bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-temperature furnace for in situ GISAXS studies
Authors: da Silva Costa Daniel , Meredyk Vinicius , Zanoni Julia , Junior Ari Ribeiro , Martynetz Igor Tauscher , Kellermann Guinther 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A high-temperature furnace was constructed to perform in situ grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) experiments at high temperatures for isothermal studies. The furnace consists of two interconnected chambers: (i) a main chamber housing the heating elements, where the sample is inserted during GISAXS measurements, and (ii) a pre-chamber where the sample is maintained near room temperature until the temperature in the main chamber reaches the pre-selected value. The two-chamber design allows a rapid increase of the sample temperature and avoids the sample overheating, conditions desirable for studies of the formation and growth of nanoparticles under isothermal annealing. In a practical application, the furnace was used to investigate the kinetics of the formation of NiSi2 silicide nanocrystals endotaxially grown in Si(001) wafers. This experiment allowed us to gain insights into the growth process and evaluate the performance of the furnace for in situ GISAXS studies. The high-temperature furnace provides a robust tool for studying the effect of annealing temperature on the kinetics of the growth of nanoparticles in thermally activated processes with special advantages in studies in which isothermal conditions are required.
Intelligent road surface state recognition method based on multi-layer attention residual network
Authors: Qin Wu , Liao Xundong , Han Pengfei , Pan Jiachen , Liu Feifei , Cheng Xianfu , Liu Haisen , Chen Zhuyun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Data-driven road surface state recognition enhances the efficiency and accuracy of road management, contributing to increased safety and reliability in road traffic. However, traditional machine learning and deep learning-based road surface state recognition typically rely on extensive data for model training, making it challenging to adapt to complex tasks in diverse scenarios. Therefore, this paper proposes a Multi-layer Attention Residual Network (MARN)-based intelligent road surface state recognition method. First, a Residual Convolutional Neural Network (ResNet) is constructed as the backbone model of MARN to mitigate the gradient vanishing problem, allowing the network to extract deeper features. Subsequently, an adaptive multi-layer attention mechanism is introduced in each convolutional layer, enabling adaptive weighting of each feature channel in the dataset to enhance the model’s focus on different features for better feature extraction. Furthermore, a cosine annealing learning rate adjuster is designed to improve the accuracy, robustness, and convergence during the model training process. Finally, the proposed MARN is validated using an image dataset containing six different road surface states. Comparative studies are conducted on the recognition accuracy of the proposed MARN, original ResNet, Visual Geometry Group network (VGG16), and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The impact of different batch sizes on the convergence speed of road surface state recognition under MARN is also analyzed. Results demonstrate that MARN achieves a training set accuracy of over 95%, surpassing VGG16 and CNN with accuracies below 85%. Compared to ResNet, MARN exhibits a 1.3% higher training set accuracy and a 0.25 lower validation set loss, showcasing superior accuracy and robustness in road surface state recognition.
Tool wear prediction based on K-means and Adaboost auto-encoder
Authors: Shen Lihua , Fan He , Lu Weiguo , Li Qiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A new tool wear prediction model is proposed to address the tool wear issue, aimed at monitoring tool wear based on specific task requirements and guiding tool replacement during actual cutting operations. In the data preprocessing phase, tool wear states are classified using unsupervised K-means clustering. The time, frequency, and time-frequency domain features are then labeled and fused using an autoencoder (AE) neural network applied to the original set of signal features from the tool. For tool wear prediction, an enhanced AE neural network leveraging AdaBoost is employed to establish the prediction model. The reconstruction error serves as the chosen loss function to assess the AE’s performance, taking into account data correlation and the inherent lossy nature of the AE. Experimental results from real machining data obtained from a CNC milling machine demonstrate that the proposed model achieves higher prediction accuracy while reducing data dimensions.
Preparation and identification of a fluorescent probe with CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots and CD44v6 specific peptide for gastric cancer imaging
Authors: Zhang Dan , Wang Hao , Chen Chunyang , Lu Guifang , Yin Yan , Ren Mudan , Huang Jin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Since the sensitivity and accuracy of traditional detection for early gastric cancer diagnosis are still insufficient, it is significant to continuously optimize the optical molecular imaging detection technology based on an endoscopic platform. The signal intensity and stability of traditional chemical fluorescent dyes are low, which hinders the clinical application of molecular imaging detection technology. This work developed a probe based on perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) and peptide ligands. By utilizing CsPbBr3 perovskite PQDs modified by azithromycin (AZI), combined with the specific polypeptide ligand of CD44v6, a gastric cancer biomarker, the perovskite-based probe (AZI-PQDs probe) which can specifically identify gastric cancer tumor was prepared. Owing to the high photoluminescence quantum yield of CsPbBr3 PQDs, the naked eye can observe the imaging under the excitation of the hand-held ultraviolet light source. AZI-PQDs probe can accurately identify gastric cancer cells, tissues, and xenograft models with experiments of ex vivo and in vivo fluorescence imaging detection. It also exhibited low toxicity and immunogenicity, indicating the safety of the probe. This work provides a probe combined with cancer specificity and a reliable fluorescent signal that has the potential for application in gastric cancer optical molecular imaging.
Coherent NiS2@SnS2 nanosheet for accelerating electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Zhao Jinxiu , Li Kai , Xu Jingyi , Ren Xiang , Shi Liyi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The development of an effective and selective catalyst is the key to improving the multi-electron transfer nitrate reduction reaction (NO3
–RR) to ammonia. Here, we synthesized a coherent NiS2@SnS2 nanosheet catalyst loaded on carbon cloth via one-step solvothermal method. Experimental data reveals that the integration of NiS2 and SnS2 can enhance the NO3
–RR performance in terms of high NH3 yield rate of 408.2 μg h−1 cm−2 and Faradaic efficiency of 89.61%, as well as satisfying cycling and long-time stability.
On the trapped magnetic moment in type-II superconductors
Authors: Prozorov Ruslan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Measurements of the trapped (remanent) magnetic moment,

