bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRIMARY Scoring in 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT: Correlation with Prostate Cancer Risk Groups and Its Potential Impact on Active Surveillance
Authors: Uslu Hatice , Şahin Dilruba , İbişoğlu Ebru , Tatoğlu Mehmet Tarık 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The PRIMARY scoring system is a scale designed to identify clinically significant intraprostatic malignancies on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT images. Active surveillance is a management method for patients with low-risk prostate cancer. In this study, we aimed to assess the efficacy of PRIMARY scoring in identifying appropriate candidates for active surveillance based on the distribution within prostate cancer risk groups.
Methods
The data of 134 patients diagnosed with PCa by biopsy who underwent 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT imaging for post-diagnostic staging purposes were retrospectively analyzed. Age, total PSA, ISUP grade, prostate lesion SUVmax values, PI-RADS scores, and PRIMARY scores were recorded. Patients were classified into low-risk and intermediate/high-risk groups.
Results
In the intermediate/high-risk group, the PRIMARY score was 1–2 in 17.6% and 3–5 in 82.4% of patients. In the low-risk group, the PRIMARY score was 1–2 in 34.7% and 3–5 in 65.3% of patients. None of the patients in the low-risk group had a PRIMARY score of 5. The most frequent PRIMARY score in both groups was 4, and there was a significant difference between the average SUVmax values of the intermediate/high and low-risk groups with a PRIMARY score of 4 (p = 0.018). The sensitivity of PRIMARY scoring in detecting patients in the intermediate/high-risk group was 82.3%, the specificity was 34.6%, and the positive predictive value (PPV) was 68.6%. When a cut-off SUVmax value 5.0 was used for the PRIMARY score of 4, the sensitivity was 67.0%, the specificity was 65.3% and the PPV was 77.0%. In the ROC analysis, the area under the curve was 0.727 for PRIMARY scoring, 0.662 for PI-RADS, and 0.744 for their combined mean.
Conclusion
The PRIMARY scoring system can complement PI-RADS scoring in mpMRI for selecting patients suitable for active surveillance. Revising the PRIMARY score 4 with an SUVmax cut-off value may increase the specificity.
WITHDRAWN: Comparative investigation of vapour compression-triple effect absorption cascade refrigeration system operating with different refrigerants in vapour compression cycle
Authors: Naga Sakshi , Rajput SPS 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In this study, a multi-objective optimization of a vapor compression triple-effect absorption cascade cooling system (VC-TEA-CCS) is explored by maximizing the maximization of COP) and exergy efficiency. First, a theoretical analysis of the cycle was performed, and the vapor-compression cycles of different refrigerants were compared. In the vapor compression cycle, the working fluids were considered as R1234yf, R290, R1234ze, and R123, whereas in the absorption cycle, lithium-bromide-water was selected as the working pair. The selected parameters (six), such as the generator temperature, condenser temperature, evaporator temperature, heat exchanger efficiency, overlap temperature, and cascade heat exchanger temperature, were analyzed for the said system to obtain better performance (i.e., highest COP and exergy efficiency). Additionally, the cycle was optimized by applying surface response methods (RSM) based on a central composite design (CCD). In addition, based on the design of the experiment, regression and ANOVA analyses were conducted, and optimal parameters were identified. The optimum results were attained at Tg = 173.58oC, Tc = 30oC °C, Te = 5.08oC, ΔT = 5.02 oC, and plant size = 3000 kW, and the optimized COP and exergy efficiency were estimated as 2.1 and 91.5%, respectively.
Association of Screen Time with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Their Development: The Mediating Role of Brain Structure
Authors: Shou Qiulu , Yamashita Masatoshi , Mizuno Yoshifumi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
The effect of screen time on the development of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, as well as the brain, and neural mechanisms underlying the association between screen time and ADHD symptoms remain unclear. This study aims to examine the association between screen time, ADHD symptoms, and the brain, using large-scale longitudinal samples from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.
Method
From the ABCD study, we extracted, data on screen time, ADHD symptoms based on the Child Behavior Checklist, and brain structure measures of 10116 and 7880 children (aged 9–10 years) at baseline and at the 2-year follow-up, respectively. We used the linear mixed-effects model to examine the association between screen time at baseline, and the development of ADHD symptoms and brain structure after two years. We also examined the mediating role of brain structure on the association between screen time and ADHD symptoms.
Results
Screen time was associated with the development of ADHD symptoms (β = 0.032, p = 0.001) and thickness of some cortical regions (right temporal pole: β=-0.036, false discovery rate (FDR)-corrected p = 0.020; left superior frontal gyrus: β=-0.028, FDR-corrected p = 0.020; and left rostral middle frontal gyrus: β=-0.030, FDR-corrected p = 0.020). Moreover, the total cortical volume partially mediated the relationship between screen time and ADHD symptoms (β = 0.001, p = 0.023) at baseline.
