bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into DDT Resistance from the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference Panel
Authors: Schmidt Joshua M , Battlay Paul , Gledhill-Smith Rebecca S , Good Robert T , Lumb Chris , Fournier-Level Alexandre , Robin Charles 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Insecticide resistance is considered a classic model of microevolution, where a strong selective agent is applied to a large natural population, resulting in a change in frequency of alleles that confer resistance. While many insecticide resistance variants have been characterized at the gene level, they are typically single genes of large effect identified in highly resistant pest species. In contrast, multiple variants have been implicated in DDT resistance in Drosophila melanogaster; however, only the Cyp6g1 locus has previously been shown to be relevant to field populations. Here we use genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify DDT-associated polygenes and use selective sweep analyses to assess their adaptive significance. We identify and verify two candidate DDT resistance loci. A largely uncharacterized gene, CG10737, has a function in muscles that ameliorates the effects of DDT, while a putative detoxifying P450, Cyp6w1, shows compelling evidence of positive selection.
Microencapsulación de aceite de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) mediante secado por aspersión
Authors: Pastuña-Pullutasig Alex , López-Hernández Orestes , Debut Alexis , Vaca Andrea , Rodríguez-Leyes Eduardo , Vicente Roxana , Gonzalez Víctor , González-Sanabia María , Tapia-Hernández Fausto 
Published: September 2017

El objetivo de esta investigación fue microencapsular aceite de sacha inchi mediantesecado por aspersión, con el fin de evitar las reacciones oxidativas de degradación,dado su alto contenido de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados y poliinsaturados, loscuales presentan grandes beneficios para la salud. Empleando maltodextrina y gomaarábiga en una proporción ( 1:1 ), se evaluó la temperatura de entrada y la carga deaceite, siendo 150 °C y 33% las mejores condiciones de trabajo durante el procesode secado. Se obtuvo un rendimiento y eficiencia de microencapsulación de 82,10 ±0,99% y 93,90 ± 0,56%, respectivamente. Cabe mencionar que esta investigación esla primera en emplear la técnica de secado por aspersión, y como agentes formadoresde la pared polimérica la mezcla de maltodextrina y goma arábiga en la microencapsulaciónde aceite de sacha inchi. Mediante análisis fisicoquímico, se evaluó lahumedad del aceite de sacha inchi microencapsulado, manteniendo un contenidode humedad a las 26 semanas de 4,60 ± 0,02%. Al utilizar cromatografía de gases seencontró que no existe variación en cuanto al perfil de ácidos grasos antes y despuésde la microencapsulación, y mediante espectroscopía infrarroja se demostró que el aceite de sacha inchi se encuentra en el interior de las microcápsulas. La microscopíaelectrónica de barrido permitió observar que las microcápsulas presentan forma esféricacon una superficie lisa y libre de poros, lo que evita la exposición directa delaceite a las diferentes condiciones ambientales.
Síntesis multicomponente y caracterización de derivados pirimido [4,5-b] quinolínicos con evaluación de la actividad antileishmania
Authors: Trilleras Jorge , Feria Karen , Alcazar Daniel , Quiroga Jairo , Nogueras Manuel , Cobo Justo 
Published: September 2017

A partir de 6-amino-3-metil-2-(metiltio)pirimidin-4(3H)-ona, aldehídos aromáticos y benzoquinona, por medio de una reacción de ciclodeshidratación de Michael asistida por radiación de microondas, se realizó la síntesis y caracterización de la serie de derivados tricomponentes pirimido[4,5-b]quinolínicos, y se evaluó la posible actividad antileishmania. Los nuevos compuestos se caracterizaron por análisis espectroscópico de IR, RMN 1H, RMN 13C y MS.
Evaluación de la prescripción profiláctica de omeprazol y ranitidina mediante la identificación de factores de riesgo de sangrado gastrointestinal
Authors: Valle Betsy , Díaz Jorge A , López José J. , Calderón Carlos M. 
Published: September 2017

