bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical evaluation of lymphoscintigraphy with a new technetium compound for metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy
Authors: Sato T , Morita Y , Kawabata Y , Noikura T , Yamaguchi K , Sugihara K , Matsune S 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the potential usefulness of lymphoscintigraphy for the detection of metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy.

METHODS
Dynamic and static lymphoscintigraphy with 99Tcm-HSA-D was performed in 23 patients with malignant oropharyngeal tumors. The internal jugular nodes were excised and examined pathologically. The results of the lymphoscintigraphy were compared with the pathological examination and clinical palpation for accuracy.

RESULTS
All cases showed abnormal findings on lymphoscintigraphy. The accuracy on dynamic scintigraphy was 69% for asymmetric drainage, 69% for delayed drainage and 100% for inverse drainage. The overall accuracy for each side was 71%. With static scintigraphy, the accuracy was 69% for asymmetry, 86% for fitting defect, 67% for mottled-patchy appearance, 70% in swelling and 100% for collateral pathway. The overall accuracy for each side was 74%. The agreement between lymphoscintigraphy and palpation was 44%.

CONCLUSIONS
Lymphoscintigraphy with 99Tcm-HSA-D was superior to palpation. The method is useful as a supplementary modality for the evaluation of metastatic cervical lymphadenopathy because of its relatively high accuracy and a low false-negative rate.
Radiographic detection of approximal caries: a comparison of dental films and digital imaging systems
Authors: Syriopoulos K , Sanderink G C , Velders X L , van der Stelt P F 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To compare the diagnostic accuracy for the detection of approximal caries of two dental X-ray films, two CCD-based digital systems and two storage phosphor (SP) digital systems.

METHODS
Fifty-six surfaces in 56 extracted unrestored premolars were radiographed under standardised conditions using two E-speed dental film, Ektaspeed Plus (Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, NY, USA) and Dentus M2 Comfort (Agfa-Gevaert, Mortsel, Belgium), two CCD systems, Sidexis (Sirona, Bensheim, Germany) and Visualix (Gendex, Milan, Italy) and two SP systems, Digora (Soredex, Helsinki, Finland) and DenOptix (Gendex, Milano, Italy). The images were assessed by eight observers (four radiologists and four general practitioners). True caries depth was determined by histological examination. True caries depth was subtracted from the values given by the observers and an analysis of variance was performed. The null hypothesis was rejected when P &lt; 0.05.

RESULTS
No significant differences were found in diagnostic accuracy with the two dental films and the Sidexis and Digora systems. The depth of the lesion significantly affected observer performance. Caries depth was underestimated. Radiologists performed significantly better than general practitioners whatever the recording system.

CONCLUSION
The diagnostic accuracy of digital systems is comparable with that of dental films. The ability of dentists to recognise caries correctly is the main factor contributing to variation in radiographic diagnosis and not the imaging modality.
Intra-oral storage phosphor and conventional radiography in the assessment of alveolar bone structures
Authors: Kaeppler G , Vogel A , Axmann-Krcmar D 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To compare storage phosphor (SP) with conventional film radiography for accuracy of linear measurements of the marginal alveolar bone and visibility of anatomical structures.

METHODS
Linear measurements were made in paired SP and conventional images of dried human mandibles with a metal pin fixed 10 mm below the alveolar crest. One observer measured the distance from the alveolar crest to the reference point on the radiographs. The difference between the measured and the true distance was calculated. Two observers rated the visibility of bony structures (periodontal ligament space, periapical bone tissue, alveolar crest) in 51 paired digital and conventional images of 21 patients on a 3-point scale. Overall agreement and Kappa index were calculated.

RESULTS
Accuracy of linear measurements was higher in digital radiography (mean difference 0.17 mm) than in conventional radiography (mean difference 0.59 mm). Overall, the two observers rated visibility higher in conventional radiographs. The Kappa indices for the periodontal ligament space and periapical bone indicated fair to almost perfect agreement (kappa = 0.38 and 0.5; kappa = 0.39 and 0.84) while for the alveolar crest there was only poor or moderate agreement (kappa = 0.2 and 0.5).

