bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostik und Therapie typischer Komplikationen der infektiösen Endokarditis
Authors: Nitsche Christian , Hengstenberg Christian 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungDie infektiöse Endokarditis stellt ein ernsthaftes kardiologisches Krankheitsbild dar, das mit lebensbedrohlichen Komplikationen einhergehen kann. Grundsätzlich wird zwischen Komplikationen unterschieden, die unmittelbar einer herzchirurgischen Sanierung bedürfen und solchen, welche anderweitig behandelt werden können. Der aktuelle Artikel soll das Management der wichtigsten Endokarditis-assoziierten Komplikationen im Lichte der rezent erschienenen neuen Richtlinien der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie zusammenfassen.
Explore the Role of the Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Signalling as a Novel
Promising Therapeutic Target for the Management of Parkinson's
Disease
Authors: Bisht Manoj , Kadian Jai Parkash , Hooda Tanuj , Jain Neelam , Lather Amit , Aggarwal Navidha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a cellular signalling molecule derived from
sphingosine, which is a pro-apoptotic sphingolipid. Sphingolipids control
various cellular actions like growth, homeostasis, and stress-related responses.
The main sources of S1P in our body are erythrocytes. S1P controls both cellular
mediators and other second messengers intracellularly. The S1P receptor also
helps in inflammatory and neuroprotective effects (required to manage of
Parkinsonʼs). A large number of anti-Parkinson drugs are available, but still,
there is a need for more effective and safer drugs. S1P and its receptors could
be targeted as novel drugs due to their involvement in neuro-inflammation and
Parkinsonʼs. The present review effort to explore the biological role of S1P and
related receptors, for their possible involvement in PD; furthermore. Overall,
S1P and other related metabolizing enzymes have significant therapeutic
opportunities for Parkinsonʼs disease along with other neurological
disorders.
8.1.14.23 Hetaryllithium Compounds (Update 2025)
Authors: Sanz R. , Suárez-Pantiga S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis is an update to the previous Science of Synthesis chapter on aryl- and hetaryllithium compounds (Section 8.1.14). This update is focused solely on hetaryllithium compounds and covers those advances in the preparation and reactivity of lithiated hetarenes described in articles that were published between 2004 and 2023. Reviewed herein are direct deprotonation, halogen –lithium exchange, and directed-metalation strategies to access a diverse range of lithiated nitrogen-, oxygen- or sulfur-based hetarenes. Selected classical strategies to prepare hetaryllithium compounds covered in the previous chapter are also included in this update, since novel applications and further transformations of these hetaryllithium compounds have been explored.
20.5.1.3.6 Synthesis of Esters from Aldehydes, Ketones, and Derivatives (Including Enol Ethers) (Update 2025)
Authors: Berkessel A. , Harnying W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis is an update to a previous Science of Synthesis chapter (Section 20.5.1.3), and describes methods for the synthesis of carboxylic esters from various types of aldehydes, ketones, and derivatives (including acetals and enol ethers) that were published between 2007 and 2023. In this update, emphasis is placed on modern catalytic methods. In particular, the synthetically highly useful organocatalytic formation of esters from aldehydes, catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) under oxidative conditions and via internal redox reactions, which was not covered in the previous chapter, is surveyed. The spectrum of catalytic methods covered extends further to catalytic dehydrogenative cross couplings of aldehydes with alcohols, the Tishchenko reaction (in particular to stereoselective variants thereof), to the use of oxygen-plus-catalysts in the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of ketones and the generation of esters from acetals, and the catalytic dehydrogenation of enol ethers in the presence of water.
Simulation study of abdominal hemorrhage based on magnetic induction tomography
Authors: Chen Ruijuan , Du Yalin , Zhu Xinlei , Zhang Yuanxin , Wang Huiquan , Sun Hongsheng , Wang Jinhai 
Published: October 2024

