bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using ATP tests for assessment of hygiene risks
Authors: Pistelok Franciszek , Pohl Alina , Stuczyński Tomasz , Wiera Bogusław 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Adenosine-5’-triphosphate (ATP) is a high-energy molecule playing a role of universal energy carrier used in cell metabolism. Since ATP is present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, this coenzyme can be used to determine a hygiene state. During last decade there has been a significant growth of practical applications of ATP measurements. ATP tests are commonly used for an assessment of hygienic conditions in food industry, residential buildings and hotels. In comparison with traditional and time-consuming laborious microbial analysis the measurement of ATP provides a quick indicative on-site data, characterizing microbial and organic contamination to support decision-making with regards to adequate corrective and preventive actions. This paper demonstrates applications of ATP in practice and, particularly, in water treatment technology and wastewater processing. The review highlights opportunities for using the test for the optimization of water treatment facilities and pipe networks functioning in order to assess wastewater toxicity and wastewater treatment process efficiency. Other areas of application are also addressed. The review of literature indicates that ATP used in different areas of industry can be considered as a diagnostic method - complement the classical methods - useful for identification of hygiene risks as well as a tool for a real-time management of health and environmental risks.
Temporal variability of sewage sludge heavy metal content from Greek wastewater treatment plants
Authors: Spanos Thomas , Ene Antoaneta , Styliani Patronidou Chrysoula , Xatzixristou Christina 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the temporal variations of selected heavy metals level in anaerobic fermented and dewatered sewage sludge. Sewage sludge samples were collected in different seasons and years from three municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in Northern Greece, in Kavala (Kavala and Palio localities) and Drama (Drama locality) Prefectures. An investigation of the potential of sludge utilization in agriculture was performed, based on the comparison of average total heavy metal concentrations and of chromium species (hexavalent, trivalent) concentrations with the allowed values according to the Council Directive 86/278/EEC and Greek national legislation (Joint Cabinet Decision 80568/4225/91) guidelines. In this regard, all the investigated heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn, Hg) and chromium species Cr(VI) and Cr(III) have average concentrations (dry matter weight) well below the legislated thresholds for soil application, as following: 2.12 mg kg−1 Cd; 103.7 mg kg−1 Cr; 136.4 mg kg−1 Cu; < 0.2 mg kg−1 Hg; 29.1 mg kg−1 Ni; 62.0 mg kg−1 Pb; 1253.2 mg kg−1 Zn; 1.56 mg kg−1 Cr(VI) and 115.7 mg kg−1 Cr(III). Values of relative standard deviation (RSD) indicate a low or moderate temporal variability for domestic-related metals Zn (10.3-14.7%), Pb (27.9-44.5%) and Cu (33.5-34.2%), and high variability for the metals of mixed origin or predominantly resulted from commercial activities, such as Ni (42.4-50.7%), Cd (44.3-85.5%) and Cr (58.2-102.0%). For some elements the seasonal occurrence pattern is the same for Kavala and Palio sludge, as following: a) Cd and Cr: spring>summer>winter; b) Cu, Ni and Pb: winter>spring>summer. On average, in summer months (dry season) metal concentrations are lower than in spring and winter (wet seasons), with the exception of Zn. For Kavala and Palio the results demonstrate that the increased number of inhabitants (almost doubled) in summer time due to tourism does not influence the metal levels in sludge. Comparing the results obtained for similar spring-summer-winter sequences in 2007 and 2010/11 and for the spring season in 2007, 2008 and 2010, it can be noticed that, in general, the average heavy metal contents show an increasing tendency towards the last year. In all the measurement periods, the Palio sludge had the highest metal contents and Kavala sludge the lowest, leading to the conclusion that the WWTP operating process rather than population has a significant effect upon the heavy metal content of sludge. Cr(VI)/Cr(total) concentration ratios are higher for Kavala sludge in the majority of sampling campaigns, followed by Drama and Palio sludge. The metals which present moderate to strong positive correlation have common origin, which could be a domestic-commercial mixed source.
