bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drug-Drug Interactions and the Clinical Tolerability of Colchicine Among Patients With COVID-19
Authors: Alfehaid Lama S. , Farah Subrina , Omer Azza , Weber Brittany N. , Alkhezi Omar , Tawfik Yahya M. K. , Shah Amil M. , Libby Peter , Buckley Leo F. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceColchicine has many drug-drug interactions with commonly prescribed medications. Only pharmacokinetic studies have provided data on colchicine drug-drug interactions.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical tolerability of colchicine according to the presence or absence of a drug-drug interaction.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA secondary analysis of the COLCORONA trial was performed. The COLCORONA trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial conducted in Brazil, Canada, Greece, South Africa, Spain, and the US between March 23, 2020, and January 20, 2021. The COLCORONA trial included ambulatory patients with COVID-19 with at least 1 high-risk characteristic and compared the effects of colchicine (0.5 mg twice daily for 3 days, then 0.5 mg daily thereafter) with placebo for 27 days. Data analysis was performed from February 24, 2023, to June 20, 2024.ExposureIn this secondary analysis, baseline medications that had interactions with colchicine were identified using a previously published expert classification.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome for this analysis was the composite of serious and nonserious treatment-related and treatment-unrelated gastrointestinal adverse events. The secondary outcomes were other adverse events and the composite of death or hospital admission due to COVID-19 infection. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, estimated glomerular filtration rate, diabetes, heart failure, and myocardial infarction were assessed for effect modification of the association between the randomization arm and the outcomes of interest by drug-drug interaction status.ResultsThe cohort included 2205 participants in the colchicine arm and 2227 in the placebo arm (median age, 54 [IQR, 47-61] years; 2389 [54%] women). The most common colchicine drug-drug interactions were rosuvastatin (12%) and atorvastatin (10%). In fully adjusted models, the odds of any gastrointestinal adverse event were 1.80 (95% CI, 1.51-2.15) times higher in the colchicine arm than the placebo arm among people without a drug-drug interaction and 1.68 (95% CI, 1.24-2.26) times higher in the colchicine arm than the placebo arm among people with a drug-drug interaction (P = .69 for interaction). Drug-drug interaction status did not significantly modify the effect of colchicine on the composite of COVID-19 hospitalization or death (odds ratio, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.59-1.40 for drug-drug interaction and 0.84; 95% CI, 0.60-1.19 for no drug-drug interaction; P = .80 for interaction).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this secondary analysis of the COLCORONA trial, operational classification of drug interactions system class 3 or 4 drug-drug interactions did not appear to significantly increase the risk of colchicine-related adverse effects.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04322682
COVID-19 and Rates of Cancer Diagnosis in the US
Authors: Burus Todd , Lei Feitong , Huang Bin , Christian W. Jay , Hull Pamela C. , Ellis Amanda R. , Slavova Svetla , Tucker Thomas C. , Lang Kuhs Krystle A. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceUS cancer diagnoses were substantially lower than expected during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. A national study on the extent to which rates recovered in 2021 has not yet been conducted.ObjectiveTo examine observed vs expected cancer rate trends for January 2020 to December 2021.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional, population-based study of cancer incidence trends used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 22 (SEER-22) Registries Database, which covers 47.9% of the US population. Included individuals were those with an invasive cancer diagnosis reported to registries included in SEER-22 between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2021.ExposuresAge, sex, race and ethnicity, urbanicity, and stage at diagnosis.Main Outcomes and MeasuresExpected cancer incidence rates were measured for the COVID-19 pandemic years of 2020 and 2021 from prepandemic trends using ensemble forecasting methods. Relative difference between observed and expected cancer incidence rates and numbers of potentially missed cases were measured.ResultsThe SEER-22 registries reported 1 578 697 cancer cases in 2020 and 2021, including 798 765 among male individuals (50.6%) and 909 654 among persons aged 65 years or older (57.6%). Observed all-sites cancer incidence rates were lower than expected by 9.4% in 2020 (95% prediction interval [PI], 8.5%-10.5%), lower than expected by 2.7% in 2021 (95% PI, 1.4%-3.9%), and lower than expected by 6.0% across both years combined (95% PI, 5.1%-7.1%), resulting in 149 577 potentially undiagnosed cancer cases (95% PI, 126 059-176 970). Of the 4 screening-detected cancers, only female breast cancer showed significant recovery in 2021, exceeding expected rates by 2.5% (95% PI, 0.1%-4.8%), while significant reductions remained for lung cancer (9.1% lower than expected; 95% PI, 6.4%-13.2%) and cervical cancer (4.5% lower than expected; 95% PI, 0.4%-8.0%), particularly for early stage at diagnosis. Rates of all-sites cancer incidence returned to prepandemic trends in 2021 among female individuals, persons aged younger than 65 years, and persons of non-Hispanic Asian and Pacific Islander race and ethnicity.Conclusions and RelevanceThis population-based cross-sectional study of US cancer incidence trends found that rates of diagnosis improved in 2021 but continued to be lower than expected, adding to the existing deficit of diagnosed cases from 2020. Particular attention should be directed at strategies to immediately increase cancer screenings to make up lost ground.
