bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the evening time exosphere of Mars: Result from MENCA aboard Mars Orbiter Mission
Authors: Bhardwaj Anil , Thampi Smitha V. , Das Tirtha Pratim , Dhanya M. B. , Naik Neha , Vajja Dinakar Prasad , Pradeepkumar P. , Sreelatha P. , Supriya G. , K. Abhishek J. , Mohankumar S. V. , Thampi R. Satheesh , Yadav Vipin K. , Sundar B. , Nandi Amarnath , Padmanabhan G. Padma , Aliyas A. V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyser (MENCA) aboard the Indian Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) is a quadrupole mass spectrometer which provides in situ measurement of the composition of the low‐latitude Martian neutral exosphere. The altitude profiles of the three major constituents, i.e., amu 44 (CO2), amu 28 (N2 + CO), and amu 16 (O) in the Martian exosphere during evening (close to sunset terminator) hours are reported using MENCA observations from four orbits of MOM during late December 2014, when MOM's periapsis altitude was the lowest. The altitude range of the observation encompasses the diffusively separated region much above the well‐mixed atmosphere. The transition from CO2 to O‐dominated region is observed near 270 km. The mean exospheric temperature derived using these three mass numbers is 271 ± 5 K. These first observations corresponding to the Martian evening hours would help to provide constraints to the thermal escape models.
Ongoing deformation of Antarctica following recent Great Earthquakes
Authors: King Matt A. , Santamaría‐Gómez Alvaro 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAntarctica's secular motion is thought to be almost everywhere governed by horizontal rigid plate rotation plus three‐dimensional deformations due to past and present changes in ice ocean loading, known as glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). We use geodetic data to investigate deformation following the 1998 M ~8.2 Antarctic intraplate Earthquake and show sustained three‐dimensional deformation along East Antarctica's coastline, 600 km from the rupture location. Using a model of viscoelastic deformation, we are able to match observed northward velocity changes, and either east or height, but not all three directions simultaneously, apparently partly due to lateral variations in mantle rheology. Our modeling predicts that much of Antarctica may still be deforming, with further deformation possible from the 2004 M 8 Macquarie Ridge Earthquake. This previously unconsidered mode of Antarctic deformation affects geodetic estimates of plate motion and GIA; its viscous nature raises the prospect of further present‐day deformation due to earlier Great Earthquakes.
Short term precursors of Strombolian explosions at Yasur volcano (Vanuatu)
Authors: Battaglia Jean , Métaxian Jean‐Philippe , Garaebiti Esline 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe seismic wavefield associated with Strombolian activity is usually dominated by explosion quakes (EQs), tremor, and various signals generated by surface phenomena. Looking at the seismicity recorded at Yasur volcano in 2008, we found that beside the transient events which occur simultaneously with surface explosions, the seismicity includes events related to a deeper process. These long period (LP) events form a family of similar events located below the southeastern part of the crater rim at a depth of about 700–1200 m below the summit. They are commonly followed by EQs with a variable delay. The examination of about 20,000 LP‐EQ sequences at several stations near the summit shows that interevent delays follow distributions peaked around 11–12 s. This short delay compared to the relatively great source depth of the LPs favors a causal relationship linked to pressure transfer rather than gas slug propagation after nucleation at the LP source.
Crustal strain partitioning and the associated earthquake hazard in the eastern Sunda‐Banda Arc
Authors: Koulali A. , Susilo S. , McClusky S. , Meilano I. , Cummins P. , Tregoning P. , Lister G. , Efendi J. , Syafi'i M. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe use Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of surface deformation to show that the convergence between the Australian Plate and Sunda Block in eastern Indonesia is partitioned between the megathrust and a continuous zone of back‐arc thrusting extending 2000 km from east Java to north of Timor. Although deformation in this back‐arc region has been reported previously, its extent and the mechanism of convergence partitioning have hitherto been conjectural. GPS observations establish that partitioning occurs via a combination of anticlockwise rotation of an arc segment called the Sumba Block, and left‐lateral movement along a major NE‐SW strike‐slip fault west of Timor. We also identify a westward extension of the back‐arc thrust for 300 km onshore into East Java, accommodating slip of ∼6 mm/yr. These results highlight a major new seismic threat for East Java and draw attention to the pronounced seismic and tsunami threat to Bali, Lombok, Nusa Tenggara, and other coasts along the Flores Sea.
