bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of registry and government evaluation data to ascertain severe trauma cases in Japan
Authors: Nakahara Shinji , Sakamoto Tetsuya , Fujita Takashi , Koyama Tomohide , Katayama Yoichi , Tanabe Seizan , Yamamoto Yasuhiro 
Published: August 2017

AimsAccurate evaluation of health care quality requires high‐quality data, and case ascertainment (confirming eligible cases and deaths) is a foundation for accurate data collection. This study examined the accuracy of case ascertainment from two Japanese data sources.MethodsUsing hospital‐level data, we investigated the concordance in ascertaining trauma cases between a nationwide trauma registry (the Japan Trauma Data Bank) and annual government evaluations of tertiary hospitals between April 2012 and March 2013. We compared the median values for trauma case volumes, numbers of deaths, and case fatality rates from both data sources, and also evaluated the variability in discrepancies for the intrahospital differences of these outcomes.ResultsThe analyses included 136 hospitals. In the registry and annual evaluation data, the median case volumes were 120.5 cases and 180.5 cases, respectively; the median numbers of deaths were 11 and 12, respectively; and the median case fatality rates were 8.1% and 6.4%, respectively. There was broad variability in the intrahospital differences in these outcomes.ConclusionsThe observed discordance between the two data sources implies that these data sources may have inaccuracies in case ascertainment. Measures are needed to evaluate and improve the accuracy of data from these sources.
Cooperative Supramolecular Polymerization of Fluorescent Platinum Acetylides for Optical Waveguide Applications
Authors: Wang Xiao , Han Yifei , Liu Yingying , Zou Gang , Gao Zhao , Wang Feng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOne‐dimensional organic structures with well‐oriented π‐aggregation, strong emission, and ease of processability are desirable for optoelectronic waveguiding devices. Herein, a strategy is developed to attain this objective by self‐assembling platinum(II) acetylides into fluorescent supramolecular polymers via cooperative mechanism. The resulting high‐molecular‐weight supramolecular polymers are capable of forming electrospun microfibers with uniform geometry and smooth surface, which enable light propagation with extremely low scattering loss (0.008 dB μm−1). With the elaborate combination of bottom‐up supramolecular polymerization and top‐down electrospinning techniques, this work offers a novel and versatile avenue toward high‐performance optical waveguiding materials.
Produktion von Methanol und Ethanol aus Methan in einem einzigen Reaktor mit einem Nickeloxid auf Ceroxid‐Zirconiumoxid‐Katalysator
Authors: Okolie Chukwuemeka , Belhseine Yasmeen F. , Lyu Yimeng , Yung Matthew M. , Engelhard Mark H. , Kovarik Libor , Stavitski Eli , Sievers Carsten 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDie Umwandlung von Methan in Alkohole unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen ist eine vielversprechende Technologie für die Nutzung abgelegener Methanvorkommen. Die flüssigen Alkohole können in Pipelines transportiert und zu wertvolleren Chemikalien weiterverarbeitet werden. Hier wird gezeigt, dass ein Katalysator aus Nickeloxidpartikeln auf einen Ceroxid‐Zirconiumoxid‐Träger (NiO/CZ) Methan in einem einzigen, kontinuierlich betriebenen Reaktor zu Methanol und Ethanol umwandeln kann. Die Reaktion geschieht bei milden Temperaturen (723 K) mit O2 als Oxidationsmittel. Die Produktion von Alkoholen erfordert die Gegenwart von Wasserdampf, um die vollständige Oxidation zu CO2 zu unterdrücken. Die Synergie zwischen Lewis‐aciden NiO‐Partikeln und dem redoxaktiven Ceroxid‐Zirconiumoxid‐Träger ermöglicht die ungewöhnliche Reaktivität dieses Katalysators.
