bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Left Ventricular Size does not Modify the Effect of QRS Duration in Predicting Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: RICKARD JOHN , BARANOWSKI BRYAN , GRIMM RICHARD A. , NIEBAUER MARK , VARMA NIRAJ , TANG W.H. WILSON , WILKOFF BRUCE L. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundQRS duration (QRSd) may be impacted by both left ventricular (LV) dilatation and conduction delay. It is possible therefore that the same QRSd may portend significantly different amounts of LV activation delay in patients with small versus large left ventricles. We hypothesized that LV size modifies the effect of QRSd on predicting outcomes in patients undergoing CRT implant.MethodsWe extracted data on consecutive patients presenting for initial CRT implant. In patients with a follow‐up echocardiogram, response was defined as an absolute improvement in LV ejection fraction ≥5%. Multivariate models were created to determine if left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVEDD) modified the effect of QRSd on its association with both long‐term survival free of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and heart transplant and echocardiographic response.Results464 patients met inclusion criteria. At a mean follow‐up of 4.9 ± 2.6 years, there were 210 deaths, 13 heart transplants, and 12 LVAD placements. There was a weak but significant correlation between baseline QRSd and LVEDD (Spearman's Rho 0.106, P < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis, there was no evidence of effect modification of LVEDD on QRSd (LVEDDi*QRS interaction term HR 1.0 [0.995–1.006], P = 0.94). Note that 305 patients had a follow‐up echocardiogram, of whom 193 met the criteria for response. In a multivariate analysis, there was no evidence of effect modification of LVEDD on QRSd (LVEDDi*QRS interaction term odds ratio 0.998 (0.988–1.008), P = 0.65).ConclusionLV size does not modify the effect of QRSd and its association with outcomes following CRT. The correlation between LV size and QRSd in patients with a QRSd ≥ 120 ms is weak.
Root cortical senescence decreases root respiration, nutrient content and radial water and nutrient transport in barley
Authors: Schneider Hannah M. , Wojciechowski Tobias , Postma Johannes A. , Brown Kathleen M. , Lücke Andreas , Zeisler Viktoria , Schreiber Lukas , Lynch Jonathan P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe functional implications of root cortical senescence (RCS) are poorly understood. We tested the hypotheses that RCS in barley (1) reduces the respiration and nutrient content of root tissue; (2) decreases radial water and nutrient transport; and (3) is accompanied by increased suberization to protect the stele. Genetic variation for RCS exists between modern germplasm and landraces. Nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency increased the rate of RCS. Maximal RCS, defined as the disappearance of the entire root cortex, reduced root nitrogen content by 66%, phosphorus content by 63% and respiration by 87% compared with root segments with no RCS. Roots with maximal RCS had 90, 92 and 84% less radial water, nitrate and phosphorus transport, respectively, compared with segments with no RCS. The onset of RCS coincided with 30% greater aliphatic suberin in the endodermis. These results support the hypothesis that RCS reduces root carbon and nutrient costs and may therefore have adaptive significance for soil resource acquisition. By reducing root respiration and nutrient content, RCS could permit greater root growth, soil resource acquisition and resource allocation to other plant processes. RCS merits investigation as a trait for improving the performance of barley, wheat, triticale and rye under edaphic stress.
Prevention of DNA damage in human skin by topical sunscreens
Authors: Olsen Catherine M. , Wilson Louise F. , Green Adèle C. , Biswas Neela , Loyalka Juhi , Whiteman David C. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackground/purposeThere is strong evidence that topical sunscreens, designed to protect against ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐induced erythema, decrease the amount of UVR to which the skin is exposed, but their effectiveness in reducing UVR‐induced DNA damage in vivo has not been well quantified.MethodsWe systematically reviewed the published literature (1990‐2015) to determine whether sunscreens prevent DNA damage in human skin when applied prior to UVR exposure. We included experimental studies measuring UVR‐induced DNA damage in human skin in vivo with and without sunscreens and excluded studies conducted in animal models and cell lines. Eligible studies were identified by computerized search of bibliographic databases, supplemented by hand‐searching the reference lists of retrieved articles.ResultsWe identified ten eligible studies. Despite heterogeneity in methodological approaches, including the sun protection factors of the sunscreens assessed, range of skin types examined, the UVR exposure time and dose, the timing of post‐irradiation biopsies and in the markers of DNA damage examined, all studies reported markedly reduced (or nil) UVR‐induced DNA damage on sunscreen‐protected skin.ConclusionOur review of the experimental evidence supports a protective effect of topical sunscreens in preventing UVR‐induced DNA damage in human skin cells in vivo.
