bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimalist Grammar Transition-Based Parsing
Authors: Stanojević Miloš 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCurrent chart-based parsers of Minimalist Grammars exhibit prohibitively high polynomial complexity that makes them unusable in practice. This paper presents a transition-based parser for Minimalist Grammars that approximately searches through the space of possible derivations by means of beam search, and does so very efficiently: the worst case complexity of building one derivation is $$O(n^2)$$

O
(

n
2

)

and the best case complexity is O(n). This approximated inference can be guided by a trained probabilistic model that can condition on larger context than standard chart-based parsers. The transitions of the parser are very similar to the transitions of bottom-up shift-reduce parsers for Context-Free Grammars, with additional transitions for online reordering of words during parsing in order to make non-projective derivations projective.
Polysemy and Coercion – A Frame-Based Approach Using LTAG and Hybrid Logic
Authors: Babonnaud William , Kallmeyer Laura , Osswald Rainer 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this article, we propose an analysis of polysemy and coercion phenomena using a syntax-semantics interface which combines Lexicalized Tree Adjoining Grammar with frame semantics and Hybrid Logic. We show that this framework allows a straightforward and explicit description of selectional mechanisms as well as coercion processes. We illustrate our approach by applying it to examples discussed in Generative Lexicon Theory [23, 25]. This includes the modeling of dot objects and associated coercion phenomena in our framework, as well as cases of functional coercion triggered by transitive verbs and adjectives.
A proposal of clinical ECG index “vagal score” for determining the mechanism of paroxysmal atrioventricular block
Authors: Komatsu Sayaka , Sumiyoshi Masataka , Miura Seiji , Kimura Yuki , Shiozawa Tomoyuki , Hirano Keiko , Odagiri Fuminori , Tabuchi Haruna , Hayashi Hidemori , Sekita Gaku , Tokano Takashi , Nakazato Yuji , Daida Hiroyuki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundParoxysmal atrioventricular block (P‐AVB) is a well‐known cause of syncope; however, its underlying mechanism is difficult to determine. This study aimed to evaluate a new ECG index, the “vagal score (VS),” to determine the mechanism of P‐AVB.MethodsWe evaluated the VS in 20 patients with P‐AVB (13 men, 7 women; aged 25–78 years [mean, 59.3 years]). The VS was developed by assigning 1 point each for the following: (1) no AVB or intraventricular conduction disturbance on the baseline ECG, (2) PR prolongation immediately before P‐AVB, (3) sinus slowing immediately before P‐AVB, (4) initiation of P‐AVB by PP prolongation, (5) sinus slowing during ventricular asystole, and (6) resumption of AV conduction with PP shortening, and by assigning −1 point each for (7) the initiation of P‐AVB by a premature beat, and (8) resumption of AV conduction by an escape beat. Based on the clinical situations and electrophysiologic findings, we considered the mechanism of P‐AVB as vagally mediated or intrinsic conduction disease (ICD).ResultsThe VS ranged from 5 to −2 points for each patient. Five patients with a definite vagally mediated P‐AVB had high VSs (3–5 points). We observed characteristic ECG findings of ICD consisting of changes in AV conduction by an extrasystole and/or escape beat in only 5 of the 6 patients (83%) with a low VS (1 to −2).ConclusionsThe VS is simple and potentially useful for determining the mechanism of P‐AVB. P‐AVB with a VS ≥3 strongly suggested a vagally mediated mechanism.
