bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained acceleration of soil carbon decomposition observed in a 6-year warming experiment in a warm-temperate forest in southern Japan
Authors: Teramoto Munemasa , Liang Naishen , Takagi Masahiro , Zeng Jiye , Grace John 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTo examine global warming’s effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition in Asian monsoon forests, we conducted a soil warming experiment with a multichannel automated chamber system in a 55-year-old warm-temperate evergreen broadleaved forest in southern Japan. We established three treatments: control chambers for total soil respiration, trenched chambers for heterotrophic respiration (Rh), and warmed trenched chambers to examine warming effect on Rh. The soil was warmed with an infrared heater above each chamber to increase soil temperature at 5 cm depth by about 2.5 °C. The warming treatment lasted from January 2009 to the end of 2014. The annual warming effect on Rh (an increase per °C) ranged from 7.1 to17.8% °C−1. Although the warming effect varied among the years, it averaged 9.4% °C−1 over 6 years, which was close to the value of 10.1 to 10.9% °C−1 that we calculated using the annual temperature–efflux response model of Lloyd and Taylor. The interannual warming effect was positively related to the total precipitation in the summer period, indicating that summer precipitation and the resulting soil moisture level also strongly influenced the soil warming effect in this forest.
Diamond photonics platform enabled by femtosecond laser writing
Authors: Sotillo Belén , Bharadwaj Vibhav , Hadden J. P. , Sakakura Masaaki , Chiappini Andrea , Fernandez Toney Teddy , Longhi Stefano , Jedrkiewicz Ottavia , Shimotsuma Yasuhiko , Criante Luigino , Osellame Roberto , Galzerano Gianluca , Ferrari Maurizio , Miura Kiyotaka , Ramponi Roberta , Barclay Paul E. , Eaton Shane Michael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDiamond is a promising platform for sensing and quantum processing owing to the remarkable properties of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) impurity. The electrons of the NV center, largely localized at the vacancy site, combine to form a spin triplet, which can be polarized with 532 nm laser light, even at room temperature. The NV’s states are isolated from environmental perturbations making their spin coherence comparable to trapped ions. An important breakthrough would be in connecting, using waveguides, multiple diamond NVs together optically. However, still lacking is an efficient photonic fabrication method for diamond akin to the photolithographic methods that have revolutionized silicon photonics. Here, we report the first demonstration of three dimensional buried optical waveguides in diamond, inscribed by focused femtosecond high repetition rate laser pulses. Within the waveguides, high quality NV properties are observed, making them promising for integrated magnetometer or quantum information systems on a diamond chip.
Optogenetics design of mechanistically-based stimulation patterns for cardiac defibrillation
Authors: Crocini Claudia , Ferrantini Cecilia , Coppini Raffaele , Scardigli Marina , Yan Ping , Loew Leslie M. , Smith Godfrey , Cerbai Elisabetta , Poggesi Corrado , Pavone Francesco S. , Sacconi Leonardo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCurrent rescue therapies for life-threatening arrhythmias ignore the pathological electro-anatomical substrate and base their efficacy on a generalized electrical discharge. Here, we developed an all-optical platform to examine less invasive defibrillation strategies. An ultrafast wide-field macroscope was developed to optically map action potential propagation with a red-shifted voltage sensitive dye in whole mouse hearts. The macroscope was implemented with a random-access scanning head capable of drawing arbitrarily-chosen stimulation patterns with sub-millisecond temporal resolution allowing precise epicardial activation of Channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2). We employed this optical system in the setting of ventricular tachycardia to optimize mechanistic, multi-barrier cardioversion/defibrillation patterns. Multiple regions of conduction block were created with a very high cardioversion efficiency but with lower energy requirements as compared to whole ventricle interventions to interrupt arrhythmias. This work demonstrates that defibrillation energies can be substantially reduced by applying discrete stimulation patterns and promotes the progress of current anti-arrhythmic strategies.
Beyond fun runs and fruit bowls: an evaluation of the meso‐level processes that shaped the Australian Healthy Workers Initiative
Authors: Grunseit Anne C. , Rowbotham Samantha , Pescud Melanie , Indig Devon , Wutzke Sonia 
Published: October 2016

