bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural Problems in Preadolescence: Does Nutritional Status Have a Role?
Authors: Khan Bushra , Hameed Waqas , Avan Bilal Iqbal 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionMalnutrition in children and adolescents is a global issue particularly in low‐ and middle‐income countries, while behavioural problems are becoming a growing public health concern in the area of child and adolescent mental health, with very few studies examining their association in preadolescence. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological relationship between malnutrition and behavioural problems in preadolescence.MethodsA school based, cross‐sectional survey was conducted in Karachi, Pakistan. Total 660, 11‐ to 12‐year‐old preadolescents were selected from a middle‐class, coeducational school chain. Sociodemographic questionnaires and an officially adapted version of Youth Self‐Report Form (YSR), which is the child and adolescent reported version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), were used to collect data, along with anthropometric assessments following the WHO protocol.ResultsThin and stunted preadolescents had significantly higher odds of internalizing problems (AOR = 2.05, p = 0.003 and AOR = 2.09, p = 0.039, respectively) than normal ones. Overnutrition was not associated with any behavioural issues. According to the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure, 40% of preadolescents had at least one type of malnutrition and among them about 3% had co‐occurring malnutrition (stunted and thin or overweight). They significantly had higher risk of being associated with the internalizing problems (AOR 2.92, p = 0.027). The effect was considerably higher than that associated with stunted or thin only, highlighting the cumulative impact of the co‐occurring malnutrition on the internalizing problems.ConclusionOur study concludes that overnutrition and undernutrition are prevalent in preadolescents, with significant association of undernutrition with internalizing problems. Moreover, our study is the first that reports that the co‐occurrence of malnutrition is significantly associated with increased risk of internalizing problems. This study highlights the importance of the link between physical and mental health and emphasizes the need for holistic interventions and programmes for addressing preadolescents' issues.
Perceptions of children's participation as patients in health interactions
Authors: Jones Kelli , Scholz Brett 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChildren who actively participate in their health interactions benefit from greater likelihood of better health outcomes, and development of competency, autonomy and decision‐making skills. However, children are often passive participants in their health care. This study aims to improve understandings of child patients', parents' and health professionals' perceptions of children's participation as patients in health interactions, through a theoretical framework of child‐centred care. An exploratory, qualitative design using a story completion method was used. Participants (28 children, 22 parents and 17 health professionals) constructed stories about a child patient's medical appointment. Data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Findings are discussed in relation to the themes of (1) children's willingness to participate, and (2) what doctors were perceived to be focussed on. Findings suggest that health professionals might require training to develop child‐specific communication skills. Health care organisations should consider implementation of child‐centred care principles in every aspect of services they provide.
Chest X‐Ray Comparison Between Drug‐Resistant and Drug‐Sensitive Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children
Authors: Zuhriyyah Saffanah Az , Nugraha Harry Galuh , Setiabudi Djatnika , Santoso Prayudi , Nataprawira Heda Melinda 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionChest X‐ray (CXR) remains one of the tools used in diagnosing tuberculosis (TB). However, few studies about such tools exist, specifically in children in Indonesia. We aim to investigate and compare the CXR findings of children with pulmonary drug‐resistant TB (DR‐TB) and drug‐sensitive TB (DS‐TB) that could help in the evaluation and management of TB cases in children.MethodsRetrospective analysis with cross‐sectional approach was conducted in children (<18 years old) diagnosed with pulmonary DR‐TB and DS‐TB from January 2018 to December 2021. Documented data were collected from the Paediatric Respirology Registry and Tuberculosis Information System at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Characteristics of children, CXR findings, and TB severity were assessed and compared using the chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests with significance levels set at p value <0.05.ResultsSixty‐nine children (DR‐TB 31 children vs. DS‐TB 38 children) were assessed. Of the 31 children with DR‐TB, 65% were classified as multidrug‐resistant TB (MDR‐TB), followed by rifampicin‐resistant TB (RR‐TB), pre‐extensively drug‐resistant TB (pre‐XDR‐TB), and extensively drug‐resistant TB (XDR‐TB). The most common CXR findings in DR‐TB are consolidation (68%), fibrosis (42%), and cavity (29%), whereas in DS‐TB, it is pleura effusion (37%). Severe TB accounts for 50% of DR‐TB (p = 0.008).ConclusionsConsolidation, fibrosis, cavities, and findings of severe TB are most common in DR‐TB. Pleural effusion is the most common in DS‐TB. These findings have the potential to be considered in further examination of children with pulmonary DR‐TB and DS‐TB; hence, more extensive studies are needed to confirm these results.
