bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The pain course: a randomised controlled trial comparing a remote-delivered chronic pain management program when provided in online and workbook formats
Authors: Dear B.F. , Gandy M. , Karin E. , Ricciardi T. , Fogliati V.J. , McDonald S. , Staples L.G. , Perry K. Nicholson , Sharpe L. , Nicholas M.K. , Titov N. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This study compared a remote-delivered pain management program, the Pain Course, when delivered in online and workbook formats. Participants (n = 178) were randomised into 2 groups: (1) an Internet Group (n = 84) who were provided with secure accounts to the program in an online format; or (2) a Workbook Group (n = 94) who were mailed workbook versions of the program. The content of both programs was identical and comprised 5 core lessons, which participants were encouraged to work through over an 8-week period, according to a prescribed timetable. All participants were provided with weekly contact with a clinical psychologist through email and telephone throughout the program. The overall findings suggest that the workbook format was no less effective or acceptable than the validated online format. Significant improvements (avg. improvement; Internet Group vs Workbook Group) in levels of disability (PDI: 16% vs 24%; RMDQ: 12% vs 15%), anxiety (GAD-7: 36% vs 26%), and depression (PHQ-9: 36% vs 36%) were observed in both groups immediately posttreatment. Further improvements were observed in disability levels to 3-month follow-up, and improvements across the other primary outcomes were maintained until 12-month follow-up. High treatment completion rates and levels of satisfaction were reported in both groups, and both groups required a similarly small amount of clinician contact per participant (M = 74.85 minutes; SD = 41.03). These results highlight the public health potential of remote-delivered pain management programs, delivered in either workbook or online formats, as methods of increasing access to pain management.
A role for neurokinin-1 receptor neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla in the development of chronic postthoracotomy pain
Authors: Khasabov Sergey G. , Wang Jeffrey Chi-Fei , Simone Donald A. , Strichartz Gary R. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Thoracotomy results in chronic postoperative pain (CPTP) in half of the cases. Earlier findings in rat models of persistent post-surgical pain suggest that spinal pathways are critical for pain onset but not its maintenance. Descending systems from the brain stem modulate nociceptive transmission in the spinal cord and contribute to persistent pain, but their role in chronic postoperative pain has not been studied. Here, we ablated pronociceptive neurokinin-1 receptor (NK-1R)-expressing neurons in the rat rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) to identify their role in CPTP. Cells were ablated by microinjection of the neurotoxin Sar9, Met(O2)11-Substance P (SSP-SAP), either 2 to 3 weeks before (“Prevention” condition) or 10 days after (“Reversal” condition) thoracotomy with rib retraction. Inactive Blank-SAP was the control. Tactile hypersensitivity was defined by lowered force thresholds for nocifensive responses to von Frey filaments applied over the dorsal trunk, and pain-like behavior assessed by the Qualitative Hyperalgesia Profile; both were followed for 5 weeks after surgery. SSP-SAP injection before surgery resulted in ∼95% loss of NK-1R neurons in RVM and prevented postoperative mechano-hypersensitivity. Blank-SAP was ineffective. SSP-SAP given at postoperative day 10 was equally effective in ablating NK-1R neurons but fully reversed mechano-hypersensitivity in only 3 of 9 hypersensitive rats. Fewer rats showed intense pain-like behavior, by Qualitative Hyperalgesia Profile analysis, in the Prevention than in the Control conditions, and the more intense pain behaviors declined along with SSP-SAP-induced Reversal of hypersensitivity. Neurokinin-1 receptor-expressing neurons in RVM appear essential for the development but contribute only partially to the maintenance of CPTP.
Pilot Electroacoustic Analyses of a Sample of Direct-to-Consumer Amplification Products
Authors: Reed Nicholas S. , Betz Joshua , Lin Frank R. , Mamo Sara K. 
Published: April 2017

Objective:
Recent national initiatives from the White House and Institute of Medicine have focused on strategies to increase the accessibility and affordability of hearing loss treatment given the average cost of $4700 for bilateral hearing aids. More affordable direct-to-consumer hearing technologies are increasingly gaining recognition, but the performance of these devices has been poorly studied. We investigated the technical and electroacoustic capabilities of several direct-to-consumer hearing devices to inform otolaryngologists who may be asked by patients to comment on these devices.

