bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methionine and Cysteamine in Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Overdose, Prospective Controlled Trial of Early Therapy
Authors: Hamlyn A N , Lesna M , Record C O , Smith P A , Watson A J , Meredith T , Volans G N , Crome P 
Published: January 2017

We have studied forty patients who were at risk of hepatic, renal, pancreatic or myocardial injury as a consequence of severe paracetamol overdosage and who were admitted to hospital within 10 h of ingestion. These were sequentially randomized into three treatment groups, comprising intravenous cysteamine therapy (3.6 g over 20 h, n = 14), oral methionine (10 g over 16 h, n = 13) or supportive therapy only (intravenous 10% dextrose with vitamins, n=13). All groups were matched for age, ingestion-treatment interval and severity of poisoning as estimated by stated amount ingested and a logarithmic paracetamol blood level index. One death occurred in the supportive therapy (S) group. Significant differences in peak serum aspartate aminotransferase levels were seen with geometric means in S of 1046 U/l, in cysteamine treatment of 96 U/l and in methionine treatment of 139 Ull (Wilcoxon sum of ranks p < 0.01 in favour of methionine, p < 0.002 in favour of cysteamine). Hepatic necrosis, as shown by ‘blind’ histological assessment, was significantly less frequent in actively treated patients (methionine p < 0.05, cysteamine p < 0.01). These differences in favour of cysteamine and methionine were also reflected in peak serum bilirubin and prothrombin ratio. No significant effects of active treatment were shown for serial plasma creatinine, serum amylase, myocardial enzymes or ECG changes. We conclude that in the context of a prospective controlled trial of active agents: A convincing hepatoprotective effect of early i.v. cysteamine and oral methionine has been demonstrated. No clear difference in efficacy of the two antidotes has been shown. Early methionine administration is associated with few, if any, undesirable side-effects.
Effects of Buflomedil in a Group of Patients with Chronic Peripheral Arterial Diseases. Clinical and Hemorheological Evaluation
Authors: Mozzi E , Chiurazzi D , Spinola A , Annoni F , Germiniani R 
Published: January 2017

Fifty-three patients suffering from chronic arterial diseases of the lower limbs were treated with buflomedil, a vasoactive drug with vasodilating and hemorheological action on the microcirculation. The patients suffered from pain on walking or pain at rest; they were given 300 mg buflomedil orally twice a day for a period of about 2 months. The walking distance before pain onset was checked in all patients before and after the trial. Blood and plasma viscosity, haematocrit and fibrinogen and a Doppler velocimetry were also recorded. A significant improvement of the walking distance before pain onset was observed in nearly all patients, and in most patients the morphology of the velocity waves improved, too. No clear correlation between the positive clinical results and the hemorheological parameters studied could be observed.
Genome-wide analysis of blood gene expression in migraine implicates immune-inflammatory pathways
Authors: Gerring Zachary F , Powell Joseph E , Montgomery Grant W , Nyholt Dale R 
Published: January 2017

Background Typical migraine is a frequent, debilitating and painful headache disorder with an estimated heritability of about 50%. Although genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified over 40 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with migraine, further research is required to determine their biological role in migraine susceptibility. Therefore, we performed a study of genome-wide gene expression in a large sample of 83 migraine cases and 83 non-migraine controls to determine whether altered expression levels of genes and pathways could provide insights into the biological mechanisms underlying migraine. Methods We assessed whole blood gene expression data for 17994 expression probes measured using IlluminaHT-12 v4.0 BeadChips. Differential expression was assessed using multivariable logistic regression. Gene expression probes with a nominal p value < 0.05 were classified as differentially expressed. We identified modules of co-regulated genes and tested them for enrichment of differentially expressed genes and functional pathways using a false discovery rate <0.05. Results Association analyses between migraine and probe expression levels, adjusted for age and gender, revealed an excess of small p values, but there was no significant single-probe association after correction for multiple testing. Network analysis of pooled expression data identified 10 modules of co-expressed genes. One module harboured a significant number of differentially expressed genes and was strongly enriched with immune-inflammatory pathways, including multiple pathways expressed in microglial cells. Conclusions These data suggest immune-inflammatory pathways play an important role in the pathogenesis, manifestation, and/or progression of migraine in some patients. Furthermore, gene-expression associations are measurable in whole blood, suggesting the analysis of blood gene expression can inform our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying migraine, identify biomarkers, and facilitate the discovery of novel pathways and thus determine new targets for drug therapy.
The Tibial Tubercle–Trochlear Groove Distance Is Greater in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain: Implications for the Origin of Pain and Clinical Interventions
Authors: Carlson Victor R. , Boden Barry P. , Shen Aricia , Jackson Jennifer N. , Yao Lawrence , Sheehan Frances T. 
