bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE TWO CENTRAL STARS OF NGC 1514: CAN THEY ACTUALLY BE RELATED?*
Authors: Méndez Roberto H. , Kudritzki Rolf-Peter , Urbaneja Miguel A. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The central star of the planetary nebula NGC 1514 is among the visually brightest central stars in the sky (V = 9.5). It has long been known to show a composite spectrum, consisting of an A-type star and a much hotter star responsible for the ionization of the surrounding nebula. These two stars have always been assumed to form a binary system. High-resolution spectrograms obtained with Espadons at the Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope on Maunakea have allowed us to measure good radial velocities for both stars: they differ by 13 ± 2 km s−1. The stellar velocities were unchanged after 500 days. We have also estimated the metallicity of the cooler star. Combining these data with other information available in the literature, we conclude that, unless all the published nebular radial velocities are systematically wrong, the cooler star is just a chance alignment, and the two stars are not orbiting each other. The cooler star cannot have played any role in the formation of NGC 1514.
A WEAKLY NONLINEAR MODEL FOR THE DAMPING OF RESONANTLY FORCED DENSITY WAVES IN DENSE PLANETARY RINGS
Authors: Lehmann Marius , Schmidt Jürgen , Salo Heikki 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we address the stability of resonantly forced density waves in dense planetary rings. Goldreich & Tremaine have already argued that density waves might be unstable, depending on the relationship between the ring’s viscosity and the surface mass density. In the recent paper Schmidt et al., we have pointed out that when—within a fluid description of the ring dynamics—the criterion for viscous overstability is satisfied, forced spiral density waves become unstable as well. In this case, linear theory fails to describe the damping, but nonlinearity of the underlying equations guarantees a finite amplitude and eventually a damping of the wave. We apply the multiple scale formalism to derive a weakly nonlinear damping relation from a hydrodynamical model. This relation describes the resonant excitation and nonlinear viscous damping of spiral density waves in a vertically integrated fluid disk with density dependent transport coefficients. The model consistently predicts density waves to be (linearly) unstable in a ring region where the conditions for viscous overstability are met. Sufficiently far away from the Lindblad resonance, the surface mass density perturbation is predicted to saturate to a constant value due to nonlinear viscous damping. The wave’s damping lengths of the model depend on certain input parameters, such as the distance to the threshold for viscous overstability in parameter space and the ground state surface mass density.
MONTE CARLO RADIATION TRANSFER SIMULATIONS OF PHOTOSPHERIC EMISSION IN LONG-DURATION GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
Authors: Lazzati Davide 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We present MCRaT, a Monte Carlo Radiation Transfer code for self-consistently computing the light curves and spectra of the photospheric emission from relativistic, unmagnetized jets. We apply MCRaT to a relativistic hydrodynamic simulation of a long-duration gamma-ray burst jet, and present the resulting light curves and time-dependent spectra for observers at various angles from the jet axis. We compare our results to observational results and find that photospheric emission is a viable model to explain the prompt phase of long-duration gamma-ray bursts at the peak frequency and above, but faces challenges when reproducing the flat spectrum below the peak frequency. We finally discuss possible limitations of these results both in terms of the hydrodynamics and the radiation transfer and how these limitations could affect the conclusions that we present.
SIMULATIONS OF ALFVÉN AND KINK WAVE DRIVING OF THE SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE: EFFICIENT HEATING AND SPICULE LAUNCHING
Authors: Brady C. S. , Arber T. D. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Two of the central problems in our understanding of the solar chromosphere are how the upper chromosphere is heated and what drives spicules. Estimates of the required chromospheric heating, based on radiative and conductive losses, suggest a rate of ∼0.1 erg cm−3 s−1 in the lower chromosphere and drops to ∼10−3 erg cm−3 s−1 in the upper chromosphere. The chromosphere is also permeated by spicules, higher density plasma from the lower atmosphere propelled upwards at speeds of ∼10–20 km s−1, for so-called Type I spicules, which reach heights of ∼3000–5000 km above the photosphere. A clearer understanding of chromospheric dynamics, its heating, and the formation of spicules is thus of central importance to solar atmospheric science. For over 30 years it has been proposed that photospheric driving of MHD waves may be responsible for both heating and spicule formation. This paper presents results from a high-resolution MHD treatment of photospheric driven Alfvén and kink waves propagating upwards into an expanding flux tube embedded in a model chromospheric atmosphere. We show that the ponderomotive coupling from Alfvén and kink waves into slow modes generates shocks, which both heat the upper chromosphere and drive spicules. These simulations show that wave driving of the solar chromosphere can give a local heating rate that matches observations and drive spicules consistent with Type I observations all within a single coherent model.
Reflection as a strategy to improve management practice: Insights from management education
Authors: Ronnie Linda 
Published: September 2016

