bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Network Structure of Perinatal Depressive Symptoms in Latinas: Relationship to Stress and Reproductive Biomarkers
Authors: Santos Hudson , Fried Eiko I. , Asafu‐Adjei Josephine , Ruiz R. Jeanne 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBased on emerging evidence, mood disorders can be plausibly conceptualized as networks of causally interacting symptoms, rather than as latent variables of which symptoms are passive indicators. In an innovative approach in nursing research, we used network analysis to estimate the network structure of 20 perinatal depressive (PND) symptoms. Then, two proof‐of‐principle analyses are presented: Incorporating stress and reproductive biomarkers into the network, and comparing the network structure of PND symptoms between non‐depressed and depressed women. We analyzed data from a cross‐sectional sample of 515 Latina women at the second trimester of pregnancy and estimated networks using regularized partial correlation network models. The main analysis yielded five strong symptom‐to‐symptom associations (e.g., cry—sadness), and five symptoms of potential clinical importance (i.e., high centrality) in the network. In exploring the relationship of PND symptoms to stress and reproductive biomarkers (proof‐of‐principle analysis 1), a few weak relationships were found. In a comparison of non‐depressed and depressed women's networks (proof‐of‐principle analysis 2), depressed participants had a more connected network of symptoms overall, but the networks did not differ in types of relationships (the network structures). We hope this first report of PND symptoms as a network of interacting symptoms will encourage future network studies in the realm of PND research, including investigations of symptom‐to‐biomarker mechanisms and interactions related to PND. Future directions and challenges are discussed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
African‐American Fathers' Perspectives on Facilitators and Barriers to Father–Son Sexual Health Communication
Authors: Randolph Schenita D. , Coakley Tanya , Shears Jeffrey , Thorpe Roland J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAfrican‐American males ages 13 through 24 are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), accounting for over half of all HIV infections in this age group in the United States. Clear communication between African‐American parents and their youth about sexual health is associated with higher rates of sexual abstinence, condom use, and intent to delay initiation of sexual intercourse. However, little is known about African‐American fathers' perceptions of what facilitates and inhibits sexual health communication with their preadolescent and adolescent sons. We conducted focus groups with 29 African‐American fathers of sons ages 10–15 to explore perceived facilitators and barriers for father–son communication about sexual health. Participants were recruited from barbershops in metropolitan and rural North Carolina communities highly affected by STIs and HIV, and data were analyzed using content analysis. Three factors facilitated father–son communication: (a) fathers' acceptance of their roles and responsibilities; (b) a positive father–son relationship; and (c) fathers' ability to speak directly to their sons about sex. We also identified three barriers: (a) fathers' difficulty in initiating sexual health discussions with their sons; (b) sons' developmental readiness for sexual health information; and (c) fathers' lack of experience in talking with their own fathers about sex. These findings have implications for father‐focused prevention interventions aimed at reducing risky sexual behaviors in adolescent African‐American males. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An injectable and biomimetic multi‐phase nanocomposite for non‐invasive bone tissue engineering: fabrication and mechanistic evaluation
Authors: Gohil Shalini V. , Kumar Neeraj 
Published: February 2017

An injectable, non‐hardening nanocomposite bone graft has been developed using a combination of nanohydroxyapatite as bioactive and osseointegrative material; P‐15 peptide‐modified poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres as biomimetic and osteoinductive agent; and PLGA–poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)–PLGA as a carrier gel. Increase in lactic acid/glycolic acid ratio of PLGA–PEG–PLGA resulted in stronger gels with a wider gelation window. Addition of 2.5‐fold nanohydroxyapatite resulted in significant changes in injectability (3.5‐fold force of injection), swelling characteristics (2.5 times swelling index), rheological (shear viscosity from 2.1 × 101 Pa s for NC3_700 to 1.5 × 106 Pa s for NC3_73.52 and from 3.9 × 102 Pa s for NC8_700 to 3.76 × 106 Pa s for NC8_732; an increase in elasticity at the level of 1–1000 kPa), and thermal properties of the nanocomposites. A mechanistic study showed that nanohydroxyapatite exhibits a high degree of association with the gel and interferes with its gelation owing to changes in hydrogen bonding interactions between C=⃥O of polymer chains and P–OH groups of nanohydroxyapatite with water molecules of the gel. A schematic was developed demonstrating changes in bonding interactions among constituent phases with respect to nanohydroxyapatite content emphasizing the importance of material interactions while fabricating multi‐phase nanocomposites for various biomedical applications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanical and morphological studies of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s for potential application in fuel cell membrane
