bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Titanium dioxide nanotube photo-electrodes in different electrolyte mixtures and the impacts on their characteristics and photo-catalytic abilities under visible light
Authors: Thabit Mohamed , Liu Huiling , Zhang Jian , Wang Bing 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
TiO2 nanotube arrays were fabricated using electrochemical anodization of titanium foils, where different types of electrolytes were tested to determine conceptual choice for nanotubes fabrication. These electrolytes are 1M (NH4)2SO4 containing 0.5% wt NH4F, 1M Na2SO4 containing 0.5% wt NH4F, 1M NaF containing 0.5% wt (NH4)2SO4 and a mixture of water: ethylene glycol 1:9 containing 0.5% wt NH4F. The foils were marked as EG type (Ethylene Glycol), AS type (Ammonium sulfate), SS type (sodium sulfate) and SF type (sodium fluoride). The photocatalytic capabilities and characterization of the fabricated NTAs were analyzed using SEM, XRD, and DRS. The degradation ratio of designated organic pollutants (Rhodamine B) was analyzed. The obtained results have proven that foils fabricated using Ethylene glycol have significant photocatalytic abilities, with a degradation ratio of EG-SS-SF-AS types being 80% to 85%, 70% to 80%, 70% to 75% and 52% to 55%, respectively.
Synthesis and Characterization of 1-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethan-1-one
Authors: Ji Haifeng , Niu Yabin , Liu Dongming , Wang Weidong , Dai Chuanbo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A simple and efficient method to prepare 1-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)ethan-1-one via nucleophilic substitution of 2-chloro-1-(1-chlorocyclopropyl)ethanone and 1,2,4-triazole is described. The title compound is the key intermediate required for the synthesis of prothioconazole, a promising agricultural fungicide. By exploring changes in the reaction time, temperature, ratio of starting reagents, acid binding agent, and the nature of phase transfer catalyst, the reaction conditions could be optimized to afford the desired N-alkylated material in near-quantitative yield. The ultimate yield of the product after recrystallization was 93%, with a purity of 99% based on its characterization by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (IR), Proton Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR), and Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR). The synthetic process is suitable for industrial application, with the advantages of high yield and facile preparation under mild operating conditions.
Dynamic modeling of the isoamyl acetate reactive distillation process
Authors: Ali Syed Sadiq , Hossain Sk Safdar , Asif Mohammad 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The cost-effectiveness of reactive distillation (RD) processes makes them highly attractive for industrial applications. However, their preliminary design and subsequent scale-up and operation are challenging. Specifically, the response of RD system during fluctuations in process parameters is of paramount importance to ensure the stability of the whole process. As a result of carrying out simulations using Aspen Plus, it is shown that the RD process for isoamyl acetate production was much more economical than conventional reactor distillation configuration under optimized process conditions due to lower utilities consumption, higher conversion and smaller sizes of condenser and reboiler. Rigorous dynamic modeling of RD system was performed to evaluate its sensitivity to disturbances in critical process parameters; the product flow was quite sensitive to disturbances. Even more sensitive was product composition when the disturbance in heat duties of condenser or reboiler led to a temperature decrease. However, positive disturbance in alcohol feed is of particular concern, which clearly made the system unstable.
Computational fluid dynamics analysis of an innovative start-up method of high temperature fuel cells using dynamic 3d model
Authors: Kupecki Jakub , Mich Dawid , Motylinski Konrad 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The article presents a numerical analysis of an innovative method for starting systems based on high temperature fuel cells. The possibility of preheating the fuel cell stacks from the cold state to the nominal working conditions encounters several limitations related to heat transfer and stability of materials. The lack of rapid and safe start-up methods limits the proliferation of MCFCs and SOFCs. For that reason, an innovative method was developed and verified using the numerical analysis presented in the paper. A dynamic 3D model was developed that enables thermo-fluidic investigations and determination of measures for shortening the preheating time of the high temperature fuel cell stacks. The model was implemented in ANSYS Fluent computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software and was used for verification of the proposed start-up method. The SOFC was chosen as a reference fuel cell technology for the study. Results obtained from the study are presented and discussed.
Attenuation properties of radiation shielding materials such as granite and marble against γ-ray energies between 80 and 1350 keV
Authors: Eke Canel , Agar Osman , Segebade Christian , Boztosun Ismail 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In this study, the γ-ray energy-dependent mass and linear attenuation coefficients of various granite and Turkish marble species have been experimentally obtained. Radionuclides (133Ba, 137Cs, 60Co and 22Na) with point geometry were used as γ-ray sources. The absorption capacity of each sample at nine γ-ray energies was measured using a high resolution γ-ray spectrometer equipped with a high purity germanium (HPGe) detector. To obtain the precision of the results (1σ standard deviation of the single value), this procedure was repeated six times for each species of granite and marble, respectively. The energy-dependent mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), linear attenuation coefficient (LAC), the half (HVL) and the tenth value layer (TVL) were calculated following that the MAC and LAC results were compared to the literature values.
Space – An Essential Feature of the Hybrid War
Authors: Ioniţă Dorin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Hybrid Warfare is an unofficial intellectual construct to describe the combination or integration of conventional and non-conventional approaches used by adversaries to avoid conventional military strengths, often times occurring below the threshold that would trigger a conventional military.
The word “hybrid” is used more for its descriptive value to aid concept writers and military planners in understanding the intersection, interaction, and amplification of trends and conditions that impact the scale and scope of military actions.
The paper explains the role of space as an essential characteristic of hybrid warfare.
The Motivation of Betrayal by Leaking of Classified Information
Authors: Lăzăroiu Laurențiu-Leonard 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Trying to forecast the human behavior involves acts and knowledge of motivational theories, applicable to profile of each organization and in particular to each individual’s style. The anticipation of personal attitudes has not the only aim for a passive monitoring of professional activity, but also wants to increase performance of risk avoidance, in acordance with a specific organizational environment. The emergence and development of motivational forms and values, whose projections determine social crimes, are risk factors, affecting the professional activity of the person, but also affecting the performance and stability of the institution. Moreover, if the motivation determines attitudes aimed at compromising classified information, the resulting actions may be considered as threats to national security. The prevention of such threats can only be achieved by understanding motivational mechanisms and external conditions for the perssonel that make it possible to transform some intentions into real actions.
Theoretical Aspects Regarding Internal Managerial Control in Military Organizations
Authors: Pîrvuţ Valentin , Huseraş Alin Teodor 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The goal of this paper is to offer synthetically theoretical support regarding the exertion of internal managerial control in the state’s public institutions. The activity of managerial control must be understood and regarded as an activity integrating all forms of control exercised at the level of the institution with a view to ensuring a better functioning of the managerial sphere, making the managerial act accountable at every level and structure. Once the internal managerial control is implemented, the responsibility of management is that of identifying all the deviations from the objectives noticed at the end of the control activities, of analysing the causes that determined their appearance and of deciding upon the necessary preventive and corrective measures.
The Analysis of the Chosen Internal Condition and Prospects of Romania’s Energy Security
Authors: Rutka Michał 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In the age of high pace of technological, economic and social development, stable and uninterrupted energy supply is one of the key components determining the economic sovereignty of the state, its position in international relations, and the quality of human life. Every economy around the world is heavily dependent on its energy sector. Consequently, ensuring energy security is currently one of the most important determinant of every country’s national security and the purpose of its security policy. In this article we focus on Romania’s energy security internal condition and prospects. Our main goal is to present actual state and prospects of Romanian energy sector. In order to achieve that goal, we decided to use various methods, such as descriptive analysis, document analysis and comparative analysis. The article has two parts. The first part consists of a description of energy sources and infrastructure used by Romanian economy. The second part is an analysis of possible chances and threats for both energy sector and energy security level.
