bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Secondary to Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis: Predictors of Respiratory Failure and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Cartin‐Ceba Rodrigo , Diaz‐Caballero Luis , Al‐Qadi Mazen O. , Tryfon Stavros , Fervenza Fernando C. , Ytterberg Steven R. , Specks Ulrich 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo identify predictors of respiratory failure and to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of plasma exchange (PE) and of rituximab versus cyclophosphamide in a cohort of patients with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) secondary to antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV) with or without respiratory failure.MethodsWe performed a single‐center historical cohort study of all consecutive patients with AAV‐associated DAH who were evaluated over a 16‐year period. Logistic regression models were developed to examine the predictive role of the baseline clinical characteristics for the development of respiratory failure, and for the effect of PE and remission induction therapy on the main outcome (complete remission at 6 months).ResultsSeventy‐three patients with DAH were identified, and 34 of them experienced respiratory failure. The degree of hypoxemia upon initial presentation, a higher percentage of neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell count, and higher C‐reactive protein levels were independently associated with the development of respiratory failure. PE was not associated with achieving complete remission at 6 months, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.49 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.12–1.95) (P = 0.32). Rituximab treatment was independently associated with achieving complete remission at 6 months (OR 6.45 [95% CI 1.78–29], P = 0.003).ConclusionOur findings indicate that the most important predictor of respiratory failure in patients with DAH secondary to AAV is the degree of hypoxemia upon presentation. No clear benefit of the addition of PE to standard remission induction therapy was demonstrated. Complete remission by 6 months was achieved at a higher rate with rituximab than with cyclophosphamide in patients with DAH secondary to AAV, including those needing mechanical ventilation.
Association of Pre‐Pregnancy Body Mass Index, Pregnancy‐Related Weight Changes, and Parity With the Risk of Developing Degenerative Musculoskeletal Conditions
Authors: Bliddal Mette , Pottegård Anton , Kirkegaard Helene , Olsen Jørn , Jørgensen Jan S. , Sørensen Thorkild I. A. , Dreyer Lene , Nohr Ellen A. 
Published: December 2015

Objective To examine how pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI), parity, and pregnancy‐related weight changes are associated with long‐term risk of degenerative musculoskeletal conditions.Methods A total of 79,687 mothers with singleton births from the Danish National Birth Cohort were included. Information on height and weight prior to pregnancy and 6 months postpartum as well as gestational weight gain (GWG) was obtained from telephone interviews, while parity was derived from the Danish Medical Birth Registry. Diagnoses of musculoskeletal conditions, including osteoarthritis, disc disorders, low back pain, and soft tissue disorders, were obtained from the Danish National Patient Registry. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model.ResultsThe cumulative incidence of musculoskeletal conditions during a median follow‐up of 12.4 years was 19.7%. The risk of musculoskeletal conditions increased with both increasing pre‐pregnancy BMI and increasing parity. Compared to normal‐weight first‐time mothers, the highest risk was seen in obese women with >2 births (HR 1.61 [95% confidence interval 1.41–1.83]). GWG of 10–15 kg was associated with the lowest risk of musculoskeletal conditions. Compared to women with no change in weight from preconception to 6 months after childbirth (±1 BMI unit), increasing postpartum weight increased the risk of musculoskeletal conditions in normal‐weight and overweight women.ConclusionOur findings indicate that high pre‐pregnancy BMI increases the risk of degenerative musculoskeletal conditions. Low and high GWG, higher postpartum weight retention, and especially higher parity are associated with an increased risk. Prevention of being overweight before, during, and after pregnancy may reduce the risk of development of degenerative musculoskeletal conditions among mothers.
