bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remobilization in aquatic medium of rat soleus immobilized in lengthening
Authors: Meireles A. , Rocha B. , Silva L. , Ribeiro L. , Brancalhão R. , Bertolini G. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate histomorphometrically two protocols of aquatic exercise on soleus of rats immobilized in dorsiflexion. Material and Methods: It was used 30 Wistar rats, randomly distributed in five groups: G1 - right hindlimb immobilized in maximum dorsiflexion, for 15 consecutive days, after this the animals were euthanized; G2 - also immobilized in maximum dorsiflexion, for 15 consecutive days, then the animals were freely remobilized; G3 - submitted to remobilization by free swim; G4 - submitted to remobilization with overload of 10% of body weight; G5 - remobilization by jumping in water with overload of 50% of body weight. The immobilization model used was made by plaster cast directly in the lower right limb of each animal. After removing the immobilization, the animals were submitted to remobilization for 10 days according to the group. At the end of the remobilization, the right and left soleus muscles were isolated, cleaned and weighed on an analytical balance, each muscle was sectioned longitudinally, and the medial part was used to evaluation of longitudinal parameters and the medial for cross-sectional assessment. Results: for the estimate of sarcomeres in series, muscular and sarcomere length there were not signiicant differences. For the muscle mass and fibers diameter there were difference between right and left soleus, but not for the groups. Conclusion: the used protocol of immobilization/remobilization was insufficient to cause changes in the overall longitudinal soleus, but the immobilization produced reduced mass and diameter of the ibers, which are not reversed with remobilization protocols.
The effects of topical treatment with 5-fluorouracil on potentially malignant lesions of mice oral mucosa
Authors: Costa G. , Almeida E. , Cavalcanti F. , Castro J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction: The 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) discloses a cure rate greater than 90 percent in potentially malignant lesions of skin. In the oral cavity, these lesions are treat in most cases with practice surgery, which reduces the number of patient involvement by malignant lesions, not being usual treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the antineoplastic agent 5-fluorouracil in orabase® in potentially malignant lesions of the lingual mucosa in mice. Materials and Methods: Swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) were submitted to carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO), 100 μg/ml in drinking water for 8 weeks, and on developing potentially malignant lesions on the tongue, were treated daily, with topical 5-FU in orabase® at concentrations of 0.5% and 5%, for 3 weeks. The tongues were processed for analysis by light microscopy. Results: Treatment with 5-FU in orabase® was shown to be effective in the histological degree of involution of the epithelial lesions of the tongue in the treated animals (p<0.05). However, when compared, there was no statistically significant difference between the two concentrations (p>0.05). Conclusions: The 5-FU in orabase® was shown to be a feasible therapy in potentially malignant lesions of the oral cavity.
Morphological evaluation of cartilage development in the distal femoral epiphysis of human fetuses
Authors: Cal Rosa J. , Liberti E. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction: The epiphysis cartilage in the knee joint has been widely studied in recent decades due to the joint complexity and its clinical importance. However, there is little information about morphological and ultrastructural aspects of normal cartilage development of the knee joint, particularly in human fetuses of different age, which could contribute to a better understanding of diseases and malformations during development. Materials and Methods: This research was performed with 20 human fetuses covering the age range 16 to 31 weeks of intrauterine life, which were divided into 4 groups (n = 5). Morphometric analysis of the distal femoral epiphysis cartilage were realized for the parameters: chondrocytes area, percent density of chondrocyte and extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as qualitative analysis of the distribution, organization and characterization of collagen fibers making use of Picrosirius staining under analysis with polarized light. Results: It was verified that the chondrocytes area and density of ECM increased with advancing age, while the density of chondrocytes decreased. Also in the epiphyseal region, immature cartilage of younger fetuses, initially with characteristics of a proliferation zone starts to present, in older age fetuses, characteristics of a maturation zone, with larger chondrocytes and more distant from each other. In the epiphysis surface the organization and orientation of the collagen ibers changed in different groups, from an irregular orientation in the younger fetuses group, to a pantograph organization in the most developed fetuses group. Conclusion: During fetal development, the maturation of cartilage combines increasing ECM percent density and changes in the collagen fibers organization and orientation, contributing to the required cartilage properties for each stage of its development.
Men and women do not have the same relation between body composition and postural sway
Authors: Alonso A. , Mochizuki L. , Luna N. , Canonica A. , Souza R. , Maifrino L. , Figueira Junior A. , Bocalini D. , Greve J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of body composition on the postural sway during quiet standing. Our hypothesis is that men and women do not have the same relation between body composition and postural sway during quiet standing. Materials and Methods: Participated in the study 50 men and 50 women; age range: 20-40 years old. The main outcome measures were: Body composition (bone densitometry), percentage of fat (% fat) tissue (g), fat (g), lean mass (g), bone mineral content (g) and bone mineral density (g/cm2); Anthropometry: body mass (kg), height (cm), length of the trunk-head (cm), length of lower limbs (cm). The following indices were calculated: body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) and Postural balance test - center ofpressure displacement. Results: The correlation analysis showed low correlations between postural sway and anthropometric variables. The multiple linear regression model showed that the body composition and the anthropometry were able to explain only men's postural sway. Conclusion: The postural sway is sex type dependent. Men and women have different relations between body composition and postural sway. Only male's body composition affected the body sway.
Dog's Best Friend?
Authors: Guzman Matthew 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
“A Dog's Tale” encapsulates the duality that the domesticated dog as both loyal “friend” and dependable scientific “instrument” denotes. Twain paints a dark portrait of man's association with “beast.” Additionally, the story presents much more than a simple anthropomorphic tale. Although the nonhuman narrator has humanlike characteristics, one is always aware that Aileen Mavourneen is a dog. Nowhere is this divide more apparent than in the narrator's failed attempts to “understand” the language and behavior of the human characters. The tale epitomizes the dogma of man's rule over “lower” creatures, but it does not fully reaffirm these accepted beliefs. Rather, the story problematizes our position relative to these “lower creatures,” most notably through the inconsistencies between language, interpretation, and physical response; the story also forces readers to confront the inconsistent treatment of “man's best friend” as well as humanity's privileged locus as reasoning animals.
“Young” Walter F. Brown
Authors: Effgen Alex Brink 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper explores the work of artist Walter Frances Brown (1853–1929), a primary illustrator for Mark Twain's A Tramp Abroad (1880). Examining Brown's work from the start of his career through A Tramp Abroad reveals parallels in the careers of both men. Brown and Twain shared a regard for irreverence of expression, even when subject to higher authorities of taste and propriety. Both men also relished an inside joke, or personal reference, in their media. Expanding on Beverly David's research, this paper examines the greater context of Brown's contribution to A Tramp Abroad, revealing the precedent of artistic allusion within examples of his illustration.
Concentric Failures
Authors: Martinez Leonard 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This article compares the narrative endings of Herman Melville's “Benito Cereno” and Mark Twain's Pudd'nhead Wilson, which represent a fundamental change in the nation's anxiety toward representation and multi-discourse. Comparing the narrative failures to confront fully the race issue in both texts reveals that the introduction of racialized science for Twain represented a shift that prevented the repression and deferral that is seen in Melville's purely social anxieties. Twain's chaotic text represents not the fear of nascent medical technologies that reinscribe or strengthen racial systems, but rather an evolution from Melville's fear of mono-readings to an anxiety of multiple readings which must be individually navigated.
The Tradition on Jihad of the Sword, Counter-Narratives, and Policy
Authors: Johnson James Turner 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis article addresses two sets of issues, one historical and thematic, the other contemporary. The first is the normative tradition on jihad of the sword and its expression in different contexts. The second is the relation of religion to the formation of policy, where historical Muslim doctrine and practice has produced a significantly different perspective on this relationship from that in the West. This complicates efforts at mutual understanding and conceptions of present-day radical Islamist militant discourses and practices. My aim will be to identify the main issues at stake so as to provide a meaningful outline for possible engagement.
Breaking Down the Ethnic Albanian Foreign Fighters Phenomenon
Authors: Shtuni Adrian 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This essay examines the involvement of ethnic Albanian foreign fighters in the conflict in Syria and Iraq with a particular focus on Kosovo Albanians, given their higher participation rate in the conflict. It explores regional historical and contextual conditions conducive to religious radicalization among ethnic Albanians, assesses the scale of the foreign fighter problem and possible structural drivers of radicalization, and provides an overview of the fighters' backgrounds, affiliations, motivations, and narratives. The study ultimately concludes that effective counter-narrative campaigns and broader government responses must be informed by a comprehensive understanding of the underlying conditions of and reasons for radicalization.
Do Strategic Leadership and Self Efficacy Among School Leaders Make a Difference?
Authors: Mohd Ali Hairuddin Bin , Ali Aniyath 
Published: November 2015

