bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENETAPAN PUSAT PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN UNIT-UNIT PENDAPATAN PADA BISNIS RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Widarto Widarto 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Title: [The Determination of Responsibility Center of Revenue Units on Hospital Business]</strong><br /><br />The purpose of starting a business is the goal of economic and social objectives. In the economic profit goals into measurement tools are easy to do. To measure the success of the hospital business is supported by profit income units, so the determination of income units will be important in determining the responsibility center of management. By that way the hospital business and the number of units of income are so complexity, the hospital management to collect revenue from sources Outpatient, Inpatient, Support Unit and also others. Income units that occur in outpatient covering the ER, Poly and specialists, delivery room, operating room and physiotherapy. While there are general in inpatient wards, maternal ward, pediatric ward, ICU, NICU and ICCU. In the supporting unit no pharmacy, laboratory, radiology, laundry, sterileyzation and hem dialysis. Other units there are cafeterias, parking lots and incinerators.</p>
PENGARUH INTERNAL PERUSAHAAN, EKSTERNAL AUDIT, DAN KOMITE AUDIT TERHADAP AUDIT DELAY DI PERUSAHAAN GO PUBLIC DI INDONESIA
Authors: Tias Fauziah Wahyuning , Triani Ni Nyoman Alit 
Published: January 2016

<span>Audit delay is the time difference between the date of the financial statements <span>and independent auditor’s report. This study aims to identify and analyze <span>whether the debt-to-equity ratio (DER), gain or loss suffered by the company, <span>the size of the firm, the auditor’s opinion, the size of the audit committee and the <span>number of audit committee meetings to audit delay in the manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used <span>in this study was purposive sampling and obtained a sample of 31 companies. <span>This research was conducted in the period 2008 to 2012. The data used are the <span>financial statements, annual reports and ICMD. Multiple regression method is <span>used to prove the hypothesis. Testing in this study using SPSS version 21. The <span>results of this study indicate that the debt-to-equity ratio (DER), gain or loss <span>suffered by the company, the size of the firm, the auditor’s opinion, the size of <span>the audit committee and the number of audit committee meetings simultaneously affect the audit delay . Partially, the audit opinion affect the audit <span>delay. Other variables such as the debt-to-equity ratio (DER), gain or loss <span>suffered by the company, the size of the firm, the size of the audit committee and <span>the number of audit committee meetings does not affect the audit delay.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br /><br /></span>
Effect of Simvastatin Prodrug on Experimental Periodontitis
Authors: Bradley Aaron D. , Zhang Yijia , Jia Zhenshan , Zhao Gang , Wang Xiaobei , Pranke Laura , Schmid Marian J. , Wang Dong , Reinhardt Richard A. 
Published: January 2016