Issue addressedThe Australian National Partnership Agreement on Preventive Health (NPAPH) charged states and territories with the development and implementation of the Healthy Workers Initiative (HWI) to improve workplace health promotion. Most evaluation efforts focus on the setting (micro) level. In the present study the HWI at the meso‐level (state program development) was examined to understand how jurisdictions navigated theoretical, practical, and political priorities to develop their programs, and the programmatic choices that support or hinder perceived success.MethodsInterviews with HWI program coordinators and managers across seven Australian jurisdictions explored decisionmaking processes related to developing and implementing the HWI and the impact of defunding. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsDespite taking a variety of approaches to the HWI, jurisdictions had common goals, namely achieving sustainability and capacity for meaningful change. These goals transcended the performance indicators set out by the NPAPH, which were considered unachievable in the given timeframe. Four ways jurisdictions sought to achieve their goals were identified, these were: 1) taking an embedded approach to workplace health promotion; 2) ensuring relevance of the HWI to businesses; 3) engaging in collaborative partnerships with agencies responsible for implementation; and 4) cultivating evolution of the HWI.ConclusionsThis meso‐level evaluation has provided valuable insights into how health promotion program coordinators translate broad, national‐level initiatives into state‐specific programs and how they define program success. The study findings also highlight how broader, contextual factors, such as jurisdiction size, political imperatives and funding decisions impact on the implementation and success of a national health promotion initiative.So what?When evaluating the translation of complex initiatives, a meso‐level analysis can reveal valuable principles for informing program effectiveness and sustainability. It can also identify alignment between macro‐ and meso‐level goals and where macro‐level specifications may hinder or assist those goals.
Axisymmetric oscillations at L–H transitions in JET: M-mode
Authors: Solano Emilia R. , Vianello N. , Delabie E. , Hillesheim J.C. , Buratti P. , Réfy D. , Balboa I. , Boboc A. , Coelho R. , Sieglin B. , Silburn S. , Drewelow P. , Devaux S. , Dodt D. , Figueiredo A. , Frassinetti L. , Marsen S. , Meneses L. , Maggi C.F. , Morris J. , Gerasimov S. , Baruzzo M. , Stamp M. , Grist D. , Nunes I. , Rimini F. , Schmuck S. , Lupelli I. , Silva C. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
L to H transition studies at JET have revealed an n  =  0, m  =  1 magnetic oscillation starting immediately at the L to H transition (called M-mode for brevity). While the magnetic oscillation is present a weak ELM-less H-mode regime is obtained, with a clear increase of density and a weak electron temperature pedestal. It is an intermediate state between L and H-mode. In ICRH heated plasmas or low density NBI plasmas the magnetic mode and the pedestal can remain steady (with small oscillations) for the duration of the heating phase, of order 10 s or more. The axisymmetric magnetic oscillation has period ~0.5–2 ms, and poloidal mode number m  =  1: it looks like a pedestal localised up/down oscillation, although it is clearly a natural oscillation of the plasma, not driven by the position control system. Electron cyclotron emission, interferometry, reflectometry and fast Li beam measurements locate the mode in the pedestal region. D

α
, fast infrared camera and Langmuir probe measurements show that the mode modulates heat and particle fluxes to the target. The mode frequency appears to scale with the poloidal Alfvén velocity, and not with sound speed (i.e. it is not a geodesic acoustic mode). A heuristic model is proposed for the frequency scaling of the mode. We discuss the relationship between the M-mode and other related observations near the L–H transition.
Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors and Arterial Stiffness in Patients With Coronary Atherosclerosis
Authors: Kim Hack-Lyoung , Lee Jung Pyo , An Jung Nam , Kim Jin Hyuk , Lim Woo-Hyun , Seo Jae-Bin , Chung Woo-Young , Oh Yoon Kyu , Kim Yon Su , Lim Chun Soo , Zo Joo-Hee , Kim Myung-A , Kim Sang-Hyun 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Soluble forms of tumor necrosis factor receptors (sTNFRs) are emerging target molecules of inflammatory disease. However, their role in vascular biology is not well known. This study was performed to investigate the association between serum concentrations of sTNFRs and arterial stiffness.

METHODS
A total of 117 consecutive patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD) (63.6 ± 11.0 years; men, 65%) who were referred for invasive coronary angiography (ICA) were prospectively enrolled. Arterial blood sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) measurements were made within 24 hours of blood sampling for sTNFRs measurement.

RESULTS
Most of the patients (86.3%) had significant CAD (stenosis ≥ 50%) in ICA. In simple linear regression analyses, there were significant positive correlations of baPWV with sTNFR1 (r = 0.483, P &lt; 0.001) and sTNFR2 (r = 0.366, P &lt; 0.001). In multiple linear regression analyses, sTNFR1 (β = 0.316, P &lt; 0.001) and sTNFR2 (β = 0.235, P = 0.005) had independent association with baPWV even after controlling for potential confounders.

