bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA barcoding of tuberous Orchidoideae: a resource for identification of orchids used in Salep
Authors: Ghorbani Abdolbaset , Gravendeel Barbara , Selliah Sugirthini , Zarré Shahin , de Boer Hugo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTubers of terrestrial orchids are harvested and traded from the eastern Mediterranean to the Caspian Sea for the traditional product Salep. Overexploitation of wild populations and increased middle‐class prosperity have escalated prices for Salep, causing overharvesting, depletion of native populations and providing an incentive to expand harvesting to untapped areas in Iran. Limited morphological distinctiveness among traded Salep tubers renders species identification impossible, making it difficult to establish which species are targeted and affected the most. In this study, a reference database of 490 nrITS, trnL‐F spacer and matK sequences of 133 taxa was used to identify 150 individual tubers from 31 batches purchased in 12 cities in Iran to assess species diversity in commerce. The sequence reference database consisted of 211 nrITS, 158 trnL‐F and 121 matK sequences, including 238 new sequences from collections made for this study. The markers enabled unambiguous species identification with tree‐based methods for nrITS in 67% of the tested tubers, 58% for trnL‐F and 59% for matK. Species in the genera Orchis (34%), Anacamptis (27%) and Dactylorhiza (19%) were the most common in Salep. Our study shows that all tuberous orchid species in this area are threatened by this trade, and further stresses the urgency of controlling illegal harvesting and cross‐border trade of Salep tubers.
Modified low‐salt CTAB extraction of high‐quality DNA from contaminant‐rich tissues
Authors: Arseneau Jean‐René , Steeves Royce , Laflamme Mark 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe increasing use of high‐throughput sequencing platforms has made the isolation of pure, high molecular weight DNA a primary concern for studies of a diverse range of organisms. Purification of DNA remains a significant challenge in many tissue and sample types due to various organic and inorganic molecules that coprecipitate with nucleic acids. Molluscs, for example, contain high concentrations of polysaccharides which often coprecipitate with DNA and can inhibit downstream enzymatic reactions. We modified a low‐salt CTAB (MoLSC) extraction protocol to accommodate contaminant‐rich animal tissues and compared this method to a standard CTAB extraction protocol and two commercially available animal tissue DNA extraction kits using oyster adductor muscle. Comparisons of purity and molecular integrity showed that our in‐house protocol yielded genomic DNA generally free of contaminants and shearing, whereas the traditional CTAB method and some of the commercial kits yielded DNA unsuitable for some applications of massively parallel sequencing. Our open‐source MoLSC protocol provides a cost‐effective, scalable, alternative DNA extraction method that can be easily optimized and adapted for sequencing applications in other contaminant‐rich samples.
Silver phiale said to be from al‐Juba (al‐Wusṭa Governorate) — an archaeological puzzle
Authors: Yule Paul A. , Pariselle Christine 
Published: October 2016

In March 2014, while recording finds in the Ministry of Heritage and Culture in al‐Khuwair, artefacts unexpectedly came to light reportedly from al‐Juba in Oman's Bar al‐Ḥikmān, in al‐Wusṭa Governorate, until recently an archaeologically little‐researched part of the Sultanate. Some of the pieces could be attributed to the Samad LIA or perhaps the PIR, both from the centuries at the turning point of the ages from BCE to CE. Such finds have never before come to light in this part of Oman. Samad LIA sites are generally located some 220 km to the north on the southern flank of the al‐Ḥajjar mountains in a zone c.160 x 105 km in area. Diagnostic pottery finds spread from Wadi Bānī Ruwāhah (UTM 40Q 620570 m E, 2561848 m N) eastwards to the coast, a smaller area than previously believed.
