bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a novel light‐curable material on odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells
Authors: Lee B.‐N. , Lee B.‐G. , Chang H.‐S. , Hwang Y.‐C. , Hwang I.‐N. , Oh W.‐M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimTo assess the biological effects, including odontoblastic differentiation of a novel light‐curable material (TheraCal), on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs).MethodologyThe hDPCs were isolated from freshly extracted, caries‐free third molars. Ten discs of TheraCal and MTA (8 mm in diameter and 3 mm in height) were incubated in α‐minimum essential medium (α‐MEM) and the supernatant collected. Viability of hDPCs in response to TheraCal and MTA was measured using the WST‐1 assay. RT‐PCR and real‐time PCR were used to detect the gene expression of dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and dentine matrix protein‐1 (DMP‐1). ALP staining and Alizarin red S staining were used to evaluate the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and mineralization behaviour. One‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used to determine the statistically significant differences as a result of the variation in test materials (P < 0.05).ResultsThe effects of TheraCal and MTA on cell viability were similar except at the highest concentration. The mRNA level of DSPP increased significantly in the MTA group relative to the control at day 1 and 3 (P < 0.05). Also, the mRNA level of DSPP increased significantly in the TheraCal group relative to the control at day 3 (P < 0.05). The increased mRNA level of DMP‐1 was 2.5‐fold and 2.3‐fold each in the MTA and TheraCal groups relative to the control (P < 0.05). Cells exposed to MTA exhibited a 1.4‐fold increase of ALP staining relative to control (P < 0.05). In the mineralization assay, increased calcium nodule formation was twofold and 1.3‐fold each in the MTA and TheraCal groups compared to the control (P < 0.05).ConclusionsTheraCal and MTA had the ability to induce odontoblastic differentiation and mineralization of hDPCs.
Effect of laser‐activated irrigation on biofilms in artificial root canals
Authors: De Meyer S. , Meire M. A. , Coenye T. , De Moor R. J. G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimTo evaluate the antimicrobial effect of laser‐activated irrigation (LAI) on biofilms formed in simulated root canals.MethodologyA dual‐species biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans was grown in a resin root canal model. Biofilms were formed over 48 h and subsequently subjected to the following treatments, all executed for 20 s: syringe irrigation (SI) with a 27G needle, ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI) with a size 20 Irrisafe file, and LAI with a 2940 nm Er:YAG laser (20 Hz, 50 μs, 20 or 40 mJ, conical fibre tip at two positions). Tests were performed with both sterile saline as well as NaOCl (2.5%) as the irrigant. Surviving bacteria were harvested and the number of CFU was determined by plate counting and compared across groups (anova, P ≤ 0.05).ResultsUsing saline as the irrigant, significant reductions in viable counts compared to untreated controls were observed for ultrasonically activated irrigation (0.52 log10 reduction) and for all laser‐activated irrigation groups (>1 log10 reduction), but not for syringe irrigation (<0.25 log10 reduction). The reductions in the laser‐activated irrigation groups were significantly greater than those of ultrasonically activated irrigation. With NaOCl as the irrigant, significant reductions (>2.2 log10 units) in the number of attached bacteria were observed for all treatment groups with no significant differences between laser‐activated and ultrasonically activated irrigation.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this in vitro set‐up, laser‐activated irrigation removed more biofilm than ultrasonically activated irrigation when using saline as the irrigant, indicating greater physical biofilm removal. The use of NaOCl resulted in greater biofilm reduction with no significant differences between treatment groups.
Effects of acid concentration and the UHP pretreatment on the gelatinisation of collagen and the properties of extracted gelatins
Authors: Zhang Yuhao , Ma Liang , Cai Luyun , Zhou Mengrou , Li Jianrong 
Published: March 2016

SummaryAn ultra‐high‐pressure (UHP) transmission medium with HCl was applied as a pretreatment to extract gelatin. The effects of the acid concentration (0–1% (w/v)) on the gelatinisation of collagen and the properties of gelatin were investigated. An increase in the acid concentration decreased the thermostability of collagen and increased the yield of gelatin (from 64% increased to 80%). The content of the subunit components in the pretreated collagen and the gelatin declined slightly as the acid concentration was increased, resulted in slight decrease (P > 0.05) in the gel strength (from 435 g decreased to 408 g). The analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra showed that the triple‐helical structure, secondary structures of the collagen and covalent cross‐linking in the collagenous fibres were damaged gradually as the acid concentration was increased. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that the smooth surface of collagen was partly disrupted with microvoids after UHP/1% HCl pretreatment, which may be related to the damage on the covalent cross‐linking.
