bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Unionization Structures with Heterogeneous Firms and Rent‐Sharing Motives
Authors: de Pinto Marco 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHow are unemployment and output affected if wages are set on the sector level rather than firm level? We take a new look at this question, allowing for heterogeneous firms and rent‐sharing motives. Without these motives, employment and output are lower under sector‐level wage‐setting due to higher wage markups. With rent‐sharing motives, however, firm selection is higher under sector‐level wage‐setting, which tends to increase employment and output, thus counteracting the markup effect. Simulations show that the firm‐selection effect decreases the difference between the two unionization structures substantially but it does not change the signs of the effects on output and employment.
Roq1 mediates recognition of the Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas effector proteins XopQ and HopQ1
Authors: Schultink Alex , Qi Tiancong , Lee Arielle , Steinbrenner Adam D. , Staskawicz Brian 
Published: September 2017

SummaryXanthomonas spp. are phytopathogenic bacteria that can cause disease on a wide variety of plant species resulting in significant impacts on crop yields. Limited genetic resistance is available in most crop species and current control methods are often inadequate, particularly when environmental conditions favor disease. The plant Nicotiana benthamiana has been shown to be resistant to Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas due to an immune response triggered by the bacterial effector proteins XopQ and HopQ1, respectively. We used a reverse genetic screen to identify Recognition of XopQ 1 (Roq1), a nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) protein with a Toll‐like interleukin‐1 receptor (TIR) domain, which mediates XopQ recognition in N. benthamiana. Roq1 orthologs appear to be present only in the Nicotiana genus. Expression of Roq1 was found to be sufficient for XopQ recognition in both the closely‐related Nicotiana sylvestris and the distantly‐related beet plant (Beta vulgaris). Roq1 was found to co‐immunoprecipitate with XopQ, suggesting a physical association between the two proteins. Roq1 is able to recognize XopQ alleles from various Xanthomonas species, as well as HopQ1 from Pseudomonas, demonstrating widespread potential application in protecting crop plants from these pathogens.
Population ageing and inequality: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Xudong , Huang Bihong , Li Shaoshuai 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPopulation ageing has significant economic and social costs, and this paper studies its impacts on inequality, both theoretically and empirically. First, we build a two‐period overlapping generation model with uncertain lifetime and find that population ageing has the overall effect of increasing income and consumption inequality within the society. For empirical analysis, we use household data from China Health and Nutrition Survey to assess the age effect on income and consumption inequality in China, and confirm the results predicted by the theoretical model.
Was it different the second time? An empirical analysis of contagion during the crises in Greece 2009–15
Authors: Bird Graham , Du Wenti , Pentecost Eric , Willett Thomas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOver the period between end‐2009 and end‐2015, Greece experienced two discernible financial crises. This paper undertakes a correlation analysis of risk premia to investigate the nature and extent of contagion from these crises to other selected Eurozone countries. A commonly expressed view is that the effects of the second crisis were more muted since the systemic risks were seen by markets as being lower. However, using a rolling correlation model, a Dynamic Conditional Correlation GARCH (DCC‐GARCH) model and a t‐copula model we find that this is not the case. Broadly speaking, the contagion effects of the second crisis were at least as large as those associated with the first one.
Our older population: donors as well as recipients?
Authors: Goldman M. , O'Brien S. F. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundThe upper age limit for blood donation differs in various countries, due to concerns about donor safety. In recent years, many countries have reviewed their policies regarding the upper age limits for donation. Evaluation of the impact of changing population and donor demographics may assist in better planning to meet future patient needs for blood.AimsWe review current policies, evidence of the safety of donation in older individuals, and the contribution that older donors can make to the blood supply.MethodsWe reviewed policies in countries that are part of the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion Collaborative, and published studies on the safety of donation. We evaluated the contribution that older donors make to the blood supply at Canadian Blood Services.ResultsThe upper age limit for regular whole blood donors ranges from 69–70 to 80; blood centres in several countries have recently removed the upper age limit, while many blood centres in the US have long had no upper age limit for donation. Data demonstrate that healthy older individuals can safely donate. Approximately 1·5% of all whole blood donations at Canadian Blood Services are made by donors past their 71st birthday.Summary/ConclusionsThere are more healthy older individuals than ever before. Many donors would like to continue donating into their eighth decade, and perhaps beyond. There is increasing evidence that donation is safe in older individuals, and that they can make a significant contribution to the blood supply.
Effectiveness of collaboration between emergency department and intensive care unit teams on mortality rates of patients presenting with critical illness: a systematic review
Authors: McDowald Kerchelle , Direktor Svetlana , Hynes Elizabeth A. , Sahadeo Anna , Rogers Margaret E. 
Published: September 2017

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background
The increasing volume of adult patients with critical illness entering emergency departments (EDs) burdens the resources of EDs worldwide. This subpopulation faces a high risk of mortality because they require specialized care which many EDs are not yet poised to deliver. An element crucial to delivering care and decreasing the mortality of critically ill patients in the ED is expert collaborative practice across disciplines. Several ED and intensive care unit (ICU) collaborative models exist including: emergency department intensive care units (EDICU) and medical emergency teams (MET).

