bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concise Review: Fabrication, Customization, and Application of Cell Mimicking Microparticles in Stem Cell Science
Authors: Labriola Nicholas R. , Azagury Aharon , Gutierrez Robert , Mathiowitz Edith , Darling Eric M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Stem and non-stem cell behavior is heavily influenced by the surrounding microenvironment, which includes other cells, matrix, and potentially biomaterials. Researchers have been successful in developing scaffolds and encapsulation techniques to provide stem cells with mechanical, topographical, and chemical cues to selectively direct them toward a desired differentiation pathway. However, most of these systems fail to present truly physiological replications of the in vivo microenvironments that stem cells are typically exposed to in tissues. Thus, cell mimicking microparticles (CMMPs) have been developed to more accurately recapitulate the properties of surrounding cells while still offering ways to tailor what stimuli are presented. This nascent field holds the promise of reducing, or even eliminating, the need for live cells in select, regenerative medicine therapies, and diagnostic applications. Recent, CMMP-based studies show great promise for the technology, yet only reproduce a small subset of cellular characteristics from among those possible: size, morphology, topography, mechanical properties, surface molecules, and tailored chemical release to name the most prominent. This Review summarizes the strengths, weaknesses, and ideal applications of micro/nanoparticle fabrication and customization methods relevant to cell mimicking and provides an outlook on the future of this technology. Moving forward, researchers should seek to combine multiple techniques to yield CMMPs that replicate as many cellular characteristics as possible, with an emphasis on those that most strongly influence the desired therapeutic effects. The level of flexibility in customizing CMMP properties allows them to substitute for cells in a variety of regenerative medicine, drug delivery, and diagnostic systems.
Precise Synthesis of Well‐Defined Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Particles
Authors: Shiba Kota , Ogawa Makoto 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSynthesis of hybrid particles toward precisely designed hierarchical nanoarchitectures is summarized. In order to satisfy the demands for a variety of materials’ performances, the selection of materials, composition and synthesis is carefully done. Flow reactors are one of the useful synthetic means to prepare hybrid materials, especially those with hierarchically and precisely designed multi‐components hybrid particles, owing to the efficient mixing and heat exchange in the reactor as well as its connectable (both parallel and sequential) feature. In this review article, after the summary of the preparation of hybrids based on oxides and organics through conventional batch reactors, the application of flow reactors to the preparation of various hybrid particles is introduced to highlight the present status and future possibility of the flow reactor synthesis.
Osthole induces human nasopharyngeal cancer cells apoptosis through Fas–Fas ligand and mitochondrial pathway
Authors: Liu Pei‐Ying , Chang Dun‐Cheng , Lo Yu‐Sheng , Hsi Yi‐Ting , Lin Chia‐Chieh , Chuang Yi‐Ching , Lin Shu‐Hui , Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Chen Mu‐Kuan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is endemic in Southern China and Southeast Asia. The present study investigated the activity of osthole in suppressing NPC along with the underlying mechanism. Cell growth inhibition was measured using the MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected through 4ʹ,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole staining and flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to identify the signaling pathway. Osthole markedly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in the NPC cell line. Western blotting results revealed the increased activation of caspases 3, 8, and 9 and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase. Osthole treatment significantly reduced the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐2 and increased the expression of the proapoptotic proteins Bax, Bak, BimL, BimS, and t‐Bid. Osthole treatment also increased the expression of Fas, FADD, TNF‐R1, TNF‐R2, DcR2, RIP, and DR5. In addition, osthole treatment significantly increased the expression levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and JNK1/2. These results suggested that osthole exerts cytotoxic effects on NPC cell lines mainly through apoptosis mediated by the Fas–Fas ligand and mitochondrial pathway. Osthole could be a potential anticancer agent for NPC.
