bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coordination‐Driven Self‐Assembly and Anticancer Potency Studies of Ruthenium–Cobalt‐Based Heterometallic Rectangles
Authors: Singh Nem , Jang Sunphil , Jo Jae‐Ho , Kim Dong Hwan , Park Dae Won , Kim InHye , Kim Hyunuk , Kang Se Chan , Chi Ki‐Whan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThree new cobalt–ruthenium heterometallic molecular rectangles, 1–3, were synthesized through the coordination‐driven self‐assembly of a new cobalt sandwich donor, (η5‐Cp)Co[C4‐trans‐Ph2(4‐Py)2] (L; Cp: cyclopentyl; Py: pyridine), and one of three dinuclear precursors, [(p‐cymene)2Ru2(OO∩OO)2Cl2] [OO∩OO: oxalato (A1), 5,8‐dioxido‐1,4‐naphthoquinone (A2), or 6,11‐dioxido‐5,12‐naphthacenedione (A3)]. All of the self‐assembled architectures were isolated in very good yield (92–94 %) and were fully characterized by spectroscopic analysis; the molecular structures of 2 and 3 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The anticancer activities of bimetallic rectangles 1–3 were evaluated with a 3‐[4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl]‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, an autophagy assay, and Western blotting. Rectangles 1–3 showed higher cytotoxicity than doxorubicin in AGS human gastric carcinoma cells. In addition, the autophagic activities and apoptotic cell death ratios were increased in AGS cells by treatment with 1–3; the rectangles induced autophagosome formation by promoting LC3‐I to LC3‐II conversion and apoptotic cell death by increasing caspase‐3/7 activity. Our results suggest that rectangles 1–3 induce gastric cancer cell death by modulating autophagy and apoptosis and that they have potential use as agents for the treatment of human gastric cancer.
Excited States of Xanthene Analogues: Photofragmentation and Calculations by CC2 and Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory
Authors: Kulesza Alexander Jan , Titov Evgenii , Daly Steven , Włodarczyk Radosław , Megow Jörg , Saalfrank Peter , Choi Chang Min , MacAleese Luke , Antoine Rodolphe , Dugourd Philippe 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the SpectroBio group at the Institut Lumière Matière in Lyon. The image shows the composition of our experimental–theoretical work: a photo of our nanosecond laser setup in the background with the laser‐pulse dependent photofragmentation spectra is the central element. Further elements are the Jacobian matrix for calculating CC2 transition energies, a natural transition orbital, and the energy levels and processes used for constructing the photofragmentation model. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201600650.
Long-wavelength optical logging for high-resolution detection of ash layers in glacier ice
Authors: CHAN WING S. , MAH MERLIN L. , BAY RYAN C. , TALGHADER JOSEPH J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTA new instrument for high-resolution optical logging has been built and tested in Antarctica. Its purpose is to obtain records of volcanic products and other scattering features, such as bubbles and impurities, preserved in polar ice sheets, and it achieves this by using long wavelength near-infrared light that is absorbed by the ice before many scattering events occur. Longer wavelengths ensure that the return signal is composed primarily of a single or few backscattering event(s) that limit its spatial spread. The compact optical logger features no components on its body that draw power, which minimizes its size and weight. A prototype of the logger was built and tested at Siple Dome A borehole, and the results were correlated with prior optical logging profiles and records of volcanic products from collected ice core samples.
Favourableness and connectivity of a Western Iberian landscape for the reintroduction of the iconic Iberian ibexCapra pyrenaica
Authors: Torres Rita T. , Carvalho João , Serrano Emmanuel , Helmer Wouter , Acevedo Pelayo , Fonseca Carlos 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTraditional land use practices declined throughout many of Europe's rural landscapes during the 20th century. Rewilding (i.e. restoring ecosystem functioning with minimal human intervention) is being pursued in many areas, and restocking or reintroduction of key species is often part of the rewilding strategy. Such programmes require ecological information about the target areas but this is not always available. Using the example of the Iberian ibexCapra pyrenaicawithin the Rewilding Europe framework we address the following questions: (1) Are there areas in Western Iberia that are environmentally favourable for reintroduction of the species? (2) If so, are these areas well connected with each other? (3) Which of these areas favour the establishment and expansion of a viable population of Iberian ibex in a reintroduction programme? We modelled environmental favourableness for the species in the Iberian Peninsula using a logistic regression with a forward–backward stepwise procedure, and assessed landscape connectivity using a graph analytical approach after downscaling the model to the Western Iberia region. Our results indicate that several habitat patches in the study area present favourable environmental conditions for reintroduction of the Iberian ibex. Overall, most of the habitat connectivity was concentrated in northern and central patches. We highlight the potential and practical application of the analytical protocol used, for successful integration of species distribution modelling and landscape connectivity in the design of broad-scale reintroduction and recovery programmes.
Genome-wide compendium and functional assessment of in vivo heart enhancers
