bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MBL2 Genetic Variants in HCV Infection Susceptibility, Spontaneous Viral Clearance and Pegylated Interferon Plus Ribavirin Treatment Response
Authors: Zupin L. , Polesello V. , Alberi G. , Moratelli G. , Crocè S. L. , Masutti F. , Pozzato G. , Crovella S. , Segat L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHepatitis C is disease that damages the liver, and it is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The pathology became chronic in about 80% of the cases due to virus persistence in the host organism. The standard of care consists of pegylated interferon plus ribavirin; however, the treatment response is very variable and different host/viral factors may concur in the disease outcome. The mannose‐binding protein C (MBL) is a component of the innate immune system, able to recognize HCV and consecutively activating the immune response. MBL is encoded by MBL2 gene, and polymorphisms, two in the promoter region (H/L and X/Y) and three in exon 1 (at codon 52, 54 and 57), have been described as functionally influencing protein expression. In this work, 203 Italian HCV patients and 61 healthy controls were enrolled and genotyped for the five MBL2 polymorphisms mentioned above to investigate their role in HCV infection susceptibility, spontaneous viral clearance and treatment response. MBL2 polymorphisms were not associated with HCV infection susceptibility and with spontaneous viral clearance, while MBL2 O allele, O/O genotype, HYO haplotype and DP combined genotype (all correlated with low or deficient MBL expression) were associated with sustained virological response. Moreover, a meta‐analysis to assess the role of MBL2 polymorphisms in HCV infection susceptibility was also performed: YA haplotype could be associated with protection towards HCV infection.
Antiphospholipid Antibodies are Associated with Low Levels of Complement C3 and C4 in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Garabet L. , Gilboe I.‐M. , Mowinckel M.‐C. , Jacobsen A. F. , Mollnes T. E. , Sandset P. M. , Jacobsen E.‐M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractComplement activation and low complement levels are common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) are found in about 30‐40% of patients with SLE. This study aimed to investigate the association between aPL and complement levels in patients with SLE. Serum samples were collected from 269 patients with SLE enrolled in the Norwegian Systemic Connective Tissue and Vasculitis Registry (NOSVAR) during 2003‐2009, and from 353 controls. All samples were analysed for anti‐β2 glycoprotein 1 (anti‐β2GP1) and anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL), C‐reactive protein (CRP) and complement components C3 and C4. Median CRP level was significantly higher in cases than in controls (2.06 versus 0.90 mg/l; P < 0.0001). No significant difference in CRP was found between SLE patients with or without aPL (2.09 versus 1.89; P = 0.665). Median C3 levels were similar in cases (1.03 g/l) and controls (1.00 g/l), whereas median C4 levels were 0.16 g/l in cases versus. 0.19 in controls (P < 0.0001). However, aPL‐positive SLE patients had significantly lower median C3 levels (0.92 versus. 1.07 g/l; P = 0.001) and C4 levels (0.11 versus 0.16 g/l; P < 0.0001) compared to aPL‐negative patients. Lower C3 and C4 values in aPL‐positive SLE patients may reflect a higher consumption of C3 and C4 due to more pronounced complement activation in aPL‐positive SLE patients compared to SLE patients without aPL.