Recognition of Non-Controlling Interest in Consolidated Financial Statements Based on Property Rights
Authors: Casajus André , Labrenz Helfried 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe suggest a recognition of non-controlling interest in consolidated financial statements that takes into account the property rights structure within subsidiary companies, in particular, majority requirements on restructurings, which may differ between countries. Our approach rests on a property rights index based on cooperative game theory. This index captures a parent company’s ability to acquire future gains of the subsidiary.
Translations of early Sino-British treaties and the masked western legal concepts
Authors: Qu Wensheng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFrom 1844 to 1845, the translation problems with the Supplementary Treaty (aka Treaty of the Bogue) and the Treaty of Nanking were revealed through successive back translations by Walter Henry Medhurst in the Chinese Repository. A comparison of the official Chinese and English language versions of the two treaties shows noteworthy problems of addition, omission, and misinterpretation. These translation problems can be understood and interpreted in the light of the fact that the Qing side had relinquished the right to employ its own translators and knew little about the principles of international law. Researchers into the history of Sino-foreign treaties and Sino-foreigner relations should give careful attention to the role of translation in the history of this period.
“Verbal and nonverbal” in semiotics
Authors: Broekman Jan M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe “verbal–nonverbal” distinction is mostly used in everyday language and its “‘naïve-natural’ attitude” (Husserl). It confirms the idea that a word/verb, as a component of human expressivity, is the basic unit of language. Theories of Peirce, Saumjan, and Searle highlight how a different, predominantly “‘non-naïve’-natural attitude” is required to understand the distinction and its position in the semiotic toolkit. To support this conclusion, Husserl unfolds a methodological approach of varying attitudes and attitude-changes, including important diversifications of ontology. A consequence is the need for an interregional ontological approach, which in this article leads to a consideration of social psychology (Lewin) and quantum theory (Bohm) because both underline that words and meanings are forces in fields, and by no means isolated single units. Word and meaning are to be understood as forces, and meaning-making as well as interpretation a matter of force field considerations. Semiotics should thus cherish dynamic features, whereby the “verbal–nonverbal” distinction teaches us at a “non-naïve” attitude level, that a word/verb is always a non-word/verb as well. The greatness of semiotics is in the understanding of such dynamic and continuously creative inversions.
The Current View on Redistribution of Subsidies in the Agricultural Sector in Slovakia
Authors: Kravčáková Vozárová Ivana 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The essential way of realization of the Common Agricultural Policy in EU is through the financial support. One of the basic ways of financial support are subsidies. The huge segment affecting the agricultural sector is necessary to define, describe or classify so that we can might it to best analyse and understand. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the development of agricultural subsidies granted per hectare of agricultural land in Slovakia in terms of territory. The difference between the individual regions was evaluated using one-way analysis of variance. This analysis confirmed the existence of statistically significant differences between the amounts of subsidies per hectare of agricultural land provided to agricultural entities in terms of individual regions. This fact shows that firms in regions with worse natural and climatic conditions achieved a higher amount of financial support than companies in regions where agricultural production has better conditions and a long-term tradition.
Description of the Larva of Agrilus antiquus croaticus (Coleoptera, Buprestidae)
Authors: Prokhorov A. V. , Vasilyeva Ju. S. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The mature larva of Agrilus antiquus croaticus Abeille de Perrin, 1897 from the stalks of Cytisus ruthenicus and Genista sp. (Leguminosae) in Kyiv and Kherson Regions (Ukraine) is described. According to the structure of labrum and location of microspinulae on inner side of maxillae, larva is attributed to Agrilus ater species-assemblage.
