bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fresh frozen plasma transfusion – a risk factor for pulmonary hemorrhage in extremely low birth weight infants?
Authors: Usemann Jakob , Garten Lars , Bührer Christoph , Dame Christof , Cremer Malte 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAim:To evaluate risk factors for pulmonary hemorrhage (PH) in extremely low birth weight infants (ELBW) taking into consideration coagulation screens, platelet counts, transfusion of fresh frozen plasma (FFP), and platelet concentrates prior to PH.Patients and methods:A retrospective case-control study consisting of 20 ELBW infants with PH and 40 matched controls. Coagulation screens, platelet counts at birth and at onset of PH, and transfusion frequencies prior to PH were compared to case-controls at birth and 24–96 h after birth.Results:While the initial platelet counts, fibrinogen concentrations, and international normalized ratios were similar in PH infants and controls, the activated partial prothrombin time was prolonged (P=0.05). Compared to 28% of case controls (P<0.05), 55% of infants with later PH received FFP prior to PH. Platelet counts were significantly lower at onset of PH (median 81/nL; range: 37–236/nL) compared to controls (166/nL; 27–460/nL; P<0.005). Multivariate analysis indicated a lack of antenatal steroids, supplemental oxygen, and transfusion of FFP as independent risk factors for PH.Conclusion:Prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) might be associated with PH. PH does not primarily depend upon severe thrombocytopenia. A developmental mismatch in hemostasis by transfusion of adult donor plasma should be considered a risk factor for PH.
DC conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of nonstoichiometric MgCuZn ferrites
Authors: Madhuri W. , Kiran S. Roopas , Reddy M. Penchal , Reddy N. Ramamanohar , Kumar K.V. Siva 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Nonstoichiometric series of Mg0.5−xCuxZn0.5Fe1.9O4−δ where x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.25 has been synthesized by conventional solid state reaction route. The single phase spinel structure of the double sintered ferrites was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD). The ferrite series was studied in terms of DC electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power in the temperature ranging from room temperature to 300 °C and 400 °C, respectively. It was observed that DC electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient α decreased with the increase in x. DC electrical conductivity was found to decrease by about 4 orders. All the compositions showed a negative Seebeck coefficient exhibiting n-type semiconducting nature. From the above experimental results, activation energy and mobility of all the samples were estimated. Small polaron hopping conduction mechanism was suggested for the series of ferrites. Owing to their low conductivity the nonstoichiometric MgCuZn ferrites are the best materials for transformer core and high definition television deflection yokes.
Gardening for Therapeutic People-Plant Interactions during Long-Duration Space Missions
Authors: Odeh Raymond , Guy Charles L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPlants provide people with vital resources necessary to sustain life. Nutrition, vitamins, calories, oxygen, fuel, and medicinal phytochemicals are just a few of the life-supporting plant products, but does our relationship with plants transcend these physical and biochemical products? This review synthesizes some of the extant literature on people-plant interactions, and relates key findings relevant to space exploration and the psychosocial and neurocognitive benefits of plants and nature in daily life. Here, a case is made in support of utilizing plant-mediated therapeutic benefits to mitigate potential psychosocial and neurocognitive decrements associated with long-duration space missions, especially for missions that seek to explore increasingly distant places where ground-based support is limited.
Agriculture for Space: People and Places Paving the Way
Authors: Wheeler Raymond M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAgricultural systems for space have been discussed since the works of Tsiolkovsky in the early 20thcentury. Central to the concept is the use of photosynthetic organisms and light to generate oxygen and food. Research in the area started in 1950s and 60s through the works of Jack Myers and others, who studied algae for O2production and CO2removal for the US Air Force and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Studies on algal production and controlled environment agriculture were also carried out by Russian researchers in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia beginning in 1960s including tests with human crews whose air, water, and much of their food were provided by wheat and other crops. NASA initiated its Controlled Ecological Life Support Systems (CELSS) Program ca. 1980 with testing focused on controlled environment production of wheat, soybean, potato, lettuce, and sweetpotato. Findings from these studies were then used to conduct tests in a 20 m2, atmospherically closed chamber located at Kennedy Space Center. Related tests with humans and crops were conducted at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in the 1990s. About this same time, Japanese researchers developed a Controlled Ecological Experiment Facility (CEEF) in Aomori Prefecture to conduct closed system studies with plants, humans, animals, and waste recycling systems. CEEF had 150 m2of plant growth area, which provided a near-complete diet along with air and water regeneration for two humans and two goats. The European Space Agency MELiSSA Project began in the late 1980s and pursued ecological approaches for providing gas, water and materials recycling for space life support, and later expanded to include plant testing. A Canadian research team at the University of Guelph developed a research facility ca. 1994 for space crop research. The Canadian team eventually developed sophisticated canopy-scale hypobaric plant production chambers ca. 2000 for testing crops for space, and have since expanded their testing for a wide range of controlled environment agriculture topics. Most recently, a group at Beihang University in Beijing designed, built and tested a closed life support facility (Lunar Palace 1), which included a 69-m2agricultural module for air, water, and food production for three humans. As a result of these studies for space agriculture, novel technologies and findings have been produced; this includes the first use of light emitting diodes for growing crops, one of the first demonstrations of vertical agriculture, use of hydroponic approaches for subterranean crops like potato and sweetpotato, crop yields that surpassed reported record field yields, the ability to quantify volatile organic compound production (e.g., ethylene) from whole crop stands, innovative approaches for controlling water delivery, approaches for processing and recycling wastes back to crop production systems, and more. The theme of agriculture for space has contributed to, and benefited from terrestrial, controlled environment agriculture and will continue to do so into the future.
