bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the water content in polyamide 6 on atmospheric pressure plasma jet pre-treatment and adhesion for adhesive bonding
Authors: Beier Christoph J. A. , Schiebahn Alexander , Reisgen Uwe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo quantify the influence of absorbed water in PA6 on the pre-treatment and bonding process, an unfilled and unreinforced PA6 material is investigated in a dried and saturated state. The material is pre-treated by atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ) with varying jet distances. The surfaces are investigated by contact angle measurements, DSC and FTIR to detect molecular and morphological changes in the surface. To evaluate the bonding strength, samples are bonded with a two-component polyurethane adhesive and a two-component acrylate adhesive and tested in a lap shear and a tensile configuration. The results show that water content has a significant influence on the effectivity of the pre-treatment process and the resulting bonding strength and failure mechanism. The adhesion is majorly affected, however these effects do not influence the macroscopic wetting behavior and cannot be measured in contact angles. FTIR spectra and DSC scans do not show significant changes in molecular groups or crystallinity that would explain the observed adhesion improvement in dried samples. High bonding strength is only achieved with adherents at low water content.
Digesting the facts: recent progresses in nutritional therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Hu Jun , Zhi Min , Zhu Lixin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImbalanced dietary intake is common in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Studies on pre-illness dietary intake identified risk and protective food groups and nutrients. Based on these findings, the American Gastroenterological Association states that patients with IBD will benefit from a diet rich in a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables, monounsaturated fats, complex carbohydrates, and lean proteins while being low in ultraprocessed foods, added sugar, and salt. Malnutrition is common in IBD, especially Crohn’s disease. Nutritional therapies were initiated to improve the nutritional status of the patients, and happen to induce remission in many patients. However, nutritional interventions may achieve better outcomes by incorporating the findings on the dietary risk and protective factors for IBD.
Plant-based meat analogs: color challenges and coloring agents
Authors: Wu Haizhou , Sakai Kiyota , Zhang Jingnan , McClements David Julian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInterest in transitioning from animal-based to plant-based diets has surged due to ethical, environmental, and health considerations. Despite this shift, mimicking the appearance of real meat in plant-based alternatives presents significant challenges. This paper focuses on the color challenge in plant-based meat analogs and the coloring agents involved. After discussing the appearance and pigments of real meat and their color changes during storage, processing, and cooking, this paper delves into the major challenges and requirements of color when developing meat analogs. The coloring agents used for plant-based meat analogs are reviewed, including plant-derived biocolorants like leghemoglobin, betalains, lycopene and curcumin, and microbial pigments. Key factors influencing the coloration of these colorants, such as oxygen levels, pH, and temperature are discussed. Additionally, consumer acceptance of these coloring agents are addressed. Finally, it discusses the challenges in using these coloring agents and proposes avenues for future research.
Microscopic observations of smectite cation exchange in the absence of free water: implications for the evolution of Mars sediments
Authors: Geyer Christopher , Elwood Madden Andrew S. , Larson Preston R. , Elwood Madden Megan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Models of cation exchange mechanisms and driving forces have proven effective predictors of clay behavior and chemistry, but are largely theoretical, particularly in complex systems involving high ionic strength brines or systems where hydration is controlled by relative humidity. In arid and cold environments, such as Mars, cyclical relative humidity variations may play a role in chemical alteration, particularly if clay minerals such as smectite are in the presence of salts. This study examines the effects of relative humidity on smectite-salt mixtures using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) to observe the physiochemical effects of salt deliquescence and desiccation on smectite textures and elemental distributions. Results demonstrate that even reaction periods as short as a few minutes allow ample time for relative humidity to affect the smectite-salt mixtures. In addition to smectite swelling and salt deliquescence, we also observed rapid changes in element distributions within the smectite and new crystal growth in the presence of high relative humidity. Even in the absence of bulk liquid water, exchangeable cations migrated out of the smectite and formed new crystals at the smectite-salt interface. The observed microscopic changes in elemental distributions indicate that the migration of cations driven by cation exchange led to secondary mineral precipitation, likely a CaSO4 mineral, within a sub-micrometer-thick layer of water on the smectite grains. The results of this study demonstrate that during periods of elevated relative humidity, active smectite mineral alteration and secondary mineral precipitation may be possible on present-day Mars where salts and smectites are in direct physical contact.
Terrorist Attacks in Latin America from 1970 through 2020: Analysis and Impact from a Counter-Terrorism Medicine Perspective
Authors: Curtis Timothy J , Hertelendy Atilla J , Tin Derrick , Hata Ryan , Issa Fadi , Noel Jacob , Ciotonne Gregory R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To analyze terror events in Latin America from 1970 through 2020 utilizing the Global Terrorism Database (GTD).

