bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of the melting curve assay as a means for high-throughput quantification of Illumina sequencing libraries
Authors: Shinozuka Hiroshi , Forster John W. 
Published: August 2016

Background.Multiplexed sequencing is commonly performed on massively parallel short-read sequencing platforms such as Illumina, and the efficiency of library normalisation can affect the quality of the output dataset. Although several library normalisation approaches have been established, none are ideal for highly multiplexed sequencing due to issues of cost and/or processing time.Methods.An inexpensive and high-throughput library quantification method has been developed, based on an adaptation of the melting curve assay. Sequencing libraries were subjected to the assay using the Bio-Rad Laboratories CFX ConnectTMReal-Time PCR Detection System. The library quantity was calculated through summation of reduction of relative fluorescence units between 86 and 95 °C.Results.PCR-enriched sequencing libraries are suitable for this quantification without pre-purification of DNA. Short DNA molecules, which ideally should be eliminated from the library for subsequent processing, were differentiated from the target DNA in a mixture on the basis of differences in melting temperature. Quantification results for long sequences targeted using the melting curve assay were correlated with those from existing methods (R2> 0.77), and that observed from MiSeq sequencing (R2= 0.82).Discussion.The results of multiplexed sequencing suggested that the normalisation performance of the described method is equivalent to that of another recently reported high-throughput bead-based method, BeNUS. However, costs for the melting curve assay are considerably lower and processing times shorter than those of other existing methods, suggesting greater suitability for highly multiplexed sequencing applications.
Beauty without Borders
Authors: Li Xiaojing 
Published: August 2016

In this paper I investigate a reprint of a Meiji anthology titled Meiren qiantai shi 美人千態詩 (Poems on a thousand manners of beautiful women) by Shang- hai shuju (Shanghai Press) in 1914. This is the first time that this anthology has received critical attention. I examine the poems collected by the anthologist, contextualize the anthology in relation to traditions and trends in Japan and China, and analyze the significance of the poetic tradition centered on images of women for understanding border-crossing literati culture from the seventeenth to the early twentieth centuries.
My study revises both Japanese and Chinese literary history. I show that the practice of kanshi composition was sustained by major Japanese men of letters through the late Meiji (and even into the Shōwa) era. With the rise of modern Japanese literature, especially in the genre of fiction, it is generally held that there was a rupture between Edo and Meiji-Taisho literature. Within the discursive space carved out by the beauty anthology, however, we see a continuity that unified the Edo and Meiji eras. Furthermore, the Japanese poets’ particular engagement with the subgenre on beautiful women and related sentiments was concurrent with developments among the Chinese literati from the seventeenth to the early twentieth century.
Constraining the low‐cloud optical depth feedback at middle and high latitudes using satellite observations
Authors: Terai C. R. , Klein S. A. , Zelinka M. D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe increase in cloud optical depth with warming at middle and high latitudes is a robust cloud feedback response found across all climate models. This study builds on results that suggest the optical depth response to temperature is timescale invariant for low‐level clouds. The timescale invariance allows one to use satellite observations to constrain the models' optical depth feedbacks. Three passive‐sensor satellite retrievals are compared against simulations from eight models from the Atmosphere Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) of the 5th Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). This study confirms that the low‐cloud optical depth response is timescale invariant in the AMIP simulations, generally at latitudes higher than 40°. Compared to satellite estimates, most models overestimate the increase in optical depth with warming at the monthly and interannual timescales. Many models also do not capture the increase in optical depth with estimated inversion strength that is found in all three satellite observations and in previous studies. The discrepancy between models and satellites exists in both hemispheres and in most months of the year. A simple replacement of the models' optical depth sensitivities with the satellites' sensitivities reduces the negative shortwave cloud feedback by at least 50% in the 40°–70°S latitude band and by at least 65% in the 40°–70°N latitude band. Based on this analysis of satellite observations, we conclude that the low‐cloud optical depth feedback at middle and high latitudes is likely too negative in climate models.
