bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Safety of Ozanimod, a Novel Sphingosine‐1‐Phosphate Receptor Modulator: Results of a Thorough QT/QTc Study
Authors: Tran Jonathan Q. , Hartung Jeffrey P. , Olson Allan D. , Mendzelevski Boaz , Timony Gregg A. , Boehm Marcus F. , Peach Robert J. , Gujrathi Sheila , Frohna Paul A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOzanimod is a novel, selective, oral sphingosine‐1‐phosphate (1 and 5) receptor modulator in development for multiple sclerosis and inflammatory bowel disease. This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, positive‐controlled, parallel‐group thorough QT study characterized the effects of ozanimod on cardiac repolarization in healthy subjects. Eligible subjects were randomized to 1 of 2 groups: ozanimod (escalated from 0.25 to 2 mg over 14 days) or placebo (for 14 days). A single dose of moxifloxacin 400 mg or placebo was administered on days 2 and 17. The primary end point was the time‐matched, placebo‐corrected, baseline‐adjusted mean QTcF (ΔΔQTcF). A total of 113/124 (91.1%) subjects completed the study. The upper limits of the 2‐sided 90% confidence intervals for ΔΔQTcF for both ozanimod 1 and 2 mg were below the 10‐millisecond regulatory threshold. No QTcF >480 milliseconds or postdose change in QTcF of >60 milliseconds was observed. There was no evidence of a positive relationship between concentrations of ozanimod and its active metabolites and ΔΔQTcF. Although ozanimod blunted the observed diurnal increase in heart rate, excursions below predose heart rates were no greater than with placebo. Results demonstrate that ozanimod does not prolong the QTc interval or cause clinically significant bradycardia, supporting ozanimod's evolving favorable cardiac safety profile.
Evolutionary agroecology: individual fitness and population yield in wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Weiner Jacob , Du Yan‐Lei , Zhang Cong , Qin Xiao‐Liang , Li Feng‐Min 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlthough the importance of group selection in nature is highly controversial, several researchers have argued that plant breeding for agriculture should be based on group selection, because the goal in agriculture is to optimize population production, not individual fitness. A core hypothesis behind this claim is that crop genotypes with the highest individual fitness in a mixture of genotypes will not produce the highest population yield, because fitness is often increased by “selfish” behaviors, which reduce population performance. We tested this hypothesis by growing 35 cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in mixtures and monocultures, and analyzing the relationship between population yield in monoculture and individual yield in mixture. The relationship was unimodal, as predicted. The highest‐yielding populations were from cultivars that had intermediate fitness, and these produced, on average, 35% higher yields than cultivars with the highest fitness. It is unlikely that plant breeding or genetic engineering can improve traits that natural selection has been optimizing for millions of years, but there is unutilized potential in traits that increase crop yield by decreasing individual fitness.
Charge‐ and Electric‐Field‐Controlled Switchable Carbon Dioxide Capture and Gas Separation on a C2N Monolayer
Authors: Qin Gang‐qiang , Du Ai‐jun , Sun Qiao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe use of advanced materials with a high selectivity and easy regeneration to capture CO2 from a gas mixture is an effective strategy to reduce the greenhouse effect. In this study, we report a comprehensive investigation of CO2, N2, CH4, and H2 adsorption on a C2N monolayer by using DFT calculations. We find that CO2 is adsorbed weakly on a neutral C2N monolayer, and the interaction between CO2 and C2N can be enhanced considerably by applying a negative charge or an external electric field to C2N. Moreover, once the charge state/electric field is switched off, CO2 is released spontaneously from the C2N. However, in contrast to the adsorption of CO2, the interaction between N2/CH4/H2 and C2N is physisorption under all of the above conditions. In all, our study demonstrates that the C2N monolayer can be used as an excellent material for highly selective and reversible CO2 capture and gas separation through the strategy of switching on/off its charge state/electric field. In addition, as a 2 D material, the C2N monolayer possesses a narrow band gap (1.70 eV) that ensures that the application of a charge/electric field can be realized easily experimentally by electrochemical methods.
