bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working Capital Management and Financial Performance of Deposit Taking Savings and Credit Cooperative Societies in Central Region, Kenya
Authors: Wangechi Samuel Wanjohi , Irungu Dr. Anthony Mugetha 
Published: October 2024

The goal of the investigation was to determine the effect of management of working capital on the financial performance of deposit-taking SACCOs in Central Region, Kenya. The investigation sought the impact of accounts receivable, accounts payable management, and cash management on performance. The theoretical literature review concentrated on conversion Cycle Theory, agency theory, transaction cost theory, and pecking order theory. The study adopted a causal research design. In this investigation, 27 DT SACCOs in Central Region, Kenya were the target population. Due to small and manageable size of the SACCOs, the study used a census. Five years of secondary data was collected (2017- 2021). The data was analyzed using descriptive, trend analysis and panel regression. The investigation indicated that cash management had a progressive and noteworthy coefficient of (β was 0.219, p was 0.000). The findings further confirms that accounts receivable management had a progressive and noteworthy influence on financial success of the SACCOs (β was 0.005, p=0.002). Further, accounts payable management had a negative and unworthy effect on financial success of the SACCOs (β was -0.004, p was 0.081). Government and the Ministry of Cooperatives could create policies that are fit for the execution of cash management and accounts receivable practices in SACCOs. This will enhance efficiency and uniformity in the adoption and use of working capital practices in SACCOs. SACCOs should invest more in cash management practices since it had the highest impact on financial performance. Also, the report suggests that SACCOs establish a norm of standard liquidity place to lower the risk of losses due to excess cash at the workplace, which could arm the performance of SMEs. However, SACCOs should not emphasize accounts payable since it did not affect their financial performance.
Optimization of Legal Protection for the Leato Wreck Site: Discourse on Cultural Heritage Law and Maritime Conservation Law
Authors: Puluhulawa Jufryanto , Puluhulawa Fenty U. , Swarianata Vifi , Harun Amanda Adelina , Puluhulawa Irlan 
Published: October 2024

Cultural heritage regulations and maritime conservation area regulations intersect and overlap in terms of legal protection, and nowhere is this more obvious than at the Leato underwater site/Japanese cargo ship wreck, referred to as the Leato wreck site in this paper. This legal issue later became a stumbling block in optimizing the legal protection of the Leato/Japanese cargo wreck underwater site. The study used two approaches: the statute approach and the conceptual approach. Analysis: a shipwreck can be defined as a catastrophic event that occurred in the past, with potential socio-economic benefits in the future, contingent upon optimal efforts to conserve history and culture, with great socio-economic potential if its exploitation is successfully optimized, with an eye to conservation efforts. The combination of these legally binding regulations is the key to optimizing the legal protection of the Leato underwater site. The maritime conservation area regulations safeguard the shipwreck's location as an integrated and interconnected ecosystem. By contrast, cultural heritage regulations protect the core zone of the Leato underwater site as a maritime cultural heritage from potential natural or human-caused damage. Other important issues that need to be considered are the empowerment of local communities in realizing a sustainable environment and cooperation between institutions in maintaining and preserving underwater cultural heritage.
Analysis of Wheat Export Performance in India
Authors: Keerthana,V  , Thangadurai,T  , Raghunath,S  , Nethaji,M  , Ashwini.V  , Bairavi.M  , Dinesh.S  , Kirthana.R.M.S  , Manasa.V.R  , Manoj.R  , Tamilselvan.S  
Published: October 2024

Wheat is a plant which is valued highly for its kernel as an edible part and an important source of carbohydrates. India ranks second position in wheat production in the world with a contribution of roughly 13.53 per cent to global wheat output (Naga Latha et. al., 2022). The study analyses the export performance of wheat and examines the trends in the growth performance of wheat in terms of area, production and productivity, export quantity and export value during 1973-2022 which is a period of 50 years. The analysis reveals that the highest compound growth rate in terms of area was 1.16 per cent, production was 4.49 per cent and productivity was 3.29 per cent respectively. The results of the study on the compound growth rates during the study periods have shown positive and increasing value which indicates high potential for the export of wheat from India. In the analysis of instability, there exists a high positive correlation between the export quantity and value of export in the overall period. Wheat area, production and productivity exhibit higher variability and instability in the overall period. Period II shows lower variability and instability, indicating increased stability. Period I exhibits moderate variability and instability. The overall period has the highest instability, suggesting unpredictable production. Instability indices show high instability at 126.97 per cent in Period I and 138.18 per cent overall, while Period II exhibits moderate instability at 101.94 per cent. Market volatility, trade policies, economic fluctuations, weather patterns and production variability contribute to these fluctuations. As of trend analysis, there is a positive and significant increase. The NPC value of wheat during the overall period was 0.051, it indicates that the commodity is not protected. NPC<1 indicates that the commodity is exportable and possesses export competitiveness and hence the hypothesis i.e. Indian wheat has better competitiveness in the International market.
