bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENSO amplitude changes due to greenhouse warming in CMIP5: Role of mean tropical precipitation in the twentieth century
Authors: Ham Yoo‐Geun , Kug Jong‐Seong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between the intermodel diversities of the present climate climatology and those of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) amplitude change under global warming in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models. The models with increased ENSO amplitude under greenhouse warming (i.e., “ENSO‐amplified models”) tend to simulate a twentieth century stronger climatological Intertropical Convergence Zone and South Pacific Convergence Zone over the central‐eastern Pacific that are located farther away from the equator during boreal spring. Moisture budget analysis indicates that those climatological differences lead to stronger positive climatological precipitation change over the off‐equatorial central‐eastern Pacific under greenhouse warming. The stronger positive climatological precipitation change enhances the air‐sea coupling strength over the central‐eastern Pacific, which leads to increase the ENSO amplitude.
Geometric evolution of the Horcones Inferior Glacier (Mount Aconcagua, Central Andes) during the 2002–2006 surge
Authors: Pitte Pierre , Berthier Etienne , Masiokas Mariano H. , Cabot Vincent , Ruiz Lucas , Ferri Hidalgo Lidia , Gargantini Hernán , Zalazar Laura 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Central Andes of Chile and Argentina (31–35°S) contain a large number and variety of ice masses, but only two surging glaciers have been studied in this region. We analyzed the 2002–2006 surge of the Horcones Inferior Glacier, Mount Aconcagua, Argentina, based on medium spatial resolution (15–30 m) satellite images and digital elevation models. During the buildup phase the glacier was stagnant, with velocities lower than 0.1 m/d. In the active‐phase velocities reached 14 m/d and the glacier front advanced 3.1 km. At the peak of the active phase (2003–2004), the area‐averaged elevation change was −42 m in the reservoir zone (2.53 km2) and +30 m in the receiving zone (3.31 km2). The estimated ice flux through a cross section located at 4175 meter above sea level was 108 m3 during a period of 391 days, a flux that suggests a mean glacier thickness at this location of ~90 m. The depletion phase showed a recovery of the reservoir zone elevation, the down wasting of the receiving zone (−17 m, 2007–2014), and a return to quiescent velocities. The short active phase, the abrupt change in the velocities, and the high level of the proglacial stream indicate a hydrological switch (Alaska type) trigger. The 2002–2006 and 1984–1990 surges of Horcones Inferior were synchronous with the surges of nearby Grande del Nevado Glacier. These events occurred after periods of positive mass balance, so we hypothesize a climate driver.
Gender and Parent Care
Authors: Choi Heejeong , Kang Sunwoo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Gender difference is a significant characteristic of parent care. Two thirds of filial caregivers are daughters and daughters‐in‐law, and their care practice differs from that of sons. Daughters are more often primary caregivers, extending direct, hands‐on assistance with instrumental activities of daily living and activities of daily living. Theories maintain that caregiving may be more central to women's identity (psychodynamic theory), that sociocultural norms help women internalize the caregiver role (socialization theory), or that women are forced into caregiving by gender inequities that permeate public and private spheres (feminist theory). Caring for an older parent is more detrimental to mental health for daughters compared to sons, although findings on physical health are equivocal. Roles concurrent with caregiving and socioeconomic circumstances are significant moderators affecting parent caregiver health. Given sociodemographic changes in the 21st century, gender differences in the prevalence and nature of parent care may decrease.
Pathogenic mechanism of recurrent mutations of SCN8A in epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Wagnon Jacy L. , Barker Bryan S. , Hounshell James A. , Haaxma Charlotte A. , Shealy Amy , Moss Timothy , Parikh Sumit , Messer Ricka D. , Patel Manoj K. , Meisler Miriam H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 13 (EIEE13, OMIM #614558) results from de novo missense mutations of SCN8A encoding the voltage‐gated sodium channel Nav1.6. More than 20% of patients have recurrent mutations in residues Arg1617 or Arg1872. Our goal was to determine the functional effects of these mutations on channel properties.MethodsClinical exome sequencing was carried out on patients with early‐onset seizures, developmental delay, and cognitive impairment. Two mutations identified here, p.Arg1872Leu and p.Arg1872Gln, and two previously identified mutations, p.Arg1872Trp and p.Arg1617Gln, were introduced into Nav1.6 cDNA, and effects on electrophysiological properties were characterized in transfected ND7/23 cells. Interactions with FGF14, G‐protein subunit Gβγ, and sodium channel subunit β1 were assessed by coimmunoprecipitation.ResultsWe identified two patients with the novel mutation p.Arg1872Leu and one patient with the recurrent mutation p.Arg1872Gln. The three mutations of Arg1872 and the mutation of Arg1617 all impaired the sodium channel transition from open state to inactivated state, resulting in channel hyperactivity. Other observed abnormalities contributing to elevated channel activity were increased persistent current, increased peak current density, hyperpolarizing shift in voltage dependence of activation, and depolarizing shift in steady‐state inactivation. Protein interactions were not affected.InterpretationRecurrent mutations at Arg1617 and Arg1872 lead to elevated Nav1.6 channel activity by impairing channel inactivation. Channel hyperactivity is the major pathogenic mechanism for gain‐of‐function mutations of SCN8A. EIEE13 differs mechanistically from Dravet syndrome, which is caused by loss‐of‐function mutations of SCN1A. This distinction has important consequences for selection of antiepileptic drugs and the development of gene‐ and mutation‐specific treatments.
