bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Müller glial microRNAs are required for the maintenance of glial homeostasis and retinal architecture
Authors: Wohl Stefanie G. , Jorstad Nikolas L. , Levine Edward M. , Reh Thomas A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTo better understand the roles of microRNAs in glial function, we used a conditional deletion of Dicer1 (Dicer-CKOMG) in retinal Müller glia (MG). Dicer1 deletion from the MG leads to an abnormal migration of the cells as early as 1 month after the deletion. By 6 months after Dicer1 deletion, the MG form large aggregations and severely disrupt normal retinal architecture and function. The most highly upregulated gene in the Dicer-CKOMG MG is the proteoglycan Brevican (Bcan) and overexpression of Bcan results in similar aggregations of the MG in wild-type retina. One potential microRNA that regulates Bcan is miR-9, and overexpression of miR-9 can partly rescue the effects of Dicer1 deletion on the MG phenotype. We also find that MG from retinitis pigmentosa patients display an increase in Brevican immunoreactivity at sites of MG aggregation, linking the retinal remodeling that occurs in chronic disease with microRNAs.
Atomic resolution snapshot of Leishmania ribosome inhibition by the aminoglycoside paromomycin
Authors: Shalev-Benami Moran , Zhang Yan , Rozenberg Haim , Nobe Yuko , Taoka Masato , Matzov Donna , Zimmerman Ella , Bashan Anat , Isobe Toshiaki , Jaffe Charles L. , Yonath Ada , Skiniotis Georgios 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLeishmania is a single-celled eukaryotic parasite afflicting millions of humans worldwide, with current therapies limited to a poor selection of drugs that mostly target elements in the parasite’s cell envelope. Here we determined the atomic resolution electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the Leishmania ribosome in complex with paromomycin (PAR), a highly potent compound recently approved for treatment of the fatal visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The structure reveals the mechanism by which the drug induces its deleterious effects on the parasite. We further show that PAR interferes with several aspects of cytosolic translation, thus highlighting the cytosolic rather than the mitochondrial ribosome as the primary drug target. The results also highlight unique as well as conserved elements in the PAR-binding pocket that can serve as hotspots for the development of novel therapeutics.
Lexical processing of Chinese sub-character components: Semantic activation of phonetic radicals as revealed by the Stroop effect
Authors: Yeh Su-Ling , Chou Wei-Lun , Ho Pokuan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMost Chinese characters are compounds consisting of a semantic radical indicating semantic category and a phonetic radical cuing the pronunciation of the character. Controversy surrounds whether radicals also go through the same lexical processing as characters and, critically, whether phonetic radicals involve semantic activation since they can also be characters when standing alone. Here we examined these issues using the Stroop task whereby participants responded to the ink color of the character. The key finding was that Stroop effects were found when the character itself had a meaning unrelated to color, but contained a color name phonetic radical (e.g., "Image missing" “guess”, with the phonetic radical "Image missing" “cyan”, on the right) or had a meaning associated with color (e.g., "Image missing" “pity”, with the phonetic radical "Image missing" “blood” on the right which has a meaning related to “red”). Such Stroop effects from the phonetic radical within a character unrelated to color support that Chinese character recognition involves decomposition of characters into their constituent radicals; with each of their meanings including phonetic radicals activated independently, even though it would inevitably interfere with that of the whole character. Compared with the morphological decomposition in English whereby the semantics of the morphemes are not necessarily activated, the unavoidable semantic activation of phonetic radicals represents a unique feature in Chinese character processing.
Comprehensive functional enrichment analysis of male infertility
Authors: Razavi Seyed Morteza , Sabbaghian Marjan , Jalili Mahdi , Divsalar Adeleh , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Salehzadeh-Yazdi Ali 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSpermatogenesis is a multifactorial process that forms differentiated sperm cells in a complex microenvironment. This process involves the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, and proteome to ensure the stability of the spermatogonia and supporting cells. The identification of signaling pathways linked to infertility has been hampered by the inherent complexity and multifactorial aspects of spermatogenesis. Systems biology is a promising approach to unveil underlying signaling pathways and genes and identify putative biomarkers. In this study, we analyzed thirteen microarray libraries of infertile humans and mice, and different classes of male infertility were compared using differentially expressed genes and functional enrichment analysis. We found regulatory processes, immune response, glutathione transferase and muscle tissue development to be among the most common biological processes in up-regulated genes, and genes involved in spermatogenesis were down-regulated in maturation arrest (MArrest) and oligospermia cases. We also observed the overexpression of genes involved in steroid metabolism in post-meiotic and meiotic arrest. Furthermore, we found that the infertile mouse model most similar to human MArrest was the Dazap1 mutant mouse. The results of this study could help elucidate features of infertility etiology and provide the basis for diagnostic markers.
