bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standardized Approach to Pediatric Post-COVID Syndrome and Its Impact on Children and Adolescents: A Perspective From a Tertiary Center
Authors: Nzale Shadya , Perrin Anne , Soroken Cindy , Nehme Mayssam , Posfay-Barbe Klara M. , L’Huillier Arnaud G. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Pediatric post-COVID syndrome (pPCS) affects a notable number of children. This study aims to describe its clinical manifestations, biopsychosocial impact and management strategies.

Methods:
A prospective, single-center study was conducted to analyze data of pPCS patients presenting to our institution between May 2021 and November 2022. Functional impact was evaluated by assessing school absenteeism and by using the Adolescent Depression Rating Scale (ADRS), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and Fatigue Severity Scale.

Results:
Among the 50 patients included [median age (interquartile range): 14.0 (12.9–15.8) years; females: 70%], the most common symptoms were extreme fatigue (84%), exertion intolerance (82%), orthostatism (66%), dyspnea (66%) and headache (66%); 25% had an abnormal Schellong test. Median (interquartile range) ADRS, PedsQL and Fatigue Severity Scale scores were 3.0 (1.0–5.0), 56% (49%–71%) and 45.0 (32.0–53.0), respectively. Sixty percent experienced partial (34%) or complete (26%) school absenteeism. The most common referrals to specialized consultations were child psychiatry (48%), pulmonology (46%), physiotherapy (36%) and an ear-nose-throat specialist (24%). Eighty percent had a typical form of pPCS, whereas 20% had a clinical presentation suggestive of a functional disorder triggered by COVID-19. The latter had more frequent thoracic pain (P = 0.012) and more referrals to pediatric neurology (P = 0.01), gastroenterology (P = 0.011), ophthalmology (P = 0.037) and child psychiatry (P = 0.035), but less to pulmonology (P = 0.014). School absenteeism and social withdrawal were also more common in this group, with more severe PedsQL and ADRS scores.

Conclusion:
pPCS is associated with a significant socio-educational burden that should be taken into account in medical, social and educational care.
Severe intraocular lens tilt after the Yamane technique
Authors: Kelkar Neil , Eid Kevin , Nakatsuka Austin S. , Johnson Catherine , Mamalis Nick , Werner Liliana 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate CT Lucia 602 intraocular lenses implanted in cases lacking capsular support and explanted because of decentration/dislocation with subsequent pathological analysis. The main objectives were to (1) document the status of haptics and (2) verify the presence of the rotisserie effect.

Setting:
John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.

Design:
Case series with clinicopathological correlation.

Methods:
13 explanted CT Lucia 602 lenses were included: 12 implanted by the Yamane technique and 1 that was iris-fixated. 4 lenses were explanted between October 2020 and February 2022. 9 lenses, explanted between November 2022 and February 2024, also exhibited severe optic tilt, leading to explantation. A chart review was performed to obtain clinical information from each case. Explanted lenses underwent gross and microscopic examination for haptic status and rotation, in the dry state (room temperature) and after hydration (body temperature).

Results:
Time between implantation and explantation was longer for lenses explanted before November 2022 (without severe tilt). Among the 26 haptics evaluated, 15 were deformed, 6 were broken, 2 were detached, and 3 were unremarkable. 4 haptics of Yamane lenses explanted between November 2022 and February 2024 showed free rotation within the optic insertion, after hydration at body temperature.

Conclusions:
Anecdotal reports of the rotisserie effect of CT Lucia 602 lenses implanted by the Yamane technique appeared mostly during the second half of 2022 and suggested that affected lenses were from specific batches, which seems to be consistent with the findings of this study.
Clinical outcomes of round spermatid injection vs intracytoplasmic sperm injection: The role of hormonal pretreatment for nonobstructive azoospermia
Authors: Cheng Nai-Ming , Huang William J. , Huang Chen-Yu , Chen Yi-Jen , Ho Chi-Hong 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Round spermatid injection (ROSI) into oocytes offers men with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) the opportunity to have biological offspring in cases where mature spermatozoa are not detected. However, the clinical outcomes of ROSI remain poor. This study compared the outcomes of ROSI with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and investigated the effect of hormonal pretreatment.

Methods:
This retrospective cohort study enrolled infertile couples undergoing either ROSI or ICSI at the reproductive center in Taipei Veterans General Hospital. The administration of selective estrogen receptor modulators, gonadotropins, and aromatase inhibitors in male patients were recorded. Relevant hormonal markers and biochemical parameters were determined. The outcomes of ROSI and ICSI were assessed based on fertilization rate, implantation rate, and live birth rate.

