bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entry and Exit Patterns of “Toxic” Firms
Authors: De Silva Dakshina G. , Hubbard Timothy P. , Schiller Anita R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe pair an establishment‐level dataset from Texas with public information available in the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) to evaluate the standing of dirty industries in Texas census tracts with a focus on environmental justice concerns. The share of nonwhite residents in a tract is positively correlated with the number of TRI‐reporting firms, and an inverse‐U‐shaped relationship characterizes the number of TRI‐reporting firms and a tract's median income. Even after controlling for factor prices and other covariates that might drive firm location decisions, entrants that report to the TRI are more likely to locate in areas with a higher share of nonwhite residents. Firms that report to the TRI are also more likely to enter areas with a low share of college graduates. In contrast, the number of entrants from industries that do not have TRI reporters is negatively related to the percentage of nonwhite residents in a tract. Firms in these non‐reporting industries are also more likely to enter areas with a high share of college graduates. Polluters appear to agglomerate, raising concerns about both chemical releases being concentrated in certain tracts, and also affecting nonwhite‐dense areas disproportionately. The strength of these effects often depend on an urban/rural classification, with rural areas experiencing the most pronounced concerns. Moreover, TRI‐reporting firms are less likely to exit the market relative to their peers that operate in the same industry but do not need to file TRI reports, suggesting that releases may affect a region in the long run.
Direct calculation of minimal cut sets involving a specific reaction knock-out
Authors: Tobalina Luis , Pey Jon , Planes Francisco J. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Motivation: The concept of Minimal Cut Sets (MCSs) is used in metabolic network modeling to describe minimal groups of reactions or genes whose simultaneous deletion eliminates the capability of the network to perform a specific task. Previous work showed that MCSs where closely related to Elementary Flux Modes (EFMs) in a particular dual problem, opening up the possibility to use the tools developed for computing EFMs to compute MCSs. Until recently, however, there existed no method to compute an EFM with some specific characteristic, meaning that, in the case of MCSs, the only strategy to obtain them was to enumerate them using, for example, the standard K-shortest EFMs algorithm.
Results: In this work, we adapt the recently developed theory to compute EFMs satisfying several constraints to the calculation of MCSs involving a specific reaction knock-out. Importantly, we emphasize that not all the EFMs in the dual problem correspond to real MCSs, and propose a new formulation capable of correctly identifying the MCS wanted. Furthermore, this formulation brings interesting insights about the relationship between the primal and the dual problem of the MCS computation.
Availability and implementation: A Matlab-Cplex implementation of the proposed algorithm is available as a supplementary material.
Contact: fplanes@ceit.es
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Lights, Camera … Income! Illuminating the National Accounts-Household Surveys Debate *
Authors: Pinkovskiy Maxim , Sala-i-Martin Xavier 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGDP per capita and household survey means present conflicting pictures of the rate of economic development in emerging countries. One of the areas in which the national accounts–household surveys debate is key is the measurement of developing world poverty. We propose a data-driven method to assess the relative quality of GDP per capita and survey means by comparing them to the evolution of satellite-recorded nighttime lights. Our main assumption, which is robust to a variety of specification checks, is that the measurement error in nighttime lights is unrelated to the measurement errors in either national accounts or survey means. We obtain estimates of weights on national accounts and survey means in an optimal proxy for true income; these weights are very large for national accounts and very modest for survey means. We conclusively reject the null hypothesis that the optimal weight on surveys is greater than the optimal weight on national accounts, and we generally fail to reject the null hypothesis that the optimal weight on surveys is zero. Additionally, we provide evidence that national accounts are good indicators of desirable outcomes for the poor (such as longer life expectancy, better education and access to safe water), and we show that surveys appear to perform worse in developing countries that are richer and that are growing faster. Therefore, we interpret our results as providing support for estimates of world poverty that are based on national accounts.
A Single-Dose, Open-Label Study of the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Lisdexamfetamine Dimesylate in Individuals With Normal and Impaired Renal Function
Authors: Ermer James , Corcoran Mary , Lasseter Kenneth , Marbury Thomas , Yan Brian , Martin Patrick T. 
Published: March 2016

Background:
Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) and d-amphetamine pharmacokinetics were assessed in individuals with normal and impaired renal function after a single LDX dose; LDX and d-amphetamine dialyzability was also examined.

Methods:
Adults (N = 40; 8/group) were enrolled in 1 of 5 renal function groups [normal function, mild impairment, moderate impairment, severe impairment/end-stage renal disease (ESRD) not requiring hemodialysis, and ESRD requiring hemodialysis] as estimated by glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Participants with normal and mild to severe renal impairment received 30 mg LDX; blood samples were collected predose and serially for 96 hours. Participants with ESRD requiring hemodialysis received 30 mg LDX predialysis and postdialysis separated by a washout period of 7–14 days. Predialysis blood samples were collected predose, serially for 72 hours, and from the dialyzer during hemodialysis; postdialysis blood samples were collected predose and serially for 48 hours. Pharmacokinetic end points included maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration versus time curve from time 0 to infinity (AUC0–∞) or to last assessment (AUClast).

