bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Z‐α,β‐Unsaturated Sulfones Using Peterson Reagents.
Authors: Ando Kaori , Wada Tomohiro , Okumura Miho , Sumida Hiroshi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNew Peterson reagents bearing alkyloxy groups on the silicon atom are prepared in order to steady the sulfone anion conformation.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Decarboxylative Allylations of a Mixture of Allyl Carbonates and Allyl Esters: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐ and (+)‐Folicanthine.
Authors: Ghosh Santanu , Chaudhuri Saikat , Bisai Alakesh 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBoth allyl carbonates (I) as well as allyl esters (III) undergo enantioselective decarboxylative allylations to furnish the same products (II).
ChemInform Abstract: First Direct Access to 2‐Hydroxybenzophenones via Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of 2‐Hydroxybenzaldehydes with Aryl Iodides.
Authors: Nowrouzi N. , Zarei M. , Roozbin F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe reaction works well for salicylaldehydes and aryl iodides.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Alternative Method for the Synthesis of Dithienylacetylenes.
Authors: Lvov Andrey G. , Milevsky Nikita A. , Shirinian Valerii Z. , Krayushkin Mikhail M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA convenient two‐step approach to the formation of dithienylacetylenes (IV) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Unified Approach to the Spiro(pyrrolidinyl‐oxindole) and Hexahydropyrrolo[2,3‐b]indole Alkaloids: Total Syntheses of Pseudophrynamines 270 and 272A.
Authors: De Subhadip , Das Mrinal Kanti , Bhunia Subhajit , Bisai Alakesh 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAn enantioselective 3‐hydroxymethylation of 3‐substituted oxindoles is described.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Carbazoles via Tandem C—C Cross‐Coupling and Reductive Amination.
Authors: Goo Deuk‐Young , Woo Sang Kook 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA synthetic route towards carbazoles, based on sequential C—C/C—N bond formation via Suzuki cross‐coupling and Cadogan cyclization is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: New Fluorescent 3H‐Imidazo[4,5‐e][2,1]benzoxazoles: Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity.
Authors: Rezazadeh Mitra , Pordel Mehdi , Davoodnia Abolghasem , Saberi Sattar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSome new donor‐acceptor fluorescent heterocyclic compounds (II) are obtained via regioselective nitration of imidazo[2,1]benzoxazoles (I) at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent Free One‐Pot Multi‐Component Synthesis of β‐Azaarene Substituted Ketones via a Sn‐Catalyzed C(sp3)—H Functionalization of 2‐Alkylazaarenes.
Authors: Chavan Santosh S. , Pathan Mohsinkhan Y. , Mulla Shafeek A. R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFor the first time, a direct access to 1,3‐diaryl‐4‐(benzothiazol‐2‐yl)butan‐1‐ones (IV) and (VIII) via a 3‐component cascade reaction of acetophenones (I), 2‐methylbenzothiazole (II) and aryl aldehydes (III) and (VII) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Scope of Successive C—H Functionalizations of the Methyl Group in 3‐Picolines: Intramolecular Carbonylation of Arenes to the Metal‐Free Synthesis of 4‐Azafluorenones.
Authors: Laha Joydev K. , Jethava Krupal P. , Patel Sagarkumar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractVarious 2‐aryl substituted 3‐picolines are efficiently transformed into 4‐azafluorenes and the products are isolated as single regioisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Heck‐Type Reaction of Oximes with Allylic Alcohols: Synthesis of Pyridines and Azafluorenones.
Authors: Zheng Meifang , Chen Pengquan , Wu Wanqing , Jiang Huanfeng 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe facile and efficient protocol provides a pathway for the insertion of alkenes into oximes to form pyridine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Component Approach to N‐Substituted Phenothiazines under Transition‐Metal‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Chen Jinjin , Li Guozheng , Xie Yanjun , Liao Yunfeng , Xiao Fuhong , Deng Guo‐Jun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStarting from cyclohexanones, aromatic or aliphatic amines or diamines and elemental sulfur the title transformation is achieved in an efficient manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Instantaneous Click Chemistry by a Copper‐Containing Polymeric‐Membrane‐Installed Microflow Catalytic Reactor.
