bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiences of food abstinence in patients with type 2 diabetes: a qualitative study
Authors: Buchmann Maike , Wermeling Matthias , Lucius-Hoene Gabriele , Himmel Wolfgang 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivePeople with type 2 diabetes often report pressure to abstain from many of life's pleasures. We tried to reconstruct these patients’ sense of pressure to better understand how people with diabetes make sense of, and integrate, these feelings into their life.Design, setting and participantsA secondary analysis of narrative interviews with 14 patients with type 2 diabetes who are part of a website project.Main outcome measuresGrounded theory-based analysis of narrative interviews, consisting of open, axial and selective coding.ResultsPeople with type 2 diabetes felt obliged to give up many pleasures and live a life of abstinence. They perceived a pressure to display a modest culinary lifestyle via improved laboratory test results and weight. Their verbal efforts to reassure and distance themselves from excessiveness indicate a high moral pressure. With regard to the question of how to abstain, food and behaviour were classified into healthy and unhealthy. Personal rules sometimes led to surprising experiences of freedom.ConclusionsPeople with diabetes have internalised that their behaviour is a barrier to successful treatment. They experience an intensive pressure to show abstinence and feel misjudged when their efforts have no visible effect. Taking into account this moral pressure, and listening to patients’ personal efforts and strategies to establish healthy behaviours, might help to build a trusting relationship with healthcare providers.
Research protocol for a diagnostic study of non-invasive exhaled breath analysis for the prediction of oesophago-gastric cancer
Authors: Markar Sheraz R , Lagergren Jesper , Hanna George B 
Published: January 2016

IntroductionDespite improvements in a range of chemo, radio and surgical therapies, the overall survival at 5 years from oesophago-gastric cancer remains poor and ranges from 10% to 30%. Early diagnosis is a key strategy to improve survival but early disease stage has non-specific symptoms that are very common while the warning clinical picture often indicates advanced disease. The aim of this research is to validate a breath test to predict oesophago-gastric cancer therefore allowing earlier diagnosis and introduction of treatment.Methods and analysisThe study will include 325 patients and be conducted across four major oesophago-gastric cancer centres in London, UK. This research will utilise selected ion flow-tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) exhaled breath analysis, for comparison of predicted cancer risk based on the previously developed volatile organic compound exhaled breath model, with endoscopic findings and histology biopsies. This will determine the overall diagnostic accuracy for non-invasive breath testing for the diagnosis of oesophago-gastric cancer.Ethics and DisseminationApproval was gained from NRES Committee London, on 16 July 2014 (REC reference 14/LO/1136) for the completion of this study. Different methods of dissemination will be employed including international clinical and patient group presentations, and publication of research outputs in a high-impact clinical journal. This is to ensure that the findings from this research will reach patients, primary care practitioners, scientists, hospital specialists in gastroenterology, oncology and surgery, health policymakers and commissioners as well as NHS regulatory bodies.Trials registration numberUKCRN18063; Pre-results.
Clustered randomised controlled trial of two education interventions designed to increase physical activity and well-being of secondary school students: the MOVE Project
Authors: Tymms Peter B , Curtis Sarah E , Routen Ash C , Thomson Katie H , Bolden David S , Bock Susan , Dunn Christine E , Cooper Ashley R , Elliott Julian G , Moore Helen J , Summerbell Carolyn D , Tiffin Paul A , Kasim Adetayo S 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of 2 interventions in improving the physical activity and well-being of secondary school children.DesignA clustered randomised controlled trial; classes, 1 per school, were assigned to 1 of 3 intervention arms or a control group based on a 2×2 factorial design. The interventions were peer-mentoring and participative learning. Year 7 children (aged 11–12) in the peer-mentoring intervention were paired with year 9 children for 6 weekly mentoring meetings. Year 7 children in the participative learning arm took part in 6 weekly geography lessons using personalised physical activity and Global Positioning System (GPS) data. Year 7 children in the combined intervention received both interventions, with the year 9 children only participating in the mentoring sessions.Participants1494 year 7 students from 60 schools in the North of England took part in the trial. Of these, 43 students opted out of taking part in the evaluation measurements, 2 moved teaching group and 58 changed school. Valid accelerometry outcome data were collected for 892 students from 53 schools; and well-being outcome data were available for 927 students from 52 schools.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were mean minutes of accelerometer-measured moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity per day, and well-being as evaluated by the KIDSCREEN-27 questionnaire. These data were collected 6 weeks after the intervention; a 12-month follow-up is planned.ResultsNo significant effects (main or interaction) were observed for the outcomes. However, small positive differences were found for both outcomes for the participative learning intervention.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the 2 school-based interventions did not modify levels of physical activity or well-being within the period monitored. Change in physical activity may require more comprehensive individual behavioural intervention, and/or more system-based efforts to address wider environmental influences such as family, peers, physical environment, transport and educational policy.Trial registration numberISRCTN82956355.
