bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of GYPSY Moth on Potted Spruce Trees, 1996
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
30-inch tall Norway spruce grown in 1 gal containers were used foi this test. Each treatment was replicated 4 times with each plant being a separate replication. The Astro, Sevin, Dimilin, Decathlon and Dursban Pro treat ments were applied on 3 Jun using an R & D C02 powered backback sprayer. The plants were sprayed to drip (500 mis/tree) with a single 8008 flat far nozzle at 50 lb psi. On 21 Jun, additional plants were treated with Sevin, Decathlon, Dimilin and Dursban Pro. The plants were hand watered 3 times ; week and were kept in a nursery holding area on the Michigan State University campus. The area was kept weed free by putting back plastic on the groum before placing the plants. The plants were held upright by driving a 24 inch long piece of concrete reinforcing rod through the pot and into the ground. Or 25 Jun, each plant was individually caged with a 30 inch long Fiber-air plant sleeve from Kleen Test Products in Brown Deer WI, 53223. Five 4th instaj gypsy moth larvae that had been raised on artificial diet from the culture maintained by the USDA/FS at Otis Air Nat'l Guard base were placed in eacl cage before the top was tied off. Evaluations involved counting the larvae in each cage on 28 Jun, 1 Jul, 3 Jul and 8 Jul by opening the sleeve to examine the larvae and retying the cloth cage.
Fletcher Scale on Taxus, 1996
Authors: Smitley D. R. , Davis T. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The plots were located in a commercial Taxus Field at Zelenka’s Evergreen Nursery in Robinson Twp., Ottawa Co., MI. Each treatment was replicated 6 times with each replicate consisting of a single 27 inch wide X 28 inch high Taxus shrub. The field had been set aside for Taxol production and had not been sprayed for 3 years. The shrubs were larger than what would have been grown in the spacing in which they were originally planted. The field was not irrigated and had sandy soil with a high organic content. All treatments were applied on 11 Jul using a single nozzle, hand held R&D CO2 sprayer through an 8003 flat fan nozzle at 50 psi. Sprays were applied at a rate of 100 or 200 gal of finished spray per acre (200 was considered standard and 100 was considered concentrated). This was applied to the single plant reps assuming 11,000 shrubs per acre. Precounts were made on 11 Jul and postcounts were made on 1 Aug and 19 Aug by clipping three 8-inch-long twigs from each replicate (one from the top, and one from each side). The twigs were placed in sealed plastic bags and transported back to the lab for examination and counting of scales under a dissecting scope.
Acaricide/Insecticide Evaluation, 1996
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a 2.1 acre block of 11-yr-old trees on M 7A rootstock. The trees measured 11.5 ft. in height and 10 ft. in width and were planted at a spacing of 12 x 18 ft. The experimental design consisted of 4 replications of 9 to 12-tree plots (3 rows x 3 or 4 trees/rows) in a randomized block design. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the trees with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gpa. Dates (stages) of application were 18 Apr (tight cluster) for Apollo and Damoil, 22 Apr (pink) for Savey, and 13 May (1 week after petal fall) for remaining treatments. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were COCS, Dithane, Guthion, Lorsban, Nova, Penncap-M, Penncozeb, Rubigan, Topsin-M, and Ziram. Treatments were evaluated by taking arthropod pest counts from the periphery of the center tree in each plot periodically during the season. Control of ERM was evaluated by sampling 25 leaves/tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. WALH control was determined by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves/tree. Treatment effect against STLM was determined by counting tissue-feeding mines observed during a 5 minute period/tree.
Laboratory Bioassays of Insecticides Against the Cabbage Looper
Authors: Chalfant Richard B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage looper larvae were tested for response to serial doses of formulated insecticides. Collard leaf discs (5-cm diam) were dipped briefly in the formulations containing 0.25% Valent X-77 surfactant, air dried horizontally and then 2 discs were placed on paper toweling in round plastic dishes (14 cm diam, 1 cm ht). Ten 30-50 mg larvae were introduced in each dish which was then covered with a perforated lid. Larval mortality was recorded at a 4 DAT for microbial insecticides and 2 DAT for other insecticides. Five replications of six serial doses on a total of 300 larvae were used for each product tested. Larvae were obtained from a culture derived from pupae collected each May and June from the check plots in the experimental fields of this study.