Orientation: This study examines the role of reflection as a learning strategy for management students and how this process can contribute to developing a cadre of useful and effective managers.Research purpose: Using data from MBA student work, the aim of the study was to explore reflection as a pedagogical strategy to enhance management practice within an emerging market context.Motivation for the study: The development of more rigorous, thoughtful and decision-focussed management is among the challenges facing organisations in South Africa. Within management education, reflection is seen as a potential strategy to address this issue.Research approach, design and method: This qualitative study sampled 513 students’ reflective assignments. Students were given an individual task as a deliberate strategy to reflect on their own learning and provide insight on the benefits and challenges of the process. Coding was conducted along thematic lines.Main findings: The findings showed that students gained self-awareness and insight into their own management and organisational practices. Their application of concepts, tools and techniques was also enhanced, as was their understanding of working with others.Practical implications: Personal growth, transformation and development in terms of current and future management roles were all outcomes of the reflective process. Skills such as probing, analysing and synthesis – all essential to managers – are encouraged through a reflective mindset.Contribution: The findings of this study indicated that a deeper understanding and improved clarity of management and organisational practices ensued as an outcome of the reflective process.
The validation of an educational database for children with profound intellectual disabilities
Authors: Spangenberg Karlien , Corten Lieselotte , Van Rensburg Winnie , Kilian Elizma , McKenzie Judith , Vorster Hein , Jelsma Jennifer 
Published: September 2016