Laser Patterning for 2D Lateral and Vertical VS2/MoS2 Metal/Semiconducting Heterostructures
Authors: Liang Jingyi , Huang Wen , Zhang Zimei , Li Xin , Lu Pin , Li Wei , Liu Miaomiao , Huangfu Ying , Song Rong , Wu Ruixia , Li Bo , Lin Zhang , Chai Liyuan , Duan Xidong , Li Jia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract2D metal/semiconducting heterostructures have attracted extensive attention for potential applications in future electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the simple and fast preparation of patterned metal/semiconducting heterostructures with controllable channel lengths still faces challenges. Here, a simple and reliable laser patterning method for preparing patterned lateral/vertical 1T/2H VS2/MoS2 metal/semiconducting heterostructures is reported. Specifically, site‐selective etching of VS2 can be realized through the combination of laser radiation and acid solution etching. Further, pre‐patterned VS2 nanoplates with edge dangling bonds can offer effective nucleation points for the lateral epitaxial growth of MoS2, thus generating patterned VS2‐MoS2 lateral heterostructures. The laser processing method can further be used to create patterned VS2/MoS2 vertical van der Waals (vdWHs), which can only selectively etch the upper layer VS2 while maintaining the intrinsic structure of the bottom layer MoS2. The obtained patterned VS2/MoS2 vdWHs show a similar channel length of ≈420 nm, and the VS2 vdW contact MoS2 transistor is fabricated, delivering an On‐state current of 4.01 µA/µm, and carrier mobility of 3.56 cm2 s−1 V−1. This approach is also general for preparing patterned VSe2, VSe2/WSe2 heterostructures.
Investigation of Key Electronic States in Layered Mixed Chalcogenides With a d0 Transition Metal as Li‐Ion Cathodes
Authors: Kumar Khagesh , Sunariwal Neelam , Louis Jacques , Leube Bernhard T. , Roy Indrani , Sterbinsky George E. , Tarascon Jean‐Marie , Cabana Jordi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLithium‐rich transition metal chalcogenides are witnessing a revival as candidates for Li‐ion cathode materials, spurred by the boost in their capacities from transcending conventional redox processes based on cationic states and tapping into additional chalcogenide states. A particularly striking case is Li2TiS3‐ySey, which features a d0 metal. While the end members are expectedly inactive, substantial capacities are measured when both Se and S are present. Using X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, it is shown that the electronic structure of Li2TiS3‐ySey is not a simple combination of the end members. The data confirm previous hypotheses that, in Li2TiS2.4Se0.6, this behavior is underpinned by concurrent and reversible redox of only S and Se, and identify key electronic states. Moreover, wavelet transforms of the extended X‐ray absorption fine structure provide direct evidence of the formation of short Se–Se units upon charging. The study uncovers the underpinnings of this intriguing reactivity and highlights the richness of redox chemistry in complex solids.
Flexible Ti3C2Tx MXene Regulated Photoelectrochemical Sensing Platform for Sensitive Monitoring of Dopamine
Authors: Jiang Degang , Cao Xueying , Shi Yantian , Chen Jiahao , Li Xinyue , Liu Jing , Zhou Hong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFlexible photoelectrochemical (PEC) based sensors have been extensively investigated for noninvasive healthcare monitoring. However, known electrode materials struggle to combine technologically relevant metrics of high sensitivity and flexibility due to their low electrical conductivity and fragile mechanical properties. Herein, a flexible PEC‐based sensor for dopamine (DA) detection is presented by integrating highly conductive and flexible MXene between CdS quantum dots and g‐C3N4 with suitable energy level matching. Theoretical calculations reveal that the interfaces of constructed PEC electrodes with enhanced electronic conductivity derived from MXene not only improve the electron transfer kinetics, but form built‐in electric fields at the interfaces, facilitating the separation efficiency of electron–hole pairs. As a result, the as‐prepared sensors display the combined advantages of a wide detection range (1 nM–0.1 mM), low detection limit (0.48 nM), high stability, selectivity, and repeatability for DA detection. Building on these metrics, a scalable screen‐printing method is further developed for integrating the sensors on flexible platforms. These all‐integrated PEC‐based sensors exhibit stable photocurrent signals under different bending angles and bending cycles. Therefore, this work demonstrates the scalable development of flexible PEC‐based sensors for the sensitive detection of DA and holds promise for the future development of noninvasive healthcare monitoring.
