bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-world effectiveness of early anti-SARS therapy in severely immunocompromised COVID-19 outpatients during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant era: a propensity score–adjusted retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pinargote-Celorio Héctor , Moreno-Pérez Óscar , González-De-La-Aleja Pilar , Llenas-García Jara , Martínez Pérez-Crespo Pedro María , Rodríguez-Díaz Juan-Carlos , Martínez-López Belén , Merchante Gutiérrez Nicolás , Ramos-Rincón José-Manuel , Merino Esperanza 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The effectiveness of the early treatment for antiviral agents in SARS-CoV-2 infection is closely related to patient comorbidities. Data on effectiveness in immunocompromised patients are limited, with reports involving highly heterogeneous and not well-defined populations. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of treatment in reducing hospitalizations in a real-world cohort of severely immunocompromised COVID-19 outpatients.

Patients and methods
We conducted a multicentre, retrospective, observational cohort study of immunocompromised outpatients attended in infectious diseases departments from 1 January to 31 December 2022. Propensity score matching (PSM) multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the adjusted odds ratio [(aOR, 95% confidence interval (CI)] for the association between antiviral prescription and outcome (COVID-19–related hospitalization up to Day 90).

Results
We identified 746 immunocompromised outpatients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. After eligibility criteria and PSM, a total of 410 patients were analysed: 205 receiving treatment (remdesivir, sotrovimab or nirmatrelvir/ritonavir) and 205 matched controls. Fifty-two patients required at least one COVID-19–related hospitalization 8 (3.9%) versus 44 (21.5%) in the antiviral and matched control cohorts, respectively. There were 13 deaths at 90 days, of which only 4 were COVID-19–related and none in the antiviral treatment group. After adjustment for residual confounders, the use of early therapy was associated with a protective effect on the risk of hospitalization [aOR 0.13 (0.05–0.29)], as was the use of biological immunomodulators [aOR 0.27 (0.10–0.74)], whereas chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [aOR 4.65 (1.09–19.69)] and anti-CD20 use [aOR 2.76 (1.31–5.81)] increased the odds.

Conclusions
Early antiviral treatment was associated with a reduced risk of COVID-19–related hospitalization in ambulatory severely immunocompromised COVID-19 patients.
Target-site cefiderocol pharmacokinetics in soft tissues of healthy volunteers
Authors: Sanz-Codina Maria , van Os Wisse , Pham Anh Duc , Jorda Anselm , Wölf-Duchek Michael , Bergmann Felix , Lackner Edith , Lier Constantin , van Hasselt J G Coen , Minichmayr Iris K , Dorn Christoph , Zeitlinger Markus , al Jalali Valentin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Cefiderocol may potentially be used to treat skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs). However, the pharmacokinetics of cefiderocol in human soft tissues have not yet been determined. The objective of the present PK study was to investigate whether target-site concentrations of cefiderocol are sufficiently high for the treatment of SSTIs.

Methods
In this pharmacokinetic study, a single intravenous dose of 2 g cefiderocol was administered to eight healthy male volunteers. Drug concentrations were determined in plasma, muscle and subcutis over 8 h. Free plasma concentrations were calculated using the plasma protein binding determined with ultrafiltration. Free tissue concentrations were obtained using microdialysis. Penetration ratios were calculated as AUC0-8h_free_tissue/AUC0-8h_free_plasma. A population pharmacokinetic model was developed, and the probability of target attainment (PTA) was determined using Monte Carlo simulations.

Results
Cefiderocol showed good tissue penetration, with mean penetration ratios ± standard deviation of 0.99 ± 0.33 and 0.92 ± 0.30 for subcutis and muscle, respectively. Cefiderocol pharmacokinetics in plasma were best described with a two-compartment model, and tissue concentrations were described by scaling the tissue concentrations to concentrations in the peripheral compartment of the plasma model. For a thrice-daily regimen with 2 g doses intravenously infused over 3 h, PTA was ≥90% for MIC values up to 4 mg/L, both based on free plasma and soft tissue pharmacokinetics.

