bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmic Disease in Twins: A Nationwide Record Linkage Study of Hospital Discharges and Free Medications for 16,067 Twin Pairs
Authors: Teikari J.M. , Kaprio J. , Koskenvuo M. , Vannas A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecord linkage of the Finnish Twin Cohort Study with the Hospital Discharge Registry and with the Registry of Rights to Free Medication kept by the Social Insurance Institution gave following numbers of twin pairs with an ophthalmic disease (one or both members of the pair had the disease) in each disease category:98 with glaucoma simplex (5 concordant pairs), 38 with capsular glaucoma (no concordant pairs), 58 with iritis (no concordant pairs) and 149 with strabismus (2 concordant pairs).The number of concordant pairs in each disease category was small, except for glaucoma simplex in which concordant pairs could be broken down by zygosity. The ratio of observed to expected (based on association by chance) was 6.96 for MZ and 1.74 for DZ pairs. This result suggests that genetic factors play some role in the variability of prevalence of simple glaucoma. Main etiologic factors are stili to be found in the environment. Data on occurrence of other diseases of ophtalmologic importance is presented.
Incidence of Double Occipital Hair Whorls in Twins and Singletons
Authors: Sharma Krishan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA sample of 122 twin pairs and 166 singletons from the urban Punjabi population of Chandigarh was studied. The observed frequency of double occipital hair whorls was higher in twins than in singletons (P < 0.01). The possible association between twinning and double occipital hair whorls is discussed.
High-Resolution Electrocardiography in Twins Affected by Situs Viscerum Specularis: Short Case Report
Authors: Campbell S. Villatico , Di Maio F. , Silvotti M.E. , Sciacca A. , Brenci G. , Gedda L. 
Published: July 2016

We previously studied a pair of MZ twins with situs viscerum inversus of the heart, liver and stomach, concordant with regard to all other factors normally utilized to diagnose zygosity [3]. We have now reexamined them after three years to evaluate the development of their cardiovascular system.Our male MZ twins, now 17 years old, have been examined with high-resolution electrocardiography (HRE), treadmill stress test with Bruce protocol, tests stressing the cardiovascular system (cold pressure test, handgript test, arithmetic mental test), and single and two-dimensional dynamic echocardiography after holter monitoring.Atriogram analysis is made possible by HRE, that shows individual morphological reproducibility. Such reproducibility is present in both twins. In the dextrocardiac twin it is also present with the electrode position inverted. The similarity of morphology in the cotwins is further confirmed, even if such similarity is only apparent, in view of the fact that the vectors are spatially of opposite orientation, thereby causing an inversion of the electrical field [1-4]. The H-V interval is normal, although in the dextrocardiac twin it is longer (30 ms) than in his cotwin (25 ms). As regards the echocardiographic and dynamic ECG examination, normal data were obtained for both twins which were pratically superposable to those obtained three years before.
Meckel-Gruber Syndrome in One of Nonidentical Twins: Short Case Report
Authors: Juabeh I.I. , Thalji A. , Dudin A. 
Published: July 2016

