bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New angular momentum conservation laws for electromagnetic waves interacting with dirac fields
Authors: Khosravi Farhad , Yang Li-Ping , Das Pronoy , Jacob Zubin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Global conservation laws of angular momentum (AM) are well-known in the theory of light–matter interaction. However, local conservation laws, i.e. the conservation law of AM at every point in space, remain unexplored especially in the context of relativistic Dirac–Maxwell fields. Here, we use the QED Lagrangian and Noether’s theorem to derive a new local conservation law of AM for Dirac–Maxwell fields in the form of the continuity relation for linear momentum. We separate this local conservation law into four coupled motion equations for spin and orbital AM (OAM) densities. We introduce a helicity current tensor, OAM current tensor, and spin–orbit torque in the motion equations to shed light on the local dynamics of spin-OAM interaction and AM exchange between Maxwell and Dirac fields. We elucidate how our results translate to classical electrodynamics using the example of plane wave interference as well as a dual-mode optical fiber. Our results shine light on AM phenomena related to the relativistic interaction of electromagnetic waves and Dirac fields.
Trapped-atom Otto engine with light-induced dipole–dipole interactions
Authors: Gashu Feyisa Chimdessa , Jen H H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Finite-time quantum heat engines operating with working substances of quantum nature are of practical relevance as they can generate finite-power. However, they encounter energy losses due to quantum friction, which is particularly pronounced in many-body systems with non-trivial coherences in their density operator. Strategies such as shortcuts to adiabaticity and fast routes to thermalization have been developed although the associated cost requirements remain uncertain. In this study, we theoretically investigate the finite-time operation of a trapped-atom Otto engine with light-induced dipole–dipole interactions and projection measurements in one of the isochoric processes. The investigation reveals that when atoms are sufficiently close to each other and their dipoles are oriented perpendicularly, light-induced dipole–dipole interactions generate strong coherent interactions. This has enhanced engine efficiency to near unity and accelerate the thermalization process by sixtyfold. The interactions also boost engine performance during finite-unitary strokes despite the significant quantum friction induced by the time-dependent driving field. Furthermore, the projection measurement protocol effectively erases quantum coherences developed during both the finite-unitary expansion and finite thermalization stages and allows finite-time engine operation with an output power. This setup presents a compelling avenue for further investigation of finite-time many-body quantum heat engines and provides an opportunity to explore the full potential of photon-mediated dipole–dipole interactions.
Decreasing the nitric oxide gas concentration by using sunflower seed husk biochar as filter
Authors: Mohamed Ghada O , Saleh Maher E , Elsafty Ahmed S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There is a great global interest in controlling air pollutants, specifically greenhouse gases including nitrogen oxides (NOx), nitric oxide is one of its basic components. For this reason, this study dealt with the use of biochar manufactured from agricultural waste from sunflower seed husk (SSHB) with 450°C pyrolysis in the adsorption of 90 ppm concentration of nitric oxide (NO) gas within 480 seconds (8 minutes) by flow rate 1.2 (liter/minute). Two kinds of particle sizes coarse (C) and fine (F) of SSHB were used, and some physiochemical properties of the biochar were studied, including SEM and FTIR, in addition to the BET surface area, which was 3.9 (m2/g). The adsorption results displayed that SSHB (F) is better at the adsorption of NO 31.6 (mg/g) than SSHB (C) 26.7 (mg/g). Isotherm models were applied to the mathematical modelling of NO absorption, and based on n and R2 values the results of the SSHB adsorption for NO fixed with both the Freundlich model and the kinetic pseudo second order model.
Advancing Oil Production Efficiency with Next-Generation Nano emulsion Capsules: Harnessing Doped MgZnO2 for Superior Inhibition of Calcite Scale Formation
Authors: Ali Sayeda S. , AbuelReesh Gaber M. , Fadda Ahmed A. , Abdelhafez Mahmoud , Mubarak Mahmoud F. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This work presents doped MgZnO2 nano emulsion capsules as a novel approach for reducing calcite scale formation in oil production. The nano emulsion capsules are synthesized via ultrasonication and precipitation methods, with morphology and size distribution analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope [TEM] and dynamic light scattering (DLS).` with an average particle size of 50 nm. Static scale inhibition tests showed over 90% inhibition efficiency at a Nano emulsion concentration of 100 mg/L. Rigorous static and dynamic scale inhibition testing precipitation and showcases remarkable efficiency exceeding 80% in preventing calcite deposition under simulated conditions. Gravimetric validates cation and online pressure monitoring validate superior performance compared to conventional inhibitors, with up to 30% enhancement in mitigation. The controlled release properties of the Nano emulsion capsule allow for persistent scale inhibition even after 72 hours of continuous operation. Furthermore, ecotoxicity evaluations through bioassays affirm the eco-friendly characteristics of the Nano emulsion technology. As a whole, this research shows how highly promising doped MgZnO2 Nano emulsion capsules are as a long-term, high-performing solution to scale-related problems in the oil sector.
