bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiobjective optimization of resin transfer molding curing process for silicon‐containing arylacetylene resin‐matrix composites
Authors: Jin Chaoen , Wang Lei , Zhu Huamei , Wang Fan , Zhu Yaping , Qi Huimin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSilicon‐containing arylacetylene resin (PSA)‐matrix composites hold great potential for aerospace applications due to their excellent heat resistance. In recent years, many PSAs with specific functions have been designed via materials genome approach (MGA), and appropriate resin transfer molding (RTM) curing processes need to be screened to strike a balance between low cost and high quality. In this study, a novel tool based on finite element curing simulation and multiobjective genetic algorithm was developed to optimize the RTM curing process for novel PSA‐matrix composites. The silicon‐containing fluorenylacetylene resin (PSA‐VBF) was selected as the object to systematically characterize its apparent curing kinetics. To address the problem of explosive polymerization of the resin at the injection port during the RTM process, a multiobjective optimization of the curing process using a genetic algorithm was performed to obtain the Pareto front with the maximum temperature gradient at the injection port of the resin, the maximum degree of cure gradient of the composites, and the process time as the objectives. A global sensitivity analysis was also conducted to identify the key parameters. The results demonstrate that the optimized curing process can significantly reduce the temperature gradient and the curing degree gradient with improved curing efficiency.
Does a stronger moral identity lead to a more reserved sense of humor? The influence of moral identity on sense of humor and its underlying psychological mechanisms
Authors: Fan Liting , Sun Binghai , Lin Shuwei , Zhou Jiahao , Chen Tenglong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThree studies were conducted to examine the influence of moral identity on sense of humor, employing the benign violation theory (BVT) as a theoretical framework. Study 1 (n = 350), a questionnaire‐based survey, aimed to establish a preliminary exploration of the relationship between moral identity and sense of humor. Studies 2 (n = 172) and 3 (n = 172) jointly examined the impact of activated moral identity on sense of humor (humor appreciation, humor sharing) through the recollection and writing task. The results of these studies indicated that the effects of (activated) moral identity on the sense of humor (humor appreciation, humor sharing) were moderated by the type of humor and social distance of the target. On the one hand, high levels of (or activated) moral identity can significantly and positively predict sense of humor (humor appreciation, sharing); on the other hand, when there is a moral violation in the humor, and the target involved is at a close social distance, activated moral identity decreases the humor appreciation and humor sharing, where benign judgment plays a mediating role. These findings enrich the understanding of the complex relationship between moral identity and sense of humor, and have significant theoretical and practical implications.
Delirium event and associated treatment modifications among older adults with Alzheimer's disease: An interrupted time‐series analysis of Medicare data
Authors: Talwar Ashna , Chatterjee Satabdi , Abughosh Susan , Johnson Michael , Sherer Jeffrey , Aparasu Rajender R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundBoth Alzheimer's disease (AD) and deliriogenic medications increase the risk of delirium in older adults. This study examined the association between delirium and the subsequent monthly use of anticholinergic, sedative, and opioid medications in the 1 year after delirium in older adults with AD.MethodsThis comparative interrupted time series analysis involved adults (aged 65 years and older) with a diagnosis of AD initiating on cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) based on 2013–2017 Medicare data. Separate patient‐level segmented regression models were used for each outcome to evaluate changes in the cumulative anticholinergic burden (CAB), sedative load, and opioid load after the delirium/index event using a 12‐month baseline and follow‐up period among patients who had a delirium event and those without delirium (control group). Propensity score‐based stabilized weights were utilized to balance baseline factors in the delirium and control groups.ResultsThe study included 80,019 older adults with AD with incident ChEI use; 17.11% had delirium. There was an immediate decline in monthly CAB after the delirium event (mean estimate −0.86, p‐value: 0.01) compared to the control group. A similar decline was observed when examining the sedative load (−0.06, p‐value: 0.002) after the delirium event. However, there was no decline in opioid load (−0.50, p‐value: 0.18). In the long term, CAB (0.13; p‐value: <0.0001), sedative load (0.01; p‐value: <0.001), and opioid load (0.07; p‐value: 0.006) increased over the 1‐year post‐delirium period in the delirium group compared to those without delirium.ConclusionThis study found the burden of deliriogenic medications over the 1‐year follow‐up showed increasing trends in older adults with AD, even though there was some level shift in CAB and sedative load after the delirium event.