Background: Local application of statins has shown potential in preventing and regenerating bone loss associated with experimental periodontitis. This study evaluates the effect of a novel simvastatin (SIM) prodrug (capable of delivering high doses to periodontitis inflammatory lesion and cells) on experimental periodontitis bone loss and inflammation.Methods: Forty mature female Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to ligature‐induced experimental periodontitis between maxillary first and second molars (M1‐M2). Equal groups were treated with three weekly doses of: 1) prodrug carrier alone (mPEG); 2) 0.5 mg SIM dose equivalent in carrier (SIM/SIM‐mPEG); 3) 1.0 mg SIM/SIM‐mPEG; 4) 1.5 mg SIM/SIM‐mPEG; or 5) ligature alone. Contralateral molars served as unmanipulated controls. Four weeks after initiation of periodontitis, animals were euthanized, the M1‐M2 interproximal was evaluated with microcomputed tomography and histology, and data were analyzed with one‐way analysis of variance.Results: Ligature alone caused a mean bone loss of 1.01 ± 0.06 mm from the cemento‐enamel junction, whereas all doses of SIM/SIM‐mPEG reduced bone loss, especially 1.5 mg SIM/SIM‐mPEG (0.68 ± 0.05 mm, P <0.001), which was not statistically different from contralateral control (0.47 ± 0.06 mm). A dose of 1.5 mg SIM/SIM‐mPEG also reduced percentage of neutrophils compared with carrier alone (2.0% ± 1.0% versus 5.7% ± 1.1%; P <0.05), and increased amount of uninflamed connective tissue in the M1‐M2 interproximal area (65.2% ± 3.3% versus 46.3% ± 3.3%; P <0.001). The mPEG carrier alone did not have bone‐sparing or anti‐inflammatory properties.Conclusion: Multiple local 1.5‐mg doses of a macromolecular SIM prodrug decreases amount of experimental periodontitis bone loss and inflammation in rats.
Clinical Efficacy of A Single Dose Radioiodine Therapy for Hyperthyroidism
Authors: Jawa Zabah Muhammed , Ahmed Rufai Isa , Ismail Aisha 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Objective</strong>: Radioiodine is a safe, cheap, and recognized permanent treatment option for patients with hyperthyroidism. Despite, the extensive use of radioiodine therapy in hyperthyroidism there is no consensus regarding the optimal dose of radioiodine. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and our clinical experience with the use of a single dose radioiodine therapy for hyperthyroidism in our institution.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 274 patients who received a single dose of radioactive iodine therapy for hyperthyroidism at our institution between 2007-2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 186 patients had Graves’ disease (GD), 73 patients had Plummer’s disease (PD), and 15 patients had a single toxic adenoma (STA). All patients received between 10-30mCi of oral radioiodine capsule. The efficacy of therapy was determined 3 months post-therapy using serum thyroid function test, weight and heart rate measurements. Therapy success refers to patients whose outcome was euthyroidism and hypothyroidism post-therapy and treatment failure where patients still manifested with persistent hyperthyroidism.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The efficacy of a single dose of radioiodine 3months post-therapy varies with the type of hyperthyroidism, 96% for Graves’s disease, 92% for Plummer’s disease and 100% in single toxic adenoma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our study showed that a single dose of radioactive iodine therapy 3 months post-therapy is 96% efficient in all types of hyperthyroidism. However, we observed that patients at risk of therapy failure 3month post-therapy included, large thyroid gland prolong antithyroid drug usage and male gender.</p><p> </p>
Association between a shelter-neuter-return program and cat health at a large municipal animal shelter
Authors: Edinboro Charlotte H. , Watson Heather N. , Fairbrother Anne 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine effects of a shelter-neuter-return (SNR) program on cat admissions and health at a large municipal animal shelter in Northern California.
DESIGN Retrospective cohort study.
ANIMALS 117,383 cats for which data were recorded in the San Jose Animal Care Center database between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2013.
PROCEDURES Shelter records were analyzed for trends in cat demographic data, shelter intake and outcome types, and prevalence of upper respiratory infection (URI) over the 8-year period and before and after initiation of an SNR program on March 8, 2010.
RESULTS Number of cats admitted to the shelter each year decreased significantly over 8 years; beginning in 2010, duration of stay decreased. Proportion of cats euthanized decreased from 66.6% (28,976/43,517) in the pre-SNR period to 34.9% (11,999/34,380) in the post-SNR period, whereas prevalence of URI increased from 5.5% to 6.8%, and median duration of shelter stay decreased from 6 to 5 days for cats < 4 months of age and from 8 to 6 days for older cats. With implementation of the SNR program and a new treatment policy for cats with URI, more cats received treatment with less medication, yielding cost savings.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Initiation of the SNR program was associated with a decreased number of cats admitted to the shelter and a lower proportion euthanized. With increased resources to care for cats with URI and changes in the URI treatment protocol, fewer cats were euthanized for URI and more cats were treated at lower cost and with a briefer shelter stay.
Sirtuin 6 Modulates Hypoxia-Induced Autophagy in Nasal Polyp Fibroblasts via Inhibition of Glycolysis
Authors: Shun Chia-Tung , Lin Sze-Kwan , Hong Chi-Yuan , Lin Chih-Feng , Liu Chia-Ming 
Published: January 2016