Abdominal hemorrhage is an important clinical disease that can be life-threatening in severe cases. Therefore, timely detection and treatment of abdominal hemorrhage is crucial for the health and safety of patients. Magnetic induction tomography is a non-invasive, nonradioactive, and non-contact electromagnetic imaging technology with potential application value for disease screening and continuous monitoring. In this paper, a simulation model of electrical impedance distribution close to the real human abdominal tissue was constructed, and based on this model, the magnetic induction tomography simulation method of internal bleeding was studied by the finite element numerical method, and the comparison was verified by phantom experiments. The eddy current density distribution inside the abdominal tissue and the magnetic induction phase data at the tissue boundary are solved, and sensitivity analysis of phase differences caused by changes in the radius and position of bleeding volume was conducted, and three sensitivity indicators were proposed. Both the simulation and phantom experiment show that when there are six types of tissues with different conductivity in the abdomen, the radius of bleeding increases from 10 to 30 mm, and the radius phase difference sensitivity index Ar increases approximately linearly monotonically. Its radius transformation sensitivity Kr is 3.0961 × 10−5°/cm. When the position of the bleeding volume changes, the sensitivity index Ax of the x-axis displacement phase difference shows a quasilinear monotonic decrease, and the x-axis displacement sensitivity Kx is −6.3744 × 10−6°/cm. The y-axis displacement phase difference sensitivity Ay index shows a quasilinear relationship and monotonically increases, with a y-axis displacement sensitivity Ky of 5.2870 × 10−4°/cm. The results indicate that the phase difference sensitivity before and after the occurrence of bleeding can be used as a quantitative monitoring indicator to monitor the occurrence and trend of intra-abdominal hemorrhage, laying the foundation for the preliminary screening and continuous monitoring of abdominal hemorrhage diseases using magnetic induction imaging.
Simulation of lithium hydroxide decomposition using deep potential molecular dynamics
Authors: Kussainova Dina , Panagiotopoulos Athanassios Z. 
Published: October 2024

Chemical reactions and vapor–liquid equilibria for molten lithium hydroxide (LiOH) were studied using molecular dynamics simulations and a deep potential (DP) model. The neural network for the model was trained on quantum density functional theory data for a range of conditions. The DP model allows simulations over timescales of hundreds of ns, which provide equilibrium compositions for the systems of interest. Single-phase NPT simulations of the liquid show the decomposition of LiOH into lithium oxide (Li2O) and dissolved water (H2O). These DP results were validated by direct ab initio molecular dynamics simulations that confirmed the accuracy of the model with respect to reaction kinetics and equilibrium properties of the melt. The reactive vapor–liquid behavior of this system was subsequently studied using direct coexistence interfacial DP simulations. Partial pressures of H2O in the vapor are found to be in close agreement with available experimental measurements. By fitting temperature-dependent expressions for the reaction equilibrium and Henry’s law constants, the equilibrium composition for any given initial composition and temperature can be quantitatively modeled. For high initial concentrations of Li2O or H2O, mixtures of LiOH + Li2O/H2O are found to undergo phase separation. The present study illustrates how DP-based molecular dynamics simulations can be used for quantitative modeling of multiphase reactive behavior with the accuracy of the underlying ab initio quantum chemical methods.
3D simulation estimation and experimental validation of droplet generation in CFD-based flow-focusing microfluidic chips
Authors: Shu Jingwei , Chen Wei , Zhao Yongfang , Li Minghai , Ma Zhenye 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Microdroplets generated using microfluidic techniques offer significant advantages over those generated using conventional methods, including high accuracy and excellent monodispersity. However, there remains a paucity of literature regarding the influence of fluid operating conditions and physical properties on droplet generation, specifically in relation to size and frequency, using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. In this study, we present a simplified microfluidic chip capable of flexibly adjusting the structure and size of the microchannels based on specific requirements. Subsequently, three-dimensional numerical simulations of this chip were conducted using CFD techniques and fitted a dimensionless model to estimate the droplet generation size and frequency through multivariate nonlinear regression methods. The experimental validation results demonstrated a strong correlation between the fitted data and the experimental observations, with size differences not exceeding 8% and good monodispersity, indicated by a coefficient of variation of less than 2.4%. This study provides valuable insights and a reference for future research.
On the full Kostant–Toda hierarchy and its

