bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prototype Relationship Optimization Network for Few‐Shot Learning
Authors: Wang Dengzhong , Zhong Yuan , Ma Yunfei , Guo Chunsheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFew‐shot learning (FSL) aims to infer labels for new samples based on a few labeled samples. FSL based on prototype metrics emphasizes the distance between unlabeled sample features and prototypes generated from a few labeled samples. However, due to the limited number of samples and the uncertainty of samples, the discrepancy between prototypes and the center of the real features may lead to metric error. This paper proposes the Prototype Relationship Optimization Network (PRON) to alleviate the prototype bias issue by utilizing prototype relationship optimization. The PRON involves three fundamental processes: (i) Constructing a multi‐layer prototype through multi‐layer feature embedding to enhance prototype representation capabilities; (ii) Utilizing prototype relationship interaction network of multi‐layer prototype forms multi‐layer prototype relationships to weaken the influence of uncertainty and strengthen the discrimination; (iii) Introduces a prototype refinement mechanism in the cascade structure to optimize prototype relationship representation. The inductive standard experimental results on three popular benchmark datasets show that the performance of the proposed method is very competitive and comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art FSL methods. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Delayed gastric emptying risk stratification in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma after pancreatoduodenectomy: An international validation cohort study
Authors: Gu Zongting , Du Yongxing , Duan Yunjie , Zheng Xiaohao , Wang Chengfeng , Zhang Jianwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundCurrently, there is still a lack of an accurate predictive model for delayed gastric emptying (DGE) following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The aim of this study was to develop a concise model that could effectively predict the risk of DGE.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included a training cohort of 1251 consecutive PDAC patients who underwent PD from the US multicenter ACS‐NSQIP database. Additionally, a validation cohort of 934 consecutive PDAC patients who underwent PD was included from the National Cancer Center in China. A total of 46 perioperative indicators were incorporated in the analysis. The DGE risk stratification (DGERS) model was then developed and validated using Lasso‐logistic regression.ResultsAfter screening using Lasso‐logistic regression, we identified four independent predictors that were significantly correlated with DGE: days to pancreatic drain removal (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02–1.08; p < 0.001), pancreatic fistula (HR, 2.61; 95% CI, 1.65–4.12; p < 0.001), sepsis/septic shock (HR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.52–3.91; p < 0.001), and reoperation (HR, 4.16; 95% CI, 2.27–7.57; p < 0.001). Based on these factors, we developed a nomogram to predict postoperative DGE. The model demonstrated excellent calibration and optimal performance in the validation cohorts (AUC, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.67–0.73). In the validation cohort, the DGERS exhibited significant risk stratification ability, with AUC values of 0.7, 0.61, and 0.74 for the low‐, moderate‐, and high‐risk groups, respectively.ConclusionsThis study identified four factors that independently increased the occurrence of DGE in patients with PDAC after PD, including days to pancreatic drain removal, pancreatic fistula, sepsis/septic shock, and reoperation. Based on these findings, we developed a personalized and straightforward DGERS that enables dynamic and precise prediction of DGE risk, allowing for effective stratification of individuals based on their risk profiles.
Wake Structures and Performance of Wind Turbine Rotor With Harmonic Surging Motions Under Laminar and Turbulent Inflows
Authors: Li YuanTso , Yu Wei , Sarlak Hamid 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study presents a comprehensive numerical analysis of a full‐scale horizontal‐axis floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) rotor subjected to harmonic surging motions under both laminar and turbulent inflow conditions. Utilizing high‐fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, namely, large eddy simulation (LES) with actuator line model (ALM), this research investigates the rotor performance, wake characteristics, and wake structures of a surging FOWT in detail. The study delves into the influence of varying inflow turbulence intensities, surging settings, and their interplay on the aerodynamic performance and the wake aerodynamics of a FOWT rotor. The results show that, through employing the phase‐averaging technique, surge‐induced periodic coherent structures (SIPeCS) can be identified in the wake of all the surging cases studied, irrespective of the inflow conditions and the surging settings. Additionally, the findings show that the faster wake recovery observed in the surging cases is not caused by enhancing the instability‐induced turbulence level, a previously accepted hypothesis. Instead, the results indicate that it is due to the enhanced advection process resulting from the induction fields of SIPeCS that causes the wake to recover faster. The analysis of rotor performance shows that the time‐averaged rotor performances are affected by the intricate aerodynamics arising from the surging motions. With certain surging settings, the time‐averaged thrust and the time‐averaged power of a surging rotor are found to be simultaneously lower and higher compared with those of a fixed rotor. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of considering both the magnitude of surging and the rate of surging simultaneously to fully characterize the hysteresis load on a surging rotor.