Tracing the source of ENSO simulation differences to the atmospheric component of two CGCMs
Authors: Tang Yanli , Li Lijuan , Dong Wenjie , Wang Bin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTo explore why the Community Earth System Model (CESM) exhibits too strong El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), its atmospheric component is replaced by another Atmospheric General Circulation Model (AGCM). Differences among the two simulations and another ‘parent’ model are then analyzed with reference to their underlying mechanisms. The results indicate that too large ENSO amplitude in the CESM is reduced to half by the new AGCM, mainly due to shortwave radiation feedback. Weaker shortwave radiation feedback in the CESM is found to be closely related to the too negative feedbacks of the cloud fraction and cloud liquid amount in the lower layers.
Improvement of land surface temperature simulation over the Tibetan Plateau and the associated impact on circulation in East Asia
Authors: Zhuo Haifeng , Liu Yimin , Jin Jiming 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA new sensible‐heat (SH) parameterization was used in the Weather Research and Forecasting model to improve the vertical heat transfer simulation in arid regions. With this new scheme, the simulated SH decreased, resulting in a 2 °C reduction of the cold bias in the land surface temperature over the Tibetan Plateau. The weakened SH led to anticyclonic circulation and cyclonical flow changes in the northern East China due to Rossby wave propagation. The summer‐rainfall in East Asian is marginally improved. It is suggested that the SH simulation over the Plateau is a land–atmosphere coupling issue that is important to the dynamical downscaling in East Asian.
The Phantom Decoy Effect in Perceptual Decision Making
Authors: Trueblood Jennifer S. , Pettibone Jonathan C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA phantom decoy is an alternative that is superior to another “target” option but is unavailable at the time of choice. In value‐based decisions involving phantom decoys (e.g., consumer choices), individuals often show increased preference for the similar, inferior target option over a non‐dominated competitor alternative. Unlike value‐based decisions that are driven by subjective goals, perceptual decisions typically have an outside criterion that defines the goal of the task (e.g., target is present or absent). Despite their obvious differences, past research has documented a number of commonalities between both types of decisions. In a set of three experiments, we examine the influence of phantom options on simple perceptual decisions and point out a critical difference between perceptual and value‐based decisions. Our results show that in perceptual choice, participants prefer competitor options to target options, the opposite of the pattern typically found in consumer choice. We use the results of the experiments to examine the predictions of four different models of context effects including loss aversion and dynamic, preference accumulation models. We find that accumulation models provide the best explanation for our results as well as being able to generalize to other context effects. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scrambling of disulfide bond scaffolds in neurotoxin AuIB: A molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Roy Durba , Lakshminarayanan Madhavkrishnan 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTAuIB, a neurotoxic conopeptide, is a “selective antagonist” of the α3‐β4 subtype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human brain and is investigated extensively for its immense potency in the treatment of pain. It contains two disulfide linkages, which are decisive in maintaining its structure and functional selectivity. Here we report, a molecular dynamics simulation study of the role of disulfide bonds on the secondary structure of AuIB in water. The native form of AuIB (N) is found to be significantly stable in water with very robust 310 and α‐helical domains, featuring ∼47% of the total structure. The partially reduced AuIB (P2‐8), with the disulfide bond between cysteine 2, 8 broken, shows significantly perturbed secondary structural features with almost total loss in helicity. Breaking of the disulfide bond between cysteine 3, 15 (P3‐15), on the other hand, has almost no effect on the helical region of the peptide, although the weightage of β‐turn increased at the cost of random coil. Intriguingly, when both the disulfide bonds are broken (D), the helical region is affected, but the loss in helicity is less than that observed in the P2‐8 case. To understand the disulfide scrambling process, the relative probabilities of forming three disulfide‐bond isoforms of AuIB in water are estimated from the sulfur‐sulfur (SS) distance distributions of the four cysteine residues present in AuIB (D). Simulations show that the native globular form dominates ∼73% of the isoform population, with the beads form being the second most populated one. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 196–209, 2016.
