bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nociception modulation by supraspinal group III metabotropic glutamate receptors
Authors: Palazzo Enza , Marabese Ida , Luongo Livio , Guida Francesca , de Novellis Vito , Maione Sabatino 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe modulatory actions of glutamate, the main excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), are exerted through the activation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). Of the eight known mGluRs (mGluR1–8), group III mGluRs (mGluR4, mGluR6, mGluR7, and mGluR8) are less understood because of the lack of selective ligands. Except for mGluR6, group III mGluRs are widely distributed throughout the CNS. They are mainly located on presynaptic terminals where they inhibit neurotransmitter release at glutamatergic and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic synapses. Their location at certain synapses is considered critical for normal CNS function, which makes them potential targets in neurological and psychiatric treatments. Novel ligands that are selective for group III mGluR subtypes have recently been developed. These compounds, which mainly target allosteric sites and act as positive or negative allosteric modulators (PAMs or NAMs) of glutamate transmission, are contributing to the understanding of the functional roles of group III mGluRs in a number of pathological conditions, such as epilepsy, anxiety, neurodegenerative diseases, and chronic pain. Moreover, the presence of group III mGluRs throughout the entire pain neuraxis and particularly in the descending system suggests that these endogenous substrates that extend from the cortex to the first spinal synapse are candidates for pain control. Recent data on chronic pain alleviation by group III mGluR ligands encourage further studies as pathological pain is one of the most troublesome diseases because of the current lack of satisfactory therapy. This review summarizes recent studies on group III mGluRs in animal models of chronic pain, which evidence an opposite modulation of mGluR7 and mGluR8 on pain responses and their capability to affect pain responses only in pathological states.
This article is part of the special article series “Pain”.
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Prediction of self‐care behaviour on the basis of knowledge about chronic kidney disease using self‐efficacy as a mediator
Authors: Wu Shu‐Fang Vivienne , Hsieh Nan‐Chen , Lin Li‐Ju , Tsai Juin‐Ming 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesThis study was to investigate: (1) the important factors in the self‐care of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and (2) the mediating effects of self‐efficacy on knowledge and self‐care.BackgroundChronic kidney disease has become a major global health issue and is one of the top 10 leading causes of death in Taiwan where the dialysis population ranks first in the world. The number of patients with poor self‐care behaviours continues to rise despite ongoing health education. Knowledge and self‐efficacy are important factors that influence self‐care behaviour; however, very few articles have examined the relationships among them.DesignCross‐sectional and correlational design.MethodsSubject recruitment was conducted by purposive sampling in the renal outpatient clinics and dialysis centres of two teaching hospitals in northern Taiwan. A total of 247 patients with chronic kidney disease (stages 1–5) were enrolled.Results(1) Knowledge was positively correlated with self‐efficacy (r = 0·41, p < 0·01) and with self‐care (r = 0·18, p < 0·01). Self‐efficacy (r = 0·44, p < 0·01) as well as age (r = 0·15, p < 0·01) were positively correlated with self‐care. (2) The relationship between knowledge and self‐care was fully mediated by self‐efficacy (z = 4·82, p < 0·001) and the effect was 50%.ConclusionThe results showed that self‐efficacy was a crucial mediator between knowledge and self‐care. In addition to providing knowledge to chronic kidney disease patients, healthcare professionals should also offer strategies that can enhance self‐efficacy to increase self‐care behaviours in chronic kidney disease patients and implement effective disease management.Relevance to clinical practiceIncorporate self‐efficacy strategies into the process of health education to improve knowledge and the effectiveness of self‐care. The findings of this study provide evidence of effectiveness of the use of group activity through self‐management and self‐efficacy enhancement programmes and may influence the policy makers to consider adding or modifying the reimbursement criteria.
THE RISE AND DECLINE OF ECONOMIC POLICY AS AN AUTONOMOUS DISCIPLINE: A CRITICAL SURVEY
Authors: Acocella Nicola 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAfter Adam Smith's statement of market virtues, the process of gestation of economic policy as a rational set of rules for public agenda has been rather slow. Until not so long ago, economic policy as a discipline was often confined to prescribing practical rules intended to explain technical procedures of government intervention. Economic policy– as a coherent and to some extent autonomous discipline–only emerged in the late 1950s in Scandinavia, the Netherlands and Italy, when solid foundations indicating not only microeconomic but also macroeconomic market failures and a theory about the conditions for policy effectiveness and design were consistently developed. This paper intends to explain the reasons for the emergence of the discipline, the circumstances that favoured its diffusion, the reasons for its apparent setback and some factors that could facilitate its diffusion in the next years
TPGS-modified liposomes for the delivery of ginsenoside compound K against non-small cell lung cancer: formulation design and its evaluation in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yang Lei , Xin Jin , Zhang Zhenhai , Yan Hongmei , Wang Jing , Sun E , Hou Jian , Jia Xiaobin , Lv Huixia 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Objective
This work aimed at preparing ginsenoside compound K (GCK)-loaded liposomes modified with TPGS (GCKT-liposomes) to enhance solubility and targeting capability of GCK, as well as inhibit the efflux of GCK from tumour cells.

