bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor type 1 agonist, ASP4058, suppresses intracranial aneurysm through promoting endothelial integrity and blocking macrophage transmigration
Authors: Yamamoto Rie , Aoki Tomohiro , Koseki Hirokazu , Fukuda Miyuki , Hirose Jun , Tsuji Keiichi , Takizawa Katsumi , Nakamura Shinichiro , Miyata Haruka , Hamakawa Nozomu , Kasuya Hidetoshi , Nozaki Kazuhiko , Hirayama Yoshitaka , Aramori Ichiro , Narumiya Shuh 
Published: April 2017

Background and PurposeIntracranial aneurysm (IA), common in the general public, causes lethal subarachnoid haemorrhage on rupture. It is, therefore, of utmost importance to prevent the IA from rupturing. However, there is currently no medical treatment. Recent studies suggest that IA is the result of chronic inflammation in the arterial wall caused by endothelial dysfunction and infiltrating macrophages. The sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor type 1 (S1P1 receptor) is present on the endothelium and promotes its barrier function. Here we have tested the potential of an S1P1 agonist, ASP4058, to prevent IA in an animal model.Experimental ApproachThe effects of a selective S1P1 agonist, ASP4058, on endothelial permeability and migration of macrophages across an endothelial cell monolayer were tested in vitro using a Transwell system, and its effects on the size of IAs were evaluated in a rat model of IA.Key ResultsS1P1 receptor was expressed in endothelial cells of human IA lesions and control arterial walls. ASP4058 significantly reduced FITC‐dextran leakage through an endothelial monolayer and suppressed the migration of macrophages across the monolayer in vitro. Oral administration of ASP4058 reduced the vascular permeability, macrophage infiltration and size of the IAs by acting as an S1P1 agonist in the rat model. This effect was mimicked by another two structurally‐unrelated S1P1 agonists.Conclusion and ImplicationsA selective S1P1 agonist is a strong drug candidate for IA treatment as it promotes the endothelial cell barrier and suppresses the trans‐endothelial migration of macrophages in IA lesions.
Antitumor effect of focal adhesion kinase inhibitor PF562271 against human osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Hu Chuanzhen , Chen Xu , Wen Junxiang , Gong Liangzhi , Liu Zhuochao , Wang Jun , Liang Jing , Hu Fangqiong , Zhou Qi , Wei Li , Shen Yuhui , Zhang Weibin 
Published: April 2017

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) overexpression is related to invasive and metastatic properties in different kinds of cancers. Target therapy by inhibiting FAK has achieved promising effect in some cancer treatments, but its effect in human osteosarcoma has not been well studied. In the present study, we analyzed the antitumor efficacy of PF562271, an FAK inhibitor, against osteosarcoma in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylated FAK (Y397) was highly expressed in primary human osteosarcoma tumor samples and was associated with osteosarcoma prognosis and lung metastasis. PF562271 greatly suppressed proliferation and colony formation in human osteosarcoma cell lines. In addition, treatment of osteosarcoma cell lines with PF562271 induced apoptosis and downregulated the activity of the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. PF562271 also impaired the tube formation ability of endothelial cells in vitro. Finally, oral treatment with PF562271 in mice dramatically reduced tumor volume, weight, and angiogenesis of osteosarcoma xenografts in vivo. These results indicate that FAK inhibitor PF562271 can potentially be effectively used for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Risk of metachronous colorectal cancer following colectomy in Lynch syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Anele C. C. , Adegbola S. O. , Askari A. , Rajendran A. , Clark S. K. , Latchford A. , Faiz O. D. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimLynch syndrome (LS) accounts for 2–4% of all colorectal cancer (CRC) cases, and is associated with an increased risk of developing metachronous colorectal cancer (mCRC). The role of extended colectomy in LS CRC is controversial. There are limited studies comparing the risk of mCRC following segmental colectomy and extended colectomy. The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the risk of developing mCRC following segmental and extended colectomy for LS CRC and endoscopic compliance.MethodA systematic review of major databases was performed using predefined terms. All original articles published in English comparing the risk of mCRC in LS patients after segmental and extended colectomy from 1950 to January 2016 were included.ResultsThe search retrieved 324 studies. Six studies involving 871 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 705 (80.9%) underwent segmental colectomy and 166 (19.1%) extended colectomy. Average follow‐up was 91.2 months. The mCRC rate was 22.8% and 6% in the segmental and extended colectomy groups, respectively. The segmental group were over four times more likely to develop mCRC (OR 4.02, 95% CI: 2.01–8.04, P < 0.0001). mCRC occurred in patients after segmental colectomy despite 1–2‐yearly postoperative endoscopic surveillance.ConclusionThis result suggests that extended colectomy reduces the risk of mCRC by over four‐fold compared with segmental colectomy. mCRC occurred in the segmental group despite postoperative endoscopic surveillance. This needs to be borne in mind when deciding on the appropriate surgical management of LS patients with CRC. We recommend that extended colectomy should be considered for patients with confirmed LS CRC.
Impact of insulin glargine and lixisenatide on β‐cell function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized open‐label study
Authors: Meier Juris J. , Schenker Nina , Kahle Melanie , Schliess Freimut , Kapitza Christoph , Menge Björn A. 
Published: April 2017

