bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirically testing the effectiveness of thermal imaging as a tool for identification of large mammals in the African bushveldt
Authors: Goodenough Anne E. , Carpenter William S. , MacTavish Lynne , MacTavish Dougal , Theron Charles , Hart Adam G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMonitoring animal populations often relies on direct visual observations. This is problematic at night when spotlighting can cause misidentification and inaccurate counting. Using infrared thermography (IRT) could potentially solve these difficulties, but reliability is uncertain. Here, we test the accuracy of 24 observers, differing in experience and skill levels, in identifying antelope species from IRT photographs taken in the African bush. Overall, 38% of identifications were correct to species level, and 50% were correct to genus/subfamily level. Identification accuracy depended on the confidence and skill of the observer (positive relationship), the number of animals present (positive relationship), and the distance at which it was taken (negative relationship). Species with characteristic features, horn morphology, or posture were identified with ~80% accuracy (e.g. wildebeest, kudu and impala) while others were considerably lower (e.g. blesbok and waterbuck). Experience significantly improved identification accuracy but the effect was not consistent between species and even experienced observers struggled to identify red hartebeest, reedbuck and eland. Counting inaccuracies were commonplace, particularly when group size was large. We conclude that thermal characteristics of species and experience of observers can pose challenges for African field ecologists, but IRT can be used to identify and count some species accurately, especially <100 m.
Training Improves Vibrotactile Spatial Acuity and Intensity Discrimination on the Lower Back Using Coin Motors
Authors: Stronks H. Christiaan , Walker Janine , Parker Daniel J. , Barnes Nick 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTactile vision substitution devices are assistive technologies for the blind that redirect visual information to the tactile sense. They typically include a tactile display that conveys visual information to the skin. Two important parameters that determine the maximum information bandwidth of tactile displays are the spatial acuity of the skin, and the ability of the user to discriminate between stimulus intensities. These two parameters were investigated by determining the two‐point discrimination (TPD) threshold and the just‐noticeable intensity difference (JND) using coin motors on the lower back. Coin motors are eccentric rotating‐mass motors that are affordable, energy‐efficient, and easy to implement. The lower back was chosen because it is a discreet place to wear assistive technology. It is generally available for use, as it is usually not critically involved in activities of daily living. Rehabilitation with sensory substitution devices often requires training by professional occupational therapists, because the user needs to extract visual information from sparse information presented through an alternative channel such as the skin. In this study they determined whether short, automated training sessions of 5 min each could improve the TPD threshold and JND. It was found that 10 min of computer‐assisted training improved the vibrotactile TPD threshold on the lower back by 36%, and that 18 min of training improved the just‐noticeable intensity difference (JND) by 44%. It was concluded that short, automated training sessions could provide a fast and inexpensive means to improve people's basic spatial acuity and intensity discrimination skills with coin motors.
Managing consequences of climate‐driven species redistribution requires integration of ecology, conservation and social science
Authors: Bonebrake Timothy C. , Brown Christopher J. , Bell Johann D. , Blanchard Julia L. , Chauvenet Alienor , Champion Curtis , Chen I‐Ching , Clark Timothy D. , Colwell Robert K. , Danielsen Finn , Dell Anthony I. , Donelson Jennifer M. , Evengård Birgitta , Ferrier Simon , Frusher Stewart , Garcia Raquel A. , Griffis Roger B. , Hobday Alistair J. , Jarzyna Marta A. , Lee Emma , Lenoir Jonathan , Linnetved Hlif , Martin Victoria Y. , McCormack Phillipa C. , McDonald Jan , McDonald‐Madden Eve , Mitchell Nicola , Mustonen Tero , Pandolfi John M. , Pettorelli Nathalie , Possingham Hugh , Pulsifer Peter , Reynolds Mark , Scheffers Brett R. , Sorte Cascade J. B. , Strugnell Jan M. , Tuanmu Mao‐Ning , Twiname Samantha , Vergés Adriana , Villanueva Cecilia , Wapstra Erik , Wernberg Thomas , Pecl Gretta T. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTClimate change is driving a pervasive global redistribution of the planet's species. Species redistribution poses new questions for the study of ecosystems, conservation science and human societies that require a coordinated and integrated approach. Here we review recent progress, key gaps and strategic directions in this nascent research area, emphasising emerging themes in species redistribution biology, the importance of understanding underlying drivers and the need to anticipate novel outcomes of changes in species ranges. We highlight that species redistribution has manifest implications across multiple temporal and spatial scales and from genes to ecosystems. Understanding range shifts from ecological, physiological, genetic and biogeographical perspectives is essential for informing changing paradigms in conservation science and for designing conservation strategies that incorporate changing population connectivity and advance adaptation to climate change. Species redistributions present challenges for human well‐being, environmental management and sustainable development. By synthesising recent approaches, theories and tools, our review establishes an interdisciplinary foundation for the development of future research on species redistribution. Specifically, we demonstrate how ecological, conservation and social research on species redistribution can best be achieved by working across disciplinary boundaries to develop and implement solutions to climate change challenges. Future studies should therefore integrate existing and complementary scientific frameworks while incorporating social science and human‐centred approaches. Finally, we emphasise that the best science will not be useful unless more scientists engage with managers, policy makers and the public to develop responsible and socially acceptable options for the global challenges arising from species redistributions.
Longitudinal Associations Among Reading‐Related Skills and Reading Comprehension: A Twin Study
Authors: Erbeli Florina , Hart Sara A. , Taylor Jeanette 
Published: June 2017

This study investigated the etiology of longitudinal relations among kindergarten prereading skills, first‐grade word level reading skills, and seventh‐grade reading comprehension in 265 monozygotic and 459 dizygotic twin pairs (Mage = 6.29 years in kindergarten) from the Florida Twin Project on Reading. Using a quadvariate Cholesky decomposition, results showed genetic, shared, and nonshared environmental overlap among prereading skills, word level reading skills, and reading comprehension. In addition, genetic and shared environmental overlap was indicated among word level reading skills and reading comprehension, outside the influence of prereading skills. After accounting for overlapping, there remained moderate genetic and nonshared environmental influence specific to reading comprehension. Implications for reading education are discussed.
Negotiating In/visibility: The Political Economy of Lesbian Activism and Rights Advocacy
Authors: Hildebrandt Timothy , Chua Lynette J. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTEfforts to address HIV/AIDS have brought new opportunities and resources to LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender) activism in many parts of the developing world. However, increased attention in terms of both political opportunities and economic resources is uneven across the diverse population of LGBT peoples and activists. Lesbian activists have reaped far fewer benefits than their gay men counterparts. Building on existing approaches to movement visibility and invisibility, we posit a ‘political economy of in/visibility’ to analyse lesbian activism in China and Myanmar, where activists face particularly restrictive political and economic conditions. Rather than focus on visibility as a movement pre‐condition, objective or strategy, we examine the sources of in/visibility and their interactions with activists’ agency; in/visibility emerges from political and economic conditions, but is continuously reshaped by activists who negotiate them. We demonstrate that, despite challenges, lesbian activists respond in ways that help advance LGBT rights advocacy broadly, sometimes even with tactics that their more visible gay counterparts avoid. These interactions subsequently influence the conditions that shape in/visibility. Investigating the political economy of in/visibility, therefore, has significant implications for understanding not only lesbian activism, but also LGBT advocacy and collective mobilization, especially under politically and economically restrictive conditions.
