bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Unprotected β‐Enamine Phosphonates.
Authors: Zhou Ming , Xue Zejian , Cao Min , Dong Xiu‐Qin , Zhang Xumu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFor the first time, a strategy for the enantioselective Rh‐TaniaPhos catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of unprotected β‐enamine phosphonates directly to free β‐amino phosphonates is reported which occurs with high yields and good enantioselectivities (up to 86% ee).
ChemInform Abstract: Applanatumols A and B, Meroterpenoids with Unprecedented Skeletons from Ganoderma applanatum.
Authors: Luo Qi , Di Lei , Yang Xiao‐Hua , Cheng Yong‐Xian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractApplanatumols A (I) and racemic applanatumol B are isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: Serralongamines B—D, Three New Lycopodium Alkaloids from Lycopodium serratum var. longipetiolatum, and Their Inhibitory Effects on Foam Cell Formation in Macrophages.
Authors: Ishiuchi Kan'ichiro , Jiang Wen‐Ping , Fujiwara Yukio , Wu Jin‐Bin , Kitanaka Susumu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSerralongamines B (I) and D (IIb) exhibit significant inhibitory activity against foam cell formation in human macrophages.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Daphenylline.
Authors: Yamada Ryosuke , Adachi Yohei , Yokoshima Satoshi , Fukuyama Tohru 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA novel total synthesis of (‐)‐daphenylline, a hexacyclic Daphniphyllum alkaloid, is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Ansalactams B—D Illustrate Further Biosynthetic Plasticity within the Ansamycin Pathway.
Authors: Le Tu Cam , Yang Inho , Yoon Yeo Joon , Nam Sang‐Jip , Fenical William 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAnsalactams B—D exhibit weak antibacterial activity against methicillin‐resistant S.aureus (MRSA).
ChemInform Abstract: Inverse Oxide/Metal Catalysts in Fundamental Studies and Practical Applications: A Perspective of Recent Developments
Authors: Rodriguez Jose A. , Liu Ping , Graciani Jesus , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Grinter David C. , Stacchiola Dario , Hrbek Jan , Fernandez‐Sanz Javier 
Published: August 2016

AbstractReview: 82 refs.
Synthetischer Impfstoffkandidat gegen Krankenhauskeim
Authors: Tetsch Larissa 
Published: August 2016

AbstractClostridium difficile ist einer der häufigsten Krankenhauskeime und kann schwere Durchfallerkrankungen verursachen. Eine Impfung existiert noch nicht, obwohl der Erreger ein Oberflächenpolysaccharid besitzt, das starke Immunreaktionen auslöst. Allerdings kann dieses nicht in ausreichender Menge für die Impfstoffentwicklung gewonnen werden. Eine Alternative bietet die Herstellung synthetischer Polysaccharide.
Poor compliance with adjuvant chemotherapy use associated with poorer survival in patients with rectal cancer: An NCDB analysis
Authors: Xu Zhaomin , Mohile Supriya Gupta , Tejani Mohamedtaki Abdulaziz , Becerra Adan Z. , Probst Christian P. , Aquina Christopher T. , Hensley Bradley J. , Arsalanizadeh Reza , Noyes Katia , Monson John R.T. , Fleming Fergal J. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDNational Comprehensive Cancer Network treatment guidelines for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer include neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by total mesorectal excision and adjuvant chemotherapy. The objective of the current study was to examine the rate of adjuvant chemotherapy and associated survival in patients with stage II/III rectal cancer.METHODSThe 2006 to 2011 National Cancer Data Base was queried for patients with AJCC clinical stage II/III rectal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgical resection. A mixed effects multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with the receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy. A mixed effects Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the adjusted effect of receiving adjuvant therapy on 5‐year overall survival (OS).RESULTSA total of 14,742 patients were included; 68% of the cohort did not receive adjuvant chemotherapy. When controlled for clinical stage of disease, patients who were aged >70 years, had a higher comorbidity score, and had a pathologic complete response had lower odds of receiving adjuvant therapy. There was a 22‐fold difference in the risk‐adjusted rate of adjuvant therapy use among hospitals (3.1%‐67.7%). Adjuvant therapy was associated with increased 5‐year OS when controlled for patient factors, stage of