Adsorption and kinetic studies of dyes onto BaFe12O19 Ferrite Nanoparticles
Authors: Erfan N. A. , Mohammed A. A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this work, Barium hexaferrite (BaFe12O19) nanoparticles were used for industrial waste water treatment from methylene blue (MB) and congored (CR) dyes. Batch adsorber with mechanical stirring column was used to test various experimental parameters like contact time, initial dye concentration and adsorbent dosage for the removal of these dyes. For the removal of MB and CR dyes using magnetic nanoparticles, the maximum adsorption capacities were 200 and 124.5 mg/g respectively. The maximum removal efficiencies were 90 % for MB removal onto the nanoparticles and 80% for CR removal. In order to analyze the kinetic data, pseudo first and second order kinetic models have been used. For all studied variables and based on correlation coefficient (R) values and graphical presentation, the results confirm that pseudo second order model fits well the experimental data.
Variable frequency constant pressure water supply system based on Siemens S-1200
Authors: Yan Shubin , Yang Weijie , Liu Guang , Zhu Chuanhui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the design of an efficient, cost-effective, and intelligent variable frequency water supply control system. The system consists of a PLC, frequency converters, water pumps, pressure sensors, and other components to form a closed-loop control system. It enables closed-loop control of water pressure, ensuring a dynamic balance between water consumption and water supply. A user-friendly HMI is designed based on a software platform for easy operation by management personnel. It allows for seamless switching of the system’s operating modes and the running status of water pumps. Real-time display of pump operation and monitoring of system performance are also provided. Compared to traditional water supply methods, this system exhibits superior reliability, speed, and performance. It is capable of meeting the daily water consumption needs of residents in high-rise buildings.
A novel method of steady-state modeling for self-excited induction generators in distributed generation system based on transient space-vector model
Authors: Li Haitao , Peng Xuehu , Lou Yaolin , Lili Chen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The paper proposes a novel mathematic model for steady states represented by the complex-domain transient space vectors of SEIGs in the stationary coordinate system, where the physical systems are extended to be analyzed by applying the previous approach of holistic analysis based on the stability theorem of Lyapunov. The motion analysis of mechanisms gives analytical formulas of operating points at steady states by solving the novel steady-state model analytically. Good agreement between former numerically computed results and analytically computed results by the analytic formulas proves the validity and effectiveness of the proposed novel model, with extensive engineering referenced and applicable value.
Recent advancements of nanoparticles for antiviral therapy
Authors: Pradip Das Priyanku , Sengupta Sounok , Balram Deepak , Lian Kuang-Yow , Azizov Shavkatjon , Neogi Ujjwal Kumar , Pandey Sadanand , Kumar Deepak 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The global outbreak of infectious diseases in recent decades has caused serious health problems worldwide. Key factors that contribute to the lack of a complete therapeutic strategy against viral infections include biomimetic architecture, ability to manipulate the antibody, continuous antigen transfer, covert system of injecting inappropriate doses of drugs at target sites, resulting in drug resistance. Reasons include low water solubility, poor permeability, plasma protein a high self-similarity, short gene half-life, and rapid system elimination. To combat these challenges, nanoparticle-based drug delivery has emerged as a revolutionary approach, applying nanoengineering tools to nanoparticle synthesis to achieve optimal drug concentrations at targeted sites over time nanoparticles with nano dimensional structure enhanced permeability and retention effects, increasing surface area volume ratios, in surface-functioning capacity, prove effective in antiviral therapeutic delivery but size, shape, charge, and surface topology of nanoparticles allow target specific drug delivery, cellular uptake, opsonization by host immune cells, drug retention time, transcytosis, extended biological half -life, in vivo stability, and significantly affect cytotoxicity. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the critical role of nanotechnology-based drugs while addressing important aspects of clinical safety and efficacy.
The Emergence of Constitutional Theocracy in Iran
Authors: Khodadadi Bahman 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 serves as a point of departure for systematic critical examination of the theocratic criminal law. It sets this stage as a contribution to our understanding of the emergence of constitutional theocracy in Iran and places it within its theological and constitutional framework. The chapter, by a rationally reconstructive approach, explores the unfolding process of politico-ideological Islamization of Iran since the Islamic Revolution of 1979 and investigates how, following the birth of the Islamic Republic, legal westernization was substituted by Islamic legal de-westernization that purported to be rooted in Sharia law. It closely examines how Iranian constitutional theocracy’s introduction of the concept of God as a legislator is justified by Islamic jurists through the theological, political, and legal frame of reference.
Era mucho el miedo by Gloria Inés Peláez and En el brazo del río by Marbel Sandoval Ordóñez: The Novels of the Second State in Colombia
