bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
E-Cigarette Use and Intention to Initiate or Quit Smoking Among US Youths
Authors: Park Ji-Yeun , Seo Dong-Chul , Lin Hsien-Chang 
Published: January 2016

Objectives. We assessed whether e-cigarette use is associated with (1) intention to smoke cigarettes among never-smoking youths and youth experimenters, and (2) intention to quit smoking among current youth smokers.Methods. We categorized participants from the 2012 National Youth Tobacco Survey data (n = 20 193) as never-smoking youth (n = 16 238), youth experimenters (n = 3248), and current youth smokers (n = 707). We matched groups on the basis of a propensity score comprising covariates predicting e-cigarette use.Results. E-cigarette users who had never smoked cigarettes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.04, 6.45) and who had experimented with smoking (AOR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.50, 2.64) had elevated intention to smoke cigarettes compared with their counterparts who had never used e-cigarettes. We did not find any significant association between e-cigarette use and intention to quit smoking among current youth smokers (P = .33).Conclusions. E-cigarette use among US youths is associated with intention to smoke but not with intention to quit smoking.
Sexual-Orientation Differences in Positive Youth Development: The Mediational Role of Bullying Victimization
Authors: Coulter Robert W. S. , Herrick A. L. , Friedman M. Reuel , Stall Ron D. 
Published: January 2016

Objectives. To examine sexual-orientation differences in positive youth development, and how bullying victimization mediated these differences in a sample of adolescents. Methods. In 2007 to 2008, positive youth development was measured in 1870 adolescents from US schools and after-school programs in 45 states by using the validated Five Cs model of competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring/compassion. Sexual-minority youths (6.8%) reported having same- or both-gender sexual attractions. Nonattracted youths (4.2%) reported having no sexual attractions. Results. Compared with sexual-minority youths, heterosexual and nonattracted youths had lower odds of being a victim of bullying. Heterosexual and nonattracted youths also had higher average scores in competence, confidence, and connection, but these associations between sexual orientation and positive youth development scores were partly attributable to lack of bullying victimization. Conclusions. Designing, implementing, and evaluating interventions that reduce bullying can give sexual-minority youths access to several building blocks of health and well-being.
Machine Learning as a Reliable Technology for Evaluating Time/Rate Performance of Unconventional Wells
Authors: Fulford David S. , Bowie Braden , Berry Michael E. , Bowen Bo , Turk Derrick W. 
Published: January 2016

