bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glucocorticoid and glycemic responses to immune challenge in a viviparous snake afflicted with an emerging mycosis
Authors: Lind Craig M. , Agugliaro Joseph , Ortega Jason , Palmisano Jenna N. , Lorch Jeffrey M. , Truong Tran B. , Farrell Terence M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Disease may be both a cause and a consequence of stress, and physiological responses to infectious disease may involve stress coping mechanisms that have important fitness consequences. For example, glucocorticoid and glycemic responses may affect host fitness by altering resource allocation and use in hosts, and these responses may be affected by competing stressors. To better understand the factors that affect host responses to infection, we challenged the immune system of field-acclimatized pygmy rattlesnakes, Sistrurus miliarius, with a sterile antigen, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and measured the glucocorticoid and glycemic response in healthy non-reproductive snakes, snakes afflicted with an emerging mycosis (ophidiomycosis) and pregnant snakes. We hypothesized that LPS challenge would result in a glucocorticoid and glycemic response typical of the vertebrate acute phase response (APR), and therefore predicted that LPS challenge would result in an acute increase in plasma corticosterone (CORT) and a decline in plasma glucose in all individuals. Additionally, we hypothesized that the APR would be attenuated in individuals simultaneously coping with additional challenges to homeostasis (i.e. disease or reproduction). As predicted, the immune challenge elicited an acute increase in plasma CORT and a decrease in plasma glucose. Snakes coping with ophidiomycosis and pregnant snakes were able to mount a robust glucocorticoid and hypoglycemic response to LPS challenge, which was contrary to our hypothesis. Our findings clarify directions of causality linking infection, glucocorticoids and glucose, and emphasize the importance of future research examining the fitness consequences of interactions between stress and disease in wildlife threatened by emerging pathogens.
More to Lose: The Adverse Effect of High Performance Ranking on Employees’ Preimplementation Attitudes Toward the Integration of Powerful AI Aids
Authors: SimanTov-Nachlieli Ilanit 
Published: October 2024

Despite the growing availability of algorithm-augmented work, algorithm aversion is prevalent among employees, hindering successful implementations of powerful artificial intelligence (AI) aids. Applying a social comparison perspective, this article examines the adverse effect of employees’ high performance ranking on their preimplementation attitudes toward the integration of powerful AI aids within their area of advantage. Five studies, using a weight estimation simulation (Studies 1–3), recall of actual job tasks (Study 4), and a workplace scenario (Study 5), provided consistent causal evidence for this effect by manipulating performance ranking (performance advantage compared with peers versus no advantage). Studies 3–4 revealed that this effect was driven in part by employees’ perceived potential loss of standing compared with peers, a novel social-based mechanism complementing the extant explanation operating via one’s confidence in own (versus AI) ability. Stronger causal evidence for this mechanism was provided in Study 5 using a “moderation-of-process” design. It showed that the adverse effect of high performance ranking on preimplementation AI attitudes was reversed when bolstering the stability of future performance rankings (presumably counteracting one’s concern with potential loss of standing). Finally, pointing to the power of symbolic threats, this adverse effect was evident both in the absence of financial incentives for high performance (Study 1) and in various incentive-based settings (Studies 2–3). Implications for understanding and managing high performers’ aversion toward the integration of powerful algorithmic aids are discussed. Funding: This work was supported by the Coller Foundation. Supplemental Material: The supplemental material is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.17515 .
Effect of Sarcobesity Index and Body Adipose Tissue Variables on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Performance in Colorectal Surgery Setting: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Kirby Emma , Tam Winnie , Gilham Iain , Babs-Osibodu Adetona Obaloluwa , Jones William , Hajibandeh Shahin , Hajibandeh Shahab , Rose George A , Bailey Damian M , Morris Christopher , Hargest Rachel , Clayton Amy , Davies Richard G 
Published: October 2024

