bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Tuberculosis cross infection; in the process of nursing care
Authors: Katanekwa Situmbeko N. , Dahlback Elizabeth 
Published: January 2016

Nosocomial transmission of TB to healthcare workers (HCWs) is an issue of present interest. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization have recommended infection control measures such as respiratory isolation rooms with negative pressure for patients with productive cough and use of personal respiratory protective equipment ,i.e. respirators. Different infection control measures, usually administrative and engineering simultaneously, have been implemented in industrialized countries and resulted in reduced nosocomial tuberculosis transmission, (Jensen PA et al,2005).The implementation of all these measures maybe neither feasible nor cost-effective in resource-limited nations,(Harries AD et al,1997). In particular, engineering measures such as negative pressure isolation rooms with high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters maybe unaffordable. However scientifically proved modifications based on Infection Prevention and Control measures can be applied, and studies have proved their efficacy in resource-limited nations, (Lowbury Lecture, 2007).The study used Scientific Articles to; (1) highlight statistics and prevalence of occupationally contracted TB, (2)Discuss the preventive measures and their efficacy from multidisciplinary perspective and in the nursing care process, in developed and developing countries and (3)Emphasize the use of safe practice in nursing practice.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 9-14
Potential role of apolipoprotein B/A1 ration in obese and non-obese female patients of coronary artery disease
Authors: Mahto Sunita , Sharma Suman Bala , Dwivedi Shridhar , Sethi Mani , Saxena Rahul 
Published: January 2016

Background: Obesity and hyperlipidemia are considered to be risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Many patients who develop coronary artery disease (CAD) are non obese and have normal lipoprotein cholesterol. Assessment of apolipoproteins can improve future risk of cardiovascular complications.Aims and Objectives: We have investigated effect of weight in relation with lipoprotein and apolipoprotein levels as efficient marker of CAD in North Indian females.Materials and Methods: The study population consist of 90 subjects categorized into three groups: Group I: Healthy controls; Group 2: Non obese patients of CAD and Group 3: Obese patients of CAD (n= 30 each group). Serum lipid profile along with apolipoprotein B and A1 were measured and apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio were calculated.Result: Total cholesterol and triglycerides levels were significantly high in obese patients as compared to non-obese and controls. LDL-C and HDL-C were altered insignificantly (p<0.1) in Group 2 and Group 3 as compared to Group 1. Apo B and apo A1 were significantly high in obese and non-obese CAD patients as compared to controls whereas insignificant difference was observed (p<0.1) when Group 3 patients were compared with Group 2. ApoB/Apo A1 ratio was increased significantly (p<0.01)) in patient groups as compared to controls. ­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­Conclusion: Although LDL-C and HDL-C were normal in subjects of CAD, increase in Apo B, A1 and its ratio authenticates the fact that these markers are more efficient in detection of CAD risk in obese and non obese patients than conventional lipid profile parameters.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 18-22
Anticonvulsant activity of Nigella sativa, Aegle marmelos and Benincasa hispida in Pentylenetetrazole induced seizure in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Edavan Puthallath Rejeesh , Joseph Lovelyn , Kademane Kumaraswamy , Narayan Rao Sudarshanram 
Published: January 2016

Aims and Objectives: To test anticonvulsant properties of three medicinal plants with pentylenetetrazole induced seizure test in Swiss albino mice.Materials and Methods: Herbs selected for the work (leaves of Aegle marmelos, seed of Nigella sativa, and fruit of Benincasa hispida) were collected locally from Mangalore, India and were authenticated by a Taxonomist. Aqueous extract of Aegle marmelos leaves (AmAE) and Ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa seeds (NsEE) were prepared by Soxhlet extraction and separated from solvent using a water bath. Benincasa hispidafruit juice (BhE) was filtered and dried on a water bath. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of the test extracts were done with Preliminary chemical reaction tests, and Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Male Swiss albino mice, 3-4 months of age, weighing 25-30g were used in the study. Extracts and vehicle were administered orally 1 hour prior to inducing convulsions. Test employed for screening anticonvulsant properties was Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure test [60mg/kg/i.p]. Animals were treated with extracts at a dose of 900mg/kg orally. The results were compared with control group and test for analysis of variance and significance were done (ANOVA, Dunnett’s test).Results: Aqueousextract of Aeglemarmelos leaves and Ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa seeds possess anticonvulsant property in Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced seizure model, Crude extract of Benincasahispida fruits did not show statistically signifi cant anticonvulsant property.Conclusions: Aeglemarmelos leaf and Nigella sativa seed possess anticonvulsant propertiesin pentylenetetrazole induced seizures, this is in accordance with many other publishedreports on the same herbs with different animal models and indicates effectiveness inhuman absence seizure patients.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 97-102
Clinicopathologic study of breast lumps in Abakaliki, South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Ugwu-Olisa Ogbuanya Aloysius , Nnamdi Anyanwu Stanley , Gregory Nwigwe Chinedu , Festus Iyare 
Published: January 2016

