bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dialogical Existence seen as a Social Relation and its Impact to the Life with Diversity
Authors: Hubert Claudia 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article compares the philosophical concept of dialogical existence of Martin Buber with the sociological one from Pierpaolo Donati, which put its focus on the phenomena of social relationship.
After a short introduction in the discussion of the concept of dialogue in different sciences, the first paragraph will deal with the concept of “social relationship” by Pierpaolo Donati. It gives a short overview of its main statements, characteristics and its placing in the contemporary sociological discussion.
The second chapter will present the basic ideas of the concept of “dialogical existence” from Martin Buber, showing his differentiation of various types of dialogue as well as the characteristics of the two basic relationships “I-THOU” and “I-IT”.
The common points and the differences of these two concepts are presented in a third part. The outdrawn similarities leads to the conclusion that, even if both concepts are not concurrent, the “dialogical existence” can be seen as one form of “social relationship.
The dialogical method of the Focolare Movement is presented in a forth part. It is a concrete example of how the “dialogical existence” can forge in a “social relationship” with special features and gives a glance on how the two concepts could be connected with each other.
Connecting theories from different fields of research and concrete examples, this article wants to give a contribution to a wider discussion of the concept of dialogue.
Ordo Iuris of Neoliberalism in Poland – Controversies or Solutions to the Challenges of Modernity
Authors: Barcik Anna 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
An attempt of explaining the formulation of laws as a mechanism for shaping social relations in Poland are presented in the paper.
The causes of divisions to liberal and civic (social) Poland are revealed, indicating that politics can divide people into groups according to the ideology based on tradition and modernity.
Reporting mittels Kennzahlen zur Gewährleistung der Qualität und Unterstützung des IT-Controllings eines modernen, wissenschaftlichen Rechenzentrums – ein Praxisbericht
Authors: Haas Berit , Bündgens Daniel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn diesem Artikel wird ein vom IT Center der RWTH Aachen University entwickeltes und in der Praxis bewährtes Reporting-Tool vorgestellt, welches das IT Center in seinem IT-Controlling nachhaltig unterstützt und zur Gewährleistung und Steigerung der Qualität seiner angebotenen Dienste beiträgt. Wir bedienen uns dabei gängigen Methoden aus dem IT Service Management und zeigen auf, wie wir diese für unsere Zwecke anwenden. Neben der technischen Umsetzung gehen wir noch auf das Thema Kennzahlen und kennzahlenbasiertes Reporting aus theoretischer Sicht ein und stellen die damit verbundenen Herausforderungen dar.
Container-based virtualization technologies
Authors: Wüst Sebastian , Schwerdel Dennis , Müller Paul 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAs a newer concept, in comparison to hypervisor technologies, container-based virtualization is a rather lightweight virtualization concept. By not emulating any hardware it has a much lower overhead with good isolation. The basic idea is to generate isolated containers which use the same kernel as the host system, instead of individual ones per virtual machine. Hence the virtualized applications or systems have to be compatible to the same kernel. Networking testbeds like ToMaTo can benefit from such technology, since it allows to run many virtual machines in parallel. In this paper, three representatives of Linux container-based virtualization technologies will be presented: OpenVZ, Linux-VServer and LXC. The main features and concepts of each technology will be discussed, followed by a comparison about performance, security, virtualization system integration and client software. At the end their value for ToMaTo will be rated.
Generating Alignments Using Target Foresight in Attention-Based Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Peter Jan-Thorsten , Nix Arne , Ney Hermann 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNeural machine translation (NMT) has shown large improvements in recent years. The currently most successful approach in this area relies on the attention mechanism, which is often interpreted as an alignment, even though it is computed without explicit knowledge of the target word. This limitation is the most likely reason that the quality of attention-based alignments is inferior to the quality of traditional alignment methods. Guided alignment training has shown that alignments are still capable of improving translation quality. In this work, we propose an extension of the attention-based NMT model that introduces target information into the attention mechanism to produce high-quality alignments. In comparison to the conventional attention-based alignments, our model halves the Aer with an absolute improvement of 19.1% Aer. Compared to GIZA++ it shows an absolute improvement of 2.0% Aer.
Fine-Grained Human Evaluation of Neural Versus Phrase-Based Machine Translation
Authors: Klubička Filip , Toral Antonio , Sánchez-Cartagena Víctor M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe compare three approaches to statistical machine translation (pure phrase-based, factored phrase-based and neural) by performing a fine-grained manual evaluation via error annotation of the systems’ outputs. The error types in our annotation are compliant with the multidimensional quality metrics (MQM), and the annotation is performed by two annotators. Inter-annotator agreement is high for such a task, and results show that the best performing system (neural) reduces the errors produced by the worst system (phrase-based) by 54%.
