bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabis and other drug use by tertiary students in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: O'Reilly Bridie , Jessen Janice 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCannabis has been reported to be associated with impaired educational attainment in adolescents, reduced school performance and the potential for underperformance in adults engaged in occupations requiring high-level cognitive skills. The current study examined the extent and patterns of cannabis and other drug use among 386 tertiary students in Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. The sample was mainly female (72%), half were aged under 25 years and 52% were in the first year of tertiary study. Cannabis use was prevalent among students, with 68.3% ever using it, 32.4% in the last year and 22.4% with recent use (last six months). The current pattern of cannabis use was significantly associated with age and gender. The most common reasons for using cannabis were to unwind (45.6%) or become stoned (33.7%). Close to half (52.3%) of recent users were not at all concerned about their cannabis use and 63.2% did not think they needed to reduce consumption. In the last six months, 84.5% of students had used alcohol, 12.1% amphetamine, 8.4% ecstasy, 6.8% non-medical use of benzodiazepines, 4.6% hallucinogens, 1.6% inhalants and 1.1% opiates. A quarter (23.6%) of students had used alcohol and cannabis on the same occasion. The results are discussed in relation to the utility of traditional awareness programs and the desirability of appropriate and credible intervention strategies.
A Qualitative Investigation of the Application of Behaviour Modification to Group-Quitting for Māori and Pacific Smokers
Authors: Jones Linda , Pacific Hauora , Donnelly Adrienne , Harneiss Cynthia , Warbrick Dot , Swinn Kerry , Malosi Lillian , Kapinga Ngaruna , Tonga-Tuiloma Talau 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHauora Pacific (HP), a research group for Māori and Pacific nursing students, explored the adaptation of a behaviour modification programme as a health promotion strategy and smoking cessation resource for Māori and Pacific people. Each of seven HP members, supported by a mentor from their family or church, conducted a focus group with about six participants of their own ethnicity. The focus groups met twice. Data were collected on smoking beliefs, and what might aid smoking cessation. In the second meeting, themes common to the seven focus groups from the first meetings were validated, and a draft behaviour modification workbook for “quitting in groups” was discussed and edited. The initial surprise for HP members was that their participants did not share the dominant discourse on health risks from smoking; nor did they want to be told they should quit. Participants framed smoking as a positive activity. Discussion highlighted the common belief that “quitting in groups” would not be a preferred way to stop smoking, linked to personal shame from an inability to stop smoking; and the potential for a group to be too judgmental or pressuring. Although some work on the adaptation of a behaviour modification resource for “quitting in groups” did occur, participants felt that much more Māori or Pacific input would be required to shift an essentially western approach to behaviour change, into something another culture could feel ownership of. Addiction was seen as the issue that had been least well addressed in the past, and participants believed that having more trained-and-available people would be their preferred health resource.
Conflict Resolution On Tanna, Vanuatu
Authors: Gregory Robert J. , Gregory Janet E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBoth locally and globally, human populations appear to be engaged in almost constant conflict in this new 21st century, offering ample opportunities for those who would help solve problems. In one remote part of the planet, Tanna in Vanuatu, conflict resolution is a near constant activity raised to an elegant art form. Big men and village orators deal with complex issues in a public forum frequently. Understanding the principles and the methods of resolving differences in another culture depends upon an in-depth knowledge of their historical and contextual background. In addition, observation of the spatial and temporal dimensions of actual meetings to resolve disputes provided the authors with a fascinating insight into the structure and dynamics of the inter-village systems. This paper initially examines selected aspects and themes of Tannese culture, including such concepts or bodies of knowledge as balance, reciprocity, politics, ethics, resource availability, kinship, genealogy and the practicalities of everyday living. Then, through presentation of several instances of conflict resolution, some of the non-western, alternative styles of conflict resolution noted, including for example, rapid resolution of differences, maintenance of balance and reciprocity, collective involvement, no imprisonment, and use of healing and ceremony, are discussed. These methods may have application to other cultures and peoples who are trying to resolve disputes within their own frameworks for living.
Surveying Psychologists' Public Image with Drawings of a “Typical” Psychologist
Authors: Hartwig Steve G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPsychologists have traditionally surveyed their public image using structured survey methods, such as specific questions and rating scales. In an attempt to assess Australian psychology's public image using a less conventional survey approach, a representative sample of adults were asked to draw pictures of what they considered a “typical” psychologist to look like. A basic content analysis of respondents' drawings (N = 119) suggested that psychologists were predominantly perceived as male, and middle-aged or older. Further perceptions to emerge are presented and discussed, along with both methodological and professional implications of the findings.
Needle and Syringe Programs in the Community: Responding to Multiple and Diverse Needs
Authors: Aspin Clive 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNeedle and syringe programs (NSP) are an integral component of Australia's response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic and as such, have been in place since the early days of the epidemic. Because of their early implementation, they have played a key role in helping to stem the spread of HIV among people who inject drugs. Also, they have been instrumental in ensuring that clients have had access to appropriate resources and education. However, these programs have often operated in the face of considerable resistance from a range of stakeholders and in particular, local communities. This article provides an insider's perspective on the operation of a large Sydney NSP and describes how the Program caters to the expressed needs of all members of the community, while continuing to provide an effective and responsive health service to people who inject drugs.
Male Indigenous and non-Indigenous ageing: A new millennium community development challenge
Authors: Earle Richard , Earle Leon D 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article focuses on Australian men living in the Northern Territory, both Indigenous and non-Indigenous. They are identified as the sector least able to access the indicators of successful ageing, and a sector in urgent need of community inclusive policies, programs, and social support. Four important concepts have been identified in developing this paper; namely the indicators of successful ageing, the use of the term ‘age range’ (as a means of examining needs more specifically), life cycle comparisons (between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians), and the limitations of generic Federal policies. These concepts are linked with Social Context Theory, to identify a major community development challenge.
Enterprise development: A model for Aboriginal entrepreneurs
Authors: Ivory Bill 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOpportunities exist within the current political and economic climate to build on some of the concepts of traditional Aboriginal society, and create a working environment for enterprise development. A model or models are required not just for Aboriginal people to gain support from government or wider institutions, but for governments and other institutions to work to. When referring to voluntary organisation grass roots development in Zimbabwe, Clark argued that “projects will remain irrelevant to the majority of the needy unless used as beacons to light up pathways for others – notably the state – to pursue” (1990, p. 65). Development in Aboriginal towns and communities needs to go beyond the stage of relief and welfare, to an era of sustainable development. However as Korten argued when referring to sustainable systems development and the quest for self-managing networks, changes “in specific policies and institutions” may first need to be sought “at local, national and global levels” (1990, p. 120). Changes are gradually occurring in terms of policies, however institutions active in the field need to become more positively interactive with their clients. A model of enterprise development is being moulded to involve such institutions and their resources.
Aid adverts that juxtapose rich and poor: A preliminary test of their efficacy in North Australia
Authors: Griffiths Kylie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAid commercials are increasingly advertising for the sponsorship of children in “Third World” countries through juxtaposing images of them alongside children enjoying wealthier, “First World” lifestyles. Sixty-four Bachelor of Education students from Darwin's Northern Territory University viewed images of the same child surrounded by First World, Third World, or a juxtaposed First/Third World environment; responded to an aid donation scenario; and reported their religiosity. Except for those participants who placed a higher value on religion, and compared to conventional “poor only” imagery, the juxtaposed images de-motivated viewers to help children living in Third World countries. Thus, while appealing to a minority of the donor public, juxta-positioning might be leaving the majority of potential donors untouched and unmotivated to help.
Discussion Forum: The Dawkins Reforms and Psychology
Authors: Robson Alan 
Published: August 2016

