bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The LGBT Politics of Religious Nones
Authors: Schwadel Philip , Burke Kelsy , Kazyak Emily 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Although nonreligious Americans are more likely than religious Americans to support LGBT rights, we know little about variation among the nonreligious. Research points to large political differences among nonreligious Americans, which could extend to views of LGBT rights. Using nationally representative survey data, we find that atheists are sometimes more supportive of LGBT rights than are agnostics; atheists and agnostics are consistently more supportive than the “nothing in particular” (NIPs); and atheists, agnostics, and NIPs are more supportive than most religious Americans. Political orientation partially mediates these associations but robust differences among the nonreligious and between the nonreligious and various religious affiliates remain after controlling for politics. We conclude by noting that just as evangelical Protestants occupy a unique position among the religiously affiliated, atheists are distinct from other nonreligious Americans in their views of LGBT rights, while NIPs more closely align with the religiously affiliated.
Assembly and Evaluation of a Confocal Microscopy Image Analysis Pipeline Useful in Revealing the Secrets of Plant-Fungal Interactions
Authors: Nelson Ashley C. , Kariyawasam Gayan K. , Wyatt Nathan A. , Li Jinling , Haueisen Janine , Stukenbrock Eva H. , Borowicz Pawel , Liu Zhaohui , Friesen Timothy L. 
Published: September 2024

The ability of laser scanning confocal microscopy to generate high-contrast 2D and 3D images has become essential in studying plant-fungal interactions. Techniques such as visualization of native fluorescence, fluorescent protein tagging of microbes, green fluorescent protein (GFP)/red fluorescent protein (RFP)-fusion proteins, and fluorescent labeling of plant and fungal proteins have been widely used to aid in these investigations. Use of fluorescent proteins has several pitfalls, including variability of expression in planta and the requirement of gene transformation. Here, we used the unlabeled pathogens Parastagonospora nodorum, Pyrenophora teres f. teres, and Cercospora beticola infecting wheat, barley, and sugar beet, respectively, to show the utility of a staining and imaging pipeline that uses propidium iodide (PI), which stains RNA and DNA, and wheat germ agglutinin labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (WGA-FITC), which stains chitin, to visualize fungal colonization of plants. This pipeline relies on the use of KOH to remove the cutin layer of the leaf, increasing its permeability, allowing the different stains to penetrate and effectively bind to their targets, resulting in a consistent visualization of cellular structures. To expand the utility of this pipeline, we used the staining techniques in conjunction with machine learning to analyze fungal biomass through volume analysis, as well as quantifying nuclear breakdown, an early indicator of programmed cell death (PCD). This pipeline is simple to use, robust, consistent across host and fungal species, and can be applied to most plant-fungal interactions. Therefore, this pipeline can be used to characterize model systems as well as nonmodel interactions where transformation is not routine. [Formula: see text] The author(s) have dedicated the work to the public domain under the Creative Commons CC0 “No Rights Reserved” license by waiving all of his or her rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law, 2024.
Green carbon and the chemical industry of the future
Authors: Sheldon Roger A. 
Published: September 2024

The pressing need to mitigate climate change and drastically reduce environmental pollution and loss of biodiversity has precipitated a so-called energy transition aimed at the decarbonization of energy and defossilization of the chemical industry. The goal is a carbon-neutral (net-zero) society driven by sustainable energy and a circular bio-based economy relying on renewable biomass as the raw material. It will involve the use of green carbon, defined as carbon derived from terrestrial or aquatic biomass or organic waste, including carbon dioxide and methane emissions. It will also necessitate the accompanying use of green hydrogen that is generated by electrolysis of water using a sustainable source of energy, e.g. solar, wind or nuclear. Ninety per cent of the industrial chemicals produced in oil refineries are industrial monomers that constitute the precursors of a large variety of polymers, many of which are plastics. Primary examples of the latter are polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride and polystyrene. Polyolefins are extremely difficult to recycle back to the olefin monomers and discarded polyolefin plastics generally end up as the plastic waste that is responsible for the degradation of our natural habitat. By contrast, waste biomass, such as the lignocellulose contained in forestry residues and agricultural waste, constitutes a renewable feedstock for the sustainable production of industrial monomers and the corresponding polymers. The latter could be the same polyolefins that are currently produced in oil refineries but a more attractive long-term alternative is to produce polyesters and polyamides that can be recycled back to the original monomers: a paradigm shift to a truly bio-based circular economy on the road to a net-zero chemical industry.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Green carbon for the chemical industry of the future’.
Towards a unified carbon accounting landscape
Authors: McDonald Lewis J. , Hernandez Galvan Jose Luis , Emelue Chukwudi , Pinto Ariane S. S. , Mehta Neha , Ibn-Mohammed Taofeeq , Fender Thomas , Radcliffe Jonathan , Choudhary Alok , McManus Marcelle C. 