Objectives
To evaluate the effectiveness of collaboration between the ED and ICUs on the mortality rates of critically ill adult ED patients.

Inclusion criteria Types of participants
Adult ED patients, 18 years and over, with non-surgical critical illness meeting the criteria for ICU admission.

Types of intervention(s)
Collaboration between the ED and ICU in the management of critically ill patients in the ED.

Types of studies
Observational and descriptive studies.

Type of outcome
All-cause mortality, including 30-day mortality and in-hospital mortality rates at any time period.

Search strategy
The comprehensive literature search included published and unpublished studies in English from the beginning of each database through November 30, 2016. Databases searched included: PubMed, CINAHL, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). A search for gray literature and electronic hand searching of relevant journals was also performed.

Methodological quality
Studies were assessed for methodological quality by four independent reviewers using standardized appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI).

Data extraction
Data related to the methods, participants, interventions and findings were extracted using a standardized data extraction tool from JBI.

Data synthesis
Statistical pooling into a meta-analysis was not possible due to the clinical and methodological heterogeneity in the interventions and outcome measures of the included studies. Results are presented in a narrative form.

Results
Three collaborative models (EDICU, Direct Provider-Provider Collaboration and MET) were identified across five studies. Findings from these studies showed conflicting results. The reviewers were unable to synthesize the evidence to state conclusively the effectiveness of collaborative models on mortality rates of critically ill patients.

Conclusions
There is limited and conflicting evidence related to the effectiveness of EDICU collaborative models on the mortality rates of critically ill patients preventing the development of practice recommendations. This review underscores the need for more research into the benefits of collaborative models between the ED and ICU.
Evaluating the Potential for Gasoline Geysering From Small Engine
Fuel Tanks
Authors: Hetrick Todd M. , Smyth Suzanne A. , Ogle Russell A. , Ramirez Juan C. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This paper explores an infrequently encountered hazard associated with liquid fuel tanks on gasoline-powered equipment using unvented fuel tanks. Depending on the location of fuel reserve tanks, waste heat from the engine or other vehicle systems can warm the fuel during operation. In the event that the fuel tank is not vented and if the fuel is sufficiently heated, the liquid fuel may become superheated and pose a splash hazard if the fuel cap is suddenly removed. Accident reports often describe the ejection of liquid as a geyser. This geyser is a transient, two-phase flow of flashing liquid. This could create a fire hazard and result in splashing flammable liquid onto any bystanders. Many existing fuel tank systems are vented to ambient through a vented tank cap. It has been empirically determined that the hazard can be prevented by limiting fuel tank gauge pressure to 10 kPa (1.5 psi). However, if the cap does not vent at an adequate rate, pressure in the tank can rise and the fuel can become superheated. This phenomenon is explored here to facilitate a better understanding of how the hazard is created. The nature of the hazard is explained using thermodynamic concepts. The differences in behavior between a closed system and an open system are discussed and illustrated through experimental results obtained from two sources: experiments with externally heated fuel containers and operation of a gasoline-powered riding lawn mower. The role of the vented fuel cap in preventing the geyser phenomenon is demonstrated.
Inflationary α-attractors and F(R)-gravity
Authors: Kuiroukidis A. 
Published: September 2017

We consider a generic class of the so-called inflationary [Formula: see text]-attractor models and compute the cosmological observables in the Einstein and Jordan frames of the corresponding F(R)-gravity theory. We find that the two sets coincide (to within errors from the use of the slow-roll approximation) for moderate and large values of the number of e-foldings N, which is the novel result of this paper, generalizing previous results on the subject (see e.g. Ref. 24). We briefly comment on the possible generalizations of these results.
Camera Based Two Factor Authentication Through Mobile and Wearable Devices
Authors: Azimpourkivi Mozhgan , Topkara Umut , Carbunar Bogdan 
Published: September 2017