Paremiography in Spain Since the End of the
19th Century: Problems, Methods and Results
Authors: Sevilla-Muñoz Julia 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Paroemias, or brief and sententious statements, constitute a linguistic treasure trove which is
not always easy to compile. This is particularly so for paroemias of popular use, such as proverbs, due
to their complex nature (metaphorical meaning, frequent suppression of lexical elements, use of archaic
expressions and words, employment of rhetorical figures and so on). They are also expressions of popular
wisdom handed down through oral tradition from generation to generation within a largely rural culture.
Moreover, since many of these popular proverbs have fallen into disuse, they have become less understood,
and therefore, less used. Despite the problems posed by paroemiographical work, there exist many
collections dedicated to recording proverbs in popular use, in particular sayings, for their linguistic, didactic
and ethnolinguistic value. This paper addresses the paremiographical work on proverbs carried out in Spain
in order to take stock of the said work from the end of the 19th century to the present. Then it analyses the
paroemigraphical approaches used, the results obtained and their usefulness in paroemiological research.
Furthermore, the application of new technologies to paroemiography and the enhancements which they
have contributed, are also examined.
Experimental Investigation on Oil Enhancement Mechanism of Hot Water Injection in tight reservoirs
Authors: Yongmao Hao , Mingjing Lu , Chengshun Dong , Jianpeng Jia , Yuliang Su , Guanglong Sheng 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Aimed at enhancing the oil recovery of tight reservoirs, the mechanism of hot water flooding was studied in this paper. Experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of hot water injection on oil properties, and the interaction between rock and fluid, petrophysical property of the reservoirs. Results show that with the injected water temperature increasing, the oil/water viscosity ratio falls slightly in a tight reservoir which has little effect on oil recovery. Further it shows that the volume factor of oil increases significantly which can increase the formation energy and thus raise the formation pressure. At the same time, oil/water interfacial tension decreases slightly which has a positive effect on production though the reduction is not obvious. Meanwhile, the irreducible water saturation and the residual oil saturation are both reduced, the common percolation area of two phases is widened and the general shape of the curve improves. The threshold pressure gradient that crude oil starts to flow also decreases. It relates the power function to the temperature, which means it will be easier for oil production and water injection. Further the pore characteristics of reservoir rocks improves which leads to better water displacement. Based on the experimental results and influence of temperature on different aspects of hot water injection, the flow velocity expression of two-phase of oil and water after hot water injection in tight reservoirs is obtained.
The calculation of the optical gap energy of ZnXO (X = Bi, Sn and Fe)
Authors: Benramache Said , Benhaoua Boubaker 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this paper, a new mathematical model has been developed to calculate the optical properties of nano materials a function of their size and structure. ZnO has good characterizatics in optical, electrical, and structural crystallisation; We will demonstrate that the direct optical gap energy of ZnO films grown by US and SP spray deposition can be calculated by investigating the correlation between solution molarity, doping levels of doped films and their Urbache energy. A simulation model has been developed to calculate the optical band gap energy of undoped and Bi, Sn and Fe doped ZnO thin films. The measurements by thus proposed models are in agreement with experimental data, with high correlation coefficients in the range 0.94-0.99. The maximum calculated enhancement of the optical gap energy of Sn doped ZnO thin films is always higher than the enhancement attainable with an Fe doped film, where the minimum error was found for Bi and Sn doped ZnO thin films to be 2,345 and 3,072%, respectively. The decrease in the relative errors from undoped to doped films can be explained by the good optical properties which can be observed in the fewer number of defects as well as less disorder.
