bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On oscillation of nonlinear delay differential equations
Authors: Kulenović M. R. S. , Ladas G. , Meimaridou A. 
Published: December 2016

Necessary, sufficient, and necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for all solutions of the nonlinear differential equation
\[

d
y

d
t

+

∑

j
=
1

n

q
j

f

(

y

(

t
−

τ
j

)

)

=
0
,

t
≥
0
,

(
∗
)

\frac {{dy}}{{dt}} + \sum \limits _{j = 1}^n {{q_j}f\left ( {y\left ( {t - {\tau _j}} \right )} \right ) = 0,\qquad t \ge 0,} \qquad \left ( * \right )

\]
to be oscillatory. These conditions are expressed in terms of the characteristic equation of the corresponding linear “variational” equation
\[

d
y

d
t

+

∑

j
=
1

n

q
j

y

(

t
−

τ
j

)

=
0
,

t
≥
0.

(

∗
∗

)

\frac {{dy}}{{dt}} + \sum \limits _{j = 1}^n {{q_j}y\left ( {t - {\tau _j}} \right ) = 0, \qquad t \ge 0. \qquad \left ( { * * } \right )}

\]
Our results show that for a certain class of nonlinear functions

f
,

(
∗
)

f,\left ( * \right )

oscillates if and only if

(

∗
∗

)

\left ( { * * } \right )

oscillates. As an application of our results, we obtain simple sufficient and necessary and sufficient conditions for the oscillation of several nonlinear delay differential equations which appear in applications.
Supercooling and superheating effects in heterogeneous systems
Authors: Visintin A. 
Published: December 2016

In the model for phase transitions in binary systems based on Fourier’s and Fick’s laws, the interface equilibrium condition

θ
=
w

\theta = w

, relating the temperature

θ
\theta

and the chemical activity

w
w

, is here replaced by a relaxation dynamics for the liquid concentration

χ
\chi

:
\[

∂
χ

∂
t

+

H
~

−
1

(
χ
)

=
β

(

θ
,
w

)

\frac {{\partial \chi }}{{\partial t}} + {\tilde H^{ - 1}}\left ( \chi \right ) = \beta \left ( {\theta ,w} \right )

\]
(

H
~

−
1

{\tilde H^{ - 1}}

: inverse of the Heaviside graph); here

β
∈

C
0

(

R
2

)

\beta \in {C^0}\left ( {{R^2}} \right )

and

s
i
g
n
β

(

θ
,
w

)

=
s
i
g
n

(

θ
−
w

)

sign\beta \left ( {\theta ,w} \right ) = sign\left ( {\theta - w} \right )

. In the case of a single dimension of space, with an interface

x
=
s

(
t
)

x = s\left ( t \right )

, a different dynamics can be considered:
\[

s
′

(
t
)

=
β

(

θ

(

s

(
t
)

,
t

)

,
w

(

s

(
t
)

,
t

)

)

s’\left ( t \right ) = \beta \left ( {\theta \left ( {s\left ( t \right ),t} \right ),w\left ( {s\left ( t \right ),t} \right )} \right )

\]
.
On the solution of integral equations with a generalized Cauchy kernel
Authors: Kaya A. C. , Erdogan F. 
Published: December 2016

In this paper a certain class of singular integral equations that may arise from the mixed boundary value problems in nonhomogeneous materials is considered. The distinguishing feature of these equations is that in addition to the Cauchy singularity, the kernels contain terms that are singular only at the end points. In the form of the singular integral equations adopted, the density function is a potential or a displacement and consequently the kernel has strong singularities of the form

(

t
−
x

)

−
2

,

x

n
−
2

(

t
+
x

)

n

(

n
≥
2
,
0
>
x
,
t
>
b

)

{\left ( {t - x} \right )^{ - 2}},{x^{n - 2}}{\left ( {t + x} \right )^n}\left ( {n \ge 2,0 > x,t > b} \right )

. The complex function theory is used to determine the fundamental function of the problem for the general case and a simple numerical technique is described to solve the integral equation. Two examples from the theory of elasticity are then considered to show the application of the technique.
The density function of the solution of a two-point boundary value problem containing small stochastic processes
Authors: Xia Ning Mao 
Published: December 2016

This paper concerns a two-point boundary value problem for an

m
m

thorder system of ordinary differential equations containing a vector stochastic process
\[

ξ

(

t
,
ω

)

=

ξ
0

(
t
)

+
ε

ξ
1

(

t
,
ω

)

+

ε
2

ξ
2

(

t
,
ω

)

+
⋅
⋅
⋅
.

