bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffusion tractography imaging–guided frameless linear accelerator stereotactic radiosurgical thalamotomy for tremor: case report
Authors: Kim Won , Sharim Justin , Tenn Stephen , Kaprealian Tania , Bordelon Yvette , Agazaryan Nzhde , Pouratian Nader 
Published: February 2017

Essential tremor and Parkinson's disease–associated tremor are extremely prevalent within the field of movement disorders. The ventral intermediate (VIM) nucleus of the thalamus has been commonly used as both a neuromodulatory and neuroablative target for the treatment of these forms of tremor. With both deep brain stimulation and Gamma Knife radiosurgery, there is an abundance of literature regarding the surgical planning, targeting, and outcomes of these methodologies. To date, there have been no reports of frameless, linear accelerator (LINAC)–based thalomotomies for tremor.The authors report the case of a patient with tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease, with poor tremor improvement with medication, who was offered LINAC-based thalamotomy. High-resolution 0.9-mm isotropic MR images were obtained, and simulation was performed via CT with 1.5-mm contiguous slices. The VIM thalamic nucleus was determined using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)–based segmentation on FSL using probabilistic tractography. The supplemental motor and premotor areas were the cortical target masks. The authors centered their isocenter within the region of the DTI-determined target and treated the patient with 140 Gy in a single fraction. The DTI-determined target had coordinates of 14.2 mm lateral and 8.36 mm anterior to the posterior commissure (PC), and 3 mm superior to the anterior commissure (AC)–PC line, which differed by 3.30 mm from the original target determined by anatomical considerations (15.5 mm lateral and 7 mm anterior to the PC, and 0 mm superior to the AC-PC line). There was faint radiographic evidence of lesioning at the 3-month follow-up within the target zone, which continued to consolidate on subsequent scans. The patient experienced continued right upper-extremity resting tremor improvement starting at 10 months until it was completely resolved at 22 months of follow-up.Frameless LINAC-based thalamotomy guided by DTI-based thalamic segmentation is a feasible method for achieving radiosurgical lesions of the VIM thalamus to treat tremor.
Reduction of inflammation after administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: results of the Subcutaneous Interleukin-1Ra in SAH (SCIL-SAH) study
Authors: Galea James , Ogungbenro Kayode , Hulme Sharon , Patel Hiren , Scarth Sylvia , Hoadley Margaret , Illingworth Karen , McMahon Catherine J. , Tzerakis Nikolaos , King Andrew T. , Vail Andy , Hopkins Stephen J. , Rothwell Nancy , Tyrrell Pippa 
Published: February 2017

OBJECTIVEAneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating cerebrovascular event with long-term morbidity and mortality. Patients who survive the initial bleeding are likely to suffer further early brain injury arising from a plethora of pathological processes. These may result in a worsening of outcome or death in approximately 25% of patients and may contribute to longer-term cognitive dysfunction in survivors. Inflammation, mediated by the cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1), is an important contributor to cerebral ischemia after diverse forms of brain injury, including aSAH. Its effects are attenuated by its naturally occurring antagonist, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra [anakinra]). The authors hypothesized that administration of additional subcutaneous IL-1Ra would reduce inflammation and associated plasma markers associated with poor outcome following aSAH.METHODSThis was a randomized, open-label, single-blinded study of 100 mg subcutaneous IL-1Ra, administered twice daily in patients with aSAH, starting within 3 days of ictus and continuing until 21 days postictus or discharge from the neurosurgical center, whichever was earlier. Blood samples were taken at admission (baseline) and at Days 3–8, 14, and 21 postictus for measurement of inflammatory markers. The primary outcome was difference in plasma IL-6 measured as area under the curve between Days 3 and 8, corrected for baseline value. Secondary outcome measures included similar area under the curve analyses for other inflammatory markers, plasma pharmacokinetics for IL-1Ra, and clinical outcome at 6 months.RESULTSInterleukin-1Ra significantly reduced levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein (p < 0.001). Fibrinogen levels were also reduced in the active arm of the study (p < 0.002). Subcutaneous IL-1Ra was safe, well tolerated, and had a predictable plasma pharmacokinetic profile. Although the study was not powered to investigate clinical effect, scores of the Glasgow Outcome Scale–extended at 6 months were better in the active group; however, this outcome did not reach statistical significance.CONCLUSIONSSubcutaneous IL-1Ra is safe and well tolerated in aSAH. It is effective in reducing peripheral inflammation. These data support a Phase III study investigating the effect of IL-1Ra on outcome following aSAH.Clinical trial registration no.: EudraCT: 2011-001855-35 (www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu)
Prevalence of Rilpivirine Resistance in People Starting Antiretroviral Treatment in Argentina
Authors: Bissio Emiliano , Barbás Maria G , Kademián Silvia , Bouzas Maria B , Salomón Horacio , Cudolá Analia , Giuliano Silvina Fernández , Falistocco Carlos 
Published: February 2017

