bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Severe adult malaria is associated with specific PfEMP1 adhesion types and high parasite biomass
Authors: Bernabeu Maria , Danziger Samuel A. , Avril Marion , Vaz Marina , Babar Prasad H. , Brazier Andrew J. , Herricks Thurston , Maki Jennifer N. , Pereira Ligia , Mascarenhas Anjali , Gomes Edwin , Chery Laura , Aitchison John D. , Rathod Pradipsinh K. , Smith Joseph D. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
The clinical presentation of severe malaria differs between children and adults, but the factors leading to these differences remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated parasite virulence factors in adult patients in India and show that specific endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR)-binding parasites are associated with severe adult malaria and act together with parasite biomass in patient hospitalization and disease severity. We found substantial differences in EPCR binding activity from severe malaria isolates. However, even parasite domains that partially obstructed the interaction between EPCR and its ligand activated protein C were sufficient to interfere with activated protein C-barrier protective activities in human brain endothelial cells. Thus, restoration of EPCR functions may be a key target for adjunctive malaria drug treatments.
Open chromatin reveals the functional maize genome
Authors: Rodgers-Melnick Eli , Vera Daniel L. , Bass Hank W. , Buckler Edward S. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
The maize genome, similar to those of most plant genomes, is 98% noncoding. Much of the remainder is a vast desert of repeats that remain repressed throughout the cell cycle. The plant cell orchestrates its complex activities by restricting access to functional regions with an open chromatin configuration. Here, we identify the small portion (<1%) of the maize genome residing in open chromatin. We demonstrate that open chromatin predicts molecular phenotypes such as gene expression and recombination. Furthermore, we show that genetic variation within open chromatin regions accounts for ∼40% of phenotypic variation in agronomic traits. By greatly narrowing the scope of the functional maize genome, this study can help to accelerate the pace of crop improvement through highly focused genomic selection and genome editing.
LAP-like process as an immune mechanism downstream of IFN-γ in control of the human malariaPlasmodium vivaxliver stage
Authors: Boonhok Rachasak , Rachaphaew Nattawan , Duangmanee Apisak , Chobson Pornpimol , Pattaradilokrat Sittiporn , Utaisincharoen Pongsak , Sattabongkot Jetsumon , Ponpuak Marisa 
Published: May 2016

