bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Polyoxymethylene Dimethyl Ethers from Dimethyl Ether Direct Oxidation over Carbon‐Based Catalysts
Authors: Gao Xiu‐Juan , Wang Wen‐Feng , Gu Ying‐Ying , Zhang Zhen‐Zhou , Zhang Jun‐Feng , Zhang Qing‐De , Tsubaki Noritatsu , Han Yi‐Zhuo , Tan Yi‐Sheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (DMMx) with a selectivity of 84.3 % by direct oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) was realized over 30 %Ti(SO4)2/active carbon (AC) catalyst. This process also significantly promotes the growth of the C−O chain. The catalytic performances of Ti(SO4)2/AC and Ti(SO4)2/graphene (G) catalysts differ largely for DME oxidation reaction, although both AC and G are carbon materials. The carbonyl and hydroxyl groups on the surface of the carbon‐based catalysts play an important role in DME direct oxidation to DMMx. Owing to the differences of surface structure and chemical properties of AC and G materials, the different interaction between the Ti(SO4)2 and supports remarkably affects the sulfate structures on the supports surface and leads to the large differences in the acid and redox properties of catalysts.
Hierarchical Molybdenum Dioxide Microflowers Encapsulating Nickel Nanoparticles for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Wang Chunli , Sun Lianshan , Wang Xuxu , Cheng Yong , Yin Dongming , Yuan Dongxia , Li Qian , Wang Limin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHerein, we propose a strategy to prepare Ni/MoO2 microflowers (Ni/MoO2/C) for lithium‐ion batteries through a facile aqueous phase reaction at room temperature. NiMoO4 nanowires, as the Ni and Mo source, can chelate with dopamine to form a hierarchical microflower structure. The nickel content and the structure have significant influence on the performance for the final product. In the electrochemical measurements, the Ni/MoO2/C electrode reveals a high initial discharge capacity of 1117.3 mA h g−1 and a high capacity retention of 693.3 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles after an activated process at 1 A g−1. Meanwhile, an excellent rate capability from 0.1 A to 5 A g−1, where the discharge capacity is 1374 to 406 mA h g−1, is obtained. The high capability suggests that Ni/MoO2/C may be a promising candidate as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries.
Controlled Hydrothermal Crystallization of Anhydrous Ln2(OH)4SO4 (Ln=Eu–Lu, Y) as a New Family of Layered Rare Earth Metal Hydroxides
Authors: Wang Xuejiao , Molokeev Maxim S. , Zhu Qi , Li Ji‐Guang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAnhydrous hydroxide sulfates Ln2(OH)4SO4 (Ln=Eu–Lu, Y) were hydrothermally synthesized as a new family of layered rare earth metal hydroxides (LRHs). They crystallize in the monoclinic system (space group C2/m) with structures built up by alternate stacking of interlayer SO42− and the two‐dimensional host layer composed of tricapped [LnO9] trigonal prisms along the a axis. In distinct contrast to the recently discovered hydrated LRHs Ln2(OH)4SO4⋅2 H2O, which only exist for Ln=La–Dy, the host layers of the anhydrous phase are linked together by sharing edges instead of an O node of the SO42− tetrahedron. Rietveld refinement showed that the cell dimension tends to decrease for smaller Ln3+, while the axis angle (β=98.78–100.31°) behaves oppositely. Comparative thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis in air revealed that the dehydroxylation and desulfurization temperatures become gradually higher and lower, respectively, for smaller Ln3+, and thus the temperature range of Ln2O2SO4 existence is narrowed. The newly discovered Ln2(OH)4SO4, together with their hydrated counterparts, allow for the first time green synthesis of Ln2O2SO4 with water as the only exhaust for the full spectrum of lanthanides. Calcining Ln2(OH)4SO4 in H2 yielded phase‐pure Ln2O2S for Eu and Gd and a mixture of Ln2O2S and Ln2O3 for the other Ln. The effects of the lanthanide contraction were clearly revealed, and photoluminescence was found for the anhydrous LRHs of Eu and Tb.
