bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chromium removal from aqueous solution by a PEI-silica nanocomposite
Authors: Choi Keunsu , Lee Soonjae , Park Jin Ock , Park Jeong-Ann , Cho So-Hye , Lee Seung Yong , Lee Jun Hee , Choi Jae-Woo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt is essential and important to determine the adsorption mechanism as well as removal efficiency when using an adsorption technique to remove toxic heavy metals from wastewater. In this research, the removal efficiency and mechanism of chromium removal by a silica-based nanoparticle were investigated. A PEI-silica nanoparticle was synthesized by a one-pot technique and exhibited uniformly well-dispersed PEI polymers in silica particles. The adsorption capacity of chromium ions was determined by a batch adsorption test, with the PEI-silica nanoparticle having a value of 183.7 mg/g and monolayer sorption. Adsorption of chromium ions was affected by the solution pH and altered the nanoparticle surface chemically. First principles calculations of the adsorption energies for the relevant adsorption configurations and XPS peaks of Cr and N showed that Cr(VI), [HCrO4]− is reduced to two species, Cr(III), CrOH2+ and Cr3+, by an amine group and that Cr(III) and Cr(VI) ions are adsorbed on different functional groups, oxidized N and NH3+.
The role of angiopoietin-like protein 4 in phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy
Authors: Sun Yu , Li Yi , Liu Chen , Xue Ruicong , Dong Bin , Huang Huiling , Peng Longyun , Liu Jun , Dong Yugang 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) is a multifunctional secreted protein that can be induced by fasting, hypoxia and glucocorticoids. ANGPTL4 has been associated with a variety of diseases; however, the role of ANGPTL4 in cardiac hypertrophy remains poorly understood. In our study, we aimed to explore the effect of ANGPTL4 on phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Our results showed that knockdown of ANGPTL4 expression significantly exacerbated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, as demonstrated by increased hypertrophic marker expression, including ANP and cell surface area. Moreover, significantly reduced fatty acid oxidation, as featured by decreased CPT-1 levels, was observed in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes following ANGPTL4 down-regulation. Furthermore, knockdown of ANGPLT4 led to down-regulated expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), which is the key regulator of cardiac fatty acid oxidation. In addition, ANGPTL4 silencing promoted the activation of JNK1/2, and JNK1/2 signaling blockade could restore the level of PPARα and significantly ameliorate the ANGPTL4 knockdown-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Therefore, our study demonstrated that ANGPTL4 regulates PPARα through JNK1/2 signaling and is required for the inhibition of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.
Galactic cold cores
Authors: Juvela M. , Malinen J. , Montillaud J. , Pelkonen V.-M. , Ristorcelli I. , Tóth L. V. 
Published: January 2018

Context. The Galactic Cold Cores (GCC) project has made Herschel photometric observations of interstellar clouds where Planck detected compact sources of cold dust emission. The fields are in different environments and stages of star formation.
Aims. Our aim is to characterise the structure of the clumps and their parent clouds, and to study the connections between the environment and the formation of gravitationally bound objects. We also examine the accuracy to which the structure of dense clumps can be determined from sub-millimetre data.
Methods. We use standard statistical methods to characterise the GCC fields. Individual clumps are extracted using column density thresholding. Based on sub-millimetre measurements, we construct a three-dimensional radiative transfer (RT) model for each field. These are used to estimate the relative radiation field intensities, to probe the clump stability, and to examine the uncertainty of column density estimates. We examine the structural parameters of the clumps, including their radial column density profiles.
Results. In the GCC fields, the structure noise follows the relations previously established at larger scales and in lower-density clouds. The fractal dimension has no significant dependence on column density and the values DP = 1.25 ± 0.07 are only slightly lower than in typical molecular clouds. The column density probability density functions (PDFs) exhibit large variations, for example, in the case of externally compressed clouds. At scales r > 0.1 pc, the radial column density distributions of the clouds follow an average relation of N ~ r−1. In spite of a great variety of clump morphologies (and a typical aspect ratio of 1.5), clumps tend to follow a similar N ~ r−1 relation below r ~ 0.1 pc. RT calculations indicate only factor 2.5 variation in the local radiation field intensity. The fraction of gravitationally bound clumps increases significantly in regions with AV > 5 mag but most bound objects appear to be pressure-confined.
Conclusions. The host clouds of the cold clumps in the GCC sample have statistical properties similar to general molecular clouds. The gravitational stability, peak column density, and clump orientation are connected to the cloud background while most other statistical clump properties (e.g. DP and radial profiles) are insensitive to the environment. The study of clump morphology should be continued with a comparison with numerical simulations.
Interaction between a pulsating jet and a surrounding disk wind
Authors: Tabone B. , Raga A. , Cabrit S. , Pineau des Forêts G. 
Published: January 2018

