bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refuge or predation risk? Alternate ways to perceive hiker disturbance based on maternal state of female caribou
Authors: Lesmerises Frédéric , Johnson Chris J. , St‐Laurent Martin‐Hugues 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHuman presence in natural environments is often a source of stress that is perceived by large ungulates as an increased risk of predation. Alternatively, disturbance induced by hikers creates a relatively predator‐free space that may serve as a refuge. We measured the behavioral responses of female caribou to disturbance associated with the presence of hikers during summer in the Gaspésie National Park. We used those data to determine whether caribou responded negatively to human activity (i.e., the predation risk hypothesis) or whether human activity resulted in a decrease in the magnitude of perceived risk (i.e., the refuge hypothesis). Female caribou with a calf spent nearly half of their time feeding, regardless of the presence of a trail or the number of hikers. They also decreased their vigilance near trails when the number of hikers increased. Conversely, lone females fed less frequently and almost doubled the time invested in vigilance under the same circumstances. However, both groups of females moved away from trails during the day, especially in the presence of hikers. We demonstrated that risk avoidance was specific to the maternal state of the individual. Lactating females accommodated the presence of hikers to increase time spent foraging and nutritional intake, providing support for the refuge hypothesis. Alternatively, lone females with lower energetic requirements and no maternal investment in a vulnerable calf appeared less tolerant to risk, consistent with the predation risk hypothesis. Synthesis and applications: Hikers influenced the vigilance–feeding trade‐off in caribou, underlining the importance of appropriate management of linear structures and human activities, especially across the critical habitat of endangered species. Even if some individuals seemed to benefit from human presence, this behavioral adaptation was not sufficient to reduce annual calf mortality associated with predation.
The Impact of Resource Protection on the Transformation of Property Regimes: The cases of Moose hunting and Cod fishing in Norway
Authors: Rysstad Sigurd , Aarset Bernt 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMoose and cod, two traditional natural resources in Norway, exhibited remarkable growth rates in biomass beginning in the 1950s (moose) and 1990s (cod). We explore the evolution of governance institutions for these two resource systems, utilizing a combined longitudinal and comparative approach. We propose that the evolution of species‐specific property regimes paved the way for public governance institutions. While the institutional set‐ups of the property regimes differ for cod and moose resources, responses to critical resource conditions include limitation of access and withdrawal, and increased transferability. The development of the institutions governing these two resources develops towards closure along similar lines set off by endogenous incidents, but the processes are not historically coordinated. We argue that a closed proportional cooperative creates a relative stability in the management of both common pool resources. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Experimental–numerical investigation on the seismic behaviour of moment‐resisting timber frames with densified veneer wood‐reinforced timber joints and expanded tube fasteners
Authors: van Bakel R. , Rinaldin G. , Leijten A. J. M. , Fragiacomo M. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis paper investigates the seismic behaviour of moment‐resisting timber frames with beam‐column joints fastened with expanded tubes and reinforced with densified veneer wood. Laboratory experiments are carried out on single joints to investigate the cyclic behaviour and, more specifically, the impairment of strength, the ductility ratio and the equivalent viscous damping ratio. A phenomenological numerical model is proposed, where the beams and columns are schematized using linear‐elastic beam elements, and the joints with non‐linear hysteretic spring calibrated on the results of the experimental tests. The model is used to analyse some representative moment‐transmitting structures characterised by different number of bays and storeys. After an estimation of the lateral load‐carrying capacity using a pushover analysis, the numerical model is used to estimate the behaviour factor. An incremental dynamic analysis is performed using a set of accelerograms spectrum consistent with a chosen design spectrum. The analyses lead to an estimation of the behaviour factor of 3 and 6 for a portal frame and a five‐storey, three‐bay frame, respectively, which confirms the highly dissipative behaviour of this kind of moment connection. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic wireless network shaping via moving cells: The nomadic nodes case
Authors: Tsoulos George , Bulakci Ömer , Zarbouti Dimitra , Athanasiadou Georgia , Kaloxylos Alexandros 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWithin the Fifth Generation framework of dynamic network topology and moving cells, the nomadic node (NN) concept is seen as a promising paradigm to provide coverage extension and capacity improvement on demand as well as to attain reduced capital expenditure and operational expenditure when compared with fixed‐node deployment, such as microcells. This paper proposes an enabling architecture for the NN operation in the framework of a wireless network, and then analyzes the physical layer aspects of the problem and investigates the performance of NN operation in the context of a realistic multi‐cellular wireless network, with the help of site‐specific propagation modeling and real geographical databases.The produced results provide useful insights into the performance of the NN operation; the results show that the NN operation is beneficial both in line‐of‐sight and non‐line‐of‐sight scenarios and demonstrate that the NN selection strategy, which is based on the backhaul signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio with a 10 dB power window, offers almost identical performance with the optimum end‐to‐end throughput algorithm.
