bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex-, Ethnic-, and Age-Specific Centile Curves for pQCT- and HR-pQCT-Derived Measures of Bone Structure and Strength in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Gabel Leigh , Macdonald Heather M , Nettlefold Lindsay A , McKay Heather A 
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT

There are presently no adolescent centile curves for bone parameters at the tibial midshaft using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) or at the distal radius and tibia using high-resolution pQCT (HR-pQCT). Thus, we aimed to develop sex-, ethnic-, site-, and age-specific centile curves for pQCT and HR-pQCT-derived bone outcomes for youth and young adults aged 10 to 21 years. We acquired pQCT scans (XCT3000 or XCT2000) at the tibial midshaft (50% site) and HR-pQCT scans (XtremeCT) at the distal radius (7% site) and tibia (8% site) in a convenience sample of participants in the mixed-longitudinal University of British Columbia Healthy Bones III Study. We scanned 778 10- to 21-year-olds annually for a maximum of 11 years using pQCT (413 girls, 56% Asian; 365 boys, 54% Asian; n = 3160 observations) and 349 10- to 21-year-olds annually for a maximum of 4 years using HR-pQCT (189 girls, 51% Asian; 165 boys, 50% Asian; n = 1090 observations). For pQCT, we report cortical bone mineral density (BMD), total bone cross-sectional area, and polar strength-strain index. For HR-pQCT, we report standard measures (total BMD, trabecular number, thickness, and bone volume fraction) and automated segmentation measures (total bone cross-sectional area, cortical BMD, porosity, and thickness). We applied finite element analysis to estimate failure load. We applied the lamda, mu, sigma (LMS) method using LMS ChartMaker Light (version 2.5, The Institute of Child Health, London, UK) to construct LMS tables and centile plots. We report sex- and age-specific centiles (3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 97th) for whites and Asians for pQCT bone parameters at the tibial midshaft and HR-pQCT bone parameters at the distal radius and tibia. These centile curves might be used by clinicians and scientists to interpret values or better understand trajectories of bone parameters in clinical populations, those from different geographic regions or of different ethnic origins. © 2018 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A brief peer gatekeeper suicide prevention training: Results of an open pilot trial
Authors: Rallis Bethany A. , Esposito‐Smythers Christianne , Disabato David J. , Mehlenbeck Robyn S. , Kaplan Seth , Geer Leslie , Adams Ryan , Meehan Barbara 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present study was to test a 1‐hour peer suicide gatekeeper training for students from the broad college community in the context of an open pilot trial.MethodTwo‐hundred and thirty‐one college students were recruited university‐wide, Mage = 20.7, 65.4% female, and completed a peer suicide prevention gatekeeping training program. Assessments were completed at pre‐training and post‐training as well as 3‐month follow‐up.ResultsThis brief peer suicide gatekeeper training program was associated with increases in suicide prevention knowledge. It was also associated with an increase in the number of students who identified suicidal youth and made mental health referrals, as well as total number of referrals made, over the course of three months. Females reported greater improvement in suicide prevention skills and knowledge post‐training than males.ConclusionsOffering peer suicide gatekeeper training to students from the general college population may hold promise in suicide prevention efforts.
