bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic flow imaging using 320-detector row CT and motion coherence analysis in coronary aneurysms associated with Kawasaki disease
Authors: Shimomiya Yamato , Nagao Michinobu , Yamasaki Yuzo , Shirasaka Takashi , Kondo Masatoshi , Kojima Tsukasa , Nishie Akihiro , Yamamura Kenichiro , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionWe propose a new dynamic flow imaging using 320-detector row CT, and investigate the assessment of coronary flow in aneurysms of Kawasaki disease in adulthood.MethodsSix patients with Kawasaki disease and coronary aneurysms associated (26.7 years old) and six controls were enrolled. Dynamic coronary CT angiography with 320-row CT was continuously performed at mid-diastole throughout 15–25 cardiac cycles with prospective Electrocardiogram gating after injection of contrast media. Dynamic data sets of 15–25 cycles were computed into 90–100 data sets by motion coherence image processing. Next, time–density curves for coronary arteries were calculated for all the phases. On the basis of the maximum slope method, coronary flow index was defined as the ratio of the maximum upslope of the attenuation of coronary arteries to the upslope of the attenuation of ascending aorta on the time–density curves. Coronary flow indexes for the proximal and distal sites of coronary arteries and intra-aneurysm were measured.
Can endurance training improve physical capacity and quality of life in young Fontan patients?
Authors: Hedlund Eva R. , Lundell Bo , Söderström Liselott , Sjöberg Gunnar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveChildren after Fontan palliation have reduced exercise capacity and quality of life. Our aim was to study whether endurance training could improve physical capacity and quality of life in Fontan patients.MethodsFontan patients (n=30) and healthy age- and gender-matched control subjects (n=25) performed a 6-minute walk test at submaximal capacity and a maximal cycle ergometer test. Quality of life was assessed with Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 questionnaires for children and parents. All tests were repeated after a 12-week endurance training programme and after 1 year.ResultsPatients had decreased submaximal and maximal exercise capacity (maximal oxygen uptake 35.0±5.1 ml/minute per·kg versus 43.7±8.4 ml/minute·per·kg, p<0.001) and reported a lower quality of life score (70.9±9.9 versus 85.7±8.0, p<0.001) than controls. After training, patients improved their submaximal exercise capacity in a 6-minute walk test (from 590.7±65.5 m to 611.8±70.9 m, p<0.05) and reported a higher quality of life (p<0.01), but did not improve maximal exercise capacity. At follow-up, submaximal exercise capacity had increased further and improved quality of life was sustained. The controls improved their maximal exercise capacity (p<0.05), but not submaximal exercise capacity or quality of life after training. At follow-up, improvement of maximal exercise capacity was sustained.ConclusionsWe believe that an individualised endurance training programme for Fontan patients improves submaximal exercise capacity and quality of life in Fontan patients and the effect on quality of life appears to be long-lasting.
Decitabine, a DNA-demethylating agent, promotes differentiation via NOTCH1 signaling and alters immune-related pathways in muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Ramakrishnan Swathi , Hu Qiang , Krishnan Nithya , Wang Dan , Smit Evelyn , Granger Victoria , Rak Monika , Attwood Kristopher , Johnson Candace , Morrison Carl , Pili Roberto , Chatta Gurkamal , Guru Khurshid , Gueron Geraldine , McNally Lacey , Wang Jianmin , Woloszynska-Read Anna 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAberrant DNA methylation observed in cancer can provide survival benefits to cells by silencing genes essential for anti-tumor activity. DNA-demethylating agents such as Decitabine (DAC)/Azacitidine (AZA) activate otherwise silenced tumor suppressor genes, alter immune response and epigenetically reprogram tumor cells. In this study, we show that non-cytotoxic nanomolar DAC concentrations modify the bladder cancer transcriptome to activate NOTCH1 at the mRNA and protein level, increase double-stranded RNA sensors and CK5-dependent differentiation. Importantly, DAC treatment increases ICN1 expression (the active intracellular domain of NOTCH1) significantly inhibiting cell proliferation and causing changes in cell size inducing morphological alterations reminiscent of senescence. These changes were not associated with β-galactosidase activity or increased p16 levels, but instead were associated with substantial IL-6 release. Increased IL-6 release was observed in both DAC-treated and ICN1 overexpressing cells as compared to control cells. Exogenous IL-6 expression was associated with a similar enlarged cell morphology that was rescued by the addition of a monoclonal antibody against IL-6. Treatment with DAC, overexpression with ICN1 or addition of exogenous IL-6 showed CK5 reduction, a surrogate marker of differentiation. Overall this study suggests that in MIBC cells, DNA hypomethylation increases NOTCH1 expression and IL-6 release to induce CK5-related differentiation.
