bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substance abuse in first episode psychosis: Baseline characteristics and clinical outcome
Authors: Toll A. , Mané A. , Bergé D. , Pérez-Solà V. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThere are high rates of substance use disorders (SUD) amongst first episode psychosis (FEP). SUD have been linked to better premorbid adjustment, more severe positive and negative symptoms at presentation and poorer symptomatic and functional outcome [1]. Moreover, shorter duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been described as an important predictor of outcome in FEP [2].AimsWith this study, we want to know which baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes differ between FEP patients with and without substance use.MethodsOne hundred and seventy-five FEP were consecutively admitted to Hospital del Mar since January 2008 to September 2014 and entered the FEP programme of the institution. The included evaluation was socio-demographic and clinical data at baseline and 1 year follow-up. We studied differences in age, gender, DUP, GAF scores at baseline and 1 year follow-up and PANSS subscale scores at base and 1 year follow-up between substance users and non-users.ResultsCannabis: we found that users were significative younger (P < 0.01), had a higher proportion of males (P < 0.01) and a significative shorter DUP in users (P = 0.008).Alcohol: we found that users were significative younger (P < 0.009), had a higher proportion of males (P < 0.003) and a significative lower PANNS negative scores at baseline (P = 0.01) and 1 year follow-up (P = 0.03).ConclusionsIn our sample of first episode psychosis, cannabis and alcohol use is linked with a younger age and a high proportion of males. Moreover, it seems that cannabis use could be associated with a shorter DUP.References not available.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Socio-demographic features of gender dysphoria in a Sardinian adult population
Authors: Bandecchi C. , Deiana V. , Pinna F. , Corda E. , Pusceddu R. , Pintore S. , Oppo A. , Mariotti S. , Argiolas A. , Carpiniello B. 
Published: May 2016

Gender dysphoria (GD) is a rare entity in psychiatry; there are a lot of studies about its clinical aspects, but only few investigations considering the socio-demographic characteristics of these patients, especially concerning Italian population.The aim of this study is to evaluate socio-demographic characteristics of GD individuals seeking assistance for gender transition and to assess possible differences between MtFs and FtMs.A consecutive series of 25 patients (56% MtF and 44% FtM), from 17 to 49 years old (mean age: 29.6 ± 9.52), were evaluated for gender dysphoria from June 2011 to May 2015. All subjects met the criteria for gender identity disorder (GID), based on DSM-IV-TR.The results have shown that FtMs refer for psychiatric help in younger age than MtFs (21–25 years vs. 36–50 years, P = .038); most of the patients are unemployed (48%; P = .014) and live with their parents (68%; P = .001), without statistically significant gender differences. Regarding sexual orientation, 84% of the sample report to feel attracted by individuals of the same-genotypic sex (P < .001); 81.8% of FtMs have a stable relationship instead of 21.4% of MtFs (P = .007). Moreover, a significant statistical difference was found between the two groups in the “real-life experience”; all FtMs live as males, while only 50% of MtFs show themselves as females in the daily life and activities (P = .008).This is a preliminary study comparing the socio-demographic features of a MtF and FtM GD population in Sardinia. Although the limitation of a small sample, our results do not differ from the literature data; in particular, FtMs display significantly better global functioning and less problems in social integration.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Personality traits and personality disorders in gender dysphoria
Authors: Deiana V. , Corda E. , Bandecchi C. , Pintore S. , Pinna F. , Pusceddu R. , Oppo A. , Mariotti S. , Argiolas A. , Carpiniello B. 