Authors: Pirali‐Hamedani Majid , Mehdipour‐Ataei Shahram 
Published: February 2017

Two groups of synthesized sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s with similar structures but different size of repeat units were selected. Investigation of the properties of these copolymers with different sulfonation contents for application as fuel cell membrane was the main aim of this study. These groups of copolymers showed different thermal behavior, mechanical properties, dimensional and oxidative stability, ion exchange capacity, water uptake, and proton conductivity. Structure–property relation was surveyed, and the copolymers showed acceptable results for use as fuel cell membrane. The swelling ratio of the copolymers was in the range of 3.3–6.6%, and the proton conductivity of them was about 0.020–0.077 S/cm at 25°C. These data were comparable with Nafion 115 with 8.15% of swelling ratio and 0.085 S/cm of proton conductivity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prevalence, timing of diagnosis and pregnancy outcome of abdominal wall defects after the introduction of a national prenatal screening program
Authors: Fleurke‐Rozema Hanneke , van de Kamp Karline , Bakker Marian , Pajkrt Eva , Bilardo Caterina , Snijders Rosalinde 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine prevalence, time of diagnosis and outcome of fetuses with an exomphalos or gastroschisis, diagnosed since the introduction of a national prenatal screening program in 2007.MethodsA prospective cohort study was undertaken in two fetal medicine units in the Netherlands. Cases were included if the estimated due date was between 2009 and 2013. Outcome measures were gestational age at diagnosis, presence of additional anomalies and pregnancy outcome.ResultsA total of 141 exomphalos and 44 gastroschisis cases were included in the study, of which, respectively, 96 and 95% were diagnosed prenatally. The majority of the cases are visualized prior to the 20‐week scan. In the exomphalos group, 83% had additional anomalies of which 57% had a chromosomal anomaly. Additional anomalies were present in 11% of the gastroschisis cases of which 40% had a chromosomal anomaly. The pregnancy termination rate was 61% (exomphalos) and 14% (gastroschisis).ConclusionAlmost all exomphalos and gastroschisis cases are diagnosed prenatally, the majority in the first trimester. Associated anomalies are far more common in exomphalos with a fourfold lower survival rate than gastroschisis. In the exomphalos group, the pregnancy termination rate doubled, while in the gastroschisis group the rate remained low. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiemetic use among pregnant women in the United States: the escalating use of ondansetron
Authors: Taylor Lockwood G. , Bird Steven T. , Sahin Leyla , Tassinari Melissa S. , Greene Patty , Reichman Marsha E. , Andrade Susan E. , Haffenreffer Katherine , Toh Sengwee 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeTo examine ondansetron use in pregnancy in the context of other antiemetic use among a large insured United States population of women delivering live births.MethodsWe assessed ondansetron and other antiemetic use among pregnant women delivering live births between 2001 and 2015 in 15 data partners contributing data to the Mini‐Sentinel Distributed Database. We identified live birth pregnancies using a validated algorithm, and all forms of ondansetron and other available antiemetics were identified using National Drug Codes or procedure codes. We assessed the prevalence of antiemetic use by trimester, calendar year, and formulation.ResultsIn over 2.3 million pregnancies, the prevalence of ondansetron, promethazine, metoclopramide, or doxylamine/pyridoxine use anytime in pregnancy was 15.2, 10.3, 4.0, and 0.4%, respectively. Ondansetron use increased from <1% of pregnancies in 2001 to 22.2% in 2014, with much of the increase attributable to oral ondansetron beginning in 2006. Promethazine and metoclopramide use increased modestly between 2001 (13.8%, 3.2%) and 2006 (16.0%, 6.0%) but decreased annually through 2014 (8.0%, 3.2%). Doxylamine/pyridoxine, approved for management of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy in 2013, was used in 1.8% of pregnancies in 2014. For all antiemetics, use was highest in the first trimester.ConclusionsWe observed a marked increase in ondansetron use by study year, prescribed to nearly one‐quarter of insured pregnant women in 2014, occurring in conjunction with decreased use of promethazine and metoclopramide. Given the widespread use of ondansetron in pregnancy, data establishing product efficacy and methodologically rigorous evaluation of post‐marketing safety are needed. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Effect of lactic acid chain length on thermomechanical properties of star‐LA‐xylitol resins and jute reinforced biocomposites
