bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nutrient and Anti-nutrient Profile of a Local Formula from Sorghum, Peanut, Honey and Ghee (Metu2) for Treatment of Severe Acute Malnutrition
Authors: Andrew Amegovu K. , Yiga Peter , Kuorwel Kuorwel K. , Chewere Timothy 
Published: January 2018

World over, we are still struggling with persistent acute malnutrition levels; an estimated 17 million preschool children suffer from SAM, roughly the same figures as reported in 2013, a trend depicting insufficient progress towards the 2025 World Health Assembly. One such affected area is Karamoja Region in North Eastern Uganda. Partly, the trend could be attributed to unsustainable interventions like RUTF. Formulas from locally available foods could provide not only an affordable but also a culturally acceptable and effective home based solution. Locally available sorghum, peanut, honey and ghee in North Eastern Uganda, is such a potential local formula. The nutritional and anti-nutritional profile of this local formula(metu2) was compared to plumpy-nut. Standard official analytical methods were used. Proximate composition was comparable and within the WHO recommendations for therapeutic formulas. Local formula(metu2) had a comparatively high energy content, 528kcal/100g to 509kcal in plumpynut. Vitamin A and K contents were below the WHO recommendations in local formula while Na, Mg and essential fatty acids were comparable and within the contents needed for SAM recovery. Zn was comparatively higher in plumpy-nut but levels in both formulas were below the recommendations. Trypsin inhibitors, phytates and condensed tannins were higher in local formula while aflatoxins were within the limits but not for plumpynut. Though lacking in critical K, Zn and Vitamin A, local formula(metu2) was comparable to plumpy-nut and its efficacy to sustain recovery from SAM needs to be studied.
Essai d’évaluation du coût économique de la réalisation des cibles des objectifs du millénaire pour le développement liés à l’eau potable en Algérie
Authors: Kherbache Nabil , Oukaci Kamal 
Published: January 2018

L’objectif de l’article est d’évaluer le coût économique de la réalisation de la cible 7.C des objectifs du Millénaire pour le développement (OMD) et de s’interroger sur les contraintes et les améliorations ressenties dans le service d’approvisionnement de l’eau potable en Algérie. L’approche méthodologique utilisée s’adosse sur l’analyse des documents, ouvrages, articles, données et informations relatives à l’investissement/financement du sous-secteur de l’eau potable en Algérie. Ces données nous ont été fournies par les directions centrales du ministère des Ressources en eau et de l’Environnement (MREE) et l’Algérienne des eaux (ADE). L’étude montre que l’évolution favorable des indicateurs de l’eau potable est due à une politique d’investissement massif dans ce sous-secteur. Le cumul des montants autorisés pour la période analysée (1999-2012) s’évalue à environ 23,459 milliards $US dont seuls 61,6 % ont été dépensés de manière effective. La faiblesse de la capacité d’absorption s’explique par des entraves lors de l’exécution des budgets alloués et un manque d’un capital intellectuel capable de relever effacement le défi des OMD inhérents à l’eau et de gérer durablement les ressources en eau. Ces efforts se sont heurtés à des contraintes sur le terrain en raison d’une concentration sur la mobilisation de l’eau en amont (politique de l’offre) sans valorisation de la ressource en aval par une gestion de la demande en eau (GDE). Toutefois, l’Algérie a pu réaliser les cibles des OMD liés à l’accès à l’eau, avant l’échéance fixée par l’ONU en 2015, avec un coût économique qui s’estime à 14,515 milliards $US. Le pays assure un accès à l’eau potable à la majorité de la population avec un taux de raccordement de 98 % en 2015 contre 78 % en 1999 et il a pu atteindre l’objectif lié à l’assainissement où le taux de raccordement aux réseaux d’assainissement s’évaluait en 2015 de 90 % alors qu’il était de 73,2 % en 2000.