Responsibility and Global Justice
Authors: Risse Mathias 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe two traditional ways of thinking about justice at the global level either limit the applicability of justice to states—the only distributions that can be just or unjust, strictly speaking, are within the state—or else extend it to all human beings. The view I defend in On Global Justice (Risse ) rejects both of these approaches. Instead, my view, and thus my attempt at meeting the aforementioned challenge, acknowledges the existence of multiple grounds of justice. My purpose here is to explain what my view has to say about responsibility. First of all, I explain what my view implies about the responsibilities of the state for the realization of justice. Then I explain that in addition to obligations of justice, my view also gives rise to obligations of account‐giving. I end by sketching what all this implies for institutional reform at the global level.
Escherichia coli contamination of child complementary foods and association with domestic hygiene in rural Bangladesh
Authors: Parvez Sarker Masud , Kwong Laura , Rahman Musarrat Jabeen , Ercumen Ayse , Pickering Amy J. , Ghosh Probir K , Rahman Md. Zahidur , Das Kishor Kumar , Luby Stephen P. , Unicomb Leanne 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the frequency and concentration of Escherichia coli in child complementary food and its association with domestic hygiene practices in rural Bangladesh.MethodA total of 608 households with children <2 years were enrolled. We collected stored complementary food samples, performed spot checks on domestic hygiene and measured ambient temperature in the food storage area. Food samples were analysed using the IDEXX most probable number (MPN) method with Colilert‐18 media to enumerate E. coli. We calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) to assess the relationship between E. coli and domestic hygiene practices using modified Poisson regression, adjusting for clustering and confounders.ResultFifty‐eight percentage of stored complementary food was contaminated with E. coli, and high levels of contamination (≥100 MPN/dry g food) were found in 12% of samples. High levels of food contamination were more prevalent in compounds where the food was stored uncovered (APR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2–3.2), transferred from the storage pot to the serving dish using hands (APR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3–3.2) or stored for >4 h (APR: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.5, 4.2), in compounds where water was unavailable in the food preparation area (APR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.6, 4.2), where ≥1 fly was captured in the food preparation area (APR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.6), or where the ambient temperature was high (>25–40 °C) in the food storage area (APR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5, 4.4).ConclusionInterventions to keep stored food covered and ensure water availability in the food preparation area would be expected to reduce faecal contamination of complementary foods.