Adrenergic dysfunction in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and fibromyalgia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Hendrix Jolien , Fanning Lara , Wyns Arne , Ahmed Ishtiaq , Patil Madhura Shekhar , Richter Emma , Van Campenhout Jente , Ickmans Kelly , Mertens Rembert , Nijs Jo , Godderis Lode , Polli Andrea 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMyalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and fibromyalgia (FM) are comorbid disorders with overlapping symptoms. Research highlights autonomic dysfunction compared to healthy individuals, particularly involving the sympathetic branch. While past reviews focused on neurophysiological assessments, this systematic review summarises biological adrenergic markers, offering deeper insights into the observed sympathetic dysfunction in ME/CFS and FM aiming to identify targetable pathophysiological mechanisms.MethodsA systematic search was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Scopus. Studies investigating peripheral biological markers of adrenergic function in patients with ME/CFS or FM compared to healthy controls at baseline were included. Meta‐analyses were performed using R statistical software.ResultsThis meta‐analysis of 37 studies, encompassing 543 ME/CFS patients and 651 FM patients, compared with 747 and 447 healthy controls, respectively, revealed elevated adrenaline (SMD = .49 [.31–.67]; Z = 5.29, p < .01) and β1 adrenergic receptor expression (SMD = .79 [.06–1.52]; Z = 2.13; p = .03) in blood of ME/CFS patients at rest. Additionally, patients with ME/CFS had a greater increase in the expression of α2A adrenergic receptor (AR, SMD = .57 [.18–.97]; Z = 2.85, p < .01), β2 AR (SMD = .41 [.02–.81]; Z = 2.04; p = .04) and COMT (SMD = .42 [.03–.81]; Z = 2.11; p = .03) after exercise and an increased response of noradrenaline to an orthostatic test (SMD = .11 [−.47 to −.70]; Z = 2.10; p = .04), both found in blood. FM patients showed no significant differences at baseline but exhibited a diminished adrenaline response to exercise (SMD = −.79 [−1.27 to −.30]; Z = −3.14; p < .01).ConclusionThis systematic review and meta‐analysis revealed adrenergic dysfunction mainly in patients with ME/CFS. Higher baseline adrenaline levels and atypical responses to exercise in ME/CFS indicate that sympathetic dysfunction, underscored by adrenergic abnormalities, is more involved in the pathophysiology of ME/CFS rather than FM.
Dual roles of terrestrial isopods in seed predation and seed dispersal in Phacellanthus tubiflorus (Orobancheaceae)
Authors: Suetsugu Kenji , Nakanishi Osamu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTerrestrial isopods are known to play significant roles in litter decomposition and seed predation. The present study examines the function of terrestrial isopods, particularly Armadillidium vulgare and Armadillidium nasatum, in the seed dispersal of a nonphotosynthetic plant, Phacellanthus tubiflorus. These isopods were observed ingesting seeds in the natural habitat of P. tubiflorus in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan. Contrary to the prevailing belief that invertebrates do not serve as effective internal seed dispersers, our analysis demonstrated that some seeds ingested by A. vulgare and A. nasatum were excreted whole, with viability rates comparable to those of seeds directly sourced from fruits. This indicates that these isopods could act not only as seed predators but also as seed dispersers. The research highlights the importance of further exploration into the ecological contributions of isopods and other invertebrates as seed dispersers.
