bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le nationalisme arabe, rétrospective et prospective : un essai
Authors: Abou-Hsab Georges , Saul Samir 
Published: June 2016

Courant dominant il y a à peine une génération, le nationalisme arabe cède la place à l’islamisme. L’idée nationale, voire l’État-nation semblent avoir fait leur temps. Pourtant l’exercice du pouvoir en Tunisie et en Égypte de 2011 à 2013 s’avère funeste à l’islamisme ; l’échec et le rejet sont d’une rapidité remarquable. Restent entiers les problèmes et défis auxquels il était confronté: lutte pour l’indépendance, l’unité, la modernisation et le développement. Dans la mesure où ils demeurent d’actualité, l’expérience historique du nationalisme arabe ne perd pas sa pertinence. D’où l’intérêt de revisiter cette tentative de réaliser des avancées sur les quatre plans fondamentaux. Le nationalisme arabe a été le vecteur d’une quête de progrès, de modernité et d’émancipation. Il est possible qu’il appartienne définitivement au passé, mais la non-réalisation des aspirations qu’il a incarnées rend toujours concevable sa réactivation.
Les métropoles :
Authors: Le Merrer Pascal 
Published: June 2016

Les territoires se livrent une concurrence intense pour attirer les activités sophistiquées. L’heure est à la polarisation, aux effets d’agglomération. Faut-il en déduire que la croissance économique repose exclusivement sur le développement de métropoles de taille internationale ? Est-on condamné à voir se creuser un écart croissant entre une France dynamique autour de quelques métropoles et une périphérie vouée au déclin ? Quelles sont les réponses que peuvent apporter les politiques publiques face à cette tension entre les territoires ?
Corps, identité et déviance
Authors: Vallet Guillaume 
Published: June 2016

La partie sociologique du programme de première ES est l’occasion d’aborder avec les élèves des exemples empiriques, qui les amènent à réfléchir sur des faits ou comportements sociaux en apparence « anodins », en réalité fondamentalement heuristiques. Le point de programme 3.2 illustre bien cette possibilité, puisqu’il concerne les formes variées de déviance produites dans le cadre des interactions. Cet article cherche à montrer en quoi l’analyse de la pratique du bodybuilding s’insère dans cette problématique et questionne la frontière entre normalité et déviance du corps, santé et maladie, rationnel et irrationnel. Cet exemple permet ainsi de renforcer les acquis des élèves sur le contrôle social (partie 3.1 du programme) et sur la socialisation de genre (partie 1.1 du programme).
Familles « nocives », adolescences complexes. La place des soins pour grandir
Authors: Cosseron Florent 
Published: June 2016

Résumé Le placement d’un enfant rendu nécessaire par l’existence de familles dites « nocives », voire « pathogènes » entraîne souvent une attitude de méfiance vis-à-vis de ces familles de la part des travailleurs sociaux en charge de l’enfant. Or, la loyauté de celui-ci à l’égard de ses parents biologiques et, même inconsciencement, la répétition de certaines formes d’actes du parent par l’enfant obligent à réfléchir sur la nécessité d’éviter la désaffiliation. Quatre vignettes cliniques illustrent les possibilités de faire avancer l’enfant dans une meilleure compréhension de sa famille dont il s’origine.
« Moi, Alexandre, 17 ans, j’ai mal à en mourir... »
Authors: Douillard Jean-Luc 
Published: June 2016

Résumé Certains adolescents grandissent avec l’idée de mourir. Si chaque histoire est différente, si chaque adolescent est unique, il y a cependant des processus identiques face auxquels les souffrances restent inégales. Le processus suicidaire est pour certains adolescents un compagnon de route. Certaines blessures réelles ou symboliques ont besoin de temps pour se ressentir, se comprendre et se transformer. La douleur s’atténue, s’intériorise. Les rencontres avec des adultes fiables qui n’ont pas d’idées reçues sont essentielles tout au long du chemin adolescent, elles réaniment des coeurs brisés par des événements de vie terriblement dramatiques, elles proposent des clefs et des alternatives à des souffrances ressenties au plus profond de son corps pour réduire le risque d’un passage à l’acte vers une mort annoncée. On peut parler de la mort omniprésente dans les pensées et questions adolescentes, ça ne s’attrape pas, bien au contraire, ça soulage d’en parler. Grandir, c’est « bricoler » en permanence avec l’idée de mourir, encore plus quand on rencontre la mort en direct par le suicide d’un ami par exemple, ou la perte accidentelle d’un frère ou d’une soeur, de son meilleur ami. Ces petits arrangements intérieurs souvent créatifs chez les adolescents, soutenus par des adultes « réanimateurs », sont des compromis qui aident à investir des identités multiples.
Défis et enjeux des prises en charge d’adolescents radicalisés
Authors: Guénoun Tamara 
Published: June 2016