Published: January 2017

Background: The distance between the tibial tubercle (TT) and trochlear groove (TT-TG distance) is known to be greater in patients with patellar instability. However, the potential role and prevalence of pathological TT-TG distances in a large cohort of skeletally mature patients with isolated patellofemoral pain (PFP) are not clear. Purpose: To determine if the mean TT-TG distance is greater in patients with PFP, who lack a history of patellar dislocations, knee trauma, or osteoarthritis, relative to healthy controls. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 50 knees (38 patients) with PFP and 60 knees (56 controls) without PFP formed the basis of this study. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to determine the TT-TG distance from 3-dimensional static scans. Results: The cohort with PFP demonstrated a significantly greater mean TT-TG distance relative to asymptomatic controls (13.0 vs 10.8 mm, respectively; P = .001). Among the cohort with PFP, 15 knees (30%) demonstrated TT-TG distances ≥15 mm, and 3 knees (6%) demonstrated TT-TG distances ≥20 mm. Conclusion: Most adult patients with isolated PFP have elevated TT-TG distances compared with controls, which likely contributes to the force imbalance surrounding the knee.
Proprioception in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears: A Meta-analysis Comparing Injured and Uninjured Limbs
Authors: Kim Hyun-Jung , Lee Jin-Hyuck , Lee Dae-Hee 
Published: January 2017

Background: Because of a reduction in the number of mechanoreceptors or alterations of their characteristics, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears lead not only to mechanical instability but also to impaired proprioception. Purpose/Hypothesis: This study analyzed whether ACL tears cause a greater decrease in proprioception in injured than in uninjured knees. The hypothesis was that knee proprioception after ACL tears would decrease more in injured than in contralateral uninjured knees, regardless of the method used to measure knee proprioception. Study Design: Meta-analysis. Methods: We identified studies comparing proprioception in ACL-injured and contralateral intact knees using threshold for detection of passive motion (TTDPM) or joint position sense (JPS) tests. JPS was assessed by measuring the reproduction of passive positioning (RPP) or active repositioning (RAP) of the knee. Results: Sixteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. The pooled results of subgroup analyses of TTDPM for both 20° and 40° of knee flexion showed that mean angle of error was 0.23° (95% CI, 0.08°-0.37°) greater in ACL-injured than in contralateral intact knees ( P = .002). Pooled data RAP and RPP subgroup analyses also showed that the mean angle of error was 0.94° higher in ACL-injured than in contralateral intact knees. The mean difference in angle of error between ACL-injured and contralateral intact knees was 0.71° greater (95% CI, 0.68°-0.74°; P < .001) by JPS than by TTDPM. Conclusion: Proprioception of ACL-injured knees was decreased compared with contralateral intact knees, as determined by both joint movement (kinesthesia) and joint position. The magnitude of loss of proprioception was greater in joint position than in joint movement.
Thymic Hormones and Cytokines
Authors: Mastino A. , Favalli C. , Grelli S. , Garaci E. 
Published: January 2017

The discovery and the first studies on thymic hormones (TH) are historically linked with their role on the developmental events of T lymphocytes that occur within the thymus. However, paradoxically, during the most recent years, much more information about the effects of TH on mature effector cells, in relation with those indicating their real functions during the T-cell differentation, have been, in fact, available. Here we report an update discussion concerning the possible role of the cooperation between TH and cytokines in T-cell development. Moreover we illustrate the results obtained by us and other authors, demonstrating a strict connection between the action of thymosins, a family of peptides first isolated and purified from calf thymus (1), and that of cytokines.
Involuntary Outpatient Commitment, Community Treatment Orders, and Assisted Outpatient Treatment: What's in the Data?
Authors: Swartz Marvin S , Swanson Jeffrey W 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Involuntary outpatient commitment (OPC), also referred to as community treatment orders or assisted outpatient treatment, is a legal intervention intended to improve treatment adherence among persons with serious mental illness. This paper reviews the empirical literature on the procedure's effectiveness. Methods: We identified and reviewed all English-language studies of OPC and related procedures available in Medline and other bibliographic search services. Results: Existing naturalistic and quasi-experimental studies, taken as a whole, moderately support the view that the procedure is effective, although all do have methodological limitations. Two randomized controlled studies of OPC have conflicting findings and are reviewed in detail. Conclusions: On balance, empirical studies support the view that OPC is effective under certain conditions, although some of the evidence has been contested and the policy remains controversial.