Porous titanium scaffolds with self‐assembled micro/nano‐hierarchical structure for dual functions of bone regeneration and anti‐infection
Authors: Han Lu , Wang Menghao , Sun Honglong , Li Pengfei , Wang Kefeng , Ren Fuzeng , Lu Xiong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPorous titanium (Ti) scaffolds are widely used for bone repair because of their good biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance. However, pristine Ti scaffolds are bioinert and unable to induce bone regeneration. In this study, chitosan coated bovine serum albumin nanoparticles (CBSA NPs) and oxidized alginate (OSA) were in a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) manner on Ti scaffolds. The LbL film possessed micro/nano‐hierarchical architectures, has the features of nanostructures, and possesses abundant functional groups from CBSA NPs and OSA to improve the surface biocompatibility and biofunctionality of Ti scaffolds. These groups provide active sites for stable and efficient immobilization of bone morphogenic protein‐2 (BMP2) through chemical and physical interactions without compromising its bioactivity. The synergistic effect of the hierarchical structure of assembled films and immobilized BMP2 on the scaffold improves cell adhesion, proliferation, and induces osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. Moreover, this modification also enhances ectopic bone formation bone. Furthermore, grafting of vancomycin on OSA resulted in good antibacterial activity of Ti scaffolds for prevention of infection during the bone healing process. In summary, this NPs‐assembling method is convenient and effective to produce nanostructures and to load growth factors and antibacterial agents into Ti scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3482–3492, 2017.
Customized, degradable, functionally graded scaffold for potential treatment of early stage osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Kawai Toshiyuki , Shanjani Yaser , Fazeli Saba , Behn Anthony W. , Okuzu Yaichiro , Goodman Stuart B. , Yang Yunzhi P. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTOsteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a debilitating disease that results in progressive collapse of the femoral head and subsequent degenerative arthritis. Few treatments provide both sufficient mechanical support and biological cues for regeneration of bone and vascularity when the femoral head is still round and therefore salvageable. We designed and 3D printed a functionally graded scaffold (FGS) made of polycaprolactone (PCL) and β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) with spatially controlled porosity, degradation, and mechanical strength properties to reconstruct necrotic bone tissue in the femoral head. The FGS was designed to have low porosity segments (15% in proximal and distal segments) and a high porosity segment (60% in middle segment) according to the desired mechanical and osteoconductive properties at each specific site after implantation into the femoral head. The FGS was inserted into a bone tunnel drilled in rabbit femoral neck and head, and at 8 weeks after implantation, the tissue formation as well as scaffold degradation was analyzed. Micro‐CT analysis demonstrated that the FGS‐filled group had a significantly higher bone ingrowth ratio compared to the empty‐tunnel group, and the difference was higher at the distal low porosity segments. The in vivo degradation rate of the scaffold was higher in the proximal and distal segments than in the middle segment. Histological analysis of both non‐decalcified and calcified samples clearly indicated new bone ingrowth and bone marrow‐containing bone formation across the FGS. A 3D printed PCL‐β‐TCP FGS appears to be a promising customized resorbable load‐bearing implant for treatment of early stage ONFH. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1002–1011, 2018.
In situ force in the anterior cruciate ligament, the lateral collateral ligament, and the anterolateral capsule complex during a simulated pivot shift test
Authors: Bell Kevin M. , Rahnemai‐Azar Ata A. , Irarrazaval Sebastian , Guenther Daniel , Fu Freddie H. , Musahl Volker , Debski Richard E. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe role of the anterolateral capsule complex in knee rotatory stability remains controversial. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the in situ forces in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), the anterolateral capsule, the lateral collateral ligament (LCL), and the forces transmitted between each region of the anterolateral capsule in response to a simulated pivot shift test. A robotic testing system applied a simulated pivot shift test continuously from full extension to 90° of flexion to intact cadaveric knees (n = 7). To determine the magnitude of the in situ forces, kinematics of the intact knee were replayed in position control mode after the following procedures were performed: (i) ACL transection; (ii) capsule separation; (iii) anterolateral capsule transection; and (iii) LCL transection. A repeated measures ANOVA was performed to compare in situ forces between each knee state (*p < 0.05). The in situ force in the ACL was significantly greater than the forces transmitted between each region of the anterolateral capsule at 5° and 15° of flexion but significantly lower at 60°, 75°, and 90° of flexion. This study demonstrated that the ACL is the primary rotatory stabilizer at low flexion angles during a simulated pivot shift test in the intact knee, but the anterolateral capsule plays an important secondary role at flexion angles greater than 60°. Furthermore, the contribution of the “anterolateral ligament” to rotatory knee stability in this study was negligible during a simulated pivot shift test. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:847–853, 2018.