Results:
A total of 36 couples were recruited in the ROSI group, whereas 39 couples were recruited in the ICSI group for the analysis. Patients in each group demonstrated similar characteristics, except for a higher proportion of male patients in the ROSI group who were pretreated with anastrozole. The fertilization rate and implantation rate were similar between ROSI and ICSI groups after adjusting for confounding variables. The live birth rate was significantly lower in the ROSI group (8.3%) than in the ICSI group (30.8%) before and after adjusting for confounding variables.

Conclusion:
ROSI demonstrated fertilization and implantation rates comparable to those of ICSI for male patient with NOA undergoing testicular sperm extraction surgery. Anastrozole may improve the outcomes of ROSI into oocytes. Further studies evaluating the effect of anastrozole administration on ROSI outcomes are warranted.
Does patient-ventilator asynchrony really matter?
Authors: Docci Mattia , Rodrigues Antenor , Dubo Sebastian , Ko Matthew , Brochard Laurent 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
Past observational studies have reported the association between patient-ventilator asynchronies and poor clinical outcomes, namely longer duration of mechanical ventilation and higher mortality. But causality has remained undetermined. During the era of lung and diaphragm protective ventilation, should we revolutionize our clinical practice to detect and treat dyssynchrony?

Recent findings
Clinicians’ ability to recognize asynchronies is typically low. Automatized softwares based on artificial intelligence have been trained to largely outperform human eyesight and are close to be implemented at the bedside. There is growing evidence that in susceptible patients, dyssynchrony may lead to ventilation-induced lung injury (or patient self-inflicted lung injury) and that clusters of such dyssynchronous events have the highest association with poor outcomes. Dyssynchrony may also be associated with harm indirectly when it reflects over-assistance or over-sedation. However, the occurrence of reverse triggering by means of low inspiratory efforts during passive ventilation may prevent diaphragm dysfunction and atrophy and be beneficial.

Summary
Most recent evidence on the topic suggests that synchrony between the patient and the mechanical ventilator is a critical element for protecting lung and diaphragm during the time of invasive mechanical ventilation or may reflect inadequate settings or sedation. Therefore, it is a complex situation, and clinical trials are still needed to test the effectiveness of keeping patient-ventilator interaction synchronous on clinical outcomes.
Future directions in transmasculine genital gender-affirming surgery: tissue substitutes and transplant
Authors: Xu Alex J. , Zeki Jessica Abou , Khouri Joseph S. , Mishra Kirtishri , Gupta Shubham 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
The present study reviews contemporary literature focused on transplantation and tissue substitutes for the purposes of masculinizing genital gender affirming surgery. Additional background is provided for both topics to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the modern applications.

Recent findings
Genitourinary vascularized composite allotransplantation has become a reality in recent years with several cases reported worldwide in cisgender men with promising reports of urinary and sexual function. A natural extension might be to apply these techniques to gender affirming surgery (GAS). Technical barriers include anatomic differences between vasculature supporting penoscrotal and vulvovaginal anatomy as well as size discrepancies between the corporal bodies which complicate the required anastomoses. Whether the smaller caliber of biologic female pelvic vasculature can support erection of a neophallus is another obstacle. Ethically, resource allocation, elective immunosuppression, society response to organ donation and gender identity, as well as the psychosocial safety of the patient given charged public opinion must all be considered.
Tissue substitutes have long been used in urologic reconstruction but more recently applied to masculinizing gender affirmation surgery which has traditionally relied on autografting. The focus has been on restoring form and function to the donor site as well as facilitating treatment of urethral stricture and wound complications after phalloplasty. Furthermore, aesthetic applications have also been described, most recently for glans atrophy.

Summary
The field of masculinizing gender affirmation surgery represents an exciting frontier for surgeons and patients alike. Given the relative nascency of the specialty and its propensity to draw techniques from various surgical disciplines there exists a unique opportunity for rapid innovation to overcome challenging problems posed by these complex procedures as evidenced by discussions around applying penile transplantation and the use of novel tissue grafting techniques.
Polymyxin-B induced Bartter-like syndrome: an unusual adverse effect
Authors: Taik Sophia , Hashmi Razi , Mahtani Arun , Piccione Gianpaolo , Albakri Mohamed , Farid Meena , Fabian Daniel , Tindoy Merschelle , Sethi Yashendra , Padda Inderbir , Bin Emran Talha 
Published: October 2024

Introduction and importance:
Bartter syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder affecting renal tubular function leading to disturbances in electrolyte and volume homeostasis. It can also manifest as Bartter-like syndrome (BLS), a rare side effect of certain medications. Polymyxin-B, an antibiotic used to treat multidrug-resistant infections is infrequently associated with BLS. Hence, early diagnosis of this adverse effect is crucial to prevent severe electrolyte imbalances.

