bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of polymerization shrinkage in dental restorative experimental composites based: BisGMA/TEGDMA, filled with MMT
Authors: Campos Luiza Mello de Paiva , Boaro Letícia Cidreira , Ferreira Henrique Perez , dos Santos Letícia Karine Gomes , dos Santos Tamiris Ribeiro , Parra Duclerc Fernandes 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThis work concerns to the investigation of the polymerization shrinkage and mechanical properties in dental restoratives experimental composites filled with nano clay Montmorilonite (MMT) Cloisite® 10A nanoparticles, in glycidyl methacrylate resin, using experimental composites filled with silanized Aerosil OX‐50 Silica as a control group. Six formulations with BisGMA/TEGDMA based polymeric matrix (three added with MMT and three added with silanized silica as filler) containing 50, 60, and 70 wt % were investigated. Characterization of the experimental composites was established with the following analyses: Scanning Electron Microscope, (SEM); Thermo‐Mechanical Analysis, (TMA) for Shrinkage Polymerization; Differential Scanning Calorimetry Analysis (DSC); Knoop Micro Hardness analysis; X‐ray Diffraction (XRD); Degree of Conversion (DC); Elastic Modulus and Flexural Strength; Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Statistical Analyses were realized using two‐way ANOVA (type and amount of filler) and Tukey's test. TMA results showed that composites filled with MMT nanoparticle present statistically lower polymerization shrinkage values and statistically high degree of conversion in all formulations tested, when compared to composites filled with silanized silica. XRD and TEM analyses showed evidences of the intercalation phenomenon in the MMT nanoparticles in relation to BisGMA/TEGDMA polymeric matrix. However, for Flexural Strength, groups filled with MMT nanoparticle showed statistically lower values in all concentration tested. At high filler concentration it was observed the appearance of tactoids and functionalization of MMT nanoparticle did not promote a strong interface adhesion between polymeric matrix and filler. In order to adjust the mechanical properties, it would be convenient to promote the concentration optimization of MMT nanoparticles. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43543.
Physical and antibacterial properties of polyvinyl alcohol films reinforced with quaternized cellulose
Authors: Hu Dongying , Wang Lijuan 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTHydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride cellulose (CM) was homogeneously synthesized in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution. CM was blended in a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to produce composite films via co‐regeneration from the alkaline solution. The PVA film and the blend films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction measurements and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties, water swelling ratio, hydrophobicity, light transmission, and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were also evaluated. The results showed that CM could interact with PVA by hydrogen bonding and exhibit an obvious reinforcement effect. The addition of CM improved the surface roughness, hydrophobicity and water swelling ratio, especially, the antibacterial activity. However, compared with neat PVA film, the elasticity and optical transmission decreased. The increased tensile strength, powerful antibacterial activity, and medium light transmission indicate that the biocompatible blend film will become an exceptional alternative in functional bio‐material field. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43552.
Phenylene‐Bridged Core‐Modified Planar Aromatic Octaphyrin: Aromaticity, Photophysical and Anion Receptor Properties
Authors: Karthik Ganesan , Cha Won‐Young , Ghosh Arindam , Kim Taeyeon , Srinivasan A. , Kim Dongho , Chandrashekar Tavarekere K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of a planar expanded meso porphyrin with an intramolecular para‐phenylene‐bridged core is reported. The planarity of the octaphyrin macrocycle was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis, in which the bridged para‐phenylene unit deviated by 27° from the mean macrocyclic plane. Spectroscopic analyses and theoretical calculations suggested that the macrocycle was Hückel aromatic and followed a major [34 π] single‐conjugation pathway, which indicated that the bridging para‐phenylene unit was not involved in the macrocyclic conjugation. Analysis of the photophysical properties of this system by steady‐state absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy and transient absorption spectroscopy revealed moderate enhancement in the parameters of the octaphyrin as compared to its non‐bridged octaphyrin congeners, which was attributed to the planarity and rigidity of the macrocycle as imposed by the bridging para‐phenylene unit. Preliminary anion‐binding studies revealed that the protonated macrocycle bound selectively with chloride ions through N−H⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen‐bonding interactions.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Pleiogenone A: An Antiproliferative Trihydroxyalkylcyclohexenone Isolated from Pleiogynium timorense
Authors: Froese Jordan , Overbeeke Cameron , Hudlicky Tomas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe first total synthesis of polyhydroxylated cyclohexenone 1, isolated from Pleiogynium timorense and named pleiogenone A, is reported that also serves as a proof of structure and absolute configuration. Enzymatic dihydroxylation of benzoic acid with R. eutrophus B9 provided enantiomerically pure diene diol 6. Elaboration of the carboxylate moiety to the alkyl side chain was followed by singlet oxygen cycloaddition to furnish an endoperoxide whose reduction with thiourea led to cyclitol 19. Several protective operations were required before oxidation and the final extension of the side chain by a Wittig reaction. After final deprotection of the acetonide functionality the desired pleiogenone A (1) was obtained in 14 operations from benzoic acid.
