bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of tumor size as a prognostic factor after partial liver resection for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma: Implications on the current AJCC staging system
Authors: Goh Brian K. P. , Teo Jin‐Yao , Chan Chung‐Yip , Lee Ser‐Yee , Jeyaraj Premaraj , Cheow Peng‐Chung , Chow Pierce K. H. , Ooi London L. P. J. , Chung Alexander Y. F. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundPresently, the impact of tumors size as a prognostic factor after curative liver resection (LR) for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial. This study was performed to determine the prognostic factors of patients undergoing LR for solitary HCC with special emphasis on the importance of tumor size.MethodsBetween 2000 and 2013, 560 patients underwent curative LR for solitary primary HCC which met the study criteria.ResultsOne‐hundred and seventy‐eight patients underwent major hepatectomies and the overall in‐hospital mortality was 2.0%. There were 282 patients (50.4%) with liver cirrhosis. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 64% and recurrence free survival (RFS) was 50%, respectively. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that cirrhosis, microvascular invasion and size were independent predictors of RFS and cirrhosis, microvascular invasion and age were independent prognostic factors of OS. Subset analysis demonstrated that tumor size was a prognostic factor for solitary HCC with microvascular invasion (AJCC T2) but not solitary HCC without microvascular invasion (AJCC T1).ConclusionsSize, microvascular invasion, and cirrhosis are independent prognostic factors of RFS for solitary HCC after LR. Tumor size is an important prognostic factor in T2 but not T1 solitary tumors. These findings suggest that the current AJCC TNM staging system may need to be revised. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:89–93. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of polymorphisms in translesion synthesis genes with prognosis of advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Zhang Xuelin , Chen Qun , Chen Jia , He Chunya , Mao Jianlin , Dai Yuechu , Yang Xi , Hu Wei , Zhu Chengchu , Chen Baofu 
Published: November 2015

Background and ObjectivesTranslesion synthesis (TLS) polymerases enable cells to bypass or overcome DNA damage during DNA replication and contributes to genomic instability and cancer. Inhibition of the expression of TLS genes enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells to cisplatin. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the TLS genes and clinical outcome of advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy.MethodsA total of 16 SNPs were genotyped and analyzed in 302 advanced NSCLC patients (discovery set), and the results were further validated in additional 428 NSCLC patients (validation set).ResultsAnalyses revealed significant associations of two SNPs, rs3213801 and rs3792136, with overall survival, with the lowest combined P values of 0.003 and 0.016, respectively. These effects also remained in stratification analyses by clinical variables. Furthermore, the number of risk genotypes of the two SNPs showed a cumulative effect on overall survival (P = 0.03).ConclusionsGenetic polymorphisms in the TLS genes might serve as potential predictive biomarkers of prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients treated with platinum‐based chemotherapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:17–23. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Laser‐assisted delivery of vitamin C, vitamin E, and ferulic acid formula serum decreases fractional laser postoperative recovery by increased beta fibroblast growth factor expression
Authors: Waibel Jill S. , Mi Qing‐Sheng , Ozog David , Qu Le , Zhou Li , Rudnick Ashley , Al‐Niaimi Firas , Woodward Julie , Campos Valerie , Mordon Serge 
Published: November 2015

