bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patients’ Experiences of Using a Cellular Photo Digital Breathalyzer for Treatment Purposes
Authors: Nehlin Christina , Carlsson Kristina , Öster Caisa 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
The field of eHealth systems is rapidly developing and is now expanding into alcohol treatment settings. Despite a growing public and professional interest, cellular photo digital breathalyzers (CPDBs) have not been investigated in a clinical context so far. In this study, we aimed to investigate the experiences of patients in alcohol treatment who had been using a CPDB—TripleA- for a minimum of three months. What are their personal experiences of using the CPDB? Do the patients think it supports them to change their drinking habits, and if so, in what way?

Methods:
A qualitative interview study with individuals who had been using the CPDB TripleA, for at least 3 months as complement to treatment (12-step program or hospital-based outpatient care). A thematic analysis with an inductive approach was used to identify, analyze, and interpret patterns within data.

Results:
In all, 12 interviews were conducted with 8 men and 4 women. Participants were generally enthusiastic about the CPDB and found it convenient and useful, even though it created a need for privacy when using the device. Although technical problems were substantial, participants were tolerant to those. The system was perceived to support self-control and to restore relations, but did not replace the need for close contact with caregivers. Self-motivation to change drinking habits was essential, and could not be reached by solely using the CPDB.

Conclusions:
Participants perceived the CPDB as a convenient and useful tool that was supportive under the circumstances that it was used in a context that included personal contact with a caregiver; and the user felt more than just a minimum of motivation to reduce drinking. Technical stability needs to be achieved to secure long-term use.
Rare NaV1.7 variants associated with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Blesneac Iulia , Themistocleous Andreas C. , Fratter Carl , Conrad Linus J. , Ramirez Juan D. , Cox James J. , Tesfaye Solomon , Shillo Pallai R. , Rice Andrew S.C. , Tucker Stephen J. , Bennett David L.H. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common disabling complication of diabetes. Almost half of the patients with DPN develop neuropathic pain (NeuP) for which current analgesic treatments are inadequate. Understanding the role of genetic variability in the development of painful DPN is needed for improved understanding of pain pathogenesis for better patient stratification in clinical trials and to target therapy more appropriately. Here, we examined the relationship between variants in the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7 and NeuP in a deeply phenotyped cohort of patients with DPN. Although no rare variants were found in 78 participants with painless DPN, we identified 12 rare NaV1.7 variants in 10 (out of 111) study participants with painful DPN. Five of these variants had previously been described in the context of other NeuP disorders and 7 have not previously been linked to NeuP. Those patients with rare variants reported more severe pain and greater sensitivity to pressure stimuli on quantitative sensory testing. Electrophysiological characterization of 2 of the novel variants (M1852T and T1596I) demonstrated that gain of function changes as a consequence of markedly impaired channel fast inactivation. Using a structural model of NaV1.7, we were also able to provide further insight into the structural mechanisms underlying fast inactivation and the role of the C-terminal domain in this process. Our observations suggest that rare NaV1.7 variants contribute to the development NeuP in patients with DPN. Their identification should aid understanding of sensory phenotype, patient stratification, and help target treatments effectively.
Bacteremia in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis
Authors: Addo Smith Jennifer N. , Yau Raymond , Russo Hannah P. , Putney Kimberly , Restrepo Alejandro , Garey Kevin W. , Sofjan Amelia K. 
Published: November 2017

Goals:
The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of multidrug resistant organisms (MDRO) in cirrhotic patients with bacteremia at a large tertiary center in the United States.

Background:
The epidemiology of bacteremia in patients with liver cirrhosis has not been well studied in the United States.

Study:
This case-case control study included 180 adults with liver cirrhosis hospitalized from 2011 to 2015. Case group 1 were patients with bacteremia due to a MDRO (n=30). Case group 2 were patients with bacteremia due to a non-MDRO (n=60). Control group comprised patients without bacteremia (n=90). MDRO was defined as bacteria that was nonsusceptible to ≥1 agent in ≥3 antimicrobial categories.

Results:
Of the 90 bacteremia episodes, 44% were because of gram-positive bacteria, 50% were because of gram-negative bacteria, and 6% were polymicrobial. MDROs caused 30 of 90 (33%) bacteremia episodes, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus species [12% (11/90)], fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae [10% (9/90)], and Enterococcus faecium [3% (3/90)]. Eight percent of Enterobacteriaceae produced extended-spectrum β-lactamases. Four independent predictors of MDROs were identified: nonwhite race [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 3.35; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.19-9.38], biliary cirrhosis (aOR, 11.75; 95% CI, 2.08-66.32), blood cultures obtained >48 hours after hospital admission (aOR, 6.02; 95% CI, 1.70-21.40), and recent health care exposure (aOR, 9.81; 95% CI, 2.15-44.88).