Conclusions
This study indicates that a dose of 2 g cefiderocol achieves concentrations in plasma considered sufficient for treating relevant bacterial species. Assuming a comparable PK/PD target for soft tissues, sufficiently high concentrations would also be achieved in soft tissues.
High-fat and high-sugar diets induce rapid adaptations of fat storage in the house fly Musca domestica L.
Authors: Boatta Francesco , van Hal Jurgen , Beukeboom Leo W , Ellers Jacintha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Dietary change can be a strong evolutionary force and lead to rapid adaptation in organisms. High-fat and high-sugar diets can challenge key metabolic pathways, negatively affecting other life history traits and inducing pathologies such as obesity and diabetes. In this study, we use experimental evolution to investigate the plastic and evolutionary responses to nutritionally unbalanced diets. We reared replicated lines of larvae of the housefly Musca domestica on a fat-enriched (FAT), a sugar-enriched (SUG), and a control (CTRL) diet for thirteen generations. We measured development time in each generation and larval growth and fat accumulation in generations 1, 7, and 13. Subsequently, all lines were reared for one generation on the control diet to detect any plastic and evolutionary changes. In the first generation, time to pupation decreased on a fat-rich diet and increased on a sugar-rich diet. The fat-rich diet increased fat accumulation and, to a lesser extent, the dry weight of the larvae. Multigenerational exposure to unbalanced diets caused compensatory changes in development time, dry weight, and absolute and relative fat content, although pattern and timing depended on diet and trait. When put back on a control diet, many of the changes induced by the unbalanced diets disappeared, indicating that the diet has large plastic effects. Nevertheless, fat-evolved lines still grew significantly larger than the sugar-evolved lines, and sugar-evolved lines had consistently lower fat content. This can be an effect of parental diet or an evolutionary change in nutrient metabolism as a consequence of multigenerational exposure to unbalanced diets.
The conservation value of small population remnants: Variability in inbreeding depression and heterosis of a perennial herb, the narrow-leaved purple coneflower (Echinacea angustifolia)
Authors: Thoen Riley D , Southgate Andrea , Kiefer Gretel , Shaw Ruth G , Wagenius Stuart 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Anthropogenically fragmented populations may have reduced fitness due to loss of genetic diversity and inbreeding. The extent of such fitness losses due to fragmentation and potential gains from conservation actions are infrequently assessed together empirically. Controlled crosses within and among populations can identify whether populations are at risk of inbreeding depression and whether inter-population crossing alleviates fitness loss. Because fitness depends on the environment and life stage, studies quantifying cumulative fitness over a large portion of the lifecycle in conditions that mimic natural environments are most informative. To assess the fitness consequences of habitat fragmentation, we leveraged controlled within-family, within-population, and between-population crosses to quantify inbreeding depression and heterosis in seven populations of Echinacea angustifolia within a 6,400-ha area. We then assessed cumulative offspring fitness after 14 yr of growth in a natural experimental plot (N = 1,136). The mean fitness of progeny from within-population crosses varied considerably, indicating genetic differentiation among source populations, even though these sites are all less than 9 km apart. The fitness consequences of within-family and between-population crosses varied in magnitude and direction. Only one of the seven populations showed inbreeding depression of high effect, while four populations showed substantial heterosis. Outbreeding depression was rare and slight. Our findings indicate that local crossings between isolated populations yield unpredictable fitness consequences ranging from slight decreases to substantial increases. Interestingly, inbreeding depression and heterosis did not relate closely to population size, suggesting that all fragmented populations could contribute to conservation goals as either pollen recipients or donors.
