bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MULTI-WAVELENGTH STUDY OF TRANSITION REGION PENUMBRAL SUBARCSECOND BRIGHT DOTS USING IRIS AND NST
Authors: Deng Na , Yurchyshyn Vasyl , Tian Hui , Kleint Lucia , Liu Chang , Xu Yan , Wang Haimin 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Using high-resolution transition region (TR) observations taken by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) mission, Tian et al. revealed numerous short-lived subarcsecond bright dots (BDs) above sunspots (mostly located in the penumbrae), which indicate yet unexplained small-scale energy releases. Moreover, whether or not these subarcsecond TR brightenings have any signature in the lower atmosphere and how they are formed are still not fully resolved. This paper presents a multi-wavelength study of the TR penumbral BDs using a coordinated observation of a near disk center sunspot with IRIS and the 1.6 m New Solar Telescope (NST) at the Big Bear Solar Observatory. NST provides high-resolution chromospheric and photospheric observations with narrowband Hα imaging spectroscopy and broadband TiO images, respectively, complementary to IRIS TR observations. A total of 2692 TR penumbral BDs are identified from a 37 minute time series of IRIS 1400 Å slit-jaw images. Their locations tend to be associated more with downflowing and darker fibrils in the chromosphere, and weakly associated with bright penumbral features in the photosphere. However, temporal evolution analyses of the BDs show that there is no consistent and convincing brightening response in the chromosphere. These results are compatible with a formation mechanism of the TR penumbral BDs by falling plasma from coronal heights along more vertical and dense magnetic loops. The BDs may also be produced by small-scale impulsive magnetic reconnection taking place sufficiently high in the atmosphere that has no energy release in the chromosphere.
ANALYTICAL MODELS OF EXOPLANETARY ATMOSPHERES. III. GASEOUS C–H–O–N CHEMISTRY WITH NINE MOLECULES
Authors: Heng Kevin , Tsai Shang-Min 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We present novel, analytical, equilibrium-chemistry formulae for the abundances of molecules in hot exoplanetary atmospheres that include the carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen networks. Our hydrogen-dominated solutions involve acetylene (C2H2), ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ethylene (C2H4), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), methane (CH4), molecular nitrogen (N2), and water (H2O). By considering only the gas phase, we prove that the mixing ratio of carbon monoxide is governed by a decic equation (polynomial equation of 10 degrees). We validate our solutions against numerical calculations of equilibrium chemistry that perform Gibbs free energy minimization and demonstrate that they are accurate at the

level for temperatures from 500 to 3000 K. In hydrogen-dominated atmospheres, the ratio of abundances of HCN to CH4 is nearly constant across a wide range of carbon-to-oxygen ratios, which makes it a robust diagnostic of the metallicity in the gas phase. Our validated formulae allow for the convenient benchmarking of chemical kinetics codes and provide an efficient way of enforcing chemical equilibrium in atmospheric retrieval calculations.
A LUMINOUS GAMMA-RAY BINARY IN THE LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD
Authors: Corbet R. H. D. , Chomiuk L. , Coe M. J. , Coley J. B. , Dubus G. , Edwards P. G. , Martin P. , McBride V. A. , Stevens J. , Strader J. , Townsend L. J. , Udalski A. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Gamma-ray binaries consist of a neutron star or a black hole interacting with a normal star to produce gamma-ray emission that dominates the radiative output of the system. Only a handful of such systems have been previously discovered, all within our Galaxy. Here, we report the discovery of a luminous gamma-ray binary in the Large Magellanic Cloud, found with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), from a search for periodic modulation in all sources in the third Fermi LAT catalog. This is the first such system to be found outside the Milky Way. The system has an orbital period of 10.3 days, and is associated with a massive O5III star located in the supernova remnant DEM L241, previously identified as the candidate high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) CXOU J053600.0–673507. X-ray and radio emission are also modulated on the 10.3 day period, but are in anti-phase with the gamma-ray modulation. Optical radial velocity measurements suggest that the system contains a neutron star. The source is significantly more luminous than similar sources in the Milky Way, at radio, optical, X-ray, and gamma-ray wavelengths. The detection of this extra-galactic system, but no new Galactic systems, raises the possibility that the predicted number of gamma-ray binaries in our Galaxy has been overestimated, and that HMXBs may be born containing relatively slowly rotating neutron stars.
RELATIONS WITH CO ROTATIONAL LADDERS OF GALAXIES ACROSS THE HERSCHEL SPIRE ARCHIVE
Authors: Kamenetzky J. , Rangwala N. , Glenn J. , Maloney P. R. , Conley A. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a catalog of all CO (J = 4−3 through J = 13−12), [C i], and [N ii] lines available from extragalactic spectra from the Herschel SPIRE Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) archive combined with observations of the low-J CO lines from the literature and from the Arizona Radio Observatory. This work examines the relationships between L
FIR,

