bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low incidence of D alloimmunization among patients with a serologic weak D phenotype after D+ transfusion
Authors: Yazer Mark H. , Brunker Patricia A. , Bakdash Suzanne , Tobian Aaron A.R. , Triulzi Darrell J. , Earnest Victorea , Harris Samantha , Delaney Meghan 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDBy consensus definition, the red blood cells (RBCs) of patients that react weak to 2+ in the serologic D test are classified as having the serologic weak D phenotype (weak D). The risk of D alloimmunization in patients with weak D is not well studied. This study retrospectively determined the incidence of D alloimmunization in patients with weak D who received D+ blood products.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSPatient records at four institutions were reviewed. Eligible patients had at least 1 D typing result with agglutination strength that was weak to 2+ result in gel or tube (Institutions 1‐3) or weak to 2+ result in solid phase or a positive tube weak D test using antihuman globulin reagent (Institution 4). All patients received at least 1 D+ allogeneic RBC or platelet transfusion and had a subsequent antibody detection test performed at least 30 days after the first D+ transfusion.RESULTSThe incidence of alloanti‐D formation was 0.15% (6/4011, at Institutions 1‐3) and 5.1% (3/59, at Institution 4; these incidences were significantly different [p = 0.0002]). There were 0.15% (6/4011) patients who had autoanti‐D detected; all were at Institutions 1 to 3.CONCLUSIONSUntil RHD genotyping is widely available, these data support the fact that patients with serologic weak D may be transfused with D+ RBCs if an urgent transfusion is required. At Institution 4, inclusion of a higher proportion of black patients compared to the other institutions may have affected the incidence of alloimmunization by perhaps including partial D recipients who are at risk of forming D antibodies.
Exploration of the psychological impact and adaptation to cardiac events in South Asians in the UK: a qualitative study
Authors: Bhattacharyya Mimi , Stevenson Fiona , Walters Kate 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThere is little research on how different ethnic groups adapt after an acute cardiac event. This qualitative study explores between-ethnicity and within-ethnicity variation in adaptation, and the psychological impact of an acute cardiac event among UK South Asian and white British people.SettingWe purposively sampled people by ethnic group from general practices in London who had a new myocardial infarction, angina or acute arrhythmia in the preceding 18 months.ParticipantsWe conducted 28 semistructured interviews for exploring the psychological symptoms, experiences and adaptations following a cardiac event among South Asians (Indian and Bangladeshi) in comparison to white British people. Data were analysed using a thematic ‘framework’ approach.ResultsFindings showed heterogeneity in experiences of the cardiac event and its subsequent psychological and physical impact. Adaptation to the event related predominantly to life circumstances, personal attitudes and employment status. Anxiety and low mood symptoms were common sequelae, especially in the Bangladeshi group. Indian men tended to normalise symptoms and the cardiac event, and reported less negative mood symptoms than other groups. Fear of physical exertion, particularly heavy lifting, persisted across the groups. Some people across all ethnic groups indicated the need for more psychological therapy postcardiac event. Socioeconomic circumstances, age and prior work status appeared to be more important in relation to adaptation after a cardiac event than ethnic status.ConclusionsHeterogeneity in views and experiences related to the socioeconomic background, age and work status of the participants along with some cultural influences. Rehabilitation programmes should be flexibly tailored for individuals in particular and where relevant, specific support should be provided for returning to work.
Comparative efficacy and acceptability of first-generation and second-generation antidepressants in the acute treatment of major depression: protocol for a network meta-analysis
Authors: Furukawa Toshi A , Salanti Georgia , Atkinson Lauren Z , Leucht Stefan , Ruhe Henricus G , Turner Erick H , Chaimani Anna , Ogawa Yusuke , Takeshima Nozomi , Hayasaka Yu , Imai Hissei , Shinohara Kiyomi , Suganuma Aya , Watanabe Norio , Stockton Sarah , Geddes John R , Cipriani Andrea 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionMany antidepressants are indicated for the treatment of major depression. Two network meta-analyses have provided the most comprehensive assessments to date, accounting for both direct and indirect comparisons; however, these reported conflicting interpretation of results. Here, we present a protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis aimed at updating the evidence base and comparing all second-generation as well as selected first-generation antidepressants in terms of efficacy and acceptability in the acute treatment of major depression.Methods and analysisWe will include all randomised controlled trials reported as double-blind and comparing one active drug with another or with placebo in the acute phase treatment of major depression in adults. We are interested in comparing the following active agents: agomelatine, amitriptyline, bupropion, citalopram, clomipramine, desvenlafaxine, duloxetine, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, levomilnacipran, milnacipran, mirtazapine, nefazodone, paroxetine, reboxetine, sertraline, trazodone, venlafaxine, vilazodone and vortioxetine. The main outcomes will be the proportion of patients who responded to or dropped out of the allocated treatment. Published and unpublished studies will be sought through relevant database searches, trial registries and websites; all reference selection and data extraction will be conducted by at least two independent reviewers. We will conduct a random effects network meta-analysis to synthesise all evidence for each outcome and obtain a comprehensive ranking of all treatments. To rank the various treatments for each outcome, we will use the surface under the cumulative ranking curve and the mean ranks. We will employ local as well as global methods to evaluate consistency. We will fit our model in a Bayesian framework using OpenBUGS, and produce results and various checks in Stata and R. We will also assess the quality of evidence contributing to network estimates of the main outcomes with the GRADE framework.Ethics and disseminationThis review does not require ethical approval.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42012002291.
