bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution Patterns of Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Forefoot and Midfoot A 12.5-Year Study at a University Hospital
Authors: Scheele Christian , Harrasser Norbert , Beischl Simone , Dammerer Dietmar , Lenze Ulrich , Knebel Carolin , Lenze Florian 
Published: October 2024

Background Masses in the forefoot and midfoot are common reasons for medical presentation and can be caused by various pathological conditions. The challenge in clinical practice is to distinguish the multitude of trivialities from the few malignant entities and to arrive at a reliable clinical diagnosis in a reasonable amount of time with a moderate use of diagnostic tools. Material and Methods In a retrospective analysis, tumors, tumor-like lesions, and pseudotumors distal to the Chopart joint presented to our multidisciplinary university tumor board between January 2010 und June 2023 were analyzed concerning entity, location, age, and sex. Results Of the 167 cases included, 18 were osseous and 149 were soft tissue lesions. Overall, the metatarsal region was most frequently affected, accounting for 42.5% of all cases. Osseous lesions showed a preference for the phalanges and soft-tissue lesions occurring more frequently in the metatarsal region. In total, 88.0% of all cases were benign. All 20 malignant cases derived from soft tissue, occurred in all sections of the forefoot and midfoot and comprised 13 entities. Most lesions affected middle-aged patients, but cases occurred in almost every age group. Conclusion In the examined patient population of a German university hospital, most cases were benign soft tissue lesions with a substantial share of pseudotumors and tumor-like lesions. However, the malignancy rate of 12.0% highlights the importance of differential diagnostic considerations. In cases of uncertain results, it is crucial to refer individuals with unclear masses to a specialized center for musculoskeletal tumor care early on in their treatment process. Levels of Evidence: III
Validity and reliability of a digital solution for cognitive assessment: The Brain on Track®
Authors: Andias Rosa , Martins Ana Isabel , Pais Joana , Cruz Vítor Tedim , Silva Anabela G , Rocha Nelson Pacheco 
Published: October 2024

Background Cognitive assessment and the early detection of cognitive impairments have been enhanced by the use of remote digital solutions. The Brain on Track® is one of these digital solutions used in clinical practice for online screening and monitoring of cognitive functioning. Objectives This study aimed to explore the validity and reliability of the Brain on Track® computerized test on a tablet device in adults. Methods A community sample of 54 young adults, 51 middle-aged adults, and 50 older adults were invited to attend in two assessment sessions. The first session included data collection on sociodemographic data, user digital literacy, Brain on Track® on the computer and on the tablet device, and usability from the user and moderator perspective. The second session included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Questionnaire (MoCA) and a second completion of the Brain on Track® on tablet to assess the criterion validity and test–retest reliability. Hypothesis testing was used to assess construct validity. Results A weak to moderate correlation was found between the Brain on Track® tablet score and the MoCA. The ICC was 0.72, 0.84, and 0.79, and Cronbach's alpha was 0.84, 0.83, and 0.89 in young adults, middle-aged adults, and older adults, respectively. Conclusions This study suggested that the Brain on Track® administered using a tablet device has criterion validity, particularly in middle-aged and older adults, and internal consistency and test–retest reliability in adults of any age group.
“It's really hard to strike a balance”: The role of digital influencers in shaping youth mental health
Authors: Adeane Emily , Stasiak Karolina 
Published: October 2024

Objective Social media influencers have enormous sway with youth; however, little is known about how they communicate about mental health and how young people respond to this content. Methods This study used semi-structured, remote interviews with 31 participants aged 16 to 24 years to explore how young people feel about the way social media influencers discuss mental health online. Thematic analysis and member-checking processes were used to identify five themes, each reflecting a tension in how participants viewed a specific aspect of influencer content. Results Themes included the style (casual or serious), volume (inadequate or excessive), focus (distress or solutions), source (lived experience or professional advice), and sponsorship status (persuading or exploitative) of influencer content. Conclusion Young people appear to hold widely varying, nuanced preferences regarding influencer mental health content. Notwithstanding some risks and limitations, influencers can generate engaging mental health content—their potential role in shaping youth mental health and other health communication efforts warrants further exploration.
Ethical acceptability of telemedicine: Nursing home resident's perspective on telemedical consultations
Authors: Sira Nataliya , Groß Dominik ,   Optimal@NRW Research Group, Wilhelmy Saskia 
Published: October 2024

