bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EVOLUTION OF EDUCATIONAL MARKETING
Authors: Manea Natalia , PURCARU Mihaela 
Published: December 2017

The association of the term ‘educational’ to the term ‘marketing’ generates a specialized domain, by applying methods, politics and marketing strategies in the area of education. Due to the cultural, social and complex role of the education, educational marketing represents a part of the services marketing, the social marketing and the non-profit organizations. By offering mandatory educational services, financed from the state budget, the school units, through their activity, respect the principles of social marketing, regardless of the financial benefits that result from the provision of these services. This article aims to place educational marketing below the conceptual level in the field of service marketing; the reference works in the field of educational marketing are not many, a consequence of the fact that this is a new field.
Ecocritical Echoes in William Wordsworth’s Tintern Abbey
Authors: Bazregarzadeh Elmira 
Published: December 2017

As one of the great Nature poems of Wordsworth, Tintern Abbey (1798) sheds light on the way Nature affects Wordsworth’s memory and enables him to reach mental growth through his philosophical interconnection with it. Through an ecocritical study of Tintern Abbey, the present paper aims to take the clash between the Yale School critics, the New Historicists, and the ecocritics into consideration to show how the contradictory views of the afore-mentioned critics led to a Green reading of the poem in the light of Ecocriticism.
Key Words: Biospheric Egalitarianism, Wordsworthian Displacement, Regional Specificity, Metamorphosis, and Ecocriticism.
Participatory Dark Sky Quality Monitoring from Italy: Interactions Between Awareness Raising and Research
Authors: Giacomelli Andrea , Massetti Luciano , Sabatini Francesco , Maggi Elena 
Published: December 2017

Research on light pollution and its effects developed in Italy through a peculiar path. After originating seminal work in the late Nineties, above all the first world atlas of night sky brightness, the academic system apparently did not leverage this asset to a wider set of studies. In parallel, some activities which are prerequisites to research and analysis, such as measurement campaigns or development of calibration tests, were initiated in a “grassroots mode” by other sectors of society, such as non-governmental associations.
One of the relevant example of this process is the BuioMetria Partecipativa project which was started in 2008 in Italy with the aim of encouraging non-professionals to collect data on light pollution as a strategy for environmental awareness raising. The BMP project conjugates this component with a scientific approach, allowing the collection of valuable quantitative environmental data, using a low-cost device, called Sky Quality Meter (SQM), provided to citizens. The measurements are loaded to a database on the project web site, and are published in a variety of formats.
In 2011 the system was extended to collect data from fixed SQM stations for continuous monitoring, with the development of automated data harvesting procedures and leading to complement the citizen science measures with more high-quality time series of light pollution data.
At the national level, the project obtained considerable recognition, in terms of citizen participation and media coverage. Most interestingly from a research perspective, the project acted as a trigger to initiate light pollution studies by Italian experts, namely in the areas of biometeorology and marine ecology.
The article will review the process which led the authors to escalate their operations from awareness raising to research, and will provide an overview of the models and of the first tests conducted in the context of our research studies.
Characterization of Microsatellite Primers in the Endangered Orchid Phaius australis and Cross‐Amplification to P. bernaysii (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Simmons Catherine L. , Lamont Robert W. , Shapcott Alison 
Published: December 2017

Premise of the study: The swamp orchid, Phaius australis (Orchidaceae), is nationally endangered due to illegal collection and habitat loss and fragmentation, resulting in a disjunct distribution in spring and coastal wetland ecotones along Australia's east coast. Polymorphic microsatellite markers were developed to study genetic diversity and population structure for conservation and restoration purposes.
Methods and Results: Illumina HiSeq high‐throughput sequencing was used to develop 15 nuclear microsatellite markers, including 10 polymorphic markers for P. australis. Polymorphism at each marker was evaluated using 90 individuals from four natural populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to three, and the observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.036 to 0.944 and from 0.035 to 0.611, respectively. These markers transferred successfully to congener P. bernaysii.
Conclusions: The microsatellite markers will be useful for revealing levels of genetic diversity and gene flow for P. australis and may inform future conservation efforts.
Le recours au marché comme processus politique
Authors: Hassenteufel Patrick , de Maillard Jacques 
Published: December 2017

