bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality of life of the elderly residents of nursing homes and patients of the Psychogeriatric Day Ward
Authors: Pawlaczyk Magdalena , Gąsior Teresa , Michalak Michał , Jóźwiak Andrzej , Zasadzka Ewa , Matecka Monika , Pawlaczyk Mariola 
Published: April 2017

Introduction. Due to the prolonged average life span and constantly increasing number of the elderly, research of this population’s quality of life (QoL) is being conducted to assess the spheres requiring improvement. Aim. To assess and compare the life quality in different domains between residents of nursing homes (NH) and patients of the Psychogeriatric Day Ward (PDW).Material and Methods. The study encompassed 68 PDW patients and 62 NH residents. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire and a structured interview concerning diseases, different forms of support and activities preferred were used. Results. Women predominated among the subjects (83%). The elderly aged 75–90 constituted the majority (64.62%). The average assessment of QoL in the whole group amounted to 3.6 points. No significant differences in the assessment of QoL satisfaction and one’s own health satisfaction were observed between PDW patients and NH residents. The participants of both groups assessed the highest QoL in the environment domain and the lowest in the social relationships domain. A relationship between higher QoL in the physical health domain and participation in social forms of spending free time was observed. Relationships between QoL in particular domains and age, marital status and length of stay in NH were found.Conclusions. Elderly people’s QoL, similarly to their satisfaction with health, were on an average level regardless of the institutional care. The QoL remains in a significant relationship with health. The changing needs of the elderly should be the basis for creating an individual plan of professional support.
Penerapan E-Module Berbasis Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Literasi Sains dan Mengurangi Miskonsepsi pada Materi Ekologi Siswa Kelas X MIA 6 SMAN 1 Karanganom Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015
Authors: IMANINGTYAS CITRA DEVI , KARYANTO PUGUH , NURMIYATI NURMIYATI , ASRIANI LILIK 
Published: April 2017

<p class="5abstrak">This research aims to increase the scientific literacy and decrease the student’s misconception in class X MIA 6 of SMAN 1 Karanganom by applying e-module based on the concept of Problem Based<em> </em>Learning (PBL). The type of the research is a classroom action research which consist of two cycles. Each cycles applied: planning the learning activity, then implementing those plan, next was observing the students’ activity and finally complimenting the whole activities during a cycle. The research subject is the students of class X MIA 6 at SMAN 1 Karanganom. There are 11 boys and 23 girls. The data validation used triangulation method. The data of the research were obtained by formulating the test, the observation and the interview. The obtained data were analyzed using the descriptive technique. The results of the research showed the implementation of e-module based on the concept of PBL decrease the students’ misconception on the ecology subject with the explanation: the population concept decreased 21%, the comunity concept run into reduction 22%, the ecosystem concept went down 21% and the ecology concept in ‘Science, environment, technology, and society’ context reduced 26%. The analysed result also indicated that the scientific literacy has increased 20.6%. The result of the research evidenced that implementation of <em>e</em><em>-module</em><em> </em>based on the concept of PBL could increase the scientific literation and decrease the students’ misconception on the ecology subject.</p><p class="5abstrak"> </p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>E-module</em><em> </em>with based <em>Problem Based Learning</em>, misconception, scientific literacy
Factors Governing the Predicted Performance of Multilayered Metal-Mesh Screens
Authors: Wu Chu-Hsiang , Sharma Mukul M. , Chanpura Rajesh , Parlar Mehmet , Ayoub Joseph 
Published: April 2017

Summary
Multilayered metal-mesh screens (MMSs) are widely used as standalone screens for sand control in unconsolidated formations. The nominal rating of such screens is usually determined on the basis of the specifications of the filter layer. It is often found that screens with the same filter-layer nominal rating perform differently. It is shown in this study that the primary reason for this is that the sand-retention performance of multilayered MMSs is a strong function of not only the filter layer but also the protection and the support layers.
This paper presents a systematic study that shows how the overlap between different mesh layers, the alignment of the protection and support layers, and the relative pore-size ratio, defined as the ratio of pore size of the protection/support layer to that of the filter layer, have a large impact on the sand-retention performance of an MMS. The pore-size distribution (PoSD) of multilayered plain-square-mesh (PSM) and plain-Dutch-weave (PDW) screens is calculated with a novel numerical technique. Influences of screen sintering, coupon sampling, and screen designs on the PoSD of a screen are modeled by varying the layer overlap, shifting the layer alignment, and modifying the design of the protection and support layers. The PoSD data are used as an input into an analytical model for evaluating sand production of PSM screens in slurry-type sand-retention tests (SRTs) for screen-design optimization.
