bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of hemoplasma infection of goats by use of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay and risk factor analysis for infection
Authors: Johnson Kathy A. , do Nascimento Naíla C. , Bauer Amy E. , Weng Hsin-Yi , Hammac G. Kenitra , Messick Joanne B. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for the detection and quantification of Mycoplasma ovis in goats and investigate the prevalence and risk factors for hemoplasma infection of goats located in Indiana.
ANIMALS 362 adult female goats on 61 farms.
PROCEDURES Primers were designed for amplification of a fragment of the dnaK gene of M ovis by use of a qPCR assay. Blood samples were collected into EDTA-containing tubes for use in total DNA extraction, blood film evaluation, and determination of PCV. Limit of detection, intra-assay variability, interassay variability, and specificity of the assay were determined.
RESULTS Reaction efficiency of the qPCR assay was 94.45% (R2, 0.99; slope, −3.4623), and the assay consistently detected as few as 10 copies of plasmid/reaction. Prevalence of infection in goats on the basis of results for the qPCR assay was 18.0% (95% confidence interval, 14% to 22%), with infected goats ranging from 1 to 14 years old, whereby 61% (95% confidence interval, 47% to 73%) of the farms had at least 1 infected goat. Bacterial load in goats infected with M ovis ranged from 1.05 × 103 target copies/mL of blood to 1.85 × 105 target copies/mL of blood; however, no bacteria were observed on blood films. Production use of a goat was the only risk factor significantly associated with hemoplasma infection.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The qPCR assay was more sensitive for detecting hemoplasma infection than was evaluation of a blood film, and production use of a goat was a risk factor for infection.
J1216+0709: A RADIO GALAXY WITH THREE EPISODES OF AGN JET ACTIVITY
Authors: Singh Veeresh , Ishwara-Chandra C. H. , Kharb Preeti , Srivastava Shweta , Janardhan P. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of a “triple-double radio galaxy,” J1216+0709, detected in deep low-frequency Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) observations. J1216+0709 is only the third radio galaxy, after B0925+420 and Speca, with three pairs of lobes resulting from three different episodes of active galactic nucleus (AGN) jet activity. The 610 MHz GMRT image clearly displays an inner pair of lobes, a nearly coaxial middle pair of lobes, and a pair of outer lobes that is bent with respect to the axis of the inner pair of lobes. The total end-to-end projected sizes of the inner, middle, and outer lobes are 40″ (∼95 kpc), 1.′65 (∼235 kpc), and 5.′7 (∼814 kpc), respectively. Unlike the outer pair of lobes, both the inner and middle pairs of lobes exhibit asymmetries in arm lengths and flux densities, but in the opposite sense, i.e., the eastern sides are farther and also brighter than the western sides, thus, suggesting the possibility of the jet being intrinsically asymmetric rather than due to a relativistic beaming effect. The host galaxy is a bright elliptical (m
r ∼ 16.56) with M
SMBH ∼ 3.9 × 109
M
⊙ and a star formation rate of ∼

M
⊙ yr−1. The host galaxy resides in a small group of three galaxies (m
r ≤ 17.77) and is possibly going through an interaction with faint dwarf galaxies in the neighborhood, which may have triggered the recent episodes of AGN activity.
THE ENTIRE VIRIAL RADIUS OF THE FOSSIL CLUSTER RXJ 1159 + 5531. II. DARK MATTER AND BARYON FRACTION
Authors: Buote David A. , Su Yuanyuan , Gastaldello Fabio , Brighenti Fabrizio 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
In this second paper on the entire virial region of the relaxed fossil cluster RXJ 1159+5531, we present a hydrostatic analysis of the azimuthally averaged hot intracluster medium (ICM) using the results of Su et al. For a model consisting of ICM, stellar mass from the central galaxy (BCG), and an NFW dark matter (DM) halo, we obtain a good description of the projected radial profiles of ICM emissivity and temperature that yield precise constraints on the total mass profile. The BCG stellar mass component is clearly detected with a K-band stellar mass-to-light ratio,

, consistent with stellar population synthesis models for a Milky Way initial mass function. We obtain a halo concentration,

