bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subtle motor signs in children with ADHD and their white matter correlates
Authors: Hyde C. , Fuelscher I. , Rosch K. S. , Seymour K. E. , Crocetti D. , Silk T. , Singh M. , Mostofsky S. H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSubtle motor signs are a common feature in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It has long been suggested that white matter abnormalities may be involved in their presentation, though no study has directly probed this question. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between white matter organization and the severity of subtle motor signs in children with and without ADHD. Participants were 92 children with ADHD aged between 8 and 12 years, and 185 typically developing controls. Subtle motor signs were examined using the Physical and Neurological Examination for Soft Signs (PANESS). Children completed diffusion MRI, and fixel‐based analysis was performed after preprocessing. Tracts of interest were delineated using TractSeg including the corpus callosum (CC), the bilateral corticospinal tracts (CST), superior longitudinal fasciculus, and fronto‐pontine tracts (FPT). Fiber cross‐section (FC) was calculated for each tract. Across all participants, lower FC in the CST was associated with higher PANESS Total score (greater motor deficits). Within the PANESS, similar effects were observed for Timed Left and Right maneuvers of the hands and feet, with lower FC of the CST, CC, and FPT associated with poorer performance. No significant group differences were observed in FC in white matter regions associated with PANESS performance. Our data are consistent with theoretical accounts implicating white matter organization in the expression of motor signs in childhood. However, rather than contributing uniquely to the increased severity of soft motor signs in those with ADHD, white matter appears to contribute to these symptoms in childhood in general.
Do health care quality improvement policies work for all? Distributional effects by baseline quality in South Africa
Authors: McGuire Finn , Smith Peter C. , Stacey Nicholas , Edoka Ijeoma , Kreif Noemi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHealth care quality improvement (QI) initiatives are being implemented by a number of low‐ and middle‐income countries. However, there is concern that these policies may not reduce, or may even worsen, inequities in access to high‐quality care. Few studies have examined the distributional impact of QI programmes. We study the Ideal Clinic Realization and Maintenance program implemented in health facilities in South Africa, assessing whether the effects of the program are sensitive to previous quality performance. Implementing difference‐in‐difference‐in‐difference and changes‐in‐changes approaches we estimate the effect of the program on quality across the distribution of past facility quality performance. We find that the largest gains are realized by facilities with higher baseline quality, meaning this policy may have led to a worsening of pre‐existing inequity in health care quality. Our study highlights that the full consequences of QI programmes cannot be gauged solely from examination of the mean impact.
Selective Carbohydrate Deacetylation: Simple and Mild Approach based on Supported Copper Nanoparticles
Authors: Marchán‐García Joaquín , Lo Fiego Marcos J. , Moglie Yanina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHerein, a selective protocol for the complete removal of acetyl protecting groups from carbohydrate derivatives based on copper nanoparticles supported on activated carbon is presented. The deacetylation procedure occurs under neutral conditions, is applicable to a wide range of substrates and tolerates a variety of functional groups (e. g. azido, allyl and silyl groups). Quantitative yields of the deacetylated product were obtained for all evaluated derivatives using catalyst amounts between 1 and 10 mol%. As a special highlight, the dual behavior of the nanocatalyst in both deacetylation and click reactions is reported.
Hospital crisis management in the epidemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Mahmoudjanlou Shahrzad , Mahmoudi Ghahraman , Jahani Mohammad‐Ali 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite the advances in medical science, the epidemic of infectious diseases has faced serious challenges to the health system of countries, so the purpose of this study was to identify obstacles and management strategies to prepare for planning preventive measures and better care in dealing with infectious diseases in hospitals.MethodThe current qualitative research was of the grounded theory type, which was conducted in 2023. The semistructured interview questions were obtained from experts. The initial selection of the sample was made from experts in the field of health and treatment from all over the country. The snowball method was used to increase the sample volume until it reached sufficient Value. After analyzing the data through MAXQDA2020 software, this research reached saturation by interviewing 20 experts.ResultsFour main areas, 15 subthemes, and 93 codes were identified in the management of epidemics, which included leadership and management (planning, physical structure, information management, financial resources, manpower, medicine and equipment, and internal and external coordination), Stewardship (macro policy and syndromic care system), safety and resilience (crisis management and emergency and disaster risk management), management of infectious diseases (instructions, education, infection prevention and control, treatment management).ConclusionThis study presents the strategies of the health system in dealing with the epidemic of infectious diseases to overcome the obstacles and challenges of preparation and response, which can help health managers in designing future programs, and finally, it shows that hospitals should have a plan for resilience in crises.
