bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An innovative GPS trajectory data based model for geographic recommendation service
Authors: Zou Zhiqiang , Yu Zhe , Cao Kai 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGeographic services based on GPS trajectory data, such as location prediction and recommender services, have received increasing attention because of their potential social and commercial benefits. In this study, a Geographic Service Recommender Model (GSRM) is proposed, which loosely comprises three essential steps. Firstly, location sequences are obtained through a clustering operation on GPS locations. To improve efficiency, a programming model with a distributed algorithm is employed to accelerate the clustering. Secondly, in order to mine spatial and temporal information from the cluster trajectory, an algorithm (MiningMP) is designed. Last but not least, the next possible location to which the user will travel is predicted. An integrated framework of GSRM could then be constructed and provide the appropriate geographic recommendation service by considering location sequences as well as other related semantic information. Experiments were conducted based on real GPS trajectories from Microsoft Research Asia (182 users within a period of five years). The experimental results clearly demonstrate that our proposed GSRM model is effective and efficient at predicting locations and can provide users with personalized smart recommendation services in the following possible position with excellent performance in scalability, adaptability, and quality of service.
Hippocampal subareas arranged in the dorsoventral axis modulate cardiac baroreflex function in a site‐dependent manner in rats
Authors: Ferreira‐Junior Nilson Carlos , Lagatta Davi Campos , Fabri Denise Resende , Alves Fernando Henrique Ferrari , Corrêa Fernando Morgan Aguiar , Resstel Leonardo Barbosa Moraes 
Published: November 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Classically, areas of the brainstem are involved in the cardiac baroreceptor reflex. However, forebrain areas, such as the hippocampus, may also modulate the cardiac baroreflex function.

What is the main finding and its importance?
According to the hippocampal subarea recruited dorsoventrally, the baroreflex function can be either facilitated or inhibited. These results are according to the new topographical division proposed for the hippocampus, i.e. it can be divided into functionally and anatomically different regions along its dorsoventral axis.

From a neuroanatomical point of view, we may split the hippocampal formation into the dorsal (DH) and ventral hippocampus (VH). Although the basic intrinsic circuitry of the hippocampus seems to be maintained throughout its longitudinal axis, dorsal and ventral portions connect differently with cortical and subcortical areas and express different gene patterns, being functionally distinct. Differential stimulation of the DH or VH can evoke either an increase or a decrease in blood pressure, heart rate and sympathetic activity. However, to the best of our knowledge, specific involvement of the hippocampus and its different subareas in the baroreflex function remains to be investigated. In the present work, therefore, we evaluated the involvement of hippocampal subareas arranged on the dorsoventral axis in cardiac baroreflex modulation. Our results suggest that inhibition of hippocampal subareas by CoCl2, a calcium‐dependent synaptic neurotransmission blocker, differentially affects baroreflex sensitivity; administration of CoCl2 into the DH increased cardiac baroreflex function, whereas it diminished cardiac baroreflex function when administered into the VH. In contrast, administration of CoCl2 into intermediate portions of the hippocampus did not affect the baroreflex response. Our findings suggest that the hippocampus influences baroreflex function according to the hippocampal subarea recruited dorsoventrally.
Declining performance of master athletes: silhouettes of the trajectory of healthy human ageing?
Authors: Lazarus Norman R. , Harridge Stephen D. R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAnalysis of world record performances by master athletes suggests an essentially linear decline with age until around the eighth decade after which performance decline accelerates. Because these records are obtained from highly trained individuals they can be viewed as being reflective of the diminution of integrative physiological prowess that occurs solely as a result of ageing, unaffected by the confounding effects of inactivity. It can also be argued that these performance profiles mirror and provide an insight into the trajectory of the physiology of the human ageing process. Here we propose a set point theory that hypothesises that a given threshold of physical activity is needed to age optimally and to maximise the ‘healthspan’. Exercising at levels below the set point will result in ageing being contaminated by the unpredictable and pathological effects of inactivity. Exercise above this threshold stimulates adaptations towards maximising athletic performance, but is unlikely to have further beneficial effects on health. Thus the decades‐long, controlled diminution in athletic performance, should not be seen as a disease process. The ageing process is separate from, and independent of, exercise‐mediated processes that maintain or adapt physiological function. Whether an understanding of these mechanisms will also help uncover mechanisms underpinning the ageing process itself is open to question. However, any model which does not take into account the effects of activity will not adequately describe the inherent ageing process.
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Development of Miniaturized Rubber Muscle Actuator Driven by Gas-Liquid Phase Change
Authors: Kato Tomonori , Sakuragi Kazuki , Cheng Mingzhao , Kakiyama Ryo , Matsunaga Yuta , Ono Manabu 
Published: November 2016

