bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les représentations sociales pour cerner l’évolution des conceptions de la forêt québécoise : une analyse autour du documentaire L’erreur boréale
Authors: Paré Isabelle 
Published: June 2017

La multiplicité des façons d’aborder l’environnement se transpose nécessairement sur la forêt. Appréhender comment les gens conçoivent cette dernière est une opération plus complexe qu’il n’y paraît. Dans cette réalité multiple, flexible et sociale, la forêt convoque différents bagages et tout autant de savoirs à son propos. Alors que, partout dans le monde, les controverses sur sa gestion sont fréquentes, sa définition, complexe, doit être approchée avec nuances. Cette étude scrute, à l’aide des outils conceptuels que propose la théorie des représentations sociales, de quelles façons était conçue la forêt dans l’espace public et examine ce en quoi une controverse, le cas de la diffusion du documentaire militant L’erreur boréale, a alimenté la transformation de ces conceptions. Une approche méthodologique mixte combinant analyse de similitude et analyse thématique du contenu a permis de dégager les représentations sociales de la forêt, tel qu’elles étaient véhiculées dans le quotidien La Tribune, avant et après la diffusion de L’erreur boréale. L’analyse des RS avant la diffusion du film a permis d’en dégager une, la forêt généreuse. La controverse a entraîné l’émergence ou la transformation de 4 représentations sociales : la forêt précieuse, la forêt dure, mais généreuse, la forêt menacée et la forêt abstraite.
Ebola virus disease: Essential clinical knowledge
Authors: Khalafallah Mahmoud Tawfik , Aboshady Omar Ali , Moawed Shaban Ahmed , Ramadan Menna Said 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Since its initial outbreak in 1976, Ebola virus disease (EVD) has affected thousands of people, causing severe illness with high mortality rates. In the absence of a vaccine or effective specific treatment, as well as the lack of early diagnostic and detective methods, the EVD outbreak has generated a significant worldwide health concern. Insufficient health-care system resources, deficient infection control measures, and the shortage of appropriate personal protective equipment acted as amplifiers of the outbreak extension, especially in poorly resourced and unprepared communities. Operating on the frontlines, health-care workers must be familiar, not only with the identification of the disease, but also with the ability to protect themselves and initiate the appropriate response. This review seeks to provide essential information required to identify and manage the disease, with an emphasis on pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. We conducted a literature search in MEDLINE/PubMed and Google Scholar using the following keywords: “Ebola, Ebola virus disease, Hemorrhagic Fever, Outbreak.” We included all types of publications. To augment our study, we searched the reference lists of identified reviews.
From Empire to Independence: Colonial Space in the Writing of Tutuola, Ekwensi, Beti, and Kane
Authors: Krishnan Madhu 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article examines the production of space in four early Anglophone and Francophone West African novels, reading Amos Tutuola's The Palm-Wine Drinkard (Nigeria, 1952), Cyprian Ekwensi's People of the City (Nigeria, 1954), Mongo Beti's Mission terminée (Cameroon, 1957), and Cheikh Hamidou Kane's L'Aventure ambiguë (Senegal, 1961) alongside broader social, political, and economic spatial discourses from the 1950s and 1960s. By so doing, the article unpacks the articulated correspondences between literary space and its wider materiality in ways that are both explicit and implicit. Drawing on insights from human geography, this essay explores the extent to which the distinct spatial programs of the British and French empires manifest within Anglophone and Francophone West African writing in the years leading to independence, ultimately arguing that the latter displays a range of discrepant, horizontal formulations in contrast to the more monolithic, vertical spatiality of the latter.
Comparison of AUDIT and CAGE questionnaires in screening for alcohol use disorders in elderly primary care outpatients
Authors: Clay Steven W. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUD) can be destructive in the elderly because of drug interactions, higher blood alcohol levels per amount consumed, and limited functional reserve. However, physicians diagnose only about 30% of elderly with AUD. The objective of this study was to screen for AUD in rural elderly family medicine outpatients using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). A survey of all presenting patients aged 65 years or older who consented (N = 93) was done in four family practices in Southeast Ohio. Measurements included the CAGE and AUDIT questionnaires. On the AUDIT, 13 subjects (14.0%), [10 men, 3 women], screened positive for AUD, scoring 5 or more points, and seven subjects (7.5%) [six men, one woman] screened positive for AUD, scoring 8 or more points. On the CAGE, five men (5.4%) but no women screened positive (>2 affirmatives). The prevalence of AUD found in this survey (5.4% to 14.0%) is consistent with previous studies. Based on these findings, the AUDIT may be a useful screening instrument in the elderly population.
