bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A meta‐analysis of the antecedents of work–family enrichment
Authors: Lapierre Laurent M. , Li Yanhong , Kwan Ho Kwong , Greenhaus Jeffrey H. , DiRenzo Marco S. , Shao Ping 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis study meta‐analytically examined theoretically derived antecedents of both directions of work–family enrichment (sometimes labeled facilitation or positive spillover), namely, work–family enrichment and family–work enrichment. Contextual and personal characteristics specific to each domain were examined. Resource‐providing (e.g., social support and work autonomy) and resource‐depleting (e.g., role overload) contextual characteristics were considered. Domain‐specific personal characteristics included the individuals' psychological involvement in each domain, the centrality of each domain, and work engagement. Results based on 767 correlations from 171 independent studies published between 1990 and 2016 indicate that several contextual and personal characteristics have significant relationships with enrichment. Although those associated with work tend to have stronger relationships with work–family enrichment and those associated with family tend to have stronger relationships with family–work enrichment, several antecedent variables have significant relationships with both directions of enrichment. Resource‐providing contextual characteristics tend to have stronger relationships with enrichment than do resource‐depleting characteristics. There was very little evidence of gender being a moderator of relationships between contextual characteristics and enrichment. Lastly, meta‐analytic structural equation modeling provided evidence that a theoretical path model wherein work engagement mediates between several contextual characteristics and enrichment is largely generalizable across populations.
Pharmacist charting in the preadmission clinic of a Sydney teaching hospital: a pilot study
Authors: Bajorek Beata V. , Bakshi Ruchi , MacPherson Ross D. , Chow Clara , Elliott Phillip 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo trial a pharmacist charting service, comprising medication charting, in the preadmission clinic (PAC) at a Sydney teaching hospital.MethodsA prospective pre/post‐trial was conducted comprising a 1‐month baseline audit and a 1‐month trial of pharmacist charting (i.e. pharmacists' preparation of patients' medication charts during routine consultations). Purpose‐designed data collection forms were used to document: pharmacist and doctor consultation times, time taken by pharmacists to prepare medication charts, and completeness and accuracy of the prescribed medication charts. A semi‐structured survey was used to elicit feedback from PAC staff regarding the pharmacist charting service; the data were thematically analysed using manual, inductive coding.ResultsSeventy‐two medication charts were completed by PAC pharmacists during the 1‐month trial. Completeness of charts improved post‐intervention (5.4 vs 80.6%, p < 0.001), as did the accuracy of charts (proportion of charts with inaccuracies: 41.1 vs 1.4%, p < 0.001); only one (1.4%) pharmacist‐prescribed medication chart was identified as having an inaccuracy. The changes in mean consultation times per patient for doctors and pharmacists, respectively, changed from pre‐ to post‐intervention as follows: pharmacists 18.9 ± 6.5 min to 20.6 ± 8.3 min (p = NS); and doctors 25.0 ± 9.6 min to 19.0 ± 6.4 min (p < 0.001). A statistically significant relationship was found between pharmacist consultation time and patients' numbers of medications (p < 0.001) and age group (p = 0.004).ConclusionPharmacist charting in the PAC has been shown to improve medication chart completeness and accuracy, helping to ensure medication safety in the hospital setting. A further, long‐term trial will help confirm the clinical benefits of such a service.
A penultimate glacial climate record from southern Hungary
Authors: Koltai G. , Spötl C. , Shen C.‐C. , Wu C.‐C. , Rao Z. , Palcsu L. , Kele S. , Surányi G. , Bárány‐Kevei I. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTA flowstone from the central European Abaliget Cave (Mecsek Mts, Hungary) provides a record of uninterrupted calcite deposition between ∼160 and ∼124 ka, covering most of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 and part of 5e. δ18O values of three lateral drill cores show synchronous high‐frequency (millennial‐scale) variability during MIS 6, interpreted as stadials and interstadials, and a 3.4‰ rise at the MIS 6/5e boundary. The interstadials are mostly symmetrical in shape and show consistently lower δ18O values than calcite formed during MIS 5e. The rises (decreases) in δ18O are followed by drops (increases) in δ13C with a delay of 1–2 ka, implying enhanced (reduced) soil bioproductivity. This period of highly variable climate is bracketed by two broad δ18O minima. The first minimum between ∼160 and ∼148 ka coincided with a maximum in ice‐rafted detritus in the eastern North Atlantic. The second one from ∼134 to ∼129 ka occurred during Heinrich 11, before the rapid and large δ18O increase at ∼128 ka.