Conclusion
These results suggest that screen time influences ADHD symptom development and brain structure, providing insight into the mechanisms underlying the association between screen time and ADHD symptoms. Furthermore, interventions to reduce screen time may help improve ADHD symptoms.
Archive-based multiple feature construction method using adaptive Genetic Programming
Authors: Jia Kaixuan , Zhang Fan , Gao Xiaoying , Ma Jianbin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The quality of features is an important factor that affects the classification performance of machine learning algorithms. Feature construction based on Genetic Programming (GP) can automatically create more discriminative features, sometimes greatly improving classification performance. However, constructing a single feature or a small number of features may make the linkage information between labels and features insufficient, resulting in poor classification performance, so we introduce a multi-feature construction method. In addition, premature convergence of the GP may also affect classification performance. This paper proposes an archive-based multiple feature construction method which uses elite archive strategy to preserve and select effective constructed features, and employs an adaptive strategy for GP to adjust the crossover and mutation probabilities based on fitness values. Experiments on ten datasets show that our proposed archive-based multiple feature construction method without using adaptive GP can significantly improve the classification performance compared with traditional single feature construction method, and the classification performance can be maintained or further improved by adding the adaptive strategy. The comparisons with three state-of-the-art techniques show that our proposed method can significantly achieve better classification performance.
Evaluation of antibiosis resistance in six tomato cultivars to Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Hasan Md Fahmid , Uddin Md. Nizam , Bhuyain Mohammad Mosharof Hossan , Bachchu Md. Adnan Al , Taj Hasan Fuad El , Ullah Mohammad Shaef 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The two-spotted spider mite (TSSM), Tetranychus urticae (Koch) is a devastating and polyphagous pest of tomato in Bangladesh and other growing regions. This study investigated the impact of six new tomato cultivars (BARI Tomato-2, BARI Tomato-5, BARI Tomato-9, BARI Tomato-10, BARI Tomato-11 and F1 hybrid) on the life history and population growth parameters of TSSM at 25 ± 2°C and a photoperiod of 16:8 hours (L:D) with 60 ± 10% relative humidity. The age-stage, two-sex life table method was employed to explore these parameters. The immature developmental times of TSSM were longest on BARI Tomato-11 (13.45 days) and shortest on BARI Tomato-2 (11.96 days). Fecundity varied significantly among the cultivars, with the lowest observed on BARI Tomato-9 (60.0 eggs female-1) and the highest on BARI Tomato-5 (74.56 eggs female-1). Female longevity also differed across cultivars, with the shortest lifespan on BARI Tomato-2 (20.40 days) and the longest on BARI Tomato-5 (22.33 days). The net reproductive rate (R0) varied from 45.51 on BARI Tomato-2 to 57.51 eggs individual-1 on BARI Tomato-5. The finite rate of increase (λ) was highest on BARI Tomato-5 (1.2790 day-1) and lowest on BARI Tomato-11 (1.2567 day-1). The lowest and highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was 0.2285 day-1 and 0.2461 day-1 on BARI Tomato-11 and BARI Tomato-5, respectively. The estimated values for mean generation time (T) were lowest on BARI Tomato-2 (15.77 days) and highest (17.57 days) on BARI Tomato-11 (17.57 days). A comparison of TSSM demographic data on six tomato cultivars revealed that BARI Tomato-11 and BARI Tomato-5 were resistant and susceptible cultivars to TSSM. The findings of this research could provide new valuable information for designing a comprehensive IPM strategy for controlling T. urticae infestation in tomato cultivation.
Exploring the Authentic Illness Experience and Health Management Needs of Patients with Moderate to Severe Menopausal Syndrome through the Lens of Social-Ecological Systems Theory: A Qualitative Study
Authors: YE Qiqi , ZHANG Zhijia , SONG Li , ZHONG Kefu , WU Xuedan , HUANG Qihua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with moderate to severe menopausal syndrome often face significant physical and mental health challenges, yet their experiences are frequently overlooked in China. This study aims to explore the illness experiences and health management needs of these patients, focusing on their feelings, coping strategies, and demands for health services to address both physical and psychological symptoms, thereby promoting reforms in management programs.
Methods
A phenomenological approach was employed, with an interview guide developed based on socio-ecological systems theory. Twelve patients with moderate to severe menopausal syndrome were selected through purposive sampling for semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's seven-step method.
Results
Twelve women participated this research. Three primary themes and ten subthemes were emerged: (1) micro- cognitive limitations and reduced coping capacity (aging and confusion, self-regulation and health monitoring, delayed treatment, and divergent expectations); (2) meso- family silence and disappearing workplace care (ambiguous information, feeling of pain, isolation and helplessness, and workplace neglect and gossip); and (3) macro- misaligned healthcare (fleeting communication, absence of health promotion role, and enhancing management plan specificity and systemization).