\xi \left ( {t, \omega } \right ) = {\xi _0}\left ( t \right ) + \varepsilon {\xi _1}\left ( {t, \omega } \right ) + {\varepsilon ^2}{\xi _2}\left ( {t, \omega } \right ) + \cdot \cdot \cdot .

\]
When

ε
\varepsilon

is small, the existence and the asymptotic properties of the solution can be obtained by means of the shooting method, and its density function can be determined by solving a sequence of first-order deterministic partial differential equations.
The generalized partial correspondence principle in linear viscoelasticity
Authors: Graham G. A. C. , Golden J. M. 
Published: December 2016

A result, referred to as the generalized partial correspondence principle, is proved for noninertial viscoelastic boundary value problems. This states that if

B
u

(
i
)

(
t
)

B_u^{\left ( i \right )}\left ( t \right )

,

B
σ

(
i
)

(
t
)

B_\sigma ^{\left ( i \right )}\left ( t \right )

are the complementary regions of the boundary of a viscoelastic medium with a unique Poisson’s ratio, on which displacements

u
i

(

r
,
t

)

{u_i}\left ( {r, t} \right )

and stresses

σ

i
j

(

r
,
t

)

n
j

{\sigma _{ij}}\left ( {r, t} \right ){n_j}

are specified, respectively, then if

B
σ

(
i
)

(

t
′

)

⊆

B
σ

(
i
)

(
t
)

B_\sigma ^{\left ( i \right )}\left ( {t’} \right ) \subseteq B_\sigma ^{\left ( i \right )}\left ( t \right )

for all

t
′

≤
t

t’ \le t

, the stresses satisfying this mixed boundary value problem at time

t
t

are the stresses for the elastic problem with the same boundary regions and the same specified stresses while known functions take the place of the specified displacements. It is noteworthy that

B
σ

(
i
)

(

t
′

)

B_\sigma ^{\left ( i \right )}\left ( {t’} \right )

,

t
′

≤
t

t’ \le t

, is not required to be monotonic increasing.
The random eigenvalue problem for a differential equation containing small white noise
Authors: Xia Ning Mao 
Published: December 2016

By means of the extended Ito integral and the shooting method, this paper concerns the random problem containing white noise

B

(

t
,
ω

)

B\left ( {t, \omega } \right )

:
\[

[

−
p

(
t
)

u
′

(
t
)

]

′

+

[

q

(
t
)

+
ε
B

(

t
,
ω

)

]

u
=
λ
u
,

u

(
0
)

=
0
,

u

(
1
)

=
0.

{\left [ { - p\left ( t \right )u’\left ( t \right )} \right ]’} + \left [ {q\left ( t \right ) + \varepsilon B\left ( {t, \omega } \right )} \right ] u = \lambda u, \qquad u\left ( 0 \right ) = 0, \qquad u\left ( 1 \right ) = 0.

\]
When

ε
\varepsilon

is small, the existence and asymptotic expansions for the solutions can be obtained, and the normal properties for the first correction terms can be proved. Formulas for evaluation are derived and one example of the Schrödinger equation is given to illustrate the whole procedure.
A numerical method for semilinear singular parabolic quenching problems
Authors: Chan C. Y. , Chen C. S. 
Published: December 2016

For the problem given by

u

x
x

+
b

u
x

/

x
−

u
t

=
−

(

1
−
u

)

−
1

{u_{xx}} + b{u_x}/x - {u_t} = - {\left ( {1 - u} \right )^{ - 1}}

for

0
>
x
>
a
,

0
>
t
>

T
a

≤
∞
,
u

(

x
,
0

)

=
0
=
u

(

0
,
t

)

=
u

(

a
,
t

)

0 > x > a, \\ 0 > t > {T_a} \le \infty , u\left ( {x, 0} \right ) = 0 = u\left ( {0, t} \right ) = u\left ( {a, t} \right )

