bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding influences of culture and history on mtDNA variation and population structure in three populations from Assam, Northeast India
Authors: Rej Peter H. , Deka Ranjan , Norton Heather L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectivesPositioned at the nexus of India, China, and Southeast Asia, Northeast India is presumed to have served as a channel for land‐based human migration since the Upper Pleistocene. Assam is the largest state in the Northeast. We characterized the genetic background of three populations and examined the ways in which their population histories and cultural practices have influenced levels of intrasample and intersample variation.MethodsWe examined sequence data from the mtDNA hypervariable control region and selected diagnostic mutations from the coding region in 128 individuals from three ethnic groups currently living in Assam: two Scheduled tribes (Sonowal Kachari and Rabha), and the non‐Scheduled Tai Ahom.ResultsThe populations of Assam sampled here express mtDNA lineages indicative of South Asian, Southeast Asian, and East Asian ancestry. We discovered two completely novel haplogroups in Assam that accounted for 6.2% of the lineages in our sample. We also identified a new subhaplogroup of M9a that is prevalent in the Sonowal Kachari of Assam (19.1%), but not present in neighboring Arunachal Pradesh, indicating substantial regional population structuring. Employing a large comparative dataset into a series of multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses, we saw the Rabha cluster with populations sampled from Yunnan Province, indicating that the historical matrilineality of the Rabha has maintained lineages from Southern China.ConclusionAssam has undergone multiple colonization events in the time since the initial peopling event, with populations from Southern China and Southeast Asia having the greatest influence on maternal lineages in the region.
Selective Carbonyl−C(sp3) Bond Cleavage To Construct Ynamides, Ynoates, and Ynones by Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Jia Kunfang , Pan Yue , Chen Yiyun 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCarbon–carbon bond cleavage/functionalization is synthetically valuable, and selective carbonyl−C(sp3) bond cleavage/alkynylation presents a new perspective in constructing ynamides, ynoates, and ynones. Reported here is the first alkoxyl‐radical‐enabled carbonyl−C(sp3) bond cleavage/alkynylation reaction by photoredox catalysis. The use of novel cyclic iodine(III) reagents are essential for β‐carbonyl alkoxyl radical generation from β‐carbonyl alcohols, including alcohols with high redox potential (
>2.2 V vs. SCE in MeCN). β‐Amide, β‐ester, and β‐ketone alcohols yield ynamides, ynoates, and ynones, respectively, for the first time, with excellent regio‐ and chemoselectivity under mild reaction conditions.
Growth of Stable Surface Oxides on Pt(111) at Near‐Ambient Pressures
Authors: Fantauzzi Donato , Krick Calderón Sandra , Mueller Jonathan E. , Grabau Mathias , Papp Christian , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Senftle Thomas P. , van Duin Adri C. T. , Jacob Timo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDetailed knowledge of the structure and degree of oxidation of platinum surfaces under operando conditions is essential for understanding catalytic performance. However, experimental investigations of platinum surface oxides have been hampered by technical limitations, preventing in situ investigations at relevant pressures. As a result, the time‐dependent evolution of oxide formation has only received superficial treatment. In addition, the amorphous structures of many surface oxides have hindered realistic theoretical studies. Using near‐ambient pressure X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP‐XPS) we show that a time scale of hours (t≥4 h) is required for the formation of platinum surface oxides. These experimental observations are consistent with ReaxFF grand canonical Monte Carlo (ReaxFF‐GCMC) calculations, predicting the structures and coverages of stable, amorphous surface oxides at temperatures between 430–680 K and an O2 partial pressure of 1 mbar.
Sequence‐Controlled Polymers with Furan‐Protected Maleimide as a Latent Monomer
Authors: Ji Yuxuan , Zhang Liuqiao , Gu Xue , Zhang Wei , Zhou Nianchen , Zhang Zhengbiao , Zhu Xiulin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHerein, a novel methodology for preparing sequence‐controlled polymers is illustrated by using a latent monomer, furan protected maleimide (FMI). At 110 °C, FMI is deprotected by retro Diels–Alder (rDA) reaction, and the released MI is immediately involved in the cross‐polymerization with styrene (St) to deliver heterosegments. At 40 °C the rDA reaction does not proceed, therefore homo‐poly(styrene) segments are produced. By implementing programmable temperature changes during polymerization of St and FMI, “living” polymers with tailored a sequence are created. A ternary copolymerization produces complex sequences as designed. Alkynyl‐functionalized FMI, used as a latent monomer, leads to the desirable placement of functional groups along the polymer chain. This latent‐monomer‐based strategy opens a new avenue for fabricating sequence‐controlled polymers.
