bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Underwater flight by the planktonic sea butterfly
Authors: Murphy David W. , Adhikari Deepak , Webster Donald R. , Yen Jeannette 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn a remarkable example of convergent evolution, we show that the zooplanktonic sea butterfly Limacina helicina ‘flies’ underwater in the same way that very small insects fly in the air. Both sea butterflies and flying insects stroke their wings in a characteristic figure-of-eight pattern to produce lift, and both generate extra lift by peeling their wings apart at the beginning of the power stroke (the well-known Weis-Fogh ‘clap-and-fling’ mechanism). It is highly surprising to find a zooplankter ‘mimicking’ insect flight as almost all zooplankton swim in this intermediate Reynolds number range (Re=10–100) by using their appendages as paddles rather than wings. The sea butterfly is also unique in that it accomplishes its insect-like figure-of-eight wing stroke by extreme rotation of its body (what we call ‘hyper-pitching’), a paradigm that has implications for micro aerial vehicle (MAV) design. No other animal, to our knowledge, pitches to this extent under normal locomotion.
Para onde vai o federalismo? Notas sobre o que foi e o que poderá vir a ser o Estado Federal
Authors: Minhoto Antonio Celso Baeta 
Published: February 2016

O ideal federalista é admirado desde há muito. É um modelo que, em teoria, traz unidade e autonomia ao mesmo tempo para qualquer tipo de Estado. Mas, ao longo da moderna história humana, podemos ver modificações neste modelo que, algumas vezes, representaram maior centralização e perda de autonomia. Todos incensam a ideia de descentralização e concordam com a valorização da localidade, mas a prática mostra que há ainda um longo trajeto entre o discurso e a prática. Where the federalism are going to? Jottings about what federalism were and what it could be The federalist ideal is admired since many years. It’s a model that, in its theory, brings unit and autonomy at the same time for any kind of State. But, all long from the modern human history, we can see changes in this model, that, sometimes, represented more centralization and autonomy lose. Everybody supports the decentralization idea, but the facts shows us that there’s a long path between the speech and the real life.
Educação para o consumo consciente: um dever do Estado
Authors: Efing Antônio Carlos , Resende Augusto César Leite de 
Published: February 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo principal demonstrar que é dever do Estado promover políticas públicas educacionais voltadas ao consumo consciente, como meio necessário a dar efetividade ao direito fundamental ao desenvolvimento sustentável. Procurou-se ainda analisar a relação existente entre desenvolvimento sustentável e consumo consciente, a necessidade da educação como agente transformador de comportamentos de consumo e a possibilidade de o Poder Judiciário determinar ao Estado a implementação dessas políticas públicas. Education for conscious consumption: a duty of the State This article aims to demonstrate that it is the main duty of the State to promote educational policies aimed at conscious consumption as a means necessary to give effect to the fundamental right to sustainable development. We also sought to examine the relationship between sustainable development and consumption, the need for education as a transforming agent of consumer behavior and the ability of the judiciary to determine the State to implement these policies.
O exercício do poder de polícia por particulares
Authors: Marrara Thiago 
Published: February 2016

O presente artigo aborda o poder de polícia e sua execução por particulares. Para tanto, parte de breves considerações sobre o conteúdo da atividade de polícia, como expressão da administração restritiva. Em seguida, examina a delegação dessa atividade a particulares e diferencia a delegação quanto ao conteúdo e ao executor. Trata também de argumentos favoráveis e desfavoráveis à delegação e, ao final, examina o posicionamento do Superior Tribunal de Justiça no caso BHTRANS. The enforcement of police powers by non-estate bodies This article examines the police power in Brazilian Law and its enforcement by non-state persons. For that, it presents some initial considerations on the content of police actions as a type of restrictive public administration. Following that, it focuses on the delegation of police powers and differentiates its variations according to the police act and the executors. It also brings a systematization of arguments favorable and contrary to delegation strategies. At the end, it discusses the decision of the Superior Tribunal of Justice in the case BHTRANS.
