bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crowdsourcing Undone Science
Authors: Ottinger Gwen 
Published: September 2017

Could crowdsourcing be a way to get undone science done? Could grassroots groups enlist volunteers to help make sense of large amounts of otherwise unanalyzed data—an approach that has been gaining popularity among natural scientists? This paper assesses the viability of this technique for creating new knowledge about the local effects of petrochemicals, by examining three recent experiments in crowdsourcing led by non-profits and grassroots groups. These case studies suggest that undertaking a crowdsourcing project requires significant resources, including technological infrastructures that smaller or more informal groups may find it difficult to provide. They also indicate that crowdsourcing will be most successful when the questions of grassroots groups line up fairly well with existing scientific frameworks. The paper concludes that further experimentation in crowdsourcing is warranted, at least in cases where adequate resources and interpretive frameworks are available, and that further investment in technological infrastructures for data analysis is needed.
The Characteristics of Sodium Alginate from Brown Seaweed Sargassum crassifolium with Different Filtering Tools
Authors: Sinurat Ellya , Marliani Retni 
Published: September 2017

Indonesia is the largest producer of seaweed in the world, one of the potential marine biological resources is the brown seaweed (Sargassum crassifolium) known as an alginate producer. Alginate extraction through demineralization stage, neutralization, extraction, filtration, precipitation and bleaching. Filtration stage is a very influential process on the quality of alginate produced. In this research, filtering using different tools screen vibrator and hydraulic filter press was conducted to characterize Na-alginate seaweed Sargassum crassifolium using both filter tools. Quality of sodium alginate (yield, viscosity, gel strength, syneresis, whiteness, moisture content, ash, and pH) was determined. The result showed that the viscosity, gel strength, syneresis, and whiteness of alginate obtained using filter press showed the best result. The yield of sodium alginate produced by filter press was 10.91±4.33%, with characteristics of viscosity 82.66±112.46 cP, gel strength 353.54±184.51 g/cm2, syneresis 2.99±0.55%, whiteness 60.53±9.09%, moisture content 13.31±0.77%, ash 26.69±0.82% and pH 6.05±0.57. Based on a parameter of alginate (yield, moisture content, ash, and pH) showed that vibrator method produced alginate with better characteristics. The sodium alginate produced has average yield 19.22±5.68%, viscosity 57.5±21.79 cP, whiteness 29.7±4.45%, gel strength 327.63±55.15 g/cm2, syneresis 4.34±0.78%, moisture content 10.23±1.68%, ash 24.94±4.41% and pH 7.03± 2.60. Operationally the filter press was more effective and efficient in filtering to result from Na-alginate compared to the screen vibrator.
Development of Alginate Extraction Method from Seaweed Turbinaria ornata
Authors: Laksanawati Rani , Ustadi U. , Husni Amir 
Published: September 2017

Indonesia has a lot of high potential seaweed as a source of an alginate, but the extraction method had been used was not suitable. The aim of this research is to develop alginate extraction method from Turbinaria ornata seaweed with calcium method and compare the cost of extraction with an acid method as a control. In this research, various concentration of calcium chloride (CaCl2) was used in the separation of alginate from the extracted filtrate. The concentration of CaCl2 used varies from 0.50; 0.75; 1.00; 1.25; and 1.50 M. For comparison, alginate extraction with acid (control) method was used. Alginate quality parameters observed included alginate yield, product color degree, and gel viscosity. The results showed that the yield of alginate produced by calcium method was 36.89; 44.00; 56.00; 52.89 and 53.11% and for control 22.45%. From the degree of product color, CaCl2 concentration did not significantly affect the color of alginate but was darker when compared to the product extracted by the acid method. The viscosity of alginate produced by calcium method was 27,69; 26,57; 24.50; 22.41 and 19.92 cP while for control 32.88 cP. The extraction of Na-alginate with calcium method can decrease the need for Na-alginate extraction cost by 85% from the amount of Na-alginate extraction cost requirement by the acid method.
The Utilization of Metroxylon Sago (Rottb.) Dregs for Low Bioethanol as Fuel Households Needs in Papua Province Indonesia
Authors: Jonatan Numberi Johni , Ekayuliana Arifia , Dhiputra I Made Kartika , Nugroho Yulianto Sulistyo 
Published: September 2017