Authors: Dickel Diane E. , Barozzi Iros , Zhu Yiwen , Fukuda-Yuzawa Yoko , Osterwalder Marco , Mannion Brandon J. , May Dalit , Spurrell Cailyn H. , Plajzer-Frick Ingrid , Pickle Catherine S. , Lee Elizabeth , Garvin Tyler H. , Kato Momoe , Akiyama Jennifer A. , Afzal Veena , Lee Ah Young , Gorkin David U. , Ren Bing , Rubin Edward M. , Visel Axel , Pennacchio Len A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhole-genome sequencing is identifying growing numbers of non-coding variants in human disease studies, but the lack of accurate functional annotations prevents their interpretation. We describe the genome-wide landscape of distant-acting enhancers active in the developing and adult human heart, an organ whose impairment is a predominant cause of mortality and morbidity. Using integrative analysis of >35 epigenomic data sets from mouse and human pre- and postnatal hearts we created a comprehensive reference of >80,000 putative human heart enhancers. To illustrate the importance of enhancers in the regulation of genes involved in heart disease, we deleted the mouse orthologs of two human enhancers near cardiac myosin genes. In both cases, we observe in vivo expression changes and cardiac phenotypes consistent with human heart disease. Our study provides a comprehensive catalogue of human heart enhancers for use in clinical whole-genome sequencing studies and highlights the importance of enhancers for cardiac function.
Inflammatory markers and clinical characteristics for predicting persistent positivity of interferon gamma release assay in dialysis population
Authors: Shu Chin-Chung , Hsu Chia-Lin , Lee Chih-Yuan , Wu Vin-Cent , Yang Feng-Jung , Wang Jann-Yuan , Yu Chong-Jen , Lee Li-Na 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) is useful for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), however the rate of negative conversion is high, especially in dialysis patients. Few studies have focused on predicting persistently positive patients who are at high risk of tuberculosis reactivation. We screened dialysis patients, and used QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-tube (QFT-GIT) to identify LTBI. Of the 157 participants who had initially positive QFT-GIT, 82 had persistently positivity and 75 had negative conversion. The persistently positive group were younger, more were current smokers, and had higher plasma level of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and QFT-GIT responses than the negative conversion group. Multivariate logistic regression for persistent positivity revealed that high plasma sTREM-1 and QFT-GIT response, young age and TB contact history were independent factors. Currently smoking had borderline significance. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve using the multi-factor model was 0.878, higher than 0.821 by QFT-GIT response of 0.95 IU/ml. In conclusion, dialysis patients with persistent LTBI status may be associated with a young age, high plasma sTREM-1, strong QFT-GIT response, currently smoking, and TB contact history. If resources are limited, these five predictors can be used to prioritize QFT-GIT-positive dialysis patients for LTBI treatment.
Undermining and Strengthening Social Networks through Network Modification
Authors: Mellon Jonathan , Yoder Jordan , Evans Daniel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSocial networks have well documented effects at the individual and aggregate level. Consequently it is often useful to understand how an attempt to influence a network will change its structure and consequently achieve other goals. We develop a framework for network modification that allows for arbitrary objective functions, types of modification (e.g. edge weight addition, edge weight removal, node removal, and covariate value change), and recovery mechanisms (i.e. how a network responds to interventions). The framework outlined in this paper helps both to situate the existing work on network interventions but also opens up many new possibilities for intervening in networks. In particular use two case studies to highlight the potential impact of empirically calibrating the objective function and network recovery mechanisms as well as showing how interventions beyond node removal can be optimised. First, we simulate an optimal removal of nodes from the Noordin terrorist network in order to reduce the expected number of attacks (based on empirically predicting the terrorist collaboration network from multiple types of network ties). Second, we simulate optimally strengthening ties within entrepreneurial ecosystems in six developing countries. In both cases we estimate ERGM models to simulate how a network will endogenously evolve after intervention.
Neocortical grey matter distribution underlying voluntary, flexible vocalizations in chimpanzees
Authors: Bianchi Serena , Reyes Laura D. , Hopkins William D. , Taglialatela Jared P. , Sherwood Chet C. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractVocal learning is a key property of spoken language, which might also be present in nonhuman primate species, such as chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), to a limited degree. While understanding the origins of vocal learning in the primate brain may help shed light on the evolution of speech and language, little is still known regarding the neurobiological correlates of vocal flexibility in nonhuman primates. The current study used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to assess whether the cerebral cortex of captive chimpanzees that learned to voluntarily produce sounds to attract the attention of a human experimenter (attention-getting sounds) differs in grey matter distribution compared to chimpanzees that do not exhibit this behavior. It was found that chimpanzees that produce attention-getting sounds were characterized by increased grey matter in the ventrolateral prefrontal and dorsal premotor cortices. These findings suggest that the evolution of the capacity to flexibly modulate vocal output may be associated with reorganization of regions for motor control, including orofacial movements, in the primate brain.
Construction of CuS/Au Heterostructure through a Simple Photoreduction Route for Enhanced Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution and Photocatalysis