Seasonality of submesoscale flows in the ocean surface boundary layer
Authors: Buckingham Christian E. , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Thompson Andrew F. , Brannigan Liam , Lazar Ayah , Marshall David P. , George Nurser A. J. , Damerell Gillian , Heywood Karen J. , Belcher Stephen E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA signature of submesoscale flows in the upper ocean is skewness in the distribution of relative vorticity. Expected to result for high Rossby number flows, such skewness has implications for mixing, dissipation, and stratification within the upper ocean. An array of moorings deployed in the Northeast Atlantic for 1 year as part of the experiment of the Ocean Surface Mixing, Ocean Submesoscale Interaction Study (OSMOSIS) reveals that relative vorticity is positively skewed during winter even though the scale of the Rossby number is less than 0.5. Furthermore, this skewness is reduced to zero during spring and autumn. There is also evidence of modest seasonal variations in the gradient Rossby number. The proposed mechanism by which relative vorticity is skewed is that the ratio of lateral to vertical buoyancy gradients, as summarized by the inverse gradient Richardson number, restricts its range during winter but less so at other times of the year. These results support recent observations and model simulations suggesting that the upper ocean is host to a seasonal cycle in submesoscale turbulence.
PAMELA's measurements of geomagnetic cutoff variations during the 14 December 2006 storm
Authors: Adriani O. , Barbarino G. C. , Bazilevskaya G. A. , Bellotti R. , Boezio M. , Bogomolov E. A. , Bongi M. , Bonvicini V. , Bottai S. , Bruno A. , Cafagna F. , Campana D. , Carlson P. , Casolino M. , Castellini G. , De Donato C. , de Nolfo G. A. , De Santis C. , De Simone N. , Di Felice V. , Galper A. M. , Karelin A. V. , Koldashov S. V. , Koldobskiy S. , Krutkov S. Y. , Kvashnin A. N. , Leonov A. , Malakhov V. , Marcelli L. , Martucci M. , Mayorov A. G. , Menn W. , Mergé M. , Mikhailov V. V. , Mocchiutti E. , Monaco A. , Mori N. , Munini R. , Osteria G. , Palma F. , Panico B. , Papini P. , Pearce M. , Picozza P. , Ricci M. , Ricciarini S. B. , Sarkar R. , Scotti V. , Simon M. , Sparvoli R. , Spillantini P. , Stozhkov Y. I. , Vacchi A. , Vannuccini E. , Vasilyev G. I. , Voronov S. A. , Yurkin Y. T. , Zampa G. , Zampa N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractData from the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light‐nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA) satellite experiment were used to measure the geomagnetic cutoff for high‐energy (≳ 80MeV) protons during the 14 December 2006 geomagnetic storm. The variations of the cutoff latitude as a function of rigidity were studied on relatively short timescales, corresponding to spacecraft orbital periods (∼94 min). Estimated cutoff values were compared with those obtained by means of a trajectory‐tracing approach based on a dynamical empirical modeling of the Earth's magnetosphere. We found significant variations in the cutoff latitude, with a maximum suppression of ∼7° at lowest rigidities during the main phase of the storm. The observed reduction in the geomagnetic shielding and its temporal evolution were related to the changes in the magnetospheric configuration, investigating the role of interplanetary magnetic field, solar wind, and geomagnetic parameters. PAMELA's results represent the first direct measurement of geomagnetic cutoffs for protons with kinetic energies in the sub‐GeV and GeV region.