Unraveling the Contribution of Image Captioning and Neural Machine Translation for Multimodal Machine Translation
Authors: Lala Chiraag , Madhyastha Pranava , Wang Josiah , Specia Lucia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecent work on multimodal machine translation has attempted to address the problem of producing target language image descriptions based on both the source language description and the corresponding image. However, existing work has not been conclusive on the contribution of visual information. This paper presents an in-depth study of the problem by examining the differences and complementarities of two related but distinct approaches to this task: textonly neural machine translation and image captioning. We analyse the scope for improvement and the effect of different data and settings to build models for these tasks. We also propose ways of combining these two approaches for improved translation quality.
Questing for Quality Estimation A User Study
Authors: Escartín Carla Parra , Béchara Hanna , Orăsan Constantin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPost-Editing of Machine Translation (MT) has become a reality in professional translation workflows. In order to optimize the management of projects that use post-editing and avoid underpayments and mistrust from professional translators, effective tools to assess the quality of Machine Translation (MT) systems need to be put in place. One field of study that could address this problem is Machine Translation Quality Estimation (MTQE), which aims to determine the quality of MT without an existing reference. Accurate and reliable MTQE can help project managers and translators alike, as it would allow estimating more precisely the cost of post-editing projects in terms of time and adequate fares by discarding those segments that are not worth post-editing (PE) and have to be translated from scratch.In this paper, we report on the results of an impact study which engages professional translators in PE tasks using MTQE. We measured translators’ productivity in different scenarios: translating from scratch, post-editing without using MTQE, and post-editing using MTQE. Our results show that QE information, when accurate, improves post-editing efficiency.
Effect of Lignin-Containing Media on Growth of Medicinal Mushroom Lentinula Edodes
Authors: Matjuškova Nataļja , Okmane Laura , Zaļā Dzintra , Rozenfelde Linda , Puķe Māris , Krūma Irēna , Vederņikovs Nikolajs , Rapoport Alexander 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The effect of lignocellulose and lignin on growth of mycelium of mushroom Lentinula edodes and laccase activity in cultivation medium was studied. It was shown that cultivation of L. edodes mycelium in liquid nutrient medium with addition of 0.25-0.5% of kraft lignin increased mycelium biomass yield approximately two times compared with reference conditions without addition of lignin. Similar results were obtained in experiments in which 0.5% lignocellulose that remained after obtaining furfural, and 0.5% lignin that remained after obtaining furfural and glucose from wheat straw, were added to the nutrient medium. This effect was greater in the conditions of cultivation with good aeration, compared with static culture. Laccase activity in medium increased after addition of wheat straw lignocellulose or lignin only in the case of mycelium cultivation with aeration. In the case of mushroom cultivation on solid nutrient medium, addition of wheat straw lignocellulose and lignin promoted growth of mycelium only during the first 7 days of cultivation.
Spatial Diversification of Energy Crops in Polish Agriculture: A Study of Plantation Concentration Based On Local Indicators of Spatial Association (Lisa)
Authors: Kołodziejczak Anna , Rudnicki Roman 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The paper deals with the spatial diversification of energy crops and their concentration in the Polish agriculture. The analysis of changes in territorial patterns regarding those plantations involves natural factors, effects of urbanisation, and the level of absorption of European Union funds. The concentration of plantations is presented by means of local spatial correlations of energy crops; for the purposes of this research, local Moran’s statistic (Ii) has also been employed.
Differences in the Rural Structure of Slovakia in the Context of Socio-Spatial Polarisation
Authors: Máliková Lucia , Klobučník Michal 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study is devoted to socio-spatial polarisation with regard to the rural environment in Slovakia. In fact, ongoing polarisation processes do not take place only in the rural-urban continuum, but within every single category as well. This is evident especially in the rural environment, which has begun to change significantly in terms of its structure and to diversify to a greater extent. As a result, some parts of the countryside began to stagnate and decline gradually. These parts of the rural environment can thus be referred to as marginal, peripheral. With respect to the proclaimed diversity of the rural environment, this study focuses on selected rural structures, namely mountain areas, the borderland, and the area at the intersection of those two structures. Generally, these parts of the rural environment are often confronted with the phenomenon of marginality and peripherality, and because of the given local predisposition are even more vulnerable to its manifestations. Taking into account the dynamism and multidimensional character of this phenomenon, we can further assume that its manifestation changes in time and space. With the use of ANOVA, we examine a set of selected indicators of socio-spatial polarisation and verify whether and to what extent this dynamism depends on the character of diversified rural structures.
