bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) pollination in California's Central Valley is limited by native bee nest site location
Authors: Sardiñas Hillary S. , Tom Kathleen , Ponisio Lauren Catherine , Rominger Andrew , Kremen Claire 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe delivery of ecosystem services by mobile organisms depends on the distribution of those organisms, which is, in turn, affected by resources at local and landscape scales. Pollinator‐dependent crops rely on mobile animals like bees for crop production, and the spatial relationship between floral resources and nest location for these central‐place foragers influences the delivery of pollination services. Current models that map pollination coverage in agricultural regions utilize landscape‐level estimates of floral availability and nesting incidence inferred from expert opinion, rather than direct assessments. Foraging distance is often derived from proxies of bee body size, rather than direct measurements of foraging that account for behavioral responses to floral resource type and distribution. The lack of direct measurements of nesting incidence and foraging distances may lead to inaccurate mapping of pollination services. We examined the role of local‐scale floral resource presence from hedgerow plantings on nest incidence of ground‐nesting bees in field margins and within monoculture, conventionally managed sunflower fields in California's Central Valley. We tracked bee movement into fields using fluorescent powder. We then used these data to simulate the distribution of pollination services within a crop field. Contrary to expert opinion, we found that ground‐nesting native bees nested both in fields and edges, though nesting rates declined with distance into field. Further, we detected no effect of field‐margin floral enhancements on nesting. We found evidence of an exponential decay rate of bee movement into fields, indicating that foraging predominantly occurred in less than 1% of medium‐sized bees' predicted typical foraging range. Although we found native bees nesting within agricultural fields, their restricted foraging movements likely centralize pollination near nest sites. Our data thus predict a heterogeneous distribution of pollination services within sunflower fields, with edges receiving higher coverage than field centers. To generate more accurate maps of services, we advocate directly measuring the autecology of ecosystem service providers, which vary by crop system, pollinator species, and region. Improving estimates of the factors affecting pollinator populations can increase the accuracy of pollination service maps and help clarify the influence of farming practices on wild bees occurring in agricultural landscapes.
Measuring spatial variation in secondary production and food quality using a common consumer approach in Lake Erie
Authors: Larson James H. , Richardson William B. , Evans Mary Anne , Schaeffer Jeff , Wynne Timothy , Bartsch Michelle , Bartsch Lynn , Nelson John. C. , Vallazza Jon 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLake Erie is a large lake straddling the border of the USA and Canada that has become increasingly eutrophic in recent years. Eutrophication is particularly focused in the shallow western basin. The western basin of Lake Erie is hydrodynamically similar to a large estuary, with riverine inputs from the Detroit and Maumee Rivers mixing together and creating gradients in chemical and physical conditions. This study was driven by two questions: (1) How does secondary production and food quality for consumers vary across this large mixing zone? and (2) Are there correlations between cyanobacterial abundance and secondary production or food quality for consumers? Measuring spatial and temporal variation in secondary production and food quality is difficult for a variety of logistical reasons, so here a common consumer approach was used. In a common consumer approach, individuals of a single species are raised under similar conditions until placed in the field across environmental gradients of interest. After some period of exposure, the response of that common consumer is measured to provide an index of spatial variation in conditions. Here, a freshwater mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) was deployed at 32 locations that spanned habitat types and a gradient in cyanobacterial abundance in the western basin of Lake Erie to measure spatial variation in growth (an index of secondary production) and fatty acid (FA) content (an index of food quality). We found secondary production was highest within the Maumee river mouth and lowest in the open waters of the lake. Mussel tissues in the Maumee river mouth also included more eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic fatty acids (EPA and DPA, respectively), but fewer bacterial FAs, suggesting more algae at the base of the food web in the Maumee river mouth compared to open lake sites. The satellite‐derived estimate of cyanobacterial abundance was not correlated to secondary production, but was positively related to EPA and DPA content in the mussels, suggesting more of these important FAs in locations with more cyanobacteria. These results suggest that growth of secondary consumers and the availability of important fatty acids in the western basin are centered on the Maumee river mouth.
Microbial Colonization of the Peri‐Implant Sulcus and Implant Connection of Implants Restored With Cemented Versus Screw‐Retained Superstructures: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Penarrocha‐Oltra David , Monreal‐Bello Alba , Penarrocha‐Diago Maria , Alonso‐Perez‐Barquero Jorge , Botticelli Daniele , Canullo Luigi 
Published: May 2016

