bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical review of loans in Chichimec (c.1767–2012)
Authors: Lastra Yolanda 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this paper an attempt is made to sketch the history of loans from Spanish to Jonaz Chichimec, the only surviving Chichimec (Otopamean) language. These Chichimecs were hunters and gatherers whom the Spanish conquerors despised and feared. Their refusal to quit their ancient way of life was the cause of their almost total destruction in 1748 by the soldiers of colonel Escandón in present-day Querétaro. The approximately 1000 speakers living today are located in a community in San Luis de la Paz, Guanajuato. Loans in published sources only go back to the eighteenth century and the materials are scanty. More abundant materials are texts gathered by the author (1958–2010). The percentage of loans found varies according to the degree of dominance of the native language.
Western and Central Nahua dialects
Authors: Dakin Karen 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This contribution explores the possibilities in the terms of comparative and historical linguistics that detailed analyses of six isoglosses in Nahua dialectology can serve to determine the chronology of key changes identified. Other proposals that treat those same changes are evaluated, in particular two made by Campbell & Langacker (1978), one concerning the possible subgrouping of Nahua with Corachol, and another within Nahua regarding the status of Pochutec as related to Western and Eastern Nahua. Revisions in previous analyses are also proposed with regard to the changes undergone by proto-UA **p in initial position, the complicated part played by the correspondences for the proto-UA vowel **u in forming the isoglosses for the Uto-Aztecan system of short vowels, and lastly, considerations that yet need to be taken into account about the origins of and the role played by the isoglosses for the lateral affricate ƛ. Secondly, the paper deals with the role in triggering such changes played by contact and more importantly multilingualism in western Mexico, especially that involving Nahua with Cora and Huichol. And third, although only very tentatively, the importance of the later Western Nahua migrations into the central area of Mexico and how the historical conditions that surrounded these may relate to the linguistic results. The findings help to explain the situation that Canger (1988) proposed in which Central Nahuatl in her terms (2011), was an “Urban Nahuatl”, a PostClassic koine of sorts, created when later waves of Western Nahuas arrived in the high plateau, a region that must have already been settled in part by earlier waves of Eastern Nahuas whose arrival, very probably, had been during the Classic period.
The Mesoamerican linguistic area revisited
Authors: Munro Pamela 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Campbell, Kaufman & Smith Stark (1986; henceforth CKSS) propose a number of criterial traits for identifying “a particularly strong linguistic area” in Mesoamerica, showing that diverse languages from different language families of the region share enough morphological, syntactic, and lexical features to be legitimately considered a Sprachbund. In this paper, I present data suggesting that another language of Central America explicitly excluded from CKSS’s Mesoamerican list, the Arawakan language Garifuna, should be added to the Mesoamerican typological grouping. I also discuss several additional syntactic features characteristic of languages in the region which may be added to the list of characteristic Mesoamerican traits.
Language diversity, contact and change in the Americas
Authors: Pache Matthias , Mossel Arjan , Adelaar Willem F. H. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Filippo Salvatore Gilij (1721–1789) was a Jesuit priest and scholar who is known in linguistic circles primarily as the discoverer of several South American language families and as an astute observer of various linguistic phenomena. In his Saggio di storia americana (1780–1784), Gilij focuses on two linguistic phenomena: (1) Language change and the effect upon it of language contact. (2) The roots of both linguistic diversity and similarities as evinced by Amerindian languages. This paper explores Gilij’s observations on language and the influence exerted on his thinking by the work of earlier scholars. His model can be characterized as a hybrid of religious ideas and modern linguistic theory, with language contact as a major component in both.
Spanish in the Americas
Authors: Luján Marta 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Bakhtin’s dialogical principle (DP) is a social theory of language that provides the right framework to characterize the Spanish language in the Americas (LAS) in intrinsic relation to the ‘mestizo’ (mixed) culture and identity that emerged from the biocultural contact resulting from the Spanish intrusion in the New World. I present an approach that uses the DP theory of the utterance, which meshes its constitutive extraverbal elements, interlocutors, chronotope, and theme, with the words and phrases uttered. Since in DP the utterance’s extraverbal elements enter into its semantics, content words must function as lexical variables. However, unlike functional variables such as demonstratives and personal pronouns, the lexical variables have unique lexical options (or shortcuts) that work as default values, the lexicon being a historical repository of the lexical shortcuts culturally shared by a community. An alterity theory integrates DP applying to interlocutors and defining the intragrupal vs. extragrupal dialogic contact as relevant for LAS formation in the 16th century. Additional arguments deal with (i) alterity and identity, (ii) the extragrupal dialogism with American Indians, and (iii) the historical vs. cultural chronotopes of the living utterances that initiated and shaped the Spanish colonial discourse in the Americas.
NucliTrack: an integrated nuclei tracking application
Authors: Cooper Sam , Barr Alexis R , Glen Robert , Bakal Chris 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Summary
Live imaging studies give unparalleled insight into dynamic single cell behaviours and fate decisions. However, the challenge of reliably tracking single cells over long periods of time limits both the throughput and ease with which such studies can be performed. Here, we present NucliTrack, a cross platform solution for automatically segmenting, tracking and extracting features from fluorescently labelled nuclei. NucliTrack performs similarly to other state-of-the-art cell tracking algorithms, but NucliTrack’s interactive, graphical interface makes it significantly more user friendly.