La información actual sobre el uso de inhibidores de la producción de ácido clorhídrico (inhibidores de bomba de protones y antagonistas de los receptores de histamina H2), en pacientes no críticos hospitalizados para la profilaxis de úlceras por estrés escontroversial. Con el fin de evaluar la pertinencia de este grupo de medicamentos en conformidad con el riesgo de sangrado gastrointestinal medido por la escala de Herzig et al. {Risk factors for nosocomial gastrointestinal bleeding and use of acid-suppressivemedication in non-critically ill patients, J. Gen. Intern. Med., 28(5), 683-690 (2013)}, se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo longitudinal con recolección retrospectiva de la información, el cual incluyó todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años sin sangrado gastrointestinal y con más de tres días de hospitalización, en el servicio de medicina interna de un hospital de tercer nivel de Bogotá. Según esta escala, el 64% de los pacientes se clasificó en bajo riesgo, el 22,3% en medio-bajo, el 6,7% en medioalto,y el 6,7% en alto. La prescripción profiláctica de inhibidores de la secreción ácidase realizó en el 67% de los pacientes de bajo riesgo, en el 57% de los de medio-bajo y en el 100% de los pacientes de riesgo medio-alto y alto. Cerca de la mitad (55,35%) de los pacientes recibieron un antiulceroso sin requerirlo; por lo tanto, se recomiendarealizar actividades educativas dirigidas al personal prescriptor, con el fin de hacer un uso adecuado de este grupo de medicamentos.
EVALUACIÓN DE INVERSIONES A LARGO PLAZO EN EL SECTOR FARMACÉUTICO
Authors: Martínez Garcés Josnel 
Published: September 2017

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los métodos de evaluación de las inversiones a largo plazo en activos fijos, tecnología y capacitación del recurso humano, utilizados por el sector farmacéutico del estado de Zulia (Venezuela). Metodológicamente, es de tipología descriptiva, con un diseño no experimental de campo y transversal. La población fue constituida por las siete (7) farmacias inscritas y activas en el Registro Municipal de la Alcaldía Bolivariana del municipio Jesús Enrique Lossada del Estado de Zulia al mes de mayo de 2015. Se utilizó el cuestionario estructurado como instrumento de recolección de datos aplicado a los gerentes y/o administradores, quienes fueron las unidades informantes; el mismo fue validado por cinco (5) expertos y mediante el nivel de confiabilidad, siendo el Alpha-Cronbach de 0,89. Los resultados demuestran que si bien pocas empresas acuden a los métodos tradicionales para evaluar las inversiones en propiedades, planta, equipos y tecnología, la mayoría aplica los destinados a evaluar inversiones en capacitación del talento humano. En conclusión, los métodos menos usados son aquellos que requieren la aplicación de fórmulas aritméticas (VPN, TIR, IR), evidenciando así que estas empresas carecen de personal calificado para usar e interpretar estos últimos. Se recomienda maximizar su uso para garantizar la salud financiera de estas organizaciones, así como aplicar los correctivos cuando la capacitación brindada al trabajador no produzca el efecto esperado. ABSTRACTThis article aims to analyze the methods of assessing long-term investments in fixed assets, technology and training of human resources used by the pharmaceutical sector of Zulia (Venezuela). Methodologically, the typology is descriptive, with a non-experimental field not a cross design. The chosen sample consisted of seven (7) registered and duly active pharmacies in the Municipal Register of the Bolivarian Mayor City of Losada - State of Zulia in May 2015. A well structured questionnaire was used as an instrument for data collection applied to managers and / or administrators who were reporting units. It was validated by five (5) experts and the level of reliability using the Cronbach Alpha was 0.89. Results show that while only a few companies flock to traditional methods to evaluate investments in property, plant, equipment and technology, the majority applies them to assess the investment used for the training of human talent. In conclusion, the least used methods are those that require the application of arithmetic formulas (NPV, IRR, IR) thus showing that these companies lack qualified personnel for the use and interpretation of these methods. It is strongly recommended, in order to maximize its use, to ensure that these organizations are financially healthy, and at the same time proceed to apply the necessary correctives when the training provided to the worker does not produce the desired effect.
Conceptual study of pathophysiology and pharmacological effect of Saptamrit Louha in approach to Soola
Authors: Ekka Deepak , Dubey Swati , Khichariya S. D. , Dhruw D. S. 
Published: September 2017