System level analysis of cacao seed ripening reveals a sequential interplay of primary and secondary metabolism leading to polyphenol accumulation and preparation of stress resistance
Authors: Wang Lei , Nägele Thomas , Doerfler Hannes , Fragner Lena , Chaturvedi Palak , Nukarinen Ella , Bellaire Anke , Huber Werner , Weiszmann Jakob , Engelmeier Doris , Ramsak Ziva , Gruden Kristina , Weckwerth Wolfram 
Published: May 2016

SummaryTheobroma cacao and its popular product, chocolate, are attracting attention due to potential health benefits including antioxidative effects by polyphenols, anti‐depressant effects by high serotonin levels, inhibition of platelet aggregation and prevention of obesity‐dependent insulin resistance. The development of cacao seeds during fruit ripening is the most crucial process for the accumulation of these compounds. In this study, we analyzed the primary and the secondary metabolome as well as the proteome during Theobroma cacao cv. Forastero seed development by applying an integrative extraction protocol. The combination of multivariate statistics and mathematical modelling revealed a complex consecutive coordination of primary and secondary metabolism and corresponding pathways. Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and aromatic amino acid metabolism dominated during the early developmental stages (stages 1 and 2; cell division and expansion phase). This was accompanied with a significant shift of proteins from phenylpropanoid metabolism to flavonoid biosynthesis. At stage 3 (reserve accumulation phase), metabolism of sucrose switched from hydrolysis into raffinose synthesis. Lipids as well as proteins involved in lipid metabolism increased whereas amino acids and N‐phenylpropenoyl amino acids decreased. Purine alkaloids, polyphenols, and raffinose as well as proteins involved in abiotic and biotic stress accumulated at stage 4 (maturation phase) endowing cacao seeds the characteristic astringent taste and resistance to stress. In summary, metabolic key points of cacao seed development comprise the sequential coordination of primary metabolites, phenylpropanoid, N‐phenylpropenoyl amino acid, serotonin, lipid and polyphenol metabolism thereby covering the major compound classes involved in cacao aroma and health benefits.
The Reliability of Functional Movement Screen Scores Assigned by Athletic Trainers
Authors: Sorenson Eric A. 
Published: May 2016

Context:The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) consists of a battery of seven tests that are widely used to systematically evaluate movement.Objective:To evaluate the interrater agreement and intrarater reliability of FMS scores assigned by athletic trainers who reviewed video recordings of the movements.Design:Interrater agreement and test–retest intrarater reliability.Setting:Laboratory.Subjects:Eight athletic trainers rated the movements of 15 college-aged participants.Measurements:Component and composite FMS scores.Results:Median values for interrater agreement (0.90) and intrarater reliability (0.88) of the FMS composite score were acceptable. With the exception of the rotary stability test, all of the component scores demonstrated acceptable values for scoring consistency (> 0.80).Conclusions:Both component and composite FMS scores assigned by athletic trainers were highly consistent, both in terms of scores assigned by different raters and scores assigned by the same raters on two different occasions.
Lumbar- and Cervicothoracic-Spine Loading During a Fast-Bowling Spell
Authors: Greig Matt , Nagy Philip 
Published: May 2016

Context:Epidemiological studies highlight a prevalence of lumbar vertebrae injuries in cricket fast bowlers, with governing bodies implementing rules to reduce exposure. Analysis typically requires complex and laboratory-based biomechanical analyses, lacking ecological validity. Developments in GPS microtechnologies facilitate on-field measures of mechanical intensity, facilitating screening toward prevention and rehabilitation.Objective:To examine the efficacy of using GPS-mounted triaxial accelerometers to quantify accumulated body load and to investigate the effect of GPS-unit placement in relation to epidemiological observations.Design:Repeated measures, field-based.Setting:Regulation cricket pitch.Participants:10 male injury-free participants recruited from a cricket academy (18.1 ± 0.6 y).Intervention:Each participant was fitted with 2 GPS units placed at the cervicothoracic and lumbar spines to measure triaxial acceleration (100 Hz). Participants were instructed to deliver a 7-over spell of fast bowling, as dictated by governing-body guidelines.Main Outcome Measures:Triaxial total accumulated body and the relative uniaxial contributions were calculated for each over.Results:There was no significant main effect for overs bowled, in either total load or the triaxial contributions to total load. This finding suggests no cumulative fatigue effect across the 10-over spell. However, there was a significant main effect for GPS-unit location, with the lumbar unit exposed to significantly greater load than the cervicothoracic unit in each of the triaxial planes.Conclusions:There was no evidence to suggest that accumulated load significantly increased as a result of spell duration. In this respect the governing-body guidelines for this age group can be considered safe, or potentially even conservative. However, the observation of higher body load at the lumbar spine than at the cervicothoracic spine supports epidemiological observations of injury incidence. GPS microtechnologies might therefore be considered in screening and monitoring of players toward injury prevention and/or during rehabilitation.
Does RAID Improve Lifetime of SSD Arrays?