Say It in Your Language: Supporting Translanguaging in Multilingual Classes
Authors: Rowe Lindsey W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEmergent bilingual students draw on their linguistic repertoires, moving fluidly between named languages and varieties to meet communicative ends. However, these translanguaging abilities are often not supported in English‐dominant school settings. The author proposes six design principles that educators can use to create instructional strategies that support emergent bilinguals’ translanguaging in the classroom. The author then describes an instructional activity that was created and implemented following the design principles. During this activity, second‐grade emergent bilingual students used tablets to record and share multilingual e‐books. As a result, not only were students’ translanguaging abilities supported, but students were also able to create bilingual written texts and develop strategies to effectively translate for one another.
Long-term reduction of seclusion and forced medication on a hospital-wide level: Implementation of an open-door policy over 6 years
Authors: Hochstrasser L. , Fröhlich D. , Schneeberger A.R. , Borgwardt S. , Lang U.E. , Stieglitz R.-D. , Huber C.G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPsychiatric inpatient treatment is increasingly performed in settings with locked doors. However, locked wards have well-known disadvantages and are ethically problematic. In addition, recent data challenges the hypothesis that locked wards provide improved safety over open-door settings regarding suicide, absconding and aggression. Furthermore, there is evidence that the introduction of an open-door policy may lead to short-term reductions in involuntary measures. The aim of this study was to assess if the introduction of an open-door policy is associated with a long-term reduction of the frequency of seclusion and forced medication.MethodIn this 6-year, hospital-wide, longitudinal, observational study, we examined the frequency of seclusion and forced medication in 17,359 inpatient cases admitted to the Department of Adult Psychiatry, Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK) Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland. In an approach to enable a less restrictive policy, six previously closed psychiatric wards were permanently opened beginning from August 2011. During this process, a systematic change towards a more patient-centered and recovery-oriented care was applied. Statistical analysis consisted of generalized estimating equations (GEE) models.ResultsIn multivariate analyses controlling for potential confounders, the implementation of an open-door policy was associated with a continuous reduction of seclusion (from 8.2 to 3.5%; ηp2 = 0.82; odds ratio: 0.88) and forced medication (from 2.4 to 1.2%; ηp2 = 0.70; odds ratio: 0.90).ConclusionThis underlines the potential of the introduction of an open-door policy to attain a long-term reduction in involuntary measures.
A cross-continental analysis of weight gain, psychiatric diagnoses and medication use during inpatient psychiatric treatment. The international study on physical illness in mentally ill
Authors: Engelke Christina , Lange-Asschenfeldt Christian , Peter Stephanie , Kahl Kai G. , Frasch Karel , Larsen Jens I. , Bickel Graziella G. , Bork Bernhard , Jacobsen Bent A. , Wallenstein-Jensen Signe O. , Lauber Christoph , Mogensen Birthe , Nielsen Jørgen A. , Rössler Wulf , Tsuchiya Kenji J. , Toftegaard Kristian L. , Andersen Ulla A. , Uwakwe Richard , Munk-Jørgensen Povl , Cordes Joachim 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWeight gain among psychiatric inpatients is a widespread phenomenon. This change in body mass index (BMI) can be caused by several factors. Based on recent research, we assume the following factors are related to weight gain during psychiatric inpatient treatment: psychiatric medication, psychiatric diagnosis, sex, age, weight on admission and geographic region of treatment.876 of originally recruited 2328 patients met the criteria for our analysis. Patients were recruited and examined in mental health care centres in Nigeria (N=265), Japan (N=145) and Western-Europe (Denmark, Germany and Switzerland; N=466).There was a significant effect of psychiatric medication, psychiatric diagnoses and geographic region, but not age and sex, on BMI changes. Geographic region had a significant effect on BMI change, with Nigerian patients gaining significantly more weight than Japanese and Western European patients. Moreover, geographic region influenced the type of psychiatric medication prescribed and the psychiatric diagnoses. The diagnoses and psychiatric medication prescribed had a significant effect on BMI change.In conclusion, we consider weight gain as a multifactorial phenomenon that is influenced by several factors. One can discuss a number of explanations for our findings, such as different clinical practices in the geographical regions (prescribing or admission strategies and access-to-care aspects), as well as socio-economic and cultural differences.