Results:
Mean LDX Cmax, AUClast, and AUC0–∞ in participants with mild to severe renal impairment did not differ from those with normal renal function; participants with ESRD had higher mean Cmax and AUClast than those with normal renal function. d-amphetamine exposure (AUClast and AUC0–∞) increased and Cmax decreased as renal impairment increased. Almost no LDX and little d-amphetamine were recovered in the dialyzate.

Conclusions:
There seems to be prolonged d-amphetamine exposure after 30 mg LDX as renal impairment increases. In individuals with severe renal impairment (GFR: 15 ≤ 30 mL·min−1·1.73 m−2), the maximum LDX dose is 50 mg/d; in patients with ESRD (GFR: <15 mL·min−1·1.73 m−2), the maximum LDX dose is 30 mg/d. Neither LDX nor d-amphetamine is dialyzable.
Prevalence and severity of vasomotor symptoms and joint pain in women at midlife in Bangladesh: a population-based survey
Authors: Islam Rakibul M. , Bell Robin J. , Billah Baki , Hossain Mohammad B. , Davis Susan R. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of the study was to document the prevalence of menopausal symptoms and the extent to which women are bothered by vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and joint pain in Bangladesh.

Methods:
A total of 1,590 women, aged 30 to 59 years, participated in a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study between September 2013 and March 2014. The main outcome measures were moderate to severely bothersome VMS and joint pain, measured by the Menopause-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire.

Results:
Of participants, 59.4% were premenopausal, 8.4% perimenopausal, and 32.3% postmenopausal. Approximately all women reached menopause by the age of 50 years. The prevalence of moderate to severely bothersome VMS was 4.1% in premenopausal, 33.3% in perimenopausal, and 28.2% in postmenopausal women. Factors associated with moderate to severely bothersome VMS were being perimenopausal (odds ratio [OR] 46.34, 95% CI 13.29-161.56; P < 0.001) or postmenopausal (OR 19.15, 95% CI 5.63-65.11; P < 0.001) and obesity (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.03-4.71; P = 0.042). The prevalence of moderate to severely bothersome joint pain was 40.3% in postmenopausal, 36.2% in perimenopausal, and 15.3% in premenopausal women. Moderate to severely bothersome joint pain was more likely both in perimenopausal (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.63-4.29; P < 0.001) and postmenopausal women (OR 2.96, 95% CI 2.06-4.24; P < 0.001). Moderate to severely bothersome joint pain was also more likely in women with no education compared with women having education beyond secondary school (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.02-2.32; P < 0.001). No women reported prescription therapy for menopausal symptoms.

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates that a high proportion of Bangladeshi women experience moderate to severely bothersome VMS and joint pain. Despite the considerable symptom prevalence, no women reported treatment, suggesting that menopause remains neglected in Bangladesh.
A Laser-Assisted Anastomotic Technique: Feasibility on Human Diseased Coronary Arteries
Authors: Stecher David , Bronkers Glenn , Vink Aryan , Homoet-van der Kraak Petra H. , Helthuis Jasper , Pasterkamp Gerard , Buijsrogge Marc P. 
Published: March 2016