Patients/Intervention:
Nine direct-to-consumer hearing devices ranging in retail cost from $144.99 to $395.00 and one direct-to-consumer hearing device with a retail cost of $30.00.

Main Outcome Measure:
Electroacoustic results and simulated real-ear measurements. Main electroacoustic measures are frequency response, equivalent input noise, total harmonic distortion, and maximum output sound pressure level at 90 dB.

Results:
Five devices met all four electroacoustic tolerances presented in this study, two devices met three tolerances, one device met two tolerances, one device met one tolerance, and one device did not meet any tolerances. Nine devices were able to approximate five of nine National Acoustics Laboratories (NAL) targets within 10 dB while only three devices were able to approximate five of nine NAL targets within a more stringent 5 dB.

Conclusion:
While there is substantial heterogeneity among the selection of devices, certain direct-to-consumer hearing devices may be able to provide appropriate amplification to persons with mild-to-moderate hearing loss and serve as alternatives for hearing aids in specific cases.
Coeliac disease: further evidence that biopsy is not always necessary for diagnosis
Authors: Holmes Geoffrey K.T. , Forsyth Julia M. , Knowles Sarah , Seddon Helen , Hill Peter G. , Austin Andrew S. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives
Growing evidence supports the view that the diagnosis of coeliac disease (CD) can be made by serological tests alone, although this approach is still not widely accepted. We previously showed in retrospective and prospective studies that in adults an IgA-tissue transglutaminase antibody cut-off can be defined above which the positive predictive value for CD is 100%. Following a change in the analytical method for measuring the antibody, our objectives were to re-examine this finding in a larger series of adults to ascertain whether a diagnosis of CD can be reliably made in a proportion of patients without the need for small bowel biopsy and to re-evaluate the diagnostic guidelines used in our centre.

Patients and methods
A retrospective analysis was done in an unselected series of 270 adult patients who had small bowel biopsies and serum IgA-tissue transglutaminase antibody levels measured from 2009 to 2014.

Results
At an IgA-tissue transglutaminase antibody cut-off greater than 45 U/ml (>8×upper limit of normal+2SDs) the positive predictive value for CD in this cohort was 100%; 40% of cases were above this cut-off.

Conclusion
We have verified that a diagnosis of CD can be reliably made in a high proportion of adults based on serology alone using the IgA-tissue transglutaminase antibody method specified. These results add to the body of evidence that small bowel biopsy should no longer be considered mandatory for the diagnosis of CD. On the basis of these results the diagnostic guidelines in our centre have been modified.
Scrotal Ultrasonic Features of Congenital Bilateral Absence of Vas Deferens
Authors: Liu Jun , Wang Zhiqian , Zhou MingYang , Li Min , Zhan Weiwei 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveThis article discusses scrotal ultrasonic features of patients with a congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD).MethodsThirty-six patients with CBAVD were examined to obtain image characteristics of the bilateral testicle and epididymis by ultrasound. Each patient received a pathological examination of the sperm by percutaneous epididymal biopsy.ResultsScrotal ultrasonic features were as follows: (1) testicular volumes were normal in all the 36 patients; (2) 21% (15/72) of the heads of epididymis, 67% (48/72) of the heads and bodies of epididymis, and 12% (9/72) of the heads, bodies, and tails of epididymis could be shown in the 72 epididymides of the 36 patients; (3) cystic or tubular dilation of the epididymis was obvious in all 72 abnormal epididymides; and (4) bilateral vas deferens could not be found in these patients. Johnsen's grading of sperm in all the 36 patients received a score of 7 or higher (scale of 10, lower numbers denote greater dysfunction).ConclusionsUltrasonography images of the scrotum revealed characteristics that were commonly present in patients with CBAVD. Therefore, this method is helpful to diagnose CBAVD by identifying the features of epididymis structural abnormalities and cystic or tubular dilation of the epididymis.
Developing Team Cognition
Authors: Fernandez Rosemarie , Shah Sachita , Rosenman Elizabeth D. , Kozlowski Steve W. J. , Parker Sarah Henrickson , Grand James A. 
Published: April 2017

