bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relation between Vaporization Enthalpies and Viscosities: Eyring's Theory Applied to Selected Ionic Liquids
Authors: Bonsa Anne‐Marie , Paschek Dietmar , Zaitsau Dzmitry H. , Emel'yanenko Vladimir N. , Verevkin Sergey P. , Ludwig Ralf 
Published: March 2017

AbstractKey properties for the use of ionic liquids as electrolytes in batteries are low viscosities, low vapor pressure and high vaporization enthalpies. Whereas the measurement of transport properties is well established, the determination of vaporization enthalpies of these extremely low volatile compounds is still a challenge. At a first glance both properties seem to describe different thermophysical phenomena. However, eighty years ago Eyring suggested a theory which related viscosities and vaporization enthalpies to each other. The model is based on Eyring's theory of absolute reaction rates. Recent attempts to apply Eyring's theory to ionic liquids failed. The motivation of our study is to show that Eyring's theory works, if the assumptions specific for ionic liquids are fulfilled. For that purpose we measured the viscosities of three well selected protic ionic liquids (PILs) at different temperatures. The temperature dependences of viscosities were approximated by the Vogel–Fulcher–Tamann (VFT) relation and extrapolated to the high‐temperature regime up to 600 K. Then the VFT‐data could be fitted to the Eyring‐model. The values of vaporization enthalpies for the three selected PILs predicted by the Eyring model have been very close to the experimental values measured by well‐established techniques. We conclude that the Eyring theory can be successfully applied to the chosen set of PILs, if the assumption that ionic pairs of the viscous flow in the liquid and the ionic pairs in the gas phase are similar is fulfilled. It was also noticed that proper transfer of energies can be only derived if the viscosities and the vaporization energies are known for temperatures close to the liquid–gas transition temperature. The idea to correlate easy measurable viscosities of ionic liquids with their vaporization enthalpies opens a new way for a reliable assessment of these thermodynamic properties for a broad range of ionic liquids.
A 0.6‐V sub‐mW X‐band RFSOI CMOS LNA with novel complementary current‐reused technique
Authors: Dai Ruofan 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA fully integrated 0.6 V low‐noise amplifier (LNA) for X‐band receiver application based on 0.18 μm RFSOI CMOS technology is presented in this paper. To achieve low noise and high gain with the constraint of low voltage and low power consumption, a novel modified complementary current‐reused LNA using forward body bias technique is proposed. A diode connected MOSFET forward bias technique is employed to minimize the body leakage and improve the noise performance. A notch filter isolator is constructed to improve the linearity of low voltage. The measured results show that the proposed LNA achieves a power gain of 11.2 dB and a noise figure of 3.8 dB, while consuming a DC current of only 1.6 mA at supply voltage of 0.6 V. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Lighting Electromagnetic Field on Numerical Terrain and Urban Model using Three‐Dimensional MW‐FDTD Parallel Computation
Authors: OIKAWA TAKASHI , SONODA JUN , HONMA NORIYASU , SATO MOTOYUKI 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYAnalysis of lightning electromagnetic field using the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method has been studies in recent year. However, large‐scale analysis on real environment has not been considered, because the FDTD method requires huge computational cost on large‐scale analysis. We proposed a three‐dimensional moving window FDTD (MW‐FDTD) with parallel computation and applied to large‐scale analysis of lightning electromagnetic field with a real numerical terrain model. In this paper, we have studied about large‐scale analysis of lightning electromagnetic field with real urban models considering many buildings using our MW‐FDTD with parallel computation. We have shown effects of observed electromagnetic field on urban model.