Comparing psychotic and affective disorders by musculoskeletal structural examination
Authors: PharmD, Jan Lei Iwata, , Rodos J. Jerry Rodos , Glonek Thomas , Habenight Ann L. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Groups of hospitalized patients with psychotic and affective disorders (N = 60) underwent musculoskeletal structural examination. Psychotic and affective disorders each tend to affect a different portion of the musculoskeletal system, with psychotic patients exhibiting increased musculoskeletal dysfunction in the lower extremities and affective-disorders patients exhibiting increased cervical and thoracic dysfunction. At the clinical level, the structural examination may be us~d to correlate psychiatric disorders with dysfunctional regions of the musculoskeletal system.
Characteristics of the initial stage and return stroke currents of rocket‐triggered lightning flashes in southern China
Authors: Zheng Dong , Zhang Yijun , Zhang Yang , Lu Weitao , Yan Xu , Chen Shaodong , Xu Liangtao , Huang Zhigang , You Jin , Zhang Rong , Su Zhiguo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the initial stage (IS) and return stroke (RS) currents of 50 triggered lightning flashes (TLFs) that were conducted in southern China. The IS of the negative TLFs has a longer duration and larger average current, charge transfer, and action integral than those reported elsewhere, with geometric means (GMs) of 347.9 ms, 132.5 A, 45.1 C, and 10.0 × 103 A2 s, respectively. Two positive TLFs containing no RS have much greater average currents, charge transfers, and action integrals in the IS when compared with the negative TLFs. The RS has a greater peak current (17.2 kA; GM, same to below), charge transfer within 1 ms (1.3 C), and action integral within 1 ms (5.8 × 103 A2 s), and shorter 10% to 90% rise time (0.4 μs) than elsewhere. The peak current is prominently correlated with the rate of rise, charge transfer within 1 ms, and action integral within 1 ms. Furthermore, when the total duration of the RS and any following continuing currents is longer than 40 ms, the peak current, charge transfer within 1 ms, and action integral within 1 ms of the RS are seldom greater than 25 kA, 2.6 C, and 15 × 103 A2 s, respectively. It is indicated that TLFs containing RSs tend to have a longer duration but a smaller charge transfer during the IS than those without RS. The peak current of the RS is weakly correlated with its preceding silence period when there was no channel base current.
Production of cationic dyeable poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers via nanotechnology
Authors: Tavanaie Mohammad Ali , Dastjerdi Roya , Sepehrian Nazanin , Ghasami Alireza 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNano‐titanium oxide/nano‐zinc oxide/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (nano‐TiO2/nano‐ZnO/PET) nanocomposite fibers were successfully prepared by a laboratory‐scale melt spinning process. The properties of pure and modified PET fibers including tensile (tenacity and elongation at break) and thermal properties, and the dyeability properties of cationic dyes with and without carrier were studied. The modified PET nanocomposite fiber containing 0.15 wt% nano‐titanium dioxide and 0.15 wt% nano‐zinc oxide showed the best cationic dye adsorption property, excellent washing fastness and good light fastness. Also, a significant effect on the dye adsorption of modified PET fibers was observed at boiling temperature due to the presence of carrier agent.
Effect of Electron‐Transport Material on Light‐Induced Degradation of Inverted Planar Junction Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Akbulatov Azat F. , Frolova Lyubov A. , Griffin Monroe P. , Gearba Ioana R. , Dolocan Andrei , Vanden Bout David A. , Tsarev Sergey , Katz Eugene A. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Stevenson Keith J. , Troshin Pavel A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a systematic study of the influence of electron‐transport materials on the operation stability of the inverted perovskite solar cells under both laboratory indoor and the natural outdoor conditions in the Negev desert. It is shown that all devices incorporating a Phenyl C61 Butyric Acid Methyl ester ([60]PCBM) layer undergo rapid degradation under illumination without exposure to oxygen and moisture. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling reveals that volatile products from the decomposition of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) films diffuse through the [60]PCBM layer, go all the way toward the top metal electrode, and induce its severe corrosion with the formation of an interfacial AgI layer. On the contrary, alternative electron‐transport material based on the perylendiimide derivative provides good isolation for the MAPbI3 films preventing their decomposition and resulting in significantly improved device operation stability. The obtained results strongly suggest that the current approach to design inverted perovskite solar cells should evolve with respect to the replacement of the commonly used fullerene‐based electron‐transport layers with other types of materials (e.g., functionalized perylene diimides). It is believed that these findings pave a way toward substantial improvements in the stability of the perovskite solar cells, which are essential for successful commercialization of this photovoltaic technology.