Preparation and characterization of Dendrobium officinale powders through superfine grinding
Authors: Meng Qingran , Fan Haoran , Chen Feng , Xiao Tiancun , Zhang Lianfu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDDendrobium officinale has been used in China for several thousand years as a health food and has become one of the most expensive tea materials worldwide as a result of extremely scarce resources in the wild and an increasing demand. Hence, it is very important to improve the depth and width of its application. In the present study, the physico‐chemical, surface chemistry and thermal properties of micron range particles and coarse particles prepared by superfine grinding and shear pulverization were investigated.RESULTSAs the particle size decreased, the specific surface area of D. officinale powders increased significantly. Microscopy observations confirmed that superfine grinding effectively changed the original structure of D. officinale. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra depicted the characteristic bands shifted in terms of absorbance and/or wave number as the powder particle size decreased. The crystallinity and intensity of the crystal peaks of D. officinale powders increased as the particle size decreased. Moisture sorption isotherms suggested that superfine powders were more unstable as a result of the increase in surface area, as well as the exposure of polar groups.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study suggest that superfine grinding may provide new methods of processing for D. officinale with respect to further enhancement of its application value. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficiency of the coastal filter: Nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Asmala Eero , Carstensen Jacob , Conley Daniel J. , Slomp Caroline P. , Stadmark Johanna , Voss Maren 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn important function of coastal ecosystems is the reduction of the nutrient flux from land to the open sea, the coastal filter. In this study, we focused on the two most important coastal biogeochemical processes that remove nitrogen and phosphorus permanently: denitrification and phosphorus burial. We compiled removal rates from coastal systems around the Baltic Sea and analyzed their spatial variation and regulating environmental factors. These analyses were used to scale up denitrification and phosphorus burial rates for the entire Baltic Sea coastal zone. Denitrification rates ranged from non‐detectable to 12 mmol N m−2 d−1, and correlated positively with both bottom water nitrate concentration and sediment organic carbon content. The rates exhibited a strong decreasing gradient from land to the open coast, which was likely driven by the availability of nitrate and labile organic carbon, but a high proportion of non‐cohesive sediments in the coastal zone decreased the denitrification efficiency relative to the open sea. Phosphorus burial rates varied from 0.21 g P m−2 yr−1 in open coastal systems to 2.28 g P m−2 yr−1 in estuaries. Our analysis suggests that archipelagos are important phosphorus traps and account for 45% of the coastal P removal, while covering only 17% of the coastal areas. High burial rates could partly be sustained by phosphorus import from the open Baltic Sea. We estimate that the coastal filter in the Baltic Sea removes 16% of nitrogen and 53% of phosphorus inputs from land.
Solid Tumor Immunotherapy with T Cell Engager‐Armed Oncolytic Viruses
Authors: Scott Eleanor M. , Duffy Margaret R. , Freedman Joshua D. , Fisher Kerry D. , Seymour Leonard W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOncolytic viruses (OVs) are novel anticancer agents that combine direct cancer cell killing with the stimulation of antitumor immunity. In addition, OVs can be engineered to deliver biological therapeutics directly to tumors, offering unique opportunities to design multimodal anticancer strategies. Here, a case for arming OVs with bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) is put forward. BiTEs redirect the cytotoxicity of polyclonal T cells to target cells of choice, and have demonstrated efficacy against a number of hematological cancers. However, the success of BiTEs in the treatment of solid tumors appears more limited, at least in part due to: (i) poor delivery kinetics and penetration into tumors, and (ii) on‐target off‐tumor activity, leading to dose‐limiting toxicities. Linking the production of BiTEs to OV replication provides an exciting means to restrict production to the tumor site, widen their therapeutic window, and synergize with direct oncolysis. This review summarizes progress thus far in the preclinical development of BiTE‐armed OVs, and explores the possibility of cotargeting cancer cells and nontransformed stromal cells.