, and virial mass,

. For its mass, the inferred concentration is larger than most relaxed halos produced in cosmological simulations with Planck parameters, consistent with RXJ 1159+5531 forming earlier than the general halo population. The baryon fraction at r
200,

, is slightly below the Planck value (0.155) for the universe. However, when we take into account the additional stellar baryons associated with non-central galaxies and the uncertain intracluster light (ICL),

increases by

, consistent with the cosmic value and therefore no significant baryon loss from the system. The total mass profile is nearly a power law over a large radial range (∼0.2–10 R

e
), where the corresponding density slope α obeys the

scaling relation for massive early-type galaxies. Performing our analysis in the context of MOND still requires a large DM fraction (

at r = 100 kpc) similar to that obtained using the standard Newtonian approach. The detection of a plausible stellar BCG mass component distinct from the NFW DM halo in the total gravitational potential suggests that

represents the mass scale above which dissipation is unimportant in the formation of the central regions of galaxy clusters.
Public Employment and Management as per Ministerial Education, Economy and Natural Protection according to Armenian Composite Supportive Progress (ACASP)
Authors: Petrosyan Azniv F. 
Published: July 2016

<p class="1">Sustainable Development is a new concept represented as Composite Appraising Supportive Progress of Armenia (ACASP). Biodiversity concept is another main issue having huge influence on public management with employment emphasis. Procedures designing composite progressive indicators organize steps with defined methodology where decision making of utility function is implemented. The priorities of each categories are followed. The resulting sequence of the most important chosen category is represented as:</p><p>Genes: Society (S): Education (S3): Legislations - International Cooperation</p><p>Species: Economy (E): Economy (E5): Policy - Vacancies</p><p>Ecosystems: Nature (N) Air (N3) &amp; Land (N1): Publications - Informative</p><p class="1">Functions: ACASP Employment (F): Announcements-Analyses &amp; Researches</p>
Family-Member Variant of Directory Observed Therapy Short Course (DOTS) in Current Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) Management: A Way Out in Resource-Constrained Settings – A Case Report
Authors: Terhemen Joseph Igbudu  , Livinus Egwuda  , Tsav Peter Mbaave  
Published: July 2016

Appreciation of patients’ family dynamics may be very crucial in deciding the appropriate treatment option aimed at reducing treatment failures and drug resistance in the management of pulmonary tuberculosis especially in the resource-constrained settings.
We reported a case of a 62 year old retiree with pulmonary tuberculosis who had financial challenges and was successfully treated using the family-member variant of DOTS. This modality of treatment was easily accepted and eventually addressed some of the financial challenges the patient had.
Family-member variant of DOTS was successfully demonstrated in the management of PTB and was seen to have reduced the variable cost of treatment, distortion of family dynamics and enhanced family harmony.
Validation of the STRATIFY Falls Risk Assessment Tool in a Japanese Acute Care Hospital Setting
Authors: Toyabe Shin-ichi , Kaneko Thoshihiro , Suzuki Akira , Yasuda Ayuko 
Published: July 2016

