bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linking functional connectivity and dynamic properties of resting-state networks
Authors: Lee Won Hee , Frangou Sophia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSpontaneous brain activity is organized into resting-state networks (RSNs) involved in internally-guided, higher-order mental functions (default mode, central executive and salience networks) and externally-driven, specialized sensory and motor processing (auditory, visual and sensorimotor networks). RSNs are characterized by their functional connectivity in terms of within-network cohesion and between-network integration, and by their dynamic properties in terms of synchrony and metastability. We examined the relationship between functional connectivity and dynamic network features using fMRI data and an anatomically constrained Kuramoto model. Extrapolating from simulated data, synchrony and metastability across the RSNs emerged at coupling strengths of 5 ≤ k ≤ 12. In the empirical RSNs, higher metastability and synchrony were respectively associated with greater cohesion and lower integration. Consistent with their dual role in supporting both sustained and diverse mental operations, higher-order RSNs had lower metastability and synchrony. Sensory and motor RSNs showed greater cohesion and metastability, likely to respectively reflect their functional specialization and their greater capacity for altering network states in response to multiple and diverse external demands. Our findings suggest that functional and dynamic RSN properties are closely linked and expand our understanding of the neural architectures that support optimal brain function.
A robust cell culture system supporting the complete life cycle of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Michailidis Eleftherios , Pabon Jonathan , Xiang Kuanhui , Park Paul , Ramanan Vyas , Hoffmann Hans-Heinrich , Schneider William M. , Bhatia Sangeeta N. , de Jong Ype P. , Shlomai Amir , Rice Charles M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe discovery of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) as the hepatitis B virus (HBV) receptor enabled researchers to create hepatoma cell lines susceptible to HBV infection. Infection in current systems, however, is inefficient and virus fails to spread. Infection efficiency is enhanced by treating cells with polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) during infection. However, this alone does not promote virus spread. Here we show that maintaining PEG in culture medium increases the rate of infection by at least one order of magnitude, and, most importantly, promotes virus spread. To demonstrate the utility of this system, we show that two interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), ISG20 and tetherin, restrict HBV spread in NTCP-expressing hepatoma cells. Thus, this protocol can be easily applied to existing cell culture systems to study the complete HBV life cycle, including virus spread.
Investigating disordered many-body system with entanglement in momentum space
Authors: Ye Bing-Tian , Han Zhao-Yu , Mu Liang-Zhu , Fan Heng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe study the entanglement in momentum space of the ground state of a disordered one-dimensional fermion lattice model with attractive interaction. We observe two components in the entanglement spectrum, one of which is related to paired-fermion entanglement and contributes to the long-range correlation in position space. The vanishing point of it indicates the localization phenomenon in the ground state of this model. Additionally, by method of entanglement spectrum, we provide a new evidence to show the transition of two phases induced by interaction, and find that this phase transition is not influenced by the disorder. Our result show key characteristics in entanglement for different phases in the system, and provide a novel perspective to understand localization phenomena.
Seasonal Expression of Oxytocin and Oxytocin Receptor in the Scented Gland of Male Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
Authors: Zhang Fengwei , Liu Qian , Wang Ziyi , Xie Wenqian , Sheng Xia , Zhang Haolin , Yuan Zhengrong , Han Yingying , Weng Qiang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOxytocin (OT) can modulate multiple physiological functions via binding to the widely distributed oxytocin receptor (OTR). In this study, we investigated the seasonal expressions of OT, OTR and extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK1/2) signaling pathway components in the scented gland of muskrat during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Histologically, glandular cells, interstitial cells and excretory tubules were identified in the breeding season scented glands, whereas epithelial cells were sparse in the non-breeding season. Immunohistochemical results showed that OTR was present in epithelial cells and interstitial cells while OT, pERK1/2, ERK1/2 and c-fos were expressed in epithelial cells and glandular cells. The protein and mRNA expressions of OTR, OT and c-fos were significantly higher in the scented gland in the breeding season than in the non-breeding season. Importantly, the levels of OT in scented glands and serum were measured by hormone assays, and their concentrations were both significantly higher in the breeding season than in the non-breeding season. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis showed that the predicted targets of the differentially expressed microRNAs might include the genes encoding OTR, ERK1/2 and c-fos. These findings suggested that OT may regulate the function of muskrat scented glands by the locally expressed receptors.