Published: May 2016

Investigations in the field of gender dysphoria (GD) have been mostly related to psychiatric comorbidity and severe psychiatric disorders, but have focused less on personality traits and personality disorders (PDs).We aimed to assess personality and the presence of PDs in a sample of 25 persons with GD attending the Psychiatric Clinic or the Department of Endocrinology of the University of Cagliari requesting sex reassignment therapy. They were assessed through the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II (SCID-II).The sample consisted of 14 MtF and 11 FtM, with a mean age of 29.6 ± 9.5. Overall, 39.1% of the sample met the criteria for at least one PD, more frequently cluster-B PD (21.7%). MtF met a higher number of SCID-II criteria than FtM, especially regarding histrionic personality traits (P = 0.001). A total of 20 persons (9 MtF and 11 FtM) completed the MMPI-2. Mean T scores did not differ from the general population, except for the Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) scale (mean T = 66.2 ± 11.2). The Masculinity-Femininity (Mf) scale was slightly increased, and its score reduced after correction for perceived sex (P = 0.037). MtF scored significantly higher at the Family Problems (FAM) scale (P = 0.052) and lower at the Social Discomfort (SOD) scale (P = 0.005) compared to FtM.The high prevalence of PDs confirms that this kind of assessment in GD is of great importance, as a key part of personalized treatment plan tailoring. The high scores on the Pd scale suggest misidentification with societal standards.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
I am trapped in a wrong body
Authors: Hernandez Anton R. , Noval Canga C. , Rybak Koite E. , De La Red Gallego H. , Gallardo Borge L. , Alonso Sanchez A. , Sevillano Benito I. , Garcia Cantalapiedra M.J. , Marques Cabezas P. , Uribe Ladron De Cegama F. , Espina Barrio J.A. , Isidro Garcia G. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionGender dysphoria is incoherence between the sex a person feels or expresses and the biological.ObjectiveRevise the inclusion criteria for hormone therapy and sex reassignment surgery in gender dysphoria. Expose the multidisciplinary approach. Make differential diagnosis with other psychological disorders.MethodologyA 45 years old male patient (biological female), who was sent from Endocrinology Unit for a psychiatric evaluation before restart a hormonal treatment. Since his childhood, he has presented dissatisfaction with his sexual characteristics; he has had fantasies and dreams, in which he belonged to the other sex. He has always chosen male activities and male stereotypes companies. He has presented preference for cross-dressing from 9 years. Always felt the sexual attraction for women. He first consulted for this reason in 1995.ResultsIt reported favorably to start hormone treatment after completing the eligibility criteria: > 18 years old; knowledge of the effects of hormones; and more 3 months documented real-life experience. The hormone therapy caused the growth of microprolactinoma, which was treated with dopamine agonists until it disappeared and the cessation of galactorrhea. Testosterone treatment is restarted. Laboratory tests are done every 3 months during the first year and then, every 6 months.ConclusionsIs the gender disphoria a pathology? The EU recommends a reclassification as no pathological disorders in ICD-11. The treatment of gender dysphoria is necessary, and there is no reason to postpone it. The main difficulty is the differential diagnosis; there may be comorbidity with others mental disorders which are not exclusive (psychotic disorder, OCD, personality disorders and other disorders of gender identity).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The influence of the Foehn wind (Halny) on the occurrence of suicide in the Tatra Mountains, 1999–2014
Authors: Koszewska I. , Walawender E. , Baran A. , Zieliński J. , Ustrnul Z. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionIn the dawn of increasing interest in climate changes, including extreme weather events, e.g. the Foehn winds, and their influence on public health, it is of great importance to understand their role in suicide.ObjectivesThe association between suicides in the Tatra Mountains, Poland from 1999 to 2014 and the Foehn wind (called Halny in this region) was examined. The belief that suicides are affected by Halny seems to be firmly rooted in local language and culture.AimsThe purpose of the study was to assess the Halny wind as a suicide risk factor.MethodData concerning all suicides in the region were included. Meteorological data were derived every three hours during the period of the study. Halny was defined as a complex of interacting meteorological conditions. The two days preceding and following the wind were recognized as the period of the Foehn influence (FI). The probability of suicide in the presence of Halny and during the FI period was calculated.ResultsFrom 1st January 1999 to 31 December 2014 (5844 days), 210 consecutive suicides were registered. The number of suicides in men was markedly higher than in women. Halny did not change the overall probability of suicide. However, the presence of Halny modified the suicide risk according to the season (P = 0.00095, two-way ANOVA test). The FI periods appeared to increase suicide risk in summer and autumn.ConclusionHalny may contribute to the increased suicide risk in summer and autumn. It should be taken into account in suicide preventive interventions in this region.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Who gains from suicide risk assessment: Health inspectorate and health insurances, or also psychiatrist and patient?