The impact of FNAC in the management of salivary gland lesions: Institutional experiences leading to a risk‐based classification scheme
Authors: Rossi Esther Diana , Wong Lawrence Q. , Bizzarro Tommaso , Petrone Gianluigi , Mule Antonio , Fadda Guido , Baloch Zubair M. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has proven its value as an essential step in the diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Although the majority of salivary gland lesions, especially those that are common and benign, can be diagnosed with ease on FNAC, limited cellularity and morphologic lesion heterogeneity can pose diagnostic challenges and lead to false‐positive and false‐negative diagnoses. This study presents the institutional experience of FNAC of salivary gland lesions from 2 academic centers.METHODSA retrospective analysis was conducted on 1729 salivary gland FNAC specimens that were diagnosed over an 8‐year period from January 2008 to March 2015. All samples were processed either with liquid‐based cytology alone or in combination with air‐dried, Diff‐Quik–stained or alcohol‐fixed, Papanicolaou‐stained smears.RESULTSSurgical excision was performed in 709 of 1749 FNACs (41%) that were diagnosed as nondiagnostic/inadequate (n = 29), benign (n = 111), neoplasm (n = 453), atypical (n = 15), suspicious for malignancy (n = 28), and malignant (n = 73). The overall concordance between cytologic and histologic diagnoses was 92.2%, with 91.8% concordance in the benign category and 89.5% concordance in cases diagnosed as suspicious for malignancy and malignant. The most frequent benign and malignant lesions were pleomorphic adenoma and squamous cell carcinoma, respectively. There were 46 false‐negative and 13 false‐positive results, leading to an overall specificity of 97.6% and diagnostic accuracy of 91.3%.CONCLUSIONSFNAC is a reliable diagnostic modality for the diagnosis and management of salivary gland lesions based on its high specificity and diagnostic accuracy. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:388–96. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Direct evidence of allele equivalency at the Dlx5/6 locus
Authors: Bendall Andrew J. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYThe retention of paralogous regulatory genes is a vertebrate hallmark and likely underpinned vertebrate origins. Dlx genes belong to a family of paralogous transcription factors whose evolutionary history of gene expansion and divergence is apparent from the gene synteny, shared exon–intron structure, and coding sequence homology found in extant vertebrate genomes. Dlx genes are expressed in a nested combination within the first pharyngeal arch and knockout studies in mice clearly point to a “Dlx code” that operates to define maxillary and mandibular position in the first arch. The nature of that code is not yet clear; an important goal for understanding Dlx gene function in both patterning and differentiation lies in distinguishing functional inputs that are paralog‐specific (a qualitative model) versus Dlx family‐generic (a quantitative model) and, in the latter case, the relative contribution made by each paralog. Here, multiple developmental deficiencies were identified in derivatives of the first pharyngeal arch in neonatal Dlx5/6+/− mice that resembled those seen in either paralog‐specific null mutants. These data clearly demonstrate a substantial degree of allele equivalency and support a quantitative model of Dlx function during craniofacial morphogenesis. genesis 54:272–276, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Applications of Nano‐Hetero‐Junction in Optical and Thermal ­Catalysis
Authors: Liao Fenglin , Lo Benedict T. W. , Tsang Edman 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSemiconductors, metal oxides in particular, are usually regarded as key components in most industrial catalysts. It has been reported that the band structures of semiconductors can significantly influence their catalytic properties. As one of the most effective methods for tuning the band structure of semiconductors, the establishment of nano‐hetero‐junctions in catalysts is attracting increasing attention due to the use of rational design and the facile synthesis procedure. This Microreview covers the applications of nano‐hetero‐junctions in both photocatalytic and traditional thermal catalytic reactions. The applications of these reactions range from removal of pollutants to renewable energy production to new chemical synthesis routes, all of which are closely knitted into our daily lives. In photocatalysis, improvement is mainly attributed to the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes, which prolongs their lifetimes and eventually allows the occurrence of chemical reactions with adsorbed substrate molecules. Our research group were amongst the first to apply this concept in the design of metal/metal oxide catalysts in traditional thermal catalysis. It has been found that the establishment of electronic nano‐hetero‐junctions in support materials with use of two semiconducting metal oxides of different energy levels influences the catalytic properties of the dispersed metal particles from two perspectives: (i) the potential energy upon excitation, created by the charge separation on semiconducting oxide support in proximity to the overlying metal particles, and (ii) under H2, the accumulated electrons on one semiconducting oxide support can facilitate direct reduction of metal cations in this support to metal atoms, while the accumulated holes (activated oxygen) on the other semiconducting oxide are relaxed by water formation through hydrogen oxidation. The metallic atoms from the support surface thus act as modifiers to the primary metal particles through the formation of a bimetallic phase. As a result, the electronic configuration of the supported metal particles can be modified in a subtle manner that consequently influences the catalytic performance. It is believed that this concept of designing nano‐hetero‐junctions should empower scientists to approach new catalytic reactions in a systematic manner, allowing fine‐tuning of catalysts with superior performance.
