bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Michel Henry: from the Essence of Manifestation to the Essence of Religion
Authors: Canullo Carla 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper investigates the connections between the phenomenology of religious experience and Michel Henry’s entire body of work. Henry debated on Christianism and the phenomenological interpretation of religion in the latter part of his philosophical thinking. However, a new interpretation of Henry’s work is needed starting from his work The Essence of Manifestation and his critique of religion by Marx and Feuerbach which he analyzed in two volumes devoted to these two philosophers (1976). Although it has been scarcely investigated, Henry’s work should be considered as a whole from its beginning to his philosophy of Christianity. As this aspect of Henry’s work has often been ignored, this paper proposes a new interpretation of the essence of religion through its connections with the essence of manifestation. This will be done in three steps: firstly, an investigation of Henry’s thought starting from his interpretation of Marx and Feuerbach will be proposed; secondly, a “new ontology of manifestation” by Henry will be analysed; and finally, a connection between Henry’s phenomenological essence of manifestation and the new conception of the essence of religion will be suggested.
Effects of partial replacement of carbon black with nanocrystalline cellulose on properties of natural rubber nanocomposites
Authors: Li Caixin , Huang Fei , Wang Juan , Liang Xiaorong , Huang Shiwen , Gu Ju 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Waste cotton materials were used as source materials to prepare waste cotton nanocrystalline cellulose (WCNC) by optimized acid hydrolysis. The final hydrolysis products had an approximately 30 nm diameter, lengths mainly ranging from 400 nm to 800 nm, and a typical cellulose I crystal structure with a high degree of crystallinity. WCNC was further investigated to partially replace carbon black (CB) in natural rubber (NR) composites via coagulation. NR/CB/WCNC and NR/CB composites were prepared. Through comparisons of the morphology, mechanical properties, dynamic compression fatigue performance, thermal stability and soil biodegradation behaviour of the NR/CB/WCNC and NR/CB composites, WCNC was proven to perform efficiently. WCNC could increase tensile and tear strength as well as reduce heat build-up, and it presented slightly lower thermal stability and superior biodegradability. Moreover, a fine WCNC dispersion was achieved in NR/CB/WCNC. The observed reinforcement effects were evaluated based on the results of rubber processing analysis (RPA), thermogravimetric and scanning electron microscopic analyses of NR/CB/WCNC compared with the NR/CB composites.
Genetic factors affecting intraoperative 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced fluorescence of diffuse gliomas
Authors: Saito Kiyotaka , Hirai Toshinori , Takeshima Hideo , Kadota Yoshihito , Yamashita Shinji , Ivanova Asya , Yokogami Kiyotaka 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background
In patients operated for malignant glioma, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced fluorescence guidance is useful. However, we occasionally experience instances of non-visible fluorescence despite a histopathological diagnosis of high-grade glioma. We sought to identify factors that influence the intraoperative visualization of gliomas by their 5-ALA-induced fluorescence.

Patients and methods
We reviewed data from 60 patients with astrocytic or oligodendroglial tumors who underwent tumor removal under 5-ALA-induced fluorescence guidance between January 2014 and December 2015. Their characteristics, preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, histological diagnosis, and genetic profile were analyzed and univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed.

Results
In 42 patients (70%) we intraoperatively observed tumor 5-ALA fluorescence. They were 2 of 8 (25%) patients with World Health Organization (WHO) grade II, 9 of 17 (53%) with grade III, and 31 of 35 (89%) patients with grade IV gliomas. Univariate analysis revealed a statistically significant association between 5-ALA fluorescence and the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) status, 1p19q loss of heterozygosity (LOH), the MIB-1 labeling index, and the tumor margin, -heterogeneity, and -contrast enhancement on MRI scans (p < 0.001, p = 0.003, p = 0.007, p = 0.046, p = 0.021, and p = 0.002, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that the IDH1 status was the only independent, statistically significant factor related to 5-ALA fluorescence (p = 0.009).

