bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upslope development of a tidal marsh as a function of upland land use
Authors: Anisfeld Shimon C. , Cooper Katharine R. , Kemp Andrew C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTo thrive in a time of rapid sea‐level rise, tidal marshes will need to migrate upslope into adjacent uplands. Yet little is known about the mechanics of this process, especially in urbanized estuaries, where the adjacent upland is likely to be a mowed lawn rather than a wooded natural area. We studied marsh migration in a Long Island Sound salt marsh using detailed hydrologic, edaphic, and biotic sampling along marsh‐to‐upland transects in both wooded and lawn environments. We found that the overall pace of marsh development was largely unaffected by whether the upland being invaded was lawn or wooded, but the marsh‐edge plant communities that developed in these two environments were quite different, and some indicators (soil salinity, foraminifera) appeared to migrate more easily into lawns. In addition, we found that different aspects of marsh structure and function migrated at different rates: Wetland vegetation appeared to be a leading indicator of marsh migration, while soil characteristics such as redox potential and surface salinity developed later in the process. We defined a ‘hydrologic migration zone’, consisting of elevations that experience tidal inundation with frequencies ranging from 20% to 0.5% of high tides. This hydrologically defined zone – which extended to an elevation higher than the highest astronomical tide datum – captured the biotic and edaphic marsh‐upland ecotone. Tidal inundation at the upper border of this migration zone is highly variable over time and may be rising more rapidly than mean sea level. Our results indicate that land management practices at the upland periphery of tidal marshes can facilitate or impede ecosystem migration in response to rising sea level. These findings are applicable to large areas of tidal marsh along the U.S. Atlantic coast and in other urbanized coastal settings.
Inhibitor development in previously untreated patients with severe haemophilia A: a nationwide multicentre study in Finland
Authors: Vepsäläinen K. , Lassila R. , Arola M. , Huttunen P. , Koskinen S. , Ljung R. , Lähteenmäki P. , Möttönen M. , Riikonen P. 
Published: June 2016

IntroductionCurrently the most serious treatment complication of haemophilia is the inhibitor development (ID), i.e. neutralizing antibody development.AimThis nationwide multicentre study in Finland evaluated the incidence and risk factors of ID in previously untreated patients (PUPs) with severe haemophilia A (FVIII:C < 0.01 IU mL−1).MethodsWe enrolled all PUPs (N = 62) born between June 1994 and May 2013 with at least 75 exposure days (EDs) to screen ID during follow‐up extending to September 2013.ResultsThirteen ID (21% of 62) occurred; 10 (16% of 62) with high titre. Fifty‐one patients (82%) were on primary prophylaxis (regular prophylaxis before the age of 2 and before the first joint bleed) from the median age of 11.4 months, 90% via a central venous access device. The initial product was rFVIII in 63% and pd‐FVIII in 37%, moreover in 24% pd‐FVIII was switched to rFVIII concentrate during the 75 EDs. Non‐transient inhibitors developed in 9/51 (17.6%; 13.7% high titre) children with primary and in 4/11 (36.4%; 27.3% high titre) patients with secondary prophylaxis (P = 0.24). Overall, 74% had a high‐risk genotype similarly distributed among the prophylaxis groups. The history of a major bleed enhanced ID (aHR, 4.0; 95% CI, 1.2–13.7), whereas FVIII treatment intensity or source and early implantation of ports did not increase ID risk.ConclusionThe cumulative incidence of ID was low notwithstanding prevalent high‐risk mutations. Despite patient‐related risk factors, our management involving early intensive primary prophylaxis via ports helps to prevent bleeds and lower the incidence of inhibitors.