Methods
A retrospective descriptive analysis of data from 17 Latin America Countries from 1970 through 2020 was performed to include number of attacks, deaths, injuries, primary weapon types, location, and primary target types.

Results
A total 30,224 attacks were recorded, resulting in 60,163 deaths and 26,576 injuries. Firearms were the most frequent weapons used (12,651), followed by explosives (12,518), unspecified weapons (3,198), and incendiary devices (1,584). Military-related targets (4,929) were the most frequently targeted entities, followed by private citizens and property (4,906), businesses (4,810), general government facilities (3,994), police (2,955), diplomatic government facilities (604), and religious figures/institutions (464).

Conclusion
The health implications of terrorist attacks are often compounded by violence that pose unique challenges to populations, governments, and aid organizations. Through an understanding of the impact and scope of terrorist activity, Counter-Terrorism Medicine strategies can improve outcomes through all stages of the disaster cycle.
The Interplay Between Financial Strain, Health, and Quality of Life
Authors: Onwuka Chiadi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To elucidate the association between financial challenges, healthcare needs, and their subsequent impact on individuals’ mental health, physical well-being, and quality of life.

Methods
ChiKobi Health conducted a market research survey consisting of twenty questions. 25 participants responded, providing insights into their emotional states due to health or financial situations, daily energy levels, mental health associations with financial and healthcare situations, overall quality of life, experiences with chronic pain, physical functioning, and interests in healthcare management services and holistic products.

Results
Key findings indicate: 88% of respondents occasionally to often felt emotionally drained due to health or financial situations. 80% rated their overall quality of life as good to excellent, but 40% have experienced chronic pain that interfered with daily activities. 48% felt their physical health was occasionally to always hindered by financial or healthcare limitations. 60% expressed interest in personalized healthcare manager services and 84% in holistic medical products for preventative health needs.

Conclusions
Financial strain and healthcare challenges are significantly intertwined with individuals’ emotional and physical well-being. Given the current global challenges and climate change effects leading to more health-related crises, understanding these interrelationships is paramount for disaster medicine and public health efforts, particularly for vulnerable populations.
Coevolution of norm psychology and cooperation through exapted conformity
Authors: Kido Yuta , Takezawa Masanori 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
People willingly follow norms and values, often incurring material costs. This behaviour supposedly stems from evolved norm psychology, contributing to large-scale cooperation among humans. It has been argued that cooperation is influenced by two types of norms: injunctive and descriptive. This study theoretically explores the socialisation of humans under these norms. Our agent-based model simulates scenarios where diverse agents with heterogeneous norm psychologies engage in collective action to maximise their utility functions that capture three motives: gaining material payoff, following injunctive and descriptive norms. Multilevel selective pressure drives the evolution of norm psychology that affects the utility function. Further, we develop a model with exapted conformity, assuming selective advantage for descriptive norm psychology. We show that norm psychology can evolve via cultural group selection. We then identify two normative conditions that favour the evolution of norm psychology, and therefore cooperation: injunctive norms promoting punitive behaviour and descriptive norms. Furthermore, we delineate different characteristics of cooperative societies under these two conditions and explore the potential for a macro transition between them. Together, our results validate the emergence of large-scale cooperative societies through social norms and suggest complementary roles that conformity and punishment play in human prosociality.
Mental health and quality of life following breast cancer diagnosis in patients seen at a tertiary care hospital in Nairobi, Kenya: A qualitative study
Authors: Annamalai Divya , Helova Anna , Saleh Mansoor , Gikaara Nancy , Rupani Sehrish , Abayo Innocent , Karimi Noureen , Sharma Karishma , Omedo Isaiah , Owuor Kevin , Gutnik Lily , Turan Janet M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Mental health challenges are common following cancer diagnosis, negatively impacting treatment and quality of life for breast cancer (BC) patients. This pilot study provides an understanding of the impacts of BC diagnosis and care experiences on the mental health of patients seen at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi, Kenya. We conducted 40 in-depth interviews, including 10 women with newly diagnosed BC, 10 women with metastatic BC, 10 family members and 10 healthcare professionals. Data were transcribed, translated into English as needed and coded using Dedoose software. Following BC diagnosis, it was reported that patients faced various physical, social, psychological and spiritual factors affecting their mental health and quality of life. Our interviews with each group indicated that BC patients experienced feelings of stress, anxiety and depression related to treatments and accompanying side effects. Disclosure concerns, financial impacts, relationship strain and negative outlooks on life were common among BC patients. The findings indicate that BC diagnosis and care experiences influence mental health in this population. With this basis, understanding and addressing the mental health challenges of BC patients is crucial to improve mental health and quality of life.
The Curated ATCA Census of High-Mass Clumps (CACHMC) Legacy Survey
Authors: Allingham David , Jackson James Michael , Hogge Taylor , Whitaker John Scott , Patterson Philippa , Killerby-Smith Nicholas , Askew Jacob , Vandenberg Thomas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In order to study the structure and temperature distribution within high-mass star-forming clumps, we employed the Australia Telescope Compact Array to image the

