bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commentary: An Introduction to Leadership Self-Assessment at the Society of Neurological Surgeons Post-Graduate Year 1 Boot Camp: Observations and Commentary
Authors: Hunt Matthew A. , Heilman Carl B. , Shutran Max , Wu Julian K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Recent trends in graduate medical education have emphasized the mastery of nontechnical skills, especially leadership, for neurosurgical trainees. Accordingly, we introduced leadership development and self-awareness training to interns attending the Society of Neurological Surgeons Post-Graduate Year 1 Boot Camp in the Northeast (New England/New York/New Jersey) region in 2015. Feedback about the session was collected from interns. While neurosurgical interns conveyed a desire to receive more information on improving their leadership skills, most indicated that guidance seemed to be lacking in this critical area. We discuss some of the professional development needs uncovered during this process.
Recent Advances in Understanding Pelvic-Floor Tissue of Women With and Without Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Considerations for Physical Therapists
Authors: Saunders Kimberly 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse is a fairly common condition that imposes significant symptoms, diminished quality of life, social burden, financial expense, and surgical risk on women. As evidence supporting the benefit of pelvic-floor muscle training in nonsurgical management of pelvic organ prolapse grows, physical therapists are becoming a provider of choice interacting with women affected by pelvic organ prolapse. This perspective article will review recent research on tissue characteristics of 3 key components of pelvic organ support: skeletal muscle, ligament, and vaginal wall. This information will be summarized as implications for physical therapists. An improved understanding of pelvic-floor tissue in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse will provide a more comprehensive appreciation of the interaction of multiple systems in the disorder.
Migraine and magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a systematic review
Authors: Younis Samaira , Hougaard Anders , Vestergaard Mark B. , Larsson Henrik B.W. , Ashina Messoud 
Published: February 2017

Purpose of review
To present an updated and streamlined overview of the metabolic and biochemical aspect of the migraine pathophysiology based on findings from phosphorous (31P) and hydrogen (1H) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies.

Recent findings
Despite of the variation in the methodology and quality of the MRS migraine studies over time, some results were consistent and reproducible. 31P-MRS studies suggested reduced availability of neuronal energy and implied a mitochondrial dysfunction in the migraine brain. 1H-MRS studies reported interictal abnormalities in the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), suggesting persistent altered excitability in migraine patients. N-Acetylaspartate levels were decreased in migraine, probably due to a mitochondrial dysfunction and abnormal energy metabolism. The reported abnormalities may increase the susceptibility of migraine patients to excitatory stimulation, such as migraine attack triggers.

