bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social experience and psychosis. Insights from studies of migrant and ethnic minority groups
Authors: Morgan Craig , Fearon Paul 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper we aim to provide an overview of initial findings from the UK ÆSOP study concerning ethnicity, social risk factors and psychosis, and to set the findings from this study within the context of other related research. Our focus is primarily on the UK African-Caribbean population. ÆSOP is a multi-centre population based incidence and case-control study of first episode psychosis, conducted initially over a three-year period. The study sample comprises: a) all patients with a first episode of psychosis who presented to secondary and tertiary services within tightly defined catchment areas in south-east London, Nottingham and Bristol, UK over defined time periods; and b) a random sample of healthy community controls. Findings from the ÆSOP study to date have confirmed that the African-Caribbean and Black African populations in the UK are at increased risk of schizophrenia and other psychoses, compared with the White British population. Analyses of data relating to social risk factors suggest that various forms of early childhood and adult adversity, and neighbourhood characteristics, including ethnic density, may be particularly important in contributing to increased risk in these populations. These data suggest that adverse social experiences maybe aetiologically relevant in schizophrenia and other psychoses. A more complete understanding of these factors may help us to clarify why there are differences in rates between populations.
The long and winding journey of Outsider Art. An historical perspective
Authors: Tansella Carole 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYAims - The article describes the evolution of Outsider Art from the birth of its term in 1972 to the present and its emancipation from the margin to the markets, still in progress. Results - Tracing the evolution of Outsider Art evidences a stark contradiction. On one hand the art world of collectors, historians, art dealers and admirateurs, accepts without reservation artwork that for many years was kept in a marginal position, compared to the “insider” art establishment. On the other hand art experts can not agree on a universal definition of this category of art. The particular status of the outsider artists is one of the reasons that causes difficulty in reaching a definition of Outsider Art. Significant atelier experiences with psychiatric patients delineate the difference between an Outsider Art work and a work produced by Art Therapy. Conclusions - The art market of art dealers and art collectors can be identified as the place where these contradictions dissolve, and where the Outsider Art category finds its ultimate legitimation and international recognition.
Clinical vs. structured interview on anxiety and affective disorders by primary care physicians. Understanding diagnostic discordance
Authors: Balestrieri Matteo , Baldacci Sandra , Bellomo Antonello , Bellantuono Cesario , Conti Luciano , Perugi Giulio , Nardini Marcello , Borbotti Marco , Viegi Giovanni 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYAims— To assess in a national sample the ability of GPs to detect psychiatric disorders using a clinical vs. a standardized interview and to characterize the patients that were falsely diagnosed with an anxiety or affective disorder.Methods— This is a national, cross—sectional, epidemiological survey, carried out by GPs on a random sample of their patients. The GPs were randomly divided into two groups. Apart from the routine clinical interview, the experimental group (group A) had to administer the Mini—International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI).Results— Data was collected by 143 GPs. 17.2% of all patients had a clinical diagnosis of an affective disorder, and 25.4% a clinical diagnosis of an anxiety disorder. In group A, the number of clinical diagnoses was about twice that of MINI diagnoses for affective disorders and one and a half times that for anxiety disorders. The majority of clinical diagnoses were represented by MINI subsyndromal cases (52.3%). Females showed a higher OR of being over—detected by GPs with anxiety disorders or of not being diagnosed with an affective disorder. Being divorced/separated/widowed increased the OR of over—detection of affective and anxiety disorders. The OR of over—detection of an affective or an anxiety disorder was higher for individuals with a moderate to poor quality of life.Conclusions— In the primary care a gap exists between clinical and standardized interviews in the detection of affective and anxiety disorders. Some experiential and social factors can increase this tendency. The use of a psycho.Declaration of Interest: GlaxoSmithKline provided unrestricted economic and organizational support to the study. No further declarations on other form of financing or any other involvement that might be considered a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.
Beliefs about psychosocial consequences of schizophrenia and depression: a comparative study in a sample of secondary school students
Authors: Castiello Giuseppina , Magliano Lorenza 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYAims — Description of students' opinions about schizophrenia and depression. Methods — The study was carried out on a sample of 445 secondary school students, randomly allocated to a “schizophrenia” or a “depression” group (N=221 and N=224, respectively). Each respondent was asked to read a case—vignette describing a case of schizophrenia or depression, and then to fill the Questionnaire on the Opinions about Mental Illness — General Population's version (QO—GP). Results — 35% of students in “schizophrenia” group vs. 85% in “depression” group attributed a correct diagnosis to case—vignette. 19% of students in the “schizophrenia” group vs. 39% in the “depression” group believed that these mental disorders can recover. Affective and civil rights were more frequently acknowledged to patients with depression than to those with schizophrenia. In both groups, the majority of students stated that mentally ill patients were unpredictable and socially dangerous. Students who reported TV stories on people with mentally ill were more frequently convinced on their unpredictability and social dangerousness. Conclusions — These results outline the need to: a) plan educational campaigns for students on mental disorders; b) alert media professionals on the impact that the way they present crimes committed by mentally ill patients may have on general population.Declaration of Interest: None of the authors has had any interest or she has received any form of support, including that from drug companies and honoraria for lectures and consultancies potentially in conflict with this scientific work in the last two years. None of the authors has received any form of fee for her participation in this study.
