bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathways of retinoid synthesis in mouse macrophages and bone marrow cells
Authors: Niu Haixia , Hadwiger Gayla , Fujiwara Hideji , Welch John S 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In vivo pathways of natural retinoid metabolism and elimination have not been well characterized in primary myeloid cells, even though retinoids and retinoid receptors have been strongly implicated in regulating myeloid maturation. With the use of a upstream activation sequence-GFP reporter transgene and retrovirally expressed Gal4-retinoic acid receptor α in primary mouse bone marrow cells, we identified 2 distinct enzymatic pathways used by mouse myeloid cells ex vivo to synthesize retinoic acid receptor α ligands from free vitamin A metabolites (retinyl acetate, retinol, and retinal). Bulk Kit+ bone marrow progenitor cells use diethylaminobenzaldehyde-sensitive enzymes, whereas bone marrow-derived macrophages use diethylaminobenzaldehyde-insensitive enzymes to synthesize natural retinoic acid receptor α-activating retinoids (all-trans retinoic acid). Bone marrow-derived macrophages do not express the diethylaminobenzaldehyde-sensitive enzymes Aldh1a1, Aldh1a2, or Aldh1a3 but instead, express Aldh3b1, which we found is capable of diethylaminobenzaldehyde-insensitive synthesis of all trans-retinoic acid. However, under steady-state and stimulated conditions in vivo, diverse bone marrow cells and peritoneal macrophages showed no evidence of intracellular retinoic acid receptor α-activating retinoids, despite expression of these enzymes and a vitamin A-sufficient diet, suggesting that the enzymatic conversion of retinal is not the rate-limiting step in the synthesis of intracellular retinoic acid receptor α-activating retinoids in myeloid bone marrow cells and that retinoic acid receptor α remains in an unliganded configuration during adult hematopoiesis.
A 6-Base Pair in Frame Germline Deletion in Exon 7 Of RET Leads to Increased RET Phosphorylation, ERK Activation, and MEN2A
Authors: Latteyer S. , Klein-Hitpass L. , Khandanpour C. , Zwanziger D. , Poeppel T. D. , Schmid K. W. , Führer D. , Moeller L. C. , Führer-Sakel Dagmar 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Context:
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) is usually caused by missense mutations in the proto-oncogene, RET.

Objective:
This study aimed to determine the mutation underlying MEN2A in a female patient diagnosed with bilateral pheochromocytoma at age 31 years and with medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) 6 years later.

Methods:
Leukocyte DNA was used for exome and Sanger sequencing. Wild-type (WT) RET and mutants were expressed in HEK293 cells. Activation of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT was analyzed by Western blotting and luciferase assay. The effect of RET mutants on cell proliferation was tested in a colony forming assay.

Results:
Exome sequencing revealed a 6-nucleotide/2-amino acid in-frame deletion in exon 7 of RET (c.1512_1517delGGAGGG, p.505_506del). In vitro expression showed that phosphorylation of the crucial tyrosine 905 was much stronger in the p.505_506del RET mutant compared with WT RET, indicating ligand-independent autophosphorylation. Furthermore, the p.505_506del RET mutant induced a strong activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway and the PI3K/AKT pathway. Consequently, the p.505_506del RET mutant cells increased HEK293 colony formation 4-fold compared with WT RET.

