bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Impeller Combination on the Gas-Liquid Dispersion Performance of a Coaxial Mixer in Viscous Fluids
Authors: Liu Baoqing , Fan Fangyi , Chen Xiaoge , Liu Jinliang , Jin Zhijiang 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
As a kind of mixer with wide adaptability, coaxial mixer has a wide-application in the process industry. With the help of experiment and numerical simulation, the gas-liquid dispersion performance of four impeller combinations in viscous system was studied in terms of the global gas holdup, local gas holdup, local bubble size and liquid phase flow field. Wall-scraping anchor is the common outer impeller of the four impeller combinations, and the four inner impellers are Rushton turbine, six-straight-blade turbine (SBT), 45° six-pitched-blade turbine pumping downwards (PBTD) and 45° six-pitched-blade turbine pumping upwards (PBTU). The experimental results indicate that the global gas holdup of the Rushton impeller combination is the highest among the four impeller combinations and that of PBTU is the lowest. The local gas holdup of Rushton and PBTU combinations are all high, but the gas distribution with the Rushton combinations is more uniform. Besides, the local bubble size of the four impeller combinations has the same tendency with the local gas holdup. Under the same conditions, the flow field and distribution of gas holdup of the four impeller combinations in stirred tank were simulated numerically. Compared with the experimental results, the simulation results show a good agreement on the value and distribution of local gas holdup. Among the four coaxial mixers, the Rushton impeller combination is more suitable for gas-liquid dispersion.
Parameters Affecting Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation Behavior of Gentian Violet under UV Irradiation with Several Kinds of TiO2 as a Photocatalyst
Authors: Bendjabeur Seyfeddine , Zouaghi Razika , Kaabeche O.N.H , Sehili Tahar 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The photocatalytic decolorization of Gentian violet (GV) from an aqueous solution was studied by focusing on comparison of the photoactivity of different type of TiO2 catalyst. The process was carried out under a variety of conditions. The efficiency of P25-Degussa and PC50-Millennium photocatalysts were compared. The effect of different parameters such as pH, initial dye concentration, catalyst loading and the presence of some anions on both adsorption in the absence of light and the degradation under UV irradiation have been studied. 365 nm UV-A lamp was employed as irradiation source. The kinetic study showed that no correlation was observed between the adsorption capacity of the catalyst and its photoactivity, despite of this the effect of various parameters on adsorption and photocatalytic kinetic behavior was practically similar on various catalysts. The photocatalytic degradation of GV followed first-order reaction kinetics and the higher adsorption and photocatalytic degradation were obtained at the alkaline medium (pH = 10 for P25 and pH = 8 for PC50). However, the reaction at the acidic medium was gradually delayed due to the effect of charge repulsion. The presence of some anions (Cl−, SO42−, NO3−) in the medium at higher concentration was found to reduce the adsorption and to inhibit the degradation.
The Effects of T-TIP Market Access Reform on EU Beef Import Demand
Authors: Countryman Amanda M , Muhammad Andrew 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Import policies in the European Union have greatly restricted beef imports from all sources. The presence of a binding tariff-rate quota (TRQ) on beef imports in tandem with sanitary and phytosanitary restrictions on biotechnological food products specifically inhibit beef imports from the United States and limit market access in the EU. Potential passage of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership may lead to a loosening of non-tariff measures (NTM) that serve as technical barriers to trade and give rise to the coexistence of hormone and non-hormone beef products in the EU marketplace. This research assesses the potential changes in import demand for beef under a trade agreement that allows for imports of conventional beef as well as an expansion of the existing TRQ in the EU beef import market. Results confirm that EU imports of beef will increase from all sources with an expansion of the TRQ and that elimination of the NTM related to beef production practices leads to an increase in competiveness of U.S. and Australian beef in the EU import market.
Gentiana kurroo Royle attenuates the metabolic aberrations in diabetic rats; Swertiamarin, swertisin and lupeol being the possible bioactive principles
Authors: Ghazanfar Khalid , Mubashir Khan , Dar Showkat A , Nazir Tazeen , Hameed Iqra , Ganai Bashir A , Akbar Seema , Masood Akbar 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background

Gentiana kuroo Royle is a medicinally important plant of north-western Himalayas used for various ailments. In the present study, the plant extracts were investigated for the antidiabetic effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Methods
The impact of the extracts on serum glucose levels of diabetic rats was compared with reference drug – glibenclamide-treated diabetic rats. Streptozotocin injection was used to induce diabetes in fasted rats. Various biochemical, physiological and histopathological parameters in diabetic rats were observed for assessing the antidiabetic activity.