<p>The rate of energy needs in Indonesia has increased and the availability of derived fuel energy from fossil has waned. It became worse because of the increase of the population growth, followed by the accretion of life needs that impact on the increase of fuel needs. As much as 55 % fuel oil is used for household industry and transportation. This condition motivates the government to develop alternative energies which are cheaper, renewable and environmentally friendly. One of them is the utilization of sago waste to produce bioethanol as alternative fuel source to fulfill the energy availability in our country especially in the provinces. The Sago potential in Indonesia is ± 1 250 000 ha, where ± 1 200 000 ha of which is in Papua. Thus, Papua has the largest sago potential in the world. This study was conducted to produce clean combustion processes that are healthy, fuel saving and environmentally friendly. The research method consisted of three steps; they were the production of bioethanol from sago dregs using fermentation, the test of fuel characteristics of lower heating value using a bomb calorimeter and the measurement of combustion efficiency with water boiling test as well as heat release rate using a cone calorimeter. The fuel used was bioethanol from sago waste that contained 60 % ethanol.</p>
In Vitro Study of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Tolerant to the Drought Stress
Authors: Sirait Bilter Anton , Charloq Rosa 
Published: September 2017

<p class="Els-Abstract-text"><em>In vitro</em> preliminary studies is candidate tolerant of potato (<em>Solanum tuberosum</em> L.) to the drought stress. This study aimed to determine the characters of potato after being exposed to <em>in vitro</em> drought stress conditions using Polyethylene Glycol PEG. This research was conducted at the Tissue Culture Laboratory, UPT Balai Benih Induk Hortikultura Dinas Pertanian Provinsi Sumatera Utara, in Medan and other places in January 2015 until May 2015. This study used Completely Randomized non Factorial Design namely PEG (P) comprising of two levels, namely: P1 = 5 000 mg · L<sup>–</sup><sup>1</sup>, P2 = 6 000 mg · L<sup>–</sup><sup>1</sup>. The results showed that increasing the concentration of PEG resulted in reduction of the percentage of plantlets survival, reduced plantlets height and plantlets dry weight but the increase in the total protein and leaf chlorophyll. Although the banding pattern is relatively the same, there is a brighter visible banding pattern on potato plantlets with OPAA 09 in the range of 65 bp to 75 bp with sequences of GTGGGTGCCA.</p>
Application Of Ni-Mg-Ce Master Alloy Scrap For Inoculation Of Copper-Nickel Alloys
Authors: Mysik R.K. , Brusnitsyn S.V. , Sulitsin A.V. 
Published: September 2017

<p class="TTPAbstract">The problems of production of copper-nicckel alloys ingots by semicontinuous casting method are analysed. The requirement of grain size refinement in cast alloys macrostructure is shown. It is necessary to reduce the probability of hot cracks formation and increase the fabricability of cast bars during plastic working. The reasonability of fine fraction of Ni-Mg-Ce master alloy application for inoculation of copper-nickel alloys is established. The results of laboratory experiments on the study of master alloy quantity influence the structure and hardness of Cu-5Ni-1Fe, Cu-10Ni-1Fe-1Mn and Cu-30Ni-1Fe-1Mn copper-nickel alloys are presented. On the basis of industrial experiments it is revealed that inoculation of Cu-5Ni-Fe alloy ingots of diameter 200 mm by Ni-Mg-Ce master alloy leads to considerable reducing of macrograin size. It allows to improve mechanical properties of ingots and ensure their uniform distribution in cross section of ingots. It is established that residual magnesium content in alloy must be in range from 0,02 to <br />0,06 wt. %. The use of Ni-Mg-Ce master alloy makes it possible to increase the processability of copper-nickel alloys during plastic working and utilize the fine fraction master alloy scrap inevitably formed during its production.</p>
Sistem Pengaturan Laju Aliran Air pada Plant Water Treatment Skala Rumah Tangga dengan Kontrol Fuzzy-Pid
Authors: Rohman Abdur , Negara M. Agung Prawira , Supeno Bambang 
Published: September 2017

