bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silver Telluride Colloidal Quantum Dot Solid for Fast Extended Shortwave Infrared Photodetector
Authors: Ahn Yongnam , Eom So Young , Kim Gahyeon , Lee Jin Hyeok , Kim Beomkwan , Kim Dongeon , Si Min‐Jae , Yang Minjung , Jung Yujin , Kim Bo Seon , Chung Yoon Jang , Jeong Kwang Seob , Baek Se‐Woong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExtended shortwave infrared (eSWIR) photodetectors that employ solution‐processable semiconductors have attracted attention for use in applications such as ranging, night vision, and gas detection. Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are promising materials with facile bandgap tunability across the visible‐to‐mid‐infrared wavelengths. However, toxic elements, such as Hg and Pb, and the slow response time of CQD‐based IR photodetectors, limit their commercial viability. This article presents a novel eSWIR photodetector that is fabricated using silver telluride (Ag2Te) CQDs. Effective thiolate ligand exchange enables a lower trap density and improved carrier mobility in CQD solids. Furthermore, a vertical p‐n photodiode architecture with a favorable energy‐level landscape is utilized to facilitate charge extraction, resulting in a fast, room‐temperature‐operable, and toxic‐element‐free CQD photodetector. The best eSWIR Ag2Te CQD photodetector exhibits a fall time of 72 ns, representing the fastest response time among all prior CQD‐based eSWIR photodetectors, including those containing toxic elements, such as Pb and Hg.
Precise Electrocatalysis on Fe‐Porphyrin Conjugated Networks Achieves Energy‐Efficient Extraction of Uranium
Authors: Wang Wenwen , Xu Meiyun , Wu Haotian , Song Yan , Liu Peng , Yu Haisheng , Zhang Linjuan , Chen Shusen , Hua Daoben 
Published: October 2024

AbstractElectrochemical extraction has the potential to enhance uranium (U) extraction capacity and rates, but thus far, high selectivity and energy efficiency have not been achieved through the design of electrode materials. Herein, a precise electrocatalysis strategy is developed using a Ferrum (Fe) porphyrin‐phenanthroline conjugated network (Fe@PDACN) for energy‐efficient uranium extraction. The phenanthroline provides specific binding sites for selective enrichment of U(VI) at active sites (Kd = 2.79 × 105 mL g−1 in multi‐ion solution). The Fe(II) sites have strong trap‐redox activity for U(VI) and act as dynamic electron donors to rapidly mediate electrocatalytic U(VI) extraction through the redox reaction of Fe(0/II)/Fe(III). Moreover, the Fe‐porphyrin blocks support sustained electron donation for U(VI) electrocatalysis by pre‐storing electrons. These features enable selective uranium capture and a high electroextraction capacity of 24 646.3 mg g−1 from simulated nuclear wastewater in 280 h at a low voltage of −1.5 V. An ultra‐high Faraday efficiency of 90.1% is achieved, and the energy cost is 3.22 × 10−2 $ kg−1 U, significantly lower than the previously reported materials. This work provides a highly efficient strategy for uranium extraction from water.
Robust Light Detection from Ultraviolet to Near‐Infrared with ZnGa2O4/p‐Si Heterojunction Photodiode and Its Application for Optoelectronic Physically Unclonable Functions
Authors: Choi Wangmyung , Kang Seungme , Kim Yeong Jae , Yoo Youngwoo , Shin Wonjun , Kim Yeongkwon , Kim Young‐Joon , Jang Byung Chul , Hur Jaehyun , Yoo Hocheon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Si‐based self‐powered broadband photodiode (SSBP) is prized for its ability to swiftly detect light across a wide spectrum without requiring an external voltage. However, boosting its efficiency remains challenging due to its high refractive index and limited UV light penetration. A combination of Si with ZnGa2O4, an ultra‐wide‐bandgap spinel material, can bring new opportunities to address these shortcomings of SSBP. In this study, a ZnGa2O4/p‐Si heterojunction photodiode is presented, which is capable of detecting UV to near‐infrared light autonomously. Operating without bias, this device exhibits excellent rectification and detects wavelengths from 265 to 1000 nm, achieving impressive performance metrics such as a photo‐to‐dark current ratio of 5.8 × 104, response speed of less than 3 ms, responsivity of 117 mA W−1, and specific detectivity of 5.5 × 1012 Jones while the photodiode demonstrates exceptional stability and durability under harsh conditions. The versatility of this device is demonstrated by applying it to the optical imaging sensors and physically unclonable security devices. This study provides new inspirations for the development of the energy‐efficient and emerging optical sensing technologies.
