bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble Egg Antigen Activates M2 Macrophages via the STAT6 and PI3K Pathways, and Schistosoma Japonicum Alternatively Activates Macrophage Polarization to Improve the Survival Rate of Septic Mice
Authors: Tang Hao , Liang Yan‐bing , Chen Zhi‐bin , Du Lin‐lin , Zeng Li‐jin , Wu Jing‐guo , Yang Wen , Liang Hua‐ping , Ma Zhong‐fu 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTSepsis is one of the most challenging health problems worldwide. Our previous study showed that chronic schistosoma japonica (SJ) infection might increase serum anti‐inflammatory factors to play a protective role, thus improving the survival rate of septic mice. Further research revealed that SJ infection promoted J774A.1 macrophage differentiation into M2 macrophages; suppressed LPS‐induced activation of M1 macrophages; up‐regulated CD163, IL‐10, and TGF‐β1 expression; inhibited TNF‐α and iNOS expression; and blocked the effect of LPS‐promoted TNF‐α and iNOS expression. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of ex vivo programed M2 macrophages significantly increased the survival rate of septic mice. In vitro studies suggested that soluble egg antigen (SEA) from SJ played the same role as worm infection but had no impact on M1 macrophages. SEA reduced LPS‐induced TNF‐α and iNOS expression, decreased the inhibitory effect of LPS on IL‐10 and TGF‐β1 expression, increased STAT6 phosphorylation, and up‐regulated PI3K and Akt expression but inhibited SOCS1 expression. When PI3K inhibitors were added, SEA‐induced expression of CD163, IL‐10, and arg1 might be reduced. Therefore, worm infection has a protective effect in septic mice in which SEA may play a key role via the STAT6 and PI3K pathways. This finding may provide a favorable solution for the treatment of sepsis, especially early cases. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4230–4239, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intermolecular Interactions Between DMα and DMβ Proteins in BuLA‐DM Complex of Water Buffalo Bubalus bubalis
Authors: Rawal Leena , Panwar Deepak , Ali Sher 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe major histocompatibility complex (MHC) with its three classes represents a cluster of tightly linked genes with defined immunological and non‐immunological functions. The DM, a MHC class II molecule is formed by the non‐covalent association of DMα and DMβ chains. It binds with the processed peptide antigens and presents them to T lymphocytes, thereby triggering the immune responses. Startlingly, the expression pattern and structural organization of DMα and DMβ proteins in buffalo remains undefined. We isolated and purified the DMα and DMβ proteins from Bubalus bubalis using gel filtration chromatography. Employing western blotting and immunohistochemistry, highest expression of these proteins was observed in spleen and were later localized in the cytoplasm. We modelled 3D structures of the proteins and assessed the binding interface of BuLA‐DM docked complex. In the process, we uncovered 9 DMα and 8 DMβ specific residues participating in the formation of BuLA‐DM complex. Our work demonstrated active participation of the critical amino acid residues engaged in the formation of BuLA‐DM complex facilitating deeper understanding on the structure‐function relationship of these proteins. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 4254–4266, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differential expression profile analysis of PSTK‐regulated mRNAs in podocytes
Authors: Zheng Dong , Zhao Ying , Liu Limin , Sun Xiaodong , Xia Yiyuan , Sun Lina , Xie Keming 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the protective effects of phosphoseryl‐tRNA kinase (PSTK) against cisplatin‐induced podocyte injury. PSTK overexpression and knockdown vectors were generated and transfected into murine podocyte cells‐5. PSTK levels were measured, and transcriptome sequencing was conducted. Differential expression analysis was performed to identify messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that were positively and negatively correlated with PSTK. We selected 10 candidate genes identified via real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis for further analysis. As expected, PSTK levels were significantly higher in PSTK‐overexpressing podocytes and significantly lower in PSTK‐knockdown podocytes. PSTK overexpression resulted in the upregulation of 122 genes and downregulation of 372 genes in podocytes. On the other hand, PSTK knockdown resulted in the upregulation of 231 genes and downregulation of 445 genes. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that 11 genes were positively correlated with PSTK, whereas 20 genes were negatively correlated with PSTK. The obtained PSTK‐regulated genes were primarily involved in molecular function, biological process, and cellular component, as well as the angiogenesis pathway. The Wnt family member 10A levels were significantly higher after PSTK overexpression, but were significantly lower after PSTK knockdown. In addition, Na+/K+ ATPase subunit α‐2 and matrix metalloproteinase 9 levels were significantly downregulated after PSTK overexpression, but significantly upregulated upon PSTK knockdown. Cell proliferation was significantly increased upon PSTK overexpression, but significantly decreased upon PSTK suppression. The results of this study not only identified several significant PSTK‐regulated genes for further validation, but also provided insights into the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of PSTK on podocytes.
