bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The southern coastal Beringian land bridge: cryptic refugium or pseudorefugium for woody plants during the Last Glacial Maximum?
Authors: Wang Yue , Heintzman Peter D. , Newsom Lee , Bigelow Nancy H. , Wooller Matthew J. , Shapiro Beth , Williams John W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThe Bering Land Bridge (BLB) connected Asia and North America during glacial periods, supported a diverse ecosystem of now‐vanished megafauna, and is a proposed glacial refugium. This study tests whether southern coastal Beringia was a refugium for woody taxa during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and hypotheses about habitats available on the BLB before and after megafaunal extinction.LocationSt. Paul Island, Alaska.MethodsWe analysed sediment cores from the Lake Hill, with a new age model anchored by 18 radiocarbon dates and multiple palaeoecological indicators (sedimentary ancient DNA [sedaDNA], macrobotanical fossils, and pollen) for the presence/absence of four woody genera: Picea, Betula, Alnus and Salix. We reconstructed vegetation history and compare St. Paul tundra composition to mainland counterparts.ResultsSt. Paul has been continuously occupied by graminoid‐forb tundra with prostrate shrubs (Salix, Ericaceae) since 18,000 years before present (yr bp). Fossil pollen of Picea, Pinus, Betula and Alnus is present in the Lake Hill sediments at low relative abundances and accumulation rates, consistent with long‐distance transport. Macrobotanical fossils and sedaDNA analyses do not support Picea, Betula and Alnus presence. The St. Paul modern and fossil pollen assemblages are compositionally unlike mainland counterparts, but most closely resemble Arctic herbaceous tundra. Stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis indicates no major change in the vegetation after woolly mammoth extinction at 5600 yr bp, although Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Equisetum and forb abundances increase.Main conclusionsThis study strongly indicates that St. Paul and, by implication, southern coastal Beringia were not refugia for woody taxa during the LGM. The persistence of prostrate shrub‐graminoid tundra supports interpretations that herbaceous tundra prevailed on southern Beringia during the LGM, whilst not ruling out the possibility of mesic shrub tundra in the interior. This herbaceous tundra supported an island refugium for woolly mammoth for 8000 years, showing no major vegetation composition changes after extinction.
Periodontitis changes renal structures by oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation
Authors: França Luiz Felipe C. , Vasconcelos Any Carolina C. G. , da Silva Felipe R. P. , Alves Even H. P. , Carvalho Joaquina S. , Lenardo David D. , de Souza Luan K. M. , Barbosa André L. R. , Medeiros Jand‐Venes R. , de Oliveira Jefferson S. , Vasconcelos Daniel F. P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether experimental periodontitis cause changes to the renal tissues and imbalance in oxidative stress in kidneys.MethodsTwenty‐two female Wistar rats were separated into two groups: control and periodontitis. We assessed the following parameters: gingival bleeding index (GBI), tooth mobility, gum malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, probing pocket depth (PPD), alveolar bone loss (ABL) for periodontal tissues; histomorphometric measures associated with renal corpuscle and histopathological aspects (evaluation of brush border) for kidneys; as also blood and urine biomarkers. Finally, we evaluated renal oxidative stress through glutathione (GSH) and MDA respectively.ResultsWith regard to renal histomorphometry, significant differences were observed in all parameters assessed. In relation periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, disruption was observed of brush border in the periodontitis group in the renal tubules in comparison with the control group. The periodontitis group presented significantly higher MDA and lower GSH concentrations in the kidneys compared with animals without periodontitis.ConclusionThe induced periodontitis caused histomorphometric changes in renal tissues as well as disruption of the brush border in renal tubules, alterations associated with increase in oxidative stress in kidneys. However, these alterations were not sufficient to cause differences in the renal function markers.
