bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Spontaneous Favorability to Power (vs. Universalism) Values Predict Spontaneous Prejudice and Discrimination?
Authors: Souchon Nicolas , Maio Gregory R. , Hanel Paul H. P. , Bardin Brigitte 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe conducted five studies testing whether an implicit measure of favorability toward power over universalism values predicts spontaneous prejudice and discrimination.MethodStudies 1 (N = 192) and 2 (N = 86) examined correlations between spontaneous favorability toward power (vs. universalism) values, achievement (vs. benevolence) values, and a spontaneous measure of prejudice toward ethnic minorities. Study 3 (N = 159) tested whether conditioning participants to associate power values with positive adjectives and universalism values with negative adjectives (or inversely) affects spontaneous prejudice. Study 4 (N = 95) tested whether decision bias toward female handball players could be predicted by spontaneous attitude toward power (vs. universalism) values. Study 5 (N = 123) examined correlations between spontaneous attitude toward power (vs. universalism) values, spontaneous importance toward power (vs. universalism) values, and spontaneous prejudice toward Black African people.ResultsSpontaneous positivity toward power (vs. universalism) values was associated with spontaneous negativity toward minorities and predicted gender bias in a decision task, whereas the explicit measures did not.ConclusionsThese results indicate that the implicit assessment of evaluative responses attached to human values helps to model value‐attitude‐behavior relations.
HISTORICAL LEGACY AND POLICY EFFECTIVENESS: THE LONG‐TERM INFLUENCE OF PREUNIFICATION BORDERS IN ITALY
Authors: d'Adda Giovanna , de Blasio Guido 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the interplay between cultural traditions and policy effectiveness. It explores the differential impact of a large development program (Cassa per il Mezzogiorno), implemented for four decades, starting in the 1950s, to stimulate convergence between Italy's south and the more developed north, on municipalities with different histories. Namely, we consider a sample of municipalities located on either side of the historical border of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, whose legacy is considered, from Putnam onwards, to be a prime‐facie cause of Southern Italy's underdevelopment. Having been part of the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies is associated with a negative impact of development policies, but only when the allocation of development funds through the Cassa per il Mezzogiorno suffered from low quality of governance and was driven by political considerations rather than by efficiency ones.
Serum bile acids as marker for acute decompensation and acute‐on‐chronic liver failure in patients with non‐cholestatic cirrhosis
Authors: Horvatits Thomas , Drolz Andreas , Roedl Kevin , Rutter Karoline , Ferlitsch Arnulf , Fauler Günter , Trauner Michael , Fuhrmann Valentin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsRetention of bile acids (BAs) plays a central role in hepatic damage and disturbed BA signalling in liver disease. However, there is lack of data regarding the association of BAs with clinical complications, acute decompensation (AD) and acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF). Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impact of circulating serum BAs for complications in patients with cirrhosis.MethodsOne hundred and forty‐three patients with cirrhosis were included in this prospective cohort‐type observational study. Total serum BAs and individual BA composition were assessed in all patients on admission via high‐performance liquid chromatography. Clinical complications with respect to AD, ACLF and 1‐year transplant‐free survival were recorded.ResultsTotal BAs and individual serum BAs were significantly higher in patients with bacterial infection, AD and ACLF (P<.001) and correlated significantly with model of end‐stage liver disease (MELD) and hepatic venous pressure gradient (P<.001). Total BAs predicted new onset of AD or ACLF during follow‐up (OR 1.025, 95% CI: 1.012–1.038, P<.001). Best cut‐off predicting new onset of AD/ACLF and survival during course of time was total BAs ≥36.9 μmol/L.ConclusionsSerum total and individual BAs are associated with AD and ACLF in patients with cirrhosis. Assessment of total BAs could serve as additional marker for risk stratification in cirrhotic patients with respect to new onset of AD and ACLF.