Glacial history of the Maritime Alps from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Little Ice Age
Authors: Federici Paolo Roberto , Ribolini Adriano , Spagnolo Matteo 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A complete sequence of glacial deposits and moraines within the same valley system in the Maritime Alps, spanning from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to the Little Ice Age is presented. The sequence is geomorphologically and morphostratigraphically coherent and most stadials have been chronologically constrained by their cosmogenic exposure ages, lichenometry and by correlation with radiocarbon-dated moraines in neighbouring valleys. The shape, extent and thickness of the palaeoglaciers at each stadial have also been reconstructed and their equilibrium line altitude calculated. The LGM moraine of the Gesso Basin bears a similar equilibrium line altitude and age to that of other LGM moraines across the Alps. The recognized Late-glacial stadials show strong similarities with the corresponding stadials of the central–eastern Alpine valleys, such as Gschnitz, Bühl, Daun and Egesen. The recalculation of the exposure ages of moraine boulders with a new production rate better defines the LGM (24.0 ka) and the Egesen Stadial (13.0 ka), while the Bühl Stadial (18.5 ka) is dated for the first time in the Alps. Three early Holocene glacial advances are defined and correlated to the Kartell, Kromer and Göschenen I stadials, widely recognized in other Alpine sectors. Lichenometric dates indicate a three-fold oscillation during the Little Ice Age (thirteenth, seventeenth and nineteenth centuries).
The theropod that wasn't: an ornithopod tracksite from the Helvetiafjellet Formation (Lower Cretaceous) of Boltodden, Svalbard
Authors: Hurum Jørn H. , Druckenmiller Patrick S. , Hammer Øyvind , Nakrem Hans A. , Olaussen Snorre 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

We re-examine a Lower Cretaceous dinosaur tracksite at Boltodden in the Kvalvågen area, on the east coast of Spitsbergen, Svalbard. The tracks are preserved in the Helvetiafjellet Formation (Barremian). A sedimentological characterization of the site indicates that the tracks formed on a beach/margin of a lake or interdistributary bay, and were preserved by flooding. In addition to the two imprints already known from the site, we describe at least 34 additional, previously unrecognized pes and manus prints, including one trackway. Two pes morphotypes and one manus morphotype are recognized. Given the range of morphological variation and the presence of manus tracks, we reinterpret all the prints as being from an ornithopod rather than a theropod, as previously described. We assign the smaller (morphotype A, pes; morphotype B, manus) to
Caririchnium billsarjeanti
. The larger (morphotype C, pes) track is assigned to
Caririchnium
sp., differing in size and interdigital angle from the two described ichnospecies
C
.
burreyi
and
C
.
billsarjeanti
. The occurrence of a quadrupedal, small to medium-sized ornithopod in Svalbard is puzzling, considering the current palaeogeographical reconstructions and that such dinosaur tracks have mainly been described from Europe but not North America.
