bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profile of Anaemia in HIV Positive Patients
Authors: Bhusal Khem Raj , Devkota Surya , Shrestha Midhan , Khadga Prem 
Published: August 2016

Background & Objectives: This was a cross-sectional observational study designed to see the prevalence of anemia among HIV positive patients and its correlation with CD4 counts.Materials & Methods: Fifty five HIV/AIDS patients presented for the first time to Tribhuwan University Teaching Hospital [TUTH] were enrolled in the study. Patients' duration of HIV positivity, history regarding ART and duration, history of associated co morbid or opportunistic conditions were taken, CD4 counts, RFT, CBC test results were recorded. Patients' clinical and laboratory parameters were recorded. Anaemia was classified by WHO criteria for both men and women.Results: Out of 55 patients, 23 (42 %) had anemia, out of which 14 (60.87 %) had mild anemia (anemia but Hb not less than 9.5g/dl), four (17.39%) had moderate anemia (Hb 8 to 9.4 g/ dL) and two (8.7%) had severe anemia (Hb 6.5 to 7.9 g/dL) and three (13.04%) had very severe or life threatening anemia (Hb less than 6.5 g/dL). Corresponding odds ratio from stage CD4 counts<200 to CD4 counts >/= 200 for anemia was 4.55 times; which is statistically significant (p<0.0001). There was negative association between the prevalence of anemia and HIV stage (CD4 count).Conclusion: There was high prevalence of anemia and severity of immunodeficiency directly correlates with degree of anemia. Degree of anemia can be easily assessed even in rural clinical setting, hence degree of immunodeficiency can early be detected in all settings.JCMS Nepal. 2016;12(2):70-3
A Feasibility Study for an Integrated Approach to Fall Prevention in Community Care: Stay Up and Active in Orange County
Authors: Lindgren Spencer W. , Kwaschyn Katie , Roberts Ellen , Busby-Whitehead Jan , Evarts Lori A. , Shubert Tiffany 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionFalls among persons over 60 present significant risks for serious injury or debility. Falls place burdens on Emergency Medical Services (EMS), hospitals, and the adults themselves. Recognizing a need to provide interventions to minimize risk, Orange County Emergency Services (OCES), the Orange County Department on Aging (OCDoA), and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) partnered to create the Stay Up and Active Program (SUAA). The purpose of this study was to determine if SUAA was a feasible program to implement in the community.MethodsA streamlined workflow algorithm between the OCES and OCDoA was created and employed to provide falls risk assessment and necessary services. Qualitative techniques were used to assess the need for such a program and its potential impact. A subset of individuals was interviewed 3 months after the intervention to assess the impact of the intervention on their fall risk. Formal stakeholder interviews were not conducted, but anecdotal information from EMS providers was obtained and reported.ResultsIn the first 7 months, 478 instances of individuals who called OCES screened positive for falls risk. Of the 478 positive screenings, 55 individuals were identified as having received more than one positive fall screen due to multiple calls. The maximum number of positive screenings by one individual was 14. More women (61.3%) than men screened positive for fall risk. Individuals 88 years of age (6.9%) represented the highest number of individuals with positive screens. Nineteen (4.0%) people who called OCES and received the intervention completed a 3-month follow-up survey. Of the 19, 86% (n = 16) reported no recurrent fall.ConclusionThe number of individuals who screened positive supports the need for early identification and intervention through SUAA. This program identified several challenges connecting older adults with services already available to keep them independent, which provided insight to all stakeholders regarding factors that inhibit the program’s success. The program evaluation should continue to provide suggestions for improvement and ensure sustainability.
Les dossiers de la Sûreté d'État bulgare : le communisme dans les pliures du temps
Authors: Ragaru Nadège 
Published: August 2016

Досиетата на българската Държаваната сигурност. Преплетените времена на социализма.