Suggestions that psychology lacks academic substance are common. Recently, in an article in the Australian newspaper, Emeritus Professor John Sutcliffe described it as a “dicky-shirt” discipline -- all form and no substance (Sutcliffe, 1994). He wrapped his observation into a general attack on the Dawkins education reforms which he correctly blames for eroding the intellectual core of Australian academic life. Many academics share Sutcliffe's concerns.The Dawkins reforms are an uneasy blend of populism and commercialism aimed at achieving the Labour government's economic goal of a “clever country”. Most conspicuously, they have involved the incorporation of former technical institutes into large multi-campus universities. The result has been the physical extension of a university presence across the country into some improbable rural backwaters. Inevitably these dramatic changes in the size and spread of universities have been accompanied by a change in the definition of the role of universities. Topics of study which were once the domain of lower tier tertiary institutions now find a place in the core academic centres. The result has been a shift in the balance of academic interest from abstract to applied research and teaching.Feeding into these changes has been what Sutcliffe describes as a “money-driven” ethos. After decades of intervention to redress inequalities and irrationalities stemming from the operation of free markets, Labour governments in various parts of the West have capitulated to historical forces and pre-emptively embraced the free enterprise policies of the traditional right.
The Good, the Bad or the Ugly: Considerations on Fieldwork and Bronislaw Malinowski
Authors: Pataki-Schweizer K. J. 
Published: August 2016