Laboratory Evaluation of Tarnished Plant Bug Tolerance to Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Elzen G. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Formulated insecticides were evaluated for toxicity in the laboratory to TPB collected from wild host plants surrounding cotton near Stoneville, MS. Populations were collected on 2 May, 15 Jun, 27 Jul, and 12 Sep, and placed in a cage in the laboratory for 24 h. Treatments were applied for each population immediately after the 24 h holding period. Bioassays were conducted by applying insecticides to cotton terminals (‘DES 119’) held in floral piks in water using a laboratory spray chamber. The spray chamber was calibrated to deliver 6 gal/acre at 2 mph with 30 psi through one TX6 nozzle. Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates of 10 terminals/replicate. The checks were treated with water only. Two adult TPB were placed on each terminal 30 min after spraying and held in ventilated cups (10 oz) at 85°F and 55-60% RH. Mortality was determined at 48 h after placement in the cups. TPB not moving when prodded were considered dead. Mortality in water checks was never greater than 10%; data were corrected for check mortality using Abbott’s formula. Data were arcsin transformed for analysis; actual percent mortalities are shown.
Efficacy of Beauveria Bassiana Fungus for Boxelder Bug Adult Control, 1996
Authors: Reinert James A. , Maranz Steven J. , Knauf T. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Boxelder bug is an annual house-hold nuisance pest which leaves its host plant in late fall to seek overwintering sites in and around buildings. It is a pest from coast to coast in the United States and southern Canada. Adults for the study were collected from a heavy seeding big-toothed maple in the landscape at Texas A&M Univ. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Dallas, TX. A maple leaf and 3 seeds as food were dipped in the appropriate dilutions of BioCide-TRFTm (Mycotrol GH-ES) Beauveria bassiana (2.0 X 1013 conidia/qt), and placed on two water saturated filter papers (for high humidity) in each feeding chamber in the lab. Five randomly selected adults were introduced into each 9 cm diam X 15 mm deep plastic feeding chambers labeled for respective treatments in a RCB design with 6 replica-tions. Silwet (0.04%) was added to each treatment as a wetting agent to ensure good coverage. The bugs exposed to different treatments were observed daily for mortality; all dead insects were held for several days to confirm the fungus activity indicated by an expression of mycelia from the joints of dead insects.
Evaluation of Transgenic Corn Against European Corn Borer, Southwest Minnesota, 1996
Authors: Ostlie K. R. , Luedeman J. , Frenchik M. , Mote C. , Porter P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to assess the performance of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic corn [crylA(b) gene] against a natural heavy ECB infestation in Lamberton, MN. Plots measuring 50 ft by 8 rows (30-inch row spacing) were established in Normania loam soil on 13 May at a rate of 33,000 seeds per acre. Plots were arranged in a RCB with four replications. First generation ECB injury measurements recorded in Jul to Aug included % shot-holing, leaf injury rating, and tunnel length and number. Measurements for second generation ECB recorded in Sept included cumulative tunnel length and number, number of fall larvae, and ear and shank damage. Yield data were corrected to 15.5 % moisture.
Evaluation of Transgenic Corn Against European Corn Borer, Central Minnesota, 1996
Authors: Ostlie K. R. , Luedeman J. , Frenchik M. , Mote C. , Rowe J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted to assess the performance of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic corn [crylA(b) gene] against a natural ECB infestation in Rosemount, MN. Plots measuring 50 ft by 8 rows (30 inch row spacing) were established in Dakota silty loam soil on 23 May at a rate of 26,100 seeds per acre. Plots were arranged in a RCB with four replications. First generation ECB measurements recorded Jul to Aug included % shot-holing, leaf injury ratings, and tunnel length and number. Measurements for second generation ECB recorded in Sept included cumulative tunnel length and number, fall larvae, and ear and shank damage. Yield data were corrected to 15.5% moisture.
