bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Double transition metal MXenes for enhanced electrochemical applications: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Bibi Faiza , Hanan Abdul , Soomro Irfan Ali , Numan Arshid , Khalid Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDouble transition metal (DTM) MXenes are a recently discovered class of two‐dimensional composite nanomaterials with excellent potential in energy storage applications. Since their emergence in 2015, DTM MXenes have expanded their composition boundary beyond traditional single‐metal carbide and nitride MXenes. DTM MXenes offer tunable structures and properties through variations in the constituent transition metals and positioning within the layered lattice. These MXenes can exist in two primary forms: ordered DTMs and solid solutions. The compositional versatility of DTM MXenes offers opportunities to enhance their performance in electrochemical energy storage applications. However, the quality, stability, and surface chemistry of DTM MXenes are influenced by several factors, including the etching process, etchant type, and synthesis route. Currently, limited literature is available on experimentally synthesized DTM MXenes, with most studies focusing on carbide‐based MXenes. Most of the articles have dedicated their efforts only to generalized synthesis strategies. Although extensive theoretical studies have explored the suitability of etchants, synthesis parameters, and methods for producing high‐quality MXene with selective terminal functional groups, their stability issues have not been thoroughly examined. This review addresses various types of DTM MXenes, their synthesis techniques, and the impact of these methods on their physicochemical properties and electrochemical performance. Additionally, it provides a critical analysis of the causes of instability in MXenes, particularly DTMs, from synthesis to application. The challenges associated with these materials are discussed, along with opportunities and prospects for enhancing synthesis, structural tuning, surface modification, and applications in electrochemical energy storage.image
Development and testing of the capacity of organisations for system practices scale
Authors: Craike Melinda , Bartlett Larissa , Mowle Amy , Riley Therese , Krahe Michelle , Klepac Bojana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSystems change approaches are increasingly adopted in public health to address complex problems. It is important that measures of systems change be developed so that the effects of systems change on health outcomes can be evaluated. Organisational practices are potential levers for systems change. However, robust measures of organisational capacity to engage in these practices are lacking. Informed by the Theory of Systems Change, we developed and tested the Capacity of Organisations for System Practices (COSP) scale. The COSP scale comprises four inter‐related system practices within organisations—adaptation, alignment, collaboration and evidence‐driven action and learning.MethodsWe applied a three‐stage process: (1) Item generation; (2) Scale pre‐testing; and (3) Structural analyses. Item response theory tests and semantic review, together with factor analytic techniques, were applied to refine the item set and determine the scale structure.ResultsAn initial pool of 97 items was generated and pre‐tested with six content experts and four target audience representatives. Modifications resulted in 60 items. In total, 126 participants provided data for the structural analysis. A second‐order hierarchical four‐factor model fit the data better than the more basic correlated factor model (Δχ2 = 1.758, p = .415). The fit indices for the final 31‐item model were acceptable (RMSEA = .084, TLI = .819).ConclusionsThe COSP scale is ready for further testing to ensure construct validity, stability and utility.So What?Once validated, the Capacity of Organisations for System Practices (COSP) scale has the potential to advance the theory and practice of systems change approaches.
Systemic immune inflammation index and all‐cause mortality in chronic kidney disease: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Jia Meng , Yuan Wenli , Chen Yinqing , Wang Yi , Shang Li , Han Shisheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the association between systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) and all‐cause mortality in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Patients and MethodsThis prospective cohort study was carried out among 9303 participants with CKD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles spanning 1999 to 2018. The mortality data were ascertained by linking participant records to the National Death Index up to December 31, 2019. Complex sampling‐weighted multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were employed to estimate the association between SII level and all‐cause mortality, providing hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). A restricted cubic spline analysis was conducted to explore potential nonlinear correlation. Subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were also conducted.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up period of 86 months, 3400 (36.54%) all‐cause deaths were documented. A distinctive “J”‐shaped relationship between SII level and all‐cause mortality was discerned among individuals with CKD, with the nadir observed at an SII level of 478.93 within the second quartile. After adjusting for potential covariates, the risk of all‐cause mortality escalated by 13% per increment of one standard deviation of SII, once SII exceeded 478.93 (HR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.08–1.18). An elevated SII was associated with an increased risk of all‐cause mortality among patients with CKD (Q4 vs. Q2: HR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.01–1.48). Subgroup analyses indicated that the correlation between SII and CKD mortality was particularly pronounced among participants over 60 years old and individuals with diabetes. Sensitivity analyses revealed a linear positive association between SII and all‐cause mortality after removing the extreme 5% outliers of SII.ConclusionsA distinctive “J”‐shaped relationship between SII level and all‐cause mortality was identified among individuals with CKD. Further research is warranted to validate and expand upon these findings.