Blood Group Antigen Matching Influence on Gestational Outcomes (AMIGO) study
Authors: Delaney Meghan , Wikman Agneta , van de Watering Leo , Schonewille Henk , Verdoes Jennie P. , Emery Stephen P. , Murphy Michael F. , Staves Julie , Flach Susanne , Arnold Donald M. , Kaufman Richard M. , Ziman Alyssa , Harm Sarah K. , Fung Mark , Eppes Catherine S. , Dunbar Nancy M. , Buser Andreas , Meyer Erin , Savoia Helen , Abeysinghe Padmakumari , Heddle Nancy , Tinmouth Alan , Traore Aicha N. , Yazer Mark H. ,   for the BEST Collaborative
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDRed blood cell (RBC) antigen matching policies to prevent alloimmunization in females of childbearing potential (FCP) vary between centers. To inform transfusion centers responsible for making decisions about matching policies for FCPs, the causal stimulus of the antibodies implicated in severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) must be determined.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWe conducted a multinational retrospective study of women with offspring affected by severe HDFN requiring neonatal exchange transfusion and/or intrauterine transfusion. Mothers treated at centers that provide extended antigen‐negative RBCs (MATCH, five centers) and those that do not (NoMATCH, nine centers) were compared.RESULTSA total of 293 mothers had at least one affected pregnancy: 179 at MATCH centers and 114 at NoMATCH centers. Most alloimmunization (83%) was attributed to previous pregnancy: 3% to transfusion (two cases at MATCH, six at NoMATCH centers) and 14% undetermined (both antecedent transfusion and pregnancy). Only 50 mothers had received transfusions; 13 had HDFN due to anti‐K at MATCH and four at NoMATCH centers. Most (12/13, 92%) of the anti‐K HDFN cases at MATCH centers had K+ paternal antigen status. Mothers at the MATCH centers do not appear to be protected from HDFN due to K, C, c, and E antibodies, although the low number of FCPs who received transfusions precluded drawing firm conclusions.CONCLUSIONThe causal stimulus of antibodies that cause HDFN is predominantly from previous pregnancy. Although extended RBC matching for FCPs may impart some protection from allosensitization, we were unable to show a positive effect, possibly because matching policies are not uniform and there was a small number of mothers who previously received transfusions.
Qualitative assessment of pica experienced by frequent blood donors
Authors: Chansky Melanie C. , King Melissa R. , Bialkowski Walter , Bryant Barbara J. , Kiss Joseph E. , D'Andrea Pam , Cable Ritchard G. , Spencer Bryan R. , Mast Alan E. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDPica, the compulsive consumption of ice or other nonnutritious substances, is associated with iron deficiency, a common negative consequence of frequent blood donation. Because of this, blood donors, such as those participating in the Strategies to Reduce Iron Deficiency (STRIDE) study, are an ideal population to explore pica and iron deficiency.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSSTRIDE was a 2‐year intervention trial to assess the effectiveness of iron supplementation for mitigating iron deficiency in frequent blood donors. Subjects completed baseline and follow‐up questionnaires that included questions about pica symptoms. In‐depth telephone interviews were conducted with 14 of these subjects reporting pica symptoms and eight presumed controls (casual ice chewers) to gain a deeper understanding of pica symptoms and their impact on daily life and to make a final determination on the presence of pica.RESULTSPica was confirmed in five of the 14 subjects reporting symptoms and in two of eight controls. Outcome misclassification based on the questionnaire was attributed to inadequate assessment of several pica symptoms identified during the interview. Comparison of subjects' repeated quantitative iron measurements taken throughout STRIDE with subjects' final adjudicated pica status revealed a positive relationship between development of pica and worsening iron status; the opposite was found in those whose pica symptoms resolved.CONCLUSIONContinued refinement of pica symptom questions will allow for rapid and accurate detection of pica in frequent blood donors and confirmation of successful treatment with iron supplements.
Allergen‐specific immunotherapy prescription patterns in veterinary practice: aUSpopulation‐based cohort study
Authors: Tater Kathy Chu , Cole William Elliott , Pion Paul David 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundPoor adherence to continuing allergen‐specific immunotherapy treatment (ASIT) may be an issue in veterinary medicine. No studies describe how allergen tests are used in general veterinary practice, including the percentage of patients that receiveASITafter allergen testing.Hypothesis/ObjectivesAssess veterinaryASITpatterns in United States general practices.AnimalsDogs (n = 2,557) and 121 cats allergen‐tested at 177 hospitals (173 general practice and four specialty practices) in 44 states.MethodsInvoiced service descriptions of allergen tests andASITorders were retrieved from an aggregated database of veterinary practices.ResultsIn general practice, 42% (992 of 2,360) of patients did not beginASITafter allergen testing.ASITwas not refilled for 29% (398 of 1,368) of patients after the initial order.ASITwas initiated and refilled more often in dogs (56.6%, 71.4%, respectively) than cats (38%, 67.4%). Specialty practice patients had the highestASITinitiation (94.4%) and refill (92.7%) percentages in comparison to general practices (P < 0.001). Size, age, geographical region and type of practice were associated with whether dogs were started onASIT. Geographical region was also associated with refilling a prescription forASIT, which was considered to be evidence of adherence to continuing treatment.Conclusions and clinical importanceAlmost one third of clients failed to continueASITbeyond the initial order, which is a much shorter duration of therapy than the 12 months recommended for determiningASITefficacy. A large number of general practice patients did not beginASITafter allergen testing, likely due to differences in how clinicians in general and dermatology practices use allergen tests.
