bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-inferiority of retrospective data collection for assessing perioperative morbidity
Authors: Patel Amour B.U. , Reyes Anna , Ackland Gareth L. 
Published: December 2015

Background.Postoperative morbidity has immediate and delayed consequences for surgical patients, including excess risk of premature death. Capturing these data objectively and routinely in large electronic databases using tools such as the Postoperative Morbidity Survey (POMS) would offer tremendous clinical and translational potential. However, POMS has thus far only utilised prospective data collection by research staff. We hypothesised that retrospective data collection from routinely collated hospital data from paper and electronic charts, medical and nursing notes was non-inferior to prospective data collection requiring research staff capturing POMS-defined morbidity in real-time.Methods.Morbidity was recorded by a trained investigator as defined by POMS prospectively on postoperative days 3 and 7. Separately, an independent investigator blinded to prospectively acquired data retrospectively assessed the same patients’ morbidity as defined by POMS criteria, using medical charts, nursing summaries and electronic data. Equivalence was accepted when the confidence limits for both modes of data collection fell completely inside the equivalence bounds, with the maximum equivalence difference (i.e., the largest value of the difference in sensitivities deemed to reach a conclusion of equivalence) set a priori at 0.2. Differences for confidence limits between retrospective and prospective data collection were based on Nam’s RMLE method. The relationship between morbidity on postoperative day 3 as recorded by each data collection method on time to become morbidity free and length of hospital stay was compared using the log-rank test.Results.POMS data from 85 patients undergoing elective or emergency surgery were analyzed. At postoperative day 3, POMS-defined morbidity was similar regardless of whether data were collected prospectively or retrospectively (95% CI [−0.13–0.013];p< 0.001). Non-inferiority for sensitivity was observed for all other POMS domains and timepoints. Time to become morbidity free Kaplan–Meier plots were indistinguishable between POMS obtained prospectively or retrospectively (hazard ratio: 1.09 (95% CI [0.76–1.57]);p= 0.33, log rank test). Similarly, the mode of data collection did not alter the association between early postoperative morbidity on postoperative day 3 and delayed hospital discharge.Conclusions.Postoperative morbidity as defined by the Post Operative Morbidity Survey can be assessed retrospectively. These data may therefore be easily captured using electronic patient record systems, thereby expanding the potential for bioinformatics approaches to generate new clinical and translational insights into recovery from surgery.
Pyrrole‐Imidazole Polyamides: Manual Solid‐Phase Synthesis
Authors: Pauff Steven M. , Fallows Andrew J. , Mackay Simon P. , Su Wu , Cullis Paul M. , Burley Glenn A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPyrrole‐imidazole polyamides (PAs) are a family of DNA‐binding peptides that bind in the minor groove of double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) in a sequence‐selective, programmable fashion. This protocol describes a detailed manual procedure for the solid‐phase synthesis of this family of compounds. The protocol entails solution‐phase synthesis of the Boc‐protected pyrrole (Py) and imidazole (Im) carboxylic acid building blocks. This unit also describes the importance of choosing the appropriate condensing agent to form the amide linkages between each building block. Finally, a monomeric coupling protocol and a fragment‐based approach are described that delivers PAs in 13% to 30% yield in 8 days. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Novel Assay to Identify the Trafficking Proteins that Bind to Specific Vesicle Populations
Authors: Bentley Marvin , Banker Gary 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHere we describe a method capable of identifying interactions between candidate trafficking proteins and a defined vesicle population in intact cells. The assay involves the expression of an FKBP12‐rapamycin binding domain (FRB)–tagged candidate vesicle‐binding protein that can be inducibly linked to an FKBP‐tagged molecular motor. If the FRB‐tagged candidate protein binds the labeled vesicles, then linking the FRB and FKBP domains recruits motors to the vesicles and causes a predictable, highly distinctive change in vesicle trafficking. We describe two versions of the assay: a general protocol for use in cells with a typical microtubule‐organizing center and a specialized protocol designed to detect protein‐vesicle interactions in cultured neurons. We have successfully used this assay to identify kinesins and Rabs that bind to a variety of different vesicle populations. In principle, this assay could be used to investigate interactions between any category of vesicle trafficking proteins and any vesicle population that can be specifically labeled. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Geomorphic and biophysical factors affecting water tracks in northern Alaska
