bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problems related to balancing peak power on the example of the Polish National Power System
Authors: Majchrzak Henryk 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The article discusses issues related to ensuring secure operation of the National Power System. The tasks of transmission system operators in that scope were presented and the power demand of the Polish National Power System on critical days in terms of power generation and demand was characterized. The article also presents the causes and course of events which took place in August 2015 when there was a critical imbalance in the Polish National Power System leading to the introduction of limitations. Then, the possibilities and types of costs connected with the possibilities of balancing the system in the periods of peak loads were characterized. The summary of the article contains the presentation of conclusions related to power balancing in the power system and reduction of related costs.
Nostalgia, Commodification of Emotions and Small-town Tourism: The Case of Vintage Vila
Authors: Pavlakovič Barbara , Pozvek Nejc , Trdina Andreja 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Small urban environments face many issues in tourism; for example, how to position themselves in contrast to the larger cities and how to provide adequate tourist facilities for their guests. In the case of positioning, they have to choose something different and attractive. And in the case of infrastructure, small cities are primarily meant for their residents and have plenty residential buildings but lack of tourist accommodation buildings. The article attempts to reflect on specific contemporary form of “consumed nostalgia” (Cross, 2015) that is characteristic of the era of modern consumer society and offer an example of how its potential could be employed in tourism, particular in small urban environments with significant implications of preserving abandoned properties and thus existing architectural and cultural heritage. An analysis of Vintage Vila accommodation facility that is located in small city of Brežice, Slovenia, was conducted in order to acquaint the potential of a specific form of nostalgia tourism. After an interview with Vintage Vila founder, a review of their Facebook site and the responses of the visitors was made. Additionally the study of media coverage of Vintage Vila was completed to understand the discursive construction of a unique narrative of the place. The basic objective of this paper is to describe this innovative solution for the preservation of architectural and cultural heritage of small urban environments. With the case study of Vintage Vila accommodation facility we hope to encourage other small cities to recognise their potential in abandoned buildings. Restoration of such facilities can open up new possibilities in tourism and may, together with thoughtfully chosen narratives that emotionally bound people to their material environment, contribute to a revitalization of small cities. What is more, tourism development grounded in vintage and nostalgia appeals should be considered as part of a call for sustainable growth, as it advocates and supports alternative consumer practices (such as recycling and reusing objects) and preservation of material culture in general.
Cities as Destinations of Urban Ecotourism: The Case Study of Novi Sad
Authors: Jegdić Vaso , Gradinac Oliver 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Ecotourism in an urban environment takes places in areas that offer a certain degree of naturalness in a situation when they are significantly modified by previous human activities. Concept of urban ecotourism recognizes the significance of ecotourism in facilitating cultural exchange, environmental protection and sustainable urban development. Contrary to classic ecodestinations, urban ecotourism is more acceptable considering a higher capacity of urban destinations and the potential to renovate locations that have been degraded by industrial, traffic or other human activities. The experiences and examples from Europe and North America indicate that such projects significantly contribute to a sustainable ecological and social-economical development of many cities. In Serbia, the practice of quality preparations and including natural and other resources into the development of urban ecotourism has still not been established. The paper found that Novi Sad has the resources which would make it also interesting as destination of urban ecotourism. As the most significant point, Danube should be mention with its coastal green zone and numerous islands, as well as the city parks. There are green complexes, available surfaces and abandoned objects and facilities of previous economical activities located in the peripheral and suburban zone. In the immediate surroundings of Novi Sad, there are numerous messuages (Čenej messuages are in the city itself), that have been recently redecorated as eco and ethno oases. The purpose of the paper is to suggest manners of their inclusion into the integral tourist product based on the research of resources for the development of urban ecotourism in Novi Sad. The paper emploied analytical-synthetic method, a combination of secondary sources of literature data, internet, and other sources, with the primary data gained by field observation, analyzing the content of advertising materials and contact through informal interviews with various organizations and experts from the field of ecology, ecotourism and tourism in general, and with decision makers. This research suggests the ways of including ecotourism resources in the tourist offer of Novi Sad.
A Counterexample for Singular Equations with Indefinite Weight
Authors: Ureña Antonio J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We construct a second-order equation

x
¨

=

h
⁢

(
t
)

