: Aoyama Kazuo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article discusses the results of my diachronic analysis of lithic artifacts collected around Ceibal, Guatemala, in order to elucidate one aspect of long-term changing patterns in the pre-Columbian Maya economic systems and warfare. The importation of large polyhedral obsidian cores and local production of prismatic blades began as the result of sociopolitical development in Ceibal during the early Middle Preclassic Real-Xe phase. El Chayal obsidian was heavily used during the early Middle Preclassic period, while San Martín Jilotepeque was the principal source in the late Middle Preclassic, Late Preclassic, and Terminal Preclassic periods, and El Chayal once more became the major source in Ceibal during the Classic period. There is increasing evidence of the production and use of chert and obsidian points in the central part of Ceibal during the Late and Terminal Classic periods, indicating elites' direct involvement in warfare. Although the spear or dart points were predominant weapons in Classic Maya warfare, the increase in both chert small unifacial points and obsidian prismatic blade points in Ceibal points to bow-and-arrow technology by the Terminal Classic period.
SOCIAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN A MIDDLE PRECLASSIC COMMUNITY: ELITE RESIDENTIAL COMPLEXES AT CEIBAL
Authors: Triadan Daniela , Castillo Victor , Inomata Takeshi , Palomo Juan Manuel , Méndez María Belén , Cortave Mónica , MacLellan Jessica , Burham Melissa , Ponciano Erick 
Published: May 2017

AbstractExcavations in large platforms in the center of Ceibal revealed extensive early Middle Preclassic constructions. They consisted of extensive clay platforms that supported low basal structural platforms. Although the function of the earliest platform, Sulul, during the Real-Xe 1 and 2 phases (950–775b.c.) is not clear, the one built during the Real-Xe 3 phase (775–700b.c.) likely supported multiple residential buildings. The emphasis on elevating this domestic space above the natural land surface and the communal labor involved in these constructions indicate that they were most likely inhabited by an emergent elite. These places were continuously remodeled and used until the end of the Middle Preclassic. This new data from Ceibal contributes significantly to our understanding of the processes involved in the transition to a sedentary lifestyle and the development of social and political differentiation in the Maya lowlands.
What makes prosecutors independent? Analysing the institutional determinants of prosecutorial independence
Authors: VOIGT STEFAN , WULF ALEXANDER J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe prosecution of criminal suspects is an integral part of a country's justice system. While substantial scholarly attention has been devoted to the study of the police and judges and their relevance to the rule of law, surprisingly little is known about prosecutors. The aim of this paper is to contribute towards filling this knowledge gap. We first demonstrate the rising importance of prosecutors in criminal justice systems around the world. We identify the independence of prosecution agencies from the other two branches of government as a centrally important characteristic and then proceed to analyse the determinants ofde factoprosecutorial independence from a political economy perspective. We find that press freedom, the immunity of parliamentarians and belonging to the common law tradition are positively associated with higherde factoindependence.
Feinfühliges Elternverhalten und kindliche Emotionsregulation
Authors: Petersen Rieke , Petermann Franz , Petermann Ulrike 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung. Feinfühliges Elternverhalten in der frühen Kindheit (0 – 3 Jahre) bildet die Basis für die Entwicklung grundlegender sozial-emotionaler Kompetenzen im Kindesalter. Ein gering ausgeprägtes feinfühliges Elternverhalten wird mit Verhaltens- und emotionalen Störungen sowie Emotionsregulationsproblemen bei Kindern assoziiert. Der vorliegende Review untersucht, wie feinfühliges Elternverhalten die Emotionsregulation und die sozial-emotionale Entwicklung von Kindern beeinflusst. Zwischen 2007 und 2016 konnten 12 Studien identifiziert werden, in denen diese Zusammenhänge betrachtet werden. Feinfühliges Elternverhalten konnte als Prädiktor für eine positive sozial-emotionale Entwicklung im weiteren Verlauf bestätigt werden, während sich wenig feinfühliges Verhalten negativ auf die Entwicklung von Kindern auswirkte. Die Ergebnisse sprechen für einen verstärkten Fokus auf der Förderung elterlicher Kompetenzen in den ersten Lebensjahren.