A high‐order backward forward sweep interpolating algorithm for semi‐Lagrangian method
Authors: Mortezazadeh Mohammad , Wang Liangzhu Leon 
Published: January 2017

AbstractConventional semi‐Lagrangian methods often suffer from poor accuracy and imbalance problems of advected properties because of low‐order interpolation schemes used and/or inability to reduce both dissipation and dispersion errors even with high‐order schemes. In the current work, we propose a fourth‐order semi‐Lagrangian method to solve the advection terms at a computing cost of third‐order interpolation scheme by applying backward and forward interpolations in an alternating sweep manner. The method was demonstrated for solving 1‐D and 2‐D advection problems, and 2‐D and 3‐D lid‐driven cavity flows with a multi‐level V‐cycle multigrid solver. It shows that the proposed method can reduce both dissipation and dispersion errors in all regions, especially near sharp gradients, at a same accuracy as but less computing cost than the typical fourth‐order interpolation because of fewer grids used. The proposed method is also shown able to achieve more accurate results on coarser grids than conventional linear and other high‐order interpolation schemes in the literature. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of IL‐18 Serum Level and Its Promoter Polymorphisms in the Saudi Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Patients
Authors: Jabir Nasimudeen R. , Firoz Chelapram K. , Kamal Mohammad A. , Damanhouri Ghazi A. , Alama Mohammed Nabil , Alam Qamre , Haque Absarul , Almehdar Hussein A. , Tabrez Shams 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the current study was to find out the possible changes polymorphic site at the promoter region of IL‐18 gene in Saudi CAD patients. We have also measured serum IL‐18 level to find out, the likely association between its level and polymorphic site. The present study included total 197 subjects (98 confirmed CAD patients both men and women and 99 healthy control individuals). Serum concentration of IL‐18 was measured by enzyme linked immuno‐sorbent assay. For SNPs analysis, sanger method of DNA sequencing was followed. We observed variable numbers of SNPs at −137 C/G, −607 A/C, and −656 T/G promoter sites in our studied samples. However, the observed changes in the number of SNP hotspots were found to be non‐significant compared with control. IL‐18 level was found to be significantly (P < 0.001) elevated in CAD patients compared with control individuals. The highest rise of around 36% (P < 0.001) in IL‐18 level was recorded in unstable angina (UA) patients. Moreover, the group belonging to UA and non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) showed only 6% rise. On the basis of our result, inflammation seems to have a role in the pathogenesis of CAD but not leading to the significant changes at the genetic level. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1849–1854, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
α‐Tocopheryl Phosphate Induces VEGF Expression via CD36/PI3Kγ in THP‐1 Monocytes
Authors: Zingg Jean‐Marc , Azzi Angelo , Meydani Mohsen 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe CD36 scavenger receptor binds several ligands and mediates ligand uptake and ligand‐dependent signal transduction and gene expression, events that may involve CD36 internalization. Here we show that CD36 internalization in THP‐1 monocytes is triggered by α‐tocopherol (αT) and more strongly by α‐tocopheryl phosphate (αTP) and EPC‐K1, a phosphate diester of αTP and L‐ascorbic acid. αTP‐triggered CD36 internalization is prevented by the specific covalent inhibitor of selective lipid transport by CD36, sulfo‐N‐succinimidyl oleate (SSO). Moreover, SSO inhibited the CD36‐mediated uptake of 14C‐labelled αTP suggesting that αTP binding and internalization of CD36 is involved in cellular αTP uptake, whereas the uptake of αT was less affected. Similar to that, inhibition of selective lipid transport of the SR‐BI scavenger receptor resulted mainly in reduction of αTP and not αT uptake. In contrast, uptake of αT was mainly inhibited by Dynasore, an inhibitor of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis, suggesting that the differential regulatory effects of αTP and αT on signaling may be influenced