Improving advance care planning for English-speaking and Spanish-speaking older adults: study protocol for the PREPARE randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sudore Rebecca L , Barnes Deborah E , Le Gem M , Ramos Roberto , Osua Stacy J , Richardson Sarah A , Boscardin John , Schillinger Dean 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionAdvance care planning (ACP) is a process that allows patients to identify their goals for medical care. Traditionally, ACP has focused on completing advance directives; however, we have expanded the ACP paradigm to also prepare patients to communicate their wishes and make informed decisions. To this end, we created an ACP website called PREPARE (http://www.prepareforyourcare.org) to prepare diverse English-speaking and Spanish-speaking older adults for medical decision-making. Here, we describe the study protocol for a randomised controlled efficacy trial of PREPARE in a safety-net setting. The goal is to determine the efficacy of PREPARE to engage diverse English-speaking and Spanish-speaking older adults in a full spectrum of ACP behaviours.Methods and analysisWe include English-speaking and Spanish-speaking adults from an urban public hospital who are ≥55 years old, have ≥2 chronic medical conditions and have seen a primary care physician ≥2 times in the last year. Participants are randomised to the PREPARE intervention (review PREPARE and an easy-to-read advance directive) or the control arm (only the easy-to-read advance directive). The primary outcome is documentation of an advance directive and/or ACP discussion. Secondary outcomes include ACP behaviour change processes measured with validated surveys (eg, self-efficacy, readiness) and a broad range of ACP actions (eg, choosing a surrogate, identifying goals for care, discussing ACP with clinicians and/or surrogates). Using blinded outcome ascertainment, outcomes will be measured at 1 week and at 3, 6 and 12 months, and compared between study arms using mixed-effects logistic regression and mixed-effects linear, Poisson or negative binomial regression.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the appropriate Institutional Review Boards and is guided by input from patient and clinical advisory boards and a data safety monitoring board. The results of this study will be disseminated to academic and community stakeholders.Trial registration numbersNCT01990235;NCT02072941; Pre-results.
Perceptions and experiences of the implementation, management, use and optimisation of electronic prescribing systems in hospital settings: protocol for a systematic review of qualitative studies
Authors: Farre Albert , Bem Danai , Heath Gemma , Shaw Karen , Cummins Carole 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionThere is increasing evidence that electronic prescribing (ePrescribing) or computerised provider/physician order entry (CPOE) systems can improve the quality and safety of healthcare services. However, it has also become clear that their implementation is not straightforward and may create unintended or undesired consequences once in use. In this context, qualitative approaches have been particularly useful and their interpretative synthesis could make an important and timely contribution to the field. This review will aim to identify, appraise and synthesise qualitative studies on ePrescribing/CPOE in hospital settings, with or without clinical decision support.Methods and analysisData sources will include the following bibliographic databases: MEDLINE, MEDLINE In Process, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice via Ovid, CINAHL via EBSCO, The Cochrane Library (CDSR, DARE and CENTRAL databases), Nursing and Allied Health Sources, Applied Social Sciences Index and Abstracts via ProQuest and SCOPUS. In addition, other sources will be searched for ongoing studies (ClinicalTrials.gov) and grey literature: Healthcare Management Information Consortium, Conference Proceedings Citation Index (Web of Science) and Sociological abstracts. Studies will be independently screened for eligibility by 2 reviewers. Qualitative studies, either standalone or in the context of mixed-methods designs, reporting the perspectives of any actors involved in the implementation, management and use of ePrescribing/CPOE systems in hospital-based care settings will be included. Data extraction will be conducted by 2 reviewers using a piloted form. Quality appraisal will be based on criteria from the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist and Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research. Studies will not be excluded based on quality assessment. A postsynthesis sensitivity analysis will be undertaken. Data analysis will follow the thematic synthesis method.Ethics and disseminationThe study does not require ethical approval as primary data will not be collected. The results of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at relevant conferences.Trial registration numberCRD42016035552.
Thermodynamics of anisotropic emergent universe in nonlinear electrodynamics
Authors: Sharif M. , Sarwar Ayesha 
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we study the emergent universe (EU) with interacting fluids in the background of Bianchi type I (BI) universe model. For this purpose, we consider polytropic equation of state (EoS) which constitutes three non-interacting fluids. In order to check the viability of the cosmological models, we take a two-fluid model interacting with dust fluid and a three-fluid model in which each fluid has nonlinear EoS interacting at [Formula: see text]. It turns out that both models are realistic cosmological viable. We also check the validity of the generalized second law of thermodynamics (GSLT) for EU with interacting fluids. Finally, we study its validity in the framework of nonlinear electrodynamics (NLED) on apparent horizon.
Influence of Deccan volcanism/synrift magmatism on the crust–mantle structure and its implications for the seismogenesis of earthquakes occurring in the Kachchh rift zone
Authors: Mandal Prantik 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

