bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid 3D in vivo 1H human lung respiratory imaging at 1.5 T using ultra‐fast balanced steady‐state free precession
Authors: Pusterla Orso , Bauman Grzegorz , Wielpütz Mark O. , Nyilas Sylvia , Latzin Philipp , Heussel Claus P. , Bieri Oliver 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo introduce a reproducible, nonenhanced 1H MRI method for rapid in vivo functional assessment of the whole lung at 1.5 Tesla (T).MethodsAt different respiratory volumes, the pulmonary signal of ultra‐fast steady‐state free precession (ufSSFP) follows an adapted sponge model, characterized by a respiratory index α. From the model, α reflects local ventilation‐related information, is virtually independent from the lung density and thus from the inspiratory phase and breathing amplitude. Respiratory α‐mapping is evaluated for healthy volunteers and patients with obstructive lung disease from a set of five consecutive 3D ultra‐fast steady‐state free precession (ufSSFP) scans performed in breath‐hold and at different inspiratory volumes. For the patients, α‐maps were compared with CT, dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI), and Fourier decomposition (FD).ResultsIn healthy volunteers, respiratory α‐maps showed good reproducibility and were homogeneous on iso‐gravitational planes, but showed a gravity‐dependent respiratory gradient. In patients with obstructive pulmonary disease, the functional impairment observed in respiratory α‐maps was associated with emphysematous regions present on CT images, perfusion defects observable on DCE‐MRI, and impairments visualized on FD ventilation and perfusion maps.ConclusionRespiratory α‐mapping derived from multivolumetric ufSSFP provides insights into functional lung impairment and may serve as a reproducible and normative measure for clinical studies. Magn Reson Med 78:1059–1069, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Valosin‐containing Protein is a Target of 5′‐l Fuligocandin B and Enhances TRAIL Resistance in Cancer Cells
Authors: Arai Midori A. , Taguchi Shota , Komatsuzaki Kazuhiro , Uchiyama Kento , Masuda Ayaka , Sampei Mana , Satoh Mamoru , Kado Sayaka , Ishibashi Masami 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFuligocandin B (2) is a novel natural product that can overcome TRAIL resistance. We synthesized enatiomerically pure fuligocandin B (2) and its derivative 5′‐I fuligocandin B (4), and found that the latter had an improved biological activity against the human gastric cancer cell line, AGS. We attached a biotin linker and photoactivatable aryl diazirine group to 5′‐I fuligocandin B (4), and employed a pull‐down assay to identify valosin‐containing protein (VCP/p97), an AAA ATPase, as a 5′‐I fuligocandin B (4) target protein. Knock‐down of VCP by siRNA enhanced sensitivity to TRAIL in AGS cells. In addition, 4 enhanced CHOP and DR5 protein expression, and overall intracellular levels of ubiquitinated protein. These data suggest that endoplasmic reticulum stress caused through VCP inhibition by 4 increases CHOP‐mediated DR5 up‐regulation, which enhances TRAIL‐induced cell death in AGS cells. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example to show a relationship between VCP and TRAIL‐resistance‐overcoming activity in cancer cells.
The Pass‐Through of Taxes on Sugar‐Sweetened Beverages to Retail Prices: The Case of Berkeley, California
Authors: Cawley John , Frisvold David E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObesity and diet‐related chronic disease are increasing problems worldwide. In response, many governments have enacted or are considering taxes on energy‐dense foods. Perhaps the most commonly recommended policy is a tax on sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs). This paper estimates the extent to which a tax on SSBs is passed through to consumers in the form of higher prices. We examine the first city‐level tax on SSBs in the United States, which was enacted by the voters of Berkeley, California, in November 2014. We collected the prices of various brands and sizes of SSBs and other beverages before and after the implementation of the tax from a near‐census of convenience stores and supermarkets in Berkeley, California. We also collected prices from stores in a control city: San Francisco, where a similar voter referendum failed despite majority support. Estimates from difference‐in‐differences models indicate that, across all brands and sizes of products examined, 43.1 percent (95 percent confidence interval: 27.7 to 58.4 percent) of the Berkeley tax was passed on to consumers. The estimates also are consistent with cross‐border shopping. For each mile of distance between the store and the closest store selling untaxed SSBs, pass‐through rose 33.3 percent for 2 L bottles and 25.8 percent for 12‐packs of 12 ounce cans.