Quality identification and evaluation of Pu‐erh teas of different grade levels and various ages through sensory evaluation and instrumental analysis
Authors: Gao Lin , Bian Mengxian , Mi Ruifang , Hu Xiaosong , Wu Jihong 
Published: March 2016

SummaryTo develop an objective, effective, flexible and cost‐saving method to assess Pu‐erh tea quality, Pu‐erh tea samples of different grade levels and various ages were analysed using sensory evaluation and various instrumental techniques, including chemical analysis and electronic tongue (ET). Results showed that taste profile analysis as a sensory evaluation method can meticulously describe and distinguish different Pu‐erh tea samples. Chemical analysis combined with hierarchical cluster analysis can cluster Pu‐erh ripened and raw tea both in compressed and scattered forms. However, no obvious variation tendency was observed in the chemical composition parameters of Pu‐erh tea of different grade levels or various ages. ET combined with principal components analysis (PCA) is effective in classifying Pu‐erh tea samples of different grade levels and various ages. ET followed by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) performs well in identifying Pu‐erh tea samples of various ages by establishing a discriminant model.
Preoperative Diagnosis of Juxtaglomerular Cell Tumors in Eight Patients
Authors: Kang Suhai , Chen Fang , Zhong Yan , Han Baiyu , Cheng Guanghe , Guo Aitao , Tian Yuan , Tong Xinyuan , Dou Jingtao , Ye Huiyi 
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was to improve the diagnostic efficiency for juxtaglomerular cell tumors (JCTs) and to determine whether clinical and magnetic resonance imaging features can help to differentiate JCTs from clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The clinical features of eight patients with JCTs and 27 patients with ccRCCs were analyzed. A flow diagram for young people with hypertension was applied to facilitate the diagnosis. Clinical presentations were analyzed, including age, hypertension, and hypokalemia. The results of our study produced a flow diagram that narrowed the scope of diagnosis. The statistical results demonstrated that patients with a renal mass aged 14 to 30 years, had grade 3 hypertension, or had moderate hypokalemia had a greater possibility of having a JCT than a ccRCC (P<.0000, P<.01, P<.0005, respectively). In addition, the flow diagram and magnetic resonance imaging features were useful to distinguish JCTs from other renal tumors.
Effective treatment with combination of peripheral 5‐hydroxytryptamine synthetic inhibitor and 5‐hydroxytryptamine 2 receptor antagonist on glucocorticoid‐induced whole‐body insulin resistance with hyperglycemia
Authors: Ma Shaoxin , Li Tao , Guo Keke , Li Xin , An Shanshan , Hou Shanshan , Chen Ru , Yang Bo , Liu Siyu , Fu Jihua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionOur previous study found that dexamethasone‐induced insulin resistance (IR) was involved in 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) synthesis and 5‐hydroxytryptamine 2 receptor (5‐HT2R) in the periphery. The present study examined the effects of inhibitions of both peripheral 5‐HT synthesis and 5‐HT2R on dexamethasone‐induced IR.Materials and MethodsMale rats were exposed to dexamethasone for 10 days, then treated with or without a 5‐HT2R antagonist, sarpogrelate, a 5‐HT synthetic inhibitor, carbidopa, alone or in combination for 20 days.ResultsDexamethasone‐induced whole‐body IR, with glucose intolerance, decreased insulin sensitivity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia, could be effectively abolished by sarpogrelate or/and carbidopa, whereas IR‐related actions of dexamethasone in tissues were accompanied by increased 5‐HT synthesis in the liver and visceral adipose, and upregulated 5‐HT2R (5‐HT2AR and 5‐HT2BR) expression in these two tissues as well as in skeletal muscle. Sarpogrelate or/and carbidopa treatment significantly abolished dexamethasone‐caused tissue‐specific IR. In the liver, increased gluconeogenesis, triglycerides and very low‐density lipoprotein syntheses with steatosis, and downregulated expression of plasmalemmal glucose transporter‐2 were markedly reversed. In the visceral adipose and skeletal muscle, downregulated expression of plasmalemmal glucose transporter‐4 was significantly reversed, and increased lipolysis was also reversed in the visceral adipose. Dexamethasone‐induced activations of hepatic mammalian target of rapamycin serine2448, and S6K threonine389/412 phosphorylation were also abolished markedly by sarpogrelate or/and carbidopa. Co‐treatment with sarpogrelate and carbidopa showed a synergistic effect on suppressing dexamethasone actions.ConclusionInhibitions of both peripheral 5‐HT synthesis and 5‐HT2R are expected to be a dependable target for treatment of steroid‐induced diabetes.
