bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of oral caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Dash Anil K. , Panda Abinash , Prusty Nilamadhaba , Satpathy Manas R. , Bisoyi Sasmita K. , Barik Prasanjit A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Caroverine is an antagonist of non-NMDA and NMDA glutamate receptors. Cochlear synaptic tinnitus arises from a synaptic disturbance of NMDA or non-NMDA receptors on the afferent dendrites of spiral ganglion neurons. This forms a basis for the use of caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus. Hence, the present study was carried out to find the effect of oral caroverine in the treatment of tinnitus.

Methodology:
This quasi-experimental study was carried out on sixty consecutive patients of tinnitus. Thirty patients were given the usual standard of care consisting of Tab. Cinnarizine 25mg twice daily along with fixed dose combination Cap. B-complex and Ginkgo biloba once daily for ninety days and thirty patients were given Cap. Caroverine 40mg, twice daily for ninety days. Outcome assessment was done using the tinnitus case history questionnaire, tinnitus handicap inventory score, and VAS. The data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism Trial Version. A P value ≤ 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.

Results:
There was a significant improvement in the tinnitus case history questionnaire score at 90 days in patients suffering from mild tinnitus when treated with caroverine. There was a larger decrease in the tinnitus handicap inventory score at 90 days of treatment in the caroverine-treated patients. The median VAS showed an improvement in the caroverine-treated group. The overall reduction in tinnitus in the caroverine-treated group was 53.3% with an odds ratio, 95% CI of 0.375 (0.12-1.08).

Conclusion:
Oral caroverine was found to be better than the usual standard of care in reducing mild cochlear synaptic tinnitus. It also improved sensory–neural hearing loss during the treatment period.
Assessment of knowledge and behavioral risk factors of reproductive tract infections among married women of 15–49 years in rural areas of Haldwani block, Uttarakhand
Authors: Verma Neha , Awasthi Sadhana , Pankaj Kumar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
One of the most serious public health issues in India is reproductive tract infections (RTIs), which have a profound effect on the lives of men and women, as well as their families and communities.

Objectives:
To describe the sociodemographic traits, assess women’s RTI knowledge, and determine which behavioral risk factors are involved in female RTI.

Methods:
Using a 30-cluster sampling approach, a cross-sectional study design was employed to examine RTIs in 30 villages located in the Haldwani block of the district Nainital.

Results:
It was shown that just 7.6% of women knew enough about RTIs. Among the 450 women surveyed, the percentage of RTI cases was significantly lower for those who used the barrier method during menstruation (7.7%), had more than three children (25.7%), had a trained person deliver their baby in a hospital (24.1%), used condoms as a family planning method (5.6%), used sanitary pads during menstruation (25.6%), and maintained good personal hygiene (22.4%).

Conclusion:
The study revealed that the participants’ understanding of RTI was lacking.
Assessment of COVID-19 patients’ outcome based on clinical profile, laboratory parameters, and clinical management: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Khullar Shivani , Kothari Varun , Kothari Ruchi , Lakhotia Manoj 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has presented an unprecedented challenge to the global healthcare system, prompting an urgent need to understand the factors influencing patient outcomes. Critical to improving treatment protocols and reducing mortality rates is an in-depth assessment of the clinical profile, laboratory findings, and management strategies employed in treating COVID-19 patients. This research provides valuable insights that could influence future therapeutic approaches and public health strategies, ultimately aiming to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with COVID-19. The study aimed to assess mortality predictors in patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to COVID-19.

Methods:
This study employed a retrospective approach, utilizing patient data from medical records. The collected data encompassed demographic and clinical profiles and details regarding the duration of admission and treatment. The evaluation focused on patients admitted to the ICU for COVID-19 between March 2020 and July 2021, with confirmation through real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Rigorous statistical analysis was conducted to compare outcomes between discharged and deceased patients.

Results:
The study included a total of 202 ICU patients admitted for COVID-19. Among the cases, 147 (72.8%) were males and 55 (27.2%) were females. The mean age was 58.42 years, with a standard deviation of 15.59 years. Fever (92%) emerged as the most frequently encountered symptom, followed by cough (48.5%) and dyspnea (35%). Patients with underlying comorbidities exhibited a higher susceptibility to developing a severe or critical disease. Hypertension (n = 38) was identified as the most prevalent comorbidity, followed by type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 36). Hypertension has demonstrated a significant association with disease outcomes. Body temperature, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and mechanical ventilation played substantial roles in patient outcomes.