The goal of this study is to develop a miniaturized artificial muscle in which a tiny compressor can be installed. Pneumatic actuators, such as pneumatic artificial rubber muscles (PARMs), have been widely used in many industrial and robotic research applications because they are compact and lightweight. However, the compressors driving such actuators are relatively large. To solve this problem, the authors have been researching soft actuators driven by gas-liquid phase changes (GLPCs).
In this study, a fixed chamber containing a constantan heater and fluorocarbon was used to generate pressure instead of a compressor. The pressure generation caused by the GLPC was confirmed, and a PARM contraction experiment was then conducted. Additionally, a PI control system was built to test the step and frequency responses of the actuator. A frequency response of up to 4.0 Hz was determined, and the corner frequency was found to be approximately 1.5 Hz.
The size of the actuator was reduced by removing the chamber and installing the heater in the rubber muscle. A PARM driving experiment was conducted, and the performance of the PARM was evaluated. The miniaturized actuator consumes less power than the original actuator.
Influence of Anisotropic Surfaces on the Friction Behaviour of Hydraulic Seals
Authors: Angerhausen Julian , Murrenhoff Hubertus , Dorogin Leonid , Scaraggi Michele , Lorenz Boris , Persson Bo N. J. 
Published: November 2016

In the modelling of the leakage rate, friction force or contact pressure distribution of hydraulic seals is quite common to assume the mating surfaces to be characterized by a random isotropic roughness. However, due to different surface finishing methods, such as coating, grinding or polishing, roughness with anisotropic characteristics is often generated.
In this paper a first experimental investigation of the influence of such anisotropic surfaces on the sliding friction is provided. For this purpose, a test rig has been designed and set up to investigate a soft, lubricated line contact representative of a generic reciprocating hydraulic seal. In particular, an O-ring cord is squeezed into contact with a steady rotating rigid cylinder. In order to adopt a cylinder-on-flat configuration, the diameter of the rigid cylinder is chosen to be significantly larger than the O-ring (cross-section) diameter. Furthermore, three cylinders with different surfaces are used: One (sandblasted) isotropic surface and two anisotropic surfaces roughness, scratched perpendicularly or along the azimuthal direction. Therefore, under temperature control, Stribeck curves have been measured at different squeezing loads and surface roughness, showing a neat influence of the surface roughness characteristics on the friction force. Finally, the experimental results are compared with the predictions provided by a recent mean field theory of soft contact (e.g. rubber) lubrication.
Simulation and Experimental Investigations of a Digital High Speed Close Loop Proportional Directional Valve Using a Solenoid Technology
Authors: Buono Dario , Senatore Adolfo , Frosina Emma , Gehlhoff Wade , Costin Ina I. 
Published: November 2016

This paper describes the design, simulation and testing of a high response servo-proportional valve. The purpose of this work is to study the possibilities, using a modeling technology, to increase the dynamic performance of a servo-proportional directional developing new algorithms for the digital control system.
The development of digital technology, introduced also in the control of proportional valves, have led to the reduction of the differences between the overall characteristics of proportional and servo valves so that the proportional ones can be a suitable solution in many applications, where servo-valves are traditionally used.
The mathematical model of the servo-proportional valve has been developed by using the commercial software AMESim® (Advanced Modeling and Simulation Environment for Systems Engineering). The model includes the proportional solenoid and the linear transducer.
Digital control of the proportional valve proposed in this paper, is a key part of this research. Its mathematical model and the control algorithm have been built using Matlab®. Both models have been run in co-simulation to improve the overall valve performance.
The experimental tests have been performed in the labs of Duplomatic Oleodinamica SpA and Continental Hydraulic Inc.
The data have been used to validate the simulation models.
Study of Air Inclusion in Lubrication System of CVT Gearbox Transmission With Biphasic CFD Simulation
Authors: Ferrari Cristian , Marani Pietro 
Published: November 2016

