bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper Sensing in Alkaline Electrolyte Using Anodic Stripping Voltammetry by Means of a Lead Mediator
Authors: Duay Jonathon , Ortiz‐Santiago Joed E. , Lambert Timothy N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAnodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) is an analysis technique that permits the selective and quantitative analysis of metal ion species in solution. It is most commonly applied in neutral to acidic electrolyte largely due to inherent metal ion solubility. Bismuth (Bi) is a common film used for ASV due to its good sensitivity, overall stability and insensitivity to O2. ASV, utilizing a Bi film, along with cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) as the plating mediators, has recently been adapted to determine zinc (Zn) concentrations in highly alkaline environments (30 % NaOH or 35 % M KOH). Successful analysis of Zn in alkaline relies on the ability of the hydroxide to form soluble metal anion species, such as Bi(OH)4− and Zn(OH)42−. Here, we look to extend this technique to detect and quantify copper (Cu) ions in these highly basic electrolytes. However, in general, the use of ASV to detect and quantify Cu ion concentrations is notoriously difficult as the Cu stripping peak potential overlays with that of Bi from the common Bi film electrode. Here, an ASV method for determining Cu concentration in alkaline solutions is developed utilizing Pb as a deposition mediator. As such, it was found that when analyzing Cu solutions in the presence of Pb, the stripping voltammetry curves present separate and defined Cu stripping peaks. Different analyzes were made to find the best stripping voltammetry performance conditions. As such, an accumulation time of 5 minutes, an accumulation potential of≤−1.45 V vs. Hg/HgO, and a concentration of 35 wt% KOH were determined to be the conditions that presented the best ASV results. Utilizing these conditions, calibration curves in the presence of 5.0 ppm Pb showed the best linear stripping signal correlation with an r‐squared value of 0.991 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.67 ppm. These results give way to evaluating Cu concentrations using ASV in aqueous alkaline solutions.
Safety assessment of existing retaining structures
Authors: Rebhan Matthias J. , Vorwagner Alois , Kwapisz Maciej , Marte Roman , Tschuchnigg Franz , Burtscher Stefan L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOver the last years, an increase of damages and defects of geotechnical structures has been observed during detailed safety assessments. This is mostly related to the rising age of these structures and the related decrease of the bearing capacity. The handling and dealing with these existing structures will be a challenging task for future civil engineers. This article should give an insight into damages and defects of retaining structures, which are quite difficult to detect and evaluate in terms of safety and risk. The first part of the article gives a short overview on the state of the art when it comes to the safety assessment of existing retaining structures and introduces a new, currently being edited, ÖGG guideline for this field of civil engineering. The second part deals with corrosion‐induced damages on cantilever walls and shows first results of the research project SIBS (safety assessment of existing retaining structures).
Maintenance of rail tunnels – Strategy with vision
Authors: Heissenberger Roman , Holcik Alfred 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRail tunnels in Austria have to be amortized over an economic life of 150 years, so asset allocation has to focus on project control, project support and on predictive maintenance of tunnel lining and dewatering systems. Especially in view of the increase in total tunnel length by more than 100 per cent within the next ten years, the principles of predictive maintenance have to be improved. For this purpose, the development of proofed hybrid multi‐scale methods is necessary. These methods have been used in the past to evaluate stresses in shotcrete linings, and future strategies could use the same methods for stress evaluation in the whole support structure. The second major point concentrates on work on monitoring and prediction of deposits in drain pipes. We have to look closely at filling levels and the degree of hardness of the deposits.
Good documentation is always objective
Authors: Scholz Marcus , Spaun Georg 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe basis for reliable geological documentation is absolute objectivity. The encountered geological conditions should be documented to the latest technical and scientific standards without any ulterior motive. This is so important because geological documentation is often the basis for essential decisions or assessments. The significance of geological documentation is sometimes underestimated. Without reliable documentation, facts are irretrievably lost. Sometimes geological documentation is biased, and principally serves for the justification of claims or serves to negate deviations from the conditions predicted in the tender documents. This sort of documentation is wrong and can also damage reputations.