Authors: Yamada Yoichi M. A. , Ohno Aya , Sato Takuma , Uozumi Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAzide‐alkyne cycloaddition reactions are successfully carried out in very short reaction times using a novel polymeric membranous copper‐catalyst‐installed microflow device.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Consecutive Reactions of α‐Azido Ketones: A Review
Authors: Faiz Sadia , Zahoor Ameer Fawad , Rasool Nasir , Yousaf Muhammad , Mansha Asim , Zia‐Ul‐Haq Muhammad , Jaafar Hawa Z. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractReview: 58 refs.
How do you write and present research well? 9—show and state what error bars represent
Authors: Patience Gregory S. , Srinivisan Bala , Perrier Michel , Boffito Daria C. , Patience Paul A. 
Published: April 2016

What do error bars in graphs or uncertainty in variables () represent?[1] (Multiple answers)

Standard deviation,
Standard error of the mean,
Confidence interval,
Instrument resolution
Maximum and minimum of a range of measurements The correct expression for sample standard deviation is s; it is for the standard error of the mean and for the confidence interval. Both (d) and (e) are acceptable together with s, , and , but we recommend the confidence interval.
Effects of marital status and economic resources on survival after cancer: A population‐based study
Authors: Gomez Scarlett Lin , Hurley Susan , Canchola Alison J. , Keegan Theresa H. M. , Cheng Iona , Murphy James D. , Clarke Christina A. , Glaser Sally L. , Martínez María Elena 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDAlthough married cancer patients have more favorable survival than unmarried patients, reasons underlying this association are not fully understood. The authors evaluated the role of economic resources, including health insurance status and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), in a large California cohort.METHODSFrom the California Cancer Registry, we identified 783,167 cancer patients (386,607 deaths) who were diagnosed during 2000 through 2009 with a first primary, invasive cancer of the 10 most common sites of cancer‐related death for each sex and were followed through 2012. Age‐stratified and stage‐stratified Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for all‐cause mortality associated with marital status, adjusted for cancer site, race/ethnicity, and treatment.RESULTSCompared with married patients, unmarried patients had an elevated risk of mortality that was higher among males (HR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.26‐1.29) than among females (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.18‐1.20; Pinteraction < .001). Adjustment for insurance status and nSES reduced the marital status HRs to 1.22 for males and 1.15 for females. There was some evidence of synergistic effects of marital status, insurance, and nSES, with relatively higher risks observed for unmarried status among those who were under‐insured and living in high nSES areas compared with those who were under‐insured and living in low nSES areas (Pinteraction = 6.8 × 10−9 among males and 8.2 × 10−8 among females).CONCLUSIONSThe worse survival of unmarried than married cancer patients appears to be minimally explained by differences in economic resources. Cancer 2016;122:1618–25. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
The Revised Neurobehavioral Severity Scale (NSS‐R) for Rodents
Authors: Yarnell Angela M. , Barry Erin S. , Mountney Andrea , Shear Deborah , Tortella Frank , Grunberg Neil E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMotor and sensory deficits are common following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Although rodent models provide valuable insight into the biological and functional outcomes of TBI, the success of translational research is critically dependent upon proper selection of sensitive, reliable, and reproducible assessments. Published literature includes various observational scales designed to evaluate post‐injury functionality; however, the heterogeneity in TBI location, severity, and symptomology can complicate behavioral assessments. The importance of choosing behavioral outcomes that can be reliably and objectively quantified in an efficient manner is becoming increasingly important. The Revised Neurobehavioral Severity Scale (NSS‐R) is a continuous series of specific, sensitive, and standardized observational tests that evaluate balance, motor coordination, and sensorimotor reflexes in rodents. The tasks follow a specific order designed to minimize interference: balance, landing, tail raise, dragging, righting reflex, ear reflex, eye reflex, sound reflex, tail pinch, and hindpaw pinch. The NSS‐R has proven to be a reliable method differentiating brain‐injured rodents from non‐brain‐injured rodents across many brain injury models. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The untapped potential of the GENSAT mice—A valuable resource for developmental biology
