bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A call for comparative effectiveness research to learn whether routine clinical care decisions can protect from dementia and cognitive decline
Authors: Dacks Penny A. , Armstrong Joshua J. , Brannan Stephen K. , Carman Aaron J. , Green Allan M. , Kirkman M. Sue , Krakoff Lawrence R. , Kuller Lewis H. , Launer Lenore J. , Lovestone Simon , Merikle Elizabeth , Neumann Peter J. , Rockwood Kenneth , Shineman Diana W. , Stefanacci Richard G. , Velentgas Priscilla , Viswanathan Anand , Whitmer Rachel A. , Williamson Jeff D. , Fillit Howard M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCommon diseases like diabetes, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation are probable risk factors for dementia, suggesting that their treatments may influence the risk and rate of cognitive and functional decline. Moreover, specific therapies and medications may affect long-term brain health through mechanisms that are independent of their primary indication. While surgery, benzodiazepines, and anti-cholinergic drugs may accelerate decline or even raise the risk of dementia, other medications act directly on the brain to potentially slow the pathology that underlies Alzheimer’s and other dementia. In other words, the functional and cognitive decline in vulnerable patients may be influenced by the choice of treatments for other medical conditions. Despite the importance of these questions, very little research is available. The Alzheimer’s Drug Discovery Foundation convened an advisory panel to discuss the existing evidence and to recommend strategies to accelerate the development of comparative effectiveness research on how choices in the clinical care of common chronic diseases may protect from cognitive decline and dementia.
Older patients are still under-represented in clinical trials of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Banzi Rita , Camaioni Paolo , Tettamanti Mauro , Bertele’ Vittorio , Lucca Ugo 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background
The age gap between participants in trials and patients who could benefit from the drugs studied has been widely documented across different clinical areas. Patients with dementia included in clinical research are systematically younger than those in the general population. We examined the age gap between participants in recent clinical trials testing interventions for Alzheimer’s disease and epidemiological data.

Methods
We systematically searched literature databases (MedLine, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library) and ClinicalTrials.gov from 2000 to July 2015 to retrieve clinical trials testing pharmacologic treatments for Alzheimer’s disease, other than cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine. We included ongoing and completed phase II/III randomized clinical trials, irrespective of their publication status. From each study reporting the participants’ ages, we extracted size of sample, mean age, and standard deviation, and estimated the proportions of participants in different age classes. The number of patients with Alzheimer’s disease by age class in the USA population was used for comparison.

Results
We included 165 clinical trials testing almost 100 different compounds, which enrolled or planned to enroll about 74,300 participants. Seventy-nine of these trials, accounting for about 26,800 participants, reported the age of the participants. The weighted mean age was 73.6 years (standard deviation, 8.2). People younger than 80 years were highly represented in clinical trials (78 %), despite the fact that those aged 80 and older form the majority (72 %) of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Only 8 % of clinical trial participants were 85 years or older.

Conclusions
Patients enrolled in clinical trials on Alzheimer’s disease are far from being representative of actual distribution of the patients in the general population. Clinical research should not be designed and conducted overlooking the fact that the majority of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease are likely to be 80 or older.
Visual acuity measured with luminance-modulated and contrast-modulated noise letter stimuli in young adults and adults above 50 years old
Authors: Woi Pui Juan , Kaur Sharanjeet , Waugh Sarah J. , Hairol Mohd Izzuddin 
Published: August 2016

The human visual system is sensitive in detecting objects that have different luminance level from their background, known as first-order or luminance-modulated (LM) stimuli. We are also able to detect objects that have the same mean luminance as their background, only differing in contrast (or other attributes). Such objects are known as second-order or contrast-modulated (CM), stimuli. CM stimuli are thought to be processed in higher visual areas compared to LM stimuli, and may be more susceptible to ageing. We compared visual acuities (VA) of five healthy older adults (54.0±1.83 years old) and five healthy younger adults (25.4±1.29 years old) with LM and CM letters under monocular and binocular viewing. For monocular viewing, age had no effect on VA [F(1, 8)= 2.50, p> 0.05]. However, there was a significant main effect of age on VA under binocular viewing [F(1, 8)= 5.67, p< 0.05]. Binocular VA with CM letters in younger adults was approximately two lines better than that in older adults. For LM, binocular summation ratios were similar for older (1.16±0.21) and younger (1.15±0.06) adults. For CM, younger adults had higher binocular summation ratio (1.39±0.08) compared to older adults (1.12±0.09). Binocular viewing improved VA with LM letters for both groups similarly. However, in older adults, binocular viewing did not improve VA with CM letters as much as in younger adults. This could reflect a decline of higher visual areas due to ageing process, most likely higher than V1, which may be missed if measured with luminance-based stimuli alone.