Methods
GCKT-liposomes were prepared by the thin-film hydration method and characterized by particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential and drug encapsulation efficiency. A549 cells were used as antitumour cell model to access the cellular uptake of the GCK and perform its antitumour function. The enhancement of in vivo antitumour efficacy of GCKT-liposomes was evaluated by nude mice bearing tumour model.

Key findings
The results showed that GCKT-liposomes achieved a comparatively high drug loading efficiency and reasonable particle size at the ratio of 7 : 3 (phospholipid: TPGS). The in vitro release demonstrated that the dissolution of GCK was remarkably improved by entrapping it into liposomes. In addition, GCKT-liposomes exhibited a great hypersensitizing effect on A549 cells, and the cellular uptake was enhanced. Compared with free GCK, the IC50 of GCKT-liposomes was significantly reduced (16.3 ± 0.8 vs 24.9 ± 1.0 μg/ml). In vivo antitumour assay also indicated that GCKT-liposomes achieved higher antitumour efficacy (67.5 ± 0.5 vs 40.8 ± 0.7%).

Conclusion
The novel GCKT-liposomes significantly improved the antitumour efficacy of GCK.
In situ 3‐D mapping of pore structures and hollow grains of interplanetary dust particles with phase contrast X‐ray nanotomography
Authors: Hu Z. W. , Winarski R. P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUnlocking the 3‐D structure and properties of intact chondritic porous interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) in nanoscale detail is challenging, which is also complicated by atmospheric entry heating, but is important for advancing our understanding of the formation and origins of IDPs and planetary bodies as well as dust and ice agglomeration in the outer protoplanetary disk. Here, we show that indigenous pores, pristine grains, and thermal alteration products throughout intact particles can be noninvasively visualized and distinguished morphologically and microstructurally in 3‐D detail down to ~10 nm by exploiting phase contrast X‐ray nanotomography. We have uncovered the surprisingly intricate, submicron, and nanoscale pore structures of a ~10‐μm‐long porous IDP, consisting of two types of voids that are interconnected in 3‐D space. One is morphologically primitive and mostly submicron‐sized intergranular voids that are ubiquitous; the other is morphologically advanced and well‐defined intragranular nanoholes that run through the approximate centers of ~0.3 μm or lower submicron hollow grains. The distinct hollow grains exhibit complex 3‐D morphologies but in 2‐D projections resemble typical organic hollow globules observed by transmission electron microscopy. The particle, with its outer region characterized by rough vesicular structures due to thermal alteration, has turned out to be an inherently fragile and intricately submicron‐ and nanoporous aggregate of the sub‐μm grains or grain clumps that are delicately bound together frequently with little grain‐to‐grain contact in 3‐D space.
Down‐regulation of the glucan synthase‐like 6 gene (HvGsl6) in barley leads to decreased callose accumulation and increased cell wall penetration by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei
Authors: Chowdhury Jamil , Schober Michael S. , Shirley Neil J. , Singh Rohan R. , Jacobs Andrew K. , Douchkov Dimitar , Schweizer Patrick , Fincher Geoffrey B. , Burton Rachel A. , Little Alan 
Published: July 2016

Summary

The recent characterization of the polysaccharide composition of papillae deposited at the barley cell wall during infection by the powdery mildew pathogen, Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), has provided new targets for the generation of enhanced disease resistance. The role of callose in papilla‐based penetration resistance of crop species is largely unknown because the genes involved in the observed callose accumulation have not been identified unequivocally.