Technological innovation, social learning and natural hazard mitigation: evidence on earthquake fatalities
Authors: Miao Qing 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHow do people learn from disasters? Do they constantly develop and accumulate new knowledge that enables them to address recurrent disaster risks? This paper investigates whether social learning and, in particular, the development of earthquake-mitigating technologies reduces earthquake-induced fatalities. Combining patent data with a global cross-section of 894 earthquakes that occurred between 1980 and 2010, we find that countries with more disaster-mitigating innovations and more earthquake exposure in the past suffer fewer fatalities. This study is the first to empirically examine the role of technological change and social learning in disaster mitigation. It sheds light on knowledge as a key element of adaptive capacity, and suggests the importance of incorporating technology development into a long-term hazard mitigation and adaptation policy. The paper also contributes to the empirical disaster literature as the first to address the problem of missing data on disaster losses.
Changes in ultrasound measures of muscle and its genetic variation during lactation in dairy cows
Authors: Sloniewski K. , Mao I. L. , Jensen J. , Madsen P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractChanges in ultrasound measures of muscle area (UtM) during lactation in different breeds and parities and with different feeding levels were examined. Random regressions were fitted to repeated measures of UtM in order to study changes in variance components of UtM during lactation. Correlations between measures taken in different stages of lactation and in different parities were also calculated. The shape of UtM curves during lactation appeared to be fairly consistent for all breeds and parities. The lowest point of all curves coincided with the expected nadir of body reserves during lactation. With lower-than-normal feeding level, the drop of UtM after calving was deeper and the overall level was lower. A major proportion of the variance in UtM was found to be determined by additive genetic variation. In all three breeds studied, repeatability and heritability estimates were high and fairly consistent during lactation and between parities. The very high genetic correlations between measures taken in different periods of lactation suggested that muscle growth and recovery are controlled by the same gene complex throughout lactation.Our results suggest that UtM, if used jointly with other body measures such as body condition score, could be a useful indicator of tissue mobilization and deposition in the lactating cow, especially during the early stage of lactation.
Brief assessment of food insecurity accurately identifies high-risk US adults
Authors: Gundersen Craig , Engelhard Emily E , Crumbaugh Amy S , Seligman Hilary K 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo facilitate the introduction of food insecurity screening into clinical settings, we examined the test performance of two-item screening questions for food insecurity against the US Department of Agriculture’s Core Food Security Module.DesignWe examined sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of various two-item combinations of questions assessing food insecurity in the general population and high-risk population subgroups.Setting2013 Current Population Survey December Supplement, a population-based US survey.SubjectsAll survey participants from the general population and high-risk subgroups.ResultsThe test characteristics of multiple two-item combinations of questions assessing food insecurity had adequate sensitivity (>97 %) and specificity (>70 %) for widespread adoption as clinical screening measures.ConclusionsWe recommend two specific items for clinical screening programmes based on their widespread current use and high sensitivity for detecting food insecurity. These items query how often the household ‘worried whether food would run out before we got money to buy more’ and how often ‘the food that we bought just didn’t last and we didn’t have money to get more’. The recommended items have sensitivity across high-risk population subgroups of ≥97 % and a specificity of ≥74 % for food insecurity.
Human expunction
Authors: Klee Robert 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThomas Nagel in ‘The Absurd’ (Nagel 1971) mentions the future expunction of the human species as a ‘metaphor’ for our ability to see our lives from the outside, which he claims is one source of our sense of life's absurdity. I argue that the future expunction (not to be confused with extinction) of everything human – indeed of everything biological in a terran sense – is not a mere metaphor but a physical certainty under the laws of nature. The causal processes by which human expunction will take place are presented in some empirical detail, so that philosophers cannot dismiss it as merely speculative. I also argue that appeals to anthropic principles or to forms of mystical cosmology are of no plausible avail in the face of human expunction under the laws of physics.
