bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomia funcional de Gari solida (Gray, 1828) (Bivalvia: Psammobiidae) do litoral de Dichato, Chile
Authors: Domaneschi Omar 
Published: March 2017

Gari solida (Cray, 1828) ocorre em quase toda extensão da Província Malacológica Peruana, onde vive enterrada na areia ou cascalho da zona infralitorânea. A abundância de indivíduos em certas áreas de distribuição daespécie permite sua exploração econômica como alimento, o que justifica a necessidade de estudos sobre a sua biologia e de esforços no sentido de se evitar sua dizimação. Como contribuição ao conhecimento de G. solida, o autor descreve em detalhes a concha, manto, sifões, pé e respectiva musculatura, órgãos da cavidade do manto e trato digestivo. Especial atenção é dada ao funcionamento dos órgãos da cavidade do manto e ao conteúdo estomacal. Os sifões são típicos dos Tellinacea, sendo relativamente curtos mas amplos e guarnecidos por tentáculos simples. Os ctenídios, do tipo C(2) de Atkins (1937), são intensamente pregueados, heterorrábdicos, com a crista das pregas posteriores praticamente duplicadas em forma de "Y" e cada uma das demibrânquias possuindo um sulco marginal evidente. Os palpos são muito pequenos, comparados ao tamanho dos ctenídios e a relação entre ambos pertence à categoria III de Stasek (1963). Falta a prega adicional do manto que forma o canal de rejeição de pseudofezes. 0 saco do estilete e o intestino são unidos, a parte livre deste último sendo muito longa e enovelada. 0 estômago, tipo V de Purchon (1960), apresentou-se praticamente preenchido por uma massa viscosa, englobando muito material amorfo, marrom-esverdeado e partículas pouco densas, ambos preponderando sobre o material tipicamente de fundo. A comparação da anatomia funcional de G. solida com a de outros Psammobiidae conhecidos, permitiu a constatação das adaptações da espécie para viver em ambientes de águas calmas, com pequenos distúrbios do sedimento, e alimentar-se predominantemente do material em suspensão.
Relations of Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity to Digital Vascular Function in Three Community‐Based Cohorts: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Brant Luisa C. C. , Wang Na , Ojeda Francisco M. , LaValley Michael , Barreto Sandhi M. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Mitchell Gary F. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Palmisano Joseph N. , Münzel Thomas , Blankenberg Stefan , Wild Philipp S. , Zeller Tanja , Ribeiro Antonio L. P. , Schnabel Renate B. , Hamburg Naomi M. 
Published: March 2017

Background
Microvascular dysfunction is a marker of early vascular disease that predicts cardiovascular events. Whether metabolically healthy obese individuals have impaired microvascular function remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of obesity phenotypes stratified by metabolic status to microvascular function.

Methods and Results

We meta‐analyzed aggregate data from 3 large cohorts (Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health, the Framingham Heart Study, and the Gutenberg Heart Study; n=16 830 participants, age range 19–90, 51.3% men). Regression slopes between cardiovascular risk factors and microvascular function, measured by peripheral arterial tonometry (
PAT
), were calculated. Individuals were classified as normal‐weight, overweight, or obese by body mass index (
BMI
) and stratified by healthy or unhealthy metabolic status based on metabolic syndrome using the
ATP
‐
III
criteria. Male sex,
BMI
, and metabolic risk factors were associated with higher baseline pulse amplitude and lower
PAT
ratio. There was stepwise impairment of vascular measures from normal weight to obesity in both metabolic status strata. Metabolically healthy obese individuals had more impaired vascular function than metabolically healthy normal‐weight individuals (baseline pulse amplitude 6.12±0.02 versus 5.61±0.01;
PAT
ratio 0.58±0.01 versus 0.76±0.01, all
P
<0.0001). Metabolically unhealthy obese individuals had more impaired vascular function than metabolically healthy obese individuals (baseline pulse amplitude 6.28±0.01 versus 6.12±0.02;
PAT
ratio 0.49±0.01 versus 0.58±0.01, all
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions
Metabolically healthy obese individuals have impaired microvascular function, though the degree of impairment is less marked than in metabolically unhealthy obese individuals. Our findings suggest that obesity is detrimental to vascular health irrespective of metabolic status.
Atrial Arrhythmias and Electroanatomical Remodeling in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Deshmukh Amrish , Kim Gene , Burke Martin , Anyanwu Emeka , Jeevanandam Valluvan , Uriel Nir , Tung Roderick , Ozcan Cevher 
Published: March 2017