Coupling colloidal forces with yield stress of charged inorganic particle suspension: A review
Authors: Otsuki Akira 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper aims to summarize the series of investigations on coupling suspension yield stress and DLVO (Derjaguin‐Landau‐Verwey‐Overbeek) forces, i.e. van der Waals and electrical double layer forces. This summary provides a better understanding of the basic phenomena associated, historical development and current status of this useful coupling, and also discusses the applicability and limitations/variations of such coupling applied to different types of concentrated aqueous particle suspensions. Aqueous suspensions discussed are composed of charged inorganic fine particles, including metal oxide colloidal particles, mineral fine particles, and clays. The research gaps are identified and specific future perspectives are discussed to further enhance the use of this unique and useful coupling, and to aim for the transition from the modelling of similar particle suspension systems to its dissimilar/mix particle suspension systems that fit more with the current and future industry needs in particle processing.
1H‐1,2,3‐Triazole‐tethered Isatin–coumarin Hybrids: Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Anti‐mycobacterial Evaluation
Authors: Liu Bi , Hu Guowen , Tang Xiuqin , Wang Guangqiang , Xu Zhi 
Published: January 2018

A series of novel 1H‐1,2,3‐triazole‐tethered isatin–coumarin hybrids 7a–l integrate three anti‐tuberculosis bioactive substances/pharmacophoric units including coumarin, isatin, and I‐A09 were designed, synthesized, and tested for their in vitro anti‐mycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv as well as cytotoxicity in VERO cell line. The results showed that all hybrids exhibited weak to moderate activity against the tested two strains with minimum inhibitory concentration ranging from 50 to 200 μg/mL.
A water‐soluble, AIE‐active polyelectrolyte for conventional and fluorescence lifetime imaging of mouse neuroblastoma neuro‐2A cells
Authors: Wang Yinan , Yao Hongming , Zhou Jian , Hong Yuning , Chen Bin , Zhang Bolong , Smith Trevor A. , Wong Wallace W. H. , Zhao Zujin 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTA new conjugated polyelectrolyte containing tetraphenylethene units in the backbone is synthesized and characterized. This polyelectrolyte is water‐soluble and exhibits aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) behavior. It is biocompatible and can be directly used in conventional and fluorescence lifetime imaging of mouse neuroblastoma neuro‐2A cells, providing useful information of cellular morphology and intracellular aggregation or motion. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 672–680
Photomechanical effects in liquid crystalline polymer networks and elastomers
Authors: White Timothy J. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTLiquid crystals are widely employed as stimuli‐responsive materials. Liquid crystallinity can be retained in polymeric form. Photoinduced mechanical effects in liquid crystalline polymer networks and elastomers have been a topic of considerable recent research. This review details the historical underpinnings and recent advances in the synthesis and the corresponding photomechanical response of these materials. In nearly all cases, the conversion of light into mechanical work has employed azobenzene as either a guest additive or covalently attached to the network. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 695–705
Automated cars meet human drivers: responsible human-robot coordination and the ethics of mixed traffic
Authors: Nyholm Sven , Smids Jilles 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the ethics of automated driving. More specifically, we discuss responsible human-robot coordination within mixed traffic: i.e. traffic involving both automated cars and conventional human-driven cars. We do three main things. First, we explain key differences in robotic and human agency and expectation-forming mechanisms that are likely to give rise to compatibility-problems in mixed traffic, which may lead to crashes and accidents. Second, we identify three possible solution-strategies for achieving better human-robot coordination within mixed traffic. Third, we identify important ethical challenges raised by each of these three possible strategies for achieving optimized human-robot cordination in this domain. Among other things, we argue that we should not just explore ways of making robotic driving more like human driving. Rather, we ought also to take seriously potential ways (e.g. technological means) of making human driving more like robotic driving. Nor should we assume that complete automation is always the ideal to aim for; in some traffic-situations, the best results may be achieved through human-robot collaboration. Ultimately, our main aim in this paper is to argue that the new field of the ethics of automated driving needs take seriously the ethics of mixed traffic and responsible human-robot coordination.
