bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drag Force on Submerged Flexible Vegetation in an Open‐Channel Flow
Authors: Wang Jianyu , He Guojian , Huang Lei , Dey Subhasish , Fang Hongwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe movement of submerged flexible vegetation leads to an increase in resistance to the stream flow. In this study, a formula that can directly calculate the drag force on a highly flexible submerged vegetation, called Ceratophyllum, by using the vegetation swaying characteristics and the flow field information in a steady‐uniform open‐channel flow is derived. The drag force on submerged flexible vegetation is characterized by the time‐averaged flow velocity, turbulence intensity, and the additional force arising from the vegetation swaying. Based on the results of the numerical models in the previous studies (Wang et al., 2022a, 2022b, https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2022.598, https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2022.899), the drag coefficient is determined. It is revealed that the drag coefficient is influenced by a combination of factors, including the flow conditions, and the distribution and movement characteristics of vegetation. The drag coefficient decreases with an increase in velocity and is approximately linearly related to the cubic power of the bulk flow velocity. In the case of an inter‐plant spacing of 0.5 times the initial plant height, the drag coefficient ranges from 10.72 to 2.11, as the Reynolds number varies from 20,000 to 50,000. Besides, the vegetation distribution density and the relative submergence influence the drag coefficient. In this context, the drag coefficient decreases linearly with an increase in the inter‐plant spacing. For the Reynolds number equaling 50,000, the drag coefficient ranges from 2.11 to 2.02, when the inter‐plant spacing varies from 0.5 to 2 times the plant height, and from 2.47 to 1.79, when the flow depth varies from 1.5 to 3 times the plant height.
Single-cell transcriptomics of pediatric Burkitt lymphoma reveals intra-tumor heterogeneity and markers of therapy resistance
Authors: Corinaldesi Clarissa , Holmes Antony B. , Martire Gaia , Tosato Anna , Rizzato Domenico , Lovisa Federica , Gallingani Ilaria , Shen Qiong , Ferrone Lavinia , Harris Marian , Davies Kimberly , Molinaro Luca , Mortara Umberto , Dei Tos Angelo Paolo , Ofori Kenneth , D’Amore Emanuele S. G. , Chiarle Roberto , Ngan Bo , Carraro Elisa , Pillon Marta , Hussein Shafinaz , Bhagat Govind , Pizzi Marco , Mussolin Lara , Basso Katia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBurkitt lymphoma (BL) is the most frequent B-cell lymphoma in pediatric patients. While most patients are cured, a fraction of them are resistant to therapy. To investigate BL heterogeneity and the features distinguishing therapy responders (R) from non-responders (NR), we analyzed by single-cell (sc)-transcriptomics diagnostic EBV-negative BL specimens. Analysis of the non-tumor component revealed a predominance of immune cells and a small representation of fibroblasts, enriched in NR. Tumors displayed patient-specific features, as well as shared subpopulations that expressed transcripts related to cell cycle, signaling pathways and cell-of-origin signatures. Several transcripts were differentially expressed in R versus NR. The top candidate, Tropomyosin 2 (TPM2), a member of the tropomyosin actin filament binding protein family, was confirmed to be significantly higher in NR both at the transcript and protein level. Stratification of patients based on TPM2 expression at diagnosis significantly correlated with prognosis, independently of TP53 mutations. These results indicate that BL displays transcriptional heterogeneity and identify candidate biomarkers of therapy resistance.
Kinetic origin of hysteresis and the strongly enhanced reversible barocaloric effect by regulating the atomic coordination environment
Authors: Yu Zi-Bing , Zhou Hou-Bo , Hu Feng-Xia , Wang Jian-Tao , Shen Fei-Ran , He Lun-Hua , Tian Zheng-Ying , Gao Yi-Hong , Wang Bing-Jie , Lin Yuan , Kan Yue , Wang Jing , Chen Yun-Zhong , Sun Ji-Rong , Zhao Tong-Yun , Shen Bao-Gen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Hysteresis is an inherent property of first-order transition materials that poses challenges for solid-state refrigeration applications. Extensive research has been conducted, but the intrinsic origins of hysteresis remain poorly understood. Here, we report a study of the kinetic origin of hysteresis and the enhanced barocaloric effect (BCE) in MnCoGe-based alloys with ~2% nonmagnetic In atoms. First-principles calculations demonstrate that substituting In atoms at Ge sites rather than Co sites results in a lower energy barrier, indicating a narrower hysteresis for the former. Combining neutron powder diffraction (NPD) with magnetic and calorimetric measurements completely verified the theoretical prediction. Electron local function (ELF) calculations further reveal the atomic coordination origin of regulated hysteresis due to weaker Co–Ge bonds when In atoms replace Ge, which is opposite to Co sites. Moreover, we experimentally investigate the BCE and find that although MnCo(Ge0.98In0.02) has a lower barocaloric entropy change ΔSP than does Mn(Co0.98In0.02)Ge, the reversible ΔSrev of the former is advantageous owing to a smaller hysteresis. The maximum ΔSrev of MnCo(Ge0.98In0.02) is 1.7 times greater than that of Mn(Co0.98In0.02)Ge. These results reveal the atomic-scale mechanism regulating hysteresis and provide insights into tailoring the functional properties of novel caloric refrigeration materials.
Symmetry-adapted Markov state models of closing, opening, and desensitizing in α 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Zhuang Yuxuan , Howard Rebecca J. , Lindahl Erik 
Published: October 2024