Artificial topography changes the growth strategy of Spartina alterniflora, case study with wave exposure as a comparison
Authors: Hong Hualong , Dai Minyue , Lu Haoliang , Liu Jingchun , Zhang Jie , Chen Chaoqi , Xia Kang , Yan Chongling 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper reports findings about the growth ofSpartina alterniflora(Loisel.) near an engineered coastal protection defences to discover the potential influences on vegetation growth from the artificial topography. Impacts of the artificial topography on the sediment element composition were detected by comparing the fixed effects caused by artificial topography and wave exposure using linear mixed models. Surficial sediments under the impacts of artificial topography contain elevated levels of biogenic elements and heavy metals, including C (and organic carbon), N, S, Al, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb. The results showed that element enrichment caused by artificial topography reduced the vegetation sexual reproduction. Contrary to the potential inhibition caused by direct wave exposure, which was due to the biomass accumulation limit, the inhibition caused by artificial topography was related to the transition of growth strategy. The contents of Cu, Mn, N, Ni, S and As in the sediments were critical in considering the relationship between the change in the sediment element composition and the alteration in the plant growth. Our study emphasizes the importance of rethinking the impacts of coastal development projects, especially regarding the heterogeneity of sediment element composition and its ecological consequences.
Exemplar Variability Facilitates Retention of Word Learning by Children With Specific Language Impairment
Authors: Aguilar Jessica M. , Plante Elena , Sandoval Michelle 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Variability in the input plays an important role in language learning. The current study examined the role of object variability for new word learning by preschoolers with specific language impairment (SLI).

Method
Eighteen 4- and 5-year-old children with SLI were taught 8 new words in 3 short activities over the course of 3 sessions. Half of the children saw 3 identical objects corresponding to each new word during training (No Variability group); the other half of the children saw 3 different objects corresponding to each new word during training (High Variability group). Children completed vocabulary learning tests for objects seen during training and for new within-category objects that were never seen during training as a test of category generalization. Learning was assessed the day after each training activity, and retention was assessed 3 weeks after the last training session.

Results
There were no group differences on trained or generalization items immediately following training sessions. However, children in the High Variability group demonstrated significantly better retention 3 weeks after experimental training.

Conclusion
These findings demonstrate that object variability facilitates retention of new word learning by children with SLI.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5583979
The Value of Implementing Multidisciplinary Perinatal Care Conference in the Private Practice Setting
Authors: Johnston Robert , Haeri Sina , Hale Richard , Lindsley William , McCormick Annette , Su Eric 
Published: November 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to estimate the impact of multidisciplinary (Multi-D) perinatal care conference (PCC) implementation in the private practice setting.
Methods After the initial 12-month period following implementation of the monthly PCC by private maternal–fetal medicine and neonatology practitioners, conference attendees were asked to completed a modified version of the Attitudes Toward Health Care Teams Scale, involving 19 questions assessing their attitudes and opinions toward Multi-D team care on a five-point Likert's scale.
Results Of the 51 average attendees to the PCC, 82.3% completed the survey. A majority of respondents agreed that Multi-D team care resulted in improved care for patients and family, was not overly complex to coordinate, and resulted in significant job satisfaction and improved medical knowledge.
Conclusion Multi-D care is an effective approach to the complicated needs of maternal–fetal medicine patients which may lead to improved patient and family outcomes, high provider satisfaction, and can easily be implemented and utilized within a private practice or community hospital setting.