, and L
CO/L
CO,1−0. We also present a new method for estimating probability distribution functions from marginal signal-to-noise ratio Herschel FTS spectra, which takes into account the instrumental “ringing” and the resulting highly correlated nature of the spectra. The slopes of log(L
FIR) versus log(

) are linear for all mid- to high-J CO lines and slightly sublinear if restricted to (ultra)luminous infrared galaxies ((U)LIRGs). The mid- to high-J CO luminosity relative to CO J = 1−0 increases with increasing L
FIR, indicating higher excitement of the molecular gas, although these ratios do not exceed ∼180. For a given bin in L
FIR, the luminosities relative to CO J = 1−0 remain relatively flat from J = 6−5 through J = 13−12, across three orders of magnitude of L
FIR. A single component theoretical photodissociation region (PDR) model cannot match these flat SLED shapes, although combinations of PDR models with mechanical heating added qualitatively match the shapes, indicating the need for further comprehensive modeling of the excitation processes of warm molecular gas in nearby galaxies.
EFFECT OF SPECTRAL INDEX DISTRIBUTION ON ESTIMATING THE AGN RADIO LUMINOSITY FUNCTION
Authors: Yuan Zunli , Wang Jiancheng , Zhou Ming , Mao Jirong 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we scrutinize the effect of spectral index distribution on estimating the active galactic nucleus radio luminosity function (RLF) by a Monte Carlo method. We find that the traditional bivariate RLF estimators can cause bias in varying degrees. The bias is especially pronounced for the flat-spectrum radio sources whose spectral index distribution is more scattered. We believe that the bias is caused because the K-corrections complicate the truncation boundary on the L–z plane of the sample, but the traditional bivariate RLF estimators have difficulty dealing with this boundary condition properly. We suggest that the spectral index distribution should be incorporated into the RLF analysis process to obtain a robust estimation. This drives the need for a trivariate function of the form Φ(α, z, L), which we show provides an accurate basis for measuring the RLF.
COSMOLOGICAL SIMULATIONS OF MILKY WAY-SIZED GALAXIES
Authors: Colín Pedro , Avila-Reese Vladimir , Roca-Fàbrega Santi , Valenzuela Octavio 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We introduce a new set of eight Milky Way-sized cosmological simulations performed using the AMR code Adaptive Refinement Tree + Hydrodynamics in a ΛCDM cosmology. The set of zoom-in simulations covers present-day virial masses that range from

to

and is carried out with our simple but effective prescriptions for deterministic star formation (SF) and “explosive” stellar feedback. The work focuses on showing the goodness of the simulated set of “field” Milky Way-sized galaxies. To this end, we compare some of the predicted physical quantities with the corresponding observed ones. Our results are as follows. (a) In agreement with some previous works, we found curves of circular velocity that are flat or slightly peaked. (b) All simulated galaxies with a significant disk component are consistent with the observed Tully–Fisher, radius–mass, and cold gas–stellar mass correlations of late-type galaxies. (c) The disk-dominated galaxies have stellar specific angular momenta in agreement with those of late-type galaxies, with values around 103 km s−1 kpc−1. (d) The SF rates at z = 0 of all runs but one are comparable to those estimated for the star-forming galaxies. (e) The two most spheroid-dominated galaxies formed in halos with late active merger histories and late bursts of SF, but the other run that ends also dominated by a spheroid never had major mergers. (f) The simulated galaxies lie in the semi-empirical correlation of stellar to halo mass of local central galaxies, and those that end up as disk-dominated evolve mostly along the low-mass branch of this correlation. Moreover, the growth histories of baryonic and stellar mass of these galaxies are proportional to their growth histories of halo mass over the last 6.5–10 Gyr. (g) Within the virial radii of the simulations,