Aims/Background The prognostic significance of body composition variables has become a popular area of research over the recent years. This study aimed to determine whether adipose tissue variables and sarcobesity index measured by computed tomography (CT) could predict cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) performance and long-term mortality in patients undergoing major colorectal surgery. Methods The Strengthening the Reporting of Cohort Studies in Surgery (STROCSS) statement standards were followed to conduct a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who had CPET prior to major colorectal surgery between January 2011 and January 2017. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis was conducted to assess the discriminative performances of adipose tissue variables. The association between CT-derived adipose tissue variables (sarcobesity index, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and total adipose tissue) and CPET performance and mortality were assessed using regression analyses. Results 457 patients were included. Total adipose tissue evaluated via 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) approaches predicted oxygen uptake (V̇O2) Rest, V̇O2 anaerobic threshold (AT), ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide (V̇E/V̇CO2) AT, ventilatory equivalents for oxygen (V̇E/V̇O2) AT, V̇O2 peak, exercise time, maximum work, peak metabolic equivalents (METS), peak respiratory rate (RER), and peak oxygen pulse. Sarcobesity index (2D and 3D) predicted V̇O2 Rest, V̇O2 AT, V̇E/V̇CO2 AT, V̇O2 peak, maximum work, peak METS, maximum heart rate, and peak RER. Neither total adipose tissue nor sarcobesity index (2D and 3D) predicted 1-year, 3-year, or 5-year mortality. There was no difference in the discriminative performance of adipose tissue variables in predicting mortality. Conclusion The CPET performance may be predicted by radiologically measured adipose tissue variables and sarcobesity index. However, the prognostic value of the variables may not be significant in this setting.
Concurrent validity of the Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation and hip-specific patient-reported outcome measures
Authors: Bergman Elizabeth M. , Mulligan Edward P. , Patel Rupal M. , Wells Joel 
Published: October 2024

AimsThe Single Assessment Numerical Evalution (SANE) score is a pragmatic alternative to longer patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). The purpose of this study was to investigate the concurrent validity of the SANE and hip-specific PROMs in a generalized population of patients with hip pain at a single timepoint upon initial visit with an orthopaedic surgeon who is a hip preservation specialist. We hypothesized that SANE would have a strong correlation with the 12-question International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT)-12, the Hip Outcome Score (HOS), and the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS), providing evidence for concurrent validity of the SANE and hip-specific outcome measures in patients with hip pain.MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional retrospective database analysis at a single timepoint. Data were collected from 2,782 patients at initial evaluation with a hip preservation specialist using the iHOT-12, HOS, HOOS, and SANE. Outcome scores were retrospectively analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients.ResultsMean raw scores were iHOT-12 67.01 (SD 29.52), HOS 58.42 (SD 26.26), HOOS 86.85 (SD 32.94), and SANE 49.60 (SD 27.92). SANE was moderately correlated with the iHOT-12 (r = -0.4; 95% CI -0.35 to -0.44; p < 0.001), HOS (r = 0.57; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.60; p < 0.001), and HOOS (r = -0.55; 95% CI -0.51 to -0.58; p < 0.001). The iHOT-12 and HOOS were recorded as a lower score, indicating better function, which accounts for the negative r values.ConclusionThis study was the first to investigate the relationship between the SANE and the iHOT-12, HOS, and HOOS in a population of patients with hip pain at the initial evaluation with an orthopaedic surgeon, and found moderate correlation between SANE and the iHOT-12, HOS, and HOOS. The SANE may be a pragmatic alternative for clinical benchmarking in a general population of patients with hip pain. The construct validity of the SANE should be questioned compared to legacy measures whose content validity has been more rigorously investigated.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(10):904–910.
Intraspecific venom variation in the medically important puff adder (Bitis arietans): Comparative venom gland transcriptomics, in vitro venom activity and immunological recognition by antivenom
Authors: Dawson Charlotte A. , Bartlett Keirah E. , Wilkinson Mark C. , Ainsworth Stuart , Albulescu Laura-Oana , Kazandijan Taline , Hall Steven R. , Westhorpe Adam , Clare Rachel , Wagstaff Simon , Modahl Cassandra M. , Harrison Robert A. , Casewell Nicholas R. 
Published: October 2024

Background
Variation in snake venoms is well documented, both between and within species, with intraspecific venom variation often correlated with geographically distinct populations. The puff adder, Bitis arietans, is widely distributed across sub-Saharan Africa and into the Arabian Peninsula where it is considered a leading cause of the ~310,000 annual snakebites across the region, with its venom capable of causing substantial morbidity and mortality. Despite its medical importance and wide geographic distribution, there is little known about venom variation between different B. arietans populations and the potential implications of this variation on antivenom efficacy.

