bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Evaluation of Victorian Reform in General Damages for Personal Injury under the Tort of Negligence
Authors: Chu John 
Published: April 2016

<p>This article examines the current legislative structures in Victoria for compensating non-economic losses for personal injuries under the tort of negligence. It first provides a background on the tort of negligence in general and damages for non-economic losses in particular. It then outlines the changes that have swept through Victoria and in the rest of Australia for comparative purposes. This article offers a critique of the rationale and justification for those changes, analyses the implications of the changes at both Victorian and Commonwealth levels across the public, professional and product liability areas, and concludes with a discussion of the overall effect of the Victorian reforms.</p>
Evidence, Community Protection and Liberty in Australian Post-Sentence Protection Legislation
Authors: Smith Geoffrey 
Published: April 2016

<p>This article addresses a number of issues regarding post-sentence detention order regimes in the context of an analysis of a collection of publicly available judgments made under the Dangerous Prisoners (Sexual Offenders) Act 2003 (Qld). The article raises concerns regarding the accuracy of the psychiatric evidence presented to the court. However, it<br />suggests that the way in which the psychiatrists conduct their prisoner assessments, and the way in which judges have applied the main rules of expert evidence, have combined to ensure that the potential for unjust outcomes has been minimised. The article also suggests that judges have<br />struck a fine balance between community protection and prisoner liberty, by in most cases making supervision orders which allow prisoners to be released into the community under strict conditions, rather than making detention orders. As no prisoner released under a supervision order is known to have committed a further sex offence, it is the conclusion of this<br />article that the judges’ approach to cases under the dangerous Prisoners (Sexual Offenders) Act 2003 (Qld) has been highly successful, and may represent a solution to the serious problem of recidivist sex offenders within the community.</p>
The Law of the Jungle: Advocating for Animals in Australia
Authors: Glasgow David 
Published: April 2016

<p>A movement of activist ‘animal lawyers’ has recently arrived in Australia. This article contends that Australian lawyers have a significant role to play in advancing the animal protection cause. Part I discusses the philosophical foundation of the modern animal protection movement and describes the<br />important theoretical divide that splits it into animal ‘welfare’ and animal ‘rights’. Part II explains the Australian legal regime governing animal protection to show how the law acts as a site of exploitation. Part III explores the role of lawyers within the movement. It does this by appraising<br />the obstacles in the way of animal protectionism and exploring what makes an effective lawyer advocate. It then uses a case study of battery hens to demonstrate the valuable role lawyers can play to support the animal cause.</p>
Parliament's Power to Require the Production of Documents - a Recent Victorian Case
Authors: Taylor Greg 
Published: April 2016

<p>In 2007, the Victorian government refused to produce a series of documents despite an order by the State’s Legislative Council to do so, claiming that the Council’s legal powers did not extend to making the order in question. The government cited some obscure alleged rules of law in support of their<br />position which no government elsewhere in Australia has ever thought to rely on. In citing these rules, the Victorian government appears to have misunderstood an early edition of Erskine May. This article demonstrates that none of the alleged rules exists, and the government’s refusal was wrong in law. Therefore is should not be regarded as setting a precedent for<br />future cases.</p>
Achieving the Aims of Open Justice? The Relationship Between the Courts, the Media and the Public
Authors: Rodrick Sharon 
Published: April 2016

This article begins by outlining what the principle of open justice is intended to achieve. It then investigates the nature of the relationship that exists between the courts and the media, and between the media and the public, and suggests that these relationships are not always conducive to realising the aims of open justice. While the reporting role of the traditional news media will undoubtedly persist, at least for the foreseeable future, it is argued that, since courts now have the means to deliver to the public a fuller and truer picture of their work than the media can, they should seize the opportunity to do so.
Quand savoir entreprendre, c’est savoir concevoir
Authors: Schmitt Christophe , Rosker Eduardo 
Published: April 2016