α‐ and β‐[Bmim][BiCl4(2,2′‐bpy)]: Two Polymorphic Bismuth‐Containing Ionic Liquids with Crystallization‐Induced Phosphorescence
Authors: Shen Nannan , Li Jianrong , Wu Zhaofeng , Hu Bing , Cheng Chuchu , Wang Zeping , Gong Liaokuo , Huang Xiaoying 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis work reports the syntheses, structures, and luminescence properties of two supramolecular polymorphic compounds composed of a hybrid bismuth(III) chloride anion and an imidazolium cation, namely α‐ (1) and β‐ (2) [Bmim][BiCl4(2,2′‐bpy)] (Bmim=1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium; 2,2′‐bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine). They are the first two examples of Bi3+‐containing ionic liquids (ILs). Their different packing modes may be ascribed to the rotational flexibility of the butyl group on the [Bmim]+ cation. A comparative study of the weak intermolecular interactions present in the two polymorphs has been performed by Hirshfeld surface and two‐dimensional fingerprint analyses. Investigations of the luminescence properties revealed that crystallization induced greenish‐yellow phosphorescence with quantum yields of 26.07 % for 1 and 36.59 % for 2, which are among the highest hitherto reported for hybrid halobismuthate compounds. The difference in phosphorescence may be attributed to the different weak interactions in 1 and 2, especially π–π contacts. This work opens the way to further research on new types of polymorphism‐dependent luminescent materials based on a combination of rotationally isomeric IL cations with organic decorated bismuth(III) chloride anions.
Extending Long‐lived Charge Separation Between Donor and Acceptor Blocks in Novel Copolymer Architectures Featuring a Sensitizer Core
Authors: Schroot Robert , Schlotthauer Tina , Dietzek Benjamin , Jäger Michael , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA bifunctional RuII photosensitizer unit was decorated with one n‐ and one p‐type polymer chain to form precisely controlled hierarchical copolymer‐type architectures for light‐induced charge separation. The applied modular chemistry‐on‐the‐complex strategy benefits from separately prepared building blocks and their orthogonal linkage in the two final assembly steps. Upon visible light absorption, electron transfer is initiated between the conjugated poly(3,6‐carbazole) chain and the styrenic poly(naphthalene diimide) segments. Steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy show complete charge separation within a few nanoseconds (>95 % efficiency) persisting several tens of microseconds. The recombination is significantly reduced in comparison to low‐molecular model systems or to non‐conjugated congeners, reflecting the higher charge mobility in conjugated polymers. In summary, the modularity of the presented approach is expected to serve as a versatile platform to tailor the interface between the charge transport domains in a systematic fashion.
Palladium‐Catalyzed 2,2,2‐Trifluoroethoxylation of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Chlorides Utilizing Borate Salt and the Synthesis of a Trifluoro Analogue of Sildenafil
Authors: Pethő Bálint , Zwillinger Márton , Csenki János T. , Káncz Anna E. , Krámos Balázs , Müller Judit , Balogh György T. , Novák Zoltán 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA simple and convenient method was developed for the introduction of a 2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy group to various aromatic and heteroaromatic systems. The novel process utilizes aromatic chlorides as substrates, and tetrakis(2,2,2‐trifluoroethoxy) borate salt as an inexpensive and readily available fluoroalkoxy source in a palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction. The power of the developed methodology was demonstrated in the synthesis of a fluorous derivative of Sildenafil.