SignificanceIFN-γ plays an important role in the elimination of liver-stagePlasmodiumparasites, but the mechanism involved in this process is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that IFN-γ treatment induces a noncanonical autophagy pathway in human hepatocytes dubbed an LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP)-like process, in which the parasitophorous vacuole membrane of the parasites is decorated with LC3, resulting in the colocalization of parasite compartments with lysosomes. Downstream autophagy-related proteins are involved in this pathway, whereas the upstream autophagy-initiating protein is not. Our work shows that a LAP-like process serves as a previously unidentified downstream effector of IFN-γ in elimination of the liver-stage human malarial parasitePlasmodium vivax.
Resistance to docetaxel in prostate cancer is associated with androgen receptor activation and loss of KDM5D expression
Authors: Komura Kazumasa , Jeong Seong Ho , Hinohara Kunihiko , Qu Fangfang , Wang Xiaodong , Hiraki Masayuki , Azuma Haruhito , Lee Gwo-Shu Mary , Kantoff Philip W. , Sweeney Christopher J. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
The results of the recent clinical trials, ChemoHormonal Therapy Versus Androgen Ablation Randomized Trial for Extensive Disease in Prostate Cancer (CHAARTED) and Systemic Therapy in Advanced or Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of Drug Efficacy (STAMPEDE), suggest a significant contribution of androgen receptor signaling to sensitivity of docetaxel in prostate cancer. This study provides evidence that KDM5D (lysine-specific demethylase 5D) encoded on the Y chromosome plays an important role in docetaxel sensitivity by interacting with androgen receptor signaling, and that its expression level is associated with clinical outcomes. These data start to elucidate the biological underpinnings for the findings from these clinical trials.
Chemo-mechanical pushing of proteins along single-stranded DNA
Authors: Sokoloski Joshua E. , Kozlov Alexander G. , Galletto Roberto , Lohman Timothy M. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Cellular processes take place in dynamic, crowded environments. Single-stranded DNA binding (SSB) proteins are ubiquitous in cells, serving to protect the transient single-stranded (ss)DNA formed during DNA replication, recombination, and repair and recruit numerous other proteins to the ssDNA. SSBs must be displaced or otherwise moved in order for DNA to be replicated or repaired. The motor protein activity of ssDNA translocases could serve in this capacity to facilitate directional movement of SSBs along ssDNA. In this work, we show that high-affinity SSBs can be moved directionally along ssDNA and eventually displaced via the ATP-driven action of ssDNA translocases. This process occurs via nonspecific chemo-mechanical pushing of the SSB along the ssDNA in the direction of translocation.
Striatal cholinergic interneurons generate beta and gamma oscillations in the corticostriatal circuit and produce motor deficits
Authors: Kondabolu Krishnakanth , Roberts Erik A. , Bucklin Mark , McCarthy Michelle M. , Kopell Nancy , Han Xue 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Exaggerated beta oscillations within the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamic (CBT) network are putative electrophysiological signatures of bradykinesia and rigidity in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, it is unclear how exaggerated beta oscillations emerge and how such oscillation patterns are related to PD motor deficits. In this study, we demonstrate that a single cell type, the striatal cholinergic interneuron, mediates the emergence of exaggerated beta oscillations within CBT circuits of normal mice and induces parkinsonian-like motor deficits. Because the striatal cholinergic system is uninhibited by loss of dopamine, these results provide mechanistic insights into the therapeutic effects of anticholinergic drugs in the treatment of PD and highlight the potential for developing beta oscillation-based biomakers for PD.
Soft, thin skin-mounted power management systems and their use in wireless thermography
Authors: Lee Jung Woo , Xu Renxiao , Lee Seungmin , Jang Kyung-In , Yang Yichen , Banks Anthony , Yu Ki Jun , Kim Jeonghyun , Xu Sheng , Ma Siyi , Jang Sung Woo , Won Phillip , Li Yuhang , Kim Bong Hoon , Choe Jo Young , Huh Soojeong , Kwon Yong Ho , Huang Yonggang , Paik Ungyu , Rogers John A. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Existing options for electrical power generation and storage in wearable electronics are incompatible with thin geometries, soft, stretchable mechanics, and lightweight construction needed for long‐lived, intimate interfaces with the skin. Here we demonstrate concepts that allow the integration of collections of thin, millimeter-scale solid-state batteries and multijunction solar cells into electrically interconnected arrays that simultaneously provide high-performance operation and soft, biocompatible mechanics at the system level. Examples in photovoltaic energy harvesting, storage, and overall power management illustrate some of the functional options with such platforms. Thin, wearable wireless sensors for skin thermography with capabilities in data logging demonstrate the combined use of components for energy storage, power management, digital memory, physiological monitoring, and wireless, near-field communications in an integrated, stretchable device architecture with the ability to establish robust, nonirritating measurement interfaces directly to the skin.
Phasic dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex enhances stimulus discrimination
Authors: Popescu Andrei T. , Zhou Michael R. , Poo Mu-ming 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Much of our knowledge about the role of dopamine (DA) during learning comes from studying the ventral tegmental area (VTA)-to-striatum pathway, and considerably less is known about the function of phasic DA release in other regions, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). By pairing auditory conditioned stimuli (CSs) with optogenetically activated VTA-to-mPFC projections, we show that mice learn faster a subsequent task that involves discrimination of the same CSs against unpaired stimuli. During and after CS-DA pairing, mPFC neurons specifically increase firing in response to the paired CSs, and blocking DA receptors in mPFC during learning impairs stimulus discrimination. Thus, phasic DA acts in mPFC to enhance discrimination of behaviorally relevant stimuli during learning.
Risk Analysis of Plausible Incidental Exploitation Rates for the Pacific Sleeper Shark, a Data-Poor Species in the Gulf of Alaska