Impact of Two Different Antimicrobial Stewardship Methods on Frequency of Streamlining Antimicrobial Agents in Patients with Bacteremia
Authors: Lukaszewicz Bushen Jennifer , Mehta Jimish M. , Hamilton Keith W. , Shawn Binkley  , Timko Daniel R. , Lautenbach Ebbing , Pegues David A. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVETo assess the likelihood of antimicrobial streamlining between 2 antimicrobial stewardship methods.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGLarge academic medical center.METHODSFrequency and time to antimicrobial streamlining were compared during a prior authorization and a prospective audit period. Streamlining was defined as an antimicrobial change to a narrower agent if available or to a broader agent if the isolate was resistant to empiric therapy. Patients included were ≥18 years old with monomicrobial bacteremia with S. aureus, Enterococcus spp., or any aerobic Gram-negative organism.RESULTSA total of 665 cases of bacteremia met inclusion criteria. Frequency of streamlining was similar between periods for all cases of bacteremia (audit vs restriction: 60.7% vs 53.2%; P=.12), S. aureus bacteremia (73.2% vs 76.9%; P=.671), and Enterococcus bacteremia (81.6% vs 71.9%; P=.335). Compared to restriction, the audit period was associated with an increased frequency of streamlining for cases of Gram-negative bacteremia (51.4% vs 35.6%; odds ratio [OR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–3.25), those on the medical service (67.9% vs 53.1%; OR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.09–3.16), and those admitted through the emergency department (71.6% vs 51.4%; OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.24–4.34). Characteristics associated with increased streamlining included: absence of β-lactam allergy (P<.001), Gram-negative bacteremia (P<.001), admission through the emergency department (P=.001), and admission to a medical service (P=.011).CONCLUSIONSCompared with prior authorization, prospective audit increased antimicrobial streamlining for cases of Gram-negative bacteremia, those admitted through the emergency department, and those admitted to a medical but not surgical service.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016:1–7
Prosthetic Joint Infection Following Invasive Dental Procedures and Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Patients With Hip or Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Kao Feng-Chen , Hsu Yao-Chun , Chen Wen-Hui , Lin Jiun-Nong , Lo Ying-Ying , Tu Yuan-Kun 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVESWe aimed to clarify whether invasive dental treatment is associated with increased risk of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) and whether prophylactic antibiotics may lower the infection risk remain unclear.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.PARTICIPANTSAll Taiwanese residents (N=255,568) who underwent total knee or hip arthroplasty between January 1, 1997, and November 30, 2009, were screened.METHODSThe dental cohort consisted of 57,066 patients who received dental treatment and were individually matched 1:1 with the nondental cohort by age, sex, propensity score, and index date. The dental cohort was further divided by the use or nonuse of prophylactic antibiotics. The antibiotic and nonantibiotic subcohorts comprised 6,513 matched pairs.RESULTSPJI occurred in 328 patients (0.57%) in the dental subcohort and 348 patients (0.61%) in the nondental subcohort, with no between-cohort difference in the 1-year cumulative incidence (0.6% in both, P=.3). Multivariate-adjusted Cox regression revealed no association between dental procedures and PJI. Furthermore, PJI occurred in 13 patients (0.2%) in the antibiotic subcohort and 12 patients (0.18%) in the nonantibiotic subcohorts (P=.8). Multivariate-adjusted analyses confirmed that there was no association between the incidence of PJI and prophylactic antibiotics.CONCLUSIONSThe risk of PJI is not increased following dental procedure in patients with hip or knee replacement and is unaffected by antibiotic prophylaxis.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2017;38:154–161
An Optimal Model on Contour of Up-Shifting Tooth for Derailleur System of Bicycle
Authors: Ma Y.-Z. , Chiou S.-J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe relative spatial position of each chain link and the phase angle of engaged tooth are not concerned in traditional sprocket designs. As such, the chain shifting might fail regularly. In this study, an optimized path of one chain for up-shifting is derived. Such path is formed by several bended chain links sustain yaw and roll. Empirically, appropriate bending, yaw and torsion angles for tooth chamfer, could be shorten the up-shifting distance and phase angle required, eventually facilitate not only more ascending points compactly arranged on sprocket but larger chain laterodeviation which curtails sprockets clearance and integrates the sprocket unit. Then again, the optimized shifting path promotes efficiency and decreases required movement yielded by derailleur tappet pressure.
Mechanical Impact on In-Wheel Motor's Performance
Authors: Biček M. , Kunc R. , Zupan S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn-wheel motors offer a promising solution for novel drivetrain architectures that could penetrate into the automotive industry by locating the drive where it is required, directly inside the wheels. As obtainable literature mainly deals with optimization of electromagnetic active parts, the mechanical design of electromagnetically passive parts that indirectly influence motor performance should also be reviewed and characterized for its effect on performance. The following study uniquely evaluates the impact of mechanical design and its dimensional variations to air-gap consistency between on rotor glued magnets and on stator fitted winding, for the most commonly used layout of an in-wheel motor. To meet the optimal performance of an in-wheel motor, the mechanical design requires optimization of housing elements, thermal management, geometrical and a dimensional tolerance check, and proper hub bearing selection to assure consistent electromagnetic properties. This article covers the correlation between desired electromagnetic parameters and required geometrical limitations for ensuring functionality and high performance operation. Major mechanical contributors have been analyzed with analytical calculations, numerical simulations, and verified with different sets of measurements. The relative change of motor physical air-gap size, between the stator and rotor was correlated with electromagnetic flux density.
