bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Adenotonsillectomy on Attention-deficit/hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms, Sleep Disturbance Symptoms, and Quality of Life of Children with Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy and Sleep-disordered Breathing
Authors: Türkoglu S. , Somuk B.T. , Sapmaz E. , Goktas G. , Bilgic A. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo date, limited data has been available regarding the impact of adenotonsillectomy (AT) on the psychosocial well-being of chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy (CAH) subjects.AimsIn the present study, we examined the impacts of AT on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms (ADHD) and sleep disturbance symptoms and quality of life of children with chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy.MethodsParents of children with CAH filled in Conners Parent Rating Scale-Revised Short (CPRS-RS), children's sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ), and the pediatric quality of life inventory, parent versions (PedsQL-P) before and six months after AT.ResultsA total of 64 children were included the study (mean age: 6.8 ± 2.4 years; 50% boys). Mean ADHD Index (11.98 ± 6.94 versus 10.35 ± 6.44) (before AT versus after AT) and oppositional scores (6.73 ± 3.72 versus 5.87 ± 3.52) improved statistically significantly after AT (P < 0.05). All of the CSHQ subdomain scores, except sleep duration, significantly reduced after AT (P < 0.05). Regarding to quality of life, both PedsQL-P physical health (64.20 ± 19.81 versus 69.84 ± 18.63) and psychosocial health subdomain scores (67.83 ± 12.89 versus 75.57 ± 13.16), and PedsQL-P total score (66.57 ± 12.94 versus 73.58 ± 12.46) of the patients were significantly higher six months after AT (P < 0.001).ConclusionsIt is necessary for child and adolescent psychiatrists to query the symptoms of CAH to identify children with chronic adenotonsillar hypertrophy who suffer from ADHD symptoms, oppositionality, and sleep disturbance. To carry out AT seems to be beneficial for coexisting ADHD and sleep disorder symptoms and quality of life in these children.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Startle Habituation Depends on Selective Attention in Schizophrenia Patients and Cannabis Users
Authors: Wehmann E. , Kedzior K.K. , Martin-Iverson M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSchizophrenia is associated with cannabis use and deficits in selective attention.Objectives/aimsThis study investigated these relationships using habituation of the startle reflex in schizophrenia patients relative to cannabis users during selective attentional tasks.MethodsParticipants included 12 healthy controls (CON), 16 healthy cannabis users in the last 12 months (THC), and eight schizophrenia patients (SCZ). Auditory startle reflex was recorded from orbicularis oculi muscle while participants were attending to (Attend Task) or ignoring (Ignore Task) 100 dB startling pulses. Startle habituation was measured as the absolute reduction in startle magnitude on block 2 (last nine trials) vs. block 1 (first nine trials) on each attentional task and in each group.ResultsAll three groups were matched on demographics, alcohol, and caffeine consumption. ANCOVA with two within-subject factors (attention and habituation with 2 levels each), one between-subject factor (group with 3 levels), and one covariate (nicotine use which was higher in SCZ vs. CON or THC) showed a significant startle habituation with moderate to large effect sizes in all three groups on the Ignore Task (Cohen's d = 0.67 in CON, d = 0.59 in THC, d = 0.90 in SCZ) but not on the Attend Task. Attentional modulation of the startle reflex occurred only in CON (d = 1.33) and THC (d = 1.17), but not in SCZ.ConclusionAuditory startle habituation depends on selective attention but is not affected by schizophrenia or cannabis use. Deficient attentional modulation of the startle reflex suggests that a more severe deficit in selective attention occurs in schizophrenia relative to cannabis use.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Personality traits and tobacco smoking among male alcoholics with secondary depression
Authors: Mandic-Gajic G. , Dolic M. , Eror A. , Spiric Z. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAfter alcohol withdrawal, secondary depression may persists and might be a risk factor for relapse among primary alcoholics.ObjectivesThe differences between male alcoholics with secondary depression (D) and without depression (wD) regarding the personality dimensions and tobacco smoking were explored.AimsThe aim was to investigate risk factors for secondary depression.MethodsOne hundred male primary alcoholics were recruited during inpatient treatment, and 86 completed the study. The assessment of depression by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - HAMD (Hamilton, 1960), the pattern of cigarette use and personality dimensions assessment by Eysenck personality questionnaire – EPQ (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975) were performed for all participants on admission. After four weeks according HDRS cut off score, they were divided into D group (n = 43) and wD (n = 43) group. The differences between groups were