Building mental models by dissecting physical models
Authors: Srivastava Anveshna 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWhen students build physical models from prefabricated components to learn about model systems, there is an implicit trade‐off between the physical degrees of freedom in building the model and the intensity of instructor supervision needed. Models that are too flexible, permitting multiple possible constructions require greater supervision to ensure focused learning; models that are too constrained require less supervision, but can be constructed mechanically, with little to no conceptual engagement. We propose “model‐dissection” as an alternative to “model‐building,” whereby instructors could make efficient use of supervisory resources, while simultaneously promoting focused learning. We report empirical results from a study conducted with biology undergraduate students, where we demonstrate that asking them to “dissect” out specific conceptual structures from an already built 3D physical model leads to a significant improvement in performance than asking them to build the 3D model from simpler components. Using questionnaires to measure understanding both before and after model‐based interventions for two cohorts of students, we find that both the “builders” and the “dissectors” improve in the post‐test, but it is the latter group who show statistically significant improvement. These results, in addition to the intrinsic time‐efficiency of “model dissection,” suggest that it could be a valuable pedagogical tool. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44:7–11, 2016.
Expression, purification, and characterization of a carbohydrate‐active enzyme: A research‐inspired methods optimization experiment for the biochemistry laboratory
Authors: Willbur Jaime F. , Vail Justin D. , Mitchell Lindsey N. , Jakeman David L. , Timmons Shannon C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe development and implementation of research‐inspired, discovery‐based experiences into science laboratory curricula is a proven strategy for increasing student engagement and ownership of experiments. In the novel laboratory module described herein, students learn to express, purify, and characterize a carbohydrate‐active enzyme using modern techniques and instrumentation commonly found in a research laboratory. Unlike in a traditional cookbook‐style experiment, students generate their own hypotheses regarding expression conditions and quantify the amount of protein isolated using their selected variables. Over the course of three 3‐hour laboratory periods, students learn to use sterile technique to express a protein using recombinant DNA in E. coli, purify the resulting enzyme via affinity chromatography and dialysis, analyze the success of their purification scheme via SDS‐PAGE, assess the activity of the enzyme via an HPLC‐based assay, and quantify the amount of protein isolated via a Bradford assay. Following the completion of this experiment, students were asked to evaluate their experience via an optional survey. All students strongly agreed that this laboratory module was more interesting to them than traditional experiments because of its lack of a pre‐determined outcome and desired additional opportunities to participate in the experimental design process. This experiment serves as an example of how research‐inspired, discovery‐based experiences can benefit both the students and instructor; students learned important skills necessary for real‐world biochemistry research and a more concrete understanding of the research process, while generating new knowledge to enhance the scholarly endeavors of the instructor. © 2015 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44:75–85, 2016.
Defects in Porous Networks of WO3 Particle Aggregates
Authors: Márquez Augusto , Rodríguez‐Pérez Manuel J. , Anta Juan A. , Rodríguez‐Gattorno Geonel , Bourret Gilles R. , Oskam Gerko , Berger Thomas 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe most frequently studied functionalities of porous WO3 particle systems—namely their electrochromic and photocatalytic properties—are intimately related to the wanted or unwanted action of defects in the material. Here, we report on the generation and action of three types of defects in WO3 electrodes: solid/solid interfaces between adjacent particle aggregates, defects generated in situ upon photoinduced electron accumulation, and defects resulting from tungsten bronze formation. Depending on the degree of aggregate interconnection, we observe a beneficial, albeit transient, effect of charge accumulation on the photoelectrocatalytic activity of the thin films, giving rise to an almost threefold increase in photocurrent. The dynamic change of thin film properties associated with this doping process is tracked by a combined spectroscopic and electrochemical approach, which allows the beneficial and detrimental effects of defects to be resolved on the electrochemical potential scale.