Conclusions
This study identified the IDH1 status as the factor with the most influence on the 5-ALA fluorescence of diffuse gliomas.
The simplest representative of a complex series: the Hg-rich amalgam Yb11Hg54
Authors: Tambornino Frank , Hoch Constantin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Yb11Hg54 is a new member of a series of amalgams with composition close to MHg5. Its crystal structure was solved and refined on the basis of single crystal data. The structure model was confirmed with a Rietveld refinement. Yb11Hg54 has the first crystal structure in this family in which no disorder effects such as mixed occupation, split positions or superstructure formation is observed. It therefore can be regarded as a parent structure for all other amalgams. The crystal structure of Yb11Hg54 can be derived from the Gd14Ag51 structure type, the aristotype of this family. We give a detailed crystal structure description for Yb11Hg54 and discuss it in the context of the further known crystal structures closely related. A ranking within this structure family can be established by calculating features for the structural complexity for all structures, including the individual disorder phenomena.
The [BN2]3−anion – a carbon dioxide isosteric building unit for a large family of complex nitridoborate structures
Authors: Pöttgen Rainer , Reckeweg Olaf 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe crystal chemistry of nitridoborates with the CO2analogous [BN2]3−ion is reviewed. Such nitridoborates form with the alkali and alkaline earth metals as well as with divalent europium. Also quaternary compounds with mixed cations along with nitridoborate nitrides, oxides, halides and hydrides are discussed. The spectroscopic (IR, Raman, solid state NMR and Mössbauer spectroscopy) and magnetic behavior as well as optical properties are discussed in the light of structure-property relationships.
Role of Chloride on the Environmental Degradation of Micro-Alloyed Steel in Simulated Fuel Grade Ethanol Environment
Authors: Joseph O. O. , Loto C. A. , Ade Ajayi J. , Sivaprasad S. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this study, micro-alloyed steel (MAS) material commonly used in the manufacture of auto parts and pipes was immersed in simulated fuel grade ethanol (SFGE) blends and its performance was evaluated. In order to determine the role of chloride on corrosion behavior, electrochemical measurement was conducted in low-conductivity ethanolic solutions in the absence of supporting electrolyte; also mass loss test was performed. Consistent with the mass loss and electrochemical test results, the effect of chloride on the degradation of MAS in the fuel ethanol environments can be classified from the least corrosive concentration to the highest as follows: 0 mg/L &lt; 32 mg/L &lt; 64 mg/L NaCl. Chloride increased the pitting tendency of MAS in E20, E40, and E80 blends.
Metallurgical Nature of the As-Cast Microstructure of High-Nitrogen, High-Manganese Stainless Steels
Authors: Kazakov A. A. , Shakhmatov A. , Badrak R. , Kolpishon E. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
High-nitrogen, high-manganese austenitic steels because of their non-magnetic behavior and corrosion resistance in combination with high strength and toughness serve various applications. The Schaeffler diagram is commonly used for predicting the as-cast microstructures but it does not reflect the nature of the austenite associated with the sequence of phase formation during solidification. Thermodynamic simulations are an aid to understanding the metallurgical nature of austenite. In this study, the microstructure was revealed by tint etching with examination using polarized light with the light optical microscope. The fragments of dendritic arms that share a common crystallographic orientation were identified by this technique. Two kinds of austenitic microstructures, both with grains formed by sharply defined primary and secondary dendritic arms and with grains having a blurred dendritic pattern, were observed. Solidification through austenite freezes the chemical inhomogeneity, whereas solidification through δ-ferrite, with subsequent transformation of δ-ferrite to austenite, leads to a “blurring” of the dendritic structure. These two kinds of microstructures were interpreted by a Schaeffler–Spiedel diagram which is modified in this paper. Electrochemical investigations showed that the chemical homogeneity of the austenite obtained by primary δ-ferrite solidification exhibited improved corrosion properties.
Anisotropy in Residual Stress Measurements in Aluminum Alloys Used in the Aerospace Industry