Background Rilpivirine-based regimens are now preferred or alternative first-line regimens according to many HIV treatment guidelines. Recently, a surveillance study conducted in Argentina determined that prevalence of pre-treatment resistance to first-generation non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) was 10%. The aim of this study was to analyse the prevalence of resistance mutations to newer generation NNRTIs in the population starting ART in Argentina. Methods We analysed the prevalence of resistance mutations to rilpivirine and etravirine (according to the IAS list), obtained through a nationally representative pre-treatment HIV-drug resistance (PDR) surveillance study performed in Argentina in 2014-2015. Briefly, 25 ART-dispensing sites throughout the country were randomly chosen to enrol 330 adults starting ART. Samples were processed with Trugene (Siemens)® and analysed using the Stanford algorithm. Results All 270 samples corresponding to participants with no prior exposure to antiretroviral drugs were included in this analysis. Median (IQR) age was 35 years (28–43); 66.7% were male; median (IQR) CD4+ T-cell count was 284 cells/mm3 (112–489). The prevalence of resistance to any antiretroviral was 16% (±5%) and prevalence of NNRTI RAMs was 13% (±4%). The prevalence of resistance to rilpivirine was 8% (±3%). Prevalence of resistance to etravirine was 4% (±3%). The most frequent mutations conferring resistance to rilpivirine were: E138A ( n=6) and G190A ( n=4). Conclusions This PDR surveillance study showed concerning levels of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) in Argentina, not only for first-generation NNRTIs but also to rilpivirine. In our setting, performing resistance testing would be necessary before prescription of ART even if a second-generation NNRTI-based regimen was used as first-line therapy.
Philosophical and theological influences in John Calvin’s thought: reviewing some research results
Authors: Van der Walt B.J. 
Published: February 2017

A profound thinker like Calvin basically has to answer the following two questions: What “is” and what “ought” to be? The first question deals with what reality looks like, its ontological structure or one’s type of thought. The second question con- cerns one’s view of the norms valid for created reality, the direction which one’s life takes or the spiritual trend of one’s thinking. In a previous article in the same issue of this journal, Calvin’s answer to the second question was already investigated. Among all the spiritual trends of his time, his main motive was to be obedient to God, his Word and his will. We now turn to the answer to the first question: What types of philosophies and theologies emerged within these various spiritual trends which could have influenced Calvin’s thinking? The investigation develops through the following steps. Firstly, the question is posed whether Calvin really succeeded in the direction of his thinking, viz. to be a radical-biblical reformational thinker. This question is divided into three sub-questions: was Calvin influenced by extra-biblical ideas? If so, to what extent? How did he employ pre-Christian insights? The second and main section tries to answer these difficult questions by reviewing seven most prominent philosophical and theological types of thinking. The third section indicates the contribution of a Christian philosophical analysis of his worldview. The con-cluding section draws the last lines of Calvin’s “intellectual portrait”.
Detection of BRAF mutation in the cytocentrifugation supernatant fluid from fine-needle aspiration of thyroid lesions may enhance the diagnostic yield
Authors: Brown Ashley E. , Lim Khin Sandar , Corpus George , Hustek Martha T. , Tran Tien Anh N. , Chang Chung-Che 
Published: February 2017

Objective:
BRAF mutations using cellular DNA from fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens are commonly used to support the diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). The goal of this study was to preliminarily evaluate the diagnostic utility of detecting BRAF mutations in the routinely discarded FNA specimen supernatant fluid.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy-eight FNAs of thyroid lesions were evaluated for BRAF mutations using both cellular and supernatant DNA. BRAF mutation data were correlated with cytology and surgical pathology.