Background: The aim of this study is to investigate peri‐implant and intraconnection microflora of healthy implants restored with cemented and screwed superstructures.Methods: Patients with two to three implants restored with cemented or screwed restorations and 5 years of follow‐up were recruited. Samples were taken from peri‐implant sulci, adjacent teeth, and the inner portion of connections. Prevalence of positive sites and bacterial loads for 10 microorganisms were obtained with quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Implant connection permeability to the studied microorganisms was estimated using a standardized bacterial contamination index. Statistical analysis was performed using a generalized estimating equations model, Wald χ2 test, and the least significant difference test.Results: The final sample consisted of 18 patients (55 implants) in the cemented group and 22 patients (46 implants) in the screw‐retained group. Regarding prevalence of positive sites, significant differences between groups were only found for Tannerella forsythia, which was 8.7 times more frequent at peri‐implant sulci of cemented than screw‐retained prostheses. Bacterial loads of Porphyromonas gingivalis, T. forsythia, Parvimonas micra, and total bacterial load were significantly higher at peri‐implant sulci for the cemented group; at the inner portion of connections, values were significantly higher for P. micra and Fusobacterium nucleatum for the screw‐retained group. Contamination index values demonstrated higher permeability to most microbes in the cemented group.Conclusions: Internal implant surfaces were microbiologically contaminated for both cemented and screw‐retained superstructures. Differences were found between the two methods of prosthetic retention: the cemented group presented significantly higher bacterial loads in the peri‐implant sulcus but significantly lower bacterial loads at the inner portion of the implant connection.
Population Characteristics of High‐Yielding Rice under Different Densities
Authors: Li Ganghua , Zhang Jun , Yang Congdang , Liu Zhenghui , Wang Shaohua , Ding Yanfeng 
Published: May 2016

To explore the common characteristics of high‐yield rice (Oryza sativaL.) production and the influence of transplanting density on yield, field experiments were conducted in eight ecological zones with local popular high‐yield rice varieties in China in 2009. This study revealed that different ecological types of rice exhibit robust differences in growth stage, yield composition, source, sink, grain/leaf ratio, plant type traits, and dry matter (DM) accumulation and partitioning. The different ecological types of rice displayed the following common features: (i) grain yield was correlated with sink such that larger sink was always associated with larger yield; (ii) DM accumulation before and after the heading stage showed large variation in contribution to yield regardless of DM accumulation enhancement, especially for postheading accumulation, which was beneficial for increasing yield; and (iii) under the suitable seedling population (36 seedlings m−2or 25 seedlings m−2), wide rows with narrow within‐row plant spacing was conducive for building high‐yield populations. Overall, transplanting density and ecological site both have significant effects on rice yield, source‐sink relationship, and DM accumulation.Core IdeasYield was closely correlated with sink such that larger sink was always associated with higher yield.The dry matter accumulation before and after the heading stage had enormous variation in contribution to yield regardless of the dry matter accumulation enhancement, especially the yield of postheading accumulation, which was beneficial for increasing yield.Under the suitable seedling population, wide rows and narrow within‐row plant spacing was conducive for building high‐yield populations to improve the yield.
The History of the Tuscarora Female Seminary
Authors: Sizelove Audrey R. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The Tuscarora Female Seminary played a unique role in women's education in Juniata County, being the only secondary school established to educate young women. It began in 1847 and educated young women for almost twenty-five years; however, its story has been neglected by historians and further obscured by poor documentation. This article is an opportunity to finally tell its story.
Resiliencia en mujeres sobrevivientes de violencia de género
Authors: Gutiérrez Torres Matilde Jahayra , Rodríguez Rivera Naví 
Published: May 2016