Predator community composition is linked to soil carbon retention across a human land use gradient
Authors: Schmitz Oswald J. , Buchkowski Robert W. , Smith Jeffrey R. , Telthorst Mark , Rosenblatt Adam E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSoil carbon (C) storage is a major component of the carbon cycle. Consensus holds that soil C uptake and storage is regulated by plant–microbe–soil interactions. However, the contribution of animals in aboveground food webs to this process has been overlooked. Using insights from prior long‐term experimentation in an old‐field ecosystem and mathematical modeling, we predicted that the amount of soil C retention within a field should increase with the proportion of active hunting predators comprising the aboveground community of active hunting and sit‐and‐wait predators. This comes about because predators with different hunting modes have different cascading effects on plants. Our test of the prediction revealed that the composition of the arthropod predator community and associated cascading effects on the plant community explained 41% of variation in soil C retention among 15 old fields across a human land use gradient. We also evaluated the potential for several other candidate factors to explain variation in soil C retention among fields, independent of among‐field variation in the predator community. These included live plant biomass, insect herbivore community composition, soil arthropod decomposer community composition, degree of land use development around the fields, field age, and soil texture. None of these candidate variables significantly explained soil C retention among the fields. The study offers a generalizable understanding of the pathways through which arthropod predator community composition can contribute to old‐field ecosystem carbon storage. This insight helps support ongoing efforts to understand and manage the effects of anthropogenic land use change on soil C storage.
Associations between pro‐inflammatory cytokines, learning, and memory in late‐life depression and healthy aging
Authors: Charlton Rebecca A. , Lamar Melissa , Zhang Aifeng , Ren Xinguo , Ajilore Olusola , Pandey Ghanshyam N. , Kumar Anand 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesPro‐inflammatory cytokines may play a role in learning and memory difficulties and may be exacerbated in late‐life depression (LLD), where pro‐inflammatory markers are already elevated because of aging and age‐related vascular risk.MethodsLearning and memory, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines‐Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were measured in 24 individuals with LLD and 34 healthy older adults (HOA). Hippocampal volumes were segmented using Freesurfer software.ResultsPro‐inflammatory cytokines were higher in LLD compared with HOA. Regression analyses demonstrated that educational level and right hippocampal volume significantly contributed to explaining the variance in learning. For memory performance, educational level, right hippocampal volume and a group‐by‐IL‐6 interaction significantly contributed to the model.ConclusionsHigh levels of IL‐6 impact cognition in LLD but not HOA. Results suggest that high levels of inflammation alone are not sufficient to account for cognitive difficulties, but may interact with other factors in at‐risk populations like LLD, to contribute to memory difficulties. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 3‐D numerical heat and mass transfer model for simulating the vibration effects on drying process
Authors: Rzig Ramzi , Ben Khedher Nidhal , Ben Nasrallah Sassi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe high‐energy costs in the drying process highlight the employment of vibration which is a promising way to intensify this process. This work presents a three‐dimensional (3‐D) numerical version that exhibits the coupled heat and mass transfer phenomena posed by the external vibrating flow of hot air during the drying process. In order to simulate 3‐D vibrating drying, a 3‐D unstructured control volume finite element method is developed to analyze the heat and mass transfer during unsaturated porous media drying. Numerical simulation results, which depict the effects of the external vibrating flow which forces the drying process to occur more rapidly and intensively than ever before, are presented and analyzed.
Dynamics of the metal binding domains and regulation of the human copper transporters ATP7B and ATP7A
Authors: Yu Corey H. , Dolgova Natalia V. , Dmitriev Oleg Y. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCopper transporters ATP7A and ATP7B regulate copper levels in the human cells and deliver copper to the biosynthetic pathways. ATP7A and ATP7B belong to the P‐type ATPases and share much of the domain architecture and the mechanism of ATP hydrolysis with the other, well‐studied, enzymes of this type. A unique structural feature of the copper ATPases is the chain of six cytosolic metal‐binding domains (MBDs), which are believed to be involved in copper‐dependent regulation of the activity and intracellular localization of these enzymes. Although the structures of all the MBDs have been solved, the mechanism of copper‐dependent regulation of ATP7B and ATP7A, the roles of individual MBDs, and the relationship between the regulatory and catalytic copper binding are still unknown. We describe the structure and dynamics of the MBDs, review the current knowledge about their functional roles and propose a mechanism of regulation of ATP7B by copper‐dependent changes in the dynamics and conformation of the MBD chain. Transient interactions between the MBDs, rather than transitions between distinct static conformations are likely to form the structural basis of regulation of the ATP‐dependent copper transporters in human cells. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 69(4):226–235, 2017
Creative Criticism: Dialogue and Aesthetics in the English Language Arts Classroom
Authors: Blom Nathan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe author discusses the theoretical foundations for creative criticism, a term denoting the application of multimodal responses to literature for the construction of meaning. The author develops a theoretical framework from Bakhtin's principles of dialogical interpenetration, internally persuasive discourse, and utterance, as well as Dewey's conceptions of unified aesthetic experiences. The author then uses this framework of transactional processes to illuminate the efficacy of classroom applications of creative criticism. In particular, the author examines two projects from 12th‐grade English language arts classrooms. The first uses musical and visual response to make meaning out of classical literature. The second engages students in annotating literature online through the use of multimodal responses. This research articulates theoretically grounded principles of effective multimodal response to literature.
