bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Piezoelectric materials used in piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting
Authors: Gao Ao , Han Meijie , Li Binbin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In order to maximize the acquisition of vibration energy of a large mechanical shell, the piezoelectric oscillation energy collector model of a twin cantilever beam was built in COMSOL Multiphysics software by finite element analysis based on the piezoelectric effect. The influence of piezoelectric material, substrate material, and size of piezoelectric material in the output features of piezoelectric energy collector is studied. The research shows that the PZT-5 A output features the best maximum output voltage and power up to 5.2 V and 1.1 mW in the 60-80 Hz range with the highest power density. Based on the selection of PZT-5A using brass as the substrate, the output characteristics of the best maximum output power increased by 5% to 1.16 mW. Based on the selection of PZT-5A as the piezoelectric material and brass as the substrate material, the length, width, and height of PZT-5A were simulated. Finally, the length, width, and height of PZT-5A were determined to be (21×6×0.06) mm3. In this case, the maximum output voltage and power were 5.93 V and 1.31 mW, respectively, which increased by 14% and 19% compared with the initial structure model.
Smart meter fault classification method based on generated distribution optimization under imbalanced dataset
Authors: Qin Yu , Li Baofeng , Li Qiangwei , Meng Zhihang , Xu Yuelou , Zhou Qi , Gao Xin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Accurate prediction of smart meter faults is of great significance to ensuring reliable operation of power distribution systems. At present, most methods only alleviate the decision boundary shift problem in fault prediction from the perspective of sample number balance and do not fully consider the sample distribution in the overlapping area after balancing. This paper proposes a smart meter fault classification method based on generated sample distribution optimization, which transforms the sample rebalancing problem into a generated sample distribution optimization problem. These methods establish a multi-objective optimization model for distributing newly generated samples. During the optimization process, an adaptive differential mutation strategy is used to increase the diversity of generated samples. Data complexity is introduced to improve the crowding degree in the original NSGA-II, and the sample set with lower data complexity is retained to avoid generating samples that increase overlap. Experimental results on 12 KEEL and UCI imbalance classification public datasets and smart meter actual fault datasets show that the proposed algorithm has significant advantages in handling smart meter fault classification problems compared with eight typical methods.
Research on the optimal scheduling strategy of electric vehicle charging and switching station based on an artificial bee colony algorithm
Authors: Li Dexin , Wang Jiarui , Meng Xiangdong , Chang Xuefei , Yi Rongqing , Yang Liu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The improvement of electric vehicle supporting facilities is conducive to the further development of new energy vehicles, thus promoting the consumption of new energy and the low-carbon and green development of the national economy. This paper aims to solve the problem of optimal scheduling of charging and switching of new energy vehicles, reduce the waste of resources and insufficient power supply to residents due to the irrational layout of charging and switching stations, construct a multi-objective optimal scheduling model of switching stations based on the demand prediction model, and use the artificial bee colony algorithm to find the optimal solution. Finally, we verify the practicability of the algorithm through the example and put forward that the ABC scheduling strategy has superiority.
Power and voltage stability analysis of electric vehicle distribution network considering virtual power plants
Authors: Cao Boyuan , Wang Shuang , Du Yang , Yang Zhongguang , Guo Lingyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are receiving increasing attention because of the development of renewable energy. Operators are promoting the use of EVs as virtual power plants (VPP) to improve the reliability of existing power grids. However, the integration of EVs will have a significant impact on the stability of the distribution network. In view of this, a dispatching cost model for EVs is proposed based on active power and reactive power, which is aggregated into a comprehensive cost model for VPP. In addition, corresponding hierarchical control strategies and dispatching optimization models for VPP are proposed to minimize the total generation cost of generators and VPP in the distribution network based on a robust optimization approach. The simulation tests the proposed hierarchical control strategy and dispatching optimization model on an IEEE9 node system as a test distribution network. The results show that the EV cluster as a VPP effectively reduces the output of other generators and the loss of active power for the whole distribution network, improving the power and voltage stability of distribution network nodes.