Asymmetric Construction of Highly Functionalized Spirobarbiturate‐Cyclopentenes through Chiral Phosphine‐Catalyzed [3+2] Annulation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman Carbonates with Barbiturate‐Derived Alkenes
Authors: Liu Yang , Yang Wenjun , Wu Yang , Mao Biming , Gao Xing , Liu Honglei , Sun Zhanhu , Xiao Yumei , Guo Hongchao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA multifunctional chiral phosphine‐catalyzed enantioselective [3+2] annulation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with barbiturate‐derived alkenes has been achieved under mild conditions, providing a variety of chiral spirobarbiturate‐cyclopentenes in moderate to excellent yields with moderate to excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.magnified image
Total Syntheses of Carbazole Alkaloids Lansine F and Clauemarazole D
Authors: Guo Yanqin , Huang He , Zhang Tiantian , Qi Shuang , Liu Yizhen , Li Mengyang , Wang Penghao , Song Chuanjun , Chang Junbiao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe first total synthesis of carbazole alkaloids lansine F and clauemarazole D is described. The spectroscopic data of the synthetic molecules were identical to those displayed by the natural products, thus confirming the accuracy of the proposed structures.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae triggering the Guillain‐Barré syndrome: A case‐control study
Authors: Meyer Sauteur Patrick M. , Huizinga Ruth , Tio‐Gillen Anne P. , Roodbol Joyce , Hoogenboezem Theo , Jacobs Enno , van Rijn Monique , van der Eijk Annemiek A. , Vink Cornelis , de Wit Marie‐Claire Y. , van Rossum Annemarie M.C. , Jacobs Bart C. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveGuillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is an acute postinfectious immune‐mediated polyneuropathy. Although preceding respiratory tract infections with Mycoplasma pneumoniae have been reported in some cases, the role of M. pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of GBS remains unclear. We here cultured, for the first time, M. pneumoniae from a GBS patient with antibodies against galactocerebroside (GalC), which cross‐reacted with the isolate. This case prompted us to unravel the role of M. pneumoniae in GBS in a case‐control study.MethodsWe included 189 adults and 24 children with GBS and compared them to control cohorts for analysis of serum antibodies against M. pneumoniae (n = 479) and GalC (n = 198).ResultsAnti–M. pneumoniae immunoglobulin (Ig) M antibodies were detected in GBS patients and healthy controls in 3% and 0% of adults (p = 0.16) and 21% and 7% of children (p = 0.03), respectively. Anti‐GalC antibodies (IgM and/or IgG) were found in 4% of adults and 25% of children with GBS (p = 0.001). Anti‐GalC‐positive patients showed more‐frequent preceding respiratory symptoms, cranial nerve involvement, and a better outcome. Anti‐GalC antibodies correlated with anti–M. pneumoniae antibodies (p < 0.001) and cross‐reacted with different M. pneumoniae strains. Anti‐GalC IgM antibodies were not only found in GBS patients with M. pneumoniae infection, but also in patients without neurological disease (8% vs 9%; p = 0.87), whereas anti‐GalC IgG was exclusively found in patients with GBS (9% vs 0%; p = 0.006).InterpretationM. pneumoniae infection is associated with GBS, more frequently in children than adults, and elicits anti‐GalC antibodies, of which specifically anti‐GalC IgG may contribute to the pathogenesis of GBS. Ann Neurol 2016;80:566–580
Ultimately thin metasurface wave plates
Authors: Keene David , LePain Matthew , Durach Maxim 
Published: August 2016

Optical properties of a metasurface which can be considered a monolayer of uniaxial metamaterials ‐ parallel‐plate and nanorod arrays – are investigated. It is shown that such metasurface acts as an ultimately thin sub‐100 nm wave plate. This is achieved via an interplay of epsilon‐near‐zero and epsilon‐near‐pole behavior along different axes in the plane of the metasurface allowing for extremely rapid phase difference accumulation in very thin metasurface layers. These effects are shown to not be disrupted by non‐locality and can be applied to the design of ultrathin wave plates, Pancharatnam‐Berry phase optical elements and plasmon‐carrying optical torque wrench devices.
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From Biomass‐Derived Furans to Aromatics with Ethanol over Zeolite
Authors: Teixeira Ivo F. , Lo Benedict T. W. , Kostetskyy Pavlo , Stamatakis Michail , Ye Lin , Tang Chiu C. , Mpourmpakis Giannis , Tsang Shik Chi Edman 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe report a novel catalytic conversion of biomass‐derived furans and alcohols to aromatics over zeolite catalysts. Aromatics are formed via Diels–Alder cycloaddition with ethylene, which is produced in situ from ethanol dehydration. The use of liquid ethanol instead of gaseous ethylene, as the source of dienophile in this one‐pot synthesis, makes the aromatics production much simpler and renewable, circumventing the use of ethylene at high pressure. More importantly, both our experiments and theoretical studies demonstrate that the use of ethanol instead of ethylene, results in significantly higher rates and higher selectivity to aromatics, due to lower activation barriers over the solid acid sites. Synchrotron‐diffraction experiments and proton‐affinity calculations clearly suggest that a preferred protonation of ethanol over the furan is a key step facilitating the Diels–Alder and dehydration reactions in the acid sites of the zeolite.
