bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STABILITY INDICATING RP-HPLC ASSAY METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF MIDODRINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN BULK AND TABLETS
Authors: Jain Hemant K. , Gujar Kishor N. , Randhe Varsha A. 
Published: September 2016

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop an accurate, simple, sensitive and precise stability indicating reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) assay method for estimation of Midodrine hydrochloride (MD) in bulk and tablets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The chromatographic separation was performed on enable C<sub>18</sub>, (250 mm X 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column. The mobile phase consists of triethylamine buffer 0.02%, pH-3: acetonitrile (38:62 v/v) was delivered at a flow rate of 0.6 ml/min and UV detection at 289 nm. The method was validated with forced degradation studies as per ICH guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The retention time of the drug was found to be 3.56 min. The developed method was found to be linear in a concentration range of 19.98-99.9μg/ml of the drug (r<sup>2</sup>= 0.9998). The low value of % RSD indicates reproducibility of the method. The low value of LOD and LOQ suggests the sensitivity of the method. The results of forced degradation studies indicated that the drug was stable in acidic condition and degraded in basic, oxidative and hydrolytic conditions.</p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The present study represents first stability-indicating HPLC assay method that deals with the estimation of midodrine hydrochloride. It can be concluded from the results that the developed method is simple, rapid, accurate, specific, sensitive and precise. Thus, this method can be used for routine analysis of midodrine hydrochloride formulation and to check the stability of bulk samples.<p> </p>
Terrestrial arthropods of Steel Creek, Buffalo National River, Arkansas. IV. Asilidae and other Diptera
Authors: Skvarla Michael , Barnes Jeffrey , Fisher Danielle , Dowling Ashley 
Published: September 2016

This is the fourth in a series of papers detailing the terrestrial arthropods collected during an intensive survey of a site near Steel Creek campground along the Buffalo National River in Arkansas. The survey was conducted over a period of eight and a half months in 2013 using twelve trap types, including Malaise and canopy traps, Lindgren multifunnel traps, and pan traps.
We provide collection records for 38 species of Asilidae and other Diptera, 7 of which are new state records for Arkansas: (Asilidae) Lasiopogon opaculus Loew, 1874; (Lygistorrhinidae) Lygistorrhina sancthecatharinae Thompson, 1975; (Stratiomyidae) Cephalochrysa nigricornis (Loew, 1866), Gowdeyana punctifera (Malloch, 1915), Sargus decorus Say, 1824; (Ulidiidae) Callopistromyia annulipes Macquart, 1855; and (Xylophagidae) Rachicerus obscuripennis Loew, 1863.
Repenser la périphérie : Ma‘ān, carrefour du sud du Bilād al-Shām au tournant de la Première Guerre mondiale
Authors: Neveu Norig 
Published: September 2016

Au début du xxe siècle, Ma‘ān était un important carrefour commercial, situé sur la route du pèlerinage syrien vers La Mecque. Cette ville à la frontière du désert et du Hedjaz était une interface des mobilités régionales, qui s’intensifièrent avec la construction du chemin de fer du Hedjaz en 1904. Ceci se traduisait dans son organisation sociale, proche de celle des oasis de la péninsule Arabique. Durant la Première Guerre mondiale, la situation de carrefour de Ma‘ān en fit un bastion de première importance pour les armées ottomanes. Elle est demeurée jusqu’à la fin du conflit un nœud central permettant aux Ottomans de contrôler les circulations régionales et de contrer l’avancée des troupes britanniques et celles de la Révolte arabe.
Des pèlerins et des épidémies. Recomposition des flux « dangereux » sur la mer Rouge et le Golfe
Authors: Chiffoleau Sylvia 
Published: September 2016

Tout au long du xixe siècle et jusqu’à la veille de la Première Guerre mondiale, le pèlerinage à La Mecque est considéré comme vecteur majeur d'épidémies et fait l’objet d’un contrôle sévère de la part des puissances coloniales. Mais durant le conflit, il devient aussi une arme de propagande et les politiques coloniales s’en trouvent définitivement changées. Elles sont désormais moins guidées par la peur des épidémies, et visent davantage la protection des pèlerins. Il est vrai que de façon paradoxale, alors que les épidémies sévissent partout ailleurs durant le conflit, elles disparaissent du Hedjaz. Les politiques sanitaires mises en œuvre sur le pourtour de la péninsule dans les années précédant la guerre et le système de contrôle exercé sur les pèlerins ont semble-t-il permis de circonscrire les maladies infectieuses à certains foyers. C’est dans ce contexte de changement d’échelle du risque épidémique que se recomposent après-guerre les attributions respectives et les liens entre communauté internationale, puissances coloniales et États-nations en construction.
The Hidden Lives of Nurses’ Cognitive Artifacts
Authors: Doig Alexa , Cloyes Kristin , Staggers Nancy , Blaz Jacquelyn 
Published: September 2016