Results
The serum glucose concentrations in diabetic rats were significantly lowered by the extracts (methanolic and hydroethanolic at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight). Several related biochemical parameters like creatinine, low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase were likewise decreased by the concentrates. The extracts also showed reduction in feed and water consumption of diabetic rats when compared with the diabetic control. The extracts were found to demonstrate regenerative/protective effect on β-cells of pancreas in diabetic rats. The methanolic and hydroethanolic extracts also exhibited hypoglycaemic effect in normal glucose-fed rats (oral glucose tolerance tests). LC-MS characterization of this extract showed the presence of these compounds – Swertiamarin, swertisin, lupeol, etc.

Conclusions
The current study demonstrated the counter diabetic capability of G. kuroo Royle being powerful in hyperglycaemia and can viably ensure against other metabolic deviations created by diabetes in rats. The possible bioactive principles responsible for the antidiabetic activity of G. kurroo Royle are Swertiamarin, swertisin and lupeol.
Hyperandrogenism in adolescent girls: relationship with the somatotrophic axis
Authors: Hernandez María Isabel , López Patricia , Gaete Ximena , Villarroel Claudio , Cavada Gabriel , Avila Alejandra , Iñiguez German , Cassorla Fernando 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background:
During puberty there is a physiologic increase in adrenal and ovarian androgens. It has been suggested that the somatotrophic axis may be related to the development of hyperandrogenism and anovulation in non-obese adult women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). The objective of the study was to investigate whether ovarian androgen secretion in young postmenarchal girls is related to the function of their somatotropic axis.

Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study of adolescent girls. We studied non-obese adolescent girls with hyperandrogenism (HA; n = 21) matched with control girls (C; n = 25) for chronological age, age at menarche and body mass index. We obtained a fasting blood sample for measurement of serum glucose, insulin, 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OH-Prog), dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), androstenedione, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-3, ghrelin, leptin, AMH (antiMüllerian hormone), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) during the follicular phase of the menstrual period. We performed an oral glucose tolerance test to determine blood glucose, insulin and ghrelin levels and urine samples to measure urinary GH (growth hormone) levels.

Results:
As expected, the hyperandrogenic girls had significantly higher Ferriman scores, basal total testosterone, free androgen index (FAI), androstenedione, AMH, and basal LH levels compared with the girls in controls. Serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-3 and urinary GH did not differ between HA and C. There was a correlation between urinary GH and FAI in all girls (r 0.29, p < 0.05). In addition, in HA girls FAI correlated with insulin, homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) and ghrelin.

Conclusions:
We observed a correlation between urinary GH and FAI in the hyperandrogenic and control girls, suggesting that the function of the somatotrophic axis may influence the secretion of androgens in adolescent girls.
Copy number variations in “classical” obesity candidate genes are not frequently associated with severe early-onset obesity in children
Authors: Windholz Jan , Kovacs Peter , Schlicke Marina , Franke Christin , Mahajan Anubha , Morris Andrew P. , Lemke Johannes R. , Klammt Jürgen , Kiess Wieland , Schöneberg Torsten , Pfäffle Roland , Körner Antje 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground:Obesity is genetically heterogeneous and highly heritable, although polymorphisms explain the phenotype in only a small proportion of obese children. We investigated the presence of copy number variations (CNVs) in “classical” genes known to be associated with (monogenic) early-onset obesity in children.Methods:In 194 obese Caucasian children selected for early-onset and severe obesity from our obesity cohort we screened for deletions and/or duplications by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification reaction (MLPA). As we found one MLPA probe to interfere with a polymorphism inResults:In the selected subset of most severely obese children, we did not find CNV withConclusions:In our modest sample of severely obese children, we were unable to find CNVs in well-established monogenic obesity genes. Nevertheless, we found an association of rs3734354 in
Dilemmatic aspects of language policies in a trilingual preschool group
Authors: Puskás Tünde , Björk-Willén Polly 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article explores dilemmatic aspects of language policies in a preschool group in which three languages (Swedish, Romani and Arabic) are spoken on an everyday basis. The article highlights the interplay between policy decisions on the societal level, the teachers’ interpretations of these policies, as well as language practices on the micro level. The preschool group is seen as a complex context for negotiating language policies and expectations regarding language use. The theoretical framework builds on Billig’s work on ideological and everyday dilemmas that we argue are detectable at both levels of the analysis. The analysis of the ethnographic material shows that the explicit language policy formulated in the Swedish preschool curriculum leads, in practice, to ideological, pedagogical and everyday dilemmas. Moreover, an unwillingness to set rules for children’s language choice combined with the central position of free play in Swedish preschool practice has led to a situation in which children fall short of their potential to develop bilingual competence.