À l’heure où la recherche en entrepreneuriat s’intéresse à la dimension cognitive de l’entrepreneur, cet article propose un focus particulier sur un mécanisme de la pensée entrepreneuriale : la conception. L’article est organisé en trois parties. La première partie met en relief la place implicite de la conception dans le domaine de l’entrepreneuriat. La deuxième partie s’intéresse à montrer la manière dont la conception peut être reliée à la pensée entrepreneuriale. Enfin, la troisième et dernière partie propose une modélisation de la conception entrepreneuriale et sa mobilisation dans le domaine de l’accompagnement entrepreneurial.
Les coopératives d’Activité et d’Emploi (CAE),
Authors: Michel Dominique-Anne 
Published: April 2016

Les Coopératives d’Activité et d’Emploi (CAE) regroupent des travailleurs partageant une même entreprise, dont le chiffre d’affaires global est généré par leurs activités individuelles. Issues de la tradition coopérative du XIX e siècle qui prône son abolition, les CAE ont recours au salariat pour assurer la protection sociale de leurs membres, les « entrepreneurs-salariés ». Les CAE portent un projet de réinvention du travail reposant sur la coopération, l’apprentissage individuel et collectif, le compagnonnage, l’expérimentation de nouvelles formes de démocratie organisationnelle. Cet article envisage le projet des CAE non comme une expérience marginale ou un « bricolage » institutionnel, mais comme un outil d’émancipation conçu pour imaginer des modalités concrètes et éventuellement généralisables d’une sortie du salariat.
Serum Cytokines as Biomarkers of Early Trypanosoma cruzi infection by Congenital Exposure
Authors: Volta Bibiana J. , Bustos Patricia L. , Cardoni Rita L. , De Rissio Ana M. , Laucella Susana A. , Bua Jacqueline 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causing agent of Chagas disease, leads to an activation of the immune system in congenitally infected infants. In this study, we measured a set of cytokines/chemokines and the levels of parasitemia by quantitative PCR in the circulation of neonates born to T. cruzi–infected mothers to evaluate the predictive value of these mediators as biomarkers of congenital transmission. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 35 infants with congenital T. cruzi infection, of which 15 and 10 infants had been diagnosed by detection of parasites by microscopy in the first and sixth month after delivery, respectively, and the remaining 10 had been diagnosed by the presence of T. cruzi–specific Abs at 10–12 mo old. Uninfected infants born to either T. cruzi–infected or uninfected mothers were also evaluated as controls. The plasma levels of IL-17A, MCP-1, and monokine induced by IFN-γ were increased in infants congenitally infected with T. cruzi, even before they developed detectable parasitemia or seroconversion. Infants diagnosed between 6 and 12 mo old also showed increased levels of IL-6 and IL-17F at 1 mo of age. Conversely, infants who did not develop congenital T. cruzi infection had higher levels of IFN-γ than infected infants born to uninfected mothers. Monokine induced by IFN-γ, MCP-1, and IFN-γ production induced in T. cruzi–infected infants correlated with parasitemia, whereas the plasma levels of IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-6 were less parasite load dependent. These findings support the existence of a distinct profile of cytokines and chemokines in the circulation of infants born to T. cruzi–infected mothers, which might predict congenital infection.
Heterologous Vaccination and Checkpoint Blockade Synergize To Induce Antileukemia Immunity
Authors: Manlove Luke S. , Schenkel Jason M. , Manlove Kezia R. , Pauken Kristen E. , Williams Richard T. , Vezys Vaiva , Farrar Michael A. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Checkpoint blockade-based immunotherapies are effective in cancers with high numbers of nonsynonymous mutations. In contrast, current paradigms suggest that such approaches will be ineffective in cancers with few nonsynonymous mutations. To examine this issue, we made use of a murine model of BCR-ABL+ B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Using a principal component analysis, we found that robust MHC class II expression, coupled with appropriate costimulation, correlated with lower leukemic burden. We next assessed whether checkpoint blockade or therapeutic vaccination could improve survival in mice with pre-established leukemia. Consistent with the low mutation load in our leukemia model, we found that checkpoint blockade alone had only modest effects on survival. In contrast, robust heterologous vaccination with a peptide derived from the BCR-ABL fusion (BAp), a key driver mutation, generated a small population of mice that survived long-term. Checkpoint blockade strongly synergized with heterologous vaccination to enhance overall survival in mice with leukemia. Enhanced survival did not correlate with numbers of BAp:I-Ab–specific T cells, but rather with increased expression of IL-10, IL-17, and granzyme B and decreased expression of programmed death 1 on these cells. Our findings demonstrate that vaccination to key driver mutations cooperates with checkpoint blockade and allows for immune control of cancers with low nonsynonymous mutation loads.
Dentigerous cyst in a young child