by their different routes of uptake. Interestingly, αTP and EPC‐K1 also reduced the neutral lipid content of THP‐1 cells and the phagocytosis of fluorescentStaphylococcus aureusbioparticles. Moreover, induction of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promoter activity by αTP occurred via CD36/PI3Kγ/Akt, as it could be inhibited by specific inhibitors of this pathway (SSO, Wortmannin, AS‐605240). These results suggest that αTP activates PI3Kγ/Akt signaling leading to VEGF expression in monocytes after binding to and/or transport by CD36, a receptor known to modulate angiogenesis in response to amyloid beta, oxLDL, and thrombospondin. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1855–1867, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Engaging populations living with vulnerable conditions in community‐based research: A concept mapping approach to understanding positive practices
Authors: Stack‐Cutler Holly , Schnirer Laurie , Dare Lynn 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe goal of this research is to identify positive practices used when conducting community‐based research with people living with vulnerable conditions. Community‐based research practitioners who participated in the research included 37 researchers, community partners, program planners, and government employees, working in health, human services, children and youth, and education sectors. Concept mapping, a participatory stakeholder‐driven process, was used to generate a framework of how community‐based research practitioners responded to the complex environments of people living with vulnerable conditions when conducting research. Respondents generated positive practices, determined relationships among practices, and rated practices on frequency of use and perceived effectiveness. This study revealed 7 clusters of positive practices: ethical practices, participant supports, social accountability, community involvement, language competence, financial compensation, and project management.
Nanomaterial processing strategies in functional hybrid materials for wastewater treatment using algal biomass
Authors: Eroglu Ela , Raston Colin L 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlgal cultivation has tremendous potential in wastewater treatment, and its simultaneous biomass production has advantages for the production of value added products such as biodiesel, fertilizers and pharmaceuticals. Some obstacles to obtaining a productive biological water treatment and bioenergy system are the harvesting and processing of biomass. Such issues can be addressed using nano‐bio hybridization approaches by simplifying the microbial harvesting step along with increasing the efficiency of wastewater treatment. This review highlights studies within our research group that are based on the fabrication of functional hybrid materials using algal biomass, including: (i) electrospun nanofibers; (ii) laminar nanomaterials; and (iii) magnetic nanoparticles impregnated in a polymer. All of these techniques have been used for the removal of waste pollutants such as nitrate and phosphate ions. The multidisciplinary techniques have potential to provide effective algal culture systems for industrial applications, while having a significant impact on wastewater treatment. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative study of the binding of 3 flavonoids to the fat mass and obesity‐associated protein by spectroscopy and molecular modeling
Authors: Zhang Lijiao , Ren Ting , Wang Zechun , Wang Ruiyong , Chang Junbiao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the interaction between 3 flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin, and naringenin) and fat mass and obesity‐associated protein by fluorescence, ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. Results indicate that the intrinsic fluorescence of fat mass and obesity‐associated protein can be quenched by the 3 flavonoids through a static quenching procedure. Thermodynamic analysis and molecular modeling results suggest that hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen bond forces play the major roles in the binding process. Moreover, results also show that the rank order of quenching constant and binding constant is quercetin > apigenin > naringenin.