On the fragmentation of filaments in a molecular cloud simulation
Authors: Chira R.-A. , Kainulainen J. , Ibáñez-Mejía J. C. , Henning Th. , Mac Low M.-M. 
Published: November 2017

Context. The fragmentation of filaments in molecular clouds has attracted a lot of attention recently as there seems to be a close relation between the evolution of filaments and star formation. The study of the fragmentation process has been motivated by simple analytical models. However, only a few comprehensive studies have analysed the evolution of filaments using numerical simulations where the filaments form self-consistently as part of large-scale molecular cloud evolution.
Aim. We address the early evolution of parsec-scale filaments that form within individual clouds. In particular, we focus on three questions: How do the line masses of filaments evolve? How and when do the filaments fragment? How does the fragmentation relate to the line masses of the filaments?
Methods. We examine three simulated molecular clouds formed in kiloparsec-scale numerical simulations performed with the FLASH adaptive mesh refinement magnetohydrodynamic code. The simulations model a self-gravitating, magnetised, stratified, supernova-driven interstellar medium, including photoelectric heating and radiative cooling. We follow the evolution of the clouds for 6 Myr from the time self-gravity starts to act. We identify filaments using the DisPerSe algorithm, and compare the results to other filament-finding algorithms. We determine the properties of the identified filaments and compare them with the predictions of analytic filament stability models.
Results. The average line masses of the identified filaments, as well as the fraction of mass in filamentary structures, increases fairly continuously after the onset of self-gravity. The filaments show fragmentation starting relatively early: the first fragments appear when the line masses lie well below the critical line mass of Ostriker’s isolated hydrostatic equilibrium solution (~16 M⊙ pc−1), commonly used as a fragmentation criterion. The average line masses of filaments identified in three-dimensional volume density cubes increases far more quickly than those identified in two-dimensional column density maps.
Conclusions. Our results suggest that hydrostatic or dynamic compression from the surrounding cloud has a significant impact on the early dynamical evolution of filaments. A simple model of an isolated, isothermal cylinder may not provide a good approach for fragmentation analysis. Caution must be exercised in interpreting distributions of properties of filaments identified in column density maps, especially in the case of low-mass filaments. Comparing or combining results from studies that use different filament finding techniques is strongly discouraged.
Near-infrared spectroscopic observations of massive young stellar object candidates in the central molecular zone
Authors: Nandakumar G. , Schultheis M. , Feldmeier-Krause A. , Schödel R. , Neumayer N. , Matteucci F. , Ryde N. , Rojas-Arriagada A. , Tej A. 
Published: November 2017

Context. The central molecular zone (CMZ) is a ~200 pc region around the Galactic centre. The study of star formation in the central part of the Milky Way is of great interest as it provides a template for the closest galactic nuclei.
Aims. We present a spectroscopic follow-up of photometrically selected young stellar object (YSO) candidates in the CMZ of the Galactic centre. Our goal is to quantify the contamination of this YSO sample by reddened giant stars with circumstellar envelopes and to determine the star formation rate (SFR) in the CMZ.
Methods. We obtained KMOS low-resolution near-infrared spectra (R ~ 4000) between 2.0 and 2.5 μm of sources, many of which have been previously identified by mid-infrared photometric criteria as massive YSOs in the Galactic centre. Our final sample consists of 91 stars with good signal-to-noise ratio. We separated YSOs from cool late-type stars based on spectral features of CO and Brγ at 2.3 μm and 2.16 μm, respectively. We made use of spectral energy distribution (SED) model fits to the observed photometric data points from 1.25 to 24 μm to estimate approximate masses for the YSOs.
Results. Using the spectroscopically identified YSOs in our sample, we confirm that existing colour–colour diagrams and colour-magnitude diagrams are unable to efficiently separate YSOs and cool late-type stars. In addition, we define a new colour–colour criterion that separates YSOs from cool late-type stars in the H−KS vs. H −[8.0] diagram. We use this new criterion to identify YSO candidates in the |l| < 1.̊5, |b| < 0.̊5, region and use model SED fits to estimate their approximate masses. By assuming an appropriate initial mass function (IMF) and extrapolating the stellar IMF down to lower masses, we determine a SFR of ~0.046 ± 0.026 M⊙ yr-1 assuming an average age of 0.75 ± 0.25 Myr for the YSOs. This value is lower than estimates found using the YSO counting method in the literature.
