bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced Prenatal Weight Gain and/or Augmented Postnatal Weight Gain Precedes Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescent Girls
Authors: de Zegher Francis , Reinehr Thomas , Malpique Rita , Darendeliler Feyza , López‐Bermejo Abel , Ibáñez Lourdes 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveHepato‐visceral fat excess is a feature of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Risk factors for such excess include low prenatal weight gain and high postnatal weight gain. This study examined whether adolescent PCOS was preceded by a relatively low birth weight and/or a relatively high BMI at diagnosis.MethodsStudy participants included 467 girls with PCOS (298 without obesity and 169 with obesity), diagnosed, respectively, in Spain and Germany; 87 healthy girls were controls. Z scores for weight at birth and BMI at PCOS diagnosis were derived, and their differences were calculated.ResultsSpanish girls with PCOS and without obesity and German girls with PCOS and obesity had mean birth weight z scores of −0.7 and 0.0, respectively, and mean BMI z scores of + 0.4 and +2.7, respectively, so that mean z score increments amounted to +1.1 and +2.6 (P < 0.001 vs. controls).ConclusionsPCOS in adolescent girls was preceded by marked z score increments between weight at birth and BMI at PCOS diagnosis, thus corroborating the notion that PCOS development is driven by a mismatch between prenatal weight gain and postnatal weight gain.
Effect of polydopamine on quaternized poly(ether ether ketone) for antibiofouling anion exchange membrane in microbial fuel cell
Authors: Elangovan Mahendiravarman , Dharmalingam Sangeetha 
Published: July 2017

Biofouling of anion exchange membranes is a matter of concern in microbial fuel cell. In the present study, we have attempted to improve the antibiofouling potential of anion exchange membrane by using quaternized poly(ether ether ketone) (QPEEK) with surface modification by polydopamine. It is well known that the antiadhesion test tops the list in measuring the antibiofouling potential of the membrane and hence studied. In addition, the effect of dopamine concentration on membrane hydrophilicity and surface roughness was also discussed. From the data, it was clear that power density in all microbial fuel cells showed the highest in the sixth batch and thereafter declined, although at a varying rate. As predicted, QPEEK‐1.0 registered the least. The power density suffered a loss of 918 to 897 mW m−2 in the case of QPEEK‐1.0, which is the minimum and the same for QPEEK; QPEEK‐0.5 and AMI‐7001 were 918 to 869 mW m−2, 917 to 885 mW m−2, and 578 to 537 mW m−2, respectively. A least value of protein content was obtained for QPEEK‐1.0 (0.21 ± 0.05 g cm−2), and the same for QPEEK‐0.5, QPEEK, and AMI 7001 were found to be 0.37 ± 0.05 g cm−2, 0.78 ± 0.09 g cm−2, and 1.4 ± 0.11 g cm−2, respectively. In comparison, the antibiofouling potential of modified membranes was found to be higher than that of unmodified QPEEK and commercially available AMI 7001. The internal resistance values also confirmed that modification with PDA prevents bacteria adhesion leading to high antibiofouling potential.