Effects of plantations on rainfall redistribution in a rocky mountain area of North China
Authors: Lu Shan , Yang Letian , Tang Wu , Tian Shuailin , Ma Ruijing , Sang Yuqiang , Zhang Jinsong , Zhang Zhi‐Hua , Shi Yuefeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRainfall redistribution plays a crucial role in the water cycle. However, the main factors affecting the redistribution of rainfall remain uncertain. We chose three different plantations—cork oak (Quercus variabilis Bl.), oriental arborvitae (Platycladus orientalis L.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.)—to investigate the role of plantations in rainfall redistribution and to determine the main factors influencing rainfall redistribution. The results indicated that cork oak exhibited the highest stemflow (0.34%) and the lowest canopy interception (12.58%), whereas black locust had the lowest stemflow (0.21%), and oriental arborvitae displayed the greatest canopy interception (32.8%). Under different density conditions for cork oaks, the stemflow was highest (0.39%) in low‐density forests with 750 trees ha−2 and lowest (0.34%) in medium‐density forests with 1100 trees ha−2. Meanwhile, the highest canopy interception (17.68%) was observed in high‐density forests (1300 trees ha−2), while the lowest interception rate (9.22%) was found in low‐density forests. The main factors affecting rainfall redistribution and their contribution rates were as follows: bark roughness index (35%), wind speed (18.6%), tree species (14.2%), diameter at breast height (11.2%), stand density (9.6%) and rainfall amount (5.4%). Our findings suggested that structural characteristics of trees are the primary factors affecting rainfall redistribution. Planting cork oak in the rocky mountain regions of North China is recommended because of its substantial stemflow production, particularly under low‐density growth conditions. Therefore, this study has significant guiding implications for the selection of afforestation tree species in similar rocky mountain areas globally.
Biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus: A scoping review
Authors: Zhang Su‐jie , Xu Rui‐yang , Kang Long‐li 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, newly discovered potential biomarkers have great research potential in the diagnosis, disease activity prediction, and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).ObjectiveIn this study, a scoping review of potential biomarkers for SLE over several years has identified the extent to which studies on biomarkers for SLE have been conducted, the specificity, sensitivity, and diagnostic value of potential biomarkers of SLE, the research potential of these biomarkers in disease diagnosis, and activity detection is discussed.MethodsIn PubMed and Google Scholar databases, “SLE,” “biomarkers,” “predictor,” “autoimmune diseases,” “lupus nephritis,” “neuropsychiatric SLE,” “diagnosis,” “monitoring,” and “disease activity” were used as keywords to systematically search for SLE molecular biomarkers published from 2020 to 2024. Analyze and summarize the literature that can guide the article.ConclusionsRecent findings suggest that some potential biomarkers may have clinical application prospects. However, to date, many of these biomarkers have not been subjected to repeated clinical validation. And no single biomarker has sufficient sensitivity and specificity for SLE. It is not scientific to choose only one or several biomarkers to judge the complex disease of SLE. It may be a good direction to carry out a meta‐analysis of various biomarkers to find SLE biomarkers suitable for clinical use, or to evaluate SLE by combining multiple biomarkers through mathematical models. At the same time, advanced computational methods are needed to analyze large data sets and discover new biomarkers, and strive to find biomarkers that are sensitive and specific enough to SLE and can be used in clinical practice, rather than only staying in experimental research and data analysis.