Work organization, exposure to workplace hazards and sickness presenteeism in the European employed population
Authors: d'Errico Angelo , Ardito Chiara , Leombruni Roberto 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundAim of the study was to identify work organization features and workplace hazards associated with sickness presenteeism (SP) among European workers.MethodsThe study was conducted on data from the European Working Conditions Survey 2010 and included a study population of 30,279 employees. The relationship between work‐related factors and SP was assessed through Poisson multivariate robust regression models, adjusting for significant (P < 0.05) individual and work‐related characteristics.ResultsSP for at least 2 days in the previous year was reported by 35% of the workers. In fully adjusted model, several psychosocial (decision authority, skill discretion, reward, abuse; psychological, cognitive, and emotional demand), and organizational factors (shift work, working with clients, long work hours) were positively associated with SP, whereas job insecurity and exposure to physical factors (lifting or moving people, vibration) decreased SP risk.ConclusionsOur results support the importance of work‐related factors, especially psychosocial exposures and organizational features, in determining workers' SP. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:57–72, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A DNA–Fullerene Conjugate as a Template for Supramolecular Chromophore Assemblies: Towards DNA‐Based Solar Cells
Authors: Ensslen Philipp , Gärtner Stefan , Glaser Konstantin , Colsmann Alexander , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA fullerene was covalently attached to a (dA)20 template that serves as structural scaffold to self‐assemble an ordered and mixed array of ethynyl‐pyrene‐ and ethynyl‐Nile‐red‐nucleoside conjugates. Fluorescence spectroscopy revealed evidence for energy transfer between the two different chromophores. Moreover, fluorescence quenching is significantly enhanced by the attached fullerene in mixed assemblies of different chromophore ratios. This indicates exciton dissociation by electron transfer from the photo‐generated exciton on the chromophore stack to the fullerene. The fullerene–DNA‐conjugate was integrated as a photo‐active layer in solar cells that showed charge‐carrier generation in the spectral regime of all three components of the conjugate. This work clearly demonstrates that DNA is suitable as structural element for chromophore assemblies in future organic optoelectronic devices, such as solar cells.
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of 1,4‐Dioxanes and Other Oxa‐Heterocycles by Oxetane Desymmetrization
Authors: Yang Wen , Sun Jianwei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA new asymmetric synthesis of chiral 1,4‐dioxanes and other oxa‐heterocycles has been developed by means of organocatalytic enantioselective desymmetrization of oxetanes. This mild process proceeds with exceedingly high efficiency and enantioselectivity to establish the quaternary stereocenters. This method complements the existing, yet limited, strategies for the synthesis of these oxa‐heterocycles.
Whole‐Cell Biocatalysts for Stereoselective C−H Amination Reactions
Authors: Both Peter , Busch Hanna , Kelly Paul P. , Mutti Francesco G. , Turner Nicholas J. , Flitsch Sabine L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEnantiomerically pure chiral amines are ubiquitous chemical building blocks in bioactive pharmaceutical products and their synthesis from simple starting materials is of great interest. One of the most attractive strategies is the stereoselective installation of a chiral amine through C−H amination, which is a challenging chemical transformation. Herein we report the application of a multienzyme cascade, generated in a single bacterial whole‐cell system, which is able to catalyze stereoselective benzylic aminations with ee values of 97.5 %. The cascade uses four heterologously expressed recombinant enzymes with cofactors provided by the host cell and isopropyl amine added as the amine donor. The cascade presents the first example of the successful de novo design of a single whole‐cell biocatalyst for formal stereoselective C−H amination.
