bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myths of top tourism countries, tourism contribution and competitiveness
Authors: Mihalic Tanja , Aramberri Julio 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– This paper aims to deal with the myths of tourism in regard to the tourism available data and their mythical interpretation in relation to top tourism countries, tourism economic contribution and competitiveness and to argue that there is yet no such thing as globalisation of tourism demand. For many decades, tourism researchers have tried to present the true tourism situation, yet – seduced by the available tourism data and rankings – they might have failed to produce the accurate or generally true description.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper uses a transformative research approach which aims to break existing scientific paradigms in the field of tourism knowledge. Thus, this paper challenges the ever going elaboration of established tourism meanings by asking whether tourism understanding of its development, rankings and competitiveness is justified under the present circumstances.

Findings
– The paper presented some existing anomalies in the understanding of tourism global system which are based on existing data, methodologies, geo-political structure of sovereign states and tourism research values. This implies a limited applicability of current tourism understandings to a universal level.

Research limitations/implications
– For the time being, the discussion on accuracy of the authors’ tourism knowledge remains under the notion of “tourism myths” and the doors for more research on what new approaches, values and methodologies would enable tourism researchers to obtain the accurate tourism rankings, remain wide open.

Practical implications
– This paper can mobilise for improvements in data gathering, accessibility, interpretation and methodology to improve tourism policy, planning and management. In this regard, the paper mobilises for “cosmopolitan responsibility” for tourism surveys and understandings which will provide tourism researchers with a value system that meets the globalised tourism development.

Social implications
– This paper shows the possible impact on tourism knowledge, new tourism paradigms and then on tourism policy and management.

Originality/value
– This paper’s originality is in opening up new approaches to understanding what tourism researchers a while ago would never have considered relevant.
Isotopic evidence of partial mycoheterotrophy in Burmannia coelestis (Burmanniaceae)
Authors: Bolin Jay F. , Tennakoon Kushan U. , Majid Mohamed Bin Abdul , Cameron Duncan D. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Burmanniaceae contain several lineages of achlorophyllous mycoheterotrophic plants that associate with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Here we investigate the isotopic profile of a green and potentially mycoheterotrophic plant in situ, Burmannia coelestis, and associated reference plants. We generated δ 13C and δ 15N stable isotope profiles for five populations of B. coelestis. Burmannia coelestis was significantly enriched in 13C relative to surrounding C3 reference plants and significantly depleted in 13C relative to C4 reference plants. No significant differences were detected in 15N enrichment between B. coelestis and reference plants. The isotopic profiles measured are suggestive of partial mycoheterotrophy in B. coelestis. Within the genus Burmannia transitions to full mycoheterotrophy have occurred numerous times, suggesting that some green Burmannia species are likely to be partially mycoheterotrophic but in many conditions this mode of nutrition may only be detectable using natural abundance stable isotopic methods, such as when associated with C4 mycorrhizal plants.
High‐fat Diet‐induced Intestinal Hyperpermeability is Associated with Increased Bile Acids in the Large Intestine of Mice
Authors: Murakami Yuki , Tanabe Soichi , Suzuki Takuya 
Published: November 2015

Abstract Metabolic syndrome is characterized by low‐grade chronic systemic inflammation, which is associated with intestinal hyperpermeability. This study examined the effects of 3 high‐fat diets (HFDs) composed of different fat sources (soybean oil and lard) on the intestinal permeability, tight junction (TJ) protein expression, and cecal bile acid (BA) concentrations in mice, and then analyzed their interrelations. C57/BL6 mice were fed the control diet, HFD (soybean oil), HFD (lard), and HFD (mix; containing equal concentrations of soybean oil and lard) for 8 wk. Glucose tolerance, intestinal permeability, TJ protein expression, and cecal BA concentration were evaluated. Feeding with the 3 HDFs similarly increased body weight, liver weight, and fat pad weight, and induced glucose intolerance and intestinal hyperpermeability. The expression of TJ proteins, zonula occludens‐2 and junctional adhesion molecule‐A, were lower in the colons of the 3 HFD groups than in the control group (P < 0.05), and these changes appeared to be related to intestinal hyperpermeability. Feeding with HFDs increased total secondary BA (SBA) and total BA concentrations along with increases in some individual BAs in the cecum. Significant positive correlations between intestinal permeability and the concentrations of most SBAs, such as deoxycholic acid and ω‐muricholic acids, were detected (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the HFD‐induced intestinal hyperpermeability is associated with increased BA secretion. The abundance of SBAs in the large intestine may be responsible for the hyperpermeability.
