bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitiligo: From Mechanisms of Disease to Treatable Pathways
Authors: Pathak Gaurav N. , Tan Isabella J. , Bai Ge , Dhillon Jimmy , Rao Babar K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune-mediated disease characterised by the loss of pigmentary melanocytes in the epidermis. Vitiligo is associated with loss of functional epithelium and significant reductions in quality of life with limited long-term treatment options, highlighting a continued unmet clinical need. A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiology and newly investigated treatment pathways may guide multimodal treatment strategies and identify future drug targets. The pathology of vitiligo is multifactorial; however, environmental insults in genetically susceptible populations may lead to disease development. Autoreactive CD8+ T-cells that target melanocytes and release inflammatory mediators, including interferon-γ and interleukins 2, 6, 15, 17 and 33 among others, have been identified in vitiligo pathogenesis. Treatment modalities for vitiligo revolve around six broad disease concepts, including procedural modalities (tissue and cellular grafting), phototherapy, stem cells, anti-inflammatories, genetic polymorphisms and antioxidants/vitamins/herbals. Genetic polymorphisms, such as catalase gene variations and toll-like receptor polymorphisms, along with stem cell targets such as melanocytes derived from stem cells, have been implicated in vitiligo onset and possible treatment. Novel JAK-STAT inhibitors have been recently investigated for vitiligo, whereas topical corticosteroids and calcineurin inhibitors continue to be used. Vitamin D, vitamin E, zinc, copper, piperine, pseudo catalase and other vitamins/herbals may improve vitiligo outcomes primarily through antioxidant supplementation pathways. Future studies should investigate alternative drug pathways and targets implicated in vitiligo in large patient cohorts, as well as treatments that target suspected causative immune cells, including memory T-cells, which may provide long-lasting disease-free remission.
Navigating Challenges and Promises for Next‐Generation CsPbIBr2 Perovskite Solar Cells: A Review
Authors: Aamir Muhammad , Hossain Mohammad Ismail , Akhtaruzzaman Md. , Rafij Junayed Hossain , Uddin Jamal , Akhtar Javeed , Amin Nowshad , EL Ganaoui Mohammad , Nunzi Jean‐Michel , Taima Tetsuya , Shahiduzzaman Md. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiven the increasing demand for electricity due to modernization and population growth, there is an urgent need to develop renewable energy conversion technologies such as photovoltaics. Among these technologies, CsPbIBr2, an all‐inorganic lead halide‐based perovskite, has shown promise due to its thermal stability, phase stability, and ease of fabrication. However, challenges remain, particularly in addressing device hysteresis and stability. Novel materials and optimized device designs could help overcome these challenges. This comprehensive review discusses strategies such as interface engineering, film quality improvement, compositional engineering, defect passivation, band alignments, and metal ion doping to enhance the performance of CsPbIBr2‐based perovskite films and, in turn, their potential for photovoltaic applications.
An Efficient Multi‐Component Double Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation of Isatin: Access to Unsymmetrical and Symmetrical 3, 3‐Diaryl oxindoles
Authors: Karu Sudheer Kumar , Pilli Navyasree , Malapaka Chandrasekharam 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcetic acid‐mediated three‐component double Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction for the synthesis of α, α‐diaryl oxindole derivatives is demonstrated. The reaction is successful with various isatin, indole, and N, N‐disubstituted aniline derivatives. The efficiency of the reaction is further enhanced by a four‐component reaction of isatin, electrophiles and acetic anhydride for the synthesis of N‐acylated 3,3‐diaryl oxindole derivatives facilitated by dual activation of C3 and N1 acetylation in a single‐step. Various unsymmetrical and symmetrical 3,3‐diaryl oxindoles were prepared in single‐step MCR reaction under easy to operate reaction conditions.
An “All‐in‐One” Strategy to Reconstruct Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritic Microenvironment Using γ‐Fe2O3@TA@ALN Nanoparticles
Authors: Cen Xiao , Deng Junjie , Pan Xuefeng , Wei Rufang , Huang Zhimao , Tang Rong , Lu Shengkai , Wang Rong , Zhao Zhihe , Huang Xinqi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrent clinical strategies for the treatment of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) primarily target cartilage biology, overlooking the synergetic effect of various cells and inorganic components in shaping the arthritic microenvironment, thereby impeding the effectiveness of existing therapeutic options for TMJOA. Here, γ‐Fe2O3@TA@ALN magnetic nanoparticles (γ‐Fe2O3@TA@ALN MNPs) composed of γ‐Fe2O3, tannic acid (TA), and alendronate sodium (ALN) are engineered to reconstruct the osteoarthritic microenvironment and mitigate TMJOA progression. γ‐Fe2O3@TA@ALN MNPs can promote chondrocytes’ proliferation, facilitate chondrogenesis and anisotropic organization, enhance lubrication and reduce cartilage wear, and encourage cell movement. Magnetic‐responsive γ‐Fe2O3@TA@ALN MNPs also exhibit pH sensitivity, which undergoes decomposition within acidic environment to release ALN on demand. Under a 0.2 T static magnetic field, γ‐Fe2O3@TA@ALN MNPs accelerate the synthesis of cartilage‐specific proteins, and suppress catabolic‐related genes expression and reactive oxygen species generation, affording additional protection to TMJ cartilage. In TMJOA mouse models, articular injection of γ‐Fe2O3@TA@ALN MNPs effectively alleviates cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone loss in short and long terms, offering promising avenues for the development of therapeutic interventions for TMJOA.
Recent Advances in Engineering of 2D Layered Metal Chalcogenides for Resistive‐Type Gas Sensor
Authors: Wu Ruozhen , Hao Juanyuan , Wang You 
Published: September 2024