Aims and Objectives: Breast lumps are quite common, but the principal issue is differentiating malignant from the benign sub-groups. The determinants of histologic diagnosis are multifactorial, ranging from environmental, genetic to sex and age-related factors. This study aimed to document the spectrum of breast lumps in our environment.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive prospective analysis of consecutive breast lumps biopsied at Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, between December 2010 to November 2012. The data were analysed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 22.0Results: A total of 302 patients with 359 breast lumps were seen, 298 females and 4 males giving male: female ratio of 1:75.The ages of the patients ranged between 16-82 years with a mean of 37.0 +/- SD 13.0. Majority (56.3%) of the patients had benign lumps. Fibroadenoma was the commonest (33.8%), followed closely by invasive ductal carcinoma (32.8%), then fibrocystic change (17.2%).The occurrence of breast cancer was strongly age-related, being 1 in 5 biopsies at 20-29 years and 3 in 5 biopsies at 40-49 years age groups. Over two-third (69.0%) of 132 patients with breast cancers were premenopausal. Majority (78.8%) of the 132 patients with breast cancer presented with advanced disease. At a median follow up of 9 months,13 (9.8%) and 6(4.5%) of 132 cancer patients developed recurrences and new cancer sites respectively.Conclusion: Most patients with breast complaints present with lumps and majority are benign, fibroadenoma being the commonest histology. Occurrence of breast cancer is strongly age-related with majority of cancer patients presenting late.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 58-64
Evaluation, management and outcome of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma – A five year single center experience
Authors: Puvvada Sandeep , Nayak Arvind K. , Patil Avinash B. , Ramesh D. , Mylarappa Prasad 
Published: January 2016

Aims and Objectives: To review a single centre experience in the evaluation, management and outcome of upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 18 cases over five years from January 2010 to October 2015 with a median follow up of 18 months. Patient characteristics including age, sex, symptoms and signs were reviewed. All patients were evaluated with ultrasound and contrast enhanced computerized tomography. Tumour details including location, laterality, grade and stage was noted based on pathological findings.Results: The mean age of the patients included was 57 years. Most common presentation was haematuria (72%). Most common location of the tumours was renal pelvis (50%), followed by ureter (39%) and tumours in both renal pelvis and ureter in 11%. Concomitant bladder involvement was seen in 17% of the patients. Nephroureterectomy with excision of bladder cuff was the most common surgery performed (78%). 11% of the patients underwent renal sparing surgery and two other patients underwent nephroureterocystoprostatectomy. Morbidity rate was 22% and recurrence was seen in 16% of the patientsConclusion: Transitional cell carcinoma of the upper tract is a rare tumour which is known for its multicentricity and recurrence. . Nephroureterectomy with excision of bladder cuff has been the gold standard for the management, although endosurgical and tumour sparing surgery in selected cases have proven to be equally efficacious. Tumour grade and surgical procedure performed are independent risk factors for recurrence.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 84-88
The accuracy of severity assessment tools designed for community acquired pneumonia among elderly patients with hospital acquired pneumonia
Authors: Rasheedy Doha 
Published: January 2016