A male twin pair, the result of 34 weeks gestation by dates, 38 weeks by estimation, was delivered at our hospital by normal vaginal delivery on 02.01.87.The mother is a 27-year old, A,Rh+ healthy school teacher. She was married to her 33-year old, first-degree cousin in 1981. They have no family history of malformed newborns or other inherited diseases.The first pregnancy of this gravida-four mother was in 1982 and resulted in a full-term, healthy female weighing 3.5 kg. The second pregnancy was in 1984 and resulted in a 36-weeks, alive female with occipital encephalocele, who died 12 hr after birth. It is not known if this newborn had other accompanying congenital anomalies. The third pregnancy was in 1985, and the fetus was aborted at 12 weeks gestation because of anencephaly, which was diagnosed by ultrasound.The last pregnancy was followed at a private clinic without doing ultrasound. It was not complicated by any illness, drag intake, or X-ray exposure.After 34 weeks of gestation, male twins were delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery. Each one had his own placenta and umbilical cord. The first twin was a healthy male weighing 2.4 kg, with Apgar score 7/8, who was discharged home in a good general condition, and was doing well when he was seen at follow up one month later.The second twin was a male weighing 2.15 kg, and having a length of 48 cm. We was microcephalic with a head circumference of 28 cm.
Central Pockets in Dermatoglyphic Analysis: Classification, Frequency, Twin and Family Data
Authors: Vormittag W. , Weninger M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCentral pockets were defined as small, loop-enclosed whorls whose quantitative values must not exceed the third part of the quantitative value of the loop or as small, whorl-like patterns in the core of a loop having at least one curved ridge with its convexity towards the opening of the loop. Applying this classification scheme, the frequency of central pockets was found to be 17.5% in 200 males and 17.0% in 200 females, but was significantly higher in a sample of 21 male and 22 female pairs of MZ twins (33.2% and 34.1%, respectively). Twin as well as family data (94 families with 269 children) pointed to a rather weak hereditary influence upon the formation of central pockets. Rudimentary central pockets occurred in 9.5% of males and 10.0% of females. Since no common genetic basis could be established for central pockets and rudimentary central pockets, the latter should not be scored as central pockets.
Within-Pair Differences in Newborn Twins: Effects of Gender and Gestational Age on Behavior
Authors: Riese Marilyn L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe behavior of 120 full term and 160 preterm newborn twins was assessed in several key areas: Irritability, soothability, reactivity, reinforcement value, and activity level. Infants were assessed during various situations so that aggregate, or summary, scores representing each behavioral area could be obtained. Evaluations were made during a feeding period, an active sleep period, an awake alert period during which orienting and interactional behaviors were observed, a quiet period during which reactivity to stress was observed, and any fussy periods during which irritability and soothability were assessed. Significant within-twin-pair concordance of behavior was obtained for each of the areas of behavior, suggesting the influence of constitutional variables on neonatal behavior. Analysis of these data by sex resulted in significant within-pair concordance of behavior for same-sex but not for opposite-sex twins. The actual ratings on these behaviors differentiated between full term and preterm infants. Increased behavioral deviance was observed with increasing prematurity in the areas of soothability and activity level. The results are discussed in terms of increased risk factors for preterm twins.
Selective Birth in a Case of Twins Discordant for Tay Sachs Disease
Authors: Redwine F.O. , Petres R.E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe authors have performed selective birth in two twin pregnancies in the same patient. The couple's first pregnancy resulted in the birth of a male with Tay Sachs disease: their Pergonal-induced second pregnancy was a twin gestation discordant for Tay Sachs disease. A fetal intracardiac puncture, exsanguination, and fetal intracardiac air embolization were then performed. The patient went into premature labor 9 days later and delivered a normal immature infant, who died, and the macerated cotwin. The third Pergonal-induced pregnancy was a singleton with Tay Sachs disease and the pregnancy was terminated. Their fourth Pergonal-induced pregnancy was a twin gestation discordant for Tay Sachs disease. At 20 weeks gestation, fetal intracardiac air embolization was performed with immediate demise of the affected fetus. The pregnancy was followed closely with ultrasonography and coagulation studies and proceeded to term without complication. A normal female and a fetus papyraceous were delivered by cesarean section.
Case Reports of 16 Sets of Conjoined Twins from a Uganda Hospital
Authors: Zake E.Z.N. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDuring a 10-year period (1971-1980) 16 sets of conjoined twins were delivered in the author's hospital. The incidence of those twins was 1 in 4242 deliveries, 1 in 69 multiple births, and 1 in 139 congenitally malformed babies. All diagnoses were made during labour or at operation and all babies were lost. There were no maternal deaths.
Inbreeding Load in the Newborn of Hyderabad
Authors: Murty J.S. , Jamil Talat 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe population of Andhra Pradesh has been considered ideal for the study of inbreeding effects in view of its high incidence of consanguinity. Information for the present investigation was obtained from 1,091 consecutive hospital single births to study the genetic load in the newborn in terms of mortality and malformation as a consequence of inbreeding. The nature of consanguinity was examined and the frequency of uncle-niece marriages was found to be lower than in other parts of Andhra Pradesh. The mortality load in the newborn was found to be two lethal equivalents per individual, while the malformation load at birth was half the mortality load.
Sexual Variation in the Fingerprints of Australian Aborigines
Authors: Rao P.D. Prasada 
Published: July 2016

