bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The German ROP Registry: data from 90 infants treated for retinopathy of prematurity
Authors: Walz Johanna M. , Bemme Sebastian , Pielen Amelie , Aisenbrey Sabine , Breuß Helge , Alex Anne F. , Wagenfeld Lars , Schiedel Susanne , Krohne Tim U. , Stahl Andreas ,   the Retina.net ROP Registry
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeThe German retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) Registry collects data on treated ROP in a multicentre approach to analyse epidemiology and treatment patterns of severe ROP.MethodsNine centres entered data from 90 treated ROP infants (born between January 2011 and December 2013) into a central database. Analysis included incidence rate of severe ROP, demographic data, stage of ROP, treatment patterns, recurrence rates, relevant comorbidities and ophthalmological or systemic complications associated with treatment.ResultsTreatment rate for ROP was 3.2% of the screened population. The most frequent ROP stage at time of treatment was zone II, stage 3 + (137 eyes). Treatment was bilateral in 97% of infants. Treatment patterns changed over time from 7% anti‐vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) monotherapy in 2011 to 32% in 2014. Overall, laser treatment was the predominant treatment. However, all infants with zone I disease received anti‐VEGF treatment. About 19% of infants required retreatment (16% of laser‐treated and 21% of anti‐VEGF treated infants). Mean time between first and second treatment was 3.8 weeks (± 11 days) for laser‐treated and 10.4 weeks (± 60 days) for anti‐VEGF‐treated infants.ConclusionThis study is the first multicentre analysis of severe ROP in Germany. The identified treatment patterns find laser as the most prevalent form of therapy, with an increasing use of anti‐VEGF therapy over recent years. Recurrence rates were relatively high overall with slightly higher recurrence rates and later recurrence times in the anti‐VEGF group. Anti‐VEGF was predominantly used for high‐risk stages like AP‐ROP and zone I disease.
Evaluating renal function and age as predictors of amikacin clearance in neonates: model‐based analysis and optimal dosing strategies
Authors: Illamola Sílvia M. , Colom Helena , van Hasselt J. G. Coen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsWe aimed to compare the performance of renal function and age as predictors of inter‐individual variability (IIV) in clearance of amikacin in neonates through parallel development of population pharmacokinetic (PK) models and their associated impact on optimal dosing regimens.MethodsAmikacin concentrations were retrospectively collected for 149 neonates receiving amikacin (post‐natal age (PNA) between 4–89 days). Two population PK models were developed in parallel, considering at least as predictors current body weight (WT), in combination with either creatinine clearance (CLcr) or age descriptors. Using stochastic simulations for both renal function or age‐based dosing, we identified optimal dosing strategies that were based on attainment of optimal peak‐ (PCC) and trough target concentration coverage (TCC) windows associated with efficacy and toxicity.ResultsThe CLcr and age‐based population PK models both included current body weight (WT) on CL, central distribution volume and intercompartmental clearance, in combination with either CLcr or PNA as predictors for IIV of clearance (CL). The WT‐CLcr model explained 6.9% more IIV in CL compared with the WT‐PNA model. Both models successfully described an external dataset (n = 53) of amikacin PK. The simulation analysis of optimal dose regimens suggested similar performance of either CLcr or PNA based dosing.ConclusionCLcr predicted more IIV in CL, but did not translate into clinically relevant improvements of target concentrations. Our optimized dose regimens can be considered for further evaluation to optimize initial treatment with amikacin.
Children's science learning: A core skills approach
Authors: Tolmie Andrew K. , Ghazali Zayba , Morris Suzanne 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundResearch has identified the core skills that predict success during primary school in reading and arithmetic, and this knowledge increasingly informs teaching. However, there has been no comparable work that pinpoints the core skills that underlie success in science.Aims and methodThe present paper attempts to redress this by examining candidate skills and considering what is known about the way in which they emerge, how they relate to each other and to other abilities, how they change with age, and how their growth may vary between topic areas.ResultsThere is growing evidence that early‐emerging tacit awareness of causal associations is initially separated from language‐based causal knowledge, which is acquired in part from everyday conversation and shows inaccuracies not evident in tacit knowledge. Mapping of descriptive and explanatory language onto causal awareness appears therefore to be a key development, which promotes unified conceptual and procedural understanding.ConclusionsThis account suggests that the core components of initial science learning are (1) accurate observation, (2) the ability to extract and reason explicitly about causal connections, and (3) knowledge of mechanisms that explain these connections. Observational ability is educationally inaccessible until integrated with verbal description and explanation, for instance, via collaborative group work tasks that require explicit reasoning with respect to joint observations. Descriptive ability and explanatory ability are further promoted by managed exposure to scientific vocabulary and use of scientific language. Scientific reasoning and hypothesis testing are later acquisitions that depend on this integration of systems and improved executive control.