През декември 2006, в навечерието на присъединяването на България към ЕС, едно оглавявано от социалистите мнозинство прокара закон за отваряне на досиетата на бившата Държавна сигурност. Настоящата статия има за цел да изследва обществените и политическите нагласи, които доведоха до този - на пръв поглед парадоксален - резултат. По-точно разглежда различното социално конструиране на проблемите, заложени в разсекретява- нето на информацията за делата на апарата на бившата Държавна сигурност. Правейки това, текстът развива аргументацията си в две посоки. Първо, въпреки че желанието да се изобличат престъпленията на комунистическия режим беше основната цел на онези социалните актьори, които работиха в продължение на години за разсекретява- нето, това конкретно схващане на проблема беше допълнено от търсенето на по-голяма прозрачност в младата демокрация или на по-ефикасна борба срещу организираната престъпност. На практика през последните двайсет години доминиращото разбиране на въпроса за досиетата премина от оценка на комунистическото минало към желание да се разкрият злодеянията на посткомунистическия преход - т.е. превземането на държавата. Този бавен ход е ключов за обяснението на това как в крайна сметка се достигна до консенсус за отварянето на досиетата. Второ, като резултат, когато преценяваме начините, по които миналото бива разказвано през проблема за комунистическите архиви, трябва да се вземат предвид няколко периода (пред кому ни етическото и комунистическото минало, близкото минало на Прехода, сибитията от настоящето), доколкото въпросът за архивите доведе до преосмисляне не само на опита от комунизма, но и в по-широк план на политическата история на България.
MAGNETAR-LIKE ACTIVITY FROM THE CENTRAL COMPACT OBJECT IN THE SNR RCW103
Authors: Rea N. , Borghese A. , Esposito P. , Zelati F. Coti , Bachetti M. , Israel G. L. , Luca A. De 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
The 6.67 hr periodicity and the variable X-ray flux of the central compact object (CCO) at the center of the supernova remnant RCW 103, named 1E 161348–5055, have been always difficult to interpret within the standard scenarios of an isolated neutron star (NS) or a binary system. On 2016 June 22, the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on board Swift detected a magnetar-like short X-ray burst from the direction of 1E 161348–5055, also coincident with a large long-term X-ray outburst. Here, we report on Chandra, Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, and Swift (BAT and XRT) observations of this peculiar source during its 2016 outburst peak. In particular, we study the properties of this magnetar-like burst, we discover a hard X-ray tail in the CCO spectrum during outburst, and we study its long-term outburst history (from 1999 to 2016 July). We find the emission properties of 1E 161348–5055 consistent with it being a magnetar. However, in this scenario, the 6.67 hr periodicity can only be interpreted as the rotation period of this strongly magnetized NS, which therefore represents the slowest pulsar ever detected, by orders of magnitude. We briefly discuss the viable slow-down scenarios, favoring a picture involving a period of fall-back accretion after the supernova explosion, similarly to what is invoked (although in a different regime) to explain the “anti-magnetar” scenario for other CCOs.
THE WISE DETECTION OF AN INFRARED ECHO IN TIDAL DISRUPTION EVENT ASASSN-14li
Authors: Jiang Ning , Dou Liming , Wang Tinggui , Yang Chenwei , Lyu Jianwei , Zhou Hongyan 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the detection of a significant infrared variability of the nearest tidal disruption event (TDE) ASASSN-14li using Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer and newly released Near-Earth Object WISE Reactivation data. In comparison with the quiescent state, the infrared flux is brightened by 0.12 and 0.16 mag in the W1 (3.4 μm) and W2 (4.6 μm) bands at 36 days after the optical discovery (or ∼110 days after the peak disruption date). The flux excess is still detectable ∼170 days later. Assuming that the flare-like infrared emission is from the dust around the black hole, its blackbody temperature is estimated to be ∼2.1 × 103 K, slightly higher than the dust sublimation temperature, indicating that the dust is likely located close to the dust sublimation radius. The equilibrium between the heating and radiation of the dust claims a bolometric luminosity of ∼1043–1045 erg s−1, comparable with the observed peak luminosity. This result has for the first time confirmed the detection of infrared emission from the dust echoes of TDEs.