<p>The main purpose of the study is to investigate if there is any significant relationship between Strategic Leadership Characteristics of Maldivian school leaders and their Leadership Self-efficacy. The study employed a survey approach and the data were collected using an adapted seven point Likert scale survey questionnaire. Data were collected from 23 schools in the capital city Male’, Republic of Maldives. A total of 200 school leaders (45 males and 155 females) participated in the study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlation and Structural Equation Modeling. The findings of the study revealed that the school leaders in Male’ possessed all nine characteristics of strategic leadership. It also indicated that school leaders’ in Male’ have quite a bit of control in their roles as school leaders, revealing a high perception level of self-efficacy. Moreover, the results of the correlation analysis and examination of path analysis indicated that there was statistically significant and positive relationship between Strategic Leadership Characteristics of Maldivian school leaders and their Leadership Self-efficacy. The present study provides a starting-point for further exploring the strategic leadership qualities and self-efficacy of school leaders which are vital to bring a positive reform in schools. This study highlights that executing strategic leadership is essential to deal with both the need for sustainable change. It further indicates that both self-efficacy and strategic leadership are important to school leaders’ as they affect performance of the leaders through different mechanisms.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Strategic leadership; leadership self efficacy; Maldives school leaders; structural equation modeling.</p>
Relationship between the Belief System and Emotional Well-Being of Single Mothers
Authors: Abd Ghani Faizah , Ibrahim Farah Adibah , Abd Aziz Azian , Mahfar Mastura 
Published: November 2015