Predictors of long‐term outcomes in patients undergoing periodontal maintenance
Authors: Martinez‐Canut Pedro , Llobell Andrés , Romero Antonio 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThis retrospective study aimed to characterize the baseline status of patients following periodontal maintenance, analysing the association between the long‐term outcome of these patients, smoking, bruxism, and the main clinical and radiographic variables.Material and methodsA sample of 174 patients with moderate to severe periodontitis was refined into homogeneous subsamples according to smoking and bruxism and the rate of tooth loss due to periodontal disease (TLPD): 0, 1–2, and >2 teeth. The association and the distribution (χ² test) of the variables within the subsamples were analysed.ResultsSmoking and bruxism were significantly associated with higher TLPD rates. Vertical and circumferential bone defects (p < .0001), and abfractions (p < .0001) were associated with bruxism and particularly with bruxism and TLPD >2.Furcation defects (p = .0002), fewer radio‐opaque subgingival calculus (χ² p < .0001), a lower mean Gingival index (χ² p = .027), and increased mean recessions >1.5 mm (χ² p = .0026) were associated with smoking and higher TLPD rates. The mean baseline mobility, abfractions, and recessions characterized two basic types of TLPD.ConclusionsSmoking, bruxism, and routine clinical and radiological parameters can be used to characterize the baseline status of patients with worse outcomes.
Rheological properties of a polysaccharide with highly sulfated groups extracted from Gracialaria greville
Authors: Huang Qun , Zhang Huoping , Song Hongbo , Wang Yiwei , An Fengping 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the present study, rheological characteristics of a polysaccharide with highly sulfated groups extracted from Gracilaria greville (Gracilaria greville sulfated polysaccharide, GSPS) were investigated by steady shear and dynamic viscoelastic assays. To well understand the associations of rheological characteristics with GSPS structure, the rheological characteristics of agar were also assessed as a reference. Compared with agar, GSPS had lower viscosity, thixotropy, melting point temperature (GSPS 37 °C, agar 91 °C) and gelling point temperature (GSPS 10 °C, agar 37 °C) than agar. This might be related to the lower 3,6‐anhydro‐galactose content, but much more sulfated groups in GSPS. These results showed that GSPS could be used as a thickener in refrigerated food processing. Furthermore, the fluid type of GSPS was not altered with changes of GSPS concentration, pH value, and metal ion and sucrose concentrations; however, the viscosity of the solution system significantly decreased while thixotropy increased with pH of the GSPS solution adjusted to 3.0 from 6.0. The same results were obtained with increasing of NaCl, CaCl2, and sucrose concentrations. These findings provide a guidance for GSPS application in food processing.Practical applicationsGracilaria greville is commonly known as one of the most economical marine red alga in China, and the polysaccharides extracted from G. greville are compounds simply of agar and SPS. In this manuscript, for the first time the rheological property of polysaccharide, with high sulfated groups extracted from Gracilaria greville, was reported by steady shear and dynamic viscoelastic test. To better understand the connection between rheological characteristics and construction of GSPS, the agar sold in market was also investigated. The finding will be help to fully understand the comprehensively investigated, including the difference with agar (sold in market) under different temperature and the flow behavior of GSPS under different condition.
Comparison of multifactor scoring systems and single serum markers for the early prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis
Authors: He Wen‐Hua , Zhu Yin , Zhu Yong , Jin Qi , Xu Hong‐Rong , Xion Zhi‐Juan , Yu Min , Xia Liang , Liu Pi , Lu Nong‐Hua 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to clarify whether the current scoring systems and single serum markers used in pancreatitis remain applicable for the early prediction of infected pancreatic necrosis (IPN) and the severity and mortality of acute pancreatitis (AP) in accordance with the revised Atlanta and determinant‐based classifications.MethodsDemographic, clinical, and laboratory data from 708 consecutive patients with AP were prospectively collected between January 2011 and December 2012. The severity was classified using the revised Atlanta and determinant‐based classification systems. The predictive accuracies for moderately severe AP (MSAP), severe AP (SAP), critically severe AP (CAP), IPN, and mortality were measured using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves.ResultsThe receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the multifactor scoring systems and single serum markers had a low predictive accuracy regarding moderately severe AP. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score had the highest accuracy in predicting SAP with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.75 (95% CI = 0.71–0.79) and 0.77 (95% CI = 0.73–0.81) at 24 and 48 h after admission, respectively. Procalcitonin was the most accurate predictor for CAP and IPN, with respective AUCs of 0.86 (95% CI = 0.82–0.89) and 0.83 (95% CI = 0.78–0.87) at 48 h after admission. In predicting mortality, both the APACHE II score and blood urea nitrogen had the highest accuracy.ConclusionsThe APACHE II score had the highest predictive accuracy for SAP and mortality as defined by the revised Atlanta classification, whereas procalcitonin was the most accurate predictor for CAP and IPN.