Authors: Jahandideh Arash , Esmaeili Nima , Muthukumarappan Kasiviswanathan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStar‐shaped bio‐based resins were synthesized by direct condensation of lactic acid (LA) with xylitol followed by end‐functionalizing of branches by methacrylic anhydride with three different LA chain lengths (3, 5 and 7). The thermomechanical and structural properties of the resins were characterized by 13C NMR, Fourier transform IR spectroscopy, rheometry, DSC, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), TGA and flexural and tensile tests. An evaluation of the effect of chain length on the synthesized resins showed that the resin with five LAs exhibited the most favorable thermomechanical properties. Also, the resin's glass transition temperature (103 °C) was substantially higher than that of the thermoplast PLA (ca 55 °C). The resin had low viscosity at its processing temperature (80 °C). The compatibility of the resin with natural fibers was investigated for biocomposite manufacturing. Finally, composites were produced from the n5‐resin (80 wt% fiber content) using jute fiber. The thermomechanical and morphological properties of the biocomposites were compared with jute‐PLA composites and a hybrid composite made of the impregnated jute fibers with n5 resin and PLA. SEM and DMA showed that the n5‐jute composites had better mechanical properties than the other composites produced. Inexpensive monomers, good thermomechanical properties and good processability of the n5 resin make the resin comparable with commercial unsaturated polyester resins. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A pilot study evaluation of psychosocial competency training for junior physicians working in oncology and hematology
Authors: Mache Stefanie , Vitzthum Karin , Hauschild Inka , Groneberg David 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis pilot and feasibility study evaluated a work‐related self‐care competency training in oncology and hematology medicine for junior physicians working in oncology and hematology medicine.MethodsA pilot study was conducted with 80 physicians working in oncology and hematology hospital departments in Germany. Physicians were distributed to either the intervention group receiving competency training or a comparison group.The intervention took place in groups over a period of 12 weeks. Training content included work‐related self‐care strategies, problem‐solving techniques solution‐focused counselling. The outcomes studied were changes in work‐related stress, emotional exhaustion, emotion regulation, and job satisfaction. Follow‐up assessments were arranged after 12 weeks (T1), after 24 weeks (T2), and after 36 weeks (T3).ResultsIntervention group reached a decrease in perceived job stress and emotional exhaustion. Self‐perceived improvements were also obvious regarding enhanced emotion regulation skills. Future oncologists valued the intervention with high scores for training design, content, received outcome, and overall training satisfaction.ConclusionsThis study provided first indications that an innovative self‐care competency training might be a supportive approach for junior physicians starting work in oncology and hematology. However, replication studies are needed to verify the results in the medical working context.
An Efficient Method for Determination of the Diphenylamine (Stabilizer) in Propellants by Molecularly Imprinted Polymer based Carbon Paste Electrochemical Sensor
Authors: Hande Pankaj E. , Samui Asit B. , Kulkarni Prashant S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this work we report efficient molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based carbon paste electrode sensor for the determination of diphenylamine in aged propellant. Initially, diphenylamine (DPA)‐MIP was synthesized by using methacrylic acid (monomer) and ethylene glycol dimethyacrylate (cross‐linker). Developed DPA‐MIP was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy. The sensor was incorporated as electrode in cyclic voltammetry. The sensor response was linear in the range of 0.5–3 mM DPA concentration. The lower detection limit obtained for sensor was 0.1 mM. The developed sensor was used for the determination of DPA in propellant systems. Same electrode was used for three repeated analysis without significant decrease in efficiency.
