bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The family health, functioning, social support and child maltreatment risk of families expecting a baby
Authors: Lepistö Sari , Ellonen Noora , Helminen Mika , Paavilainen Eija 
Published: September 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe the family health, functioning, social support and child maltreatment risk and associations between them in families expecting a baby.BackgroundFinland was one of the first countries in banning corporal punishment against children over 30 years ago. Despite of this, studies have shown that parents physically abuse their children. In addition, professionals struggle in intervention of this phenomenon. Abusive parents should be recognised and helped before actual violent behaviour.DesignA follow‐up case–control study, with a supportive intervention in the case group (families with a heightened risk) in maternity and child welfare clinics. The baseline results of families are described here.MethodsChild maltreatment risk in families expecting a baby was measured by Child Abuse Potential Inventory. The health and functioning was measured by Family Health, Functioning and Social Support Scale. Data included 380 families.ResultsA total of 78 families had increased risk for child maltreatment. Heightened risk was associated with partners’ age, mothers’ education, partners’ father's mental health problems, mothers’ worry about partners’ drinking and mothers’ difficulties in talking about the family's problems. Risk was associated with family functioning and health. Families with risk received a less support from maternity clinics. Families with child maltreatment risk and related factors were found.ConclusionsThis knowledge can be applied for supporting families both during pregnancy and after the baby is born. Professionals working with families in maternity clinics need tools to recognise families with risk and aid a discussion with them about the family life situation. The Child Abuse Potential, as a part of evaluating the family life situation, seems to prove a useful tool in identifying families at risk.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results offer a valid and useful tool for recognising families with risk and provide knowledge about high‐risk family situations.
Revisiting the relationship between job demands and job performance: The effects of job security and traditionality
Authors: Lu Chang‐qin , Du Dan‐yang , Xu Xiao‐min , Zhang Rui‐fang 
Published: September 2016

The findings on the relationship between job demands and job performance have been inconsistent in previous studies. Drawing on social exchange theory, we examined the moderating effect of job security on the job demands–job performance relationship. Three studies with cross‐sectional and time‐lagged designs were conducted. The results of Studies 1 and 2 consistently demonstrated that job demands significantly improved employee performance in the context of higher job security, whereas job demands impaired performance to some extent when job security was lower. Study 3 replicated these findings and also showed that the positive moderating effect was stronger for employees with lower rather than higher levels of traditionality. The importance of job security to improving employees’ performance in stressful workplaces was affirmed. These findings contribute to theories linking job demands to job performance and have practical implications for managers in high‐stress environments, especially in developing countries.Practitioner points

Job demands may lead to good performance when employees’ job security is high.

Appropriate human resource practices should promise employees’ perceived job security rather than only reducing job demands.

Employers should pay more attention to maintaining the social exchange relationships with employees having lower traditional values.
A field examination of the moderating role of group trust in group efficacy formation
Authors: Lee Dongseop , Stajkovic Alexander D. , Sergent Kayla 
Published: September 2016

Although support for the positive effect of group efficacy on group performance is copious, our understanding of how group efficacy forms is scant. Much remains unanswered about how the four efficacy antecedents, defined by social cognitive theory as enacted mastery, vicarious learning, social persuasion, and affect, concurrently influence group efficacy. Complementing the homology assumption of social cognitive theory, the authors propose and test a differential moderation model of group trust, in which group trust interacts synergistically or compensatorily with the four antecedents of group efficacy depending on the information content they provide. The results, based on 100 work groups in a manufacturing plant in China, showed that past group performance and group social persuasion were positively related to group efficacy, but that group vicarious learning and group positive affect were not. A significant interaction with group trust was found for group vicarious learning and for group positive affect. Finally, group efficacy was positively related to subsequent group performance, even after controlling for the four efficacy antecedents and group trust. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.Practitioner points

Group efficacy is a significant predictor of group performance.