Conclusion:
The finding of bilateral pheochromocytoma and MTC in our patient was highly suspicious of a RET mutation. Exome sequencing revealed a 6-base-pair deletion in exon 7 of RET, an exon not yet associated with MEN2. Increased ligand-independent phosphorylation of the p.505_506del RET mutant, increased activation of downstream pathways, and stimulation of cell proliferation demonstrated the pathogenic nature of the mutation. We therefore recommend screening the whole sequence of RET in MTC and pheochromocytoma patients with red flags for a genetic cause.
Molecular Heterogeneity in Aldosterone-Producing Adenomas
Authors: Nanba Kazutaka , Chen Andrew X. , Omata Kei , Vinco Michelle , Giordano Thomas J. , Else Tobias , Hammer Gary D. , Tomlins Scott A. , Rainey William E. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractContext:The use of next-generation sequencing has resulted in the identification of recurrent somatic mutations underlying primary aldosteronism (PA). However, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the relationship between tumor aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression and somatic mutation status.Objective:The objective of the study was to investigate tumor CYP11B2 expression and somatic aldosterone-driver gene mutation heterogeneity.Methods:Fifty-one adrenals from 51 PA patients were studied. Immunohistochemistry for CYP11B2 was performed. Aldosterone-producing adenomas with intratumor CYP11B2 heterogeneity were analyzed for mutation status using targeted next-generation sequencing. DNA was isolated from CYP11B2-positive, CYP11B2-negative, and adjacent normal areas from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections.Results:Of 51 adrenals, seven (14 %) showed distinct heterogeneity in CYP11B2 by immunohistochemistry, including six adenomas with intratumor heterogeneity and one multinodular hyperplastic adrenal with both CYP11B2-positive and -negative nodules. Of the six adrenocortical adenomas with CYP11B2 heterogeneity, three had aldosterone-regulating mutations (CACNA1D p.F747C, KCNJ5 p.L168R, ATP1A1 p.L104R) only in CYP11B2-positive regions, and one had two different mutations localized to two histologically distinct CYP11B2-positive regions (ATP2B3 p.L424_V425del, KCNJ5 p.G151R). Lastly, one adrenal with multiple CYP11B2-expressing nodules showed different mutations in each (CACNA1D p.F747V and ATP1A1 p.L104R), and no mutations were identified in CYP11B2-negative nodule or adjacent normal adrenal.Conclusions:Adrenal tumors in patients with PA can demonstrate clear heterogeneity in CYP11B2 expression and somatic mutations in driver genes for aldosterone production. These findings suggest that aldosterone-producing adenoma tumorigenesis can occur within preexisting nodules through the acquisition of somatic mutations that drive aldosterone production.
A less simplistic metaphysics: Peirce’s layered theory of meaning as a layered theory of being
Authors: Champagne Marc 
Published: January 2016

This article builds on C. S. Peirce’s suggestive blueprint for an inclusive outlook that grants reality to his three categories. Moving away from the usual focus on (contentious) cosmological forces, I use a modal principle to partition various ontological layers: regular sign-action (like coded language) subsumes actual signaction (like here-and-now events) which in turn subsumes possible sign-action (like qualities related to whatever would be similar to them). Once we realize that the triadic sign’s components are each answerable to this asymmetric subsumption, we obtain the means to track at which level of complexity semiosis finds itself, in a given case. Since the bulk of such a “trinitarian” metaphysics would be devoted to countenancing uninterpreted phenomena, I argue that current misgivings about sign-based ontologies are largely misplaced.Includes: Comment. Semiotics is not metaphysics by Jean-Marie Chevalier (pp. 553–559).
Mapeando a produção científica sobre Economia Criativa em periódicos nacionais e internacionais de 2000 a 2013
Authors: De Almeida Aline Santos , Teixeira Rivanda Meira , Luft Maria Conceição Melo Silva 
Published: January 2016