Methodology
We applied a range of analyses, including venom gland transcriptomics, in vitro enzymatic assays and reverse phase chromatography to comparatively analyse B. arietans venoms originating from Nigeria, Tanzania, and South Africa. Immunological assays and in vitro enzymatic neutralisation assays were then applied to investigate the impact of venom variation on the potential efficacy of three antivenom products; SAIMR Polyvalent, EchiTAb-Plus and Fav-Afrique.

Findings
Through the first comparison of venom gland transcriptomes of B. arietans from three geographically distinct regions (Nigeria, Tanzania, and South Africa), we identified substantial variation in toxin expression. Findings of venom variation were further supported by chromatographic venom profiling, and the application of enzymatic assays to quantify the activity of three pathologically relevant toxin families. However, the use of western blotting, ELISA, and in vitro enzymatic inhibition assays revealed that variation within B. arietans venom does not appear to substantially impact upon the efficacy of three African polyvalent antivenoms.

Conclusions
The large distribution and medical importance of B. arietans makes this species ideal for understanding venom variation and the impact this has on therapeutic efficacy. The findings in this study highlight the likelihood for considerable venom toxin variation across the range of B. arietans, but that this may not dramatically impact upon the utility of treatment available in the region.
Mapping the Distance: An Analysis of Visitor Travel Distance to German National Parks and Biosphere Reserves
Authors: Majewski Lisa , Frieser Anna , Lang-Novikov Katrin , Woltering Manuel 
Published: October 2024

The ecologically valuable and unique natural and cultural landscapes of protected areas are popular nature tourism destinations. From a spatial perspective, travellers visit protected areas by moving from their place of origin to the destination for a temporary stay. This paper analyses the travel distances of day visitors and overnight guests to German national parks and biosphere reserves. National parks position themselves as both regional and national destinations. In contrast, biosphere reserve tourism is more regionally concentrated due to the proximity of biosphere reserves to urban centres, which are the primary places of origin for visitors. On average, visitors travel 278.6 km by car to visit a national park, taking 172.1 minutes (02:52 hours). Opting for public transport increases the average travel distance to 312.5 km, with a travel time of 284.5 minutes (04:43 hours). Visitors to German biosphere reserves travel 208.7 km by car, requiring 134.7 minutes (02:15 hours). When using public transport to visit biosphere reserves, the average distance increases to 234.0 km, with a travel time of 239.1 minutes (03:59 hours). The automated, GIS-supported distance analyses offer an innovative approach for assessing nature tourism catchment areas and the accessibility of protected areas, serving as a basis for effective spatial planning, development, and regional marketing.
Assessment and learning outcomes for generative AI in higher education: A scoping review on current research status and trends
Authors: Weng Xiaojing , XIA Qi , Gu Mingyue , Rajaram Kumaran , Chiu Thomas K.F. 
Published: October 2024

Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) impacts higher education assessment and learning outcomes, which are closely related and intertwined. Literature suggests that educators and researchers have many varied concerns regarding student assessment in the higher education GenAI context, such as how to assess students’ learning and the new (refocused) learning outcomes that emerged in GenAI-facilitated learning environments. To provide evidence-based insights into and answers to these concerns, we conducted a scoping review by collating literature in relevant research areas. Following a five-stage scoping review framework, we collaboratively collected and coded 34 studies. The three assessment approaches identified in the review were traditional assessment, innovative and refocused assessment and GenAI-incorporated assessment. The new, refocused learning outcomes identified were career-driven competencies and lifelong learning skills. The review also revealed that most research designs were qualitatively oriented (e.g., with exploratory design, descriptive research, ethnographic research and phenomenological research). This study proposes a holistic diagram showing the current research status and trends. It suggests five future research directions: innovative assessment designs, collaborations among assessment approaches, new learning outcomes, relationships between assessment approaches and learning outcomes, and quantitative or mixed research studies.