Conclusion
The study found that patients with moderate to severe menopausal syndrome possess strong self-management awareness; however, their coping abilities require enhancement, particularly for atypical symptoms such as palpitations and joint pain. Developing effective and targeted health management plans relies on collaboration among families, communities, media platforms, medical institutions, and healthcare professionals to provide comprehensive support for patients.
Band engineering with low-energy electron beam irradiation: Towards brighter scintillators
Authors: Li Jing , Jin Xin , Wen Wu , Mo Haoyu , Liang Qingyao , Wang Rui , Liu Yunquan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

High-performance scintillators are essential for developing the emerging field of nano-scintillation. In this field, cathodoluminescence generated by electron beam interaction with scintillators can be controlled or enhanced by nanophotonic structures, making it valuable for medical imaging, radiative detection, and high-energy physics. Multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures based on group III-nitride semiconductors are well-known scintillators for their flexibility in tuning the emission wavelength. Still, they suffer from low radiative efficiency due to the strong quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) and high defect density. In this work, we demonstrate a brighter AlGaInN MQW scintillator prepared using low-energy electron beam irradiation (LEEBI) for band engineering. LEEBI was successfully utilized for fabricating the first low-resist p-type GaN. By optimizing the energy and current, we achieved a two-order-of-magnitude increase in scintillation intensity without any shift in the emission peak. Furthermore, the carrier lifetime was counter-intuitively ten times longer. Using self-consistent calculations and cathodoluminescence characterization, we analyzed the LEEBI-induced band engineering mechanisms, including the control of QCSE and lateral carrier localization. We believe our findings will not only offer a deeper understanding and resolution to the long-standing contradictions surrounding LEEBI, but also push the boundaries of nanophotonic scintillation. The prominent enhancement of scintillation efficiency suggests new strategies for establishing ultra-low threshold electron-beam-pumped lasers, even in scanning electron microscopes, as a parallel counterpart to optically pumped lasers.
Modifying Post-Surgical Immunity: Controlled Release of TLR7/8 Agonist for Immune Mediated Clearance of Glioblastoma
Authors: Ainslie Kristy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Glioblastoma is an aggressive brain cancer with a dismal prognosis despite current therapeutic interventions. Tumor resection is standard-of-care for glioblastoma and has profound immunostimulatory effects. Resulting in a nadir in tumor burden, resection offers a unique opportunity to break local immune tolerance and mount an effective anti-tumor immune response. Here, we explore the effect of local and controlled release of TLR7/8 agonist from a polymer scaffold implanted at the time of tumor resection. We find that sustained release of TLR7/8 agonist leads to clearance of residual post-resection tumor, improved survival, and subsequent protection from tumor challenge in mice bearing orthotopic GL261 or CT2A gliomas. We show that scaffold therapy boosts resection-mediated disruption to the tumor microenvironment, leading to an early inflammatory innate immune response both in the brain and cervical lymph node. This is followed by an influx of activated NK cells in the brain and effector T cells in the lymph node and brain. In sum, sustained local TLR7/8 agonism within the context of tumor resection is a promising approach for glioblastoma.
Control of Spodoptera frugiperda by using plant-derived Nanoparticles in Nashik District Maharashtra India
Authors: Londhe Sachin Shmarao Londhe 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Spodoptera frugiperda is a polyphagous lepidopteran pest known for its ability to devastate crops by feeding on leaves, stems, and flowers. The larval stage is particularly damaging, capable of stripping plants of foliage and significantly reducing yields. Traditional pest management strategies, including chemical insecticides, face challenges such as resistance development and environmental concerns, prompting the need for alternative control methods. The multivarious and economically significant fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a pest insect native to tropical and subtropical regions of North America. It poses a severe danger to food security due to its strong flying ability, adaptability to many climates, and wide host range. It causes high economic losses in numerous grains, vegetables, and cash crops. Many issues, such as insecticide resistance, the recurrence of insect pests, the creation of biotypes, and environmental risks, were brought about by the overreliance and abuse of pesticides in the management of Fall Armyworm.
Employing biocontrol agents and green synthesis nanoparticles, which are environmentally benign pest control technologies, is the most significant alternative to address these issues. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are particularly interesting due to their antimicrobial and insecticidal properties. Their high surface area-to-volume ratio enhances their interaction with biological systems, making them potentially effective in pest management. Thus, the current investigation aimed to assess the toxicity of several plant-based synthetic nanoparticles. The biocontrol agent Trichogramma spp. has been evaluated against the fall armyworm.