Background: The Western Cape Forum for Intellectual Disability took the South African Government to court in 2010 on its failure to implement the right to education for Children with Severe and Profound Intellectual Disability. Subsequently, multidisciplinary teams were appointed by the Western Cape Education Department to deliver services to the Special Care Centres (SCCs). Initially, minimal information was available on this population.Objectives: The purpose is to document the process of developing and validating a database for the collection of routine data.Method: A descriptive analytical study design was used. A sample of convenience was drawn from individuals under the age of 18 years, enrolled in SCCs in the Western Cape. The team who entered and analysed the data reached consensus regarding the utility and feasibility of each item.Results: Data were collected on 134 children. The omission of certain items from the database was identified. Some information was not reliable or readily available. Of the instruments identified to assess function, the classification systems were found to be reliable and useful, as were the performance scales. The WeeFIM, on the other hand, was lengthy and expensive, and was therefore discarded.Discussion and conclusions: A list of items to be included was identified. Apart from an individual profile, it can be useful for service planning and monitoring, if incorporated into the central information system used to monitor the performance of all children. Without such inclusion, this most vulnerable population, despite court ruling, will not have their right to education adequately addressed.
On Residues of Intertwining Operators in Cases with Prehomogeneous Nilradical
Authors: Varma Sandeep 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLet P = M N be a Levi decomposition of a maximal parabolic subgroup of a connected reductive group G over a p-adic field F. Assume that there exists w0∊ G(F) that normalizes M and conjugates P to an opposite parabolic subgroup. When N has a Zariski dense Int M-orbit, F. Shahidi and X. Yu described a certain distribution D on M(F), such that, for irreducible unitary supercuspidal representations π of M(F) withis irreducible if and only if D( f )≠ 0 for some pseudocoefficient f of π. Since this irreducibility is conjecturally related to π arising via transfer from certain twisted endoscopic groups of M, it is of interest to realize D as endoscopic transfer from a simpler distribution on a twisted endoscopic group H of M. This has been done in many situations where N is abelian. Here we handle the standard examples in cases where N is nonabelian but admit a Zariski dense Int M-orbit.
A Note on Lawton’s Theorem
Authors: Dobrowolski Edward 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe prove Lawton’s conjecture about the upper bound on themeasure of the set on the unit circle on which a complex polynomial with a bounded number of coefficients takes small values. Namely, we prove that Lawton’s bound holds for polynomials that are not necessarily monic. We also provide an analogous bound for polynomials in several variables. Finally, we investigate the dependence of the bound on the multiplicity of zeros for polynomials in one variable.
Atmospheric mercury concentrations observed at ground-based monitoring sites globally distributed in the framework of the GMOS network
Authors: Sprovieri Francesca , Pirrone Nicola , Bencardino Mariantonia , D'Amore Francesco , Carbone Francesco , Cinnirella Sergio , Mannarino Valentino , Landis Matthew , Ebinghaus Ralf , Weigelt Andreas , Brunke Ernst-Günther , Labuschagne Casper , Martin Lynwill , Munthe John , Wängberg Ingvar , Artaxo Paulo , Morais Fernando , Barbosa Henrique de Melo Jorge , Brito Joel , Cairns Warren , Barbante Carlo , Diéguez María del Carmen , Garcia Patricia Elizabeth , Dommergue Aurélien , Angot Helene , Magand Olivier , Skov Henrik , Horvat Milena , Kotnik Jože , Read Katie Alana , Neves Luis Mendes , Gawlik Bernd Manfred , Sena Fabrizio , Mashyanov Nikolay , Obolkin Vladimir , Wip Dennis , Feng Xin Bin , Zhang Hui , Fu Xuewu , Ramachandran Ramesh , Cossa Daniel , Knoery Joël , Marusczak Nicolas , Nerentorp Michelle , Norstrom Claus 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Long-term monitoring of data of ambient mercury (Hg) on a global scale to assess its emission, transport, atmospheric chemistry, and deposition processes is vital to understanding the impact of Hg pollution on the environment. The Global Mercury Observation System (GMOS) project was funded by the European Commission (http://www.gmos.eu) and started in November 2010 with the overall goal to develop a coordinated global observing system to monitor Hg on a global scale, including a large network of ground-based monitoring stations, ad hoc periodic oceanographic cruises and measurement flights in the lower and upper troposphere as well as in the lower stratosphere. To date, more than 40 ground-based monitoring sites constitute the global network covering many regions where little to no observational data were available before GMOS. This work presents atmospheric Hg concentrations recorded worldwide in the framework of the GMOS project (2010–2015), analyzing Hg measurement results in terms of temporal trends, seasonality and comparability within the network. Major findings highlighted in this paper include a clear gradient of Hg concentrations between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, confirming that the gradient observed is mostly driven by local and regional sources, which can be anthropogenic, natural or a combination of both.
Empirical Investigation of Formal and Informal Sectors in Waste Recycling of the Municipal Waste Management System of Developing Countries: The Case Study of Lagos State
Authors: Salau Oladipupo , Sen Lalita , Osho Samuel , Adejonwo-Osho Oluwatoyin 
Published: September 2016

Municipalities in metropolitan cities of developing countries often find it difficult to cope with the onerous task of providing waste services to their citizens due to financial constraints and poor infrastructure. In most of these cities, waste collection services are grossly inadequate as less than half the population is served with regular and efficient waste services. However, the shortcomings of the formal waste management system are compensated by the activities of the informal sector engaged in waste collection and make significant contributions to the MWMS through material recovery and waste recycling. In view of this, the study focuses on the roles of the formal and informal sector in municipal waste management with regards to their impacts on the recycling rate of Lagos State. In this study, we measured and compared the recycling rates between the formal and informal sectors to determine their impacts on the recycling rates of Lagos State. The study relies on primary field data, site visits and observations backed by secondary sources to investigate the range of informal sector activities in comparison to the formal sector. The findings indicate that, while both sub-sectors play significant roles in the MWMS, the informal recycling activities contribute more to the recycling rate of Lagos state than the formal sector.
Resident Physician Duty-hour Requirements: What Does the Public Think?
Authors: Mercuri John J. , Okey Neil E. , Karia Raj J. , Gross Richard H. , Zuckerman Joseph D. 
Published: September 2016

Introduction:
To date, no study has reported on the public’s opinion of orthopaedic resident duty-hour requirements (DHR).