Survivorship care planning in skin cancer: An unbiased statistical approach to identifying patterns of care‐plan use
Authors: Benci Joseph L. , Minn Andy J. , Vachani Carolyn C. , Bach Christina , Arnold‐Korzeniowski Karen , Hampshire Margaret K. , Metz James M. , Hill‐Kayser Christine E. 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDNearly 1 in 5 Americans will develop skin cancer, and as a result, survivors of skin cancer compose one of the largest groups of cancer survivors. Survivorship care plans (SCPs) are an important tool for improving patient outcomes and provide critical information to both survivors and health care professionals. Recent efforts have been made to expand SCP utilization; however, which patients currently receive SCPs is poorly understood.METHODSThis study used 596 individuals with a diagnosis of melanoma (n = 391) or nonmelanoma skin cancer (n = 205) who had used an Internet‐based SCP tool from May 2010 to December 2016 to model the patient and provider characteristics that determine SCP utilization.RESULTSSurvivors were predominantly white (95.3%) and female (56.5%). Survivors who received a treatment summary were more likely to also receive an SCP. University and nonuniversity cancer centers used SCPs at a higher rate than other care settings. Survivors whose care was managed by a team rather than just an individual physician were also more likely to receive an SCP. Survivors older than 70 years at diagnosis were almost twice as likely to receive a plan as survivors who were diagnosed at a younger age.CONCLUSIONSWith a convenience sample of skin cancer survivors, it is possible to model factors that predict the receipt of SCPs. Important variables include the diagnosis age, treatment setting, physician type, and treatment‐summary utilization. A closer examination of these variables identified several disparities in care‐plan use and, therefore, opportunities to improve the distribution of SCPs. Further validation in additional cohorts of survivors is necessary to confirm these conclusions. Cancer 2018;124:183‐91. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Relative pressure estimation from velocity measurements in blood flows: State‐of‐the‐art and new approaches
Authors: Bertoglio Cristóbal , Nuñez Rodolfo , Galarce Felipe , Nordsletten David , Osses Axel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe relative pressure difference across stenotic blood vessels serves as an important clinical index for the diagnosis of many cardiovascular diseases. While the clinical gold standard for relative pressure difference measurements is invasive catheterization, Phase‐Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging has emerged as a promising tool for enabling a noninvasive quantification, by linking highly spatially resolved velocity measurements with relative pressures via the incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations. In this work, we provide a review and analysis of current methods for relative pressure estimation and propose 3 additional techniques. Methods are compared using synthetic data from numerical examples, and sensitivity to subsampling and noise was explored. Through our analysis, we verify that the newly proposed approaches are more robust with respect to spatial subsampling and less sensitive to noise and therefore provide improved means for estimating relative pressure differences noninvasively.
A network community restructuring mechanism for transport efficiency improvement in scale‐free complex networks
Authors: Cai Jun , Luo Jian‐Zhen , Liu Yan , Wei Wenguo , Lei Fangyuan 
Published: September 2017

SummaryRecent studies have demonstrated that network community structure can significantly reduce the network transport efficiency. In this paper, the weakening community structure (WCS) strategy based on adding of edges that can effectively weaken the network community characteristics and improve the network transport efficiency is proposed. The WCS performance was validated by experiments, which were performed on pseudo‐random network, scale‐free artificial network with community structures, and real internet, using the shortest path routing and the local routing. The experimental results have demonstrated that the WCS strategy can greatly improve the network load capacity and reduce the average length of the shortest path by adding a small amount of edges between communities. The proposed mechanism not only provides the improvement of network transport efficiency but also can be adapted for restraining of malicious information propagation through the network.
Profiling of Single‐Cell Transcriptomes
Authors: Chen Wanze , Gardeux Vincent , Meireles‐Filho Antonio , Deplancke Bart 
Published: September 2017

AbstractComplex biological systems are composed of multiple cell types whose transcriptional activity can vary due to differences in cell state, environmental stimulation, or intrinsic programs. Conventional bulk analysis methods capture the average transcriptional programs of the cell population, thus missing the unique cellular signature of each single cell. In recent years, the development of single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) technologies has provided a powerful approach to dissect the cellular heterogeneity of complex biological systems. However, such approaches require specialized equipment or are costly. In this article, we describe an improved Smart‐seq2‐based method to profile the transcriptome of hundreds of single cells simultaneously, without utilizing commercial kits or requiring any specialized single‐cell capture/library preparation tools. Moreover, we introduce the Automated Single‐cell Analysis Pipeline (ASAP), which allows researchers without strong computational expertise to explore scRNA‐seq data using a wide range of commonly used algorithms and sophisticated visualization tools. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Vascular Landmarks to Orient 3D Optical Coherence Tomography Images of the Mouse Eye