We have employed both comparative and functional genomics approaches to identify the functional orthologue of AtGsl5 in the barley genome. HvGsl6 (the barley glucan synthase‐like 6 gene), which has the highest sequence identity to AtGsl5, is the only Bgh‐induced gene among the HvGsls examined in this study.

Through double‐stranded RNA interference (dsRNAi)‐mediated silencing of HvGsl6, we have shown that the down‐regulation of HvGsl6 is associated with a lower accumulation of papillary and wound callose and a higher susceptibility to penetration of the papillae by Bgh, compared with control lines.

The results indicate that the HvGsl6 gene is a functional orthologue of AtGsl5 and is involved in papillary callose accumulation in barley. The increased susceptibility of HvGsl6 dsRNAi transgenic lines to infection indicates that callose positively contributes to the barley fungal penetration resistance mechanism.
Total 3D‐viewshed Map: Quantifying the Visible Volume in Digital Elevation Models
Authors: Cervilla Antonio Rodriguez , Tabik Siham , Vías Jesús , Mérida Matías , Romero Luis F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe 3D perception of the human eye is more impressive in irregular land surfaces than in flat land surfaces. The quantification of this perception would be very useful in many applications. This article presents the first approach to determining the visible volume, which we call the 3D‐viewshed, in each and all the points of a DEM (Digital Elevation Model). Most previous visibility algorithms in GIS (Geographic Information Systems) are based on the concept of a 2D‐viewshed, which determines the number of points that can be seen from an observer in a DEM. Extending such a 2D‐viewshed to 3D space, then to all the DEM‐points, is too expensive computationally since the viewshed computation per se is costly. In this work, we propose the first approach to compute a new visibility metric that quantifies the visible volume from every point of a DEM. In particular, we developed an efficient algorithm with a high data and calculation re‐utilization. This article presents the first total‐3D‐viewshed maps together with validation results and comparative analysis. Using our highly scalable parallel algorithm to compute the total‐3D‐viewshed of a DEM with 4 million points on a Xeon Processor E5‐2698 takes only 1.3 minutes.
Whole genome microarray data of chronic wound debridement prior to application of dermal skin substitutes
Authors: Ashrafi Mohammed , Sebastian Anil , Shih Barbara , Greaves Nicholas , Alonso‐Rasgado Teresa , Baguneid Mohamed , Bayat Ardeshir 
Published: July 2016

AbstractClinical consensus is that debridement is necessary for successful application of dermal skin substitutes (DSS) to chronic wounds. The aim here was to identify commonly expressed genes associated with wound healing in untreated acute wounds and chronic wounds treated with wound debridement followed by DSS. Cutaneous biopsies were taken at two time points from untreated acute and chronic wounds and from chronic wounds treated with DSS following debridement. Microarray analysis identified significant differences (p < 0.05) related to proliferation (HIPK2, LGR4, FGFR1, SRRT), migration (RHOC, PRPF40A, FGFR1), differentiation (TCF4, COL13A1, GNPTAB, HUWE1, FGFR1), angiogenesis (HIPK2, CASP8), extracellular matrix organization (VWA1), and apoptosis (BBC3, HIPK2, KLF11, PSME3, MSFD10, TOP2A, MLH1, CASP8, PDIA3, XAF1) when comparing untreated chronic wounds to chronic wounds treated with DSS, with similar expression levels compared to untreated acute wounds. Chronic wounds treated with debridement followed by DSS resemble untreated acute wounds at a genomic level. These novel findings, albeit with limited clinical specimen numbers, strengthen the recommendation to transform chronic into acute wounds prior to application of DSS.
The Relationship Between Hip Kinematics and Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) in Long Distance Runners: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Loudon Janice K. , Swift Marcie 
Published: July 2016

