bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective Host–Guest Co‐crystallization of Pyridine‐Functionalized Tetraphenylethylenes with Phthalic Acids and Multicolor Emission of the Co‐crystals
Authors: Feng Hai‐Tao , Xiong Jia‐Bin , Luo Jun , Feng Wen‐Fang , Yang Desuo , Zheng Yan‐Song 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTetraphenylethylene (TPE) and its derivatives are the most typical and most widely studied organic compounds showing aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). Due to their propeller‐like structures, V‐like clefts exist between the aryl rings, which make them promising host compounds. However, such a possibility is seldom explored. Herein, it is reported that TPE derivatives bearing two or four pyridine rings at the para positions of the phenyl rings (TPE‐Pys) can selectively include triangular (Δ‐like) m‐phthalic acid from a mixture of o‐, m‐, and p‐phthalic acids due to their shape complementary to form host–guest co‐crystals, which showed redder emission than the TPE‐Pys themselves. The emission of co‐crystals 1–5 could be reversibly switched between yellow and red by alternating exposure to HCl and ammonia vapor. The host–guest co‐crystals not only exhibited great potential for selectively recognizing and separating m‐phthalic acid and as multicolor emission materials, but are also suitable for use as secret ink due to their reversible color change on varying the host–guest interactions.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Dehydroboration via Generation of Boron Enolates
Authors: Sakamoto Yuki , Amaya Toru , Suzuki Takeyuki , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe PdII‐catalyzed dehydroboration of boron enolates generated from ketones and 9‐iodo‐9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane was achieved, providing a synthetically versatile protocol from ketones to α,β‐unsaturated ketones. The PdII compound employed in this reaction worked catalytically in the presence of Cu(OAc)2. The high trans‐selectivity of the olefinic moiety was observed. Aryl halide moieties (‐Br and ‐Cl) remained intact for this reaction in spite of the presence of a Pd species. An ester substrate could also be applied when a stoichiometric amount of PdII was used. The crossover reactions using boron and silyl enolates revealed that the oxidation reaction is much faster than the Saegusa‐Ito reaction.
Facile Electrospinning Synthesis of Carbonized Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/g‐C3N4 Hybrid Films for Photoelectrochemical Applications
Authors: Wang Yan , Zhao Xu , Tian Yang , Wang Yanbin , Jan Abdul Khaliq , Chen Yutong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe film‐forming ability and conductivity of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) are still unsatisfying, despite much progress having been made in g‐C3N4‐related photocatalysts. New methods for synthesizing g‐C3N4 films coupled with excellent conductive materials are of significance. Herein, a facile method for synthesizing novel carbonized polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/g‐C3N4 (CPVP/g‐C3N4) films have been developed through an electrospinning technique. Nanocarbons are generated by in situ carbonization of PVP in the films, which could enhance the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of the films due to its good conductivity. The coverage of the CPVP/g‐C3N4 film is good and the films exhibit excellent PEC performance. Furthermore, the thickness of the films can be adjusted by varying the electrospinning time and substantially controlling the PEC performance, of which the photocurrent densities under visible‐light irradiation are 3.55, 4.92, and 6.64 μA cm−2 with spinning times of 40, 70, and 120 min, respectively. The photocurrent does not decrease until testing at 4000 s and the coverage is still good after the tests, which indicates the good stability of the films. The excellent PEC performance of the films and facile preparation method enables promising applications in energy and environmental remediation areas.
One‐Step Homologation for the Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Deoxypropionates
Authors: Xu Shiqing , Li Haijun , Komiyama Masato , Oda Akimichi , Negishi Ei‐ichi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA one‐step homologation protocol for the synthesis of natural products containing deoxypropionate motif is described by the combination of Zr‐catalyzed asymmetric carboalumination of alkenes (ZACA)‐Pd‐catalyzed vinylation and ZACA–oxidation reaction. In contrast to most other synthetic strategies used to date that typically require three steps per deoxypropionate unit due to the functional‐group interconversions, our one‐step homologation strategy promises to provide a general and more efficient synthetic route toward deoxypropionate natural products as exemplified by significant improvements in the syntheses of intermediates and/or final products of mycolipenic acid 1 and its analogue 2, (−)‐rasfonin, and syn‐ and anti‐dicarboxylic acids 5 and 6.