disease, and pathologic response (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.59‐0.71). The greatest survival benefit was noted among patients who achieved a pathologic complete response (hazard ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.23‐0.67).CONCLUSIONSThere is poor compliance to National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines for adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and surgery. Adjuvant therapy appears to be independently associated with improved OS regardless of stage of disease, pathologic response, and patient factors. The greatest survival benefit was observed in patients who were complete responders. Age and comorbidities were found to be significantly associated with nonreceipt of adjuvant therapy. Improved rehabilitation and physical conditioning may improve the odds of patients receiving adjuvant therapy. Cancer 2017;52–61. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Psychologists' Perspectives on Therapy Termination and the Use of Therapy Engagement/Retention Strategies
Authors: Westmacott Robin , Hunsley John 
Published: August 2016

Practicing psychologists (n = 269) were surveyed regarding their perspectives on client reasons for termination at different points in therapy and their use of strategies to engage and retain clients in therapy. Psychologists estimated that one‐third of their caseload unilaterally terminated (M = 13% before the third therapy session; M = 20% after the third session). They viewed lack of readiness for change/insufficient motivation as the most important barrier to early treatment engagement, and symptom improvement as the most important reason for clients' unilateral decisions to end therapy after the third session. Most psychologists reported occasional use of the majority of engagement and retention strategies. Although some strategies were used by most psychologists (e.g., building the early working alliance), fewer than 25% of psychologists reported the frequent use of time‐limited treatment, appointment reminders or case management procedures. As the implementation of these strategies in clinical practice has the potential to greatly influence client retention rates, future research should examine psychologists' perspectives on and barriers to using these strategies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Therapists tend to underestimate the number of clients who make unilateral decisions to end treatment in their own practices. Therapists are unlikely to take steps to engage and retain clients in treatment unless they believe that unilateral termination is a significant problem.
Clients who unilaterally end treatment are often experiencing problems with the process of therapy (e.g., dissatisfaction, lack of fit, feeling as though therapy is going nowhere), whereas therapists often attribute failed therapy to clients. It is important to be aware of this tendency and look for other explanations.
It is worthwhile to actively solicit clients' barriers in an effort to mitigate them.
The empirical literature provides ample evidence that it is helpful for therapists to deliberately employ strategies to engage and retain clients in therapy. All therapists would benefit from considering which strategies fit with their practices.
Although almost all therapists emphasize building the early working alliance, and this is essential to good outcome, other evidence-based methods of engaging clients in therapy are largely underutilized, such as systematically monitoring client progress and barriers, placing time limits on treatment, using appointment reminders, and case management.
Highly Selective Deoxydehydration of Tartaric Acid over Supported and Unsupported Rhenium Catalysts with Modified Acidities
Authors: Li Xiukai , Zhang Yugen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe deoxydehydration (DODH) of sugar acids to industrially important carboxylic acids is a very attractive topic. Oxorhenium complexes are the most‐often employed DODH catalysts. Because of the acidity of the rhenium catalysts, the DODH products of sugar acids were usually in the form of mixture of free carboxylic acids and esters. Herein, we demonstrate strategies for the selective DODH of sugar acids to free carboxylic acids by tuning the Lewis acidity or the Brønsted acidity of the rhenium‐based catalysts. Starting from tartaric acid, up to 97 % yield of free maleic acid was achieved. Based on our strategies, functional polymer immobilized heterogeneous rhenium catalysts were also developed for the selective DODH conversion of sugar acids.