Authors: Courtney Dean L. , Adkison Milo D. , Sigler Michael F. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Monte Carlo simulation was used to investigate the sustainability of incidental exploitation rates (U) for Pacific Sleeper Sharks Somniosus pacificus in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) under status quo management. Monte Carlo simulations were implemented with a standard, length-based, age-structured model that was evaluated with forward projection. Given the paucity of relevant data, we investigated the sensitivity of simulation results to a range of assumptions about key model parameters by using 24 alternative model configurations, each simulated 1,000 times. The risk analysis results were most sensitive to Pacific Sleeper Shark U-values. The aggregate fraction of simulations ending in an overfished condition increased from 0% under the low-U scenario to 59% under the high-U scenario. Risk analysis results were also sensitive to the assumed shape of the length-based selectivity curve (asymptotic or dome shaped) but were less sensitive to the range of assumptions about other key model parameters, including maximum age and stock productivity. These results indicate that a priority for Pacific Sleeper Shark management is to reduce the uncertainty in U. This major uncertainty will be decreased by an observer program that is now in place to monitor the historically unobserved GOA Pacific Halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis fishery, which incidentally catches Pacific Sleeper Sharks.
Received March 19, 2015; accepted December 7, 2015 Published online May 16, 2016
Examination of a Single-Unit, Multiple-Pass Electrofishing Protocol to Reliably Estimate Fish Assemblage Composition in Wadeable Streams of the Mid-Atlantic Region of the USA
Authors: Shank Matthew K. , Henning Aaron M. , Leakey Andrew S. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Electrofishing is a valuable tool used to collect fish assemblage data, which is often vital to ecological assessments; however, wadeable electrofishing protocols vary in optimal reach length and number of passes based on study objectives, stream size, and geographic region, among other factors. This study examined a method intended to efficiently assess fish assemblage composition through the use of a single-unit, width-based electrofishing protocol using multiple passes. Fish assemblage data were collected using backpack or tote barge electrofishing equipment from 93 wadeable streams 2.3–76.4 m in width in the Susquehanna River basin (SRB). Results indicated that &gt;97% of total species present were collected after the first two electrofishing passes, regardless of stream size. New species were more often captured on subsequent electrofishing passes in larger streams. Compared with other studies our results suggest less electrofishing effort is necessary to accurately estimate fish assemblage composition in smaller streams and in more depauperate ichthyofaunal regions. A single electrofishing pass satisfied the objective of obtaining ≥90% assemblage similarity in small streams ≤ 5 m wide. Two electrofishing passes were necessary to reach ≥90% assemblage similarity in larger wadeable SRB streams &gt; 5 m in width. Results suggest a single electrofishing unit and a crew of ≤4 individuals can obtain reliable estimates of fish assemblage composition from wadeable streams of various sizes, which may be desirable when personnel or gear is limited. The shortcomings of single-unit, multiple-pass electrofishing (e.g., inability to model abundance or species richness) reinforce the need for managers and researchers to choose electrofishing protocols based on study objectives. Overall, our results suggest that the single-unit, multiple-pass protocol performed throughout a reach equal to 10 times the stream width is appropriate to reliably estimate fish assemblage composition in streams of the mid-Atlantic and northeastern regions of the United States.
Received April 27, 2015; accepted December 28, 2015 Published online May 16, 2016
Quorum Signal Inhibitors and Their Potential Use against Fish Diseases
Authors: Chu Weihua , McLean Robert J. C. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) is a process of bacterial communication used to control group behaviors, including bioluminescence, virulence factor production, biofilm formation, and biofilm antimicrobial tolerance. Many aquatic bacterial pathogens such as Aeromonas, Vibrio, and Edwardsiella spp. use QS to regulate virulence factor production. The disruption of QS has been shown to be an effective strategy in the competition between higher organisms and bacteria and more recently between bacterial species. For this reason, QS disruption has been proposed as a strategy to prevent bacterial pathogenicity. In this review, we summarize the current literature and illustrate the value of QS inhibitors in controlling virulence production in aquatic bacterial pathogens. This represents a new, nonantibiotic strategy to combat fish diseases.
Received August 11, 2015; accepted January 26, 2016
Monsters in the dark: predictions for luminous galaxies in the early Universe from the BlueTides simulation
Authors: Waters Dacen , Wilkins Stephen M. , Di Matteo Tiziana , Feng Yu , Croft Rupert , Nagai Daisuke 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Using deep Hubble and Spitzer observations Oesch et al. have identified a bright (MUV ≈ −22) star-forming galaxy candidate at z ≈ 11. The presence of GN-z11 implies a number density ∼10−6 Mpc−3, roughly an order of magnitude higher than the expected value based on extrapolations from lower redshift. Using the unprecedented volume and high resolution of the BlueTides cosmological hydrodynamical simulation, we study the population of luminous rare objects at z &gt; 10. The luminosity function in BlueTides implies an enhanced number of massive galaxies, consistent with the observation of GN-z11. We find about 30 galaxies at MUV ≈ −22 at z = 11 in the BlueTides volume, including a few objects about 1.5 mag brighter. The probability of observing GN-z11 in the volume probed by Oesch et al. is ∼13 per cent. The predicted properties of the rare bright galaxies at z = 11 in BlueTides closely match those inferred from the observations of GN-z11. BlueTides predicts a negligible contribution from faint AGN in the observed SED. The enormous increase in volume surveyed by WFIRST will provide observations of ∼1000 galaxies with MUV &lt; −22 beyond z = 11 out to z = 13.5.
The Association Between Government Health Care Spending and Maternal Mortality in the European Union, 1981 to 2010: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Maruthappu M. , Ng K.Y.B. , Williams C. , Atun R. , Agrawal P. , Zeltner T. 
Published: May 2016

