bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
History and current status of polymyxin B‐immobilized fiber column for treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock
Authors: Shimizu Tomoharu , Miyake Toru , Tani Masaji 
Published: July 2017

AbstractToraymyxin® (Toray Medical Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) has been developed as a direct hemoperfusion column that contains polymyxin B‐immobilized fiber to bind endotoxins in patients’ blood. Toraymyxin was approved by the Japanese National Health Insurance system for the treatment of endotoxemia and septic shock in 1994. Since then, PMX (defined as direct hemoperfusion with Toraymyxin) has been safely used in more than 100 000 cases in emergency and intensive care units in Japan. Toraymyxin is currently available for use in clinical settings in 12 countries outside of Japan. We reviewed and analyzed the development, clinical use, and efficacy of Toraymyxin, and assessed the current status of Toraymyxin use for the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. Our review shows that PMX appeared to be effective in improving hemodynamics and respiratory function in septic shock requiring emergency abdominal surgery. Recent large‐scale ranomized controlled trialscould not demonstrate whether prognosis is improved by PMX. However, the latest meta‐analysis revealed that PMX significantly decreased mortality in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Combination of PMX with continuous hemodiafiltration and longer duration of PMX might be an effective strategy to improve survival in such patients.
Electronic Transport Properties of 1D‐Defects in Graphene and Other 2D‐Systems
Authors: Willke P. , Schneider M. A. , Wenderoth M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe continuous progress in device miniaturization demands a thorough understanding of the electron transport processes involved. The influence of defects ‐ discontinuities in the perfect and translational invariant crystal lattice ‐ plays a crucial role here. For graphene in particular, they limit the carrier mobility often demanded for applications by contributing additional sources of scattering to the sample. Due to its two‐dimensional nature graphene serves as an ideal system to study electron transport in the presence of defects, because one‐dimensional defects like steps, grain boundaries and interfaces are easy to characterize and have profound effects on the transport properties. While their contribution to the resistance of a sample can be extracted by carefully conducted transport experiments, scanning probe methods are excellent tools to study the influence of defects locally. In this letter, the authors review the results of scattering at local defects in graphene and other 2D systems by scanning tunneling potentiometry, 4‐point‐probe microscopy, Kelvin probe force microscopy and conventional transport measurements. Besides the comparison of the different defect resistances important for device fabrication, the underlying scattering mechanisms are discussed giving insight into the general physics of electron scattering at defects.
Flash‐Vakuumpyrolyse – Techniken und Reaktionen
Authors: Wentrup Curt 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDie Anfänge der Flash‐Vakuumpyrolyse (FVP) ergaben sich in den 1940er und 1950er Jahren hauptsächlich aus dem massenspektrometrischen Nachweis pyrolytisch entstandener freier Radikale. In den 1960er Jahren begannen Organiker mit der Durchführung von FVP‐Experimenten zum Zweck der Isolierung neuer und interessanter Verbindungen und zum Verständnis pyrolytischer Prozesse. Seitdem wurden viele unterschiedliche Typen von Apparaten und Techniken entwickelt. Zielsetzung dieses Aufsatzes ist es, die wichtigsten Methoden vorzustellen wie auch eine Übersicht über typische Reaktionen und Beobachtungen zu geben, die mit den verschiedenen Techniken erreicht werden können. Dies umfasst unter anderem präparative FVP, chemische Abfangreaktionen, Matrixisolierung sowie Tieftemperatur‐Spektroskopie reaktiver Intermediate und instabiler Moleküle. Darüber hinaus ist die Kombination von FVP mit Matrixisolierung und Photochemie ein wirkungsvolles Instrument für Untersuchungen von Reaktionsmechanismen.
