bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Furadan and Payload for Rice Water Weevil Control, 1993
Authors: Muegge M. A. , Barbour J. D. , Trahan G. B. , Bollich P. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Furadan and Payload were evaluated for control of rice water weevil at the Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA. Plots, 1.22 × 7.5 m, were individually leveed and arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates and 4 treatments. Fertilizer was incorporated pre-plant and applied broadcast 3 wk post-flood at 50.6 kg (13-13-13) and 101.2 kg (21-0-0) N-P-K/ha respectively. Plots were drill seeded (17.5 cm row spacing) to Crowley silt loam with ‘Cyprus’ rice at 112.5 kg seed/ha on 12 May, flush irrigated 14 and 21 May, and permanently flooded 28 May. Propanil was applied at 3.34 kg/ha on 26 May using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 141.9 liters/ha at 1.8 kg/cm2 for weed control. Benomyl was aerially applied at 0.56 kg/ha on 28 Jun to control rice blast. Furadan 3G was applied 15 d post-flood using a hand-held shaker. Payload 15G was applied 15 d post-flood and at 2.95 kg/ha 15 and 29 d post-flood. Two randomly selected soil samples per plot were taken every 7 d starting 9 Jun and ending 21 Jul using a 10.2 × 10.2 cm core sampler. Individual samples were washed through a funnel, fitted with wire screen, into a 35 mesh screen sieve. Collected RWW larvae and pupae were floated in a saturated NaCl solution, counted and corrected for the number of rice plants per core. Effects of pesticide treatment on numbers of immature RWW were determined by ANOVA using orthogonal contrasts to separate the following mean comparisons: 1) Untreated vs Treated; 2) Furadan 3G vs Payload 15G applied once at 5.9 kg/ha and Payload applied twice a 2.95 kg/ha/application date; (3) Payload 15G applied once at 5.9 kg/ha vs Payload applied twice at 2.95 kg/ha/application. Because no significant differences in larva numbers were found among the Payload treatments, these were pooled and the following contrasts made: 1) Untreated vs Treated; 2) Furadan 3G vs Payload 15G. Analysis was performed using larval counts corrected and uncorrected for the number of plants per core, since these analyses produced similar results, only uncorrected means are presented in the table. All analyses were conducted at the 0.05 probability level.
Geocorid and Nabid Response to Insecticides on Soybean in Louisiana, 1993
Authors: Boyd M. L. , Wier A. T. , Thomas J. D. , Lingren S. , Boethel D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The response of geocorids and nabids to selected insecticides used for control of soybean loopers and velvetbean caterpillars on soybeans was examined in a small plot insecticide trial at the St. Gabriel Research Station in Iberville Parish, LA. Treatments were applied to ‘Buckshot 723’ soybean in the R5 growth stage using a tractor and compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters/ha at 2.66 kg/cm2 through 8002 flat fan nozzles. Plots were 5 rows wide (0.91 m row spacing) by 15.2 m and were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. The test was applied 9 Sep. At 1 d pretreatment (DPT) and 2 and 7 DAT, 1 beat-net sample (30 beats per sample) was taken from each plot with a standard 38.2 cm diam sweep net. No rainfall occurred during the test period.
Selected Biological Insecticides for Corn Earworm Control in Soybean in Virginia, 1993
Authors: Herbert, Jr. D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of selected biological insecticides was evaluated against CEW in soybean. All treatments were applied on 12 Aug, and all treatments, except Larvin 3.2 were applied again on 17 Aug. Treatments were applied as sprays with water using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 14.5 gal formulation per acre at 50 psi through three D2-13 disc-core hollow cone spray nozzles per row, 1 over the top of the row and 1 on each side. A RCBD was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows × 40 ft. Treatments were evaluated 3 h before and 4, 8, 11 and 14 DAT from 12 Aug by comparing numbers of small (1st and 2nd instars), medium (3rd and 4th instars), large (5th and 6th instars) and total larvae per 3 row ft using a standard beat cloth sampling technique. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures. A cumulative index was calculated for each treatment using ∑(Xi+1 - Xi)(Yi + Yi+1)/2], where Xi and Xi+1 are adjacent sample dates and Yi and Yi+1 are corresponding points of total larval number.