Nasenmuscheloperation: Welche olfaktorischen Leistungen werden eingeschränkt
Authors: Laudien Martin 
Published: November 2017

Konstantinidis I et al. Intranasal trigeminal function in patients with empty nose syndrome. Laryngoscope 2017;127: 1263–1267
Das trigeminale System vermittelt die Wahrnehmung des nasalen Luftflusses. Eine griechische Arbeitsgruppe hat nun in einer Studie untersucht,
inwieweit bei „Syndrom der leeren Nase“-Patienten (Empty Nose Syndrome, ENS) die geschädigte intranasale Trigeminusfunktion Teil einer
paradoxen Nasenatmungsbehinderung ist.
Bioresorbierbare Scaffolds – Therapiekonzept mit Zukunft?
Authors: Rottländer Dennis , Degen Hubertus , Haude Michael 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDrug eluting Stents (DES) sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Effektivität und Sicherheit die Standardtherapie im Rahmen der perkutanen Koronarintervention. Bioresorbierbare Scaffolds (BRS) bestehen aus einem resorbierbaren Grundgerüst und einer antiproliferativen Beschichtung. Sie wurden mit dem Ziel der Wiederherstellung der Gefäßintegrität und Vasomotion konzipiert. Die aktuellen Daten zum Absorb-BRS weisen jedoch auf vermehrte Sicherheits- (Thrombosen) und Effizienzlimitationen (Revaskularisationen) im Vergleich zu DES hin. Ein routinemäßiger Einsatz von BRS im Rahmen der PCI kann aktuell nicht empfohlen werden. Eine individuelle Indikationsstellung unter Abwägung der potenziellen Vorteile und Risiken sollte vor Implantation eines BRS erfolgen. Eine Weiterentwicklung der Technologie mit dünneren Streben und besseren mechanischen Eigenschaften könnten diese Limitationen allerdings überwinden und den Stellenwert der BRS neu definieren.
Feasibility, safety, and diagnostic yield of the Extra Wide Angle View (EWAVE) colonoscope for the detection of colorectal lesions
Authors: Bronzwaer Maxime , Dekker Evelien , Weingart Vincens , Groth Stefan , Pioche Mathieu , Rivory Jérôme , Beyna Torsten , Neuhaus Horst , Ponchon Thierry , Allescher Hans , Fockens Paul , Rösch Thomas 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background and study aims The adenoma detection rate (ADR) of conventional colonoscopy can still be improved. We conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study to assess the feasibility, safety, and diagnostic yield of the Extra Wide Angle View (EWAVE) colonoscope, which offers a 235° view obtained from a forward-viewing and two lateral backward-viewing lenses incorporated into one image.
Patients and methods The study was performed between November 2015 and June 2016. EWAVE colonoscopy was performed in patients with an increased risk of colorectal cancer by experienced and EWAVE-trained endoscopists (≥ 500 colonoscopies, ≥ 10 with the EWAVE system).
Results A total of 193 patients underwent EWAVE colonoscopy. The cecal intubation rate was 97.4 %. EWAVE colonoscopy had a polyp detection rate (PDR) of 61.1 % (118 /193), ADR of 39.9 % (77 /193), and advanced ADR of 13.5 % (26 /193). No adverse events occurred.