Résumé Cet article mène une réflexion sur les défis et enjeux des prises en charge de la « déradicalisation » des adolescents et jeunes adultes. Pour ce faire, il prend appui sur la recherche existante en psychanalyse et dans le champ des sciences sociales. Il apparaît essentiel de mener d’abord une réflexion sur le fonctionnement psychique des individus engagés dans le djihadisme violent. En appui sur cette analyse de la radicalisation comme pansement pour la psyché des adolescents, l’auteur propose des pistes pour rencontrer ces jeunes et faire face au processus destructeur dans lequel ils sont engagés. Les prises en charge à partir d’un médium présentent un intérêt, face à la complexité des problématiques qui émergent chez ces adolescents.
Trine et Une : variations sur le féminin dans les contes de Machado de Assis
Authors: Cardoso-Gil Maria Roneide 
Published: June 2016

Résumé L’auteur présente un grand nom de la littérature brésilienne de la fin du xix e siècle, Machado de Assis, qui aurait su en tant qu’artiste et non-scientifique aborder la vie psychique inconsciente des femmes de cette époque, peu avant les publications de Freud sur ce point. Il aurait utilisé pour cela l’image en négatif de la femme et le spéculaire comme outil de cette image en négatif. Trois contes permettent de voir trois configurations féminines autour du désir. Dans le premier, comment une femme peut rester une vie entière dans une atonie du désir, dans le deuxième conte, c’est l’histoire d’une femme « désirée de tous » mais qui n’arrive pas à choisir un amant ou un mari, sauf à la fin ultime de sa vie, et la troisième femme, mariée, est aux prises avec son désir sexuel personnel qu’elle a du mal à cerner à travers un conflit conjugal pour un chapeau.
Patient Portals
Authors: Skinner Asheley , Thornhill Jonathan , Weinberger Morris , Griffin Ashley 
Published: June 2016

SummaryPatient portals have demonstrated numerous benefits including improved patientprovider communication, patient satisfaction with care, and patient engagement. Recent literature has begun to illustrate how patients use selected portal features and an association between portal usage and improved clinical outcomes.This study sought to: (1) identify patient characteristics associated with the use of a patient portal; (2) determine the frequency with which common patient portal features are used; and (3) examine whether the level of patient portal use (non-users, light users, active users) is associated with 30-day hospital readmission.My UNC Chart is the patient portal for the UNC Health Care System. We identified adults discharged from three UNC Health Care hospitals with acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, or pneumonia and classified them as active, light, or non-users of My UNC Chart.Multivariable analyses were conducted to compare across user groups; logistic regression was used to predict whether patient portal use was associated with 30-day readmission.Of 2,975 eligible patients, 83.4% were non-users; 8.6% were light users; and 8.0% were active users of My UNC Chart. The messaging feature was used most often. For patients who were active users, the odds of being readmitted within 30 days was 66% greater than patients who were non-users (p<0.05). There was no difference in 30-day readmission between non-users and light users.The vast majority of patients who were given an access code for My UNC Chart did not use it within 30 days of discharge. Of those who used the portal, active users had a higher odds of being readmitted within 30 days. Health care systems should consider strategies to: (1) increase overall use of patient portals and (2) target patients with the highest comorbidity scores to reduce hospital readmissions.
Influence of soil properties on plant density and species richness of saline desert
Authors: Pilania Pradeep Kumar , Panchal Nilesh Sundarjibhai 
Published: June 2016