ℓ

-banded reductions for the Lie algebras of type

A
,
B

and G
Authors: Kodama Yuji , Xie Yuancheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper is concerned with the solutions of the full Kostant–Toda (f-KT) hierarchy in the Hessenberg form and their reductions to the

ℓ

-banded Kostant–Toda (

ℓ

-KT) hierarchies for

1
⩽
ℓ
⩽
n

, where the case with

ℓ
=
1

is the classical tridiagonal Toda hierarchy and the case with

ℓ
=
n

is the f-KT hierarchy. Based on the Hessenberg form of the f-KT hierarchy, we study the f-KT hierarchy and the corresponding

ℓ

-KT hierarchies on simple Lie algebras of type

A
,
B

and G as the root space reductions with proper choices of Chevalley systems. Explicit formulas of the polynomial solutions for the τ-functions are also given in terms of the Schur functions and Schur’s Q-functions.
Atmospheric pressure plasma jet interacting with a droplet on dielectric surface
Authors: Yan An , Kong Xianghao , Xue Shuang , Guo Peiwen , Chen Zhitong , Li Duanling , Liu Zhongwei , Zhang Haibao , Ning Wenjun , Wang Ruixue 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The chemical processes at plasma–liquid interface has become a crucial point for plasmas’ various applications. In this study, the interaction between atmospheric pressure plasma jet and different-scale droplets were investigated by both experiments and modeling. The interaction transited from ‘annular’ mode to ‘solid’ mode when plasma involved with different size of droplets. As the droplet size increased, the high-field region moved from the plasma jet head to the gap between plasma jet head and droplet vertex surface. Additionally, the time averaged surface fluxes of the main active species were analyzed. For the flux of singlet oxygen (1O2), both small and medium-scale droplets reached the maximum value in the central region of the droplets, while for large-scale droplet, the maximum value was observed in the edge region of the droplet. This was due to the fact that, compared to small and medium-scale droplet, the edges of large-scale droplet are closer to the He–Air mixed boundary layer, where more oxygen molecules were provided in the gas environment, leading to enhanced electron collision reactions with oxygen molecules. The cause for these behaviors were also analyzed and discussed. This work shed light on the interaction mechanism for plasma–liquid interactions, which provides significant guidance for plasma medical or water treatment applications.
MHz sampling rate measurements of N2(A3Σu
+) population in a Ns pulse discharge in a heated plasma flow reactor
Authors: Raskar Sai , Berry Matthew , Ting Li–Te , Jans Elijah R , Adamovich Igor V 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Absolute, time-resolved population of a metastable electronic state of molecular nitrogen, N2(

A
3

Σ
u
+

,
v
=
0

), is measured in a heated plasma flow reactor excited by a ns pulse discharge burst, by tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy using a distributed feedback laser. Nitrogen or NO–N2 gas mixture in the reactor are heated by a tube furnace maintained at T = 800–1000 K, at pressures of P = 50–300 Torr. A diffuse plasma in the flow channel made of quartz is generated using a repetitively pulsed, double dielectric barrier, ns discharge in a plane-to-plane geometry. N2(

A

3

Σ
u
+

)

molecules in the plasma are generated by electron impact excitation of N2

(

B

3

Π
g

)

and N2

(

C
3

Π
u

) states, followed by their cascade quenching. The laser is tuned across an absorption line near 1028 nm in a N2