Influence of polypropylene fiber on the explosion resistance and fracture behavior of alumina–spinel castables
Authors: Wang Zhiqi , Li Yangzhe , Liu Wenjing , Liao Ning , Li Yawei , Nath Mithun , Yan Wen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite the successful preparation of high‐performance calcium aluminate cement‐bonded castables, occasional explosions have been reported. The occurrence of castable explosions is commonly attributed to water vapor overflow retarding and vapor pressure generated by rapid temperature rise. To enhance the explosion resistance of castables, methods such as incorporating various fibers (e.g., polypropylene [PP], polyethylene [ED], aramidic [Par], and steel fibers) have been proposed. However, limited studies have investigated the impact of fiber content on pore structure and fracture behavior of castables. This study aims to assess the influence of different PP fiber contents on comprehensive properties of castables. The explosion resistance was evaluated in conjunction with air permeability and pore structures, and fracture behavior was tested through wedge splitting tests at both room temperature and elevated temperatures. Results indicated that the addition of PP fibers significantly improves air permeability thus enhancing anti‐explosive capabilities. Simultaneously, the combustion of fibers resulted in the formation of residual pores, which contributed to an enhanced resistance against stress‐induced damage.
Toward green container liner shipping: joint optimization of heterogeneous fleet deployment, speed optimization, and fuel bunkering
Authors: Zhao Yuzhe , Peng Zhongxiu , Zhou Jingmiao , Notteboom Theo , Ma Yiji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractContainer liner shipping companies, under the international shipping carbon reduction indicators proposed by the International Maritime Organization, must transform two key aspects: technology and operations. This paper defines a green liner shipping problem (GLSP) that integrates the deployment of a heterogeneous fleet, speed determination, and fuel bunkering. The objective is to achieve low‐carbon operations in liner shipping, taking into consideration the diversification of power systems, the use of alternative fuels in ships, and the continuous improvement of alternative fuel bunkering systems. For this purpose, we present a bi‐objective mixed integer nonlinear programming model and develop two methodologies: an epsilon‐constraint approach and a heuristic‐based multi‐objective genetic algorithm. We validate the effectiveness of our model and methods through a case study involving container ships of various sizes deployed on intra‐Asian short sea routes by SITC International Holdings Co., Ltd. The experimental results highlight the crucial role of dual‐fuel (DF) ships in the pursuit of low‐carbon strategies by liner companies, with liquefied natural gas and ammonia DF ships being the most widely used. Additionally, fuel cell (FC) ships, particularly those powered by ammonia and hydrogen, demonstrate significant carbon reduction potential. Furthermore, ships with larger container capacities have a greater cost advantage. For the GLSP, speed determination is an auxiliary decision, and the lowest speed is not necessarily the optimal choice. Decision‐makers must carefully balance competing economic and carbon emission reduction objectives, as deploying more alternative fuel ships may increase fuel bunkering and fuel consumption, resulting in a higher total operating cost.
Effects of glucokinase haploinsufficiency on the pancreatic β‐cell mass and function of long‐term high‐fat, high‐sucrose diet‐fed mice
Authors: Shigesawa Ikumi , Nakamura Akinobu , Yamauchi Yuki , Kawata Shinichiro , Miyazaki Asuka , Nomoto Hiroshi , Kameda Hiraku , Terauchi Yasuo , Atsumi Tatsuya 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionWe previously showed that glucokinase haploinsufficiency improves the glucose tolerance of db/db mice by preserving pancreatic β‐cell mass and function. In the present study, we aimed to determine the effects of glucokinase haploinsufficiency on the β‐cell mass and function of long‐term high‐fat, high‐sucrose (HFHS) diet‐fed mice.Materials and MethodsFour‐week‐old male glucokinase haploinsufficient (Gck+/−) mice and 4‐week‐old male wild‐type (Gck+/+) mice (controls) were each divided into two groups: an HFHS diet‐fed group and a normal chow‐fed group, and the four groups were followed until 16, 40 or 60 weeks‐of‐age. Their glucose tolerance, glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion and β‐cell mass were evaluated. In addition, islets were isolated from 40‐week‐old mice, and the expression of key genes was compared.ResultsGck+/−HFHS mice had smaller compensatory increases in β‐cell mass and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion than Gck+/+HFHS mice, and their glucose tolerance deteriorated from 16 to 40 weeks‐of‐age. However, their β‐cell mass and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion did not decrease between 40 and 60 weeks‐of‐age, but rather, tended to increase, and there was no progressive deterioration in glucose tolerance. The expression of Aldh1a3 in pancreatic islets, which is high in several models of diabetes and is associated with an impairment in β‐cell function, was high in Gck+/+HFHS mice, but not in Gck+/−HFHS mice.ConclusionsGlucokinase haploinsufficiency prevents the progressive deterioration of pancreatic β‐cell mass/function and glucose tolerance in long‐term HFHS diet‐fed mice.