Cet article porte sur la mise en place d’instruments de mimétisme marchands de l’État dans deux secteurs en Angleterre : la santé et la police. Trois aspects sont mis en avant : le recours à des prestataires privés, la mise en concurrence par l’évaluation de la performance et la création d’un marché interne. Leur mise sur agenda, leur adoption et leur mise en œuvre sont analysées lors de la séquence du gouvernement de coalition (2010-2015) en mettant en avant l’importance des processus politiques qui permettent aussi de comprendre les limites du recours aux instruments marchands et les différences inter-sectorielles.
Par le corps et pour l’État : l’ itorero et les techniques réflexives du corps au Rwanda
Authors: Sundberg Molly , Fouéré Marie-Aude 
Published: December 2017

Lorsque le corps des citoyens devient objet d’instruction idéologique, que pouvons-nous en déduire de la relation entre subjectivités politiques et techniques du corps, ou entre la performance corporelle prise sur l’instant et des expériences politiques passées ? Cet article se fonde sur une analyse ethnographique du programme d’éducation civique appelé itorero au Rwanda. En étudiant la participation de quelques citoyens rwandais à ce programme et les expériences qu’ils en tirent, il analyse les forces et les limites du pouvoir de persuasion du gouvernement tel qu’il s’exerce à travers et sur les corps citoyens.
Du « Mess des officiers » à « Haleluya FC » : politiques du corps, pratique sportive et inflexion de l’héritage nationaliste au Burundi
Authors: Manirakiza Désiré 
Published: December 2017

À partir d’une analyse historicisée de la société burundaise, cet article montre comment les lieux d’affrontements politiques dans le pays ont changé. Jadis circonscrit à Bujumbura et ses lieux de prestige comme le « Mess des officiers », le jeu politique se déroule désormais en grande partie dans les villages et dans les espaces sportifs. Cette nouvelle dynamique, fortement critiquée par l’opposition politique, s’appuie sur la réinstauration des travaux de développement communautaire ainsi que sur l’activisme ludosportif des autorités publiques. Si ce dispositif permet au CNDD-FDD, parti au pouvoir, d’occuper efficacement l’espace politique, il est aussi un outil de contrôle des populations, d’équilibre entre les espaces sociaux et de déploiement de nouvelles figures de la représentativité des hommes politiques.
Archéologies sauvages : Freud et Foucault au péril de Kittler
Authors: Ebeling Knut 
Published: December 2017

Au xxe siècle, les avant-gardes intellectuelles furent souvent archéologiques. Archéologie du psychisme chez Freud, du discours chez Foucault ou enfin des médias chez Kittler. Adoptant le point de vue de ce dernier, l’article interroge les continuités et les ruptures entre ces penseurs. Des projets freudien et foucaldien, Kittler fait tout d’abord surgir le refoulé technique avant de les soumettre à une critique historique radicale – Foucault se voyant, en dernier lieu, confier le rôle d’archiviste de l’âge classique. Ayant en effet échoué à poser la question des médias techniques, ce dernier ne pouvait dépasser dans ses analyses le milieu du xixe siècle – ce à quoi l’on répondra à Kittler que puisque Foucault n’a pas dépassé le milieu du xixe siècle, il n’avait pas besoin d’aborder les médias techniques. La question dépasse cependant la simple polémique ; elle engage la définition de l’a priori qui, de « transcendantal » chez Kant était devenu « historique » chez Foucault jusqu’à devenir « média-technique » chez Kittler – au risque de retrouver un statut quasi-transcendental.
Quand Kittler renouvelle la métaphysique
Authors: Déotte Jean-Louis 
Published: December 2017

