bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preformed donor‐specific HLA antibodies are associated with increased risk of early mortality after liver transplantation
Authors: McCaughan Jennifer A. , Robertson Victoria , Falconer Stuart J. , Cryer Claire , Turner David M. , Oniscu Gabriel C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThere is limited evidence for a negative impact of preformed, donor‐specific HLA antibodies (DSA) identified by cross‐matching on outcomes after liver transplantation. Three recent studies have suggested an association between preformed DSA detected by Luminex and reduced graft or recipient survival in liver transplant cohorts with a high prevalence of hepatitis C. This study investigated the impact of preformed DSA identified by Luminex in the Scottish liver transplant population. All recipients of liver transplants in Scotland between 2007 and 2015 with samples available for day of transplant antibody testing and donor HLA typing were included (n=459); 96% of the cohort were white and 19% had a primary diagnosis of hepatitis C. The median follow‐up time was 36 months. Preformed DSA were detected in 88 recipients. In multivariate analysis, preformed DSA with a median fluorescent intensity ≥10 000 were associated with recipient mortality at 1 year. There was no association between DSA and overall graft or recipient survival. This study adds to the growing body of evidence supporting a detrimental impact of preformed, high‐level DSA in a subset of liver transplant recipients by identifying an association in an ethnically and demographically distinct liver transplant population.
Immunohistochemical markers for hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis after liver resection and liver transplantation
Authors: Lee Soo‐Ho , Lee Jun‐Suh , Na Gun‐Hyung , You Young‐Kyoung , Kim Dong‐Goo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimThere were differences in progression and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgery between liver resection (LR) and liver transplantation (LT). In this study, immunohistochemical (IHC) markers associated with the prognosis of HCC were assessed.MethodsData were collected from 167 patients who underwent LT (n=41) or LR (n=126) for HCC. IHC markers including alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), p53, Ki‐67, cytokeratin 7 (CK7), and cytokeratin 19 (CK19) were compared between the treatment methods in tumor tissue.ResultsAFP‐ and p53‐negative patients had a significantly higher survival rate than AFP‐ and p53‐positive patients (AFP: disease‐free survival [DFS] P=.006, overall survival [OS] P=.016; p53: DFS P=.005, OS P=.038) in the LR group. CK19 was related to DFS (P=.005), while CK7 (P=.014) and CK19 (P=.06) were related to OS in the LT group. When we combined factors that were significant in both groups (LR: AFP and p53, LT: CK7 and CK19), all‐negative patients had a higher survival rate (LR: DFS P=.025, OS P=.043, LT: DFS P=.034, OS P=.008).Conclusionp53 and AFP were predictors for poor prognosis of HCC after LR; CK7 and CK19 could be predictors for poor prognosis of patients with HCC after LT.
Is universal antifungal prophylaxis mandatory in adults after lung transplantation? A review and meta‐analysis of observational studies
Authors: Pilarczyk Kevin , Haake Nils , Heckmann Jens , Carstens Henning , Haneya Assad , Cremer Jochen , Jakob Heinz , Pizanis Nikolaus , Kamler Markus 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundLung transplant (LTX) recipients are at high risk of invasive Aspergillus infections (IAI). However, no randomized‐controlled trials (RCT) or international guidelines on antifungal prophylaxis (AFP) in the LTX population exist.MethodsA meta‐analysis was performed to determine whether AFP reduces the rate of IAI after LTX. A total of six eligible observational studies (five with no prophylaxis, one with targeted prophylaxis, three studies including heart/lung transplantation) with a total of 748 patients were included.ResultsThe pooled odds ratio (OR) for IAI (62 IFI in the intervention arm and 82 in the control group) was 0.234 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.097‐0.564, P=0.001, z=−3.237). Pooled studies were characterized by substantial heterogeneity (I2=66.64%); number needed to treat was 6.8. A subgroup analyses with exclusion of heart transplant recipients also showed a statistically significant reduction in IAI with AFP (OR 0.183, 95% CI 0.0449‐0.744, P=0.018).ConclusionThis study suggests that universal antifungal prophylaxes reduces incidence of IAI after LTX. However, included studies are limited by small sample size, single‐center structure without randomization, mixed population (including heart/heart‐lung transplant), and heterogeneity due to variations in immunosuppression, type, and duration of AFP. Therefore, there is a clear need for an adequately powered RCT.