Expression analysis of activated protein kinase C gene (LACK1) in antimony sensitive and resistant Leishmania tropica clinical isolates using real‐time RT‐PCR
Authors: Hajjaran Homa , Kazemi‐Rad Elham , Mohebali Mehdi , Oshaghi Mohammad A. , Khadem‐Erfan Mohammad B. , Hajaliloo Elham , Reisi Nafchi Hossein , Raoofian Reza 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundResistance to pentavalent antimonial drugs has become a serious problem in the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in some endemic areas. Investigations on molecular markers involved in drug resistance are essential for monitoring of the disease. Leishmania‐activated C kinase gene (LACK1) is involved in multiple central processes such as signal transduction. According to the probable role of the LACK1 gene in antimony resistance, we used real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to investigate the expression of this gene in clinical L. tropica strains, which were resistant or sensitive to meglumine antimoniate.MethodsWe analyzed the expression level of LACK in 18 sensitive and 14 resistant L. tropica isolates collected from patients with anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis. After cDNA synthesis, gene expression analysis was performed by quantitative real‐time PCR using SYBR Green. In addition, the full length of the LACK gene from six reference strains was cloned and sequenced then deposited in the NCBI database to confirm our strains.ResultsReal‐time reverse transcription‐PCR revealed that the average RNA expression level of LACK in isolates from unresponsive and responsive patients were 0.479 and 4.583, respectively, and expression of LACK was significantly downregulated (9.56‐fold) in resistant isolates compared to sensitive ones.ConclusionResults of the present study suggest the probable role of the LACK gene in antimony resistance. Moreover, it can be considered as a potential marker for monitoring antimony resistance in clinical isolates. However, further studies are required to exploit the biological functions of it in antimony resistance.
Physicochemical properties and storage stability of spray‐dried soya bean sprout extract
Authors: Lee Dae‐Hoon , Park Hye‐Mi , No Hong Kyoon , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon , Hong Joo‐Heon 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAmylase is a very important enzyme due to its wide food applications. To preserve amylase activity in soya bean sprout extract (SSE), SSEs were spray‐dried with 10% maltodextrin and 0–3% alginic acids, and their physicochemical properties and storage stability were compared with freeze‐dried one. SSE exhibited maximum amylase activity at pH 7.0 and 60 °C, with the most active substrate specificity towards soluble starch. Spray‐dried SSEs exhibited higher water solubility index (WSI) and in vitro relative amylase activity but lower water vapour sorption (WVS) and smaller particle size than freeze‐dried SSE. For spray‐dried SSEs, particle size, WSI and in vitro relative amylase activity increased while WVS decreased with increasing % alginic acid. This study demonstrated that spray drying of SSE, especially with 10% maltodextrin and 2% alginic acid, was effective in keeping amylase active and stable during 7‐week storage at room temperature (25 °C).
Molecular analysis of complex cases of alpha‐ and beta‐thalassemia in Mexican mestizo patients with microcytosis and hypochromia reveals two novel alpha0‐thalassemia deletions ‐ ‐Mex1and ‐ ‐Mex2
Authors: de‐la‐Cruz‐Salcedo E. I. , Ibarra B. , Rizo‐de‐la‐Torre L. C. , Sánchez‐López J. Y. , González‐Mercado A. , Harteveld C. L. , Perea‐Díaz F. J. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIntroductionAlpha‐thalassemia (α‐thal) is a common monogenic disorder worldwide. In mixed ethnic populations, α‐thal and beta‐thalassemia (β‐thal) can be expected, sometimes giving complex phenotypes, which without molecular analysis are not easily explained. We performed the molecular identification of α‐ and β‐thal alleles in 51 Mexican patients with microcytosis, hypochromia, and normal or low levels of HbA2.MethodsCommon deletional alleles (‐α3.7, ‐α4.2, ‐ ‐SEA, ‐ ‐MED, ‐ ‐FIL, ‐ ‐THAI, ‐α20.5) and α‐triplication were studied by gap‐PCRand nondeletional alleles (αIVSI(−5nt), α2NcoI, α1NcoI) byARMS. β‐thal alleles Cd39 (C>T),IVS1:1 (G>A),IVS1:110 (G>A), and Spanish δβ‐thal were also investigated.DNAsequencing was performed onHBA2,HBA1, andHBBgenes. Negative samples were subjected toMLPA.ResultsIn 35 subjects, we identified the mutations, ‐α3.7, ‐ ‐SEA, ‐ ‐FIL, αIVSI(−5nt), and αααanti3.7and two novel deletion alleles ‐ ‐Mex1(6.8–8.9 kb) and ‐ ‐Mex2(77.6–135.7 kb). Four individuals also had a β‐thal allele (Cd39/IVS1:110). No α‐thal alleles were observed in 16 subjects, but three had a β‐thal mutation Cd39,IVS1:110, and Spanish δβ‐thal.Conclusionα‐thal is relatively common in Mexican patients, the combination with β‐thal is sometimes unexpected, and this underlines the importance of performing molecular analysis for both α‐ and β‐genes defects in patients showing microcytic hypochromic anemia.