Background

The incidence, predictors, and impact of atrial arrhythmias along with left atrial structural changes in patients with left ventricular assist devices (
LVAD
s) remain undetermined.

Methods and Results

All patients who underwent
LVAD
implantation from 2008 to 2015 at the University of Chicago Medical Center were included. Electronic medical records, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and cardiac electrical device interrogations were reviewed. The association of arrhythmias and clinical covariates with survival was evaluated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazards analyses. A total of 331 patients were followed for a median of 330 days (range 0–2306 days). Mean age was 57.8±12.8 years, 256 participants (77.3%) were male, mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 20±6.6%, and 124 (37.5%) had ischemic cardiomyopathy. Atrial arrhythmias (53.8%) were highly prevalent and frequently coexisted before
LVAD
implantation: atrial fibrillation (
AF
) in 45.9%, atrial flutter in 13.9%, atrial tachycardia in 6.9%, and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in 1.2%. New‐onset
AF
was documented in 14 patients (7.8% of patients without prior
AF
) after the first 30 days with an
LVAD
. Increasing age, renal insufficiency, and lung disease were predictors of new‐onset
AF
after LVAD implantation. Of patients with paroxysmal
AF
, 43% had no further
AF
after
LVAD
. Left atrial size and volume index improved with
LVAD
(
P
<0.005). History of persistent
AF
, atrial tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmia, coronary artery bypass, and low albumin were associated with decreased survival.

Conclusions

Atrial arrhythmias are significantly prevalent in patients who require
LVAD
and are associated with increased mortality; however,
LVAD
s induce favorable atrial structural and electrical remodeling.
Natural History of Perihematomal Edema and Impact on Outcome After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Wu Teddy Y. , Sharma Gagan , Strbian Daniel , Putaala Jukka , Desmond Patricia M. , Tatlisumak Turgut , Davis Stephen M. , Meretoja Atte 
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose—
Edema may worsen outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We assessed its natural history, factors influencing growth, and association with outcome.

Methods—
We estimated edema volumes in ICH patients from the Helsinki ICH study using semiautomated planimetry. We assessed the correlation between edema extension distance (EED) and time from ICH onset, creating an edema growth trajectory model up to 3 weeks. We interpolated expected EED at 72 hours and identified clinical and imaging characteristics associated with faster edema growth. Association of EED and mortality was assessed using logistic regression adjusting for predictors of ICH outcome.

Results—

From 1013 consecutive patients, 861 were included. There was a strong inverse correlation between EED growth rate (cm/d) and time from onset (days): EED growth=0.162*days exp(−0.927),
R
2
=0.82. Baseline factors associated with larger than expected EED were older age (71 versus 68;
P
=0.002), higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (14 versus 8;
P
<0.001), and lower Glasgow Coma scale score (13 versus 15;
P
<0.001), larger ICH volume (19.7 versus 12.7 mL;
P
<0.001), larger initial EED (0.42 versus 0.30;
P
<0.001), irregularly shaped hematoma (55% versus 42%;
P
<0.001), and higher glucose (7.6 versus 6.9 mmol/L;
P
=0.001). Patients with faster edema growth had more midline shift (50% versus 31%;
P
<0.001), herniation (12% versus 4%;
P
<0.001), and higher 6-month (46% versus 26%;
P
<0.001) mortality. In the logistic regression model, higher-than-expected EED was associated with 6-month mortality (odds ratio, 1.60; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.46;
P
=0.032).