Abstract2D nanomaterials have triggered widespread attention in sensing applications. Especially for 2D layered metal chalcogenides (LMCs), the unique semiconducting properties and high surface area endow them with great potential for gas sensors. The assembly of 2D LMCs with guest species is an effective functionalization method to produce the synergistic effects of hybridization for greatly enhancing the gas‐sensing properties. This review starts with the synthetic techniques, sensing properties, and principles, and then comprehensively compiles the advanced achievements of the pristine 2D LMCs gas sensors. Key advances in the development of the functionalization of 2D LMCs for enhancing gas‐sensing properties are categorized according to the spatial architectures. It is systematically discussed in three aspects: surface, lattice, and interlayer, to comprehend the benefits of the functionalized 2D LMCs from surface chemical effect, electronic properties, and structure features. The challenges and outlooks for developing high‐performance 2D LMCs‐based gas sensors are also proposed.
Designed Polar Cosolvent‐Prepared Zinc Oxide Film for Efficient and Stable Inverted Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Li Shufang , Chen Weikun , Shi Changzhou , Gong Yuxia , Yang Ke , Jiang Lihui , Lu Xinhui , Xie Haipeng , Yuan Jun , Zou Yingping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHere, a simple method of applying dimethylformamide (DMF) as cosolvent in the sol‐gel technology is used to improve the quality of ZnO bulk films. First‐principles calculations show that with the addition of polar solvent DMF, the adsorption energy (Eads) between the solvent and Zn(OH)₂ increases from −1.42 to −1.74 eV, which can stabilize the existence of Zn(OH)₂, thereby promoting the ZnO synthesis. Besides, the elimination of amine residues in the DMF‐ZnO film significantly suppress the photocatalytic activity induced by amine‐induced coordination or redox reactions. Inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) based on PM6:Y6 and PM6:BTP‐eC9 achieves impressive power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 17.58 and 18.14%, respectively. Furthermore, benefiting from the reduced defects of bulk ZnO, pseudo‐bilayer bulk heterojunction (PBHJ) devices based on the optimized ZnO film exhibited superior stability, the PM6:Y6 devices based on DMF‐ZnO ETLs can maintain 90.28% of their initial PCE after 1000 h of thermal aging at 85 °C, and 80.98% of their initial PCE after 168 h of UV aging. This simple solvent optimization strategy can significantly improve the charge transport of ZnO bulk films, making it a reliable strategy for the preparation of electron transport layers in OSCs.
Impact of Sharia‐Based Screening on Equity Risk: International Evidence
Authors: Kafou Ali 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the impact of mainstream Sharia‐based screening methodologies on equity risk. The study is based on the daily returns of 23 pairs of stock indices belonging to different index providers, namely Dow Jones, FTSE, and S&P. For risk measurement, the study uses five Value at Risk (VaR) methods. Moreover, the conditional VaR (CVaR) is used to analyze the tail behavior of return distributions. The results show that Sharia‐based screening is a source of significant differences in risk. There is strong evidence that Islamic stock indices (ISIs) tend to be less risky than their conventional peers. Also, the screening process allows for keeping extreme negative returns at a lower level relative to unscreened indices. The analysis during the Dotcom and Subprime crises shows that, globally, the results are time‐invariant. In sum, Islamic screening is tantamount to prudential rules that lead to low‐risk portfolios; it is, in its essence, a risk‐reduction strategy. Findings suggest that Sharia‐compliant stocks would be of great attractiveness to risk‐averse investors. They will find their claim in this asset class, as its riskiness is relatively low. For banks, a lower VaR of Islamic investing implies fewer capital requirements for market risk when holding portfolios that include Sharia‐compliant stocks. Fewer capital requirements will enhance the banks' ability to invest and make profits, which will, in turn, result in reducing the cost of capital.
A digital forensic analysis of an electrocardiogram medical device: A first look