Authors: Krebs Mark P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractComparing 3D structural information obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT) requires accurate alignment of images acquired from individual subjects. Despite the widespread use of OCT to image the anterior and posterior mouse eye, few approaches to align the resulting image data have been described, in part due to a lack of well‐characterized landmarks that are suitable for alignment. Here, we provide an OCT acquisition and analysis protocol that incorporates the use of the long posterior ciliary arteries as landmarks. In mammals, these two large choroidal vessels lie in a plane approximately parallel to the horizon. Our OCT imaging approach resolves these vessels in the mouse eye and suggests that their location is reproducible. The protocol may be useful for preparing 3D OCT data to compare experimental cohorts of mice and for standardizing results from independent research laboratories. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A genetic algorithm‐based task scheduling for cloud resource crowd‐funding model
Authors: Zhang Nan , Yang Xiaolong , Zhang Min , Sun Yan , Long Keping 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWith the rapid development of cloud computing, the number of cloud users is growing exponentially. Data centers have come under great pressure, and the problem of power consumption has become increasingly prominent. However, many idle resources that are geographically distributed in the network can be used as resource providers for cloud tasks. These distributed resources may not be able to support the resource‐intensive applications alone because of their limited capacity; however, the capacity will be considerably increased if they can cooperate with each other and share resources. Therefore, in this paper, a new resource‐providing model called “crowd‐funding” is proposed. In the crowd‐funding model, idle resources can be collected to form a virtual resource pool for providing cloud services. Based on this model, a new task scheduling algorithm is proposed, RC‐GA (genetic algorithm for task scheduling based on a resource crowd‐funding model). For crowd‐funding, the resources come from different heterogeneous devices, so the resource stability should be considered different. The scheduling targets of the RC‐GA are designed to increase the stability of task execution and reduce power consumption at the same time. In addition, to reduce random errors in the evolution process, the roulette wheel selection operator of the genetic algorithm is improved. The experiment shows that the RC‐GA can achieve good results.
Sedimentology and Geochemistry of the 2930 Ma Red Lake–Wallace Lake Carbonate Platform, Western Superior Province, Canada
Authors: McIntyre Timothy , Fralick Philip 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChemical sedimentary rocks in the Red Lake–Wallace Lake area of the Canadian Shield form the Earth's oldest known carbonate platform and, as such, provide a unique opportunity to explore the floor of a 2930 Myr old warm, shallow sea. Peritidal depositional features dominate the platform top, ranging from colloform crusts, teepee structures, and evaporate pseudomorphs in the supratidal; pseudomorph crystal fans and laterally linked domal stromatolites, associated with stromatactis‐like structures, sheet cracks and liminoid fenestral fabrics extending from the lower supratidal through the intertidal; and herring‐bone cross‐stratification, isolated domal stromatolites and herring‐bone calcite cement in tidal channels. These lithofacies indicate a low energy, restricted evaporitic environment. Limited subtidal platform top deposits are characterized by laterally linked domal stromatolites and pseudomorph crystal fans on a larger scale than those found in the intertidal areas. A transitional lithofacies to deeper water were deposited further offshore. It consists of ribbon rock (mixed laminae and beds of carbonate, slate and iron oxide sediments), slump structures composed of intraclastic carbonate lithoclasts in a marl matrix and carbonate‐associated iron formation. Basinal deposits consist of chert and chert‐oxide facies iron formation. Peritidal lithofacies are composed of ferroan dolomite, whereas deep subtidal to upper slope lithofacies are composed of calcite. The dolomites have O and Sr isotopic ratios which were probably reset during dolomitization, whereas only O is altered in the limestones. The δ13C values for all the carbonate samples were 0 ± 1·1‰V‐PDB, with samples formed in deeper water having lighter δ13C values, suggesting the deeper open ocean had a lighter δ13C budget than water in the platform interior. Post Archean Australian Shale normalized rare earth element patterns for the carbonate samples have positive La and Eu anomalies, suprachondritic Y/Ho ratios and slight heavy rare earth element enrichment in most samples. Basin lithofacies are characterized by heavy rare earth element enrichment and positive Eu anomalies. One sample had a significant negative Ce anomaly. These data probably indicate restricted circulation in the supra and intertidal areas and possibly the development of spatially limited areas where oxygen production could move the redox boundary out into the water column.
