bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid Testing and Statin Dosing After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wang William T. , Hellkamp Anne , Doll Jacob A. , Thomas Laine , Navar Ann Marie , Fonarow Gregg C. , Julien Howard M. , Peterson Eric D. , Wang Tracy Y. 
Published: January 2018

Background

The 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cholesterol guidelines recommend high‐intensity statins for patients after myocardial infarction (
MI
) rather than treating to a low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol goal, as the previous ATP III (Adult Treatment Panel third report) guidelines had advised.

Methods and Results

To evaluate the frequency of postdischarge lipid testing and high‐intensity statin use among
MI
patients discharged on a statin during the
ATP III
guidelines era, we linked ACTION (Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network) Registry data to Medicare claims for 11 046
MI
patients aged ≥65 years who were discharged alive on a statin from 347 hospitals (2007–2009). Multivariable regression was used to evaluate the association between lipid testing and 1‐year high‐intensity statin use. Only 21% of
MI
patients were discharged on a high‐intensity statin. By 90 days after
MI
, 44% of patients discharged on a statin underwent lipid testing (43% on low‐ or moderate‐intensity statins and 49% on high‐intensity statins;
P
=0.001). Follow‐up lipid testing rates were 47% among patients with in‐hospital low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥100 mg/dL and 47% among newly prescribed statin recipients. By 1 year, only 14% of patients were on high‐intensity statins. Only 4% of patients discharged on low‐ or moderate‐dose statin were uptitrated to high intensity; postdischarge lipid testing was associated with a slightly higher likelihood of high‐intensity statin use by 1 year (5.4% versus 2.9%, adjusted odds ratio: 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.52–2.41).

