bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residence Rights for Caring Parents who are also Victims of Domestic Violence
Authors: Oosterom-Staples Helen 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Traditionally, parents determine their children’s right to reside in a host-State. This means that a child’s right to remain in a host-State is intrinsically linked to the presence of those parents in their host-State. This changed for the eu Member States with the Court of Justice’s ruling in the Baumbast case and was extended in that Court’s Chen ruling. In these cases the Court of Justice, as a first step, acknowledged children as independent bearers of residence rights. To ensure the effectiveness of this right to remain, the Court of Justice, as a second step, reasoned that a third-country national parent also enjoys a right to remain in that Member State if that parent is their primary carer. These rulings play a crucial role in the Court of Justice’s recent decision in the na case. Although Article 13(2) of the Citizens Directive provides for a right to remain as a victim of domestic violence, it is not in this capacity but rather her capacity of the primary carer of two young eu-citizens that ensures her a right to remain in her host-Member State after the departure of her eu-citizen spouse.
This contribution seeks an alternative reading of Article 13(2)(c) of the Citizens Directive to that offered by the Court of Justice in the na case. Arguments are found in that Directive’s objectives, drafting history and effectiveness; benchmarks normally used by the Court of Justice in its case law when clarifying the scope of eu free movement rights, as well as that Court’s case law on the declaratory nature of those rights.
Stuck Between Two Allies
Authors: Roehrig Terence 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The Asia-Pacific region is home to numerous island and maritime disputes but the Dokdo/Takeshima dispute is unique in that it involves two u.s. allies placing Washington in a uncomfortable position. u.s. policy has long been that it takes no position on sovereignty and will abide by any negotiated resolution of the dispute. Yet when tensions have flared between South Korea and Japan over the issue, there have often been calls for the United States to intervene and help solve the problem. However, any u.s. attempt to exert its leverage to reach a solution would be dangerous. Instead, Washington’s best course of action is to quietly remind both sides of their common economic and security interests while helping Seoul and Tokyo to manage the dispute in a careful and judicious manner.
Quantifying the Sensitivity of Sea Level Change in Coastal Localities to the Geometry of Polar Ice Mass Flux
Authors: Mitrovica Jerry X. , Hay Carling C. , Kopp Robert E. , Harig Christopher , Latychev Konstantin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIt has been known for over a century that the melting of individual ice sheets and glaciers drives distinct geographic patterns, or fingerprints, of sea level change, and recent studies have highlighted the implications of this variability for hazard assessment and inferences of meltwater sources. These studies have computed fingerprints using simplified melt geometries; however, a more generalized treatment would be advantageous when assessing or projecting sea level hazards in the face of quickly evolving patterns of ice mass flux. In this paper the usual fingerprint approach is inverted to compute site-specific sensitivity kernels for a global database of coastal localities. These kernels provide a mapping between geographically variable mass flux across each ice sheet and glacier and the associated static sea level change at a given site. Kernels are highlighted for a subset of sites associated with melting from Greenland, Antarctica, and the Alaska–Yukon–British Columbia glacier system. The latter, for example, reveals an underappreciated sensitivity of ongoing and future sea level change along the U.S. West Coast to the geometry of ice mass flux in the region. Finally, the practical utility of these kernels is illustrated by computing sea level predictions at a suite of sites associated with annual variability in Greenland ice mass since 2003 constrained by satellite gravity measurements.
Achieving Milestones as a Prerequisite for Proceeding With a Clinical Trial
Authors: Mickle Angela M. , Maybrier Hannah R. , Winter Anke C. , McKinnon Sherry L. , Torres Brian A. , Lin Nan , Lenze Eric J. , Stark Susan , Muench Maxwell R. , Jacobsohn Eric , Inouye Sharon K. , Avidan Michael S. , Wildes Troy S. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND:
Although the National Institutes of Health (NIH) invests $30 billion in research annually, many funded studies fail to generate results that can inform practice. The National Institutes of Health introduced a phased funding mechanism as one potential solution. Study-specific milestones are established for an initial pilot phase. We assess the utility of this phased approach through the ongoing Electroencephalography (EEG) Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES) pragmatic clinical trial. The hypothesis of the trial is that EEG guidance of general anesthesia, through prevention of EEG suppression, can decrease postoperative delirium and its downstream negative sequelae.