We introduce Pixie, a novel, camera based two factor authentication solution for mobile and wearable devices. A quick and familiar user action of snapping a photo is sufficient for Pixie to simultaneously perform a graphical password authentication and a physical token based authentication, yet it does not require any expensive, uncommon hardware. Pixie establishes trust based on both the knowledge and possession of an arbitrary physical object readily accessible to the user, called trinket. Users choose their trinkets similar to setting a password, and authenticate by presenting the same trinket to the camera. The fact that the object is the trinket, is secret to the user. Pixie extracts robust, novel features from trinket images, and leverages a supervised learning classifier to effectively address inconsistencies between images of the same trinket captured in different circumstances.
Pixie achieved a false accept rate below 0.09% in a brute force attack with 14.3 million authentication attempts, generated with 40,000 trinket images that we captured and collected from public datasets. We identify master images, that match multiple trinkets, and study techniques to reduce their impact.
In a user study with 42 participants over 8 days in 3 sessions we found that Pixie outperforms text based passwords on memorability, speed, and user preference. Furthermore, Pixie was easily discoverable by new users and accurate under field use. Users were able to remember their trinkets 2 and 7 days after registering them, without any practice between the 3 test dates.
Morphological and molecular identification of the potato cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida in Portuguese potato fields
Authors: Camacho Maria J. , Nóbrega Filomena , Lima Arlindo , Mota Manuel , Inácio Maria L. 
Published: September 2017

The potato cyst nematodes (PCN)Globodera rostochiensisandG. pallidapose one of the greatest threats to potato crops worldwide and are subject to strict quarantine regulations in many countries. The identification of theseGloboderaspecies based on morphology may be ambiguous due to the variability of the main morphological features and the overlapping of the standard parameters in these two species; thus, confirmationviamolecular methods is recommended. Multiplex PCR with species-specific primers (ITS5/PITSp4 + PITSr3) allows both species to be distinguished. However, despite the development of molecular identification methods, the morphological approach remains useful as a complementary diagnostic technique. In this work, we report results of morphological and molecular analyses that were carried out in twoGloboderaspecies from Portuguese potato fields. The average morphometric values of 40 cysts and 40 second-stage juveniles were generally within the expected ranges forG. pallidaandG. rostochiensiswith some variations noted. Molecular analysis with multiplex PCR confirmed the morphometric identification. The present results confirmed the occurrence of two potato cyst nematode species,G. rostochiensisandG. pallida. Surprisingly, the analysis of soils from Portuguese potato fields detected a greater number of samples infested withG. pallida, which is contrary to expectation asG. rostochiensishas been considered the most widespread species in Portugal. The distinction between the two species is therefore essential in order to detect their presence in the country with a view to re-evaluating the control measures implemented so far and adopting more effective practices.
Medialness and the Perception of Visual Art
Authors: Leymarie Frederic Fol , Aparajeya Prashant 
Published: September 2017

In this article we explore the practical use of medialness informed by perception studies as a representation and processing layer for describing a class of works of visual art. Our focus is towards the description of 2D objects in visual art, such as found in drawings, paintings, calligraphy, graffiti writing, where approximate boundaries or lines delimit regions associated to recognizable objects or their constitutive parts. We motivate this exploration on the one hand by considering how ideas emerging from the visual arts, cartoon animation and general drawing practice point towards the likely importance of medialness in guiding the interaction of the traditionally trained artist with the artifact. On the other hand, we also consider recent studies and results in cognitive science which point in similar directions in emphasizing the likely importance of medialness, an extension of the abstract mathematical representation known as ‘medial axis’ or ‘Voronoi graphs’, as a core feature used by humans in perceiving shapes in static or dynamic scenarios.
We illustrate the use of medialness in computations performed with finished artworks as well as artworks in the process of being created, modified, or evolved through iterations. Such computations may be used to guide an artificial arm in duplicating the human creative performance or used to study in greater depth the finished artworks. Our implementations represent a prototyping of such applications of computing to art analysis and creation and remain exploratory. Our method also provides a possible framework to compare similar artworks or to study iterations in the process of producing a final preferred depiction, as selected by the artist.
Determining Mixing Rates from Concurrent Temperature and Velocity Measurements
Authors: Bluteau Cynthia E. , Lueck Rolf G. , Ivey Gregory N. , Jones Nicole L. , Book Jeffrey W. , Rice Ana E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOcean mixing has historically been estimated using Osborn’s model by measuring the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy ϵ and the background density stratification N while assuming a value of the flux Richardson number . A constant is typically assumed, despite mounting field, laboratory, and modeling evidence that varies. This challenge can be overcome by estimating the turbulent diffusivity of heat using the Osborn–Cox model. This model, however, requires measuring the rate of dissipation of thermal variance χ, which has historically been challenging, particularly in energetic flows because the high wavenumbers of the temperature gradient spectra are unresolved with current technology. To overcome this difficulty, a method is described that determines χ by spectral fitting to the inertial-convective (IC) subrange of the temperature gradient spectra. While this concept has been exploited for moored time series, particularly near the bottom boundary, it has yet to be adapted to vertical microstructure profilers such as gliders, and autonomous and ship-based vertical profilers from which there are the most measurements. By using the IC subrange, χ, and hence , can be estimated even in very energetic events—precisely the conditions requiring more field observations. During less energetic periods, the temperature gradient spectra can also be integrated to obtain χ. By combining these two techniques, microstrucure profiles at a field site known for its very energetic internal waves are analyzed. This study demonstrates that the spectral fitting approach resolves intense mixing events with . By equating the Osborn and Osborn–Cox models, indirect estimates for can also be obtained.
Pornography use in sexual minority males: Associations with body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, thoughts about using anabolic steroids and quality of life
Authors: Griffiths Scott , Mitchison Deborah , Murray Stuart B , Mond Jonathan M 
Published: September 2017