Authors: Grispos George , Tursi Frank , Mahoney William 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe increased frequency and severity of cybersecurity incidents impacting healthcare organizations has prompted the publication of suggested best practices for these organizations, when attempting to respond to incidents in their respective settings. While these best practices provide a wealth of information on how to respond to a cybersecurity incident impacting medical devices, minimal information is provided related to the forensics investigation of the devices themselves. A growing appetite for digital evidence from medical devices, coupled with limited practical guidance from industry best practices prompts an investigation into identifying tools and techniques to assist digital forensic investigators with device disassembly, data acquisition, and preservation of evidence in medical devices. This paper presents the results of a detailed exploratory case study involving the digital forensic investigation of a General Electric MAC 800 electrocardiogram medical device. The contributions of this research are threefold. First, it provides an empirical demonstration of practical techniques for acquiring and examining residual data from the electrocardiogram medical device. Second, the research documents the artifacts that can be recovered from the medical device, which could be used as potential evidence. Third, it provides the foundation for future investigations regarding the tools and processes suitable for examining additional medical devices.This article is categorized under:
Digital and Multimedia Science > Cybercrime Investigation
Digital and Multimedia Science > IoT Forensics
Gestational Surrogacy as a New Right: A Narrative Approach
Authors: Vergara Oscar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs Jhering pinpoints, the birth of a new right is always painful and as with human birth, it involves a certain amount of violence. It is fair to say that the birth of the recognition of the right to gestational surrogacy is not without its complications. Although the practice has been technically possible since the late seventies, only a minority of States have granted legal recognition. It has been argued that gestational surrogacy constitutes a prior right which States must institutionalize. We will challenge this idea and then we will approach the issue from the perspective of narrative bioethics. It is this perspective, conceived in a certain way, which can not only shed more light but also push the boundaries to a greater extent than two of the most relevant methodologies in biomedical ethics, principlism and casuistry.
Einleitung
Authors: Seim Jonathan 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungIm ersten
Kapitel wird zunächst zur Forschungsfrage, wer an
Bürg:innenbeteiligungsverfahren beteiligt werden sollte, hingeführt und
deren Relevanz begründet. Daraufhin wird der Aufbau der Arbeit knapp
erläutert. Zuletzt werden der Arbeit zwei Vorbemerkungen vorangestellt. Zum
einen zur Konzeption politischer Legitimität, welche der Arbeit zu Grunde
liegt. Zum anderen zum Umgang der Arbeit mit empirischen Prämissen.
Der Kontext von Bürger:innenbeteiligungsverfahren
Authors: Seim Jonathan 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungKapitel 5 wirft die Frage auf, was Bürger:innenbeteiligungsverfahren als ein Kontext für Inklusionsfragen ausmacht. Erstens wird die These begründet, dass die Verbesserung demokratischer Responsivität das primäre Ziel von Bürger:innenbeteiligungsverfahren darstellt. Zweitens wird herausgearbeitet, inwiefern die Ergebnisse formal unverbindlicher Bürger:innenbeteiligungsverfahren legitimationstheoretisch (un)verbindlich sind.
Die Beteiligung sekundärer Gruppen
Authors: Seim Jonathan 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Forschungsfrage, wer an Bürger:innenbeteiligungsverfahren, beteiligt werden sollte, wird in den Kapiteln 6 und 7 beantwortet. Die Antwort besteht aus zwei Teilen und Kapitel 7 widmet sich der Inklusion der sekundären Gruppe. Zunächst wird gezeigt, dass die Beteiligung sekundärer Gruppen zulässig sein kann, wenn sie nicht das Ziel der Verfahren, demokratische Responsivität zu verbessern, unterminiert. Die Beteiligung von Expert:innen und Betroffenen, die nicht Teil des Demos sind, ist sogar wünschenswert, weil sie zur Informiertheit der Beteiligungsergebnisse beiträgt. Dies kann wiederum informierte Entscheidungen von Repräsentant:innen begünstigen und problematische Auswirkungen auf politische Selbstwirksamkeit und politisches Vertrauen mindern.
Dimers for type D relativistic Toda model
Authors: Lee Kimyeong , Lee Norton 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We construct dimer graphs for type D relativistic Toda models by introducing impurities into the Y2N,0 square dimer graphs. By properly placing the impurities and changing the canonical variables assigned to the 1-loops on the dimer graph, we perform a “folding” of the graphs, which yields the type D relativistic Toda lattice Hamiltonian and monodromy matrix.
Maximal $$L_p$$-regularity for x-dependent fractional heat equations with Dirichlet conditions
Authors: Abels Helmut , Grubb Gerd 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We prove optimal regularity results in