Value of contrast‐enhanced sonography of small hepatocellular carcinoma with sonazoid prior to radiofrequency ablation
Authors: Lee So Jung , Won Hyung Jin , Kim Kyung Won , Shin Yong Moon , Kim Pyo Nyun 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundWe aimed to determine the value of contrast‐enhanced sonography (CEUS) with Sonazoid prior to percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of small (<3 cm) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsThis prospective study was approved by our institutional review board and informed consent was obtained. The following criteria were used for study enrollment: (1) cirrhotic patients with HCCs found by contrast‐enhanced CT or Gd‐EOB‐DTPA–enhanced MRI; (2) a single HCC <3 cm in longest diameter or multinodular HCCs (<3) with each tumor <3 cm in longest diameter; and (3) indeterminate identification of the index tumor from the surrounding cirrhosis‐related pseudolesions on conventional US. Percutaneous RFA was performed under the guidance of CEUS with Sonazoid. The value of CEUS in index tumor detection and targeting was compared with that of concurrently performed conventional US.ResultsA total of 38 patients with 43 HCCs (mean size, 1.6 cm; range, 0.5–2.9 cm) were enrolled. The vascular phase of Sonazoid‐enhanced ultrasonography showed good tumor enhancement in 30/43 HCCs (70%). The Kupffer phase increased lesion conspicuity and operator's diagnostic confidence in 29 patients with 31 HCCs (31/43, 72%) compared with conventional US.ConclusionsCEUS with Sonazoid is useful for detection and targeting of small HCC prior to RFA. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:383–390, 2017
Colored Saturation Parameters for Rainbow Subgraphs
Authors: Barrus Michael D. , Ferrara Michael , Vandenbussche Jennifer , Wenger Paul S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInspired by a 1987 result of Hanson and Toft [Edge‐colored saturated graphs, J Graph Theory 11 (1987), 191–196] and several recent results, we consider the following saturation problem for edge‐colored graphs. An edge‐coloring of a graph F is rainbow if every edge of F receives a different color. Let denote the set of rainbow‐colored copies of F. A t‐edge‐colored graph G is ‐saturated if G does not contain a rainbow copy of F but for any edge and any color , the addition of e to G in color i creates a rainbow copy of F. Let denote the minimum number of edges in an ‐saturated graph of order n. We call this the rainbow saturation number of F. In this article, we prove several results about rainbow saturation numbers of graphs. In stark contrast with the related problem for monochromatic subgraphs, wherein the saturation is always linear in n, we prove that rainbow saturation numbers have a variety of different orders of growth. For instance, the rainbow saturation number of the complete graph lies between and , the rainbow saturation number of an n‐vertex star is quadratic in n, and the rainbow saturation number of any tree that is not a star is at most linear.
