bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF 1,5‐DIAZABICYCLO(4.4.0)DECANES
Authors: RICART G. , COUTURIER D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas aus dem Hydroxypentylamin (I) durch Cyanethylierung und Hydrierung hergestellte Hydroxypentyldiamin (IV) und das aus diesem Diamin durch Umsetzung mit Acetaldehyd und weitere Hydrierung gebildete N‐Ethylderivat (VIII) cyclisieren beim Erhitzen mit alkalischem Raney‐Nickel in siedendem Toluol zu Diazabicyclodecanen (V) und (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF HYPOXANTHINE‐GUANINE PHOSPHORIBOSYLTRANSFERASE FOR TESTING AS ANTIPROTOZOAL AGENTS. 1. 7‐SUBSTITUTED 6‐OXOPURINES
Authors: PIPER J. R. , LASETER A. G. , MONTGOMERY J. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAusgehend von dem Chlorid (I) bzw. dem Azid (V) werden die Guanine (IV) und (VII) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF α‐MONOHALOSILANE CARBENOIDS
Authors: VILLIERAS J. , RAMBAUD M. , KIRSCHLEGER B. , TARHOUNI R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstractsek.‐Butyl‐lithium (I) reagiert mit Dihalogenalkylsilanen (II) bzw. (VI) zu den entsprechenden Carbenoiden (III) und (VII), die in guten Ausbeuten erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTITUMOR ACTIVITY OF CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE ANALOGS. 3. PREPARATION, , MOLECULAR STRUCTURE DETERMINATION, AND ANTICANCER SCREENING OF RACEMIC CIS‐ AND TRANS‐4‐PHENYLCYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE
Authors: BOYD V. L. , ZON G. , HIMES V. L. , STALICK J. K. , MIGHELL A. D. , SECOR H. V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung des Ketoesters (I) mit O‐Methylhydroxylaminhydrochlorid (II) ergibt den Oximether (III), der zum Amin (IV) reduziert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF ZIRCONIUM(IV) ISOPROPOXIDE WITH ALIPHATIC AND AROMATIC HYDROXY ESTERS. PART I. FIVE‐, SIX‐, SEVEN‐ AND EIGHT‐COORDINATED ZIRCONIUM(IV) COMPLEXES
Authors: PAL M. , KAPOOR R. N. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reaktionen von Zr‐isopropoxid (I) mit den Hydroxyestern (II) und (IV) in siedendem Benzol werden in verschiedenen molaren Verhältnissen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION, REACTIONS AND SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF SOME NEW ORGANOSILICON AND ORGANOTIN DERIVATIVES OF AMINE‐OXIMES
Authors: KOTHIWAL A. S. , SINGH A. , RAI A. K. , MEHROTHA R. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Umsetzung der Acetophenonoxime (I) mit Trimethylzinnhydroxid oder Trimethylzinnchlorid (II) oder mit dem Isoprope oxystannan (IV) werden die Oximderivate (III) und (V) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: FURTHER EXAMPLES OF DINUCLEAR MOLYBDENUM(II) COMPLEXES CONTAINING NITROGEN LIGANDS
Authors: EDWARDS D. A. , UDEN G. , MIALKI W. S. , WALTON R. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion von (NH4)5 Mo2Cl9 ‐ H2O mit den potentiell brückenbildenden N‐Liganden Pyrazin und 2,6‐Dimethylpyrazin liefert die Komplexe (I) und (II).
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROPOLY MOLYBDATE COMPLEXES OF FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE AND SOME OTHER PHOSPHATE ESTERS
Authors: KATSOULIS D. E. , LAMBRIANIDOU A. N. , POPE M. T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie stöchiometrische Umsetzung von Na‐molybdat mit den Phosphatestern β‐Glycerinphosphat, Riboflavin‐5′‐phosphat, Adenosin‐5′‐monophosphat und Uridin‐5′‐monophosphat bei pH 3‐4 führt zu den als K‐, Cs‐ oder Guanidinium‐Salze isolierten Komplexen (I) (keine Ausb.‐Angabe).