Authors: Gonlag A. , van Baest M. , Rijnders C. , Teijeiro R. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe number of suicides rises in the Netherlands. In 2008, 1435 suicides were recorded; in 2012: 1753 (CBS). Adequate risk assessment with suicidal behaviour (SRA) is essential for prevention. The Health Inspectorate and Insurances seek to have a stronger grip on the way suicide risk is assessed and insist on using questionnaires. This runs counter to the multidisciplinary guidelines in the Netherlands for diagnosis and treatment of suicidal behaviour, which state that “questionnaires or observation instruments cannot replace clinical diagnostic examination.”ObjectiveDo questionnaires rather than ‘care as usual’ (CAU) in SRA lead to different treatment policies?AimTo determine whether the use of questionnaires rather than CAU in SRA leads to different treatment policies.MethodsPatients who were seen by staff at the department of Psychiatry at the ETS Hospital, either for in-house consultation or at the MPU, in connection with attempted suicide, auto-intoxication, or psychological distress with suicidal statements. Patients were examined by conducting a questionnaire, resulting in treatment policy (admission, discharge with an appointment with patient's own practitioner, discharge with referral to a practitioner, discharge without aftercare). Then, the same patient was again examined by another colleague in a free interview (CAU). The colleague was not informed about the outcome of the first assessment. Again, treatment policy was determined as a result. The two outcomes were then compared.ResultsData collection still continues.ConclusionsThere are signs that there are no differences in the determined treatment policies following SRA based on the use of questionnaires or CAU.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Computational modeling of reinforcement learning using probabilistic selection task and instructional probabilistic selection task
Authors: Frydecka D. , Drapala J. , Kłosińska E. , Krefft M. , Misiak B. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionHumans learn how to behave both through rules and instructions as well as through environmental experiences. It has been shown that instructions can powerfully control people's choices, often leading to a confirmation bias.AimTo compare learning parameters in reinforcement learning task with and without instructions.MethodsWe recruited 52 healthy adult control subjects (21 males, 31 females, age 30 ± 6.5 years). Participants completed Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Status (RBANSS). Twenty-seven participants completed additionally Probabilistic Selection Task (PST) while twenty-five participants completed Instructional Probabilistic Selection Task (IPST). To analyze learning parameters, we used Q-learning model with 3 parameters: learning rate due to positive and negative reinforcements as well as exploration-exploitation parameter.ResultsBoth groups did not differ with respect to cognitive functioning measured with RBANSS (immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial abilities, language and attention); however, participants who completed PST had trend-level statistically faster learning rates due to positive (P = 0.099) and negative reinforcements (0.057) in comparison to participants who completed IPST. Both groups did not differ with respect to exploration-exploitation parameter (0.409).ConclusionIn healthy adults, interference of confirmation bias can influence learning speed independent of cognitive functioning (immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial abilities, language and attention).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Risk associated to subtypes of seizure disorders in dementia patients