Teoria da regulação administrativa sustentável
Authors: Freitas Juarez 
Published: February 2016

O desempenho sustentável da função regulatória é imperativo. As recentes crises econômico-financeiras e ambientais só têm mostrado a importância de encontrar a medida certa de intervenção estatal na arena do mercado para induzir o desenvolvimento sustentável. Neste artigo, apresentam-se as condições para uma teoria da regulação compatível com o princípio da sustentabilidade, especialmente para superar as falhas de mercado e de governo. Theory of sustainable administrative regulation The sustainable performance of the regulatory function is imperative. The recent economic-financial and environmental crises have only shown the importance of finding the right measure of state intervention in the market arena to induce sustainable development. In this article, the conditions are presented for a theory of regulation compatible with the principle of sustainability, especially to overcome market failures and government failures.
Η διακρίβωση του αυτοπροσδιορισμού μαθητών πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης σε επικινδυνότητα για μαθησιακές δυσκολίες: η συμβολή των γνωστικών και μεταγνωστικών ικανοτήτων και των ευκαιριών πλαισίου
Authors: Vouyoukas Konstantinos 
Published: February 2016

<p><em>Εισαγωγή</em></p><p>Οι μαθητές σε επικινδυνότητα για μαθησιακές δυσκολίες διακρίνονται από περιορισμένες μεταγνωστικές δεξιότητες και αρνητικό αυτοσυναίσθημα, χαρακτηριστικά που επηρεάζουν αρνητικά την παρώθηση και τον αυτοπροσδιορισμό τους.</p><p><em>Στόχος της έρευνας</em><em></em></p><p class="Default">Η σκιαγράφηση του επιπέδου του αυτοπροσδιορισμού μαθητών πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης σε επικινδυνότητα για μαθησιακές δυσκολίες, έτσι όπως αυτό αποτυπώνεται από τους ίδιους τους μαθητές και τις μητέρες τους.</p><p><em>Μέθοδοι</em></p><p>Το δείγμα της έρευνας αποτελούσαν 70 μαθητές της ΣΤ΄ τάξης δημοτικού και οι μητέρες τους. Τριανταεπτά μαθητές ήταν μαθητές τυπικής ανάπτυξης και 33 ήταν μαθητές σε επικινδυνότητα για μαθησιακές δυσκολίες, σύμφωνα με την ελληνική στάθμιση του κριτηρίου μαθησιακής επάρκειας Detroit, DTLA-4. Για τη συλλογή των δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκε η κλίμακα αυτοπροσδιορισμού AIR Self-Determination Scale.</p><p><em>Αποτελέσματα</em></p><p>Οι μαθητές σε επικινδυνότητα για μαθησιακές δυσκολίες εκτίμησαν ότι είναι λιγότερο αυτοπροσδιορισμένοι από τους τυπικής ανάπτυξης συμμαθητές τους. Όλες οι μητέρες θεώρησαν ότι το επίπεδο αυτοπροσδιορισμού των παιδιών τους βρίσκεται σε υψηλότερο επίπεδο από αυτό που θεωρούν τα ίδια τα παιδιά τους. Όλοι οι μαθητές είχαν την άποψη ότι οι ευκαιρίες για την καλλιέργεια του αυτοπροσδιορισμού δίνονται περισσότερο στην οικογένεια παρά στο σχολείο, σε αντίθεση με τις μητέρες τους.</p><p><em>Συμπεράσματα</em></p><p class="Default">Απαιτείται συνεργασία σχολείου-οικογένειας προς την κατεύθυνση της διδασκαλίας μεταγνωστικών δεξιοτήτων και της ανάπτυξης κινήτρων προκειμένου να καλλιεργηθεί ο αυτοπροσδιορισμός των μαθητών.</p>
Impact of Production Factors on Labour Income in Modern Russia
Authors: Басовская  , Basovskaya Elena 
Published: February 2016

The paper builds econometric models that allow us to evaluate the influence
of the main productionfactors, defining the level of labour income in the country.
Capital/labour ratio, human capital and new technology explain over 70%
of earned income. The effect of changes in the level of human capital on labor
income surpasses the effect of changes in capital/labour ratio.The impact
of capital/labour ratio has been steadily declining, whereas the influence of human
capital and new technologies has been increasing. These arenew factors, the
most important ones for the development of post-industrial economy. The growth
of their influence shows that the economic system of the country adapts to the
prevailing institutional conditionsunfavorable for Russia’s industrial economy.