Platysma‐sparing vascularized submental lymph node flap transfer for extremity lymphedema
Authors: Poccia Igor , Lin Chia‐Yu , Cheng Ming‐Huei 
Published: January 2017

Background and ObjectivesDue to its consistent vascular and lymphatic anatomy, the vascularized submental lymph node flap is a reliable option for lymphedema treatment. Despite these advantages, flap harvest requires resection of platysma, which may cause a marginal mandibular nerve pseudo‐paralysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the donor site morbidity of an innovative platysma‐sparing vascularized submental lymph node flap transfer for treating extremity lymphedema.MethodsTen patients undergoing platysma sparing submental lymph‐node flap harvest were prospectively enrolled in the study and compared with a control group of 10 patients who underwent standard submental lymph‐node flap harvest. Photogrammetry analysis was used to assess donor site morbidity with regards to marginal mandibular nerve pseudo‐paralysis.ResultsAll flaps survived. No necrosis of the skin paddle was observed in both groups. There were no marginal mandibular nerve palsies in both group. There were no cases of marginal mandibular nerve pseudo‐paralysis in the platysma sparing group.ConclusionsThe platysma sparing submental flap, while offering comparable functional improvement for extremity lymphedema, has the advantages of maximizing nerve and muscular preservation, significantly reducing donor site morbidity. J. Surg. Oncol. 2017;115:48–53. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A neural network ensemble downscaling system (SIBILLA) for seasonal forecasts over Italy: winter case studies
Authors: Amendola Stefano , Maimone Filippo , Pasini Antonello , Ciciulla Fabrizio , Pelino Vinicio 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA novel statistical downscaling system for seasonal predictions is presented, based on an ensemble of neural networks with Bayesian regularization. The systemSIBILLA(Statistical Integrated Bayesian Informationsystem for Large to Localarea Analysis) is able to take multiple predictor fields and/or time series as inputs. Gridded fields are compressed using empirical orthogonal functions, and a canonical correlation analysis is performed between predictors and each predictand. The first canonical variates are used as effective predictors in a neural network ensemble system. Final outputs for each parameter are expressed as a probability distribution for each station/grid point in the space of observations, as a result of the convolution of Gaussian mixtures. A first example of application in the Italian area is presented. An overall increase in skill score performances with respect to European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) System 4 direct model output for the period 1981–2010 was found, even if probably not as high as desirable in a fully operational system.
Adults with initial metabolic syndrome have altered muscle deoxygenation during incremental exercise
Authors: Machado Alessandro da Costa , Barbosa Thales Coelho , Kluser Sales Allan Robson , de Souza Marcio Nogueira , da Nóbrega Antonio Claudio Lucas , Silva Bruno Moreira 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveReduced aerobic power is independently associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS) incidence and prevalence in adults. This study investigated whether muscle deoxygenation (proxy of microvascular O2 extraction) during incremental exercise is altered in MetS and associated with reduced oxygen consumption (
O2peak).MethodsTwelve men with initial MetS (no overt diseases and medication‐naive; mean ± SD, age 38 ± 7 years) and 12 healthy controls (HCs) (34 ± 7 years) completed an incremental cycling test to exhaustion, in which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange (metabolic analyzer), as well as vastus lateralis deoxygenation (near infrared spectroscopy), were measured.ResultsSubjects with MetS, in contrast to HCs, showed lower
O2peak normalized to total lean mass, similar
O2 response to exercise, and earlier break point (BP) in muscle deoxygenation. Consequently, deoxygenation slope from BP to peak exercise was greater. Furthermore, absolute
O2peak was positively associated with BP in correlations adjusted for total lean mass.ConclusionsMetS, without overt diseases, altered kinetics of muscle deoxygenation during incremental exercise, particularly at high‐intensity exercise. Therefore, the balance between utilization and delivery of O2 within skeletal muscle is impaired early in MetS natural history, which may contribute to the reduction in aerobic power.