DB major project Stuttgart‐Ulm, Albaufstieg‐Steinbühl Tunnel – Tunnel excavation and lining in karst
Authors: Joham Kurt , Voringer Jürgen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe central problem with tunnelling in karstified rock mass is the karst structures, which can be empty, partially or completely filled. The filling can consist of soil, water or a combination of both. Before the start of tunnelling in the Steinbühl Tunnel, a section of the new DB line between Stuttgart and Ulm, the various structures had to be expected at any time. The associated risks could be reduced through good work preparation, high qualitative investigation measures and good miners and engineers. The geotechnical aspects of tunnelling were of great significance, from the tunnel excavation to the provision of a durable lining.
The US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement: a global perspective
Authors: Cozier Muriel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWill the decision by the United States to withdraw from the Paris Agreement on climate change impact the process and the speed of deploying carbon capture and storage? Does this move put China in the driving seat as the world leader in deployment of clean technology and carbon capture and storage (CCS)? Here, Muriel Cozier looks at some of the reaction to the US decision and assess what impact, if any, this pullout might have on the global efforts to tackle climate change. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What factors affect physicians' labour supply: Comparing structural discrete choice and reduced‐form approaches
Authors: Kalb Guyonne , Kuehnle Daniel , Scott Anthony , Cheng Terence Chai , Jeon Sung‐Hee 
Published: October 2017

SummaryLittle is known about the response of physicians to changes in compensation: Do increases in compensation increase or decrease labour supply? In this paper, we estimate wage elasticities for physicians. We apply both a structural discrete choice approach and a reduced‐form approach to examine how these different approaches affect wage elasticities at the intensive margin. Using uniquely rich data collected from a large sample of general practitioners (GPs) and specialists in Australia, we estimate 3 alternative utility specifications (quadratic, translog, and box‐cox utility functions) in the structural approach, as well as a reduced‐form specification, separately for men and women. Australian data is particularly suited for this analysis due to a lack of regulation of physicians' fees leading to variation in earnings. All models predict small negative wage elasticities for male and female GPs and specialists passing several sensitivity checks. For this high‐income and long‐working‐hours population, the translog and box‐cox utility functions outperform the quadratic utility function. Simulating the effects of 5% and 10% wage increases at the intensive margin slightly reduces the full‐time equivalent supply of male GPs, and to a lesser extent of male specialists and female GPs.
Importance of lymph node ratio for locoregional recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa
Authors: Safi Ali‐Farid , Grandoch Andrea , Nickenig Hans‐Joachim , Zöller Joachim E. , Kreppel Matthias 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is no published study on the influence of lymph node ratio on locoregional recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the buccal mucosa. Therefore, we focused in our study on this specific anatomic subsite.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 95 patients from 2003‐2013 with treatment‐naive SCC of the buccal mucosa. Exclusion criteria were neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, perioperative death, N3 disease, unresectable disease, synchronous malignancy, and follow‐up <3 months. Statistical analysis was performed using univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsSignificant correlations were found between locoregional recurrence and pathologic N classification (P < .001), grading (P = .001), and lymph node ratio (P < .001). Multivariate analysis indicated lymph node ratio as an independent risk factor for locoregional recurrence (P = .002). A cutoff value under 7% led to a 10.383‐fold higher risk of incurring a locoregional recurrence.ConclusionLymph node ratio is a useful parameter to stratify the risk of locoregional recurrence in patients with SCC of the buccal mucosa.