Status and associated factors of health insurance enrollment among women in Nepal
Authors: Giri Surendra , Acharya Devaraj , Adhikari Ramesh , Sharma Mohan K. , Ranabhat Chhabi L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Government of Nepal (GoN) introduced a Health Insurance Program (HIP) in 2016 aiming to ensure quality healthcare for all Nepalese citizens without financial hardship. However, the HIP has not attracted as many people as expected. It shows low enrollment and high dropout rates. Studies on this issue are scarce, particularly regarding women. To identify the factors associated with women enrollment in health insurance (HI), this study utilized a cross‐sectional design, analyzing secondary data (n = 14,845) from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2022. Chi‐square test and logistic regression were used to identify associations with women participation in the HIP. Women enrollment in HI was positively and significantly associated with province, age, ethnicity, educational level, religion, place of residence, ecological region, wealth index, women's autonomy in household decisions, household head status, and current employment (p < 0.01). Socioeconomic and demographic factors of the respondents, such as being over 35 years old (aOR = 1.98; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.65–2.39), having a secondary or higher education (aOR = 2.96; 95% CI: 2.43–3.64), being currently employed in a paid job (aOR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.17–1.47), and belonging to the richest wealth status (aOR = 5.64; 95% CI: 4.33–7.34), were more likely to be enrolled in the HIP compared to their respective reference groups. In conclusion, being of privileged socioeconomic status, belonging to a specific ethnic group, having a higher educational level, being employed, and living in the Mountain region are all associated with women enrollment in HIP. Policymakers may consider these findings when planning and implementing future interventions.
Characterization, Pathogenesis, and Immuno-Biological Control of Singapore Grouper Iridovirus (SGIV)
Authors: Huang Youhua , Wang Shaowen , Huang Xiaohong , Wei Jingguang , Qin Qiwei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSingapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) was first isolated from diseased cultured groupers in Singapore and has been identified as a novel species within the genus Ranavirus (family Iridoviridae; subfamily Alphairidovirinae). SGIV infection causes considerable morbidity and mortality in many economically important fish species, such as grouper and seabass. In this chapter, we describe virus isolation in cell culture, virion purification, ultrastructural analysis, virion morphogenesis, and molecular identification of SGIV. SGIV has been molecularly characterized based on the SGIV genome, transcriptome, proteome, and viral miRNAs. Various aspects of pathogenesis resulting from SGIV infection were investigated, including cytopathology, virus entry and transport, paraptosis, autophagy, and signaling pathways. Functions of host immune and metabolism-related genes during SGIV infection are evaluated and discussed. Immuno-biological control strategies, including antibody-based flow cytometry and microfluidic chip detection technology, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and nucleic acid aptamer detection methods, were developed. Efficient SGIV vaccines have also been developed. These research approaches provide the basis for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of SGIV and other ranaviruses and offer technical support to control fish ranaviruses.
Pathology and Diagnostics
Authors: Miller Debra L. , Pessier Allan P. , Hick Paul , Whittington Richard J. , Forzán María J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough no lesion is pathognomonic for ranavirosis, some lesions are common and occur across classes: hemorrhage, swelling (generally due to edema), epithelial and hematopoietic necrosis, and occasional intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies. Microscopic evaluation of the tissues, along with laboratory testing such as PCR, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry, is key to confirmatory diagnosis. Surveillance for subclinical infections in captive and wild populations is important for disease prevention and control. This is most readily achieved by real-time PCR on target tissues collected at necropsy using an epidemiological framework for sample size calculation and selection. As ranavirosis is reportable in fish and amphibians, the WOAH (formerly OIE) generally provides up-to-date information regarding appropriate confirmatory diagnostic tests.
Design and Analysis of Ranavirus Studies: Insights into Planning Surveillance, Modeling Host-Pathogen Dynamics, and Performing Risk Analyses
Authors: Gray Matthew J. , Brunner Jesse L. , Earl Julia E. , Wirth Wytamma , Peace Angela , Ariel Ellen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter is divided into three major sections: surveillance (Sect. 1), modeling (Sect. 2), and risk analyses (Sect. 3). Section 1 is designed to provide practical guidance on how to set up, collect, analyze, and interpret basic data that can be collected during pathogen surveillance in field or captive settings. We also discuss the economics of surveillance. Section 2 introduces typical models used to model pathogen transmission and methods used to estimate invasion potential,R0. Section 3 focuses on strategies that can be used to estimate the risk of ranavirus invading into a novel area. While detail is provided in these sections, our intent is not to discuss all surveillance, modeling, or risk analysis scenarios. If readers need additional guidance, we welcome you to reach out to the chapter authors or authors of the papers and books we cite.