Chimpanzee ankle and foot joint kinematics: Arboreal versus terrestrial locomotion
Authors: Holowka Nicholas B. , O'Neill Matthew C. , Thompson Nathan E. , Demes Brigitte 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesMany aspects of chimpanzee ankle and midfoot joint morphology are believed to reflect adaptations for arboreal locomotion. However, terrestrial travel also constitutes a significant component of chimpanzee locomotion, complicating functional interpretations of chimpanzee and fossil hominin foot morphology. Here we tested hypotheses of foot motion and, in keeping with general assumptions, we predicted that chimpanzees would use greater ankle and midfoot joint ranges of motion during travel on arboreal supports than on the ground.MethodsWe used a high‐speed motion capture system to measure three‐dimensional kinematics of the ankle and midfoot joints in two male chimpanzees during three locomotor modes: terrestrial quadrupedalism on a flat runway, arboreal quadrupedalism on a horizontally oriented tree trunk, and climbing on a vertically oriented tree trunk.ResultsChimpanzees used relatively high ankle joint dorsiflexion angles during all three locomotor modes, although dorsiflexion was greatest in arboreal modes. They used higher subtalar joint coronal plane ranges of motion during terrestrial and arboreal quadrupedalism than during climbing, due in part to their use of high eversion angles in the former. Finally, they used high midfoot inversion angles during arboreal locomotor modes, but used similar midfoot sagittal plane kinematics across all locomotor modes.DiscussionThe results indicate that chimpanzees use large ranges of motion at their various ankle and midfoot joints during both terrestrial and arboreal locomotion. Therefore, we argue that chimpanzee foot anatomy enables a versatile locomotor repertoire, and urge caution when using foot joint morphology to reconstruct arboreal behavior in fossil hominins.
Switching Between Giant Positive and Negative Thermal Expansions of a YFe(CN)6‐based Prussian Blue Analogue Induced by Guest Species
Authors: Gao Qilong , Chen Jun , Sun Qiang , Chang Dahu , Huang Qingzhen , Wu Hui , Sanson Andrea , Milazzo Ruggero , Zhu He , Li Qiang , Liu Zhanning , Deng Jinxia , Xing Xianran 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe control of thermal expansion of solid compounds is intriguing but remains challenging. The effect of guests on the thermal expansion of open‐framework structures was investigated. Notably, the presence of guest ions (K+) and molecules (H2O) can substantially switch thermal expansion of YFe(CN)6 from negative (αv=−33.67×10−6 K−1) to positive (αv=+42.72×10−6 K−1)—a range that covers the thermal expansion of most inorganic compounds. The mechanism of such substantial thermal expansion switching is revealed by joint studies with synchrotron X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption fine structure, neutron powder diffraction, and density functional theory calculations. The presence of guest ions or molecules plays a critical damping effect on transverse vibrations, thus inhibiting negative thermal expansion. An effective method is demonstrated to control the thermal expansion in open‐framework materials by adjusting the presence of guests.
The First Step of the Oxidation of Elemental Sulfur: Crystal Structure of the Homopolyatomic Sulfur Radical Cation [S8].+
Authors: Derendorf Janis , Jenne Carsten , Keßler Mathias 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe oxidation of elemental sulfur in superacidic solutions and melts is one of the oldest topics in inorganic main group chemistry. Thus far, only three homopolyatomic sulfur cations ([S4]2+, [S8]2+, and [S19]2+) have been characterized crystallographically although ESR investigations have given evidence for the presence of at least two additional homopolyatomic sulfur radical cations in solution. Herein, the crystal structure of the hitherto unknown homopolyatomic sulfur radical cation [S8].+ is presented. The radical cation [S8].+ represents the first step of the oxidation of the S8 molecule present in elemental sulfur. It has a structure similar to the known structure of [S8]2+, but the transannular sulfur⋅⋅⋅sulfur contact is significantly elongated. Quantum‐chemical calculations help in understanding its structure and support its presence in solution as a stable compound. The existence of [S8].+ is also in accord with previous ESR investigations.
