bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chirality and RS-Stereogenicity as Two Kinds of Handedness. Their Aufheben by Fujita’s Stereoisogram Approach for Giving New Insights into Classification of Isomers
Authors: Fujita Shinsaku 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Chirality under point-group symmetry and RS-stereogenicity under RS-permutation-group symmetry are discussed from a viewpoint of two kinds of handedness, which are proposed on the basis of whether or not ligand reflections are taken into consideration. After the additional formulation of sclerality under ligand-reflection-group symmetry, the three groups are integrated to generate RS-stereoisomeric groups, which are represented by stereoisograms as diagrammatic expressions. The vertical direction of a stereoisogram is concerned with (self-)enantiomeric relationships or chirality/achirality for supporting Le Bel’s way, while the horizontal direction is concerned with (self-)RS-diastereomeric relationships or RS-stereogenicity/RS-astereogenicity for supporting van’t Hoff’s way. By taking account of the diagonal direction for characterizing (self-)holantimeric relationships or sclerality/asclerality, the two kinds of handedness (chirality and RS-stereogenicity) are integrated to develop the concept of RS-stereoisomerism, which is an intermediate concept for mediating between enantiomerism and stereoisomerism. The creation of RS-stereoisomerism as an intermediate concept means the Aufheben of van’t Hoff’s way and Le Bel’s way. Thereby, Fujita’s stereoisogram approach has brought about a paradigm shift, so that modern stereochemistry has been restructured substantially on the basis of mathematical formulations, where true remedies for the misleading terminology of modern stereochemistry have been developed in a rational fashion. In particular, the hierarchy of isomers and stereoisomers has been thoroughly revised by adding RS-stereoisomerism, so as to develop a new flowchart based on equivalence relationships and equivalence classes, as exemplified by using various skeletons as probes.
Determinação da concentração de metais traço em sedimentos do estuário do rio Maracaípe – PE/BRASIL
Authors: Coimbra Camila Dias , Carvalho Glauber , Philippini Hélida , Silva Manoely França de Melo , Neiva Ericarlos 
Published: September 2016

