bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a portable non-mydriatic fundus camera for “rule-out papilledema” consultations: A prospective study
Authors: Shah Paras P. , Gelnick Samuel M. , Zhu Daniel , Winokur Jules A. , Dua Prachi , Pomeranz Howard D. , Perera Thomas , Gorski Matthew G. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose Ophthalmology is frequently consulted to “rule-out papilledema.” We assessed the efficacy of a portable, non-mydriatic fundus camera in detecting optic disc edema in the inpatient and emergency room settings during “rule-out papilledema” consultations, comparing to the gold standard dilated fundus examination (DFE). Methods This prospective, blinded, cohort study included 124 non-mydriatic fundus photographs (62 patients) that were obtained over the 11-month enrollment period. The images, along with a brief clinical history, were evaluated independently by an attending neuro-ophthalmologist (NO), general ophthalmologist (GO), emergency room (ER) physician, and ophthalmology resident (OR), for the presence of disc edema and indication for consultation. Results were compared to DFE. Sensitivity, specificity, and area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were determined to evaluate the efficacy of the camera. Results On DFE, disc edema was present in 51 eyes (41.1%). Compared to DFE, NO assessment had the greatest combined sensitivity (84.3%) and specificity (97.3%) for the detection of disc edema, followed by that of GO (sensitivity 77.4%, specificity 100%), OR (sensitivity 96.1%, specificity 80.8%), and ER clinician (sensitivity 68.6%, specificity 89.0%). Areas under ROC curves for NO, GO, OR, and ER physician were all statistically significant for the detection of disc edema (0.908, P < 0.001; 0.892, P < 0.001; 0.885, P < 0.001; 0.788, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusion Clinicians were able to correctly identify optic disc edema using non-mydriatic fundus photography. Non-mydriatic fundus photography may be an effective inpatient or telemedicine tool to assess for optic disc edema.
A Risk Tool for Evaluating Overuse Injury and Return-to-Play Time Periods in Youth and Collegiate Athletes: Preliminary Study
Authors: Schley Stacey , Buser Anna , Render Ally , Ramirez Mario E. , Truong Caleb , Easley Kirk A. , Shenvi Neeta , Jayanthi Neeru 
Published: October 2024

Background: Overuse injuries in youth athletes are associated with risks, including sports specialization, biological maturation, female sex, and workload measures. As no assessment tool exists to evaluate risk accumulation, we developed a novel risk factor scoring system (Sport Training Assessment of Risk [STAR]) to assess participants’ risk of overuse injury and explore association with return-to-play (RTP) time periods. Hypothesis: (1) STAR will reach an acceptable predictive threshold in the assessment of overuse injury in youth athletes. (2) Higher STAR scores will be associated with increased RTP time periods after injury. Study Design: Longitudinal cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Youth athletes with an injury sustained during competitive sport completed questionnaires. Association of questionnaire variables with injury risk type was evaluated via logistic regression analyses, and unweighted and weighted versions of a total risk score were developed. RTP was defined by physician clearance per electronic medical record review. Mantel-Haenszel chi-square tests and Kendall’s rank correlation coefficients were used to assess the relationship between weighted total risk score and RTP time periods. The weighted STAR model was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The weighted STAR model trended toward an acceptable level of prediction for overuse (nonserious + serious) injury (area under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.61-0.71), but was less predictive for serious overuse injury (AUC, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.55-0.71). Weighted total risk score was weakly associated with return to full play (ρ = 0.11; P < 0.01), and potentially with return to modified play (ρ = -0.08; P = 0.04). Conclusion: STAR may be a feasible tool for assessing overuse injury risk and RTP time periods in youth athletes but requires further development, as it did not reach an acceptable predictive threshold in this preliminary study. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians can use STAR to assess overuse injury risk in youth athletes.
Effectiveness of two different exergaming systems in addition to conventional treatment for physical therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis: A study protocol for a multicenter, assessor-blind, 24-week, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Alba-Rueda Alvaro , Lucena-Anton David , De Miguel-Rubio Amaranta 
Published: October 2024