Direct Synthesis of Silylamine from N2 and a Silane: Mediated by a Tridentate Phosphine Molybdenum Fragment
Authors: Liao Qian , Cavaillé Anthony , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Mézailles Nicolas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA homogeneous system which is able to yield silylamine from N2 and bis(silane) in one pot is reported. Mechanistically a {(triphosphine)molybdenum(I)} fragment, generated in situ, splits N2 into the corresponding nitrido complex at room temperature. Then, functionalization of the molybdenum nitrido is achieved by double Si−H addition under mild reaction conditions. Moreover, the bis(silyl)amine product is decoordinated from the metal center.
The Predentary Bone and Its Significance in the Evolution of Feeding Mechanisms in Ornithischian Dinosaurs
Authors: Nabavizadeh Ali , Weishampel David B. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe characteristic predentary bone in ornithischian dinosaurs is a unique, unpaired element located at the midline of the mandibular symphysis. Although traditionally thought to only be a plant “nipping” bone, the true functional significance of this bone among feeding mechanisms of ornithischian dinosaurs is poorly known. Recent studies of a select few ornithischian genera have suggested rotation of the mandibular corpora around their long axes relative to their midline joint articulation with the predentary bone. This study aims to re‐evaluate these hypotheses as well as provide in‐depth qualitative comparative descriptions of predentary bone morphology in ornithischian genera throughout all subclades, including heterodontosaurids, thyreophorans, ornithopods, and marginocephalians. Descriptions evaluate overall shape of the predentary, its articular surfaces contacting the rostral ends of the dentaries, and the morphology of the rostral extent of the dentaries and their midline symphysis. Functionally relevant morphologies in each predentary morphotype are accentuated for further speculation of feeding mechanisms. Three predentary morphotypes are described throughout ornithischian subclades and each plays a unique role in feeding adaptations. Most notably, the predentary likely evolved as a midline axial point of the mandibular symphysis for simultaneous variable movement or rotation of the mandibular corpora in many, but not all, taxa. This simultaneous movement of the hemimandibles would have aided in feeding on both sides of the jaw at once. The function of the predentary as well as other jaw adaptations is discussed for genera throughout all subclades, focusing on both general shape and joint morphology. Anat Rec, 299:1358–1388, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A reassessment of technological change models for the Australian high country
Authors: THEDEN‐RINGL FENJA 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLithic assemblages from five Aboriginal rock shelters in the Namadgi Ranges – including the first with cultural material dating to the early to mid‐Holocene – provide new perspectives on our understanding of Holocene lithic technology for this region of the south‐east Australian high country. They reveal a steady continuation of quartz predominance and bipolar knapping technique through time. Formal tools are rare, as is other evidence of retouch, but quantitative analyses reveal that raw material variation diversifies and artefact size decreases from the mid‐Holocene towards the past millennium, with some associated evidence of a shift in reduction intensity. Re‐analysis of the lithic assemblage from the nearby Birrigai rock shelter and information from other dated Namadgi sites provide further context for interpretation. This study finds a lack of evidence for Flood's proposed regional model of late Holocene technological transition from chert‐dominated backed artefact to bipolar quartz industry. There is also no evidence for a cultural change associated with a backed artefact proliferation beginning around 4500 to 3500 years BP, as proposed by Hiscock and others for south‐east Australia more generally. In fact, the technological shifts observed in the Namadgi high country – morphometric decline, raw material diversity and the appearance of backed artefacts – culminate in the past millennium.
Solvent‐Regulated Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Quinoline Derivatives in Oligo(Ethylene Glycol)s through Host–Guest Interactions
Authors: Wang Tianli , Chen Ya , Ouyang Guanghui , He Yan‐Mei , Li Zhiyan , Fan Qing‐Hua 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe asymmetric hydrogenation of quinolines in oligo(ethylene glycol)s (OEGs) and poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) with chiral cationic ruthenium diamine complexes has been investigated. Interestingly, in liquid PEGs or long‐chain OEGs, the Ru catalysts lost their reactivity. Upon the addition of a little MeOH, the hydrogenation of quinoline was switched “ON”. Evidence from mass spectrometry and control experiments revealed that encapsulation of the quinolinium salt by PEG or long‐chain OEG molecules through supramolecular interactions is possibly the main reason for such a switchable hydrogenation reaction. Moreover, the asymmetric hydrogenation of 2‐substituted quinoline derivatives was achieved in triethylene glycol (3‐OEG), thereby affording 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolines with excellent reactivities and enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee). Furthermore, the Ru catalyst could be readily recycled for both pure 3‐OEG and biphasic 3‐OEG/n‐hexane systems without a clear loss of reactivity and enantioselectivity.