Oxaliplatin activates P53/miR‐34a/survivin axis in inhibiting the progression of gastric cancer cells
Authors: Guo Qiang , Wang Xin‐Yuan , Zhai Yan‐Chang , Dong Yong‐Wei , He Qing‐Si 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this research was to determine how the P53/microRNA‐34a (miR‐34a)/survivin pathway contributes to oxaliplatin‐induced (L‐OHP) cell inhibition in gastric cancer.MethodsThe BGC‐823 gastric cancer cells were selected, and we examined their viability following treatment with L‐OHP at different concentrations and time periods. The expression levels of miR‐34a, P53, and survivin in the cells were determined.ResultsIn the 12‐ and 24‐h groups, drug concentration of 15 μg/cm² (p < .005 in both) significantly lowered cell viability. In comparison to the control group, miR‐34a mRNA expression, P53 mRNA expression, and protein expression were all significantly greater in the 24‐h group (p = .0324, p = .0069, p = .0260, respectively), but survivin mRNA and protein expressions were significantly lower than those in the control group (p = .0338, p = .0032, respectively). There was a significant decrease in gastric cancer cells in the miR‐34a overexpression group (p = .0020), a significant increase in P53 mRNA and protein expression compared to the control group (p = .0080, p = .0121, respectively), and a significant decrease in survivin mRNA and protein expression compared to the control group. (p = .0213, p = .0069, respectively).ConclusionOxaliplatin inhibits tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis by upregulating miR‐34a, activating the expression of the upstream P53 gene, and driving the downregulation of survivin (P53/miR‐34a/survivin axis) in BGC‐823 gastric cancer cells.
Continuous synthesis of metal oxide‐supported high‐entropy alloy nanoparticles with remarkable durability and catalytic activity in the hydrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Al Zoubi Wail , Leoni Stefano , Assfour Bassem , Allaf Abdul Wahab , Kang Jee‐Hyun , Ko Young Gun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetal oxide‐supported multielement alloy nanoparticles are very promising as highly efficient and cost‐effective catalysts with a virtually unlimited compositional space. However, controllable synthesis of ultrasmall multielement alloy nanoparticles (us‐MEA‐NPs) supported on porous metal oxides with a homogeneous elemental distribution and good catalytic stability during long‐term operation is extremely challenging due to their oxidation and strong immiscibility. As a proof of concept that such synthesis can be realized, this work presents a general “bottom‐up” l ultrasonic‐assisted, simultaneous electro‐oxidation–reduction‐precipitation strategy for alloying dissimilar elements into single NPs on a porous support. One characteristic of this technique is uniform mixing, which results from simultaneous rapid thermal decomposition and reduction and leads to multielement liquid droplet solidification without aggregation. This process was achieved through a synergistic combination of enhanced electrochemical and plasma‐chemical phenomena at the metal–electrolyte interface (electron energy of 0.3–1.38 eV at a peak temperature of 3000 K reached within seconds at a rate of ~105 K per second) in an aqueous solution under an ultrasonic field (40 kHz). Illustrating the effectiveness of this approach, the CuAgNiFeCoRuMn@MgO‐P3000 catalyst exhibited exceptional catalytic efficiency in selective hydrogenation of nitro compounds, with over 99% chemoselectivity and nearly 100% conversion within 60 s and no decrease in catalytic activity even after 40 cycles (>98% conversion in 120 s). Our results provide an effective, transferable method for rationally designing supported MEA‐NP catalysts at the atomic level and pave the way for a wide variety of catalytic reactions.image
Navigating the disclosure landscape: Parents' perspectives on healthcare professionals' role in supporting intersex children and families