Air merupakan kebutuhan yang sangat vital bagi kehidupan manusia. Permasalahan yang timbul yaitu sering dijumpai bahwa kualitas air tanah maupun air sungai yang digunakan masyarakat kurang memenuhi syarat sebagai air minum yang sehat bahkan di beberapa tempat bahkan tidak layak untuk diminum. Untuk menanggulangi masalah tersebut, salah satu alternatif yaitu mengolah air tanah atau air sumur sehingga didapatkan air dengan kualitas yang memenuhi syarat kesehatan dengan merancang sebuah alat filtrasi air. Pada penelitian ini dirancang sebuah alat filtrasi air skala rumah tangga dengan metode pengontrolan pada aliran air pada proses filtrasi. Metode kontrol yang digunakan yaitu fuzzy_PID. Kontrol fuzzy_PID digunakan untuk mengatur debit aliran air yang masuk kedalam filter dengan mengatur kecepatan pompa air yang dipengaruhi oleh kejernihan air hasil filtrasi. Fuzzy logic digunakan untuk menghasilkan parameter Kp, Ki, Kd pada kontrol PID dengan input berupa error dan perubahan error. Sensor yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah sensor kejernihan 1,sensor kejernihan 2 dan sensor flowmeter. Sensor kejernihan 1 digunakan untuk mendeteksi nilai kejernihan air input dan sensor kejernihan 2 digunakan untuk kejernihan air output. Kemudian sebagai pusat kendalinya yaitu arduino uno. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan diketahui bahwa kecepatan aliran air dapat mempengaruhi nilai kekejernihan air yang dihasilkan pada proses filtrasi. Ketika kejernihan air output dibawah setpoint, maka kecepatan aliran air akan diperlambat sampai kejernihan air output sama dengan setpoint. Pada percobaan setpoint 94 %, Kecepatan debit aliran air berubah dari 872 (Liter/jam) menjadi 752 (Liter/jam) pada saat terjadi perubahan kejernihan air output filtrasi dari 94 % menjadi 93%.
Kata kunci: Arduino Uno, Fuzzy_PID, Kejernihan, Sensor Flowmeter.
Improving Biomass and Ethanol Yield by Intercropping a Winter Cereal with Corn
Authors: Jean Monica , Pennington Dennis , Quigley Michelle , Thelen Kurt 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
Incorporation of a cover crop improved ethanol and biomass yield regardless of harvest time.
Stover‐only treatments yielded greater ethanol and biomass when harvest in the fall.
Despite differences in fermentable sugars among feedstocks, biomass yield was the strongest driver of per hectare ethanol yield.
Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is readily available and can be used as a feedstock for cellulosic ethanol. The addition of a winter annual cereal crop to the corn stover system could increase potential ethanol yield by adding harvestable biomass. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential bioethanol yield resulting from the harvest of mixed stands of corn stover interseeded with winter cereals. The winter cereal crop factor consisted of three treatments; cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), triticale (Triticale hexaploide Lart.), and no winter cereal crop (control). The harvest time factor consisted of two treatments; a two‐harvest system (fall + spring), and a one‐harvest system (fall or spring). Two‐harvest feedstock ethanol content [EtOH] was the greatest (0.305 kg kg−1 and 0.307k g kg−1) followed by the spring‐harvested stover (0.201 kg kg−1). Biomass production and [EtOH] were then multiplied to calculate ethanol yields. Ethanol yield (L ha−1) decreased by 47% when stover‐only feedstock was harvested in the spring compared to the fall. When only considering a single harvest system, incorporation of a cover crop did improve ethanol yield by 242 L ha−1 at spring harvest. The two‐harvest mixed feedstock system was the most productive with 41.8% greater ethanol yield when compared to the single harvest. Overall, the mixed biomass feedstocks resulting from the incorporation of a winter annual cereal with corn stover improved biomass yield and [EtOH] relative to stover‐only feedstocks.
Foliar Application of Iron Fertilizers to Control Iron Deficiency Chlorosis of Soybean
Authors: Chatterjee A. , Lovas S. , Rasmussen H. , Goos R.J. 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
Iron deficiency chlorosis reduces soybean yield in the Northern Great Plains.
Fe‐ortho‐ortho‐EDDHA performed better than other iron forms.
Foliar application after iron deficiency chlorosis appearance did not increase yield.
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production is significantly reduced by iron (Fe) deficiency chlorosis under calcareous soils of the Northern Great Plains. On‐farm trials were conducted to evaluate the foliar applications of Fe fertilizer forms and addition of different adjuvants according to regreening of leaves and yield. Treated plots had improved visual chlorosis ratings and chlorophyll soil plant analysis development (SPAD) meter readings over the growing season than control, but differences were not significant (P < 0.05). Foliar application of Fe‐EDDHA had the most consistent increase in yield over control of the Fe chelates, but no single adjuvant performed better than the others. Future research should focus on integrating other practices like cultivar selection and high seeding rate with foliar application to control Fe deficiency chlorosis.
Occurrence of Antibiotics in an Agricultural Watershed in South‐Central Idaho
Authors: Dungan Robert S. , Snow Daniel D. , Bjorneberg David L. 
Published: September 2017

