bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collagen/gold nanoparticle nanocomposites: A potential skin wound healing biomaterial
Authors: Akturk Omer , Kismet Kemal , Yasti Ahmet C , Kuru Serdar , Duymus Mehmet E , Kaya Feridun , Caydere Muzaffer , Hucumenoglu Sema , Keskin Dilek 
Published: April 2016

In this study, nanocomposite collagen scaffolds incorporating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared for wound healing applications. Initially, dose (<20 ppm) and size (>20 nm) of AuNPs that were not cytotoxic on HaCat keratinocytes and 3T3 fibroblasts were determined. Both collagen sponges and AuNP-incorporated nanocomposites (CS-Au) were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (CS-X and CS-AuX). Incorporation of AuNPs into cross-linked scaffolds enhanced their stability against enzymatic degradation and increased the tensile strength. Hydrolytic degradation of CS-Au group was also less than CS after seven days. Upon confirming in vitro biocompatibility of the scaffolds with cytotoxicity assays, cell attachment and proliferation tests and the in vivo efficacy for healing of full-thickness skin wounds were investigated by applying CS-X, CS-AuX or a commercial product (Matriderm®) onto defect sites and covering with Ioban® drapes. Defects were covered only with drapes for untreated control group. The wound areas were examined with histopathological and biomechanical tests after 14 days of operation. CS-AuX group was superior to untreated control and Matriderm®; it suppressed the inflammation while significantly promoting granulation tissue formation. Inflammatory reaction against CS-AuX was milder than CS-X. Neovascularization was also higher in CS-AuX than other groups, though the result was not significant. Wound closure in CS-X (76%), CS-AuX (69%), and Matriderm® (65%) were better than untreated control (45%). CS-AuX group had the highest tensile strength (significantly higher than Matriderm®) and modulus (significantly higher than Matriderm® and CS-X), indicating a faster course of dermal healing. Further studies are also needed to investigate whether higher loading of AuNPs affects these results positively in a statistically meaningful manner. Overall, their contribution to the enhancement of degradation profiles and mechanical properties, their excellent in vitro biocompatibility, and tendency to accelerate wound healing are encouraging the use of AuNPs in collagen sponges as potent skin substitutes in the future.
Recruitment for a hospital-based pragmatic clinical trial using volunteer nurses and students
Authors: Blewer Audrey L , Li Jiaqi , Ikeda Daniel J , Leary Marion , Buckler David G , Riegel Barbara , Desai Sunita , Groeneveld Peter W , Putt Mary E , Abella Benjamin S 
Published: April 2016

Background/aims: Recruitment of subjects is critical to the success of any clinical trial, but achieving this goal can be a challenging endeavor. Volunteer nurse and student enrollers are potentially an important source of recruiters for hospital-based trials; however, little is known of either the efficacy or cost of these types of enrollers. We assessed volunteer clinical nurses and health science students in their rates of enrolling family members in a hospital-based, pragmatic clinical trial of cardiopulmonary resuscitation education, and their ability to achieve target recruitment goals. We hypothesized that students would have a higher enrollment rate and are more cost-effective compared to nurses. Methods: Volunteer nurses and student enrollers were recruited from eight institutions. Participating nurses were primarily bedside nurses or nurse educators while students were pre-medical, pre-nursing, and pre-health students at local universities. We recorded the frequency of enrollees recruited into the clinical trial by each enroller. Enrollers’ impressions of recruitment were assessed using mixed-methods surveys. Cost was estimated based on enrollment data. Overall enrollment data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and generalized estimating equations. Results: From February 2012 to November 2014, 260 hospital personnel (167 nurses and 93 students) enrolled 1493 cardiac patients’ family members, achieving target recruitment goals. Of those recruited, 822 (55%) were by nurses, while 671 (45%) were by students. Overall, students enrolled 5.44 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.88, 10.27) more subjects per month than nurses (p < 0.01). After consenting to participate in recruitment, students had a 2.85 (95% CI: 1.09, 7.43) increased chance of enrolling at least one family member (p = 0.03). Among those who enrolled at least one subject, nurses enrolled a mean of 0.51(95% CI: 0.42, 0.59) subjects monthly, while students enrolled 1.63 (95% CI: 1.37, 1.90) per month (p < 0.01). Of 198 surveyed hospital personnel (127 nurses, 71 students), 168/198 (85%) felt confident conducting enrollment. The variable cost per enrollee recruited was $25.38 per subject for nurses and $23.30 per subject for students. Conclusions: Overall, volunteer students enrolled more subjects per month at a lower cost than nurses. This work suggests that recruitment goals for a pragmatic clinical trial can be successfully obtained using both nurses and students.
The Association Between Progesterone, Estradiol, and Oxytocin and Heat Pain Measures in Pregnancy: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Frölich Michael A. , Banks Catiffaney , Warren William , Robbins Meredith , Ness Timothy 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:
Hormonal action has been implicated as a possible mechanism for pregnancy-induced analgesia. Previous investigators have reported an increase in heat pain tolerance during labor compared with nonpregnant controls and postulated it was because of the hormonal changes during pregnancy. However, these previous reports did not include measurement of hormonal values. The purpose of our study was to quantitatively test if changes in pregnancy hormone concentrations correlated with changes in temperature ratings.