A G326E substitution in the glutamate‐gated chloride channel 3 (GluCl3) of the two‐spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae abolishes the agonistic activity of macrocyclic lactones
Authors: Mermans Catherine , Dermauw Wannes , Geibel Sven , Van Leeuwen Thomas 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe macrocyclic lactones abamectin and milbemectin are frequently used to control phytophagous mites such as Tetranychus urticae. Consequently, resistance has developed and was genetically linked with substitutions in the glutamate‐gated chloride channel (GluCl) subunits TuGluCl1 and TuGluCl3. Here, we functionally validated a G326E substitution in TuGluCl3 by functional expression in Xenopus laevis oocytes followed by two‐electrode voltage‐clamp electrophysiology.RESULTSHomomeric wild‐type and mutated GluCl3 were successfully expressed. l‐glutamic‐acid‐induced currents exhibited a rapid onset equal in both channels and EC50 for l‐glutamic‐acid was in the micromolar range (384.2 μm and 292.7 μm, respectively). Abamectin and milbemycin A4 elicited sustained currents in wild‐type GluCl3, but the G326E substitution completely abolished the agonistic activity of macrocyclic lactones.CONCLUSIONA target‐site mutation in Tu GluCl3 contributes to avermectin resistance in T. urticae. However, given the multitude of channel genes and the potential additive or synergistic effects of mutations, to what extent mutations determine the often extremely strong resistance phenotype in the field deserves further study. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Azadirachtin effects on mating success, gametic abnormalities and progeny survival in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera)
Authors: Oulhaci Chemseddine M , Denis Béatrice , Kilani‐Morakchi Samira , Sandoz Jean‐Christophe , Kaiser Laure , Joly Dominique , Aribi Nadia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAzadirachtin is a prominent natural pesticide and represents an alternative to conventional insecticides. It has been successfully used against insect pests. However, its effects on reproduction require further analysis. Here we investigated lethal and sublethal effects of azadirachtin, on treated adults in a model insect, Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen). Dose–mortality relationships as well as several parameters of reproduction (mating, spermatogenesis, oogenesis and fertility) were examined.RESULTSNeem‐Azal, a commercial formulation of azadirachtin, applied topically on newly emerged adults, increased mortality with a positive dose‐dependent relationship. The LD50 (0.63 μg) was determined 24 h after treatment using a non‐linear regression. Adults surviving this dose had a mating success that was divided by 3 and a progeny production reduced by half when males were treated, and even more when females were treated. When combining probability of survival, of mating and reduced progeny, it appeared that LD50 induced a 98% reduction in reproductive rates. Reduced progeny was partially explained by the effect of adult treatment on gametes number and abnormalities. The number of cysts and the apical nuclei positions within the cysts decreased by 29.7% and 20%, respectively, in males. In females, the number of oocytes per ovary and the volume of basal oocytes also decreased by 16.1% and 32.4%, respectively.CONCLUSIONAzadirachtin causes significant toxic effects in both sexes and decreases the fecundity and fertility of D. melanogaster. Females are more sensitive to azadirachtin. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Measurement dynamic feedback output regulation in hybrid linear systems with state jumps
Authors: Zattoni Elena , Perdon Anna Maria , Conte Giuseppe 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis work investigates the problem of designing a hybrid dynamic feedback regulator that forces the output of a hybrid linear system to asymptotically converge to the reference generated by a hybrid exogenous system, asymptotically rejects the exogenous disturbance, and attains global asymptotic stability of the compensated hybrid linear dynamics. The class of hybrid linear systems addressed exhibits a continuous‐time linear behavior except at isolated points of the time axis, where the state is subject to discontinuities that are caused by a jump behavior. In the presence of possibly unequally spaced state jumps, under the only constraint that the minimum time between any two consecutive jumps is no smaller than a given positive real constant, both implicit and explicit sufficient conditions for the existence of a solution to the stated problem are shown. The explicit condition is constructive, in the sense that it outlines the algorithmic procedure for the synthesis of the hybrid feedback regulator, provided that a certain output‐nulling hybrid controlled invariant subspace be known. Then, a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of such subspace is proven, so that a computational means to derive it, if any exists, is given. Finally, the devised approach is applied to a numerical example borrowed from the literature, with the twofold aim of illustrating its implementation and making a comparison with the available method.
Further Observations on the Mechanism of Formic Acid Decomposition by Homogeneous Ruthenium Catalyst
Authors: Treigerman Ziv , Sasson Yoel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFormic acid is well known as a hydrogen source and a hydrogen donor under thermal, catalytic and photocatalytic conditions. In this study, we generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide in a ratio of 1:1 by decomposing formic acid in presence of a homogeneous ruthenium catalysis under mild conditions. At 40oC TOF>600 h−1 was realized. The catalyst is stable and robust through numerous cycles of the decomposition reaction. Furthermore, maintaining the active catalyst system under ambient conditions for months caused no harm to its vitality. The catalytic activity could be restored instantly at any time simply by adding formic acid and heating to 40oC. Over the years, scientists have suggested different incomplete schemes for the decomposition reaction based on experimental and theoretical studies. In this paper we propose a novel molecular mechanism for this reaction.