Supervised learning in spiking neural networks with FORCE training
Authors: Nicola Wilten , Clopath Claudia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPopulations of neurons display an extraordinary diversity in the behaviors they affect and display. Machine learning techniques have recently emerged that allow us to create networks of model neurons that display behaviors of similar complexity. Here we demonstrate the direct applicability of one such technique, the FORCE method, to spiking neural networks. We train these networks to mimic dynamical systems, classify inputs, and store discrete sequences that correspond to the notes of a song. Finally, we use FORCE training to create two biologically motivated model circuits. One is inspired by the zebra finch and successfully reproduces songbird singing. The second network is motivated by the hippocampus and is trained to store and replay a movie scene. FORCE trained networks reproduce behaviors comparable in complexity to their inspired circuits and yield information not easily obtainable with other techniques, such as behavioral responses to pharmacological manipulations and spike timing statistics.
Interdependent action of KH domain proteins Krr1 and Dim2 drive the 40S platform assembly
Authors: Sturm Miriam , Cheng Jingdong , Baßler Jochen , Beckmann Roland , Hurt Ed 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRibosome biogenesis begins in the nucleolus with the formation of 90S pre-ribosomes, from which pre-40S and pre-60S particles arise that subsequently follow separate maturation pathways. Here, we show how structurally related assembly factors, the KH domain proteins Krr1 and Dim2, participate in ribosome assembly. Initially, Dim2 (Pno1) orchestrates an early step in small subunit biogenesis through its binding to a distinct region of the 90S pre-ribosome. This involves Utp1 of the UTP-B module, and Utp14, an activator of the DEAH-box helicase Dhr1 that catalyzes the removal of U3 snoRNP from the 90S. Following this dismantling reaction, the pre-40S subunit emerges, but Dim2 relocates to the pre-40S platform domain, previously occupied in the 90S by the other KH factor Krr1 through its interaction with Rps14 and the UTP-C module. Our findings show how the structurally related Krr1 and Dim2 can control stepwise ribosome assembly during the 90S-to-pre-40S subunit transition.
Reduced biomass burning emissions reconcile conflicting estimates of the post-2006 atmospheric methane budget
Authors: Worden John R. , Bloom A. Anthony , Pandey Sudhanshu , Jiang Zhe , Worden Helen M. , Walker Thomas W. , Houweling Sander , Röckmann Thomas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSeveral viable but conflicting explanations have been proposed to explain the recent ~8 p.p.b. per year increase in atmospheric methane after 2006, equivalent to net emissions increase of ~25 Tg CH4 per year. A concurrent increase in atmospheric ethane implicates a fossil source; a concurrent decrease in the heavy isotope content of methane points toward a biogenic source, while other studies propose a decrease in the chemical sink (OH). Here we show that biomass burning emissions of methane decreased by 3.7 (±1.4) Tg CH4 per year from the 2001–2007 to the 2008–2014 time periods using satellite measurements of CO and CH4, nearly twice the decrease expected from prior estimates. After updating both the total and isotopic budgets for atmospheric methane with these revised biomass burning emissions (and assuming no change to the chemical sink), we find that fossil fuels contribute between 12–19 Tg CH4 per year to the recent atmospheric methane increase, thus reconciling the isotopic- and ethane-based results.