Conclusions EWAVE colonoscopy is feasible and safe. The ADR appears comparable to those achieved with conventional colonoscopes in similar patient populations. To further elucidate the additional benefits of wide-angle-view colonoscopes, randomized trials would be required. Clinical trials registration number: NTR4536 (www.trialregister.nl)
The Gothic bet: Riccardo Freda’s I vampiri (1957) and the birth of Italian horror cinema from an industrial perspective
Authors: Guarneri Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractScholars tend to agree on Riccardo Freda’s I vampiri (1957) being the first Italian horror film. Indeed, prior to Freda’s Paris-set Gothic potboiler, which mixes the Erzsébet Báthory legend with the Frankenstein myth, no horror movie proper seems to have been made in Italy. Drawing from a series of interviews given by the director over the years, the existing literature about Italian horror cinema conceives of I vampiri as a film appearing out of the blue, born on the fly because of an alleged bet and shot at breakneck speed in a couple of weeks. Freda’s use of the word “bet” in these interviews, and the film’s meagre returns at the domestic box-office, have led academics to see I vampiri as an epically brave, if commercially unsuccessful, challenge to the dominant taste—an experiment carried out by inventive yet unlucky pioneers, skilled artisans too ahead of their time. Resultantly, a great deal has been written about “the supposedly non-industrial quality” of Italian horror movies, “which apparently relied only on the craftsmanship of talented directors” (Di Chiara, 2016, p 30), such as Freda, Mario Bava and Antonio Margheriti. By revisiting Freda’s often-quoted anecdotes about the extemporaneous genesis of I vampiri in the light of the film’s production and distribution data preserved at the Archivio Centrale dello Stato in Rome, the present article seeks to shift the focus of discussion from the ‘Great Men’ to the broader economic, political and cultural context in which I vampiri was manufactured. The article reveals that it was the very nature of the post-war Italian film industry as regulated by the Christian-Democrat laws of 1949 that allowed Freda and his producers Ermanno Donati, Luigi Carpentieri and Goffredo Lombardo to place their bet on an unprecedented ‘Gothic made in Italy’. By adopting this materialistic approach, Freda’s experiment in terror ultimately emerges as a minor, low-risk speculation, and a market test confirming a long-standing Italian bias against home-grown horror narratives, to the point that it is more appropriate to consider Terence Fisher’s Dracula (1958) as the ‘originary film’ of Italian horror cinema.
Socioeconomic status and genetic influences on cognitive development
Authors: Figlio David N. , Freese Jeremy , Karbownik Krzysztof , Roth Jeffrey 
Published: November 2017

Significance
A prominent hypothesis in the study of intelligence is that genetic influences on cognitive abilities are larger for children raised in more advantaged environments. Evidence to date has been mixed, with some indication that the hypothesized pattern may hold in the United States but not elsewhere. We conducted the largest study to date using matched birth and school administrative records from the socioeconomically diverse state of Florida, and we did not find evidence for the hypothesis.
RSK2 phosphorylates T-bet to attenuate colon cancer metastasis and growth
Authors: Yao Ke , Peng Cong , Zhang Yuwen , Zykova Tatyana A. , Lee Mee-Hyun , Lee Sung-Young , Rao Enyu , Chen Hanyong , Ryu Joohyun , Wang Lei , Zhang Yi , Gao Ge , He Wei , Ma Wei-Ya , Liu Kangdong , Bode Ann M. , Dong Ziming , Li Bing , Dong Zigang 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Many patients with colorectal cancer die because of metastases in distant organs such as the liver and lungs, rather than from the primary tumor. A better molecular understanding of colorectal cancer has allowed for improved patient prognosis and the launching of precision medicine for treating metastatic colorectal cancer. Here we demonstrate that a deficiency of ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2) can result in dramatically decreased IFNγ secretion through an inappropriate phosphorylation status of T-bet, a modulator of IFNγ expression. Decreased IFNγ levels can lead to immune suppression, accelerating colon cancer-mediated liver and lung metastasis. We found that RSK2-mediated phosphorylation of T-bet at serines 498 and 502 is required for the inhibition of colon cancer metastasis and growth, through a positive regulation of RSK2/T-bet/IFNγ signaling.
Mechanism of SOA formation determines magnitude of radiative effects
Authors: Zhu Jialei , Penner Joyce E. , Lin Guangxing , Zhou Cheng , Xu Li , Zhuang Bingliang 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) forms via a variety of processes and plays a key role in climate change and air quality. Recent measurements indicate that most SOA exists as an internal mixture with other aerosols. This study examines the radiative effect of using a mixing state for SOA that depends on the process of formation, based on an explicit mechanism for the chemical production of SOA. The radiative forcing of SOA in the future is estimated using this approach. A surprising result is that the contribution of SOA to radiative forcing increases substantially (becomes more negative) in the future even though the increase of its burden is slight.