Building trust in work groups is a credible and critical managerial action for group efficacy formation.
Cancer‐associated fibroblasts are an infrequent finding in the microenvironment of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia‐associated squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Akrish Sharon J. , Rachmiel Adi , Sabo Edmond , Vered Marilena , Ben‐Izhak Ofer 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundCancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are generally associated with negative prognostic factors. This study compares the clinicopathologic impact of CAFs in oral squamous cell carcinoma in patients with a history of proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (p‐scca) and patients with conventional squamous cell carcinoma of the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and palate (c‐scca).MethodsA retrospective clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of 97 tumor specimens from 78 patients (13 patients with proliferative verrucous leukoplakia‐associated squamous cell carcinoma (n = 32) and conventional squamous cell carcinoma from the buccal mucosa, gingiva, and palate (n = 65) was conducted. Immunostaining with anti‐alpha‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) antibody was used to evaluate the presence of CAFs.Resultsα‐SMA expression was an infrequent finding in p‐scca and seen in only 6% of p‐scca compared to 40% of c‐scca (P < 0.0004). In the c‐scca subgroup, α‐SMA significantly correlated with tumor size (T) (P = 0.009), tumor thickness (P < 0.0009), perineural invasion (P = 0.009), and microscopic grade (P = 0.018).ConclusionsThe presence of CAFs was an infrequent finding in our p‐scca cohort which may contribute to its seemingly slower growing and less invasive growth pattern. In the cohort of c‐scca patients, higher levels of CAFs correlated with microscopic invasiveness, tumor size, and perineural invasion. Practically, these are important observations as targeting strategies are being developed to combat carcinoma types where CAFs significance has been validated.
Activity of cefquinome against extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in neutropenic mouse thigh model
Authors: Shan Q. , Wang J. 
Published: September 2016

Increasing prevalence of extended‐spectrum β‐lactamase (ESBL)‐producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) is of clinical concern. The objective of our study was to examine the in vivo activity of cefquinome against ESBL‐producing K. pneumoniae strain using a neutropenic mouse thigh infection model. Cefquinome kinetics and protein binding in infected neutropenic mice were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Dose‐fractionation studies over a 24‐h dose range of 2.5–320 mg/kg were administered every 3, 6, 12, or 24 h. The percentage of the dosing interval that the free‐drug serum levels exceed the MIC (%fT > MIC) was the PK–PD index that best correlated with cefquinome efficacy (R2 = 86%). Using a sigmoid Emax model, the magnitudes of %fT > MIC producing net bacterial stasis, a 1‐log10 kill and a 2‐log10 kill over 24 h, were estimated to be 20.07%, 29.57%, and 55.12%, respectively. These studies suggest that optimal cefquinome PK/PD targets are not achieved in pigs, sheep, and cattle at current recommended doses (1˜2 mg/kg). Further studies with higher doses in the target species are needed to ensure therapeutic concentration, if cefquinome is used for treatment of K. pneumoniae infection.
Comparative pharmacokinetics of minocycline in foals and adult horses
Authors: Giguère S. , Burton A. J. , Berghaus L. J. , Haspel A. D. 
Published: September 2016

The objective of this study was to compare the pharmacokinetics of minocycline in foals vs. adult horses. Minocycline was administered to six healthy 6‐ to 9‐week‐old foals and six adult horses at a dose of 4 mg/kg intragastrically (IG) and 2 mg/kg intravenously (i.v.) in a cross‐over design. Five additional oral doses were administered at 12‐h intervals in foals. A microbiologic assay was used to measure minocycline concentration in plasma, urine, synovial fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure minocycline concentrations in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) and bronchoalveolar (BAL) cells. After i.v. administration to foals, minocycline had a mean (±SD) elimination half‐life of 8.5 ± 2.1 h, a systemic clearance of 113.3 ± 26.1 mL/h/kg, and an apparent volume of distribution of 1.24 ± 0.19 L/kg. Pharmacokinetic variables determined after i.v. administration to adult horses were not significantly different from those determined in foals. Bioavailability was significantly higher in foals (57.8 ± 19.3%) than in adult horses (32.0 ± 18.0%). Minocycline concentrations inPELFwere higher than in other body fluids. Oral minocycline dosed at 4 mg/kg every 12 h might be adequate for the treatment of susceptible bacterial infections in foals.
Antibacterial effects of volatiles produced by Bacillus strain D13 against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Authors: Xie Shanshan , Zang Haoyu , Wu Huijun , Uddin Rajer Faheem , Gao Xuewen 
Published: September 2016