CONCLUSION
sTNFR1 and sTNFR2 were independently associated with baPWV in patients undergoing ICA. This result may extend previous knowledge on close interactions between inflammation and arterial stiffening.
Measuring speaker-listener neural coupling with functional near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Liu Yichuan , Piazza Elise A. , Simony Erez , Shewokis Patricia A. , Onaral Banu , Hasson Uri , Ayaz Hasan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe present study investigates brain-to-brain coupling, defined as inter-subject correlations in the hemodynamic response, during natural verbal communication. We used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to record brain activity of speakers telling stories and listeners comprehending audio recordings of these stories. Listeners’ brain activity was correlated with speakers’ with a delay. This between-brain correlation disappeared when verbal communication failed. We further compared the fNIRS and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) recordings of listeners comprehending the same story and found a relationship between the fNIRS oxygenated-hemoglobin concentration changes and the fMRI BOLD in brain areas associated with speech comprehension. This correlation between fNIRS and fMRI was only present when data from the same story were compared between the two modalities and vanished when data from different stories were compared; this cross-modality consistency further highlights the reliability of the spatiotemporal brain activation pattern as a measure of story comprehension. Our findings suggest that fNIRS is a powerful tool for investigating brain-to-brain coupling during verbal communication. As fNIRS sensors are relatively low-cost and can even be built into wireless, portable, battery-operated systems, these results highlight the potential of broad utilization of this approach in everyday settings for augmenting communication and interaction.
Ring attractor dynamics emerge from a spiking model of the entire protocerebral bridge
Authors: Kakaria Kyobi S. , Bivort Benjamin de 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAnimal navigation is accomplished by a combination of landmark-following and dead reckoning based on estimates of self motion. Both of these approaches require the encoding of heading information, which can be represented as an allocentric or egocentric azimuthal angle. Recently, Ca2+correlates of landmark position and heading direction, in egocentric coordinates, were observed in the ellipsoid body (EB), a ring-shaped processing unit in the fly central complex (Seelig and Jayaraman, 2015). These correlates displayed key dynamics of so-called ring attractors, namely: 1) responsiveness to the position of external stimuli, 2) persistence in the absence of external stimuli, 3) locking onto a single external stimulus when presented with two competitors, 4) stochastically switching between competitors with low probability, and 5) sliding or jumping between positions when an external stimulus moves. We hypothesized that ring attractor-like activity in the EB arises from reciprocal neuronal connections to a related structure, the protocerebral bridge (PB). Using recent light-microscopy resolution catalogues of neuronal cell types in the PB (Wolff et al., 2015; Lin et al., 2013), we determined a connectivity matrix for the PB-EB circuit. When activity in this network was simulated using a leaky-integrate-and-fire model, we observed patterns of activity that closely resemble the reported Ca2+phenomena. All qualitative ring attractor behaviors were recapitulated in our model, allowing us to predict failure modes of the PB ring attractor and the circuit dynamic phenotypes of thermogenetic or optogenetic manipulations. Ring attractor dynamics emerged under a wide variety of parameter configurations, even including non-spiking leaky-integrator implementations. This suggests that the ring-attractor computation is a robust output of this circuit, apparently arising from its high-level network properties (topological configuration, local excitation and long-range inhibition) rather than biological nitty gritty.
The hidden elasticity of avian and mammalian genomes
Authors: Kapusta Aurélie , Suh Alexander , Feschotte Cédric 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGenome size in mammals and birds shows remarkably little interspecific variation compared to other taxa. Yet, genome sequencing has revealed that many mammal and bird lineages have experienced differential rates of transposable element (TE) accumulation, which would be predicted to cause substantial variation in genome size between species. Thus, we hypothesize that there has been co-variation between the amount of DNA gained by transposition and lost by deletion during mammal and avian evolution, resulting in genome size homeostasis. To test this model, we develop a computational pipeline to quantify the amount of DNA gained by TE expansion and lost by deletion over the last 100 million years (My) in the lineages of 10 species of eutherian mammals and 24 species of birds. The results reveal extensive variation in the amount of DNA gained via lineage-specific transposition, but that DNA loss counteracted this expansion to various extent across lineages. Our analysis of the rate and size spectrum of deletion events implies that DNA removal in both mammals and birds has proceeded mostly through large segmental deletions (>10 kb). These findings support a unified ‘accordion’ model of genome size evolution in eukaryotes whereby DNA loss counteracting TE expansion is a major determinant of genome size. Furthermore, we propose that extensive DNA loss, and not necessarily a dearth of TE activity, has been the primary force maintaining the greater genomic compaction of flying birds and bats relative to their flightless relatives.
Corporate governance in family businesses from Latin America, Spain and Portugal
Authors: Cortés Diógenes Lagos , Botero Isabel C. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to summarize what is known about corporate governance in family firms from Ibero-American countries based on published research.