The polar organic compound integrative sampler (POCIS) is a tool that has been effectively used to passively sample organic pollutants over long periods in aquatic environments. In this study, POCIS were used to investigate the spatial and temporal occurrence of 21 antibiotics in irrigation return flows and upstream sites of an intensively managed agricultural watershed in south‐central Idaho. The antibiotic metabolite, erythromycin‐H2O, and the antibiotics monensin, oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and tylosin were detected at frequencies ranging from 3.1 to 62.5%, with monensin having the highest rate of detection. The fact that monensin was the most frequently detected compound indicates that it is entering return flows in runoff from fields that had received livestock manure or wastewater. Antibiotics (except oxytetracycline, sulfamethazine, and tylosin) were also detected at an upstream site that consisted of diverted Snake River water and is the source of irrigation water for the watershed. Therefore, even cropped soils that are not treated with manure are still receiving low‐level antibiotics during irrigation events. This study provides the first set of evidence that surface waters within this agricultural watershed contain antibiotic residues associated with veterinary and human uses.Core Ideas
Passive samplers were used to sequester antibiotics in surface waters.
Eight of 21 antibiotics were detected in an intensively managed agricultural watershed.
Monensin was the most frequently detected antibiotic (62.5% of samples).
Antibiotics detected were associated with both veterinary and human uses.
SoilJ: An ImageJ Plugin for the Semiautomatic Processing of Three‐Dimensional X‐ray Images of Soils
Authors: Koestel John 
Published: September 2017

Core Ideas
Three‐dimensional X‐ray imaging is a valuable tool for vadose zone research.
Quantitative 3‐D X‐ray image analyses require a large amount of time and expertise.
SoilJ is an X‐ray image processing tool for the automatized analyses of X‐ray images.
SoilJ lowers the amount of time and expertise needed to evaluate 3‐D X‐ray images.
Noninvasive three‐ and four‐dimensional X‐ray imaging approaches have proved to be valuable analysis tools for vadose zone research. One of the main bottlenecks for applying X‐ray imaging to data sets with a large number of soil samples is the relatively large amount of time and expertise needed to extract quantitative data from the respective images. SoilJ is a plugin for the free and open imaging software ImageJ that aims at automating the corresponding processing steps for cylindrical soil columns. It includes modules for automatic column outline recognition, correction of image intensity bias, image segmentation, extraction of particulate organic matter and roots, soil surface topography detection, as well as morphology and percolation analyses. In this study, the functionality and precision of some key SoilJ features were demonstrated on five different image data sets of soils. SoilJ has proved to be useful for strongly decreasing the amount of time required for image processing of large image data sets. At the same time, it allows researchers with little experience in image processing to make use of X‐ray imaging methods. The SoilJ source code is freely available and may be modified and extended at will by its users. It is intended to stimulate further community‐driven development of this software.
Czy dostarczanie usług transportowych na żądanie jest formą pracy?
Authors: Aftańska Adrianna 
Published: September 2017

Artykuł dotyczy nowego trendu społeczno-gospodarczego, jakim jest gospodarka współdzielenia. W pracy zawarto charakterystykę koncepcji sharing economy, której dynamiczny rozwój obserwuje się na przełomie ostatnich lat. Skoncentrowano się na cechach sharing economy w branży transportowej. Analizie poddano wpływ zjawiska na rynek pracy oraz jakość stosunku pracy na podstawie aktualnie obowiązujących rozwiązań w tym zakresie. Omówiono definicję pracownika oraz wirtualnego rynku pracy. Przeanalizowano status pracownika wykonującego usługi on demand. Do rozstrzygnięcia, czy dostarczanie usług transportowych na żądanie jest formą pracy posłużył autorce case study Uber, w szczególności orzeczenia wydane wobec kierowców aplikacji.
Problematyka wejścia kobiety pod władzę męża w formie usus.
Authors: Chmielecka Magdalena 
Published: September 2017

Artykuł dotyczy problematyki wejścia kobiety pod władzę męża w formie usus, poprzez pewnego rodzaju „zaużywanie”, w Starożytnym Prawie Rzymskim. Artykuł wyjaśnia znaczenie usus jako jednego z trzech sposobów wejścia żony pod manus męża i genezę samej instytucji. Podstawowymi problemami omówionym w artykule są terminy rozpoczęcia i zakończenia biegu usus, a co za tym idzie moment wejścia żony pod manus męża. Choć małżeństwo jest stanem faktycznym, zaś manus stanem prawnym, oba terminy są zależne od daty zawarcia małżeństwa. W artykule poruszona została także kwestia przerwania biegu owego „zaużywania”, a zatem usurpatio trinoctii.
Development of Cattle farming as a Model For Sustainable Rural Development Goal using Spatial Approach (Case in Southern Parts of Merapi Volcano Slope Sleman Regency of Yogyakarta)
Authors: Widiati Rini , Umami Nafiatul , Gunawan Totok 
Published: September 2017

