bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Activity Theory as a Methodology for Developing Creativity within the Art and Design Classroom
Authors: Kinsella Victoria 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article discusses the use of an activity theory system as an analytical tool within the school art and design classroom. It highlights reasons for its use and makes explicit its importance for investigations into teaching and learning. It proposes that through an activity theory system, teachers and researchers are enabled to reflect on the formation of thought and develop an understanding of pedagogy, where classroom roles, rules and participation are made visible. The article draws on primary research which explores the development of creativity within the English Key Stage 3 (age 11–14) art and design classroom. Illustrations are provided to show how through the use of an activity theory system a multi‐layered analysis took place. This generated reflection on relationships and structures within and surrounding the classroom, impinging creative activity. Through using the activity theory system teachers and researchers were enabled to observe the complexity of the classroom and question socio‐cultural‐political structures which empowered change.
Developing Design through a Creative Problem‐Solving Process: A Group Community Art Project
Authors: Hsieh Chia‐Ying 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFor the past few years, creativity has gradually become an important element in the national cultivation of talent in Taiwan. Although traditionally art education is closely linked with creativity, the academic research on general art education is very insufficient. Therefore, the goal of this research is to investigate how creativity could be cultivated in curriculum planning for general art education at technology universities as well as what students’ learning process was when they participated in a course's creative activity. The research applied the theory and steps of creative problem‐solving (CPS) on a general art course to design a group practical activity combining with the local community. This involved converting the steps of creative problem‐solving into different stages of group design activities with the goal of constructing a design process equivalent to the process of problem‐solving. The main research results revealed that students could experience the problem‐solving process through group design activities and develop their divergent and convergent thinking at the same time. Moreover, the cooperative learning model is the most appropriate teaching strategy for students from non‐art‐related departments when cultivating their creativity.
Efficacy and safety of adding liraglutide to existing insulin regimens in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A post‐hoc analysis of a phase 3 randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kaneko Shizuka , Nishijima Keiji , Bosch‐Traberg Heidrun , Kaku Kohei , Seino Yutaka 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo determine the efficacy and safety of adding liraglutide to three different insulin regimens in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Materials and MethodsIn this post‐hoc analysis, results from a 36‐week, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group trial are reported. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus were stratified according to their pre‐trial insulin regimen (basal, basal–bolus and premix). The primary objective was to determine whether adding liraglutide (0.9 mg/day) to fixed‐dose insulin therapy was superior vs fixed‐dose insulin monotherapy, assessed by the effect on glycemic control after 16 weeks of treatment.ResultsThe treatment effect on glycated hemoglobin reduction was independent of the pre‐trial insulin regimen. Comparing liraglutide with a placebo, liraglutide was associated with glycated hemoglobin reduction in all insulin regimens, with placebo‐corrected reductions at 16 weeks ranging from −1.45 to −1.17%, and maintained at 36 weeks. Liraglutide resulted in a greater reduction in mean plasma glucose obtained from seven‐point self‐monitoring, and greater proportions of patients achieved target glycated hemoglobin. With liraglutide, slightly higher proportions of patients receiving basal and basal–bolus insulin reported confirmed hypoglycemia from 0 to 16 weeks.ConclusionsThe efficacy and safety of adding liraglutide to insulin therapy was confirmed, regardless of pre‐trial insulin regimen.
Temperature fluctuations during development reduce male fitness and may limit adaptive potential in tropical rainforest Drosophila
Authors: Saxon A. D. , O'Brien E. K. , Bridle J. R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the potential for organisms to tolerate thermal stress through physiological or evolutionary responses is crucial given rapid climate change. Although climate models predict increases in both temperature mean and variance, such tolerances are typically assessed under constant conditions. We tested the effects of temperature variability during development on male fitness in the rainforest fly Drosophila birchii, by simulating thermal variation typical of the warm and cool margins of its elevational distribution, and estimated heritabilities and genetic correlations of fitness traits. Reproductive success was reduced for males reared in warm (mean 24 °C) fluctuating (±3 °C) vs. constant conditions but not in cool fluctuating conditions (mean 17 °C), although fluctuations reduced body size at both temperatures. Male reproductive success under warm fluctuating conditions was similar to that at constant 27 °C, indicating that briefly exceeding critical thermal limits has similar fitness costs to continuously stressful conditions. There was substantial heritable variation in all traits. However, reproductive success traits showed no genetic correlation between treatments reflecting temperature variation at elevational extremes, which may constrain evolutionary responses at these ecological margins. Our data suggest that even small increases in temperature variability will threaten tropical ectotherms living close to their upper thermal limits, both through direct effects on fitness and by limiting their adaptive potential.