Prognostic risk score and index including the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and lactate dehydrogenase in patients with metastatic or unresectable urothelial carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Kobayashi Keita , Sakano Shigeru , Matsumoto Hiroaki , Yamamoto Mitsutaka , Tsuchida Masahiro , Tei Yasuhide , Nagao Kazuhiro , Oba Kazuo , Kitahara Seiji , Yano Seiji , Yoshihiro Satoru , Yamamoto Yoshiaki , Ohmi Chietaka , Komatsu Hirotaka , Misumi Taku , Akao Jumpei , Shiraishi Koji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Avelumab and pembrolizumab are administered after platinum-based chemotherapy for the treatment of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. We explored the prognostic factors and risk scores for predicting the outcomes of metastatic or unresectable urothelial carcinoma at the start of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients with metastatic or unresectable urothelial carcinoma treated with avelumab or pembrolizumab after platinum-based chemotherapy between January 2017 and December 2022. Prognostic factors, including patient and tumor characteristics and blood data at the initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, were examined.

Results
This study included 36 and 207 patients treated with avelumab and pembrolizumab, respectively, for metastatic or unresectable urothelial carcinoma. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, presence of visceral metastases, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and lactate dehydrogenase levels were independent prognostic factors for predicting overall survival. The median overall survival of patients in the risk-score model was 58.5 months (score zero), 27.9 months (one), 13.1 months (two) and 3.9 months (three or higher). The C-index for overall survival was 0.718 for the newly developed risk score compared with 0.679 for the Bellmunt score and 0.703 for the Bellmunt-C-reactive protein score. Additionally, the C-index for overall survival using the immune prognostic index derived from lactate dehydrogenase and the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was 0.646 compared with 0.615 for the Lung Immune Prognostic Index.

Conclusions
A risk score that includes the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio and lactate dehydrogenase may serve as a useful model for predicting prognosis following the initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with metastatic or unresectable urothelial carcinoma.
Evaluation of the In2care Mosquito Station against Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) under semifield conditions
Authors: Buckner Eva A , Romero-Weaver Ana L , Schluep Sierra M , Bellamy Shawna K , Zimler Rebecca A , Kendziorski Natalie L , Ramirez Daviela , Whitehead Shelley A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Culex quinquefasciatus is an important mosquito vector responsible for the transmission of filarial worms, arthropod-borne viruses like Oropouche, St. Louis encephalitis, and West Nile and protozoans that cause avian malaria. Due to insecticide resistance documented in Cx. quinquefasciatus populations worldwide, integrated vector management programs can benefit from new strategies to control this species. The In2Care Mosquito Station (In2Care station), a commercially available dissemination station containing pyriproxyfen (PPF) and Beauveria bassiana spores, has been shown to be effective against skip-ovipositing Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in previously conducted semifield and field trials. To determine the potential of Cx. quinquefasciatus adult females to autodisseminate PPF and if the In2Care station could be used for Cx. quinquefasciatus control, we assessed its efficacy in a semifield setting against wild Cx. quinquefasciatus. We found that the In2Care station was attractive to gravid Cx. quinquefasciatus females, with a significantly higher percentage of egg rafts laid in the In2Care station compared to alternative ovipots. Adult females successfully autodisseminated PPF from the In2Care station to surrounding ovipots, leading to a significant increase in mosquito emergence inhibition. Additionally, adult Cx. quinquefasciatus exposure to B. bassiana spores significantly reduced mosquito survivorship. These results suggest that the In2Care station may be effective against Cx. quinquefasciatus in addition to Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Additional field evaluations are needed to assess impacts at the population level.