SEPARATING NIGHTSIDE INTERPLANETARY AND IONOSPHERIC SCINTILLATION WITH LOFAR
Authors: Fallows R. A. , Bisi M. M. , Forte B. , Ulich Th. , Konovalenko A. A. , Mann G. , Vocks C. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Observation of interplanetary scintillation (IPS) beyond Earth-orbit can be challenging due to the necessity to use low radio frequencies at which scintillation due to the ionosphere could confuse the interplanetary contribution. A recent paper by Kaplan et al. presenting observations using the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) reports evidence of nightside IPS on two radio sources within their field of view. However, the low time cadence of 2 s used might be expected to average out the IPS signal, resulting in the reasonable assumption that the scintillation is more likely to be ionospheric in origin. To check this assumption, this Letter uses observations of IPS taken at a high time cadence using the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR). Averaging these to the same as the MWA observations, we demonstrate that the MWA result is consistent with IPS, although some contribution from the ionosphere cannot be ruled out. These LOFAR observations represent the first of nightside IPS using LOFAR, with solar wind speeds consistent with a slow solar wind stream in one observation and a coronal mass ejection expected to be observed in another.
First report of Cheiloneurus exitiosus (Perkins, 1906) and Helegonatopus dimorphus (Hoffer, 1954) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) from Japan, with remarks on their abundance in rice paddies
Authors: Mita Toshiharu , Handa Hironobu , Higashiura Yoshimitsu , Japoshvili George 
Published: August 2016

Encyrtid secondary parasitoids of Delphacidae have not been recorded in Japan. However, they may play an important role in the rice ecosystem because they can reduce the number of Dryinidae, the natural enemies of rice planthoppers.
We found two encyrtid species, Cheiloneurus exitiosus (Perkins, 1906) and Helegonatopus dimorphus (Hoffer, 1954), from rice paddies and the surrounding environment. Haplogonatopus oratorius (Westwood, 1833) and Anteon sp. were newly recognized as hosts of He. dimorphus. Parasitism of C. exitiosus was rare, but He. dimorphus was common in Kumamoto Prefecture. The sex ratio (male proportion) and clutch size of He. dimorphus was estimated as 0.19 and 4.95, respectively.
Prasugrel Results in Higher Decrease in High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Level in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Comparing to Clopidogrel
Authors: Hajsadeghi Shokoufeh , Chitsazan Mandana , Chitsazan Mitra , Salehi Negar , Amin Ahmad , Bidokhti Arash Amin , Babaali Nima , Bordbar Armin , Hejrati Maral , Moghadami Samar 
Published: August 2016

Objectives A growing body of clinical and laboratory evidence indicates that inflammation plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis. In the present study, we compared the effects of clopidogrel and prasugrel on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods The present randomized, double-blind clinical trial included 120 patients who underwent PCI. Eligible patients were randomly assigned 2:1 to one of the two groups: 80 patients in the first group received clopidogrel (Plavix®; loading dose and maintenance dose of 300 and 75 mg daily, respectively) and 40 patients in the second group received prasugrel (Effient®; loading dose and maintenance dose of 60 and 10 mg, respectively) for 12 weeks. The hs-CRP levels between baseline and 12th week were compared. Results Of the 120 patients, 69 patients (57.5%) were male. Pretreatment hs-CRP level was statistically comparable in clopidogrel (median, 15.10 mg/dL; interquartile range [IQR], 9.62-23.75 mg/dL) and prasugrel groups (median, 18 mg/dL; IQR, 14.25-22 mg/dL; P = 0.06). Patients taking clopidogrel showed a significant reduction in hs-CRP level compared with the baseline values ( P < 0.001). Prasugrel administration also resulted in a significant reduction in hs-CRP level ( P < 0.001). A significant 73% overall reduction in the hs-CRP level was seen with prasugrel compared with 39% overall reduction in hs-CRP level with clopidogrel ( P 0.002). Conclusion Prasugrel seems to be superior to clopidogrel in the reduction of hs-CRP in patients undergoing PCI.
