bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Follicular regulatory T cells repress cytokine production by follicular helper T cells and optimize IgG responses in mice
Authors: Wu Hao , Chen Yuxin , Liu Hong , Xu Lin‐Lin , Teuscher Paula , Wang Shixia , Lu Shan , Dent Alexander L. 
Published: February 2016

Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells provide crucial help to germinal center B (GCB) cells for proper antibody production, and a specialized subset of regulatory T cells, follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells, modulate this process. However, Tfr‐cell function in the GC is not well understood. Here, we define Tfr cells as a CD4+ Foxp3+ CXCR5hi PD‐1hi CD25low TIGIThigh T‐cell population. Furthermore, we have used a novel mouse model (“Bcl6FC”) to delete the Bcl6 gene in Foxp3+ T cells and thus specifically deplete Tfr cells. Following immunization, Bcl6FC mice develop normal Tfh‐ and GCB‐cell populations. However, Bcl6FC mice produce altered antigen‐specific antibody responses, with reduced titers of IgG and significantly increased IgA. Bcl6FC mice also developed IgG antibodies with significantly decreased avidity to antigen in an HIV‐1 gp120 “prime‐boost” vaccine model. In an autoimmune lupus model, we observed strongly elevated anti‐DNA IgA titers in Bcl6FC mice. Additionally, Tfh cells from Bcl6FC mice consistently produce higher levels of Interferon‐γ, IL‐10 and IL‐21. Loss of Tfr cells therefore leads to highly abnormal Tfh‐cell and GCB‐cell responses. Overall, our study has uncovered unique regulatory roles for Tfr cells in the GC response.
Multicomponent and Multicatalytic Reactions – A Synthetic Strategy Inspired by Nature
Authors: Galván Alicia , Fañanás Francisco J. , Rodríguez Félix 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe dream of chemists to imitate the efficiency of Nature for the construction of complex molecules from simple starting materials has driven the development of new concepts in the area of catalysis. In this context, “Multicomponent and Multicatalytic Reactions” have emerged as a highly valuable synthetic tool. These reactions try to mimic the way the enzymatic machinery transforms a series of starting materials into intricate structures. This microreview shows some relevant multicomponent and multicatalytic reactions with the intention of demonstrating the incredible potential of this type of processes. The content is organized according to the type of multicatalytic system used (metal/metal, metal/organic, or organic/organic).
Synthesis and Structure of Vanadium Halide Complexes Containing Diphosphine Ligands with Pendant Amines
Authors: Egbert Jonathan D. , Labios Liezel A. , Darmon Jonathan M. , Piro Nicholas A. , Scott Kassel W. , Mock Michael T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA series of vanadium(III) diiodide complexes of the formula CpV(PRNR′PR)I2 [Cp = η5‐C5H5; PRNR′PR = (R2PCH2)2N(R′); R = Et, R′ = Me (1a); R = Et, R′ = Ph (1b); R = Ph, R′ = Me (1c)] is reported. The corresponding vanadium(II) monoiodide complexes of the formula CpV(PRNR′PR)I [R = Et, R′ = Me (2a); R = Et, R′ = Ph (2b); R = Ph, R′ = Me (2c)] were prepared in THF by reduction of 1a–c with Zn powder. We report the preparation of the vanadium(II) complexes CpV(PPh2NPh2)I (3) (PPh2NPh2 = 1,3,5,7‐tetraphenyl‐1,5‐diaza‐3,7‐diphosphacyclooctane) as well as trans‐[VCl2(PEtNMePEt)2] (4a) and trans‐[VCl2(PEtNPhPEt)2] (4b). These paramagnetic complexes are characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry for 2a, 2b, 3 and 4b. Complexes 1c, 2a–c, 3, and 4b were also characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. These complexes represent initial examples for the coordination chemistry of vanadium with PRNR′PR and PPh2NPh2 diphosphine ligands, which contain a pendant amino groups in the second coordination sphere.