M

trap

(
H
)

, when a small magnetic field H is turned off after cooling below the superconducting transition temperature, Tc
, or ramping a magnetic field up and down after cooling in a zero magnetic field, offer substantial advantages in difficult cases of small samples and large field-dependent backgrounds, which is relevant for hydrogen-based ultra-high-T

c
superconductors (UHTS). Until recently, there was no need for a separate paper on the trapped magnetic flux for well-known critical-state models due to the simplicity of the physics involved. However, recent publications showed the need for such an analysis. This note summarizes the expectations for the Bean model with constant critical current density and the Kim model with field-dependent critical currents. It is shown that if the trapped moment is fitted to the power law,

M

trap

∝

H

α

, the fixed exponent α = 2 is exact for the Bean model, while Kim models show a wide interval of possible values,

2
⩽
α
⩽
4

. Furthermore, accounting for reversible magnetization expands the range of possible exponents to

1
⩽
α
⩽
4

. In addition, demagnetizing factors are essential and make the trapped moment orientation dependent even in isotropic materials. As a concrete application, it is shown that flux trapping experiments performed on H3S UHTS compounds can be well described using this generalized approach, lending further support to the type-II superconducting nature of H3S under ultra-high pressure.
Two particles in one-dimensional confinement: the role of mass imbalance and Pauli's exclusion principle within short and long range interactions
Authors: Vieira Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We consider the problem of two interacting particles in one-dimensional harmonic confinement. By considering both particles are subject to the same harmonic curvature, we obtain exact numerical solutions in a straightforward way for any choice of interaction potential. The formulation is then applied in the situations of (i) non-identical particles with different masses m
1 and m
2; (ii) bosons and fermions; (iii) short and long range interactions; and (iv) combining all these ingredients within a time-dependent applied electric field. We analyze the role of the mass imbalance and Pauli's exclusion principle by investigating the formation of bound pairs, the expected value of the separation between the particles and the effects of interaction and exclusion principle on the density distributions.
High temperature thermoelectric properties of BaxSr2−xFeCoO6 double perovskites
Authors: Bhattacharya Tathagata , Maiti Tanmoy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, environmentally benign BaxSr2-xFeCoO6 (BSFC) double perovskites are synthesized via solid-state reaction route for high-temperature thermoelectric applications. The crystal structure and morphology of the ceramic samples are analyzed using XRD and SEM, respectively. Rietveld refinement of XRD data confirms a cubic structure with Pm3̅m space-group. High-temperature thermoelectric measurements exhibits that substituting Ba for Sr in Sr2FeCoO6 increases the Seebeck coefficient (S) but at the expense of the electrical conductivity (σ). The highest Seebeck coefficient of 117 μV/K has been observed in Ba0.5Sr1.5FeCoO6 at 910 K. Temperature-dependent electrical conductivity measurements indicates a semiconductor-to-metal like transition in all samples, with BSFC (x = 0.1) achieving the highest conductivity of 4 × 104 S m−1 at ∼623 K. The thermoelectric power factor has been enhanced by over 50% with Ba substitution in Sr2FeCoO6. Electron transport in these double perovskites is found to follow the small polaron hopping conduction mechanism.
Chromo-natural inflation supported by enhanced friction from Horndeski gravity
Authors: Murata Tomoaki , Kobayashi Tsutomu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study the extension of the chromo-natural inflation model by incorporating nonminimal coupling between the axion field and gravity. Nonminimal coupling is introduced so that it enhances friction in the axion's equation of motion and thus supports slow-roll inflation. This enhanced friction effectively delays the activation of the gauge field, thereby preventing the overproduction of gravitational waves in the CMB scale. We extend previous results by describing the nonminimal coupling in a general and unifying way utilizing Horndeski gravity. This allows us to explore systematically and comprehensively possible enhanced friction models of chromo-natural inflation consistent with observations. We find a novel enhanced friction model that shows better agreement (within 1σ) with CMB measurements than the previous nonminimally coupled chromo-natural inflation model. The gravitational-wave spectrum starts to rise at some wavenumber due to retarded activation of the gauge field in the late stage of inflation. We show how one can identify the wavenumber at which this occurs based on the background evolution and present a universal analytic formula for the gravitational-wave spectrum that can be used for any enhanced friction model of chromo-natural inflation.
Measurement of scintillation from proportional electron multiplication in liquid xenon using a needle
Authors: Knights P. , Sekiya H. , Katsioulas I. , Nikolopoulos K. , Kanzawa K. , Giomataris I. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Charge amplification in liquids could provide single-phase