Treatment of industrial wastewater in the sequential membrane bioreactor
Authors: Świerczyńska Anna , Bohdziewicz Jolanta , Puszczało Ewa 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The aim of presented study which was associated with modification of the various work cycle phases duration in the membrane bioreactor, was to reduce the concentration of phosphate phosphorus during the leachate co-treatment with dairy wastewater. The experimental set-up was comprised of the membrane bioreactor equipped with the immersed membrane module installed inside the reactor chamber, and the equalization tank. During the co-treatment experiment performance the excessive activated sludge was constantly removed from the membrane bioreactor in order to keep its concentration at 3.5 g/dm3. The load of the sludge with the contaminants was equal to 0.06 g COD/g d.m. d. The concentration of oxygen was equal to 3 mg/dm3. The share of the leachates in the co-treated mixture was equal to 10% vol. The membrane bioreactor worked as the sequential biological reactor, in two cycles per day. Duration of each phase was equal as follows: filling - 10 min - with concurrent mixing phase lasting for 4 h, aeration phase - 1 h, sedimentation - 30 min and removal from purified wastewater - 30 min. After 4 weeks under these conditions, the modification of the sequential membrane bioreactor’s work cycle was made. The duration of particular phases was shortened and two phases of denitrification and nitrification were introduced. Work cycle phases were modified as follows: filling - 10 min - with concurrent mixing phase lasting for 3 h, aeration phase - 4 h, mixing phase - 1 h, aeration phase - 3 h, sedimentation - 30 min and removal from purified wastewater - 30 min. Based on research, it was found that the change in membrane bioreactors’ work cycle affects the effectiveness of treated mixture. It was found that the applied modification of phases of the cycle of the MSBR did not affect the concentration of organic compounds and the no significant changes in the concentration of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen in the effluent from the bioreactor were observed, however, the total nitrogen removal efficiency increased by 50%. Alteration of MSBR reactor particular phases duration caused reduction of concentration of P-PO4
3 from 4.7 to 2.9 mg/dm3.
Assessment of industrial contamination of agricultural soil adjacent to Sadat City, Egypt
Authors: Badawy Wael , Chepurchenko Olesya Ye. , El Samman Hussein , Frontasyeva Marina V. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Assessment of the environmental impact of El Sadat City, a Cairo satellite, known for its clustered enterprises, on the neighbourhood water supply El Manashi Tawfikia Canal was undertaken through soil analysis. A total of 20 agricultural soil samples were collected along the El Manashi Tawfikia Canal. Neutron activation analysis was implemented to determine heavy metal contents of such elements as As, Ba, Co, Cr, Ni, and Zn. Multivariate statistical analysis was applied to the results obtained. The metal pollution index and enrichment factor were calculated. It was shown that the content of toxic heavy metals in soil samples does not exceed the worldwide-published values, except arsenic which considerably exceeds normalized to the content of the same element in the Upper Continental Crust. The metal pollution index is high compared with the calculated ones for similar soil samples from the Nile Delta, and the enrichment factor varied from moderate to high enrichment (5 < EF > 10).
Specifics of pesticides effects on the phytopathogenic bacteria
Authors: Patyka Volodymyr , Buletsa Natalia , Pasichnyk Lidiya , Zhitkevich Natalia , Kalinichenko Antonina , Gnatiuk Tatiyana , Butsenko Lyudmyla 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The data concerning the effects of pesticides of different nature on the phytopathogenic bacteria was examined and summarized. Without extensive research on the mechanisms of interaction between pathogenic bacteria and pesticides in the literature review a similar message about microorganisms of soil and phyllosphere are included. The bacteria can be suppressed permanently by pesticides with a mechanism of action that universally affects biological processes in living systems. Long-term storage, ease of use and fast visible effect are the advantages of synthetic pesticides remedies. But chemical pollution, shifts in the balance of ecosystems, unpredictable effects of chemical pesticides on non-target objects are the drawbacks. Stimulation of resistance response in plants is unifying factor for all types of biopesticides. This is realized through localization of the pathogen during infection, blocking its further penetration, distribution and reproduction. The results of the study of effects of plant protection products on the phytopathogenic bacteria of main crops are described. Among all tested pesticides, thiocarbamate fungicides demonstrated significant inhibitory action on phytopathogens, but their effect may be neutralized by other constituents of multicomponent preparations. Triazole fungicides affect the causative agents of bacterioses of crops at a dose of more than 1% of the active substance in the nutrient medium. Insecticides and herbicides have little or no effect on phytopathogenic bacteria; however they can enhance morphological dissociations of some Pseudomonas strains, thereby increasing their ability to survive. The disadvantage of many biopesticides against phytopathogenic microorganisms is the difference between their efficacy in vitro and in vivo that is why the desired result is not achieved in field condition. In addition, biological pesticides often lose their activity causing the problem of constant search for new active antagonists. The fact that the sensitivity of phytopathogenic bacteria to pesticides is strain-dependent should be considered in practice, particularly, assessment of the antibacterial action of various preparations should not be limited to a single bacterial strain.
