bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dialogical research methodology based on Buber: intersubjectivity in the research interview
Authors: Brown Judith M. 
Published: July 2017

Buber's concepts of I‐It and I‐Thou are well known, yet his understandings of a dialogical process and dialogical knowing are less evident in the literature. This article briefly details a unique Buberian dialogical research methodology, devised for research into psychological and emotional abuse in families. Informed by Buber's premise that dialogue is the source of knowing, this methodology privileges the intersubjectivity between participant and researcher. It is operationalized in methods that highlight the dialogical process within the research interview, from which dialogical knowing may emerge. Analysis of the intersubjective process is based on the conceptualization of five poetic images that recur in Buber's work, as illustrated in the micro‐analysis contained in this article. It suggests that a Buberian methodology offers deeper and more nuanced understandings of the subjective experiences of vulnerable participants and of theoretical knowledge about a sensitive topic.Practitioner points

Buber's scholarship highlights the ideas of dialogical process and dialogical knowing
A Buberian research methodology requires intersubjectivity to be privileged in analysis, before the consideration of subjective experience or theoretical knowledge
Intersubjective analysis may be operationalized by a conceptualization of Buber's poetic images
Dialogical moments may occur within the research interview, from which dialogical knowing may emerge
Systemic psychotherapists as expert witnesses in the family court: ‘visitors to another world’?
Authors: Hickman Susan 
Published: July 2017

This article is based on research on the interface between systemic psychotherapists who as expert witnesses write reports for the family court in England and the judges who receive them. It explores how well a systemic stance is suited to this type of work and whether there is scope for more systemic therapists to involve themselves in it. The research was conducted through semi‐structured interviews with systemic psychotherapists with experience of acting as expert witnesses and with family court judges. The results were analysed using grounded theory. In the process of the research the focus expanded from an abstract epistemological enquiry to include more practical aspects of connection and difference. Findings indicated that whilst a systemic and relational approach would seem particularly well suited to this work, it was not ‘visible’ as such to lawyers involved in commissioning expert witnesses. This raises the question as to whether there is an ethical responsibility on practitioners to highlight the potential usefulness of systemic thinking in this context.Practitioner points

An approach which promotes relational thinking and addresses issues of marginalization is under‐represented in family court work but is well suited to and needed in it
Systemic practitioners face theoretical, personal and practical challenges in undertaking it
The systemic community has an ethical responsibility to consider whether there is scope for it to make a greater contribution in this area
Everyday territories: homelessness, outreach work and city space
Authors: Smith Robin James , Hall Tom 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article develops a situational approach to understanding urban public life and, in particular, the production of urban territories. Our aim is to examine the ways in which city space might be understood as comprising multiple, shifting, mobile and rhythmed territories. We argue that such territories are best understood through attending to their everyday production and negotiation, rather than handling territory as an a priori construct. We develop this argument from the particular case of the street‐level politics of homelessness and street care. The experience of street homelessness and the provision of care in the public spaces of the city is characterised by precarious territorial claims made and lost. We describe some of the ways in which care work with rough sleepers is itself precarious; ‘homeless’, in lacking a distinct setting in which it might get done. Indeed, outreach work takes place within and affirms homeless territories. The affirmation of territory is shown to be central to the relationship developed between the workers and their rough sleeping clients. We also show, however, the ways in which outreach workers operate on territory not their own, twice over. Outreach work is precarious in that it is practised within, and can run counter to, other territorial productions in which the experience of urban need and the work and politics of care are entangled. In sum, this article aims to move beyond static and binary understandings by developing a mobile and situational approach to city space which recognises the intensive yet overlooked work of territorial production.