Mixed population genomics support for the central marginal hypothesis across the invasive range of the cane toad (Rhinella marina) in Australia
Authors: Trumbo Daryl R. , Epstein Brendan , Hohenlohe Paul A. , Alford Ross A. , Schwarzkopf Lin , Storfer Andrew 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUnderstanding factors that cause species' geographic range limits is a major focus in ecology and evolution. The central marginal hypothesis (CMH) predicts that species cannot adapt to conditions beyond current geographic range edges because genetic diversity decreases from core to edge due to smaller, more isolated edge populations. We employed a population genomics framework using 24 235–33 112SNPloci to test major predictions of theCMHin the ongoing invasion of the cane toad (Rhinella marina) in Australia. Cane toad tissue samples were collected along broad‐scale, core‐to‐edge transects across their invasive range. Geographic and ecological core areas were identified usingGISand habitat suitability indices from ecological niche modelling. Bayesian clustering analyses revealed three genetic clusters, in the northwest invasion‐front region, northeast precipitation‐limited region and southeast cold temperature‐limited region. Core‐to‐edge patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation were consistent with theCMHin the southeast, but were not supported in the northeast and showed mixed support in the northwest. Results suggest cold temperatures are a likely contributor to southeastern range limits, consistent withCMHpredictions. In the northeast and northwest, ecological processes consisting of a steep physiological barrier and ongoing invasion dynamics, respectively, are more likely explanations for population genomic patterns than theCMH.
Illusions of Optimal Motion, Relationism, and Perceptual Content
Authors: Echeverri Santiago 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAustere relationism rejects the orthodox analysis of hallucinations and illusions as incorrect perceptual representations. In this article, I argue that illusions of optimal motion (IOMs) present a serious challenge for this view. First, I submit that austere‐relationist accounts of misleading experiences cannot be adapted to account for IOMs. Second, I show that any attempt at elucidating IOMs within an austere‐relationist framework undermines the claim that perceptual experiences fundamentally involve relations to mind‐independent objects. Third, I develop a representationalist model of IOMs. The proposed analysis combines two ideas: Evans' dynamic modes of presentation and Fine's relational semantics for identity.
OsPAP10c, a novel secreted acid phosphatase in rice, plays an important role in the utilization of external organic phosphorus
Authors: Lu Linghong , Qiu Wenmin , Gao Wenwen , Tyerman Stephen D. , Shou Huixia , Wang Chuang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUnder phosphate (Pi) starvation, plants increase the secretion of purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) into the rhizosphere to scavenge organic phosphorus (P) for plant use. To date, only a few members of the PAP family have been characterized in crops. In this study, we identified a novel secreted PAP in rice, OsPAP10c, and investigated its role in the utilization of external organic P. OsPAP10c belongs to a monocotyledon‐specific subclass of Ia group PAPs and is specifically expressed in the epidermis/exodermis cell layers of roots. Both the transcript and protein levels of OsPAP10c are strongly induced by Pi starvation. OsPAP10c overexpression increased acid phosphatase (APase) activity by more than 10‐fold in the culture media and almost fivefold in both roots and leaves under Pi‐sufficient and Pi‐deficient conditions. This increase in APase activity further improved the plant utilization efficiency of external organic P. Moreover, several APase isoforms corresponding to OsPAP10c were identified using in‐gel activity assays. Under field conditions with three different Pi supply levels, OsPAP10c‐overexpressing plants had significantly higher tiller numbers and shorter plant heights. This study indicates that OsPAP10c encodes a novel secreted APase that plays an important role in the utilization of external organic P in rice.
Progression of Idiopathic Eruptive Macular Pigmentation in a Girl from Childhood to Adolescence: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Tsai Wen‐Chien , Lan Jui , Lee Chih‐Hung 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA 14‐year‐old girl developed brownish round macules and patches over the face, trunk, and proximal limbs with extensive progression since she was 7 years old. Electron microscopy examination revealed an increase in the number and maturity of melanosomes in basal and suprabasal keratinocytes, although the number of melanocytes was within the normal range. A diagnosis of idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation was made. We describe the unusual disease progression of this case of idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation, which was thought to be self‐limited.