Os estudos sobre a economia criativa tem crescido significativamente em muitas economias desenvolvidas e em desenvolvimento e pesquisas sobre essa temática estão cada vez mais institucionalizadas. Este estudo pretende descrever e analisar a produção cientifica que aborda esta temática em periódicos nacionais e internacionais publicados no período entre 2000 a 2013. Especificamente pretende apontar as principais temáticas e teorias abordadas nos estudos nacionais e internacionais e analisar as abordagens metodológicas adotadas nesses estudos. A amostra foi constituída de noventa e uma publicações obtida pela busca no portal de Periódicos Capes. Constatou-se que as publicações nacionais são mais voltadas para a indústria cultural, tem como tema central a educação, a abordagem teórica mais adotada é a Teoria Crítica e são, essencialmente, teóricos. Por sua vez; as publicações internacionais são direcionadas para a indústria criativa, tem como tema central a gestão dessas indústrias, a abordagem teórica mais utilizada é a Teoria do Capital Criativo e são, em sua maioria, teórico-empíricos. Destaca-se o aumento no número de publicações ao longo dos anos, a diversidade de temáticas abordadas e o baixo índice de artigos quantitativos. Com base em conclusões, limitações e implicações encontradas nas publicações analisadas, são apresentadas sugestões para futuros estudos, de modo a contribuir para a consolidação do campo de estudo.
Mundane, private, visible: Performing ordinary bodies in Intimate Exposure Projects
Authors: Hagen Lisa Hall 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The physical body locates an intersection of public communication and private subjectivity that is particularly interesting when used to convey messages of lived experience to the public through art. This article creates a definition for ‘Intimate Exposure Projects’ (IEPs), which seek to use a body coded as private to represent personal experience to a public viewer. Exploring fine art photography, live performance and the media, this article argues that, despite some crucial problems with feminist thought and intersectional identity, these IEPs are evidence of people’s desire (particularly women) to break down damaging notions of a body unsuitable for public view in order to make bodily narratives less fictional.
Aesthetics and human flourishing in the good society: Perspectives from applied social science and critical theory on the social value of aesthetic practices
Authors: Halsall Francis 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The central claim in this article is simple: aesthetic activities make society better. They are essential for the so-called good society. Specifically it is argued that aesthetic reflection contributes to what Maeve Cooke calls ‘human flourishing’. Vocabularies from the two dominant discourses in social analysis are surveyed: (1) Applied Social Science, which is, generally speaking, empirically grounded and sits within a tradition of Positivism in relation to social analysis and (2) Critical Theory, which is more theoretical, speculative and sits within a Marxian tradition of social theory. First, I introduce the instrumental use of aesthetic practices and vocabularies that I want to oppose. This is done through a brief account of some ways in which creative practice can be used in forms of neo-liberal governance. Second, I survey and compare the use of aesthetics in Applied Social Science and Critical Theory. As I discuss, despite their differences both employ an understanding of the good society based on human flourishing. I conclude by offering three ways in which aesthetic practices contribute to human flourishing: (1) through fostering individual flourishing; (2) as a form of political imagination; and (3) as a model of discourse not regulated by truth.
Book Reviews
Authors: Child Danielle , Hutchinson Mark 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Out of Time, Out of Place: Public Art (Now), Claire Doherty (ed.) (2015) London: Art Books, 256 pp., ISBN: 9781908970176, h/bk, £29.99
Transmission Annual: Labour Work Action , Michael Corris, Jaspar Joseph-Lester and Sharon Kivland (eds) (2013) London: Artwords Press, 176 pp., ISBN: 9781906441319, p/bk, £14.50
Sibutramine: efficacy and safety of prescribing in routine clinical practice
Authors: Romantsova Tat'yana Ivanovna 
Published: January 2016

The 17th European Congress of endocrinology was held in Dublin in May 2015. Within the section «Obesity» the preliminary results of the observational program "PRIMAVERA" in the form of an oral report were presented. This article presents a brief review of the literature, reflecting the issues of mechanism of action, efficacy and safety of sibutramine and also includes an extended version of the main provisions of the report.
Renal concentration capacity in primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Mirnaya Svetlana Sergeevna , Mamedova Elizaveta Oktaevna , Mokrysheva Natalya Georgievna , Rozhinskaya Ludmila Yakovlevna , Dedov Ivan Ivanovich 
Published: January 2016

Aim. To evaluate the renal concentration capacity in patients with mild and severe primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT).Materials and methods. The study included 77 patients (median age 57 years [52;61]) with pHPT, first group was comprised of patients with mild form (n=23), second group contained patients with severe pHPT without nephrolithiasis (n=28) and the third group contained patients with pHPT and nephrolithiasis (n=26). Osmolality index was calculated as urine osmolality to blood osmolality ratio. Renal concentration capacity impairment was diagnosed with osmolality index less than 2.Results. Osmolality index in patients with pHPT was low with median 1,66 [1,38;2,1]. We found a high prevalence of renal concentration capacity impairment in patients with pHPT, that was 71,4%. Regardless of presence of nephrolithiasis both patients with mild and severe pHPT had similar prevalence (70%, 75% and 69,2% respectively).Conclusions. Renal concentration impairment is common in mild and severe pHPT. The findings of this study necessitate for measurement of urine osmolality or osmolality index in all patients with pHPT.Комбинированную терапию ожирения (диета, физические нагрузки + прием орлистата) в течение 7 ± 1 месяцев получали 15 пациентов первой группы (СОАС), 5 – во второй (инсомния) и 8 пациентов без нарушений сна. При сравнении групп не выявлено статистически значимых различий по числу пациентов, принимающих медикаментозную терапию ожирения (р 0,05). Через 7 ± 1 месяцев лечения ожирения среднее снижение МТ у больных с синдромом инсомнии составило –2,5 [–4; 0] кг, у больных с СОАС –7 [–18; –2] кг, у пациентов без нарушений сна –6,5 [–12; –2,25] кг.
Boundary layer analysis of nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations in a smooth domain
Authors: Jung Chang-Yeol , Park Eunhee , Temam Roger 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this article, we consider a singularly perturbed nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation whose solutions display thin boundary layers near the boundary of the domain. We fully analyse the singular behaviours of the solutions at any given order with respect to the small parameter ε, with suitable asymptotic expansions consisting of the outer solutions and of the boundary layer correctors. The systematic treatment of the nonlinear reaction terms at any given order is novel along the singular perturbation analysis. We believe that the analysis can be suitably extended to other nonlinear problems.
Closed Geodesics on Positively Curved Finsler 3-Spheres
Authors: Duan Huagui , Liu Hui 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In [33], Wang proved that for every Finsler three-dimensional sphere