<p>This study aimed to identify the relationship between the belief system and emotional well-being of single mothers in Kluang, Johor. This study involved 58 respondents using the purposive sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to identify the emotional well-being and respondents' belief system. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS 19.0). Descriptive statistics in the form of percentage, mean, and inferential statistics, namely, ‘Pearson r’ correlation analysis was used to identify the relationship between single mothers’ emotions and their belief system. Results of the study found the single mothers’ emotional well-being to be moderate (M = 23:56, S.D = 6.62) and their belief system to be high (M = 37.55, S.D = 8.22). In addition, the study also showed a significant difference between the single mothers’ age, reason for becoming single mothers, occupation, number of dependent children and family members, in relation to the single mothers’ belief system and emotional well-being. However, there was no significant difference in the relationship between their level of education and belief system. The study also showed a moderate correlation between the two variables (r = 0.665, p = 0.000). Implications of the study are discussed and further research can be carried out on samples who have recently experienced a separation or divorce, to assess the short term and long term impact. </p>
Intergenerational Bonding in Family and School Contexts: Which Does Impact More on Degree Aspiration of Students?
Authors: Shahidul S. M. , Karim A. H. M. Zehadul 
Published: November 2015

<p>Among the factors which have trajectory roles on the academic attainment of students, intergenerational bonding is the foremost of them. Though intergenerational bonding has basically focused on parent-child relationship, contemporary studies further consider the teacher-student relationship as intergenerational bonding to identify its effect on the academic attainment of students. In this study, we first examine both types of bonding which are created by parent-child and teacher-student relationships and how these impact on the degree of aspiration of secondary school students. Then, we compare these effects to identify which factor affects more on the degree aspiration outcome of students. We use the data collected from 553 students of Grade IX from 12 secondary schools in Bangladesh. The effect size of parent-child bonding and teacher-student bonding are compared using standardized Beta (β) weights of these two variables. The results show that beyond the socioeconomic status, both parent-child bonding and teacher-student bonding significantly and positively impact on students' degree aspiration outcome. Furthermore, when we compared the effect size of these two variables, results show that parent-child bonding had more strength compared to teacher-student bonding to predict the degree aspiration outcome of students. </p>
Inspiration and Insinuation Influences on Human Thinking and Behavior: A Psychoanalytical, Psychodynamic, and Cognitive Phenomenon
Authors: Badi Jamal Ahmad , Olorogun Lukman Ayinde 
Published: November 2015

<p>Is insinuation one of the most influential phenomena in the early and continuous development of human behavior? Yes. Does previous scientific study give ample of time to understand unconsciousness and its manifestation from this point of view? No. As we have demonstrated in the following pages, insinuation does hold a high view in the divine scriptures as an opposite to inspiration. The scientific views on unconsciousness theory further ascertained its influence on human activities. A number of scientists however, denounced this clear evidence due to lack of laboratory prove of inspiration-cum-insinuation effects rather termed unconsciousness. In this essay, through dedicated analysis using both induction and deduction methods we showed that their theories failed to study unconsciousness from a holistic perspective. It only focused on those that have psychological and psychopathological problems in exclusion of reasonable human beings, thus, contained numerous errors that even contradicted their scientific findings. Following in-depth and dedicated analysis, we showed the influences of unseen phenomena that are beyond human control from Islamic philosophy viewpoints affirming earlier biblical claims of insinuation influences. We concluded by mentioning some of the physical evidences justified by the Islamic scripture “Qur’an” and some of the implications of these findings for certain aspects of the contemporary “inspiration and insinuation debates”. </p>
The Cultivation of Health Care Ability of College Students And The Research of Sports Intervention
Authors: Xiu-ying Hu 
Published: November 2015