Mastery performance‐goal orientation objective test: goal orientation profiles
Authors: Romero Miriam , Juola James F. , Casadevante Cristina , Hernández José Manuel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Mastery Performance‐Goal Orientation Test (MP‐GOT) assesses performance‐ and mastery‐orientation along a single bipolar dimension. In Study 1 (n = 198) we explored its psychometric properties and determined whether its results were related to learning. In addition, we employed Latent Profile Analysis to explore goal orientation profiles. In Study 2 (n = 1689) we explored whether goal orientation scores were related to cooperation and whether the goal orientation profiles identified in Study 1 were replicated. In both studies, reliability of the MP‐GOT was high, and a 4‐profile solution was retained. Mastery‐oriented participants tend to obtain higher learning scores (Study 1) and higher cooperation scores (Study 2). MP‐GOT has the potential to be a useful instrument for measuring goal orientation and its relation to relevant behavioral outcomes.
Spatial Distribution of Thaw Depth in Palsas Estimated From Optical Unoccupied Aerial Systems Data
Authors: Verdonen Mariana , Villoslada Miguel , Kolari Tiina H. M. , Tahvanainen Teemu , Korpelainen Pasi , Tarolli Paolo , Kumpula Timo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMaximum seasonal thaw depth, referred to as active layer thickness (ALT), is one of the key parameters used to monitor permafrost conditions. ALT maps based on interpolation of point measurements or derived from coarse or moderate spatial resolution satellite data often hide small‐scale spatial variations in thaw depth resulting from differences in surface characteristics and microtopography. To model and predict changes in hydrological and biogeochemical processes in permafrost areas accurately, high‐resolution remote sensing‐based estimations of ALT are needed. Therefore, we applied random forest (RF) regression on a set of topographical and spectral vegetation indices derived from optical unoccupied aerial systems data, Landsat 8 land surface temperature (LST) data, and field measurements to estimate thaw depths in palsas at three mires in north‐west Finland. We also analyzed differences in thaw depths between mires located at different elevations, between dome and plateau‐shaped palsas, and between different vegetation and surface cover classes. The RF models resulted in root mean square errors from 2.4 to 5.7 cm between predicted and observed thaw depths and the R2 values of 0.57–0.96. Height from the surrounding fen surface and LST were the most important variables in thaw depth models, although high‐accuracy results were also achieved without LST. The mean thaw depths did not differ between the sites with lowest and highest elevation, whereas the thaw depths were significantly deeper in dome‐shaped palsas compared to plateaus. The thaw depths were significantly different between vegetation cover classes only on plateau‐shaped palsas. The results indicate the high impact of the topography on the palsa thaw depth, thus highlighting the importance of accurate elevation models in spatial modeling of palsa ALT. The methodology presented in this study can be applied to other permafrost regions where field measurements of ALT are accompanied with high‐resolution topographical and multispectral data.