Post‐lunch triglyceridaemia associates with HDLc and insulin resistance in fasting normotriglyceridaemic menopausal women
Authors: Sanz‐Paris A. , Rodriguez‐Valle A. , Navarro M. A. , Puzo‐Foncillas J. , Arbones‐Mainar J. M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesPost‐prandial hypertriglyceridaemia (P‐HTG) is associated with cardiovascular disease. This association is of paramount importance during menopause, which is also related to reduced high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDLc) and elevated triglyceride (TG) levels. We aimed to provide a self‐assesing tool to screen for P‐HTG in menopausal women who were normotriglyceridaemic at fasting and adhered to a Mediterranean‐style eating pattern.MethodsWe performed oral fat loading tests (OFLT) in combination with self‐measurements of diurnal capillary TG at fixed time‐points (DC‐TG) in 29 healthy menopausal women. TG levels >220 mg dL−1 at any given time during the OFLT served as diagnostic criteria for P‐HTG. Subsequently, DC‐TG profiles were examined to determine the best mealtime (breakfast, lunch or dinner), as well as optimal cut‐off points to classify these women as having P‐HTG according to the OFLT. Insulin resistance was defined as the upper tertile of the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance.ResultsWe found that, despite having normal fasting TG levels, P‐HTG was highly prevalent (approximately 40%). Moreover, self‐assessed 3‐h post‐lunch TG levels >165 mg dL−1 increased the odds of having hypo‐HDL cholesterolaemia by 14.1‐fold (P = 0.026) and the odds of having insulin resistance by 31.6‐fold (P = 0.007), adjusted for total fat intake in women adhering to a Mediterranean eating pattern having their highest energy intake at lunch.ConclusionsSelf‐assessed 3‐h post‐lunch TG can be used to study post‐prandial TG metabolism in Southern European menopausal women who are normotriglyceridaemic at fasting. Characterising an individual's post‐prandial response may help menopausal women to evaluate their risk of cardiovascular disease.
Pilot survey of the health of Massachusetts dentists
Authors: Nalliah Romesh P. , Budd Alan , Allareddy Veerasathpurush 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimDentistry is a career that is very rewarding because of the direct opportunity to deliver essential health services to patients in need. Dentistry is also very demanding; mentally, physically, and even emotionally. Little is known about the health of dentists and how it compares to the health of the general population. The aim of the present study was to report on the general health and health practices of dentists in Massachusetts.MethodsA medical health and health practices survey was developed from the Delaware Valley Community Health Center and customized. The surveys contained 36 questions relating to demographics, general health, and health practices.ResultsA total of 399 dentists completed the survey. Of those who responded to the survey, 78.2% were males, 32.6% were 56‐65 years of age, 23.1% were 66‐75 years of age, and 21.6% were 46‐55 years of age.ConclusionThis pilot study highlights several health issues where dentists seem to have a lower incidence than the general population: asthma, depression, diabetes, hearing loss, obesity, smoking, sleep apnea, and thyroid disease. However, there are some health issues where dentists have a higher incidence than the general population: taking at least one prescription medication, gastroesophageal reflux disease, some form of cancer, back pain, neck pain, headache, osteoarthritis, rheumatic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and alcohol abuse.
Interpreting granulite facies events through rare earth element partitioning arrays
Authors: Taylor R. J. M. , Clark C. , Harley S. L. , Kylander‐Clark A. R. C. , Hacker B. R. , Kinny P. D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe use of rare earth element (REE) partition coefficients is an increasingly common tool in metamorphic studies, linking the growth or modification of accessory mineral geochronometers to the bulk silicate mineral assemblage. The most commonly used mineral pair for the study of high‐grade metamorphic rocks is zircon and garnet. The link from U–Pb ages provided by zircon to the P–T information recorded by garnet can be interpreted in relation to experimental data. The simplistic approach of taking the average REE abundances for zircon and garnet and comparing them directly to experimentally derived partition coefficients is imperfect, in that it cannot represent the complexity of a natural rock system. This study describes a method that uses all the zircon analyses from a sample, and compares them to different garnet compositions in the same rock. Using the most important REE values, it is possible to define zircon–garnet equilibrium using an array rather than an average. The array plot describes partitioning between zircon and garnet using DYb and DYb/DGd as the defining features of the relationship. This approach provides far more sensitivity to mineral reactions and diffusional processes, enabling a more detailed interpretation of metamorphic history of the sample.
