bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design and placement of synthetic sex pheromone traps for cacao mirids in Ghana
Authors: Sarfo J.E. , Campbell C.A.M. , Hall D.R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCacao mirids (Sahlbergella singularis,Distantiella theobromaandBryocoropsis laticollis) were captured in pheromone traps releasing a 2:1 blend of the sex pheromone components of the two first named species in a series of five experiments on cacao (Theobroma cacao) plantations in Ghana. A total of 835 cacao mirids were caught, all male, 95% of which wereS. singularis, 3%D. theobromaand 2%B. laticollis.Two sticky trap and two water trap designs made from locally available materials were as effective for capturingS. singularisand total mirids as the best sticky trap from previously reported studies. Coating the outer surface of a large water trap with sticker increased the catch 4.4×, and 2.7× for a cylindrical sticky trap. Sticker on the outside of the water trap also increased the inside catch ofS. singularisby 76% and total mirids by 71%. The numbers ofS. singularisandD. theobromatrapped increased with increasing trap elevation and were highest around canopy level. Those traps caught an average 12× more mirids than traps at 1.8 m, the height recommended currently. Therefore, large water traps coated with sticker and aligned with the cacao canopy should raise the current capture rates of pheromone traps for cacao mirids about 50×, which may be sufficient for effective pest management by mass trapping without synthetic insecticides.
Evolutionary loss and replacement of Buchnera, the obligate endosymbiont of aphids
Authors: Chong Rebecca A , Moran Nancy A 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Symbiotic interactions between organisms create new ecological niches. For example, many insects survive on plant-sap with the aid of maternally transmitted bacterial symbionts that provision essential nutrients lacking in this diet. Symbiotic partners often enter a long-term relationship in which the co-evolutionary fate of lineages is interdependent. Obligate symbionts that are strictly maternally transmitted experience genetic drift and genome degradation, compromising symbiont function and reducing host fitness unless hosts can compensate for these deficits. One evolutionary solution is the acquisition of a novel symbiont with a functionally intact genome. Whereas almost all aphids host the anciently acquired bacterial endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola (Gammaproteobacteria), Geopemphigus species have lost Buchnera and instead contain a maternally transmitted symbiont closely related to several known insect symbionts from the bacterial phylum Bacteroidetes. A complete genome sequence shows the symbiont has lost many ancestral genes, resulting in a genome size intermediate between that of free-living and symbiotic Bacteroidetes. The Geopemphigus symbiont retains biosynthetic pathways for amino acids and vitamins, as in Buchnera and other insect symbionts. This case of evolutionary replacement of Buchnera provides an opportunity to further understand the evolution and functional genomics of symbiosis.
Suppression of interdiffusion-induced voiding in oxidation of copper nanowires with twin-modified surface
Authors: Huang Chun-Lung , Weng Wei-Lun , Liao Chien-Neng , Tu K. N. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCavitation and hollow structures can be introduced in nanomaterials via the Kirkendall effect in an alloying or reaction system. By introducing dense nanoscale twins into copper nanowires (CuNWs), we change the surface structure and prohibit void formation in oxidation of the nanowires. The nanotwinned CuNW exhibits faceted surfaces of very few atomic steps as well as a very low vacancy generation rate at copper/oxide interfaces. Together they lower the oxidation rate and eliminate void formation at the copper/oxide interface. We propose that the slow reaction rate together with the highly effective vacancy absorption at interfaces leads to a lattice shift in the oxidation reaction. Our findings suggest that the nanoscale Kirkendall effect can be manipulated by controlling the internal and surface crystal defects of nanomaterials.