Sensorless speed H∞ control for PMSM based on energy function
Authors: Wu Zhong‐qiang , Wu Chang‐han , Jia Wen‐jing , Zhao Li‐ru 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIn this paper, a kind of sensorless speed H∞ control method for PMSM based on energy function is researched. In order to control the angular speed of motor rotator effectively, at first the Hamilton model of PMSM is shaped without considering disturbance, then the rotator speed can be controlled to reach the expected value. Considered disturbance, a H∞ controller based on the Hamilton function is designed. A kind of observer is designed by the method of expansion plus feedback based on the Hamilton function and used to measure the angular speed of rotator, and the sensorless speed shaped plusing H∞ control is achieved. The simulation result shows that the shaping plus H∞ control based on the observer can estimate the angular speed of rotator accurately, restrain the voltage fluctuation of grid and control the angular speed of rotator effectively.
Renewable resource modified polyol derived aliphatic hyperbranched polyurethane as a biodegradable and UV‐resistant smart material
Authors: Bayan Rajarshi , Karak Niranjan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRenewable resource tailored tough, elastomeric, biodegradable, smart aliphatic hyperbranched polyurethanes were synthesized using castor oil modified polyol containing fatty amide triol, glycerol, diethanolamine and monoglyceride of sunflower oil via an Ax + By (x, y ≥ 2) approach. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the synthesis of solely aliphatic hyperbranched polyurethanes by employing renewable resources. The synthesized polyurethanes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, NMR and XRD techniques. The hyperbranched polyurethanes exhibited good mechanical properties, especially elongation at break (668%), toughness (32.16 MJ m−3) and impact resistance (19.02 kJ m−1); also high thermal stability (above 300 °C) and good chemical resistance. Also, the hyperbranched polyurethanes were found to show adequate biodegradability and significant UV light resistance. Moreover, they demonstrated excellent multi‐stimuli‐driven shape recovery ability (up to 97%) under direct sunlight (105 lux), thermal energy (50 °C) and microwave irradiation (450 W). The performance of the hyperbranched polyurethanes was compared with renewable resource based and synthetic linear polyurethane to judge the superiority of the hyperbranched architecture. Therefore, these new aliphatic macromolecules hold significant promise as smart materials for advanced applications. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Improved synthetic route to quinoxyfen photometabolite 2‐chloro‐10‐fluorochromeno[2,3,4‐de]quinoline
Authors: Johnson Peter L , Kister Jeremy , Thornburgh Scott 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDQuinoxyfen is a fungicide developed by Dow AgroSciences for the control of powdery mildew. Re‐registration studies required gram quantities of 2‐chloro‐10‐fluorochromeno[2,3,4‐de]quinoline, a photometabolite of quinoxyfen. The only previous method of preparation of this photometabolite was by photolysis of quinoxyfen in less than 1% yield. Therefore, a new method allowing for the preparation of this photometabolite in gram quantities was required.RESULTSSeveral different metal catalyzed intramolecular cyclization approaches were investigated for the synthesis of 2‐chloro‐10‐fluorochromeno[2,3,4‐de]quinoline. While most methods failed to provide the desired product from a 2‐bromophenyl derivative of quinoxyfen, a novel one‐pot two‐step synthesis led to the desired material in good yield from quinoxyfen.CONCLUSIONA short and efficient synthetic route was developed to access 2‐chloro‐10‐fluorochromeno[2,3,4‐de]quinoline from readily available (4‐fluoro‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)boronic acid and quinoxyfen and was found to be scalable, which enabled the preparation of the desired photometabolite in gram quantities thus meeting material requirements to complete regulatory studies for the re‐registration of quinoxyfen. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry