bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frecuencia de lesiones macroscópicas en pulmones de bovinos tipo exportación faenados en el frigorífico del municipio de Montería, Colombia
Authors: Oviedo-Socarrás T. , Vargas-Viloria M. , Cardona J. A. 
Published: May 2016

<p>Durante el presente estudio se evaluaron los pulmones de 582 bovinos machos tipo exportación, de razas cebuinas y diferentes procedencias, faenados en el frigorífico del municipio de Montería – Córdoba (FRIGOSINU), con la finalidad de identificar las lesiones encontradas en este órgano. El muestreo se hizo en forma sistemática durante 10 días, evaluando animales escogidos al azar. Durante el tiempo de estudio se decomisaron los pulmones de 190 animales con algún tipo de alteración pulmonar, lo cual corresponde al 32,6%. El 67,4% de los animales muestreados resultaron sin alteración macroscópica evidente. Estos resultados se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva, encontrándose que el enfisema intersticial fue la causa principal de decomiso, siendo observado en el 64,7% de los animales, seguido de hemorragias (15,8%), neumonía lobar (10,5%), congestión pulmonar (8,9%) y broncoaspiración de contenido ruminal (9,0%). Al analizar las evidencias macroscópicas de los pulmones decomisados, se concluye que la mayoría de las alteraciones encontradas en los pulmones decomisados obedece a fallas en el proceso de insensibilización y sacrificio de los animales, no se pueden descartar problemas infecciosos, sin embargo el diagnóstico de laboratoriao no fue contemplado en este estudio, por lo tanto se establece diagnóstico presuntivo de acuerdo a las lesiones macroscópicas.</p>
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE LATVIAN VERSION OF THE COMPUTERIZED EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS TEST “EXAMINER” IN A STUDENTS SAMPLE: RESULTS OF THE PILOT STUDY
Authors: Ivanova Liena , Plauca Ilze , Sebre Sandra , Rascevska Malgozata 
Published: May 2016

The aim of this pilot-study was to assess reliability and validity of the Latvian version of the computerized executive functions test EXAMINER (Executive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research) in a sample of high school students and university students. The adaptation procedure included translation of the instructions and technical configuration of the test’s computerized version. The Latvian version of the EXAMINER includes tasks that measure executive functions of inhibition, set shifting and working memory updating. Participants included two sub-groups: 22 (14 males, 8 female) students from high school and 39 students (11 males, 28 female) from university. Results showed statistically significant differences between both sub-groups on most of the EXAMINER tasks. The main tendency was that the high school students showed faster reaction time, but made more mistakes. Results also showed good reliability for most of the EXAMINER tasks and good criterion validity. Potential improvements of the test and its potential use in schools and clinics are discussed.
MANIFESTATION OF THE TEACHER’S REFLECTIVE PRACTICE AS EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING AND INVESTIGATION OF ONE’S ACTIONS IN PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Bubnys Remigijus , Kairienė Aida 
Published: May 2016

The article deals with the teacher’s reflective practice as manifestation of learning from experience and investigation of one’s actions in professional activities, presenting the results of the quantitative empirical study. The conducted exploratory factor analysis, applying rotation of factor axes by Varimax method enabled to identify significant factors of the teacher’s reflective practice. Four statistically significant factors were distinguished: investigation of professional and personal activities as a guarantee of accumulation and improvement of professional experience; analysis and refection on personal experience as a factor motivating learning; dissemination of acquired experience in the interaction with school community members as a possibility to learn; learning from the experience as a precondition for success of the learning organization.Research results revealed that teachers understand the importance of learning from experience; however, they are not inclined to conduct a deeper analysis of their practice.
La antigua displasia broncopulmonar organizada en la era de la nueva displasia broncopulmonar
Authors: Sancho-Hernández R , Rojas-Maruri M , Solorio-Rodríguez L 
Published: May 2016

Varón de 10 meses de edad sin antecedentes heredofamiliares ni personales patológicos de importancia. Producto gemelar de la primera gesta obtenido de 26.5 semanas de gestación sin esquema de esteroide prenatal, con peso de 800 g y talla de 35 cm al nacer; Apgar 7-8 que requirió de intubación endotraqueal para aplicación de surfactante.
Knowledge Production and Emancipatory Social Movements from the Heart of Globalised Hipsterdom, Williamsburg, Brooklyn
Authors: Beck Sam 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe nature of capitalism in its neoliberal form is decreasing higher education’s exclusive domain of knowledge production by exposing students to and exploiting local knowledge production. This has created a paradox. Experiential learning is being supported as ‘academic’ because students learn skills, values and perspectives by engaging in communities of practice. Through community service learning and social justice oriented internships, students learn about emancipatory social movements while simultaneously providing their intellectual capital. Urban Semester Program students participate in the movement for affordable housing, with its origins in post-war Williamsburg, Brooklyn, where many Puerto Ricans settled. Engaged in a struggle against displacement, for self-determination and developing community sustainability by advocating and winning low and moderate income housing, residents are determined to remain in their neighbourhood. Students are engaged in this struggle and connect this exposure to their internships, and the globalising world economy, the role of the state, and corporate power.
Confronting Tyranny in a Public Health Agency
Authors: McKenna Brian 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article details how a community of practice came crashing down on the iron rocks of bureaucracy. I apply Brown and Duguid’s theorisation of the dialectics of ‘working, learning and innovating’ illustrating how these three aspects came to conflict with one another, and how I worked to resolve them. As an anthropologist leading an environmental health project in a mid-Michigan public health agency, I formed a ‘community of practice’ and proceeded as a researcher, ethnographer and community activist for nearly three years, gathering findings to change the agency’s organisational structure, as a form of ‘disruptive innovation’. The community ‘roundtable’ of external project advisors highly supported the penultimate reports on water pollution, air pollution and restaurant health. The interdisciplinary strategies pursued resulted in valuable integrations of new knowledge in public anthropology across several thematic areas: critical public pedagogy, sustainability, citizen science, radical journalism and anthropologies of violence, trauma and transformation.
CysLT1 Receptor Is Protective against Oxidative Stress in a Model of Irritant-Induced Asthma
Authors: McGovern Toby , Goldberger Madison , Chen Michael , Allard Benoit , Hamamoto Yoichiro , Kanaoka Yoshihide , Austen K. Frank , Powell William S. , Martin James G. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The bronchoconstrictive and proinflammatory properties of cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) in allergic asthma mediate their effects predominantly through the cysLT1 receptor (cysLT1R). However, the role of cysLTs and cysLT1R in innate immune-triggered asthma is largely unexplored. We explored the synthesis of cysLTs and cysLT1R as determinants of airway responses in an oxidative stress–induced model of irritant asthma. Wild-type (WT) mice exposed to 100 ppm Cl2 for 5 min had airway neutrophilia, increased cysLT production, and pulmonary expression of cysLT-related biosynthetic genes. CysLT1R-deficient (CysLTr1−/−) mice that were exposed to Cl2 demonstrated airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled methacholine significantly greater than in WT BALB/c mice. Compared to WT mice, airway neutrophilia and keratinocyte chemoattractant production levels were higher in CysLTr1−/− mice and airway hyperresponsiveness was ameliorated using a granulocyte depletion Ab. CysLTr1−/− mice also demonstrated prolonged bronchial epithelial cell apoptosis following Cl2. WT mice showed increased antioxidant and NF erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene expression, Nrf2 nuclear translocation in bronchial epithelial cells, and increased reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione following Cl2 exposure whereas CysLTr1−/− mice did not. Furthermore, CysLTr1−/− mice demonstrated increased pulmonary E-cadherin expression and soluble E-cadherin shedding compared with WT mice. Loss of a functional cysLT1R results in aberrant antioxidant response and increased susceptibility to oxidative injury, apparently via a cysLT1R-dependent impairment of Nrf2 function.
Type I IFNs Regulate Inflammation, Vasculopathy, and Fibrosis in Chronic Cutaneous Graft-versus-Host Disease
Authors: Delaney Tracy A. , Morehouse Chris , Brohawn P. Zachary , Groves Christopher , Colonna Marco , Yao Yihong , Sanjuan Miguel , Coyle Anthony J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Type I IFNs play a critical role in the immune response to viral infection and may also drive autoimmunity through modulation of monocyte maturation and promotion of autoreactive lymphocyte survival. Recent demonstrations of type I IFN gene signatures in autoimmune diseases, including scleroderma, led us to investigate the pathological role of IFNs in a preclinical model of sclerodermatous graft-versus-host disease. Using a neutralizing Ab against the type I IFN receptor IFNAR1, we observed a marked reduction in dermal inflammation, vasculopathy, and fibrosis compared with that seen in the presence of intact IFNAR1 signaling. The ameliorative effects of IFNAR1 blockade were restricted to the skin and were highly associated with inhibition of chronic vascular injury responses and not due to the inhibition of the T or B cell alloresponse. Inhibition of IFNAR1 normalized the overexpression of IFN-inducible genes in graft-versus-host disease skin and markedly reduced dermal IFN-α levels. Depletion of plasmacytoid dendritic cells, a major cellular source of type I IFNs, did not reduce the severity of fibrosis or type I IFN gene signature in the skin. Taken together, these studies demonstrate an important role for type I IFN in skin fibrosis, and they provide a rationale for IFNAR1 inhibition in scleroderma.
Serum levels of phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (pHSP27) are associated with bone mineral density in pre- & postmenopausal women
Authors: Daswani Bhavna , Gavali Shubhangi , Desai Meena , Patil Anushree , Khatkhatay M. Ikram 
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:
Phosphorylated heat shock protein 27 (pHSP27) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. Oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines, which are known to be involved in aetiology of osteoporosis, can trigger HSP27 phosphorylation. Since pHSP27 is present in circulation, it was hypothesized that serum pHSP27 would be elevated in low bone mineral density (BMD) condition and might serve as an indicator of osteoporosis/osteopenia. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine serum levels of pHSP27 in relation with BMD in pre- and postmenopausal women.

