bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Indicated Compared with Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Healthy Nulliparas: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Trial
Authors: Doherty Lindsay , Roberts Jim , Myatt Leslie , Leveno Kenneth , Varner Michael , Wapner Ronald , Thorp John , Mercer Brian , Peaceman Alan , Ramin Susan , Carpenter Marshall , Iams Jay , Sciscione Anthony , Harper Margaret , Tolosa Jorge , Saade George , Sorokin Yoram , Tita Alan ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units Network
Published: November 2017

Objective To compare the risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with spontaneous (SPTB) versus indicated preterm births (IPTB).
Methods A secondary analysis of a multicenter trial of vitamin C and E supplementation in healthy low-risk nulliparous women. Outcomes were compared between women with SPTB (due to spontaneous membrane rupture or labor) and those with IPTB (due to medical or obstetric complications). A primary maternal composite outcome included: death, pulmonary edema, blood transfusion, adult respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), cerebrovascular accident, acute tubular necrosis, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, or liver rupture. A neonatal composite outcome included: neonatal death, RDS, grades III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), or retinopathy of prematurity.
Results Of 9,867 women, 10.4% (N = 1,038) were PTBs; 32.7% (n = 340) IPTBs and 67.3% (n = 698) SPTBs. Compared with SPTB, the composite maternal outcome was more frequent in IPTB—4.4% versus 0.9% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 4.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–11.8), as were blood transfusion and prolonged hospital stay (3.2 and 3.7 times, respectively). The frequency of composite neonatal outcome was higher in IPTBs (aOR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1–3.0), as were RDS (1.7 times), small for gestational age (SGA) < 5th percentile (7.9 times), and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission (1.8 times).
Conclusion Adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes were significantly more likely with IPTB than with SPTB.
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and Cell Adhesion Molecules Following Exercise Training
Authors: Koh Yunsuk , Park Jin , Carter Rick 
Published: November 2017

AbstractElevated oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and cell adhesion molecules are associated with inflammation and atherosclerosis. The role of exercise in circulating ox-LDL, enzyme mediators, and cell adhesion molecules are not clearly understood in obesity. As a randomized controlled design, 27 obese (BMI>30 kg/m2) sedentary men (N=13) and women (N=14) were randomly assigned to either an exercise (N=15) or a control (N=12) group. The exercise group performed a 60-min supervised treadmill exercise at moderate intensity (70% of HRmax) for 3 days per week for 4 weeks, while the control group did not exercise. Overnight fasting blood samples were collected before and after the study period to analyze serum lipids, lipoprotein-cholesterol, ox-LDL, 12- and 15-lipoxygenases, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Moderate-intensity exercise training lowered both ox-LDL (from 44.76±1.99 to 38.51±1.99 U/L, p=0.032) and MPO (from 31.48±2.20 to 23.09±2.20 ng/mL, p=0.010), without significantly altering body weight, other parameters of serum lipids and lipoproteins, or soluble cell adhesion molecules. Moderate intensity exercise training reduced the levels of ox-LDL and MPO, indicating a reduced risk for developing CVD and additional protection to the possible metabolic complications associated with obesity.
Efficacy of Lophira alata Leaf Extract and its Combination with Artesunate in Mice Prior Exposed to Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Falade Mofolusho , Komoni Favour , Nwuba Roseangela 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEnhanced antimalarial activity of plant extracts used for treatment of malaria in endemic areas is attributed to partial immunity gained by prior infection. This suggests synergy between immunity and extract activity in treatment. Testing this hypothesis, rodent malaria was used to determine efficacy of Lophira alata leaf extracts in treating malaria in prior infected mice. One round of P. berghei infection and Pyrimethamine drug-cure was used to establish partial immunity in mice. Previously Exposed Mice (PEM) and Previously Unexposed Mice (PUM) mice challenged with P. berghei were used to determine influence of partial antimalarial immunity on efficacy of L. alata leaf extracts, administered alone or in combination with Artesunate (ART) in malaria treatment. There was a significant reduction in parasitemia in PEM when compared to PUM animals (P<0.001) irrespective of treatment regimen. Administration of L. alata combined with ART significantly reduced parasitemia (P<0.0032) and prolonged (P=0.0109) survival than when L. alata was administered alone in infected mice. These findings suggest that the action of L. alata in treating malaria infections in a murine model is enhanced by prior exposure to the malaria parasite. Thus the requirements of using plants in treating malaria in endemic populations may differ for those used in western systems, where trials are carried out with non-immune cohorts. Combining artemisinin derivatives and medicinal plants in malaria exposed populations may provide an alternative control measure in endemic regions and may justify the continued use of these plants by indigenous populations in treating malaria.
International high finance against the nation?
Authors: Stögner Karin , Bischof Karin 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This article analyses antisemitic elements in the Austrian print media discourse
about the 2008–2010 economic crisis. The relevant discursive statements are
examined in the light of a theoretical understanding of antisemitic discursive
threads as found in the prevalent modes of presentation of the economic and
financial crisis in the media. The first main finding is the broad avoidance of
openly antisemitic stereotypes, with the exception of the Neue Kronen
Zeitung. The second main finding is that structurally antisemitic
discursive elements appear above all where (a) specific groups (“high finance”,
“financial sharks”, “speculators”) are singled out as the main culprits, (b)
these are opposed to a homogeneously constructed “us” (the
“Volk”), and (c) where the formers’ greed is stressed and
where they are accused of harming the people. Here we find nationalistic and
latent antisemitic discourses, the stereotypical contrasting of finance and
production, conspiracy theories and anti-Americanism closely interwoven.
Uric acid and cognitive decline: a double-edge sword?
Authors: Latourte Augustin , Bardin Thomas , Richette Pascal 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of review
This narrative review aims to highlight recent findings on the relation between uric acid level and cognitive decline or dementia.