Deployment of professional expertise during a period of disruption: A phenomenological study of rehabilitation clinicians
Authors: Rochette Annie , Vermeulen Perrine , Dyer Joseph Omer , Hallé Marie‐Christine , Gingras Marjorie , Mingant Anne , Parisien Manon , Thomas Aliki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRationalePractice context is known to influence the deployment of competencies. The COVID‐19 pandemic created a major disruption in many practice contexts. The objective was to understand the lived experience of rehabilitation clinicians during a major disruption of their practice context, namely, the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsWe used a longitudinal phenomenological design. Eligible clinicians were occupational therapists (OT), physical therapists (PT), physiotherapy technologists (Phys T.), speech‐language pathologists (S‐LP) and audiologists (AUD), working in the same rehabilitation workplace for at least 2 years before March 2020 (the pandemic). Clinicians who were reassigned to roles outside the field of rehabilitation were excluded. We conducted individual online interviews using a guide developed by the team with expertise and knowledge of the phenomenon. An interpretative phenomenological analysis was carried out. Results were discussed until the research team reached a consensus.ResultsA total of 32 clinicians participated in the study (12 OT, 5 PT, 5 Phys T., 7 S‐LP, 3 AUD), working with a variety of clienteles and work settings, for an average of 11.7 ± 7.6 years in the same practice setting. A wide range of emotions (e.g. anger, sadness, guilt, fear, pride) reflected clinicians' experience during disruption. Professional expertise was perceived as being enhanced by disruption as clinicians stepped out of their comfort zone; this encouraged reflective practice and a recognition of the need to be more explicit about their decision‐making process. Collaboration with colleagues was perceived as key for effective coping and deployment of adaptative expertise.ConclusionsA disruption in the practice context may have positive effects on professional expertise through the mobilization of reflective practice.
Variance of deviation from optimal leverage
Authors: Caglayan Mustafa O. , Duarte Diogo , Lu Xiaomeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe show that deviations from the firm's target leverage are priced in the cross‐section of stock returns and that the relation between these quantities is nonlinear. The concave nonlinear relation between deviation from the target leverage and next‐period return is strong during economic expansions and vanishes during recessions. Our portfolio analysis provides support for the concave relation between deviation from the target leverage and next‐period returns as well. We develop a factor named variance of deviation from optimal leverage (VDOL) and show that it is an important risk factor that has been omitted in the literature.
Comparative analysis of three jaw motion tracking systems: A study on precision and trueness
Authors: Zhao Wei , Feng Yue , Cao Rongkai , Sun Jiyu , Zhang Jiayao , Zhao Xinhuan , Liu Weicai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the precision and trueness of three jaw motion tracking systems, the KaVo ARCUSdigma system, SDiMatriX system, and Modjaw system, in recording mandibular movements based on optical and ultrasonic principles.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐five healthy subjects were selected for the present study to measure protrosive movement and left and right lateral movements using the three jaw motion tracking systems. Each subject's mandibular movement was recorded twice with a 1‐week interval. Five parameters—sagittal condylar inclination (SCI) angle, incisal guide angle, Bennett angle, lateral condylar inclination angle, and Fischer's angle—were acquired for further analysis. The precision of the jaw motion tracking systems was evaluated by comparing the results of two measurements of the same parameter. Simultaneously, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was utilized during the initial data acquisition and was aligned with intercuspal position (ICP) and edge‐to‐edge occlusion intraoral scan data. Bone landmarks were used to calculate bilateral SCI as a reference for comparison with the SCI values from each jaw motion tracking system. An independent‐sample t‐test was conducted to compare parameter differences, with statistical significance set at a p‐value below 0.05.ResultsThere were no significant differences among the three jaw motion tracking systems regarding the corrected values of SCI, incisal guide angle, Bennett angle, lateral condylar inclination angle, and Fischer's angle during the 1‐week interval (p > 0.05). The values of bilateral SCI obtained by CBCT were 48.57 ± 6.74 (L) and 48.35 ± 5.28 (R), respectively. No significant differences were found between the reference SCI and those parameters measured by the KaVo ARCUSdigma system and the Modjaw system (p > 0.05), while the results obtained from the SDiMatriX system indicated a significant difference compared to the reference SCI (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThe three jaw motion tracking systems exhibited favorable results in terms of precision. Regarding trueness, both the KaVo ARCUSdigma system and the Modjaw system demonstrated a satisfactory levels suitable for applications in digital prosthodontics within clinical settings. However, further refinement is needed to enhance the trueness of the SDiMatriX system.