Authors: Delgado Ricci María del Mar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Colombia’s war conflict inspired crime fiction, mainly by male authors. This genre has reflected the nation’s harsh reality since the mid-twentieth century, revealing brutal aspects of Colombian society. However, women’s experiences as victims of violence and their literary contributions have been overlooked despite their early engagement in writing about these matters. This article analyses the novels En el brazo del río by Marbel Sandoval Ordóñez and Era mucho el miedo by Gloria Inés Peláez, published in 2006 and 2016, respectively. Both novels are representations of what could be considered the Colombian “Second State”—as named by Rita Segato: an illegal ruling state and economic scheme that thrives on the cruelest violence, primarily against women.
Geothermal ecosystems on Mt. Erebus, Antarctica, support diverse and taxonomically novel biota
Authors: Rasmussen Trine Bertram , Noell Stephen E , Herbold Craig W , Dickie Ian A , Richards-Babbage Roanna , Stott Matthew B , Cary S Craig , McDonald Ian R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Mt. Erebus, Antarctica, is the southernmost active volcano in the world and harbors diverse geothermally unique ecosystems, including “Subglacial” and “Exposed” features, surrounded by a vast desert of ice and snow. Previous studies, while limited in scope, have highlighted the unique and potentially endemic biota of Mt. Erebus. Here, we provide an amplicon-based biodiversity study across all domains of life and all types of geothermal features, with physicochemical and biological data from 48 samples (39 Exposed and 9 Subglacial) collected through various field seasons. We found potentially high taxonomic novelty among prokaryotes and fungi, supporting past hypotheses of high endemism due to the distinctive and isolated environment; in particular, the large number of taxonomically divergent fungal sequences was surprising. We found that different site types had unique physicochemistry and biota; Exposed sites were warmer than Subglacial (median: 40°C versus 10°C for Exposed and Subglacial, respectively) and tended to have more photosynthetic organisms (Cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta). Subglacial sites had more Actinobacteriota, correlated with greater concentrations of Ca and Mg present. Our results also suggest potential human impacts on these remote, highly significant sites, finding evidence for fungal taxa normally associated with wood decay. In this study, we provide a blueprint for future work aimed at better understanding the novel biota of Mt. Erebus.
An atypical case of right ventricular myxoma, a paradox of pulmonary valve endocarditis with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction. From a surgeon’s perspective
Authors: Samsuddin Muhammad Juffri , Yaacob Siti Sara , Sanusi Abdul Rais Bin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Intracardiac tumour is rare, and intracardiac myxoma is the most common intracardiac tumour of the heart. The majority of these tumours arise at the left and right atrium, and a presentation of such a tumour other than the mentioned is atypical and very rare. Due to the rare occurrence, clinicians often misdiagnose it as infective endocarditis especially if the tumour is located near the valves and causing outflow gradient stenosis on echocardiography. A multi-modal cardiac imaging and a multi-disciplinary approach are paramount to make a correct diagnosis and treatment strategies. We would like to report a rare case of a right ventricular myxoma of a young girl, who was initially treated with infective endocarditis, which turned out to be a rare atypical Right ventricular myxoma, which was then surgically excised. The patient was successfully discharged after 3 years of follow up echocardiography showed free of tumour recurrence.
Renal artery pseudoaneurysm presenting in a single functioning kidney with prior partial nephrectomy following flexible ureterorenoscopy: a case report
Authors: Asi Tariq , Khamashta Natalie , Dalal Ahmad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Renal artery pseudoaneurysm (RAP) formation following flexible ureterorenoscopy (FURS) with laser lithotripsy is rare. Previous kidney surgery places patients at an increased risk due to potential vascular injury associated with renal intervention. In our case, a 62-year-old man with a single functioning right kidney and a history of right partial nephrectomy presented 10 days following FURS with holmium laser lithotripsy, complaining of gross hematuria. Attempted conservative management failed. Renal arteriography was done, which revealed a RAP that was managed with selective angioembolization. RAP following FURS can be serious if not managed properly. Most cases present with late gross hematuria. RAP can usually be demonstrated on renal arteriography. Selective angioembolization is the definitive treatment.
Development and Validation of a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Ultraviolet Spectrometry Method for Ampicillin and its Application in Routine Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Intensive Care Patients
Authors: Morath Benedict , Schultes Linda , Frey Otto Roman , Röhr Anka Christa , Christow Hannes , Hoppe-Tichy Torsten , Brinkmann Alexander , Chiriac Ute 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Ampicillin/sulbactam, a combination of a β-lactam and β-lactamase inhibitor, is widely used in clinical settings. However, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of ampicillin is not commonly performed, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a rapid and cost-effective high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)–ultraviolet spectrometry method to quantify ampicillin in human serum and evaluate its clinical application in ICU patients.

