bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent Technology Advances for Effective OIl Spill Response
Authors: Coolbaugh T. S. , Chopra A. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objectives/Scope
There is a public perception that little has changed with respect to the tools used to clean up an oil spill. Additionally, the media have suggested that there is a lack of research effort to improve upon techniques that are generalized as static and archaic and the question has been raised wondering why industry does not invest in new and better approaches to removing oil from the environment following a spill. In reality, there have been a number of advances in all of the oil spill response tools and the proposed presentation and paper will examine several of the demonstrated approaches as well as looking forward to more developmental techniques that could significantly improve the ability to find and treat the thickest part of a slick.

Methods, Procedures, Process
Aside from not having a spill in the first place, the next most favorable outcome would be to physically collect and remove spilled oil from the environment. While most spills occur as a single release and are usually relatively small, there are challenges associated with this, especially in the case of larger releases far from shore and during inclement weather. With this in mind, it is important to consider all response tools that may be brought to bear in the case of a spill. The purpose of the proposed paper is to consider recent advances in oil spill technology and document recent work.

Results, Observations, Conclusions
Mechanical Containment and Recovery: Enhancements have been implemented recently, e.g., higher efficiency skimmers, booms that function in faster currents, systems that allow for more efficient boom deployment in open water and in rivers, and temporary portable underflow dams for inland responses.
In Situ Burning: New containment systems have been developed and the effective operational use of ISB has been demonstrated.
Dispersants: The ability to use dispersants at depth provides an opportunity to respond to a spill as close to the source as possible, allowing for the use of less product than might be needed for a surface slick. Surveillance, Monitoring and Targeting the Areas of Thickest Oil: A key aspect an effective response is the ability to identify the location of the thickest part of a slick, since it is often the case that the majority of the slick volume resides in a relatively small part of the area. By identifying the areas of thicker oil, it is possible to deploy response tools to those areas specifically in order to significantly increase their encounter rate.
Novel/Additive Information: Each of the items within the oil spill response tool box will be discussed with the goal of improving awareness of the efforts of the oil spill response community to continuously improve response capabilities.
A Novel Approach to Cultural Resource Management, Historical Artifacts and Reciprocal Mitigation
Authors: Febbo E. , Wooley C. , Rogers J. , Reuther J. , Reep B. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Through a novel approach for cultural resource management, more than 3,000 artifacts collected 100 years ago near a North Slope village are back in Alaska as a result of a collaborative effort among the local community, archaeological researchers, the University of Alaska Museum of the North, and industry. Rather than assess indirect project effects on widely dispersed sites around a remote project area, a multi-year program addressed local community concerns in a reciprocal approach. This reciprocal mitigation can act as a model to be considered for similar cultural management strategies.
Following regular and consistent communication with community leaders and residents, we learned about a long-standing desire to reconnect with a collection of artifacts that were excavated from the area in 1914 by the pioneering Canadian archaeologist Diamond Jenness and curated at the Canadian Museum of History. The collection includes antler arrowheads, ivory harpoon heads, traditional copper and slate knives and other remarkably preserved artifacts that represent a way of life extending back 1,000 years.
The project's multi-year cultural resources management program culminated in the return of this collection to Alaska for the first time in over 100 years. As part of a museum-to-museum loan, the iconic collection was sent to the University of Alaska Museum of the North in Fairbanks, where local community cultural experts were invited to visit and assist researchers in the documentation and analysis process. The program evolved into a cultural exchange where village residents were able to reconnect with the collection, helping bolster local elementary and secondary education programs which preserve and advance their rich Iñupiat cultural heritage.
The collection played a key role in the growth and basic knowledge of circumpolar archaeology in North America in 1914 and was an early example of scientific collaboration with local experts. The current project's melding of science and traditional knowledge is in keeping with the collaborative nature of the initial excavation and has brought new life and understanding to a 100-year-old collection while satisfying cultural resource management requirements for an oil and gas development project.
Applying the Concept of Accelerative Learning for Design and Delivery of Process and Personnel Safety Leadership Programs in Oil & Gas Assets
Authors: Israni Kumar Chris , Watson Colleen 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Safety leadership training makes use of the approach of Accelerative Learning (A.L.). Recent research indicates that this approach of A.L., is a state-of-the-art approach. The research is essentially an understanding between brain physiology and the concept of learning. A.L., in design and delivery, addresses the learning environment, learning modalities and multiple intelligences in a manner that is participant centric-centred. Incorporating this into a safety training program seeks to adapt the learning process most conducive to humans and make it a mind and body experience achieving maximum information retention. This enhances a behavioural transition from a safety management approach to safety leadership mind-set.