Degradation Mechanism and Enhanced Stability of Organolithium for Chemical Lithiation
Authors: Xu Shiwei , Liu Yue , Li Yejing , Cao Mengyan , Wu QingLi , Ma Bingyun , Zhang Jiayi , Fang Qiu , Chen Liquan , Wang Zhaoxiang , Cheng Tao , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrganolithium solutions, especially Li‐arene solutions (LASs) with high reactivity and controllable redox potentials, have gained significant attention because of their wide applications in chemical lithiation, liquid anodes, and battery recycling. However, the sudden loss of reactivity when stored or applied at room temperature is still puzzling and inhibits the application of LASs. In this work, the degradation mechanism of LASs is fully investigated and revealed by combining various experimental characterization and computational simulations. A hierarchical reaction mechanism for lithium biphenyl/2‐methyl tetrahydrofuran (Li‐Bp‐2MT), a lithiation solution used for most anodes, explains degradation and side product formation. Specifically, the dimerization of the active component Li1Bp[2MT]1 forms an inactive dimer that is irreversibly reduced in the presence of locally accumulated highly reductive Li0. This reaction mechanism reveals the atomic origins of lithiation solution deactivation and accounts for all solid and gaseous byproducts. LiH is identified as the dominating solid byproduct, indicating irreversible destruction of the active components and facilitating side reactions producing H2 and CH4. Based on reaction mechanism insights, modifying molecular interactions and reaction kinetics are experimentally shown to inhibit Li0 aggregation kinetics, enhancing long‐term prelithiation performance. This research provides comprehensive guidelines for practical applications of LASs.
Using Post‐Treatment Additives for Crystal Modulation and Interface Passivation Enables the Fabrication of Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells in Air
Authors: Zhang Yuning , Yu Bo , Wei Xiaochun , Yu Huangzhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh‐performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated in ambient air are considered inevitable for low‐cost commercial manufacturing. However, passivating perovskite film defects and controlling the crystallization process are critical for achieving high performance in PSCs. This study proposes using the novel 2D material MBene in green antisolvent to simultaneously modulate the crystallization and passivation defects of perovskites. MBene facilitates the passivation of uncoordinated Pb2+ ions, thereby enhancing the formation energy of vacancies within the perovskite film and adjusting the energy level structure. Moreover, MBene increases nucleation sites for perovskite, significantly extending crystal growth and improving film crystallinity, thereby reducing non‐radiative recombination. Consequently, champion devices treated with MBene achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.22% when fabricated in air, and exhibit superior humidity and long‐term stability. Furthermore, PSCs with added MBene exhibit significant long‐term stability under various environmental conditions, including humidity and heat. The study results lay a foundation for the development of MBene materials in photovoltaics, revealing their mechanism as a new type of 2D material in perovskites, and providing new insights for industrially producing efficient and stable solar cells.
Ultrahigh‐Pressure Structural Modification in BiCuSeO Ceramics: Dense Dislocations and Exceptional Thermoelectric Performance
Authors: Yin Zhanxiang , Zhang He , Wang Yaqiang , Wu Yi , Xing Youbo , Wang Xue , Fang Xufei , Yu Yuan , Guo Xin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDislocations as line defects in crystalline solids play a crucial role in controlling the mechanical and functional properties of materials. Yet, for functional ceramic oxides, it is very difficult to introduce dense dislocations because of the strong chemical bonds. In this work, the introduction of high‐density dislocations is demonstrated by ultrahigh‐pressure sintering into a typical ceramic oxide, BiCuSeO, for thermoelectric applications. The ultrahigh‐pressure induces shear stresses that surpass the critical strength for dislocation nucleation, followed by dislocation glide and profuse multiplication, leading to a high dislocation density of ≈9.1 × 1016 m−2 in Bi0.96Pb0.04CuSeO ceramic. These dislocations greatly suppress the phonon transport to reduce the lattice thermal conductivity, reaching 0.13 Wm−1 K−1 at 767 K and resulting in a record‐high zT of 1.69 in this oxide thermoelectric ceramic. This study demonstrates the feasibility of generating dense dislocations in ceramic oxides via ultrahigh‐pressure sintering for tuning functional properties.
