bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polycube Simplification for Coarse Layouts of Surfaces and Volumes
Authors: Cherchi Gianmarco , Livesu Marco , Scateni Riccardo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRepresenting digital objects with structured meshes that embed a coarse block decomposition is a relevant problem in applications like computer animation, physically‐based simulation and Computer Aided Design (CAD). One of the key ingredients to produce coarse block structures is to achieve a good alignment between the mesh singularities (i.e., the corners of each block). In this paper we improve on the polycube‐based meshing pipeline to produce both surface and volumetric coarse block‐structured meshes of general shapes. To this aim we add a new step in the pipeline. Our goal is to optimize the positions of the polycube corners to produce as coarse as possible base complexes. We rely on re‐mapping the positions of the corners on an integer grid and then using integer numerical programming to reach the optimal. To the best of our knowledge this is the first attempt to solve the singularity misalignment problem directly in polycube space. Previous methods for polycube generation did not specifically address this issue. Our corner optimization strategy is efficient and requires a negligible extra running time for the meshing pipeline. In the paper we show that our optimized polycubes produce coarser block structured surface and volumetric meshes if compared with previous approaches. They also induce higher quality hexahedral meshes and are better suited for spline fitting because they reduce the number of splines necessary to cover the domain, thus improving both the efficiency and the overall level of smoothness throughout the volume.
Incorporating Sharp Features in the General Solid Sweep Framework
Authors: Adsul Bharat , Machchhar Jinesh , Sohoni Milind 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper extends a recently proposed robust computational framework for constructing the boundary representation (brep) of the volume swept by a given smooth solid moving along a one parameter family h of rigid motions. Our extension allows the input solid to have sharp features, and thus it is a significant and useful generalization of that work.This naturally requires a precise description of the geometry of the surface generated by the sweep of a sharp edge supported by two intersecting smooth faces. We uncover the geometry along with the related issues like parametrization and singularities via a novel mathematical analysis. Correct trimming of such a surface is achieved by an analysis of the interplay between the cone of normals at a sharp point and its trajectory under h. The overall topology is explained by a key lifting theorem which allows us to compute the adjacency relations amongst entities in the swept volume by relating them to corresponding adjacencies in the input solid. Moreover, global issues related to body‐check such as orientation, singularities and self‐intersections are efficiently resolved. Examples from a pilot implementation illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our framework.
Complex Transfinite Barycentric Mappings with Similarity Kernels
Authors: Chen Renjie , Gotsman Craig 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTransfinite barycentric kernels are the continuous version of traditional barycentric coordinates and are used to define interpolants of values given on a smooth planar contour. When the data is two‐dimensional, i.e. the boundary of a planar map, these kernels may be conveniently expressed using complex number algebra, simplifying much of the notation and results. In this paper we develop some of the basic complex‐valued algebra needed to describe these planar maps, and use it to define similarity kernels, a natural alternative to the usual barycentric kernels.We develop the theory behind similarity kernels, explore their properties, and show that the transfinite versions of the popular three‐point barycentric coordinates (Laplace, mean value and Wachspress) have surprisingly simple similarity kernels.We furthermore show how similarity kernels may be used to invert injective transfinite barycentric mappings using an iterative algorithm which converges quite rapidly. This is useful for rendering images deformed by planar barycentric mappings.
Mobility Fitting using 4D RANSAC
Authors: Li Hao , Wan Guowei , Li Honghua , Sharf Andrei , Xu Kai , Chen Baoquan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCapturing the dynamics of articulated models is becoming increasingly important. Dynamics, better than geometry, encode the functional information of articulated objects such as humans, robots and mechanics. Acquired dynamic data is noisy, sparse, and temporarily incoherent. The latter property is especially prominent for analysis of dynamics. Thus, processing scanned dynamic data is typically an ill‐posed problem. We present an algorithm that robustly computes the joints representing the dynamics of a scanned articulated object. Our key idea is to by‐pass the reconstruction of the underlying surface geometry and directly solve for motion joints. To cope with the often‐times extremely incoherent scans, we propose a space‐time fitting‐and‐voting approach in the spirit of RANSAC. We assume a restricted set of articulated motions defined by a set of joints which we fit to the 4D dynamic data and measure their fitting quality. Thus, we repeatedly select random subsets and fit with joints, searching for an optimal candidate set of mobility parameters. Without having to reconstruct surfaces as intermediate means, our approach gains the advantage of being robust and efficient. Results demonstrate the ability to reconstruct dynamics of various articulated objects consisting of a wide range of complex and compound motions.