METHODS:
In collaboration with study stakeholders, we identified critical milestones for the ENGAGES study, with themes common to many clinical trials. These themes include: regulatory tasks; enrollment targets; feasibility and impact of study intervention; primary outcome incidence; measurement reliability of primary outcome; and follow-up. Progress in achieving the milestones was assessed at regular intervals during the pilot phase by ENGAGES investigators, a National Institute on Aging program officer, and a nonpartisan research organization (Westat).

RESULTS:
Regulatory tasks, including institutional review board approval, infrastructure establishment, and trial registration, were completed on schedule. A total of 117 patients were randomized, exceeding the target by 51. The EEG-guided protocol was successfully implemented, and a relevant effect on anesthetic practice was demonstrated (decrease in median age–adjusted minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration from 0.93 to 0.78 [P < .001] and increase in median proportion of zero EEG suppression time from 87% to 94% [P < .01]). Nearly all patients (115 of 117, 98.3%) were assessed for delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method, and the delirium incidence was similar (28.1%; 95% CI, 20%–37%) to the estimate (25%) used for the sample size calculation. Good interrater reliability of delirium assessment was demonstrated (κ = 0.94 [95% CI, 0.86–1]). Finally, 1-month follow-up vital status data were obtained for 96.9% of patients, with 85.7% of patients completing at least 1 survey.

CONCLUSIONS:
With the ENGAGES trial, we demonstrated that key milestones can be identified and progressively assessed during a pilot phase. Success in attaining appropriate milestones hypothetically predicts meaningful completion of a study, and can provide justification for proceeding beyond a pilot phase. The impact of this phased approach on return on investment and scientific yield requires additional study.
Maize Phyllosphere Microbial Community Niche Development Across Stages of Host Leaf Growth
Authors: Manching Heather C. , Carlson Kara , Kosowsky Sean , Smitherman C. Tyler , Stapleton Ann E. 
Published: December 2017

Background: The phyllosphere hosts a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, which can play a positive role in the success of the host plant. Bacterial communities in the phylloplane are influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors, including host plant surface topography and chemistry, which change in concert with microbial communities as the plant leaves develop and age.Methods: We examined how theZea maysL. leaf microbial community structure changed with plant age. Ribosomal spacer length and scanning electron microscopic imaging strategies were used to assess microbial community composition across maize plant ages, using a novel staggered experimental design.Results: Significant changes in community composition were observed for both molecular and imaging analyses, and the two analysis methods provided complementary information about bacterial community structure within each leaf developmental stage.Conclusions: Both taxonomic and cell-size trait patterns provided evidence for niche-based contributions to microbial community development on leaves.
Valuutakontrolli rakendamine Eestis 1930. aastatel [Abstract: Implementation of exchange control in Estonia in the 1930s]
Authors: Stern Karl 
Published: December 2017

Exchange control is generally managed by the national bank. Exporters have to transfer all of their earnings from foreign exchange to the national bank. The national bank considers different factors in redistributing foreign exchange among importers.
After the devaluation of the British pound in the autumn of 1931, cash cover for Estonia’s currency decreased rapidly. The leaders of monetary policy ignored the statutes of the National Bank of Estonia and urgently decided to implement exchange control.
