bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Skeletal muscle function during the progression of cancer cachexia in the male ApcMin/+ mouse
Authors: VanderVeen Brandon N. , Hardee Justin P. , Fix Dennis K. , Carson James A. 
Published: November 2017

While cancer-induced skeletal muscle wasting has been widely investigated, the drivers of cancer-induced muscle functional decrements are only beginning to be understood. Decreased muscle function impacts cancer patient quality of life and health status, and several potential therapeutics have failed in clinical trials due to a lack of functional improvement. Furthermore, systemic inflammation and intrinsic inflammatory signaling’s role in the cachectic disruption of muscle function requires further investigation. We examined skeletal muscle functional properties during cancer cachexia and determined their relationship to systemic and intrinsic cachexia indices. Male ApcMin/+ (MIN) mice were stratified by percent body weight loss into weight stable (WS; <5% loss) or cachectic (CX; >5% loss). Age-matched C57BL/6 littermates served as controls. Tibialis anterior (TA) twitch properties, tetanic force, and fatigability were examined in situ. TA protein and mRNA expression were examined in the nonstimulated leg. CX decreased muscle mass, tetanic force (Po), and specific tetanic force (sPo). Whole body and muscle fatigability were increased in WS and CX. CX had slower contraction rates, +dP/d t and −dP/d t, which were inversely associated with muscle signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 ( STAT3) and p65 activation. STAT3 and p65 activation were also inversely associated with Po. However, STAT3 was not related to sPo or fatigue. Muscle suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 mRNA expression was negatively associated with TA weight, Po, and sPo but not fatigue. Our study demonstrates that multiple functional deficits that occur with cancer cachexia are associated with increased muscle inflammatory signaling. Notably, muscle fatigability is increased in the MIN mouse before cachexia development. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Recent studies have identified decrements in skeletal muscle function during cachexia. We have extended these studies by directly relating decrements in muscle function to established cachexia indices. Our results demonstrate that a slow-fatigable contractile phenotype is developed during the progression of cachexia that coincides with increased muscle inflammatory signaling. Furthermore, regression analysis identified predictors of cancer-induced muscle dysfunction. Last, we report the novel finding that whole body and muscle fatigability were increased before cachexia development.
ERβ Sensitizes NSCLC to Chemotherapy by Regulating DNA Damage Response
Authors: Nikolos Fotis , Thomas Christoforos , Bado Igor , Gustafsson Jan-Åke 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The expression of wild-type estrogen receptor β (ESR2/ERβ1) correlates with clinical outcome in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the molecular mechanism that accounts for this association is currently poorly understood. ERβ1 was previously linked to chemotherapy response in patients with breast cancer and in breast cancer cells. The effect of the receptor in NSCLC cells after chemotherapy treatment, a common remedy for advanced NSCLC, has not been studied. Here, upregulation of ERβ1 increases the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to treatment with doxorubicin and etoposide. This effect was primarily observed in p53-defecient NSCLC cells. In these cells, ERβ1 either enhanced G2–M cell-cycle arrest by activating the checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and altering downstream signaling or induced apoptosis. The expression of p63 target genes that control G2–M checkpoint activation was altered by ERβ1 suggesting an ERβ1–p63 transcriptional cooperation in lung cancer cells that affects DNA damage response (DDR). These results suggest involvement of ERβ1 in the mechanism that regulates DNA damage response in NSCLC cells and support the potential predictive and therapeutic value of the receptor in clinical management of the disease.
Implications: This study demonstrating the impact of ERβ1 on chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells suggests the predictive value of the receptor for successful response of tumors to chemotherapy and the potential benefit of chemotherapy-treated patients from the use of ER ligands. Mol Cancer Res; 16(2); 233–42. ©2017 AACR.
