bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of atmospheric circulation on the spatial diversity of air temperature in the area of Forlandsundet (NW Spitsbergen) during 2010–2013
Authors: Przybylak Rajmund , Araźny Andrzej , Ulandowska‐Monarcha Patrycja 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe relationship between atmospheric circulation and climate in Svalbard has been described in dozens of studies. However, the data used for that purpose usually came from permanent stations on the coast. The influence of atmospheric circulation on topoclimatic diversity has not been explored so often, and hardly at all for other periods than the Arctic summer. In this article, the relationships between circulation and air temperature are described using daily data sourced from six sites located around Forlandsundet (NW Spitsbergen) during 2010–2013. The analysis was conducted independently for three seasons identified as: winter (Nov–Mar), spring/autumn (Apr–May and Sep–Oct) and summer (Jun–Aug) and also for three air temperature parameters: diurnal mean (Ti), maximum (Tmax) and minimum (Tmin) temperature. The atmospheric circulation in the studied area was described using Tadeusz Niedźwiedź's classification of diurnal circulation types for Svalbard. The influence of atmospheric circulation on the spatial pattern of air temperature is not uniform across the Forlandsundet region; in particular, important differences were observed between coastal and inland parts of the study area. Thus, generalization of relationships between air temperature and atmospheric circulation for the entire area of Spitsbergen based on data only from coastal stations is not appropriate. The influence of atmospheric circulation on the spatial pattern of air temperature in the Forlandsundet region also changes through the year. In the cold season (Sep–May) it differs significantly from that observed in summer (Jun–Aug), and this feature is also seen in analyses of the 10% highest (≥ 90th percentile) and lowest (≤ 10th percentile) thermal differences. In summer, the influence of atmospheric circulation on air temperature in the topoclimatic scale is definitely less stable than in the cold season.
Determining the orientation angle of directional leads for deep brain stimulation using computed tomography and digital x‐ray imaging: A phantom study
Authors: Sitz Alexander , Hoevels Mauritius , Hellerbach Alexandra , Gierich Andreas , Luyken Klaus , Dembek Till A. , Klehr Martin , Wirths Jochen , Visser‐Vandewalle Veerle , Treuer Harald 
Published: June 2017