It is known that β‐cell function can be enhanced by direct stimulation of insulin secretion or by induction of β‐cell rest, but whether both strategies can complement each other has not yet been examined. A total of 28 people with type 2 diabetes (glycated haemoglobin 7.8% ± 0.5%) were treated with either lixisenatide or titrated insulin glargine, followed by their combined administration, each over 4 weeks. First‐ and second‐phase insulin secretion during an intravenous glucose challenge were calculated. First‐ and second‐phase insulin secretion were not increased with glargine alone, but increased after addition of lixisenatide (
P
< .001). Lixisenatide alone increased first‐ and second‐phase insulin secretion (
P
< .01). Addition of insulin glargine tended to further increase first‐phase insulin secretion (P = .054), as well as insulin and C‐peptide concentrations (
P
< .05). Second‐phase insulin secretion was not affected by the addition of glargine. The sequence of initiating lixisenatide or glargine had no effect on the final measures of glycaemia or insulin secretion. Thus, lixisenatide and, to a lesser extent, insulin glargine, increase glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in an additive manner.
Use of contrast media in computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in horses: Techniques, adverse events and opportunities
Authors: Nelson B. B. , Goodrich L. R. , Barrett M. F. , Grinstaff M. W. , Kawcak C. E. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe use of contrast media in computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasing in horses. These contrast‐enhanced imaging techniques provide improved tissue delineation and evaluation, thereby expanding diagnostic capabilities. While generally considered safe, not all contrast media exhibit the same safety profiles. The safety of contrast media use and descriptions of adverse events occurring in horses are sparsely reported. This review summarises the reported evidence of contrast media use and adverse events that occur in horses, with added contribution from other veterinary species and studies in man for comparison. This comprehensive data set empowers equine clinicians to develop use and monitoring strategies when working with contrast media. Finally, it summarises the current state‐of‐the‐art and highlights the potential applications of contrast‐enhanced CT and MRI for assessment of diseased or injured equine tissues, as well as (patho)physiological processes.
High quality factor microwave dielectric ceramics in the (Mg1/3Nb2/3)O2–ZrO2–TiO2 ternary system
Authors: Li Wen‐Bo , Zhou Di , Pang Li‐Xia , Dai Yan‐Zhu , Qi Ze‐Ming , Wang Qiu‐Ping , Liu Han‐Chen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNovel high quality factor microwave dielectric ceramics (1−x)ZrTiO4−x(Mg1/3Nb2/3)TiO4 (0.325≤x≤0.4) and (ZrTi)1−y(Mg1/3Nb2/3)yO4 (0.2≤y≤0.5) with the addition of 0.5 wt% MnCO3 in the (Mg1/3Nb2/3)O2–ZrO2–TiO2 ternary system were prepared, using solid‐state reaction method. The relationship between the structure and microwave dielectric properties of the ceramics was studied. The XRD patterns of the sintered samples reveal the main phase belonged to α‐PbO2‐type structure. Raman spectroscopy and infrared reflectivity (IR) spectra were employed to evaluate phonon modes of ceramics. The 0.65ZrTiO4−0.35(Mg1/3Nb2/3)TiO4−0.5 wt% MnCO3 ceramic can be well densified at 1240°C for 2 hours and exhibits good microwave dielectric properties with a relative permittivity (εr) of 42.5, a quality factor (Q×f) value of 43 520 GHz (at 5.9 Ghz) and temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) value of −5ppm/°C. Furthermore, the (ZrTi)0.7(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.3O4−0.5 wt% MnCO3 ceramic sintered at 1260°C for 2 hours possesses a εr of 31.8, a Q×f value of 35 640 GHz (at 6.3 GHz) and a near zero τf value of −5.9 ppm/°C. The results demonstrated that the (Mg1/3Nb2/3)O2–ZrO2–TiO2 ternary system with excellent properties was a promising material for microwave electronic device applications.
Neutrophil‐To‐Lymphocyte Ratio: An Emerging Marker Predicting Prognosis in Elderly Adults with Community‐Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Cataudella Emanuela , Giraffa Chiara M. , Di Marca Salvatore , Pulvirenti Alfredo , Alaimo Salvatore , Pisano Marcella , Terranova Valentina , Corriere Thea , Ronsisvalle Maria L. , Di Quattro Rosario , Stancanelli Benedetta , Giordano Mauro , Vancheri Carlo , Malatino Lorenzo 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo explore the performance of the neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), an index of systemic inflammation that predicts prognosis of several diseases, in a cohort of elderly adults with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP).DesignProspective