Associations Among Meaning in Life, Body Image, Psychopathology, and Suicide Ideation in Spanish Participants With Eating Disorders
Authors: Marco José H. , Cañabate Montserrat , Pérez Sandra , Llorca Ginés 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveThe aims of this study were to (a) analyze whether participants with eating disorders have lower meaning in life than the nonclinical population; (b) discover whether participants with eating disorders with low meaning in life have more body image disturbances, more psychopathology, and higher suicide ideation than participants with high meaning in life; (c) analyze whether meaning in life is associated with eating disorder psychopathology; and (d) analyze whether meaning in life is able to predict eating disorder psychopathology and suicide ideation, when body image is controlled.MethodThe clinical sample comprised 247 Spanish participants diagnosed with eating disorders, and the nonclinical sample comprised Spanish 227 participants.ResultsParticipants with eating disorders had lower meaning in life than the nonclinical population. Patients with low meaning in life had higher psychopathology and suicide ideation than participants with high meaning in life. Meaning in life was a significant predictor of the eating disorder psychopathology and suicide ideation.ConclusionLow meaning in life is associated with eating disorder psychopathology in a Spanish sample with eating disorders.
Sonographic diagnosis of a radiographically occult displaced fracture of a costal cartilage
Authors: Bortolotto Chandra , Federici Egisto , Draghi Ferdinando , Bianchi Stefano 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTWe report the case of a 22‐year‐old athlete who sustained a blunt thoracic trauma to the right chest causing a costal cartilage fracture. Plain radiographs revealed no abnormalities while sonographic (US) examination performed a week later because of persistent pain led to the diagnosis of a displaced fracture of the right tenth costal cartilage. A follow‐up US examination confirmed the healing of the fracture and allowed the patient to return to competitive sport activity. We recommend the use of US in patients with persisting pain after thoracic trauma with negative plain radiographs of the ribs to rule out radiographically occult costal cartilage fractures. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:605–607, 2017
Transvaginal sonography in the diagnosis of deep infiltrating endometriosis: A review
Authors: Turocy Jenna M. , Benacerraf Beryl R. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThis review summarizes the current evidence regarding the diagnostic accuracy of sonography (US) in women with deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). It is well known that transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) can detect ovarian endometriomas with a high degree of sensitivity. In recent years, US has also been used to detect DIE. In the hands of an experienced sonologist, the sensitivity and specificity of TVUS in the detection of DIE is comparable to those of MRI. TVUS can eliminate the need for an MRI in the majority of patients and reduce the need for diagnostic laparoscopy, proving to be an important tool in preoperative planning. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:313–318, 2017;
Optimal treatment strategy for acute cholecystitis based on predictive factors: Japan‐Taiwan multicenter cohort study
Authors: Endo Itaru , Takada Tadahiro , Hwang Tsann‐Long , Akazawa Kohei , Mori Rintaro , Miura Fumihiko , Yokoe Masamichi , Itoi Takao , Gomi Harumi , Chen Miin‐Fu , Jan Yi‐Yin , Ker Chen‐Guo , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Kiriyama Seiki , Wada Keita , Yamaue Hiroki , Miyazaki Masaru , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough early laparoscopic cholecystectomy is widely performed for acute cholecystitis, the optimal timing of a cholecystectomy in clinically ill patients remains controversial. This study aims to determine the best practice for the patients presenting with acute cholecystitis focused on disease severity and comorbidities.MethodsAn international multicentric retrospective observational study was conducted over a 2‐year period. Patients were divided into four groups: Group A: primary cholecystectomy; Group B: cholecystectomy after gallbladder drainage; Group C: gallbladder drainage alone; and Group D: medical treatment alone.ResultsThe subjects of analyses were 5,329 patients. There were statistically significant differences in mortality rates between patients with Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) scores below and above 6 (P < 0.001). The shortest operative time was observed in Group A patients who underwent surgery 0–3 days after admission (P < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed CCI and low body mass index <20 as predictive factors of 30‐day mortality in Grade I+II patients. Also, jaundice, neurological dysfunction, and respiratory dysfunction were predictive factors of 30‐day mortality in Grade III patients. In Grade III patients without predictive factors, there were no difference in mortality between Group A and Group B (0% vs. 0%), whereas Group A patients had higher mortality rates than that of Group B patients (9.3% vs. 0.0%) in cases with at least one predictive factor.ConclusionEven patients with Grade III severity, primary cholecystectomy can be performed safely if they have no predictive factors of mortality. Gallbladder drainage may have a therapeutic role in subgroups with higher CCI or higher disease severity.