Symmetry-Agnostic Coordinated Management of the Memory Hierarchy in Multicore Systems
Authors: Zhou Miao , Du Yu , Childers Bruce , Mosse Daniel , Melhem Rami 
Published: January 2016

In a multicore system, many applications share the last-level cache (LLC) and memory bandwidth. These resources need to be carefully managed in a coordinated way to maximize performance. DRAM is still the technology of choice in most systems. However, as traditional DRAM technology faces energy, reliability, and scalability challenges, nonvolatile memory (NVM) technologies are gaining traction. While DRAM is read/write symmetric (a read operation has comparable latency and energy consumption as a write operation), many NVM technologies (such as Phase-Change Memory, PCM) experience read/write asymmetry: write operations are typically much slower and more power hungry than read operations. Whether the memory’s characteristics are symmetric or asymmetric influences the way shared resources are managed.
We propose two symmetry-agnostic schemes to manage a shared LLC through way partitioning and memory through bandwidth allocation. The proposals work well for both symmetric and asymmetric memory. First, an exhaustive search is proposed to find the best combination of a cache way partition and bandwidth allocation. Second, an approximate scheme, derived from a theoretical model, is proposed without the overhead of exhaustive search. Simulation results show that the approximate scheme improves weighted speedup by at least 14% on average (regardless of the memory symmetry) over a state-of-the-art way partitioning and memory bandwidth allocation. Simulation results also show that the approximate scheme achieves comparable weighted speedup as a state-of-the-art multiple resource management scheme, XChange, for symmetric memory, and outperforms it by an average of 10% for asymmetric memory.
A realisation of ethical concerns with smartphone personal health monitoring apps
Authors: Jiya Tilimbe 
Published: January 2016

The pervasiveness of smartphones has facilitated a new way in which owners of devices can monitor their health using applications (apps) that are installed on their smartphones. Smartphone personal health monitoring (SPHM) collects and stores health related data of the user either locally or in a third party storing mechanism. They are also capable of giving feedback to the user of the app in response to conditions that are provided to the app therefore empowering the user to actively make decisions to adjust their lifestyle.
Regardless of the benefits that this new innovative technology offers to its users, there are some ethical concerns to the user of SPHM apps. These ethical concerns are in some way connected to the features of SPHM apps. From a literature survey, this paper attempts to recognize ethical issues with personal health monitoring apps on smartphones, viewed in light of general ethics of ubiquitous computing. The paper argues that there are ethical concerns with the use of SPHM apps regardless of the benefits that the technology offers to users due to SPHM apps' ubiquity leaving them open to known and emerging ethical concerns. The paper then propose a need for further empirical research to validate the claim.
Selective Inhibition of Oncogenic KRAS Output with Small Molecules Targeting the Inactive State
Authors: Patricelli Matthew P. , Janes Matthew R. , Li Lian-Sheng , Hansen Rasmus , Peters Ulf , Kessler Linda V. , Chen Yuching , Kucharski Jeff M. , Feng Jun , Ely Tess , Chen Jeffrey H. , Firdaus Sarah J. , Babbar Anjali , Ren Pingda , Liu Yi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractKRAS gain-of-function mutations occur in approximately 30% of all human cancers. Despite more than 30 years of KRAS-focused research and development efforts, no targeted therapy has been discovered for cancers with KRAS mutations. Here, we describe ARS-853, a selective, covalent inhibitor of KRASG12C that inhibits mutant KRAS–driven signaling by binding to the GDP-bound oncoprotein and preventing activation. Based on the rates of engagement and inhibition observed for ARS-853, along with a mutant-specific mass spectrometry–based assay for assessing KRAS activation status, we show that the nucleotide state of KRASG12C is in a state of dynamic flux that can be modulated by upstream signaling factors. These studies provide convincing evidence that the KRASG12C mutation generates a “hyperexcitable” rather than a “statically active” state and that targeting the inactive, GDP-bound form is a promising approach for generating novel anti-RAS therapeutics.Significance: A cell-active, mutant-specific, covalent inhibitor of KRASG12C is described that targets the GDP-bound, inactive state and prevents subsequent activation. Using this novel compound, we demonstrate that KRASG12C oncoprotein rapidly cycles bound nucleotide and responds to upstream signaling inputs to maintain a highly active state. Cancer Discov; 6(3); 316–29. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Westover et al., p. 233.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 217