A Quantitative Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Oral Cholera Vaccine as a Reactive Measure in Cholera Outbreaks
Authors: Schwerdtle Patricia , Onekon Coretta-Kings , Recoche Katrina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe efficacy of oral cholera vaccines (OCVs) in laboratory conditions has been established, and the World Health Organization (WHO; Geneva, Switzerland) has recommended their preventative use in high-risk settings. The WHO recommendation has not been fully operationalized, nor has it been extended to apply to the reactive use of OCVs in real field epidemic conditions due to concerns about potential resource diversion, feasibility, cost, and acceptability. The purpose of this study is to assess and synthesize existing evidence of OCV effectiveness when used reactively in real field conditions.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted involving studies that investigated vaccine effectiveness when used as a reactive measure; that is, cases had reached epidemic threshold and a cholera epidemic was declared in real field epidemic conditions. OVID Medline (US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, Maryland USA), CINAHL (EBSCO Information Services; Ipswich, Massachusetts USA), and EMBASE (Elsevier; Amsterdam, Netherlands), along with grey literature, were systematically searched using pre-determined criteria. Two independent reviewers identified studies that met the selection criteria and data were extracted using validated tools. Pooled estimates were obtained using fixed effect models.ResultsOf the 347 articles that met the inclusion criteria, four studies were retrieved for meta-analysis (three were case-control studies and one was a case-cohort study) involving a total of 1,509 participants and comprising 175 cases and 1,334 case controls. The effectiveness of one or two doses of either Shanchol (Shantha Biotechnics; India) or ORC-Vax (Vabiotech; Vietnam) OCVs showed a combined vaccine effectiveness of 75% (95% CI, 61-84).ConclusionA positive association was demonstrated between the reactive use of OCVs and protection against cholera. This supported the WHO recommendation to utilize OCVs reactively as an additional measure to the standard cholera epidemic response package.SchwerdtleP, OnekonCK, RecocheK. A quantitative systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of oral cholera vaccine as a reactive measure in cholera outbreaks. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(1):2–6.
ATF6 safeguards organelle homeostasis and cellular aging in human mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Wang Si , Hu Boqiang , Ding Zhichao , Dang Yujiao , Wu Jun , Li Di , Liu Xiaoling , Xiao Bailong , Zhang Weiqi , Ren Ruotong , Lei Jinghui , Hu Huifang , Chen Chang , Chan Piu , Li Dong , Qu Jing , Tang Fuchou , Liu Guang-Hui 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLoss of organelle homeostasis is a hallmark of aging. However, it remains elusive how this occurs at gene expression level. Here, we report that human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) aging is associated with dysfunction of double-membrane organelles and downregulation of transcription factor ATF6. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated inactivation of ATF6 in hMSCs, not in human embryonic stem cells and human adipocytes, results in premature cellular aging, characteristic of loss of endomembrane homeostasis. Transcriptomic analyses uncover cell type-specific constitutive and stress-induced ATF6-regulated genes implicated in various layers of organelles’ homeostasis regulation. FOS was characterized as a constitutive ATF6 responsive gene, downregulation of which contributes to hMSC aging. Our study unravels the first ATF6-regulated gene expression network related to homeostatic regulation of membrane organelles, and provides novel mechanistic insights into aging-associated attrition of human stem cells.