Dividend policies across multinational and domestic corporations – an international study
Authors: Akhtar Shumi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis study examines whether the determinants of dividend payout ratios between Multinational (MCs) and Domestic corporations (DCs) vary across Australia, U.S., Japan, U.K. and Malaysia. Results show: (i) Australian, UK and Malaysian MCs pay significantly less dividends than their Domestic counterparts; however, the opposite holds for the U.S. firms; (ii) the factors that significantly explain the difference between DCs’ and MCs’ payout ratios vary across countries; (iii) firms operating in an imputation tax system and in a common law environment pay comparatively higher dividends relative to firms operating in a classical tax system and civil law regime.
Can interpersonal hypersensitivity under subconscious condition explain paranoid symptom in schizophrenia?
Authors: Zhu Yikang , Yang Zhi , Zhao Jinping , Li Ting , Wang Meijuan , Qian Jie , Jiang Yi , Wang Jijun , Weng Xuchu , Yu Dehua , Li Chunbo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIntroductionInterpersonal hypersensitivity is often observed in schizophrenia and has been associated with psychopathological deficits in schizophrenia. Here, we investigated dysfunctions of interpersonal information processing in schizophrenia at both conscious and subconscious levels.MethodsThe experiment included 143 schizophrenia patients and 59 healthy controls. A continuous flashing suppression approach based on binocular rivalry was employed, which included two modes: invisible (subconscious) and visible (conscious). The accuracy and reaction time of a Gabor patch direction–detection task were assessed under three types of stimuli in both modes: images with no person (type 1), images with two to three noncommunicating persons (type 2), and images with more than three communicating individuals (type 3).ResultsIn the visible mode, the accuracy of the Gabor patch direction–detection task in the case group was significantly lower than in the control group for the third type of stimuli (P = 0.015). In the invisible mode, however, the accuracy was higher in the case group than in the control group (P = 0.037). The response time difference of the Gabor patch direction–detection task for the third type of images in the invisible mode was negatively correlated with the duration of the illness (P = 0.008).DiscussionThese findings suggest that schizophrenia patients exhibit attentional bias to interpersonal interaction behaviors at both conscious and subliminal levels but toward opposite directions. Our findings shed light on the subconscious deficits under the paranoid symptom in schizophrenia.
Review article: the current treatment of non‐cardiac chest pain
Authors: George N. , Abdallah J. , Maradey‐Romero C. , Gerson L. , Fass R. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundNon‐cardiac chest pain is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders. By recognising that gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), oesophageal dysmotility and oesophageal hypersensitivity are the main underlying mechanisms of NCCP, a more directed therapeutic approach has been developed.AimTo determine the value of the current therapeutic modalities for NCCP.MethodsElectronic (Pubmed/Medline/Cochrane central) and manual search.ResultsDouble‐dose PPI treatment for two months is a reasonable first choice approach in patients with NCCP because GERD is the most common aetiology. Studies evaluating the role of medical therapy in NCCP patients with hypercontractile oesophageal motility suggest a limited value to muscle relaxants like calcium channel blockers (nifedipine, diltiazem), nitrates and sildenafil. While most trials evaluating pain modulators are small and many are not placebo‐controlled, these type of medications appear efficacious in both patients with NCCP due to oesophageal dysmotility and those with functional chest pain. Cognitive behavioural therapy has been extensively studied in patients with functional chest pain with good results. Other psychological techniques such as hypnotherapy, group therapy or coping skills have been scarcely studied but appear to be effective in NCCP patients.ConclusionMedical, endoscopic and surgical therapeutic options are available for the treating physician, although some patients with non‐cardiac chest pain may require a multimodal therapeutic approach.
Ten‐year observational follow‐up of PROactive: a randomized cardiovascular outcomes trial evaluating pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Erdmann E. , Harding S. , Lam H. , Perez A. 