Conclusions:
A significant proportion of bacteremia in cirrhotic patients was due to MDROs at a large US tertiary care center. Local epidemiology data and identification of risk factors associated with MDROs may help with optimal empiric antibiotic selection.
Impact of Hydroxyurea on Anthropometry and Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Among Children With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Adegoke Samuel A. , Braga Josefina A.P. , D. Adekile Adekunle , Figueiredo Maria S. 
Published: November 2017

Objective:To evaluate the impact of hydroxyurea (HU) on nutritional status and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) of children with sickle cell disease (SCD).Design:Anthropometry and serum 25-OHD were determined in 98 children with SCD, comprising of 68 in HU-group and 30 in HU-naive group.Results:Underweight was more common among HU-naive group (33.3% vs. 10.3%,P=0.009), while 79.4% of HU-group against 56.7% HU-naive had normal body mass index percentile for age and sex,P=0.028. None of the HU-group compared with 13.3% of the HU-naive had severe vitamin D deficiency,P=0.002. The mean 25-OHD of the HU-group was also higher (24.1±1.2 vs. 19.1±9.8 ng/mL,P=0.007).Conclusions:HU possibly ameliorate growth retardation and vitamin D deficiency in children with SCD.
Community-Based Home Health Programs and Chronic Disease
Authors: Vandiver Tonya , Anderson Tracy , Boston Brittani , Bowers Cynthia , Hall Norma 
Published: November 2017

Purpose of Study:
This article reviewed and evaluated literature on the various community-based home health programs and their effectiveness at preventing hospital admissions in adults. The research question addressed is as follows: Do community-based home health programs decrease hospital admissions in adult patients with chronic disease?

Primary Practice Setting:
The primary practice setting evaluated in this review of the literature was community-based home health programs.

Methodology and Sample:
In this literature review, a seven-step review method was utilized to assess the evidence. Three electronic databases were used to conduct the initial search inquiry: CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) Plus with Full Text, Medline, and PsycINFO. The search parameters include research from 2006 through 2016, English-language studies, and research published in peer-reviewed journals. The following search terms were used in multiple combinations: community-based health programs, chronic disease, and home. The primary sample population assessed was older adults with chronic disease.

Results:
The research identified three common themes that influenced quality-of-life outcomes and health care utilization in participants of a community-based home health program. These themes were encouragement and emotional support, home visits, and multidisciplinary coordination of care. Additional concepts of depression and educational reinforcement were also noted.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
This literature review indicates that community-based home health programs are a viable solution to providing cost-effective health care to the adult population with chronic diseases. Community-based home health programs have been shown to have a positive impact on the quality of life and a decrease in health care utilization, including emergency department and primary care practitioner visits and hospital admissions, for adults with chronic disease.
Patient and Nurse Experiences in a Rural Chronic Disease Management Program
Authors: Davisson Erica A. , Swanson Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
Rural status confounds chronic disease self-management. The purpose of this qualitative, descriptive study was to evaluate the nurse-led “Living Well” chronic disease management program reporting patient recruitment and retention issues since program initiation in 2013. The Chronic Care Model (CCM) was the guiding framework used to reinforce that interdisciplinary teams must have productive patient interactions for their program(s) to be sustainable.

Primary Practice Setting:
A rural, Midwest county clinic's chronic disease management program.

Methodology and Sample:
Observations, interviews, and within- and across-case coding were used. Patients' responses were analyzed to identify (1) reasons for recruitment and retention problems and (2) program elements that were viewed as successful or needing improvement. A convenience sample of 6 rural, English-speaking adults (65 years or older, with no severe cognitive impairment) with at least one chronic condition was recruited and interviewed.

Results:
Themes emerged related to nurse knowledge, availability, and value; peer support; overcoming barriers; adherence enhancement; and family/friends' involvement. Patients reported engagement in self-management activities because of program elements such as support groups and productive nurse–patient interactions. Interdisciplinary communication, commitment, and patient referral processes were identified as reasons for recruitment and retention issues.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
Findings substantiated that certain elements must be present and improved upon for future rural programs to be successful. Interdisciplinary communication may need to be improved to address recruitment and retention problems. It was clear from patient interviews that the nurse coordinators played a major role in patients' self-management adherence and overall satisfaction with the program. This is important to case management because results revealed the need for programs of this nature that incorporate the vital role of nurse coordinators and align with the CCM value of providing a supportive community health care resource for patients with chronic disease.
Working With Transgender Individuals in Case Management Practice
Authors: Garrett Michael B. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose and Objectives:
To understand key concepts, effective communication strategies, and a broad range of health and human services for transgender persons in order to enhance the effectiveness of case management services.

