bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Authors: Susanti Ida , Handayani Sarwo , Ekowatiningsih Riyanti , Prasetyorini Budi , A Yusnita Endah , Ardianto Donni Agus , K Widjaya Sastra 
Published: December 2017

Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan yang utama diindonesia dan dunia, sampai saat ini teknik dalam mengidentifikasi parasit malaria masih menjadi tantangan peneliti untuk dikembangkan. Malaria pada manusia dapat dideteksi dengan menggunakan beberapa cara yaitu secara mikroskopis, serologi, PCR, dan teknik lainnya. Standar baku pemeriksaan malaria adalah mikroskopis dengan cahaya polikromatis yaitu lampu halogen atau Light Emitting Dioda (LED) yang mengidentifikasi morfologi dan jejak hemozoin pada tahapan lanjutan perkembangan parasite malaria. Teknik microscope sangat handal untuk dilakukan di daerah terpencil, namun kelemahan dari deteksi mikroskopis adalah kurang efisien waktu dan adanya artefak pada apusan darah dikarenakan objek dalam darah ataupun kotoran saat pembuatan apusan darah, hal ini sangat berpengaruh terhadap hasil analsis dari gambar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang alat dengan memodifikasi mikroskop yang digabungkan dengan otomatisasi perekaman dan pergerakan meja preparat serta pencahayaan sinar laser untuk mengurangi waktu pembacaan dan mengurangi kesalahan baca akibat artefak pada slide. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu modifikasi mikroskop dengan pergerakan meja preparat menggunakan mikrokontroler dan perekaman webcam serta modifikasi pencahayaan menggunakan cahaya monokromatis dari cahaya Laser dengan panjang gelombang 402nm (violet), 532nm (hijau) dan 650nm (merah) dengan kekuatan intensitas yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa modifikasi mikroskop dengan pergerakan meja preparat dan penggunaan cahaya Laser hijau dan laser biru dengan rentang intensitas diatas 40 mW dapat menghasilkan gambaran parasit yang baik dan dapat dibaca oleh analis mikroskopis. Hasil uji perbedaan dan uji korelasi secara statistik didapatkan bahwa gambaran morfologi parasit pada tiap-tiap hapusan darah yang dilihat menggunakan mikroskop dengan cahaya polikromatis menggunakan LED dan cahaya monokromatis didapatkan bahwa tidak cukup bermakna, baik pada hapusan darah tebal ataupun tipis.
A RESPONSABILIDADE EXTRACONTRATUAL DAS INSTITUIÇÕES FINANCEIRAS NA CONCESSÃO DE CRÉDITO FRENTE AO IMPULSO CONSUMISTA
Authors: Sacchq Bruno César Costa , Oliveira Luiz Fernando de 
Published: December 2017