Methods:
A survey was administered to people in orthopaedic waiting rooms and at three senior centers. Responses were analyzed to evaluate seven domains: knowledge of duty hours; opinions about duty hours; attitudes regarding shift work; patient safety concerns; and the effects of DHRs on continuity of care, on resident training, and on resident professionalism.

Results:
Respondents felt that fatigue was unsafe and duty hours were beneficial in preventing resident physician fatigue. They supported the idea of residents working in shifts but did not support shifts for attending physicians. However, respondents wanted the same resident to provide continuity of care, even if that violated DHRs. They were supportive of increasing the length of residency to complete training. DHRs were not believed to affect professionalism. Half of the respondents believed that patient opinion should influence policy on this topic.

Discussion:
Orthopaedic patients and those likely to require orthopaedic care have inconsistent opinions regarding DHRs, making it potentially difficult to incorporate their preferences into policy.
Falling and fall risk in adult patients with severe haemophilia
Authors: Rehm Hanna , Schmolders Jan , Koob Sebastian , Bornemann Rahel , Goldmann Georg , Oldenburg Johannes , Pennekamp Peter , Strauss Andreas 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe objective of this study was to define fall rates and to identify possible fall risk factors in adult patients with severe haemophilia. Patients, material, methods: 147 patients with severe haemophilia A and B were evaluated using a standardized test battery consisting of demographic, medical and clinical variables and fall evaluation. Results: 41 (27.9 %) patients reported a fall in the past 12 months, 22 (53.7 %) of them more than once. Young age, subjective gait insecurity and a higher number of artificial joints seem to be risk factors for falling. Conclusion: Falls seem to be a common phenomenon in patients with severe haemophilia. Fall risk screening and fall prevention should be implemented into daily practice.
How Codes of Ethics Deal with Fear in the Workplace
Authors: Santosuosso Pierluigi 
Published: September 2016

