bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory Complications
Authors: Shannon Vickie R. , Eapen George A. , Jimenez Carlos A. , Grosu Horiana B. , Morice Rodolfo C. , Bashoura Lara , Evans Scott E. , Adachi Roberto , Kroll Michael , Faiz Saadia A. , Balachandran Diwakar D. , Pravinkumar Selvaraj E. , Dickey Burton F. 
Published: March 2017

OverviewThe respiratory system is particularly susceptible to complications of cancer and cancer therapy. This vulnerability arises from the stringent architectural requirements for gas exchange, the continuous exposure of the respiratory tract to the external environment, and the severe symptoms that can accompany respiratory compromise. Gas exchange requires patent airways, an effective musculoskeletal ventilatory pump, a thin alveolocapillary membrane, and adequate blood flow through the pulmonary circulation. In cancer patients, primary and metastatic tumors of the chest compromise major airways; pleural effusions externally compress the lungs and impair diaphragmatic function; direct, hematogenous, or lymphangitic spread of tumor replaces functioning lung parenchyma; resectional surgery reduces parenchymal volume; nonresectional surgery can transiently impair lung function; radiotherapy, chemotherapy, stem cell therapy, and infection injure the vulnerable alveolocapillary membrane; tumors directly or indirectly compromise the musculoskeletal pump; and venous thromboembolism (VTE) and pulmonary vasculopathy obstruct pulmonary blood flow.The normal respiratory system contains considerable physiologic reserve, such that surgical loss of one lung is generally well tolerated. However, in cancer patients, insults to multiple components of the respiratory system may result in progressive loss of physiologic reserve and increasing dyspnea. Dyspnea, cough, wheezing, stridor, chest pain, and hemoptysis are common symptoms in the cancer setting that lead to pulmonary consultation.In this chapter, we will discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of the major respiratory complications of cancer and its therapy. We begin with the direct effects of cancer and cancer therapies on the lungs, review major indirect effects of cancer on the lungs, and end with respiratory failure in the cancer patient.
Oncologic Emergencies
Authors: Yeung Sai‐Ching Jim , Escalante Carmen P. 
Published: March 2017

OverviewCancer and its treatment can lead to oncologic emergencies. This chapter discusses the approach to acute emergency problems in cancer patients. A list of emergent problems has been selected for focused discussion. Sudden cardiopulmonary arrest is discussed along with special consideration in resuscitation of cancer patients. Arrhythmia, superior vena caval syndrome, pericardial tamponade, and acute hemorrhage are important cardiovascular emergencies. Tumor lysis syndrome can be rapidly fatal, and early recognition and treatment are very important in preventing disastrous outcomes. Pulmonary problems include airway obstruction, pleural effusion, hemoptysis, pneumothorax, and pulmonary embolism. Neurological emergencies include spinal cord compression, brain herniation, and status epilepticus. Neutropenic fever is perhaps the most frequently discussed important topic in oncologic emergency. Other important issues such as perforated viscus, anaphylaxis, and cytokine release syndrome are also discussed. Oncologists and emergency physicians must be aware of these potentially serious acute complications of cancer patients in order to initiate appropriate treatments in a timely manner.
Energy dependence and angular dependence of an optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter in the mammography energy range
Authors: Kawaguchi Ai , Matsunaga Yuta , Suzuki Shoichi , Chida Koichi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the energy dependence and the angular dependence of commercially available optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) point dosimeters in the mammography energy range. The energy dependence was evaluated to calculate calibration factors (CFs). The half‐value layer range was 0.31–0.60 mmAl (Mo/Mo 22–28 kV, Mo/Rh 28–32 kV, and W/Rh 30–34 kV at 2‐kV intervals). Mo/Rh 28 kV was the reference condition. Angular dependence was tested by rotating the X‐ray tube from −90° to 90° in 30° increments, and signal counts from angled nanoDots were normalized to the 0° signal counts. Angular dependence was compared with three tube voltage and target/filter combinations (Mo/Mo 26 kV, Mo/Rh 28 kV and W/Rh 32 kV). The CFs of energy dependence were 0.94–1.06. In Mo/Mo 26–28 kV and Mo/Rh 28–32 kV, the range of CF was 0.99–1.01, which was very similar. For angular dependence, the most deteriorated normalized values (Mo/Mo, 0.37; Mo/Rh, 0.43; and W/Rh, 0.58) were observed when the X‐ray tube was rotated at a 90° angle, compared to 0°. The most angular dependences of ± 30°, 60°, and 90° decreased by approximately 4%, 14%, and 63% respectively. The mean deteriorated measurement 30° intervals from 0° to ± 30° was 2%, from ± 30° to ± 60° was 8%, and from ± 60° to ± 90° was 40%. The range of energy dependence in typical mammography energy range was not as much as that in general radiography and computed tomography. For accurate measurement using nanoDot, the tilt needs to be under 30°.