Evaluation of aggression in Australian after‐hours doctor home‐visit services
Authors: Ifediora Chris O. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesMinimizing the risks and distress arising from aggression in after‐hours house call (AHHC) services will help improve service quality in the industry. Unfortunately, no national study has ever evaluated this in Australian AHHCs. Apart from reducing this gap, findings from this work will have global relevance given the rising popularity of the AHHC industry worldwide.MethodsA survey of all 300 doctors employed by the National Home Doctor Service, Australia's largest AHHC service provider. A validated electronic questionnaire was used to examine the doctors' experiences over a 12‐month period.ResultsThere were 168 valid responses (56% response rate). Aggression prevalence was 47.1%, and just over half (51.8%) of the cases came from the patients. “Verbal aggression” was the commonest (48.3%). Others are “threats” (26.6%), “vexatious complaints” (13.3%), “property damage” (4.2%), “physical violence” (4.2%), “sexual harassment” (2.8%), and “stalking” (0.7%). Majority of the respondents were concerned (90.2%) and apprehensive (75.2%) regarding the risks.Doctors who have experienced aggression were more likely to express apprehension (OR = 3.99; CI = 1.54–10.31; P = 0.004), while those that have attained Postgraduate Fellowships (Vocationally Registered) were less likely to report experiences of aggression (OR = 0.28; CI = 0.09–0.84; P = 0.02).Even though a higher proportion of females were concerned (92.3% vs 89.6%) and apprehensive (82.1% vs 73.6%) compared with males, these differences were not statistically significant (Fisher's Exact Tests: P = 1.000 and 0.469, respectively).ConclusionAggression in Australian AHHC affects nearly 1‐in‐2 practitioners, with high levels of concern and apprehension being expressed. Concerned companies should do more to ensure that their doctors attain PG fellowships, as this is linked to lower reports of aggression. Where possible, family and friends need to be involved in patient care, as nearly half of the reported aggressions come from them.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of interventions to increase physical activity in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities
Authors: McGarty A. M. , Downs S. J. , Melville C. A. , Harris L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundIncreasing physical activity (PA) through intervention can promote physical and mental health benefits in children and adolescents. However, children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) have consistently been shown to engage in low levels of PA, which are insufficient for long‐term health. Despite this, little is known about the effectiveness of interventions to increase PA in children and adolescents with ID. The aims of this study were therefore to systematically review how effective interventions are at increasing PA levels in children and adolescents with ID and to further examine what components have been used in these interventions.MethodA systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Education Resources Information Center, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsychINFO, Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials and International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number trials registry was conducted (up to July 2016). Articles were included if they met the following eligibility criteria: children and adolescents (<18 years) with ID, measurement of PA at baseline and post‐intervention and intervention studies. Effect sizes were calculated as standardised mean difference (d) and meta‐analysis calculated between intervention and no treatment control intervention.ResultsFive studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Study design, methodological quality and intervention components were varied. Interventions did not support sufficient changes in PA to improve health. The meta‐analysis demonstrated that intervention groups were not more effective at increasing PA levels post‐intervention (d: 2.20; 95% CI −0.57 to 0.97) compared with control. However, due to a decrease in PA in the control intervention, a moderate significant effect was demonstrated at follow‐up (d: 0.49; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.84).ConclusionsThere is a lack of studies which aim to increase PA levels in children and adolescents with ID, with current interventions ineffective. Future studies are required before accurate recommendations for appropriate intervention design and components can be made.
Spontaneous pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma in a free‐living black capuchin monkey (Sapajus nigritus)
Authors: Díaz‐Delgado J. , Guerra J. M. , Fernandes N. C. C. A. , Gonçalves‐Serra E. , Minozzo G. A. , Di Loretto C. , Iglezias S. , Groch K. R. , Ressio R. , Kanamura C. , Catão‐Dias J. L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPulmonary neoplasia is rare among wild New World primates. We report the gross, microscopical, and immunohistochemical features of a primary multicentric pulmonary adenosquamous carcinoma in a free‐living black capuchin monkey (Sapajus nigritus). Herein, the spectrum of pulmonary neoplasms in non‐human primates is widened and briefly reviewed.
Developmental Change in Sibling Support and School Commitment Across Adolescence
Authors: Rogers Christina R. , Guyer Amanda E. , Nishina Adrienne , Conger Katherine J. 
Published: December 2017

