bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Epidemiology and Effect of Sliding Injuries in Major and Minor League Baseball Players
Authors: Camp Christopher L. , Curriero Frank C. , Pollack Keshia M. , Mayer Stephanie W. , Spiker Andrea M. , D’Angelo John , Coleman Struan H. 
Published: May 2017

Background: Although sliding occurs frequently in professional baseball, little is known about the epidemiology and effect of injuries that occur during sliding in this population of elite athletes. Purpose: To describe the incidence and characteristics of sliding injuries, determine their effect in terms of time out of play, and identify common injury patterns that may represent appropriate targets for injury prevention programs in the future. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiologic study. Methods: All offensive sliding injuries occurring in Major League Baseball (MLB) and Minor League Baseball (MLB) that resulted in time out of play during a span of 5 seasons (2011-2015) were identified. In addition to player demographics, data extracted included time out of play, location on field where injury occurred, level of play, treatment (surgical vs nonsurgical), direction of slide (head vs feet first), body region injured, and diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the distribution of these injuries, and injury rates were calculated per slide. Results: From 2011 to 2015, 1633 injuries occurred as a result of a slide. The total number of days missed per season was 4263. Surgical intervention was required for 134 (8.2%) injuries, and the mean days missed was 66.5 for players treated surgically and 12.3 days for players treated nonoperatively ( P < .001). MLB players were more likely than MiLB players to require surgical intervention (12.3% vs 7.5%, P = .019). Injuries to the hands/fingers represented 25.3% of all injuries and 31.3% of those requiring surgery. Although the majority of injuries occurred at second base (57%), the per-slide injury rate was similar across all bases ( P = .991). The estimated overall frequency of injury in MLB was once per every 336 slides, and the rate of injury for head- and feet-first slides was 1 in 249 and 413 slides, respectively ( P = .119). Conclusion: Injuries occurring while sliding in professional baseball result in a significant amount of time out of play for these elite athletes. Injuries occurring at second base and those occurring to the hands and fingers were most prevalent and may be an appropriate target for future injury prevention programs.
Whistle-blowing process in healthcare: From suspicion to action
Authors: Pohjanoksa Johanna , Stolt Minna , Suhonen Riitta , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Leino-Kilpi Helena 
Published: May 2017

Background: Whistle-blowing is an ethical activity that tries to end wrongdoing. Wrongdoing in healthcare varies from inappropriate behaviour to illegal action. Whistle-blowing can have negative consequences for the whistle-blower, often in the form of bullying or retribution. Despite the wrongdoing and negative tone of whistle-blowing, there is limited literature exploring them in healthcare. Objective: The aim was to describe possible wrongdoing in Finnish healthcare and to examine whistle-blowing processes described on the basis of the existing literature in healthcare as perceived by healthcare professionals. Research design: The study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. The data were collected using the electronic questionnaire Whistle-blowing in Health Care and analysed statistically. Participants and research context: A total of 397 Finnish healthcare professionals participated, 278 of whom had either suspected or observed wrongdoing in healthcare, which established the data for this article. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the University (20/2015). Permission to conduct the study was received according to the organisation’s policies. Findings: Wrongdoing occurs in healthcare, as 96% of the participants had suspected and 94% had observed wrongdoing. Regarding the frequency, wrongdoing was suspected (57%) and observed (52%) more than once a month. Organisation-related wrongdoing was the most common type of wrongdoing (suspected 70%, observed 66%). In total, two whistle-blowing processes were confirmed in healthcare: (1) from suspicion to consequences occurred to 27%, and (2) from observation to consequences occurred to 37% of the participants. Discussion and conclusion: Wrongdoing occurs in healthcare quite frequently. Whistle-blowing processes were described based on the existing literature, but two separate processes were confirmed by the empirical data. More research is needed on wrongdoing and whistle-blowing on it in healthcare.
Comparison of in-clinic point-of-care and reference laboratory total thyroxine immunoassays for diagnosis and post-treatment monitoring of hyperthyroid cats
Authors: Peterson Mark E , Rishniw Mark , Bilbrough Graham E , Cote Kate B 
Published: May 2017