‘I just don't want to connect my life with this occupation’: working‐class young men, manual labour, and social mobility in contemporary Russia
Authors: Walker Charlie 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA key strand in the Western literature on working‐class masculinities focuses on whether young men are capable of the feminized performances apparently required of them in new service economies. However, the wider literature on processes of neoliberalization – emphasizing the ‘hollowing out’ of labour markets, the cultural devaluation of lower‐skilled forms of employment, and the pathologization of working‐class lives – would suggest that it is as much a classed as a gendered transformation that is demanded of young men leaving school with few qualifications. This dimension of neoliberalization is highlighted by ethnographic data exploring the experiences and subjectivities of young workers in St Petersburg, Russia, where traditional forms of manual labour have not given way to ‘feminized’ work, but have become materially and symbolically impoverished, and are perceived as incapable of supporting the wider transition into adult independence. In this context, young workers attempt to emulate new forms of ‘successful masculinity’ connected with novel service sector professions and the emergent higher education system, despite the unlikelihood of overcoming a range of structural and cultural barriers. These acquiescent, individualized responses indicate that, while ways of being a man are apparently being liberated from old constraints amongst the more privileged, neoliberalization narrows the range of subject positions available to working‐class young men.
An Analysis on the Choice of Alpha Level in the Osteometric Pair‐matching of the Os Coxa, Scapula, and Clavicle
Authors: Lynch Jeffrey James 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study compares the use of 0.05 and 0.10 alpha levels with the updated osteometric pair‐matching model on two samples of the os coxa, scapula, and clavicle. The samples include the Forensic Data Bank, and the osteometric sorting reference used within the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency. Mixed‐effects two‐way analyses of variance were used to analyze bilateral asymmetry in the standard measurements. In total, 3,793,566 t‐tests were conducted for osteometric pair‐matching analysis. The results indicate high levels of exclusion power, and accuracy can be obtained with the os coxa and scapula. The clavicle standard measurements capture too much asymmetry causing a lower exclusion to accuracy ratio for osteometric pair‐matching relative to other elements. Both 0.05 and 0.10 alpha levels provide acceptable levels of performance. A lower alpha level will result in higher accuracy with less exclusion, and a higher alpha level will result in lower accuracy with more exclusions.
The shift toward neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery for management of advanced ovarian and related cancers in a population‐based setting: Impact on clinical outcomes
Authors: Nicklin James L. , McGrath Shaun , Tripcony Lee , Garrett Andrea , Land Russell , Tang Amy , Perrin Lewis , Chetty Naven , Jagasia Nisha , Crandon Alex J. , Nascimento Marcelo , Walker Graeme , Sanday Karen , Obermair Andreas 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the proportion of patients with advanced ovarian and related cancers (EOC+RC), treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery (NACT – IDS), and to determine if there was any relationship with optimal cytoreduction rates and overall survival (OS) in a state‐wide gynaecologic oncology service over time.MethodsA retrospective review was undertaken using a population‐based database of patients with stages 3 and 4 EOC+RC treated from 1982 till 2013 at the Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer (QCGC). The proportion of patients treated with NACT – IDS compared with primary debulking surgery (PDS) was determined and compared with debulking rates and with the moving five‐year OS probability.ResultsFrom 1982–2013, 2601 patients with advanced EOC+RC were managed at QCGC. No patients received NACT – IDS till 1995 when the first two patients received this treatment, rising to 55% of patients in 2013. Surgical cytoreduction rates to no macroscopic residual (R0) were achieved 32% of the time by 2006, rising to 48% in 2009, and 62% in 2013. Despite the increase in utilisation of NACT – IDS, our unit has noted a continued rise in the OS probability at five years to 45%.ConclusionsThe increasing utilisation of NACT – IDS in the setting of a large centralised clinical service has been associated with increasing rates of optimal cytoreduction and survival rates have continued to rise in excess of those achieved in the trials reported to date.
