bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plateau–Rayleigh Instability Morphology Evolution (PRIME): From Electrospun Core–Shell Polymer Fibers to Polymer Microbowls
Authors: Chiu Yu‐Jing , Tseng Hsiao‐Fan , Lo Yu‐Ching , Wu Bo‐Hao , Chen Jiun‐Tai 
Published: January 2017

Electrospun core–shell fibers have great potentials in many areas, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, and organic solar cells. Although many core–shell fibers have been prepared and studied, the morphology transformation of core–shell fibers have been rarely studied. In this work, the morphology evolution of electrospun core–shell polymer fibers driven by the Plateau–Rayleigh instability is investigated. Polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA) core–shell fibers are first prepared by using blend solutions and a single axial electrospinning setup. After PS/PMMA core–shell fibers are annealed on a PS film, the fibers undulate and sink into the polymer film, forming core–shell hemispheres. The evolution process, which can be observed in situ by optical microscopy, is mainly driven by achieving lower surface and interfacial energies. The morphologies of the transformed structures can be confirmed by a selective removal technique, and polymer microbowls can be obtained.
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Development of a reference database for assessing dietary nitrate in vegetables
Authors: Blekkenhorst Lauren C. , Prince Richard L. , Ward Natalie C. , Croft Kevin D. , Lewis Joshua R. , Devine Amanda , Shinde Sujata , Woodman Richard J. , Hodgson Jonathan M. , Bondonno Catherine P. 
Published: January 2017

ScopeNitrate from vegetables improves vascular health with short‐term intake. Whether this translates into improved long‐term health outcomes has yet to be investigated. To enable reliable analysis of nitrate intake from food records, there is a strong need for a comprehensive nitrate content of vegetables database.Methods and resultsA systematic literature search (1980–2016) was performed using Medline, Agricola and Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux abstracts databases. The nitrate content of vegetables database contains 4237 records from 255 publications with data on 178 vegetables and 22 herbs and spices. The nitrate content of individual vegetables ranged from Chinese flat cabbage (median; range: 4240; 3004–6310 mg/kg FW) to corn (median; range: 12; 5–1091 mg/kg FW). The database was applied to estimate vegetable nitrate intake using 24‐h dietary recalls (24‐HDRs) and food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Significant correlations were observed between urinary nitrate excretion and 24‐HDR (r = 0.4, P = 0.013), between 24‐HDR and 12 month FFQs (r = 0.5, P < 0.001) as well as two 4 week FFQs administered 8 weeks apart (r = 0.86, P < 0.001).ConclusionThis comprehensive nitrate database allows quantification of dietary nitrate from a large variety of vegetables. It can be applied to dietary records to explore the associations between nitrate intake and health outcomes in human studies.
Long‐time Performance of Bottles Made of PET Blended with Various Concentrations of Oxygen Scavenger Additive Stored at Different Temperatures
Authors: Sängerlaub Sven , Müller Kajetan 
Published: January 2017

Blending of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with oxygen scavenger additives is a way to reduce ingress of oxygen into PET bottles made of these blends. The objective is to reduce oxidation of packaged beverages and oils. However, few studies were performed about the long‐time influence of temperature on PET bottles with oxygen scavenger additives. Such knowledge is relevant for the development of accelerated tests. In this study, the influence of temperature on oxygen permeation of PET bottles with the oxygen scavenger additives MXD6 or Oxyclear® was examined. PET bottles made of blends of PET with 2, 5 and 8 wt.−% MXD6, respectively, or with 2 wt.−% Oxyclear® were filled with deoxygenated water. The bottles were stored at 5, 23, 38 and 55 °C up to 5 years. Oxygen partial pressure of the water in the bottles was measured regularly. As expected, oxygen partial pressure increased earlier at higher temperature because of faster exhaustion of the oxygen scavenger. Oxygen partial pressure of water in PET bottles with 8 wt.−% MXD6 was below 10 mbar even after 5 years storage time at 5 and 23 °C. Oxygen absorption capacity of activated MXD6 was at least 76 mg/g. This study shows that PET bottles with oxygen scavengers are able to reduce the oxygen ingress for several years, even at elevated temperatures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jamming resistant non‐interactive anonymous and unlinkable authentication scheme for mobile satellite networks
