bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Masculinization on tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) by natural hormone steroid agent from bee resin through artificial diet
Authors: Soelistyowati Dinar Tri , Sudrajat Agus Oman , Arfah Harton 
Published: February 2017

<p>Masculinization on tilapia ( Oreochromis sp.) has been done with approach of natural hormone steroid agent from bee resin through artificial diet before sexual differentiation. This research aim to increase male sex ratio and production performance. Treatment of bee resin dose is 0.6; 1.2; 1.8; 2.4; 3.0 feed ml/kg compared to Control (0 ml/kg diet) were given during 28 days at larva age 7 day in aquarium, then transferred to the farm ground until age 12 weeks. Average of masculine phenotype percentage increased significantly (P<0,05) from 62.9±3.9% to 69.7±5.5% versus 50.0±9.0% (Control), whether the growth rate ranged from 2.5-2.8 versus 2.7 (Control) and feed efficiency were 0.9-1.1. Bee resin mixing through artificial diet increased masculine sex ratio effective at the range of dose 0.6-3.0 feed ml/kg with the survival rate of 55.9-62.6% versus 73.0% (Control).<br /><br />Keywords: bee resin, masculinization, masculine sex ratio, Oreochromis sp.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRAK<br /></strong><br />Maskulinisasi pada ikan nila (Oreochromis sp.) telah dilakukan dengan pendekatan hormonal menggunakan bahan aktif steroid alami yang berasal dari resin lebah melalui pakan buatan sebelum diferensiasi kelamin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan meliputi kelangsungan hidup, nisbah kelamin jantan, laju pertambahan bobot, dan konversi pakan (FCR). Perlakuan yang diuji terdiri dari 5 dosis resin lebah (0,6; 1,2; 1,8; 2,4; 3,0 mL/kg pakan) dan Kontrol, diberikan selama 28 hari pada larva berumur 7 hari di akuarium, kemudian ikan dipelihara di kolam tanah sampai umur 12 minggu. Rata-rata persentase fenotipe jantan meningkat secara nyata (P<0,05) dengan kisaran 62,9±3,9 % sampai 69,7±5,5 % dibandingkan kontrol (50,0±9,0%). Laju pertumbuhan paska perlakuan dengan resin lebah berkisar antara 2,5-2,8 versus 2,7 (kontrol) dengan FCR berkisar antara 0,9-1,1. Pemberian resin lebah melalui pencampuran dalam pakan buatan efektif meningkatkan nisbah kelamin jantan dengan kelangsungan hidup berkisar antara 55,9-62,6 % versus 73,0% (kontrol) . <br /><br />Kata kunci: Oreochromis sp, maskulinisasi, nisbah kelamin jantan, resin lebah.<br /></p>
Infection control of Aeromonas hydrophila in catfish (Clarias sp.) using mixture of meniran Phyllanthus niruri and garlic Allium sativum in feed
Authors: Wahjuningrum Dinamella , Solikhah Eka Hidayatus , Budiardi Tatag , Setiawati Mia 
Published: February 2017

