bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure of Itraconazole to Prevent T-Helper Type 2 Cell Immune Deviation: Implications for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Kennedy Joshua L. , Steinke John W. , Liu Lixia , Negri Julie , Borish Larry , Payne Spencer C. 
Published: November 2016

Background T-helper (Th) type 2 cell inflammation is the hallmark of several disease processes, including asthma, atopic dermatitis, and some forms of chronic rhinosinusitis. Itraconazole has been used as both an antifungal and an anti-inflammatory agent, with some success in many of these diseases, in part, by altering Th2 cytokine expression by T cells. It is not known whether this merely reflects inhibition of established Th2-like cells or the inhibition of differentiation of naive T cells into Th2-like cells. Objective To evaluate the role of itraconazole in the differentiation of naive T cells during activation. Methods Naive CD45RA+ T cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers. Th1 and Th2 type cells were differentiated in the presence of varying concentrations of itraconazole. After stimulation with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 beads, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester dilution was performed to evaluate proliferation and intracellular cytokine staining for interleukin (IL) 4 and interferon (IFN) gamma within proliferating T cells was measured along with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for secreted IL-5, IL-13, and IFN gamma. Results Itraconazole had no effect on proliferation of unbiased, Th1, or Th2 cells. Similarly, there was no effect of itraconazole on either intracellular cytokine staining of IL-4 and IFN gamma or secreted cytokine expression of IFN gamma, IL-5, and IL-13 in any of the cell populations. Conclusion Itraconazole did not alter the ability of naive T cells to proliferate or secrete cytokines under Th1 or Th2 deviating conditions in vitro. As such, reported inhibition of Th2-like lymphocyte function by itraconazole reflected action on mature effector cells and may have underscored why antifungal treatment failed in many clinical trials of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis.
Role of Lumbar Drains in Contemporary Endonasal Skull Base Surgery: Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: D'Anza Brian , Tien Due , Stokken Janalee K. , Recinos Pablo F. , Woodard Troy R. , Sindwani Raj 
Published: November 2016

Background Historically, lumbar drains (LD) have played a prominent role in endonasal skull base surgery. Over the past few decades, advancements in techniques have augmented our ability to successfully reconstruct complex skull base defects and often obviates the need for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. Clarity on the appropriate use of LDs is needed. Objective To examine the literature for the need for LDs in contemporary skull base reconstruction after resection of skull base tumors. Methods A systematic literature review of English language articles by using PubMed and Ovid. Search terms included “lumbar drain,” “CSF leak,” and “endoscopic endonasal reconstruction.” Articles were included when they pertained to adults, used current methods for reconstruction (i.e., multilayered repair or vascularized tissue), and addressed CSF leak rates secondary to endoscopic resection of skull base masses. All the studies discussed CSF leaks that resulted from traumatic-, idiopathic-, or sinus surgery-related iatrogenic causes were excluded. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Results A total of five articles met inclusion criteria. These comprised 376 endoscopic skull base tumor resection and reconstruction cases; 5.59% developed postoperative CSF leaks. A meta-analysis was conducted by incorporating three studies that met criteria based on testing for heterogeneity. The average odds ratio for postoperative CSF leak for patients who did not have an LD relative to patients who had an LD was 0.590 (95% confidence interval, 0.214–1.630). Given a p value of 0.30, the results demonstrated a lack of statistically significant improvement between patients who had an LD and patients who did not have an LD. Various details, such as the defect size and type of CSF leak, were not consistently reported among studies. Conclusions Available evidence for the use of LDs in skull base surgery is of poor quality. Analysis of the literature revealed heterogenous and varied reporting in the primary literature. Further studies that include randomized controlled trials are needed.
Culture-Directed Topical Antibiotic Treatment for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lee Victoria S. , Davis Greg E. 
Published: November 2016

