bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The utility of MRI radiological biomarkers in determining intracranial pressure
Authors: Pandit Anand S. , China Musa , Jain Raunak , Jalal Arif H. B. , Jelen Maria , Joshi Shivani B. , Skye Crystallynn , Abdi Zakee , Aldabbagh Yousif , Alradhawi Mohammad , Banks Ptolemy D. W. , Stasiak Martyna K. , Tan Emily B. C. , Yildirim Fleur C. , Ruffle James K. , D’Antona Linda , Asif Hasan , Thorne Lewis , Watkins Laurence D. , Nachev Parashkev , Toma Ahmed K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntracranial pressure (ICP) is a physiological parameter that conventionally requires invasive monitoring for accurate measurement. Utilising multivariate predictive models, we sought to evaluate the utility of non-invasive, widely accessible MRI biomarkers in predicting ICP and their reversibility following cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion. The retrospective study included 325 adult patients with suspected CSF dynamic disorders who underwent brain MRI scans within three months of elective 24-h ICP monitoring. Five MRI biomarkers were assessed: Yuh sella grade, optic nerve vertical tortuosity (VT), optic nerve sheath distension, posterior globe flattening and optic disc protrusion (ODP). The association between individual biomarkers and 24-h ICP was examined and reversibility of each following CSF diversion was assessed. Multivariate models incorporating these radiological biomarkers were utilised to predict 24-h median intracranial pressure. All five biomarkers were significantly associated with median 24-h ICP (p < 0.0001). Using a pair-wise approach, the presence of each abnormal biomarker was significantly associated with higher median 24-h ICP (p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, ICP was significantly and positively associated with Yuh sella grade (p < 0.0001), VT (p < 0.0001) and ODP (p = 0.003), after accounting for age and suspected diagnosis. The Bayesian multiple linear regression model predicted 24-h median ICP with a mean absolute error of 2.71 mmHg. Following CSF diversion, we found pituitary sella grade to show significant pairwise reversibility (p < 0.001). ICP was predicted with clinically useful precision utilising a compact Bayesian model, offering an easily interpretable tool using non-invasive MRI data. Brain MRI biomarkers are anticipated to play a more significant role in the screening, triaging, and referral of patients with suspected CSF dynamic disorders.
Unveiling fungal strategies: Mycoremediation in multi-metal pesticide environment using proteomics
Authors: Dey Priyadarshini , Malik Anushree , Singh Dileep Kumar , Haange Sven-Bastiaan , von Bergen Martin , Jehmlich Nico 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMicropollutants, such as heavy metals and pesticides, inhibit microbial growth, threatening ecosystems. Yet, the mechanism behind mycoremediation of the pesticide lindane and multiple metals (Cd, Total Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) remains poorly understood. In our study, we investigated cellular responses in Aspergillus fumigatus PD-18 using LC-MS/MS, identifying 2190 proteins, 1147 of which were consistently present under both stress conditions. Specifically, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase and heat shock proteins were up-regulated to counter oxidative stress and protein misfolding. Proteins involved in intracellular trafficking, secretion, and vesicular transport; RNA processing and modification showed enhanced abundance and regulating stress response pathways. Additionally, haloalkane dehalogenase and homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase played pivotal roles in lindane mineralization. Bioinformatics analysis highlighted enriched pathways such as Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and Purine metabolism, that are crucial for combating adverse environments. We identified the hub protein 26 S proteasome regulatory subunit complex as potential biomarker and remedial targets for mycoremediation of wastewater, suggesting practical applications for environmental remediation.
Propagation of periodic director and flow patterns in a cholesteric liquid crystal under electroconvection
Authors: Yoshioka Jun , Nobori Hiroki , Fukao Koji , Araoka Fumito 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe electroconvection of liquid crystals is a typical example of a dissipative structure generated by complicated interactions between three factors: convective flow, structural deformation, and the migration of charge carriers. In this study, we found that the periodic structural deformation of a cholesteric liquid crystal propagates in space, like a wave, under an alternating-current electric field. The existence of convection and charge carriers was confirmed by flow-field measurements and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. Given that the wave phenomenon results from electroconvection, we suggest a possible model for describing the mechanism of wave generation. The validity of the model was examined using the Onsager variational principle. Consequently, it was suggested that wave generation can be described by four effects: the electrostatic potential, mixing entropy, anisotropic friction due to charge migration, and viscous dissipation of the liquid crystal.
Critical yield components for achieving high annual grain yield in ratoon rice