Objective Atherosclerotic disease might hamper the efficacy of the Excimer laser-assisted Trinity Clip anastomotic connector in coronary arteries. Therefore, its efficacy was evaluated on human diseased coronary arteries (study 1). In addition, the acute laser effects onto the coronary wall were assessed (study 2). Methods Thirty-eight anastomoses were constructed on ex vivo human hearts. Atherosclerosis was histopathologically determined and subsequently related to the success of the technique (ie, connector positioning and laser punching; study 1). In addition, 20 anastomoses were constructed in an ex vivo (porcine, n = 8) and an in vivo [rabbit (n = 9) and porcine (n = 3)] model. Subsequently, the coronary was histologically studied on the presence of laser-induced damage (study 2). Results In 13 of 38 anastomoses (study 1), the connector was mal-positioned, 3 because of a severely diseased coronary wall and 10 because of an inner diameter less than the intended target range. The laser-punch success rates on coronary arteries with an early and advanced lesion were 100% (16/16) and 89% (8/9; lesions were located in the inferolateral wall), respectively. In one case, an advanced lesion (ie, fibrocalcified plaque) was located in the superolateral wall and caused a laser-punch failure. No histological signs of laser-induced damage were observed, in case of correct use (study 2). Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of an anastomotic connector on human diseased coronary arteries and shows that lasering does not induce coronary wall damage. However, careful selection of the coronary, regarding the target inner diameter and disease status, will prevent construction failures. This connector could facilitate less invasive coronary artery bypass grafting.
Health care providers' judgments in chronic pain: the influence of gender and trustworthiness
Authors: Schäfer Gráinne , Prkachin Kenneth M. , Kaseweter Kimberley A. , Williams Amanda C. de C 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEstimates of patients' pain, and judgments of their pain expression, are affected by characteristics of the observer and of the patient. In this study, we investigated the impact of high or low trustworthiness, a rapid and automatic decision made about another, and of gender and depression history on judgments made by pain clinicians and by medical students. Judges viewed a video of a patient in pain presented with a brief history and rated his or her pain, and the likelihood that it was being exaggerated, minimized, or hidden. Judges also recommended various medical and treatment options. Contrary to expectations, trustworthiness had no main effect on pain estimates or judgments, but interacted with gender producing pervasive bias. Women, particularly those rated of low trustworthiness, were estimated to have less pain and to be more likely to exaggerate it. Unexpectedly, judgments of exaggeration and pain estimates were independent. Consistent with those judgments, men were more likely to be recommended analgesics, and women to be recommended psychological treatment. Effects of depression history were inconsistent and hard to interpret. Contrary to expectations, clinicians' pain estimates were higher than medical students', and indicated less scepticism. Empathy was unrelated to these judgments. Trustworthiness merits further exploration in healthcare providers' judgments of pain authenticity and how it interacts with other characteristics of patients. Furthermore, systematic disadvantage to women showing pain is of serious concern in healthcare settings.
Role of Procalcitonin and C‐Reactive Protein As Biomarkers of Infection in Children With Liver Disease
Authors: Bolia Rishi , Srivastava Anshu , Marak Rungmei , Yachha Surender K. , Poddar Ujjal 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectives:Early and accurate identification of infection in patients with liver disease is challenging. The present study evaluated the role of procalcitonin (PCT) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) as biomarkers of bacterial infection in children with liver disease.Methods:Demographic and clinical data of consecutive children admitted with acute liver failure (ALF) or decompensated chronic liver disease (DCLD) were collected. PCT and CRP were measured within 24 hours of admission. Blood and urine culture, chest x‐ray, and ascitic fluid analysis were done.Results:One hundred sixty‐four children (113 boys, age 76 [0.5–204] months, ALF 69, DCLD 95) were enrolled. Seventy‐seven (47%) had infection. Most common site was ascitic fluid (n = 35), followed by urinary tract (n = 26), pneumonia (n = 22), and blood stream infection (n = 16). Twenty‐one children had multiple‐site infections, 18 had severe sepsis, and 36 had systemic inflammatory response syndrome. PCT and CRP correlated with infection severity, higher in severe sepsis (8.3 [3.5–38] ng/mL and 4.1 [0.3–13.8] mg/dL) than only infection (0.89 [0.1–8] ng/mL and 1.7 [0.32–24] mg/dL) and no infection (0.3 [0.1–6.75] ng/mL and 0.3 [0.1–4.16 mg/dL]). Systemic inflammatory response syndrome was more common in patients with infection (31/77 vs 5/87, P = 0.00). PCT (>0.5 ng/mL) and CRP (>0.6 mg/dL) performed better in DCLD (AUC of 0.90 and 0.83) compared with patients with ALF (AUC of 0.73 and 0.69).Conclusions: PCT and CRP are reliable markers of infection and correlate with infection severity in children with liver disease. Their diagnostic accuracy is better in DCLD than ALF cases.
The Development and Preliminary Testing of an Instrument for Assessing Fatigue Self-management Outcomes in Patients With Advanced Cancer
Authors: Chan Raymond Javan , Yates Patsy , McCarthy Alexandra L. 
Published: March 2016

Background:
Fatigue is one of the most distressing and commonly experienced symptoms in patients with advanced cancer. Although the self-management (SM) of cancer-related symptoms has received increasing attention, no research instrument assessing fatigue SM outcomes for patients with advanced cancer is available.

Objectives:
The aim of this study was to describe the development and preliminary testing of an interviewer-administered instrument for assessing the frequency and perceived levels of effectiveness and self-efficacy associated with fatigue SM behaviors in patients with advanced cancer.

Methods:
The development and testing of the Self-efficacy in Managing Symptoms Scale–Fatigue Subscale for Patients With Advanced Cancer (SMSFS-A) involved a number of procedures: item generation using a comprehensive literature review and semistructured interviews, content validity evaluation using expert panel reviews, and face validity and test-retest reliability evaluation using pilot testing.

Results:
Initially, 23 items (22 specific behaviors with 1 global item) were generated from the literature review and semistructured interviews. After 2 rounds of expert panel review, the final scale was reduced to 17 items (16 behaviors with 1 global item). Participants in the pilot test (n = 10) confirmed that the questions in this scale were clear and easy to understand. Bland-Altman analysis showed agreement of results over a 1-week interval.