Summary
Production-data analysis is a practice fraught with inconsistencies. In the application of any single model, the quantity of answers arrived at by experienced evaluators is often equal to the number of evaluators analyzing the data. The cause of such inconsistency is bias on the part of evaluators. Although the colloquial use of bias typically implies systematic error, in this paper, we define bias as an expression of belief by the evaluator. With the lack of recognition of bias, no means exists with which to gauge its accuracy. A method that requires explicit expression of one's bias in time/rate decline behavior can provide an objective means with which to evaluate it.
In this work, we present a machine-learning method to forecast production in unconventional, liquid-rich shale and gas-shale wells. Methods were developed for probabilistic decline-curve analysis with Markov-chain Monte Carlo simulation (MCMC) as a means to quantify reserves uncertainty, to incorporate prior information (i.e., bias), and to do so quickly. We extend the existing approaches by (a) a modified likelihood-distribution function to improve “learning” of production data, (b) integration of the transient hyperbolic model (THM) to explicitly define the various flow regimes present in unconventional wells, (c) a method for construction of discretized “percentile neighborhood” forecasts, and (d) construction of type wells from an analyzed well population. The accuracy and calibration of the method are demonstrated by an analysis of 136 wells in the Elm Coulee Field of the Bakken. Quantification of change in time/rate behavior caused by completion design, and the inference of physical behavior and properties, is demonstrated with a tight oil play in the Cleveland sand formation of the Anadarko Basin, as well as a shale play in the Wolfcamp formation of the Permian Basin.
We show that this implementation of supervised machine learning, in combination with well-calibrated bias, improves the estimation of uncertainty of the posterior distribution of forecasts. In addition, hindcasts performed at various time intervals result in accurate estimation of mean five-year cumulative production. We observe that the “percentile neighborhood” forecasts are reasonable fits of production data comparable to those that may be created by a human evaluator, and that the type well computed is representative of the decline behavior of the well population upon which it is based. We conclude that, given the speed and accuracy of the process, machine learning is a reliable technology as defined by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and can significantly improve the process of production forecasting by human evaluators for most unconventional wells with consistent trends of production history.
Effect of the GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide on Counterregulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia in Subjects With Insulin-Treated Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Farngren Johan , Persson Margaretha , Ahrén Bo 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
Counterregulatory responses are critical to prevent hypoglycemia in subjects with type 2 diabetes. This is particularly important in insulin-treated patients. This study explored the effect of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on the hormonal counterregulatory responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia when added to basal insulin therapy in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study involving 18 subjects with type 2 diabetes (11 males) with a mean age of 55 years, diabetes duration of 12 years, HbA1c level of 7.7%, fasting blood glucose (FBG) concentration of 9.7 mmol/L, and a BMI of 33 kg/m2, who were treated with basal insulin (mean duration 7 years, daily dose 39 units/day) and metformin (mean daily dose 2.1 g). Subjects received treatment with lixisenatide or placebo for 6 weeks in random order, with a 4-week washout period in between. After 6 weeks of treatment, subjects underwent a two-step hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp at 3.5 and 2.8 mmol/L.

RESULTS
After 6 weeks of treatment, HbA1c and FBG levels were lower after lixisenatide therapy than after placebo therapy. At the hypoglycemic level of 3.5 mmol/L, glucagon and epinephrine levels were significantly lower during lixisenatide treatment than during placebo treatment, whereas at 2.8 mmol/L glucagon and epinephrine levels did not differ between the subjects. Cortisol, pancreatic polypeptide, and norepinephrine levels did not differ significantly between the treatments.

CONCLUSIONS
Glucagon and epinephrine levels are reduced by lixisenatide at a concentration of 3.5 mmol/L, but their counterregulatory responses to deep hypoglycemia at a concentration of 2.8 mmol/L are sustained during treatment with lixisenatide in combination with basal insulin.
Delayed Photo-activation Effects on Mechanical Properties of Dual Cured Resin Cements and Finite Element Analysis of Shrinkage Stresses in Teeth Restored With Ceramic Inlays
Authors: Soares CJ , Bicalho AA , Verissimo C , Soares PBF , Tantbirojn D , Versluis A 
Published: January 2016