El ambiente edáfico tiene una significativa influencia en la productividad. La salinidad es uno de los principales factores que afectan negativamente a la vegetación. Se estudió un ecosistema desértico de la India (Pequeño Rann de Kutch; 7020 ha) para medir la influencia de las propiedades del suelo en la vegetación. Tanto la riqueza de especies (SR) como la densidad de hierbas y arbustos/árboles (17.018 plantas m-2 y 8.617 plantas 10 m-2) fueron mayores en el punto 4, con valores altos de OC, OM, N, P, Ca y Fe (0.684, 1.179, 0.059 %, 42.338 kg ha-1, 170.732, 32.016 mg kg-1) y bajos niveles de arcilla, EC y Na (33.654%, 9.441dSm-1 y 68.699 mg kg-1). Valores altos de arcilla, Na y EC con bajo Ca y Fe resultaron en bajas densidades de SR (lugares 2 y 5). Las bajas SR y densidad se deben a bajas concentraciones de OC, OM, N, P, Fe, Ca y alta concentración de arcilla, Na y EC.Soil environment have significant influence on the productivity of land. Salinity is one of the major factors which negatively affect the vegetation. To measure the influence of soil properties on vegetation, desert ecosystem in India (Little Rann of Kutch of 7020 ha) was studied. Species richness (SR) as well as density for herbs and shrubs/tree (17.018 plants m-2 and 8.617 plants 10m-2) was highest in the site 4, with high OC, OM, N, P, Ca and Fe (0.684, 1.179, 0.059 %, 42.338 kg ha-1, 170.732 and 32.016 mg kg-1) and low clay, EC and Na (33.654%, 9.441dSm-1 and 68.699 mg kg-1). High amount of clay, Na and EC with low Ca and Fe results into low density with low SR (site 2 and 5). Low SR and density are due to low concentration of OC, OM, N, P, Fe, Ca and high concentration of clay, Na and EC.
Optical properties of nanoporous silica frustules of a diatom determined using a 10 µm microfiber probe
Authors: Yoneda Satoshi , Ito Fuyu , Yamanaka Shigeru , Usami Hisanao 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A microfiber spectroscopic method was developed to reveal the photonic crystalline characteristics of a cylindrical frustule of the diatom Melosira variance. The spectroscopy apparatus used was composed of two quartz fibers with fine ends, approximately 10 µm in diameter, set on micromanipulators to control the position of the fine ends of each fiber, which were focused at the edge of a frustule. The method had fine space resolution and sensitivity toward the propagation direction of incident light, which is suitable for analyzing photonic crystallinity. A typical absorption was observed at wavelengths of 400–500 nm, which corresponded to a quasi-stop band calculated by a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for a three-dimensional (3D) slab model constructed based on an SEM image of the frustule. These results suggest that the photonic crystalline characteristics of the frustule can assist the absorption of incident light near 420 nm, which is crucial for the efficient photosynthesis of the diatom.
Variability of tornado occurrence over the continental United States since 1950
Authors: Guo Li , Wang Kaicun , Bluestein Howard B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe United States experiences the most tornadoes of any country in the world. Given the catastrophic impact of tornadoes, concern has arisen regarding the variation in climatology of U.S. tornadoes under the changing climate. A recent study claimed that the temporal variability of tornado occurrence over the continental U.S. has increased since the 1970s. However, that study ignored the highly regionalized climatology of U.S. tornadoes. To address this issue, we examined the long‐term trend of tornado temporal variability in each continental U.S. state. Based on the 64 year tornado records (1950–2013), we found that the trends in tornado temporal variability varied across the U.S., with only one third of the continental area or three out of 10 contiguous states (mostly from the Great Plains and Southeast, but where the frequency of occurrence of tornadoes is greater) displaying a significantly increasing trend. The other two‐thirds area, where 60% of the U.S. tornadoes were reported (but the frequency of occurrence of tornadoes is less), however, showed a decreasing or a near‐zero trend in tornado temporal variability. Furthermore, unlike the temporal variability alone, the combined spatial‐temporal variability of U.S. tornado occurrence has remained nearly constant since 1950. Such detailed information on the climatological variability of U.S. tornadoes refines the claim of previous study and can be helpful for local mitigation efforts toward future tornado risks.
Improving the method of low‐temperature anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (LT‐AMS) measurements in air