Fishers' knowledge as an information source to investigate bycatch of marine mammals in the South China Sea
Authors: Liu M. , Lin M. , Turvey S. T. , Li S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBycatch mortality is a significant driver of marine mammal population declines. However, there is little information available on patterns or magnitude of bycatch mortality in many heavily fished Asian marine systems such as the South China Sea (SCS). To address this limited knowledge base, we conducted interviews with fishers to gather local ecological knowledge on marine mammal bycatch around Hainan Island, China. Gillnets were the primary fishing gear used in local fisheries, and were also responsible for the majority of reported marine mammal bycatch events in recent decades. Bycatch events were reported from all seasons but were most frequent in spring (38.4%), which might relate to seasonal variation in fishing activities. The spatial pattern of relative bycatch densities for Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins, Indo‐Pacific finless porpoises and unidentified small dolphins varied around Hainan and neighbouring waters. A substantial proportion of informants (36.1 and 9.2% respectively) reported that they have eaten or sold marine mammal meat, demonstrating the continued existence of cultural practices of consuming marine mammals on Hainan. Responses of fishers to bycatch events were dependent both on their existing attitudes and perceptions towards marine mammals and on other sociocultural factors. Almost half of informants agreed that marine mammal populations in the SCS have decreased. Declines were thought by informants to have been caused by overfishing, water pollution and vessel collisions, with bycatch responsible for further declines in dolphins.
Fatal acute poisonings in Australian children (2003–13)
Authors: Pilgrim Jennifer L. , Jenkins Elizabeth L. , Baber Yeliena , Caldicott David , Drummer Olaf H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackground and AimsFatal poisonings in children comprise a small proportion of cases investigated by an Australian coroner; however, they present a major opportunity for death prevention. This study aimed to examine fatal child poisonings in Australia to (1) estimate the rate of acute poisoning deaths in children; (2) describe the key characteristics of the cohort; and (3) describe the outcomes of coronial recommendations made as a death prevention measure.DesignRetrospective case series.SettingThe National Coronial Information System (NCIS), a database of cases reported to an Australian coroner.ParticipantsNinety poisoning deaths reported to an Australian coroner between January 2003 and December 2013 involving children (≤ 16 years of age).MeasuresLogistic regression, Pearson's correlation coefficient and descriptive statistics were used to examine the significance of associations. The primary outcome measures were poisoning type and cause of death. Covariates included age and mental illness.FindingsThere were marginally more males (52.2%) [confidence interval (CI) = 44.4–45.6] in the cohort and most occurred in the 13–16‐year age group (58.9%) (CI = 7.5–12.5). Deaths were typically unintentional (61.1%) (CI = 17.9–27.1) and occurred in the home (68.9%) (CI = 6.8–15.7). The most common form of poisoning was due to opioids (24.4%), followed by carbon monoxide (20%) and volatile substances (18.9%) (CI = 18.5–19.6). Males had slightly higher odds of dying from prescription opioids compared with females [odds ratio (OR) = 1.9, CI = 0.7–5.1], but this was not statistically significant. A recommendation was made by a coroner in 12 cases, 10 of which related to poisons (including drugs). Of these, eight recommendations were implemented.ConclusionsIn Australia between 2003 and 2013 there were on average eight acute poisoning deaths in children each year, most commonly involving prescription opioids and adolescents. There has been a downward trend in mortality since 2003. These cases generated more than twice as many recommendations for public safety compared with other Australian coroners’ cases.
Continuous improvement in national ART standards by the RTAC accreditation system in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Harrison Keith , Peek John , Chapman Michael , Bowman Mark 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundAssisted reproductive technology (ART) clinics in Australia and New Zealand are accredited and licensed against a Code of Practice audited by certifying bodies accredited by the Joint Accreditation System for Australia and New Zealand (JAS‐ANZ). The system is administered by the Reproductive Technology Accreditation Committee (RTAC) of the Fertility Society of Australia.AimsTo review the incidence of variances and findings identified by certifying bodies in Australian and New Zealand ART clinics within the currency of a single version of the Code of Practice.MethodsRetrospective analysis of certifying body findings against the RTAC Code of Practice incorporating 15 Critical Criteria audited annually and 16 Good Practice Criteria including a Quality Management System audited over a three year cycle.ResultsThe incidence of clinics with variances against the Critical Criteria fell from 77 to 14% over two years, as did the mean number of variances per clinic which fell from 1.54 to 0.14.ConclusionsImplementation of the RTAC accreditation system in Australia and New Zealand has contributed to steady improvement in standards and a reduction in risk in ART treatments.