SummaryStandardizing nursing handoffs at shift change is recommended to improve communication, with electronic tools as the primary approach. However, nurses continue to rely on personally created paper-based cognitive artifacts - their “paper brains” - to support handoffs, indicating a deficiency in available electronic versions.The purpose of this qualitative study was to develop a deep understanding of nurses’ paper-based cognitive artifacts in the context of a cancer specialty hospital.After completing 73 hours of hospital unit field observations, 13 medical oncology nurses were purposively sampled, shadowed for a single shift and interviewed using a semi-structured technique. An interpretive descriptive study design guided analysis of the data corpus of field notes, transcribed interviews, images of nurses’ paper-based cognitive artifacts, and analytic memos.Findings suggest nurses’ paper brains are personal, dynamic, living objects that undergo a life cycle during each shift and evolve over the course of a nurse’s career. The life cycle has four phases: Creation, Application, Reproduction, and Destruction. Evolution in a nurse’s individually styled, paper brain is triggered by a change in the nurse’s environment that reshapes cognitive needs. If a paper brain no longer provides cognitive support in the new environment, it is modified into (adapted) or abandoned (made extinct) for a different format that will provide the necessary support.The “hidden lives” - the life cycle and evolution - of paper brains have implications for the design of successful electronic tools to support nursing practice, including handoff. Nurses’ paper brains provide cognitive support beyond the context of handoff. Information retrieval during handoff is undoubtedly an important function of nurses’ paper brains, but tools designed to standardize handoff communication without accounting for cognitive needs during all phases of the paper brain life cycle or the ability to evolve with changes to those cognitive needs will be underutilized.Citation: Blaz JW, Doig AK, Cloyes KG, Staggers N. The hidden lives of nurses’ cognitive artifacts.
Dynamic Pricing with Reference Price Dependence
Authors: Chenavaz Régis 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A firm that accounts for consumer behavior sets the selling price of a product considering the reference price of consumers. In the literature, a reference price is usually modeled as depending on past selling prices. That is, past selling prices implicitly constrain the current selling price of a product. In this article, the author explicitly measures this constraint with an optimal control framework. He works on the structural properties of a general demand function, which depends on both selling and reference prices. Analytical results prove the following claims. Adjusting reference prices effects increase the price elasticity of demand, the demand function becoming flatter. Thus, the reference price effect weakens the market power of the firm. Also, the reference price effect constitutes a main driver of the dynamics of the selling price. But contrary to intuition, selling price dynamics does not systematically imitate reference price dynamics.
Can mud (silt and clay) concentration be used to predict soil organic carbon
content within seagrass ecosystems?
Authors: Serrano Oscar , Lavery Paul S. , Duarte Carlos M. , Kendrick Gary A. , Calafat Antoni , York Paul H. , Steven Andy , Macreadie Peter I. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The emerging field of blue carbon science is seeking cost-effective ways to estimate the organic carbon content of soils that are bound by coastal vegetated ecosystems. Organic carbon (Corg) content in terrestrial soils and marine sediments has been correlated with mud content (i.e., silt and clay, particle sizes < 63 µm), however, empirical tests of this theory are lacking for coastal vegetated ecosystems. Here, we compiled data (n =  1345) on the relationship between Corg and mud contents in seagrass ecosystems (79 cores) and adjacent bare sediments (21 cores) to address whether mud can be used to predict soil Corg content. We also combined these data with the δ13C signatures of the soil Corg to understand the sources of Corg stores. The results showed that mud is positively correlated with soil Corg content only when the contribution of seagrass-derived Corg to the sedimentary Corg pool is relatively low, such as in small and fast-growing meadows of the genera Zostera, Halodule and Halophila, and in bare sediments adjacent to seagrass ecosystems. In large and long-living seagrass meadows of the genera Posidonia and Amphibolis there was a lack of, or poor relationship between mud and soil Corg content, related to a higher contribution of seagrass-derived Corg to the sedimentary Corg pool in these meadows. The relatively high soil Corg contents with relatively low mud contents (e.g., mud-Corg saturation) in bare sediments and Zostera, Halodule and Halophila meadows was related to significant allochthonous inputs of terrestrial organic matter, while higher contribution of seagrass detritus in Amphibolis and Posidonia meadows disrupted the correlation expected between soil Corg and mud contents. This study shows that mud is not a universal proxy for blue carbon content in seagrass ecosystems, and therefore should not be applied generally across all seagrass habitats. Mud content can only be used as a proxy to estimate soil Corg content for scaling up purposes when opportunistic and/or low biomass seagrass species (i.e., Zostera, Halodule and Halophila) are present (explaining 34 to 91 % of variability), and in bare sediments (explaining 78 % of the variability). The results obtained could enable robust scaling up exercises at a low cost as part of blue carbon stock assessments.
Nordic Snow Radar Experiment
Authors: Lemmetyinen Juha , Kontu Anna , Pulliainen Jouni , Vehviläinen Juho , Rautiainen Kimmo , Wiesmann Andreas , Mätzler Christian , Werner Charles , Rott Helmut , Nagler Thomas , Schneebeli Martin , Proksch Martin , Schüttemeyer Dirk , Kern Michael , Davidson Malcolm W. J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The objective of the Nordic Snow Radar Experiment (NoSREx) campaign was to provide a continuous time series of active and passive microwave observations of snow cover at a representative location of the Arctic boreal forest area, covering a whole winter season. The activity was a part of Phase A studies for the ESA Earth Explorer 7 candidate mission CoReH2O (Cold Regions Hydrology High-resolution Observatory). The NoSREx campaign, conducted at the Finnish Meteorological Institute Arctic Research Centre (FMI-ARC) in Sodankylä, Finland, hosted a frequency scanning scatterometer operating at frequencies from X- to Ku-band. The radar observations were complemented by a microwave dual-polarization radiometer system operating from X- to W-bands. In situ measurements consisted of manual snow pit measurements at the main test site as well as extensive automated measurements on snow, ground and meteorological parameters. This study provides a summary of the obtained data, detailing measurement protocols for each microwave instrument and in situ reference data. A first analysis of the microwave signatures against snow parameters is given, also comparing observed radar backscattering and microwave emission to predictions of an active/passive forward model. All data, including the raw data observations, are available for research purposes through the European Space Agency and the Finnish Meteorological Institute. A consolidated dataset of observations, comprising the key microwave and in situ observations, is provided through the ESA campaign data portal to enable easy access to the data.
Prions
Authors: Bodemer Walter 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Prions gained widespread public and scientific interest in the year 2000. At that time, the human neurological Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) was known. However, new CJD cases were diagnosed but they could not be ascribed to one of the classical CJD categories i.e. sporadic (sCJD), hereditary or acquired. Hence, they were classified as variant CJD (vCJD). Later on, experimental evidence suggested that vCJD was caused by prions postulated as unique novel infectious agents and, for example, responsible for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) also known as mad cow disease. The infection of humans by transmission of BSE prions also defined vCJD as a zoonotic disease. Prions, especially those associated with scrapie in sheep had been known for quite some time and misleadingly discussed as a slow virus. Therefore, this enigmatic pathogen and the transmission of this unusual infectious agent was a matter of a controversial scientific debate. An agent without nucleic acid did not follow the current dogma postulating DNA or RNA as inheritable information encoding molecules. Although numerous experimental results clearly demonstrated the infectious capacity of prions in several animal species, a model close to human was not readily available. Therefore, the use of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) served as a non-human primate model to elucidate prion infection under controlled experimental conditions. Not the least, transmission of BSE, human vCJD, and sCJD prions could be confirmed in our study. Any prion infection concomitant with progression of disease in humans, especially vCJD, could be analyzed only retrospectively and at late stages of disease. In contrast, the prion-infected rhesus monkeys were accessible before and after infection; the progression from early stage to late clinical stages – and eventually death of the animal – could be traced. Because of the phylogenetic proximity to humans, the rhesus monkey was superior to any rodent or other animal model. For these reasons an experimental approach had been conceived by J. Collinge in London and A. Aguzzi in Zurich and performed in a cooperative study with both research groups in the pathology unit of the German Primate Center (DPZ). The study in the DPZ lasted from 2001 until 2012. Our research in the pathology unit provided a temporal monitoring of how an initial prion infection develops eventually into disease; an approach that would have never been possible in humans since the time point of infection with prions from, for example, BSE is always unknown. Telemetry revealed a shift in sleep–wake cycles early on, long before behavioral changes or clinical symptoms appeared. Pathology confirmed non-neuronal tissue as hidden places where prions exist. The rhesus model also allowed first comparative studies of epigenetic modifications on RNA in peripheral blood and brain tissue collected from uninfected and prion-infected animals. To conclude, our studies clearly demonstrated that this model is valid since progression to disease is almost identical to human CJD.
Near-real-time Arctic sea ice thickness and volume from CryoSat-2
Authors: Tilling Rachel L. , Ridout Andy , Shepherd Andrew 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Timely observations of sea ice thickness help us to understand the Arctic climate, and have the potential to support seasonal forecasts and operational activities in the polar regions. Although it is possible to calculate Arctic sea ice thickness using measurements acquired by CryoSat-2, the latency of the final release data set is typically 1 month due to the time required to determine precise satellite orbits. We use a new fast-delivery CryoSat-2 data set based on preliminary orbits to compute Arctic sea ice thickness in near real time (NRT), and analyse this data for one sea ice growth season from October 2014 to April 2015. We show that this NRT sea-ice-thickness product is of comparable accuracy to that produced using the final release CryoSat-2 data, with a mean thickness difference of 0.9 cm, demonstrating that the satellite orbit is not a critical factor in determining sea ice freeboard. In addition, the CryoSat-2 fast-delivery product also provides measurements of Arctic sea ice thickness within 3 days of acquisition by the satellite, and a measurement is delivered, on average, within 14, 7 and 6 km of each location in the Arctic every 2, 14 and 28 days respectively. The CryoSat-2 NRT sea-ice-thickness data set provides an additional constraint for short-term and seasonal predictions of changes in the Arctic ice cover and could support industries such as tourism and transport through assimilation in operational models.
Facies Changes Between Kolosh and Sinjar Formations Along Zagros Fold–Thrust Belt in Iraqi Kurdistan Region
Authors: Haji Karim Ahmad Kamal 
Published: September 2016