Background: Pneumonia severity assessment is an essential initial step in the evaluation of patients with community acquired pneumonia. Many validated severity assessment tools were designed for use in this setting. However, there is no disease based validated scoring system are in use for hospital acquired pneumonia.Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the validity for the use of PSI, CURB-65, and SMART-COP scores in elderly with hospital acquired pneumonia.Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with hospital acquired pneumonia and 41 patients with community acquired pneumonia were assessed using PSI, CURB-65, and SMART-COP scores. Short term outcomes were recorded i.e. in hospital mortality, or 30 days mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation or vasopressor drugs.Results: The 30 day mortality was 66.67% and 41.5% among HAP and CAP patients respectively. In both groups, the patients who died were older than the survivors; they had lower partial pressure of oxygen and Glasgow Coma Scale score. Moreover, they had higher heart rate and higher PSI, CURB 65, and SMART- COP scores. Among patient with community acquired pneumonia survivors had higher serum albumin while among patient with hospital acquired pneumonia, the survivors had lower fasting blood glucose.Conclusion: PSI predicted 30 day mortality and the use of mechanical ventilation but not the use of vasopressor drugs in hospital acquired pneumonia. SMART- COP and CURB 65 predicted the use of vasopressor drugs in this group.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 65-71
Effect of NaHS on carbonic anhydrase activity of human erythrocyte
Authors: Bhakta Abhijit , Bandyopadhyay Maitreyi , Dasgupta Sayantan , Sen Santanu , Kumar Arun , Biswas Utpal Kumar 
Published: January 2016

Background: In contrast to its role as poison, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recently considered as a gaso-transmitter which mediates important physiologic functions in humans. Evidence is accumulating to demonstrate that inhibitors of H2S production or therapeutic H2S donor compounds exert significant effects in various experimental models. Carbonic anhydrases (CA) are a group of zinc-containing metalloenzymes that catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. CAs activity in erythrocytes (CAI and CAII) has recently been observed to be associated with various pathological conditions especially in diabetes mellitus, hypertension and lipid disorders. Alteration of this enzyme activity has been reported by the effect of advanced glycation end products methylglyoxal and reduced glutathione. Aims and Objectives: As H2S, being a mediator of many physiological functions and synthesized in vivo, may affect functions of many intracellular proteins like carbonic anhydrase, the objective of this study is to find out if there is any change in the carbonic anhydrase activity under the effect of H2S- donor NaHS in dose dependant manner using RBC model in vitro.Materials and Methods: Blood sample was collected from forty (40) numbers of healthy volunteers of 18-40 years of in heparin containing vials and packed cells were prepared immediately by centrifugation The packed erythrocytes were washed three times with normal saline and diluted (1:10) with the normal saline. One ml each of diluted packed cells was taken in eight test tubes. Serial dilutions of NaHS (1to 250 µMol/L) was added to all the test tubes except for the first test tube where only normal saline was added and incubated at room temperature for one hour. Haemolysates was prepared from the erythrocytes with equal volume of distilled water in each tube and the CA activity was determined in the haemolysates using standardized method.Results: There is significant increase of CA activity in dose dependent manner under the effect of NaHS and also compared to the activity of hemolysate prepared without NaHS. Conclusions:Our study for the first time demonstrated that the Carbonic Anhydrase activity of erythrocytes is significantly increases by the effect of NaHS and this study reveals some important biological role of H2S and carbonic anhydrase.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 23-27
Rapid diagnosis of neonatal sepsis in Pediatric population in tertiary care hospital, Durg
Authors: Chandrakar Shiv Kumar , Bawankar Smita , Panda Animesh , Chandi Dhruba Hari 
Published: January 2016

