bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aerodynamic Efficiency Optimization of the 1st Stage of Transonic High Pressure Turbine through Lean and Sweep Angles
Authors: Kim Yoonki , Lee Sanga , Yee Kwanjung , Kang Young-Seok 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to optimize the 1st stage of the transonic high pressure turbine (HPT) for enhancement of aerodynamic performance. Isentropic total-to-total efficiency is designated as the objective function. Since the isentropic efficiency can be improved through modifying the geometry of vane and rotor blade, lean angle and sweep angle are chosen as design variables, which can effectively alter the blade geometry. The sensitivities of each design variable are investigated by applying lean and sweep angles to the base nozzle and rotor, respectively. The design space is also determined based on the results of the parametric study. For the design of experiment (DoE), Optimal Latin Hypercube sampling is adopted, so that 25 evenly distributed samples are selected on the design space. Sequentially, based on the values from the CFD calculation, Kriging surrogate model is constructed and refined using Expected Improvement (EI). With the converged surrogate model, optimum solution is sought by using the Genetic Algorithm. As a result, the efficiency of optimum turbine 1st stage is increased by 1.07 % point compared to that of the base turbine 1st stage. Also, the blade loading, pressure distribution, static entropy, shock structure, and secondary flow are thoroughly discussed.
GABA-B Agonist Baclofen Normalizes Auditory-Evoked Neural Oscillations and Behavioral Deficits in theFmr1Knockout Mouse Model of Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Sinclair D. , Featherstone R. , Naschek M. , Nam J. , Du A. , Wright S. , Pance K. , Melnychenko O. , Weger R. , Akuzawa S. , Matsumoto M. , Siegel S. J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFragile X syndrome is a genetic condition resulting fromFMR1gene mutation that leads to intellectual disability, autism-like symptoms, and sensory hypersensitivity. Arbaclofen, a GABA-B agonist, has shown efficacy in some individuals with FXS but has become unavailable after unsuccessful clinical trials, prompting interest in publicly available, racemic baclofen. The present study investigated whether racemic baclofen can remediate abnormalities of neural circuit function, sensory processing, and behavior inFmr1knockout mice, a rodent model of fragile X syndrome.Fmr1knockout mice showed increased baseline and auditory-evoked high-frequency gamma (30–80 Hz) power relative to C57BL/6 controls, as measured by electroencephalography. These deficits were accompanied by decreased T maze spontaneous alternation, decreased social interactions, and increased open field center time, suggestive of diminished working memory, sociability, and anxiety-like behavior, respectively. Abnormal auditory-evoked gamma oscillations, working memory, and anxiety-related behavior were normalized by treatment with baclofen, but impaired sociability was not. Improvements in working memory were evident predominantly in mice whose auditory-evoked gamma oscillations were dampened by baclofen. These findings suggest that racemic baclofen may be useful for targeting sensory and cognitive disturbances in fragile X syndrome.
Changes in Appetitive Associative Strength Modulates Nucleus Accumbens, But Not Orbitofrontal Cortex Neuronal Ensemble Excitability
Authors: Ziminski Joseph J. , Hessler Sabine , Margetts-Smith Gabriella , Sieburg Meike C. , Crombag Hans S. , Koya Eisuke 
Published: February 2017