A região de Maracaípe localizada no litoral sul de Pernambuco vem sofrendo um intenso processo de urbanização dos seus ecossistemas costeiros e transformações socioambientais pautadas no crescimento do turismo como principal atividade econômica. Apesar de ser uma área de grande importância social, econômica e ambiental, a região estuarina de Maracaípe tem sido pouco estudada, o que representa um estímulo para a realização do estudo. Coletas foram realizadas nos períodos seco (Dezembro/2011, Outubro/2012 e Novembro/2012) e chuvoso (Julho/2011, Agosto/2011, Abril/2012, Maio/2012, Julho/2012 e Agosto/2012), em três estações e nas margens direita e esquerda de cada estação, tendo sido avaliados in loco os parâmetros hidrológicos como pH, salinidade, transparência, temperatura e oxigênio dissolvido através de Sonda Multiparamétrica modelo YSI6600 V2-4 e comparados com a Resolução CONAMA nº 357/2005. Os sedimentos foram coletados a 10 cm de profuncidade, com espátula de acrílico, secos à temperatura ambiente, destorroados e peneirados em malha com abertura de 60 micra, para posterior determinação do teor de matéria orgânica e concentração dos metais traço (Cromo (Cr), Manganês (Mn), Ferro (Fe), Níquel (Ni), Cobre (Cu), Zinco (Zn), Cádmio (Cd) e Chumbo (Pb)). Para quantificação de metais traço nas amostras foi utilizado um Espectrômetro de Emissão Ótica em Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (ICP-OES). Os resultados dos parâmetros hidrológicos foram comparados à limites definidos pela resolução CONAMA 357/2004, e as concentrações de metais foram avaliadas levando-se em consideração limites definidos pelo Conselho Canadense dos Ministros de Meio Ambiente (CCME) para Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu e Zn, pela Agência Americana de Proteção ao Meio Ambiente (EPA) para Fe, além de background na Estação Rádio Pina para Mn. Os resultados indicaram que o rio Maracaípe possui teor de oxigênio dissolvido abaixo do limite legal aceitável com exceção da estação 1. As concentrações de metais encontradas evidenciam a presença de Cd e Pb acima dos limites máximos estabelecidos pelo CCME e de Fe acima do limite máximo definido pela EPA. As concentrações de metais encontradas evidenciam a presença de Cd (7,4 ± 1,5 mg.kg-1) e Pb (358 ± 63 mg.kg-1) acima dos limites máximos estabelecidos pelo CCME, quais sejam, 3,5 mg.kg-1 e 91,3 mg.kg-1, respectivamente, e de Fe (30.534 ± 7057 mg.kg-1) acima do limite máximo definido pela EPA (17.000 mg.kg-1). Os resultados encontrados (água e sedimento) foram cruzados utilizando-se o programa estatístico The Unscrambler 9.2, evidenciando correlação entre os parâmetros avaliados. Concluiu-se que os sedimentos da estação 3 são mais contaminados do que os das demais estações analisadas. As concentrações de metais traço acima do permitido por legislação sugerem continuidade no monitoramento da área estudada.
Aspherics in spectacle lenses
Authors: Dürsteler Juan Carlos 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A review of the use of aspherics in the last decades, understood in a broad sense as encompassing single-vision lenses with conicoid surfaces and free-form and progressive addition lenses (PALs) as well, is provided. The appearance of conicoid surfaces to correct aphakia and later to provide thinner and more aesthetically appealing plus lenses and the introduction of PALs and free-form surfaces have shaped the advances in spectacle lenses in the last three decades. This document basically considers the main target optical aberrations, the idiosyncrasy of single lenses for correction of refractive errors and the restrictions and particularities of PAL design and their links to science vision and perception.
Dynamic Garment Simulation based on Hybrid Bounding Volume Hierarchy
Authors: Zhu Dongyong , Li Zhong , Xia Feng , Xu Yong 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In order to solve the computing speed and efficiency problem of existing dynamic clothing simulation, this paper presents a dynamic garment simulation based on a hybrid bounding volume hierarchy. It firstly uses MCASG graph theory to do the primary segmentation for a given three-dimensional human body model. And then it applies K-means cluster to do the secondary segmentation to collect the human body’s upper arms, lower arms, upper legs, lower legs, trunk, hip and woman’s chest as the elementary units of dynamic clothing simulation. According to different shapes of these elementary units, it chooses the closest and most efficient hybrid bounding box to specify these units, such as cylinder bounding box and elliptic cylinder bounding box. During the process of constructing these bounding boxes, it uses the least squares method and slices of the human body to get the related parameters. This approach makes it possible to use the least amount of bounding boxes to create close collision detection regions for the appearance of the human body. A spring-mass model based on a triangular mesh of the clothing model is finally constructed for dynamic simulation. The simulation result shows the feasibility and superiority of the method described.
Semantic interoperability in IoT-based automation infrastructures
Authors: Herzog Reinhard , Jacoby Michael , Podnar Žarko Ivana 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The paper analyses and compares the different approaches to achieve semantic interoperability of the most influential IoT
reference architectures, namely the Industrial Internet Reference Architecture, Reference Architecture Model
Industrie 4.0, ISO/IEC Internet of Things Reference Architecture, the Internet of Things – Architecture (IoT-A) and
oneM2M functional architecture.
IIoT in vehicle assembly
Authors: Gewohn Marco , Grimm Björn 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The article reflects the results of a research with view on the transformation to a smart assembly line with the use of
IIoT in car manufacturing. It considers requirements on IIoT for an industrial use and for a use within the vehicle
assembly. Furthermore, it shows a set of technologies for an IIoT design for the collaboration of human, machine and
system. Then, the network of the system engineering with AutomationML and the relation to the production process is
described.
Measurement of Social Innovation at Organisation’s Level: Theoretical Issues