Published: September 2024

The overarching purpose of carbon accounting is to reduce carbon emissions to meet net-zero targets and minimize the impact of climate change. However, the plethora of methods and approaches used means that products and systems sometimes cannot easily be compared. The mix of regional and life cycle-based systems can mean that we lack global oversight of our emissions and impact. In some situations where a regional approach is used, industry/business/regions are incentivized to reduce their own/territorial emissions, which can mean that an optimal global solution is not adopted. Countries where grid emissions are higher can be selected for production because it reduces regional (not global) carbon levels. Furthermore, these can be areas where the climate impact may be felt the most: not the just transition we aspire to. Our work provides an analysis of the current system together with its challenges and limitations, paving the way towards a more unified framework to create climate justice together with transparent and comparable accounting methodology for industry and regions alike.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Green carbon for the chemical industry of the future’.
An alternative to petrochemicals: biomass electrovalorization
Authors: Mukadam Zamaan , Scott Soren B. , Titirici Maria Magdalena , Stephens Ifan E. L. 
Published: September 2024

Replacing petrochemicals with refined waste biomass as a sustainable chemical source has become an attractive option to lower global carbon emissions. Popular methods of refining lignocellulosic waste biomass use thermochemical processes, which have significant environmental downsides. Using electrochemistry instead would overcome many of these downsides, directly driving chemical reactions with renewable electricity and revolutionizing the way many chemicals are produced today. This review mainly focuses on two furanic platform chemicals that are produced from the dehydration of cellulose, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural, which can be electrochemically reduced or oxidized to replace fuels and monomers that today are obtained from petrochemicals. Critical parameters such as electrode materials and electrolyte pH are discussed in relation to their influence on conversion efficiency and product distribution.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Green carbon for the chemical industry of the future’.
Carbon dioxide and hydrogen as building blocks for a sustainable interface of energy and chemistry
Authors: Leitner Walter 
Published: September 2024

Hydrogen as energy vector from renewable sources and carbon dioxide as carbon source are central elements of a future sustainable interface between energy and chemistry. While often viewed merely as “substitutes” for fossil resources, the current article discusses opportunities to open new synthetic pathways and to generate novel molecular architectures for the delivery of the same or even improved functionalities expected from chemical products. Catalysis is the key science and technology in this endeavour and three general principles for the desing of catalytic systems are proposed as guidelines for fundamental research.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Green carbon for the chemical industry of the future’.
Mission-oriented innovation for sustainable polymers in liquid formulation
Authors: Massey-Brooker Anju , Conway Rowan 
Published: September 2024

Industrial chemical producers and formulators are increasingly conscious of their responsibility in stewarding planetary resources and minimizing harm to the environment. In 2019, the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) engaged an industry task force from across the value chain to drive technical research to classify a new class of polymer—polymers in liquid formulation (PLFs). Building on this, the task force called for step change in sustainability practices for PLFs and instigated a design and development process to identify research themes and priorities that could accelerate innovation in this area. However, a key challenge was that as a novel classification, PLFs were largely unknown outside the chemistry community and entirely absent from the mainstream research agenda. To establish the demand-pull requirements of the value chain for sustainable PLFs, the RSC used a ‘mission-oriented’ innovation framework to enable the taskforce to co-design an ideal-type portfolio of research and innovation projects, and to set out a realistic roadmap for transition. This perspective article presents a summary of the activities carried out by the task force in its pursuit of mission-oriented innovation for PLFs and describes the strategic design method used to enable cross-value chain consensus on action for PLF sustainability, build system-wide innovation ecosystems and explore common-good scenarios.
This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Green carbon for the chemical industry of the future’.
