bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Glycated Albumin (GA) to HbA1c Ratio Reflects Shorter‐Term Glycemic Control than GA: Analysis of Patients with Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Koga Masafumi , Inada Shinya , Nakao Taisei , Kawamori Ryuzo , Kasayama Soji 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundGlycated albumin (GA) reflects shorter‐term glycemic control than HbA1c. We have reported that HbA1c is paradoxically increased in diabetic patients whose glycemic control deteriorated before ameliorating. In this study, we analyzed paradoxical increases of glycemic control indicators after treatment in patients with fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D). We also investigated whether the GA/HbA1c ratio may reflect shorter‐term glycemic control than GA.MethodsFive FT1D patients whose post‐treatment HbA1c and GA levels were measured were enrolled. We also used a formula to estimate HbA1c and GA from the fictitious models of changes in plasma glucose in FT1D patients. In this model, the periods during which HbA1c, GA, and the GA/HbA1c ratio were higher than at the first visit were compared. In addition, the half‐life for the GA/HbA1c ratio was calculated in accordance with the half‐lives for HbA1c and GA (36 and 14 days, respectively).ResultsIn all FT1D patients, HbA1c levels 2–4 weeks after treatment were increased, with three patients (60%) experiencing an increase of GA levels. In contrast, an increase of the GA/HbA1c ratio was observed in only one patient. In all of the different models of changes in plasma glucose in FT1D patients, the length of time during which the values were higher than at the first visit was in the order of HbA1c > GA > GA/HbA1c ratio. The half‐life for the GA/HbA1c ratio was 9 days, shorter than GA.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the GA/HbA1c ratio reflects shorter‐term glycemic control than GA.
Treatment Outcome of Adolescent Inpatients With Early‐Onset and Adolescent‐Onset Disruptive Behavior
Authors: de Boer Sjoukje Berdina Beike , Boon Albert Eduard , Verheij Fop , Donker Marianne Catharina Henriëtte , Vermeiren Robert 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveUnlike adolescents with adolescent‐onset (AO) disruptive behavior, adolescents with early‐onset (EO) disruptive behavior may not benefit from treatment.MethodUsing Symptom Checklist (SCL‐90‐R) ratings at admission and discharge of adolescent inpatients with EO (n = 85) and AO (n = 60) disruptive behavior treatment outcome was determined by (a) a change in mean scores and (b) the Reliable Change Index. For a subgroup, ratings on the Satisfaction Questionnaire Residential Youth Care for Parents (n = 83) were used to verify the treatment outcome.ResultsInpatients with EO disruptive behavior had a higher risk of dropout (44.4%) from treatment than the AO group (24.7%). Among the treatment completers, both onset groups reported improvements on the SCL‐90‐R, with 26.9% recovering and 31.7% improving. Inpatients who reported improvement were mostly rated as improved by their parents (r = .33).ConclusionAs EO inpatients are more likely to drop out, interventions should aim at motivating youngsters to continue treatment, particularly given the poor outcome in this group. Treatment may benefit both groups because those EO youths who stayed in treatment improved to the same extent as AO inpatients.
Relations Between Past‐Week Physical Activity and Recent Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury in Treatment‐Seeking Psychiatric Adults
Authors: Jarvi Stephanie M. , Hearon Bridget A. , Batejan Kristen L. , Gironde Stephanie , Björgvinsson Thröstur 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThis research study examines the relationship between past‐week physical activity and recent (i.e., within the past 30 days) nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) in a sample of treatment‐seeking adults. MethodParticipants included 353 (49.29% female; mean age = 35.16 years) adults attending a partial hospitalization program for acute psychiatric issues. Data were extracted from the program's admission battery of computer‐based self‐report measures completed by each participant on the first treatment day.ResultsParticipants with a recent history of NSSI (i.e., within the past 30 days) engaged in significantly less past‐week physical activity than those without a history of NSSI. Group differences remained significant while controlling for anxiety, but not depression.ConclusionResults suggest that, on average, individuals who have never engaged in NSSI exercise more in the week prior to entering the partial hospital program than those who have a recent history of NSSI. Regular physical activity may be an interesting area of study to explore as a promising adjunctive intervention for NSSI (e.g., vigorous exercise as a way to tolerate distress and manage urges to self‐injure).
