bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gamma-ray vortices from nonlinear inverse Thomson scattering of circularly polarized light
Authors: Taira Yoshitaka , Hayakawa Takehito , Katoh Masahiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInverse Thomson scattering is a well-known radiation process that produces high-energy photons both in nature and in the laboratory. Nonlinear inverse Thomson scattering occurring inside an intense light field is a process which generates higher harmonic photons. In this paper, we theoretically show that the higher harmonic gamma-ray produced by nonlinear inverse Thomson scattering of circularly polarized light is a gamma-ray vortex, which means that it possesses a helical wave front and carries orbital angular momentum. Our work explains a recent experimental result regarding nonlinear inverse Thomson scattering that clearly shows an annular intensity distribution as a remarkable feature of a vortex beam. Our work implies that gamma-ray vortices should be produced in various situations in astrophysics in which high-energy electrons and intense circularly polarized light fields coexist. Nonlinear inverse Thomson scattering is a promising radiation process for realizing a gamma-ray vortex source based on currently available laser and accelerator technologies, which would be an indispensable tool for exploring gamma-ray vortex science.
Portable and Error-Free DNA-Based Data Storage
Authors: Yazdi S. M. Hossein Tabatabaei , Gabrys Ryan , Milenkovic Olgica 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDNA-based data storage is an emerging nonvolatile memory technology of potentially unprecedented density, durability, and replication efficiency. The basic system implementation steps include synthesizing DNA strings that contain user information and subsequently retrieving them via high-throughput sequencing technologies. Existing architectures enable reading and writing but do not offer random-access and error-free data recovery from low-cost, portable devices, which is crucial for making the storage technology competitive with classical recorders. Here we show for the first time that a portable, random-access platform may be implemented in practice using nanopore sequencers. The novelty of our approach is to design an integrated processing pipeline that encodes data to avoid costly synthesis and sequencing errors, enables random access through addressing, and leverages efficient portable sequencing via new iterative alignment and deletion error-correcting codes. Our work represents the only known random access DNA-based data storage system that uses error-prone nanopore sequencers, while still producing error-free readouts with the highest reported information rate. As such, it represents a crucial step towards practical employment of DNA molecules as storage media.
Realism of modelled Indian summer monsoon correlation with the tropical Indo-Pacific affects projected monsoon changes
Authors: Li Ziguang , Lin Xiaopei , Cai Wenju 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEl Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) tend to exert an offsetting impact on Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR), with an El Niño event tending to lower, whereas a positive IOD tending to increase ISMR. Simulation of these relationships in Phase Five of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project has not been fully assessed, nor is their impact on the response of ISMR to greenhouse warming. Here we show that the majority of models simulate an unrealistic present-day IOD-ISMR correlation due to an overly strong control by ENSO. As such, a positive IOD is associated with an ISMR reduction in the simulated present-day climate. This unrealistic present-day correlation is relevant to future ISMR projection, inducing an underestimation in the projected ISMR increase. Thus uncertainties in ISMR projection can be in part induced by present-day simulation of ENSO, the IOD, their relationship and their rainfall correlations.
The production of fibroblast growth factor 23 is controlled by TGF-β2
Authors: Feger Martina , Hase Philipp , Zhang Bingbing , Hirche Frank , Glosse Philipp , Lang Florian , Föller Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTransforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a cytokine produced by many cell types and implicated in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. It stimulates store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) through the calcium release-activated calcium (CRAC) channel Orai1/Stim1 in endometrial Ishikawa cells. Bone cells generate fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23, which inhibits renal phosphate reabsorption and 1,25(OH)2D3 formation in concert with its co-receptor Klotho. Moreover, Klotho and FGF23 counteract aging and age-related clinical conditions. FGF23 production is dependent on Orai1-mediated SOCE and inflammation. Here, we explored a putative role of TGF-β2 in FGF23 synthesis. To this end, UMR106 osteoblast-like cells were cultured, Fgf23 transcript levels determined by qRT-PCR, FGF23 protein measured by ELISA, and SOCE analyzed by fluorescence optics. UMR106 cells expressed TGF-β receptors 1 and 2. TGF-β2 enhanced SOCE and potently stimulated the production of FGF23, an effect significantly attenuated by SB431542, an inhibitor of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type I receptor activin receptor-like kinases ALK5, ALK4, and ALK7. Furthermore, the TGF-β2 effect on FGF23 production was blunted by SOCE inhibitor 2-APB. We conclude that TGF-β2 induces FGF23 production, an effect involving up-regulation of SOCE.