clinical study from January 2014 to July 2016.SettingUnit of Internal Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.ParticipantsElderly adults admitted for CAP (N = 195).MeasurementsClinical diagnosis of CAP was defined as the presence of a new infiltrate on plain chest radiography or chest computed tomography associated with one or more suggestive clinical features such as dyspnea, hypo‐ or hyperthermia, cough, sputum production, tachypnea (respiration rate >20 breaths per minute), altered breath sounds on physical examination, hypoxemia (partial pressure of oxygen <60 mmHg), leukocytosis (white blood cell count >10,000/μL). Clinical examination, traditional tests such as Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI); Confusion, Urea, Respiratory rate, Blood pressure, aged 65 and older (CURB‐65), and NLR were evaluated at admission. The accuracy and predictive value for 30‐day mortality of traditional scores and NLR were compared.ResultsNLR predicted 30‐day mortality (P < .001) and performed better than PSI (P < .05), CURB‐65, C‐reactive protein, and white blood cell count (P < .001) to predict prognosis. No deaths occurred in participants with a NLR of less than 11.12. Thirty‐day mortality was 30% in those with a NLR between 11.12% and 13.4% and 50% in those with a NLR between 13.4 and 28.3. All participants with a NLR greater than 28.3 died within 30 days.ConclusionsThese results would encourage early discharge of individuals with a NLR of less than 11.12, short‐term in‐hospital care for those with a NLR between 11.12 and 13.4, middle‐term hospitalization for those with a NLR between 13.4 and 28.3, and admission to a respiratory intensive care unit for those with a NLR greater than 28.3.
Determinants of board size in an emerging market
Authors: Min Byung S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDrawing largely upon the selective adaptation paradigm, the resource dependence literature, and the capture argument, we examine determinants of board size using panel data set of Korean‐listed companies that have experienced dramatic changes in their governance system following the 1997 Asian crisis and regulatory reforms. Observing that the firm's compliance with statutory requirements reflects a strategic choice, our results also investigate the idea that the determinants of board size differ between firms actively and passively adapting to regulatory reforms. For actively adaptive firms, board size increases along with firm complexity but it varies inversely with the power of controlling shareholders (CSHs). In contrast, the roles of complexity andCSHs are not significant but seniority‐based promotion is an important factor to increase the size for the passive firms. Our results suggest that determinants of board size differ depending on corporate strategies to comply with statutory requirements in an emerging market where family business is dominant and corporate governance system has substantially changed.
The role of autophagy in pro‐inflammatory responses of microglia activation via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in vitro
Authors: Ye Junli , Jiang Zhongxin , Chen Xuehong , Liu Mengyang , Li Jing , Liu Na 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMicroglia over‐activation contributes to neurodegenerative processes by neurotoxin factors and pro‐inflammatory molecules of pro‐inflammatory processes. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and autophagy pathway might be involved in microglial activation, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. Here, we regulated autophagy pathway of microglia in vitro by autophagy inhibition (3‐methyladenine treatment, siRNA‐Beclin 1 or siRNA‐ATG5 transfection) or induction (rapamycin treatment) in murine microglial BV‐2 cells or cultured primary mouse microglial cells. And we found that autophagy inhibition could sensitize mitochondrial profile and microglial activation of cultured microglial cells, demonstrated by significant production of mitochondrial ROS, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), interleukin 6 (IL‐6), interleukin 12 (IL‐12) and tumor necrosis factor α and marked activation of mitogen‐activated proteinkinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB). These effects could be blocked by specific inhibitors of MAPK and NF‐κB or mitochondrial antioxidants, Mito‐TEMPO. Meanwhile, induction of autophagy with rapamycin treatment could significantly suppress microglial inflammatory responses, mitochondrial ROS production, activation of MAPKs and NF‐κB. Taken together, our in vitro results from primary cultured microglia and BV‐2 cell lines indicated that autophagy inhibition might participate in brain macrophage or microglia over‐activation and mitochondrial ROS generation might be involved in the regulatory microglial pro‐inflammatory responses.
