bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Darwin, Paratext and the Modes of Knowing
Authors: Allard James Robert 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the relation between the verse stanzas and the prose notes (both the extensive footnotes and the even more extensive “additional notes”) of Erasmus Darwin's The Temple of Nature or The Origin of Society: A Poem. With Philosophic Notes (1803) in an effort to engage with the complex interweaving of science and literature that forms Darwin's work and increasingly informs Romantic Studies. Beginning with the simple assertion that the notes are far more integral to the text than the subordination implied in the titular “with” might suggest – in fact, that the notes are, in some important ways, the point of the text – I argue that what critics often refer to as Darwin's “masterwork” interrogates the very notion of “mastery” itself by working at once to perform and to foster a critical sense of what we might call “interdisciplinarity”: an effort neither to erect nor to erode disciplinary boundaries at points of intersection but an interest in engaging with the “space” of the boundary itself. As Darwin notes in the preface, “The Poem, which is here offered to the Public, does not pretend to instruct by deep researches of reasoning; its aim is simply to amuse by bringing distinctly to the imagination the beautiful and sublime images of the operations of Nature in the order, as the Author believes, in which the progressive course of time presented them.” On the one hand, this claim clearly conveys Darwin's concern with instruction, with “bringing distinctly to the imagination” and the “deep researches of reasoning,” even as it downplays; perhaps, more “traditional” modes of teaching and even, by extension, works to revise our understanding of what is worth teaching. On the other hand, it suggests that a Romantic concern with the beautiful and sublime is as at home in the “deep researches of reasoning” and the “operations of Nature” as it is in any poem. And, however, we may choose to inflect that claim; the text is more than simply a didactic poem teaching a proto‐evolutionary, clearly medicalized version of biological, sociological and cultural development. It is an extensive commentary on the interrelation of the medical and the social, the biological and the poetic and, not least, on the nature of didacticism itself, on the hows and whys of instructing and learning in an environment and at a time when the limits of the known and the knowable and the sense of promise and anxiety fostered by changing disciplinary boundaries were under constant scrutiny. By examining the interaction between the “main” text and the paratext, I explore how one of the period's most diverse thinkers and writers negotiated the diversity of knowledge and modes of knowing that made his work so popular and influential and, most importantly, how he taught and can still teach ways for readers to manage the critical if contentious interdisciplinarity that will continue to dominate our own deep researches.
Effects of four commercial fungal formulations on mortality and sporulation in house flies (Musca domestica) and stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans)
Authors: WEEKS E. N. I. , MACHTINGER E. T. , GEZAN S. A. , KAUFMAN P. E. , GEDEN C. J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) and stable fly Stomoxys calcitrans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) are major pests of livestock. Biological control is an important tool in an integrated control framework. Increased mortality in filth flies has been documented with entomopathogenic fungi, several strains of which are commercially available. Three strains of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo‐Crivelli) Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and one strain of Metarhizium brunneum (Petch) (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) were tested in commercial formulations for pathogenicity against house flies and stable flies. There was a significant increase in mortality of house flies with three of the formulations, BotaniGard® ES, Mycotrol® O, and Met52® EC, during days 4–9 in comparison with balEnce™ and the control. In stable flies, mortality rates were highest with Met52® EC, followed by Mycotrol® O, BotaniGard® ES and, finally, balEnce™. There was a significant fungal effect on sporulation in both house flies and stable flies. Product formulation, species differences and fungal strains may be responsible for some of the differences observed. Future testing in field situations is necessary. These commercial biopesticides may represent important tools in integrated fly management programmes.
Causing Little Ones to Stumble: Paul Bailey and the Millstone of Religion
Authors: Hardy Robert 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn Sugar Cane the novelist Paul Bailey describes what happens when someone is exposed at an impressionable age to religion in a brutally corrupt or merely stupid form and has to come to terms with that exposure: whether healing might be possible and what that healing might look like. Bailey suggests an alternative narrative, where, despite the suffering of his characters, the word ‘religion’ means more to him than it does to Irvin Yalom, who wrote of his belief after his own childhood exposure to the authoritarianism of his parents’ Jewish orthodoxy, that ‘faith, like so many other early irrational beliefs and fears, is a burden’.
Nurse faculty as international research collaborators
Authors: O'Keefe Louise C. , Frith Karen H. , Barnby Elizabeth 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNursing faculty who desire to expand their research portfolios will benefit from collaboration with researchers with complimentary interests from different universities across the world. International collaboration can enhance the productivity of researchers who seek to conduct studies with similar populations in different environments, and who desire a larger impact based on the findings of their studies. International collaborative teams have the potential to make important discoveries that affect the health of populations across the world. Communication is a critical step in defining the roles and professional relationships of researchers involved in international collaboration. Researchers need to be cognizant of rules affecting data security, intellectual property, data ownership, and funding sources in each country. International collaborative research can be exciting and rewarding, especially when participants are culturally aware, respect universities' policies, and are mindful of the ethical and legal principles for the countries in which the research is conducted. This article describes ways to enhance the success of nursing faculty who desire a rich experience with international research collaborators.
Does Tariff Induce Intellectual Property Right Protection and Reduce Incidence of Piracy?
Authors: Acharyya Rajat , Banerjee Dyuti S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe consider a model with North exporting a copyrighted product to South where there is IPR violation, and South exports a basic good to North. We examine the impact of North's imposition of import tariff on South's monitoring of IPR violation and the incidence of piracy. If South values IPR compliance “lowly”, then tariff imposition do not alter the pre‐tariff no monitoring equilibrium outcome but unambiguously raises the incidence of piracy. If IPR compliance is valued “highly” then tariff either switches the equilibrium outcome from not monitoring to monitoring or increases its rate. However, the incidence of piracy may increase.
Complications of caesarean section
Authors: Field Alexander , Haloob Rahim 
Published: October 2016