Authors: Trochim E. D. , Jorgenson M. T. , Prakash A. , Kane D. L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA better understanding of water movement on hillslopes in Arctic environments is necessary for evaluating the effects of climate variability. Drainage networks include a range of features that vary in transport capacity from rills to water tracks to rivers. This research focuses on describing and classifying water tracks, which are saturated linear‐curvilinear stripes that act as first‐order pathways for transporting water off of hillslopes into valley bottoms and streams. Multiple factor analysis was used to develop five water tracks classes based on their geomorphic, soil, and vegetation characteristics. The water track classes were then validated using conditional inference trees, to verify that the classes were repeatable. Analysis of the classes and their characteristics indicate that water tracks cover a broad spectrum of patterns and processes primarily driven by surficial geology. This research demonstrates an improved approach to quantifying water track characteristics for specific areas, which is a major step toward understanding hydrological processes and feedbacks within a region.
Remote sensing of water tracks
Authors: Trochim E. D. , Prakash A. , Kane D. L. , Romanovsky V. E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWater tracks are an intrinsic part of the surficial drainage network in the foothills of the Brooks Range, Alaska. They preferentially transport water off hillslopes and represent the interplay between hydrology, vegetation, geomorphology, and permafrost characteristics. This research on mapping the location of water tracks builds on previous work which demonstrated that different types of water tracks exist due to difference primarily driven by geomorphology. We used a combination method where spectral classifications, texture, and topography were fed into random forests to identify the water track classes. The most accurate distributions were obtained for the organic‐rich and wide water track classes. The distinct linear shapes of the water tracks could also be visualized for many of the classes, especially in areas where the water tracks were particularly discrete. The biggest challenges to mapping the water tracks were due to class imbalances and high variability within and overlapping between classes. This research presents a significant step forward in understanding periglacial landscape dynamics.
Simulation of cooling and pressure effects on inflated pahoehoe lava flows
Authors: Glaze Lori S. , Baloga Stephen M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractPahoehoe lobes are often emplaced by the advance of discrete toes accompanied by inflation of the lobe surface. Many random effects complicate modeling lobe emplacement, such as the location and orientation of toe breakouts, their dimensions, mechanical strength of the crust, microtopography, and a host of other factors. Models that treat the movement of lava parcels as a random walk have explained some of the overall features of emplacement. However, cooling of the surface and internal pressurization of the fluid interior have not been modeled. This work reports lobe simulations that explicitly incorporate (1) cooling of surface lava parcels, (2) the propensity of breakouts to occur at warmer margins that are mechanically weaker than cooler ones, and (3) the influence of internal pressurization associated with inflation. The surface temperature is interpreted as a surrogate for the mechanic strength of the crust at each location and is used to determine the probability of a lava parcel transfer from that location. When only surface temperature is considered, the morphology and dimensions of simulated lobes are indistinguishable from equiprobable simulations. However, inflation within a lobe transmits pressure to all connected fluid locations with the warmer margins being most susceptible to breakouts and expansion. Simulations accounting for internal pressurization feature morphologies and dimensions that are dramatically different from the equiprobable and temperature‐dependent models. Even on flat subsurfaces the pressure‐dependent model produces elongate lobes with distinct directionality. Observables such as topographic profiles, aspect ratios, and maximum extents should be readily distinguishable in the field.