Rovno Amber Caddisflies (Insecta, Trichoptera) from Different Localities, with Information about three New Sites
Authors: Perkovsky E. E. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The inventory of the trichopterofaunas of all Rovno amber sites is provided for the first time. Syninclusions of all Rovno amber caddisflies determined to the species level are also listed for the first time. At least 29 named species are known in Klesov, as compared with only 21 species recorded in Bitterfeld amber. Eocene caddisflies are recorded in Belarus and Zhitomir Region for the first time, and new sites of inclusions are revealed as well: Rechitsa in Belarus, Olevsk in Zhitomir Region, Kuchotskaya Volia in Rivne Region. Rechitsa yielded Erotesis bessylenon Melnitsky et Ivanov, 2016, the first undoubtedly new Eocene taxon described from Belarus. This paper is also the first to involve the data on Danish amber caddisflies in comparison of the faunas. Only five genera from four families (Wormaldia McLachlan, 1865, Archaeotinodes Ulmer, 1912, Lype McLachlan, 1878, Holocentropus McLachlan, 1878, and Plectrocnemia Stephens, 1836) are known from four European Lagerstätten: Baltic, Bitterfeld, Danish and Rovno amber. Archaeotinodes igneusaper Melnitsky, 2009 is mentioned for Rovno amber for the first time. Genera Allotrichia McLachlan, 1880 (Hydroptilidae) and Palaeocrunoecia Ulmer, 1912 (Lepidostomatidae) are excluded from the Rovno amber fauna.
New Genus and Species of Gall Midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Porricondylinae, Holoneurini) from the Late Eocene Amber of Olevsk (Zhitomir Region, Ukraine)
Authors: Fedotova Z. A. , Perkovsky E. E. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Gall midges are reported for the first time in Late Eocene Rovno amber from the Olevsk, Zhitomir Region. This is the second amber locality to yield gall midges in the Zhitomir Region, after Gulyanka. Rovnoholoneurus gen. n. and two new species, Rovnoholoneurus davidi sp. n. and R. miyae sp. n. are described. Bryocrypta laqueata Fedotova, 2005 is transferred to the genus Rovnoholoneurus, and Rovnoholoneurus laqueatus (Fedotova, 2005), comb. n. is established. A key to the species of Rovnoholoneurus is provided.
Home Range of the Spur-Thighed Tortoise, Testudo graeca (Testudines, Testudinidae), in the National Park of El Kala, Algeria
Authors: Rouag R. , Ziane N. , Benyacoub S. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Spur-thighed tortoise is a vulnerable species, the local declines of populations require an imperative need for conservation. Research on habitat use is essential for understanding population ecology. To investigate the home range and movement patterns we studied a population which occupies an enclosed area of 30 ha in northeastern Algeria. Studies of movement showed that home ranges were substantially smaller than in Spain. This difference was due to the high trophic availability with significant richness in plants which make part of the diet of the tortoise. The home range varied from 0.287 ha in males to 0.354 ha for females; there was no sexual difference. The males are the most active with a distance of 3.79 m/d. Females and juveniles are respectively about 2.25 m/d and 2.11 m/d. The distance moved each day do not vary significantly by sex and ages. Results from this study are important for establishing conservation strategies for this vulnerable species.
Month-to-Month Variations in Densities and Dominance of Birds Breeding in an Extensive Pine Forest
Authors: Kopij G. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Month-to-month changes in avian assembages are considerable in forest habitats. In this study such changes were studied by means of the line transect method (eight transect with total length of 77.7 km) in lowland coniferous forest in SW Poland (dominant forest type in Central European Plain), in three consecutive spring months: April, May and June. Shannon’s diversity index varied between 1.31 and 2.25 in particular month, while Simpson’s diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index were almost identical everywhere: H′ = 0.92-0.93 and J′ = 0.74-0.78, respectively. In overall, the differences in mean densities of breeding species between three months on all transects pooled were not statistically significant, as were also not statistically significant such differences on particular transects. Month-to-month variations in densities in all transects pooled were statistically significant in the case of 26 out of 54 species (48.1 %). Month-to-month changes in population densities recorded on transects, only partly conform to the arrival patterns. Two counts, instead of three, would sufficed for precise estimation of bird population densities in Central European lowland pine forests: one count should be conducted in April, to register mainly resident species, and the second one in May to count mainly the migrant species.