Key content

The incidence and presentation of complications of caesarean section.

The surgical management of intrapartum and postpartum haemorrhage.

Risk factors for, and prevention and treatment of postpartum sepsis.

Presentation, investigation and repair of bladder injuries when recognised intraoperatively and following delayed presentation.

Risk factors for, and recognition and management of suspected ureteric injury intraoperatively and postoperatively.

Bowel complications including intraoperative bowel injury and management, postoperative ileus and Ogilvie syndrome.

Particular risks and complications associated with caesarean section at full dilatation.

Caesarean section in the developing world.

Learning objectives

To be aware of the most common and serious complications of caesarean section.

To be able to describe recognition and initial surgical management of suspected bladder, ureteric and bowel injuries.

To be familiar with delayed presentations of visceral injuries and have a systematic approach to investigation of suspected injury.

To understand the impact of caesarean section complications in resource‐poor countries.

Ethical issues

Appropriate, accurate preoperative counselling regarding risks and consent.

Awareness of personal competency in managing specific complications.
Pregnancy following treatment for malignancy
Authors: Wallace Suzanne VF , Swallow Gill A 
Published: October 2016

Key content

Increasing numbers of women are surviving cancer in childhood or early adulthood.

Treatments for malignancy can cause long‐term damage to a number of organs; this is frequently unappreciated by both patients and obstetricians.

Pregnancy in women who have been exposed to treatments for cancer can be potentially problematic but most have a good outcome.

A good understanding and initial assessment optimises the outcome for this group of women.

Learning objectives

To understand the implications of previous cancer treatments.

To be able to plan management for this group of women in pregnancy.

Ethical issues

Should young survivors of malignancy be given improved information on the potential deleterious effects that their, often life‐saving, treatment has had on other body systems?

Should all female survivors of malignancy be offered routine prepregnancy counselling?
Reproductive health in female survivors of childhood cancer
Authors: Gelson Emily , Prakash Alka , Macdougall Jane , Williams Denise 
Published: October 2016

Key content

Over the past four decades childhood cancer diagnosis has increased throughout Europe. Long‐term survival rates have reached 80% and it is estimated that there are currently more than 33 000 survivors of childhood cancer alive in the UK.

Despite such successes, a significant number of childhood cancer survivors experience late chronic adverse effects of their treatment.

The major effect on reproductive health is subfertility due to potential acute ovarian failure and premature menopause.

Late effects on cardiac, renal, and pulmonary function can compromise pregnancy. As such, careful prepregnancy counselling and planning is paramount.

Learning objectives

Understand the potential effects of childhood cancer treatments on reproductive function.

Understand how to assess ovarian reserve in female survivors of childhood cancer.

Understand the potential systemic long‐term effects of cancer treatment during childhood and the relevance to childbearing.

Ethical issues

Should in vitro fertilisation (IVF) be performed in women with a past history of cancer, considering their reduced life expectancy and the potential chronic late effects of treatment?