ETV4 Facilitates Cell-Cycle Progression in Pancreatic Cells through Transcriptional Regulation of Cyclin D1
Authors: Tyagi Nikhil , Deshmukh Sachin K. , Srivastava Sanjeev K. , Azim Shafquat , Ahmad Aamir , AL-Ghadhban Ahmed , Singh Ajay P. , Carter James E. , Wang Bin , Singh Seema 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The ETS family transcription factor ETV4 is aberrantly expressed in a variety of human tumors and plays an important role in carcinogenesis through upregulation of relevant target gene expression. Here, it is demonstrated that ETV4 is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissues as compared with the normal pancreas, and is associated with enhanced growth and rapid cell-cycle progression of pancreatic cancer cells. ETV4 expression was silenced through stable expression of a specific short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in two pancreatic cancer cell lines (ASPC1 and Colo357), while it was ectopically expressed in BXPC3 cells. Silencing of ETV4 in ASPC1 and Colo357 cells reduced the growth by 55.3% and 38.9%, respectively, while forced expression of ETV4 in BXPC3 cells increased the growth by 46.8% in comparison with respective control cells. Furthermore, ETV4-induced cell growth was facilitated by rapid transition of cells from G1- to S-phase of the cell cycle. Mechanistic studies revealed that ETV4 directly regulates the expression of Cyclin D1 CCND1, a protein crucial for cell-cycle progression from G1- to S-phase. These effects on the growth and cell cycle were reversed by the forced expression of Cyclin D1 in ETV4-silenced pancreatic cancer cells. Altogether, these data provide the first experimental evidence for a functional role of ETV4 in pancreatic cancer growth and cell-cycle progression.
Implications: The functional and mechanistic data presented here regarding ETV4 in pancreatic cancer growth and cell-cycle progression suggest that ETV4 could serve as a potential biomarker and novel target for pancreatic cancer therapy. Mol Cancer Res; 16(2); 187–96. ©2017 AACR.
Dietary Nutrient Intake, Ethnicity, and Epigenetic Silencing of Lung Cancer Genes Detected in Sputum in New Mexican Smokers
Authors: Leng Shuguang , Picchi Maria A. , Kang Huining , Wu Guodong , Filipczak Piotr T. , Juri Daniel E. , Zhang Xiequn , Gauderman W. James , Gilliland Frank D. , Belinsky Steven A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLung cancer gene methylation detected in sputum assesses field cancerization and predicts lung cancer incidence. Hispanic smokers have higher lung cancer susceptibility compared with non-Hispanic whites (NHW). We aimed to identify novel dietary nutrients affecting lung cancer gene methylation and determine the degree of ethnic disparity in methylation explained by diet. Dietary intakes of 139 nutrients were assessed using a validated Harvard food frequency questionnaire in 327 Hispanics and 1,502 NHWs from the Lovelace Smokers Cohort. Promoter methylation of 12 lung cancer genes was assessed in sputum DNA. A global association was identified between dietary intake and gene methylation (Ppermutation = 0.003). Seventeen nutrient measurements were identified with magnitude of association with methylation greater than that seen for folate. A stepwise approach identified B12, manganese, sodium, and saturated fat as the minimally correlated set of nutrients whose optimal intakes could reduce the methylation by 36% (Ppermutation &lt; 0.001). Six protective nutrients included vitamin D, B12, manganese, magnesium, niacin, and folate. Approximately 42% of ethnic disparity in methylation was explained by insufficient intake of protective nutrients in Hispanics compared with NHWs. Functional validation of protective nutrients showed an enhanced DNA repair capacity toward double-strand DNA breaks, a mechanistic biomarker strongly linked to acquisition of lung cancer gene methylation in smokers. Dietary intake is a major modifiable factor for preventing promoter methylation of lung cancer genes in smokers' lungs. Complex dietary supplements could be developed on the basis of these protective nutrients for lung cancer chemoprevention in smokers. Hispanic smokers may benefit the most from this complex for reducing their lung cancer susceptibility. Cancer Prev Res; 11(2); 93–102. ©2017 AACR.
Non–Endoplasmic Reticulum–Based Calr (Calreticulin) Can Coordinate Heterocellular Calcium Signaling and Vascular Function
Authors: Biwer Lauren A. , Good Miranda E. , Hong Kwangseok , Patel Rahul K. , Agrawal Neha , Looft-Wilson Robin , Sonkusare Swapnil K. , Isakson Brant E. 
Published: November 2017