Results:
Of the 78 samples evaluated, 68 (87%) had amplifiable DNA in the supernatant with 2 (3%) positive for BRAF mutations. These two samples showed no mutations in the cellular counterpart. Among the 11 samples showing morphologic findings (FNA/surgical pathology) suspicious/diagnostic of PTC, 6 (55%) samples (one supernatant and five cellulars) were positive for BRAF mutations. This suggests that testing supernatant DNA in FNA specimens may increase the diagnostic yield by 1/11 (9%) in this setting.

Conclusions:
The vast majority of routinely discarded FNA supernatants contain amplifiable DNA. In addition, profiling the mutations of BRAF and other genes using supernatant DNA may provide valuable diagnostic information to assist the diagnosis of PTC in patients with clinical/morphologic findings suspicious for malignancies and cellular DNA showing no mutations.
Elasto-kinematics design of an innovative composite material suspension system
Authors: Xu Shuang , Ferraris Alessandro , Airale Andrea Giancarlo , Carello Massimiliana 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. In this paper, a lightweight suspension system for small urban personal transportation vehicle is presented. A CFRP (Carbon fiber reinforce polymer) beam spring has been used to efficiently integrate the functions of suspension control arm and anti-roll bar. Composites materials were chosen to tailor the required behavior of the beam spring and to reduce the weight. Furthermore, larger space for engine compartment has been provided thanks to the compact arrangement of beam suspension components. This suspension could be installed on electric/hybrid vehicles and conventional automobiles.
Anticipatory Imagination in Aging: Revolt and Resignation in Modern Day France
Authors: Drouillard Jill 
Published: February 2017

“Rien n’arrive ni comme on l’espère, ni comme on le craint. Nothing really happens as we hope it will, nor as we fear it will.”1 Améry appropriates this quote of Proust to highlight how our imaginative powers can never approach its reality during an extreme event. This failure of what he coins our anticipatory imagination is depicted in his phenomenological account of torture, an event whose extremity is later compared to another embodied experience: that of aging. Equating torture with aging may seem shocking to some, and Améry was critiqued for suggesting such a parallel, particularly since he narrates a lived experience with the latter at the mere age of fifty-five. He revisits this critique in the preface to the fourth edition of On Aging: Revolt and Resignation where he states: "Today as much as yesterday I think that society has to undertake everything to relieve old and aging persons of their unpleasant destiny. And at the same time I stick to my position that all high- minded and reverential efforts in this direction, though indeed capable of being somewhat soothing- are still not capable of changing anything fundamental about the tragic hardship of aging." - Jean Améry, On Aging [Améry’s emphasis]The “today” of society that Améry referenced was 1977. But what about today? Is Améry correct in projecting that despite our best efforts nothing fundamental can change the quite unbearable experience of aging? Are attempts to aid the aging complicit in a “vile dupery” that ends in “metaphorically empty” phrases such as “rest in peace”?3 I would like to pose these questions in the wake of a heated debate in France regarding the legality of assisted suicide for aging persons (Améry took his own life and sees suicide as an acceptable form of revolt and resignation, the only authentic choices left to the aging). Thus, this paper seeks to not only dissect his account of aging (and the failure of anticipatory imagination in futural projections of it) but to ask whether his philosophy could be read alongside current French thinkers to better assess comment mourir dans la dignité.
Force Inside Identity: Self and Other in Améry’s “On the Necessity and Impossibility of Being a Jew”
Authors: Achtenberg Deborah 
Published: February 2017