Ankle-Brachial Index and cardiovascular events in atrial fibrillation
Authors: Davi Giovanni , Proietti Marco , Pastori Daniele , Hiatt William R. , Corazza Gino Roberto , Perticone Francesco , Pignatelli Pasquale , Farcomeni Alessio , Vestri Anna Rita , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Basili Stefania , Violi Francesco ,   The ARAPACIS (Atrial Fibrillation Registry for Ankle-Brachial Index Prevalence Assessment-Collaborative Italian Study) STUDY Investigators
Published: January 2016

SummaryAtrial fibrillation (AF) patients are at high risk for thrombotic and vascular events related to their cardiac arrhythmia and underlying systemic atherosclerosis. Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) is a non-invasive tool in evaluating systemic atherosclerosis, useful in predicting cardiovascular events in general population; no data are available in AF patients. ARAPACIS is a prospective multicentre observational study performed by the Italian Society of Internal Medicine, analysing association between low ABI (≤0.90) and vascular events in NVAF out- or in-patients, enrolled in 136 Italian centres. A total of 2,027 non-valvular AF (NVAF) patients aged > 18 years from both sexes followed for a median time of 34.7 (interquartile range: 22.0–36.0) months, yielding a total of 4,614 patient-years of observation. Mean age was 73 ± 10 years old with 55% male patients. A total of 176 patients (8.7%) experienced a vascular event, with a cumulative incidence of 3.81%/patient-year. ABI≤ 0.90 was more prevalent in patients with a vascular event compared with patients free of vascular events (32.2 vs 20.2%, p< 0.05). On Cox proportional hazard analysis, ABI≤ 0.90 was an independent predictor of vascular events (hazard ratio (HR): 1.394, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.042–1.866; p=0.02), vascular death (HR: 2.047, 95% CI: 1.255-3.338; p=0.004) and MI (HR: 2.709, 95%> CI: 1.485-5.083; p=0.001). This latter association was also confirmed after excluding patients with previous MI (HR: 2.901, 95% CI: 1.408-5.990, p=0.004). No association was observed between low ABI and stroke/transient ischaemic attack (p=0.91). In conclusion, low ABI is useful to predict MI and vascular death in NVAF patients and may independently facilitate cardiovascular risk assessment in NVAF patients.Note: The review process for this paper was fully handled by C. Weber, Editor in Chief.Listed in the Supplementary Online Appendix Material which is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Effectiveness of prognosticating pulmonary embolism using the ESC algorithm and the Bova score
Authors: Lobo Jose Luis , Fernandez-Golfin Covadonga , Portillo Ana K. , Nieto Rosa , Lankeit Mareike , Konstantinides Stavros , Prandoni Paolo , Muriel Alfonso , Yusen Roger D. , Jimenez David ,   the PROTECT investigators
Published: January 2016

SummaryThe prognostic value of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2014 algorithm and the Bova score has lacked adequate validation. According to the ESC 2014 guidelines and the Bova score, we retrospectively risk stratified normotensive patients with PE who were enrolled in the PROTECT study. This study used a complicated course (which consisted of death from any cause, haemodynamic collapse, or recurrent PE) as the primary endpoint, and follow-up occurred through 30 days after the PE diagnosis. Of 848 patients, 37 % had a sPESI of 0 and 5 (1.6 %; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.5-3.7 %) experienced a complicated course. Of 143 patients with a sPESI of 0 points and negative computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for right ventricle (RV) dysfunction, three (2.1 %; 95 % CI, 0.4-6.0 %) experienced a complicated course. Four hundred seventy-eight (56 %) patients with a sPESI ≥ 1 had echocardiographic evidence of RV dysfunction or elevated troponin level or none, and 48 (10 %, 95 % CI, 7.5-13.1 %) experienced a complicated course. Fifty-seven (6.7 %) patients with a sPESI ≥ 1 had echocardiographic RV dysfunction and elevated troponin level, and 10 (17.5 %; 95 % CI, 8.8-29.9 %) experienced a complicated course, compared to 21.6 % (8 of 37 patients, 21.6 %; 95 % CI, 9.8-38.2 %) in Bova risk class III. In conclusion, the ESC 2014 prognostic algorithm is effective in the risk stratification of normotensive patients with PE. Use of CTPA did not improve the ability for identification of low-risk PE. Bova risk scoring did not significantly improve identification of intermediate-high risk PE.Jiménez et al. Validation of the ESC 2014 prognostication algorithm