Canadian cross‐border insolvency law and the triumph of “modified universalism”: A retrospective
Authors: Nocilla Alfonso 
Published: October 2024

Abstract“This article examines the implementation of the Model Law on Cross‐Border Insolvency in Canada and the evolution of the concept of “modified universalism”. In particular, the article argues that Canadian courts have developed an expansive view of modified universalism, based upon a liberal and purposive interpretive approach, that prioritizes cooperation and coordination with foreign courts to the greatest possible extent. This expansive view of modified universalism began developing in the jurisprudence long before Canada adopted the Model Law in 2009. Although this evolution was not entirely without controversy, since 2009 the law has continued to develop along the same lines. Thus, the Canadian experience illustrates the important role played by the courts in laying the groundwork for the successful adoption and implementation of the Model Law. This can be contrasted with the more restrictive approaches taken by courts in certain other jurisdictions. At the same time, the article also highlights the conceptual indeterminacy of modified universalism, suggesting that more work is needed to fill gaps and resolve inconsistencies that may hamper the law's further development.
A patterned mechanical–electrical coupled sensing patch for multimodal muscle function evaluation
Authors: Xue Jiangtao , Zou Yang , Wan Zhirong , Liu Minghao , Wang Yiqian , Chu Huaqing , Tan Puchuan , Wu Li , Wang Engui , Ouyang Han , Deng Yulin , Li Zhou 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMuscles, the fundamental components supporting all human movement, exhibit various signals upon contraction, including mechanical signals indicating tremors or mechanical deformation and electrical signals responsive to muscle fiber activation. For noninvasive wearable devices, these signals can be measured using surface electromyography (sEMG) and force myography (FMG) techniques, respectively. However, relying on a single source of information is insufficient for a comprehensive evaluation of muscle condition. In order to accurately and effectively evaluate the various states of muscles, it is necessary to integrate sEMG and FMG in a spatiotemporally synchronized manner. This study presents a flexible sensor for multimodal muscle state monitoring, integrating serpentine‐structured sEMG electrodes with fingerprint‐like FMG sensors into a patch approximately 250 μm thick. This design achieves a multimodal assessment of muscle conditions while maintaining a compact form factor. A thermo‐responsive adhesive hydrogel is incorporated to enhance skin adhesion, improving the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the sEMG signals (33.07 dB) and ensuring the stability of the FMG sensor during mechanical deformation and tremors. The patterned coupled sensing patch demonstrates its utility in tracking muscular strength, assessing fatigue levels, and discerning features of muscle dysfunction by analyzing the time‐domain and frequency‐domain characteristics of the mechanical–electrical coupled signals, highlighting its potential application in sports training and rehabilitation monitoring.image
Seizure recurrence following the first unprovoked seizure: Risk factors among children in UAE
Authors: Saleh Dina Amin , Hassan Abeera 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn a retrospective study of paediatric and adolescent patients in Abu Dhabi, UAE, who experienced their first unprovoked seizure between March 2016 and March 2020, with a minimum one‐year follow‐up, we identified significant risk factors associated with seizure recurrence. Among 317 patients, 96.2% experienced seizure recurrence, with the majority (68.8%) occurring within the first 6‐month follow‐up period. Notable risk factors for recurrence included focal seizures, symptomatic seizure causes, abnormal initial electroencephalogram (EEG) findings, abnormal brain magnetic resonance imaging results, and the presence of neurological disorders. Interestingly, the type of epileptiform activity in the initial EEG did not predict recurrence risk. Over a 3‐year period, the overall recurrence risk was 98.4%, particularly higher in cases with symptomatic seizures compared to idiopathic (genetic) ones. These findings underscore the importance of vigilant monitoring, particularly in the early post‐seizure follow‐up period, and advocate for initial EEG assessments, especially in cases of remote symptomatic first unprovoked seizures.