Neste trabalho buscamos demonstrar a importância do crédito na sociedade, considerando as grandes possibilidades de aquisição que ele viabiliza, atendendo ao princípio da dignidade humana no que tange à qualidade de vida, moradia e locomoção, por exemplo, mas por outro lado, quando é realizado sem a devida orientação e estudo da saúde financeira do consumidor, pode ocorrer o fenômeno do superendividamento, momento em que o crédito revela sua outra face, que é capaz de levar o consumidor a uma situação que fere o mesmo princípio da dignidade humana e põe em xeque o mínimo existencial. A economia não é dinâmica sem o crédito e o consumo fica restrito ou até mesmo inviabilizado, mas deve haver muita sabedoria no momento de contratação de um compromisso financeiro. Este artigo demonstrará o posicionamento do Estado e também das instituições financeiras quanto aos empréstimos, visto que o consumidor, em sua maioria, contrata empréstimos sem a ciência dos juros que serão cobrados e do risco a que ele estará exposto submetendo-se a esta obrigação. Analisaremos a intervenção do Estado na proteção ao consumidor através da lei 8.078/90, o Código de Defesa do Consumidor e também os portais de educação financeira, dos bancos associados à FEBRABAN, que elaboraram o normativo de credito responsável, autorregulação dos bancos na conduta de análise de crédito, nas propagandas e divulgação de produtos e serviços e conscientização do consumidor quanto aos empréstimos, taxas e tudo que envolve sua saúde financeira.
Bainite and Superbainite in Long Products and Forged Applications*
Authors: Sourmail T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
There is no discussion that bainite has been under the spotlight of both academic research and industrial developments in the steel industry for the past 30 years. Bainitic forging steels have long been promised to a bright future with many examples already discussed in the mid-1980s. Thirty years later, it is interesting to see whether these materials have held up to expectations and what is their current status as hot forging steel grades. Successes and difficulties are discussed over the experience at Ascometal in designing and producing bainitic steels. Further from but getting perhaps closer to industrial applications, the topic of “nanostructured” bainite or “superbainite” has attracted considerable attention over the past 15 years. Recent efforts have focused on evaluating the performances of such materials for various applications, beyond looking at basic tensile strength. This implies understanding the tensile ductility, fatigue properties and wear resistance of such materials for example, but also comparing the results to existing steel grades and other manufacturing methods, and considering the costs of the different alternatives. An overview of some recent results is provided, and collateral benefits in the investigations of these materials are also presented.
Assessing Working Memory in Mild Cognitive Impairment with Serial Order Recall
Authors: Emrani Sheina , Libon David J. , Lamar Melissa , Price Catherine C. , Jefferson Angela L. , Gifford Katherine A. , Hohman Timothy J. , Nation Daniel A. , Delano-Wood Lisa , Jak Amy , Bangen Katherine J. , Bondi Mark W. , Brickman Adam M. , Manly Jennifer , Swenson Rodney , Au Rhoda ,   on behalf of the Consortium for Clinical and Epidemiological Neuropsychological Data Analysis (CENDA)
Published: December 2017

Background: Working memory (WM) is often assessed with serial order tests such as repeating digits backward. In prior dementia research using the Backward Digit Span Test (BDT), only aggregate test performance was examined. Objective: The current research tallied primacy/recency effects, out-of-sequence transposition errors, perseverations, and omissions to assess WM deficits in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: Memory clinic patients ( n = 66) were classified into three groups: single domain amnestic MCI (aMCI), combined mixed domain/dysexecutive MCI (mixed/dys MCI), and non-MCI where patients did not meet criteria for MCI. Serial order/WM ability was assessed by asking participants to repeat 7 trials of five digits backwards. Serial order position accuracy, transposition errors, perseverations, and omission errors were tallied. Results: A 3 (group)×5 (serial position) repeated measures ANOVA yielded a significant group×trial interaction. Follow-up analyses found attenuation of the recency effect for mixed/dys MCI patients. Mixed/dys MCI patients scored lower than non-MCI patients for serial position 3 ( p < 0.003) serial position 4 ( p < 0.002); and lower than both group for serial position 5 (recency; p < 0.002). Mixed/dys MCI patients also produced more transposition errors than both groups ( p < 0.010); and more omissions ( p < 0.020), and perseverations errors ( p < 0.018) than non-MCI patients. Conclusions: The attenuation of a recency effect using serial order parameters obtained from the BDT may provide a useful operational definition as well as additional diagnostic information regarding working memory deficits in MCI.
OGLE-2017-BLG-0173Lb: Low-mass-ratio Planet in a “Hollywood” Microlensing Event
Authors: Hwang K.-H. , Udalski A. , Shvartzvald Y. , Ryu Y.-H. , Albrow M. D. , Chung S.-J. , Gould A. , Han C. , Jung Y. K. , Shin I.-G. , Yee J. C. , Zhu W. , Cha S.-M. , Kim D.-J. , Kim H.-W. , Kim S.-L. , Lee C.-U. , Lee D.-J. , Lee Y. , Park B.-G. , Pogge R. W. ,   (KMTNet Collaboration), Skowron J. , Mróz P. , Poleski R. , Kozłowski S. , Soszyński I. , Pietrukowicz P. , Szymański M. K. , Ulaczyk K. , Pawlak M. ,   (OGLE Collaboration), Bryden G. , Beichman C. , Novati S. Calchi , Gaudi B. S. , Henderson C. B. , Jacklin S. , Penny M. T. ,   (UKIRT Microlensing Team)
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present microlensing planet OGLE-2017-BLG-0173Lb, with planet–host mass ratio of either