Intravenous iron sucrose and ferric carboxymaltose in pregnant patients: an observational study of maternal efficacy and tolerance
Authors: Boughton Selina , Chen Lily , Kidson‐Gerber Giselle , Curtain Colin , Zaidi Syed Tabish R. , Henry Amanda 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo compare the tolerability and effectiveness of ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) and iron sucrose (FeS) in pregnant women with iron deficiency (ID).MethodsRetrospective audit of pregnant women in their second or third trimesters receiving intravenous (IV) FCM or FeS at an Australian tertiary maternity hospital from January 2007 to July 2013. Demographics, haematological and infusion details, including adverse events and pregnancy outcomes, were compared using Student's t‐test, Chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests.ResultsEighty‐three women had 94 infusions (56 FCM requiring 2 h in Day Stay; 38 FeS requiring 6 h in Acute Care) administered. There were no significant demographic differences between groups. Neither group had anaphylactic reaction or unplanned admission after infusion. Non‐anaphylactic adverse reactions at first infusion were lower in the FCM group (16 vs 34%, p = 0.049). Pre‐infusion mean Hb and ferritin were 98.1 g/L ± 10.8 g/L and 9.7 μg/L ± 6.2 μg/L in the FCM group and 98.3 g/L ± 11.7 g/L and 8.0 μg/L ± 3.9 μg/L in the FeS group. Post‐infusion, both groups had significantly higher Hb and ferritin: rises of 12.7 g/L and 296 μg/L, respectively for FCM (p < 0.001 vs all pre‐infusion values) and rises of 8.9 g/L and 105 μg/L in FeS (p < 0.05 vs all pre‐infusion values). Pregnancy outcomes, including post partum haemorrhage rates, were similar between groups.ConclusionAlthough haematological parameters improved following infusion in both groups, FCM had a lower incidence of infusion‐related adverse events compared to FeS. Although sample size is small, given decreased monitoring and infusion time required for FCM, it may become the preferred formulation for ID treatment in pregnancy.
Habitat suitability modeling for mink passage activity: A cautionary tale
Authors: Martinig April Robin 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTMany studies have evaluated wildlife passage effectiveness, but few have explored how accurately passage activity can be modeled. I created a habitat suitability index (HSI) model for American mink (Neovison vison) using a geographic information system with 17 wildlife passages located in Quebec, Canada as validation for the model. I addressed how well HSI modeling using constrained habitat data could determine mink passage activity and tested model sensitivity to different parameterizations. Uncertainty analysis revealed that the HSI model was sensitive to extreme changes in factor weights and scale. I used a generalized linear model to test how well the constrained HSI model explained the variability in passage activity (counts). For the HSI model (and all alternatives) the HSI scores were negatively associated with passage use. The predictive power of all models greatly improved after including aspects related to passage construction, with the pseudo‐R2increasing by 64–73%. These findings suggest that the constrained HSI models are a poor predicator of passage activity for mink, but wildlife passage characteristics are highly predictive. Transportation agencies would benefit from the ability to make informed planning decisions; however, greater care is required to determine passage suitability. The proper implementation of these tools requires knowledge of habitat preferences and how movement is influenced by the wildlife passages themselves. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Perceptions of the laryngology Match: A survey of program directors and recent trainees
Authors: Formeister Eric J. , Courey Mark S. , Yung Katherine C. 