Investigating social functioning after early mild TBI: the quality of parent–child interactions
Authors: Lalonde Gabrielle , Bernier Annie , Beaudoin Cindy , Gravel Jocelyn , Beauchamp Miriam H. 
Published: March 2016

The young brain is particularly vulnerable to injury due to inherent physiological and developmental factors, and even mild forms of traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can sometimes result in cognitive and behavioural difficulties. Despite the high prevalence of paediatric mTBI, little is known of its impact on children's social functioning. Parent–child relationships represent the centre of young children's social environments and are therefore ideal contexts for studying the potential effects of mTBI on children's social functioning. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of parent–child interactions after mTBI using observational assessment methods and parental report. The sample included 130 children (18–60 months at recruitment) divided into three groups: children with uncomplicated mTBI (n = 47), children with orthopaedic injury (OI, n = 27), and non‐injured children (NI, n = 56). The quality of parent–child interactions was assessed 6 months post‐injury using the Mutually Responsive Orientation (MRO) scale, an observational measure which focuses on the dyadic nature of parent–child exchanges, and the Parental Stress Index questionnaire (Parent‐Child Dysfunctional Interaction (PCDI) domain). Significant differences with medium effect sizes were found between the mTBI group and the NI group on the MRO, but not between the OI group and the other two groups. PCDI scores did not differ across groups, suggesting that observational measures may be more sensitive to changes in parent–child interactions after TBI. The current findings have implications for children's post‐injury social development and highlight the importance of monitoring social outcomes even after minor head injuries.
When Empathy Matters: The Role of Sex and Empathy in Close Friendships
Authors: Ciarrochi Joseph , Parker Philip D. , Sahdra Baljinder K. , Kashdan Todd B. , Kiuru Noona , Conigrave James 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBased on prior theory and research (Ciarrochi & Heaven, 2009; Eagly & Wood, 1999), we hypothesized that the link between empathy and friendship would be moderated by sex: Girls will nominate empathic boys as friends, whereas boys will not tend to nominate empathic girls. We collected measures of empathy, friendship social support, and close friendship nominations in grade 10 across 1,970 students in 16 schools (Mage = 15.70, SD = .44; males = 993, females = 977). Multilevel models revealed that boys high in cognitive empathy attracted an average of 1.8 more girl friendship nominations than did their low empathy counterparts, whereas empathic girls did not attract a greater number of opposite‐sex friends. In addition, the more friendship nominations a boy received from either boys or girls, the more they felt supported by their friends; the number of friendship nominations received by girls, in contrast, had no effect on their felt support by friends. Regardless of the quantity of friendship nominations, empathy was linked to more supportive friendships for both males and females. These results inform a contextual understanding of the role of empathy in selecting and maintaining friendships.
Genetic isolation between coastal and fishery‐impacted, offshore bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops spp.) populations
Authors: Allen Simon J. , Bryant Kate A. , Kraus Robert H. S. , Loneragan Neil R. , Kopps Anna M. , Brown Alexander M. , Gerber Livia , Krützen Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe identification of species and population boundaries is important in both evolutionary and conservation biology. In recent years, new population genetic and computational methods for estimating population parameters and testing hypotheses in a quantitative manner have emerged. Using a Bayesian framework and a quantitative model‐testing approach, we evaluated the species status and genetic connectedness of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops spp.) populations off remote northwestern Australia, with a focus on pelagic ‘offshore’ dolphins subject to incidental capture in a trawl fishery. We analysed 71 dolphin samples from three sites beyond the 50 m depth contour (the inshore boundary of the fishery) and up to 170 km offshore, including incidentally caught and free‐ranging individuals associating with trawl vessels, and 273 dolphins sampled at 12 coastal sites inshore of the 50 m depth contour and within 10 km of the coast. Results from 19 nuclear microsatellite markers showed significant population structure between dolphins from within the fishery and coastal sites, but also among dolphins from coastal sites, identifying three coastal populations. Moreover, we found no current or historic gene flow into the offshore population in the region of the fishery, indicating a complete lack of recruitment from coastal sites. Mitochondrial DNA corroborated our findings of genetic isolation between dolphins from the offshore population and coastal sites. Most offshore individuals formed a monophyletic clade with common bottlenose dolphins (T. truncatus), while all 273 individuals sampled coastally formed a well‐supported clade of Indo‐Pacific bottlenose dolphins (T. aduncus). By including a quantitative modelling approach, our study explicitly took evolutionary processes into account for informing the conservation and management of protected species. As such, it may serve as a template for other, similarly inaccessible study populations.