Authors: Condie Brian G. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryGene Expression Nervous System Atlas (GENSAT) transgenic mice express EGFP, tdTomato, or Cre recombinase in a wide range of cell types. The mice and the bacterial artificial chromosome transgenes are available from repositories (MMRRC or CHORI), thereby making these resources readily available to the research community. This resource of 1,386 transgenic lines was developed and validated for neuroscience research. However, GENSAT mice have many potential applications in other contexts including studies of development outside of the CNS. The cell type‐specific expression of fluorescent proteins in these mice has been used to identify cells in living embryos, in living embryo explants, and in stem or progenitor cell populations in postnatal tissues. The large number of fluorescent protein driver lines generated by GENSAT greatly expands the range of cell type markers that can be used for live cell sorting. In addition, the GENSAT project has generated 278 new Cre driver lines. This review provides an overview of the GENSAT lines and information for identifying lines that may be useful for a particular application. I also provide a review of the few published cases in which GENSAT mice have been used for studies of embryonic development or analysis of stem/progenitor cells in nonneural tissues. genesis 54:245–256, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nuclear introgression without mitochondrial introgression in two turtle species exhibiting sex‐specific trophic differentiation
Authors: Mitchell Sarah M. , Muehlbauer Laura K. , Freedberg Steven 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDespite the presence of reproductive barriers between species, interspecific gene introgression has been documented in a range of natural systems. Comparing patterns of genetic introgression in biparental versus matrilineal markers can potentially reveal sex‐specific barriers to interspecific gene flow. Hybridization has been documented in the freshwater turtles Graptemys geographica and G. pseudogeographica, whose ranges are largely sympatric. Morphological differentiation between the species is restricted to females, with female G. geographica possessing large heads and jaws compared to the narrow heads of G. pseudogeographica females. If hybrid females are morphologically intermediate, they may be less successful at exploiting parental feeding niches, thereby limiting the introgression of maternally inherited, but not biparental, molecular markers. We paired sequence data with stable isotope analysis and examined sex‐specific genetic introgression and trophic differentiation in sympatric populations of G. geographica and G. pseudogeographica. We observed introgression from G. pseudogeographica into G. geographica at three nuclear loci, but not at the mitochondrial locus. Analysis of ∂15N and ∂13C was consistent with species differences in trophic positioning in females, but not males. These results suggest that ecological divergence in females may reduce the opportunity for gene flow in this system.
Contrasting genetic patterns between two coexisting Eleutherococcus species in northern China
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Hong , Bao Lei , Wang Tian‐Ming , Wang Hong‐Fang , Ge Jian‐Ping 
Published: April 2016

AbstractClimate oscillations are the key factors to understand the patterns in modern biodiversity. East Asia harbors the most diverse temperate flora, largely because an extensive terrestrial ice cap was absent during repeated Pleistocene glaciation–interglacial cycles. Comparing the demographic histories of species that are codistributed and are close relatives may provide insight into how the process of climate change influences species ranges. In this study, we compared the spatial genetic structure and demographic histories of two coexisting Eleutherococcus species, Eleutherococcus senticosus and E. sessiliflorus. Both species are distributed in northern China, regions that are generally considered to be sensitive to climatic fluctuations. These regions once hosted temperate forest, but this temperate forest was replaced by tundra and taiga forest during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), according to pollen records. Using three chloroplast DNA fragments, we assessed the genetic structure of 20 and 9 natural populations of E. senticosus and E. sessiliflorus, respectively. Extremely contrasting genetic patterns were found between the two species; E. sessiliflorus had little genetic variation, whereas E. senticosus had considerably higher levels of genetic variation (15 haplotypes). We speculated that a recent severe bottleneck may have resulted in the extremely low genetic diversity in E. sessiliflorus. In E. senticosus, populations in Northeast China (NEC) harbored all of the haplotypes found in this species and included private haplotypes. The populations in NEC had higher levels of genetic diversity than did those from North China (NC). Therefore, we suggest that both the NC and NEC regions can sustain LGM refugia and that lineage admixture from multiple refugia took place after the LGM elevated the local genetic diversity in NEC. In NEC, multiple genetic hot spots were found in the Changbai Mountains and the Xiaoxing'an Range, which implied that multiple locations in NEC may sustain LGM refugia, even in the Xiaoxing'an Range.