Formation of wear resistant coatings on aluminum alloys by chromium deposition from gas-phase organometallic compounds
Authors: Александров В , Aleksandrov V , Морщилов М. , Morshchilov M. 
Published: February 2016

The method of coatings producing by chemical vapor deposition from gas phase by pyrolysis of organometallic com-pounds of chromium on the aluminum alloy AL9 is described. For the research the “Barhos” liquid with bis-arene chromium organic compounds, containing bis-ethylbenzene chromium (322 ºC boiling point, decomposition temperature of the metal is
330 ºC), was selected. The chromium content in the liquid is not less than 16%.The deposition process depends on the gas-phase chromium: substrate temperature, reactor pressure, evaporator temperature, process duration. The deposition temperature (substrate temperature) is one of the major factors in the formation of coatings. It is determined, that the pyrolytic chromium coatings are characterized by high hardness (up to 16000 MPa) and wear resistance due to the amorphous structure, which allows them to improve the wear resistance of rubbing parts.
Evaluation of the training objectives with surface electromyography
Authors: Trybek Paulina , Nowakowski Michał , Machura Lukasz 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In this work, the multifractal analysis of the kinesiological surface electromyographic signal is proposed. The goal was to investigate the level of neuromuscular activation during complex movements on the laparoscopic trainer. The basic issue of this work concerns the changes observed in the signal obtained from the complete beginner in the field of using laparoscopic tools and the same person subjected to the series of training. To quantify the complexity of the kinesiological surface electromyography, the nonlinear analysis technique, namely, the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis, was adopted. The analysis was based on the parameters describing the multifractal spectrum – the Hurst exponent – and the spectrum width. The statistically significant differences for a selected group of muscles at the different states (before and after training) are presented. In addition, as the base case, the relaxation state was considered and compared with the working states.
Steam Explosion for Wheat Straw Pretreatment for Sugars Production
Authors: Alvira Pablo , Negro María José , Ballesteros Ignacio , González Alberto , Ballesteros Mercedes 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDevelopment of biofuels such as lignocellulosic ethanol represents a sustainable alternative in the transport sector. Wheat straw is a promising feedstock for bioethanol production in Europe due to its large production and high carbohydrates content. In a process to produce cellulosic ethanol, previous to the enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain fermentable sugars and the subsequent fermentation, a pretreatment step to break down the recalcitrance of lignocellulose fiber is essential. In this work, a range of steam explosion pretreatment conditions were evaluated according to different parameters: sugars recovery, degradation products generation, and enzymatic hydrolysis yields. Moreover, the enzymatic hydrolysis process was also studied at high substrate loadings, since operating at high solids loading is crucial for large scale development of ethanol production. Pretreatment at 200°C - 10 min resulted in higher enzymatic hydrolysis yield (91.7%) and overall glucose yields (35.4 g glucose/100 g wheat straw) but also higher production of toxic compound. In turn, the characteristics of the pretreated wheat straw at lower severity (Log R0=3.65) correspond to 190°C and 10 min, with minimal sugars degradation and toxics formation indicated a great potential for maximizing total sugars production by using optimal enzyme combinations including accessory enzymes in the enzymatic hydrolysis step.
The phosphoric acid industry: equipment, materials, and corrosion
Authors: Schorr Michael , Valdez Benjamin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPhosphoric acid (PA) is an important industrial chemical used as an intermediate in the fertilizer industry, for metal surface treatment in the metallurgical industry, and as an additive in the food industry. Wet-process PA (WPA) is produced by the attack of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) on phosphate rock (PR). Other wet processes use HCl and posterior solvent extraction technology. The corrosivity of phosphate ores, during the production of WPA, depends on two main factors: the chloride content and the interaction between HF formed in the WPA reaction slurry with SiO2, Al2O3, and MgO present in the ore. Many forms of corrosion, mainly localized, are encountered in the PA production plants and facilities such as erosion-corrosion (EC), selective corrosion, pitting, stress-corrosion cracking, intergranular corrosion, and corrosion at high temperature. Laboratory and plant corrosion tests were performed to recognize the corrosion types; EC measuring instruments were developed, built, and applied. The PA industry is spread out worldwide in Europe, Asia, Africa and America, including countries that operate PR mines and produces PA, phosphatic fertilizers, and phosphate-based products. Cases of corrosion in PA industrial equipment and plants are presented and discussed, based on the authors’ experience and knowledge.