PurposeOrientating the angle of directional leads for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in an axial plane introduces a new degree of freedom that is indicated by embedded anisotropic directional markers. Our aim was to develop algorithms to determine lead orientation angles from computed tomography (CT) and stereotactic x‐ray imaging using standard clinical protocols, and subsequently assess the accuracy of both methods.MethodsIn CT the anisotropic marker artifact was taken as a signature of the lead orientation angle and analyzed using discrete Fourier transform of circular intensity profiles. The orientation angle was determined from phase angles at a frequency 2/360° and corrected for aberrations at oblique leads. In x‐ray imaging, frontal and lateral images were registered to stereotactic space and sub‐images containing directional markers were extracted. These images were compared with projection images of an identically located virtual marker at different orientation angles. A similarity index was calculated and used to determine the lead orientation angle. Both methods were tested using epoxy phantoms containing directional leads (Cartesia™, Boston Scientific, Marlborough, USA) with known orientation. Anthropomorphic phantoms were used to compare both methods for DBS cases.ResultsMean deviation between CT and x‐ray was 1.5° ± 3.6° (range: −2.3° to 7.9°) for epoxy phantoms and 3.6° ± 7.1° (range: −5.6° to 14.6°) for anthropomorphic phantoms. After correction for imperfections in the epoxy phantoms, the mean deviation from ground truth was 0.0° ± 5.0° (range: −12° to 14°) for x‐ray. For CT the results depended on the polar angle of the lead in the scanner. Mean deviation was −0.3° ± 1.9° (range: −4.6° to 6.6°) or 1.6° ± 8.9° (range: −23° to 34°) for polar angles ≤ 40° or > 40°.ConclusionsThe results show that both imaging modalities can be used to determine lead orientation angles with high accuracy. CT is superior to x‐ray imaging, but oblique leads (polar angle > 40°) show limited precision due to the current design of the directional marker.
Coupling of solid deformation and pore pressure for undrained deformation—a discrete element method approach
Authors: Cui Yifei , Chan Dave , Nouri Alireza 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a numerical scheme for fluid‐particle coupling that uses the discrete element method by taking into consideration solid deformation and pore pressure generation. A new water particle element is introduced to calculate pore water pressure due to porosity changes. The water particle element has the same size and shape as the solid element and experiences the same amount of deformation. On the basis of the effective stress principle at the element contact, the total force is equal to the sum of the force transmitted through the solid element contact and the water particle force due to pore water pressure. Analytical solutions of traditional soil mechanics problems, such as isotropic compression and consolidated triaxial undrained test, are used to quantitatively validate the proposed model. The numerical results show good agreement between the model and the analytical solutions. The model therefore provides an effective method to calculate pore pressure in a porous medium in discrete modeling.
A fictitious domain method for the simulation of thermoelastic deformations in NC‐milling processes
Authors: Byfut A. , Schröder A. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a (higher‐order) finite element approach for the simulation of heat diffusion and thermoelastic deformations in NC‐milling processes. The inherent continuous material removal in the process of the simulation is taken into account via continuous removal‐dependent refinements of a paraxial hexahedron base‐mesh covering a given workpiece. These refinements rely on isotropic bisections of these hexahedrons along with subdivisions of the latter into tetrahedrons and pyramids in correspondence to a milling surface triangulation obtained from the application of the marching cubes algorithm. The resulting mesh is used for an element‐wise defined characteristic function for the milling‐dependent workpiece within that paraxial hexahedron base‐mesh. Using this characteristic function, a (higher‐order) fictitious domain method is used to compute the heat diffusion and thermoelastic deformations, where the corresponding ansatz spaces are defined for some hexahedron‐based refinement of the base‐mesh. Numerical experiments compared to real physical experiments exhibit the applicability of the proposed approach to predict deviations of the milled workpiece from its designed shape because of thermoelastic deformations in the process.
Glycogen synthase kinase‐3β ablation limits pancreatitis‐induced acinar‐to‐ductal metaplasia
Authors: Ding Li , Liou Geou‐Yarh , Schmitt Daniel M , Storz Peter , Zhang Jin‐San , Billadeau Daniel D 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAcinar‐to‐ductal metaplasia (ADM) is a reversible epithelial transdifferentiation process that occurs in the pancreas in response to acute inflammation. ADM can rapidly progress towards pre‐malignant pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions in the presence of mutant KRas and ultimately pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). In the present work, we elucidate the role and related mechanism of glycogen synthase kinase‐3beta (GSK‐3β) in ADM development using in vitro 3D cultures and genetically engineered mouse models. We show that GSK‐3β promotes TGF‐α‐induced ADM in 3D cultured primary acinar cells, whereas deletion of GSK‐3β attenuates caerulein‐induced ADM formation and PanIN progression in KrasG12D transgenic mice. Furthermore, we demonstrate that GSK‐3β ablation influences ADM formation and PanIN progression by suppressing oncogenic KRas‐driven cell proliferation. Mechanistically, we show that GSK‐3β regulates proliferation by increasing the activation of S6 kinase. Taken together, these results indicate that GSK‐3β participates in early pancreatitis‐induced ADM and thus could be a target for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis and the prevention of PDAC progression. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward a versatile toolbox for cucurbit[n]uril‐based supramolecular hydrogel networks through in situ polymerization
Authors: Liu Ji , Soo Yun Tan Cindy , Lan Yang , Scherman Oren A. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe success of exploiting cucurbit[n]uril (CB[n])‐based molecular recognition in self‐assembled systems has sparked a tremendous interest in polymer and materials chemistry. In this study, polymerization in the presence of host‐guest complexes is applied as a modular synthetic approach toward a diverse set of CB[8]‐based supramolecular hydrogels with desirable properties, such as mechanical strength, toughness, energy dissipation, self‐healing, and shear‐thinning. A range of vinyl monomers, including acrylamide‐, acrylate‐, and imidazolium‐based hydrophilic monomers, could be easily incorporated as the polymer backbones, leading to a library of CB[8] hydrogel networks. This versatile strategy explores new horizons for the construction of supramolecular hydrogel networks and materials with emergent properties in wearable and self‐healable electronic devices, sensors, and structural biomaterials. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3105–3109
A Model for Quantifying Ground‐Ice Volume, Yukon Coast, Western Arctic Canada
Authors: Couture Nicole J. , Pollard Wayne H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA morphological model for estimating ground‐ice contents of various landscape units is presented to address the gap between large‐scale, general studies and small‐scale, site‐specific case histories. The model considers different ground‐ice types and cryostratigraphic relations between ice bodies within a terrain unit. Input parameters needed for the model are described. Derived variables and algorithms used to determine the quantity of each ground‐ice type within a terrain unit are presented. Examples of the application of the model are provided for the Yukon Coastal Plain, northwest Canada. The uncertainties and limiting assumptions of the model are discussed. Copyright © 2017 Natural Resources Canada. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerated light protection performance measurement technology validated for dairy milk packaging design
Authors: Stancik Cheryl M. , Conner Denise A. , Jernakoff Peter , Niedenzu Philipp M. , Duncan Susan E. , Bianchi Laurie M. , Johnson Daryan S. 
Published: June 2017

