bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of Poison Dart‐Frog Alkaloids (−)‐209D, (−)‐209B, (−)‐223V, 3‐epi‐(−)‐223AB
Authors: Chang Kuei‐Chen , Wang Lee‐Ya , Li Cheng‐Chiao , Huang Rou‐Jie , Zhang Zheng‐Feng , Liang Yu‐Fu , Su Ming‐Der , Li Yu‐Jang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSynthesis of poison dart frog indolizidine alkaloids (−)‐209D, (−)‐209B and (−)‐223V were accomplished, with a common tricyclic lactone skeleton as the starting compound, in overall yields of 8.8 %, 5.5 %, and 5.2 %, respectively. The construction of the C7−C8 bond in the synthesis of 209D involves simple ring closure metathesis and hydrogenation reactions. However, in the synthesis of 209B and 223V, the C7−C8 bond and the stereochemistry of C8, is achieved through radical cyclization reactions controlled by allylic 1,3‐strain. Cleavage of the excess carbon on the C5 for all the related intermediates were done by Barton decarboxylation protocol. Reduction of the corresponding indolizidin‐3‐ones by LAH completed the total synthesis of these three target molecules. The quantum mechanics calculations were performed on α‐amidyl carbon radical intermediates to account for the observed diastereomeric ratio (~9 : 1) of the key Barton decarboxylation step. Ultimately, the synthesis of 3‐epi‐(−)‐223AB was accomplished in 51.6 % through the cuprate addition to the activated lactam of a late intermediate in the synthesis of (−)‐167B.
Enhancing qualitative research in higher education assessment through generative AI integration: A path toward meaningful insights and a cautionary tale
Authors: Slotnick Ruth C. , Boeing Joanna Z 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study explores the use of generative AI, specifically Google's Bard and OpenAI's ChatGPT, to enhance qualitative research within higher education assessment, focusing on institutional assessment practitioners. Using a dataset focused on diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) from annual faculty assessment reports, we tested traditional analytical methods and compared them to AI‐assisted techniques, with a particular emphasis on AI's capacity to improve qualitative analysis. By exploring AI's benefits and limitations in qualitative assessment, we not only advocate for the thoughtful integration of AI technologies but also underscore the critical importance of human expertise in maintaining the depth and integrity of qualitative inquiry. We present a step‐by‐step practical guide for the assessment practitioner to integrate AI into the qualitative research process, highlighting AI's potential to deepen insights while upholding research integrity and emphasizing the necessity of human oversight.
How pharmacology can aid in the diagnosis of mental disorders
Authors: Seifert Roland , Schirmer Bastian , Seifert Johanna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The precise diagnosis of mental disorders constitutes a formidable problem. Mental disorders are currently diagnosed based on clinical symptoms, which are often subjective. Various drug classes, traditionally referred to as “antidepressants,” “antipsychotics” and “mood stabilizers” are then used empirically to treat affected patients. The previous decade has witnessed an increasing extension of the use of drug classes beyond their traditional indications (e.g., “antidepressants” in the treatment of anxiety disorders). Therefore, we would like to initiate a discussion in the pharmacological and psychiatric research communities on an alternative classification of mental disorders: Instead of using the traditional categorical classification of mental disorders physicians should rather diagnose symptoms (e.g., anhedonia) without bias to a traditional categorization (e.g., depression). The appropriate most effective drugs are then selected based on these symptoms. Depending on the responsiveness of the patient towards a given drug X, the disease should be classified, e.g., as drug X-responsive disease. This approach will also help us elucidate the still poorly understood molecular mechanisms underlying mental disorders, i.e., drugs can also be viewed and used as molecular diagnostic tools. In several fields of medicine, drugs are already used as molecular diagnostic tools. Thus, there is already precedence for the concept proposed here for mental disorders.
The evolution of data treatment tools in single-particle and single-cell ICP-MS analytics
Authors: Chronakis Michail Ioannis , Meermann Björn , von der Au Marcus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSingle-particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (sp-ICP-MS) is one of the most powerful tools in the thriving field of nanomaterial analysis. Along the same lines, single-cell ICP-MS (sc-ICP-MS) has become an invaluable tool in the study of the variances of cell populations down to a per-cell basis. Their importance and application fields have been listed numerous times, across various reports and reviews. However, not enough attention has been paid to the immense and ongoing development of the tools that are currently available to the analytical community for the acquisition, and more importantly, the treatment of single-particle and single-cell-related data. Due to the ever-increasing demands of modern research, the efficient and dependable treatment of the data has become more important than ever. In addition, the field of single-particle and single-cell analysis suffers due to a large number of approaches for the generated data—with varying levels of specificity and applicability. As a result, finding the appropriate tool or approach, or even comparing results, can be challenging. This article will attempt to bridge these gaps, by covering the evolution and current state of the tools at the disposal of sp-ICP-MS users.
Graphical Abstract
Perspective: Protocells and the Path to Minimal Life
Authors: Deamer David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe path to minimal life involves a series of stages that can be understood in terms of incremental, stepwise additions of complexity ranging from simple solutions of organic compounds to systems of encapsulated polymers capable of capturing nutrients and energy to grow and reproduce. This brief review will describe the initial stages that lead to populations of protocells capable of undergoing selection and evolution. The stages incorporate knowledge of chemical and physical properties of organic compounds, self-assembly of membranous compartments, non-enzymatic polymerization of amino acids and nucleotides followed by encapsulation of polymers to produce protocell populations. The results are based on laboratory simulations related to cyclic hydrothermal conditions on the prebiotic Earth. The final portion of the review looks ahead to what remains to be discovered about this process in order to understand the evolutionary path to minimal life.
Evaluation of an automated laminar cartilage T2 relaxation time analysis method in an early osteoarthritis model
Authors: Wirth Wolfgang , Maschek Susanne , Wisser Anna , Eder Jana , Baumgartner Christian F. , Chaudhari Akshay , Berenbaum Francis , Eckstein Felix ,   on behalf of the OA-BIO Consortium
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
A fully automated laminar cartilage composition (MRI-based T2) analysis method was technically and clinically validated by comparing radiographically normal knees with (CL-JSN) and without contra-lateral joint space narrowing or other signs of radiographic osteoarthritis (OA, CL-noROA).