Background To elucidate the interaction between hypoxia-induced autophagy and glycolysis in nasal polyp fibroblasts, and the regulatory role of Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in the pathogenesis of nasal polyp. Objective Through examining the expressions of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), microtubule-associated protein II light chain 3 (LC3II) (an autophagy marker), and production of lactate under hypoxia, the interaction between autophagy and glycolysis was investigated. The role of SIRT6 on the hypoxia-induced autophagy and glycolysis was also examined. Methods Nasal polyp specimens were used to examine the expressions of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α, LDH, and LC3II by Western blot analysis, and primary cultures of nasal polyp fibroblasts were established from resected nasal polyps to measure hypoxia-induced LDH and LC3II expression by Western blot analysis and lactate production by colorimetry. Forced expression of SIRT6 with a lentiviral-based technique was used to evaluate its suppressive effect on autophagy and glycolysis. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expressions of SIRT6, LDH, and beclin (another autophagy marker) in nasal polyps. Results Expression of HIF-1α, LDH, and an autophagy marker, LC3II, are increased in nasal polyp specimens, and forced expression of SIRT6 in nasal polyp fibroblasts inhibited LDH expression, lactate production under hypoxia, and SIRT6. An immunohistochemistry study of nasal polyp showed that SIRT6 expression was reduced and LDH and beclin were enhanced. Conclusion Analysis of these data indicated that hypoxia may contribute to the formation of nasal polyp by promoting autophagy in nasal polyp fibroblasts. Through the antiglycolytic activity of SIRT6, the autophagy was suppressed, which was beneficial to nasal polyp formation. Modulation of glucose metabolism through SIRT6-based strategy may possess therapeutic potential for nasal polyposis in the future.
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery reimplantation: buffer lengths, perforator anatomy, and technical limitations
Authors: Tayebi Meybodi Ali , Lawton Michael T. , Feng Xuequan , Benet Arnau 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
Reimplantation of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) to the vertebral artery (VA) is a safe and effective bypass option after deliberate PICA sacrifice during the treatment of nonsaccular and dissecting aneurysms at this location. However, the anatomy and limitations of this technique have not been studied. The goal of this study was to define the surgical anatomy and buffer lengths specific to the proximal segment of the PICA related to 2 variations of PICA reimplantation: 1) reimplantation “along-VA” (simulating a dissecting VA aneurysm), and 2) reimplantation “across-VA” (simulating a nonclippable, proximal PICA aneurysm).

METHODS
Ten cadaver heads (20 sides) were prepared for surgical simulation. Twenty far-lateral approaches were performed. The PICA was mobilized and reimplanted onto the VA according to 2 different paradigms: 1) transposition along the axis of the VA (along-VA) to simulate a dissecting VA, and 2) transposition perpendicular to the axis of the VA (across-VA) to simulate a nonclippable, proximal PICA aneurysm. The buffer lengths provided by mobilization of the artery in each paradigm were measured and the anatomy of perforator branching on the proximal PICAs was analyzed.

RESULTS
The PICA was reimplanted in all surgical simulations. The most common perforating artery on the P1 and P2 segments was the short circumflex type. No direct perforator was found on the P1 segment. The mean buffer length with reimplantation along the VA axis was 13.43 ± 4.61 mm, and it was 6.97 ± 4.04 mm with reimplantation across the VA. The PICA was less maneuverable when it was reimplanted across the VA, due to perforator branches of the PICA (P3 segment).

CONCLUSIONS
The buffer lengths measured in this study describe the limitations of PICA reimplantation as a revascularization procedure for nonsaccular aneurysms in this location. PICA reimplantation is a revascularization option for dissecting VA aneurysms incorporating the PICA origin that are < 13 mm in length, and for nonsaccular proximal PICA aneurysms that are < 6 mm in diameter. The final decision to reimplant the PICA depends on careful inspection of perforator anatomy that is not visible preoperatively on angiography, as well as an assessment of technical difficulty intraoperatively.
A novel threshold criterion in transcranial motor evoked potentials during surgery for gliomas close to the motor pathway
Authors: Abboud Tammam , Schaper Miriam , Dührsen Lasse , Schwarz Cindy , Schmidt Nils Ole , Westphal Manfred , Martens Tobias 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
Warning criteria for monitoring of motor evoked potentials (MEP) after direct cortical stimulation during surgery for supratentorial tumors have been well described. However, little is known about the value of MEP after transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) in predicting postoperative motor deficit when monitoring threshold level. The authors aimed to evaluate the feasibility and value of this method in glioma surgery by using a new approach for interpreting changes in threshold level involving contra- and ipsilateral MEP.