<p><em>Motile aeromonad septicaemia </em>(MAS) is caused by the bacterium <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. The use of plant (natural materials) such as meniran and garlic can be as an alternative way to inhibit the activity of <em>A. hydrophila</em> by their active substances which have potency as an antibacterial and immunostimulant. The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of using a mixture of meniran and garlic in feed to control of <em>A. hydrophila</em> in catfish. There were split in two kind of doses namely, preventive (garlic:meniran=5 ppt:20 ppt) and curative (garlic:meniran=10 ppt:40 ppt). The preventive treatment was given for two weeks before challenging test. The curative treatment was performed on 2<sup>th</sup>-8<sup>th</sup> day after challenging test. Challenging test was carried out by intramuscularly injecting of 0,1 mL <em>A</em>. <em>hydrophila </em>(10<sup>8</sup>cfu/ml) into the fish. The results indicated that preventive treatment with a mixture of extracts 5 ppt meniran and 20 ppt garlic was more effective in preventing infection of <em>A. hydrophila</em> than curative treatment.</p> <p> </p><p>Keywords: <em>Phyllanthus</em><em> niruri, Allium sativum</em>, catfish, <em>Aeromonas</em><em> hydrophila</em>.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRAK</strong></p> <p><strong> </strong>Penyakit MAS (<em>motile aeromonad septicaemia</em>) disebabkan oleh bakteri <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>. Bahan alami seperti meniran dan bawang putih dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif untuk menghambat aktivitas bakteri ini. Zat aktif yang dimiliki bahan ini berpotensi sebagai antibakteri dan immunostimulan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan campuran meniran dan bawang putih dalam pakan untuk pengendalian penyakit MAS pada ikan lele. Perlakuan dibagi menjadi dua dosis, yaitu pencegahan (bawang putih:meniran=5 ppt:20 ppt) dan pengobatan (bawang putih:meniran=10 ppt:40 ppt). Perlakuan pencegahan diberikan selama seminggu sebelum uji tantang. Perlakuan pengobatan dilakukan pada hari ke 2 hingga hari ke-8 setelah uji tantang. Uji tantang dilakukan dengan menyuntikkan secara intramuskuler 0,1 ml <em>A. hydrophila</em> (10<sup>8</sup>cfu/ml) ke ikan lele. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pencegahan dengan campuran ekstrak meniran 5 ppt dan bawang putih 20 ppt efektif dalam mencegah infeksi <em>A. hydrophila</em> dibandingkan dengan perlakuan pengobatan dengan campuran ekstrak meniran 10 ppt dan 40 ppt bawang putih.</p> <p> </p> Kata kunci: meniran, bawang putih, lele, <em>Aeromonas</em><em> </em><em>hydrophila</em>.<p> </p>
Organic Farming and Soil Physical Properties: An Assessment after 40 Years
Authors: Williams Dallas M. , Blanco‐Canqui Humberto , Francis Charles A. , Galusha Tomie D. 
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas
Organic farming can contribute to water capture relative to conventional systems.
Soil aggregates are more water stable under organic than conventional practices.
Organic farming systems can improve soil physical properties in the long term.
Organic farming is one environmentally viable approach to agriculture through its use of animal and green manures to provide nutrients and cultural practices to manage weeds, insects, and pathogens. The sustainability of organic agriculture, however, is less well understood, especially under long‐term management. A study was conducted near Mead, NE, to investigate the long‐ term impacts of organic management on soil physical properties including soil aggregate stability, bulk density, Proctor bulk density (parameter of soil’s susceptibility to compaction), water infiltration, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil‐water retention characteristics in conventional farming (CR1), conventional farming with diversified rotation (DIR), organic practices with green manure (OGM), and organic practices with animal manure (OAM). The OGM and OAM treatments increased cumulative water infiltration by about 10 times compared with the CR1 treatment, indicating that organic farming can increase water storage relative to conventional systems. Mean weight diameter of water‐stable soil aggregates increased by 50% with the OGM and by 30% with the OAM treatments in the upper 15‐cm depth, indicating that aggregates were larger and more stable under organic than conventional practices. At the same depth, the Proctor bulk density was 3% lower under organic practices than in the CR1 treatment, suggesting that organic farming reduces the soil’s susceptibility to compaction. The increase in aggregate stability and porosity increased water infiltration and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Overall, organic farming can improve soil physical properties in the long term and provide a strategy for farmers to enhance soil physical quality and agricultural sustainability.
Yield Gains in Extra‐Early Maize Cultivars of Three Breeding Eras under Multiple Environments
Authors: Badu‐Apraku B. , Yallou C. G. , Obeng‐Antwi K. , Alidu H. , Talabi A. O. , Annor B. , Oyekunle M. , Akaogu I. C. , Aderounmu M. 
Published: February 2017