Authors: Demiriz Levent , Misir Ahmet Ferhat , Gorur Durmus Ilker 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTDentigerous cyst is a type of odontogenic cysts and generally occurs in the ages of twenties or thirties. Dentigerous cyst always includes a tooth which cannot complete the eruption process and occurs around the crown by the fluid accumulation between the layers of enamel organ. In rare cases, dentigerous cyst occurs in the first decade of life and develops in an immature permanent tooth as a result of a chronic inflammation of overlying nonvital primary tooth. In this report, a case of dentigerous cyst in primary dentition in a 5-year-old child patient and its treatment were presented. The dentigerous cyst was totally enucleated, and the unerupted permanent first premolar tooth was removed from the primary mandibular right premolar region. There was no recurrence observed after 18 months follow-up.
Effects of sealant, viscosity, and bonding agents on microleakage of fissure sealants: An in vitro study
Authors: Mehrabkhani Maryam , Mazhari Fatemeh , Sadeghi Samaneh , Ebrahimi Masoumeh 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of enamel or dentin bonding agent (DBA) and sealant viscosity on sealant microleakage. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human premolars were randomly divided into two equal groups (based on sealant viscosity) and each group was divided into three subgroups of 10 teeth. Group 1 (low viscosity sealant, Seal-Rite, Pulpdent, USA with 7.7% filler): Prophylaxis, enameloplasty, etching of occlusal surfaces with 38% of phosphoric acid gel, rinsing and drying, followed by (1) enamel bonding agent (EBA) (Margin Bond, Coltène/Whaledent AG) or (2) DBA (Excite, Ivoclar Vivadent AG, Liechtenstein) or (3) no bonding (NB) prior to sealant application. In Group 2, similar procedures were performed except for applying a high viscosity sealant (Seal-Rite, Pulpdent, The USA with 34.4% filler). Specimens were thermocycled and then immersed in a 0.5% basic fuchsine solution for 24 h next, buccolingual slices of samples were scored under a stereomicroscope. The Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U-tests were used for data analysis. Results: There was no significant difference between DBA, EBA, and NB subgroups in the microleakage scores in both groups. Low viscosity sealant had a lower microleakage than the high viscosity sealant in both DBA (P = 0.002) and NB (P = 0.041) subgroups. Conclusion: The results indicated that the use of low viscosity sealant reduced the microleakage of pit and fissure sealants. However, the use of a bonding agent before sealant placement didn't affect the microleakage.
Knowledge and attitude of dental trauma among dental students in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Shamiri Hashem Motahir , Alaizari Nader Ahmed , Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali , Tarakji Bassel 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of Saudi dental students in the management of dental trauma in children. Materials and Methods: A self-administered questionnaire comprising 17 close-ended questions was used in this survey. The questions were divided into three parts including: Personal and professional profile; knowledge assessment; attitude toward dental trauma. Data of 307 respondents were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) version 22.0 (IBM Corporation, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: The response rate was 76.8%. Around 40.3% of students reported attending additional courses about dental trauma with a significant difference between males (57.2%) and females (19.4%). The vast majority of students (95.7%) stressed the importance of dental trauma education. While 77% could correctly identify the media of transportation of an avulsed tooth, only 26.9% of the students knew the proper method of transportation. Regarding the knowledge of immediate replantation, only 67.5% of students responded correctly. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates an insufficient knowledge concerning dental trauma management among dental students in Saudi Arabia. This highlights the need to improve the knowledge of dental students regarding dental trauma and its management using a variety of educational methods such as problem-based learning and powering the curriculum concerning those topics of dental trauma.
Ameloblastic Carcinoma of Maxilla
Authors: Arora Nikhil , Rai Varun 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) of maxilla is a very rare malignancy of head and neck region with only fewer than 50 cases reported in English literature till now. The tumor cells resemble that of ameloblastoma but show atypia. It is of odontogenic origin and has varying clinical presentation due to the aggressive nature and various sites of origin. It has a high tendency to recur and metastasize. Early identification and complete excision of the tumor is indicated as the recurrence is associated with a very high mortality. Its rare occurrence has made it difficult to come to a consensus on management of the disease. Yet, surgery with or without radiotherapy has been advocated in most of the reported cases. We are reporting a case study of one such patient with AC of maxilla who was treated with excision with wide margins with postoperative radiotherapy.