$\mathrm{NH}_3$

(J,K) = (1,1) through (6,6) and the (2,1) inversion transitions, the

$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$

$6_{16}$

-

$5_{23}$

maser line at 22.23508 GHz, several

$\mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{OH}$

lines and hydrogen and helium recombination lines. In addition, 22- and 24-GHz radio continuum emission was also imaged.
The

$\mathrm{NH}_3$

lines probe the optical depth and gas temperature of compact structures within the clumps. The

$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$

maser pinpoints the location of shocked gas associated with star formation. The recombination lines and the continuum emission trace the ionised gas associated with hot OB stars. The paper describes the data and presents sample images and spectra towards select clumps. The technique for estimating gas temperature from

$\mathrm{NH}_3$

line ratios is described. The data show widespread hyperfine intensity anomalies in the

$\mathrm{NH}_3$

(1,1) images, an indicator of non-LTE

$\mathrm{NH}_3$

excitation. We also identify several new

$\mathrm{NH}_3$

(3,3) masers associated with shocked gas. Towards AGAL328.809+00.632, the

$\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$

$6_{16}$

-

$5_{23}$

line, normally seen as a maser, is instead seen as a thermally excited absorption feature against a strong background continuum. The data products are described in detail.
Do the Bretton Woods Institutions promote economic transparency?
Authors: Hollyer James R. , Pang Xun , Rosendorff B. Peter , Vreeland James Raymond 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Disseminating data is a core mission of international organizations. The Bretton Woods Institutions (BWIs), in particular, have become a main data source for research and policy-making. Due to their extensive lending activities, the BWIs often find themselves in a position to assist and pressure governments to increase the amount of economic data that they provide. In this study, we explore the association between loans from the BWIs and an index of economic transparency derived from the data-reporting practices of governments to the World Bank. Using a matching method for causal inference with panel data complemented by a multilevel regression analysis, we examine, separately, loan commitments and disbursements from the IMF and the World Bank. The multilevel regression analysis finds a significant association between BWI loans and the improvement of economic transparency in all developing countries; the matching method identifies a causal effect in democracies.
Antiquity market trends in Anatolian figurines 1999–2022: Studies in price, prevalence and provenance
Authors: Devlin Liam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn recent decades, the Turkish government has adopted a proactive policy of pursuing the restitution of cultural objects it believes were illegally removed from its territory. Utilising open-access sale data, the following article examines the impact of this formal restitution policy upon antiquity market sales in Anatolian figurines between 1999 and 2022 across three major international auction houses and the internet market. By casting a forensic gaze upon seemingly decreasing sale rates and ostensibly improving standards of provenance, this study suggests that apparent improvements in the market for Anatolian figurines should not be attributed to the Turkish government restitution policy. Instead, it argues that salient commercial dynamics and the profit-oriented business strategies of individual auction houses are the operative factors in shaping antiquity market data. In doing so, it provides the first quantitative market analysis of auction house sales in Anatolian figurines, widens the applicability of existing methodologies for navigating the duplicitous nature of antiquity market data, and offers much needed empirical insights into the illicit antiquities trade.
Health technology assessment and innovation: here to help or hinder?
Authors: Mundy Linda , Forrest Ben , Huang Li-Ying , Maddern Guy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Innovative health technologies offer much to patients, clinicians, and health systems. Policy makers can, however, be slow to embrace innovation for many reasons, including a less robust body of evidence, perceived high costs, and a fear that once technologies enter the health system, they will be difficult to remove. Health technology funding decisions are usually made after a rigorous health technology assessment (HTA) process, including a cost analysis. However, by focusing on therapeutic value and cost-savings, the traditional HTA framework often fails to capture innovation in the assessment process. How HTA defines, evaluates, and values innovation is currently inconsistent, and it is generally agreed that by explicitly defining innovation would recognize and reward and, in turn, stimulate, encourage, and incentivize future innovation in the system. To foster innovation in health technology, policy needs to be innovative and utilize other HTA tools to inform decision making including horizon scanning, multicriteria decision analysis, and funding mechanisms such as managed agreements and coverage with evidence development. When properly supported and incentivized, and by shifting the focus from cost to investment, innovation in health technology such as genomics, point-of-care testing, and digital health may deliver better patient outcomes. Industry and agency members of the Health Technology Assessment International Asia Policy Forum (APF) met in Taiwan in November 2023 to discuss the potential of HTA to foster innovation, especially in the Asia region. Discussions and presentations during the 2023 APF were informed by a background paper, which forms the basis of this paper.
Speech cycling experiment on Finnish rhythm