Context. The molecular richness of fast protostellar jets within 20–100 au of their source, despite strong ultraviolet irradiation, remains a challenge for the models investigated so far. Aim.We aim to investigate the effect of interaction between a time-variable jet and a surrounding steady disk wind, to assess the possibility of jet chemical enrichement by the wind, and the characteristic signatures of such a configuration.
Methods. We have constructed an analytic model of a jet bow shock driven into a surrounding slower disk wind in the thin shell approximation. The refilling of the post bow shock cavity from below by the disk wind is also studied. An extension of the model to the case of two or more successive internal working surfaces (IWS) is made. We then compared this analytic model with numerical simulations with and without a surrounding disk wind.
Results. We find that at early times (of order the variability period), jet bow shocks travel in refilled pristine disk wind material, before interacting with the cocoon of older bow shocks. This opens the possibility of bow shock chemical enrichment (if the disk wind is molecular and dusty) and of probing the unperturbed disk wind structure near the jet base. Several distinctive signatures of the presence of a surrounding disk wind are identified, in the bow shock morphology and kinematics. Numerical simulations validate our analytical approach and further show that at large scale, the passage of many jet IWS inside a disk wind produces a stationary V-shaped cavity, closing down onto the axis at a finite distance from the source.
Design and Implementation of a Visual Analytics Electronic Antibiogram within an Electronic Health Record System at a Tertiary Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Simpao Allan , Ahumada Luis , Larru Martinez Beatriz , Cardenas Ana , Metjian Talene , Sullivan Kaede , Gálvez Jorge , Desai Bimal , Rehman Mohamed , Gerber Jeffrey 
Published: January 2018

Background Hospitals use antibiograms to guide optimal empiric antibiotic therapy, reduce inappropriate antibiotic usage, and identify areas requiring intervention by antimicrobial stewardship programs. Creating a hospital antibiogram is a time-consuming manual process that is typically performed annually.
Objective We aimed to apply visual analytics software to electronic health record (EHR) data to build an automated, electronic antibiogram (“e-antibiogram”) that adheres to national guidelines and contains filters for patient characteristics, thereby providing access to detailed, clinically relevant, and up-to-date antibiotic susceptibility data.
Methods We used visual analytics software to develop a secure, EHR-linked, condition- and patient-specific e-antibiogram that supplies susceptibility maps for organisms and antibiotics in a comprehensive report that is updated on a monthly basis. Antimicrobial susceptibility data were grouped into nine clinical scenarios according to the specimen source, hospital unit, and infection type. We implemented the e-antibiogram within the EHR system at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, a tertiary pediatric hospital and analyzed e-antibiogram access sessions from March 2016 to March 2017.
Results The e-antibiogram was implemented in the EHR with over 6,000 inpatient, 4,500 outpatient, and 3,900 emergency department isolates. The e-antibiogram provides access to rolling 12-month pathogen and susceptibility data that is updated on a monthly basis. E-antibiogram access sessions increased from an average of 261 sessions per month during the first 3 months of the study to 345 sessions per month during the final 3 months.
Conclusion An e-antibiogram that was built and is updated using EHR data and adheres to national guidelines is a feasible replacement for an annual, static, manually compiled antibiogram. Future research will examine the impact of the e-antibiogram on antibiotic prescribing patterns.
Improving Perinatology Residents' Skills in Breaking Bad News: A Randomized Intervention Study
Authors: Setubal Maria Silvia Vellutini , Antonio Maria Ângela Reis Goes Monteiro , Amaral Eliana Martorano , Boulet John 
Published: January 2018