Inhibition of gelatinase B/MMP-9 does not attenuate colitis in murine models of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: de Bruyn Magali , Breynaert Christine , Arijs Ingrid , De Hertogh Gert , Geboes Karel , Thijs Greet , Matteoli Gianluca , Hu Jialiang , Van Damme Jo , Arnold Bernd , Ferrante Marc , Vermeire Séverine , Van Assche Gert , Opdenakker Ghislain 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOne third of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) inadequately respond to anti-TNF treatment and preclinical data suggest that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is a novel therapeutic target. Here we show that IBD clinical and histopathological parameters found in wild type mice challenged with three different models of colitis, acute and chronic dextran sodium sulphate (DSS), and acute 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis are not attenuated in MMP-9 knockout mice. We find similar colonic gene expression profiles in wild type and MMP-9 knockout mice in control and acute DSS conditions with the exception of eleven genes involved in antimicrobial response during colitis. Parameters of chronic colitis are similar in wild type and MMP-9 knockout mice. Pharmacological inhibition of MMP-9 with bio-active peptides does not improve DSS colitis. We suggest that MMP-9 upregulation is a consequence rather than a cause of intestinal inflammation and we question whether MMP-9 represents a disease target in IBD.
Oligolysine-based coating protects DNA nanostructures from low-salt denaturation and nuclease degradation
Authors: Ponnuswamy Nandhini , Bastings Maartje M. C. , Nathwani Bhavik , Ryu Ju Hee , Chou Leo Y. T. , Vinther Mathias , Li Weiwei Aileen , Anastassacos Frances M. , Mooney David J. , Shih William M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDNA nanostructures have evoked great interest as potential therapeutics and diagnostics due to ease and robustness of programming their shapes, site-specific functionalizations and responsive behaviours. However, their utility in biological fluids can be compromised through denaturation induced by physiological salt concentrations and degradation mediated by nucleases. Here we demonstrate that DNA nanostructures coated by oligolysines to 0.5:1 N:P (ratio of nitrogen in lysine to phosphorus in DNA), are stable in low salt and up to tenfold more resistant to DNase I digestion than when uncoated. Higher N:P ratios can lead to aggregation, but this can be circumvented by coating instead with an oligolysine-PEG copolymer, enabling up to a 1,000-fold protection against digestion by serum nucleases. Oligolysine-PEG-stabilized DNA nanostructures survive uptake into endosomal compartments and, in a mouse model, exhibit a modest increase in pharmacokinetic bioavailability. Thus, oligolysine-PEG is a one-step, structure-independent approach that provides low-cost and effective protection of DNA nanostructures for in vivo applications.
Squeezing and quantum state engineering with Josephson travelling wave amplifiers
Authors: Grimsmo Arne L. , Blais Alexandre 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe develop a quantum theory describing the input–output properties of Josephson traveling wave parametric amplifiers. This allows us to show how such a device can be used as a source of nonclassical radiation, and how dispersion engineering can be used to tailor gain profiles and squeezing spectra with attractive properties, ranging from genuinely broadband spectra to “squeezing combs” consisting of a number of discrete entangled quasimodes. The device’s output field can furthermore be used to generate a multi-mode squeezed bath—a powerful resource for dissipative quantum state preparation. In particular, we show how it can be used to generate continuous variable cluster states that are universal for measurement based quantum computing. The favorable scaling properties of the preparation scheme makes this a promising path towards continuous variable quantum computing in the microwave regime.
Singlet Exciton Fraction in Electroluminescence from Conjugated Polymer
Authors: Jen Tzu-Hao , Chen Show-An 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe efficiency of electrofluorescent polymer light-emitting diodes is determined by singlet exciton fraction (χS) formation and its value still remains controversial. In this work, χS in spiropolyfluorene (SPF) is determined by analyzing transient emission of phosphor-dopant probe. The χS is found to range from 50% to 76%, depending on applied voltage. Higher applied voltage gives larger χS. Besides, more rapid increment in χS with applied voltage is observed in the higher-molecular-weight polymer. The voltage or molecular weight dependence of χS suggests the probability of singlet exciton (SE) generation through triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) is enhanced due to higher triplet exciton (TE) concentration at higher applied voltage or accommodation of more TEs in a polymer chain with high molecular weight, thereby increasing probability of TTA. At lower applied voltage, χS is contributed by charge recombination. Its value (χS ~50%) higher than the statistical limit 25% is in agreement with efficient interconversion between triplet and singlet polaron pairs (PP) and with larger formation rate of SE relative to that of TE.