Effect of prophylactic topical hypotensive medications in reducing the incidence of postoperative ocular hypertension after phacoemulsification in dogs
Authors: Dees D. Dustin , Spahn Kate J. , Wagner Lynsey Smith , Greller Andrew , Paglia Danielle , Armour Micki D. , Madsen Richard 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether topical hypotensive medications prevent postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) after phacoemulsification.Animals studied52 client‐owned dogs (88 eyes).ProceduresDiabetic and nondiabetic dogs having undergone phacoemulsification were included in this retrospective study. The control group received no ocular hypotensive medications. The treatment groups received latanoprost, dorzolamide, or dorzolamide/timolol, beginning immediately after surgery, for 2‐week duration.IOPs were obtained at initial examination followed by 4 h, 24 h, 7 days, and 14 days postoperatively.POHwas defined as anIOPabove 20 mmHg (POH20) or 25 mmHg (POH25).ResultsPOH20 occurred in 33 of 87 eyes (37.93%), including 11 of 21 eyes (52.38%) in the control group, three of 23 eyes (13.04%) in the latanoprost group, eight of 15 eyes (53.33%) in the dorzolamide group, and 11 of 28 eyes (39.29%) in the dorzolamide/timolol group. Active treatment groups were compared to the control group, and the overall group effect was not significant (P= 0.11).POH25 occurred in 22 of 86 eyes (25.58%), including seven of 21 eyes (33.33%) in the control group, two of 23 eyes (8.70%) in the latanoprost group, five of 15 eyes (33.33%) in the dorzolamide group, and eight of 27 eyes (29.63%) in the dorzolamide/timolol group. Active treatment groups were compared to the control group, and the overall group effect was not significant (P= 0.31). Intraoperative use of intracameral tissue plasminogen activator significantly decreased the chances ofPOH25 (P= 0.0063).Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe latanoprost group had a substantially lower percentage ofPOH20 andPOH25 compared to the control and other active treatment groups, although statistical significance was not achieved. Intraoperative intracameral tissue plasminogen activator decreased the incidence ofPOH25.
A Comparison of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage Following Maximal Eccentric Contractions in Men and Boys
Authors: Deli Chariklia K. , Fatouros Ioannis G. , Paschalis Vassilis , Georgakouli Kalliopi , Zalavras Athanasios , Avloniti Alexandra , Koutedakis Yiannis , Jamurtas Athanasios Z. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:Research regarding exercise-induced muscle-damage mainly focuses on adults. The present study examined exercise-induced muscle-damage responses in adults compared with children.Method:Eleven healthy boys (10–12 y) and 15 healthy men (18–45 y) performed 5 sets of 15 maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. Range of motion (ROM), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) during squat and walking, and peak isometric, concentric and eccentric torque were assessed before, post, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hr postexercise. Creatine kinase (CK) activity was assessed before and 72 hr postexercise.Results:Eccentric exercise resulted in DOMS during squat that persisted for up to 96h in men, and 48 hr in boys (p < .05), and DOMS during walking that persisted for up to 72 hr in men, and 48 hr in boys (p < .01). The ROM was lower in both age groups 48 hr postexercise (p < .001). Isometric (p < .001), concentric (p < .01) and eccentric (p < .01) force decreased post, and up to 48 hr postexercise in men. Except for a reduction in isometric force immediately after exercise, no other changes occurred in boys’ isokinetic force. CK activity increased in men at 72 hr postexercise compared with pre exercise levels (p = .05).Conclusion:Our data provide further confirmation that children are less susceptible to exercise-induced muscle damage compared with adults.