NAIP/NLRC4 inflammasome activation in MRP8+ cells is sufficient to cause systemic inflammatory disease
Authors: Nichols Randilea D. , von Moltke Jakob , Vance Russell E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein complexes that initiate protective immunity in response to infection, and can also drive auto-inflammatory diseases, but the cell types and signalling pathways that cause these diseases remain poorly understood. Inflammasomes are broadly expressed in haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cells and can trigger numerous downstream responses including production of IL-1β, IL-18, eicosanoids and pyroptotic cell death. Here we show a mouse model with endogenous NLRC4 inflammasome activation in Lysozyme2+ cells (monocytes, macrophages and neutrophils) in vivo exhibits a severe systemic inflammatory disease, reminiscent of human patients that carry mutant auto-active NLRC4 alleles. Interestingly, specific NLRC4 activation in Mrp8+ cells (primarily neutrophil lineage) is sufficient to cause severe inflammatory disease. Disease is ameliorated on an Asc−/− background, and can be suppressed by injections of anti-IL-1 receptor antibody. Our results provide insight into the mechanisms by which NLRC4 inflammasome activation mediates auto-inflammatory disease in vivo.
Transient two-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy of an operating molecular machine
Authors: Panman Matthijs R. , van Dijk Chris N. , Huerta-Viga Adriana , Sanders Hans J. , Bakker Bert H. , Leigh David A. , Brouwer Albert M. , Buma Wybren Jan , Woutersen Sander 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSynthetic molecular machines are promising building blocks for future nanoscopic devices. However, the details of their mechanical behaviour are in many cases still largely unknown. A deeper understanding of mechanics at the molecular level is essential for the design and construction of complex nanodevices. Here, we show that transient two-dimensional infrared (T2DIR) spectroscopy makes it possible to monitor the conformational changes of a translational molecular machine during its operation. Translation of a macrocyclic ring from one station to another on a molecular thread is initiated by a UV pulse. The arrival of the shuttling macrocycle at the final station is visible from a newly appearing cross peak between these two moieties. To eliminate spectral congestion in the T2DIR spectra, we use a subtraction method applicable to many other complex molecular systems. The T2DIR spectra indicate that the macrocycle adopts a boat-like conformation at the final station, which contrasts with the chair-like conformation at the initial station.
PCH1 and PCHL promote photomorphogenesis in plants by controlling phytochrome B dark reversion
Authors: Enderle Beatrix , Sheerin David J. , Paik Inyup , Kathare Praveen Kumar , Schwenk Philipp , Klose Cornelia , Ulbrich Maximilian H. , Huq Enamul , Hiltbrunner Andreas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPhytochrome B (phyB) is the primary red light photoreceptor in plants, and regulates both growth and development. The relative levels of phyB in the active state are determined by the light conditions, such as direct sunlight or shade, but are also affected by light-independent dark reversion. Dark reversion is a temperature-dependent thermal relaxation process, by which phyB reverts from the active to the inactive state. Here, we show that the homologous phyB-binding proteins PCH1 and PCHL suppress phyB dark reversion, resulting in plants with dramatically enhanced light sensitivity. Moreover, far-red and blue light upregulate the expression of PCH1 and PCHL in a phyB independent manner, thereby increasing the response to red light perceived by phyB. PCH1 and PCHL therefore provide a node for the molecular integration of different light qualities by regulation of phyB dark reversion, allowing plants to adapt growth and development to the ambient environment.
Transcriptional signatures of schizophrenia in hiPSC-derived NPCs and neurons are concordant with post-mortem adult brains
Authors: Hoffman Gabriel E. , Hartley Brigham J. , Flaherty Erin , Ladran Ian , Gochman Peter , Ruderfer Douglas M. , Stahl Eli A. , Rapoport Judith , Sklar Pamela , Brennand Kristen J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe power of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-based studies to resolve the smaller effects of common variants within the size of cohorts that can be realistically assembled remains uncertain. We identified and accounted for a variety of technical and biological sources of variation in a large case/control schizophrenia (SZ) hiPSC-derived cohort of neural progenitor cells and neurons. Reducing the stochastic effects of the differentiation process by correcting for cell type composition boosted the SZ signal and increased the concordance with post-mortem data sets. We predict a growing convergence between hiPSC and post-mortem studies as both approaches expand to larger cohort sizes. For studies of complex genetic disorders, to maximize the power of hiPSC cohorts currently feasible, in most cases and whenever possible, we recommend expanding the number of individuals even at the expense of the number of replicate hiPSC clones.