Case presentation:
A 73-year-old female with coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and hyperlipidemia, presented with fever, respiratory distress, and hypoxia on mechanical ventilation. Initial labs showed leukocytosis, anemia, and normal potassium. Despite receiving broad-spectrum antibiotics there was no improvement in her clinical condition. A sputum culture revealed pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, sensitive only to Polymyxin-B. After six days of receiving polymyxin-B, the patient developed fever, hypotension, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, and polyuria. Urine studies indicated increased potassium excretion. A diagnosis of BLS was made. Polymyxin-B was discontinued, and the patient’s electrolytes normalized. She was discharged with daily potassium and magnesium supplements.

Clinical discussion:
BLS can result from polymyxin-B-induced tubular dysfunction characterized by hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia. Early recognition allowed for the timely discontinuation of polymyxin-B, which rapidly reversed her electrolyte disturbances.

Conclusion:
This case underscores the importance of recognizing polymyxin-B-induced BLS. Clinicians should be vigilant for electrolyte disturbances in patients receiving treatment with polymyxin-B, ensuring timely interventions to mitigate adverse outcomes.
Analysis of time to regulatory approval in an exception from informed consent trial in trauma patients
Authors: Stephens Shannon W. , Carroll-Ledbetter Christy R. , Duckert Sarah , Coffman Tanner W. , Nelson Margaret A. , Rodgers Joel , Griffin Russell L. , Grzyb Sarah , Suen Amy , Casey Jeremy , Sloan Steven R. , Goldstein Brahm , Richwood Jay , Delfs Julia , McClintock Adam J. , Gelinas Luke , Higley Amanda , Joseph Bellal , Holcomb John B. , Jansen Jan O. 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
The interactive media–based approach to community consultation and public disclosure (CC/PD), a key step when conducting exception from informed consent (EFIC) clinical trials, is intended to be completed in 4 months. This analysis characterizes the process, from initiation of CC/PD activities to institutional review board approval, to better understand the barriers and how these can be mitigated.

METHODS
This is a retrospective post hoc analysis of data collected as part of the CC/PD campaigns conducted for a large trial involving up to 90 trauma centers in the United States. Each site was provided with templated materials that had been reviewed and approved by a central institutional review board (cIRB). We collected the dates of milestones, including the study “kickoff call,” start of the social media campaign, dates of online community meetings, date of submission of site report to the cIRB, and cIRB approval date.

RESULTS
Sixty-two sites were cIRB approved at the time of this analysis. The median time from the kickoff call to the start of the social media campaign was 79 days, with an interquartile range of 33 to 126 days (range, 0–285 days). All social media campaigns ran for the prescribed period of at least 2 months. All sites conducted at least four online community meetings. The median number of days from the kickoff call to cIRB approval was 216 days (interquartile range, 168–281 days; range, 116–459 days). There was no significant difference between sites that had previous experience of EFIC trials.

CONCLUSION
Using the interactive media–based approach, CC/PD can be completed quickly; however, there are barriers that can incur substantial delays. Greater harmonization of local administrative processes would shorten the time to conduct CC/PD activities and facilitate the timely commencement and execution of EFIC trials.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.
Prevention and management of medical adhesive-related skin injuries in tumor patients with peripheral central venous catheters: a best practice implementation project
Authors: Tang Huang , Zhong Xuemei , Wu Caixia , Fan Yunfei , Li Qinghua , Chen Qingxia , Li Xiaojin , Ruan Jing , Xia Chunxia 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Peripheral central venous catheters are common vascular access devices used in patients with tumors. To prevent catheter shedding and displacement, it is essential to use medical adhesives to secure the catheters. Repeated adhesion and removal of medical adhesives can weaken the barrier function of the skin, leading to medical adhesive-related skin injuries (MARSI), which can increase the patients’ pain and medical expenses.

Objectives:
The objective of this project was to utilize the best evidence to prevent and manage MARSI in tumor patients with peripheral central venous catheters.

Methods:
This evidence-based audit and feedback project was theoretically informed by the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework. The framework involves seven phases in which a project team was established; measurable criteria were selected; baseline data were collected; improvement strategies were implemented to address gaps in compliance; a follow-up audit was conducted to assess improvements in compliance; and sustainability measures were considered. The project also used the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System (PACES) for project management, including data collection and analysis. The JBI Getting Research into Practice (GRiP) approach was also used to support implementation and compliance.

Results:
In the baseline audit, the compliance rate for the nine audit criteria was low. In the follow-up audit, the compliance rate significantly improved, with each audit criterion exceeding a minimum of 80%, and four audit criteria reaching 100%. Knowledge of MARSI among nurses and patients significantly improved (p < 0.05) and the incidence of MARSI among patients with peripheral central venous catheters decreased.

