bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Normobaric hypoxia induces changes in mean ocular perfusion pressure
Authors: Leal I. , Cordeiro Sousa D. , Moreira S. , Dionisio P. , Abegao Pinto L. , Marques‐Neves C. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeIt is still unclear how a normobaric hypoxic stimulus affects mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) in healthy subjects. The Hypoxia Challenge Test (HCT), performed according to the British Thoracic Society (BTS) protocol, mimics the hypoxia levels in medium/long‐haul flights, in which cabins are pressurized to a value of around 565 mmHg, equivalent to breathing 15.1% oxygen at sea level. We aimed to study the relationship between hypoxia and MOPP.MethodsProspective cohort study. All volunteers answered a health questionnaire and HCT was performed, according to the BTS protocol. Oxygen desaturation index (ODI) was assessed using the built‐in software. Intraocular pressure was measured in three timepoints (baseline, hypoxia, post‐hypoxia) using iCare® tonometer. The MOPP was calculated as MOPP = 2/3(mean arterial pressure) − IOP. To guarantee data independence, right and left eyes were compared separately. Statistical analyses were performed using STATA 13.0.ResultsStudied population included 30 subjects (14 women), with a mean age of 28.8 ± 4.2 [range 22–37] years. There was a within‐subject statistically significant difference in MOPP for both right and left eyes (p < 0.01). Paired analysis confirmed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in MOPP values (in mmHg): baseline (OD = 46.6 ± 6.7, OS = 47.0 ± 6.6), hypoxia (OD = 43.5 ± 6.7; OS = 43.1 ± 6.6) and post‐hypoxia (OD = 46.7 ± 6.2, OS = 47.3 ± 5.9). Controlling for age and axial length, a multivariate linear regression model analysis revealed a relationship between MOPP and ODI, for right (p = 0.01) and left (p = 0.07) eyes.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, there is no published data specifically addressing flight cabin hypoxia and MOPP. These results in healthy subjects may help to establish normality responses to a hypoxic stress.
Macular thickness in diabetic eyes without clinical macular edema
Authors: García Zamora M. , Montero Moreno J.A. , Gonzalez Uruena C. , Frances Caballero E. , Fernandez‐Munoz M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate macular thickness of individuals with moderate diabetic retinopathy (DR) without macular edema (DME).MethodsRetinal thickness was calculated by automated segmentation of spectral domain‐optical coherence tomography scans of patients with moderate DR without DME and compared with an age‐matched population of non‐diabetic individuals. Mean values and multiple linear regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between retinal layers thickness and age, sex, diabetes type and concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).ResultsA total of 66 eyes were studied, 34 eyes with moderate DR without DME or previous treatment and 32 eyes from non‐diabetic individuals. The mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in the superior parafoveal area of patients with DR was 29.88 μm vs. 23.18 μm in the non‐diabetic group (p = 0.01). The mean inner nuclear layer thickness in the central fovea area in the DR group was 28.26 μm vs. 22.87 μm in the non‐diabetic control group (p = 0.01). There was a significant linear correlation (R = 0.353, p = 0.04) between HbA1c and the inner nuclear layer thickness in the superior parafoveal area.ConclusionsAccording to our findings, DR patients showed an increase of macular thickness compared with the non‐diabetic control group in the superior parafoveal and central foveal area. Increased HbA1c levels may play a role in the increased macular thickness.
Treatment of neovascular age‐related macular degeneration with anti‐VEGF agents: predictive factors of long‐term visual outcomes
Authors: Pedrosa A.C. , Sousa T. , Pinheiro‐Costa J. , Beato J. , Falcão M. , Falcão‐Reis F. , Carneiro Â. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the predictive factors of long‐term visual outcomes in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with anti‐VEGF agents.MethodsUnicentric retrospective review of patients with nAMD treated with anti‐VEGF agents. Visual outcomes, 12 and 60 months after diagnosis, were evaluated: visual acuity (VA), VA variation, VA ≥65 ETDRS letters and VA variation >0 ETDRS letters. In the attempt to identify predictive factors of visual outcomes, the following variables were analyzed: at baseline, age, gender, VA, choroidal neovascularization subtype, central foveal thickness, presence of subfoveal hemorrhage or fibrosis, and treatment delay; during follow‐up, frequency of medical examinations, missed medical examinations, intravitreal injections, missed injections and of treatment suspension, as well as the development of retinal atrophy, subretinal fibrosis, sudden massive retinal hemorrhage and retinal pigment epithelium tear.ResultsOne hundred and seventeen patients were included. In multivariate analysis, the only predictive factor of visual outcomes at 12 months was baseline VA: a higher baseline VA was associated with a higher final VA and a higher likelihood of final VA ≥65 ETDRS letters, but a smaller VA variation and a lower likelihood of VA increase. Baseline VA remained a predictive factor of all visual outcomes 60 months after diagnosis. Additionally, at 60 months, higher final VA was also predicted by a higher number of injections and no subretinal fibrosis during follow‐up, and VA increase was more frequent in younger and female patients.ConclusionsBaseline VA influences absolute VA and VA variation at 12 and 60 months, while number of injections, development of subretinal fibrosis, age at diagnosis and gender are predictive factors at 60 months.