Objective: We examined two hypotheses regarding the potential association of pornography use with body image–related and eating disorder–related psychopathology among sexual minority males (i.e. non-heterosexual males). Our primary hypothesis was that pornography use would be associated with males’ body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, thoughts about using anabolic steroids and quality of life impairment; our secondary hypothesis was that the type of pornography, namely, professional versus amateur pornography, which contains idealised and non-idealised (i.e. regular) bodies, respectively, would moderate these associations. Methods: A sample of 2733 sexual minority males living in Australia and New Zealand completed an online survey that contained measures of pornography use, body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms, thoughts about using anabolic steroids and quality of life. Results: Almost all (98.2%) participants reported pornography use with a median use of 5.33 hours per month. Multivariate analyses revealed that increased pornography use was associated with greater dissatisfaction with muscularity, body fat and height; greater eating disorder symptoms; more frequent thoughts about using anabolic steroids; and lower quality of life. Effect sizes for these associations were uniformly small. Neither relationship status nor genital dissatisfaction was associated with pornography use. The association between pornography use and thoughts about using anabolic steroids was stronger for viewers of professional pornography than viewers of amateur pornography. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the use of pornography is weakly associated with body dissatisfaction and related variables and that the type of pornography (amateur vs professional) viewed may be a moderating factor in some cases. Within the limits of a cross-sectional study design, these findings may have implications for clinicians who treat individuals with eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, anabolic-androgenic steroid dependence and related concerns.
Time-Dependent Effects on Synovial Fluid Composition During the Acute Phase of Human Intra-articular Ankle Fracture
Authors: Adams Samuel B. , Reilly Rachel M. , Huebner Janet L. , Kraus Virginia B. , Nettles Dana L. 
Published: September 2017

Background: The study objective was to examine the effect of time and fracture severity on the undiluted synovial fluid (SF) microenvironment during the acute phase following intra-articular fracture (IAF) of the human ankle. Methods: Ankle SF from 54 patients with an acute IAF was analyzed for concentrations of 10 cytokines, 5 matrix metalloproteinases, 2 products of cartilage catabolism, and combined products of heme metabolism. All analytes were correlated with time from fracture and further analyzed for an effect of 3 time subgroups (0-2 days, 3-9 days, and ≥10 days) corresponding to timepoints for clinical ankle fracture interventions. The effect of fracture severity was determined by grouping SF according to the number of radiographic intra-articular fracture lines. Results: Fifteen of 18 analytes were significantly correlated with time. Temporal grouping of SF revealed an initial (0-2 days) spike of pro-inflammatory (IL-12p70, IL-1β, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10 and IL-4) cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) MMP-9, and sGAG, followed immediately (3-9 days) by products of heme metabolism and an unchallenged surge in mediators and products of cartilage catabolism (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-10, and CTX-II). After 10 days, there was a decrease in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines but a persistence of mediators of ECM catabolism. There was no clear relationship between the number of fracture lines and SF levels of analytes. Conclusions: This study demonstrated acute temporal fluctuations following ankle IAF resulting in an overall catabolic environment by 10 days post-fracture and supports consideration of an early evacuation of the joint space to reduce the intra-articular inflammatory burden. Clinical Relavence: This study contributes to the understanding of the intra-articular events that potentially contribute to the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis acutely following IAF in the ankle.