, where

b
b

is a constant less than one, a lower bound of

u
u

is used to estimate the critical length

a
a

beyond which quenching occurs, and an upper bound for the time when quenching happens. An upper bound of

u
u

, given by the minimal solution of its steady state, is constructed by using a modified Picard method with the construction of the appropriate Green’s function. To determine the critical length numerically, it is shown that for a given length

a
a

, all iterates attain their maximum values at the same

x
x

-coordinate; the largest interval for existence of the minimal solution corresponds to the critical length for the parabolic problem. As illustrations of the numerical method, the critical lengths corresponding to four given values of

b
b

are computed.
bnstruct: an R package for Bayesian Network structure learning in the presence of missing data
Authors: Franzin Alberto , Sambo Francesco , Di Camillo Barbara 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMotivationA Bayesian Network is a probabilistic graphical model that encodes probabilistic dependencies between a set of random variables. We introduce bnstruct, an open source R package to (i) learn the structure and the parameters of a Bayesian Network from data in the presence of missing values and (ii) perform reasoning and inference on the learned Bayesian Networks. To the best of our knowledge, there is no other open source software that provides methods for all of these tasks, particularly the manipulation of missing data, which is a common situation in practice.Availability and ImplementationThe software is implemented in R and C and is available on CRAN under a GPL licence.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
T-BAS: Tree-Based Alignment Selector toolkit for phylogenetic-based placement, alignment downloads and metadata visualization: an example with the Pezizomycotina tree of life
Authors: Carbone Ignazio , White James B , Miadlikowska Jolanta , Arnold A Elizabeth , Miller Mark A , Kauff Frank , U'Ren Jana M , May Georgiana , Lutzoni François 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMotivationHigh-quality phylogenetic placement of sequence data has the potential to greatly accelerate studies of the diversity, systematics, ecology and functional biology of diverse groups. We developed the Tree-Based Alignment Selector (T-BAS) toolkit to allow evolutionary placement and visualization of diverse DNA sequences representing unknown taxa within a robust phylogenetic context, and to permit the downloading of highly curated, single- and multi-locus alignments for specific clades.ResultsIn its initial form, T-BAS v1.0 uses a core phylogeny of 979 taxa (including 23 outgroup taxa, as well as 61 orders, 175 families and 496 genera) representing all 13 classes of largest subphylum of Fungi—Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota)—based on sequence alignments for six loci (nr5.8S, nrLSU, nrSSU, mtSSU, RPB1, RPB2). T-BAS v1.0 has three main uses: (i) Users may download alignments and voucher tables for members of the Pezizomycotina directly from the reference tree, facilitating systematics studies of focal clades. (ii) Users may upload sequence files with reads representing unknown taxa and place these on the phylogeny using either BLAST or phylogeny-based approaches, and then use the displayed tree to select reference taxa to include when downloading alignments. The placement of unknowns can be performed for large numbers of Sanger sequences obtained from fungal cultures and for alignable, short reads of environmental amplicons. (iii) User-customizable metadata can be visualized on the tree.Availability and ImplementationT-BAS Version 1.0 is available online at http://tbas.hpc.ncsu.edu. Registration is required to access the CIPRES Science Gateway and NSF XSEDE's large computational resources.Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Mycobacterium indicus pranii (Mw)-mediated protection against visceral leishmaniasis by reciprocal regulation of host dual-specificity phosphatases
Authors: Parveen Shabina , Bandhyopadhyay Syamdas , Das Sonali , Majumdar Suchandra Bhattacharyya , Jawed Junaid Jibran , Chowdhury Bidisha Paul , Saha Bhaskar , Majumdar Subrata 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Leishmania donovani resides within the host macrophages by dampening host defence mechanisms and thereby it modulates the host cell functions for its survival. Multiple host cell factors compete during the interplay between the host and the parasite. Roles for dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) are implicated in various pathological conditions. However, the reciprocity of these DUSPs was unknown in L. donovani infection in a susceptible model. Here, we show that Mycobacterium indicus pranii (Mw), an immunomodulator, reciprocally regulates DUSP1 and DUSP6 through the TLR4 pathway. Association of PKC-β with DUSP6 increases after Mw treatment resulting in decreased IL-10, phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Arginase-1, whereas Mw treatment decreases the association between PKC-ε and DUSP1 resulting in increased IL-12, phosphorylation of p38 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression. Silencing of DUSP1 or over-expression of DUSP6 in L. donovani-infected BALB/c mice decreases the parasite burden by inducing IL-12 and reducing IL-10 production. Therefore, we identify DUSP1 and DUSP6 as therapeutic targets, functions of which could be favourably modulated by Mw during L. donovani infection.
Harms to “Others” and the Selection Against Disability View
Authors: Williams Nicola Jane 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn recent years, the question of whether prospective parents might have a moral obligation to select against disability in their offspring has piqued the attention of many prominent philosophers and bioethicists, and a large literature has emerged surrounding this question. Rather than looking to the most common arguments given in support of a positive response to the abovementioned question, such as those focusing on the harms disability may impose on the child created, duties and role-specific obligations, and impersonal ‘harms’, a less commonly made set of arguments is focused upon which looks to the harms that a decision not to select against disability may impose on others. Three different possible arguments supporting a limited duty of disability avoidance are thus identified and subsequently explored: harms to parents themselves, harms to existing family members, and harms to other existing members of society.
Association of Sociodemographic Factors with Spirituality and Hope in Patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Salomé Geraldo Magela , de Almeida Sergio Aguinaldo , Mendes Bruno , de Carvalho Maiume Roana Ferreira , Bueno José Carlos , Massahud Marcelo Renato , Ferreira Lydia Masako 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate levels of spirituality and hope in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) according to sociodemographic factors.