Conclusions—
Edema growth can be readily monitored and is an independent determinant of mortality after ICH, providing an important treatment target for strategies to improve patient outcome.
Predictors and Outcomes of Dysphagia Screening After Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Joundi Raed A. , Martino Rosemary , Saposnik Gustavo , Giannakeas Vasily , Fang Jiming , Kapral Moira K. 
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose—
Guidelines advocate screening all acute stroke patients for dysphagia. However, limited data are available regarding how many and which patients are screened and how failing a swallowing screen affects patient outcomes. We sought to evaluate predictors of receiving dysphagia screening after acute ischemic stroke and outcomes after failing a screening test.

Methods—
We used the Ontario Stroke Registry from April 1, 2010, to March 31, 2013, to identify patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke and determine predictors of documented dysphagia screening and outcomes after failing the screening test, including pneumonia, disability, and death.

Results—
Among 7171 patients, 6677 patients were eligible to receive dysphagia screening within 72 hours, yet 1280 (19.2%) patients did not undergo documented screening. Patients with mild strokes were significantly less likely than those with more severe strokes to have documented screening (adjusted odds ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41–0.64). Failing dysphagia screening was associated with poor outcomes, including pneumonia (adjusted odds ratio, 4.71; 95% CI, 3.43–6.47), severe disability (adjusted odds ratio, 5.19; 95% CI, 4.48–6.02), discharge to long-term care (adjusted odds ratio, 2.79; 95% CI, 2.11–3.79), and 1-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.42; 95% CI, 2.09–2.80). Associations were maintained in patients with mild strokes.

Conclusions—
One in 5 patients with acute ischemic stroke did not have documented dysphagia screening, and patients with mild strokes were substantially less likely to have documented screening. Failing dysphagia screening was associated with poor outcomes, including in patients with mild strokes, highlighting the importance of dysphagia screening for all patients with acute ischemic stroke.
Temporal Trends in Sex Differences With Regard to Stroke Incidence
Authors: Giroud Marie , Delpont Benoit , Daubail Benoit , Blanc Christelle , Durier Jérôme , Giroud Maurice , Béjot Yannick 
Published: March 2017

Background and Purpose—
We evaluated temporal trends in stroke incidence between men and women to determine whether changes in the distribution of vascular risk factors have influenced sex differences in stroke epidemiology.

Methods—
Patients with first-ever stroke including ischemic stroke, spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and undetermined stroke between 1987 and 2012 were identified through the population-based registry of Dijon, France. Incidence rates were calculated for age groups, sex, and stroke subtypes. Sex differences and temporal trends (according to 5-year time periods) were evaluated by calculating incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with Poisson regression.

Results—

Four thousand six hundred and fourteen patients with a first-ever stroke (53.1% women) were recorded. Incidence was lower in women than in men (112 versus 166 per 100 000/y; IRR, 0.68;
P
<0.001), especially in age group 45 to 84 years, and for both ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. From 1987 to 2012, the lower incidence of overall stroke in women was stable (IRR ranging between 0.63 and 0.72 according to study periods). When considering stroke subtype, a slight increase in the incidence of ischemic stroke was observed in both men (IRR, 1.011; 95% confidence interval, 1.005–1.016;
P
=0.001) and women (IRR, 1.013; 95% confidence interval, 1.007–1.018;
P
=0.001). The sex gap in incidence remained unchanged in ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage. Conversely, the lower subarachnoid hemorrhage incidence in women vanished with time because of an increasing incidence.

Conclusions—
The sex gap in stroke incidence did not change with time except for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Despite lower rates, more women than men experience an incident stroke each year because of a longer life expectancy.
Attitude of society towards people with mental illness: The result of national survey of the Slovak population
Authors: Letovancová Katarína , Kovalčíková Nadežda , Dobríková Patricia 
Published: March 2017

