bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marsupialization of a cyst of the nictitating membrane in three dogs
Authors: Barbé Charlotte , Raymond‐Letron Isabelle , Mias Guillaume‐Pierre , Charron Julien , Goulle Frédéric 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundDevelopment of cysts has been reported as a potential complication after surgical repositioning of nictitating membrane gland protrusion using the conjunctival pocket technique. To the authors' knowledge, no treatment for these cysts has ever been published.ObjectivesThis short case series describes a surgical technique of marsupialization as a treatment option for these cysts and proposes a pathogenesis for cyst formation.Cases descriptionThree dogs were each referred for a unilateral subconjunctival mass‐like lesion involving the bulbar side of the nictitating membrane. Complete ophthalmologic examination revealed a pink, translucent, soft, and nonpainful mass protruding from the bulbar surface of the nictitating membrane in all cases. Treatment consisted in marsupialization of the cyst on the palpebral surface of the nictitating membrane and was curative with no short‐term postoperative complication and favorable long‐term outcome for the three dogs. Histopathological findings were consistent with a lacrimal cyst.ConclusionMarsupialization appears to be a safe, simple, and effective treatment for nictitating membrane cyst secondary to surgical correction of gland prolapse using conjunctival pocket technique in dogs. Further studies on a larger number of cases are necessary to determine whether marsupialization is the technique of choice and to further investigate the pathophysiology of cyst formation after conjunctival pocket repositioning of prolapsed glands.
Translational neurocardiology: preclinical models and cardioneural integrative aspects
Authors: Ardell J. L. , Andresen M. C. , Armour J. A. , Billman G. E. , Chen P.‐S. , Foreman R. D. , Herring N. , O'Leary D. S. , Sabbah H. N. , Schultz H. D. , Sunagawa K. , Zucker I. H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNeuronal elements distributed throughout the cardiac nervous system, from the level of the insular cortex to the intrinsic cardiac nervous system, are in constant communication with one another to ensure that cardiac output matches the dynamic process of regional blood flow demand. Neural elements in their various ‘levels’ become differentially recruited in the transduction of sensory inputs arising from the heart, major vessels, other visceral organs and somatic structures to optimize neuronal coordination of regional cardiac function. This White Paper will review the relevant aspects of the structural and functional organization for autonomic control of the heart in normal conditions, how these systems remodel/adapt during cardiac disease, and finally how such knowledge can be leveraged in the evolving realm of autonomic regulation therapy for cardiac therapeutics.
Draft Genome Sequences of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
Serovar Berta ATCC 8392 and a Nalidixic Acid-Resistant Isolate of This Strain
Authors: Cooper Ashley , Koziol Adam G. , Carrillo Catherine D. , Lambert Dominic 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
subspecies
enterica
serovar Berta has been isolated in multiple animal species and has been implicated in human disease. Here, we report a 4.7-Mbp draft genome sequence of
S. enterica
serovar Berta (ATCC strain 8392) and a nalidixic acid-resistant isolate derived from this strain.
Population and Functional Genomics of Neisseria Revealed with Gene-by-Gene Approaches
Authors: Maiden Martin C. J. , Harrison Odile B. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Rapid low-cost whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is revolutionizing microbiology; however, complementary advances in accessible, reproducible, and rapid analysis techniques are required to realize the potential of these data. Here, investigations of the genus
Neisseria
illustrated the gene-by-gene conceptual approach to the organization and analysis of WGS data. Using the gene and its link to phenotype as a starting point, the BIGSdb database, which powers the PubMLST databases, enables the assembly of large open-access collections of annotated genomes that provide insight into the evolution of the
Neisseria
, the epidemiology of meningococcal and gonococcal disease, and mechanisms of
Neisseria
pathogenicity.
Improving management of type 2 diabetes in South Asian patients: a systematic review of intervention studies
Authors: Bhurji N , Javer J , Gasevic D , Khan N A 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesOptimal control of type 2 diabetes is challenging in many patient populations including in South Asian patients. We systematically reviewed studies on the effect of diabetes management interventions targeted at South Asian patients with type 2 diabetes on glycaemic control.DesignSystematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL databases for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and pre-post-test studies (January 1990 to February 2014). Studies were stratified by where interventions were conducted (South Asia vs Western countries).ParticipantsPatients originating from Pakistan, Bangladesh or India with type 2 diabetes.Primary outcomeChange in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). Secondary end points included change in blood pressure, lipid levels, anthropomorphics and knowledge.Results23 studies (15 RCTs) met criteria for analysis with 7 from Western countries (n=2532) and 16 from South Asia (n=1081). Interventions in Western countries included translated diabetes education, additional clinical care, written materials, visual aids, and bilingual community-based peers and/or health professionals. Interventions conducted in South Asia included yoga, meditation or exercise, community-based peers, health professionals and dietary education (cooking exercises). Among RCTs in India (5 trials; n=390), 4 demonstrated significant reductions in HbA1c in the intervention group compared with usual care (yoga and exercise interventions). Among the 4 RCTs conducted in Europe (n=2161), only 1 study, an education intervention of 113 patients, reported a significant reduction in HbA1c with the intervention. Lipids, blood pressure and knowledge improved in both groups with studies from India more often reporting reductions in body mass index and waist circumference.ConclusionsOverall, there was little improvement in HbA1c level in diabetes management interventions targeted at South Asians living in Europe compared with usual care, although other outcomes did improve. The smaller studies in India demonstrated significant improvements in glycaemic and other end points. Novel strategies are needed to improve glycaemic control in South Asians living outside of India.
Annular sizing using real-time three-dimensional intracardiac echocardiography-guided trans-catheter aortic valve replacement
Authors: Rendon Alejandro , Hamid Tahir , Kanaganayagam Gajen , Karunaratne Devinda , Mahadevan Vaikom S 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTranscatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been established as an alternative therapy for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are unfit for the surgical aortic valve replacements. Pre and periprocedural imaging for the TAVR procedure is the key to procedural success. Currently transesophageal echocardiography (TOE), including real-time three-dimensional (RT-3D) imaging TOE, has been used for peri-interventional monitoring and guidance for TAVR. We describe our initial experience with real-time three-dimensional intracardiac echocardiography (RT-3DICE), imaging technology for the use in the TAVR procedure.MethodsWe used RT-3DICE using an ACUSON SC2000 2.0v (Siemens Medical Solution), and a 10F AcuNav V catheter (Siemens-Acuson, Inc, Mountain View, California, USA) in addition to preoperative multislice CT (MSCT) in total of five patients undergoing TAVR procedure.ResultsAortic annulus and sinus of valsalva diameters were measured using RT-3DICE. Aortic valve measurements obtained using RT-3DICE are comparable to those obtained using MSCT with no significant difference in our patients.ConclusionsThis small study of five patients shows the safe use of RT-3DICE in TAVR Procedure and may help the procedures performed under local anaesthesia without the need for TOE.
Galactic one-way Shapiro delay to PSR B1937+21
Authors: Desai S. , Kahya E. O. 
Published: April 2016