Published: November 2015

AimsTo conduct a 10‐year, observational follow‐up of patients completing PROactive to investigate whether trends of cardiovascular benefit with pioglitazone and imbalances in specific malignancies persisted over time.MethodsMacrovascular endpoints and malignancies were compared based on original randomization to pioglitazone or placebo and ‘any’ versus ‘no’ pioglitazone use for bladder and prostate cancer.ResultsOf 4873 patients completing the PROactive trial, 74% entered the follow‐up. During follow‐up (mean 7.8 years), there were no statistically significant differences in the primary [all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac intervention, stroke, major leg amputation, leg revascularization] or main secondary (death, MI, stroke) endpoints for subjects originally randomized to pioglitazone and placebo, except for leg amputations during follow‐up [4.1% pioglitazone, 5.6% placebo; hazard ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55–0.99; p = 0.046]. During follow‐up, the incidence of total malignancies was similar between groups; bladder cancer was reported in 0.8% of patients (n = 14) in the pioglitazone versus 1.2% (n = 21) in the placebo group [relative risk (RR) 0.65, 95% CI 0.33–1.28], and prostate cancer was reported in 44 men (3.7%) in the pioglitazone versus 29 men (2.5%) in the placebo group (RR 1.47, 95% CI 0.93–2.34).ConclusionsThe trends of macrovascular benefits of pioglitazone compared with placebo during PROactive did not persist in the absence of continued pioglitazone during this 10‐year follow‐up. Trends of decreased bladder cancer and increased prostate cancer were observed in the pioglitazone group during follow‐up; however, these imbalances should be interpreted with caution because of the limitations of the observational study design.
Social problem solving in carers of young people with a first episode of psychosis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: McCann Terence V. , Cotton Sue M. , Lubman Dan I. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimCaring for young people with first‐episode psychosis is difficult and demanding, and has detrimental effects on carers' well‐being, with few evidence‐based resources available to assist carers to deal with the problems they are confronted with in this situation. We aimed to examine if completion of a self‐directed problem‐solving bibliotherapy by first‐time carers of young people with first‐episode psychosis improved their social problem solving compared with carers who only received treatment as usual.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was carried out through two early intervention psychosis services in Melbourne, Australia. A sample of 124 carers were randomized to problem‐solving bibliotherapy or treatment as usual. Participants were assessed at baseline, 6‐ and 16‐week follow‐up.ResultsIntent‐to‐treat analyses were used and showed that recipients of bibliotherapy had greater social problem‐solving abilities than those receiving treatment as usual, and these effects were maintained at both follow‐up time points.ConclusionsOur findings affirm that bibliotherapy, as a low‐cost complement to treatment as usual for carers, had some effects in improving their problem‐solving skills when addressing problems related to the care and support of young people with first‐episode psychosis.
Acid base imbalances in ill neonatal foals and their association with survival
Authors: Viu J. , Armengou L. , Ríos J. , Cesarini C. , Jose‐Cunilleras E. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryReasons for performing studyAcid‐base imbalances observed in human paediatric patients are associated with outcome. Likewise, neonatal foals may have different acid‐base imbalances associated with diagnosis or prognosis.ObjectivesTo determine acid‐base imbalances by the quantitative method in ill neonatal foals and assess their association with diagnosis and prognosis.Study designObservational prospective clinical study.MethodsThis study included 65 ill neonatal foals (32 septic, 33 nonseptic) admitted to an equine referral hospital from 2005 to 2011with acid‐base parameters determined on admission and a control group of 33 healthy neonatal foals. BloodpH,pCO2, sodium, potassium, chloride, L‐lactate, albumin and phosphate concentrations were determined. Bicarbonate, globulin, measured strong ion difference (SIDm), nonvolatile weak buffer concentrations (Atot), base excess and its components were calculated. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multiple linear regression statistical analyses were performed. Results are summarised as mean ± s.d. for normally distributed variables and median [25–75th percentiles] for non‐normally distributed ones.ResultsA total of 63% of ill foals had respiratory alkalosis and 58.5% hadSIDmacidosis. The combination of both alterations was detected in 21 of 65 ill foals and abnormalpHwas found in 24 of 65. Compared with healthy foals, ill foals had significantly lowerSIDm(nonseptic 31.6 ± 6.3 [P<0.01] and septic 32.0 ± 6.4 [P<0.01] vs. control 40.3 ± 3.1 mmol/l), potassium (nonseptic 3.5 [3.3–3.8; P<0.01] and septic 3.6 [3.2–4.3; P = 0.01] vs. control 4.2 [3.8–4.5]mEq/l) and higher L‐lactate (nonseptic 5.1 ± 4.2 [P = 0.01] and septic 5.0 ± 3.7 [P = 0.03] vs. control 2.5 ± 1.3 mmol/l). Significantly higher L‐lactate and venouspCO2were found in nonsurviving (6.4 ± 3.5 mmol/l [P = 0.04] and 51 ± 13 mmHg [P<0.01]) compared with surviving foals.ConclusionsThe most common acid‐base imbalances observed in ill foals were respiratory alkalosis,SIDmacidosis or mixed respiratory alkalosis with strong ion acidosis. Increased venouspCO2and blood L‐lactate concentration were associated with poor outcome.