Background: In under developing country Septicemia in infants to be of common occurrence with high morbidity & mortality.Aims and Objectives: Detection of rapid method for diagnosis of sepsis in paediatric age groups.Materials and Methods : Clinically suspected 369 cases of Bacteraemia in neonates, infants & children admitted as inpatients at CCM Medical College & Hospital, Durg & 45 healthy children as control were included in the present study. The cases were investigated by blood culture & 5 rapid tests Viz total leucocyte count (TLC), immature to total neutrophil ( I:T) ratio, C – reactive protein (CRP), ESR & Grams smears of Buffy coat for organisms.Results : Blood cultures were positive in 171 (46.34%) of 369 cases and negative organisms was 55.55% as against 44.44% of Gram positive bacteria. The most common isolates were Staph epidermides (24.56%) and Staph aureus (16.37%) with overall staphylococcal prevalence of 40.93% followed by gram negative bacteria, S.typhi (14.61%) E.coli 11.11% & Ps.auroginosa 10.52%.Conclusion : The rapid tests were evaluated in blood culture positive & negative cases CRP yielded maximum sensitivity of 70.76%, Specificity of 76.26% & positive predictive accuracy of 72.02%. Combination of 2 tests did not reveal any significant advantage over single CRP test.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 7(3) 2016 94-96
Erich Przywara et Edith Stein : de l’analogie de l’être à une analogie de la personne
Authors: Tommasi Francesco Valerio 
Published: January 2016

La question de l’analogie – fondamentale pour toute la néoscolastique, de Gilson à Maritain – trouva sa consécration en 1932 dans le fameux Analogia entis d’Erich Przywara. À la suite de l’influence de Przywara, l’analogie a eu un rôle décisif aussi dans la pensée d’Edith Stein. Mais en décrivant la dialectique phénoménologique entre être fini et être éternel Stein confère à l’analogie de l’être une tournure que l’on peut qualifier de « personnelle ». Il s’agit du rapport entre deux « je suis » : le « je suis » humain et créatural et le « je suis » divin. L’analogia entis originelle est donc pour Stein le rapport entre deux personnes.
Fate of an unapproachable sharp metallic foreign body in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Dalai Prakash Chandra , Panda Kedar Nath , Misra Bijay , Agarwal Prakash 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSharp pointed objects carrying a risk of injury and perforation should be removed immediately with a flexible endoscope. In the present case, a 3-year-old boy ingested a sharp pin during a dental procedure. The only complain was mild pain in the throat. Chest X-ray done after 14 h of ingestion revealed a sharp pointed pin in the mid esophagus. On urgent endoscopy, no pin was found, but fluoroscopy (C-arm) image revealed same pin parallel to the endoscope at about 20 cm from incisors. It was planned for video thoracoscopic removal, patient referred to a pediatric surgeon, but, fortunately, the pin passed through stool after 3 days before any intervention.
Hepatogastric fistula: A rare complication of liver abscess
Authors: Anikhindi Shrihari , Ranjan Piyush , Sachdeva Munish , Kumar Mandhir 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRupture of amebic liver abscess into stomach is a rare complication. We report a case of a young male presenting with haematemesis due to a rupture of left lobe amebic liver abscess into stomach. We discuss the diagnosis and management of this rare clinical entity.
A 60-nm-thick enhancement mode In0.65Ga0.35As/InAs/In0.65Ga0.35As high-electron-mobility transistor fabricated using Au/Pt/Ti non-annealed ohmic technology for low-power logic applications
Authors: Fatah Faiz Aizad , Lin Yueh-Chin , Liu Ren-Xuan , Yang Kai-Chun , Lin Tai-We , Hsu Heng-Tung , Yang Jung-Hsiang , Miyamoto Yasuyuki , Iwai Hiroshi , Hu Chenming Calvin , Salahuddin Sayeef , Chang Edward Yi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A 60-nm-thick E-mode In0.65Ga0.35As/InAs/In0.65Ga0.35As high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) was successfully fabricated and evaluated by using Au/Pt/Ti-based non-annealed ohmic technology for high-speed and low-power logic applications. The device exhibited a minimal SS of 69 mV/decade, a lower DIBL of 30 mV/V, an I
ON/I
OFF ratio above 1.2 × 104 at V
DS = 0.5 V and a high f
T of 378 GHz and f
max of 214 GHz at V
DS = 1.0 V. These results demonstrate that non-annealed ohmic contacts can be used for fabricating E-mode In0.65Ga0.35As/InAs/In0.65Ga0.35As HEMTs with excellent electrical characteristics. The fabricated HEMTs are likely to find use in future high-speed and low-power logic applications.
Quantum process of exciton dissociation at organic semiconductor interfaces: Effects of interface roughness and hot exciton
Authors: Iizuka Hideyuki , Nakayama Takashi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Quantum processes of bound exciton dissociation at organic donor/acceptor interfaces were studied by the time-evolution simulation of a wave packet, focusing on the effects of interface roughness and hot excitons. It is shown that the dissociation is remarkably enhanced by the interface roughness that is comparable to the exciton diameter. Moreover, the dissociation probability increases for the hot excitons compared with the ground-state exciton owing to their small binding energies and large diameters.
Generation of fluorescent nanodroplets of liquid crystal utilizing electrospray deposition
Authors: Ohdaira Yasuo , Oka Hisaki , Shinbo Kazunari , Baba Akira , Kato Keizo , Kaneko Futao 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Fluorescent nanodroplets of liquid crystal (LC) were generated by the electrospray deposition of LC solvent containing rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) dye molecules. The shape and density of the nanodroplets strongly depended on the concentration of LC diluted with ethanol solution. The fluorescent spectra from the Rh6G molecules in LC nanodroplets were obviously blue-shifted compared with the LC films of the bulk state. Furthermore, the LC nanodroplets were dispersed on a metallic nanograting formed by optically modifying an azobenzene thin-film layer under the metallic film. The nanodroplets were size-selectively aligned on the metallic nanograting.
Improvement of device performance by using zinc oxide in hybrid organic–inorganic solar cells
Authors: Hayakawa Akinobu , Sagawa Takashi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanopowder was applied to hybrid solar cells in combination with poly(3-hexylthiophene). Stability tests of the hybrid solar cell with or without encapsulation with glass and UV cut-off films were performed under 1 sun at 63 °C at a relative humidity of 50%. It was found that the sealed cell showed worse device performance in terms of the loss of the open-circuit voltage (V
oc), whereas the unsealed cell exposed to air retained an almost constant V
oc for more than 3 d under dark and atmospheric conditions. Placement in O2 atmosphere in the dark led to the recovery of V
oc. Cation (Sn4+) doping into ZnO was performed, and the loss of V
oc was effectively suppressed through the restraint of the supply of the excited electron from the valence band to the conduction band.
Normal distal pulmonary vein anatomy
Authors: Klimek-Piotrowska Wiesława , Hołda Mateusz K. , Piątek Katarzyna , Koziej Mateusz , Hołda Jakub 
Published: January 2016