Attenuation of graft‐versus‐host‐disease in NOD scid IL‐2Rγ−/− (NSG) mice by ex vivo modulation of human CD4+ T cells
Authors: Hilger Nadja , Glaser Jakob , Müller Claudia , Halbich Christoph , Müller Anne , Schwertassek Ulla , Lehmann Jörg , Ruschpler Peter , Lange Franziska , Boldt Andreas , Stahl Lilly , Sack Ulrich , Oelkrug Christopher , Emmrich Frank , Fricke Stephan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNOD.Cg‐Prkdcscid IL‐2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) mice are a valuable tool for studying Graft‐versus‐Host‐Disease (GvHD) induced by human immune cells. We used a model of acute GvHD by transfer of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into NSG mice. The severity of GvHD was reflected by weight loss and was associated with engraftment of human cells and the expansion of leukocytes, particularly granulocytes and monocytes. Pre‐treatment of PBMCs with the anti‐human CD4 antibody MAX.16H5 IgG1 or IgG4 attenuated GvHD. The transplantation of 2 × 107 PBMCs without anti‐human CD4 pre‐treatment induced a severe GvHD (0% survival). In animals receiving 2 × 107 PBMCs pre‐incubated with MAX.16H5 IgG1 or IgG4, GvHD development was reduced and survival was increased. Immune reconstitution was measured by flow cytometry and confirmed for human leukocytes (CD45), CD3+/CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD3+/CD4+ T helper cells. Human B cells (CD19) and monocytes (CD14) could not be detected. Histopathological analysis (TUNEL assay) of the gut of recipient animals showed significantly less apoptotic crypt cells in animals receiving a MAX.16H5 IgG1 pre‐incubated graft. These findings indicate that pre‐incubation of an allogeneic graft with an anti‐human CD4 antibody may decrease the frequency and severity of GvHD after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and the need of conventional immunosuppressive drugs. Moreover, this approach most probably provides a safer HSCT that must be confirmed in appropriate clinical trials in the future. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Landscape‐scale deforestation decreases gene flow distance of a keystone tropical palm, Euterpe edulis Mart (Arecaceae)
Authors: Santos Alesandro S. , Cazetta Eliana , Dodonov Pavel , Faria Deborah , Gaiotto Fernanda A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHabitat loss represents one of the main threats to tropical forests, which have reached extremely high rates of species extinction. Forest loss negatively impacts biodiversity, affecting ecological (e.g., seed dispersal) and genetic (e.g., genetic diversity and structure) processes. Therefore, understanding how deforestation influences genetic resources is strategic for conservation. Our aim was to empirically evaluate the effects of landscape‐scale forest reduction on the spatial genetic structure and gene flow of Euterpe edulis Mart (Arecaceae), a palm tree considered a keystone resource for many vertebrate species. This study was carried out in nine forest remnants in the Atlantic Forest, northeastern Brazil, located in landscapes within a gradient of forest cover (19–83%). We collected leaves of 246 adults and 271 seedlings and performed genotyping using microsatellite markers. Our results showed that the palm populations had low spatial genetic structure, indicating that forest reduction did not influence this genetic parameter for neither seedlings nor adults. However, forest loss decreased the gene flow distance, which may negatively affect the genetic diversity of future generations by increasing the risk of local extinction of this keystone palm. For efficient strategies of genetic variability conservation and maintenance of gene flow in E. edulis, we recommend the maintenance of landscapes with intermediary to high levels of forest cover, that is, forest cover above 40%.
Nuclear Power in China: An Analysis of the Current and Near‐Future Uranium Flows
Authors: Yue Qiang , He Jingke , Stamford Laurence , Azapagic Adisa 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNuclear power capacity is growing rapidly in China and is expected to reach 58 GW by 2020. However, it is not clear at present if the country can meet this increasing demand for uranium. We present a comprehensive uranium flow analysis in China that covers a ten‐year period from 2003 to 2012 with the aim of identifying near‐future fuel demand to 2020. The findings suggest that from 2003 to 2012, 19 126 t of natural uranium were consumed, which generated 3811 t of spent fuel. Of this, only 33–58 % of natural uranium was sourced domestically, the rest of which was imported. By 2020, the uranium consumption is estimated to reach 14 426 t yr−1, around three quarters of the amount consumed over the whole ten‐year period considered here. Based on the current increase in demand, the domestic natural uranium could run out by 2027 if the country relies solely on its own uranium deposits known currently. Our findings also show that China would need to expand its spent‐fuel reprocessing program, expected to start in 2025, by 3–4 times as the planned capacity is insufficient given the current growth of nuclear power.