xenon time projection chambers with background discrimination and
fiducialisation capabilities similar to those found in dual-phase
detectors. Although efforts to achieve the high electric field
required for charge amplification and proportional scintillation in
liquid xenon have been previously reported, their application to
large-scale detectors remains elusive. This work presents a new
approach to this challenge, where — instead of the thin-wire
approach of previous studies — a needle-like high-voltage
electrode is employed to demonstrate proportional charge
amplification and secondary scintillation production in liquid
xenon. This is an important milestone towards the development of an
electrode structure that could be utilised in a large-scale,
single-phase time projection chamber with dual read-out.
Development of a large NaI(Tl) detection system
Authors: Tang Mengjiao , Zhang Lianjun , He Gaokui , Zhao Jiangbin , Liu Yang , Wang Chao , Que Ziang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A large NaI(Tl) detection system was developed to address
the increasing demand for high detection efficiency and high energy
resolution detectors across various applications. Through Geant4
simulation and experimental research, critical characteristics of
the detector prototype were examined, encompassing energy response,
energy nonlinearity, and energy resolution. Given the substantial
impact of variations in Tl concentration and the complex process of
photon propagation on the detection performance of large NaI(Tl)
crystals, the detection efficiency and energy resolution with the
radioactive source placed at different incident spots were studied
to evaluate its spatial response uniformity. The results demonstrate
that the detector's energy response range spans from 50 keV to
3 MeV with an energy nonlinearity of 1.5%. The developed large
NaI(Tl) detection system achieved an overall energy resolution of
7.93%, along with excellent uniformity in its resolution and
detection efficiency, satisfying the application requirements for
large dimensions and high detection efficiency.
Controllable morphology of Pd nanostructures: from nanoparticles to nanofoams
Authors: Matte Lívia P , Khan Wahidullah , Thill Alisson S , Escudero Carlos , Poletto Fernanda , Bernardi Fabiano 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Metallic nanofoams offer enhanced surface area and reduced density compared to their bulk counterparts while keeping intrinsic metallic properties. This combination makes nanofoams ideal for many applications, such as catalysis and battery. However, the synthesis of nanofoams is still challenging. This work introduces a non-complex synthesis method of Pd nanofoams employing a polar lipid structured as a sponge phase in water. The Pd nanostructures were characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), x-ray Diffraction (XRD), N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, x-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), and x-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) at Pd K edge techniques. The morphology of the nanostructure, from nanofoam to nanoparticle, is easily controlled by the presence of the polar lipid and the Pd salt used. The Pd nanostructures synthesized are fully oxidized, but the nanofoams reduce quickly (less than 5 min) to metallic Pd after H2 exposure at room temperature. The nanostructures were applied for hydrogen storage and Pd nanofoams achieved a remarkable gravimetric capacity of 0.76 wt% at room temperature and 1 atm H2 pressure. DFT calculation showed that the changes in the morphology of Pd lead to great changes in the adsorption energy of hydrogen, thus allowing the improvement of the material for hydrogen storage applications through the method developed.
Impact of drilling parameters on the surface roughness of egg shell filled glass fibre/polyester composites
Authors: Kowshik Suhas , Sharma Sathyashankara , Rao Sathish , Naik Nithesh , Bhat Ritesh , Hiremath Pavan , Manjunath Maitri 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRPs) are widely used in domestic applications such as doors, windows, and furniture, where drilling is a common machining process. The surface roughness of drilled hole walls is a critical factor, particularly in fastening applications, where smooth finishes are essential. This study explores the influence of drilling parameters on the surface roughness of GFRPs reinforced with different types of eggshell fillers viz.,un-carbonized, carbonized, and hybrid along with an unfilled variant. The research employs a Central Composite Design within the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) framework to investigate the effects of material type, spindle speed, feed rate, and point angle on surface roughness. Material type and point angle were treated as categorical variables, while spindle speed and feed rate were continuous, each with four levels, resulting in 16 experimental runs. The results showed that surface roughness values varied from 3.04 to 4.99μm, depending on the specific combination of drilling parameters. Statistical analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) confirmed that spindle speed and feed rate significantly impact surface roughness, with roughness increasing at higher speeds and feeds. Notably, the carbonized eggshell-filled GFRP variant achieved the lowest surface roughness. The study also developed a highly accurate regression model, validated through experimental data. The novel use of different variants of eggshell fillers in GFRPs provides a sustainable and effective way to enhance material properties. Further, conducting the drilling studies to observe the outcomes, offers potential industrial applications in the production of high-quality, durable composite materials.