Functional Dimming of Pincer‐Shaped Bibenzimidazole‐Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Improved Anion‐Sensitive Luminescence
Authors: Sorsche Dieter , Rommel Sebastian A. , Rau Sven 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThree 2,2′‐bibenzimidazole‐bis(4,4′‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine)ruthenium(II) complexes are presented and characterized with respect to their photophysical and structural properties. 4,4′,5,5′‐Tetramethyl‐2,2′‐bibenzimidazole (L0), 4,4′‐di(p‐anisyl)‐2,2′‐bibenzimidazole (L1), and the ruthenium complexes K0 and K1 have been reported previously. The new complex K2 contains the structurally confined ligand 4,4′‐di(o,o′‐dimethyl‐p‐anisyl)‐2,2′‐bibenzimidazole. Owing to substitution at the 4,4′‐positions of the bibenzimidazole ligands, complexes K1 and K2 have pincer‐like geometries, as shown by 1H NMR spectroscopy and XRD studies. The emission intensities of these complexes are dimmed compared with that of K0, whereas titration experiments with tetrabutylammonium (TBA) salts of fluoride, chloride, bromide, and iodide show strongly enhanced sensitivity to hydrogen bonding with chloride and bromide ions, which increases the emission intensity to ca. 300 % of the original value, and they eventually outperform K0. With regard to the luminescence sensitivities, K1 and K2 set a new benchmark among 2,2′‐biimidazole ruthenium(II) colorimetric halide sensors.
Development and aging of superficial white matter myelin from young adulthood to old age: Mapping by vertex‐based surface statistics (VBSS)
Authors: Wu Minjie , Kumar Anand , Yang Shaolin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSuperficial white matter (SWM) lies immediately beneath cortical gray matter and consists primarily of short association fibers. The characteristics of SWM and its development and aging were seldom examined in the literature and warrant further investigation. Magnetization transfer imaging is sensitive to myelin changes in the white matter. Using an innovative multimodal imaging analysis approach, vertex‐based surface statistics (VBSS), the current study vertexwise mapped age‐related changes of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in SWM from young adulthood to old age (30–85 years, N = 66). Results demonstrated regionally selective and temporally heterochronologic changes of SWM MTR with age, including (1) inverted U‐shaped trajectories of SWM MTR in the rostral middle frontal, medial temporal, and temporoparietal regions, suggesting continuing myelination and protracted maturation till age 40–50 years and accelerating demyelination at age 60 and beyond, (2) linear decline of SWM MTR in the middle and superior temporal, and pericalcarine areas, indicating early maturation and less acceleration in age‐related degeneration, and (3) no significant changes of SWM MTR in the primary motor, somatosensory and auditory regions, suggesting resistance to age‐related deterioration. We did not observe similar patterns of changes in cortical thickness in our sample, suggesting the observed SWM MTR changes are not due to cortical atrophy. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1759–1769, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new genotype of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) with decreased susceptibility to fat oxidation: consequences to hematological and biochemical profiles of blood indices
Authors: Króliczewska Bożena , Miśta Dorota , Króliczewski Jarosław , Zawadzki Wojciech , Kubaszewski Rafał , Wincewicz Edyta , Żuk Magdalena , Szopa Jan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDFlaxseed is an alternative to marine products that provide the traditional dietary sources of ω‐fatty acids. A new genotype of flax, W92, is rich in natural antioxidants as well as having a reduced content of α‐linolenic acid and therefore shows decreased susceptibility to fat oxidation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a diet supplemented with W92 flaxseed on hematological and biochemical blood indices.RESULTSA positive impact of diet with the addition of flaxseed was observed on erythrocyte indices, including red blood cell (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) values. There were no significant differences for white blood cell (WBC), total protein and glucose values. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase estimations in serum were also carried out and no obvious toxicity to the liver was shown. Moreover, a lipid profile was performed in serum samples and a decrease in total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), accompanied by an increase in high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), was observed in rabbits fed flaxseed diets.CONCLUSIONBased on the results obtained, it appeared that the inclusion of a new genetically modified type of flaxseed in the diet altered cholesterol metabolism and could reduce the possibility of cardiovascular diseases. Diet enrichment with W92 flaxseed may be a solution to the health issues that are a result of improper diet in humans and animals. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The Psychology of Co‐Branding Alliances: The Business‐to‐Business Relationship Outcomes of Role Stress
Authors: Dahlstrom Robert , Nygaard Arne 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe study investigates the performance effects of postalliance role stress among retail managers. Co‐branded alliances produce dynamic and complex role structures subject to psychological conflict and ambiguity. These co‐branded outlets enable firms to enter markets efficiently, lower relative operating costs, and raise performance. Despite the seemingly ubiquitous use of this strategy, many co‐branded locations yield less than desirable results. The paper employs role theory to investigate whether ambiguity and conflict become more acute in co‐branded outlets. In addition, it investigates whether competence and communication modality constrain role stress. Data gathered with 416 franchisees indicate that co‐branding alliance influences role stress and interorganizational performance.