Parent Book Talk to Accelerate Spanish Content Vocabulary Knowledge
Authors: Pollard‐Durodola Sharolyn D. , Gonzalez Jorge E. , Satterfield Teresa , Benki José R. , Vaquero Juana , Ungco Camille 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article bridges research to practice by summarizing an interactive content‐enriched shared book reading approach that Spanish‐speaking parents of preschool‐age children can easily use in the home to accelerate content vocabulary knowledge in Spanish. The approach was implemented in preschool classrooms using a transitional bilingual education model in Central Texas and in a Saturday Spanish heritage language school in the Midwestern United States. Spanish‐speaking emergent bilingual children from both lower and higher socioeconomic status backgrounds learned content‐related vocabulary via parent–child discussions of Spanish storybooks and informational texts organized by compelling science and social studies themes and topics. The authors provide recommendations for how teachers can support Spanish‐speaking parents' ability to develop informal knowledge‐building experiences through home‐based interactive book discussions in Spanish.
Axillobifemoral Bypasses: Reappraisal of an Extra‐Anatomic Bypass by Analysis of Results and Prognostic Factors
Authors: Dickas D. , Verrel F. , Kalff J. , Koscielny A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundAxillobifemoral bypass (AFB) is method of second choice. It is reserved for patients at high operative risk or to bypass infected vessels or grafts. In this study, we analyzed prognostic factors for AFB patency and limb salvage rate to facilitate the choice of procedure.MethodsBetween Jan 2006 and Aug 2013, 45 patients underwent AFB surgery in our department, 24 for critical limb ischemia (CLI) and 23 for infection. Endpoints of study were graft occlusion, graft infection, amputation and patient’s death. Prognostic factors were compared by univariate analysis for each indication group. Mean follow‐up was 40.2 (±23.2) months.ResultsComplication rate was significantly higher in infection group (88.0 vs. 54.4%, p = 0.003) and in emergency surgery (83.3 vs. 56.9%, p = 0.023). Overall primary patency rate after AFB procedures was 66.7% after 1, 3, and 5 years, while secondary patency rate was 91.1% after 1 year, 82.2% after 3 years and 80.0% after 5 years. The primary and secondary patency rates did not significantly differ between the both groups (p = 0.059 and p = 0.136). Following prognostic factors showed a statistically significant influence on patency rates in CLI group: >1 previous vascular surgical intervention, patch angioplasty at the distal anastomosis site, complications after previous vascular surgery, and perioperative intake of platelet aggregation inhibitor. Only the employed bypass material had a statistical significant influence on the secondary patency rates in the infection group. Overall limb salvage rate was 82.2% after 1 year, 80.0% after 3 years and 77.8% after 5 years. There were statistically significant differences in the limb salvage rates depending on emergency surgery and a 3‐vessel‐run‐off in the lower leg in both indication groups.ConclusionAFB have acceptable patency and limb salvage rates. AFB is a good alternative in patients with CLI at high operative risk or with infections of aortoiliac segments, even with endovascular approaches. They remain essential tools in vascular surgeon’s repertoire.
How to Attain Ultralow Interfacial Tension and Three‐Phase Behavior with Surfactant Formulation for Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Review. Part 4: Robustness of the Optimum Formulation Zone Through the Insensibility to Some Variables and the Occurrence of Complex Artifacts
Authors: Salager Jean‐Louis , Antón Raquel E. , Arandia María A. , Forgiarini Ana M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn enhanced oil recovery, not only the low‐tension performance, but also the robustness at optimum formulation is an important issue. The fourth part of our review series is dedicated to robustness, defined as the width of the zone exhibiting three‐phase behavior around the optimum formulation, whatever the scanned variable. It is first corroborated from a screening of the available data in the literature that the tension minimum is inversely proportional to the square of the three‐phase range in the HLD scale. However, since there is still an inaccuracy of about a factor 10 in the tension minimum, some significant improvement can be attained in some cases by increasing the three‐phase behavior width in two ways. The first approach consists of finding systems that are insensitive to some formulation variable such as temperature, surfactant mixture composition or concentration, and water‐to‐oil ratio. The second way is to produce an artifact through which the optimum formulation is produced twice in a scan. If the distance between the two events in the scan is reduced down to be zero, their corresponding three‐phase behavior zones merge and result in a wider WIII region with a low tension. Several cases of such events are reported: alkaline scans, anionic‐nonionic and anionic‐cationic mixture changes, linear change in composition in three‐surfactant mixture, partial precipitation from a surfactant mixture in a salinity scan, and excessive partitioning of polyethoxylated nonionics. More complex transitions with three effects in a single scan or three concomitantly scanned variables show even more possibilities in practice.
