bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frecuencia de colonización de staphylococcus aureus meticilino - resistente, de enterobacterias y de candida spp. en estetoscopios y teléfonos móviles en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatal
Authors: Hernández Mauricio Andres , Barros Camilo Ernesto , Martínez Nicolas , Olaya Hernando Andrés , Villegas Sonia , Álvarez Carlos Arturo 
Published: February 2016

<p>Objetivo:evaluar el grado de contaminación de dispositivos médicos y teléfonos móviles de uso rutinario en</p><p>unidades de cuidado intensivo neonatales.</p><p>Materiales y metodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional con muestreo por conveniencia. Se cultivó en agar sangre la superficie de 33 teléfonos móviles y 40 estetoscopios mediante barrido con hisopo estéril, cuantificando el grado de colonización por área de superficie de cada fómite. Se determinó la presencia de Staphylococcus aureus meticilino-resistente (SAMR), Candida spp. y Enterobacterias resistentes a cefalosporinas de tercera generación. Adicionalmente se realizó una encuesta a los portadores que buscaba establecer posibles determinantes de la colonización de los fómites.</p><p>Resultados: se encontró un 80% de los estetoscopios contaminados, con una mediana de colonización de 2.58 Unidades Formadoras de Colonias (UFC)/cm2 y un 100% de los teléfonos móviles contaminados con una mediana de 0.401 UFC/cm2. En estetoscopios se aislaron SAMR (n=3) y Enterobacterias resistentes a cefalosporinas de tercera generación (n=2). En teléfonos móviles se aislaron SAMR(n=1), Candida spp(n=1) y Enterobacterias (n=5). La encuesta permitió establecer una tendencia de hábitos de higiene inapropiados sobre el uso de los fómites.</p><p>Conclusiones:el hallazgo de bacterias resistentes en estos fómites los convierte en fuentes potenciales de transmisión cruzada y de brotes de infección intrahospitalaria. Estos resultados deben orientar el desarrollo de protocolos para el uso racional de dispositivos médicos y tecnología portátil dentro de ambientes hospitalarios.</p><p> </p><p>titulo corto: Colonización en fómites en unidades neonatales. Trabajo de investigación original elaborado por el Grupo Microbiología Molecular de la Universidad de la Sabana, residentes de Farmacología de la Universidad de la Sabana y de la Unidad de Infectología de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Javeriana.</p>
La lepra en Colombia: estigma, identidad y resistencia en los siglos XX y XXI
Authors: Botero Jaramillo Natalia , Polo Rivas Daniela , Sinuco Rueda Laura 
Published: February 2016

Este artículo analiza la historia de la lepra o enfermedad de Hansen como un concepto reelaborado a lo largo de la historia por los discursos científicos, políticos, religiosos y por los saberes populares, puesto en relación al problema de la estigmatización. Buscamos realizar un análisis desde la teoría del estigma como un proceso social, que produce el aislamiento, la exclusión, discriminación y rechazo al enfermo y su familia, deteriorando la identidad de los mismos. Encontramos y analizamos cómo se produce en la interacción social la estigmatización, y a su vez, cómo los enfermos reelaboran su identidad, generando una serie de estrategias de afrontamiento y ocultamiento del estigma, estrategias de resistencia con las que reconstruyen su tejido social. Las categorías de análisis de la información fueron percepciones y creencias sobre la enfermedad, relaciones sociales y familiares, construcción de la imagen del enfermo y las metáforas de la enfermedad, actos de discriminación y rechazo, y actos de ocultamiento y afrontamiento del estigma. En este trabajo de carácter cualitativo, analítico y diacrónico, se utilizaron metodologías de investigación cualitativa, consistentes en entrevistas, observación etnográfica, trabajos de memoria y cartografía social, y revisión y análisis de fuentes primarias y secundarias, recolectando información de Colombia, específicamente los municipios de Agua de Dios, Cundinamarca y Contratación, Santander, considerando como marco temporal los siglos XX y XXI.
Does Public Debt Matter For Economic Growth?: Evidence From South Africa
Authors: Baaziz Yosra , Guesmi Khaled , Heller David , Lahiani Amine 
Published: February 2016