Primary Practice Settings:
Individuals who identify as transgender or gender variant.

Findings/Conclusions:
Transgender persons have faced historic challenges in accessing health care services that are respectful, sensitive, and affirming. Case managers have the opportunity to serve as an advocate for these individuals by understanding effective communication strategies as well as medical, behavioral, and social services to support transgender persons through the transition process.

Implications for Case Management Practice:
To be effective with transgender persons, case managers need to know key terms and communications strategies, medical treatment options, behavioral health issues that need to be evaluated and addressed, and social services available to transgender persons.
Case Managers on the Front Lines of Ethical Dilemmas
Authors: Sortedahl Charlotte , Mottern Nina , Campagna Vivian 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of this article is to examine how case managers are routinely confronted by ethical dilemmas within a fragmented health care system and given the reality of financial pressures that influence life-changing decisions. The Code of Professional Conduct for Case Managers (Code), published by the Commission for Case Manager Certification, acknowledges “case managers may often confront ethical dilemmas” (Code 1996, Rev. 2015).

Primary Practice Settings:
The Code and expectations that professional case managers, particularly those who are board certified, will uphold ethical and legal practice apply to case managers in every practice setting across the full continuum of health care.

Implementations for Case Management Practice:
This discussion acknowledges the ethical dilemmas that case managers routinely confront, which empowers them to seek support, guidance, and resources to support ethical practice. In addition, the article seeks to raise awareness of the effects of burnout and moral distress on case managers and others with whom they work closely on interdisciplinary teams.
Potential of Noncontrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Characterization of Breast Lesions
Authors: Baltzer Pascal A.T. , Bickel Hubert , Spick Claudio , Wengert Georg , Woitek Ramona , Kapetas Panagiotis , Clauser Paola , Helbich Thomas H. , Pinker Katja 
Published: November 2017

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the potential of noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (NC-MRI) with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in characterization of breast lesions in comparison to dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) at 3 T.

Materials and Methods
Consecutive patients with conventional imaging (mammography, ultrasound) BI-RADS 4/5 findings were included in this institutional review board–approved single-center study. All underwent 3 T breast MRI including readout-segmented DWI, DCE, and T2-weighted sequences. Final diagnosis was defined by histopathology or follow-up (>24 months). Two experienced radiologists (R1, R2) independently assigned lesion conspicuity (0 = minimal to 3 = excellent) and BI-RADS scores to NC-MRI (readout-segmented DWI including apparent diffusion coefficient maps) and DCE-MRI (DCE and T2-weighted). Receiver operating characteristics, κ statistics, and visual grading characteristics analysis were applied.

Results
Sixty-seven malignant and 56 benign lesions were identified in 113 patients (mean age, 54 ± 14 years). Areas under the receiver operating characteristics curves were similar: DCE-MRI: 0.901 (R1), 0.905 (R2); NC-MRI: 0.882 (R1), 0.854 (R2); P > 0.05, respectively. The κ agreement was 0.968 (DCE-MRI) and 0.893 (NC-MRI). Visual grading characteristics analysis revealed superior lesion conspicuity by DCE-MRI (0.661, P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Diagnostic performance and interreader agreement of both NC-MRI and DCE-MRI is high, indicating a potential use of NC-MRI as an alternative to DCE-MRI. However, inferior lesion conspicuity and lower interreader agreement of NC-MRI need to be considered.
Metal-promoted titania photocatalysis for destruction of nitrates and organics from aqueous environments
Authors: Anderson James A. 
Published: November 2017

This review article provides an overview of activities in the rapidly developing field of water purification via photocatalytic methods and focuses on the removal of nitrate ions with simultaneous removal of the hole scavenger. Many of the issues associated with provision of potable water in the developing world may be resolved by the use of simple physical methodologies such as filtration. However, many of the issues associated with water purity in the developed world involve complex, stable molecules present at low concentrations that are nonetheless capable of producing toxic effects in plants and animals and that require more demanding removal technologies. Photocatalytic methods can be operated remotely and often show minimal production of undesired side products. Titania alone shows limitations, not only in terms of the slow rate of photoreduction of nitrate but also in terms of selectivity and the need to employ radiation in the UV region due to the magnitude of the band gap. Key challenges may be defined as: reducing the band gap/increasing absorption in the visible region, enhancing the adsorption capacity/access to the surface sites and reducing the rate of hole/electron recombination. The present article will focus on the use of titania-based materials that involve metal co-catalysts for nitrate reduction.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world’.
The fourth wave of biocatalysis is approaching
Authors: Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: November 2017