Electromagnetic interference feature analysis of electronic current transformer
Authors: Huang Zhiming , He Yumin , Mao Junyi , Zhuo Ran , Jia Lei , Guo Jinning , Wang Yu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Electronic transformers had excellent dynamic and frequency response properties, and played an important role in the intelligent construction of power systems. Since they worked in a serious electromagnetic environment, electromagnetic interference could result in many failures of the electronic current transformer. A new true-type platform was developed to test electromagnetic interference features, which included the busing, voltage detector, electronic voltage transformer, earthing switch, disconnecting switch, electronic current-voltage transformer, and voltage divider. Voltage and current data were measured and applied to assess the electromagnetic interference by adjusting the distance between the collector and gas-insulated switchgear at the first and secondary sides. The method integrated time domain and frequency domain was proposed to perform feature analysis. The results showed that the feature parameters on the first side were not significantly affected by distance, while the secondary side had certain interference, especially on the peak-to-peak value, maximum value, minimum value and other feature parameters. Through this experimental test and feature analysis, it built a good basis for future design and optimization.
Hydrodynamic lubrication analysis of curved conductive liquid conducting film at rail-armature interface
Authors: Lu Xiaoquan , Liu Shaowei , Du Xiangyu , Zheng Tianyou 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the process of electromagnetic orbit launching armature, the high temperature and voltage generated by millisecond level pulsed high current cause the lower melting point armature to undergo ablation, resulting in a conductive liquefaction layer. As a typical combination of Coulter and Hartmann flows in fluid mechanics, it is affected by viscous and electromagnetic forces, and the mechanism is complex. Moreover, due to the non-uniformity of ablation, the shape of the liquefaction layer is relatively fuzzy. This article uses common curve types, namely upper and lower opening parabolas and linear slopes, to derive the fluid Reynolds equation of the conductive liquefaction layer. Combined with the analytical equation of the lubrication assumption of the liquefaction layer, a curved conductive liquefaction layer model is established. This article obtains the pressure, velocity and other characteristics of the liquefaction layer, compares and analyzes the hydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of conductive liquefaction layers of different shapes during electromagnetic emission, and finally verifies the liquefaction layer model from the perspective of heat transfer equations to further calibrate the accuracy of the model. The conclusion indicates that the liquefaction layer with an upward opening parabola is more in line with the physical laws, phenomena, and characteristics of electromagnetic orbit launch devices during the ablation process.
Numerical simulation-based study of the effect of air intake mode on heat pipes
Authors: Zhao Wenjie , Deng Jiajia , Xue Dawen , Wu Shuo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The gas-phase flow characteristics of heat pipes are important for the structural design and safety analysis of heat pipe reactors. To investigate the elements affecting the simulation of the gas phase of the heat pipe, two types of air inlets are considered for the heat pipe: end inlet and side inlet. With fixed parameters and selected literature, we compare two types of air intake, end intake, and side intake, on heat pipe gas phase simulation results. The results show that the simulation results of the side inlet scheme relative to the end inlet scheme in the simulation scheme are closer to the document results, and the results of the study can be used for a deeper understanding of the working mechanism of the heat pipe and the optimization of the design, which can provide theoretical references for the design of a more efficient heat pipe system.
Symmetries of Liouvillians of squeeze-driven parametric oscillators
Authors: Iachello Francesco , V Coane Colin , Venkatraman Jayameenakshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the symmetries of the Liouville superoperator of one dimensional parametric oscillators, especially the so-called squeeze-driven Kerr oscillator, and discover a remarkable quasi-spin symmetry su(2) at integer values of the ratio