Optimizing the Homogenizer‐Assisted Extraction (HAE) of Total Phenolic Compounds from Banana Peel
Authors: Pereira Gustavo Araujo , Molina Gustavo , Arruda Henrique Silvano , Pastore Glaucia Maria 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHomogenizer‐assisted extraction (HAE) was employed in the recovery of total phenolic compounds (TPC) from banana peel. The effects of ethanol concentration (20–70%, v/v, EC) and the solid–solvent ratio (2.5–7.5%, w/v, SSR) on the TPC extraction from banana peel were evaluated using response surface methodology. The best TPC extraction conditions from banana peel were defined as ethanol concentration of 54% (v/v) and solid–solvent ratio of 7.5% (w/v). The HAE in optimum conditions was able to extract a high TPC content (2.44 g GAE/100 g dw) from banana peel with just 30 s of extraction. In addition, the extract showed high antioxidant activity in the different assays used (DPPH IC50, TEAC and T‐ORACFL). HAE can be employed in the safe, fast and low environmental impact extraction of antioxidant compounds from plant material. Furthermore, banana peels can be considered as a renewable and low‐cost source of antioxidant compounds.Practical ApplicationsExtraction of antioxidants from banana peel using HAE presents more potential than traditional extraction methods, due to a lot of decrease of extraction time (30 s), low energy expenditure as the system is not heated and also the use of GRAS solvent (water : ethanol). The banana peel extract obtained in optimal conditions presents high potential, for example, it can be applied as preservatives in the food and beverage, besides others uses in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The banana peel is a cheap plant material and available throughout the year; therefore, it is an excellent raw material for the extraction of natural compounds. The use of banana peel to obtain antioxidant extracts is a practical alternative for increasing the value of this by‐product.
Association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease among postmenopausal Indian women
Authors: Richa  , R Yashoda , Puranik Manjunath P. , Shrivastava Amit 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to determine the association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease among postmenopausal Indian women.MethodsA cross‐sectional comparative study was conducted among postmenopausal women aged 45–65 years attending various hospitals in Bangalore, India. The examination was performed using the plaque index, gingival index, modified sulcus bleeding index, and community periodontal index. The women then underwent a bone mineral density (BMD) test using an ultrasonometer. Based on the BMD scores, participants were divided into osteoporotic and non‐osteoporotic groups. For the statistical analysis, χ2‐test, Student's t‐test, and multiple regression analysis were applied.ResultsThe mean plaque, gingival, and bleeding scores were significantly higher among osteoporotic women (1.83 ± 0.47, 1.73 ± 0.49, 1.82 ± 0.52) compared to the non‐osteoporotic women (1.31 ± 0.40, 1.09 ± 0.52, 1.25 ± 0.50). The mean number of sextants affected for codes 3 and 4 of the community periodontal index and codes 1, 2, and 3 of loss of attachment were significantly higher among osteoporotic group compared to the non‐osteoporotic group. Multiple logistic regression tests confirmed the statistically‐significant association between osteoporosis and menopause duration, loss of attachment, bleeding, and gingivitis scores.ConclusionsSkeletal BMD is related to clinical attachment loss, bleeding, and gingivitis, which suggests that there is an association between osteoporosis and periodontal diseases.
Functional interaction between Lypd6 and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Arvaniti Maria , Jensen Majbrit M. , Soni Neeraj , Wang Hong , Klein Anders B. , Thiriet Nathalie , Pinborg Lars H. , Muldoon Pretal P. , Wienecke Jacob , Imad Damaj M. , Kohlmeier Kristi A. , Gondré‐Lewis Marjorie C. , Mikkelsen Jens D. , Thomsen Morten S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) affect multiple physiological functions in the brain and their functions are modulated by regulatory proteins of the Lynx family. Here, we report for the first time a direct interaction of the Lynx protein LY6/PLAUR domain‐containing 6 (Lypd6) with nAChRs in human brain extracts, identifying Lypd6 as a novel regulator of nAChR function. Using protein cross‐linking and affinity purification from human temporal cortical extracts, we demonstrate that Lypd6 is a synaptically enriched membrane‐bound protein that binds to multiple nAChR subtypes in the human brain. Additionally, soluble recombinant Lypd6 protein attenuates nicotine‐induced hippocampal inward currents in rat brain slices and decreases nicotine‐induced extracellular signal‐regulated kinase phosphorylation in PC12 cells, suggesting that binding of Lypd6 is sufficient to inhibit nAChR‐mediated intracellular signaling. We further show that perinatal nicotine exposure in rats (4 mg/kg/day through minipumps to dams from embryonic day 7 to post‐natal day 21) significantly increases Lypd6 protein levels in the hippocampus in adulthood, which did not occur after exposure to nicotine in adulthood only. Our findings suggest that Lypd6 is a versatile inhibitor of cholinergic signaling in the brain, and that Lypd6 is dysregulated by nicotine exposure during early development.