METHODS:
This was a prospective cohort study consisting of 32 women scheduled for elective cesarean delivery at term between July 2010 and January 2013. Heat pain threshold and tolerance, estrogen, progesterone, and oxytocin levels were measured twice in each patient at term and again 4 to 8 weeks postpartum.

RESULTS:
All hormone levels decreased significantly between term pregnancy and the postpartum visit (all P values < 0.029). However, there were no statistically significant differences between term and postpartum heat pain measurements. The mean baseline heat pain threshold was 40.9°C at term compared with 40.3°C °postpartum (P = 0.47; mean change, −0.6°C; 95% confidence interval of change, −1.8°C to +0.7°C). The mean baseline heat pain tolerance was 46.1°C at term and 46.0°C postpartum (P = 0.59; mean change, −0.1°C; 95% confidence interval of change, −0.8°C° to +0.6°C).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our findings show that amounts of estradiol and progesterone changed significantly between the term and the postpartum visit; however, the thermal pain tolerance did not significantly change. In summary, we did not observe an association between hormonal changes and changes in pain threshold measures. This finding argues against the concept of simple progesterone- or estrogen-induced analgesia in humans.
The Accuracy of 6 Inexpensive Pulse Oximeters Not Cleared by the Food and Drug Administration: The Possible Global Public Health Implications
Authors: Lipnick Michael S. , Feiner John R. , Au Paul , Bernstein Michael , Bickler Philip E. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:
Universal access to pulse oximetry worldwide is often limited by cost and has substantial public health consequences. Low-cost pulse oximeters have become increasingly available with limited regulatory agency oversight. The accuracy of these devices often has not been validated, raising questions about performance.

METHODS:
The accuracy of 6 low-cost finger pulse oximeters during stable arterial oxygen saturations (Sao
2) between 70% and 100% was evaluated in 22 healthy subjects. Oximeters tested were the Contec CMS50DL, Beijing Choice C20, Beijing Choice MD300C23, Starhealth SH-A3, Jumper FPD-500A, and Atlantean SB100 II. Inspired oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide partial pressures were monitored and adjusted via a partial rebreathing circuit to achieve 10 to 12 stable target Sao
2 plateaus between 70% and 100% and Paco
2 values of 35 to 45 mm Hg. Comparisons of pulse oximeter readings (Spo
2) with arterial Sao
2 (by Radiometer ABL90 and OSM3) were used to calculate bias (Spo
2 – Sao
2) mean, precision (SD of the bias), and root mean square error (ARMS).

RESULTS:
Pulse oximeter readings corresponding to 536 blood samples were analyzed. Four of the 6 oximeters tested showed large errors (up to −6.30% mean bias, precision 4.30%, 7.53 ARMS) in estimating saturation when Sao
2 was reduced <80%, and half of the oximeters demonstrated large errors when estimating saturations between 80% and 90%. Two of the pulse oximeters tested (Contec CMS50DL and Beijing Choice C20) demonstrated ARMS of <3% at Sao
2 between 70% and 100%, thereby meeting International Organization for Standardization (ISO) criteria for accuracy.