SUMMARY
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of delayed photo-activation on elastic modulus, Knoop hardness, and post-gel shrinkage of dual cure resin cements and how this affects residual shrinkage stresses in posterior teeth restored with ceramic inlays.
Methods and Materials: Four self-adhesive (RelyX Unicem, 3M ESPE; GCem, GC; MonoCem, Shofu; and seT, SDI) and two conventional (RelyX ARC, 3M ESPE; and AllCem, FGM) dual cure resin cements for cementing posterior ceramic inlays were tested. Strain gauge and indentation tests were used to measure the post-gel shrinkage (Shr), elastic modulus (E), and Knoop hardness (KHN) when photo-activated immediately and 3 and 5 minutes after placement (n=10). Shr, E, and KHN results were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc tests (α=0.05). The experimentally determined properties were applied in a finite element analysis of a leucite ceramic inlay (Empress CAD, Ivoclar Vivadent) cemented in a premolar. Modified von Mises stresses were evaluated at the occlusal margins and cavity floor.
Results: Shr, E, and KHN varied significantly among the resin cements (p&lt;0.001). Highest overall Shr values were found for RelyX Unicem; GCem had the lowest. Increasing the photo-activation delay decreased Shr significantly. Delayed photo-activation had no effect on E (p=0.556) or KHN (p=0.927). RelyX Unicem had the highest E values; seT and MonoCem had the lowest E values. AllCem and RelyX Unicem had the highest KHN and MonoCem had the lowest KHN. Cements with high Shr and E values caused higher shrinkage stresses. Stresses decreased with delayed photo-activation for all cements.
Conclusions: KHN and E values varied among the different resin cements. Residual shrinkage stress levels decreased with increasing photo-activation delay with all resin cements.
Relationships Between Two Definitions of Fading Memory for Discrete-Time Systems
Authors: Borys Andrzej 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we refer to two definitions of fading memory property, which were published in the literature, for discrete-time circuits and systems. One of these definitions relates to systems working with signals (sequences) defined for both the positive and negative integers, expanding from minus infinity to plus infinity. On the other hand, the second one refers to systems processing sequences defined only for nonnegative integers, that is starting at the discrete-time point equal to zero and expanding to plus infinity. We show here that the second definition follows from the first one. That is they are not independent. Moreover, we also show that if an operator describing a system possesses a fading memory according to the second definition, then its associated operator has this property, too, but in accordance with the first definition.
Noise Characterization of Differential Multi- Element Multiport Networks - the Wave Approach
Authors: Dobrowolski Janusz A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this paper there is presented and discussed a general analysis method for noise characterization of noisy multielement multiport differential networks. It is based on mixed mode, differential and common mode, noise waves representation of noise, generalized mixed-mode scattering parameters and generalized mixed-mode noise wave correlation parameters for the network. There are derived analytical relation between the noise figure for a given output port and the noise matrix and the scattering parameters of the network, as well as the correlations between the input port noise waves. The signal to noise ratio degradation factor is derived and discussed, too. Presented results can be implemented directly in a CAD software for noise analysis of differential microwave multi-element multiport networks with differential as well as with conventional single ended ports.
Connectivity Solutions in Automated Trading
Authors: Popławski Paweł 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The study analyzes the architecture and deployment of direct market access (DMA) solutions for automated trading of securities. It provides an overview of automated trading systems including: trading floor architecture, trading environment connectivity, and DMA solutions. Among a range of factors influencing operational capacities, round-trip latency has been recognized as the key quality differentiator of an automated trading floor. The study identifies potential opportunity costs due to latency levels as a major driver of technological progress in trading in highly liquid market conditions.
Construction and Standardization of Scientific Aptitude Test (SAT) for Secondary School Students-A Pilot Study
Authors: PandiaVadivu P , Sridhar R , Mohan Kumar B 
Published: January 2016

The main objective of the present pilot study was to construct and standardize a Scientific Aptitude Test (SAT) for the secondary school science students (Grade 9 and 10). The test items (30 questions) were prepared by the researchers based on the five important aspects in scientific thinking such as Analogy, Scientific reasoning, Numerical ability, Logical reasoning and Comprehension based questions. A test of multiple choice items were used as a data collection instrument in the six different schools in the selected districts in Tamilnadu, India. The computer based Microsoft excel spreadsheet (2007) was prepared to document the obtained score and the same used for statistical analysis. Through recent method of item analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha values were computed using IBM SPSS software. The reliability coefficients were found 0.874(Spearman-Brown) and 0.672(Guttmann Split-Half). Hence, the present pilot study revealed that the scientific aptitude test for secondary students to ignite their scientific temper and also useful in preparing future competitive examinations.Int. J. Soc. Sci. Manage. Vol-3, issue-1: 17-21
Cancer screening in the United States, 2016: A review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening
Authors: Smith Robert A. , Andrews Kimberly , Brooks Durado , DeSantis Carol E. , Fedewa Stacey A. , Lortet‐Tieulent Joannie , Manassaram‐Baptiste Deana , Brawley Otis W. , Wender Richard C. 
Published: January 2016

