bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation and Clearance of Superoxide Radicals at Buried Interfaces of Perovskites with Different Crystal Structures
Authors: Liao Ling , Jin Bo , Guo Zhicheng , Zhao Yang , Zheng Tian , Fan Lisheng , Wang Chengrong , Peng Rufang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOne of the most notorious issues with classic perovskite (MAPbI3) is its rapid degradation caused by generating superoxide radicals (O2•−) on its surface under light and oxygen environments (light/O2). The differences in O2•− generation rate and tolerance to O2•− among perovskite with different structures are pending. For the first time it is validated through solid‐electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) that MAPbI3 and Cs0.175FA0.75MA0.075PbI3 (PVSK) crystals can generate O2•− in an air atmosphere. The rapid degradation of perovskite buried interfaces caused by O2•− dominates the nonexposed air aging process of SnO2‐based perovskite film, and the degradation rate of MAPbI3 film is faster than that of PVSK film. The fullerene pyridine derivatives (C60OPD), which function as a buffer layer between SnO2 and PVSK to scavenge O2•− and prevent degradation at the buried interface of the PVSK film, reduce the density of defect states, and accelerate the transmission of photogenerated electrons. The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) optimizes with C60OPD increased from 21.15% to 23.11% while significantly improving the stability in light/O2. This work reveals the hidden degradation of perovskite‐buried interfaces caused by O2•− and explores efficient ways for perovskite to resist O2•−.
Harnessing Lactobacillus reuteri‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Multifaceted Cancer Treatment
Authors: Yi Soyeon , Jung Eunkyeong , Kim Hyeran , Choi Jinsol , Kim Suhyeon , Lim Eun‐Kyung , Kim Kwang‐Sun , Kang Taejoon , Jung Juyeon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as valuable biological materials for treating intractable diseases. Extensive studies are conducted on EVs derived from various cellular sources. In this study, EVs derived from Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri), a probiotic, exhibit remarkable cancer therapeutic efficacy when administered orally is reported. These L. reuteri‐derived EVs (REVs) demonstrate stability in the gastrointestinal tract and exert significant anti‐tumor effects. Using A549 cells and murine models, we confirmed that REVs mediate their therapeutic effects by modulating apoptotic signaling pathways. Furthermore, the combination of REV with drugs enhances tumor ablation and induces immunogenic cell death. In a mouse model, oral administration of REVs encapsulating indocyanine green followed by photothermal therapy led to complete tumor elimination within 32 days. REVs represent a promising biological therapeutic platform for cancer treatment, either independently or in combination with other therapies, depending on the treatment objectives.
Boosting the Performance and Durability of Fe–N–C Fuel Cell Catalysts via Integrating Mo2C Clusters
Authors: Guo Liming , Wan Xin , Liu Xiaofang , Shang Jiaxiang , Yu Ronghai , Shui Jianglan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarbon‐supported nitrogen‐coordinated iron single‐atom (Fe–N–C) catalysts have been regarded among the most promising platinum‐group‐metal‐free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Nevertheless, their limited intrinsic activity and unsatisfactory stability have hindered their practical applications. Here, it is reported that the integration of Mo2C clusters effectively enhances the ORR activity and stability of Fe–N–C catalysts. The composite catalyst of Fe single atoms and Mo2C clusters co‐embedded on nitrogen‐doped carbon (FeSA/Mo2C–NC) exhibits an excellent ORR activity with a half‐wave potential of 0.82 V in acidic media and a high peak power density of 0.5 W cm−2 in an H2–air PEMFC. Moreover, improved stability is achieved with nearly no decay under H2–air conditions for 80 h at 0.4 V. Experiments with theoretical calculations elucidate that the etching effect of the phosphomolybdic acid precursor optimizes the pore size distribution of the composite catalyst, thereby exposing more active sites. The Mo2C clusters modulate the electronic configuration of the Fe–N4 sites, optimizing adsorption energy for ORR intermediates and strengthening the Fe–N bond to mitigate demetalation. This work provides valuable insights into the construction of single‐atom/nanoaggregate hybrid catalysts for efficient energy‐related applications.
Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction, Functional Properties, and Antioxidant Activity of Naematelia aurantialba Polysaccharides
Authors: Huang Guichun , Guo Zhongxia , Tan Jia'na , Xu Qingrui , Wei Chaoyang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNaematelia aurantialba (N. aurantialba) is a fungus rich in polysaccharides with medicinal and edible properties. Polysaccharides are the main active components of N. aurantialba; however, their biological activities and functional properties have not been widely explored. In this study, the ultrasonic extraction process for N. aurantialba polysaccharides (NAP) is optimized, and the physicochemical, functional, and antioxidant activities of the homogeneous fraction (NAP) are investigated. The optimal extraction conditions are a liquid–solid ratio of 50 mL g−1, ultrasonic power of 430 W, ultrasonic time of 32 min, resulting in an extraction rate of N. aurantialba polysaccharides of 48.68% ± 0.83%. NAP has a molecular weight of 915 kDa. The monosaccharide composition of NAP is as follows: mannose (59.04% ± 0.12%), xylose (23.89% ± 0.03%), glucuronic acid (14.07% ± 0.24%), galacturonic acid (2.12% ± 0.02%), and glucose (0.76% ± 0.02%). NAP exhibites water and oil retention capacities of 14.62 ± 0.25 g g−1 and 23.73 ± 0.85 g g−1, respectively. Furthermore, NAP demonstrates favorable moisture absorption and retention properties. The results show that NAP has a significantly stronger antioxidant effect, as demonstrated by its concentration‐dependent scavenging of ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals.