Authors: Basu Mrinmoyee , Nazir Roshan , Fageria Pragati , Pande Surojit 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn efficient Hydrogen evolution catalyst has been developed by decorating Au nanoparticle on the surface of CuS nanostructure following a green and environmental friendly approach. CuS nanostructure is synthesized through a simple wet-chemical route. CuS being a visible light photocatalyst is introduced to function as an efficient reducing agent. Photogenerated electron is used to reduce Au(III) on the surface of CuS to prepare CuS/Au heterostructure. The as-obtained heterostructure shows excellent performance in electrochemical H2 evolution reaction with promising durability in acidic condition, which could work as an efficient alternative for novel metals. The most efficient CuS-Au heterostructure can generate 10 mA/cm2 current density upon application of 0.179 V vs. RHE. CuS-Au heterostructure can also perform as an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutant. This dual nature of CuS and CuS/Au both in electrocatalysis and photocatalysis has been unveiled in this study.
The functional activity and effective connectivity of pulvinar are modulated by individual differences in threat-related attentional bias
Authors: Hakamata Yuko , Sato Eisuke , Komi Shotaro , Moriguchi Yoshiya , Izawa Shuhei , Murayama Norio , Hanakawa Takashi , Inoue Yusuke , Tagaya Hirokuni 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe pulvinar is important in selective attention, particularly to visual stimuli under the focus of attention. However, the pulvinar is assumed to process emotional stimuli even outside the focus of attention, because of its tight connection with the amygdala. We therefore investigated how unattended emotional stimuli affect the pulvinar and its effective connectivity (EC) while considering individual differences in selective attention. fMRI in 41 healthy human subjects revealed that the amygdala, but not the pulvinar, more strongly responded to unattended fearful faces than to unattended neutral faces (UF > UN), although we observed greater EC from the pulvinar to the amygdala. Interestingly, individuals with biased attention toward threat (i.e., attentional bias) showed significantly increased activity (UF > UN) and reduced grey matter volume in the pulvinar. These individuals also exhibited stronger EC from the pulvinar to the attention-related frontoparietal network (FPN), whereas individuals with greater attentional control showed more enhanced EC from the pulvinar to the amygdala, but not the FPN (UF > UN). The pulvinar may filter unattended emotional stimuli whose sensitivity depends on individual threat-related attentional bias. The connectivity patterns of the pulvinar may thus be determined based on individual differences in threat-related attentional bias and attentional control.
Two-dimensional symbiotic solitons and vortices in binary condensates with attractive cross-species interaction
Authors: Ma Xuekai , Driben Rodislav , Malomed Boris A. , Meier Torsten , Schumacher Stefan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe consider a two-dimensional (2D) two-component spinor system with cubic attraction between the components and intra-species self-repulsion, which may be realized in atomic Bose-Einstein condensates, as well as in a quasi-equilibrium condensate of microcavity polaritons. Including a 2D spatially periodic potential, which is necessary for the stabilization of the system against the critical collapse, we use detailed numerical calculations and an analytical variational approximation (VA) to predict the existence and stability of several types of 2D symbiotic solitons in the spinor system. Stability ranges are found for symmetric and asymmetric symbiotic fundamental solitons and vortices, including hidden-vorticity (HV) modes, with opposite vorticities in the two components. The VA produces exceptionally accurate predictions for the fundamental solitons and vortices. The fundamental solitons, both symmetric and asymmetric ones, are completely stable, in either case when they exist as gap solitons or regular ones. The symmetric and asymmetric vortices are stable if the inter-component attraction is stronger than the intra-species repulsion, while the HV modes have their stability region in the opposite case.
Seven 365-Million-Year-Old Trilobites Moulting within a Nautiloid Conch
Authors: Zong Rui-Wen , Fan Ruo-Ying , Gong Yi-Ming 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA nautiloid conch containing many disarticulated exoskeletons ofOmegops cornelius(Phacopidae, Trilobita) was found in the Upper Devonian Hongguleleng Formation of the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin, NW China. The similar number of cephala, thoraces and pygidia, unbroken thoraces, explicit exuviae, and lack of other macrofossils in the conch, indicate that at least seven individual trilobites had moulted within the nautiloid living chamber, using the vacant chamber of a dead nautiloid as a communal place for ecdysis. This exuvial strategy manifests cryptic behaviour of trilobites, which may have resulted from the adaptive evolution induced by powerful predation pressure, unstable marine environments, and competition pressure of organisms occupying the same ecological niche in the Devonian period. The unusual presence of several trilobites moulting within a nautiloid conch is possibly associated with social behaviours in face of a serious crisis. New materials in this study open a window for understanding the survival strategy of marine benthic organisms, especially predator-prey interactions and the behavioural ecology of trilobites in the middle Palaeozoic.
Improving treatment for patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Thomsen Kendra , Zuber Kim , Davis Jane , Thomas Greg 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Kidneys in a Box (KIB) was developed to identify the effect of a performance improvement CME (PI-CME) project on the management of patients with diabetes who are at risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The program provided nonnephrology practitioners with research-based interventions known to slow CKD progression.