Authors: Ramesh Narayanan P. , Suwas S. , Sinha P. P. , Ranganathan S. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The aerospace industry has encountered many failures of the metallic hardware and sub-systems made of aluminum alloys, wherein the residual stresses are known to play a major role. This requires an accurate measurement of the residual stresses at various locations of the component in a nondestructive manner. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) method of measuring the residual stresses offers one of the most commonly used nondestructive techniques providing accurate stress values. The aluminum alloys, used for launch vehicle and satellite applications, are subjected to a variety of processing operations to realize the final product. These processes invariably introduce crystallographic texture in the material, which, in turn, influences the residual stresses measured using the diffraction method. The sin2ψ–2θ plots show nonlinearity in the longitudinal and transverse direction for the alloys studied. This nonlinearity could be caused by two major factors, namely, the crystallographic texture and stress gradient from the surface to the core of the sheets. In the case of aluminum alloys studied, both the factors play important roles by influencing the residual stress measurements. This paper covers the anisotropy in residual stress measurements caused by the influence of texture using the diffraction technique. Experiences at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) have been discussed with case studies on textured aluminum-alloy materials.
475°C Embrittlement of Duplex Stainless Steel—A Comprehensive Microstructure Characterization Study
Authors: Örnek C. , Burke M. G. , Hashimoto T. , Lim J. J. H. , Engelberg D. L. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The effect of 475°C embrittlement on microstructure development of grade 2205 duplex stainless steel was investigated. Spinodal decomposition products and associated precipitates in ferrite, austenite, and at interphase boundaries were characterized using analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. Micro-analyses confirmed the presence of Cr-enriched α'' and Cr-depleted α' spinodal structures in the ferrite after 5 h of aging at 475°C. Long-term aging for 255 h resulted in heavily-faulted R-phase precipitates with sizes of ∼50–400 nm, χ-phase, and ε-Cu in the ferrite, TiN and Cr2N precipitates in the austenite, and a continuous network of M23C6-carbides at interphase boundaries. A significant hardness increase was observed after 255 h of aging, which was accompanied by a reduction of ferrite fraction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) stress measurements showed a general reduction of residual stresses in both ferrite and austenite with aging. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) showed increased local misorientations, primarily close to precipitate interfaces within the ferrite, indicating the development of strain heterogeneities in the microstructure. The data presented provided a better understanding of 475°C embrittlement in duplex stainless steel, suggesting that not only the ferrite alone is responsible for embrittlement. A comprehensive microstructure characterization study has been provided and the explanation for 475°C embrittlement of duplex stainless steel has been discussed.
The Genetic Requirements for Pentose Fermentation in Budding Yeast
Authors: Mittelman Karin , Barkai Naama 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Cells grow on a wide range of carbon sources by regulating substrate flow through the metabolic network. Incoming sugar, for example, can be fermented or respired, depending on the carbon identity, cell type, or growth conditions. Despite this genetically-encoded flexibility of carbon metabolism, attempts to exogenously manipulate central carbon flux by rational design have proven difficult, suggesting a robust network structure. To examine this robustness, we characterized the ethanol yield of 411 regulatory and metabolic mutants in budding yeast. The mutants showed little variation in ethanol productivity when grown on glucose or galactose, yet diversity was revealed during growth on xylulose, a rare pentose not widely available in nature. While producing ethanol at high yield, cells grown on xylulose produced ethanol at high yields, yet induced expression of respiratory genes, and were dependent on them. Analysis of mutants that affected ethanol productivity suggested that xylulose fermentation results from metabolic overflow, whereby the flux through glycolysis is higher than the maximal flux that can enter respiration. We suggest that this overflow results from a suboptimal regulatory adjustment of the cells to this unfamiliar carbon source.
Die historische Preisentwicklung von Edel- und Industriemetallen
Authors: Ehrhardt Olaf 
Published: April 2017