Anndrvashoola and Parinamshoola briefly described by aacharya Vijayrakshitand Kanthdatta on Madhukosh in shoola Nidanam 26th chapter, mainly vata dosha is responsible for that disease. In Anndrvashoola continuous pain in abdomen, pain present before meal and relif in pain after vomiting in Parinamshoola, aadhman, aatop, arti, kamp and pain relief by consuming greaspy and worm food. In modern science, according to sign symptoms we correlated with peptic ulcer. Main cause is H. Pylori, NSAID, stress, smoking, steroid either duodenum or stomach ulcer in ratio of 4:1. The peak incidence of duodenal ulcer is 5th decade while for Gastric ulcer is 6th decade and “O” blood group persons are more prone to develop duodenal ulcer. To treat this disease Vranropan and Shothhara chikitsa is very important for that this drug should have properties like Dahaprashmana, Amashayakshata sandhan, Pittashamak, Amlatanashak, shothhara due to those action Saptamrit Louha play effective role in Shoola. Considering above factor SAPTAMRIT LOUHA is chosen in management of shoola. Later on, I will have explained how Sapamrit louha works on Anndrvashoola and Parinamshoola at the time of presentation.
Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in children 2-16 years with chronic Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura referred to hematology clinic of Ardabil during 2013-2015
Authors: Vafaie Majid , Fathi Afshin , Modarres Ania 
Published: September 2017

Background: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is the most common autoimmune blood disorder which leads to premature destruction of platelets by producing antibodies using phagocytic cells against antigens of platelets surface especially in the spleen. Recently, several studies have reported the high prevalence of H. pylori infection in adult patients with chronic ITP, but the studies performed in this area have been very limited in children. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in children with chronic ITP.Methods: In this case- control study, the case sample includes 30 children in the age range of 2-16 years with chronic ITP and control samples includes 90 children in the age range of 2-16 years who are healthy in terms of ITP disease. A questionnaire and a stool sample is prepared for each sample. These samples are examined by the method of ELIZA kit for the presence or absence of antigen H. Pylori. Data analyzed by statistical methods in SPSS.19.Results: Of the total 30 children with chronic ITP who has referred to the haematology ward of the hospital, H.pylori + 16.7%, we had H.pylori + 20% from a total of 90 controls (P=0.68). The average age of the case and control groups were 6.9±2.8 and 6.9±3 years, respectively; there is no a direct relationship between helicobacter pylori infection and sex, drinking water, but there is a statistically significant difference between platelet levels and the prevalence of H Pylori in the case group (p<0.05); however, this difference is not significant in the control group.Conclusions According to a conducted study, Helicobacter pylori infection is not considered as a factor risk in the development of chronic thrombocytopenic purpura in children. So, it is recommended that further studies to be done in different ethnic groups in the world with more samples, especially in the age range of children, so that the role of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura can be determined accurately.
A study of pattern, risk factors, types, complications and outcome of stroke in geriatric age group
Authors: More Prashant Pramod , Samel Samveda Shirish , Patil Dilip Ratan 
Published: September 2017