Methodology
The authors conducted a literature search to identify the articles that have been published about the corporate governance of family firms in Latin America, Spain, and Portugal between 1980 and 2014. The authors found 38 articles that provide the sample for this review.

Findings
The results indicate that research on governance in Ibero-American family firms has focussed on understanding structures and processes related to the business and ownership systems. However, generalization of results across the region is difficult because of the lack of systematic approach of studies and the focus on a small number of countries.

Research limitations/implications
There are at least two limitations of this work: the small sample of projects identified for the review and the lack of systematic approach to research. Both of these may be due to the importance given to publishing the university context in this part of the world. As the culture of knowledge changes, the authors expect that research in this area will grow.

Originality/value
Although previous research indicates that cultural characteristics affect governance system choices and understanding of family firms, not many studies explore the importance of culture in governance choices of family firms. This paper provides a baseline of the understanding of governance in Ibero-American family firms, and identifies important area for future research.
Measuring the performance of property management companies in high-rise flats
Authors: C.W. Ho Daniel , Liusman Ervi 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The complex nature of multi-ownership, multi-storey buildings requires the services of property management companies (PMCs). Naturally, homeowners favor PMCs with good performance. Yet, their performances vary. The purpose of this paper is to measure the performance of PMCs in managing high-rise flats using the logic model as the contextual framework with its indicators adapted from the building quality index (BQI) scheme.

Design/methodology/approach
For this pilot study, the research was based on visual inspection and interviews with building management staff for the information concerning the output and outcome indicators. The authors also tested the relationship between outcomes and outputs and other factors that affect the performance of PMCs.

Findings
Based on our pilot study of 41 high-rise residential buildings, the performance outcomes of the PMCs varied considerably. The same PMC was likely to yield different performance outcomes due to unique building characteristics. The outputs, building ages and rehabilitation statuses of the buildings were the contributing factors to the PMCs’ performance outcomes.

Practical implications
The performance outcomes of the logic model can help homeowners and PMCs understand current PMC performance, which can help trigger the development of a strategy to enhance the health and safety of residential buildings in the future.

Originality/value
Unlike traditional performance measurements that use financial figures or balanced scorecards to measure organizational performance, the authors used the logic model performance measurement system because the performance outcomes of the PMCs were explicitly reflected in the physical building conditions. This framework was relatively straightforward and could be applied to cities dominated by multi-ownership, multi-storey apartments.
Organizing without organizations: on informal social activism in Poland
Authors: Polanska Dominika Vergara , Chimiak Galia 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine motivations of social activists in informal initiatives and to understand why they opt for this more spontaneous and self-organized activism while openly defying the hitherto established way of founding non-governmental organizations.

Design/methodology/approach
On the basis of a case study of Poland, which had one of the most vibrant civil societies in the socialist region, it is argued that the characteristics ascribed to the functioning of civil society after the toppling of socialism are not reflected in its more recent state. A broader definition of civil society and social activism is suggested to include new types of informal activism, which tend to be over-looked and under-studied. The analysis is built on qualitative and quantitative data gathered in 2014-2015.

Findings
The argument put forward is that un-institutionalized engagement is qualitatively different from its formal and institutionalized counterpart. The recent growth of informal activism is indicative of a rebirth of communitarian engagement in Polish civil society and a reaction to the underside of its institutionalization.

Originality/value
In spite of the seminal role played by societal self-organization in the overturning of the socialist system in Eastern European countries, the development of civil society in the region after 1989 has been repeatedly described as passive and characterized by distrustful or individualist attitudes. However, these civil societies have been changing since, and these more recent developments have been neglected by scholars.
Mobilising and organising in precarious times
Authors: Runciman Carin 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The paper argues that the field of social movement studies has been dominated by a movement organisation-centric approach. This organisational bias has constrained the analysis of collective action, especially in the Global South. The purpose of this paper is to contribute towards a reconceptualization of social movements which links them not to organisations but understanding social movements as a praxis linked to the material experiences of everyday life. Furthermore, the paper uses this expanded definition of social movements to revisit debates about mobilising and organising through reference to the contemporary South African context.

Design/methodology/approach
The empirical findings of the paper are based on ethnographic, qualitative and quantitative research on collective action in South Africa that has been carried out by the author since 2009.

Findings
The paper presents three case studies of collective action which demonstrate the variability, strengths and weaknesses of different forms organising and mobilising in contemporary South Africa.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to re-conceptualising social movements in a way in which the concept is better able to travel across the Global North and South as a heuristic device. Furthermore, the paper situates debates about the strengths of mobilising with and without organisations within the South African context.