When should an adolescent who has survived cancer be made aware that their fertility may be compromised?
Intranuclear inclusions in a dog with B‐cell leukemia
Authors: Kato Daiki , Takahashi Masashi , Harada Tomoyuki , Tsuboi Masaya , Uchida Kazuyuki , Fukushima Kenjiro , Kanemoto Hideyuki , Fujino Yasuhito , Ohno Koichi , Nakayama Hiroyuki , Tsujimoto Hajime 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA 7‐year‐old Shetland Sheepdog was presented with anorexia. A CBC indicated thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Bone marrow cytology revealed that 67.7% of all nucleated cells (ANC) were anaplastic large mononuclear cells. These cells were confirmed to be of B‐cell origin based on IgH rearrangement, immunohistochemical, and flow cytometric analysis. Microscopic examination revealed that the neoplastic cells had intranuclear inclusions resembling Dutcher bodies. Immunohistochemistry confirmed that the intranuclear inclusions were immunopositive for IgG antibodies. The periodic acid–Schiff reaction was negative for the presence of polysaccharides and related substances. Although the dog achieved complete remission with a multi‐drug chemotherapy protocol, it ultimately died because of tumor progression and acute renal insufficiency on day 201. This is the first known case of canine acute B‐cell leukemia with intranuclear inclusions resembling Dutcher bodies.
MICROWAVE ASSISTED K2CO3 PALM SHELL ACTIVATED CARBON AS SORBENT FOR CO2 ADSORPTION APPLICATION
Authors: Hamza Usman Dadum , Nasri Noor Shawal , Saidina Amin Nor Aishah , Mohammed Jibril , Mohd Zain Husna 
Published: October 2016

Carbon dioxide is believed to be a major greenhouse gas (GHG) that contributes to global warming. In this study, palm shells were used as a precursor to prepare CO2 activated carbon sorbents via carbonization, chemical impregnation with K2CO3 and microwave activation. Adsorption equilibrium data for CO2 adsorption on the porous carbon were obtained at different temperatures using static volumetric adsorption method. Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Toths models were used to correlate the experimental data. The CO2 adsorption capacity at 303.15, 343.15, 378.15 443.15 K and 1 bar on the sorbent was 2.71, 1.5, 0.77, 0.69 mmol/g respectively. Sips isotherm was found to have the best fit. The results indicated that the porous carbon sorbent prepared by carbonization and microwave K2CO3 assisted activation have good CO2 uptake. The porous carbons produced are therefore good candidates for CO2 adsorption applications
Development of a transmission alpha particle dosimetry technique using A549 cells and a Ra‐223 source for targeted alpha therapy
Authors: AL Darwish R. , Staudacher A. H. , Li Y. , Brown M. P. , Bezak E. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeIn targeted radionuclide therapy, regional tumors are targeted with radionuclides delivering therapeutic radiation doses. Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is of particular interest due to its ability to deliver alpha particles of high linear energy transfer within the confines of the tumor. However, there is a lack of data related to alpha particle distribution in TAT. These data are required to more accurately estimate the absorbed dose on a cellular level. As a result, there is a need for a dosimeter that can estimate, or better yet determine the absorbed dose deposited by alpha particles in cells. In this study, as an initial step, the authors present a transmission dosimetry design for alpha particles using A549 lung carcinoma cells, an external alpha particle emitting source (radium 223; Ra‐223) and a Timepix pixelated semiconductor detector.MethodsThe dose delivery to the A549 lung carcinoma cell line from a Ra‐223 source, considered to be an attractive radionuclide for alpha therapy, was investigated in the current work. A549 cells were either unirradiated (control) or irradiated for , 1, 2, or 3 h with alpha particles emitted from a Ra‐223 source positioned below a monolayer of A549 cells. The Timepix detector was used to determine the number of transmitted alpha particles passing through the A549 cells and DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in the form of γ‐H2AX foci were examined by fluorescence microscopy. The number of transmitted alpha particles was correlated with the observed DNA DSBs and the delivered radiation dose was estimated. Additionally, the dose deposited was calculated using Monte Carlo code SRIM.ResultsApproximately 20% of alpha particles were transmitted and detected by Timepix. The frequency and number of γ‐H2AX foci increased significantly following alpha particle irradiation as compared to unirradiated controls. The equivalent dose delivered to A549 cells was estimated to be approximately 0.66, 1.32, 2.53, and 3.96 Gy after , 1, 2, and 3 h irradiation, respectively, considering a relative biological effectiveness of alpha particles of 5.5.ConclusionsThe study confirmed that the Timepix detector can be used for transmission alpha particle dosimetry. If cross‐calibrated using biological dosimetry, this method will give a good indication of the biological effects of alpha particles without the need for repeated biological dosimetry which is costly, time consuming, and not readily available.
The unconventional Carboniferous reservoirs of the Greater Kirby Misperton gas field and their potential: North Yorkshire's sleeping giant
Authors: Hughes Fred , Harrison David , Haarhoff Matthew , Howlett Paul , Pearson Andrew , Ware Debbie , Taylor Colin , Emms Grant , Mortimer Andy 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Unconventional hydrocarbon exploration in the UK is in its infancy and Third Energy's activities represent a major step towards unlocking the potential contained within the Carboniferous section beneath North Yorkshire. In the United States, production from unconventional petroleum systems has transformed the country's domestic energy markets. If the UK can replicate this success, it would go some way to offsetting the decline of North Sea production and thereby reduce dependence on foreign imports.
At the end of 2015, no other company had undertaken any unconventional exploration in North Yorkshire and great uncertainty remained over the region's prospectivity. To rectify this dearth of information, Third Energy carried out a detailed examination of vintage data from the area and also drilled a new well to acquire a modern, unconventionally focused dataset, including approximately 800 ft of core and 4000 ft of wireline log data. Analysis of the mineralogy, maturity, kerogen type, total organic content, brittleness, porosity and permeability of the Carboniferous Bowland sequence has enabled several intervals to be high graded. Given these results, Third Energy now plan to hydraulically fracture these intervals with the intent of producing the UK's first unconventionally sourced electricity at its Knapton Generating Station.
Evaluation of porosity change during chemo-mechanical compaction in flooding experiments on Liège outcrop chalk
Authors: Wang Wenxia , Madland Merete V. , Zimmermann Udo , Nermoen Anders , Korsnes Reidar I. , Bertolino Silvana R. A. , Hildebrand-Habel Tania 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