Goal and Strategies of an Insurgent Group: Violent and Non-violent Actions
Authors: Zambrano Andrés , Zuleta Hernando 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe model the strategy of an insurgent group that follows a pattern of prolonged popular war but negotiates with the government. The main results of the model are the following: (i) If the marginal probability of signing a peace treaty is significantly low when the guerrilla invests little on non-violent strategies, then they will continue to fight and allocate all its resources on military power. (ii) Ceteris paribus, the future stock of military power of a guerrilla is increasing in their current military power and its budget. (iii) The greater the government’s military power, the lower the share of resources guerrillas allocate to violent strategies. We also provide two examples of negotiation processes between the Colombian government and FARC, and relate it to our theoretical results.
Earning a Peace Dividend in a Crisis Environment: The Greek Case
Authors: Bragoudakis Zacharias G. , Zombanakis George A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this paper we attempt to assess the extent to which conversion policies involving the shift of resources from the defence to the non-defence sector may entail some form of peace dividend for the economy of Greece. The issue has become one of increasing importance during the past few years during which the demand for growth-supporting policies has been a top priority requirement as an antidote to the recession. The paper employs a VAR model in order to investigate the interactions among the growth rate of gross domestic product and alternative measures of defence expenditure. We find that defence spending and more so, expenditure on defence equipment, under the present circumstances in which the bulk of the procurement represents import payments is not related in any form of Granger-causal relationship with the economic growth of Greece. Our results point to the fact that there can be no possibility of a peace dividend under the circumstances prevailing, unless defence procurement policies shift to an import – substitution strategy.
Converging Allies?
Authors: Arvanitidis Paschalis , Kollias Christos , Messis Petros 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the relevant literature, policy convergence is broadly defined as the gradual process through which countries acquire similar traits in terms of one or more policy characteristics such as objectives, inputs, instruments, outputs. Within the broader policy convergence discourse, this paper empirically investigates the presence of a defence policy convergence in the NATO alliance. Defence spending expressed as a share of GDP represents the resources countries allocate to the production of military capabilities and is adopted as the variable through which the question at hand is examined. In broad terms, results reported herein fromβandσ-convergence methodologies as well as from Markov chains, suggest the presence of a defence policy convergence process.
From Revolution to Elections. A Comparative Analysis of Tunisia and Egypt
Authors: Bettarelli Luca 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPolitical participation is far from being a trivial issue. The focus of this paper will be on two dissimilar acts of political participation in the context of the Arab Spring: revolution and elections. In detail, I will first describe participants in revolution and elections – who they are and why they do participate – to then analyse the link (if any) between revolution and electoral participation. This study will develop a comparison between the cases of Tunisia and Egypt. The findings will illustrate that Tunisian insurgents are more likely to vote in post-revolution elections when compared to their Egyptian fellows, and that this is consistent with the events in the aftermath of the two revolutions.
From Head to Head: An Emergy Analysis of a War Rifle Bullet
Authors: Gonella Francesco , Elia Christian , Cristiano Silvio , Spagnolo Sofia , Vignarca Francesco 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEmergy (spelled with an “m”) analysis is a method for environmental and systemic accounting in terms of sustainability and quality of resources used for a product, service or process. In this paper, it is applied to the assault rifles projectiles used in war battlefields. The specific emergy is evaluated in terms of sej/bullet, pointing out the upstream investment made by both the environment and the human society to produce the bullet in its operating war conditions. Comparison is made with alternative uses of the same resources when addressed to the support of development and wellbeing.
‘Of the Expence of Defence’: What Has Changed Since Adam Smith?
Authors: Brauer Jurgen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis essay selectively reviews the history of economic thought on war and peace, starting with Adam Smith. Today, Smith’s trickle of thoughts has become a broad marshland. In this marshland, however, discrete currents are apparent – some stronger, some weaker – which this essay identifies, in rough chronological order, as war, defense, conflict, military, security, and peace economics. As these terms often are used interchangeably, one purpose of the essay is to more clearly delineate these intellectual currents and differentiate them from each other. By building canals in the marshlands as it were, the aim is to help all flows of contributions become stronger.
Law and Equity, and “Law and History” as a Resource of Critique
Authors: Wilson Sarah 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This article’s support for the critical equity agenda can be found in proposing that scholarship on equity could benefit from embracing a distinctive “Law and History” approach. In doing so, it acknowledges that amongst “mainstream” areas of law, equity has been the subject of very extensive historical scrutiny, and suggests that further but differently focused historicization can complement what is already exigent within conventional legal history alongside critical legal history. In illuminating how “Law and History” might differ from traditional and critical legal histories, the analysis explains how “Law and History” embodies established approaches within both, but emphasises the work of historians to a much greater degree than either. In identifying its current hallmarks, it explains that the parameters of “Law and History” are still being worked through. It also suggests that this notwithstanding, setting out for lawyers how historians perceive themselves and their work, and approach their craft – drawing this from current and highly profiled debate within history itself – identifies the potential of history as a resource of critique across legal scholarship. In identifying historians’ own perceptions of the importance of “mutual reinforcement” in social science scholarship, the analysis also explains how law can become a much more extensive resource of critique for history than is currently the case.