GPS observables in Newtonian spacetime or why we do not need ‘physical’ coordinate systems
Authors: Mozota Frauca Álvaro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSome authors have defended the claim that one needs to be able to define ‘physical coordinate systems’ and ‘observables’ in order to make sense of general relativity. Moreover, in Rovelli (Physical Review D,65(4), 044017 2002), Rovelli proposes a way of implementing these ideas by making use of a system of satellites that allows defining a set of ‘physical coordinates’, the GPS coordinates. In this article I oppose these views in four ways. First, I defend an alternative way of understanding general relativity which implies that we have a perfectly fine interpretation of the models of the theory even in the absence of ‘physical coordinate systems’. Second, I analyze and challenge the motivations behind the ‘observable’ view. Third, I analyze Rovelli’s proposal and I conclude that it does not allow extracting any physical information from our models that wasn’t available before. Fourth, I draw an analogy between general relativistic spacetimes and Newtonian spacetimes, which allows me to argue that as ‘physical observables’ are not needed in Newtonian spacetime, then neither are they in general relativity. In this sense, I conclude that the ‘observable’ view of general relativity is unmotivated.
Recent Advancements in Cardiac Implantable Devices for Pediatric Patients
Authors: Kumthekar Rohan N. , Howard Taylor S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurpose of ReviewWe highlight recent advances in cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) that are applicable and can be beneficial for pediatric patients.Recent FindingsProgress in pacemakers includes the widespread use of leadless pacemakers, development of tools for left bundle area pacing, and the design of novel miniaturized pacemakers and minimally invasive approaches for epicardial device implantation. For implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), there has been more utilization of the subcutaneous ICD in smaller patients or those with congenital heart disease, and significant improvements in ICD programming as well.SummaryLeadless pacemakers have been safely utilized in children, even those under 30 kg with acute and medium-term success. Left bundle area pacing may provide a reduction in pacing-induced cardiomyopathy in the future. Novel miniature pacemakers and approaches to epicardial lead implantation can reduce complications for our smallest patients. Subcutaneous ICDs have been used effectively in the pediatric cohort with similar results to the adult population. ICD programming has been improved to reduce the risk of inappropriate shocks.
MoS2 Lubricate-Toughened MXene/ANF Composites for Multifunctional Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Wang Jiaen , Ming Wei , Chen Longfu , Song Tianliang , Yele Moxi , Zhang Hao , Yang Long , Sarula Gegen , Liang Benliang , Yan Luting , Wang Guangsheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe design and fabrication of high toughness electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding composite films with diminished reflection are an imperative task to solve electromagnetic pollution problem. Ternary MXene/ANF (aramid nanofibers)–MoS2 composite films with nacre-like layered structure here are fabricated after the introduction of MoS2 into binary MXene/ANF composite system. The introduction of MoS2 fulfills an impressive “kill three birds with one stone” improvement effect: lubrication toughening mechanical performance, reduction in secondary reflection pollution of electromagnetic wave, and improvement in the performance of photothermal conversion. After the introduction of MoS2 into binary MXene/ANF (mass ratio of 50:50), the strain to failure and tensile strength increase from 22.1 $$\pm$$
±
1.7% and 105.7 $$\pm$$
±
6.4 MPa and to 25.8 $$\pm$$
±
0.7% and 167.3 $$\pm$$
±
9.1 MPa, respectively. The toughness elevates from 13.0 $$\pm$$
±
4.1 to 26.3 $$\pm$$
±
0.8 MJ m−3 (~ 102.3%) simultaneously. And the reflection shielding effectiveness (SER) of MXene/ANF (mass ratio of 50:50) decreases ~ 10.8%. EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) elevates to 41.0 dB (8.2–12.4 GHz); After the introduction of MoS2 into binary MXene/ANF (mass ratio of 60:40), the strain to failure increases from 18.3 $$\pm$$
±
1.9% to 28.1 $$\pm$$
±
0.7% (~ 53.5%), the SER decreases ~ 22.2%, and the corresponding EMI SE is 43.9 dB. The MoS2 also leads to a more efficient photothermal conversion performance (~ 45 to ~ 55 °C). Additionally, MXene/ANF–MoS2 composite films exhibit excellent electric heating performance, quick temperature elevation (15 s), excellent cycle stability (2, 2.5, and 3 V), and long-term stability (2520 s). Combining with excellent mechanical performance with high MXene content, electric heating performance, and photothermal conversion performance, EMI shielding ternary MXene/ANF–MoS2 composite films could be applied in many industrial areas. This work broadens how to achieve a balance between mechanical properties and versatility of composites in the case of high-function fillers.