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Regulatory proteins of the Lynx family modulate the function of nicotinic receptors (nAChRs). We report for the first time that the Lynx protein Lypd6 binds to nAChRs in human brain extracts, and that recombinant Lypd6 decreases nicotine‐induced ERK phosphorylation and attenuates nicotine‐induced hippocampal inward currents. Our findings suggest that Lypd6 is a versatile inhibitor of cholinergic signaling in the brain.
Spatially dense morphometrics of craniofacial sexual dimorphism in 1‐year‐olds
Authors: Matthews Harold , Penington Tony , Saey Ine , Halliday Jane , Muggli Evelyn , Claes Peter 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRecent advances in the field of geometric morphometrics allow for powerful statistical hypothesis testing for effects of biological and environmental variables on anatomical shape. This study used partial least‐squares regression (PLSR) and the recently developed bootstrapped response‐based imputation modelling (BRIM) algorithm to test for sexual dimorphism in the craniofacial shape of 1‐year‐old humans. We observed a recession of the forehead in boys relative to girls, and differences in the nose, consistent with adult dimorphism. Results also suggest that the degree to which individuals express dimorphic traits is continuous throughout the population. This is also seen in adult dimorphism but in 1‐year‐olds the amount of overlap between groups is much higher, indicating the strength of dimorphism between sexes is lower. Our results demonstrate early sexual dimorphism that is not attributable to the influx of sex hormones at puberty. This highlights the need to look at very early ontogeny for the origins of sexual dimorphism. We suggest that future work look at potential mediating effects of this early dimorphism on the later impact of puberty. The subtle shape differences we have detected, may also be applied to sexing fossilised crania. A common artefact in 3D images of faces of young children is that they often have their mouths open to varying degrees, introducing variability in the data unrelated to anatomy. We describe two PLSR‐based methods of correcting this. These methods may facilitate surgical planning and assessment of young children based on 3D images.
Long‐Term Developmental Changes in Children's Lower‐Order Big Five Personality Facets
Authors: de Haan Amaranta , De Pauw Sarah , van den Akker Alithe , Deković Maja , Prinzie Peter 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined long‐term developmental changes in mother‐rated lower‐order facets of children's Big Five dimensions.MethodTwo independent community samples covering early childhood (2–4.5 years; N = 365, 39% girls) and middle childhood to the end of middle adolescence (6–17 years; N = 579, 50% girls) were used. All children had the Belgian nationality. Developmental changes were examined using cohort‐sequential latent growth modeling on the 18 facets of the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children.ResultsIn early childhood, changes were mostly similar across child gender. Between 2 and 4.5 years, several facets showed mean‐level stability; others changed in the direction of less Extraversion and Emotional Stability, and more Benevolence and Imagination. The lower‐order facets of Conscientiousness showed opposite changes. Gender differences became more apparent from middle childhood onward for facets of all dimensions except Imagination, for which no gender differences were found. Between 6 and 17 years, same‐dimension facets showed different shapes of growth. Facets that changed linearly changed mostly in the direction of less Extraversion, Benevolence, Conscientiousness, Emotional Stability, and Imagination. Changes in facets for which nonlinear growth was found generally moved in direction or magnitude during developmental transitions.ConclusionThis study provides comprehensive, fine‐grained knowledge about personality development during the first two decades of life.
THE IMPACT OF COMMUTING TIME ON YOUTH'S SCHOOL PERFORMANCE
Authors: Tigre Robson , Sampaio Breno , Menezes Tatiane 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTUsing Brazilian data, we estimate the impact of commuting duration on students' performance using distance to closest schools as an instrumental variable. In addition, we also use identification through heteroskedasticity, which does not rely on exclusion restrictions, and estimate bounds for the treatment effect in case there is remaining bias from unobservables. We find strong and consistent evidence that duration of commuting has a negative causal effect on academic achievement. Moreover, the relatively small heterogeneity across quantiles of test score makes us believe that public transportation policies targeted at students can promote education not only for those less well‐off.