We report an accelerated measurement technology for prediction of light protection performance of milk packaging by quantifying the ability of a package to preserve a light‐sensitive nutrient present in milk. This measurement technology consists of a light exposure instrument and a detection approach to track changes to the light‐sensitive nutrient, riboflavin (RF), in a light‐exposed solution sample. The light exposure instrument provided an intense, controlled light exposure and a consistent sample environment for an aqueous RF marker solution. Coupled with the light exposure instrument, two alternative detection approaches were used to determine the RF concentration of light‐exposed marker solutions: an accelerated ex situ (AES) approach by high‐performance liquid chromatography or an accelerated in situ (AIS) approach by ultraviolet–visible spectrometry. The capability of each RF determination method was confirmed using measurement systems analysis, and their statistical equivalency was demonstrated. To explore application of the measurement technology for use in package design, a set of high‐density polyethylene packages incorporating surface‐treated TiO2 pigments was evaluated for light protection performance by AES and AIS. For the same package set, experiments monitoring RF degradation in extended‐shelf‐life milk products under retail dairy storage conditions showed strong correlation with the AIS method (R2 > 0.97). Riboflavin retention increased under both retail and accelerated light exposure conditions for package designs containing greater loadings of surface‐treated TiO2 confirming its light protection efficacy. This research illustrates the utility of the accelerated methods to quantitatively evaluate package designs for light protection performance for nutrient preservation.
A preliminary study of cushion properties of a 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane Kelvin foam
Authors: Ge Changfeng , Priyadarshini Lakshmi , Cormier Denis , Pan Liao , Tuber Jonathan 
Published: June 2017