Authors: Habeych M. , Castilla-Puentes R.C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSeizure disorders have been identified in patients suffering from different types of dementia. However, the risks associated with the subtypes of those seizures have not been characterized.Objective/aimTo compare the occurrence of seizure disorders (partial and generalized) between patients with and without a dementia diagnosis from the OPTUM database.MethodsAll ages, and patients with full eligibility between January of 2005 to December of 2014, were included. Data from OPTUM, a de-identified, HIPAA compliant database, made up of 40.7 million private insured patient individual electronic health records from the US, were utilized. Using ICD-9 diagnoses, the occurrence of generalized or partial seizure disorders was identified. A comparison between patients with and without dementia was performed.ResultsA total of 150,516 patient records had a dementia diagnosis, and, 56.38% of them were females. Patients with dementia when compared to those without dementia had higher risk for seizure disorders [odds ratio (OR) = 6.5 95% CI = 4.4–9.5]; grand mal status (OR = 6.5, 95% CI = 5.7–7.3); partial seizures (OR = 6.0, 95% CI = 5.5–6.6); motor simple partial status (OR = 5.6, 95% CI = 3.5–9.0); epilepsy (OR = 5.0, 95% CI = 4.8–5.2); complex partial epileptic seizures (OR = 4.9, 95% CI = 4.6–5.2); generalized convulsive epilepsy (OR = 4.8, 95% CI = 4.5–5.0); localization-related epilepsy (OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 4.1–4.9); petit mal status (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 2.9–6.1); fits convulsions (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 3.4–3.6); and complex febrile seizure (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.6–3.9).ConclusionsThe present study confirms that patients with dementia have higher risks for either generalized or partial seizures disorders when compared with patients without dementia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical morbidity at pregnancy: The role of previous suicidal attempts and repetition
Authors: Soares M.J. , Bos S. , Pereira A.T. , Marques M. , Maia B. , Macedo A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPrevious suicide attempts are a consistent risk factor for suicide. Repetition has been associated with higher future morbidity and suicidality.AimTo examine the relationship between psychological variables at pregnancy and previous repetition of suicidal attempts, first attempts and absence of attempts.MethodsThe sample comprise 568 third trimester pregnant women, mean aged 29.82 years (SD = 4.55; variance = 17–44). Previous suicidal behaviors were assessed with diagnostic interview for genetic studies, depression with PDSS and BDI-II, and affect with POMS. Current suicidal thoughts were assessed with PDSS dimension; hopelessness and helplessness by summing the scores of the POMS items hopeless/gloomy; and lonely/helpless, respectively.ResultsRepeaters (R; n = 11, 1.9%) scored higher than non-repeaters (NR; n = 20, 3.5%) in most of the clinical variables, but only significantly in sleeping/eating disturbances (PDSS).R and NR when compared to women who never attempted suicide (NA; n = 535, 94.5%) both revealed significant higher levels of depressive/hostility affect (POMS), BDI-II total score, suicide ideation, guilt/shame (PDSS) and anxiety/insecurity or anxiety/somatic (PSDD or BDI-II).In comparison with NA, R also revealed significant higher levels of negative affect (POMS), PDSS total score, loss of self, mental confusion (PDSS), cognitive and affective symptoms, fatigue (BDI-II), hopelessness and helplessness. NR also differs from NA in their higher emotional liability (PDSS).ConclusionWomen with previous suicide attempts are at elevated risk for high depressive symptoms, negative affect and suicide ideation at pregnancy. Compared to never attempters, repeaters revealed high morbidity than first attempters. The intervention in pregnancy must carefully assess previous history of suicide attempts.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Are suicidal thoughts in adolescents dependent on substance abuse?
Authors: Wypiór M. , Sobieraj A. , Salomon-Perzyński A. , Dyrda W. , Krzyżowska K. , Matusiak A. , Paluch K. , Seweryn M. , Janas-Kozik M. 