Discovery and characterization of a novel tryptophan hydroxylase 1 inhibitor as a prodrug
Authors: Shi Hailong , Cui Yaya , Qin Yifei 
Published: July 2017

Serotonin (5‐HT) is an important neurotransmitter and paracrine signaling molecule in the gastrointestinal tract. Two distinct tryptophan hydroxylases (TPH), TPH1 and TPH2, are the rate‐limiting enzymes in the 5‐HT biosynthesis process. TPH1 expression is mainly limited in the enterochromaffin cells and distributed in peripheries such as the skin and gut, while TPH2 is the predominant isoform in the CNS. In this study, mol002291 was screened as a drug‐like compound from the TCM database for the inhibitor of TPH. After the enzymological analysis of mol002291, the analgesic effect of mol002291 was also further investigated in a PI‐IBS visceral hyperalgesia rat model. Results from kinetic analysis showed that mol002291 specifically inhibited the TPH1 but did not act on TPH2, and the inhibitory action displayed characteristics of competitive inhibition. In addition, the results from abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) tests and electromyography (EMG) recordings showed that mol002291 significantly (p < .05) alleviated the visceral hyperalgesia. This result is entirely consistent with the fact that mol002291 significantly decreased the 5‐HT content. These data demonstrated that mol002291 can attenuate visceral hyperalgesia mediated via reducing colonic 5‐HT content. More important is that mol002291 could be developed as a novel prodrug and offer therapeutic avenues for the diseases where there is dysregulation of peripheral serotonergic pathways.
The effect of experimental diabetes and glycaemic control on guided bone regeneration: histology and gene expression analyses
Authors: Retzepi M. , Calciolari E. , Wall I. , Lewis M. P. , Donos N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the effect of experimental diabetes and metabolic control on intramembranous bone healing following guided bone regeneration (GBR).Material and methodsNinety‐three Wistar rats were allocated to three experimental groups, healthy (H), uncontrolled diabetes (D) and controlled diabetes (CD). Twenty one days following diabetes induction, a standardised 5‐mm defect was created at the mid‐portion of each parietal bone. In 75 animals (25H, 25D, 25CD), one defect was treated with an intracranial and extracranial membrane according to the GBR principle, and one defect was left empty (control); five animals per group were then randomly sacrificed at 3, 7, 15, 30 and 60 days and processed for decalcified histology. In 18 animals (6H, 6D, 6CD), both defects were treated according to the GBR principle; three animals from each group were then randomly sacrificed at 7 and 15 days of healing and employed for gene expression analysis.ResultsApplication of the GBR therapeutic principle led to significant bone regeneration even in the D group. However, at 15 and 30 days, the osteogenesis process was impaired by uncontrolled diabetes, as shown by the significant reduction in terms of defect closure (38–42%) and newly formed bone (54–61%) compared to the healthy group. The comparison of the D vs. H group at 15 days of healing yielded the largest number of genes with significantly differential expression, among which various genes associated with the ossification process (bmp4, ltbp4, thra and cd276) were identified.ConclusionsUncontrolled diabetes seems to affect early phases of the bone regeneration following GBR. A misregulation of genes and pathways related to cell division, energy production, inflammation and osteogenesis may account for the impaired regeneration process in D rats. Further studies are warranted to optimise the GBR process in this medically compromised patient population.
China's Housing Market Imbalance from 2003 to 2016: An Analysis Based on the User Cost Approach
Authors: Lai Pingyao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDuring 2003–2016, China experienced an unprecedented housing market imbalance. The present paper applies the user cost approach to conduct a systematic analysis of this important phenomenon, examines the policy factors behind the persistent housing market imbalance, and explores policy options to correct the housing market imbalance. We found that during most of 2003–2016, the user cost was significantly lower than 2 percent, caused by high income growth, rapid credit expansion and low interest rates, which led to the persistent housing market imbalance. Therefore, the government should control bank credit and introduce property taxes during the possession of houses.
What are the Determinants of Large‐scale Farming in China?