Supramolecular Graft Copolymerization of a Polyester by Guest‐Selective Encapsulation of a Self‐Assembled Capsule
Authors: Tsunoda Yuta , Takatsuka Mei , Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRepeating guest units of polyesters poly‐(R)‐2 were selectively encapsulated by capsule 1(BF4)4 to produce supramolecular graft polymers. The encapsulation of the guest units was confirmed by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The graft polymer structures were confirmed by the increase in the hydrodynamic radii and the solution viscosities of the polyesters upon complexation of the capsule. After the capsule was formed, atomic force microscopy showed extension of the polyester chains. The introduction of the graft chains onto poly‐(R)‐2 resulted in the main chain of the polymer having an M‐helical morphology. The complexation of copolymers poly‐[(R)‐2‐co‐(S)‐2] by the capsule gave rise to the unique chiral amplification known as the majority‐rules effect.
Gelatin and pregelatinized starch orally disintegrating films: Properties and stability of vitamin C
Authors: dos Santos Garcia Vitor Augusto , Gonçalves Borges Josiane , Mazalli Mônica Roberta , Lapa‐Guimarães Judite das Graças , Vanin Fernanda Maria , de Carvalho Rosemary Aparecida 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe administration of active compounds by the oral mucosa is an efficient method for the delivery of drugs and nutrients. This work aimed to develop and characterize orally disintegrating films (ODFs) based on starch and gelatin as carriers of vitamin C. The ODFs were produced using a casting technique by varying the concentrations of starch and gelatin (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 g of starch/100 g of polymer) and were characterized in relation to contact angle, opacity, surface pH, infrared spectroscopy, mechanical properties, morphology, and disintegration time (in vitro and in vivo). Additionally, the stability of vitamin C in the ODFs was evaluated by the incorporation of the dry extract of acerola (4 g/100 g of filmogenic solution). Generally, the ODFs presented hydrophilic characteristics with a neutral surface pH near the mouth, and films with higher starch concentrations showed greater rigidity. In vitro and in vivo tests indicated that ODFs may be classified as rapidly disintegrating. The ODFs produced with higher concentrations of starch showed a higher stability of the active compound, in addition to a shorter disintegration time. Starch‐ and gelatin‐based ODFs can be considered a new system for administering active ingredients via the oral mucosa. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44841.
Randomized clinical trial of 24 versus 72 h antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients undergoing open total gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Takagane A , Mohri Y , Konishi T , Fukushima R , Noie T , Sueyoshi S , Omura K , Ono S , Kusunoki M , Mochizuki H , Sumiyama Y 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background
Open total gastrectomy carries a high risk of surgical-site infection (SSI). This study evaluated the non-inferiority of antimicrobial prophylaxis for 24 compared with 72 h after open total gastrectomy.

Methods
An open-label, randomized, non-inferiority study was conducted at 57 institutions in Japan. Eligible patients were those who underwent open total gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Patients were assigned randomly to continued use of β-lactamase inhibitor for either 24 or 72 h after surgery. The primary endpoint was the incidence of SSI, with non-inferiority based on a margin of 9 percentage points and a 90 per cent c.i. The secondary endpoint was the incidence of remote infection.

Results
A total of 464 patients (24 h prophylaxis, 228; 72 h prophylaxis, 236) were analysed. SSI occurred in 20 patients (8·8 per cent) in the 24-h prophylaxis group and 26 (11·0 per cent) in the 72-h group (absolute difference −2·2 (90 per cent c.i. −6·8 to 2·4) per cent; P &lt; 0·001 for non-inferiority). However, the incidence of remote infection was significantly higher in the 24-h prophylaxis group.

Conclusion
Antimicrobial prophylaxis for 24 h after total gastrectomy is not inferior to 72 h prophylaxis for prevention of SSI. Shortened antimicrobial prophylaxis might increase the incidence of remote infection. Registration number: UMIN000001062 (http://www.umin.ac.jp).