Effect of filler morphology on mechanical behaviour of Mg/HA nanocomposites for degradable implant applications
Authors: V A Jasir , Vaisakh P , Pratheeshkumar V , Paul Parokkaran Jojo , Sajith Babu C , T Hanas , Rabeeh VP Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) alloys exhibit promising potential for biodegradable orthopaedic applications, with the incorporation of hydroxyapatite (HA), which offers a means to tailor their bioactivity and biodegradation behavior. In this study, the effect of filler morphology on mechanical behaviour and biocorrosion of the Mg/HA composites is analysed. Two distinct morphologies of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA), needle-like and flake-shaped, were incorporated into Mg using a stir-casting technique. The incorporation of nHA led to a notable increase in hardness, with enhancements of 15% for needle-like nHA and 29% for flake-like nHA. Moreover, the ultimate compressive strength exhibited a significant improvement of 29% for the flake-shaped nHA and 12% for the needle-like nHA. Interestingly, the morphological variation did not impact the degradation behaviour of the composites. Based on these findings, it is proposed that Mg metal matrix composites utilizing bioactive flake-shaped nHA as a filler material hold promise for enhancing the mechanical properties of Mg/HA nanocomposites, particularly for load-bearing implant applications.
Evaluation of bond strength in bamboo reinforced-high grade concrete at elevated temperature
Authors: Kant Lakshmi , Kumar Shashi , Singh Amit Kumar , Kumar Sanjeet 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Concrete traditionally relies on steel reinforcement to address its weak tensile strength. However, due to concerns such as high production costs, non-renewability, and sustainability issues associated with steel, developing countries like India and African nations are turning to locally available bamboo as a reinforcement material in low-cost buildings. This study explores the feasibility of bamboo reinforcement in fly ash concrete (FAC) by examining the post-fire behavior of the bond strength between bamboo and FAC through pull-out tests. Initial tensile strength assessments of locally available bamboo strips are carried out. Various mechanical and chemical treatments, including grooving, wire wrapping, clamping, and epoxy-based sand coating, are applied to investigate their impact on post-fire bond strength. Despite certain treatments exhibiting higher initial bond strengths, their susceptibility to the fire test emphasizes the need for ongoing research and refinement. Notably, the treatment involving plain bamboo with epoxy-based sand coating and wire wrapping emerges as a promising option, demonstrating resilience with only a 21% drop in bond strength after exposure to fire.
Universal Spiral
Authors: Chepurin Kirill 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter reconstructs Schelling’s post-Copernican theo-cosmic epic, or the narrative of universal (divine, natural, and human) history he develops after 1809. Permeated by the antagonism between bliss and the world and the Gnostic contradiction between the hidden divinity and the creator God, this narrative follows the geometric and theodical movement of cosmic revolution, whose figure is that of an ascending spiral generated iteratively by the two-part movement of Fall and redemption or inversion and re-inversion. This movement unfolds in the tension between cosmic war and the peace of the Sabbath, and is governed by the (divine and natural) law of place-assigning justice. The chapter argues that both Schelling’s political conservatism and his affinity with early socialism can be grasped as part of the cosmic revolution thus conceived. Schelling reconfigures history as a rising edifice (Stufenfolge) of human recentering, imposing the logics of telos, hierarchy, and transcendence on the decentered modern universe.
The Race to Bliss
Authors: Chepurin Kirill 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In dialogue with black studies, this chapter interrogates Schelling’s Romantic vision of the oneness of humanity by revealing his concept of humanness and his vision of conversion to the consciousness of the true God to be racialized and supersessionist in character. The chapter revisits the logics of the universe and the Christian-modern world in Schelling’s lectures on “purely rational” philosophy, in which he justifies the white European subject as the normative demiurgic subject of history and advances his framework of race. The chapter argues that Schelling’s racialization of geo-cosmic darkness as blackness and his legitimation of European colonialism and transatlantic slavery refract the geo-extractive racial logics of the post-1492 global world. Schelling’s world-grammar or his metaphysics of the hierarchized ascent (Stufenfolge) to bliss constitutes, the chapter contends, at once a grammar of racialization, a universal mining operation, a supersessionist conversion narrative, and a racialized theodicy of the global.