Background and ObjectiveLaser‐assisted drug delivery is an emerging technology to achieve greater penetration by existing topical medications to reach desired targets in the tissue. The objective of this research was to study whether laser‐assisted delivery of Vitamin C, E, and Ferulic immediately postoperatively of fractional ablative laser could improve wound healing. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the potential molecular markers involved in this wound‐healing process.Study Design/Material and MethodsA double blinded, prospective, single center, randomized split face trial of Vitamin C, E, and Ferulic topical formula #740019 to decrease postoperative recovery time in fractional ablative laser resurfacing for photo damage. Fifteen healthy men and women of ages 30–55 years were treated with the Vitamin C, E, and Ferulic acid serum to one side of face and vehicle to the other side of face, within 2 minutes immediately after fractional ablative CO2 laser surgery and daily during the healing process. Patients were evaluated daily on days 1–7 using photographs, patient questionnaires, and molecular evaluation.ResultsClinically, postoperative Vitamin C, E, and Ferulic delivery resulted in decreased edema versus vehicle on postoperative day 7 and decreased erythema versus vehicle on postoperative days 3 and 5. Molecularly, the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was significantly increased at day 5 on the lesion treated with Vitamin C, E, and Ferulic acid serum compared to vehicle control on the other side.ConclusionThis is first study to show that Vitamin C, E, and Ferulic acid correlate with more rapid wound healing post‐fractional ablative laser. Elevated bFGF could be involved in the Vitamin C, E, and Ferulic acid‐induced rapid wound healing. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:238–244, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Supramolecular Gel Approach to Minimize the Neural Cell Damage during Cryopreservation Process
Authors: Zeng Jie , Yin Yixia , Zhang Li , Hu Wanghui , Zhang Chaocan , Chen Wanyu 
Published: November 2015

The storage method for living cells is one of the major challenges in cell‐based applications. Here, a novel supramolecular gel cryopreservation system (BDTC gel system) is introduced, which can observably increase the neural cell viability during cryopreservation process because this system can (1) confine the ice crystal growth in the porous of BDTC gel system, (2) decrease the amount of ice crystallization and cryopreservation system's freezing point, and (3) reduce the change rates of cell volumes and osmotic shock. In addition, thermoreversible BDTC supramolecular gel is easy to be removed after thawing so it does not hinder the adherence, growth, and proliferation of cells. The results of functionality assessments indicate that BDTC gel system can minimize the neural cell damage during cryopreservation process. This method will be potentially applied in cryopreservation of other cell types, tissues, or organs and will benefit cell therapy, tissue engineering, and organs transplantation.
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Development of Non‐Cell Adhesive Vascular Grafts Using Supramolecular Building Blocks
Authors: van Almen Geert C. , Talacua Hanna , Ippel Bastiaan D. , Mollet Björne B. , Ramaekers Mellany , Simonet Marc , Smits Anthal I. P. M. , Bouten Carlijn V. C. , Kluin Jolanda , Dankers Patricia Y. W. 
Published: November 2015

Cell‐free approaches to in situ tissue engineering require materials that are mechanically stable and are able to control cell‐adhesive behavior upon implantation. Here, the development of mechanically stable grafts with non‐cell adhesive properties via a mix‐and‐match approach using ureido‐pyrimidinone (UPy)‐modified supramolecular polymers is reported. Cell adhesion is prevented in vitro through mixing of end‐functionalized or chain‐extended UPy‐polycaprolactone (UPy‐PCL or CE‐UPy‐PCL, respectively) with end‐functionalized UPy‐poly(ethylene glycol) (UPy‐PEG) at a ratio of 90:10. Further characterization reveals intimate mixing behavior of UPy‐PCL with UPy‐PEG, but poor mechanical properties, whereas CE‐UPy‐PCL scaffolds are mechanically stable. As a proof‐of‐concept for the use of non‐cell adhesive supramolecular materials in vivo, electrospun vascular scaffolds are applied in an aortic interposition rat model, showing reduced cell infiltration in the presence of only 10% of UPy‐PEG. Together, these results provide the first steps toward advanced supramolecular biomaterials for in situ vascular tissue engineering with control over selective cell capturing.
