bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statin intolerance in heterozygous familial hypercolesterolemia with cardiovascular disease: After PCSK-9 antibodies what else?
Authors: Sbrana Francesco , Dal Pino Beatrice , Bigazzi Federico , Ripoli Andrea , Passino Claudio , Gabutti Alessandra , Pasanisi Emilio M , Petersen Christina , Valleggi Alessandro , Todiere Giancarlo , Barison Andrea , Giannoni Alberto , Panchetti Luca , Becherini Francesco , Pianelli Mascia , Luciani Roberta , Sampietro Tiziana 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
Familial hypercholesterolemia is the elective clinical condition that deserves the maximal personalisation in lipid-lowering therapy, especially in the presence of statin intolerance. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors represent a promising approach to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.

Methods
We enrolled 18 patients (mean age 62 ± 8 years, 72% men) affected by heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and cardiovascular disease, with a history of statin intolerance assigned to PCSK9 inhibitors. Six patients were also on LDL apheresis. Associated Lp(a)-hyperlipoproteinemia (defined as &gt;60 mg/dl) was observed in two out of 18 subjects. PCSK9 inhibitor injectable monoclonal antibodies were administered, every 2 weeks, on top of patient therapy for 12 ± 4 weeks (evolocumab in 15 subjects, alirocumab in three subjects).

Results
After 3 months (12 ± 4 weeks) of therapy, a decrease in total cholesterol (–35%), LDL cholesterol (–51%) and Lp(a) levels (–20%) was observed. Five out of 18 patients reached LDL cholesterol levels of &lt;70 mg/dl, seven showed LDL cholesterol values between 71 and 100 mg/dl, and six out of 18 still had LDL cholesterol levels above 100 mg/dl. Among the six patients with LDL cholesterol levels &gt;100 mg/dl, three were already on LDL apheresis before the PCSK9 inhibitor treatment, while three were referred to LDL apheresis treatment. Adverse events were reported in two out of 18 patients on evolocumab: one presented with flu-like syndrome and the other reported episodes of mild difficulty in maintaining concentration.

Conclusions
PCSK9 inhibitors represent a novel therapeutic tool for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia who are intolerant to statins. However, more data are needed before cleaning up the old therapeutic armamentarium, such as LDL apheresis, which is likely to preserve its valuable role also in the new lipid-lowering era.
The reversible adjustable coupling: A lightweight and low-cost alignment component for the lower limb prosthesis
Authors: Sasaki Kazuhiko , Pinitlertsakun Jutamat , Nualnim Pakwan , Guerra Gary , Sansook Yuttapichai , Kaewdoung Supachai , Chotirossukon Suttinun , Lanlongsa Parichat , Tangpornprasert Pairat , Virulsri Chanyaphan , Nattavut Wit , Buttonkum Danupong 
Published: May 2017

Background The alignment of the lower limb prosthesis is an integral part of the prosthetic fitting. A properly aligned prosthesis contributes to optimal gait and overall function of the patient. The current offering of alignment componentry is expensive for low-income countries. The purpose of this study was to develop a lightweight and low-cost alignment coupler for the lower limb prosthesis. Methods An alignment coupler called the reversible adjustable coupling was designed and manufactured. Measurements of total anterior/posterior and medial/lateral and rotation in prostheses were recorded and mechanical testing performed. Swiftness and difficulty of use was also recorded. Results The reversible adjustable coupling permitted acceptable ranges of anterior/posterior and medial/lateral translation and 30° of internal and external rotation of prosthetic componentry. Repetitive loading of the coupling at a speed of 1 Hz under 1.28 kN load for 2000 cycles was successful, as were static and strength tests. Discussion The coupler provided acceptable ranges of anterior/posterior and medial/lateral and rotation adjustment and is acceptable for potential use in the alignment of both exoskeletal and endoskeletal prosthesis. The final weight of the component was 166 g and cost of $55.00 USD is affordable for low-income countries for use in clinical and educational settings.
Concussion in pediatric surgical patients scheduled for time-sensitive surgical procedures
Authors: Ferrari Lynne R , O’Brien Michael J , Taylor Alex M , Matheney Travis H , Zurakowski David , Slogic Katherine , Anderson Michelle , Soriano Sulpicio , Rockoff Mark , Tasker Robert C 
Published: May 2017