Investigation of Biobased and Petroleum Base Oils in the Entire Spectrum of Lubrication Regimes
Authors: Biresaw Girma , Bantchev Grigor B. , Murray Rex E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe tribological properties of biobased and petroleum‐based base oils in the entire lubrication regime were investigated. High oleic sunflower oil (HOSuO) and commercially available polyalphaolefin (PAO‐6) were selected to represent biobased and petroleum‐based base oils, respectively. These two oils had similar viscosity and pressure‐viscosity coefficient at 40 °C, but differed in their chemical structures and many other properties. Tribological tests were conducted on a high frequency reciprocating rig tribometer at 40 and 75 °C, for 60 min, 1000 gf load, and variable combinations of frequency and stroke length. Lubrication regimes were quantified using the Hersey number (H) which was calculated from lubricant viscosity and test parameters (load, frequency, stroke length). The key tribological test outputs were coefficient of friction (COF); film thickness (h) expressed in % from contact resistance measurement; and ball wear scar diameter (WSD). Analysis of experimental data showed that the biobased HOSuO provided lower COF, thicker lubricant film, and lower WSD than the petroleum‐based PAO‐6, in all lubrication regimes and at both temperatures (40 and 75 °C). The difference in these properties between the two oils, [Δ(COF), Δ(WSD), Δ(h)], were the greatest in the boundary regimes (low H values) where the polar chemical structure of the biobased lubricant played a dominant role.
Generalizing Ecological Effects of Shoreline Armoring Across Soft Sediment Environments
Authors: Dugan J. E. , Emery K. A. , Alber M. , Alexander C. R. , Byers J. E. , Gehman A. M. , McLenaghan N. , Sojka S. E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDespite its widespread use, the ecological effects of shoreline armoring are poorly synthesized and difficult to generalize across soft sediment environments and structure types. We developed a conceptual model that scales predicted ecological effects of shore-parallel armoring based on two axes: engineering purpose of structure (reduce/slow velocities or prevent/stop flow of waves and currents) and hydrodynamic energy (e.g., tides, currents, waves) of soft sediment environments. We predicted greater ecological impacts for structures intended to stop as opposed to slow water flow and with increasing hydrodynamic energy of the environment. We evaluated our predictions with a literature review of effects of shoreline armoring for six possible ecological responses (habitat distribution, species assemblages, trophic structure, nutrient cycling, productivity, and connectivity). The majority of studies were in low-energy environments (51 of 88), and a preponderance addressed changes in two ecological responses associated with armoring: habitat distribution and species assemblages. Across the 207 armoring effects studied, 71% were significantly negative, 22% were significantly positive, and 7% reported no significant difference. Ecological responses varied with engineering purpose of structures, with a higher frequency of negative responses for structures designed to stop water flow within a given hydrodynamic energy level. Comparisons across the hydrodynamic energy axis were less clear-cut, but negative responses prevailed (>78%) in high-energy environments. These results suggest that generalizations of ecological responses to armoring across a range of environmental contexts are possible and that the proposed conceptual model is useful for generating predictions of the direction and relative ecological impacts of shoreline armoring in soft sediment ecosystems.
Generalisability of prognostic factor research: further analysis of data from the IIPCOS2 study
Authors: Miglani Anjali , Rutten Lex , Manchanda Raj K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPrognostic factor research is important as it helps in refining diagnosis, taking clinical and therapeutic decisions, enhances the design and analysis of intervention trials and helps to identify targets for new interventions that aim to modify the course of a disease. Prognostic factor research in homeopathy can be done by applying Bayes' theorem. This paper considers Bayes' theorem; Likelihood Ratio, conditional probability and research in subpopulations of a condition with examples. We analysed the likelihood ratios for 11 homeopathic medicines for the symptom ‘cough’ and other upper respiratory tract symptoms, based on data from the IIPCOS2 study. This yielded useful information since several medicines, including Belladonna, had LR >1 for cough, indicating that cough is not an indication for this medicine. The implications for improving homeopathic prescribing are discussed.