Redrawing the map: mtDNA provides new insight into the distribution and diversity of short‐finned pilot whales in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Van Cise Amy M. , Morin Phillip A. , Baird Robin W. , Lang Aimee R. , Robertson Kelly M. , Chivers Susan J. , Brownell Robert L. , Martien Karen K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCorrelations between morphological and genetic data provide evidence to delineate species or evolutionarily significant units, which then become the units to conserve in management plans. Here, we examine the distribution and genetic differentiation of two morphotypes of short‐finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus) in the Pacific Ocean. Mitochondrial control region sequences from 333 samples were combined with 152 previously published sequences to describe genetic variability globally and population structure in the Pacific. Although genetic variability is low, we found strong differentiation at both broad and local levels across the Pacific. Based on genetics, two types are distributed throughout the Pacific, one predominantly in the eastern Pacific and the other in the western and central Pacific. In the eastern Pacific Ocean, no correlation was found between distribution and sea surface temperature. The two types have broad latitudinal ranges, suggesting their distributions are likely driven by more complex factors, such as prey distribution, rather than sea surface temperature.
Niche heterogeneity in the bone marrow
Authors: Birbrair Alexander , Frenette Paul S. 
Published: March 2016

In adult mammals, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are defined by their abilities to self‐renew and to differentiate to form all blood cell lineages. These rare multipotent cells occupy specific locations in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment. The specific microenvironment regulating HSCs, commonly referred to as the niche, comprises multiple cell types whose exact contributions are under active investigation. Understanding cellular cross talk involving HSCs in the BM microenvironment is of fundamental importance for harnessing therapies against benign and malignant blood diseases. In this review, we summarize and evaluate recent advances in our understanding of niche heterogeneity and its influence on HSC function.
A randomized comparison of pediatric‐sized Streamlined Liner of Pharyngeal Airway™ and Laryngeal Mask Airway‐Unique™ in paralyzed children
Authors: Zhu Wenxiu , Wei Xinchuan 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundThe pediatric‐sized Streamlined Liner of Pharyngeal Airway™ (SLIPA) is a new supraglottic airway device for children.AimsThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical performance of the pediatric‐sized SLIPA with the Laryngeal Mask Airway‐Unique in paralyzed children under positive pressure‐controlled ventilation (PCV).MethodsOne hundred children, aged 2 months to 12 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I–II were enrolled and randomly allocated to the SLIPA group or the Laryngeal Mask Airway‐Unique group (50 patients in each group). The primary outcome variable was oropharyngeal leak pressure. Other outcome variables were first insertion success rate, insertion time, minor airway interventions required for successful insertion, intraoperative dislodgement, ventilatory data, and perioperative complications.ResultsThe insertion characteristics, ventilation data, and perioperative complications were comparable between the two groups. The leak pressure of the SLIPA was significantly higher than that of the Laryngeal Mask Airway‐Unique [median (IQR): 25 (22–30) cmH2O vs 21 (19–26) cmH2O, respectively; mean ± sd: 25.3 ± 4.6 cmH2O vs 22.6 ± 4.8 cmH2O, respectively; P = 0.006]. The incidence of intraoperative dislodgment was significantly lower in the SLIPA group than in the Laryngeal Mask Airway‐Unique group (0 vs 6 patients, respectively; P = 0.027).ConclusionsIn conclusion, both the SLIPA and the Laryngeal Mask Airway‐Unique can be used effectively without severe complications in paralyzed children. Additionally, the SLIPA provides a better airway seal and better intraoperative position stability than the Laryngeal Mask Airway‐Unique.