Background Topical antibiotics, delivered optimally as high-volume culture-directed sinus irrigations, are being increasingly used for recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Their impact on subjective and objective outcome measures, however, is still unclear. Objective To assess if the use of topical antibiotics in recalcitrant CRS is associated with improved 20-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test and Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores, and to determine the negative posttreatment culture “control” rate. Methods Patients were included in the study if they met diagnostic criteria for CRS, received high-volume topical antibiotic sinus irrigations twice daily for 1 month, between December 2009 and May 2015, and had undergone endoscopic sinus surgery. The primary outcome was the 20-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test score. Secondary outcomes were the Lund-Kennedy endoscopic score and a negative posttreatment culture “control” rate. Paired t-tests were used to compare pre- and posttreatment scores. Patients with cystic fibrosis were analyzed separately. Results Of the 58 patients included, 47% had nasal polyposis, 57% had asthma, 16% had aspirin sensitivity, and 55% had environmental allergies. The median Lund-Mackay computed tomography score was 11 (interquartile range, 6–16), and the median time to follow-up was 8 weeks (interquartile range, 6–10 weeks). The 20-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test scores improved from pre- to posttreatment period, although this was not significant mean 1.5 [confidence interval {CI} 1.3, 1.7] to mean 1.3 [CI 1.1, 1.6]; p = 0.16). Lund-Kennedy endoscopic scores, however, significantly improved from pre- to posttreatment (mean 4.9 [CI 4.3, 5.6] to mean 4.1 [CI 3.5, 4.7]; p = 0.05). Of the 47 patients with complete culture data, 72% had negative posttreatment culture results, defined as “controlled.” Only one patient discontinued treatment, related to discomfort from irrigations. Conclusion In patients with recalcitrant CRS, the use of topical antibiotics trended toward improvement in symptom severity and significantly improved endoscopic appearance. Furthermore, 72% had negative posttreatment culture results, meaning microbiological “control.” The results of this study support the use of high-volume culture-directed topical antibiotics, and, in the future, more rigorous prospective studies are warranted.
Les Olympia d'Alexandrie et le pancratiaste M. Aur. Asklèpiadès
Authors: Strasser Jean-Yves 
Published: November 2016

Jean-Yves Strasser
Τα Ολύμπια της Αλεξάνδρειας και ο παγκρατιαστής Μ. Αυρ. Ασκληπιάδης
σ. 421-468
Τα Ολύμπια της Αλεξάνδρειας είναι γνωστά χάρη στις επιγραφές και κυρίως στους πάπυρους. Οι τελευταίοι αναφέρουν ολυμπιονίκες οι οποίοι ήταν ίσως νικητές στα Ολύμπια της Αλεξάνδρειας της Αιγύπτου και όχι στους μεγάλους αγώνες της Πίσας. Αυτοί οι αγώνες θεσμοθετήθηκαν στα χρόνια του Μάρκου Αυρήλιου και έγιναν εισελαστικοί στα χρόνια του Γαλλιηνού· πραγματοποιήθηκαν για πρώτη φορά το 268. Όπως και οι περισσότεροι μεγάλοι αγώνες που διοργανώνονταν στην Αίγυπτο, πραγματοποιούνταν κάθε χειμώνα των ζυγών ετών διαιρουμένων δια του τέσσερα. Αυτό συμβαίνει ήδη από τον 2ο αιώνα μ.Χ.: τα πρώτα Ολύμπια διοργανώθηκαν το 180. Το 200, κατά την έκτη διοργάνωση, στην οποία παραβρέθηκαν ο Σεπτίμιος Σεβήρος και ο Καρακάλλας, κέρδισε στο παγκράτιο ο περιοδονίκης Μ. Αυρ. Ασκληπιάδης. Μια επιγραφή από την Κοπτό (I. Portes 88) αναφέρεται σε έναν ελλανοδίκη από την Αλεξάνδρεια, ο οποίος ενδέχεται να είχε αναλάβει καθήκοντα κατά τη δέκατη έβδομη ολυμπιάδα, το 244· το 246/247, ενώ η Αίγυπτος τελούσε υπό τον έπαρχο Βαλέριο Φίρμο, ανέγειρε ένα άγαλμα στον Σάραπη Πολιέα.
Une musicienne et son instrument à cordes sur une stèle funéraire de Dion en Macédoine. Enfin le nablium ?
Authors: Vendries Christophe 
Published: November 2016