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (R)‐ and (S)‐Naphthotectone, and Stereochemical Assignment of the Natural Product
Authors: Guerrero‐Vásquez Guillermo A. , Galarza Flávia A. D. , Molinillo José M. G. , Andrade Carlos Kleber Z. , Macías Francisco A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBoth isomers of naphthotectone, an isoprenoid quinone from Verbenaceae Tectona grandis possessing interesting biological activities, were enantioselectively obtained by two different synthetic routes in which the carbon side‐chain of the naphthoquinone core was introduced using either a Sonogashira or a Heck coupling reaction. In both cases, the naphthoquinone core of the final products was obtained by a late‐stage anodic treatment. (R)‐Naphthotectone was obtained in six steps from leuconaphthazarin with an overall yield of 38 % and an enantiomeric excess of 86 %. This compound was found to have the same absolute configuration as the natural product at its C‐3′ stereogenic center. (S)‐Naphthotectone was obtained in five steps from leuconaphthazarin with an overall yield of 36 % and an enantiomeric excess of 80 %.
Stereoselective Enzymatic Reduction of Ethyl Secodione: Preparation of a Key Intermediate for the Total Synthesis of Steroids
Authors: Contente Martina Letizia , Molinari Francesco , Serra Immacolata , Pinto Andrea , Romano Diego 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEthyl secodione (1) has been enantioselectively reduced by using different biocatalysts for the preparation of ethyl secol (13R, 17S)‐2a. The recombinant ketoreductase KRED1‐Pglu converted the substrate with the highest reaction rate and stereoselectivity (ee > 98 %), whereas whole cells of Pichia minuta CBS 1708 showed the highest productivity. Stereoselective reduction of 1 provides the key chiral precursor for the synthesis of a number of hormonal contraceptives (i.e., desogestrel, norgestrel, gestodene).
Protecting Group Dependence of Stereochemical Outcome of Glycosylation of 2‐O‐(Thiophen‐2‐yl)methyl Ether Protected Glycosyl Donors
Authors: Watson Andrew J. A. , Alexander Stewart R. , Cox Daniel J. , Fairbanks Antony J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA series of glycosyl donors possessing a (thiophen‐2‐yl)methyl ether protecting group at position 2 were synthesised and the effect of the protecting group pattern of other hydroxyls on the stereochemical outcome of glycosylation was investigated. Studies revealed optimal α‐selectivity for glycosylation using a fully armed tri‐benzylated donor, whilst other protecting group patterns were significantly less effective. Low‐temperature NMR studies of both fully armed and fully disarmed donors revealed the intermediacy of cyclised sulfonium ion intermediates. Reaction conditions were developed which allowed removal of the (thiophen‐2‐yl)methyl ether protecting group either selectively, or together with benzyl ethers.
Fabrication of High‐aspect Ratio (HAR) Palladium Nanorod‐modified Electrodes for Raman Spectroelectrochemical Studies of Thiolate Desorption from HAR Nanomaterials
Authors: Pomfret Michael B. , Pietron Jeremy J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe describe a method to fabricate electrodes modified with high‐aspect ratio (HAR) palladium (Pd) nanorods derived from the electrochemical reduction of Pd salts in polycarbonate track‐etched membranes. The HAR Pd nanorod‐modified electrode platform enables direct spectroscopic observation of electrochemical processes particular to HAR forms of nano‐Pd using Raman spectroelectrochemistry. In the present study, we use this platform to observe an anomalous mechanism of oxidative electrochemical desorption of the probe molecule benzenethiol (BT) from the HAR Pd surface. At HAR Pd, the Pd−S bond between the Pd nanorods and BT severs upon oxidation of the Pd surface, whereas on the surface of spherical nano‐Pd, the C−S bond in BT is broken, as is more typically observed for sulfur‐containing organic molecules adsorbed to Pd surfaces. Using this probe reaction, we demonstrate the suitability of this HAR nanorod‐modified electrode platform for the investigation of anomalous electrochemical phenomena observed at HAR Pd for reactions that involve adsorbed intermediates in general – including not only adsorbed sulfur – but in principle also for the electrochemical oxidation of alternative fuels such as ethanol and methanol.