Public interest television and social responsibility: The search for the missing person in Indian television
Authors: Mini Darshana S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article maps the intricate ways televisual spaces build a sense of community and access to transnational networks of solidarity. Taking the programme Pravasalokam or ‘The World of Expatriates’ as a specific instance, this article tracks the imagination of ‘Gulf’ and the affective community who responds to such transnational television programmes. The show has been described as a ‘part-reality’ show on account of the fact that it hybridizes the formula for reality television by adding a component of investigative journalism. India has a substantial expatriate population in the Gulf countries, most from the state of Kerala. The show tracks down missing expatriate workers in the Gulf at the request of family members who have lost contact with them. Pravasalokam therefore acts surgically, as if to restore life to the previously geographically stable family. In effect, Pravasalokam, I argue, is a symptom of a larger condition of the transnational family, wherein the risk of disconnection always looms large despite the myriad possibilities of communication in the digital age.
Afterword: A public sphere turned inside out: A brief global history of Indian media
Authors: Rajagopal Arvind 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Contra Marx and Engels, the growth of capitalism has not necessarily exposed the real conditions of life for the bourgeois and the proletariat. The expansion of communication has led to the projection of imagined communities more compelling than those of class interest. The bourgeois public sphere was a case in point, of course, but what happened when this framework for communicating capitalism was transplanted outside the West?
Effectively, in its transplantation to the non-west, the public sphere was turned inside out, I suggest. Secular tolerance, which was previously supposed to be upheld by the state, was rendered a private affair, while discrimination against minorities, and the celebration of religious identity became more common in public.
Indonesia’s digital television migration: Controlling multiplexing, tackling competition
Authors: Rahayu Titik Puji 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Indonesia’s plan for digital TV migration was officially launched in 2011 by the enactment of several Ministerial Regulations. At the beginning of 2015, however, the project had not commenced. This article argues that the policies about multiplexing arrangements have been one of the major obstacles to the transition. Private broadcasting incumbents have been given considerable opportunity to win the ‘beauty contests’ to become multiplex operators. These private multiplex operators have delayed the leasing of their digital TV channels and set excessive rental prices for them as part of their strategies to tackle competition in the era of digital broadcasting. TVRI, the only non-private multiplex operator, faces political and bureaucratic problems and is not yet ready to provide multiplexing services. This study analyses Indonesia’s digital TV policies using data from semi-structured interviews and a review of relevant literature.