Summary Statement
Simulation has had a major impact in the advancement of healthcare team training and assessment. To date, most simulation-based training and assessments focus on the teamwork behaviors that impact team performance, often ignoring critical cognitive, motivational, and affective team processes. Evidence from team science research demonstrates a strong relationship between team cognition and team performance and suggests a role for simulation in the development of this team-level construct. In this article, we synthesize research from the broader team science literature to provide foundational knowledge regarding team cognition and highlight best practices for using simulation to target team cognition.
The BIOCARD Index
Authors: Sacktor Ned , Soldan Anja , Grega Maura , Farrington Leonie , Cai Qing , Wang Mei-Cheng , Gottesman Rebecca F. , Turner Raymond S. , Albert Marilyn 
Published: April 2017

Background:Changes in neuropsychological testing, neuroimaging, and cerebrospinal fluid may precede mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, these markers are not routinely performed in outpatient clinical visits.Objective:To evaluate whether a simple clinical index, consisting of questions given to patients and their informants, could predict the onset of symptoms of MCI among cognitively normal individuals.Materials and Methods:Two hundred twenty-two participants in the BIOCARD study received a detailed history, physical examination, and neuropsychological testing annually. An index was calculated by including questions about memory problems, depression, age, education, history of cerebrovascular disease risk factors, and brain injury, family history of dementia, and the Mini-Mental State examination score. Cox regression analyses were used to determine if this index score was related to diagnosis of MCI.Results:The BIOCARD Index score mean for individuals who progressed to MCI was 20.3 (SD=2.9), whereas the score for individuals who remained normal was 24.8 (SD=2.3) (P<0.001) [hazard ratio, SE for subsequent diagnosis of MCI=0.75 (0.67 to 0.84);P<0.001].Conclusions:Lower BIOCARD Index score predicted symptoms of MCI several years before the MCI diagnosis. The BIOCARD Index can be easily used in clinics to identify cognitively normal older individuals who are at risk for deterioration.
Tau-PET Binding Distinguishes Patients With Early-stage Posterior Cortical Atrophy From Amnestic Alzheimer Disease Dementia
Authors: Day Gregory S. , Gordon Brian A. , Jackson Kelley , Christensen Jon J. , Rosana Ponisio Maria , Su Yi , Ances Beau M. , Benzinger Tammie L.S. , Morris John C. 
Published: April 2017

Background:
Flortaucipir (tau) positron emission tomography (PET) binding distinguishes individuals with clinically well-established posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) due to Alzheimer disease (AD) from cognitively normal (CN) controls. However, it is not known whether tau-PET binding patterns differentiate individuals with PCA from those with amnestic AD, particularly early in the symptomatic stages of disease.

Methods:
Flortaucipir and florbetapir (β-amyloid) PET imaging were performed in individuals with early-stage PCA (N=5), amnestic AD dementia (N=22), and CN controls (N=47). Average tau and β-amyloid deposition were quantified using standard uptake value ratios and compared at a voxelwise level, controlling for age.

Results:
PCA patients [median age-at-onset, 59 (51 to 61) years] were younger at symptom onset than similarly staged individuals with amnestic AD [75 (60 to 85) years] or CN controls [73 (61 to 90) years; P=0.002]. Flortaucipir uptake was higher in individuals with early-stage symptomatic PCA versus those with early-stage amnestic AD or CN controls, and greatest in posterior regions. Regional elevations in florbetapir were observed in areas of greatest tau deposition in PCA patients.

