bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental‐genome dosage effects on the transcriptome of F1 hybrid triploid embryos of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Fort Antoine , Tuteja Reetu , Braud Martin , McKeown Peter C. , Spillane Charles 
Published: October 2017

SummaryGenomic imprinting in the seed endosperm could be due to unequal parental‐genome contribution effects in triploid endosperm tissue that trigger parent‐of‐origin specific activation and/or silencing of loci prone to genomic imprinting. To determine whether genomic imprinting is triggered by unequal parental‐genome contribution effects, we generated a whole‐genome transcriptome dataset of F1 hybrid triploid embryos (as mimics of F1 hybrid triploid endosperm). For the vast majority of genes, the parental contributions to their expression levels in the F1 triploid hybrid embryos follow a biallelic and linear expression pattern. While allele‐specific expression (ASE) bias was detected, such effects were predominantly parent‐of‐origin independent. We demonstrate that genomic imprinting is largely absent from F1 triploid embryos, strongly suggesting that neither triploidy nor unequal parental‐genome contribution are key triggers of genomic imprinting in plants. However, extensive parental‐genome dosage effects on gene expression were observed between the reciprocal F1 hybrid embryos, particularly for genes involved in defence response and nutrient reservoir activity, potentially leading to the seed size differences between reciprocal triploids. We further determined that unequal parental‐genome contribution in F1 triploids can lead to overexpression effects that are parent‐of‐origin dependent, and which are not observed in diploid or tetraploid embryos in which the parental‐genome dosage is balanced. Overall, our study demonstrates that neither triploidy nor unequal parental‐genome contribution is sufficient to trigger imprinting in plant tissues, suggesting that genomic imprinting is an intrinsic and unique feature of the triploid seed endosperm.
Rational points on hyperelliptic curves having a marked non-Weierstrass point
Authors: Shankar Arul , Wang Xiaoheng 
Published: October 2017

In this paper, we consider the family of hyperelliptic curves over$\mathbb{Q}$having a fixed genus$n$and a marked rational non-Weierstrass point. We show that when$n\geqslant 9$, a positive proportion of these curves have exactly two rational points, and that this proportion tends to one as$n$tends to infinity. We study rational points on these curves by first obtaining results on the 2-Selmer groups of their Jacobians. In this direction, we prove that the average size of the 2-Selmer groups of the Jacobians of curves in our family is bounded above by 6, which implies a bound of$5/2$on the average rank of these Jacobians. Our results are natural extensions of Poonen and Stoll [Most odd degree hyperelliptic curves have only one rational point, Ann. of Math. (2)180(2014), 1137–1166] and Bhargava and Gross [The average size of the 2-Selmer group of Jacobians of hyperelliptic curves having a rational Weierstrass point, inAutomorphic representations and$L$-functions, Tata Inst. Fundam. Res. Stud. Math., vol. 22 (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 2013), 23–91], where the analogous results are proved for the family of hyperelliptic curves with a marked rational Weierstrass point.
Tonic inhibition of brown adipose tissue sympathetic nerve activity via muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the rostral raphe pallidus
Authors: Conceição Ellen Paula Santos , Madden Christopher J. , Morrison Shaun F. 
Published: October 2017

Key points
A tonically active, muscarinic cholinergic inhibition of rostral raphe pallidus (rRPa) neurons influences thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) independent of ambient temperature conditions.
The tonically active cholinergic input to rRPa originates caudal to the hypothalamus.
Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) activation in rRPa contributes to the inhibition of BAT sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) evoked by activation of neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM).
The RVLM is not the sole source of the muscarinic cholinergic input to rRPa.
Activation of GABA receptors in rRPa does not mediate the cholinergic inhibition of BAT SNA.
AbstractWe sought to determine if body temperature and energy expenditure are influenced by a cholinergic input to neurons in the rostral raphe pallidus (rRPa), the site of sympathetic premotor neurons controlling thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT). Nanoinjections of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) agonist, oxotremorine, or the cholinesterase inhibitor, neostigmine (NEOS), in the rRPa of anaesthetized rats decreased cold‐evoked BAT sympathetic nerve activity (SNA, nadirs: −72 and −95%), BAT temperature (Tbat, −0.5 and −0.6°C), expired CO2 (Exp. CO2, −0.3 and −0.5%) and heart rate (HR, −22 and −41 bpm). NEOS into rRPa reversed the increase in BAT SNA evoked by blockade of GABA receptors in rRPa. Nanoinjections of the mAChR antagonist, scopolamine (SCOP), in the rRPa of warm rats increased BAT SNA (peak: +1087%), Tbat (+1.8°C), Exp. CO2 (+0.7%), core temperature (Tcore, +0.5°C) and HR (+54 bpm). SCOP nanoinjections in rRPa produced similar activations of BAT during cold exposure, following a brain transection caudal to the hypothalamus, and during the blockade of glutamate receptors in rRPa. We conclude that a tonically active cholinergic input to the rRPa inhibits BAT SNA via activation of local mAChR. The inhibition of BAT SNA mediated by mAChR in rRPa does not depend on activation of GABA receptors in rRPa. The increase in BAT SNA following mAChR blockade in rRPa does not depend on the activity of neurons in the hypothalamus or on glutamate receptor activation in rRPa.
Using comprehensive geriatric assessment for quality improvements in healthcare of older people in UK care homes: protocol for realist review within Proactive Healthcare of Older People in Care Homes (PEACH) study
Authors: Zubair Maria , Chadborn Neil H , Gladman John R F , Dening Tom , Gordon Adam L , Goodman Claire 
Published: October 2017