Elevated production of the aromatic fragrance molecule, 2‐phenylethanol, using Metschnikowia pulcherrima through both de novo and ex novo conversion in batch and continuous modes
Authors: Chantasuban Tanakorn , Santomauro Fabio , Gore‐Lloyd Deborah , Parsons Sophie , Henk Daniel , Scott Roderick J , Chuck Christopher 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUND2‐phenylethanol (2PE) is a fragrance molecule predominantly used in perfumes and the food industry. It can be made from petrochemicals inexpensively, however, this is unsuitable for most food applications. Currently, the main method of production for the bio‐derived compound is to extract the trace amounts found in rose petals, which is extremely costly. Potentially fermentation could provide an inexpensive, naturally sourced, alternative.RESULTSIn this investigation, 2PE was produced from the yeast Metschnikowia pulcherrima, optimised in flasks before scaling to 2 L batch and continuous operation. 2PE can be produced in high titres under de novo process conditions with up to 1500 mg L−1 achieved in a 2 L stirred bioreactor. This is the highest reported de novo titre to date, and achieved through high sugar loadings coupled with low nitrogen conditions. The process successfully ran in continuous mode also, with a concentration of 650 mg L−1 of 2PE being maintained. The 2PE production was further increased by the ex novo conversion of phenylalanine and semi‐continuous solid phase extraction from the supernatant. Under optimal conditions 14 000 mg L−1 of 2PE was produced.CONCLUSIONSThe work presented here offers a novel route to naturally sourced 2PE through a scalable fermentation with a robust yeast highly suited to industrial biotechnology. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Performance and bacterial community structure in three autotrophic submerged biofilters operated under different conditions
Authors: García‐Ruiz María J , Maza‐Márquez Paula , González‐Martínez Alejandro , Campos Elena , González‐López Jesús , Osorio Francisco 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDAutotrophic nitrogen removal was evaluated in three bench‐scale bioreactors filled with Filtralite. This configuration is an alternative to the conventional technologies for nitrogen removal. One of the main problems associated with these new technologies, based on anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) processes, is the stability of biomass. In this research the bioreactors' performance and stability of the bacterial community were studied under the following conditions: dissolved oxygen (0.3–1.5 mg O2 L‐1), influent N‐NH4+ concentration 246 mg L‐1, and different NO2‐‐N concentrations (106.5, 30 and 0 mg NO2‐‐N L‐1).RESULTSTotal nitrogen removal efficiencies were 80.78% and 92% for bioreactors operated under microaerobic conditions (less than 1.5 mg O2 L‐1) and 30 and 0 mg NO2‐‐N L‐1, respectively. Bioreactors attained maximum efficiency after about 80 days. In contrast, the total nitrogen removal efficiency was only 69.57% for the bioreactor operated under anoxic conditions and 106.5 mg NO2‐‐N L‐1, but maximum efficiency was achieved after approximately 30 days. The presence of oxygen increased the relative abundance of ammonium‐oxidizing bacteria, which reached 6% in bioreactors with a low dissolved oxygen concentration. The relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia remained stable in all bioreactors.CONCLUSIONSThe results showed that nitrite and anoxic conditions led to quicker start‐up of a single reactor process during the initial days of operation. The combination of quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR) and Illumina sequencing revealed that the operational conditions changed the bacterial community structure. The relative abundance of Candidatus Brocadia remained stable in all bioreactors, whereas significant differences were detected for Nitrosomonas. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Magnetic hydrophobic‐charge induction adsorbents for the recovery of immunoglobulins from antiserum feedstocks by high‐gradient magnetic fishing
Authors: Gomes Cláudia SG , Fashina Adedayo , Fernández‐Castané Alfred , Overton Timothy W , Hobley Timothy J , Theodosiou Eirini , Thomas Owen RT 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe extraction of biopharmaceuticals from plasma and serum often employs overly complicated antiquated procedures that can inflict serious damage on especially prone protein targets and which afford low purification power and overall yields. This paper describes systematic development of a high‐gradient magnetic fishing process for recovery of immunoglobulins from unclarified antiserum.RESULTSNon‐porous superparamagnetic particles were transformed into hydrophobic‐charge induction adsorbents and then used to recover immunoglobulins from rabbit antiserum feedstocks. Comprehensive characterisation tests conducted with variously diluted clarified antiserum on a magnetic rack revealed that immunoglobulin binding was rapid (equilibrium reached in <45 s), strong (Kd < 0.1 mg mL‐1), of high capacity (Qmax = 214 mg g‐1), and pH and ionic strength dependent. In a high‐gradient magnetic fishing process conducted with the same adsorbent, and a conventional ‘magnetic filter + recycle loop’ arrangement, >72% of the immunoglobulin present in an unclarified antiserum feed was recovered in 0.5 h in >3‐fold purified form.CONCLUSIONSFast magnetic particle based capture of antibodies from an unclarified high‐titre feed has been demonstrated. Efficient product recovery from ultra‐high titre bioprocess liquors by high‐gradient magnetic fishing requires that improved magnetic adsorbents displaying high selectivity, ultra‐high capacity and operational robustness are used with ‘state‐of‐the‐art’ rotor–stator magnetic separators. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Removal of copper ions by few‐layered graphene oxide nanosheets from aqueous solutions: external influences and adsorption mechanisms