Effect of preoperative biliary drainage on bacterial flora in bile of patients with periampullary cancer
Authors: Scheufele F , Aichinger L , Jäger C , Demir I E , Schorn S , Sargut M , Erkan M , Kleeff J , Friess H , Ceyhan G O 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background
Patients with obstructive jaundice due to periampullary tumours may undergo preoperative biliary drainage (PBD). The effect of PBD on the microbiome of the biliary system and on postoperative outcome remains unclear.

Methods
A single-centre retrospective study of patients with obstructive jaundice due to periampullary cancer, treated between July 2007 and July 2015, was undertaken. Intraoperative bile samples were obtained for microbiological analysis after transection of the common bile duct. Postoperative complications were registered.

Results
Of 290 patients treated, intraoperative bile samples were present for 172 patients (59·3 per cent) who had PBD and 118 (40·7 per cent) who did not. Contamination of bile was increased significantly in patients who underwent stenting (97·1 per cent versus 18·6 per cent in those without stenting; P &lt; 0·001). PBD resulted in a shift in the biliary microbiome from Escherichia coli in non-stented patients (45 per cent versus 19·2 per cent in stented patients; P = 0·009) towards increased contamination with Enterococcus faecalis (9 versus 37·7 per cent respectively; P = 0·008) and Enterobacter cloacae (0 versus 20·4 per cent; P = 0·033). This shift was associated with a high incidence of bacterial resistance against ampicillin–sulbactam (63·6 per cent versus 18 per cent in patients with no PBD; P &lt; 0·001), piperacillin–tazobactam (30·1 versus 0 per cent respectively; P = 0·003), ciprofloxacin (28·5 versus 5 per cent; P = 0·047) and imipenem (26·6 versus 0 per cent; P = 0·011). The rate of wound infection was higher in patients with a positive bile culture (21·0 per cent versus 6 per cent in patients with sterile bile; P = 0·002). Regression analysis revealed the presence of Enterococcus faecium (odds ratio 2·83, 95 per cent c.i. 1·17 to 6·84; P = 0·021) and Citrobacter species (odds ratio 5·09, 1·65 to 15·71; P = 0·005) as independent risk factors for postoperative wound infection.

Conclusion
There are fundamental differences in the biliary microbiome of patients with periampullary cancer who undergo PBD and those who do not. PBD induces a shift of the biliary microbiome towards a more aggressive and resistant spectrum, which requires a differentiated perioperative antibiotic treatment strategy.
MonitTDPA: A tool for monitoring the tracing of dynamic programming algorithms
Authors: Bahig Hazem M. , Khedr Ahmed Y. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTAlgorithms are important procedures that are found in every aspect in our life. Large numbers of these algorithms cannot be accurately understood unless they are presented differently, especially if they are taught to students. A complete visualization system is created to teach dynamic programming algorithms. Through visualization, a student is able to trace the algorithm step‐by‐step, similar to the debugger, but in a simplified way. In addition, the system can handle errors during the execution of the algorithm. Moreover, the system guides and helps the students during the tracing and stores all of the information about the errors during the tracing. The students obtain the feedback of the tracing from a report generated by the system. The teacher benefits from the generated report through the enhancement of the teaching methods that focus on the misunderstood steps. Additionally, the system allows the user to see how a certain algorithm can be monitored by displaying the source code. The developed system is evaluated using different methods to prove the effectiveness of the system in teaching and learning.© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:179–187, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae21781.
Chemical Composition and Behavioral Effects of Five Plant Essential Oils on the Green Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Authors: Kasmi Abir , Hammami Majdi , Raoelison Emmanuel G. , Abderrabba Manef , Bouajila Jalloul , Ducamp Christine 
Published: January 2017

Essential oils (EOs) from Schinus molle, Helichrysum gymnocephalum, Cedrelopsis grevei and Melaleuca viridiflora, four aromatic and medicinal plants, are commonly used in folk medicine. EOs were characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and quantified by gas chromatography‐flame ionization detection (GC‐FID); then evaluated for their behavioral effects on adults of the green pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) using a Perspex four‐armed olfactometer in order to test the compatibility of their use as phytoinsecticides to control this insect pest. Our results showed that the EOs from the leaves of S. molle, M. viridiflora and C. grevei did not change aphids’ behavior. However, S. molle fruits EO seemed to be attractive while H. gymnocephalum leaves EO exhibited repellency towards aphids at a dose of 10 μl. The major compounds in S. molle fruits EO were 6‐epi‐shyobunol (16.22%) and d‐limonene (15.35%). While, in H. gymnocephalum leaves EO, 1,8‐cineole was the main compound (47.4%). The difference in aphids’ responses to these two EOs could be attributed to the differences in their compositions. Our findings suggest that these two EOs have potential applications for the integrated pest management of A. pisum (Harris).