SummarySexual variation in fingerprint types and pattern size, as measured by total ridge counts, has been examined in a sample of 84 Australian aborigines and compared with other populations. As it generally happens in a population, total ridge counts have been found to be higher in males than females on account of (1) the males' higher frequency of whorls and lower frequency of loops, and (2) the males' larger whorl counts. The higher incidence of arches in females than males has also been found to play a role.
Genetic Studies of the Offspring of Identical Twins - A Model for the Analysis of Quantitative Inheritance in Man
Authors: Nance Walter E. 
Published: July 2016

In conjunction with full-sib and parental observations, half-sib analysis permits an estimation of the genetic and environmental variance as well as a partitioning of the genetic variance into its additive, dominance and epistatic components. The offspring of identical twins are a unique class of human half-sibs who provide an unusual opportunity to resolve and measure several additional potentially important sources of human variation including maternal effects, the influences of common environmental factors and assortative mating.The genetic model thus developed for the analysis of quantitative inheritance in man has been applied to the analysis of total ridge count and birth weight, confirming the existence of a major additive genetic effect on ridge count and a significant maternal effect on birth weight.
Heredity and Environmental Factors in the Development of Psychogenic Diseases
Authors: Schepank Heinz 
Published: July 2016

Phychoanalytic diagnostic methods and measures have been applied to 50 neurotic twins belonging to 21 MZ and to 16 same-sex and 13 opposite-sex DZ pairs. The 100 subjects consist of 64 adults and 36 children or adolescents. All 100 subjects were personally seen and psychologically examined. The mean intrapair difference of all MZ twin pairs amounts to 3.81 scaling points in a scored degree of severity of the neurosis; that of all DZ pairs to 5.00 points. The distribution of 657 neurotic symptoms in a chi-square table of the 21 MZ and 29 DZ twin pairs shows that 32.7% of the symptons are concordant in the MZ sample, but only 16.7% in the DZ sample. Hereditary influence could be shown in the manifestation of neurotic depressive symptoms, maladaptive oral and aggressive behavior, as well as in schizoid behavior deviations. Hereditary factors play a role in the formation of the neurotic character structure.Regarding the environmental pathogenic factors, subjects more heavily stressed in early childhood were found, on the whole, more severely neurotic in later life.
A Dream Come True: The Illinois Organization of Mothers of Twins Clubs
Authors: Dojutrek Jane 
Published: July 2016

The dream began when an exuberant mother of identical twin girls engaged the help of a mother of identical twin boys to assist her in contacting already formed mothers of twins clubs (MOTC) throughout the state of Illinois. Their dream and their purpose then – and the purpose of the Illinois Organization of Mothers of Twins Clubs, Inc. (IOMOTC) now — was to join together socially and educationally member clubs throughout the state of Illinois and to exchange information pertaining to the rearing, development and recognition of the individuality of twins as may be forthcoming from parents, doctors, educators and other appropriate sources. The 16 charter clubs and 2 members-at-large became organized on October 20, 1962… thus a dream came true.Today IOMOTC boasts a membership of 27 clubs and 1 member-at-Iarge for a total of 556 members and a voluntary executive board of 8 officers and 16 chairmen. All member clubs are self-governing. IOMOTC is noncommercial, nonpartisan, nonprofit and nonsectarian. Two sister clubs have the smallest membership (8 members each) and two clubs tie for the largest (48 members each). A bimonthly newsletter, Illinois State Saga, is available to all mothers of multiple births at a nominal cost. As part of their dues benefits, each member club receives copies of Saga. The second vice-president is always available to help either by mail, phone, or in person, any MOT's wishing to start a club or just wanting to join a club close to her home. Officers and chairmen are often invited to visit local clubs. This is valuable in bringing members up-to-date in the latest goings on in “state”.
The effect of potassium on the sodium requirements of growing steers with and without α-tocopherol supplementation
Authors: Morris J. G. , Gartner R. J. W. 
Published: July 2016