Micronutrient intake in advanced age: Te Puāwaitanga o Ngā Tapuwae Kia ora Tonu, Life and Living in Advanced Age: A Cohort Study in New Zealand (LiLACS NZ)
Authors: Wham Carol , Teh Ruth , Moyes Simon A. , Rolleston Anna , Muru-Lanning Marama , Hayman Karen , Kerse Ngaire , Adamson Ashley 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA high prevalence of undernutrition has previously been reported in indigenous Māori (49 %) and non-Māori (38 %) octogenarians and may be associated with risk of micronutrient deficiencies. We examined vitamin and mineral intakes and the contributing food sources among 216 Māori and 362 non-Māori participating in Life and Living to Advanced age a Cohort Study in New Zealand, using a repeat 24-h multiple-pass recall. More than half of the Māori and non-Māori participants had intakes below the estimated average requirement from food alone for Ca, Mg and Se. Vitamin B6(Māori women only), folate (women only), vitamin E (Māori women; all men) and Zn (men only) were low in these ethnic and sex subgroups. Women had intakes of higher nutrient density in folate, vitamin C, Ca, Mg, K, vitamin A (non-Māori) andβ-carotene (Māori) compared with men (P<0·05). When controlling for age and physical function,β-carotene, folate, vitamin C, Ca and Mg were no longer significantly different, but vitamins B2, B12, E and D, Fe, Na, Se and Zn became significantly different for Māori between men and women. When controlling for age and physical function, vitamins A and C and Ca were no longer significantly different, but vitamin B2, Fe, Na and Zn became significantly different for non-Māori between men and women. For those who took nutritional supplements, Māori were less likely to be deficient in food alone intake of vitamin A, folate and Mg, whereas non-Maori were less likely to be deficient in intakes of Mg, K and Zn, but more likely to be deficient in vitamin B12intake. A lack of harmonisation in nutrient recommendations hinders the interpretation of nutrient adequacy; nonetheless, Ca, Mg and Se are key micronutrients of concern. Milk and cheese were important contributions to Ca intake, whereas bread was a key source of Mg and Se. Examination of dietary intake related to biochemical status and health outcomes will establish the utility of these observations.
Fluctuations in metabolite content in the liver of magnesium-deficient rats
Authors: Shigematsu Mei , Nakagawa Ryosuke , Tomonaga Shozo , Funaba Masayuki , Matsui Tohru 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMg deficiency induces various metabolic disturbances including glucose metabolism in the liver. However, no comprehensive information is currently available on the metabolic pathways affected by Mg deficiency. The present study examined metabolite content in the liver of Mg-deficient rats using a metabolomic analysis. In this study, 4-week-old, male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a control diet or a Mg-deficient diet for 8 weeks. The metabolomic analysis identified 105 metabolites in the liver, and significant differences were observed in the hepatic contents for thirty-three metabolites between the two groups. An analysis by MetaboAnalyst, a web-based metabolome data analysis tool, indicated that the Mg deficiency affected taurine/hypotaurine metabolism, methionine metabolism and glycine/serine/threonine metabolism; taurine, hypotaurine, glycine, serine and threonine contents were increased by Mg deficiency, whereas the amounts of 2-ketobutyric acid (a metabolite produced by the catabolism of cystathionine or threonine) and 5'-methylthioadenosine (a metabolite involved in spermidine synthesis) were decreased. The amount of glucose 6-phosphate, a hub metabolite of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the pentose phosphate pathway, was significantly decreased in Mg-deficient rats. Mg deficiency also decreased metabolite contents from the citric acid cycle, including citric acid, fumaric acid and malic acid. Aberrant metabolism may be related to the allosteric regulation of enzymes; the mRNA levels of enzymes were generally similar between the two groups. The present study suggests that the Mg deficiency-mediated modulation of hepatic metabolism is as yet uncharacterised.