A Study on Veterinary Faculty Students’ Opinions on Ethics Education and Career Choices: A Case of Ondokuz Mayıs University
Authors: Yıldırım Sefa , Melikoğlu Gölcü Berfin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundVeterinary ethics is a multifaceted element of the veterinary profession as it deals with various ethical issues related to medical practice, animal welfare, professional behaviour and societal expectations. By focusing on teaching ethics in veterinary medicine education, it will be possible to guide future veterinarians through the ethical dilemmas and conflicts they may encounter in their careers.ObjectivesTo evaluate the opinions of the Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine intern students about ethics education in veterinary medicine. Evaluation and comparison of the perspective on ethics education and career choice.MethodsA cross‐sectional descriptive survey design was used to collect data via a questionnaire. Data obtained from 87 out of 119 students in the intern programme were evaluated. Responses were analysed by statistical methods.ResultsIn the study, it was determined that pet veterinary services (private sector) and government veterinary services (public sector) were the leading career choices of intern veterinary students; female and male students wanted to turn to different fields of work; and the difference in career preferences did not change the views on ethics education. It was observed that students needed applied teaching and measurement‐evaluation methods in ethics education and sought role models in developing ethical attitudes and behaviours. In addition to gaining ethical knowledge in veterinary education, it was observed that they attach importance to professional and legal obligations.ConclusionsThis study is one of the few studies on veterinary ethics education and career choice in Turkey. The study results provide information to guide the development of veterinary ethics education to prepare future veterinarians for the complex ethical issues they will face in their careers.
Analytical Solution for the Cost Optimal Electric Energy Storage Size Based on the Effective Energy Shift (EfES) Algorithm
Authors: Fellerer Jonathan , German Reinhard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The importance of Electric Energy Storage (EES) for the transformation to an energy grid with a large share of Renewable Energy Source (RES) has been studied and shown for many decades. While larger storage systems might provide more energetic benefits for the overall grid, they also require higher investment and capital costs. Hence the question of the cost-optimal size of EES and RES is commonly stated in public debates and the related literature. This minimization problem is mainly solved by combining simulation and optimization methods. Even though this enables the analysis of highly complex scenarios, the configuration and computation time are high, and many of the found methods are not reproducible. Within our paper, we introduce an analytical solution for calculating the cost-optimal capacity of an EES that is derived from results computed by the Effective Energy Shift (EfES) algorithm.
Firewalls at exponentially late times
Authors: Blommaert Andreas , Chen Chang-Han , Nomura Yasunori 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We consider a version of the typical state firewall setup recently reintroduced by Stanford and Yang, who found that wormholes may create firewalls. We examine a late-time scaling limit in JT gravity in which one can resum the expansion in the number of wormholes, and we use this to study the exact distribution of interior slices at times exponential in the entropy. We consider a thermofield double with and without early perturbations on a boundary. These perturbations can appear on interior slices as dangerous high energy shockwaves. For exponentially late times, wormholes tend to teleport the particles created by perturbations and render the interior more dangerous. In states with many perturbations separated by large times, the probability of a safe interior is exponentially small, even though these would be safe without wormholes. With perturbation, even in the safest state we conceive, the odds of encountering a shock are fifty-fifty. One interpretation of the phenomenon is that wormholes can change time-ordered contours into effective out-of-time-ordered folds, making shockwaves appear in unexpected places.
Therapy concepts in type 1 diabetes mellitus treatment: disease modifying versus curative approaches
Authors: Lenzen Sigurd , Jörns Anne 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor many autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), efforts have been made to modify the disease process through pharmacotherapy. The ultimate goal must be to develop therapies with curative potential by achieving an organ without signs of parenchymal cell destruction and without signs of immune cell infiltration. In the case of the pancreas, this means regenerated and well-preserved beta cells in the islets without activated infiltrating immune cells. Recent research has opened up the prospect of successful antibody combination therapy for autoimmune diabetes with curative potential. This goal cannot be achieved with monotherapies. The requirements for the implementation of such a therapy with curative potential for the benefit of patients with T1DM and LADA (latent autoimmune diabetes in adults) are considered.
Fasting as an intervention to alter the impact of simulated night-shift work on glucose metabolism in healthy adults: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Centofanti Stephanie , Heilbronn Leonie K. , Wittert Gary , Dorrian Jillian , Coates Alison M. , Kennaway David , Gupta Charlotte , Stepien Jacqueline M. , Catcheside Peter , Yates Crystal , Grosser Linda , Matthews Raymond W. , Banks Siobhan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Night-shift work causes circadian misalignment and impairs glucose metabolism. We hypothesise that food intake during night shifts may contribute to this phenomenon.