For PSM screens, the results show that the PoSD of a multilayered screen can be very different from the PoSD of the filter layer. In general, a decrease in sand production with an increase in layer overlap is observed; the trend exists irrespective of how mesh layers are aligned. A change in mesh alignment is found to cause a variation in sand production even with the same filter-layer pore size and layer overlap. The nominal rating of the filter layer of a multilayered PSM screen should be used to estimate sand production only when the pore sizes of the protection and support layers are much larger than the pore size of the filter layer. For PDW screens, layer overlap is shown to dominate the screen performance by affecting the filter-layer pore size. The PoSD of a PDW screen is found to be less affected by variations in layer alignment and relative pore-size ratio.
This study clearly shows that the layer overlap, layer alignment, and relative pore-size ratio between mesh layers can have a significant impact on the sand-retention performance of a multilayered MMS. As such, widely different screen performances can be expected for screens with the same nominal screen rating. Our results have a direct bearing on how MMSs are manufactured, selected, and specified. Increasing the relative pore-size ratio appears to be a promising screen-design approach for obtaining consistent screen performance for multilayered MMSs.
Gelled Isolation Fluid Makes Refracturing Well Feasible
Authors: Wheeler Richard , Williams V. , Mayor J. , Khan S. , Everson N. , Steinhardt A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Gelled isolation fluids are used in various applications throughout the oilfield for creating access to a specific segment of the wellbore while leaving the remaining portion of the wellbore unaffected. In single well applications, zones are isolated whereas laterals are isolated in multi-lateral completions. Gelled fluids are typically used in scenarios where isolation is not feasible or too costly to be obtained by use of a packer, plug or other downhole tool. A gelled fluid offers the benefits of being both temporary and easily cleaned up after the treatment. The objective in this application was to use a low cost gelled fluid to fully isolate existing perforations along a lateral to stimulate new zones.
The candidate well selected for re-fracturing was originally completed without being stimulated due to water zones nearby. The 4200 feet of semi-continuously perforated horizontal section did not produce as expected. In order to fracture the targeted zones, a gelled fluid was used to seal off the existing perforations and maintain zonal isolation between fracturing stages. The gelled fluid was designed and optimized in the lab for the well and treatment conditions. An inner string with sliding sleeves was placed in the horizontal section of the well. The gelled fluid was then pumped into the annular space between the original casing and an inner tubing string and allowed to setup before fracturing began.
Before the job was pumped, laboratory testing and simulation concluded that the gelled fluid would be placed within the pump time of the job and hold for the expected time frame of the fracturing operations. Due to the constraints of the wellbore tooling, completion system, and well conditions, this testing provided detailed operational guidelines on placement time, pump rate, fluid shear rate and temperature constraints before committing to pump the job. The fluid was successfully placed and maintained isolation for the duration of the 36 hours of a 9 stage stimulation treatment. Pressure on the backside of the tubing string was monitored throughout all 9 stages and remained fairly constant throughout the stimulation process indicating that zonal isolation was achieved and maintained.
The novelty of this work included the application of using a gelled fluid in conjunction with a sliding sleeve system to optimize the zones for stimulation and address a specific need of limiting flush volumes and pump downs. This unique application provides knowledge on additional options for using this type of isolation gel for these types of applications in the re-stimulation market as a cost effective option.
Selective Adsorption and Transport Diffusion of CO2-CH4 Binary Mixture in Carbon-Based Organic Nanopores
Authors: Kazemi Mohammad , Takbiri-Borujeni Ali 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Production from shale gas reservoirs provided a unique opportunity for underground storage of the CO2. Because of the higher affinity of CO2 to the organic matter of shale compared to CH4, injecting CO2 into these resources can cause the adsorbed CH4 molecules to be desorbed and then replaced by the CO2 molecules. In this work, we perform molecular dynamics simulations to calculate the Onsager and Fickian diffusion coefficients of CH4 and CO2. Onsager coefficients of the pure species increase as its partial pressure increases and then level off at higher pressures. The off-diagonal Onsager coefficients increase as CH4 pressure increases up to a CO2 pressure of approximately 100 atm and followed by a reduction in the coefficients. The Onsager diffusion coefficients of CO2-CO2 are the highest compared to CH4-CH4 and CO2-CH4 diffusion coefficients. The Onsager diffusion coefficients for both species are a function of their occupancies. As concentration of a species increases, its Onsager diffusion coefficient increases as well. The results also demonstrated that the off-diagonal terms in the Onsager and Fickian diffusion coefficients matrix have the same order of magnitude as the diagonal terms and therefore cannot be ignored in modeling of CO2 sequestration in shale.