Abstractα7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are homopentameric ligand-gated ion channels with critical roles in the nervous system. Recent studies have resolved and functionally annotated closed, open, and desensitized states of these receptors, providing insight into ion permeation and lipid binding. However, the process by which α7 nAChRs transition between states remains unclear. To understand gating and lipid modulation, we generated two ensembles of molecular dynamics simulations of apo α7 nAChRs, with or without cholesterol. Using symmetry-adapted Markov state modeling, we developed a five-state gating model. Free energies recapitulated functional behavior, with the closed state dominating in absence of agonist. Open-to-nonconducting transition rates corresponded to experimental open durations. Cholesterol relatively stabilized the desensitized state, and reduced open-desensitized barriers. These results establish plausible asymmetric transition pathways between states, define lipid modulation effects on the α7 nAChR conformational cycle, and provide an ensemble of structural models applicable to rational design of lipidic pharmaceuticals.
Metallization of leaf-derived lignocellulose scaffolds for high-performance flexible electronics and oligodynamic disinfection
Authors: Nair Rakesh Rajendran , Nita-Lazar Mihai , Badescu Valeriu Robert , Iftode Cristina , Wolansky Jakob , Antrack Tobias , Kleemann Hans , Leo Karl 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVascular tubules in natural leaves form quasi-fractal networks that can be metallized. Traditional metallization techniques for these lignocellulose structures are complex, involving metal sputtering, nanoparticle solutions, or multiple chemical pretreatments. Here we present a novel, facile, and reliable method for metallizing leaf-derived lignocellulose scaffolds using silver microparticles. The method achieves properties on-par with the state-of-the-art, such as broadband optical transmittance of over 80%, sheet resistances below 1 Ω/sq., and a current-carrying capacity exceeding 6 A over a 2.5 × 2.5 cm² quasi-fractal electrode. We also demonstrate copper electrodeposition as a cost-effective approach towards fabricating such conductive, biomimetic quasi-fractals. Additionally, we show that these metallized structures can effectively eliminate pathogenic microorganisms like fecal coliforms and E. coli, which are bacterial indicators of microbiological contamination of water. We finally show that these oligodynamic properties can be significantly enhanced with a small externally applied voltage, indicating the noteworthy potential of such structures for water purification and pollution control.
Pegylated gold nanoparticles interact with lipid bilayer and human serum albumin and transferrin
Authors: Okła Elżbieta , Michlewska Sylwia , Buczkowski Adam , Zawadzki Serafin , Miłowska Katarzyna , Sánchez-Nieves Javier , Gómez Rafael , de la Mata Francisco Javier , Bryszewska Maria , Blasiak Janusz , Ionov Maksim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are potentially applicable in drug/nucleic acid delivery systems. Low toxicity, high stability, and bioavailability are crucial for the therapeutic use of AuNPs and they are mainly determined by their interactions with proteins and lipids on their route to the target cells. In this work, we investigated the interaction of two pegylated gold nanoparticles, AuNP14a and AuNP14b, with human serum proteins albumin (HSA) and transferrin (Tf) as well as dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes, which can be a representative of biomembranes. We showed that AuNP14a/b interacted with HSA and Tf changing their electrical, thermodynamic, and structural properties as evidenced by dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, transmission electron microscopy, circular dichroism, fluorescence quenching, and isothermal titration calorimetry. These nanoparticles penetrated the DMPC membrane suggesting their ability to reach a target inside the cell. In most of the effects, AuNP14b was more effective than AuNP14a, which might result from its more positive charge. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether the interaction of AuNP14a/b with HSA and Tf is safe for the cell/organism and whether they may safely penetrate natural membranes.