Deterministic and stochastic stability of an SIRS epidemic model with a saturated incidence rate
Authors: N’zi Modeste , Tano Jacques 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we formulate an epidemic model for the spread of an infectious disease in a population of varying size. The total population is divided into three distinct epidemiological subclass of individuals (susceptible, infectious and recovered) and we study a deterministic and stochastic models with saturated incidence rate. The stochastic model is obtained by incorporating a random noise into the deterministic model. In the deterministic case, we briefly discuss the global asymptotic stability of the disease free equilibrium by using a Lyapunov function. For the stochastic version, we study the global existence and positivity of the solution. Under suitable conditions on the intensity of the white noise perturbation, we prove that there are a p-th moment exponential stability and almost sure exponential stability of the disease free equilibrium. Furthermore, sufficient conditions for the extinction of the disease are obtained and the asymptotic behavior around the endemic equilibrium is studied. Finally, we give some numerical simulations to illustrate our theoretical results.
Laboratory-Scale Model of Reinforced Alkali-Activated Agro-Waste for Clayey Soil Stabilization
Authors: Pourakbar S. , Huat B. B. K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This study assessed the laboratory model investigation to evaluate the feasibility of using reinforced alkali-activated binder for the purpose of soil stabilization. This paper consisted of two stages. The first stage investigated the efficacy of incorporating alkali-activated binder in conjunction with reinforcement inclusion, which improves satisfactory mechanical properties in treated soil. As such, in the first stage, palm oil fuel ash (POFA) and wollastonite microfibers were incorporated in the form of precursor and dispersed discrete reinforcement, respectively. In this stage, the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) was used as a practical indicator to investigate strength development. In the second stage of this study, a model procedure of interaction between a strip footing model and stabilized clayey soil by column technique was examined. From the perspective of strength development, alkali-activated agro-waste showed, undoubtedly, a very effective method to enhance the peak strength of investigated soil. Besides, the inclusion of the reinforcement material in alkali-activated samples increased the peak stress and improved the post-peak behavior, namely by modifying the original brittle response of the stabilized soil into a more ductile one. Depending on the replacement area ratio, results of the second phase showed that a considerable bearing capacity increase of up to 197 % of treated columns could be achieved.
Estimation of Population Standard Deviation for Post-Crack Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Bernard E. S. , Xu G. G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe post-crack performance of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) is widely reported to exhibit a high degree of variability. Several reasons exist to explain this problem, most notably the small area of crack surface involved in most beam tests. Of less widely recognized significance to variability is the relationship between the sample standard deviation and the population standard deviation for this material. Standard statistical theory can be used to estimate the relationship between the variance in a sample of observations and the variance in the population from which the observations are drawn, but this critically depends on the observations being drawn from a population displaying a normal distribution. Moreover, the observations must also exhibit covariant stationary characteristics. In this investigation, it is shown that neither of these assumptions are necessarily true for FRC specimens produced using standard mixing procedures. Instead, the distribution of post-crack performance parameters obtained from standard beam and panel-based tests exhibit inconsistent characteristics that possibly require an empirical approach to effective estimation of the population standard deviation.
Quantitative Description of Microstructural Banding in Steels
Authors: Kazakov Alexander , Kiselev Daniil , Kazakova Elena , Vander Voort George F. , Chigintsev Lev 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Banding describes a segregation of structural constituents in rolled steel—more exactly, the degree to which these structural constituents separate into distinctly expressed layers that have been formed via stretching of micro-segregation areas along the deformation direction. Our experiments have shown that neither of the stereological structural parameters used in ASTM E1268 can adequately describe microstructural banding. As stated in paragraph 13.9 in the standard's text, “The verbal description of the nature of the banding or alignment is qualitative and somewhat subjective.” It is shown in this article that the banding rate (BR) as a ratio of the standard deviations of the fraction of features on the test lines that are parallel and perpendicular to the deformation direction, earlier described by S. A. Saltykov as a method of directed secants, adequately describes microstructural banding. This newly developed BR can be used to estimate a microstructure from random to oriented up to banded according to GOST 5640-68 banding grades. The banding grades are separated by critical values of banding rate; For example, BR &lt; 1.3—no banding, BR [mt]1.9—one or two solid bands across the whole field of view and several broken bands, BR [mt]2.48—several solid bands intersecting the whole field of view, BR [mt]4 and BR [mt]5—uniform and nonuniform solid bands alternately intersecting the whole field of view. A technique of quantitative description of microstructural banding revealed by a method of directed secants on a panoramic image has been developed and realized as a Thixomet Image Analyzer plug-in. Estimation of banding will be demonstrated with examples of ferrite-pearlite and ferrite-bainite steel microstructures.