The present study focuses on the delineation of the crust–mantle structure underlying the Kachchh rift zone (KRZ), by modelling P-wave receiver functions (P-RFs) and P-wave teleseismic tomography. Our RF study delineates marked crustal and lithospheric thinning below the central KRZ relative to the unrifted surrounding regions. This thinning model receives further support from crust-corrected normalized P-residuals, which suggest dominant negative residuals associated with the central KRZ. Teleseismic tomography using these P-residuals reveals low velocity to a depth of 170 km below the central KRZ, while there are positive residuals associated with the surrounding unrifted zones. Such a complex heterogeneous crust–mantle structure, which could be related to K/T boundary Deccan mantle plume activity and rift-related magmatism, might play a crucial role in seismogenesis of lower crustal earthquakes that have occurred in the KRZ since 2001. Inverted crust–mantle models obtained from P-RFs suggest a low shear velocity zone extending from 70–110 to 170–220 km depth beneath the central KRZ. This receives further support from the presence of low P-wave velocity down to 170 km modelled using teleseismic tomography. This low
V
p
and
V
s
zone in the upper mantle could be explained by the presence of trapped melts related to Deccan volcanism at 65 Ma or older rift-related magmatism.
The NSL Chromatin-Modifying Complex Subunit KANSL2 Regulates Cancer Stem–like Properties in Glioblastoma That Contribute to Tumorigenesis
Authors: Ferreyra Solari Nazarena E. , Belforte Fiorella S. , Canedo Lucía , Videla-Richardson Guillermo A. , Espinosa Joaquín M. , Rossi Mario , Serna Eva , Riudavets Miguel A. , Martinetto Horacio , Sevlever Gustavo , Perez-Castro Carolina 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
KANSL2 is an integral subunit of the nonspecific lethal (NSL) chromatin-modifying complex that contributes to epigenetic programs in embryonic stem cells. In this study, we report a role for KANSL2 in regulation of stemness in glioblastoma (GBM), which is characterized by heterogeneous tumor stem–like cells associated with therapy resistance and disease relapse. KANSL2 expression is upregulated in cancer cells, mainly at perivascular regions of tumors. RNAi-mediated silencing of KANSL2 in GBM cells impairs their tumorigenic capacity in mouse xenograft models. In clinical specimens, we found that expression levels of KANSL2 correlate with stemness markers in GBM stem–like cell populations. Mechanistic investigations showed that KANSL2 regulates cell self-renewal, which correlates with effects on expression of the stemness transcription factor POU5F1. RNAi-mediated silencing of POU5F1 reduced KANSL2 levels, linking these two genes to stemness control in GBM cells. Together, our findings indicate that KANSL2 acts to regulate the stem cell population in GBM, defining it as a candidate GBM biomarker for clinical use. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5383–94. ©2016 AACR.
c-Myc Alteration Determines the Therapeutic Response to FGFR Inhibitors
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Ai Jing , Shen Aijun , Chen Yi , Wang Xinyi , Peng Xia , Chen Hui , Shen Yanyan , Huang Min , Ding Jian , Geng Meiyu 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Lately, emerging evidence has suggested that oncogenic kinases are associated with specific downstream effectors to govern tumor growth, suggesting potential translational values in kinase-targeted cancer therapy. Tyrosine kinase FGFR, which is aberrant in various cancer types, is one of the most investigated kinases in molecularly targeted cancer therapy. Herein, we investigated whether there exists key downstream effector(s) that converges FGFR signaling and determines the therapeutic response of FGFR-targeted therapy.
Experimental Design: A range of assays was used to assess the role of c-Myc in FGFR aberrant cancers and its translational relevance in FGFR-targeted therapy, including assessment of drug sensitivity using cell viability assay, signaling transduction profiling using immunoblotting, and in vivo antitumor efficacy using cancer cell line–based xenografts and patient-derived xenografts models.
Results: We discovered that c-Myc functioned as the key downstream effector that preceded FGFR-MEK/ERK signaling in FGFR aberrant cancer. Disruption of c-Myc overrode the cell proliferation driven by constitutively active FGFR. FGFR inhibition in FGFR-addicted cancer facilitated c-Myc degradation via phosphorylating c-Myc at threonine 58. Ectopic expression of undegradable c-Myc mutant conferred resistance to FGFR inhibition both in vitro and in vivo. c-Myc level alteration stringently determined the response to FGFR inhibitors, as demonstrated in FGFR-responsive cancer subset, as well as cancers bearing acquired or de novo resistance to FGFR inhibition.
Conclusions: This study reveals a stringent association between FGFR and the downstream effector c-Myc in FGFR-dependent cancers, and suggests the potential therapeutic value of c-Myc in FGFR-targeted cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(4); 974–84. ©2016 AACR.
Mutation Drivers of Immunological Responses to Cancer
Authors: Porta-Pardo Eduard , Godzik Adam 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn cancer immunology, somatic missense mutations have been mostly studied with regard to their role in the generation of neoantigens. However, growing evidence suggests that mutations in certain genes, such as CASP8 or TP53, influence the immune response against a tumor by other mechanisms. Identifying these genes and mechanisms is important because, just as the identification of cancer driver genes led to the development of personalized cancer therapies, a comprehensive catalog of such cancer immunity drivers will aid in the development of therapies aimed at restoring antitumor immunity. Here, we present an algorithm, domainXplorer, that can be used to identify potential cancer immunity drivers. To demonstrate its potential, we used it to analyze a dataset of 5,164 tumor samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and to identify protein domains in which mutation status correlates with the presence of immune cells in cancer tissue (immune infiltrate). We identified 122 such protein regions, including several that belong to proteins with known roles in immune response, such as C2, CD163L1, or FCγR2A. In several cases, we show that mutations within the same protein can be associated with more or less immune cell infiltration, depending on the specific domain mutated. These results expand the catalog of potential cancer immunity drivers and highlight the importance of taking into account the structural context of somatic mutations when analyzing their potential association with immune phenotypes. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(9); 789–98. ©2016 AACR.
Myocardial Recovery in Patients Receiving Contemporary Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Topkara Veli K. , Garan A. Reshad , Fine Barry , Godier-Furnémont Amandine F. , Breskin Alexander , Cagliostro Barbara , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Takeda Koji , Takayama Hiroo , Mancini Donna M. , Naka Yoshifumi , Colombo Paolo C. 
Published: July 2016

