bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Painful sex (dyspareunia) in women: prevalence and associated factors in a British population probability survey
Authors: Mitchell KR , Geary R , Graham CA , Datta J , Wellings K , Sonnenberg P , Field N , Nunns D , Bancroft J , Jones KG , Johnson AM , Mercer CH 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of painful sex among women in Britain, and to explore associated sexual, relationship and health factors that should be considered in assessment.DesignMulti‐stage, clustered and stratified population probability sample survey, using computer‐assisted self‐interview. Sample frame was the British Postcode Address File.SettingParticipants interviewed at home between 2010 and 2012.SampleA total of 15 162 adults aged 16–74 years (8869 women). Data reported from 6669 sexually active women.MethodsAge‐adjusted logistic regressions to examine associations between painful sex and indicators of sexual, relational, mental and physical health.Main outcome measurePhysical pain as a result of sex for ≥3 months in the past year, plus measures of symptom severity.ResultsPainful sex was reported by 7.5% (95% CI 6.7–8.3) of sexually active women, of whom one‐quarter experienced symptoms very often or always, for ≥6 months, and causing distress. Reporting painful sex was strongly associated with other sexual function problems, notably vaginal dryness (age adjusted odds ratio 7.9; 6.17–10.12), anxiety about sex (6.34; 4.76–8.46) and lacking enjoyment in sex (6.12; 4.81–7.79). It was associated with sexual relationship factors [such as not sharing same level of interest in sex (2.56; 1.97–3.33)], as well as with adverse experiences such as non‐volitional sex (2.17; 1.68–2.80). Associations were also found with measures of psychological and physical health, including depressive symptoms (1.68; 1.28–2.21).ConclusionPainful sex is reported by a sizeable minority of women in Britain. Health professionals should be supported to undertake holistic assessment and treatment which takes account of the sexual, relationship and health context of symptoms.Tweetable abstractPainful sex—reported by 7.5% of women in Britain—is linked to poorer sexual, physical, relational and mental health.
Improving the clinical management of women with borderline tumours: a recurrence risk scoring system from a French multicentre study
Authors: Ouldamer L , Bendifallah S , Nikpayam M , Body G , Fritel X , Uzan C , Morice P , Daraï E , Ballester M 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo develop a risk scoring system (RSS) for predicting recurrence in women with borderline ovarian tumours (BOTs).DesignCohort study of women with BOTs.SettingFrench multicentre tertiary care centres.PopulationA cohort of 360 women with BOTs who received primary surgical treatment between January 2000 and December 2013.MethodsClinical and pathological factors affecting recurrence in women with BOTs.Main outcome measureThe development of a model for the prediction of recurrence in women with BOTs.ResultsOverall the recurrence rate was 20.0% (72/360). Recurrence was associated with five variables: age < 45 years; preoperative serum tumour marker CA125 > 150 IU/mL; a serous histological subtype; International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage other than IA; and ovarian surgery other than bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (BSO; i.e. cystectomy and unilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy). These variables were included in the RSS and assigned scores ranging from 0 to 6. The discrimination of the RSS was 0.82 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.79–0.85). A total score of 8 points corresponded to the optimal threshold of the RSS, with a rate of recurrence of 11.8% (35/297) and 58.7% (37/63) for women at low risk (<8 points) and women at high risk (≥8 points), respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 85.0%.ConclusionsThis study shows that the risk of BOT recurrence can be accurately predicted so that women at high risk can benefit from adapted surgical treatment.Tweetable abstractOur RSS permitted women with BOTs at low risk to be distinguished from women with BOTs at high risk of recurrence.
Origin, Analytical Characterization, and Use of Human Odor in Forensics
Authors: Cuzuel Vincent , Cognon Guillaume , Rivals Isabelle , Sauleau Charles , Heulard François , Thiébaut Didier , Vial Jérôme 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDeveloping a strategy to characterize the odor prints of individuals should be relevant to support identification obtained using dogs in courts of justice. This article proposes an overview of the techniques used for the forensic profiling of human odor. After reviewing the origin of human odor—both genetic and physiological—the different analytical steps from sample collection to statistical data processing are presented. The first challenge is the collection of odor, whether by direct sampling with polymer patches, cotton gauze, etc., or indirect sampling with devices like Scent Transfer Unit. Then, analytical techniques are presented. Analyses are commonly performed with gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. As they yield large amounts of data, advanced statistical tools are needed to provide efficient and reliable data processing, which is essential to give more probative value to information.
Comparing the Scoring of Human Decomposition from Digital Images to Scoring Using On‐site Observations
Authors: Dabbs Gretchen R. , Bytheway Joan A. , Connor Melissa 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhen in forensic casework or empirical research in‐person assessment of human decomposition is not possible, the sensible substitution is color photographic images. To date, no research has confirmed the utility of color photographic images as a proxy for in situ observation of the level of decomposition. Sixteen observers scored photographs of 13 human cadavers in varying decomposition stages (PMI 2–186 days) using the Total Body Score system (total n = 929 observations). The on‐site TBS was compared with recorded observations from digital color images using a paired samples t‐test. The average difference between on‐site and photographic observations was −0.20 (t = −1.679, df = 928, p = 0.094). Individually, only two observers, both students with <1 year of experience, demonstrated TBS statistically significantly different than the on‐site value, suggesting that with experience, observations of human decomposition based on digital images can be substituted for assessments based on observation of the corpse in situ, when necessary.
Flail Chest Following Failed Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Authors: Thompson Melissa , Langlois Neil E.I. , Byard Roger W. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFollowing the death of a woman with blunt force chest trauma, the question was asked how common was the finding at autopsy of a flail chest in decedents after failed cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It was suggested in court that this was an uncommon occurrence. To address this issue, autopsy cases in adults (>18 years) with rib fractures attributable to cardiopulmonary resuscitation were taken from the files of Forensic Science SA over a 7‐year period from 2008 to 2014. Flail chest injuries were defined as those arising from fractures at two sites in at least three consecutive ribs. From 236 cases with rib fractures attributed to resuscitation, a total of 43 flail chest injuries were found in 35 cases (14.8%). The majority occurred in the 60‐79‐year‐old age group. These data suggest that flail chest injuries are a more common sequelae of cardiopulmonary resuscitation than has been previously appreciated in autopsy cases, particularly in the elderly.