Christophe Vendries
A Musician and her Stringed Instrument on a Funerary Stele at Dion in Macedonia. At Last the nablium?
p. 469-502
The presence on a stele of the imperial period at Dion of the representation of a stringed instrument accompanied by its Latin name clarifies our knowledge about the nablium, often cited in Greek literature under the name νάβλα, but of which we have hitherto had no sure figured representation. The Latin inscription accompanying it suggests that the deceased, praised for her devotion to the Muses, was probably a professional musician. We are in the presence of a very rare instance where the inscription serves as a caption explaining the sculpted decoration of the tomb.
Amphores crétoises : le cas d'Éleutherna, en Crète
Authors: G. Yangaki Anastasia 
Published: November 2016

Anastasia G. Yangaki
Cretan Amphoras: the Case of Eleutherna
p. 503-523
The study of Early Christian Cretan amphoras brought to light at the site of Eleutherna, in the Mylopotamos region, considerably extends our knowledge of amphoras produced in Crete and identified on several sites in the Mediterranean following recent research.
This article attempts to elucidate the dating previously proposed for certain already known types. It presents a uniform group of amphoras from the interior of the initial type, produced by a new workshop, and reveals several new types at Eleutherna, used above all at the end of the Early Byzantine period and even during the 8th century. Among the latter may be noted types imitating forms of amphoras imported into the island. Chemical analyses have enabled the addition of the site of Eleutherna or the Mylopotamos region to the number of production centres of Cretan amphoras.
Notes de sculpture et d'épigraphie en Béotie, I. La stèle de Mnasithéios, œuvre de Philourgos : étude stylistique
Authors: K. Andreiomenou Angheliki 
Published: November 2016

The anthemion grave stele of Mnasitheos (Thebes Museum inv. no. 28200) was discovered in 1992 in an extensive cemetery of ancient Akraiphnia in Boeotia. A masterpiece of Greek Archaic art of the years 520-510, it is intact and is the only one so far in which the relief representation is preserved along with a elegiac couplet and the sculptor's signature : ΦΙΛΟΥΡΓΟΣ ΕΠΟΙΕΣΕΝ.
I have already devoted two studies to this monument. In the first I analysed the epigram and the iconographic and decorative elements, as well as the social and political factors emerging from them; in the second, I tried to assign the piece to a specific Athenian workshop, that of Endoios and Philergos-Philourgos.
In the present, final, study, I present all the photographs of the relief for the first time and offer a stylistic analysis of the modelling, in the form of a commentary on these images.
Analyses of Middle Helladic Skeletal Material from Aspis, Argos, 1. Radiocarbon Analysis of Human Remains
Authors: Voutsaki Sophia , Nijboer Albert , Philippa-Touchais Anna , Touchais Gilles , Triantaphyllou Sevi 
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the results of the radiocarbon analysis of human bones (seven samples) from MH Aspis. The analyses have been carried out at the Centre for Isotope Research, University of Groningen, using the AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectroscop) method. The main aim of the analysis is to elucidate the periods of use of the site by comparing the absolute dates with the relative chronology which has been reconstructed on the basis of the complex stratigraphy and the ceramic sequence of the site.
The Aspis results suggest that the end of the MH period, the ΜΗ III / LH I boundary, should be placed around 1700 BC. ?he radiocarbon analysis does not allow us to define the ΜΗ II / ΜΗ III boundary accurately because of the short duration of these sub-phases and the fairly broad range of the radiocarbon dates which is due to the shape of the calibration curve in this period.
Analyses of Middle Helladic Skeletal Material from Aspis, Argos, 2. Stable Isotope Analysis of Human Remains
Authors: Triantaphyllou Sevi , Richards Michael P. , Touchais Gilles , Philippa-Touchais Anna , Voutsaki Sophia 
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the results of a carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of human bones from MH Aspis. The aims of the analysis are to reconstruct the diet of the inhabitants of MH Aspis and to investigate dietary variation between population subgroups defined by age/sex and or social status.
Seven samples were taken, out of which only four provided enough collagen for the analysis. The isoropic data indicate that the Aspis population had a fairly homogeneous C3 terrestrial diet, although the only man buried in the cemetery may have consumed more animal protein (meat and/or dairy products). Marine resources do not seem to have been favoured by the Aspis inhabitants. The overall isotopic signal of the dietary regime in the Aspis does not differ significantly from that observed among the inhabitants of Lerna and the group buried in Grave Circle Β in Mycenae.
Reproductive success through high pollinator visitation rates despite self incompatibility in an endangered wallflower
Authors: Melen Miranda K. , Herman Julie A. , Lucas Jessica , O'Malley Rachel E. , Parker Ingrid M. , Thom Aaron M. , Whittall Justen B. 
Published: November 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Self incompatibility (SI) in rare plants presents a unique challenge—SI protects plants from inbreeding depression, but requires a sufficient number of mates and xenogamous pollination. Does SI persist in an endangered polyploid? Is pollinator visitation sufficient to ensure reproductive success? Is there evidence of inbreeding/outbreeding depression? We characterized the mating system, primary pollinators, pollen limitation, and inbreeding/outbreeding depression in Erysimum teretifolium to guide conservation efforts.METHODS:We compared seed production following self pollination and within‐ and between‐population crosses. Pollen tubes were visualized after self pollinations and between‐population pollinations. Pollen limitation was tested in the field. Pollinator observations were quantified using digital video. Inbreeding/outbreeding depression was assessed in progeny from self and outcross pollinations at early and later developmental stages.KEY RESULTS:Self‐pollination reduced seed set by 6.5× and quadrupled reproductive failure compared with outcross pollination. Pollen tubes of some self pollinations were arrested at the stigmatic surface. Seed‐set data indicated strong SI, and fruit‐set data suggested partial SI. Pollinator diversity and visitation rates were high, and there was no evidence of pollen limitation. Inbreeding depression (δ) was weak for early developmental stages and strong for later developmental stages, with no evidence of outbreeding depression.CONCLUSIONS:The rare hexaploid E. teretifolium is largely self incompatible and suffers from late‐acting inbreeding depression. Reproductive success in natural populations was accomplished through high pollinator visitation rates consistent with a lack of pollen limitation. Future reproductive health for this species will require large population sizes with sufficient mates and a robust pollinator community.
Unusual twig “twistiness” in pawpaw (Asimina triloba) provides biomechanical protection for distal foliage in high winds
Authors: Goodrich Katherine R. , Ortiz Luis A. , Coughlin David J. 
Published: November 2016

PREMISE OF STUDY:Deciduous woody species invest considerable resources in the growth of new foliage and distal stems. This new growth is at risk for mechanical damage from high winds and storms. Pawpaw has large leaves borne distally on thin twigs. Following a storm, pawpaw branches sometimes exhibit a persistent “flipped” orientation, slowly returning upright over 24 h. We investigated biomechanical properties of pawpaw twigs, comparing them to co‐occurring species with similarly high leaf areas and loads, which do not exhibit this “flipping”. Our goal was to determine biomechanical and structural properties in these species and how variation in form might relate to functional differences.METHODS:We measured flexural stiffness, torsional stiffness, and viscoelastic creep in pawpaw and co‐occurring trees Liriodendron tulipifera and Carya cordiformis. We also recorded twig/foliage reconfiguration in high winds. We stained thin cross sections of distal twigs and recorded images using fluorescent light microscopy.KEY RESULTS:Flexural and torsional stiffness increased with twig radius in pawpaw and tulip tree, although torsional stiffness increased more slowly in pawpaw. Pawpaw had a high ratio of flexural to torsional stiffness (EI/GJ) across a range of twig radii and significant viscoelastic creep compared with the other species.CONCLUSIONS:Biomechanical data showed that pawpaw twigs were “twistier” than the comparison species, which were shown previously to alleviate drag‐induced damage by reorienting petioles and leaves. Pawpaw has an unusual strategy of low torsional stiffness in twigs, allowing for reorientation of the entire distal appendage, likely minimizing drag‐induced damage in storms.
Proposition d’une nouvelle approche de la relation entre la taille de l’auditeur et la qualité de l’audit : l’importance de la technologie d’audit
Authors: Sirois Louis-Philippe , Marmousez Sophie , Simunic Dan A. 
Published: November 2016