Materials and methods
2D U-Nets were trained from manually segmented femorotibial cartilages (n = 72) from all 7 echoes (AllE), or from the 1st echo only (1st
E) of multi-echo-spin-echo (MESE) MRIs acquired by the Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI). Because of its greater accuracy, only the AllE U-Net was then applied to knees from the OAI healthy reference cohort (n = 10), CL-JSN (n = 39), and (1:1) matched CL-noROA knees (n = 39) that all had manual expert segmentation, and to 982 non-matched CL-noROA knees without expert segmentation.

Results
The agreement (Dice similarity coefficient) between automated vs. manual expert cartilage segmentation was between 0.82 ± 0.05/0.79 ± 0.06 (AllE/1st
E) and 0.88 ± 0.03/0.88 ± 0.03 (AllE/1st
E) across femorotibial cartilage plates. The deviation between automated vs. manually derived laminar T2 reached up to − 2.2 ± 2.6 ms/ + 4.1 ± 10.2 ms (AllE/1st
E). The AllE U-Net showed a similar sensitivity to cross-sectional laminar T2 differences between CL-JSN and CL-noROA knees in the matched (Cohen’s D ≤ 0.54) and the non-matched (D ≤ 0.54) comparison as the matched manual analyses (D ≤ 0.48). Longitudinally, the AllE U-Net also showed a similar sensitivity to CL-JSN vs. CS-noROA differences in the matched (D ≤ 0.51) and the non-matched (D ≤ 0.43) comparison as matched manual analyses (D ≤ 0.41).