CONCLUSIONS
The small differences in linear measurements indicate that the Digora system is suitable for clinical assessment of periodontal and peri-implant bone loss. The visibility of dental structures depends as much on the individual features assessed, as the radiographic system.
Survey of radiographic practices for periodontal disease in UK and Irish dental teaching hospitals
Authors: Tugnait A , Clerehugh D V , Hirschmann P N 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To assess current radiographic practices in dental teaching hospitals for the management of patients with periodontal diseases.

METHODS
All 17 dental teaching hospitals in UK and Ireland were sent a questionnaire on radiographic equipment and radiograph selection currently used for assessment of patients with destructive periodontal diseases. Opinions were recorded for advantages and disadvantages of the most frequently used radiographic views.

RESULTS
A 100% response rate was achieved. All hospitals used panoramic and specific periapical radiographs as one of their radiographic regimes for patients with periodontal disease. Fifty-three per cent of respondents most frequently took panoramic and selected periapical radiographs. Twenty-four per cent took full mouth periapical radiographs (FMPAs) most frequently and 18% took a panoramic radiograph alone. Twenty-four per cent of hospitals operated a protocol for selection of radiographs for periodontal patients.

CONCLUSIONS
The most commonly used views taken to assess periodontal status are panoramic radiographs with selected periapicals. Few hospitals operate a protocol for prescribing radiographs.
Sensitometric evaluation of a new F-speed dental radiographic film
Authors: Price C 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To compare a new experimental Kodak (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) F-speed dental X-ray film with Ektaspeed Plus and Ultra-speed.

METHODS
The three types of film were exposed and processed under standardized conditions. Values of base plus fog, speed, and film contrast were derived. Resolution was compared by a line-pair plate.

RESULTS
Under these experimental conditions, the speed of the new film was just into the F-speed range, and a little over twice as fast as Ultra-speed. The Ektaspeed Plus emulsion was somewhat slower than previously recorded when it was first introduced, but around the centre of the E-speed range. Ektaspeed Plus and the new F-speed film had almost identical film contrasts, the F-speed film having slightly greater contrast in the higher density range. Ultra-speed contrast was marginally greater in the lower density range, but was overtaken by both of the other emulsions at higher densities. All three emulsions had low values of base plus fog. Both E- and F-speed films resolved 10 line-pairs per millimetre well, though both emulsions were inferior to Ultra-speed.

CONCLUSIONS
The new F-speed film, since marketed as Insight, provides a further saving in radiation exposure, with no evident deterioration in film contrast or resolution.
Sensitometric comparison of speed group E and F dental radiographic films
Authors: Geist J R , Brand J W 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the sensitometric characteristics of Insight, (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) a new F-speed film, in fresh and depleted processing solutions and compare them with Ektaspeed Plus.

METHODS
Two sets each of Insight (IP) and Ektaspeed Plus (EP) films were exposed to radiation levels ranging from 10.7 to 685.2 microGy. One set of films was processed in fresh chemicals while the other set was processed in solutions that had been used for 5 days to process over 500 radiographs. Unexposed films of both types were processed in both solutions to determine base-plus-fog density. Speed and contrast were measured according to ISO definitions and at other levels of density.

RESULTS
IP was in speed group F as measured at optical density 1 above base-plus-fog when processed under both conditions. It was 25% faster than EP when both were processed in new solutions and 35% faster in the old solutions, permitting a 20-24% reduction in exposure time. The speeds of both film types decreased when processed in used solutions, but the decrease was smaller for IP than for EP. Speeds at other density levels were greater for IP than EP. Contrast as defined by ISO, and over other density ranges, was similar for both films.

CONCLUSIONS
Insight is an F-speed film with a speed at least 25% greater than Ektaspeed Plus. IP is more resistant than Ektaspeed Plus to decreases in speed when processed in used chemicals. Contrast of IP and EP is comparable over several density ranges.
Evaluation of an ossifying fibroma using three-dimensional computed tomography
Authors: Cavalcanti M G , Ruprecht A , Vannier M W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We describe the appearance of a mandibular ossifying fibroma in spiral computed tomography-based multiplanar (MPR) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction using computer graphics. The usefulness of the interactive reconstructed images, especially using a vascular protocol, for qualitative and quantitative analyses is demonstrated. This technique is an important adjunct to evaluation with conventional axial CT.
Perioperative validation of localisation of the mental foramen
Authors: Bou Serhal C , Jacobs R , Flygare L , Quirynen M , van Steenberghe D 
Published: October 2024

AIM
To assess the accuracy of panoramic radiography and spiral or computed tomography for the localisation of the mental foramen.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The distance from the alveolar crest to the mental foramen was measured from panoramic radiographs, spiral tomograms and CT scans. The same distance was measured during implant surgery using a specially designed caliper.