Caregiver talk to young Spanish‐English bilinguals: comparing direct observation and parent‐report measures of dual‐language exposure
Authors: Marchman Virginia A. , Martínez Lucía Z. , Hurtado Nereyda , Grüter Theres , Fernald Anne 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn research on language development by bilingual children, the early language environment is commonly characterized in terms of the relative amount of exposure a child gets to each language based on parent report. Little is known about how absolute measures of child‐directed speech in two languages relate to language growth. In this study of 3‐year‐old Spanish‐English bilinguals (n = 18), traditional parent‐report estimates of exposure were compared to measures of the number of Spanish and English words children heard during naturalistic audio recordings. While the two estimates were moderately correlated, observed numbers of child‐directed words were more consistently predictive of children's processing speed and standardized test performance, even when controlling for reported proportion of exposure. These findings highlight the importance of caregiver engagement in bilingual children's language outcomes in both of the languages they are learning.
Thromboembolism in adults with primary immune thrombocytopenia: a systematic literature review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Doobaree Indraraj Umesh , Nandigam Raghava , Bennett Dimitri , Newland Adrian , Provan Drew 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAdults with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) may be susceptible to thromboembolism (TE). The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate studies that reported the prevalence and risk of developing TE in the ITP population from ITP diagnosis and splenectomy. We searched several bibliographic databases and included 29 studies. Using meta‐analytical techniques, the pooled prevalence of TE before ITP diagnosis was 7.84% (arterial 6.25%; venous 1.95%). The pooled ‘annualised’ cumulative incidence (without prior TE) and cumulative risk (irrespective of prior TE) were 1.29%/yr and 3.00%/yr, respectively. Splenectomised patients had pooled cumulative risk of arterial TE (ATE) and venous TE (VTE) of 0.19%/yr and 1.10%/yr, respectively. In cohorts, regardless of a history of TE, the pooled relative risk (RR) of any TE was 1.60 (1.34, 1.86) for ITP vs. ITP‐free individuals [arterial: 1.52 (1.25, 1.80); venous: 1.70 (0.96, 2.43)]. Splenectomised patients were at higher risk of venous events, pooled RR 2.39 (1.61, 3.17). To conclude, we found an increased risk of TE (mainly ATE) among ITP individuals and a higher risk of VTEs after splenectomy. How intrinsic (ITP pathophysiology, age, gender) and extrinsic factors (treatment) contribute to this risk could not be investigated here but is a task for future studies.
Strategic Escape Direction: Orientation, Turning, and Escape Trajectories of Zebra‐Tailed Lizards (Callisaurus draconoides)
Authors: Cooper William E. , Sherbrooke Wade C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA prey's body orientation relative to a predator's approach path may affect risk of fleeing straight ahead. Consequently, prey often turn before fleeing. Relationships among orientation, turn, and escape angles and between these angles and predation risk have not been studied in terrestrial vertebrates and have rarely been studied in the field. Escape angles are expected to lead away from predators and be highly variable to avoid being predictable by predators. Using approach speed as a risk factor, we studied these issues in the zebra‐tailed lizard,Callisaurus draconoides. Lizards fled away from human simulated predators, but most did not flee straight away. Escape angles were variable, as expected under the unpredictability hypothesis, and had modes at nearly straight away (i.e., 0°) and nearly perpendicular to the predator's approach path (90°). The straight away mode suggests maximal distancing from the predator; the other mode suggests maintaining ability to monitor the predator or possibly an influence of habitat features such as obstacles and refuges that differ among directions. Turn angles were larger when orientation was more toward the predator, and escape angles were closer to straight away when turn angles were larger. Turning serves to reach a favorable fleeing direction. When orientation angle was more toward the predator, escape angle was unaffected, suggesting that turn angle compensates completely for increased risk of orientation toward the predator. When approached more rapidly, lizards fled more nearly straight away, as expected under greater predation risk. Turn angles were unrelated to approach speed.
‘Not on the radar’: dentists' perspectives on the oral health care of dependent older people
Authors: Smith Moira B. , Thomson William Murray 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesWe explored the following research questions: (i) what challenges do dentists face when providing oral health care to dependent older adults; and (ii) to overcome those challenges, what recommendations would dentists providing care give those planning and implementing oral health policy and services for dependent older adults?BackgroundThe dentate older population is steadily increasing, and about half will end up in residential care, where dental caries rates over time are at least twice as great as those observed elsewhere.Materials and methodsA qualitative study was used, with semi‐structured interviews conducted by a single interviewer. Dental examiners in a recent national survey of oral health in dependent older people in New Zealand were interviewed about their experiences and perspectives of that.ResultsThe challenges participants identified stemmed from three areas – the patient, the care facility and the oral health sector. To address those challenges, the participants recommended actions at the patient, system and sector levels. Each of the challenges and recommendations had a number of subthemes. Overall, the dentists felt that it is a very complex situation urgently requiring policy development, cross‐sectoral collaboration and upskilling of the dental profession, carers, the private sector and the State to ensure a care environment which supports achieving and maintaining oral health among frail elders.ConclusionsUrgent attention to frail older New Zealanders’ oral health is needed. Such attention needs to focus on not only the narrow dental clinical preventive and therapeutic implications of those needs, but also on the broader health system and policy development challenges.