Understanding the epigenetic regulation of tumours and their microenvironments: opportunities and problems for epigenetic therapy
Authors: Liu Man , Zhou Jingying , Chen Zhiwei , Cheng Alfred Sze‐Lok 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe tumour microenvironment plays an instrumental role in cancer development, progression and treatment response/resistance. Accumulating evidence is underscoring the fundamental importance of epigenetic regulation in tumour immune evasion. Following many pioneering discoveries demonstrating malignant transformation through epigenetic anomalies (‘epimutations’), there is also a growing emphasis on elucidating aberrant epigenetic mechanisms that reprogramme the milieu of tumour‐associated immune and stromal cells towards an immunosuppressive state. Pharmacological inhibition of DNA methylation and histone modifications can augment the efficiency of immune checkpoint blockage, and unleash anti‐tumour T‐cell responses. However, these non‐specific agents also represent a ‘double‐edged sword’, as they can also reactivate gene transcription of checkpoint molecules, interrupting immune surveillance programmes. By understanding the impact of epigenetic control on the tumour microenvironment, rational combinatorial epigenetic and checkpoint blockage therapies have the potential to harness the immune system for the treatment of cancer. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fgf10 deficiency is causative for lethality in a mouse model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Chao Cho‐Ming , Yahya Faady , Moiseenko Alena , Tiozzo Caterina , Shrestha Amit , Ahmadvand Negah , El Agha Elie , Quantius Jennifer , Dilai Salma , Kheirollahi Vahid , Jones Matthew , Wilhem Jochen , Carraro Gianni , Ehrhardt Harald , Zimmer Klaus‐Peter , Barreto Guillermo , Ahlbrecht Katrin , Morty Rory E , Herold Susanne , Abellar Rosanna G , Seeger Werner , Schermuly Ralph , Zhang Jin‐San , Minoo Parviz , Bellusci Saverio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInflammation‐induced FGF10 protein deficiency is associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease of prematurely born infants characterized by arrested alveolar development. So far, experimental evidence for a direct role of FGF10 in lung disease is lacking. Using the hyperoxia‐induced neonatal lung injury as a mouse model of BPD, the impact of Fgf10 deficiency in Fgf10+/− versus Fgf10+/+ pups was investigated. In normoxia, no lethality of Fgf10+/+ or Fgf10+/− pups was observed. By contrast, all Fgf10+/− pups died within 8 days of hyperoxic injury, with lethality starting at day 5, whereas Fgf10+/+ pups were all alive. Lungs of pups from the two genotypes were collected on postnatal day 3 following normoxia or hyperoxia exposure for further analysis. In hyperoxia, Fgf10+/− lungs exhibited increased hypoalveolarization. Analysis by FACS of the Fgf10+/− versus control lungs in normoxia revealed a decreased ratio of alveolar epithelial type II (AECII) cells over total Epcam‐positive cells. In addition, gene array analysis indicated reduced AECII and increased AECI transcriptome signatures in isolated AECII cells from Fgf10+/− lungs. Such an imbalance in differentiation is also seen in hyperoxia and is associated with reduced mature surfactant protein B and C expression. Attenuation of the activity of Fgfr2b ligands postnatally in the context of hyperoxia also led to increased lethality with decreased surfactant expression. In summary, decreased Fgf10 mRNA levels lead to congenital lung defects, which are compatible with postnatal survival, but which compromise the ability of the lungs to cope with sub‐lethal hyperoxic injury. Fgf10 deficiency affects quantitatively and qualitatively the formation of AECII cells. In addition, Fgfr2b ligands are also important for repair after hyperoxia exposure in neonates. Deficient AECII cells could be an additional complication for patients with BPD. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aligning, analyzing, and visualizing sequences for antibody engineering: Automated recognition of immunoglobulin variable region features