Authors: Issachar R. , Levi T. , Lyakhovsky V. , Marco S. , Weinberger R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study examines the limitations of the method of low‐temperature anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (LT‐AMS) measurements in air and presents technical improvements that significantly reduce the instrumental drift and measurement errors. We analyzed the temperature profile of porous chalk core after cooling in liquid nitrogen and found that the average temperature of the sample during the LT‐AMS measurement in air is higher than 77K and close to 92K. This analysis indicates that the susceptibility of the paramagnetic minerals are amplified by a factor ∼3.2 relative to that of room temperature AMS (RT‐AMS). In addition, it was found that liquid nitrogen was absorbed in the samples during immersing and contributed diamagnetic component of ∼−9 × 10−6 SI to the total mean susceptibility. We showed that silicone sheet placed around and at the bottom of the measuring coil is an effective thermal protection, preventing instrument drift by the cold sample. In this way, the measuring errors of LT‐AMS reduced to the level of RT‐AMS, allowing accurate comparison with standard AMS measurements. We examined the applicability of the LT‐AMS measurements on chalk samples that consist <5% (weight) of paramagnetic minerals and showed that it helps to efficiently enhance the paramagnetic fabric. The present study offers a practical approach, which can be applied to various types of rocks to better delineate the paramagnetic phase using conventional equipment.
Comparison of Magnetospheric Multiscale ion jet signatures with predicted reconnection site locations at the magnetopause
Authors: Petrinec S. M. , Burch J. L. , Fuselier S. A. , Gomez R. G. , Lewis W. , Trattner K. J. , Ergun R. , Mauk B. , Pollock C. J. , Schiff C. , Strangeway R. J. , Russell C. T. , Phan T.‐D. , Young D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMagnetic reconnection at the Earth's magnetopause is the primary process by which solar wind plasma and energy gains access to the magnetosphere. One indication that magnetic reconnection is occurring is the observation of accelerated plasma as a jet tangential to the magnetopause. The direction of ion jets along the magnetopause surface as observed by the Fast Plasma Instrument (FPI) and the Hot Plasma Composition Analyzer (HPCA) instrument on board the recently launched Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) set of spacecraft is examined. For those cases where ion jets are clearly discerned, the direction of origin compares well statistically with the predicted location of magnetic reconnection using convected solar wind observations in conjunction with the Maximum Magnetic Shear model.
Magnetism of Al‐substituted magnetite reduced from Al‐hematite
Authors: Jiang Zhaoxia , Liu Qingsong , Zhao Xiang , Roberts Andrew P. , Heslop David , Barrón Vidal , Torrent José 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAluminum‐substituted magnetite (Al‐magnetite) reduced from Al‐substituted hematite or goethite (Al‐hematite or Al‐goethite) is an environmentally important constituent of magnetically enhanced soils. In order to characterize the magnetic properties of Al‐magnetite, two series of Al‐magnetite samples were synthesized through reduction of Al‐hematite by a mixed gas (80% CO2 and 20% CO) at 395°C for 72 h in a quartz tube furnace. Al‐magnetite samples inherited the morphology of their parent Al‐hematite samples, but only those transformed from Al‐hematite synthesized at low temperature possessed surficial micropores, which originated from the release of structural water during heating. Surface micropores could thus serve as a practical fingerprint of fire or other high‐temperature mineralogical alteration processes in natural environments, e.g., shear friction in seismic zones. In addition, Al substitution greatly affects the magnetic properties of Al‐magnetite. For example, coercivity (Bc) increases with increasing Al content and then decreases slightly, while the saturation magnetization (Ms), Curie temperature (Tc), and Verwey transition temperature (Tv) all decrease with increasing Al content due to crystal defect formation and dilution of magnetic ions caused by Al incorporation. Moreover, different trends in the correlation between Tc and Bc can be used to discriminate titanomagnetite from Al‐magnetite, which is likely to be important in environmental and paleomagnetic studies, particularly in soil.
Effects of anthropogenic water regulation and groundwater lateral flow on land processes