Cues that predict the availability of food rewards influence motivational states and elicit food-seeking behaviors. If a cue no longer predicts food availability, then animals may adapt accordingly by inhibiting food-seeking responses. Sparsely activated sets of neurons, coined “neuronal ensembles,” have been shown to encode the strength of reward–cue associations. Although alterations in intrinsic excitability have been shown to underlie many learning and memory processes, little is known about these properties specifically on cue-activated neuronal ensembles. We examined the activation patterns of cue-activated orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell ensembles using wild-type andFos-GFPmice, which express green fluorescent protein (GFP) in activated neurons, after appetitive conditioning with sucrose and extinction learning. We also investigated the neuronal excitability of recently activated, GFP+ neurons in these brain areas using whole-cell electrophysiology in brain slices. Exposure to a sucrose cue elicited activation of neurons in both the NAc shell and OFC. In the NAc shell, but not the OFC, these activated GFP+ neurons were more excitable than surrounding GFP− neurons. After extinction, the number of neurons activated in both areas was reduced and activated ensembles in neither area exhibited altered excitability. These data suggest that learning-induced alterations in the intrinsic excitability of neuronal ensembles is regulated dynamically across different brain areas. Furthermore, we show that changes in associative strength modulate the excitability profile of activated ensembles in the NAc shell.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSparsely distributed sets of neurons called “neuronal ensembles” encode learned associations about food and cues predictive of its availability. Widespread changes in neuronal excitability have been observed in limbic brain areas after associative learning, but little is known about the excitability changes that occur specifically on neuronal ensembles that encode appetitive associations. Here, we reveal that sucrose cue exposure recruited a more excitable ensemble in the nucleus accumbens, but not orbitofrontal cortex, compared with their surrounding neurons. This excitability difference was not observed when the cue's salience was diminished after extinction learning. These novel data provide evidence that the intrinsic excitability of appetitive memory-encoding ensembles is regulated differentially across brain areas and adapts dynamically to changes in associative strength.
TheDrosophilaPostsynaptic DEG/ENaC Channelppk29Contributes to Excitatory Neurotransmission
Authors: Hill Alexis , Zheng Xingguo , Li Xiling , McKinney Ross , Dickman Dion , Ben-Shahar Yehuda 
Published: February 2017