Procedures for calibration of linear models for damage limitation in design of masonry‐infilled RC frames
Authors: Ricci Paolo , De Risi Maria Teresa , Verderame Gerardo Mario , Manfredi Gaetano 
Published: February 2016

SummaryRecent earthquakes have confirmed the role played by infills in the seismic response of reinforced concrete buildings. The control and limitation of damage to such nonstructural elements is a key issue in performance‐based earthquake engineering. The present work is focused on modeling and analysis of damage to infill panels, and, in particular, it is aimed towards linear analysis procedures for assessing the damage limitation limit state of infilled reinforced concrete frames.First, code provisions on infill modeling and acceptance criteria at the damage limitation limit state are reviewed. Literature contributions on damage to unreinforced masonry infill panels and corresponding displacement capacity are reported and discussed.Two procedures are then proposed aiming at a twofold goal: (i) the determination of ‘equivalent’ interstory drift ratio limits for a bare frame model and (ii) the estimation of the stiffness of equivalent struts representing infill walls in a linear model. These two quantities are determined such that a linear model ensures a reliable estimation of seismic capacity at the damage limitation limit state, providing the same intensity level as that obtained from nonlinear analyses carried out on structural models with infills.Finally, the proposed procedures are applied to four‐story and eight‐story case study‐infilled frames, designed for seismic loads according to current technical codes. The results of these application examples are presented and discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐directional response of unreinforced masonry walls: experimental and computational investigations
Authors: Dolatshahi Kiarash M. , Aref Amjad J. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis paper describes the results of an experimental and numerical study that focused on multi‐directional behavior of unreinforced masonry walls and established the requisite of the related proposed design equations. The tests were conducted following several sets of multi‐directional loading combinations imposed on the top plane of the wall along with considering monotonic and cyclic quasi‐static loading protocols. Various boundary conditions, representing possible wall–roof connections, were also considered for different walls to investigate the influence of rotation of the top plane of the wall on the failure modes. The results of the tests were recorded with a host of high precision data acquisition systems, showing three‐dimensional displacements of a grid on the surface of the wall. Finite element models of the walls are developed using the commercial software package ABAQUS/Explicit compiled with a FORTRAN subroutine (VUMAT) written by the authors. The experimental results were then used to validate the finite element models and the developed user‐defined material models. With the utility of validated models, a parametric study was performed on a set of parameters with dominant influence on the behavior of the wall system under in‐plane and out‐of‐plane loading combinations. The experimental and numerical results are finally used to investigate the adequacy of ASCE 41 empirical equations, and some insights and recommendations are made. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prednisolone impairs embryonic and posthatching development and shell formation of the freshwater snail, Physa acuta
Authors: Bal Navdeep , Kumar Anu , Du Jun , Nugegoda Dayanthi 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the lethal and sublethal effects of prednisolone exposure on the embryonic and posthatching stage of the freshwater snail, Physa acuta. The egg masses were exposed for 14 d to prednisolone concentrations ranging from 15.6 μg/L to 1000 μg/L. Treatment with prednisolone at 125 μg/L to 1000 μg/L resulted in significant decline in growth, survival, and heart rate, as well as notable abnormalities in embryonic development. Premature embryonic hatching was observed at lower concentrations of 31.25 μg/L and 62.5 μg/L, whereas delayed hatching was seen at concentrations from 125 μg/L to 1000 μg/L. To assess impacts of prednisolone exposure on the hatched juveniles, the drug exposure was extended for another 28 d. Impairment of shell development was noted in juveniles exposed to concentrations from 62.5 μg/L to 1000 μg/L at the end of 42 d, which resulted in thin and fragile shells. The thickness of shells in snails exposed to 1000 μg/L was significantly lower in comparison to those in the 15.6-μg/L and control treatments. In addition, lower calcium concentration in shells of the exposed juvenile snails at treatments of 62.5 μg/L to 1000 μg/L consequently reduced their growth. The present study confirms that continuous exposure to prednisolone can result in deleterious effects on calcium deposition, resulting in shell thinning in the freshwater snail P. acuta. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2339–2348. © 2016 SETAC