Ring Expansion and Skeletal Rearrangement of Propargyl Alcohol Substituted Aziridines Induced by Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Wan Shu‐Hao , Lin Ying‐Chih , Liu Ling‐Kang , Liu Yi‐Hung 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe ring expansion and skeletal rearrangement of two types of propargyl alcohol substituted aziridines with or without cycloalkane moieties was induced by a ruthenium cyclopentadienyl phosphine complex. In the simple aziridine system with no cycloalkane, the unique cycloisomerization process altered the absolute connectivity of the two‐carbon unit in the three‐membered ring to give organometallic products with substituted pyridine or dihydropyridine ligands. For the aziridine on a cyclohexyl ring, the cycloisomerization process was controlled by an interchange process between vinylidene and allenylidene species, thus creating a better relative configuration of the aziridinyl and the alkynyl units. This determines the stereochemistry of the metal carbene products of the octahydroindole derivatives. The structures of five products were determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis.
Characteristics of multiscale vortices in the simulated formation of Typhoon Durian (2001)
Authors: Wang Yaping , Cui Xiaopeng , Huang Yongjie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe formation of Typhoon Durian (2001) was simulated well by the Weather Research and Forecasting model. The vorticity field was separated into three scales: small scale (L < 30 km), intermediate scale (30 km < L < 120 km), and system scale (L > 120 km), where L is wavelength. During the formation, small‐scale vorticity anomalies, associated with convection, aggregated radially inward and rotated anticlockwise. The system‐scale vorticity field presented a distinct mid‐level vortex before genesis, and then a well‐organized low‐level vortex. The spectral power of the low‐level vorticity at the small scale barely changed, while that at the system scale continued to grow steadily. The vorticity growth or spin‐up of the near‐surface tropical cyclone embryo was mainly due to the convergence of vertical vorticity flux at the planetary boundary layer. The positive (negative) effect of vorticity flux convergence at lower (middle‐to‐upper) levels appears to cause the shift of system‐scale vorticity center from the middle to lower troposphere.
On the Use of a Protic Ionic Liquid with a Novel Cation To Study Anion Basicity
Authors: Hasani Mohammad , Yarger Jeffery L. , Angell C. Austen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe need for reliable means of ordering and quantifying the Lewis basicity of anions is discussed and the currently available methods are reviewed. Concluding that there is need for a simple impurity‐insensitive tool, we have sought, and here describe, a new method using NMR spectroscopy of a weak base, a substituted urea, 1,3‐dimethyl‐2‐imidazolidinone (DMI), as it is protonated by Brønsted acids of different strengths and characters. In all cases studied the product of protonation is a liquid (hence a protic ionic liquid). NMR spectroscopy detects changes in the electronic structure of the base upon interaction with the proton donors. As the proton‐donating ability, that is, acidity, increases, there is a smooth but distinct transition from a hydrogen‐bonded system (with no net proton transfer) to full ionicity. The liquid state of the samples and high concentration of nitrogen atoms, despite the very low natural abundance of its preferred NMR‐active isotope (15N), make possible the acquisition of 15N spectra in a relatively short time. These 15N, along with 13C, chemical shifts of the carbonyl atom, and their relative responses to protonation of the carbonyl oxygen, can be used as a means, sensitive to anion basicity and relatively insensitive to impurities, to sort anions in order of increasing hydrogen bond basicity. The order is found to be as follows: SbF6−<BF4−<NTf2−>ClO4−>FSO3−<TfO−<HSO4−<Cl−<MsO−.