In a statement too strong even to summarize his own views, Jean-Paul Sartre famously declares in “Existentialism is a Humanism” that “man is nothing other than what he makes of himself.” It is bad faith, according to him, to attribute what I am to my family, culture, condition, etc., because through awareness of what I am and have been, I can determine whether what I am will continue into the future. Human being, as a result, is nothing but what he or she has chosen or decided. In “On the Necessity and Impossibility of Being a Jew,” Jean Améry rejects that view.He explicitly rejects the idea that “I am what I am for myself and in myself, and nothing else.” In doing so, he is one of a group of Jewish thinkers, including Emmanuel Levinas and Jacques Derrida, who reject Sartre’s ideas about Jewish identity and identity more generally, ideas expressed particularly in Reflections on the Jewish Question but amplified by views expressed in “Existentialism is a Humanism” and Being and Nothingness.Those in the group go out of their way to express their gratitude to Sartre for writing on “the Jewish question” after the war--Sartre who wrote because he saw no mention of the 77,000 Jews in France who were deported and murdered by the Nazis.
Hemorrhagic Occlusive Retinal Vasculitis after Inadvertent Intraocular Perforation with Gentamycin Injection
Authors: Querques Lea , Miserocchi Elisabetta , Modorati Giulio , Querques Giuseppe , Bandello Francesco 
Published: February 2017

Purpose To report a case of hemorrhagic occlusive retinal vasculitis (HORV) secondary to intraocular toxicity due to inadvertent intraocular injection of gentamycin. Methods A 21-year-old woman was referred to our department because of severe ocular pain and sudden visual loss in her left eye after she received a subconjunctival gentamycin injection for chronic infectious keratitis. Results At presentation, best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and counting fingers in the left eye. Fundus examination showed diffuse intraretinal and perivascular hemorrhages, vascular cuffing, white-centered hemorrhages, and diffuse retinal edema. Fluorescein angiography confirmed occlusive retinal vasculitis with capillary nonperfusion and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography revealed ischemic macular edema. The clinical diagnosis was compatible with HORV secondary to retinal toxicity due to high dose of intraocular gentamycin. Conclusions We report a case of HORV secondary to inadvertent subconjunctival gentamycin injection. Ocular perforation and high dose of intravitreal gentamycin administration should be considered as a potential cause of HORV following subconjunctival injection.
Persistent Subretinal Fluid Mimicking Central Serous Retinopathy after Scleral Buckling Surgery: Possible Vortex Vein Compression Role
Authors: Giuffrè Chiara , Carnevali Adriano , Codenotti Marco , Corbelli Eleonora , De Vitis Luigi A. , Querques Lea , Bandello Francesco , Querques Giuseppe 
Published: February 2017

Purpose To describe the case of a woman who developed persistent subretinal fluid in the macular region after the placement of encircling band for retinal detachment surgery, possibly due to vortex vein compression. Methods Case report. Results A 66-year-old woman diagnosed with central serous retinopathy presented with poor vision and metamorphopsia in the left eye (LE). Her visual acuity had deteriorated to 20/100 in LE after retinal detachment surgery with scleral buckling 8 months before. Multimodal imaging including fundus autofluorescence and fluorescein angiography disclosed a gravitational hyperfluorescent area involving the macular region that appeared to originate from the superotemporal quadrant in correspondence with the buckling. This area corresponded to a serous retinal detachment on structural spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Interestingly, on indocyanine green angiography, the encircling band of the scleral buckling appeared located at the emergence of the superotemporal vortex vein. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed with gravitational serous retinal detachment secondary to vortex vein compression. Successful rapid visual recovery and decrease of retinal fluid on SD-OCT was achieved with prompt surgery of scleral buckling removal, confirming the diagnosis. Conclusions Choroidal veins can be obliterated during retinal detachment surgery, especially when retinal breaks are posterior to the equator. Indocyanine green angiography is the gold standard to study choroidal circulation and in our case allowed us to visualize the compression of the superotemporal vortex vein at the site of scleral buckling.
Snapping Hip Syndrome: Systematic Review of Surgical Treatment
Authors: Potalivo Gabriele , Bugiantella Walter 
Published: February 2017

