bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Higher Wages Reduce Knowledge Worker's Job Mobility? Evidence for Swedish Inventors
Authors: Ejermo Olof , Schubert Torben 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBased on linked employer‐employee panel data on all Swedish inventors, this paper analyses how wages affect inventors’ job mobility. It is commonly assumed that higher wages reduce mobility because they reduce the value of outside opportunities. We argue that higher wages also send performance signals to potential employers, who raise their wage offers in response. By disentangling the effects of higher wages, we show evidence of a utility and an opportunity cost effect, which reduce mobility, and a performance‐signalling effect, which increases mobility. In our data, the effects cancel each other out, with no effects of wages on mobility rates on average. We find, however, that for star inventors, who have sufficiently strong alternative performance signals (e.g., strong patent records), the performance signal sent by wages is crowded out by the alternative signals. Accordingly, for star inventors we find that higher wages decrease mobility.
DNA methylation patterns of genes related to immune response in the different clinical forms of oral lichen planus
Authors: Cruz Aline Fernanda , de Resende Renata Gonçalves , de Lacerda Júlio César Tanos , Pereira Núbia Braga , Melo Leonardo Augusto , Diniz Marina Gonçalves , Gomes Carolina Cavalieri , Gomez Ricardo Santiago 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundThe oral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory disease. Although its aetiology is not well understood, the role of T lymphocytes in its inflammatory events is recognised. Identifying the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of this immune‐mediated condition is fundamental for understanding the inflammatory reaction that occurs in the disease. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the methylation pattern of 21 immune response‐related genes in the different clinical forms of oral lichen planus.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was performed to analyse the DNA methylation patterns in three distinct groups of oral lichen planus: (i) reticular/plaque lesions; (ii) erosive lesions; (iii) normal oral mucosa (control group). After DNA extraction from biopsies, the samples were submitted to digestions by methylation‐sensitive and methylation‐dependent enzymes and double digestion. The relative percentage of methylated DNA for each gene was provided using real‐time polymerase chain reaction arrays.ResultsHypermethylation of the STAT5A gene was observed only in the control group (59.0%). A higher hypermethylation of the ELANE gene was found in reticular/plaque lesions (72.1%) compared to the erosive lesions (50.0%).ConclusionOur results show variations in the methylation profile of immune response‐related genes, according to the clinical type of oral lichen planus after comparing with the normal oral mucosa. Further studies are necessary to validate these findings using gene expression analysis.
Tax incidence on competing two‐sided platforms
Authors: Belleflamme Paul , Toulemonde Eric 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe analyze the effects of various taxes on competing two‐sided platforms. First, we consider nondiscriminating taxes. We show that specific taxes are entirely passed to the agents on the side on which they are levied; other agents and platforms are left unaffected. Transaction taxes hurt agents on both sides and benefit platforms. Ad valorem taxes are the only tax instrument that allows the tax authority to capture part of the platforms' profits. Second, regarding asymmetric taxes, we show that agents on the untaxed side benefit from the tax. At least one platform, possibly the taxed one, benefits from the tax.
Associations between resistance phenotype and gene expression in response to serial exposure to oxacillin and ciprofloxacin in Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Uddin M.J. , Ahn J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This study was designed to delineate the relationship between resistance phenotypes and gene expression in wild-type (SAWT), oxacillin-induced (SAOXA), ciprofloxacin-induced (SACIP) and clinically acquired antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (SACA) exposed to oxacillin (β-lactam) and ciprofloxacin (fluoroquinolone). The phenotypic response and gene expression were varied with the antibiotic exposure. SAWT was highly resistant to oxacillin (MIC = 8 μg ml−1) after serial exposure to oxacillin, while the oxacillin susceptibility was not changed in SAWT when exposed to ciprofloxacin (MIC = 0·25 μg ml−1). The clinical isolate, SACA, was highly resistant to all classes of antibiotics used in this study. The increased resistance of SAOXA and SACIP to penicillinase-labile penicillins was attributed to the production of β-lactamase, which is in good agreement with the overexpression of blaZ (&gt;2-fold). The overexpression of efflux pump-related genes (norA, norB, norC, mdeA, mepR, mgrA and lmrS) was associated with the increased resistance of SACIP and SACA to aminoglycosides and quinolones. This study confirmed that the linkage between resistance phenotypes and molecular genotypes highly varied depending on intrinsic resistance profile, response to antibiotic exposure and genes conferring resistance. This study provides useful information for understanding the mechanisms of methicillin resistance in S. aureus in association with phenotypic and genotypic resistance determinants.