Methods
This open-label, multi-arm, single-site, parallel-group controlled trial involved a 6 day stay at the University of South Australia’s sleep laboratory (Adelaide, SA, Australia). Healthy, non-shift-working adults without obesity (N=55; age 24.5 ± 4.8 years; BMI 24.8 ± 2.8 kg/m2) were assigned to the next available run date and cluster randomised (1:1:1) to fasting-at-night (N=20), snack-at-night (N=17), or meal-at-night (N=18) conditions. One participant withdrew from each group, prior to starting the study. Due to study design, neither participants nor people collecting their measurements could be blinded. Statistical and laboratory staff were concealed to study allocation. Participants were fed at calculated energy balance, with the macronutrient composition of meals being similar across conditions. The primary outcomes were a linear mixed-effects model of glucose, insulin and NEFA AUC in response to a 75 g OGTT that was conducted prior to and after 4 consecutive nights of shift work plus 1 night of recovery sleep. Insulin sensitivity, insulinogenic and disposition indexes were also calculated.

Results
Night-shift work impaired insulin sensitivity, as measured by insulin AUC (p=0.035) and the insulin sensitivity index (p=0.016) across all conditions. Insulin secretion, as measured by the insulinogenic index, was increased in the fasting-at-night condition only (p=0.030), resulting in a day×condition interaction in glucose AUC (p<0.001) such that glucose tolerance was impaired in the meal-at night (+2.00 [95% CI 1.45, 2.56], p<0.001) and snack at-night (+0.96 [0.36, 1.56], p=0.022) conditions vs the fasting-at-night (+0.34 [–0.21, 0.89]) condition. A day×condition interaction was also observed in NEFA AUC (p<0.001), being higher in the meal-at-night (+0.07 [0.03, 0.10]. p=0.001) and snack-at-night (0.01 [–0.03, 0.05], p=0.045) conditions vs the fasting-at-night condition (–0.02 [–0.06, 0.01]). No adverse events occurred.

Conclusions/interpretation
The timing of food intake has a critical effect on glucose metabolism during simulated night-shift work, which was readily amendable to a meal re-timing intervention.

Trial Registration
Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) ACTRN12616001556437

Funding
This work was funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), APP1099077.