The cells in conventional packaging foams have random size and orientation, and the energy‐absorbing behaviour of these foams is determined by the collective contribution of different sizes of cells. In contrast to the random nature of stochastic foams, 3D printing technologies allow engineers to design and produce foams having engineered cellular structures. In this study, engineered cellular structures based on the classic Kelvin 1887 model were 3D printed in 30 × 30 × 30 mm thermoplastic polyurethane cubes with a repeating size of 216 unit cells. One hundred consecutive cyclic compression tests were performed to assess the 3D printed foam's resilience and energy absorption characteristics. The stress‐strain curve of the 3D printed thermoplastic polyurethane foam indicated viscoelastic behaviour and a Mullins effect indicative of resilient rubber. A long wave buckling mode was observed during cyclic compression cycles due to the Kelvin structure. The cushion factor computed from the stress‐strain curve was close to that of a metal spring with linear elasticity. The combination of the 3D printed foam's resilience, its much lower density than rubber, and the complete geometric freedom of the engineered cellular structures offer designers the potential to create high‐performance cushion materials tailored for packaging applications.
Consensus of multi‐agent systems with fixed inner connections
Authors: Feng Yuting , Duan Zhisheng , Ren Wei , Chen Guanrong 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis paper characterizes a unified consensus region for multi‐agent systems, where there exist fixed physical connections with information exchange. The notions of synchronization region in complex networks and consensus region in multi‐agent systems can be explained under this unified framework. The effect of the coupling terms on the consensus regions in different situations is analyzed specifically. Furthermore, necessary and sufficient conditions for consensus of agents under both distributed state feedback and observer‐based output feedback control are established. On the basis of a parameter‐dependent Lyapunov function, a 2‐step controller design procedure is proposed, which can reduce the conservativeness to some extent in comparison with the conventional direct Lyapunov method. In addition, for the case with disturbance, the robustness of the system is investigated. Finally, some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the theoretical results.
Development and validation of the Workplace Interruptions Measure
Authors: Wilkes Stacy M. , Barber Larissa K. , Rogers Arielle P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn 3 studies, we developed and tested the first comprehensive, self‐report measure of workplace interruptions. The Workplace Interruptions Measure (WIM) is based on a typology of interruptions that included intrusions, distractions, discrepancy detections, and breaks. The four‐factor structure was reduced to a 12‐item measure in Study 1 (N = 317) and confirmed in a diverse sample of employees in Study 2 (N = 160). Study 3 (N = 323) further examined the psychometric properties of the WIM in a sample of university faculty and staff. Studies 2 and 3 demonstrated that both effort‐enhancing interruptions (intrusions, distractions, and discrepancy detections) and recovery‐enhancing interruptions (breaks) were associated with stressors and strains. Distractions, discrepancy detections, and breaks uniquely predicted strain outcomes beyond other workplace stressors (i.e., quantitative workload, interpersonal conflict, and role conflict). We discuss implications of the WIM for the theory and practice of interruptions research.
Improved Rayleigh to Compton scattering ratio curves for mass attenuation coefficients determination for X‐ray fluorescence analysis
Authors: Conti C.C. , Anjos M.J. , Salgado C.M. 
Published: June 2017