Core IdeasThe study determined genetic improvement in grain yield of the cultivars during the breeding eras, investigated trait associations, and identified high‐yielding and stable cultivars across multiple‐stress and non‐stress environments.The study revealed an annual genetic gain of 2.72 and 2.28% for the cultivars under multiple‐stress and non‐stress environments.Cultivars 2004 TZEE‐Y Pop STR C4, TZEE‐W Pop STR QPM C0, TZEE‐W Pop STR BC2 C0 of era 2 and TZEE‐W STR 107 BC1, TZEE‐W Pop STR C5, and 2012 TZEE‐Y DT STR C5 of era 3 were the highest yielding and stable across multiple‐stress environments while 98 Syn EE‐W from era 1, FERKE TZEE‐W STR, TZEE‐W Pop STR C3, TZEE‐Y Pop STR QPM C0 from era 2, and TZEE‐W Pop STR C5, 2009 TZEE‐OR2 STR QPM, 2009 TZEE‐W STR, TZEE‐Y STR 106, TZEE‐W DT C0 STR C5 from era 3 were the most outstanding across non‐stress environments.We conclude that substantial progress has been made in breeding for multiple‐stress tolerant extra‐early maize cultivars in West and central Africa.Availability of extra‐early maize cultivars has facilitated the expansion of maize production into savannas of West and Central Africa (WCA). Fifty‐six extra‐early maize cultivars of three breeding eras;1995 to 2000, 2001 to 2006, and 2007 to 2012 were evaluated for 2 yr under 24 multiple‐stress and 28 non‐stress environments in WCA. Objectives of the study were to determine genetic improvement in grain yield of cultivars developed during the breeding eras, and identify high‐yielding and s multiple‐stress and non‐stress environments. Yield gains from era 1 to era 3 under multiple stresses was associated with increased days to anthesis, reduced stalk lodging, and improved husk cover. Cultivars 2004 TZEE‐Y Pop STR C4, TZEE‐W Pop STR QPM C0, and TZEE‐W Pop STR BC2C0of era 2; and TZEE‐W STR 107 BC1, TZEE‐W Pop STR C5, and 2012 TZEE‐Y DT STR C5of era 3 were high‐yielding and stable across multiple‐stress environments while 98 Syn EE‐W from era 1, FERKE TZEE‐W STR, TZEE‐W Pop STR C3, and TZEE‐Y Pop STR QPM C0from era 2, and TZEE‐W Pop STR C5, 2009 TZEE‐OR2STR QPM, 2009 TZEE‐W STR, TZEE‐Y STR 106, and TZEE‐W DT C0STR C5from era 3 were outstanding across non‐stress environments and should be tested extensively and commercialized. Considerable improvement has been made in breeding for multiple‐stress tolerant extra‐early maize cultivars.
Factorial experimental design applied to adsorption of cadmium on activated alumina
Authors: Mtaallah Salma , Marzouk Ikhlass , Hamrouni Béchir 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The effective removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater is a very important issue for many countries. This paper examines the removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions and industrial effluents by adsorption on activated alumina. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area, pore diameter and pore volume of the activated alumina were 156.7 m2/g, 58.4 Å and 0.23 cm3/g, respectively. Factorial experimental design was applied to evaluate the main effects and interactions among dose of activated alumina, initial cadmium concentration, pH of the solution and temperature. Analysis of variance, the F-test and the Student's t-test shows that dose of activated alumina, initial cadmium ion concentration and temperature are the most significant parameters affecting cadmium ion removal and pH is the least significant parameter. Under optimal conditions, cadmium removal from industrial effluent samples was &gt;98%. Furthermore, desorption and regeneration studies were carried out in order to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of activated alumina.
An organic-inorganic hybrid coagulant containing Al, Zn and Fe (HOAZF): preparation, efficiency and mechanism of removing organic phosphorus
Authors: Fu Y. , Wang Y. Z. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A polymeric-Al-Zn-Fe (PAZF) coagulant showing high removal of pollutants has been successfully developed using a galvanized slag in earlier works, but it gave less elimination of phosphorus. To improve phosphorus removal, a hybrid organic-Al-Zn-Fe (HOAZF) coagulant was prepared using PAZF and polyacrylamide (PAM) as an organic additive, and then was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Zeta potential, respectively. Removing efficiency and mechanism of organophosphorus by HOAZF was probed using jar tests in treating a simulated pesticide wastewater containing dichlorvos (DDVP), compared to that by PAZF and polyaluminum chloride. The results displayed that HOAZF having relative lower Zeta potential (compared to PAZF) exhibited complex surface morphology composited by Al, Zn and Fe and PAM, forming some new crystalline and amorphous substances different from that in PAZF. HOAZF gave higher removal of organophosphorus and far lower dosage than PAZF, and also posed a suitable wider pH range (pH = 7–12 for HOAZF and 10–11 for PAZF, respectively) and suitable wider organophosphorus level range than PAZF. Removing organophosphorus by HOAZF was a simultaneous complex process involving a non-phase transfer of adsorption/bridging/sweeping and a phase transfer of chemical precipitation.
GAMBARAN SKRINING RESEP PASIEN RAWAT JALAN DI PUSKESMAS KOTA YOGYAKARTA TAHUN 2015
Authors: HINDRATNI FINDY , JAELANI ABDUL KHODIR 
Published: February 2017