Authors: Xia Xing , Xin Xian , Ma Ling 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Chinese Government has increased its focus on expanding farm scale to promote agricultural development since 2010. A series of favorable polices has been adopted to support large‐scale farming. Using a multivariate probit model and 2015 and 2016 rural household survey data, the present paper examines the factors that influence small farmers' decision to become large‐scale farmers. The empirical regression results suggest that the decision to become a large‐scale farmer is significantly influenced by household human capital, cooperative membership, marketing channels, land‐transfer contracts and government policies. However, the influence of these factors differs with respect to becoming large‐scale grain and non‐grain farmers. These results imply that policy tools should target these factors and the appropriate group of small‐scale farmers. Generally, both central and local governments should promote large‐scale farming by enhancing rural households' human capital, improving marketing channels and providing agricultural social services, as well as encouraging returning migrant workers to engage in large‐scale farming.
Molecular markers reveal reproductive strategies of non‐pollinating fig wasps
Authors: COOK JAMES M. , REUTER CAROLINE , MOORE JAMIE C. , WEST STUART A. 
Published: July 2017

1. Fig wasps have proved extremely useful study organisms for testing how reproductive decisions evolve in response to population structure. In particular, they provide textbook examples of how natural selection can favour female‐biased offspring sex ratios, lethal combat for mates and dimorphic mating strategies.2. However, previous work has been challenged, because supposedly single species have been discovered to be a number of cryptic species. Consequently, new studies are required to determine population structure and reproductive decisions of individuals unambiguously assigned to species.3. Microsatellites were used to determine species identity and reproductive patterns in three non‐pollinating Sycoscapter species associated with the same fig species. Foundress number was typically one to five and most figs contained more than one Sycoscapter species. Foundresses produced very small clutches of about one to four offspring, but one foundress may lay eggs in several figs.4. Overall, the data were a poor match to theoretical predictions of solitary male clutches and gregarious clutches with n − 1 females. However, sex ratios were male‐biased in solitary clutches and female‐biased in gregarious ones.5. At the brood level (all wasps in a fig), a decrease in sex ratio with increasing brood size was only significant in one species, and sex ratio was unrelated to foundress number. In addition, figs with more foundresses contain more wasp offspring.6. Finally, 10–22% of females developed in patches without males. As males are wingless, these females disperse unmated and are constrained to produce only sons from unfertilised eggs.
Bioavailability and tolerability of nebulised dexamethasone sodium phosphate in adult horses
Authors: Haspel A. D. , Giguère S. , Hart K. A. , Berghaus L. J. , Davis J. L. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBackgroundNebulisation of the injectable dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DSP) would offer an inexpensive way of delivering a potent corticosteroid directly to the lungs of horses with asthma. However, this approach would be advantageous only if systemic absorption is minimal and if the preservatives present in the formulation do not induce airway inflammation.ObjectiveTo investigate the bioavailability of nebulisedDSPand determine whether it induces airway inflammation or hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis suppression in healthy adult horses.Study designRandomised crossover experiment.MethodsDexamethasone sodium phosphate was administered to six healthy adult horses at a dose of 5 mg q. 24 h for 5 days via nebulised, or intravenous (i.v.) routes. Plasma dexamethasone concentrations were measured byUPLC/MS‐MSto calculate bioavailability. Cytological examination of bronchoalveolar fluid was performed at baseline and after the last dose ofDSP. A validated chemiluminescent immunoassay was used to measure basal serum cortisol concentrations.ResultsAfter nebulisation to adult horses, dexamethasone had a mean (±s.d.) maximum plasma concentration of 0.774 ± 0.215 ng/mL and systemic bioavailability of 4.3 ± 1.2%. Regardless of route of administration, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid over time. During i.v. administration, basal serum cortisol concentration decreased significantly from baseline to Day 3 and remained low on Day 5. In contrast, basal serum cortisol concentration did not change significantly during administration via nebulisation.Main limitationsSmall sample size and short period of drug administration.ConclusionsDexamethasone sodium phosphate administered via nebulisation had minimal systemic bioavailability and did not induce lower airway inflammation orHPAaxis suppression in healthy horses.