Barriers and facilitators for implementation of family medicine–oriented model of primary care in Bosnia and Herzegovina: A qualitative study
Authors: Racic Maja , Pekez‐Pavlisko Tanja , Jokovic Sandra 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIntroductionA health care system reform and the development of a new primary health care model, oriented toward family medicine, have been implemented to improve the quality of health services in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The primary objective of this article was to identify factors that hinder or facilitate implementation of family medicine in the country.MethodsThe qualitative study was performed by focus groups sessions, involving 54 family physicians, selected from 15 geographical regions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Consolidated criteria for conducting and reporting qualitative research were used for conceptualizing the study. The discussions were transcribed verbatim and content analyzed.ResultsFamily medicine is found to be partially implemented, mainly because of weak collective action of stakeholders, different degrees of consolidation and lack of coordination between primary and secondary health care. Physicians' workload, perception of financial pressure, and negative aspect of contracting were identified as barriers to implementation as well. Focused patient education or advertising campaigns are seen as the important activities assisting the promotion of family medicine.ConclusionAlthough many steps forward have been made in the reform and implementation of the family medicine–oriented model of primary health care in Bosnia and Herzegovina, our results revealed that there is still much room for improvement. Particular attention should be paid to establishing common goals and reaching mutual understanding with key stakeholders.
Association between antipsychotic treatment and leptin levels across multiple psychiatric populations: An updated meta‐analysis
Authors: Ragguett Renee‐Marie , Hahn Margaret , Messina Giovanni , Chieffi Sergio , Monda Marcellino , De Luca Vincenzo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveAntipsychotics (APs) are associated with metabolic syndrome, with increases in leptin proposed as an underlying mechanism of AP‐induced weight gain. Currently available meta‐analyses on this topic have limited their populations of interest to those diagnosed with schizophrenia. The purpose of this meta‐analysis is to explore the relationship between leptin levels and AP use across multiple psychiatric diagnoses, and also in healthy controls.MethodSystematic electronic searches were conducted using PubMed and OVID: Medline. Longitudinal studies were included if showing leptin levels before and after AP use. We included participants with any psychiatric disorders and mentally healthy participants, if exposed to AP use. The differences in leptin levels were evaluated using Hedges' g with a random effects model.ResultsForty‐two studies were found (36 schizophrenia, 2 bipolar disorder, 1 anorexia nervosa, and 3 healthy controls), encompassing 66 study arms and 1,156 participants. The meta‐analysis showed that regardless of diagnoses, leptin levels increase with AP use (Hedges' g = 0.811, p ≤ .001).ConclusionLeptin increases induced by APs are present across all diagnoses. More comprehensive research is needed to understand the relationship between AP use and leptin levels across multiple diagnoses.
Hydrologic metrics for status‐and‐trends monitoring in urban and urbanizing watersheds
Authors: Booth Derek B. , Konrad Christopher P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLocal governmental agencies are increasingly undertaking potentially costly “status‐and‐trends” monitoring to evaluate the effectiveness of stormwater control measures and land‐use planning strategies or to satisfy regulatory requirements. Little guidance is presently available for such efforts, and so we have explored the application, interpretation, and temporal limitations of well‐established hydrologic metrics of runoff changes from urbanization, making use of an unusually long‐duration, high‐quality data set from the Pacific Northwest (USA) with direct applicability to urban and urbanizing watersheds. Three metrics previously identified for their utility in identifying hydrologic conditions with biological importance that respond to watershed urbanization—TQmean (the fraction of time that flows exceed the mean annual discharge), the Richards‐Baker Index (characterizing flashiness relative to the mean discharge), and the annual tally of wet‐season day‐to‐day flow reversals (the total number of days that reverse the prior days' increasing or decreasing trend)—are all successful in stratifying watersheds across a range of urbanization, as measured by total contributing area of urban development. All metrics respond with statistical significance to multidecadal trends in urbanization, but none detect trends in watershed‐scale urbanization over the course of a single decade. This suggests a minimum period over which dependable trends in hydrologic alteration (or improvement) can be detected with confidence. The metrics also prove less well suited to urbanizing watersheds in a semi‐arid climate, with only flow reversals showing a response consistent with prior findings from more humid regions. We also explore the use of stage as a surrogate for discharge in calculating these metrics, recognizing potentially significant agency cost savings in data collection with minimal loss of information. This approach is feasible but cannot be implemented under current data‐reporting practices, requiring measurement of water‐depth values and preservation of the full precision of the original recorded data. With these caveats, however, hydrologic metrics based on stage should prove as or more useful, at least in the context of status‐and‐trends monitoring, as those based on subsequent calculations of discharge.