Conclusions. Our SFR estimate in the CMZ agrees with the previous estimates from various methods and reaffirms that star formation in the CMZ is proceeding at a lower rate than predicted by various star forming models.
Latest Generation of Balloon-Expandable Valve, the Edwards Sapien 3 Valve: Less Paravalvular Regurgitation but Higher Transvalvular Pressure Gradients
Authors: Eghbalzadeh Kaveh , Kuhn Elmar W. , Sabashnikov Anton , Weber Carolyn , Rahmanian Parwis Baradaran , Siedek Florian , Mauri Victor , Rudolph Tanja , Baldus Stephan , Madershahian Navid , Wahlers Thorsten C. 
Published: November 2017

Background The latest generation of balloon-expandable valve, the Edwards Sapien 3 valve (S3V), was designed to reduce paravalvular regurgitation (PVR). We retrospectively compared S3V with Edwards Sapien XT valve (SXTV) with regard to postprocedural transvalvular pressure gradients (PGs).
Methods Analysis of 152 patients receiving SXTV and 125 patients receiving S3V between February 2009 and April 2015 was performed. Transvalvular PGs and the incidence and extent of aortic regurgitation (AR) were compared postprocedurally by echocardiography for each valve size.
Results Postprocedurally, mean PGs for the 23 mm valves were 10.9 ± 5.3 versus 13.9 ± 5.1 (p = 0.017), whereas maximum PGs were 19.9 ± 8.3 versus 26.1 ± 10.4 mm Hg (p = 0.005) in SXTV and S3V patients, respectively. For the 26 mm valves, gradients were also significantly higher in S3V patients (mean PG: 11.6 ± 4.9 vs. 9.2 ± 4.2 [p = 0.004]; maximum PG: 23.0 ± 10.1 vs. 17.2 ± 7.4 mm Hg [p < 0.001]). Analysis revealed no significant differences in postprocedural transvalvular PGs for 29 mm valves (mean PG of 9.3 ± 3.9 and 11.2 ± 4.3 mm Hg [p = ns] and maximum PG of 17.5 ± 7.2 vs. 20.9 ± 6.8 mm Hg [p = ns]) between SXTV and S3V groups, respectively. With respect to PVR, the incidence of AR was significantly lower in S3V group (p = 0.001).
Conclusion S3V shows lower incidence of PVR; however, it is associated with significantly higher postprocedural transvalvular PGs for 23 and 26 mm valve sizes. These data might contribute to the scientific discussion, especially with respect to prosthesis selection in individual patients with small annular dimension.
Diagnostik der Fettleber
Authors: Kukuk Guido , Sprinkart Alois , Träber Frank 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDie verschiedenen Ausprägungen der Fettleber gehören in den Industrienationen zu den häufigsten Ursachen für chronische Lebererkrankungen. Da eine Leberverfettung prinzipiell reversibel ist, kann eine frühe Diagnose die Voraussetzung dafür schaffen, dass therapeutische Maßnahmen rechtzeitig eingeleitet werden. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die wesentlichen diagnostischen Methoden und die jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteile der einzelnen Verfahren.
Neue Kommunikationsformen
Authors: Ziese Thomas , Moebus Susanne 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungGute Kommunikation ist ein essentielles Merkmal von Public Health. Die bisherigen Kommunikationswege von Sender zu Empfänger werden in allen Lebensbereichen zunehmend durch neue Kommunikationsformen wie Social Media ergänzt oder sogar ersetzt. Public Health muss diese Veränderungen auf-nehmen, um seine Anliegen und Ergebnisse unterschiedlichen Nutzergruppen zugänglich zu machen. 1. Viele Gruppen der Bevölkerung (z. B. Migranten, sozial benachteiligte) werden in der Kommunikation schwer erreicht. Unterschiedliche Adressaten brauchen unterschiedliche Kommunikationsformen, dazu zählen auch soziale Medien. Entsprechende Zugangswege müssen identifiziert und für die Kommunikation genutzt werden. 2. Es müssen Strategien entwickelt werden, wie Public-Health-Informationen in sozialen Medien effektiv kommuniziert werden können. Sie müssen fachlich fundiert, verlässlich und qualitätsgesichert sein, die regelmäßige Aktualisierung gesichert werden. 3. Partizipation und Dialog sind wichtige Elemente einer effektiven Public-Health-Kommunikation.