Impact of grain boundaries on efficiency and stability of organic-inorganic trihalide perovskites
Authors: Chu Zhaodong , Yang Mengjin , Schulz Philip , Wu Di , Ma Xin , Seifert Edward , Sun Liuyang , Li Xiaoqin , Zhu Kai , Lai Keji 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOrganic–inorganic perovskite solar cells have attracted tremendous attention because of their remarkably high power conversion efficiencies. To further improve device performance, it is imperative to obtain fundamental understandings on the photo-response and long-term stability down to the microscopic level. Here, we report the quantitative nanoscale photoconductivity imaging on two methylammonium lead triiodide thin films with different efficiencies by light-stimulated microwave impedance microscopy. The microwave signals are largely uniform across grains and grain boundaries, suggesting that microstructures do not lead to strong spatial variations of the intrinsic photo-response. In contrast, the measured photoconductivity and lifetime are strongly affected by bulk properties such as the sample crystallinity. As visualized by the spatial evolution of local photoconductivity, the degradation process begins with the disintegration of grains rather than nucleation and propagation from visible boundaries between grains. Our findings provide insights to improve the electro-optical properties of perovskite thin films towards large-scale commercialization.
Contributions of changes in climatology and perturbation and the resulting nonlinearity to regional climate change
Authors: Adachi Sachiho A. , Nishizawa Seiya , Yoshida Ryuji , Yamaura Tsuyoshi , Ando Kazuto , Yashiro Hisashi , Kajikawa Yoshiyuki , Tomita Hirofumi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFuture changes in large-scale climatology and perturbation may have different impacts on regional climate change. It is important to understand the impacts of climatology and perturbation in terms of both thermodynamic and dynamic changes. Although many studies have investigated the influence of climatology changes on regional climate, the significance of perturbation changes is still debated. The nonlinear effect of these two changes is also unknown. We propose a systematic procedure that extracts the influences of three factors: changes in climatology, changes in perturbation and the resulting nonlinear effect. We then demonstrate the usefulness of the procedure, applying it to future changes in precipitation. All three factors have the same degree of influence, especially for extreme rainfall events. Thus, regional climate assessments should consider not only the climatology change but also the perturbation change and their nonlinearity. This procedure can advance interpretations of future regional climates.
The HIV co-receptor CCR5 regulates osteoclast function
Authors: Lee Ji-Won , Hoshino Akiyoshi , Inoue Kazuki , Saitou Takashi , Uehara Shunsuke , Kobayashi Yasuhiro , Ueha Satoshi , Matsushima Kouji , Yamaguchi Akira , Imai Yuuki , Iimura Tadahiro 
Published: December 2017

AbstractC–C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a co-receptor of HIV. Epidemiological findings suggest that the functional loss of CCR5 is correlated with a lower incidence of bone-destructive diseases as well as of HIV transmission. However, it is not clear whether CCR5 is involved in regulation of the function of bone cells, in addition to that of immune cells. Here we show that blockade of CCR5 using specific antibodies impairs human osteoclast function in vitro. Ccr5-deficient (Ccr5
−/−
) mice presented with dysfunctional osteoclasts and were resistant to osteoporosis induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), which triggers osteoporosis independently of inflammatory and immunomodulatory pathways. Furthermore, Ccr5 deficiency impairs the cellular locomotion and bone-resorption activity of osteoclasts, which is associated with the disarrangement of podosomes and adhesion complex molecules including Pyk2. Overall, the data provides evidence that CCR5 has an essential role in bone-destructive conditions through the functional regulation of osteoclasts.
A two-dimensional ON/OFF switching device based on anisotropic interactions of atomic quantum dots on Si(100):H
Authors: Yengui Mayssa , Duverger Eric , Sonnet Philippe , Riedel Damien 
Published: December 2017

AbstractControlling the properties of quantum dots at the atomic scale, such as dangling bonds, is a general motivation as they allow studying various nanoscale processes including atomic switches, charge storage, or low binding energy state interactions. Adjusting the coupling of individual silicon dangling bonds to form a 2D device having a defined function remains a challenge. Here, we exploit the anisotropic interactions between silicon dangling bonds on n-type doped Si(100):H surface to tune their hybridization. This process arises from interactions between the subsurface silicon network and dangling bonds inducing a combination of Jahn–Teller distortions and local charge ordering. A three-pointed star-shaped device prototype is designed. By changing the charge state of this device, its electronic properties are shown to switch reversibly from an ON to an OFF state via local change of its central gap. Our results provide a playground for the study of quantum information at the nanoscale.
