bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing Solutions to the Waitlist Problem for Eating Disorder Treatments
Authors: Wade Tracey D. , Jabs Maya , Keegan Ella , Long Randall , McGregor Andrew , Pellizzer Mia , de Valle Madelaine , Radunz Marcela 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe examine the small amount of research to date that describes and/or evaluates waitlist interventions as a precursor to treatment for an eating disorder (ED) with the intent to provide recommendations for future research that can further test the efficacy and effectiveness of waitlist interventions.MethodA review of published studies showed the standard of proof about the usefulness of waitlist interventions to be slight, with important gaps in our knowledge. One such gap was whether recovered people with lived experience could provide support to adults waiting for treatment. We briefly present new research evaluating this approach (N = 40), where people waiting for treatment were randomized to waitlist as usual or guided self‐help with a trainee psychologist or a person with lived experience.ResultsEight published studies across 10 different programs are described; N = 7 addressed waitlists for children and adolescents, and only three were randomized controlled trials. Our new research did not support the involvement of people with lived experience at this stage of the treatment journey.DiscussionThe results suggest some promise of waitlist interventions. Parents waiting for family‐based treatment were able to improve weight and nutritional health in their children and experienced improved self‐efficacy with respect to managing the ED. Provision of a waitlist intervention to adults may increase the probability of later engagement in treatment. It is still not possible to conclude whether waitlist interventions improve outcomes over treatment compared to those who did not receive such an intervention. We make five recommendations for future research.
Evaluating variation of respiration:photosynthesis ratio in sagebrush species: Implications for carbon flux modeling
Authors: Sharma Harmandeep , Reinhardt Keith , Lohse Kathleen A. , Aho Ken 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPlant respiration and photosynthesis are the two main processes influencing carbon (C) flux balance at leaf‐to‐ecosystem scales. The ratio of respiration to photosynthesis (R:A) or carbon use efficiency (CUE) is considered an important trait for determining global carbon storage in the near future. One school of thought assumes that R:A is constant in terrestrial productivity models, irrespective of biomass, climate, and species. Others believe it is variable, although within a limited range. Semiarid systems dominated by woody vegetation, such as sagebrush steppe, have been recognized as potentially important C sinks on regional to global scales in the context of future climate scenarios. Therefore, there is a critical need to study R:A over different organizational scales (i.e., at the leaf, whole plant, and ecosystem scales) to use this approach for future C flux predictions under climate change scenarios. The objective of this study was to compare leaf‐, shrub‐, and ecosystem‐scale R:A among three sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) communities, and to determine how R:A varies throughout the growing season (i.e., early, mid‐, and late summer) among these communities. We measured photosynthesis and respiration monthly in three sagebrush communities spanning a 685‐m elevation gradient at the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed and Critical Zone Observatory in southwestern Idaho. Consistent with our expectations, we found large seasonal variations in R and A at all scales, but with differences in A among the three sagebrush communities significant only at the leaf scale. The R:A ratio was not significantly different among the three species at all organizational scales. However, the R:A ratio did vary among months at the leaf level and there was a statistical interaction between species and month at both leaf and shrub levels. Our study indicates that the R:A ratio is generally conservative, although not tightly constrained (range: 0.12–0.77) among three sagebrush species. Therefore, approaches that assume conservative R:A ratios in terrestrial productivity models need to be considered carefully to evaluate the impact of projected climatic changes on future C cycling in shrub‐dominated rangeland ecosystems.
A machine learning tool for identifying newly diagnosed heart failure in individuals with known diabetes in primary care
Authors: Wändell Per , Carlsson Axel C. , Eriksson Julia , Wachtler Caroline , Ruge Toralph 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsWe aimed to create a predictive model utilizing machine learning (ML) to identify new cases of congestive heart failure (CHF) in individuals with diabetes in primary health care (PHC) through the analysis of diagnostic data.MethodsWe used a sex‐ and age‐matched case–control design. Cases of new CHF were identified across all outpatient care settings 2015–2022 (n = 9098). We included individuals 30 years and above, by sex and age groups of 30–65 years and >65 years. The controls (five per case) were sampled from the individuals in 2015–2022 without CHF at any time between 2010 and 2022, in total 45 490. From the stochastic gradient boosting (SGB) technique model, we obtained a rank of the 10 most important factors related to newly diagnosed CHF in individuals with diabetes, with the normalized relative influence (NRI) score and a corresponding odds ratio of marginal effects (ORME). Area under curve (AUC) was calculated.ResultsFor women 30–65 years and >65 years, we identified 488 and 3240 new cases of CHF, respectively, and men 30–65 years and >65 years 1196 and 4174 new cases. Among the 10 most important factors in the four groups (divided by sex and lower and higher age) for newly diagnosed CHF, we found the number of visits 12 months before diagnosis (NRI 44.3%–55.9%), coronary artery disease (NRI 2.9%–7.8%), atrial fibrillation and flutter (NRI 6.6%–12.2%) and ‘abnormalities of breathing’ (ICD‐10 code R06) (NRI 2.6%–4.4%) were predictive in all groups. For younger women, a diagnosis of COPD (NRI 2.7%) contributed to the predictive effect, while for older women, oedema (NRI 3.1%) and number of years with diabetes (NRI 3.5%) contributed to the predictive effect. For men in both age groups, chronic renal disease had predictive effect (NRI 3.9%–5.1%) The model prediction of CHF among patients with diabetes was high, AUC around 0.85 for the four groups, and with sensitivity over 0.783 and specificity over 0.708 for all four groups.ConclusionsAn SGB model using routinely collected data about diagnoses and number of visits in primary care, can accurately predict risk for diagnosis of heart failure in individuals with diabetes. Age and sex difference in predictive factors warrant further examination.