Joint flame‐retardant effect of triazine‐rich and triazine/phosphaphenanthrene compounds on epoxy resin thermoset
Authors: Qiu Yong , Qian Lijun , Xi Wang , Liu Xinxin 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTTo obtain a more efficient flame‐retardant system, the extra‐triazine‐rich compound melamine cyanurate (MCA) was coworked with tri(3‐9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide‐2‐hydroxypropan‐1‐yl)−1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4,6‐trione (TGIC–DOPO) in epoxy thermosets; these were composed of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) epoxy resin and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM). The flame‐retardant properties were investigated by limited oxygen index measurement, vertical burning testing, and cone calorimeter testing. In contrast to the DGEBA/DDM (EP for short) thermoset with a single TGIC–DOPO, a better flame retardancy was obtained with TGIC–DOPO/MCA/EP. The 3% TGIC–DOPO/2% MCA/EP thermoset showed a lower peak heat‐release rate value, a lower effective heat of combustion value, fewer total smoke products, and lower total yields of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in comparison with 3% TGIC–DOPO/EP. The results reveal that MCA and TGIC–DOPO worked jointly in flame‐retardant thermosets. The dilution effect of MCA, the quenching effect of TGIC–DOPO, and their joint action inhibited the combustion intensity and imposed a better flame‐retardant effect in the gas phase. The 3% TGIC–DOPO/2% MCA/EP thermoset also exhibited an increased residue yield, and more compositions with triazine rings were locked in the residues; this implied that MCA/TGIC–DOPO worked jointly in the condensed phase and promoted thermoset charring. The results reveal the better flame‐retardant effect of the MCA/TGIC–DOPO system in the condensed phase. Therefore, the joint incorporation of MCA and TGIC–DOPO into the EP thermosets increased the flame‐retardant effects in both the condensed and gas phases during combustion. This implied that the adjustment to the group ratio in the flame‐retardant group system endowed the EP thermoset with better flame retardancy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43241.
Preparation of magnetic poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres with a controllable particle size based on a composite emulsion and their release properties for curcumin loading
Authors: Hu Lili , Huang Ming , Wang Jiaoning , Zhong Yi , Luo Yan 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBecause of their unique magnetic features and good biocompatibility, magnetic poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA) microspheres have great application potential in magnetic targeted drug‐delivery systems. In this research, magnetic PLGA microspheres with controllable particle sizes were successfully prepared from a composite emulsion with a T‐shaped microchannel reactor. A water‐in‐oil‐in‐water composite emulsion was generated by the injection of a dichloromethane/gelatin water‐in‐oil initial emulsion into the microchannel together with a coating aqueous phase, that is, the aqueous solution of glucose and poly(vinyl alcohol). The mean particle size of the microspheres could be controlled by the manipulation of the osmotic pressure difference between the internal and external aqueous phases via changes in the glucose concentration. Curcumin, a drug with an inhibitory effect on tumor cells, was used to exemplify the release properties of the magnetic PLGA microspheres. We found that the mean particle size of the microspheres ranged from 16 to 207 μm with glucose concentrations from 0 to 20 wt %. The resulting microspheres showed a rapid magnetic response, good superparamagnetism, and a considerable magnetocaloric effect, with a maximum magnetic entropy of 0.061 J·kg−1·K−1 at 325 K. An encapsulation efficiency of up to 77.9% was achieved at a loading ratio of 3.2% curcumin. A release ratio of 72.4% curcumin from the magnetic PLGA microspheres was achieved within 120 h in a phosphate‐buffered solution. The magnetic PLGA microspheres showed potential to be used as drug carriers for magnetic targeted tumor therapy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43317.