How to cite this article
Arora N, Rai V, Malhotra V. Ameloblastic Carcinoma of Maxilla. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(2): 64-68.
Preventing Sino-orbital Cutaneous Fistula: A Novel Approach for Radical Maxillectomy
Authors: Chavan Shrinivas S , Jain Prateek Vijay , Deshmukh Sunil D , Dhanakar Pramod , Rai Dharmendrakumar 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The advantages of excellent exposure and minimal scarring of the classical Weber-Ferguson incision for radical maxillectomy have been timeworn. But late complication of sino-orbital cutaneous fistula following radiotherapy and delayed healing often results in less than ideal results. Most common site for this fistula is the tip near the medial canthus, which is the point where the scar bears maximum tension and results in fistula formation. Due to persistent mucopurulent drainage and poorly vascularized tissue in the irradiated area, the repair options are limited and difficult. Here, we are presenting a case report providing a novel way for better postoperative results.

How to cite this article
Jain PV, Chavan SS, Deshmukh SD, Dhanakar P, Rai D. Preventing Sino-orbital Cutaneous Fistula: A Novel Approach for Radical Maxillectomy. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(2):69-71.
Dedifferentiated Variant of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Clinicopathologic Report of Two Cases
Authors: Bansal Chetan , Singh Virender Pratap 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Dedifferentiated form of adenoid cystic carcinomas is the rare variant and is recently recognized entity with only few cases reported in the literature. We examined two cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from nose with the analysis of there clinicopathologic profiles, their management, follow-up and our experience with this uncommon disease.

How to cite this article
Bansal C, Singh VP. Dedifferentiated Variant of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma: A Clinicopathologic Report of Two Cases. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(2):81-83.
Endoscopic Trans-ethmo-sphenoidal Optic Nerve Decompression for Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: Case Series and Review
Authors: Gupta Manish , Bindra Gavinder Singh , Vohra Ravi 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective
To assess the visual outcome after endoscopic, endonasal trans-ethmo-sphenoidal optic nerve decompression in patients with traumatic optic neuropathy.

Materials and methods
Prospective study, at tertiary referral center. Study included 12 patients with post-traumatic indirect unilateral optic nerve injury, not responding to medical management with methylprednisolone. These patients underwent optic nerve decompression via trans-ethmo-sphenoidal route using nasal endoscope. Main outcome measure was postoperative visual acuity.

Results
Out of the 12 cases of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) operated upon, nine had good visual outcome.

Conclusion
The endoscopic endonasal trans-sphenoidal approach can decompress the traumatized and swollen optic nerve with excellent visualization of the orbital apex and optic canal, without the morbidity associated with brain retraction as in the conventional transcranial decompression.

How to cite this article
Gupta M, Bindra GS, Vohra R. Endoscopic Trans-ethmo-sphenoidal Optic Nerve Decompression for Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: Case Series and Review. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(3):99-103.
Comorbid Asthma in Allergic Rhinitis Patients in Kashmir
Authors: Biloo Shahid Rasool , Dar Farooq Ahmad , Ahmad Rauf 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The study was conducted in the department of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery, Government Medical College, Srinagar and Associated Hospitals, Jammu and Kashmir for the period of 2 years from May 2011 to June 2013 with the aim to determine the prevalence of asthma in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients and the effect of medical management of allergic rhinitis on asthma it is a hospital based prospective study. A total of 576 patients who presented with features of AR were enrolled in the study after proper written consent was taken. All cases were evaluated for AR and for the comorbid asthma. Detailed history and clinical examination was done. Skin prick test (SPT) and spirometry was used to confirm the allergy and to detect comorbid asthma respectively. Wilsons scoring system and spirometeric parameters forced expiratory volume and forced vital capacity (FEV1/FEV25-75 and FVC) were used for pre- and post-treatment symptom comparison.