Objectives The main aim is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of two specific exergaming systems in addition to conventional treatment on improving physical functional capacity, balance, muscle strength, spasticity in lower limbs, and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. The secondary aim is to compare the effectiveness of each exergaming system to isolated conventional treatment. Design A multicenter, assessor-blind, 24-week, randomized controlled trial. Methods 39 patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis will be allocated to three groups. A control group will perform a conventional treatment based on daily routine activities and/or combined training, whereas the experimental groups will be randomly divided to develop an active videogame-based exercise program through Nintendo Ring Fit Adventure© or Nintendo Wii Fit©, in addition to the conventional treatment. Study outcomes will be assessed at baseline and at 12 and 24 weeks. One-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests will be used to analyze differences between groups at baseline and mixed ANOVA for differences between-within groups over time. Discussion The findings from this evidence-based trial, which includes both Nintendo© active videogames, could potentially establish exergame training as a valuable and reliable therapeutic tool for neurorehabilitation. It is essential to consider the customization, specifically in our case, on each multiple sclerosis condition, and ensure patients’ adherence to the treatment.
Utility of a high-intensity interval training app as a remote exercise support strategy in children with obesity: An exploratory study of adherence, effect, and perceptions of its use
Authors: de Freitas Fábio , Antônio Maria Ângela , Zago Mariana R , Zambon Mariana , Videira-Silva António 
Published: October 2024

Objective This study aimed to explore the utility of a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) app as a remote exercise support strategy in children with obesity through assessing adherence, possible effects on obesity-related outcomes, and perceptions of its use to support counseling and improve the treatment of children with obesity. Methods Thirty-seven children (94.6% with obesity; 45.9% girls), with a mean age of 10.4 (±1.8) years and a mean body mass index (BMI) z-score of 3.31 (±1.09) were recruited to use the app during 6 weeks. Assessments were performed at baseline, 6 (end of intervention), and 12 weeks (follow up). Results Thirty-two (86.3%) participants completed both intervention and follow-up assessments and were analyzed. On average, children used the HIIT app 2.5 times per week (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.9 to 3.0), with the highest perceived exertion of 4.1 (95% CI: 3.6 to 4.5). No over-time differences were found in body composition, physical activity, screen time, sleep duration, or water intake after the intervention; however, an over-time decrease in sugary beverages intake (Δ−0.9, 95% CI: −1.6 to −0.1, p = .019). No differences in body composition were found at follow up. Although none of the children or parents perceived impairments in nutritional behavior, general wellbeing, or fitness as a consequence of intervention, most children (64.5%), but not parents, perceived improvements in nutritional behavior and general wellbeing. Conclusion Although feasible, the 6-week effect of HIIT app use is modest or absent regarding body composition, movement, and nutritional behavior change, probably due to its low volume. More studies are needed to explore the utility of HIIT apps as a remote exercise support strategy for children with obesity further.
Interstitial lung diseases: an epidemiological overview
Authors: Demedts M. , Wells A.U. , Antó J.M. , Costabel U. , Hubbard R. , Cullinan P. , Slabbynck H. , Rizzato G. , Poletti V. , Verbeken E.K. , Thomeer M.J. , Kokkarinen J. , Dalphin J.C. , Newman Taylor A. 
Published: October 2024

Epidemiological studies on interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) may be schematically subdivided into the following major types: 1) quantifications of disease, broken down into incidence, prevalence and mortality data; 2) identification of aetiological factors; and 3) clinical epidemiological studies. Epidemiological data may be obtained from different sources or population groups, using different study designs such as systematic national statistics, population-based data and registries, and large case series of specific diseases.Differences in results between epidemiological studies may be due to real differences in incidence, but may also be due to changes in disease definitions and classifications, differences in the epidemiological design of the studies, or even registration bias.Comparative epidemiological data of different ILDs are almost limited to the general population study in Bernalillo County and to national mortality statistics, which should be interpreted with great caution. Also, some, mostly national registries of the different ILDs have been carried out by specific medical profession groups (especially pulmonologists), which clearly underestimate the real incidence of ILDs, but in which the comparison of the relative frequencies is probably accurate. Based on all these comparative studies, sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis appear to be the most frequent ILDs, followed by hypersensitivity pneumonitis and ILD in collagen vascular disease, when classical pneumoconioses are not included. There is also a relatively large group of nonspecific fibrosis.Much more data have been published on the epidemiology of specific forms of interstitial lung disease. Most information is available on the epidemiology of sarcoidosis, and those data are probably the most accurate. Data on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have the disadvantage of the recent changes in definition and classification of this disease. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis has been studied epidemiologically, especially in some exposure groups such as farmers and pigeon breeders, and in some regions in North America, UK, France and Scandinavia. Estimates of frequencies of interstitial lung disease in collagen vascular disease or of drug-induced interstitial lung disease are less accurate and more variable, depending on diagnostic criteria. Notwithstanding the aforementioned problems, this report tries to provide a balanced overview of the epidemiology of different interstitial lung diseases.
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: du Bois R.M. , Wells A.U. 
Published: October 2024

Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA), synonymous with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), remains a life-threatening disease: 50% of patients die within 5 yrs. Historically, many diseases that are now considered to be quite distinct have been “labelled” as CFA. More recently, high-resolution computed tomography and new appreciation of the histopathological patterns of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias have enabled disease variants to be defined according to their different responses to therapy and survival.CFA is believed to be induced by an external agent, although it is not clear whether CFA represents the final common outcome of numerous pathogenetic mechanisms or has a single cause. In addition, there are currently no prospective double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of treatment showing superiority of one drug regimen over another.This review attempts to dissect the different patterns of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, illustrate the major features of each, and refine the clinico-radiological-pathological descriptors that together define cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis as it is understood today.
Sarcoidosis: clinical update
Authors: Costabel U. 
Published: October 2024

Many advances have been made regarding sarcoidosis in the past 2 decades. As a result, sarcoidosis is now defined as a multisystem disorder with a heightened cellular immune response at sites of disease activity in patients with a predisposition for sarcoidosis and a presumed exposure to as yet unknown transmissible environmental agents.Recent International Consensus Statement recommendations regarding diagnosis and therapy have been published. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis is based on a compatible clinical and/or radiological picture, histological evidence of noncaseating granulomas and exclusion of other diseases capable of producing a similar histological or clinical picture.Therapy is based on corticosteroids, although there are indications of valuable alternatives. Except for life- and sight-threatening organ involvement, it should be carefully considered whether the patient might benefit from treatment. For asymptomatic pulmonary sarcoidosis, a watch and wait approach is appropriate; treatment should mainly be considered if symptoms develop or lung function deteriorates.
Drug-induced infiltrative lung disease
Authors: Camus Ph. , Foucher P. , Bonniaud Ph. , Ask K. 
Published: October 2024

An increasing number of drugs are recognized to induce distinctive patterns of infiltrative lung disease (ILD), ranging from benign infiltrates to life-threatening adult respiratory distress syndromes. In addition to drugs, biomolecules such as proteins and cytokines, and medicinal plants are also capable of inducing respiratory disease, some being severe and/or irreversible.For several reasons it is difficult to estimate the exact frequency of drug-induced infiltrative lung disease (DI‐ILD). The risk for DI‐ILD and the clinical patterns vary depending on a variety of host and drug factors.Although establishing the diagnosis is often difficult, systematic evaluation of the possible role of almost any kind of drugs in ILD is warranted, as stopping a drug may favourably influence prognosis. However, prognosis depends on the drug and the type of DI‐ILD. Corticosteroids may suppress the inflammatory reaction, but for many drugs, proof of the effect of corticosteroids is lacking.Advances in prevention and prediction are needed. A user-friendly database of respiratory adverse drug reactions was made available on the web, to provide quick information in this area.
Comparison of registries of interstitial lung diseases in three European countries
Authors: Thomeer M.J. , Costabel U. , Rizzato G. , Poletti V. , Demedts M. 
Published: October 2024

Few published studies have compared epidemiological data on the prevalence, incidence or relative frequency of the different interstitial lung diseases. In this review, the data of such registries from three countries in Europe (Belgium, Germany and Italy) are compared with those in the USA (Bernalillo County, NM).These registries show some striking similarities, but also discrepancies, which in part may be real, but may also be due to selection bias. Indeed, the registries in the European countries encompass the patients seen by pulmonologists, while the registry in Bernalillo County is based on a general population study in a limited area. In addition, in some studies, prevalences and incidences were registered, while in others, only prevalences or incidences were registered. Finally, most, but not all studies were prospective.Nonetheless, the different studies showed that sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, interstitial lung diseases due to collagen vascular diseases and not-defined (or postinflammatory) fibrosis were most frequent. In the majority of disease entities a male predominance was found. Surprisingly large differences in the use of diagnostic techniques, such as high-resolution computed tomography, bronchoalveolar lavage, open lung biopsy and transbronchial lung biopsy, were noted between the different studies.
Occupational dust exposure and the aetiology of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis
Authors: Hubbard R. 
Published: October 2024

Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (CFA), synonymous with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, is probably a disease entity of increasing frequency.Epidemiological investigations into the aetiology of CFA are at an early age; yet there are several indications that exposures associated with traditionally male manufacturing occupations may be a cause of CFA.Specifically, metal exposure, and to a lesser extent wood dust exposure, was increased in patients with CFA and may explain some cases of CFA. Indeed, the four case-control studies in the literature, to date, have all found an identical occupational exposure to metal or working with metal as a risk factor for CFA and there is now further evidence confirming this association from a case-control study nested within an occupational cohort. There is also evidence from three of the case-control studies that working with wood may be a risk factor for CFA.However, these exposures clearly only explain a minority of cases of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Further studies amongst different populations with different occupational demographics are required to fully assess the impact of several exposures on the occurrence of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.
Antibody-targeted T cells and natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Sutherland Ashley R. , Parlekar Brijesh , Livingstone David W. , Medina Andrés X. , Bernhard Wendy , García Tays Hernández , DeCoteau John , Geyer C. Ronald 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Adoptive cell cancer therapies aim to re-engineer a patient’s immune cells to mount an anti-cancer response. Chimeric antigen receptor T and natural killer cells have been engineered and proved successful in treating some cancers; however, the genetic methods for engineering are laborious, expensive, and inefficient and can cause severe toxicities when they over-proliferate.

Results
We examined whether the cell-killing capacity of activated T and NK cells could be targeted to cancer cells by anchoring antibodies to their cell surface. Using metabolic glycoengineering to introduce azide moieties to the cellular surface, we covalently attached a dibenzocyclooctyne-modified antibody using the strain-promoted alkyne azide cycloaddition reaction, creating antibody-conjugated T and NK cells. We targeted the immune cells to tumors possessing the xenoantigen, N-glycolyl neuraminic acid GM3 ganglioside, using the 14F7hT antibody. These activated T and NK cells are “armed” with tumour-homing capabilities that specifically lyses antigen-positive cancer cells without off-target toxicities. Moreover, when exposed to target cells, 14F7hT-conjugated T cells that are not preactivated exhibit increased perforin, granzyme, CD69, and CD25 expression and specific cell killing.

Conclusions
This research shows the potential for a non-genetic method for redirecting cytotoxic immune cells as a feasible and effective approach for tumor-targeted cell immunotherapy.

Graphical Abstract
Impact of chronic ankle instability on gait loading strategy in individuals with chronic ankle instability: a comparative study
Authors: Elabd Omar M. , Elabd Aliaa M. , El-Azez Mona S. Abd , Taha Mohamed M. , Mohammed Amira H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Lateral ankle sprains rank among the most prevalent musculoskeletal injuries, while chronic ankle instability (CAI) is its most common cascade. In addition to the conflicting results of the previous studies and their methodological flaws, the specific gait loading strategy is still not well studied.

Purpose
The study aimed to investigate the fluctuations in gait loading strategy in people with chronic ankle instability compared to health control.

Methods
A total of 56 male subjects participated in this study and were allocated into two groups: (A) CAI group: 28 subjects with unilateral CAI (age 24.79 ± 2.64 and BMI 26.25 ± 3.50); and (B) control group: 28 subjects without a history of ankle sprains (age 24.57 ± 1.17 and BMI 26.46 ± 2.597). Stance time, weight acceptance time, and load distribution were measured to investigate gait loading strategy.

Results
The study findings revealed that the CAI group had a significant higher load over the lateral rearfoot. However, MANOVA indicates that there was no overall significant difference in gait loading strategy between the CAI and control groups. Furthermore, in terms of stance time, time of weight acceptance phase, load over medial foot, and load over lateral foot, CAI and healthy controls seemed to walk similarly.

Conclusions
The findings revealed that individuals with CAI had the significant alteration in the lateral rearfoot loading, suggesting a potential compensatory mechanism to address instability during the weight acceptance phase. This could manifest a laterally deviated center of pressure and increased frontal plane inversion during the early stance phase. However, it is acknowledged that these alterations could be both the result and the origin of CAI. The study highlights the vulnerability of CAI during the early stance phase, emphasizing the need for gait reeducation as individuals return to walking as healthcare clinicians should focus on treatment modalities aimed at reducing rearfoot inversion in individuals with CAI.