Neurodevelopment in Young Children With Sex Chromosome Trisomies Diagnosed Before Birth: A Cluster Analysis Study
Authors: Zampini Laura , Lorini Alessandra , Zanchi Paola , Scionti Nicoletta , Silibello Gaia , Dall'Ara Francesca , Ajmone Paola Francesca , Monti Federico , Costantino Maria Antonella , Vizziello Paola Giovanna 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMany studies have investigated the neuropsychological profile of individuals with sex chromosome trisomies (SCTs) and have identified some fragilities in language development within a wide individual variability. However, only a few studies have focused on children in the second year of life (12–24 months), a crucial stage for neurodevelopment. The present study aimed to identify and describe neurodevelopmental patterns in young children with SCTs. Seventy children with SCTs, ranging in age from 14 to 29 months, were administered the Griffiths Mental Development Scales, and their different neurodevelopmental profiles were identified using cluster analysis. Two‐step cluster analysis highlighted two profiles of children equally distributed between groups. The two clusters showed a similar pattern but different levels of functioning, with children in Cluster 1 showing a lower performance in all the areas considered than children in Cluster 2. However, in both clusters, all the mean scores were in the normative range, with a significant gap in the linguistic area. Identifying the subgroups of young children with SCTs at higher risk can contribute to developing early monitoring protocols and targeted therapy approaches.
Technical note: Measuring bicondylar length in computed tomography data
Authors: Kamnikar Kelly R. , Appel Nicollette S. , Menegaz Rachel , Jashashvili Tea , Hill Ethan C. , Edgar Heather J. H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesWith the increased use of 3D‐generated images in biological research, there is a critical need to adapt classical anatomical measurements, traditionally conducted with calipers, to a virtual environment. We present detailed protocols for measuring bicondylar length, a critical dimension of the femur, using three different imaging software programs—3D Slicer™, Amira™, and Simpleware™. These protocols provide researchers and practitioners in radiology, orthopedics, biomechanics, and biological anthropology with accurate and reproducible measurement techniques. The objective is to standardize and support virtual osteology in biomechanical research, stature estimation, and related medical and anthropological studies.Materials and MethodsAdhering to standardized protocols, we adapted femoral bicondylar length measurements for computed tomography images from a New Mexican collection (n = 10). The method was designed for applicability and reproducibility across three software platforms. By comparing measurements from the same sample across different observers and different platforms, this study validates the accuracy and consistency of the adapted protocol, demonstrating its utility for research and clinical assessments.ResultsWe present a step‐by‐step guide for each program, detailing bone alignment and measurement. We illustrate each step and provide video tutorials via links for an enhanced understanding of the process.DiscussionBicondylar length can be measured effectively in each software program following the provided instructions. However, ease of measurement varied among the programs, with some offering a more straightforward process. This variability underscores the importance of choosing appropriate software for the user's needs and proficiency. It also suggests areas for improvement and standardization in software design and instructional clarity.
Von Ionen zu Kristallen: Neue Einblicke die nicht‐klassische Keimbildung von Calciumsulfat
Authors: Kellermeier Matthias , Scheck Johanna , Drechsler Markus , Rosenberg Rose , Stawski Tomasz M. , Fernandez‐Martinez Alejandro , Gebauer Denis , Van Driessche Alexander E. S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDie frühen Stadien der Mineralisierung stehen aufgrund ihrer inhärenten Bedeutung für Prozesse in natürlicher Umgebung sowie in technischen Anwendungen weiterhin im Fokus intensiver Forschung. Obwohl bereits viele wertvolle Beobachtungen für einzelne Schritte in den verschiedenen Phasen eines Kristallisationsvorgangs berichtet wurden, blieben wesentliche Fragen zumeist unbeantwortet aufgrund der Komplexität der zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen und des transienten Charakters der beteiligten Vor‐ und Zwischenstufen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit geben wir einen detaillierten Überblick zur Keimbildung von Calciumsulfat (einem Mineral mit großer Bedeutung für die Bauindustrie) in wässrigen Systemen bei Umgebungsbedingungen. Als experimentelle Grundlage wurde ein Titrationsverfahren mit gleichzeitiger potentiometrischer, turbidimetrischer und konduktometrischer Detektion entwickelt, um die Assoziation von Ionen in Lösung und die Bildung von Vorläuferstrukturen bei kontinuierlich ansteigender nomineller Übersättigung quantitativ verfolgen zu können. Die Eigenschaften dieser Präkursoren und ihre zeitliche Entwicklung vor und während der Nukleation wurden in situ mittels Kleinwinkel‐Röntgenstreuung (SAXS) und analytischer Ultrazentrifugation (AUC) aufgeklärt. Zusätzlich wurde Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie unter kryogenen Bedingungen (Kryo‐TEM) als bildgebendes Verfahren genutzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, wie sich Ionen zu nanometrischen Primärspezies verbinden, die anschließend aggregieren und durch intrinsische strukturelle Reorganisation eine anisotrope Ordnung entwickeln. Unsere Beobachtungen stellen das gängige Bild von grundlegenden Begriffen wie der Keimbildungsbarriere oder der Bedeutung der Übersättigung in Frage. Daraus ergeben sich weitreichende Auswirkungen auf unser Verständnis von Kristallisationsphänomenen im Allgemeinen und der Bildung von Calciumsulfat in geochemischen und angewandten Systemen im Besonderen.