<p>By means of reference to literature, expert interviews, questionnaires among others, with improving the health care ability of college students as the goal, from the perspective of sports curriculum intervention, the paper focuses on the college students' various physiological and psychological pressure in this modern world, trying to find the positive role of the sports culture(P.E) in the development of health care ability of students, and effective and workable strategies for sports intervention through the systematic research and exploration.</p>
Designing Project-based Learning (PjBL) Activities for Art and Design E-Portfolio Using Fuzzy Delphi Method as a Decision Making
Authors: Mohamad Syamsul Nor Azlan , Embi Mohamed Amin , Nordin Norazah 
Published: November 2015

<p>The present articles introduces the Fuzzy Delphi Method results obtained in the study on designing Project-based Learning (PjBL) activities for art and design courses using Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) as a decision-making.This method bases on qualified experts that assures the validity of the collected information. In particular, the confirmation of elements is based on experts opinion and consensus. The consensus survey constructed based on the emergent themes the experts raised from the conducted interview. For this purpose of the study, 22 experts in Project-based learning involved in the interview and responses the consensus survey. The experts participated in this study involves local and international perspectives that contribute to the best idea and practises by their respective's institution. The selection of decision-making will reflect the e-Porfolio users which purposely design for art and design courses. As resulted, the Fuzzy Delphi will interpret the decision-making made by experts to suggest best practices of the pedagogical strategy infused in e-Portfolio system.</p><p style="margin: 0px; font-family: Times;"> </p>
L’élite en francophonie canadienne comme catégorie sociale persistante : la gouvernance communautaire en perspective
Authors: Chouinard Stéphanie 
Published: November 2015

Cet article cherche à faire l’examen de la pertinence de la notion d’élite dans les recherches contemporaines sur la francophonie canadienne. L’auteure effectuera d’abord un bref retour sur ce concept tel qu’il était entendu à la fois dans les travaux de théorie politique et dans ceux portant sur le Canada français. Elle fera ensuite un bref détour par ce que le sociologue Norbert Elias a appelé les « configurations » du pouvoir, afin de montrer que la notion d’élite est toujours présente, notamment dans les écrits portant sur la gouvernance communautaire, mais que celle-ci se dissimule aujourd’hui derrière le lexique de la nouvelle gestion publique.
Why does tropical convective available potential energy (CAPE) increase with warming?
Authors: Seeley Jacob T. , Romps David M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRecent work has produced a theory for tropical convective available potential energy (CAPE) that highlights the Clausius‐Clapeyron (CC) scaling of the atmosphere's saturation deficit as a driver of increases in CAPE with warming. Here we test this so‐called “zero‐buoyancy” theory for CAPE by modulating the saturation deficit of cloud‐resolving simulations of radiative‐convective equilibrium in two ways: changing the sea surface temperature (SST) and changing the environmental relative humidity (RH). For earthlike and warmer SSTs, undilute parcel buoyancy in the lower troposphere is insensitive to increasing SST because of a countervailing CC scaling that balances the increase in the saturation deficit; however, buoyancy increases dramatically with SST in the upper troposphere. Conversely, in the RH experiment, undilute buoyancy throughout the troposphere increases monotonically with decreasing RH. We show that the zero‐buoyancy theory successfully predicts these contrasting behaviors, building confidence that it describes the fundamental physics of CAPE and its response to warming.
Stability of rapid finite‐fault inversion for the 2014 Mw6.1 South Napa earthquake
Authors: Zhang Yong , Wang Rongjiang , Chen Yun‐Tai 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLocal seismograms are useful for rapidly reconstructing kinematic finite‐fault sources, but the results often depend not only on the data coverage but also on uncertainties of parameters (e.g., hypocentral location and fault geometry) used as a priori information during the inversion. An automatic scheme was applied to offline tests for the 2014 South Napa earthquake. In the case of retrospective full‐waveform inversions, a network with station spacing of 10 km within the epicentral distance of 30 km is able to provide adequate stable key source parameters if the preestimated hypocenter and fault orientation are accurate of ±5 km and ±15°, respectively. In simulated real‐time inversions, the magnitude reaches Mw6.0 at 13 s, and the slip distribution matches that from the retrospective inversion at about 22–28 s after the origin time of the earthquake. These results are meaningful for estimating the lead time of a catastrophic seismic event.