SummaryRecent investigations have demonstrated that bacteria employ the volatile compounds they produce during interactions with other organisms, such as plants, fungi, nematodes and bacteria. However, studies focused on the antibacterial activity of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) volatiles against bacterial phytopathogens are still rare. In this study, Bacillus strain D13, which is antagonistic to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), was isolated and screened. Volatile compounds emitted from strain D13 reduced the colony diameter and cell motility of Xoo cultured in divided Petri plates. Transmission electron micrograph analysis showed concentration in cytoplasm and altered surface morphology in the majority of Xanthomonas cells after co‐cultivation with strain D13. Transcriptional expression of virulence‐associated genes in Xoo was repressed. Based on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis, 12 volatile compounds specifically produced by strain D13 were identified. Among them, decyl alcohol and 3,5,5‐trimethylhexanol inhibited the growth of Xoo at minimum inhibitory amounts of 0.48 and 2.4 mg, respectively. Furthermore, transcriptional expression of virulence‐associated genes was also repressed by decyl alcohol and 3,5,5‐trimethylhexanol. These results are useful for a better understanding of the biocontrol mechanisms of Bacillus.
Between banality and effervescence?: a study of Japanese youth nationalism
Authors: Fukuoka Kazuya 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe study of taken‐for‐granted nationalism has been bourgeoning in the last two decades. With Michael Billig's seminal thesis of banal nationalism, it is now more common to see those studies that focus on day‐to‐day unconscious flagging of national symbols in established (as opposed to new) nations. There are also studies that re‐emphasize Durkheimian moments of collective effervescence through ecstatic events (such as the Olympics and the Soccer World Cup) that concretize national identities. By critically engaging with these concepts, this exploratory study delves into the nature of Japanese youth nationalism. What are the sources of their national pride? How proud are they? Or, not? How do the Japanese youth perceive the national symbols such as the national flag and how is it related to the sense of nation?
Reflux monitoring in children
Authors: Singendonk M. M. J. , Benninga M. A. , van Wijk M. P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRecently, multichannel intraluminal impedance (MII) monitoring was added to the repertoire of tests to evaluate the (patho)physiology of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) in children. Its advantage above the sole monitoring of the esophageal pH lies in the ability of the detection of both acid and nonacidGERand to discern between liquid and gasGER. Currently, combined 24 h pH‐MIImonitoring is recommended for evaluation of gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its relation to symptoms in infants and children, despite the lack of reference values in these age groups. There is new evidence in the current issue of this Journal supporting the role of pH‐MIImonitoring for the evaluation of children presenting with gastrointestinal symptoms suggestive ofGERDand the prediction of the presence of reflux esophagitis. However, several issues should be taken into account when performing pH‐MIIclinically.
The association between Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome—hypermobility type and gastrointestinal symptoms in university students: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Fikree A. , Aktar R. , Morris J. K. , Grahame R. , Knowles C. H. , Aziz Q. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundPatients with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome—hypermobility type (EDS‐HT) have increased prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, particularly reflux and dyspepsia.EDS‐HTis associated with dysautonomia, psychopathology, and chronic pain which can be associated withGIsymptoms. The association betweenGIsymptoms andEDS‐HTin a ‘non‐patient’ population and the effect of the above‐mentioned factors has never been studied.MethodsIn a cross sectional study, a hypermobility questionnaire was used to screen university students; further clinical examination established the diagnosis ofEDS‐HT. Validated questionnaires