Synthesis of Low‐Molecular‐Weight Fucoidan Analogue and Its Inhibitory Activities against Heparanase and SARS‐CoV‐2 Infection
Authors: Sugimoto Aoi , Koike Tatsuki , Kuboki Yuya , Komaba Sumika , Kosono Shuhei , Aswathy Maniyamma , Anzai Itsuki , Watanabe Tokiko , Toshima Kazunobu , Takahashi Daisuke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHeparan sulfate (HS) is ubiquitous on cell surfaces and is used as a receptor by many viruses including SARS‐CoV‐2. However, increased activity of the inflammatory enzyme heparanase (HPSE), which hydrolyses HS, in patients with COVID‐19 not only increases the severity of symptoms but also may facilitate the spread of the virus by degrading HS on the cell surface. Therefore, synthetic HPSE blockades, which can bind to SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein (SARS‐CoV‐2‐S) and inhibit viral entry, have attracted much attention. This study investigated the development of a new dual‐targeting antiviral agent against HPSE and SARS‐CoV‐2‐S using fucoidan as a structural motif. It was found that all‐sulfated fucoidan derivative 10, which exhibited the highest binding affinity to SARS‐CoV‐2‐S among 13 derivatives, also showed the highest inhibitory activity against HPSE. Based on this, a newly designed and synthesized fucoidan analogue 16, in which the octyl group of 10 was changed to a cholestanyl group, was found to show approximately 3 times higher activity than 10 but did not inhibit factor Xa associated with undesired anticoagulant effects. The binding affinity of 16 to SARS‐CoV‐2‐S was significantly increased approximately 400‐fold over that of 10. The binding of 16 to SARS‐CoV‐2‐S inhibited the binding between SARS‐CoV‐2‐S and heparin and between SARS‐CoV‐2‐S and ACE2. Furthermore, 16 effectively inhibited infection by the SARS‐CoV‐2 Wuhan strain and two Omicron subvariants.
Magneto‐Chiral Dichroism of Chiral Lanthanide Complexes in the Context of Richardson's Theory of Optical Activity
Authors: Cahya Adi Langit , Willis Oliver G. , Gabbani Alessio , Rikken Geert L. J. A. , Di Bari Lorenzo , Train Cyrille , Pineider Francesco , Zinna Francesco , Atzori Matteo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHere we report on the Magneto‐Chiral Dichroism (MChD) detected through visible and near‐infrared light absorption of two enantiomeric pairs of ErIII and TmIII chiral complexes featuring a propeller‐like molecular structure. The magnetic properties show typical features of isolated paramagnetic ions associated with 4I15/2 and 3H6 ground state terms. MChD spectroscopy shows high gMChD dissymmetry factors of ca. 0.12 T−1 and 0.05 T−1 (T=4.0 K and B=1.0 T) for ErIII and TmIII, respectively, associated with the magnetic‐dipole allowed 4I13/2 ← 4I15/2 and 3H5 ← 3H6 transitions. MChD signals of the two complexes were detected up to room temperature and under magnetic fields up to 5.0 T. For the first time, the MChD results are discussed in the context of the Richardson theory of lanthanide optical activity and provide clear indications on the strongest MChD‐active electronic transitions of lanthanide complexes.