Soybean Looper Control in the Macon Ridge Region of Louisiana with Selected Bt Insecticides, 1993
Authors: White C. A. , Leonard B. R. , Boethel D. J. , Thomas J. D. , Wier A. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of selected Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticides were evaluated for soybean looper control in 2 tests at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro on a Gigger-Gilbert silt loam. Plots were 5 rows (1.02 m centers) by 9.0 m of soybean planted 8 Jun. The test consisted of a RCBD with 4 replications. In Test 1, treatments were applied with a tractor mounted boom equipped with a compressed air system calibrated to deliver 93.5 liters/ha at 2.25 kg/cm2 through two TX-8 hollow cone nozzles equally spaced per row. In Test 2, treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system calibrated to deliver 107.5 liters/ha at 2.8 kg/cm2 through two TX-8 hollow cone nozzles equally spaced per row. Insecticides were applied on 20 and 23 Aug in Test 1 and Test 2, respectively. Treatments were evaluated at 2-3 DAT and 7 DAT using 2 samples of 20 sweeps with a standard 38.2 cm diam sweep net. The plots received 0.76 cm of rainfall on 21 Aug.
Control of Soybean Looper on Soybean with Bacillus Thuringiensis, 1993
Authors: Young S. Y. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Commercial B. thuringiensis products were evaluated against a SL population on soybean in Lafayette Co., AR. Treatments were applied on 3 Sep with a backpack CO2 sprayer equipped with a 2-row boom (1 nozzle per row) using TX-6 nozzles at 3.0 mph and calibrated to deliver 96 liters per ha. Water used for mixing insecticides had a pH of 7.0. A RCBD was used with 4 replicates. Soybean were in the R-2 developmental stage and approximately 0.8 m in height. Plots were 4 rows with a 0.50-m spacing and 30-m in length separated by four-row buffers. Treatments were evaluated at 4 and 7 DAT by shaking larvae from plants onto a 0.9-m length cloth spread between the rows. A 3.8-m sample was taken from 2 rows, and larvae on the cloth were counted. The population contained larvae of all instars. The mean maximum and minimum temperatures during the 7 d test were 88.0°F and 64.7°F, respectively, and no rainfall occurred. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Pear, Prebloom Evaluations of Experimental Insecticides, 1993
Authors: Hilton Richard , VanBuskirk Philip , Westigard Peter 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Mature pear trees were sprayed with airblast equipment set to deliver 200 gpa. Treatments were made to 3, 0.3-0.5 acre replicates of mixed pear cultivars. Asana XL and Danitol (two formulations), were applied at delayed dormant timing (13 Mar) in combination with Orchex 796 spray oil. Three treatments of fenoxycarb were made; delayed dormant, pink (5 Apr) and both delayed dormant and pink. Adult PP densities were evaluated biweekly by counting individuals falling onto a catching frame following tapping of 5 limbs/replicate/date. Depending on bud development PP immatures were recorded from fruit spurs (10/replicate), fruit clusters (5/replicate) or from fruit cluster leaves (30/replicate).
Control of Hornworms in Georgia Flue-Cured Tobacco, 1993
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Lambert Amy L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Flue-cured tobacco was transplanted on 29 Mar at the Coastal Plain Experiment Station in Tifton, GA. Production practices were used according to Georgia Cooperative Extension Service guidelines. A preplant incorporated tank mix of the following was applied: Tillam and Devrinol for weed control, Ridomil for blue mold control, Nemacur for nematode suppression, and Lorsban for wireworm and mole cricket control. Fertilizer (6-6-18) was applied in a split application at a rate of 1000 lb/acre. Plots 4 rows wide (44 inch row spacing) × 20 ft long were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. On 9 Jul all plants in each plot were cut down to a 12 inch mainstalk and all leaves were removed. All cut plants were then allowed to regrow with 2-3 main shoots. On 23 Jul, 5 insecticide treatments (plus an untreated control) were applied to the center 2 rows of selected plots using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with three TX-12 nozzles directed over a single row, delivering 30.3 gpa at 40 psi. The number of live hornworms was recorded per 10 plants on row 2 of each plot prior to the application, and 5, 10, and 14 DAT. All data were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Early Season Control of Pear Psylla, 1993
Authors: Hilton Richard , VanBuskirk Philip , Westigard Peter 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were applied to 30 year old “Bartlett” pear trees located at the Hanley Farm of Oregon State University’s Southern Oregon Experiment Station near Medford, OR. Plots consisted of 3, 6-tree replicates arranged in a random block design and sprayed to runoff with a Bean handgun sprayer at 250 psi. The spray timings utilized were delayed dormant (11-12 Mar) and pink bud (25-26 Mar) or pink bud and petal fall (26 Apr). NTN-33893 was applied only at the delayed dormant period. PP adult densities were estimated by counting individuals falling onto a cloth covered beating tray after tapping 3 limbs per replicate per treatment. Immature PP were estimated by counting nymphs on 15 fruit spurs (swollen bud) per replicate, 15 fruit clusters (open bud) per replicate or by brushing 15 fruit cluster leaves (small fruit stage) per replicate. Numbers and kinds of PP predators were also recorded from the beating tray samples.