assessed forGI, somatic, pain and autonomic symptoms, psychopathology and quality of life (QOL). These were compared in students with and withoutEDS‐HT; logistic regression analysis examined associations betweenEDS‐HT,GIsymptoms and other variables.Key ResultsOf 1998 students screened, 162 were included: 74EDS‐HT(21.0 years, 53% female) vs 88 Non‐EDS‐HT(21.5 years, 65% female). Compared to non‐EDS‐HTstudents,EDS‐HTstudents were more likely to have multipleGIsymptoms (41.9% vs 27.3%P=.05), particularly postprandial fullness (34.4% vs 15.9%,P=.01) and early satiety (32% vs 17%,P=.03), greater autonomic (P<.001) and somatic symptoms (P=.04) but not psychopathology (P>.8). The association betweenEDS‐HTand postprandial symptoms was dependent on autonomic factors but independent of pain and psychopathology. Pain‐relatedQOLscores were reduced in theEDS‐HTgroup (80 vs 90,P=.03).Conclusions and InferencesThe previously described association betweenEDS‐HT, dyspepsia, pain and autonomic symptoms in patients is also present in non‐patient groups. Future studies are necessary to explore the etiological role of connective tissue inGIand extra intestinal symptoms.
Chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction in children and adults: diagnosis and therapeutic options
Authors: Di Nardo G. , Di Lorenzo C. , Lauro A. , Stanghellini V. , Thapar N. , Karunaratne T. B. , Volta U. , De Giorgio R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundChronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (CIPO) represents the most severe form of gastrointestinal dysmotility with debilitating and potentially lethal consequences. Symptoms can be non‐specific, and result in this condition being diagnosed incorrectly or too late with consequences for morbidity and even mortality.PurposeThe present article aims to provide pediatric and adult gastroenterologists with an up to date review about clinical features, diagnosis and therapeutic options for CIPO. Although pediatric and adult CIPO share many clinical aspects distinctive features can be identified. There is no single diagnostic test or pathognomonic finding of CIPO, thus a stepwise approach including radiology, endoscopy, laboratory, manometry, and histopathology should be considered in the diagnostic work‐up. Treatment of patients with CIPO is challenging and requires a multidisciplinary effort with participation of appropriately experienced gastroenterologists, pathologists, dieticians, surgeons, psychologists, and other subspecialists based on the presence of comorbidities. Current treatment options invariably involve surgery and specialized nutritional support, especially in children. Medical therapies are mainly aimed to avoid complications such as sepsis or intestinal bacterial overgrowth and, where possible, restore intestinal propulsion. More efficacious therapeutic options are eagerly awaited for such difficult patients.
Prenatal diagnosis of Gaucher disease using next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Yoshida Shinichiro , Kido Jun , Matsumoto Shirou , Momosaki Ken , Mitsubuchi Hiroshi , Shimazu Tomoyuki , Sugawara Keishin , Endo Fumio , Nakamura Kimitoshi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn the prenatal diagnosis of Gaucher disease (GD), glucocerebrosidase (GBA) activity is measured with fetal cells, and gene analysis is performed when pathogenic mutations in GBA are identified in advance. Herein is described prenatal diagnosis in a family in which two children had GD. Although prior genetic information for this GD family was not obtained, next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was carried out for this family because immediate prenatal diagnosis was necessary. Three mutations were identified in this GD family. The father had one mutation in intron 3 (IVS2 + 1), the mother had two mutations in exons 3 (I[‐20]V) and 5 (M85T), and child 1 had all three of these mutations; child 3 had none of these mutations. On NGS the present fetus (child 3) was not a carrier of GD‐related mutations. NGS may facilitate early detection and treatment before disease onset.
Trade Liberalisation and the Wage Skill Premium in Korean Manufacturing Plants: Do Plants’ R&D and Investment Matter?