Summary
Several biochemical aspects of the migraine pathophysiology remain to be elucidated using MRS, such as the migraine attack, correlation to disease severity, and medication efficacy. Nevertheless, to identify a biomarker in migraine, MRS may be a valuable noninvasive technique.
Similarity identification in gene expression patterns as a new approach in phenotype classification
Authors: Madani Tonekaboni Seyed Ali , Kumar Manem Venkata Satya , El-Hachem Nehme , Haibe-Kains Benjamin 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTStratifying healthy and malignant phenotypes and identifying their biological states using high-throughput molecular data has been the focus of many computational approaches during the last decade. Using multivariate changes in expression of genes within biological pathways, as fingerprints of complex phenotypes, we developed a new methodology for Similarity Identification in Gene expressioN (SIGN). In this approach, we use centroid classifier to identify phenotype of each biological sample. To obtain similarity of a given biological sample with classes of phenotypes, we defined a new distance measure, transcriptional similarity coefficient (TSC) which captures similarity of gene expression patterns between a biological pathway in two samples or populations. We showed that TSC, as an interpretable and stable distance measure in SIGN, captures all oncogenic hallmarks for breast cancer even with low sample size, by comparing healthy and patient tumor samples in the largest breast cancer dataset. In this study, we demonstrate that SIGN is a flexible, yet robust approach for classification based on transcriptomics data. Comparing early and late relapses within each molecular subtypes of breast cancer, our method enabled subtype-specific stratification of breast cancer patients into groups with significantly different survival. Moreover, we used SIGN to classify with more than 99% specificity the site of extraction of healthy and tumor samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. We showed that SIGN also enables robust identification of hematopoietic stem cell and progenitors within the hematopoietic hierarchy. We further explored chemical perturbation data in the Connectivity Map (CMAP) database and showed that SIGN was able to classify seven classes of drugs based on their mechanism of action. In conclusion, we showed that SIGN can be used to achieve interpretable and robust transcriptomic-based classification of healthy and malignant samples, as well as drugs based on their known mechanism of action, supporting the generalizability and relevance of the method for the analysis of gene expression profiles.
The mutation rates and mutational bias of influenza A virus
Authors: Pauly Matthew D. , Procario Megan , Lauring Adam S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInfluenza virus has a high mutation rate, and this low replicative fidelity contributes to its capacity for rapid evolution. Clonal sequencing and fluctuation tests have suggested that the mutation rate of influenza A virus is 7.1 × 10−6− 4.5 × 10−5substitutions per nucleotide per cell infection cycle and 2.7 × 10−6− 3.0 × 10−5substitutions per nucleotide per strand copied (s/n/r). However, sequencing assays are biased toward mutations with minimal impacts on viral fitness and fluctuation tests typically investigate only a subset of the twelve mutational classes. We developed a fluctuation test based on reversion to fluorescence in a set of virally encoded mutant green fluorescent proteins. This method allowed us to measure the rates of selectively neutral mutations representative of all 12 mutational classes in the context of an unstructured RNA. We measured an overall mutation rate of 1.8 × 10−4s/n/r for PR8 (H1N1) and 2.5 × 10−4s/n/r for Hong Kong 2014 (H3N2). The replication mode was linear. The mutation rates of these divergent strains are significantly higher than previous estimates and suggest that each replicated genome will have an average of 2-3 mutations. The viral mutational spectrum is heavily biased toward A to G and U to C transitions, resulting in a transition to transversion bias of 2.7 and 3.6 for the two strains. These mutation rates were relatively constant over a range of physiological temperatures. Our high-resolution analysis of influenza virus mutation rates will enable more refined models of its molecular evolution.SignificanceThe rapid evolution of influenza virus is a major problem in public health. A key factor driving this rapid evolution is the virus’ very high mutation rate. We developed a new method for measuring the rates of all 12 mutational classes in influenza virus, which eliminates some of the biases of existing assays. We find that the influenza virus mutation rate is much higher than previously reported and is consistent across two distinct strains and a range of temperatures. Our data suggest that influenza viruses replicate at their maximally tolerable mutation rates, highlighting both the virus’ evolutionary potential and its significant constraints.
Genome-wide protein phylogenies for four African cichlid species
Authors: Varadarajan Ajay Ramakrishnan , Mopuri Rohini , Streelman J. Todd , McGrath Patrick T. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe thousands of species of closely related cichlid fishes in the great lakes of East Africa are a powerful model for understanding speciation and the genetic basis of trait variation. Recently, the genomes of five species of African cichlids representing five distinct lineages were sequenced and used to predict protein products at a genome-wide level. Here we characterize the evolutionary relationship of each cichlid protein to previously sequenced animal species.ResultsWe used the Treefam database, a set of preexisting protein phylogenies built using 109 previously sequenced genomes, to identify Treefam families for each protein annotated from four cichlid species:Metriaclima zebra, Astatotilapia burtoni, Pundamilia nyerereiandNeolamporologus brichardi.For each of these Treefam families, we built new protein phylogenies containing each of the cichlid protein hits. Using these new phylogenies we identified the evolutionary relationship of each cichlid protein to its nearest human and zebrafish protein. This data is available either through download or through a webserver we have implemented.ConclusionThese phylogenies will be useful for any cichlid researchers trying to predict biological and protein function for a given cichlid gene, understanding the evolutionary history of a given cichlid gene, identifying recently duplicated cichlid genes, or performing genome-wide analysis in cichlids that relies on using databases generated from other species.
Organizational constitution, organizational identification, and executive pay
Authors: Kline William , Kotabe Masaaki , Hamilton Robert , Ridgley Stanley 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide insights from the upper echelon, agency, and organizational identification literatures to help explain cross-cultural differences in top management team pay.Design/methodology/approachThis is a theoretical paper building upon the executive compensation literature examining US and Japanese pay schemes.FindingsThe paper presents three propositions relating to the influence of organizational constitution and organizational identification on the level of pay, as well as the allocation of pay in top management team compensation schemes.Originality/valueThere is relatively little research focusing on why there are cross-cultural pay differences. This paper uses US and Japanese studies to highlight mechanisms that can foster principal-agent goal alignment in different contexts.
Psychological contract violation
Authors: Chih Wen-Hai , Chiu Tao-Sheng , Lan Li-Chi , Fang Wen-Chang 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the relationships between consumers’ perceived justice and their behavioral intentions and explores the effects of psychological contract violation on the relationships.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducts sampling through the survey to consumers after restaurant dining. This study collected data from 400 respondents and analyzed the data with the structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results indicate that consumers who experience higher level of distribution justice and procedure justice are more likely to have behavioral intentions. This study also reveals that psychological contract violation is a partial mediator of the above relationships. Consumers will feel less psychological contract violation when they perceive more distribution justice and procedure justice and will not significantly affect them more likely to repurchase intention.Originality/valueDuring restaurant service, if consumers feel distribution or procedure injustice, they are more likely to engage in negative word-of-mouth. However, the lack of significant and positive effect of interaction justice on negative word-of-mouth in this study can be because of other intervening variables, such as intensity. Furthermore, in terms of customer’s repurchase intention, the results indicate significant and positive effects for all three types of justice on repurchase intention.
The plights of Eritrean refugees in the Shimelba Refugee Camp, Ethiopia
Authors: Arega Natnael Terefe 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
Thousands of Eritrean youth flee due to extreme domestic discontent with Eritrean Government. Little research has been done on Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia. The purpose of this paper is to explore the difficulties facing Eritrean refugees in the Shimelba Refugee Camp in northern Ethiopia. The study explores the refugees’ pre-migration experiences as well as their life difficulties in the refugee camp.