Published: August 2017

Objectives/HypothesisEvaluate program director and recent trainee perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of the laryngology Match.Study DesignWeb‐based survey study.MethodsA Web‐based survey study was distributed to program directors and recent laryngology trainees to evaluate perceptions of the laryngology Match. A 15‐item questionnaire with free‐form, Likert, and multiple selection answers was emailed to 115 recent/current trainees and 22 laryngology directors.ResultsFifty‐nine percent (13/22) of the program directors and 47% (54/115) of the recent trainees responded to the survey. There were significant increases in the number of programs applied to, interview offers received, and interviews attended by laryngology trainees who applied after adoption of the Match compared to those who applied prior to the Match. Seventy‐one percent (22/31) of applicants after 2012 participated in the Match; those who did not accepted positions outside of the Match. Ninety‐five percent (21/22) who applied through the Match successfully matched. Two‐thirds of recent trainees and three‐quarters of directors believe the Match process primarily benefits the applicant. The number of candidates interviewed per program approximately doubled from three to six after institution of the Match.ConclusionsOverall, both program directors and recent or current laryngology trainees have a positive perception of the laryngology match process. The Match process increased the number of applicants and interviews per year, which both directors and trainees believe increases an applicant's chance at successfully matching.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 127:2818–2822, 2017
Utility of preoperative fine needle aspiration in parotid lesions
Authors: Eytan Danielle F. , Yin Linda X. , Maleki Zahra , Koch Wayne M. , Tufano Ralph P. , Eisele David W. , Boahene Kofi D. O. , Fakhry Carole , Bishop Justin A. , Westra William H. , Gourin Christine G. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesPreoperative fine needle aspiration (FNA) of parotid lesions often is used in the initial evaluation of parotid masses, but its role in guiding surgical decision making remains unclear, in part due to varying diagnostic accuracy reported. We sought to evaluate the role of preoperative FNA in detection of malignancy and impact on surgical management.Study DesignRetrospective study.MethodsThe medical records of patients who underwent parotidectomy at a single tertiary medical center were reviewed from 2000 to 2015. Patients who had a preoperative FNA comprised the study cohort.ResultsA total of 1,074 consecutive patients underwent parotidectomy during the study period; of those, 477 had a preoperative FNA. FNA was nondiagnostic in 26 cases. There were 29 false positives (6.4%), 26 false negatives (5.8%), 122 true positives (27.1%), and 274 true negatives (60.8%). The sensitivity and specificity of FNA were 82.4% and 90.4%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 80.8% and a negative predictive value of 91.3%. The overall accuracy of preoperative FNA was 87.8%. The preoperative FNA resulted in a change in the surgical plan in 85 (18.9%) cases. In 66 of these cases (78%), surgery was extended to include neck dissection at time of resection. In 10 cases, FNA led to surgical management over surveillance. In 11 cases, FNA downgraded the extent of surgery planned to an excisional biopsy.ConclusionPreoperative FNA is a valuable adjunct in the surgical management of parotid lesions, with high specificity for the detection of malignant disease.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:398–402, 2018
Resident responses to after‐hours otolaryngology patient phone calls: An overlooked aspect of residency training?
Authors: Lehmann Ashton E. , Kozin Elliott D. , Sethi Rosh K. V. , Wong Kevin , Lin Brian M. , Gray Stacey T. , Cunningham Michael J. 
Published: August 2017

Objectives/HypothesisOtolaryngology residents are often responsible for triaging after‐hours patient calls. However, residents receive little training on this topic. Data are limited on the clinical content, reporting, and management of otolaryngology patient calls. This study aimed to characterize the patient concerns residents handle by phone and their subsequent management and reporting.Study DesignRetrospective review.MethodsFive hundred consecutive after‐hours patient calls in a tertiary pediatric hospital were reviewed. Data collected included patient and caller demographics, clinical concerns, surgical history, recommendations, and subsequent emergency department (ED) visits.ResultsOn average, 3.7 calls occurred per shift, 2.8 on weekday and 5.9 on weekend shifts. Mean patient age was 6.6 years. Mothers (71%) called most frequently. The majority of calls were postoperative (64.2%). Of postoperative calls, most occurred within 3 days of surgery (52.3%). Most calls were for surgical site bleeding (19.9%). Residents recommended ED evaluation for 17.2% of calls, of which 20.9% returned to the primary institution ED. ED evaluation was recommended more frequently for postoperative patients (P = .040), particularly following adenotonsillectomy (51.2%) or surgical site bleeding (18.6%). With respect to documentation, 32.8% of medical record numbers were absent, 11.8% had name errors, and 2.2% of patients could not be identified.ConclusionsThis is the first study to analyze the management and reporting of patient calls by otolaryngology residents. A wide array of clinical concerns are triaged by phone conversations. The study has implications for both resident and patient education.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:E163–E170, 2018