Dynamic spatiotemporal brain analyses of the visual checkerboard task: Similarities and differences between passive and active viewing conditions
Authors: Cacioppo Stephanie , Weiss Robin M. , Cacioppo John T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe introduce a new analytic technique for the microsegmentation of high‐density EEG to identify the discrete brain microstates evoked by the visual reversal checkerboard task. To test the sensitivity of the present analytic approach to differences in evoked brain microstates across experimental conditions, subjects were instructed to (a) passively view the reversals of the checkerboard (passive viewing condition), or (b) actively search for a target stimulus that may appear at the fixation point, and they were offered a monetary reward if they correctly detected the stimulus (active viewing condition). Results revealed that, within the first 168 ms of a checkerboard presentation, the same four brain microstates were evoked in the passive and active viewing conditions, whereas the brain microstates evoked after 168 ms differed between these two conditions, with more brain microstates elicited in the active than in the passive viewing condition. Additionally, distinctions were found in the active condition between a change in a scalp configuration that reflects a change in microstate and a change in scalp configuration that reflects a change in the level of activation of the same microstate. Finally, the bootstrapping procedure identified that two microstates lacked robustness even though statistical significance thresholds were met, suggesting these microstates should be replicated prior to placing weight on their generalizability across individuals. These results illustrate the utility of the analytic approach and provide new information about the spatiotemporal dynamics of the brain states underlying passive and active viewing in the visual checkerboard task.
Conformity and controversies in the diagnosis, staging and follow‐up evaluation of canine nodal lymphoma: a systematic review of the last 15 years of published literature
Authors: Marconato L. , Polton G. A. , Sabattini S. , Dacasto M. , Garden O. A. , Grant I. , Hendrickx T. , Henriques J. , Lubas G. , Morello E. , Stefanello D. , Comazzi S. ,   on behalf of the European Canine Lymphoma Network
Published: July 2016

AbstractDiagnostic methods used in the initial and post‐treatment evaluation of canine lymphoma are heterogeneous and can vary within countries and institutions. Accurate reporting of clinical stage and response assessment is crucial in determining the treatment efficacy and predicting prognosis. This study comprises a systematic review of all available canine multicentric lymphoma studies published over 15 years. Data concerning diagnosis, clinical stage evaluation and response assessment procedures were extracted and compared. Sixty‐three studies met the eligibility criteria. Fifty‐five (87.3%) studies were non‐randomized prospective or retrospective studies. The survey results also expose variations in diagnostic criteria and treatment response assessment in canine multicentric lymphoma. Variations in staging procedures performed and recorded led to an unquantifiable heterogeneity among patients in and between studies, making it difficult to compare treatment efficacies. Awareness of this inconsistency of procedure and reporting may help in the design of future clinical trials.
On a lifting problem of L-packets
Authors: Xu Bin 
Published: July 2016

Let $G\subseteq \widetilde{G}$ be two quasisplit connected reductive groups over a local field of characteristic zero and having the same derived group. Although the existence of L-packets is still conjectural in general, it is believed that the L-packets of $G$ should be the restriction of those of $\widetilde{G}$. Motivated by this, we hope to construct the L-packets of $\widetilde{G}$ from those of $G$. The primary example in our mind is when $G=\text{Sp}(2n)$, whose L-packets have been determined by Arthur [The endoscopic classification of representations: orthogonal and symplectic groups, Colloquium Publications, vol. 61 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2013)], and $\widetilde{G}=\text{GSp}(2n)$. As a first step, we need to consider some well-known conjectural properties of L-packets. In this paper, we show how they can be deduced from the conjectural endoscopy theory. As an application, we obtain some structural information about L-packets of $\widetilde{G}$ from those of $G$.
Mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo2 is important for enterochromaffin cell response to mechanical forces
Authors: Wang Fan , Knutson Kaitlyn , Alcaino Constanza , Linden David R. , Gibbons Simon J. , Kashyap Purna , Grover Madhusudan , Oeckler Richard , Gottlieb Philip A. , Li Hui Joyce , Leiter Andrew B. , Farrugia Gianrico , Beyder Arthur 
Published: July 2016

Key points
The gastrointestinal epithelial enterochromaffin (EC) cell synthesizes the vast majority of the body's serotonin. As a specialized mechanosensor, the EC cell releases this serotonin in response to mechanical forces. However, the molecular mechanism of EC cell mechanotransduction is unknown.
In the present study, we show, for the first time, that the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo2 is specifically expressed by the human and mouse EC cells.
Activation of Piezo2 by mechanical forces results in a characteristic ionic current, the release of serotonin and stimulation of gastrointestinal secretion.
Piezo2 inhibition by drugs or molecular knockdown decreases mechanosensitive currents, serotonin release and downstream physiological effects.
The results of the present study suggest that the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo2 is specifically expressed by the EC cells of the human and mouse small bowel and that it is important for EC cell mechanotransduction.
AbstractThe enterochromaffin (EC) cell in the gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium is the source of nearly all systemic serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT), which is an important neurotransmitter and endocrine, autocrine and paracrine hormone. The EC cell is a specialized mechanosensor, and it is well known that it releases 5‐HT in response to mechanical forces. However, the EC cell mechanotransduction mechanism is unknown. The present study aimed to determine whether Piezo2 is involved in EC cell mechanosensation. Piezo2 mRNA was expressed in human jejunum and mouse mucosa from all segments of the small bowel. Piezo2 immunoreactivity localized specifically within EC cells of human and mouse small bowel epithelium. The EC cell model released 5‐HT in response to stretch, and had Piezo2 mRNA and protein, as well as a mechanically‐sensitive inward non‐selective cation current characteristic of Piezo2. Both inward currents and 5‐HT release were inhibited by Piezo2 small interfering RNA and antagonists (Gd3+ and D‐GsMTx4). Jejunum mucosal pressure increased 5‐HT release and short‐circuit current via submucosal 5‐HT3 and 5‐HT4 receptors. Pressure‐induced secretion was inhibited by the mechanosensitive ion channel antagonists gadolinium, ruthenium red and D‐GsMTx4. We conclude that the EC cells in the human and mouse small bowel GI epithelium selectively express the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo2, and also that activation of Piezo2 by force leads to inward currents, 5‐HT release and an increase in mucosal secretion. Therefore, Piezo2 is critical to EC cell mechanosensitivity and downstream physiological effects.
Dietary sodium-to-potassium ratio as a risk factor for stroke, cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in Japan: the NIPPON DATA80 cohort study
Authors: Okayama Akira , Okuda Nagako , Miura Katsuyuki , Okamura Tomonori , Hayakawa Takehito , Akasaka Hiroshi , Ohnishi Hirofumi , Saitoh Shigeyuki , Arai Yusuke , Kiyohara Yutaka , Takashima Naoyuki , Yoshita Katsushi , Fujiyoshi Akira , Zaid Maryam , Ohkubo Takayoshi , Ueshima Hirotsugu 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo evaluate the impact of dietary sodium and potassium (Na–K) ratio on mortality from total and subtypes of stroke, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all causes, using 24-year follow-up data of a representative sample of the Japanese population.SettingProspective cohort study.ParticipantsIn the 1980 National Cardiovascular Survey, participants were followed for 24 years (NIPPON DATA80, National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease And its Trends in the Aged). Men and women aged 30–79 years without hypertensive treatment, history of stroke or acute myocardial infarction (n=8283) were divided into quintiles according to dietary Na–K ratio assessed by a 3-day weighing dietary record at baseline. Age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted HRs were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method and Cox proportional hazards model.Primary outcome measuresMortality from total and subtypes of stroke, CVD and all causes.ResultsA total of 1938 deaths from all causes were observed over 176 926 person-years. Na–K ratio was significantly and non-linearly related to mortality from all stroke (p=0.002), CVD (p=0.005) and total mortality (p=0.001). For stroke subtypes, mortality from haemorrhagic stroke was positively related to Na–K ratio (p=0.024). Similar relationships were observed for men and women. The observed relationships remained significant after adjustment for other risk factors. Quadratic non-linear multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CI) in the highest quintile versus the lowest quintile of Na–K ratio were 1.42 (1.07 to 1.90) for ischaemic stroke, 1.57 (1.05 to 2.34) for haemorrhagic stroke, 1.43 (1.17 to 1.76) for all stroke, 1.39 (1.20 to 1.61) for CVD and 1.16 (1.06 to 1.27) for all-cause mortality.ConclusionsDietary Na–K ratio assessed by a 3-day weighing dietary record was a significant risk factor for mortality from haemorrhagic stroke, all stroke, CVD and all causes among a Japanese population.