Background Each year in the United States approximately three million individuals sustain sport or recreation-related concussion which may occur in the setting of orthopedic trauma requiring surgical intervention under general anesthesia. The effects of surgery and general anesthesia on brain recovery are currently unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of recent sport concussion, recognized or not, in a preoperative, pediatric, surgical population. Methods The study involved administering a questionnaire to all eligible, consented patients in one of the following settings: Preoperative Clinic, Day Surgery Unit, Trauma Clinic, or inpatient floor. The questionnaire was designed to determine the occurrence and symptoms of a concussion. This study was conducted at an urban 395-bed comprehensive center for pediatric health, between May 2014 and April 2015. Inclusion criteria for study were age 5–21 years, presentation for surgical repair of orthopedic traumatic injury or nasal fracture, and precipitating injurious event occurring within four weeks of surgery. Results The prevalence of concussion in the setting of orthopedic trauma, either known or unknown at the time of presentation for surgery was 6%. The interval between surgery and injury was between three and 13 days. Prior education for recognition of concussion was present in 66% of patients. Conclusions The impact of surgery with general anesthesia in pediatric patients with a recent concussion is unknown. No changes in post-op disposition were noted in this patient population. However, our findings support the need to measure neurocognitive function before and after administration of operative procedures in a larger population with a recent concussion compared with controls.
In-Patient Mortality among PLHIV: A 7-Year Hospital-Based Retrospective Study in Coastal South India
Authors: Farhan Omer , Achappa Basavaprabhu , Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan , Holla Ramesh , Ramapuram John T. , Rao Satish , Madi Deepak R. 
Published: May 2017

Background: With the wide usage of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the morbidity and mortality due to HIV have declined gradually. The aim of our study was to determine the cause of mortality among HIV-infected patients and the factors causing early death. Methods: Using medical records of 73 inpatients who are dead, data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 19 (IBM SPSS Statistics). Chi-square test was performed to determine the factors contributing to early death. A P value <.05 was considered significant. Results: Among 73 deaths, 50 (68.5%) were AIDS related and 23 (31.5%) were non-AIDS related. The most common opportunistic infection causing death was Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Early deaths were strongly attributed to low CD4 counts at admission (<100 cells), antiretroviral therapy-naive status, late presentation, and fewer admissions ( P value <.05). Conclusion: Although AIDS-defining illness remains the main cause of death in HIV, there is significant number of deaths due to non–HIV-related causes.
Chromatin dynamics during the differentiation of long-term hematopoietic stem cells to multipotent progenitors
Authors: Yu Xiang , Wu Chao , Bhavanasi Dheeraj , Wang Hong , Gregory Brian D. , Huang Jian 
Published: May 2017

Key Points
ATAC-seq provides genome-wide chromatin state in 3 cell types of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Transcription factor cohorts are associated with dynamic changes of open chromatin during the differentiation of LT/ST-HSCs to MPPs.
Users’ design feedback in usability evaluation: a literature review
Authors: Følstad Asbjørn 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs part of usability evaluation, users may be invited to offer their reflections on the system being evaluated. Such reflections may concern the system’s suitability for its context of use, usability problem predictions, and design suggestions. We term the data resulting from such reflections users’ design feedback. Gathering users’ design feedback as part of usability evaluation may be seen as controversial, and the current knowledge on users’ design feedback is fragmented. To mitigate this, we have conducted a literature review. The review provides an overview of the benefits and limitations of users’ design feedback in usability evaluations. Following an extensive search process, 31 research papers were identified as relevant and analysed. Users’ design feedback is gathered for a number of distinct purposes: to support budget approaches to usability testing, to expand on interaction data from usability testing, to provide insight into usability problems in users’ everyday context, and to benefit from users’ knowledge and creativity. Evaluation findings based on users’ design feedback can be qualitatively different from, and hence complement, findings based on other types of evaluation data. Furthermore, findings based on users’ design feedback can hold acceptable validity, though the thoroughness of such findings may be questioned. Finally, findings from users’ design feedback may have substantial impact in the downstream development process. Four practical implications are highlighted, and three directions for future research are suggested.
Ovarian morphology is associated with insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross sectional study
Authors: Reid Sara Pittenger , Kao Chia-Ning , Pasch Lauri , Shinkai Kanade , Cedars Marcelle I. , Huddleston Heather G. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common disorder well known to be associated with insulin resistance and metabolic disease. Insulin resistance is likely involved in the promotion of the PCOS reproductive phenotype and may mediate some of the ovarian morphology seen in the disorder. The phenotype of each individual woman with PCOS can vary widely as can her metabolic risk.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional study of patients seen in a multidisciplinary PCOS clinic at the University of California at San Francisco between 2006 and 2014.
All participants underwent systematic evaluation with anthropometric measurements, comprehensive skin exam, transvaginal ultrasound and laboratory studies at the time of their initial visit to the clinic. Serum samples were stored and androgen studies were carried out on all stored samples at the University of Virginia. Logistic regression was employed to evaluate the association between ovarian volume or follicle number and metabolic parameters (fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, 2 h glucose, waist circumference) and hyperandrogenism (free testosterone, total testosterone, DHEAS, acanthosis nigricans), controlling for age.