CONCLUSIONS:
Many low-cost pulse oximeters sold to consumers demonstrate highly inaccurate readings. Unexpectedly, the accuracy of some low-cost pulse oximeters tested here performed similarly to more expensive, ISO-cleared units when measuring hypoxia in healthy subjects. None of those tested here met World Federation of Societies of Anaesthesiologists standards, and the ideal testing conditions do not necessarily translate these findings to the clinical setting. Nonetheless, further development of accurate, low-cost oximeters for use in clinical practice is feasible and, if pursued, could improve access to safe care, especially in low-income countries.
Pupilles de L'empire
Authors: Hassett Dónal 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn July 1917 French legislators conferred a special legal status on those children whose parent(s) had died or been brutally mutilated while defending the patrie: pupille de la nation. In metropolitan France, the state, working closely with preexisting philanthropic organizations, would develop a system of provision for these children based on a legal right to full compensation for the loss they had endured. In the colonies, however, the application of the program would prove far more problematic. This article uses the correspondence between the Ministry of the Colonies and colonial administrators across the empire to trace the debate surrounding a possible colonial version of the program. It contends that colonial administrators mobilized racial prejudice and cultural particularism, to different extents in different colonies, in order to water down the state's duty of care to its child victims of war, the pupilles de l'empire.
The Crucible of War
Authors: Ingram Norman 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Nineteen sixteen was the midpoint of the Great War. The bloodbath of the war of attrition reached its apogee in the Battles of Verdun and the Somme. The Ligue des Droits de l'Homme (LDH) held its first wartime congress in November 1916 with this as a backdrop. The theme of the congress was the “conditions for a lasting peace.” Two issues came to the fore. The first was France's relationship with its autocratic, undemocratic ally, imperial Russia, and in particular how to square support for all that the LDH stood for with Russia's treatment of its oppressed minorities, especially the Poles. The second was that the LDH debated calls for a negotiated end to the war, ultimately rejecting them, but only after a lengthy debate showed how the LDH was divided between a majority that believed that arbitration could be applied only in times of peace, and a minority that demanded an immediate end to the carnage, operating within a nineteenth-century episteme that privileged arbitration as the pacifist method of choice.
Micromotion at the tibial plateau in primary and revision total knee arthroplasty: fixedversusrotating platform designs
Authors: Small S. R. , Rogge R. D. , Malinzak R. A. , Reyes E. M. , Cook P. L. , Farley K. A. , Ritter M. A. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesInitial stability of tibial trays is crucial for long-term success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in both primary and revision settings. Rotating platform (RP) designs reduce torque transfer at the tibiofemoral interface. We asked if this reduced torque transfer in RP designs resulted in subsequently reduced micromotion at the cemented fixation interface between the prosthesis component and the adjacent bone.MethodsComposite tibias were implanted with fixed and RP primary and revision tibial trays and biomechanically tested under up to 2.5 kN of axial compression and 10° of external femoral component rotation. Relative micromotion between the implanted tibial tray and the neighbouring bone was quantified using high-precision digital image correlation techniques.ResultsRotational malalignment between femoral and tibial components generated 40% less overall tibial tray micromotion in RP designs than in standard fixed bearing tibial trays. RP trays reduced micromotion by up to 172 µm in axial compression and 84 µm in rotational malalignment models.ConclusionsReduced torque transfer at the tibiofemoral interface in RP tibial trays reduces relative component micromotion and may aid long-term stability in cases of revision TKA or poor bone quality. Cite this article: Mr S. R. Small. Micromotion at the tibial plateau in primary and revision total knee arthroplasty: fixed versus rotating platform designs. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:122–129. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.54.2000481.
Los derechos de monopolio en la Valencia del Antiguo Régimen: el ejemplo de Alfara y Burjasot durante el siglo XVII
Authors: Andrés Robres Fernando 
Published: April 2016