/

x
p

{\ddot{x}=h(t)/x^{p}}

, with

p
>
1

{p>1}

and the sign-changing, periodic weight function h having negative mean, which does not have periodic solutions. This contrasts with earlier results which state that, in many cases, such periodic problems are solvable.
Development of Knitted Materials Selection for Compression Underwear
Authors: Cheng Zhe , Kuzmichev V. E. , Adolphe D. C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe presented research deals with the development of comfortable male underwear taking into account the development of pattern block methods and the analysis of the relationships existing between the compression pressure, the knitted materials properties, and some push-up effects. The main aim of this study is to achieve the technical selection of the materials based on KES-FB evaluations.The ease value has been used as the main index to connect the structural design of underwear, on one hand, and the body sizes, on other hand. A “bodyshell” system for testing the soft tissue of male bodies by FlexiForce sensor has been implemented. The pressures under the shells at six different places on the male body with ease changing have been tested.The collected results including maximum-possible pressure and material tensile indexes measured thanks to KES-FB have been analyzed in order to find the most relevant indexes of the material properties. A mathematical equations based on relationships combining theoretical model with practical application have been established. These equations will be helpful for the consumers and designers to select “the suitable knitting materials for male underwear” and they can be used too in the perspective of parameterization in CAD, in order to improve product developments efficiency.
Genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of schizophrenia - towards mainstreaming
Authors: Łaba-Stefanek Agnieszka , Dziwota Ewelina , Olajossy Marcin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The prevalence of schizophrenia in a population is about 1%. Many efforts are constantly made to find the cause of this mental illness. Authors of this article provide groups of factors influencing the development of the disease. Among these factors, genetics seems to be an interesting and reasonable trend of exploration. GWAS research studies allow not only determining the point mutations in the genome, but also try to give an answer to the question about the biological mechanisms of disease. A microRNA MIR137, which is involved in neurogenesis and maturation of neurons may be an example. However, the genetic component may not always be sufficient to trigger symptoms. Definitely, a large group of environmental factors has an important role. Schizophrenia is a complex disease in which many genes interact with the environment. This article is a presentation of genes and the impact of various external environmental factors, leading to the onset of schizophrenia. Interrelationship between polygenic determinant of disease and the impact of both environmental and social factors in future will certainly become the field of interest for research concerning the etiology and course of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders.
Silent angels the genetic and clinical aspects of Rett syndrome
Authors: Dziwota Ewelina , Fałkowska Urszula , Adamczyk Katarzyna , Adamczyk Dorota , Stefańska Alena , Pawęzka Justyna , Olajossy Marcin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental genetic disorder and, because of some behavioral characteristics, individuals affected by the disease are known as silent angels. Girls with Rett syndrome perform stereotyped movements, they have learning difficulties, their reaction time is prolonged, and they seem alienated in the environment. These children require constant pediatric, neurological and orthopedic care. In the treatment of Rett syndrome physical therapy, music therapy, hydrotherapy, hippotherapy, behavioral methods, speech therapy and diet, are also used. In turn, psychological therapy of the syndrome is based on the sensory integration method, using two or more senses simultaneously. In 80% of cases, the syndrome is related to mutations of the MECP2 gene, located on chromosome X. The pathogenesis of Rett syndrome is caused by the occurrence of a non-functional MeCP2 protein, which is a transcription factor of many genes, i.e. Bdnf, mef2c, Sgk1, Uqcrc1. Abnormal expression of these genes reveals a characteristic disease phenotype. Clinical symptoms relate mainly to the nervous, respiratory, skeletal and gastrointestinal systems. Currently causal treatment is not possible. However, researchers are developing methods by which, perhaps in the near future, it will be possible to eliminate the mutations in the MECP2 gene, and this will give a chance to the patient for normal functioning.
The paper presents the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, genetic, clinical, pharmacological aspects and other forms of Rett syndrome treatment.
The schizo-obsessive disorder: a case report
Authors: Urbańska Anna , Lis Agnieszka , Sołowiej Mateusz , Perzyńska-Starkiewicz Aneta , Szymczuk Diana , Olajossy Marcin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Purpose: A case of schizophrenia with coexisting obsessive-compulsive symptoms is reported.
Case: The frequency of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) occurrence among patients suffering from schizophrenia is considerably higher in comparison to general population. The results of some studies show that schizo-obsessive disorder is characterized by higher intensity of negative and depressive symptoms. Patients with comorbid schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder show greater level of social dysfunction and they exhibit suicidal behaviours more often than patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. We present a 33-year-old female with obsessive-compulsive symptoms with onset in her early teens with no satisfactory response to treatment, in spite of her good intellect and insight into illness and cooperation.
Comment: There is some evidence suggesting that patients with “schizo-obsessive disorder” have a worse prognosis compared to the group of patients suffering only from schizophrenia, but the effect of OCD on schizophrenia symptom profile is unclear.
Leibniz Series for π
Authors: Pąk Karol 
Published: February 2017