The effect of silica nanoparticle exposure on cultured human keratocytes
Authors: Yim B. , Park J. , Park C.Y. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeSilica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are closely related to our daily life including drug delivery, cosmetics and fine dust. However, the influence of SiNPs on human corneal keratocyte cells has not yet been widely studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of SiNPs on cultured human keratocytes.MethodsHuman keratocytes were cultured in DMEM/F12(1:1) medium containing 10% FBS and Antibiotic‐Antimycotic. SiNPs exposure was performed by adding 50, 100 and 150 nm of non‐porous SiNPs into culture media with different concentrations (10, 20, 50, 100 μg/ml) for 24 and 48 h. Keratocytes viability was measured using CCK‐8 reagent after 24 and 48 h exposure of SiNPs. Release of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) was measured by LDH cytotoxicity detection kit. The measurement of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was performed using Fluorometric Intracellular Ros Kit. Cellular autophagy activity (LC3B and Beclin 1) and mTOR pathway activation (p‐mTOR and mTOR) were detected by Western Blot.ResultsIn human keratocytes, significant cellular cytotoxicity and membrane damage were not detected after exposure to three different sizes of SiNPs for 24 and 48 h. Intracellular ROS generation was slightly increased at high concentration (100 μg/ml) of three sizes of SiNPs. And Cellular autophagy was significantly activated in concentration‐dependent manner after exposure to SiNPs for 24 h with increase of western blot for LC3A/B. The upstream of autophagy signaling, the mTOR pathway, was slightly activated after exposure to three sizes of SiNPs.ConclusionsSiNPs (50, 100, 150 nm) induced no significant cytotoxicity in cultured human keratocytes.
Factors affecting the prognosis of visual acuity and visual fields in pituitary adenoma patients treated with endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Liinamaa J. , Luomaranta T. , Raappana A. , Saarela V. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe objective of this study was to evaluate visual acuity (VA) and visual fields (VF) quantitatively before and after endonasal endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery (EETS), with special attention to the prognostic factors such as the tumors’ suprasellar dimension (SSD) and volume.MethodsA total of forty‐seven patients with pituitary adenomas operated by EETS were retrospectively evaluated. VA, VF and visual impairment score (VIS) calculated from VA and VFs were determined pre‐ and postoperatively. Tumors’ SSD and chiasmal contact were evaluated and correlation of tumor volume and SSD with pre‐ and postoperative visual function (VA, VF and VIS) was assessed.ResultsVA improved in 42% of eyes (n = 21) after EETS and 79% (n = 38) had normal VA postoperatively. Postoperative recovery in VF was observed in 86.5% (n = 32) eyes with VF defect. Mean VIS change was 11.6 (95% CI 7.3–16.0) and it improved in 96.0% of the patients (n = 24) with preoperative visual impairment. The mean SSD in patients with VF defect (n = 20) was 16.3 mm (95% CI 13.2–19.3) and in patients with no VF defects (n = 23) 7.5 mm (95% CI 5.9–9.2) (p < 0.001). A cut‐off value of 10 mm for visual perturbations was determined for SSD and 5.1 ml for tumor volume (p < 0.001 for both). A significant correlation between the tumor's SSD and volume with pre‐ and postoperative visual function was found.ConclusionsThe visual outcome after EETS for pituitary adenomas was excellent and significant complications were rare. The size (suprasellar dimension and volume) of pituitary adenoma was the most important predictor of visual outcome after EETS.