Influence of increased patient age on longitudinal outcomes of root canal treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Shakiba Bita , Hamedy Reza , Pak Jaclyn G. , Barbizam Joao V. , Ogawa Rikke , White Shane N. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review of longitudinal endodontic outcomes in elders.BackgroundNegative opinions about the prognosis of non‐surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) in elders affect decisions made by patients and dentists. Patient, caregiver and dentist attitudes and behaviours may interact to decrease the provision of NSRCT. Critical examination of the available evidence through systematic review could provide objective data to assist patients, caregivers, healthcare providers and third‐party payers in making decisions about the efficacy of NSRCT in elders and provide a robust foundation for the health promotion of NSRCT in elders.MethodsInclusion/exclusion criteria were used for defined searches in MEDLINE and Cochrane CENTRAL. Title lists were scanned, and abstracts read to determine utility; articles meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria were analysed. Data were extracted and compiled into a table of evidence.ResultsDefined searching produced 3605 titles; 24 articles were included, nine prospective and 15 retrospective. Overall study quality was good. Patient samples mostly represented modern populations from countries with very high human development indices. Over 17 430 teeth were included. Meta‐analysis was not attempted due to heterogeneity in reporting. All 24 included papers demonstrated that increased patient age did not decrease the success or survival rates of NSRCT.ConclusionsThis systematic review of longitudinal NSRCT outcomes demonstrated that increased patient age did not decrease the success of NSRCT. Patient age is not a prognostic factor for NSRCT. Age should not be considered by dentists or patients when making NSRCT decisions.
Survival and recovery of tall fescue genotypes: association with root characteristics and drought tolerance
Authors: Pirnajmedin F. , Majidi M. M. , Gheysari M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIdentification and selection of plant genotypes with survival, recovery and sustainable performance during drought periods is one of the main objectives of plant improvement for arid and semi‐arid regions. This study aimed to evaluate root traits and recovery of tall fescue genotypes after a period of drought stress. A total of twenty four tall fescue genotypes were selected from a wide polycross population and assessed for field drought tolerance based on stress tolerance index (STI) and recovery during 2010–2013. The genotypes were classified as tolerant, moderately tolerant and susceptible based on STI. Then, in 2014, genotypes were assessed in a pot experiment for root characteristics under two levels of moisture environments (control and intense drought stress). In both moisture environments, root length (RL), root area (RA), root volume (RV) and root weight (RW) were negatively correlated with days to recovery (DR). Genotypes that recovered from drought had greater RL, RA, RV and RW than the genotypes unable to recover. Principle component analysis (PCA) was performed to identify genotypes with superior root characteristics, stress tolerance and recovery potential that can be used for future breeding programmes. Results indicated that selection based on combining STI, recovery and extensive root system might improve drought tolerance of tall fescue.
Evolutionary Geography of a Mature Resource Sector: Shakeouts and Shakeins in British Columbia's Forest Industries 1980 to 2008
Authors: Hayter Roger , Edenhoffer Klaus 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study examines the evolutionary geography of British Columbia's forest industries during a period marked by volatility and decline. Conceptually, the study draws upon the industrial life cycle model, identifying the distinctive characteristics of resource industries during the transition to maturity and beyond. Empirically, the study focuses on industry population dynamics and employment change at a meso‐scale, to reveal changing organizational, industrial, and geographical structures of BC's forest industries during the study period. There are high levels of plant exits and in some sub‐industries also of entry, a decline in large integrated firms, and important shifts in core‐periphery characteristics.