Summary
In this article we prove the Leibniz series for π which states that

π
4

=

∑

n
=
0

∞

(

−
1

)

n

2
⋅
n
+
1

.

$${\pi \over 4} = \sum\limits_{n = 0}^\infty {{{\left( { - 1} \right)^n } \over {2 \cdot n + 1}}.} $$

The formalization follows K. Knopp [8], [1] and [6]. Leibniz’s Series for Pi is item #26 from the “Formalizing 100 Theorems” list maintained by Freek Wiedijk at http://www.cs.ru.nl/F.Wiedijk/100/.
The Axiomatization of Propositional Logic
Authors: Giero Mariusz 
Published: February 2017

Summary
This article introduces propositional logic as a formal system ([14], [10], [11]). The formulae of the language are as follows φ ::= ⊥ | p | φ → φ. Other connectives are introduced as abbrevations. The notions of model and satisfaction in model are defined. The axioms are all the formulae of the following schemes

α ⇒ (β ⇒ α),

(α ⇒ (β ⇒ γ)) ⇒ ((α ⇒ β) ⇒ (α ⇒ γ)),

(¬β ⇒ ¬α) ⇒ ((¬β ⇒ α) ⇒ β).

Modus ponens is the only derivation rule. The soundness theorem and the strong completeness theorem are proved. The proof of the completeness theorem is carried out by a counter-model existence method. In order to prove the completeness theorem, Lindenbaum’s Lemma is proved. Some most widely used tautologies are presented.
The Crati River Basin: geomorphological and stratigraphical data for the Plio–Quaternary evolution of northern Calabria, South Apennines, Italy
Authors: Robustelli Gaetano , Muto Francesco 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we present the results of an integrated geomorphological and stratigraphical study carried out in the eastern side of the Crati River valley (northern Calabria, South Italy). This area is characterized by the occurrence of three order palaeosurfaces that, along with low-sloping palaeovalleys and structural landforms, are striking features of the landscape. The relationships between morpho-tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the Crati Basin has been assessed through sandstone detrital modes, morphostratigraphy and geomorphological correlation with adjacent areas. The two main unconformity surfaces that typify the Quaternary fill were correlated to different steps of landscape evolution. The presence of both erosional and depositional palaeosurfaces has been a useful marker for reconstructing sedimentary and morphogenetic events, and hence to detect drainage network evolution and changes in source sediment area. In particular, we recognized that the study area experienced, during the late Pliocene–Early Pleistocene a period of sub-aerial landscape modelling as suggested by low-sloping palaeovalleys and related fluvial deposits (1st Order Palaeosurface). At that time, the source of the detrital constituents of the PPS Unit sandstones was mainly from the Sila Massif. The onset of Coastal Range identification and uplift (Early Pleistocene) marks a change in the geomorphic scenario with tectonic driven stream incision and valley development along the eastern side of Coastal Range, along with the occurrence of depositional and erosional landsurfaces (2nd Order Palaeosurface) at footslopes. During this period, the Coastal Range and Sila Massif were the sources for the detrital constituents of the PlS Unit sandstones. The progressive uplift of Coastal Range during late Early Pleistocene and the marked backstepping of the depositional systems along the Sila footslope was accompanied by alternating phases of down-cutting and base-level stability resulting in the development of a step-like distributed 3rd Order Palaeosurface. The presence of dolostone in detrital modes is clear evidence of stream piracy phenomena of ancient palaeovalleys by the Crati valley-facing drainage network.
Geomorphological evolution of western Sicily, Italy