Objective The use of telemedicine in health care has recently expanded, and with it the need to evaluate its use from an ethical perspective. Studies investigating the ethical acceptability of telemedical consultations (TC) in nursing homes are lacking, and in particular, the perspectives and experiences of older adults with TC are underrepresented. The objective of this study is to identify ethically relevant parameters in the acute care of nursing home residents using TC and to derive recommendations. Methods A combination of qualitative research methods was employed to gain a comprehensive understanding of the research topic. These included semi-structured face-to-face interviews and participant observations. Due to the phased design of the cluster-randomized controlled intervention trial in the overarching study project, our investigations were carried out in phases before and after the implementation of the telemedical systems in the nursing homes. Results We identified various ethical challenges associated with the use of TC, including those related to autonomy, participation, privacy, self-conception, beneficence, security and justice. Our analysis indicates that the use of TC for nursing home residents is ethically acceptable, provided that several recommendations to promote acceptability are considered. Conclusion Our findings provide insights into the variety of ethical challenges that can arise when using TC in nursing homes to provide care for older adults while also providing information on how these challenges can be addressed. Furthermore, these findings provide guidance for further research to improve the care of residents in nursing homes from an ethical perspective.
Brief Behavioral Activation Intervention for Inpatient Depression by Psychiatric Nurses: A Single-Group Study
Authors: Kato Sayaka , Tanoue Hiroki , Fukuzoe Junko , Ishida Yasushi 
Published: October 2024

Introduction Behavioral Activation (BA) is a short-term cognitive behavioral therapy modality that stimulates activities that increase patients’ reinforcement experiences. Recent research verified the effect of brief BA. However, despite the short intervention time per session, BA is difficult to implement during hospitalization due to its long implementation period. Objectives To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a brief BA program for people with depression in an inpatient setting. Methods This study employed a single-group pre-post design. Fifteen patients who met the inclusion criteria participated in the trial after providing oral and written informed consent. In addition to their usual care, participants received four weekly sessions administered by a nurse. The primary outcome measures included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), which indicated patients’ subjective depression severity. Clinical outcomes were measured at preintervention, immediate postintervention, and one-month postintervention. Results Fourteen participants completed the BA program and were receptive to treatment. For the primary endpoint, BDI-II, there was an improvement in scores (25.60 to 22.73 to 22.06) between the baseline, postintervention, and 1-month postassessment, but not a significant change. For EQ VAS score, there was no significant change, but there was an improvement in EQ VAS score (51.53 to 52.20 to 55.13) between the baseline, postintervention, and 1-month postassessment. The mean total Global Assessment of Functioning score increased from 40.20 to 57.00 across the pre- and postassessment points ( p < .0001). Conclusion The study comprised a brief BA intervention, with results suggesting that participants could complete the program without feeling burdened. Although there was no significant improvement in the general outcome, depression levels, and other outcomes improved. Thus, while there is a need to rethink BA intervention, this program may be a practical approach to improving depression and other outcomes.
Making a Case for Whole Person Health
Authors: Herman Patricia M. , Pitcher Mark H. , Langevin Helene M. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Our conventional approach to health care tends to separate patients’ health by body system, treating each independently and “efficiently”—e.g., minimal time with a provider, reliance on medications, and little investment to support behavioral and lifestyle improvements. Meanwhile, the United States has the most expensive health care in the world, with some of the worse outcomes. Purpose In this paper, we make the case for transforming health care from a disease-centric approach to a “whole person” model. Research Design: We provide detailed health and health care utilization assumptions for a hypothetical patient, Mrs. M, over her life from age 40 to 80 years under 2 care scenarios: the continuation of conventional care (Version A) and a whole person care approach (Version B). Analysis We developed a set of health care utilization assumptions for each scenario, applied 2023 U.S. dollar (USD) resource prices, and estimated cumulative total health care costs. The price and the health care utilization assumptions for the conventional care scenario were validated using Medical Expenditures Panel Survey (MEPS) data. Results: At age 80, with conventional care, we find Mrs. M increasingly frail and living in a skilled nursing facility, with total cumulative health care costs of $353,155. With whole person care, we find her active and generally healthy at age 80, with total cumulative health care costs of $52,425. Conclusions: Although based on an “imagined” case, the 2 versions of Mrs. M’s history illustrate how an investment beginning in early middle age to support a healthy diet, physical activity, and stress management can plausibly lead to improved health and well-being, as well as reduced health care spending.
Genetic predisposition and pathogenetic mechanisms of interstitial lung diseases of unknown origin
Authors: Verleden G.M. , du Bois R.M. , Bouros D. , Drent M. , Millar A. , Müller-Quernheim J. , Semenzato G. , Johnson S. , Sourvinos G. , Olivieri D. , Pietinalho A. , Xaubet A. 
Published: October 2024