B
3

Π
g

,
v
′
=
0
←

A
3

Σ
u
+

,
v

′
′

=
0

band at 100 kHz–1 MHz. The laser output wavelength and the absorption signal are measured by an etalon and two high bandwidth detectors. At all operating conditions, the absorption signal is fully resolved in time. The data points are taken every 500 ns–5 μs, with the temporal uncertainty of 50–500 ns, respectively. The data are used to infer the line pressure broadening coefficient and its temperature dependence. This study demonstrates the feasibility of this approach for the time-resolved N2(

A

3

Σ
u
+

)

measurements in pulsed hypersonic flow facilities, behind strong shock waves and in hypervelocity expansion flows.
Excellent field–trapping properties of large ring–shaped REBCO melt–textured bulks fabricated by the single–direction melt growth (SDMG) method
Authors: Motoki Takanori , Shimoyama Jun-ichi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ring–shaped homogeneous YBCO and DyBCO bulks were successfully fabricated using the Single–Direction Melt Growth (SDMG) method. The bulks were directly grown from ring–shaped compacted powder using ring–shaped molds with an outer diameter of 50 mm and inner diameters of 15, 20, and 25 mm. The ring–shaped bulks exhibited high trapped fields inside the rings up to 1.2 T at 77 K. Analyses of trapped field distributions revealed uniform current density distributions along the orbital direction. Stacked ring bulks demonstrated even higher trapped fields, reaching 2.0 T at 77 K. It was confirmed for the stacked bulks that time–independent uniform trapped fields can be achieved by magnetizing at lower fields than fully magnetizing conditions. Observed paramagnetic magnetization of the SDMG–processed YBCO bulk was negligibly small below the detection limit, which is considered to be more suitable for bulk NMR/MRI applications than DyBCO. Additionally, we proposed a method to quantitatively evaluate trapped fields of superconducting bulks with various diameters and thicknesses, where the estimated average current densities from the maximum trapped fields for all the obtained ring–shaped bulks were above 104 A cm–2 at 77 K. These results indicate that SDMG is an effective method for fabricating high–quality, large–scale ring–shaped bulks with superior field–trapping properties.
A frequency-domain finite element model for simulating high temperature superconductors using the J-A and T-A formulations
Authors: dos Santos Gabriel , Trillaud Frederic 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The AC losses, the current density and the magnetic field are important variables to design devices made of High Temperature Superconductors (HTS). These variables are often computed using a transient finite element analysis even though the interest may lay in the steady-state regime of the device. In this context, the need for solving time-dependent variables has led to improve the computation time with efficient finite element models (FEM) relying on different formulations of the Maxwell equations. Still, due to the time dependence and the highly nonlinear behavior of the superconductor, these transient FEM are computationally slow and, in general, demanding in terms of resources. In the present work, an alternative path is taken with the development of a frequency-domain FEM using a phasor representation to alleviate the computational burden. However, this model does not have the versatility of the transient models; but, it can generate the initial steady-state conditions for a subsequent transient analysis. At least, it is perfectly adapted to investigate the steady-state regime of HTS devices operated in AC conditions. In this phasor modelling approach, the Root Mean Square resistivity of the superconductor is introduced. It is subsequently approximated by an exponential decreasing function depending on the transition index, thus, introducing a factor to ease its implementation in the commercial software COMSOL Multiphysics with the most recent and fastest formulations of the Maxwell equations to this date, i.e. T-A and J-A. The case studies encompass single BSCCO and REBCO tapes as well as a CORC® cable, or more specifically, a Conductor on Round Tube. The results of the time- and frequency-domain FEM simulations are cross-checked and compared against experimental data. The comparison of the models’ results is carried out comparing the current density distributions as well as the AC losses. The comparison against experimental data is only conducted for the AC losses. In the present case, it is used to quantify thoroughly the accuracy of the numerical results compared to the measurements. A reasonable agreement between those results and the experimental data was found.
The Progenitors of Be-stars Paired with O-subdwarfs: The Spin-up of a Be Star at the Stage of Conservative Mass Exchange
Authors: Staritsin Evgeny 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The spinning-up of the accreting component in the process of conservative mass exchange is considered in binary systems—progenitors of systems consisting of a main sequence Be-star and an O-subdwarf. During the mass exchange, the meridional circulation transfers 80%–85% of the angular momentum that entered the accretor together with the accreted matter to the accretor surface. This angular momentum is removed from the accretor by the disk. When the mass exchange finishes, the accretor has a rotation typical of classical Be-type stars.
The Relationship Between Glabellar Contraction Patterns and Glabellar Muscle Anatomy: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging–based Study
Authors: Rams Daniel J , Koziej Mateusz , Green Jeremy B , Biesman Brian S , Szczepanek Elżbieta , Popiela Tadeusz J , Ostrogórska Monika , Gleń Agnieszka , Rohrich Rod J , Alfertshofer Michael , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Glabellar contraction patterns were introduced to the scientific literature to help guide glabellar neuromodulator injection algorithms. However, the relationship between the underlying musculature and its influence on these glabellar contraction patterns is unclear.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) glabellar muscle parameters that display an influence on the distribution of individual glabellar contraction patterns.