Polymorphic regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion modifies phenotypes of microglia in neuroinflammation
Authors: Katoh Mitsuhiko , Wu Bao , Nguyen Huy Bang , Thai Truc Quynh , Yamasaki Ryo , Lu Haiyan , Rietsch Anna M. , Zorlu Musab M. , Shinozaki Youichi , Saitoh Yurika , Saitoh Sei , Sakoh Takashi , Ikenaka Kazuhiro , Koizumi Schuichi , Ransohoff Richard M. , Ohno Nobuhiko 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMicroglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system and play complex roles in the milieu of diseases including the primary diseases of myelin. Although mitochondria are critical for cellular functions and survival in the nervous system, alterations in and the roles of mitochondrial dynamics and associated signaling in microglia are still poorly understood. In the present study, by combining immunohistochemistry and 3D ultrastructural analyses, we show that mitochondrial fission/fusion in reactive microglia is differentially regulated from that in monocyte-derived macrophages and the ramified microglia of normal white matter in myelin disease models. Mouse cerebral microgliain vitrodemonstrated that stimulation of TLR4 with lipopolysaccharide, widely used to examine microglial reactions, caused the activation of the mitochondrial fission protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The increase in the ROS level activated 5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and facilitated elongation of mitochondria along the microtubule tracks. These results suggest that the polymorphic regulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion in reactive microglia is mediated by distinct signaling under inflammatory conditions, and modulates microglial phenotypes through the production of ROS.
Graphene Oxide Sheets Combine into Conductive Coatings by Direct Oxidative Electropolymerization
Authors: Halevy S. , Bochlin Y. , Kadosh Y. , Kaplan A. , Avraham H. , Nissim A. , Ben Hamo R. , Ohaion-Raz T. , Korin E. , Bettelheim A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNew coatings are obtained when graphene oxide is further oxidized at moderate anodic potentials (≤~1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl). Based on a variety of spectroscopic and electrochemical observations, the coatings are attributed to the direct electropolymerization of graphene oxide sheets via oxidation of the phenol edge groups on graphene. Depending on the applied potential, ether or carboxylic groups are formed. The coatings obtained via further oxidation are characterized by a lower O/C ratio due to decarboxylation and a higher content of C=C bonds. These bonds extend aromatic conjugation into the combined graphene oxide sheets and are responsible for the highly conductive nature of these coatings.
The lateral parabrachial nucleus, but not the thalamus, mediates thermosensory pathways for behavioural thermoregulation
Authors: Yahiro Takaki , Kataoka Naoya , Nakamura Yoshiko , Nakamura Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThermoregulatory behaviour, such as migration to a comfortable thermal environment, is a representative innate animal behaviour and facilitates effective autonomic regulation of body temperature with a reduced cost of resources. Here we determine the central thermosensory ascending pathway that transmits information on environmental temperature from cutaneous thermoreceptors to elicit thermoregulatory behaviour. To examine the contribution of the spinothalamocortical pathway, which is known to mediate thermosensory transmission for perception of skin temperature, we lesioned thalamic regions mediating this pathway in rats. Thalamic-lesioned rats showed compromised electroencephalographic responses in the primary somatosensory cortex to changes in skin temperature, indicating functional ablation of the spinothalamocortical pathway. However, these lesioned rats subjected to a two-floor innocuous thermal plate preference test displayed intact heat- and cold-avoidance thermoregulatory behaviours. We then examined the involvement of the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB), which mediates cutaneous thermosensory signaling to the thermoregulatory center for autonomic thermoregulation. Inactivation of neurons in the LPB eliminated both heat- and cold-avoidance thermoregulatory behaviours and ablated heat defense. These results demonstrate that the LPB, but not the thalamus, mediates the cutaneous thermosensory neural signaling required for behavioural thermoregulation, contributing to understanding of the central circuit that generates thermal comfort and discomfort underlying thermoregulatory behaviours.
