bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Family-friendly practices, high-performance work practices and work–family balance
Authors: Ronda Lorena , Ollo-López Andrea , Goñi-Legaz Salomé 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to establish to what extent family-friendly practices and high-performance work practices are positively related to work–family balance and to identify the role played by job satisfaction and working hours as mediators of this relationshipDesign/methodology/approachWe use data for a representative sample of almost 17,000 employees of dual-earner couples from European countries. To test the mediation mechanism implied by our hypotheses, we follow the procedure outlined in Baron and Kenny (1986). Given the nature of the dependent variables, ordered probit and regression models were estimated in the analysis.FindingsThe results show that, in general, family-friendly practices and high-performance work practices increase work–family balance and that these positive relationships are partially mediated by job satisfaction and working hours. While both family-friendly practices and high-performance work practices increase job satisfaction, only the first increase working hours. Moreover, job satisfaction increases work–family balance, while working hours reduces it. The net effect of these opposing forces on work–family balance is positive.Research limitations/implicationsThe use of secondary data posits some constraints, such as the type of measures and the failure to control for a higher number of family-friendly practices and high-performance work practices. Additionally, the non-longitudinal nature of the data set implies that some relationships cannot be considered causal in the intended direction.Practical implicationsManagers should implement family-friendly practices and high-performance work practices, as, in general, they increase work–family balance. A significant portion of this positive effect is channeled through job satisfaction and working hours.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to understanding the relationship between different subsets of human-resources management practices and work–family balance, proposing a model that aims to disentangle the mediating mechanisms through which this relationship occurs.
New categories designated as healthcare‐associated and community‐associated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs
Authors: Kasai Tomoko , Saegusa Sanae , Shirai Mitsuyuki , Murakami Masaru , Kato Yukio 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe incidence of MRSP has been increasing, and treatment options in veterinary medicine are limited. Few previous studies of MRSP have described the relationships between the genotypes, phenotypes, and clinical backgrounds of the isolates. To gain insight into the associations between the microbiological and clinical characteristics of MRSP, we analyzed 282 Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from dogs. A total of 195 (69.1%) strains were identified as mecA‐positive MRSP and were classified into mainly two genotypes: SCCmec types III (II‐III) (52.8%) and V (37.4%). SCCmec type III MRSP strains were significantly correlated with hospital admission and antimicrobial therapy of the dogs, and exhibited a homogeneous genotype similar to sequence type 71‐MRSP, which is a globally endemic clone in dogs. In contrast, SCCmec type V MRSP strains were not highly correlated with hospital admission and antimicrobial therapy and exhibited genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Properties of MRSP strains SCCmec types III and V were similar to those of HA‐ and CA‐MRSA, respectively. Therefore, we designated these isolates carrying SCCmec types III and V as HA‐MRSP and CA‐MRSP, respectively. Discrimination between HA‐ and CA‐MRSP by oxacillin MIC will provide useful information for treatment and infection control measures for canine MRSP infections.
Race, prejudice and attitudes toward redistribution: A comparative experimental approach
Authors: HARELL ALLISON , SOROKA STUART , IYENGAR SHANTO 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPast work suggests that support for welfare in the United States is heavily influenced by citizens' racial attitudes. Indeed, the idea that many Americans think of welfare recipients as poor Blacks (and especially as poor Black women) has been a common explanation for Americans’ lukewarm support for redistribution. This article draws on a new online survey experiment conducted with national samples in the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada, designed to extend research on how racialised portrayals of policy beneficiaries affect attitudes toward redistribution. A series of innovative survey vignettes has been designed that experimentally manipulate the ethno‐racial background of beneficiaries for various redistributive programmes. The findings provide, for the first time, cross‐national, cross‐domain and cross‐ethno‐racial extensions of the American literature on the impact of racial cues on support for redistributive policy. The results also demonstrate that race clearly matters for policy support, although its impact varies by context and by the racial group under consideration.