Oral administration of Japanese sake yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae sake) promotes non‐rapid eye movement sleep in mice via adenosine A2A receptors
Authors: Nakamura Yoshitaka , Midorikawa Tatsuyuki , Monoi Noriyuki , Kimura Eriko , Murata‐Matsuno Ayumi , Sano Tomomi , Oka Kengo , Sugafuji Toshihiro , Uchiyama Akira , Murakoshi Michiaki , Sugiyama Keikichi , Nishino Hoyoku , Urade Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWe have demonstrated previously that Japanese sake yeast improves sleep quality in humans. In the present study, we examined the molecular mechanisms of sake yeast to induce sleep by monitoring locomotor activity, electromyogram and electroencephalogram in mice. Oral administration of Japanese sake yeast (100, 200, and 300 mg kg−1) decreased the locomotor activity by 18, 46 and 59% and increased the amount of non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep by 1.5‐, 2.3‐ and 2.4‐fold (to 37 ± 6, 57 ± 8, and 60 ± 4 min from 25 ± 6 min in the vehicle‐administered group, respectively) in a dose‐dependent manner for 4 h after oral administration. However, Japanese sake yeast did not change the amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, the electroencephalogram power density during NREM sleep or show any adverse effects, such as rebound of insomnia, during 24 h postadministration and on the next day. An intraperitoneal pretreatment with an adenosine A2A receptor‐selective antagonist, ZM241385 (15 mg kg−1), reduced the amount of NREM sleep of sake yeast‐administered mice to the basal level, without changing basal amount of sleep. Conversely, an A1 receptor‐selective antagonist, 8‐cyclopentyltheophylline (10 mg kg−1), did not affect the sleep‐promoting effect of Japanese sake yeast. Thus, Japanese sake yeast promotes NREM sleep via activation of adenosine A2A but not A1 receptors.
When discussion between eyewitnesses helps memory
Authors: Vredeveldt Annelies , Groen Robin N. , Ampt Juliette E. , van Koppen Peter J. 
Published: June 2016

PurposePolice interviewers are typically instructed to prevent eyewitnesses from talking to each other, because witnesses can contaminate each other's memory. Previous research has not fully examined, however, how discussion between witnesses affects correct and incorrect recall of witnessed events. We conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses to explore the influence of co‐witness discussion in more detail.MethodsWitnesses were interviewed individually or in pairs about a videotaped violent event. We conducted individual interviews prior to collaboration (to obtain an independent record of what individuals remembered) and after collaboration (to assess whether collaboration subsequently triggered new memories).ResultsPairs that were interviewed together (collaborative pairs) remembered just as much correct information overall as pairs interviewed individually (nominal pairs), but collaborative pairs made significantly fewer errors. We found evidence of retrieval disruption during the discussion (i.e., collaborative pairs omitted significantly more old information during the second interview than nominal pairs) but also of a delayed cross‐cuing effect (i.e., collaborative pairs reported significantly more new information in the final interview than nominal pairs). Pairs who used more content‐focused retrieval strategies during the discussion (acknowledgements, repetitions, restatements, and elaborations) reported significantly more information.ConclusionsThe current findings suggest that, under certain conditions, discussion between eyewitnesses can help rather than hurt memory. Theoretical and practical implications will be discussed.
Mismatch and the Forecasting Performance of Matching Functions
Authors: Hutter Christian , Weber Enzo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the role of structural imbalance between job seekers and job openings for the forecasting performance of a labour market matching function. Starting from a Cobb–Douglas matching function with constant returns to scale (CRS) in each frictional micro market shows that on the aggregate level, a measure of mismatch is a crucial ingredient of the matching function and hence should not be ignored for forecasting hiring figures. Consequently, we allow the matching process to depend on the level of regional, qualificatory and occupational mismatch between unemployed and vacancies. In pseudo out‐of‐sample tests that account for the nested model environment, we find that forecasting models enhanced by a measure of mismatch significantly outperform their benchmark counterparts for all forecast horizons ranging between one month and a year. This is especially pronounced during and in the aftermath of the Great Recession where a low level of mismatch improved the possibility of unemployed to find a job again. The results show that imposing CRS helps improve forecast accuracy compared to unrestricted models.