bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Analysis of All Salmonid Genomes (FAASG): an international initiative supporting future salmonid research, conservation and aquaculture
Authors: Macqueen Daniel J. , Primmer Craig R. , Houston Ross D. , Nowak Barbara F. , Bernatchez Louis , Bergseth Steinar , Davidson William S. , Gallardo-Escárate Cristian , Goldammer Tom , Guiguen Yann , Iturra Patricia , Kijas James W. , Koop Ben F. , Lien Sigbjørn , Maass Alejandro , Martin Samuel A.M. , McGinnity Philip , Montecino Martin , Naish Kerry A. , Nichols Krista M. , Ólafsson Kristinn , Omholt Stig W. , Palti Yniv , Plastow Graham S. , Rexroad Caird E. , Rise Matthew L. , Ritchie Rachael J. , Sandve Simen R. , Schulte Patricia M. , Tello Alfredo , Vidal Rodrigo , Vik Jon Olav , Wargelius Anna , Yáñez José Manuel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe describe an emerging initiative - the ‘Functional Analysis of All Salmonid Genomes’ (FAASG), which will leverage the extensive trait diversity that has evolved since a whole genome duplication event in the salmonid ancestor, to develop an integrative understanding of the functional genomic basis of phenotypic variation. The outcomes of FAASG will have diverse applications, ranging from improved understanding of genome evolution, through to improving the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production, supporting the future of fundamental and applied research in an iconic fish lineage of major societal importance.
The interplay of stiffness and force anisotropies drive embryo elongation
Authors: Vuong-Brender Thanh TK , Ben Amar Martine , Pontabry Julien , Labouesse Michel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe morphogenesis of tissues, like the deformation of an object, results from the interplay between their material properties and the mechanical forces exerted on them. Whereas the importance of mechanical forces in influencing cell behaviour is widely recognized, the importance of tissue material properties, in particular stiffness, has received much less attention. UsingC. elegansas a model, we examine how both aspects contribute to embryonic elongation. Measuring the opening shape of the epidermal actin cortex after laser nano-ablation, we assess the spatiotemporal changes of actomyosin-dependent force and stiffness along the antero-posterior and dorso-ventral axis. Experimental data and analytical modelling show that myosin II-dependent force anisotropy within the lateral epidermis, and stiffness anisotropy within the fiber-reinforced dorso-ventral epidermis are critical to drive embryonic elongation. Together, our results establish a quantitative link between cortical tension, material properties and morphogenesis of an entire embryo.
About and on Behalf of Scriptum Est by Vesa Suominen
Authors: Laporte Steven 
Published: December 2016

Purpose
This book review aims to draw attention to the often disregarded philosophical foundations of the library. Both the library as an institution and the science that studies its workings, are critically analyzed and put into an epistemological and even ideological perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
The original work by Vesa Suominen is explored in detail and its key findings subjected to criticism.

Findings
The book displays great originality and questions a number of long held beliefs regarding the library. Moving away from the more usual pragmatic and instrumentalist view of the library, the author proposes an approach that values the content of a library independant of its user. This approach, however, raises a number of questions.

Originality/value
Literature on the philosophical aspects of libraries and library science is scarce. Through this review we try to kindle a discussion that involves the basic mission statement of the modern library.
Locomotor endurance predicts differences in realized dispersal between sympatric sexual and unisexual salamanders
Authors: Denton Robert D. , Greenwald Katherine R. , Gibbs H. Lisle 
Published: December 2016

Summary

Dispersal is the central mechanism that determines connectivity between populations yet few studies connect the mechanisms of movement with realized dispersal in natural populations. To make such a link, we assessed how physiological variation among individuals predicted dispersal in natural populations of unisexual (all‐female) and sexual Ambystoma salamanders on the same fragmented landscape in Ohio.

Specifically, we assessed variation in a trait that influences long‐distance animal movement (locomotor endurance) and determined whether variation in endurance matched patterns of realized dispersal assessed using genetic assignment tests. A possible mechanism for why unisexuals would have lower locomotor endurance than a sympatric sexual species (Ambystoma texanum) is the potential energetic cost of evolutionarily mismatched mitochondrial and nuclear genomes within polyploid unisexuals.

We found that sexuals walked four times farther than unisexuals during treadmill endurance trials that mimic the locomotor endurance required for dispersal.

We then applied landscape genetic methods to identify dispersed adults and quantify realized dispersal. We show that the differences in locomotor endurance between unisexual and sexual salamanders scale to realized dispersal: dispersing sexual individuals travelled approximately twice the distance between presumed natal wetlands and the site of capture compared to dispersing unisexuals.

This study links variation in individual performance in terms of endurance with realized dispersal in the field and suggests a potential mechanism (physiological limitation due to mitonuclear mismatch) for the reduced endurance of unisexual individuals relative to sexual individuals although we discuss other possible explanations.