Efficacy Of The Bollgard Gene In Transgenic Cotton Lines Against Bollworm And Tobacco Bud-Worm, 1993
Authors: Benedict J.H. , Ring D.R. , Correa J.C. , Buehler R.E. , Johnson E.M. , Kimball J.C. , Deaton W.R 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy Of The Bollgard Gene In Transgenic Cotton Lines Against Bollworm And Tobacco Bud-Worm, 1993 Transgenic cotton lines expressing an insecticidal protein produced by a modified crylA(c) gene from Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki (i.e.. Bollgard Gene, Monsanto Company) were planted 17 May near Corpus Christi, Texas. Field plots were 4 row (38 inch centers) X 30 ft. Treatments (i.e., cotton lines) were arranged in a split plot RCBD and each plot replicated 6 times. The main plot was lepidopteran control (i.e., unsprayed or sprayed with Karate (0.03 lb|AIJ/acre) and Curacron (1.0 lb[AI]/acre) to control tobacco budworm, bollworm and other lepidopteran pests) and subplots were 7 cotton lines. Plots for lepidopteran suppression were sprayed on 16, 22, 29 Jul, 5, and 13 Aug with Karate and Curacron using a backpack CO2 powered sprayer and a 2-row handheld spray boom. The entire test was planted with in-furrow insecticide and oversprayed as needed for in-season control of insect pests. such as thrips, aphids, boll weevil and cotton fleahopper. Efficacy of transgenic Bollgard cottons against target lepidopteran pests was determined by ex-amining 20 flower buds and 20 bolls per plot on 14, 21, 28 Jul, 4, and 12 Aug for bollworm-tobacco budworm feeding injury, and taking lint yields/plot. Supplemental soil moisture was provided by sprinkler irrigation during the season but not within 48-h following a lepidopteran control application. The plots were hand-harvested (40 ft from middle 2 rows) and seedcotton ginned on a laboratory 10-saw gin.
Efficacy Of The Bollgard Gene In Transgenic Cotton Lines Against Bollworm And Tobacco Bud-Worm, 1994
Authors: Benedict J.H. , Ring D.R. , Correa J.C. , Buehler R.E. , Johnson E.M. , Bradshaw L.D. , Deaton W.R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy Of The Bollgard Gene In Transgenic Cotton Lines Against Bollworm And Tobacco Bud-Worm, 1994 Transgenic cotton lines expressing an insecticidal protein produced by the cryIA(c) gene (i.e., Bollgard Gene), or cryllA gene (Monsanto Co.) from Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki and the nontransgenic parent line Coker 312, were planted 25 Apr near Corpus Christi, Texas. Field plots were 4 row (38 inch centers) X 30 ft. Treatments (i.e., cotton lines) were arranged in a split plot RCBD and each plot replicated 6 times. The main plot was lep-idopteran control (i.e., unsprayed or sprayed with Karate (0.03 lb[AI]/acre to suppress tobacco budworm, bollworm and other lepidopteran pests) and sub-plots were 8 cotton lines. Plots for lepidopteran suppression (with a conventional foliar insecticide) were sprayed on 29 Jun, 6, 14, and 20 Jul with Karate using a backpackCO2 powered sprayer and a 2-row handheld spray boom. The entire test was planted with in-furrow insecticide and oversprayed as needed in-season control of insect pests such as thrips, aphids, boll weevil and cotton fleahopper. Efficacy of transgenic cottons against target lepidopteran pests was determined by examining 20 flower buds and 20 bolls per plot on 28 Jun, 5, 12, and 19 Jul for bollworm-tobacco budworm feeding injury, and taking lint yields per plot. Supplemental soil moisture was provided by sprinkler irrigation during the season but not within 48-h following a lepidopteran con-trol application. The plots were hand-harvested (20 ft from middle 2 rows) and seedcotton ginned on a laboratory 10-saw gin.
Efficacy Of A Commercial Budworm-Resistant Variety In Reducing Budworm Damage, 1996
Authors: Southern P. Sterling , Micou M.Browne 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy Of A Commercial Budworm-Resistant Variety In Reducing Budworm Damage, 1996 Tests were established on private tobacco farms in four locations. In each test, two commercially available flue-cured tobacco varieties were planted in an RCBD with 6 or 8 (Greene Co.) replications. Plots were 4 rows wide, 0.031 (Greene Co.) or 0.042 acre in area and were separated laterally by vacant 5th rows and on the ends by alleys of 16 ft. After transplanting, each test was visited weekly until the tobacco had been topped. All plants (excluding the first and last) in rows 1 and 3 were checked for budworm infestation and recent budworm damage (these data not shown in table). Seven weeks after transplanting, the cu-mulative leaf area lost on each plant was estimated and totaled. Average leaf area lost (LEL) per plant was calculated. The number of plants with any obvious budworm feeding was determined and the LEL per damaged plant calculated. After harvest and curing, the tobacco was graded by a government grader and the grades converted to a quality index (1-100, 100 high). All data were subjected to ANOVA. Prior to analysis, the proportion of plants damaged was transformed to the arcsine of the square root of the proportion. Data in the table are shown untransformed and the proportion of plants damaged is expressed as a percentage.