While incorporating the active and passive methods of engagement into the design and delivery of safety leadership programs helps to achieve up to 95% retention of information. This leads to improved results in competency immediate corelations of the concepts back to daily observed and occuring realities in the field. Results achieved by applying this concept to personnel safety leadership development indicated:
– Development of the ability in understanding motivational and behavioural profiles of personnel; – Development of the ability to validate safety leadership from front-line level-personnel right up to the management teams; – Enhancement of personal leadership capability to strengthen safety into newly established teams.
Also the authors have performed case studies that extend this concept to process safety as well
This paper will summarize the approach for developing such high-impact safety leadership training programs for oil & gas assets. The paper will include references to particular case studies with demonstration of qualitative and quantitative results in HSE performance improvement attributed to safety leadership programs across the globe in various sectors.
Fresh Insight into the H2S Scavenging Mechanism of MEA-Triazine vs. MMA-Triazine
Authors: Taylor G. N. , Wylde J. J. , Müller T. , Murison J , Schneider F. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Hexahydro-1,3,5-tris(hydroxyethyl)-s-triazine (I) (more commonly referred to as MEA-triazine) and Hexahydro-1,3,5-trimethyl-s-triazine (II) (more commonly referred to as MMA-triazine) are the most ubiquitous triazine based scavengers in today’s oil and gas processing industry. (I) is very substantially more prevalent than (II) despite having several very well characterized drawbacks. Perhaps the most problematic and well recognized of these is the propensity for the single byproduct, 5-hydroxyethyldithiazine (V), to undergo further reaction with H2S and ultimately ring open the dithiazine molecule to form the polymeric solid known as amorphous dithiazine. Current understanding is that (II) is more favorable as it forms no such solids due to a crucial difference in molecular structure. An understanding of what drives this reaction and what structural features are essential for this to happen are key to mitigating the operational challenges posed by the use of triazine chemistry.
The understanding that MMA triazine is only, in some cases, the next "go to" product; where the draw backs of MEA-triazine prevent its use, is challenged in this paper in light of fresh insight. A comparative model for the reaction of these two molecules is presented and an explanation offered, hitherto not reported, which accounts for many of the anomalies when a comparison of these two very similar scavenger molecules is made. The intermediate on the pathway to the dithiazine, namely thiadiazine, is usually not given much consideration and yet compelling evidence is presented that it holds the key to understanding the important differences shown by these two members of the triazine scavenger class, together with structure activity considerations. The conclusion endorses the validity and efficacy of MMA-triazine and suggests it should occupy an almost equivalent performance role to MEA-triazine in the H2S scavenger product portfolio.
Utilization of Monitoring Inspection and Evaluation Technology in Safeguarding Pipe Integrity for Coiled Tubing Drilling Operations
Authors: Liu Zhanke , Wiranata Kevin , Ridene Arafet , Wortmann Henry , Bucher Robert , Campbell Greg , Bulloch Scott , Chaari Youssef 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Despite many successful applications of coiled tubing drilling (CTD) technology, CTD still faces challenges in the field. For CTD technology to be reliable and economical, the coiled tubing (CT) pipe must be properly managed so that its useful life can be maximized while string reliability is improved. Through several case studies, this paper provides best practices for the use of nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technology to safeguard pipe integrity during CTD operations.
The CT defect detection method relies on a portable measurement technology for CT pipe. The technology is primarily based on magnetic flux leakage (MFL) measurements. The characterization procedure includes extracting defect signals from hundreds of field inspection jobs and building a comprehensive and high-fidelity defect library. The inspector is then able to identify the type of defect, to track its evolution from job to job, and to evaluate its impact on CT fatigue life. A variety of case studies demonstrate the applicability and benefit of being able to identify the defect type, to track its initiation and progression during field operations, and to quantitatively evaluate its impact on CT fatigue life. This type of engineered pipe management technology offers a new way to reduce costly pipe failures during CTD operations as well as to maximize CT useful life.