Use of an Automated Nested Multiplex Respiratory Pathogen PCR Panel Postmortem in the Pediatric Forensic Setting
Authors: Baker Tiffany , Schandl Cynthia , Presnell Susan Erin , Madory James , Nolte Frederick S. , Batalis Nicholas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRespiratory pathogens have been detected in forensic investigations using multiple techniques; however, no study has examined the use of automated, nested, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (ANM‐PCR), commonly used in living patients, in the forensic setting. This retrospective study assessed the utility of ANM‐PCR in detecting respiratory pathogens in the pediatric forensic setting. Respiratory samples from 35 cases were tested for up to 20 respiratory pathogens. 51.4% of these cases yielded a positive ANM‐PCR result, 20% of which were considered the cause of or contributory to death. The most commonly detected pathogens were rhinovirus/enterovirus and respiratory syncytial virus, and these were the only pathogens determined to play a significant role in cause of death. The sampled sites and postmortem intervals tested did not affect the likelihood of a positive or negative test. ANM‐PCR panels are effective, affordable, and rapid ancillary tools in evaluating cause of death in the forensic pediatric population.
Raman Microspectroscopic Mapping: A Tool for Identification of Fused Materials in Fire Debris
Authors: Kerr Tanya J. , Myers Leary , Duncan Keith L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractExamination of fire debris can provide information about the types of materials which were present at the time of the fire to give insights for fire scene reconstruction and understanding compartment fire dynamics. This paper demonstrates the ability of Raman spectroscopy for material identification postfire in complex situations, such as the production of fused masses during fire dropdown. A validated Raman spectral library is combined with Raman mapping in three fire case studies, to determine the individual materials in the fused masses formed. The case studies accessed material combinations of several common polymers. Raman mapping was carried out on a 10 μm × 10 μm square of the masses. Material identification using this technique ranged from a high of 85% match to a low of 40% match. This work demonstrated that complex masses found in the fire debris can be resolved into the individual material components for identification and spatial distribution.
Response to rearing in laboratory of the xylophagous grape pest, Xylotrechus arvicola (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Authors: Rodríguez‐González Álvaro , Mayo Sara , González‐López Óscar , Peláez Horacio J. , Casquero Pedro A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractXylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is an important pest in vineyards (Vitis vinifera) in the main Iberian wine‐producing regions. Larvae were reared with Semi‐Synthetic Iglesias (SSI) diet over 27 months and two generations in the laboratory. Larval mortality was highest during the first (49.49 %) and second (9.38 %) month of rearing, increasing to 50.52 % during the first month if F2 reared larvae were obtained from an F1 adult female obtained in laboratory. The diet had sufficient nutrients to enable the pest to complete its life cycle within nine months, with F1 larval viability ranging from 23.49 % to 27.97 % and F2 larval viability reduced to 2.07 %. However, the diet did not allow for the completion of additional life cycles and generations (F3, F4,…). Larval mortality increased as the months of rearing (66.13 %, 69.51 % and 89.50 %) and generations (59.10 % and 76.93 % in F1 and F2, respectively) progressed in the laboratory. The larva–adult period of females obtained in the laboratory was longer than for males. In the laboratory, the life cycle was shortened in relation to the life cycle in the field because larvae did not require a cold period to break diapause and start pupation. This indicates that X. arvicola has the potential to complete its life cycle inside grape wood in vineyards of wine‐producing regions with warmer winters.
Can the pheromones of predators modulate responses to herbivore‐induced plant volatiles?
Authors: Cabello T. , Rodriguez‐Manzaneque M.A. , Gallego J.R. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBiological control of greenhouse pests has been successfully developed and applied. In greenhouse crops, several entomophagous species (predators and parasitoids) are used simultaneously in the crop cycle. One important aspect of these crops, which represent modified ecosystems, is the interactions among complexes of species, including plants, phytophagous insects, and predators. The chemical relationships (semiochemicals: pheromones and kairomones) among these species likely play an important role in greenhouse crops; however, few studies have focused on these relationships. The aim of this study was to analyse the importance of semiochemicals. Three groups of laboratory trials were conducted with two predatory species:Nabis pseudoferusandNesidiocoris tenuis(Hemiptera: Nabidae and Miridae, respectively). The results of the first group of trials indicated that the adult females of both species were more attracted to herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) than they were to the control plants or plants with artificial damage. Based on the second group of trials, pheromones triggered an attraction in adult females of both species for conspecifics. Finally, based on the interactions of the adult females of the same species, pheromones changed or modulated the predatory responses toHIPVs. The implications of these results for the biological control of pest species in greenhouses are further discussed.
Can Legislation Prohibiting Weight Discrimination Improve Psychological Well‐Being? A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Pearl Rebecca L. , Puhl Rebecca M. , Dovidio John F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWeight‐based discrimination is pervasive and increases vulnerability to poor mental health among targeted individuals. Legislation prohibiting weight discrimination has been proposed as an avenue for reducing social injustice. The present research examines how mere knowledge of such legislation may improve the psychological well‐being of individuals who have experienced unfair treatment due to weight. In an experiment administered online, 214 adults with overweight/obesity read a vignette exemplifying weight discrimination and were randomly assigned to one of two conditions, in which they were informed that weight discrimination was illegal or legal, and then responded to questionnaires assessing internalized weight bias, affect, perceived pervasiveness of weight discrimination, and support for anti‐discrimination legislation. Analysis of covariance revealed that participants with obesity in the Illegal condition exhibited lower levels of internalized weight bias than did participants in the Legal condition. Participants in the Illegal condition also exhibited less negative affect and more positive affect than did those in the Legal condition. No significant effects of condition on perceived pervasiveness of weight discrimination or legislation support emerged. Findings suggest that mere knowledge of legislation prohibiting weight discrimination has the potential to reduce weight bias internalization and improve affective responses among individuals with obesity.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single doses of rivaroxaban in obese patients prior to and after bariatric surgery
Authors: Kröll Dino , Stirnimann Guido , Vogt Andreas , Lai Desirée Lin Lee , Borbély Yves Michael , Altmeier Julia , Schädelin Sabine , Candinas Daniel , Alberio Lorenzo , Nett Philipp C. 
Published: January 2017