An Experimental Investigation on Synthesis, Characterization, and Photothermal Conversion Efficiency of Stable Aqueous Nanofluids Containing Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes for Direct Absorption Solar Collectors
Authors: George John , Sadanandan Sreekanth Meledath 
Published: October 2024

The nanofluids are the potential substitute in solar collectors as working fluids for better photothermal conversion efficiency. The present investigation focuses on the development of aqueous‐based nanofluids comprising multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with and without surfactants to enhance the capacity of photothermal conversion in direct absorption solar collectors. To improve the stability of the nanofluid, the gum Arabic (GA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are used as the surfactants. The stable nanofluid was characterized using UV‐visible spectroscopy, zeta potential, fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. The results indicated that the thermal conductivity was enhanced by 94.57% and 91.19% for the MWCNT/GA/deionized (DI) water and MWCNTs/PVA/DI water based nanofluids in presence of surfactants at 90 °C and 0.02 wt%. The presence of surfactant in MWCNTs/DI water nanofluids exhibit excellent stability and enhanced MWCNTs dispersion. In the photothermal response analysis, the highest temperature of 62.8 °C, which is 16 °C higher than the base fluid, is obtained from 0.02wt% MWCNT/GA nanofluid. The highest efficiency of 27.94% is recorded when 0.02wt% MWCNT/GA nanofluid is used, which shows 71.24% enhancement as compared to the DI water after exposure of 30 minutes under solar irradiation. The use of MWCNTs/GA nanofluid as light‐absorbing working fluids in solar collectors is encouraged in the present investigation.
Production and recycling of blast furnace slag: A life cycle assessment approach in India
Authors: Meshram Rohit B. , Sahoo Kanai L. , Yadav Ganapati D. , Marathe Kumudini V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article investigated the cradle‐to‐gate environmental impact of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) produced in the steel industry and replacement of blast furnace (BF) slag (50%) in place of clinker in Portland slag cement using GaBi software (Indian extension database). In case of GBFS production, maximum burden on the environment is due to BF slag production and the amount of electricity consumed (161 MJ/ton) during the granulation process. The influence of electricity sources on GBFS production was studied via scenario analysis. For investigation, solar and thermal electricity mixes were considered in 50:50 and 75:25 ratios. For the 75:25 ratios, the abiotic depletion potential (fossil), acidification, eutrophication, global warming, and human toxicity potential show a decreasing trend of approximately 45%, 49%, 48%, 46%, and 41%, respectively. The scenario analysis of BF slag transportation (from 100 to 750 km) demonstrates a negative impact due to fuel. The results quantitatively confirm that the addition of GBFS can lower the overall impact for construction and steel industries.
A Relaxation Scheme for the Simulation of Two‐Phase Flows With Inaccessible Pore Volume in Polymer Flooding
Authors: Berthon C. , Braconnier B. , Dongmo Nguepi G. L. , Preux C. , Tran Q. H. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe simulation of polymer injection in a reservoir is of paramount importance in enhanced oil recovery. Despite decades of research, the computation of polymer flows in porous media remains a challenging task. The main difficulty lies in the necessity to take into account the effect of inaccessible pore volumes (IPV), for which standard closure laws give rise to a weakly hyperbolic or even non‐hyperbolic system. In the latter case, exponential instabilities may appear at the continuous level, which must be addressed at the discrete level so as to prevent a premature stop of the numerical simulations. The notion of IPV was introduced by engineers in order to account for the following observation: when a polymer solution is injected into an initial core saturated with water, the breakthrough of the polymer at the exit occurs before that of the water in which it is injected. It seems that due to their large size, the polymer molecules cannot insinuate themselves into all pores as well as water. Having less volume to flood, the polymer molecules see their speed increased, hence the ad hoc acceleration factor associated with the polymer. In this work, we propose a relaxation method that guarantees some practical robustness for all IPV laws. This is achieved by replacing the original system by a relaxation model which is always hyperbolic. The designed relaxation model involves two parameters which enable us not only to adjust the correct amount of numerical dissipation, but also to ensure positivity for some critical quantities such as water saturation and polymer concentration. Extensive numerical tests are performed in order to compare the relaxation scheme to the more classical upwind scheme for several IPV laws.