Pt‐Sn/Sb Interaction Induces Reversed Charge Transfer and Selective Hydroxyl Adsorption for Enhanced Hydrogen Electro‐Oxidation
Authors: Wang Xiaoning , Gao Xiaochun , Tang Li , Sun Puhua , Liu Ying , Hou Shaoqi , Tong Yanfu , Yin Xitao , Ma Xiaoguang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe challenges encountered by Pt‐based electrocatalysts in alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction include high Pt dosage and conflicting demands for modulating adsorption strengths among diverse intermediates. Here, an ultrasmall Pt cluster grafted on antimony tin oxide nanocrystalline with strong electron donor ability to minimal Pt dosage yet maximized electrocatalytic performance is developed. Mechanism studies show that the formation of Pt–Sn/Sb interaction at the heterointerface and the resultant reversed electron transfer selectively enhance the adsorption for OH‐ while concurrently weakening the binding strength for *H and CO toward Pt clusters. This accelerates the kinetics of H2/CO oxidation by promoting the binding of OH species with *H/*CO, yielding the catalyst with up to 5.7‐fold higher mass‐specific activity than benchmark Pt/C and increased resistance to CO poisoning. This work demonstrates the rational design of the synergistic multi‐site interactions towards advanced Pt‐based catalysts.
Thieno[3, 4‐b]thiadiazole Based Donor‐Acceptor Cyclic Oligomers: Ring Size‐Dependent Photophysical Properties and Efficient Near‐Infrared Electroluminescence Beyond 900 nm
Authors: Zhang Wenxuan , Liu Wansheng , Xu Zhichen , An Kang , Li Qian‐Hui , Wang Zhengyan , Lei Peng , Zeng Qingdao , Li Ning , Yi YuanPing , Wu Hongbin , Wan Jun‐Hua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOrganic donor‐acceptor (D‐A) conjugated macrocycles, which are regarded as terminal‐less counterparts of linear π‐systems, have emerged as a promising class material for organic optoelectronics. Nevertheless, circular symmetry generally makes the lowest electronic transition symmetry forbidden, which is a huge obstacle to developing bright near‐infrared macrocyclic dyes. Here, a series of cyclic D‐A oligomers (e.g., cyclic D‐A dimer ([2]C16TT‐TPA), trimer ([3]C16TT‐TPA), and tetramer ([4]C16TT‐TPA)) are synthesized in which triphenylamine and 4,6‐bisthienylthieno[3,4‐c]thiadiazole are alternately coupled. The ring size‐dependent photophysical properties of D‐A cyclic oligomers, such as photoluminescence quantum yield and radiative decay rate, are revealed through both experiments and theoretical calculations. Owing to conformational flexibility and dominant twisted conformation, [3]C16TT‐TPA shows increasing S0→S1 transition and thereby produces a champion photoluminescence quantum yield of 6.35  % in solution with emission beyond 900 nm, much higher than that of acyclic oligomer (1.56%). Furthermore, the [3]C16TT‐TPA‐based organic light‐emitting diode achieves a relatively high external quantum efficiency of 0.15% with a maximum radiance of 2897 mW sr−1 m−2. The study not only provides insights into the mechanism of ring size‐dependent photophysical properties but also demonstrates the potential of D–A cyclic oligomers for bright near‐infrared emitters.