The time delay experienced by a light ray as it passes through a changing gravitational potential by a nonzero mass distribution along the line of sight is usually referred to as “Shapiro” delay. Shapiro delay has been extensively measured in the solar system and in binary pulsars, enabling stringent tests of general relativity (GR) as well as measurement of neutron star masses. However, Shapiro delay is ubiquitous and experienced by all astrophysical messengers on their way from the source to the Earth. We calculate the “one-way” static Shapiro delay for the first discovered millisecond pulsar PSR B1937+21, by including the contributions from both the dark matter and baryonic matter between this pulsar and the Earth. We find a value of approximately 5 days (of which 4.74 days is from the dark matter and 0.22 from the baryonic matter). We also calculate the modulation of Shapiro delay from the motion of a single dark matter halo, and also evaluate the cumulative effects of the motion of matter distribution on the change in pulsar’s period and its derivative. The time-dependent effects are too small to be detected with the current timing noise observed for this pulsar.
Impaired sodium-dependent adaptation of arterial stiffness in formerly preeclamptic women: the RETAP-vascular study
Authors: van der Graaf Anne Marijn , Paauw Nina D. , Toering Tsjitske J. , Feelisch Martin , Faas Marijke M. , Sutton Thomas R. , Minnion Magdalena , Lefrandt Joop. D. , Scherjon Sicco A. , Franx Arie , Navis Gerjan , Lely A. Titia 
Published: April 2016