The ‘Morph'ology of cytotechnology education
Authors: Donnelly A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract‘Morph’ means to change gradually and completely from one thing into another usually in a way that is surprising or seems magical. How can cytotechnology education be morphed into an expanded curriculum to teach new skills for advanced practice? The challenges cytotechnology programmes are facing today are many. The biggest of these challenges is the decreasing volume of Pap tests. Pap tests have been our ‘bread and butter’ throughout history; however, advances in health care and technology are inevitable, thus requiring changes in our educational practices. While these challenges seem insurmountable, we have the ability to expand the field of cytotechnology by taking advantage of existing opportunities. One example of these opportunities is performing rapid on site evaluation (ROSE) for specimen adequacy and perhaps taking it one step further by giving a preliminary diagnosis as a billable procedure. Now is the time to take gradual steps towards change in the current practice of cytotechnology. Let's join together and make the journey surprising and magical.
Guidance on liquid‐based cytology system conversion training: a secondary publication
Authors: Wilson A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNational cervical screening programmes are considering a move to HPV primary screening. HPV testing requires the cervical sample to be placed in liquid based cytology (LBC) media and the triage cytology test will be carried out using LBC preparations. The resources required for conversion training from conventional smears to LBC should not be underestimated as errors can be made without the use of a structured training plan and monitoring of performance. In the UK, many labs have converted between the two main LBC technologies, Thinprep and Surepath. The same logic apples: all staff including primary screeners and cytopathologists must undergo a structured conversion course with clear and measurable outcomes to ensure the competence of all staff before going “live” with the new technology. It is expected that conversion training will take approximately 39 hrs and a minimum of 95% high grade sensitivity and 70% specificity must be achieved.
Usefulness of bubble study in echocardiographic diagnosis of contained rupture of hydatid cyst in the right ventricular outflow tract
Authors: Singh Amitoj , Sharma Ravindra , Garg Ashok , Nanda Navin C. , Elsayed Mahmoud , Taher Ahmed , Bulur Serkan 
Published: September 2016

We describe an adult female presenting with dyspnea in whom both transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography detected a mobile sac‐like structure in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) containing a heterogenous echogenic mass. This sac‐like structure markedly changed its shape and size during the cardiac cycle. These findings and the fact that the patient lived in a rural area raised the possibility that this was a hydatid cyst. A bubble study using normal saline was useful in detecting a contained rupture of the cyst. Bubble echoes were noted within the sac‐like structure but did not penetrate the inner wall of the cyst which contained echogenic material, indicating that the rupture was confined only to the outer layers. At surgery, a 0.5 cm communication was noted between the cyst and the RVOT and pathology confirmed the diagnosis of hydatid cyst.
Mating disruption method against the vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus: effect of sequential treatment on infested vines
Authors: Sharon Rakefet , Zahavi Tirtza , Sokolsky Tamar , Sofer‐Arad Carmit , Tomer Maor , Kedoshim Rika , Harari Ally R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe vine mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a major pest of vineyards. Here, we tested the efficacy of the mating disruption method against the pest when applied during one or two successive years in high and low infestation levels. Following 1 year of treatment, at low initial infestation levels a shutdown of pheromone traps was observed, along with a significant reduction in infested vines. With initially high infestation levels, a gradual reduction in infested vines was observed, with a trap shutdown seen only after the second year of pheromone application. We discuss the implications of the male mating disruption method for this pest in which the wingless females are aggregated with limited movement among vines, offering multiple mating opportunities for the flying male.