DNA methyltransferase inhibition upregulates MHC-I to potentiate cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses in breast cancer
Authors: Luo Na , Nixon Mellissa J. , Gonzalez-Ericsson Paula I. , Sanchez Violeta , Opalenik Susan R. , Li Huili , Zahnow Cynthia A. , Nickels Michael L. , Liu Fei , Tantawy Mohammed N. , Sanders Melinda E. , Manning H. Charles , Balko Justin M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPotentiating anti-tumor immunity by inducing tumor inflammation and T cell-mediated responses are a promising area of cancer therapy. Immunomodulatory agents that promote these effects function via a wide variety of mechanisms, including upregulation of antigen presentation pathways. Here, we show that major histocompatibility class-I (MHC-I) genes are methylated in human breast cancers, suppressing their expression. Treatment of breast cancer cell lines with a next-generation hypomethylating agent, guadecitabine, upregulates MHC-I expression in response to interferon-γ. In murine tumor models of breast cancer, guadecitabine upregulates MHC-I in tumor cells promoting recruitment of CD8+ T cells to the microenvironment. Finally, we show that MHC-I genes are upregulated in breast cancer patients treated with hypomethylating agents. Thus, the immunomodulatory effects of hypomethylating agents likely involve upregulation of class-I antigen presentation to potentiate CD8+ T cell responses. These strategies may be useful to potentiate anti-tumor immunity and responses to checkpoint inhibition in immune-refractory breast cancers.
Advantages of meta-total RNA sequencing (MeTRS) over shotgun metagenomics and amplicon-based sequencing in the profiling of complex microbial communities
Authors: Cottier Fabien , Srinivasan Kandhadayar Gopalan , Yurieva Marina , Liao Webber , Poidinger Michael , Zolezzi Francesca , Pavelka Norman 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSequencing-based microbiome profiling aims at detecting and quantifying individual members of a microbial community in a culture-independent manner. While amplicon-based sequencing (ABS) of bacterial or fungal ribosomal DNA is the most widely used technology due to its low cost, it suffers from PCR amplification biases that hinder accurate representation of microbial population structures. Shotgun metagenomics (SMG) conversely allows unbiased microbiome profiling but requires high sequencing depth. Here we report the development of a meta-total RNA sequencing (MeTRS) method based on shotgun sequencing of total RNA and benchmark it on a human stool sample spiked in with known abundances of bacterial and fungal cells. MeTRS displayed the highest overall sensitivity and linearity for both bacteria and fungi, the greatest reproducibility compared to SMG and ABS, while requiring a ~20-fold lower sequencing depth than SMG. We therefore present MeTRS as a valuable alternative to existing technologies for large-scale profiling of complex microbiomes.
Volatile molecules from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid can ‘rule-in’ Pseudomonas aeruginosa and ‘rule-out’ Staphylococcus aureus infections in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Nasir Mavra , Bean Heather D. , Smolinska Agnieszka , Rees Christiaan A. , Zemanick Edith T. , Hill Jane E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRespiratory infections caused byPseudomonas aeruginosaandStaphylococcus aureusare the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The authors aimed to identify volatile biomarkers from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples that can guide breath biomarker development for pathogen identification. BAL samples (n = 154) from CF patients were analyzed using two-dimensional gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Random Forest was used to select suites of volatiles for identifyingP. aeruginosa-positive andS. aureus-positive samples using multiple infection scenarios and validated using test sets. Using nine volatile molecules, we differentiatedP. aeruginosa-positive (n = 7) fromP. aeruginosa-negative (n = 53) samples with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.86 (95% CI 0.71–1.00) and with positive and negative predictive values of 0.67 (95% CI 0.38–0.75) and 0.92 (95% CI 0.88–1.00), respectively. We were also able to discriminateS. aureus-positive (n = 15) fromS. aureus-negative (n = 45) samples with an AUROC of 0.88 (95% CI 0.79-1.00) using eight volatiles and with positive and negative predictive values of 0.86 (95% CI 0.61–0.96) and 0.70 (95% CI 0.61–0.75), respectively. Prospective validation of identified biomarkers as screening tools in patient breath may lead to clinical application.
Dinuclear PhosphoiminoBINOL-Pd Container for Malononitrile: Catalytic Asymmetric Double Mannich Reaction for Chiral 1,3-Diamine Synthesis
Authors: Arai Takayoshi , Sato Katsuya , Nakamura Ayu , Makino Hiroki , Masu Hyuma 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA phosphoiminoBINOL ligand was designed to form a dinuclear metal complex that could hold a malononitrile molecule. The dinuclear bis(phosphoimino)binaphthoxy-Pd2(OAc)2 complex catalyzed a double Mannich reaction of N-Boc-imines with malononitrile to give chiral 1,3-diamines with high enantioselectivity. The rational asymmetric catalyst, which smoothly introduces the first coupling product to the second coupling reaction while avoiding the reverse reaction, facilitates the over-reaction into a productive reaction process.