Kittler livre dans ses Cours berlinois de 1999, les Médias optiques, une remarquable histoire des médias optiques, depuis leur préhistoire (camera obscura, perspective) jusqu’à l’ordinateur qui absorbe les médias intermédiaires comme la lanterne magique, la photographie, le cinéma et la télévision. Il apporte beaucoup s’agissant de domaines très techniques comme la télévision. Il procède selon les principes d’un structuralisme strict, évacuant ainsi les grandes déterminations de la philosophie classique et moderne, en particulier l’opposition entre sujet et objet. Pour autant, toute métaphysique est-elle écartée ? Certes le modèle de la théorie de la communication élaborée par Shannon est radical, mais n’est-il pas tributaire in fine de la théorie aristotélicienne de la forme-matière (hylémorphisme), le contenant (médium) rendant raison du contenu (message) ? Par ailleurs, sa lecture de l’histoire de la technique est positiviste et téléologique, européocentrique, alors qu’il laisse une part importante au hasard dans sa description des inventions. Se référant au premier Foucault, il déclare vouloir donner toute son importance au corps, mais ce dernier est réduit aux deux organes sensoriels essentiels (vision, audition), interprétés à partir de la théorie de l’information. On pourrait dire que ce corps aurait bien besoin d’être innervé (Walter Benjamin) pour rendre compte de l’historicité de la réception, ou qu’une dimension esthétique devrait être mobilisée entre lui et les médias optiques.
Rendre invisible – L’infographie et la fin des Médias optiques
Authors: Montaña Ricardo Cedeño , Vagt Christina 
Published: December 2017

L’article relit la thèse de Kittler selon laquelle l’avènement des médias optiques constituerait la fin des beaux-arts à partir d’un texte contemporain aux Médias optiques. Cours berlinois 1999 : « Infographie. Une introduction semi-technique ». Les auteurs interrogent l’idée selon laquelle les médias optiques trouveraient leur fin dans les procédés algorithmiques de l’infographie, et développent une réflexion sur la surface de l’image et ses dessous techniques. Dans un premier temps, ils examinent la sous-face de l’image à partir de trois problèmes rencontrés par l’infographie à ses débuts. Puis ils explorent les enjeux de l’historiographie kittlérienne des médias optiques et de leur fin présumée dans l’infographie, du point de vue de la philosophie du sujet et de sa disparition. Ces analyses sont l’occasion d’une discussion autour des réflexions de Vilém Flusser sur la techno-imagination ainsi que des travaux de l’artiste contemporaine Hito Steyerl sur les techniques d’invisibilisation.
Genetic diversity study of various β-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from a tertiary care hospital using ERIC-PCR
Authors: Jena Jayanti , Debata Nagen Kumar , Sahoo Rajesh Kumar , Gaur Mahendra , Subudhi Enketeswara 
Published: December 2017

Background & objectives:
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolates producing β-lactamase enzyme is a growing problem across the globe. Strain typing is an epidemiologically important tool not only for detecting the cross transmission of nosocomial pathogens but also for determining the source of infection. The present study was conducted to understand the clonal relationship among various β-lactamase-producing MDR E. coli isolates using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC) polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Methods:
A total of 41 MDR E. coli isolates were randomly collected from various clinical samples and processed. Isolated organisms were tested for antibiotics resistance pattern. Phenotypic detection of metallo β-lactamases (MBL) was carried out by the imipenem-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disc diffusion/double-disc synergy test. AmpC enzyme production was tested by a modified three-dimensional extract test.

Results:
Almost all isolates were found sensitive to colistin. A high percentage of drug resistance was observed in these isolates against ceftazidime (100%), cefotaxime (100%), cefepime (100%), ofloxacin (97.56%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (97.56%) and norfloxacin (85.36%). Of the 41 isolates, ESBL producers were found to be predominant, i.e., 22 (53.65%), followed by AmpC (6, 14.63%) and MBL (5, 12.19%).

Interpretation & conclusions:
At 60 per cent similarity cut-off value, the dendrogram analysis showed that there were a total of 14 unique clusters of ERIC (CL-1 - CL-14) within the 41 E. coli isolates, which revealed the genetic diversity existing between them.
Exploring quinolone resistance-determining region in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from across India
Authors: Sood Seema , Agarwal Madhav , Bala Manju , Mahajan Neeraj , Singh Rajendra , Kapil Arti , Sreenivas Vishnubhatla , Ram R.J. , Kar Hemanta Kumar , Sharma Vinod Kumar 
Published: December 2017

Background & objectives:
Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of gonorrhoea, is a subject of worldwide attention. The present study was undertaken to examine the rates of ciprofloxacin resistance, to correlate mutations in gyrA and parC genes with the level of resistance and to look for a variation in mutation pattern, if any, in isolates from across the country.