Combination of global electroretinogram and sd‐oct in the etiology of infantile nystagmus
Authors: Bouladi M. , Bouraoui R. , Limaiem R. , Chaker N. , Mghaieth F. , El Matri L. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo study the combination of global electroretinogram (ERG) and SD‐OCT in the etiology of infantile nystagmus.MethodsSixteen children with infantile nystagmus, and no evident etiology in the normal ophthalmic examination underwent ERG with ISCEV guidelines and SD‐OCT.ResultsMedian age was 8.7 ± 2.9 years (3.4–14.6 years). ERG and SD‐OCT were both normal in 6 children. In 9 children, ERG showed cone dysfunction and OCT allowed differentiation between achromatopsia in 4 children and cone dystrophy in 5 children. Two children had rod and cone dysfunction in ERG and OCT was normal. Dysfunction in inner‐layer retina was found in one child who had X‐linked juvenile retinoschisis diagnosed with OCT.ConclusionsERG is useful in the etiologic diagnosis and prognosis of infantile nystagmus. Its combination with SD‐OCT allows better characterization of the etiology of nystagmus especially in diseases involving the macula which may guide molecular study, help performing genetic counseling, and facilitate future gene therapy.
Exploration of human tear proteome
Authors: Turck N. , Dor M. , Eperon S. , Salvisberg C. , Fouda C. , Hainard A. , Guex‐Crozier Y. , Hamedani M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe tear film is a complex structure which constitutes an interface between our eyes and the external environment. Its protein, lipid and metabolite composition is highly regulated depending on several factors. Despite its attractive characteristics, this fluid is still poorly studied. Here we present an in‐depth human tear proteome based on a mass spectrometry approach.MethodsIn this study, tears of two healthy controls (two women aged 59 and 61 years) were collected with Schirmer's papers. After trypsin digestion and off‐gel electrophoresis fractionation, two proteomic analyses were performed by mass spectrometry (using LTQ Orbitrap Velos Pro coupled to a liquid chromatography). Resulting files were searched against the UniProt‐SwissProt/TrEMBL database (version 2014_10) and a false discovery rate of 1% was selected. The protein list was analysed using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis and Cytoscape software.ResultsGlobally 2105 and 825 proteins were identified with 1 and 2 unique peptides respectively after removing keratins and immunoglobulins. Regarding the 825 proteins, the top three pathways that we highlighted were the acute phase response signalling, the remodelling of epithelial adherens junctions and the clathrin‐mediated endocytosis signalling. Moreover, we identified 203 proteins that were not found in the previous published studies. By comparing our tears with others fluids, only 26.9% were identified in vitreous humor and 45.7% in plasma, confirming that tears have a specific composition.ConclusionsThanks to this study, we are able to propose an expanded tear proteome. Both specific proteins of the tears and correlations with other fluids give them a great potential for biomarker research.This study is kindly supported by the Provisu Foundation and the SNF_MVH (PMPDP3_158370).
Long term results of concomitant strabismus treatment based on operation preliminary modeling using three‐dimensional biomechanical eye model
Authors: Bushuyeva N. , Romanenko D. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo analyze long term surgical treatment results of concomitant strabismus (CS) patients based on operation preliminary modeling in three‐dimensional biomechanical eye model (TBEM).MethodsThere were analyzed surgical treatment results in 106 patients with CS, which were operated on after the operation was preliminary modeled at TBEM ‘SEE‐KID’.ResultsOrthotropy was obtained in 54/106 patients (50.9%) at the first day postoperatively. 52/106 patients (49.1%) had residual angle of 5–10° – hypocorrection was in 44 patients, and hypercorrection was in 8 patients. 18 patients were lost to follow‐up. At 6–12 months follow‐ups ortothropy has been preserved in 53/88 patients (60.2%), and in 35/88 patients residual angle of 5–10° remained – hypocorrection was in 31 patient, and hypercorrection was in 4 patients.ConclusionsTBEM use in complex examination and treatment of CS patients allows predicting surgery result in some cases and accelerates diagnostic process, but the method needs further investigation. Particularly, extraocular muscles biomechanics needs to be more precisely estimated (degree of the muscle hyper‐ or hypofunction, movement amplitude).