Impaired DNA damage response signaling by FUS-NLS mutations leads to neurodegeneration and FUS aggregate formation
Authors: Naumann Marcel , Pal Arun , Goswami Anand , Lojewski Xenia , Japtok Julia , Vehlow Anne , Naujock Maximilian , Günther René , Jin Mengmeng , Stanslowsky Nancy , Reinhardt Peter , Sterneckert Jared , Frickenhaus Marie , Pan-Montojo Francisco , Storkebaum Erik , Poser Ina , Freischmidt Axel , Weishaupt Jochen H. , Holzmann Karlheinz , Troost Dirk , Ludolph Albert C. , Boeckers Tobias M. , Liebau Stefan , Petri Susanne , Cordes Nils , Hyman Anthony A. , Wegner Florian , Grill Stephan W. , Weis Joachim , Storch Alexander , Hermann Andreas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is the most frequent motor neuron disease. Cytoplasmic fused in sarcoma (FUS) aggregates are pathological hallmarks of FUS-ALS. Proper shuttling between the nucleus and cytoplasm is essential for physiological cell function. However, the initial event in the pathophysiology of FUS-ALS remains enigmatic. Using human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSCs)-derived motor neurons (MNs), we show that impairment of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)-dependent DNA damage response (DDR) signaling due to mutations in the FUS nuclear localization sequence (NLS) induces additional cytoplasmic FUS mislocalization which in turn results in neurodegeneration and FUS aggregate formation. Our work suggests that a key pathophysiologic event in ALS is upstream of aggregate formation. Targeting DDR signaling could lead to novel therapeutic routes for ameliorating ALS.
Growth of magnetic nanowires along freely selectable 〈hkl〉 crystal directions
Authors: Tao Y. , Degen C. L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe production of nanowire materials, uniformly oriented along any arbitrarily chosen crystal orientation, is an important, yet unsolved, problem in material science. Here, we present a generalizable solution to this problem. The solution is based on the technique of glancing angle deposition combined with a rapid switching of the deposition direction between crystal symmetry positions. Using iron–cobalt as an example, we showcase the simplicity and capabilities of the process in one-step fabrications of 〈100〉, 〈110〉, 〈111〉, 〈210〉, 〈310〉, 〈320〉, and 〈321〉-oriented nanowires, three-dimensional nanowire spirals, core–shell heterostructures, and axial hybrids. Our results provide a new capability for tailoring the properties of nanowires, and should be generalizable to any material that can be grown as a single-crystal biaxial film.
Fungal networks shape dynamics of bacterial dispersal and community assembly in cheese rind microbiomes
Authors: Zhang Yuanchen , Kastman Erik K. , Guasto Jeffrey S. , Wolfe Benjamin E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMost studies of bacterial motility have examined small-scale (micrometer–centimeter) cell dispersal in monocultures. However, bacteria live in multispecies communities, where interactions with other microbes may inhibit or facilitate dispersal. Here, we demonstrate that motile bacteria in cheese rind microbiomes use physical networks created by filamentous fungi for dispersal, and that these interactions can shape microbial community structure.Serratia proteamaculansand other motile cheese rind bacteria disperse on fungal networks by swimming in the liquid layers formed on fungal hyphae. RNA-sequencing, transposon mutagenesis, and comparative genomics identify potential genetic mechanisms, including flagella-mediated motility, that control bacterial dispersal on hyphae. By manipulating fungal networks in experimental communities, we demonstrate that fungal-mediated bacterial dispersal can shift cheese rind microbiome composition by promoting the growth of motile over non-motile community members. Our single-cell to whole-community systems approach highlights the interactive dynamics of bacterial motility in multispecies microbiomes.
The role of titanium in the initiation of localized corrosion of stainless steel 444
Authors: Gateman Samantha Michelle , Stephens Lisa Irene , Perry Samuel Charles , Lacasse Robert , Schulz Robert , Mauzeroll Janine 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTitanium has been added to ferritic stainless steels to combat the detrimental effects of intergranular corrosion. While this has proven to be a successful strategy, we have found that the resulting Ti-rich inclusions present on the surface play a significant role in the initiation of other forms of localized corrosion. Herein, we report the effect of these inclusions on the localized corrosion of a stainless steel using macro and micro electrochemical techniques. Through the use of scanning electrochemical microscopy, we observe the microgalvanic couple formed between the conductive inclusions and passivated metal matrix. The difference in local reactivity across the material’s surface was quantified using a 3D finite element model specifically built to respect the geometry of the corrosion-initiating features. Combined with electron microscopy and micro elemental analysis, localization of other alloying elements has been reported to provide new insight on their significance in localized corrosion resistance.