Validation of TG13 severity grading in acute cholecystitis: Japan‐Taiwan collaborative study for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Yokoe Masamichi , Takada Tadahiro , Hwang Tsann‐Long , Endo Itaru , Akazawa Kohei , Miura Fumihiko , Mayumi Toshihiko , Mori Rintaro , Chen Miin‐Fu , Jan Yi‐Yin , Ker Chen‐Guo , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Itoi Takao , Gomi Harumi , Kiriyama Seiki , Wada Keita , Yamaue Hiroki , Miyazaki Masaru , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe collaborative multicenter retrospective study of acute cholecystitis (AC) was performed in Japan and Taiwan. The aim for this study was evaluation of the clinical value of TG13 severity grading for AC.MethodThe study was designed as an international multicenter retrospective study of AC from 2011 to 2013. Based on the data, we investigated the TG13 severity grading by analyzing the correlations between grade and prognosis, surgical procedures, histopathology, and organ dysfunction and prognosis.ResultsAn investigation revealed that 30‐day overall mortality rate was 1.1% for Grade I, 0.8% for Grade II, 5.4% for Grade III. The mortality rate for Grade III was significantly higher than lower grades (P < 0.001). The greater the number of organ dysfunction, the higher the mortality rate (P < 0.001). However, the mortality rate varied depending on the number of organ dysfunction (3.1–25%). With respect to the surgical procedures, laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed for Grade I patients (P < 0.001), and the higher the grade, the more likely open surgery would be selected (P < 0.001).ConclusionTG13 severity grading criteria for AC are providing great benefits in actual clinical settings. From this study, the position of each severity grade was obviously confirmed.
Clinical application and verification of the TG13 diagnostic and severity grading criteria for acute cholangitis: an international multicenter observational study
Authors: Kiriyama Seiki , Takada Tadahiro , Hwang Tsann‐Long , Akazawa Kohei , Miura Fumihiko , Gomi Harumi , Mori Rintaro , Endo Itaru , Itoi Takao , Yokoe Masamichi , Chen Miin‐Fu , Jan Yi‐Yin , Ker Chen‐Guo , Wang Hsiu‐Po , Wada Keita , Yamaue Hiroki , Miyazaki Masaru , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Tokyo Guidelines 2007 (TG07) first presented the diagnostic and severity grading criteria for acute cholangitis. Subsequently updated in 2013, the Tokyo Guidelines (TG13) have been widely adopted throughout the world as global standard guidelines. We set out to verify the efficacy of these TG13 criteria in an international multicenter study.MethodsWe reviewed 6,063 patients who were clinically diagnosed with acute cholangitis in Japan and Taiwan over a 2‐year period. The TG13 diagnostic and severity grading criteria were retrospectively applied, and 30‐day mortality was investigated.ResultsA diagnosis of acute cholangitis was made in 5,454 (90.0%) patients on the basis of the TG13 criteria, and in 4,815 (79.4%) patients on the basis of the TG07 criteria. The 30‐day mortality rates of patients with Grade III, Grade II, and Grade I were 5.1%, 2.6%, and 1.2%, respectively, and increased significantly along with disease severity. The mortality rate in the 1,272 Grade II cases where urgent or early biliary drainage was performed was 2.0% (n = 25), which was significantly lower than that of 3.7% (n = 28) in the other 748 cases.ConclusionBy using the TG13 diagnostic and severity grading criteria, more patients with possible acute cholangitis can be diagnosed, and patients whose prognosis can potentially be improved by early biliary drainage can be identified. The TG13 criteria are appropriate and useful for clinical practice.