The transcardiac gradient of cardio‐microRNAs in the failing heart
Authors: Marques Francine Z. , Vizi Donna , Khammy Ouda , Mariani Justin A. , Kaye David M. 
Published: April 2016

AimsDifferential microRNA expression in peripheral blood has been observed in patients with heart failure, suggesting their value as potential biomarkers and likely contributors to disease mechanisms. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the transcardiac gradient of 84 cardio‐microRNAs in healthy and failing hearts to determine which microRNAs are released or absorbed by the myocardium in heart failure.Methods and resultsEight healthy volunteers and nine patients with congestive heart failure were included. Arterial and coronary sinus blood samples were collected, and microRNAs were extracted. The expression of microRNAs was analysed using real‐time PCR by the miScript miRNA PCR Array Human Cardiovascular Disease. In coronary sinus samples, the microRNAs miR‐16‐5p, miR‐27a‐3p, miR‐27b‐3p, miR‐29b‐3p, miR‐29c‐3p, miR‐30e‐5p, miR‐92a‐3p, miR‐125b‐5p, miR‐140‐5p, miR‐195‐5p, miR‐424‐5p, and miR‐451a were significantly down‐regulated, and let‐7a‐5p, let‐7c‐5p, let‐7e‐5p, miR‐23b‐3p, miR‐107, miR‐155‐5p, miR‐181a‐5p, miR‐181b‐5p and miR‐320a were up‐regulated in heart failure. Left ventricular filling pressure was negatively correlated with miR‐195, miR‐16, miR‐29b‐3p, miR‐29c‐3p, miR‐451a, and miR‐92a‐3p. The failing heart released let‐7b‐5p, let‐7c‐5p, let‐7e‐5p, miR‐122‐5p, and miR‐21‐5p, and absorbed miR‐16‐5p, miR‐17‐5p, miR‐27a‐3p, miR‐30a‐5p, miR‐30d‐5p, miR‐30e‐5p, miR‐130a‐3p, miR‐140‐5p, miR‐199a‐5p, and miR‐451a. In silico analyses suggest that the transcardiac gradient of microRNAs in heart failure may target pathways related to heart disease.ConclusionWe determined the transcardiac gradient of cardio‐microRNAs in failing hearts, which supports the use of these microRNAs as potential biomarkers. The microRNAs described here may have a role in the pathophysiology of heart failure as they might be involved in pathways related to disease progression, including fibrosis.
Multiscale coupling of compliant and rigid walls blood flow models
Authors: Dobroserdova Tatiana , Olshanskii Maxim , Simakov Sergey 
Published: April 2016

SummaryNumerical methods based on geometrical multiscale models of blood flows solve for averaged flow statistics on a network of vessels while providing more detailed information about fluid dynamics in a specific region of interest. In such an approach, a 3D model based on the Navier–Stokes equations posed in a domain with rigid walls is often used to describe blood flow dynamics in the refined region. While ignoring elasticity effects in 3D models is plausible in certain applications and saves computational time significantly, coupling such models with 1D flow models may result in non‐physiological phenomena in the computed solutions. Thus, the immediate coupling conditions based on continuity of normal stresses, flow rate, pressure, or a combination of thereof do not account for the inconsistency between elasticity effects in the 1D model and the non‐compliance of the 3D model. In this paper, we introduce and study an auxiliary absorbing 0D model, which is placed at the interface between 1D and 3D models. A virtual device mimics the effect of the 3D model compliance and hence reduces pressure wave reflection and instabilities caused by the inconsistency. The absorbing model is developed from basic mechanical principles. As a result, parameters of the 0D model can be designed based on hemodynamic data. We analyze the stability of the geometrical multiscale model and perform several numerical experiments to assess its computational efficiency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EEG‐based brain source localization using visual stimuli
Authors: Jatoi Munsif Ali , Kamel Nidal , Malik Aamir Saeed , Faye Ibrahima , Bornot Jose M. , Begum Tahamina 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTElectroencephalography (EEG) is widely used in variety of research and clinical applications which includes the localization of active brain sources. Brain source localization provides useful information to understand the brain's behavior and cognitive analysis. Various source localization algorithms have been developed to determine the exact locations of the active brain sources due to which electromagnetic activity is generated in brain. These algorithms are based on digital filtering, 3D imaging, array signal processing and Bayesian approaches. According to the spatial resolution provided, the algorithms are categorized as either low resolution methods or high resolution methods. In this research study, EEG data is collected by providing visual stimulus to healthy subjects. FDM is used for head modelling to solve forward problem. The low‐resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) and standardized LORETA (sLORETA) have been used as inverse modelling methods to localize the active regions in the brain during the stimulus provided. The results are produced in the form of MRI images. The tables are also provided to describe the intensity levels for estimated current level for the inverse methods used. The higher current value or intensity level shows the higher electromagnetic activity for a particular source at certain time instant. Thus, the results obtained demonstrate that standardized method which is based on second order Laplacian (sLORETA) in conjunction with finite difference method (FDM) as head modelling technique outperforms other methods in terms of source estimation as it has higher current level and thus, current density (J) for an area as compared to others.