Authors: Dainienė Rasa , Dagilienė Lina 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The paper presents theoretical issues of social innovation measurement due to its multidimensional context. The purpose of this paper is to review the theoretical background on the topic of social innovation concept and TBL approach and to propose the conceptual model for measuring the value of social innovation at an organisation’s level.
The proposed measurement process for social innovation consists of four stages, which cover selection and implementation of the social innovation, identification of the scope of the social innovation, measurement and calculation of the consolidated index. Indicators for measurement value of social innovation are applied using the TBL approach. The conceptual model could be applied as a methodology for measuring value of social innovation.
Hybrid nanocomposites based on poly aryl ether ketone, boron carbide and multi walled carbon nanotubes: evaluation of tensile, dynamic mechanical and thermal degradation properties
Authors: Remanan Manu , Rao Rebbapragada Subba , Bhowmik Shantanu , Varshney Lalit , Abraham Mathew , Jayanarayanan Karingamanna 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In this study an attempt has been made to incorporate a radiation resistant filler like boron carbide (B4C) nanopowder along with multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) in a high performance polymer namely poly aryl ether ketone (PAEK) for potential applications in the nuclear industry. The dispersion of nanofillers in PAEK was established by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Infra red (IR) spectroscopy indicated the interaction between functionalized MWCNT (F-MWCNT) and PAEK. The optimum combination of B4C and F-MWCNT was obtained from the tensile property analysis. It was found from the dynamic mechanical analysis that the storage modulus of the composite at elevated temperature was enhanced by B4C inclusions. Mechanical damping factor spectra showed the shift of PAEK glass transition temperature to higher values due to the presence of B4C and F-MWCNT. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) presented the resistance offered by B4C to the degradation of PAEK especially at elevated temperatures.
Testing ecological suitability for the utilization of recycled aggregates
Authors: Vytlacilova Vladimira 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The utilization of inert recycled materials obtained from construction and demolition waste must be assessed, among others, in terms of their potential impacts on the environment and human health. The ecological suitability for subsequent applications is proven based on their chemical composition, the content of harmful substances, and their potential leakage into the surrounding environment. The ecological criteria are always determined according to the requirements of the legislation in force and according to the demand for a specific type of waste and its utilization. However, the specification of limit values for the evaluation of the content of harmful substances and other monitored parameters is a questionable issue. This article presents the results of an experimental program focused on the monitoring of the environmental risks of recycled aggregates. The analysis of the results of laboratory tests of recycled bricks, recycled concrete, and soil with aggregates points out the difficulty in complying with the conditions for the potential utilization of these recycled materials on ground surfaces. The objective of these tests is to compare the results of laboratory tests of recycled bricks, recycled concrete, and soil with aggregates obtained from different recycling facilities to the limit values stipulated by legislative regulations.
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Selective Reduction of a Nickeliferous Limonitic Laterite Ore by Hydrogen
Authors: Elliott R. , Pickles C. A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNickeliferous limonitic laterite ores are becoming increasingly attractive as a source of metallic nickel as the costs associated with recovering nickel from the sulphide ores increase. Unlike the sulphide ores, however, the laterite ores are not amenable to concentration by conventional mineral processing techniques such as froth flotation. One potential concentrating method would be the pyrometallurgical solid state reduction of the nickeliferous limonitic ores at relatively low temperatures, followed by beneficiation via magnetic separation. A number of reductants can be utilized in the reduction step, and in this research, a thermodynamic model has been developed to investigate the reduction of a nickeliferous limonitic laterite by hydrogen. The nickel recovery to the ferronickel phase was predicted to be greater than 95 % at temperatures of 673–873 K. Reductant additions above the stoichiometric requirement resulted in high recoveries over a wider temperature range, but the nickel grade of the ferronickel decreased.
Microwave-Assisted Preparation of Activated Carbon from Eupatorium Adenophorum: Effects of Preparation Parameters
Authors: Cheng Song , Zhang Shengzhou , Zhang Libo , Xia Hongying , Peng Jinhui , Wang Shixing 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEupatorium adenophorum, global exotic weeds, was utilized as feedstock for preparation of activated carbon (AC) via microwave-induced KOH activation. Influences of the three vital process parameters – microwave power, activation time and impregnation ratio (IR) – have been assessed on the adsorption capacity and yield of AC. The process parameters were optimized utilizing the Design Expert software and were identified to be a microwave power of 700 W, an activation time of 15 min and an IR of 4, with the resultant iodine adsorption number and yield being 2,621 mg/g and 28.25 %, respectively. The key parameters that characterize the AC such as the brunauer emmett teller (BET) surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter were estimated to be 3,918 m2/g, 2,383 ml/g and 2.43 nm, respectively, under the optimized process conditions. The surface characteristics of AC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and Transmission electron microscope.
Discussion of Carbon Emissions for Charging Hot Metal in EAF Steelmaking Process