Cultural Differences in the Role of Economic Competitiveness in Prejudice toward Immigrants and Foreign Workers
Authors: Shin Hyeyoung , Dovidio John F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study investigated cultural differences in the role of economic competitiveness in prejudice toward immigrants and foreign workers between Northern European‐heritage and East Asian cultures. Because economic competitiveness and achievement are associated with core cultural values in Northern European‐heritage cultures, we hypothesized that economic competitiveness would be associated with prejudice toward immigrants and foreign workers more strongly in Northern European‐heritage than in East Asian cultures. Results based on nationally representative samples drawn from the World Values Survey revealed that prejudice toward immigrants and foreign workers was generally higher in East Asian (South Korea and China) than in Northern European‐heritage (Norway and the United States) cultures. However, as predicted, a stronger association was found between economic competitiveness and prejudice toward immigrants and foreign workers in Northern European‐heritage than East Asian cultures, controlling for sociodemographic backgrounds of participants (gender, age, education, and income), ecological diversity of each country, values of uniqueness and conformity, attitude toward ethnic diversity, and racism. These findings support the hypothesis that the central values of a culture shape the nature of prejudice within it, including prejudice toward immigrants and foreign workers, and highlight the importance of understanding the cultural dynamics of prejudice.
Scaling clearance in paediatric pharmacokinetics: All models are wrong, which are useful?
Authors: Germovsek Eva , Barker Charlotte I. S. , Sharland Mike , Standing Joseph F. 
Published: October 2016

Linked ArticlesThis article is commented on in the editorial by Holford NHG and Anderson BJ. Why standards are useful for predicting doses. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83: 685–7. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13230AimWhen different models for weight and age are used in paediatric pharmacokinetic studies it is difficult to compare parameters between studies or perform model‐based meta‐analyses. This study aimed to compare published models with the proposed standard model (allometric weight0.75 and sigmoidal maturation function).MethodsA systematic literature search was undertaken to identify published clearance (CL) reports for gentamicin and midazolam and all published models for scaling clearance in children. Each model was fitted to the CL values for gentamicin and midazolam, and the results compared with the standard model (allometric weight exponent of 0.75, along with a sigmoidal maturation function estimating the time in weeks of postmenstrual age to reach half the mature value and a shape parameter). For comparison, we also looked at allometric size models with no age effect, the influence of estimating the allometric exponent in the standard model and, for gentamicin, using a fixed allometric exponent of 0.632 as per a study on glomerular filtration rate maturation. Akaike information criteria (AIC) and visual predictive checks were used for evaluation.ResultsNo model gave an improved AIC in all age groups, but one model for gentamicin and three models for midazolam gave slightly improved global AIC fits albeit using more parameters: AIC drop (number of parameters), –4.1 (5), –9.2 (4), –10.8 (5) and –10.1 (5), respectively. The 95% confidence interval of estimated CL for all top performing models overlapped.ConclusionNo evidence to reject the standard model was found; given the benefits of standardised parameterisation, its use should therefore be recommended.
Integrin Targeting and Toxicological Assessment of Peptide‐Conjugated Liposome Delivery Systems to Activated Endothelial Cells
Authors: Kermanizadeh Ali , Villadsen Klaus , Østrem Ragnhild G. , Jensen Knud J. , Møller Peter , Loft Steffen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUtilization of functionalized liposomes as the means of targeted delivery of therapeutics may enhance specific transport of biologically active drugs to target tissues, while avoiding or reducing undesired side effects. In the present investigation, peptide‐conjugated cationic liposomes were constructed with the aim of targeting integrins (i.e. vitronectin and/or fibronectin receptors) on activated endothelial cells. The peptide‐conjugated liposomes induced only cytotoxicity at the highest concentration in non‐activated or activated endothelial cells, as well as in co‐culture of endothelial cells and macrophages. There was unaltered secretion of cytokines after exposure of peptide‐conjugated liposomes to endothelial cells, indicating that the materials were not inflammogenic. Liposomes with a peptide targeting the fibronectin receptor (integrin α5β1) were more effective in targeting of activated endothelial cells, as compared to a liposome with a peptide that targeted both the fibronectin and vitronectin receptors, as well as liposomes with a control peptide. The liposome targeted to the fibronectin receptor also displayed uptake in endothelial cells in co‐culture with activated macrophages. Therefore, this study demonstrates the feasibility of constructing a peptide‐conjugated cationic liposome, which displays targeting to activated endothelial cells at concentrations that are not cytotoxic or inflammogenic to the cells.