Graphical Abstract
A critical review of wastewater-based epidemiology as a tool to evaluate the unintentional human exposure to potentially harmful chemicals
Authors: Carneiro Rodrigo B. , Nika Maria-Christina , Gil-Solsona Rubén , Diamanti Konstantina S. , Thomaidis Nikolaos S. , Corominas Lluís , Gago-Ferrero Pablo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a powerful tool to gather epidemiological insights at the community level, providing objective data on population exposure to harmful substances. A considerable portion of the human exposure to these potentially harmful chemicals occurs unintentionally, unlike substances such as pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, or alcohol. In this context, this comprehensive review analyzes WBE studies focused on classes of organic chemicals to which humans are unintentionally exposed, namely organophosphorus flame retardants, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), benzotriazoles and benzothiazoles, phthalates and terephthalates, benzophenones, pesticides, bisphenols, and parabens. The review highlights some advantages of WBE for public health surveillance, e.g., non-invasive analysis, predictive capability, nearly real-time data, population-wide insights, no ethical approval, and unbiased sampling. It also discusses challenges and future research directions in WBE regarding exposure to harmful chemicals from various sources. The review emphasizes the critical role of wastewater sampling, sample preparation, quality control, and instrumental analysis in achieving accurate and reliable results. Furthermore, it examines the selection of human biomarkers for WBE studies and explores strategies to link WBE with human biomonitoring (HBM), which together enhance both the precision and effectiveness of exposure assessments.
Are white matter hyperintensities associated with neuroborreliosis? The answer is twofold
Authors: Lindland Elisabeth S. , Røvang Martin S. , Solheim Anne Marit , Andreassen Silje , Skarstein Ingerid , Dareez Nazeer , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Eikeland Randi , Ljøstad Unn , Mygland Åse , Bos Steffan D. , Ulvestad Elling , Reiso Harald , Lorentzen Åslaug R. , Harbo Hanne F. , Bjørnerud Atle , Beyer Mona K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Many consider white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) to be important imaging findings in neuroborreliosis. However, evidence regarding association with WMHs is of low quality. The objective was to investigate WMHs in neuroborreliosis visually and quantitatively.

Materials and methods
Patients underwent brain MRI within one month of diagnosis and six months after treatment. Healthy controls were recruited. WMHs were counted by visual rating and the volume was calculated from automatic segmentation. Biochemical markers and scores for clinical symptoms and findings were used to explore association with longitudinal volume change of WMHs.

Results
The study included 74 patients (37 males) with early neuroborreliosis and 65 controls (30 males). Mean age (standard deviation) was 57.4 (13.5) and 57.7 (12.9) years, respectively. Baseline WMH lesion count was zero in 14 patients/16 controls, < 10 in 36/31, 10–20 in 9/7 and > 20 in 13/11, with no difference between groups (p = 0.90). However, from baseline to follow-up the patients had a small reduction in WMH volume and the controls a small increase, median difference 0.136 (95% confidence interval 0.051–0.251) ml. In patients, volume change was not associated with biochemical or clinical markers, but with degree of WMHs (p values 0.002–0.01).

Conclusion
WMH lesions were not more numerous in patients with neuroborreliosis compared to healthy controls. However, there was a small reduction of WMH volume from baseline to follow-up among patients, which was associated with higher baseline WMH severity, but not with disease burden or outcome. Overall, non-specific WMHs should not be considered suggestive of neuroborreliosis.
Time-dependent simulation of blood flow through an abdominal aorta with iliac arteries
Authors: Górski Grzegorz , Kucab Krzysztof 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAtherosclerosis is one of the important diseases of the circulatory system because atherosclerotic plaques cause significant disruption of blood flow. Therefore, it is very important to properly understand these processes and skillfully simulate blood flow. In our work, we consider blood flow through an abdominal aorta with iliac arteries, assuming that the right iliac artery is narrowed by an atherosclerotic lesion. Blood flow is simulated using the laminar, standard $$k-\omega$$

k
-
ω

and standard $$k-\epsilon$$

k
-
ϵ

models. The obtained results show that despite the use of identical initial conditions, the distribution of velocity flow and wall shear stress depends on the choice of flow simulation model. For the $$k-\epsilon$$