Experiments and Numerical Calculations on Laser‐induced Ignition of Single Micron‐sized Aluminum Fuel Particle
Authors: Li Shengji , Huang Xuefeng , Zhou Donghui 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the experiments and numerical calculations on the laser‐induced ignition of single micron‐sized aluminum particle in an atmospheric pressure air flow at low Reynolds number. Experimental results demonstrate that the radiation intensity of single micron‐sized aluminum particle, during ignition, experiences first sharp rising, stable equilibrium and second steep rising stages. A simplified analytical model was built and numerically solved. Numerical results show that the three distinctive stages represent the heating, melting and evaporation, respectively. Laser radiation mainly contributes to heat aluminum particle, leading to phase transition (melting). The heat released from heterogeneous surface reaction (HSR) dominates the temperature rise of the liquid aluminum and accelerate its evaporation. During ignition, the heat loss of natural convection significantly affects the ignition performance of aluminum particle, while the heat loss of radiation toward the surrounding air only affects the evaporation rate. Threshold ignition energy of aluminum particle based on numerical calculations is in good agreement with the experiments, which strongly depends on the particle diameter. Ignition delay time depends on the particle diameter and ignition energy. This study will be beneficial to deeply recognize the ignition mechanism of single micron‐sized aluminum particle, especially in the transition region between nanoscale and microscale.
Photoluminescence studies of cubic GaN epilayers
Authors: Church S. A. , Hammersley S. , Mitchell P. W. , Kappers M. J. , Sahonta S. L. , Frentrup M. , Nilsson D. , Ward P. J. , Shaw L. J. , Wallis D. J. , Humphreys C. J. , Oliver R. A. , Binks D. J. , Dawson P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe luminescence properties of cubic GaN films grown upon 3C‐SiC/Si (001) substrates by MOCVD were investigated. The spectra show luminescence peaks which are associated with donor bound exciton recombination and donor acceptor pair recombination. A reduced peak energy for the D0X emission compared with values reported in the literature suggests a tensile‐strain‐reduced bandgap of approximately 3.27 eV, which is consistent with the absorption edge in photoluminescence‐excitation spectroscopy. The presence of hexagonal material introduces a broad emission band at 3.40 eV with a FWHM of 190 meV, extending to energies up to 3.60 eV. The intensity of this emission scales linearly with excitation power, its peak energy and width remaining unchanged. This band is associated with an absorption edge below 3.70 eV and therefore is not caused by absorption into phase‐pure cubic or hexagonal GaN. The photoluminescence lifetimes measured across this band reduce from 0.40 to 0.20 ns with increasing emission energy. All these observations can be explained by considering a type‐II‐band alignment adjacent to stacking faults within the cubic GaN.