Using space lidar to infer bubble cloud depth on a global scale
Authors: Josset Damien , Cayula Stephanie , Anguelova Magdalena , Rogers W. Erick , Wang David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVisible and microwave satellite measurements can provide the global whitecap fraction. The bubble clouds are three-dimensional structures, and a space-based lidar can provide complementary observations of the bubble depth. Here, we use lidar measurements of the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite to quantify global bubble depth from the depolarization. The relationship between CALIPSO bubble depth and wind speed from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) and AMSR2 is similar to a recently derived relationship based on buoy measurements. The CALIPSO-based bubble depth data show global distributions and seasonal variations consistent with the high wind speed (> 7 m/s) but with some variance. We also found similarities between the CALIPSO bubble depth and the whitecap fraction from AMSR2 and WindSat. Our findings support the use of spaceborne lidar measurements for advancing the understanding of the 3D bubble properties, and the ocean physics at high wind speeds.
T cell immuno-phenotyping : a source of predictive biomarkers for autoimmune hepatitis relapse
Authors: Imbert Astrid , Gavlovsky Pierre-Jean , Judor Jean-Paul , Bardou-Jacquet Edouard , Elkrief Laure , Lannes Adrien , Silvain Christine , Schnee Mathieu , Tanne Florence , Chevalier Caroline , Vavasseur Fabienne , Khaldi Marion , Brouard Sophie , Mosnier Jean-François , Gournay Jérôme , Conchon Sophie , Renand Amédée 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRelapse after immunosuppression (IS) treatment withdrawal is frequent in patients with Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH), and non-invasive biomarkers predictive of this risk are lacking. We assessed the frequency of circulating T cell subsets as potential biomarkers of disease activity and predictor of the risk of relapse after IS withdrawal. Serum levels of the cytokine B-cell Activating Factor (BAFF) were also investigated. Blood samples from 58 patients with active AIH, 56 AIH patients in remission, and 31 patients with NASH were analyzed. The frequency of activated CD4+ T peripheral helper (TPH) cells (CD4+CD45RA-CXCR5-PD1+CD38+) and of activated CD8+ T cells (CD8+CD45RA-PD1+CD38+) were assessed by flow cytometry. BAFF levels were determined by ELISA. Activated TPH and CD8+ T cell frequencies were significantly increased in patients with active AIH compared to remission AIH or NASH (TPH: 0.88% of total CD3+ vs. 0.42% and 0.39% respectively, p < 0.0001; CD8+ subset: 1.42% vs. 0.09% and 0.11% p < 0.0001). Among patients in remission undergoing treatment withdrawal (n = 18), those with increased frequencies of activated TPH (> 0.5% of total CD3+) and/or activated CD8+ T cells (> 0.18% total CD3+) had a higher risk of relapse (80% vs. 15% after 2 years, p = 0.0071). High BAFF serum concentration (> 213pg/ml) was also associated to a higher risk of relapse (57% vs. 11%, p = 0.0452). In conclusion, high frequency of activated TPH and of activated CD8+, as well as high levels of BAFF, before IS discontinuation, were significantly associated to a greater risk of relapse during the first two years. Thus, they represent promising biomarkers to provide personalized clinical follow-up for patients with AIH.
The effects of restorative material and location on the detection of simulated recurrent caries. A comparison of dental film, direct digital radiography and tuned aperture computed tomography
Authors: Nair M K , Tyndall D A , Ludlow J B , May K , Ye F 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To explore the effects of restorative material and lesion location on the detection of recurrent caries using intra-oral film, direct digital radiography and unprocessed and iteratively restored tuned aperture computed tomography (TACT) images.