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MONO‐ AND DINUCLEAR COBALOXIME SELENOCYANATE AND THIOCYANATE COMPLEXES CONTAINING PHOSPHINES, ARSINES AND STIBINES
Authors: ARTZ R. S. , BURMEISTER J. L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion der trans‐Komplexe (I) mit Thio‐ oder Selenocyanat führt in hoch dielektrischen Lösungsmitteln wie Methanol zu den einkernigen Komplexen (II), in niedrig dielektrischen Lösungsmitteln dagegen zu den zweikernigen Komplexen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF PYRROLIC COMPOUNDS. PART 45. HAEMATOPORPHYRIN DERIVATIVE: HAEMATOPORPHYRIN DIACETATE AS THE MAIN PRODUCT OF THE REACTION OF HAEMATOPORPHYRIN WITH A MIXTURE OF ACETIC AND SULFURIC ACIDS
Authors: CLEZY P. S. , TON THAT HAI TON THAT HAI , HENDERSON R. W. , LE VAN THUC LE VAN THUC 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHämatoporphyrin (Ib), das durch Hydrolyse des aus käuflichem (Ib) dargestellten Dimethylesters (Ia) in reiner Form gewonnen wird, liefert bei der Behandlung mit Essigsäure/Schwefelsäure ein komplexes Gemisch vonPorphyrinen, ausdem nach Veresterung mit Diazomethan als Hauptkomponente das Diacetat (II) sowie daneben die Verbindungen (III) isoliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 6‐(P‐TOLYL)‐1‐HEPTENE
Authors: VIG O. P. , TREHAN I. R. , KUMAR S. D. , VIG R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Synthese der Titelverbindung (VI), eines Norsesquiterpens aus Senecio digitalifolius, erfolgt ausgehend vom Diester (I), der partiell zum Säureester (II) hydrolysiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ON THE MEMORY OF SYNTHESIZED VINYL POLYMERS FOR THEIR ORIGINS
Authors: DAMEN J. , NECKERS D. C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem geschützten L‐Prolin (Ib) erhält man mit chlormethylierten Styrolen (II) die Ester (III), die mit Styrol (IV) und Divinylbenzolen (V) der Copolymerisation unterworfen werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURAL MODIFICATIONS OF VITAMIN D3. PART 5. 9,10‐SECOCHOLESTA‐(5Z)‐5,8(14),10(19)‐TRIENE‐3β‐OL AND 18‐NOR‐14β‐METHYL‐9,10‐SECOCHOLESTA‐(5E)‐5,10(19),13(17)‐TRIEN‐3β‐OL, TWO NEW DOUBLE BOND ISOMERS OF VITAMIN D3
Authors: REISCHL W. , ZBIRAL E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Einwirkung von BF3 als Etheraddukt auf die Triazindion‐Addukte (I) des Vitamin D3 bewirkt Isomerisierung zu einem Gemisch aus den Verbindungen (II) und (III) mit einer Gesamtausb.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 26,26,26,27,27,27‐HEXAFLUORO‐25‐HYDROXYVITAMIN D3
Authors: KOBAYASHI K. , TAGUCHI T. , KANNMA N. , IKEKAWA N. , OSHIDA J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAus dem Tosylat (Ia) entsteht mit Lithiumbromid das Bromid (Ib), das mit aktiviertem Magnesium und anschließend mit Hexafluoraceton zum Alkohol (II) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF OLIVANIC ACID ANALOGS. PREPARATION OF 7‐OXO‐1‐AZABICYCLO(3.2.0)HEPT‐2‐ENE‐2‐CARBOXYLATES CONTAINING THE 3‐(2‐ACETAMIDOETHENYLTHIO) SIDE CHAIN
Authors: BAXTER A. J. G. , PONSFORD R. J. , SOUTHGATE R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractÜber die Schlüsselverbindungen (VIb) und (IX), von denen (IX) gemäß Formelschema auf 2 Wegen zugänglich ist, werden die Analoga (XIII) des natürlichen Antibioticums MM 13902 (I) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: A STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHETIC ENTRY TO THE PRIMARY PROSTAGLANDINS FROM BUTADIENE. OXY ANIONIC SUBSTITUENT EFFECTS ON (1,5)‐HYDROGEN SIGMATROPY
Authors: PAQUETTE L. A. , CROUSE G. D. , SHARMA A. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Cyclononatrienol (I), das aus Butadien durch Cyclodimerisierung nach bekannten Verfahren zugänglich ist, bildet, anders als bei der thermischen Umlagerung zu (IIa) (Ausb. 20%) und cis,cis‐Cyclononadienon‐(3,7) (80%), in THF mit KH bei Zimmertemperatur ausschließlich den Aldehyd (IIa).