Authors: Wang Hui , Hu Xinjiang , Guo Yuan , Qiu Caisheng , Long Songhua , Hao Dongmei , Cai Xiaoxi , Xu Wenwen , Wang Yufu , Liu Yunguo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBACKGROUDIn this work, graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized followed by a modified Hummers method and several characterization techniques were provided. Its adsorptive activity was evaluated based on the removal of Cu(II) from an aqueous solution. External influences were taken into account to further study the adsorption mechanism.RESULTCharacterization results revealed that GO was well prepared and a large amount of oxygen‐containing functional groups were introduced. The Cu(II) adsorption increased with increasing solution pH and precipitate at alkaline conditions. NaCl concentration improved copper adsorption at low pH. Formate reduced copper adsorption while benzoate improved the adsorption under low pH conditions.CONCLUSIONSHere, GO performed Cu(II) adsorption well. The external conditions have different influences on the adsorption process. Experimental results demonstrate that GO is a promising alternative material for pollutants removal. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Lose it or keep it: (how bivalves can provide) insights into mitochondrial inheritance mechanisms
Authors: Punzi Elisabetta , Milani Liliana , Ghiselli Fabrizio , Passamonti Marco 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe strictly maternal inheritance (SMI) is a pattern of mitochondrial inheritance observed across the whole animal kingdom. However, some interesting exceptions are known for the class Bivalvia, in which several species show an unusual pattern called doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI) whose outcome is a heteroplasmic pool of mtDNA in males. Even if DUI has been studied for long, its molecular basis has not been established yet. The aim of this work is to select classes of proteins known to be involved in the maintenance of SMI and to compare their features in two clam species differing for their mitochondrial inheritance mechanism, that is, the SMI species Ruditapes decussatus and the DUI species Ruditapes philippinarum. Data have been obtained from the transcriptomes of male and female ripe gonads of both species. Our analysis focused on nucleases and polymerases, ubiquitination and ubiquitin‐like modifier pathways, and proteins involved in autophagy and mitophagy. For each protein group of interest, transcription bias (male or female), annotation, and mitochondrial targeting (when appropriate) were assessed. We did not find evidence supporting a role of nucleases/polymerases or autophagic machinery in the enforcement of SMI in R. decussatus. On the other hand, ubiquitinating enzymes with the expected features have been retrieved, providing us with two alternative testable models for mitochondrial inheritance mechanisms at the molecular level.
RNase reverses segment sequence in the anterior of a beetle egg (Callosobruchus maculatus, Coleoptera)
Authors: van der Meer Jitse M. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe genetic regulation of anterior–posterior segment pattern development has been elucidated in detail for Drosophila, but it is not canonical for insects. A surprising diversity of regulatory mechanisms is being uncovered not only between insect orders, but also within the order of the Diptera. The question is whether the same diversity of regulatory mechanisms exists within other insect orders. I show that anterior puncture of the egg of the pea beetle Callosobruchus maculatus submerged in RNase can induce double abdomen development suggesting a role for maternal mRNA. In a double abdomen, anterior segments are replaced by posterior segments oriented in mirror image symmetry to the original posterior segments. This effect is specific for RNase activity, for treatment of the anterior egg pole and for cytoplasmic RNA. Yield depends on developmental stage, enzyme concentration, and temperature. A maximum of 30% of treated eggs reversed segment sequence after submersion and puncture in 10 μg/mL RNase S reconstituted from S‐protein and S‐peptide at 30°C. This result sets the stage for an analysis of the genetic regulation of segment pattern formation in the long germ embryo of the coleopteran Callosobruchus and for comparison with the short germ embryo of the coleopteran Tribolium.
Where is, in 2017, the evo in evo‐devo (evolutionary developmental biology)?