Conclusion
The fully automated T2 analysis showed a high agreement, acceptable accuracy, and similar sensitivity to cross-sectional and longitudinal laminar T2 differences in an early OA model, compared with manual expert analysis.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov identification: NCT00080171.
International medical graduates (IMGs) matching into US orthopaedic surgery residency: a fifteen year analysis of trends in applications and geographical distribution
Authors: Hoveidaei Amir Human , Kistler Natalie M. , Jackson Garrett , LaPorte Dawn M. , Chahla Jorge A. , Heckmann Nathanael D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
International Medical Graduates (IMGs) face challenges in securing orthopaedic surgery residencies in the U.S. This study examines residency matching trends and geographic distribution for U.S. and non-U.S. citizen IMGs.

Methods
The National Resident Matching Program (NRMP) data from 2008 to 2022 were analyzed for USMLE scores, publication counts, and match rates, using linear regression. The proportion of non-US IMGs in orthopaedic surgery residency was compared with the foreign-born population of each region based on the 2021 American Community Survey.

Results
The overall IMG fill rate decreased significantly from 2.04% in 2008 to 1.26% in 2022 (P = 0.002). The number of publications for matched US IMGs was at least three times that of matched MD seniors and about two times that of unmatched US IMGs. Matched non-US IMGs had approximately five and three times the number of publications as matched MD seniors and unmatched non-US IMGs, respectively. Mississippi had the highest IMG-to-all-filled-position ratio (6.7%) and New York matched the most IMGs (36 residents). Although the foreign-born population comprises approximately 13.72% of the US population, non-US IMGs accounted for less than 1% of total matched residents. When compared to the foreign-born population, non-US IMGs were underrepresented in the US. This underrepresentation was observed in all nine geographic divisions, particularly in the West South Central and Pacific regions.

Conclusions
While IMGs constitute a low percentage of matched MDs in orthopaedic surgery, they show three to five times more publications than MD seniors. IMGs should recognize the importance of higher publication numbers in the matching process as well as states with higher IMG matching rates.
Aspergillus calidoustus and Talaromyces columbinus infections in chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Pacini Emanuele , Schelenz Silke , Abdolrasouli Alireza , Mehra Varun , Ceesay M. Mansour , Pagliuca Antonio , Avenoso Daniele 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdvancements in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) procedures have improved patient outcomes over the last two decades, though invasive fungal infections (IFIs) remain a significant risk. The incidence of IFIs in alloHSCT recipients is estimated at 6%, with a mortality rate of 13%, and Aspergillus species are the most common pathogens involved. Posaconazole is effective in preventing IFIs post-transplant and is standard care during neutropenia or when managing graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) with high-dose steroids. However, azole prophylaxis may cause resistant Aspergillus species like A. calidoustus, which are difficult to treat. We report a case from our institution where a patient developed a dual infection with Aspergillus calidoustus and Talaromyces columbinus after alloHSCT and posaconazole prophylaxis. While A. calidoustus is known to cause IFIs in HSCT recipients, T. columbinus represents a previously unreported occurrence in medical literature. This case underscores the importance of a multifaceted diagnostic strategy, integrating BAL diagnosis, mycological cultures, direct microscopy, fungal speciation, susceptibility testing, and biomarkers. These comprehensive approaches are indispensable for accurate pathogen identification and effective management of IFIs with appropriate antifungal agents.
Fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) in children with spinal muscular atrophy type 1: feasibility, swallowing safety and efficacy, and dysphagia phenotype
Authors: Mozzanica Francesco , Pizzorni Nicole , Gitto Marco , Dosi Claudia , Mandelli Anna , Gandolfi Sofia , Campari Alessandro , Masson Riccardo , Schindler Antonio 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Although dysphagia is a common symptom among patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy Type 1 (SMA1), scant data exist on the application of Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) in this population. The aim was to analyze FEES feasibility, swallow safety and efficacy, dysphagia phenotype, and agreement with VideoFluoroscopic Swallow Study (VFSS) in children with symptomatic, medication-treated SMA1 and oral feeding.

Methods
10 children with SMA1 underwent FEES. Six patients had also a VFSS. Two clinicians independently rated FEES and VFSS videos. Swallowing safety was assessed using the Penetration-Aspiration scale (PAS). Dysphagia phenotypes were defined according to the classification defined by Warnecke et al. Swallowing efficacy was evaluated with the Yale Pharyngeal Residue Severity Rating Scale (YPRSRS) in FEES, whereas pharyngeal residue was rated as present or absent in VFSS.