Authors: Zeng Yujin , Xie Zhenghui , Yu Yan , Liu Shuang , Wang Linying , Zou Jing , Qin Peihua , Jia Binghao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBoth anthropogenic water regulation and groundwater lateral flow essentially affect groundwater table patterns. Their relationship is close because lateral flow recharges the groundwater depletion cone, which is induced by over‐exploitation. In this study, schemes describing groundwater lateral flow and human water regulation were developed and incorporated into the Community Land Model 4.5. To investigate the effects of human water regulation and groundwater lateral flow on land processes as well as the relationship between the two processes, three simulations using the model were conducted for the years 2003–2013 over the Heihe River Basin in northwestern China. Simulations showed that groundwater lateral flow driven by changes in water heads can essentially change the groundwater table pattern with the deeper water table appearing in the hillslope regions and shallower water table appearing in valley bottom regions and plains. Over the last decade, anthropogenic groundwater exploitation deepened the water table by approximately 2 m in the middle reaches of the Heihe River Basin and rapidly reduced the terrestrial water storage, while irrigation increased soil moisture by approximately 0.1 m3 m−3. The water stored in the mainstream of the Heihe River was also reduced by human surface water withdrawal. The latent heat flux was increased by 30 W m−2 over the irrigated region, with an identical decrease in sensible heat flux. The simulated groundwater lateral flow was shown to effectively recharge the groundwater depletion cone caused by over‐exploitation. The offset rate is higher in plains than mountainous regions.
Aliphatic Diamide as Novel Asphalt‐Modified Epoxy Curing Agent for Enhanced Performance
Authors: Jiang Liang , Hu Kai , Liu Zhimeng , Yuan Ye , Zhou Changlin , Lei Jingxin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAdipamide used as the curing agent of asphalt‐modified epoxy resin was synthesized by esterification and ammonolysis, and its chemical structure was confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR and 13C NMR) analysis. The thermal stability, Vicat softening temperature, tensile strength, and Shore D hardness of the cured asphalt‐modified epoxy resin were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), Vicat softening tester, tensile tests, and Shore D plastic hardness tester, respectively. The surface morphology of epoxy resin tensile fracture was also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Vicat softening temperature of cured epoxy resin decreased from 95 to 64°C with increasing modified asphalt (MA) contents from 0 wt.% to 25 wt.%. The maximum tensile strength of cured epoxy resin reached 45.4 MPa when MA content was 5 wt.% of the whole resin. The Shore D hardness slightly decreased from 86 D to 79 D as the MA was enhanced from 0 wt.% to 25 wt.%. TG results displayed that the thermostable temperature of cured epoxy resin was higher than 280°C.
One‐Pot C−H Functionalization of Arenes by Diaryliodonium Salts
Authors: Reitti Marcus , Villo Piret , Olofsson Berit 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free, mild, and highly regioselective synthesis of nitroarenes from arenes has been developed. The products are obtained in a sequential one‐pot reaction by nitration of iodine(III) reagents with two carbon ligands, which are formed in situ from iodine(I). This novel concept has been extended to formation of aryl azides, and constitutes an important step towards catalytic reactions with these hypervalent iodine reagents. An efficient nitration of isolated diaryliodonium salts has also been developed, and the mechanism is proposed to proceed by a [2,2] ligand coupling pathway.
Catalytic C(sp3)−H Arylation of Free Primary Amines with an exo Directing Group Generated In Situ
Authors: Xu Yan , Young Michael C. , Wang Chengpeng , Magness David M. , Dong Guangbin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHerein, we report the palladium‐catalyzed direct arylation of unactivated aliphatic C−H bonds in free primary amines. This method takes advantage of an exo‐imine‐type directing group (DG) that can be generated and removed in situ. A range of unprotected aliphatic amines are suitable substrates, undergoing site‐selective arylation at the γ‐position. Methyl as well as cyclic and acyclic methylene groups can be activated. Furthermore, when aniline‐derived substrates were used, preliminary success with δ‐C−H arylation was achieved. The feasibility of using the DG component in a catalytic fashion was also demonstrated.
Self‐Assembly of Complex DNA Tessellations by Using Low‐Symmetry Multi‐arm DNA Tiles
Authors: Zhang Fei , Jiang Shuoxing , Li Wei , Hunt Ashley , Liu Yan , Yan Hao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractModular DNA tile‐based self‐assembly is a versatile way to engineer basic tessellation patterns on the nanometer scale, but it remains challenging to achieve high levels of structural complexity. We introduce a set of general design principles to create intricate DNA tessellations by employing multi‐arm DNA motifs with low symmetry. We achieved two novel Archimedean tiling patterns, (4.8.8) and (3.6.3.6), and one pattern with higher‐order structures beyond the complexity observed in Archimedean tiling. Our success in assembling complicated DNA tessellations demonstrates the broad design space of DNA structural motifs, enriching the toolbox of DNA tile‐based self‐assembly and expanding the complexity boundaries of DNA tile‐based tessellation.