Impaired Mood in Headache Clinic Patients: Associations With the Perceived Hindrance and Attainability of Personal Goals
Authors: Ciere Yvette , Visser Annemieke , Lebbink John , Sanderman Robbert , Fleer Joke 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundHeadache disorders are often accompanied by impaired mood, especially in the headache clinic population. There is a large body of literature demonstrating that an illness or disability may affect the way in which patients perceive their personal goals and that the perception that the attainability of goals is hindered by the illness is a risk factor for impaired mood. However, empirical evidence regarding the extent to which goals are hindered or less attainable as a result of a headache disorder, and how that is related to mood, is currently lacking.ObjectiveThe aim of this cross‐sectional study was to examine associations between headache severity, goal hindrance and attainability, and mood in a headache clinic population.MethodsThe sample consisted of 65 adult patients seeking treatment at a tertiary headache clinic. Prior to their first appointment in the clinic, patients completed self‐report measures of headache severity, goals and mood (PANAS).ResultsHigher self‐reported headache intensity was associated with higher goal hindrance (r = .38, P = .004), whereas greater headache frequency was associated with lower goal attainability (r = .30, P = .022). Higher perceived goal hindrance was associated with lower positive mood (r = −.27, P = .032) and higher negative mood (r = .28, P = .027). Furthermore, lower perceived goal attainability was associated with higher negative mood (r = −.34, P = .007). Goal perceptions explained an additional 11.4% of the variance in positive mood (F = 3.250, P = .047 <.05) and 10.5% of the variance in negative mood (F = 3.459, P = .039) beyond the effect of age and headache severity.ConclusionThe results of this preliminary study suggest that perceptions of increased goal hindrance and decreased goal attainability may indeed be a risk factor for impaired mood in the headache clinic population and highlight the need for further, longitudinal research. Obtaining more insight into goal processes (eg, what types of goals are specifically disturbed, which goal adjustment strategies are (mal)adaptive) may help to identify ways to improve outcomes in the headache clinic population.
Influence of konjac flour on foaming properties of milk protein concentrate and quality characteristics of gluten‐free cookie
Authors: Akesowan Adisak 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe effects of konjac flour (KF) for modifying the foaming properties of milk protein concentrate (MPC) and characteristics of gluten‐free rice cookies were investigated. The three variables of konjac concentration (0.1–0.4%),pH(pH5–9) and NaCl concentration (0.2–0.6 м) were studied. BothKFandpHhad considerable effects on the foaming capacity (FC) and foaming stability (FS) ofMPC. The NaCl had a negligible effect. LoweredFCandFSobserved atpH9 andpH5 were increased with the increase inKFaddition. Batter characteristics (flowability and consistency), cookie quality (moisture, yield, spread ratio, specific volume, hardness and colour) and sensory acceptance were evaluated in gluten‐free cookies with 0%, 0.25% and 0.4%KF. Konjac supplementation increased batter characteristics, yield, specific volume and hardness, but decreased lightness. Panellist acceptance, especially regarding texture and overall acceptability, increased in gluten‐free cookies with 0.4%KF. A higher purchasing decision was found for cookies with added KF.
Evaluation of the peptide profile with a view to authenticating buffalo mozzarella cheese
Authors: Gonçalves Ben‐Hur Ramos Ferreira , Silva Grazielly de Jesus , Pontes Silvania Farias Oliveira , Fontan Rafael da Costa Ilhéu , Egito Antonio Silvio do , Ferrão Sibelli Passini Barbosa 
Published: May 2016

SummaryElectrophoretic and chromatographic techniques were used to determine water‐soluble peptide profiles aiming to identify the adulteration of buffalo milk mozzarella cheese by the addition of cow's milk. Thus, cheeses were produced with contents of cow's milk varying from 0% to 100%, and the peptides extracted after production and after 20 days of refrigeration. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS‐PAGE) identified a potential peptide marker of exclusively bovine origin with a size of about 21 kDa for the addition of cow's milk above 30%. Reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) indicated the existence of two potential peptides present in higher concentrations in buffalo milk and one exclusive for cow's milk, the latter making it possible to estimate the addition of cow's milk to buffalo milk. Six commercial brands of buffalo mozzarella cheese were evaluated, and indications of adulteration found in four of them.
Risk perception in pregnancy: a concept analysis
Authors: Lennon Suzanne Lydia 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo report an analysis of the concept of risk perception in pregnancy.BackgroundPregnant women are increasingly exposed to the view that pregnancy and childbirth are intrinsically dangerous, requiring medical monitoring and management. Societal pressures are applied to women that dictate appropriate behaviours during pregnancy. These changes have resulted in increased perception of risk for pregnant women.DesignWalker and Avant's method was selected to guide this analysis.Data sourcesPeer‐reviewed articles published in English fromCINAHL, Scopus, PubMed and Psychinfo. No date limits were applied.MethodsThematic analysis was conducted on 79 articles. Attributes, antecedents and consequences of the concept were identified.ResultsThe attributes of the concept are the possibility of harm to mother or infant and beliefs about the severity of the risk state. The physical condition of pregnancy combined with the cognitive ability to perceive a personal risk state is antecedents. Risk perception in pregnancy influences women's affective state and has an impact on decision‐making about pregnancy and childbirth. There are limited empirical referents with which to measure the concept.ConclusionWomen today know more about their developing infant than at any other time in history; however, this has not led to a sense of reassurance. Nurses and midwives have a critical role in assisting pregnant women, and their families make sense of the information they are exposed to. An understanding of the complexities of the concept of risk perception in pregnancy may assist in enabling nurses and midwives to reaffirm the normalcy of pregnancy.