Objectives The Catalyst One Chemistry Analyzer (IDEXX Laboratories) is a point-of-care instrument that can measure total thyroxine (TT4) by immunoassay. The aims of this study were to evaluate the analytic performance of the Catalyst TT4 assay in feline sera and to examine agreement of the Catalyst TT4 results with those measured by immunoassay at a veterinary reference laboratory. Methods Assay precision, reproducibility and linearity were evaluated for the Catalyst TT4 assay. For method comparison, TT4 concentrations in serum samples from 157 cats (127 hyperthyroid, 30 radioiodine-treated cats) were analyzed by both in-clinic and reference laboratory methods. Results The Catalyst TT4 demonstrated good precision and reproducibility (coefficients of variation ⩽8.5%) and excellent linearity in the diagnostic range of 6–150 nmol/l. Differences between the two TT4 methods showed no proportional or fixed bias (Bland–Altman plots) but did demonstrate greater spread of values at higher TT4 concentrations. Statistical analysis of percent differences between methods indicated 95% limits of agreement of ± 30%. When serum TT4 concentrations were classified as low, high or within the reference interval (12–50 nmol/l) for each assay, there was strong agreement (96.8%) in classification between methods. Conclusions and relevance The Catalyst TT4 assay provided precise serum TT4 concentrations in the 157 samples analyzed, which agreed well with results provided by a reference laboratory. Cats with Catalyst TT4 concentrations near decision thresholds (eg, normal vs high) should either have TT4 concentration repeated a few weeks later and/or undergo further testing (eg, free T4, serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid scintigraphy) to determine thyroid status.
Medical training for police officers in specialist role (D13): A retrospective review of patient report forms from 2010–2015
Authors: Hartley FL , Howells A , Thurgood A , Hall FJ , Porter KM 
Published: May 2017

Introduction D13 is a nationally agreed bespoke medical training package for specialist firearms police officers introduced in 2010. Patient report forms are completed after every episode of care provision. Methods A review of patient report forms submitted by police firearms officers in five regions of England over the five years since the introduction of D13. Results Officers attended a large range of incidents, both traumatic and medical, minor and life critical. The majority (69.5%) were responded to as part of a normal police response, while 30.5% of cases were due to primary firearm deployments. Catastrophic haemorrhage was dealt with in 8.1% of cases including the use of haemostatic dressings and tourniquet application. Airway interventions were required in 36.1% of patients and 50.4% required interventions for external bleeding. Discussion From a background of a minimum of 18 h for Standard and 24 h for Enhanced courses and with regular simulation refreshers, specialist police officers, who are part of a robust clinical governance process, play an important role in providing immediate medical care in non-permissive or dangerous environments where ambulance personnel will not be present and when the officers are frequently first on scene.
Prevalence of anemia and its influence on hospital readmissions and emergency department visits in outpatients with heart failure
Authors: Son Youn-Jung , Kim Bo Hwan 
Published: May 2017

Background: Anemia is a frequent comorbidity in patients with heart failure. However, the incidence of anemia in patients with heart failure varies widely, and there is limited evidence on the association between anemia and rehospitalization and on the health consequences of anemia in patients with heart failure. Aims: We aimed to identify the prevalence of anemia and its influence on hospital readmissions and emergency department visits in outpatients with heart failure. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 284 patients with heart failure diagnosed at outpatient cardiology clinics at a tertiary care university hospital in Cheonan, South Korea. We obtained socio-demographic and clinical information, including frequency of readmissions and emergency department visits, using face-to-face interviews and medical record reviews. Results: The prevalence of anemia, defined based on World Health Organization guidelines, was 39.1% among patients with heart failure. Anemia was significantly more prevalent among patients with one or more re-admissions or emergency department visits compared with patients with no history of hospital re-admissions or emergency department visits (42.7% vs. 13.9% ( p = 0.001) and 55.1% vs. 34% ( p = 0.002) respectively). Anemia increased the risk of hospital readmission (odds ratio =8.04, 95% confidence interval, 2.19–29.54) and emergency department visit (odds ratio=2.37, 95% confidence interval, 1.22–4.60) in patients with heart failure. Conclusion: It is imperative that patients with heart failure presenting with anemia undergo appropriate nursing assessment and intervention. Future prospective studies targeting interventions to improve anemia are required to determine whether anemia influences readmission rates and emergency department visits.
Physicians’ perceptions towards brand medicine and its effect on prescribing: A narrative review
Authors: Murshid Mohsen Ali , Mohaidin Zurina 
Published: May 2017