Conclusion:
The study revealed that underlying comorbidities and complications, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), were linked to significantly higher mortality rates among COVID-19 patients. Abnormal laboratory parameters also exhibited significant differences in the outcomes of ICU patients.
A retrospective observational study of orbital cellulitis in children - Recent trends
Authors: Mishra Santosh Kumar , Kumar Sunil , Kumari Arti , Sharma Nageshwar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
Orbital cellulitis is an acute post-septal orbital infection caused mostly by bacteria. This may result in serious complications including blindness, meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, brain abscess, and even death. The delay in treatment increases morbidity and mortality. The purpose of present study was to review cases of orbital cellulitis in recent years regarding its clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, treatment policy, complications, and disabilities. The outcome of study will help in early diagnosis and better management of orbital cellulitis cases.

Materials and Method:
Total 20 cases of orbital cellulitis in children from March 2021 to February 2024 were evaluated and analyzed in department of ophthalmology, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna.

Result:
Total 20 children with ages <18 years were evaluated. The average age of presentation was 7 years (range between 1 year and 17 years). 70% of cases were seen in male children. All patients presented with chemosis, congestion, eyelid swelling, proptosis, and restriction of eye movement. Orbital CT scan diagnosed 100% cases of orbital cellulitis (P < 0.01). In 45% of children, sinusitis was initial site of infection (P < 0.01). Swab culture was positive in 40% of the cases, organism being gram-positive cocci. Complete recovery was seen in 75% with 25% having some deficit in visual acuity or eye movement.

Conclusion:
Clinical symptoms and signs aided with orbital CT scan help in early diagnosis early detection and aggressive treatment with multidisciplinary approach may limit the complications of orbital cellulitis and also aid in complete recovery without any visual deficit.
Nurturing Peer Review Proficiency in the Curriculum for Early Career Medical Researchers: Fostering Academic Connectivity
Authors: Kumar Amit , Puranik Manjunath P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Peer review is being criticized for its sluggishness and review quality. Swiftly identifying available reviewers and cultivating a pool of specialized experts is crucial to avoid delays and ensure a seamless peer review process. A promising strategy to enhance the quality of peer reviewers is to encourage and facilitate early career researchers (ECRs) to engage in co-reviewing with their mentors as part of their curriculum training. In addition, it holds significant potential to bridge gaps in research quality and discourage unethical ghostwriting of peer review reports. Encouraging co-reviewing practices in medical, dental, nursing, and other professional institutions will foster the development of critical skills, research awareness, mentorship, and collaborative abilities among ECRs. This paper proposes learning peer review modules in a two-step model, i.e., foundational learning and practical learning. Emphasizing peer review within the curriculum can be a significant and transformative step.
Preprocedural Mouthrinse During Dental Treatment in Covid -19 Patients: A Meta- analysis
Authors: Sudan Supinder , Ravishankar T.L , Yavagal Puja C. , Tafadar M.D Nazamuddin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
The abrupt outbreak of the pandemic COVID-19 started in late 2019 caused widespread problems and issues. The capability to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 under biologically important conditions has not been evaluated till now systematically. As a result, the contribution of the use of mouthrinse before any dental treatment in reducing salivary viral load in COVID-19 patients is still unclear.

Aim:
The aim of the protocol is designed in PICO format as – patients taken are COVID-19 patients, intervention used is different mouthrinses, control taken as water, the studies included are clinical trials, and the outcome of the protocol is the efficacy of mouthrinses in reducing viral load.

Review Methods:
The registration of the protocol of the study was done under the number CRD42022325615 at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. The databases including Medline (through PubMed), Scopus, The Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register, and Google Scholar were thoroughly searched from December 2019 to April 2022. The articles were analyzed using the RevMan 5.3 software. The inclusion criteria for selecting studies were based on cyclic threshold values and log copies/mL of salivary viral load. The quality assessment was performed based on the Cochrane risk of the bias assessment tool.

Results:
Eleven articles were included for systematic review, and out of these, eight articles were considered for meta-analysis. The result of the meta-analysis showed through forest plot which indicated that hydrogen peroxide 1% had potent antiviral efficacy at 30 min and 1 h of its use, whereas chlorhexidine and povidone-iodine effects were the same at 5 min and 1 h of their use.

Conclusion:
The preprocedural mouthrinse with hydrogen peroxide 1% reduces the salivary viral load in COVID-19 patients and prevents its transmission. This mouthrinse can be used 30 min before initiation of any dental treatment and even in between the procedure.
Assessment of Oral Health Status and Treatment Needs among a Cohort of Pregnant Women in Hyderabad City – A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: VenkataLakshmi Satti , Kulkarni Suhas , Reddy M. Padma , Doshi Dolar , Shaik Sabiha Shaheen , Srilatha Adepu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the oral health status and treatment needs of pregnant women visiting the Osmania Government Maternity Hospital in Hyderabad, India.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional survey was conducted for about 5 months, encompassing 606 pregnant women. In the clinical oral examination, the community periodontal index (CPI), loss of attachment (LOA), dentition status, and treatment needs were recorded using the World Health Organization 1997 pro forma. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0.