Re-analyzedAPOL1kidney data support new ethics of ‘race’
Authors: Burke Cyril O. , Tanzer Joshua Ray , Toffaletti John G. , Burke Leanne M. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVESResearch on ‘racial’ differences and racialized diseases often stresses genetics over social conditions, perhaps because some medical journals limit (or exclude) as social ‘Commentary’ discussion of ‘race’ as a proxy for social determinants of health. Yet, anthropology research shows that ‘race’ is socially constructed. From before birth, persistent US ‘racial’ segregation racializes health, education, employment, and access.We hypothesized that selective recruitment into US military service, equal opportunity for military training and jobs, and earned access to Veterans Administration Healthcare could mitigate ‘racial’ differences created by racialized early-life deprivations and harms (i.e., social determinants of health). We examined veteran status and the starkest ‘racial’ disparity in healthcare—chronic kidney disease.METHODSFirst, we defined terms to ensure cross-cultural clarity by orienting international colleagues to the semantics of socially constructed ‘race’ (in Europe) and overt and subtle racialization of health (in the US). Second, we removed ‘race correction’ from estimated glomerular filtration rate and kidney failure under more equal conditions of US veterans. Third, we used data re-analysis and close examination of social cofactors to suggest alternative mechanisms for links between socially constructed ‘race’, apolipoprotein L1 gene variants, and racialized kidney disease.RESULTSOur research found no ‘racial’ disparity in kidney failure under more equal social conditions and that geographically localized “ancestry markers” may proxy for ‘race’. ‘Colorism’ may be associated with apolipoprotein L1 variants linked to ‘racial’ (e.g., pigmentary) genes.CONCLUSIONSUnder equal conditions, comparable outcomes should be the expected norm for all, regardless of socially constructed ‘race’, ethnicity, or nationality. Disparity between socially constructed categories implies disparate social conditions. International collaboration to discourage misuse of socially constructed ‘race’ in medical care and research is an actionable Population Health initiative with potentially high impact but low effort and cost.STRENGTHS OF THIS STUDYReminds readers of cross-cultural conflicts in socially constructed ‘race’.Introduces international observers to racialization of health in the US.Re-analyzes socially constructed ‘race’ under more equal conditions.Applies new ethics, recommended by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, to older research on socially constructed ‘race’.Abstract Figure
Automating Individualized Patient Notification of Drug Recalls: Complex Challenges
Authors: Gadgil Meghana D. , Pavlakos Rose , Carini Simona , Turner Brian , Elder Ileana , Hess William , Houle Lisa , Huff Lavonia , Johanson Elaine , Jones Carole , Liang Daphne , Ogonowski Pamela , Phipps Joshua , Peryea Tyler , Sim Ida 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundConsumer-level drug recalls usually require action by individual patients. FDA has public-facing outlets to inform consumers and healthcare professionals about drug safety information including recalls, but consumers may not be aware of them. Prescribers are not notified about which of their patients are affected. The process may lead some patients to stop taking their medications.AimTo leverage the FDA’s Healthy Citizen prototype platform, which provides information about recalls, to automatically notify patients of relevant recalls.MethodWe developed and evaluated an electronic notification system in the Primary Care and Cardiology practices at a large urban, academic medical center. Using structured interviews, we assessed qualitative feedback on the system and portal messaging from a convenience sample of 9 patients.ResultsProgram DescriptionThe healthcare portal scanned the FDA Healthy Citizen Application Programming Interface nightly to detect new recalls, identified patients who had those medications in their electronic health record (EHR) medication list, and sent them a message through the EHR patient portal with a link to a customized FDA information display.Program EvaluationThe system was technically functional, but it was not possible to trace a medication prescription from the EHR to specific lot numbers dispensed to that patient by a community pharmacy.DiscussionLack of an accurate electronic audit trail from prescription to dispensed medication precludes clinical deployment of automated drug recall notification.
In vivo assessment of cardiac radiofrequency ablation in a large-animal model using photoacoustic-ultrasound imaging
Authors: Mathuria Nilesh , Vishwanath Krithik , Fallon Blake C. , Martino Antonio , Brero Giorgio , Willson Richard C. , Valderrabano Miguel , Filgueira Carly S. , Bouchard Richard R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOne of the fundamental unmet clinical needs within cardiac electrophysiology is intraoperative assessment of catheter ablation, which can lead to recurrent arrhythmias and subsequent complications if ineffective. This work demonstrates photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) lesions in anin vivoswine model (n=3). Spectral unmixing of PAI data provides local myocardial characterization (e.g., oxygen saturation & tissue ablation) by overlaying unmixed PAI images with B-mode ultrasound imaging (PAI/US), with the latter providing anatomical context. Based on stained gross pathology, areas of central tissue necrosis coincided with increases in unmixed ablated regions of the myocardium. An average contrast-to-noise ratio of 2.8±0.2 confirmed lesion detectability, while the lesion dimensions quantified from PAI and pathology did not present significant differences.In vivoPAI of RFA lesions to determine ablation characteristics could lead to a paradigm shift in catheter ablation assessment and improve clinical outcomes.