Does the host's developmental stage affect host preference following an ovipositioning experience in Heterospilus prosopidis?
Authors: Sasakawa Kôji , Abe Masato S. , Shimada Masakazu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMany parasitoid wasps exhibit ‘oviposition learning,’ whereby females associate host‐related cues with oviposition and use them in subsequent searches for hosts. This is affected by various factors that have yet to be fully elucidated. We examined the effects of host developmental stage on oviposition learning in parasitoid wasps that utilize both larval and pupal hosts using Heterospilus prosopidis Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an ectoparasitoid of Bruchinae beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), as a model. First, we examined whether the induction of host species preference differs between oviposition on larval and pupal hosts. Oviposition choice experiments were performed for both larval and pupal hosts using two equally preferred host species – Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) and Callosobruchus maculatus (Fabricius) – and wasps that were conditioned by an oviposition experience on either of the two host species. We found an induction of host species preference in wasps conditioned with pupal hosts but not in wasps conditioned with larval hosts. Next, we examined whether the induced preference was host‐stage‐specific. Oviposition experiments with pupal‐host‐conditioned wasps and larval hosts as choice hosts indicated that learned cues were not used when searching for larval hosts. Similar results were obtained for larval‐host‐conditioned wasps. We compared oviposition behavior on larval and pupal hosts but found no behavioral differences that could contribute to the observed difference in host preference induction. Our results indicate that larval and pupal hosts have different effects on host preference following an oviposition experience in H. prosopidis, although the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. These findings are notable because in parasitoid wasps that utilize both larval and pupal hosts, host developmental stages have attracted little attention as factors affecting oviposition learning.
From Hard to Soft Governance in Multi‐level Education Systems
Authors: Wilkoszewski Harald , Sundby Eli 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDecision‐making in educations systems has become more complex: while decentralisation has moved the locus of power to lower governance levels, the central level still is held responsible for the quality of outcomes. As a consequence, new steering strategies have emerged that tend to apply softer modes of governance as opposed to harder ones in the past. This article aims at shedding empirical and conceptual light on these new developments. It compares two national examples for soft modes of governance with a supra‐national one (the EU's Open Method of Co‐ordination OMC) and argues that OMC might be both a useful analytical lens to categorise new steering mechanisms and a possibly promising policy strategy at the national level.
Introduction bias affects relationships between the characteristics of ornamental alien plants and their naturalization success
Authors: Maurel Noëlie , Hanspach Jan , Kühn Ingolf , Pyšek Petr , van Kleunen Mark 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimAlien plants with certain characteristics may have been introduced earlier and more frequently than others. Such introduction bias may cause spurious associations between plant characteristics and naturalization (the establishment of self‐sustaining populations in the wild). We aimed to disentangle direct and indirect (i.e. mediated by introduction history) effects of species characteristics on the naturalization success of alien plants introduced for horticulture.LocationGermany (non‐native range); rest of the world (native range).MethodsWe compiled a dataset of 435 alien plant species introduced in cultivation in Germany, including data on their year of introduction, the number of botanical gardens where they are planted, native range, biological traits and naturalization success. We used path analysis to estimate the direct effects of geographical origin and biological traits on naturalization, and their indirect effects mediated by year and/or frequency of introduction.ResultsWe found significant direct positive effects of native range size and winter hardiness on naturalization. Alien species native to other parts of Europe and species with a large native range were brought to the country earlier than other species. In addition, woody species, winter‐hardy species and tall species were planted more frequently than others. Because the number of botanical gardens where a species is planted increased naturalization success directly, and residence time did so indirectly through a significant positive association with the number of botanical gardens, most of the species characteristics had indirect effects on naturalization.Main conclusionsOur approach allowed us to show that apparent effects of species characteristics on naturalization success can be at least partly indirect, due to introduction biases. This indicates that failure to recognize such introduction biases could impair our ability to explain the success of alien plant species.