Aims: Our survey has been aimed at identifying the society attitude towards people with mental illness in Slovakia. Method: Selected group comprised 1,624 adult respondents with 18 years of age as the bottom limit. We applied reduced 26-item Community Attitudes Toward Mentally Ill Scale (CAMI) to the survey of the society attitude towards people with mental illness. Results: Average score reached by the respondents reached 94.0800 points, indicating lower stigmatization rate than presumed. Further investigation revealed prejudice and stigmatizing attitudes at significant part of the population. The survey confirmed statistically significant differences at the attitudes in the terms of gender ( t = −6.559, p = .000), age within the categories (χ2 = 20.358, p = .000), education ( F = 9.137, p = .000), socio-economic status (χ2 = 50.487, p = .000) and occupation (χ2 = 47.989, p = .000). We also confirmed statistically significant relation between the attitude and age (−.085**, p = .001). Conclusion: The survey confirmed rather neutral up to slightly positive attitude of the Slovak population towards people with mental illness. Existence of attitudes burdened with fear was revealed in some cases, indicating the need for continuous education of the society in this subject matter.
Changing times
Authors: Oldfield Chrissie 
Published: March 2017

It is becoming apparent that the environment in which Executive Masters in Public Administration programmes operate has changed dramatically in the wake of economic crisis and subsequent cuts in public spending. Changes in the funding of public sector organisations has been compounded by a broader “crisis” in the wider public sector which has seen job losses, resources pressures, and the questioning of who delivers public services. Despite arguing for the need for public management education in the face of adversity and austerity, the reality is that the demand for traditional university based courses is falling and despite the proven success of XMPA courses, public sector employers are just not funding or releasing their staff in the way that they did to attend these courses. Arguably, they may have justifiable “business” arguments such as loss of funding and staff and increasing demands on resources, ironically some of the senior managers who are saying no to their staff are the very ones who benefitted from more generous employer support themselves. However what this means for the development and continuance of public management programmes is that public management educators have to seriously think how to continue to develop and sustain XMPA programmes and show that they are not a burden to the organization and the sector but are of great value and benefit. This paper argues for the need for public management courses, and in particular XMPAs, during a period of questioning and uncertainty in a changing public sector. It suggests some of the changes to courses and course delivery that are needed and uses the example of the XMPA, public management education programme at London South Bank University. Such suggestions include: Delivering “Bite size XMPA”, portfolio of course accumulation, a Ladders and Bridges Framework, and Continuing Professional Development (CPD). Changes to course curriculum and content, a flexible approach to course timing and delivering courses off site to organizations. Further developing Learning Communities to respond to specific workplace managerial challenges, creating a safe learning environment and developing case studies from students own professional and practical experiences. The aim of this paper is to consider ways in which public management educators can continue to provide relevant courses and skills and argues that despite the cuts in the public sector and the deprioritization of education and training, Executive Masters in Public Administration (XMPA) are much needed to enable managers to deal effectively with the managerial challenges and dilemmas in service provision, not least citizen’s expectations and demands for improved services at lower cost, brought about as a consequence of the fiscal crisis and resulting public service cuts. The emphasis is on external training in the form of post graduate academic degrees and CPD (which are outside mandatory clinical and essential professional minimum training requirements), and specifically XMPA programmes.
Defining and Using Preoperative Predictors of Diabetic Remission Following Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Stallard Ryan , Sahai Vic , Drover John W. , Chun Shannon , Keresztes Christian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground: Diabetes remission is defined as the return of glycemic control in the absence of medication or insulin use after bariatric surgery. We sought to identify and assess the clinical utility of a predictive model for remission of type 2 diabetes mellitus in a population seeking bariatric surgery. Method: A retrospective cohort design was applied to presurgical data on patients referred for Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG). The model developed from logistic regression was compared with a published model through receiver operating characteristic analyses. Results: At 12 months postoperatively, 59.7% of the cohort was remitted, with no differences between RYGB and VSG. Logistic regression analyses yielded a model in which 4 preoperative variables reliably predicted remission. A Hosmer‐Lemeshow goodness‐of‐fit test result of 0.204 indicated good fit of the developed prediction model to our outcome data. The predictive accuracy of this prediction model was compared with a published model, and an associated variation with diabetes years was substituted for age in our patient population. Our model was the most accurate. Conclusions: Using these predictors, healthcare providers may be able to better counsel patients who are living with diabetes and considering bariatric surgery on the likelihood of achieving remission from the intervention. This refined prediction model requires further testing in a larger sample to evaluate its external validity.
Omentin Val109Asp polymorphism and risk of coronary artery disease
Authors: Jamshidi Javad , Ghanbari Mehrdad , Asnaashari Ali , Jafari Nosaybeh , Valizadeh Gholam Abbas 
Published: March 2017

