bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HIF-2α in Resting Macrophages Tempers Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species To Selectively Repress MARCO-Dependent Phagocytosis
Authors: Dehn Shirley , DeBerge Matthew , Yeap Xin-Yi , Yvan-Charvet Laurent , Fang Deyu , Eltzschig Holger K. , Miller Stephen D. , Thorp Edward B. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-α isoforms regulate key macrophage (MΦ) functions during ischemic inflammation. HIF-2α drives proinflammatory cytokine production; however, the requirements for HIF-2α during other key MΦ functions, including phagocytosis, are unknown. In contrast to HIF-1α, HIF-2α was not required for hypoxic phagocytic uptake. Surprisingly, basal HIF-2α levels under nonhypoxic conditions were necessary and sufficient to suppress phagocytosis. Screening approaches revealed selective induction of the scavenger receptor MARCO, which was required for enhanced engulfment. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified the antioxidant NRF2 as being directly responsible for inducing Marco. Concordantly, Hif-2α−/− MΦs exhibited reduced antioxidant gene expression, and inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species suppressed Marco expression and phagocytic uptake. Ex vivo findings were recapitulated in vivo; the enhanced engulfment phenotype resulted in increased bacterial clearance and cytokine suppression. Importantly, natural induction of Hif-2α by IL-4 also suppressed MARCO-dependent phagocytosis. Thus, unlike most characterized prophagocytic regulators, HIF-2α can act as a phagocytic repressor. Interestingly, this occurs in resting MΦs through tempering of steady-state mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. In turn, HIF-2α promotes MΦ quiescence by blocking a MARCO bacterial-response pathway. IL-4 also drives HIF-2α suppression of MARCO, leading to compromised bacterial immunosurveillance in vivo.
A Novel Digital Patient-Reported Outcome Platform for Head and Neck Oncology Patients–-A Pilot Study
Authors: Peltola Maria K. , Lehikoinen Joel S. , Sippola Lauri T. , Saarilahti Kauko , Mäkitie Antti A. 
Published: September 2016