Achieving Eu2+ Luminescence at Trivalent Lattice Site in Rb3Y(PO4)2:Eu toward Multicolor Emissions by Carbon and Hydrogen Coreduction
Authors: Zhao Ming , Ge Yeping , Li Yurong , Song Xiaoyan , Zhang Xinping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe advancement of Eu2+‐activated luminescent materials tailored to exhibit a range of properties is crucial for addressing the specific demands of various application fields. However, the lack of suitable lattice sites in numerous compounds for stable Eu2+ incorporation restricts their potential for diverse optical properties. Herein, a facile strategy of carbon and hydrogen coreduction utilizing graphite crucibles is proposed to effectively achieve the impressive luminescence of Eu2+ at trivalent Y sites in Rb3Y(PO4)2:Eu phosphors. Rb3Y(PO4)2:Eu exhibits blue‐violet emission when Eu2+ predominantly occupies the Rb1 and Rb2 sites. Inspiringly, by facilitating the reduction of more Eu3+ to Eu2+, a yellow emission band at 550 nm arising from Eu2+ at Y sites emerges, enabling the realization of single‐component white‐emitting and yellow‐emitting Rb3Y(PO4)2:Eu phosphors. The diverse luminescent properties of Rb3Y(PO4)2:Eu expand its potential applications in different white light source devices and optical thermometry. This work presents an innovative synthetic strategy to develop remarkable Eu2+ luminescence at trivalent cation sites, thereby broadening the optical properties of the material and enabling multifunctional applications.
Hybrid Passive Cooling for Power Equipment Enabled by Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Liu Xiangyu , Li Pengli , Liu Yijie , Zhang Chuan , He Meng , Pei Zhantao , Chen Jie , Shi Kunming , Liu Fei , Wang Wanlin , Zhang Wang , Jiang Pingkai , Huang Xingyi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhile providing electrical energy for human society, power equipment also consumes electricity and generate heat. Cooling equipment consumes a significant amount of electricity, further increasing energy consumption and load on the power grid. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop low‐energy and sustainable cooling technologies for power equipment. In this study, a hybrid passive cooling composite designed to enhance heat dissipation for heavy‐load power equipment is introduced. Specifically, the composite material achieves outstanding radiative cooling performance with an average solar reflectance of up to 0.98, while its excellent atmospheric water harvesting performance ensures high evaporation cooling power without the need for manual water replenishment. As a result, the composite effectively lowers the temperature of outdoor heavy‐load power equipment (e.g., transformers) by 25.3 °C. The excellent heat dissipation properties of the composite make it a powerful tool in safeguarding electrical systems.
Balancing Edge Defects and Graphitization in a Pt–Fe/Carbon Electrocatalyst for High‐Power‐Density and Durable Flow Seawater‐Al/Acid Hybrid Fuel Cells and Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Mengtian , Wang Mi , Du Minghao , Wang Zijian , Zou Yongxing , Pan Guangxing , Zhang Jiaheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOvercoming the trade‐off between the graphitization of the carbon substrate and enhanced electronic metal–support interaction (EMSI) and intrinsic activity of Pt‐C catalysts remains a major challenge for ensuring the durable operation of energy conversion devices. This article presents a hybrid catalyst consisting of PtFe nanoparticles and single Pt and Fe atoms supported on N‐doped carbon (PtFeNPs@PtFeSAs‐N‐C), which exhibits improved activities in hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions (HER and ORR, respectively) and has excellent durability owing to the high graphitization, rich edge defects, and porosity of the carbon in PtFeNPs@PtFeSAs‐N‐C, as well as strong EMSI between the PtFe nanoparticles and edge‐defective carbon embedded with Pt and Fe atoms. According to theoretical calculations, the strong EMSI optimizes the H* adsorption–desorption and facilitates the adsorption OOH*, accelerating the HER and ORR processes. A novel flow seawater‐Al/acid hybrid fuel cell using the PtFeNPs@PtFeSAs‐N‐C cathode can serve as a high‐efficiency energy conversion device that delivers a high power density of 109.5 mW cm−2 while producing H2 at a significantly high rate of 271.6 L m−2 h−1. Moreover, PtFeNPs@PtFeSAs‐N‐C exhibits a remarkable performance (high power density of 298.0 mW cm−2 and long‐term durability of 1000 h) in a flow Zn–air battery.