Significance and Impact of the Study
The improvement in current standards is essential to accurately detect methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in consideration of various resistance phenotypes and genotypes. The varied and distinctive expression patterns of antibiotic resistance-related genes were observed in S. aureus exposed to oxacillin and ciprofloxacin. It is worth noting the relationship between resistance phenotype and resistance genotype in terms of MIC values and expression of antibiotic resistance determinants. This study provides useful information for understanding the mechanisms of methicillin resistance in S. aureus in association with phenotypic and genotypic resistance determinants.
Signatures of polygenic adaptation associated with climate across the range of a threatened fish species with high genetic connectivity
Authors: Harrisson Katherine A. , Amish Stephen J. , Pavlova Alexandra , Narum Shawn R. , Telonis‐Scott Marina , Rourke Meaghan L. , Lyon Jarod , Tonkin Zeb , Gilligan Dean M. , Ingram Brett A. , Lintermans Mark , Gan Han Ming , Austin Christopher M. , Luikart Gordon , Sunnucks Paul 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAdaptive differences across species’ ranges can have important implications for population persistence and conservation management decisions. Despite advances in genomic technologies, detecting adaptive variation in natural populations remains challenging. Key challenges in gene–environment association studies involve distinguishing the effects of drift from those of selection and identifying subtle signatures of polygenic adaptation. We used paired‐end restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing data (6,605 biallelic single nucleotide polymorphisms; SNPs) to examine population structure and test for signatures of adaptation across the geographic range of an iconic Australian endemic freshwater fish species, the Murray cod Maccullochella peelii. Two univariate gene–association methods identified 61 genomic regions associated with climate variation. We also tested for subtle signatures of polygenic adaptation using a multivariate method (redundancy analysis; RDA). The RDA analysis suggested that climate (temperature‐ and precipitation‐related variables) and geography had similar magnitudes of effect in shaping the distribution of SNP genotypes across the sampled range of Murray cod. Although there was poor agreement among the candidate SNPs identified by the univariate methods, the top 5% of SNPs contributing to significant RDA axes included 67% of the SNPs identified by univariate methods. We discuss the potential implications of our findings for the management of Murray cod and other species generally, particularly in relation to informing conservation actions such as translocations to improve evolutionary resilience of natural populations. Our results highlight the value of using a combination of different approaches, including polygenic methods, when testing for signatures of adaptation in landscape genomic studies.
Assessment of the test‐retest reliability of human gingival blood flow measurements by Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging in a healthy cohort
Authors: Molnár Eszter , Fazekas Réka , Lohinai Zsolt , Tóth Zsuzsanna , Vág János 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe reliability of gingival blood flow measured by Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging is unknown. Our aim was to investigate the effect of factors inherent in oral mucosa measurement on intra‐day and inter‐day reliability.MethodsGingival blood flow was measured in seventy healthy subjects. First, measurements were obtained by varying the incidence angle of imaging, using a lip retractor. Second, 3 snapshots were taken with closure of the mouth in‐between, and lips were retracted by a dental mirror. These were repeated 1 week later. Third, snapshots were taken either by direct view or using a mirror. Reliability was assessed based on coefficient of variation.ResultsUnlike retraction of the lips and the mirror, the incidence angle had an effect on mean blood flow. The coefficient of variation within a subject was 6.4% with the mouth constantly open. With retraction, the intra‐session, and the inter‐day coefficient of variation were 8.3% and 10.5%, respectively. The coefficient of variation was 11.9% by alternating direct and indirect imaging.ConclusionsLaser Speckle Contrast Imaging has good short‐ and long‐term reliability regardless of lip retraction or an indirect view. This technique seems to be appropriate for the long‐term clinical non‐invasive follow‐up of gingival microcirculation.