Assessment of Fuel Wood Consumption and Its Effect on Forest Depletion in Dry Deciduous Forest of Haliyal Taluk, Uttar Kannada District, India
Authors: Rathod Chetan Bhanu , Rathod Umesh , K V Murali 
Published: October 2024

Forest plays a significant role in extending wood and non-wood resources around the world, Forests provide ecosystem services, such as timber, food, fuel, fodder, non-wood products and shelter, which are essential for human well-being. However the increasing demand and pressure on forest resources majorly like fuel wood lead to degradation of forests. Hence it is important to assess the fuel wood consumption pattern and its impact on the forest for sustainable management of resources. In the present study, Haliyal taluk was selected, the area which is under rapid urbanization, surrounded by dry deciduous forest and the people living in that area depend on forest for fuel wood consumption. The study examined fuel wood collection among different farmer categories: large, medium, small, and landless. Results from the semi structured questioner survey revealed that medium farmers collected the most fuel wood. The total fuel wood consumption in Haliyal taluk was 5232.2 tonnes, with an average household consumption of 2.60 quintals of fuel wood per year. Major preferred tree species for fuel wood were Xylia xylocarpa, Terminalia tomentosa and Lagerstroemia lanceolata, which are valued for their high energy content, favourable burning characteristics and availability. For estimation of forest degradation Randomized Block Design was used and the study classified the forest vegetation into four crown density classes: Very Dense Forest (T1), Moderately Dense Forest (T2), Open Forest (T3), and Scrub (T4). Data was collected from 20 plots (20 x 20 m each) across these classes to measure forest depletion. The results showed that statistically significant differences in degradation levels, with the highest depletion (31.56 m³/ha) in very dense forests followed by moderate depletion (6.75 m³/ha) in moderately dense forests and the lowest (2.4 m³/ha) in scrub forests. This pattern reflects greater anthropogenic pressures and higher fuel wood availability in more dense forest types.
Designing the Climate Observing System of the Future
Authors: Weatherhead Elizabeth C. , Wielicki Bruce A. , Ramaswamy V. , Abbott Mark , Ackerman Thomas P. , Atlas Robert , Brasseur Guy , Bruhwiler Lori , Busalacchi Antonio J. , Butler James H. , Clack Christopher T. M. , Cooke Roger , Cucurull Lidia , Davis Sean M. , English Jason M. , Fahey David W. , Fine Steven S. , Lazo Jeffrey K. , Liang Shunlin , Loeb Norman G. , Rignot Eric , Soden Brian , Stanitski Diane , Stephens Graeme , Tapley Byron D. , Thompson Anne M. , Trenberth Kevin E. , Wuebbles Donald 
Published: November 2017

AbstractClimate observations are needed to address a large range of important societal issues including sea level rise, droughts, floods, extreme heat events, food security, and freshwater availability in the coming decades. Past, targeted investments in specific climate questions have resulted in tremendous improvements in issues important to human health, security, and infrastructure. However, the current climate observing system was not planned in a comprehensive, focused manner required to adequately address the full range of climate needs. A potential approach to planning the observing system of the future is presented in this article. First, this article proposes that priority be given to the most critical needs as identified within the World Climate Research Program as Grand Challenges. These currently include seven important topics: melting ice and global consequences; clouds, circulation and climate sensitivity; carbon feedbacks in the climate system; understanding and predicting weather and climate extremes; water for the food baskets of the world; regional sea‐level change and coastal impacts; and near‐term climate prediction. For each Grand Challenge, observations are needed for long‐term monitoring, process studies and forecasting capabilities. Second, objective evaluations of proposed observing systems, including satellites, ground‐based and in situ observations as well as potentially new, unidentified observational approaches, can quantify the ability to address these climate priorities. And third, investments in effective climate observations will be economically important as they will offer a magnified return on investment that justifies a far greater development of observations to serve society's needs.