Introduction The patient's role in toxicity reporting is increasingly acknowledged. There is also a need for developing modern communication methods between the patient and the medical personnel. Furthermore, the increasing number of head and neck cancer (HNC) patients is reflected in the volume of treatment follow-up visits, which remains a challenge for the health care. Electronic patient-reported outcome (ePRO) measures may provide a cost-efficient way to organize follow-up for cancer patients. Materials and Methods We tested a novel ePRO application called Kaiku®, which enables real-time, online collection of patient-reported outcomes, such as side effects caused by treatment and quality of life. We conducted a pilot study to assess the suitability of Kaiku® for HNC patients at the Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Patients used Kaiku® during and one month after radiotherapy to report treatment-related side effects and quality of life. Two physicians and a nurse performed the practical electronic communication part of the study. Results Five of the nine patients agreed to participate in the study: three of them had local early-stage larynx cancer (T2N0, T1aN0, and T2N0) and the remaining two patients had early-stage base of tongue cancer (T2N0 and T1N2b). The degree of side effects reported by the patients via Kaiku® ranged from mild to life threatening. The number of outcome data points on patients' progress was significantly increased, which resulted in a better follow-up and improved communication between the patient and the care team. Conclusions Kaiku® seems to be a suitable tool to monitor side effects and quality of life during and after radiotherapy among HNC patients. Kaiku® and similar tools could be useful in organizing a cost-effective follow-up process for HNC patients. We recommend conducting a larger study to further assess the impact of an ePRO solution in routine clinical practice. • ePRO solutions may aid in the follow-up for cancer patients. • They seem suitable to monitor, for example, side effects and quality of life. • These systems ensure fast patient-driven reporting.
How streamflow has changed across Australia since the 1950s: evidence from the network of hydrologic reference stations
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyong Sophie , Amirthanathan Gnanathikkam E. , Bari Mohammed A. , Laugesen Richard M. , Shin Daehyok , Kent David M. , MacDonald Andrew M. , Turner Margot E. , Tuteja Narendra K. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Streamflow variability and trends in Australia were investigated for 222 high-quality stream gauging stations having 30 years or more continuous unregulated streamflow records. Trend analysis identified seasonal, inter-annual and decadal variability, long-term monotonic trends and step changes in streamflow. Trends were determined for annual total flow, baseflow, seasonal flows, daily maximum flow and three quantiles of daily flow. A distinct pattern of spatial and temporal variation in streamflow was evident across different hydroclimatic regions in Australia. Most of the stations in southeastern Australia spread across New South Wales and Victoria showed a significant decreasing trend in annual streamflow, while increasing trends were retained within the northern part of the continent. No strong evidence of significant trend was observed for stations in the central region of Australia and northern Queensland. The findings from step change analysis demonstrated evidence of changes in hydrologic responses consistent with observed changes in climate over the past decades. For example, in the Murray–Darling Basin, 51 out of 75 stations were identified with step changes of significant reduction in annual streamflow during the middle to late 1990s, when relatively dry years were recorded across the area. Overall, the hydrologic reference stations (HRSs) serve as critically important gauges for streamflow monitoring and changes in long-term water availability inferred from observed datasets. A wealth of freely downloadable hydrologic data is provided at the HRS web portal including annual, seasonal, monthly and daily streamflow data, as well as trend analysis products and relevant site information.
Aerosol properties and meteorological conditions in the city of Buenos
Aires, Argentina, during the resuspension of volcanic ash from the
Puyehue-Cordón Caulle eruption
Authors: Ulke Ana Graciela , Torres Brizuela Marcela M. , Raga Graciela B. , Baumgardner Darrel 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The eruption in June 2011 of the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle Volcanic Complex in Chile impacted air traffic around the Southern Hemisphere for several months after the initial ash emissions. The ash deposited in vast areas of the Patagonian Steppe was subjected to the strong wind conditions prevalent during the austral winter and spring experiencing resuspension over various regions of Argentina. In this study we analyze the meteorological conditions that led to the episode of volcanic ash resuspension which impacted the city of Buenos Aires and resulted in the closure of the two main airports in Buenos Aires area (Ezeiza and Aeroparque) on 16 October 2011. A relevant result is that resuspended material (volcanic ash plus dust) imprints a distinguishable feature within the atmospheric thermodynamic vertical profiles. The thermodynamic soundings show the signature of "pulses of drying" in layers associated with the presence of hygroscopic ash in the atmosphere that has already been reported in similar episodes after volcanic eruptions in other parts of the world. This particular footprint can be used to detect the probable existence of volcanic ash layers. This study also illustrates the utility of ceilometers to detect not only cloud base at airports but also volcanic ash plumes at the boundary layer and up to 7 km altitude. Aerosol properties measured in the city during the resuspension episode indicate the presence of enhanced concentrations of aerosol particles in the boundary layer along with spectral signatures in the measurements at the Buenos Aires AERONET site typical of ash plus dust advected towards the city. The mandatory aviation reports from the National Weather Service about airborne and deposited volcanic ash at the airport near the measurement site (Aeroparque) correlate in time with the enhanced concentrations. The presence of the resuspended material was detected by the CALIOP lidar overpassing the region. Since the dynamics of ash resuspension and recirculation are similar to the dynamics of dust storms, we use the HYSPLIT model with the dust storm module to simulate the episode that affected Buenos Aires. The results of the modeling agree qualitatively with satellite lidar measurements.
An innovative method to calibrate a spinner anemometer without the use of yaw position sensor
Authors: Demurtas Giorgio , Cornelis Janssen Nick Gerardus 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. A spinner anemometer can be used to measure the yaw misalignment and flow inclination experienced by a wind turbine. Previous calibration methods used to calibrate a spinner anemometer for flow angle measurements were based on measurements of a spinner anemometer with default settings (arbitrary values, generally k1,d  =  1 and k2,d  =  1) and a reference yaw misalignment signal measured with a yaw position sensor. The yaw position sensor is normally present in wind turbines for control purposes; however, such a signal is not always available for a spinner anemometer calibration. Therefore, an additional yaw position sensor was installed prior to the spinner anemometer calibration. An innovative method to calibrate the spinner anemometer without a yaw positions sensor was then developed. It was noted that a non-calibrated spinner anemometer that overestimates (underestimates) the inflow angle will also overestimate (underestimate) the wind speed when there is a yaw misalignment. The new method leverages the non-linearity of the spinner anemometer algorithm to find the calibration factor Fα by an optimization process that minimizes the dependency of the wind speed on the yaw misalignment. The new calibration method was found to be rather robust, with Fα values within ±2.7 % of the mean value for four successive tests at the same rotor position.
Minimal Incision, Multifidus-sparing Microendoscopic Diskectomy Versus Conventional Microdiskectomy for Highly Migrated Intracanal Lumbar Disk Herniations
Authors: Hussein Mohamed 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Highly migrated intracanal disk herniation is not among the exclusion criteria of the interlaminar microendoscopic diskectomy (MED) procedure. The goal of this prospective, randomized, controlled study was to compare the effect of the size of the skin incision and the method of handling the multifidus muscle on the results of the interlaminar MED procedure versus conventional microdiskectomy in retrieving highly migrated intracanal disk herniations.

Methods:
Seventy-three patients with highly migrated intracanal lumbar disk herniations treated with either minimal incision, multifidus-sparing MED or conventional microdiskectomy were observed for 2 years. Primary (clinical) outcomes data included the results of the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) for back and leg pain and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) to quantify pain and disability, respectively. Secondary objective outcomes data included surgical time, blood loss, postoperative analgesics, length of hospital stay, time to return to work, the rates of revision surgery complications, and the results of the patient satisfaction index (PSI) and the modified MacNab criteria.