<p><em>Abstrak</em></p><p><em>Skrining resep merupakan salah satu bagian dari pelayanan farmasi klinik di Puskesmas, dengan melakukan skrining resep dapat menurunkan kes</em><em>a</em><em>lahan pengobatan dan meningkatkan keselamatan pasien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melihat gambaran skrining resep di Puskesmas wilayah kota Yogyakarta. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan crossectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara retrospektif (data resep obat bulan mei 2015) di Puskesmas kota Yogyaka</em><em>r</em><em>ta yaitu puskesmas Jetis, Margangsan dan Tegalrejo dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 960 rese</em><em>p. </em><em>Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi skrining resep gambaran skrining resep di puskesmas kota Yogyakarta belum dilaku</em><em>ka</em><em>n secara menyeluruh, mayoritas skrining resep yang belum dilakukan oleh petugas farmasi yaitu berat badan pasien (97,5%), pencantuman nama dokter, paraf dokter, surat ijin praktek dokter (46,4%), dan alergi obat (93,5%).</em></p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci: Skrining resep, Puskesmas</em></strong></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Abstract</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Screening recipe is one part of clinical pharmacy services at the health center, by screening a prescription can decrease keselahan treatment and improve patient safety. The purpose of this study to look at the picture of the recipe screening at the health center area of the city of Yogyakarta. This research is descriptive observational with cross sectional approach. Data collection was performed by means of a retrospective (drug prescription data in May 2015) in the city health center Jetis Yogyakata ie, Margangsan and Tegalrejo with a total sample of 960 prescriptions. Based on identification screening recipe recipe picture screening in the clinic of Yogyakarta city as a whole has not been conducted in stages, the majority of screening recipe has not been done by the pharmacist that the patient's weight (97.5%), the inclusion of the doctor's name, initials doctor, physician practice license (46 , 4%), and allergy medications (93.5%).</em></p><p><em><br /> Keywords: Screening recipes, health center</em><em></em></p>
Comentario a la sentencia de la Sala Constitucional número 2011-010832: declaratoria de inconstitucionalidad del 60% de apoyo exigido para la huelga legal
Authors: Arrieta Segleau Fabián 
Published: February 2017

El presente trabajo constituye un análisis crítico de la sentencia de la Sala Constitucional de la Corte Suprema de Justicia número 2011-010832. Esta anuló la exigencia de un porcentaje de apoyo del 60%para la declaratoria de legalidad de la huelga. Concretamente se examina las consecuencias de ese fallo en la flexibilización del ejercicio de ese derecho fundamental, en su naturaleza jurídica, y regulación procesal. Se hace referencia a la situación actual del requisito cuantitativo para asistir a la huelga, a partir del pronunciamiento del Tribunal Constitucional y las resoluciones de los órganos de control de la OIT, particularmente la Comisión de Expertos en la Aplicación de Convenios y Recomendaciones, y cuál es la labor de los Tribunales de Trabajo, ante la delegación efectuada en el voto a la hora de determinar el quórum exigido para la declaratoria de huelga legal. También se aborda la problemática provocada por el fallo al establecer que, previo a la declaratoria de ilegalidad y durante la vigencia del movimiento de presión cuando éste sea considerado legal, se debe mantener el pago de salario para las personas que huelgan. Además, se fundamenta la incidencia de esa determinación en la naturaleza jurídica de ese instituto jurídico y las posibles repercusiones prácticas para la empresa. Finalmente, se hace referencia a la participación en el movimiento de presión como justa causa de despido y la naturaleza del incidente de calificación de huelga y su repercusión en la terminación de los contratos de trabajo.
Period Change and Evolutionary Status of SW Tau
Authors: Devlen Ahmet , Acar Mert 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this work, the relation between the period change and evolutionary status of SW Tau, a Type II Cepheid variable, is examined. An (O–C) analysis of the times of maxima of SW Tau has been undertaken to determine this relation. SW Tau has the characteristic light curve shape of BL Her type stars. By taking into consideration SW Tau’s well-defined period decrease, obtained from the photometric observations, its position on the HR diagram in accordance with evolutionary models, and its chemical composition, we demonstrate that SW Tau is a Cepheid crossing the instability strip for the fourth time. SW Tau could be interpreted as being an early AGB star on the blueward evolutionary phase during shell helium burning.
On the Spectral Curvature of VHE Blazar 1ES 1011+496: Effect of Spatial Particle Diffusion
Authors: Sinha Atreyee , Sahayanathan S. , Acharya B. S. , Anupama G. C. , Chitnis V. R. , Singh B. B. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A detailed multi-epoch study of the broadband spectral behavior of the very high energy (VHE) source 1ES 1011+496 provides us with valuable information regarding the underlying particle distribution. Simultaneous observations of the source at optical/UV/X-ray/γ-ray during three different epochs, as obtained from Swift-UVOT/Swift-XRT/Fermi-LAT, are supplemented with the information available from the VHE telescope array, HAGAR. The long-term flux variability at the Fermi-LAT energies is clearly found to be lognormal. It is seen that the broadband spectral energy distribution of 1ES 1011+496 can be successfully reproduced by synchrotron and synchrotron self Compton emission models. Notably, the observed curvature in the photon spectrum at X-ray energies demands a smooth transition of the underlying particle distribution from a simple power law to a power law with an exponential cutoff, or a smooth broken power law distribution, which may possibly arise when the escape of the particles from the main emission region is energy dependent. Specifically, if the particle escape rate is related to its energy as