(BJOG. 2015;122(9):1216–1224)
Government health care expenditure per capita, on a national level, is a predictor of maternal mortality, which the authors of this study defined as death of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of delivery from obstetric causes. In turn, maternal mortality is commonly used as a marker for the performance of a country’s health care system. In the present study, authors determined associations between decreases in government health care spending and maternal mortality over a 30-year period (1981 to 2010) in 24 European Union countries, with the goal of elucidating the impact of government health care spending on survival in the parturient population.
Is Fetal Cerebroplacental Ratio an Independent Predictor of Intrapartum Fetal Compromise and Neonatal Unit Admission?
Authors: Khalil A.A. , Morales-Rosello J. , Morlando M. , Hannan H. , Bhide A. , Papageorghiou A. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: May 2016

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2015;213:54.e154.e10)
Identifying whether a fetus is at risk for intrapartum hypoxia and other adverse conditions is challenging. Although smaller fetal size is more strongly associated with nonreassuring fetal status, many appropriate weight babies are also at risk for conditions such as cerebral palsy. A recent study suggested that fetal cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) measured within 72 hours of delivery, can successfully identify patients that will require obstetric intervention for intrapartum fetal compromise. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the CPR can in fact serve as a reliable indicator of both intrapartum fetal compromise and admission to a neonatal unit.
Effects of preoperative vaginal estrogen therapy for the incidence of mesh complication after pelvic organ prolapse surgery in postmenopausal women: is it helpful or a myth? A 1-year randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sun Zhixing , Zhu Lan , Xu Tao , Shi Xinwen , Lang Jinghe 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Objective:
The literature advocates preoperative vaginal estrogen (VE) therapy to reduce mesh exposure in pelvic organ prolapsed (POP); however, there are no comparative studies so far. This study aims to compare the effects of preoperative VE and non-VE therapy for the incidence of mesh exposure in postmenopausal women after transvaginal pelvic reconstructive surgery (PRS) with mesh.

Methods:
A randomized noninferiority single-surgeon study of 186 women with severe POP was conducted. Ninety-three women (VE group) received 0.5 g promestriene cream twice a week transvaginally for 6 weeks before PRS with mesh, and 93 women (non-VE group) underwent PRS with mesh 6 weeks after enrollment without pharmacologic preparation. The primary outcome was the occurrence of mesh exposure within 1 year.