Authors: Yang Ling-zhi , Jiang Tao , Li Guang-hui , Guo Yu-feng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAs the cost of hot metal is reduced for iron ore prices are falling in the international market, more and more electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking enterprises use partial hot metal instead of scrap as raw materials to reduce costs and the power consumption. In this paper, carbon emissions based on 1,000 kg molten steel by charging hot metal in EAF steelmaking is studied. Based on the analysis of material and energy balance calculation in EAF, the results show that 146.9, 142.2, 137.0, and 130.8 kg/t of carbon emissions are produced at a hot metal ratio of 0 %, 30 %, 50 %, and 70 %, while 143.4, 98.5, 65.81, and 31.5 kg/t of carbon emissions are produced at a hot metal ratio of 0 %, 30 %, 50 %, and 70 % by using gas waste heat utilization (coal gas production) for EAF steelmaking unit process. However, carbon emissions are increased by charging hot metal for the whole blast furnace–electric arc furnace (BF–EAF) steelmaking process. In the condition that the hot metal produced by BF is surplus, as carbon monoxide in gas increased by charging hot metal, the way of coal gas production can be used for waste heat utilization, which reduces carbon emissions in EAF steelmaking unit process.
Characterization of High Temperature Deformation Behavior of BFe10-1-2 Cupronickel Alloy Using Orthogonal Analysis
Authors: Cai Jun , Wang Kuaishe , Zhang Xiaolu , Wang Wen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHigh temperature deformation behavior of BFe10-1-2 cupronickel alloy was investigated by means of isothermal compression tests in the temperature range of 1,023~1,273 K and strain rate range of 0.001~10 s–1. Based on orthogonal experiment and variance analysis, the significance of the effects of strain, strain rate and deformation temperature on the flow stress was evaluated. Thereafter, a constitutive equation was developed on the basis of the orthogonal analysis conclusions. Subsequently, standard statistical parameters were introduced to verify the validity of developed constitutive equation. The results indicated that the predicted flow stress values from the constitutive equation could track the experimental data of BFe10-1-2 cupronickel alloy under most deformation conditions.
Movement coordination during sit-to-stand in low back pain people
Authors: Shafizadeh Mohsen 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare the inter-joint coordination during sit-to-stand (STD) and stand-to-sit (SIT)
execution between healthy people and people with low back pain.MethodsFifteen healthy adults (age = 45.14 ± 5.18 years)
and fifteen age-matched (age = 46.17 ± 8.26 years) people with chronic low back pain were selected voluntarily. They performed
three repetitions of STD and SIT movement patterns in their preferred pace. Motion analysis system was used for measuring
3-dimensional (3D) angular displacement of hip, knee and ankle joints during execution of movement patterns. Decomposition
indices were analysed and were compared between two groups through Hotelling T<sup>2</sup> Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA)
and follow-up Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)ResultsThe results showed that there is a significant difference (T<sup>2</sup> = 18.32,
F<sub>14, 5</sub> = 8.33, <i>p</i> < 0.05) between the groups on decomposition indices. The ANOVA follow-up results showed that there are significant
differences between two groups on decomposition indices of the whole pattern of STD (F<sub>1, 18</sub> = 7.96, <i>p</i> < 0.05), whole pattern of
SIT (F<sub>1, 18</sub> = 5.37, <i>p</i> < 0.05), the first-half phase of STD (F<sub>1, 18</sub> = 7.26, <i>p</i> < 0.05) and the first-half phase of SIT (F<sub>1, 18</sub> = 6.33, <i>p</i> < 0.05).ConclusionsPeople with low back pain have dis-coordination in the function of different body parts, and results in pausing
of one segment while the other segment moves independently. This knowledge may help in the development of rehabilitation
strategies for movement in this population.
The progressive in spoken learner language: A corpus-based analysis of use and misuse
Authors: Dose-Heidelmayer Stefanie , Götz Sandra 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates advanced German learners’ use of the progressive in spoken English by analyzing the German error-tagged subcorpus of LINDSEI-GE compared to the native speaker counterpart LOCNEC. The analysis reveals a significant underuse of the progressive in the spoken language. Our qualitative error analysis shows that the error patterns do not explain the frequency patterns at all, as there is only a very low proportion of errors caused by a non-use of the progressive in contexts where it would be required. The most frequent type of error is a misuse of the progressive in non-required contexts. Finally, we find that there is great variability in the performances of the individual learners, also as regards the number and types of errors committed.
Boresight Calibration of Mobile Laser Scanner Using an External Fixture
Authors: Jian Zhenxiang , Ravani Bahram 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The boresight misalignment of a mobile laser scanning system is a major source of error for point cloud data and cannot be measured directly. This paper presents a new boresight calibration method for a mobile laser scanner system that uses an external fixture with a simple checkerboard pattern. The boresight angles are determined by minimizing the differences between the measured relative distances of the intersection points of the squares in a checkerboard fixture with the corresponding actual distances in the fixture. Experimental results from scanning the checkerboard pattern on the fixture show that the calibrated values of the boresight angles match the manufacturer’s values within 0.22 cm. Using this simple checkerboard fixture in the field prevents surveyors from having to rely on roadway features or setting control targets and provides for an alternative approach for the boresight calibration of a mobile laser scanner system.
On asymorphisms of groups
Authors: Protasov Igor , Slobodianiuk Serhii 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Let G, H be groups and let