Austral summer precipitation interannual variability and trends over Southeastern South America in CMIP5 models
Authors: Díaz Leandro B. , Vera Carolina S. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to assess the ability of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) models in reproducing the variability and change of the austral summer precipitation observed in Southeastern South America (SESA) along the 20th century and beginning of the 21st. Models show a reduction in mean precipitation biases and inter‐model dispersion, and a significant improvement in the representation of the leading pattern of precipitation interannual variability (EOF1), in comparison with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 3 (CMIP3) models. Changes of the EOF1 activity in the present climate, as represented by both, climate model simulations and rainfall gridded datasets, evidence an increase of the frequency of EOF1 positive events (associated with positive precipitation anomalies in SESA and negative ones in the South Atlantic Convergence Zone) and a decrease of the frequency of EOF1 negative events. Nevertheless there are still large uncertainties due to model differences and the internal variability of the climate system. In order to reduce the impact of model uncertainties, an ensemble of the climate simulations that represent better the features associated with EOF1 activity was built, regardless to which model they correspond. The results obtained with this ensemble confirm that largest precipitation trends in SESA are those represented by climate simulations associated with an increase (decrease) of EOF1 positives (negative) events. It was also found that positive precipitation trends in SESA resulted from climate simulations forced by anthropogenic sources are the largest and significantly different from those from simulations forced by natural sources only, which are not significantly different from zero.
Intraseasonal variability and predictability of the subtropical Asian summer rain band
Authors: Wang Zunya , Ding Yihui , Lu Mengmeng , Zhou Botao , Yang Song , Jiang Xingwen , Ke Zongjian 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe climatological intraseasonal oscillations (CISOs) of the subtropical Asian summer rain band (SASRB) are found significantly related with the CISO in the atmospheric circulation over extratropical Eurasian continent, which is dominated by an intraseasonal North Pacific oscillation (ISNAO) pattern and its associated wave trains. The anomalous trough (ridge) of the eastward propagating wave train of the ISNAO pattern affects active (break) rainfall of SASRB and modulates the CISO of SASRB, together with the anomalous active (suppressed) convection northward propagating from the tropics and the subtropics. Moreover, the anomalous trough (ridge) around the Lake Baikal bridges the CISO in the mid‐high latitudes and that of SASRB. The NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) depicts the spatial–temporal features, principal modes, and propagation of the CISO of SASRB reasonably well. However, the mean state of precipitation and the variance of CISO are overestimated. In the model, the ISNAO pattern is too weak and its fluctuating frequency is too high. Moreover, the CFSv2 only shows marginal skills in simulating the ISNAO pattern and the propagation of its associated wave trains, and underestimates the relationship between the atmospheric circulation in the mid‐high latitudes and the CISO of SASRB. In addition, overestimation of the intensity of CISO in the tropical–subtropical and higher‐latitude atmosphere may cause overestimation of the CISO of SASRB.
Phosphorus fractions in preferential flow pathways and soil matrix in hillslope soils in the Thuringian Forest (Central Germany)
Authors: Julich Dorit , Julich Stefan , Feger Karl-Heinz 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is primarily transported in soil through preferential flow pathways (PFP), which can rapidly move water and matter bypassing large portions of the soil. This study investigated the composition of P forms in PFPs and soil matrix in two profiles at a forested hillslope in the Thuringian Forest (Central Germany), in order to evaluate (1) the effect of PFPs on the distribution of P fractions in forest soils, and (2) how hillslope position influences P fractions and other chemical parameters. To characterize water and mass fluxes in the profiles, flow pathways were visualized using dye tracer experiments. Stained and unstained soil material was sampled to assess differences of chemical parameters in the PFPs and soil matrix, and tested for correlations between chemical parameters to determine the factors influencing P fractions in soils. The results revealed significantly higher P contents (total P and most P fractions) in the upslope profile compared to the downslope profile. This accumulation effect in the upper profile was also observed for C, N, Fe, and Mn. The distribution of flow patterns also differed between the two profiles with stronger vertical infiltration into mineral soil and more preferential flow along stones and roots in the upslope profile compared to the downslope profile. However, the observed difference could not be addressed to hillslope effects as both test plots were located in mid‐slope position, but were strongly influenced by spatial heterogeneity (e.g., micro‐relief). Furthermore, no statistically significant accumulation effect of P or other elements in PFPs compared to soil matrix was found. At the test site, the combination of high stone content with low potential for P sorption, and predominance of near‐surface lateral flow, appears to have hampered the development of gradients in chemical parameters between PFPs and soil matrix.