Objective Breaking bad news (BBN) is particularly difficult in perinatology. Previous research has shown that BBN skills can be learned and improved when taught and practiced. This project evaluated whether a structured training session would enhance perinatology residents' skills in BBN.
Methods This was a randomized controlled intervention study with year 1 to 4 Perinatology residents from a medical school in Brazil, during the 2014/15 school year. A total of 61 out of 100 (61%) eligible residents volunteered to a structured training program involving communicating a perinatal loss to a simulated patient (SP) portraying the mother followed by the SP's immediate feedback, both video recorded. Later, residents were randomly assigned to BBN training based on a setting, perception, invitation, knowledge, emotion and summary (SPIKES) strategy with video reviews (intervention) or no training (control group). All residents returned for a second simulation with the same SP blinded to the intervention and portraying a similar case. Residents' performances were then evaluated by the SP with a checklist. The statistical analysis included a repeated measures analysis of covariance (RM-ANCOVA). Complementarily, the residents provided their perceptions about the simulation with feedback activities.
Results Fifty-eight residents completed the program. The simulations lasted on average 12 minutes, feedback 5 minutes and SPIKES training between 1h and 2h30m. There was no significant difference in the residents' performances according to the SPs' evaluations (p = 0.55). The participants rated the simulation with feedback exercises highly. These educational activities might have offset SPIKES training impact.
Conclusion The SPIKES training did not significantly impact the residents' performance. The residents endorsed the simulation with feedback as a useful training modality. Further research is needed to determine which modality is more effective.
Alterstraumazentrum – Warum? Was bedeutet das für die Struktur?
Authors: Förch Stefan , Mayr Edgar 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungDie aktuelle Bevölkerungsentwicklung mit gestiegener Lebenserwartung und zunehmender Überalterung der Bevölkerung ist eine der größten Herausforderungen in der Medizin allgemein und ganz speziell auch in der Unfallchirurgie. Diese Entwicklung ist keineswegs abgeschlossen, sondern wird sich in Zukunft noch fortsetzen. Um die Behandlung von geriatrischen Patienten mit Frakturen zu optimieren, werden nicht nur in Deutschland immer mehr Alterstraumazentren gebildet. In diesen spezialisierten Zentren soll nicht nur die operative Behandlung an die sog. „fragility fractures“ angepasst werden, sondern vielmehr der Patient mit allen seinen Komorbiditäten in einem interdisziplinären Gesamtkonzept therapiert werden. Dies erfordert neben dem interdisziplinären Team aus Unfallchirurgen, Geriatern, spezialisierter Pflege, Physio-, Ergotherapie und Sozialdienst auch entsprechende strukturelle Voraussetzungen wie z. B. gemeinsame Visiten und Besprechungen oder angepasste Patientenzimmer, Therapie- und Gruppenräume. Auch wenn bis dato keine harte Evidenz vorliegt, zeigen sich in den vorliegenden Studien zunehmend die Vorteile von Alterstraumazentren gegenüber der konventionellen rein unfallchirurgischen Behandlung z. B. in Hinblick auf Komplikationen, Krankenhausmortalität oder das funktionelle Outcome.
Frakturen des Fußes beim älteren Patienten – was ist anders?
Authors: Ochman Sabine , Raschke Michael 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungIm Gegensatz zu Frakturen des oberen Sprunggelenkes sind Frakturen des Fußes keine typischen Verletzungen des älteren Patienten. Die aktuelle Literatur liefert nur wenige Erkenntnisse über die Besonderheiten oder Unterschiede zum jüngeren Patienten. Dennoch sind Verletzungen des Fußes nicht selten in dieser Altersgruppe, zum einen bedingt durch Risikofaktoren wie eine osteoporotische Knochenstruktur und Sturzneigung, zum anderen bedingt durch den mittlerweile hohen Aktivitätslevel der Patienten. Die Behandlung stellt aufgrund der oftmals kompromittierten Weichteilverhältnisse, der schlechten Knochenqualität, vorbestehender Deformitäten sowie degenerativer Veränderungen und der häufig nicht einzuhaltenden Teilbelastung im Rahmen der Behandlung eine Herausforderung dar. Im Gegensatz zum jüngeren Patienten finden sich beim älteren andere Frakturmorphologien sowie therapeutisch andere Gesichtspunkte aufgrund von Komorbiditäten. Wie auch beim jungen Patienten steht die Wiederherstellung der Funktion und Mobilität an oberster Stelle des therapeutischen Regimes.