From wastewater to feed: Understanding per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances occurrence in wastewater‐irrigated crops
Authors: Kosiarski Kelly , Usner Charles (Zeke) , Preisendanz Heather E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReusing treated wastewater for irrigation is a sustainable way to recycle nutrients and reduce freshwater use. However, wastewater irrigation inadvertently introduces per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) into agroecosystems, causing concerns regarding potential adverse effects to ecosystem, animal, and human health. Therefore, a better understanding of the pathways by which PFAS accumulate in forage crops is needed. A greenhouse study was conducted to (1) quantify the contribution of root uptake versus foliar sorption of PFAS in corn (Zea mays) and orchard grass (Dactylis glomerata), (2) assess effects of PFAS‐impacted wastewater irrigation on plant health, and (3) determine the potential implications for bioaccumulation. The greenhouse study was composed of four treatments for each forage crop to isolate the relative contribution of two uptake pathways. Results suggested that foliar sorption was an unlikely contributor to PFAS concentrations observed in crop tissue. Root uptake was identified as the predominant uptake pathway. PFAS were detected more frequently in orchard grass samples compared to corn silage samples. Additionally, corn exhibited a lower uptake of long‐chain PFAS compared to grass. Overall, no plant health effects on growth attributable to PFAS concentrations were observed. Forage data suggest cattle exposure to PFAS would be largely short‐chain PFAS or long‐chain “replacement” compounds (>50%). However, cattle may still be exposed to potentially harmful long‐chain PFAS; levels in the forage crops exceeded the tolerable weekly intake set by the European Food Safety Authority. This study provides insights on PFAS entry into the food chain and potential implications for livestock and human health.
Social capital, gender‐based resilience, and well‐being among urban and rural households in Togo
Authors: Akakpo Afi Florence , Sodokin Koffi , Couchoro Mawuli Kodjovi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of social capital (SC) on household resilience and well‐being in Togo, considering gender and location differences. Using data from the 2017 Regional Integrated Survey on Employment and the Informal Sector, three complementary econometric methods were applied, including propensity score matching, endogenous switching regression, and instrumental variable quantile regressions. The results show that access to SC improves household well‐being by strengthening resilience, although this effect varies by gender and location. SC benefits men in rural areas but has less impact on women. Public policies should promote civic engagement to maximize the positive effects of SC.
Rapid advancement of enteral nutrition and in‐hospital mortality in critically ill adults: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cho Jungwon , Shin Ahreum , Im Chami 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundEarly enteral nutrition (EN) initiation is recommended for intensive care unit (ICU) patients; however, the optimal rate of EN advancement remains unclear. We aimed to assess the association between EN advancement and in‐hospital mortality, as well as length of hospital stay.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study on 341 critically ill adults receiving EN between January 2021 and December 2023. The exposure of interest was rapid EN advancement, defined as an EN change exceeding the median value calculated between the first and seventh days after EN initiation. The comparator group included patients without rapid EN advancement. Factors related to in‐hospital mortality and length of hospital stay were assessed using multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses. Subgroup analyses were performed for EN initiation within 48 h of ICU admission.ResultsRapid EN advancement reduced in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, 95% CI 0.38–1.07, P = 0.092), although this was not statistically significant. However, rapid EN advancement significantly shortened hospital stay by 25 days (95% CI −25 to −9.2, P = 0.002). In the early EN initiation subgroup, rapid EN advancement significantly reduced in‐hospital mortality (adjusted OR = 0.42, P = 0.039) and shortened hospital stay by 48 days (95% CI −77 to −19, P = 0.001).ConclusionRapid EN advancement reduced in‐hospital mortality and length of hospital stay in critically ill patients, especially with early EN initiation. These findings could inform clinical practices that enhance timely and adequate nutrition therapy in ICUs. Further randomized controlled trials can help establish clinical guidelines.
