bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Otoliths and Scales as Structures Used to Estimate Ages of Largemouth Bass: Consequences of Biased Age Estimates
Authors: Tyszko Stephen M. , Pritt Jeremy J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Management agencies often estimate the ages of Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides based on the examination of scales—a structure that is known to produce biased estimates—without knowing how the associated bias affects management decisions. We sought to understand the effects of this bias by comparing population metrics that were predicted using scale-derived and otolith-derived age data. We collected scales and otoliths from Largemouth Bass that were sampled during standard electrofishing surveys. The age of each fish was estimated independently by three separate readers using both scales and otoliths. We assessed the average coefficient of variation for scale-derived and otolith-derived age estimates, examined the bias of scale-derived age estimates, and estimated von Bertalanffy growth model parameters by using ages estimated from scales and otoliths. These parameter estimates were used in yield-per-recruit simulations that predicted yield and the percentage of individuals in the cohort surviving to 380 mm (proportional size distribution [PSD] 380) or to 470 mm (PSD 470) at several levels of natural mortality and fishing mortality. Otolith-derived age estimates were more precise; scale-derived age estimates showed significant positive bias for fish younger than age 6 and significant negative bias for fish older than age 6. Von Bertalanffy parameter estimates were significantly different when using ages estimated from scales and those estimated from otoliths. Modeling indicated that estimates of yield and PSD 380 resulting from the two structures were similar. However, the use of scale-derived ages resulted in underestimating the impact of fishing mortality on PSD 470 by as much as five times at low levels of natural mortality and fishing mortality. Our estimates of precision and bias were similar to other comparisons of scales and otoliths, and the results of our yield-per-recruit simulations are likely generally applicable for Largemouth Bass management. Trophy fishing is a common management objective, and managers relying on scale-based age data could be less likely to adopt the restrictive harvest regulations that are critical for producing trophy Largemouth Bass.
Received November 17, 2016; accepted June 22, 2017 Published online August 22, 2017
Postdischarge Smoking Cessation in Subgroups of Hospitalized Smokers: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Ylioja Thomas , Cochran Gerald , Chang Yuchiao , Tindle Hilary A. , Rigotti Nancy A. 
Published: July 2017

Background Hospitalization presents a window of opportunity to treat smoking, and hospital-initiated smoking treatment has demonstrated effectiveness. Despite effective interventions, not all smokers will discontinue use, highlighting the need to better understand which patients achieve cessation. Traditional regression methods may not capture the complexity of inpatient smoker subgroups. Methods Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted with data from 397 hospitalized adult cigarette smokers enrolled in a randomized trial. Six categorical indicator variables known to impact cessation were selected to estimate subgroups: health conditions (smoking-related disease [SRD], depressive symptoms, positive screen for alcohol problems) and smoking-related variables (time to first cigarette, cigarettes/day, smoking indoors). The probability of achieving biologically verified 7-day tobacco cessation 6 months after discharged was estimated. Results A 3-class model best fit the trial data: a Light Smokers subgroup had lower probability for most indicators; a High Health Burden subgroup had high smoking behavior probabilities and similar health problems to the Light Smokers subgroup; and a Heavy Smoking Drinking Depressed subgroup had high nicotine dependence, depressive symptoms, and alcohol misuse probabilities. Probability of biologically verified cessation conditional on class membership was significantly higher ( P < .001) for the High Health Burden and the Light Smokers subgroups compared with the Heavy Smoking Drinking Depressed subgroup. Conclusion Results suggest that subgroups with lower probabilities of alcohol misuse and depression and higher probability of SRD had higher probability of successful cessation after hospital discharge. Hospitalized patients with nicotine dependence combined with behavioral and mental health problems have additional cessation barriers that may require intervention focus.
Homeless Veterans’ Experiences with Substance Use, Recovery, and Treatment through Photo Elicitation
Authors: Sestito Samuel F. , Rodriguez Keri L. , Saba Shaddy K. , Conley James W. , Mitchell Michael A. , Gordon Adam J. 
Published: July 2017