Understanding of the cellular and cytokine interactions associated with inflammation and fibrosis in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) has increased substantially during the past few years. Presently, many agents are known to have the ability to induce ILDs, although only a small percentage of exposed individuals will develop the disease. In addition, the majority of ILDs are of unknown origin and many are labelled “idiopathic”. Therefore, host susceptibility, genetic factors and, possibly, environmental cofactors may be important for the clinical expression of ILDs.The present review reports evidence of the genetic predisposition to develop ILDs of unknown origin, more specifically sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), lymphangioleio-myomatosis and ILDs, in systemic sclerosis. For instance, for sarcoidosis and IPF several histocompatibility antigens have been associated with the development and/or the clinical presentation of the disease. Furthermore, there are also several types of ILD that are associated with inherited disorders, of which the tuberous sclerosis complex is only one example. This clearly indicates that pulmonary fibrosis can be influenced by genetic factors. Familial occurrence of sarcoidosis and IPF is also well known, although the exact modes of inheritance are debatable.Several studies have shown that extrinsic factors, such as single or multiple fibrosing agents, probably contribute to the development of clinical ILDs of unknown origin. It is probable that some of these studies deal with patients who do not have classical IPF, as recently defined by the American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) consensus. Therefore, the true role of these extrinsic factors in the development of IPF, or even sarcoidosis, remains speculative.With the help of animal studies and, more specifically, by using knock-out mice, it may be possible in the near future to unravel at least some of the genes that are responsible for the increased susceptibility of the development of interstitial lung diseases.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis: current concepts
Authors: Bourke S.J. , Dalphin J.C. , Boyd G. , McSharry C. , Baldwin C.I. , Calvert J.E. 
Published: October 2024

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), or extrinsic allergic alveolitis, is due to a hypersensitivity reaction after repeated inhalation of finely dispersed antigens, mainly organic particles or low molecular weight chemicals. The essence of this disease is an interaction between the host's immune system and external antigen, influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. In susceptible subjects, it leads to a combined type III allergic reaction of Gell and Coombs (with formation of precipitines) and a type IV lymphocytic reaction (with a granulomatous inflammation in the distal bronchioles and alveoli).This review gives an update on epidemiology, antigens, pathogenesis, host susceptibility, environmental factors, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment in HP. The list of aetiological agents is long and new sources of antigens are constantly being identified. Host risk factors are poorly characterized, with the exception of those linked to exposure factors. Environmental factors and cofactors may be critical for the pathogenesis of the disease.HP is not a uniform disease entity, but a complex dynamic clinical syndrome such that different patterns of disease emerge over time. The diagnosis is made from a combination of clinical features, radiographic abnormalities, lung function tests and immunological tests. The use of inhalation challenge tests for the diagnosis has been hampered by the lack of standardization.Antigen avoidance is the key element in the treatment. There is often an apparent beneficial response to corticosteroids, but it may be difficult to distinguish between the effects of treatment, the natural course of the disease and the effect of antigen avoidance.
Genotype and phenotype in susceptibility to coal workers' pneumoconiosis. The use of cytokines in perspective
Authors: Borm P.J.A. , Schins R.P.F. 
Published: October 2024

The readily available technique of screening for gene polymorphisms could be used to explain inter-individual variability in a classic occupational interstitial lung disease, such as coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP).The objective of this paper is to describe candidate genes selected from the wide pool of cytokines and growth factors, and to discuss the applications and pitfalls when using them as biomarkers for susceptibility to CWP. The selection of candidate genes is mainly based on observed phenotypic changes in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid or BAL cells of patients with CWP, or on animal experiments that use quartz as the fibrogenic agent.This paper also reviews the studies that have been performed to validate tumour necrosis factor genotype and phenotype with respect to CWP.Finally, it is proposed that a multiple marker approach to susceptibility to CWP should be used. This involves the measurement of two cytokines (tumour necrosis factor and transforming growth factor‐β) to improve denomination of high- and low-risk groups.
New perspectives on YTHDF2 O-GlcNAc modification in the pathogenesis of intervertebral disc degeneration
Authors: Lu Liangjie , Wang Lijun , Yang Minjie , Wang Huihan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the potential molecular mechanisms by which O-GlcNAc modification of YTHDF2 regulates the cell cycle and participates in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). We employed transcriptome sequencing to identify genes involved in IDD and utilized bioinformatics analysis to predict key disease-related genes. In vitro mechanistic validation was performed using mouse nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. Changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cell cycle were assessed through flow cytometry and CCK-8 assays. An IDD mouse model was also established for in vivo mechanistic validation, with changes in IDD severity measured using X-rays and immunohistochemical staining. Bioinformatics analysis revealed differential expression of YTHDF2 in NP cells of normal and IDD mice, suggesting its potential as a diagnostic gene for IDD. In vitro cell experiments demonstrated that YTHDF2 expression and O-GlcNAcylation were reduced in NP cells under H2O2 induction, leading to inhibition of the cell cycle through decreased stability of CCNE1 mRNA. Further, in vivo animal experiments confirmed a decrease in YTHDF2 expression and O-GlcNAcylation in IDD mice, while overexpression or increased O-GlcNAcylation of YTHDF2 promoted CCNE1 protein expression, thereby alleviating IDD pathology. YTHDF2 inhibits its degradation through O-GlcNAc modification, promoting the stability of CCNE1 mRNA and the cell cycle to prevent IDD formation.
Insomnia as a predictor of treatment outcomes in adolescents receiving concentrated exposure treatment for OCD
Authors: Skjold Solvei Harila , Hagen Kristen , Wheaton Michael G. , Kallestad Håvard , Hjelle Kay Morten , Björgvinsson Thröstur , Hansen Bjarne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Research suggests that individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) frequently experience insomnia. Some previous studies have suggested that insomnia may predict treatment outcomes, but the evidence is limited, especially for adolescents. This study examined the prevalence of insomnia in an adolescent OCD patient sample, explored the correlation between OCD and insomnia, and tested whether levels of insomnia at baseline predict outcomes for adolescent patients receiving the Bergen 4-Day Treatment (B4DT) for OCD.