Clinical Question:Is there evidence to suggest that runners with a history of ITBS demonstrate altered lower extremity kinematics compared with runners without a history of ITBS?Clinical Bottom Line:There is moderate evidence suggesting that hip kinematics differ between runners with a history of ITBS compared with healthy runners. Results are contradictory related to the plane of movement and direction of the kinematic change. In addition, assessing hip kinematics following an exhaustive run may be beneficial to detect change.
Whole-Genome Shotgun Sequencing and Annotation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis MTB221/11 Isolated from a Cerebrospinal Fluid Sample in Malaysia
Authors: Issa Rahizan , Seradja Valentinus H. , Abdullah Mohd Khairul Hafizi 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we report of the annotated genome sequence of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
MTB221/11. The organism was isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient in Malaysia.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Acinetobacter
sp. Strain BMW17, a Cellulolytic and Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Isolated from the Rhizospheric Region of
Phragmites karka
of Chilika Lake, India
Authors: Mishra Samir R. , Ray Lopamudra , Panda Ananta Narayan , Sahu Neha , Xess Sonal S. , Jadhao Sudhir , Suar Mrutyunjay , Adhya Tapan Kumar , Rastogi Gurdeep , Pattnaik Ajit Kumar , Raina Vishakha 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

We report the 3.16 Mb draft genome of
Acinetobacter
sp. strain BMW17, a Gram-negative bacterium in the class of
Gammaproteobacteria
, isolated from the rhizospheric region of
Phragmites karka
, an invasive weed in Chilika Lake, Odisha, India. The strain BMW17
T
is capable of degrading cellulose and is also an efficient plant growth promoter that can be useful for various phytoremedial and commercial applications.
Draft Genome Sequences of Gluconobacter cerinus CECT 9110 and Gluconobacter japonicus CECT 8443, Acetic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Grape Must
Authors: Sainz Florencia , Mas Albert , Torija María Jesús 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequences of
Gluconobacter cerinus
strain CECT9110 and
Gluconobacter japonicus
CECT8443, acetic acid bacteria isolated from grape must.
Gluconobacter
species are well known for their ability to oxidize sugar alcohols into the corresponding acids. Our objective was to select strains to oxidize effectively
d
-glucose.
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequences for Five Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains Generated with PacBio Sequencing and Optical Maps
Authors: Lindsey Rebecca L. , Rowe Lori , Garcia-Toledo Lisley , Loparev Vladimir , Knipe Kristen , Stripling Devon , Martin Haley , Trees Eija , Juieng Phalasy , Batra Dhwani , Strockbine Nancy 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) is a foodborne pathogen. We report here the high-quality draft whole-genome sequences of five STEC strains isolated from clinical cases in the United States. This report is for STEC of serotypes O55:H7, O79:H7, O91:H14, O153:H2, and O156:H25.
Submaximal fitness and mortality risk reduction in coronary heart disease: a retrospective cohort study of community-based exercise rehabilitation
Authors: Taylor Claire , Tsakirides Costas , Moxon James , Moxon James William , Dudfield Michael , Witte Klaus K , Ingle Lee , Carroll Sean 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the association between submaximal cardiorespiratory fitness (sCRF) and all-cause mortality in a cardiac rehabilitation (CR) cohort.DesignRetrospective cohort study of participants entering CR between 26 May 1993 and 16 October 2006, followed up to 1 November 2013 (median 14 years, range 1.2–19.4 years).SettingA community-based CR exercise programme in Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.ParticipantsA cohort of 534 men (76%) and 136 women with a clinical diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD), aged 22–82 years, attending CR were evaluated for the association between baseline sCRF and all-cause mortality. 416 participants with an exercise test following CR (median 14 weeks) were examined for changes in sCRF and all-cause mortality.Main outcome measuresAll-cause mortality and change in sCRF expressed in estimated metabolic equivalents (METs).ResultsBaseline sCRF was a strong predictor of all-cause mortality; compared to the lowest sCRF group (<5 METs for women and <6 METs for men), mortality risk was 41% lower in those with moderate sCRF (HR 0.59; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.83) and 60% lower (HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.64) in those with higher sCRF levels (≥7 METs women and ≥8 METs for men). Although improvement in sCRF at 14 weeks was not associated with a significant mortality risk reduction (HR 0.91; 95% CI 0.79 to 1.06) for the whole cohort, in those with the lowest sCRF (and highest all-cause mortality) at baseline, each 1-MET improvement was associated with a 27% age-adjusted reduction in mortality risk (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.57 to 0.94).ConclusionsHigher baseline sCRF is associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality over 14 years in adults with CHD. Improving fitness through exercise-based CR is associated with significant risk reduction for the least fit.
Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab plus erlotinib versus bevacizumab or erlotinib alone in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Shu , Mao Xiao-dong , Wang Hai-tao , Cai Feng , Xu Jing 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesBevacizumab and erlotinib inhibit different tumour growth pathways, and both exhibit beneficial effects in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the efficacy of bevacizumab in combination with erlotinib remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to compare combination treatment with bevacizumab and erlotinib to bevacizumab or erlotinib monotherapy in the treatment of NSCLC.MethodsRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE were systematically reviewed. The main outcome measures included overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), overall response rate (ORR) and adverse events. Results were expressed as HRs or risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs.Results5 RCTs involving a total of 1736 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The combination of bevacizumab and erlotinib significantly improved PFS (HR=0.63, 95% CI 0.53 to 0.75; p=0.000) and the ORR (RR=1.91, 95% CI 1.19 to 3.06; p=0.007) in the second-line treatment of NSCLC compared with bevacizumab or erlotinib alone. However, no significant difference in OS was observed between the combination and monotherapy groups (HR=0.96, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.11; p=0.573). A subgroup analysis has shown that the greatest PFS benefit was associated with an age of <65 years(HR=0.74, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.96; p=0.026), Asian/Pacific Islander ethnicity (HR=0.23, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.54; p=0.001), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 1 (HR=0.82, 95% CI 0.68 to 0.98; p=0.033), stage IIIB or IV disease (HR=0.68, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.82; p=0.000) and no history of smoking (HR=0.48, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.71; p=0.000). The incidence of grade 3/4 adverse events such as rash and diarrhoea was higher in the combination group than in the monotherapy group.ConclusionsThe addition of bevacizumab to erlotinib can significantly improve PFS and the ORR in the second-line treatment of NSCLC with an acceptable and manageable risk of rash and diarrhoea. Further well-conducted, large-scale trials are needed to validate these findings.
Investigating the relationship between substance use and sexual behaviour in young people in Britain: findings from a national probability survey
Authors: Khadr S N , Jones K G , Mann S , Hale D R , Johnson A M , Viner R M , Mercer C H , Wellings K 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundHealth risk behaviours are prominent in late adolescence and young adulthood, yet UK population-level research examining the relationship between drug or alcohol use and sexual health and behaviour among young people is scarce, despite public health calls for an integrated approach to health improvement. Our objective was to further our understanding of the scale of and nature of any such relationship, using contemporary data from Britain's third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3).MethodsAnalyses of data from Natsal-3, a stratified probability survey of 15 162 men and women (3869 aged 16–24 years), undertaken in 2010–2012, using computer-assisted personal interviewing, were carried out. Logistic regression was used to explore associations between reporting (1) frequent binge drinking (≥weekly), (2) recent drug use (within past 4 weeks) or (3) multiple (both types of) substance use, and key sexual risk behaviours and adverse sexual health outcomes. We then examined the sociodemographic profile, health behaviours and attitudes reported by ‘risky’ young people, defined as those reporting ≥1 type of substance use plus non-condom use at first sex with ≥1 new partner(s), last year.ResultsMen and women reporting frequent binge drinking or recent drug use were more likely to report: unprotected first sex with ≥1 new partner(s), last year; first sex with their last partner after only recently meeting; emergency contraception use (last year) and sexually transmitted infection diagnosis/es (past 5 years). Associations with sexual risk were frequently stronger for those reporting multiple substance use, particularly among men. The profile of ‘risky’ young people differed from that of other 16–24 years old.ConclusionsIn this nationally representative study, substance use was strongly associated with sexual risk and adverse sexual health outcomes among young people. Qualitative or event-level research is needed to examine the context and motivations behind these associations to inform joined-up interventions to address these inter-related behaviours.