Kovalent gebundene, ineinander verkettete Cyclohexa‐m‐phenylene und ihre Selbstorganisation: Auf dem Weg zu supramolekularen 3D‐Kohlenstoffnanostrukturen
Authors: Dumslaff Bastian , Reuss Anna N. , Wagner Manfred , Feng Xinliang , Narita Akimitsu , Fytas George , Müllen Klaus 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDurch den Versuch, so viele Phenylen‐Einheiten wie möglich auf kleinstem Raum zu gruppieren, betreten wir die dreidimensionale Welt der benzolbasierten Moleküle. In dieser Arbeit ermöglichen wir dies durch das einzigartige, schaufelradförmige Polyphenylen 10, welches aus zwei kovalent gebundenen, ineinander verketteten Cyclohexa‐m‐phenylenen besteht. Es wurde ein Vorläufermolekül konzipiert, welches frei rotierende m‐Chlorphenylen‐Einheiten trägt, die gleichermaßen eine ausreichende Löslichkeit und die benötigte räumliche Nähe für die finalen Ringschlüsse zu Struktur 10 ermöglichen. Die Selbstorganisation der löslichen Derivate zu supramolekularen Kohlenstoffnanostrukturen wird nacheinander mittels dynamischer Lichtstreuung (DLS) und Brillouin‐Lichtstreuung (BLS) untersucht, um die Dimensionen der im Anfangsstadium gebildeten Aggregate in Lösung, sowie den amorphen Charakter im Festkörper zu bestimmen.
Iron‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Aminations of C(sp3)−H Bonds in Alkylaryl Azides
Authors: Alt Isabel T. , Guttroff Claudia , Plietker Bernd 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe nucleophilic iron complex Bu4N[Fe(CO)3(NO)] (TBA[Fe]) catalyzes the direct intramolecular amination of unactivated C(sp3)−H bonds in alkylaryl azides, which results in the formation of substituted indoline and tetrahydroquinoline derivatives.
Silanization of ZnO nanofibers by tetraethoxysilane
Authors: Khan Shakeel , Rasheed Muhammad Asim , Rafiq Muhammad Aftab , Shah Gul Bali , Rehman Wajid , Jamil Arifa , Khan Yaqoob 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTZinc oxide (ZnO) nanofibers are synthesized by electrospinning technique and then silanized to tailor its structural, optical, and electrical properties. The modification of ZnO nanofibers by chemical treatment of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) is clearly evident from the appearance of relevant Fourier transform infrared peak at about 1000 cm−1 corresponding to ZnOSi bond. The height of this peak increases linearly with increase in concentration of silane up to 400 μL, and afterward become plateau up to 500 μL. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy measurement shows that band gap decreases from 3.35 eV for pure zinc oxide nanofibers to 3.11 eV with successive increase in concentration of TEOS from 100 to 500 μL. The electrical characteristics of modified ZnO nanofibers are analyzed by impedance spectroscopy. It is observed that impedance of ZnO nanofibers increases (resistance from 1.69 × 108 to 2.618 × 109 ohm and capacitance from 2.043 × 10−12 to 7.618 × 10−13 F) with increase of TEOS concentration. This study provides guidelines for tailoring the electrical properties of ZnO nanofibers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45378.
How Does Open Innovation Modify the Relationship between Environmental Regulations and Productivity?
Authors: Hu Die , Wang Yuandi , Li Yu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWith increasingly severe environmental regulations, a pressing issue has been the need for firms to develop efficient strategies to achieve environmental protection and high productivity. Several environmental experts argue that firms can respond to environmental regulations through innovation; however, the question of how to innovate is unanswered in the environmental literature. Therefore, this study focuses on the open innovation strategy approach to respond to environmental regulations and maintain high productivity by incorporating the idea of innovation management. We first divide open innovation strategy into two modes of external technology acquisition: foreign and domestic. Next, we examine these modes' mediation effects on environmental regulations and productivity. In addition, we test the moderating effect of internal R&D on the relationship between external technology acquisition and productivity. Using data on 35 Chinese industrial sectors from 2001 to 2010, the empirical findings show that foreign technology significantly and positively mediates the link between environmental regulations and productivity, while domestic technology does not. Internal R&D investment, as an absorptive capacity, positively moderates the effect of foreign technology; however, it negatively moderates the effect of domestic technology on productivity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