Authors: Ibrahim Maged Hamada , Kumari Saru , Das Ashok Kumar , Odelu Vanga 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMost of the previously proposed schemes use temporary identities for mobile users to provide unlinkable anonymous authentication for mobile users to the satellite network control center (NCC), where the temporary identities are picked at random after each session and agreed between a mobile user U and the NCC for the next session. Although such schemes provide full anonymity and are computationally efficient, the common problem with such strategies is that an adversary is able to desynchronize the temporary identity shared between U and NCC by means of simple jamming attack at a certain round in the authentication protocol. It results in the denial of all future sessions unless U re‐registers a new identity at the NCC. In this paper, we propose a new authentication scheme for mobile satellite networks. We avoid using synchronized temporary identities, which are always vulnerable to desynchronization attacks. We also avoid multi‐round authentication phase in order to reduce the jamming effect. Instead, a mobile user is able to create a new blinded version of his clear identity for each established session noninteractively, allowing him to anonymously authenticate himself to NCC in a fully unlinkable fashion. Moreover, in few milliseconds and one move non‐interactive way, U is able to establish a session key with NCC in a fully anonymous and authenticated way. Our new scheme uses recent advances in elliptic curve cryptography, and hence, it is efficient for implementation on mobile devices with limited resources. Through the rigorous security analysis using the broadly accepted Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic, informal security analysis, and the simulation for formal security verification using the widely known automated validation of Internet security protocols and sapplications tool, we show that our scheme is secure against various known attacks. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
America’s Churning Races: Race and Ethnicity Response Changes Between Census 2000 and the 2010 Census
Authors: Liebler Carolyn A. , Porter Sonya R. , Fernandez Leticia E. , Noon James M. , Ennis Sharon R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA person’s racial or ethnic self-identification can change over time and across contexts, which is a component of population change not usually considered in studies that use race and ethnicity as variables. To facilitate incorporation of this aspect of population change, we show patterns and directions of individual-level race and Hispanic response change throughout the United States and among all federally recognized race/ethnic groups. We use internal U.S. Census Bureau data from the 2000 and 2010 censuses in which responses have been linked at the individual level (N = 162 million). Approximately 9.8 million people (6.1 %) in our data have a different race and/or Hispanic-origin response in 2010 than they did in 2000. Race response change was especially common among those reported as American Indian, Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian, Other Pacific Islander, in a multiple-race response group, or Hispanic. People reported as non-Hispanic white, black, or Asian in 2000 usually had the same response in 2010 (3 %, 6 %, and 9 % of responses changed, respectively). Hispanic/non-Hispanic ethnicity responses were also usually consistent (13 % and 1 %, respectively, changed). We found a variety of response change patterns, which we detail. In many race/Hispanic response groups, we see population churn in the form of large countervailing flows of response changes that are hidden in cross-sectional data. We find that response changes happen across ages, sexes, regions, and response modes, with interesting variation across racial/ethnic categories. Researchers should address the implications of race and Hispanic-origin response change when designing analyses and interpreting results.
Measuring Residential Segregation With the ACS: How the Margin of Error Affects the Dissimilarity Index
Authors: Napierala Jeffrey , Denton Nancy 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe American Community Survey (ACS) provides valuable, timely population estimates but with increased levels of sampling error. Although the margin of error is included with aggregate estimates, it has not been incorporated into segregation indexes. With the increasing levels of diversity in small and large places throughout the United States comes a need to track accurately and study changes in racial and ethnic segregation between censuses. The 2005–2009 ACS is used to calculate three dissimilarity indexes (D) for all core-based statistical areas (CBSAs) in the United States. We introduce a simulation method for computing segregation indexes and examine them with particular regard to the size of the CBSAs. Additionally, a subset of CBSAs is used to explore how ACS indexes differ from those computed using the 2000 and 2010 censuses. Findings suggest that the precision and accuracy of D from the ACS is influenced by a number of factors, including the number of tracts and minority population size. For smaller areas, point estimates systematically overstate actual levels of segregation, and large confidence intervals lead to limited statistical power.