Plant–microbe partnerships in 2020
Authors: Mitter Birgit , Pfaffenbichler Nikolaus , Sessitsch Angela 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe plant holobiont comprises the plant and its associated microbiota, which interact with each other and determine holobiont functioning and plant performance. We have started to understand the complexity of the involved microorganisms and their interactions, however, we need more research on plant–microbiome interactions to understand holobiont functioning. By 2020 we expect that our knowledge on these interactions will have considerably increased facilitating crop management practices based on the interactions of the plant holobiont.
apex: phylogenetics with multiple genes
Authors: Jombart Thibaut , Archer Frederick , Schliep Klaus , Kamvar Zhian , Harris Rebecca , Paradis Emmanuel , Goudet Jérome , Lapp Hilmar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractGenetic sequences of multiple genes are becoming increasingly common for a wide range of organisms including viruses, bacteria and eukaryotes. While such data may sometimes be treated as a single locus, in practice, a number of biological and statistical phenomena can lead to phylogenetic incongruence. In such cases, different loci should, at least as a preliminary step, be examined and analysed separately. The r software has become a popular platform for phylogenetics, with several packages implementing distance‐based, parsimony and likelihood‐based phylogenetic reconstruction, and an even greater number of packages implementing phylogenetic comparative methods. Unfortunately, basic data structures and tools for analysing multiple genes have so far been lacking, thereby limiting potential for investigating phylogenetic incongruence. In this study, we introduce the new r package apex to fill this gap. apex implements new object classes, which extend existing standards for storing DNA and amino acid sequences, and provides a number of convenient tools for handling, visualizing and analysing these data. In this study, we introduce the main features of the package and illustrate its functionalities through the analysis of a simple data set.
Optical coherence tomography angiography versus fluorescein angiography in the diagnosis of ischaemic diabetic maculopathy
Authors: Cennamo Gilda , Romano Mario R. , Nicoletti Giuseppe , Velotti Nunzio , de Crecchio Giuseppe 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography versus fluorescein angiography (FA) in terms of retinal vessel imaging in ischaemic diabetic maculopathy defined according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) classification.MethodsTwenty patients (31 eyes) with ischaemic diabetic maculopathy and 17 control subjects (27 eyes) were enrolled in this prospective study. Patients and control subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination, including best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, FA, Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD‐OCT) and OCT angiography. Fluorescein angiograms and OCT angiography images were graded according to the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) of the ETDRS group. Ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness was evaluated with FD‐OCT.ResultsOptical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography images closely correlated with FA in terms of FAZ parameters. The correlation was strongest with OCT angiography deep imaging. The average GCC thickness was smaller in patients than in controls. Neither GCC parameters nor FAZ was correlated to BCVA.ConclusionsGiven the correlation between FA and OCT angiography in terms of FAZ parameters, the newer method can be considered a valid, reliable and easy‐to‐perform method with which to evaluate ischaemic diabetic maculopathy without contrast injection, and thus to visualize and quantify non‐perfusion areas without risks of anaphylactic reactions.
Variations in genes involved in fat metabolism and their association with ultrasonic and carcass traits in Japanese Black steers
Authors: Jomane Fortune N. , Ishida Takafumi , Tokunaga Tadaaki , Morita Tetsuo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPolymorphisms in genes involved in lipid metabolism have been reported to be associated with fatty acid composition of adipose tissue. However, the relationship of these polymorphisms with premortem ultrasonic traits is unknown. The objective of this study, therefore, was to assess the association between polymorphisms in fatty acid synthase, stearoyl‐coenzyme A desaturase (SCD), sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1 (SREBP1), diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1, and nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, number 3 genes with ultrasonic and carcass traits in Japanese Black steers (n = 300) under progeny testing at the Livestock Improvement Association of Miyazaki. To have a comprehensive analysis of the association between the aforementioned genetic polymorphisms and ultrasonic traits, longitudinal measurements of ultrasonic traits were taken. Furthermore, the association of these genetic polymorphisms and carcass traits was evaluated. The polymorphisms in the SCD gene and SREBP1 were associated (P < 0.05) with some ultrasonic traits at multiple stages. To add to that, the polymorphisms were associated (P < 0.05) with some carcass traits. These findings suggest that the polymorphisms in SCD and SREBP1 are functional mutations or could be related to mutations that can aid in selection to improve some ultrasonic and carcass traits.