School commitment typically declines across adolescence, but the family‐level factors that explain this decline have not been fully characterized. This study investigated sibling support as a family resource in predicting school commitment across 7th–10th grade using a sample of 444 adolescents (Mages = 12.61, 13.59, 14.59, 15.58 years). Results showed that sibling support linearly increased and school commitment decreased and stabilized, independently, over time. Sibling support positively predicted school commitment in seventh grade and across time, suggesting that having supportive siblings may help to offset adolescents’ declines in school commitment. Furthermore, having a brother enhanced this association versus having a sister. These findings provide insight into ways to help youth maintain school commitment across the middle‐ to high school transition.
The Checklist of Unit Behaviours (CUB): Validation within a Canadian outpatient day hospital programme
Authors: Taube‐Schiff M. , El Morr C. , Counsell A. , Mehak Adrienne , Gollan J. 
Published: December 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

The psychometrics of the CUB measure have been tested within an inpatient psychiatric setting. Results show that the CUB has two factors that reflect patients' approach and avoidance of dimensions of the treatment milieu, and that an increase of approach and decrease of avoidance are correlated with discharge.

No empirical research has examined the validity of the CUB in a day hospital programme.

What this article adds to existing knowledge?

This study was the first to address the validity of this questionnaire within a psychiatric day hospital setting.

This now allows other mental health service providers to use this questionnaire following administration of patient engagement interventions (such as behavioural activation), which are routinely used within this type of a setting.

What are the implications for practice?

Our results can enable healthcare providers to employ an effective and psychometrically validated tool in a day hospital setting to measure treatment outcomes and provide reflections of patients' approach behaviours and avoidance behaviours.