A critical assessment of estimating census population size from genetic population size (or vice versa) in three fishes
Authors: Yates Matthew Carl , Bernos Thais A. , Fraser Dylan J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTechnological and methodological advances have facilitated the use of genetic data to infer census population size (Nc) in natural populations, particularly where traditional mark‐and‐recapture is challenging. The effective number of breeders (Nb) describes how many adults effectively contribute to a cohort and is often correlated with Nc. Predicting Nc from Nb or vice versa in species with overlapping generations has important implications for conservation by permitting (i) estimation of the more difficult to quantify variable and (ii) inferences of Nb/Nc relationships in related species lacking data. We quantitatively synthesized Nb/Nc relationships in three salmonid fishes where sufficient data have recently accumulated. Mixed‐effects models were analysed in which each variable was included as a dependent variable or predictor term (Nb from Nc and vice versa). Species‐dependent Nb/Nc slope estimates were significantly positive in two of three species. Variation in species slopes was likely due to varying life histories and reinforce caution when inferring Nb/Nc from taxonomically related species. Models provided maximum probable estimates for Nb and Nc for two species. However, study, population and year effects explained substantial amounts of variation (39%–57%). Consequently, prediction intervals were wide and included or were close to zero for all population sizes and species; model predictive utility was limited. Cost‐benefit trade‐offs when estimating Nb and/or Nc were also discussed using a real‐world system example. Our findings based on salmonids suggest that no short cuts currently exist when estimating population size and researchers should focus on quantifying the variable of interest or be aware of caveats when inferring the desired variable because of cost or logistics. We caution that the salmonid species examined share life‐history traits that may obscure relationships between Nb and Nc. Sufficient data on other taxa were unavailable; additional research examining Nb/Nc relationships in species with potentially relevant life‐history trait differences (e.g., differing survival curves) is needed.
Controlling for genetic identity of varieties, pollen contamination and stigma receptivity is essential to characterize the self‐incompatibility system of Olea europaea L.
Authors: Saumitou‐Laprade Pierre , Vernet Philippe , Vekemans Xavier , Castric Vincent , Barcaccia Gianni , Khadari Bouchaïb , Baldoni Luciana 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBervillé et al. express concern about the existence of the diallelic self‐incompatibility (DSI) system in Olea europaea, mainly because our model does not account for results from previous studies from their group that claimed to have documented asymmetry of the incompatibility response in reciprocal crosses. In this answer to their comment, we present original results based on reciprocal stigma tests that contradict conclusions from these studies. We show that, in our hands, not a single case of asymmetry was confirmed, endorsing that symmetry of incompatibility reactions seems to be the rule in Olive. We discuss three important aspects that were not taken into account in the studies cited in their comments and that can explain the discrepancy: (i) the vast uncertainty around the actual genetic identity of vernacular varieties, (ii) the risk of massive contamination associated with the pollination protocols that they used and (iii) the importance of checking for stigma receptivity in controlled crosses. These studies were thus poorly genetically controlled, and we stand by our original conclusion that Olive tree exhibits DSI.
Using a well‐being approach to develop a framework for an integrated socio‐economic evaluation of professional fishing
Authors: Voyer Michelle , Barclay Kate , McIlgorm Alistair , Mazur Nicole 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development and Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management require that fisheries be managed for social as well as environmental and economic objectives. Comprehensive assessments of the success of fisheries in achieving all three objectives are, however, rare. There are three main barriers to achieving integrated assessments of fisheries. Firstly, disciplinary divides can be considered “too hard” to bridge with inherent conflicts between the predominately empirical and deductive traditions of economics and biophysical sciences and the inductive and interpretative approach of much of the social sciences. Secondly, understanding of the social pillar of sustainability is less well developed. And finally, in‐depth analysis of the social aspects of sustainability often involves qualitative analysis and there are practical difficulties in integrating this with largely quantitative economic and ecological assessments. This article explores the social well‐being approach as a framework for an integrated evaluation of the social and economic benefits that communities in New South Wales, Australia, receive from professional fish harvesting. Using a review of existing literature and qualitative interviews with more than 160 people associated with the fishing industry the project was able to identify seven key domains of community well‐being to which the industry contributes. Identification of these domains provided a framework through which industry contributions could be further explored, through quantitative surveys and economic analysis. This framework enabled successful integration of social and economic, and both qualitative and quantitative information in a manner that enabled a comprehensive assessment of the value of the fishery.