Authors: Moon Sangwhan , Reddy A. L. Narasimha 
Published: May 2016

Parity protection at the system level is typically employed to compose reliable storage systems. However, careful consideration is required when SSD-based systems employ parity protection. First, additional writes are required for parity updates. Second, parity consumes space on the device, which results in write amplification from less efficient garbage collection at higher space utilization.
This article analyzes the effectiveness of SSD-based RAID and discusses the potential benefits and drawbacks in terms of reliability. A Markov model is presented to estimate the lifetime of SSD-based RAID systems in different environments. In a small array, our results show that parity protection provides benefit only with considerably low space utilizations and low data access rates. However, in a large system, RAID improves data lifetime even when we take write amplification into account.
The BRCA1-Δ11q Alternative Splice Isoform Bypasses Germline Mutations and Promotes Therapeutic Resistance to PARP Inhibition and Cisplatin
Authors: Wang Yifan , Bernhardy Andrea J. , Cruz Cristina , Krais John J. , Nacson Joseph , Nicolas Emmanuelle , Peri Suraj , van der Gulden Hanneke , van der Heijden Ingrid , O'Brien Shane W. , Zhang Yong , Harrell Maribel I. , Johnson Shawn F. , Candido Dos Reis Francisco J. , Pharoah Paul D. P. , Karlan Beth , Gourley Charlie , Lambrechts Diether , Chenevix-Trench Georgia , Olsson Håkan , Benitez Javier J. , Greene Mark H. , Gore Martin , Nussbaum Robert , Sadetzki Siegal , Gayther Simon A. , Kjaer Susanne K. ,   kConFab Investigators, D'Andrea Alan D. , Shapiro Geoffrey I. , Wiest David L. , Connolly Denise C. , Daly Mary B. , Swisher Elizabeth M. , Bouwman Peter , Jonkers Jos , Balmaña Judith , Serra Violeta , Johnson Neil 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Breast and ovarian cancer patients harboring BRCA1/2 germline mutations have clinically benefitted from therapy with PARP inhibitor (PARPi) or platinum compounds, but acquired resistance limits clinical impact. In this study, we investigated the impact of mutations on BRCA1 isoform expression and therapeutic response. Cancer cell lines and tumors harboring mutations in exon 11 of BRCA1 express a BRCA1-Δ11q splice variant lacking the majority of exon 11. The introduction of frameshift mutations to exon 11 resulted in nonsense-mediated mRNA decay of full-length, but not the BRCA1-Δ11q isoform. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing as well as overexpression experiments revealed that the BRCA1-Δ11q protein was capable of promoting partial PARPi and cisplatin resistance relative to full-length BRCA1, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, spliceosome inhibitors reduced BRCA1-Δ11q levels and sensitized cells carrying exon 11 mutations to PARPi treatment. Taken together, our results provided evidence that cancer cells employ a strategy to remove deleterious germline BRCA1 mutations through alternative mRNA splicing, giving rise to isoforms that retain residual activity and contribute to therapeutic resistance. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2778–90. ©2016 AACR.
PDT: What's Past Is Prologue
Authors: Cengel Keith A. , Simone Charles B. , Glatstein Eli 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Despite descriptions of light-mediated therapy in ancient texts and the discovery of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the early 1900s, the landmark article in 1978 in Cancer Research by Dougherty and his colleagues at the Roswell Park Cancer Institute remains rightly viewed as the starting point for clinical PDT in modern medicine. As a large clinical series that explored many of the factors now viewed as critical determinates of PDT dose, efficacy, and toxicity, that study showed remarkable foresight, yet it also served to raise as many questions as it answered. Since its publication, PDT has been increasingly utilized in clinical practice for the treatment of both benign and malignant conditions, and many of their questions have yielded new technologies and areas of investigation, thus remaining highly relevant nearly 40 years after their initial asking. Moreover, continuing advances in our ability to measure physical properties such as absorbed light dose, photosensitizer concentration, tissue oxygen concentration, and singlet oxygen production in real-time may allow for adaptive modification of light delivery during PDT on a fine scale to optimize treatment response. Finally, combining molecularly targeted drugs and novel photosensitizers has the potential to improve further the therapeutic index and extend the spectrum of clinical PDT far beyond what was imagined when that sentinel manuscript was written. Cancer Res; 76(9); 2497–9. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Dougherty et al., Cancer Res 1978;38:2628–35.