On the formulation of environmental fugacity models and their numerical solutions
Authors: Bates Michael L. , Bigot Marie , Cropp Roger A. , Engwirda Darren , Friedman Carey L. , Hawker Darryl W. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Multimedia models based on chemical fugacity, solved numerically, play an important role in investigating and quantifying the environmental fate of chemicals such as persistent organic pollutants. These models have been used extensively in studying the local and global distribution of chemicals in the environment. The present study describes potential sources of error that may arise from the formulation and numerical solution of environmental fugacity models. The authors derive a general fugacity equation for the rate of change of mass in an arbitrary volume (e.g., an environmental phase). Deriving this general equation makes clear several assumptions that are often not articulated but can be important for successfully applying multimedia fugacity models. It shows that the homogeneity of fugacity and fugacity capacity in a volume (the homogeneity assumption) is fundamental to formulating discretized fugacity models. It also shows that when using the fugacity rather than mass as the state-variable, correction terms may be necessary to accommodate environmental factors such as varying phase temperatures and volume. Neglecting these can lead to conservation errors. The authors illustrate the manifestation of these errors using heuristic multimedia fugacity models. The authors also show that there are easily avoided errors that can arise in mass state-variable models if variables are not updated appropriately in the numerical integration scheme. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2182–2191. © 2016 SETAC
Self‐interference suppression for the full‐duplex wireless communication with large‐scale antenna
Authors: Xing Pengbo , Liu Ju , Zhai Chao , Wang Xinhua , Zheng Lina 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we proposed a shared‐antenna full‐duplex framework for the multiuser multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) system with a large‐scale antenna array exploited at the base station to transmit and receive signals simultaneously. It has the merits of both the full‐duplex system and the time‐division duplex massive MIMO system, that is, the high spectral efficiency and the channel reciprocity. We focus on the zero‐forcing and the maximal‐ratio transmission/maximal‐ratio combining linear processing methods, which are commonly used in the massive MIMO system. As the main finding, we prove that the direct‐path and reflected‐path self‐interferences can both be suppressed by the large‐scale antenna array in the entirely dependent channels as well as independent channels. Monte‐Carlo simulations show that the self‐interference decreases below the white noise level if the scale of antenna array is large enough, and our full‐duplex large‐scale antenna system significantly outperforms the half‐duplex system in terms of spectral efficiency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factor‐Augmented Bridge Models (FABM) and Soft Indicators to Forecast Italian Industrial Production
Authors: Girardi Alessandro , Guardabascio Barbara , Ventura Marco 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a new forecasting approach straddling the conventional methods applied to the Italian industrial production index. Specifically, the proposed method treats factor models and bridge models as complementary ingredients feeding a unique model specification. We document that the proposed approach improves upon traditional bridge models by making efficient use of the information conveyed by a large amount of survey data on manufacturing activity. Different factor algorithms are compared and, under the provision that a large estimation window is used, partial least squares outperform principal component‐based alternatives. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality changes in cocoyam flours during storage
Authors: Obadina Adewale , Ashimolowo Hannah , Olotu Ifeoluwa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCocoyam tubers were subjected to two processing methods (fermentation and parboiling) and milled into flour. The samples were stored at 25°C, 35°C, and 45°C and analyzed at 2 weeks interval for 8 weeks for their nutritional, functional, and pasting properties. Data obtained were subjected to multiple analysis of variance. Storage period and its interactive effect with the processing methods had significant (P < 0.05) effects on all the nutritional composition of the flour except for the fat content. Water absorption index, wettability, and bulk density ranged from 1.94–2.72%, 25.30–135.50 sec, and 0.48–0.71 g/cm3, respectively. The entire pasting properties were significantly affected by the storage period while the interaction between storage temperature, processing methods, and storage period affected all the pasting properties except the peak time, peak, and breakdown viscosity. This study showed that processing methods storage periods and storage temperatures produced cocoyam flour with different quality characteristics.