Are Face and Object Recognition Independent? A Neurocomputational Modeling Exploration
Authors: Wang Panqu , Gauthier Isabel , Cottrell Garrison 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Are face and object recognition abilities independent? Although it is commonly believed that they are, Gauthier et al. [Gauthier, I., McGugin, R. W., Richler, J. J., Herzmann, G., Speegle, M., & VanGulick, A. E. Experience moderates overlap between object and face recognition, suggesting a common ability. Journal of Vision, 14, 7, 2014] recently showed that these abilities become more correlated as experience with nonface categories increases. They argued that there is a single underlying visual ability, v, that is expressed in performance with both face and nonface categories as experience grows. Using the Cambridge Face Memory Test and the Vanderbilt Expertise Test, they showed that the shared variance between Cambridge Face Memory Test and Vanderbilt Expertise Test performance increases monotonically as experience increases. Here, we address why a shared resource across different visual domains does not lead to competition and to an inverse correlation in abilities? We explain this conundrum using our neurocomputational model of face and object processing [“The Model”, TM, Cottrell, G. W., & Hsiao, J. H. Neurocomputational models of face processing. In A. J. Calder, G. Rhodes, M. Johnson, & J. Haxby (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of face perception. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2011]. We model the domain general ability v as the available computational resources (number of hidden units) in the mapping from input to label and experience as the frequency of individual exemplars in an object category appearing during network training. Our results show that, as in the behavioral data, the correlation between subordinate level face and object recognition accuracy increases as experience grows. We suggest that different domains do not compete for resources because the relevant features are shared between faces and objects. The essential power of experience is to generate a “spreading transform” for faces (separating them in representational space) that generalizes to objects that must be individuated. Interestingly, when the task of the network is basic level categorization, no increase in the correlation between domains is observed. Hence, our model predicts that it is the type of experience that matters and that the source of the correlation is in the fusiform face area, rather than in cortical areas that subserve basic level categorization. This result is consistent with our previous modeling elucidating why the FFA is recruited for novel domains of expertise [Tong, M. H., Joyce, C. A., & Cottrell, G. W. Why is the fusiform face area recruited for novel categories of expertise? A neurocomputational investigation. Brain Research, 1202, 14–24, 2008].
Apolipoprotein E ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 variant in association with obstructive sleep apnoea and lipid profile: A meta-analysis
Authors: Lu Zhuoqiang , Wu Xuemei , Jin Xueqing , Peng Feng , Lin Jinxiu 
Published: January 2016

Objective A meta-analysis of the association between haplotypical variants of the apolipoprotein E ( APOE) gene (ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) risk and changes in lipid profile. Methods Electronic databases were searched to retrieve articles that provided data on APOE gene ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 variants in patients with OSA and healthy controls. Data were extracted from eligible articles and statistical analyses were performed. Results The meta-analysis included 14 articles involving 19 study populations (3198 patients and 6031 controls). There was no significant association between the presence of the ɛ4 allele and OSA risk. The presence of ɛ4 was associated with significantly increased total cholesterol and decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, compared with ɛ4 allele negative individuals. There was a low probability of publication bias but significant heterogeneity. Conclusions There was no association between APOE ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 and OSA susceptibility. The presence of APOE ɛ4 was associated with changes in lipid profile.