Generation of complement protein C3 deficient pigs by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene targeting
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Guan , Wang Ying , Jin Yong , Zhao Lihua , Xiong Qiang , Zhang Lining , Mou Lisha , Li Rongfeng , Yang Haiyuan , Dai Yifan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractComplement protein C3 is the pivotal component of the complement system. Previous studies have demonstrated that C3 has implications in various human diseases and exerts profound functions under certain conditions. However, the delineation of pathological and physiological roles of C3 has been hampered by the insufficiency of suitable animal models. In the present study, we applied the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) system to target theC3gene in porcine fetal fibroblasts. Our results indicated that CRISPR/Cas9 targeting efficiency was as high as 84.7%, and the biallelic mutation efficiency reached at 45.7%. The biallelic modified colonies were used as donor for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology to generate C3 targeted piglets. A total of 19C3knockout (KO) piglets were produced and their plasma C3 protein was undetectable by western blot analysis and ELISA. The hemolytic complement activity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay further confirmed that C3 was disrupted in these piglets. TheseC3KO pigs could be utilized as a valuable large animal model for the elucidation of the roles of C3.
Interleukin33 deficiency causes tau abnormality and neurodegeneration with Alzheimer-like symptoms in aged mice
Authors: Carlock C , Wu J , Shim J , Moreno-Gonzalez I , Pitcher M R , Hicks J , Suzuki A , Iwata J , Quevado J , Lou Y 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLate-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains a medical mystery. Recent studies have linked it to impaired repair of aged neurons. Potential involvement of interleukin33 (IL33) in AD has been reported. Here we show that IL33, which was expressed by up to 75% astrocytes in the aged brains, was critical for repair of aged neurons. Mice lacking Il33 gene (Il33−/−) developed AD-like disease after 60–80 weeks, which was characterized by tau abnormality and a heavy loss of neurons/neurites in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus accompanied with cognition/memory impairment. We detected an abrupt aging surge in the cortical and hippocampal neurons at middle age (40 weeks). To counter the aging surge, wild-type mice rapidly upregulated repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and autophagic clearance of cellular wastes in these neurons. Il33−/− mice failed to do so, but instead went on to develop rapid accumulation of abnormal tau, massive DSBs and abnormal autophagic vacuoles in these neurons. Thus, uncontrolled neuronal aging surge at middle age due to lack of IL33 resulted in neurodegeneration and late-onset AD-like symptome in Il33−/− mice. Our study also suggests that the aging surge is a time to search for biomarkers for early diagnosis of AD before massive neuron loss.