A Hofmann Rearrangement–Ring Expansion Cascade for the Synthesis of 1‐Pyrrolines: Application to the Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolinium Salts
Authors: Huang He , Yang Qinghua , Zhang Qianqian , Wu Jie , Liu Yizhen , Song Chuanjun , Chang Junbiao 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTreatment of cyclobutanecarboxamide with bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobenzene, PhI(OCOCF3)2, resulted in the formation of 1‐pyrroline via Hofmann rearrangement of the former followed by in situ ring expansion reaction of the cyclobutylamine intermediate. Further elaboration of this methodology to the synthesis of 2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolinium salts has also been described.magnified image
Genetic determinants of cardiometabolic risk factors in rural families in Brazil
Authors: Pena Geórgia G. , Martinez‐Perez Angel , Dutra Míriam Santos , Gazzinelli Andrea , Corrêa‐Oliveira Rodrigo , Soria José M. , Velasquez‐Melendez Gustavo 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to estimate the heritability of genetic and environmental correlations between cardiometabolic risk factors in extended pedigrees.MethodsThe Jequitinhonha Community Family Study Cohort (JCFSC) consists of individuals aged ≥18 years living in rural villages. Family pedigrees were constructed of the cohort. The following data were collected: demographic and socioeconomic status, lifestyle variables, anthropometrics, and lipid traits.ResultsThe JCFSC consists of 931 individuals distributed into 69 pedigrees with 4,907 members in total. The heritabilities were 0.47 for total cholesterol (TC), 0.44 for triglycerides (TG) and 0.42 for high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), 0.49 for metabolic syndrome, approximately 0.60 for anthropometric traits and 0.30 for blood pressure/hypertension. Significant genetic correlations (ρg) were found mainly between TG and TC (ρg = 0.58) and hypertension and TG (ρg = 0.52). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was correlated with TG (ρg = 0.39) and HDLc (ρg = −0.30). Diastolic blood pressures correlated with TG (ρg=0.56) and TC (ρg=0.30). Genetic correlations were also found between anthropometric traits, including: body mass index (BMI) and TG (ρg=0.34), waist circumference (WC) and TG (ρg=0.42), and WC and HDLc (ρg=‐0.33). Household effects were found for HDLc (c2= 0.19), SBP (c2 = 0.14) and Hypertension (c2= 0.14).ConclusionsTo some phenotypes, including lipids, hypertension, blood pressure, and anthropometric traits, genetic contribution is important in the determination of cardiometabolic risk factors. This study provides a foundation for future studies. These will mainly focus on rare variants that could describe the genetic mechanisms influencing cardiometabolic risk. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:619–626, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Descriptive analysis and comparison of two French occupational exposure databases: COLCHIC and SCOLA
Authors: Mater Gautier , Paris Christophe , Lavoué Jérôme 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundSeveral countries have built databases of occupational hygiene measurements. In France, COLCHIC and SCOLA co‐exist, started in 1987 and 2007, respectively.MethodsA descriptive comparison of the content of the two databases was carried out during the period 1987–2012, including variables, workplaces and agents, as well as exposure levels.ResultsCOLCHIC and SCOLA contain, respectively, 841,682 (670 chemicals) and 152,486 records (70). They cover similar industries and occupations, and contain the same ancillary information. Across 17 common agents with >500 samples, the ratio of the median concentration in COLCHIC to the median concentration in SCOLA was 3.45 [1.03–14.3] during 2007–2012. This pattern remained when stratified by industry, task, and occupation, but was attenuated when restricted to similar sampling duration.ConclusionsCOLCHIC and SCOLA represent a considerable source of information, but result from different purposes (prevention, regulatory). Potential differences due to strategies should evaluated when interpreting data from these databases. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:379–391, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Benzoxazole and Benzothiazole Synthesis from Carboxylic Acids in Solution and on Resin by Using Ethyl 2‐Cyano‐2‐(2‐nitrobenzenesulfonyloxyimino)acetate and para‐Toluenesulfonic Acid
Authors: Dev Dharm , Chandra Jyoti , Palakurthy Nani Babu , Thalluri Kishore , Kalita Tapasi , Mandal Bhubaneswar 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA metal‐free and catalytic method for the synthesis of 2‐substituted benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles from N‐protected amino acids and carboxylic acids is described. The synthesis of benzoxazole on a solid support is demonstrated by the synthesis of benzoxazole attached to a human islet amyloid polypeptide, hIAPP22–27, fragment and benzoxazole derivatives of the side chain of aspartic acid on a modified fragment of Aβ18−21 (amyloid β) peptide. The reactions proceeded through a two‐step mechanism. The coupling step is realized with a relatively new reagent, ethyl 2‐cyano‐2‐(2‐nitrobenzenesulfonyloxyimino)acetate (ortho‐NosylOXY), and the cyclization step takes place thanks to an inexpensive organocatalyst, para‐toluenesulfonic acid, under microwave irradiation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the complete synthesis of benzoxazole derivatives of a polypeptide on a resin solid support.