Von der Präzisionssynthese von Blockcopolymeren zu Eigenschaften und Anwendungen von funktionellen Nanopartikeln
Authors: Li Xiao , Iocozzia James , Chen Yihuang , Zhao Shiqiang , Cui Xun , Wang Wei , Yu Haifeng , Lin Shaoliang , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAnorganische Nanopartikel haben sich aufgrund ihrer besonderen Eigenschaften auf zahlreichen Gebieten zu einem Forschungsschwerpunkt entwickelt. Die Steuerung der Größe und Form von Nanopartikeln ist ein wesentlicher Aspekt ihrer Synthese. Die Herstellung von anorganischen Nanopartikeln mithilfe von Blockcopolymer‐Templaten ist einer der sichersten Wege zur Einstellung der Größe und Form von Nanopartikeln mit hoher Präzision. In diesem Aufsatz erörtern wir die neuesten Fortschritte bei der Entwicklung von Blockcopolymer‐Templaten für die Herstellung von sphärischen anorganischen Nanopartikeln, die kompakte, hohle und Kern‐Schale‐Nanopartikel umfassen. Als Template dienen zum einen Micellen, die durch Selbstorganisation von linearen Blockcopolymeren gebildet werden, und zum anderen unimolekulare sternförmige Blockcopolymere. Neben der präzisen Steuerung der Größe und Morphologie werden auch nützliche Eigenschaften und Anwendungen solcher anorganischer Nanopartikel angesprochen.
Divergent C–H Annulation for Multifused N‐Heterocycles: Regio‐ and Stereospecific Cyclizations of N‐Alkynylindoles
Authors: Alam Khyarul , Hong Sung Won , Oh Kyung Hwan , Park Jin Kyoon 
Published: August 2017

AbstractN‐Alkynylindoles were divergently cyclized for the synthesis of multifused N‐heterocycles. An ortho‐aryl palladium species was added to the α position of an ynamine to generate (Z)‐6‐alkylidene/benzylidene‐6H‐isoindolo[2,1‐a]indoles, while Pt‐catalyzed β‐addition through π‐activation gave 5‐alkyl/arylindolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines. Double cyclizations using PdCl2 and oxidant afforded bright yellow benzo[7,8]indolizino[2,3,4,5‐ija]quinolines, the synthesis of which was also demonstrated in a different synthetic route.
Facile Chemoselective synthesis of 2‐(2‐(Methoxycarbonyl)‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐2‐yl)benzoic acids and 3H,3’H‐Spiro[benzofuran‐2,1′‐isobenzofuran]‐3,3′‐dione derivatives
Authors: Firoozi Neda , Roshan Zohreh , Mohammadizadeh Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2017

Oxidation of some derivatives of 4b,9b–dihydroxyindeno[1,2‐b]benzofuran‐10‐one have been investigated in detail using lead(IV) acetate in acetic acid under reflux conditions and periodic acid in aqueous ethanol at room temperature. We realized that during the first 5–15 minutes of the oxidation reactions in lead(IV) acetate/acetic acid system, 3H,3’H‐spiro[benzofuran‐2,1′‐isobenzofuran]‐3,3′‐dione derivatives have been synthesized chemo selectively, while, if the reaction mixtures stirred for additional 3 hours, the main products would be 2‐(2‐(Methoxycarbonyl)‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran‐2‐yl)benzoic acids. Moreover, room temperature oxidation of 4b,9b–dihydroxyindeno[1,2‐b]benzofuran‐10‐ones by periodic acid (H5IO6), leads to the formation of 3H,3’H‐spiro[benzofuran‐2,1′‐isobenzofuran]‐3,3′‐dione derivatives in good to excellent yields.
Functionalization in copolymers based on 4VP:DVB for the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution
Authors: Ortiz‐Palacios Jesús , Cardoso Judith , de la Cruz Marcos , Anleu Eloisa 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTAdsorption capacity for Cr(VI) ions has been evaluated on two ion‐exchange resins. A gel‐type precursor resin was obtained by suspension polymerization of 4‐vinylpyridine and divinylbenzene monomers with 40% crosslinking degree. It was quaternized with different functional groups to give two ion‐exchange resins. The R2 resin contained sulfobetaine groups, and R3 methyl groups. The resins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and solid‐state 13C CP/MAS NMR spectroscopy and by elemental analysis. An adsorption experiment was carried out by a batch equilibrium procedure. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to determine the adsorption capacity. R2 and R3 resins exhibited maximum adsorption capacity qmax = 75.8 and 56.2 mg/g, respectively. The resins achieve equilibrium in 60 min. The R3 and R2 resins showed a retention capacity of 95% and 80% for the Cr(VI) ions, respectively. The behaviors of both resins were explained well by a pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45548.