Introduction of the topic of snake bite and envenomation in medical curriculum using a problem-based learning approach
Authors: Thantry Anita Devi Krishnan , Lin Wai Marr , Zahadi Raja Norazura Raja 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionSnake bite is a neglected tropical disease of Asia and African countries. The risk factors, disease burden, pathology, clinical management aspects of the condition deserve to be emphasized in the medical curriculum especially in the tropical countries. In Malaysia, there are at least 18 different species of venomous land snakes among which cobra bites and Malayan pit viper bites predominate. The coverage of snake bite envenomation in medical school curriculum is inadequate judging from the poor knowledge among health care providers. PBL is an instructional mode where “triggers” from a problem case is used to define learning objectives. PBL enables students to understand the relevance of underlying scientific knowledge and principles in clinical practice.MethodsWe attempted the delivery of topic of snake bite to 100 students in Year 1 module “Body reactions to Various Agents” using a problem-based learning (PBL) approach. The PBL case was designed; conducted according to standard format. The students were evaluated during the first and second session according to standard format. A questionnaire on the various aspects of the case, group work and facilitator was circulated and survey was based on the Likert scale. Problem based question on the same topic was used in end of block examination to assess knowledge assimilation.Results and conclusionThe study showed a positive response in the students’ attitude, perception and gain of knowledge on the topic of snake bite envenomation. Problem based learning was considered an enjoyable and well-suited model for the delivery of the topic. The paucity of student friendly and medically relevant literature in textbooks and E-resources was highlighted by the students. The student score for the PBL sessions was high while the marks scored for the problem –based question showed a significant positive association between the top-scorers of the year group and the PBQ marks (p > 0.05). The PBL method is proven to improve the affective skills in the students while the cognitive skills improvement is not enhanced.
Real-time detection of spoken speech from unlabeled ECoG signals: A pilot study with an ALS participant
Authors: Angrick Miguel , Luo Shiyu , Rabbani Qinwan , Joshi Shreya , Candrea Daniel N. , Milsap Griffin W. , Gordon Chad R. , Rosenblatt Kathryn , Clawson Lora , Maragakis Nicholas , Tenore Francesco V. , Fifer Matthew S. , Ramsey Nick F. , Crone Nathan E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjective. Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) hold significant promise for restoring communication in individuals with partial or complete loss of the ability to speak due to paralysis from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), brainstem stroke, and other neurological disorders. Many of the approaches to speech decoding reported in the BCI literature have required time-aligned target representations to allow successful training – a major challenge when translating such approaches to people who have already lost their voice.Approach. In this pilot study, we made a first step toward scenarios in which no ground truth is available. We utilized a graph-based clustering approach to identify temporal segments of speech production from electrocorticographic (ECoG) signals alone. We then used the estimated speech segments to train a voice activity detection (VAD) model using only ECoG signals. We evaluated our approach using held-out open-loop recordings of a single dysarthric clinical trial participant living with ALS, and we compared the resulting performance to previous solutions trained with ground truth acoustic voice recordings.Main results. Our approach achieves a median error rate of around 0.5 seconds with respect to the actual spoken speech. Embedded into a real-time BCI, our approach is capable of providing VAD results with a latency of only 10 ms.Significance. To the best of our knowledge, our results show for the first time that speech activity can be predicted purely from unlabeled ECoG signals, a crucial step toward individuals who cannot provide this information anymore due to their neurological condition, such as patients with locked-in syndrome.Clinical Trial Information. ClinicalTrials.gov, registration numberNCT03567213.
Autologous P63+ lung progenitor cell transplantation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a phase 1 clinical trial
Authors: Zhang Shiyu , Zhou Min , Shao Chi , Zhao Yu , Liu Mingzhe , Ni Lei , Bao Zhiyao , Zhang Qiurui , Zhang Ting , Luo Qun , Qu Jieming , Xu Zuojun , Zuo Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients, alveolar epithelium architectures are persistently lost and lung gas transfer function would decline over time, which cannot be rescued by conventional anti-fibrotic therapy. P63+ airway basal progenitor cells are previously reported to have great potential to repair damaged lung epithelium. Here, we successfully cloned and expanded the autologous P63+ progenitor cells from IPF patients to manufacture the cell therapeutic product REGEND001, which were further characterized by cell morphology and single-cell transcriptomic analysis. Subsequently, an open-label, dose-escalation autologous progenitor cell transplantation clinical trial (CTR20210349) was conducted. The primary outcome was the incidence and severity of the cell therapy-related adverse events (AEs); secondary outcome included other safety and efficacy evaluation in each dose groups. We treated 12 patients with ascending doses of cells: 0.6x, 1x, 2x and 3.3× 106cells/kg bodyweight. The data revealed that P63+ basal progenitor cell was safe and well tolerated at all doses, with no dose-limiting toxicity or cell therapy-related severe adverse events observed. Patients in the three higher dose groups showed statistically significant improvement of lung gas transfer function as well as exercise ability after REGEND001 therapy. Resolution of honeycomb lesion was also observed in patients of higher dose groups. Altogether these results indicated that REGEND001 has high safety profile and meanwhile encourages further efficacy exploration in IPF patients.