Cilia-related protein SPEF2 regulates osteoblast differentiation
Authors: Lehti Mari S. , Henriksson Henna , Rummukainen Petri , Wang Fan , Uusitalo-Kylmälä Liina , Kiviranta Riku , Heino Terhi J. , Kotaja Noora , Sironen Anu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSperm flagellar protein 2 (SPEF2) is essential for motile cilia, and lack of SPEF2 function causes male infertility and primary ciliary dyskinesia. Cilia are pointing out from the cell surface and are involved in signal transduction from extracellular matrix, fluid flow and motility. It has been shown that cilia and cilia-related genes play essential role in commitment and differentiation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts during bone formation. Here we show that SPEF2 is expressed in bone and cartilage. The analysis of a Spef2 knockout (KO) mouse model revealed hydrocephalus, growth retardation and death prior to five weeks of age. To further elucidate the causes of growth retardation we analyzed the bone structure and possible effects of SPEF2 depletion on bone formation. In Spef2 KO mice, long bones (tibia and femur) were shorter compared to wild type, and X-ray analysis revealed reduced bone mineral content. Furthermore, we showed that the in vitro differentiation of osteoblasts isolated from Spef2 KO animals was compromised. In conclusion, this study reveals a novel function for SPEF2 in bone formation through regulation of osteoblast differentiation and bone growth.
Decoding the dynamic representation of musical pitch from human brain activity
Authors: Sankaran N. , Thompson W. F. , Carlile S. , Carlson T. A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn music, the perception of pitch is governed largely by its tonal function given the preceding harmonic structure of the music. While behavioral research has advanced our understanding of the perceptual representation of musical pitch, relatively little is known about its representational structure in the brain. Using Magnetoencephalography (MEG), we recorded evoked neural responses to different tones presented within a tonal context. Multivariate Pattern Analysis (MVPA) was applied to “decode” the stimulus that listeners heard based on the underlying neural activity. We then characterized the structure of the brain’s representation using decoding accuracy as a proxy for representational distance, and compared this structure to several well established perceptual and acoustic models. The observed neural representation was best accounted for by a model based on the Standard Tonal Hierarchy, whereby differences in the neural encoding of musical pitches correspond to their differences in perceived stability. By confirming that perceptual differences honor those in the underlying neuronal population coding, our results provide a crucial link in understanding the cognitive foundations of musical pitch across psychological and neural domains.
CLOCKΔ19 mutation modifies the manner of synchrony among oscillation neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus
Authors: Sujino Mitsugu , Asakawa Takeshi , Nagano Mamoru , Koinuma Satoshi , Masumoto Koh-Hei , Shigeyoshi Yasufumi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn mammals, the principal circadian oscillator exists in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). In the SCN, CLOCK works as an essential component of molecular circadian oscillation, andClockΔ19 mutant mice show unique characteristics of circadian rhythms such as extended free running periods, amplitude attenuation, and high-magnitude phase-resetting responses. Here we investigated what modifications occur in the spatiotemporal organization of clock gene expression in the SCN ofClockΔ19 mutants. The cultured SCN, sampled from neonatal homozygousClockΔ19 mice on an ICR strain comprising PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE, demonstrated that theClockgene mutation not only extends the circadian period, but also affects the spatial phase and period distribution of circadian oscillations in the SCN. In addition, disruption of the synchronization among neurons markedly attenuated the amplitude of the circadian rhythm of individual oscillating neurons in the mutant SCN. Further, with numerical simulations based on the present studies, the findings suggested that, in the SCN of theClockΔ19 mutant mice, stable oscillation was preserved by the interaction among oscillating neurons, and that the orderly phase and period distribution that makes a phase wave are dependent on the functionality of CLOCK.