Improved electromagnetic models with saliency effect, a novel canned switched reluctance machine drive as example
Authors: Yu Qiang , Wang Xuesong , Cheng Yuhu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA canned electrical machine is featured by having a can shield in air gap as partition. Considerable ohmic loss generated from the can (can loss) is the most highlighted feature. In this paper, an analytical electromagnetic model is proposed to analyze can loss. The model is divided into calculation of magnetic vector potential and modeling of magnetic saturation. In particular, the loss influenced by salient poles is discussed. The studied canned machine is a 3‐phase 12/8 switched reluctance machine as a pump drive. It is stressed that we do not judge and discuss performance of the machine developed but propose a modeling approach to improve the loss calculation approach. The developed method has been validated with simulation and experiments. The model gives accurate calculation of losses for electrical machines of high magnetic saturation effect.
Uncertainty assessment for climate change impact on intense precipitation: how many model runs do we need?
Authors: Hosseinzadehtalaei Parisa , Tabari Hossein , Willems Patrick 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTPrecipitation projections are typically obtained from general circulation model (GCM) outputs under different future scenarios, then downscaled for hydrological applications to a watershed or site‐specific scale. However, uncertainties in projections are known to be present and need to be quantified. Although GCMs are commonly considered the major contributor of uncertainty for hydrological impact assessment of climate change, other uncertainty sources must be taken into account for a thorough understanding of the hydrological impact. This study investigates uncertainties related to GCMs, GCM initial conditions and representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and their sensitivity to the selection of GCM runs in order to quantify the impact of climate change on extreme precipitation and intensity/duration/frequency statistics. The results from a large ensemble of 140 CMIP5 GCM runs including 15 GCMs, 3–10 GCM initial conditions and 4 RCPs are analysed. Albeit the choice of GCM is the major contributor (up to 65% for some cases) to intense precipitation change uncertainty for all return periods (1 year, 10 years) and aggregation levels (1‐, 5‐, 10‐, 15‐ and 30‐day), uncertainties related to the GCM initial conditions and RCPs of up to 38 and 23%, respectively, are found in some cases. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the GCM, RCP and GCM initial condition uncertainties are greatly influenced by the set of climate model runs considered, especially for more extreme precipitation at finer time scales.
High‐pressure Raman spectroscopy of Ca(Mg,Co)Si2O6 and Ca(Mg,Co)Ge2O6 clinopyroxenes
Authors: Tribaudino M. , Aliatis I. , Bersani D. , Gatta G. D. , Lambruschi E. , Mantovani L. , Redhammer G. , Lottici P. P. 