Zusammenfassung
Ein wichtiger Zweig der empirischen Kapitalmarktforschung beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, welche Renditen Anleger mit Wertpapieren oder anderen Vermögensgegenständen unter Berücksichtigung von Inflationsrisiken langfristig erzielen können. In dieser Studie werden zum Zwecke der Berechnung von Realrenditen historische Preiszeitreihen für die Edelmetalle Gold, Silber und Platin sowie für die sechs an der London Metal Exchange gehandelten Industriemetalle (Aluminium, Blei, Kupfer, Nickel, Zink, Zinn) aufbereitet, welche zum Teil bis ins 13. Jahrhundert zurückreichen.
Dengue IgM antibody sero-status assessment: a current experience in a teaching institution
Authors: Kiran Deepti , Arora Balvinder Singh , Gogna Arun , Aggarwal K. C. 
Published: April 2017

Background: In 2015, Delhi city experienced the worst outbreak of dengue infection since 1996 and our laboratory received a very high number of cases for IgM ELISA testing following clinicians’ referrals. The present study intends to correlate IgM antibody response with duration of fever, platelets counts and ‘with age and gender distribution’ of such cases attending OPDs and subsequently admitted to the medicine and pediatric wards in our tertiary care hospital, New Delhi, albeit, with some useful conclusions and suggestions.Methods: A hospital based observational study was conducted enrolling a total of 500 cases, clinically suspected of DF/DHF/DSS that either reported directly or were referred to Safdarjung Hospital from region in and around Delhi and NCR and subsequently admitted to Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics wards. A total of 500 cases and 50 controls were tested for IgM antibody by ‘IgM antibody capture ELISA (MAC ELISA).Results: Of total 500 serum samples tested, 169 i.e. 33.8% were found to be sero positive. Seropositivity was more among the males 99/169 (58.57%) than the females 70/169 (41.43%). The highest numbers of cases were seen in the age group 41-60 years (46.15%). Amongst seropositive cases, 146 (86.39%) cases had fever of >5 days duration while remaining 23 (13.60%) presented with fever of <5 days. Low platelet count between 20,000-1L cells/mm3 was a feature in all the seropositive cases and statistically it was found significant (p-value 0.001).Conclusions: Detection of IgM specific antibodies by MAC ELISA in cases with high index of clinical suspicion continues to be an effective tool providing a supportive criterion to clinical diagnosis, especially during outbreak periods.
FORENSIC IDENTIFICATION OF THE PERSON ON THE BASIS OF APPEARANCE AND FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE BODY
Authors: Romanko N. A. , Zinin A. M. , Khaziev S. N. 
Published: April 2017

Article is devoted questions of definition of the competence of the forensic expert conducting identification and diagnostic researches of images of the person on pictures, video recordings and other data carriers on appearance. Problems of person identification under images of hands, feet, a head and other parts of body in the absence of possibility of research of the face are considered.
SUDDEN DEATH SYNDROME AND OTHER INDICATORS OF INFANT DEATH IN STAVROPOL REGION
Authors: Berlay M. V. , Kopylov A. V. , Karpov S. M. 
Published: April 2017

The «Sudden Infant Death Syndrome» stands for unexpected nonviolent death of apparently healthy chest age child when there is no history or pathomorphological features which can be adequate explanations for death reasons. In Russian Federation, the death rate from this syndrome in the range of 0.06 to 2.8 per 1000 live births. In Stavropol region, average figures are equal to 0,36 per 1000 live births in the period of 2005–2014. The maximum recorded rate was 0.53 per 1,000 in 2012, while the minimum was observed in 2007 (0.23 per 1,000). Rates of incidence sudden infant death syndrome are similar to the rates of incidence associated with infectious diseases, and as a result of injury or poisoning. Currently paid attention to neurogenic mechanisms of sudden infant death syndrome, as a consequence in combination cranio-spinal birth injury with delayed fatal in infancy, in the period of residual effects.
FORENSIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF INTRAMUSCULAR HEMORRHAGE
Authors: Makhlis A. V. , Pesterev V. G. , Ilyina E. V. 
Published: April 2017

The article is focused on examination of intramuscular hemorrhages in skeletal muscles in different types of death, analysis of its localization, incidence, mechanisms of development, biochemical evaluation of intramuscular blood after hemorrhage and role of hemorrhage in daily practice of forensic pathologists. This article doesn’t study hemorrhage after local blunt trauma with injury of skin, subcutaneous fatty tissue and skeletal muscles.
Legitimizing Linguistic Diversity: The Promise of Plurilingualism in Canadian Schools
Authors: Krasny Karen , Sachar Sonya 
Published: April 2017