He thought, she thought: The importance of subjective patterns to understanding team processes
Authors: Emich Kyle J. , Lu Li 
Published: July 2016

SummaryTeams are often described using the mean and variance of their member's characteristics. Recently, research has advanced this paradigm by beginning to explore the importance of patterns of team member perceptions regarding themselves, their teammates, and their teams. We highlight this work and suggest several directions for future research. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weather types and rainfall microstructure in Leon, Spain
Authors: Fernandez‐Raga Maria , Castro Amaya , Marcos Elena , Palencia Covadonga , Fraile Roberto 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTLamb's weather types classification has been used here to analyse the characteristics of raindrops in relation with the meteorological situation. A rainfall gathering campaign has been carried out in Leon [northwesterly (NW) Spain] over 34 months. An optical disdrometer has been used to determine drop sizes and the meteorological situations have been classified from the pressure values at surface level in 16 grid points over the study zone. The results have revealed seasonal differences in the average duration of the rain events: 40 min in winter and 12 in summer. In the study period, the rainiest weather types were the cyclonic types, and the air flows from the north and the west. The raindrop sizes follow a gamma distribution with a higher mode in the case of the weather types with air masses from the west and the southwest. The only exception lies in the purely directional weather types, where a higher mode is found in the case of rain events with eastern flows.
Sacral bone mineral density (BMD) assessment using opportunistic CT scans
Authors: Hoel Ryan J. , Ledonio Charles G. T. , Takahashi Takashi , Polly David W. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis study seeks to establish a method for opportunistic evaluation of sacral bone mineral density. This is a retrospective review of 109 scans from 109 patients who had renal‐protocol computed tomography (CT) scans performed for any indication during a 3‐month period at a single academic institution in 2014. In the collected CT scans, sacral CT‐attenuation in multiple regions of interest (ROI) was compared to the L1 CT‐attenuation, an internal reference standard, to determine if a correlation existed. The sacral ROI were analyzed to determine regions of higher and lower attenuation. All sacral ROI had strong correlations with lumbar spine attenuation values, and these values became even stronger when transitional vertebrae were excluded. Sacral attenuation values varied predictably by location, and matched relationships were shown by prior volumetric bone mineral density studies. We conclude that sacral CT‐attenuation can be used in opportunistic CT scans to determine sacral bone mineral density. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:160–166, 2017.
Saying “No” to Cake or “Yes” to Kale: Approach and Avoidance Strategies in Pursuit of Health Goals
Authors: David Meredith E. , Haws Kelly L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIn developing plans for achieving health‐related goals, two fundamentally different strategies are often used: focusing on healthy foods that one should include in their diet, such as kale (referred to as “approach”), and focusing on unhealthy foods that one should exclude from their diet, such as cake (referred to as “avoidance”). The present research examines the differential effectiveness of approach‐ and avoidance‐based strategies across levels of self‐control, highlighting differences in food choices. The results reveal that those low in self‐control focus on avoidance items they really like and approach items that are less appealing, while those higher in self‐control show an opposite pattern, leading to more‐motivating plans. In addition, the results show that the self‐control by strategy type interaction on liking leads to differences in propensity to choose healthy items. Overall, this research highlights the importance of understanding differences in the implementation of commonly recommended strategies to improve one's health and wellness.
Pleasure and the Control of Food Intake: An Embodied Cognition Approach to Consumer Self‐Regulation
Authors: Petit Olivia , Basso Frédéric , Merunka Dwight , Spence Charles , Cheok Adrian David , Oullier Olivier 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTConsumers try to avoid temptation when exposed to appetizing foods by diverting their attention away from their senses (e.g., sight, smell, mouthfeel) and bodily states (e.g., state of arousal, salivation) in order to focus on their longer term goals (e.g., eating healthily, achieving an ideal body weight). However, when not including sensations in their decision‐making processes, consumers risk depleting their self‐regulatory resources, potentially leading to unhealthy food choices. Conversely, based on the concept of “embodied self‐regulation,” the suggestion is made that considering bodily states may help consumers regulate their food choices more effectively. A new model is proposed that facilitates understanding observed consumer behavior and the success or failure of self‐control in food intake. It is argued that bodily states and sensory information should be considered when modeling consumer behavior and developing health‐related advocacy and communication campaigns. The model proposed here leads to new perspectives on consumer consumption behavior and health policy research and strategies.
The Role of Anticipated Emotions in Purchase Intentions
Authors: Bagozzi Richard P. , Belanche Daniel , Casaló Luis V. , Flavián Carlos 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTKey personal inputs to decision making reside in expectations about whether a purchase or nonpurchase will make one feel better. Integrating several theoretical approaches, this research proposes a holistic framework formed by four kinds of anticipated emotions (AEs) resulting from the crossing of positive‐ or negative‐valenced emotions with action or inaction. Specifically, this research proposes that consumers under a purchase scenario tend to consider positive and negative AEs of both purchase and nonpurchase in their decisions. Research in this area to date has been sparse and focused mostly on AEs with regard to purchase, but not nonpurchase. The results of four studies confirm that AEs influence purchase decisions in a coordinated way depending on their instrumentality, motivating purchase or nonpurchase. AEs also partially mediate the effect of outcome valence on purchase decisions. Taking the status quo bias as a theoretical basis, this work proposes that the amount of information of favorable and unfavorable outcome messages has a greater influence on AEs motivating purchase than AEs motivating nonpurchase. Finally, future research lines are proposed to expand the use of this fourfold framework and more generally to understand the role of forward‐looking emotions in decision processes.