Toll‐like receptor 2 antagonists identified through virtual screening and experimental validation
Authors: Durai Prasannavenkatesh , Shin Hyeon‐Jun , Achek Asma , Kwon Hyuk‐Kwon , Govindaraj Rajiv Gandhi , Panneerselvam Suresh , Yesudhas Dhanusha , Choi Jiwon , No Kyoung Tai , Choi Sangdun 
Published: June 2017

Toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2) antagonists are key therapeutic targets because they inhibit several inflammatory diseases caused by surplus TLR2 activation. In this study, we identified two novel nonpeptide TLR2 antagonists, C11 and C13, through pharmacophore‐based virtual screening. At 10 μm, the level of interleukin (IL)‐8 inhibition by C13 and C11 in human embryonic kidney TLR2 overexpressing cells was comparable to the commercially available TLR2 inhibitor CU‐CPT22. In addition, C11 and C13 acted in mouse macrophage‐like RAW 264.7 cells as TLR2‐specific inhibitors and did not suppress the tumor necrosis factor‐α induction by TLR3 and TLR4 activators. Moreover, the two identified compounds bound directly to the human recombinant TLR2 ectodomain, during surface plasmon resonance analysis, and did not affect cell viability in a 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐5(3‐carboxymethonyphenol)‐2‐(4‐sulfophenyl)‐2H‐tetrazolium assay. In total, two virtually screened molecules, C11 and C13, were experimentally proven to be effective as TLR2 antagonists, and thus will provide new insights into the structure of TLR2 antagonists, and pave the way for the development of TLR2‐targeted drug molecules.
Estimation of tissue and crevicular fluid oxidative stress marker in premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis
Authors: Chandra Rampalli Viswa , Sailaja Sistla , Reddy Aileni Amarender 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to estimate tissue and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) levels of the oxidative stress marker 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG) in premenopausal, perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with chronic periodontitis.BackgroundOxidative stress has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis and menopause induces oxidative stress.Materials and methodsAccording to Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop (STRAW) criteria, women diagnosed with periodontitis were subdivided into three groups of 31 participants each 1. Premenopausal 2. Perimenopausal and 3. Postmenopausal. GCF and gingival tissue samples were collected from sites with maximum probing depth. Tissue DNA was extracted from the gingival sample and 8‐OHdG in the extracted DNA, and GCF samples were measured using ELISA.ResultsThere was a highly significant difference in the overall GCF 8‐OHdG levels among the three groups with the pairwise difference being highly significant between the premenopausal‐postmenopausal groups and perimenopausal‐postmenopausal groups. However, no overall significant differences in tissue 8‐OHdG levels were found among the three groups. Pairwise, highly significant differences were found between the premenopausal‐postmenopausal groups and perimenopausal‐postmenopausal groups for tissue 8‐OHdG levels. No significant correlations were found between various measure of periodontal disease and GCF/tissue 8‐OHdG levels among all the groups.ConclusionPremenopausal‐postmenopausal and perimenopausal‐postmenopausal transition resulted in significant increase in tissue and GCF 8‐OHdG levels. However, no association was found between stages of reproductive ageing and tissue levels of 8‐OHdG.
Mucinous cystic neoplasms of the liver and pancreas: relationship between KRAS driver mutations and disease progression
Authors: Fujikura Kohei , Akita Masayuki , Abe‐Suzuki Shiho , Itoh Tomoo , Zen Yoh 
Published: June 2017

AimsTo compare the oncogenic mutation status among mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) of different histological grades and between liver and pancreatic MCNs.Methods and resultsKRAS, GNAS, RNF43 and PIK3CA were sequenced in 25 surgical cases of hepatopancreatic MCN. Molecular features were correlated with clinicopathological and immunohistochemical findings. KRAS mutations were identified in five cases (20%), whereas GNAS, RNF43 and PIK3CA were wild‐type in all cases. KRAS mutations were uncommon in cases of low‐grade dysplasia (1/20, 5%), whereas KRAS was mutated in all cases of higher grades, except for one liver MCN with intermediate‐grade dysplasia (4/5, 80%; P = 0.002). This genetic alteration was slightly more frequent in the pancreas than in the liver [4/17 (24%) versus 1/8 (13%), P = not significant]. KRAS‐mutated MCNs more commonly had a multilocular cystic appearance (P = 0.040) and expression of mucin (MUC) 1 (P = 0.040), MUC2 (P = 0.016) and MUC5AC (P = 0.015) than KRAS‐wild‐type tumours. In cases of KRAS‐mutated MCNs with intermediate‐grade or high‐grade dysplasia, identical mutations were also detected in areas of adjacent low‐grade dysplasia.ConclusionsKRAS mutations appear to be major driver genetic alterations in both liver and pancreatic MCNs. As identical KRAS mutations were present in low‐grade and higher‐grade areas in individual cases, KRAS mutations occurring in low‐grade MCNs may lead to tumour progression. Thus, preoperative KRAS testing may contribute to estimations of malignant potential. The lower incidence of KRAS mutations in liver MCNs may also explain why the risk of malignant transformation in liver MCNs is lower than that in pancreatic MCNs.