The snapping hip (SH) syndrome is characterised by an audible snapping, often accompanied by pain, which usually occurs with the flexion and extension of the hip during exercise or ordinary daily activities. The causes of SH can be classified as external, internal and intraarticular. The prevalence of asymptomatic SH in the population is unknown and the incidence of symptomatic cases is not well-defined. The painless snapping in the hip is common in the general population; the symptomatic SH with debilitating pain and weakness is often seen in those who take part in activities such as ballet and running hurdles. The clinician's goal is to determine the cause and treat patients who have symptomatic SH so that they may return to their activities or to athletic peak performance. Most patients with SH can be treated conservatively. However, surgery may be indicated if the condition becomes chronically symptomatic. Arthroscopy may prove useful in the treatment of intraarticular lesions that are causing discomfort. Various techniques have been described with different grades of success. The aim is to achieve the least invasive procedure with the lowest potential complications that corrects the painful snapping, according to the patient's characteristics. The purpose of this systematic review is to clarify the results of the surgical treatment of SH, after the failure of the conservative treatment.
Effect of Different Intermediary Bases on Microleakage of a Restorative Material in Class II Box Cavities of Primary Teeth
Authors: Abdelmegid Faika Y. , Salama Fouad S. , Al-Mutairi Waleed M. , Al-Mutairi Saud K. , Baghazal Sultan O. 
Published: February 2017

Introduction The aim of this in vitro study was to assess and compare the effect of different intermediary bases on microleakage between tooth and a nanocomposite interface in Class II box cavities in primary teeth. Methods Standard Class II box cavities were prepared in 52 primary molars and randomly divided into 9 groups according to the intermediary base used (Multicore Flow, Fuji II LC, SDR, Smart Dentin Replacement, and Biodentine). All specimens were subjected to thermocycling and prepared for microleakage testing and evaluation. Results There was significant difference in the mean ranks of microleakage between the 9 groups, which was observed in the gingival side (p<0.0001) and the occlusal side (p<0.0001). The mean ranks microleakage was significantly higher with experimental SDR, experimental Multicore Flow, and positive control materials when compared with the other 6 groups. The microleakage mean ranks were statistically significantly lower in experimental Fuji II LC, experimental Biodentine, and all negative control groups when compared with the other 3 groups. Conclusions Microleakage is affected by the application of intermediate material. Experimental Biodentine and Fuji II LC showed the lowest microleakage while experimental SDR and experimental Multicore Flow showed the highest microleakage.
Is ‘Greening’ the Key to Sustain in Global Market for Bangladeshi Readymade Garments Industry?
Authors: Binte Rab Naharin , Hoque Rehnuma 
Published: February 2017

RMG (Readymade Garments) industry is life-blood for the economy of Bangladesh since she contributes around 82% in the export revenue and 14% in GDP. In the backdrop of ‘Savar Building Collapse’ in 2013, the second most horrifying industrial disaster of all time, the country image of Bangladesh has suffered. As a consequence of which GSP facility was withdrawn. The industry now faces a new set of challenges to sustain in the global market. Vietnam exceeded Bangladesh in apparel export to US, just last year in 2015. Another threat has been developed when Vietnam signed TPP (Trans Pacific Partnership) in February, 2016 which would leverage Vietnamese export to US market. There is pressure from US to make RMG in Bangladesh safe and sustainable. Safety pushes the cost equation up but lack of which pulls the image of the country down. Bangladesh RMG enjoys the greatest cost advantage of all the nations due to the lowest wage paid to the workers. With a standing of $25 billion export revenue in RMG, now Bangladesh projects to reach $50 billion in 2021. This paper would look critically into the role of greening in sustainability of the industry, in particular, reaching the 2021 target. The authors would approach critical analysis through exploratory study of academic literature and newspapers.