$$L_p$$

L
p

-based function spaces in space and time for a large class of linear parabolic equations with a nonlocal elliptic operator in bounded domains with limited smoothness. Here the nonlocal operator is given by a strongly elliptic and even pseudodifferential operator P of order 2a (

$$0<a<1$$

0
<
a
<
1

) with nonsmooth x-dependent coefficients. This includes the prominent case of the fractional Laplacian

$$(-\Delta )^a$$

(
-
Δ
)

a

, as well as elliptic operators

$$(-\nabla \cdot A(x)\nabla +b(x))^a$$

(
-
∇
·
A

(
x
)

∇
+
b

(
x
)

)

a

. The proofs are based on general results on maximal

$$L_p$$

L
p

-regularity and its relation to

$$\mathcal {R}$$

R

-boundedness of the resolvent of the associated (elliptic) operator. Finally, we apply these results to show existence of strong solutions locally in time for a class of nonlinear nonlocal parabolic equations, which include a fractional nonlinear diffusion equation and a fractional porous medium equation after a transformation. The nonlinear results are new in the case of domains with boundary; the linear results are so when P is x-dependent nonsymmetric.
Development and characterization of formulations based on combinatorial potential of antivirals against genital herpes
Authors: Gaikwad Mahesh , George Amal , Sivadas Aparna , Karunakaran Kavitha , N Sudheesh , Byradeddy Siddappa N. , Mukhopadhyay Chiranjay , Mudgal Piya Paul , Kulkarni Madhur 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHerpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) treatment faces challenges due to antiviral resistance and systemic side effects of oral therapies. Local delivery of antiviral agents, such as tenofovir (TDF) and zinc acetate dihydrate (ZAD), may offer improved efficacy and reduced systemic toxicity. This study’s objective is to develop and evaluate local unit dose formulations of TDF and ZAD combination for local treatment of HSV-2 infection and exploring their individual and combinatory effects in vitro. The study involved the development of immediate-release film and pessary formulations containing TDF and ZAD. These formulations were characterized for physicochemical properties and in vitro drug release profiles. Cytotoxicity and antiviral activity assays were conducted to evaluate the individual and combinatory effects of TDF and ZAD. Film formulations released over 90% of the drugs within 1 h, and pessary formulations within 90 min, ensuring effective local drug delivery. ZAD showed moderate antiviral activity while TDF exhibited significant antiviral activity at non-cytotoxic concentrations. The combination of TDF and ZAD demonstrated synergistic effects in co-infection treatments, reducing the concentration required for 50% inhibition of HSV-2. Developed film and pessary formulations offer consistent and predictable local drug delivery, enhancing antiviral efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. The combination of TDF and ZAD showed potential synergy against HSV-2, particularly in co-infection treatments. Further preclinical studies on pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy are necessary to advance these formulations toward clinical application.
Computer modeling and validation testing for glenoid component rotation and optimal glenoid screw angles for reverse shoulder arthroplasty in an Asian population
Authors: Cheng Shun Sing Martin , Yung Colin Shing-Yat , Wong Samuel De Hoi , Yip Christopher Chun Hei , Khoo Issac Jun Ren , Wong Tsoi Wan Karen , Fang Christian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Good initial fixation of glenoid component for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) relies on component placement and screw purchase in the scapula bone. This is especially difficult in an Asian population with small glenoid geometry. Optimal glenoid component roll angle and screw angulation to achieve the longest screws for best fixation has not been defined in the current literature.