Cereal Leaf Beetle Screening, 1993
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Wheat was planted on 18 Nov at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, VA. Each treatment consisted of a 12 row plot 35 ft long, replicated 5 times in a RCBD. Cereal leaf beetle adults appeared in the plots on 2 Apr. Foliar sprays to control CLB larvae were applied on 21 May, using a 4 nozzle (8002 flat fans) boom delivering 20 gal gpa at 40 psi. Counts of all CLB larvae present on 5 flag leaves/site were taken on 24 May at 10 random sites/plot.
Aphid Control in Headed Spring Wheat, Crookston, Mn, 1993
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Holder Bobby 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was established in a commercial field of Vance wheat. Plots were 25 ft × 25 ft in size and treatments arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Materials were applied in approximately 5 gpa total material using a hand held CO2 sprayer at 40 psi pressure. The stage of the wheat on the day (16 Jul) of application was mid to late milk (Feeks 11.1). Twenty-five heads/plot were collected at 6 DAT, preserved in alcohol, and aphids counted from individual heads later. A 5 ft × 25 ft strip was combined from the best appearing section of each plot.
Prophylactic Vs Monitored Decision Making for Aphid Control, Morris, Mn 1993
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Warnes Dennis 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was established in a bulk wheat field planted on 23 Apr. Plot size was 25 ft × 50 ft with a 5 ft alley on all sides of the plot. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD, replicated 4 times and applied in 20 gpa at 40 psi. Tilt and Penncap M were applied separately but within a few minutes of each other. Three treatments were to be made at action levels of 35%, 70% and 90% of infested stems. Aphid populations did not reach the level of 3 per stem so these treatments received no insecticide (ie checks). Yields were taken from a 5 ft × 50 ft strip through the best section of the plot.
Black Cutworm Control on Creeping Bentgrass at the Valentine Turfgrass Research Center, University Park, Pa, 1993
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatment plots were 10 × 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on an 8 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and delivering 1.146 gal/1,000 ft2 (347 ml/80 ft2). At treatment time one (16 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed; air temperature, 69°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 72°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 62%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inches; soil type, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 72.0% sand, 20.0% silt, 8.0% clay; soil moisture (oven baked), 14.2%; organic matter, 2.8%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.4; and clear skies. At treatment time two (19 Jul), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 74°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 70°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 69°F; RH, 75%; soil type, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 72.0% sand, 20.0% silt, 8.0% clay; soil was moist; and skies were overcast with a slight mist recorded. The area was irrigated with 0.08 inches of water 6.5 h after treatment time one (16 Jul). Immediately after treatment time two (19 Jul), 0.2 inch of rainfall was recorded. The total number of fresh active cutworm feeding holes observed on the surface of each replicate (80 ft2) were recorded on 20 Jul (4 DAT), 22 Jul (6 DAT), and 23 Jul (7 DAT).
Mole Cricket Control on Golf Course Fairways in North Carolina, 1993
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Herd P. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Three granular insecticides were evaluated for the control of mole crickets on the bermudagrass fairway of the 10th hole at Fox Squirrel Golf and Country Club in Brunswick County. The test area was showing damage from a moderate infestation prior to treatment. Plots 16 ft × 75 ft were established and treatments were randomly assigned with four replicates. Surface broadcast treatments were applied using a standard push-type Lesco fertilizer spreader to deliver a weighed portion of chemical to the broadcast plots. All other treatments were applied using a tractor drawn Gandy® slit-seeder modified for granular formulation application and operating at 1.9 mph. Subsurface treatments were applied on 18 Aug and surface treatments were applied the following day. Soil was moist from rain the night of the 17th. Air temperature was 88°F and soil temperature was 84°F. Soil type was mineral with 0.9% humic matter and a pH of 6.1. The test area was irrigated with 0.5 inch of water after the chemicals were applied. Plots were evaluated for fresh damage on 1 Sep (14 DAT) and 15 Sep (21 DAT). Damage evaluations were conducted by using the damage grid method as developed by Dr. Pat Cobb, Auburn University. Five random damage ratings (0—9) were taken from each replicate and an average rating for the plot was determined. All data were transformed Vx + 0.5 prior to analysis.