Authors: Jarasch Alexander , Skerra Arne 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe analysis and comparison of large numbers of immunoglobulin (Ig) sequences that arise during an antibody selection campaign can be time‐consuming and tedious. Typically, the identification and annotation of framework as well as complementarity‐determining regions (CDRs) is based on multiple sequence alignments using standardized numbering schemes, which allow identification of equivalent residues among different family members but often necessitate expert knowledge and manual intervention. Moreover, due to the enormous length variability of some CDRs the benefit of conventional Ig numbering schemes is limited and the calculation of correct sequence alignments can become challenging. Whereas, in principle, a well established set of rules permits the assignment of CDRs from the amino acid sequence alone, no currently available sequence alignment editor provides an algorithm to annotate new Ig sequences accordingly. Here we present a unique pattern matching method implemented into our recently developed ANTICALIgN editor that automatically identifies all hypervariable and framework regions in experimentally elucidated antibody sequences using so‐called “regular expressions.” By combination of this widely supported software syntax with the unique capabilities of real‐time aligning, editing and analyzing extended sets of amino acid and/or nucleotide sequences simultaneously on a local workstation, ANTICALIgN provides a powerful utility for antibody engineering. Proteins 2016; 85:65–71. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Machine learning for atomic forces in a crystalline solid: Transferability to various temperatures
Authors: Suzuki Teppei , Tamura Ryo , Miyazaki Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRecently, machine learning has emerged as an alternative, powerful approach for predicting quantum‐mechanical properties of molecules and solids. Here, using kernel ridge regression and atomic fingerprints representing local environments of atoms, we trained a machine‐learning model on a crystalline silicon system to directly predict the atomic forces at a wide range of temperatures. Our idea is to construct a machine‐learning model using a quantum‐mechanical dataset taken from canonical‐ensemble simulations at a higher temperature, or an upper bound of the temperature range. With our model, the force prediction errors were about 2% or smaller with respect to the corresponding force ranges, in the temperature region between 300 K and 1650 K. We also verified the applicability to a larger system, ensuring the transferability with respect to system size.
Is the CABIC Clean Intermittent Catheterization Patient Education Effective?
Authors: Le Danseur Maureen , Stutzman Sonja E. , Wilson Jennifer , Sislak Isabelle , Olson Dai Wai M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
This study examined the effectiveness of the consensus model (Clinical Advisory Board for Intermittent Catheterization [CABIC] method) for teaching clean intermittent self-catheterization (ISC). The primary hypothesis was that the CABIC method of teaching ISC would result in higher ISC knowledge and performance scores.

Design:
Prospective, non randomized, pre–post study of an educational intervention of ISC education with nursing students.

Methods:
Nursing students completed a self-report pre-/posttest, education of the CABIC method, and video recording of the CABIC method using same-gendered manikins. The Le Danseur Instrument (LDI) was used to grade the video-recorded demonstration.

Findings:
Fifty participants completed three phases of the study. Paired t test showed statistically significant improvement in ISC knowledge. A mean score of 92–93 demonstrated a high level of participant education retention.

Conclusions:
The CABIC method of teaching clean ISC is associated with improvement in generalized clean ISC knowledge and performance scores.

Clinical Relevance:
The CABIC method can be integrated into clinical practice as an evidence-based approach to teaching ISC.