Results:
At final follow-up, relief of leg pain was statistically significant for both groups. NRS back pain, ODI, PSI, and the modified MacNab criteria showed no improvement in the conventional microdiskectomy group. Secondary outcomes data in the MED group were significantly better than those for the control group.

Conclusions:
Highly migrated intracanal lumbar disk herniations can be sufficiently retrieved using minimal incision, multifidus-sparing MED, which is an effective alternative to conventional microdiskectomy. The minimal skin incision and multifidus-sparing approach of the MED had a positive effect on clinical outcomes, which were stable throughout the 2-year follow-up period.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic level II
Dimension Formulae for the Polynomial Algebra as a Module over the Steenrod Algebra in Degrees Less than or Equal to $12$
Authors: Mothebe Mbakiso Fix , Kaelo Professor , Ramatebele Orebonye 
Published: September 2016

Let ${\P}(n) ={\F}[x_1,\ldots,x_n]$ be the polynomial algebra in $n$ variables $x_i$, of degree one, over the field $\F$ of two elements. The mod-2 Steenrod algebra $\A$ acts on ${\P }(n)$ according to well known rules. A major problem in algebraic topology is that of determining $\A^+{\P}(n)$, the image of the action of the positively graded part of $\A$. We are interested in the related problem of determining a basis for the quotient vector space ${\Q}(n) = {\P}(n)/\A^{+}\P(n)$. Both ${\P }(n) =\bigoplus_{d \geq 0} {\P}^{d}(n)$ and ${\Q}(n)$ are graded, where ${\P}^{d}(n)$ denotes the set of homogeneous polynomials of degree $d$. In this paper we give explicit formulae for the dimension of ${\Q}(n)$ in degrees less than or equal to $12.$
O pensamento fenomenológico na educação geográfica: caminhos para uma aproximação entre cultura e ciência / Phenomenological thinking in geographic education: an approach for roads between culture and science
Authors: Davim David Emanuel Madeira , Marandola Junior Eduardo José 
Published: September 2016

<p>Com a intensão de responder à demandas do contexto contemporâneo e seus desafios, principalmente no campo científico, que coloca em cheque sua credibilidade de discurso e sua posição de autoridade diante da produção do conhecimento, nos propomos, com este artigo, a pensar novas alternativas à educação básica, sobretudo à prática do ensino em ciências humanas, destaque maior para a educação geográfica. Para viabilizar esta reflexão nos utilizaremos de uma perspectiva humanista-fenomenológica, que nas últimas décadas reapareceu como uma alternativa epistemológica a este contexto aparentemente fluido, proporcionado pela pós-modernidade que se apresenta. Esta perspectiva humanista na Geografia ressurge no contexto epistemológico contemporâneo como um colaborador em potencial para a superação desta condição apriorística, racional e universalista que ainda orienta o pensamento geográfico atual.</p><p><strong>Palavras-chaves: </strong>Fenomenologia; Geografia Humanista; Educação; Cultura e Ciência.</p><p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>With the intention of reply to the demands of the contemporary context and its challenges, mainly in the scientific camp, which puts in check their credibility speech and his position of authority on the production of knowledge, we propose, with this work, to think of new alternatives basic education, especially in the practice of teaching in the human sciences, most prominent for School Geography. To enable this reflection we will use in a humanist-phenomenological perspective, which reappeared in recent decades as a coherent epistemological alternative to this seemingly fluid context provided by that postmodernity is presented. This humanist perspective in Geography resurfaces in contemporary epistemological context as a potential contributor to overcoming this a priori, rational and universal that still guides the current geographical thought condition.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Phenomenology; Humanist Geography; Education; Culture and Science.</p>
The Measurement of the Sensory Recovery Period in Zygoma and Blow-Out Fractures with Neurometer Current Perception Threshold
Authors: Oh Daemyung , Yun Taebin , Kim Junhyung , Choi Jaehoon , Jeong Woonhyeok , Chu Hojun , Lee Soyoung 
Published: September 2016