The differences in dispersal between these two types of salamanders also informs our understanding of sexual/unisexual coexistence by suggesting that unisexuals are at a competitive disadvantage in terms of colonization ability under a extinction‐colonization model of coexistence.

A lay summary is available for this article.
Trait–demography relationships underlying small mammal population fluctuations
Authors: van Benthem Koen J. , Froy Hannah , Coulson Tim , Getz Lowell L. , Oli Madan K. , Ozgul Arpat 
Published: December 2016

Summary

Large‐scale fluctuations in abundance are a common feature of small mammal populations and have been the subject of extensive research. These demographic fluctuations are often associated with concurrent changes in the average body mass of individuals, sometimes referred to as the ‘Chitty effect’. Despite the long‐standing recognition of this phenomenon, an empirical investigation of the underlying coupled dynamics of body mass and population growth has been lacking.

Using long‐term life‐history data combined with a trait‐based demographic approach, we examined the relationship between body mass and demography in a small mammal population that exhibits non‐cyclic, large‐scale fluctuations in abundance. We used data from the male segment of a 25‐year study of the monogamous prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster, in Illinois, USA. Specifically, we investigated how trait–demography relationships and trait distributions changed between different phases of population fluctuations, and the consequences of these changes for both trait and population dynamics.

We observed phase‐specific changes in male adult body mass distribution in this population of prairie voles. Our analyses revealed that these changes were driven by variation in ontogenetic growth, rather than selection acting on the trait. The resulting changes in body mass influenced most life‐history processes, and these effects varied among phases of population fluctuation. However, these changes did not propagate to affect the population growth rate due to the small effect of body mass on vital rates, compared to the overall differences in vital rates between phases. The increase phase of the fluctuations was initiated by enhanced survival, particularly of juveniles and fecundity, whereas the decline phase was driven by an overall reduction in fecundity, survival and maturation rates.

Our study provides empirical support, as well as a potential mechanism, underlying the observed trait changes accompanying population fluctuations. Body size dynamics and population fluctuations resulted from different life‐history processes. Therefore, we conclude that body size dynamics in our population do not drive the observed population dynamics. This more in‐depth understanding of different components of small mammal population fluctuations will help us to better identify the mechanistic drivers of this interesting phenomenon.
Neoliberalism, Nationalism and the Decline of Political Traditions
Authors: Crouch Colin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe three great Western political traditions (conservatism, liberalism, social democracy) incorporate three of the four possible combinations of the core political axes: traditional, unchanging authority versus the challenge of change, and egalitarianism versus inegalitarianism. The fourth possibility—egalitarian conservatism—has appeared in various guises, but has usually become submerged within the right, including its most authoritarian forms. Current xenophobic movements claiming to represent those suffering from excessive change—for example, those involved in the UK's EU referendum and Donald Trump's victory in the USA—are seeing an apparent resurgence of this neglected tradition. What are its implications for politics in general?
‘Loyal Believers and Disloyal Sceptics’: Propaganda and Dissent in Britain during the Korean War, 1950–1953
Authors: BUCHANAN TOM 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article looks at the small number of British subjects who visited China and North Korea during the Korean War with a view to influencing British opinion. Although none were brought to trial, all experienced some form of punitive action, whether the loss of employment, loss of passports, or damage to their reputations. The subject is placed in the context of the Cold War, and the wider concerns about disloyalty on the Left at the time, as well as the controversies surrounding the Korean War in Britain. It concludes that the actions of these individuals have to be understood in terms of their alternative loyalties (such as to the ‘new’ China, or to an alternative vision of the United Nations), which ultimately outweighed allegations of disloyalty.
The Mediterranean Metaphor in Early Geopolitical Writings
Authors: PETRI ROLF 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe article focuses on the view of the Mediterranean in early geopolitical writings. Through this lens, it looks at the space metaphors and imaginative geographies that defined the core meanings of the Middle Sea over the last 200 years. The author discusses the role that the Enlightenment philosophy of history had in the shaping of classical geography. Moving on similar grounds, early geopolitical writers believed in the ‘force of history’ as a generator of spatial order. They used episodes of the Mediterranean past as a parable for the spatial articulation of contact, conflict and power in the overall ‘process of civilization’. In their writings recurs an idea, which resonates also in later key texts regarding the same maritime space. It is the idea of a ‘greater Mediterranean’ that after the fifteenth century was destined to gain worldwide importance thanks to transoceanic expansion. In doing so, geographers, historians and philosophers of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries transformed the Middle Sea into a metaphor for the universal mission of Europe and the West.
Visual function and retinal vessel diameters during hyperthermia in man
Authors: Jensen Bettina Hagström , Bram Thue , Kappelgaard Per , Arvidsson Henrik , Loskutova Ekaterina , Munch Inger Christine , Larsen Michael 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPurposeTo assess the effect of elevated core body temperature on temporal and spatial contrast sensitivity and retinal vessel diameters.MethodsThe study included 13 healthy volunteers aged 20–37 years. Core body temperature elevation (target +1.1°C) was induced by wrapping the participants in cling film, tinfoil and warming blankets. Subsequent cooling was achieved by undressing. Flicker sensitivity (critical flicker fusion frequency) was chosen to assess temporal resolution, while the Freiburg Vision Test was used to determine spatial contrast sensitivity at 1.5 cycles per degree. Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy was used to measure retinal trunk vessel diameters. Assessment was made at baseline, during hyperthermia and after cooling.ResultsThe induction of a mean increase in core body temperature of 1.02°C was associated with a 7.15‐mmHg mean reduction in systolic blood pressure (p < 0.01), a 10.6‐mmHg mean reduction in diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.01), a mean increase in pulse rate of 36.3 bpm (p < 0.0001), a 2.66% improvement in flicker sensitivity (CI95 1.37–3.94, p < 0.001), a 2.80% increase in retinal artery diameters (CI95 1.09–4.51, p < 0.01) and a 2.95% increase in retinal vein diameters (CI95 0.96–4.94, p < 0.01). There was no detectable effect of temperature on spatial contrast sensitivity. All ocular test parameters returned to baseline levels after cooling.ConclusionIncreased core body temperature was accompanied by improved temporal visual resolution and retinal trunk vessel dilation. The results suggest that hyperthermia is associated with enhanced retinal function and increased retinal metabolism.
Pharmacokinetics and safety of a single dose of the novel necrosis inhibitor LC28‐0126 in healthy male subjects
Authors: Kim Seokuee , Chung Hyewon , Lee SeungHwan , Cho Sang‐Heon , Cho Hyun‐Jai , Kim Soon Ha , Jang In‐Jin , Yu Kyung‐Sang 
Published: December 2016