Background: Stroke is the number one cause of disability and third leading cause of death in the world after heart diseases and cancer with an incidence approximately 150 to 200 in 100,000. The objective of this study was to study how the pattern of stroke in elderly differs from that of younger population.Methods: This is a prospective observational comparative study of stroke patients done over a period of one year at ACPM Medical College, Dhule. We studied 100 consecutive patients of stroke admitted in neuro-medicine department of this hospital. We have studied the risk factors, incidence, pattern, severity, complication and outcome of stroke in Geriatric age group compared to stroke in younger age group. The individuals who were 60 and above (≥60) are included in the ‘geriatric group’ and those below 60 were considered as ‘younger patients’. Those more than 85 years were classified as ‘very elderly’.Results: There is an increased incidence of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in geriatric population compared to younger people. Statistically there is increased incidence of ischemic stroke compared to hemorrhagic stroke in geriatric age group. PAC subtype of stroke has highest predilection to develop in both age groups and also PAC is the most common subtype of stroke leading to stroke related complications in geriatric population. There is no statistically increase incidence of severe stroke seen in elder age as compared to the younger people.Conclusions: The geriatric population does not have a poorer stroke outcome as compared to younger people. There is also no statistically significant difference in mortality rate in stroke patients between geriatric vs. younger age group.
A study of the risk factors of various arrhythmias in patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Patil Puneet , Sait Aamera , Patil Dilip Ratan 
Published: September 2017

Background: Complications like arrhythmias, cardiac failure, cerebrovascular and mechanical complications. Among these complications, arrhythmias are the most common complication of acute myocardial infarction. The objective of this study was to study the risk factors of various arrhythmias in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods: Present study was a hospital based cross sectional study conducted at department of General Medicine of a tertiary care hospital for a period of two years among 102 patients. Detailed history, clinical examination, investigation was done. All patients were followed for one year to assess the outcome among them. All data was entered in the Microsoft Excel worksheet and analyzed using proportions.Results: Arrhythmias were more common with low ejection fraction (72.73%). The overall mortality was 7.84%. Ventricular fibrillation was seen in 50% of the patients who did not receive thrombolytic therapy. First-degree AV block and second-degree AV block were present in 6.25% and 7.50% respectively and did not affect the mortality while complete heart block was present in 8.75% and mortality rate of 28.57% with right ventricular involvement. Risk factors like smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity had higher incidence of arrhythmias but was not found to have any statistical significance (p >0.05). However, patients having multiple risk factors strongly associated with the high mortality in statistically significant manner (p value 0.0006).Conclusions: Patients with risk factors like smoking, alcohol, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity had higher incidence of arrhythmias. Multiple risk factors increase the incidence of both arrhythmias and mortality (67% mortality with 4 risk factors and 75% mortality with 5 risk factors).
A study on urinary tract infection in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Rajendran V. , Nepoleon R. , Solanke Prashant V. , Zailu M. Shahbaz , Valli P. 
Published: September 2017

Background: Urinary tract infection is defined as bacteriuria along with urinary symptoms. It is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans and a major cause of morbidity. UTI has become difficult to treat because of appearance of pathogens with increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study was to determine the bacteriological profile of pathogens responsible for urinary tract infection and to assess the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the causative uropathogens.Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at the hospital of Sree Mookambika Institute of Medical Sciences, Kulasekharam during January 1, 2016 to December 12, 2016. Institutional ethical committee clearance was obtained. We surveyed 628 patients, who had clinical manifestations of UTI. Urine specimens were cultured for isolation of the microbial agents of UTI. The isolated bacteria were identified using biochemical tests. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel Version 2016.Statistical analysis was done using SPSS TRIAL VERSION 21C.Results: The commonest organism isolated overall was extended spectrum beta lactamase positive E. coli (35.5%) followed by extended spectrum beta lactamase negative E. coli and Enterococcus. Females (68.63%) were mostly affected than males in our study. The people in the age group of 41-60 years are found to be more (48.46%) affected than the people of other age groups. The most sensitive oral antibiotic to almost all organisms in our study is Nitrofurantoin followed by Cotrimoxazole and Norfloxacin and among parenteral antibiotics, Amikacin stands first followed by Piperacillin-Tazobactam and Gentamicin. Apart from the above antibiotics, Klebsiellapnemoniae also shows good response to Cefotaxime (96.15%) and Cefipime (96.15%) and Aztreonam (92.3%).Conclusions: From our study, it is observed that the most common causative organism for Urinary tract infection is found to be extended spectrum beta lactamase positive E. coli followed by Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase negative E. coli and Enterococcus. The current status of sensitivity of common organism rests mainly on Nitrofurantoin (oral) and Amikacin, Piperacillin-Tazobactam (parenteral).
Evaluation of iron status in patients with end stage renal disease
Authors: Mambatta Anith Kumar , Alagesan Murali , Meeran Mohammed , Rein Joshua L. , Ganesan Sivaramakrishnan , Mathew Anil C. , Gurusamy Venu , Kuppusamy Jayachandran , Menon Madhav C. 
Published: September 2017