Synthesis of Dinitrogen‐Fused Spirocyclic Heterocycles via Organocatalytic 1,3‐dipolar Cycloaddition of 2‐Arylidene‐1,3‐indandiones and an Azomethine Imine
Authors: Duan Jindian , Cheng Jing , Cheng Yuyu , Li Pengfei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn efficient 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of 2‐arylidene‐1,3‐indandiones with an azomethine imine has been developed to furnish spiroindane‐1,3‐dione‐pyrazolidinones in generally good to high yields with excellent diastereoselectivity under mild conditions.
Dominance relationships in male Nepal gray langurs (Semnopithecus schistaceus)
Authors: Perlman Rachel F. , Borries Carola , Koenig Andreas 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesReproductive skew is proposed to link to despotism in dominance hierarchies. While studies illustrating male skew are plentiful, demonstrating the link to despotism is rare. Likewise, it is often unknown which factors (e.g., resource holding potential, age, physical condition) affect a male's dominance rank. Here we investigated correlates of male rank and hierarchy characteristics in Nepal gray langurs (Semnopithecus schistaceus), a population with high male reproductive skew, and compared the results to other multi‐male groups of nonhuman primates.MethodsWe collected dyadic displacement interactions from two groups (mean 3.0 and 4.1 adult males) for five years each. We assessed dominance ranks for demographically stable phases (n =11,n =28) and analyzed the effects of age and physical condition through linear mixed models (LMM). We analyzed hierarchy characteristics via the program MatMan. We used data from 27 primate groups (cercopithecines, colobines, hominoids) as a comparative sample.ResultsThe highest ranks were attained by adults in one group (LMM,P < 0.091) and by young adults in the other group (LMM,P < 0.001). With some exceptions, rank was highest for males with higher physical condition scores (LMM,P < 0.05). Hierarchies had high directional consistency (mean > 0.93) and linearity (mean >0.81) and were relatively steep (mean >0.66) when compared with other species.DiscussionDominance rank followed a pattern predicted by resource holding potential, but other individual attributes and group composition also seemed important. As predicted, hierarchy characteristics indicated a despotic system in line with the strong reproductive skew. Across primates, however, the degree of despotism did not appear to match the degree of reproductive skew. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:208–219, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multicenter prospective longitudinal study of magnetic resonance biomarkers in a large duchenne muscular dystrophy cohort
Authors: Willcocks Rebecca J. , Rooney William D. , Triplett William T. , Forbes Sean C. , Lott Donovan J. , Senesac Claudia R. , Daniels Michael J. , Wang Dah‐Jyuu , Harrington Ann T. , Tennekoon Gihan I. , Russman Barry S. , Finanger Erika L. , Byrne Barry J. , Finkel Richard S. , Walter Glenn A. , Sweeney H. Lee , Vandenborne Krista 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) disease progression in the lower extremity muscles over 12 months using quantitative magnetic resonance (MR) biomarkers, collected across three sites in a large cohort.MethodsA total of 109 ambulatory boys with DMD (8.7 ± 2.0 years; range, 5.0–12.9) completed baseline and 1‐year follow‐up quantitative MR imaging (transverse relaxation time constant; MRI‐T2), MR spectroscopy (fat fraction and 1H2O T2), and 6‐minute walk test (6MWT) measurements. A subset of boys completed additional measurements after 3 or 6 months.ResultsMRI‐T2 and fat fraction increased significantly over 12 months in all age groups, including in 5‐ to 6.9‐year‐old boys. Significant increases in vastus lateralis (VL) fat fraction were observed in 3 and 6 months. Even in boys whose 6MWT performance improved or remained stable over 1 year, significant increases in MRI‐T2 and fat fraction were found. Of all the muscles examined, the VL and biceps femoris long head were the most responsive to disease progression in boys with DMD.InterpretationMR biomarkers are responsive to disease progression in 5‐ to 12.9‐year‐old boys with DMD and able to detect subclinical disease progression in DMD, even within short (3–6 months) time periods. The measured sensitivity of MR biomarkers in this multicenter study may be critically important to future clinical trials, allowing for smaller sample sizes and/or shorter study windows in this fatal rare disease. Ann Neurol 2016;79:535–547
Kontrollierte Faltungs‐, Bewegungs‐ und konstitutionelle Dynamik in polyheterocyclischen molekularen Strängen
Authors: Barboiu Mihail , Stadler Adrian‐Mihail , Lehn Jean‐Marie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAllgemeingültige Gestaltungsprinzipien für polyheterocyclische Stränge und deren definierte molekulare Bewegung wurden entwickelt. Eine durch Effektoren modulierte Formveränderung induziert gezielt eine helikal‐gefaltete oder linear‐ausgedehnte Molekülgestalt. Durch die Koordination an Metallionen werden weitläufige molekulare Bewegungen ausgelöst, die durch den Zusatz konkurrierender Komplexierungsreagentien reversibel gemacht und durch sequenzielle Säure‐Base‐Neutralisation angetrieben werden können. Der Einbau von Hydrazongruppen in die Stränge verleiht die Fähigkeit zur konstitutionellen Dynamik, bei der Stränge mit verschiedenen Zusammensetzungen durch Komponentenaustausch ineinander umgewandelt werden. Diese Eigenschaften sind relevant für die Verwendung als nanomechanische Bauteile. Wir beschreiben die morphologische und funktionelle Analyse solcher in unserem Labor entwickelten Systeme.