AimsA novel necrosis inhibitor, LC28‐0126, is expected to have a cellular protective effect from ischaemic reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction. The objective of this study was to investigate the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of LC28‐0126 after a single intravenous administration in healthy male subjects.MethodsThe study was a dose‐block‐randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, single ascending dose, first‐in‐human trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 0.3, 1, 3, 10, 25, 50, 100 or 200 mg of LC28‐0126. LC28‐0126 was infused for 30 min and 5 min in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. An interim analysis to assess the tolerability and pharmacokinetics was conducted in each dose group. Blood samples were taken to determine plasma LC28‐0126 concentrations from predose to 48 or 144 h postdose, and urine samples were taken from predose to 48 or 72 h postdose.ResultsOverall, 89 subjects were randomly assigned to the dose groups of the two cohorts. LC28‐0126 was well tolerated, and no serious adverse events were reported. LC28‐0126 showed rapid disposition in the distribution phase. Overall, the fraction of unchanged LC28‐0126 excreted during the 48 or 72 h after administration was below 5%. The systemic exposure of LC28‐0126 tends to be increased in a dose‐proportional manner in the dose range of 0.3–200 mg.ConclusionsA single intravenous dose of LC28‐0126 was safe and well tolerated up to 200 mg. Furthermore, LC28‐0126 demonstrated a predictable pharmacokinetic profile after a single intravenous infusion of doses ranging from 0.3 to 200 mg.
Variability in response to albuminuria‐lowering drugs: true or random?
Authors: Petrykiv Sergei I. , de Zeeuw Dick , Persson Frederik , Rossing Peter , Gansevoort Ron T. , Laverman Gozewijn D. , Heerspink Hiddo J. L. 
Published: December 2016