CustomCut: On‐demand Extraction of Customized 3D Parts with 2D Sketches
Authors: Guo Xuekun , Lin Juncong , Xu Kai , Chaudhuri Siddhartha , Jin Xiaogang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSeveral applications in shape modeling and exploration require identification and extraction of a 3D shape part matching a 2D sketch. We present CustomCut, an on‐demand part extraction algorithm. Given a sketched query, CustomCut automatically retrieves partially matching shapes from a database, identifies the region optimally matching the query in each shape, and extracts this region to produce a customized part that can be used in various modeling applications. In contrast to earlier work on sketch‐based retrieval of predefined parts, our approach can extract arbitrary parts from input shapes and does not rely on a prior segmentation into semantic components. The method is based on a novel data structure for fast retrieval of partial matches: the randomized compound k‐NN graph built on multi‐view shape projections. We also employ a coarse‐to‐fine strategy to progressively refine part boundaries down to the level of individual faces. Experimental results indicate that our approach provides an intuitive and easy means to extract customized parts from a shape database, and significantly expands the design space for the user. We demonstrate several applications of our method to shape design and exploration.
Data‐Driven Bending Elasticity Design by Shell Thickness
Authors: Zhang Xiaoting , Le Xinyi , Wu Zihao , Whiting Emily , Wang Charlie C.L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe present a method to design the deformation behavior of 3D printed models by an interactive tool, where the variation of bending elasticity at different regions of a model is realized by a change in shell thickness. Given a soft material to be used in 3D printing, we propose an experimental setup to acquire the bending behavior of this material on tubes with different diameters and thicknesses. The relationship between shell thickness and bending elasticity is stored in an echo state network using the acquired dataset. With the help of the network, an interactive design tool is developed to generate non‐uniformly hollowed models to achieve desired bending behaviors. The effectiveness of this method is verified on models fabricated by different 3D printers by studying whether their physical deformation can match the designed target shape.
Learning 3D Scene Synthesis from Annotated RGB‐D Images
Authors: Kermani Z. Sadeghipour , Liao Z. , Tan P. , Zhang H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe present a data‐driven method for synthesizing 3D indoor scenes by inserting objects progressively into an initial, possibly, empty scene. Instead of relying on few hundreds of hand‐crafted 3D scenes, we take advantage of existing large‐scale annotated RGB‐D datasets, in particular, the SUN RGB‐D database consisting of 10,000+ depth images of real scenes, to form the prior knowledge for our synthesis task. Our object insertion scheme follows a co‐occurrence model and an arrangement model, both learned from the SUN dataset. The former elects a highly probable combination of object categories along with the number of instances per category while a plausible placement is defined by the latter model. Compared to previous works on probabilistic learning for object placement, we make two contributions. First, we learn various classes of higher‐order object‐object relations including symmetry, distinct orientation, and proximity from the database. These relations effectively enable considering objects in semantically formed groups rather than by individuals. Second, while our algorithm inserts objects one at a time, it attains holistic plausibility of the whole current scene while offering controllability through progressive synthesis. We conducted several user studies to compare our scene synthesis performance to results obtained by manual synthesis, state‐of‐the‐art object placement schemes, and variations of parameter settings for the arrangement model.
Planar Minimization Diagrams via Subdivision with Applications to Anisotropic Voronoi Diagrams
Authors: Bennett H. , Papadopoulou E. , Yap C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLet X = {f1, …, fn} be a set of scalar functions of the form fi : ℝ2 → ℝ which satisfy some natural properties. We describe a subdivision algorithm for computing a clustered ε‐isotopic approximation of the minimization diagram of X. By exploiting soft predicates and clustering of Voronoi vertices, our algorithm is the first that can handle arbitrary degeneracies in X, and allow scalar functions which are piecewise smooth, and not necessarily semi‐algebraic.We apply these ideas to the computation of anisotropic Voronoi diagram of polygonal sets; this is a natural generalization of anisotropic Voronoi diagrams of point sites, which extends multiplicatively weighted Voronoi diagrams. We implement a prototype of our anisotropic algorithm and provide experimental results.
Mesh Statistics for Robust Curvature Estimation
Authors: Váša L. , Vaněček P. , Prantl M. , Skorkovská V. , Martínek P. , Kolingerová I. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhile it is usually not difficult to compute principal curvatures of a smooth surface of sufficient differentiability, it is a rather difficult task when only a polygonal approximation of the surface is available, because of the inherent ambiguity of such representation. A number of different approaches has been proposed in the past that tackle this problem using various techniques. Most papers tend to focus on a particular method, while an comprehensive comparison of the different approaches is usually missing.We present results of a large experiment, involving both common and recently proposed curvature estimation techniques, applied to triangle meshes of varying properties. It turns out that none of the approaches provides reliable results under all circumstances. Motivated by this observation, we investigate mesh statistics, which can be computed from vertex positions and mesh connectivity information only, and which can help in deciding which estimator will work best for a particular case. Finally, we propose a meta‐estimator, which makes a choice between existing algorithms based on the value of the mesh statistics, and we demonstrate that such meta‐estimator, despite its simplicity, provides considerably more robust results than any existing approach.