Critical Care EEG: Möglichkeiten und Limitationen
Authors: Koren Johannes , Herta Johannes , Baumgartner Christoph 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungUnklare quantitative und qualitative Bewusstseinsstörungen, nicht-konvulsive Anfälle und Status epileptici sowie Sedierungs- und Therapiemanagement sind Indikationen für die Anwendung von kontinuierlichem EEG Monitoring auf der Intensivstation. Durch technologische und wissenschaftliche Fortschritte gewinnt das Neuromonitoring mittels EEG bei intensivpflichtigen Patienten in den letzten Jahren immer mehr an Bedeutung und kommt immer häufiger zur Anwendung. Aufgrund des hohen personellen und technischen Aufwandes, in Zeiten begrenzter Ressourcen, ist ein pragmatisches Vorgehen bei der Indikationsstellung notwendig. Dies gilt v. a. auf neurologischen Intensivstationen, wo metabolische, ischämische, entzündliche, traumatische und strukturelle Hirnschädigungen besonders oft eine differenzialdiagnostische Abklärung mittels EEG verlangen. Im Rahmen dieses Artikels soll die aktuelle Literatur, wie auch wichtige pathologische EEG Muster anhand von Beispielen übersichtlich dargestellt werden.
Factors affecting occlusion pressure and ischemic preconditioning
Authors: Brown Henry , Binnie Martyn J. , Dawson Brian , Bullock Nicola , Scott Brendan R. , Peeling Peter 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurpose: To determine the effect of limb selection (upper/lower), cuff width (small (6 cm)/medium (13 cm) upper; medium/large (18 cm) lower) and anthropometry on arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) in ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Methods: Twenty athletes (10 females and 10 males) had surface anthropometry and dual x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) assessments before using Doppler ultrasound to confirm AOP for each limb. Subsequently, 5 min of occlusion occurred, with near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) measuring muscle oxygenation changes. Resultant AOP was compared between sexes, limbs and cuff sizes using linear regression models. Results: Mean AOP was higher in the lower limbs than the upper limbs (161 ± 18 vs. 133 ± 12 mm Hg; p < .001), and with smaller cuffs in upper (161 ± 16 vs. 133 ± 12 mm Hg; p < .001), but not lower limbs (161 ± 16 vs. 170 ± 26 mm Hg; p = .222). Sex and resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) accounted for 77% (small cuff) to 83% (medium cuff) of variance in AOP for upper limbs, and 61% (medium cuff) to 63% (large cuff) in lower limbs. Including anthropometry accounted for 82% (small cuff) to 89% (medium cuff) and 78% (medium cuff) to 79% (large cuff) of variance for upper and lower limbs, respectively. Adding DXA variables improved the explained variance up to 83% (small cuff) to 91% (medium cuff) and 79% (medium cuff) to 87% (large cuff) for upper and lower limbs, respectively. NIRS data showed significantly greater tissue oxygenation changes in upper versus lower limbs. Conclusions: The AOP in athletes is dependent on limb occluded, sex, SBP, limb and cuff size, and body composition.
Daily Communal Coping in Couples With Type 2 Diabetes: Links to Mood and Self-Care
Authors: Zajdel Melissa , Helgeson Vicki S , Seltman Howard J , Korytkowski Mary T , Hausmann Leslie R M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Adjusting to the challenges of a chronic illness does not affect patients alone but also influences social network members—most notably spouses. One interpersonal framework of coping with a chronic illness is communal coping, described as when a problem is appraised as joint and the couple collaborates to manage the problem.