<p>Patient falls are the most frequent adverse events that occur in a hospital. Prevention of inpatient falls is performed by a strategy to target patients at high risk for falls determined by a falls risk assessment system such as the STRATIFY tool. However, the performance of the STRATIFY tool in a Japanese hospital setting has not been determined. We tried to verify the performance of the STRATIFY tool for predicting falls in acutely hospitalized patients in Japan by a multi-center study. A total of 113,413 patients admitted to four acute cares national university hospitals during the period from April 2010 to March 2012 were studied. Inpatient falls per 1,000 patient-days varied from 1.42 to 2.92 in the four hospitals. The STRATIFY score was calculated on the basis of data extracted electronically from the hospital information system. Although the distribution of STRATIFY scores differed significantly among the four hospitals, logistic regression analysis and survival analysis showed that the proportion of high-risk patients who fell was significantly larger than the proportion of low-risk patients in all of the four hospitals. The odds ratio and hazard ratio for high-risk patients versus low-risk patients were 2.5 to 4.3 (combined estimate, 3.9 (95% confidence interval (95% CI), 2.1 to 7.6) and 1.8 to 5.1 (combined estimate, 3.1 (95% CI, 2.1 to 4.6)), respectively. The results suggest that the STRATIFY tool can be used as a screening tool to detect patients at high risk for falls in a Japanese acute care setting as used commonly in other countries. </p>
Biodistribution and Clearance of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells by Quantitative Three-Dimensional Cryo-Imaging After Intravenous Infusion in a Rat Lung Injury Model
Authors: Schmuck Eric G. , Koch Jill M. , Centanni John M. , Hacker Timothy A. , Braun Rudolf K. , Eldridge Marlowe , Hei Derek J. , Hematti Peiman , Raval Amish N. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Cell tracking is a critical component of the safety and efficacy evaluation of therapeutic cell products. To date, cell-tracking modalities have been hampered by poor resolution, low sensitivity, and inability to track cells beyond the shortterm. Three-dimensional (3D) cryo-imaging coregisters fluorescent and bright-field microcopy images and allows for single-cell quantification within a 3D organ volume. We hypothesized that 3D cryo-imaging could be used to measure cell biodistribution and clearance after intravenous infusion in a rat lung injury model compared with normal rats. A bleomycin lung injury model was established in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12). Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) labeled with QTracker655 were infused via jugular vein. After 2, 4, or 8 days, a second dose of hMSCs labeled with QTracker605 was infused, and animals were euthanized after 60, 120, or 240 minutes. Lungs, liver, spleen, heart, kidney, testis, and intestine were cryopreserved, followed by 3D cryo-imaging of each organ. At 60 minutes, 82% ± 9.7% of cells were detected; detection decreased to 60% ± 17% and 66% ± 22% at 120 and 240 minutes, respectively. At day 2, 0.06% of cells were detected, and this level remained constant at days 4 and 8 postinfusion. At 60, 120, and 240 minutes, 99.7% of detected cells were found in the liver, lungs, and spleen, with cells primarily retained in the liver. This is the first study using 3D cryo-imaging to track hMSCs in a rat lung injury model. hMSCs were retained primarily in the liver, with fewer detected in lungs and spleen.

Significance
Effective bench-to-bedside clinical translation of cellular therapies requires careful understanding of cell fate through tracking. Tracking cells is important to measure cell retention so that delivery methods and cell dose can be optimized and so that biodistribution and clearance can be defined to better understand potential off-target toxicity and redosing strategies. This article demonstrates, for the first time, the use of three-dimensional cryo-imaging for single-cell quantitative tracking of intravenous infused clinical-grade mesenchymal stem cells in a clinically relevant model of lung injury. The important information learned in this study will help guide future clinical and translational stem cell therapies for lung injuries.
Fat-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction Cells Enhance the Bone-Forming Capacity of Devitalized Engineered Hypertrophic Cartilage Matrix
Authors: Todorov Atanas , Kreutz Matthias , Haumer Alexander , Scotti Celeste , Barbero Andrea , Bourgine Paul E. , Scherberich Arnaud , Jaquiery Claude , Martin Ivan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Engineered and devitalized hypertrophic cartilage (HC) has been proposed as bone substitute material, potentially combining the features of osteoinductivity, resistance to hypoxia, capacity to attract blood vessels, and customization potential for specific indications. However, in comparison with vital tissues, devitalized HC grafts have reduced efficiency of bone formation and longer remodeling times. We tested the hypothesis that freshly harvested stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells from human adipose tissue—which include mesenchymal, endothelial, and osteoclastic progenitors—enhance devitalized HC remodeling into bone tissue. Human SVF cells isolated from abdominal lipoaspirates were characterized cytofluorimetrically. HC pellets, previously generated by human bone marrow-derived stromal cells and devitalized by freeze/thaw, were embedded in fibrin gel with or without different amounts of SVF cells and implanted either ectopically in nude mice or in 4-mm-diameter calvarial defects in nude rats. In the ectopic model, SVF cells added to devitalized HC directly contributed to endothelial, osteoblastic, and osteoclastic populations. After 12 weeks, the extent of graft vascularization and amount of bone formation increased in a cell-number-dependent fashion (up to, respectively, 2.0-fold and 2.9-fold using 12 million cells per milliliter of gel). Mineralized tissue volume correlated with the number of implanted, SVF-derived endothelial cells (CD31+ CD34+ CD146+). In the calvarial model, SVF activation of HC using 12 million cells per milliliter of gel induced efficient merging among implanted pellets and strongly enhanced (7.3-fold) de novo bone tissue formation within the defects. Our findings outline a bone augmentation strategy based on off-the-shelf devitalized allogeneic HC, intraoperatively activated with autologous SVF cells.