Conclusions

Previous guidelines recommended low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol goal‐directed statin therapy, but lipid testing and high‐intensity statin use were infrequent after
MI
. The American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines may promote more intensive cardiovascular risk reduction by eliminating treatment dependence on lipid testing.
Governing Fishing Stocks in Northeast Asia’s Disputed Waters: Preventing a ‘Tragedy of the Commons’?
Authors: Kim Hyun Jung 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article examines fish stocks in Northeast Asia’s disputed waters in the context of the ‘tragedy of the commons.’ For fishing purposes, these waters are in an interim condition between free and closed seas; the absence of a specific coastal state governing them could trigger a tragedy of the commons unless appropriate institutions involving all the concerned states are established. This article discusses the extent to which the apparent weaknesses in texts of relevant bilateral fisheries agreements have been overcome in this region through practical implementation and states’ efforts to combat illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. It also reveals inducements and obstacles to the prevention of a tragedy of the commons.
27 Years of Regional Cooperation for Limited Area Modelling in Central Europe
Authors: Wang Yong , Belluš Martin , Ehrlich Andrea , Mile Máté , Pristov Neva , Smolíková Petra , Španiel Oldřich , Trojáková Alena , Brožková Radmila , Cedilnik Jure , Klarić Dijana , Kovačić Tomislav , Mašek Ján , Meier Florian , Szintai Balázs , Tascu Simona , Vivoda Jozef , Wastl Clemens , Wittmann Christoph 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper describes 27 years of scientific and operational achievement of Regional Cooperation for Limited Area Modelling in Central Europe (RC LACE), which is supported by the national (hydro-) meteorological services of Austria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia. The principal objectives of RC LACE are to 1) develop and operate the state-of-the-art limited-area model and data assimilation system in the member states and 2) conduct joint scientific and technical research to improve the quality of the forecasts.In the last 27 years, RC LACE has contributed to the limited-area Aire Limitée Adaptation Dynamique Développement International (ALADIN) system in the areas of preprocessing of observations, data assimilation, model dynamics, physical parameterizations, mesoscale and convection-permitting ensemble forecasting, and verification. It has developed strong collaborations with numerical weather prediction (NWP) consortia ALADIN, the High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM) group, and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). RC LACE member states exchange their national observations in real time and operate a common system that provides member states with the preprocessed observations for data assimilation and verification. RC LACE runs operationally a common mesoscale ensemble system, ALADIN–Limited Area Ensemble Forecasting (ALADIN-LAEF), over all of Europe for early warning of severe weather.RC LACE has established an extensive regional scientific and technical collaboration in the field of operational NWP for weather research, forecasting, and applications. Its 27 years of experience have demonstrated the value of regional cooperation among small- and medium-sized countries for success in the development of a modern forecasting system, knowledge transfer, and capacity building.
Precipitation Clouds Delineation Scheme in Tropical Cyclones and Its Validation Using Precipitation and Cloud Parameter Datasets from TRMM
Authors: Chen FengJiao , Sheng ShaoXue , Bao ZhengQing , Wen HuaYang , Hua LianSheng , Paul Ngarukiyimana Jean , Fu YunFei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUtilizing the cloud parameters derived from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Visible and Infrared Scanner and the near-surface rainfall detected by the TRMM Precipitation Radar, the differences of cloud parameters for precipitating clouds (PCs) and nonprecipitating clouds (NPCs) are examined in tropical cyclones (TCs) during daytime from June to September 1998–2010. A precipitation delineation scheme that is based on cloud parameter thresholds is proposed and validated using the independent TC datasets in 2011 and observational datasets from Terra/MODIS. Statistical analysis of these results shows that the differences in the effective radius of cloud particles Re are small for PCs and NPCs, while thick clouds with large cloud optical thickness (COT) and liquid water path (LWP) can be considered as candidates for PCs. The probability of precipitation increases rapidly as the LWP and COT increase, reaching ~90%, whereas the probability of precipitation reaches a peak value of only 30% as Re increases. The combined threshold of a brightness temperature at 10.8 μm (BT4) of 270 K and an LWP of 750 g m−2 shows the best performance for precipitation discrimination at the pixel levels, with the probability of detection (POD) reaching 68.2% and false-alarm ratio (FAR) reaching 31.54%. From MODIS observations, the composite scheme utilizing BT4 and LWP also proves to be a good index, with POD reaching 77.39% and FAR reaching 24.2%. The results from this study demonstrate a potential application of real-time precipitation monitoring in TCs utilizing cloud parameters from visible and infrared measurements on board geostationary weather satellites.
Seasonality in Transition Scale from Balanced to Unbalanced Motions in the World Ocean
Authors: Qiu Bo , Chen Shuiming , Klein Patrice , Wang Jinbo , Torres Hector , Fu Lee-Lueng , Menemenlis Dimitris 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe transition scale Lt from balanced geostrophic motions to unbalanced wave motions, including near-inertial flows, internal tides, and inertia–gravity wave continuum, is explored using the output from a global 1/48° horizontal resolution Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm) simulation. Defined as the wavelength with equal balanced and unbalanced motion kinetic energy (KE) spectral density, Lt is detected to be geographically highly inhomogeneous: it falls below 40 km in the western boundary current and Antarctic Circumpolar Current regions, increases to 40–100 km in the interior subtropical and subpolar gyres, and exceeds, in general, 200 km in the tropical oceans. With the exception of the Pacific and Indian sectors of the Southern Ocean, the seasonal KE fluctuations of the surface balanced and unbalanced motions are out of phase because of the occurrence of mixed layer instability in winter and trapping of unbalanced motion KE in shallow mixed layer in summer. The combined effect of these seasonal changes renders Lt to be 20 km during winter in 80% of the Northern Hemisphere oceans between 25° and 45°N and all of the Southern Hemisphere oceans south of 25°S. The transition scale’s geographical and seasonal changes are highly relevant to the forthcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission. To improve the detection of balanced submesoscale signals from SWOT, especially in the tropical oceans, efforts to remove stationary internal tidal signals are called for.
On the Use of Radiosondes in Freezing Precipitation
Authors: Waugh Sean , Schuur Terry J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRadiosonde observations are used the world over to provide critical upper-air observations of the lower atmosphere. These observations are susceptible to errors that must be mitigated or avoided when identified. One source of error not previously addressed is radiosonde icing in winter storms, which can affect forecasts, warning operations, and model initialization. Under certain conditions, ice can form on the radiosonde, leading to decreased response times and incorrect readings. Evidence of radiosonde icing is presented for a winter storm event in Norman, Oklahoma, on 24 November 2013. A special sounding that included a particle imager probe and a GoPro camera was flown into the system producing ice pellets. While the iced-over temperature sensor showed no evidence of an elevated melting layer (ML), complementary Particle Size, Image, and Velocity (PASIV) probe and polarimetric radar observations provide clear evidence that an ML was indeed present. Radiosonde icing can occur while passing through a layer of supercooled drops, such as frequently found in a subfreezing layer that often lies below the ML in winter storms. Events that have warmer/deeper MLs would likely melt any ice present off the radiosonde, minimizing radiosonde icing and allowing the ML to be detected. This paper discusses the hypothesis that the absence of an ML in the radiosonde data presented here is more likely to occur in winter storms that produce ice pellets, which tend to have cooler/shallower MLs. Where sounding data do appear to be compromised by icing, polarimetric radar data might be used to identify MLs for nowcasting purposes and numerical model initialization.
The Interaction of Indian Monsoon Depressions with Northwesterly Midlevel Dry Intrusions
Authors: Fletcher Jennifer K. , Parker Douglas J. , Hunt Kieran M. R. , Vishwanathan Gokul , Govindankutty Mrudula 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Monsoon depressions (MDs) bring substantial monsoon rainfall to northern and central India. These events usually form over the Bay of Bengal and travel across northern India toward Pakistan. Using European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts interim reanalysis, an MD-tracking algorithm, and an objective identification method, the authors find that about 40% of MDs interact with northerly intrusions of dry desert air masses as the MDs traverse the subcontinent. MD interactions with dry intrusions are often preceded by positive potential vorticity (PV) anomalies on the subtropical jet and low-level anticyclonic anomalies over the north Arabian Sea. Dry intrusions nearly halve the precipitation rate in the southwest quadrant of MDs, where MDs rain the most. However, dry intrusions increase the rainfall rate near the MD center. Similarly, ascent is reduced west of the MD center and enhanced at the MD center, especially in the upper troposphere. The reduced ascent west of MD centers is likely attributable to changes in vertical shear reducing differential cyclonic vorticity advection. Dry intrusions slightly reduce MDs’ propagation speed. For the mid- to upper-level vortex, this can be explained by anomalous westerlies reducing propagation by adiabatic advection. For the lower-tropospheric vortex, it is likely that reduced diabatic generation of PV plays a role in slowing propagation, along with reduced adiabatic advection.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopy in Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Minkara Anas A. , Westermann Robert W. , Rosneck James , Lynch T. Sean 
Published: January 2018

Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has become a more commonly recognized cause of limited hip range of motion and hip pain among young adults and athletes. Hip arthroscopy is recommended for the surgical treatment of this disorder, unless specific contraindications exist. Despite the increasing rate of published studies in this area, there remains no aggregate data for outcomes after this approach. Purpose: To evaluate risk factors and outcomes after arthroscopic management of FAI, including return to play, revision rate, surgical and nonsurgical complications, change in α-angle, intraoperative bone resection, and patient-reported outcomes. Study Design: Meta-analysis and systematic review. Methods: A review of the current literature was performed with the terms “femoroacetabular impingement,” “hip arthroscopy,” and numerous variations thereof in PubMed, EMBASE, BioMed Central, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Scopus, yielding 1723 abstracts. After screening by eligibility criteria, 31 articles were included. The incidence of bilateral FAI was determined by enrollment data, and pooled estimates were calculated for postoperative patient-reported outcome measures, α-angles, return to sport, postoperative complications, and reoperation risk. Results: A total of 1981 hips among 1911 patients were identified, with a mean ± SD age of 29.9 ± 1.9 years and 29.5 ± 14.0 months of follow-up. The incidence of bilateral FAI in these studies that required operative intervention was 3.6%. The pooled risk of reoperation after hip arthroscopy, including revision surgery or subsequent total hip arthroplasty, was 5.5% (95% CI, 3.6%-7.5%). The risk of clinical complications was 1.7% (95% CI, 0.9%-2.5%). In total, 87.7% of patients demonstrated return to sport after surgery (95% CI, 82.4%-92.9%, P < .001), and all patient-reported outcomes improved postoperatively, with the highest increase observed in the Hip Outcome Score sports scale (41.7 points; 95% CI, 34.1-49.4; P < .001). The α-angle decreased by an average of 23.6° (95% CI, 18.2°-29.0°; P < .001). We identified 11 factors associated with the success of hip arthroscopy in FAI and 16 factors associated with failure or negative outcomes. Conclusion: A high percentage of patients return to sport activities after hip arthroscopy for FAI, with a low rate of complications and reoperation. All patient-reported outcome measures, except for mental health, significantly improved after surgery.
The Role of the Vascular and Structural Response to Activity in the Development of Achilles Tendinopathy: A Prospective Study
Authors: Wezenbeek Evi , Willems Tine , Mahieu Nele , De Muynck Martine , Vanden Bossche Luc , Steyaert Adelheid , De Clercq Dirk , Witvrouw Erik 
Published: January 2018