Results:
Overall, 173 of 186 participants (93.0%) completed 1-year follow-up. In an intention-to-treat analysis, the proportion of participants experiencing mesh exposure was 16.1% (15 of 93) in the VE group versus 12.9% (12 of 93) in the non-VE group (P = 0.024 for noninferiority). Both exposure area and time to exposure did not differ between the two groups. Similarly, no detectable differences at month 12 were found in terms of anatomic success, good response on the Patient Global Impression of Change, improvement in quality of life and sexual function, and complications. The result of per-protocol analysis agreed with that seen in the intention-to-treat analysis.

Conclusions:
In postmenopausal women with severe POP who underwent transvaginal PRS with mesh, non-VE therapy before surgery was noninferior to VE therapy regarding mesh exposure rate within 1 year of follow-up.
Using the TIDieR Checklist to Standardize the Description of a Functional Strength Training Intervention for the Upper Limb After Stroke
Authors: van Vliet Paulette , Hunter Susan M. , Donaldson Catherine , Pomeroy Valerie 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose:
Published reports of intervention in randomized controlled trials are often poorly described. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist has been recently developed to improve the reporting of interventions. The aim of this article is to describe a therapy intervention used in the stroke rehabilitation trial, “Clinical Efficacy of Functional Strength Training for Upper Limb Motor Recovery Early After Stroke: Neural Correlates and Prognostic Indicators” (FAST-INdICATE), using TIDieR.

Methods:
The functional strength training intervention used in the FAST-INdICATE trial was described using TIDieR so that intervention can be replicated by both clinicians, who may implement it in practice, and researchers, who may deliver it in future research. The usefulness of TIDieR in the context of a complex stroke rehabilitation intervention was then discussed.

Results and Discussion:
The TIDieR checklist provided a systematic way of describing a treatment intervention used in a clinical trial of stroke rehabilitation. Clarification is needed regarding several aspects of the TIDieR checklist, including in which section to report about the development of the intervention in pilot studies, results of feasibility studies; overlap between training and procedures for assessing fidelity; and where to publish supplementary material so that it remains in the public domain.

Conclusions:
TIDieR is a systematic way of reporting the intervention delivered in a clinical trial of a complex intervention such as stroke rehabilitation. This approach may also have value for standardizing intervention in clinical practice.

Video abstract available for more insights from the authors (see Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A131).
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Pediatric Respiratory Failure: Risk Factors Associated With Center Volume and Mortality*
Authors: Kirkland Brandon W. , Wilkes Jacob , Bailly David K. , Bratton Susan L. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives:
Recent analyses show higher mortality at low-volume centers providing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. We sought to identify factors associated with center volume and mortality to explain survival differences and identify areas for improvement.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
Patients admitted to children’s hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System database and supported with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure from 2003 to 2014.

Patients:
A total of 5,303 patients aged 0–18 years old met inclusion criteria: 3,349 neonates and 1,954 children.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Low center volume was defined as less than 20, medium 20–49, and large greater than or equal to 50 cases per year. Center volume was also assessed as a continuous integer. Among neonates, clinical factors including intraventricular hemorrhage (relative risk, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.24–1.56) and acute renal failure (relative risk, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.20–1.60) were more common at low-volume compared to larger centers and were associated with in-hospital death. After adjustment for differences in demographic factors and primary pulmonary conditions, mild prematurity, acute renal failure, intraventricular hemorrhage, and receipt of dialysis remained independently associated with mortality, as did center volume measured as a continuous number. Among children, the risk of acute renal failure was almost 20% greater (relative risk, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.02–1.38) in small compared to large centers, but dialysis and bronchoscopy were used significantly less but were associated with mortality. After adjustment for differences in demographic factors and primary pulmonary conditions, acute renal failure, acute liver necrosis, acute pancreatitis, and receipt of bronchoscopy remained independently associated with mortality. Center volume measurement was not associated with mortality given these factors.

Conclusions:
Among neonates, investigation for intraventricular hemorrhage prior to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and preservation of renal function are important factors for improvement. Earlier initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and careful attention to preservation of organ function are important to improve survival for children.