k
-
ϵ

model, we obtain higher values of speed and wall shear stress on atherosclerotic plaque than in the other two models. The laminar and $$k-\omega$$

k
-
ω

models predict larger areas where reverse blood flow occurs in the area behind the atherosclerotic lesion. This effect is associated with negative wall shear stress. These two models give very similar results. The results obtained by us, and those reported in the literature, indicate that $$k-\omega$$

k
-
ω

model is the most suitable for blood flow analysis.
Modelling the Effects of Forest use Change on Brownification of Finnish Rivers under Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Rankinen Katri , Cano Bernal Jose E. , Holmberg Maria , Nordling Magnus , Schulz Torsti , Mäkelä Annikki , Mikkonen Ninni , Kujala Heini , Jackson-Blake Leah , de Wit Heleen A. , Forsius Martin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Browning of surface waters due to increased terrestrial loading of dissolved organic matter (DOM) is observed across the Northern Hemisphere. The effects influence several ecosystem services from freshwater productivity to water purification. Brownification is often explained by changes in large-scale anthropogenic pressures and ecosystem functioning (acidification, climate change, and land cover changes). This study examined the effect of forest use changes on water browning in Finland, considering the effects of global pressures. Our goal was to find the ecosystems and geographic areas that are most sensitive to environmental pressures that increase the loading of DOM. We were also looking for land use strategies that decrease browning. We combined mathematical watershed modelling to scenarios of climate change, atmospheric deposition, and forest use change. Changes included scenarios of forest harvest and protection on forest, that were derived from European Union’s regulation. The study area covered 20 watersheds from south to north of Finland. In northern Finland brownification continue. In southern Finland global influence (atmospheric deposition, climate change) seem to weaken, giving more space for local forest use change having an influence on brownification. Forest use change was more influential in river basins dominated by organic soils than in mineral soils. Extending forest protection decreased brownification especially in areas where the influence of atmospheric pressure is decreasing. When forest protection is planned to provide a carbon storage and sequestration potential and to favor biodiversity, it has favorable effect on surface water quality as well.
MRI deep learning models for assisted diagnosis of knee pathologies: a systematic review
Authors: Mead Keiley , Cross Tom , Roger Greg , Sabharwal Rohan , Singh Sahaj , Giannotti Nicola 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Despite showing encouraging outcomes, the precision of deep learning (DL) models using different convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for diagnosis remains under investigation. This systematic review aims to summarise the status of DL MRI models developed for assisting the diagnosis of a variety of knee abnormalities.

Materials and methods
Five databases were systematically searched, employing predefined terms such as ‘Knee AND 3D AND MRI AND DL’. Selected inclusion criteria were used to screen publications by title, abstract, and full text. The synthesis of results was performed by two independent reviewers.

Results
Fifty-four articles were included. The studies focused on anterior cruciate ligament injuries (n = 19, 36%), osteoarthritis (n = 9, 17%), meniscal injuries (n = 13, 24%), abnormal knee appearance (n = 11, 20%), and other (n = 2, 4%). The DL models in this review primarily used the following CNNs: ResNet (n = 11, 21%), VGG (n = 6, 11%), DenseNet (n = 4, 8%), and DarkNet (n = 3, 6%). DL models showed high-performance metrics compared to ground truth. DL models for the detection of a specific injury outperformed those by up to 4.5% for general abnormality detection.

Conclusion
Despite the varied study designs used among the reviewed articles, DL models showed promising outcomes in the assisted detection of selected knee pathologies by MRI. This review underscores the importance of validating these models with larger MRI datasets to close the existing gap between current DL model performance and clinical requirements.

Key Points
QuestionWhat is the status of DL model availability for knee pathology detection in MRI and their clinical potential?
FindingsPathology-specific DL models reported higher accuracy compared to DL models for the detection of general abnormalities of the knee. DL model performance was mainly influenced by the quantity and diversity of data available for model training.
Clinical relevanceThese findings should encourage future developments to improve patient care, support personalised diagnosis and treatment, optimise costs, and advance artificial intelligence-based medical imaging practices.

Graphical Abstract