AIE Luminogen‐Functionalized Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres for Drug Delivery and Cell Imaging
Authors: Fan Zhiying , Li Dongdong , Yu Xue , Zhang Yuping , Cai Yong , Jin Jingji , Yu Jihong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHollow mesoporous silica nanospheres functionalized with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) luminogen tetraphenylethene were prepared by postgrafting method. The as‐prepared inorganic–organic hybrid nanospheres show bright blue emission and good biocompatibility as shown by MTT assays. The large cavities of the materials enable high loading of the anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX), and the mesoporous silica shells allow pH‐dependent drug release. The materials can be effectively taken up by cells and function as luminescent bioprobes, demonstrating their potential application in imaging‐guided therapy.
NH3 Synthesis in the N2/H2 Reaction System using Cooperative Molecular Tungsten/Rhodium Catalysis in Ionic Hydrogenation: A DFT Study
Authors: Moha Verena , Leitner Walter , Hölscher Markus 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe ionic hydrogenation of N2 with H2 to give NH3 is investigated by means of density functional theory (DFT) computations using a cooperatively acting catalyst system. In this system, N2 binds to a neutral tungsten pincer complex of the type [(PNP)W(N2)3] (PNP=pincer ligand) and is reduced to NH3. The protons and hydride centers necessary for the reduction are delivered by heterolytic cleavage of H2 between the N2–tungsten complex and the cationic rhodium complex [Cp*Rh{2‐(2‐pyridyl)phenyl}(CH3CN)]+. Successive transfer of protons and hydrides to the bound N2, as well as all NxHy units that occur during the reaction, enable the computation of closed catalytic cycles in the gas and in the solvent phase. By optimizing the pincer ligands of the tungsten complex, energy spans as low as 39.3 kcal mol−1 could be obtained, which is unprecedented in molecular catalysis for the N2/H2 reaction system.
Carboxylate‐Assisted Iridium‐Catalyzed C−H Amination of Arenes with Biologically Relevant Alkyl Azides
Authors: Zhang Tao , Hu Xuejiao , Wang Zhen , Yang Tiantian , Sun Hao , Li Guigen , Lu Hongjian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn iridium‐catalyzed C−H amination of arenes with a wide substrate scope is reported. Benzamides with electron‐donating and ‐withdrawing groups and linear, branched, and cyclic alkyl azides are all applicable. Cesium carboxylate is crucial for both reactivity and regioselectivity of the reactions. Many biologically relevant molecules, such as amino acid, peptide, steroid, sugar, and thymidine derivatives can be introduced to arenes with high yields and 100 % chiral retention.
Pyrolysis of Animal Bones with Vitamin B12: A Facile Route to Efficient Transition Metal–Nitrogen–Carbon (TM‐N‐C) Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Dou Meiling , He Duanpeng , Shao Wenhao , Liu Haijing , Wang Feng , Dai Liming 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBy pyrolyzing cattle bones, hierarchical porous carbon (HPC) networks with a high surface area (2520 m2 g−1) and connected pores were prepared at a low cost and large scale. Subsequent co‐pyrolysis of HPC with vitamin B12 resulted in the formation of three‐dimensional (3D) hierarchically structured porous cobalt–nitrogen–carbon (Co‐N‐HPC) electrocatalysts with a surface area as high as 859 m2 g−1 as well as a higher oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalytic activity, better operation stability, and higher tolerance to methanol than the commercial Pt/C catalyst in alkaline electrolyte.
Frozen Dissymmetric Cavities in Resorcinarene‐Based Coordination Capsules
Authors: Imamura Taisuke , Maehara Takeshi , Sekiya Ryo , Haino Takeharu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBy introducing slight structural modifications to a D4‐symmetric coordination capsule, we succeeded in isolating the nearly enantiopure capsules (P)‐ and (M)‐2 a(BF4)4. Chiral guest, dibenzyl 4,4′‐diacetoxy‐6,6′‐dimethyl‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2,2′‐dicarboxylate (3) was encapsulated within the dissymmetric cavity of 2 a(BF4)4, resulting in a high diastereoselectivity of >99 % de. The encapsulated guest was successfully removed from the complex without racemization through precipitation of the empty capsule. CD spectra confirmed that the chirality of the capsule was maintained in THF and 1,4‐dioxane for long periods, whereas a small amount of acetonitrile accelerated racemization of the empty capsule. The activation parameters of the racemization reaction were determined in dichloromethane and 1,2‐dichloroethane, resulting in positive enthalpic contributions and large negative entropic contributions, respectively. Accordingly, the racemization fits a first‐order kinetic model. Mechanically coupled Cu+‐2,2′‐bipyridine coordination centers were responsible for the high‐energy barrier of racemization and led to the unique chiral memory of the dissymmetric cavity, which was turned off by the addition of acetonitrile.