Relationship Quality in Business to Business Relationships—Reviewing the Current Literatures and Proposing a New Measurement Model
Authors: Jiang Zhizhong , Shiu Eric , Henneberg Stephan , Naude Peter 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTRelationship quality is a central theme in business to business relationships, and it is becoming increasingly important from a theoretical as well as practical perspective to understand and monitor relationship quality. Despite its pivotal role, measurement issues of relationship quality have not been systematically investigated, confounded by a lack of consensus on the dimensions and contents of this construct. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the measures of relationship quality, and proposes the CLOSES scale as a new monitoring tool. This higher order, multidimensional scale reflects the intensity of communication (C), long‐term orientation (LO), and social and economic satisfaction (SES) of a focal actor in a business relationship. Tested with data collected from 404 construction companies and cross‐checked with a second round of data collection from 201 companies in other various industries, using partially multiple respondents, this new scale shows good reliability, convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity, as well as cross‐industry transferability. Thus, future academic research as well as practical management of business relationships is enriched by providing a valid and reliable tool that is not tied to a specific industry setting, to capture the important construct of relationship quality.
Magnetization transfer from inhomogeneously broadened lines (ihMT): Improved imaging strategy for spinal cord applications
Authors: Girard Olivier M. , Callot Virginie , Prevost Valentin H. , Robert Benjamin , Taso Manuel , Ribeiro Guilherme , Varma Gopal , Rangwala Novena , Alsop David C. , Duhamel Guillaume 
Published: March 2016

PurposeInhomogeneous magnetization transfer (ihMT) shows great promise for specific imaging of myelinated tissues. Whereas the ihMT technique has been previously applied in brain applications, the current report presents a strategy for cervical spinal cord (SC) imaging free of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pulsatility artifacts.MethodsA pulsed ihMT preparation was combined with a single‐shot HASTE readout. Electrocardiogram (ECG) synchronization was used to acquire all images during the quiescent phase of SC motion. However ihMT signal quantification errors may occur when a variable recovery delay is introduced in the sequence as a consequence of variable cardiac cycle. A semiautomatic retrospective correction algorithm, based on repetition time (TR) ‐matching, is proposed to correct for signal variations of long T1‐components (e.g., CSF).ResultsThe proposed strategy combining ECG synchronization and retrospective data pairing led to clean SC images free of CSF artifacts. Lower variability of the ihMT metrics were obtained with the correction algorithm, and allowed for shorter TR to be used, hence improving signal‐to‐noise ratio efficiency.ConclusionThe proposed methodology enabled faster acquisitions, while offering robust ihMT quantification and exquisite SC image quality. This opens great perspectives for widening the in vivo characterization of SC physiopathology using MRI, such as studying white matter tracts microstructure or impairment in degenerative pathologies. Magn Reson Med 77:581–591, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Interval spectral stochastic finite element analysis of structures with aggregation of random field and bounded parameters
Authors: Do Duy Minh , Gao Wei , Song Chongmin , Beer Michael 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis paper presents the study on non‐deterministic problems of structures with a mixture of random field and interval material properties under uncertain‐but‐bounded forces. Probabilistic framework is extended to handle the mixed uncertainties from structural parameters and loads by incorporating interval algorithms into spectral stochastic finite element method. Random interval formulations are developed based on K–L expansion and polynomial chaos accommodating the random field Young's modulus, interval Poisson's ratios and bounded applied forces. Numerical characteristics including mean value and standard deviation of the interval random structural responses are consequently obtained as intervals rather than deterministic values. The randomised low‐discrepancy sequences initialized particles and high‐order nonlinear inertia weight with multi‐dimensional parameters are employed to determine the change ranges of statistical moments of the random interval structural responses. The bounded probability density and cumulative distribution of the interval random response are then visualised. The feasibility, efficiency and usefulness of the proposed interval spectral stochastic finite element method are illustrated by three numerical examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.