Structural Basis for Expansion of the Genetic Alphabet with an Artificial Nucleobase Pair
Authors: Betz Karin , Kimoto Michiko , Diederichs Kay , Hirao Ichiro , Marx Andreas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHydrophobic artificial nucleobase pairs without the ability to pair through hydrogen bonds are promising candidates to expand the genetic alphabet. The most successful nucleobase surrogates show little similarity to each other and their natural counterparts. It is thus puzzling how these unnatural molecules are processed by DNA polymerases that have evolved to efficiently work with the natural building blocks. Here, we report structural insight into the insertion of one of the most promising hydrophobic unnatural base pairs, the dDs–dPx pair, into a DNA strand by a DNA polymerase. We solved a crystal structure of KlenTaq DNA polymerase with a modified template/primer duplex bound to the unnatural triphosphate. The ternary complex shows that the artificial pair adopts a planar structure just like a natural nucleobase pair, and identifies features that might hint at the mechanisms accounting for the lower incorporation efficiency observed when processing the unnatural substrates.
β‐Co(OH)2 Nanosheets: A Superior Pseudocapacitive Electrode for High‐Energy Supercapacitors
Authors: Ulaganathan Mani , Maharjan Mr. Makhan , Yan Qingyu , Aravindan Vanchiappan , Madhavi Srinivasan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this work, β‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets are explored as efficient pseudocapacitive materials for the fabrication of 1.6 V class high‐energy supercapacitors in asymmetric fashion. The as‐synthesized β‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets displayed an excellent electrochemical performance owing to their unique structure, morphology, and reversible reaction kinetics (fast faradic reaction) in both the three‐electrode and asymmetric configuration (with activated carbon, AC). For example, in the three‐electrode set‐up, β‐Co(OH)2 exhibits a high specific capacitance of ∼675 F g−1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1. In the asymmetric supercapacitor, the β‐Co(OH)2∥AC cell delivers a maximum energy density of 37.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1. Even at harsh conditions (8 kW kg−1), an energy density of 15.64 Wh kg−1 is registered for the β‐Co(OH)2∥AC assembly. Such an impressive performance of β‐Co(OH)2 nanosheets in the asymmetric configuration reveals the emergence of pseudocapacitive electrodes towards the fabrication of high‐energy electrochemical charge storage systems.
Amorphous Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles as Active Water‐Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Chen Zheng , Duan Zhiyao , Wang Zhiliang , Liu Xiaoyan , Gu Lin , Zhang Fuxiang , Dupuis Michel , Li Can 
Published: June 2017

AbstractArtificial photosynthesis requires the practical use of efficient, robust, and economical water‐oxidation catalysts (WOCs) for chemical‐fuel production. The synthesis of amorphous cobalt oxide nanoparticles (ca. 2 nm) is reported as a WOC with a turnover frequency up to 8.6 s−1 in the photocatalytic Ru(bpy)32+–Na2S2O8 system (bpy=2,2′‐bipyridyl). This activity is unprecedented in heterogeneous cobalt‐based WOCs and is even comparable to that of a state‐of‐the‐art homogeneous cobalt‐based polyoxometalate catalyst. With the help of experimental and computational X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, the atomic structure of the synthesized amorphous cobalt oxide nanoparticles was characterized, and it consists of a one‐dimensional chain of dimeric edge‐sharing CoO6 octahedra. Theoretical calculations suggest that this structure was able to promote O−O bond coupling, unlike crystalline cobalt oxide WOCs, which led to the enhanced water‐oxidation activity.