The implementation of exchange control did not go very smoothly during its first years. Hurried implementation and lack of preceding explanation caused problems for entrepreneurs and citizens who were in need of foreign exchange. At first there was a great deal of dissension between the National Bank of Estonia and the Ministry of Economic Affairs. The ministry issued import licenses to importers but often the National Bank did not want to sell them any foreign currency (to be used to pay for goods) regardless of their legitimate licenses. The bank’s rationale for this course of action was the low level of cash cover for Estonia’s currency. This fact confirms the opinion prevalent in previous historiography that in its first years, exchange control was implemented for monetary policy purposes. Exchange control influenced almost everybody who needed to use foreign currency. Reasons had to be given even for the purchase of smaller amounts of foreign exchange.
After the devaluation of Estonia’s currency in the summer of 1933, exchange control was used to protect the interests of Estonian foreign trade. The Ministry of Economic Affairs and the National Bank started collaborating more efficiently. National Bank Exchange Commission decisions approving exchange applications demonstrate this as well. The commission accepted almost all applications for foreign exchange after the devaluation. The number of applications nearly doubled during the second half of the 1930s. Cash cover for Estonia’s currency increased and the National Bank’s exchange policy became more liberal. After the devaluation, one of the important criteria for giving foreign exchange to importers was the trade balance between the source country and Estonia. Preference was given to traders who imported goods from countries with which Estonia had a positive trade balance. Comparison of export and import in the 1930s shows that in general, Estonia managed to maintain its trade balance. At the same time, exchange control had a negative effect on incentives. In countries where exchange control was implemented, trade volume recovered more slowly in the latter half of the 1930s than in countries where it was not implemented.
SIMPLE METHODOLOGY FOR CALCULATING THE CONSTANTS OF GAROFALO EQUATION
Authors: Pernis Rudolf 
Published: December 2017

The examination of the high temperature plastic properties of metallic materials was realised by the torsion plastometer SETARAM or by the compression plastometer DIL805A/D. The brass CuZn30 was used as the test material. Peak stress detection was performed for two independent variables, temperature and velocity of deformation. The set experimental plan forms the test array 54, i.e. five temperatures 650, 700, 750, 800, 850 °C and four strain rates of 0.5, 2.5, 12.5 and 25 s-1. It was necessary to evaluate measured data and to determine the mathematical model of the peak stress. For this aim, the Garofalo equation was used. This equation contains 4 material constants. The currently method used to determine the material constants takes a relatively long time and requires a number of auxiliary calculations. In this method, nonlinear regression is often used, which requires the initial estimation of parameters. The article presents a mathematical analysis and a simple methodology for calculating the material constants of the Garofalo equation. A general linear regression is used for the calculation that does not require an initial estimate of the material constants. The numerical calculation of material constants isdocumented on the measured peak stress data.
Estimation of Suitable Areas for Coffee Growth Using a GIS Approach and Multicriteria Evaluation in Regions with Scarce Data
Authors: Ochoa Pablo A. , Chamba Yesenia M. , Arteaga Juan G. , Capa Edwin D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract.An estimate of appropriate areas for crop production is highly desirable in Ecuador and many other parts of the world for achieving optimum utilization of the available natural resources. Lack of knowledge on best methodologies of coffee management applicable to local conditions has contributed to the inefficient use of land area. This study aimed to develop maps of suitable areas for coffee production in Ecuador. The study was conducted over an area of 800 km2 approximately, where Geographic Information System (GIS) methodology proposed by the official government agency and Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) was applied. Different parameters such as hydrology, climate, and crop information were considered. Maps were validated in the field with a biophysical characterization on the coffee plots. Also, four suitability classes were defined to describe coffee production: suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and not suitable areas. More than 50% of study area is suitable and moderately suitable for coffee crop production with the two analyzes (GIS and MCE). The main constraints to increasing coffee production are poor soil depth and fertility, and rainfall amount received needs to be supplemented by irrigation. According to statistical validation both methodologies exposed in this study can be useful for other regions with scarce data to properly manage the territory. Keywords: Biophysical characterization, Coffee production area, Ecuador, GIS, Scarce data, Multi-criteria evaluation.