“As Far as Possible and as Appropriate”: Implementing the Aichi Biodiversity Targets
Authors: Hagerman Shannon M. , Pelai Ricardo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPast shortfalls to meet global biodiversity targets have simultaneously prompted questions about the relevance of global environmental conventions, and sparked renewed ambition, for example, in the form of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. While progress toward the Aichi Targets through the Convention on Biological Diversity is well‐documented globally, less is known at the national level. We conducted a systematic content analysis of 154 documents to assess the nature and extent of national implementation of the Aichi Targets using Canada as a case study. Results indicate that most responses are aspirational, with only 28% of responses implemented. Implemented responses tend to be associated with targets with specified levels of ambition that emphasize biophysical values, or targets that are relatively straightforward to achieve in this context (e.g., knowledge capacity and awareness). In contrast, targets focused on equity, rights, or policy reform were associated with fewer actions. Implementation of this latter class of targets is arguably stalled not solely because of a lack of effective target design, but because of lack of fit within existing institutional commitments. This suggests that solutions—in terms of improving implementation—lie not only in overcoming known dilemmas of quantifiability, but also in fostering institutional transformation.
Cell transfer technique for constructing cytological microarrays for immunocytochemical analysis
Authors: Wen C.‐H. , Lin C.‐H. , Ko P.‐L. , Kuo Y.‐F. , Chen Y.‐J. , Chai C.‐Y. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the utility of a proposed cell transfer technique for constructing cytological smear microarrays and its potential applications in multiplex immunocytochemical (ICC) staining.MethodsNinety‐six cytology smears, including two pericardial effusions, 22 ascites and 72 pleural effusions, were transferred to a 33‐plex cytological microarray. Paired staining of thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1) and calretinin ICC was performed in duplicate slides.ResultsMost of the smeared cells selected for transfer could be removed from the original slides with a minimal loss of cells and with no change in morphological features or immunoreactivity. Comparison of the staining results with immunohistochemical staining results, clinical history and histopathological reports available for each patient revealed that TTF‐1 was positive in 32/33 metastatic pulmonary adenocarcinomas (PACs), 1/15 non‐pulmonary adenocarcinomas and 0/45 benign effusions. The ICC results for TTF‐1 on a transferred cytological microarray revealed high (97%) sensitivity and high (96.7%) specificity for the detection of metastatic PAC.ConclusionCytology microarrays can be constructed by transferring cells from serous fluid cytological smears, and cells transferred to the microarray retain their morphological integrity and immunoreactivity. Researchers can use the technique for simultaneous immunostaining of multiple specimens in studies of neoplastic or non‐neoplastic diseases when available tissue samples are limited.
Research Ethics Education in Post‐Graduate Medical Curricula in I.R. Iran
Authors: Nikravanfard Nazila , Khorasanizadeh Faezeh , Zendehdel Kazem 
Published: August 2016

AbstractResearch ethics training during post‐graduate education is necessary to improve ethical standards in the design and conduct of biomedical research. We studied quality and quantity of research ethics training in the curricula of post‐graduate programs in the medical science in I.R. Iran. We evaluated curricula of 125 post‐graduate programs in medical sciences in I.R. Iran. We qualitatively studied the curricula by education level, including the Master and PhD degrees and analyzed the contents and the amount of teaching allocated for ethics training in each curriculum. We found no research ethics training in 72 (58%) of the programs. Among the 53 (42%) programs that considered research ethics training, only 17 programs had specific courses for research ethics and eight of them had detailed topics on their courses. The research ethics training was optional in 25% and mandatory in 76% of the programs. Post‐graduate studies that were approved in the more recent years had more attention to the research ethics training. Research ethics training was neglected in most of the medical post‐graduate programs. We suggest including sufficient amount of mandatory research ethics training in Master and PhD programs in I.R. Iran. Further research about quality of research ethics training and implementation of curricula in the biomedical institutions is warranted.
Intra‐oral reduction of zygomatic fractures
Authors: Jain Vaibhav , Garg Himani 
Published: August 2016

AbstractZygomatico‐maxillary complex fractures present a challenging diagnostic and reconstructive task to the surgeon. Gillie's temporal approach has been a commonly used technique for zygomatic arch reduction, but surgeons have been commonly using a buccal sulcus approach for the reduction of zygomatic arch fractures as well as for combined zygomatico‐maxillary complex fractures. This article outlines the use of Rowe's elevator (modification of Bristow's elevator) intra‐orally to reduce zygomatic arch fractures and, if required, simultaneously plate the zygoma through the same approach. A retrospective analysis of 379 patients treated with this technique in the last 10 years has been presented along with a comprehensive treatment protocol including a description of its advantages over the Gillie's approach. Based on the inclusion criteria, the study group consisted of 327 patients. In 281 patients, the zygomatic complex was fractured, whereas 46 patients presented with a solitary zygomatic arch fracture. Two hundred and three cases were successfully treated with the buccal sulcus approach, whereas 124 cases required both the buccal sulcus and the extra‐oral lateral orbital approaches. The described approach has advantages over Gillie's temporal approach by being simple, faster and cost‐effective, can be performed under local anesthesia, and is more esthetic as it does not leave any scars.