Cutaneous Electrohydraulic (CUTE) Wearable Devices for Pleasant Broad‐Bandwidth Haptic Cues
Authors: Sanchez‐Tamayo Natalia , Yoder Zachary , Rothemund Philipp , Ballardini Giulia , Keplinger Christoph , Kuchenbecker Katherine J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBy focusing on vibrations, current wearable haptic devices underutilize the skin's perceptual capabilities. Devices that provide richer haptic stimuli, including contact feedback and/or variable pressure, are typically heavy and bulky due to the underlying actuator technology and the low sensitivity of hairy skin, which covers most of the body. This article presents a system architecture for compact wearable devices that deliver salient and pleasant broad‐bandwidth haptic cues: Cutaneous Electrohydraulic (CUTE) devices combine a custom materials design for soft haptic electrohydraulic actuators that feature high stroke, high force, and electrical safety with a comfortable mounting strategy that places the actuator in a non‐contact resting position. A prototypical wrist‐wearable CUTE device produces rich tactile sensations by making and breaking contact with the skin (2.44 mm actuation stroke), applying high controllable forces (exceeding 2.3 N), and delivering vibrations at a wide range of amplitudes and frequencies (0–200 Hz). A perceptual study with 14 participants achieves 97.9% recognition accuracy across six diverse cues and verifies their pleasant and expressive feel. This system architecture for wearable devices gives unprecedented control over the haptic cues delivered to the skin, providing an elegant and discreet way to activate the user's sense of touch.
Flour‐Infused Dry Processed Electrode Enhancing Lithium‐Ion Battery Performance
Authors: He Renjie , Zhong Wei , Cai Chuyue , Li Shuping , Cheng Shijie , Xie Jia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrodes are vital for lithium‐ion battery performance. The primary method for large‐scale electrode production involves wet slurry casting methods, which encounter challenges related to solvent usage, energy consumption, and mechanical stability. Dry processed (DP) electrodes are a promising alternative but struggle with rate capability and mechanical properties. Here, an approach of incorporating 1 wt.% flour into DP electrodes (DP–1%F) through a binder fibrillation strategy is introduced, which enhances the mechanical strength, rate performance, and cycling stability of the electrodes. The cross‐linking of protein and starch in flour, along with the fibrillation of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), enable the DP–1%F electrode to exhibit robust mechanical properties and high flexibility. Additionally, the incorporation of flour makes the DP electrode primarily create large pores, reducing electrode tortuosity, thereby endowing the DP–1%F electrode with improved kinetic behavior. The robust mechanical properties and improved kinetic behavior suppress the development of irreversible phase transitions and intragranular/intergranular cracks. These characteristics led to the superior cycling stability of the DP–1%F electrodes with a capacity retention of 80.3% after 260 cycles at 2C and 4.5 V (LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2). The findings offer valuable insights for the development of high‐power, long‐life DP electrodes, addressing key challenges in lithium‐ion batteries.
Thermal‐Assisted Photosynthesis of Nitric Acid From Air
Authors: Li Mingzhu , Fang Long , Zhang Linlin , Shi Chuanwei , Guo Mingxia , Jin Yu , Yang Xiaolong , Liu Xia , Ding Xin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic nitrogen oxidation reactions has emerged as promising techniques for air‐based nitrate synthesis, bolstering sustainable nitrogen fixation in industrial chains centered around nitrates. However, significant disparities in orbital energy levels impose constraints on N2 conversion, highlighting the pivotal role of nitrogen activation, particularly in oxygen‐rich environments. Herein, a novel Ir‐WO3 catalyst with cation vacancy chains is fabricated and utilized as a highly efficient catalyst for thermal‐assisted nitrogen oxidation under an innovative discontinuous light illumination strategy. Remarkably, an unexpected NO3− yield of 381.21 µmol g−1 h−1 is achieved, marking a 10.4‐fold increase compared to regular continuous light illumination. This exceptional performance is attributed to the unique structure and discontinuous light illumination, which lowered the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step for forming *NN(OH) intermediates and enhanced the abundance of •OH. Furthermore, a novel •OH assisted nitrogen activation mechanism is proposed based on the identification of crucial N2O intermediate and operando experiments. This work offers novel insights into free radicals‐based photocatalytic conversion processes and also presents a potential nitrate synthesis pathway for nitrates‐centric industrial nitrogen fixation chains.
Metal‐Free Generation of Acyl Fluorides via Activation of Cyclopropyl Esters using a Hypervalent Iodine(III) Species and Selectfluor
Authors: Choi Eun‐Sol , Lee Hyo‐Jun , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn efficient method for the activation of non‐activated cyclopropyl esters is developed using a hypervalent iodine(III) species and Selectfluor for the generation of acyl fluoride intermediates. The reactive acyl fluoride intermediate is smoothly transformed into various functional groups such as amides, esters, thioesters, and ketones depending on the nucleophile used in the in‐situ transformation. Utilizing the oxidation process of an iodoarene by Selectfluor, the activation is improved from a stoichiometric to catalytic protocol. Furthermore, the activation is employed in the chemoselective activation of target cyclopropyl ester in the presence of other ester moieties.