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Personalized Genomic Medicine Research: Current Literature and Suggestions for the Future
Authors: Callier Shawneequa L. , Abudu Rachel , Mehlman Maxwell J. , Singer Mendel E. , Neuhauser Duncan , Caga‐Anan Charlisse , Wiesner Georgia L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurpose: This review identifies the prominent topics in the literature pertaining to the ethical, legal, and social issues (ELSI) raised by research investigating personalized genomic medicine (PGM).Methods: The abstracts of 953 articles extracted from scholarly databases and published during a 5‐year period (2008–2012) were reviewed. A total of 299 articles met our research criteria and were organized thematically to assess the representation of ELSI issues for stakeholders, health specialties, journals, and empirical studies.Results: ELSI analyses were published in both scientific and ethics journals. Investigational research comprised 45% of the literature reviewed (135 articles) and the remaining 55% (164 articles) comprised normative analyses. Traditional ELSI concerns dominated the discourse including discussions about disclosure of research results. In fact, there was a dramatic increase in the number of articles focused on the disclosure of research results and incidental findings to research participants. Few papers focused on particular disorders, the use of racial categories in research, international communities, or special populations (e.g., adolescents, elderly patients, or ethnic groups).Conclusion: Considering that strategies in personalized medicine increasingly target individuals’ unique health conditions, environments, and ancestries, further analysis is needed on how ELSI scholarship can better serve the increasingly global, interdisciplinary, and diverse PGM research community.
Pulmonary dysfunction in thalassaemia major: is there any relationship with body iron stores?
Authors: Guidotti Francesca , Piatti Gioia , Marcon Alessia , Cassinerio Elena , Giuditta Marianna , Roghi Alberto , Fasano Valter , Consonni Dario , Cappellini Maria Domenica 
Published: October 2016

SummaryAlthough pulmonary function abnormalities in thalassaemia major (TM) were described in 1980, the pathogenetic mechanism is not clear and data are contradictory, probably because of study heterogeneity and the multifactorial nature of the pathogenesis. We retrospectively analysed 73 adult TM patients to evaluate the prevalence of pulmonary dysfunction in adult TM and investigate relationships with iron load. All patients underwent body plethysmography and carbon monoxide diffusion (DLCO) was assessed in 63, in addition to blood tests, echocardiogram and T2* myocardial and liver magnetic resonance imaging. Restrictive lung disease was present in 26 (35·6%) patients. Serum ferritin levels were higher in patients with restrictive pattern (1526 μg/l vs. 975 μg/l, P = 0·05). Restrictive lung disease did not correlate with cardiac or liver iron overload. However, considering only patients with serum ferritin >2500 μg/l, those with restrictive pattern also had heart (T2* 14·28 ± 9·99 ms vs. 31·59 ± 7·43 ms) and liver iron overload (LIC 16·02 ± 8·44 mg vs. 5·02 ± 2·69 mg Fe/g dry weight) compared to those without restrictive pattern. Twenty‐five patients (39·7%) had decreased DLCO. No correlation was observed with iron parameters. In our data restrictive pattern was predominant; we observed a relationship with serum ferritin levels suggesting that iron, particularly its chronic effect, could play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary disease.
Outcome of primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a 20‐year British Columbia Cancer Agency experience
Authors: Hapgood Greg , Pickles Tom , Sehn Laurie H. , Villa Diego , Klasa Richard , Scott David W. , Gerrie Alina S. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Slack Graham W. , Parsons Christina , Morris James W. , Connors Joseph M. , Savage Kerry J. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryPrimary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PCALCL) is a rare CD30+ lymphoproliferative disorder with excellent outcomes reported despite frequent cutaneous relapses. Limited information exists on the development of systemic lymphoma. The British Columbia Cancer Agency (BCCA) Lymphoid Cancer Database was searched to identify all adults diagnosed with PCALCL from 1993 to 2013. From 2005, the BCCA endorsed radiotherapy (RT) alone for limited stage with data failing to support chemotherapy. Forty‐seven patients were identified with a male predominance (n = 31, 66%), median age of 64 years and predominantly limited stage (n = 40, 85%). Median follow‐up was 8·4 years. The 5‐year time to progression (TTP) was 58% (64% limited versus 29% advanced stage). The 5‐year disease‐specific survival (DSS) and overall survival was 86% and 75%, respectively. In an as‐treated analysis, the 5‐year DSS for limited stage patients was similar comparing RT to combined modality treatment or chemotherapy alone but the 5‐year TTP favoured RT (82% vs. 33%, P = 0·004). The 5‐year cumulative risk of developing systemic lymphoma was 14%. Our results confirm the favourable prognosis of PCALCL despite a high relapse rate. Limited stage patients treated with RT alone have excellent outcomes. There is a small risk of systemic lymphoma in PCALCL.