Simulation of the morphological structures of electrospun membranes
Authors: Feng Yan , Sun Runjun , Chen Meiyu , Liu Chengkun , Wang Qiushi 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, we proposed a model for the morphological structure of electrospun membranes; it was different from the random distribution of fibers in a nonwoven. On the basis of our observation and analysis of the jet path by a high‐speed camera and the electrospun membranes by scanning electron microscopy, we proposed the base circle/deposition circle model of electrospun membranes. The base circle was used to position the deposition circles. The deposition circles, distributed on or around the base circle at a specific proportion, represented the distribution of the electrospun fibers on the collector. The pore characteristics and fiber distribution were compared between the electrospun membrane and simulated membranes with different spinning times; this verified that they had similar distribution trends. A membrane was simulated with a similar magnification ratio to the actual membrane. This further verified the model. This model could be used for the homogeneity simulation of an electrospun membrane in multinozzle electrospinning, and this may be helpful for predicting electrospun membranes in practical applications. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45653.
On‐Surface Self‐Assembly of a C3‐Symmetric π‐Conjugated Molecule Family Studied by STM: Two‐Dimensional Nanoporous Frameworks
Authors: Dai Hongliang , Wang Shuai , Hisaki Ichiro , Nakagawa Shoichi , Ikenaka Nobuaki , Deng Ke , Xiao Xunwen , Zeng Qingdao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe on‐surface self‐assembled behavior of four C3‐symmetric π‐conjugated planar molecules (Tp, T12, T18, and Ex) has been investigated. These molecules are excellent building blocks for the construction of noncovalent organic frameworks in the bulk phase. Their hydrogen‐bonded 2D on‐surface self‐assemblies are observed under STM at the solid/liquid interface; these structures are very different to those in the bulk crystal. Upon combining the results of STM measurements and DFT calculations, the formation mechanism of different assemblies is revealed; in particular, the critical role of hydrogen bonding in the assemblies. This research provides us with not only a deep insight into the self‐assembled behavior of these novel functional molecules, but also a convenient approach toward the construction of 2D multiporous networks.
Leistungskriterien für Innenraumputze vor dem Hintergrund des Klimawandels und des Nutzerkomforts
Authors: Kleber Michael , Umminger Martin , Brecht Benedict , Vogel Michael , Haist Michael , Müller Harald S. , Schipper Janus W. , Wagner Andreas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAktuelle Klimaprojektionen gehen davon aus, dass die sommerlichen Temperaturen bedingt durch den Klimawandel steigen werden, die Luftfeuchte sich erhöhen wird und Extremwettersituationen in ihrer Häufigkeit zunehmen werden. Feuchtwarme (schwüle) Bedingungen werden insbesondere in Wohnräumen den Komfort der Bewohner und Nutzer beeinträchtigen. Ziel der hier vorgestellten Studie ist es, Anforderungskriterien für die technischen Eigenschaften „klimaaktiver“ Innenputze zu entwickeln, die durch ihr Feuchteaufnahme‐, ‐speicher und ‐abgabevermögen dazu geeignet sind, das Innenraumklima positiv zu beeinflussen. Die bisherigen Untersuchungen zeigen, dass angepasste Eigenschaften derartiger Putze die Feuchteregulierung und damit den Komfort verbessern können. Dafür relevante Simulationen und Experimente werden präsentiert. Es erfolgt eine Anpassung der in der Normung empfohlenen Grenzwerte für die Luftfeuchte bei sommerlichen Temperaturen und deren beispielhafte Anwendung auf die Simulationsergebnisse.
Apoptosis, Expression of PAX3 and P53, and Caspase Signal in Fetuses with Neural Tube Defects
Authors: Wang Linlin , Lin Shanshan , Yi Deqing , Huang Yun , Wang Caiyun , Jin Lei , Liu Jufen , Zhang Yali , Ren Aiguo 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundNeural tube defects (NTDs) are among the most common and severe congenital malformations of the central nervous system. Animal studies have shown that apoptosis is involved in the development of NTDs. However, little evidence is available from human studies. We aim to examine the level of apoptosis and expression of apoptosis‐regulating proteins of human terminated fetuses.MethodsA total of 37 NTD cases and 21 controls from pregnancy terminations were recruited. Tissues of the central nervous system were obtained through autopsy. Apoptosis of neuroepithelial cells was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated deoxyuridinetriphosphate nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) assay. Expression of PAX3, p53, and caspase 3/8/9 in central nervous tissue was measured using Western blotting.ResultsMore TUNEL‐positive apoptosis cells were observed in the central nervous tissue of NTD cases than those of controls (p < 0.05). In spinal cord tissue, lower PAX3 expression, higher p53 expression, and increased levels of cleaved caspase 3(17kD) and cleaved caspase 8 (18kD) were found in anencephaly cases but not in spina bifida cases when compared with controls. In brain tissue, levels of PAX3 were significantly reduced in both encephalocele and spina bifida subtypes; the expression levels of cleaved caspase 3(17 kD) of encephalocele cases and cleaved caspase 8(47/45 kD) in spina bifida cases were higher than in controls; no difference was found in the expression of p53 or caspase 9 between NTDs and controls.ConclusionThese findings provide some evidence that excessive apoptosis in fetal central nervous tissues may be associated with the development of human NTDs. Birth Defects Research 109:1596–1604, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bayesian joint modeling of bivariate longitudinal and competing risks data: An application to study patient‐ventilator asynchronies in critical care patients