Methods:
A total of 113 isolates of N. gonorrhoeae collected from sexually transmitted infection patients in six centres during November 2010 to October 2013 were investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination was done by E-test and results interpreted as per Calibrated Dichotomous Sensitivity criteria. DNA sequence analysis of gyrA and parC genes was done.

Results:
Of the 113 isolates, only three (2.6%) were susceptible whereas eight (7.07%) were less susceptible, 32 [28.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 20.4-37.6%] resistant (MIC 1-3 µg/ml) and 70 (61.9%, 95% CI: 52.2-70.7%) exhibited high-level resistance (HLR) (MIC ≥4 µg/ml) to ciprofloxacin. A S91F substitution in gyrA gene was demonstrated in all ciprofloxacin non-susceptible isolates. All resistant and HLR isolates had a double mutation in gyrA gene. However, only 5.7 per cent of HLR isolates showed double mutations in parC gene. One isolate (MIC 32 µg/ml) had a previously undescribed G85D substitution in the parC gene.

Interpretation & conclusions:
A S91F substitution in gyrA gene was seen in all non-susceptible isolates of N. gonorrhoeae. It may be used as a marker for ciprofloxacin resistance for molecular surveillance approaches to complement the culture-based methods.
Análisis de los estudios de Periodismo y Comunicación en las principales universidades del mundo. Competencias, objetivos y asignaturas
Authors: Tejedor Calvo Santiago , Cervi Laura 
Published: December 2017

El artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio descriptivo que analiza 12 planes de estudios sobre Comunicación y Periodismo de las 8 universidades más prestigiosas del mundo en el ámbito de la Comunicación, según el Índice QS World University. Metodología: Bajo una perspectiva metodológica cuantitativa y cualitativa, el trabajo analiza los objetivos, las competencias, las áreas temáticas, el tipo de asignaturas y la distribución en el currículo académico a partir del estudio de los planes de estudio y de un total de 542 asignaturas. Se identifican buenas prácticas y se señalan tendencias en el diseño curricular de los planes de estudio. Resultados y conclusiones: El estudio permite señalar que las universidades apuestan por planes de estudios con un predominio de asignaturas optativas que garanticen una formación humanista de base para el alumno. El estudiante se convierte en el responsable de definir gran parte de su itinerario formativo.
Emission factors of black carbon and co-pollutants from diesel vehicles in Mexico City
Authors: Zavala Miguel , Molina Luisa T. , Yacovitch Tara I. , Fortner Edward C. , Roscioli Joseph R. , Floerchinger Cody , Herndon Scott C. , Kolb Charles E. , Knighton Walter B. , Paramo Victor Hugo , Zirath Sergio , Mejía José Antonio , Jazcilevich Aron 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Diesel-powered vehicles are intensively used in urban areas for transporting goods and people but can substantially contribute to high emissions of black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), and other gaseous pollutants. Strategies aimed at controlling mobile emissions sources thus have the potential to improve air quality and help mitigate the impacts of air pollutants on climate, ecosystems, and human health. However, in developing countries there are limited data on the BC and OC emission characteristics of diesel-powered vehicles, and thus there are large uncertainties in the estimation of the emission contributions from these sources. We measured BC, OC, and other inorganic components of fine particulate matter (PM), as well as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ethane, acetylene, benzene, toluene, and C2-benzenes under real-world driving conditions for 20 diesel-powered vehicles encompassing multiple emission level technologies in Mexico City with the chasing technique using the Aerodyne mobile laboratory. Average BC emission factors ranged from 0.41–2.48 g kg−1 of fuel depending on vehicle type. The vehicles were also simultaneously measured using the cross-road remote sensing technique to obtain the emission factors of nitrogen oxide (NO), CO, total hydrocarbons, and fine PM, thus allowing for the intercomparison of the results from the two techniques. There is overall good agreement between the two techniques and both can identify high and low emitters, but substantial differences were found in some of the vehicles, probably due to the ability of the chasing technique to capture a larger diversity of driving conditions in comparison to the remote sensing technique. A comparison of the results with the US EPA MOVES2014b model showed that the model underestimates CO, OC, and selected VOC species, whereas there is better agreement for NOx and BC. Larger OC / BC ratios were found in comparison to ratios measured in California using the same technique, further demonstrating the need for using locally obtained diesel-powered vehicle emission factor database in developing countries in order to reduce the uncertainty in the emissions estimates and to improve the evaluation of the effectiveness of emissions reduction measures.
The Holocene sedimentary record of cyanobacterial glycolipids in the Baltic Sea: an evaluation of their application as tracers of past nitrogen fixation
Authors: Sollai Martina , Hopmans Ellen C. , Bale Nicole J. , Mets Anchelique , Warden Lisa , Moros Matthias , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Heterocyst glycolipids (HGs) are lipids exclusively produced by heterocystous dinitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. The Baltic Sea is an ideal environment to study the distribution of HGs and test their potential as biomarkers because of its recurring summer phytoplankton blooms, dominated by a few heterocystous cyanobacterial species of the genera Nodularia and Aphanizomenon. A multi-core and a gravity core from the Gotland Basin were analyzed to determine the abundance and distribution of a suite of selected HGs at a high resolution to investigate the changes in past cyanobacterial communities during the Holocene. The HG distribution of the sediments deposited during the Modern Warm Period (MoWP) was compared with those of cultivated heterocystous cyanobacteria, including those isolated from Baltic Sea waters, revealing high similarity. However, the abundance of HGs dropped substantially with depth, and this may be caused by either a decrease in the occurrence of the cyanobacterial blooms or diagenesis, resulting in partial destruction of the HGs. The record also shows that the HG distribution has remained stable since the Baltic turned into a brackish semi-enclosed basin ∼ 7200 cal. yr BP. This suggests that the heterocystous cyanobacterial species composition remained relatively stable as well. During the earlier freshwater phase of the Baltic (i.e., the Ancylus Lake and Yoldia Sea phases), the distribution of the HGs varied much more than in the subsequent brackish phase, and the absolute abundance of HGs was much lower than during the brackish phase. This suggests that the cyanobacterial community adjusted to the different environmental conditions in the basin. Our results confirm the potential of HGs as a specific biomarker of heterocystous cyanobacteria in paleo-environmental studies.
A case study of aerosol data assimilation with the Community Multi-scale Air Quality Model over the contiguous United States using 3D-Var and optimal interpolation methods
Authors: Tang Youhua , Pagowski Mariusz , Chai Tianfeng , Pan Li , Lee Pius , Baker Barry , Kumar Rajesh , Delle Monache Luca , Tong Daniel , Kim Hyun-Cheol 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. This study applies the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) 3D-Var assimilation tool originally developed by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), to improve surface PM2.5 predictions over the contiguous United States (CONUS) by assimilating aerosol optical depth (AOD) and surface PM2.5 in version 5.1 of the Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. An optimal interpolation (OI) method implemented earlier (Tang et al., 2015) for the CMAQ modeling system is also tested for the same period (July 2011) over the same CONUS. Both GSI and OI methods assimilate surface PM2.5 observations at 00:00, 06:00, 12:00 and 18:00 UTC, and MODIS AOD at 18:00 UTC. The assimilations of observations using both GSI and OI generally help reduce the prediction biases and improve correlation between model predictions and observations. In the GSI experiments, assimilation of surface PM2.5 (particle matter with diameter < 2.5 µm) leads to stronger increments in surface PM2.5 compared to its MODIS AOD assimilation at the 550 nm wavelength. In contrast, we find a stronger OI impact of the MODIS AOD on surface aerosols at 18:00 UTC compared to the surface PM2.5 OI method. GSI produces smoother result and yields overall better correlation coefficient and root mean squared error (RMSE). It should be noted that the 3D-Var and OI methods used here have several big differences besides the data assimilation schemes. For instance, the OI uses relatively big model uncertainties, which helps yield smaller mean biases, but sometimes causes the RMSE to increase. We also examine and discuss the sensitivity of the assimilation experiments' results to the AOD forward operators.