Background.It is well known that the pulmonary veins (PVs), especially their myocardial sleeves play a critical role in the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation. Understanding the PV anatomy is crucial for the safety and efficacy of all procedures performed on PVs. The aim of this study was to present normal distal PV anatomy and to create a juxtaposition of all PV ostium variants.Methods.A total of 130 randomly selected autopsied adult human hearts (Caucasian) were examined. The number of PVs ostia was evaluated and their diameter was measured. The ostium-to-last-tributary distance and macroscopic presence of myocardial sleeves were also evaluated.Results.Five hundred forty-one PV ostia were identified. Four classical PV ostia patterns (two left and two right PVs) were observed in 70.8% of all cases. The most common variant was the classical pattern with additional middle right PV (19.2%), followed by the common ostium for the left superior and the inferior PVs (4.44%). Mean diameters of PV ostia (for the classical pattern) were: left superior = 13.8 ± 2.9 mm; left inferior = 13.3 ± 3.4 mm; right superior = 14.3 ± 2.9 mm; right inferior = 13.7 ± 3.3 mm. When present, the additional middle right PV ostium had the smallest PV ostium diameter in the heart (8.2 ± 4.1 mm). The mean ostium-to-last-tributary (closest to the atrium) distances were: left superior = 15.1 ± 4.6 mm; left inferior = 13.5 ± 4.0 mm; right superior = 11.8 ± 4.0 mm; right inferior = 11.0 ± 3.7 mm. There were no statistically significant differences between sexes in ostia diameters and ostium-to-last-tributary distances.Conclusion.Only 71% of the cases have four standard pulmonary veins. The middle right pulmonary vein is present in almost 20% of patients. Presented data can provide useful information for the clinicians during interventional procedures or radiologic examinations of PVs.