Recent findings
The antioxidant properties of uric acid, which have supported the hypothesis that uric acid may be neuroprotective, have been questioned by preclinical data. Studies investigating the relation between serum uric acid (SUA) level and Alzheimer disease are mostly cross-sectional, and results are often inconclusive. Similarly, data for an association between uric acid level and cognitive performance are inconsistent. There is some evidence that low SUA level might be associated with Parkinson disease, but studies are limited by methodological heterogeneity and risk of bias. Patients with gout may have decreased risk for Alzheimer disease, but the impact of treatment is unclear. Recent data suggest an increased risk of vascular dementia with high SUA level via increased cerebrovascular burden in older patients. The relation between SUA level and neurologic disorders may be U-shaped.

Summary
We lack strong evidence for an association between low SUA level and cognitive decline over time. Conversely, high SUA level might increase the cerebrovascular burden and the risk of vascular dementia; physicians should continue to treat hyperuricemia when appropriate.
Diurnal Variation of Optical Coherence Tomography Measurements of Static and Dynamic Anterior Segment Parameters
Authors: Xu Benjamin Y. , Penteado Rafaella C. , Weinreb Robert N. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To examine the diurnal variation of static and dynamic anterior segment parameters in young, healthy eyes by comparing anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) measurements obtained in the morning and evening and also in the light and dark.

Methods:
Twenty-two subjects ranging from 19 to 47 years of age with no past ocular history were selected. Imaging was performed with the Tomey CASIA2 AS-OCT device in 2 fixed lighting environments, light and dark, between the hours of 08:30 to 10:00 and 17:30 to 19:00. Four AS-OCT images were analyzed per eye. Pupil diameter (PD), iris area (IA), iris curvature (IC), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens vault (LV), anterior chamber width (ACW), anterior chamber area (ACA), angle opening distance (AOD), angle recess area (ARA), trabecular iris space area (TISA), and trabecular iris angle (TIA) were measured.