Artemisia afra and COVID-19, the Media Storm Versus the Current State-of-the-Art
Authors: Van der Kooy Frank 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, the traditional herbal medicine Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd., Asteraceae, was widely used as a remedy, and a true media storm erupted in (South) Africa regarding this matter. Throughout the pandemic, A. afra was not only extensively used, but the herb was also exceedingly difficult to find, which is reminiscent of its historical popularity during the influenza pandemic of 1918. This popularity was further fueled by the launch of Covid-Organics in Madagascar, containing Artemisia annua L., which led to international media attention regarding Artemisia as a treatment for COVID-19. In 2020, millions in research funding were made available in South Africa to study promising traditional medicines, including A. afra, and for the development of an effective remedy which was lacking at the time. Due to its popularity and widespread use, this updated overview of A. afra aimed to collate all scientific data on its chemistry, general in vitro and in vivo biological bioactivity, and its antiviral and Sars-Cov-2 activity reported since 2019. Several studies reported good in vitro antiparasitic activity and in vivo antispasmodic activity. However, many studies reported on biological activities that were many orders of magnitude less active than their positive controls. Surprisingly, not a single in vivo study, patent, or (registered) clinical trial could be found regarding A. afra and COVID-19. Only one study, conducted by a German-Danish research group, reported on the in vitro activity of A. afra extracts against Sars-Cov-2. The results indicated that there was relatively weak activity of 0.09 mg/ml ± 0.03 (selectivity index of 26.22), but the context cannot be established due to the absence of a positive control, which did not exist at the time. Artemisia afra is still widely used as a general antiviral remedy, and in-depth research in this field must be conducted. Several promising results regarding antispasmodic and antischistosomal activity should also be further explored.
Graphical Abstract
Enabling laboratory readiness and preparedness for the evaluation of suspected viral hemorrhagic fevers: development of a laboratory toolkit
Authors: Turbett Sarah E. , Lazarus Jacob E. , Nardini Mia A. , Braidt Joseph E. , Lane Stefanie A. , Searle Eileen F. , Biddinger Paul D. , Shenoy Erica S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurpose:Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs), such as Ebola virus disease, Marburg virus disease, and Lassa fever, are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and the potential for person-to-person transmission. While most individuals in whom VHF is suspected will ultimately be diagnosed with a non-VHF illness, such patients may present to any United States healthcare facility (HCF) for initial evaluation; therefore, all HCFs must be prepared to evaluate and initiate care for suspect VHF patients, especially if they are acutely ill. Included within this evaluation is the ability to perform basic routine laboratory testing before VHF-specific diagnostic test results are available, as well as rapid malaria testing to assess for a common, dangerous “VHF mimic.”Objective:To improve laboratory preparedness and readiness in the initial care of suspect VHF patients who may present to acute care hospitals.Design:Plan-Do-Study-Act quality improvement model.Setting:Frontline healthcare facilities and their clinical laboratories.Methods:We describe the development of a laboratory testing toolkit for a suspect VHF patient that can assist frontline HCFs in providing basic laboratory testing required for the care of these patients.Results:The toolkit provides guidance on infection prevention and control, waste management, occupational health, laboratory test collection, processing, and resulting, in the context of suspect VHF patient evaluation.Conclusions:The toolkit is designed to be readily adapted by any frontline HCF in the US. With the guidance provided, facilities will be able to support safer initial evaluation of VHF suspects and ensure high-quality patient care.
The Personal Identity Dilemma for Transhumanism
Authors: Weir Ralph Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTranshumanists claim that futuristic technologies will permit you to live indefinitely as a nonbiological ‘posthuman’ with a radically improved quality of life. Philosophers have pointed out that whether some radically enhanced posthuman is really you depends on perplexing issues about the nature of personal identity. In this paper, I present an especially pressing version of the personal-identity challenge to transhumanism, based on the ideas of Derek Parfit. Parfit distinguishes two main views of personal identity, an intuitive, nonreductive view and a revisionary, reductive view. I argue that the standard rationale for wanting to become a posthuman makes sense only if the intuitive view is correct, but that the standard rationale for thinking that it is possible to become a posthuman makes sense only if the revisionary view is correct. Following this, I explain why the obvious responses are unsatisfactory or imply the need to rethink transhumanism in ways that make it much less radical and less appealing.
When Paintings Argue
Authors: Plumer Gilbert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMy thesis is that certain non-verbal paintings such as Picasso's Guernica make (simple) arguments. If this is correct and the arguments are reasonably good, it would indicate one way that non-literary art can be cognitively valuable, since argument can provide the justification needed for knowledge or understanding. The focus is on painting, but my findings seem applicable to comparable visual art forms (a sculpture is also considered). My approach largely consists of identifying pertinent features of viable literary cognitivism and then showing how they or close analogues can be applied to non-verbal painting. The two main features are the requirements, first, that the relevant knowledge is provided significantly in virtue of the distinctive essential feature of literary fictions, i.e., their fictionality, and second, that the knowledge stems primarily from the content of the work, not from what the auditor brings to the work. Some ways that literary fiction has been taken to be argumentative are explained, and striking similarities are found between argumentative literary fiction and argumentative painting. Potential objections are addressed, and I examine a proposed way to express, in a schematized format, both the power of an argumentative painting and its relatively simple associated propositional content.