Compatibility of common drugs with acetate‐containing balanced electrolyte solutions in pediatric anesthesia
Authors: Heiderich Sebastian , Jürgens Jonas , Rudolf Daniel , Dennhardt Nils , Echtermeyer Frank , Leffler Andreas , Sümpelmann Robert , Lichtinghagen Ralf , Witt Lars 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundAcetate‐containing balanced electrolyte solutions are frequently used for fluid therapy in pediatric anesthesia, but no studies investigating the compatibility with common anesthetic drugs are available.AimTo reveal possible incompatibilities between common anesthetic drugs and the acetate‐containing balanced electrolyte solutions BS (Sterofundin ISO; B.Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany) and BS‐G1 (E148G1 Päd; Serumwerk Bernburg AG, Bernburg, Germany), with normal saline (NS) as control.MethodsAll tested infusion solutions were mixed 1 : 1 with 28 common anesthetic drugs in concentrations used in daily clinical practice. Electrical conductivity, pH, and turbidimetric light diffusion at 405 nm were measured. Macroscopic changes such as gross precipitation, change in color, or bubble formation were also assessed. All measurements were performed immediately after mixing as well as 30 and 60 min after.ResultsThe vast majority of drugs showed no significant change in pH, electric conductivity, turbidimetric detectable light diffusion, or macroscopic appearance after mixing with BS, BS‐G1, and NS. Phenytoin immediately precipitated in response to all tested solutions as did diazepam. Thiopental precipitated after mixing with BS only.ConclusionsMost of the tested drugs did not show any signs or evidence of incompatibility reactions. However, phenytoin and diazepam should not be in contact with the three tested solutions, including NS. Thiopental should be used with caution because it can precipitate in solutions with a low pH (e.g., BS).
Chemotherapy‐induced B‐cell depletion in hepatoblastoma patients undergoing ABO‐incompatible living donor liver transplantation
Authors: Kanazawa Hiroyuki , Fukuda Akinari , Mali Vidyadhar Padmakar , Rahayatri Tri Hening , Hirata Yoshihiro , Sasaki Kengo , Uchida Hajime , Shigeta Takanobu , Sakamoto Seisuke , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLT from ABO‐I donors requires preconditioning regimens to prevent postoperative catastrophic AMR. NAC for HBL is known to cause myelosuppression leading to a reduction in the number and function of lymphocytes. We investigated this chemotherapy‐induced myelosuppression in HBL patients listed for LT from ABO‐I donors with reference to the kinetics of B, T cells, and anti‐ABO blood type isoagglutinin titers. Between 2005 and 2015, of the 319 patients who underwent LDLT at our institute, 12 were indicated for unresectable HBL. Three patients with unresectable HBL who underwent LDLT from ABO‐I donors are included in this study. Immunosuppression consisted of a standard regime of tacrolimus and low‐dose steroids as in ABO compatible/identical LDLT. No additional preoperative therapies for B‐cell depletion were used. Absolute lymphocyte counts, lymphocyte subsets (including CD20+ B cells, CD3+CD4+ T cells and CD3+CD8+ T cells), and anti‐ABO blood type isoagglutinin titers were measured before LDLT and postoperatively. The median age at diagnosis was 19 months (range, 3–31 months). The median follow‐up was seven months (range, 6–15 months). The median interval from the last NAC to LDLT was 33 days (range, 25–52 days). The median interval from LDLT to adjuvant chemotherapy was 28 days (range, 22–36 days). The counts of CD20+ B cells before LDLT were depleted to median 5 cells/mm3 (range, 0–6 cells/mm3). There was a transient rebound in the CD20+ B cell counts on day seven (maximum of 82 cells/mm3) followed by a decline starting at 14 days after LDLT that was sustained for the duration of adjuvant chemotherapy. Anti‐ABO blood type isoagglutinin titers were lowered to between 1:1 and 1:16 before LDLT and remained low for the duration of follow‐up in this study. All of the three patients remained in good health without either acute cellular or AMR after LDLT. The B‐cell depletion that occurs after cisplatin‐based chemotherapy for HBL may help accomplish safe ABO‐I LDLT in children without the use of additional conditioning regimens for prevention of AMR.