Como producto de la investigación con mujeres sobrevivientes de violencia, en el presente artículo se pretende comprender las prácticas significativas de tres mujeres resilientes que han experimentado violencia emocional en las relaciones de género, pertenecientes a estratos sociales de clase trabajadora. Aportando a la reflexión de otras mujeres que están en proceso de salir del ciclo de la violencia, en la ciudad de Estelí. La estrategia de investigación es cualitativa, aplicando entrevistas a profundidad. Para la exploración del tema se realizó un grupo focal y el método de abordamiento se enmarca en relatos de vidas cruzadas y paralelas (Manuel Pujadas, 2000). Debido a la condición de subordinación vivida por las mujeres por causa de la prevalencia del patriarcado en la sociedad, se profundizó en los aspectos que motivan a las mujeres a salir de la violencia, cómo logran fortalecerse personalmente, a pesar de todas las condiciones de riesgo a las que se enfrentan y qué mecanismos ponen en práctica en el acto de salida de la violencia. Indagar y analizar sobre los factores emocionales, que se fortalecen en las mujeres una vez que han salido de la violencia, es relevante.
Aporte a la superación de la pobreza extrema: El liderazgo, una conquista en la agencia de la mujer
Authors: Arenas Gómez Juliana , Herrera Herrera Ertilia 
Published: May 2016

El presente artículo, es resultado del trabajo investigativo desarrollado con madres líderes del Programa Más Familias en Acción- Medellín Solidaria, pertenecientes a la comuna 13- San Javier de la ciudad de Medellín. El cual, tuvo por objetivo realizar un acercamiento a los significados construidos por éstas frente a su rol y como lo anterior contribuye a la superación de la pobreza extrema, posibilitando así, la generación de reflexiones que permitieran consolidar y afianzar cada vez más el acompañamiento que se viene realizando con cada una de ellas. Lo anterior, permitió identificar como el liderazgo construido por las mujeres está relacionado con su capacidad para creer, dirigirse, auto-liderarse y ser agentes de su propio desarrollo. Simultáneamente, estos aspectos, les permiten ir confluyendo procesos organizativos y comunitarios en su territorios, buscando transmitir y transformar desde las necesidades evidenciadas en sus propios hogares, pero también desde el interés por construir maneras de encuentro alrededor de espacios que son comunes y de descubrir potencialidades en dicho camino.
Producción y comercialización de rosquillas Delicias del Norte en la ciudad de Somoto Madriz. Del I semestre del año 2013 al II semestre del año 2014
Authors: Martínez Daniela Lisbeth , Cruz Bustamante Indira Yomaris , López Altamirano Dana Iveth , Castillo Herrera Beverly 
Published: May 2016

En el presente estudio se analizó el proceso de producción y comercialización de la empresa de rosquillas Delicias del Norte del municipio de Somoto en el periodo 2013- 2014. Esta investigación es de tipo cualitativa por que se describe y analiza a profundidad el proceso de producción y comercialización de las rosquillas somoteñas Delicias del norte, para ello se hace una descripción detallada y se analiza exclusivamente el problema para proponer una estrategia que mejore el proceso de comercialización de la empresa. El universo de estudio está conformado por la empresa Delicias del Norte que cuenta con un total de 20 trabajadores incluyendo el área administrativa. Dentro de las mejoras que se deben hacer en Delicias del Norte está el aprovechamiento de la capacidad productiva tomando en cuenta que posee todos los requisitos necesarios para aumentar su producción, en el proceso de comercialización se .propone mejorar el proceso de comercialización mediante una mayor inversión en el material publicitario.
Elaboración de un manual de gestión de la calidad para la fabricación de puros en “Joya de Nicaragua S.A.”
Authors: Mendoza Córdoba Wilgen Ramón , Portocarrero González Yoani Carolina , Téllez Quintanilla Marvin Iván , Espinoza Vanegas Walter Lenin 
Published: May 2016