Background Homeless veterans often have addictions and comorbidities that complicate utilization of longitudinal health care services, such as primary care. An understanding of experiences of veterans enrolled in a Homeless Patient Aligned Care Team (H-PACT) may improve addiction treatment engagement in these settings. The authors aimed to describe H-PACT veterans’ experiences with substance use (SU), substance use recovery (SUR), and substance use treatment (SUT). Methods Homeless veterans were recruited from a veteran primary care medical home clinic between September 2014 and March 2015. Twenty veterans were given digital cameras and prompts for taking photographs about their health and health care and participated in 2 photo elicitation interviews. For this secondary analysis, transcripts from the audio-recorded interviews were analyzed by 2 coders using qualitative content analysis. Results The majority of participants (75%, n = 15) discussed SU, SUR, and/or SUT in regards to their health and health care utilization. SU themes centered on disclosure of addiction or dependency; substances used; repercussions of SU; SU as a coping mechanism; and association of SU with military service. SUR themes included disclosure of length of sobriety; perceived facilitators of SUR in health, beliefs, social, environmental, financial, and creative pursuit domains; and perceived barriers to SUR in beliefs, social, and environmental domains. SUT themes focused on perceived facilitators of SUT in access to Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) and non-VA services and social domains and perceived barriers to SUT in the social domain. Conclusions Providers seeking to elicit addiction-related clinical history and facilitate SUR and SUT might look to the current findings for guidance. Provider training in motivational interviewing may be warranted, which allows for an exploration of health-related consequences of SU and supports patients’ self-efficacy.
Awareness of State Legislation on Naloxone Accessibility associated with Willingness to Prescribe Naloxone
Authors: Okoro Olihe N. , Bastianelli Karen M. , Wen Ya-Feng , Bilden Elisabeth F. , Konowalchuk Brian K. , Schneiderhan Mark E. 
Published: July 2017

Background Increasing rates of opioid-related deaths, state naloxone legislation changes, and negativity prompted investigation of predictive factors associated with willingness to prescribe naloxone to populations at risk of overdose, including knowledge of risk factors, assessment of persons at risk, awareness of legislative changes, perceptions of professional responsibility, and confidence around naloxone prescribing and distribution. Methods Cross-sectional, Web-based, anonymous, voluntary survey to prescribers of 2 regional health care systems serving urban and rural North Dakota, northern Minnesota, and northwestern Wisconsin. Human subject research was approved by university and health care systems’ institutional review boards. Results Overall, 203 of 1586 prescribers responded; however, not all prescribers completed each survey item. A majority (89.4%, n = 127/142) of respondents had never prescribed naloxone for overdose prevention. Willingness to prescribe naloxone for 4 patient care scenarios involving substantial opioid overdose risk ranged from 43.4% to 70.5%. Knowledge mean score was 15.5 (SD = 2.9) out of 22 with median 15 (range: 5–22). Naloxone legislation awareness score was 8.8 (SD = 3.8) out of 15 with median 8 (range: 3–15). There was a statistically significant but modest correlation between willingness to prescribe naloxone and the other variables, including awareness of state naloxone-related legislation ( r = 0.43, P < .0001), level of self-confidence about dosing, prescribing, and writing protocols for naloxone ( r = 0.37, P < .0001), general knowledge ( r = 0.24, P = .0032), and perception of professional responsibility ( r = 0.19, P = .03). Multivariate regression analysis indicated willingness to prescribe naloxone was associated with statistically significant predictors, including awareness of the naloxone laws ( P = .0016) and self-confidence about dosing, prescribing, and writing protocols ( P = .0011). Conclusions Prescribers who are more aware of state laws regarding naloxone and confident in their knowledge of dosing, administration, and writing protocols may be more willing to prescribe naloxone.
Increasing Availability of Benzodiazepines among People who Inject Drugs in a Canadian Setting
Authors: Walton Geoffrey , Dong Huiru , Milloy M. J. , DeBeck Kora , Kerr Thomas , Wood Evan , Hayashi Kanna 
Published: July 2017