Compression of CT sinogram data by decimation in the view direction
Authors: Sjölin Martin , Danielsson Mats 
Published: September 2017

PuposeIn clinical computed tomography (CT), the image data is acquired during continuous rotation. If the time during which the signal is integrated (the frame time) is too long, the data is blurred in the view direction (i.e., azimuthal blur). This can be overcome by having a high angular sampling rate, but for systems with limited bandwidth, the increased amount of data can be a problem. In this paper, we evaluate the benefit of maintaining a high angular sampling rate on the CT gantry and performing a decimation (digital low‐pass filtration followed by a downsampling) in the view direction before the bottleneck of the data transfer chain.MethodsA theoretical evaluation of the effects of the decimation is presented and the implementation of the digital filter is discussed. The compression scheme is evaluated on image data of a CATPHAN 504 phantom and a human skull phantom.ResultsIt is shown that digital decimation can be used to compress data before read‐out with more remaining data fidelity compared to having longer frame times. Specifically, the method is shown to preserve the detail in the reconstruction of the CATPHAN resolution patterns and the human skull phantom. It is also demonstrated that the method can be used to prevent aliasing artifacts.ConclusionsDecimation in the view direction is presented as an alternative to increasing the frame time for CT systems with limited bandwidth of the data read‐out. The method can be used to either remove aliasing artifacts or preserve spatial resolution. The proposed compression scheme can be implemented on the CT gantry and thus reduce the bandwidth requirements on the data transfer.
Nonuniqueness in dual‐energy CT
Authors: Levine Zachary H. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe goal is to determine whether dual‐energy computed tomography (CT) leads to a unique reconstruction using two basis materials.MethodsThe beam‐hardening equation is simplified to the single‐voxel case. The simplified equation is rewritten to show that the solution can be considered to be linear operations in a vector space followed by a measurement model which is the sum of the exponential of the coordinates. The case of finding the concentrations of two materials from measurements of two spectra with three photon energies is the simplest non‐trivial case and is considered in detail.ResultsUsing a material basis of water and bone, with photon energies of 30 keV, 60 keV, and 100 keV, a case with two solutions is demonstrated.ConclusionsDual‐energy reconstruction using two materials is not unique as shown by an example. Algorithms for dual‐energy, dual‐material reconstructions need to be aware of this potential ambiguity in the solution.
Bias–variance tradeoff in anticorrelated noise reduction for spectral CT
Authors: Persson Mats , Grönberg Fredrik 
Published: September 2017

PurposeIn spectral CT, basis material decomposition is commonly used to generate a set of basis images showing the material composition at each point in the field of view. The noise in these images typically contains anticorrelations between the different basis images, which leads to increased noise in each basis image. These anticorrelations can be removed by changing the basis functions used in the material decomposition, but the resulting basis images can then no longer be used for quantitative measurements. Recent studies have demonstrated that reconstruction methods which take the anticorrelations into account give reduced noise in the reconstructed image. The purpose of this work is to analyze an analytically solvable denoising model problem and investigate its effect on the noise level and bias in the image as a function of spatial frequency.MethodA denoising problem with a quadratic regularization term is studied as a mathematically tractable model for such a reconstruction method. An analytic formula for the resulting image in the spatial frequency domain is presented, and this formula is applied to a simple mathematical phantom consisting of an iodinated contrast agent insert embedded in soft tissue. We study the effect of the denoising on the image in terms of its transfer function and the visual appearance, the noise power spectrum and the Fourier component correlation coefficient of the resulting image, and compare the result to a denoising problem which does not model the anticorrelations in the image.ResultsIncluding the anticorrelations in the noise model of the denoising method gives 3–40% lower noise standard deviation in the soft‐tissue image while leaving the iodine standard deviation nearly unchanged (0–1% difference). It also gives a sharper edge‐spread function. The studied denoising method preserves the noise level and the anticorrelated structure at low spatial frequencies but suppresses the noise and removes the anticorrelations at higher spatial frequencies. Cross‐talk between images gives rise to artifacts at high spatial frequencies.ConclusionsModeling anticorrelations in a denoising problem can decrease the noise level in the basis images by removing anticorrelations at high spatial frequencies while leaving low spatial frequencies unchanged. In this way, basis image cross‐talk does not lead to low spatial frequency bias but it may cause artifacts at edges in the image. This theoretical insight will be useful for researchers analyzing and designing reconstruction algorithms for spectral CT.