Laxative effect of repeated Daiokanzoto is attributable to decrease in aquaporin-3 expression in the colon
Authors: Kon Risako , Yamamura Miho , Matsunaga Yukari , Kimura Hiroshi , Minami Moe , Kato Saki , Ikarashi Nobutomo , Sugiyama Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Daiokanzoto (DKT) exerts its laxative effect via colonic inflammation caused by sennoside A in Daio (rhubarb). Previously, we showed that the laxative effect of sennoside A is related to decreased aquaporin-3 (AQP3) expression in mucosal epithelial cells due to colonic inflammation. We also found that a combination of glycyrrhizin, an ingredient in Kanzo (glycyrrhiza), and sennoside A attenuates the inflammatory response induced by sennoside A and reduces its laxative effect. These findings indicate that DKT may be a long-term treatment for chronic constipation, but there is no evidence supporting this hypothesis. In this study, we analyzed the laxative effect of repeated DKT administration, focusing on AQP3 expression in the colon. After rats were treated for 7 days, decreased AQP3 expression and the onset of diarrhea were observed in the DKT group, but were not seen in the Daio group either. Although the relative abundance of gut microbiota after repeated DKT administration was similar to that after control treatment, Daio reduced Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Bacteroidaceae levels and markedly increased Lachnospiraceae levels. In this study, we show that DKT has a sustained laxative effect, even upon repeated use, probably because it maintains decreased AQP3 expression and gut microbiota homeostasis. This outcome therefore indicates that DKT can be used as a long-term treatment for chronic constipation.
An environmental scan of academic pediatric emergency medicine at Canadian medical schools: Identifying variability across Canada
Authors: Artz Jennifer D. , Meckler Garth , Argintaru Niran , Lim Roderick , Stiell Ian G. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo complement our environmental scan of academic emergency medicine departments, we conducted a similar environmental scan of the academic pediatric emergency medicine programs offered by the Canadian medical schools.MethodsWe developed an 88-question form, which was distributed to pediatric academic leaders at each medical school. The responses were validated via email to ensure that the questions were answered completely and consistently.ResultsFourteen of the 17 Canadian medical schools have some type of pediatric emergency medicine academic program. None of the pediatric emergency medicine units have full departmental status, while nine are divisions, two are sections, and three have no status. Canadian academic pediatric emergency medicine is practised at 13 major teaching hospitals and one specialized pediatric emergency department. There are 394 pediatric emergency medicine faculty members, including 13 full professors and 64 associate professors. Eight sites regularly take pediatric undergraduate clinical clerks, and all 14 provide resident education. Fellowship training is offered at 10 sites, with five offering advanced pediatric emergency medicine fellowship training. Half of the sites have at least one physician with a Master’s degree in education, totalling 18 faculty members across Canada. There are 31 clinical researchers with salary support at nine universities. Eleven sites have published peer-reviewed papers (n=423) in the past five years, ranging from two to 102 per site. Annual academic budgets range from $10,000 to $2,607,515.ConclusionsThis comprehensive review of academic activities in pediatric emergency medicine across Canada identifies the variability across the country, including the recognition of sites above and below the national average, which may prompt change at individual sites. Sharing these academic practices may inspire sites to provide more support to teachers, educators, and researchers.