Availability and implementation
NucliTrack is available as a free, cross platform application and open source Python package. Installation details and documentation are at: http://nuclitrack.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ A video guide can be viewed online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J6e0D9F-qSU Source code is available through Github: https://github.com/samocooper/nuclitrack. A Matlab toolbox is also available at: https://uk.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/61479-samocooper-nuclitrack-matlab.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Redefining environmental stewardship to deliver governance frameworks for marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction
Authors: Ridings Penelope 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In 2015 the United Nations General Assembly decided to develop an international legally binding instrument (ILBI) under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. To that end, it established a Preparatory Committee (PrepCom), to make substantive recommendations to the General Assembly on the elements of a draft text of an ILBI. The PrepCom has identified the tension between the principle of the common heritage of mankind and high seas freedoms embodied in UNCLOS as one of the issues which must be addressed in such an international agreement. Some participants in the process have proposed a sui generis regime as a way of resolving any apparent clash of these international legal principles, particularly as it relates to marine genetic resources and their access and benefit sharing. This article argues that environmental stewardship may provide the framework for such a sui generis regime. For it to do so, however, it must be grounded in international legal principles and act as a balance between competing values, perspectives and interests in the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. If appropriately redefined in this way, environmental stewardship can deliver a governance framework which addresses some of the central issues with which the PrepCom will have to deal. These include the practical problems of access and benefit sharing of the marine genetic resources of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and reconciling the conflicting pressure for international decision-making for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity on the one hand, and the maintenance of existing regional and sectoral frameworks on the other. Environmental stewardship, redefined, can provide an intellectual framework for an ILBI under UNCLOS on marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction.
Implementation of acute care patient portals: recommendations on utility and use from six early adopters
Authors: Grossman Lisa V , Choi Sung W , Collins Sarah , Dykes Patricia C , O’Leary Kevin J , Rizer Milisa , Strong Philip , Yen Po-Yin , Vawdrey David K 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo provide recommendations on how to most effectively implement advanced features of acute care patient portals, including: (1) patient-provider communication, (2) care plan information, (3) clinical data viewing, (4) patient education, (5) patient safety, (6) caregiver access, and (7) hospital amenities.RecommendationsWe summarize the experiences of 6 organizations that have implemented acute care portals, representing a variety of settings and technologies. We discuss the considerations for and challenges of incorporating various features into an acute care patient portal, and extract the lessons learned from each institution’s experience. We recommend that stakeholders in acute care patient portals should: (1) consider the benefits and challenges of generic and structured electronic care team messaging; (2) examine strategies to provide rich care plan information, such as daily schedule, problem list, care goals, discharge criteria, and post-hospitalization care plan; (3) offer increasingly comprehensive access to clinical data and medical record information; (4) develop alternative strategies for patient education that go beyond infobuttons; (5) focus on improving patient safety through explicit safety-oriented features; (6) consider strategies to engage patient caregivers through portals while remaining cognizant of potential Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) violations; (7) consider offering amenities to patients through acute care portals, such as information about navigating the hospital or electronic food ordering.
Location of glomerular immune deposits, not codeposition of immunoglobulin G, influences definitive renal outcomes in immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: Alvarado Anthony S , Andeen Nicole K , Brodsky Sergey , Hinton Alice , Nadasdy Tibor , Alpers Charles E , Blosser Christopher , Najafian Behzad , Rovin Brad H 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
It has been suggested that the prognosis of immunoglobulin (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) is adversely affected if there is codeposition of IgG in the glomeruli or if immune deposits are present in the glomerular capillary walls. We sought to understand how these variables affect clinical outcome.