Low‐literate consumers' use of clothing labels amidst personal and product related challenges
Authors: van Staden Hanlie , van der Merwe Daleen , van Aardt Annette , Ellis Susanna 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLow‐literate consumers experience various challenges in the marketplace. This quantitative study focused on low‐literate female consumers' use of clothing labels amidst personal and product‐related challenges in the marketplace. An interviewer‐administered questionnaire was used among black African female consumers (n = 450) with literacy levels ranging from Grades 5 to 8 (on average, 11–14 years old), residing in the Emfuleni Local Municipality area, Gauteng, South Africa. Personal challenges experienced involved reading and numeracy skills, as well as concrete and pictographic thinking. Although respondents indicated that they read and understand clothing labels, results revealed problems experienced when attempting to use the information provided. Their numeracy skills were average and related abstract thinking skills were fair. Product‐related challenges were related to the format of labels, care‐label knowledge and evaluation of clothing quality. Respondents' preference for symbolic and graphic presentation of size format provided evidence of pictographic thinking. Care label understanding was poor, and clothing products were evaluated concretely. Some of the older respondents were inclined to follow the peripheral route of elaboration when reading clothing‐label information. We conclude that low‐literate consumers' use of clothing label information can improve if provided in a format that they can read and understand.
Egg utilization and consumer acceptability of egg dishes prepared with commercial egg powder in rural Mkhambathini, South Africa
Authors: Ntila Sithandiwe , Kolanisi Unathi , Siwela Muthulisi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEggs have a potential to alleviate protein‐energy malnutrition among rural communities. Unfortunately, eggs are perishable and most rural communities in South Africa have very limited access to effective food storage and preservation facilities. Utilization of eggs by rural households could increase if they were available in the form of egg powder, which is convenient and shelf‐stable. However, rural communities in South Africa are not familiar with egg powder and therefore it is not known whether it would be acceptable to them. The aim of the current study was to explore the utilization of eggs by rural households of Mkhambathini, South Africa, and assess the potential for using egg powder in popular egg dishes. A total of 110 household representatives completed a survey questionnaire, 50 participated in focus group discussions and 51 in sensory evaluation of egg dishes (sandwich and relish) prepared with commercial egg powder. The households perceived eggs as an important, nutritious food, but cultural beliefs, ineffective storage facilities, and limited market access restricted their utilization. Results of sensory evaluation showed that the acceptability of the egg powder dishes was similar to that of their fresh egg counterparts. Overall, the study demonstrates that there is a great potential for rural households to replace fresh egg dishes with egg powder dishes.
Origin of the Zika virus revealed: a historical journey across the world
Authors: Mlacker Stephanie , Shafa Golsa , Aldahan Adam S. , Shah Vidhi V. , Samarkandy Sahal , Nouri Keyvan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundZika virus (ZIKV) is an arbovirus within the Flaviviridae family, the recent spread of which has promoted public concern.MethodsThis study outlines the clinical features, potential for teratogenicity, diagnosis, and treatment of ZIKV infection.ResultsZika virus is transmitted through the bite of an infected Stegomyia (= Aedes) mosquito, blood transfusion, sexual intercourse, and perinatal routes. Infection has been characterized as mildly symptomatic. Symptoms include mild fever, headache, arthralgia, myalgia, non‐purulent conjunctivitis, and a pruritic maculopapular rash. It is rarely life‐threatening, but both Guillain–Barré syndrome and fetal microcephaly have been reported. ZIKV belongs to the same family as bovine viral diarrhea virus, which causes hydrocephalus and microcephaly in newborn calves, and hepatitis C virus, which can be vertically transmitted in human pregnancies, and hence there remains concern for potential similarities. Diagnostic methods include polymerase chain reaction performed in blood samples during infection, and in urine and saliva. Pregnant women undergo antibody testing for immunoglobulin M. Treatment involves supportive care, and acetaminophen and antihistamines to control symptoms.ConclusionsAlthough there was no evidence of the circulation of ZIKV in the Western hemisphere prior to 2014, the global spread of Stegomyia aegypti and increases in urban populations and international travel have fostered its evolution. Adherence to current guidelines for the prevention of ZIKV transmission is especially relevant in regions experiencing ongoing outbreaks. Concern for microcephaly in newborns warrants further investigation into the potential long‐term effects of ZIKV infection, especially in relation to reproductive health and mother–fetus transmission.