Electron Transfer Reactions in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization
Authors: Fantin Marco , Lorandi Francesca , Gennaro Armando , Isse Abdirisak , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2017

Electrochemistry may seem an outsider to the field of polymer science and controlled radical polymerization. Nevertheless, several electrochemical methods have been used to determine the mechanism of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), using both a thermodynamic and a kinetic approach. Indeed, electron transfer reactions involving the metal catalyst, initiator/dormant species, and propagating radicals play a crucial role in ATRP. In this mini-review, electrochemical properties of ATRP catalysts and initiators are discussed, together with the mechanism of the atom and electron transfer in ATRP.1	Introduction2	Thermodynamic and Electrochemical Properties of ATRP Catalysts3	Thermodynamic and Electrochemical Properties of Alkyl Halides and Alkyl Radicals4	Atom Transfer from an Electrochemical and Thermodynamic Standpoint5	Mechanism of Electron Transfer in ATRP6	Electroanalytical Techniques for the Kinetics of ATRP Activation7	Electrochemically Mediated ATRP8	Conclusions
Tubercular Abscess of the Spleen in a Child: Conservative Management and Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Williams Vijai , Chandrasekaran Sarvanan , Seetharaman Keerthivasan , Sodhi Kushaljit , Dayal Devi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIsolated involvement of the spleen is a rare manifestation of childhood tuberculosis. The rare occurrence and presence of nonspecific clinical features often pose diagnostic challenges even in countries where tuberculosis is endemic. Splenectomy is often performed for establishing the diagnosis or achieving a cure in combination with antitubercular therapy (ATT). In this report, we describe a boy who presented with nonspecific symptoms and was detected to have a well-defined lesion in the spleen on ultrasonography. The diagnosis of tubercular splenic abscess was made after line probe assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and cytomorphology of the aspirated material. The tubercular abscess showed complete healing after 9 months of four-drug ATT.
The heterogeneity of discourse: expanding the field of discourse analysis
Authors: Maingueneau Dominique 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis contribution aims to outline some limits of discourse analysis today. Discourse analysis may not privilege any specific kind of data, but, like modern linguistics since the beginning of the 20th century, most discourse analysts focus on a restricted area within the manifold manifestations of discourse. They take for granted that discourse must be modeled after conversational practices, and/or that the basic relevant unit of discourse analysis is the pair text/genre. This restriction can be explained by the historical context in which discursive approaches have emerged. However, it can be argued that such a standard is not relevant for a wide range of data, that discourse practices can be divided into various regimes, which correspond to various models of communication and must accordingly be analyzed with specific concepts and toolkits. This article discusses two main phenomena that call this standard into question: (1) the notion of genre on the Internet; (2) “textless sentences” and authorship. Indeed, these all imply another conception of discourse activity that deserves to be taken into account if we are to consider discourse activity in the full diversity of its manifestations.
Bibliometric indicators: the origin of their log-normal distribution and why they are not a reliable proxy for an individual scholar’s talent
Authors: Ruocco Giancarlo , Daraio Cinzia , Folli Viola , Leonetti Marco 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThere is now compelling evidence that the statistical distributions of extensive individual bibliometric indicators collected by a scholar, such as the number of publications or the total number of citations, are well represented by a Log-Normal function when homogeneous samples are considered. A Log-Normal distribution function is the normal distribution for the logarithm of the variable. In linear scale it is a highly skewed distribution with a long tail in the high productivity side. We are still lacking a detailed and convincingab-initiomodel able to explain observed Log-Normal distributions—this is the gap this paper sets out to fill. Here, we propose a general explanation of the observed evidence by developing a straightforward model based on the following simple assumptions: (1) the materialist principle of the natural equality of human intelligence, (2) thesuccess breeds successeffect, also known as Merton effect, which can be traced back to the Gospel parables about the Talents (Matthew) and Minas (Luke), and, (3) therecognitionandreputationmechanism. Building on these assumptions we propose a distribution function that, although mathematically not identical to a Log-Normal distribution, shares with it all its main features. Our model well reproduces the empirical distributions, so the hypotheses at the basis of the model arenot falsified. Therefore the distributions of the bibliometric parameters observedmightbe the result of chance and noise (chaos) related to multiplicative phenomena connected to apublish or perishinflationary mechanism, led by scholars’ recognition and reputations. In short, being a scholar in the right tail or in the left tail of the distribution could have very little connection to her/his merit and achievements. This interpretationmightcast some doubts on the use of the number of papers and/or citations as a measure of scientific achievements. A tricky issue seems to emerge, that is:what then do bibliometric indicators really measure? This issue calls for deeper investigations into the meaning of bibliometric indicators. This is an interesting and intriguing topic for further research to be carried out within a wider interdisciplinary investigation of the science of science, which may include elements and investigation tools from philosophy, psychology and sociology.