Background: Anaemia is almost universal in haemodialysis patients. Here, we evaluated the utility and clinical implications of the commonly employed tests in assessing iron status in haemodialysis patients.Methods: In this prospective observational study, we enrolled 100 prevalent haemodialysis patients, and measured transferrin saturation (TSAT) and serum ferritin at enrolment. Patients were categorized to have normal, deficient, overload, or indeterminate status of iron based on KDOQI guidelines. To study anaemia trend, haemoglobin (Hb) level at time of enrolment, as well as levels 3-months before and 3-months after enrolment, were collected. Patient survival outcomes were also obtained till October 2016.Results: Using serum ferritin and TSAT, iron status was determinable in 48% of the patients ie 20%-normal iron status, 25% - iron deficiency, 3% - iron overload. Fifty-two percent of the patients’ iron status was indeterminate by current parameters. In spite of being on standard-of-care treatment in our centre, we observed that mean-Hb level of patients in the indeterminate group showed insignificant increases compared to normal- and deficient-groups. Mean delta-Hb levels over 6-months were 0.80±1.54 g/dl in the indeterminate group, compared to 1.87±1.95 g/dl in the deficient group (P=0.03). In our cohort, 57% had died and 5 lost follow-ups during the study (P=0.30 between groups).Conclusions: Serum ferritin and TSAT accurately categorized the iron status of 48% haemodialysis patients in our study. Divergent serum ferritin and TSAT values, or an iron indeterminate state was prevalent in 52% of our urban dialysis cohort. The indeterminate group had inferior increases in Hb over time with current treatment, showing clinical relevance of this finding. Our data suggests the need for more sensitive indices to accurately assess iron status, and improve anaemia management.
Etiological profile of patients presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleeding at tertiary care hospital at Belagavi: a cross sectional study
Authors: Badiger Raju H. , Hajare Santosh , Kantamaneni Ravindra , Kole Ashray , Deebanshu . 
Published: September 2017

Background: Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is bleeding arising below the ligament of Treitz. Hemorrhage from the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract accounts for about 20% of all cases of acute GI bleeding. Lower GI bleeding is that which occurs from the colon, rectum, or anus, and presenting as either hematochezia (bright red blood or red wine color stools) or malena, blood streaking of the stool. The objective of this study was to evaluate the etiological profile of patients presenting with lower gastrointestinal bleeding.Methods: This one-year cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi from January 2015 to December 2015. The study design was a cross-sectional study. This study was carried out from January 2015 to December 2015. Patients with lower gastro-intestinal bleeding presenting at Department of Medicine and Department of Gastro-enterology, KLES Dr. Prabhakar Kore Hospital and Medical Research Centre, Belagavi were studied.Results: In the present study majority of the patients were males with the mean age was 43.82±17.96 years and majority of the patients were married with moderate built and nourishment. As per the occupation majority were housewives followed by students. In the present study diabetes mellitus was the most common medical history reported. Internal haemorrhoids was significantly associated with male sex, student’s profession followed by housewife with mixed diet consumption, the clinical presentations significantly associated with internal haemorrhoids were haematochezia, loss of appetite, tenesmus, passage of mucus in stools, constipation, abdominal pain and vomiting.Conclusions: Internal hemorrhoids is the most common cause followed by ulcerative colitis. Though not common, carcinoma colon, solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, polyp, colonic diverticulosis, ischaemic colitis, non-specific proctitis, and radiation proctitis are the other causes of LGIB.