Harmfulness of Septoria carvi Syd. towards caraway and preparations limiting occurrence of fungus
Authors: Zalewska Ewa 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Septoria carvi is an important pathogen of caraway. With the increasing occurrence of septoriosis of caraway during warm and humid growing seasons, the possibility of limiting the growth and development of the fungus was investigated. In vitro studies included 2 preparations of natural origin, ie Biosept Active, Beta-chikol and 12 fungicides from different chemical groups, as well as one isolate K 1806 S. carvi, obtained from caraway. Tests were performed by poisoning the culture media. The percentage of inhibition of the growth of four- and eight-day-old fungus colonies on the medium with preparations in comparison to the control colonies was a measure of the toxic activity of the preparations. The effectiveness of Beta-chikol in limiting S. carvi colony growth was significantly higher than the efficiency of Biosept Active. All tested fungicides limited the growth of the fungus colony and their inhibitory effect increased with the concentration of the active ingredient in the medium. The most effective preparation in vitro was Signum 33 WG, belonging to the strobilurin compounds. In vivo studies investigated the effect of Beta-chikol, Biosept Active and Dithane NeoTec 75 WG on the health of caraway plants. The occurrence of septoriosis was determined basing on the presence of disease symptoms and the mycological analysis of diseased plants. A significant reduction of septoriosis symptoms on plants and plant colonization by the fungus was caused by Biosept Active and Dithane NeoTec 75WG.
Environmental contamination with phthalates and its impact on living organisms
Authors: Przybylińska Paulina A. , Wyszkowski Mirosław 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The relevant literature was reviewed to identify phthalate sources in the environment and problems resulting from phthalate contamination of soil and water. Phthalate properties responsible for their toxicity for living organisms were identified, and the effects of phthalates on humans and animals were described. Special emphasis was placed on the effects of exposure to phthalates on human health. Phthalates are readily released into the environment and create a risk of exposure for humans and other living organisms. They are characterized by reproductive toxicity in humans and animals, they can cause infertility and reproductive problems in males. Phthalates are more toxic in young children, which are much more susceptible to phthalate exposure, including fetal life. Phthalates are used in numerous industries, and they are very difficult to eliminate from our daily surroundings.
Enzyklopädie des Märchens
Authors: Brednich Rolf Wilhelm 
Published: July 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Dieser Forschungsbericht verfolgt die Geschichte der Enzyklopädie des Märchens von ihren Anfängen in Kiel im Jahr 1955 bis zu ihrem Abschluss im Jahr 2015. Nach zwanzig Jahren der Vorbereitung erschien die erste Lieferung dieses Handwörterbuchs zur historischen und vergleichenden Erzählforschung 1975. An den insgesamt 14 Textbänden mit einem Umfang von 10 300 Seiten und 3 900 Artikeln waren unter der Herausgeberschaft von Kurt Ranke (bis 1984) und von Rolf Wilhelm Brednich (1985–2015) und unter der Ägide der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen mehr als 1 000 Autoren aus über fünfzig Ländern beteiligt. 2015 wurde dieses bislang größte volkskundliche Editionsunternehmen nach vierzig Jahren mit dem Registerband 15 abgeschlossen und durch eine internationale Konferenz in der Historischen Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen gewürdigt.