Results
FEES was performed in all children without complications. Four children tolerated bolus trials during FEES, in 4 children swallowing characteristics were inferred based on post-swallow residues, while 2 children refused to eat and only saliva management was assessed. The dysphagia phenotype of predominance of residue in the piriform sinuses was documented in 7/8 children. The PAS score was < 3 in 3 children and > 5 in one child. Swallowing efficacy was impaired in 8/8 children. VFSS showed complete agreement with FEES.

Conclusions
FEES is a feasible examination in children with SMA1. Swallowing safety and efficacy are impaired in nearly all patients with strong agreement between FEES and VFSS. Dysphagia is characterized by the predominance of residue in the piriform sinus.
Diagnosis and management of eosinophilic esophagitis and esophageal food impaction in adults
Authors: Schlager Hansjörg , Baumann-Durchschein Franziska , Steidl Karin , Häfner Michael , Dinkhauser Patrick , Weitersberger Michael , Holzinger Josef , Mader Markus , Gröchenig Hans Peter , Madl Christian , Schreiner Philipp 
Published: September 2024

SummaryThis position paper deals with an expert consensus on diagnosis and management of eosinophilic esophagitis and esophageal food impaction issued by the Austrian Eosinophilic Esophagitis Network, a working group under the patronage of the Austrian Society of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (ÖGGH). In need of a standardized approach on the management of EoE, recommendations were made based on international guidelines and landmark studies.
Implications for spatial non-stationarity and the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP) in green inequality research: evidence from three states in the USA
Authors: Gyanwali Sophiya , Karki Shashank , Jang Kee Moon , Crawford Tom , Zhang Mengxi , Kim Junghwan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent studies on green space exposure have argued that overlooking human mobility could lead to erroneous exposure estimates and their associated inequality. However, these studies are limited as they focused on single cities and did not investigate multiple cities, which could exhibit variations in people’s mobility patterns and the spatial distribution of green spaces. Moreover, previous studies focused mainly on large-sized cities while overlooking other areas, such as small-sized cities and rural neighborhoods. In other words, it remains unclear the potential spatial non-stationarity issues in estimating green space exposure inequality. To fill these significant research gaps, we utilized commute data of 31,862 people from Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky. The deep learning technique was used to extract green spaces from street-view images to estimate people’s home-based and mobility-based green exposure levels. The results showed that the overall inequality in exposure levels reduced when people’s mobility was considered compared to the inequality based on home-based exposure levels, implying the neighborhood effect averaging problem (NEAP). Correlation coefficients between individual exposure levels and their social vulnerability indices demonstrated mixed and complex patterns regarding neighborhood type and size, demonstrating the presence of spatial non-stationarity. Our results underscore the crucial role of mobility in exposure assessments and the spatial non-stationarity issue when evaluating exposure inequalities. The results imply that local-specific studies are urgently needed to develop local policies to alleviate inequality in exposure precisely.
Out-of-pocket fertility preservation expenses: data from a Japanese nationwide multicenter survey
Authors: Ono Masanori , Takai Yasushi , Harada Miyuki , Horie Akihito , Dai Yidan , Kikuchi Eiji , Miyachi Mitsuru , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Fujii Nobuharu , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Manabe Atsushi , Yasuoka Toshiaki , Katsuragi Shinji , Mekaru Keiko , Maezawa Tadashi , Horage Yuki , Kataoka Shinsuke , Nakayama Robert , Nakajima Takako Eguchi , Kimura Fuminori , Shimizu Chikako , Sugimoto Kohei , Takae Seido , Yumura Yasushi , Nishi Hirotaka , Furui Tatsuro , Morishige Ken-Ichirou , Watanabe Chie , Osuga Yutaka , Suzuki Nao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The expenses related to fertility preservation or subsequent assisted reproductive treatments are significant for adolescents and young adult patients in Japan’s current healthcare system. With fertility preservation becoming more widespread in developed countries, it is expected that these costs will be covered by insurance or subsidies. It is critical for patients, healthcare providers, and the government to know the costs that patients will be responsible for. In Japan, the costs of fertility preservation and subsequent assisted reproductive technology are not covered by insurance, but patients can apply for subsidies from the local and central governments if certain conditions are met. Presently, the above-mentioned costs, as well as the amount paid by the patient, vary by facility. Therefore, it is essential to ensure patients’ continued access to necessary medical care despite the associated costs.