AimsVenous thromboembolism is an important cause of postoperative morbidity and mortality in bariatric surgery. Studies of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are not available in this surgical field. The objective of this phase 1 clinical trial was to investigate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters of rivaroxaban in bariatric patients.MethodsIn this single‐centre study, obese patients received single oral doses of rivaroxaban (10 mg) 1 day prior to and 3 days after bariatric surgery. PK and PD parameters were assessed at baseline and during 24 h after drug ingestion.ResultsSix Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass patients and six sleeve gastrectomy patients completed the study. Mean rivaroxaban area under plasma concentration–time curve, peak plasma concentration, time to peak plasma concentration and terminal half‐life were 971.9 μg·h l–1 (coefficient of variation: 10.6), 135.3 μg l–1 (26.7), 1.5 h and 13.1 h (34.1) prior to and 1165.8 (21.9), 170.0 (15.9), 1.5 and 8.9 (44.6) postsurgery for SG patients and 933.7 μg·h l–1 (22.3), 136.5 μg l–1 (10.7), 1.5 h und 13.8 h (46.6) prior to and 1029.4 (7.4), 110.8 (31.8), 2.5 and 15 (60.0) postsurgery for Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass patients, respectively. Prothrombin fragments (F1 + 2) decreased during the first 12 hours and increased thereafter in the pre‐ and the postbariatric setting. Thrombin–antithrombin complexes dropped within 1–3 h in the prebariatric setting and remained low after surgery until they increased at 24 h postdose. Rivaroxaban was well tolerated and no relevant safety issues were observed.ConclusionsBariatric surgery does not appear to alter PK of rivaroxaban in a clinically relevant way. Effective prophylactic postbariatric anticoagulation is supported by changes in PD.
The role of parental anxiety sensitivity and learning experiences in children's anxiety sensitivity
Authors: Stassart Céline , Dardenne Benoit , Etienne Anne‐Marie 
Published: January 2017