The Role of Migration in the Variety and Quality of Trade: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Bellino Antonella , Celi Giuseppe 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We explore the migration-trade nexus in the case of Germany over the period 2000-09, disentangling the two dimensions of intra-industry trade (vertical and horizontal). We find that immigration is positively and significantly related to intraindustry trade. However, the magnitude and statistical significance of migration’s impact on trade are considerably higher for horizontal intra-industry trade and increase with the difference in the level of development between Germany and the partner countries. This pattern is consistent with the view that information flows between migrant communities and their country of origin may be more important for consumer goods (where trade in varieties prevails) and that this information effect is more important if trading countries are very different.
The possibility of renal function recovery in chronic hemodialysis patients should not be overlooked: Single center experience
Authors: Letachowicz Krzysztof , Madziarska Katarzyna , Letachowicz Waldemar , Krajewska Magdalena , Penar Józef , Kusztal Mariusz , Gołębiowski Tomasz , Weyde Wacław , Klinger Marian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractChronic hemodialysis is implemented when irreversible loss of kidney function occurs. Sometimes renal recovery is overlooked. From January 2005 to December 2014, we identified 28 patients hemodialyzed for more than 3 months who had renal replacement therapy discontinued. The group consisted of 17 (57.7%) males and 11 (42.3%) females. Patients were 18–87 years old. Time of hemodialysis ranged from 3 to 97 months. Of note, 14 (50%) patients were referred from local dialysis units for solution of vascular access problems. In 13 (46.2%) patients dialysis was abandoned within the first 6 months, in 5 (17.8%) patients between 6 and 12 months, and in 10 (35.7%) patients beyond 12 months. Estimated dialysis‐free survival was 94.4% (SE 0.054) and 82% (SE 0.095) at 12 and 24 months, respectively. All physicians must be aware of possible kidney function improvement. In patients with preserved diuresis fall in periodical urea or creatinine measurements might be a sign of renal recovery.
No Direct Survival Effect of Light to Moderate Alcohol Drinking in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Muscari Antonio , Bianchi Giampaolo , Conte Camilla , Forti Paola , Magalotti Donatella , Pandolfi Paolo , Vaccheri Alberto , Zoli Marco ,   the Pianoro Study Group
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo assess the relationship between light to moderate alcohol consumption and mortality, particularly accounting for baseline health status and physical activity.DesignProspective, longitudinal, population‐based study.SettingThe Pianoro Study, which consisted of community‐dwelling older adults in three towns in northern Italy.ParticipantsNoninstitutionalized individuals of both sexes aged 65 and older (N = 5,256; 2,318 abstainers, 2,309 light to moderate drinkers (≤2 alcoholic units/d)).MeasurementsBaseline information about demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, physical activity (Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE)), perceived health status (visual analog scale (VAS)), dependency level, risk factors, and previous cardiovascular events was obtained using a structured questionnaire. Follow‐up information was obtained 6 years later from 2,752 survivors, and mortality information was obtained from death certificates.ResultsMale sex, being physically active, and good health status were independently associated with light to moderate drinking (P < .001). An apparent protective effect of light to moderate drinking on mortality was evident in the unadjusted analysis and after adjusting for age, sex, risk factors, and cardiovascular events (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.68–0.88, P < .001), but after also adjusting for PASE and VAS, the relationship was no longer significant (aHR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.80–1.05, P = .19). Follow‐up physical activity was associated with baseline alcohol consumption; baseline physical activity did not predict alcohol consumption during follow‐up.ConclusionAfter accounting for health status and physical activity, light to moderate alcohol drinking had no direct protective effect on mortality.