Do all individuals benefit equally from non‐surgical periodontal therapy? Secondary analyses of systematic review data
Authors: Raittio Eero , Leite Fabio R. M. , Machado Vanessa , Botelho João , Nascimento Gustavo G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to assess the variability and treatment effect heterogeneity in response to non‐surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).MethodsData from randomized controlled trials included in two recent systematic reviews on the effect of NSPT on mean clinical attachment loss (CAL), mean probing pocket depth (PPD), percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (%BOP), PPD ≤3 mm (%PD ≤3 mm), and C‐reactive protein levels (CRP) at 3–12‐month follow‐up among adults with systemic diseases or conditions were used. In these trials, the control arms received no treatment, hygiene advice, or supragingival scaling. The Bayesian meta‐regression models were utilized to assess the variability ratios between NSPT and control groups.ResultsData from 36 trials on mean PPD, 32 trials on mean CAL, eight trials on %PD ≤3 mm, 31 trials on %BOP and 19 trials on CRP were used. Variability in mean CAL and CRP was approximately 10% higher in the NSPT arms than in the control arms, hinting that there may be room for treatment effect heterogeneity. Instead, variability in mean PPD, %BOP, and %PD ≤3 mm was lower in the NSPT arms than in the control arms.ConclusionPotential treatment effect heterogeneity in response to NSPT was observed for CRP and mean CAL. However, substantial measurement error in CAL and natural variation in CRP may contribute to these findings. Conversely, treatment effect heterogeneity appears less pronounced for mean PPD, %BOP, and %PD ≤3 mm, potentially due to greater treatment effects in patients with more severe periodontitis and reduced measurement error in these parameters.
Growth Rate in Cultured Crustose Coralline Algae of the Genus Phymatolithon and Sporolithon From Taiwan
Authors: Lai Chiao‐Feng , Nazir Aafaq , Liu Tzu‐Yen , Tseng Yung‐Che , Iizuka Yoshiyuki , Shiao Jen‐Chieh 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCoastal algal reef ecosystems, which are formed by the skeletal carbonate of crustose coralline algae (CCA), provide vital habitats for a diverse range of marine organisms and serve as valuable archives of long‐term environmental data. Despite the importance of these reef ecosystems, there is currently a lack of available information regarding the accretion rates of CCA in subtropical intertidal zones in the Taoyuan algal reef. We measured the vertical accretion and horizontal growth of CCA cultured in two aquaculture tanks over a 9‐month period. The vertical accretion and horizontal growth rate of CCA was approximately 0.29–0.43 and 5.5 μm·day−1 (the extrapolated annual value is equivalent to 0.11–0.16 and 2.0 mm·year−1, respectively). Newly colonized CCA had faster horizontal growth of approximately 110 μm·day−1 (equivalent to 40.2 mm·year−1). These results highlight the slow and gradual process of algal reef ecosystem formation in the subtropical intertidal zones. The CCA had a faster lateral growth rate as seen in the newly settled CCA. These findings contribute to our understanding of the overall growth dynamics of CCA.