Evaluation of a Children's Temper-Taming Program
Authors: Williams Susan , Waymouth Marjorie , Lipman Ellen , Mills Brenda , Evans Peter 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To examine the effectiveness of a group cognitive-behavioural therapy program in reducing anger and aggressive behaviour in children. Method: Study participants were 68 children aged 7 to 13 years and their parents. A total of 12 groups were run at an outpatient children's mental health centre. The children were referred to the groups by their clinician for assistance in reducing their aggressive behaviour. We obtained quantitative information on the effectiveness of the group from the children and their parents, who completed questionnaires before the first session and after the last session. The children completed the Children's Inventory of Anger (CIA), and the parents completed the Children's Hostility Inventory (CHI). We used t tests and analyses of covariance to test for posttreatment differences. Results: Results were available for 56 children. At posttreatment, children reported that the intensity of their anger had decreased (CIA, t41 = 4.39, P < 0.0001), and parents indicated a reduction in the frequency of aggression (CHI-Aggression, t44 = 2.82, P < 0.01) and hostility (CHI-Hostility, t44 = 4.93, P < 0.0001) in their children. Conclusions: The group program appeared to reduce children's anger and aggression. However, the results are preliminary, and further controlled evaluation is required.
Association between Antidepressant Use and Prescribing of Gastric Acid Suppressants
Authors: Ma Janice , Vaillancourt Régis , Boddam Randy , Auger Stéphane , Sampalis John 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To determine whether an increased risk of gastrointestinal events is present in younger, generally healthy adults who consume antidepressants. Method: We performed a retrospective cohort study using the pharmacy records of Canadian Forces (CF) members who received antidepressants between June 1997 and November 2002, excluding those taking bupropion for smoking cessation. The control cohort comprised members who received salbutamol. Changes in use of gastric acid–reducing agents (GARs) and incident GAR prescribing rates were compared pre- and postinitiation of target medications. We performed ogistic regression analyses to evaluate the effects of age, sex, and concomitant medication use on GAR prescribing. Results: A total of 8722 antidepressant exposures were identified among 5588 CF members. The control cohort consisted of 3059 people with 4154 salbutamol exposures. The number of incident GAR prescriptions decreased in both groups postexposure; however, the rate of decrease was significantly greater among salbutamol users (odds ratio 1.38; 95%CI, 1.12 to 1.71). Antidepressant users were significantly more likely to receive a new prescription for GAR following both short-term and long-term exposure (adjusted odds ratio 4.93; 95%CI, 2.66 to 9.21 and 2.83; 95%CI, 2.05 to 3.92, respectively). Antiplatelet agents, bisphosphonates, oral corticosteroids, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs were significant predictors of GAR prescription. Conclusion: Consistent with other reports, this study has identified that antidepressant use increases the risk for use of a gastric acid suppressant. Careful consideration should thus be made with regard to increased gastric event risk among antidepressant users.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Health-Related Quality of Life among a Sample of Treatment- and Pension-Seeking Deployed Canadian Forces Peacekeeping Veterans
Authors: Richardson J Don , Long Mary E , Pedlar David , Elhai Jon D 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: To examine the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in deployed Canadian Forces peacekeeping veterans, addressing associations with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and depression severity. Methods: Participants ( n = 125) were consecutive male veterans who were referred for a psychiatric assessment. Instruments administered included the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale, Short-Form-36 Health Survey, and sociodemographic characteristics. Results: Mental HRQOL was significantly lower for peacekeepers with, than without, PTSD. Using univariate analyses, PTSD and depression severity were each significantly negatively related to mental HRQOL. In sequential regression analyses controlling for age, we found that PTSD and depression severity significantly predicted both mental and physical HRQOL. Conclusions: Veterans with PTSD have significant impairments in mental and physical HRQOL. This information is useful for clinicians and Veterans Affairs administrators working with the newer generation of veterans, as it stresses the importance of including measures of quality of life in the psychiatric evaluation of veterans to better address their rehabilitation needs. Objectifs: Examiner la qualité de vie liée à la santé (QDVLS) chez d'anciens combattants déployés des Forces canadiennes de maintien de la paix, en abordant les associations avec le trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT) et la gravité de la dépression. Méthodes: Les participants ( n = 125) étaient d'anciens combattants masculins consécutifs qui ont été adressés pour une évaluation psychiatrique. Les instruments administrés comprenaient l'échelle du TSPT administrée par un clinicien, l'échelle de dépression de Hamilton, le questionnaire sur la santé SF-36, et les caractéristiques sociodémographiques. Résultats: La qualité de vie liée à la santé mentale était significativement plus faible chez les gardiens de la paix qui souffraient du TSPT que chez ceux qui n'en étaient pas affectés. Les analyses univariées ont révélé que le TSPT et la gravité de la dépression étaient chacun significativement négativement liés à la QDVLS mentale. Dans les analyses de régression séquentielles contrôlant l'âge, nous avons observé que le TSPT et la gravité de la dépression prédisaient significativement la QDVLS tant physique que mentale. Conclusions: Les anciens combattants souffrant de TSPT ont des déficiences significatives de QDVLS. Cette information est utile aux cliniciens et aux administrateurs du ministère des Anciens combattants qui travaillent auprès des anciens combattants de la nouvelle génération, car elle souligne l'importance d'inclure des mesures de la qualité de vie dans l'évaluation psychiatrique des anciens combattants, afin de mieux répondre à leurs besoins en matière de réhabilitation.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis
Authors: Lam Raymond W , Chan Peter , Wilkins-Ho Michael , Yatham Lakshmi N 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Systematic reviews show that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is superior to sham control conditions in patients with major depressive disorder, but the clinical relevance is not clear. None have specifically examined outcomes in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Method: A systematic review was conducted by identifying published randomized controlled trials of active rTMS, compared with a sham control condition in patients with defined TRD (that is, at least one failed trial). The primary outcome was clinical response as determined from global ratings, or 50% or greater improvement on a rating scale. Other outcomes included remission and standardized mean differences in end point scores. Metaanalysis was conducted for absolute risk differences using random effects models. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also conducted to explore heterogeneity and robustness of results. Results: A total of 24 studies ( n = 1092 patients) met criteria for quantitative synthesis. Active rTMS was significantly superior to sham conditions in producing clinical response, with a risk difference of 17% and a number-needed-to-treat of 6. The pooled response and remission rates were 25% and 17%, and 9% and 6% for active rTMS and sham conditions, respectively. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses did not significantly affect these results. Dropouts and withdrawals owing to adverse events were very low. Conclusions: For patients with TRD, rTMS appears to provide significant benefits in short-term treatment studies. However, the relatively low response and remission rates, the short durations of treatment, and the relative lack of systematic follow-up studies suggest that further studies are needed before rTMS can be considered as a first-line monotherapy treatment for TRD.
Comparing Mental Health of Francophone Populations in Canada, France, and Belgium: 12-Month Prevalence Rates of Common Mental Disorders (Part 1)
Authors: Tempier Raymond , Vasiliadis Helen-Maria , Gilbert Fabien , Demyttenaere Koen , Bruffaerts Ronny , Bonnewyn Anke , Lépine Jean-Pierre , Gasquet Isabelle , Mosier Karen , Lesage Alain , Puchala Chassidy , Lepnurm Marje , Kovess-Masféty Viviane 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To compare the 12-month prevalence of common mental disorders among francophones in Canada, France, and Belgium. This is the first article in a 2-part series comparing mental disorders and service use prevalence of French-speaking populations. Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from the Canadian Community Health Survey: Mental Health and Well-Being (CCHS 1.2) in 2002 and the European Study of Epidemiology of Mental Disorders-Mental Health Disability (ESEMeD) from 2001 to 2003, where comparable questionnaires were administered to representative samples of adults in Canada, France, and Belgium. In Canada, francophone respondents living in Quebec ( n = 7571) and outside Quebec ( n = 500) completed the French version of the CCHS 1.2 questionnaire. Francophone respondents in Belgium ( n = 389) and in France ( n = 1436) completed the French version of the ESEMeD population survey questionnaire. Major depressive episodes (MDEs), specific anxiety disorders (ADs), and alcohol abuse and (or) dependence disorders' rates were assessed. Results: The overall prevalence rate for the presence of any MDE, AD, or alcohol abuse and (or) dependence was similar in all francophone populations studied in Canada and Europe and averaged 8.5%. Conclusions: Mental disorders were equally distributed in all francophone populations studied. Cross-national comparisons continue to be instrumental in providing information useful for the creation of appropriate policies and programs for specific subsets of populations.
Mortality Hazard Associated with Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drug Use in the National Population Health Survey
Authors: Belleville Geneviève 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Although widely used in the general population, sleeping pills and minor tranquilizers, also known as antianxiety agents, have been associated with undesirable outcomes. Reports about the association of these drugs with an elevated mortality rate are inconsistent and controversial. This study was designed to assess the mortality hazard associated with anxiolytic and hypnotic drug use in the National Population Health Survey in Canada. It was hypothesized that anxiolytic and hypnotic drug use would be associated with an elevated mortality hazard. Method: A population-based sample of 14 117 people aged 18 to 102 years participated in a longitudinal panel survey, with data collected every second year from 1994 to 2007. The primary outcome measures reported in this study are self-report use of anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs, and death. Results: For respondents who reported anxiolytic or hypnotic drug use in the past month the odds of mortality were 3.22 times more (95% CI 2.70 to 3.84) than for those who did not use anxiolytic or hypnotic drugs in the past month. After controlling for confounding sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health factors (including depression), the odds ratio was reduced to 1.36 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.70) but remained significant. Conclusion: Sedative drug use is associated with a small but significant increase in mortality risk. Further research is required to confirm the mechanisms by which sedative drug use increases mortality risk. Where possible, physicians should systematically consider possibilities for nonpharmacological treatment of sleep disturbances and anxiety.