Public-Health-Forschung in Deutschland: Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Kurth Tobias 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDurch seine vielfältigen, multi- und interdisziplinären Ansätze bietet die Public-Health-Forschung ein hervorragendes Gerüst, um sich federführend in viele Facetten der Bevölkerungsgesundheit einzubringen. Vor allem die methodische Expertise und Praxisorientierung sollten in Zukunft verstärkt genutzt werden, um den Bogen moderner Konzepte der Translation nicht nur bis zum Krankenbett, sondern bis zur Bevölkerungsebene zu spannen. Neue Methoden der Datenerfassung und die Entwicklung von Konzepten zu präziseren Interventionen erfordern innovative Ansätze, die gerade auch durch die methodische Expertise der Public-Health-Forschung geliefert werden können. Durch den Einsatz des methodischen Innovationspotenzials der Public-Health-Forschung wird es gelingen die Bevölkerungsgesundheit unter Inklusion aller Bevölkerungsgruppen langfristig und nachhaltig positiv zu beeinflussen.
The rise of the quasi-public space and its consequences for cities and culture
Authors: Pratt Andy 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article argues that whilst appearing new, quasi-public spaces have emerged from a process of investment restructuring over the last 50 years. The profound change that is set in motion is a loss of control of public space and its cultural uses in cities. The tensions set up in this transformation are illustrated by the cultural fortunes of the largest such space in London, Granary Square; and, that of the City of London that has little, if any, public space.
Semi-supervised network inference using simulated gene expression dynamics
Authors: Nguyen Phan , Braun Rosemary 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Inferring the structure of gene regulatory networks from high-throughput datasets remains an important and unsolved problem. Current methods are hampered by problems such as noise, low sample size, and incomplete characterizations of regulatory dynamics, leading to networks with missing and anomalous links. Integration of prior network information (e.g. from pathway databases) has the potential to improve reconstructions.

Results
We developed a semi-supervised network reconstruction algorithm that enables the synthesis of information from partially known networks with time course gene expression data. We adapted partial least square-variable importance in projection (VIP) for time course data and used reference networks to simulate expression data from which null distributions of VIP scores are generated and used to estimate edge probabilities for input expression data. By using simulated dynamics to generate reference distributions, this approach incorporates previously known regulatory relationships and links the network to the dynamics to form a semi-supervised approach that discovers novel and anomalous connections. We applied this approach to data from a sleep deprivation study with KEGG pathways treated as prior networks, as well as to synthetic data from several DREAM challenges, and find that it is able to recover many of the true edges and identify errors in these networks, suggesting its ability to derive posterior networks that accurately reflect gene expression dynamics.

Availability and implementation
R code is available at https://github.com/pn51/postPLSR.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A review of Danish integrated multi-energy system flexibility options for high wind power penetration
Authors: Wang Jiawei , Zong Yi , You Shi , Træholt Chresten 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The current status of wind power and the energy infrastructure in Denmark is reviewed in this paper. The reasons for why Denmark is a world leader in wind power are outlined. The Danish government is aiming to achieve 100% renewable energy generation by 2050. A major challenge is balancing load and generation. In addition, the current and future solutions of enhancing wind power penetration through optimal use of cross-energy sector flexibility, so-called indirect electric energy storage options, are investigated. A conclusion is drawn with a summary of experiences and lessons learned in Denmark related to wind power development.
On the impossibility of central bank independence: four decades of time- (and intellectual) inconsistency
Authors: Hartwell Christopher A 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The intellectual justification for modern central banking, time-inconsistency, celebrated its fortieth anniversary in 2017 alongside the Cambridge Journal of Economics. However, the key progeny of the time-inconsistency literature, central bank independence, has fundamental flaws that have been thus far neglected in mainstream research. In the first instance, the argument for independence relies on a utilitarian rather than institutional analysis, one that neglects the genesis of central banks and their relation to other institutions within a country. Second, central bank independence neglects the complex interdependencies of the global monetary and financial system. Applying an institutional lens to the concept of central bank independence, I conclude that ‘independence’ fails under the reality of globalization as much as it does in a domestic context. With central banks reliant on all manner of political institutions, they are never really independent operationally or in terms of policy.