Pessimism and fearfulness in dairy calves
Authors: Lecorps Benjamin , Weary Daniel M. , von Keyserlingk Marina A. G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAnimals that experience situations likely to induce negative emotions show changes in judgment associated with pessimism. Few studies have focused on whether animals express stable differences in pessimism and whether these differences are related to personality traits. The first aim of this study was to explore if dairy calves are consistent over time in making judgments under ambiguous situations. Our second aim was to determine whether individual differences in judgment bias are related to conventional personality traits assessed using four standardized tests (Open field, Novel object, Human reactivity and Social motivation test). We subjected animals to two sessions of judgment bias and personality trait tests at 25 and 50 d of age. Individual differences in judgment bias were consistent over time with some animals persistently making more pessimistic choices compared to others. Two main dimensions of personality (Fearfulness and Sociability), obtained through principal component analysis, were also highly consistent over time. Pessimism was related to fearfulness, with more fearful calves making more pessimistic judgments. We conclude that dairy calves differ in the way they perceive and react to ambiguity and that this relates to individual differences in fearfulness.
Insights into the molecular mechanism of dehalogenation catalyzed by D-2-haloacid dehalogenase from crystal structures
Authors: Wang Yayue , Feng Yanbin , Cao Xupeng , Liu Yinghui , Xue Song 
Published: January 2018

AbstractD-2-haloacid dehalogenases (D-DEXs) catalyse the hydrolytic dehalogenation of D-2-haloacids, releasing halide ions and producing the corresponding 2-hydroxyacids. A structure-guided elucidation of the catalytic mechanism of this dehalogenation reaction has not been reported yet. Here, we report the catalytic mechanism of a D-DEX, HadD AJ1 from Pseudomonas putida AJ1/23, which was elucidated by X-ray crystallographic analysis and the H218O incorporation experiment. HadD AJ1 is an α-helical hydrolase that forms a homotetramer with its monomer including two structurally axisymmetric repeats. The product-bound complex structure was trapped with L-lactic acid in the active site, which is framed by the structurally related helices between two repeats. Site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the importance of the residues lining the binding pocket in stabilizing the enzyme-substrate complex. Asp205 acts as a key catalytic residue and is responsible for activating a water molecule along with Asn131. Then, the hydroxyl group of the water molecule directly attacks the C2 atom of the substrate to release the halogen ion instead of forming an enzyme-substrate ester intermediate as observed in L-2-haloacid dehalogenases. The newly revealed structural and mechanistic information on D-DEX may inspire structure-based mutagenesis to engineer highly efficient haloacid dehalogenases.
Attentional and physiological processing of food images in functional dyspepsia patients: A pilot study
Authors: Lee In-Seon , Preissl Hubert , Giel Katrin , Schag Kathrin , Enck Paul 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe food-related behavior of functional dyspepsia has been attracting more interest of late. This pilot study aims to provide evidence of the physiological, emotional, and attentional aspects of food processing in functional dyspepsia patients. The study was performed in 15 functional dyspepsia patients and 17 healthy controls after a standard breakfast. We measured autonomic nervous system activity using skin conductance response and heart rate variability, emotional response using facial electromyography, and visual attention using eyetracking during the visual stimuli of food/non-food images. In comparison to healthy controls, functional dyspepsia patients showed a greater craving for food, a decreased intake of food, more dyspeptic symptoms, lower pleasantness rating of food images (particularly of high fat), decreased low frequency/high frequency ratio of heart rate variability, and suppressed total processing time of food images. There were no significant differences of skin conductance response and facial electromyography data between groups. The results suggest that high level cognitive functions rather than autonomic and emotional mechanisms are more liable to function differently in functional dyspepsia patients. Abnormal dietary behavior, reduced subjective rating of pleasantness and visual attention to food should be considered as important pathophysiological characteristics in functional dyspepsia.
