bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression, young age, chronic marijuana use, and interepisodic symptoms predict psychological distress in patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome
Authors: Taranukha Tatyana , Charan Suresh Kumar Vishnu , Seamon Alex , Sahr Natasha , Szabo Aniko , Venkatesan Thangam 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundCyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) is often triggered by stress. Patients report high degrees of psychological distress due to CVS, but there is limited data on factors associated with psychological distress. We sought to determine the degree of psychological distress and its correlation with clinical characteristics in CVS.MethodsThe Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), a validated tool to determine psychological distress, was administered prospectively to patients. The control population consisted of 719 normal subjects. Student's t test was used to compare means, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of a GSI score ≥63, indicating high degrees of psychological distress. Scores for the regression predictors were calculated using the maximum likelihood estimate for the logistic regression model and was called the DAME score (depression, age 25‐35, chronic marijuana use, and interepisodic GI symptoms).Key ResultsOf 87 patients, 60% were female, 92% were caucasian, and mean age was 37 years. Forty‐one percent of patients had high degrees of psychological distress with the highest scores for somatization. Independent predictors of psychological distress included depression, young age (25‐35 years), chronic marijuana use, and interepisodic dyspepsia (called the DAME score). A score of ≥7 accurately predicted psychological distress in >88% of patients.Conclusions & InferencesPsychological distress is common in CVS and can be predicted accurately using our proposed DAME score. Whether psychological distress is a cause or an effect of CVS needs to be determined. Addressing psychological distress can potentially improve overall healthcare outcomes in CVS.
Root type and soil phosphate determine the taxonomic landscape of colonizing fungi and the transcriptome of field‐grown maize roots
Authors: Yu Peng , Wang Chao , Baldauf Jutta A. , Tai Huanhuan , Gutjahr Caroline , Hochholdinger Frank , Li Chunjian 
Published: November 2017

Summary

Different root types of plants are colonized by a myriad of soil microorganisms, including fungi, which influence plant health and performance. The distinct functional and metabolic characteristics of these root types may influence root type‐inhabiting fungal communities.

We performed internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA profiling to determine the composition of fungal communities in field‐grown axial and lateral roots of maize (Zea mays) and in response to two different soil phosphate (P) regimes. In parallel, these root types were subjected to transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq).

We demonstrated that fungal communities were influenced by soil P levels in a manner specific to root types. Moreover, maize transcriptome sequencing revealed root type‐specific shifts in cell wall metabolism and defense gene expression in response to high P. Furthermore, lateral roots specifically accumulated defense‐related transcripts at high P levels. This observation was correlated with a shift in fungal community composition, including a reduction in colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, as observed in ITS sequence data and microscopic evaluation of root colonization.