Methods:
Premenopausal (30 to 40 yr) and postmenopausal (50 to 60 yr) women having either low BMD (osteopenia/osteoporosis) or high BMD were selected (n=80) from a prospective cohort (n=200). Serum levels of pHSP27; along with levels of oestradiol, malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor - alpha, (TNF-α), c-telopeptide fragments of collagen type I (CTX-1) and osteocalcin were estimated.

Results:
The serum levels of pHSP27 were significantly elevated in low BMD groups in premenopausal and postmenopausal categories (P<0.05). It also exhibited a significant odds ratio (OR) to differentiate between low and high BMD in both premenopausal (OR=1.734, P=0.013) and postmenopausal (OR=1.463, P=0.042) categories. Additionally, area under the curve to predict low BMD was non-significantly higher for pHSP27 than CTX-1 in premenopausal and postmenopausal categories.

Interpretation & conclusions:
This study highlights a novel relation between serum pHSP27 and BMD in Indian women however, these findings need to be confirmed in larger studies.
Prevalence of α-thalassaemia genotypes in pregnant women in northern Thailand
Authors: Pharephan Somphon , Sirivatanapa Pannee , Makonkawkeyoon Sanit , Tuntiwechapikul Wirote , Makonkawkeyoon Luksana 
Published: May 2016

Background & objectives:
Alpha-thalassaemias are genetic disorders with high prevalence in northern Thailand. However, common genotypes and current data on the prevalence of α-thalassaemias have not been reported in this region. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of α-thalassaemia genotypes in pregnant women in northern Thailand.

Methods:
Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples of pregnant women who came to Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai University Hospital during July 2009 to 2010. The common deletion and point mutation genotypes of α-thalassaemia were evaluated by gap- polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP).