This study evaluated the impact of the mother's and father's anxiety sensitivity (AS) and learning experiences on children's AS, and the influence of two moderators: the children's femininity orientation and the children's emotional intelligence (EI). The sample comprised 200 non‐clinical children, aged 9–13 years, and their parents (mothers and fathers). Results revealed that the effect of parental AS on children's AS is moderated by the children's EI for maternal AS and by their femininity traits for paternal AS. Learning experiences following somatic sensations influenced the children's level of AS. More specifically, special attention by parents following a child's somatic sensations (reinforcement and transmission of information) was associated with high AS in children. Parental reactions of fear following a parent's somatic sensations (modelling) seem to predict higher scores for AS when the link is moderated by the child's femininity orientation. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject

The influence of parental factors in child's AS has been demonstrate, but these studies are limited.

Specific mechanisms might condition the relationship between child's AS and parental factors.

What does this study add?

Learning experiences and parental AS influence the child's level of AS.

It is important to consider the influence of mothers and fathers in child's AS.

Child's emotional intelligence and expressive traits may moderate the effect of parental factors.
Using Principles of Behavioral Epigenetics to Advance Research on Early‐Life Stress
Authors: Conradt Elisabeth 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhile the negative effects of early‐life stress on children's developmental outcomes are well documented, we know little about how these processes unfold and which children are more susceptible to these exposures. In this article, I outline how studying the effects of early‐life stress on children's development can be advanced by considering how epigenetic processes may contribute to the emergence of children's behavior. The study of epigenetics can help pinpoint the mechanisms by which early‐life stress may affect developmental outcomes and identify which children may be most sensitive to the effects of these exposures. I conclude by highlighting the challenges inherent in studying epigenetics in children and offer possible solutions.
Probability Learning: Changes in Behavior Across Time and Development
Authors: Plate Rista C. , Fulvio Jacqueline M. , Shutts Kristin , Green C. Shawn , Pollak Seth D. 
Published: January 2017

Individuals track probabilities, such as associations between events in their environments, but less is known about the degree to which experience—within a learning session and over development—influences people's use of incoming probabilistic information to guide behavior in real time. In two experiments, children (4–11 years) and adults searched for rewards hidden in locations with predetermined probabilities. In Experiment 1, children (n = 42) and adults (n = 32) changed strategies to maximize reward receipt over time. However, adults demonstrated greater strategy change efficiency. Making the predetermined probabilities more difficult to learn (Experiment 2) delayed effective strategy change for children (n = 39) and adults (n = 33). Taken together, these data characterize how children and adults alike react flexibly and change behavior according to incoming information.
Planning interventional trials in childhood arterial ischaemic stroke using a Delphi consensus process
Authors: Steinlin Maja , O'callaghan Finbar , Mackay Mark T 
Published: January 2017

AimThere is a paucity of data from randomized controlled treatment trials in childhood arterial ischaemic stroke. Our objectives were to identify and plan a trial through use of a Delphi consensus process.MethodThe Delphi panel consisted of Australian, New Zealand, and European paediatric neurologists with interests in childhood stroke. Four rounds were conducted using a REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture) Web‐based application: the first consisted of open‐ended questions; the second evaluated agreement for the most important trial; the third and fourth reached consensus on design.ResultsForty‐seven out of 66 neurologists answered the first round. Eight areas of research for important and feasible trials were identified. In the second round, 43 paediatric neurologists ranked the three highest rated trials: (1) aspirin versus aspirin plus steroids in focal arteriopathy (n=31); (2) heparin versus aspirin (n=6); and (3) heparin versus aspirin versus modern anticoagulation (n=6). The third and fourth surveys reached consensus among 43 out of 44 respondents on design of the highest ranked trial, and allowed agreement on inclusion/exclusion criteria, clinical/neuroimaging data, and treatment protocols.ConclusionThe Delphi consensus process is an efficient method of identifying and planning paediatric stroke trials. An international, multicentre trial is now in preparation.
South‐South civil society partnerships: renewed ties of political contention and policy building
Authors: Milhorance Carolina , Bursztyn Marcel 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article sheds light on the new sites of contestation of global capitalism and international geopolitics created by transnational ties between Brazilian and Mozambican social movements. With a special focus on the rural sector and land issues, the article examines how the internationalization of Brazil's public policies and companies set the context and opened opportunity to the rise of South‐South advocacy networks and the setting up of renewed spaces of political dialogue. Building on the politics of mobilization, it identifies two major coalitions reflecting Brazil's domestic struggles and analyzes their different mobilization strategies and objectives influencing political outcomes.