Authors: Diogo Rui 
Published: February 2018

AbstractAfter the inaugural Pan‐American‐Evo‐Devo meeting (2015, Berkeley), I showed how major concerns about evo‐devo (Evolutionary Developmental Biology) research were demonstrated by a simple, non‐biased quantitative analysis of the titles/abstracts of that meeting's talks. Here, I apply the same methodology to the titles/abstracts of the recent Pan‐American‐Evo‐Devo meeting (2017, Calgary). The aim is to evaluate if the concerns raised by me in that paper and by other authors have been addressed and/or if there are other types of differences between the two meetings that may reflect trends within the field of evo‐devo. This analysis shows that the proportion of presentations referring to “morphology”, “organism”, “selection”, “adaptive”, “phylogeny”, and their derivatives was higher in the 2017 meeting, which therefore had a more “organismal” feel. However, there was a decrease in the use of “evolution”/its derivatives and of macroevolutionary terms related to the tempo and mode of evolution in the 2017 meeting. Moreover, the disproportionately high use of genetic/genomic terms clearly shows that evo‐devo continues to be mainly focused on devo, and particularly on “Geno”, that is, on molecular/genetic studies. Furthermore, the vast majority of animal evo‐devo studies are focused only on hard tissues, which are just a small fraction of the whole organism—for example, only 15% of the tissue mass of the human body. The lack of an integrative approach is also evidenced by the lack of studies addressing conceptual/long‐standing broader questions, including the links between ecology and particularly behavior and developmental/evolutionary variability and between evo‐devo and evolutionary medicine.
A novel role for coinhibitory receptors/checkpoint proteins in the immunopathology of sepsis
Authors: Fallon Eleanor A , Biron-Girard Bethany M , Chung Chun-Shiang , Lomas-Neira Joanne , Heffernan Daithi S , Monaghan Sean F , Ayala Alfred 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Coinhibitory molecules, such as PD-1, CTLA-4, 2B4, and BTLA, are an important new family of mediators in the pathophysiology of severe bacterial and/or fungal infection, as well as the combined insults of shock and sepsis. Further, the expression of these molecules may serve as indicators of the immune status of the septic individual. Using PD-1:PD-L as an example, we discuss in this review how such checkpoint molecules may affect the host response to infection by mediating the balance between effective immune defense and immune-mediated tissue injury. Additionally, we explore how the up-regulation of PD-1 and/or PD-L1 expression on not only adaptive immune cells (e.g., T cells), but also on innate immune cells (e.g., macrophages, monocytes, and neutrophils), as well as nonimmune cells during sepsis and/or shock contributes to functional alterations often with detrimental sequelae.
Mammalian target of rapamycin regulates a hyperresponsive state in pulmonary neutrophils late after burn injury
Authors: Dunn Julia L M , Kartchner Laurel B , Gast Karli , Sessions Marci , Hunter Rebecca A , Thurlow Lance , Richardson Anthony , Schoenfisch Mark , Cairns Bruce A , Maile Robert 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBacterial pneumonia is a leading cause of death late after burn injury due to the severe immune dysfunction that follows this traumatic injury. The Mechanistic/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) pathway drives many effector functions of innate immune cells required for bacterial clearance. Studies have demonstrated alterations in multiple cellular processes in patients and animal models following burn injury in which mTOR is a central component. Goals of this study were to (1) investigate the importance of mTOR signaling in antimicrobial activity by neutrophils and (2) therapeutically target mTOR to promote normalization of the immune response. We utilized a murine model of 20% total body surface area burn and the mTOR-specific inhibitor rapamycin. Burn injury led to innate immune hyperresponsiveness in the lung including recruitment of neutrophils with greater ex vivo oxidative activity compared with neutrophils from sham-injured mice. Elevated oxidative function correlated with improved clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, despite down-regulated expression of the bacterial-sensing TLR molecules. Rapamycin administration reversed the burn injury-induced lung innate immune hyperresponsiveness and inhibited enhanced bacterial clearance in burn mice compared with untreated burn mice, resulting in significantly higher mortality. Neutrophil ex vivo oxidative burst was decreased by rapamycin treatment. These data indicate that (1) neutrophil function within the lung is more important than recruitment for bacterial clearance following burn injury and (2) mTOR inhibition significantly impacts innate immune hyperresponsiveness, including neutrophil effector function, allowing normalization of the immune response late after burn injury.