THE AFGHAN DISCOVERY OF BUDDHA: CIVILIZATIONAL HISTORY AND THE NATIONALIZING OF AFGHAN ANTIQUITY
Authors: Green Nile 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThrough their interactions with French archaeologists from around 1930, Afghan historians formulated a new official historical identity for Afghanistan based on its pre-Islamic past. This article provides the first analysis of this process by tracing the emergence of the new historiography through the career of its chief promoter, Ahmad ʿAli Kuhzad, as curator of the National Museum (founded 1931) and director of the Afghan Historical Society (founded 1942). Through placing Kuhzad in these official institutional settings and reading his major works, the article shows how traditional Persianate historiography was challenged by an imported and amended version of world civilizational history. In the decades after independence in 1919, this new historical vision allowed the young Afghan nation-state to stake its civilizational claims on an international stage. In these previously unexcavated historiographical strata lie the roots of the Taliban's iconoclasm, which are revealed as a dialogical response to the state cultural institutions that remade Afghanistan as Aryana.
FEAR AND LOATHING IN “GAVUR” IZMIR: EMOTIONS IN EARLY REPUBLICAN MEMORIES OF THE GREEK OCCUPATION (1919–22)
Authors: Morack Ellinor 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBased on a series of recollections published between January and April 1926 in the Izmir-based daily newspaperAhenk(Harmony), this article explores how individual Muslim Turks remembered their emotional responses to the Greek occupation of that city (May 1919–September 1922). Analyzing these recollections, it considers why certain events were remembered while others were almost completely left out. By studying how Muslim Turks described their feelings towards the occupying forces, local non-Muslims, and the eventually victorious Turkish army, the article makes an initial contribution to the history of emotions in early republican Turkey. I argue that the composition and consumption of memories were avenues for connecting emotionally to the Turkish nationalist project. This finding challenges the widespread notion that the early republican period was characterized by collective amnesia of the immediate past, and contributes to the growing body of scholarship on popular participation in early republican nationalism.
The weakened Weibel instability of collimated fast electron beam in nanotube array
Authors: Liao L. , Zhao R. , Bie Y. , Zhang H. , Hu C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Weibel instability of the collimated MeV fast electron beams in a nanotube array target is researched in this work. It is found that the filamentation of the fast electrons is significantly suppressed. When fast electrons propagate the nanotube array, a strong magnetic field is created near the surface of tubes to obstruct the transverse movement of the fast electrons and bend them into the inner vacuum spaces between the successive tubes. In consequence, the positive feedback loop between the magnetic field perturbation and the electrons density perturbation is broken and the Weibel instability is thus weakened. Furthermore, the calculated results by a hybrid particle-in-cell code have also proven this weakening effect on the Weibel instability. Because of the high-energy density delivered by the MeV electrons, these results indicate some significant applications in the high-energy physics, such as radiography, fast-electron beam focusing, and perhaps fast ignition.
Phylogenomics of Rhodobacteraceae reveals evolutionary adaptation to marine and non-marine habitats
Authors: Simon Meinhard , Scheuner Carmen , Meier-Kolthoff Jan P , Brinkhoff Thorsten , Wagner-Döbler Irene , Ulbrich Marcus , Klenk Hans-Peter , Schomburg Dietmar , Petersen Jörn , Göker Markus 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Marine Rhodobacteraceae (Alphaproteobacteria) are key players of biogeochemical cycling, comprise up to 30% of bacterial communities in pelagic environments and are often mutualists of eukaryotes. As ‘Roseobacter clade’, these ‘roseobacters’ are assumed to be monophyletic, but non-marine Rhodobacteraceae have not yet been included in phylogenomic analyses. Therefore, we analysed 106 genome sequences, particularly emphasizing gene sampling and its effect on phylogenetic stability, and investigated relationships between marine versus non-marine habitat, evolutionary origin and genomic adaptations. Our analyses, providing no unequivocal evidence for the monophyly of roseobacters, indicate several shifts between marine and non-marine habitats that occurred independently and were accompanied by characteristic changes in genomic content of orthologs, enzymes and metabolic pathways. Non-marine Rhodobacteraceae gained high-affinity transporters to cope with much lower sulphate concentrations and lost genes related to the reduced sodium chloride and organohalogen concentrations in their habitats. Marine Rhodobacteraceae gained genes required for fucoidan desulphonation and synthesis of the plant hormone indole 3-acetic acid and the compatible solutes ectoin and carnitin. However, neither plasmid composition, even though typical for the family, nor the degree of oligotrophy shows a systematic difference between marine and non-marine Rhodobacteraceae. We suggest the operational term ‘Roseobacter group’ for the marine Rhodobacteraceae strains.