Stress‐induced changes in color expression mediated by iridophores in a polymorphic lizard
Authors: Lewis Anna C. , Rankin Katrina J. , Pask Andrew J. , Stuart‐Fox Devi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStress is an important potential factor mediating a broad range of cellular pathways, including those involved in condition‐dependent (i.e., honest) color signal expression. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the relationship between stress and color expression are largely unknown. We artificially elevated circulating corticosterone levels in male tawny dragon lizards, Ctenophorus decresii, to assess the effect of stress on the throat color signal. Corticosterone treatment increased luminance (paler throat coloration) and decreased the proportion of gray, thereby influencing the gray reticulations that produce unique patterning. The magnitude of change in luminance for corticosterone‐treated individuals in our study was around 6 “just noticeable differences” to the tawny dragon visual system, suggesting that lizards are likely to be able to perceive the measured variation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of iridophore cells indicated that luminance increased with increasing density of iridophore cells and increased spacing (and/or reduced size) of crystalline guanine platelets within them. Crystal spacing within iridophores also differed between skin colors, being greater in cream than either gray or yellow skin and greater in orange than yellow skin. Our results demonstrate that stress detectably impacts signal expression (luminance and patterning), which may provide information on individual condition. This effect is likely to be mediated, at least in part, by structural coloration produced by iridophore cells.
Multilevel landscape utilization of the Siberian flying squirrel: Scale effects on species habitat use
Authors: Remm Jaanus , Hanski Ilpo K. , Tuominen Sakari , Selonen Vesa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAnimals use and select habitat at multiple hierarchical levels and at different spatial scales within each level. Still, there is little knowledge on the scale effects at different spatial levels of species occupancy patterns. The objective of this study was to examine nonlinear effects and optimal‐scale landscape characteristics that affect occupancy of the Siberian flying squirrel, Pteromys volans, in South‐ and Mid‐Finland. We used presence–absence data (n = 10,032 plots of 9 ha) and novel approach to separate the effects on site‐, landscape‐, and regional‐level occupancy patterns. Our main results were: landscape variables predicted the placement of population patches at least twice as well as they predicted the occupancy of particular sites; the clear optimal value of preferred habitat cover for species landscape‐level abundance is a surprisingly low value (10% within a 4 km buffer); landscape metrics exert different effects on species occupancy and abundance in high versus low population density regions of our study area. We conclude that knowledge of regional variation in landscape utilization will be essential for successful conservation of the species. The results also support the view that large‐scale landscape variables have high predictive power in explaining species abundance. Our study demonstrates the complex response of species occurrence at different levels of population configuration on landscape structure. The study also highlights the need for data in large spatial scale to increase the precision of biodiversity mapping and prediction of future trends.
Host plant cyanotype determines degree of rhizobial symbiosis
Authors: Godschalx Adrienne L. , Tran Vy , Ballhorn Daniel J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPlants with nitrogen‐fixing bacteria, such as legumes with rhizobia, can tap the atmospheric nitrogen pool to obtain resources for defense compounds. Cyanogenesis, a nitrogen‐based plant defense against herbivores, increases in response to rhizobial colonization, but depends on plant genotype. Here, we tested whether genotypic differences in host plant cyanogenesis influence symbiotic reliance on nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia. Using thin, clear soil containers, we counted nodules on live root systems of distinct high (HC) and low (LC) lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) cyanotypes across the duration of an eight‐week study. We measured changes in cyanogenic potential (HCNp) and protein content to reveal quantitative interactions between nodule number and both leaf traits. High cyanogenic plants maintained consistently twice as many nodules as LC plants. Including both cyanotypes, nodule number correlated positively with HCNp, but negatively with foliar protein content. However, within‐cyanotype interactions between nodule number and plant traits were not significant except for foliar protein in HC plants, which decreased with increasing nodule number. Our results imply that while genotypes with higher levels of nitrogen‐based defense invest more in the rhizobial partner, the costs involved in maintaining the symbiosis may cause resource allocation constraints in the plants' primary nitrogen metabolism.