Authors: Horowitz Kayla , Zayhowski Kimberly , Palmour Nicole , Haghighat Darius , Joly Yann 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntersex, an umbrella term, describes individuals with sex characteristics that cannot be exclusively categorized into binary definitions of male or female. The intersex community faces a lack of social visibility perpetuated by a history of medical discrimination and pathologization shaped by “normalizing” genital surgeries without the child's consent. Despite efforts to reform clinical practice, there remains a paucity of research centering the needs of the intersex community and their families. This study explored parents' perspectives on how healthcare professionals (HCPs), such as genetics professionals, can provide patient‐centered education and support when parents first learn of their child's intersex variation, with the aim of offering recommendations to HCPs to promote parental adjustment and protect intersex children's right to autonomy. Thirteen qualitative semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 14 parents of intersex children. Through reflexive thematic analysis, under the framework of an agency‐based approach to intersex health, thematic categories were inductively conceptualized, including barriers and facilitators to HCPs' sensitivity and to parental adjustment in the early disclosure environment. Barriers to HCPs' sensitivity were imposed by educational, religious, or medical institutions, along with sociocultural prejudices and pathologizing language. Barriers to parental adaptation included uncertainty regarding their child's future, sociocultural gender norms, and unsuitable information provision. Incorporating parental needs in the disclosure environment can facilitate familial acceptance, including normalization of variations of sex characteristics (VSCs), enhanced medical education, facilitation of patients' navigation, and prioritization of parents' social support needs.
Social network‐based approaches to HIV testing: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Choong Annabelle , Lyu Yi Ming , Johnson Cheryl C. , Baggaley Rachel , Barr‐DiChiara Magdalena , Jamil Muhammad S. , Siegfried Nandi L. , Fairley Christopher K. , Chow Eric P. F. , Macdonald Virginia , Ong Jason J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionSocial network‐based testing approaches (SNAs) encourage individuals (“test promoters”) to motivate sexual partners and/or those in their social networks to test for HIV. We conducted a systematic review to examine the effectiveness, acceptability and cost‐effectiveness of SNA.MethodsWe searched five databases from January 2010 to May 2023, and included studies that compared SNA with non‐SNA. We used random‐effects meta‐analysis to combine effect estimates. Certainty was assessed using the GRADE approach.ResultsWe identified 47 studies. SNA may increase uptake of HIV testing compared to non‐SNA (RR 2.04, 95% CI: 1.06–3.95, Low certainty). The proportion of first‐time testers was probably higher among partners or social contacts of test promoters using SNA compared to non‐SNA (RR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.22–1.81, Moderate certainty). The proportion of people who tested positive for HIV may be higher among partners or social contacts of test promoters using SNA compared to non‐SNA (RR 1.84, 95% CI: 1.01–3.35, Low certainty). There were no reports of any adverse events or harms associated with SNA. Based on six cost‐effectiveness studies, SNA was generally cheaper per person tested and per person diagnosed compared to non‐SNA. Based on 23 qualitative studies, SNA is likely to be acceptable to a variety of populations.DiscussionOur review collated evidence for SNA to HIV testing covering the key populations and the general population who may benefit from HIV testing. We summarized evidence for the effectiveness, acceptability and cost‐effectiveness of different models of SNA. While we did not identify an ideal model of SNA that could be immediately scaled up, for each setting and population targeted, we recommend various implementation considerations as our meta‐analysis showed the effectiveness might differ due to factors which include the testing modality (i.e. use of HIV self‐testing), type of test promoters, long or short duration of recruitment and use of financial incentives.ConclusionsSocial network‐based approaches may enhance HIV testing uptake, increase the proportion of first‐time testers and those testing positive for HIV. Heterogeneity among studies highlights the need for context‐specific adaptations, but the overall positive impact of SNA on HIV testing outcomes could support its integration into existing HIV testing services.