tested by Student t-test and Pearson's correlation test was applied.ResultsThe personality traits showed difference between D and wD alcoholics’ subgroups for neuroticism 15.07 ± 4.89 vs. 10.37 ± 4.40 (P < 0.01) and for extraversion 11.74 ± 5.05 vs. 14.30 ± 4.24 (P < 0.05) respectively. The positive correlation between the mean HDRS score and neuroticism (r = 0.487, P < 0.001), without significant correlation between other EPQ dimensions and depression was recorded. The D group started smoking earlier, but without differences of cigarettes daily.ConclusionsThe group of alcoholics with depression started smoking earlier. They were characterized by higher neuroticism and lower extraversion on admission, which could predict persistent secondary depression. Screening on personality traits among alcoholics on admission could improve prevention of secondary depression after alcohol withdrawal.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Impact of anxiety-depressive symptoms on outpatients’ quality of life: Preliminary results from an Italian observational study
Authors: Tassi S. , Rioli G. , Mattei G. , Ferrari S. , Galeazzi G.M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSeveral studies have shown an association between the Short-Form 36 (SF36) scores and anxiety-depressive symptoms, suggesting that depression in particular could reduce Quality of Life (QoL) to the same, and even greater, extent than chronic non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension.AimsTo explore the relationship among QoL and anxiety, depressive and anxiety-depressive symptoms in an outpatient sample.MethodsCross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria: outpatients aged ≥40 years, without history for cancer, attending colonoscopy after positive faecal occult blood test. Collected data: blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profile. Psychometric test: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). QoL was assessed with SF36. Statistics performed with STATA13.Results54 patients enrolled (27 females). Sixteen patients (30.2%) were positive for anxiety symptoms, ten (18.9%) for depressive symptoms and five (9.4%) for anxiety-depressive symptoms. The perceived QoL was precarious in twelve subjects (22.2%): eight (15.9%) had low score (≤ 42) at “Mental Component Summary” (MCS) subscale, three (5.7%) at the “Mental Health” item and one patient (1.9%) at the “Vitality” one. At the multiple regression analysis, depressive (OR = 28.63; P = 0.01) and anxiety-depressive symptoms (OR = 11.16; P = 0.02) were associated with MCS.ConclusionsThe association emerging from the present study between depressive/anxiety symptoms and the MCS component of SF36 is consistent with available literature. Study design and small sample size do not allow to generalize results, that need further studies to be confirmed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Differences in care intensity held by a consultation-liaison service in a general hospital among patients suffering from different somatic illnesses
Authors: Valdes-Stauber J. , Bachthaler S. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThere are differences in psychiatric comorbidity and perceived diagnosing and psychological supporting needs depending on professionals, units, programs, awareness, and diagnoses.ObjectivesThis investigation explores possible differences in psychiatric comorbidity, in care intensity and in care priorities by a psychiatric-psychosomatic consultation-liaison service among main physical disease groups.MethodsThree-year survey (n = 1,862 individuals) about all elective referrals from 16 different units in a middle-sized general hospital with 520 beds and 34,000 treated patients per annum. Five clinical and six care variables have been selected from the collected data by means of basic documentation of CLS. Chi-square-tests and ANOVA including Scheffé post-hoc test as well as multivariate regression analyses with robust regression coefficients were performed.ResultsThe sample consisting of 55% women is on average 61 years old, 79% showing current and 35% psychiatric comorbidity prior to hospitalisations. Average GAF amounted to 67.2 (SD = 20.5) and ECOG to 1.22 (SD = 1.38). Psychosomatic disorders (F4) amounted to 38%, mood disorders (F3) to 19% and mental organic disorders (F0) to 11% of psychiatric disorders. Each patient received on average 2.11 (SD = 2.63) contacts and 105 minutes (SD = 144) of treatment time, 59% psychopharmacological and 32% psychotherapeutic interventions. Men and older people receive less, but comorbid patients independently of age and gender more intensive psychological support. There are hardly differences according to physical diseases.DiscussionCancer patients show less psychiatric comorbidity, but more psychotherapeutic interventions. Patients suffering from psychiatric comorbidity received more intensive care and more post-discharge recommendations. Patients treated because of chronic pain received much more interventions and treatment time.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Duration of untreated illness and outcome of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A naturalistic follow-up study
Authors: Prisco V. , Perris F. , Iannaccone T. , Fabrazzo M. , Catapano F. 