Synthesis of Fluoromethyl‐Substituted Isoxazolines via Transition Metal‐Free Oxyfluorination of Alkenyl Oximes
Authors: Zhao Juan , Jiang Min , Liu Jin‐Tao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA mild and efficient transition metal‐free intramolecular oxyfluorination of alkenyl oximes is demonstrated. The reaction tolerates a range of substrates to give a series of monofluoromethylated isoxazoline derivatives with good yields. The possible pathways are proposed based on the reaction results and control experiments.magnified image
Factors associated with employment status before and during pregnancy: Implications for studies of pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Rocheleau Carissa M. , Bertke Stephen J. , Lawson Christina C. , Romitti Paul A. , Desrosiers Tania A. , Agopian A.J. , Bell Erin , Gilboa Suzanne M. ,   The National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundPotential confounding or effect modification by employment status is frequently overlooked in pregnancy outcome studies.MethodsTo characterize how employed and non‐employed women differ, we compared demographics, behaviors, and reproductive histories by maternal employment status for 8,343 mothers of control (non‐malformed) infants in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997–2007) and developed a multivariable model for employment status anytime during pregnancy and the 3 months before conception.ResultsSixteen factors were independently associated with employment before or during pregnancy, including: maternal age, pre‐pregnancy body mass index, pregnancy intention, periconceptional/first trimester smoking and alcohol consumption, and household income.ConclusionsEmployment status was significantly associated with many common risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancy outcome studies should consider adjustment or stratification by employment status. In studies of occupational exposures, these differences may cause uncontrollable confounding if non‐employed women are treated as unexposed instead of excluded from analysis. Am. J. Ind. Med. 60:329–341, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrophobic Water Probed Experimentally at the Gold Electrode/Aqueous Interface
Authors: Tong Yujin , Lapointe François , Thämer Martin , Wolf Martin , Campen R. Kramer 
Published: March 2017

AbstractQuantitative description of reaction mechanisms in aqueous phase electrochemistry requires experimental characterization of local water structure at the electrode/aqueous interface and its evolution with changing potential. Gaining such insight experimentally under electrochemical conditions is a formidable task. The potential‐dependent structure of a subpopulation of interfacial water with one OH group pointing towards a gold working electrode is characterized using interface specific vibrational spectroscopy in a thin film electrochemical cell. Such free‐OH groups are the molecular level observable of an extended hydrophobic interface. This free‐OH interacts only weakly with the Au surface at all potentials, has an orientational distribution that narrows approaching the potential of zero charge, and disappears on oxidation of the gold electrode.
A Stable, Soluble, and Crystalline Supramolecular System with a Triplet Ground State
Authors: Futagoishi Tsukasa , Aharen Tomoko , Kato Tatsuhisa , Kato Azusa , Ihara Toshiyuki , Tada Tomofumi , Murata Michihisa , Wakamiya Atsushi , Kageyama Hiroshi , Kanemitsu Yoshihiko , Murata Yasujiro 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA supramolecular complex was constructed by encapsulation of a 3O2 molecule inside an open‐cage C60 derivative. Its single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of the 3O2 at the center of the fullerene cage. The CV measurements suggested that unprecedented dehydrogenation was promoted by the encapsulated 3O2 after two‐electron reduction. The ESR measurements displayed the triplet character as well as the anisotropy of the 3O2. Additionally, the SQUID measurements also demonstrated the paramagnetic behavior above 3 K without an antiferromagnetic transition. Upon photoirradiation with visible light, three phosphorescent bands at the NIR region were observed, arising from the exited 1O2 generated by self‐sensitization with the outer cage, whose lifetimes were not affected by the environments. These studies confirmed that the complex is a crystalline triplet system with incompatible “high spin density” but “small interspin interaction” properties.