The protein family of degenerin/epithelial sodium channels (DEG/ENaCs) is composed of diverse animal-specific, non-voltage-gated ion channels that play important roles in regulating cationic gradients across epithelial barriers. Some family members are also enriched in neural tissues in both vertebrates and invertebrates. However, the specific neurophysiological functions of most DEG/ENaC-encoding genes remain poorly understood. The fruit flyDrosophila melanogasteris an excellent model for deciphering the functions of DEG/ENaC genes because its genome encodes an exceptionally large number of DEG/ENaC subunits termedpickpocket(ppk)1–31. Here we demonstrate thatppk29contributes specifically to the postsynaptic modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission at the larval neuromuscular junction. Electrophysiological data indicate that the function ofppk29in muscle is necessary for normal postsynaptic responsivity to neurotransmitter release and for normal coordinated larval movement. Theppk29mutation does not affect gross synaptic morphology and ultrastructure, which indicates that the observed phenotypes are likely due to defects in glutamate receptor function. Together, our data indicate that DEG/ENaC ion channels play a fundamental role in the postsynaptic regulation of excitatory neurotransmission.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTMembers of the degenerin/epithelial sodium channel (DEG/ENaC) family are broadly expressed in epithelial and neuronal tissues. To date, the neurophysiological functions of most family members remain unknown. Here, by using the power ofDrosophilagenetics in combination with electrophysiological and behavioral approaches, we demonstrate that the DEG/ENaC-encoding genepickpocket 29contributes to baseline neurotransmission, possibly via the modulation of postsynaptic glutamate receptor functionality.
Soft Selective Sweeps in Evolutionary Rescue
Authors: Wilson Benjamin A , Pennings Pleuni S , Petrov Dmitri A 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Evolutionary rescue occurs when a population that is declining in size because of an environmental change is rescued from extinction by genetic adaptation. Evolutionary rescue is an important phenomenon at the intersection of ecology and population genetics, and the study of evolutionary rescue is critical to understanding processes ranging from species conservation to the evolution of drug and pesticide resistance. While most population-genetic models of evolutionary rescue focus on estimating the probability of rescue, we focus on whether one or more adaptive lineages contribute to evolutionary rescue. We find that when evolutionary rescue is likely, it is often driven by soft selective sweeps where multiple adaptive mutations spread through the population simultaneously. We give full analytic results for the probability of evolutionary rescue and the probability that evolutionary rescue occurs via soft selective sweeps. We expect that these results will find utility in understanding the genetic signatures associated with various evolutionary rescue scenarios in large populations, such as the evolution of drug resistance in viral, bacterial, or eukaryotic pathogens.
Wheat Landrace Genome Diversity
Authors: Wingen Luzie U , West Claire , Leverington-Waite Michelle , Collier Sarah , Orford Simon , Goram Richard , Yang Cai-Yun , King Julie , Allen Alexandra M , Burridge Amanda , Edwards Keith J , Griffiths Simon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the genomic complexity of bread wheat is important for unraveling domestication processes, environmental adaptation, and for future of...Understanding the genomic complexity of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a cornerstone in the quest to unravel the processes of domestication and the following adaptation of domesticated wheat to a wide variety of environments across the globe. Additionally, it is of importance for future improvement of the crop, particularly in the light of climate change. Focusing on the adaptation after domestication, a nested association mapping (NAM) panel of 60 segregating biparental populations was developed, mainly involving landrace accessions from the core set of the Watkins hexaploid wheat collection optimized for genetic diversity. A modern spring elite variety, “Paragon,” was used as common reference parent. Genetic maps were constructed following identical rules to make them comparable. In total, 1611 linkage groups were identified, based on recombination from an estimated 126,300 crossover events over the whole NAM panel. A consensus map, named landrace consensus map (LRC), was constructed and contained 2498 genetic loci. These newly developed genetics tools were used to investigate the rules underlying genome fluidity or rigidity, e.g., by comparing marker distances and marker orders. In general, marker order was highly correlated, which provides support for strong synteny between bread wheat accessions. However, many exceptional cases of incongruent linkage groups and increased marker distances were also found. Segregation distortion was detected for many markers, sometimes as hot spots present in different populations. Furthermore, evidence for translocations in at least 36 of the maps was found. These translocations fell, in general, into many different translocation classes, but a few translocation classes were found in several accessions, the most frequent one being the well-known T5B:7B translocation. Loci involved in recombination rate, which is an interesting trait for plant breeding, were identified by QTL analyses using the crossover counts as a trait. In total, 114 significant QTL were detected, nearly half of them with increasing effect from the nonreference parents.
Editing of Mitochondrial Transcripts nad3 and cox2 by Dek10 Is Essential for Mitochondrial Function and Maize Plant Development
Authors: Qi Weiwei , Tian Zhongrui , Lu Lei , Chen Xiuzu , Chen Xinze , Zhang Wei , Song Rentao 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Respiration, the core of mitochondrial metabolism, depends on the function of five respiratory complexes. Many respiratory chain-related proteins are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and their RNAs undergo post-transcriptional modifications by nuclear genome-expressed factors, including pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins. Maize defective kernel 10 (dek10) is a classic mutant with small kernels and delayed development. Through positional cloning, we found that Dek10 encodes an E-subgroup PPR protein localized in mitochondria. Sequencing analysis indicated that Dek10 is responsible for the C-to-U editing at nad3-61, nad3-62, and cox2-550 sites, which are specific editing sites in monocots. The defects of these editing sites result in significant reduction of Nad3 and the loss of Cox2. Interestingly, the assembly of complex I was not reduced, but its NADH dehydrogenase activity was greatly decreased. The assembly of complex IV was significantly reduced. Transcriptome and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that proper editing of nad3 and cox2 is critical for mitochondrial functions, biogenesis, and morphology. These results indicate that the E-subgroup PPR protein Dek10 is responsible for multiple editing sites in nad3 and cox2, which are essential for mitochondrial functions and plant development in maize.
PERIKANAN TUNA SIRIP KUNING (Thunnus albacares) DI PERAIRAN MARISA. TELUK TOMINI
Authors: Nugraha Budi , Suwarso Suwarso 
Published: February 2017