Authors: Di Maggio Cipriano , Madonia Giuliana , Vattano Marco , Agnesi Valerio , Monteleone Salvatore 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper proposes a morphoevolutionary model for western Sicily. Sicily is a chain–foredeep–foreland system still being built, with tectonic activity involving uplift which tends to create new relief. To reconstruct the morphoevolutionary model, geological, and geomorphological studies were done on the basis of field survey and aerial photographic interpretation. The collected data show large areas characterized by specific geological, geomorphological, and topographical settings with rocks, landforms, and landscapes progressively older from south to north Sicily. The achieved results display: (1) gradual emersion of new areas due to uplift, its interaction with the Quaternary glacio-eustatic oscillations of the sea level, and the following production of a flight of stair-steps of uplifted marine terraces in southern Sicily, which migrates progressively upward and inwards; in response to the uplift (2) triggering of down-cutting processes that gradually dismantle the oldest terraces; (3) competition between uplift and down-cutting processes, which is responsible for the genesis of river valleys and isolated rounded hills in central Sicily; (4) continuous deepening over time that results in the exhumation of older and more resistant rocks in northern Sicily, where the higher heights of Sicily are realized and the older forms are retained; (5) extensional tectonic event in the northern end of Sicily, that produces the collapse of large blocks drowned in the Tyrrhenian Sea and sealed by coastal-marine deposits during the Calabrian stage; (6) trigger of uplift again in the previously subsiding blocks and its interaction with coastal processes and sea level fluctuations, which produce successions of marine terraces during the Middle–Upper Pleistocene stages.
Resting energy expenditure in girls with Turner syndrome
Authors: Binder Gerhard , Frank Laura , Ziegler Julian , Blumenstock Gunnar , Schweizer Roland 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground:Knowledge concerning energy metabolism in Turner syndrome (TS) is lacking. We compared the resting energy expenditure per fat-free mass (REE/FFM) in TS with other girls with short stature treated with growth hormone (GH) and age-related controls.Methods:We measured prospectively REE by spirometry under fasting conditions in the morning in 85 short prepubertal girls at the start of GH treatment. Diagnoses were TS (n=20), GH deficiency (GHD) (n=38) and small for gestational age (SGA) short stature (n=27). Additionally, 20 age-related controls were studied. Mean ages were 8.3 (TS), 7.1 (GHD), 6.9 (SGA) and 8.5 years (controls). Mean heights were −2.90 (TS), −3.32 (GHD), −3.69 (SGA) and −0.03 standard deviation scores (SDS) (controls). FFM was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA).Results:At the start of GH girls with TS showed insignificantly higher REE per FFM (REE/FFM) (mean±SD; 65±9 kcal/kg×day) than did the other female patients (62±9 kcal/kg×day) (p>0.23). The healthy controls had significantly lower REE/FFM (35±4 kcal/kg×day) (p<0.001). Follow-up examination of the patients after 6 or 12 months revealed decreasing REE/FFM in TS (62±9 kcal/kg×day) resulting in comparable REE/FFM in all three patient groups.Conclusions:At baseline short girls with TS had insignificantly higher REE/FFM than short children with SGA or GHD, but in follow-up this difference was not detectable any more. Future studies are necessary to understand this observation.
The anticorrosion properties of pigments based on molybdates and tungstates surface-modified with conducting polymers