Reduced vascular response in patients with normal tension glaucoma in response to hypoxia
Authors: Dalgaard L.M. , Vibæk J. , Jensen L.T. , Olsen N.V. , Kolko M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeIncreased evidence exists on an association between normal tension glaucoma (NTG) and endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, it is recognized that glaucomatous damage is linked to episodes with hypoxia. The aim of our study was to investigate the vascular response after hypoxia in patients with NTG compared to controls.MethodsThe vascular response was evaluated after hypoxia by Peripheral Arterial Tonometry (PAT) and recorded as Reactive Hyperemic Index (RHI). All subjects went through two days of investigation. In random order the first visit included either hypoxia or normoxia with successive measurements. Hypoxia/normoxia was induced in 2 h through a tightly fitting face mask. Additionally, the peripheral circulation was measured by a thermographic camera. Blood samples were taken before, during and after hypoxia/normoxia to evaluate stress factors such as cathecolamines. The two days of investigation were at least three weeks apart.ResultsRHI measurements showed a tendency of greater difference between hypoxia and normoxia in the NTG group. Thermographic images showed a tendency of colder temperatures in the fingertips of the NTG patients before hypoxia compared to the controls. A significant difference in temperature between the hypoxia day and the normoxia day was seen in the NTG group after both 2 h of hypoxia/normoxia and half an hour after the mask was removed. Adrenalin levels differed significantly in response to hypoxia in the control group, whereas no significant change was observed in response to hypoxia in patients with NTG.ConclusionsOver all, the vascular response to hypoxia was less prominent in patients with NTG compared to controls. This confirms a decreased ability to regulate the vascular tonus in response to vascular stress (hypoxia) in patients with NTG.
Ab Interno Collagen Stent implantation as a treatment option for open angle glaucoma
Authors: Crisóstomo S. , Cardigos J. , Costa L.M. , Basílio A.L. , Anjos R. , Cardoso M. , Gomes T. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo establish the efficacy and safety of an Ab Interno Collagen Stent (AICS) in combination with subconjunctival Mitomycin C (MMC) in patients with open angle glaucoma (OAG), in the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP), hypotensive treatment (HT) and progression on structural retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) exams.MethodsProspective, non‐randomized study involving 10 eyes with OAG, not controlled by HT, submitted to AICS implantation (Xen Gel Stent, Aquesys, Calif., USA) following subconjuntival MMC, with 6 month of follow‐up. Patients were reevaluated on the 1st day, 1st week and at 1st, 3rd and 6th months of follow‐up. IOP and bubble dimensions were registered and the need for re‐interventions or HT was analyzed. Structural RNFL evaluation was performed at 6 months (Spectralis OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelb., Germany), and compared to preoperative values. Correlation analysis was made between IOP reduction, bubble dimensions and age.ResultsMean IOP values were 21.8 ± 5.87 mmHg, 11.4 ± 4.5 mmHg, 13.2 ± 3.93 mmHg; 18.1 ± 6.9 mmHg, 14.2 ± 3.19 mmHg and 13.7 ± 3.10 mmHg and mean bubble dimensions were 3.1; 2.5; 2.5; 2.5 and 2.6 at 1st day, 1st week and 1st, 3rd and 6th months, respectively. Re‐interventions were necessary in 4 cases. IOP reductions compared to preoperative values were statistically significant at all follow‐up visits (p < 0.05), except for the 1st post‐operative month. There was a statistically significant correlation between bubble dimensions and IOP reduction (p < 0.05; r = −0.788). There was no significant progression of RNFL loss. Hypotensive medication was reduced by 87.5%. No complications were reported.ConclusionsThe insertion of an Ab Interno Collagen Stent with adjunctive MMC significantly reduced IOP over a 6 months follow‐up period without significant complications, notwithstanding a considerable need for re‐interventions.
Inflammatory cell infiltrates in metastatic uveal melanoma
Authors: Krishna Y. , McCarthy C. , Kalirai H. , Coupland S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeCurrent treatments for metastatic UM (MUM) are very limited and rarely prolong patient survival. Immunotherapy trials for MUM are few, and to date have only demonstrated marginal success. High densities of tumour associated macrophages (TAMs) and infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) in primary UM are associated with a poor prognosis. There is little known about the immunomodulatory/microenvironment of MUM. Our aim was to examine the presence and distribution of TAMs and TILs in MUM within the liver.MethodsWhole tissue sections of liver MUM (n = 16) were examined by immunohistochemistry. For TAMs, the monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against CD68 and CD163 were used. Macrophage number and morphology were graded following the method described by Mӓkitie et al (IOVS 2001;42(7):1414–21). Number and spatial distribution of TILs were highlighted using Abs against CD3 (pan‐lymphocyte marker), CD4 (T‐helper cells) and CD8 (T‐cytotoxic/suppressor cells).ResultsCD68+ and CD163+ TAMs were noted within the tumour in all 16 specimens; their numbers were ‘few to moderate’ in ≥85% of cases and the majority showed an intermediate phenotype. CD3+ TILs were noted both within MUMs and surrounding the tumour, at the interface with normal liver. Of these CD8+ TILs were ‘few’ in number within MUM but were predominantly seen at the tumour/normal liver interface, whilst CD4+ TILs showed a high perivascular density within MUM. The CD4 mAb also highlighted resident Kupffer‐Stern macrophages.ConclusionsCD68+ and CD163+ TAMs of intermediate morphology were observed in MUM, suggesting a tendency towards the pro‐tumourigenic M2 phenotype. CD4+ TILs were seen mainly infiltrating MUM, whereas CD8+ TILs tended to be peritumoural. The biological role of inflammatory cells in MUM requires further investigation, to determine if they represent potential targets for future therapies in MUM.