A Triflamide‐Tethered N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Rhodium(I) Catalyst for Hydroalkoxylation Reactions: Ligand‐Promoted Nucleophilic Activation of Alcohols
Authors: Sarbajna Abir , Pandey Pragati , Rahaman S. M. Wahidur , Singh Kuldeep , Tyagi Akshi , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Bera Jitendra. K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA triflamide‐tethered N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐bound RhI dicarbonyl catalyst was highly effective for both intermolecular hydroalkoxylation and intramolecular heteroannulation reactions. The involvement of both the amido nitrogen and triflato oxygen atoms of the triflamide functionality for alcohol activation and 1,2‐hydrogen shift, respectively, was proposed.
New Carbon Monoliths for Supercapacitor Electrodes. Looking at the Double Layer
Authors: Moreno‐Fernandez Gelines , Kunowsky Mirko , Lillo‐Ródenas Maria Ángeles , Ibañez Joaquin , Rojo Jose M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCarbon monoliths are prepared by combining two carbon phases. A major phase is activated anthracite, which provides microporosity and a large surface area. The other phase is a carbonized polymer that provides self‐consistency and contributes to densifying the monolith. Different degrees of anthracite activation and different contents of the two phases are investigated. These all‐carbon monoliths have surface areas up to 2600 m2 g−1, mechanical strengths up to 6 MPa, electrical conductivities up to 2–4 S cm−1, and densities between 0.4 and 0.7 g cm−3. In sulfuric acid electrolyte, gravimetric capacitances up to 307 F g−1 are achieved. The double‐layer capacitances due to the hydronium and bisulfate ions are separately measured, the former being approximately 25% higher than the latter. The size of the two ions electro‐adsorbed at the double layer is discussed. The pseudocapacitance associated with the hydronium ion is 10–25% of the total capacitance of this ion. All of the carbon monoliths show high capacitance retention with current density; the retention of the double‐layer capacitance is similar for the two types of ions and higher than the retention of the pseudocapacitance associated with the hydronium ion.
Optically Active Phenylethene Dimers Based on Planar Chiral Tetrasubstituted [2.2]Paracyclophane
Authors: Gon Masayuki , Morisaki Yasuhiro , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOptically active phenylethene dimers based on a planar chiral 4,7,12,15‐tetrasubstituted [2.2]paracyclophane were synthesized. We succeeded in controlling the molecular motion by binding luminophores in close proximity with the [2.2]paracyclophane scaffold. For example, aggregation‐induced emission (AIE)‐active luminophores were converted to show intense photoluminescence (PL) even in a diluted solution at room temperature and the resulting compound worked as a single‐molecule thermoresponsible material around room temperature. Because of the AIE‐active unit, the molecular motion could be easily activated by heating, leading to variable and reversible PL intensity. Furthermore, the π‐conjugated systems with the planar chirality of 4,7,12,15‐tetrasubstituted [2.2]paracyclophane provided excellent characteristics on circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). The obtained dimers showed high CPL performances both in a diluted solution and in an aggregation state. We succeeded in proving that simple molecular designs composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms could create versatile optical functionalities.
Adverse Effects of Excess Residual PbI2 on Photovoltaic Performance, Charge Separation, and Trap‐State Properties in Mesoporous Structured Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Hao‐Yi , Hao Ming‐Yang , Han Jun , Yu Man , Qin Yujun , Zhang Pu , Guo Zhi‐Xin , Ai Xi‐Cheng , Zhang Jian‐Ping 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOrganic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells have rapidly come to prominence in the photovoltaic field. In this context, CH3NH3PbI3, as the most widely adopted active layer, has been attracting great attention. Generally, in a CH3NH3PbI3 layer, unreacted PbI2 inevitably coexists with the perovskite crystals, especially following a two‐step fabrication process. There appears to be a consensus that an appropriate amount of unreacted PbI2 is beneficial to the overall photovoltaic performance of a device, the only disadvantageous aspect of excess residual PbI2 being viewed as its insulating nature. However, the further development of such perovskite‐based devices requires a deeper understanding of the role of residual PbI2. In this work, PbI2‐enriched and PbI2‐controlled perovskite films, as two extreme cases, have been prepared by modulating the crystallinity of a pre‐deposited PbI2 film. The effects of excess residual PbI2 have been elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and optoelectronic studies. The initial charge separation, the trap‐state density, and the trap‐state distribution have all been found to be adversely affected in PbI2‐enriched devices, to the detriment of photovoltaic performance. This leads to a biphasic recombination process and accelerates the charge carrier recombination dynamics.