Brand Ownership As a Central Component of Adolescent Self‐esteem: The Development of a New Self‐esteem Scale
Authors: Isaksen Katja , Roper Stuart 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis article outlines the development of a new scale to measure adolescent self‐esteem. The new scale addresses weaknesses in existing measures that have failed to consider the growth of the consumer society in the Western world and the impact of this on the formation of adolescent self‐esteem. The development of this scale includes extensive qualitative research with over 100 high school pupils, which led to a series of quantitative data collection and analysis processes to develop the scale. In the final stage, data were collected from 889 pupils and analyzed to confirm the validity and reliability of the new measure. The result of this work is a 21‐item self‐esteem scale comprising of four distinct, yet interrelated factors: self‐evaluation, social ability, social comparison effects, and notably, brand ownership. The findings provide an updated and upgraded measure of self‐esteem that takes into consideration the specific audience of adolescents living in a consumer culture. The scale development process demonstrates that when considering the formation of self‐esteem, the influence of the use and possession of commercial brands is as relevant as the traditional factors/components such as academic achievement or sporting prowess.
A Series of 211 Children with Probable Essential Tremor
Authors: Ghosh Debabrata , Brar Harmeet , Lhamu Ugen , Rothner A. David , Erenberg Gerald 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to characterize the clinical features, course, and treatment of essential tremor (ET) in children.MethodsA retrospective chart review was conducted over 25 years (1984–2011). Inclusion criteria were age <21 years and satisfying the core diagnostic criteria for ET. Primary exclusion criteria included other neurological findings, tremorogenic medications, sudden onset/stepwise progression, primary orthostatic tremor, and isolated task specificity; and secondary exclusion criteria were abnormal neuroimaging or metabolic/thyroid studies. Cases were reviewed for age, sex, family history, tremor characteristics, functional impairment, treatment, and follow‐up.ResultsIn total, 211 children had ET, including 130 males and 81 females. The mean ± standard deviation age was at diagnosis was 14.09 ± 5.0 years, the age of onset was 9.71 ± 5.62 years, and the age of onset was birth in 7 children. One hundred ninety‐nine children had bilateral hand tremor, 34 had asymmetry, 9 had unilateral onset but later became bilateral. Twelve children had voice tremors, 13 had leg tremors, 5 had head tremors, and 7 had trunk tremors. Tremor at rest was present in 20 children. Thirty‐five percent of the children had a family history of ET, including in a father (n = 21), mother (n = 13), brother (n = 6), sister (n = 3), and other family member (n = 28). Fifty‐five percent of patients had functional disabilities, including writing (n = 66), eating (n = 28) drinking from a cup (n = 13), typing (n = 4), playing instruments (n = 6), buttoning (n = 6), and playing (n = 3). For treatment, 33 patients received propranolol, 1 received atenolol, 13 received primidone, 3 received metoprolol, and 1 received nadolol. In total, 99 patients were followed for a mean ± standard deviation of 1.82 ± 2.21 years.If left untreated, tremor remained unchanged in 33 patients, and 7 had an apparent short‐term improvement. On propranolol, 15 of 20 patients significantly improved.ConclusionsThis is the largest series to date of ET in children. The current findings indicate that onset at birth is possible, family history is less common in children than in adults, and tremor at rest is possible. Functional disability was noted in 55% of children, and 29.4% required medication.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Parkinson's Disease Mild Cognitive Impairment Battery Using the Movement Disorder Society Task Force Criteria
Authors: Bezdicek Ondrej , Nikolai Tomas , Michalec Jiri , Růžička Filip , Havránková Petra , Roth Jan , Jech Robert , Růžička Evžen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to provide empirical evidence regarding the classification accuracy of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) neuropsychological battery (NB) in the determination of Parkinson's disease mild cognitive impairment (PD‐MCI).MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study included 106 PD patients subjected to PD‐MCI classification at Level I and 120 healthy controls (HCs). All HC and PD subjects were then assessed with MDS‐NB at Level II and matched according to age and education using different thresholds (1.5 and 2.0 standard deviations [SDs] below average).ResultsWe found that Level I and II resulted in different classifications of PD‐MCI status. Detection thresholds of –1.5 SD and –2.0 SDs at Level II had also a significant impact on the discriminative validity of all measures in the MDS neuropsychological battery, based on area under the curve analyses. Overall, semantic fluency showed the highest potential in all comparisons not only between PD‐MCI and HC, but also between PD‐MCI and PD with no deficit (PD‐ND).ConclusionsOur results show that the battery at Level II is applicable and that some measures, such as semantic fluency, have high discriminative validity in the detection of PD‐MCI versus PD‐ND and HCs.