Visit the Cancer Research 75th Anniversary timeline.
The Kappa Effect With Only Two Visual Markers
Authors: Kuroda Tsuyoshi , Grondin Simon , Miyazaki Makoto , Ogata Katsuya , Tobimatsu Shozo 
Published: May 2016

The kappa effect is a spatiotemporal illusion where duration is overestimated with the increase of space. This effect is typically demonstrated with three successive stimuli marking two neighboring empty time intervals, and the classical imputed velocity model, in principle, does not help to predict any spatial effects when only two stimuli, marking single intervals, are presented on each trial. We thus conducted three experiments, examining requirements for the occurrence of the kappa effect with only two visual stimuli. An interstimulus interval between the two stimuli was 217 (short) or 283 ms (long), and participants categorized the presented interval as ‘short’ or ‘long’. The key finding is that participants tended to respond ‘short’ more frequently than ‘long’ when both stimuli were delivered from the same location, whereas the relative frequency of ‘long’ responses was increased when the two stimuli were delivered from different locations in most directions (i.e., horizontally, vertically, diagonally; Experiment 1). This kappa effect clearly occurred when each stimulus was located 8° apart from the fovea in visual angle, but it was reduced when each stimulus was further deviated from the fovea, regardless of whether the two stimuli were presented in the vertical or the horizontal direction (Experiments 2 and 3). Moreover, increasing the spatial distance between the two stimuli from 15 to 30 cm magnified the effect only in a limited condition (Experiment 3). Implications of these results were discussed in terms of the Bayesian model predicting the effects of spatial acuity.
Analytical Solutions of the Supersaturation Equation for a Warm Cloud
Authors: Devenish B. J. , Furtado K. , Thomson D. J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Approximate solutions of the supersaturation equation are derived for a warm cloud. These solutions take account of the growth of the droplet radius but are only valid for small times. However, the validity of the solutions extends far enough to obtain reasonable estimates of the maximum supersaturation smax. It is shown that when the initial droplet radius and supersaturation are sufficiently small the scaling relation smax ∝ w3/4N−1/2 is obtained, where w is the vertical velocity and N is the droplet number density, in agreement with previous results. The range of validity of this result is discussed and other analytical expressions are derived when this result is not valid. It is shown that these analytical expressions generally agree well with numerical solutions.
Intraseasonal Cross-Shelf Variability of Hypoxia along the Newport, Oregon, Hydrographic Line
Authors: Adams Katherine A. , Barth John A. , Shearman R. Kipp 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObservations of hypoxia, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations < 1.4 ml L−1, off the central Oregon coast vary in duration and spatial extent throughout each upwelling season. Underwater glider measurements along the Newport hydrographic line (NH-Line) reveal cross-shelf DO gradients at a horizontal resolution nearly 30 times greater than previous ship-based station sampling. Two prevalent hypoxic locations are identified along the NH-Line, as is a midshelf region with less severe hypoxia north of Stonewall Bank. Intraseasonal cross-shelf variability is investigated with 10 sequential glider lines and a midshelf mooring time series during the 2011 upwelling season. The cross-sectional area of hypoxia observed in the glider lines ranges from 0 to 1.41 km2. The vertical extent of hypoxia in the water column agrees well with the bottom mixed layer height. Midshelf mooring water velocities show that cross-shelf advection cannot account for the increase in outer-shelf hypoxia observed in the glider sequence. This change is attributed to an along-shelf DO gradient of −0.72 ml L−1 over 2.58 km or 0.28 ml L−1 km−1. In early July of the 2011 upwelling season, near-bottom cross-shelf currents reverse direction as an onshore flow at 30-m depth is observed. This shoaling of the return flow depth throughout the season, as the equatorward coastal jet moves offshore, results in a more retentive near-bottom environment more vulnerable to hypoxia. Slope Burger numbers calculated across the season do not reconcile this return flow depth change, providing evidence that simplified two-dimensional upwelling model assumptions do not hold in this location.