Background Benzodiazepine misuse is associated with mortality and is common among people who inject drugs (PWID). This study aimed to examine the temporal trends in the availability of benzodiazepines among PWID in a Canadian setting, and to identify factors associated with more immediate access to benzodiazepines. Methods Data were derived from 3 prospective cohorts of PWID in Vancouver, Canada, between June 2012 and May 2015. The primary outcome was the perceived availability of benzodiazepines, measured in 3 levels: not available, delayed availability (available in ≥10 minutes), and immediate availability (available in <10 minutes). The authors used multivariable generalized estimating equations to identify factors associated with availability of benzodiazepines. Results In total, 1641 individuals were included in these analyses. In multivariable analyses, factors associated with immediate benzodiazepine availability included incarceration (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 1.89) and participation in methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) (AOR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.60). Factors associated with delayed benzodiazepine availability included incarceration (AOR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.02, 2.07) and participation in MMT (AOR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.48, 2.12). Benzodiazepine availability increased throughout the study period for both immediate (AOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.18 per 6-month follow-up period) and delayed (AOR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.22 per 6-month follow-up period) availability. Conclusions Among our sample of PWID, benzodiazepine availability is increasing and was associated with health and criminal justice system characteristics. Our findings indicate a need to examine prescribing practices and educate both PWID and health care providers about the risks associated with benzodiazepine use.
Nilpotent Lie Algebras and Systolic Growth of Nilmanifolds
Authors: Cornulier Yves 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Introduced by Gromov in the nineties, the systolic growth of a Lie group gives the smallest possible covolume of a lattice with a given systole. In a simply connected nilpotent Lie group, this function has polynomial growth, but can grow faster than the volume growth. We express this systolic growth function in terms of discrete cocompact subrings of the Lie algebra, making it more practical to estimate. After providing some general upper bounds, we develop methods to provide nontrivial lower bounds. We provide the first computations of the asymptotics of the systolic growth of nilpotent groups for which this is not equivalent to the volume growth. In particular, we provide an example for which the degree of growth is not an integer; it has dimension 7. Finally, we gather some open questions.
Snowshoe Hare Virus Causing Meningoencephalitis in a Young Adult From Northern Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Lau Lawrence , Wudel Beverly , Kadkhoda Kamran , Keynan Yoav 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe describe a dramatic presentation of meningoencephalitis, in a young Aboriginal male from Northern Manitoba, due to infection with the Snowshoe hare virus, a member of the California serogroup viruses. Snowshoe hare virus represents a rare cause of meningoencephalitis, and, to date, few Canadian cases have been described in the literature.
Endoscopic Endonasal and Transcranial Surgery for Microsurgical Resection of Ventral Foramen Magnum Meningiomas: A Preliminary Experience
Authors: Khattar Nicolas , Koutourousiou Maria , Chabot Joseph D , Wang Eric W , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A , Snyderman Carl H , Fernandez-Miranda Juan C , Gardner Paul A 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Purely ventral foramen magnum meningiomas are challenging tumors to treat given their location, and proximity and relationship to vital neurovascular structures.

OBJECTIVE
To present endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) as a complementary approach to the far-lateral suboccipital approach (FLA) for ventral midline tumors.

METHODS
From May 2008 to October 2013, 5 patients underwent EES and 5 FLA for primary ventral foramen magnum meningiomas. We retrospectively reviewed their records to evaluate outcomes.

RESULTS
Nine of 10 patients presented with long-tract and lower cranial nerve deficits. All patients who presented with deficits preoperatively completely normalized after tumor resection regardless of approach. Gross total resection was achieved in 2 cases in the EES group and 4 cases in the FLA group (the rest were near total). Vascular encasement was a limitation to gross total resection with both approaches. Preoperative median Karnofsky Performance Scale score was 80 and improved to 100 in both groups.
Following EES, 1 patient developed cerebrospinal fluid leak with resultant meningitis. Two patients developed hydrocephalus, one of which developed an epidural abscess following necrosis of the nasoseptal flap, requiring debridement. In the FLA group, 1 patient developed a pseudomeningocele associated with hydrocephalus. One patient developed an abdominal fat graft site hematoma.