A robust and tuneable mid-infrared optical switch enabled by bulk Dirac fermions
Authors: Zhu Chunhui , Wang Fengqiu , Meng Yafei , Yuan Xiang , Xiu Faxian , Luo Hongyu , Wang Yazhou , Li Jianfeng , Lv Xinjie , He Liang , Xu Yongbing , Liu Junfeng , Zhang Chao , Shi Yi , Zhang Rong , Zhu Shining 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPulsed lasers operating in the mid-infrared (3–20 μm) are important for a wide range of applications in sensing, spectroscopy, imaging and communications. Despite recent advances with mid-infrared gain platforms, the lack of a capable pulse generation mechanism remains a significant technological challenge. Here we show that bulk Dirac fermions in molecular beam epitaxy grown crystalline Cd3As2, a three-dimensional topological Dirac semimetal, constitutes an exceptional ultrafast optical switching mechanism for the mid-infrared. Significantly, we show robust and effective tuning of the scattering channels of Dirac fermions via an element doping approach, where photocarrier relaxation times are found flexibly controlled over an order of magnitude (from 8 ps to 800 fs at 4.5 μm). Our findings reveal the strong impact of Cr doping on ultrafast optical properties in Cd3As2 and open up the long sought parameter space crucial for the development of compact and high-performance mid-infrared ultrafast sources.
Rapid adaptive phenotypic change following colonization of a newly restored habitat
Authors: Lo Cascio Sætre Camilla , Coleiro Charles , Austad Martin , Gauci Mark , Sætre Glenn-Peter , Voje Kjetil Lysne , Eroukhmanoff Fabrice 
Published: January 2017

AbstractReal-time observation of adaptive evolution in the wild is rare and limited to cases of marked, often anthropogenic, environmental change. Here we present the case of a small population of reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) over a period of 19 years (1996–2014) after colonizing a restored wetland habitat in Malta. Our data show a population decrease in body mass, following a trajectory consistent with a population ascending an adaptive peak, a so-called Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process. We corroborate these findings with genetic and ecological data, revealing that individual survival is correlated with body mass, and more than half of the variation in mean population fitness is explained by variation in body mass. Despite a small effective population size, an adaptive response has taken place within a decade. A founder event from a large, genetically variable source population to the southern range margin of the reed warbler distribution likely facilitated this process.
Selective gating to vibrational modes through resonant X-ray scattering
Authors: Couto Rafael C. , Cruz Vinícius V. , Ertan Emelie , Eckert Sebastian , Fondell Mattis , Dantz Marcus , Kennedy Brian , Schmitt Thorsten , Pietzsch Annette , Guimarães Freddy F. , Ågren Hans , Gel’mukhanov Faris , Odelius Michael , Kimberg Victor , Föhlisch Alexander 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe dynamics of fragmentation and vibration of molecular systems with a large number of coupled degrees of freedom are key aspects for understanding chemical reactivity and properties. Here we present a resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) study to show how it is possible to break down such a complex multidimensional problem into elementary components. Local multimode nuclear wave packets created by X-ray excitation to different core-excited potential energy surfaces (PESs) will act as spatial gates to selectively probe the particular ground-state vibrational modes and, hence, the PES along these modes. We demonstrate this principle by combining ultra-high resolution RIXS measurements for gas-phase water with state-of-the-art simulations.
Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding Among Dabigatran Users – A Self Controlled Case Series Analysis
Authors: Tang Wenze , Chang Hsien-Yen , Zhou Meijia , Singh Sonal 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article aims to evaluate the real world risk of gastrointestinal bleeding among users naïve to dabigatran. We adopted a self-controlled case series design. We sampled 1215 eligible adult participants who were continuous insured users between July 1, 2010 and March 31, 2012 with use of dabigatran and at least one gastrointestinal bleeding episode. We used a conditional Poisson regression to estimate incidence rate ratios. The population consisted of 64.69% of male and 60.25% patients equal to or greater than age 65 at start of observation. After adjustment for time-variant confounders, the incidence rate of gastrointestinal bleeding was similar during dabigatran risk period and non-exposed period (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.90, 1.15). There was no significant difference in GI incidence rate between periods of dabigatran and warfarin (IRR = 0.99, 95% CI 0.75–1.31). Among this database of young and healthy participants, dabigatran was not associated with increased incidence rate of GI bleeding compared with non-exposed period among naïve dabigatran users. We did not detect an increased risk of GI bleeding over dabigatran vs warfarin risk period. Along with other studies on safety and effectiveness, this study should help clinicians choose the appropriate anticoagulant for their patients.
The association of bacterial C9-based TTX-like compounds with Prorocentrum minimum opens new uncertainties about shellfish seafood safety
Authors: Rodríguez Inés , Alfonso Amparo , Alonso Eva , Rubiolo Juan A. , Roel María , Vlamis Aristidis , Katikou Panagiota , Jackson Stephen A. , Menon Margassery Lekha , Dobson Alan , Botana Luis M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn 2012, Tetrodotoxin (TTX) was identified in mussels and linked to the presence of Prorocentrum minimum (P. minimum) in Greece. The connexion between TTX and P. minimum was further studied in this paper. First, the presence of TTX-producer bacteria, Vibrio and Pseudomonas spp, was confirmed in Greek mussels. In addition these samples showed high activity as inhibitors of sodium currents (INa). P. minimum was before associated with neurotoxic symptoms, however, the nature and structure of toxins produced by this dinoflagellate remains unknown. Three P. minimum strains, ccmp1529, ccmp2811 and ccmp2956, growing in different conditions of temperature, salinity and light were used to study the production of toxic compounds. Electrophysiological assays showed no effect of ccmp2811 strain on INa, while ccmp1529 and ccmp2956 strains were able to significantly reduce INa in the same way as TTX. In these samples two new compounds, m/z 265 and m/z 308, were identified and characterized by liquid chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry. Besides, two TTX-related bacteria, Roseobacter and Vibrio sp, were observed. These results show for the first time that P. minimum produce TTX-like compounds with a similar ion pattern and C9-base to TTX analogues and with the same effect on INa.
Insecticidal toxicities of carvacrol and thymol derived from Thymus vulgaris Lin. against Pochazia shantungensis Chou & Lu., newly recorded pest
Authors: Park Jun-Hwan , Jeon Ye-Jin , Lee Chi-Hoon , Chung Namhyun , Lee Hoi-Seon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe insecticidal toxicities of five essential oils against Pochazia shantungensis adults and nymphs, newly recorded pests, were evaluated. The LC50 values of Thymus vulgaris, Ruta graveolens, Citrus aurantium, Leptospermum petersonii and Achillea millefolium oils were recorded as 57.48, 84.44, 92.58, 113.26 and 125.78 mg/L, respectively, against P. shantungensis nymphs using the leaf dipping bioassay, and 75.80, 109.86, 113.26, 145.06 and 153.74 mg/L, respectively, against P. shantungensis adults using the spray bioassay method. Regarding volatile components identified in T. vulgaris oil, the LC50 values of carvacrol and thymol using the leaf dipping bioassay against P. shantungensis nymphs were 56.74 and 28.52 mg/L, respectively. The insecticidal action of T. vulgaris oil against P. shantungensis could be attributed to carvacrol and thymol. Based on the structure-toxicity relationship between thymol analogs and insecticidal toxicities against P. shantungensis nymphs similar to the LC50 values against P. shantungensis adults, the LC50 values of thymol, carvacrol, citral, 2-isopropylphenol, 3-isopropylphenol, and 4-isopropylphenol were 28.52, 56.74 and 89.12, 71.41, 82.49, and 111.28 mg/L, respectively. These results indicate that the insecticidal mode of action of thymol analogs may be largely attributed to the methyl functional group. Thymol analogues have promising potential as first-choice insecticides against P. shantungensis adults and nymphs.