The activity of fieldwork, that is research conducted with individuals and groups in a real-life and by implication, real-time setting or living environment rather than research under controlled conditions and specific time-frames, continues to draw strong attention and criticisms. Given the plethora of these schools of thought and their critiques over the past decades including relativism in its intense expressions, emphases on quantification as a sine-qua-non, hermeneutics, praxis, semiotics, deconstructionism and essentially “post-modernist” approaches to enduring questions of objectivity, recording behaviour, methodological rigor, meaning and their epistemological references, it is significant that (1) fieldwork still continues and does so in a variety of disciplines, and (2) most criticisms have been directed essentially at issues of validity, viability and reliability in relation to “data”, rather than some grand meta-disciplinary demise.There are those who would dearly like to throw baby, bathwater and the entire endeavour out, and such critiques are important: in their confabulations, they evoke enduring and profound issues with trenchancy. Nor have political assaults been slow to enter the battle: fieldwork, especially as perceived via an increasingly hapless anthropology, is seen as an enduring colonial tool, an exploiter of the ethnic domain, a servant of capitalism and product of the western will to power.
Particulars of His Life: An Obituary for B. F. Skinner
Authors: Marai Leo 
Published: August 2016

Burrhus Frederic Skinner was born on the 20th March 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania; he died on the 18th August 1990 at Auburn Hospital, Cambridge Massachussetts.The man whose name is synonymous with behaviourism became interested in the subject through the works of the American behavioural psychologist John B. Watson and the Russian physiologist Ivan P. Pavlov. But after graduating from Hamilton College in 1926, his first interest was not psychology. He first tried his hand at fiction and poetry before eventually concluding that his talents lay elsewhere.Skinner earned his doctorate from Harvard University in 1931 and remained at that university as a researcher until 1936, investigating the adaptive behaviour of organisms to environmental stimuli. In 1937 he joined the University of Minnesota as an Assistant Professor; it was in Minnesota that he wrote his first major work, The Behavior of Organisms (1938), in which he presented the principles of operant conditioning. In 1945 he was appointed Professor at Indiana University; there he wrote Walden Two (1948), a utopian treatment of how society might be based on learning principles--simultaneously fulfilling his earlier ambitions in the field of literature. In 1948 Skinner returned to Harvard, where he remained until his death--some 16 years past his “retirement” in 1974.
HuroCup: competition for multi-event humanoid robot
athletes
Authors: Baltes Jacky , Tu Kuo-Yang , Sadeghnejad Soroush , Anderson John 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper describes the motivation for the development of the HuroCup
competition and follows the rule development from its inaugural competition from
2002 to 2015. The history of HuroCup is broken down into its growing phase
(2002–2006), a time of explosive growth (2007–2011), and current
times. This paper describes the main research focus of HuroCup, the multi-event
humanoid robot competition: (a) active balancing, (b) complex motion planning,
and (c) human–robot interaction and shows how the various HuroCup events
relate to those research topics. This paper concludes with some medium- and
long-term goals of the rule development for HuroCup.
Cultural Revolution as Method
Authors: Dutton Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper treats the Chinese Cultural Revolution as a means by which to open on to a more affective approach to the question of the political. It examines one piece of art-technology of that period and shows the way it intuitively worked within the fluidity of power to produce political intensity. This one technology is a microcosm of the Cultural Revolution notion of the political that was built around an attempt to channel and harness affective power towards revolutionary ends. Both because it attempts to direct the political through the affective dimension and because its methods of doing so resembled contemporary art practices, this paper opens on to the possibilities of a method based on an art rather than a science of the political.
Listening to What People Have to Say About Mathematics: Primary Mathematics and the Thoughts of One Murri Student
Authors: Howard Peter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to report on the progress of a study undertaken in North West New South Wales which investigated the views held by parents, students and teachers towards the learning of mathematics in Years 5 and 6. The study involved Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people being interviewed within their community. This paper presents a background to the study, some comment on how the study was implemented and an initial analysis of the views held by one Murri student.
The Development of Aboriginal Education
Authors: Hansen C.K. 
Published: August 2016