Como es sabido, los derechos de monopolio constituyen uno de los más sólidos pilares en que se basa el régimen señorial. No obstante, carecemos de estudios monográficos que se refieran a las características concretas que, en nuestra zona, reviste su administración y pongan de manifiesto el papel que desempeñan dentro del conjunto de relaciones económicas que, para la explotación de los señoríos, se establecen entre cualquier señor y sus vasallos. Dentro de estas coordenadas se inscribe la presente aportación, centrada en los antiguos señoríos de Alfara y Burjasot, dependientes del Colegio de Corpus Christi y sobre los que se guarda una completísima información en el Archivo del Colegio del Patriarca, que nos permite acometer tres análisis diferentes: el sistema de explotación de los monopolios; la evolución de las rentas que devengan a lo largo del siglo XVII y la importancia de los derechos en relación a las otras fuentes productoras de rentas.
La crisis política de 1799
Authors: La Parra López Emilio 
Published: April 2016

La cada vez más estrecha colaboración entre los gobiernos español y francés en virtud del compromiso adquirido a partir de 1795, con la paz de Basilea y el tratado de San Ildefonso, llevó consigo un progresivo alejamiento de España respecto a las monarquías opuestas a la Francia revolucionaria. En 1799, la situación política española tenía que verse modificada, necesariamente, por esta circunstancia. Es evidente, por una parte, que las ideas republicanas se difundían con suma facilidad en España, a pesar de la diligencia de la Inquisición y de la vigilancia aduanera. Por otro lado, la colaboración con Francia obligó a España a alinearse contra las monarquías que, guiadas por los mismos principios que la española, luchaban, ellas sí, contra la república. La contradicción en que se sumió la monarquía española era palmaria y, al mismo tiempo, resultaba preocupante el estado de los asuntos políticos internos. En 1799 estos últimos adquieren rasgos especiales que pueden proporcionar claves para entender no pocos aspectos de la crisis política de la monarquía absoluta española.
A Comparison of Different Methods for Fissure Caries Detection
Authors: Peycheva K. , Boteva E. 
Published: April 2016

Summary
The aim of the study is to compare the diagnostic capabilities of three different diagnostic methods: Quantitative Laser Fluorescence (QLF) − DIAGNOdent Classic (DD), Light-Induced Fluorescence (LIF) − SoproLife daylight and blue fluorescence, and their relevance to ICDAS II system in detection of fissure caries lesions in permanent molars. Permanent molars (n = 45) are divided in two groups: 1) third molars, n = 35; 2) first and second molars, n = 10. They are examined by 2 examiners with and without magnification x5 using ICDAS II, SoproLife “day light” and “blue light” (405nm), LIF, DIAGNOdent Classic − emitting laser light on 655nm, QLF. The results are proven with histological bucco-lingual or mesio-distal sections through the body of the lesion with diamond blade rinsed with water. Photos of all occlusal surfaces of the molars are taken before and after the sections. The lowest overdiagnosis rate is found with SoproLife camera. When visual examination is applied overdiagnoses are fewer than with DD. DD is not capable to differentiate white and brown spots from a caries lesion. Soprolife is not capable to differentiate brown spots from a caries lesion. The most accurate method in this in vitro study for diagnosis of fissure caries is LIF (SoproLife) − 75.6% of the teeth are correctly diagnosed, followed by ICDAS (57.8%) and QLF (DIAGNOdent) (40%).
A UK medical devices regulator’s perspective on registries
Authors: Wilkinson John , Crosbie Andy 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRegistries are powerful tools to support manufacturers in the fulfilment of their obligations to perform post-market surveillance and post-market clinical follow-up of implantable medical devices. They are also a valuable resource for regulators in support of regulatory action as well as in providing information around the safety of new and innovative technologies. Registries can provide valuable information on the relative performance of both generic types and manufacturer’s individual products and they complement other sources of information about device performance such as post-market clinical studies and adverse incident reporting. This paper describes the experience of the UK medical device regulator – the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) – of working with registries to monitor the safety and performance of medical devices. Based upon this experience, the authors identify a number of attributes for a registry which they consider to be key if the registry is to contribute effectively to the work of regulators on patient safety monitoring and medical device regulation.
Soybean versus other food grain legumes: A critical appraisal of the United Nations International Year of Pulses 2016
Authors: Vollmann Johann 
Published: April 2016