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Rapid fat suppression for three‐dimensional echo planar imaging with minimized specific absorption rate
Authors: Stirnberg Rüdiger , Brenner Daniel , Stöcker Tony , Shah N. Jon 
Published: November 2015

PurposeTo investigate a method for rapid water excitation with minimal radiofrequency power deposition for efficient functional MRI at ultrahigh fields.Theory and MethodsThe suitability of the spectral response of a single rectangular radiofrequency pulse (rect) as a replacement of conventional fat saturation in segmented three‐dimensional (3D) echo planar imaging (EPI) is explored. A pulse duration formula for lipid signal nulling independent of the small‐tip‐angle approximation is derived and tested by means of simulations and experiments at 3 and 7 Tesla (T).ResultsCompared with conventional binomial‐11 water excitation, the single rect method is more selective and less sensitive to shim imperfections. In functional MRI, a significant measurement speedup (25%) and specific absorption rate reduction (from 44% to 1% at 7T) compared with conventional fat saturation are achieved. Furthermore, magnetization transfer effects are reduced resulting in up to 25% higher brain tissue signal‐to‐noise ratio.ConclusionThe proposed method is well suited for whole‐brain functional MRI, not only at ultra‐high fields, as it maximizes the sensitivity per unit time and at the same time minimizes radiofrequency power deposition. It requires little implementation effort and may thus be used in other spatially nonselective imaging methods that require fat suppression at minimal specific absorption rate and time requirements. Magn Reson Med 76:1517–1523, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
High porosity, responsive hydrogel copolymers from emulsion templating
Authors: Ovadia Maya , Silverstein Michael S 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHydrogels, three‐dimensional hydrophilic polymer network structures, can absorb many times their dry weight in water. PolyHIPEs are highly porous polymers synthesized within high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs). Here, the water uptakes in novel hydrogel polyHIPE copolymers of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA, a non‐ionic monomer) and methacrylic acid (MAA, an ionic monomer) were investigated. The PHEMA‐based polyHIPE had a density of 0.14 g cm−3, void diameters of 50–100 µm and a void‐dominated Fickian water uptake of around 10.4 g g−1. The polyHIPE density increased, and the porous structure became less polyHIPE‐like, with increasing MAA content, reflecting a reduction in the stability of the HIPE. The water uptake increased with increasing pH for all the copolymers and the water absorption mechanism changed from Fickian at pH 2 to anomalous, dominantly case II, at pH 10. The maximum uptake of 18.2 g g−1 at pH 10, for a HEMA to MAA mass ratio of 1/1, was ascribed to hydrogel‐swelling‐driven void expansion. The hydrogel's absorptive and responsive properties were amplified by the polyHIPE's porous structure. These results demonstrate that the compositions of hydrogel polyHIPE copolymers can be designed to enhance their water uptake. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
3D‐printed external light trap for solar cells
Authors: Dijk Lourens van , Paetzold Ulrich W. , Blab Gerhard A. , Schropp Ruud E. I. , di Vece Marcel 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe present a universally applicable 3D‐printed external light trap for enhanced absorption in solar cells. The macroscopic external light trap is placed at the sun‐facing surface of the solar cell and retro‐reflects the light that would otherwise escape. The light trap consists of a reflective parabolic concentrator placed on top of a reflective cage. Upon placement of the light trap, an improvement of 15% of both the photocurrent and the power conversion efficiency in a thin‐film nanocrystalline silicon (nc‐Si:H) solar cell is measured. The trapped light traverses the solar cell several times within the reflective cage thereby increasing the total absorption in the cell. Consequently, the trap reduces optical losses and enhances the absorption over the entire spectrum. The components of the light trap are 3D printed and made of smoothened, silver‐coated thermoplastic. In contrast to conventional light trapping methods, external light trapping leaves the material quality and the electrical properties of the solar cell unaffected. To explain the theoretical operation of the external light trap, we introduce a model that predicts the absorption enhancement in the solar cell by the external light trap. The corresponding calculated path length enhancement shows good agreement with the empirically derived value from the opto‐electrical data of the solar cell. Moreover, we analyze the influence of the angle of incidence on the parasitic absorptance to obtain full understanding of the trap performance. © 2015 The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the interplay of cell thickness and optimum period of silicon thin‐film solar cells: light trapping and plasmonic losses