The focus of this paper is the biphasic phenomena that occurs in a lubrication system of a CVT gearbox transmission of an agricultural tractor, in particular a Method of Analysis is outlined with the aim of mapping and assessing the behavior of the lubrication circuit.
The study of the lubrication in gearboxes is an important issue in the design of off-road machines because their reliability depends mostly on the lubrication performance, as well as the machine’s lifetime and overall energy efficiency of the transmission is strongly dependent on the lubrication system behavior. In fact the role of the lubrication system is twofold: firstly to remove the heat generated in the highly loaded rolling bearings and the gears found in the power and accessory gearboxes via heat exchangers; secondly to lubricate these parts. The trend in the development of gearbox transmissions has been towards lower consumption and higher power transmitted, consequently it is necessary to conceive more effective and efficient lubrication systems. Nonetheless the lubrication problem often relies on a trial and error approach and most available scientific literature is based on lumped element model dynamic simulation or one phase thermo-fluid dynamic simulations, overlooking the effects linked to cavitation and air inclusion.
One important phenomenon in lubrication systems is that of air suction. This can be seen in particular at high rotational speeds of shafts when the centrifugal force causes a positive pressure drop between inner lubrication pipes and outer radial conduits. In this case the air occupies part of the lubrication conduits, and since the domain is shared by the outflowing liquid phase and the air included, the monophase CFD simulation fails to predict the correct lubrication flow. If this effect is not carefully considered it could cause a lubrication unbalance among the various parts of the gearbox, creating a risk of transmission damage.
In this paper the methodology will be presented step by step until in final a complete map of operation condition is created. A preliminary analysis of the circuitry is an essential phase of the project since the tractor’s transmission is an extremely complex assembly composed by hundreds of components therefore the lubrication circuit appears as a large net of moving hydraulic connections and consumers. From this analysis a computational domain is obtained and appropriately meshed. After the pivotal choice of the proper turbulence model and boundary conditions, various runs at different rotating speeds corresponding to the different operating ranges will be performed. The result will be contextualized by commenting on the fluid dynamics phenomena involved and the influence parameters on flow rate distribution, finally evaluating the performances of the lubrication circuit, and in particular highlighting the most critical conditions in terms of speed condition and locating the most critical gearbox parts.
Guidelines for Properly Adjusting Pressure Feedback in Systems With Over-Centre Valves
Authors: Pedersen Henrik C. , Andersen Torben O. , Hansen Michael R. 
Published: November 2016

Many mobile hydraulic systems are fitted with over centre valves for safety measures. However, it is well known that over centre valves in combination with pressure compensated flow control valves may lead to oscillatory and even unstable system behaviour. The traditional solution to overcome this problem is to use an over centre valve with a sufficiently low pilot ratio and/or include various damping orifices in the system. Both of these solutions are energy consuming and may decrease the control performance. An alternative approach is to use (electronic) pressure feedback — also referred to as active damping — to stabilise the system and damp pressure pulsations. This is not a new method, but the effect and adjustment of the filters is often misunderstood leading to incorrectly adjusted filters and degraded system performance. The focus of the current paper is therefore to explain and derive a set of guidelines for how to properly adjust a standard pressure feedback in system with an over centre valve when also considering model uncertainties, un-modelled dynamics and parameter variations.
The paper takes its basis in a standard cylinder drive with an inertia load, over centre valve and a pressure compensated proportional valve. Based on a linearized model of the system, the system is analysed and it is shown that there is an optimal range for both the filter frequency and gain, which are closely linked. It is furthermore shown that these both closely affect the obtainable damping and dynamic response of the system. From the analysis a set of guidelines are derived for how to properly adjust the filter coefficients and the effect of different filter adjustments are shown and commented for the example system.
Hydraulic Flow Ripple Cancellation Using the Primary Flow Source
Authors: O’Shea Colin 
Published: November 2016

Flow ripple is generally considered to be a negative attribute of positive displacement units as the resulting pressure ripple can cause unsteady behavior in the overall system as well as generate significant audible noise that can spread throughout the entire hydraulic system. Passive methods of attenuating pressure ripple have included both pump design and adding compliant elements such as pulsation dampers and Helmholtz-style resonators that are often limited in their effectiveness and introduce compromises with regards to system size and response time. Active techniques have also been investigated and typically seek to employ a secondary flow source to actively cancel the flow pulsations, often with the use of feedback sensors such as pressure transducers. Some techniques using speed variation of the pump have been investigated theoretically and pointed to the limitations of the technique when applied to piston pumps of a certain size.
This paper will discuss the theory and implementation of a feed-forward motor torque control algorithm to reduce flow ripple and therefore pressure ripple by influencing the speed of a relatively-high volumetric displacement low-inertia pump through open loop control of the driving motor torque. The application under consideration is that of a gerotor pump/motor in lockstep fluid communication with a compact hydraulic actuator. The commercial application for the compact hydraulic actuators used in this study is for use as localized force sources in a fully active suspension system of sedan-sized automobiles.
Robotic Arm for Automatic Sound Intensity Measurements
Authors: Kalbfleisch Paul , Kim Taeho , Ivantysynova Monika 
Published: November 2016