On the polar varieties of ruled hypersurfaces
Authors: HERNANDES M.E. , MARTINS R. , RODRIGUES HERNANDES M.E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of this work is to characterise the k-polar variety Pk(X) of an (n − 1)-ruled hypersurface X ⊂ ℂn+1. More precisely, we prove that Pk(X) is empty for all k >1 and the first polar variety is empty or it is an (n − 2)-ruled variety in ℂn+1, whose multiplicity is obtained by the multiplicity of the base curve and the multiplicity of one directrix of X. As a consequence we obtain the Euler obstruction Eu0(X) of X and, in addition, we exhibit (n − 1)-ruled hypersurfaces such that Eu0(X) = m, for any prescribed positive integer m.
Running Away from the Palace: Chinese Eunuchs during the Qing Dynasty
Authors: DALE MELISSA S. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBy exploring cases of runaway eunuchs, this paper aims to contribute to understandings of unfree status during the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) and more broadly to the reconstruction of the social history of eunuchs. The abundance of cases in the historical record of palace eunuchs running away, often repeatedly, reflects poorly on the imperial court's treatment of its eunuchs and effectiveness at times in controlling its eunuch population. Confessions from captured eunuchs reveal that for many life serving as a palace eunuch proved too restrictive and too oppressive to endure. The repeated flight of eunuchs suggests that for some, the possibility of punishment was preferable to continued service and waiting for an authorised exit from the system due to old age or sickness. As the majority of palace eunuchs were illiterate, cases of runaway eunuchs give voice to eunuchs and reveal: (1) the tensions that characterised labour relations between the imperial household and its eunuch workforce and (2) that eunuch status does not fit neatly into the binary of free or unfree status, but rather is something more complicated that lies on the continuum in between.
‘When politics comes into play, law is no longer law’: images of collective legal consciousness in the UK, Poland and Bulgaria
Authors: Hertogh Marc , Kurkchiyan Marina 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the idea of a common European legal culture by exploring its foundational component, ‘collective legal consciousness’, in three EU states: the UK, Poland and Bulgaria. Using a comparative research design and a variety of methods of data collection, it suggests that, underneath the thin layer of EU consensus, there are some fundamental differences in perceptions of law. The evidence shows that legal ideas are infused with perceptions of the political system. This finding suggests that the creation of a shared European legal culture depends on the prior formation of a common transnational polity right across the EU, together with a sense of political identity and of trust in the legitimacy of the European political authorities. The paper also demonstrates the multilayered character of collective legal consciousness, allowing different images of law to co-exist, underpinned by the perception of the source with which each image is associated.
Hoarding among older people: an evaluative review
Authors: Thew Graham R. , Salkovskis Paul M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhile there is considerable evidence that the factors involved in hoarding typically begin to manifest early in life (mostly in adolescence), the majority of those sampled in research studies are in their later years. As so much of our understanding of the psychological factors involved in hoarding is derived from those who are older and more chronically affected, the core hoarding psychopathology may have been masked, overlaid or even disregarded in previous research and in our approaches to clinical intervention. That is, factors relating primarily to chronicity of the problem and feelings of demoralization, hopelessness, loss and the extent of the damage caused to the person's life may swamp the processes which led to and maintain the problem. The present review examines the extent to which this is so and considers theoretical and clinical implications. The literature relevant to hoarding in later life was reviewed evaluatively in relation to a number of questions placing hoarding in a lifespan developmental context. Many studies relied on purely descriptive methodologies, meaning that typical case presentations and case histories are well documented, with less attention paid to underlying causal and maintaining mechanisms. Efforts to identify and control for factors relating to age or problem chronicity were minimal. A key future direction is the identification of younger samples of people who hoard in order to identify more clearly the processes which drive acquisition and retention of excessive amounts of material.