Authors: Tamang Asman , Sai Hitoshi , Jovanov Vladislav , Hossain Mohammad I. , Matsubara Koji , Knipp Dietmar 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLight trapping and photon management in honeycomb‐textured microcrystalline silicon solar cells are investigated experimentally and by modeling of the manufacturing process and the optical wave propagation. The solar cells on honeycomb‐textured substrates exhibit short circuit current densities exceeding 30 mA/cm2 and energy conversion efficiencies of up to 11.0%. By controlling the fabrication process, the period and height of the honeycomb‐textured substrates are varied. The influence of the honeycomb substrate morphology on the interfaces of the individual solar cell layers and the quantum efficiency is determined. The optical wave propagation is calculated using 3D finite difference time domain simulations. A very good agreement between the optical simulation and experimental results is obtained. Strategies are discussed on how to increase the short circuit current density beyond 30 mA/cm2. In particular, the influence of plasmonic losses of the textured silver (Ag) reflector on the short circuit current and quantum efficiency of the solar cell is discussed. Finally, solar cell structures with reduced plasmonic losses are proposed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
13.3% efficient solution deposited Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells processed with different sodium salt sources
Authors: Berner Ulrich , Colombara Diego , de Wild Jessica , Robert Erika V.C. , Schütze Martin , Hergert Frank , Valle Nathalie , Widenmeyer Markus , Dale Phillip J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn this work, we obtain the highest reported power conversion efficiency (13.3%) for sulfur‐free CIGSe solar cells by solution processing. Intentional sodium incorporation is achieved directly by dissolving sodium salts in the ink. The effect on solar cell properties of three sodium sources is investigated: NaCl, NaHCO2, and NaSCN. A comparison is made with absorbers grown on soda‐lime glass substrates and in the absence of sodium sources. The incorporation via sodium salts yields significantly better results, which is attributed to enhanced‐sodium availability. A comparison with identically annealed sputtered metal precursor layers capable of delivering 15.1% module efficiency suggests that the cell results are limited by the selenization procedure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incidence and characteristics of early childhood wheezing, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2004–2010
Authors: Dawood Fatimah S. , Fry Alicia M. , Goswami Doli , Sharmeen Amina , Nahar Kamrun , Anjali Bilkis Ara , Rahman Mustafizur , Brooks W. Abdullah 
Published: November 2015

SummaryBackgroundEarly childhood wheezing substantially impacts quality of life in high‐income countries, but data are sparse on early childhood wheezing in low‐income countries. We estimate wheezing incidence, describe wheezing phenotypes, and explore the contribution of respiratory viral illnesses among children aged <5 years in urban Bangladesh.MethodsDuring 2004–2010, respiratory illness surveillance was conducted through weekly home visits. Children with fever or respiratory illness were referred for examination by study physicians including lung auscultation. During 2005–2007, every fifth referred child had nasal washes tested for human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial viruses, and influenza and parainfluenza viruses.ResultsDuring April 2004–July 2010, 23,609 children were enrolled in surveillance. Of these, 11,912 (50%) were male, median age at enrollment was 20 months (IQR 5–38), and 4,711 (20%) had ≥1 wheezing episode accounting for 8,901 episodes (733 [8%] associated with hospitalization); 25% wheezed at <1 year of age. Among children aged <5 years, incidences of wheezing and wheezing hospitalizations were 2,335/10,000 and 192/10,000 child‐years. Twenty‐eight percent had recurrent wheezing. Recurrent versus non‐recurrent wheezing episodes were more likely to be associated with oxygen saturation <93% (OR 6.9, 95%CI 2.8–17.3), increased work of breathing (OR 1.6, 95%CI 1.4–1.8), and hospitalization (OR 2.0, 95%CI 1.6–2.4). Respiratory viruses were detected in 66% (578/873) of episodes with testing.ConclusionIn urban Bangladesh, early childhood wheezing is common and largely associated with respiratory virus infections. Recurrent wheezing is associated with more severe illness and may predict children who would benefit most from closer follow‐up and targeted interventions. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:588–595. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Landscape effects on the abundance and larval diet of the polyphagous pest Helicoverpa armigera in cotton fields in North Benin