Results:
Pupil diameter was similar between the AM and PM groups in the light (P=0.89) and dark (P=0.51). There was no significant difference between AM and PM measurement values for any of the static or dynamic parameters in the light (P>0.39) and dark (P>0.31). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) demonstrated excellent agreement between AM and PM measurement values in the light (ICC>0.81) and dark (ICC>0.93). In addition, there was no significant difference between AM and PM angle opening distance at 500 µm measurement values in the light (P>0.34) and dark (P>0.40) when each of 8 angle sectors was analyzed individually.

Conclusions:
No significant diurnal variation of static or dynamic anterior segment parameter measurements was detected in the light and dark. Diurnal variation of these parameters does not regularly occur in young, healthy eyes.
Comparison of Outcomes of 3-Snip Punctoplasty Versus Simple Punctal Dilatation With Monocanalicular Intubation for Acquired Punctal Stenosis
Authors: Singh Swati , Ali Mohammad Javed , Mohamed Ashik 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate and compare the outcomes of invasive (rectangular 3-snip punctoplasty) versus minimally invasive (punctal dilatation with monocanalicular intubation) treatment modalities for the management of acquired punctal stenosis.

Methods:
A retrospective, comparative, interventional case series was performed on 60 eyes of 36 patients with acquired punctal stenosis. Patients were categorized in 2 groups based on the intervention as 3-snip punctoplasty (group A) and punctal dilatation with monocanalicular intubation (group B). Qualitative and quantitative assessment for epiphora and punctal stenosis grading were performed preoperatively and postoperatively. Patients with associated canalicular and nasolacrimal duct obstructions, congenital punctal disorders, eyelid malpositions, and less than 6 months’ follow up were excluded. Anatomical and functional successes were recorded following stent extubation and at 6-month follow up. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square, Fisher exact, and the Mann–Whitney tests. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:
Ninety-nine puncta of 62 eyes of 36 patients were analyzed. Mean age at presentation was 49 and 50 years in groups A and B, respectively. Bilaterality was noted in 67% (24/36) of the patients. Epiphora was the most common presentation. Involvement of upper punctum was noted in 6% (4/62), lower punctum in 34% (21/62), and both in 60% (35/62) of eyes. At 6-month follow up, the anatomical success rate was 84% (47 out of 56 puncta) in group A, whereas 93% (40 out of 43 puncta) in group B (p = 0.29). At 6-month follow up, restenosis occurred in more number of puncta (n = 9) in group A and only in 3 puncta in group B; however, this was not statistically significant (p = 0.21). No stent-related complications were noted.