Background Facial hypoesthesia is one of the most troublesome complaints in the management of facial bone fractures. However, there is a lack of literature on facial sensory recovery after facial trauma. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the facial sensory recovery period for facial bone fractures using Neurometer.
Methods Sixty-three patients who underwent open reduction of zygomatic and blowout fractures between December 2013 and July 2015 were included in the study. The facial sensory status of the patients was repeatedly examined preoperatively and postoperatively by Neurometer current perception threshold (CPT) until the results were normalized.
Results Among the 63 subjects, 30 patients had normal Neurometer results preoperatively and postoperatively. According to fracture types, 17 patients with blowout fracture had a median recovery period of 0.25 months. Twelve patients with zygomatic fracture had a median recovery period of 1.00 month. Four patients with both fracture types had a median recovery period of 0.625 months. The median recovery period of all 33 patients was 0.25 months. There was no statistically significant difference in the sensory recovery period between types and subgroups of zygomatic and blowout fractures. In addition, there was no statistically significant difference in the sensory recovery period according to Neurometer results and the patients' own subjective reports.
Conclusions Neurometer CPT is effective for evaluating and comparing preoperative and postoperative facial sensory status and evaluating the sensory recovery period in facial bone fracture patients.
Feasibility of the Use of RapiGraft and Skin Grafting in Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Yang Jung Dug , Cho In Gook , Kwon Joon Hyun , Lee Jeong Woo , Choi Kang Young , Chung Ho Yun , Cho Byung Chae 
Published: September 2016

Background Skin grafting is a relatively simple and thus widely used procedure. However, the elastic and structural quality of grafted skin is poor. Recently, various dermal substitutes have been developed to overcome this disadvantage of split-thickness skin grafts. The present study aims to determine the feasibility of RapiGraft as a new dermal substitute.
Methods This prospective study included 20 patients with partial- or full-thickness skin defects; the patients were enrolled between January 2013 and March 2014. After skin defect debridement, the wound was divided into two parts by an imaginary line. Split-thickness skin grafting alone was performed on one side (group A), and RapiGraft and split-thickness skin grafting were used on the other side (group B). All patients were evaluated using photographs and self-questionnaires. The Manchester scar scale (MSS), a chromameter, and a durometer were used for the scar evaluation. The average follow-up period was 6 months.
Results The skin graft take rates were 93% in group A and 89% in group B, a non-significant difference (P=0.082). Statistically, group B had significantly lower MSS, vascularity, and pigmentation results than group A (P<0.05 for all). However, the groups did not differ significantly in pliability (P=0.155).
Conclusions The present study indicates that a simultaneous application of RapiGraft and a split-thickness skin graft is safe and yields improved results. Therefore, we conclude that the use of RapiGraft along with skin grafting will be beneficial for patients requiring reconstructive surgery.
Rhinoplasty Education Using a Standardized Patient Encounter
Authors: Wright Eric J. , Khosla Rohit K. , Howell Lori , Lee Gordon K. 
Published: September 2016

Background Comprehensive aesthetic surgery training continues to be a challenge for residency programs. Our residency program developed a rhinoplasty-based objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) based upon validated methods as part of the residency education curriculum. We report our experience with the rhinoplasty-based OSCE and offer guidance to its incorporation within residency programs.
Methods The encounter involved resident evaluation and operative planning for a standardized patient desiring a rhinoplasty procedure. Validated OSCE methods currently used at our medical school were implemented. Residents were evaluated on appropriate history taking, physical examination, and explanation to the patient of treatment options. Examination results were evaluated using analysis of variance (statistical significance P<0.05).
Results Twelve residents completed the rhinoplasty OSCE. Medical knowledge assessment showed increasing performance with clinical year, 50% versus 84% for postgraduate year 3 and 6, respectively (P<0.005). Systems-based practice scores showed that all residents incorrectly submitted forms for billing and operative scheduling. All residents confirmed that the OSCE realistically represents an actual patient encounter. All faculty confirmed the utility of evaluating resident performance during the OSCE as a useful assessment tool for determining the Next Accreditation System Milestone level.
Conclusions Aesthetic surgery training for residents will require innovative methods for education. Our examination showed a program-educational weakness in billing/coding, an area that will be improved upon by topic-specific lectures. A thoroughly developed OSCE can provide a realistic educational opportunity to improve residents' performance on the nonoperative aspects of rhinoplasty and should be considered as an adjunct to resident education.
The Search for Meaning: A Film-Based Approach
Authors: ARNOLD JULIE WEGNER 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Professionals who study and document the lives of young adults assert that people between the ages of seventeen and thirty are often overwhelmed by difficulties that accompany their transition into adulthood, making it difficult for them to imagine a future in which they can fulfill their personal needs and also make meaningful contributions to society. This essay shares a film-based strategy for guiding students in their desire to balance independence with responsibility. Anchored in the author's broad understanding of the liberal arts, the method of film instruction described in this paper inspires undergraduates to interpret relationships between cinematic form (artistic properties of film) and meaning (thematic content). Furthermore, the proposed approach to film instruction encourages students to consider how thematic content implicit in cinematic form may be applicable and meaningful to them as they transition into full adulthood and seek ways to become engaged citizens. The author teaches French Cinema to upper-level undergraduate students of French and to students who take the course as a Humanities elective taught in English.