Results
Three-hundred thirteen patients seen during the study period met Rotterdam criteria for PCOS and had sufficient measurements for inclusion in our analysis. The odds ratio of elevated HOMA-IR for patients with a maximum ovarian volume >10 cc was 1.9 compared to those with a maximum ovarian volume of ≤10 cc (95% CI 1.0–3.4). The odds ratio of abnormal fasting insulin for patients with higher ovarian volume was 1.8 (95% CI 1.0–3.4) compared with those with lower ovarian volume. Follicle number was not significantly associated with any metabolic parameters.

Conclusions
Increased ovarian volume is associated with markers of insulin resistance in PCOS. In concordance with prior studies, we did not find follicle number to be predictive of metabolic risk. Ovarian volume may serve as a useful tool to aid clinicians in their risk stratification and counseling of patients with PCOS.
Comparison of dose distribution for head and neck cancer patients with and without dose painting escalation during radiotherapy realized with tomotherapy unit
Authors: Skorska Malgorzata , Piotrowski Tomasz , Ryczkowski Adam 
Published: May 2017

Objective:
To determine and quantify the percentage dose increase to organs at risk (OARs) with multiple-level dose painting (DP) for patients with head and neck cancer in comparison with standard regimen.

Methods:
12 patients who had undergone fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT scan were retrospectively enrolled. Two treatment plans—one using DP escalation and one without—were optimized for each patient base on PET/CT data. The following variables were assessed: dose to OARs and target volumes; execution time; equivalent uniform dose; and normal tissue complication probability.

Results:
No statistically significant differences in beam-on time were observed between plans with and without DP. However, significantly higher doses were observed for all DP-escalated plans in the OARs, with only two exceptions: the brain stem and V 60Gy for the mandible. Multiple-level DP resulted in dose increases ranging from 3.0% to 12.9%, depending on the OAR. The largest increase was seen for the parotid glands and the smallest for the mandible. Significant differences in the equivalent uniform dose were observed only for the parotid glands and spinal column, where the dose without DP was lower. The normal tissue complication probability for most OARs was very small.

Conclusion:
Importantly, even though DP escalation resulted in higher doses to OARs vs conventional treatment planning, these usually did not exceed the dose tolerance levels. However, clinical trials are necessary to confirm the benefits of DP and to guarantee no additional toxicity.

Advances in knowledge:
Multiple-level DP by numbers resulted in 3.0–12.9% dose increase, depending on the OAR. Our findings may suggest that DP escalation to very high doses is feasible for about 83% of patients without higher toxicity; however, it still should be confirmed on a larger group of patients.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПСИХОЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ НАГРУЗКИ И БИОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ НА АКТИВАЦИЮ КОРЫ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА И ВЕГЕТАТИВНУЮ РЕГУЛЯЦИЮ СЕРДЕЧНОГО РИТМА СТУДЕНТОК
Authors: Lisova Nadezhda Aleksandrovna , Shilov Sergey Nikolaevich , Muller Tatyana Andreevna 
Published: May 2017