<p>The relationship between decision-making and emotions has been increasingly explored in the past thirty years by physicians, psychologists and economists. Because of the impact that emotions have on human behaviour, ethical implications need to be examined if we consider that managers could use emotions to motivate employees. This paper analyses the content of the code of ethics of 278 companies listed on the Italian stock exchange in order to verify how the codes take into account the emotion of fear experienced by employees in the workplace. Research findings revealed that companies have failed to consider the word “fear” and most of the other terms expressing similar emotions. On the other hand, their codes of ethics focused on ethical standards that should be respected, such as the dignity of each single individual and on unethical actions that must be avoided, such as acts of physical or psychological violence. </p>
Safety Culture in the Management System of Safe Exploitation of the Ship and Pollution Prevention
Authors: Królikowski Andrzej , Mrozowska Alicja , Wróbel Ryszard 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
One of the most important aims of this paper is to identify the current idea of safety culture, and to present authors’ understanding of safety culture, how it may be comprehended and perceived, and what benefit it can bring for improving safety at sea. This article discusses the human role in this aspect, namely, who fulfils their responsibilities (work, service, duty) which are connected in a wide understanding of maritime Industry (both at sea and on land). The preliminary analysis of the concepts of safety culture, which has been carried out, points clearly to the human factor (which has a direct impact on the shape and meaning of safety culture) as one of the main links which connects multidimensional maritime safety, environmental protection and safety of life at sea.
Exosomes Derived fromAkt-Modified Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve Cardiac Regeneration and Promote Angiogenesis via Activating Platelet-Derived Growth Factor D
Authors: Ma Jie , Zhao Yuanyuan , Sun Li , Sun Xiaochun , Zhao Xiaosu , Sun Xiaoxian , Qian Hui , Xu Wenrong , Zhu Wei 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated the cardioprotective effects of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). It is well known that the activation of Akt is involved in stem cell-induced cardioprotection. In the present study, we investigated whether exosomes released from Akt-overexpressing MSCs showed a beneficial effect on cardioprotection and angiogenesis. MSCs were collected from human umbilical cord (hucMSCs), and Akt was transfected into hucMSCs (Akt-hucMSCs) by using an adenovirus transfection system. Exosomes were isolated from control hucMSCs (Exo) and Akt-hucMSCs (Akt-Exo). An acute myocardial infarction model was created by ligation of the left anterior decedent coronary artery (LAD) in rats. Various source exosomes (400 µg of protein) were infused via the tail vein immediately after LAD ligation. The cardiac function was evaluated by using echocardiography after different treatments for 1 and 5 weeks, respectively. Endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and tube-like structure formation, as well as chick allantoic membrane assay, were used to evaluate the angiogenetic effects of Akt-Exo. The results indicated that cardiac function was significantly improved in the animals treated with Akt-Exo. In addition, Akt-Exo significantly accelerated endothelial cell proliferation and migration, tube-like structure formation in vitro, and blood vessel formation in vivo. The expression of platelet-derived growth factor D (PDGF-D) was significantly upregulated in Akt-Exo. However, the angiogenesis was abrogated in endothelial cells treated with the exosomes obtained from MSCs transfected with PDGF-D-siRNA. Our studies suggest that exosomes obtained from Akt-modified hucMSCs are more effective in myocardial infarction therapy through promoting angiogenesis. PDGF-D plays an important role in Akt-Exo-mediated angiogenesis.
Réflexion sur l’ancrage ontologique des méthodes quantitatives en sciences sociales
Authors: Bourque Jimmy 
Published: September 2016

Avec cet article, nous désirons 1) expliciter les principes du réalisme ontique et 2) proposer une définition de la réalité justifiable dans ce cadre. Le réalisme ontique suppose l’existence d’une réalité hors de la conscience, mais ne se commet pas quant à la possibilité de la saisir. Par « réalité », nous désignons l’existence de discontinuités. En sciences sociales, ces discontinuités sont le plus souvent dynamiques et contingentes. Comme assise aux méthodes quantitatives en sciences sociales, la conception du réel peut donc se limiter à postuler une structure informationnelle indépendante de la conscience. À la lumière de la stabilité de certains résultats scientifiques et de la faillibilité du savoir, le réalisme ontique nous parait tenable.
Becoming Human
Authors: Greenwood Jennifer 
Published: September 2016

A novel, wide-ranging, and comprehensive account of how human emotionality develops, proposing a process in which “nature” and “nurture” are integrated.
In Becoming Human, Jennifer Greenwood proposes a novel theory of the development of human emotionality. In doing so, she makes important contributions to the nature-nurture debate in emotion theory and the intracranialist–transcranialist debate in philosophy of mind. Greenwood shows that the distinction between nature and nurture is unfounded; biological and cultural resources are deeply functionally integrated throughout the developmental process. She also shows that human emotional and language development are transcranialist achievements; human ontogenesis takes place in extended cognitive systems that include environmental, technological, and sociocultural resources. Greenwood tells the story of how each of us becomes a full human being: how human brains are constructed and how these brains acquire their contents through massive epigenetic scaffolding.
After an introduction in which she explains the efficiency of the human newborn as a learning machine, Greenwood reviews traditional and contemporary theories of emotion, highlighting both strengths and limitations. She addresses the intracranialist–transcranialist debate, arguing that transcranialists have failed to answer important intracranialist objections; describes the depth of the functional integration of intraneural and external resources in emotional ontogenesis; examines early behavior patterns that provide the basis for the development of language; explains the biosemantic theory of representational content, and the wider cognitive systems that define it; and argues that language production and comprehension are always context dependent. Finally, in light of the deep and complex functional integration of neural, corporeal, and sociocultural resources in human ontogenesis, she recommends a multidisciplinary, collaborative approach for future research.