RESULTS
Panoramic radiography showed more deviation (+0.6 mm) from the perioperative measurements than either spiral or computed tomography (+0.4 and -0.3 mm respectively). The difference was significant (P&lt;0.05). In general, distances were overestimated on the panoramic radiographs.

CONCLUSIONS
Cross-sectional imaging techniques are recommended for the pre-operative planning of implants in the posterior mandible.
Fiber Lasers – Advancing the Frontier of High Power Light
Authors: Galvanauskas Almantas 
Published: October 2024

During the last two and a half decades fiber lasers underwent a revolutionary transformation in their power from initially operating at Watt level to currently capable of producing multi-kW beams. This enabled a widespread use of fiber lasers in a wide range of industrial and defense applications. These revolutionary advances in power and energy are continuing, mostly along the path of coherent and incoherent combining of multiple fiber lasers, which exploits the advantage inherent in fiber technologies for monolithic integration to achieve compact and robust systems even with a large number of parallel laser channels. This is a particularly promising pathway for scaling powers and energies of ultrashort pulse lasers for driving secondary radiation sources of energetic accelerated electrons and positrons, as well as generating high energy neutrons, protons, gamma rays and high-brightness X-rays, which promise new application areas ranging from fundamental science to material science, biology, medicine, and numerous new industrial uses.
This summer school lecture will cover fundamentals of rare-earth doped fiber lasers, will describe numerous innovations that enabled ultra-large core fibers constituting the foundation of high power lasers, will survey state-of-the-art performance of different types of laser systems, and will review recent progress in coherently combined fiber lasers.
Dual-oscillator field-resolved infrared spectroscopy with 2-octave-spanning spectral coverage
Authors: Steinleitner Philipp , Potamianos Dionysios , Paudel Arun , Gröbmeyer Sebastian , Sebesta Aleksandar , Chamankar Amaj , Heydarian Hojjat , Jahedi Behnam Abbasvand , Kowalczyk Maciej , Lenke Nathalie , Krausz Ferenc , Weigel Alexander 
Published: October 2024

We present dual-oscillator field-resolved infrared spectroscopy based on two ultrafast Cr:ZnS oscillators. The instrument combines cascaded intra-pulse-difference- frequency generation with ultra-rapid electro-optic sampling to record infrared spectra over the range 800-3300 cm-1 at sub-millisecond scan times.
© 2024 The Author(s)
Interventions Thérapeutiques Musicales (ITM) et Éducation Thérapeutique du Patient (ETP)
Authors: Zollet Benoit , Pellecchia Alessandra , Fabre Sylvie , Guétin Stéphane 
Published: October 2024