Authors: Vakkilainen Joonas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Rhythm typology seeks to classify languages according to the units on which they base their rhythm. The most used categories are stress-timing, syllable-timing, and mora-timing. Traditional rhythm typology has been questioned by instrumental research, because the claimed isochronous units have not been found. Speech cycling is a method that endeavours to find regular rhythmic units by utilising repeated speech that the speaker produces by accommodating to regularly paced stimuli. This is intended to eliminate the irregularities that would otherwise hide the linguistic rhythm. The present study is a speech cycling experiment on Finnish. The subjects read sentences that were varied in the mora and syllable count. The locations of the stressed syllables were analysed on a relative scale to see if they appear at regular phases. The results show that in Finnish the mora, the syllable, and the quantity pattern all affect the phases.
Weber in Jerusalem: The Rabbinical Debate over the Establishment of the Rabbinical Court of Appeals, 1918–1921
Authors: Schlesinger Chagai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The twentieth-century processes of legal modernization rendered transformations to the concept of authority and its public perception. This article builds on the complex Weberian articulations of these transformations to analyze a contemporary contentious debate concerning the establishment of a Rabbinical Court of Appeals, in Mandatory Palestine, between 1918 and 1921. This initiative, imposed by the British government and supported by non-religious Jewish leaders, raised a heated controversy between two rabbinical figures—Haim Hirschnson of Hoboken, New Jersey, and Ben-Zion Uziel of Jaffa. Based on a close reading of their texts, juxtaposing them to Weberian conceptualizations of modern authority, and contextualizing them in particular historical circumstances, I argue that both rabbis comprehended the appellate mechanism as transforming the concept of rabbinical authority. By instituting appellate courts, authority shifts from its “charismatic” or “traditional” form to a “legal” institutional-based form. They harshly disagreed, however, if this transformation is a positive development in the modernization of Jewish law, or, on the contrary, will have a detrimental impact on the public's trust in the judiciary. The rabbinical articulations of these Weberian themes, as I suggest to interpret their texts, shed light on the application of the Weberian theory of bureaucracy to the judicial system and legal profession and also provide illuminating insights into the analysis of current church-law relationships, in Israeli law and elsewhere.
Continuous Initial Breakdown Development of In‐Cloud Lightning Flashes
Authors: Pu Yunjiao , Cummer Steven A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUsing a 30–250 MHz VHF interferometer, we observed a previously unreported mode of initial lightning development inside thunderclouds. This mode is defined by continuous VHF radiation spanning several km within the first few milliseconds of lightning initiation. Following flash initiation through fast positive breakdown at high altitudes above 9 km, the VHF radiation front of upward negative streamers ascended continuously at a speed of ∼1.0 × 106 m/s, forming a continuous initial breakdown burst (CIBB) about 2 km in length. For the two CIBBs analyzed, the long and narrow CIBB channel was traversed by dart leaders that occurred later in the flash, indicating that the CIBB channel belongs to what becomes the main conducting leader channel. In contrast to classic initial breakdown pulses (IBPs) with sub‐pulses superimposed on the rising edge, CIBBs produced a series of discrete, narrow LF pulses (<10 μs) with an average time interval of 0.20 and 0.14 ms, respectively. We speculate that a CIBB is a continuously developing negative streamer system in the high electric field region at high altitudes, with connections of internal plasma channels producing LF pulses. These results have implications for physical conditions conducive to the formation of a long and continuous negative streamer system.
Ecohydrological Variables Underlie Local Moisture Recycling in Mediterranean‐Type Climates
Authors: Theeuwen Jolanda J. E. , Dekker Stefan C. , Hamelers Bert V. M. , Staal Arie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMediterranean areas are projected to face increased water scarcity due to global changes. Because a relatively large fraction of the precipitation in Mediterranean areas originates locally, changes at the land surface may further dampen local precipitation. Here, we study the contribution of evaporation to local precipitation for the first time on a scale of approximately 50 km using local evaporation recycling (ELMR) and local precipitation recycling (PLMR), and make a comparison among five Mediterranean climate regions: South West Australia, South West US, central Chile, the Mediterranean Basin, and the Cape region of South Africa. Specifically, this study aims to understand the effects of ecohydrological (dependent on vegetation or the hydrological cycle) and non‐ecohydrological variables on ELMR and PLMR. We find that (a) on average, ecohydrological variables correlate more frequently and more strongly to ELMR and PLMR than non‐ecohydrological variables; (b) ELMR is large over wet areas and PLMR is large over dry areas; and (c) there are differences in underlying factors of ELMR and PLMR among the regions due to differences in wetness, topography, and land cover. The results suggest that in Mediterranean regions, changes in vegetation cover or the hydrological cycle may strengthen the local water cycle through enhancing ELMR. Finally, ELMR and PLMR help to identify where in Mediterranean regions we might enhance the local water cycle through land cover changes.