Published: April 2017

In situ high‐pressure Raman spectra were collected on four pyroxenes, with composition CaCoSi2O6, CaMgSi2O6, CaCoGe2O6 and CaMgGe2O6, up to P = 7.6 and 8.3 GPa for silicates and germanates, respectively. The peak wavenumbers υi increase almost linearly with pressure; the slope dυi/dP is more pronounced for the modes at higher wavenumbers, and higher in germanates than in silicates. No phase transition or change in the compressional behaviour was observed within the investigated P‐range. The strong dependence of the peak position with pressure of the high energy stretching modes is due to the high sensitivity of the vibrational frequencies probed by Raman spectroscopy to subtle changes in the tetrahedral deformation, which are overlooked by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Individual heterogeneity and effects of harvest on greater sage‐grouse populations
Authors: Caudill Danny , Guttery Michael R. , Terhune Theron M. , Martin James A. , Caudill Gretchen , Dahlgren David K. , Messmer Terry A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe influence of harvest on wild populations has been the focus of substantial debate, and has widespread implications for the management of wild populations. Traditional views of harvest are based on density‐dependent responses of populations to harvest. However, alternate mechanisms can and do induce compensation (e.g., individual heterogeneity). Selective harvest of successful females and their offspring is thought to occur in some grouse populations (e.g., blue grouse [Dendragapus spp.], greater sage‐grouse [Centrocercus urophasianus]), and delaying harvest within a season has been proposed as a viable strategy to overcome this type of selective harvest. However, a recent examination regarding the effects of harvest on greater sage‐grouse strongly criticized the recommendation of delayed harvest. Herein, we address the criticism of the delayed harvest strategy and provide an examination of projecting the effects of harvest in the face of individual heterogeneity using deterministic projection models. We demonstrate that under proportional harvesting strategies, given a fixed harvest rate, early additive harvest does not have a larger effect on the population than additive harvest later in the season. Moreover, we show that when higher quality individuals (i.e., individuals with higher survival and reproductive rates) are more susceptible to harvest, individual heterogeneity in harvest effects will induce depensatory dynamics when density‐dependent effects are only additive. Conversely, even when density‐dependent effects are additive, if lower quality individuals are more susceptible to harvest, heterogeneity will induce partial compensation. Reducing the selectivity of harvest on higher quality individuals (i.e., shifting harvest onto lower quality groups) could reduce the risk of artificial selection and induce partial compensation. Therefore, we recommend managers consider the spatiotemporal patterns of populations and time harvest to maximize the heterogeneity tradeoff between higher and lower quality individuals. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Positional Tremor and its Treatment
Authors: Schaefer Sara M. , Hallett Mark , Karp Barbara P. , DiCapua Daniel B. , Tinaz Sule 
Published: April 2017

AbstractView Supplementary Video 1View Supplementary Video 2Background: Positional tremors arise when a patient's tremor is brought on during specific positioning of the involved body part. They can be distinguished from postural tremor, wherein a patient's tremor is elicited in any posture, and from task‐specific tremor, wherein a patient's tremor occurs only during a certain task. Cases: We describe 2 cases of positional tremor that were markedly improved with botulinum toxin injection. Discussion: The term “positional” is a valuable descriptor for tremors. In patients with positional tremor, botulinum toxin may be beneficial for treatment. Lidocaine injection provides a transient way to test for the appropriateness of botulinum toxin injection in these patients.
Genetic Identification in Early Onset Parkinsonism among Norwegian Patients
Authors: Gustavsson Emil K. , Trinh Joanne , McKenzie Marna , Bortnick Stephanie , Petersen Maria Skaalum , Farrer Matthew J. , Aasly Jan O. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAn initial diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is challenging, especially in patients who have early onset and atypical disease. A genetic etiology for parkinsonism, when established, ends that diagnostic odyssey and may inform prognosis and therapy. The objective of this study was to elucidate the genetic etiology of parkinsonism in patients with early onset disease (age at onset <45 years).MethodsWhole‐exome sequencing, copy number variability, and short tandem repeat analyses were performed. The analyses were focused on genes previously implicated in parkinsonism and dystonia in patients with early onset parkinsonism. Genotype‐phenotype correlations were assessed using regression models.ResultsThe patient cohort was characterized by early onset, slowly progressive parkinsonism with a mean age at onset of 39.2 ± 5.0 years (n = 108). By 10 years of disease duration, the mean Hoehn & Yahr stage was 2.6 ± 0.8, the mean Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, part III (motor part) score was 24.9 ± 12.1 (n = 83), and 30 patients were cognitively impaired at the last examination (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score ≤ 26). Ten patients with typical early onset PD harbored homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations phosphatase and tensin homolog‐induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) (n = 4), parkin (PRKN) (n = 3), or the leucine‐rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) c.6055 G to A transition (n = 3). In addition, 5 patients with more atypical disease were compound heterozygotes for the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) (n = 3) 1 was heterozygous for solute carrier family 2, member 1 (SLC2A1) and another carried a novel ataxin 2 (ATXN2) exon 1 duplication. In most patients, the cumulative mutational burden did not appear to contribute to age at onset or progressionConclusionIn this clinical series, 15 patients (14%) carried mutations that were linked to monogenic parkinsonism. GBA carriers were most likely to suffer an earlier cognitive demise. Nevertheless, the etiology for most patients with early onset PD remains to be determined.