METHODS
Between November 2013 and December 2014, 93 patients underwent TES-MEP monitoring during resection of gliomas located close to central motor pathways but not involving the primary motor cortex. The MEP were elicited by transcranial repetitive anodal train stimulation. Bilateral MEP were continuously evaluated to assess percentage increase of threshold level (minimum voltage needed to evoke a stable motor response from each of the muscles being monitored) from the baseline set before dural opening. An increase in threshold level on the contralateral side (facial, arm, or leg muscles contralateral to the affected hemisphere) of more than 20% beyond the percentage increase on the ipsilateral side (facial, arm, or leg muscles ipsilateral to the affected hemisphere) was considered a significant alteration. Recorded alterations were subsequently correlated with postoperative neurological deterioration and MRI findings.

RESULTS
TES-MEP could be elicited in all patients, including those with recurrent glioma (31 patients) and preoperative paresis (20 patients). Five of 73 patients without preoperative paresis showed a significant increase in threshold level, and all of them developed new paresis postoperatively (transient in 4 patients and permanent in 1 patient). Eight of 20 patients with preoperative paresis showed a significant increase in threshold level, and all of them developed postoperative neurological deterioration (transient in 4 patients and permanent in 4 patients). In 80 patients no significant change in threshold level was detected, and none of them showed postoperative neurological deterioration. The specificity and sensitivity in this series were estimated at 100%. Postoperative MRI revealed gross-total tumor resection in 56 of 82 patients (68%) in whom complete tumor resection was attainable; territorial ischemia was detected in 4 patients.

CONCLUSIONS
The novel threshold criterion has made TES-MEP a useful method for predicting postoperative motor deficit in patients who undergo glioma surgery, and has been feasible in patients with preoperative paresis as well as in patients with recurrent glioma. Including contra- and ipsilateral changes in threshold level has led to a high sensitivity and specificity.
Mobilité et fécondité d'après les fiches de famille
Authors: Henry Louis 
Published: January 2016

Family reconstitution has made it possible thoroughly to analyze fertility in the past, but as this analysis mainly deals with sedentary couples, it may be feared that findings are not valid for the whole set of couples. The migration of some couples therefore poses a problem.
The approach used in this article is to analyze some 6 000 family car as corresponding to marriages taking place from 1740 to 1769 in the Northern half of France, in rural areas.
The author first compares the number of marriages to that of dissolution of marriages by death, in order to estimate how many married couples migrated to cities. Then, he assesses the proportion of couples who remained in the same place during ail their married life, as weil as the mean duration of such unions and the mobility of the couples who left the village where they had settled just after their marriage.
Finaly, by comparing the mean number of children per marriage for migrant and for sedentary couples, he can calculate fertility differentials between the sedentary couples and the whole set of couples.
La fécondité des mariages de 1670 à 1829 dans le quart nord-est de la France
Authors: Houdaille Jacques 
Published: January 2016

Este estudio se basa en la reconstitucion de las familias en doce pueblos escogidos por sondeo aleatorio cuya pobiacion total alcanzaba 10 583 en 1821. Debido a que cinco de dichos pueblos ne fueron escogidos al principio sino que sirvieron para reemplazar otros pueblos, hubo que ponderar los resultados. La proporcion de los nacimientos que nos fueron registrados, debido a las migraciones de las parejas y a omisiones, se puede estimar por un metodo que toma en cuenta los casamientos de los hijos de las parejas que se estudian. Dicha proporcion paso del 11 % al fin del siglo XVII al 2,5 a comienzos del si- glo XIX.
Hasta principos del siglo, la fecundidad en esta parte de Francia era mas alta que en el Noroeste y el Suroeste debido a intervalos mas cortos entre los nacimientos. Despues de una baja muy lenta durante todo el siglo XVIII, disminuyo mas rapidamente que en otras partes, despues de la Revolucion. Esta evolucion particular se debe al hecho de que entre los pueblos estudiados hay una pequena ciudad, ubicada en la Lorena de habla francesa donde le fecundidad empezo a bajar desde la mitad del siglo XVIII, o tal vez antes. Varios metodos se utili- zaron para localizar ms precisamente el periodo en que aparecio la limitacion de los nacimientos (distribution de la edad de las madres al nacimiento de su ultimo hijo, analisis transversal).
Las concepciones prenuptiales eran mas corrientes en el Noreste que en otras partes de Francia (el 7 % al fin del siglo XVII). Su proporcion aumento a lo largo del siglo XVIII. Fue siempre mas alta en la pequena ciudad que en los pueblos rurales de la muestra.
Boundary formation and diffusion of plague : swiss epidemics from 1562 to 1669
Authors: Eckert Edward A. 
Published: January 2016