Pharmacokinetics of Ferric Pyrophosphate Citrate, a Novel Iron Salt, Administered Intravenously to Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Pratt Raymond D. , Swinkels Dorine W. , Ikizler T. Alp , Gupta Ajay 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFerric pyrophosphate citrate (Triferic) is a water‐soluble iron salt that is administered via dialysate to maintain iron balance and hemoglobin in hemodialysis patients. This double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, single‐, ascending‐dose study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of intravenous ferric pyrophosphate citrate in 48 healthy iron‐replete subjects (drug, n = 36; placebo, n = 12). Single doses of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10 mg of ferric pyrophosphate citrate or placebo were administered over 4 hours, and single doses of 15 or 20 mg of ferric pyrophosphate citrate or placebo were administered over 12 hours via intravenous infusion. Serum total iron (sFetot), transferrin‐bound iron (TBI), hepcidin‐25, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation were determined using validated assays. Marked diurnal variation in sFetot was observed in placebo‐treated subjects. Concentrations of sFetot and TBI increased rapidly after drug administration, with maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) reached at the end of infusion. Increases in baseline‐corrected Cmax and area under the concentration‐time curve from 0 to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0‐t) were dose proportional up to 100% transferrin saturation. Iron was rapidly cleared (apparent terminal phase half‐life 1.2‐2 hours). No significant changes from baseline in serum hepcidin‐25 concentration were observed at end of infusion for any dose. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation were unaffected. Intravenous doses of ferric pyrophosphate citrate were well tolerated. These results demonstrate that intravenous ferric pyrophosphate citrate is rapidly bound to transferrin and cleared from the circulation without increasing serum hepcidin levels or biomarkers of oxidative stress or inflammation.
Degradation of sulfamethazine antibiotics using Fe3O4–Mn3O4 nanocomposite as a Fenton‐like catalyst
Authors: Wan Zhong , Wang Jianlong 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe presence of sulfonamide antibiotics in aquatic environments has received increasing attention. In this study, the nanocomposite Fe3O4–Mn3O4 was synthesized, characterized and used as a catalyst for the degradation of sulfamethazine (SMT) in a heterogeneous Fenton‐like process.RESULTSThe composites were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), BET specific surface area, vibrating sample spectrometry (VSM), Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy before and after use. The catalytic activity was evaluated under different conditions, including pH value, H2O2 dosage, catalyst dosage, temperature and initial concentration of SMT. The removal efficiency of SMT was more than 99% in 50 min at pH=3, T = 45 °C, H2O2=6 mmol L−1, Fe3O4–Mn3O4 dosage = 0.5 g L−1, SMT=20 mg L−1.CONCLUSIONSFe3O4–Mn3O4 composite was an efficient catalyst for degradation of SMT in a Fenton‐like process. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Accurate modeling of pHEMT output current derivatives over a wide temperature range
Authors: Zhu Yuan‐Yuan , Ma Jian‐Guo , Fu Hai‐Peng , Zhang Qi‐Jun , Cheng Qian‐Fu , Lin Qian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the bias‐dependent current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and their high‐order derivatives of GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (pHEMTs) have been modeled over a wide temperature range. To simulate these characteristics at different temperatures, the model is developed considering the dependence on the ambient temperature. It is the first time that the temperature‐dependent high‐order derivatives of I–V characteristics of pHEMT are predicted, which can guarantee their accuracy under different bias conditions. The artificial neural networks are employed with the temperature as one of the input variables. The validity of this model has been demonstrated by comparing the measured and modeled Ids and its derivatives (gm, gm2 and gm3, derived from the I–V characteristics numerically) of a GaAs pHEMT at different temperature range (250–400 K, with step of 50 K). The results show that the proposed model has a better agreement of high‐order derivatives than the popularly used Angelov model, especially for the third‐order derivative. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interdecadal transition in the relationship between the western Pacific subtropical high and sea surface temperature
Authors: Gu Bohui , Zheng Zhihai , Feng Guolin , Wang Xujia 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and sea surface temperatures have experienced marked interdecadal changes. However, whether the relationships between the WPSH and sea surface temperature forcings (SSTFs) have also experienced an interdecadal transition remains unclear. This study analyses the interdecadal shift in the relationship between the WPSH and SSTFs. The results clearly reveal the occurrence of two interdecadal transitions in the relationship between the leading empirical orthogonal function modes, which represent the intensity of the WPSH and the SSTFs: one in approximately 1976–1977 and the other in 1993–1994. The positive first principal component is closely related to the equatorial eastern and central Pacific (EECP) warming and the western North Pacific (WNP) cooling in spring and summer of the three periods. The discharging process of the ‘Indian Ocean Capacitor Effect’ in summer was suppressed by the downdraft during the periods 1978–1992 and 1995–2013, which caused the tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) warming to have little influence on the WNP anomalous anticyclone (WNPAC) in summer. The positive second principal component corresponds to significantly positive sea surface temperature anomalies in the TIO, the maritime continent, the WNP, the North Pacific cooling in spring and summer, and the EECP cooling in the summer, while it is significantly related to only the positive‐phase North Atlantic tripole (NAT) in the spring in the years 1954–1975. The enhancement of the WNPAC by the NAT was partly offset by the tropical North Atlantic warming with a positive tropospheric temperature anomaly. Additionally, an anticyclone over the North Pacific Ocean accelerated the phase shift of El Niño/Southern Oscillation from El Niño to La Niña in the spring in the years 1995–2013.