A new locality of Pilosella cymosa (Asteraceae) in Poland
Authors: Pliszko Artur 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In June 2013, a new locality of nationally vulnerable plant species Pilosella cymosa was discovered in the town of Suwałki, NE Poland (the ATPOL cartogram unit FB08). The plant grows on roadside verge and its population consists of several hundred flowering individuals.
Identification of protein phosphatase 2A as an interacting protein of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2
Authors: Athanasopoulos Panagiotis S. , Jacob Wright , Neumann Sebastian , Kutsch Miriam , Wolters Dirk , Tan Eng K. , Bichler Zoë , Herrmann Christian , Heumann Rolf 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Mutations in the gene coding for the multi-domain protein leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are the leading cause of genetically inherited Parkinson’s disease (PD). Two of the common found mutations are the R1441C and G2019S. In this study we identified protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as an interacting partner of LRRK2. We were able to demonstrate that the Ras of complex protein (ROC) domain is sufficient to interact with the three subunits of PP2A in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and in HeLa cells. The alpha subunit of PP2A is interacting with LRRK2 in the perinuclear region of HeLa cells. Silencing the catalytic subunit of PP2A by shRNA aggravated cellular degeneration induced by the pathogenic R1441C-LRRK2 mutant expressed in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. A similar enhancement of apoptotic nuclei was observed by downregulation of the catalytic subunit of PP2A in cultured cortical cells derived from neurons overexpressing the pathogenic mutant G2019S-LRRK2. Conversely, pharmacological activation of PP2A by sodium selenate showed a partial neuroprotection from R1441C-LRRK2-induced cellular degeneration. All these data suggest that PP2A is a new interacting partner of LRRK2 and reveal the importance of PP2A as a potential therapeutic target in PD.
Writing-Down Debt with Heterogeneous Creditors: Lock Laws and Late Swaps
Authors: Ghosal Sayantan , Miller Marcus 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The presence of “holdouts” in recent sovereign debt swaps poses a challenge to bargaining models which assume all creditors to be homogeneous. We modify the Rubinstein “alternating offers” framework so as to accommodate exogenous creditor heterogeneity – specifically holdouts more patient than other bondholders. The “second best” equilibrium derived is an initial offer and an associated “lock-law” sufficient to tempt impatient creditors into a prompt bond exchange. This is followed by a delayed, but more generous, swap with the patient creditors, timed to take place when the lock-law expires. In practice, however, the presence of holdouts may be endogenous: they may be late-comers who buy distressed bonds with a view to litigating for the full face value plus their costs of waiting. Provisions for protecting other bond holders from the negative externality caused by such tactics are briefly discussed. However, where the judge has mandated good faith bargaining with holdout creditors, the bargaining outcome we derive may be useful to indicate a basis for compromise.
Improved molecular diagnosis of patients with neonatal diabetes using a combined next-generation sequencing and MS-MLPA approach
Authors: Alkorta-Aranburu Gorka , Sukhanova Madina , Carmody David , Hoffman Trevor , Wysinger Latrice , Keller-Ramey Jennifer , Li Zejuan , Johnson Amy Knight , Kobiernicki Frances , Botes Shaun , Fitzpatrick Carrie , Das Soma , del Gaudio Daniela 
Published: February 2016

Abstract: We evaluated a methylation-specific multiplex-ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) assay for the molecular diagnosis of transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) caused by 6q24 abnormalities and assessed the clinical utility of using this assay in combination with next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis for diagnosing patients with neonatal diabetes (NDM).: We performed MS-MLPA in 18 control samples and 42 retrospective NDM cases with normal bi-parental inheritance of chromosome 6. Next, we evaluated 22 prospective patients by combining NGS analysis of 11 NDM genes and the MS-MLPA assay.: 6q24 aberrations were identified in all controls and in 19% of patients with normal bi-parental inheritance of chromosome 6. The MS-MLPA/NGS combined approach identified a genetic cause in ~64% of patients with NDM of unknown etiology.MS-MLPA is a reliable method to identify all known 6q24 abnormalities and comprehensive testing of all causes reveals a causal mutation in ~64% of patients.