Comparison of a physical activity recall questionnaire with accelerometry in children and adolescents with obesity: a pilot study
Authors: Lockwood Jonathan , Jeffery Allison , Schwartz Alexander , Manlhiot Cedric , Schneiderman Jane E. , McCrindle Brian W. , Hamilton Jill 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThis study aimed to determine the validity of the Habitual Activity Estimation Scale (HAES) for assessing physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents with severe obesity. Data were obtained from participants (n = 17) in the High Impact Strategies Toward Overweight Reduction in Youth study at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Objective measurement of PA was recorded with accelerometers and interpreted using counts‐per‐minute (CPM) cut­points developed for children and adolescents. Self‐report measurement of PA was collected using the HAES questionnaire. Pearson correlations revealed HAES significantly overestimated average daily duration of vigorous (+48 ± 64 min, p < 0.001) and moderate‐light activity (+114 ± 129 min, p < 0.001) but not inactivity (+38 ± 158 min, p = 0.17). This disagreement may be explained by increased perceived exertion in obese participants when performing PA. Thus, the HAES should not be used to assess PA in obese youth. Further work to validate accelerometer CPM cut‐points for obese children and adolescents calibrated to energy consumption and perceived exertion during PA in this group is warranted
The rights of migrant workers: Economics, politics and ethics
Authors: RUHS Martin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe labour immigration policies of high‐income countries are characterized by trade‐offs between openness to admitting migrant workers and some of the rights granted to migrants after admission. This empirical observation lies at the heart of the author's 2013 book, The price of rights: Regulating international labor migration. In this article, he reviews its main findings, arguments and policy implications and responds to a critical review of the book that was published in the International Labour Review in 2015. He concludes with a plea for more open debate on the linkages between migrant rights, labour migration and development among national and international organizations concerned with these issues.
Enhancing self‐care, adjustment and engagement through mobile phones in youth with HIV.
Authors: John M.E. , Samson‐Akpan P.E. , Etowa J.B. , Akpabio I.I. , John E.E. 
Published: September 2016

AimTo evaluate the effectiveness of mobile phones in enhancing self‐care, adjustment and engagement in non‐disclosed youth living with HIV.BackgroundYouth aged 15–24 years represent 42% of new HIV infections globally. Youth who are aware of their HIV status generally do not disclose it or utilize HIV‐related facilities because of fear of stigma. They rely on the Internet for health maintenance information and access formal care only when immune‐compromised and in crisis.IntroductionThis study shows how non‐disclosed youth living with HIV can be reached and engaged for self‐management and adjustment through mobile phone.Study designOne‐group pre‐test/post‐test experimental design was used.MethodsMobile phones were used to give information, motivation and counselling to 19 purposively recruited non‐disclosed youth with HIV in Calabar, South‐South Nigeria. Psychological adjustment scale, modified self‐care capacity scale and patient activation measure were used to collect data. Data were analysed using PASW 18.0.ResultsScores on self‐care capacity, psychological adjustment and engagement increased significantly at post‐test. HIV‐related visits to health facilities did not improve significantly even at 6 months. Participants still preferred to consult healthcare providers for counselling through mobile phone.DiscussionMobile phone‐based interventions are low cost, convenient, ensure privacy and are suitable for youth. Such remote health counselling enhances self‐management and positive living.Conclusion and implications for health policyMobile phones enhance self‐care, psychological adjustment and engagement in non‐disclosed youth living with HIV, and can be used to increase care coverage. Findings underline the importance of policies to increase access by locating, counselling and engaging HIV‐infected youth in care.