Effect of PNPLA3 I148M polymorphism on histologically proven non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in liver transplant recipients
Authors: Kim Hyeyoung , Lee Kwang‐Woong , Lee Kyoungbun , Seo Sooin , Park Min‐Young , Ahn Sung Woo , Hong Suk Kyun , Yoon Kyung Chul , Kim Hyo‐Sin , Choi YoungRok , Lee Hae Won , Yi Nam‐Joon , Suh Kyung‐Suk 
Published: July 2017

AimPNPLA3 I148M polymorphism (rs738409 C>G) is the most important and best‐known polymorphism for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, little is known about the effect of this polymorphism on NAFLD after liver transplantation (LT). We aimed to evaluate the association between this polymorphism and post‐LT NAFLD.MethodsWe designed a prospective case–control study. Among adult recipients who underwent LT between April 2014 and October 2015, those whose whole blood was preoperatively collected for genotyping in both recipients and coupled donors and those who underwent protocol biopsy at 1 year post‐LT were enrolled.ResultsA total of 32 recipients were enrolled. Histologically proven steatosis (≥5%) was present in 28.1% of patients at a mean time of 12.7 ± 2.0 months after LT. Moderate and more severe steatosis (≥33%) was present in 9.4%. One year after LT, steatosis was present in 50.0% of homozygous recipients with the rs738409‐G allele. It was present in 27.3% of heterozygous recipients with the rs738409‐G allele, and in 9.1% (P = 0.041) of recipients with rs738409‐CC. The genotype of the donor was not significantly (P = 0.647) associated with post‐LT NAFLD. When both recipient and coupled donor showed heterogeneous or homozygous genotype of the rs738409‐G allele, there was significantly more post‐LT NAFLD compared to that in others (47.1% vs. 6.7%; P = 0.018). In univariate and multivariate analyses, only the presence of the rs738409‐G risk allele in both donor and recipient was a significant risk factor for post‐LT NALFD (relative risk, 26.95; P = 0.048).ConclusionsPNPLA3 I148M polymorphism can significantly affect histologically proven NAFLD at 1 year post‐LT.
The impact of immunoglobulin in acute HIV infection on the HIV reservoir: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tiraboschi J , Ray S , Patel K , Teague A , Pace M , Phalora P , Robinson N , Hopkins E , Meyerowitz J , Wang Y , Cason J , Kaye S , Sanderson J , Klenerman P , Fidler S , Frater J , Fox J 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesAntiretroviral therapy (ART) during acute HIV infection (AHI) restricts the HIV reservoir, but additional interventions are necessary to induce a cure. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is not HIV‐specific but is safe and temporarily reduces the HIV reservoir in chronic HIV infection. We present a randomized controlled trial to investigate whether IVIG plus ART in AHI reduces the HIV reservoir and immune activation compared with ART alone.MethodsTen men with AHI (Fiebig II−IV) initiated ART (tenofovir, entricitabine, ritonavir boosted darunavir and raltegravir) at HIV‐1 diagnosis and were randomized to ART alone or ART plus 5 days of IVIG, once virally suppressed (week 19). Blood samples were evaluated for viral reservoir, immune activation, immune exhaustion and microbial translocation. Flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed at weeks 19, 24 and 48, and gut proviral DNA and cell numbers determined.ResultsIVIG was well tolerated and no viral blips (> 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL) occurred during IVIG therapy. From baseline to week 48, total HIV DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (cases: −3.7 log10 copies/106 CD4 cells; controls: −3.87 log10 copies/106 CD4 cells) declined with no differences observed between the groups (P = 0.49). Declines were observed in both groups from week 19 to week 48 in total HIV DNA in PBMCs (P = 0.38), serum low copy RNA (P = 0.57) and gut total HIV DNA (P = 0.55), but again there were no significant differences between arms. Biomarkers of immune activation, immune exhaustion and microbial translocation and the CD4:CD8 ratio were similar between arms for all comparisons.ConclusionsAlthough safe, IVIG in AHI did not impact total HIV DNA, immune function or microbial translocation in peripheral blood or gut tissue.