Methods:
PAs were given the KIB tool kit, which described the scope of CKD identified high-risk diagnoses such as diabetes, and listed six modifiable risk factors that have been shown to slow progression of diabetic kidney disease when implemented. The PAs self-selected the factor(s) and evaluated 10 charts of patients diagnosed with diabetes before implementing the modifications. After implementing changes for a minimum of 12 weeks, the PAs again self-selected 10 different charts and evaluated the extent of the intervention application. A preintervention/postintervention assessment and demographic sheet were then submitted to the American Academy of Nephrology PAs for CME credit.

Results:
302 PAs completed the program in the first 24 months, with full data available for 213 PAs. Statistically significant improvement was shown in five of the six areas: CKD staging, urine albumin-creatinine ratio (UACR), statin use, over-the-counter (OTC) yellow alert medications, and A1C. Improvement in smoking cessation interventions did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions:
Known interventions to slow progression of diabetic kidney disease can be effective if implemented in early stages of the disease. KIB demonstrates that education focused on the nonnephrology PA can be effective in slowing CKD progression.
Requirements for human natural killer cell development informed by primary immunodeficiency
Authors: Mace Emily M. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose of review
Human natural killer (NK) cell development is poorly understood; however, we gain important insight from cases of human primary immunodeficiency that affect the generation of mature human NK cell subsets. In this review, monogenic primary immunodeficiencies that highlight critical requirements for human NK cell development are discussed.