Dans cet article, nous utilisons le modèle des coûts fixes endogènes de Sutton (1991) pour proposer un cadre d’analyse nouveau pour envisager la relation entre la taille de l’auditeur et la qualité de l’audit et expliquer la structure duale et concentrée actuelle du marché de l’audit, opposant Big 4 et non-Big 4. Un des éléments-clés du modèle proposé est le rôle central que joue la technologie d’audit (investissements qui améliorent la qualité et/ou le processus de production) dans la détermination de la qualité (réelle et/ou perçue) et des honoraires d’audit. Nous suggérons que Big 4 et non-Big 4 diffèrent fondamentalement par leurs stratégies d’investissement en technologie. Les Big 4 s’engagent dans une « course aux investissements » qui mène à un oligopole naturel, alors qu’un grand nombre de non-Big 4, offrant des services de qualité moindre, subsistent en répondant à la demande des clients ne pouvant ou ne voulant recourir aux Big 4.
Une mondialisation du « bien punir » ? La prison dans les programmes de développement
Authors: Bouagga Yasmine 
Published: November 2016

Les réformes de la justice et du secteur de la sécurité sont devenues des orientations centrales des programmes d’aide au développement, dans la perspective du renforcement de l’État de droit et de la bonne gouvernance. Dans ce cadre, des organisations onusiennes, des agences nationales de coopération, des ONG internationales interviennent dans divers pays pour promouvoir les principes de la justice équitable, de la sécurité efficace et du bon châtiment. S’appuyant sur un discours commun référé aux droits de l’homme, ces acteurs diffusent pourtant des pratiques et des instruments hétérogènes. L’article de Yasmine Bouagga pose les jalons d’une enquête sur les formes de circulation du « bien punir », dans des États connaissant des situations de transition politique, propices à des interventions internationales visant la « démocratisation » et le renforcement des institutions. Paradoxalement, la prison apparaît, dans ces contextes, comme à la fois un problème et une solution.
Disassembly for remanufacturing: A systematic literature review, new model development and future research needs
Authors: Priyono Anjar , Ijomah Winifred , Bititci Umit 
Published: November 2016

Purpose: Disassembly is an important process that distinguishes remanufacturing from conventional manufacturing. It is a unique process that becomes focus of investigation from many scholars. Yet, most scholars investigate disassembly from technical and operational standpoint that lack of strategic perspective. This paper attempts to fill this gap by looking at disassembly from a strategic perspective by considering organisational characteristics, process choices and product attributes. To be more specific, this paper has three objectives. First, to gain understanding what has been done, and what need to be done in the field of disassembly in remanufacturing. Second, to conduct a systematic literature review for identifying the factors affecting disassembly for remanufacturing. Third, to propose a new model of disassembly for remanufacturing and also to provide avenues for future research.Design/methodology/approach: This study used a systematic literature review method. A series of steps were undertaken during the review. The study was started with determining the purpose of the study, selecting appropriate keywords, and reducing the selected papers using a number of criteria. A deeper analysis was carried out on the final paper that meets the criteria for this review.Findings: There are two main findings of this study. First, a list of factors affecting disassembly in remanufacturing is identified. The factors can be categorised into three groups: organisational factors, process choices and product attributes. Second, using factors that have been identified, a new model of disassembly process for remanufacturing is developed. Current studies only consider disassembly as a physical activity to break down products into components. In the new model, disassembly is viewed as a process that converts into into output, which consist of a series of steps.Research limitations/implications: The opportunities for future research include: the need to develop an index of factors affecting disassembly, and how to most appropriate relationship between original equipment manufacturers and contract remanufacturers to share knowledge gained from remanufacturing operations to improve product remanufacturability.Practical implications: Remanufacturers should not focus on product attributes only in order to manage their disassembly process efficiently. Rather, more strategic factors such organisational factors and process choices should also be considered as well.Originality/value: This is the first study that identifies a comprehensive factors affecting disassembly in remanufacturing. In addition, it is for the first time that disassembly is not only viewed as a physical activity, but it is a process that consists of a series of step.