CONCLUSION
Both approaches provide excellent results for resection of ventral foramen magnum meningiomas, with reconstruction and hydrocephalus as the main sources of complication. In our practice, EES is a preferred technique in ventral, purely midline tumors with limited inferior extension and reduced lower cranial nerve manipulation, whereas FLA is preferred in tumors with lateral and caudal extension below the tip of the dens.
Epidemic Network Analysis for Mitigation of Invasive Pathogens in Seed Systems: Potato in Ecuador
Authors: Buddenhagen C. E. , Hernandez Nopsa J. F. , Andersen K. F. , Andrade-Piedra J. , Forbes G. A. , Kromann P. , Thomas-Sharma S. , Useche P. , Garrett K. A. 
Published: July 2017

Seed systems have an important role in the distribution of high-quality seed and improved varieties. The structure of seed networks also helps to determine the epidemiological risk for seedborne disease. We present a new approach for evaluating the epidemiological role of nodes in seed networks, and apply it to a regional potato farmer consortium (Consorcio de Productores de Papa [CONPAPA]) in Ecuador. We surveyed farmers to estimate the structure of networks of farmer seed tuber and ware potato transactions, and farmer information sources about pest and disease management. Then, we simulated pathogen spread through seed transaction networks to identify priority nodes for disease detection. The likelihood of pathogen establishment was weighted based on the quality or quantity of information sources about disease management. CONPAPA staff and facilities, a market, and certain farms are priorities for disease management interventions such as training, monitoring, and variety dissemination. Advice from agrochemical store staff was common but assessed as significantly less reliable. Farmer access to information (reported number and quality of sources) was similar for both genders. However, women had a smaller amount of the market share for seed tubers and ware potato. Understanding seed system networks provides input for scenario analyses to evaluate potential system improvements. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Anaphylaxis and intimate behaviour
Authors: Liccardi Gennaro , Caminati Marco , Senna Gianenrico , Calzetta Luigino , Rogliani Paola 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Intimate behaviours may represent an unusual way of exposure to a culprit allergen, or the frame for sex-related allergies due to triggers typically linked to that situation. The present review aims at summarizing the state of the art about the topic, in order to spread the awareness and the basic know-how in the field of sexual-related allergies.

Recent findings
Kiss-related IgE-mediated reactions are caused in sensitized partners mainly by the passive transport of allergenic molecules through saliva, skin or oral mucosa. It has also been recently suggested that kissing may act as an epicutaneous way for induction of allergic sensitization. Among food and drugs, not only but mostly, peanuts and beta-lactams, respectively, are the usual trigger. Although controversial, 1-hour wait before kissing and a proper mouth cleaning have been suggested as prevention strategies. Sexual intercourse related local or systemic symptoms can be caused by seminal plasma hypersensitivity, an IgE-mediated/type IV reaction due to prostate-specific antigen, which carries high homology to the canine prostatic kallikrein (Can f 5). Although applied to few patients, successful desensitization and immunotherapy protocols have been proposed.

Summary
Intimate behaviours are possible modalities of contact with the allergen. The exact prevalence of such hypersensitivity reactions is not known, but for its implications on Quality of Life and reproductive wishes, the possible link between sex and allergy should become part of the personal culture of clinical allergists and every clinician, in order to extend and improve the diagnosis of unusual or unexplained conditions.
An Effective Negative Pressure Wound Therapy–Compatible Local Antibiotic Delivery Device
Authors: Rand Ben C. C. , Wenke Joseph C. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives:
The current clinical standard for local antibiotic depot is polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) beads. Unfortunately, these are not ideal and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) reduces their limited effectiveness. Recently, a chitosan sponge has been shown to be an effective carrier of antibiotics. Because it acts as a delivery vehicle with increased wound contact area instead of an antibiotic depot, it may be more effective. The objectives of this study were to determine if (1) a chitosan sponge would be more effective than PMMA beads as a local antibiotic delivery device and (2) the chitosan sponge remains an effective method of delivery when used in conjunction with NPWT.