Bis‐Boron Compounds in Catalysis: Bidentate and Bifunctional Activation
Authors: Schweighauser Luca , Wegner Hermann A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe development of metal‐free catalysts as an alternative to the use of transition metals has gained tremendous interest in the past. In catalysis, Lewis acidity is one of the major principles used for the activation of organic compounds. Improving the reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acids by utilizing bidentate interactions was already proposed 50 years ago. Nevertheless, product inhibition due to strong binding has made applications of bidentate Lewis acids challenging for many years. Recently, bis‐boron compounds have been found to be very effective and several applications in Diels–Alder reactions, carbon dioxide reduction, and ammonia‐borane dehydrogenation were reported. All three transformations are enabled by the catalyst at different stages during the course of the reaction. These new and useful examples illustrate the great potential of the concept.
Orthogonal Dual‐Triggered Shape‐Memory DNA‐Based Hydrogels
Authors: Yu Xu , Hu Yuwei , Kahn Jason S. , Cecconello Alessandro , Willner Itamar 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDNA‐based shape‐memory hydrogels revealing switchable shape recovery in the presence of two orthogonal triggers are described. In one system, a shaped DNA/acrylamide hydrogel is stabilized by duplex nucleic acids and pH‐responsive cytosine‐rich, i‐motif, bridges. Separation of the i‐motif bridges at pH 7.4 transforms the hydrogel into a quasi‐liquid, shapeless state, that includes the duplex bridges as permanent shape‐memory elements. Subjecting the quasi‐liquid state to pH 5.0 or Ag+ ions recovers the hydrogel shape, due to the stabilization of the hydrogel by i‐motif or C‐Ag+‐C bridged i‐motif. The cysteamine‐induced transformation of the duplex/C‐Ag+‐C bridged i‐motif hydrogel into a quasi‐liquid shapeless state results in the recovery of the shaped hydrogel in the presence of H+ or Ag+ ions as triggers. In a second system, a shaped DNA/acrylamide hydrogel is generated by DNA duplexes and bridging Pb2+ or Sr2+ ions‐stabilized G‐quadruplex subunits. Subjecting the shaped hydrogel to the DOTA or KP ligands eliminates the Pb2+ or Sr2+ ions from the respective hydrogels, leading to shapeless, memory‐containing, quasi‐liquid states that restore the original shapes with Pb2+ or Sr2+ ions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Thermal and Electrical Properties of Al‐Doped Bi4V1.8Cu0.2O10.7.
Authors: Essalim R. , Ammar A. , Tanouti B. , Mauvy F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPartial substitution of Cu by Al in Bi4V1.8Cu0.2O10.7 to polycrystalline Bi4V1.8Cu0.2‐xAlx O10.7+x/2 (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15) solid solutions is performed by heating stoichiometric amounts of the metal oxides in air (Pt crucible, 840 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Spin‐Driven Multiferroic Properties of PbMn7O12 Perovskite.
Authors: Belik Alexei A. , Glazkova Yana S. , Terada Noriki , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Sobolev Alexey V. , Presniakov Igor A. , Tsujii Naohito , Nimori Shigeki , Takehana Kanji , Imanaka Yasutaka 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPbMn7O12 is prepared by hot press sintering of a stoichiometric mixture of Mn2O3, MnO2, and PbO (Au capsule in belt‐type apparatus, 6 GPa, 1373 K, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Geometrical Spin Frustration of Unusually High Valence Fe5+ in the Double Perovskite La2LiFeO6.
Authors: Xiong Peng , Seki Hayato , Guo Haichuan , Hosaka Yoshiteru , Saito Takashi , Mizumaki Masaichiro , Shimakawa Yuichi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPolycrystalline samples of La2Li1‐xMgxFeO6 (x = 0—0.5) are prepared by hot press sintering of appropriate amounts of La2O3, Li2O2, Fe2O3, and MgO plus KClO4 as oxidant (Pt capsule in cubic anvil cell, 8 GPa, 900 °C, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Macroporous‐Spherical Polyanionic Compound (TiO)2P2O7 as a Novel Anode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries.
Authors: Zhang Shuming , Liu Yu , Zhang Na , Zhao Kuan , Yang Jianhua , He Shiyang 
Published: August 2016

Abstract(TiO)2P2O7 is precipitated from an aqueous solution of NH4H2PO4 to which polyethylene glycol and H2O2 (30%) are given followed by quick addition of aq.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Polymorph of NaBiO3.
Authors: Naa Octavianti , Kumada Nobuhiro , Miura Akira , Takei Takahiro , Azuma Masaki , Kusano Yoshihiro , Oka Kengo 
Published: August 2016

Abstractβ‐NaBiO3 is obtained by hot press sintering of ilmenite‐type NaBiO3 (Au capsule in cubic anvil cell, 6 GPa, 600 °C, 30 min).