Target of rapamycin complex 1 and Tap42‐associated phosphatases are required for sensing changes in nitrogen conditions in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Li Jinmei , Yan Gonghong , Liu Sichi , Jiang Tong , Zhong Mingming , Yuan Wenjie , Chen Shaoxian , Zheng Yin , Jiang Yong , Jiang Yu 
Published: October 2017

SummaryIn yeast target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) and Tap42‐associated phosphatases regulate expression of genes involved in nitrogen limitation response and the nitrogen discrimination pathway. However, it remains unclear whether TORC1 and the phosphatases are required for sensing nitrogen conditions. Utilizing temperature sensitive mutants of tor2 and tap42, we examined the role of TORC1 and Tap42 in nuclear entry of Gln3, a key transcription factor in yeast nitrogen metabolism, in response to changes in nitrogen conditions. Our data show that TORC1 is essential for Gln3 nuclear entry upon nitrogen limitation and downshift in nitrogen quality. However, Tap42‐associated phosphatases are required only under nitrogen limitation condition. In cells grown in poor nitrogen medium, the nitrogen permease reactivator kinase (Npr1) inhibits TORC1 activity and alters its association with Tap42, rendering Tap42‐associated phosphatases unresponsive to nitrogen limitation. These findings demonstrate a direct role for TORC1 and Tap42‐associated phosphatases in sensing nitrogen conditions and unveil an Npr1‐dependent mechanism that controls TORC1 and the phosphatases in response to changes in nitrogen quality.
Overexpression of NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes and their priming‐associated molecules (TLR2, TLR4, Dectin‐1, Dectin‐2 and NFκB) in Malassezia folliculitis
Authors: Liang Ni , Yang Yan‐Ping , Li Wei , Wu Ya‐Yun , Zhang Zi‐Wei , Luo Yun , Fan Yi‐Ming 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe activation of NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes is pivotal for innate immunity against some pathogenic fungi, but their role in the pathogenesis of Malassezia folliculitis (MF) remains unclear. The objective of the study was to determine the expression of 4 canonical inflammasomes (NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2) and their priming‐associated molecules (TLR2, TLR4, Dectin‐1, Dectin‐2 and NFκB) in MF lesion. Expression of NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, caspase‐1, IL‐1β, TLR2, TLR4, Dectin‐1, Dectin‐2 and NFκB was detected by immunohistochemistry in skin lesion of 23 MF patients and normal skin of 12 healthy subjects. Furthermore, NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, caspase‐1 and IL‐1β mRNA was measured by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) in 12 MF cases and 10 controls. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that NLRP3, NLRC4, AIM2, Casp‐1, IL‐1β, TLR2, TLR4, Dectin‐1, Dectin‐2 and NFκB expression was up‐regulated in the epidermis and dermal inflammatory cells of MF lesion compared with control skin (P < .01‐.05), but NLRP1 expression was not different between both groups (P > .05). qRT‐PCR showed that levels of NLRP3, Casp‐1 and IL‐1β mRNA were significantly increased (P < .01‐.05), whereas those of NLRP1, NLRC4 and AIM2 mRNA were slightly augmented compared to control skin (P > .05). Our observation suggests that simultaneous activation of NLRP3, NLRC4 and AIM2 inflammasomes may play an important role in the pathogenesis of MF.
‘Primordialism’ in nationalism studies: theory or ideology?
Authors: Coakley John 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFor several decades, the field of nationalism studies has seen an extended debate about explanations of nationalism and about the process of nation formation. An impressive set of labels has been coined to describe alternative approaches. One of the theories that has enjoyed unusual longevity is the approach known as primordialism, which stresses the deep historical and cultural roots of nations and nationalism and assumes their quasi‐objective character. This resilience is surprising because of the difficulty of marshalling evidence to support such a theory, and because of the line‐up of critics who dismiss it. This article explores the recent debate about primordialism. It suggests that authentic versions of primordialism are extremely hard to find in the academic literature, and that primordialism may better be viewed as an ingredient in nationalism than as an explanation of nationalism.