Summary
The United Nations have declared 2016 as the International Year of Pulses, which aims at communicating the various benefits of legume cropping and legume-protein-based food consumption. As the term “pulses” is inherently excluding soybean from other grain legumes, this review aims at challenging the scientific justification of this separation from both historical and crop science perspectives toward a better understanding of grain legumes and their contributions to food security. An analysis of the historical development and uses of the term “pulses” reveals that it is not used unambiguously throughout the recent scientific literature, and that the separation of soybean from other grain legumes occurred rather recently. Soybean, while being extensively used as an oilseed and animal feedstuff in some parts of the world, is an important protein crop species in other regions with a seed protein content of 40% and outstanding nutritional and food health properties as compared to most other grain legumes. Owing to similar agronomic features such as symbiotic nitrogen fixation and comparable seed protein properties, it does not seem scientifically justified to separate soybean from other food legumes. Therefore, focusing on “grain legumes” rather than “pulses” would better support food security and nutritional quality goals.
Sustainable pig and poultry nutrition by improvement of nutrient utilisation – A review
Authors: Schedle Karl 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIn the context of mismanagement of natural resources going with an increasing consumption of protein from animal origin through the world population, one major challenge for the future in animal nutrition is the improvement of its efficiency and hence sustainability. Up to now, a broad range of methods like feed additives or technological treatments have been available to improve the efficiency or the production of pig-derived and poultry-derived food and hence the sustainability in pig and poultry nutrition. Nevertheless, the exact knowledge of the mode of action of these tools is a prerequisite for their successful application. Furthermore, information concerning their impact on the nutrient availability of the different feedstuffs is of great importance, in order to formulate diets that cover the animals’ requirements. Diets covering the animals’ performance level ovoid undersupplies, which can lead to health problems on the on hand, on the other hand the emissions of nitrogen are kept as low as possible.As a result, the consumption of natural resources like grains can be considerably reduced and the substitution of regional by-products from the feed and food processing industry like wheat bran, dried distillers grains with solubles or rapeseed meal can be dramatically enhanced in diets for monogastric animals, thus contributing to more sustainable livestock production. By improving the efficiency of the production of animal-derived food, the term “sustainable’’ remains highly significant. Increasing efficiency plays an important role in ensuring that the resources required for pig and poultry nutrition are foreseeably available. Currently, there is a combination of different tools like feed additives or technological feed treatments the most promising way of improving sustainability in pig and poultry production systems.
Morphology of Anemone sylvestris L. flower (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Denisow Bożena , Antoń Sebastian , Wrzesień Małgorzata 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
During the monitoring of populations of Anemone sylvestris L. (Ranunculaceae), a protected species in Poland, we found that the seed set is impaired. The flower is considered an adaptation that has coevolved to achieve effective pollination and successful fertilization. Therefore we have focused on the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the flowers of A. sylvestris L. as a prelude to the study of the species’ pollination biology and plant breeding system. The large size of the flower (50.6 ± 16.4 mm in dimensions) and its bowl shape fulfil both the biotic pollination syndrome and the aerodynamic requirements for pollen dispersal and capture. The opening and closing of the perianth provide a shelter for beetles. The odourless perianth, absence of nectar, scarcity of pollen (approximately 200 000 pollen grains per flower) and its traits - small size (axis P = 18.52 ± 1.0 μm; E = 16.59 ± 0.9 μm), lack of balsam on the exine surface, starch accumulation in more than 95% of pollen grains correspond to the specialization in anemophily. The stigma is papillous, the dense hairs are situated between single carpels indicating adaptation to capturing dry pollen and specialization in the wind pollination syndrome. The flower of A. sylvestris is an example for an intermediate form between entomophily and anemophily, i.e. a secondary and more advanced feature among Ranunculaceae.