High-temperature operation of electrical injection type-II (GaIn)As/Ga(AsSb)/(GaIn)As “W”-quantum well lasers emitting at 1.3 µm
Authors: Fuchs C. , Brüggemann A. , Weseloh M. J. , Berger C. , Möller C. , Reinhard S. , Hader J. , Moloney J. V. , Bäumner A. , Koch S. W. , Stolz W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractElectrical injection lasers emitting in the 1.3 μm wavelength regime based on (GaIn)As/Ga(AsSb)/(GaIn)As type-II double “W”-quantum well heterostructures grown on GaAs substrate are demonstrated. The structure is designed by applying a fully microscopic theory and fabricated using metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. Temperature-dependent electroluminescence measurements as well as broad-area edge-emitting laser studies are carried out in order to characterize the resulting devices. Laser emission based on the fundamental type-II transition is demonstrated for a 975 μm long laser bar in the temperature range between 10 °C and 100 °C. The device exhibits a differential efficiency of 41 % and a threshold current density of 1.0 kA/cm2 at room temperature. Temperature-dependent laser studies reveal characteristic temperatures of T0 = (132 ± 3) K over the whole temperature range and T1 = (159 ± 13) K between 10 °C and 70 °C and T1 = (40 ± 1) K between 80 °C and 100 °C.
Pancreatic gene expression during recovery after pancreatitis reveals unique transcriptome profiles
Authors: Boggs Kristy , Wang Ting , Orabi Abrahim I. , Mukherjee Amitava , Eisses John F. , Sun Tao , Wen Li , Javed Tanveer A. , Esni Farzad , Chen Wei , Husain Sohail Z. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt is well known that pancreatic recovery after a single episode of injury such as an isolated bout of pancreatitis occurs rapidly. It is unclear, however, what changes are inflicted in such conditions to the molecular landscape of the pancreas. In the caerulein hyperstimulation model of pancreatitis, the murine pancreas has the ability to recover within one week based on histological appearance. In this study, we sought to characterize by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) the transcriptional profile of the recovering pancreas up to two weeks post-injury. We found that one week after injury there were 319 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) compared with baseline and that after two weeks there were 53 DEGs. Forty (12.5%) of the DEGs persisted from week one to week two, and another 13 DEGs newly emerged in the second week. Amongst the top up-regulated DEGs were several trypsinogen genes (trypsinogen 4, 5, 12, 15, and 16). To our knowledge, this is the first characterization of the transcriptome during pancreatic recovery by deep sequencing, and it reveals on a molecular basis that there is an ongoing recovery of the pancreas even after apparent histological resolution. The findings also raise the possibility of an emerging novel transcriptome upon pancreatic recovery.
Transalveolar sinus floor lift without bone grafting in atrophic maxilla: A meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Mingdong , Liu Ruimin , Bai Shuting , Wang Min , Xia Haibin , Chen Jiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe performed a meta-analysis aimed to assess the clinical results after transalveolar sinus floor lift without bone grafting in the atrophic maxilla. A systematic electronic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and The Cochrane Library, followed by a manual search. Two reviewers independently extracted study data and conducted quality assessments. Ten non-controlled studies including 1484 implants and eight controlled studies (5 RCTs and 3 prospective studies) including 817 implants (451 implants in the non-graft group) were enrolled in this study. The survival rate of implants via the graft-free method was 98% (95%CI 96% to 100%). There was no significant difference in the survival rate between the non-graft group and the graft group (RR: 1.02; p = 0.18). No statistically significant difference in marginal bone loss was detected between the groups at 12 months (0.57, p = 0.07) or 36 months (0.05, p = 0.61). The endo-sinus bone gain in the non-graft group was significantly lower than in the graft group at 12 months (−1.10, p = 0.0001) and 36 months (−0.74, p = 0.02). Hence, the available evidence suggests that predictable results could be acquired through transalveolar sinus floor lift without bone grafting, while there may be a trend toward more endo-sinus bone gain with bone grafts.