The mTOR inhibition in concurrence with ERK1/2 activation is involved in excessive autophagy induced by glycyrrhizin in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Yang Hua , Yue Shuqiang , He Guangbin , Qu Shibin , Zhang Zhuochao , Ma Ben , Ding Rui , Peng Wei , Zhang Hongtao , Yang Zhaoxu , Dou Kefeng , Tao Kaishan , Li Xiao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAutophagy is a life phenomenon in which autophagosomes remove damaged or aging organelles and long‐lived circulating proteins to maintain the cell's stability. However, disorders of excessive autophagy are a response of cancer cells to a variety of anticancer treatments which lead to cancer cell death. The Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) pathways are both involved in nutrient‐induced autophagic phenomenon and exhibit vital relevance to oncogenesis in various cancer cell types, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the influence of autophagy for cancer cell death remains controversial and few scientists have investigated the variation of these two signaling pathways in cancer cell autophagic phenomenon induced by anticancer treatment simultaneously. Here, we explored the anticancer efficacy and mechanisms of glycyrrhizin (GL), a bioactive compound of licorice with little toxicity in normal cells. It is interesting that inhibition of Akt/mTOR signaling in concurrence with enhanced ERK1/2 activity exists in GL‐induced autophagy and cytotoxicity in HepG2 and MHCC97‐H hepatocellular carcinoma cells. These results imply that the GL‐related anticancer ability might correlate with the induction of autophagy. The influence of induced autophagic phenomenon on cell viability might depend on the severity of autophagy and be pathway specific. In the subsequent subcutaneous xenograft experiment in vivo with MHCC97‐H cells, GL obviously exhibited its inhibitory efficacy in tumor growth via inducing excess autophagy in MHCC97‐H cells (P < 0.05). Our data prompt that GL possesses a property of excess autophagic phenomenon induction in HCC and exerts high anticancer efficacy in vitro and in vivo. This warrants further investigation toward possible clinical applications in patients with HCC.
Toward the Quantitative Evaluation of an Activated Carbon Particle Electrode Performance in a Packed‐Bed System
Authors: Wang Lizhang , Kong Yan , Wei Dongyang , Yang Shengxiang , Chen Qing , Kong Ying , Li Peng , Ting Yen‐Peng , Ong Choon Nam 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDetermination of electrode area and effective current is an important, also an outstanding issue, for reaction progression kinetics analysis of an electrochemical system, especially for a packed‐bed electrode usually used in fuel cell processes, the oxygen reduction reaction, hydrogen electro‐generation, and the oxidation of organics. Herein, we report a novel strategy for the quantitative evaluation of oxidative performance towards a three‐dimensional framework, using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analyses to obtain the electrode area expansion factor (λ) and fractional current applied on an activated carbon particle electrode (β). The two variables acquired through electrochemical tests were extremely approximate to those from simulating experimental data in phenol, helianthin B, and oxalic acid oxidation. These results not only provide an assessment tool for particle electrode performances, but also lead to efficient design, control, and operation of a reaction, thus having implications in improving kinetics within the electrochemistry field.
Cu‐catalyzed Cascade Cyclization of Isothiocyanates, Alkynes, and Diaryliodonium Salts: Access to Diversely Functionalized Quinolines
Authors: Khan Salman , Volla Chandra M. R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHerein, we report a copper‐catalyzed novel, highly efficient, and modular cascade annulation reaction for the synthesis of quinoline derivatives starting from easily available alkynes, isothiocyanates, and diaryliodonium salts. The reaction displayed excellent regioselectivities, when unsymmetrical alkynes were employed as partners, giving access to diversely functionalized quinolines in good to excellent yields for a wide range of functional groups.
Mild Cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed Allylative C−F/C−H Functionalizations at Room Temperature
Authors: Zell Daniel , Müller Valentin , Dhawa Uttam , Bursch Markus , Presa Rubén Rubio , Grimme Stefan , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSustainable, cobalt‐catalyst enabled, synthetically significant C−F/C−H functionalizations were achieved with an ample substrate scope at an ambient temperature of 25 °C, thereby delivering perfluoroallylated heteroarenes. Detailed experimental and computational mechanistic studies on the C−F/C−H functionalizations provided strong support for a facile C−F cleavage.