Brd4 binds to active enhancers to control cell identity gene induction in adipogenesis and myogenesis
Authors: Lee Ji-Eun , Park Young-Kwon , Park Sarah , Jang Younghoon , Waring Nicholas , Dey Anup , Ozato Keiko , Lai Binbin , Peng Weiqun , Ge Kai 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe epigenomic reader Brd4 is an important drug target for cancers. However, its role in cell differentiation and animal development remains largely unclear. Using two conditional knockout mouse strains and derived cells, we demonstrate that Brd4 controls cell identity gene induction and is essential for adipogenesis and myogenesis. Brd4 co-localizes with lineage-determining transcription factors (LDTFs) on active enhancers during differentiation. LDTFs coordinate with H3K4 mono-methyltransferases MLL3/MLL4 (KMT2C/KMT2D) and H3K27 acetyltransferases CBP/p300 to recruit Brd4 to enhancers activated during differentiation. Brd4 deletion prevents the enrichment of Mediator and RNA polymerase II transcription machinery, but not that of LDTFs, MLL3/MLL4-mediated H3K4me1, and CBP/p300-mediated H3K27ac, on enhancers. Consequently, Brd4 deletion prevents enhancer RNA production, cell identity gene induction and cell differentiation. Interestingly, Brd4 is dispensable for maintaining cell identity genes in differentiated cells. These findings identify Brd4 as an enhancer epigenomic reader that links active enhancers with cell identity gene induction in differentiation.
Electromigration Mechanism of Failure in Flip-Chip Solder Joints Based on Discrete Void Formation
Authors: Chang Yuan-Wei , Cheng Yin , Helfen Lukas , Xu Feng , Tian Tian , Scheel Mario , Di Michiel Marco , Chen Chih , Tu King-Ning , Baumbach Tilo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this investigation, SnAgCu and SN100C solders were electromigration (EM) tested, and the 3D laminography imaging technique was employed forin-situobservation of the microstructure evolution during testing. We found that discrete voids nucleate, grow and coalesce along the intermetallic compound/solder interface during EM testing. A systematic analysis yields quantitative information on the number, volume, and growth rate of voids, and the EM parameter of DZ*. We observe that fast intrinsic diffusion in SnAgCu solder causes void growth and coalescence, while in the SN100C solder this coalescence was not significant. To deduce the current density distribution, finite-element models were constructed on the basis of the laminography images. The discrete voids do not change the global current density distribution, but they induce the local current crowding around the voids: this local current crowding enhances the lateral void growth and coalescence. The correlation between the current density and the probability of void formation indicates that a threshold current density exists for the activation of void formation. There is a significant increase in the probability of void formation when the current density exceeds half of the maximum value.
The importance of filamentous cyanobacteria in the development of oxygenic photogranules
Authors: Milferstedt Kim , Kuo-Dahab W. Camilla , Butler Caitlyn S. , Hamelin Jérôme , Abouhend Ahmed S. , Stauch-White Kristie , McNair Adam , Watt Christopher , Carbajal-González Blanca I. , Dolan Sona , Park Chul 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMicroorganisms often respond to their environment by growing as densely packed communities in biofilms, flocs or granules. One major advantage of life in these aggregates is the retention of its community in an ecosystem despite flowing water. We describe here a novel type of granule dominated by filamentous and motile cyanobacteria of the order Oscillatoriales. These bacteria form a mat-like photoactive outer layer around an otherwise unconsolidated core. The spatial organization of the phototrophic layer resembles microbial mats growing on sediments but is spherical. We describe the production of these oxygenic photogranules under static batch conditions, as well as in turbulently mixed bioreactors. Photogranulation defies typically postulated requirements for granulation in biotechnology, i.e., the need for hydrodynamic shear and selective washout. Photogranulation as described here is a robust phenomenon with respect to inoculum characteristics and environmental parameters like carbon sources. A bioprocess using oxygenic photogranules is an attractive candidate for energy-positive wastewater treatment as it biologically couples CO2 and O2 fluxes. As a result, the external supply of oxygen may become obsolete and otherwise released CO2 is fixed by photosynthesis for the production of an organic-rich biofeedstock as a renewable energy source.