(

S
3

,
F
)

${(S^{3},F)}$

with reversibility λ and flag curvature K satisfying

(

λ
/

(

1
+
λ

)

)

2

<
K
≤
1

${(\lambda/({1+\lambda}))^{2}<K\leq 1}$

, there exist at least three distinct closed geodesics. In this paper, we prove that for every Finsler three-dimensional sphere

(

S
3

,
F
)

$(S^{3},F)$

with reversibility λ and flag curvature K satisfying

(

9
/
4

)

⁢

(

λ
/

(

1
+
λ

)

)

2

<
K
≤
1

${(9/4)(\lambda/(1+\lambda))^{2}<K\leq 1}$

with

λ
<
2

${\lambda<2}$

, if there exist exactly three prime closed geodesics, then two of them are irrationally elliptic and the third one is infinitely degenerate.
The Pre-Raphaelite Journey into the Middle Ages
Authors: Ujszászi Zsuzsanna 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The Pre-Raphaelite artists and poets rejected contemporary conventional style in art, and did not concern themselves with the representation of contemporary life either. They viewed the surrounding social life as sordid, and reached back to the Middle Ages both for technique and subject matter. Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Holman Hunt, John Everett Millais, and later William Morris found inspiration in late medieval art and literature. They took their subjects from history, legend, religion or poetry, focusing on moral or psychological issues, and expressed fascination for beauty as a value of spiritual nature. This paper examines three of Dante Gabriel Rossetti’s medieval fantasy pictures (The Tune of Seven Towers, The Blue Closet and A Christmas Carol), which prompt a meditative and imaginative response through their enigmatic references, and thus attest the mysterious feature of Pre-Raphaelite medieval imagery. The paper discusses their enigmatic nature in the light of William Morris’s early dream poems The Tune of Seven Towers and The Blue Closet, written on the relevant Rossetti pictures. A parallel reading of poem and picture evidences how Pre-Raphaelite medievalism in painting can invite the onlooker for an inner journey through exploring an imagined referential background.
The Pilgrimage as Inner and Outer Journey in Paulo Coelho’s The Pilgrimage
Authors: Mihály Vilma-Irén 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The present paper aims at analyzing the significance and occurrence of pilgrimages as inner and outer journeys, focusing on their form(s) and role(s] in today’s postmodern society. The introductory part presents the phenomenon from a theoretical point of view, that is taking into consideration its possible definitions (e.g. as a religious phenomenon in pre-Christian and Christian cultures from the Middle Ages to the present: and pilgrimages in literature). The core of the paper then discusses Paulo Coelho’s novel entitled The Pilgrimage. A Contemporary Quest for Ancient Wisdom, which, though extremely popular, has not yet undergone any significant literary analysis. We shall examine the protagonist’s spiritual journey from the perspective of the postmodern human condition. The questions that the paper tries to answer also refer to the relationship between the novel and different religions such as Christianity and New Age. respectively neo-pagan movements that are the product and proof of postmodern pluralism at the same time.
Geogenic Contamination: Hydrogeochemical processes and relationships in Shallow Aquifers of Ibadan, South-West Nigeria
Authors: Amanambu Amobichukwu Chukwudi 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The result of the spatial analysis as applied to the hydrogeochemical data set in the shallow aquifer of Ibadan provides an insight into the underlying factors controlling hydrogeochemical processes in the area. A total of thirty drinking water samples (six samples each from the five major lithologic formations of the study area) were collected from shallow aquifers during the rainy and dry season. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and the Beckan DU-7500 single beam spectrophotometer were used to determine concentrations of arsenic, iron and fluoride in drinking water samples and the concentrations of other chemical parameters that could affect the concentrations of the geogenic contaminants including Ca, Mg, Na and SO4