PBPK modeling of recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc) and rFIX to characterize the binding to type 4 collagen in the extravascular space
Authors: Cloesmeijer Michael E. , Sjögren Erik , Koopman Sjoerd F. , Lenting Peter. J. , Cnossen Marjon H. , Mathôt Ron A. A. ,   the OPTI‐CLOT study group and SYMPHONY consortium
Published: September 2024

AbstractPatients with severe and sometimes moderate hemophilia B are prophylactically treated with factor IX concentrates to prevent bleeding. For some time now, various extended terminal half‐life (EHL) recombinant factor IX concentrates are available allowing less frequent administration during prophylaxis in comparison to standard half‐life recombinant FIX (rFIX). Especially, recombinant FIX‐Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc; Alprolix®) exhibits a rapid distribution phase, potentially due to binding to type IV collagen (Col4) in the extravascular space. Studies suggest that the presence of extravascular rFIXFc is protective against bleeding as without measurable FIX activity in plasma, and no extra bleeding seems to occur. The physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for rFIXFc which we describe in this study, is able to accurately predict the observed concentration‐time profiles of rFIXFc in plasma and is able to quantify the binding of rFIXFc to Col4 in the extravascular space after an intravenous dose of 50 IU/kg rFIXFc in a male population. Our model predicts that the total AUC of rFIXFc bound to Col4 in the extravascular space is approximately 19 times higher compared to the AUC of rFIXFc in plasma. This suggests that rFIXFc present in the extravascular compartment may play an important role in achieving hemostasis after rFIXFc administration. Further studies on extravascular distribution of rFIXFc and the distribution profile of other EHL‐FIX concentrates are needed to evaluate the predictions of our PBPK model and to investigate its clinical relevance.
Characteristics and trends of Atlantic tropical cyclones that do and do not develop from African easterly waves
Authors: Bercos‐Hickey Emily , Patricola Christina M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAtlantic tropical cyclones (TCs) are known to develop from African easterly waves (AEWs) that propagate across North Africa and out over the Atlantic Ocean. The relationship between AEWs and TCs has been the subject of numerous previous studies. There are, however, many Atlantic TCs that do not have AEW origins. In this study, we provide a novel analysis of the characteristics and trends of Atlantic TCs both with and without AEW origins using 43 years of observational and reanalysis data. To conduct this research, we identified TCs with and without AEW origins from the observational record between 1980 and 2022, and ran objective tracking algorithms on reanalysis data to identify the AEWs and TCs during this time period. We found statistically significant differences in the characteristics and environments of TCs with and without AEW origins. TCs with AEW origins are stronger and costlier, experience more favorable environmental conditions, and are more likely to make landfall in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean when compared to TCs without AEW origins. Additionally, the 43‐year increasing trend in Atlantic TC activity is primarily driven by an increase in TCs with AEW origins that is associated with increasing AEW frequency and strength, with anthropogenic aerosols potentially driving this trend. In contrast, we found no trend in TCs without AEW origins.
An optimised method to isotopically label pure synthetic peptides ‘in‐house’ for absolute quantification in bottom‐up proteomics
Authors: Bhakta Nikita , Maxwell Colleen B. , Atunde Shimon , Sandhu Jatinderpal K. , Slingsby Oliver C. , Brady Emer M. , Jones Donald J. L. , Ng Leong L. 
Published: September 2024

RationaleHeavy‐labelled internal standards increasingly represent the gold standard for absolute quantitation in mass spectrometry (MS)‐based bottom‐up proteomics. The biggest drawbacks of using these standards are that they have high costs and lengthy lead times.MethodsWe describe an efficient, low‐cost optimised method to enable ‘in‐house’ heavy labelling of synthetic tryptic peptides for absolute quantification using tandem LC‐MS/MS mass spectrometry. Our methodology uses 18O water in a trypsin‐catalysed oxygen exchange reaction at the carboxyl terminus with the overall aim of reducing the costs and lead time associated with sourcing heavy standards from commercial vendors.ResultsStep‐by‐step instructions are provided on how to execute this protocol with high‐throughput adaptations utilising a 96‐well plate and a liquid‐handling robot. Detailed notes on experimental setup, tips for troubleshooting and suggested improvements to maximise labelling efficiencies are highlighted to achieve the best results. Under optimum conditions, labelling efficiencies of peptides can reach from 95% to 100%.ConclusionsThe application of the ‘in‐house’ labelled standards in generating calibration curves to quantify endogenous peptide concentrations is just as effective as using the synthetically sourced standards while also having great cost reduction implications as well as saving time spent waiting for peptides to arrive. The protocol is highly adaptable and can be customized to fit the specific setup of any laboratory, maximizing achievable labelling efficiencies.