Mastering the structure of PLA foams made with extrusion assisted by supercritical CO2
Authors: Chauvet Margot , Sauceau Martial , Baillon Fabien , Fages Jacques 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, the outcome of operating conditions of extrusion assisted by supercritical CO2 for the manufacture of poly(lactic acid) foams was investigated. It was found that the temperature before and inside the die was the most prominent parameter to tune the foam properties. Foam porosity as high as 96% could be obtained (for die temperature between 109 and 112 °C), representing a total expansion exceeding 30. In this temperature range, low crystallinity (≈6%) was induced giving foams with high radial expansion i.e., large diameters and open porosity. At 112 °C, the CO2 was able to greatly expand the foams, providing 73% of its potential blowing effect. On the other hand, a low die temperature (below a die temperature of 107 °C) induces a significantly higher level of crystallinity resulting in foams with closed‐porosity and a large longitudinal expansion due to higher strength of the polymer melt. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45067.
CH3NH3PbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals as Efficient Light‐Harvesting Antenna for Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
Authors: Muthu Chinnadurai , Vijayan Anuja , Nair Vijayakumar C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHybrid perovskites have created enormous research interest as a low‐cost material for high‐performance photovoltaic devices, light‐emitting diodes, photodetectors, memory devices and sensors. Perovskite materials in nanocrystal form that display intense luminescence due to the quantum confinement effect were found to be particularly suitable for most of these applications. However, the potential use of perovskite nanocrystals as a light‐harvesting antenna for possible applications in artificial photosynthesis systems is not yet explored. In the present work, we study the light‐harvesting antenna properties of luminescent methylammonium lead bromide (CH3NH3PbBr3)‐based perovskite nanocrystals using fluorescent dyes (rhodamine B, rhodamine 101, and nile red) as energy acceptors. Our studies revealed that CH3NH3PbBr3 nanocrystals are an excellent light‐harvesting antenna, and efficient fluorescence resonance energy transfer occurs from the nanocrystals to fluorescent dyes. Further, the energy transfer efficiency is found to be highly dependent on the number of anchoring groups and binding ability of the dyes to the surface of the nanocrystals. These observations may have significant implications for perovskite‐based light‐harvesting devices and their possible use in artificial photosynthesis systems.
High‐throughput sequencing revealed a novel SETX mutation in a Hungarian patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Tripolszki Kornélia , Török Dóra , Goudenège David , Farkas Katalin , Sulák Adrienn , Török Nóra , Engelhardt József I. , Klivényi Péter , Procaccio Vincent , Nagy Nikoletta , Széll Márta 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of the motor neurons. To date, 126 genes have been implicated in ALS. Therefore, the heterogenous genetic background of ALS requires comprehensive genetic investigative approaches.MethodsIn this study, DNA from 28 Hungarian ALS patients was subjected to targeted high‐throughput sequencing of the coding regions of three Mendelian ALS genes: FUS, SETX, and C9ORF72.ResultsA novel heterozygous missense mutation (c.791A>G, p.N264S) of the SETX gene was identified in a female patient presenting an atypical ALS phenotype, including adult onset and lower motor neuron impairment. No further mutations were detected in the other Mendelian ALS genes investigated.ConclusionOur study contributes to the understanding of the genetic and phenotypic diversity of motor neuron diseases (MNDs). Our results also suggest that the elucidation of the genetic background of MNDs requires a complex approach, including the screening of both Mendelian and non‐Mendelian genes.