Tests for Anxiety‐Related Behavior in Mice
Authors: Hölter Sabine M. , Einicke Jan , Sperling Bettina , Zimprich Annemarie , Garrett Lillian , Fuchs Helmut , Gailus‐Durner Valerie , Hrabé de Angelis Martin , Wurst Wolfgang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPhenotyping of inbred mouse strains and genetically modified mouse models for characteristics related to neuropsychiatric diseases includes assessing their anxiety‐related behavior. A variety of tests have been developed to measure anxiety in laboratory rodents and these tests have been placed under scrutiny over the years concerning their validity. Here we describe the most widely used tests for anxiety in mice. The protocols we present are established methods used in the German Mouse Clinic (GMC), with which alterations in anxiety could successfully be discovered in mouse mutants. Moreover, since baseline anxiety levels in mice are easily influenced by a great variety of disturbances, we carefully outline the critical parameters that need to be considered. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Teacher Immediacy in the Classroom
Authors: Mazer Joseph P. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Teacher immediacy is among the most widely researched constructs in classroom communication research. Most studies have drawn on the work of Mehrabian to explain the construct, manifest behaviors, and how students might approach or avoid a teacher who utilizes or does not utilize immediacy behaviors in the classroom. Mehrabian indicated that the effects of immediacy on a receiver in an interaction might be best understood through a proximity metaphor. Immediacy behaviors can produce a sense of liking, which might lead the receiver to approach the speaker. Conversely, nonimmediate behaviors typically do not produce feelings of liking, which lead the receiver to avoid the speaker. For more than 30 years and in as many as 200 studies, scholars have explored the effects of teacher immediacy on a host of classroom variables. Considerable controversy exists pertaining to the theoretical underpinnings, measurement of, and findings related to teacher immediacy.
Direct adaptive neural control of nonlinear strict‐feedback systems with unmodeled dynamics using small‐gain approach
Authors: Wang Huanqing , Yang Hongyan , Liu Xiaoping , Liu Liang , Li Shuai 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIn this paper, a novel direct adaptive neural control approach is presented for a class of single‐input and single‐output strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with nonlinear uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, and dynamic disturbances. Radial basis function neural networks are used to approximate the unknown and desired control signals, and a direct adaptive neural controller is constructed by combining the backstepping technique and the property of hyperbolic tangent function. It is shown that the proposed control scheme can guarantee that all signals in the closed‐loop system are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded in mean square. The main advantage of this paper is that a novel adaptive neural control scheme with only one adaptive law is developed for uncertain strict‐feedback nonlinear systems with unmodeled dynamics. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The apportionment of human diversity revisited
Authors: Hunley Keith L. , Cabana Graciela S. , Long Jeffrey C. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectivesStudies of the apportionment of human genetic diversity have found that local populations harbor nearly as much diversity as the species as a whole. These studies have been a valuable cornerstone in rejecting race as a biological framework in anthropology. The current study presents new analyses that use updated statistical methods based on bifurcating trees to assess the structure of human genetic diversity and its implications for the existence of canonical biological races.Materials and MethodsWe examine patterns of both goodness‐of‐fit and lack‐of‐fit of two bifurcating trees to patterns of diversity determined from autosomal short tandem repeat genotypes in 1,037 people representing 52 populations with worldwide distribution.ResultsFrom goodness‐of‐fit, we infer a root for the tree within Africa, and we recapitulate a pattern of decreasing genetic diversity with increasing geographic distance from Africa. From lack‐of‐fit, we present tentative evidence for admixture events with archaic hominins. We do not find evidence that long‐range migration or local gene flow have contributed appreciably to the lack of fit at a global scale.ConclusionThis is the first study to find a root for a tree of human populations without comparison to a nonhuman out‐group, and it is one of the first studies to identify a signature of admixture with archaic hominins without reference to ancient DNA. Our findings complement previous studies of the apportionment of human diversity and provide a more solid evolutionary foundation for the rejection of biological race. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:561–569, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two parametric cell cycle analyses of plant cell suspension cultures with fragile, isolated nuclei to investigate heterogeneity in growth of batch cultivations