Results:
Genotypes of 638 pregnant women were: 409 samples (64.11%) being normal subjects (αα/αα) and 229 samples (35.89%) with α-thalassaemias. These 229 samples could be classified into deletional HbH disease (--SEA/-α3.7) for 18 samples (2.82%); heterozygous α0-thalassaemia --SEA type (--SEA/αα)) for 78 (12.23%); heterozygous α+-thalassaemia - α3.7 type (-α3.7/αα) for 99 (15.52%); homozygous α+-thalassaemia - α3.7 type (-α3.7/- α3.7) for five (0.78%); heterozygous α+-thalassaemia - α4.2 type (-α4.2/αα) for two (0.31%); and heterozygous HbCS (αCSα/αα) for 27 (4.23%) cases.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The prevalence of α-thalassaemias in pregnant women in northern Thailand was high. This finding supports the implementation of the prevention and control of this common genetic disorder by screening for α-thalassaemia genotypes.
Teleseismic P wave tomography of South Island, New Zealand upper mantle: Evidence of subduction of Pacific lithosphere since 45 Ma
Authors: Zietlow Daniel W. , Molnar Peter H. , Sheehan Anne F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA P wave speed tomogram produced from teleseismic travel time measurements made on and offshore the South Island of New Zealand shows a nearly vertical zone with wave speeds that are 4.5% higher than the background average reaching to depths of approximately 450 km under the northwestern region of the island. This structure is consistent with oblique west‐southwest subduction of Pacific lithosphere since about 45 Ma, when subduction beneath the region began. The high‐speed zone reaches about 200–300 km below the depths of the deepest intermediate‐depth earthquakes (subcrustal to ~200 km) and therefore suggests that ~200–300 km of slab below them is required to produce sufficient weight to induce the intermediate‐depth seismicity. In the southwestern South Island, high P wave speeds indicate subduction of the Australian plate at the Puysegur Trench to approximately 200 km depth. A band with speeds ~2–3.5% lower than the background average is found along the east coast of the South Island to depths of ~150–200 km and underlies Miocene or younger volcanism; these low speeds are consistent with thinned lithosphere. A core of high speeds under the Southern Alps associated with a convergent margin and mountain building imaged in previous investigations is not well resolved in this study. This could suggest that such high speeds are limited in both width and depth and not resolvable by our data.
Effects of modified soil water‐heat physics on RegCM4 simulations of climate over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Wang Xuejia , Pang Guojin , Yang Meixue , Wan Guoning 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTo optimize the description of land surface processes and improve climate simulations over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), a modified soil water‐heat parameterization scheme (SWHPS) is implemented into the Community Land Model 3.5 (CLM3.5), which is coupled to the regional climate model 4 (RegCM4). This scheme includes Johansen's soil thermal conductivity scheme together with Niu's groundwater module. Two groups of climate simulations are then performed using the original RegCM4 and revised RegCM4 to analyze the effects of the revised SWHPS on regional climate simulations. The effect of the revised RegCM4 on simulated air temperature is relatively small (with mean biases changing by less than 0.1°C over the TP). There are overall improvements in the simulation of winter and summer air temperature but increased errors in the eastern TP. It has a significant effect on simulated precipitation. There is also a clear improvement in simulated annual and winter precipitation, particularly over the northern TP, including the Qilian Mountains and the source region of the Yellow River. There are, however, increased errors in precipitation simulation in parts of the southern TP. The precipitation difference between the two models is caused mainly by their convective precipitation difference, particularly in summer. Overall, the implementation of the new SWHPS into the RegCM4 has a significant effect not only on land surface variables but also on the overlying atmosphere through various physical interactions.
Complementary constraints from carbon (13C) and nitrogen (15N) isotopes on the glacial ocean's soft‐tissue biological pump
Authors: Schmittner A. , Somes C. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA three‐dimensional, process‐based model of the ocean's carbon and nitrogen cycles, including 13C and 15N isotopes, is used to explore effects of idealized changes in the soft‐tissue biological pump. Results are presented from one preindustrial control run (piCtrl) and six simulations of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) with increasing values of the spatially constant maximum phytoplankton growth rate μmax, which accelerates biological nutrient utilization mimicking iron fertilization. The default LGM simulation, without increasing μmax and with a shallower and weaker Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and increased sea ice cover, leads to 280 Pg more respired organic carbon (Corg) storage in the deep ocean with respect to piCtrl. Dissolved oxygen concentrations in the colder glacial thermocline increase, which reduces water column denitrification and, with