Private sports centers in Ankara task levels of job satisfaction of staff engaged in evaluation<p>Ankara’daki özel spor merkezlerinde çalışan personelin iş doyum düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Uyar Yalçın , Sunay Hakan 
Published: August 2016

The aim of this study is to assess job satisfaction levels of the personnel that is working for private sports centers in Ankara. Approximately 700 personnel working for 45 private sports centers in Ankara having at least 400 members constitute universe of the research which is held according to descriptive research model. Also, 87 female (%50,6) and 85 male (%49,4) making total of 172 personnel composed work group of the research. As data collection tool, Balcı (1985) is used to define job satisfaction scale developed by the private sports center staff. Analysis of the data standard deviation, arithmetic means, that we look at the factor analysis and item-total correlations, analysis of variance to compare the differences between groups and t-test was used. In the safety study for overall Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was calculated to be .945. As a result of the work of private sports center staff it has been shown to provide great satisfaction rate. ÖzetBu araştırmanın amacı,Ankara’daki özel spor merkezlerinde çalışan personelin iş doyum düzeylerinin değerlendirilmesidir.Betimsel ilişkisel tarama modeline uygun olarak düzenlenen araştırmanın evrenini,Ankara’da,en az 400 üyesi bulunan yaklaşık 45 özel spor merkezinde görev yapan yaklaşık 700 çalışan oluşturmaktadır.Çalışma grubunu ise,anılan evren içerisinde tesadüfi yöntem ile seçilmiş Ankara ilindeki özel spor merkezlerinin değişik kademelerinde görev yapan 87 kadın(% 50,6),85 erkek(%49,4) olmak üzere toplam 172 kişi oluşturmaktadır.Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Balcı(1985)tarafından geliştirilen iş doyum ölçeği özel spor merkezi çalışanlarına uyarlanarak kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde standart sapma, aritmetik ortalamalar, faktör analizi ve madde–toplam test korelasyonuna bakılmış, grup ortalamaları arasındaki farklılıkları karşılaştırmak için varyans analizi ve t-testi kullanılmıştır. Ölçeğin geneli için yapılan güvenilirlik çalışmasında Cronbach Alpha katsayısı .945 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Sonuç olarak özel spor merkezi çalışanlarının işlerinden, büyük oranda doyum sağladıkları görülmüştür.
The flipped classes and educatıon ınformatıon network (EIN)<p>Ters yüz edilmiş sınıflar ve eğitim bilişim ağı (EBA)
Authors: Bolat Yavuz 
Published: August 2016

Learner centered activities take an important place in modern learning approaches. These activities are both setting the student to work and increasing the teacher’s guiding properties in learning environment. Moreover the classes which have classically learning environment turn into training workshops. Reflection of technological improvements to education have an important place for being this approach is successful. In the reversed classes which have learner centered, there are accessorily used computer, printer, internet and internet based networks for providing students self-access. In Turkey, Education Information Network (EIN) which is developed by MEB contributes high for this issue to educators and students. But, there is a lack of knowledge in educators about filipped classrooms. And therefore, this research is that flipped classrooms and flipped learning on information while Education Information Network (EBA) provides location-based usage. This study is a qualitative research in education based on literature review. In this study was conducted literature review with the help of keywords. Sources achieved by this method was used to support the research and concluded. ÖzetModern öğrenme yaklaşımlarında öğrenen merkezli eğitim faaliyetleri önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu faaliyetler öğrenciyi aktif olarak işe koştuğu gibi öğretmenin öğrenme ortamındaki rehberlik etme özelliklerini artırmaktadır. Ayrıca klasik anlamda öğrenme ortamı olan sınıflar, eğitim atölyesine dönüşmektedir. Bu yaklaşımın başarılı olabilmesinde ise teknolojik gelişmelerin eğitim alanına yansımaları önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Öğrenen merkezli anlayışa sahip ters yüz edilmiş sınıflarda öğrencinin bireysel öğrenmesini sağlamak için; bilgisayar, yazıcı, internet ve internet tabanlı ağlar yardımcı olarak kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye’de MEB tarafından geliştirilen Eğitim Bilişim Ağı (EBA) bu konuda eğitimcilere ve öğrencilere önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Ancak ters yüz edilmiş sınıflar ve ters yüz öğrenme hakkında eğitimcilerde bir bilgi eksikliği bulunmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu araştırma ters yüz öğrenme ve ters yüz sınıflar hakkında bilgi vermeyi amaçlarken ters yüz edilmiş sınıfların Eğitim Bilişim Ağı (EBA) tabanlı kullanımına yer vermektedir. Literatür taramasına dayanan nitel bir eğitim araştırması olan bu çalışmada anahtar kelime yardımıyla literatür taraması yapılmıştır. Bu yöntemle ulaşılan kaynaklar, araştırmanın desteklenmesi ve sonuca ulaşmasında kullanılmıştır.