Women with a history of preeclampsia have an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases later in life. Persistent vascular alterations in the postpartum period might contribute to this increased risk. The current study assessed arterial stiffness under low sodium (LS) and high sodium (HS) conditions in a well-characterized group of formerly early-onset preeclamptic (fPE) women and formerly pregnant (fHP) women. Eighteen fHP and 18 fPE women were studied at an average of 5 yr after pregnancy on 1 wk of LS (50 mmol Na+/day) and 1 wk of HS (200 mmol Na+/day) intake. Arterial stiffness was measured by pulse-wave analysis (aortic augmentation index, AIx) and carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (PWV). Circulating markers of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), extracellular volume (ECV), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were measured in an effort to identify potential mechanistic elements underlying adaptation of arterial stiffness. AIx was significantly lower in fHP women on LS compared with HS while no difference in AIx was apparent in fPE women. PWV remained unchanged upon different sodium loads in either group. Comparable sodium-dependent changes in RAAS, ECV, and NO/H2S were observed in fHP and fPE women. fPE women have an impaired ability to adapt their arterial stiffness in response to changes in sodium intake, independently of blood pressure, RAAS, ECV, and NO/H2S status. The pathways involved in impaired adaptation of arterial stiffness, and its possible contribution to the increased long-term risk for cardiovascular diseases in fPE women, remain to be investigated. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/vascular-health-after-preeclampsia/ .
Improved Survival of HER2+ Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Trastuzumab and Chemotherapy Is Associated with Host Antibody Immunity against the HER2 Intracellular Domain
Authors: Knutson Keith L. , Clynes Raphael , Shreeder Barath , Yeramian Patrick , Kemp Kathleen P. , Ballman Karla , Tenner Kathleen S. , Erskine Courtney L. , Norton Nadine , Northfelt Donald , Tan Winston , Calfa Carmen , Pegram Mark , Mittendorf Elizabeth A. , Perez Edith A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The addition of trastuzumab to chemotherapy extends survival among patients with HER2+ breast cancer. Prior work showed that trastuzumab and chemotherapy augments HER2 extracellular domain (ECD)-specific antibodies. The current study investigated whether combination therapy induced immune responses beyond HER2-ECD and, importantly, whether those immune responses were associated with survival. Pretreatment and posttreatment sera were obtained from 48 women with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer on NCCTG (now Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology) studies, N0337 and N983252. IgG to HER2 intracellular domain (ICD), HER2-ECD, p53, IGFBP2, CEA, and tetanus toxoid were examined. Sera from 25 age-matched controls and 26 surgically resected HER2+ patients were also examined. Prior to therapy, some patients with metastatic disease had elevated antibodies to IGFBP2, p53, HER2-ICD, HER2-ECD, and CEA, but not to tetanus toxin, relative to controls and surgically resected patients. Treatment augmented antibody responses to HER2-ICD in 69% of metastatic patients, which was highly associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS; HR = 0.5, P = 0.0042) and overall survival (OS; HR = 0.7, P = 0.038). Augmented antibody responses to HER2-ICD also correlated (P = 0.03) with increased antibody responses to CEA, IGFBP2, and p53, indicating that treatment induces epitope spreading. Paradoxically, patients who already had high preexisting immunity to HER2-ICD did not respond to therapy with increased antibodies to HER2-ICD and demonstrated poorer PFS (HR = 1.6, P &lt; 0.0001) and OS (HR = 1.4, P = 0.0006). Overall, the findings further demonstrate the importance of the adaptive immune system in the efficacy of trastuzumab-containing regimens. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3702–10. ©2016 AACR.
PCBP1/HNRNP E1 Protects Chromosomal Integrity by Translational Regulation of CDC27
Authors: Link Laura A. , Howley Breege V. , Hussey George S. , Howe Philip H. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