delay, nitrogen fixation, thus increasing the ocean's fixed nitrogen inventory and decreasing δ15NNO3 almost everywhere. This simulation already fits sediment reconstructions of carbon and nitrogen isotopes relatively well, but it overestimates deep ocean δ13CDIC and underestimates δ15NNO3 at high latitudes. Increasing μmax enhances Corg and lowers deep ocean δ13CDIC, improving the agreement with sediment data. In the model's Antarctic and North Pacific Oceans modest increases in μmax result in higher δ15NNO3 due to enhanced local nutrient utilization, improving the agreement with reconstructions there. Models with moderately increased μmax fit both isotope data best, whereas large increases in nutrient utilization are inconsistent with nitrogen isotopes although they still fit the carbon isotopes reasonably well. The best fitting models reproduce major features of the glacial δ13CDIC, δ15N, and oxygen reconstructions while simulating increased Corg by 510–670 Pg compared with the preindustrial ocean. These results are consistent with the idea that the soft‐tissue pump was more efficient during the LGM. Both circulation and biological nutrient utilization could contribute. However, these conclusions are preliminary given our idealized experiments, which do not consider changes in benthic denitrification and spatially inhomogenous changes in aeolian iron fluxes. The analysis illustrates interactions between the carbon and nitrogen cycles as well as the complementary constraints provided by their isotopes. Whereas carbon isotopes are sensitive to circulation changes and indicate well the three‐dimensional Corg distribution, nitrogen isotopes are more sensitive to biological nutrient utilization.
Effects of input discretization, model complexity, and calibration strategy on model performance in a data‐scarce glacierized catchment in Central Asia
Authors: Tarasova L. , Knoche M. , Dietrich J. , Merz R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGlacierized high‐mountainous catchments are often the water towers for downstream region, and modeling these remote areas are often the only available tool for the assessment of water resources availability. Nevertheless, data scarcity affects different aspects of hydrological modeling in such mountainous glacierized basins. On the example of poorly gauged glacierized catchment in Central Asia, we examined the effects of input discretization, model complexity, and calibration strategy on model performance. The study was conducted with the GSM‐Socont model driven with climatic input from the corrected High Asia Reanalysis data set of two different discretizations. We analyze the effects of the use of long‐term glacier volume loss, snow cover images, and interior runoff as an additional calibration data. In glacierized catchments with winter accumulation type, where the transformation of precipitation into runoff is mainly controlled by snow and glacier melt processes, the spatial discretization of precipitation tends to have less impact on simulated runoff than a correct prediction of the integral precipitation volume. Increasing model complexity by using spatially distributed input or semidistributed parameters values does not increase model performance in the Gunt catchment, as the more complex model tends to be more sensitive to errors in the input data set. In our case, better model performance and quantification of the flow components can be achieved by additional calibration data, rather than by using a more distributed model parameters. However, a semidistributed model better predicts the spatial patterns of snow accumulation and provides more plausible runoff predictions at the interior sites.
Observations of whistler mode waves with nonlinear parallel electric fields near the dayside magnetic reconnection separatrix by the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission
Authors: Wilder F. D. , Ergun R. E. , Goodrich K. A. , Goldman M. V. , Newman D. L. , Malaspina D. M. , Jaynes A. N. , Schwartz S. J. , Trattner K. J. , Burch J. L. , Argall M. R. , Torbert R. B. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Marklund G. , Le Contel O. , Mirioni L. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Strangeway R. J. , Russell C. T. , Pollock C. J. , Giles B. L. , Plaschke F. , Magnes W. , Eriksson S. , Stawarz J. E. , Sturner A. P. , Holmes J. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe show observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission of whistler mode waves in the Earth's low‐latitude boundary layer (LLBL) during a magnetic reconnection event. The waves propagated obliquely to the magnetic field toward the X line and were confined to the edge of a southward jet in the LLBL. Bipolar parallel electric fields interpreted as electrostatic solitary waves (ESW) are observed intermittently and appear to be in phase with the parallel component of the whistler oscillations. The polarity of the ESWs suggests that if they propagate with the waves, they are electron enhancements as opposed to electron holes. The reduced electron distribution shows a shoulder in the distribution for parallel velocities between 17,000 and 22,000 km/s, which persisted during the interval when ESWs were observed, and is near the phase velocity of the whistlers. This shoulder can drive Langmuir waves, which were observed in the high‐frequency parallel electric field data.