E

0.5

, then the observed photon spectrum is consistent with the ones observed during the various epochs.
On the Existence of the Kolmogorov Inertial Range in the Terrestrial Magnetosheath Turbulence
Authors: Huang S. Y. , Hadid L. Z. , Sahraoui F. , Yuan Z. G. , Deng X. H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In the solar wind, power spectral density (PSD) of the magnetic field fluctuations generally follow the so-called Kolmogorov spectrum f
−5/3 in the inertial range, where the dynamics is thought to be dominated by nonlinear interactions between counter-propagating incompressible Alfvén wave parquets. These features are thought to be ubiquitous in space plasmas. The present study gives a new and more complex picture of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence as observed in the terrestrial magnetosheath. The study uses three years of in situ data from the Cluster mission to explore the nature of the magnetic fluctuations at MHD scales in different locations within the magnetosheath, including flanks and subsolar regions. It is found that the magnetic field fluctuations at MHD scales generally have a PSD close to f
−1 (shallower than the Kolmogorov one f
−5/3) down to the ion characteristic scale, which recalls the energy-containing scales of solar wind turbulence. The Kolmogorov spectrum is observed only away from the bow shock toward the flank and the magnetopause regions in 17% of the analyzed time intervals. Measuring the magnetic compressibility, it is shown that only a fraction (35%) of the observed Kolmogorov spectra was populated by shear Alfvénic fluctuations, whereas the majority of the events (65%) was found to be dominated by compressible magnetosonic-like fluctuations, which contrasts with well-known turbulence properties in the solar wind. This study gives a first comprehensive view of the origin of the f
−1 and the transition to the Kolmogorov inertial range; both questions remain controversial in solar wind turbulence.
The Chemical Composition of an Extrasolar Kuiper-Belt-Object*
Authors: Xu (许偲艺) S. , Zuckerman B. , Dufour P. , Young E. D. , Klein B. , Jura M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The Kuiper Belt of our solar system is a source of short-period comets that may have delivered water and other volatiles to Earth and the other terrestrial planets. However, the distribution of water and other volatiles in extrasolar planetary systems is largely unknown. We report the discovery of an accretion of a Kuiper-Belt-Object analog onto the atmosphere of the white dwarf WD 1425+540. The heavy elements C, N, O, Mg, Si, S, Ca, Fe, and Ni are detected, with nitrogen observed for the first time in extrasolar planetary debris. The nitrogen mass fraction is ∼2%, comparable to that in comet Halley and higher than in any other known solar system object. The lower limit to the accreted mass is ∼1022 g, which is about one hundred thousand times the typical mass of a short-period comet. In addition, WD 1425+540 has a wide binary companion, which could facilitate perturbing a Kuiper-Belt-Object analog into the white dwarf’s tidal radius. This finding shows that analogs to objects in our Kuiper Belt exist around other stars and could be responsible for the delivery of volatiles to terrestrial planets beyond the solar system.
SNe Ia Keep Memory of Their Progenitor Metallicity
Authors: Piersanti Luciano , Bravo Eduardo , Cristallo Sergio , Domínguez Inmaculada , Straniero Oscar , Tornambé Amedeo , Martínez-Pinedo Gabriel 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The ultimate understanding of SNe Ia diversity is one of the most urgent issues to exploit thermonuclear explosions of accreted White Dwarfs (WDs) as cosmological yardsticks. In particular, we investigate the impact of the progenitor system metallicity on the physical and chemical properties of the WD at the explosion epoch. We analyze the evolution of CO WDs through the accretion and simmering phases by using evolutionary models based on time-dependent convective mixing and an extended nuclear network including the most important electron captures, beta decays, and URCA processes. We find that, due to URCA processes and electron-captures, the neutron excess and density at which the thermal runaway occurs are substantially larger than previously claimed. Moreover, we find that the higher the progenitor metallicity, the larger the neutron excess variation during the accretion and simmering phases and the higher the central density and the convective velocity at the explosion. Hence, the simmering phase acts as an amplifier of the differences existing in SNe Ia progenitors. When applying our results to the neutron excess estimated for the Tycho and Kepler young supernova remnants, we derive that the metallicity of the progenitors should be in the range

, close to the average metallicity value of the thin disk of the Milky Way. As the amount of

produced in the explosion depends on the neutron excess and central density at the thermal runaway, our results suggest that the light curve properties depend on the progenitor metallicity.