Authors: Rué Montserrat , Andrinopoulou Eleni‐Rosalina , Alvares Danilo , Armero Carmen , Forte Anabel , Blanch Lluis 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMechanical ventilation is a common procedure of life support in intensive care. Patient‐ventilator asynchronies (PVAs) occur when the timing of the ventilator cycle is not simultaneous with the timing of the patient respiratory cycle. The association between severity markers and the events death or alive discharge has been acknowledged before, however, little is known about the addition of PVAs data to the analyses. We used an index of asynchronies (AI) to measure PVAs and the SOFA (sequential organ failure assessment) score to assess overall severity. To investigate the added value of including the AI, we propose a Bayesian joint model of bivariate longitudinal and competing risks data. The longitudinal process includes a mixed effects model for the SOFA score and a mixed effects beta regression model for the AI. The survival process is defined in terms of a cause‐specific hazards model for the competing risks death or alive discharge. Our model indicates that the SOFA score is strongly related to vital status. PVAs are positively associated with alive discharge but there is not enough evidence that PVAs provide a more accurate indication of death prognosis than the SOFA score alone.
Drug‐eluting stents versus coronary artery bypass grafting for left‐main coronary artery disease
Authors: Takagi Hisato , Ando Tomo , Umemoto Takuya ,   for the ALICE (All‐Literature Investigation of Cardiovascular Evidence) Group
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo compare follow‐up outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention with drug‐eluting stents (DES‐PCI) versus coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for left‐main coronary artery disease (LMCAD), we performed a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies with propensity‐score analysis.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched through November 2016. Eligible studies were RCTs or observational studies with propensity‐score analysis of DES‐PCI versus CABG enrolling patients with LMCAD and reporting ≥ 6‐month mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, or repeat revascularization (RRV). Study‐specific estimates were combined using inverse variance‐weighted averages of logarithmic hazard ratios (HRs) in the random‐effects model.ResultsWe identified 5 RCTs and 17 observational studies with propensity‐score analysis enrolling a total of 12,387 patients. Pooled analysis demonstrated a significant increase in a composite of death, MI, and RRV (with/without stroke) after DES‐PCI (HR, 1.42; P < 0.00001); no significant difference in a composite of death and MI (with/without stroke); no significant differences in mortality and stroke; a strong trend toward an increase in MI after DES‐PCI (HR, 1.44; P = 0.05); and significant increases in any (HR, 1.86; P < 0.00001), target‐vessel (HR, 3.28; P < 0.00001), and target‐lesion RRV (HR, 2.26; P = 0.003) after DES‐PCI.ConclusionsWhen compared with CABG, DES‐PCI for LMCAD was associated with increases in RRV and the composite of death, MI, and RRV (with/without stroke), despite no differences in mortality, MI, stroke, and the composite of death and MI (with/without stroke).
Immittance Data Validation by Kramers‐Kronig Relations – Derivation and Implications
Authors: Malkow T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractExplicitly based on causality, linearity (superposition) and stability (time invariance) and implicit on continuity (consistency), finiteness (convergence) and uniqueness (single valuedness) in the time domain, Kramers‐Kronig (KK) integral transform (KKT) relations for immittances are derived as pure mathematical constructs in the complex frequency domain using the two‐sided (bilateral) Laplace integral transform (LT) reduced to the Fourier domain for sufficiently rapid exponential decaying, bounded immittances. Novel anti KK relations are also derived to distinguish LTI (linear, time invariant) systems from non‐linear, unstable and acausal systems. All relations can be used to test KK transformability on the LTI principles of linearity, stability and causality of measured and model data by Fourier transform (FT) in immittance spectroscopy (IS). Also, integral transform relations are provided to estimate (conjugate) immittances at zero and infinite frequency particularly useful to normalise data and compare data. Also, important implications for IS are presented and suggestions for consistent data analysis are made which generally apply likewise to complex valued quantities in many fields of engineering and natural sciences.