Este artículo consiste en los controles de calidad que se realizan en las fábricas tabacaleras ubicadas en la Ciudad de Esteli, al Norte de Nicaragua controlando el entorno en cuanto a la fabricación de puros, mostrando la eficiencia y eficacia de los trabajadores de este rubro que ha sacado a relucir en la economía de los Estilianos. El artículo realizado posee información técnica real y confiable, enfocada en sistemas de gestión en la calidad, para la elaboración de Puros en las empresas tabacaleras, con el propósito de brindar un documento básico, útil y sencillo. Es menester señalar los diferentes puntos de control que pueden presentarse en los procesos de producción, que son realizados en las plantas manufactureras de puros. Ofreciendo pautas para el mejoramiento continuo, de los estándares de calidad que sean necesarios para satisfacer al cliente.
Prologo al libro El Modelo de Gestión de la Investigación. Modelo I+D+i de la UNAN-Managua
Authors: Castillo Herrera Beverly 
Published: May 2016

El libro titulado El Modelo de Gestión de la Investigación. Modelo I+D+i de la UNANManagua, fue presentado el miércoles 10 de junio del 2015 en la Biblioteca de la Facultad Regional Multidisciplinaria de Estelí (FAREM-Estelí) y la presentación estuvo a cargo de la MSc. Beverly Castillo Herrera, Docente y Coordinadora de Investigación e Innovación de laFacultad.
Satisfação corporal, idade gestacional e estado nutricional em gestantes
Authors: Meireles Juliana Fernandes Filgueiras , Neves Clara Mockdece , Carvalho Pedro Henrique Berbert de , Ferreira Maria Elisa Caputo 
Published: May 2016

Introdução: A avaliação da imagem corporal durante a gestação é importante para que as gestantes tenham assistência especializada enquanto lidam com as transformações dessa fase. Objetivo: Avaliar a satisfação corporal de gestantes, associar esta à idade gestacional e ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) e comparar grupos por idade gestacional e por estado nutricional quanto à satisfação. Métodos: Participaram 55 gestantes que realizavam pré-natal em um consultório médico particular da cidade de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Para a avaliação da satisfação corporal foi aplicada a Escala de Medida em Imagem Corporal (EMIC). Foram coletados dados antropométricos (massa corporal e estatura) e obstétricos. As gestantes foram comparadas por estado nutricional e por período gestacional quanto à satisfação corporal. Ademais, buscouse verificar a relação entre a satisfação corporal e o IMC. Resultados: O escore médio e o desvio-padrão da satisfação corporal das gestantes foram de 85,7±17,98 pontos. A maioria da amostra estava no segundo trimestre gestacional e com IMC considerado adequado (45 e 38%, respectivamente). Foram encontradas associações significativas entre a massa corporal e o IMC com a satisfação corporal. Gestantes de baixo peso apresentaram satisfação corporal superiores (p<0,05) em relação às gestantes com sobrepeso e obesidade. Não foram encontradas diferenças para as pontuações da EMIC entre os grupos por estado nutricional e por idade gestacional (primeiro segundo ou terceiro trimestre). Conclusão: Gestantes com menor IMC apresentam maior satisfação corporal, independente da idade gestacional; e ainda, a massa corporal e o IMC são variáveis relacionadas à insatisfação com o corpo.
Pé diabético e amputações em pessoas internadas em hospital público: estudo transversal
Authors: Oliveira Júlia De Cássia , Taquary Sara Alves dos Santos , Barbosa Aurélio De Melo , Veronesi Rafaela Júlia Batista 
Published: May 2016