Results:
On periodontal examination, 279 (46%) subjects had calculus (Code “2”), and 219 (36.1%) respondents presented with shallow pockets (Code “3”) on probing. Furthermore, more than half of the study participants (353; 58.3%) had an LOA of 4–5 mm (Code “1”). Women in the third trimester had a significantly (P < 0.001) higher mean number of sextants affected with CPI Code “1” (1.94 ± 1.08), Code “3” (1.03 ± 1.14), Code “4” (0.09 ± 0.37), and LOA Code “2” (0.13 ± 0.40). Likewise, study participants who conceived three or more times had a significantly higher mean number of sextants affected by CPI Code “3” (1.09 ± 1.14; P < 0.001), LOA Code “1” (2.22 ± 1.53; P < 0.001), and LOA Code “2” (0.12 ± 0.36; P = 0.02). The mean decayed missing filled teeth (3.91 ± 3.25, 4.00 ± 3.24) and decayed teeth (3.83 ± 3.25, 3.96 ± 3.24) showed a significant (P = 0.0001) relationship with women in the third trimester, those who conceived three or more times. Based on treatment needs, 420 (69.3%) teeth are in need of one surface filling, 217 (35.8%) teeth require two or more surface fillings, and pulp care and restoration were needed in 213 (35.1%) teeth. On a note, a greater percentage of the participants (84%) had never been to the dentist.

Conclusion:
The study emphasizes the need to structure preventive oral health education programs at regular intervals targeting expecting women.
Corrosion of Steel Pipelines in Supercritical CO2 Environments: Effects of Injection Pressure and Temperature
Authors: Nguele Ronald , Riggs Harrison , Graff Craig , Sheets Brent 
Published: October 2024

Combining carbon capture and sequestration with enhanced oil recovery (EOR) could potentially reduce the carbon footprint through permanent storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) at the end of the EOR operations. However, severe corrosion risks to surface facilities and pipelines come along with the benefits of CO2 injection. The present study, therefore, investigates the corrosion resulting from contact between supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2)-saturated water and carbon steels typical of Alaska pipelines. Carbon steel was allowed to contact the corrosive environment for 72 h, while the corrosion rate was monitored using linear polarization resistance. It was found that injecting sCO2 into the test brine (synthetic Ugnu field salinity) increased the general corrosion by twofold compared to liquid CO2 owing to the solubility and the kinetics of the corrosion byproducts. The increase in sCO2 injection pressure at a fixed temperature (40°C) was proportional to an increase in corrosion rate (up to 8.83 mm/y). At a fixed pressure (12.7 MPa), increasing the temperature decreased the corrosion rate. As part of the effort to mitigate corrosion of CO2 in an sCO2 environment and to validate inhibitor performance outside of common operating conditions, the inhibiting potential of an imidazolium-based ionic liquid was also evaluated. The findings revealed inhibition efficiency up to 65% at low concentrations (up to 51 ppm) of the inhibitor. The addition of ionic liquid (IL) causes the corrosion to shift from a general type to pitting owing to a partial surface coverage. Results revealed further that ILs work better on carbon steel with low manganese concentration in the coupon steel.
Evolution of cloud droplet temperature and lifetime in spatiotemporally varying subsaturated environments with implications for ice nucleation at cloud edges
Authors: Roy Puja , Rauber Robert M. , Di Girolamo Larry 
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Ice formation mechanisms in generating cells near stratiform cloud tops, where mixing and entrainment occurs in the presence of supercooled water droplets, remain poorly understood. Supercooled cloud droplet temperature and lifetime may impact heterogeneous ice nucleation through contact and immersion freezing; however, modeling studies normally assume the droplet temperature to be spatially uniform and equal to the ambient temperature. Here, we present a first-of-its-kind quantitative investigation of the temperature and lifetime of evaporating droplets, considering internal thermal gradients within the droplet, as well as thermal and vapor density gradients in the surrounding air. Our approach employs solving Navier–Stokes and continuity equations, coupled with heat and vapor transport, using an advanced numerical model. For typical ranges of cloud droplet sizes and environmental conditions, the droplet internal thermal gradients dissipate quickly (≤ 0.3 s) when droplets are introduced to new subsaturated environments. However, the magnitude of droplet cooling is much greater than estimated from past studies of droplet evaporation, especially for drier environments. For example, for an environment with 500 hPa pressure, and ambient temperature far from the droplet of −5 °C, the droplet temperature reduction can be as high as 24, 11, and 5 °C for initial ambient relative humidities of 10 %, 40 %, and 70 %, respectively. Droplet lifetimes are found to be tens of seconds longer compared to previous estimates, due to weaker evaporation rates because of lower droplet surface temperatures. Using these new end-of-lifetime droplet temperatures, the enhancement in the activation of ice-nucleating particles predicted by current ice nucleation parameterization schemes is discussed.
Acute Adrenal Insufficiency in Childhood: Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Picture, and Intensive Care
Authors: Bykov Yu. V. , Obedin A. N. , Fischer V. V. , Volkov E. V. , Yatsuk I. V. , Muravyeva A. A. , Zinchenko O. V. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Acute adrenal insufficiency (AAI) is a severe endocrinopathy whose victims include children and adolescents and which can be life-threatening despite its low incidence. Analysis of issues associated with intensive care of children with this pathology is of vital interest for pediatric anesthesiology and critical care medicine. The aim of this work was to assess current views on the etiopathogenesis, clinical pathology and intensive treatment of pediatric AAI.Materials and methods. The topic was researched by analyzing publications found in the Cochrane Library, PubMed and Medscape using the following search terms: “acute adrenal insufficiency, children and adolescents, intensive therapy, fluid management”, with 65 published sources chosen.Results and discussion. In AAI, caused by a sharp deficiency of cortisol (and mineralocorticoids), which triggers an inflammatory reaction, electrolyte imbalance and hemodynamic disorders. AAI presents with dehydration, nausea and vomiting, feelings of pain, hypotension, tachycardia, seizures and impaired consciousness up to coma. Laboratory tests in children often reveal hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia and hypercalcemia. Intensive management of AAI in the ICU relies on parenteral corticosteroids (preferably intravenous hydrocortisone). Two or three days later, when the child is stable, they are switched to oral hormones. Meanwhile, fluid management is performed over 2 to 3 days to increase the circulating blood volume and relieve dehydration with crystalloid fluids.Conclusion. A clearer understanding of the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations and diagnostic features of AAI, along with knowledge of emergency care algorithms, will improve the quality of intensive therapy of pediatric patients with this condition.
Progress in Green Energy and Fuel for Sustainability
Authors: Chen Wei-Hsin 
Published: October 2024