Sequential bilateral optic nerve infiltration as the sole manifestation of relapsed T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma: a case report.
Authors: Khayat H. , Alsulami R. , Alsobhi E. , Alqahtani A. , Alkahtani A. , Alzahrani S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeCentral nervous system (CNS) involvement in non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is well‐known, occurring in approximately 10% of all cases. Among these, infiltrative lymphomatous optic neuropathy (LON) affects 5% usually in the setting of active CNS disease. However, isolated LON in relapsed NHL remains exceptionally rare. Herein, we present a unique case of sequential bilateral optic nerve infiltration as the sole manifestation of relapsed T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma.MethodsCase report.ResultsA 30‐year‐old male patient diagnosed as a case of mediastinal T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL).Staging CT confirmed no other site was involved. He received chemotherapy as per protocol. Re‐evaluation with chest CT showed complete resolution of the mass. Five weeks later, the patient presented to private hospital complaining of right eye pain with blurred vision and by the fifth day his vision deteriorated to no light perception. He was diagnosed as relapsed LBL with isolated right optic nerve infiltration and treated accordingly. Two months later, he presented to our center for the first time with left eye pain and blurred vision. Full eye examination revealed blind right eye with no perception of light. Retinal examination for right eye was consistent with combined retinal artery and vein occlusion. Left eye fundus examination revealed gross swelling of the optic disc. Brain MRI showed swollen left optic nerve with no mass occupying lesion. He was treated promptly with radiotherapy and planed for re‐induction chemotherapy.ConclusionsOptic nerve infiltration represents an ocular emergency where timely diagnosis and intervention can prevent the irreversible loss of vision. Ophthalmologists should keep high index of suspicion and consider prompt through eye examinations along with brain imaging in patients with history of lymphoma presenting with visual complaints.
Fundus autofluorescence and SD‐OCT in progressive cone dystrohy
Authors: Hassairi A. , Falfoul Y. , Turki A. , Maamouri R. , El Matri K. , Chebil A. , El Matri L. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo describe fundus autofluorescence (FAF) and Spectral domain optic coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) findings in progressive cone dystrophy (PCD) and evaluate the benefits of these methods for diagnosis.MethodsAll patients with the diagnosis of PCD based on color sense, visual field and electrophysiological tests were included. They underwent full ophthalmic examination with best‐corrected Snellen visual acuity (BCVA), fundus photography, SD‐OCT and FAF.ResultsSixteen eyes of 8 patients were included. Mean age was 36.5 years and 19 years at the beginning of signs. Mean BCVA was 0.18 (range 0.05–0.4). On biomicroscopy, we found changes in the retinal pigment epithelium ranging from barely detectable changes (6 eyes) up to the typical bull's eye appearance (8 eyes). We found central macular atrophy in 2 eyes. OCT showed statistically significant reduction in the thickness and structural changes in the macular retina, predominating at the perifoveolar zone in 8 cases. Atrophy was evident especially in the outer nuclear layer and the ellipsoid zone. Visual acuity was mainly dependent on the degree to which the continuity of the ellipsoid was maintained in subfoveolar. FAF was normal in 2 eyes, showed heterogeneous hyper‐FAF in 4 eyes, hypo‐FAF in 2 eyes, small area of mild hypo‐FAF in the perifoveal region surrounded by a ring of hyper‐FAF in 8 eyes. The junction between normal and abnormal outer retina on OCT corresponded to the hyper‐autofluorescent ring.ConclusionsOCT and FAF specifies the quantitative and qualitative changes in the macula and may contribute significantly to the diagnosis of the progressive cone dystrophy, particularly in the early stages of the disease which is difficult to diagnose.