or

, the lowest or among the lowest ever detected. The planetary perturbation is strongly detected, Δχ
2 ∼ 10000, because it arises from a bright (therefore, large) source passing over and enveloping the planetary caustic: a so-called “Hollywood” event. The factor ∼2.5 offset in q arises because of a previously unrecognized discrete degeneracy between Hollywood events in which the caustic is fully enveloped and those in which only one flank is enveloped, which we dub “Cannae” and “von Schlieffen,” respectively. This degeneracy is “accidental” in that it arises from gaps in the data. Nevertheless, the fact that it appears in a Δχ
2 = 10000 planetary anomaly is striking. We present a simple formalism to estimate the sensitivity of other Hollywood events to planets and show that they can lead to detections close to, but perhaps not quite reaching, the Earth/Sun mass ratio of

. This formalism also enables an analytic understanding of the factor ∼2.5 offset in q between the Cannae and von Schlieffen solutions. The Bayesian estimates for the host mass, system distance, and planet–host projected separation are

,

, and

, respectively. The two estimates of the planet mass are

and

. The measured lens-source relative proper motion

will permit imaging of the lens in about 15 years or at first light on adaptive-optics imagers on next-generation telescopes. These will allow one to measure the host mass but probably will not be able to resolve the planet–host mass-ratio degeneracy.
Resonant Electron Impact Excitation of 3d Levels in Fe14+ and Fe15+
Authors: Tsuda Takashi , Shimizu Erina , Ali Safdar , Sakaue Hiroyuki A. , Kato Daiji , Murakami Izumi , Hara Hirohisa , Watanabe Tetsuya , Nakamura Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present laboratory spectra of the 3p–3d transitions in Fe14+ and Fe15+ excited with a mono-energetic electron beam. In the energy-dependent spectra obtained by sweeping the electron energy, resonant excitation is confirmed as an intensity enhancement at specific electron energies. The experimental results are compared with theoretical cross sections calculated based on fully relativistic wave functions and the distorted wave approximation. Comparisons between the experimental and theoretical results show good agreement for the resonance strength. A significant discrepancy is, however, found for the non-resonant cross section in Fe14+. This discrepancy is considered to be the fundamental cause of the previously reported inconsistency of the model with the observed intensity ratio between the