Authors: He Hui , Song Linqiong , Wang Weiqin , Zheng Huabin , Tang Qiyuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRatoon rice is considered an eco-friendly and resource-efficient method for rice cultivation, providing innovative strategies to mitigate the global food crisis. To clarify the critical yield components for achieving high annual grain yield in ratoon rice, data from 136 widely cultivated rice cultivars were collected through a six-year field experiment. The study analyzed the correlations between yield components and yields for both the main season and the ratoon season, indicating that main yields vary between 5.9 and 10.9 Mg ha−1, exhibiting a highly significant positive correlation with spikelets per panicle; ratoon yields range from 1.8 to 7.1 Mg ha−1, showing a highly significant positive correlation with panicles per m2, grain filling rate, and 1000-grain weight. Path analysis reveals that, in terms of contributing to ratoon yield, the grain filling rate is the most influential component, followed by panicles per m2, and 1000-grain weight. Therefore, by selecting large-panicle cultivars in the main season and enhancing panicles per m2, grain filling rate, and grain weight in the ratoon season, high annual yield in ratoon rice can be realized.
ANFIS‐based controlled spherical rotator with quadrant photodiode to improve position detection accuracy
Authors: Lu Bing‐Yuh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe authors aim to build a theoretical system for calibrating the position detection of a single quadrant photodiode (QPD) attached to 2D rotators and to suppress noise using a Sugeno‐type fuzzy inference system. According to the results, if the original ANFIS network (NWo) is trained under the conditions of resolution (rso), traing samples (No), and the possibility of random noise (po) and presented as {original, rso, No, po}, with the #X testing case presented as {case #X, rsx, Nx, px}, case #X is expected to be the all‐pass case of the two root‐mean‐squared error criteria under the conditions of rsx ≥ rso and px ≤ po. Thus, the measurement accuracy is improved without tracking historical data. Furthermore, the two conditions indicate the limitations of the proposed ANFIS‐based method. These conditions can be employed to save time and money. If a company produces many types of QPD rotators with different values of rs, the engineers can optimise the design to train the ANFIS network with only one case with the smallest rs and a larger p for all types of QPD rotators with any value of rs and p. This demonstrates the potential industrial application of the proposed method.The cover image is based on the Article ANFIS‐based controlled spherical rotator with quadrant photodiode to improve position detection accuracy by Bing‐Yuh Lu et al., https://doi.org/10.1049/ote2.12127.
House of Shutters
Authors: Powell James Lawrence 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Early in the twentieth century, a concept known as eugenics took root in many countries, including Germany and the United States. This led to enforced sterilization in many American states, led by California, which Germany used as a model for its own program. In Nazi Germany, sterilization soon gave rise to the view that handicapped persons, who led “lives unworthy of living,” could be executed in order to purify the “master race.” One of the first centers was a former hospital in the small town of Hadamar, where some 15,000 people, many of them children, were gassed and their bodies cremated, in a prologue to the “Final Solution” of the death camps. After the war, Hadamar guards and nurses were the first to be put on trial, providing a model for the more famous Nuremberg trials. The examples so far in the book show that the root cause of these atrocities was that in a totalitarian state people have no way of saving themselves.
Protective Measures
Authors: Powell James Lawrence 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The CDC and the FDA both bungled their responses to COVID-19. Neither enough tests, masks, or protective equipment were available despite the earlier simulations that had shown their necessity. Trump announced he did not plan to wear a mask, a statement that caused many to follow his lead and some to die. To his credit, he did endorse a crash program called Operation Warp Speed to produce a vaccine, which became available in late December 2020, a remarkably short time. But by this time, the anti-vaccination movement in the United States was growing and would continue to do so, so that millions of Americans refused a life-saving injection. In a 2019 Global Health Survey, before the pandemic had begun, the United States ranked first among all nations in its preparedness for epidemics and pandemics. As of early October 2023, the United States ranked first in total COVID-19 cases.
Obinutuzumab treatment for membranous nephropathy: effectiveness and safety concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Xu Mingyue , Chen Ruiying , Wang Yifeng , Huang Xiaoyun , Zhang Hanzhen , Zhao Wenqian , Zhang Min , Xu Yunyu , Liu Shaojun , Hao Chuan-Ming , Xie Qionghong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Obinutuzumab is a humanized and glycoengineered anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody that has been shown to induce more profound B-cell depletion than rituximab. The effectiveness and safety of obinutuzumab in the treatment of membranous nephropathy remain unclear.