Modification of gel properties of Meretrix meretrix (clam) with polysaccharides: physical characterization and interaction mechanism
Authors: Liu Jia‐Cheng , Zhang Lin‐Da , Liu Yue , Zhou Tian‐Qi , Lai Bin , Wang Ce , Yan Jia‐Nan , Wu Hai‐Tao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study investigated the contribution of 11 polysaccharides (2%, w/w), including pectin (PC), κ‐carrageenan (KC), ι‐carrageenan (IC), gellan gum (GG), guar gum (GM), sodium alginate (SA), konjac gum (KG), gum arabic (GA), fucoidan (FC), locust bean gum (LBG), and curdlan (CD), to the gel and microstructural properties of Meretrix meretrix clam gel (MMG).RESULTSThe hardness, springiness and chewiness of MMG with KC, IC, GG, SA and FC addition increased by ~10%–250%, while PC, GM, KG and LBG groups decreased by ~0.6% to 69%. KC, IC, SA, GG and FC decreased the cooking loss rate (CLR) by 69.4% to 88.7% and correspondingly enhanced the water holding capacity (WHC) by 10.2% to 21.4%, which was accompanied by an increased bound water and immobilized water area and high hydrogen proton density. The addition of KC transformed the MMG microstructure from a loose network with large pores to a compact, dense network, reducing lacunarity by 57.9%. The primary intermolecular forces in MMG with the incorporation of KC, IC, GG, SA and FC were hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds, which increased by 32.8%‐105.3% and 45.6%‐114.5% than MMG alone, respectively.CONCLUSIONCollectively, KC, IC, GG, SA and FC could improve the gel properties of MMG and the strongest synergistic combination was found in the MMG/KC system. This study suggests that the incorporation of polysaccharides is a strategy with potential for modifying the gel properties of shellfish surimi products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Abnormal Lattice Shrinkage, Site Occupation, and Luminescent Properties of Cr3+‐Activated β‐Al2O3 Structure Phosphors
Authors: Zhu Hui , Li Yanan , Xi Yuexiang , Xin Chunli , Zhou Cheng , Yang Zhe , Ruan Lang , Li Yanyue , Peng Yao , Molokeev Maxim S. , Zolotov Andrey , Wang Jing , Zhou Zhi , Xia Mao 
Published: October 2024

Abstractβ‐Al2O3 phosphors show good optical properties for highly symmetric lattices and dense frameworks. Here, an abnormal lattice shrinkage phenomenon is found in BaMg1‐xZnxAl9.8O17: Cr3+ (BM1‐xZxA: Cr3+) phosphors, which can be attributed to the variation in the covalency of the chemical bond. Accordingly, the denser crystal structure caused by the abnormal shrinkage improves the luminescent intensity (67%↑) and the thermal stability (69%→76%@150 °C). Internal/external quantum efficiency (IQE/EQE) of BZA: 0.2Cr3+ reaches 95% and 52.7%, respectively. In addition, the preferential occupation of the Cr3+ ion is discussed through the crystal field strength calculation, low‐temperature spectra, and fluorescent lifetime. The unique spectrum of the phosphor derives from the occupation of Cr3+ on the octahedral sites (Al4 and Al1) and the formation of Cr3+‐Cr3+ coupling pairs. Finally, the high matching rate between the absorption curve of plant pigment Pfr and the EL spectrum of the as‐prepared pc‐LED expresses that it can be applied in plant lighting.
Topical Application of Dexamethasone‐Loaded Core‐Multishell Nanocarriers Against Oral Mucosal Inflammation.
Authors: Yapto Cynthia V , Rajes Keerthana , Inselmann Antonia , Staufenbiel Sven , Stolte Kim N , Witt Maren , Haag Rainer , Dommisch Henrik , Danker Kerstin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTopical treatment of oral inflammatory diseases is challenging due to the intrinsic physicochemical barriers of the mucosa and the continuous flow of saliva, which dilute drugs and limit their bioavailability. Nanocarrier technology can be an innovative approach to circumvent these problems and thus improve the efficacy of topical drug delivery to the mucosa. Core‐multishell (CMS) nanocarriers are putative delivery systems with high biocompatibility and the ability to adhere to and penetrate the oral mucosa. Ester‐based CMS nanocarriers release the anti‐inflammatory compound dexamethasone (Dx) more efficiently than a conventional cream. Mussel‐inspired functionalization of a CMS nanocarrier with catechol further improves the adhesion of the nanocarrier and may enhance the efficacy of the loaded drugs. In the present study, the properties of the ester‐based CMS 10‐E‐15‐350 nanocarrier (CMS‐NC) are further evaluated in comparison to the catechol‐functionalized variant (CMS‐C0.08). While the mucoadhesion of CMS‐NC is inhibited by saliva, CMS‐C0.08 exhibits better mucoadhesion in the presence of saliva. Due to the improved adhesion properties, CMS‐C0.08 loaded with dexamethasone (Dx‐CMS‐C0.08) shows a better anti‐inflammatory effect than Dx‐CMS‐NC when applied dynamically. These results highlight the superiority of CMS‐C0.08 over CMS‐NC as an innovative drug delivery system (DDS) for the treatment of oral mucosal diseases.