Synthesis and Superpotent Anticancer Activity of Tubulysins Carrying Non‐hydrolysable N‐Substituents on Tubuvaline
Authors: Sani Monica , Lazzari Paolo , Folini Marco , Spiga Marco , Zuco Valentina , De Cesare Michelandrea , Manca Ilaria , Dall'Angelo Sergio , Frigerio Massimo , Usai Igor , Testa Andrea , Zaffaroni Nadia , Zanda Matteo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSynthetic tubulysins 24 a–m, containing non‐hydrolysable N‐substituents on tubuvaline (Tuv), were obtained in high purity and good overall yields using a multistep synthesis. A key step was the formation of differently N‐substituted Ile‐Tuv fragments 10 by using an aza‐Michael reaction of azido‐Ile derivatives 8 with the α,β‐unsaturated oxo‐thiazole 5. A structure–activity relationship study using a panel of human tumour cell lines showed strong anti‐proliferative activity for all compounds 24 a–m, with IC50 values in the sub‐nanomolar range, which were distinctly lower than those of tubulysin A, vinorelbine and paclitaxel. Furthermore, 24 a–m were able to overcome cross‐resistance to paclitaxel and vinorelbine in two tumour cell lines with acquired resistance to doxorubicin. Compounds 24 e and 24 g were selected as leads to evaluate their mechanism of action. In vitro assays showed that both 24 e and 24 g interfere with tubulin polymerization in a vinca alkaloid‐like manner and prevent paclitaxel‐induced assembly of tubulin polymers. Both compounds exerted antimitotic activity and induced apoptosis in cancer cells at very low concentrations. Compound 24 e also exhibited potent antitumor activity at well tolerated doses on in vivo models of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, such as MESOII peritoneal mesothelioma xenografts, the growth of which was not significantly affected by vinorelbine. These results indicate that synthetic tubulysins 24 could be used as standalone chemotherapeutic agents in difficult‐to‐treat cancers.
Coronary artery calcification is common on nongated chest computed tomography imaging
Authors: Balakrishnan Revathi , Nguyen Brian , Raad Roy , Donnino Robert , Naidich David P. , Jacobs Jill E. , Reynolds Harmony R. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundCoronary artery calcification as assessed by computed tomography (CT) is a validated predictor of cardiovascular risk, whether identified on a dedicated cardiac study or on a routine non‐gated chest CT. The prevalence of incidentally detected coronary artery calcification on non‐gated chest CT imaging and consistency of reporting have not been well characterized.HypothesisCoronary calcification is present on chest CT in some patients not taking statin therapy and may be under‐reported.MethodsNon‐gated chest CT images dated 1/1/2012 to 1/1/2013 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographics and medical history were obtained from charts. Patients with known history of coronary revascularization and/or pacemaker/defibrillator were excluded. Two independent readers with cardiac CT expertise evaluated images for the presence and anatomical distribution of any coronary calcification, blinded to all clinical information including CT reports. Original clinical CT reports were subsequently reviewed.ResultsCoronary calcification was identified in 204/304 (68%) chest CTs. Patients with calcification were older and had more hyperlipidemia, smoking history, and known coronary artery disease. Of patients with calcification, 43% were on aspirin and 62% were on statin medication at the time of CT. Coronary calcification was identified in 69% of reports when present.ConclusionsA high prevalence of coronary calcification was found in non‐gated chest CT scans performed for non‐cardiac indications. In one‐third, coronary calcification was not mentioned in the clinical report when actually present. In this population of patients with cardiac risk factors, standard reporting of the presence of coronary calcification may provide an opportunity for risk factor modification.