Changes of Some Mechanical Properties of Different Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Films during the Service Life
Authors: Emekli Nefise Yasemin , Büyüktas Kenan , Basçetinçelik Ali 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. In this study, changes on some mechanical properties such as impact resistance, tensile strength, and elongation at break of the low density polyethylene (LDPE) greenhouse films produced by CO-EX technology were investigated under natural weathering conditions during their service life of 24 months. With multi-layered UV+IR+EVA and UV+IR+EVA+AF-added two different type greenhouse cover films were used as a material. For this purpose, a construction with a slope roof of 26.5° was used. Initially, the impact resistances of UV+IR+EVA and UV+IR+EVA+AF films were determined as 1161.4 and 1164.1 g, respectively. But at the end of 24 months, it was determined that the impact resistance of these films reduced as 45.5% and 38.8%, respectively. In addition, tensile strength of the films decreased by 3.5% and 8.5% and the value of elongation at break decreased by 14% and 12%, respectively, at the end of 24 months period. The results showed that the physical structure of the films changed from the elastic form to the fragile form at the end of product life depending on environmental conditions and aging. This situation is very important for all manufacturers who engaged in greenhouse cultivation in Antalya where the greenhouse cultivation is common. Keywords: Aging, Impact strength, Low-density polyethylene film, Mechanical properties, Tensile strength.
Digital PCR: A Sensitive and Precise Method for KIT D816V Quantification in Mastocytosis
Authors: Greiner Georg , Gurbisz Michael , Ratzinger Franz , Witzeneder Nadine , Simonitsch-Klupp Ingrid , Mitterbauer-Hohendanner Gerlinde , Mayerhofer Matthias , Müllauer Leonhard , Sperr Wolfgang R , Valent Peter , Hoermann Gregor 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The analytically sensitive detection of KIT D816V in blood and bone marrow is important for diagnosing systemic mastocytosis (SM). Additionally, precise quantification of the KIT D816V variant allele fraction (VAF) is relevant clinically because it helps to predict multilineage involvement and prognosis in cases of advanced SM. Digital PCR (dPCR) is a promising new method for sensitive detection and accurate quantification of somatic mutations.

METHODS
We performed a validation study of dPCR for KIT D816V on 302 peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from 156 patients with mastocytosis for comparison with melting curve analysis after peptide nucleic acid-mediated PCR clamping (clamp-PCR) and allele-specific quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR).

RESULTS
dPCR showed a limit of detection of 0.01% VAF with a mean CV of 8.5% and identified the mutation in 90% of patients compared with 70% for clamp-PCR (P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, dPCR for KIT D816V was highly concordant with qPCR without systematic deviation of results, and confirmed the clinical value of KIT D816V VAF measurements. Thus, patients with advanced SM showed a significantly higher KIT D816V VAF (median, 2.43%) compared with patients with indolent SM (median, 0.14%; P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, dPCR confirmed the prognostic significance of a high KIT D816V VAF regarding survival (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
dPCR for KIT D816V provides a high degree of precision and sensitivity combined with the potential for interlaboratory standardization, which is crucial for the implementation of KIT D816V allele burden measurement. Thus, dPCR is suitable as a new method for KIT D816V testing in patients with mastocytosis.
Designing a system for Online Orchestra: Computer hardware and software
Authors: Prior David , Biscoe Ian , Rofe Michael , Reuben Federico 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Online Orchestra sought in its pilot performance to enable musicians in four remote locations in Cornwall, United Kingdom, to make music together over the Internet. This article considers the processes by which computer hardware and software platforms were selected, integrated and optimized for the performance. Starting with an overview of guiding design principles, details of the computer hardware and software platforms used are provided. Audio- and video-streaming solutions are surveyed, leading to a detailed analysis of JackTrip and its deployment in the final system. The network environment in which the Online Orchestra performance took place is also considered, including specifications of each of the four venues.
