Abstract 1824: Context dependent regulatory patterns of the androgen receptor (AR) and androgen receptor target genes
Authors: Olsen Jan Roger , Azeem Waqas , Hellem Margrete R. , Marvyin Kristo , Hua Yaping , Qu Yi , Li Lisha , Lin Biaoyang , Ke XiSong , Oyan Anne Margrete , Kalland Karl-Henning 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Background: Expression of the androgen receptor (AR) is associated with androgen-dependent proliferation arrest and terminal differentiation of normal prostate epithelial cells. Additionally, activation of the AR is required for survival of benign luminal epithelial cells and primary cancer cells. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) leads to apoptosis in both benign and cancerous tissue. Cancer cell escape from ADT is known as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In the course of CRPC development the AR typically switches from being a cell-intrinsic inhibitor of normal prostate epithelial cell proliferation to becoming an oncogene that is critical for prostate cancer cell proliferation.
Methods: Immortalized human prostate basal epithelial EP156T cells and progeny cells that underwent epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), primary prostate epithelial cells (PrECs) and prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP, VCaP and 22Rv1 were used to examine context dependent restriction and activation of the AR and classical target genes, such as KLK3. Genome-wide gene expression analyses and single cell protein analyses were applied to study the effect of different contexts.
Results: A variety of growth conditions were tested and found unable to activate AR expression and transcription of classical androgen-dependent AR target genes, such as KLK3, in prostate epithelial cells with basal cell features or in mesenchymal type prostate cells. The restriction of androgen and AR dependent transcription of classical target genes in prostate basal epithelial cells was at the level of AR expression. Exogenous AR expression was sufficient for androgen-dependent transcription of AR target genes in prostate basal epithelial EP156T-AR cells, but did not exert a positive feedback on endogenous AR expression. Mesenchymal type prostate EPT3-AR cells with exogenous AR expression, in contrast to epithelial type EP156T-AR cells, were androgen non-responsive and were unable to produce detectable PSA in the culture supernatants even with higher levels of exogenous AR protein than in EP156T-AR and LNCaP cells for up to 2 weeks in androgen containing growth medium. The restricted PSA expression in the mesenchymal context suggests that if ADT increases the pool of mesenchymal type prostate cancer cells, then this might go undetected during PSA monitoring of disease progression.
Citation Format: Jan Roger Olsen, Waqas Azeem, Margrete R. Hellem, Kristo Marvyin, Yaping Hua, Yi Qu, Lisha Li, Biaoyang Lin, XiSong Ke, Anne Margrete Oyan, Karl-Henning Kalland. Context dependent regulatory patterns of the androgen receptor (AR) and androgen receptor target genes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1824.