Possible Ways of Development of the Breeding Bird Communities of the Lower Dnipro
Authors: Busel V. A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Anthropogenic and natural factors of transformation of breeding bird communities of the Lower Dnipro affect mainly the territory of the Kakhovka Reservoir. Transformation processes of natural systems will result in a decrease of numbers and even the disappearance of some species of nesting birds of Ciconiiformes and Anseriformes. Podicipediformes and Charadriiformes birds remain less vulnerable, especially species that nest on the overwater vegetation. The birds nesting in hollows and in trees and shrub plantations are among the most successful. It is also possible to predict that some species would change their priorities from rock to tree-nesting. The wetlands below Nova Kakhovka will remain a natural sanctuary for the nesting birds of the forest and wetland natural complexes of the floodplain of the Lower Dnipro. Any changes in this area can occur in case of further human activity in the floodplain of the Dnipro lowland.
Peculiarities of Embryonic and Post-Embryonic Development of Оesophagostomum dentatum (Nematoda, Strongylidae) Larvae Cultured in Vitro
Authors: Yevstafieva V. А. , Panikar I. I. , Melnychuk V. V. , Korchan L. N. , Perederii N. A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Morphometric peculiarities of the development of Оesophagostomum dentatum Rudolphi, 1803 from egg to infective larva were studied under laboratory conditions at various temperatures. The determined optimum temperature for embryonic and post-embryonic development of О. dentatum larvae from domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus Linnaeus, 1758) is 22 °С. At this temperature, 81 % of larvae develop to the third stage (L3) on the 10th day. Temperatures of 24 °С and 20 °С are less favorable for the development of the nematode, at those temperatures only 67 and 63 % of larvae, respectively, reached infective stage by the 10th day of cultivation. Embryonic development of О. dentatum eggs is characterized by their lengthening (by 8.87-9.50 %, р < 0.01) and widening (by 6.77-9.35 %, р < 0.05-0.01), and post-embryonic larval development is associated with lengthening (by 4.59-17.33 %, р < 0.01-0.001).
Are the Angels, Barnea candida (Myoida, Pholadidae), Backing to the Danube Delta in the Black Sea?
Authors: Alexandrov B. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Bivalve marine mollusc Barnea candida (= Pholas candidus) from Pholadidae family is sensitive to the high concentration of organic matter in sea water and recently has been included into the list of indicator species for the Black Sea (Alexandrov, Zaitsev, 2016). Its recording in Ukrainian part of the Danube Delta after more than 60 years since its first registration is probably the evidence of reduction of eutrophication and gradual restoration of local aquatic ecosystem biodiversity.
The Morphological Characteristics of the Danube Ruffe, Gymnocephalus baloni (Perciformes, Percidae), in the Upper Reaches of the Dnipro River, Ukraine
Authors: Tsyba A. O. , Kokodiy S. V. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In the upper reaches of the Dnipro it was found a Danube ruffe population. It differs from the population of the middle reaches of the Dnipro by a longer caudal peduncle. The Danube ruffe differs from sympatric populations of the common ruffe by 10 features. For a fast and precise identification of these two species, it was proposed to use the height of the membrane between the first and second rays of the anal fin as a percentageto the length of the body.
A Fast New Algorithm for Solving a Nonlinear Beam Equation under Nonlinear Boundary Conditions
Authors: Liu Chein-Shan , Li Botong 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
For the problem of a nonlinear beam equation under nonlinear boundary conditions of moments, a fast iterative method is developed by transforming the ordinary differential equation into an integral one. The sinusoidal functions are used subtly as test functions as well as the bases of numerical solution in the calculation. Due to the orthogonality of the sinusoidal functions, the expansion coefficients of numerical solution in closed form can be found easily. Hence, the iterative scheme converges very fast to find numerical solutions with high accuracy.