Procedural politicking for what? Bureaucratic reputation and democratic governance
Authors: Park Joohyung 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As the bureaucratic policymaking process has frequently deviated from conventional procedures contemplated by administrative law statutes, recent research suggests that bureaucrats strategically use rulemaking procedures to pursue their own goals and circumvent political interventions. However, the literature has often neglected implementation issues that bureaucrats confront in the policymaking process. Building on a bureaucratic reputation perspective that explicitly recognizes bureaucrats’ concern for implementation failure and reputational damage, this study examines when and why U.S. federal agencies issue rules without prior notice and comment instead of proposing rules through the conventional notice-and-comment process. Using logistic regressions with fixed effects, based on over 16,000 rules published between 2000 and 2020, we find that agencies are more likely to solicit prior public comment when making more complex and stringent rules. However, they tend to bypass it when making new rules and joint rules with other agencies. This study also shows that the positive effect of rule stringency on agencies’ use of the conventional notice-and-comment process tends to be more pronounced in agencies with higher proportions of professional bureaucrats. Overall, our findings indicate that bureaucrats’ choices of rulemaking procedures might be shaped by their incentives to prevent implementation failure and preserve agency reputation, which can be compatible with the norms of democratic governance.
Effect of neutron beam properties on dose distributions in a water phantom for boron neutron capture therapy
Authors: Ishikawa Akihisa , Tanaka Hiroki , Nakamura Satoshi , Kumada Hiroaki , Sakurai Yoshinori , Watanabe Kenichi , Yoshihashi Sachiko , Tanagami Yuki , Uritani Akira , Kiyanagi Yoshiaki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
From the viewpoints of the advantage depths (ADs), peak tumor dose and skin dose, we evaluated the effect on the dose distribution of neutron beam properties, namely the ratio between thermal and epithermal neutron fluxes (thermal/epithermal ratio), fast neutron component and γ-ray component. Several parameter surveys were conducted with respect to the beam properties of neutron sources for boron neutron capture therapy assuming boronophenylalanine as the boron agent using our dose calculation tool, called SiDE. The ADs decreased by 3% at a thermal/epithermal ratio of 20–30% compared with the current recommendation of 5%. The skin dose increased with the increasing thermal/epithermal ratio, reaching a restricted value of 14 Gyeq at a thermal/epithermal ratio of 48%. The fast neutron component was modified using two different models, namely the ‘linear model’, in which the fast neutron intensity decreases log-linearly with the increasing neutron energy, and the ‘moderator thickness (MT) model’, in which the fast neutron component is varied by adjusting the MT in a virtual beam shaping assembly. Although a higher fast neutron component indicated a higher skin dose, the increment was &lt;10% at a fast neutron component of &lt;1 × 10−12 Gy cm2 for both models. Furthermore, in the MT model, the epithermal neutron intensity at a fast neutron component of 6.8 × 10−13 Gy cm2 was 41% higher compared with that of 2 × 10−13 Gy cm2. The γ-ray component also caused no significant disadvantages up to several times larger compared with the current recommendation.
Forecasting school enrollments in the Australian Capital Territory
Authors: Shen Tianyu , Raymer James , Hendy Caroline 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
School enrollment forecasts are vital for effective planning. This study introduces a probabilistic multiregional population projection model, which accounts for different components, including preschool entries, migration, grade progression, and graduations. Using different distributions with a cohort component projection and Monte Carlo simulation, this paper forecasts student enrollments for each school and academic year level in the Australian Capital Territory based on the annual record-level administrative data. In the in-sample validation tests, the model’s overall performance is robust, and the probabilistic design offers reliable prediction intervals reflecting the variation in observed values. The paper ends with a discussion on the importance of prediction intervals for informing school planning.
A case of minimum invasive debranch thoracic endovascular aortic repair for isolated left vertebral artery: complete revascularization without artificial vessels via a single small incision
Authors: Tsutsui Masahiro , Miyatani Kazuki , Shirakura Kentaro , Setogawa Yuki , Suzuki Fumitaka , Miyamoto Hiroyuki , Okubo Ryo , Ushioda Ryohei , Kunioka Shingo , Ishikawa Natsuya , Otani Norihumi , Kamiya Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Isolated left vertebral artery (ILVA) is one of the most frequent vertebral abnormalities. When performing thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR), the ILVA may have to be closed depending on the position of the stent graft; in these cases, the decision to reconstruct the ILVA depends on the state of cerebral blood flow. Here, we report a case of a 68-year-old male, in whom the Willis arterial circle was incomplete; we therefore performed a reconstructive method during zone 2-landing TEVAR that ensured ILVA and left subclavian artery blood flow without the use of artificial vessels. Only one supraclavicular incision was required for reconstruction. This method has some procedural difficulties; however, it does not use artificial blood vessels and can be performed with a single incision.