Methods
This was a retrospective study conducted in Huashan Hospital, Fudan University between 1 December 2021 and 30 November 2023. Patients with membranous nephropathy were included to assess the effectiveness and safety of obinutuzumab and prevalence of severe pneumonia during the outbreak of COVID-19 in China.

Results
Eighteen patients were included in the study assessing the effectiveness of obinutuzumab. After a 12-month follow-up, 14 patients (78%) achieved remission, with six (33%) achieving complete remission and eight (44%) achieving partial remission. Among the 18 obinutuzumab-treated patients contracting COVID-19 for the first time, six (33%) developed severe pneumonia, and one died. By contrast, two of the 37 patients receiving glucocorticoids combined with cyclophosphamide, and none of the 44 patients on calcineurin inhibitors or the 46 patients on rituximab developed severe pneumonia. However, compared to patients receiving rituximab or glucocorticoids plus cyclophosphamide, the obinutuzumab-treated patients had a longer duration of membranous nephropathy and immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, cardinal matching was employed to balance these baseline characteristics. Owing to small sample size for each regimen, patients receiving all the three non-obinutuzumab immunosuppressive regimens were grouped as a control cohort. After matching for age, gender, remission status, duration of membranous nephropathy, duration of immunosuppressive therapy, and ongoing immunosuppression, the obinutuzumab-treated patients still had a significantly higher incidence of severe pneumonia compared to those on other regimens (P = .019).

Conclusion
Obinutuzumab was an effective treatment option for patients with membranous nephropathy. On the other hand, it was associated with a higher incidence of severe pneumonia following COVID-19 infection compared to other immunosuppressive regimens.
Tolvaptan and the role of kidney aquaporin-2 abundance in managing volume overload in patients with CKD
Authors: Yan Yu , Li Xiao-min , Yang Yan , Wang Feng-mei , Liu Hong , Tang Ri-ning , Zhang Xiao-liang , Liu Bi-cheng , Wang Bin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective
This retrospective study evaluated tolvaptan's efficacy, safety, and predictive indicators in managing volume overload in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.

Methods
CKD patients with volume overload, treated with loop diuretics alone or with tolvaptan at Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, from 1 March 2022 to 31 December 2023, were included. Patients were divided into loop diuretic (Group C) and loop diuretic combined with tolvaptan (Group T) cohorts. Primary outcomes included volume control, changes in weight, urine output, and laboratory parameters within 1 week post-medication. Adverse events such as hypernatremia and hyperkalemia, etc., were recorded. We further conducted immunohistochemical staining of renal biopsy tissues to investigate the roles of aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in the collecting duct and plasma albumin in predicting the efficacy of tolvaptan.

Results
Of 174 CKD patients with volume overload, 108 (67.07%) were male. Group C and Group T each comprised 87 patients. At baseline, no significant differences in urine output and weight were noted. By day 3, Group T exhibited a greater increase in urine output (P &lt; .001) and weight reduction (P &lt; .001). At day 7, Group T maintained more significant diuretic effects (P &lt; .001). More Group C patients required ultrafiltration therapy (P = .040). Adverse event rates did not significantly differ. Notably, AQP2 expression in the collecting duct may predict tolvaptan responsiveness, while plasma albumin did not affect efficacy.

Conclusion
Tolvaptan showed efficacy and safety in managing volume overload in CKD patients. The expression of AQP2 in the collecting duct could predict tolvaptan's efficacy.
This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University (Approval No. 2023ZDSYLL180-P01, Clinical Trial Registration No. ChiCTR2300075274, Trial Registration Link: https://www.chictr.org.cn/guide.html).
Evaluation of the Symptoms and Clinical Characteristics of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis That Affect Healthcare Providers’ Treatment Choices
Authors: Hunter Gibble Theresa , Sweeney Carolyn , Wolin Daniel , McSorley David , Wang Jinyi , Moses Richard , Dubinsky Marla 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease—Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC)—is dependent on healthcare providers’ (HCPs’) clinical assessment of patient symptoms. We therefore evaluated which CD and UC symptoms impact HCPs’ treatment choices and assessed the impact of those symptoms on treatment decision-making. We also examined the role of complete control (mucosal/histologic healing, clinical remission, no bowel urgency) in treatment decision-making, considerations for dose escalation or switching treatments, and HCPs’ willingness to use the Urgency Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) to assess bowel urgency severity.

Methods
We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, self-administered survey among HCPs (N = 459, across types/specialties) who work in direct patient care and treat patients with CD and UC in the United States. Data were collected from eligible participants between November 21, 2022, and December 6, 2022, and responses were summarized through descriptive statistics.

Results
For CD and UC, the symptoms of greatest importance when deciding on the course of treatment included cramping or abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, diarrhea, anemia, weight loss, and bowel urgency. Furthermore, most HCPs ranked rectal bleeding, clinical remission, abdominal pain, and complete control as “very” to “extremely” important in decisions about the course of treatment, dose escalation, or switching treatments. In total, 22.9% of HCPs indicated that they use the Urgency NRS, while 89.3% were at least somewhat willing to use it in the future.