Introdução: O pé diabético é uma das mais devastadoras complicações crônicas do diabetes mellitus. Mais de 60% das amputações não traumáticas de membros inferiores ocorre em indivíduos diabéticos. Objetivo: Caracterizar sociodemográfica e clinicamente os pacientes hospitalizados por pé diabético, diferenciando o perfil entre amputados e não amputados. Métodos: Estudo transversal conduzido em hospital público no período de janeiro a junho de 2014. Foram incluídos indivíduos internados por pé diabético. Um formulário de dados foi utilizado e preenchido por meio de entrevista com pacientes e revisão de prontuários. Os dados sociodemográficos e clínicos foram analisados de acordo com a amostra total e os grupos de estudo: pacientes amputados e não amputados. Foi feita análise estatística descritiva e inferencial, sendo utilizado o teste de independência do χ2. Resultados: Quarenta e duas pessoas foram hospitalizadas por pé diabético, 26 sofreram amputação (61,9%). Prevaleceu o sexo masculino entre os amputados e o feminino entre os não amputados. A faixa etária predominante foi a de 50 a 69 anos nos dois grupos. Houve associação estatística significativa entre as classificações de Wagner, PEDIS e a frequência de amputação, sendo que quanto maior o grau das classificações, maior a frequência de amputação. Conclusão: De maneira geral, os dados apresentados por este estudo foram semelhantes aos da literatura. As classificações de Wagner e PEDIS demonstraram-se úteis para identificar a gravidade do pé diabético.
Solubility and diffusion of chromium in 4H-SiC
Authors: Danno Katsunori , Saito Makoto , Seki Akinori , Sato Kazuaki , Bessho Takeshi , Kimoto Tsunenobu 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The solubility and diffusivity of Cr atoms in 4H-SiC epilayers are investigated. The formation energy of 4H-SiC containing Cr has been calculated by first-principles calculation. Si sites have been found to be more stable than C sites or interstitial sites for Cr atoms owing to the lower formation energy. The solubility estimated from the formation energy coincides with the saturated Cr concentration in SiC crystals grown by solution growth. The diffusivity of implanted Cr atoms (located at interstitial sites) was not affected by the charge states of Cr atoms and/or vacancies such as carbon vacancies and silicon vacancies, implying the interstitial diffusion of Cr atoms.
Experimental observation of mid-infrared higher-order soliton fission in a tapered tellurite microstructured optical fiber
Authors: Cheng Tonglei , Xue Xiaojie , Liu Lai , Suzuki Takenobu , Ohishi Yasutake 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The evolution of mid-infrared (MIR) higher-order soliton fission in a tapered tellurite microstructured optical fiber (TMOF) is experimentally investigated. From ∼30 to 80 mW, the redshift of the first fundamental soliton is obvious. From ∼80 to 120 mW, two fundamental solitons are obtained by the fission of higher-order solitons. The redshift of the first fundamental soliton almost stops because the increased pump power is preferentially distributed to the second fundamental soliton. From ∼120 to 180 mW, an obvious redshift of the first fundamental soliton is observed again, and a third fundamental soliton is obtained at ∼180 mW. The evolution of each soliton is determined by the power distribution, which is, to the best of our knowledge, reported for the first time.
Global impact of tropical cyclones on primary production
Authors: Menkes Christophe E. , Lengaigne Matthieu , Lévy Marina , Ethé Christian , Bopp Laurent , Aumont Olivier , Vincent Emmanuel , Vialard Jérôme , Jullien Swen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the global responses of surface temperature, chlorophyll, and primary production to tropical cyclones (TCs). Those ocean responses are first characterized from the statistical analysis of satellite data under ~1000 TCs over the 1998–2007 period. Besides the cold wake, the vast majority of TCs induce a weak chlorophyll response, with only ~10% of induced blooms exceeding 0.1 mg m−3. The largest chlorophyll responses mostly occur within coastal regions, in contrast to the strongest cold wakes that generally occur farther offshore. To understand this decoupling, we analyze a coupled dynamical‐biogeochemical oceanic simulation forced by realistic wind vortices applied along observed TC tracks. The simulation displays a realistic spatial structure of TC‐induced blooms and its observed decoupling with TC cold wakes. In regions of strong TC energy input, the strongest cold wakes occur in regions of shallow thermocline (<60 m) and the strongest blooms in regions of shallow nitracline and/or subsurface chlorophyll maximum (<60 m). Shallow thermoclines are found over many open ocean regions, while regions of shallow nitracline and/or subsurface chlorophyll maximum are most prominent in near‐coastal areas, explaining the spatial decoupling between the cold and bloom wakes. The overall TC contribution to annual primary production is weak and amounts to ~1%, except in a few limited areas (east Eurasian coast, South tropical Indian Ocean, Northern Australian coast, and Eastern Pacific Ocean in the TC‐prone region) where it can locally reach up to 20–30%. Nearly 80% of this TC‐induced annual primary production is the result of the biogeochemical response to the 30% strongest TCs.