Phosphite‐Thiother Ligands Derived from Carbohydrates allow the Enantioswitchable Hydrogenation of Cyclic β‐Enamides by using either Rh or Ir Catalysts
Authors: Margalef Jèssica , Pàmies Oscar , Diéguez Montserrat 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPhosphite‐thioether ligands with a simple modular architecture, derived from inexpensive l‐(+)‐tartaric acid and d‐mannitol, have been for the first time successfully applied (ee values up to 99 %) in the synthesis of 2‐aminotetralines and 3‐aminochromanes by metal‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of cyclic β‐enamides. The ligands have the advantages of the robustness of the thioether/phosphite moieties and the extra control provided by the flexibility of the chiral pocket through the presence of a biaryl phosphite group and a modular carbohydrate‐derived backbone. Moreover, they are solid and stable to air and they are therefore easy to handle, manipulate, and store. Usefully, both enantiomers of the hydrogenated products were obtained by simply switching from Rh to Ir. Low hydrogen pressure and environmentally friendly propylene carbonate can be used, with no loss of selectivity.
Expedient Synthesis of 1,2‐Thiaborines by Means of Sulfur Insertion into Boroles
Authors: Yruegas Sam , Martin Caleb D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe propensity of boroles to undergo ring expansion reactions has been exploited as a route to generate 1,2‐thiaborines, molecules that can be viewed as hybrid inorganic/organic analogues of benzene. Computational studies as well as structural data indicate that the species reported here have a high degree of aromatic character.
Stereodivergent Aminocatalytic Synthesis of Z‐ and E‐Trisubstituted Double Bonds from Alkynals
Authors: Marzo Leyre , Luis‐Barrera Javier , Mas‐Ballesté Rubén , Ruano José Luis García , Alemán José 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of José Alemán at the University Autónoma of Madrid. The image depicts how the right temperature is important for organocatalytic processes and Spanish wine. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201603437.
Effect of interactions between spray jets on liquid distribution in a fluidized bed
Authors: Briens Cedric , Elkolaly Helal , Berruti Franco , McMillan Jennifer 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn Fluid Cokers™, banks of spray nozzles are used to inject oil into a bed of hot coke particles. The purpose of this study is to determine whether interactions between spray jets could enhance liquid distribution on hot coke particles, which is crucial to improve the operability and performance of Fluid Cokers. A low temperature experimental model of Fluid Coking was used to measure the liquid distribution. Preliminary screening of nozzle positions employed conductance measurements. A binder solution was utilized to further investigate the most interesting nozzle interactions, by simulating at low temperature the formation of agglomerates during high temperature coking. Adding different dyes to the binder solutions injected by the different nozzles helped determine how nozzles interacted.With two synchronized nozzles of the same size, the liquid distribution is greatly improved when the spray jets slightly merge due to the expansion time being significantly reduced. The merged spray jets result in an unstable single jet, which allows for bubbles to be released faster from the spray jet. Because the volume of the released bubble is about the same for individual and merged jets, the jets do not contract as much upon bubble release: this enhances the jets' ability to capture gas bubbles from the bed, accelerating their expansion. Fewer agglomerates are also produced due to the improved liquid distribution.
Cylindrical‐conical spouted bed dynamics: Laminar and turbulent flow predictions
Authors: Reza Md. Omar , Laugwitz Alexander , Nikrityuk Petr 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis work numerically studies transient behaviour of particulate flows in a cylindrical‐conical spouted bed in terms of comparative analysis of different models’ predictions. Two approaches were used: a laminar flow model and a turbulent flow model. As a reference case, we consider experimental studies by He et al.,[14,15] where the profiles of vertical particle velocities and the void fraction in the spout and the fountain of a full‐column spout bed were measured. In this work we used the Euler‐Euler unsteady multiphase model with the Syamlal‐O'Brien, Gidaspow, and Wen‐Yu drag models available in commercial CFD software Fluent 14.0. Analysis of results obtained by the use of laminar and turbulent flow models revealed almost identical solid and gas phase velocities and phase fractions within the spouted bed region. We found that the turbulence plays a significant role only in the gas phase above the spouted bed and it does not have any influence on the solid phase. Comparing our simulation results in the form of time‐averaged vertical velocity of the solid phase against experimental data showed acceptable agreement in the spout and very good agreement in the fountain region. Numerical simulations with the Syamlal‐O'Brien drag model gave better agreement with experimental data than results obtained using the Gidaspow and Wen‐Yu drag models. To analyze the transient behaviour of the spouted bed, we use the volume‐averaged particle velocity and gas phase velocity. The analysis of their time histories showed that the start up time is 2–3 s. The developed unsteady regime is reached after 4–5 s. Additionally we studied numerically the influence of different discretization schemes for convective terms on the final results. We found that the use of 1st order upwind scheme gives a steady state solution for both models, laminar and turbulent. Finally, we investigated the influence of the restitution coefficient on the transient characteristics of a cylindrical‐conical spouted bed. A decrease in the value of the restitution coefficient leads to an increase in the period of oscillations of the volume‐averaged velocities of the gas and solid phases.