η
=
ω

/

K

of the detuning parameter ω to the Kerr coefficient K, which reflects the symmetry previously found for the Hamiltonian operator. We find that the Liouvillian of an su(2) representation

|
j
,

m

j

⟩

has a characteristic double-ellipsoidal structure, and calculate the relaxation time T

X
for this structure. We then study the phase transitions of the Liouvillian which occur as a function of the parameters

ξ
=

ε

2

/

K

and

η
=
ω

/

K

. Finally, we study the temperature dependence of the spectrum of eigenvalues of the Liouvillian. Our findings may have applications in the generation and stabilization of states of interest in quantum computing.
Topological equatorial waves and violation (or not) of the Bulk edge correspondence
Authors: Bal Guillaume , Yu Jiming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Atmospheric and oceanic mass transport near the equator display a well-studied asymmetry characterized by two modes moving eastward. This asymmetric edge transport is characteristic of interfaces separating two-dimensional topological insulators. The northern and southern hemispheres are insulating because of the presence of a Coriolis force parameter that vanishes only in the vicinity of the equator. A central tenet of topological insulators, the bulk edge correspondence, relates the quantized edge asymmetry to bulk properties of the insulating phases, which makes it independent of the Coriolis force profile near the equator. We show that for a natural differential Hamiltonian model of the atmospheric and oceanic transport, the bulk-edge correspondence does not always apply. In fact, an arbitrary quantized asymmetry can be obtained for specific, discontinuous, such profiles. The results are based on a careful analysis of the spectral flow of the branches of absolutely continuous spectrum of a shallow-water Hamiltonian. Numerical simulations validate our theoretical findings.
Repeated measurements and random scattering in quantum walks
Authors: Ziegler K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the effect of random scattering in quantum walks on a finite graph and compare it with the effect of repeated measurements. To this end, a constructive approach is employed by introducing a localized and a delocalized basis for the underlying Hilbert space. This enables us to design Hamiltonians whose eigenvectors are either localized or delocalized. By presenting some specific examples we demonstrate that the localization of eigenvectors restricts the transition probabilities on the graph and leads to a removal of energy states from the quantum walk in the monitored evolution. We conclude that repeated measurements as well as random scattering provide efficient tools for controlling quantum walks.
Response Surface Methodological Approach for the Adsorptive Removal of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol on Sodium Hydroxide-Treated Powdered Activated Carbon
Authors: Ramos Ryan Kyle M. , Mendoza Joseph Albert M. , Lin Tsair-Fuh , Chiu Yi-Ting , Pacquiao Melvin R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Geosmin (GSM) and 2-Methylisoborneol (MIB) are organic contaminants that imparts an objectionable taste and odor in drinking water. This study attempts to enhance the adsorptive removal of these compounds using sodium hydroxide (NaOH)-treated powdered activated carbon (PAC). The modified adsorbent was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, which revealed that the basic treatment reduces the aromaticity of the PAC, particularly for the PAC treated with 2 M of NaOH. The effects of initial GSM and MIB concentration (100-300 ng/L), adsorbent dosage (5-15 mg/L), and NaOH concentration (0-2 M) on the percent removal of GSM and MIB were also examined by response surface methodology. The adsorption of both compounds is more sensitive to the initial adsorbate concentration and the adsorbent dosage. The NaOH treatment resulted in the increased adsorptive removal of both GSM and MIB, although to a lesser extent than the two adsorption parameters. The optimum values of PAC dosage, initial adsorbate concentration, and NaOH concentration are 12.925 mg/L, 101.197 ng/L, and 1.961 M for GSM and 13.933 mg/L, 110.000 ng/L, and 1.700 M for MIB. The performance of the adsorptive models was validated by coefficient of determination and analysis of variance, which suggests the statistical significance of the model and good fit between the predicted and observed variables.
Deep Eutectic Solvents as A Sustainable Solution in Gas Separation: A Mini Review
Authors: Elhamarnah Y , Qiblawey H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the face of escalating environmental concerns, particularly related to greenhouse gas emissions, this study delves into the potential of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) as a sustainable alternative in gas separation technologies. Focusing on the significant emissions of CO2, SO2, and H2S from industrial processes, this work reviews the application of DESs for their capture and separation. The investigation on the physical properties of DESs, such as solubility, which is crucial for their efficacy as sorbents. This review includes a comprehensive analysis of various DES formulations, exploring their roles in CO2 absorption, SO2 removal, and the separation of other gases like H2S. Additionally, the study reveals that DESs, characterized by their biodegradability and environmental sustainability, offer promising performance in gas separation, aligning with the principles of green chemistry. This work underscores the importance of DESs as novel sorbents for gas purification and sets a foundation for future research aimed at enhancing their application on a broader industrial scale.
Torrefaction performance of Macadamia husk under a flue gas atmosphere for solid biofuel applications
Authors: Manatura Kanit , Klinkesorn Supaporn , Jaojaruek Kitipong , Khaothong Kunthakorn , Prakotmak Preeda 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Torrefaction of Macadamia husk (MAH) under a proposed exhaust gas atmosphere (O2 of 5%, CO2 of 15%, and balance N2 v/v) was conducted. It was performed in a batch torrefactor at temperature of 200, 250, and 300 °C and duration of 30 min. Influence of torrefaction temperature on the physicochemical properties, energy yield (EY), and energy mass co-benefit index (EMCI) was investigated. It was found that conventional torrefaction had a higher mass and energy yield than flue gas torrefaction. The flue gas remarkably enriches the calorific value of MAH due to the larger fixed carbon and lower volatile matter. The torrefied husks have contact angles between 118 and 133°, which are larger than 90°, representing hydrophobic fuel. The optimal flue gas torrefaction was suggested to operate at 200 °C and 30 min to reach the highest EMCI. Utilization of flue gas in torrefaction can be a choice to use waste heat energy efficiently and reduce the cost of air separation.