Yeast derived from lignocellulosic biomass as a sustainable feed resource for use in aquaculture
Authors: Øverland Margareth , Skrede Anders 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe global expansion in aquaculture production implies an emerging need of suitable and sustainable protein sources. Currently, the fish feed industry is dependent on high‐quality protein sources of marine and plant origin. Yeast derived from processing of low‐value and non‐food lignocellulosic biomass is a potential sustainable source of protein in fish diets. Following enzymatic hydrolysis, the hexose and pentose sugars of lignocellulosic substrates and supplementary nutrients can be converted into protein‐rich yeast biomass by fermentation. Studies have shown that yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis and Kluyveromyces marxianus have favourable amino acid composition and excellent properties as protein sources in diets for fish, including carnivorous species such as Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. Suitable downstream processing of the biomass to disrupt cell walls is required to secure high nutrient digestibility. A number of studies have shown various immunological and health benefits from feeding fish low levels of yeast and yeast‐derived cell wall fractions. This review summarises current literature on the potential of yeast from lignocellulosic biomass as an alternative protein source for the aquaculture industry. It is concluded that further research and development within yeast production can be important to secure the future sustainability and economic viability of intensive aquaculture. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Diagnosis of subglottic stenosis in a rabbit model using long‐range optical coherence tomography
Authors: Ajose‐Popoola Olubunmi , Su Erica , Hamamoto Ashley , Wang Alex , Jing Joseph C. , Nguyen Tony D. , Chen Jason J. , Osann Kathryn E. , Chen Zhongping , Ahuja Gurpreet S. , Wong Brian J. F. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives/HypothesisCurrent imaging modalities lack the necessary resolution to diagnose subglottic stenosis. The aim of this study was to use optical coherence tomography (OCT) to evaluate nascent subglottic mucosal injury and characterize mucosal thickness and structural changes using texture analysis in a simulated intubation rabbit model.Study DesignProspective animal study in rabbits.MethodsThree‐centimeter‐long sections of endotracheal tubes (ETT) were endoscopically placed in the subglottis and proximal trachea of New Zealand White rabbits (n = 10) and secured via suture. OCT imaging and conventional endoscopic video was performed just prior to ETT segment placement (day 0), immediately after tube removal (day 7), and 1 week later (day 14). OCT images were analyzed for airway wall thickness and textural properties.ResultsEndoscopy and histology of intubated rabbits showed a range of normal to edematous tissue, which correlated with OCT images. The mean airway mucosal wall thickness measured using OCT was 336.4 μm (day 0), 391.3 μm (day 7), and 420.4 μm (day 14), with significant differences between day 0 and day 14 (P = .002). Significance was found for correlation and homogeneity texture features across all time points (P < .05).ConclusionsOCT is a minimally invasive endoscopic imaging modality capable of monitoring progression of subglottic mucosal injury. This study is the first to evaluate mucosal injury during simulated intubation using serial OCT imaging and texture analysis. OCT and texture analysis have the potential for early detection of subglottic mucosal injury, which could lead to better management of the neonatal airway and limit the progression to stenosis.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:64–69, 2017