Answer questions and earn CME/CNEEach year the American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes a summary of its guidelines for early cancer detection, data and trends in cancer screening rates, and select issues related to cancer screening. In this issue of the journal, we summarize current ACS cancer screening guidelines, including the update of the breast cancer screening guideline, discuss quality issues in colorectal cancer screening and new developments in lung cancer screening, and provide the latest data on utilization of cancer screening from the National Health Interview Survey. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:95–114. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Progeny tested bull production for dairy cattle development in Bangladesh
Authors: Bhuiyan AKFH , Rashid MM , Khan RA , Habib MA , Bhuiyan MSA , Faiz MA 
Published: January 2016

The Department of Livestock Services has been implementing Breed Up-gradation Through Progeny Test" Project since 2003, for selecting dairy breeding bulls based on their progeny performance. This paper describes the procedures followed for setting up field based progeny testing scheme involving private farmers and reports the data of progeny testing in Bangladesh from 2007 to 2013. Until now more than 5000 farmers, having at least one Friesian crossbred cow, were registered under this program in 22 districts of the country. Five Friesian crossbred candidate bulls were evaluated on their estimated breeding values for 100-day milk yields of 199 first calving daughters during 2007 to 2013. Out of five bulls, two bulls were found promising due to their positive breeding values compared to the others. By 2015, 100 day lactation milk yield data from more than 450 daughters of 6 candidate bulls (used in 2009) of the second batch are expected to be available for evaluation, and about 2452 daughters (heifers) of different ages produced out of 29 candidate bulls are available under field recording in different geographical areas of the country. So, proven dairy bull production through field-based progeny testing program in Bangladesh is underway.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44(2): 106-112
Effect of citric acid, herbal feed additive and their combination on the performance of broiler
Authors: Tanzin M , Islam KMS , Debi MR , Islam MR 
Published: January 2016

The experiment was conducted with 108 day old straight-run Hubbard Classic broiler chicks for a period of 35 days to investigate the effects of citric acid, commercial herbal additive (Keqinling) and their combination on growth and carcass traits of broiler. The dietary treatments were control (T0), 0.5% citric acid (T1), 0.2% Keqinling (T2) and combination of 0.5% citric acid +0.2% Keqinling (T3). Final live weight was 1615, 1710, 1707 and 1795g in control, 0.5% citric acid, 0.2% Keqinling and their combination groups respectively. The highest live weight gain (1748g) was found in combination group followed by 0.5% citric acid (1664g), 0.2% Keqinling (1660g), and the lowest (1568g)in control group. The highest feed consumption and feed conversion efficiency was observed in T3 and the lowest in group T0. Significantly (p<0.05) the highest dressed yield (%) was found in 0.5% citric acid group (56.65) than combination (55.73) and Keqinling (55.18) and lowest in control group (54.59). Citric acid reduced the pH of the both feed and faces. The cost of production (Tk/kg broiler) was lowest in citric acid group (Tk. 76.22). Net profit per broiler production was found in 0.5% citric acid group (Tk. 10.03/broiler) followed by combination (Tk. 9.28), Keqinling (Tk. 7.31) and control group (Tk. 6.98) respectively. The addition of 0.5% citric acid and 0.2% Keqinling individually or their combination increase the performance of broiler but citric acid showed better response than Keqinling.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2015. 44 (3):143-150
New records of Trichoceridae (Diptera) from the island of Mallorca ​
Authors: Petrašiūnas Andrius , Kvifte Gunnar 
Published: January 2016

The Trichoceridae are a small family distributed mainly in the Holarctic Region, most of which are associated with cold seasons and even snow. From the Iberian peninsula, 5 species have been recorded; however only a single previous occurence record exists from the Balearic islands.
In this paper we present new records of two species from Mallorca, of which Trichocera (Saltrichocera) saltator (Harris, 1776) has not previously been recorded from the Balearic islands. Trichocera (Saltrichocera) annulata Meigen, 1818 is recorded for the first time from Mallorca. We furthermore discuss the species' distributions within the Mediterranean region and report new morphological data for the Mallorca island form of T. saltator.
A Preliminary Study on the First Selected Translation of The Book of Poetry into French
Authors: JIANG Xiangyan 
Published: January 2016