Method for retrospective estimation of natural head movement during structural MRI
Authors: Zacà Domenico , Hasson Uri , Minati Ludovico , Jovicich Jorge 
Published: February 2018

BackgroundHead motion during brain structural MRI scans biases brain morphometry measurements but quantitative retrospective methods estimating head motion from structural MRI have not been evaluated.PurposeTo verify the hypothesis that two metrics retrospectively computed from MR images: 1) average edge strength (AES, reduced with image blurring) and 2) entropy (ENT, increased with blurring and ringing artifacts) could be sensitive to in‐scanner head motion during acquisition of T1‐weighted MR images.Study TypeRetrospective.Population/Subjects/Phantom/Specimen/Animal ModelIn all, 83 healthy control (HC) and 120 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.Field Strength/Sequence3D magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo (MPRAGE) images at 3T.AssessmentWe 1) compared AES and ENT distribution between HC and PD; 2) evaluated the correlation between tremor score (TS) and AES (or ENT) in PD; and 3) investigated cortical regions showing an association between AES (or ENT) and local and network‐level covariance measures of cortical thickness (CT), gray to white matter contrast (GWC) and gray matter density maps (GMx).Statistical Tests1) Student's t‐test. 2) Spearman's rank correlation. 3) General linear model and partial least square analysis.ResultsAES, but not ENT, differentiated HC and PD (P = 0.02, HC median AES = 39.8, interquartile range = 9.8, PD median AES = 37.6, interquartile range = 8.1). In PD, AES correlated negatively with TS (ρ = –0.21, P = 0.02) and showed a significant relationship (|Z| >3, P < 0.001) with structural covariance of CT and GWC in 54 out of 68 cortical regions.Data ConclusionIn clinical populations prone to head motion, AES can provide a reliable retrospective index of motion during structural scans, identifying brain areas whose morphometric measures covary with motion.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:927–937.
Treatment outcome for locally advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer using TomoDirect plan and its characteristics compared to the TomoHelical plan
Authors: Mukai Yuki , Omura Motoko , Hashimoto Harumitu , Matsui Kengo , Hongo Hideyuki , Yamakabe Wataru , Yoshida Miwa , Hata Masaharu , Inoue Tomio 
Published: February 2018

AbstractIntroductionTomoDirect (TD) is an intensity‐modulated radiotherapy system that uses a fixed gantry angle instead of the rotational beam delivery used in the TomoHelical (TH) system. This study was performed (1) to evaluate the treatment outcome of the TD plan for locally advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and (2) to compare the characteristics of TD plans with those of TH plans.MethodsTwenty‐one patients with NSCLC were treated using the TD system. The prescribed dose was 40 Gy/20 Fx for the initial planning target volume (PTV), which included the gross tumour volume (GTV) and lymph node regions. A boost plan of 20 Gy/10 Fx was then applied, focusing on the GTV. For the planning study, matched TH plans of 40 Gy for the initial PTV were created for each patient, to meet the same dosimetric constraints specified in the TD plans.ResultsThe 2‐year overall survival, progression‐free survival and local control rates were 47%, 45% and 74% respectively. Grade 2 treatment‐related pneumonitis occurred in three (14%) patients. The planning study comparing TD and TH showed that dose distribution to GTV and PTV were not significantly different. The lung V5 Gy was lower in the TD plans than TH plans (46.4 ± 5.4 vs. 52.3 ± 8.5), while the V20 Gy was higher (26.2 ± 4 vs. 24 ± 4.3). The TD plans had a significantly shorter treatment time than TH plans (4.5 ± 1.3 min vs. 9.8 ± 1.5 min).ConclusionsTD is a clinically acceptable treatment option for NSCSL. The quality of the TD and TH plans are comparable.
Spin–phonon coupling in HoCr1 − xFexO3 (x = 0 and 0.5) compounds
Authors: Kotnana Ganesh , Sathe Vasant.G. , Narayana Jammalamadaka S. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe report on the temperature dependent Raman scattering studies of polycrystalline HoCr1 − xFexO3 (x = 0 and 0.5) compounds. No signature of phonon mode related to structural phase transition is evident in the investigated temperature range in both the compounds. The thermal evolution of phonon spectra indicates a deviation of B3g(3) mode from the expected anharmonic behaviour below magnetic ordering temperature TN in HoCrO3 compound. This behaviour is attributed to spin–phonon coupling, which is due to the modulation of super exchange integral by lattice vibration. On the other hand, the anomalous behaviour of Ag mode and its line‐width around magnetic ordering in HoCr0.5Fe0.5O3 compound suggest the spin–phonon coupling. Apart from that, a clear deviation of wavenumber pertinent to B2g(1) mode suggests the possibility to observe ferroelectricity in HoCr0.5Fe0.5O3 compound. We believe that the present results would be helpful in obtaining new materials with multiferroicity near room temperature.