Methods
In this study, questionnaires were mailed to 186 certified fertility preservation facilities in Japan to assess patients who had undergone fertility preservation or assisted reproduction. The questionnaires were sent between October 27, 2023 and March 31, 2024, with 140 of the 186 facilities responding (response rate: 75.3%).

Results
Our findings show that approximately one-third of the costs was borne by the patients.

Conclusion
Given these circumstances, sustainable pricing and insurance coverage are necessary for both patients and facilities.
Financial inclusion and environmental pollution in sub-Saharan Africa: moderating effects of economic growth and renewable energy
Authors: Said Rabie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA thriving literature exists about the role of financial inclusion in socio-economic development. Nevertheless, the environmental effects of financial inclusion are largely unknown in the literature, especially in sub-Saharan African countries. Therefore, this study explores the association between financial inclusion and CO2 emissions utilizing data from 23 sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2004–2019. Based on different estimation methods such as dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS), canonical correlation regression (CCR), and an instrumental variable generalized-method of moment (IV-GMM), the results show that financial inclusion is responsible for a substantial increase in CO2 emissions. In addition, financial inclusion moderates economic growth, resulting in higher CO2 emissions. Alternatively, financial inclusion moderates renewable energy use to lower CO2 emissions. The outcomes also verify the presence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC). This study proposes uniting financial inclusion and environmental policies as a strategy for reducing CO2 emissions in sub-Saharan Africa.
Do Election Pledges Matter? The Effects of Broken and Kept Election Pledges on Citizens’ Trust in Government
Authors: Bytzek Evelyn , Dupont Julia C. , Steffens Melanie C. , Knab Nadine , Schneider Frank M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe functioning of representative democracy depends on a “responsible electorate” that rewards and punishes parties according to their promises. Holding representatives accountable is the only way for voters to keep control over the government. This article draws on the normative assumption of accountability theory to investigate the impact of information on pledge fulfillment on citizens’ trust in government, taking into account moderators of this relationship. In a two-wave panel experiment (N = 841; broken pledges, fulfilled pledges, control group), results supported the hypotheses that fulfilled election pledges resulted in increased trust in the government, whereas broken pledges decreased trust. However, only when citizens had been satisfied with the government’s performance in the past or when they attributed relevance to governmental pledge fulfillment did trust levels depend on pledge fulfillment. These findings provide insights into the process of democratic accountability and highlight the relevance of trust in studying the effects of election pledges. Additionally, our study makes a case for the use of repeated measurements in experimental research, as examining intraindividual changes can provide a more comprehensive understanding, such as by assessing effect sizes.
Current and Emerging Sleep Interventions for Older Adults with or without Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Suraev Anastasia , Kong Shawn Dexiao , Menczel Schrire Zoe , Tran Bonnie A. , Cross Nathan , Matar Elie , Naismith Sharon L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This systematic scoping review examines evidence from the last five years on sleep interventions in cognitive healthy older adults and those with mild cognitive impairment.

Recent Findings
Sleep disturbance has been identified as a potential early, modifiable risk factor for dementia, making it crucial to investigate if these interventions also enhance cognitive function and neurodegenerative biomarkers.

Summary
Since 2019, research on sleep interventions in older adults with or without cognitive impairment has gradually expanded, especially on non-pharmacological treatments including CBT-I, exercise, and multi-modal interventions, which show promise but require further study to confirm cognitive benefits. Pharmacological interventions have primarily focused on melatonin and orexin antagonists, with long-term safety remaining a concern. Tailored, clinically effective interventions that consider the presence of Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, such as amyloid, tau, cerebrovascular disease, or alpha-synuclein in key sleep-related circuits, are essential to developing feasible, cost-effective, and scalable treatments for older adults with or without cognitive impairment.