Dinaphthotetrathiafulvalene Bisimides: A New Member of the Family of π‐Extended TTF Stable p‐Type Semiconductors
Authors: Yamashita Masataka , Kawano Koki , Matsumoto Akinobu , Aratani Naoki , Hayashi Hironobu , Suzuki Mitsuharu , Zhang Lei , Briseno Alejandro L. , Yamada Hiroko 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAir‐stable organic semiconductors based on tetrathiafuluvalene (TTF) were developed by synthesising a series of dinaphthotetrathiafulvalene bisimides (DNTTF‐Im) using electron‐donating TTF, π‐extended naphthalene, and electron‐withdrawing imide. Electron‐spin‐resonance spectroscopy and X‐ray single‐crystal structure analysis of aryl‐substituted DNTTF‐Im radical cations confirmed that localisation of the spin resides on the electron‐donating TTF moiety. The organic field‐effect transistor properties derived from the use of highly crystalline n‐butyl (C4) and n‐hexyl(C6)‐substituted DNTTF‐Im were assessed. The hole carrier mobility of C6‐DNTTF‐Im was improved from 3.7×10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 to 0.30 cm2 V−1 s−1 in ambient conditions. This is attributed to the raise of the substrate temperature from 25 °C to 200 °C during sublimation. The XRD and microscopy analysis suggested that increasing the substrate temperature accelerates the end‐on packing resulting in larger grains suitable for hole charge transport parallel to the substrate.
The significance of negative correlations in brain connectivity
Authors: Zhan Liang , Jenkins Lisanne M. , Wolfson Ouri E. , GadElkarim Johnson Jonaris , Nocito Kevin , Thompson Paul M. , Ajilore Olusola A. , Chung Moo K. , Leow Alex D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the modularity of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)–derived brain networks or “connectomes” can inform the study of brain function organization. However, fMRI connectomes additionally involve negative edges, which may not be optimally accounted for by existing approaches to modularity that variably threshold, binarize, or arbitrarily weight these connections. Consequently, many existing Q maximization‐based modularity algorithms yield variable modular structures. Here, we present an alternative complementary approach that exploits how frequent the blood–oxygen–level–dependent (BOLD) signal correlation between two nodes is negative. We validated this novel probability‐based modularity approach on two independent publicly‐available resting‐state connectome data sets (the Human Connectome Project [HCP] and the 1,000 functional connectomes) and demonstrated that negative correlations alone are sufficient in understanding resting‐state modularity. In fact, this approach (a) permits a dual formulation, leading to equivalent solutions regardless of whether one considers positive or negative edges; (b) is theoretically linked to the Ising model defined on the connectome, thus yielding modularity result that maximizes data likelihood. Additionally, we were able to detect novel and consistent sex differences in modularity in both data sets. As data sets like HCP become widely available for analysis by the neuroscience community at large, alternative and perhaps more advantageous computational tools to understand the neurobiological information of negative edges in fMRI connectomes are increasingly important.
Localization of orofacial representation in the corona radiata, internal capsule and cerebral peduncle inMacaca mulatta
Authors: Morecraft R. J. , Binneboese A. , Stilwell‐Morecraft K. S. , Ge J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSubcortical white matter injury is often accompanied by orofacial motor dysfunction, but little is known about the structural substrates accounting for these common neurological deficits. We studied the trajectory of the corticobulbar projection from the orofacial region of the primary (M1), ventrolateral (LPMCv), supplementary (M2), rostral cingulate (M3) and caudal cingulate (M4) motor regions through the corona radiata (CR), internal capsule (IC) and crus cerebri of the cerebral peduncle (ccCP). In the CR each pathway was segregated. Medial motor area fibers (M2/M3/M4) arched over the caudate and lateral motor area fibers (M1/LPMCv) curved over the putamen. At superior IC levels, the pathways were widespread, involving the anterior limb, genu and posterior limb with the M3 projection located anteriorly, followed posteriorly by projections from M2, LPMCv, M4 and M1, respectively. Inferiorly, all pathways maintained this orientation but shifted posteriorly, with adjacent fiber bundles overlapping minimally. In the ccCP, M3 fibers were located medially and M1 fibers centromedially, with M2, LPMCv, and M4 pathways overlapping in between. Finally, at inferior ccCP levels, all pathways overlapped. Following CR and superior IC lesions, the dispersed pathway distribution may correlate with acute orofacial dysfunction with spared pathways contributing to orofacial motor recovery. In contrast, the gradually commixed nature of pathway representation inferiorly may enhance fiber vulnerability and correlate with severe, prolonged deficits following lower subcortical and midbrain injury. Additionally, in humans these findings may assist in interpreting orofacial movements evoked during deep brain stimulation, and neuroimaging tractography efforts to localize descending orofacial motor pathways.