SILVERRUSH. III. Deep optical and near-infrared spectroscopy for Lyα and UV-nebular lines of bright Lyα emitters at z = 6–7
Authors: Shibuya Takatoshi , Ouchi Masami , Harikane Yuichi , Rauch Michael , Ono Yoshiaki , Mukae Shiro , Higuchi Ryo , Kojima Takashi , Yuma Suraphong , Lee Chien-Hsiu , Furusawa Hisanori , Konno Akira , Martin Crystal L , Shimasaku Kazuhiro , Taniguchi Yoshiaki , Kobayashi Masakazu A R , Kajisawa Masaru , Nagao Tohru , Goto Tomotsugu , Kashikawa Nobunari , Komiyama Yutaka , Kusakabe Haruka , Momose Rieko , Nakajima Kimihiko , Tanaka Masayuki , Wang Shiang-Yu 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We present Lyα and UV-nebular emission line properties of bright Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z = 6–7 with a luminosity of log LLyα/[erg s−1] = 43–44 identified in the 21 deg2 area of the SILVERRUSH early sample developed with the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam survey data. Our optical spectroscopy newly confirms 21 bright LAEs with clear Lyα emission, and contributes to making a spectroscopic sample of 96 LAEs at z = 6–7 in SILVERRUSH. From the spectroscopic sample, we select seven remarkable LAEs as bright as Himiko and CR7 objects, and perform deep Keck/MOSFIRE and Subaru/nuMOIRCS near-infrared spectroscopy reaching the 3 σ flux limit of ∼2 × 10−18 erg s−1 for the UV-nebular emission lines of He ii λ1640, C iv λλ1548,1550, and O iii]λλ1661,1666. Except for one tentative detection of C iv, we find no strong UV-nebular lines down to the flux limit, placing the upper limits of the rest-frame equivalent widths (EW0) of ∼2–4 Å for C iv, He ii, and O iii] lines. We also investigate the VLT/X-SHOOTER spectrum of CR7 whose 6 σ detection of He ii is claimed by Sobral et al. Although two individuals and the ESO archive service carefully reanalyzed the X-SHOOTER data that are used in the study of Sobral et al., no He ii signal of CR7 is detected, supportive of weak UV-nebular lines of the bright LAEs even for CR7. The spectral properties of these bright LAEs are thus clearly different from those of faint dropouts at z ∼ 7 that have strong UV-nebular lines shown in the various studies. Comparing these bright LAEs and the faint dropouts, we find anti-correlations between the UV-nebular line EW0 and the UV-continuum luminosity, which are similar to those found at z ∼ 2–3.
Sensitivity to Pain Expectations: A Bayesian Model of Individual Differences
Authors: Hoskin R. , Berzuini C. , Acosta-Kane D. , El-Deredy W. , Guo H. , Talmi D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe thoughts and feelings people have about pain (referred to as ‘pain expectations’) are known to alter the perception of pain. However little is known about the cognitive processes that underpin pain expectations, or what drives the differing effect that pain expectations have between individuals. This paper details the testing of a model of pain perception which formalises the response to pain in terms of a Bayesian prior-to-posterior updating process. Using data acquired from a short and deception-free predictive cue task, it was found that this Bayesian model predicted ratings of pain better than other, simpler models. At the group level, the results confirmed two core predictions of predictive coding; that expectation alters perception and that increased uncertainty in the expectation reduces its impact on perception. The addition to the model of parameters relating to trait differences in pain expectation, improved its fit, suggesting that such traits play a significant role in perception beyond those expectations triggered by the pain cue. When model parameters were allowed to vary by participant, the model’s fit improved further. This final model produced a characterisation of each individual’s sensitivity to pain expectations. This model is relevant for the understanding of the cognitive basis of pain expectations and could potentially act as a useful tool for guiding patient stratification and clinical experimentation.