Published: June 2017

Duration of untreated illness (DUI) is a predictor of outcome in psychotic and affective disorders. Data available on DUI and its relationship with outcome in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suggest an association between longer DUI and poorer treatment response. The present study investigated socio-demographic and clinical predictors of DUI and its association with long-term outcome in OCD patients. Eighty-three OCD outpatients were treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and prospectively followed-up for 3 years. Baseline information was collected on demographic and clinical characteristics using standard assessments. Each patient was assessed through the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID-I), the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis II personality disorders (SCID-II), the Yale-Brown obsessive–compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and the 17-item Hamilton rating scale for depression (HDRS). The DUI was explored by interviewing patients, family caregivers and clinicians. OCD subjects had a mean DUI of 7.3 (5.8) years. A younger age at onset and a greater severity of OCD symptoms at baseline were associated with a longer DUI. The DUI of patients with a “good outcome” was shorter than that of patients with a “poor outcome”. Logistic regression analysis revealed indeed a possible association between longer DUI and “poor outcome”. In the logistic multivariable model, the association of DUI with treatment outcome held true whilst controlling for socio-demographic and clinical variables.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Depressive disorder: Particularities of theory of mind
Authors: Rivis I.A. , Cristea I.E. , Giurgi-Oncu C. , Ienciu M. , Bredicean C. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction“Theory of mind” represents the cognitive ability to attribute mental states as belonging to others and it's essential in any social interaction.ObjectivesOur objective was to evaluate the capacity of emotion recognition in patients with recurrent depressive disorder.AimsThis study aimed to determine if theory of mind is influenced by psychotic features and the type of emotions distinguished.MethodsWe analyzed a sample of 45 patients with a diagnosis of recurrent depressive disorder (WHO ICD10) that was divided to include 23 patients with at least one episode with psychotic symptoms, while the rest had no history of psychotic symptoms. The “Reading the mind in the eyes” test was applied in an outpatient setting, in remission. The data has been processed in SPSS.ResultsThe study found that 72.72% of patients without psychotic symptoms have a low capacity of emotion attribution, while 27.72% demonstrated a normal capacity (P = 0.00252). The majority with a history of psychotic depression (82.60%) showed a low capacity of emotion recognition, while 17.39% had normal abilities (P = 0). None of the patients showed a high capacity of emotion recognition. There was a significant difference in the frequency of negative emotions recognition by all patients (77.77%), while only a few managed to detect positive emotions (22.22%), regardless of psychotic symptom history.ConclusionsIn itself, a history of recurrent depressive disorder is directly related to a reduced ability to correctly attribute emotions. Moreover, these patients are more likely to detect negative emotions rather than positive ones.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Usage of selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors in treatment of depressive disorders
Authors: Uzbekov M. , Maximova N. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesRelevance of current investigation is conditioned by the high prevalence of depression in population and tendency of increased rate of relapses.AimTo study efficacy of selective serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor–milnacipran in treatment of depressive disorders.MethodsThere were investigated 22 patients. Patient's state was defined as depressive episode (F32.1) and recurrent depressive disorder (F33.1). Mean age–33 years, duration of disease–from 2 weeks to 18 years, duration of current depressive episode–5.3 months. Mean point according to HAM-D scale before treatment was 24.0. Patients were investigated in dynamics of antidepressant therapy (milnacipran–50–150 mg/daily) for 4–5 weeks.ResultsEfficacy of treatment with milnacipran was 82% (18 responders, 4 nonresponders). In responder's group decrease of depressive symptoms was started after 1 week of treatment and practical reduction of all these symptoms was observed after 4–5 weeks of therapy (points of HAM-D scale–0.81). Patients of this group receive milnacipran as supportive therapy at least for 3 months after signing out of clinic. During 1 year after signing out of clinic, there were no signs of aggravation of patient's state. 2 patients independently discontinue to take the medicine; there were aggravation of state and they were hospitalized in psychiatric clinic.ConclusionMilnacipran is effective in treatment of depressive disorders, ensured effective reduction of depressive symptoms. Its therapeutic effect is realized rather quickly. Milnacipran can be recommended as antidepressant of choice for prophylaxis of depressive disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mental illness is an inevitable consequence of the singular diversity of human beings
Authors: Schwartz M. , Moskalewicz M. , Schwartz E. , Wiggins O. 