Supramolecular Polymerization of Supermacrocycles: Effect of Molecular Conformations on Kinetics and Morphology
Authors: Yamauchi Mitsuaki , Adhikari Bimalendu , Prabhu Deepak D. , Lin Xu , Karatsu Takashi , Ohba Tomonori , Shimizu Nobutaka , Takagi Hideaki , Haruki Rie , Adachi Shin‐ichi , Kajitani Takashi , Fukushima Takanori , Yagai Shiki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntricately designed π‐conjugated molecules containing interactive groups can be used to generate supramolecular polymers with outstanding structural and functional properties. To construct such supramolecular polymers, the non‐covalent synthesis of supermacrocyclic monomers from relatively simple molecules represents an attractive strategy, although this has been rarely exploited. Here, we report the supramolecular polymerization of two barbiturate‐naphthalene derivatives that circularly hexamerize by hydrogen bonding. The two molecules contain an aliphatic “wedge” unit with either an ether or ester linkage. This subtle difference is amplified into distinct features both in terms of the morphology of the supramolecular polymers and the polymerization process. The degrees of conformational freedom of the wedge unit determine the stacking of the supermacrocycles, as is evident from 2D X‐ray diffraction analyses on the aligned fibers. The differences in stacking impart the supramolecular polymer fibers with different morphological features (cylindrical or helical), which are reflected in the properties of concentrated solutions (suspension or gel). The degrees of conformational freedom of the wedge unit also affect the polymerization kinetics, in which the more flexible ether linkage induces pathway complexity by the formation of off‐pathway aggregates.
Intercalation into a Prussian Blue Derivative from Solutions Containing Two Species of Cations
Authors: Erinmwingbovo Collins , Palagonia Maria Sofia , Brogioli Doriano , La Mantia Fabio 
Published: January 2017

AbstractReversible mixed‐ion intercalation in nonselective host structures has promising applications in desalination, mixed‐ion batteries, wastewater treatment, and lithium recovery through electrochemical ion pumping. One class of host compound that possesses many of the requirements needed for such applications (cost effectiveness, fast ion kinetics, and stability in an aqueous medium) includes the Prussian blue derivatives. Herein, the fundamental process of intercalation of multiple cations is studied at the thermodynamic level by means of galvanostatic cycling. Nickel hexacyanoferrate is focused upon because of its stability and low potential for electrochemical process relative to other hexacyanoferrates. Various cations can be intercalated; large cations (K+ and NH4+) are intercalated at higher potentials than those of smaller cations (Na+). When mixtures of cations are present in solution, the potential profile is not qualitatively altered with respect to single‐salt solutions, but the potential of (de‐)intercalation is shifted; a simple thermodynamic model is introducted that is able to predict the potential and distribution at which intercalation takes place.
Magnetically Recoverable Pd/Fe3O4 Core–Shell Nanowire Clusters with Increased Hydrogenation Activity
Authors: Watt John , Kotula Paul G. , Huber Dale L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCore–shell nanostructures are promising candidates for the next generation of catalysts due to synergistic effects which can arise from having two active species in close contact, leading to increased activity. Likewise, catalysts displaying added functionality, such as a magnetic response, can have increased scientific and industrial potential. Here, Pd/Fe3O4 core–shell nanowire clusters are synthesized and applied as hydrogenation catalysts for an industrially important hydrogenation reaction: the conversion of acetophenone to 1‐phenylethanol. During synthesis, the palladium nanowires self‐assemble into clusters which act as a high‐surface‐area framework for the growth of a magnetic iron oxide shell. This material demonstrates excellent catalytic activity due to the presence of palladium while the strong magnetic properties provided by the iron oxide shell enable facile catalyst recovery.