Over the past 15 years the voice of protest in Australia has come to be linked synonymously with the black Australian. The nation’s indigenous people have progressively united and, in the strength of unity and growth of support for their claims, have met increasingly resistant Federal and State governments. Unfortunately, the “land rights” issue has dominated the public Aboriginal doctrine, preventing white Australians from being exposed to and appreciating the other important needs and opinions Aboriginal people have.One of these needs is an education system sympathetic to: past, failed attempts at educating indigenous people; the importance of Aboriginal culture as a socio-cultural identifier and educational issue; and the needs Aboriginal children have in terms of curriculum and pedagogy. These fundamental elements are the counterpoints from which any study of the development of Aboriginal education, within Australia, must proceed.
Aboriginalisation Implies Empowerment and Disempowerment
Authors: McTaggart Robin 
Published: August 2016

In some people’s minds, the Aboriginalisation of education means placing Aboriginal teachers in community schools and training these Aboriginal teachers to teach and to conduct the school in the ways Westeners once did. That objective is as wrong-headed as it is racist.The Aboriginalisation of education in each community can only mean the development of an Aboriginal pedagogy if it is to address the perennially documented failings (for example, McConnochie and Harker, 1985; Folds, 1987; Lanhupuy, 1987) of Western schools in the education of Aboriginal people. In this view, Aboriginal people will determine appropriate subject matters for curriculum, ways of teaching, ways of organising the social context of learning, and ways of structuring the relationship between school, community, and the State. That is, the institutionalisation of education will be contested primarily among Aboriginal views of the ways in which education can be coopted for Aboriginal purposes. Anything short of Aboriginalisation of pedagogy in this manifold sense runs the risk of enshrining forever the roles Western education has consistently and persistently used for the practices of cultural imperialism, political domination, and territorial colonisation.
Structures of Discourse : Some implications for teachers of Aboriginal children
Authors: Gledhill Ruth 
Published: August 2016

The English language differs from others both in the patterns and the sociolinguistic conventions of its discourse. This paper uses forms of greeting as a specific reference as to how crosscultural communication can break down when Aboriginal people and
English speakers interact.Since children often rely on the spoken word as a basis for writing, and Aboriginal children rarely learn to write successfully in English, referring to the structure of Aboriginal languages offers a possible explanation of one contributive factor to this
inability.
“Woolah” Overseas
Authors: Haydock A. , Miller K. 
Published: August 2016

“Woolah” means “Hurray – Well done” in the language of the Aboriginal people of the south-west of Western Australia and is the title of the magazine published by the Aboriginal students at the Kewdale Senior High School and of the program that focuses on the magazine’s production.The aptness of this title has been demonstrated by the students in their latest endeavour, a study tour to Bali, planned and financed by the group. It all started this way :-In third term 1980, at the conclusion of their Social Studies program and study of various cultures around the world, student discussion centred on how much they would like to travel and see the world for themselves. Their thinking was wishful, centring on the fact that such trips were far out of their reach, in fact impossible to attain.These were “fightin’ words” to the teachers and after much discussion we all made a commitment to travel to South-East Asia in 1981. This commitment had three thrusts –
I Made It – How I Got Through College
Authors: Paron D. 
Published: August 2016

Well, to begin with, I wasn’t accepted into teacher’s college because of the grades I scored in the Higher School Certificate. In point of fact, I failed this examination miserably. I’ve always had a great fear of examinations and as a result of this I’d usually do poorly.Before I was accepted into teacher’s college, I had to write an essay on a topic of my choice. This in turn was followed by an interview at the college. I would not have graduated from college this year if I had not been supported by the Aboriginal Study Grant, because my family just couldn’t give me this financial support over the three years.I’ve always had the ‘dream’ of becoming a school teacher. I come from a large family and have had children around me constantly. I love spending time with children because they’re so innocent. I enjoy watching them as they gradually take one step at a time and come to learn about life and what it’s all about.When I was a child I would play ‘schools’. You couldn’t have guessed but I was always the school teacher and my sister and cousins would be the children in my class. I’d never really thought of pursuing any other career but a teacher’s.I worked through my college years because I had no choice! I came to realise that if I was to succeed, I had to put a great deal of effort into these three years and it didn’t take me very long to reach this conclusion.