Published: June 2017

Nowadays, cosmopolitan populations increasingly applaud the broad physical, ethnic, racial, and cultural diversity of human beings. So long as we behave within sanctioned norms. This presentation will focus upon the above paradox: In contrast to delighting in physical, ethnic and cultural expressions of human diversity, present-day cosmopolitan societies increasingly call for conformity in behavioral and experiential realms. For example, at meetings such as this, we can freely express and celebrate racial, ethnic, and culturally differences, but we must communicate–within remarkably narrow ranges–cordiality, spontaneity, agreeableness, respectful disagreement and tact. And if we cannot?? We propose that the phenomenon of mental illness arises as a consequence of the phenomenon of human diversity coming up against constraints and limitations in mental and behavioral realms. This presentation will focus upon evolutionary, genetic, biological, anthropological, historical and cultural aspects of the primary role that human diversity plays in mental illness. We will discuss the adaptive origins and strengths associated with the extraordinary diversity of humans (and our pets/domestic animals) as well accompanying vulnerabilities. For example, diversity of skin pigmentation has enabled humans to extend across the globe. A consequence however, is enhanced vulnerability to skin cancer for some with fair skin and vitamin D deficiency for others with dark skin. Psychological diversities can be viewed analogously. The thesis that mental illness is an inevitable consequence of the singular diversity of humanity will be exemplified by disorders such as ADHD, melancholia, schizophrenia and sociopathy.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Collaborative care for treating common mental disorders in the community. Developing a clinical pathway for early intervention in Southeast Tuscany
Authors: Lussetti M. , De Lilla R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionCommon mental disorders (CMD) have a 12-month prevalence over 7% in the Italian population. Only 16,9% of people are treated by the health services, despite the high cost in disability and loss of productivity.ObjectivesTo improve access to low-intensity CBT (LI-CBT) treatments in primary care.AimsTo organize a clinical pathway in which general practitioners (GPs) identify the early signs of CMD and promote a collaborative care with a team of mental health practitioners (MHPs).MethodsA small team of MHPs outlined and implemented, in collaboration with a group of 9 GPs, a clinical pathway to treat CMD in stepped care. Guided self-help was the first and main intervention. Group and individual CBT were offered–when needed–as a second and third step. If the user opted for drug treatment, a psychiatrist conducted one or two sections of consultation to the GP. The MHP team was fully integrated within the community mental health center (CMHC). PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were rated at each appointment.ResultsWith a mean of 5,3 appointments, 90 persons were treated in 1 year. 68% reached recovery (both PHQ-9 and GAD-7 < 10), a result in line with the best performing English Clinical commissioning groups in the IAPT project.ConclusionsA small multi-professional team of MHP can build with GPs a simple clinical pathway able to reach high standards of care with relatively small resources offering LI-CBT integrated with drug treatment and high intensity care.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Apathy in depression: An arterial spin labeling study
Authors: Conan C. , Batail J.M. , Corouge I. , Palaric J. , Robert G. , Drapier D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionApathy is usually defined as a lack of goal-directed behavior. Although it is observed in about 30% of depressed patients, neurovascular mechanisms underpinning apathy remain little-known.ObjectivesThe main objective of this study was to compare the cerebral perfusion of apathetic depressed patients with non-apathetic depressed patients by arterial spin labeling (ASL), a quantitative and non-invasive perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique. The secondary objectives were to study their clinical profile and their correlation with cerebral perfusion data.MethodsThis study was conducted from a cohort of depressed patients in Rennes, France. Eighty-three depressed patients were included, of whom 22 were apathetic (AES≥42), 61 non-apathetic (AES < 42). Everyone got a clinical evaluation with scale screenings, especially for apathy (AES), anxiety (STAI) and anhedonia (SHAPS) as well as a cerebral MRI, including a pseudo-continuous ASL sequence.ResultsApathetic depressed patients were significantly less anxious and less anhedonic. Apathetic perfused better than non-apathetic in the inferior frontal gyrus (P = 0.022). We found a significant positive relationship between apathy and perfusion of the left frontal inferior gyrus (P = 0.05, r = 0.21). State-anxiety was positively correlated with perfusion of the cingulate cortex, the insula and the left amygdala. Anhedonia was positively correlated with the perfusion of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, the cingulate cortex and the insula.ConclusionsWe have shown that the clinical and perfusional profiles of apathetic depressed and non-apathetic differ. This study suggests the existence of two distinct neurobiological networks for depressed patients; one involving motivational networks for apathetic patients, and another one involving emotional networks for more anhedonic patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The squeezing snake, a psychiatric presentation of epilepsy: A case report
Authors: Mangas M. , Bravo L. , Martins Y. , Matos Pires A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEpilepsy is considered a complex neurological disorder with a great variety of clinical presentations that can resemble psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesDisclose an unusual clinical case with psychiatric symptoms as the presentation of epilepsy.MethodsPsychiatric assessments and retrospective review of the clinical file and literature research.ResultsA 40-years-old Romanian woman presented to the psychiatry outpatient service with a history of persistent depressive mood and disturbed sleep for the past 3 years, complaining of a feeling that she described as “a snake squeezing around her body, starting in her left leg and spreading to the rest of her body up to the neck” associated with a sense of pins and needles, occurring during night time. She attended general practice, neurosurgery and psychiatry appointments. Her medical history included “gastritis” and lower left leg fracture and a pituitary microadenoma revealed in brain CT-scan. Blood work, including endocrine tests and brain-MRI were normal. Her symptoms initially led to diagnosis of: anxiety, somatization, Ekbom syndrome and depression. She was treated with antidepressives, antipsychotics and anxiolytics, without response. After careful reconstruction of the clinical history and further analyses of her complaints, the diagnosis of focal sensory jacksonian seizure was made. Levetiracetam introduction led to symptomatic remission.ConclusionEpilepsy includes a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms. This case illustrates that epileptic patients may experience non-convulsive seizures that might be mistaken as primary psychiatric disorders. Neurologists and psychiatrists must be aware of this varied presentation while obtaining the medical history in order to investigate and manage this patient effectively.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.