Background: Several risk factors have been suggested in the development of Achilles tendinopathy, but large-scale prospective studies are limited. Purpose: To investigate the role of the vascular response to activity of the Achilles tendon, tendon thickness, ultrasound tissue characterization (UTC) of tendon structure, and foot posture as possible risk factors in the development of Achilles tendinopathy. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: The study began with 351 first-year students at Ghent University. After 51 students were excluded, 300 were tested in the academic years 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 and were followed prospectively for 2 consecutive years by use of a multilevel registration method. Of those, 250 students were included in the statistical analysis. At baseline, foot posture index and UTC were investigated bilaterally. Blood flow and tendon thickness were measured before and after a running activity. Cox regression analyses were performed to identify significant contributors to the development of Achilles tendinopathy. Results: During the 2-year follow-up, 27 of the included 250 participants developed Achilles tendinopathy (11%). Significant predictive effects were found for female sex and blood flow response after running ( P = .022 and P = .019, respectively). The risk of developing Achilles tendinopathy increased if the blood flow increase after running was reduced, regardless of sex, foot pronation, and timing of flow measurements. The model had a predictive accuracy of 81.5% regarding the development of Achilles tendinopathy, with a specificity of 85.0% and a sensitivity of 50.0%. Conclusion: This prospective study identified both female sex and the diminished blood flow response after running as significant risk factors for the development of Achilles tendinopathy. UTC of tendon structure, Achilles tendon thickness, and foot posture did not significantly contribute to the prediction of Achilles tendinopathy. A general evaluation of tendon structure by UTC, measurement of tendon thickness, or determination of the foot posture index will not allow clinicians to identify patients at risk for developing Achilles tendinopathy. Furthermore, it may be possible to improve blood flow after activity by using noninvasive techniques (such as prostaglandins, compression stockings, heat, massage, and vibration techniques). These techniques may be useful in the prevention and management of Achilles tendinopathy, but further research is needed.
Improvement of monocyte function and immune homeostasis by high volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration in patients with severe acute pancreatitis
Authors: Yu C. , Liu Z.-H. , Chen Z.-H. , Gong D.-H. , Ji D.-X. , Li L.S.H. 
Published: January 2018

Background Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) showed promising results in the management of critically ill patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)/sepsis. However, the underlying mechanism is still not very clear. A change of immune homeostasis in critically ill patients during CRRT was observed only to a smaller degree. Objective The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that high-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration (HV-CVVH) treatment could improve monocyte function and restore immune homeostasis in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods This was a prospective clinical trial in the surgical intensive care unit of a teaching hospital. Subjects were 16 patients with severe acute pancreatitis: sepsis group (n=7): positive culture result and in the late phase of disease (from onset of SAP to receiving CVVH therapy: more than 3 days); and nonseptic group (n=9): negative culture result and early phase of disease (less than 3 days). Patients received 72 hours of HV-CVVH. We measured the change in mean arterial pressure, APACHE II score, monocyte functions (including antigen-presenting and cytokine production ability), and plasma cytokines. Results: Mean arterial pressure were stable accompanied with APACHE II score improvements. HLA-DR expression on monocytes (antigen-presenting ability) were markedly decreased (p<0.0001) in all patients. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-10 production from patients' monocytes markedly decreased in septic patients, but significantly increased in nonseptic patients. During HV-CVVH treatment, HLA-DR expression was markedly increased in nonseptic patients in 24 hours (p<0.05), and in septic patients in 72 hours (p<0.05). LPS-induced cytokine production was decreased in nonseptic patients, but not significantly changed in septic patients. The change of plasma cytokines showed the same trend. Conclusions In patients with SAP, HV-CVVH was associated with improved hemodynamics. HV-CVVH restores monocytes functions, especially in patients in the early phase of the disease and without sepsis. These findings suggest a potential role for HV-CVVH in the treatment of SAP.
Conventional or Endoscopic Probing for Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Orhan M. , Çal P. , Önerci M. , Írkeç M. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare conventional and endoscopic probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in infants. Methods Conventional probing was performed in 22 eyes of 18 patients, age range 7–14 months (mean 11.4 months). Probing was done with intranasal endoscopic visualization in 18 eyes of 14 patients, age range 7–13 months (mean 11.2 months). All were primary probing cases. Results After conventional probing 2 of the 22 cases required reprobing. After endoscopic probing only 1 of the 18 cases required reprobing. Conclusions In most cases of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction endoscopy is not required; however, in failed cases direct visualization of the inferior meatus with endoscopic guidance may be helpful.
Measuring the Lacunar Sulci as a New Indicator of Shrinkage of the Ocular Surface
Authors: Murube J. , Chenzhuo L. , Murube E. , Rivas L. , Shalaby O. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To present a new indicator that measures the sulci of the lacrimal lake of the eye according to the degrees of ocular abduction at which they vanish. This new approach will help determine the severity and progression of mucosal retraction in ocular surface diseases. Methods A total of 181 eyes of 94 healthy persons, 130 eyes of 65 patients with Sjögren's syndrome, and 30 eyes of 15 patients with ocular pemphigoid were examined using the slit lamp. We recorded the vanishing point of the three main lacunar sulci (plico-bulbar, plico-caruncular and dermo-caruncular) while abducting. Results In healthy persons, the average vanishing points for the first and second lacunar sulci were respectively, 53.2° ± 12.3 and 54.5° ± 9.8. In patients with Sjögren's syndrome, 49.53° ± 10.81 and 53.17° ± 7.28 and in patients with incipient ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, 42.69° ± 14.33 and 44.46° ± 16.85. Statistical significance was p < 0.005. Conclusions The lacunar sulci are shallower and vanish sooner in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid and Sjögren syndrome than in normals. Investigating the vanishing point of the lacunar sulci while abducting is useful for grading the shrinkage of the conjunctiva, caruncle and medial canthus.