Purpose
We sought to determine whether daily communal coping was linked to daily mood and self-care behavior and examined one potential mechanism that may explain these links: perceived emotional responsiveness.

Methods
Patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes less than 5 years ago and their spouses (n = 123) completed a daily diary questionnaire that assessed communal coping and mood for 14 consecutive days. The patients also reported daily self-care behaviors. We used multilevel modeling to examine the links of communal coping to patient and spouse mood and patient self-care. Because both patients and spouses reported their mood, the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) was employed to examine mood.

Results
Multilevel APIM showed that actor communal coping was associated with lower depressed mood, higher happy mood, and lower angry mood and partner communal coping was linked to higher happy mood. Patient communal coping was related to better dietary and medication adherence, and spouse communal coping was linked to better medication adherence. Perceived emotional responsiveness partially mediated the relations of communal coping to mood but not to self-care behaviors.

Conclusions
Communal coping on a daily basis may help both patients and spouses adjust psychologically to the illness as well as enhance patient self-care behaviors.
Phylogenetic profiling, an untapped resource for the prediction of secreted proteins and its complementation with sequence-based classifiers in bacterial type III, IV and VI secretion systems
Authors: Zalguizuri Andrés , Caetano-Anollés Gustavo , Lepek Viviana Claudia 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In the establishment and maintenance of the interaction between pathogenic or symbiotic bacteria with a eukaryotic organism, protein substrates of specialized bacterial secretion systems called effectors play a critical role once translocated into the host cell. Proteins are also secreted to the extracellular medium by free-living bacteria or directly injected into other competing organisms to hinder or kill. In this work, we explore an approach based on the evolutionary dependence that most of the effectors maintain with their specific secretion system that analyzes the co-occurrence of any orthologous protein group and their corresponding secretion system across multiple genomes. We compared and complemented our methodology with sequence-based machine learning prediction tools for the type III, IV and VI secretion systems. Finally, we provide the predictive results for the three secretion systems in 1606 complete genomes at http://www.iib.unsam.edu.ar/orgsissec/.
Defining the Intrinsic Cardiac Risks of Operations to Improve Preoperative Cardiac Risk Assessments
Authors: Liu Jason B. , Liu Yaoming , Cohen Mark E. , Ko Clifford Y. , Sweitzer Bobbie J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Current preoperative cardiac risk stratification practices group operations into broad categories, which might inadequately consider the intrinsic cardiac risks of individual operations. We sought to define the intrinsic cardiac risks of individual operations and to demonstrate how grouping operations might lead to imprecise estimates of perioperative cardiac risk.

Methods
Elective operations (based on Common Procedural Terminology codes) performed from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2015 at hospitals participating in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program were studied. A composite measure of perioperative adverse cardiac events was defined as either cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation or acute myocardial infarction. Operations’ intrinsic cardiac risks were derived from mixed-effects models while controlling for patient mix. Resultant risks were sorted into low-, intermediate-, and high-risk categories, and the most commonly performed operations within each category were identified. Intrinsic operative risks were also examined using a representative grouping of operations to portray within-group variation.

Results
Sixty-six low, 30 intermediate, and 106 high intrinsic cardiac risk operations were identified. Excisional breast biopsy had the lowest intrinsic cardiac risk (overall rate, 0.01%; odds ratio, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.25) relative to the average, whereas aorto-bifemoral bypass grafting had the highest (overall rate, 4.1%; odds ratio, 6.61; 95% CI, 5.54 to 7.90). There was wide variation in the intrinsic cardiac risks of operations within the representative grouping (median odds ratio, 1.40; interquartile range, 0.88 to 2.17).

Conclusions
A continuum of intrinsic cardiac risk exists among operations. Grouping operations into broad categories inadequately accounts for the intrinsic cardiac risk of individual operations.