Nondestructive assays are essentials for certain types of sample materials, and, among those, the X‐ray fluorescence technique enables the determinations of stable elements, and there is an increasing effort on the development of equipment to suit the various needs. Nevertheless, a great difficulty on the analysis of unknown materials' composition is to account for self‐absorption of the fluorescence photons that must be considered in the elemental concentration calculation. The correlation between the Rayleigh to Compton scattering ratio to the mass attenuation coefficient has proved to follow a single polynomial function for the first 20 elements of the periodical table with a correlation factor higher than of 0.998 for the sixth order function. The Rayleigh to Compton scattering ratios for pure elements and the 22.16 keV photons, the main energy from an X‐ray tube with silver anode, were determined with the MCNP6 Monte Carlo computer code. Two scattering angles were considered. Reference samples were measured, and the calculated results were compared to the literature values of the mass attenuation coefficient for some known samples and showed to be within 20% for de 90° scattering angle. Only Lucite was slightly above 20%. Curve fit coefficients are also presented for the 7.11‐ and 17.40‐keV photon energies.
A Star‐Shaped Anionic Surfactant: Synthesis, Alkalinity Resistance, Interfacial Tension and Emulsification Properties at the Crude Oil–Water Interface
Authors: Zhang Rui , Cai Youfeng , Wang Jixing , Zhao Zijing , Mao Xu , Peng Zhigang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this research, a star‐shaped surfactant was synthesized through the chlorination reaction, alkylation reaction and sulfonation reaction of triethanolamine, which is composed of three hydrophobic chains and three sulfonate hydrophilic groups. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant was measured by the surface tension method, and the results showed that it had high surface activity with CMC of 5.53 × 10−5 mol/L. The surfactant was superior in surface active properties to the reference surfactants SDBS and DADS‐C12. The interfacial tension (IFT) of the studied crude oil–water system (surfactant concentration 0.1 g/L, NaOH concentration 0.5 g/L, and experimental temperature 50 °C) dropped to 1.1 × 10−4 mN/m, which can fulfil the requirement of surfactants for oil displacement. An aqueous solution of the surfactant and crude oil was emulsified by shaking, which formed a highly stable oil‐in‐water (O/W) emulsion with particle size of 5–20 μm. The oil displacement effect was almost 12%.
Experimental investigation of foam performance in the presence of crude oil
Authors: Pu Wanfen , Pang Shishi , Wang Chongyang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe foam performance in the presence of oil plays an important role in foam application in enhancing oil recovery. The present study systematically investigated the effect of oil type, oil content, surfactant type, surfactant concentration, alkane chain length, salinity, and polymer concentration on foam performance in both the absence and presence of oil. The results showed that oil viscosity and oil density as well as oil component all contributed to foam performance in the presence of oil. Within a certain oil content, both light oil and heavy oil had a positive effect on foam, but heavy oil had a higher tendency to stabilize the foam. The order of foam performance by different surfactants was changed by the oil. It is noteworthy that heavy oil is detrimental to sodium dibutyl naphthalene sulfonate (BM) foam. Light oil can improve foam performance while heavy oil can harm foam in some specific cases. Lower salinity, longer alkane chain length, higher surfactant concentration and the presence of a polymer all benefited foam in the presence of crude oil.
Patient-Centered Outcomes and Treatment Preferences Regarding Sexual Problems: A Qualitative Study Among Midlife Women
Authors: Thomas Holly N. , Hamm Megan , Hess Rachel , Borrero Sonya , Thurston Rebecca C. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Background
Sexual dysfunction is common in midlife women and can have a significant negative impact on quality of life. Although treatments exist, there is little research on which sexual function outcomes and treatments midlife women prefer.

Aim
To better understand the sexual function outcomes that were most important to sexually active women 45 to 60 years old and the types of treatments they would prefer from individual interviews and focus groups.

Methods
Twenty individual interviews and three focus groups (N = 39) were led by a trained facilitator, audio recorded, and transcribed. Two investigators developed a codebook, and the primary investigator coded all data. A second investigator coded five randomly selected interviews to ensure intercoder reliability. Codes relating to outcomes and treatment preferences were examined to identify central themes.

Results
The mean age was 52.8 years (range = 45–59). When asked what they would want a sexual dysfunction treatment to do, women sought solutions to specific sexual problems: low desire, vaginal pain and dryness, and decreased arousal or ability to achieve orgasm. However, when asked about the most important aspect of their sex life, most women indicated emotional outcomes, such as enhanced intimacy with their partner, were most important to them. Most women preferred behavioral over pharmaceutical treatments, citing concerns about side effects. These women felt that behavioral treatments might be better equipped to address physical and psychological aspects of sexual problems.

Clinical implications
This study highlights the importance of considering not only physical but also emotional outcomes when evaluating and treating sexual dysfunction in midlife women. It also emphasizes the importance of developing behavioral treatments in addition to pharmaceutical treatments.

Strengths and Limitations
By using a qualitative approach, this study allowed women the time and space to speak their own words about their experiences with sexuality at midlife. In addition, different racial and ethnic groups and menopausal statuses were represented. Limitations include limited generalizability, as is true for most qualitative research. In addition, although most women did endorse sexual problems, we did not exclude women with no sexual complaints.

Conclusions
Midlife women value physical and emotional outcomes with regard to sexual function. Many midlife women in this sample expressed a preference for behavioral approaches over pharmaceutical approaches for the treatment of sexual dysfunction.