A Surprising Failure Mechanism in Symmetric Supercapacitors at High Voltages
Authors: Borenstein Arie , Attias Ran , Hanna Ortal , Luski Shalom , Kaner Richard B. , Aurbach Doron 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIonic liquids (ILs) are attractive candidates for high‐voltage electrochemical energy storage systems, owing to their high electrochemical stability. Recently, a unique eutectic mixture of ILs was reported to demonstrate outstanding performance in supercapacitor systems at low temperatures. Yet, many publications using this or similar IL mixtures reported only a limited voltage or cyclability when utilizing them with practical activated carbon electrodes. With supercapacitors consisting of symmetric electrodes, in which voltages higher than 3 V are applied, fast capacity fading and activity termination are observed. In order to exceed the limit of 3 V for supercapacitors that use electrolyte solutions possessing wide electrochemical windows, we thoroughly investigated the (unexpected) failure mechanism, using several analytical methods. This is the most important aspect of the paper. By this, we discovered a pronounced difference in the electrochemical behavior of the negative and the positive electrodes, which has significant implications on the operation of full symmetric cells at high voltages. Finally, we propose a solution that enables stable operation of cells up to 3.4 V. By balancing the mass of the electrodes, we prevent high‐voltage failure and control the voltage split to use the full electrochemical window of each electrode and obtain a higher cell voltage of 3.4 V and an energy density higher than 40 Wh/kg (of the electrode materials). The most important aspect of this work was a rigorous study of the failure mechanism.
Self‐Assembly of Cyclohelicate [M3L3] Triangles Over [M4L4] Squares, Despite Near‐Linear Bis‐terdentate L and Octahedral M
Authors: Hogue Ross W. , Dhers Sébastien , Hellyer Ryan M. , Luo Jingwei , Hanan Garry S. , Larsen David S. , Garden Anna L. , Brooker Sally 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSelf‐assembly of 1:1:2 MII(BF4)2 (M=Zn or Fe), pyrazine‐2,5‐dicarbaldehyde (1) and 2‐(2‐aminoethyl)pyridine gave trimetallic triangle architectures rather than the anticipated tetrametallic [2×2] squares. Options for the nontrivial synthesis of 1 are considered, and synthetic details provided for both preferred routes. Rare cyclohelicate triangle architectures are observed for the pair of structurally characterized yellow‐brown [Zn3L3](BF4)6 and dark green [Fe3L3](BF4)6 complexes of the neutral bis‐terdentate Schiff base L. In order to form these pyrazine‐edged triangles, the octahedral metal ions—with all 6 N‐donors provided by the terdentate binding pockets of two L—are located 0.4–0.5 Å out of the plane of the bridging pyrazines, towards the center of the triangle. Density functional theory calculations confirm that simple particle counting entropic arguments, which predict triangles over squares, are correct here, with the triangles shown to be energetically favored over the corresponding squares. However, importantly, DFT analysis of these and related triangle versus square systems also show that vibrational contributions to entropy dominate and may significantly influence the preferred architecture, such that simple particle counting cannot in general be reliably employed to predict the observed architecture.
Conspecific density dependence and community structure: Insights from 11 years of monitoring in an old‐growth temperate forest in Northeast China
Authors: Kuang Xu , Zhu Kai , Yuan Zuoqiang , Lin Fei , Ye Ji , Wang Xugao , Wang Yunyun , Hao Zhanqing 
Published: June 2017

AbstractForest community structure may be influenced by seedling density dependence, however, the effect is loosely coupled with population dynamics and diversity in the short term. In the long term the strength of conspecific density dependence may fluctuate over time because of seedling abundance, yet few long‐term studies exist. Based on 11 years of seedling census data and tree census data from a 25‐ha temperate forest plot in Northeast China, we used generalized linear mixed models to test the relative effects of local neighborhood density and abiotic factors on seedling density and seedling survival. Spatial point pattern analysis was used to determine if spatial patterns of saplings and juveniles, in relation to conspecific adults, were in accordance with patterns uncovered by conspecific negative density dependence at the seedling stage. Our long‐term results showed that seedling density was mainly positively affected by conspecific density, suggesting dispersal limitation of seedling development. The probability of seedling survival significantly decreased over 1 year with increasing conspecific density, indicating conspecific negative density dependence in seedling establishment. Although there was variation in conspecific negative density dependence at the seedling stage among species and across years, a dispersed pattern of conspecific saplings relative to conspecific adults at the local scale (<10 m) was observed in four of the 11 species examined. Overall, sapling spatial patterns were consistent with the impacts of conspecific density on seedling dynamics, which suggests that conspecific negative density dependence is persistent over the long term. From the long‐term perspective, conspecific density dependence is an important driver of species coexistence in temperate forests.