Optimization of CO2 Sequestration in Aquifers under Geochemistry and Thermal Effects
Authors: Temizel Cenk , Ranjith Rahul , Suhag Anuj , Balaji Karthik , Thanon Diyar , Saracoglu Onder , Jia Bao 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Disposal and long-term sequestration of anthropogenic "greenhouse gases," such as, CO2 is a proposed approach for reducing global warming. Deep, regional-scale aquifers in sedimentary basins are possible sites for sequestration, given their ubiquitous nature. For Carbon dioxide (CO2) to be stored in aquifers responsibly, it is essential to identify key concepts that need to be considered for potential implementation. Ideally, the injected CO2 will migrate through an aquifer from injection wells to remote storage sites, and remain isolated from the atmosphere for a considerable period of time. Fundamental topics of interest in sequestration research are not just concerned with scientific and technical aspects, but also with practical concerns, such as, economic feasibility of storage, safety, and the maximum possible amount of CO2 storage globally and for specified regions. Thus, it is crucial to have a robust understanding of this important process not only in theory, but in practice as well through illustration with solid examples as in this study.
A robust commercial optimization and uncertainty software is coupled with a full-physics commercial simulator that models the phenomenon to investigate the significance of major parameters on performance of wells in CO2 sequestration, under geochemistry and thermal effects. CO2 injection is first done for 25 years then the injector is shut-in and the molecular diffusion of CO2 in water is modelled for the next 225 years. Thermal effects due to injection of CO2 are also modelled.
Sensitivity and optimization have been done on major reservoir parameters, such as, fluid and rock properties and well operational parameters, and then significance of each has been illustrated through tornado diagrams. It is observed that a robust approach on handling of uncertainties in the reservoir is as important as management of well operational parameters in the scope of reservoir management. Presence of impact of geochemistry and temperature effects have proven to play an important role in the process.
This study provides an in-depth optimization and uncertainty analysis to outline the significance of each major parameter involved in the performance, and CO2 sequestration in aquifers where influence of temperature and geochemistry is present.
A Synopsis on Completion Efficiency for Multi Stage Acid Fracturing Technology in Tight Carbonates Formations
Authors: Guizada Pablo , Harbi Abdulaziz , Khanferi Rakkan 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Open-hole multi-stage acid fracturing technology (MSF) has been widely implemented in the last few years in order to stimulate and maximize production rates from tight carbonate formations. A variety of factors can affect or contribute to the success of this technique which has to be taken into consideration to ultimately enhance the well performance. Among these factors, accurate well placement to maximize reservoir contact, fracture orientation relative to the stress direction, reservoir characteristics like lithology, stress, porosity development and optimum design of the well completion as well as proper execution of the stimulation treatment have strong influence on the final results and huge impact on the well productivity.
This technical review of MSF jobs has made it possible to achieve a deeper understanding of the key factors controlling the outcome of the jobs and their relative importance. It will help optimize the future MSF candidate selection and their design, thereby achieving a high quality decision making process for completion selection. The objective of this paper is to discuss these factors and come up with conclusions and recommendations to optimize the use of this technology in future wells.
Modeling and Analysis of Temperature Transient Sandface and Wellbore Temperature Data from Variable Rate Well Test Data
Authors: Onur Mustafa , Cinar Murat 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we present new semi-analytical and analytical solutions based on coupled transient wellbore/reservoir thermal models to predict temperature transient measurements made under variable rate production history in a vertical or an inclined wellbore across from the producing horizon or at a gauge depth above it. Slightly compressible, single-phase, and homogeneous infinite-acting single-layer reservoir system is considered. The models account for Joule-Thomson heating/cooling, adiabatic fluid expansion, conduction and convection effects both in the reservoir and wellbore. The reservoir model includes the effect of heat losses to over-burden and under-burden strata. The transient wellbore model accounts for friction and gravity effects. The solutions of the semi-analytical reservoir model are verified by use of a general purpose thermal simulator. Wellbore temperatures at a certain gauge depth are evaluated through a wellbore thermal energy equation coupling the reservoir temperature equation. Our results show that unlike pressure transient data, the variable-rate temperature transient data cannot be transformed to an equivalent constant-rate temperature data by use of linear superposition. It is shown that the temperature-derivative data taken with respect to the elapsed time for a given period, plotted against elapsed time better identifies flow regimes exhibited by the transient temperature data recorded under variable rate history. Furthermore, we show that the temperature measurements made at locations above the producing horizon are dependent upon the flow rate, geothermal gradient, and radial heat losses from the wellbore fluid to the formation on the way to gauge. The temperature responses during early times of drawdown and buildup periods are mainly affected by the thermal and wellbore storage effects and do not exhibit the early-, intermediate- and late-time infinite acting flow regimes (IARFs) that would be exhibited by the sandface temperatures unless the gauge distance is not close to the producing horizon. The sensitivity of temperature recorded above the producing zone to reservoir permeability and skin decreases with gauge placed far away above the producing zone. Synthetic test examples are presented to demonstrate the use of the proposed models and methods.