Цель. Изучить особенности активационных процессов и вегетативного статуса девушек-студенток в ситуации психоэмоционального напряжения и после курсового применения игрового биоуправления.Материалы и методы. В исследовании участвовали 22 студентки в возрасте от 18 до 21 года. Регистрация физиологических параметров проводилась с информированного согласия испытуемых. Использовались методы: омега-метрии, вариационной кардиоинтервалографии, игрового биоуправления по частоте сердечных сокращений.Результаты. В ситуации психоэмоционального напряжения у 50% студенток обнаружен неоптимальный уровень активации лобной коры, выражающиеся в чрезмерной экспрессии, либо в снижении суммарных показателей постоянного потенциала. Со стороны вегетативной системы наблюдалось усиление симпатических влияний на сердечную деятельность по сравнению с фоновыми значениями, в структуре сердечного ритма выявлено преобладание центрального контура регуляции. Отмечено выраженное напряжение регуляторных механизмов у 82% испытуемых. После прохождения курса из 10 сеансов биоуправления у всех студенток наблюдалась нормализация показателей активационных влияний на кору головного мозга и вегетативной регуляции сердечного ритма.Заключение. Таким образом, индивидуальные особенности активации и нейровегетативной регуляции сердечного ритма являются важными индикаторами функциональных возможностей и успешности адаптации организма студенток в ситуации психоэмоционального напряжения.
БЕЛКОВО-ЛИПИДНЫЙ СОСТАВ МЕМБРАНЫ И МЕТАБОЛИЗМ ЭРИТРОЦИТОВ ПРИ ХРОНИЧЕСКОМ ЭНДОМЕТРИТЕ
Authors: Sunyakina Olga Anatolyevna , Konoplya Nikolay Alexandrovich , Sergeeva Svetlana Leonidovna , Barsuk Anna Alexandrovna 
Published: May 2017

Цель. Установить изменения белково-липидного спектра мембраны эритроцитов при ХЭ до и после традиционного комплексного лечения.Материалы и методы. У 38 пациенток репродуктивного возраста с верифицированным диагнозом хронический эндометрит в стадии неполной ремиссии, получавших комплексное традиционное лечение, включающее оперативное вмешательство по поводу бесплодия, изучены параметры структурно-функциональных свойств эритроцитов до и после лечения.Результаты. До начала лечения установлены значительные изменения в содержании белков, ответственных за структурообразование и стабилизацию мембраны эритроцитов (α- и β-спектрин, дематин, анкирин, белок полосы 4.1, паллидин), формообразование и гибкость мембраны (актин, тропомиозин), внутриклеточный метаболизм (анионтранспортный белок, глицеральальдегид-3-фосфатдегидрогеназа, глутатион-S-трансфераза). Выявлены нарушения в содержании и соотношении липидного спектра, в первую очередь, снижение содержания мембранных глицерофосфолипидов и сфингомиелинов, составляющих основу двойного липидного каркаса клеточной мембраны и играющих основную роль в упорядочивании белковых макромолекул и нормальном метаболизме эритроцитов. Определено внутриэритроцитарное повышение процессов перекисного окисления липидов и содержания стабильных метаболитов оксида азота, снижение активности ферментов антиоксидантной защиты. После проведенного лечения нормализовалось 9% измененных до лечения параметров, корригировано, но не значений нормы, 55,6%, без изменений осталось 33,4% показателей.
ТИП ТЕМПЕРАМЕНТА КАК ФАКТОР, ВЛИЯЮЩИЙ НА АДАПТИВНЫЕ РЕЗЕРВЫ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ГОЛОВНОГО МОЗГА МЛАДШИХ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ
Authors: Bedereva Natalya Sergeevna 
Published: May 2017

Целью работы являлось исследование взаимосвязи интенсивности энергетического метаболизма и уровня активации коры головного мозга младших школьников с типом темперамента и возможное их влияние на резервные энергетические возможности головного мозга детей 8–10 лет.Материалы и методы. В исследовании принимало участие 118 детей 8–10 лет г. Красноярска (средний возраст 8,9±0,7 лет). Регистрация постоянного потенциала осуществлялась монополярно в пяти основных отведениях. В ходе исследования проводилась 3-х минутная проба с гипервентиляцией, фиксировались значения фонового состояния и на 5-й минуте восстановительного периода. Регистрация омега-потенциала осуществлялась в лобных отведениях.Результаты. Определено, что дети с разным типом темперамента имеют достоверные отличия интенсивности энергетического метаболизма, активации коры и резервных энергетических возможностей головного мозга. Так, дети с типом темперамента «адекватные» имели оптимальный уровень активации, средние значения уровня устойчивого постоянного потенциала (УПП) и достаточно хорошо развитые резервные энергетические возможности головного мозга. У детей с типом темперамента «интенсивные» определялись высокий уровень активации и нейроэнергометаболизма, но при этом они имели низкие резервы энергетического метаболизма мозга. «Спокойные», напротив, при низкой интенсивности нейроэнергометаболизма фонового состояния имели высокие резервные возможности энергетического обеспечения головного мозга.Заключение. Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что тип темперамента взаимосвязан с системой регуляции активности коры головного мозга и может обусловливать индивидуальные адаптивные резервы организма ребенка.
The Spillover Effects of Health IT Investments on Regional Healthcare Costs
Authors: Atasoy Hilal , Chen Pei-yu , Ganju Kartik 
Published: May 2017