Fulfilling the Grimms' Legacy: The International Mission of the Enzyklopädie des Märchens
Authors: Zipes Jack 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
This paper explores the democratic and scientific heritage of the Enzyklopädie des Märchens in the work of the Brothers Grimm. After analyzing the manifold ways in which the Grimms laid the groundwork for the study of folklore in Germany, I discuss the history of the origins of the Enzyklopädie des Märchens in post World War II Germany and maintain that the Enzyklopädie is a major recuperation of the Grimms' tradition. Without being idealistic or utopian in a simplistic way, an argument can be made for analyzing the entries in the Enzyklopädie as indelible (unabgegolten) traces of relevant cultural articulations that bear witness to the quotidian folklore of past generations of different people mainly throughout Europe but also in other parts of the world. As a democratic gesture, the editors of the Enzyklopädie have made a great effort to include the slightest indication of how storytellers conceived stories to make their lives relevant, whether through oral or printed traditions.
Challenges of Folktale and Fairy-Tale Studies in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Haase Donald 
Published: July 2016

Abstract:
Fascicle by fascicle, volume by volume, over the course of the last forty years, the Enzyklopädie des Märchens (EM) has significantly changed the landscape of folktale and fairy-tale studies. Accompanying the publication of the EM, parallel developments reflected and complemented its influential agenda to promote historical and comparative folk-narrative research. The history of these developments not only illuminates the vitality and interdisciplinary importance that contemporary folktale and fairy-tale studies have achieved; it also helps to identify and explain the challenges we face as we contemplate current research and imagine the field's future. This paper reviews critical developments of the last forty years and then considers how we might come to grips with the ensuing challenge of sustaining, in a responsible way, the comparative study of folktales and fairy tales in a global context.
Gedanken zum Ertrag der Enzyklopädie des Märchens für die religionswissenschaftliche Arbeit
Authors: Frenschkowski Marco 
Published: July 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Die Enzyklopädie des Märchens (EM) hat nicht nur ihre eigene Wissenschaft in einer konsensfähigen und wegweisenden Form definiert, sondern gewinnt damit auch immense Bedeutung für die Nachbarwissenschaften. Das wird an Beispielen aus der exegetischen Bibelwissenschaft und der allgemeinen Religionswissenschaft ausgeführt. Was folgt aus dem durch die EM dokumentierten Material für die Arbeit am Mythos (etwa an Schöpfungsmythen), an Gleichnisgeschichten wie denen der neutestamentlichen Evangelien, oder andererseits für die Arbeit an den Traditionszusammenhängen der phantastisch-imaginativen Literatur, in der sich oft Motive aus älterem Erzählgut „phantastisch“ unter den Rahmenbedingungen der Moderne neu zu Wort melden? Die EM kann wesentlich dazu beitragen, über Zufallsfunde hinaus religiöses Erzählgut in größeren Zusammenhängen wahrzunehmen. Der Beitrag mündet in Erwägungen zu einer künftigen Enzyklopädie des Mythos, in der sich die Programmatik der EM fortsetzen, und in der das mythische bzw. mythologische Traditum der Menschheit gesichtet werden könnte.
The Application of Acoustic Anisotropy to Evaluation of Material Properties
Authors: Krysztofik Józef , Manaj Wojciech , Socha Grzegorz 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Structural properties of materials change under stress, temperature and work environment. These changes are generally unfavorable. They cause a reduction in strength of materials. This has an impact on the safety and service life of machines and constructions.
In the chemical and petrochemical industry the destruction of a structure can be activated by chemical substances. In the energy industry, a key element in assisting the destruction is temperature. In aviation, the typical cause of damage is the process of fatigue. Regardless of the differences regarding/concerning the mechanisms of degradation, typical of the sectors of industry, the end result is the emergence of microvoids and microcracks in the material. In the final phase of the process, dominant cracks are formed.