Evaluation of Experimental Formulations for Mole Cricket Control on Golf Course Fairways in North Carolina, 1993
Authors: Brandenburg Rick L. , Hertl P. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of two granular formulations of fipronil (EXP60818A and EXP60819A) applied at various rates for the control of mole cricket nymphs. Large (90 ft × 90 ft) plots were established on three infested fairways (#1, #3, #12) at the Fox Squirrel Golf and Country Club in Brunswick County. Treatments with three replicates were randomly assigned to the plots with one untreated area on each fairway and the plots were irrigated with 0.25 inch of water prior to chemical application. Weighed portions of each granular formulation were broadcast over the plots using a push type Lesco fertilizer spreader. All plots were treated late in the day of 26 Jul. Air temperature was 78°F and soil temperature was 89°F. After treatment, the plots were irrigated with 0.5 inch of fairway irrigation to water the chemicals into the sandy soil. Plots were evaluated by quantifying the fresh damage present using the grid method, as developed by Dr. Pat Cobb at Auburn University. A grid divided into nine equal sections was randomly placed in each plot and examined for the occurrence of fresh mole cricket damage. A rating of 0 thru 9 is given for each frame, depending on the number of sections in which fresh damage was observed. Ten damage grids were used to evaluate each plot on four dates: 12 and 25 Aug, 15, and 29 Sep. Plots were also evaluated on 14 Oct and 18 Nov using the grid method; however, on these dates two separate sets of five damage grid ratings were made in each plot. In order to obtain an estimate of reinfestation, one set of samples were taken from the center of each plot and the other from an area ca. 5 ft from the outside edge of the plot. All data were transformed Vx + 0.5 prior to analysis.
Long Term Evaluation of Merit for Control of White Grubs on Golf Course Fairways in West Virginia, 1993
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two trials were conducted. Trial 1 (Clarksburg C.C.) was installed 22 Apr. Environmental conditions were: air temperature, 16°C; RH, 45%; partly sunny (wind 5 mph); soil temperature, 18°C (1 inch), 13°C (2 inch), 20°C (surface); pH, 4.77; organic matter, 8.13%; soil type, silt loam; thatch layer, V* to 3/s inch (compressed). Total precipitation during trial period, 9.75 inches (fairway was irrigated with about 1 inch/wk when no rain occurred). Population counts at treatment time were Japanese beetle (100%) 19.3 grubs/ft2. At evaluation: Japanese beetle (94.1%), black turfgrass ataenius (5.9%). Trial 2 (Deerfield C.C.) was installed 23 Apr. Environmental conditions were: air temperature, 16°C; RH, 45%; clear (wind about 2 mph); soil temperature, 18°C (1 inch), 13°C (2 inch); 20°C (surface); pH, 4.55; organic matter, 10.10%; soil type, silt loam; thatch layer lA inch (compressed). Total precipitation during trial period, 7.50 inches (irrigated only occasionally, low budget course). Population counts at treatment time were Japanese beetle (100%) 10.1 grubs/ft2. At evaluation: Japanese beetle (96.1%), northern masked chafer (3.9%). For both trials: Granules were applied with a hand held glass jar shaker. Wettable powder applied in 2 liters of water/plot with a sprinkler can. Plots were irrigated with 2 liters of water about 10-15 min after treatments were applied. Treatments were replicated 6 times in an RCB design. Plot size was 8 × 8 ft. Plots were sampled with a cup changer (4.25 inch diam) to a depth of 2 to 3 inches (4 samples per plot).
Control of Buffalograss Chinch Bugs with Beauvarja Bassiana and Entomopathogenic Nematodes, 1993
Authors: Baxendale F. P. , Weinhold A. P. , Riordan T. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted on a buffalograss lawn in Lincoln, NE. The turf was maintained at a mowing height of 3.5 inches and thatch accumulation in the plot area was 0.25 inches. Field conditions at the time of application were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3-5%; soil pH, 6-7; water pH, 7.0; soil moisture, near field capacity. Plots were 4 × 4 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 3 replications’. Insecticide treatments were applied 2 Sep. Prior to application, the plot area was mowed to 1.5 inches. Treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer using a LF-4 tip at 24 psi and delivering 5 gal finished spray/1000 ft2. Immediately following application, plots were syringed with 0.25 inches water. A total of 0.29 and 0.68 inches of rain fell respectively, during the 7 and 14 day post-treatment periods. Product efficacy was evaluated 9 and 16 Sep (7 and 14 DAT) by removing from each plot three turf-soil cores to a depth of 1 inch with a 4.25-inch diam cup cutter (0.3 ft2 total area per plot). Cores were returned to the laboratory and placed in Berlese funnels. Extracted chinch bugs were counted after 48 hr.