Implications for practice or policy:

Traditional assessment methods in higher education do not operate effectively in the GenAI era.
Innovative and refocused assessment and GenAI-incorporated assessment are promising strategies to assess student learning.
Career-driven competencies and lifelong learning skills are new focused learning outcomes evolved from the use of GenAI.
More quantitative and mixed research studies should be conducted to provide additional empirical evidence on the impact of GenAI on student assessment and learning outcomes.
Framing of the war in Ukraine: How the international press reacted to the outbreak of the conflict
Authors: Stawski Rafał , Szews Przemysław 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article examines how the fights in Ukraine were framed in U. S., French, Polish, and Russian media in the first month of the conflict. Using a modified version of Semetko and Valkenburg’s (2000) method, we found patterns in media portrayals of the events. An analysis of 400 articles showed that media in these countries used roughly the same frames. The most important differences concerned the war and human interest frames, clearly avoided by Russian media. The most profound differences stemmed from how the frames were utilized. Despite using the same frames, media in different countries were able to produce different images of events.
Age, Adverse Childhood Experiences, and Health Care Utilization
Authors: Golden Charles V. , Assaf Raymen R. , Aguilar Ricardo , Moreno Tatiana , Huszti Heather , Fortier Michelle , Heyming Theodore , Rao Uma , Ehwerhemuepha Louis , Weiss Michael 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To assess whether the association of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with pediatric health care utilization differs by age.

METHODS
In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients completing primary care ACEs screening between January 2020 and September 2021. Pediatric ACEs and Related Life Events Screener Part 1 scores were categorized 0, 1 to 3, or ≥4 (none, low, and high, respectively). Two multivariable logistic regression models assessed emergency department (ED) and inpatient utilization across all ages 6 months after screening.

RESULTS
Among 37 315 patients, 15.7% visited the ED and 2.5% were hospitalized within 6 months of ACEs screening. Using no ACEs as the reference, infants and toddlers with any ACEs had lower odds of ED and inpatient utilization, whereas older children with any ACEs had higher odds of ED (age-low ACEs: 0.04, P value &lt; .001; age-high ACEs: 0.08, P value &lt; .001) and inpatient (age-low ACEs: 0.06, P value &lt; .001; age-high ACEs: 0.15, P value &lt; .001) utilization and increased each successive year of age.