Assessment of diffusive phosphate supply in soils by microdialysis
Authors: Demand Dominic , Schack-Kirchner Helmer , Lang Friederike 
Published: March 2017

AbstractStandard procedures to assess P availability in soils are based on batch experiments with various extractants. However, in most soils P nutrition is less limited by bulk stocks but by strong adsorption and transport limitation. The basic principle of root‐phosphate uptake is to strip phosphate locally from the solid phase by forming a radial depletion zone in the soil solution, optionally enhanced by release of mobilizing substances. Microdialysis (MD), a well‐established method in pharmacokinetics, is capable to mimic important characteristics of P root uptake. The sampling is by diffusional exchange through a semipermeable membrane covering the probes with their sub‐mm tubular structure. Additionally, the direct environment of the probe can be chemically modified by adding, e.g., carboxylates to the perfusate. This study is the first approach to test the applicability of MD in assessing plant available phosphate in soils and to develop a framework for its appropriate use.We used MD in stirred solutions to quantify the effect of pumping rate, concomitant ions, and pH value on phosphate recovery. Furthermore, we measured phosphate yield of top‐soil material from a beech forest, a non‐fertilized grassland, and from a fertilized corn field. Three perfusates have been used based on a 1 mM KNO3 solution: pure (1), with 0.1 mM citric acid (2), and with 1 mM citric acid (3). Additionally, a radial diffusion model has been parametrized for the stirred solutions and the beech forest soil.Results from the tests in stirred solutions were in good agreement with reported observations obtained for other ionic species. This shows the principal suitability of the experimental setup for phosphate tests. We observed a significant dependency of phosphate uptake into the MD probes on dialysate pumping rate and on ionic strength of the outside solution. In the soils, we observed uptake rates of the probes between 1.5 × 10−15 and 6.7 × 10−14 mol s−1 cm−1 in case of no citrate addition. Surprisingly, median uptake rates were mostly independent of the bulk soil stocks, but the P‐fertilized soil revealed a strong tailing towards higher values. This indicates the occurrence of hot P spots in soils. Citrate addition increased P yields only in the higher concentration but not in the forest soil. The order of magnitude of MD uptake rates from the soil samples matched root‐length related uptake rates from other studies. The micro‐radial citrate release in MD reflects the processes controlling phosphate mobilization in the rhizosphere better than measurements based on “flooding” of soil samples with citric acid in batch experiments. Important challenges in MD with phosphate are small volumes of dialysate with extremely low concentrations and a high variability of results due to soil heterogeneity and between‐probe variability. We conclude that MD is a promising tool to complement existing P‐analytical procedures, especially when spatial aspects or the release of mobilizing substances are in focus.
Estimating data from figures with a Web‐based program: Considerations for a systematic review
Authors: Burda Brittany U. , O'Connor Elizabeth A. , Webber Elizabeth M. , Redmond Nadia , Perdue Leslie A. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundSystematic reviewers often encounter incomplete or missing data, and the information desired may be difficult to obtain from a study author. Thus, systematic reviewers may have to resort to estimating data from figures with little or no raw data in a study's corresponding text or tables.MethodsWe discuss a case study in which participants used a publically available Web‐based program, called webplotdigitizer, to estimate data from 2 figures. We evaluated and used the intraclass coefficient and the accuracy of the estimates to the true data to inform considerations when using estimated data from figures in systematic reviews.ResultsThe estimates for both figures were consistent, although the distribution of estimates in the figure of a continuous outcome was slightly higher. For the continuous outcome, the percent difference ranged from 0.23% to 30.35% while the percent difference of the event rate ranged from 0.22% to 8.92%. For both figures, the intraclass coefficient was excellent (>0.95).ConclusionsSystematic reviewers should consider and be transparent when estimating data from figures when the information cannot be obtained from study authors and perform sensitivity analyses of pooled results to reduce bias.