1. Hereford steers, housed in concreted yards and given demineralized water, were offered ad lib. a low-sodium (0.07 g Na and 4.5 g potassium/kg) basal diet of sorghum grain, urea and minerals, to which 0, 15 or 30 g K as KHCO3/kg diet had been added. Mean daily intakes of K were 26, 107 and 168 g/steer respectively.2. The steers were given daily supplements of 0, 3.25 or 6.50 g Na as NaHCO3/steer, added to the food; mean daily intakes of Na (food plus supplemental NaHCO3 minus residues) were 0.41, 3.06 and 6.26 g/steer respectively.3. Rate of gain of body-weight was positively related to the rate of Na supplementation and negatively related to the K content of the diet, but there was no interaction between Na and K contents of the diet.4. The Na: K ratios for the parotid saliva from steers not given Na supplements was 0.3, whereas steers ingesting either 3.1 or 6.3 g Na/d had Na: K ratios of about 12. Increasing the amount of K in the diet had no consistent effect on the saliva Na: K ratio. The Na: K ratios for rumen fluid reflected changes in the saliva Na: K ratio in response to Na supplements and were inversely related to the amount of K in the diet.5. The width of the adrenal zona glomerulosa from steers receiving the basal diet, without Na supplements, was significantly greater than that from steers given the Na supplements, but it was not affected by the amount of K in the diet.6. Both Na supplements and the diet containing 30 g added K/kg significantly increased the Na: K ratio of the plasma.7. The addition of 200 mg DL-α-tocopheryl acetate/steer per d to the diet had no significant effects on the growth rate of the steers.8. It was concluded that the Na requirement of steers for growth was not significantly affected by the amount of K in the diet up to 168 g/d.
The influence of food intake on portal blood flow and heat production in the digestive tract of sheep
Authors: Webster A. J. F. , Osuji P. O. , White F. , Ingram J. F. 
Published: July 2016

1. Measurements were made of portal blood flow, heat production and oxygen consumption in the digestive tract of sheep either fasted or given the following diets: chopped, dried grass; pelleted, dried grass; chopped, dried lucerne; pelleted, dried lucerne; or a pelleted baley diet.2. For sheep that had been fasted for 48 h, portal blood flow was 1.84 1/min, total visceral heat production was 62.3 kJ/kg body-weight0.75 per 24 h and aerobic heat production, estimated from oxygen consumption, was 62.1 kJ/kg body-weight0.75 per 24 h.3. Portal blood flow was markedly influenced by food intake, increasing from 1.8 1/min for starved sheep to 2.4 and 4 1/min for sheep fed at maintenance and 2.5 × maintenance levels of intake respectively. Variations in the quality and physical form of the diets had no apparent effect on portal blood flow.4. There was a curvilinear relationship between total heat production in the gut and metabolizable energy (ME) intake. The increase obtained for levels of intake below maintenance was greatest with lucerne diets, and least with pelleted, dried grass or pelleted barley diets. Above maintenance levels of intake the rate of increase in heat production, with all diets, was about 150 kJ/MJ ME intake.5. The heat of fermentation, estimated from the difference between total visceral metabolism and the aerobic metabolism of the tissues of the gut wall, was 76, 60 and 22 kJ/MJ digestible energy intake for the dried grass, lucerne and barley diets respectively.6. The contribution of fermentation heat and the aerobic metabolism of the gut to the total heat increment of feeding in sheep was assessed. It was concluded that about half the heat increment must be derived from tissues outside the digestive tract.
Estimation of available methionine and cysteine in proteins of food products by in vivo and in vitro methods
Authors: Pieniaźek Danuta , Rakowska Maria , Szkiłładziowa Wiesława , Grabarek Z. 
Published: July 2016