CONCLUSIONS
The association of ACEs with health care utilization is dependent on age and is more complex than previously described. These trends may inform specific therapeutic strategies for pediatric patients by age.
Greek works in the manuscripts of Janus Pannonius preserved in Seville
Authors: Lombana Sánchez Alfonso 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Janus Collection in Seville offers valuable insight into the transmission and reception of Janus Pannonius's translations in the early modern period. This paper examines the Greek works translated into Latin by Janus and preserved in one of the Seville codices, specifically in manuscript T (7–1–15). Through a meticulous analysis of this manuscript and its historical context, the study sheds light on Janus's translation process, the significance of the π line in the textual tradition, and the manuscript's journey from Hungary to Spain via Basel.
AS CRIANÇAS DIANTE DA TELA: COMO ASSISTEM, RECONTAM E INTERAGEM COM OS DESENHOS ANIMADOS
Authors: Nery Patricia , Rego Teresa Cristina 
Published: October 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados de uma investigação que buscou compreender os modos como as crianças assistem, interagem e significam os desenhos animados veiculados pela TV. A pesquisa foi realizada no âmbito da investigação qualitativa, por meio de uma análise microssocial que contou com a participação de um grupo de crianças de 9 e 10 anos, estudantes do 4º ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola pública, em Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais. Integradas à área da Sociologia da Infância a qual se conjugou de forma interdisciplinar com os Estudos Culturais Latino-Americanos da área da Comunicação, as estratégias metodológicas incluíram a observação participante, as entrevistas e as oficinas nas quais as crianças puderam assistir, recontar, conversar e reconstruir as narrativas das séries de animação. A partir de uma análise descritiva e interpretativa das produções das crianças foi possível evidenciar o processo complexo de recepção, no qual a mutabilidade e permeabilidade se fazem presentes em virtude do contexto sociocultural. Nesse sentido, as crianças acessam os referentes disponíveis nas narrativas audiovisuais e os transformam em suas próprias narrativas culturais. Trata-se, portanto, de um estudo que visa contribuir para a compreensão de como as crianças produzem cultura ao interagirem com as narrativas das séries de animação.
Numerical Tests to Evaluate the Effect of Constraining the Spectral Shape of Reference Events on Source Parameter Scaling
Authors: Bindi Dino , Mayeda Kevin , Spallarossa Daniele , Picozzi Matteo , Oth Adrien , Morasca Paola , Walter William R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTExtracting source parameters from recorded spectra requires correction for attenuation effects. In consideration of the trade-off between source and propagation effects, various strategies have been proposed to constrain the inverse problem with a priori assumptions. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of constraining the source spectra of reference earthquakes in an attempt to remove a common unknown term from the spectral decomposition results. We perform numerical analyses to simulate the outcomes of the decomposition by generating source spectra for different stress drop versus seismic moment scaling, considering a large population of earthquakes with moment magnitudes between 1.8 and 6.5. Following the strategy of constraining the corner frequency of reference events, we evaluate the error of the retrieved source parameters when the applied constraint shows different levels of discrepancy with respect to the assumption used to generate the synthetics. The numerical tests show that an assumption that differs from the correct one can introduce a magnitude-dependent bias that could alter the scaling of the corner frequency with earthquake size. Furthermore, the source spectral shape for large events is also influenced by the constraints applied to the reference earthquakes. As a consequence, inferences about the self-similarity of the rupture process across the scales, or the selection of the most appropriate source model based on the goodness of the spectral fit, may be strongly biased by the constraint imposed on the reference earthquakes.
Urogynecological symptoms and pelvic floor muscle tender points in women with and without fibromyalgia
Authors: Melo Sathler Prado Tirza , Piccini Adriana , Monteiro Silvia , Bardin Marcela , Riccetto Cássio , Emmanuel Pedro de Teixeira Lucas , Botelho Simone 
Published: October 2024

Aims: To compare the urinary, sexual and vaginal symptoms frequency, pelvic floor muscles (PFM) tender points and pain severity in women with and without fibromyalgia. Methods: Cross-sectional study composed by women with fibromyalgia (FMG) and without it (control group, CG) assessed by: (a) sexual (Female Sexual Function Index - FSFI); (b) vaginal (International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire ICIQ-Vaginal Symptoms); (c) urinary (ICIQ: Urinary Incontinence Short Form ICIQ-UI SF and ICIQ-Overactive Bladder ICIQ-OAB); (d) quality of life (King’s Health Questionnaire - KHQ), as well as digital palpation assessment of: tone (normal, increased or decreased); tender points (position by clock-face); and pain severity (numeric rating scale - NRS). Statistical analysis included Student’s t-test, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney’s, logistic Regression and Spearman’s Correlation (significance level: 5%). Results: Of the 84 women enrolled, 39 FMG and 39 CG completed the study. No differences in urinary or vaginal symptoms were found. FMG presented lower FSFI (FMG: 7.2; CG: 21.6; p<0.001), more PFM tender points (FMG: 10 (25.6%); CG: 1 (2.6%); p=0.03), greater quality of life impairment (FMG: 5, CG: 4; p=0.01) and sleep/energy (FMG: 5, CG: 2, p<0.01) both KHQ domains. The pain severity was FMG: 4 (1-6); CG: 7(7); p=0.05. Conclusion: More PFM tender points, greater impairment in sexual function, as well as in quality of life were all more frequent in women with fibromyalgia when compared to healthy controls. However, the correlation between sexual function and PFM pain was low.