Conclusions
Our study provides real-world insights into the symptoms and clinical characteristics that most impact HCPs’ treatment choices for CD and UC in clinical practice.
Costly calling: Marmots who alarm call at higher rates are less likely to survive the summer and live shorter lives
Authors: Blumstein Daniel T , Adler Katie A , Uy Jazmine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Emitting alarm calls may be costly, but few studies have asked whether calling increases a caller’s risk of predation and survival. Since observing animals calling and being killed is relatively rare, we capitalized on over 24,000 h of observations of marmot colonies and asked whether variation in the rate that yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) alarm called was associated with the probability of summer mortality, a proxy for predation. Using a generalized mixed model that controlled for factors that influenced the likelihood of survival, we found that marmots who called at higher rates were substantially more likely to die over the summer. Because virtually all summer mortality is due to predation, these results suggest that calling is indeed costly for marmots. Additionally, the results from a Cox survival analysis showed that marmots that called more lived significantly shorter lives. Prior studies have shown that marmots reduce the risk by emitting calls only when close to their burrows, but this newly quantified survival cost suggests a constraint on eliminating risks. Quantifying the cost of alarm calling using a similar approach in other systems will help us better understand its true costs, which is an essential value for theoretical models of calling and social behavior.
Association between communication patterns, benefit finding, and relationship satisfaction in stroke couples: an actor-partner interdependence mediation model
Authors: Liu Zhiwei , Zhang Zhenxiang , Wang Wenru , Ping Zhiguang , Chen Suyan , Yuan Yan , Zhang Weihong , Li Xin , Mei Yongxia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
To explore the mediating role of relationship satisfaction between communication patterns and benefit findings in stroke couples using the actor–partner interdependence mediation model.

Methods and results
A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2022 to April 2023 in China. Based on the actor–partner interdependence mediation model, we used structural equation modelling to explore the mediating role of relationship satisfaction of stroke patients and their spouses in communication patterns and benefit findings. A total of 381 stroke couples (patients, 61.4% male, mean age 54.06; caregivers, mean age 53.58) were included in the data analysis. Actor effects showed that stroke couples’ relationship satisfaction mediated each of their own three communication patterns (constructive communication, demand/withdraw communication, and mutual avoidance) and benefit findings. In addition, patients’ relationship satisfaction mediated patient demand–spouse withdraw and spouses’ benefit findings. Partner effect showed that patients’ relationship satisfaction mediated the association between their own three communication patterns and spouses’ benefit findings. Patients’ relationship satisfaction mediated the association between patient demand–spouse withdraw and patients’ benefit findings. Moreover, spouses’ relationship satisfaction mediated the association between the two communication avoidance patterns exhibited by patients (spouse demand–patient withdraw and mutual avoidance) and the spouses’ benefit findings.

Conclusion
The results have demonstrated a reciprocal influence on benefit findings between stroke patients and their spouses. The communication patterns within these couples have impacted not only their own benefit findings but also those of their spouses, with relationship satisfaction playing a mediating role.
Evolution and functional implications of stinger shape in ants
Authors: Casadei-Ferreira Alexandre , Procópio Camacho Gabriela , van de Kamp Thomas , Lattke John E , Machado Feitosa Rodrigo , Economo Evan P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Trait diversification is often driven by underlying performance tradeoffs in the context of different selective pressures. Evolutionary changes in task specialization may influence how species respond to tradeoffs and alter diversification. We conducted this study to investigate the functional morphology, evolutionary history, and tempo and mode of evolution of the Hymenoptera stinger using Ectatomminae ants as a model clade. We hypothesized that a performance tradeoff surface underlies the diversity of stinger morphology and that shifts between predatory and omnivorous diets mediate the diversification dynamics of the trait. Shape variation was characterized by X-ray microtomography, and the correlation between shape and average values of von Mises stress, as a measure of yield failure criteria under loading conditions typical of puncture scenarios, was determined using finite element analysis. We observed that stinger elongation underlies most of the shape variation but found no evidence of biomechanical tradeoffs in the performance characteristics measured. In addition, omnivores have increased phenotypic shifts and accelerated evolution in performance metrics, suggesting the evolution of dietary flexibility releases selection pressure on a specific function, resulting in a greater phenotypic evolutionary rate. These results increase our understanding of the biomechanical basis of stinger shape, indicate that shape diversity is not the outcome of simple biomechanical optimization, and reveal connections between diet and trait diversification.