–50% of the baryons are missed; the amount of gas in the halo is similar to the amount in stars in the galaxy, and most of this gas is in the warm–hot phase. (h) The profiles of

vertical gas velocity dispersion,

(r), are nearly flat and can be mostly explained by the kinetic energy injected by stars. The average values of

increase at higher redshifts, following roughly the shape of the SF history.
REVISITING THE LYMAN CONTINUUM ESCAPE CRISIS: PREDICTIONS FOR z > 6 FROM LOCAL GALAXIES
Authors: Faisst Andreas L. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The intrinsic escape fraction of ionizing Lyman continuum photons (

) is crucial to understanding whether galaxies are capable of reionizing the neutral hydrogen in the early universe at z > 6. Unfortunately, it is not possible to access

at z > 4 with direct observations, and the handful of measurements from low-redshift galaxies consistently find

< 10%, while at least

∼ 10% is necessary for galaxies to dominate reionization. Here, we present the first empirical prediction of

at z > 6 by combining the (sparsely populated) relation between

/

and

with the redshift evolution of

/

as predicted from local high-z analogs selected by their Hα equivalent width. We find

at z = 6 and

at z = 9 for galaxies with

(errors given as 1σ). However, there is a negative correlation with stellar mass and we find up to 50% larger

per 0.5 dex decrease in stellar mass. The population-averaged escape fraction increases according to

, with f
esc,0 = (2.3 ± 0.05)% and α = 1.17 ± 0.02 at z > 2 for

. With our empirical prediction of

(thus fixing an important, previously unknown variable) and further reasonable assumptions on clumping factor and the production efficiency of Lyman continuum photons, we conclude that the average population of galaxies is just capable of reionizing the universe by z ∼ 6.
Recommendations From an Early Adopter of a Doctor of Nursing Practice Program
Authors: Carter Michael A. , Accardo Dwayne , Cooper Thomas , Cowan Patricia , Likes Wendy , Lynch-Smith Donna , Melaro Laura 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Many changes have occurred in DNP programs since they first began. University of Tennessee Health Science Center began the practice doctoral program in 1999 and today enrolls over 100 new baccalaureate nursing (BSN)-to-Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) students each year. More than 500 DNPs have graduated to date.

Method:
A review of the history and challenges of this program are presented as a potential exemplar for other programs to consider.

Results:
Several changes have taken place, including a shift from Master of Science in Nursing (MSN)-to-DNP programs to almost all BSN-to-DNP programs, a new appreciation for writing skills, and movement away from a separate DNP project.

Conclusion:

Understanding these changes may help other schools of nursing as they begin DNP programs or transition from their MSN-to-DNP programs to BSN-to-DNP programs. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(10):563–567.]
Ophthalmologic Outcomes of Children Born Premature Without ROP: Correlations With Gestational Age and Psychomotor Development
Authors: Al-Haddad Christiane , Fattah Maamoun Abdul , Smeets Larissa , Tamim Hani , Dirani Leila , Safadieh Layal , Sinno Durriyah , Charafeddine Lama 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:
To study ophthalmological outcomes of premature children with no retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and correlate with neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Methods:
A total of 69 former preterm infants were evaluated at 2 to 7 years of age. Detailed ophthalmologic examinations were performed. Neurodevelopment was assessed using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence. Another 69 healthy children served as controls.