Short‐term intermittent energy restriction interventions for weight management: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Harris L. , McGarty A. , Hutchison L. , Ells L. , Hankey C. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThis systematic review synthesized the available evidence on the effect of short‐term periods of intermittent energy restriction (weekly intermittent energy restriction; ≥7‐d energy restriction) in comparison with usual care (daily continuous energy restriction), in the treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Six electronic databases were searched from inception to October 2016. Only randomized controlled trials of interventions (≥12 weeks) in adults with overweight and obesity were included. Five studies were included in this review. Weekly intermittent energy restriction periods ranged from an energy intake between 1757 and 6276 kJ/d−1. The mean duration of the interventions was 26 (range 14 to 48) weeks. Meta‐analysis demonstrated no significant difference in weight loss between weekly intermittent energy restriction and continuous energy restriction post‐intervention (weighted mean difference: −1.36 [−3.23, 0.51], p = 0.15) and at follow‐up (weighted mean difference: −0.82 [−3.76, 2.11], p = 0.58). Both interventions achieved comparable weight loss of >5 kg and therefore were associated with clinical benefits to health. The findings support the use of weekly intermittent energy restriction as an alternative option for the treatment of obesity. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to support the long‐term sustainable effects of weekly intermittent energy restriction on weight management.
Importance of anticoagulation and postablation silent cerebral lesions: Subanalyses of REVOLUTION and reMARQable studies
Authors: Grimaldi Massimo , Swarup Vijay , DeVille Brian , Sussman Jonathan , Jaïs Pierre , Gaita Fiorenzo , Duytschaever Mattias , Ng G. Andre , Daoud Emile , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya (DJ) , Horton Rodney , Wickliffe Andrew , Ellis Christopher , Geller Laszlo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundSilent cerebral lesions (SCLs) are a potential complication of left atrial radiofrequency ablation (RFA) procedures for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). We aimed to compare the incidence of SCLs in patients treated with irrigated RFA multielectrode catheters (nMARQ® Catheter group) and irrigated focal RFA catheters (NAVISTAR® THERMOCOOL® Catheter; TC group) after PAF ablation from subpopulation neurological assessment (SNA) cohorts of the REVOLUTION and reMARQable studies.MethodsData from SNA cohorts in the prospective, nonrandomized REVOLUTION study (March 2011–September 2013) and the prospective, randomized, controlled reMARQable study (October 2013–November 2015) were included. The incidence of SCLs was assessed pre‐ and postablation using magnetic resonance imaging. Neurological deficits were assessed using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, modified Rankin Scale, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment.ResultsA total of 37 patients from REVOLUTION and 76 patients from reMARQable were included in the SNA cohort of each study. In the REVOLUTION SNA cohort, the incidence of SCLs was 21.1% (4/19) in the nMARQ® Catheter group and 5.9% (1/17) in the TC group. Findings from REVOLUTION helped inform the reMARQable study protocol's stringent anticoagulation regimen. SCL incidence was subsequently reduced in both groups (nMARQ® Catheter, 7.9%; TC, 3.3%). No permanent neurological deficits were observed.ConclusionAdherence to a stringent anticoagulation regimen prior to and during ablation procedures appears to be an important factor in minimizing the risk of SCL.
Combining electromagnetic navigation and 3‐D mapping to reduce fluoroscopy time and achieve optimal CRT response
Authors: Barbero Umberto , Budano Carlo , Golzio Pier Giorgio , Castagno Davide , Gaita Fiorenzo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractImplantation of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices can be challenging, time consuming, and associated with high‐dose x‐ray exposure. We present the technique in which an electromagnetic navigation system (MediGuideTM, St. Jude Medical) and an electroanatomical three‐dimensional mapping system (EnSite NavX, St Jude Medical) are usefully combined for implanting implantable cardioverter defibrillator CRT devices with strong reduction of x‐ray exposure, and for targeting the most delayed regions in the activation maps avoiding scars for optimal CRT response.