This paper investigates the dynamic relationship between accumulated public debt ratio and real GDP growth in the South African economy over the period 1980-2014. Using two macroeconomic control variables – inflation rate and Openness trade – the link between public debt and real GDP growth is found to depend upon the level of indebtedness of the country. Indeed, public debt in South Africa becomes an impediment to economic growth if it crosses the limit of 31.37% of GDP. Our empirical results have therefore important implications for fiscal policymakers in South Africa to foster economic growth in a context of high public debt level.
An Internal Marketing Perspective Within A Recruitment Service Environment In South Africa
Authors: Roberts-Lombard Mornay , Burin Candice , Klopper HB 
Published: February 2016

The primary objective of the study is to determine the influence of internal marketing on the brand image of a recruitment agency brand in South Africa. The perusal of the literature could not identify any direct studies on how the elements of the internal marketing mix of product, price, promotion, distribution, people, processes and physical evidence are ultimately linked to brand image within a recruitment agency environment in South Africa. This raises the question as to whether or not internal marketing has a positive influence on the brand image of recruitment agencies among their clients. Therefore the relationship between internal marketing and brand image needs to be explored, as this relationship could provide a means of reducing employee turnover and enhancing the performance and profitability of recruitment agencies. The population for the study was drawn from all registered recruitment agencies listed under the Association of Personnel Services Organisations (APSO). The selected sample of respondents was surveyed through an online self-administered survey distributed via a link in an email. A total of 1 123 questionnaires were completed. The data was analysed using multivariate regression statistics. The application of an internal marketing approach enables recruitment agencies to minimise employee turnover, aiding these agencies to gain strong brand images that result in higher levels of competitiveness and profitability. Successful internal marketing should have a positive influence on employee attitudes and actions and therefore enhance customer satisfaction. The integration of internal marketing into the organisation’s overall marketing strategy is therefore critical.
Causality And Cointegration Of Currency-Adjusted Stock Indices: Evidence From Close-Of-Day Data
Authors: Jalbert Terrance 
Published: February 2016

<p>A recent line of research develops currency adjusted stock indices. These indices incorporate the effects of both stock value changes and underlying currency value changes to measure wealth changes. This paper extends the extant literature by examining time series properties of currency-adjusted indices. This research examines daily data for eight existing stock indexes and their currency adjusted counterparts for the period 1993-2013. The paper includes cointegration and Granger causality analyses. Results show cointegration between each combination of series examined. About half the pairwise index combinations display bidirectional Granger causality.</p>
The Effect Of Credit Rating Categories On Analysts' Information Environment: Evidence From The Korean Market
Authors: Lee Jaehong , Yoo Youngtae 
Published: February 2016

<p>Credit ratings have been widely utilized for their ability to convey information to investors easily and quickly. Credit ratings agencies have prospered due to their superior positions in the information-gathering process in the business world. However, recent news about grade reversals, abrupt downgrades, and unanticipated bankruptcy suggests that the market value of credit ratings may have been overstated. Hence, in this study, we evaluate the legitimacy of the suggestion that credit rating categories may provide analysts with useful information.</p><p> </p><p>In order to measure the variables in the information environment, we use analyst forecasts. Differences between forecasts in the various rating categories are found to be statistically significant. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of information intensity for ungraded firms with that of other firms demonstrates that overestimates of ungraded firms create problems of the same nature as those in the information environment of firms with speculative grades.</p><p> </p><p>In the inter- and intra-category analyses, various factors determine the transparency of the information environment for firms of investment grade, including accruals quality, conservatism, the interest coverage ratio, and the proportion of intangible assets. However, for less credible firms, such as speculative or ungraded firms, these determinants do not function as expected. We find that the interest coverage ratio may be used to provide detailed differentiation between less credible firms. This paper introduces a new approach to credit rating categories and related strategies, emphasizing the importance of the ability to repay debt.</p>
College English Curriculum Reform in Mainland China: Contexts, Contents and Changes
Authors: Han Jiying , Yin Hongbiao 
Published: February 2016