Results:

The 69 preterm children (38 of 69 boys) and 69 controls (38 of 69 boys) had a mean age of 4.9 ± 1.5 and 4.9 ± 1.4 years, respectively. Compared to controls, preterm infants had vision impairment of 19% versus 1.4% (
P
= .001), hyperopia of 87% versus 98.5% (
P
= .21), myopia of 11% versus 1.4% (
P
= .017), and astigmatism of 39% versus 30.4% (
P
= .37). Children with any motor disability tended to have worse vision.

Conclusions:
In the absence of ROP, hyperopia was more common in infants 32 weeks or older who weighed more than 1,500 g at birth; other vision problems were similar in subgroups. This may represent impending myopia in those younger than 32 weeks weighing less than 1,500 g.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(1):32–38.]
Reactions of Sandhill Cranes Approaching a Marked Transmission Power Line
Authors: Murphy Robert K. , Dwyer James F. , Mojica Elizabeth K. , McPherron Michelle M. , Harness Richard E. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Sandhill cranes Antigone canadensis, formerly Grus canadensis, are of widespread management focus, particularly where collisions with power lines are an important cause of mortality. Collision mitigation focuses on marking power lines to increase visibility, but collisions persist, perhaps because power line markers are not sufficiently visible in all conditions. Our objective was to compare reaction distances and reaction behaviors during daylight when power lines are presumably more visible, and during darkness when power lines are less visible. The power line we studied was fitted with glow-in-the-dark power line markers intended to increase nocturnal visibility. We found that during daylight, flocks generally avoided the power line by climbing gradually and passed above without making sudden evasive maneuvers. During darkness, flocks, particularly small flocks, were almost equally likely to make sudden evasive maneuvers as to climb gradually. Collision monitoring on the power line we studied conducted concurrent to our study indicated that 94% of collisions occurred during darkness, linking the behaviors we observed to actual mortality. Sandhill cranes also reacted at greater distances and with fewer sudden evasive maneuvers to the glow-in-the-dark-marked power line we studied than to nearby power lines without glowing markers evaluated in a prior study, suggesting that either glowing markers, smaller gaps between markers, or both, improved sandhill cranes' ability to perceive and react to the power line we studied. By correlating behavioral observations with mortality, our study indicates that proactive low-intensity behavioral observations might be useful surrogates to reactive high-intensity carcass searches in identifying high-risk spans. This approach may also be effective for other species.
Effect of Revisitation Surveys on Detection of Wetland Birds with Different Diel Vocalization Patterns
Authors: La Van T. , Nudds Thomas D. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Reliable species distribution data are important for valid scientific conclusions and effective conservation planning. Mismatch between survey timing and animal behaviors that influence detection may result in false absences that can lead to poorly informed management decisions. Birds exhibit a diversity of diel vocalization patterns, but many large-scale multispecies surveys are based on the songbird dawn chorus, indicating the potential for bias to detect birds with other diel vocalization patterns. In this study, we quantified bias in point counts and morning acoustic recordings to measure the number of occupied sites detected for a set of dawn chorusing birds (songbirds) and irregularly vocalizing wetland birds (waterfowl) relative to estimates obtained from 10-min acoustic recordings conducted hourly throughout 24-h periods for three consecutive days. Furthermore, we investigated which revisitation schedule—same day or different day sampling, as well as increased sampling effort—best minimized false-negative detections for songbirds and waterfowl. Morning surveys significantly underestimated the number of occupied sites for 10 of 13 species. No differences were found between same-day and between-day revisitation schedules with identical sampling effort, regardless of whether birds exhibited a dawn chorus or irregular vocalization patterns. Detection improved with increased sampling effort. Subsampled recordings captured the majority of occupied sites for songbirds (up to 87% of occupied sites detected), but less so for waterfowl (up to 60% of occupied sites detected). Accurate detection for irregularly vocalizing species such as waterfowl will require more intensive sampling effort (likely throughout 24-h periods) when using acoustic recordings.
Timing Moose Pellet Collections to Increase Genotyping Success of Fecal DNA
Authors: Rea Roy V. , Johnson Chris J. , Murray Brent W. , Hodder Dexter P. , Crowley Shannon M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Fecal pellets can serve as a noninvasive source of DNA for identifying the distribution of individual animals when conducting population estimates. The quality of fecal DNA, however, can be degraded by wet or warm environmental conditions. We tested the effect of time of pellet collection (mid-March–mid-June) and temperature on the success of genotyping microsatellite loci in moose Alces alces by using DNA extracted from moose fecal pellets collected from north central British Columbia, Canada. Using the number of microsatellite loci genotyped as a measure of genotyping success clearly indicated that fecal pellets collected in March and April contained DNA that yielded high-confidence genotypes, whereas those collected in May and June did not. Pellets collected in March and April were more likely to be collected in cooler (often subzero) temperatures than those collected in May and June. Pellets collected later in the year were also more likely to be exposed to rain and increased solar radiation, all of which are likely to contribute to degradation of fecal DNA. Our findings suggest that pellets collected in late winter in the Northern Hemisphere have sufficient DNA to permit genotyping of moose.
Roms et Tsiganes en Europe méditerranéenne : prégnance et circulation des catégories
Authors: Doytcheva Milena 
Published: September 2016