This study aims to build a model of beef cattle farming development using spatial approach in rural areas of the southern slopes of Merapi Volcano Sleman Regency of Yogyakarta after eruption 2010. Samples were taken Glagaharjo sub-district (Cangkringan district) as impacted area and Wonokerto (Turi district) as unimpacted areas. Survey method were used to land evaluation analysis and Geographic Information System (GIS) software for spatial analysis. Materials were used RBI map in 1:25 000 scale, map of land use, landform, slope, and IKONOS imagery (2015. Analysis potential of land capability for forage cattle using the production unity in kg of TDN per AU. The research result showed that based on the land capability and suitability class maps, both villages had the potential of land carrying capacity of cattle feed of 2604.84 AU in Glagaharjo and 2162.26 AU in Wonokerto. However, further research to explore the potential of agricultural land use to develop smallholder model of beef cattle farming in both villages was still open to the researchers.
Mengembangkan Model Literasi Media yang Berkebhinnekaan dalam Menganalisis Informasi Berita Palsu (Hoax) di Media Sosial
Authors: Juliswara Vibriza 
Published: September 2017

Ujaran kebencian (hate speech) mengiringi kebebasan berpendapat di media sosial. Sejak pilpres 2014 lalu, istilah ‘hater’ pun dikenal luas, yang menandai orang-orang dengan kecenderungan membuat pesan ujaran kebencian pada orang atau kelompok tertentu. Kebhinnekaan sebagai pengikat sosial diuji karena kecenderungan praktik ujaran kebencian yang dipromosikan melalui media sosial. Kondisi itu diperparah oleh penyalahgunaan media sosial seperti persebaran berita bohong atau informasi palsu (hoax) yang dampaknya menimbulkan permusuhan dan tidak sesuai dengan budaya bangsa Indonesia yang mengutamakan toleransi. Dalam rangka merespon berkembangnya ujaran kebencian, kajian ini mencoba untuk mengembangkan suatu model literasi media yang berkebhinnekaan dalam menganalisis informasi palsu (hoax) dalam berita di media sosial. Melalui pengembangan model kajian literasi media sebagai pendekatan yang memberdayakan pengguna media sosial (netizen) maka diasumsikan para netizen akan lebih mampu mengkonstruksi muatan yang positif dalam memanfaatkan media sosial.
Determinación de la frecuencia de hipermilasemia y pancreatitis en pacientes llevados a colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica
Authors: Del Castillo Rangel Fabián Rodrigo , Arango Molano Lázaro Antonio 
Published: September 2017

Hemos visto con preocupación que, en el postquirúrgico de la colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica (CPRE), existe confusión en cuanto a la aparición de pancreatitis y a la elevación transitoria de las amilasas (hiperamilasemia sin repercusión clínica), por lo que nos dimos a la tarea de realizar esta investigación, cuyo objetivo principal era determinar la prevalencia del incremento de niveles séricos de amilasas y de pancreatitis en los pacientes sometidos a colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica, según variables demográficas, clínicas y procedimentales. Es un estudio descriptivo, prospectivo, analítico y observacional, la población de estudio estuvo integrada por 98 pacientes atendidos en Unión de Cirujanos SAS, quienes requirieron colangiopancreatografía retrógrada endoscópica.Resultados: La frecuencia de pancreatitis aguda después de la CPRE fue del 2%, con 2 de los 98 casos estudiados; el 30% presentó hiperamilasemia (30 pacientes); la canulacion del conducto pancreático, mostró asociación con pancreatitis post CPRE, con un valor de p < 0,05. De los 2 pacientes que presentaron pancreatitis post-CPRE, a uno de ellos se le realizó contraste del conducto pancreático, La dilatación con balón se asoció con la hiperaamilasemia (p < 0,041).Conclusiones: La pancreatitis post CPRE se presentó en un 2% de los pacientes y este porcentaje se encuentra incluido dentro de los pacientes que presentaron hiperamilasemia, uno de los criterios para diagnóstico de pancreatitis. Nuestro grupo se encuentra en el rango inferior del promedio internacional (1,8 al 7,2%). La hiperamilasemia asintomática se presentó en un 30%. Recomendamos que, si el paciente después de la CPRE el paciente no presenta dolor, no se midan las amilasas, porque estas van a estar elevadas en gran número de los casos y, entonces, sólo causaría confusión.