DESIGN:
This was a primary, prospective, descriptive, analytical, and clinical study. Questionnaires assessing sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients, the Spirituality Self-rating Scale (SSRS), and the Herth Hope Index (HHI) were administered to all participants.

SETTING:
University-affiliated skilled nursing center and outpatient wound care clinic in Pouso Alegre, Brazil.

PATIENTS:
Fifty adult patients with DFUs participated in the study. Patients with ischemic diabetic foot and mixed ulcers were excluded from the study.

MAIN RESULTS:
On average, patients with DFUs had low levels of spirituality (mean SSRS score, 12.6) and low hope for cure (mean HHI, 16.5). Patients younger than 60 years reported significantly lower levels of spirituality (mean SSRS scores, 11.0), and those older than 70 years had significantly lower hope for cure (mean HHI, 12.5) than other age groups (P = .040). Level of spirituality was significantly lower among women (P = .015) and those living with an ulcer for more than 2 years, who also reported significantly lower hope for cure (P = .029) compared with patients having an ulcer for less than 2 years.

CONCLUSION:
On average, patients with DFUs, especially women and older adults, had a low sense of hope and spirituality. Except for gender, age, and ulcer duration, other sociodemographic and ulcer characteristics had no significant effect on the study population’s spirituality and hope.
Older Adults, Falls, and Skin Integrity
Authors: Cheung Catherine 
Published: December 2016

GENERAL PURPOSE:
To provide an overview of the assessment and management of risk factors for falls in older adults.

TARGET AUDIENCE:
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES
After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:
1. Outline the components of an evidence-based falls assessment and identify risk factors for falls.
2. Specify strategies to reduce falls in older adults, especially as related to maintaining skin integrity.

ABSTRACT
Older adult patients may present to skin and wound care clinicians with skin injuries as a result of falls. In addition, chronic wounds associated with the patient’s conditions may also increase his/her falls risk. Hence, appropriate assessment and management of the risk of falls in older adult patients are key elements of patient-centered care.
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed, Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Society of Gynecologic Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology Clinical Practice Guideline
Authors: Wright Alexi A. , Bohlke Kari , Armstrong Deborah K. , Bookman Michael A. , Cliby William A. , Coleman Robert L. , Dizon Don S. , Kash Joseph J. , Meyer Larissa A. , Moore Kathleen N. , Olawaiye Alexander B. , Oldham Jessica , Salani Ritu , Sparacio Dee , Tew William P. , Vergote Ignace , Edelson Mitchell I. 
Published: December 2016

(Abstracted from J Clin Oncol 2016;34:3460–3473)
Treatment with primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS) followed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been the standard of care for women with stage IIIC or IV epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, data from 2 recent randomized controlled trials suggest that PCS can be a first option in these women.
Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery During Pregnancy in Women With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Stewart Zoe A. , Wilinska Malgorzata E. , Hartnell Sara , Temple Rosemary C. , Rayman Gerry , Stanley Katharine P. , Simmons David , Law Graham R. , Scott Eleanor M. , Hovorka Roman , Murphy Helen R. 
Published: December 2016

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2016;375:644–654)
In women with diabetes mellitus (DM) and pregnancy, congenital anomalies have been shown to be associated with poor glycemic control around the time of conception. In addition, other complications are associated with maternal hyperglycemia throughout pregnancy.
Ketamine Increases the Function of γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptors in Hippocampal and Cortical Neurons
Authors: Wang Dian-Shi , Penna Antonello , Orser Beverley A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Background
The “dissociative ” general anesthetic ketamine is a well-known N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist. However, whether ketamine, at clinically relevant concentrations, increases the activity of inhibitory γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor type A (GABAA) receptors in different brain regions remains controversial. Here, the authors studied the effects of ketamine on synaptic and extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in hippocampal neurons. Ketamine modulation of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in cortical neurons was also examined.