Pancreas‐Specific Delivery of β‐Cell Proliferating Small Molecules
Authors: Hao Xueshi , Jin Qihui , Va Porino , Li Chun , Shen Weijun , Laffitte Bryan , Wu Tom Y.‐H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOur research groups recently described a series of small‐molecule inducers of β‐cell proliferation that could be used to increase β‐cell mass. To mitigate the risk of nonspecific proliferation of other cell types, we devised a delivery strategy built on the tissue specificity observed in the experimental β‐cell imaging agent (+)‐dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ). The β‐cell proliferator agent aminopyrazine (AP) was covalently linked with (+)‐DTBZ to afford conjugates that retain both the proliferation activity and binding affinity for vesicular monoamine transporter‐2 (VMAT2). In vivo mouse tissue distribution studies of a prototypical AP–DTBZ conjugate showed 15‐fold pancreas exposure over plasma. Tissue‐to‐plasma ratios in liver and kidneys were two‐ and five‐fold, respectively. This work is the first demonstration of enhanced delivery of β‐cell‐proliferating molecules to the pancreas by leveraging the intrinsic tissue specificity of a β‐cell imaging agent.
Negative plant‐soil feedbacks increase with plant abundance, and are unchanged by competition
Authors: Maron John L. , Laney Smith Alyssa , Ortega Yvette K. , Pearson Dean E. , Callaway Ragan M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPlant‐soil feedbacks and interspecific competition are ubiquitous interactions that strongly influence the performance of plants. Yet few studies have examined whether the strength of these interactions corresponds with the abundance of plant species in the field, or whether feedbacks and competition interact in ways that either ameliorate or exacerbate their effects in isolation. We sampled soil from two intermountain grassland communities where we also measured the relative abundance of plant species. In greenhouse experiments, we quantified the direction and magnitude of plant‐soil feedbacks for 10 target species that spanned a range of abundances in the field. In soil from both sites, plant‐soil feedbacks were mostly negative, with more abundant species suffering greater negative feedbacks than rare species. In contrast, the average response to competition for each species was unrelated with its abundance in the field. We also determined how competitive response varied among our target species when plants competed in live vs. sterile soil. Interspecific competition reduced plant size, but the strength of this negative effect was unchanged by plant‐soil feedbacks. Finally, when plants competed interspecifically, we asked how conspecific‐trained, heterospecific‐trained, and sterile soil influenced the competitive responses of our target species and how this varied depending on whether target species were abundant or rare in the field. Here, we found that both abundant and rare species were not as harmed by competition when they grew in heterospecific‐trained soil compared to when they grew in conspecific‐cultured soil. Abundant species were also not as harmed by competition when growing in sterile vs. conspecific‐trained soil, but this was not the case for rare species. Our results suggest that abundant plants accrue species‐specific soil pathogens to a greater extent than rare species. Thus, negative feedbacks may be critical for preventing abundant species from becoming even more abundant than rare species.
Dirtying Linen: Re‐evaluating the sustainability of domestic laundry
Authors: Yates Luke , Evans David 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn tackling and negotiating responsibility for anthropogenic climate change, governments and businesses are increasingly concerned with shaping ‘consumer behaviour’, understood broadly as the ways in which people acquire, appropriate and appreciate goods and services. One intervention considered successful in this respect has been that of encouraging the low‐temperature washing of laundry in the UK in the last decade. This paper draws on data from a quantitative survey of laundry practices conducted in Britain in 2013 (N = 1502) in order to situate the intervention, and the phenomenon of low‐temperature washing, in its wider socio‐cultural context. Our starting point is that laundry habits are a useful example of a household practice in which changes in consumer behaviour have occurred, yet which continue to be increasingly environmentally problematic. Our analysis examines the use of washing machines and the temperature at which people do their laundry in detail; however, it also explores the broader processes through which clothing and other items become designated ‘dirty’ and go on to become ‘clean’. We argue that, in contrast to the well‐documented hegemonic position of the washing machine in UK homes, there is much diversity in how households organize the other tasks involved in doing laundry, particularly in separating, sorting and drying, with important implications for energy use. To conclude, we reconsider low‐temperature washing as an intervention, and outline some policy implications of a more thorough understanding of how laundry, and domestic consumption more generally, is currently handled in the UK. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental Policy and Governance published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Elusive Practices: Considerations on limits and possibilities of environmental policy for sustainable consumption