Parvalbumin‐expressing ependymal cells in rostral lateral ventricle wall adhesions contribute to aging‐related ventricle stenosis in mice
Authors: Filice Federica , Celio Marco R. , Babalian Alexandre , Blum Walter , Szabolcsi Viktoria 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAging‐associated ependymal‐cell pathologies can manifest as ventricular gliosis, ventricle enlargement, or ventricle stenosis. Ventricle stenosis and fusion of the lateral ventricle (LV) walls is associated with a massive decline of the proliferative capacities of the stem cell niche in the affected subventricular zone (SVZ) in aging mice. We examined the brains of adult C57BL/6 mice and found that ependymal cells located in the adhesions of the medial and lateral walls of the rostral LVs upregulated parvalbumin (PV) and displayed reactive phenotype, similarly to injury‐reactive ependymal cells. However, PV+ ependymal cells in the LV‐wall adhesions, unlike injury‐reactive ones, did not express glial fibrillary acidic protein. S100B+/PV+ ependymal cells found in younger mice diminished in the LV‐wall adhesions throughout aging. We found that periventricular PV‐immunofluorescence showed positive correlation to the grade of LV stenosis in nonaged mice (<10‐month‐old), and that the extent of LV‐wall adhesions and LV stenosis was significantly lower in mid‐aged (>10‐month‐old) PV‐knock out (PV‐KO) mice. This suggests an involvement of PV+ ependymal cells in aging‐associated ventricle stenosis. Additionally, we observed a time‐shift in microglial activation in the LV‐wall adhesions between age‐grouped PV‐KO and wild‐type mice, suggesting a delay in microglial activation when PV is absent from ependymal cells. Our findings implicate that compromised ependymal cells of the adhering ependymal layers upregulate PV and display phenotype shift to “reactive” ependymal cells in aging‐related ventricle stenosis; moreover, they also contribute to the progression of LV‐wall fusion associated with a decline of the affected SVZ‐stem cell niche in aged mice.
Intensive Short‐Term Dynamic Psychotherapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A pilot effectiveness and process‐outcome study
Authors: Lilliengren Peter , Johansson Robert , Town Joel M. , Kisely Steve , Abbass Allan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical‐ and cost‐effectiveness of Intensive Short‐Term Dynamic Psychotherapy (ISTDP) for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). We further aimed to examine if a key clinical process within the ISTDP framework, termed the level of mobilization of unprocessed complex emotions (MUCE), was related to outcome. The sample consisted of 215 adult patients (60.9% female) with GAD and comorbid conditions treated in a tertiary mental health outpatient setting. The patients were provided an average of 8.3 sessions of ISTDP delivered by 38 therapists. The level of MUCE in treatment was assessed from videotaped sessions by a rater blind to treatment outcome. Year‐by‐year healthcare costs were derived independently from government databases. Multilevel growth models indicated significant decreases in psychiatric symptoms and interpersonal problems during treatment. These gains were corroborated by reductions in healthcare costs that continued for 4 years post‐treatment reaching normal population means. Further, we found that the in‐treatment level of MUCE was associated with larger treatment effects, underlining the significance of emotional experiencing and processing in the treatment of GAD. We conclude that ISTDP appears to reduce symptoms and costs associated with GAD and that the ISTDP framework may be useful for understanding key therapeutic processes in this challenging clinical population. Controlled studies of ISTDP for GAD are warranted.
Effect of TiO2 Surface Treatment on the Current–Voltage Hysteresis of Planar‐Structure Perovskite Solar Cells Prepared on Rough and Flat Fluorine‐Doped Tin Oxide Substrates
Authors: Cojocaru Ludmila , Uchida Satoshi , Jayaweera Piyankarage V. V. , Kaneko Shoji , Wang Haibin , Nakazaki Jotaro , Kubo Takaya , Segawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHerein, we studied the effect of surface treatment of compact TiO2 layer by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light and by TiCl4 on the I–V hysteresis of perovskite solar cells prepared on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates with two different surface roughnesses. Initially, the cells prepared on flat FTO substrates show better results than cells prepared on rough FTO, with slightly higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) and less hysteresis in the I–V curves. Treatment of TiO2 prepared on flat FTO has no effect on the I–V hysteresis because of better contact between TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 layers. Treatment of TiO2 layer on rough FTO has a positive effect on the PCE and I–V hysteresis and stability.