Introduction : L’ETP implique un cadre éducatif alors que la musicothérapie relève d’un cadre thérapeutique. Ainsi, les objectifs poursuivis ne sont pas nécessairement les mêmes. Comment alors intégrer le soin par la musique à l’ETP ? Objectif : Nous avons souhaité explorer la pertinence des ITM dans le cadre de l’ETP. Description : Des séances d’ETP basées sur la musique ont été réalisées auprès de quinze patients atteints de maladies chroniques, inscrits à des programmes d’ETP en présentiel ou en web-atelier au cours des années 2020 et 2021. Les ressentis des participants face à la pertinence des ITM pour gérer notamment l’anxiété et la fatigue dans leur soin quotidien ont été examinés. Discussion : Les ateliers réalisés montrent la faisabilité de sensibiliser les patients au soin par la musique dans le cadre de l’ETP. La gestion des émotions, du stress, la communication ou la création de liens interpersonnels sont autant d’aspects pouvant être abordés par les ITM en ETP. Les ITM pourraient également être utiles en ETP pour favoriser une prise de recul des patients par rapport à leur pathologie. Conclusion : Les ITM peuvent être ajustés au cadre de l’ETP de manière pertinente, que ce soit en présentiel ou en web-atelier.
Finite element modeling for analyzing the production of high-strength steel sheets for automobile parts
Authors: Sanrutsadakorn Apichat , Jhonthong Napatsakorn , Julsri Weerapong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
An investigation was conducted on developing components from high-strength steel sheet grade 590, with a thickness of 2.40 millimeters, using finite element analysis. The focus was on predicting springback and deviation behavior during the manufacturing process of a Member C inner workpiece. The research comprised a comprehensive examination of chemical composition, microstructural analysis, and mechanical property testing to establish suitable material models for the forming process. Three material models were evaluated for accuracy, including the Barlat89 yield criteria, the Y-U model, and the Barlat89 yield criteria + Y-U model. Cyclic tension-compression tests were used to determine the parameters of the Barlat89 yield criteria + Y-U model, which were then confirmed using the 1-element model. The predicted bend angles for the manufactured samples were highly consistent with the experimental measurements. The three models were used to predict the strain distribution, springback and deviation behavior in the produced components. The results indicated that all three material models produced similar results in terms of strain distribution. However, the Barlat89 yield criteria + Y-U model exhibited the least inaccuracy when all seven sections were averaged, with angles θ1L of 93.66 degrees and θ1R of 93.13 degrees, underscoring its superior performance in predicting springback. The deviation behavior predicted by the three material model simulations was very comparable. Consequently, it can be concluded that the Barlat89 yield criteria + Y-U model represented the most precise and suitable choice for simulating the formation of the Member C inner component.
How population aging affects carbon footprints in US households: a comparative study with Japan
Authors: Wang Jiahuan , Huang Yuzhuo , Long Yin , Chapman Andrew , Shigetomi Yosuke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Demographic aging has emerged as a global societal concern, posing a challenge to decarbonization efforts. This study investigates the impact of demographic aging on household decarbonization by first quantifying age-bracket-specific household carbon footprints (HCF) in the United States (U.S.), and comparing them to Japan, a country facing the most serious aging issues among economically developed countries. To explore future challenges, an estimation of the effects of demographic shifts on HCFs to the late 2030’s using multi-regional input-output analysis. It was revealed that the highest per-capita HCF was associated with middle-aged (45–54) households, reaching 31.9 t-CO2eq/cap in the U.S., more than double the same age bracket in Japan. Due to an influx of younger immigrants in the U.S., future demographic changes are projected to increase the total HCF by 684.5 Mt-CO2eq from 2011 to 2038. In contrast, Japan is expected to see a decrease of 28.4 Mt-CO2eq from 2011 to 2040. The comparison between the U.S. and Japan highlights two distinct pathways resulting from future demographic trends, underscoring the need for CF mitigation efforts to target U.S. household demand specifically. In response to this, policy recommendations are proposed to reduce HCFs in the U.S., particularly in light of its aging and immigration challenges.
Hydrogen adsorption on zinc-terminated ZnO(0001) surface at varying coverages and its effects on electronic and optical properties: a DFT+U study