Glacial/interglacial wetland, biomass burning, and geologic methane emissions constrained by dual stable isotopic CH4ice core records
Authors: Bock Michael , Schmitt Jochen , Beck Jonas , Seth Barbara , Chappellaz Jérôme , Fischer Hubertus 
Published: July 2017

SignificancePolar ice is a unique archive of past atmosphere. Here, we present methane stable isotope records (used as source fingerprint) for the current and two past interglacials and their preceding glacial maxima. Our data are used to constrain global emissions of methane. Tropical wetlands and floodplains seem to be the dominant sources of atmospheric methane changes, steered by past variations in sea level, monsoon intensity, temperature, and the water table. In contrast, geologic emissions of methane are stable over a wide range of climatic conditions. The long-term shift seen in both isotopes for the last 25,000 y compared with older intervals is likely connected to changes in the terrestrial biosphere and fire regimes as a consequence of megafauna extinction.
Changes in E-cadherin rigidity sensing regulate cell adhesion
Authors: Collins Caitlin , Denisin Aleksandra K. , Pruitt Beth L. , Nelson W. James 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Mechanical cues, such as changes in rigidity (resistance to deformation) of the surrounding microenvironment, regulate cell behaviors. Integrin-based rigidity sensing has been examined extensively, but studies investigating cadherin-based rigidity sensing at cell–cell contacts are lacking. Our study provides insight into mechanisms underlying E-cadherin–dependent rigidity sensing. We demonstrate that E-cadherin adhesions are acutely sensitive to a change in the rigidity of polyacrylamide (PA) gels functionalized with the extracellular domain of E-cadherin (Ecad-Fc) and that actin nucleating proteins and Rho GTPases activated upon cell adhesion to Ecad-Fc PA gels are also required for early stages in cell–cell adhesion. We hypothesize that E-cadherin rigidity sensing facilitates the transition from initial cell–cell adhesion to more stable contacts.
Chromosome segregation drives division site selection in
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: van Raaphorst Renske , Kjos Morten , Veening Jan-Willem 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Precise cell division is crucial for all cellular life. In the pneumococcus, which kills more than a million people annually, the protein MapZ was recently identified as a marker for the division site. By developing a suite of tools, including a chromosome labeling system and CRISPR/Cas9-based perturbation of chromosome segregation, we mapped the pneumococcal cell cycle in detail. We show that MapZ is not involved in division site selection but is important for setting the correct angle of the division plane. Importantly, we demonstrate that the pneumococcus has a unique chromosomal organization and that timely replication and segregation of the chromosomal origin to the future cell division site is a key determinant for correct positioning of cell division proteins.
FSIP1 binds HER2 directly to regulate breast cancer growth and invasiveness
Authors: Liu Tong , Zhang Hao , Sun Li , Zhao Danyu , Liu Peng , Yan Meisi , Zaidi Neeha , Izadmehr Sudeh , Gupta Animesh , Abu-Amer Wahid , Luo Minna , Yang Jie , Ou Xunyan , Wang Yining , Bai Xuefeng , Wang Yan , New Maria I. , Zaidi Mone , Yuen Tony , Liu Caigang 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Fibrous sheath interacting protein 1 (FSIP1) has recently been identified as a prognostic marker for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancers. Its increased expression is importantly associated with poor outcomes. Here, we document that FSIP1 is a signaling partner to HER2, and that FSIP inhibition reduces cell growth and invasiveness in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Considering its limited expression in normal tissues, FSIP1 may become a potentially druggable target for the therapy of HER2-positive breast cancers, and provide a new mechanism for improved therapeutic responses to current HER2 blockers, such as trastuzumab.