Objective—
In resistance arteries, endothelial cell (EC) extensions can make contact with smooth muscle cells, forming myoendothelial junction at holes in the internal elastic lamina (HIEL). At these HIEL, calcium signaling is tightly regulated. Because Calr (calreticulin) can buffer ≈50% of endoplasmic reticulum calcium and is expressed throughout IEL holes in small arteries, the only place where myoendothelial junctions form, we investigated the effect of EC-specific Calr deletion on calcium signaling and vascular function.

Approach and Results—
We found Calr expressed in nearly every IEL hole in third-order mesenteric arteries, but not other ER markers. Because of this, we generated an EC-specific, tamoxifen inducible, Calr knockout mouse (EC Calr Δ/Δ). Using this mouse, we tested third-order mesenteric arteries for changes in calcium events at HIEL and vascular reactivity after application of CCh (carbachol) or PE (phenylephrine). We found that arteries from EC Calr Δ/Δ mice stimulated with CCh had unchanged activity of calcium signals and vasodilation; however, the same arteries were unable to increase calcium events at HIEL in response to PE. This resulted in significantly increased vasoconstriction to PE, presumably because of inhibited negative feedback. In line with these observations, the EC Calr Δ/Δ had increased blood pressure. Comparison of ER calcium in arteries and use of an ER-specific GCaMP indicator in vitro revealed no observable difference in ER calcium with Calr knockout. Using selective detergent permeabilization of the artery and inhibition of Calr translocation, we found that the observed Calr at HIEL may not be within the ER.

Conclusions—
Our data suggest that Calr specifically at HIEL may act in a non-ER dependent manner to regulate arteriolar heterocellular communication and blood pressure.
Menopause Characteristics, Total Reproductive Years, and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Chinese Women
Authors: Yang Ling , Lin Liling , Kartsonaki Christiana , Guo Yu , Chen Yiping , Bian Zheng , Xie Kaixu , Jin Donghui , Li Liming , Lv Jun , Chen Zhengming 
Published: November 2017

Background—
Previous studies, mostly of Western women, have reported inconsistent findings on the association of menopause characteristics (status, age, and time since menopause) and total reproductive years with risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods and Results—

The China Kadoorie Biobank recruited 302 632 women in 2004 to 2008 from 10 regions across China. During 9-year follow-up, 19 393 incident cases of stroke, 18 611 of ischemic heart disease, and 4978 CVD deaths occurred. Cox regression yielded adjusted hazard ratios relating each menopause characteristic and total reproductive years to CVD risk. Among 274 233 women with no prior CVD at baseline, 134 010 were naturally postmenopausal women (mean [SD] age at menopause of 48.6 [4.0] years and total reproductive years 32.7 [4.4]). Compared with premenopausal women, naturally peri- or postmenopausal women were at a higher risk of either fatal or nonfatal CVD. Among women who had had menopause, inverse associations were observed between age at menopause and risks of CVD mortality, incident ischemic heart disease, stroke, and subtypes of stroke, with 1.5% higher risk of CVD death (
P
<0.001), 0.7% for incident ischemic heart disease (
P
=0.002), and 0.5% for incident stroke (
P
=0.02) for every 1 year lower age at menopause. Compared with women who had menopause at age 48 to 50 years, lower age at menopause (ie, <43 years) was associated with 14% higher risk of CVD death and 6% higher risks of both incident ischemic heart disease and stroke. Higher risks of both fatal and nonfatal CVD were also found in women with 5 to 10, 10 to 15, 15 to 20, or >20 years since menopause compared with <5 years since menopause. Total reproductive years were inversely associated with risks of both fatal and nonfatal CVD, with 1.4% lower risk of CVD death per additional reproductive year (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Women with younger age at menopause, longer time since menopause, or fewer total reproductive years had a higher risk of CVD.
Cardiovascular Effects of Long‐Term Exposure to Air Pollution: A Population‐Based Study With 900 845 Person‐Years of Follow‐up
Authors: Kim Hyeanji , Kim Joonghee , Kim Sunhwa , Kang Si‐Hyuck , Kim Hee‐Jun , Kim Ho , Heo Jongbae , Yi Seung‐Muk , Kim Kyuseok , Youn Tae‐Jin , Chae In‐Ho 
Published: November 2017

Background

Studies have shown that long‐term exposure to air pollution such as fine particulate matter (≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter [
PM
2.5
]) increases the risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality. To date, however, there are limited data on the impact of air pollution on specific cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate cardiovascular effects of long‐term exposure to air pollution among residents of Seoul, Korea.