Environmental Impacts of Energy‐Efficient Pyrometallurgical Copper Smelting Technologies: The Consequences of Technological Changes from 2010 to 2050
Authors: Kulczycka Joanna , Lelek Łukasz , Lewandowska Anna , Wirth Herbert , Bergesen Joseph D. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe article analyzes and discusses the environmental and natural resource impacts, benefits, and greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation potential associated with a long‐term transition to more energy‐efficient pyrometallurgical smelting technologies for the production of refined copper. Using generic data from the KGHM Polska Miedź S.A, Glogow I and II smelting facilities in Poland, this study employs life cycle assessment (LCA) to compare the environmental impacts of shaft and flash furnace‐based smelting technologies. Additionally, this analysis accounts for likely technological changes in the more energy‐efficient flash furnace smelting technologies and electricity generation from 2030 to 2050 to forecast the long‐term impacts of copper production. Life cycle impact assessment results for copper production are characterized using the ReCiPe 2008 midpoint method. LCA results show that, for most impact categories, the flash‐based technology can achieve significantly lower environmental impacts than a shaft furnace (i.e., to produce 1 ton of copper in 2010 generates, on average, a 24% lower overall impact). For climate change, transitioning from shaft furnace‐based copper production to more efficient flash furnace technology leads to decreasing GHG emissions of 29% in 2010, 50% in 2030, and 56% in 2050.
Magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate gastrointestinal function
Authors: Alyami J. , Spiller R. C. , Marciani L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging of gastrointestinal (GI) function has advanced substantially in the last few years. The ability to obtain high resolution images of the undisturbed bowel with tunable tissue contrast and using no ionizing radiation are clear advantages, particularly for children and women of reproductive age. Barriers to diffusion in clinical practice so far include the need to demonstrate clinical value and the burden of data processing. Both difficulties are being addressed and the technique is providing novel insights into both upper and lower GI disorders of function at an ever increasing rate.
One‐Year Clinical Outcome of Pulmonary Vein Isolation Using the Second‐Generation Cryoballoon: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: HE XIN , CHEN YILI , ZHOU YUE , HUANG YIYI , HE JIANGUI 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundThe second‐generation cryoballoon (CB‐2G) is a promising technique to treat atrial fibrillation (AF). It is necessary to summarize and analyze the available data on 1‐year clinical outcome of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) with CB‐2G.MethodsPubMed and the Web of Science were searched in May 2015. Studies that reported the 1‐year clinical success rates after PVI using CB‐2G were included. The 1‐year clinical success rates were pooled using the random‐effect model. Complication rates and acute success rates were also analyzed. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on AF type and ablation strategy.ResultsFifteen studies involving 2,363 AF patients met the inclusion criteria. The overall clinical success rate of PVI using CB‐2G was 81%. A total of 82% of paroxysmal AF patients and 70% of persistent AF patients were in stable sinus rhythm 1 year after the procedure. The clinical success rates of the “no‐bonus” strategy were 81% in all patients, 82% in paroxysmal AF patients, and 73% in persistent AF patients. The corresponding success rates of the “bonus” strategy were 81%, 83%, and 63%. Acute success rate was high. The overall rates of phrenic nerve palsy (PNP) and other procedure‐related complications were 5.8% and 1.5%, respectively. Compared with “bonus” strategy, there was a trend of fewer PNPs in “no‐bonus” strategy (4.6% vs 6.5%).ConclusionsCB‐2G is highly effective in the treatment of both paroxysmal AF and persistent AF. The “no‐bonus” strategy is as effective as the “bonus” strategy in terms of 1‐year clinical outcome.