A comparison of p53 and WT1 immunohistochemical expression patterns in tubo‐ovarian high‐grade serous carcinoma before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Casey Laura , Köbel Martin , Ganesan Raji , Tam Simone , Prasad Rajeev , Böhm Steffen , Lockley Michelle , Jeyarajah Arjun J , Brockbank Eleanor , Faruqi Asma , Gilks C Blake , Singh Naveena 
Published: June 2017

AimsThe treatment of patients with tubo‐ovarian high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is increasingly based on diagnosis on small biopsy samples, and the first surgical sample is often taken post‐chemotherapy. p53 and WT1 are important diagnostic markers for HGSC. The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on p53 and WT1 expression has not been widely studied. We aimed to compare p53 and WT1 expression in paired pre‐chemotherapy and post‐chemotherapy samples of HGSC.Methods and resultsImmunohistochemistry (IHC) was carried out for p53 and WT1 on paired omental HGSC samples pre‐chemotherapy and post‐chemotherapy. p53 IHC was recorded as normal (wild‐type) or abnormal (mutation‐type), and was further classified as overexpression, complete absence, or cytoplasmic. WT1 IHC was classified as positive or negative. A subset of cases were further assessed for the extent of nuclear immunoreactivity of WT1 by use of the H‐score. Fifty‐seven paired samples were stained with p53. Fifty‐six of 57 (98%) cases showed mutation‐type p53 staining. Pre‐chemotherapy and post‐chemotherapy IHC results were concordant in 55 of 57 (96%) cases. For WT1, pre‐chemotherapy and post‐chemotherapy IHC results were concordant in 56 of 58 (97%) cases. In 23 paired WT1 cases, the mean post‐treatment H‐score decreased from 227 [range 20–298, standard deviation (SD) 64] to 151 (range 0–288, SD 78) (P = 0.0008).ConclusionsImmunohistochemical expression of p53 (abnormal/mutation‐type pattern) and WT1 in HGSC is almost universal and is largely concordant before and after chemotherapy. This finding underscores the reliability of these diagnostic markers in small samples and in surgical samples following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with very few exceptions. A novel finding was the significant diminution in intensity of WT1 staining following chemotherapy.
Strength enhancement of ultralight alumina‐dried foams from particle‐stabilized foams with assistance of agar and PVA
Authors: Huo Wenlong , Chen Yugu , Yang Jinlong , Huang Yong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe weak compressive strength of dried ceramic foams is a disadvantage of fabricating ultralight ceramic foams, especially for the ceramic foams with porosity exceeding 95%. In this study, dried alumina foams were enhanced by agar and PVA‐freezing‐thawing using sodium dodecyl sulfate as surfactant. It is found that the two additives have no negative influence on adsorption of sodium dodecyl sulfate on alumina particles as well as the hydrophobic character of alumina particles. Stable alumina particle‐stabilized foams were prepared with less than 0.5 wt% agar and 1.0 wt% PVA. High additive concentration above the critical values weakens stability of wet foams, which is probably due to the aggregate of alumina particles caused by long‐chain molecules connecting. The compressive strength of dried alumina foams has a significant improvement with the employment of agar and PVA‐freezing‐thawing. The dried foams prepared with 1wt% PVA assisted by freezing‐thawing has porosity of 97.1% and compressive strength of 0.16 MPa, which could maintain integrity of dried foams without destruction in the fabricating process.