Eksploilasi sumber daya tuna di perairan Teluk Tomini telah berlangsung lama dan cukup intensif dengan menggunakan kapal-kapal yang bersifat tradisionar. Jenis ikan utama yang dieksploitasi di Teluk Tomini adalah madidihang atau tuna sirip kuning alau yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Tulisan ini berisi tentang perikanan tuna yang ditangkap oleh pancing ulur, antara lain mengenai aspek operasional, akivitas penangkapan, dan hasil tangkapan, berdasarkan pada data dan informasi yang terkumpul di Marisa (Propinsi Gorontalo).
TIPE SEDIMEN DI DASAR PERAIRAN ARAFURA
Authors: Suprapto Suprapto 
Published: February 2017

setiap wilayah perairan mempunyai tipe sedimen berbeda-beda sesuai dengan retak geografis dan topografi. Informasi tipe sedimen tersebut, sangat penting untuk diketahui karena aspek ini dapat digunakan sebagai data dukung bagi pengkajian sumber daya ikan demersal di suatu perairan. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut maka makalah ini akan menginformasikan tipe sedimen di perairan Arafura yang diperoleh dari salah satu kegiatan riset oseanografi yang dilakuian pada 2003.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA FLUKTUASI TINGGI MUKA AIR DAN HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN DIWADUK lr' H' DJUANDA' JAWA BARAT
Authors: Umar Chairulwan , Kartamihardja Endi Setiadi 
Published: February 2017

Pembendungan sungai citarum meniadi waduk k. H. Diuanda, Jatiluhur telah merubah ekosistem perairan mengaril menjadi ekosistem plrairan tergenang. Perubahan tersebut diduga berpengaruh terhadap habitat ikan dan pada akhirya berdampak terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan.
Bridging the Evaluation Gap
Authors: Wouters Paul 
Published: February 2017

Paul Wouters’ essay is concerned with bridging the gap between what we value in our academic work and how we are assessed in formal evaluation exercises. He reflects on the recent evaluation of his own center, and reminds us that it is productive to see evaluations not as the (obviously impossible) attempt to produce a true representation of past work, but rather as the exploration and performance of “who one wants to be.” Reflecting on why STS should do more than just play along to survive in the indicator game, he suggests that our field should contribute to changing its very rules. In this endeavor, the attitude and sensibilities developed in our field may be more important than any specific theoretical concepts or methodologies.
Camylofin in the management of prolonged labor: a review of evidence
Authors: Mayadeo N. , Gangadhar A. , Das Srirupa 
Published: February 2017

Prolonged labor can lead to increased maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Hence, it warrants an early detection and appropriate clinical management. Active management of labor has shown to decrease the occurrence of prolonged labor. Administering antispasmodics during labor facilitates a faster and more effective dilatation of the cervix. Hence, antispasmodics can be used to decrease the incidence of prolonged labor. Camylofin, a potent antispasmodic, with a dual mode of action, has been used in the augmentation of labor for more than six decades. There is a growing body of evidence to support the efficacy and tolerability of Camylofin in the active management of labor. A review of published evidence suggests that Camylofin has superior efficacy in augmentation of labor on multiple counts like rate of cervical dilation, duration of active phase of first stage of labor and induction delivery interval, when compared to other spasmolytics like drotaverine, hyoscine and valethemate. It also has a benefit of a convenient single dose as compared to the other spasmolytics listed earlier. Camylofin has other advantages like a quick onset of action, prolonged action, no adverse effects on uterine contractility, no contraindication for use in uterine inertia cases and overall good tolerability for both mother and fetus. Given the superior efficacy and benefits that this drug exhibits, coupled with its excellent tolerability profile, Camylofin should be the first choice and may be preferred over other drugs for cervical dilatation and acceleration of active phase of labor.
Effectiveness of evidence based regimen for medical abortion over conventional methods
Authors: Gopal Anitha K. , Sajini B. Sajini B. , S. Ganamurali , R. Beena Kumari 
Published: February 2017