Raffaella Bombi e Fabiana Fusco (a cura di)
Authors: Di Giovine Paolo 
Published: August 2016

Quando, poco prima dell’estate, mi fu rivolto l’invito a presentare un volume di saggi in onore di Vincenzo Orioles, in occasione del suo sessantesimo compleanno, non ho avuto alcuna esitazione ad accogliere la proposta, e con grande piacere, misto a una nota malinconica, di cui pure dirò. La soddisfazione è certo suggerita da motivi scientifici, perché è sempre un grande onore poter festeggiare uno studioso largamente noto nel panorama della linguistica in Italia e all’estero, distintosi per una notevole varietà di interessi, ma nasce anche da ragioni personali, in quanto condivido con l’amico Orioles un lungo sodalizio, nato nei tempi ormai lontani - più di due decenni- del concorso che ci vide accomunati in un esito felice (e in ripetute visite a Viale Trastevere, aggiungerei, per far fronte ai continui intoppi burocratici che l’iter del decreto incontrava). Il rammarico, anch’esso di natura personale, deriva dal fatto che quando si è invitati a presentare un volume miscellaneo significa che sono irrimediabilmente trascorsi gli anni della ricerca spensierata - si fa per dire, ovviamente -, e che sono arrivati tempi di più gravose responsabilità. Dato che si tratta, però, di un evento pressoché fisiologico, temo proprio che ci si debba rassegnare di buon animo.
Chemical characteristics and causes of airborne particulate pollution in warm seasons in Wuhan, central China
Authors: Lyu Xiaopu , Chen Nan , Guo Hai , Zeng Lewei , Zhang Weihao , Shen Fan , Quan Jihong , Wang Nan 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Continuous measurements of airborne particles and their chemical compositions were conducted in May, June, October, and November 2014 at an urban site in Wuhan, central China. The results indicate that particle concentrations remained at a relatively high level in Wuhan, with averages of 135.1 ± 4.4 (mean ± 95 % confidence interval) and 118.9 ± 3.7 µg m−3 for PM10 and 81.2 ± 2.6 and 85.3 ± 2.6 µg m−3 for PM2.5 in summer and autumn, respectively. Moreover, PM2.5 levels frequently exceeded the National Standard Level II (i.e., daily average of 75 µg m−3), and six PM2.5 episodes (i.e., daily PM2.5 averages above 75 µg m−3 for 3 or more consecutive days) were captured during the sampling campaign. Potassium was the most abundant element in PM2.5, with an average concentration of 2060.7 ± 82.3 ng m−3; this finding indicates intensive biomass burning in and around Wuhan during the study period, because almost no correlation was found between potassium and mineral elements (iron and calcium). The source apportionment results confirm that biomass burning was the main cause of episodes 1, 3, and 4, with contributions to PM2.5 of 46.6 % ± 3.0 %, 50.8 % ± 1.2 %, and 44.8 % ± 2.6%, respectively, whereas fugitive dust was the leading factor in episode 2. Episodes 5 and 6 resulted mainly from increases in vehicular emissions and secondary inorganic aerosols, and the mass and proportion of NO3− both peaked during episode 6. The high levels of NOx and NH3 and the low temperature during episode 6 were responsible for the increase of NO3−. Moreover, the formation of secondary organic carbon was found to be dominated by aromatics and isoprene in autumn, and the contribution of aromatics to secondary organic carbon increased during the episodes.
Relationships between tuna catch and variable frequency oceanographic
conditions
Authors: Ormaza-González Franklin Isaac , Mora-Cervetto Alejandra , Bermúdez-Martínez Raquel María 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Skipjack (Katsuwunus pelamis), yellow fin (Thunnus albacares) and albacore (Thunnus alulunga) tunas landed in the Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) countries and Ecuador were correlated to the Indexes Oceanic El Niño (ONI) and Multivariate Enso Index (MEI). The temporal series 1983–2012, and 1977–1999 (warm Pacific Decadal Oscillation, PDO), and 2000–2012 (cold PDO) were analyzed. Linear correlation showed that at least 11 % of the total landings were associated with the MEI, with a slightly negative gradient from cold to warm conditions. When non-linear regression (n  =  6), the R2 was higher up to 0.304 (MEI, r =  0.551). The correlation shows high spread from −0.5 to +0.5 for both MEI/ONI; the highest landings occurred at 0.34–0.45; both indexes suggested that at extreme values < −1.0 and > 1.1 total landings tend to decrease. Landings were associated up to 21.9 % (MEI) in 2000–2012, 1983–1999 rendered lower R2 (< 0.09); i.e., during cold PDO periods there was a higher association between landings and oceanographic conditions. For the non-linear regression (n  =  6) a R2 of 0.374 (MEI) and 0.408 (ONI) were registered, for the 2000–2012, a higher R2 was observed in 1983–1999, 0.443 and 0.711 for MEI and ONI respectively, suggesting that is better to analyze split series (1983–1999, 2000–2012) than as a whole (1983–2012), due to noise produced by the transition from hot to cold PDOs. The highest landings were in the range −0.2 to 0.5 for MEI/ONI. The linear regression of skipjack landings in Ecuador gave an R2 of 0.140 (MEI) and 0.066 (ONI) and the non-linear were 0.440 and 0.183 respectively. Total landings in the EPO associated to oceanographic events of high and low frequencies could be used somehow as predictors of the high El Niño o La Niña. There is a clear evidence that tuna fish biomass are at higher levels when the PDO is on cold phase (2000–2030) and vice versa on warm phase (1980–1999). The analysis of the skipjack catch per unit effort (CPUE) on floating aggregating devices (FADs) suggests higher CPUE on FADs (around 20 mt set−1) when oceanographic indexes ONI/MEI are below −0.5. Findings of this work suggest that fishing and management of commercial fish must be analyzed under the light of oceanographic conditions.