Our findings suggest soil nutrient‐dependent changes in functional niches within root systems and provide new insights into the interaction of individual root types with soil microbiota.
The association between burning mouth syndrome and sleep disturbance: A case–control multicentre study
Authors: Adamo D , Sardella A , Varoni E , Lajolo C , Biasotto M , Ottaviani G , Vescovi P , Simonazzi T , Pentenero M , Ardore M , Spadari F , Bombeccari G , Montebugnoli L , Gissi DB , Campisi G , Panzarella V , Carbone M , Valpreda L , Giuliani M , Aria M , Lo Muzio L , Mignogna MD 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the quality of sleep and the psychological profiles of a large cohort of Italian patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to clarify the relationships between these variables and pain.MethodsIn this case–control study, 200 patients with BMS vs an equal number of age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls, recruited in 10 universities, were enrolled. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM‐D), Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM‐A), Numeric Pain Intensity Scale (NRS) and Total Pain Rating Index (T‐PRI) were administered. Descriptive statistics, including the Mann–Whitney U test and hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, were used.ResultsPoor sleep quality (PSQI ≥ 5) was present in 78.8% (160) patients with BMS. BMS patients had statistically higher scores in all items of the PSQI and ESS than the healthy controls (p < .001). A depressed mood and anxiety correlated positively with sleep disturbance. The Pearson correlations were 0.570 for the PSQI vs HAM‐D (p < .001) and 0.549 for the PSQI vs HAM‐A (p < .001). Pain intensity (NRS) poorly correlated to sleep quality; the Pearson correlation was 0.162 for the PSQI vs NRS (p = .021).ConclusionsThe BMS patients showed a poor sleep quality, anxiety and depression, as compared with the controls, highlighting the relationships between oral burning, sleep and mood.
Patient understanding of disease and the use and outcome of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Baskar Shankar , Jefferies John L. , Salberg Lisa , Khoury Philip R. , Spar David S. , Knilans Timothy K. , Czosek Richard J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in young individuals. Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) are the primary therapy for sudden death prevention; however, are associated with both physical and psychological complications. We sought to determine factors associated with ICD understanding and patient satisfaction. This was a cross‐sectional study, using patient/parent answered questionnaires distributed to patients enrolled in the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Association. Patient characteristics and satisfaction data were obtained via questionnaire. Patients were compared based on age at diagnosis and presence of ICD. ICD patients with high satisfaction were compared to those with low satisfaction to determine factors associated with poor satisfaction. A total of 538 responses were obtained (53 ± 16 years); 46% were females. Seventy patients (13%) were diagnosed with HCM < 18 years of age and 356 (66%) had an ICD. Compared to those without an ICD, patients with ICDs were younger at age of diagnosis (P = 0.001) and time of study (P = 0.008). Patients with ICDs were more likely to have presented with syncope and have family history of ICD, SCD, or HCM‐related death. Nineteen patients (5%) felt that issues surrounding their ICD outweighed its benefit. Compared to patients with a favorable satisfaction, the only significant difference was the preimplant ICD discussion (P < 0.001) and history of lead replacement (P = 0.01). In conclusion, the majority of HCM patients with ICDs are satisfied with their ICD management and feel the benefits of ICDs outweigh issues associated with ICDs. Additionally, these data highlight the importance of the preimplant patient‐physician discussion around the need for ICD prior to implantation.
Palaeobiogeographical distribution of Orbiculoidea (Brachiopoda, Discinoidea) responding to global climatic and geographical changes during the Palaeozoic
Authors: Zhang Yang , Lee Sangmin , Wu Hui‐Ting , He Wei‐Hong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Palaeozoic Era is a particularly interesting period of Earth history, as it includes the formation and northward movement of a supercontinent (Pangea), dramatic climatic changes and global biotic catastrophes. Here, we analyse the palaeobiogeographical distribution of the discinid brachiopod genus Orbiculoidea and discuss its distributional patterns in light of the environmental changes that occurred throughout the Palaeozoic and the Triassic. Our results indicate that the distribution of the genus seems to have been controlled mainly by the palaeogeographical framework and by global climate change. Importantly, its spatial pattern appears to directly respond both to the formation and northward movement of Pangea and to global temperature fluctuations during the Palaeozoic. In conjunction with these two global parameters, it is likely that the distribution of Orbiculoidea was also affected by regional factors, including the presence of oceanic upwelling as well as the development and demise of continental shelves and seaways.
Association of programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expression with treatment outcomes in patients with BRAF mutation‐positive melanoma treated with vemurafenib or cobimetinib combined with vemurafenib
Authors: Wongchenko Matthew J. , Ribas Antoni , Dréno Brigitte , Ascierto Paolo A. , McArthur Grant A. , Gallo Jorge D. , Rooney Isabelle A. , Hsu Jessie , Koeppen Hartmut , Yan Yibing , Larkin James 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe prognostic significance of programmed death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) on treatment outcomes in patients receiving BRAF with or without MEK inhibitors is not well understood. This retrospective exploratory analysis evaluated the association of tumour PD‐L1 expression with progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) among 210 patients in the coBRIM trial treated with cobimetinib plus vemurafenib or placebo plus vemurafenib. In the vemurafenib cohort, there was a trend of increased PFS and OS in those with PD‐L1+ melanoma, with hazard ratios (HRs; PD‐L1+ vs. PD‐L1−) of 0.70 (95% CI, 0.46–1.07) and 0.69 (95% CI, 0.42–1.13) for PFS and OS, respectively. However, in patients treated with cobimetinib plus vemurafenib, a similar trend was not observed with HRs (PD‐L1+ versus PD‐L1−) of 1.04 (95% CI, 0.66–1.68) and 0.94 (95% CI, 0.57–1.57) for PFS and OS, respectively. The combination cobimetinib plus vemurafenib appears to overcome the poor prognosis associated with low PD‐L1 expression.
Melanoma in patients with GATA2 deficiency
Authors: Nguyen Jannett , Alexander Tiffany , Jiang Hong , Hill Natasha , Abdullaev Zied , Pack Svetlana D. , Hsu Amy P. , Holland Steven M. , Hickstein Dennis D. , Engels Eric A. , Brownell Isaac 
Published: November 2017