and

transitions.
Mass Profile Decomposition of the Frontier Fields Cluster MACS J0416-2403: Insights on the Dark-matter Inner Profile
Authors: Annunziatella M. , Bonamigo M. , Grillo C. , Mercurio A. , Rosati P. , Caminha G. , Biviano A. , Girardi M. , Gobat R. , Lombardi M. , Munari E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present a high-resolution dissection of the two-dimensional total mass distribution in the core of the Hubble Frontier Fields galaxy cluster MACS J0416.1−2403, at z = 0.396. We exploit HST/WFC3 near-IR (F160W) imaging, VLT/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer spectroscopy, and Chandra data to separate the stellar, hot gas, and dark-matter mass components in the inner 300 kpc of the cluster. We combine the recent results of our refined strong lensing analysis, which includes the contribution of the intracluster gas, with the modeling of the surface brightness and stellar mass distributions of 193 cluster members, of which 144 are spectroscopically confirmed. We find that, moving from 10 to 300 kpc from the cluster center, the stellar to total mass fraction decreases from 12% to 1% and the hot gas to total mass fraction increases from 3% to 9%, resulting in a baryon fraction of approximatively 10% at the outermost radius. We measure that the stellar component represents ∼30%, near the cluster center, and 15%, at larger clustercentric distances, of the total mass in the cluster substructures. We subtract the baryonic mass component from the total mass distribution and conclude that within 30 kpc (∼3 times the effective radius of the brightest cluster galaxy) from the cluster center the surface mass density profile of the total mass and global (cluster plus substructures) dark-matter are steeper and that of the diffuse (cluster) dark-matter is shallower than an NFW profile. Our current analysis does not point to a significant offset between the cluster stellar and dark-matter components. This detailed and robust reconstruction of the inner dark-matter distribution in a larger sample of galaxy clusters will set a new benchmark for different structure formation scenarios.
Model-independent Measurement of Internal Stellar Structure in 16 Cygni A and B
Authors: Bellinger Earl P. , Basu Sarbani , Hekker Saskia , Ball Warrick H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present a method for measuring internal stellar structure based on asteroseismology that we call “inversions for agreement.” The method accounts for imprecise estimates of stellar mass and radius as well as the relatively limited oscillation mode sets that are available for distant stars. By construction, the results of the method are independent of stellar models. We apply this method to measure the isothermal sound speeds in the cores of the solar-type stars 16 Cyg A and B using asteroseismic data obtained from Kepler observations. We compare the asteroseismic structure that we deduce against best-fitting evolutionary models and find that the sound speeds in the cores of these stars exceed those of the models.
Understanding Breaks in Flare X-Ray Spectra: Evaluation of a Cospatial Collisional Return-current Model
Authors: Alaoui Meriem , Holman Gordon D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Hard X-ray (HXR) spectral breaks are explained in terms of a one-dimensional model with a cospatial return current. We study 19 flares observed by the Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager with strong spectral breaks at energies around a few deka-keV, which cannot be explained by isotropic albedo or non-uniform ionization alone. We identify these breaks at the HXR peak time, but we obtain 8 s cadence spectra of the entire impulsive phase. Electrons with an initially power-law distribution and a sharp low-energy cutoff lose energy through return-current losses until they reach the thick target, where they lose their remaining energy through collisions. Our main results are as follows. (1) The return-current collisional thick-target model provides acceptable fits for spectra with strong breaks. (2) Limits on the plasma resistivity are derived from the fitted potential drop and deduced electron-beam flux density, assuming the return current is a drift current in the ambient plasma. These resistivities are typically 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than the Spitzer resistivity at the fitted temperature, and provide a test for the adequacy of classical resistivity and the stability of the return current. (3) Using the upper limit of the low-energy cutoff, the return current is always stable to the generation of ion-acoustic and electrostatic ion-cyclotron instabilities when the electron temperature is nine times lower than the ion temperature. (4) In most cases, the return current is most likely primarily carried by runaway electrons from the tail of the thermal distribution rather than by the bulk drifting thermal electrons. For these cases, anomalous resistivity is not required.
Convective Velocity Suppression via the Enhancement of the Subadiabatic Layer: Role of the Effective Prandtl Number
Authors: Bekki Y. , Hotta H. , Yokoyama T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
It has recently been recognized that the convective velocities achieved in current solar convection simulations might be overestimated. The newly revealed effects of the prevailing small-scale magnetic field within the convection zone may offer possible solutions to this problem. The small-scale magnetic fields can reduce the convective amplitude of small-scale motions through the Lorentz-force feedback, which concurrently inhibits the turbulent mixing of entropy between upflows and downflows. As a result, the effective Prandtl number may exceed unity inside the solar convection zone. In this paper, we propose and numerically confirm a possible suppression mechanism of convective velocity in the effectively high-Prandtl number regime. If the effective horizontal thermal diffusivity decreases (the Prandtl number accordingly increases), the subadiabatic layer which is formed near the base of the convection zone by continuous depositions of low entropy transported by adiabatically downflowing plumes is enhanced and extended. The global convective amplitude in the high-Prandtl thermal convection is thus reduced, especially in the lower part of the convection zone via the change in the mean entropy profile, which becomes more subadiabatic near the base and less superadiabatic in the bulk.
L’Irak a-t-il jamais pu exister ?
Authors: Howorth Jolyon 
Published: December 2017