AbstractIntroductionWe evaluated the Checklist of Unit Behaviours (CUBs) questionnaire in a novel mental health setting: a day hospital within a large acute care general hospital. No empirical evidence exists, as of yet, to look at the validity of this measure in this type of a treatment setting. The CUB measures two factors, avoidance or approach, of the patients' engagement with the treatment milieu within the previous 24 hr.AimA confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to validate the CUB's original two factor structure in an outpatient day programme.MethodsPsychiatric outpatients (n = 163) completed the CUB daily while participating in a day hospital programme in Toronto, Canada.ResultsA CFA was used to confirm the CUB factors but resulted in a poor fitting model for our sample, χ2 (103) = 278.59, p < .001, CFI = 0.80, RMSEA = 0.10, SRMR = 0.10. Questions 5, 8 and 10 had higher loadings on a third factor revealed through exploratory factor analysis. We believe this factor, “Group Engagement,” reflects the construct of group‐related issues.DiscussionThe CUB was a practical and useful tool in our psychiatric day hospital setting at a large acute care general hospital.Implications for practiceOur analysis identified group engagement, a critical variable in day programmes, as patients have autonomy regarding staying or leaving the programme.
Genetic association of complement component 2 variants with chronic hepatitis B in a Korean population
Authors: Namgoong Suhg , Shin Joong‐Gon , Cheong Hyun Sub , Kim Lyoung Hyo , Kim Ji On , Seo Jung Yeon , Shin Hyoung Doo , Kim Yoon Jun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsNumerous single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with an increased risk of liver diseases, chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma have been identified. In this study, we scrutinized the genetic effects of C2 variants, which were conflicting in previous results, on the risk of chronic hepatitis B in a Korean population.MethodsWe genotyped 22 common C2 genetic variants of 977 chronic hepatitis B cases including 302 chronic hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma cases and 785 population controls. Statistical analysis was performed to examine the effects of genotype on the risk of chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma.ResultsLogistic regression analyses showed that six C2 single nucleotide polymorphisms had significant associations with the risk of chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma among the Korean subjects. Stepwise analysis revealed that causal markers (rs9267665 and rs10947223) were identified among the C2 variants (stepwise P = 3.32 × 10−9 and 2.04 × 10−5 respectively). In further conditional analysis with previous chronic hepatitis B‐associated loci, these two single nucleotide polymorphisms were independently associated with the risk of chronic hepatitis B. In addition, we investigated the ability of genetic risk scores combining 12 multi‐chronic hepatitis B loci to predict the risk of chronic hepatitis B. Individuals with higher genetic risk scores showed increased risk for chronic hepatitis B.ConclusionsOur results suggested that the C2 gene might be a susceptibility locus for chronic hepatitis B in Korean populations. The cumulative genetic effects may contribute to future etiological explanations for chronic hepatitis B.
Effects of varying degrees of partial bladder outlet obstruction on urinary bladder function of rats: A novel link to inflammation, oxidative stress and hypoxia
Authors: Sezginer Ecem Kaya , Yilmaz‐Oral Didem , Lokman Utku , Nebioglu Serpil , Aktan Fugen , Gur Serap 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of different degrees of obstruction, and the roles of inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypoxia parameters on bladder function.MethodsThirty male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 10 in each group): (i) sham‐operated control; (ii) severe partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO); and (iii) moderate PBOO. Severe and moderate PBOO were induced by urethral ligation using 3‐Fr and 4‐Fr catheters, respectively, for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, the in vitro contractile responses to carbachol, electrical field stimulation, ATP and KCl were measured in bladder strips. In addition, mRNA and protein expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF) and nuclear factor, erythroid 2‐like 2 (Nrf2) in bladder were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in bladder tissues were also determined.ResultsRats in the severe PBOO group had the highest bladder weight. Detrusor strips from rats in the severe PBOO group exhibited 61%–82% smaller contractile responses to all four stimuli than those from the sham‐operated group. Activity of NF‐κB as an inflammatory marker was increased in the severe PBOO group, whereas HIF‐1α and HIF‐2β protein levels were increased significantly in the moderate PBOO group. A master regulator of oxidative stress, Nrf2 expression was increased in all obstructed rats. MDA levels were higher in the severe PBOO group than in sham‐operated group.ConclusionThe results of the present study reveal the importance of oxidative stress‐induced NF‐κB signaling in bladder dysfunction with severe obstruction. Altered HIF signaling may contribute to the functional impairment after PBOO. Novel and evolving therapies targeting oxidative and/or inflammatory pathways may be a reasonable strategy for the management of lower urinary tract symptoms or benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Mullite in Libyan Desert Glass: Evidence for high‐temperature/low‐pressure formation