Isomer separation and effect of the degree of polymerization on the gas‐phase structure of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides analyzed by ion mobility and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Poyer Salomé , Lopin‐Bon Chrystel , Jacquinet Jean‐Claude , Salpin Jean‐Yves , Daniel Régis 
Published: September 2017

RationaleChondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycans are bioactive sulfated polysaccharides comprising repeating units of uronic acid and N‐acetyl galactose sulfated at various positions. The optimal length and sulfation pattern of the CS bioactive sequences remain elusive so that structure‐activity relationships cannot be easily established. Development of efficient analytical methods allowing the differentiation of the various sulfation patterns of CS sequences is therefore of particular importance to correlate their biological functions to the sulfation pattern.MethodsDiscrimination of different oligomers (dp2 to dp6) of synthetic chondroitin sulfate isomers was evaluated by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) in the negative‐ion mode from deprotonated and alkali adduct species. In addition, ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMS‐MS) was used to study the influence of both the degree of polymerization and sulfate group location on the gas‐phase conformation of CS oligomers.ResultsESI‐MS/MS spectra of chondroitin sulfate isomers show characteristic product ions exclusively from alkali adduct species (Li, Na, K and Cs). Whatever the alkali adducts studied, MS/MS of chondroitin oligosaccharides sulfated at position 6 yields a specific product ion at m/z 139 while CS oligosaccharides sulfated at position 4 show a specific product ion at m/z 154. Being observed for the different CS oligomers di‐, tetra‐ and hexasaccharides, these fragment ions are considered as diagnostic ions for chondroitin 6‐O‐sulfate and chondroitin 4‐O‐sulfate, respectively. IMS‐MS experiments reveal that collision cross‐sections (CCS) of CS oligomers with low charge states evolved linearly with degrees of polymerization indicating a similar gas‐phase conformation.ConclusionsThis study allows the fast and unambiguous differentiation of CS isomers sulfated at position 6 or 4 for both saturated and unsaturated analogues from MS/MS experiments. In addition, the CCS linear evolution of CS oligomers in function of the degree of polymerization indicates that no folding occurs even for hexasaccharides.
Design and Characterization of Novel Choline‐Based Phthalic Salts: A Case Study for Sugarcane Bagasse Pretreatment
Authors: de Castro Aline M. , de Menezes Sonia M. C. , Chinelatto Junior Luiz S. , Cassela Alessandra R. , Ribeiro Bernardo D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo new phthalic salts, dicholine terephthalate ([Ch]2[Ter]) and dicholine isophthalate ([Ch]2[Iso]) were synthesized in one‐pot reactions. After structures confirmation by 13C and 1H NMR and their characterization (viscosity, solubility, thermal analysis), [Ch]2[Iso] was classified as an ionic liquid, whereas [Ch]2[Ter] was not, revealing a role of the arene substitution pattern in the properties of the salts. [Ch]2[Iso] was then applied for sugarcane bagasse (SCB) pretreatment at different biomass loadings, and the analysis of the resulting solids indicated partial removal of lignin and enrichment of holocellulose. Glucose release was anticipated during enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated SCB and sugar concentration was up to 8.1‐fold increased, as compared to untreated SCB. These findings open up new opportunities for the use of lower cost reagents for the synthesis of more economically attractive ionic liquids, which is especially necessary during the production of commodity chemicals.
Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Intrinsically Radiolabeled 64Cu‐Human Serum Albumin Nanocomposite for Cancer Targeting
Authors: Chakravarty Rubel , Chakraborty Sudipta , Guleria Apurav , Kunwar Amit , Sarma Haladhar Dev , Dash Ashutosh 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDevelopment of suitably radiolabeled nanoplatforms for cancer targeting is still at an early stage necessitating a simplified and reliable approach for incorporation of radioisotopes onto nanoparticles with minimal impact on their original biological behavior. In this study, we have developed an one‐pot synthesis protocol for preparation of small sized (4‐5 nm diameter), water soluble, intrinsically radiolabeled 64Cu metal nanoparticles capped within human serum albumin (HSA) scaffold (64Cu‐HSA nanocomposite). Detailed characterization of the as‐synthesized nanoparticles was carried out by various analytical techniques to establish the colloidal and radiochemical stability, biocompatibility and suitability for clinical administration. The biological efficacy of 64Cu‐HSA nanocomposite was demonstrated by biodistribution studies in melanoma tumor bearing C57BL/6 mice, that showed rapid diffusion and accumulation of the radiotracer into tumor and clearance from the biological system by both renal and hepatobiliary routes. The promising results obtained in this study suggest that this strategy could be employed to facilitate clinical translation of a new class of biocompatible radiotracers derived from metal‐based nanoparticles for PET imaging.