Conclusion:
Punctal dilatation with monocanalicular intubation achieves comparable outcomes as that of 3-snip punctoplasty in patients with acquired punctal stenosis.
Loss of Wt1 in the murine spinal cord alters interneuron composition and locomotion
Authors: Schnerwitzki Danny , Perry Sharn , Ivanova Anna , Caixeta Fabio Viegas , Cramer Paul , Günther Sven , Weber Kathrin , Tafreshiha Atieh , Becker Lore , Vargas Panesso Ingrid L. , Klopstock Thomas , de Angelis Martin Hrabe , Schmidt Manuela , Kullander Klas , Englert Christoph 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRhythmic and patterned locomotion is driven by spinal cord neurons that form neuronal circuits, referred to as central pattern generators (CPGs). Recently, dI6 neurons were suggested to participate in the control of locomotion. The dI6 neurons can be subdivided into three populations, one of which expresses theWilms tumor suppressor gene Wt1. However, the role that Wt1 exerts on these cells is not understood. Here, we aimed to identify behavioral changes and cellular alterations in the spinal cord associated withWt1deletion. Locomotion analyses of mice with neuron-specificWt1deletion revealed that these mice ran slower than controls with a decreased stride frequency and an increased stride length. These mice showed changes in their fore-hindlimb coordination, which were accompanied by a loss of contralateral projections in the spinal cord. Neonates withWt1deletion displayed an increase in uncoordinated hindlimb movements and their motor neuron output was arrhythmic with a decreased frequency. The population size of dI6, V0 and V2a neurons in the developing spinal cord of conditionalWt1mutants was significantly altered. These results show that the development of particular dI6 neurons depends onWt1expression and loss ofWt1is associated with alterations in locomotion.
Single-Molecule Peptide Fingerprinting
Authors: van Ginkel Jetty , Filius Mike , Szczepaniak Malwina , Tulinski Pawel , Meyer Anne S. , Joo Chirlmin 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTProteomic analyses provide essential information on molecular pathways of cellular systems and the state of a living organism. Mass spectrometry is currently the first choice for proteomic analysis. However, the requirement for a large amount of sample renders a small-scale proteomics study, such as single-cell analysis, challenging. Here we demonstrate a proof of concept of singlemolecule FRET-based protein fingerprinting. We harnessed the AAA+ protease ClpXP to scan peptides. By using donor fluorophore-labeled ClpP, we sequentially read out FRET signals from acceptor-labeled amino acids of peptides. The repurposed ClpXP exhibits uni-directional processing with high processivity and has the potential to detect low-abundance proteins. Our technique is a promising approach for sequencing protein substrates using a small amount of sample.SIGNIFICANCEProtein sequencing remains a challenge for small samples. A sensitive sequencing technology will create the opportunity for single-cell proteomics and real-time screening for on-site medical diagnostics. In order to resolve protein identity, we previously developed a computational algorithm that analyzes the ordered sequence of only two types of amino acids within a protein species. Through modification of a biological nanomachine, here we developed single-molecule fluorescence technology to linearize protein molecules and to read signals from labeled amino acids in an ordered manner. This proof of concept of singlemolecule fingerprinting will open a new door to single-molecule protein sequencing and pave the road towards the development of a new, fast, and reliable diagnostic tool.
Sniff-invariant intensity perception using olfactory bulb coding of inhalation dynamics
Authors: Jordan Rebecca , Kollo Mihaly , Schaefer Andreas T 
Published: November 2017