Estimating denning date of wolves with daily movement and GPS location fix failure
Authors: Walsh Patrick B. , Sethi Suresh Andrew , Lake Bryce C. , Mangipane Buck A. , Nielson Ryan , Lowe Stacey 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTWe used Global Positioning System (GPS) radiotelemetry data from 7 breeding female wolves (Canis lupus; n = 14 dennings) in 3 regions across Alaska, USA, during 2008–2011 to develop and compare methods for estimating the onset of denning, and thus infer timing of parturition. We developed and tested 2 estimators based on a combination of GPS radiocollar location‐fix failure and distance traveled between locations. We developed a quantitative method employing Generalized Additive Models to smooth time series of wolf data to estimate denning onset. In contrast, 3 study authors with first‐hand experience with the study wolves implemented a subjective method of estimating denning onset by visual inspection of detection and distance traveled data. We then tested the visual method for repeatability by subjecting it to 10 wolf experts not associated with this study. Side‐by‐side comparison of estimators indicates that denning onset can be precisely measured using GPS detection success and distance traveled. Furthermore, the visual‐inspection method was simple and rapid to implement and yielded more accurate (relative to assumed dates of denning onset) and precise results compared to the quantitative estimator. Although the Generalized Additive Model based approach had the advantage of estimating denning onset objectively following a set of prescribed rules in a statistical inferential framework, we found the method required significant technical capacity to implement and did not represent an improvement over simple visual‐inspection‐based estimates of denning onset. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Risk Factors for Anastomotic Stricture Post‐esophagectomy with a Standardized Sutured Anastomosis
Authors: Ahmed Zuhair , Elliott Jessie A. , King Sinead , Donohoe Claire L. , Ravi Narayanasamy , Reynolds John V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundBenign anastomotic strictures occur frequently after esophagectomy, and impact on postoperative recovery, nutritional status, and quality of life. This large cohort study explored the incidence of stricture after transthoracic (2‐ and 3‐stage) and transhiatal resections with uniform single‐layer sutured anastomotic technique, and aimed to identify independent risk factors.MethodsPatients undergoing esophagectomy with gastric conduit reconstruction between February 2001 and October 2014 were studied prospectively. Symptomatic anastomotic stricture was defined as dysphagia requiring endoscopic dilatation, and refractory strictures as those requiring >5 dilatations. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine factors independently associated with stricture development.ResultsFive‐hundred and twenty‐four patients, 77 % with adenocarcinoma, underwent esophagectomy [2‐stage, n = 328 (62.6 %); 3‐stage, n = 129 (23.3 %); transhiatal, n = 74 (14.1 %)], with an overall inhospital mortality rate of 2.7 %. 58.5 % of patients received neoadjuvant therapy [chemotherapy only, n = 119 (22.7 %); chemoradiation, n = 188 (35.9 %)]. Anastomotic stricture developed in 125 patients (24.5 %), was refractory in 20 (3.9 %) and required a median of 2 dilatations (range 1–18). On multivariable analysis, ASA grade (P < 0.05), cervical anastomosis (P < 0.001), and a significant postoperative cardiac event (P < 0.05) were independently associated with stricture risk. Refractory strictures were independently associated with anastomotic leak (P = 0.01) and transhiatal resections (P < 0.001).ConclusionBenign anastomotic strictures are common, particularly with cervical reconstruction, and after transhiatal resection. Refractory strictures are rare. Where fitness and oncologic equivalence apply, a thoracic anastomosis provides significant advantages compared with a cervical anastomosis in terms of anastomotic stricture risk.
Potential of an Al-Ti-MgAl2O4 Master Alloy and Ultrasonic Cavitation in the Grain Refinement of a Cast Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Sreekumar V. M. , Babu N. H. , Eskin D. G. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A new grain refining master alloy containing MgAl2O4 and Ti was synthesized by in situ reaction of TiO2 particles in an Al-Mg melt. MgAl2O4 particles formed were distributed in the melt by ultrasonic cavitation processing. The obtained master alloy showed considerable (50 pct) grain refining ability in a commercial A357-type Al-Si alloy. Ultrasonication contributed further to 25 pct in the grain refinement. In comparison with a commercial Al-5 pct Ti-1 pct B master alloy, the efficiency of the new master alloy is less at a lower addition rate. Nevertheless, both master alloys performed similarly at higher additions. The strength and ductility of the inoculated and ultrasonicated alloy showed at least a 10 pct and a 50 pct increase, respectively, as compared with non-grain-refined alloy and a similar mechanical performance in comparison with the alloy inoculated with Al-5 pct Ti-1 pct B master alloy.