L’article s’appuie sur les résultats en cours d’élaboration du projet de recherche « Migrants roms dans l’espace public » (LabEx TEPSIS, Ville de Paris). À travers différentes enquêtes sur les processus de politisation (médiatisation, action collective, politiques locales d’« insertion »), il propose d’examiner les stratégies différenciées d’intégration développées à l’égard de ces migrants par une pluralité d’acteurs. Faisant retour sur les résultats comparatifs du dossier récent que la revue Confluences Méditerranée consacre à la question, nous analysons en situation les tensions entre une logique de « transnationalisation » de la problématique et l’enracinement des configurations nationales et locales concrètes. Une piste est en ce sens privilégiée qui est celle des catégories cognitives et d’action qui président à la définition de ces enjeux et objets d’intervention.
Roms roumanisés, Ciurari, Ursari : ethnicité et appartenances sociales. Ethnographie des migrants roms roumains à Montpellier
Authors: Lièvre Marion 
Published: September 2016

Comment devient-on Roms roumanisés, Ciurari, Ursari ou encore Bogdăneșteni ? Sur la base d’une ethnographie des frontières et des marqueurs mobilisés par les différents groupes roms roumains présents à Montpellier, cet article interroge ce qui habituellement est désigné comme « culturel ». Appartenances ethniques, logiques de distinction sociale et processus de domination symbolique se conjuguent pour redessiner les contours des valeurs identitaires et culturelles de ces groupes roms et définir une « authenticité culturelle ».
Les droits spécifiques des minorités ethniques et culturelles dans l’Accord de paix entre les FARC-EP et le Gouvernement colombien du 24 août 2016
Authors: Braconnier Moreno Laetitia 
Published: September 2016

Les accords de paix signés à la Havane entre le gouvernement colombien et les Forces Armées Révolutionnaires de Colombie-Armée du Peuple (FARC-EP), mettant fin à un conflit vieux de plus de cinquante ans, prévoient des mécanismes de justice transitionnelle adaptés aux victimes issues des minorités ethniques et cultuelles. Ainsi, les modalités de réparation de ces victimes prennent en compte leurs spécificités ethniques, culturelles et sociales, ainsi que leurs vécus du conflit et besoins spécifiques. Bien que les représentants indigènes, afro-colombiens et roms aient été invités tardivement à prendre part aux négociations de paix et que le peu de visibilité que les négociateurs leur ont accordé laissait présager une neutralisation de leur victimisation particulière, l’« approche différenciée » et le Chapitre « ethnique » inclus dans l’Accord final semblent entériner certaines avancées du droit de ces minorités en Colombie : d’abord, la reconnaissance officielle du fait qu’elles constituent les principales victimes de ce conflit ; ensuite, l'idée que ces minorités disposent de droits spécifiques ; et surtout, l'éventualité d'une appropriation par celles-ci de leurs droits susceptibles d'être adaptés à leurs cosmovisions.