Comparison Of 4 Varieties Of Spring Wheat For Resistance To Russian Wheat Aphid And Hessian Fly
Authors: Bragg D.E 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Four Varieties of spring wheat (Alpowa, Centennial, ID488, and Wakanz) were seeded in a RCBD of 4 15 X 354 ft replicates per variety at the USDA-ARS Western Regional Plant Materials Introduction Center at Central Ferry, WA, on 6 May. Varieties were evaluated at 65 DAE (Feeks scale 10.5) for heads/ 10 plants, tiller/10 plants, % HF infested tillers, % RWA infested tillers, and % DR parasitized RWA. Harvest data was collected 9 Aug by cutting a 15 ft strip per replicate and weighing the grain on weight pads. Yield data per acre were calculated for each replicate. Data were subjected to ANOVA/LSD at P = 0.05.
Insecticide Evaluation, 1996
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in 5 miniblocks, each 1/3 acre, of 18-yr-old trees on Halford rootstock. Trees were planted at a spacing of 20 X 20 ft and measured 11 ft. in height and 13.5 ft. in width. The experimental design consisted of a single mini-block (36 trees) of each of 5 treatments. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the trees with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gal/acre. Dates [stages] of application were 29 Apr [petal fall (PF)], 10 May [shuck split (SS)], 20 May [shuck fall (SF)], 3 Jun [first cover (1C)], 18 Jun [second cover (2C)], 3 Jul [third cover (3C)], 17 Jul [fourth cover (4C)], and 1 Aug [fifth cover: (5C)]. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Captan, Rovral, and Topsin-M.
Spanworm Control, 1996A
Authors: Collins J.A. , Drummond F. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Materials were applied on 22 May to 20 by 20 ft plots in a bearing blueberry field at Jonesboro, Maine. There were 4 replications of each treatment and a minimum 5-ft untreated buffer strip around each plot. Treatments were blocked according to prespray population levels. Insecticides were applied at a rate of 25 gpa using a CO2-propelled 40-inch boom sprayer with 4, flat spray, 800067 TeeJet nozzles operating at 35 psi (Test 1) or a CO2-propelled 80-inch boom sprayer with 4, flat spray, 80002VS TeeJet nozzles operating at 30 psi (Test 2). At treatment, larvae were first to third instar and plants were ca. 10% swollen bud, 40% tight cluster, 50% loose cluster. On sample dates indicated in table, 10 sweeps with a standard 12-inch sweep-net were taken systematically through the center area of each plot avoiding plot boundaries. The larvae were counted and then distributed back into the same plot. High winds on 27 and 28 May made sweep-net sampling difficult and may have confounded the results for those two dates.
Blueberry, Early Season Control of Cranberry Fruitworm and Cherry Fruitworm, 1996
Authors: Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature blueberry bushes at the Trevor Nichols Research Complex in Douglas, MI at a rate of 50 GPA with a FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatment plots were arranged in a CRB design of two 44 ft long rows containing a total of 22 bushes, replicated 4 times. Funginex was applied separately to all treatments. Applications of materials were made on 10 Jun (1st egg laying, Bloom), 19 Jun (Petal Fall), 25 Jun (PF + 7 days), and 2 Jul (1C). Harvest fruit evaluations were made on 12 Jul by randomly picking 25 blueberry fruit clusters per replicate, or 100 clusters per treatment, and evaluating the fruit for CBFW and CFW injury.