Crystal structure of hexaaquamanganese(II) bis((E)-4-((4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)diazenyl)benzenesulfonate), C28H40MnN6O12S2
Authors: Oh In-Hwan , Kim Jee Yeon , Park Seong-Hun 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
C28H40MnN6O12S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 6.211(5) Å, b = 7.146(5) Å, c = 38.895(5) Å, β = 91.283(5)°, V = 1725.9(19) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt
(F) = 0.0639, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1094, T = 300 K.
Np(V) solubility, speciation and solid phase formation in alkaline CaCl2
solutions. Part II: Thermodynamics and implications for source term estimations of nuclear waste
disposal
Authors: Fellhauer David , Altmaier Marcus , Gaona Xavier , Lützenkirchen Johannes , Fanghänel Thomas 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The results of comprehensive solubility experiments with Np(V) in dilute to concentrated
CaCl2 solutions which included the spectroscopic investigation of the predominant aqueous
Np(V) species and the thorough analysis of the solubility controlling Np(V) solid
phases [1](Fellhauer, D., Rothe, J., Altmaier, M., Neck, V., Runke, J., Wiss, T.,
Fanghänel, Th., Np(V) solubility, speciation and solid phase formation in alkaline
CaCl2 solutions. Part I: Experimental solubility (Radiochim. Acta, DOI 10.1515/ract-2015-2489), in the
following referred to as “Part I”), showed that the concentration of Np(V) in these
systems is limited by equilibrium reactions between previously unknown (qua)ternary solid
compounds, CaNpO2(OH)2.6Cl0.4 · 2H2O(s) (I),
Ca0.5NpO2(OH)2 · 1.3H2O(s) (II) and Ca0.5NpO2(OH)2(s) (III), and ternary aqueous complexes of Np(V) with
the general formulae Ca
x
[NpO2(OH)2]2x–1, Ca
y
[NpO2(OH)5]2y–4 with y ≈ 2.4 ± 1.5 (EXAFS result) and innersphere Np(V) chloro complexes,
Ca
z
[NpO2Cl]2z+ with z = 0 and 1 (EXAFS result). A systematic thermodynamic
evaluation of the experimental solubility data based on the specific ion interaction theory (SIT)
and the Pitzer approach is performed. The stoichiometries of the ternary hydrolysis complexes are
assessed as Ca[NpO2(OH)2]+ and Ca3[NpO2(OH)5]2+. The corresponding
thermodynamic solubility and complex formation constants at I = 0 as well as the ion interaction
parameters (SIT and Pitzer) were derived yielding a comprehensive geochemical model for the
Np(V) solubility behavior in pH neutral and alkaline CaCl2 solutions over a large
range of ionic strengths. This significantly improves source term estimations for scenarios with
calcium dominated aquatic systems. The principally different behavior of Np(V) in
NaCl and CaCl2 solutions is highlighted, and the impact of the new findings on
geochemical modelling of systems relevant for nuclear waste disposal is discussed.
Study of Decay Characteristics of Hexagonal and Square Supersonic Jet
Authors: Mohanta Prasanta Kumar , Sridhar B. T. N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExperiments were carried on nozzles with different exit geometry to study their impact on supersonic core length. Circular, hexagonal, and square exit geometries were considered for the study. Numerical simulations and schlieren image study were performed. The supersonic core decay was found to be of different length for different exit geometries, though the throat to exit area ratio was kept constant. The impact of nozzle exit geometry is to enhance the mixing of primary flow with ambient air, without requiring tab, wire or secondary method to increase the mixing characteristics. The non-circular mixing is faster comparative to circular geometry, which leads to reduction in supersonic core length. The results depict that shorter the hydraulic diameter, the jet mixing is faster. To avoid the losses in divergent section, the cross section of throat was maintained at same geometry as the exit geometry. Investigation shows that the supersonic core region is dependent on the hydraulic diameter and the diagonal. In addition, it has been observed that number of shock cells remain the same irrespective of exit geometry shape for the given nozzle pressure ratio.