Results
Out of 576 patients, 117 patients were positive for SPT for various inhalant allergens, with prevalence of comorbid asthma being 41.08%. There was significant improvement in symptomology of asthma following the use of nasal inhalational steroids for AR. Wilsons score system and spirometric parameters showed marked improvement in post-treatment results, with p-value of 0.00 which is statistically highly significant.

How to cite this article
Biloo SR, Dar FA, Ahmad R. Comorbid Asthma in Allergic Rhinitis Patients in Kashmir. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2015;8(3):107-109.
Restoration of Esthetics and Function in a Patient with Amelogenesis Imperfecta
Authors: Shambharkar Vaibhao Ishwar , Chandhok Jasmeet Singh , Chandhok Deepika Thosre 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
An unpleasant smile will not only hamper the looks of the person but also leaves a social withdrawal from the society specially for teenagers. Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is one such condition which affects not only the teeth but to overall social and psychological growth of a person. This clinical case deals with step-by-step procedures involved with multidisciplinary approach to deal with such cases in a short period of time with reduced financial burden over the patient.
Amelogenesis imperfecta is a heterogeneous inherited disorder that disturbs the developing enamel structure and exists independent of any related systemic disorder. It affects both the primary and permanent dentitions. Transmission of the gene is autosomal dominant, recessive or X-linked mode of inheritance.

Clinical findings of AI include
Enamel deficiencies, pulpal calcification, root malformations, failed tooth eruption, impaction of permanent teeth, progressive root and crown resorption, congenitally missing teeth, tooth sensitivity. Due to reduced enamel thickness, the teeth are undersized, with lack of contact between adjacent teeth, poor oral hygiene and mouth breathing with associated gingivitis and gingival hyperplasia may also be seen.

How to cite this article
Chandhok JS, Chandhok DT, Shambharkar VI. Restoration of Esthetics and Function in a Patient with Amelogenesis Imperfecta. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2015;5(4):118-121.
Uncertainties in cloud phase and optical thickness retrievals from the Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC)
Authors: Meyer Kerry , Yang Yuekui , Platnick Steven 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. This paper presents an investigation of the expected uncertainties of a single-channel cloud optical thickness (COT) retrieval technique, as well as a simple cloud-temperature-threshold-based thermodynamic phase approach, in support of the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) mission. DSCOVR cloud products will be derived from Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) observations in the ultraviolet and visible spectra. Since EPIC is not equipped with a spectral channel in the shortwave or mid-wave infrared that is sensitive to cloud effective radius (CER), COT will be inferred from a single visible channel with the assumption of appropriate CER values for liquid and ice phase clouds. One month of Aqua MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) daytime granules from April 2005 is selected for investigating cloud phase sensitivity, and a subset of these granules that has similar EPIC Sun-view geometry is selected for investigating COT uncertainties. EPIC COT retrievals are simulated with the same algorithm as the operational MODIS cloud products (MOD06), except using fixed phase-dependent CER values. Uncertainty estimates are derived by comparing the single-channel COT retrievals with the baseline bi-spectral MODIS retrievals. Results show that a single-channel COT retrieval is feasible for EPIC. For ice clouds, single-channel retrieval errors are minimal (< 2 %) due to the particle size insensitivity of the assumed ice crystal (i.e., severely roughened aggregate of hexagonal columns) scattering properties at visible wavelengths, while for liquid clouds the error is mostly limited to within 10 %, although for thin clouds (COT < 2) the error can be higher. Potential uncertainties in EPIC cloud masking and cloud temperature retrievals are not considered in this study.