The Impact of the Hydraulic Fracture Properties on the Gas Recovery from Marcellus Shale
Authors: El Sgher M. , Aminian K. , Ameri S. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Marcellus Shale, a Devonian black shale, spans the majority of the Appalachian Basin from New York through Pennsylvania, West Virginia and also extends into Ohio and Maryland (Bartuska, et al. 2012). The unconventional gas reservoir is a term commonly used to refer to ultra-low permeability formations that produces mainly dry natural gas and is not able to produce an economic flow rate without stimulation treatments. The natural gas in the Marcellus Shale is produced most efficiently through horizontal wells with multiple hydraulic fracturing stimulation treatments. Even though advances in technology have unlocked considerable reserves of hydrocarbon, the long-term production behavior of the horizontal wells with multiple hydraulic fractures is not well understood. This paper provides the results of parametric studies to investigate the impact of the hydraulic fracture properties and more specifically the impact of non-uniform fracture half-length, on the gas recovery from Marcellus Shale.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term production performance of horizontal wells with multiple hydraulic fractures completed in Marcellus Shale. A commercial reservoir simulator was used to develop the base model which incorporated the storage and production mechanisms inherent in shales. The core, log, completion, stimulation, and production data obtained from wells located at the Marcellus Shale Energy and Environment Laboratory (MSEEL) were utilized to generate the simulation model. MSEEL is a research collaboration between West Virginia University, Ohio State University, The Natural Energy Technology Laboratory, and Northeast Natural Energy. MSEEL aims to achieve a better understanding of the unconventional shale resources through application of advanced technology in drilling, completion, reservoir characterization, production and monitoring of horizontal wells. Furthermore, fracture properties (fracture half-length, fracture width and fracture conductivity) were obtained by using commercial software. Precision laboratory equipment was utilized to determine the shale properties from the core samples.
Field production data from two original horizontal Marcellus Shale gas wells at MSEEL site were utilized for history matching to establish the missing shale parameters. History matching was initially performed using production data for two years from one the horizontal wells. The matched model was then used to predict the production for the following two years to confirm the accuracy and reliability of the model. In addition, the base model was used to predict the second horizontal well production which provided reliable results. Finally, a number of parametric studies were performed with the model to investigate the impact of the hydraulic fracture properties and non-uniform fracture half-length, on the recovery.
Conditioning Multiple-Point Geostatistical Facies Simulation on Nonlinear Flow Data Using Pilot Points Method
Authors: Ma Wei , Jafarpour Behnam 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A new implementation of the pilot points method is introduced for conditioning discrete multiple-point statistical (MPS) facies simulation on dynamic production data. In MPS simulation, a conceptual model of geologic connectivity, known as a training image (TI), is used to simulate instances of facies distributions that are statistically consistent with those encoded in the TI. While conditioning MPS simulation results on static hard (e.g., core) and soft (e.g., 3D seismic) measurements is relatively straightforward, calibration against nonlinear production data is nontrivial. The pilot points method is a convenient parameterization approach in which production data are used to obtain facies values at a number of strategically selected grid blocks (pilot points). An important issue in using the pilot points method is strategic placement of the pilot points in the domain. To this end, we propose combining three sources of information to generate a score map for placing the pilot points: (i) the uncertainty in facies distribution, (ii) sensitivity information, and (iii) production data. Once the pilot points are located, the facies values at these points are inferred from production data and are used, along with available hard data at well locations, to simulate a new set of conditional facies realizations. While facies estimation at the pilot points can be performed using different inversion algorithms, in this study the ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA) is used to update permeability maps from production data, which are then used to statistically infer facies types at the pilot point locations. The developed method combines the information in the production data and the TI by using the former to infer facies values at select locations away from the wells and the latter to ensure consistent facies structure and connectivity where the production data may be inconclusive (e.g., away from measurement locations). The performance of the developed method and its important properties are evaluated and discussed using numerical experiments.
Oilfield Scale Removal by Chelating Agents: An Aminopolycarboxylic Acids Review
Authors: Almubarak Tariq , Ng Jun Hong , Nasr-El-Din Hisham 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This literature review summarizes the theory and application of chelating agents in scale removal. The objective of this work is to give the reader a better understanding of scale removal methods by chelating agents in oil field applications.