Authors: John René , Jaeger‐Erben Melanie , Rückert‐John Jana 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Earth Summit on Sustainable Development in 1992 brought about a fundamental shift in the mandate of environmental policy. How to protect the environment and nature from citizens was no longer the main issue. Rather, the focus was how to organize majorities among citizens for a collective effort on a societal transformation towards sustainability. The environmental effects of citizens’ everyday routines of consumption came into focus and ways of influencing them were sought. In this paper, one of the strategies German environmental policy employs for observing the everyday consumption of citizens is analyzed. How this approach has evolved during the last decades will be shown, as well as shortcomings of the current approach. Drawing on considerations from theories of social practice, three kinds of reason for these shortcomings are discussed. The first one lies in an ambivalent (or paradoxical) relation of environmental policy‐makers to consumers’ ‘rationality’. The second reason is related to the first and refers to the different horizons of consumers’ everyday practices and practices of environmental policy. The third reason is rooted in the excessive and unrealistic demand on environmental policy that accompanies the sustainability mandate. The paper concludes by suggesting a social innovation‐oriented policy as a way of connecting political goals to actual changes in consumption practices. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Stereoselective P‐Cyclisation and ­Diastereoisomeric Purification of 5‐Phenyl‐3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,3,2‐oxazaphospholidine Formed from a Thermolabile Protecting Group
Authors: Kaczyński Tomasz P. , Manszewski Tomasz , Chmielewski Marcin K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA one‐pot, two‐step synthesis of 5‐phenyl‐3‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)‐1,3,2‐oxazaphospholidine from linear precursor bis(diisopropylamino){2‐[(pyridin‐2‐yl)amino]‐1‐phenylethoxy}phosphine is achieved using a stereoselective intramolecular cyclisation. Application of a pure enantiomer {1‐phenyl‐2‐[(pyridin‐2‐yl)amino]ethanol} enabled partial diastereopurification by crystallisation. For all four diastereoisomers, the absolute configuration of the P‐centre was determined using X‐ray crystallography and correlative 31P NMR data. Stereochemically pure 5a was then used in nucleoside phosphitylation reactions with partial loss of stereopurity by retention of configuration on the phosphorus centre.
Laboratory and computer simulations of reinforced concrete frames with different ductility
Authors: Galanis Panagiotis , Shin Yoon Bong , Moehle Jack P. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryReinforced concrete structures that lack proper seismic detailing commonly have increased vulnerability to collapse during strong earthquake shaking. A major contributor to building collapse vulnerability is the prevalence of columns with widely spaced and poorly configured transverse reinforcement. Such columns are susceptible to shear failures, which can lead to axial failures and local or global building collapse. This study presents a laboratory test program that was designed to gain insight into the effects of column detailing on the dynamic response including collapse of concrete frames. Twelve concrete frames were tested on a shaking table and were subjected to two types of ground motions: one relatively short‐duration motion with strong velocity pulse and one relatively long‐duration motion with multiple cycles. The study also evaluates the effectiveness of modern analytical methods to simulate the nonlinear dynamic response of concrete structures. Two lumped plasticity models employing nonlinear rotational and shear springs at the column ends were used to simulate the collapse response of the tested specimens.The study demonstrates that modern analytical techniques can simulate reliably the nonlinear dynamic response of concrete structures in the post‐yielding stage and can identify the onset of shear failure and collapse of concrete frames. However, in the majority of cases, the analytical models overestimated the effects of damage accumulation, especially for long‐duration motions. Response predictions were improved by adjusting the damage modeling parameters. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seismic performance of a steel moment frame subassembly tested from the onset of damage through collapse
Authors: Del Carpio R. Maikol , Mosqueda Gilberto , Lignos Dimitrios G. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryA series of seismic tests were conducted on a 1½‐bay by 1½‐story special steel moment‐resisting frame subassembly from the onset of damage through incipient collapse. These tests were conducted using hybrid simulation with substructuring as a mean to demonstrate efficient testing methods for system‐level collapse assessment of large‐scale structural subassemblies. The ½‐scale specimen was designed to capture the behavior and interactions of beams, columns, panel zones, and composite floor slab. The experimental test setup permitted the application of lateral as well as varying vertical forces on the test specimen while maintaining realistic boundary conditions on the subassembly. With the overarching objective to advance knowledge on the collapse assessment of frame structures under earthquake loading, this paper focuses on the seismic performance of a steel moment‐resisting frame through collapse. The failure mechanisms of the test frame are described and compared with numerical simulations based on state‐of‐the‐art modeling approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Renewable energy auctions in South Africa outshine feed‐in tariffs
Authors: Eberhard Anton , Kåberger Tomas 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSouth Africa's Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer Procurement Program has run four competitive tenders/auctions since 2011, which have seen US$19 billion in private investment, and electricity prices of wind power falling by 46% and solar PV electricity prices by 71%, in nominal terms. Competitive tenders were introduced after an unsuccessful attempt to implement feed‐in tariffs. The tenders incorporated standard, nonnegotiable contract documents, including 20‐year Power Purchase Agreements and an Implementation Agreement whereby the Government of South Africa back‐stops IPP payments by the national utility, Eskom. All of these projects have reached financial close to date and some are already delivering power to the grid. The financing success has been due in part to the requirements for commercial banks to undertake a thorough due diligence of projects prior to bids being offered. The details of the policy package described may be useful for other policy makers in countries developing policies for renewable energy deployment.