Policies and practice related to the production and treatment of human difference and diversity figure prominently in educational discourse related to language and identity (Piccardo, 2013; Schecter & Cummins, 2003; Wenger, 1999). In this article, we undertake a historical review of Canadian language and multicultural policy and how it has shaped educational practice in Canadian schools. In response, we advance a critical understanding of plurilingualism as it more accurately reflects changing communities and conditions of diversity within the global context. Focusing on students as social actors and their ability to use languages for intercultural interactions, our review yields important pedagogical implications for leveraging the dynamism and interconnectedness of language competencies to reimagine Canadian classrooms.
Short‐term Forecasting Tools for Agricultural Nutrient Management
Authors: Easton Zachary M. , Kleinman Peter J.A. , Buda Anthony R. , Goering Dustin , Emberston Nichole , Reed Seann , Drohan Patrick J. , Walter M. Todd , Guinan Pat , Lory John A. , Sommerlot Andrew R. , Sharpley Andrew 
Published: April 2017

The advent of real‐time, short‐term farm management tools is motivated by the need to protect water quality above and beyond the general guidance offered by existing nutrient management plans. Advances in high‐performance computing and hydrologic or climate modeling have enabled rapid dissemination of real‐time information that can assist landowners and conservation personnel with short‐term management planning. This paper reviews short‐term decision support tools for agriculture that are under various stages of development and implementation in the United States: (i) Wisconsin's Runoff Risk Advisory Forecast (RRAF) System, (ii) New York's Hydrologically Sensitive Area Prediction Tool, (iii) Virginia's Saturated Area Forecast Model, (iv) Pennsylvania's Fertilizer Forecaster, (v) Washington's Application Risk Management (ARM) System, and (vi) Missouri's Design Storm Notification System. Although these decision support tools differ in their underlying model structure, the resolution at which they are applied, and the hydroclimates to which they are relevant, all provide forecasts (range 24–120 h) of runoff risk or soil moisture saturation derived from National Weather Service Forecast models. Although this review highlights the need for further development of robust and well‐supported short‐term nutrient management tools, their potential for adoption and ultimate utility requires an understanding of the appropriate context of application, the strategic and operational needs of managers, access to weather forecasts, scales of application (e.g., regional vs. field level), data requirements, and outreach communication structure.Core Ideas
Advances in weather forecasting, data management, and modeling improve nutrient management.
New tools facilitate improved farm decisions in response to real‐time weather.
Nutrient management can be performed operationally and strategically with real‐time tools.
A TDR Array Probe for Monitoring Near‐Surface Soil Moisture Distribution
Authors: Sheng Wenyi , Zhou Rong , Sadeghi Morteza , Babaeian Ebrahim , Robinson David A. , Tuller Markus , Jones Scott B. 
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas
A TDR array has been developed for soil moisture profiling.
The sensor provides eight incremental measurements at centimeter‐depth resolution.
Permittivity, evaporation rate, and soil moisture profile were determined.
Near‐surface soil conditions (i.e., moisture and temperature) moderate mass and energy exchange at the soil–atmosphere interface. While remote sensing offers an effective means for mapping near‐surface moisture content across large areas, in situ measurements, targeting those specific remotely sensed soil depths, are poorly understood and high‐resolution near‐surface measurement capabilities are lacking. Time domain reflectometry (TDR) is a well‐established, accurate measurement method for soil dielectric permittivity and moisture content. A TDR array was designed to provide centimeter‐resolution measurements of near‐surface soil moisture. The array consists of nine stainless steel TDR rods spaced 1 cm apart, acting as waveguide pairs to form eight two‐rod TDR probes in series. A critical aspect of the design was matching the spacing of the coaxial cable–TDR rod transition to avoid unwanted reflections in the waveforms. The accuracy of the TDR array permittivity measurement (±1 permittivity unit) was similar to that of conventional TDR as verified in dielectric liquids. Electric field numerical simulations showed minimal influence of adjacent rods during a given rod‐pair measurement. The evaporation rate determined by the TDR array compared well with mass balance data in a laboratory test. Near‐surface soil moisture profile dynamics were monitored at centimeter‐depth resolution using the TDR array in a field experiment where volumetric moisture content estimates (0–8 cm) were within 2% of conventional three‐rod TDR probes averaging across 0 to 8 cm and from 1‐ to 3‐cm depths.