Background—
Time course and predictors of myocardial recovery on contemporary left ventricular assist device support are poorly defined because of limited number of recovery patients at any implanting center. This study sought to investigate myocardial recovery using multicenter data from the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS).

Methods and Results—
Thirteen thousand four hundred fifty-four adult patients were studied. Device explant rates for myocardial recovery were 0.9% at 1-year, 1.9% at 2-year, and 3.1% at 3-year follow-up. Independent predictors of device explantation for recovery were age <50 years (odds ratio [OR] 2.5), nonischemic etiology (OR 5.4), time since initial diagnosis <2 years (OR 3.4), suboptimal heart failure therapy before implant (OR 2.2), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter <6.5 cm (OR 1.7), pulmonary systolic artery pressure <50 mm Hg (OR 2.0), blood urea nitrogen <30 mg/dL (OR 3.3), and axial-flow device (OR 7.6). Patients with myocarditis (7.7%), postpartum cardiomyopathy (4.4%), and adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy (4.1%) had highest rates of device explantation for recovery. Use of neurohormonal blockers on left ventricular assist device support was significantly higher in patients who were explanted for recovery. Importantly, 9% of all left ventricular assist device patients who were not explanted for recovery have demonstrated substantial improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (partial recovery) and had remarkable overlap in clinical characteristic profile compared with patients who were explanted for recovery (complete recovery). Complete and partial recovery rates have declined in parallel with recent changes observed in device indications and technology.