Selective Ion Exchange and Photocatalysis by Zeolite‐Like Semiconducting Chalcogenide
Authors: Chen Xitong , Bu Xianhui , Lin Qipu , Mao Chengyu , Zhai Quan‐Guo , Wang Yuan , Feng Pingyun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe development of novel photocatalysts usually centers on features such as band structures, various nano‐, micro‐, or macro‐forms, and composites in efforts to tune their light absorption and charge separation efficiency. In comparison, the selectivity of photocatalysts with respect to features of reactants such as size and charge has received much less attention, in part due to the difficulty in designing semiconducting photocatalysts with uniform pore size. Here, we use crystalline porous chalcogenides as a platform to probe reactant selectivity in photocatalytic processes. The 3‐in‐1 integration of high surface area, uniform porosity, and favorable band structures in such chalcogenides makes them excellent candidates for efficient and selective photocatalytic processes. We show that their photocatalytic activity and selectivity are closely related to their differing affinity and selectivity for different guest species. In particular, unlike common solid‐state photocatalysts with neutral framework, the anionic nature of the porous chalcogenide framework used here endows them with a high degree of selectivity for cationic species in both guest exchange and closely coupled photocatalytic transformation of such guests. Another interesting discovery is the observation of an unusual ion exchange process involving a transient state of over‐saturation of exchanged ions, which can be explained by a transition from an initially kinetically controlled process to a subsequent thermodynamically controlled one. This work is part of ongoing efforts to contribute to the development of a new generation of crystalline porous photocatalysts with custom‐designed selectivity for various reactants or products.
Effects of Fluorophore Attachment on Protein Conformation and Dynamics Studied by spFRET and NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Sánchez‐Rico Carolina , Voith von Voithenberg Lena , Warner Lisa , Lamb Don C. , Sattler Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFluorescence‐based techniques are widely used to study biomolecular conformations, intra‐ and intermolecular interactions, and conformational dynamics of macromolecules. Especially for fluorescence‐based single‐molecule experiments, the choice of the fluorophore and labeling position are highly important. In this work, we studied the biophysical and structural effects that are associated with the conjugation of fluorophores to cysteines in the splicing factor U2AF65 by using single pair Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. It is shown that certain acceptor fluorophores are advantageous depending on the experiments performed. The effects of dye attachment on the protein conformation were characterized using heteronuclear NMR experiments. The presence of hydrophobic and aromatic moieties in the fluorophores can significantly affect the conformation of the conjugated protein, presumably by transient interactions with the protein surface. Guidelines are provided for carefully choosing fluorophores, considering their photophysical properties and chemical features for the design of FRET experiments, and for minimizing artifacts.
Allenols versus Allenones: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent and Tunable Allene Reactivity with Triazoles
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Cembellín Sara , Martínez del Campo Teresa , Palop Guillermo 
Published: August 2017

Abstract2‐Pyrrolines and 6‐oxo‐hexa‐2,4‐dienals have been prepared through the divergent reactions of 1‐benzenesulfonyl‐4‐aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles with functionalized allenes. The rhodium‐catalyzed reactions between allenols and 1‐benzenesulfonyl‐4‐aryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles yielded 2‐pyrrolines. This transformation is compatible with the presence of aliphatic, aromatic, heterocyclic, amide, and halogen functional groups. Interestingly, a reactivity switch took place when the allene‐tethered alcohol substrate was replaced by its ketone counterpart. When the rhodium‐catalyzed reaction of 1‐benzenesulfonyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3‐triazole was performed with allenones, acyclic 6‐oxo‐hexa‐2,4‐dienals were stereoselectively formed as (2Z,4E) isomers.
Preparation of Supported Palladium Catalysts using Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Iwanow Melanie , Finkelmeyer Jasmin , Söldner Anika , Kaiser Manuela , Gärtner Tobias , Sieber Volker , König Burkhard 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) dissolve metal salts or oxides and are used as solvent and carbon source for the preparation of supported palladium catalysts. After dissolving of the palladium salt in the DES, the pyrolysis of the mixture under nitrogen atmosphere yields catalytically active palladium on supporting material composed of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen (CNO) by a simple single step preparation method without further activation. The catalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and CHNS/O elementary analysis. The amount of functional groups on the surface of the supporting material was determined by Boehm titrations. Moreover, the activity of the prepared catalysts was evaluated in the hydrogenation of linear alkenes and compared with a commercial Pd/C catalyst.