Phase 2 study of low‐dose clofarabine plus cytarabine for patients with higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome who have relapsed or are refractory to hypomethylating agents
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Faderl Stefan , Sasaki Koji , Kadia Tapan , Daver Naval , Pemmaraju Naveen , Patel Keyur , Khoury Joseph D. , Bueso‐Ramos Carlos , Bohannan Zachary , Ravandi Farhad , Borthakur Gautam , Verstovsek Srdan , Miller Darla , Maduike Rita , Hosing Chitra , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDThe outcome of patients with higher‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) after hypomethylating agent (HMA) failure is poor. This study evaluated the safety and activity of a combination of low‐dose clofarabine and cytarabine for these patients.METHODSSeventy patients with higher‐risk MDS who had no response, progressed, or relapsed after at least 4 cycles of HMA therapy were treated.RESULTSThe median age was 72 years. Thirty‐nine percent of the patients had high‐risk disease according to the International Prognostic Scoring System, and 50% of the patients had poor‐risk cytogenetics. Twenty‐three percent of the patients had therapy‐related MDS. The median number of prior cycles of HMA was 6 (range, 4‐45). The overall response rate was 44%. The 6‐week mortality rate was 9%. Grade 3 and higher nonhematologic toxicities were rare, but infections occurred in 52% of the patients, and fever of unknown origin occurred in 33%. The median overall survival (OS) was 10 months (95% confidence interval, 1‐37 months). Thirteen percent of the patients underwent allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The responding patients had a median OS of 22 months, whereas the nonresponding patients had a median OS of 4 months. A complex karyotype was associated with worse response rates and OS.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of low‐dose clofarabine and cytarabine is clinically active in these patients with few treatment options.Cancer2017;123:629–637.©2016 American Cancer Society.
Patterns and Distribution of Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Elements Within Serial Electron Microscopic Reconstructions of Neuronal Arbors From the Medicinal Leech Hirudo verbana
Authors: Pipkin Jason E. , Bushong Eric A. , Ellisman Mark H. , Kristan Jr. William B. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTMicroscale connectomics involves the large‐scale acquisition of high‐resolution serial electron micrographs from which neuronal arbors can be reconstructed and synapses can be detected. In addition to connectivity information, these data sets are also rich with structural information, including vesicle types, number of postsynaptic partners at a given presynaptic site, and spatial distribution of synaptic inputs and outputs. This study uses serial block‐face scanning electron microscopy (EM) to collect two volumes of serial EM data from ganglia of the medicinal leech. For the first volume, we sampled a small fraction of the neuropil belonging to an adult ganglion. From this data set we measured the proportion of arbors that contained vesicles and the types of vesicles contained and developed criteria to identify synapses and to measure the number of apparent postsynaptic partners in apposition to presynaptic boutons. For the second data set, we sampled an entire juvenile ganglion, which included the somata and arbors of all the neurons. We used this data set to placd our findings from mature tissue in the context of fully reconstructed arbors and to explore the spatial distribution of synaptic inputs and outputs on these arbors. We observed that some neurons segregated their arbors into input only and mixed input/output zones, that other neurons contained exclusively mixed input/output zones, and that still others contained only input zones. These results provide the groundwork for future behavioral studies. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:1–1, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Amine‐Directed Hydrogen‐Bonded Two‐Dimensional Supramolecular Structures
Authors: Afsari Sepideh , Li Zhihai , Borguet Eric 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUtilizing pure amine hydrogen bonding is a novel approach for constructing two‐dimensional (2D) networks. Further, such systems are capable of undergoing structural modifications due to changes in pH. In this study, we designed a 2D network of triaminobenzene (TAB) molecules that by varying the pH from neutral to acidic, form either ordered or disordered structures on Au(111) surface as revealed in scanning tunneling microscopy images. In near‐neutral solution (pH ≈5.5), protonation of TAB generates charged species capable of forming H‐bonds between amine groups of neighboring molecules resulting in the formation of a 2D supramolecular structure on the electrified surface. At lower pH, due to the protonation of the amine groups, intermolecular hydrogen bonding is no longer possible and no ordered structure is observed on the surface. This opens the possibility to employ pH as a chemical trigger to induce a phase transition in the 2D molecular network of triaminobenzene molecules.
New Method for the Deposition of Nickel Oxide in Porous Scaffolds for Electrodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers
Authors: Ruiz‐Trejo Enrique , Puolamaa Milla , Sum Brian , Tariq Farid , Yufit Vladimir , Brandon Nigel P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA simple chemical bath deposition is used to coat a complex porous ceramic scaffold with a conformal Ni layer. The resulting composite is used as a solid oxide fuel cell electrode, and its electrochemical response is measured in humidified hydrogen. X‐ray tomography is used to determine the microstructural characteristics of the uncoated and Ni‐coated porous structure, which include the surface area to total volume, the radial pore size, and the size of the necks between the pores.