Conclusions:
The SMSFS-A items were generated using multiple sources. This tool demonstrated preliminary validity and reliability.

Implications for Practice:
The SMSFS-A has the potential to be used for clinical and research purposes. Nurses can use this instrument for collecting data to inform the initiation of appropriate fatigue SM support for this population.
A probability distribution over latent causes in the orbitofrontal cortex
Authors: Chan Stephanie C.Y. , Niv Yael , Norman Kenneth A. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) has been implicated in both the representation of “state”, in studies of reinforcement learning and decision making, and also in the representation of “schemas”, in studies of episodic memory. Both of these cognitive constructs require a similar inference about the underlying situation or “latent cause” that generates our observations at any given time. The statistically optimal solution to this inference problem is to use Bayes rule to compute a posterior probability distribution over latent causes. To test whether such a posterior probability distribution is represented in the OFC, we tasked human participants with inferring a probability distribution over four possible latent causes, based on their observations. Using fMRI pattern similarity analyses, we found that BOLD activity in OFC is best explained as representing the (log-transformed) posterior distribution over latent causes. Furthermore, this pattern explained OFC activity better than other task-relevant alternatives such as the most probable latent cause, the most recent observation, or the uncertainty over latent causes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur world is governed by hidden (latent) causes that we cannot observe, but which generate the observations that we do see. A range of high-level cognitive processes require inference of a probability distribution (or “belief distribution”) over the possible latent causes that might be generating our current observations. This is true for reinforcement learning (where the latent cause comprises the true “state” of the task), and for episodic memory (where memories are believed to be organized by the inferred situation or “schema”). Using fMRI, we show that this belief distribution over latent causes is encoded in patterns of brain activity in the orbitofrontal cortex — an area that has been separately implicated in the representations of both states and schemas.CONFLICT OF INTERESTThe authors declare no competing financial interests.
Australia-China-Africa investment partnerships
Authors: de Jonge Alice 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– This paper aims to examine the potential for “triangular cooperation” between investment partners from Australia, China and host African nations to contribute to the economic development in Africa.Design/methodology/approach– The paper discusses a number of complementarities between Australian and Chinese investors in mining, agriculture, energy, research and education and finance – sectors vital to Africa’s future development. These complementarities are examined in light of recent development studies on the benefits of triangular cooperation and recent literature examining links between foreign direct investment (FDI) policy and economic development.Findings– The paper concludes that there is much to be gained by making the most of the existing and potential synergies between Australian, Chinese and local investors in African settings.Research limitations/implications– The implications of this paper are, first, that African nations should keep the benefits of triangular cooperation in mind when designing FDI policies and, second, that Australian and Chinese investors should be more willing to explore potential investment partner synergies when investing in Africa. The paper also suggests an agenda for future research into how good design of FDI policies might best promote healthy economic development in African nations.Practical implications– Australian and Chinese companies should be more willing to explore potential avenues for cooperation when investing in Africa, while African governments should be more mindful of how rules and policies can maximise the local benefits of FDI.Social implications– African governments should be more mindful of the quality, rather than the quantity of FDI when drafting relevant laws and policies.Originality/value– The value of the paper is in applying the concept of “triangular cooperation” to direct investment. The paper also provides an original focus on Australia-China investment synergies in African settings.
Analysis of thermal comfort properties of jacquard knitted mattress ticking fabrics
Authors: Terliksiz Sena , Kalaoğlu Fatma , Eryürük Selin Hanife 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– Sleep is a vital and a basic activity of human life and it is a physiological need for human body. Sleep quality is directly influenced by the comfort conditions of sleep environment. The purpose of this paper is to define the role of textile materials utilized as bed fabrics on air and mass transfer from the human body.Design/methodology/approach– Thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thickness, water vapour permeability and air permeability properties of fabrics were analyzed and statistically evaluated. Thermal conductivity and resistance measurements were performed in Alambeta test instrument. Water vapour permeability tests were done according to the Rotating Platform method, and air permeability was measured in FX 3300 Textest air permeability tester. Relationships between comfort parameters were statistically evaluated with correlation analysis.Findings– Comfort is a major concept in the determination of overall life quality as well as sleep quality of a resting person. Therefore academic studies about thermal comfort prediction of sleep environment and bed surface fabrics are of great importance. This study investigates conventional mattress ticking fabrics in terms of comfort parameters and defines the important fabric properties on comfort parameters.Originality/value– Sleep comfort is a promising area in textile comfort studies with its dynamics different from body thermal comfort during daily life. However, in general comfort studies are about garment materials which are in direct contact with the skin. This study tries to define the comfort status of textile materials which have indirect contact with the human body surface during sleep duration.