image
Drugs with antidepressant properties affect tryptophan metabolites differently in rodent models with depression‐like behavior
Authors: Eskelund Amanda , Li Yan , Budac David P. , Müller Heidi K. , Gulinello Maria , Sanchez Connie , Wegener Gregers 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe metabolism of tryptophan through kynurenine and serotonin pathways is linked to depression. Here, effects of different drugs with antidepressant properties (vortioxetine, fluoxetine, and ketamine) on various tryptophan metabolites in different brain regions and plasma were examined using tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), in Flinders Sensitive Line rats, a genetic rat model of depression, and its controls: Flinders Sensitive Line and Sprague–Dawley rats. Protein levels of kynurenine pathway enzymes were measured in the brains and livers of these rat strains. Furthermore, effects of vortioxetine on tryptophan metabolites were assessed in the cortical regions of lupus mice (MRL/MpJ‐FasIpr), a murine model of increased depression‐like behavior associated with inflammation. Sustained vortioxetine or fluoxetine (at doses aimed to fully occupy serotonin transporter via food or drinking water for at least 14 days) reduced levels of the excitotoxin quinolinic acid (QUIN) in various brain regions in all rats. Furthermore, chronic vortioxetine reduced levels ofQUINinMRL/MpJ‐FasIprmice. Acute i.p. administration of fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) or vortioxetine (10 mg/kg) led to reduced brain 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid in Sprague–Dawley rats (2, 4, 6, and 8 h) and a similar trend was evident in Flinders Sensitive Line and Flinders Sensitive Line rats after 4 h. In contrast, single or repeated administration of ketamine (15 mg/kg i.p.) did not induce significant changes in metabolite levels. In conclusion, sustained vortioxetine and fluoxetine administration decreasedQUINindependent of species, while ketamine was ineffective. These results support the hypothesis that modulating tryptophan metabolism may be part of the mechanism of action for some antidepressants.image
Diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD): interexaminer reliability of the Finnish version of Axis I clinical diagnoses
Authors: Leskinen J. , Suvinen T. , Teerijoki‐Oksa T. , Kemppainen P. , Näpänkangas R. , Alstergren P. , Le Bell Y. , Forssell H. , Myllykangas R. , Tolvanen M. , Doepel M. , Sipilä K. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryRecently, updated diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (DC/TMD) were published to assess TMD in a standardised way in clinical and research settings. The DC/TMD protocol has been translated into Finnish using specific cultural equivalency procedures. To assess the interexaminer reliability using the Finnish translations of the DC/TMD‐FIN Axis I clinical diagnostic assessment instruments. Reliability assessment data were collected during a 1‐day DC/TMD Examiner Training Course at the University of Turku, Finland, in collaboration with the International DC/TMD Training and Calibration Center in Malmö University. Clinical TMD examinations according to the Finnish pre‐final version of the DC/TMD Axis I assessment protocol were performed by four experienced TMD specialists on altogether 16 models. Kappa coefficient, overall percentage agreement (%A) as well as positive (PA) and negative (NA) agreements were used to define the reliability. Myofascial pain with referral, headache attributed to TMD and disc displacement (DD) without reduction without limited opening showed excellent kappa values (range 0·87–1·00). Fair‐to‐good reliability was observed for diagnoses of myalgia (k = 0·67), arthralgia (k = 0·71) and DD with reduction (k = 0·64). The PA was high for all pain‐related diagnoses and DD without reduction without limited opening (medians ≥83%), and acceptable for DD with reduction (median 67%). The NA was high (medians ≥87%) for all DC/TMD diagnoses, except for myalgia which showed acceptable NA (median 75%). The %A was high for all assessed diagnoses (medians >85%). The findings of this study showed DC/TMD‐FIN Axis I to demonstrate sufficiently high reliability for pain‐related TMD diagnoses.
The therapeutic role of mental health nurses in psychiatric intensive care: A mixed‐methods investigation in an inner‐city mental health service
Authors: McAllister S. , McCrae N. 
Published: April 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Mental health services have been radically transformed since the 1990s, with an emphasis on care in the community. However, acute psychiatric wards remain an important component of service provision. Research shows that patients receive limited therapeutic interaction with nurses in such settings.