The mechanical strength, porosity and permeability of chalk are affected by chemical and mineralogical changes induced by fluids that are chemically out of equilibrium with the host rock. Here, two high-porosity Upper Cretaceous chalk cores from Liège were tested at effective stresses beyond yield at 130°C during flooding with MgCl
2
and NaCl brines. Core L1 (flooded by MgCl
2
brine) deformed more than L2 (flooded with NaCl brine), with volumetric strains of 9.4% and 5.1%, respectively. The porosity losses estimated from strain measurements alone are 5.82% for L1 and 3.01% for L2. However, this approach does not account for dissolution and precipitation reactions. Porosity calculations that are based on strain measurements in combination with (i) the weight difference between saturated and dry cores and (ii) the solid density measurement before and after flooding show an average porosity reduction of 3.69% between the two methods for L1. This discrepancy was not observed for core L2 (with the NaCl brine). The rock and effluent chemistry show that Ca
2+
dissolved and Mg
2+
is retained within the core for the L1 experiment. Therefore, accurate porosity calculations in chalk cores that are flooded by non-equilibrium brines (e.g. MgCl
2
) require both the volumetric strain and chemical alteration to be considered.
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Historical and Scientific Overview
Authors: Singh Anurag K. , McGuirk Joseph P. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The field of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) has made ground-breaking progress in the treatment of many malignant and nonmalignant conditions. It has also pioneered the concepts of stem cell therapy and immunotherapy as a tool against cancer. The success of transplant for hematologic malignancies derives both from the ability to treat patients with intensive chemoradiotherapy and from potent graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects mediated by donor immunity. Additionally, HSCT has been a curative therapy for several nonmalignant hematologic disorders through the provision of donor-derived hematopoiesis and immunity. Preclinical and clinical research in the field has contributed to an advanced understanding of histocompatibility, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), GVL effect, and immune reconstitution after transplant. Improved donor selection, tailored conditioning regimens, and better supportive care have helped reduce transplant-related morbidity and mortality and expanded access. The development of unrelated donor registries and increased utilization of cord blood and partially matched related donor transplants have ensured a donor for essentially everyone who needs a transplant. However, significant barriers still remain in the form of disease relapse, GVHD infectious complications, and regimen-related toxicities. Recent developments in the field of cellular therapy are expected to further improve the efficacy of transplant. In this review, we discuss the current science of HSCT from a historical perspective, highlighting major discoveries. We also speculate on future directions in this field. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6445–51. ©2016 AACR.
BIOMARKERS OF AN INFLAMMATORY PROCESS IN THE MAMMARY GLAND
Authors: Demianchuk N. R. , Lapovets L. Ye. , Martianova O. I. , Beliavska B. M. 
Published: October 2016

The CRP (C-reactive protein) content has been studied, as well as the values of leukocyte markers of endogenous intoxication in the blood of female-patients, having lactostasis, lactation mastitis and of those practically healthy lactating females have been analyzed. It has been established that the CRP level increases considerably at lactostasis. Lactation mastitis is followed by endogenous intoxication that reveals itself in prospective changes of NSI (nuclear shift index), LII (leukocyte intoxication index) values.
An observation on the fruit feeding behavior of butterflies in some areas of Bangladesh
Authors: Shihan Tahsinur Rahman 
Published: October 2016

Very little information has been found about the behavior of fruit feeding butterflies in Bangladesh. So this was an attempt to know about the fruit feeding behavior of butterflies from different areas of Bangladesh. The study was conducted during June 2014 to September 2015. A total of 11 species and 53 individuals of butterflies of two families feeding on 11 species on the fruits of 11 families were reported. The greatest number of species (five) fed on Averrhoa carambola, Psidium guajava and Mangifera indica followed by Ananas comosus feeding by two species and remaining fruit species feeding by one species of butterfly