Methods
A total of 80 IgAN biopsies were retrospectively divided into groups: (i) IgA without IgG deposition versus IgA + IgG and (ii) immune deposits restricted to the mesangium versus mesangium and peripheral capillary walls (PCWs). The association of these groups with the composite primary outcome of renal replacement therapy, renal transplant, death or doubling of serum creatinine (SCr) concentration was determined. The change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was also assessed. Covariates examined were age, sex, race, SCr and proteinuria level at biopsy and at follow-up, duration of follow-up, treatment, Oxford score and presence of crescents.

Results
IgG codeposition showed a trend toward endocapillary hypercellularity (P = 0.082); there were no other baseline differences between the IgA (n = 55) and IgA + IgG (n = 25) groups. At a median follow-up time of 29 months, the combined primary outcome was reached in 24 patients, 16 with IgA and 8 with IgA + IgG (P = 0.82). Patients with immune deposits in the PCWs (n = 21) presented with higher baseline proteinuria than those with deposits limited to the mesangium (n = 59; P = 0.025), were more likely to have crescents/segmental glomerular necrosis on biopsy (P = 0.047) and were more likely to reach the combined primary outcome (P = 0.026). Biopsies with crescents/segmental glomerular necrosis were associated with endocapillary hypercellularity (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
In this multicenter IgAN cohort, IgG co-deposition and the location of glomerular immune deposits in the PCWs were both associated with greater histologic activity on renal biopsy, but only the location of glomerular immune deposits in the PCWs was associated with a significantly increased risk for end-stage renal disease, transplant, death and/or doubling of SCr.
Diagnostic Outcomes After Chest Radiograph Interpretation in Patients With Suspected Tuberculosis and Negative Sputum Smears in a High-Burden Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis Setting
Authors: Cudahy Patrick G. T. , Dawson Rodney , Allwood Brian W. , Maartens Gary , Wilson Douglas 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
Evaluation of patients with suspected tuberculosis and negative sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) is challenging, especially in high human immunodeficiency virus coinfection settings where sputum smears have lower sensitivity for detecting AFB.

Methods
We examined the utility of chest radiographs for detecting smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Three hundred sixty sputum smear–negative patients who were referred from primary care clinics in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa were evaluated. Chest radiographs were read by experienced pulmonologists using a previously validated Chest X-Ray Reading and Recording System (CRRS).

Results
Agreement between observers using CRRS was high at 91% with a Cohen’s kappa of 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.52–0.76). Against a reference standard of sputum culture, sensitivity was 93% (95% CI = 86%–97%), whereas specificity was 14% (95% CI = 10%–19%). Performance against clinical diagnosis (following World Health Organization guidelines) was similar with sensitivity of 92% (95% CI = 88%–95%) and specificity of 20% (95% CI = 13%–28%).