Methods
Computer 3D modelling of 133 scapulas with RTSA performed were analyzed to determine patient specific optimal glenoid roll angle (GRA) for the longest bi-cortical screws attainable. The cranial-caudal angle (CCA), anterior-posterior angle (APA) and lengths for the superior and inferior screws were measured. Validation testing using calculated average (CA) angles and rounded average (RA) angles to the nearest 5 degree were recomputed for each case to determine the bi-cortical screw lengths achievable. The CA and RA screw lengths were compared against patient specific modelling using paired-sample t-tests.

Results
Average GRA was − 1.6°, almost perpendicular to the long axis of the glenoid and achieves an average bi-cortical screw length of 51.3 mm and 45.5 mm for the superior and inferior screws respectively. The CCA and APA were 9.1° cranial and 6.5° posterior for the superior screw and screw angulation of 11.2° caudal and 0.7° anterior for the inferior screw. Validation testing shows statistically shorter screw lengths in the CA and RA models compared to patient specific modelling (p < 0.01).

Conclusion
Validation testing with average angles for GRA, CCA and APA demonstrates strong patient heterogeneity and anatomical variation. Despite this, screw lengths attainable in the RA group were > 38 mm with good safety profile. Surgeons may consider the additional use of navigation-assisted, or 3D printed patient specific instrumentation to optimize baseplate and screw configuration for RTSA.
Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in rheumatoid arthritis: findings from the prospective Porto-RA cohort
Authors: Alexandre André , Sá-Couto David , Brandão Mariana , Cabral Sofia , Fonseca Tomás , Costa Rita Quelhas , Marinho António , Vasconcelos Carlos , Ferreira Betânia , Ferreira João Pedro , Rodrigues Patrícia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aim
Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure (HF) due to a pro-inflammatory state. Detecting cardiac dysfunction in RA is challenging as these patients often present preserved ejection fraction (EF) but may have subclinical ventricular dysfunction. Echocardiographic strain analysis is a promising tool for early detection of subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). This study assesses the prognostic role of strain analysis in RA.

Methods and results
Prospective study of 277 RA patients without known heart disease and preserved EF, categorized by left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS): normal GLS (≤ − 18%) vs. subclinical LVSD (> − 18%). Primary outcome was a composite of myocardial infarction, HF hospitalization, stroke, or cardiovascular death (MACE). Mean age was 57 years, 79% female. Although mean GLS was within normal (− 20 ± 3%), subclinical LVSD was observed in 24% of patients (n = 67) and was positively correlated with older age (OR 1.54 per 10 years; p < 0.001) and comorbid conditions, such as dyslipidemia (OR 2.27; p = 0.004), obesity (OR 2.29; p = 0.015), and chronic kidney disease (OR 8.39; p = 0.012). Subclinical LVSD was independently associated with a 3.9-fold higher risk of MACE (p = 0.003) and a 3.4-fold higher risk of HF hospitalization/cardiovascular death (p = 0.041). A GLS threshold of > − 18.5% provided optimal sensitivity (78%) and specificity (74%) in identifying patients at elevated MACE risk (AUC = 0.78; p < 0.001).

Conclusion
Subclinical LVSD, identified by reduced GLS, was strongly associated with adverse cardiovascular events in RA. Whether these findings have therapeutic implications is worth exploring in clinical trials.

Graphical abstract