Radular Tooth Coating in Members of Dendronotidae and Flabellinidae (Nudibranchia, Gastropoda, Mollusca)
Authors: Krings Wencke , Gorb Stanislav N. , Neumann Charlotte , Wägele Heike 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNudibranchs, with their mesmerizing diversity and ecological significance, play crucial roles in marine ecosystems. Central to their feeding prowess is the radula, a chitinous structure with diverse morphologies adapted to prey preferences and feeding strategies. This study focuses on elucidating wear coping mechanisms in radular teeth of carnivorous molluscs, employing Dendronotus lacteus (Dendronotidae) and Flabellina affinis (Flabellinidae) as model species. Both species forage on hydrozoans. Through scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, nanoindentation, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, the biomechanical and compositional properties of their teeth were analyzed. Notably, tooth coatings, composed of calcium (Ca) or silicon (Si) and high hardness and stiffness compared to the internal tooth structure, with varying mineral contents across tooth regions and ontogenetic zones, were found. The presence of the hard and stiff tooth coatings highlight their role in enhancing wear resistance. The heterogeneities in the autofluorescence patterns related to the distribution of Ca and Si of the coatings. Overall, this study provides into the biomechanical adaptations of nudibranch radular teeth, shedding light on the intricate interplay between tooth structure, elemental composition, and ecological function in marine molluscs.
The Endocannabinoid System in Alzheimer's Disease: A Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Liu Yu , Xing Hang , Zhang Yan , Song Yi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe findings concerning the association between endocannabinoid system (ECS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibited inconsistencies when examining the expression levels of endocannabinoids. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive summary of the studies regarding alterations of the ECS in AD. Six databases were thoroughly searched for literature to select relevant studies investigating the ECS in AD, including changes in cannabinoid receptors (CB1R and CB2R), endocannabinoids (2‐AG and AEA), and their associated enzymes (FAAH and MAGL). Traditional meta‐analysis evaluated the expression levels of the ECS in AD, and the results showed no significant differences in ECS components between healthy controls and AD patients. However, subgroup analysis revealed significantly lower expression levels of CB1R in AD than in controls, particularly in studies using western blot (SMD = −0.88, p < 0.01) and in studies testing CB1R of frontal cortex (SMD = −1.09, p < 0.01). For studies using HPLC, the subgroup analysis indicated significantly higher 2‐AG levels in AD than in controls (SMD = 0.46, p = 0.02). Network meta‐analysis examined the rank of ECS alterations in AD compared to controls, and the findings revealed that 2‐AG and MAGL exhibited the largest increase and CB1R showed the largest decrease relative to the control group. Based on the findings of traditional meta‐analysis and network meta‐analysis, we proposed that AD patients may present decreased expression levels of CB1R and increased expression levels of 2‐AG and its degrading enzyme MAGL. Our results may contribute to the growing body of research supporting the therapeutic potential of ECS modulation in the management of AD.