Exercise-Induced Hypoxemia in Juvenile Thyroid Carcinoma With Lung Metastases
Authors: Segerer Florian J. , Biko Johannes , Reiners Christoph , Wirth Clemens , Hebestreit Helge 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH) has been reported in patients with juvenile thyroid cancer treated with radioiodine for lung metastases. This retrospective study tested the hypothesis that EIAH is due to ventilation-perfusion-mismatch in this rare pulmonary condition.Method:50 patients (age 13–23 years) treated for juvenile thyroid carcinoma and lung metastasis with 131I and 24 controls with thyroid cancer but without lung metastases and prior 131I-treatment were assessed in a state of acute hypothyroidism by com-puted tomography of the lungs, pulmonary function testing, cardiopulmonary exercise test with measurements of gas exchange, oxygen saturation, alveolar-arterial difference in pO2 (p(A-a)O2) and pCO2 (p(ET-a)CO2).Results:10 of the 50 patients with lung metastases showed EIAH. They had more pronounced pulmonary fibrosis on computed tomography, a widened p(A-a)O2, and p(ET-a)CO2, a lower DVE/DVCO2-slope, a lower respiratory rate and no increased dead space ventilation. A more pronounced EIAH was associated with male gender, younger age, lower diffusion capacity, higher p(ET-a)CO2 during exercise and a higher peak exercise tidal volume over vital capacity ratio.Conclusion:EIAH in patients with thyroid carcinoma and pulmonary metastases is not related to ventilation-perfusion mismatch but to alveolar hypoventilation, possibly related to an increased work of breathing with pulmonary fibrosis.
JAK Mutations as Escape Mechanisms to Anti–PD-1 Therapy
Authors: Marabelle Aurelien , Aspeslagh Sandrine , Postel-Vinay Sophie , Soria Jean-Charles 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Summary: JAK mutations could be one of the primary escape mechanisms to anti–PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy via impaired IFNγ signaling in cancer cells and could be used to identify patients unlikely to benefit from these treatments. Cancer Discov; 7(2); 128–30. ©2017 AACR.
See related article by Shin et al., p. 188.
Reply to “Comment on ‘Using an ADCP to Estimate Turbulent Kinetic Energy Dissipation Rate in Sheltered Coastal Waters’”
Authors: Greene A. D. , Hendricks P. J. , Gregg M. C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis note is a comment in response to Gargett, who argues that a large-eddy estimate of turbulent dissipation rate using a horizontal length scale with a vertical velocity estimate, as in Greene et al., is a dubious approximation if the energy-containing eddies are anisotropic. A simulation of Langmuir cells and associated turbulence is used to support Gargett’s conclusions. This rebuttal reviews the approaches taken by Greene et al. and cites several instances of flawed reasoning by Gargett. This includes using Langmuir simulations to support the primary conclusion of Gargett, which seems unconnected to Greene et al.’s data and ignores a vast body of work on simulating Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities, widely considered to be the dominant mechanism producing stratified turbulence.
The implications of Australian women’s precarious employment for the later pension age
Authors: Sheen Veronica 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe increase in pension eligibility ages in Australia, as elsewhere, throws into relief the consequences of gender inequality in employment. Because of career histories in lower paid and more insecure employment, a higher percentage of women than men are dependent on the age pension rather than on superannuation or savings and investments, and so will be disproportionately affected by deferred access. Yet, fewer women than men hold the types of ‘good jobs’ that will sustain them into an older age. Women are more likely to be sequestered in precarious employment, with reduced job quality and a greater potential for premature workforce exit. This article counterposes macro-level data drawn from national cross-sectional labour force statistics and the longitudinal Household Income and Labour Dynamics Australia survey, with case study analysis, based on interviews with 38 women in midlife insecure jobs, in order to identify the types of life course and labour market barriers that contribute to women’s reliance on the pension and the systemic disadvantage that will render them particularly vulnerable to any further erosion of this safety net. The analysis moves between this empirical evidence and a discussion, drawing on the theoretical literature, of the failure in equal opportunity endeavours over recent decades and what this means for later life workforce participation for women.