METHODS
An in vitro model with simulated lesions in half the surfaces studied was used. Lesions of varying sizes were created at either the intersection of the facial or lingual wall and the gingival floor or on the gingival floor midway between the facial and lingual walls in the proximal boxes of 24 molar teeth with MOD inlay preparations that had been restored with amalgam, radiopaque composite or radiolucent composite.

RESULTS
Sensitivity and specificity values based on restoration were: amalgam: 59 and 87%; radiopaque composite: 68 and 78%; radiolucent composite: 36 and 93%; based on lesion location, mid-cervical floor region: 51 and 97%; point angle region: 44 and 90%; based on imaging modality, film: 40 and 85%; digital: 44 and 76%; unprocessed TACT slices: 50 and 87%, iteratively restored TACT images: 83 and 96%. Iteratively restored TACT images had the best intra- and inter-reader agreement.

CONCLUSIONS
The use of restorative materials with a density approximating that of enamel is more effective for the detection of recurrent caries. Lesions located at the buccal point angle or mid-gingival floor are more easily detected than at the lingual point angle region. The sensitivity and specificity of TACT and iteratively restored TACT images were superior to those of film and direct digital images.
Thermology and facial telethermography: Part II. Current and future clinical applications in dentistry
Authors: Gratt B M , Anbar M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Selected clinical applications using thermal imaging as an aid in dentistry are reviewed. Facial skin temperature can easily be measured in a clinical setting, without direct skin contact, by monitoring the emitted infrared radiation. This is the basis of static area telethermography (SAT) and dynamic area telethermography (DAT). SAT has recently been shown to be of help to the dentist in (1) the diagnosis of chronic orofacial pain, (2) as a unique tool in assessment of TMJ disorders, (3) as an aid in assessment of inferior alveolar nerve deficit, and (4) as a promising research tool. DAT, recently made possible by advances in computing technology combined with advanced infrared sensor technology, extracts quantitative information about hemodynamic processes from hundreds to thousands of digital thermal images of the affected facial areas, measured and collected within less than 3 min. DAT has promise of offering a better insight into aberrations of the neuronal control of facial skin perfusion and aiding our understanding of the correlation between orofacial pain and facial thermal abnormalities. This promising new insight may help in the management of orofacial pain.
Densitometric evaluation of four radiographic processing solutions
Authors: Akdeniz B G , Lomçali G 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To determine the performance of different processing solutions using an automatic processor for dental radiography.

STUDY DESIGN
One brand of dental X-ray film (Minimax, Chicago, IL, USA) was developed in an automatic processor using four different brands of processing solution: Megasan (MGS, Megasan, Ankara, Turkey), (HAC, Ankara, Turkey), Fuji (Fuji Medical, Hacettepe Cedex, France) and RP X-Omat (Eastman Kodak, Rochester, NY, USA) at a range of temperatures. Performance was evaluated with respect to base plug fog density, relative speed and contrast.

RESULTS
All solutions produced acceptable base plus fog values. MGS produced significantly greater densities (P &lt; 0.05) than the other three solutions. Contrast obtained with Kodak and Fuji solutions was less than with MGS and HAC. Developing temperature recommended by the manufacturer of the processor were found to be higher than that needed to achieve a clinically acceptable film.

CONCLUSIONS
Depending on the processor and processing solutions used, exposure time and processing temperature can be modified while maintaining image quality. The cheapest processing solution (MGS) gave the same results as the more expensive.
Comparison of arthroscopy and radiography in patients with temporomandibular joint symptoms and generalized arthritis
Authors: Gynther G W , Tronje G 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To compare arthroscopy with radiography in patients with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) symptoms and generalized joint disease.

METHODS
Twenty patients with generalized osteoarthritis (GOA) and TMJ symptoms and 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and TMJ symptoms were examined with arthroscopy and radiography (individualized oblique lateral transcranial projections and sagittal and frontal tomography).