Mixed neuroendocrine–nonneuroendocrine epithelial neoplasm of muscle invasive bladder cancer: a clinicopathologic case study
Authors: Tran Pierre , Rama Sai P , Prasad Chaya , Do Hanh , Parsa Cyrus 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Mixed neuroendocrine–nonneuroendocrine epithelial neoplasms are rare malignant neoplasms that may occur in the bladder with highly aggressive behavior. Because of its worse prognosis, when compared to the pure urothelial carcinoma without the neuroendocrine component, the bladder mixed neuroendocrine–nonneuroendocrine epithelial neoplasm may be considered a distinct clinicopathologic entity. We present a case of mixed neuroendocrine–nonneuroendocrine epithelial neoplasm occurring in the urinary bladder of an elderly female with a personal history of chronic kidney disease, drug-resistant urinary tract infections, and neurogenic bladder. Her presenting symptoms included complaints of abdominal pain, urinary urgency, oliguria, dysuria, and occasional hematuria. Recognition of the clinicopathologic features of these rare aggressive neoplasms is important for accurate early diagnosis, necessitating appropriate therapeutic management.
Appendicular diverticulosis complicated by acute appendicitis and organizing abscess: what does the surgeon need to consider intraoperatively?
Authors: Al Jabran Hussain , Aljawad Hameed , Alnajjar Jawad S , AlRaihan Jawaher , Al Omar Sarah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency, affecting 7%–10% of people worldwide, whereas appendicular diverticulosis is rare, occurring in 0.004%–2.1% of appendectomy cases and often mimicking appendicitis symptoms. A 35-year-old male presented with right lower quadrant pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Clinical examination showed tenderness in the right iliac fossa. Imaging suggested uncomplicated acute appendicitis, but surgery revealed an appendiceal mass suspected to be a carcinoid tumor. Histopathology post-appendectomy diagnosed appendicular diverticulosis complicated by acute appendicitis. This case emphasizes the need for thorough histopathological examination in appendectomy cases to accurately diagnose and differentiate appendicular conditions. Appendiceal diverticulitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of right lower quadrant pain to ensure proper surgical intervention and prevent complications.
Follow-up report on pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoma in a patient with von Hippel–Lindau disease
Authors: Olarewaju Bukola A , Tejon Judy B , Osundiji Mayowa A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With the increasing opportunities for medical management of von Hippel–Lindau (VHL)-related lesions, fundamental questions are arising regarding the possibilities of the FDA-approved medication (Belzutifan) to delay the progression of other non-VHL-related tumors that are not requiring urgent surgical interventions. We present a follow-up report on a VHL patient, with a co-morbid history of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, who was initially described in the clinical scientific literature ~10 years ago. This patient’s case highlights some of the challenges for some VHL patients with comorbid non-VHL-related tumors and potential opportunities for targeted support.
‘Ed: Agberowe’, Seventeenth-Century Collector of Restoration Playbooks
Authors: McInnis David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A number of seventeenth-century books-almost exclusively Restoration playbooks-bear the ownership inscription ‘Ed: Agberowe’ on their title pages (and often a second signature on a subsequent page). This article provides an overview of the books known to have been in Agberowe’s collection and supplies a brief biographical sketch, revealing some impressive literary connections to Butler, Milton, and Marvell. Recovery of Agberowe’s life and library has intrinsic interest in terms of his colourful biography and his literary tastes, which, it is suggested, may have developed in relation to his employment throughout the 1660s and via the family of his wife, Theophila Cornewall. Perhaps more significant, though, is that the recovery of Agberowe’s story provides a new example of a seventeenth-century book-collector who seems to have been interested primarily in acquiring playbooks.