The MRCPsych post-2015: preparing trainees and improving courses
Authors: Greening Jayne , Turner Erin , Rees Gareth , Winkle Caroline 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis article is aimed primarily at psychiatry trainees, MRCPsych course organisers, College tutors, educational supervisors and clinical supervisors. It describes recent changes to the MRCPsych curriculum and examinations and discusses the different approaches that educators can utilise to best help their trainees. We describe how the content of MRCPsych courses can help prepare trainees for both the written papers and the clinical assessment of skills and competencies (CASC). We discuss ways of incorporating patients and carers into course development, innovative approaches using technology to enhance learning, the role of workplace-based assessments and how international graduates may maximise their pass rate.
Being a College tutor for psychiatry trainees
Authors: Hosalli Prakash 
Published: May 2016

SummaryCollege tutors for psychiatry trainees are National Health Service (NHS) consultants who have responsibility for organisation and delivery of postgraduate education and learning opportunities for the core trainees in NHS trusts. College tutors are responsible for monitoring the progress of trainees through the core training schemes. Tutors have various roles and responsibilities in teaching and training. Being a tutor can be a rewarding experience and any consultant interested in postgraduate teaching should consider becoming one.
At-risk mental state for psychosis: identification and current treatment approaches
Authors: Thompson Andrew , Marwaha Steven , Broome Matthew R. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe concept of an ‘at-risk mental state’ for psychosis arose from previous work attempting to identify a putative psychosis prodrome. In this article we summarise the current criteria used to identify ‘at-risk’ individuals, such as the ultra-high-risk (UHR) criteria, and the further identification of important clinical risk factors or biomarkers to improve prediction of who might develop a psychotic disorder. We also discuss important ethical issues in classifying and treating at-risk individuals, current treatment trials in this area and what treatment current services can offer.
Polybia (Myrapetra) scutellaris (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) foraging on flies at carcasses of Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia: Muridae)
Authors: Herdina Anita , Bitencourt Gabriela , Di Mare Rocco , Barbosa Bruno Corrêa 
Published: May 2016

Social wasps stand out due to their role in the trophic balance of the ecosystems. These insects can get nutrients by preying on other insects, such as Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and the decomposing remains of vertebrates. Some species, such as Polybia scutellaris, can also use pollen and nectar stored in their nests to produce honey. Some studies lay emphasis on the prey captured by social wasps, showing that predation, in some conditions, is directed to Lepidoptera larvae, such as for Polybia occidentalis, Polybia paulista and Polybia ignobilis. Other species like P. scutellaris focus on flies of the Tabanidae, Syrphidae, Muscidae and Anthomyiidae families. There are few studies with social wasps that feed on animal carcasses; this way, our study aims to report the predation on individuals of the Sarcophagidae family, which use Rattus norvegicus carcasses as a food source, by the social wasp Polybia scutellari
INTIMAMENTE PUBLICITADOS: O DIREITO À PRIVACIDADE DAS CELEBRIDADES NA SOCIEDADE CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Cancellier de Olivo Luis Carlos , Cancelier de Olivo Mikhail Vieira 
Published: May 2016

<p class="Pa7">O art. 20 do Código Civil de 2002 prevê que, salvo se autorizadas, ou se necessárias à administração da justiça ou à manutenção da ordem pública, a divulgação de escritos, a transmissão da palavra ou a publicação, a exposição ou a utilização da imagem de uma pessoa poderão ser proibidas, a seu requerimento e sem prejuízo da indenização que couber, se lhe atingirem a honra, a boa fama ou a respeitabilidade, ou se se destinarem a fins comerciais. Tal necessidade de autorização prévia foi posta em cheque na ADI 4815, julgada em junho desde ano pelo STF. Este artigo busca trabalhar o exercício do direito à privacidade na atualidade e problematiza o tema por meio da discussão acerca da privacidade das pessoas famosas. Exemplo que popularizou a questão, o posicionamento do grupo Procure Saber sobre a necessidade de autorização prévia para a comercialização de biografias será aqui analisado, assim como o voto da Ministra Cármen Lúcia Antunes Rocha, Relatora da referida ADI. </p>