Color‐based automatic detection of worn out varnishes on Stradivari's “Scotland University” violin back plate
Authors: Dondi Piercarlo , Lombardi Luca , Malagodi Marco , Licchelli Maurizio , Cacciatori Fausto 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUV‐induced fluorescence (UVIFL) photography is widely used in the study of artworks, in particular for the analysis of historical musical instruments (e.g., violins). This technique allows seeing important details, which cannot be observed with visible light, such as retouching, different paints coats, or worn areas of the superficial varnishes. However, the interpretation of UVIFL images may be very complex, in relation to preservation state of the analyzed artifact. The aim of this work is the development of a new tool able to automatically detect the presence of colors related to worn areas on the back plates of historical violins. The proposed solution is a program able to identify some peculiar color hues related to wear, find their position on the surface and compute their percentage respect to the total area. The study was performed on UVIFL imagery of Stradivari's “Scotland University” violin (1734) held in the “Museo del Violino” in Cremona (Italy). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 313–316, 2016
Variation in social relationships relates to song preferences andEGR1 expression in a female songbird
Authors: Schubloom Hannah E. , Woolley Sarah C. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTSocial experiences can profoundly shape social behavior and the underlying neural circuits. Across species, the formation of enduring social relationships is associated with both neural and behavioral changes. However, it remains unclear how longer‐term relationships between individuals influence brain and behavior. Here, we investigated how variation in social relationships relates to variation in female preferences for and neural responses to song in a pair‐bonding songbird. We assessed variation in the interactions between individuals in male‐female zebra finch pairs and found that female preferences for their mate's song were correlated with the degree of affiliation and amount of socially modulated singing, but not with the frequency of aggressive interactions. Moreover, variation in measures of pair quality and preference correlated with variation in the song‐induced expression of EGR1, an immediate early gene related to neural activity and plasticity, in brain regions important for auditory processing and social behavior. For example, females with weaker preferences for their mate's song had greater EGR1 expression in the nucleus Taeniae, the avian homologue of the mammalian medial amygdala, in response to playback of their mate's courtship song. Our data indicate that the quality of social interactions within pairs relates to variation in song preferences and neural responses to ethologically relevant stimuli and lend insight into neural circuits sensitive to social information. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1029–1040, 2016
The eating disorder examination‐questionnaire 8: A brief measure of eating disorder psychopathology (EDE‐Q8)
Authors: Kliem Sören , Mößle Thomas , Zenger Markus , Strauß Bernhard , Brähler Elmar , Hilbert Anja 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop, evaluate, and standardize a short form of the well‐established Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q). The newly developed EDE‐Q8 was required to reflect the originally postulated structure of the EDE‐Q.MethodData were drawn from two nationwide representative population surveys in Germany: a survey conducted to develop the EDE‐Q8 in 2009 (N = 2,520); and a survey conducted in 2013 (N = 2,508) for the evaluation and calculation of EDE‐Q8 percentiles.ResultsThe EDE‐Q8 had excellent item characteristics, very good reliability and a very good model fit for the postulated second‐order factorial structure. Furthermore, a strong correlation between the EDE‐Q8 and a 13 item short form of the Eating Attitudes Test was observed.DiscussionThe EDE‐Q8 appears to be particularly suitable in epidemiological research, when an economical assessment of global eating disorder psychopathology is required. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:613–616).