Recent findings
Increased resolution in NK cell phenotyping has revealed NK cell deficiencies that affect the distribution of NK cell subsets found in peripheral blood. These, in addition to those that prevent the generation of mature NK cells, identify important requirements for the maturation and homeostasis of human NK cells. The serious and often life-threatening viral susceptibility that accompanies these highlights the nonredundant role that NK cells play in human health and disease.

Summary
Human NK cell deficiency may occur in cases where NK cells are present in normal numbers but subsets are affected.
Breast Milk Stem Cells
Authors: Briere Carrie-Ellen , McGrath Jacqueline M. , Jensen Todd , Matson Adam , Finck Christine 
Published: October 2016

Background:
The benefits of breast milk are well described, yet the mechanistic details related to how breast milk protects against acute and chronic diseases and optimizes neurodevelopment remain largely unknown. Recently, breast milk was found to contain stem cells that are thought to be involved in infant development.

Purpose:
The purpose of this review was to synthesize all available research involving the characterization of breast milk stem cells to provide a basis of understanding for what is known and what still needs further exploration.

Methods/Search Strategy:
The literature search was conducted between August and October 2015 using the CINAHL, PubMed, and reference list searching. Nine studies addressed characterization of human breast milk stem cells.

Findings/Results:
Five research teams in 4 countries have published studies on breast milk stem cells. Current research has focused on characterizing stem cells in full-term breast milk. The amount, phenotype, and expression of breast milk stem cells are known to vary between mothers, and they have been able to differentiate into all 3 germ layers (expressing pluripotent characteristics).

Implications for Practice:
There is much to learn about breast milk stem cells. Given the potential impact of this research, healthcare professionals should be aware of their presence and ongoing research to determine benefits for infants.

Implications for Research:
Extensive research is needed to further characterize stem cells in breast milk (full-term and preterm), throughout the stages of lactation, and most importantly, their role in the health of infants, and potential for use in regenerative therapies.
Characteristics and predictors of mortality among frequent users of an Emergency Department in Switzerland
Authors: Griffin Judith L. , Yersin Marie , Baggio Stéphanie , Iglesias Katia , Velonaki Venetia-Sofia , Moschetti Karine , Burnand Bernard , Wasserfallen Jean-Blaise , Vu Francis , Ansermet Corine , Hugli Olivier , Daeppen Jean-Bernard , Bodenmann Patrick 
Published: October 2016

Objectives
Frequent Emergency Department (ED) users have an elevated mortality, yet little is known about risk factors. Our aim was to characterize deceased frequent ED users and determine predictors of mortality.

Methods
This is a post-hoc analysis of all-cause mortality among frequent ED users participating in a randomized clinical trial on case management at the Lausanne University Hospital (Switzerland). We enrolled 250 frequent ED users (5+ visits/past year) in a 12-month randomized clinical trial; those with an estimated survival of fewer than 18 months were excluded. The primary outcome was 12-month all-cause mortality. We performed descriptive statistics to compare the baseline characteristics of living and deceased participants, and examined predictors of all-cause mortality using logistic regressions, including age adjustment.

Results
Twenty of the 250 (8%) frequent users died during the 12-month follow-up. Seven (35%) deaths were because of cardiac causes and six (30%) were because of cancer. The median age at death was 71 years. Deceased participants were older and more likely to report any somatic determinant, chronic illness, and medical comorbidity. Age (odds ratio 1.07, 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.11) and medical comorbidity (odds ratio 4.76, 95% confidence interval 1.86–12.15) were statistically significant predictors of mortality.

Conclusion
Despite excluding those with an estimated survival of fewer than 18 months, 8% of frequent ED users died during the study. Age and medical comorbidity were significant predictors of mortality. Interventions, such as case management, should target older frequent ED users and those with multiple medical conditions, and future research should explore their potential impact on mortality.