The term of measure of material damage, introduced by Kachanov and Rabotnow, can be effectively used also when considering the impact of microdamages on measurable macroscopic acoustic quantities. A damage parameter proposed by Johnson allows to correlate changes in acoustic birefringence of the material with the parameter describing the degree of damage.
In this article the authors presented the nondestructive tests results concerning Inconel 718 alloy subjected to damage caused by plastic deformation. This paper focuses on the evaluation of acoustic properties in relation to the degradation of the materials tested.
Composite Aerospace Structure Monitoring with use of Integrated Sensors
Authors: Dragan Krzysztof , Dziendzikowski Michał , Kurnyta Artur , Salacinski Michal , Klysz Sylwester , Leski Andrzej 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
One major challenge confronting the aerospace industry today is to develop a reliable and universal Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system allowing for direct aircraft inspections and maintenance costs reduction. SHM based on guided Lamb waves is an approach capable of addressing this issue and satisfying all the associated requirements. This paper presents an approach to monitoring damage growth in composite aerospace structures and early damage detection. The main component of the system is a piezoelectric transducers (PZT) network integrated with composites. This work describes sensors’ integration with the structure. In particular, some issues concerning the mathematical algorithms giving information about damage from the impact damage presence and its growth are discussed.
Nonlinear Fatigue Damage Accumulation
Authors: Dębski Daniel Krzysztof 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
One important element of any computational fatigue analysis is the adoption of a hypothesis of fatigue damage accumulation. The most commonly used is the hypothesis of linear accumulation of fatigue damage called the Palmgren-Miner hypothesis. This linear hypothesis does not take into account a factor of great importance: the mutual influence of consecutive fatigue load sequences on each other. In the presented paper, only two consecutive load sequences linked by mutual relations have been analyzed and the results of the analysis have been shown. A more complex form which takes into account the full load history would create complex formula difficult to use. Perhaps, we should go in this direction, especially that today we have enormous computing power at our disposal.
The Effect of Environmental Flight Conditions on Damage Propagation in Composite Sandwich Structure
Authors: Synaszko Piotr , Sałaciński Michał , Kornas Łukasz 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the traceability of damage growth caused by inclusions of water in the composite sandwich structure. It was assumed that as a result of temperature changes during the flight and accompanying phase transformation, the zone containing water inclusions increases. The growth is caused by the destruction (mainly the tearing of walls) of the core. As part of the work, this assumption was verified experimentally. For the experiment to be successful it was necessary to simulate actual flight conditions. The simulation involved inducing phase transformations of water in the core cell as a function of time and temperature. Before and after the experiments the non-destructive tests using pulsed thermography were performed. The test results revealed an increase in the number of cells occupied by water. Adequate specimens were designed and manufactured. The study showed that cyclical changes in temperature affected the propagation of water in core sandwich structures. Further, it was found that the increase in the surface area of water-containing inclusions could be monitored using thermographic techniques.
The Definition of the Load Spectrum for SU-22 Fighter-Bomber Full Scale Fatigue Test
Authors: Reymer Piotr , Kurdelski Marcin , Leski Andrzej , Jankowski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The Su-22 fighter-bomber is a military aircraft used in the Polish Air Force since the mid 1980’s. By the decision of the Polish Ministry of Defense the predicted service life for this type of aircraft will be extended to 3200 flight hours. Due to the fact that some aircraft were nearing the end of the service life guaranteed by the manufacturer, the actual service life, determined based on the flight profile in the Polish Air Force, had to be validated. Consequently, the Full Scale Fatigue Test (FSFT) had to be carried out in order to verify that the required service life was attainable.
This article describes the process of preparation of the load spectra used in the Su-22 FSFT. Due to the fact that the Su-22 has a variable sweep wing the whole test was divided into three Stages (landing, flight and flap loads) carried out at different wing sweep angles (30°/45°/30°).
The spectra were developed using the historical data gathered from Flight Data Recorders (FDR), strain signals acquired during the Operational Load Monitoring program (OLM) and aerodynamic calculations.