The Impact of CT Perfusion Threshold on Predicted Viable and Nonviable Tissue Volumes in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Huang Xuya , Kalladka Dheeraj , Cheripelli Bharath Kumar , Moreton Fiona Catherine , Muir Keith W. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEPerfusion imaging is used for patient selection in clinical practice and trials. Postprocessing and definitions of tissue viability are nevertheless not standardized. We compared the lesion volumes generated with two well‐recognized perfusion tissue definitions in a single‐center phase 2 thrombolysis study.METHODSWe analyzed perfusion imaging data from the Alteplase‐Tenecteplase Trial Evaluation for Stroke Thrombolysis (ATTEST) study using two popular tissue viability thresholds (ischemic core definition: (1) cerebral blood volume < 2.0 mL/100 g−1 or (2) relative cerebral blood flow < 40% that of the contralesional hemisphere and relative delay time >2 seconds; penumbra definitions: (1) mean transit time > 145% of contralesional hemisphere or (2) relative delay time < 2 seconds). We compared volumes of core and penumbra, mismatch ratio, percentage, and volume of penumbra salvaged at 24 hours.RESULTSWe included 73 (tenecteplase = 36, alteplase = 37) patients who had analyzable perfusion lesions at baseline. Significant differences were found in core volumes using the two thresholds (33 ± 37 mL vs. 26 ± 32 mL, P < .001), as was mismatch ratio (2.5 ± .9 vs. 4.2 ± 3.7, P < 0.001). The volume of penumbra salvaged at 24 hours (30 ± 19 mL vs. 35 ± 26 mL, P = .043) differed significantly, although the percentages of penumbra salvaged did not (P = .2). No difference was found between the two thrombolytic agents in the percentages of penumbra salvaged using either threshold.CONCLUSIONTwo commonly used tissue definitions generated significantly different lesion volumes and mismatch ratios. Threshold selection may have significant impact on patient selection for trials or reperfusion therapies.
Impact of viral hepatitis aetiology on survival outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma: A large multicentre cohort study
Authors: Mgaieth S. , Kemp W. , Gow P. , Fink M. , Lubel J. , Nicoll A. , Gazzola A. , Hong T. , Ryan M. , Knight V. , Dev A. T. , Sood S. , Bell S. , Paul E. , Roberts S. K. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryWhile HBV and HCV are risk factors for HCC, uncertainty exists as to whether these viral infections have prognostic significance in HCC. Thus, we compared the overall survival of patients with HBV, HCV and nonviral HCC, and evaluated whether the presence of HBV and HCV predicts patient outcomes. We conducted a multicentre study of HCC cases diagnosed at six Melbourne tertiary hospitals between Jan 2000‐Dec 2014. Patient demographics, liver disease and tumour characteristics and patient outcomes were obtained from hospital databases, computer records and the Victorian Death Registry. Survival outcomes were compared between HBV, HCV and nonviral hepatitis cases and predictors of survival determined using Cox proportional hazards regression. There were 1436 new HCC cases identified including 776 due to viral hepatitis (HBV 235, HCV 511, HBV‐HCV 30) and 660 from nonviral causes. The median survival of HBV, HCV and nonviral HCC patients was 59.1, 28.4 and 20.9 months, respectively (P<.0001). On multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for survival included HCC aetiology, gender, BCLC stage, serum AFP, total number and size of lesions, and serum creatinine and albumin. After adjusting for these and method of detection, HBV remained an independent predictor of improved overall survival when compared to both nonviral (HR 0.60%, 95% CI 0.35‐0.98; P=.03) and HCV‐related HCC (HR 0.51%, 95% CI 0.30‐0.85; P=.01). In this large multicentre study, HBV is independently associated with improved overall survival compared with HCV and nonviral‐related HCC. Further studies are needed to determine the underlying factor(s) responsible.