Authors: Dizon John Symon C , Empizo Melvin John F , Salvador Arnel A , Sarukura Nobuhiko , Nakanishi Hiroshi , Padama Allan Abraham B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Spin-polarized density functional theory implementing Hubbard corrections (DFT + U) were utilized to study H adsorption of different coverages on Zn-terminated ZnO(0001) surface. Changes in electronic and optical properties were observed upon H adsorption of varying coverages, namely with 0.25 monolayer (ML), 0.50 ML, 1 ML, and 2 ML coverage. In terms of surface structure, H atoms were found to adsorb on top of Zn forming Zn–H bond lengths ranging from 1.54–1.73 Å for certain coverages. On the other hand, O–H bond length values are 2.41 Å and 2.37 Å for 0.50 ML and 2 ML coverage respectively. Additionally, for 0.50 ML, the most stable configuration is when one H atom adsorbs on top of Zn and the other near the hollow site. At low coverage (0.25 ML and 0.50 ML), H prefers to interact with topmost layer Zn atoms resulting to shifts in the electronic bands relative to the pristine surface’s. In addition, at high coverage (1 ML and 2 ML), shifting of bands are observed and are mainly guided by Zn–H atom interaction for 1 ML and weak H–O atom interaction for 2 ML. The observed decrease in band gap as the coverage was increased from 1 ML to 2 ML is supported by the red shift in the absorption plot. However, for low H coverage adsorption, the optical plots deviate due to emergence of flat bands. Changes in electronic properties such as shifts in conduction band minimum and decrease in measured band gap occur as guided by the interaction of adsorbed H atoms with the surface atoms and are supported with obtained optical plots. These findings present the tunability of Zn-terminated ZnO(0001) polar surface properties depending on H coverage.
Exploring residual stress analysis in the machining of hypoeutectic high chromium white cast iron alloys through the hole-drilling method
Authors: Ngqase M , Nheta W , Madzivhandila T , Phasha M , Pan X 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
High chromium white cast irons (HCWCIs), ASTM A352, Type A and Class III, i.e., 25%Cr iron in as-cast condition consists of proeutectic austenite (γ-Fe), transformed martensite (α-Fe) and discontinuous Cr-rich, i.e., M7C3/ (Cr, Fe)7C3 type of carbides, which are hard and brittle in nature. Fully annealed thermal treatment was performed to improve iron’s machinability leading to fully pearlitic matrix with minor retained γ-Fe content. Eutectic (Cr, Fe)7C3 type of carbides are not affected by heat treatment processes. Resulting from corresponding manufacturing process, the magnitude and distribution of residual stresses (RSs) in as-cast and after machining were measured using hole-drilling method (HDM), as they are known to be harmful to corrosion and fatigue resistance. Furthermore, general metallurgical material characterisation was performed in as-cast and heat-treated conditions. As a result, this study revealed hardness variation, 547 and 555BHN in as-cast as compared to 327BHN in heat-treated condition. Furnace and actual cast component chemical analysis revealed a slight variation, especially between carbon (C) and chromium (Cr). Furthermore, eutectic type of carbides and precipitated secondary, i.e., (Cr, Fe)23C6 type of carbides within fully pearlitic matrix with minor amounts of retained γ-Fe were detected within the dominant matrix, i.e., pearlitic matrix in as-annealed condition. Detected magnitude and distributions of RSs on heat-treated sample resulted in higher tensile stresses in the surface and compressive in the interior as compared to sample in as-cast condition. Thus, this study was successfully in measuring RSs in as-cast and upon machining of hypoeutectic irons of HCWCI alloys using HDM.
Quantum state reconstruction via disentanglement with sequential optimization algorithm
Authors: Yao Juan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, we report a novel quantum state reconstruction process based on the disentanglement algorithm. We propose a sequential disentanglement scheme, which can transform an unknown quantum state into a product of computational zero states. The inverse evolution of the zero states reconstructs the quantum state up to an overall phase. By sequentially disentangling the qubits one by one, we reduce the required measurements with only individual qubit measurement and identify the transformation unitary efficiently. Variational quantum circuit and reinforcement learning methods are used for the quantum circuit design for continuous and discrete quantum gates implementation. Demonstrations with our proposal for the reconstruction of the random states are presented. Our method is universal and imposes no specific ansatz or constraint on the quantum state.
Microresonator-enhanced quantum dot single-photon emission in GaAs-on-insulator platform
Authors: Zhou Yueguang , Yang Yuhui , Limame Imad , Mudi Priyabrata , Hohn Marcel , Piccinini Claudia , Munkhbat Battulga , Genuist Yann , Gérard Jean-Michel , Claudon Julien , Yvind Kresten , Gregersen Niels , Reitzenstein Stephan , Pu Minhao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Single-photon emitters play a crucial role in integrated photonic quantum systems across various material platforms. In this study, we present a cavity-enhanced quantum dot single-photon source in a high-index contrast material platform (GaAs-on-insulator). A quantum dot is embedded in a microring resonator with a quality factor of approximately 9000, where the cavity-induced light enhancement results in a spontaneous emission acceleration factor of around 2.6, and we achieve a

g

(
2
)

(
0
)

as low as 0.03 ± 0.02 and post-selected two-photon interference visibility of 51.7

%
±
3.2
%

for the single-photon source. This demonstration shows the potential of the GaAs-on-Insulator platform for scalable on-chip quantum information processing.