Methods
Whole cell currents were recorded from cultured murine neurons. Current evoked by exogenous GABA, miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents, and currents directly activated by ketamine were studied.

Results
Ketamine did not alter the amplitude, frequency, or kinetics of postsynaptic currents but increased a tonic inhibitory current generated by extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in hippocampal neurons. For example, ketamine (100 µM) increased the tonic current by 33.6 ± 6.5% (mean ± SEM; 95% CI, 18.2 to 48.9; n = 8, P < 0.001). Ketamine shifted the GABA concentration–response curve to the left, but only when GABAA receptors were activated by low concentrations of GABA (n = 6). The selective increase in tonic current was attributed to ketamine increasing the apparent potency of GABA at high-affinity extrasynaptic GABAA receptors. Ketamine also increased a tonic current in cortical neurons (n = 11). Ketamine directly gated the opening of GABAA receptors, but only at high concentrations that are unlikely to occur during clinical use.

Conclusions
Clinically relevant concentrations of ketamine increased the activity of high-affinity extrasynaptic GABAA receptors in the hippocampus and cortex, an effect that likely contributes to ketamine’s neurodepressive properties.
Association of Ipsilateral Rib Fractures With Displacement of Midshaft Clavicle Fractures
Authors: Stahl Daniel , Ellington Matthew , Brennan Kindyle , Brennan Michael 
Published: December 2016

Objectives:
To determine whether the presence of ipsilateral rib fractures affects the rate of a clavicle fracture being unstable (>100% displacement).

Design:
A retrospective review from 2002–2013 performed at a single level 1 trauma center evaluated 243 midshaft clavicle fractures.

Setting:
Single Level 1 trauma center.

Patients/Participants:
These fractures were subdivided into those with ipsilateral rib fractures (CIR; n = 149) and those without ipsilateral rib fractures (CnIR; n = 94).

Intervention:
The amount of displacement was measured on the initial injury radiograph and subsequent follow-up radiographs.

Main Outcome Measurements:
Fractures were classified into either <100% displacement or >100% displacement, based on anteroposterior radiographs. Ipsilateral rib fractures were recorded based on which number rib was fractured and the total number of fractured ribs.

Results:
One hundred sixteen (78%) of the CIR group and 51 (54%) of the CnIR group were found to have >100% displacement at follow-up (P = 0.0047). Seventy-two percent of the CIR group demonstrated progression from <100% to >100% displacement of the fracture compared with only 54% of the CnIR group (P < 0.05). The odds ratio for progression of the clavicle fracture to >100% was 4.08 (P = 0.000194) when ribs 1–4 were fractured and not significant for rib fractures 5–8 or 9–12.

Conclusions:
The presence of concomitant ipsilateral rib fractures significantly increases the rate of midshaft clavicle fractures being >100% displaced. In addition, a fracture involving the upper one-third of the ribs significantly increases the rate of the clavicle fracture being >100% displaced on early follow-up. Clavicle fractures with associated ipsilateral rib fractures tend to demonstrate an increased amount of displacement on follow-up radiographs compared with those without ipsilateral rib fractures.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Balloon Cell Melanoma and Its Metastasis, a Rare Entity
Authors: Chavez-Alvarez Sonia , Villarreal-Martinez Alejandra , Miranda-Maldonado Ivett , Ocampo-Candiani Jorge , Garza-Rodriguez Veronica 
Published: December 2016

Abstract:Balloon cell melanoma (BCM) with metastasis is a rarely occurring neoplasia. The incidence of BCM is low, and hence, the frequency of these lesions presenting metastasis is even less frequent. This review exposes the balloon cell metastasis cases that have been published and a new case. These cases share the histopathological features but the location of initial melanoma, age and sex vary. It is relevant for the dermatologist and dermatopathologist to keep in mind the diagnosis of BCM and consider the possibility of it metastasizing as nonpigmented skin lesions.