In-situ freeze-drying - forming amorphous solids directly within capsules: An investigation of dissolution enhancement for a poorly soluble drug
Authors: Alqurshi Abdulmalik , Chan K. L. Andrew. , Royall Paul G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractConversion into the amorphous form enhances the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs, however the barrier to market for medicines containing an amorphous drug is poor stability. The aim was to produce the amorphous form of a drug within a capsule, without thermal or mechanical stress during manufacture. To facilitate this aim, the mechanism for drug-polymer interaction was explored. Nifedipine and polyvinylpyrrolidone were dissolved in tert-butanol at different drug/polymer ratios. These solutions were dispensed into gelatin capsules and freeze-dried. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) & novel FT-IR analysis based on peak symmetry measurements confirmed the absence of crystallinity when polyvinylpyrrolidone exceeded 50%w/w. Capsules containing 10 mg of nifedipine were amorphous and stable for over 3 months at ≈40 °C. Evidence of hydrogen bonding between the N-H group of nifedipine and the C=O group of PVP was observed and this interaction inhibited nifedipine crystallisation. PVP’s high affinity for water and the nifedipine-polymer interaction lead to a significant dissolution rate enhancement. The freeze-dried capsule, 10%w/w nifedipine/PVP, had the highest dissolution rate constant of 0.37 ± 0.05 min−1, and the lowest time to achieve 50% dissolution or t1/2 of 1.88 ± 0.05 min. This formulation reached 80% dissolved in less than 6 min whereas the equivalent marketed liquid filled nifedipine capsule took 3 times longer to reach 80% dissolution.
Effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on UTIs and genital infections in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Jiali , Li Ling , Li Sheyu , Jia Pengli , Deng Ke , Chen Wenwen , Sun Xin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPrevious trial evidence suggested potential risk of serious urinary tract infections (UTIs) and genital infections in type 2 diabetes patients using sodium glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2) inhibitors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on UTIs and genital infections in patients with type 2 diabetes. In total, 77 RCTs involving 50,820 participants were eligible. The meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) showed no significant difference in UTIs between SGLT2 inhibitors versus control (2,526/29,086 vs. 1,278/14,940; risk ratio (RR) 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98 to 1.12; moderate quality evidence), but suggested increased risk of genital infections with SGLT2 inhibitors (1,521/24,017 vs. 216/12,552; RR 3.30, 95% CI 2.74 to 3.99; moderate quality evidence). Subgroup analyses by length of follow up (interaction p = 0.005), type of control (interaction p = 0.04) and individual SGLT2 inhibitors (interaction p = 0.03) also showed statistically significant differences in genital infections. The upcoming major trials may provide important additional insights on UTIs, and more efforts are needed to address comparative effects of each individual SGLT2 inhibitors on the infections.
Critical dynamics of endogenous fluctuations predict cognitive flexibility in the Go/NoGo task
Authors: Simola Jaana , Zhigalov Alexander , Morales-Muñoz Isabel , Palva J. Matias , Palva Satu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFluctuations with power-law scaling and long-range temporal correlations (LRTCs) are characteristic to human psychophysical performance. Systems operating in a critical state exhibit such LRTCs, but phenomenologically similar fluctuations and LRTCs may also be caused by slow decay of the system’s memory without the system being critical. Theoretically, criticality endows the system with the greatest representational capacity and flexibility in state transitions. Without criticality, however, slowly decaying system memory would predict inflexibility. We addressed these contrasting predictions of the ‘criticality’ and ‘long-memory’ candidate mechanisms of human behavioral LRTCs by using a Go/NoGo task wherein the commission errors constitute a measure of cognitive flexibility. Response time (RT) fluctuations in this task exhibited power-law frequency scaling, autocorrelations, and LRTCs. We show here that the LRTC scaling exponents, quantifying the strength of long-range correlations, were negatively correlated with the commission error rates. Strong LRTCs hence parallel optimal cognitive flexibility and, in line with the criticality hypothesis, indicate a functionally advantageous state. This conclusion was corroborated by a positive correlation between the LRTC scaling exponents and executive functions measured with the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure test. Our results hence support the notion that LRTCs arise from critical dynamics that is functionally significant for human cognitive performance.