AimsAlbuminuria‐lowering drugs have shown different effect size in different individuals. Since urine albumin levels are known to vary considerably from day‐to‐day, we questioned whether the between‐individual variability in albuminuria response after therapy initiation reflects a random variability or a true response variation to treatment. In addition, we questioned whether the response variability is drug dependent.MethodsTo determine whether the response to treatment is random or a true drug response, we correlated in six clinical trials the change in albuminuria during placebo or active treatment (on‐treatment) with the change in albuminuria during wash‐out (off‐treatment). If these responses correlate during active treatment, it suggests that at least part of the response variability can be attributed to drug response variability. We tested this for enalapril, losartan, aliskiren, atrasentan and paricalcitol.ResultsNo correlation between the on‐ and off‐treatment albuminuria change was observed in the placebo arm of all clinical trials (R2 < 0.01). However, we observed significant associations between the on‐ and off‐treatment response (R2 0.14 to 0.57; all P < 0.015) for different albuminuria lowering drugs. Additionally, the albuminuria responses strongly correlated when the same individual was re‐exposed to the same drug at the same dose: lisinopril 10 mg day–1 (R2 = 53%; P < 0.01), losartan 50 mg day–1 (R2 = 63%; P < 0.01).ConclusionThe degree of albuminuria lowering with antialbuminuric drugs varies between patients. This variability in response appears drug‐class independent. Identifying which factors determine this initial short‐term variation in drug response appears important since the degree of albuminuria lowering is related to subsequent long‐term renoprotection.
Triggering Mechanisms and Inflammatory Effects of Combustion Exhaust Particles with Implication for Carcinogenesis
Authors: Øvrevik Johan , Refsnes Magne , Låg Marit , Brinchmann Bendik C. , Schwarze Per E. , Holme Jørn A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA number of biological responses may contribute to the carcinogenic effects of combustion‐derived particulate matter (CPM). Here, we focus on mechanisms that trigger CPM‐induced pro‐inflammatory responses. Inflammation has both genotoxic and non‐genotoxic implications and is considered to play a central role in development of various health outcome associated with CPM exposure, including cancer. Chronic, low‐grade inflammation may cause DNA damage through a persistent increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced and released by activated immune cells. Moreover, a number of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and chemokines display mitogenic, motogenic, morphogenic and/or angiogenic properties and may therefore contribute to tumour growth and metastasis. The key triggering events involved in activation of pro‐inflammatory responses by CPM and soluble CPM components can be categorized into (i) formation of ROS and oxidative stress, (ii) interaction with the lipid layer of cellular membranes, (iii) activation of receptors, ion channels and transporters on the cell surface and (iv) interactions with intracellular molecular targets including receptors such as the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). In particular, we will elucidate the effects of diesel exhaust particles (DEP) using human lung epithelial cells as a model system.
Perspectives of water and health using Photovoice with youths living on reserve
Authors: Bradford Lori E. A. , Zagozewski Rebecca , Bharadwaj Lalita A. 
Published: December 2016

Key Messages

We facilitated an opportunity for on‐reserve youth to share perspectives on water and health.
Aesthetics, pollution, technological treatment, and the ubiquitous need for water emerged from the Postervoice methodology.
Encouraging youth to be involved in lateral exchanges to control their collective future by protecting resources contributes to cultural resilience.
The Early Development of Human Aggression
Authors: Hay Dale F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInfants develop the capacity to use force against other people in the first years of life, which gradually transforms into intentional aggression, particularly as they understand possession rights. Individual differences in expressing anger and using force are evident from 6 months and predict later aggressive conduct problems. In contrast, gender differences emerge gradually over early childhood. Toddlers' sparing use of force in interactions with other children is linked to other forms of sociability, but excessive rage and using physical force in infancy predict problematic levels of aggressiveness in later childhood. Acknowledging the early origins of aggression can inform prevention and intervention strategies.
Subpollen particles are rich carriers of major short ragweed allergens and NADH dehydrogenases: quantitative proteomic and allergomic study
Authors: Smiljanic K. , Apostolovic D. , Trifunovic S. , Ognjenovic J. , Perusko M. , Mihajlovic L. , Burazer L. , van Hage M. , Cirkovic Velickovic T. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryBackgroundShort ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) allergies affect more than 36 million people annually. Ragweed pollen grains release subpollen particles (SPP) of respirable size upon hydration or a change in air electrical conditions. The aim of this study was to characterize the proteomes and allergomes of short ragweed SPP and total pollen protein extract (TOT), and compare their effects with those of standard aqueous pollen protein extract (APE) using sera from short ragweed pollen‐sensitized patients.MethodsQuantitative 2D gel‐based and shotgun proteomics, 1D and 2D immunoblotting, and quantitative ELISA were applied. Novel SPP extraction and preparation protocols enabled appropriate sample preparation and further downstream analysis by quantitative proteomics.ResultsThe SPP fraction contained the highest proportion (94%) of the allergome, with the largest quantities of the minor Amb a 4 and major Amb a 1 allergens, and as unique, NADH dehydrogenases. APE was the richest in Amb a 6, Amb a 5 and Amb a 3, and TOT fraction was the richest in the Amb a 8 allergens (89% and 83% of allergome, respectively). Allergenic potency correlated well among the three fractions tested, with 1D immunoblots demonstrating a slight predominance of IgE reactivity to SPP compared to TOT and APE. However, the strongest IgE binding in ELISA was noted against APE. New allergenic candidates, phosphoglycerate mutase and phosphoglucomutase, were identified in all the three pollen fractions. Enolase, UTP‐glucose‐1‐phosphate uridylyltransferase and polygalacturonase were observed in SPP and TOT fractions as novel allergens of the short ragweed pollen, as previously described.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceWe demonstrated that the complete major (Amb a 1 and 11) and almost all minor (Amb a 3, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9) short ragweed pollen allergen repertoire as well as NADH oxidases are present in SPP, highlighting an important role for SPP in allergic sensitization to short ragweed.