Ensemble Forecasting for Complex Time Series Using Sparse Representation and Neural Networks
Authors: Yu Lean , Zhao Yang , Tang Ling 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBased on the concept of ‘decomposition and ensemble’, a novel ensemble forecasting approach is proposed for complex time series by coupling sparse representation (SR) and feedforward neural network (FNN), i.e. the SR‐based FNN approach. Three main steps are involved: data decomposition via SR, individual forecasting via FNN and ensemble forecasting via a simple addition method. In particular, to capture various coexisting hidden factors, the effective decomposition tool of SR with its unique virtues of flexibility and generalization is introduced to formulate an overcomplete dictionary covering diverse bases, e.g. exponential basis for main trend, Fourier basis for cyclical (and seasonal) features and wavelet basis for transient actions, different from other techniques with a single basis. Using crude oil price (a typical complex time series) as sample data, the empirical study statistically confirms the superiority of the SR‐based FNN method over some other popular forecasting models and similar ensemble models (with other decomposition tools). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic modeling of the CO2 transportation phase and its application to the Duero Basin, Spain
Authors: Llamas Bernardo , Hernández Álvaro , Mazadiego Luis Felipe , Pous Juan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCarbon capture and storage is a viable option to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Although capture and geological storage of CO2 are the major forms of research, CO2 transportation should be also considered in the entire chain. There are still some issues that require a more accurate definition, especially in economic aspects. In this study, we explore concepts such as the uses of a storage structure for a single source with, for instance, an individual transportation line, and the use of a centralized model using a geological structure for several co2 emitters. This model has been applied in a given region of Spain, in order to determine the maximum distance between the sources and the potential areas for storing CO2, using a geographical information system to evaluate the data. Moreover, sensitive analysis was performed in order to provide a better understanding of the economical implications of CO2 transportation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Peripheral inflammation related to lower fMRI activation during a working memory task and resting functional connectivity among older adults: a preliminary study
Authors: Dev Sheena I. , Moore Raeanne C. , Soontornniyomkij Benchawanna , Achim Cristian L. , Jeste Dilip V. , Eyler Lisa T. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivePeripheral inflammation has been associated with adverse effects on cognition and brain structure in late life, a process called ‘inflammaging.’ Identifying biomarkers of preclinical cognitive decline is critical in the development of preventative therapies, and peripheral inflammation may be able to serve as an indicator of cognitive decline. However, little is known regarding the relationship between peripheral inflammation and brain structure and function among older adults.MethodsTwenty−four older adults (mean age = 78) underwent a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting state functional connectivity scan, and a subset (n = 14) completed the n‐Back working memory task in the scanner. All participants completed a blood draw, and inflammation was measured with interleukin 6 (IL‐6) and C‐Reactive Protein (CRP).ResultsSurprisingly, age was unrelated to measures of inflammation (IL‐6, CRP) or brain function (default mode network (DMN) connectivity; working memory performance; blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activation with higher working memory load). However, lower functional connectivity between the left parietal seed and all other DMN regions was associated with higher levels of IL‐6 and CRP. Additionally, greater plasma concentration of IL‐6 was associated with lower BOLD activation in the left middle frontal gyrus in response to increased working memory load.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings support the importance of IL‐6 and CRP in brain function among older adults. Frontal and parietal regions may be particularly sensitive to the effects of inflammation. Additionally, these findings provide preliminary evidence of inflammatory contributions to level of neural activity, even after accounting for vascular risk factors.