Phytochemical Characterization, Antibacterial, Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory and Cytotoxic Properties of Cryptostephanus vansonii, an Endemic Amaryllid
Authors: Moyo Mack , Aremu Adeyemi O. , Chukwujekwu Jude C. , Gruz Jiri , Skorepa Jiri , Doležal Karel , Katsvanga Cuthbert A.T. , Van Staden Johannes 
Published: February 2017

Cryptostephanus vansonii I. Verd., an endemic Amaryllidaceae species from Zimbabwe, was evaluated for its acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory and cytotoxicity properties using Ellman's colorimetric method and the tetrazolium‐based colorimetric assay against Vero monkey kidney cells, respectively. The plant extracts were also evaluated for their antibacterial activity against five bacteria. Furthermore, phytochemical profiles of the extracts were determined using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. A plant part‐dependent AChE inhibitory activity was observed, in the order, root > rhizome > basal leaf > leaf. Overall, C. vansonii extracts exhibited better antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative compared with Gram‐positive bacteria. Cytotoxic effects were not detected in Vero monkey kidney cell lines suggesting the possible absence of toxophores in C. vansonii extracts. Similar to the trend in biological activity, a distinct plant part‐dependent variation in hydroxybenzoates, hydroxycinnamates and flavonoids was observed in the plant extracts. In addition, 5‐hydroxymetylfurfural and eucomic acid were detected in the different plant parts of C. vansonii. The results of the present study provide valuable AChE inhibition activity, toxicological and phytochemical profiles of C. vansonii. Further studies on isolation of bioactive compounds and their subsequent evaluation in other pharmacological and toxicological model systems are required. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and evaluation of a variable stiffness manual operating platform for laparoendoscopic single site surgery (LESS)
Authors: Li Jinhua , Li Xuejie , Wang Jianchen , Xing Yuan , Wang Shuxin , Ren Xiangyun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundMost of the existing robotic platforms for LESS have workspace and load capacity weaknesses, because of the limitation of one single incision. We have developed a LESS manual operating platform of which the stiffness of the insertion tube is controllable.MethodsThe system included two dexterous tool manipulators, a stereo‐vision module and a variable stiffness insertion tube (VSIT), which was designed using phase‐change material (mixed indium, gallium and stannum). Experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of the VSIT were set up. Peg transfer tasks and trajectory tracking tasks were conducted to assess the initial performance of the overall system.ResultsThe experimental results for stiffness characteristic suggested that the rigidity of the VSIT with a straight‐forward pose was considerably increased by about four times in the rigid mode. Peg transfer tasks and trajectory tracking tasks were performed successfully with an average time of 97 s and 52 s, respectively.ConclusionsThe experimental results for stiffness characteristic showed that the manual operating platform had great promise for solving large workspace, high manipulation force and stability problems in LESS. The tool manipulators had the ability to achieve basic operations.
Enabling code transformations with FermaT on simplified bytecode
Authors: Pracner Doni , Budimac Zoran 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a new approach for working with Java bytecode that uses existing tools (FermaT and the wide spectrum language) that have been industrially tested and proven in transforming legacy assembly code. The first step has been a successful translator that works with a subset language (MicroJava) and enables the usage of formal transformations in FermaT to restructure the code from a machine level to human readable high level structures, both automatically and manually. It mostly relies on the existing transformations, but some new ones were introduced in this work, and some old ones were modified.
Clustering hypervisors to minimize failures in mobile cloud computing
Authors: Fekade Berihun , Maksymyuk Taras , Jo Minho 
Published: February 2017

AbstractResource virtualization has become one of the key super‐power mobile computing architecture technologies. As mobile devices and multimedia traffic have increased dramatically, the load on mobile cloud computing systems has become heavier. Under such conditions, mobile cloud system reliability becomes a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a new model using a naive Bayes classifier for hypervisor failure prediction and prevention in mobile cloud computing. We exploit real‐time monitoring data in combination with historical maintenance data, which achieves higher accuracy in failure prediction and early failure‐risk detection. After detecting hypervisors at risk, we perform live migration of virtual servers within a cluster, which decreases the load and prevents failures in the cloud. We performed a simulation for verification. According to the experimental results, our proposed model shows good accuracy in failure prediction and the possibility of decreasing downtime in a hypervisor service. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systems biology of oxygen homeostasis
Authors: Samanta Debangshu , Prabhakar Nanduri R. , Semenza Gregg L. 
Published: February 2017

Metazoan species maintain oxygen homeostasis through the activity of hypoxia‐inducible factors, which are transcriptional activators that regulate the expression of hundreds of genes to match O2 supply and demand. Here, we review the involvement of hypoxia‐inducible factors in the molecular physiology and pathophysiology of cellular O2 sensing, O2 delivery, O2 utilization, and systemic O2 sensing. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1382. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1382This article is categorized under:

Biological Mechanisms > Metabolism
Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease
Physiology > Organismal Responses to Environment