Flexible Designing of Large Sports Complex
Authors: Kośmieja M. , Pasławski J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract The article presents the ideas of flexible design in the construction sector. Flexibility in the construction sector was discussed and defined between typical and flexible approaches to design. The idea applied during the economic effectiveness analysis of construction projects was introduced. The issue of flexibility was discussed based on the example of construction of a sports facility - The National Stadium in Warsaw. An effectiveness analysis was applied for variant solutions.
Studies on the Microstructure of Epoxy-Cement Composites
Authors: Łukowski P. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract Introduction of polymers into the cement composites improves same of the properties of concretes and mortars. Therefore, the polymer-cement composites are successfully used in construction. The model of microstructure formation in cement composites modified with thermoplastic polymer (pre-mix modifiers) has already been developed and successfully implemented. However, the formation of microstructure in the case of epoxy-cement composites ( containing post-mix modifier) demonstrates same peculiarities which should be taken into account when modelling the process. The microstructure of epoxy-cement composites and its formation is discussed in the paper. The model is offered, formulated on the basis of the microscopic observations and results of testing.
Three-Point Bending of Seven Layer Beams – Theoretical and Experimental Studies
Authors: Magnucka-Blandzi E. , Paczos P. , Wasilewicz P. , Wypych A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract The subject of the analytical and experimental studies therein is of two metal seven-layer beam - plate bands. The first beam - plate band is composed of a lengthwise trapezoidally corrugated main core and two crosswise trapezoidally corrugated cores of faces. The second beam - plate band is composed of a crosswise trapezoidally corrugated main core and two lengthwise trapezoidally corrugated cores of faces. The hypotheses of deformation of a normal to the middle surface of the beams after bending are formulated. Equations of equilibrium are derived based on the theorem of minimum total potential energy. Three-point bending of the simply supported beams is theoretically and experimentally studied. The deflections of the two beams are determined with two methods, compared and presented.
Life Cycle Cost Modelling of Buildings with Consideration of the Risk
Authors: Plebankiewicz E. , Zima K. , Wieczorek D. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract The paper presents an approach to evaluating a building throughout its whole life cycle in relation to its sustainable development. It describes basic tools and techniques of evaluating and analysing the costs in the whole life cycle of the building, such as Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Management, Life Cycle Cost and Social Life Cycle Assessment. The aim of the paper is to propose a model of cost evaluation throughout the building life cycle. The model is based on the fuzzy sets theory which allows the calculations to include the risks associated with the sustainable development, with the management of the investment and with social costs. Costs incurred in the subsequent phases of the building life cycle are analysed and modelled separately by means of a membership function. However, the effect of the analysis is a global cost evaluation for the whole life cycle of the building.
The Application of Multi-Criteria Analysis in the Evaluation of Partering Relations and the Selection of a Construction Company for the Purposes of Cooperation
Authors: Radziszewska-Zielina E. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The influence that general contractors and subcontractors have on the operation of a company is immense. Keeping this in mind, the authors have decided to develop and algorithm based on the analysis of partnering relations between construction companies that would select the best possible construction company for the purposes of cooperation. This algorithm, developed for a given construction company, is meant to support its decision-making system in the field of the selection of another construction company to cooperate with. The author has made references to earlier research, in which she had used the ELECTRE III method, and in which she bad analysed the possibility of applying the BIPOLAR method in order to solve the problem of the selection of a construction company to develop partnering relations with. The author provided an example of the calculations performed for a selection of construction companies.