An expository analysis of biomechanical and subjective impacts induced by shoe inserts in asymptomatic subjects: A systematic review on functionality and mechanisms of action
Authors: Ahmad Waseem , Alam Md Sarfaraz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis systematic review explores the biomechanical and subjective effects of shoe inserts, including foot orthotics (FOs) and insoles, in asymptomatic subjects. Aimed at understanding their implications, the review poses two key research questions: (i) the influence of shoe inserts on lower extremity biomechanics and subjective perception and (ii) the effects of different design characteristics on these aspects. Following Preferred Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis guidelines, a meticulous search of Scopus and PubMed from August 2022 to March 2023 yielded 34 articles, with 26 focusing on biomechanical effects and eight on comfort effects. The studies, conducted during static and dynamic activities, such as standing, walking, jogging, running, jumping, and cycling, reveal significant reductions in rearfoot eversion, knee joint forces, and lower extremity muscle forces through postings and wedging in FOs. Changes in stiffness impact rearfoot kinematics, plantar pressure distribution, and ankle–foot power distribution. Conversely, surface texture and arch variations demonstrate limited significance. FOs and shoe inserts, characterized by geometric, material, location, size, and fabrication features, effectively regulate forces and moments on the lower extremity. This control promotes uniform plantar pressure distribution and enhances comfort during various activities. These insights benefit manufacturers, clinicians, and stakeholders, providing a deeper understanding of the positive benefits of FOs and shoe inserts. However, further well‐designed studies on clinical populations are necessary to validate these findings and establish their clinical efficacy, as the current focus remains on healthy subjects.
Family First: An Integrative Conceptual Review of Nepotism in Organizations
Authors: Schilpzand Pauline , Lagios Constantin , Restubog Simon Lloyd D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWorkplace nepotism, the preferential treatment based on kinship or familial ties, is a pervasive phenomenon that permeates every corner of our global workforce, transcending cultures, countries, industries, and organizations. Despite its ubiquitous presence, research on nepotism remains fragmented and scattered, with diverse disciplines seldom converging or cross‐referencing one another. In this integrative review, we synthesize, integrate, and critically assess the extant body of knowledge about workplace nepotism. Our aim is to provide HR scholars with a panoramic view of the known, the unknown, and the uncharted territories to move the field forward. To this end, we first provide a clear conceptualization of nepotism, setting it apart from closely related constructs. Second, we offer a comprehensive review of empirical evidence that summarizes the antecedents, consequences, and theoretical foundations of nepotism. Importantly, our review adopts an actor‐centric perspective, advocating that three main sets of actors are meaningfully involved in nepotism (i.e., instigators, beneficiaries, and third parties), thereby contributing to theory by showing that nepotism may differentially relate to outcomes depending on which actor's perspective is taken. Third, we identify the shortcomings related to theory, methods, and measures, while identifying best practices. In particular, we offer insights into how future scholarship may meaningfully extend this literature. Finally, we provide evidence‐based guidelines for how organizations and their leaders may develop and refine their policies regarding the hiring, promotion, evaluation, and compensation of family members and relatives.
The rising tide of tuberculosis in Pakistan: Factors, impact, and multi‐faceted approaches for prevention and control
Authors: Ullah Hamid , Ahmed Hafsa , Salman Ariba , Iqbal Rabia , Hussaini Sayed Jawad , Malikzai Abdullah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health concern in Pakistan, which is ranked fifth among high‐burden TB nations worldwide. The growing frequency of drug‐resistant TB strains, particularly multidrug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB), creates new obstacles. Socioeconomic factors, a lack of awareness, and inadequate healthcare infrastructure all contribute to the spread of the disease.ObjectiveThis study investigates the mechanisms contributing to the growth in tuberculosis cases in Pakistan, the implications for public health, and multifaceted approaches to prevention and control.MethodsA comprehensive literature study was undertaken, including an analysis of peer‐reviewed articles, World Health Organization (WHO) data, and government sources, to identify factors driving tuberculosis prevalence, control issues, and disease‐fighting tactics.Result: Several factors like Poverty, overcrowding, malnutrition, stigma, and restricted access to healthcare services are all factors contributing to an increase in tuberculosis incidence in Pakistan. The prevalence of MDR‐TB, along with a lack of an integrated healthcare response, complicates efforts to contain the disease's spread. Tuberculosis has a profound social, mental, and financial impact on individuals and communities. Public health efforts, such as the National Tuberculosis Control Program (NTP) and international partnerships, have been created to eradicate tuberculosis, although considerable hurdles persist.ObjectiveThis study investigates the mechanisms contributing to the growth in tuberculosis cases in Pakistan, the implications for public health, and multifaceted approaches to prevention and control.