IntroductionCare home residents are relatively high users of healthcare resources and may have complex needs. Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) may benefit care home residents and improve efficiency of care delivery. This is an approach to care in which there is a thorough multidisciplinary assessment (physical and mental health, functioning and physical and social environments) and a care plan based on this assessment, usually delivered by a multidisciplinary team. The CGA process is known to improve outcomes for community-dwelling older people and those in receipt of hospital care, but less is known about its efficacy in care home residents.Methods and analysisRealist review was selected as the most appropriate method to explore the complex nature of the care home setting and multidisciplinary delivery of care. The aim of the realist review is to identify and characterise a programme theory that underpins the CGA intervention. The realist review will extract data from research articles which describe the causal mechanisms through which the practice of CGA generates outcomes. The focus of the intervention is care homes, and the outcomes of interest are health-related quality of life and satisfaction with services; for both residents and staff. Further outcomes may include appropriate use of National Health Service services and resources of older care home residents. The review will proceed through three stages: (1) identifying the candidate programme theories that underpin CGA through interviews with key stakeholders, systematic search of the peer-reviewed and non-peer-reviewed evidence, (2) identifying the evidence relevant to CGA in UK care homes and refining the programme theories through refining and iterating the systematic search, lateral searches and seeking further information from study authors and (3) analysis and synthesis of evidence, involving the testing of the programme theories.Ethics and disseminationThe PEACH project was identified as service development following submission to the UK Health Research Authority and subsequent review by the University of Nottingham Research Ethics Committee. The study protocols have been reviewed as part of good governance by the Nottinghamshire Healthcare Foundation Trust. We aim to publish this realist review in a peer-reviewed journal with international readership. We will disseminate findings to public and stakeholders using knowledge mobilisation techniques. Stakeholders will include the Quality Improvement Collaboratives within PEACH study. National networks, such as British Society of Gerontology and National Care Association will be approached for wider dissemination.Trial registration numberThe realist review has been registered on International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO 2017: CRD42017062601).
Association between home visiting interventions and First Nations families’ health and social outcomes in Manitoba, Canada: protocol for a study of linked population-based administrative data
Authors: Brownell Marni D , Nickel Nathan C , Enns Jennifer E , Chartier Mariette , Campbell Rhonda , Phillips-Beck Wanda , Chateau Dan , Burland Elaine , Santos Rob , Katz Alan 
Published: October 2017

IntroductionFirst Nations people are descendants of Canada’s original inhabitants. In consequence of historical and ongoing structural injustices, many First Nations families struggle with challenging living conditions, including high rates of poverty, poor housing conditions, mental illness and social isolation. These risk factors impede caregivers’ abilities to meet their children’s basic physical and psychosocial needs. Home visiting programmes were developed to support child developmental health in families facing parenting challenges. However, whether home visiting is an effective intervention for First Nations families has not been examined. We are evaluating two home visiting programmes in Manitoba, Canada, to determine whether they promote nurturing family environments for First Nations children.Methods and analysisThis research builds on new and established relationships among academic researchers, government decision-makers and First Nations stakeholders. We will link health, education and social services data from the Manitoba Population Research Data Repository to data from two home visiting programmes in Manitoba. Logistic regression modelling will be used to assess whether programme participation is associated with improved child developmental health, better connections between families and social services, reduced instances of child maltreatment and being taken into out-of-home care by child welfare and reduced inequities for First Nations families. Non-participating individuals with similar sociodemographic characteristics will serve as comparators. We will use an interrupted time series approach to test for differences in outcomes before and after programme implementation and a propensity score analysis to compare differences between participants and non-participants.Ethics and disseminationApprovals were granted by the Health Information Research Governance Committee of the First Nations Health and Social Secretariat of Manitoba and the University of Manitoba Health Research Ethics Board. Our integrated knowledge translation approach will involve disseminating findings through government and community briefings, developing lay summaries and infographics, presenting at academic conferences and publishing in scientific journals.
Improving monitoring of diabetic complications in home care patients
Authors: Alam Wahila , Syamala Shirmila , Al Hamad Hanadi , George Sybil , Kunnunmal Noorudeen , Abdelfattah Fatma , Chinamma Sunita , Al-Sulaiti Essa 
Published: October 2017