SummaryFor stable perception of odor intensity, there must exist a neural correlate that is invariant across other parameters, such as the highly variable sniff cycle. Previous hypotheses suggest that variance in inhalation dynamics alters odor concentration profiles in the naris despite a constant environmental concentration. Using whole cell recordings in the olfactory bulb of awake mice, we directly demonstrate that rapid sniffing mimics the effect of odor concentration increase at the level of both mitral and tufted cell (MTC) firing rate responses and temporal responses. In contrast, we find that mice are capable of discriminating concentrations within short timescales despite highly variable sniffing behavior. We reason that the only way the olfactory system can differentiate between a change in sniffing and a change in concentration is to receive information about the inhalation parameters in parallel with information about the odor. While conceivably this could be achieved via corollary discharge from respiration control centres, we find that the sniff-driven activity of MTCs without odor input is informative of the kind of inhalation that just occurred, allowing rapid detection of a change in inhalation. Thus, a possible reason for sniff modulation of the early olfactory system may be to inform downstream centres of nasal flow dynamics, so that an inference can be made about environmental concentration independent of sniff variance.
Relationship between onboarding experience and turnover intention: intervening role of locus of control and self-efficacy
Authors: Gupta Priya D. , Bhattacharya Sonali , Sheorey Pratima , Coelho Philip 
Published: November 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to find industry wise differences in relationship between onboarding experience (OE) and turnover intention (TI). An attempt has been made to find the intervening role of psychological variables such as locus of control and self-efficacy.Design/methodology/approachAn online questionnaire was administered to 596 newcomers in five industrial sectors: fast-moving consumer goods, information technology (IT), pharmaceuticals, automobile manufacturing, and hospitality. The questionnaire measured the constructs of locus of control, self-efficacy, perceived OE, and TI.FindingsInverse relationship was found between perceived OE and TI. There is a significant positive relationship between motivation-based self-efficacy and TI which is mediated through OE. Affective self-efficacy moderates the impact of OE on TI, such that for individuals with low efficacy the inverse relationship between OE and TI is strong, but for individuals with high self-efficacy the relationship between the two variables is direct. The OE in automobile manufacturing industries is significantly higher than other industries. TI is significantly higher in IT and hospitality industries. Exploratory factor analysis of the instrument on OE led to extraction of four factors. Based on socialization resource theory, they were termed as orientation, socialization, task characteristics and leadership. Aspects of socialization and leadership are most significant factors in determining TI across industrial sectors, whereas in case of the hospitality and automobile manufacturing sector it was found that better the task characteristics higher is the chance of TI.Originality/valueThere are limited studies linking various aspects of OE with TI across industries, especially in the Indian context. So, this will be the unique contribution of this research.
Renal ultrasound and Doppler parameters as markers of renal function and histopathological damage in children with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Sawires Happy , Salah Doaa , Hashem Rania , Ismail Wesam , Salem Amr , Botros Osama , Seif Hadeel 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAimDoppler ultrasonography can be used to assess the progression of vascular (arterial sclerosis) and parenchymal (glomerular sclerosis and crescents) renal damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the significance of some sonographic and Doppler parameters as non‐invasive markers of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal histopathological damage in children.MethodsA cohort of 84 children were enrolled in a case‐control study (42 with CKD stages 2–5 and 42 healthy children). GFR was assessed using new improved equation using serum creatinine and cystatin C. Sonar guided renal specimen was obtained and evaluated for the severity of global sclerosis (GS), segmental sclerosis (SS), tubular atrophy (TA), interstitial fibrosis (IF), arterial sclerosis (AS) and arteriolar hyalinosis (AH). The following sonographic and Doppler parameters were assessed in both patients and control group: resistivity index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), atrophic index (AI), mean renal volume, mean renal density, time average velocity (TAV) and body surface area related volume perfusion (BSARVP).ResultsThere was significant difference in renal density (P < 0.001), RI (P < 0.001), PI (P = 0.021), TAV (P < 0.001) and BSARVP (P < 0.001) between patients and control group. The cutoff value of RI was 63.5% (sensitivity 83% and specificity 64%). Multivariate analysis revealed that renal density and RI were significant predictors of worsening of estimated GFR (eGFR) in CKD patients.ConclusionAny increase in the RI and PI values must arouse alarm to the possibility of advancing renal damage. Moreover, RI and PI could fairly predict the degree of glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis.
Associations Between Residential Proximity to Traffic and Vascular Disease in a Cardiac Catheterization Cohort
Authors: Ward-Caviness Cavin K. , Kraus William E. , Blach Colette , Haynes Carol S. , Dowdy Elaine , Miranda Marie Lynn , Devlin Robert , Diaz-Sanchez David , Cascio Wayne E. , Mukerjee Shaibal , Stallings Casson , Smith Luther A. , Gregory Simon G. , Shah Svati H. , Neas Lucas M. , Hauser Elizabeth R. 
Published: November 2017

Objective—
Exposure to mobile source emissions is nearly ubiquitous in developed nations and is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes. There is an ongoing need to understand the specificity of traffic exposure associations with vascular outcomes, particularly in individuals with cardiovascular disease.

Approach and Results—
We performed a cross-sectional study using 2124 individuals residing in North Carolina, United States, who received a cardiac catheterization at the Duke University Medical Center. Traffic-related exposure was assessed via 2 metrics: (1) the distance between the primary residence and the nearest major roadway; and (2) location of the primary residence in regions defined based on local traffic patterns. We examined 4 cardiovascular disease outcomes: hypertension, peripheral arterial disease, the number of diseased coronary vessels, and recent myocardial infarction. Statistical models were adjusted for race, sex, smoking, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body mass index, hyperlipidemia, and home value. Results are expressed in terms of the odds ratio (OR). A 23% decrease in residential distance to major roadways was associated with higher prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (OR=1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.08–1.55) and hypertension (OR=1.15; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.31). Associations with peripheral arterial disease were strongest in men (OR=1.42; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–1.74) while associations with hypertension were strongest in women (OR=1.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.99–1.49). Neither myocardial infarction nor the number of diseased coronary vessels were associated with traffic exposure.

Conclusions—
Traffic-related exposure is associated with peripheral arterial disease and hypertension while no associations are observed for 2 coronary-specific vascular outcomes.