Designing a system for Online Orchestra: Peripheral equipment
Authors: Prior David , Reeder Philip , Rofe Michael , Biscoe Ian , Murray Samuel 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Online Orchestra is a telematic performance project, aimed at enabling young and amateur musicians in geographically remote locations to make music together over the Internet. This article reports the processes by which the audio and video peripheral equipment used for Online Orchestra was chosen and how the system was designed and used. Starting with an overview of guiding design principles, a description of methods for choosing, integrating and configuring audio and video hardware is presented. Following the development of the project from initial workgroups to the pilot performance of Online Orchestra, this article compares the ‘ideal’ test scenarios of workgroups with the reality of deploying the technology in a performance context and concludes with an account of using the system on site.
Notes from the podium of an Online Orchestra
Authors: Hargreaves Jonathan J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Online Orchestra placed significant demands on its conductor, with a role that included rehearsing and directing remote musicians over the Internet. This article presents a first-hand reflective account from the conductor of Online Orchestra, including details of trials, rehearsals and the final performance. Practical considerations such as conducting technique, visual framing and ensemble seating are considered, as are reflections on conducting in a latency-rich environment. This leads to the conclusion that many traditional approaches to conducting apply in telematic performance, and the suggestion that there is significant scope for musicians to learn and grow in ability when making music online.
White Cart Loom
Authors: Isley Vicky , Smith Paul 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
British artists Vicky Isley and Paul Smith (collectively known as boredomresearch) were commissioned in 2016 by the University of the West of Scotland (UWS) to produce a new digital artwork with the aim of supporting Paisley’s bid to be City of Culture 2021. The commission was co-funded by UWS and Renfrewshire Council, Scotland. The resulting artwork titled White Cart Loom weaves a narrative combining Paisley’s rich industrial past with current scientific and ecological work, fighting to save a rare organism from extinction.
Open source ELMER software based FEM modeling of waveguides and resonant cavities for microwave heating and drying devices
Authors: Szałatkiewicz Jakub , Szewczyk Roman , Kalinowski Mateusz , Kataja Juhani , Råback Peter , Ruokolainen Juha , Kachniarz Maciej 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Microwave devices are widely used in the industry and in the specialized laboratory analyses. Development of such devices requires the possibility of modeling of microwave energy distribution in the specific resonant chambers. Until now, such modeling was possible only with the use of commercial software or was limited to specific cases. The paper presents an open-source module for ELMER software for solving timeharmonic Maxwell’s equations, allowing modeling of microwave waveguide lines. Three test cases of different resonant chambers are investigated at 2.45 GHz frequency. Modeling results obtained from the open-source ELMER Vectorial Helmholtz module show that the application of this software can be effective in R&D works, enabling high-tech small and medium enterprises involvement in advanced microwave technology.
A new circuit topology using Z-source resonant inverter for high power contactless power transfer applications
Authors: Ghosh Prabhat Chandra , Sadhu Pradip Kumar , Ghosh Ankita , Pal Nitai 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In this study, a new circuit topology using a Z-source resonant inverter (ZSRI) for high power applications in large-air-gap contactless power transfer (CPT) systems, has been investigated. The main shortcoming of a large-air-gap CPT system is the poor power transfer efficiency due to low magnetic coupling. In order to minimize this shortcoming and to improve the overall performance of the system by boosting the power transfer capability, in this paper a CPT system with the newly developed circuit topology using high frequency Z-source resonant inverter has been proposed. Using the newly developed circuit topology for the CPT system, it has been observed that the overall performance of the system has been improved to a reasonable level with a purely sinusoidal resonant current flowing through the primary side. Therefore, no harmonics will be injected into the source. The proposed CPT system with an air gap of 16 cm and a misalignment of 3 cm has been simulated using the Maxwell finite element tool and Simplorer circuit simulation software for an output power of 2 kW.