Conclusions—
Myocardial recovery is a spectrum of improvement rather than a binary clinical end point. One in every 10 left ventricular assist device patients demonstrates partial or complete myocardial recovery and should be targeted for functional assessment and optimization.
Sudden Cardiac Death in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the ENGAGE AF‐TIMI 48 Trial
Authors: Eisen Alon , Ruff Christian T. , Braunwald Eugene , Nordio Francesco , Corbalán Ramón , Dalby Anthony , Dorobantu Maria , Mercuri Michele , Lanz Hans , Rutman Howard , Wiviott Stephen D. , Antman Elliott M. , Giugliano Robert P. 
Published: July 2016

Background

Recent findings suggest that atrial fibrillation is associated with sudden cardiac death (
SCD
). We examined the incidence, characteristics, and factors associated with
SCD
in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods and Results

SCD
was defined as witnessed death ≤60 minutes from the onset of new symptoms or unwitnessed death 1 to 24 hours after being observed alive, without another known cause of death. Predictors of
SCD
were examined using multivariate competing risks models. Over 2.8 years (median), 2349 patients died (40.5 per 1000 patient‐years), of which 1668 (71%) were cardiovascular deaths.
SCD
was the most common cause of cardiovascular death (n=749; median age 73 years; 70.6% male). Most
SCD
events occurred out of hospital (92.8%) and without prior symptoms (66.0%). Predictors of
SCD
included low ejection fraction, heart failure, and prior myocardial infarction (
P
<0.001 for each). Additional significant baseline predictors of
SCD
, but not of other causes of death, included male sex, electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy, higher heart rate, nonuse of beta blockers, and use of digitalis. The latter was associated with
SCD
in patients with or without heart failure (adjusted hazard ratio 1.55 [95% CI 1.29–1.86] and 1.56 [95% CI 1.14–2.11], respectively;
P
interaction
=0.73). The rate of
SCD
was numerically but not statistically lower with edoxaban (1.20% per year with lower dose edoxaban; 1.28% per year with higher dose edoxaban) compared with warfarin (1.40% per year).

Conclusion

SCD
is the most common cause of cardiovascular death in patients with atrial fibrillation and has several distinct predictors, some of which are modifiable. These findings may be considered in planning research and treatment strategies for patients with atrial fibrillation.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
00781391.