Conclusion
The low specificity of CRRS in this setting indicates poor diagnostic utility for detecting pulmonary tuberculosis.
Development and Assessment of a Physician-Specific Antimicrobial Usage and Spectrum Feedback Tool
Authors: McIntyre Mark T , Naik Lopa , Bell Chaim M , Morris Andrew M 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Individualized data are required but difficult to obtain for effective antimicrobial stewardship audit and feedback. We developed a summative tool to evaluate consumption (days of therapy per 100 patient-days) and spectrum of antimicrobials that was also acceptable to individual clinicians.
Pleural Effusion Caused by Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Immunotherapy for Bladder Cancer
Authors: Rachakonda Tara , Kendall Brian , Spivak Adam M , Boltax Jonathan 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Intravesical bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) instillation has been used as immunotherapy for early stage bladder cancer for &gt;40 years. Complications from this therapy are rare but may result in a spectrum of infectious sequelae. Here we describe the case of an elderly man who presented with a pleural effusion and subcutaneous nodule several years after treatment with BCG.
Isolated Fourth Ventricle: To Shunt or Stent
Authors: Mohanty Aaron , Manwaring Kim 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Of the various management options for isolated fourth ventricle (IFV), fourth ventriculoperitoneal shunts (FVPS) and aqueductal stents (AST) have been the most favored. Though effective, FVPS are often difficult to place and have higher complication rates than conventional ventricular shunts.

OBJECTIVE
To assess the efficacy of AST in IFV and compare the outcome with FVPS.

METHODS
Twenty-five patients surgically treated for IFV were analyzed. In all, a preoperative magnetic resonance imaging assessed the extent of aqueductal obstruction. Patients with an identified short-segment aqueductal stenosis were considered for AST placement; those with long-segment aqueductal obstruction underwent FVPS.

RESULTS
Of the 25, 12 were symptomatic, while 13 were asymptomatic (progressive dilation of IFV in 9, persistent dilation with distortion of the brain stem in 4). In 3 with normal ventricles, the ventricles had to be dilated by externalizing the shunt before placing the stent. Nineteen underwent AST placement, whereas in 6 FVPS was performed. Sixteen patients underwent a simultaneous cerebrospinal fluid diversion procedure and fourth ventricular decompression. At follow-up (mean: 45 mo), stent migration was observed in 2 patients. In the FVPS group, 1 had 2 shunt revisions while another developed reversible cranial nerve paresis. Though a reduction of the IFV was observed with both procedures, the extent of reduction was more with FVPS.

CONCLUSION
Both FVPS and AST are effective in managing IFV. The extent of aqueductal obstruction and degree of ventriculomegaly are often the deciding factors in choosing the management option.
Self-administered Lidocaine Gel for Intrauterine Device Insertion in Nulliparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rapkin Rachel B. , Achilles Sharon L. , Schwarz E. Bimla , Meyn Leslie , Cremer Miriam , Boraas Christy M. , Chen Beatrice A. 
Published: June 2017

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2016;128:621–628)
Both the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend intrauterine device (IUD) use for nulliparous women and adolescents. Despite these recommendations, only 5.9% of nulliparous women have reported current use of an IUD compared with 16.8% of women with 1 to 2 live births.
Sexual Activity and Function in the Year After an Acute Myocardial Infarction Among Younger Women and Men in the United States and Spain
Authors: Lindau Stacy Tessler , Abramsohn Emily , Bueno Hector , D’Onofrio Gail , Lichtman Judith H. , Lorenze Nancy P. , Sanghani Rupa Mehta , Spatz Erica S. , Spertus John A. , Strait Kelly M. , Wroblewski Kristen , Zhou Shengfan , Krumholz Harlan M. 
Published: June 2017