Statistics of fully turbulent impinging jets
Authors: Wilke Robert , Sesterhenn Jörn 
Published: July 2017

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of subsonic and supersonic impinging jets with Reynolds numbers of 3300 and 8000 are carried out to analyse their statistical properties with respect to heat transfer. The Reynolds number range is at low or moderate values in terms of practical applications, but very high regarding the technical possibilities of DNS. A Reynolds number of 8000 is technically relevant for the cooling of turbine blades. In this case, the flow is dominated by primary and secondary vortex rings. Statistics of turbulent heat fluxes and Reynolds stresses as well as the Nusselt number are provided and brought into accordance with these vortices. Velocity and temperature fluctuations were found to have a positive influence on cooling of the impinging plate. Beside the description of the flow, a second aim of this article is the provision of data for improvement of turbulence models. Modern large eddy simulations are still not able to precisely predict impingement heat transfer (Dairayet al.,Intl J. Heat Fluid Flow, vol. 50 (0), 2014, pp. 177–187). Common relations between heat and mass transfer respectively temperature and velocity fields are applied to the impinging jet. These relations include the Reynolds and Chilton Colburn analogy, the Crocco–Busemann relation and the generalised Reynolds analogy (GRA). It was found that the first two deliver useful values if the distance to the jet axis is larger than one diameter, away from the strong pressure gradient around the stagnation point. The GRA, in contrast, precisely predicts the mean temperature field if no axial velocity gradient is present. The estimation of temperature fluctuations according to the GRA fails. As third main topic of this article, the influence of the Mach number on heat transfer and the flow field, is studied. Against the common practise of neglecting compressibility effects in experimental Nusselt correlations, we observed that higher Mach numbers (up to 1.1) have a positive influence on heat transfer in the deflection zone due to higher flow fluctuations.
Numerical Investigation of Unsteady Flows Past Flapping Wings with Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Gong C. L. , Yuan Z. J. , Zhou Q. , Chen G. , Fang Z. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBiomimetic motions are helpful to underwater vehicles and new conception airplanes design. The lattice Boltzmann method with an immersed boundary method technique is used to reveal the propulsion and lift enhancement mechanism of biomimetic motions. The flow past a sphere and an ellipsoidal flapping wing were validated respectively by comparing with other numerical methods. Then a single flapping wing and three flapping wings in a tandem arrangement are accomplished respectively. It founds that the mean thrust coefficient of three plate wings is bigger than the one of the single plate wing. Three ellipsoidal wings and single ellipsoidal wing are compared. It shows that the single ellipsoidal wing has larger thrust coefficients than the three ellipsoidal wings. Ellipsoidal flapping wing and plate wing were further compared to investigate the influence of wing shape. It indicates the mean thrust coefficient of the ellipsoidal wing is bigger than the plate wing.
Melt-under-cutting and buoyancy-driven calving from tidewater glaciers: new insights from discrete element and continuum model simulations
Authors: BENN DOUGLAS I. , ÅSTRÖM JAN , ZWINGER THOMAS , TODD JOE , NICK FAEZEH M. , COOK SUSAN , HULTON NICHOLAS R. J. , LUCKMAN ADRIAN 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe simple calving laws currently used in ice-sheet models do not adequately reflect the complexity and diversity of calving processes. To be effective, calving laws must be grounded in a sound understanding of how calving actually works. Here, we develop a new strategy for formulating calving laws, using (a) the Helsinki Discrete Element Model (HiDEM) to explicitly model fracture and calving processes, and (b) the continuum model Elmer/Ice to identify critical stress states associated with HiDEM calving events. A range of observed calving processes emerges spontaneously from HiDEM in response to variations in ice-front buoyancy and the size of subaqueous undercuts. Calving driven by buoyancy and melt under-cutting is under-predicted by existing calving laws, but we show that the location and magnitude of HiDEM calving events can be predicted in Elmer/Ice from characteristic stress patterns. Our results open the way to developing calving laws that properly reflect the diversity of calving processes, and provide a framework for a unified theory of the calving process continuum.