Methods
Forty-three adolescent OCD patients who received B4DT were selected for this study. Treatment outcome was quantified as change in Children Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS) scores across time from pre- to posttreatment and 3-month follow-up. Insomnia symptoms were measured by the Bergen Insomnia Scale (BIS). Linear mixed models were used to examine the relationship between the BIS and changes in CY-BOCS scores. We controlled for symptoms of general anxiety disorder measured by the GAD-7 and depression symptoms measured by the PHQ-9.

Results
In this sample, 68.4% of the patients scored above the cutoff for insomnia on the BIS. There was a moderate correlation between baseline CY-BOCS and BIS that did not reach statistical significance (r = .32, p = .051). High BIS scores before treatment were significantly associated with poorer treatment outcomes, as measured by changes in CY-BOCS over time (p = .002). The association between baseline insomnia and change in OCD symptoms remained significant (p = .033) while controlling for GAD-7 and PHQ-9.

Conclusion
Insomnia is common among adolescents with OCD, and these data suggest that these patients may be at increased risk for poor treatment outcomes. Future research to explore mechanisms and adjunctive treatments is warranted.

Trial registration
The study was approved by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Research Ethics of Northern Norway (REK Nord: 2023/606482).
The decriminalization of illicit drugs in British Columbia: a national evaluation protocol
Authors: Russell Cayley , Ali Farihah , Imtiaz Sameer , Butler Amanda , Greer Alissa , Rehm Jürgen ,   the Decriminalization Evaluation Research Group, Bardwell Geoff , Bonn Matthew , Boyd Jade , Bruneau Julie , Costello Jean , Crichlow Frank , Crépault Jean-François , Degenhardt Louisa , Elton-Marshall Tara , Ferencz Sarah , Gomes Tara , Goulão João Castel-Branco , Griffiths Paul N , Hickman Matthew , Hodgins David C. , Hodgson Kate , Hyshka Elaine , Le Foll Bernard , Linklater Rennie , Lock Kurt , Patenaude Sean , Mackinnon Laura M. , McLuckie Taija , Mitra Sanjana , Nurse Michael , Sedgemore Kali-olt , Shahin Rita , Smith Wayne M. , Stewart Sherry H. , Werb Dan , Xavier Jessica C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
On January 31st, 2023, the province of British Columbia (BC), Canada, was granted a federal exemption allowing adults (aged 18 +) to possess up to 2.5 g of select illicit drugs. The exemption will be in place for three years (2023–2026), marking the first formal decriminalization of illicit drug policy reform in Canada. BC’s decriminalization initiative is premised on several goals. This project seeks to evaluate each of these goals and their individual and combined contributions to determine the overall success of this policy.

Methods
The following protocol paper provides a detailed outline of a five-year (2022-2027) national evaluation of BC’s decriminalization initiative, as well as the specific objectives, methodologies, and planned analyses for eight interrelated sub-studies that comprise the evaluation. These sub-studies fall under the following five topical areas of research: 1) people who use drugs (PWUD), 2) the police and the criminal justice system, 3) the general public, 4) the health services system, and 5) an economic analysis. Additional research activities may also be explored.

Results
The overall evaluation and specific sub-study designs were informed by intensive stakeholder engagement. The evaluation was developed in collaboration with an international expert committee who came together to undertake a nominal group technique to decide on the final evaluation design and corresponding logic model. The evaluation will also employ an advisory board and individual sub-study working groups comprised of experts and PWUD who will oversee the development and implementation of the overall evaluation as well as each sub-study.

Discussion
This evaluation will draw on implementation science research practices to evaluate and understand the full impacts of this novel drug policy experiment. Results will be widely disseminated through manuscripts, reports, presentations, and infographics, which will be adapted and tailored for specific audiences. The protocol identifies several anticipated challenges and limitations. This evaluation’s evidence-based findings will be poised to offer pivotal insights that can shape and refine the discourse on drug policy and will serve as a critical resource for understanding the multifaceted impacts of decriminalization.