κ

${{\kappa}}$

be a cardinal. A bijection

f
:

G
→
H

${f:G\to H}$

is called an asymorphism if, for any

X
∈

[
G
]

<
κ

${X\in[G]^{<{\kappa}}}$

,

Y
∈

[
H
]

<
κ

${Y\in[H]^{<{\kappa}}}$

, there exist

X
′

∈

[
G
]

<
κ

${X^{\prime}\in[G]^{<{\kappa}}}$

,

Y
′

∈

[
H
]

<
κ

${Y^{\prime}\in[H]^{<{\kappa}}}$

such that for all

x
∈
G

${x\in G}$

and

y
∈
H

${y\in H}$

, we have

f
⁢

(

X
⁢
x

)

⊆

Y
′

⁢
f
⁢

(
x
)

${f(Xx)\subseteq Y^{\prime}f(x)}$

,

f

-
1

⁢

(

Y
⁢
y

)

⊆

X
′

⁢

f

-
1

⁢

(
y
)

${f^{-1}(Yy)\subseteq X^{\prime}f^{-1}(y)}$

. For a set S,

[
S
]

<
κ

${[S]^{<{\kappa}}}$

denotes the set

{

S
′

⊆
S

:

|

S
′

|

<
κ

}

${\{S^{\prime}\subseteq S:|S^{\prime}|<{\kappa}\}}$

.
Let

κ

${{\kappa}}$

and γ be cardinals such that

ℵ
0

<
κ
≤
γ

${\aleph_{0}<{\kappa}\leq\gamma}$

.
We prove that any two Abelian groups of cardinality γ are

κ

${{\kappa}}$

-asymorphic, but the free group of rank γ is not

κ

${{\kappa}}$

-asymorphic to an Abelian group provided that either

κ
<
γ

${{\kappa}<\gamma}$

or

κ
=
γ

${{\kappa}=\gamma}$

and

κ

${{\kappa}}$

is a singular cardinal.
It is known [9] that if

γ
=
κ

${\gamma={\kappa}}$

and

κ

${{\kappa}}$

is regular, then any two groups of cardinality

κ

${{\kappa}}$

are

κ

${{\kappa}}$

-asymorphic.
A group of generalized finitary automorphisms of an abelian group
Authors: Dardano Ulderico , Rinauro Silvana 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
We study the group

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)}$

generated by the inertial automorphisms of an abelian group A, that is, automorphisms

γ

${{\gamma}}$

with the property that each subgroup H of A has finite index in the subgroup
generated by H and

H
⁢
γ

${H{\gamma}}$

. Clearly,

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)}$

contains the group

FAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{FAut}(A)}$

of finitary automorphisms of A, which is known to be locally finite. In a previous paper, we showed that

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)}$

is (locally finite)-by-abelian. In this paper, we show that

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)}$

is also metabelian-by-(locally finite). More precisely,

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)}$

has a normal subgroup

Γ

${{\Gamma}}$

such that

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

/
Γ

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)/{\Gamma}}$

is locally finite and the derived subgroup

Γ
′

${{\Gamma}^{\prime}}$

is an abelian periodic subgroup all of whose subgroups are normal in

Γ

${{\Gamma}}$

. In the case when A is periodic,

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)}$

turns out to be abelian-by-(locally finite) indeed, while in the general case it is not even (locally nilpotent)-by-(locally finite). Moreover, we provide further details about the structure of

IAut
⁡

(
A
)

${\operatorname{IAut}(A)}$

.