SummaryGATA2 deficiency is a recently described genetic disorder affecting hematopoietic stem cells and is associated with immunodeficiency, hematologic malignancy, and various cutaneous pathologies including cutaneous tumors. To explore the incidence and clinical course of melanoma in patients with germline GATA2 deficiencies, we conducted a retrospective chart review of 71 such patients and identified two with invasive melanoma. One melanoma was diagnosed early because it was associated with pruritus due to a graft‐versus‐tumor effect following bone marrow transplantation. The other one, a lentigo maligna melanoma, was locally excised but progressed to widespread metastasis and death several years later. Our observations and published studies of melanoma biology suggest an association between decreased GATA2 expression and melanoma progression. These findings suggest that GATA2 deficient patients may have an increased risk of melanoma and should be observed closely for new or changing skin lesions.
Assessing multitemporal water‐level changes with uav‐based photogrammetry
Authors: Kohv Marko , Sepp Edgar , Vammus Lii 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and structure‐from‐motion (SfM) methodology allow very high resolution surface reconstruction. This fairly low‐cost and time‐saving method is used for northern bog hydrology characterisation. The primary interest of this study lies in seasonally changing bog pool water levels. The study site is located in a potential conflict zone where water extraction from an underground oil shale mine threatens protected wetlands. The study involves two test areas that were surveyed three times, allowing spatio‐temporal quantification of seasonal changes of the bog surface. Aerial lidar data and manual measurements were used to assess the quality of SfM surfaces and discrepancies between the different methods were analysed. Overall, there is a good fit between the methods used, validating the use of SfM methodology in a natural wetland environment. This study demonstrates that the nearby mine is influencing the seasonal water‐level fluctuations of the protected wetland.
Assessing the geographic dichotomy hypothesis with cacti in South America
Authors: Arzabe A. A. , Aguirre L. F. , Baldelomar M. P. , Molina‐Montenegro M. A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The Cactaceae is one of the most conspicuous and ecologically important plant families in the world. Its species may have specialist or generalist pollination systems that show geographic patterns, which are synthesised in the Geographic Dichotomy Hypothesis.

Here, we assess this hypothesis in five countries in both tropical and extratropical regions, evaluating the pollinator visitation rate and pollinator identity and abundance. We calculate the Shannon diversity index (H′) and evenness (J) and evaluate differences between latitude parameters with a Student t‐test.

Overall, we found more specialised pollination systems in all tropical sites; the richness, diversity and evenness of pollinators was reduced in comparison to extratropical regions, where the pollination system was generalised.

Our results support the geographic dichotomy hypothesis in the cacti of South America, suggesting that environmental factors underlying the latitudinal patterns can help to explain differences in the pollination syndrome between tropical and extratropical regions.
Molecular identification and prevalence ofAcidovorax avenaesubsp.avenaecausing red stripe of sugarcane in China
Authors: Li X.‐Y. , Sun H.‐D. , Rott P. C. , Wang J.‐D. , Huang M.‐T. , Zhang Q.‐Q. , Gao S.‐J. 
Published: November 2017