The Effect of Arc Proximity on Hydrothermal Activity Along Spreading Centers: New Evidence From the Mariana Back Arc (12.7°N–18.3°N)
Authors: Baker Edward T. , Walker Sharon L. , Resing Joseph A. , Chadwick William W. , Merle Susan G. , Anderson Melissa O. , Butterfield David A. , Buck Nathan J. , Michael Susanna 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBack‐arc spreading centers (BASCs) form a distinct class of ocean spreading ridges distinguished by steep along‐axis gradients in spreading rate and by additional magma supplied through subduction. These characteristics can affect the population and distribution of hydrothermal activity on BASCs compared to mid‐ocean ridges (MORs). To investigate this hypothesis, we comprehensively explored 600 km of the southern half of the Mariana BASC. We used water column mapping and seafloor imaging to identify 19 active vent sites, an increase of 13 over the current listing in the InterRidge Database (IRDB), on the bathymetric highs of 7 of the 11 segments. We identified both high and low (i.e., characterized by a weak or negligible particle plume) temperature discharge occurring on segment types spanning dominantly magmatic to dominantly tectonic. Active sites are concentrated on the two southernmost segments, where distance to the adjacent arc is shortest (<40 km), spreading rate is highest (>48 mm/yr), and tectonic extension is pervasive. Re‐examination of hydrothermal data from other BASCs supports the generalization that hydrothermal site density increases on segments <90 km from an adjacent arc. Although exploration quality varies greatly among BASCs, present data suggest that, for a given spreading rate, the mean spatial density of hydrothermal activity varies little between MORs and BASCs. The present global database, however, may be misleading. On both BASCs and MORs, the spatial density of hydrothermal sites mapped by high‐quality water‐column surveys is 2–7 times greater than predicted by the existing IRDB trend of site density versus spreading rate.
Congruent Bifurcation Angles in River Delta and Tributary Channel Networks
Authors: Coffey Thomas S. , Shaw John B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe show that distributary channels on river deltas exhibit a mean bifurcation angle that can be understood using theory developed in tributary channel networks. In certain cases, tributary network bifurcation geometries have been demonstrated to be controlled by diffusive groundwater flow feeding incipient bifurcations, producing a characteristic angle of 72∘. We measured 25 unique distributary bifurcations in an experimental delta and 197 bifurcations in 10 natural deltas, yielding a mean angle of 70.4∘±2.6∘ (95% confidence interval) for field‐scale deltas and a mean angle of 68.3∘±8.7∘ for the experimental delta, consistent with this theoretical prediction. The bifurcation angle holds for small scales relative to channel width length scales. Furthermore, the experimental data show that the mean angle is 72∘ immediately after bifurcation initiation and remains relatively constant over significant time scales. Although distributary networks do not mirror tributary networks perfectly, the similar control and expression of bifurcation angles suggests that additional morphodynamic insight may be gained from further comparative study.
Teleconnection Between Atlantic Multidecadal Variability and European Temperature: Diversity and Evaluation of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 Models
Authors: Qasmi Saïd , Cassou Christophe , Boé Julien 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA realistic simulation of the Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) and related teleconnections is essential to resolve and understand the potential predictability over Europe at decadal timescale. Based on a large ensemble of state‐of‐the‐art climate models, we show that a considerable intermodel spread exists in the spatiotemporal properties of the simulated AMV and teleconnections with European summer temperature. The greater the persistence, variance, and basin‐scale spatial coherence, the stronger the teleconnection. We demonstrate that only a few members of a few models produce a teleconnection that is consistent with observational estimates over the instrumental period. This highlights the possible extreme nature of the last century teleconnection and/or a detrimental underestimation of ocean‐land teleconnectivity in many climate models. Yet we emphasize the considerable uncertainties due to methods used to disentangle internal and externally forced variations in observations, and to sampling, which must be correctly accounted when analyses are performed on short temporal records.