Background: Medical abortion is a means of medical termination of pregnancy by drugs alone. This can be done upto 63 days using mifepristone and misoprostol tablets. For the conventional method, patient has to come to the hospital 3 times. In our study we reduced the interval between the drugs there by reducing the number of hospital visits. The objectives were to study the reduction of induction abortion interval following administration of evidence based regimen and to compare the proportion of patients developing complications in both the groups.Methods: It was a comparative study conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Govermnent MedicalCollege Kottayam, Kerala, India from May 2015 to November 2015.Results: The mean induction abortion interval in experimental group was 14.3 hours and in control group, it was 60.4 hours which was found to be statistically significant. Only 3 patients (7%) of experimental group had side effects whereas 12 patients. (17.4%) had side effects in the control group. Major side effects encountered were severe abdominal pain and severe bleeding per vaginum. Evidence based regimen consist of administration of mifepristone 200mg and vaginal misoprostol 600µg 6 hours later for termination of pregnancy up to 63 days could reduce the induction abortion interval by 46 hours and had less side effects.Conclusions: As it reduces the induction abortion Interval and complications we feel that the evidence based regimen for Medical Termination of Pregnancy is superior to the FDA approved regimen.
Pregnancy outcome in low risk pregnancy with decreased amniotic fluid index
Authors: Bhat Swathi , E. Ambika H. , G. Lepakshi B. , S. Savitha C. 
Published: February 2017

Background: To evaluate whether oligohydramnios (AFI≤5) has any significance in the outcome of low risk pregnancies. Normal amniotic fluid index in pregnancy is one of the indicators of fetal well-being. In a term pregnancy, oligohydramnios, a condition associated with AFI≤5, could be a sign of placental insufficiency. An association of low AFI with complications like pregnancy induced hypertension, consistently leads to poor fetal outcome. A need to deliver the fetus by cesarean section often arises. Occasionally one comes across a full-term pregnancy with AFI ≤5 with no known high risk factors; this could lead to increased cesarean section rates. Thus, it becomes necessary to evaluate if AFI ≤5 in the absence of other risk factors has any significance on obstetric outcome.Methods: Prospective case controlled study was done. Fifty women with term pregnancies and (AFI≤5) cm not associated with any other high risk factors were enrolled for the study. They were matched with fifty controls with normal AFI.Results: Except for a slight increase in variable deceleration in the study group, no differences were noted with fetal heart rate recordings in NST. Decreased AFI was not associated with increased cesarean section rates, instrumental deliveries or meconium stained amniotic fluid. Severe asphyxia, NICU admission or perinatal mortality was not noted in either group.Conclusions: When a low risk pregnancy is associated with Oligohydramnios (AFI≤5), it does not have any deleterious effect on labor outcome or perinatal outcome.
Correlation of PID and multiparity: a case control study
Authors: Pandey Shikha , Pandey Ramesh 
Published: February 2017

Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) has emerged as a silent killer that disturbs women's life. In the rural population of India, most women are usually not aware of symptoms of PID. They do not move for health care unless alarming symptoms develop. The objective of present study is to find out to find out correlation between PID & multiparity.Methods: The present study was conducted at Government Bundelkhand Medical College, Sagar. Study design: Case control, Participants: Females attending obstetrics & gynecology department OPD, Sample size: Total 150 cases & same number (150) of controls. Statistics: Chi – square test.Results: The odds ratio (OR) was 0.69 with 95% confidence interval (CI) being 0.42-1.09 for PID with multiparity as risk factor. Of 143 cases, multiparity was seen in 63 cases (44.05). In 150 controls, it was seen in 80 (53.33%). The variation was not statistically significant (p = 0.141). The Odds Ratio with in exepertise as a risk factor for PID was 2.41 with 95% CI being 1.78-3.27. Result shows etiological fraction of 58.5% (CI 43.9-69.4%) among inexpert hands. The delivery in untrained hands was significantly higher in cases (p 0.00001).Conclusions: This study does not show multiparity to be a risk factor but delivery conducted by untrained hands was as a risk factor.