Adaptive benefits from small mutation supplies in an antibiotic resistance enzyme
Authors: Salverda Merijn L. M. , Koomen Jeroen , Koopmanschap Bertha , Zwart Mark P. , de Visser J. Arjan G. M. 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Breeding protocols in biotechnology focus on fast short-term responses by selecting extreme phenotypes from maximally diverse pools of heritable variants. However, when interactions among alleles are unpredictable, optimizing long-term responses may require intermediate stages with low or modest improvement. By subjecting mutant libraries of an antibiotic-degrading enzyme of different sizes to selection with a new antibiotic, we find support for this prediction: despite slower initial improvement due to limited genetic variation, the final alleles from two small libraries reached the highest antibiotic-resistance levels overall due to a broader exploration of the adaptive landscape. Our results present a cautionary tale for “greedy” adaptation protocols in biotechnology and call for quantitative data on mutation supplies in the clinical evolution of antibiotic resistance.
Closed-loop control of targeted ultrasound drug delivery across the blood–brain/tumor barriers in a rat glioma model
Authors: Sun Tao , Zhang Yongzhi , Power Chanikarn , Alexander Phillip M. , Sutton Jonathan T. , Aryal Muna , Vykhodtseva Natalia , Miller Eric L. , McDannold Nathan J. 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Focused ultrasound is currently the only method of reversible blood–brain barrier disruption for targeted drug delivery without incision or radiation. A significant challenge for its clinical translation is a lack of reliable real-time treatment control. Here a closed-loop, real-time control paradigm is shown capable of sustaining stable microbubble oscillations at a preset level while minimizing microbubble behavior that may result in vascular damage. Tested at clinically relevant frequency in healthy and tumor-bearing rats, our approach enables targeted delivery of predefined drug concentrations within a therapeutically effective range in both normal tissue and glioma, while maintaining a safe exposure level. It can be readily implemented clinically for delivering chemotherapeutics or other agents and potentially applied to other cavitation-enhanced ultrasound therapies.
Matter wave speckle observed in an out-of-equilibrium quantum fluid
Authors: Tavares Pedro E. S. , Fritsch Amilson R. , Telles Gustavo D. , Hussein Mahir S. , Impens François , Kaiser Robin , Bagnato Vanderlei S. 
Published: November 2017

Significance
In recent years, significant progress concerning matter–wave creation and manipulation has been achieved. Fresnel diffraction, atom lasers, and nonlinear matter wave phenomena are just a few examples of recent interesting research topics. There have also been numerous studies related to the propagation of matter waves interacting with disordered potentials, but not as many concerning the disorder existing into the matter wave itself. In the present study, we analyze the disorder imprinted into a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) and its characteristic spatial evolution afterward. We performed careful analyses and traced a few analogies that led us to the conclusion that the perturbed BECs evolve very much in a speckle-like manner, in close analogy with a traveling-light (optical) speckle.
Correlating kinetic and structural data on ubiquinone binding and reduction by respiratory complex I
Authors: Fedor Justin G. , Jones Andrew J. Y. , Di Luca Andrea , Kaila Ville R. I. , Hirst Judy 
Published: November 2017

Significance
Respiratory complex I, a redox-coupled proton pumping enzyme, is central to aerobic metabolism in mammalian mitochondria and implicated in many neuromuscular disorders. One of its substrates, ubiquinone-10, binds in an unusually long and narrow channel, which is at the intersection of the enzyme’s electron and proton transfer modules and a hotspot for disease-causing mutations. Here, we use a minimal, self-assembled respiratory chain to study complex I catalyzing with ubiquinones of different isoprenoid chain lengths. We show that the channel enhances the affinity of long-chain quinones, assists in their transfer along the channel, and organizes them for product release. Finally, we discuss how efficient binding and dissociation processes may help to link redox catalysis to proton pumping for energy conversion.
Normalized value coding explains dynamic adaptation in the human valuation process
Authors: Khaw Mel W. , Glimcher Paul W. , Louie Kenway 
Published: November 2017

SignificanceRelative processing is a ubiquitous feature of neural and cognitive function. In perception, a prominent example of relative processing is adaptation, in which both sensory neural responses and resulting percepts depend on the history of past stimuli. Neurons in decision-related brain areas also adapt, representing value information relative to previous rewards, but whether adaptive value coding affects behavior is unknown. Here, we show adaptation in the subjective valuation process of human subjects, with values consistently dependent on the recent history of presented values. This adaptive valuation can be explained by divisive normalization, a canonical neural computation widely observed in sensory processing, offering a unifying biological mechanism for temporal context effects in perception and decision making.