Authors: Greshake Ansgar , Wirth Richard , Fritz Jörg , Jakubowski Tomasz , Böttger Ute 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLibyan Desert Glass (LDG) is a SiO2‐rich natural glass whose origin, formation mechanism, and target material are highly debated. We here report on the finding of a lens‐shaped whitish inclusion within LDG. The object is dominantly composed of siliceous glass and separated from the surrounding LDG by numerous cristobalite grains. Within cristobalite, several regions rich in mullite often associated with ilmenite were detected. Mineral assemblage, chemical composition, and grain morphologies suggest that mullite was formed by thermal decomposition of kaolinitic clay at atmospheric pressure and T ≥ 1600 °C and also attested to high cooling rates under nonequilibrium conditions. Cristobalite contains concentric and irregular internal cracks and is intensely twinned, indicating that first crystallized β‐cristobalite inverted to α‐cristobalite during cooling of the SiO2‐rich melt. The accompanied volume reduction of 4% induced the high density of defects. The whitish inclusion also contains several partly molten rutile grains evidencing that at least locally the LDG melt was at T ≥ 1800 °C. Based on these observations, it is concluded that LDG was formed by high‐temperature melting of kaolinitic clay‐, rutile‐, and ilmenite‐bearing Cenozoic sandstone or sand very likely during an asteroid or comet impact onto Earth. While melting and ejection occurred at high pressures, the melt solidified quickly at atmospheric pressure.
A Journey within the Theory–Practice Nexus of Conflict Management: Contributions of IACM Rubin Award Recipient Benjamin Broome
Authors: Hogan Michael , Frey Lawrence R. , Kim Young Yun , Clements Kevin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this tribute to the 2016 recipient of the International Association for Conflict Management Jeffrey Z. Rubin Theory‐to‐Practice Award, we celebrate the work of Benjamin Broome. Each of us highlights a unique contribution of his work: specifically, in the areas of (a) applied communication, (b) intercultural communication, (c) conflict management and peacebuilding, and (d) well‐being, sustainability, and systems science education. We conclude our discussion of the four research areas by highlighting common themes suggested by this work. The article closes with words of wisdom from Benjamin Broome, who offers advice to doctoral students and scholars at various stages of their career.
Determining an optimal dose of linaclotide for use in Japanese patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: A phase II randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Fukudo S. , Nakajima A. , Fujiyama Y. , Kosako M. , Nakagawa A. , Akiho H. , Nakashima Y. , Johnston J. M. , Miwa H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundClinical testing to determine a suitable dose of linaclotide for Japanese patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS‐C) was needed.MethodsThis was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐finding trial. Japanese patients with IBS‐C diagnosed using Rome III criteria (n = 559, men/women: 49/510) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 linaclotide doses (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, or 0.5 mg) or placebo for the 12‐week treatment period. The primary endpoint was responder rate of global assessment of relief of IBS symptoms during 12 weeks. The secondary endpoints included responder rates of complete spontaneous bowel movement (CSBM), SBM and abdominal pain/discomfort relief and others.Key ResultsThe primary endpoint was 23.2%, 36.2%, 38.7%, 34.8%, and 38.3% in placebo (n = 112), 0.0625 (n = 116), 0.125 (n = 111), 0.25 (n = 112), and 0.5 (n = 107) mg of linaclotide groups with the difference from the placebo group in each linaclotide group (13.0%, 15.5%, 11.6%, 15.1%, P > .05). Monthly responder rate of global assessment of relief of IBS symptoms at month 3 (48.6%), responder rate of CSBM during 12 weeks (45.8%), and responder rate of abdominal pain/discomfort relief during 12 weeks (32.7%) in the 0.5 mg were significantly higher than those in placebo group (29.5%, P < .01; 25.9%, P < .01; and 18.8%, P < .05 respectively). The most frequent adverse event in the linaclotide groups was diarrhea.Conclusions & InferencesThis study suggests that a linaclotide dose of 0.5 mg may be appropriate in Japanese patients with IBS‐C.