IntroductionUncontrolled diabetes mellitus can lead to microvascular and macrovascular complications. Early detection of complications is necessary to prevent end-organ damage and reduce diabetes-related morbidity. In Qatar, the Home Health Care Services of Hamad Medical Corporation caters to about 1000 patients, who solely depend on home healthcare physicians for primary care coordination, which includes management of chronic medical illnesses such as diabetes, stroke, hypertension and anaemia. Due to physician shortage, different physicians new to home care cover patients on different days. This leads to inconsistency of monitoring for many chronic conditions including diabetes and its complications. In this context, we conducted a quality improvement project to improve compliance to monitoring of diabetes complications in Home Healthcare Services by the implementation of a checklist.MethodsWe initially collected baseline data on monitoring of diabetes complications by chart review. Quality improvement principles and methods were employed to develop a checklist-based intervention to improve screening of diabetes complications by healthcare staff.ResultsFollowing the intervention, checklist completion rate improved from 0%–36% in 3 months to 63% in 2 years. The healthcare staff’s knowledge of monitoring for diabetes complications improved significantly across all monitored parameters. Furthermore, the percentage of patients being monitored for diabetes complications (ie, outcomes) also improved substantially. Monitoring for proteinuria and diabetic retinopathy improved from 10% and 17% at baseline to 85% and 74% 2 years postintervention, respectively.ConclusionIn conclusion, quality improvement methods were successfully used to improve monitoring of diabetes complications according to international guidelines in a very vulnerable population.
Waveform capnography: an alternative to physician gestalt in determining optimal intubating conditions after administration of paralytic agents
Authors: Scoccimarro Anthony , West Jason R , Kanter Marc , Caputo Nicholas D 
Published: October 2017

PurposeWe sought to evaluate the utility of waveform capnography (WC) in detecting paralysis, by using apnoea as a surrogate determinant, as compared with clinical gestalt during rapid sequence intubation. Additionally, we sought to determine if this improves the time to intubation and first pass success rates through more consistent and expedient means of detecting optimal intubating conditions (ie, paralysis).MethodsA prospective observational cohort study of consecutively enrolled patients was conducted from April to June 2016 at an academic, urban, level 1 trauma centre in New York City. Nasal cannula WC was used to determine the presence of apnoea as a surrogate measure of paralysis versus physician gestalt (ie, blink test, mandible relaxation, and so on).ResultsOne hundred patients were enrolled (50 in the WC group and 50 in the gestalt group). There were higher proportions of failure to determine optimal intubating conditions (ie, paralysis) in the gestalt group (32%, n=16) versus the WC group (6%, n=3), absolute difference 26, 95% CI 10 to 40. Time to intubation was longer in the gestalt group versus the WC group (136 seconds vs 116 seconds, absolute difference 20 seconds 95% CI 14 to 26). First pass success rates were higher in the WC group verses the gestalt group (92%, 95% CI 85 to 97 vs 88%, 95% CI 88 to 95, absolute difference 4%, 95% CI 1 to 8).ConclusionThese preliminary results demonstrate WC may be a useful objective measure to determine the presence of paralysis and optimal in tubating conditions in RSI.
Full-Wave Bridge Rectifier with CMOS Pass Transistors Configuration
Authors: Jain Prateek , Joshi Amit 
Published: October 2017

An effortless, more efficient full-wave bridge rectifier is introduced with minimum distortion. Efficient and exploratory combinations of CMOS logic are not only utilized to design full-wave bridge rectifier, but also as pass transistors configurations at the input. The particular CMOS logic (used to design core rectifier circuit) is a collective form of SDG-NMOS and SGS-PMOS. SDG-NMOS refers to a shorted drain gate n-channel metal oxide semiconductor. SGS-PMOS refers to shorted gate to source p-channel metal oxide semiconductor. Due to the utilization of renovated MOS configuration after the replacement of the diode, the efficiency of the full-wave bridge rectifier is increased up to 11% compared to p-n junction diode based full wave bridge rectifier. The proposed full wave bridge rectifier is a comparably low power circuit. The proposed CMOS based full-wave bridge rectifier is optimized at 45-nm CMOS technology. Cadence experimental simulation and implementations of the leakage power and efficiency demonstrate better consistency through the proposed circuit.
RESEARCH ON BIOMECHANICS PROPERTIES AND HEMODYNAMICS PERFORMANCE OF THE CONVERTIBLE VENA CAVA FILTER
Authors: FENG HAIQUAN , WANG KUN , QIU HONGRAN , WANG DONG 
Published: October 2017