Objective The purpose of this paper is to examine existing literature on physicians’ perceptions towards brand medicines, to examine the extent to which brands influence drug prescription and whether pharmaceutical industry influences the prescription of brands, as well as to examine the loyalty of physicians to a brand when prescribing drugs or willingness to switch to generic drugs. Methods Related articles published in different online databases from 2000 to 2017 were surveyed; 38 scientific articles indexed in Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed were selected for review. Articles focused on physicians’ perceptions towards brand drugs and its effect on prescribing were extracted. The experimental design and quantitative and qualitative methods used in the studies were analyzed. The deductions made in each study were examined in tandem with the objective of the review. Findings The studies showed that physicians from high-income countries are inclined to prescribe generic drugs more than brand, whereas those from low-income countries heavily prescribe the brand drugs. The studies also revealed that brand influences the prescribing behavior of physicians. Five studies reported that marketing endeavors encourage the physicians to prescribe brand medicines, while three studies stated that physicians have a high loyalty toward brand medicines irrespective of country’s income. Other studies provided evidence that physicians are disposed to switching from brand to generic medicines under certain conditions. Marked differences in the prescribing generic drugs use by physicians among different age were observed. General physicians and pediatrics were more likely to suggest switching from the brand to generic drugs. The majority of physicians were familiar with biosimilars drugs. Conclusion Generally, the studies showed that physicians tend to have mixed views regarding prescribing brand medicines. The perceptions of physicians towards the brand drugs were found to differ in relation to the nature of healthcare system and level of development.
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Nigerian (IGBO) version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (I-DASH)
Authors: Ibikunle PO , Odole AC , Akosile CO , Ezeakunne AC 
Published: May 2017

Introduction The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire is a self-administered region-specific outcome questionnaire developed to measure upper extremity disability and symptoms. The aim of this study was to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Igbo version of the DASH in order to enhance its use in the Igbo-speaking population. Method This cross-sectional survey involved 100 participants (56 males, 44 females) with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders, in the South-Eastern part of Nigeria. Participants completed both English and Igbo versions of the DASH on two occasions. Internal consistency was evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha. Test–retest reliability was analysed by intraclass coefficient (ICC) and the Bland and Altman method. Construct validity was investigated with the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, and a principal component analysis was performed. Alpha was set at 0.05. Results Test–retest reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.99). The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was high (0.979) for the entire items on the scale. There was a significant strong correlation (r = 0.994; p = 0.001) between the scores obtained on the English and Igbo versions of the DASH indicating excellent construct validity. Thirty linear components were identified within the data set. The communalities were above 0.4. Conclusion Principal component analysis of the Igbo DASH revealed a two-factor structure, having fulfilled all necessary conditions. The Igbo version of the DASH questionnaire is a valid and reliable outcome measure for individuals with upper extremity musculoskeletal disabilities.
Monitoring Pressure Augmentation in Patients With Ischemic Penumbra Using Continuous Electroencephalogram: Three Cases and a Review of the Literature
Authors: Newey Christopher R. , Gupta Vikas , Ardelt Agnieszka A. 
Published: May 2017

Background: Continuous electroencephalography (CEEG) is a sensitive, noninvasive surrogate monitor of cerebral blood flow (CBF). Changes in CBF can be seen as changes in the frequencies on the CEEG. This case series suggests that increase in CEEG frequencies may be used to detect improved CBF following pressure augmentation such as with treatment of vasospasm from subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) or acute thrombosis from ischemic stroke. The application of this observation to clinical decision-making has not been clearly defined and requires further study. Methods: Case series and imaging. Results: We present 3 patients with ischemic penumbras either from vasospasm from SAH or thrombosis from acute ischemic stroke. All patients were monitored on CEEG and found to have lateralized slowing. During pressure augmentation, the lateralized slowing improved in frequency, which corresponded with improvement in the patients’ neurological examinations. Conclusion: Continuous electroencephalography may be used as a noninvasive monitor to allow for individualization of pressure augmentation in cases of vasospasm from SAH or in cases of acute ischemic strokes. This customized approach may allow for less morbidity associated with pressure augmentation in patients who otherwise may have dysfunction of their intracerebral autoregulation.
Using Care Bundles to Improve Surgical Outcomes and Reduce Variation in Care for Fragility Hip Fracture Patients
Authors: Bandara Stephanie , Lynch Genni , Cooke Cameron , Varghese Paul , Ward Nicola 
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Fragility hip fractures constitute a large proportion of orthogeriatric admissions to orthopedic wards. This study looked at reducing variation in care in fragility hip fracture patients using a novel approach with care bundles. The care bundle comprises 5 elements targeted at providing adequate analgesia, early mobilization, improving recognition of delirium, and decreasing rates of urinary infections. Methods: A total of 198 patients who sustained a fragility hip fracture during the intervention period were included in the study. The primary outcome measure was compliance in applying the bundle to the study population, and secondary outcome measures were in-hospital mortality, acute length of stay, delirium and duration of delirium, and urinary tract infections. Results: During the 12-month intervention period, compliance to the bundle of care was 47% (n = 92) based on the “all-or-none” approach. This was 28% higher than the preintervention rate. Overall, there was an increased rate of compliance across all individual elements of the bundle in the intervention group when compared to the preintervention group ( P = .01). The most significant clinical result was a 10.5% reduction in “in-hospital mortality” in the intervention group ( P < .001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the implementation of specific care bundle in patients with fragility hip fracture significantly reduces variation in care.
Platelet microparticles infiltrating solid tumors transfer miRNAs that suppress tumor growth
Authors: Michael James V. , Wurtzel Jeremy G. T. , Mao Guang Fen , Rao A. Koneti , Kolpakov Mikhail A. , Sabri Abdelkarim , Hoffman Nicholas E. , Rajan Sudarsan , Tomar Dhanendra , Madesh Muniswamy , Nieman Marvin T. , Yu Johnny , Edelstein Leonard C. , Rowley Jesse W. , Weyrich Andrew S. , Goldfinger Lawrence E. 
Published: May 2017