Authors: Hájková T. , Kalendová A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe objective of this work was to examine the properties of molybdate or tungstate based pigments whose surface has been coated with a conductive polymer, viz. either polyaniline phosphate (PANI) or polypyrrole phosphate (PPY), if used as pigments in organic coating materials. The anticorrosion pigments were prepared by high-temperature solid-state synthesis from the respective oxides, carbonates. The composite pigments (pigment/conductive polymer) were dispersed in a solvent-type epoxy-ester resin binder to obtain a series of paints whose anticorrosion properties were assessed by means of corrosion tests in accelerated corrosion test and by the linear polarisation method. Focus was on the anticorrosion properties of the paints depending on the pigment surface treatment, initial pigment composition, and pigment volume concentration (PVC) in the paint. The surface-treated pigment particles were expected to have a favourable effect on the anticorrosion and the mechanical properties of epoxy-ester resin based paints.
Determination corrosion rate of welded joints realised by MAG technology
Authors: Guzanová A. , Brezinová J. , Viňáš J. , Koncz J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The paper deals with evaluation the corrosion characteristics of welded joints in two corrosion environments – SARS and 0.1 M NaCl solution. Welds were made by MAG technology using three protective gas mixtures - Ferroline He20C8, Ferroline C18 and Ferroline C6X1. There were realised chemical analysis of the base material and weld metal of all welded joints, Vickers hardness test of the base material, heat affected zones and weld metals, metallographic analysis of all areas of welds and measurement of base and weld metal corrosion rate in two corrosion environments. Hardness increases from the base material through the HAZ to the weld metal. The maximum difference between the hardness of the weld metal and the base material is 36 HV 0.1 - realised welds do not show a notch effect. The corrosion rate of the materials in SARS solution was higher than in the NaCl solution. The corrosion rate in weld metals of all welded joints was lower than the corrosion rate of the base material. The lowest corrosion rate in both corrosive environments showed a weld metal made using shielding gas Ferroline C18.
A self-destroying mechanism generated when functional parameters of paint system layers are improved in a non-suitable manner
Authors: Mindoš L. , Paráková M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Increasing the functional parameters of coating composition-based protective coatings is a strongly emerging trend. However, there are some limits to the increasing of utility parameters of protective coatings – always where such parameters are opposite to the basic property, which is corrosion protection. The presented study describes a case of a premature failure in the corrosion protection secured by a duplex system that occurred after the paint system had been enriched with an anti-sliding property.
The Failed Probability of Love Over Labor in THX 1138 (1971)
Authors: Wydler Christopher 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Scholarship on panopticism and film rarely considers aesthetic attributes of the medium. Thematic elements associated with panopticism are often examined instead. George Lucas’ directorial debut, THX 1138 (1971), uses aesthetic values in filmmaking to screen a narrative grounded in panopticism. By drawing on the Foucaultian principle of panopticism, this article illustrates the ideological confliction between labor and love that is central to the protagonist THX. On the surface, THX 1138 situates the sexual ideologies of the early Seventies in a socialist contention. The sexual ideology that favors love and freedom of expression is placed in direct conflict with a socialist ideology that labor and obedience. This ideological strife erupts on screen in a dystopian future that is visualized in panoptic cinematography techniques. The result is an analysis of the nuanced visual mastery on Lucas’s part that serves as an explicit commentary grounded in the political and cultural contention never quite resolved in American history.