Optimal dose of rabbit thymoglobulin in conditioning regimens for unmanipulated, haploidentical, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Long‐term outcomes of a prospective randomized trial
Authors: Chang Ying‐Jun , Wang Yu , Mo Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Xu Lan‐Ping , Yan Chen‐Hua , Chen Huan , Chen Yu‐Hong , Chen Yao , Han Wei , Wang Feng‐Rong , Wang Jing‐Zhi , Liu Kai‐Yan , Huang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDAntithymocyte globulin (ATG) is an important component of conditioning regimens to prevent severe graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) in patients undergoing unmanipulated, haploidentical stem cell transplantation (haplo‐SCT). However, to the authors' knowledge, the optimal dose of ATG is unknown.METHODSIn this prospective, randomized trial, the authors compared the long‐term outcomes of 2 ATG doses (rabbit thymoglobulin) used in myeloablative conditioning before unmanipulated haplo‐HSCT. Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to received 10 mg/kg (ATG‐10) or 6 mg/kg (ATG‐6) of ATG. Analysis of disease‐free survival, GVHD‐free/recurrence‐free survival (GRFS), disease recurrence, nonrecurrence mortality, and chronic GVHD (cGVHD) included the entire population. Late effects were assessed in disease‐free patients who had survived for at least 6 months and had received regular follow‐up evaluations.RESULTSA total of 224 patients were recruited. The median follow‐up period was 1614 days (range, 28‐1929 days). The rate of infection‐related deaths in ATG‐10 arm was double that of the ATG‐6 arm (14.3% vs 7.1%;P = .084). The 5‐year cumulative incidence was comparable between the ATG‐6 and ATG‐10 groups for disease recurrence (12.8% vs 13.4%;P = .832) and nonrecurrence mortality (11.6% vs 17.0%;P = .263). The 5‐year probability of disease‐free survival was comparable between the groups (75.6% vs 69.6%;P = .283). The 5‐year cumulative incidence of cGVHD was found to be higher with ATG‐6 (75.0% vs 56.3% [P = .007] and moderate‐to‐severe cGVHD: 56.3% vs 30.4% [P<.0001]) as well as that for late effects (71.2% vs 56.9%;P = .043). The 5‐year probability of GRFS was higher in the ATG‐10 group (41.0% vs 26.8%;P = .008). In the multivariate analysis, ATG‐10 was found to be associated with a lower risk of cGVHD and improved GRFS.CONCLUSIONSATG‐10 was found to be associated with better GVHD prevention and superior GRFS, but an increase in infection‐related deaths.Cancer2017;123:2881–92.©2017 American Cancer Society.
Irreversible Bleaching of Donor–Acceptor Stenhouse Adducts on the Surfaces of Magnetite Nanoparticles
Authors: Ahrens Johannes , Bian Tong , Vexler Tom , Klajn Rafal 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo novel donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASAs) featuring the catechol moiety were synthesized and characterized. Both compounds bind strongly to the surfaces of magnetite nanoparticles. An adrenaline‐derived DASA renders the particles insoluble in all common solvents, likely because of poor solvation of the zwitterionic isomer generated on the nanoparticle surfaces. Well‐soluble nanoparticles were successfully obtained using dopamine‐derived DASA equipped with a long alkyl chain. Upon its attachment to nanoparticles, this DASA undergoes an irreversible decoloration reaction owing to the formation of the zwitterionic form. The reaction follows first‐order kinetics and proceeds more rapidly on large nanoparticles. Interestingly, decoloration can be suppressed in the presence of free DASA molecules in solution or at high nanoparticle concentrations.
Quantum imaging of high‐dimensional Hilbert spaces with Radon transform
Authors: Gyongyosi Laszlo 
Published: March 2017

SummaryHigh‐dimensional Hilbert spaces possess large information encoding and transmission capabilities. Characterizing exactly the real potential of high‐dimensional entangled systems is a cornerstone of tomography and quantum imaging. The accuracy of the measurement apparatus and devices used in quantum imaging is physically limited, which allows no further improvements to be made. To extend the possibilities, we introduce a post‐processing method for quantum imaging that is based on the Radon transform and the projection‐slice theorem. The proposed solution leads to an enhanced precision and a deeper parameterization of the information conveying capabilities of high‐dimensional Hilbert spaces. We demonstrate the method for the analysis of high‐dimensional position–momentum photonic entanglement. We show that the entropic separability bound in terms of standard deviations is violated considerably more strongly in comparison to the standard setting and current data processing. The results indicate that the possibilities of the quantum imaging of high‐dimensional Hilbert spaces can be extended by applying appropriate calculations in the post‐processing phase. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Clue
Authors: Tate Tyler 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAs I stood outside of Carlos's room, I felt caught on the horns of a dilemma. It seemed impossible to truly “be there” for Carlos without sacrificing my other intern duties. This tension pervaded much of my residency training, as I often found myself spending more time completing chart notes, answering pages, and giving sign out than I did at the bedside with my patients. I knew I had a duty to “do my job”—I could not let my team down. But what about my duty to Carlos, a duty to act on my intuition and try to “get to the bottom” of his illness, if that was even possible? And what about my thirteen other patients? Wasn't I was their doctor as well? I have spent countless hours studying the ethical frameworks for medical rationing. And yet no framework could have told me how to weigh my intuition in that crucial moment of decision‐making, or when it was okay to leave a few notes unfinished in order to have the time to talk with Carlos.Suddenly, I knew what I had to do.