Né de la décomposition de l’empire ottoman gérée par les impérialismes occidentaux, l’Irak, espace composite, a vu se succéder les régimes sans créer les bases psychologiques et politiques d’un État-nation. Les événements des deux dernières décennies n’ont fait, avec une lourde responsabilité occidentale, que creuser le fossé entre les communautés et les affiliations. L’Irak a-t-il jamais vraiment existé pour ses populations, et les conflits régionaux le laisseront-ils survivre ?
Gestión de la comunicación de crisis en los atentados de 2017 en Reino Unido. Propuesta de un protocolo 2.0 para la comunicación de crisis
Authors: Martínez Solana María Yolanda , Frazão Nogueira Ana Gabriela , Valarezo González Karina Paola 
Published: December 2017

El artículo estudia diferentes ejemplos de comunicación de crisis correcta o equivocada, especialmente en el campo de la política, y sus efectos sobre los niveles de aprobación de un liderazgo político. Se pone especial énfasis en la secuencia de los tres atentados ocurridos este año en Gran Bretaña, en cómo la primera ministra Theresa May reaccionó, y en cómo los errores comunicativos que cometió provocaron que perdiera la mayoría absoluta en las elecciones del 8 de junio. Metodología: Para elaborar este documento, se han estudiado 32 artículos de hasta diez medios británicos, de los que sobresalen The Guardian, BBC y The Independent, con especial atención a los sucesos de los días estudiados. Asimismo, se han consultado varios libros y artículos de investigación sobre la comunicación política y sobre aspectos particulares de ella. Cinco días se han tomado especialmente como muestra: el 22 de marzo, fecha del atentado en el Puente de Westminster; el 22 de mayo, el atentado en el Manchester Arena; el 3 de junio, día en que se produjo el ataque en el Puente de Londres; el 8 de junio, fecha de las elecciones generales; y el 14 de junio, cuando el edificio Grenfell se incendió. Conclusiones y resultados: A partir de todos los documentos estudiados, y tras terminar la investigación, la conclusión es que una mala gestión de la comunicación en una crisis provoca un descenso brusco de la confianza popular en el líder político al mando, y, como en esta ocasión, una desafección que puede reflejarse rápidamente en las urnas. Theresa May cometió muchos errores políticos y comunicativos durante estas crisis, y ello provocó que no lograse el resultado electoral que ella esperaba al convocar las elecciones. Al mismo tiempo, si se gestiona bien una crisis, el apoyo popular del mandatario aumenta exponencialmente, gracias al efecto ‘round the flag.
“It's Not Just Time Off”: A Framework for Understanding Factors Promoting Recovery From Burnout Among Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Abedini Nauzley C. , Stack Shobha W. , Goodman Jessie L. , Steinberg Kenneth P. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
Burnout rates for internal medicine residents are among the highest of all specialties, yet little is known about how residents recover from burnout.

Objective
We identified factors promoting recovery from burnout and factors that assist with the subsequent avoidance of burnout among internal medicine residents.

Methods
A purposive sample of postgraduate year 2 (PGY-2), PGY-3, and recent graduates who experienced and recovered from burnout during residency participated in semistructured, 60-minute interviews from June to August 2016. Using qualitative methods derived from grounded theory, saturation of themes occurred after 25 interviews. Coding was performed in an iterative fashion and consensus was reached on major themes.

Results
Coding revealed 2 different categories of resident burnout—circumstantial and existential—with differing recovery and avoidance methods. Circumstantial burnout stemmed from self-limited circumstances and environmental triggers. Recovery from, and subsequent avoidance of, circumstantial burnout arose from (1) resolving workplace challenges; (2) nurturing personal lives; and (3) taking time off. In contrast, existential burnout stemmed from a loss of meaning in medicine and an uncertain professional role. These themes were identified around recovery: (1) recognizing burnout and feeling validated; (2) connecting with patients and colleagues; (3) finding meaning in medicine; and (4) redefining a professional identity and role.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that residents experience different types of burnout and have variable methods by which they recover from and avoid further burnout. Categorizing residents' burnout into circumstantial versus existential experiences may serve as a helpful framework for formulating interventions.