Conclusions and Relevance:
Flortaucipir uptake distinguished individuals with PCA and amnestic AD dementia early in the symptomatic course. The posterior brain regions appear to be uniquely vulnerable to tau deposition in PCA, aligning with clinical deficits that define this disease subtype.
Molecular noise accelerates cell division and death under antibiotic treatment
Authors: Chib Savita , Das Suman , Soumya V. , Seshasayee Aswin Sai Narain , Thattai Mukund 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIt is well known that microbial cell populations can exhibit sustained exponential growth. More surprising is the fact that at high antibiotic levels, cell populations exhibit sustained exponential decay over several orders of magnitude. The boundary between growth and decay occurs at the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of the antibiotic, where the density of living cells remains constant over time. These observations suggest that positive (growth) or negative (decay) exponents arise as a difference of cell division and death rates obeying first-order kinetics. Thus for antibiotic concentrations below MIC, division dominates; for concentrations above MIC, death dominates; while MIC itself is a dynamic steady state of balanced division and death, rather than cell stasis. To measure these rates we separately tracked living and dead cells inEscherichia colipopulations treated with the ribosome-targeting antibiotic kanamycin. We found that cells divide rapidly even at MIC: inferred division and death rates at MIC are 0.6 times the antibiotic-free division rate. A stochastic model of cells as collections of self-replicating units we term “widgets” reproduces both steady-state and transient features of our experiments, and explains first-order exponential kinetics. In this model cell division and death rates at MIC can be tuned from low to high values by amplifying molecular noise in the synthesis, degradation and partitioning of the widgets. At extremely low noise, cells approach the classic bacteriostatic limit at MIC: neither dividing nor dying. Noise-induced division and death of cells following antibiotic treatment could increase the likelihood of sepsis and antibiotic resistance.
Predator-induced shell plasticity in mussels hinders predation by drilling snails
Authors: Sherker Zachary T. , Ellrich Julius A. , Scrosati Ricardo A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTSessile invertebrate prey that detect waterborne predator cues often respond by strengthening their structural defenses. Experimental evidence of the functional significance of such modifications using field-raised organisms is lacking. This study addresses that gap using intertidal mussels and predatory dogwhelks from Atlantic Canada. During the spring and summer of 2016, we ran a field experiment that manipulated dogwhelk presence to test their nonconsumptive effects on mussel traits. Dogwhelk cues elicited thickening at the lip, centre, and base of mussel shells, although simultaneously limiting shell growth in length. As shell mass was unaffected by dogwhelk presence, a trade-off between shell thickening and elongation was revealed. Thickening was strongest at the thinnest parts of the shell. Using the field-raised organisms, a lab experiment found that dogwhelks took, on average, 55 % longer to drill and consume mussels previously exposed to dogwhelk cues than mussels grown without such a cue exposure. Dogwhelks drilled at the thinnest parts of the shell but, nonetheless, the consumed cue-exposed mussels had thicker shells at the borehole than the consumed mussels not exposed to cues, which likely explains the observed difference in handling time. As handling time normally decreases predation success, this study indicates that the plastic structural modifications in mussels triggered by dogwhelk cues in the field hinder predation by these drilling predators.
Unbiased estimate of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates with non-stationary base composition
Authors: Guéguen Laurent , Duret Laurent 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe measure of synonymous and non-synonymous substitution rates (dSanddN) is useful for assessing selection operating on protein sequences or for investigating mutational processes affecting genomes. In particular, the ratiois expected to be a good proxy ofω, the probability of fixation of non-synonymous mutations relative to that of neutral mutations. Standard methods for estimatingdN, dSorωrely on the assumption that the base composition of sequences is at the equilibrium of the evolutionary process. In many clades, this assumption of stationarity is in fact incorrect, and we show here through simulations and through analyses of empirical data that non-stationarity biases the estimate ofdN, dSandω. We show that the bias in the estimate ofωcan be fixed by explicitly considering non-stationarity in the modeling of codon evolution, in a maximum likelihood framework. Moreover, we propose an exact method of estimate ofdNanddSon branches, based on stochastic mapping, that can take into account non-stationarity. This method can be directly applied to any kind of model of evolution of codons, as long as neutrality is clearly parameterized.
Covalent protein labeling by SpyTag-SpyCatcher in fixed cells for super-resolution microscopy
Authors: Pessino Veronica , Citron Rose , Feng Siyu , Huang Bo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLabeling proteins with high specificity and efficiency is a fundamental prerequisite for microscopic visualization of subcellular protein structures and interactions. While the comparatively small size of epitope tags makes them less perturbative to fusion proteins, they require the use of large antibodies that often limit probe accessibility and effective resolution. Here we use the covalent SpyTag-SpyCatcher system as an epitope-like tag for fluorescent labeling of intracellular proteins in fixed cells for both conventional and super-resolution microscopy. We have also applied this method to endogenous proteins via gene editing, demonstrating its high labeling efficiency and capability for isoform-specific labeling.
Client values within post-disaster reconstruction contracting services
Authors: Aliakbarlou Sadegh , Wilkinson Suzanne , Costello Seosamh B. , Jang Hyounseung 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore and prioritize the key client values within contracting services for reconstructing the built environment in post-disaster situations.