The Role of Negative Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Surveillance Swabs in Predicting the Need for Empiric Vancomycin Therapy in Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Chotiprasitsakul Darunee , Tamma Pranita D. , Gadala Avinash , Cosgrove Sara E. 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVESThe role of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal surveillance swabs (nasal swabs) in guiding decisions about prescribing vancomycin is unclear. We aimed to determine the likelihood that patients with negative MRSA nasal swabs develop subsequent MRSA infections; to assess avoidable vancomycin days for patients with negative nasal swabs; and to identify risk factors for having a negative nasal swab and developing a MRSA infection during the intensive care unit (ICU) stay.METHODSThis retrospective cohort study was conducted in 6 ICUs at a tertiary-care hospital from December 2013 through June 2015. The negative predictive value (NPV), defined as the ability of a negative nasal swab to predict no subsequent MRSA infection, was calculated. Days of vancomycin continued or restarted after 3 days from the collection time of the first negative nasal swab were determined. A matched case-control study identified risk factors for having a negative nasal swab and developing MRSA infection.RESULTSOf 11,441 patients with MRSA-negative nasal swabs, the rate of subsequent MRSA infection was 0.22%. A negative nasal swab had a NPV of 99.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 99.1%–99.6%). Vancomycin was continued or started after nasal swab results were available in 1,431 patients, translating to 7,364 vancomycin days. No risk factors associated with MRSA infection were identified.CONCLUSIONSIn our hospital with a low prevalence of MRSA transmission, a negative MRSA nasal swab was helpful in identifying patients with low risk of MRSA infection in whom empiric vancomycin therapy could be stopped and in whom the subsequent initiation of vancomycin therapy during an ICU admission could be avoided.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:290–296
LEGAL POLYCENTRISM: A CHRISTIAN THEOLOGICAL AND JURISPRUDENTIAL EVALUATION
Authors: VanDrunen David 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLegal theorists have long debated whether law originates from a single source (the actions of state officials) or from multiple sources (including the innumerable communities and associations that constitute broader civil society). In recent years, proponents have defended polycentrism—and its critics have tried to refute it—from various moral, economic, and historical angles. But no contemporary writer has examined polycentrism from a Christian perspective. In the absence of such a study heretofore, this article attempts to evaluate legal polycentrism from a Christian theological and jurisprudential perspective. The Christian scriptures and Christian theology do not directly address whether law is polycentric or monocentric. Nevertheless, appealing to a number of biblical-theological issues—including the image of God, the Noahic covenant (Genesis 8:21–9:17), wisdom, and the purpose of civil government—I argue that Christians have good reason to regard polycentrism as a more satisfactory view of law.
NONINCREASING DEPTH FUNCTIONS OF MONOMIAL IDEALS
Authors: MATSUDA KAZUNORI , SUZUKI TAO , TSUCHIYA AKIYOSHI 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGiven a nonincreasing function f : ℤ≥ 0 \{0} → ℤ≥ 0 such that (i) f(k) − f(k + 1) ≤ 1 for all k ≥ 1 and (ii) if a = f(1) and b = limk → ∞f(k), then |f−1(a)| ≤ |f−1(a − 1)| ≤ ··· ≤ |f−1(b + 1)|, a system of generators of a monomial ideal I ⊂ K[x1, . . ., xn] for which depth S/Ik = f(k) for all k ≥ 1 is explicitly described. Furthermore, we give a characterization of triplets of integers (n, d, r) with n > 0, d ≥ 0 and r > 0 with the properties that there exists a monomial ideal I ⊂ S = K[x1, . . ., xn] for which limk→∞ depth S/Ik = d and dstab(I) = r, where dstab(I) is the smallest integer k0 ≥ 1 with depth S/Ik0 = depth S/Ik0+1 = depth S/Ik0+2 = ···.
POTENTIALS OF A FROBENIUS-LIKE STRUCTURE
Authors: HERTLING CLAUS , VARCHENKO ALEXANDER 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis paper proves the existence of potentials of the first and second kind of a Frobenius like structure in a frame, which encompasses families of arrangements. The frame uses the notion of matroids. For the proof of the existence of the potentials, a power series ansatz is made. The proof that it works requires that certain decompositions of tuples of coordinate vector fields are related by certain elementary transformations. This is shown with a nontrivial result on matroid partition.
EXAMPLE OF A GROUP WHOSE QUANTUM ISOMETRY GROUP DOES NOT DEPEND ON THE GENERATING SET
Authors: MANDAL ARNAB 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we have shown that the quantum isometry group of Cr*(ℤ), denoted by ℚ(ℤ, S) as in Goswami and Mandal, Rev. Math. Phys.29(3) (2017), 1750008, with respect to a symmetric generating set S does not depend on the generating set S. Moreover, we have proved that the result is no longer true if the group ℤ is replaced by $\underbrace{\mathbb{Z} \times \mathbb{Z} \times\cdots \times \mathbb{Z}}_{n \ copies} \ \forall \ n>1$.
FINITE GROUPS WITH ENGEL SINKS OF BOUNDED RANK
Authors: KHUKHRO E. I. , SHUMYATSKY P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFor an element g of a group G, an Engel sink is a subset ${\mathscr E}$(g) such that for every x ∈ G all sufficiently long commutators [. . .[[x, g], g], . . ., g] belong to ${\mathscr E}$(g). A finite group is nilpotent if and only if every element has a trivial Engel sink. We prove that if in a finite group G every element has an Engel sink generating a subgroup of rank r, then G has a normal subgroup N of rank bounded in terms of r such that G/N is nilpotent.
Alterations in plasma constituents, growth and egg production traits due to selection in three genotypes of Japanese quail
Authors: Farahat G. S. , Mahmoud B. Y. , El-Komy E. M. , El-Full E. A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe present investigation was carried out to estimate the effects of genotype and sex on growth and laying performance and assess the variations in plasma constituents in the tested genotypes and their relations with productive traits after four generations of selection. Data of growth and laying performance on 1440 females and males of Japanese quail were taken from the three quail genotypes: maternal (MG), long shank length (LSG28) and control (CG) genotypes. Genotype significantly affected all studied growth productive traits, favouring selected genotypes. The LSG28surpassed MG in total protein, albumin (Alb), globulin (Glob), triglycerides and Alb/Glob ratio and lowered both cholesterol and total lipids (TL). Sex significantly favoured females, which had higher body weight, longer shank length at 35 days of age and higher body weight gain during the period from 1 to 35 days of age. Females showed significantly higher concentrations of both Alb and TL than males. The MG exceeded LSG28in fertility and hatchability per cent. Correlations for both growth and productive traits with plasma constituents revealed inconsistent trends in either magnitude or direction. Four generations of selection resulted in substantial phenotypic improvements in most growth and productive traits, as well as plasma constituents studied in LSG28, and favoured MG in maturity, days needed to produce the first ten eggs, higher egg production per cent and heavier egg mass.
Broadband radar cross-section reduction using polarization conversion metasurface
Authors: Zheng Qi , Guo Chenjiang , Li Haixiong , Ding Jun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA wideband and high-efficiency polarization conversion metasurface (PCM) is proposed and applied to reduce radar cross section (RCS). The proposed PCM unit is composed of two oblique asymmetry triangle split rings, which generate multiple plasmon resonances. Simulated and measured results demonstrate that it achieves polarization conversion over 90% from 9.24 to 17.64 GHz. Besides square checkerboard, the proposed PCM units and mirror units are arranged in triangle checkerboard. The mechanisms of both checkerboard PCMs are analyzed based on standard array theory, including the relationship between RCS reduction value and polarization conversion ratio value. The derived formulas provide a guideline to design checkerboard structure based on PCM. Simulated results demonstrate that both checkerboard PCMs achieve over 62% relative bandwidth of 10 dB RCS reduction under normal incidence with respect to the equal-sized metallic plate, which also means that the triangle one could be an alternative solution to reduce RCS. To verify the analyzed and simulated results, the fabricated sample and measured results of both checkerboard PCMs are presented. Good agreements are achieved between measurements, simulations and numerical analysis.
A comprehensive study of cryogenic cooled millimeter-wave frequency multipliers based on GaAs Schottky-barrier varactors
Authors: Johansen Tom K. , Rybalko Oleksandr , Zhurbenko Vitaliy , Bulcha Berhanu , Hesler Jeffrey 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe benefit of cryogenic cooling on the performance of millimeter-wave GaAs Schottky-barrier varactor-based frequency multipliers has been studied. For this purpose, a dedicated compact model of a GaAs Schottky-barrier varactor using a triple-anode diode stack has been developed for use with a commercial RF and microwave CAD tool. The model implements critical physical phenomena such as thermionic-field emission current transport at cryogenic temperatures, temperature dependent mobility, reverse breakdown, self-heating, and high-field velocity saturation effects. A parallel conduction model is employed in order to include the effect of barrier inhomogeneities which is known to cause deviation from the expected I--V characteristics at cryogenic temperatures. The developed model is shown to accurately fit the I--V --T dataset from 25 to 295 K measured on the varactor diode stack. Harmonic balance simulations using the model are used to predict the efficiency of a millimeter-wave balanced doubler from room to cryogenic temperatures. The estimation is verified experimentally using a 188 GHz balanced doubler cooled down to 77 K. The model has been further verified down to 14 K using a 78 GHz balanced doubler.