Coherent control of a strongly driven silicon vacancy optical transition in diamond
Authors: Zhou Yu , Rasmita Abdullah , Li Ke , Xiong Qihua , Aharonovich Igor , Gao Wei-bo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe ability to prepare, optically read out and coherently control single quantum states is a key requirement for quantum information processing. Optically active solid-state emitters have emerged as promising candidates with their prospects for on-chip integration as quantum nodes and sources of coherent photons connecting these nodes. Under a strongly driving resonant laser field, such quantum emitters can exhibit quantum behaviour such as Autler–Townes splitting and the Mollow triplet spectrum. Here we demonstrate coherent control of a strongly driven optical transition in silicon vacancy centre in diamond. Rapid optical detection of photons enabled the observation of time-resolved coherent Rabi oscillations and the Mollow triplet spectrum. Detection with a probing transition further confirmed Autler–Townes splitting generated by a strong laser field. The coherence time of the emitted photons is comparable to its lifetime and robust under a very strong driving field, which is promising for the generation of indistinguishable photons.
Dielectric and ferroelectric sensing based on molecular recognition in Cu(1,10-phenlothroline)2SeO4·(diol) systems
Authors: Ye Heng-Yun , Liao Wei-Qiang , Zhou Qionghua , Zhang Yi , Wang Jinlan , You Yu-Meng , Wang Jin-Yun , Chen Zhong-Ning , Li Peng-Fei , Fu Da-Wei , Huang Songping D. , Xiong Ren-Gen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe process of molecular recognition is the assembly of two or more molecules through weak interactions. Information in the process of molecular recognition can be transmitted to us via physical signals, which may find applications in sensing and switching. The conventional signals are mainly limited to light signal. Here, we describe the recognition of diols with Cu(1,10-phenlothroline)2SeO4 and the transduction of discrete recognition events into dielectric and/or ferroelectric signals. We observe that systems of Cu(1,10-phenlothroline)2SeO4·(diol) exhibit significant dielectric and/or ferroelectric dependence on different diol molecules. The compounds including ethane-1,2-diol or propane-1,2-diol just show small temperature-dependent dielectric anomalies and no reversible polarization, while the compound including ethane-1,3-diol shows giant temperature-dependent dielectric anomalies as well as ferroelectric reversible spontaneous polarization. This finding shows that dielectricity and/or ferroelectricity has the potential to be used for signalling molecular recognition.
Use of concomitant inhaled corticosteroids: pooled data from two phase III studies of aclidinium plus formoterol in COPD
Authors: D’Urzo Anthony , Singh Dave , Garcia Gil Esther 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBronchodilator therapy is the backbone of the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In some patients, inhaled corticosteroids can be prescribed in combination with bronchodilators. Through a subgroup analysis of pooled data from two large phase III clinical trials of bronchodilator therapy according to concomitant inhaled corticosteroid use (user vs. non-user), we sought to evaluate the clinical benefit of adding inhaled corticosteroids to dual bronchodilator therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The primary focus of this analysis of pooled data from the phase III ACLIFORM and AUGMENT studies was to evaluate the efficacy of aclidinium/formoterol on lung function stratified by inhaled corticosteroid use. We found that lung-function end points were significantly improved regardless of concomitant inhaled corticosteroid use among patients treated with the dual bronchodilator aclidinium/formoterol 400/12 µg twice daily compared with placebo and both monotherapies. Together with the previously reported observations that aclidinium/formoterol 400/12 µg reduces exacerbations vs. placebo in inhaled corticosteroid users and improves dyspnoea compared to monotherapy in inhaled corticosteroid non-users, these data suggest that both groups achieve lung function improvements, which translates to different clinical benefits depending on whether or not a patient is receiving concomitant inhaled corticosteroids.
Constructing oxide interfaces and heterostructures by atomic layer-by-layer laser molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Lei Qingyu , Golalikhani Maryam , Davidson Bruce A. , Liu Guozhen , Schlom Darrell G. , Qiao Qiao , Zhu Yimei , Chandrasena Ravini U. , Yang Weibing , Gray Alexander X. , Arenholz Elke , Farrar Andrew K. , Tenne Dmitri A. , Hu Minhui , Guo Jiandong , Singh Rakesh K. , Xi Xiaoxing 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAdvancements in nanoscale engineering of oxide interfaces and heterostructures have led to discoveries of emergent phenomena and new artificial materials. Combining the strengths of reactive molecular-beam epitaxy and pulsed-laser deposition, we show here, with examples of Sr1+x
Ti1-x
O3+δ, Ruddlesden–Popper phase La
n+1Ni
n
O3n+1 (n = 4), and LaAl1+y
O3(1+0.5y)/SrTiO3 interfaces, that atomic layer-by-layer laser molecular-beam epitaxy significantly advances the state of the art in constructing oxide materials with atomic layer precision and control over stoichiometry. With atomic layer-by-layer laser molecular-beam epitaxy we have produced conducting LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces at high oxygen pressures that show no evidence of oxygen vacancies, a capability not accessible by existing techniques. The carrier density of the interfacial two-dimensional electron gas thus obtained agrees quantitatively with the electronic reconstruction mechanism.