Breastfeeding Support in the Early Postpartum: Content of Home Visits in the SILC Trial
Authors: Ridgway Lael , Cramer Rhian , McLachlan Helen L. , Forster Della A. , Cullinane Méabh , Shafiei Touran , Amir Lisa H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe Supporting breastfeeding In Local Communities (SILC) cluster randomized controlled trial evaluated whether a home visit focussed on infant feeding early in the postpartum period increased the percentage of infants breastfeeding at 4 months in low socioeconomic areas of Victoria, Australia. The visits were offered to women identified as at risk of early breastfeeding cessation after discharge home with a new baby. This paper describes the content of the home visits.MethodsSILC visited 1,043 women from September 2012 to March 2013, and completed a data sheet for each visit documenting topics discussed, as well as what support and resources were offered. Frequencies and percentages are presented.ResultsHome visits most commonly included the provision of reassurance to women (91%). Topics discussed included general breastfeeding information (83%), supply and demand (83%), positioning (79%), and feeding frequency (78%). Newborn feeding/behavior (57%), expression of breastmilk (54%), nipple pain (41%), low breastmilk supply (41%), and the use of nipple shields (18%) were also prominent topics. The issues and support needs of women were similar across locations (rural, regional or metropolitan) and regardless of maternal parity or age. There was some variation in the resources suggested in different localities.ConclusionsNew mothers require help and reassurance independent of whether this is their first or subsequent child, reinforcing the need for support, breastfeeding information, and education about normal neonatal behavior. Key aspects of support are reassurance, normalization of infant behavior, and education.
Perceptions of the risks and benefits of Internet access and use by people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Chadwick Darren D. , Quinn Sally , Fullwood Chris 
Published: July 2016

Accessible summary

Both good and bad things can happen when people use the Internet, and people with learning disabilities are not using the Internet as much as other people.

Worry about the bad things that can happen online might be one reason people with learning disabilities are not supported to access the Internet as much as other people.

We wanted to find out what people without learning disabilities believe about these good and bad things for people with learning disabilities.

We wanted to find this out because the way people without disabilities think about the good and bad things online might affect how people with learning disabilities are treated.

We found out that people without learning disabilities think that both the good and bad things are more likely to happen to people with learning disabilities when they use the Internet.

AbstractBackground: Information and communication technologies, with the Internet at the forefront, have the potential to enhance the knowledge, service, employment, development and social interactional opportunities available to people with intellectual disabilities. Despite this, people with intellectual disabilities are not accessing the Internet to the same degree as people without intellectual disabilities. Issues of safety, risk and protection online for people with intellectual disabilities have yet to be adequately investigated, and these currently serve as reasons given for hindering people from gaining online access.Materials and Method: This survey aimed to gauge the views people without intellectual disabilities have of risks and benefits of using the Internet for themselves and for people with intellectual disabilities and to compare self‐ratings of risk and benefits to ratings for people with intellectual disabilities.Results: The survey findings indicate that, with only a small number of exceptions, both the risks and benefits of being online were believed to be greater for people with intellectual disabilities compared with those without intellectual disabilities. Greater use of the Internet was associated with increased perception of benefits to being online for both people with intellectual disabilities and for participants.Conclusions: Perceptions of increased benefits suggest more needs to be performed to improve online access whilst a perception of increased risk may help to explain the reduced inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities in the online world.