Influence of turbidity and aeration on the albedo of mountain streams
Authors: McMahon Alexander , Moore R. D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStream surface albedo plays a key role in the energy balance of rivers and streams that are exposed to direct solar radiation. Most physically based analyses and models have incorporated a constant stream albedo between 0.03 and 0.10, based primarily on measurements from low‐gradient streams with low suspended sediment concentrations. However, albedo should vary with solar elevation angle, suspended sediment concentration, aeration, and fraction of direct versus diffuse radiation. The objective of this study was to quantify the dependence of albedo of mountain streams on the controlling factors and to develop a predictive model for use in physically based analysis and modelling of stream temperature, especially for future climate and land‐use scenarios. Stream surface albedo was measured at nine sites with a variety of gradients and suspended sediment characteristics in the southern Coast Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. As expected, albedo of low‐gradient, non‐white water (flatwater) streams increased with solar elevation angle, suspended sediment concentration, and proportion of diffuse to direct solar radiation, ranging between 0.025 during cloudy periods over clear water to 0.25 for turbid water at elevation angles of less than 20°. Albedo was enhanced in steep reaches or at channel steps and cascades where flow was visibly aerated, with a range of 0.09 to 0.33. In clear weather, albedo exhibited notable diurnal variability at flatwater sampling sites. For example, during late summer, surface albedo typically fluctuated between 0.08 and 0.15 on a daily basis at a flatwater site on the highly turbid, glacier‐fed Lillooet River. Multiple regression models explained approximately 60% and 40% of the variance under cross validation for flatwater and white water data subsets, respectively, with corresponding root mean square errors of approximately 0.02 and 0.06.
Analytical and experimental study on dissolved pollutant wash‐off over impervious surfaces
Authors: Xiao Yang , Zhang Taotao , Wang Lei , Liang Dongfang , Xu Xingwu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNon‐point source pollution in the impervious surface of city, which including dissolved and particulate pollutants, is a significant source of water pollution. Simple first‐order decay models can generally simulate the cumulative wash‐off process of the particulate pollutants. There is inadequate knowledge as to whether or not they are suitable for dissolved pollutants. This study presents a mathematical wash‐off model for dissolved pollutants, which combines analytical equations for overland flows and the exponential equation for the pollutant wash‐off. A series of laboratory experiments have been conducted to verify this wash‐off model. It shows that the pollutant concentration and pollutant transport rate can be predicted well by the newly developed equations. It is found that the pollutant concentration monotonically decreases to zero as the accumulated pollutants are washed off, whereas the pollutant transport rate first increases to the maximum value and then decreases to zero. The maximum pollutant transport rate is found to increase with the decrease of the arrival time of the maximum value. The difference between the simplified exponential model and the amended wash‐off equation depends on the initial residual percentage (Pc), but the present equation generally provides a more accurate representation of the wash‐off process of dissolved pollutants.