Methods:
Sample cleanup included a protein precipitation protocol, followed by chromatographic separation on a C18 reverse-phase HPLC column within 12.5 minutes using gradient elution of the mobile phase. The assay was validated according to the German Society of Toxicology and Forensic Chemistry criteria. Clinical applications involved the retrospective analysis of TDM data from ICU patients receiving continuous infusion of ampicillin/sulbactam, including the attainment of target ranges and individual predicted and observed pharmacokinetics.

Results:
The method was robust, with linear relations between the peak area responses and drug concentrations in the range of 2–128 mg/L. The coefficient of variation for precision and the bias for accuracy (both interday and intraday) were less than 10%. Clinical application revealed variable pharmacokinetics of ampicillin in ICU patients (clearance of 0.5–31.2 L/h). TDM-guided dose adjustments achieved good therapeutic drug exposure, with 92.9% of the samples being within the optimal (16–32 mg/L) or quasioptimal (8–48 mg/L) range.

Conclusions:
This method provides a practical solution for the routine TDM of ampicillin, facilitating individualized dosing strategies to ensure adequate therapeutic drug exposure. Given its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and clinical relevance, HPLC–ultraviolet spectrometry holds promise for broad implementation in hospital pharmacies and clinical laboratories.
Diversity Scholarships for Plastic Surgery Subinternships: A National Review of US Residency Programs
Authors: Antezana Luis A. , Rames Jess , Ochoa Pablo , Kreutz-Rodrigues Lucas , Bakri Karim 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Residency programs have developed monetary initiatives for students underrepresented in medicine (URiM). Our team sought to provide a centralized resource for URiM students seeking plastic surgery subinternships with funded opportunities.