<p>In China, the latest issued national guideline for college English teaching in 2007 has set a significant agenda for college English teaching and learning in the changed context with enhanced objectives for teaching and learning, decentralised guideline for individual institution, innovated teaching and learning process and evaluation system, and particular concern for teacher professional development. This study starts with a contextual analysis of the implementation of the latest round of college English curriculum reform in mainland China, then presents an overview of the content of the new curriculum, and finally elaborates the changes brought by the reform to various aspects of college English teaching and learning. Implications and directions for future research are indicated in concluding remarks. </p>
Experimental Study of Foam Generation, Sweep Efficiency, and Flow in a Fracture Network
Authors: Fernø M. A. , Gauteplass J.. , Pancharoen M.. , Haugen A.. , Graue A.. , Kovscek A. R. , Hirasaki G.. 
Published: February 2016

Summary
Foam generation for gas mobility reduction in porous media is a well-known method and frequently used in field applications. Application of foam in fractured reservoirs has hitherto not been widely implemented, mainly because foam generation and transport in fractured systems are not clearly understood. In this laboratory work, we experimentally evaluate foam generation in a network of fractures within fractured carbonate slabs. Foam is consistently generated by snap-off in the rough-walled, calcite fracture network during surfactant-alternating-gas (SAG) injection and coinjection of gas and surfactant solution over a range of gas fractional flows. Boundary conditions are systematically changed including gas fractional flow, total flow rate, and liquid rates. Local sweep efficiency is evaluated through visualization of the propagation front and compared for pure gas injection, SAG injection, and coinjection. Foam as a mobility-control agent resulted in significantly improved areal sweep and delayed gas breakthrough. Gas-mobility reduction factors varied from approximately 200 to more than 1,000, consistent with observations of improved areal sweep. A shear-thinning foam flow behavior was observed in the fracture networks over a range of gas fractional flows.
Characterizing, Designing, and Selecting Metal Mesh Screens for Standalone-Screen Applications
Authors: Mondal Somnath , Wu Chu-Hsiang , Sharma Mukul M. , Chanpura Rajesh A. , Parlar Mehmet , Ayoub Joseph A. 
Published: February 2016

Summary
Discrete-element-method (DEM) simulations were shown to be useable for selecting screens with simple geometries (e.g., wire-wrap screens) under prepack test conditions (Mondal et al. 2011). Metal mesh screens (MMSs) (commonly referred to as premium screens) can have multiple (sometimes sintered) layers with different weave patterns. Any model for estimating sand production in such screens must account for these complexities. The objective of this paper is to explore different techniques to create accurate representations of complex filter media and to use them in numerical simulations and/or analytical models for improved screen selection.
In this paper, we used computed-tomography (CT) images of real-screen coupons to construct 3D replicas of two MMS types: plain square mesh (PSM) and plain Dutch weave (PDW). An entirely computer-based method of creating 3D screen assemblies is also presented. These virtual screens were compared and validated against those generated from the CT images. We conducted DEM simulations of prepack tests through these multilayer MMS assemblies. The retention efficiency of MMSs for different particle sizes was also calculated for better slurry-test modeling. We quantitatively showed that the effective size of MMS assemblies can be significantly lower than the nominal rating of the filter layer.
This paper augments the prepack-test and slurry-test models for mesh-type screens presented earlier (Mondal et al. 2012; Chanpura et al. 2013). Determination of the retention efficiency of MMSs, which is currently characterized by a single filter-cut point, is also a step forward in quality assurance and quality control of these screens. Finally, we demonstrate that one can conduct in-depth screen design and optimization studies with virtual meshes in a consistent way and at a fraction of the cost and time that would be required otherwise by use of conventional experimental techniques.
An Experimental Investigation of Viscous-Oil Recovery Efficiency as a Function of Voidage-Replacement Ratio
Authors: Kim Tae Wook , Vittoratos E.. , Kovscek A. R. 
Published: February 2016