Influence of powdered and granular activated carbon system as a pre‐treatment alternative for membrane filtration of produced water
Authors: Kose‐Mutlu Borte , Ersahin Mustafa Evren , Ozgun Hale , Kaya Recep , Kinaci Cumali , Koyuncu Ismail 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMembrane technology is used for the treatment of produced water enabling high permeate quality to meet discharge standards or potable and irrigation water quality standards. In this study, the effect of hybrid membrane‐activated carbon processes on the performance of nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane systems treating mixed oil and gas field produced water was investigated. Different pre‐treatment alternatives including combinations of microfiltration unit and powdered activated carbon (PAC) or granular activated carbon (GAC) systems were applied prior to nanofiltration and reverse osmosis processes.RESULTSThe activated carbon process increased chemical oxygen demand (COD) and conductivity removal efficiencies due to the organic matter and ion adsorption capacity of activated carbon. PAC addition gave the best removal efficiencies for COD, whereas highest conductivity removals were obtained in studies with GAC addition.CONCLUSIONDifferences obtained in the performance of different pre‐treatment alternatives based on targeted pollutants and membrane characteristics confirmed synergetic/antagonistic effects between pre‐ and final membrane treatment. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Unfolding of membrane ruffles of in situ chondrocytes under compressive loads
Authors: Moo Eng Kuan , Herzog Walter 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTImpact loading results in chondrocyte death. Previous studies implicated high tensile strain rates in chondrocyte membranes as the cause of impact‐induced cell deaths. However, this hypothesis relies on the untested assumption that chondrocyte membranes unfold in vivo during physiological tissue compression, but do not unfold during impact loading. Although membrane unfolding has been observed in isolated chondrocytes during osmotically induced swelling and mechanical compression, it is not known if membrane unfolding also occurs in chondrocytes embedded in their natural extracellular matrix. This study was aimed at quantifying changes in membrane morphology of in situ superficial zone chondrocytes during slow physiological cartilage compression. Bovine cartilage‐bone explants were loaded at 5 μm/s to nominal compressive strains ranging from 0% to 50%. After holding the final strains for 45 min, the loaded cartilage was chemically pre‐fixed for 12 h. The cartilage layer was post‐processed for visualization of cell ultrastructure using electron microscopy. The changes in membrane morphology in superficial zone cells were quantified from planar electron micrographs by measuring the roughness and the complexity of the cell surfaces. Qualitatively, the cell surface ruffles that existed before loading disappeared when cartilage was loaded. Quantitatively, the roughness and complexity of cell surfaces decreased with increasing load magnitudes, suggesting a load‐dependent use of membrane reservoirs. Chondrocyte membranes unfold in a load‐dependent manner when cartilage is compressed. Under physiologically meaningful loading conditions, the cells likely expand their surface through unfolding of the membrane ruffles, and therefore avoid direct stretch of the cell membrane. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:304–310, 2017.