Equity and Legal Reasoning
Authors: Samuel Geoffrey 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper defends the distinction between law and equity with regard to legal reasoning. It argues that equity not only can provide – as the late Bernard Rudden said – an alibi but equally can add an extra dimension to the reasoning process. It helps the legal reasoner to escape from a two-dimensional “flat” world into one that functions in three-dimensions in which the complexities of social reality can be given more adequate expression.
Equity and the Social Reproduction of Capital
Authors: Gearey Adam 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This essay draws on Marxist thinking to argue that equity is essential to the social reproduction of finance capital. Equitable doctrines can be seen as assemblages that define and reproduce the way in which money, people and property relate to each other. Assemblages of equity/capital are ideological complexes – ways of being, thinking and acting that effectively legitimize a particular mode of production. The role that equity plays in the functioning of a regime of profit making is effectively concealed from the student of the subject. Feminist scholars have perhaps been the most successful in drawing attention to the “hidden” patriarchal logic of the subject. However, unless feminist insights are linked to an understanding of the social reproduction of capital, we cannot appreciate how modes of capital accumulation operate under cover of the legitimizing effects of equitable doctrines.
Equity, Property, and the Ethical Subject
Authors: Stone Matthew 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Orthodox ideas of ownership tend to depict property as a private domain that expresses the owner’s formal rights. Yet equity does much to resist this outlook, deploying ethically-loaded ideas such as conscience and articulating an interpersonal and distinctly duty-driven character to property relations. Focusing on English case law, this article suggests that we can gather various strands of equitable property norms, particularly those derived from the constructive trust, around relationships of responsibility and vulnerability. Furthermore, the article asks what such equitable ideas about property might therefore tell us about the purportedly (self-)possessive character of human subjectivity. Rather than constructing people as sovereign, autonomous proprietors, we might read equity as tracing an ethical quality to the way we perceive ourselves and others through property-related ideas.
The Castrated Trustee: Jouissance and Breach of Trust
Authors: Herian Robert 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
As a highly prolific legal mechanism that both predated and subsequently found form amid the development of Anglo-American capitalist societies, the modern-day trust operates across manifold private, commercial, domestic and international spheres. As a consequence of their complex legal, economic and political significance that informs, for example, the worlds of global corporate finance as well as public pensions, trusts play a remarkably important role in helping shape the wider socio-cultural domain of Anglo-American jurisdictions and beyond. Yet trusts remain under- or ill-considered juridical sites in terms of continuing critical-legal dialogues, and especially the dialogue between equity and psychoanalysis. This article will explore how the trust mirrors or recreates in an external juridical form the internal regulation of desire and enjoyment that occurs within the psychic space of the subject-as-trustee. In particular, via duties and obligations a trustee holds on behalf of the subject-as-beneficiary, and the resultant
Tending the Garden: Equity and Exscription
Authors: Oppermann Jan-Patrick 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The first part of this essay means to make a modest contribution to the critical – that is to say investigative and non-traditional – study of the philosophical origin, sense, and parameters of the concept of equity. Its focus will at first be on Aristotle. Then I will seek to widen the Aristotelian concept of equity by a consideration of the moral and intellectual capacity of “enlarged mentality” as found in Hannah Arendt’s interpretation of Kant. In doing so, I will actively seek to loosen the legal or judicial bonds of this concept, instead allowing it to freely enter a larger conceptual space involving the political and the psychological. In the second part of the essay, this larger conceptual space leads me to a wider meditation with speculative moments concerning the possibility of an ontological extension of a trans-legal interpretation of equity through a consideration of some aspects of the work of French philosopher Jean-Luc Nancy, particularly his notion of “exscription.” In the third part of the essay, I then supplement this Nancean meditation with a psychological turn focusing on Nancy’s commentary on Freud’s remark on the “extension of psyche.” I offer these speculative moments to step beyond Aristotelian and Arendtian/Kantian constraints and also in order to advance possible philosophical exploration of equity and justice against overly narrow containers in “legal philosophy” including “critical legal theory.”
Utopias in The Tempest
Authors: Laghi Simona 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Early Modern period is characterised by political and social turmoil, so the investigation of new forms of government develops with the aim to restore peace and stability. The theological idea of sovereignty reveals the weakness of its foundational principles, which are overtaken by a renewed interest in scientific discoveries and an increasing faith in human reason. As a consequence of all this, new concepts of government arise and spread in Europe, opening the way to new political and social scenarios. In the circumscribed space of the unknown island in