The present study is concerned with lateral and vertical facies changes between Kolosh (Paleocene) and Sinjar (or Khurmala) (Paleocene-Early Eocene) Formations in Sulaimani and Duhok area, Kurdistan Region, NE-Iraq. The latter and former formations are belonging to basinal clastic (turbidite) and reefal carbonate facies respectively. The facies changes are documented in six sections by field studies and evaluation of previous ideas and data which are critically discussed and compared to the result of the present study. The special attention is directed towards the contact between the two Formations in relation to conformity. All the studies achieved before 2002 showed conformable contact between the two formations while the most recent study found large a gap (erosional unconformity) between the two formations which persisted for 5million years. According to latter study, the sea level fall associated with this unconformity assigned to be type one and type two sequence boundaries in the east of Darbandikhan, north of Koya towns and the Bekhme gorge.Conversely, the present study has not recorded gaps in the sedimentation in the studied sections either in Sulaimani or Dohuk area. The contact can be regarded as transgressive system tract which represented by green marl or sandstone, which changes to limestone of Sinjar or Khurmala Formation (HST).The conglomerate beds that are recorded in the previous studies at the contact of the two formations are not proved in the present study. The previously recorded conglomerate is located inside the upper part of the Kolosh Formation not in the contact and it represents submarine fan feeder channel. In contrast to previous studies, neither incised valleys nor erosional unconformity are found at the contact between the two formations in the studied area. The one meter intraformational conglomerate that are found (in some previous studies) in the Bekhme gore is not found in the present study. It is observed that the Kolosh Formation, at Bekhme Gore consists of green marl and sandstone with one bed of Khurmala Formation. The green marl is changes totally to dolomitic limestone of the latter Formation toward northwest at the north of Saru Kani village near Bujeel town. This proves that both formations are deposited in one basin and Khurmala formation has the age of Lower Paleocene to Lower Eocene.
Conflation and Integration of Archived Geologic Maps and Associated Uncertainties
Authors: Shoberg Tom 
Published: September 2016