Trade‐offs and synergies between dimensions of well‐being among smallholder farmers in Savannakhet province, Lao PDR
Authors: Appelt Jonas L. , Siengsounthone Latsamy , Phonekeo Sengaloun , Essink Dirk , Verburg Peter H. , van Vliet Jasper 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAgrarian transition is often seen as a pathway towards sustainable development and increasing well‐being for rural households. However, empirical evidence on trade‐offs and synergies between different dimensions of well‐being as a result of agrarian transitions is lacking. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of 360 households across 12 villages in Savannakhet province, Lao PDR. We find evidence of synergies across different farmer types and between all included well‐being dimensions; economic, food security, health, and gender equality. However, for intensive paddy rice farmers, synergies are predominantly positive, while for non‐intensive cash crop farmers synergies are mostly negative. These findings indicate that development in one well‐being dimension may provide improvements in other dimensions, but that benefits can be difficult to achieve for some types of farmers. Our results further suggest that rural development policies focussing on a single well‐being aspect, for example supporting non‐farm incomes, may have co‐benefits beyond the immediate development targets.
Colloidal Quasi‐2D Methylammonium Lead Bromide Perovskite Nanostructures with Tunable Shape and High Chemical Stability
Authors: Klein Eugen , Lesyuk Rostyslav , Klinke Christian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractControl over the lateral dimensions of colloidal nanostructures is a complex task which requires a deep understanding of the formation mechanism and reactivity in the corresponding systems. As a result, it provides a well‐founded insight to the physical and chemical properties of these materials. In this work, the preparation of quasi‐2D methylammonium lead bromide nanostripes and discuss the influence of some specific parameters on the morphology and stability of this material is demonstrated. The variation in the amount of the main ligand dodecylamine gives a large range of structures beginning with 3D brick‐like particles at low concentrations, nanostripes at elevated and ultimately nanosheets at large concentrations. The amount of the co‐ligand trioctylphosphine can alter the width of the nanostripe shape to a certain degree. The thickness can be adjusted by the amount of the second precursor methylammonium bromide. Additionally, insights are given for the suggested formation mechanism of these anisotropic structures as well as for stability against moisture at ambient conditions in comparison with differently synthesized nanosheet samples.
Diverse Self‐assembly Pathways in Nematic Compartment Network: Topological Percolation and Pathfinding
Authors: Jang Seongmin , Park Yong Woo , Kim Sunkuk , Panov Vitaly P. , Shen Tian‐zi , Hong Seung‐Ho , Song Jang‐Kun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe self‐assembly of nematic molecules in microcompartments with unambiguously defined surface anchoring is well predictable and is likely to have a single stable topological structure. Here, in contrast, a confined nematic system comprising an array of microcompartments interconnected by channels is demonstrated, exhibiting diverse molecular assembly pathways leading to the formation of four types of topological structures and twelve different patterns randomly distributed. Intercompartment communication via channels plays a crucial role in the diversity of patterns and distributions. It determines the sizes and structures of domains separated by channel defects. The domain structure, which features a pathfinding algorithm and reverse tree structure, can be modelled by an isotropically directed bond percolation with additional restrictions. This system serves as a model for controlled randomness and restricted growth of networks, with potential applications in anticounterfeit protection as a physically unclonable function (PUF) with multiple‐level communication protocols.