Result
Silver nanoparticles derived from neem exhibited the highest mortality rate of 83% and the lowest rate of 40% among the second-instar larvae of the fall armyworm. In contrast, the silver nanoparticles from tobacco, onion, mint, ginger, and datura demonstrated mortality rates of 86%, 63%, 76%, 63%, and 73%, respectively, while the lowest mortality rates recorded were 30%, 33%, 30%, 23%, and 16%. Based on these findings, the nanoparticles from datura and neem are recommended as promising bio-based agents for managing Spodoptera frugiperda.
Conclusion
Silver nanoparticles derived from plant sources offer a promising alternative to traditional pest control methods. The high mortality rates observed with tobacco, mint, and datura-derived AgNPs highlight their potential as effective bio-based agents against Spodoptera frugiperda. Datura and neem are recommended as promising bio-based agents for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda based on their significant mortality rates and potential efficacy.
Awareness, Knowledge, and Perception of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative Among Final-Year Midwifery Students at the University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ghana
Authors: OBENG FRANK , KUMBONO DESMOND 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) was launched by the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF in 1991 to combat the low prevalence of breastfeeding worldwide. This initiative is structured to ensure that breastfeeding is initiated and sustained according to WHO's recommended standards. BFHI has been shown to significantly improve both the initiation and continuation of quality breastfeeding, which offers numerous benefits to both mothers and newborns. These benefits include reduced rates of malnutrition and stunted growth in infants and a lower incidence of ovarian and breast cancers in mothers. Given these benefits, it is crucial for student midwives to possess adequate knowledge of the ten steps to successful breastfeeding, as they will play a pivotal role in counseling and supporting breastfeeding practices in maternity settings. This study aims to assess the awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of final-year midwifery students at the University of Health and Allied Sciences (UHAS) regarding BFHI.
Aim
To determine the awareness, knowledge, and perception of BFHI among final-year midwifery students at UHAS in Ho, Ghana.
Methodology
A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a quantitative approach to assess the awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of final-year midwifery students at UHAS regarding BFHI. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire composed of closed-ended questions. The questionnaire was administered face-to-face to students who met the inclusion criteria and consented to participate. The collected data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version-22. All analyses were performed with a 95% confidence level and a 5% level of statistical significance.
Results
A total of 75 students participated in the study. The age distribution revealed that 32% (24 participants) were aged 26–30 years, while 68% (51 participants) were aged ≤ 25 years. The majority of respondents, 88% (66 participants), were single, with 12% (9 participants) being married. Regarding religion, 76% (57 participants) identified as Christians, 20% (15 participants) as Muslims, and 4% (3 participants) as traditionalists. All participants were female. Importantly, all participants had heard of BFHI, with 70.7% demonstrating good knowledge of the initiative and 76.0% holding a positive perception of it.
Conclusion
This study concludes that 70.7% of final-year midwifery students at UHAS possess good knowledge of BFHI, and 76.0% have a positive perception of it. Continuous education is recommended to further enhance these levels of knowledge and perception, ultimately improving breastfeeding rates in Ghana.
Factors contributing to prevent malaria in children aged 3 to 59 months after first cycle of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Tenkodogo Health District of Burkina Faso, July 2020: A prospective cohort study
Authors: KABORE Yewayan Larba Berenger , DIAO Watton Rodrigue , YELBEOGO Dénis , KOIDIMA Arouna , KAFANDO Lassane , DIANDA Fréderic , SAWADOGO Noaga , OUEDRAOGO Jean-Baptiste , KABORE Yamregma , KAMBOU Fréderic , ALBASSA Kodo , OUEDRAOGO Salfo , TRAORE Brahima , SEOGO Pedwinde Hamadou 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
The incidence of malaria in children under 5 years in Burkina Faso was 163‰ with a case fatality of 1.5% in 2018. Despite the implementation of several strategies, malaria incidence increases in Tenkodogo Health District after taking seasonal malaria chemo prevention (SMC). In order to better struggle this situation and take corrective measures, a study was undertaken.
Methods
We conducted a prospective cohort study from 10 June to 5 September 2020 at Tenkodogo Health District. The study population consisted of children aged 03 to 59 months. We conducted a cluster sample and selected 847 eligible children. We conducted a survey with mothers using a questionnaire and a literature review. We used Epi-info 7 for calculating averages, proportions and carried out multivariate logistic regression.
Results
The overall level of SMC adherence was 90.02%. During the 4-week follow-up, malaria incidence was 99.76 cases per 1000 children, increasing from 15.43 to 34.44 cases per 1000 children from the first to the fourth week after the first cycle of SMC. Advice from community health workers was a protective factor against malaria in children (RR = 0.43; CI 95% [0,24–0,75]
Conclusion
A gradual increase in malaria incidence after the first passage of SMC was objectified. Also, the advice given by the community health workers was a protective factor against malaria after first cycle of SMC. Measures to strengthen the quality of advice by community health workers are needed to reduce this incidence of malaria in children after SMC in Tenkodogo health district.