Authors: Hahn Chin Hee , Choi Yong‐Seok 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the effects of output and input tariff reductions on within‐plant wage skill premium in Korean manufacturing plants. We find evidence that output tariff reduction interacts differently with plants’ R&D and investment behaviours, respectively, to affect wage skill premium. More specifically, output tariff reduction increases wage skill premium mostly in R&D‐performing plants while reducing it mostly in plants making positive facility investments. While there is weak evidence that input tariff reduction increases wage skill premium, no such interactive effects are found. One story behind our results is that, although both R&D and facility investments may respond to changes in profit opportunities due to output tariff reductions, R&D raises the relative demand for the skilled workers while facility investment, an activity of increasing production capacity, raises the relative demand for the unskilled workers.
Efficacy of Teaching the Gambee Suture Pattern Using Simulated Small Intestine versus Cadaveric Small Intestine
Authors: Caston Stephanie S. , Schleining Jennifer A. , Danielson Jared A. , Kersh Kevin D. , Reinertson Eric L. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo determine if instruction using simulated small intestine (SSI) is as effective as using cadaveric small intestine to teach the Gambee suture pattern to second year veterinary students.Study DesignProspective, randomized, blinded study.Sample PopulationSecond year veterinary students (n=59).MethodsStudents were randomly assigned to groups using SSI or equine cadaver small intestine (CSI) to learn the Gambee suture pattern. The same educator, an experienced surgical instructor, instructed all students. Instruction consisted of verbal description of the technique with a schematic diagram followed by a demonstration. Students then practiced the technique with supervision and verbal feedback. One week later, 3 board certified surgeons experienced in surgical instruction evaluated each student suturing equine CSI and scored them using a rubric developed and validated for surgical skills assessment.ResultsFifty‐nine students were enrolled (4 students were absent for the lab during which the assessment was performed; 55 students were available for evaluation). Of the 55 students evaluated, 26 were in the SSI group and 29 were in the CSI group. There was no significant difference between CSI and SSI groups in ability to perform the Gambee suture pattern using equine CSI 1 week following training.ConclusionSSI is as effective as equine cadaveric small intestine tissue to teach the Gambee suture pattern to second year veterinary students. If cadaver tissue is unavailable or undesirable, SSI could be used to instruct suture placement techniques.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Size, Knot Holding Capacity, and Knot Security of the Forwarder Knot Compared to Square and Surgeon's Knots Using Large Gauge Suture
Authors: Gillen Alex M. , Munsterman Amelia S. , Hanson R. Reid 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the strength, size, and holding capacity of the self‐locking forwarder knot compared to surgeon's and square knots using large gauge suture.Study designIn vitro mechanical study.Study PopulationKnotted suture.MethodsForwarder, surgeon's, and square knots were tested on a universal testing machine under linear tension using 2 and 3 USP polyglactin 910 and 2 USP polydioxanone. Knot holding capacity (KHC) and mode of failure were recorded and relative knot security (RKS) was calculated as a percentage of KHC. Knot volume and weight were assessed by digital micrometer and balance, respectively. ANOVA and post hoc testing were used tocompare strength between number of throws, suture, suture size, and knot type. P<.05 was considered significant.ResultsForwarder knots had a higher KHC and RKS than surgeon's or square knots for all suture types and number of throws. No forwarder knots unraveled, but a proportion of square and surgeon's knots with <6 throws did unravel. Forwarder knots had a smaller volume and weight than surgeon's and square knots with equal number of throws. The forwarder knot of 4 throws using 3 USP polyglactin 910 had the highest KHC, RKS, and the smallest size and weight.ConclusionForwarder knots may be an alternative for commencing continuous patterns in large gauge suture, without sacrificing knot integrity, but further in vivo and ex vivo testing is required to assess the effects of this sliding knot on tissue perfusion before clinical application.