An Advanced Approach to Study the Seepage Characteristics of Dynamic Remaining Oil in Porous Media at Pore Scale
Authors: Wang Chuan , Jiang Hanqiao , Liu Jingwen , Mi Lidong , Li Junjian 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The study of remaining oil microscopic percolation characteristics in porous media at pore scale plays an important role in enhanced oil recovery. Especially the dynamic remaining oil, which is different from the static remaining oil, makes a major contribution to production. The study of dynamic remaining oil percolation characteristics in pore scale plays an important role in both explaining the micro flow mechanisms from micro level and providing theoretical guidance to enhance oil recovery.
In this paper, dynamic remaining oil is first defined by comparing to the static remaining oil and an advanced method combining the glass etching microscopic model experiments and computer image processing & recognition techniques that can identify and analyze the flow characteristics in pore scale is introduced. The method can automatically classify the microscopic remaining oil flowing patterns considering the flowing shape and the connect-relationship among the oil, water and rock.
Compared to artificial identification results, the error range of this method is less than 5%. Meanwhile, it increases the processing speed greatly. And furthermore it provides an approach for the studying of dynamic remaining oil seepage characteristics in pore scale. Then the advanced approach is used to analyze the variable relationship of pore scale different flowing patterns micro dynamic remaining oil in high water cut period. Research result shows that all the remaining oil in ultrahigh water cut period can be classified into five categories that respectively are clustered stream, multi-porous stream, columnar stream, membranous stream and droplet stream. Among of the five categories, clustered stream possess the largest proportion and are also the main factor of relative permeability curves recurved. Meanwhile, with water saturation rising, clustered stream gradually transformed into other patterns like multi-porous stream, columnar stream, membranous stream and droplet stream. Also we find that the occurring occasion of clustered stream inflection point is positively correlated to the maximum water saturation. Meantime, the result indicates oil/water flowing regularity and the reason of oil-water relative permeability curves non-linearity during ultrahigh water cut period from the microscopic point of view. And it also provides a guidance to enhance recovery degree of remaining oil and the recovery efficiency.
Overall, an open and flexible research method to study dynamic remaining oil about flowing characteristics in pore scale by combining microscopic etching glass modeling experiment and computer image recognition & processing technology is introduced in this paper. And according to different research purposes, the range of characteristic parameters is easy to be adjusted to meet various studying demands.
Dimensionless Productivity Index and Its Derivative - Insights into Connectivity and Conductivity Variations of Fractures During Flowback in Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Kaul Sandeep P. , Vaz Robert F. , Gildin Eduardo 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Mathematical modeling of unconventional reservoirs is a complex and challenging problem. The traditional approach is to construct a SRV based numerical model to predict long-term performance. The glaring limitation of this approach is that the model quickly becomes mathematically expensive if we attempt to capture complex geometries and incorporate non-planar/non-orthogonal induced/natural fractures. Also, these numerical models are generally constrained to planar geometry only, as an exhaustive suite of fracture orientations is not practical. It is done in order to simplify assigning fracture conductivities in the model. The method outlined in this paper eliminates the first limitation with the help of a dual porosity semi-analytical model. The other limitation of knowing fracture conductivity of non-planar fractures is overcome by incorporating the dimensionless fracture conductivity in this dual porosity model by comparing it with an equivalent single porosity planar model during bilinear flow regime.
This new method, based on dimensionless productivity index and its derivative, uses dual porosity constant volume fractures in linear reservoirs. Dimensionless productivity index essentially conveys information regarding area generated due to transient average reservoir pressure over a given drainage area. The resulting horizontal well performance, which contains part natural fracture and part induced hydraulic fracture, is based on well test parameters evaluated from production data. These parameters help freeze the rate transient solution in the time domain. The early time analysis of flowback (fracturing water and gas/oil) gives us the insight into induced fractures. The connectivity issue is addressed with the help slab (planar 1D), cylinder (non-planar 2D) and sphere (non-planar 3D) matrix orientations which encompass all possible ranges of fracture (natural and induced) orientation that impact long-term performance.
The result of this approach brings to light the pressure support and effect of flowback water on longterm performance of hydraulically fractured horizontal wells. This is demonstrated with the help of published literature data and shows how flowback analysis complements the conventional rate transient analysis for finite conductivity fractures in linear reservoirs.
The method outlined here amounts to analyzing various fractures having different fracture conductivities and having different non-orthogonal orientations, with sphere matrix orientations being the maximum limiting case scenario. As opposed to this, the traditional numerical method requires running a large number of scenarios on a numerical simulator making it a prohibitively large problem. Eliminating this need brings out the significance of the approach.