Conclusions:
This project successfully enhanced nurses’ compliance with MARSI prevention and management and increased the knowledge and skills of both nurses and patients about MARSI.

Spanish abstract:

http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A285
Inhibition of PIM kinase in tumor associated macrophages suppresses inflammasome activation and sensitizes prostate cancer to immunotherapy
Authors: Clements Amber N. , Casillas Andrea L. , Flores Caitlyn E. , Liou Hope , Toth Rachel K. , Chauhan Shailender S. , Sutterby Kai , Deshmukh Sachin Kumar , Wu Sharon , Xiu Joanne , Farrell Alex , Radovich Milan , Nabhan Chadi , Heath Elisabeth I. , McKay Rana R. , Subah Noor , Centuori Sara , Wheeler Travis J. , Cress Anne E. , Rogers Gregory C. , Wilson Justin E. , Recio-Boiles Alejandro , Warfel Noel A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImmunotherapy has changed the treatment paradigm for many types of cancer, but immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have not shown benefit in prostate cancer (PCa). Chronic inflammation contributes to the immunosuppressive prostate tumor microenvironment (TME) and is associated with poor response to ICIs. The primary source of inflammatory cytokine production is the inflammasome. Here, we identify PIM kinases as important regulators of inflammasome activation in tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Analysis of clinical data from a cohort of treatment naïve, hormone responsive PCa patients revealed that tumors from patients with high PIM1/2/3 display an immunosuppressive TME characterized by high inflammation (IL-1β and TNFα) and a high density of repressive immune cells, most notably TAMs. Strikingly, macrophage-specific knockout of PIM reduced tumor growth in syngeneic models of prostate cancer. Transcriptional analyses indicate that eliminating PIM from macrophages enhanced the adaptive immune response and increased cytotoxic immune cells. Combined treatment with PIM inhibitors and ICIs synergistically reduced tumor growth. Immune profiling revealed that PIM inhibitors sensitized PCa tumors to ICIs by increasing tumor suppressive TAMs and increasing the activation of cytotoxic T cells. Collectively, our data implicate macrophage PIM as a driver of inflammation that limits the potency of ICIs and provides preclinical evidence that PIM inhibitors are an effective strategy to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy in prostate cancer.
Body dissatisfaction shapes time perception and interoception interplay
Authors: Rusinova Anna , Volodina Maria , Terenteva Kristina , Kosonogov Vladimir 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between emotions, physiological responses, interoception, and time perception. We also aimed to understand how body dissatisfaction influences this interplay. Participants (N = 40) watched videos designed to evoke positive, neutral, and negative emotions while their heart rate was monitored via electrocardiography.Our findings indicate that video duration perception varied depending on emotional content. Negative and neutral videos were perceived as shorter, while positive videos were estimated more accurately. Negative emotions were linked to a decrease in heart rate, suggesting a “freeze response,” while positive and neutral content did not significantly affect heart rate.A significant correlation between heart rate and time perception was observed in participants with a normal body image, indicating that heart rate might serve as an internal clock. However, this correlation was absent in those with body image dissatisfaction, implying a weakened link between physiological states and time perception. Additionally, a strong negative correlation between heart rate and interoceptive accuracy was found in participants with body image dissatisfaction.The results suggest that body image dissatisfaction disrupts the integration of emotional and physiological signals, affecting how we perceive and understand our internal bodily sensations and emotions.
Interaction of Genetic Variants Activates Latent Metabolic Pathways in Yeast
Authors: Sasikumar Srijith , Parkins Shannara Taylor , Sudarsan Suresh , Sinha Himanshu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGenetic interactions are prevalent across species, from yeast to humans, and play a crucial role in shaping complex traits. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions remain largely unexplored. Here, we answer the question of whether interactions between genetic variants can activate novel unique pathways and if such pathways can be targeted to modulate phenotypic outcomes. The model organismSaccharomyces cerevisiaewas used to investigate the interaction between two key SNPs,MKT189GandTAO34477C, during sporulation, a complex dynamic metabolic process. By integrating temporal gene expression and proteomics data, we show that these SNPs, in combination, activate amino acid metabolism, particularly the arginine biosynthesis pathway, while downregulating ribosome biogenesis, an energy-intensive process in response to nutrient starvation. This metabolic trade-off reveals a key mechanism by which SNP interactions modulate cellular responses to environmental stress, thereby enhancing sporulation. Further, the essential role of the arginine biosynthetic pathway in maintaining mitochondrial activity when these SNPs interact has been validated experimentally with deletion mutants. Our findings illustrate a broader impact beyond yeast, especially on complex human metabolic diseases like cancer, where specific SNP combinations hyperactivate ribosomal pathways while suppressing metabolic pathways that usually control cell growth, leading to uncontrolled proliferation.