Defect Engineering in CuS1‐x Nanoflowers Enables Low‐Overpotential and Long‐Cycle‐Life of Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Feng Juanjuan , Abbas Adeel , Zhao Lingwen , Sun Hao , Li Zhihao , Wang Chunlei , Wang Hongchao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe defect engineering is essential for the development of efficient cathode catalysts for lithium‐oxygen batteries. Herein, CuS1‐x nanoflowers are fabricated by microwave hydrothermal method. Through theoretical and experimental analysis, the S vacancies are observed, which result in augmented charge around Cu, improved adsorption of LiO2, and reduced overpotential. On the one hand, the generated electronic defects cause the Fermi level to shift toward the conduction band, which enhances the electronic conductivity and ion transfer. On the other hand, the increased S vacancies provide a large number of Cu active sites, which increase the charge transfer from Cu to LiO2, which improves the stability of the intermediate adsorption. Interactively, CuS1‐x catalyst obtains a capacity of 23,227 mAh g−1 and a cycle life of 225 at 500 mA g−1. This work will be helpful for obtaining an efficient cathode catalyst by providing a deep understanding of vacancy modulation in advanced catalysts.
Heteronanotrimers by Selective Photodeposition of Gold Nanodots on Janus‐Type Cu2‒xS/CuInS2 Heteronanocrystals
Authors: Zhao Fenghuan , Xia Chenghui , Hao Junjie , Donegá Celso de Mello , Delville Marie‐Hélène , Delville Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the development of environmentally friendly Au‐Cu2−xS/CuInS2 heteronanotrimers. The chosen strategy relies on the laser photodeposition of a single gold nanodot (ND) onto Janus Cu2−xS/CuInS2 heteronanocrystals (HNCs). This method offers precise control over the number, location, and size (5 to 8 nm) of the Au NDs by adjusting laser power for the career production, concentration of hole scavenger for charge equilibration in redox reactions, and gold precursor concentration, and exposure time for the final ND size. The photoreduction of gold ions onto HNCs starts systematically at the Cu2−xS tip. The Au deposition then depends on the CuInS2 segment length. For short HNCs, stable Au‐Cu2−xS/CuInS2 heteronanotrimers form, while long HNCs undergo a secondary photo‐induced step: the initial Au ND is progressively oxidized, with concomitant deposition of a second gold ND on the CuInS2 side, to yield Au2S‐Cu2−xS/CuInS2‐Au heteronanotrimers. Results are rationalized by quantitative comparison with a model that describes the growth kinetics of NDs and Au‐Cu2−xS transformation and emphasizes the importance of charge separation in predicting selective deposition in heteronanotrimer production. The key parameter controlling Au‐Cu2‒xS/CuInS2 HNCs is the photoinduced electric field gradient generated by charge separation, which is tailored by controlling the CuInS2 segment size.
Polymeric silk fibroin hydrogel as a conductive and multifunctional adhesive for durable skin and epidermal electronics
Authors: Fu Fanfan , Liu Changyi , Jiang Zhenlin , Zhao Qingyu , Shen Aining , Wu Yilun , Gu Wenyi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSilk fibroin (SF)‐based hydrogels are promising multifunctional adhesive candidates for real‐world applications in tissue engineering, implantable bioelectronics, artificial muscles, and artificial skin. However, developing conductive SF‐based hydrogels that are suitable for the micro‐physiological environment and maintain their physical and chemical properties over long periods of use remains challenging. Herein, we developed an ion‐conductive SF hydrogel composed of glycidyl methacrylate silk fibroin (SilMA) and bioionic liquid choline acylate (ChoA) polymer chains, together with the modification of acrylated thymine (ThyA) and adenine (AdeA) functional groups. The resulting polymeric ion‐conductive SF composite hydrogel demonstrated high bioactivity, strong adhesion strength, good mechanical compliance, and stretchability. The formed hydrogel network of ChoA chains can coordinate with the ionic strength in the micro‐physiological environment while maintaining the adaptive coefficient of expansion and stable mechanical properties. These features help to form a stable ion‐conducting channel for the hydrogel. Additionally, the hydrogel network modified with AdeA and ThyA, can provide a strong adhesion to the surface of a variety of substrates, including wet tissue through abundant hydrogen bonding. The biocompatible and ionic conductive SF composite hydrogels can be easily prepared and incorporated into flexible skin or epidermal sensing devices. Therefore, our polymeric SF‐based hydrogel has great potential and wide application to be an important component of many flexible electronic devices for personalized healthcare.