In situ Überwachung photokatalytischer Prozesse mit polymeren Kohlenstoffnitrid‐Dünnschichtfilmen
Authors: Dauth Bastian , Giusto Paolo , König Burkhard , Gschwind Ruth M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolymere Kohlenstoffnitridmaterialien sind aufgrund ihrer Anregung mit sichtbarem Licht zunehmend in den Mittelpunkt der heterogenen Photokatalyse gerückt. In dieser Arbeit berichten wir über die Verwendung von Kohlenstoffnitrid beschichteten NMR‐Röhrchen in Kombination mit in situ Beleuchtung, die zur detaillierten Aufklärung photokatalytischer Reaktionsprozesse beitragen. Zunächst verwenden wir die mit Kohlenstoffnitrid beschichteten Crimp‐Vials als Photoreaktoren für die photokatalytische Fluorierung unaktivierter C(sp3)−H Bindungen mit sichtbarem Licht, die jeweils mäßige bis ausgezeichnete Ausbeuten liefern und über mehrere Zyklen wiederverwendet werden können. Zudem wurden Kohlenstoffnitrid‐beschichtete NMR‐Röhrchen als Photoreaktor verwendet, indem sie mit einer optischen Glasfaser gekoppelt und direkt im Inneren des Spektrometers bestrahlt werden. Diese Methode ermöglicht es, Reaktionen mittels in situ NMR‐Spektroskopie zu detektieren und reaktive Intermediate nachzuweisen, die in konventionellen Analysemethoden schwer nachzuweisen sind. Dieses Konzept bietet erhebliche Vorteile für die Untersuchung komplexer photokatalytischer Mechanismen und erspart den Einsatz zusätzlicher Analysemethoden für den Nachweis reaktiver Intermediate.
Planar Chiral Charge‐Transfer Cyclophanes: Convenient Synthesis, Circularly Polarized Light‐Responsive Photothermal Conversion and Supramolecular Chiral Assembly
Authors: Wang Zhengyan , Liu Yiping , Quan Xiuni , Zhang Wenxuan , Tan Renjun , Gu Hao , Sheng Chunqi , Duan Chunbo , Xing Pengyao , Wan Jun‐Hua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe report herein a series of macrocycles in which the densely π‐stacked charge‐transfer (CT) donor/acceptor with naphthalenediimides (NDIs) or perylene diimide (PDI) as acceptor moiety pairing various donor moieties are locked by covalent bond. The X‐ray crystallography of C8BDT‐NDI reveals a short intramolecular π‐stacking distance around 3.4 Å and the existence of intermolecular donor/acceptor π‐stacking (3.7 Å). The intramolecular CT is highly dependent on the electron‐donating ability of donor moiety and replacing carbazole (C8KZ) with benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (C8BDT) or dihydroindolo[3,2‐b]indole (C8DN) redshift CT absorption into NIR region. Notably, both C8BDT‐NDI and C8DN‐NDI demonstrate excellent photothermal performance, which is a result of the active non‐radiative pathways. Interestingly, the different molecular symmetry between donor and acceptor moiety in cyclophanes endow C8BDT‐NDI and C8DN‐NDI with intrinsic planar chirality. The enantiomeric C8BDT‐NDI shows chiral selectivity for incident light, i.e., when irradiated by left‐circularly polarized light, (R)‐C8BDT‐NDI is more sensitive and a higher maximum stable temperature is achieved. While, enantiomeric C8DN‐NDI pack with different orientations forming M‐ and P‐handedness helix, respectively, demonstrating molecular planar chirality being transferred and amplified through molecular assembly. These results provide insight into the intramolecular charge transfer in enforced D/A π‐stacks in which CT interactions and planar chirality would be engineered through structural control.
Engineering Spacer Conjugation for Efficient and Stable 2D/3D Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Zhang Jinping , Chu Liangli , Liu Tianjun , Tian Bingkun , Chu Weicun , Sun Xiangnan , Nie Riming , Zhang Wei , Zhang Zhuhua , Zhao Xiaoming , Guo Wanlin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIncorporating two‐dimensional (2D) perovskite in 3D perovskite absorber holds great potential to improve the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the bulky‐cation‐based 2D structures often exhibit poor charge transport and are prone to formation of charge‐extraction barrier that impedes efficient device operation. We address these issues by introducing aromatic spacers with molecular conjugation into 2D perovskites locating between 3D perovskites and electron charge transport layers. Among our tested aromatic spacers, the pyrenylbutanamine (PyBA) spacer was shown to endow 2D perovskites with superior charge transport properties and efficient charge extraction from the bulk perovskite in 2D/3D PSCs, due to the highest degree of conjugation. As a result, we achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 25.3 % in a 0.16‐cm2 single cell and 21.0 % in a 24.8‐cm2 module. Moreover, the incorporated PyBA substantially raised the resistance of 2D/3D PSCs against moisture and ion migration, resulting in enhanced environmental, thermal, and operational stability. Notably, the PyBA‐based devices retained over 90 % of their initial PCE after 2000 hours at 25 °C and 80 % relative humidity, or 1000 hours at 85 °C and 85 % humidity, or 3000 hours of operation under continuous 1‐Sun illumination at 40 °C, showcasing their exceptionally high stability compared to previously reported 2D/3D PSCs.