A metal-organic cage incorporating multiple light harvesting and catalytic centres for photochemical hydrogen production
Authors: Chen Sha , Li Kang , Zhao Fang , Zhang Lei , Pan Mei , Fan Yan-Zhong , Guo Jing , Shi Jianying , Su Cheng-Yong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPhotocatalytic water splitting is a natural but challenging chemical way of harnessing renewable solar power to generate clean hydrogen energy. Here we report a potential hydrogen-evolving photochemical molecular device based on a self-assembled ruthenium–palladium heterometallic coordination cage, incorporating multiple photo- and catalytic metal centres. The photophysical properties are investigated by absorption/emission spectroscopy, electrochemical measurements and preliminary DFT calculations and the stepwise electron transfer processes from ruthenium-photocentres to catalytic palladium-centres is probed by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. The photocatalytic hydrogen production assessments reveal an initial reaction rate of 380 μmol h−1 and a turnover number of 635 after 48 h. The efficient hydrogen production may derive from the directional electron transfers through multiple channels owing to proper organization of the photo- and catalytic multi-units within the octahedral cage, which may open a new door to design photochemical molecular devices with well-organized metallosupramolecules for homogenous photocatalytic applications.
Impact of mutational profiles on response of primary oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancers to oestrogen deprivation
Authors: Gellert Pascal , Segal Corrinne V. , Gao Qiong , López-Knowles Elena , Martin Lesley-Ann , Dodson Andrew , Li Tiandao , Miller Christopher A. , Lu Charles , Mardis Elaine R. , Gillman Alexa , Morden James , Graf Manuela , Sidhu Kally , Evans Abigail , Shere Michael , Holcombe Christopher , McIntosh Stuart A. , Bundred Nigel , Skene Anthony , Maxwell William , Robertson John , Bliss Judith M. , Smith Ian , Dowsett Mitch ,   POETIC Trial Management Group and Trialists, Johnston Stephen , Todd Radha , Horgan Kieran , Chan Stephen , Holt Simon D. H. , Parton Marina , Laidlaw Ian , Vaidya Jayant S. , Irvine Tracey , Hoar Fiona , Khattak Ilyas , Kothari Ashutosh , Brazil Lucy , Gallegos Nicholas , Wheatley Duncan , Johnson Tayo , Sparrow Geoffrey , Ledwidge Serena , Mortimer Caroline , Ornstein Marcus , Ferguson Douglas , Adamson Douglas , Cutress Ramsey , Johnson Richard , Crowley Clare , Winters Zoe , Hamed Hisham , Burcombe Russell , Cleator Susan , Kelleher Muireann , Roberts Jonathan , Vesty Sarah , Hadaki Maher , Quigley Mary , Doughty Julie , Laws Siobhan , Seetharam Seema , Thorne Amanda , Donnelly Peter 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPre-surgical studies allow study of the relationship between mutations and response of oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer to aromatase inhibitors (AIs) but have been limited to small biopsies. Here in phase I of this study, we perform exome sequencing on baseline, surgical core-cuts and blood from 60 patients (40 AI treated, 20 controls). In poor responders (based on Ki67 change), we find significantly more somatic mutations than good responders. Subclones exclusive to baseline or surgical cores occur in ∼30% of tumours. In phase II, we combine targeted sequencing on another 28 treated patients with phase I. We find six genes frequently mutated: PIK3CA, TP53, CDH1, MLL3, ABCA13 and FLG with 71% concordance between paired cores. TP53 mutations are associated with poor response. We conclude that multiple biopsies are essential for confident mutational profiling of ER+ breast cancer and TP53 mutations are associated with resistance to oestrogen deprivation therapy.
CD301b+ dendritic cells stimulate tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells to protect against genital HSV-2
Authors: Shin Haina , Kumamoto Yosuke , Gopinath Smita , Iwasaki Akiko 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTissue-resident memory CD8+ T (CD8 TRM) cells are an essential component of protective immune responses at barrier tissues, including the female genital tract. However, the mechanisms that lead to the initiation of CD8 TRM-mediated protective immunity after viral infection are unclear. Here we report that CD8 TRM cells established by ‘prime and pull’ method confer protection against genital HSV-2 infection, and that IFN-γ produced by CD8 TRM cells is required for this protection. Furthermore, we find that CD8 TRM-cell restimulation depends on a population of CD301b+ antigen-presenting cells (APC) in the lamina propria. Elimination of MHC class I on CD301b+ dendritic cells abrogates protective immunity, suggesting the requirement for cognate antigen presentation to CD8 TRM cells by CD301b+ dendritic cells. These results define the requirements for CD8 TRM cells in protection against genital HSV-2 infection and identify the population of APC that are responsible for activating these cells.