A case of electromagnetic interference between HeartMate 3 LVAD and implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Authors: Sehatbakhsh Samineh , Kushnir Alexander , Kabach Mohamad , Kolek Matthew , Chait Robert , Ghumman Waqas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractImplantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have been shown to have a significant benefit in reducing sudden cardiac death (SCD) in patients with systolic heart failure. Additionally, cardiac devices as a bridge to transplant or destination therapy are often used in patients with end‐stage systolic heart failure. As a result, most patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) also have an ICD. Here, we present an electromagnetic interference (EMI) between HeartMate 3 LVAD and ICD. This issue might be critical for both electrophysiologists and advanced heart failure cardiologists to understand prior to implantation of ICD/LVADs in these patients.
Signaling Cascades Activated by UVB in Human Melanocytes Lead to the Increased Expression of Melanocyte Receptors, Endothelin B Receptor and c‐KIT
Authors: Terazawa Shuko , Imokawa Genji 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA single exposure of normal human melanocytes (NHMs) to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces a distinct increase in the expression of c‐KIT and endothelin B receptor (EDNRB) and upregulates the expression of microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF). In this review, we clarify the signaling mechanisms by which UVB stimulates the expression of MITF in NHMs, thus leading to upregulation of those two important melanogenic receptors. The increased expression of MITF in UVB‐exposed NHMs is accompanied by a markedly stimulated and prolonged phosphorylation of p38/CREB. The UVB‐stimulated expression of c‐KIT and EDNRB could be completely abolished by a p38 inhibitor concomitant with a reduced phosphorylation of CREB and a downregulation of MITF expression. The UVB exposure of NHMs stimulates the phosphorylation of p38 and c‐jun N‐terminal kinase, but not ERK, followed by the increased phosphorylation of MSK1 and subsequently CREB. Postirradiation treatment with the MSK1 inhibitor H89 significantly downregulates the increased mRNA and protein expression of MITF, EDNRB and c‐KIT in UVB‐exposed NHMs. Our findings indicate for the first time that the increased expression of MITF that leads to the upregulation of melanocyte‐specific proteins in UVB‐exposed NHMs is mediated via activation of the p38/MSK1/CREB axis but not the ERK/RSK/CREB axis.
Prevalence and predictors of sunburn among beachgoers
Authors: de Troya‐Martín Magdalena , de Gálvez‐Aranda María Victoria , Rivas‐Ruiz Francisco , Blázquez‐Sánchez Nuria , Fernández‐Morano Maria Teresa , Padilla‐España Laura , Herrera‐Ceballos Enrique 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundPainful sunburns at any age are one of the main risk factors for skin cancer.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and predictors of sunburn among beachgoers.MethodsA cross‐sectional health survey was conducted at the beach during the summer. Adults >18 years with an understanding of Spanish were interviewed using a questionnaire about behaviours, attitudes and knowledge related to sun exposure at the beach. A descriptive analysis was performed, and a log‐binomial regression model was used to determine predictors of sunburn.ResultsThe survey was completed by 1054 beachgoers, with a mean age of 43.8 (SD: 18.7) years, 61.2% women, skin phototypes i (13.6%), ii (22.3%), iii (34.0%) and iv (30.2%). 46.9% of responders reported at least one painful sunburn during the previous summer. Age, sex, education, skin phototype, midday sun exposure, sun protection habits, attitudes towards tanning and knowledge about skin cancer were identified as independent predictors of sunburn.ConclusionsIt is necessary to develop photoprotection campaigns aimed at beachgoers, particularly in young people, men, those with skin phototypes I‐III and secondary or university education. Educational strategies should be aimed at discouraging sun exposure at midday, changing attitudes towards tanning and improving knowledge about skin cancer.