Cohort profile: the Finnish Medication and Alzheimer's disease (MEDALZ) study
Authors: Tolppanen Anna-Maija , Taipale Heidi , Koponen Marjaana , Lavikainen Piia , Tanskanen Antti , Tiihonen Jari , Hartikainen Sirpa 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThe aim of the Medicine use and Alzheimer's disease (MEDALZ) study is to investigate the changes in medication and healthcare service use among persons with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of medications in this group. This is important, because the number of persons with AD is rapidly growing and even though they are a particularly vulnerable patient group, the number of representative, large-scale studies with adequate follow-up time is limited.ParticipantsMEDALZ contains all residents of Finland who received a clinically verified diagnosis of AD between 2005 and 2011 and were community-dwelling at the time of diagnosis (N=70 719). The diagnosis is based on the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCS-ADRDA) and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for Alzheimer's disease. The cohort contains socioeconomic data (education, occupational status and taxable income, 1972–2012) and causes of death (2005–2012), data from the prescription register (1995–2012), the special reimbursement register (1972–2012) and the hospital discharge register (1972–2012). Future updates are planned.The average age was 80.1 years (range 34.5–104.6 years). The majority of cohort (65.2%) was women. Currently, the average length of follow-up after AD diagnosis is 3.1 years and altogether 26 045 (36.8%) persons have died during the follow-up.FindingsAltogether 53% of the cohort had used psychotropic drugs within 1 year after AD diagnoses. The initiation rate of for example, benzodiazepines and related drugs and antidepressants began to increase already before AD diagnosis.Future plansWe are currently assessing if these, and other commonly used medications are related to adverse events such as death, hip fractures, head injuries and pneumonia.
A life-table model estimation of the parr capacity of a late 19th century Puget Sound steelhead population
Authors: Gayeski Nick , Pess George , Beechie Tim 
Published: July 2016

An age-structured life-cycle model of steelhead ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) for the Stillaguamish River in Puget Sound, Washington, USA, was employed to estimate the number of age-1 steelhead parr that could have produced the estimated adult return of 69 000 in 1895. We then divided the estimated parr numbers by the estimated area of steelhead rearing habitat in the Stillaguamish River basin in 1895 and under current conditions to estimate density of rearing steelhead then and now. Scaled to estimates of total wetted area of tributary and mainstem shallow shoreline habitat, our historic estimates averaged 0.39–0.49 parr·m−2, and ranged from 0.24 to 0.7 parr·m−2. These values are significantly greater than current densities in the Stillaguamish (mainstem average: 0.15 parr·m−2, tributaries: 0.07 parr·m−2), but well within the range of recent estimates of steelhead parr rearing densities in high-quality habitats. Our results indicate that modest improvement in the capacity of mainstem and tributary rearing habitat in Puget Sound rivers will yield large recovery benefits if realized in a large proportion of the area of river basins currently accessible to steelhead.