Authors: Tsafack Noelline , Alignier Audrey , Head Graham P , Kim Jae H , Goulard Michel , Menozzi Philippe , Ouin Annie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe noctuid Helicoverpa armigera is one of the key cotton pests in the Old World. One possible pest regulation method may be the management of host crop in the landscapes. For polyphagous pests such as H. armigera, crop diversity and rotations can offer sequential and alternate resources that may enhance abundance. We explore the impact of landscape composition and host crop diversity on the abundance and natal host plant use of H. armigera in northern Benin.RESULTSHost plant diversity at the largest scale examined (500 m diameter) was positively correlated with H. armigera abundance. Host plant diversity and the cover of tomato crops were the most important variables in relation to high abundance of H. armigera. Host plant (cotton, maize, tomato, sorghum) proportions and C3 versus C4 plants did not consistently correlate positively with H. armigera abundance. Moth proportion derived from cotton‐fed larvae was low, 15% in 2011 and 11% in 2012, and not significantly related to H. armigera abundance.CONCLUSIONCotton crop cover was not significantly related to H. armigera abundance and may be considered as a sink crop. Landscape composition and sequential availability of host plants should be considered as keys factors for further studies on H. armigera regulation. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
The ‘bother’ of obstructed defecation
Authors: Alam P. , Guzman Rojas R. , Kamisan Atan I. , Mann K. , Dietz H. P. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the relationship of visual analog scale (VAS) ‘bother’ scores for obstructed defecation (OD) with demographic data, physical examination and sonographic findings of the posterior compartment.MethodsAll patients seen at a urogynecology clinic between January and October 2013 were included. Patients were diagnosed with OD if they had any of the following: incomplete bowel emptying, straining with bowel movement or need for digitation. Patients used a VAS to rate OD bother on a scale of 0–10 (0, no bother; 10, worst imaginable bother). For each patient, a comprehensive history was obtained, the International Continence Society Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification was performed and four‐dimensional translabial ultrasound volumes were recorded on maximal Valsalva maneuver. Linear and multiple regression models were used to correlate bother VAS scores with demographic, clinical and sonographic findings.ResultsAmong 265 patients included in the analysis, 61% had OD symptoms with a mean VAS bother score of 5.6. OD bother scores were associated with a history of previous prolapse surgery (P = 0.0001), previous hysterectomy (P = 0.0006), descent of the posterior compartment (Bp; P = 0.004) and hiatal dimensions (Pb and Gh + Pb; P = 0.006 and P = 0.004). OD bother was associated with the following sonographic findings: true rectocele (P = 0.01), depth of rectocele (P = 0.04), descent of rectal ampulla (P = 0.02), enterocele (P = 0.03) and rectal intussusception (P < 0.0001).ConclusionsVAS bother scores are associated with both clinical and sonographic measures of posterior compartment descent. Rectal intussusception was most likely to result in highly bothersome symptoms of OD. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Bayes estimates as an approximation to maximum likelihood estimates
Authors: Yamamura Kohji 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRonald A. Fisher, who is the founder of maximum likelihood estimation (ML estimation), criticized the Bayes estimation of using a uniform prior distribution, because we can create estimates arbitrarily if we use Bayes estimation by changing the transformation used before the analysis. Thus, the Bayes estimates lack the scientific objectivity, especially when the amount of data is small. However, we can use the Bayes estimates as an approximation to the objective ML estimates if we use an appropriate transformation that makes the posterior distribution close to a normal distribution. One‐to‐one correspondence exists between a uniform prior distribution under a transformed scale and a non‐uniform prior distribution under the original scale. For this reason, the Bayes estimation of ML estimates is essentially identical to the estimation using Jeffreys prior.
From Campers to Counselors: a Resource for Prospective Genetic Counseling Students
Authors: Wiesman Chana , Rose Esther , Klugman Susan , Schreiber‐Agus Nicole 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWhen thinking about the future of the genetic counseling field, one place to start is with prospective genetic counseling graduate school applicants. Although resources and mentorship opportunities exist for genetic counselors entering the field, the process of deciding on a career, applying to graduate programs, and being admitted can be daunting. As members of the profession, we should take responsibility for ensuring that individuals have the information and resources necessary to make an educated decision about whether genetic counseling is the correct path for them and to take the initial steps along this path. In this article, we present our Genetic Counseling Boot Camp as a model for other genetic counselors to use in developing their own local programs. This type of program can benefit prospective genetic counselors as they begin their professional journeys and can also provide value for the organizers and presenters who are already seasoned in the field.