Authors: Haas Christiane , Hegner Richard , Helbig Karsten , Bartels Kristin , Bley Thomas , Weber Jost 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTPlant cell suspensions are frequently considered to be heterogeneous with respect to growth in terms of progression of the cells through the cell cycle and biomass accumulation. Thus, segregated data of fractions in different cycle phases during cultivation is needed to develop robust production processes. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and BrdU‐antibodies or 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) click‐it chemistry are frequently used to acquire such information. However, their use requires centrifugation steps that cannot be readily applied to sensitive cells, particularly if nuclei have to be extracted from the protective cellular milieu and envelopes for DNA analysis. Therefore, we have established a BrdU‐Hoechst stain quenching protocol for analyzing nuclei directly isolated from delicate plant cell suspension cultures. After adding BrdU to test Harpagophytum procumbens cell suspension cultures the cell cycle distribution could be adequately resolved using its incorporation for the following 72 h (after which BrdU slowed biomass accumulation). Despite this limitation, the protocol allows resolution of the cell cycle distribution of cultures that cannot be analyzed using commonly applied methods due to the cells’ fragility. The presented protocol enabled analysis of cycling heterogeneities in H. procumbens batch cultivations, and thus should facilitate process control of secondary metabolite production from fragile plant in vitro cultures. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1244–1250. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Co‐registration of angiography and intravascular ultrasound images through image‐based device tracking
Authors: Prasad Megha , Cassar Andrew , Fetterly Kenneth A. , Bell Malcolm , Theessen Heike , Ecabert Olivier , Bresnahan John F. , Lerman Amir 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo determine the feasibility of automated co‐registration of angiography and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) to facilitate integration of these two imaging modalities in a synchronous manner.BackgroundIVUS provides cross‐sectional imaging of coronary arteries but lacks overview of the vascular territory provided by angiography. Co‐registration of angiography and IVUS would increase utility of IVUS in the clinical setting.MethodsForty‐nine consecutive patients undergoing surveillance for cardiac allograft vasculopathy with angiography and IVUS of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) were enrolled. A pre‐IVUS angiogram of the LAD was performed followed by an ECG‐triggered fluoroscopy (ECGTF) during IVUS pullback at 0.5 mm/s using an automatic pullback device. ECGTF was used to track the IVUS catheter during pullback and establish a spatial relationship to the pre‐IVUS angiogram. Angio‐IVUS co‐registration was performed with a research prototype (Siemens Healthcare, Germany) and accuracy was evaluated by distance mismatch between angiography and IVUS images at vessel bifurcations.ResultsMedian age was 54 (44.5, 67) years. The population was 82.6% male with minimal risk factors. The median (IQR) co‐registration distance mismatch measured at 108 bifurcations in 42 (85%) patients was 0.35 (0.00–1.16) mm. Seven patients were excluded due to inappropriate data acquisition (n = 3) and failure of tracking (n = 4), e.g., due to overlapping sternal wires. Estimated effective radiation dose for ECGTF was 0.09 mSv.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the feasibility of angio‐IVUS co‐registration which may be used as a clinical tool for localizing IVUS cross‐sections along an angiographic roadmap. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insulin detemir may be less efficacious in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Whyte Martin , Quaglia Alberto , Hopkins David 
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical MessageInsulin detemir is commonly used in obese patients with diabetes mellitus as it is considered hepatoselective and causes less weight gain. We describe a relative lack of effectiveness of detemir in patients with significant NAFLD and hypertriglyceridemia, compared to isophane insulin. This may affect how such patients are managed with insulin.
Synthesis of fatty acid conjugates with phenols, carbohydrates, amines, and CH‐acidic compounds by Pd(0)‐catalyzed allylic substitution
Authors: Zobel Michael , Schäfer Hans J. 