RESULTS
In the GOA group there was a significant correlation between pronounced degenerative changes at arthroscopy and flattening of the eminence and reduced joint space superiorly and posteriorly on radiographs and between moderate to pronounced bone or disk remodelling and reduced joint space superiorly and posteriorly. In the RA group there was a significant correlation between moderate to pronounced degenerative changes at arthroscopy and radiographically extensive erosions in the condyle and between moderate to pronounced fibrosis and reduced translation.

CONCLUSION
Compared with conventional tomography, arthroscopy revealed TMJ pathology earlier and more frequently. It may therefore in individual cases be the first choice examination, particularly as treatment can be given simultaneously.
Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the management of coronoid process hyperplasia: review of five cases
Authors: Pregarz M , Fugazzola C , Consolo U , Andreis I A , Beltramello A , Gotte P 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To describe the imaging features of primary bilateral coronoid hyperplasia, with particular reference to the use of CT and MRI.

MATERIALS
A series of five cases is reviewed.

RESULTS
The correct diagnosis was achieved with panoramic radiography alone or with the addition of CT. MRI did not provide additional pre-operative information; it was useful in the postoperative assessment of poor functional recovery in order to determine the presence of haematoma and/or fibrosis.

CONCLUSIONS
Although panoramic radiography alone can demonstrate this condition, CT has an important role in diagnosis and is useful for an adequate surgical planning by allowing assessment of the size of impingement of the coronoid processes. MRI is useful for evaluating postoperative complications involving soft tissue.
The effects of projection geometry and trabecular texture on estimated fractal dimensions in two alveolar bone models
Authors: Chen S K , Chen C M 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To study the effects of trabecular texture and projection geometry on estimates of fractal dimensions from simulated alveolar bone.

METHODS
Two models, one scale-variant and the other relatively scale-invariant, were used. Projections of 2-D slices through both the models were calculated, a uniform series of projections computed for the angular orientations between (0 degree and 180 degrees). Results of the 128 stacked projections are the projection of the 3-D object from different angles. Power spectra were produced by calculating the squared magnitude from the data and plotted as the logarithm of the power against the logarithm of the frequency, to give the fractal dimension.

RESULTS
In the scale-variant model, the alveolar trabecular texture produced with a relatively thicker cylindrical diameter yielded a smaller fractal dimension (t = 8.44, P = 0.00). Linear regression analysis showed that the correlation between projection angle and the resulting fractal dimension was low for both the thicker cylinder (r = 0.02, P = 0.82), and for thinner cylinder (r = 0.02, P = 0.84). The scale-invariant model, also yielded a relatively smaller estimated fractal dimension (t = 7.23, P = 0.00). However, the correlation between projection angle and the resulting estimate of the fractal dimension was found to be low for both trabecular configurations (r = 0.10, P = 0.29 and r = 0.07, P = 0.45 respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Fractal dimensions increased when the diameter of the simulated cylindrical trabeculae decreased irrespective of the differences in self-similarity. The degree to which they varied with projection angle was relatively less for the scale-invariant (self-similar) model. However, fractal dimensions changed significantly with projection geometry.
Effect of different background lighting conditions on diagnostic performance of digital and film images
Authors: Cederberg R A , Frederiksen N L , Benson B W , Shulman J D 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To compare the performance of a photostimulable phosphor (PSP) imaging system with radiographic film for the detection of approximal lesions under two background lighting conditions.

METHODS
Bitewing exposures were made of the extracted human teeth with artificial approximal lesions using D-speed and E-speed radiographic film and a PSP imaging plate. Eight dentists rated 12 approximal surfaces in each image on a 5-point scale. Images were viewed with overhead fluorescent room lighting on and off. ROC curves were generated for each image receptor and lighting condition. Repeated measures analysis of variance ANOVA tested differences between observers, lesion size, image receptor, lighting condition.

RESULTS
Mean ROC curve areas for D-speed film viewed in full ambient light scored highest (0.8030) followed by E-speed film using dark conditions (0.7386). The lowest mean curve area was found when PSP (enhanced mode) images were viewed in a dark room (0.6726). Significant differences were found between observers, lesion size, image receptor and image receptor-lesion size interaction. No significant difference was found with background lighting.

CONCLUSIONS
Background lighting does not appear to effect the ability to detect artificial approximal lesions.