The characterization of the noise emitted by positive displacement machines serves as an important metric for the design of positive displacement machines and their corresponding systems. One method of characterizing the noise produced by positive displacement machines utilizes the two microphone-intensity probes at various locations surrounding the unit to approximate the total sound power generated by the machine in question.
This paper proposes a method of utilizing a robotic arm to perform automatic sound intensity measurements (ASIM). This paper will explain the various theoretical motivations and justifications for the basic design concept as well as the specific implementation.
All the necessary theoretical considerations and technical difficulties were accounted for in the successful design and manufacturing of an ASIM robot.
To highlight the usefulness of the automatic measurement procedure, three case studies was performed to evaluate the robotic ASIM’s ability to measure sound power. A total of 1086 measurement locations were taken in order for each grid study to quantify the convergence of the field non-uniformity.
TIM-1 Promotes Hepatitis C Virus Cell Attachment and Infection
Authors: Wang Jing , Qiao Luhua , Hou Zhouhua , Luo Guangxiang 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Human TIM and TAM family proteins were recently found to serve as phosphatidylserine (PS) receptors which promote infections by many different viruses, including dengue virus, West Nile virus, Ebola virus, Marburg virus, and Zika virus. In the present study, we provide substantial evidence demonstrating that TIM-1 is important for efficient infection by hepatitis C virus (HCV). The knockdown of TIM-1 expression significantly reduced HCV infection but not HCV RNA replication. Likewise, TIM-1 knockout in Huh-7.5 cells remarkably lowered HCV cell attachment and subsequent HCV infection. More significantly, the impairment of HCV infection in the TIM-1 knockout cells could be restored completely by ectopic expression of TIM-1 but not TIM-3 or TIM-4. Additionally, HCV infection and cell attachment were inhibited by PS but not by phosphatidylcholine (PC), demonstrating that TIM-1-mediated enhancement of HCV infection is PS dependent. The exposure of PS on the HCV envelope was confirmed by immunoprecipitation of HCV particles with a PS-specific monoclonal antibody. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that TIM-1 promotes HCV infection by serving as an attachment receptor for binding to PS exposed on the HCV envelope.

IMPORTANCE
TIM family proteins were recently found to enhance infections by many different viruses, including several members of the
Flaviviridae
family. However, their importance in HCV infection has not previously been examined experimentally. The TIM family proteins include three members in humans: TIM-1, TIM-3, and TIM-4. The findings derived from our studies demonstrate that TIM-1, but not TIM-3 or TIM-4, promotes HCV infection by functioning as an HCV attachment factor. Knockout of the TIM-1 gene resulted in a remarkable reduction of HCV cell attachment and infection. PS-containing liposomes blocked HCV cell attachment and subsequent HCV infection. HCV particles could also be precipitated with a PS-specific monoclonal antibody. These findings suggest that TIM-1 and its binding ligand, PS, may serve as novel targets for antiviral intervention.
Structure of the Open Reading Frame 49 Protein Encoded by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus
Authors: Hew Kelly , Veerappan Saranya , Sim Daniel , Cornvik Tobias , Nordlund Pär , Dahlroth Sue-Li 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Herpesviruses alternate between the latent and the lytic life cycle. Switching into the lytic life cycle is important for herpesviral replication and disease pathogenesis. Activation of a transcription factor replication and transcription activator (RTA) has been demonstrated to govern this switch in Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV). The protein encoded by open reading frame 49 from KSHV (ORF49
KSHV
) has been shown to upregulate lytic replication in KSHV by enhancing the activities of the RTA. We have solved the crystal structure of the ORF49
KSHV
protein to a resolution of 2.4 Å. The ORF49
KSHV
protein has a novel fold consisting of 12 alpha-helices bundled into two pseudodomains. Most notably are distinct charged patches on the protein surface, which are possible protein-protein interaction sites. Homologs of the ORF49
KSHV
protein in the gammaherpesvirus subfamily have low sequence similarities. Conserved residues are mainly located in the hydrophobic regions, suggesting that they are more likely to play important structural roles than functional ones. Based on the identification and position of three sulfates binding to the positive areas, we performed some initial protein-DNA binding studies by analyzing the thermal stabilization of the protein in the presence of DNA. The ORF49
KSHV
protein is stabilized in a dose-responsive manner by double-stranded oligonucleotides, suggesting actual DNA interaction and binding. Biolayer interferometry studies also demonstrated that the ORF49
KSHV
protein binds these oligonucleotides.

IMPORTANCE
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a tumorigenic gammaherpesvirus that causes multiple cancers and lymphoproliferative diseases. The virus exists mainly in the quiescent latent life cycle, but when it is reactivated into the lytic life cycle, new viruses are produced and disease symptoms usually manifest. Several KSHV proteins play important roles in this reactivation, but their exact roles are still largely unknown. In this study, we report the crystal structure of the open reading frame 49 protein encoded by KSHV (ORF49
KSHV
). Possible regions for protein interaction that could harbor functional importance were found on the surface of the ORF49
KSHV
protein. This led to the discovery of novel DNA binding properties of the ORF49
KSHV
protein. Evolutionary conserved structural elements with the functional homologs of ORF49
KSHV
were also established with the structure.