A Necessary and Sufficient Criterion for the Separability of Quantum State
Authors: Li Jun-Li , Qiao Cong-Feng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractQuantum entanglement has been regarded as one of the key physical resources in quantum information sciences. However, the determination of whether a mixed state is entangled or not is generally a hard issue, even for the bipartite system. In this work we propose an operational necessary and sufficient criterion for the separability of an arbitrary bipartite mixed state, by virtue of the multiplicative Horn’s problem. The work follows the work initiated by Horodecki et al. and uses the Bloch vector representation introduced to the separability problem by J. De Vicente. In our criterion, a complete and finite set of inequalities to determine the separability of compound system is obtained, which may be viewed as trade-off relations between the quantumness of subsystems. We apply the obtained result to explicit examples, e.g. the separable decomposition of arbitrary dimension Werner state and isotropic state.
Individual Variation in Social Behaviours of Male Lab-reared Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) is Non-heritable and Weakly Associated with V1aR Density
Authors: Vogel Andrea R. , Patisaul Heather B. , Arambula Sheryl E. , Tiezzi Francesco , McGraw Lisa A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe genetic and environmental factors that contribute to pair bonding behaviour remain poorly understood. Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) often, but not always, form stable pair bonds and present an ideal model species for investigating the genetic and environmental factors that influence monogamy. Here, we assessed variation in partner preference, a measure of pair bonding, and related social behaviours in a population of laboratory-reared prairie voles under controlled environmental conditions. We evaluated to what extent variation in these behaviours correlate with vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR) expression in the ventral pallidum (VP) and retrosplenial cortex (RSC), and estimated the heritability of these behaviours and V1aR expression. We found substantial variation in partner preference and measures of aggression, paternal care, and anxiety-like behaviours, but no correlation between these traits. We also found variation in V1aR density in the VP and RSC can account for behavioural components of paternal care and aggression, but not in partner preference. Heritability estimates of variation in partner preference were low, yet heritability estimates for V1aR expression were high, indicating that the extensive variation in partner preference observed within this population is due largely to environmental plasticity.
Drylands soil bacterial community is affected by land use change and different irrigation practices in the Mezquital Valley, Mexico
Authors: Lüneberg Kathia , Schneider Dominik , Siebe Christina , Daniel Rolf 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDryland agriculture nourishes one third of global population, although crop irrigation is often mandatory. As freshwater sources are scarce, treated and untreated wastewater is increasingly used for irrigation. Here, we investigated how the transformation of semiarid shrubland into rainfed farming or irrigated agriculture with freshwater, dam-stored or untreated wastewater affects the total (DNA-based) and active (RNA-based) soil bacterial community composition, diversity, and functionality. To do this we collected soil samples during the dry and rainy seasons and isolated DNA and RNA. Soil moisture, sodium content and pH were the strongest drivers of the bacterial community composition. We found lineage-specific adaptations to drought and sodium content in specific land use systems. Predicted functionality profiles revealed gene abundances involved in nitrogen, carbon and phosphorous cycles differed among land use systems and season. Freshwater irrigated bacterial community is taxonomically and functionally susceptible to seasonal environmental changes, while wastewater irrigated ones are taxonomically susceptible but functionally resistant to them. Additionally, we identified potentially harmful human and phytopathogens. The analyses of 16 S rRNA genes, its transcripts and deduced functional profiles provided extensive understanding of the short-term and long-term responses of bacterial communities associated to land use, seasonality, and water quality used for irrigation in drylands.