This paper reveals the biomechanical properties and hemodynamics performance of the convertible vena cava filter while it was in the process of implantation and conversion in the blood vessels. This paper uses the finite element method and computational fluid dynamics to analyze the interaction mechanism and influence of the convertible vena cava filter while the filter was in the process of implantation and conversion in the blood vessels. Additionally, six pigs were used as experimental samples to verify the effects of the filter in the blood vessels. The computer-aided simulation results showed that it was easier to cause damage to the vessel wall prior to the filter being converted into support. On the contrary, the stress, the peak value of the blood vessel’s stress, the outlet velocity, and the supporting stiffness were reduced after the conversion. Due to the intimal hyperplasia, the supporting element was easy to fix on the inner surface of the blood vessels, which was helpful for the correct positioning of the filter after the conversion. Meanwhile, the animal experiments proved that the surface of inferior vena cava wall was relatively smooth, and the filter did not cause vascular wall rupture. The computer-aided simulation and animal experiments proved the reasonability of the structure of the filter design, and that the filter has good biomechanical properties. The results will provide more scientific reference for the clinical treatment and design of the filter.
Norepinephrine enhances song responsiveness and encoding in the auditory forebrain of male zebra finches
Authors: Lee Vanessa , Pawlisch Benjamin A. , Macedo-Lima Matheus , Remage-Healey Luke 
Published: October 2017

Norepinephrine (NE) can dynamically modulate excitability and functional connectivity of neural circuits in response to changes in external and internal states. Regulation by NE has been demonstrated extensively in mammalian sensory cortices, but whether NE-dependent modulation in sensory cortex alters response properties in downstream sensorimotor regions is less clear. Here we examine this question in male zebra finches, a songbird species with complex vocalizations and a well-defined neural network for auditory processing of those vocalizations. We test the hypothesis that NE modulates auditory processing and encoding, using paired extracellular electrophysiology recordings and pattern classifier analyses. We report that a NE infusion into the auditory cortical region NCM (caudomedial nidopallium; analogous to mammalian secondary auditory cortex) enhances the auditory responses, burst firing, and coding properties of single NCM neurons. Furthermore, we report that NE-dependent changes in NCM coding properties, but not auditory response strength, are transmitted downstream to the sensorimotor nucleus HVC. Finally, NE modulation in the NCM of males is qualitatively similar to that observed in females: in both sexes, NE increases auditory response strengths. However, we observed a sex difference in the mechanism of enhancement: whereas NE increases response strength in females by decreasing baseline firing rates, NE increases response strength in males by increasing auditory-evoked activity. Therefore, NE signaling exhibits a compensatory sex difference to achieve a similar, state-dependent enhancement in signal-to-noise ratio and coding accuracy in males and females. In summary, our results provide further evidence for adrenergic regulation of sensory processing and modulation of auditory/sensorimotor functional connectivity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study documents that the catecholamine norepinephrine (also known as noradrenaline) acts in the auditory cortex to shape local processing of complex sound stimuli. Moreover, it also enhances the coding accuracy of neurons in the auditory cortex as well as in the downstream sensorimotor cortex. Finally, this study shows that while the sensory-enhancing effects of norepinephrine are similar in males and females, there are sex differences in the mode of action.
Eye-hand coordination during flexible manual interception of an abruptly appearing, moving target
Authors: Li Yuhui , Wang Yong , Cui He 
Published: October 2017

As a vital skill in an evolving world, interception of moving objects relies on accurate prediction of target motion. In natural circumstances, active gaze shifts often accompany hand movements when exploring targets of interest, but how eye and hand movements are coordinated during manual interception and their dependence on visual prediction remain unclear. Here, we trained gaze-unrestrained monkeys to manually intercept targets appearing at random locations and circularly moving with random speeds. We found that well-trained animals were able to intercept the targets with adequate compensation for both sensory transmission and motor delays. Before interception, the animals' gaze followed the targets with adequate compensation for the sensory delay, but not for extra target displacement during the eye movements. Both hand and eye movements were modulated by target kinematics, and their reaction times were correlated. Moreover, retinal errors and reaching errors were correlated across different stages of reach execution. Our results reveal eye-hand coordination during manual interception, yet the eye and hand movements may show different levels of prediction based on the task context. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Here we studied the eye-hand coordination of monkeys during flexible manual interception of a moving target. Eye movements were untrained and not explicitly associated with reward. We found that the initial saccades toward the moving target adequately compensated for sensory transmission delays, but not for extra target displacement, whereas the reaching arm movements fully compensated for sensorimotor delays, suggesting that the mode of eye-hand coordination strongly depends on behavioral context.