Design/methodology/approach
This study employed a cross-sectional qualitative approach. Relevant data were collected through personal interviews with a sample of 15 refugees. The study was also supplemented by the researcher’s personal observations regarding the living conditions of the refugees in the camp.

Findings
Gross human rights violations at home forced the Eritreans to flee in to Ethiopia. Refugees reported their experiences of arrest, torture, and abuse, due to their dissenting political and religious opinions. Moreover, they fled Eritrea to escape harsh compulsory conscription into the Eritrean military service. Unemployment and lack of income were also important push factors. Factors identified as threats to the psychosocial health of refugees at the refugee camp include the feeling of isolation, the absolute uncertainty of the future, fears concerning the safety of the family left behind, the strictness of the structure within the camp, and the fear of health-related problems associated with the limited health care facilities.

Research limitations/implications
Further research investigating the mental health problems of the refugees employing quantitative methods is needed. Also, research about the potential avenues for ameliorating the challenges faced by these refugees is desirable.

Originality/value
This paper gives an insight to the situation of Eritrean refugees in Ethiopia, which includes the reasons why they flee Eritrea, their experiences during flight, and the conditions in which Eritrean refugees live in the camp from the point of view of the refugees themselves. Understanding the challenges facing the refugees has implications for how short- and long-term policies can be altered to better serve them.
Exploring food and healthy eating with newcomers in Winnipeg’s North End
Authors: Henderson Amy , Epp-Koop Stefan , Slater Joyce 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges and opportunities associated with attempting to maintain a healthy traditional diet for newcomers living in the North End neighbourhood of Winnipeg, Canada.

Design/methodology/approach
In this mixed-methods photovoice study the researcher used food photographs taken by participants to facilitate in-depth, semi-structured interviews with newcomers living in the area of interest. Community workers involved in food and newcomer programming were also interviewed. Qualitative data from the interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Food security status of newcomer participants was also determined using The Household Food Security Survey Module.

Findings
Newcomer participants reported many struggles, including low incomes, gardening challenges and little access to culturally acceptable foods. Community worker interviews, field notes and an environmental scan of community resources also revealed a lack of social inclusion/support and few food and nutrition resources for newcomers.

Originality/value
Newcomers to Canada experience high rates of food insecurity and diminishing health status associated with length of time in Canada. This study demonstrates an imminent need for additional resources and programmes in this inner city community in order to decrease food security rates and help newcomers in Winnipeg to eat healthy traditional diets and avoid a decline in health.
Leadership, “communityship,” and “the good folk”
Authors: Mintzberg Henry , Caldwell Cam 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify critical challenges to public leaders in troubled times, based on the experience and thoughts of an accomplished and world-renowned academic in the field of strategy and leadership. The authors have also included it on the original paper, which is attached.