Electronic health records (EHR) are often presumed to reduce the significant and accelerating healthcare costs in the United States. However, evidence on the relationship between EHR adoption and costs is mixed, leading to skepticism about the effectiveness of EHR in decreasing costs. We argue that simply looking at the hospital-level effects can be misleading because the benefits of EHR can go beyond the adopting hospital by creating regional spillovers via information and patient sharing. When patients move between hospitals, timely and high-quality records received at one hospital can affect the costs of care at another hospital. We provide evidence that although EHR adoption increases the costs of the adopting hospital, it has significant spillover effects by reducing the costs of neighboring hospitals. We further show that these spillovers are linked to information and patient sharing. Specifically, the spillovers are stronger when more hospitals in the region are in health information exchange networks and in the same integrated delivery systems, which can share information more easily. Furthermore, utilizing regional characteristics that can affect the extent of patient sharing such as urban versus rural areas, population density, average distance between hospitals, and hospital density, we find that locations with higher patient and hospital concentration experience stronger regional spillovers. Additionally, spillovers are stronger after the HITECH (Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health) Act that increased EHR adoption and use. Overall, our findings suggest that we need to take into account externalities to understand the benefits of health IT investments and form policy decisions. This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
Insecticidal Activity of the Soil in the Rhizosphere of Viburnum odoratissimum against Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: Zhang Yue , Fu Jiantao , Huang Conglin , Cheng Dongmei , Huang Rilin , Zhang Zhi-Xiang 
Published: May 2017

Methyl salicylate produced by Viburnum odoratissimum is known to exert lethal or sublethal effects on insects. Replacing conventional pesticides with insecticidal plants is necessary for environmental protection. We evaluated the behavioral and toxicological responses of the red imported fire ant (RIFA Solenopsis invicta)( Hymenopter: Buren Formicidae) at different soil depths in the rhizosphere of V. odoratissimum. Results of insecticidal activity bioassays indicated that the mortality for minor and major ants in soil at depths of 0-10 cm at days 11 and 12 both ranged from 68.75% to 100.00%, with repellent rates of 83.54%–100.00% and 85.31%–100.00%, respectively. In behavioral ability tests, 85.45%–100.00% of minor ants and 86.74%–94.85% of major ants lost their ability to grasp after nine days, with crawl rates at only 0.00%–29.25% and 0.00%–55.77%, respectively. Therefore, we conclude from the result that the soil under V. odoratissimum at depths of 0-10 cm exhibited excellent insecticidal effect in controlling RIFA.Methyl salicylate produced by Viburnum odoratissimum is known to exert lethal or sublethal effects on insects. Replacing conventional pesticides with insecticidal plants is necessary for environmental protection. We evaluated the behavioral and toxicological responses of the red imported fire ant (RIFA Solenopsis invicta, Buren) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) at different soil depths in the rhizosphere of V. odoratissimum. Results of insecticidal activity bioassays indicated that the mortality for minor and major ants in soil at depths of 0-10 cm at days 11 and 12 both ranged from 68.75% to 100.00%, with repellency rates of 83.54%-100.00% and 85.31%-100.00%, respectively. In behavioral ability tests, 85.45%-100.00% of minor ants and 86.74%-94.85% of major ants lost their ability to grasp after nine days, with crawling rates at only 0.00%-29.25% and 0.00%-55.77%, respectively. Therefore, we conclude from the result that the soil under V. odoratissimum at depths of 0-10 cm exhibited excellent insecticidal effect in controlling RIFA.