Regional Changes in Icescape Impact Shelf Circulation and Basal Melting
Authors: Cougnon E. A. , Galton‐Fenzi B. K. , Rintoul S. R. , Legrésy B. , Williams G. D. , Fraser A. D. , Hunter J. R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIce shelf basal melt is the dominant contribution to mass loss from Antarctic ice shelves. However, the sensitivity of basal melt to changes in icescape (grounded icebergs, ice shelves, and sea ice) and related ocean circulation is poorly understood. Here we simulate the impact of the major 2010 calving event of the Mertz Glacier Tongue (MGT), East Antarctica, and related redistribution of sea ice and icebergs on the basal melt rate of the local ice shelves. We find that the position of the grounded tabular iceberg B9B controls the water masses that reach the nearby ice shelf cavities. After the calving of the MGT and the removal of B9B, warmer water is present both within the MGT cavity and on the continental shelf driving a 57% increase of the deep MGT basal melting. Major changes in icescape influence the oceanic heat flux responsible for basal ice shelf melting.
Toward Seeing the Earth's Interior Through Unbiased Tomographic Lenses
Authors: Zaroli Christophe , Koelemeijer Paula , Lambotte Sophie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGeophysical tomographic studies traditionally exploit linear, damped least squares inversion methods. We demonstrate that the resulting models can be locally biased toward lower or higher amplitudes in regions of poor data illumination, potentially causing physical misinterpretations. For example, we show that global model S40RTS is locally biased toward higher amplitudes below isolated receivers where raypaths are quasi‐vertical, such as on Hawaii. This leads to questions on the apparent low‐velocity structure interpreted as the Hawaii hot spot. We prove that a linear Backus‐Gilbert inversion scheme can bring the Earth's interior into focus through unbiased tomographic lenses, as its model estimates are constrained to be averages over the true model. It also efficiently computes the full generalized inverse required to infer both model resolution and its covariance, enabling quantitative interpretations of tomographic models.
Typhoon‐Induced Ground Deformation
Authors: Mouyen M. , Canitano A. , Chao B. F. , Hsu Y.‐J. , Steer P. , Longuevergne L. , Boy J.‐P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGeodetic instruments now offer compelling sensitivity, allowing to investigate how solid Earth and surface processes interact. By combining surface air pressure data, nontidal sea level variations model, and rainfall data, we systematically analyze the volumetric deformation of the shallow crust at seven borehole strainmeters in Taiwan induced by 31 tropical cyclones (typhoons) that made landfall to the island from 2004 to 2013. The typhoon's signature consists in a ground dilatation due to air pressure drop, generally followed by a larger ground compression. We show that this compression phase can be mostly explained by the mass loading of rainwater that falls on the ground and concentrates in the valleys towards the strainmeter sensitivity zone. Further, our analysis shows that borehole strainmeters can help quantifying the amount of rainwater accumulating and flowing over a watershed during heavy rainfalls, which is a useful constraint for building hydrological models.