Biocatalysis has undergone a tremendous development in the past few years. A plethora of methods enable the rather rapid tailored-design of an enzyme for a targeted reaction such as asymmetric synthesis of a chiral building block by the combination of information from sequence and structure databases with modern molecular biology methods and high-throughput screening tools. Moreover, novel non-natural reactions could be implemented into protein scaffolds and new enzyme classes are emerging, both broadening the repertoire of reactions now available for organic synthesis. Furthermore, impressive examples of metabolic engineering—the combination of several newly introduced reaction steps in a microbial host—have been developed, paving the way for large-scale processes for both pharmaceuticals and bulk chemicals. This contribution highlights recent developments in this area and points out future challenges.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world’.
‘Switch’ catalysis: from monomer mixtures to sequence-controlled block copolymers
Authors: Stößer T. , Chen T. T. D. , Zhu Y. , Williams C. K. 
Published: November 2017

A ‘Switch’ catalysis method is reviewed whereby a single catalyst is switched between ring-opening polymerization and ring-opening copolymerization cycles. It allows the efficient synthesis of block copolymers from mixtures of lactones, epoxides, anhydrides and carbon dioxide. In order to use and further develop such ‘Switch’ catalysis, it is important to understand how to monitor the catalysis and characterize the product block copolymers. Here, a step-by-step guide to both the catalysis and the identification of block copolymers is presented.
This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world’.
Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world: a summary and recommendations for urgent future action
Authors: Thomas John Meurig 
Published: November 2017

In addition to summarizing the main thrusts of each paper presented at this Discussion, other urgent issues involving the role (and characterization) of new catalysts for eliminating oxides of nitrogen, for using CO2liberated from steel mills, for fuel cells and the need for rapid decarbonization of fossil fuels are outlined.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Providing sustainable catalytic solutions for a rapidly changing world’.
Two-Photon Imaging of Striatum Demonstrates Distinct Functions for Striosomes and Matrix in Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Bloem Bernard , Huda Rafiq , Sur Mriganka , Graybiel Ann M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDespite the discovery of striosomes several decades ago, technical difficulties have hampered the study of their functions. Here we used 2-photon calcium imaging in neuronal birthdate-labeled Mash1-CreER mice to image simultaneously the activity of striosomal and matrix neuronsin vivo. We report that with this method we can visually identify circumscribed zones of neuropil that correspond to striosomes as verified in immunostained sections. We find that striosomal neurons, relative to matrix neurons, preferentially encode reward-predicting cues, and that their activity contains more information about expected outcome. These characteristics emerge during training and further strengthen during overtraining. Both striatal compartments are active similarly after reward delivery, firing at neuron-specific times during or after consummatory licking. Finally, we find that immediate reward history strongly modulates neuronal activation in the next trial, especially in matrix neurons. These results suggest that striosomes and matrix have distinct functions in relation to reinforcement learning.
A genome-wide association study for host resistance to Ostreid Herpesvirus in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas)
Authors: Gutierrez Alejandro P. , Bearf Tim P. , Hooped Chantelle , Stentort Craig A. , Sanders Matthew B. , Paley Richard K. , Rastas Pasi , Bryrom Michaela , Matika Oswald , Houston Ross D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOstreid herpesvirus (OsHV) can cause mass mortality events in Pacific oyster aquaculture. While various factors impact on the severity of outbreaks, it is clear that genetic resistance of the host is an important determinant of mortality levels. This raises the possibility of selective breeding strategies to improve the genetic resistance of farmed oyster stocks, thereby contributing to disease control. Traditional selective breeding can be augmented by use of genetic markers, either via marker-assisted or genomic selection. The aim of the current study was to investigate the genetic architecture of resistance to OsHV in Pacific oyster, to identify genomic regions containing putative resistance genes, and to inform the use of genomics to enhance efforts to breed for resistance. To achieve this, a population of ~1,000 juvenile oysters were experimentally challenged with a virulent form of OsHV, with samples taken from mortalities and survivors for genotyping and qPCR measurement of viral load. The samples were genotyped using a recently-developed SNP array, and the genotype data were used to reconstruct the pedigree. Using these pedigree and genotype data, the first high density linkage map was constructed for Pacific oyster, containing 20,353 SNPs mapped to the ten pairs of chromosomes. Genetic parameters for resistance to OsHV were estimated, indicating a significant but low heritability for the binary trait of survival and also for viral load measures (h2 0.12 – 0.25). A genome-wide association study highlighted a region of linkage group 6 containing a significant QTL affecting host resistance. These results are an important step towards identification of genes underlying resistance to OsHV in oyster, and a step towards applying genomic data to enhance selective breeding for disease resistance in oyster aquaculture.