Old, archived geologic maps are often available with little or no associated metadata. This creates special problems in terms of extracting their data to use with a modern database. This research focuses on some problems and uncertainties associated with conflating older geologic maps in regions where modern geologic maps are, as yet, non-existent as well as vertically integrating the conflated maps with layers of modern GIS data (in this case, The National Map of the U.S. Geological Survey). Ste. Genevieve County, Missouri was chosen as the test area. It is covered by six archived geologic maps constructed in the years between 1928 and 1994. Conflating these maps results in a map that is internally consistent with these six maps, is digitally integrated with hydrography, elevation and orthoimagery data, and has a 95% confidence interval useful for further data set integration.
Obstacles lexico-sémantiques à la lecture réussie d’un texte de spécialité1
Authors: Collet Tanja 
Published: September 2016

Cet article, qui se veut programmatique, dresse l’arrière-plan théorique d’un projet futur axé sur la lisibilité des textes spécialisés pour des lecteurs non experts, tels que des langagiers, qui se situent, le plus souvent, à l’extérieur des groupes socioprofessionnels dont émanent ces textes, que l’on lit à des fins professionnelles. L’article aborde la question de la lisibilité dans la perspective de la linguistique du texte et examine, en particulier, comment les termes mis en discours contribuent à la tension caractéristique et constante des textes spécialisés entre cohérence (pour les experts) et incohérence (pour les non-experts). L’article identifie au moins trois facteurs qui sont responsables de cette tension : 1) la richesse terminologique du texte et l’importance de ce facteur pour son degré de cohérence ; 2) le potentiel sémantique du terme, qui est examiné tant du point de vue de la mise en discours du terme que de son interprétation lors de la lecture ; et dans une moindre mesure, 3) la morphologie du terme. Enfin, l’article pose la question de la compréhension nécessaire et suffisante du langagier qui serait différente de celle exigée du lecteur-chercheur, mais sans y répondre toutefois. Cette question sera au coeur du projet encore à effectuer.