Huit épidémies de peste distinctes ont atteint la Suisse entre 1563 et 1669. Les quatre plus importantes ont été la cause d'une mortalité élevée dans une grande partie des grandes villes, des petites villes et des localités rurales du pays.
Chacune de ces épidémies provenait des régions voisines de la France ou de l'Allemagne et s'est propagée en Suisse comme une vague qui, en quelques années, a recouvert presque tout le pays.
Dans la mesure où la Suisse peut être considérée comme représentative des régions d'Europe centrale, la distribution de la peste peut y être définie comme une série d'épidémies régionales, la propagation d'une région à l'autre pouvant persister pendant dix ans au maximum.
Des épidémies si prolongées donnent à la peste un rôle important parmi les facteurs qui agissent sur la population.
En outre, le modèle de diffusion des épidémies de peste en Europe continentale est différent de celui des régions maritimes et cette maladie cesse plus tôt en Europe centrale.
Johann Peter Sussmilch : point alpha ou oméga de la science démographique naïve ?
Authors: Hecht Jacqueline 
Published: January 2016

J.-P. Süssmilch (1707-1767), auteur du premier traité de démographie en toutes langues, Die göttliche Ordnung, ou « L'Ordre divin » (1741 et 1761-1762), a-t-il ouvert ou a-t-il clos une première période dans l'histoire de la science démographique ? Cet « homme ivre de Dieu » a bénéficié d'une formation à la fois médicale, juridique, théologique, philosophique, scientifique, et linguistique. Persuadé que l'homme et l'univers sont régis par un ordre beau, grand et parfait institué par la Providence, Süssmilch voit dans le Créateur l'arithméticien politique suprême, immédiatement au-dessous duquel il place le Prince, dont le devoir essentiel est de favoriser l'accomplissement du commandement divin : « Croissez et multipliez ». A son programme économique s'ajoute une politique de population reposant sur une analyse approfondie des grandes variables démographiques : la mortalité, « fondement de tout le reste », qui obéit, elle aussi, à un ordre très strict ; la nuptialité, qui est pour lui la source même de la fécondité et de la multiplication ; et la natalité, caractérisée surtout par l'ordre qui se manifeste dans la reproduction des deux sexes (pour 20 filles naissent 21 garçons).
Auteur d'une table de mortalité célèbre et contestée, Süssmilch a exercé une indéniable influence, tant sur le plan pratique que sur le plan théorique. Dès la fin du XVIIIe cependant, les commentateurs ne retiendront que la partie purement scientifique de son œuvre et en rejetteront l'aspect théologique. Primitif en avance sur son temps, Süssmilch, créateur de la Bevölkerungslehre, représente à la fois l'aboutissement de la démographie primitive et le point de départ de la démographie moderne.
La statistique démographique officielle de 1815 à 1870 en France
Authors: Le Mée René 
Published: January 2016

Après un bref rappel historique sur la création et l'œuvre de la Statistique Générale de la France de 1835 à 1870, étude de l'évolution de la statistique démographique en France.
Deux parties : le mouvement de la population, les recensements.
Sur le premier point, deux périodes apparaissent. Sous la Monarchie Censitaire, il est constaté une faiblesse relative des sources et une réglementation imprécise marquée en outre par la dualité de deux Administrations ayant des préoccupations différentes. Dès le début du Second Empire, uniformisation des règles et des techniques d'élaboration s'associent au meilleur enregistrement des faits d'état civil.
Dans la deuxième partie, chaque recensement de la période est analysé à partir des textes le prescrivant et de la documentation publiée... ou conservée manuscrite. S'y ajoutent quelques brèves considérations sur le déroulement des opérations dans la mesure où celui-ci a eu un impact sur la qualité des résultats obtenus.