COntrol of Root Weevil in Red Raspberry, 1996B
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Chamberlain J. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Trials were conducted in a mature field of ‘Chilliwack’ red raspberries in Vancouver, WA. Treatments were replicated 4 times on 9 X 30 ft plots in a RCB design. Sprays were applied on 18 Jun along the lower 3 feet of canes with a 2-ft hand-held boom sprayer equipped with 3 hollow cone D4-45 TeeJet nozzles at 150 psi that delivered 180 gpa at 2 mph. Field counts were made on 21 and 25 Jun beginning at 10PM by placing 25-ft long X 4-ft wide strips of white linen sheet under each side of the row and simultaneouly shaking the top training wire vigorously 10 times at 2 locations, one-quarter of the way in from each end of both sheets
Citrus Leafminer Control on Citrus, 1996
Authors: French J. Victor , Villarreal Santiago 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Micromite, Alert and Provado were compared with the standard treatment Agri-Mek + NR 435 Oil for efficacy against CLM. Treatments were randomized and replicated 4 times on single tree plots in a 3-yr-old grapefruit orchard on 18 X 24 ft spacing. Trees were sprayed to foliar runoff on 12 Sep using a Hypro 5200 high pressure handgun sprayer operating at 200 psi. At each count date, 4 new flush terminals (each with 10-12 leaves) were randomly collected per replicate and taken to the laboratory. All live and dead CLM lst--4th stage larvae and pupae were counted on each terminal. The insects were recorded as dead by lack of movement and/or evidence of dessication when examined microscopically at 20 X. Percent mortality of all CLM immature stages was determined for each treatment.
Control of Citrus Thrips on Lemons, 1996
Authors: Kerns D. L. , Tellez T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Eight year old lemon trees in Yuma, AZ were treated with insecticides for control of citrus thrips. The treatments were arranged in a RCB design, consisting of four replicates. Each plot (30 by 90 ft) consisted of three trees 30 ft apart in a row. Applications were made using a backpack air-blast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa. Treatments were initiated approximately 14 days after petal fall and were applied on Apr 3, Apr 30 and May 15. Evaluations were made on 5 Apr, 9 Apr, 15 Apr, 23 Apr, 29 Apr, 2 May, 6 May, 13 May, 17 May, 20 May and 29 May. Percent infested fruit were estimated by sampling by sampling ten fruit per tree for the presence or absence of immature CT. Fruit damage was assessed on Aug 16 by rating the degree of rind scarring: 1 = no scarring, 2 = slight scarring around the calyx, 3 = significant scarring around the calyx, 4 = slight scarring on the side of the fruit and 5 = major scarring on the side of the fruit. Percentage fruit infested with immature CT were transformed using a square-root transformation for analysis, percentage values are presented in the tables. Differences among treatments were separated using ANOVA and an F protected LSD.
Evaluation of Sevin and Lorsban for Thrips Control on Citrus During Bloom, 1996
Authors: Childers C. C. , Harvey M. , Threlkeld D. K. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two Sevin formulations were compared against Lorsban for controlling adults and larvae of Frankliniella bispinosa. Treatments were assigned to 8 rows wide X 12 trees/row ( = 96 tree) to 8 rows X 13 to 21 trees/row (= 150 tree) plots in a RCB design, replicated 4 times on 12-18 ft tall trees with 15 X 25 ft spacing. Treatments were applied on 25 and 26 Mar using a Rears PTO airblast sprayer with speed, nozzling and pressure adjusted to apply 200 gpa. At each evaluation date, 20 open flowers were randomly collected from at least 5 trees in the center of each replicate. Each flower was picked individually and placed immediately in a one pint jar containing ca. 100 ml of 70% ethanol. The jars were returned to the laboratory and the number of open flowers were recorded per jar. Individual flowers per jar were teased apart to expose and flush thrips motile stages from the areas between petals, filaments and the pistil. The numbers of both F. bispinosa adults and larvae per 20 open flowers were recorded as one observation. Data were subjected to log10 (X + 1) transformations for statistical analysis and untransformed means are presented in the tables for comparison.
Citrus Red Mite Pesticide Efficacy Trials, 1995, 1996
Authors: Grafton-Cardwell E. E. , Reagan C. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Acaricides for control of citrus red mite were evaluated in the spring of 1995 and 1996 on ≈20 year old ‘Washington navel’ orange trees at the Lindcove Research and Extension Center, Exeter, CA. The acaricides were compared for efficacy against citrus red mite as well as their impact on populations of a predatory mite, which feeds on citrus red mite in San Joaquin Valley orchards. The acaricides were applied on 19 May in 1995; and on 8 Apr in 1996 using a Bean hand-sprayer at 300 psi and approximately 300 gpa (3^1 gal/tree). Single tree treatments were assigned based on pretreatment sampling of citrus red mite conducted on 9 May 1995 and 7 Apr 1996. Samples consisted of five leaves from the periphery of four quadrants of each tree (20 leaves per tree). The number of all active stages of citrus red mite and predatory mites per leaf were recorded weekly.