Evaluation of Granular Insecticides Against Aphids on Chrysanthemum, 1993
Authors: Hara A. H. , Hata T. Y. , Kaneko R. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Phytotoxicity and efficacy trials were conducted from 29 Sep through 6 Nov 1993 on potted chrysanthemums at a commercial chrysanthemum farm in Hilo, HI. Cuttings (2.5 inch) were planted in 6 inch plastic pots containing a 3: 1:1 mixture of peat, vermiculite and perlite and maintained by standard commercial growing practices. Treatments consisted of 4 replicates (1 pot per replicate, 3 plants per pot) arranged randomly on a bench in a fiberglass greenhouse. Insecticide granules were applied once 21 days after planting and immediately watered after treatment. Phytotoxicity was evaluated at: NTN 2.5G, 0.03 g (AI)/pot, 0.06 g (AI)/pot, 0.12 g (AI)/pot, Temik 10G, 0.045 g (AI)/pot. Both efficacy and phytotoxicity trials included an untreated control. For evaluation of efficacy, data on the number of aphids per terminal (bud and first three leaves) were taken weekly beginning 14 Oct through 6 Nov. Plants were observed for phytotoxicity weekly.
Control of Japanese Beetle and Masked Chafer Grubs in Turfgrass Using Pre-Seeding Application of Bifentrin, 1993
Authors: Potter D. A. , Spicer P. G. , Powell A. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if soil application of bifentrin (Talstar T&0 0.2G) at the time of turfgrass establishment would provide residual protection against root-feeding white grubs during the following year. The test was conducted in a newly-seeded stand of tall fescue at Elkhorn Springs Sod Farm, near Frankfort, KY. The soil was a Maury silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Typic Paleudalf). Soil texture was 23% clay, 74% silt, and 3% sand, with 8.8% organic matter and pH = 6.4. There was no thatch. Plots (9 × 15 ft, with 9 ft untreated boundaries) were established in a RCB with six replications. Treatments were applied to bare soil with a Gandy spreader on 11 Sep 1992. The soil was then cultimulched and seeded the following day. The grub population was assessed on 14 Sep 1993 by cutting a strip (48 × 18 inches, 2.5 inches deep) from the center of each plot using a motorized sod cutter. The sod strips were broken apart and examined for grubs, which were collected, identified, and counted. Data were analyzed by ANOVA followed by Fisher’s protected LSD test to separate treatment means.
Control of the Silverleaf Whitefly (SW) on Poinsettia Using Soil Treatments, Winter 1992
Authors: Redak R. A. , Bethke J. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Poinsettias obtained as rooted cuttings were potted in 15 cm diam. pots. Plants were allowed 4 wk growth (25-30 cm tall) before use in trials. An arbitrary leaf was selected and a 2.5 cm diam circle drawn on the leaf. On day 0, a pre-treatment count of immature whitefly nymphs within the circle was taken. Plants then were assigned to treatments to approximate an equal no. of immatures/replicate prior to treatments. Three plants/treatment were arranged in a RCB design on a greenhouse bench in constant exposure to sweetpotato whitefly. Four rates of two form, of NTN 33893 (2.5G and 240F) were applied by hand to each pot and drenched with water. Post-treatment counts of eggs, nymphs, redeye pupae, and empty pupal cases were made at 14 DAT, 28 DAT, 49 DAT (7 wk) & 91 DAT (13 wk).
Control of Eriophyid Mites on Baldcypress with Sunspray Ultrafine Spray Oil, 1993
Authors: Horner T. A. , Steward V. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Baldcypress, 75 to 100 ft tall, located on the property of Longwood Gardens, Kennett Square, PA, were used to evaluate the effectiveness of Sunspray Ultrafine Spray Oil on eriophyid mites. On 28 Jul, the trees were treated with a 1.5% solution of oil using an SDI sprayer operating at 700 psi with a #50 hollow cone spray nozzle tip. Treatment was performed at 5:00 am under clear skies, 27°C, 55% RH, and &lt;5 mph winds. The treatment was evaluated by randomly sampling 5 branches from 4 sprayed and 4 unsprayed trees. From each branch, one leaf, 3A to 1 inch in width and cut to a length of 2 inches, was examined with a dissecting microscope. The number of live mites per leaf section was counted. Treatment effectiveness was evaluated 1 and 23 DAT.