Methods:
A cross sectional analysis of URiM scholarships offered by US integrated plastic surgery programs (n = 91) between July and September 2023. The study used residency program web domains. Investigators collected information on the monetary value of scholarship, eligibility criteria, and required application documents. Inferential analyses were conducted to investigate whether programs’ geographic region or Doximity ranking played a role in likelihood of scholarship existence.

Results:
The study found that approximately 52.7% (n = 48) of programs have in place monetary support for underrepresented visiting medical students (eg, stipend or reimbursement). The average monetary support was $1670. A univariate test demonstrated that programs with lower rankings in both reputation and research were less likely to have a scholarship available than higher ranking programs (P = 0.002; P = 0.02, respectively). Programs located in the Midwest regions were 3.5 times more likely to have a diversity scholarship available (P = 0.034). In our multivariate analysis, reputation ranking and geographic region remained significant. A Pearson chi square test showed the greatest proportions of scholarships among geographically similar programs to be in the Midwest (70%), however, not statistically significant.

Conclusions:
This study provides a centralized resource for URiM students interested in completing away rotations. Further investigation into development of these scholarship opportunities would be of much benefit and could guide other programs in the funding their own diversity scholarships.
The Preservation Technique for Incomplete Unilateral Cleft Lip Reconstruction
Authors: Fell Matthew , Breakey William , Benitez Benito K. , Mueller Andreas A. , Chong David K. 
Published: September 2024

Summary:
The incomplete unilateral cleft lip shares many of the same phenotypic characteristics as a complete unilateral cleft lip, but key differences include an intact nasal sill, a relative excess of skin in the lateral lip element, and favorable skeletal support. Surgical techniques for incomplete unilateral cleft lips should be tailored to the specific anatomical characteristics, be simple and reliable to perform, and minimize the risk of secondary deformity. Here we describe the “preservation technique” for incomplete unilateral cleft lip reconstruction. The modified design from the anatomical subunit approximation technique uses a nasal sill flap and obviates the need for nasal sill and lateral lip excision. Tissues of the lip are opened out and reorientated to maximize the anatomical advantage.
Characteristics and Clinical Features of Patients with Lipedema in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Comprehensive Assessment
Authors: Alosaimi Khalid , Mortada Hatan , Alshomer Feras 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Lower limb swelling presents a diagnostic challenge with diverse causes, including well-known issues like venous insufficiency and lymphedema, and less-understood conditions like lipedema. Lipedema, involving abnormal fat accumulation in the lower extremities, is frequently misdiagnosed, posing challenges for affected individuals. This research aimed to report and analyze the clinical features of patients presenting with the complaint of lipedema.

Methods:
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Saudi Arabia from April to November 2023, involving adult patients from a specialized clinic in lipedema and lymphedema management. Data were collected through clinical evaluation and a comprehensive data collection sheet.

Results:
In a cohort of 115 female patients (mean age: 38.58), the most common age for disease onset was around 20–29 years. Physical examinations revealed symmetric enlargement (88%), collar sign (43%), orthostatic nonpitting edema (49%), and telangiectasia (64%). Varicose veins were present in 36%, Stemmer signs in 2%, and foot edema in 13%. Clinical diagnosis with lipedema occurred in 71%, with grade 2 (31%) as the most common severity and type 3 (47%) as the prevalent disease type.

Conclusions:
The current study, the first of its kind in the Middle East and specifically in Saudi Arabia, emphasizes the urgency of increased awareness and intervention due to a high underdiagnosis rate in lipedema. The observed complexity in symptoms and correlations between severity, lymphatic impairment, and body mass index underscore lipedema’s multifaceted nature. Future research should explore regional and cultural influences and conduct larger studies to validate and recognize various lipedema features.