CDC27 is a core component of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), a multisubunit E3 ubiquitin ligase, whose oscillatory activity is responsible for the metaphase-to-anaphase transition and mitotic exit. Here, in normal murine mammary gland epithelial cells (NMuMG), CDC27 expression is controlled posttranscriptionally through the RNA binding protein poly(rC) binding protein 1 (PCBP1)/heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein E1 (HNRNP E1). shRNA-mediated knockdown of HNRNP E1 abrogates translational silencing of the Cdc27 transcript, resulting in constitutive expression of CDC27. Dysregulated expression of CDC27 leads to premature activation of the G2–M–APC/C–CDC20 complex, resulting in the aberrant degradation of FZR1/CDH1, a cofactor of the G1 and late G2–M–APC/C and a substrate normally reserved for the SCF-βTRCP ligase. Loss of CDH1 expression and of APC/C-CDH1 activity, upon constitutive expression of CDC27, results in mitotic aberrations and aneuploidy in NMuMG cells. Furthermore, tissue microarray of breast cancer patient tumor samples reveals high CDC27 levels compared with nonneoplastic breast tissue and a significant correlation between disease recurrence and CDC27 expression. These results suggest that dysregulation of HNRNP E1-mediated translational regulation of Cdc27 leads to chromosomal instability and aneuploidy and that CDC27 expression represents a significant predictor of breast cancer recurrence.
Implications: The RNA-binding protein HNRNP E1 mediates translational regulation of the cell-cycle regulator CDC27 and that dysregulation of CDC27 leads to aneuploidy. In addition, high CDC27 expression in breast cancer patient tumor specimens significantly predicts disease recurrence, suggesting a novel role for CDC27 as a predictor of relapse. Mol Cancer Res; 14(7); 634–46. ©2016 AACR.
The Dose–Response Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Body Composition and Breast Tissue among Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Brown Justin C. , Kontos Despina , Schnall Mitchell D. , Wu Shandong , Schmitz Kathryn H. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Observational data indicate that behaviors that shift energetic homeostasis, such as exercise, may decrease the risk of developing breast cancer by reducing the amount of energy-dense, metabolically active adipose tissue. Between December 2008 and April 2013, we conducted a single-blind, 5-month, clinical trial that randomized premenopausal women at high risk of developing breast cancer to one of three groups: 150 min/wk of aerobic exercise (low dose), 300 min/wk of aerobic exercise (high dose), or control. Body composition was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Background parenchymal enhancement (BPE) was quantified using computerized algorithms on breast dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Over 5 months, compared with the control group: the low-dose and high-dose groups lost −1.5 ± 0.5 and −1.3 ± 0.5 kg of body mass (linear Ptrend = 0.032); −1.5 ± 0.4 and −1.4 ± 0.3 kg of fat mass (linear Ptrend = 0.003); −1.3 ± 0.3 and −1.4 ± 0.3% of body fat (linear Ptrend &lt; 0.001); −15.9 ± 5.4 and −26.6 ± 5.0 cm2 of subcutaneous adipose tissue (linear Ptrend &lt; 0.001); and −6.6 ± 1.9 and −5.0 ± 1.9 cm2 visceral adipose tissue (nonlinear Ptrend = 0.037). For each −1 cm2 reduction in visceral adipose tissue, BPE decreased by −3.43 ± 1.34 cm2 (P = 0.010) and explained 9.7% of the variability in BPE. Changes in other aforementioned body composition outcomes did not significantly correlate with changes in BPE. These mechanistic data support observational evidence that shifting energetic homeostasis through exercise may alter the risk of developing breast cancer. Additional adequately powered studies are needed to confirm and expand upon our findings that changes in body composition are associated with changes in BPE. Cancer Prev Res; 9(7); 581–8. ©2016 AACR.
Sites of Successful Ventricular Fibrillation Ablation in Bileaflet Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome
Authors: Syed Faisal F. , Ackerman Michael J. , McLeod Christopher J. , Kapa Suraj , Mulpuru Siva K. , Sriram Chenni S. , Cannon Bryan C. , Asirvatham Samuel J. , Noseworthy Peter A. 
Published: April 2016