This paper reviews results that were obtained through various laboratory tests, which aid in understanding chelating agent interactions with formation rock and formation fluids. Results were obtained through a variety of tests including compatibility, dissolution, Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP), Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD).
At high temperatures, conventional acids such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) show severe corrosion, lack of penetration and sludging characteristics. Several organic acids were proposed to solve these issues. However, even organic acids result in solubility and incompatibility issues. Based on these shortcomings, chelating agents are often used and show good dissolving power, low corrosion, low sludging tendencies, excellent iron control, and some are highly degradable and environmentally friendly. In addition, chelating agents are commonly used to dissolve most oil field scales that are both insoluble in HCl and detrimental to production.
This work summarizes the applications of chelating agents in the stimulation sector, including the latest developments and field applications of chelating agents. Readers can easily expand on this paper to further explore the wide range of applications chelating agents can offer the oil and gas industry.
A New Method of Calculating Rig Parameters and its Application in Downhole Weight on Bit Automation in Horizontal Drilling
Authors: Wu Z. , Hareland G. , Loggins S. M. , Lai S. , Eddy A. , Olesen L. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
On most onshore rigs, weight on bit (WOB) is usually obtained from the deadline hook load measured by deadline the sensor installed on the deadline of the block-and-tackle system. To obtain a more accurate WOB, a measurement tool, called torque and tension sub (TTS), has been developed to measure the load below the quill of a top-drive system. Theoretically, the load from the TTS, called the TTS hook load, is more accurate than the deadline hookload because the TTS measurement is not affected by the friction between the drilling lines and sheaves and the top drive rails. The downhole weight on bit (DWOB) is a key parameter in optimizing rate of penetration (ROP) and drilling optimization because accurate DWOB plays a very important role in improving the overall performance of a bit run. The objective of the work presented herein is to acquire rig parameters such as sheave efficiency, static weight of travelling block and friction between top drive and the rail by using theoretical analysis and regression analysis of acual drilling data. These parameters can further be used for DWOB automation calculation, which will greatly improve the overall drilling efficiency and save drilling cost.
A set of drilling data was collected from a well in western Canada, including bit depth, hole depth, deadline hookload, TTS hookload, surface measured WOB and standpipe pressure. Force analysis to the upper part of a top drive system was conducted, and a theoretical equation derived which reflects the relationship between the deadline hook load and the TTS hook load. An empirical relationship is also obtained by regression analysis of the drilling data.
The results show that there is a good agreement between the theoretical equation and the empirically-derived relationship. Therefore, the empirical relationship can be used to get the sheave efficiency, static weight of travelling block and friction between the top drive and the rail.
The relationship between the deadline hook load and TTS hook load established in this paper brings about a new method to acquire rig parameters which are usually obtained by experience or a rule of thumb. This will potentially improve the calculation of DWOB automation. The proposed new correlation method will find a wide range of potential applications, such as on new types of automation drilling systems being developed in the drilling industry, which is especially suitable for horizontal drilling.
Midway-Sunset 35Z Case Study: A Journey from Geo-Cellular Grids to Field Operations
Authors: Ardali Mojtaba , D'Cruz Ryan , Erickson Telann , Moustakis Michael , Salameh Mourad 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Olig heavy oil zone at 35Z is a shallow dipping reservoir with estimated oil in place of more than 20 MMBO and upside potential of 50-70% oil recovery with an optimal depletion strategy. The successful thermal development at Midway-Sunset section 35Z was facilitated by early collaborative reservoir characterization and modeling efforts. In this study, integrated subsurface mapping, petrophysical analysis and modeling technology were utilized to estimate the potential of the Olig sands and evaluate various field development options. The multidisciplinary effort between petrophysicists, geoscientists and engineers analyzed and integrated various sources of data into a full-field geological model. The model was calibrated and used to investigate various field development strategies. This work allowed the team to identify a development scenario that maximized both oil recovery and capital efficiency. The study led to technical recommendations that were implemented in 35Z Midway-Sunset field operations. The main deliverables of the study were as follows: Well spacing for any short-term and long-term thermal development was switched to 2-Acre spacing from original 1-Acre spacing. Therefore, the proposed number of wells drilled were reduced by almost half, resulting in significant capital cost savings.Modeling work quantified various long-term field development options. While Cyclic Steam Injection (CSI) provides significant oil recovery, continuous steam injection offers significantly higher oil recovery. Crestal steamflooding is superior compared to pattern steamflooding if geological continuity is confirmed.
The early characterization and modeling work on the 35Z Olig informed the team's decision-making and helped grow the area from a 6-well pilot to an economic full-field thermal development in less than 2 years.