Submesoscale Sea Ice‐Ocean Interactions in Marginal Ice Zones
Authors: Manucharyan Georgy E. , Thompson Andrew F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSignatures of ocean eddies, fronts, and filaments are commonly observed within marginal ice zones (MIZs) from satellite images of sea ice concentration, and in situ observations via ice‐tethered profilers or underice gliders. However, localized and intermittent sea ice heating and advection by ocean eddies are currently not accounted for in climate models and may contribute to their biases and errors in sea ice forecasts. Here, we explore mechanical sea ice interactions with underlying submesoscale ocean turbulence. We demonstrate that the release of potential energy stored in meltwater fronts can lead to energetic submesoscale motions along MIZs with spatial scales O(10 km) and Rossby numbers O(1). In low‐wind conditions, cyclonic eddies and filaments efficiently trap the sea ice and advect it over warmer surface ocean waters where it can effectively melt. The horizontal eddy diffusivity of sea ice mass and heat across the MIZ can reach O(200 m2 s−1). Submesoscale ocean variability also induces large vertical velocities (order 10 m d−1) that can bring relatively warm subsurface waters into the mixed layer. The ocean‐sea ice heat fluxes are localized over cyclonic eddies and filaments reaching about 100 W m−2. We speculate that these submesoscale‐driven intermittent fluxes of heat and sea ice can contribute to the seasonal evolution of MIZs. With the continuing global warming and sea ice thickness reduction in the Arctic Ocean, submesoscale sea ice‐ocean processes are expected to become increasingly prominent.
A Bayesian‐Based System to Assess Wave‐Driven Flooding Hazards on Coral Reef‐Lined Coasts
Authors: Pearson S. G. , Storlazzi C. D. , van Dongeren A. R. , Tissier M. F. S. , Reniers A. J. H. M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMany low‐elevation, coral reef‐lined, tropical coasts are vulnerable to the effects of climate change, sea level rise, and wave‐induced flooding. The considerable morphological diversity of these coasts and the variability of the hydrodynamic forcing that they are exposed to make predicting wave‐induced flooding a challenge. A process‐based wave‐resolving hydrodynamic model (XBeach Non‐Hydrostatic, “XBNH”) was used to create a large synthetic database for use in a “Bayesian Estimator for Wave Attack in Reef Environments” (BEWARE), relating incident hydrodynamics and coral reef geomorphology to coastal flooding hazards on reef‐lined coasts. Building on previous work, BEWARE improves system understanding of reef hydrodynamics by examining the intrinsic reef and extrinsic forcing factors controlling runup and flooding on reef‐lined coasts. The Bayesian estimator has high predictive skill for the XBNH model outputs that are flooding indicators, and was validated for a number of available field cases. It was found that, in order to accurately predict flooding hazards, water depth over the reef flat, incident wave conditions, and reef flat width are the most essential factors, whereas other factors such as beach slope and bed friction due to the presence or absence of corals are less important. BEWARE is a potentially powerful tool for use in early warning systems or risk assessment studies, and can be used to make projections about how wave‐induced flooding on coral reef‐lined coasts may change due to climate change.
Seasonal Dynamics of Dissolved Organic Carbon Under Complex Circulation Schemes on a Large Continental Shelf: The Northern South China Sea
Authors: Meng Feifei , Dai Minhan , Cao Zhimian , Wu Kai , Zhao Xiaozheng , Li Xiaolin , Chen Junhui , Gan Jianping 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe examined the distribution and seasonality of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) based on a large data set collected from the northern South China Sea (NSCS) shelf under complex circulation schemes influenced by river plume, coastal upwelling, and downwelling. The highest surface values of ∼117 μmol L−1 were observed nearshore in summer suggesting high DOC supplies from the river inputs, whereas the lowest surface values of ∼62 μmol L−1 were on the outer shelf in winter due to entrainment of DOC‐poor subsurface water under strengthened vertical mixing. While the summer coastal upwelling brought lower DOC from offshore depth to the nearshore surface, the winter coastal downwelling delivered higher surface DOC to the midshelf deep waters from the inner shelf fueled by the China Coastal Current (CCC) transporting relatively high DOC from the East China Sea to the NSCS. The intensified winter downwelling generated a cross‐shelf DOC transport of 3.1 × 1012 g C over a large shelf area, which induced a significant depression of the NSCS DOC inventory in winter relative to in autumn. In addition to the variable physical controls, net biological production of DOC was semiquantified in both the river plume (2.8 ± 3.0 μmol L−1) and coastal upwelling (3.1 ± 1.3 μmol L−1) in summer. We demonstrated that the NSCS shelf had various origins of DOC including riverine inputs, inter‐shelf transport and in situ production. Via cross‐shelf transport, the accumulated DOC would be exported to and stored in the deep ocean, suggesting that continental shelves are a potentially effective carbon sink.