(Abstracted from JAMA Cardiol 2016;1:754–764)
Acute myocardial infarctions (AMIs) occur among younger people aged 18 to 55 years. One-third of these occur in women.
Evidence That the Endometrial Microbiota Has an Effect on Implantation Success or Failure
Authors: Moreno Inmaculada , Codoñer Francisco M. , Vilella Felipe , Valbuena Diana , Martinez-Blanch Juan F. , Jimenez-Almazán Jorge , Alonso Roberto , Alamá Pilar , Remohí Jose , Pellicer Antonio , Ramon Daniel , Simon Carlos 
Published: June 2017

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016;215(6):684–703)
In 2002, the vaginal microbiota was first identified using molecular methods that allowed detection of nonculturable bacteria. Alterations in vaginal microbiota could have clinical implications for reproductive and obstetric processes.
The Efficacy of Ultrasound-guided Type II Pectoral Nerve Blocks in Perioperative Pain Management for Immediate Reconstruction After Modified Radical Mastectomy
Authors: Wang Kaiyuan , Zhang Xiaobei , Zhang Tingting , Yue Hui , Sun Shan , Zhao Hongwei , Zhou Peng 
Published: June 2017

Objectives:
The pectoral nerves (Pecs) II block is a technique that places local anesthetic between the thoracic muscles to block the axillary and breast regions. This study aimed to compare the quality of perioperative analgesia and side effects of the Pecs II block under general anesthesia versus general anesthesia alone in immediate unilateral breast reconstruction with an implant and latissimus dorsi flap after modified radical mastectomy.

Materials and Methods:
Sixty-four patients scheduled for immediate breast reconstruction after modified radical mastectomy were randomly allocated into the Pecs II block under general anesthesia group (group P, n=32) or the general anesthesia alone group (group G, n=32). After anesthesia induction, patients in group P underwent a Pecs II block. The primary endpoint was postoperative morphine consumption in the first 24 hours in postoperative intensive care unit. Intraoperative fentanyl consumption, visual analog scale scores, shoulder range of motion, and postoperative nausea and vomiting were also assessed.

Results:
Sixty patients completed the study. There was a significant reduction in postoperative morphine consumption (3.67 mg; 95% confidence interval, 2.91-4.51 mg) and intraoperative fentanyl consumption in group P patients compared with group G patients. Less postoperative nausea and vomiting (relative risk 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.94) and lower visual analog scale scores were also observed in group P. No block-related complications were recorded.

Discussion:
When patients underwent immediate breast reconstruction with an implant and latissimus dorsi flap, the Pecs II block offers a comprehensive block of associated nerves in the surgical area, and therefore can provide superior analgesia and reduced perioperative opioids use without obvious block-related complications.
The Experience of Pain Dismissal in Adolescence
Authors: Defenderfer Ellen K. , Bauer Kate , Igler Eva , Uihlein Julia A. , Davies W. Hobart 
Published: June 2017

Context:
Pain in adolescence has psychosocial effects lasting into adulthood, including increased likelihood of pain in adulthood and higher rates of depression and anxiety. Many adolescents with chronic pain describe skepticism of pain reports, but this has not yet been evaluated in a sample of typically developing adolescents.

Objective:
The current study sought to describe the experience of perceived pain dismissal during adolescence in a community sample.

Method:
Nearly 2000 (1931) emerging adults were recruited from the community and answered open-ended questions regarding whether they had experienced dismissal of their pain in adolescence, who dismissed their pain, characteristics of the dismisser, and what that experience was like. Qualitative responses were coded using a Delphi method.

Results:
One in 10 young adults reported an experience of pain dismissal during adolescence. Young adults reported that dismissals by parents and physicians were the most distressing. Often, this experience was associated with a lasting sense of hostility toward the person who dismissed their pain, as well as anger, self-directed negativity, damage to the relationship, and feelings of isolation.

Conclusions:
One in 10 young adults reported at least one instance of dismissed pain and half of these instances involved a parent or medical provider. Results suggest a lasting negative impact of perceived dismissal. Pain in adolescence is a complicated experience and the current study indicates that parents and physicians need further guidance on how best to respond to reports of pain.