Serum levels of nitrite/nitrate, lipid profile, and Fasting Plasma Glucose and their associations in subclinical hypothyroid women before and after a two month treatment by levothyroxine
Authors: Hashemi Mohammad Mostakhdem , Kosari Elahe , Mansourian Azad Reza , Marjani Abdoljalal 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background. Subclinical hypothyroidism (sHT) is a condition defined by elevated TSH values with normal levels of free thyroid hormones. Altered metabolic status is one of the consequences of sHT which can affect serum levels of FPG, lipid profile, and nitric oxide which propounds cardiovascular consequences per se. The aim of this study was to determine the possible effects of sHT on nitrite/nitrate levels, as a marker of endothelial performance.

Materials and Methods. 50 females were enrolled in this study, 25 women as control group and 25 women as case group (evaluated two times: before and after levothyroxine therapy). Blood samples were collected and levels of FPG, lipid profile components, and nitric oxide were measured spectrophotometrically. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 18 software.

Results. The levels of lipid profile (except for TG between before and after group, p < 0.05) and nitric oxide did not differ in groups while FPG was significantly higher in case groups in comparison to control group (p < 0.001). Nitric oxide had no correlations with any of variables except for LDL in after treatment group (p < 0.05 and r = 0.397).

Conclusion. Nitric oxide does not have correlation with components of lipid profile (except for LDL) or FPG and has no differences in subclinical hypothyroid patients and control group. Levothyroxine therapy during 2 months cannot alter the levels of nitric oxide in subclinical hypothyroid patients.
Diversity of Soil Microbial Communities from an Iron Mining Area (Oued Zem, Morocco)
Authors: Mohamed Nouri , Abdelmajid Haddioui 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Microbial communities in the soil were collected from 20 samples of an iron mining area (Ait Ammar, Oued Zem, Morocco), and unaffected samples were analysed to identify the effects of metal concentrations on functional diversity (Biolog® EcoPlates), and structural diversity (polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S rDNA). Aliivibrio fischeri is mainly used for evaluating polluted soil. The functional diversity was assessed by using such indices as area under substrate utilisation curve, richness, Shannon- Weaver and evenness indices. The analysis of similarities and the non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses of DGGE profiles showed that metals in the soil do not have a significant influence on bacteria. Principal component analysis of Biolog data revealed the similarity in the metabolic profiles of mining samples. These results suggest that the direction and the distance from the iron mine tailings do not have significant effects on the metabolic and structural diversity of the soil bacterial population. The toxicity of metals in soils heavily contaminated with Fe and P did not affect the quantities of microbial populations and did not significantly change the microbial diversity of contaminated soils.
The flexural stiffness and tension state of basalt filter
Authors: Khalmuradovich Sattarov Laziz , Ahmedovich Kurbanov Abdirahim 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In recent years, there is a growing demand in Uzbekistan for new, cheap and competitive products from local raw materials, the demand being directly connected with the expansion and development opportunities of the mining, metallurgical and processing industries. In such conditions, the need for providing a solution of the problems faced by these industries is a very urgent one and requires further comprehensive studies. One of these tasks includes assessment of the force parameters and bending stiffness of basalt fibre filters, aimed at further improving the efficiency of local basalt raw materials and aiding in the manufacture of new, long-lasting, reliable and high-quality products. In this case, we studied the interaction of basalt fibre filter with a gas or liquid medium, the deformed state of the fibres under the action force of the gas or liquid, and the filter recovery process after removal of the load, all of which occur during mechanical filtration. These tasks are of interest because during the mechanical filtration of a gas or liquid (hereinafter, mechanical filtration) from solids, all attention is paid to the quality of the filtering process. The filtering quality, as known, is determined by the degree of contamination in the liquid undergoing treatment, duration of separation of the pulp into solid and liquid phases during the decantation process of the mixture and the amount of gas/ liquid released into the atmosphere along with carbon monoxide and toxic impurities. At the same time, the state and behaviour of the filtering material remain as minor factors, the consideration of which can play a decisive role in the establishment of filter life and work capacity. Solutions to these problems are very urgent and allow one to create new technologies for the production of basalt filters based on force parameters and bending stiffness, wherein the purification occurs without the intervention of chemicals.