Design/methodology/approach
A literature review, semi-structured interviews and questionnaire survey were included in this study. A comparative analysis was used to obtain different perspectives between public and private sectors.

Findings
A total of 39 client values were identified in this study. Clients for disaster reconstruction services put more emphasis on values such as timeliness, availability of resources, competency, building a trust-based relationship, financial stability, and communication techniques than contract price. Public and private clients have a different perspective regarding the importance of the identified values, while these are not statistically significant for the most important values.

Research limitations/implications
The construction literature is focussed on business-as-usual rather than post-disaster reconstruction. To ensure that reconstruction programmes after a disaster are successfully implemented, it is necessary to identify and prioritize the client values within contracting services. Focussing the attention of the service providers on these values is believed to have the greatest impact on the programmes’ success.

Practical implications
Understanding the client values identified by this study can aid contractors to better prepare for reconstruction programmes and provide improved services to clients.

Originality/value
A number of important client values within contracting services that appear to have a bearing on the success of disaster reconstruction programmes were identified in this study.
A normative model for integrating organisations for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation within SADC member states
Authors: Nemakonde Livhuwani David , Van Niekerk Dewald 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Research has demonstrated that governance of disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) have evolved largely in isolation from each other – through different conceptual and institutional frameworks, response strategies and plans, at both international, national and subnational levels. As a result, the management of disaster risk through DRR and CCA is highly fragmented. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the set of actors and their location in government that create and shape governance in DRR and CCA integration within the Southern African Development Community (SADC) member states.

Design/methodology/approach
The study draws upon a range of data collection techniques including a comprehensive literature review relating to DRR and CCA in general and in the SADC member states, face-to-face interviews and an online survey. A mixed method research design was applied to the study with a total of 35 respondents from Botswana, Madagascar, Malawi, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe participating in the face-to-face interviews and an online survey.

Findings
The analysis shows that DRR and CCA are carried out by different departments, agencies and/or ministries in all but three SADC member states, namely, Mozambique, Mauritius and the Seychelles. Participants were able to highlight the different ways in which integration should unfold. In light of this, the paper proposes a normative model to integrate government organisations for DRR and CCA within SADC member states.

Originality/value
The implementation of the model has the potential to accelerate the integration of organisations for DRR and CCA, with the resultant improvement in the implementation of risk reduction strategies and efficient use of resources.