Structure and function of neuromuscular junction, centered on muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase and related proteins
Authors: Takamori Masaharu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMuscle‐specific tyrosine kinase (MuSK) is uniquely positioned as a key protein in the neuromuscular junction, particularly in relation to acetylcholine receptor (AChR) clustering in the postsynaptic membrane, and pre‐ and postsynaptic differentiations. The present review focuses on the functional mechanisms in the neuromuscular junction structures centered on MuSK and related proteins. (i) The Wnt non‐canonical pathway through the Wnt/MuSK cysteine‐rich domain (coreceptor: low‐density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein 4 [Lrp4])/Dishevelled (scaffolding protein) signaling; this localizes aneural microclusters of AChR at the central part of the postsynaptic membrane in parallel with axonal guidance, and converges on the neural agrin/Lrp4/MuSK immunoglobulin‐like domains 1 and 2 (Ig 1/2 domains) pathway to form innervated full‐sized AChR clusters. (ii) The presynaptic homeostasis (upregulation of acetylcholine release) compensates postsynaptic impairments by the fast‐mode of endocytosis in the nerve terminal and the trans‐synaptic retrograde signals including Wnt‐MuSK cysteine‐rich domain canonical pathway (including β‐catenin), Lrp4 and laminin β2. (iii) The extracellular matrix contributive to the neuromuscular junction formation and maintenance includes collagen Q, perlecan, biglycan and dystroglycans; collagen Q and biglycan link to MuSK (first and second immunoglobulin‐like domains and cysteine‐rich domain) and acetylcholinesterase on one hand and to the intracellular cytoskeleton through dystroglycans on the other hand, so that MuSK participates in not only AChR clustering at the muscle surface and acetylcholinesterase‐controlled muscle membrane sensitivity to acetylcholine, but also the postsynaptic stability reinforced by cytoskeletal dynamics; the laminin network including muscle agrin also contributes to synaptic stability through dystroglycans; the agrin‐enhanced phosphorylation of cortactin promotes cytoskeletal dynamics to stabilize AChR clusters; the interaction of neuregulin 1 with the receptor tyrosine kinase of EGF receptor family (ErbB receptor) contributes to the postsynaptic stabilization and also MuSK phosphorylation leading to AChR clustering. (iv) The muscle contractile mechanisms are controlled by release and restoration of the sarcoplasmic Ca2+ being mediated through the receptor and channel proteins. Insight into these fine structures will foster further immunological approaches to search for new antigenic targets and to enhance antibody detection in myasthenia gravis.
Three‐dimensional assessment of crestal bone levels at titanium implants with different abutment microstructures and insertion depths using micro‐computed tomography
Authors: Becker Kathrin , Klitzsch Inka , Stauber Martin , Schwarz Frank 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo (i) assess the impact of insertion depth and abutment microstructure on the three‐dimensional crestal bone‐level changes at endosseous titanium implant using μCT and computerized image processing and (ii) to correlate the findings with previously reported histology.Material & MethodsTitanium implants (conical abutment connection) were inserted in each hemimandible of n = 6 foxhounds with the implant shoulder (IS) located either in epicrestal (0 mm), supracrestal (+1 mm) or subcrestal (−1 mm) positions and randomly (split‐mouth design) connected with machined or partially micro‐grooved healing abutments. At 20 weeks, the tissue biopsies were processed for μCT and histological (HI) analyses. The volumetric dehiscence profile around the implants was computed as distance between the implant shoulder (IS) and the most coronal bone‐to‐implant contact (CBI) using MATLAB. The respective buccal and oral values were averaged, and agreement with the respective IS‐CBI scores from HI was assessed using Bland–Altman plots.ResultsA median net bone gain was observed for supracrestal insertion depths at both abutment types, but lower bounds of the 75% quartile experienced net bone losses. Epicrestal and subcrestal insertion depths were linked to slight bone losses, and the buccal and oral dehiscences were smaller compared to supracrestal positioning. Bland–Altman plots yielded a moderate agreement of IS‐CBI values measured with μCT and HI.ConclusionThe novel image processing method allowed reliable evaluations and pointed to a direct impact of insertion depths on crestal bone‐level changes. Additionally, it demonstrated that HI morphometry crucially depends on the chosen cutting position.