Published: November 2015

The efficiency of a pharmaceutical can be increased by connecting it to a fatty acid. Nucleophilic allylic substitution of methyl 10‐undecenoate and methyl oleate with palladium(0) as catalyst is explored to see, whether this reaction is useful for such connections with regard to yield and selectivity. For that purpose the allylic CH‐bonds in methyl 10‐undecenoate and methyl oleate were oxidized with selenium dioxide and tert‐butylhydroperoxide. The obtained allylic alcohols were then activated by conversion into their methyl carbonates. Allylic substitution was performed with O‐nucleophiles as methanol, carbohydrates, and different phenols as α‐tocopherol and estradiol; furthermore N‐ and C‐nucleophiles were applied. The yields of substitution products were in the range of 37–98%. High yields of conjugates were obtained with phenols, even when the hydroxy group was sterically shielded. These conjugates have an ether bond, a CN or a CC bond as link. They should have the advantage to be more stable in body fluids than the frequently applied conjugates being connected by the less inert ester bond. Triesters and dicyanoesters obtained with C‐nucleophiles can be possibly used as cross linkers for polyesters and polyamides.Practical applications: These conjugates should be more stable in cells and body fluids than the frequently applied conjugates being connected by the less inert ester bond. Triesters and dicyanoesters obtained with C‐nucleophiles can be possibly used as cross linkers for polyesters and polyamides.Methyl 9‐hydroxy‐10‐undecenoate is prepared by allylic oxidation from methyl 10‐undecenoate. After esterification to the methyl carbonate this leaving group is substituted via Pd(0)‐catalysis by O‐, N‐, and C‐nucleophiles to afford fatty acid conjugates. Similarly methyl oleate is converted.
An SPH pressure correction algorithm for multiphase flows with large density ratio
Authors: Zhou L. , Cai Z. W. , Zong Z. , Chen Z. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIn this paper, we propose an interfacial pressure correction algorithm for smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) simulation of multiphase flows with large density ratios. This correction term is based on the assumption of small deformation of the interface, and derived from perturbation expansion analysis. It is also proven to be applicable in cases with complex interfaces. This correction algorithm helps to overcome the discontinuities of the pressure gradient over the interfaces, which may cause unphysical gap between different phases. This proposed correction algorithm is implemented on a recent multiphase SPH model, which is based on the assumption of pressure continuity over the interfaces. The coupled dynamic solid boundary treatment is used to simulate solid walls; and a cut‐off pressure is applied to avoid negative particle pressure, which may cause computational instabilities in SPH. Three numerical examples of air–water flows, including sloshing, dam breaking, and water entry, are presented and compared with experimental data, indicating the robustness of our pressure correction algorithm in multiphase simulations with large density ratios. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pretreatment serum xanthophyll concentrations as predictors of head and neck cancer recurrence and survival
Authors: Arthur Anna E. , Bellile Emily L. , Rozek Laura S. , Peterson Karen E. , Ren Jianwei , Harris Ethan , Mueller Christie , Jolly Shruti , Peterson Lisa A. , Wolf Gregory T. , Djuric Zora 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine associations of pretreatment serum carotenoids, tocopherols, and quercetin with prognosis in 154 patients newly diagnosed with head and neck cancer.MethodsPretreatment blood and health surveys were collected. Serum micronutrients were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Data on recurrence and death were collected annually. Cox proportional hazards models measured associations of serum nutrient concentrations with recurrence and overall survival.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up time of 37 months, there were 32 recurrences and 27 deaths. After controlling for covariates, subjects with high versus low serum xanthophyll and total carotenoid concentrations had significantly longer recurrence‐free time (p = .002 and p = .02, respectively). Overall survival time was significantly longer in patients with high versus low serum xanthophyll concentrations (p = .02).ConclusionFuture research should evaluate the possible benefits of interventions to increase intakes of rich food sources of xanthophylls in this patient population. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1591–E1597, 2016