Characteristics and outcomes of home parenteral nutrition among children with severe neurological impairment
Authors: D'Arienzo David , Sanvido Liam , Avitzur Yaron , Hulst Jessie , Belza Christina , Diskin Catherine , Cohen Eyal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo describe the characteristics, secular trends, and outcomes of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) use among children with severe neurological impairment (SNI) and non‐primary digestive disorders from 2010 to 2023 and compare outcomes to children with primary digestive disorders on HPN.MethodsA retrospective review of all children with SNI and non‐primary digestive disorders, where HPN was initiated between January 2010 and September 2023 at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. The Mann–Kendall trend test was used to assess trends in HPN initiation. We compared acute care service utilization in the year prior and following HPN initiation. Mortality and ability to achieve enteral autonomy outcomes were compared to those of children with HPN and primary digestive disorders.ResultsOf the 205 included children with HPN, 18 children had SNI and non‐primary digestive disorders, 187 children had primary digestive disorders. There was an increase in HPN initiation among children with SNI and non‐primary digestive disorders (p = 0.002) between 2010 and 2020. Among children with SNI and non‐primary digestive disorders, HPN‐related complications (line‐associated infection/thrombus, nephrolithiasis, cholelithiasis) occurred in 72%. There was no change in acute care utilization in the year prior versus year following HPN initiation. Compared with the primary digestive disorders group, children with SNI and non‐primary digestive disorders were less likely to achieve enteral autonomy (p < 0.0001); however, no significant differences in mortality were observed (22% vs. 8%, p = 0.09).ConclusionsHPN is increasingly being used among SNI children with non‐primary digestive disorders. Compared to children with primary digestive disorders on HPN, those with SNI are less likely to achieve enteral autonomy.
Systemic lupus erythematosus: An imitator for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Reznikov Elizabeth A. , Person Hannibal , Davis Emily , Zhao Yongdong , Otjen Jeffrey , Ambartsumyan Lusine , Len Mary , Scarlett Jarrad M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic autoimmune disease that may involve any organ in the body. Inflammation of the bowel wall as a presenting symptom of SLE is uncommon and can lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment. Here, we discuss the case of an adolescent male who presented with weight loss, intermittent fevers, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. Initially, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was suspected, but endoscopic evaluation did not support this diagnosis. A computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed signs of serositis, concerning for an inflammatory process and the patient was referred to Rheumatology for further evaluation. Autoimmune serologies were obtained and combined with clinical findings confirmed a diagnosis of SLE. This case advances our understanding of SLE as a multisystemic disease and highlights an unusual presentation involving the gastrointestinal tract, which can mimic IBD and potentially delay the diagnosis and treatment process.
Low swelling and high mechanical strength organosilane hybrid polydivinylbenzene microspheres for hydrophilic interaction chromatography applications
Authors: Yang Yang , Li Yuexin , Zhao Yang , Cai Changyu , Liang Xinmiao , Ke Yanxiong 
Published: September 2024

In this work, monodisperse organosilane hybrid polymer microspheres with a particle size of about 5 µm were synthesized using seed swelling polymerization. The organosilicon reagent methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane was introduced into the polymer framework as a copolymerization monomer, and the crosslinking degree of the microspheres was improved by the hydrolysis‐condensation reaction of siloxanes. The synthesized hybrid microspheres have good mechanical strength as well as low swelling, with swelling propensity values of 0.167 and 0.348 in methanol and acetonitrile, respectively. Hybrid microspheres modified with cysteine have a hydrophilic interaction chromatography/reversed‐phase liquid chromatography mixed‐mode retention mechanism. Compared to the commercial cysteine‐modified silica column, the synthesized stationary phase has higher separation selectivity for partially acidic or basic samples and better basic resistance for use under high pH mobile phase conditions (at least 10).
How Tourism Cultural Events Influence Multicultural Competence, Tourism Destination Image, and Visit Intentions: Evidence From the Pharaohs' Golden Parade
Authors: Salem Islam Elbayoumi , El‐Said Osman Ahmed , El Gamil Rehab , Afifi Mohamed Fawzi , Attallah Nashwa Fouad 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores the impact of tourism cultural events on fostering multicultural competence and their effects on tourism destinations. Data were collected from viewers of the Pharaohs' Golden Parade broadcast on the Egyptian Tourism Promotion Authority's “Experience Egypt” YouTube channel. The data were analyzed using an inductive research approach, uncovering four distinctive themes: multicultural competence precursors, cultural tourism events' unique cultural and social elements, multicultural competence, and destination outcomes. Based on the study findings, a framework was proposed to depict the envisaged relationships between the four main themes. Practically, the study provides insights for destination marketing organizations on how viewers' impressions of cultural events on social media and official homepages could shape a destination's image and influence travel and word‐of‐mouth intentions.