Localization and distribution of superoxide dismutase‐1 in the neural tube morphogenesis of chick embryo
Authors: Dhage Prajakta A. , Kamble Lekha K. , Bhargava Shobha Y. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSuperoxide dismutase 1 (SOD‐ 1) is an antioxidant enzyme that regulates the levels of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) by catalyzing the conversion of superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen. ROS are known to play a significant role in various cellular processes, via redox modification of a variety of molecules that participate in signaling pathways involved in this processes. As the levels of ROS in cells are controlled by the levels of antioxidant enzymes, thus SOD‐1 may be indirectly involved in regulating different cellular processes by maintaining the required levels of H2O2. Therefore, in the present study we have investigated the possible involvement of SOD‐ 1 in the neurulation during the development of chick embryo. During gastrulation, SOD‐ 1 immunoreactivity was observed throughout the ectoderm and cauda mesoderm areas, however, its presence during neurulation was restricted to certain areas of neural tube particularly in the dorsal neural tube where neural tube closure takes place. Assaying enzyme activity revealed a significant increase in the SOD activity during neurulation. Further, inhibition of SOD‐ 1 by Diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) induced abnormalities in the development of the neural tube. SOD‐ 1 inhibition specifically affected the closure of neural tube in the anterior region. Thus, here we report the presence of SOD‐ 1 mainly in the ectoderm and tissues of ectodermal origin during gastrulation to neurulation which suggests that it may be involved in the regulating the cellular processes during neural tube morphogenesis.
Influence of Functional Capacity Evaluation on Physician's Assessment of Physical Capacity of Veterans With Chronic Pain: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Peppers Dominique , Figoni Stephen F. , Carroll Breda W. , Chen Michael M. , Song Sungchan , Mathiyakom Witaya 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundPhysicians have difficulty predicting patients' occupational limitations, abilities, and success from clinical evaluation (CE) of pathology and impairments, especially in the presence of chronic pain. Additional information from a functional capacity evaluation (FCE) may improve the accuracy of their physical capacity assessments. It is not known whether FCE information will change these assessments. No such study has been published using Veterans or non‐Veterans.ObjectiveTo determine the influence of FCE data on the physician's assessment of the US Department of Labor's Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) work capacity levels of Veterans with chronic moderate‐intensity pain.DesignRetrospective analysis.SettingTertiary care medical center.ParticipantsVeterans aged 18‐60 years with moderate chronic musculoskeletal pain who were seeking employment.MethodsTwo kinesiotherapists performed FCEs on all participants, namely, the lumbar protocol of the EvalTech Functional Testing System (BTE, Inc, Hanover, MD). One physiatrist performed CEs in all participants. Two other physiatrists assessed DOT physical capacity levels using CE data alone and later using combined CE and FCE data.Main Outcome MeasurementsDOT physical capacity level (sedentary = 1, light = 2, medium = 3, heavy = 4, very heavy = 5).ResultsOf 55 charts reviewed, 27 met inclusion/exclusion criteria. The mean age was 38 years, and there were 25 male and 2 female participants. The predominant pain location was the lower back. DOT scores for 2 physicians were averaged. The mean ± SD DOT scores for CE only and CE+FCE conditions were 2.04 ± 0.33 and 2.40 ± 0.90, respectively. In all, 65% of DOT scores changed (17% decreased and 48% increased at least 1 level) after FCE data were considered. A 1‐sample t test revealed that the mean CE+FCE DOT score was significantly greater than the mean CE‐only score (by 20%, P = .02). Interrater agreement (weighted κ) for CE+FCE‐based DOT scores was much higher than for CE alone (0.715 versus 0.182).ConclusionThe addition of FCE data to CE changed the majority of physician‐assigned DOT levels. FCE significantly increased the mean DOT physical work capacity level provided by the physician to Veterans with chronic moderate‐intensity pain, especially if the initial assessment was designated as “light.” FCE may facilitate a more objective and accurate determination of Veterans' work capacity.Level of EvidenceIII