Prevalence of symptoms in patients with multiple myeloma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ramsenthaler Christina , Kane Pauline , Gao Wei , Siegert Richard J. , Edmonds Polly M. , Schey Stephen A. , Higginson Irene J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesMultiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable haematological disease. Due to novel agents, overall survival has improved in this group, yet there are no systematic reviews to understand the symptom profiles resulting from disease and treatment‐related toxicities. We aimed to synthesise data on the prevalence of symptoms in patients withMM.MethodsA systematic database and grey literature search were conducted in six databases. Random‐effects meta‐analysis with inverse variance weighting to pool prevalence data was performed.ResultsThirty‐six studies were included of which 34 studies (N= 3023) provided data for meta‐analysis. Twenty‐seven distinct symptoms were reported, with the majority of studies focusing on pain (n= 27), fatigue (n= 19) and problems with functioning (n= 15). The most prevalent symptoms were fatigue (98.8%, 95%CI98.1–99.2%), pain (73%, 39.9–91.7), constipation (65.2%, 22.9–92.2) and tingling in the hands/feet with 53.4% (0.4–99.7). The most common problems were decreased physical functioning (98.9%, 98.2–99.3), decreased cognitive functioning (80.2%, 40–96.1) and financial difficulties (78.4%, 39.1–95.4). These problems were present in newly diagnosed to advanced disease stage.ConclusionsOptimal quality of life and good symptom management in this incurable disease can only be achieved by routinely assessing symptoms throughout the disease trajectory.
Rewired NFκB signaling as a potentially actionable feature of activated B‐cell‐like diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Knittel Gero , Liedgens Paul , Korovkina Darya , Pallasch Christian P. , Reinhardt Hans Christian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDiffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of aggressive lymphoma in the Western world and remains a clinical challenge. Two types of DLBCL are distinguishable, namely a germinal center B‐cell‐like phenotype (GCB) and an activated B‐cell‐like phenotype (ABC). Particularly ABC‐DLBCL is difficult to treat, as this subentity typically displays resistance against frontline chemo‐immune therapy. Through the availability of novel experimental technologies, such as next‐generation sequencing and cutting‐edge mouse models, we recently caught an unprecedentedly detailed glimpse at the genomic and biological features of ABC‐DLBCL. Currently, a picture is emerging which suggests that ABC‐DLBCL critically depends on sustained activity of the NFκB pathway, which, among others, is achieved through numerous distinct genetic aberrations, including CD79A/B‐, CARD11‐, and MYD88 mutations. Further genomic aberrations include amplifications of BCL2 and inactivating mutations in PRMD1. These molecular insights have spurred the development of novel autochthonous mouse models that faithfully mimic the biology and genetics of human ABC‐DLBCL and could serve as preclinical platforms in future experiments. Furthermore, our genomic understanding of the disease now enables us to develop and validate novel targeted therapeutic intervention strategies that aim at decapitating non‐physiological NFκB activity and repressing anti‐apoptotic BCL2 signaling. In this review, we highlight these recent developments and make suggestions for further tool development and the design and stratification of future clinical trials.
Ryanodine‐sensitive intracellular Ca2+ channels are involved in the output from the SCN circadian clock
Authors: Aguilar‐Roblero Raúl , Quinto Daniel , Báez‐Ruíz Adrian , Chávez José Luis , Belin Andrea Carmine , Díaz‐Muñoz Mauricio , Michel Stephan , Lundkvist Gabriella 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) contain the major circadian clock responsible for generation of circadian rhythms in mammals. The time measured by the molecular circadian clock must eventually be translated into a neuronal firing rate pattern to transmit a meaningful signal to other tissues and organs in the animal. Previous observations suggest that circadian modulation of ryanodine receptors (RyR) is a key element of the output pathway from the molecular circadian clock. To directly test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of RyR activation and inhibition on real time expression of PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE, intracellular calcium levels and spontaneous firing frequency in mouse SCN neurons. Furthermore, we determined whether the RyR‐2 mRNA is expressed with a daily variation in SCN neurons. We provide evidence that pharmacological manipulation of RyR in mice SCN neurons alters the free [Ca2+]i in the cytoplasm and the spontaneous firing without affecting the molecular clock mechanism. Our data also show a daily variation in RyR‐2 mRNA from single mouse SCN neurons with highest levels during the day. Together, these results confirm the hypothesis that RyR‐2 is a key element of the circadian clock output from SCN neurons.