Review
Progress in Green Energy and Fuel for Sustainability

Wei-Hsin Chen 1,2,3

1 Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; weihsinchen@gmail.com or chenwh@mail.ncku.edu.tw
2 Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung 411, Taiwan
Received: 26 June 2024; Revised: 9 August 2024; Accepted: 9 August 2024; Published: 24 August 2024

Abstract: Developing green energy and sustainable fuels is crucial to overcoming the environmental and resource challenges posed by fossil fuel consumption and dependence. To provide a comprehensive insight into the progress in green energy and fuels, including solar, wind, bioenergy, hydropower, marine, and geothermal energy, this study explores significant advancements and ongoing challenges in various renewable energy sectors. This study also highlights the development of green fuels such as biofuels, hydrogen, ammonia, and synthetic fuels, emphasizing their potential to achieve carbon neutrality and integration into existing infrastructures. Key challenges are identified, such as improving the efficiency and performance of renewable technologies, addressing high initial investment costs, and overcoming policy and social acceptance barriers. The environmental impacts of renewable energy production and resource availability are also discussed. The research underscores the necessity of collaborative efforts, supportive policies, and public engagement to overcome these challenges and achieve a sustainable energy future. This comprehensive overview provides insights into the current state and future prospects of green energy and fuel research for sustainability.
CONTRIBUTION OF FUNCTIONAL FOOD TO THE FARMERS’ SOCIO-ECONOMIC WELLBEING IN RWANDA: A STUDY OF CARROTS FARMERS IN NYABIHU DISTRICT
Authors: Vincent NKUNDABARAMYE , Evode YARADUKUNZE 
Published: October 2024

Functional food farming and vegetable production in particular offer an economic opportunity as they generate income for the farmers and people in areas where these kinds of products are cultivated. This study assesses the contribution of functional food to the farmers’ socioeconomic well-being in Rwanda with a focus on carrot farmers in the Nyabihu district, Rwanda. The study is descriptive with a mixed approach of both quantitative and qualitative methods with a target population of 170 carrot farmers from whom a sample size of 119 respondents was selected. Data were collected using a questionnaire and interview and analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings reveal that carrot farming generates income and employment opportunities for rural farmers and people in the area, which in turn permits them to meet their various daily expenses and improves their health conditions. Functional food farmers also face some challenges which include shortage of farming land, pests and diseases, soil erosion and landslides and unstable prices of input amongst others. However, land consolidation, spraying crops against diseases, and provision of loans are among the measures to address such challenges. Different stakeholders including the government, the private sector and NGOs should work in synergy to create a favorable and enabling environment that supports people in rural areas to fully participate in functional food farming.