Dynamics of an Orthotropic Railway Bridge in the Light of European Standards
Authors: Zbiciak A. , Oleszek R. , Michalczyk R. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract The paper presents selected aspects of dynamic numerical simulations of an orthotropic steel railway bridge loaded by high-speed trains. The model of moving loads was adopted in accordance with the models set out in the applicable standards. The current European code requirements are referred in which the computer calculations of the dynamic response of the structure are the basis for assessing the suitability of the structure to carry high-speed rail traffic (v > 160 km/h). In this research the calculations are based on the author’s method of generating traffic loads in Abaqus FEM environment. It is emphasized in the paper that in most commercial FEM codes (including Abaqus), moving loads are not implemented in modules responsible for defining of loads. The author’s approach to this issue allowed to obtain results confirming its adequacy. In the longer term, the authors will develop a plan to adapt this algorithm in order to generate traffic loads on bridges discretized as spatial and plane numerical models.
Statistical analysis of entropy generation in longitudinally finned tube heat exchanger with shell side nanofluid by a single phase approach
Authors: Konchada Pavan Kumar , Pv Vinay , Bhemuni Varaprasad 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe presence of nanoparticles in heat exchangers ascertained increment in heat transfer. The present work focuses on heat transfer in a longitudinal finned tube heat exchanger. Experimentation is done on longitudinal finned tube heat exchanger with pure water as working fluid and the outcome is compared numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package based on finite volume method for different flow rates. Further 0.8% volume fraction of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanofluid is considered on shell side. The simulated nanofluid analysis has been carried out using single phase approach in CFD by updating the user-defined functions and expressions with thermophysical properties of the selected nanofluid. These results are thereafter compared against the results obtained for pure water as shell side fluid. Entropy generated due to heat transfer and fluid flow is calculated for the nanofluid. Analysis of entropy generation is carried out using the Taguchi technique. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results show that the inlet temperature on shell side has more pronounced effect on entropy generation.
Ethics-related practices in Internet-based applied linguistics research
Authors: Tao Jian , Shao Qing , Gao Xuesong 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Drawing on an analytic framework developed from ethical research guidelines and the relevant literature, this study analyzes and discusses the ways ethical issues were addressed by authors of 72 relevant journal articles on online self-representation in the field of applied linguistics. The results illustrate how researchers undertook efforts to fulfill ethical responsibilities in Internet-based research. They show how researchers’ self-narrated concerns and contextual conditions have mediated ethics-related research practices as reported in these studies. The results indicate the need for researchers to enhance critical awareness and assessment of potential ethical issues when conducting Internet-based research. Such critical awareness is essential for researchers to initiate and sustain an ongoing dialogue concerning ethics-related research practices in Internet-based applied linguistics research.
On the performance of commercially available corrosion-resistant nickel alloys: a review
Authors: Sequeira César A.C. , Cardoso David S.P. , Amaral Luís , Šljukić Biljana , Santos Diogo M.F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe corrosion behavior of nickel (Ni)-based alloys used for low-temperature aqueous or condensed systems is reviewed in detail in this paper. Commercially available pure Ni, nickel-copper (Ni-Cu), nickel-molybdenum (Ni-Mo), nickel-chromium-molybdenum (Ni-Cr-Mo), and nickel-chromium-iron (Ni-Cr-Fe) alloys as well as cast Ni-based alloys are addressed. It is shown that Ni-Cr-Mo alloys are multipurpose alloys that can be used in both reducing and oxidizing conditions. Special attention is given to a few Ni alloys, which not only extend the range of usefulness of existing alloys by overcoming their limitations but are also reliable and cost-effective and have opened new areas of applications.
Double Acceptance Sampling Plan for Time-Truncated Life Tests Based on Half Normal Distribution
Authors: Al-Omari Amer I. , Al-Nasser Amjad D. , Gogah Fatima Salem 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this work, we investigate a double acceptance sampling plan (DASP) based on truncated life tests when the lifetime of a product follows the half normal distribution. By fixing the consumer’s confidence level, the minimum sample sizes of the first and second samples needful to assert the specified mean life are calculated. The operating characteristic values and the minimum ratios of the mean life to the specified life are also analyzed. Several important tables are provided and a numerical example is given to illustrate the results.