Tuning and Erasing Surface Wrinkles by Reversible Visible‐Light‐Induced Photoisomerization
Authors: Zong Chuanyong , Zhao Yan , Ji Haipeng , Han Xue , Xie Jixun , Wang Juanjuan , Cao Yanping , Jiang Shichun , Lu Conghua 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPeriodic wrinkling across different scales has received considerable attention because it not only represents structure failure but also finds wide applications. How to prevent wrinkling or create desired wrinkling patterns is non‐trivial because the dynamic evolution of wrinkles is a highly nonlinear problem. Herein, we report a simple yet powerful method to dynamically tune and/or erase wrinkling patterns with visible light. The light‐induced photoisomerization of azobenzene units in azopolymer films leads to stress release and consequently to the erasure of the wrinkles. The wrinkles in unexposed regions are also affected and oriented perpendicular to the exposed boundary during the stress reorganization. Theoretical models were developed to understand the dynamics of the reversible photoisomerization‐induced wrinkle evolution. This method can be applied for designing functional materials/devices, for example, for the reversible optical writing/erasure of information as demonstrated here.
Double‐Shelled Nanocages with Cobalt Hydroxide Inner Shell and Layered Double Hydroxides Outer Shell as High‐Efficiency Polysulfide Mediator for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Zhang Jintao , Hu Han , Li Zhen , Lou Xiong Wen (David) 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLithium–sulfur (Li‐S) batteries have been considered as a promising candidate for next‐generation electrochemical energy‐storage technologies because of their overwhelming advantages in energy density. Suppression of the polysulfide dissolution while maintaining a high sulfur utilization is the main challenge for Li–S batteries. Here, we have designed and synthesized double‐shelled nanocages with two shells of cobalt hydroxide and layered double hydroxides (CH@LDH) as a conceptually new sulfur host for Li–S batteries. Specifically, the hollow CH@LDH polyhedra with complex shell structures not only maximize the advantages of hollow nanostructures for encapsulating a high content of sulfur (75 wt %), but also provide sufficient self‐functionalized surfaces for chemically bonding with polysulfides to suppress their outward dissolution. When evaluated as cathode material for Li–S batteries, the CH@LDH/S composite shows a significantly improved electrochemical performance.
Structure and properties of poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐methyl acrylate) membranes prepared via thermally induced phase separation
Authors: Han Na , Xiong Juncheng , Chen Sumei , Zhang Xingxiang , Li Yulin , Tan Linli 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPoly(acrylonitrile‐co‐methyl acrylate) [(P(AN‐MA)] microporous membranes were prepared via a thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process by using γ‐butyrolactone (γ‐BA) and glyceryl triacetate (GTA) as the mixed diluent. The purpose of this work is to investigate the effects of the γ‐BA content, P(AN‐MA) concentration, and cooling rate on the structure and properties of P(AN‐MA) membranes. A lacy structure with high connectivity was formed with 50 wt % γ‐BA, and 50 wt % GTA comprising the mixed diluent. With an increase in the γ‐BA content, the pore structure acquires semi‐closed or completely closed cell‐like morphologies. The different phase separation mechanisms greatly influence the mechanical properties of the P(AN‐MA) membranes. P(AN‐MA) membranes with a lacy structure possess better tensile strength than those with semi‐closed or completely closed cell‐like structures. The membrane pore size grows larger when the TIPS process utilizes a higher γ‐BA content and a lower cooling rate. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43444.