The Cosmic‐ray Soil Moisture Observation System (Cosmos) for Estimating the Crop Water Requirement: New Approach
Authors: Ragab R. , Evans J.G. , Battilani A. , Solimando D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSoil moisture is a crucial parameter to determine the crop water requirement for irrigation. The soil moisture deficit (SMD) of the root zone is an indicator that can be used to determine the exact crop water requirement. Application of the recent technology of COsmic‐ray Soil Moisture Observation System (Cosmos) provides continuous, integrated, area‐based values, with a measurement radius of up to 400 m, whilst being non‐invasive.In a field experiment in Italy, the Cosmos probe was used over a mixed crop area during the cropping seasons of 2014 and 2015. The results showed that soil moisture values obtained by Cosmos were comparable with those obtained for the top 0–60 cm layer soil moisture measured by sensors, soil cores, profile probes and with values simulated by the SALTMED model. This indicates that the Cosmos probe's effective depth of sensing is within the top 0–60 cm. Knowing that almost 80% of the crop root system is accommodated within the top 0–60 cm, the Cosmos measurement could be useful for monitoring the soil water status and SMD in the root zone in irrigated agriculture. The Cosmos system could be made operational for irrigation managers to determine when and how much to irrigate. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of rice husk biochars for aqueous antibiotics removal
Authors: Zeng Zhi‐wei , Tian Si‐rong , Liu Yun‐guo , Tan Xiao‐fei , Zeng Guang‐ming , Jiang Lu‐hua , Yin Zhi‐hong , Liu Ni , Liu Shao‐bo , Li Jiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAntibiotics are widely used for the treatment of bacterial infections in humans and animals, but it can be released into water sources due to incomplete metabolism in humans or via discharge from drug manufacturers.RESULTSThe efficiency of removal of three antibiotics was enhanced with increasing biochar dosage. The adsorption of three antibiotics by RH700 was much higher than by RH300 and RH500, which might be due to the larger surface area and adsorption pore volume of RH700 (211.76 m2 g‐1 and 6.25 nm, respectively). In addition, the adsorption capacity was greatly affected by the solution pH, background electrolyte and humic acid. The kinetics experiment data were well fitted by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacities of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), doxycycline hydrochloride (DC) and ciprofloxacin (CF) based on the Langmuir model by RH700 at 318 K were 80.9, 85.2 and 36.1 mg g‐1, respectively. RH700 exhibited high affinity for antibiotics, mainly ascribed to the chemical interaction between oxygen‐containing functional groups (phenolic hydroxyl group, carboxyl and alkoxy groups) of the biochar surface and TC, DC and CF.CONCLUSIONThe rice husk biochar produced at high temperature could be applied as a potential adsorbent for removal of antibiotics from water. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Spontaneous distal rupture of the plantar fascia
Authors: Gitto Salvatore , Draghi Ferdinando 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSpontaneous ruptures of the plantar fascia are uncommon injuries. They typically occur at its calcaneal insertion and usually represent a complication of plantar fasciitis and local treatment with steroid injections. In contrast, distal ruptures commonly result from traumatic injuries. We describe the case of a spontaneous distal rupture of the plantar fascia in a 48‐year‐old woman with a low level of physical activity and no history of direct injury to the foot, plantar fasciitis, or steroid injections.
Highly efficient solid phase supported radiosynthesis of [11C]PiB using tC18 cartridge as a “3‐in‐1” production entity
Authors: Boudjemeline Mehdi , Hopewell Robert , Rochon Pierre‐Luc , Jolly Dean , Hammami Iness , Villeneuve Sylvia , Kostikov Alexey 
Published: October 2017

Pittsburgh compound B ([11C]PiB) is the gold standard positron emission tomography (PET) tracer for the in vivo imaging of amyloid plaques. Currently, it is synthesized by either solution chemistry or using a “dry loop” approach followed by HPLC purification within 30 minutes starting from [11C]CO2. Here, we report a novel, highly efficient solid phase supported carbon‐11 radiolabeling procedure using commercially available disposable tC18 cartridge as a “3‐in‐1” entity: reactor, purifier, and solvent replacement system. [11C]PiB is synthesized by passing gaseous [11C]CH3OTf through a tC18 cartridge preloaded with a solution of precursor. Successive elution with aqueous ethanol solutions allows for nearly quantitative separation of the reaction mixture to provide chemically and radiochemically pure PET tracer. [11C]PiB suitable for human injection is produced within 10 minutes starting from [11C]CH3OTf (20 min from [11C]CO2) in 22% isolated yield not corrected for decay and molar activity of 190 GBq/μmol using 0.2 mg of precursor. This technique reduces the amount of precursor and other supplies, avoids use of preparative HPLC and toxic solvents, and decreases the time between consecutive production batches. Solid phase supported technique can facilitate [11C]PiB production compliant with Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) and improve synthesis reliability.