Genomics of primary chemoresistance and remission induction failure in paediatric and adult acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Brown Fiona C. , Cifani Paolo , Drill Esther , He Jie , Still Eric , Zhong Shan , Balasubramanian Sohail , Pavlick Dean , Yilmazel Bahar , Knapp Kristina M. , Alonzo Todd A. , Meshinchi Soheil , Stone Richard M. , Kornblau Steven M. , Marcucci Guido , Gamis Alan S. , Byrd John C. , Gonen Mithat , Levine Ross L. , Kentsis Alex 
Published: October 2016

SummaryCure rates of children and adults with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remain unsatisfactory partly due to chemotherapy resistance. We investigated the genetic basis of AML in 107 primary cases by sequencing 670 genes mutated in haematological malignancies. SETBP1, ASXL1 and RELN mutations were significantly associated with primary chemoresistance. We identified genomic alterations not previously described in AML, together with distinct genes that were significantly overexpressed in therapy‐resistant AML. Defined gene mutations were sufficient to explain primary induction failure in only a minority of cases. Thus, additional genetic or molecular mechanisms must cause primary chemoresistance in paediatric and adult AML.
Proton Pump Inhibitors and the Risk of Osseointegrated Dental Implant Failure: A Cohort Study
Authors: Wu Xixi , Al‐Abedalla Khadijeh , Abi‐Nader Samer , Daniel Nach G , Nicolau Belinda , Tamimi Faleh 
Published: October 2016

AbstractProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have a negative impact on bone accrual. Because osseointegration is influenced by bone metabolism, this study investigates the association between PPIs and the risk of osseointegrated implant failure. This retrospective cohort study included a total of 1,773 osseointegrated dental implants in 799 patients (133 implants in 58 PPIs users and 1,640 in 741 non‐users) who were treated at the East Coast Oral Surgery Clinic in Moncton, Canada, from January 2007 to September 2015. Kaplan‐Meier estimator was used to describe the hazard function of dental implant failure by PPIs usage. Multilevel mixed effects parametric survival analyses were used to test the association between PPIs exposure and risk of implant failure adjusting for potential confounders. The failure rates were 6.8% for people using PPIs compared to 3.2% for non‐users. Subjects using PPIs had a higher risk of dental implant failure (HR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.10–6.78) compared to those who did not use the drugs. The findings suggest that treatment with PPIs may be associated with an increased risk of osseointegrated dental implant failure.
Patch testing with hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC) – a multicentre study of the Swedish Contact Dermatitis Research Group
Authors: Engfeldt Malin , Hagvall Lina , Isaksson Marléne , Matura Mihály , Mowitz Martin , Ryberg Kristina , Stenberg Berndt , Svedman Cecilia , Bruze Magnus 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBackgroundIn 2014, the fragrance hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (HICC) was excluded from the Swedish baseline series.ObjectivesTo study (i) whether fragrance mix (FM) II with 5% HICC detects more positive reactions than usual FM II with 2.5% HICC, and (ii) the reproducibility of patch testing with HICC.MethodsTwo thousand one hundred and eighteen dermatitis patients at five Swedish dermatology departments were consecutively tested with FM II 14% pet., FM II 16.5% pet., and duplicate preparations of HICC 5% pet.ResultsOf the patients, 3.2% reacted to FM II 14%, and 1.5% reacted to HICC. Separate testing with HICC detected 0.3% reactions without concomitant reactivity to FM II. FM II with 5% HICC did not give rise to more irritant reactions or signs of active sensitization than FM II with 2.5% HICC. Patch testing with duplicate applications of HICC increased the overall prevalence of HICC contact allergy to 1.9%.ConclusionFM II with 5% HICC does not detect more positive reactions than FM II with 2.5% HICC. Separate testing with HICC does not detect a sufficient proportion of patients who react only to HICC, without concomitant reactions to FM II, to warrant its inclusion in a baseline series.