A recent review showed that just 4%‐12% of nurses' time was spent on activities that could be considered therapeutic.

What this study adds to existing knowledge?

Whereas nurses wanted more time for individual therapeutic activity, patients were content with brief interactions. However, such contact was not always available, partly due to workload pressures.

Both nurses and patients believed that a collaborative approach, involving the whole multidisciplinary team, was key to the success of therapeutic engagement.

The meaning of therapeutic engagement remains nebulous.

What are the implications for practice?

Nurse education, ward management and clinical supervision should have greater emphasis on therapeutic engagement.

Further research is needed to develop therapeutic engagement in acute psychiatric settings; such work should involve patients as active and equal partners.

AbstractIntroductionDespite indications that therapeutic interaction is beneficial for patients and for nurses' job satisfaction in acute psychiatric care, research shows a small amount of nurses' time is spent on such activity.AimsThis study investigated the actual and potential therapeutic role of the mental health nurse in psychiatric intensive care, where admission is due to violence or aggression.MethodsIn a mixed‐methods concurrent triangulation design, clinician and patient activity was observed using a structured measurement tool, and qualitative interviews were conducted with four practitioners and six patients. Findings were generated using thematic analysis and descriptive statistics.ResultsOf the directly observed 234 clinician and 309 patient activities, 20.9% and 15.9%, respectively, were classified as therapeutic engagement. Interviews revealed that both clinicians and patients wanted more therapeutic contact, but whereas nurses wanted longer time to spend in individual sessions, patients preferred brief but more frequent interaction with nurses.DiscussionThis study shows disparity between actual and desirable levels of therapeutic interaction. Apart from organizational constraints, a fundamental problem is the lack of definition or established practices of therapeutic engagement.Implications for PracticeThere should be more emphasis on therapeutic engagement in nurse education, ward management and clinical supervision.
The effect of training on noise reduction in neonatal intensive care units
Authors: Calikusu Incekar Mujde , Balci Serap 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeNoise, an environmental stimulus, is especially important in the neurobehavioral development of newborns and brain development of infants at high risk. Conditions in the neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) may cause certain sensory stimuli that are not appropriate for the development of newborns, especially preterm infants. This study was conducted in order to determine noise levels in the NICU and to evaluate the effect of training provided for noise control.Design and MethodsThis study was conducted as a pretest–posttest quasiexperimental design between September and November 2014 in a 30‐bed NICU of a tertiary hospital in Istanbul. A sample group consisting of 30 people (26 nurses, 4 care workers). Noise measurement devices were used in the Training Program of Noise Control.ResultsOf the health professionals, 96.7% were women, 86.7% were nurses, and 63.3% were university graduates. Some 36.7% of the health professionals had worked within the unit for more than 5 years. Noise measurements of full implementations were made over three 24‐h periods. Noise measurements were taken before and after the training on Monday, Friday, and Sunday. Noise levels after training diminished in all three measurements, and the decrease was found statistically significant (P < 0.01).Practice ImplicationsPlanned Noise Control Training for health professionals who work in NICUs is an effective way of reducing noise. We recommend that this training should be given to NICU health professionals and noise levels should be determined through measurements at specific times.