Development of a Digital Standard to Specify Surface Requirements of Cast Metal Surfaces
Authors: Voelker M. M. , Peters F. E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Communication of specifications between a customer and a manufacturer is important for meeting form, fit, and functional requirements of any part. Current standards for the requirements of cast metal surfaces use qualitative methods, including comparator plates and images of surfaces, to specify the surface quality allowing ample room for variation in interpretation of the standard. The length scale of existing contact surface measurements is too small for most casting surfaces. This paper covered a proposed digital standard for specifying cast metal surfaces. The proposed digital standard used point cloud data of a cast surface, likely attained using a non-contact capture method, in order to identify roughness properties and anomalies caused by the casting process. Unlike current qualitative methods, this standard does not specify the potential causes of surface issues, such as porosity or inclusions. This standard was developed in order to reduce measurement variation and eliminate confusion between the customer and manufacturer. Assigning quantitative criterion to the surface allows the customer to specify exactly what is needed as opposed to limiting them to a subjective comparator or image to base their requirements. Additionally, this quantitative method could be used to verify visual inspection results among the inspectors within a production facility to reduce their measurement error and improve productivity.
Sub-Micro Laser Modifications of Tribological Surfaces
Authors: Voyer J. , Ausserer F. , Klien S. , Ristow A. , Velkavrh I. , Diem A. , Zehetner J. , Stroj S. , Heidegger S. , Bertschler C. , Edlinger J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In order to address necessary improvements and optimizations of actual highly stressed tribological systems, their overall energy efficiency must be increased through the deployment of pinpointed surface solutions. For this purpose, not only wear, but also the friction behavior of these tribological systems has to be improved. Lubricants and greases are widely used in the industry to reduce adequately the friction and wear of a wide range of tribological systems, but for certain systems, they possess some drawbacks (reduced cleanliness, limited working temperatures, etc.). Therefore, alternative solutions such as laser texturing, which can modify the lubricant dynamics and the materials surface properties, offer new possibilities to decrease the friction and improve the wear properties of tribological systems. In the present study, channel and nanostructured ripple structures (also known as laser induced periodic surface structures or LIPSS) were produced, using an ultra-short pulse laser on mirror-polished 42CrMo4 discs, and characterized. The LIPSS distinguish themselves from the channel structure through their waveform with amplitude smaller than 1 μm. In order to investigate the effects of such surface structures on the overall tribological performance, oscillating wear tests (120 N, 90°C, 25 Hz, 4 mm, 2 h) with a SRV4-Tribometer using polished 100Cr6 convex cylinders as counter bodies were performed. The results obtained from these investigations with the 2 different surface structures were compared with a benchmark system (surfaces without structures). The tribological investigations showed that the nanostructured LIPSS tested against anti-friction coated cylinders significantly reduced the friction coefficient by a factor of 25 % in comparison to the benchmark, without influencing negatively the wear behavior.
Maskless Electrochemical Texturing of Automotive Cylinders
Authors: da Silva L. R. R. , Costa H. L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In internal combustion engines, friction between the rings and the cylinder liner is responsible for considerable energy losses. The surface topography of the contacting surfaces has direct effects on lubrication and friction. Different techniques for surface texturing have been used, such as laser and photochemical texturing. In this work, a recently developed technique is adapted to texture gray cast-iron diesel cylinder liners. This technique, called maskless electrochemical texturing (MECT), features great simplicity, low cost, high speed, and low complexity of the apparatus involved. The tool is cathodic and the workpiece to be textured is anodic under pulsed voltage. The electrolyte passes through perforated microcavities in the tool, resulting in texturing of the workpiece. This work aimed to adapt MECT to texture cylindrical surfaces and to find adequate texturing parameters for gray cast-iron cylinder liners. The process variables investigated in this work and how they affect the depth of features, the amount of overcut, and the anodic dissolution localization were the distance between the tool and workpiece, the voltage, and the texturing time. Patterns containing arrays of chevrons were successfully produced in cylinder liners.