Background—
Although the vast majority of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is benign, a small subset of patients, predominantly women, with bileaflet prolapse, complex ventricular ectopy (VE), and abnormal T waves comprise the recently described bileaflet MVP syndrome. We compared findings on electrophysiological study in bileaflet MVP syndrome patients with and without cardiac arrest to identify factors that may predispose to malignant ventricular arrhythmia.

Methods and Results—
Fourteen consecutive bileaflet MVP syndrome patients (n=13 women; median [limits], age at index ablation, 33.8 [21.0–58.7] years; ejection fraction, 60% [45%–67%]; all ≤ moderate mitral regurgitation; n=6 with previous cardiac arrest and implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks for ventricular fibrillation; and n=8 without implantable cardioverter defibrillator although with symptomatic complex VE) were included. The 2 groups had similar baseline echocardiographic and electrocardiographic characteristics. All patients had at least 1 left ventricular papillary or fascicular VE focus. Purkinje origin VE was identified as the ventricular fibrillation trigger in 6 of 6 cardiac arrest patients (4 from papillary muscle) and Purkinje origin of dominant VE was seen in 5 of 8 (3 from papillary muscle) nonarrest patients. Acute success was seen in 17 of 19 procedures, and a ventricular fibrillation storm occurred within 24 hours of ablation in a single patient. Repeat ablation for recurrent symptomatic arrhythmia was performed in 6 patients. At 478 (39–2099) days of follow-up, 2 cardiac arrest patients received appropriate shocks. Symptoms from VE were reduced in 12 of 14.

Conclusions—
Bileaflet MVP syndrome is characterized by fascicular and papillary muscle VE that triggers ventricular fibrillation. Ablation of clinically dominant VE foci improves symptoms and reduces appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks.
Comparative Effectiveness of Generic Atorvastatin and Lipitor
®
in Patients Hospitalized with an Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Jackevicius Cynthia A. , Tu Jack V. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Austin Peter C. , Ross Joseph S. , Stukel Therese A. , Koh Maria , Chong Alice , Ko Dennis T. 
Published: April 2016

Background

Although generic medications are approved based on bioequivalence with brand‐name medications, there remains substantial concern regarding their clinical effectiveness and safety. Lipitor
®
, available as generic atorvastatin, is one of the most commonly prescribed statins. Therefore, we compared the effectiveness of generic atorvastatin products and Lipitor
®
.

Methods and Results

We conducted a population‐based cohort study, using propensity score matching to minimize potential confounding of patients ≥65 years, discharged alive after acute coronary syndrome (
ACS)
hospitalization between 2008 and 2012 in Ontario, Canada, who were prescribed Lipitor
®
or generic atorvastatin within 7 days of discharge. The primary outcome was 1‐year death/recurrent
ACS
hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included hospitalization for heart failure, stroke, new‐onset diabetes, rhabdomyolysis, and renal failure. In the 7863 propensity‐matched pairs (15 726 patients), mean age was 76.9 years, 56.3% were male, 87.6% had myocardial infarction, and all patients had complete follow‐up. At 1 year, 17.7% of those prescribed generic atorvastatin and 17.7% of those prescribed Lipitor
®
experienced death or recurrent
ACS
(hazard ratio, 1.00; 95%
CI
, 0.93–1.08;
P
=0.94). No significant differences in rates of secondary outcomes between groups were observed. Prespecified subgroup analyses by age, sex, diabetes, atorvastatin dose, or admission diagnosis found no outcome difference between groups.

Conclusions

Among older adults discharged alive after
ACS
hospitalization, we found no significant difference in cardiovascular outcomes or serious, infrequent side effects in patients prescribed generic atorvastatin compared with those prescribed Lipitor
®
at 1 year. Our findings support the use of generic atorvastatin in
ACS
, which could lead to substantial cost saving for patients and health care plans without diminishing population clinical effectiveness.
On the Variation of the Effective Breaking Strength in Oceanic Sea States
Authors: Zappa Christopher J. , Banner Michael L. , Morison Russel P. , Brumer Sophia E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA spectral framework for quantifying the geometric/kinematic and dynamic/energetic properties of breaking ocean waves was proposed by Phillips in 1985. Phillips assumed a constant breaking strength coefficient to link the kinematic/geometric breaking crest properties to the associated excess energy and momentum fluxes from the waves to the upper ocean. However, a scale-dependent (spectral) breaking strength coefficient is needed, but is unavailable from measurements. In this paper, the feasibility of a parametric mean effective breaking strength coefficient valid for a wide range of sea states is investigated. All available ocean breaking wave datasets were analyzed and complemented with wave model behavior. Robust evidence is found supporting a single linear parameter relationship between the effective breaking strength and wave age or significant wave steepness. Envisaged applications for the effective breaking strength are described.