Published: May 2016

Substance abuse is common issue in youth and may influence youth's suicide thoughts or actions. It can lead to social isolation, low self-esteem, loss of work or school, estrangement from family and friends – all these may create a core of stresses that may lead to suicidal tendencies.Analysis addictive factors correlating with occurrence of suicidal thoughts and behaviours among adolescents at the age of 18–20.Study was based on authorial, previously validated questionnaire, included 16 questions about suicidal thoughts. Questionnaires were filled by adolescents (age 18–20) of 21 Secondary Schools in Katowice.From the group of 965 adolescents, 28.8% had suicidal thoughts. From all respondents: 31.3% smoked, 92.7% drunk alcohol, 16.0% used legal hights and 30.9% – drugs; 35.8% of smoking adolescents had suicidal thoughts. In group of non-smoked adolescents – 25.6%. There was statistical significant difference (P = 0.0012) between these groups. Among adolescents who drunk alcohol, 28.8% had suicidal thoughts. In the group of non –drinking alcohol adolescents – 27.9%. There was no statistical significant differences (P = 0.88233) between these groups. There were 43.7% adolescents with suicidal thoughts who used legal hights. In the group of non-users of legal hights, 26.0% adolescents had suicidal thoughts.Adolescents that are using examined stimulants are in the group risk of suicidal thoughts and autodestructive behaviours. Results show the need of psychiatric and psychotherapeutic support that is aiming to prevent suicides and autodestructive behaviours in this group. Screening questionnaires that are assessing the problem of addiction within the adolescent may help to identity persons with suicidal tendencies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Development and assessment of a mobile phone-based intervention to reduce maternal depression and improve child health
Authors: Husain N. , Kiran T. , Fatima B. , Chaudhry I.B. , Saeed Q. , Masood S.N. , Husain M. , Zafar S.N. , Gire N. , Alvi M.H. , Khoja S. , Naeem F. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionPostnatal depression is known to cause disability and suffering in women and negative consequences both for their infants and their families, with huge costs globally. Several studies from low and middle income countries (LAMIC) have demonstrated that effectively delivered psychological interventions are cost effective for improving maternal and child health, but access to these interventions is limited in both the low and high income countries.ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to develop and test a mobile phone-based intervention (TechMotherCare), which will include components of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and child development related psychoeducation.AimThe aim of the study is to examine the feasibility and acceptability of the TechMotherCare intervention.MethodsA total of 36 participants will be recruited from health centers in Karachi, Pakistan for this 2-arm randomized pilot study. The TechMotherCare App intervention will be based on principles of CBT and learning-through-play (LTP) a parenting intervention and will assess the real-time depressive symptoms of participants and respond, using intelligent real time therapy (iRTT) dependent on symptoms reported by participants.ResultsOutcome assessments will be completed after 3 months (end of intervention). In-depth qualitative interviews will also be conducted with participants pre- and post-intervention. The trial is ongoing and we will present both the qualitative and quantitative results.ConclusionsThe results of this pilot trial will inform the design of a larger randomised controlled trial using a mobile based technology platform to address the huge treatment gap in LAMICs.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
MindfulSpot: A mindfulness mobile app for people dealing with infertility
Authors: Monteiro B. , Galhardo A. , Cunha M. , Couto M. , Fonseca F. , Carvalho L. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionInfertility is not only a medical condition and its impact in mental health is well established. Although most couples facing fertility problems and the demands of medical treatment are able to adjust, some of them may show psychological difficulties with clinical relevance, such as depression and anxiety. The Mindfulness Based Program for Infertility (MBPI) is a group intervention designed for infertile women and data from its efficacy study revealed impact in depressive symptoms reduction as well as in internal and external shame, entrapment and defeat. Based on the MBPI, a mindfulness app targeting infertile patients was developed – the MindfulSpot.AimsThis study addresses the MindfulSpot development.MethodsThe MindfulSpot is a prototype mobile app, which seeks to offer the chance of practicing mindfulness in a comfortable and accessible way. This app covers informative audio and written texts. The audio contents correspond to mindfulness formal practices and suggestions for informal practice, making possible its use throughout different moments of the day. Beyond the practices mentioned above, users are invited to explore the informative menu, including information on the impact that infertility may have in several aspects of the patients’ lives.ResultsThe efficacy of the MindfulSpot is still under analysis and results are expected to be available soon.ConclusionsThe MindfulSpot was designed as a medium for training mindfulness skills and it includes useful information regarding specific aspects of the emotional impact of infertility. Additionally to its independent use, it may also be used as a support tool of the MBPI.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.