Dinocyst assemblage constraints on oceanographic and atmospheric processes
in the eastern equatorial Atlantic over the last 44 kyr
Authors: Hardy William , Penaud Aurélie , Marret Fabienne , Bayon Germain , Marsset Tania , Droz Laurence 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. A new 44 kyr long record of dinoflagellate (phytoplanktonic organisms) cysts (dinocysts) is presented from a marine sediment core collected on the Congolese margin with the aim of reconstructing past hydrological changes in the equatorial eastern Atlantic Ocean since Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 3. Our high-resolution dinocyst record indicates that significant temperature and moisture variations occurred across the glacial period, the last deglaciation and the Holocene. The use of specific dinocyst taxa, indicative of fluvial, upwelling and Benguela Current past environments for instance, provides insights into the main forcing mechanisms controlling palaeohydrological changes on orbital timescales. In particular, we are able, for the last 44 kyr, to correlate fluvial-sensitive taxa to monsoonal mechanisms related to precession minima–obliquity maxima combinations. While upwelling mechanisms appear as the main drivers for dinoflagellate productivity during MIS 2, dissolved nutrient-enriched Congo River inputs to the ocean also played a significant role in promoting dinoflagellate productivity between approximately 15.5 and 5 ka BP. Finally, this high-resolution dinocyst study permits us to precisely investigate the suborbital timing of the last glacial–interglacial termination, including an atypical warm and wet oceanic LGM signature, northern high-latitude abrupt climate change impacts in the equatorial eastern Atlantic, as well as a two-step decrease in moisture conditions during the Holocene at around 7–6 and 4–3.5 ka BP.
Why CO2 cools the middle atmosphere – a consolidating model perspective
Authors: Goessling Helge F. , Bathiany Sebastian 
Published: August 2016

Abstract. Complex models of the atmosphere show that increased carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, while warming the surface and troposphere, lead to lower temperatures in the stratosphere and mesosphere. This cooling, which is often referred to as “stratospheric cooling”, is evident also in observations and considered to be one of the fingerprints of anthropogenic global warming. Although the responsible mechanisms have been identified, they have mostly been discussed heuristically, incompletely, or in combination with other effects such as ozone depletion, leaving the subject prone to misconceptions. Here we use a one-dimensional window-grey radiation model of the atmosphere to illustrate the physical essence of the mechanisms by which CO2 cools the stratosphere and mesosphere: (i) the blocking effect, associated with a cooling due to the fact that CO2 absorbs radiation at wavelengths where the atmosphere is already relatively opaque, and (ii) the indirect solar effect, associated with a cooling in places where an additional (solar) heating term is present (which on Earth is particularly the case in the upper parts of the ozone layer). By contrast, in the grey model without solar heating within the atmosphere, the cooling aloft is only a transient blocking phenomenon that is completely compensated as the surface attains its warmer equilibrium. Moreover, we quantify the relative contribution of these effects by simulating the response to an abrupt increase in CO2 (and chlorofluorocarbon) concentrations with an atmospheric general circulation model. We find that the two permanent effects contribute roughly equally to the CO2-induced cooling, with the indirect solar effect dominating around the stratopause and the blocking effect dominating otherwise.