1. The available methionine and cysteine contents of proteins were determined by chemical methods after preliminary enzymic hydrolysis.2. The values for the available methionine and cysteine contents of pure proteins (casein and bovine serum albumin) estimated by chemical methods were similar to those for the total content determined by the method of Moore, Spackman & Stein (1958).3. Reductions of 15 and 11% respectively, when compared with unprocessed samples, were found in the available methionine contents of sweetened and unsweetened, condensed milks; of roller-dried milk and whey powders, and of mackerel sterilized at 126°, the reductions were 22, 14 and 19% respectively.4. The available cysteine content of sweetened, condensed milk was reduced by about 32%, whereas for mackerel sterilized at 115 and 126° it was reduced by 64 and 75% respectively.5. The contents of total sulphur amino acids for these food products did not differ from those for the unprocessed samples.6. Values obtained for available S amino acid contents by rat bioassay confirmed the results of the in vitro estimations.
The relationship of the age of onset of obesity to the success of its treatment in the adult
Authors: Ashwell Margaret 
Published: July 2016

1. A survey was done of 2333 men and women who claimed experience of slimming.2. Their loss of weight was determined from their maximum stated weight and their present weight. The loss of weight was calculated as the percentage of the maximum weight and was related to the stated age of onset of obesity.3. The results showed that those people in the survey who had been fat since childhood had lost just as much weight as those people who had become fat as adults.4. These results suggest that the treatment of early-onset obesity may not be an unrealistic objective.
Effects of dietary hydrochloric acid on voluntary food intake and metabolism of sheep in relation to the use of mineral acids as silage additives
Authors: L'Estrange J. L. , Mcnamara T. 
Published: July 2016

1. In Expt 1, a pelleted grass-meal diet was supplemented with hydrochloric acid, added to the grass pellets before feeding, at five levels from 0 to 628 mmol/kg dry matter (DM). Each diet was offered ad lib. for 21 d to five sheep in a 5 × 5 Latin-square design.2. Voluntary food intake decreased rectilinearly with increasing HCl supplementation (P < 0.001), to 42% of the control value for sheep on the high-HCl diet. The decrease in food intake was related both to dietary pH and to the extent of metabolic acidosis induced by the HCl treatment. Although the pH of rumen fluid decreased slightly with increasing HCl supplementation, effects of the HCl treatment on volatile fatty acid concentrations in rumen fluid were not significant (P > 0.05).3. In Expt 2, palatability and metabolic effects of dietary HCl were studied by comparing its effect when mixed into the pelleted grass meal before feeding, with and without a supplement of an equivalent amount of sodium bicarbonate given intraruminally, or when HCl was given intraruminally while the sheep consumed pelleted grass meal alone. Each of the three treatments was given at two levels of HCl, 280 and 560 mmol/kg DM. At each level of dietary HCl supplementation, the three treatments and the control diet (pelleted grass meal alone) were each given to four sheep, in a Latin-square design, for 11 d.4. At the low level of supplementation, HCl, when mixed into the pelleted grass meal, reduced food intake by 17%, this effect was not altered by NaHCO3 supplementation, but when HCl was given intraruminally food intake was not reduced. At the high level of HCl supplementation, food intake was reduced by about 40% by each method of HCl supplementation; and NaHCO3 supplementation did not appreciably alter the effect of HCl on food intake, but prevented metabolic acidosis associated with the HCl treatments. Food intakes for the low-HCl treatments were significantly higher than those for the high-HCl treatments (P < 0.01) and the level of dietary HCl×treatment interaction was also significant (P < 0.01). DM digestibility, and the pH and volatile fatty acid concentrations of rumen fluid were not significantly affected by the different treatments.5. It is concluded that at a low level of HCl supplementation the adverse effects of dietary HCl on voluntary food intake of sheep is determined by palatability associated with low dietary pH, whereas at a high level of HCl supplementation the effect is determined by palatability and by a metabolic response.