Tectonic units and proto‐basin of the East China Sea Shelf Basin: correlation to Mesozoic subduction of the Palaeo‐Pacific Plate
Authors: Yang C. S. , Li S. Z. , Li G. , Yang C. Q. , Yang Y. Q. , Dai L. M. , Suo Y. H. , Li Q. , Jiang Y. B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe East China Sea Shelf Basin (ECSSB) is a typical Meso‐Cenozoic superimposed basin characterized by different tectonic frameworks, suffering multi‐stage tectonism (e.g. the Indosinian, the Yanshanian and the Himalayan) since the Mesozoic. The Mesozoic ECSSB is a key place to our understanding of the tectonic evolution and dynamic mechanism in eastern South China and the subduction of the Izanagi Plate. Based on geological and geophysical results acquired over the last 10 years, this paper provides a summary of the distribution of Mesozoic strata, ascertains boundaries of the Mesozoic basin and proposes the division of the Mesozoic tectonic units in the ECSSB. The Mesozoic ECSSB was subdivided into the Western Fault Depression (WFD) characterized by dispersed Cretaceous half‐grabens and the East Depression (ED) characterized by depressions at the early stage and grabens at the later stage. The WFD is composed of half‐grabens formed under transtension, and the ED is composed of depression zones on the pre‐Mesozoic basement under regional compression, indicating different dynamic mechanisms from the Cenozoic basins. Formation of the Mesozoic tectonic framework was controlled by the collision, compression and subduction of the Izanagi Plate and the Pacific Plate and also affected by the Indian Plate at a later stage. By comparison, this paper preliminarily proposes that the northern South China Sea and the ED of the ECSSB were originally a unified basin and jointly constituted a huge Mesozoic proto‐basin in the East Asian continental margin. The Mesozoic tectonic unit division is helpful not only to discuss and resolve problems of ocean–continent differences and boundaries in southeastern South China but also to understand the tectonic nature of the East Asian continental margin, the dynamic mechanism of the Mesozoic basins and the transition of continental margin types. It also provides scientific support for petroleum exploration of the Mesozoic strata in the East China Sea. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cervical metastases of oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Wen‐Bo , Peng Xin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCervical treatment of oral maxillary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains controversial. We determined the metastases incidence and evaluated its predictive factors. Systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted of 23 Chinese and English‐language articles retrieved from PubMed, Ovid, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Chinese Scientific and Technological Journal databases. Total cervical metastases and occult metastases rate was 32% and 21%, respectively. Positive lymph node detection was likeliest from levels I to III. The maxillary gingival metastases rate was higher than that of the hard palate. Advanced‐stage tumors had higher metastatic risk than early‐stage tumors. Well‐differentiated tumors had a significantly higher metastases rate than medium and poor‐differentiation tumors. N0 cases had survival benefit compared with N+ cases. Metastases rate of oral maxillary SCC correlates significantly with T classification and pathological stage. T and N classifications impact outcome significantly. Therefore, levels I to III selective neck dissection is recommended for patients with T3/4 cN0 disease. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2335–E2342, 2016
Induction docetaxel and S‐1 followed by concomitant radiotherapy with low‐dose daily cisplatin in locally advanced head and neck carcinoma
Authors: Kim Hye Ryun , Lee Chang Geol , Choi Eun Chang , Kim Joo Hang , Koh Yoon Woo , Cho Byoung Chul 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of induction chemotherapy with docetaxel‐S‐1, and radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent daily cisplatin in locally advanced head and neck carcinoma.MethodFifty patients received 2 cycles of induction chemotherapy with induction chemotherapy with docetaxel and S‐1, followed by 7 cycles of RT with concurrent daily cisplatin.ResultsThe most frequent grade 3 to 4 hematologic toxicity was neutropenia (14%). Forty of 50 patients who completed induction chemotherapy with docetaxel and S‐1 subsequently started RT with concurrent daily cisplatin, all within 3 to 4 weeks after the start of the second cycle of induction chemotherapy with docetaxel and S‐1. The best response to induction chemotherapy with docetaxel and S‐1 and after completion of RT with concurrent daily cisplatin was partial response (PR) in 52.5% and complete response in 47.5%, respectively. With a median follow‐up of 61 months, 5‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 63.3% and 65.7%, respectively.ConclusionAdministration of induction chemotherapy with docetaxel and S‐1 before RT with concurrent daily cisplatin chemoradiotherapy (CRT) resulted in a high response rate with good tolerability, and did not compromise subsequent CRT. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1653–E1659, 2016