This article aims to sketch a preliminary analysis of eight poems from The Book of Poetry, translated into French by the French Jesuit Joseph de Premare (1660–1736) in the early 18th century. Premare implanted the doctrines of Christianity in his translation of the eight poems that were selected from the Greater Odes of the Kingdom (大雅), Minor Odes of the Kingdom (小雅) and the Sacrificial Odes of Zhou (周頌), which were analysed from three aspects: firstly, the theme of the eight odes, king and kingship, allude to the Lord; and the first ode Jing Zhi (敬之), meaning to reverence Tian (敬天) by title, refers virtually to reverence God. Secondly, the Christianized translation is especially obvious in the translation of the words Tian (天), Haotian (昊天), and Shangdi (上帝): these were translated as the God in Christianity. Thirdly, even the story of Paradise Lost in the Bible is implanted in the translation of the ode Zhan Yang (瞻卬). This article also clarifies that because of Premare’s translation the image of the wise king Wen (文王) was shaped and became known in Europe.
Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Calretinin and Cytokeratin-19 in Odontogenic Keratocyst and Ameloblastoma: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Pawar Vipul Mohan , Hosalkar Rashmi , Iyer Janaki 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe odontogenic epithelial remnants, i.e. cell rests of Serre and Malassez, are formed from dental lamina and Hertwig's epithelial root sheath respectively, may proliferate and have role in pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts and tumors. Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) is the most common and aggressive cyst of the dental lamina origin. Ameloblastoma, the second most common odontogenic tumor (OT), is a clinically benign and locally invasive polymorphic neoplasia. Differentiation of OKC from ameloblastoma sometimes poses a diagnostic dilemma, thus necessitating the need to differentiate between the two (especially unicystic ameloblastoma and OKC). Calretinin, a calcium binding protein, functions as a calcium buffer and a regulator of apoptosis. Some studies have shown its expression in parakeratinized OKC, unicystic and solid ameloblastoma, but not in other OTs. Calretinin may thus provide a better understanding of the biological behavior and tumorogenesis of ameloblastoma. cytokeratin (CK)-19 is a type I cytokeratin, has been found to be a reliable marker of epithelial differentiation. The intense expression of CK-19 is useful for identification of odontogenic epithelial components, thus suggesting their potential for proliferation to form epithelial odontogenic cysts and tumors. The aim of this study is to evaluate calretinin and Ck-19 in OKC and ameloblastoma. For this retrospective study, 20 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue samples of histopathologically proven OKC and ameloblastoma each, retrieved from the department of oral pathology was used. The results will be evaluated by using immunohistochemical analysis.How to cite this articlePawar VM, Patel S, Pathak J, Swain N, Hosalkar R, Iyer J. Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Calretinin and Cytokeratin-19 in Odontogenic Keratocyst and Ameloblastoma: A Retrospective Study. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(2):98-103.
Probiotics and Oral Health
Authors: Bhaskar Dara John , Kalra Monika , Punia Himanshu , Jinghala Vikas 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Not all the bacteria in the human body are harmful. Some microbes have a beneficial health effects on the host. Such live microbes are known as probiotics. This term ‘probiotic’ is derived from the Greek word meaning ‘for life’. There are claims that probiotics strengthen the immune system to combat allergies, exposure to toxic substances, stress and other diseases. The use of probiotic plays an important aspect in dentistry too ever since the oral infections occupied the prime space among the other infections effecting the humans. Their use in premalignant and malignant oral disorders is yet to be probed. This article will focus on benefits of probiotics for systemic and oral health.

How to cite this article
Kalra M, Bhaskar DJ, Punia H, Singh V, Jinghala V. Probiotics and Oral Health. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(2): 104-106.