Microwave‐Assisted Radical Insertion/Cyclization of Vinyl Isocyanides for the Synthesis of Multi‐Substituted Isoquinolines
Authors: Xu Yulong , Chen Hao , Li Wei , Xie Qiong , Yu Linqian , Shao Liming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA convenient microwave‐assisted method for the synthesis of multi‐substituted isoquinolines from the radical insertion/cyclization reaction of vinyl isocyanides with a C(sp3)‐H bond adjacent to a heteroatom has been described. The methodology presented here achieves wide substrate scope and good to excellent yields. A radical mechanism is proposed, which is supported by kinetic isotope effect (KIE) studies, radical trapping studies and Hammett plot analysis.
How Do You Use Experiential Learning to Bridge the Classroom and the Real World?
Authors: Beck Victoria Simpson , Boys Stephanie K. , Haas Hannah J. , King Karen N. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHistorically, a liberal arts education was thought to “liberate” students from the narrow perspective of experiential learning. Paradoxically, experiential learning is increasingly being used to broaden a liberal arts education. This chapter provides a discussion on three signature experiential learning practices, and suggests these practices can be implemented across disciplines to enrich the learning experience.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of 18‐FDG PET/CT in the Management of Resectable Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Ma Ka Wing , Cheung Tan To , She Wong Hoi , Chok Kenneth Siu Ho , Chan Albert Chi Yan , Dai Wing Chiu , Chiu Wan Hang , Lo Chung Mau 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesRole of 18‐FDG PET/CT had been well established in other more prevalent malignancies such as colorectal and lung cancer; however, this is not as well defined in cholangiocarcinoma. Literature focusing on the prognostic values of preoperative PET/CT for resectable cholangiocarcinoma is scarce.MethodThis is a retrospective cohort of 66 consecutive patients who had received curative resection for cholangiocarcinoma from 2010 to 2015. All patients had preoperative 18‐FDG PET/CT performed. Accuracy of metastatic lymph node detection of PET/CT and the prognostic value of maximum standard uptake value (SUV‐max) was explored.ResultsThere were 38 male and 28 female recruited, and the median age was 66. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) constituted the majority (59.1%) of the cases, followed by hilar cholangiocarcinoma (22.8%), gallbladder cancer (13.6%) and common bile duct cancer (4.5%). The 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) of the whole population were 27.1 and 39.2%, respectively. The median follow‐up duration was 27 months. The accuracy of PET/CT in metastatic lymph node detection was 72.7% (P = 0.005, 95% CI 0.583–0.871) and 81.8% (P = 0.011, 95% CI 0.635–0.990) in whole population and ICC subgroup analysis, respectively. SUV‐max was shown by multivariate analysis to be an independent factor for DFS (P = 0.007 OR 1.16, 95% CI 1.04–1.29) and OS (P = 0.012 OR 1.145, 95% CI 1.030–1.273) after resection. SUV‐max of 8 was shown to be a discriminant cut‐off for poor oncological outcomes in patients with early cholangiocarcinoma (TNM stage I or II) after curative resection (3‐year DFS: 21.2 vs. 63.2%, P = 0.004, and 3‐year OS: 29 vs. 74% P = 0.048, respectively).ConclusionPET/CT is a reliable imaging modality for metastatic lymph node detection in cholangiocarcinoma. Tumour SUV‐max is an independent factor for oncological outcomes in patients with resectable disease. For patients who have TNM stage I or II cholangiocarcinoma, tumour SUV‐max over 8 is associated with significantly inferior disease‐free and overall survival even after curative resection.