Superconducting order from disorder in 2H-TaSe
2−
x
S
x
Authors: Li Lijun , Deng Xiaoyu , Wang Zhen , Liu Yu , Abeykoon Milinda , Dooryhee Eric , Tomic Aleksandra , Huang Yanan , Warren John B. , Bozin Emil S. , Billinge Simon J. L. , Sun Yuping , Zhu Yimei , Kotliar Gabriel , Petrovic Cedomir 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe report on the emergence of robust superconducting order in single crystal alloys of TaSe2−
x
S
x
(0 ≤ × ≤ 2). The critical temperature of the alloy is surprisingly higher than that of the two end compounds TaSe2 and TaS2. The evolution of superconducting critical temperature Tc(x) correlates with the full width at half maximum of the Bragg peaks and with the linear term of the high-temperature resistivity. The conductivity of the crystals near the middle of the alloy series is higher or similar than that of either one of the end members 2H-TaSe2 and/or 2H-TaS2. It is known that in these materials superconductivity is in close competition with charge density wave order. We interpret our experimental findings in a picture where disorder tilts this balance in favor of superconductivity by destroying the charge density wave order.
Generating testable hypotheses for schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis by integrating epidemiological, genomic, and protein interaction data
Authors: Malavia Tulsi A. , Chaparala Srilakshmi , Wood Joel , Chowdari Kodavali , Prasad Konasale M. , McClain Lora , Jegga Anil G. , Ganapathiraju Madhavi K. , Nimgaonkar Vishwajit L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPatients with schizophrenia and their relatives have reduced prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis. Schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis genome-wide association studies also indicate negative genetic correlations, suggesting that there may be shared pathogenesis at the DNA level or downstream. A portion of the inverse prevalence could be attributed to pleiotropy, i.e., variants of a single nucleotide polymorphism that could confer differential risk for these disorders. To study the basis for such an interrelationship, we initially compared lists of single nucleotide polymorphisms with significant genetic associations (p < 1e-8) for schizophrenia or rheumatoid arthritis, evaluating patterns of linkage disequilibrium and apparent pleiotropic risk profiles. Single nucleotide polymorphisms that conferred risk for both schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis were localized solely to the extended HLA region. Among single nucleotide polymorphisms that conferred differential risk for schizophrenia and rheumatoid arthritis, the majority were localized toHLA-B,TNXB,NOTCH4,HLA-C,HCP5,MICB,PSORS1C1, andC6orf10; published functional data indicate that HLA-B and HLA-C have the most plausible pathogenic roles in both disorders. Interactomes of these eight genes were constructed from protein–protein interaction information using publicly available databases and novel computational predictions. The genes harboring apparently pleiotropic single nucleotide polymorphisms are closely connected to rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia associated genes through common interacting partners. A separate and independent analysis of the interactomes of rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia genes showed a significant overlap between the two interactomes and that they share several common pathways, motivating functional studies suggesting a relationship in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia/rheumatoid arthritis.
Intraluminal pressure patterns in the human colon assessed by high-resolution manometry
Authors: Chen Ji-Hong , Yu Yuanjie , Yang Zixian , Yu Wen-Zhen , Chen Wu Lan , Yu Hui , Kim Marie Jeong-Min , Huang Min , Tan Shiyun , Luo Hesheng , Chen Jianfeng , Chen Jiande D. Z. , Huizinga Jan D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAssessment of colonic motor dysfunction is rarely done because of inadequate methodology and lack of knowledge about normal motor patterns. Here we report on elucidation of intraluminal pressure patterns using High Resolution Colonic Manometry during a baseline period and in response to a meal, in 15 patients with constipation, chronically dependent on laxatives, 5 healthy volunteers and 9 patients with minor, transient, IBS-like symptoms but no sign of constipation. Simultaneous pressure waves (SPWs) were the most prominent propulsive motor pattern, associated with gas expulsion and anal sphincter relaxation, inferred to be associated with fast propagating contractions. Isolated pressure transients occurred in most sensors, ranging in amplitude from 5–230 mmHg. Rhythmic haustral boundary pressure transients occurred at sensors about 4–5 cm apart. Synchronized haustral pressure waves, covering 3–5 cm of the colon occurred to create a characteristic intrahaustral cyclic motor pattern at 3–6 cycles/min, propagating in mixed direction. This activity abruptly alternated with erratic patterns resembling the segmentation motor pattern of the small intestine. High amplitude propagating pressure waves (HAPWs) were too rare to contribute to function assessment in most subjects. Most patients, dependent on laxatives for defecation, were able to generate normal motor patterns in response to a meal.