In vivo assessment of cytological changes by means of reflectance confocal microscopy – demonstration of the effect of topical vitamin E on skin irritation caused by sodium lauryl sulfate
Authors: Casari Alice , Farnetani Francesca , De Pace Barbara , Losi Amanda , Pittet Jean‐Christophe , Pellacani Giovanni , Longo Caterina 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundIrritant contact dermatitis is caused by skin barrier damage. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that is commonly used in cosmetics to prevent photo‐damage.ObjectivesTo show the usefulness of reflectance confocal microscopy in the assessment of irritant skin damage caused by sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and of the protective action of vitamin E applied prior to skin irritation.MethodsTen healthy volunteers were enrolled. Irritation was induced by the application of a patch test containing SLS 5% aq. for 24 h. Three sites were compared: one site on which a product with vitamin E was applied before SLS treatment, one site on which the same product was applied after SLS treatment, and one control site (SLS only). Each site was evaluated with reflectance confocal microscopy, providing in vivo tissue images at nearly histological resolution. We also performed a computerized analysis of the VivaStack® images.ResultsReflectance confocal microscopy is able to identify signs of skin irritation and the preventive effect of vitamin E application.ConclusionReflectance confocal microscopy is useful in the objective assessment of irritative skin damage.
The enzymatic and physiological response of the microbial community in semiarid soil to carbon compounds from plants
Authors: Torres I. F. , García C. , Ruiz‐Navarro A. , Hernández T. , Bastida F. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryCellulose and lignin are major carbon polymers derived from plants and constitute a main source of energy and nutrients for soil microorganisms. In semiarid soil, however, the transformation of organic matter is limited by climatic conditions (mean annual rainfall of less than 300 mm and hot summers) and the small microbial biomass. In the present study, 75 µg C g−1 soil of both cellulose and lignin were added to two semiarid soil types: Calcaric Regosol and Haplic Calcisol, called Abanilla and Santomera, respectively, from their locations. These soils contained different amounts of total organic C (5 g kg−1for the Abanilla soil and 12 g kg−1 for the Santomera soil), which are related to differences in soil quality. Soil enzyme activities, such as cellulase, β‐glucosidase, polyphenol oxidase, lipase, catalase, phosphomonoesterase and urease, respiration and community‐level physiological profiles (CLPPs) were analysed in both soil types after the addition of cellulose and lignin. Abanilla, the more degraded soil, showed a notable response to the addition of cellulose and lignin from the first day of incubation, with an increase in almost all enzyme activities cited above. For example, cellulose activity reached almost 45 µg glucose g−1 hour−1 in cellulose‐amended soil and approximately 30 µg glucose g−1 hour−1 in the control soil. Moreover, more catabolic diversity was observed in the community‐level physiological profile (CLPP) after addition of cellulose and lignin than in the control soil. The biochemical response of the microbial community of Santomera soil was slower than that in the Abanilla soil. Furthermore, the larger catabolic diversity (H) of Abanilla than Santomera soil (H = 3.24, H = 2.66, respectively) on the first day of incubation, measured by the community‐level physiological profile (CLPP), suggests that the microbial community of semiarid soil without vegetation has the potential to degrade cellulose and lignin.Highlights

We elucidate responsiveness of the microbial community to cellulose and lignin in semiarid soil.
The connections between enzyme activities and physiological capabilities of carbon‐amended soil are explored.
More degraded soil was more sensitive to the addition of lignin and cellulose.
Soil without plant cover for a long time does not lose its potential to respond to organic inputs.