Summary
Recovery processes with a voidage-replacement ratio (VRR) (VRR = injected volume/produced volume) of unity rely solely on viscous forces to displace oil, whereas a VRR of zero relies on solution-gas drive. Activating a solution-gas-drive mechanism in combination with waterflooding with periods of VRR less than unity (VRR &lt; 1) may be optimal for recovery. Laboratory evidence suggests that recovery for VRR &lt; 1 is enhanced by emulsion flow and foamy (i.e., bubbly) crude oil at pressures under bubblepoint for some crude oils. This paper investigates the effect of VRR for two crude oils referred to as A1 (88 cp and 6.2 wt% asphaltene) and A2 (600 cp and 2.5 wt% asphaltene) in a sandpack system (18-in. length and 2-in. diameter). The crude oils are characterized with viscosity, asphaltene fraction, and acid/base numbers. A high-pressure experimental sandpack system (1 darcy and Swi = 0) was used to conduct experiments with VRRs of 1.0, 0.7, and 0 for both oils. During waterflood experiments, we controlled and monitored the rate of fluid injection and production to obtain well-characterized VRR. On the basis of the production ratio of fluids, the gas/oil and /water relative permeabilities were estimated under two-phase-flow conditions. For a VRR of zero, the gas relative permeability of both oils exhibited extremely low values (10−6−10−4) caused by internal gas drive. Waterfloods with VRR &lt; 1 displayed encouraging recovery results. In particular, the final oil recovery with VRR = 0.7 [66.2% original oil in place (OOIP)] is more than 15% greater than that with VRR = 1 (55.6% OOIP) with A1 crude oil. Recovery for A2 with VRR = 0.7 (60.5% OOIP) was identical to the sum of oil recovery for solution-gas drive (19.1% OOIP) plus waterflooding (40.1% OOIP). An in-line viewing cell permitted inspection of produced fluid morphology. For A1 and VRR = 0.7, produced oil was emulsified, and gas was dispersed as bubbles, as expected for a foamy oil. For A2 and VRR &lt; 1, foamy oil was not clearly observed in the viewing cell. In all cases, the water cut of VRR = 1 is clearly greater than that of VRR = 0.7. Finally, three-phase relative permeability was explored on the basis of the experimentally determined two-phase oil/water and liquid/gas relative permeability curves. Well-known algorithms for three-phase relative permeability, however, did not result in good history matches to the experimental data. Numerical simulations matched the experimental recovery vs. production time acceptably after modification of the measured krg and krow relationships. A concave shape for oil relative permeability that is suggestive of emulsified oil in situ was noted for both systems. The degree of agreement with experimental data is sensitive to the details of gas (gas/oil system) and oil (oil/water system) mobility.
Effect of Capillary Condensation on Gas Transport in Shale: A Pore-Scale Model Study
Authors: Bui Binh T. , Liu Hui-Hai , Chen Jinhong , Tutuncu Azra N. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe condensation of the gas inside nanopores at pressures lower than the dewpoint pressure, or capillary condensation, is an important physical phenomenon affecting the gas flow/transport process in shale. This work investigates the underlying transport mechanism and governing factors for the gas transport at a pore scale associated with capillary condensation. We numerically simulate and compare the gas-transport process within pores for two cases, with and without capillary condensation, while Knudsen diffusion, wall slippage, and phase transition are included in the numerical model. In each case, the simulations are performed for two pore geometries corresponding to a single pore and two parallel-connected pores. The main objective is to determine whether capillary condensation blocks or enhances gas transport during production. The results show that the presence of the liquid phase in the pore throat initially enhances the gas flow rate to the outlet of the pore, but significantly reduces it later. This blockage depends on pore geometry and the properties of the oil and gas phases. The relatively low mobility of the condensed liquid in the pore throat is the main factor that reduces the mass transport along the pore. The reduction of overall mass transport in a single pore is more significant than that for the parallel pore geometry. Implications of this work for predicting large-scale gas transport in shale are also discussed.
The Effect of Intravitreal Azithromycin on the Albino Newborn Rabbit Retina
Authors: Cam Duygu , Saatci Ali Osman , Micili Serap Cilaker , Ergur Bekir Ugur , Karabag Revan Yildirim , Durak Ismet , Berk Ayse Tulin 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the effect of intravitreal azithromycin on the retina in a newborn rabbit model.