Red stripe caused by the bacteriumAcidovorax avenaesubsp.avenae(Aaa) is a disease of sugarcane that is distributed worldwide. In this study, 108 sugarcane leaf samples were collected in 2013–2016 from nine sugarcane‐growing regions in China. Aaa was detected byPCRwith specific and novel primers from the 16S–23SrDNAinternal transcribed spacer region in 81 of 84 (96%) leaves with red stripe symptoms and in 20 of 24 (83%) leaves without symptoms. Furthermore, Aaa was detected in all nine sampling locations representing six sugarcane‐producing provinces in China. The 101 amplified fragments were cloned and sequenced. The size of the nucleotide sequences varied from 436 to 454 bp and the sequence identity ranged from 89.2% to 100%, suggesting a significant genetic variation among Aaa strains from China. Five major restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles were obtained byin silicoand polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analyses of thePCRproducts digested withHindIIIandEcoRI. The causal agent of sugarcane red stripe was also successfully isolated from a diseased plant and its pathogenicity confirmed by inoculation of healthy sugarcane plantlets and reproduction of disease symptoms. The data showed that Aaa is currently widespread in China, suggesting that control methods should be implemented to limit the impact of red stripe on sugarcane production.
Genetic diversity of Phytophthora pluvialis, a pathogen of conifers, in New Zealand and the west coast of the United States of America
Authors: Brar S. , Tabima J. F. , McDougal R. L. , Dupont P.‐Y. , Feau N. , Hamelin R. C. , Panda P. , LeBoldus J. M. , Grünwald N. J. , Hansen E. M. , Bradshaw R. E. , Williams N. M. 
Published: November 2017

Phytophthora pluvialis is the causal agent of red needle cast on Pinus radiata in New Zealand. It was first isolated in 2008 but had previously been recovered from tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) and Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees in Oregon, USA in 2002. Phytophthora pluvialis was subsequently described as a new species in 2013 and classified as a clade III Phytophthora species. The aim of this study was to gain a better understanding of the genetic diversity, population structure and origin of this pathogen. A total of 360 P. pluvialis isolates were collected from the USA and New Zealand. The genome sequences of two P. pluvialis isolates were used to identify 27 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers that were then used to genotype the two populations. The genotypic data showed that the USA population of P. pluvialis had twice the genetic diversity and a greater number of multilocus genotypes (MLGs) compared to the New Zealand population, with 126 and 24 MLGs, respectively. The majority of the subpopulations within the USA and New Zealand showed linkage disequilibrium. All subpopulations had a negative fixation index, indicating that clonal reproduction is prevalent in both countries. A minimum spanning network (MSN) showed two unique clusters of isolates in the New Zealand population, suggesting two potential introductions of P. pluvialis into New Zealand from the USA. There was no significant structure within the New Zealand or USA populations. This study provides novel insight into the genetic structure of P. pluvialis in New Zealand and the USA.
Symbolic Boundary Making in Super‐Diverse Deprived Neighbourhoods
Authors: Albeda Ympkje , Tersteeg Anouk , Oosterlynck Stijn , Verschraegen Gert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNeighbourhood‐based research on the rise of super‐diverse cities has mostly focused on the implications of living in super‐diverse neighbourhoods for individual relations, and paid little attention to processes of group formation. This paper focuses on how residents of super‐diverse neighbourhoods identify social groups. Drawing on the concept of symbolic boundary making, it provides insights into how residents draw, enact and experience boundaries. Using the results of in‐depth interviews with residents in Antwerp and Rotterdam, we show that super‐diversity complexifies but does not counteract group formation. Residents draw multiple, interrelated symbolic boundaries along ethnic, class and religious lines and lines based on length of residence, which are sometimes used interchangeably. We also show that group boundaries are dynamic and constantly (re‐)created. Finally, we show that discursive boundaries do not necessarily lead to less social contact across these boundaries, thus illustrating that symbolic boundaries do not always result in segregated social patterns.
An unexpected but underestimated case of disseminated toxoplasmosis
Authors: Chan Tiffany , Shannon Patrick T. , Detsky Michael E. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous intracellular parasite that can cause disseminated infection following reactivation in immunocompromised hosts. We describe a 58‐year‐old man who died of refractory shock because of disseminated toxoplasmosis. The diagnosis was only made postmortem on autopsy. We discuss the importance of considering toxoplasmosis on the differential diagnosis in high‐risk patients, and review the role of screening and chemoprophylaxis in preventing infection.
Alternative polyadenylation is involved in auxin‐based plant growth and development
Authors: Hong Liwei , Ye Congting , Lin Juncheng , Fu Haihui , Wu Xiaohui , Li Qingshun Q. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAuxin is widely involved in plant growth and development. However, the molecular mechanism on how auxin carries out this work is unclear. In particular, the effect of auxin on pre‐mRNA post‐transcriptional regulation is mostly unknown. By using a poly(A) tag (PAT) sequencing approach, mRNA alternative polyadenylation (APA) profiles after auxin treatment were revealed. We showed that hundreds of poly(A) site clusters (PACs) are affected by auxin at the transcriptome level, where auxin reduces PAC distribution in 5′‐untranslated region (UTR), but increases in the 3′UTR. APA site usage frequencies of 42 genes were switched by auxin, suggesting that auxin affects the choice of poly(A) sites. Furthermore, poly(A) signal selection was altered after auxin treatment. For example, a mutant of poly(A) signal binding protein CPSF30 showed altered sensitivity to auxin treatment, indicating interactions between auxin and the poly(A) signal recognition machinery. We also found that auxin activity on lateral root development is likely mediated by altered expression of ARF7, ARF19 and IAA14 through poly(A) site switches. Our results shed light on the molecular mechanisms of auxin responses relative to its interactions with mRNA polyadenylation.
World languages, world Englishes and local identities
Authors: YOUNG RICHARD F. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTIdentity is a concept that has been defined in many ways and scholars have built theories of identity to explain persons’ and people's sense of the term. In this article, I compare and contrast theories developed in applied linguistics, social psychology, anthropology and communication sciences and conclude that each is grounded on the particularity of a social context. To expand the particular contexts studied by identity theorists, I consider the varied responses of individuals and groups to the influence of a hegemonic language. Although contact by speakers of a local language with a hegemonic language is sometimes seen as endangering the local language and threatening speakers’ identities, I reject that as a pessimistic oversimplification. The studies I review of persons in contact with hegemonic languages provide new insights into how personal identities are contested and creatively constructed.
Oxidative stress does not influence local sweat rate during high‐intensity exercise
Authors: Meade Robert D. , Fujii Naoto , Poirier Martin P. , Boulay Pierre , Sigal Ronald J. , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: November 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
We evaluated whether oxidative stress attenuates the contribution of nitric oxide to sweating during high‐intensity exercise.