On the colloidal and filtration properties of a polymer-amended waste K+-rich bentonite for use as a low-density solid additive in water-based drilling fluids
Authors: Ramsis Youstina , Papaloizou Loizos , Sarris Ernestos , Vattis Demetris 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Bentonite is a known material for its water-soluble nature and ability to develop exceptional colloidal properties when in aqueous environments and is Na+-rich. Some bentonites are not capable of achieving the desired colloidal properties due to either low smectite content and/or low or negligible Na+ ions content. An example of such bentonite is like the one used for this research work, which is waste K+-rich bentonite. Even though it previously was thermally Na2CO3-activated to upgrade its properties aiming to create colloids, it demanded further viscosity enhancement additives to achieve the required rheological and filtration control satisfying API standards when added in a complete water-based drilling fluid (WBF). We propose anionic polymerization to enhance the performance of the thermally activated waste K+-rich bentonite, at various concentrations. The basic objective is to investigate the polymer with the strongest amendment effect on the K+-rich bentonite by evaluating the rheological and filtration properties by means of Couette viscometry and LPLT tests respectively. Results collected were used to construct mathematical correlations suggesting that anionic polymers can be considered a very effective and efficient solution to reach the desired colloidal properties in WBF. The proposed solution, even with minor quantities, proves to be effective for waste K+-rich bentonite making the material suitable for WBF by creating composite structures that effectively reduce fluid losses and achieve the required viscosity control in WBF. Finally, the exploitation of this material aligns with the circular economy principles contributing to environmental sustainability development.
OPA tomography of non-Gaussian states of light
Authors: Rácz Éva , Ruppert László , Filip Radim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Current advances in nonlinear optics have made it possible to perform a homodyne-like tomography of an unknown state without highly efficient detectors or a strong local oscillator. Thereby, a new experimental direction has been opened into multimode and large-bandwidth quantum optics. An optical parametric amplifier (OPA) allows us to reconstruct the quadrature distribution of an unknown state directly from the measured intensity distribution with high precision. We propose adding a controllable displacement to the standard scheme, thus, obtaining a method applicable even to asymmetric and non-Gaussian states while significantly increasing estimation accuracy and lowering the OPA amplification requirement. To demonstrate the power of our method, we accurately detect the sub-Planck phase-space structure by obtaining distillable squeezing from the OPA estimates of various non-Gaussian states. With the improvements, OPA tomography became a generally applicable loss-tolerant and efficient alternative to homodyne detection.
Valuing community awareness and willingness to pay for marine environment management: empirical analysis in coastal central region of Vietnam
Authors: Mai Ngo Thanh , Truong Dinh Duc , Huan Le Huy , Hong Thuan Le Thi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Vietnam is a country with strengths in marine resources and economy. The coast provides habitats and livelihoods for millions of households but is in decline due to economic activity and climate change. This study’s purpose is to evaluate the awareness of people in the central coastal provinces of Vietnam about marine environmental values and their willingness to pay for the management and improvement of marine environmental quality. The study applied a binary random assessment model and surveyed 980 households in 4 coastal provinces to evaluate community payments. The results show that people have good awareness of tangible environmental values, associated with life and livelihood. They also highly agree with protecting marine environmental values and emphasize passing these values on to future generations. Community payment for sea environment management was estimated at 420 thousand/household/year in parametric model and 398 VND thousand/household/year in non-parametric model. Bid level, income and education are main factors affecting people’s ability to pay. The study also proposes implications for marine environmental management including strengthening community awareness and capacity, establishing financial mechanisms for community-led conservation at the local level, and integrating education marine environmental values for high school students to aim for sustainability in community awareness and behavior.
Borderlines in Private Law: An Introduction
Authors: Sales Lord 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses borderlines within private law. It explains that the notion of borderlines is intimately connected with the idea of taxonomy in law. Taxonomy matters for various reasons, including the fact that it is an axiom of justice that like cases should be treated alike. Moreover, borders in private law invite deeper insights into what a border might look like and what functions one can serve. The chapter looks into a form of categorisation which unites rights and remedies in a coherent regime, serving the same objectives. It considers how principle provides structure, coherence, and determinate guidance to assist in deciding new cases, and how judges need help to orient themselves in unfamiliar territory.
Tort | Equity
Authors: McBride Nicholas J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter tackles the dividing line between tort and equity. The difference between the two areas of law draws on the distinction between primary and secondary obligations, where a secondary obligation arises out of the breach of a primary obligation, and also the difference between rights in respect of people’s natural capacities and rights against right-holders. The implications of equity crossing into the territory of tort include equitable compensation for breach of trust and public authority liability for omissions at common law. The chapter then provides a prediction as to the make-up of private law libraries in the future.
Unjust Enrichment’s Borderlines
Authors: Foxton Justice 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the borderlines around the law of unjust enrichment. It explains that unjust enrichment is still a newly emergent, and unstable, legal state, which took many hundred years to gain conceptual independence from the more well-established categories of contract, tort, and equity. Moreover, English law is no stranger to cases which seek to protect the position of victims of dishonesty against third parties who might otherwise look to the fruits of that fraud to which they have been subjected to meet their claims. The chapter considers the interplay of what is known as correlativity and unjust enrichment.