A numerical assessment of simple airblast models of impact airbursts
Authors: Collins Gareth S. , Lynch Elliot , McAdam Ronan , Davison Thomas M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAsteroids and comets 10–100 m in size that collide with Earth disrupt dramatically in the atmosphere with an explosive transfer of energy, caused by extreme air drag. Such airbursts produce a strong blastwave that radiates from the meteoroid's trajectory and can cause damage on the surface. An established technique for predicting airburst blastwave damage is to treat the airburst as a static source of energy and to extrapolate empirical results of nuclear explosion tests using an energy‐based scaling approach. Here we compare this approach to two more complex models using the iSALE shock physics code. We consider a moving‐source airburst model where the meteoroid's energy is partitioned as two‐thirds internal energy and one‐third kinetic energy at the burst altitude, and a model in which energy is deposited into the atmosphere along the meteoroid's trajectory based on the pancake model of meteoroid disruption. To justify use of the pancake model, we show that it provides a good fit to the inferred energy release of the 2013 Chelyabinsk fireball. Predicted overpressures from all three models are broadly consistent at radial distances from ground zero that exceed three times the burst height. At smaller radial distances, the moving‐source model predicts overpressures two times greater than the static‐source model, whereas the cylindrical line‐source model based on the pancake model predicts overpressures two times lower than the static‐source model. Given other uncertainties associated with airblast damage predictions, the static‐source approach provides an adequate approximation of the azimuthally averaged airblast for probabilistic hazard assessment.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteasomal ATPase Mpa has a β‐grasp domain that hinders docking with the proteasome core protease
Authors: Wu Yujie , Hu Kuan , Li Defeng , Bai Lin , Yang Shaoqing , Jastrab Jordan B. , Xiao Shuhao , Hu Yonglin , Zhang Susan , Darwin K. Heran , Wang Tao , Li Huilin 
Published: April 2017

SummaryMycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has a proteasome system that is essential for its ability to cause lethal infections in mice. A key component of the system is the proteasomal adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) Mpa, which captures, unfolds, and translocates protein substrates into the Mtb proteasome core particle for degradation. Here, we report the crystal structures of near full‐length hexameric Mtb Mpa in apo and ADP‐bound forms. Surprisingly, the structures revealed a ubiquitin‐like β‐grasp domain that precedes the proteasome‐activating carboxyl terminus. This domain, which was only found in bacterial proteasomal ATPases, buries the carboxyl terminus of each protomer in the central channel of the hexamer and hinders the interaction of Mpa with the proteasome core protease. Thus, our work reveals the structure of a bacterial proteasomal ATPase in the hexameric form, and the structure finally explains why Mpa is unable to stimulate robust protein degradation in vitro in the absence of other, yet‐to‐be‐identified co‐factors.
Simple risk score for prediction of haemorrhagic complications after a percutaneous renal biopsy
Authors: Mejía‐Vilet Juan M. , Márquez‐Martínez Manuel A. , Cordova‐Sanchez Bertha M. , Ibargüengoitia Mónica Chapa , Correa‐Rotter Ricardo , Morales‐Buenrostro Luis E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo derive a simple risk score to predict the individual risk of major complications for patients undergoing a percutaneous renal biopsy procedure of native kidneys.MethodsThe risk score was derived from a cohort of 1205 adult patients subjected to percutaneous renal biopsy and assigned to training and validation datasets. Factors associated with major complications were derived from univariate analysis and then modelled by stepwise multivariate logistic regression. Based on the odds ratio, independent predictors were assigned a weighted integer. The risk score is calculated from the sum of the integers.ResultsThe overall incidence of major complications was 3.2%. Independent factors associated with MC were lower pre‐biopsy haemoglobin, lower platelets, higher blood urea nitrogen, documented chronic kidney disease features in pre‐biopsy ultrasound (US) and the presence of haematoma in the post‐biopsy US. A score for pre‐biopsy evaluation included the first four predictors and stratified patients in three categories with increasing risk at higher scores (low‐risk 0.1%, moderate‐risk 3.0% and high‐risk 26.1%). The score demonstrated good discriminative power (AUC = 0.872). The addition of post‐biopsy US findings increased the discriminative power (AUC = 0.938). A higher post‐biopsy risk score was also associated with a higher incidence of MC (low‐risk 0.2%, moderate‐risk 2.7%, high‐risk 16.9%).ConclusionThe risk of major complications after a percutaneous renal biopsy can be assessed by a simple risk score calculated from readily available information.