Key Points
Platelet MPs infiltrate solid tumors and transfer platelet-derived miRNAs to tumor cells within solid tumors in vivo. Transfer of platelet miRNAs to tumor cells results in downregulation of tumor cell genes and inhibition of solid tumor growth.
CD70 reverse signaling enhances NK cell function and immunosurveillance in CD27-expressing B-cell malignancies
Authors: Al Sayed Mohamad F. , Ruckstuhl Carla A. , Hilmenyuk Tamara , Claus Christina , Bourquin Jean-Pierre , Bornhauser Beat C. , Radpour Ramin , Riether Carsten , Ochsenbein Adrian F. 
Published: May 2017

Key PointsCD27 expression on malignant B cells triggers CD70 reverse signaling in NK cells and improves lymphoma immunosurveillance. CD70 reverse signaling in NK cells is mediated via the AKT signaling pathway and enhances survival and effector function.
JAK2 inhibitors for myeloproliferative neoplasms: what is next?
Authors: Bose Prithviraj , Verstovsek Srdan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Since its approval in 2011, the Janus kinase 1/2 (JAK1/2) inhibitor ruxolitinib has evolved to become the centerpiece of therapy for myelofibrosis (MF), and its use in patients with hydroxyurea resistant or intolerant polycythemia vera (PV) is steadily increasing. Several other JAK2 inhibitors have entered clinical testing, but none have been approved and many have been discontinued. Importantly, the activity of these agents is not restricted to patients with JAK2 V617F or exon 12 mutations. Although JAK2 inhibitors provide substantial clinical benefit, their disease-modifying activity is limited, and rational combinations with other targeted agents are needed, particularly in MF, in which survival is short. Many such combinations are being explored, as are other novel agents, some of which could successfully be combined with JAK2 inhibitors in the future. In addition, new JAK2 inhibitors with the potential for less myelosuppression continue to be investigated. Given the proven safety and efficacy of ruxolitinib, it is likely that ruxolitinib-based combinations will be a major way forward in drug development for MF. If approved, less myelosuppressive JAK2 inhibitors such as pacritinib or NS-018 could prove to be very useful additions to the therapeutic armamentarium in MF. In PV, inhibitors of histone deacetylases and human double minute 2 have activity, but their role, if any, in the future treatment algorithm is uncertain, given the availability of ruxolitinib and renewed interest in interferons. Ruxolitinib is in late-phase clinical trials in essential thrombocythemia, in which it could fill an important void for patients with troublesome symptoms.
Incidence of non-pulmonary cancer and lung cancer by amount of emphysema and airway wall thickness: a community-based cohort
Authors: Aamli Gagnat Ane , Gjerdevik Miriam , Gallefoss Frode , Coxson Harvey O. , Gulsvik Amund , Bakke Per 
Published: May 2017

There is limited knowledge about the prognostic value of quantitative computed tomography (CT) measures of emphysema and airway wall thickness in cancer.The aim of this study was to investigate if using CT to quantitatively assess the amount of emphysema and airway wall thickness independently predicts the subsequent incidence of non-pulmonary cancer and lung cancer.In the GenKOLS study of 2003–2005, 947 ever-smokers performed spirometry and underwent CT examination. The main predictors were the amount of emphysema measured by the percentage of low attenuation areas (%LAA) on CT and standardised measures of airway wall thickness (AWT-PI10). Cancer data from 2003–2013 were obtained from the Norwegian Cancer Register. The hazard ratio associated with emphysema and airway wall thickness was assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression for cancer diagnoses.During 10 years of follow-up, non-pulmonary cancer was diagnosed in 11% of the subjects with LAA <3%, in 19% of subjects with LAA 3–10%, and in 17% of subjects with LAA ≥10%. Corresponding numbers for lung cancer were 2%, 3% and 11%, respectively. After adjustment, the baseline amount of emphysema remained a significant predictor of the incidence of non-pulmonary cancer and lung cancer. Airway wall thickness did not predict cancer independently.This study offers a strong argument that emphysema is an independent risk factor for both non-pulmonary cancer and lung cancer.