A Retrospective Evaluation of the Frequency of Impulsive Compulsive Behaviors in Parkinson's Disease Patients Treated with Continuous Waking Day Apomorphine Pumps
Authors: Barbosa Pedro , Lees Andrew J. , Magee Cathy , Djamshidian Atbin , Warner Thomas T. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundImpulsive compulsive behaviors (ICBs) can have a deleterious impact on the lives of patients with PD with orally active dopamine agonist treatment recognized as the greatest risk factor. However, the relationship between subcutaneous administration of the dopamine agonist, apomorphine, and impulsive compulsive behaviors is unknown.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 28 advanced PD patients treated with subcutaneous waking day apomorphine ambulatory minipumps at the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (London, UK).ResultsTwelve of the patients had experienced impulsive compulsive behaviors before starting apomorphine. Reduction of oral dopamine agonist dose before apomorphine had led to complete resolution in 6 cases with no recurrence on long‐term apomorphine maintenance therapy. Six patients still had active impulsive compulsive behaviors when apomorphine was started. Four of these improved, and in the other 2 there was no worsening. Of the 16 patients with no previous history of impulsive compulsive behaviors who started apomorphine, only 1, who was still receiving concurrent levodopa, developed impulsive compulsive behaviors.ConclusionsThese data provide preliminary evidence that continuous apomorphine pump therapy has a lower proclivity to trigger or exacerbate impulsive compulsive behaviors than oral dopamine agonists. This is likely to be attributed to a more tonic stimulation of striatal dopamine receptors leading to desensitisation, but could also be attributed to a different pharmacological profile of apomorphine compared with orally active dopamine agonists. Apomorphine can be considered as a treatment option in patients who have developed disabling impulsive compulsive behaviors on oral agonist therapy whose motor handicap cannot be controlled adequately on l‐dopa alone. Further prospective studies are needed to provide a definitive answer to this question.
Empirical Scoring Functions for Affinity Prediction of Protein‐ligand Complexes
Authors: Pason Lukas P. , Sotriffer Christoph A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe ability to rapidly assess the quality of a protein‐ligand complex in terms of its affinity is of fundamental importance for various methods of computer‐aided drug design. While simple filtering or matching critieria may be sufficient in fast docking methods or at early stages of virtual screening, estimates of the actual free energy of binding are needed whenever refined docking solutions, ligand rankings or support for the optimization of hit compounds are required. If rigorous free energy calculations based on molecular simulations are impractical, such affinity estimates are provided by scoring functions. The class of empirical scoring functions aims to provide them via a regression‐based approach. Using experimental structures and affinity data of protein‐ligand complexes and descriptors suitable to capture the essential features of the interaction, these functions are trained with classical linear regression techniques or machine‐learning methods. The latter have led to considerable improvements in terms of prediction accuracy for large generic data sets. Nevertheless, many limitations are not yet resolved and pose significant challenges for future developments.
“You don't know what's wrong with you”: an exploration of cancer‐related experiences in people with an intellectual disability
Authors: Flynn Samantha , Hulbert‐Williams Nicholas J. , Hulbert‐Williams Lee , Bramwell Ros 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveFew empirical studies have explored cancer‐related experiences of people with an intellectual disability (ID), despite rising cancer incidence in this population. The present research aims to better understand the experiences of this population from multiple perspectives, generating theory and further research questions.MethodsSix people with ID and cancer, alongside 12 participants from their supportive network (including family and social and health care professionals), were interviewed; transcripts were analyzed using grounded theory.ResultsPeople with ID were often overlooked within cancer consultations and excluded from conversations about their care and treatment‐related decisions. Caregivers (family and paid) were relied upon to facilitate communication and understanding and supplement health care professional knowledge. Caregivers' attempts to protect the patient from distress harmed communication further; our interviewees suggest that increased involvement and empowerment mediated cancer‐related distress. Where health care professionals possessed good patient‐centered skills, and additional support was offered, people with ID were more likely to engage meaningfully in their cancer‐related experience.ConclusionsInterestingly, emergent concepts were consistent with general psycho‐oncology literature; however, incidence and severity of difficulty was substantially greater in this sample. This disparity warrants further exploration, with a need for intervention research to develop effective ways of supporting health care professionals in enhancing patient‐centered skills with this population. In the clinical setting, patient involvement in health care decisions (despite problems associated with comorbidity) is imperative to optimize engagement.