Methods
Thirty-four healthy young individuals of Caucasian Polish descent were investigated (17 females, 17 males) with a mean age of 23.6 years and a mean BMI of 22.8 kg/m2. MRI-based measurements of length, thickness, width, and surface area of procerus, corrugator supercilii, orbicularis oculi, and frontalis muscles were conducted.

Results
Unadjusted models revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the 5 glabellar contraction types and the investigated muscle parameters, indicating that, independent of the skin rhytid pattern, the underlying musculature was not different between the investigated groups in this sample, with all P ≥ .102. Adjusted models revealed that sex was the most influential factor, with males generally displaying higher values for the investigated parameters than females.

Conclusions
The results of this study reveal that, based on the MRI parameters investigated and the investigated cohort, there does not appear to be a strong relationship between glabellar contraction patterns and underlying glabella muscle anatomy. Utilizing glabellar contraction patterns to design neuromodulator treatment algorithms may be of variable clinical merit.

Level of Evidence: 3 (Therapeutic)
Short- and long-term effects of beta-blockers on symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients with myocardial infarction and preserved left ventricular function: a pre-specified quality of life sub-study from the REDUCE-AMI trial
Authors: Leissner Philip , Mars Katarina , Humphries Sophia , Karlström Patric , Yndigegn Troels , Jernberg Tomas , Hofmann Robin , Held Claes , Olsson Erik M G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Among patients with myocardial infarction (MI) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), the REDUCE-AMI trial did not demonstrate a benefit of beta-blocker vs. no beta-blocker treatment on all-cause mortality and recurrent myocardial infarction. The aim of this pre-specified sub-study was to investigate effects of beta-blockers on self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Methods and results
In this parallel-group, open-label, registry-based randomized trial, assessments with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were obtained at hospitalization and two follow-up points (6–10 weeks and 12–14 months) after MI. Analyses were based on the intention-to-treat principle using linear mixed models, calculating both short- and long-term effects. From August 2018 through June 2022, 806 patients were enrolled. At baseline, 27% of patients were possible cases of anxiety (m, 5.6; SD, 3.9) and 14% were possible cases of depression (m, 3.9; SD, 3.2). Beta-blocker treatment had a negative effect on depressive symptoms at both follow-ups 1 (β = 0.48; 95% CI 09–0.86; P = 0.015) and 2 (β = 0.41; 95% CI = 0.01–0.81; P = 0.047), but no effect on anxiety.

Conclusion
Beta-blocker treatment led to a modest increase in depressive symptoms among MI patients with preserved LVEF. This observed effect was most pronounced in individuals with prior beta-blocker treatment. In routine initiation and continuation of beta-blocker treatment, a risk of slightly increased depressive symptoms should be considered.