Design/methodology/approach
A semi-structured interview was conducted based on a series of questions that are considered pertinent to the challenges facing public leaders.

Findings
The key findings suggest that individualism and egos are too dominant, that there is an absence of effective ethical leadership which, together, overshadows the need for community action.

Originality/value
This summary of the short interview provides a unique insight into the challenges facing public leadership.
Reading databases: slow information interactions beyond the retrieval paradigm
Authors: Feinberg Melanie 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
In this conceptual essay, the purpose of this paper is to argue that the structure of databases and other information systems provides valuable information beyond their content. The author contends that reading databases – as a separate, distinct activity from retrieving and reading the documents that databases contain – is an under-studied form of human-information interaction. Because the act of reading databases encourages awareness, reflection, and control over information systems, the author aligns the author’s proposal with “slow” principles, as exemplified by the slow food movement.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents an extended argument to demonstrate the value of reading a database. Reading a database involves understanding the relationship between database structure and database content as an interpretation of the world. For example, when a supermarket puts vermicelli in the pasta section but rice vermicelli in the Asian section, the supermarket suggests that rice vermicelli is more “Asian” than “noodle.” To construct the author’s argument, the author uses examples that range from everyday, mundane activities with information systems (such as using maps and automated navigation systems) to scientific and technical work (systematic reviews of medical evidence).

Findings
The slow, interpretively focused information interactions of reading databases complement the “fast information” approach of outcome-oriented retrieval. To facilitate database reading activities, research should develop tools that focus user attention on the application of database structure to database contents. Another way of saying this is that research should exploit the interactive possibilities of metadata, either human-created or algorithmically generated.

Originality/value
This paper argues that information studies research focuses too heavily on seeking and retrieval. Seeking and retrieval are just two of the many interactions that constitute our everyday activities with information. Reading databases is an area particularly ripe with design possibilities.
Reliability and validity test of a Scoring Rubric for Information Literacy
Authors: van Helvoort Jos , Brand-Gruwel Saskia , Huysmans Frank , Sjoer Ellen 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to measure reliability and validity of the Scoring Rubric for Information Literacy (Van Helvoort, 2010).

Design/methodology/approach
Percentages of agreement and Intraclass Correlation were used to describe interrater reliability. For the determination of construct validity factor analysis and reliability analysis were used. Criterion validity was calculated with Pearson correlations.

Findings
In the described case, the Scoring Rubric for Information Literacy appears to be a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of information literate performance.

Originality/value
Reliability and validity are prerequisites to recommend a rubric for application. The results confirm that this Scoring Rubric for Information Literacy can be used in courses in higher education, not only for assessment purposes but also to foster learning.
Open-access mega-journals
Authors: Spezi Valerie , Wakeling Simon , Pinfield Stephen , Creaser Claire , Fry Jenny , Willett Peter 
Published: February 2017

PurposeOpen-access mega-journals (OAMJs) represent an increasingly important part of the scholarly communication landscape. OAMJs, such asPLOS ONE, are large scale, broad scope journals that operate an open access business model (normally based on article-processing charges), and which employ a novel form of peer review, focussing on scientific “soundness” and eschewing judgement of novelty or importance. The purpose of this paper is to examine the discourses relating to OAMJs, and their place within scholarly publishing, and considers attitudes towards mega-journals within the academic community.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a review of the literature of OAMJs structured around four defining characteristics: scale, disciplinary scope, peer review policy, and economic model. The existing scholarly literature was augmented by searches of more informal outputs, such as blogs and e-mail discussion lists, to capture the debate in its entirety.FindingsWhile the academic literature relating specifically to OAMJs is relatively sparse, discussion in other fora is detailed and animated, with debates ranging from the sustainability and ethics of the mega-journal model, to the impact of soundness-only peer review on article quality and discoverability, and the potential for OAMJs to represent a paradigm-shifting development in scholarly publishing.Originality/valueThis paper represents the first comprehensive review of the mega-journal phenomenon, drawing not only on the published academic literature, but also grey, professional and informal sources. The paper advances a number of ways in which the role of OAMJs in the scholarly communication environment can be conceptualised.