Volumetric MRI thermometry using a three‐dimensional stack‐of‐stars echo‐planar imaging pulse sequence
Authors: Jonathan Sumeeth V. , Grissom William A. 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTo measure temperature over a large brain volume with fine spatiotemporal resolution.MethodsA three‐dimensional stack‐of‐stars echo‐planar imaging sequence combining echo‐planar imaging and radial sampling with golden angle spacing was implemented at 3T for proton resonance frequency‐shift temperature imaging. The sequence acquires a 188x188x43 image matrix with 1.5x1.5x2.75 mm3 spatial resolution. Temperature maps were reconstructed using sensitivity encoding (SENSE) image reconstruction followed by the image domain hybrid method, and using the k‐space hybrid method. In vivo temperature maps were acquired without heating to measure temperature precision in the brain, and in a phantom during high‐intensity focused ultrasound sonication.ResultsIn vivo temperature standard deviation was less than 1°C at dynamic scan times down to 0.75 s. For a given frame rate, scanning at a minimum repetition time (TR) with minimum acceleration yielded the lowest standard deviation. With frame rates around 3 s, the scan was tolerant to a small number of receive coils, and temperature standard deviation was 48% higher than a standard two‐dimensional Fourier transform temperature mapping scan, but provided whole‐brain coverage. Phantom temperature maps with no visible aliasing were produced for dynamic scan times as short as 0.38 s. k‐Space hybrid reconstructions were more tolerant to acceleration.ConclusionThree‐dimensional stack‐of‐stars echo‐planar imaging temperature mapping provides volumetric brain coverage and fine spatiotemporal resolution. Magn Reson Med 79:2003–2013, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Repräsentative Vorkrümmungen e0 für das Biegeknicken – Ergänzende Untersuchungen
Authors: Lindner Joachim 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFrau Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Ulrike Kuhlmann zur Vollendung ihres 60. Lebensjahres gewidmetFür den Nachweis eines Druckstabs gibt es nach Eurocode 3 zwei Möglichkeiten: Nachweis nach dem Ersatzstabverfahren oder Nachweis nach Theorie II. Ordnung. Für die zweite Möglichkeit ist es erforderlich. Vorkrümmungen e0 zu berücksichtigen. Diese werden im Regelfall nach DIN EN 1993‐1‐1, Tabelle 5.1 gewählt. Die bisher verwendeten Werte sind zu ändern, was insbesondere in [5] durch die Erläuterung umfangreicher Untersuchungen belegt wurde. Diese werden ergänzt durch die hier vorgestellten Auswertungen zu Versuchen und zusätzliche Untersuchungen an Stäben mit der Stahlsorte S700. Weiterhin werden Hinweise gegeben, dass auch die bisherige Gleichung (5.10), mit deren Hilfe die Vorverkrümmung e0 in Abhängigkeit des bezogenen Schlankheitsgrades λ berechnet werden kann, zu modifizieren ist.
Trends in steel structures concerning materials, codes and applications
Authors: Snijder H. H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFrau Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Ulrike Kuhlmann zur Vollendung ihres 60. Lebensjahres gewidmetTrends im Stahlbau bezüglich Material, Normung und Anwendung.In diesem Aufsatz wird eine Übersicht über Trends im Stahlbau bezüglich der Materialien, Normung und Anwendungen gegeben. Einer dieser Trends führt hin zum vermehrten Einsatz höherfester Baustähle mit entsprechenden Konsequenzen für die Auslegung der Konstruktionen. Zurzeit wird an der nächsten Version von Eurocode 3, Teil 1‐1 [1] gearbeitet. Viele der dort enthaltenen Bemessungsregeln sind weiterzuentwickeln und Hinweise aus dem sogenannten „systematic review” sind zu berücksichtigen. Eine Reihe von Änderungen zu EN 1993‐1‐1 wurden bereits durch den verantwortlichen Ausschuss für den Eurocode 3, den CEN/TC250/SC3, akzeptiert, der sehr effektiv von Prof. Ulrike Kuhlmann geleitet wird. In diesem Beitrag werden einige Inhalte dieser Änderungen wiedergegeben. Der Anwendungsbereich wird unter anderem dadurch erweitert, dass die höherfesten Baustähle aufgenommen werden. Neben den Entwicklungen bezüglich des Materials und der Normung gibt es auch Trends in der Anwendung von Stahlkonstruktionen. Selbstverständlich stehen diese Trends in Beziehung zueinander und beeinflussen sich gegenseitig.