Methods and Results

Healthy participants with no previous history of cardiovascular disease were evaluated between 2007 and 2013. Exposure to air pollutants was estimated by linking the location of outdoor monitors to the
ZIP
code of each participant's residence. Crude and adjusted analyses were performed using Cox regression models to evaluate the risk for composite cardiovascular events including cardiovascular mortality, acute myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and stroke. A total of 136 094 participants were followed for a median of 7.0 years (900 845 person‐years). The risk of major cardiovascular events increased with higher mean concentrations of
PM
2.5
in a linear relationship, with a hazard ratio of 1.36 (95% confidence interval, 1.29–1.43) per 1 μg/m
3
PM
2.5
. Other pollutants including
PM
2.5–10
of
CO
,
SO
2
, and
NO
2
, but not O
3
, were significantly associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events. The burden from air pollution was comparable to that from hypertension and diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions

This large‐scale population‐based study demonstrated that long‐term exposure to air pollution including
PM
2.5
increases the risk of major cardiovascular disease and mortality. Air pollution should be considered an important modifiable environmental cardiovascular risk factor.
Der Chronotopos der Ziegeninsel (Hom. Od. 9.116-141)
Authors: Xian Ruobing 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper offers a new interpretation of the Goat Island episode inOd.9. The description of the island focuses on its potential for cultivation and settlement. Against the background of the colonization, my approach emphasizes the temporal dimension of the island, which evokes the past of the Phaeacians who fled from the violence of the Cyclopes before settling in Scheria. The narrative function of Goat Island resides within its temporal dimension that bestows it with a temporal-spatial connectedness, achronotopein Bachtin’s term.
A Discussion of S.S. Meyer, Plato. Laws 1 and 2
Authors: Bartels Myrthe L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article reviews Susan Sauvé Meyer’s new commentary on Laws 1–2 in the Plato Clarendon Series. The commentary offers a lucidly written and highly accessible introduction to Laws 1-2 to philosophical readers without knowledge of Greek. This review will focus on two new interpretations Meyer puts forward: the more philological problem of the third criterion of musical judgement in Book 2, and Meyer’s overall approach to the discussion about virtue that structures the argument of Books 1-2. It is argued, first, that Meyer convincingly solves the long-standing puzzle of the third element that needs to be taken into account when evaluating art; second, that her approach to virtue combines two views that, however, on closer inspection appear to sit somewhat uneasily together.
Sanctioned to Survive: How Foreign Firms Perform when Economic Sanctions Affect their Business Relationships—A Study of Contemporary Economic Sanction Actions and their Impact
Authors: Stout Blaine 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The intent of this study is to examine the effects of economic sanctions on companies with significant fdi operating in the sanctioned country. Using case study methodology, we consider the impact of sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation (rf) by the United States of America for its intrusion into the sovereign rights of Ukraine. Past sanction events in South Africa and pre-rf formation are reviewed. Two measurable frameworks are developed to study strategies based on ‘divestment and non-divestment’ (Malone and Goodin 1997) dimensions and coupled with variables related to ‘direct and indirect’ effects on financial performance, forgone potential, (Losman 1988) and foreign direct investment (Biglaiser and Lektzian 2011). This research also relies on the historical accounts of Hufbauer et al. (2007) for the compilation of facts related to economic sanctions. Through literature review, the study asks: 1) Strategically, how does a company respond to the economic sanctions imposed by its home country on the sanctioned country in which it has significant fdi? 2) Financially, how do economic sanctions affect the company’s performance and fdi? and 3) Organizationally, how do economic sanctions affect the relationships with those recipient companies of fdi? The study focus is on the energy industry in which the rf economy relies upon for 40 percent of its sustainability and the company of focus is Exxon Mobil (xom). The author readily acknowledges that a single case study may not provide the degree of conclusiveness found in a cross-case study format. However, the outcome of the study does provide a template for use in future case reviews.
The Exclusion of Women from Property in Jordan
Authors: Ababsa Myriam 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOnly one fourth of Jordanian women entitled to property inheritance receive it fully. The main reason is that land and property are not formally registered. But this is also due to several strategies to exclude women from inheritance. Social pressure is translated into the “exclusion” (takhāruj) of inheritance rights. This is linked to social norms in favour of male property.
Urban Tanzîmât and Corrupting Property: Women as Petitioners of Honor in Nineteenth-Century Istanbul
Authors: Güçlü Eda 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article examines the relations betweentanzîmâtand corruption within the context of urban renewal projects in nineteenth-century Istanbul. It takes corruption as a critical locus of analysis in order to understand notions of justice and morality that historical actors fashioned in the social production of urban tanzîmât and property relations. It reveals that a theme of honor was central to both state institutions and real estate owners with regard to the positions that they took in property conflicts that emerged as a result of planning activities in the city. This study argues that honor was not only a moral but also an economic theme that revolved around the question of locational values in this intense period of spatial restructuring.
Awqâf al-Nisâ’ : femmes et propriété immobilière en waqf à Miliana à l’époque ottomane
Authors: Boughoufala Ouddène 
Published: November 2017