Pharmacogenomics revolutionizing cardiovascular therapeutics: A narrative review
Authors: Inshutiyimana Samuel , Ramadan Nagham , Razzak Rawane Abdul , Al Maaz Zeina , Wojtara Magda , Uwishema Olivier 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimAmong the cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), heart failure, hypertension, and myocardial infarction are associated with the greatest number of disability‐adjusted life years due to lifestyle changes and the failure of therapeutic approaches, especially the one‐size‐fits‐all interventions. As a result, there has been advances in defining genetic variants responsible for different responses to cardiovascular drugs such as antiplatelets, anticoagulants, statins, and beta‐blockers, which has led to their usage in guiding treatment plans. This study comprehensively reviews the current state‐of‐the‐art potential of pharmacogenomics in dramatically altering CVD treatment. It stresses the applicability of pharmacogenomic technology, the threats associated with its adoption in the clinical setting, and proffers relevant solutions.MethodsLiterature search strategies were used to retrieve articles from various databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost. Articles with information relevant to pharmacogenomics, DNA variants, cardiovascular diseases, sequencing techniques, and drug responses were reviewed and analyzed.ResultsDNA‐based technologies such as next generation sequencing, whole genome sequencing, whole exome sequencing, and targeted segment sequencing can identify variants in the human genome. This has played a substantial role in identifying different genetic variants governing the poor response and adverse effects associated with cardiovascular drugs. Thus, this has reduced patients' number of emergency visits and hospitalization.ConclusionDespite the emergence of pharmacogenomics, its implementation has been threatened by factors including patient compliance and a low adoption rate by clinicians. Education and training programs targeting both healthcare professionals and patients should be established to increase the acceptance and application of the emerging pharmacogenomic technologies in reducing the burden of CVDs.
Beyond the numbers: Impact of obesity on obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) outcomes in women
Authors: Rotem Reut , Galvin Daniel , McCormack Kate , O'Sullivan Orfhlaith E. , Hayes‐Ryan Deirdre 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the risk profiles, anatomical, and functional outcomes between obese and non‐obese women who experienced obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI).MethodsA retrospective electronic database study was conducted at Cork University Maternity Hospital (CUMH). Women with missing data/repairs conducted outside CUMH were excluded. Participants were categorized into obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) and non‐obese (BMI <30 kg/m2) groups. Primary measure was a composite adverse outcome assessed 6 months post‐delivery, including one or more of the following: resting pressure <40 mmHg, squeezing pressure <100 mmHg, defects in the internal and/or external anal sphincter. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 28.ResultsAmong the 349 women included in the study, 285 (81.7%) had a BMI <30 kg/m2 and 64 (18.3%) had a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Gestational diabetes was significantly higher in obese women. No significant differences were observed in newborn weight or mode of delivery. The majority of tears were classified as grade 3B in both groups. Attendance rates at the OASI clinic did not differ between the groups. Among those attending, no statistical differences were noted in manometry results, which were reduced in both groups. Rates of internal anal sphincter defects were lower in the obese group (7.0% vs 15.6%, P = 0.15) and external anal sphincter defects were significantly lower in obese women (0% vs 9.1%, P = 0.04). No difference was found in the rates of composite adverse outcomes between the groups.ConclusionFunctional outcomes and manometry results did not differ, but non‐obese women had higher rates of anatomical defects in OASI, requiring further study.
In Vivo Imaging and Evaluation of Corneal Biomechanics After Corneal Transplantation by Optical Coherence Elastography
Authors: Shi Gang , Zhang Yubao , Ai Sizhu , Wang Yidi , Li Yingji , He Xingdao , Zheng Xinhe 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPostoperative corneal biomechanical evaluation is of great significance in clinical monitoring and management since corneal transplantation is one of the main methods to improve visual function. In this paper, we propose an OCE system based on a small ultrasound transducer to realize the in vivo detection of postoperative corneal elasticity in different directions. It was first validated and analyzed by different agar, and then the elasticity changes in normal cornea and post‐transplant corneal implants and implant beds were further investigated. Compared with normal corneas, the shear wave velocity of the postoperative cornea decreased from 7.42 ± 1.71 m/s to 4.95 ± 0.35 m/s. Meanwhile, the shear wave velocity of the corneal implant bed was lower than that of the implanted sheet. Therefore, this study reports the first biomechanical measurement of corneal grafts based on the OCE technique, which might provide a potential tool for the postoperative evaluation of clinical patients.