Methods:
Contaminated musculoskeletal wounds were created on the proximal tibia of goats; the animals were assigned to 1 of 4 groups (bead pouch, beads with NPWT, sponge pouch, and sponge with NPWT). The animals were survived for 48 hours, and the bacteria in the wound were quantified. The antibiotic levels in the blood and within the NPWT canisters were measured throughout the study period.

Results:
After treatment, there were significantly fewer bacteria in wounds treated with antibiotic chitosan sponge delivery than antibiotic PMMA bead depot (P < 0.05), and NPWT did not reduce the effectiveness of the chitosan sponge even though large amounts of vancomycin was found in the canisters. The peak serum levels of vancomycin were well below what is considered safe levels.

Conclusions:
Antibiotic delivery to the wound using a chitosan sponge is compatible with NPWT and is more effective than PMMA antibiotic depot. The chitosan sponge works in conjunction with NPWT and may improve the outcomes of open fracture wounds.
Readmissions for Recurrent Sepsis: New or Relapsed Infection?*
Authors: DeMerle Kimberley Marie , Royer Stephanie C. , Mikkelsen Mark E. , Prescott Hallie C. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives:
Sepsis hospitalizations are frequently followed by hospital readmissions, often for recurrent sepsis. However, it is unclear how often sepsis readmissions are for relapsed/recrudescent versus new infections. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which 90-day readmissions for recurrent sepsis are due to infection of the same site and same pathogen as the initial episode.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
University of Michigan Health System.

Patients:
All hospitalizations (May 15, 2013 to May 14, 2015) with a principal International Classification of Diseases, Ninth revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis of septicemia (038.x), severe sepsis (995.92), or septic shock (785.52), as well as all subsequent hospitalizations and sepsis readmissions within 90 days. We determined organism and site of sepsis through manual chart abstraction.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
We identified 472 readmissions within 90 days of sepsis, of which 137 (29.1%) were for sepsis. In sepsis readmissions, the site and organisms were most commonly urinary (29.2%), gastrointestinal (20.4%), Gram negative (29.9%), Gram positive (16.8%), and culture negative (30.7%). Ninety-four readmissions (68.6%) were for infection at the same site as initial sepsis hospitalization. Nineteen percent of readmissions were confirmed to be same site and same organism. However, accounting for the uncertainty from culture-negative sepsis, as many as 53.2% of readmissions could plausibly due to infections with both the same organism and same site.

Conclusions:
Of the patients readmitted with sepsis within 90 days, two thirds had infection at the same site as their initial admission. Just 19% had infection confirmed to be from the same site and organism as the initial sepsis hospitalization. Half of readmissions were definitively for new infections, whereas an additional 34% were unclear since cultures were negative in one of the hospitalizations.
Rational therapeutic choice for older patients with lymphoma
Authors: Bron Dominique , Soubeyran Pierre 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
The choice for an optimal treatment in older lymphoma patients is a real challenge for hemato-oncologists. They have to treat a potentially curative lymphoma, and concomitantly protect their patients from unacceptable toxicities. Some recommendations are provided for the major subtypes of lymphomas including the antitumoral treatment and primarily the optimal supportive care.

Recent findings
All the recent literature data converge to say that the approach of an older patient with a malignant hemopathy is a multistep procedure. This process comprises the appraisal of life expectancy of the patient with or without the disease, the prognostic factors of the tumor, the functional, physiological and cognitive functions evaluation, the socio-economical environment and the patient's expectancy in terms of quality of life. Major progresses have been achieved in the management of diffuse large B cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma in patients up to 80 and above 80 years old.

Summary
With all these information in hands, the hematologist will decide if the treatment's objective is the standard treatment with optimal supportive care (fit patients), tailor-made adapted chemotherapy (unfit patients) or preservation of quality of life (frail patients).