Background Omentin is an adipocytokine with antiinflammatory properties. It has been reported to be involved in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. We aimed to investigate the association of omentin Val109Asp polymorphism with coronary artery disease in an Iranian population. Methods For a case-control study, 400 individuals were recruited: 200 with coronary artery disease and 200 healthy controls. Patients with coronary artery disease were diagnosed by angiography as having at least one main coronary artery with more than 50% stenosis. Genotyping of Val109Asp was carried out using a polymerase chain reaction DNA-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Results There was no association between Val109Asp polymorphism and the risk of coronary artery disease in our study population ( p = 0.20). However, when subgroup analysis was performed according to sex, there was a significant difference in the distribution of alleles between groups for men ( p = 0.031, odds ratio = 0.57, 95% confidence interval: 0.35–0.95) but not for women ( p = 0.88, odds ratio = 1.03, 95% confidence interval: 0.66–1.61). Conclusions Our results indicate that the Asp allele of Val109Asp (T allele of rs2274907) is more frequent among men with coronary artery disease than healthy men, so it is possibly a risk factor for coronary artery disease in men only. The difference in association between men and women may be due to the different distribution and metabolism of adipose tissue in men and women. More studies with larger sample sizes and in different populations are required to validate our study results.
The Effect of Postoperative KT-1000 Arthrometer Score on Long-Term Outcome After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Goodwillie Andrew D. , Shah Sarav S. , McHugh Malachy P. , Nicholas Stephen J. 
Published: March 2017

Background:Many long-term studies have looked at outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), but none have correlated long-term outcomes with postoperative laxity greater than 5 mm. It has been stated previously that more than 5 mm of postoperative graft laxity constituted a procedural failure.Purpose:To directly compare tight grafts (<3 mm) and loose grafts (>5 mm) to determine the effect of graft laxity, as measured by KT-1000 arthrometer, after ACLR on long-term clinical outcomes.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.Methods:The study included 171 consecutive patients who had undergone transtibial bone–patellar tendon–bone ACLR between 1992 and 1998. At 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively (the immediate postoperative period), patients were evaluated. Group A included patients with a maximal side-to-side (STS) difference in the immediate postoperative period of less than 3 mm (tight grafts), and group B included patients with a maximal STS difference of greater than 5 mm (loose grafts). Any patient with a history of ipsilateral or contralateral ACLR or ACL injury, meniscectomy, or cartilage restoration was excluded. Patients were prospectively followed to long-term follow-up, when a telephone interview was conducted regarding knee function and to document Lysholm, Tegner, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective outcome scores.Results:Eighty-seven patients met inclusion criteria: 66 tight grafts (group A) and 21 loose grafts (group B). The mean ± SD time to follow-up was 16.3 ± 1.5 years in group A (n = 46) and 16.8 ± 1.3 years in group B (n = 15). Tegner ( P = .77), Lysholm ( P = .85), KOOS ( P = .96), and IKDC ( P = .42) were found to have no statistically significant difference between groups at long-term follow-up. Both Tegner and Lysholm scores significantly improved in tight and loose grafts in the immediate postoperative period as well as at long-term follow-up compared with preoperatively. There were 2 ACL revisions in group A and none in group B. Eleven of 46 patients (24%) in group A required subsequent procedures versus 1 of 15 patients (6.7%) in group B ( P = .146).Conclusion:Postoperative laxity of greater than 5 mm STS difference as measured by KT-1000 arthrometer does not appear to place patients at a worse clinical outcome at long-term follow-up, nor does it lead to significantly more subsequent procedures. In addition, transtibial ACLR can provide excellent clinical results at long-term follow-up.