Significance
This study validates an innovative bone substitute material based on allogeneic hypertrophic cartilage that is engineered, devitalized, stored, and clinically used, together with autologous cells, intraoperatively derived from a lipoaspirate. The strategy was tested using human cells in an ectopic model and an orthotopic implantation model, in immunocompromised animals.
Competition-function tradeoffs in ectomycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Moeller Holly V. , Peay Kabir G. 
Published: July 2016

Background.The extent to which ectomycorrhizal fungi mediate primary production, carbon storage, and nutrient remineralization in terrestrial ecosystems depends upon fungal community composition. However, the factors that govern community composition at the root system scale are not well understood. Here, we explore a potential tradeoff between ectomycorrhizal fungal competitive ability and enzymatic function.Methods.We grewPinus muricata(Bishop Pine) seedlings in association with ectomycorrhizal fungi from three different genera in a fully factorial experimental design. We measured seedling growth responses, ectomycorrhizal abundance, and the root tip activity of five different extracellular enzymes involved in the mobilization of carbon and phosphorus.Results.We found an inverse relationship between competitiveness, quantified based on relative colonization levels, and enzymatic activity. Specifically,Thelephora terrestris, the dominant fungus, had the lowest enzyme activity levels, whileSuillus pungens, the least dominant fungus, had the highest.Discussion.Our results identify a tradeoff between competition and function in ectomycorrhizal fungi, perhaps mediated by the competing energetic demands associated with competitive interactions and enzymatic production. These data suggest that mechanisms such as active partner maintenance by host trees may be important to maintaining “high-quality” ectomycorrhizal fungal partners in natural systems.
Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Targeting CD19 and GCC in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Naifei , Pu Chengfei , Zhao Lingling , Li Wei , Wang Chang , Zhu Ruihong , Liang Tingting , Niu Chao , Huang Xi , Tang Haiyang , Wang Yizhuo , Yang Hang , Jia Beibei , Jiang Xianyang , Han Guiting , Wang Wensheng , Chen Dongqi , Wang Yiming , Rowinsky Eric K. , Kennedy Eugene , Lu Victor X. , Cui Guozhen , Wu Zhao , Xiao Lei , Cui Jiuwei 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy (CART) has transformed the treatment landscape of hematologic cancer, but has negligible effects for adult solid cancers. In this trial, an autologous CAR T-cell product demonstrated antitumor activity in heavily pretreated patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of guanylate cyclase-C (GCC19) CART in participants with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis single-arm, nonrandomized, phase 1 trial was conducted at the First Hospital of Jilin University from December 3, 2020, to April 13, 2022. Data analysis was conducted from May 2022 to April 2024. Adults with relapsed and refractory mCRC expressing GCC were treated with GCC19CART, a mixture of autologous CAR T cells transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing genes that encode either CD-19 CAR or GCC CAR.Main Outcomes and MeasuresSafety and tolerability of CAR T-cell therapy targeting GCC in patients with mCRC without therapeutic options is capable of conferring a reasonable likeliness of clinical benefit. Other outcomes included objective response rate, progression-free survival, overall survival, and immune activation.ResultsOf 15 patients 9 (60%) were women, and the median (range) age was 44 (33-61) years. Treatment with GCC19CART was associated with the development of cytokine release syndrome and diarrhea in most patients, all of which were self-limited and manageable. The objective response rate was 40%, with a partial response in 2 of 8 and 4 of 7 patients treated with either 1 × 106 cells/kg or 2 × 106 cells/kg. Median overall survival was 22.8 months (95% CI, 13.4-26.1) at data cutoff; the median progress-free survival was 6.0 months in the high dose level group (95% CI, 3.0 to not available).Conclusions and RelevanceThe results of this nonrandomized clinical trial suggest that GCC19CART was safe and tolerable in heavily pretreated patients with mCRC and is the first CAR T-cell therapy known to produce objective clinical activity in refractory cancer. Given the paucity of effective therapeutics developed for colorectal cancer in recent decades, the observation that CD-19 CART target engagement can robustly induce GCC19CART target engagement sufficient to produce objective activity may serve as a foundation to develop effective cellular therapy in mCRC and other solid cancers.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2000040645