Methods:

Twelve, two-week old New Zealand albino rabbits were divided into two groups (six in each). The right eyes of six rabbits received 0.75 mg (0.05 mL) azithromycin and the right eyes of the remaining six rabbits 1.5 mg (0.1 mL) azithromycin intravitreally. Left eyes were served as the control and received the same volume of saline. All eyes were enucleated at the third postinjection week. Retinal histology was examined by light microscopy. Apoptosis of the retinal cells was further evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 and in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotin-deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) of DNA fragments.

Results:

Light microscopy demonstrated no retinal abnormalities in all eyes. However, retinal nuclear DNA fragmentation was evident in both study groups (33.6% with 1.5 mg and 21.4% with 0.75 mg azithromycin) with the TUNEL method. TUNEL staining ratio was statistically higher only in the second group treated with 1.5 mg azithromycin when compared to the control group (p=0.01 Mann Whitney U test). The ratio of caspase-3 positive cells in the two study groups was 21.5% and 20.2%, respectively. Caspase-3 staining ratio was statistically higher in both study groups when compared to the control eyes (p=0.00, p=0.00 respectively). The difference of TUNEL staining ratio between the two study groups was statistically significant (p=0.028), but there were no statistically significant differences in the two study groups by caspase-3 staining (p=0.247).

Conclusion:
In newborn rabbits, intravitreal azithromycin injection resulted in an apoptotic activity in the photoreceptor, bipolar and ganglion cells. Immunohistochemical analysis suggested that doses of 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg azithromycin, administered intravitreally might be toxic to the newborn rabbit retina.
Depression with Somatic Symptoms in Patients Attending Psychiatry OPD of Nepalgunj Medical College
Authors: Belbase Mohan , Adhikari J. , Khan T.A. , Jalan R.K. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Depression is the most common mental health problem but its presentation may not be the same all the time. Presentation of depression in the form of somatic symptoms makes it difficult to identify by untrained eyes which needs detailed investigations before labeling them as having a psychiatric problems. Methods: This is a descriptive study done in patients attending psychiatry OPD of Nepalgunj Medical College, Kohalpur, for six months from the month of May to October 2014. Results: Out of the 240 study subjects, the most common age group is 21-30 years, 90(37.5%), followed by 11-20 years, 50(20.83%). Among the physical symptoms, Generalized weakness 145(29.84%), loss of appetite 106(21.81%), vague pain (joint/abdomen) 84(17.28%), headache 80(16.46%), burning and tingling sensation 71(14.61%).Conclusions: Depression is a common psychiatric entity but may present in the form of physical symptoms. The commonest being generalized weakness 145(29.84%), followed by loss of appetite 106(21.81%).JNGMC Vol. 12 No. 2 December 2014, Page: 17-19
Le mithraeum de Biesheim-Kunheim (Haut-Rhin)
Authors: Kern E. 
Published: February 2016

De modelopgravingen tussen 1976 en 1979 hebben het belang van de galloromeinse vicus tussen Bies- cheim en Kunheim (Haut-Rhin) aan het licht gebracht. Men kan hem voortaan beschouwen als een belan- grijke plaats op de Itineraria, misschien Argentovaria. Het Mithraeum lag in het oosten van de agglomera- tie, voor zover die gekend is, en was noord-zuid georienteerd.
Het heiligdom bestond uit een spelaeum en een apparatorium onder een dak. Naderhand werd een pro- naos tegen de gevel aangebouwd. Via twee treden daalde men af in het apparatorium ; een doorgang in asrichting veerde naar het spelaeum, waar de gemetselde zijbanken licht naar de muur toe overhelden. Enkele fragmenten in oolithische kalksteen afkomstig van een Mithrasrelief dat in de exedra in de muur naar het noorden aangebracht was, werden in het afbraakmateriaal teruggevonden, met andere stukken skulptuur, een krater met krullen in zegelaarde en verschilende keramiekvazen met Mithrastaferelen. Eve- nals in andere mithraca in de streek-Mackwiller en Sarrebourg — heeft men hier veel geldstukken gevon- den, met als terminus postquem de tijd van de verwoesting van het heiligdom helemaal op het einde van de 4de eeuw.
Bij récente opgravingen heeft men niet ver van het mithraeum van Straatsburg-Koenigshoffen in een gedempte waterput een fragment van een relief gevonden met Jupiter Dolichenus, Nike en twee stieren.