2− were also analysed. pH and TDS were also determined. The Pearson Correlation and Factor Analysis were used to examine the relationship between the geogenic contaminants and concentration of other hydrogeochemical parameters while isopleth maps were drawn to ascertain lines of equal geogenic concentration (Isogeogenic lines). Factor analysis reduced the dataset into three major components representing the different sources of the contaminant. Major contributors to factor 1 and 3 (Salinization and Sulphate factors respectively) are natural phenomena while factor 2 is partly geogenic. The Isogeogenic lines show places of equal geogenic concentration and also with 3D Elevation modelling showed a high peak of Arsenic and Fluoride in the Sango area. The correlation test showed that there is a positive relationship between As and SO4
2− 0.889 (P < 0.05) and also a positive relationship between As and Mg 0.43 (P < 0.05). The significant relationship between As and SO4
2−, shows a partly geogenic source resulting from the reduction of sulphate to sulphide for the mobilization of As. The positive relationship between Fluoride and pH 0.242 (P > 0.05) implies that the concentration of F within the rock formation depends on high pH value.
An attempt to assess the results of air temperature measurements from automatic weather stations in comparison to glass thermometer measurements in the context of weather types
Authors: Urban Grzegorz 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In the article, an attempt was undertaken to compare the results of air temperature measurements made using automatic weather stations (AWS) to those of glass thermometers. The analysis considered the aspect of weather types. On the basis of simultaneous measurements carried out with the use of AWS and glass thermometers, the accuracy of measurements for 6 synoptic stations of IMGW-PIB was assessed. The stations represented the Lower and Opole Silesia regions. Mean differences in mean monthly and seasonal air temperature values (T) between AWS and glass results are not high. They are equal to ±0.1°C, only rarely reaching −0.2°C. In cold seasons and in particular months as well, they are negative. On an annual scale, differences hardly ever occur. No connection between mean difference for mean air temperature and weather types was found. The values of mean differences for mean monthly and seasonal maximum air temperature (Tx) are equal to ±0.1°C (except Śnieżka). The differences for T and Tx are of low significance, being within the normal range. Mean differences for mean monthly and seasonal minimum air temperature (Tn) are usually positive. In warm seasons they can reach 1.1°C. In the case of most of the stations under consideration, for positive differences for Tn, an increase in average (from +0.1°C to +0.5°C) and high (+0.5°C to +1.0°C) differences is noticed. The only exceptions are the Śnieżka and Opole stations. The differences for each category are not regular, therefore no universal corrections can be implemented.
Research and Practice: Partners and/or Competitors?
Authors: Berrová Eva , Jeřábek Milan , Jüttler Grit Krause 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Innovations, innovation potential and innovation transfer are very actual topics in many fields of people’s activities. This problematic intersects very broad spectrum of disciplines, from regional development crossing economy to much specified business management and engineering. In the geographical studies this theme appears most often in the connection to social economic situation, internal or external potential and regional development on different hierarchical levels. This paper summarizes the results of research (questionnaires and interviews), which was carried out in the same time on both sides of the border (in the Usti region and in the Central Saxony1). It was held under the cross border project “Innovation potential as a factor of increasing of the competitiveness of the Czech-Saxon borderland” (INPOK). Target respondents were on both sides the same: subjects from practices (companies), research and development institutions (high schools, universities, research institutes), then the public administration (above all the municipalities) and the regional actors (for example the economic chambers). We have focuses on analyzing the general framework conditions of the Czech-Saxon borderland, its strengths and weaknesses in the connection with active cross border cooperation above all between the research and practice field with the stress on the innovation behaviour in the study area.