Anionically Stabilized Cellulose Nanofibrils through Succinylation Pretreatment in Urea–Lithium Chloride Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Selkälä Tuula , Sirviö Juho Antti , Lorite Gabriela S. , Liimatainen Henrikki 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) are green chemicals that have the potential to replace traditional solvents in chemical reactions. In this study, urea–LiCl DES was used successfully as a reaction medium in the anionic functionalization of wood cellulose with succinic anhydride. The effects of reaction temperature and time on the carboxyl content and yield were evaluated. The analyses of the degree of polymerization and crystallinity revealed that the DES was a nondegrading and nondissolving reaction medium. Three samples with the highest carboxyl contents were further nanofibrillated with a microfluidizer to diameters of 2–7 nm, as observed by atomic force microscopy. Samples treated at 70–80 °C for 2 h gave the best outcome and resulted in highly viscose and transparent gels. The sample treated at 90 °C contained larger nanoparticles and larger aggregates owing to the occurrence of possible side reactions but resulted in better thermal stability.
Efficient resource provisioning using traffic balancing in multidomain optical networks
Authors: Batham Deepak , Yadav Dharmendra Singh , Prakash Shashi 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIn multidomain optical networks (MDONs) the emerging multimedia, multivendor applications–based scheduled traffic (ST) is periodic and repeated day by day. The traffic is heavy during the working hours and slack during the non‐office hours. This results in the scarcity of network resources during the working hours, leading to the increased blocking of requests, even though there remains relatively large underused capacity during the non‐office hours. To use the network resources uniformly and efficiently, the demands may be slided within or shifted along the time zones/windows. In this paper, we first propose a heuristic algorithm, time‐aware routing and wavelength assignment (TA‐RWA), which allocates resources without traffic balancing (TB) for the ST in MDON. Time‐aware routing and wavelength assignment policy is then used as a benchmark for comparison with the 3 different TB solutions (named as P1‐TB, P2‐TB, and P3‐TB), in which the network load is redistributed by rescheduling the intradomain and interdomain demands. We performed extensive simulation experiments in MATLAB environment and compared the proposed policies with the existing ordering policies. From the results, it can be inferred that the proposed TB policies outperform the TA‐RWA, and the existing strategies of the blocking probability, resource utilization ratio (RUR), and percentage of intradomain and interdomain connections established. The best performance is achieved using P3‐TB strategy, in which requests are slided within, and shifted, along different time windows. The strategy shows about 70% reduction in the percentage blocking probability with respect to the TA‐RWA and the existing strategies.
Progesterone from maternal circulation binds to progestin receptors in fetal brain
Authors: Wagner Christine K. , Quadros‐Mennella Princy 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTSteroid hormones activate nuclear receptors which, as transcription factors, can regulate critical aspects of neural development. Many regions of the rat forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain express progestin receptors (PR) during perinatal life, suggesting that progesterone may play an important role in the development of the brain. An immunohistochemical approach using two antibodies with differential recognition of ligand‐bound PR was used to examine whether fetuses are exposed to maternal progesterone during pregnancy and whether progesterone from maternal circulation can bind to PR within the fetal brain. Findings demonstrate that maternal and fetal serum progesterone levels are positively correlated at the end of gestation, suggesting a common source of progesterone in mothers and fetuses (e.g., the maternal ovary). Additional findings suggest that administration of exogenous progesterone to mothers not only increases fetal serum progesterone levels within 2 h, but appears to increase ligand‐bound PR in fetal brain. These findings suggest that progesterone of maternal origin may play a previously overlooked role in neural development. In addition, there are implications for the ongoing prophylactic use of synthetic progestins in pregnant women for the prevention of premature birth. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 767–774, 2017
Experimentally comparing the attractiveness of domestic lights to insects: Do LEDs attract fewer insects than conventional light types?
Authors: Wakefield Andrew , Broyles Moth , Stone Emma L. , Jones Gareth , Harris Stephen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLED lighting is predicted to constitute 70% of the outdoor and residential lighting markets by 2020. While the use of LEDs promotes energy and cost savings relative to traditional lighting technologies, little is known about the effects these broad‐spectrum “white” lights will have on wildlife, human health, animal welfare, and disease transmission. We conducted field experiments to compare the relative attractiveness of four commercially available “domestic” lights, one traditional (tungsten filament) and three modern (compact fluorescent, “cool‐white” LED and “warm‐white” LED), to aerial insects, particularly Diptera. We found that LEDs attracted significantly fewer insects than other light sources, but found no significant difference in attraction between the “cool‐” and “warm‐white” LEDs. Fewer flies were attracted to LEDs than alternate light sources, including fewer Culicoides midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Use of LEDs has the potential to mitigate disturbances to wildlife and occurrences of insect‐borne diseases relative to competing lighting technologies. However, we discuss the risks associated with broad‐spectrum lighting and net increases in lighting resulting from reduced costs of LED technology.