What is the main finding and its importance?
In contrast to our previous report of an oxidative stress‐mediated reduction in nitric oxide‐dependent cutaneous vasodilatation in this cohort during intense exercise, we demonstrated no influence of local ascorbate administration on the sweating response during moderate‐ (∼51% peak oxygen uptake) or high‐intensity exercise (∼72% peak oxygen uptake). These new findings provide important mechanistic insight into how exercise‐induced oxidative stress impacts sudomotor activity.

Nitric oxide (NO)‐dependent sweating is diminished during high‐ but not moderate‐intensity exercise. We evaluated whether this impairment stems from increased oxidative stress during high‐intensity exercise. On two separate days, 11 young (24 ± 4 years) men cycled in the heat (35°C) at a moderate [500 W; 52 ± 6% peak oxygen uptake ()] or high (700 W; 71 ± 5% ) rate of metabolic heat production. Each session included two 30 min exercise bouts separated by a 20 min recovery period. Local sweat rate was monitored at four forearm skin sites continuously perfused via intradermal microdialysis with the following: (i) lactated Ringer solution (Control); (ii) 10 mm ascorbate (Ascorbate; non‐selective antioxidant); (iii) 10 mm NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (l‐NAME; NO synthase inhibitor); or (iv) 10 mm ascorbate plus 10 mm l‐NAME (Ascorbate + l‐NAME). During moderate exercise, sweat rate was attenuated at the l‐NAME and Ascorbate + l‐NAME sites (both ∼1.0 mg min−1 cm−2; all P < 0.05) but not at the Ascorbate site (∼1.1 mg min−1 cm−2; both P ≥ 0.28) in comparison to the Control site (∼1.1 mg min−1 cm−2). However, no differences were observed between treatment sites (∼1.4 mg min−1 cm−2; P = 0.75) during high‐intensity exercise. We conclude that diminished NO‐dependent sweating during intense exercise occurs independent of oxidative stress.