Variation and Stability in Female Strobili Production of a First-Generation Clonal Seed Orchard of Chinese Pine (Pinus tabuliformis)
Authors: Yuan Huwei , Li Zhexin , Fang Pan , Li Wei , Li Yue 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSeed orchards of Chinese pine, Pinus tabuliformis, are in a transition period from first generation to advanced generation. During this crucial period, evaluation of seed production in seed orchards is essential. Female strobili production is an important factor in seed production. This study examined the variation and stability in female strobili production in a first-generation clonal seed orchard of Chinese pine in years 9, 10, 13, 14, 20 and 21 after grafting in 1974. The results showed significant variation in female strobili production among clones, years, and interactions between clones and years. Correlations in female strobili production between years were significant. The repeatability for female strobili production within the examined years ranged from 0.47 to 0.87. The relative stability of female strobili production varied among clones, with regression coefficients among individual clones and an environmental index ranging from 0.13 to 2.81. The productivity index in different clones ranged from -1.09 to 1.83. Yield stability of female strobili among clones could be estimated from female strobili production. Clones could be divided into three groups according to their stability and productivity parameters. The results of this research provide guidance for evaluating clones in existing seed orchards, as well as some basic information for seed orchard management and advanced-generation seed orchard establishment.
Breeding triploid aspen and poplar clones for biomass production
Authors: Ulrich Kristina , Ewald Dietrich 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEnriched diploid pollen was applied for in vitro pollinations and crossbreeding in the greenhouse to produce high performance triploid aspen and aspen hybrids for cultivation in medium rotation plantations. In addition to crossings within the section Populus, intersectional crossbreeding was performed to combine benefits of intersectional hybridization with those derived from triploidisation.Both the enrichment of diploid pollen by size fractionation of naturally unreduced pollen and heat treatment of microspore mother cells resulted in a distinct increase of diploid pollen. Using this pollen, six triploid plants were obtained from in vitro pollinations and twenty from crossbreeding in the greenhouse. The triploid plants displayed a high variability in growth performance. Two clones from in vitro pollination and five from crossbreeding in the greenhouse were chosen to estimate growth characteristics. A first assessment of clone performance in an outdoor container test con - ducted over one growing season revealed two triploid clones with a same stem height and a significantly increased basal stem diameter in comparison to the fast-growing triploid reference clone “Astria”. Crossbreeding experiments also resulted in two fast-growing mixoploid clones, which have already been stable for several years.All in all, in this study, crossbreeding using enriched diploid pollen is proved to be a reliable and applicable approach for an effective breeding of triploid poplars.
Geographic Variation and Local Growth Superiority for Coastal Douglas-fir – Rotation-age Growth Performance in a Douglas-fir Provenance Test
Authors: Ye Terrance Z. , Jayawickrama K. J. S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRotation-age growth performance of 16 provenances and local growth superiority were assessed from a rotation- age reciprocal coastal Douglas-fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] provenance test established in the Pacific Northwest of America. Provenance differences for total volume per plot were highly significant. Due to the significant provenance × site interaction effect, the best provenances varied across planting sites in terms of rotation-age volume growth. Local provenance trees exhibited superior volume growth at two of the six planting sites. At the remaining four sites, local provenances performed equally well as average non-local provenances. At the three low-elevation (< 460 m) sites, low-elevation provenances performed significantly better than high-elevation provenances. By contrast, high- and low-elevation provenances had similar growth at the two high-elevation (> 800 m) sites. Southern provenances generally grew faster than northern provenances at the Oregon sites, while northern provenances performed better than southern provenances at the sites in British Columbia.Regression analyses showed that although local growth superiority increased with the geographic distance between provenance’s origin and the test site in general (r=0.47, P<0.001), it only became obvious when the geographic distance is larger than 435 km in latitude or 370 m in elevation. Significant spatial autocorrelation was found via Mantel test, and geographically or climatically closely located provenances tended to have similar rotation-age volume growth.The results suggested that breeding zones larger than the current second-cycle zones would lead to little loss of rotation-age total volume for coastal Douglas-fir in this region.
In vitro Competition of Betula alnoides Pollens from Two Types of Habitats in a Heterogeneous Landscape in South China
Authors: Guo J. J. , Ou J. L. , Zhao Z. G. , Zeng J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Pollens of Betula alnoides were collected in its natural forests at two types of sites with soils originated from limestone (Site L) and granite (Site G) in a heterogeneous landscape at Jingxi County, Guangxi in 2010 to 2012 to investigate whether nutritional differences between the sites influenced its pollen competition. In vitro pollen germinations were conducted separately and in pairs for these samples as well as nutrient contents of pollens and soils were measured. There was no significant difference in total nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium contents of dried pollen and in efficient ones of aqueous extracts of pollens between two types of sites although the soil nutrient contents were quite different between them, and less remarkable correlation was found between these nutrient contents of soil and pollen. The results of pollen competition of B. alnoides were much diverse among three years, it seemed that pollen-pollen interaction did not depend on site type, and might vary according to genotype and/or combination of genotypes.