Smart Antibacterial Coatings with On‐Demand Drug Release and Real‐Time Monitoring
Authors: Li Haotian , Zhang Linjun , Liang Bo , Xue Hongrui , Cao Huan , Li Zhen , Yang Lei , Li Yiwen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSmart antibacterial coatings with surface‐independent methods, on‐demand antibiotic release, and real‐time drug loading monitoring capabilities have attracted increasing interest in the fields of medical devices, antibiotics delivery platforms, and implantable devices. Addressing the complexity inherent in existing methods, this work innovates by simplifying the synthesis process and integrating aminoglycosides with metallosupramolecules to develop versatile and effective coatings. These coatings not only exhibit exceptional biological activity and efficient antibacterial properties both in vitro and in vivo, but also enable high drug loading and controlled release. Significantly, their application across various devices has demonstrated profound therapeutic effects in treating implant infections and promoting bacterial wound healing. A key advancement of these coatings is the integration of color‐changing indicators for real‐time monitoring of drug levels, enhancing the precision of wound care, and facilitating timely clinical interventions. This research marks a significant stride in the development of more accessible, bioactive, and smart antibacterial materials, opening new avenues in the field of smart medical coatings.
Reduced‐Dimensional Perovskites: Quantum Well Thickness Distribution and Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Cheng Yuanzhuang , Wan Haoyue , Sargent Edward H. , Ma Dongxin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReduced‐dimensional perovskites (RDPs), a large category of metal halide perovskites, have attracted considerable attention and shown high potential in the fields of solid‐state displays and lighting. RDPs feature a quantum‐well‐based structure and energy funneling effects. The multiple quantum well (QW) structure endows RDPs with superior energy transfer and high luminescence efficiency. The effect of QW confinement directly depends on the number of inorganic octahedral layers (QW thickness, i.e., n value), so the distribution of n values determines the optoelectronic properties of RDPs. Here, it is focused on the QW thickness distribution of RDPs, detailing its effect on the structural characteristics, carrier recombination dynamics, optoelectronic properties, and applications in light‐emitting diodes. The reported distribution control strategies is also summarized and discuss the current challenges and future trends of RDPs. This review aims to provide deep insight into RDPs, with the hope of advancing their further development and applications.
2D MoSe2 Geometrically Asymmetric Schottky Photodiodes
Authors: Ghanbari Hamidreza , Abnavi Amin , Ahmadi Ribwar , Mohammadzadeh Mohammad Reza , Fawzy Mirette , Hasani Amirhossein , Adachi Michael M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOptoelectronic devices based on geometrically asymmetric architecture have recently attracted attention due to their high performance as photodetectors and simple fabrication process. Herein, a p‐type 2D MoSe2 photodetector based on geometrically asymmetric contacts is reported for the first time. The device exhibits a high current rectification ratio of ≈104 and a large self‐powered photovoltage responsivity of ≈4.38 × 107 V W−1, as well as a maximum photocurrent responsivity of ≈430 mA W−1 along with a response time of ≈2.3 ms under 470 nm wavelength at 3 V bias voltage. The photocurrent responsivity is further enhanced to an ultrahigh responsivity of ≈1615 mA W−1 by applying a gate bias voltage due to the electrostatic modulation of carrier concentration in the MoSe2 channel. The simple fabrication process of the geometrically asymmetric MoSe2 diodes along with their high photodetection and diode rectifying performance make them excellent candidates for electronic and optoelectronic applications.