RésuméNotre contribution se fixe pour objectif l’étude des waqfs des femmes dans la ville de Miliana située à 120 kilomètres au sud-ouest d’Alger. Comme d’autres villes algériennes de l’époque ottomane (1516–1830), les femmes établissaient, géraient et bénéficiaient des waqfs à Miliana.Ce travail repose sur des documents officels provenant des Archives Nationales d’Algérie dont les registres (sijillât) deBayt al-Bâyliket les registres (sijillât) des tribunaux religieux, lesmaḥâkim shar‘iyya.Ces documents constituent un corpus riche pour notre sujet, à savoir une analyse du rôle des femmes par rapport à la propriété foncière possédée par les waqfs ; de même ces documents contribuent à nous éclairer sur le rôle social des femmes et leurs responsabilités financières dans la société de Miliana.En tant que jeune fille à la maison mais aussi comme épouse, mère et sœur, les femmes bénéficiaient de revenus provenant des propriétés foncières appartenant auxwaqfs ; par ailleurs, elles établissaient, elles-mêmes, deswaqfs et, dans certains cas, les géraient. Dans les trois cas, les droits comme les obligations sont déterminés selon des conditions établies par avance. Certaines de ces conditions placent l’homme et la femme à égalité alors que d’autres favorisent l’homme y compris lorsque lewaqfen question est établi par une femme.Ainsi, notre perspective d’étude, telle que présentée ci-dessus, prend comme repère les questions suivantes :Dans notre échantillon, quels sont les principes religieux et sociaux sous-jascents quant à la nature de la propriété foncière enwaqfvis-à-vis des rôles des femmes ?Quel est le rôle social dans la société urbaine ou rurale concernant les femmes à propos deswaqfs ?
La propriété immobilière des femmes musulmanes de Jérusalem (1831–1841)
Authors: Sroor Musa 
Published: November 2017

RésuméCette étude a tenté de démontrer la place importante de la femme dans la société civile de Jérusalem durant la période 1831–1841, grâce à son droit de propriété et à la liberté d’en disposer. Nous avons traité cette question à partir des réponses aux questions suivantes : Quelle était alors l’attitude de la société locale vis-à-vis du droit des femmes du libre usage de leur argent ? Est-ce qu’elle acceptait facilement ou pas ?Le milieu familial musulman à Jérusalem acceptant le principe d’un droit de propriété et le droit de l’usage ; mais dans plusieurs cas comme nous avons bien montré qu’il y avait de nombreuses familles jérusalémites n’acceptant pas le principe d’un droit de propriété ni le droit de l’usage.
eBay Memorabilia Auctions vis-à-vis Predictions for the 2016 U.S. Presidential Election
Authors: Highfill Jannett , O’Brien Kevin M. 
Published: November 2017

The present paper investigates whether there is a relationship between eBay auction outcomes for memorabilia and various predictions from the FiveThirtyEight site for the 2016 U.S. presidential election. We find that changes in the value of various FiveThirtyEight prediction variables were almost always correlated with the number of bids. For the national prediction, an increase in the probability of a Clinton victory was associated with a reduction in the number of bids and the willingness to pay for an item. Similar results were found for the subsample of Trump items, suggesting that the auctions for his items dominated the results for the full sample. JEL Classifications: A20, D44, L81