Examination of Factors Potentially Influencing Osteon Size in the Human Rib
Authors: Dominguez Victoria M. , Agnew Amanda M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTPrevious research demonstrates that the size of secondary osteons varies considerably between individuals, though what factors act in the delineation of osteon size remain uncertain. This study explores the influence of age, sex, percent cortical area (%Ct.Ar), percent cortical porosity (%Po.Ar), and loading environment on osteon area (On.Ar) in human ribs. The sample consisted of midshaft 6th ribs from 80 individuals, 6–94 years of age. T‐tests demonstrated no significant differences in On.Ar between the sexes (P=0.383). Age showed a significant correlation with both %Ct.Ar and %Po.Ar, so a hierarchical regression model was used to control for the effects of age on the other variables. Results indicate that age is the most significant factor of those tested in this study (P=0.004), with %Ct.Ar playing a much smaller but still significant role (P=0.014), while %Po.Ar had no significant influence on On.Ar (P=0.443). Age demonstrates an inverse relationship with On.Ar, while %Ct.Ar has a direct relationship with On.Ar. Significant differences in On.Ar between the pleural and cutaneous cortices are attributed to variation in %Ct.Ar of each cortex. Therefore, age and %Ct.Ar account for the majority of osteon size variability in this study, although it is likely genetics play an important role as well. Understanding the biological mechanisms that act in remodeling and determine osteon size is essential for accurately addressing and interpreting histological findings, work that is invaluable in its implications for bone biology. Anat Rec, 299:313–324, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hybrid Model Predictive Power Management of a Battery‐Supercapacitor Electric Vehicle
Authors: Meyer Richard T. , DeCarlo Raymond A. , Pekarek Steve 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRecently, battery powered electric vehicles (EV), such as the Tesla Model S, have reached commercialization. Future EVs will likely pair the battery with a supercapacitor to extend battery life by minimizing the effects of high power and rapidly fluctuating loads. As such, this paper investigates optimal power management of an EV powertrain with both a battery pack and a supercapacitor as energy sources. The battery‐supercapacitor‐based powertrain has four distinct controllable modes, each with a unique set of dynamics and constraints. Unique power flow expressions for the supercapacitor, vehicle motion, and drive system induction motor are presented. The overall powertrain is represented as a switched interconnected dynamical system having both differential and algebraic constraints in each mode of operation. Constrained by this model, this paper sets forth a hybrid model predictive control strategy for minimizing velocity tracking error and frictional braking (to encourage regenerative braking) while encouraging fast recharge of the supercapacitor. The optimization is performed using a relaxed representation of the control problem (termed the embedding method), collocation for discretization, and traditional nonlinear programming to compute the mode and continuous control inputs. The methodology avoids the computational complexity associated with alternative approaches such as mixed‐integer programming. The developed optimization methodology is shown to be useful as a rapid iterative prototyping tool by varying vehicle mass and electric drive maximum power to find combinations that result in satisfactory tracking performance of a trapezoidal drive profile. Performance of the originally specified powertrain and a first design iteration are compared using simulations of the EPA highway and urban drive profiles and the new European drive cycle to verify the first design iteration gives improvement.
Expression of rabies virus glycoprotein in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris
Authors: Ben Azoun Safa , Ben Zakour Meriem , Sghaier Soufien , Kallel Héla 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRabies is a fatal disease that can be prevented by vaccination. Different approaches were investigated to develop novel human rabies vaccines with improved features compared to the current available vaccines, among them is the use of heterologous gene expression technology. Here, we describe the expression of the surface rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV‐G), which is the major antigen responsible for the induction of protective immunity, in Pichia pastoris. Six transformants were selected according to their gene copy number as determined by real time qPCR. Upon induction by methanol, low level of RABV‐G was secreted into the culture medium, around 60 ng/mL. To understand the effect of foreign gene dosage on cellular physiology of P. pastoris, transcriptional analysis of key genes involved in unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) pathway was performed. Results showed that these pathways were highly activated; misfolded RABV‐G was degraded in the cytosol via the ERAD mechanism. To study the functionality of the secreted RABV‐G, in vitro competitive neutralizing assay was conducted. Data showed the secreted recombinant RABV‐G had enabled a reduction of the neutralizing activity of human immune rabies serum, indicating that the secreted recombinant protein had reached its correct conformational form.
Pflege‐ und intensivmedizinische Bereiche im EnEV‐Bewertungsverfahren
Authors: Puff Simone , Seidel Uwe , Steffens Oliver 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDie Anwendbarkeit des derzeit gültigen Verfahrens zur energetischen Bewertung von Nichtwohngebäuden gemäß aktueller Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV 2014) in Verbindung mit DIN V 18599 als Planungs‐ und Bewertungstool auf Pflege‐ und intensiv‐medizinische Bereiche von Krankenhäusern wird an einem beispielhaften, mittelgroßen Krankenhaus untersucht. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Praktikabilität der Abbildung von thermischen Lasten und Raumzuständen durch die Normnutzungsprofile aus DIN V 18599 Teil 10 im Vergleich zu realen, vor Ort erfassten Nutzungsbedingungen. Weitere Betrachtungen in einer einfachen thermischen Simulation (TRNSYSlite) erlauben eine methodische Kritik in Bezug auf die Aussagekraft der nach Norm berechneten EnEV‐Ergebnisse. Es werden Empfehlungen für Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der energetischen Performance und der Behaglichkeit in Krankenhäusern im Bereich der Planung erarbeitet.Energetic Evaluation of care and critical care units of hospitals according to EnEV 2014. The applicability of the procedure for energetic evaluation of non‐residential buildings according to the German Energy Saving Ordinance (EnEV 2014) and DIN V 18599 as a planning tool for care and critical care units of hospitals is examined, using the example of an average, medium‐sized hospital. The focus is on the practicality of applying thermal loads and conditions from DIN V 18599 part 10 standard profiles compared to real constraints, recorded on site. The validity of the standard EnEV calculation is additionally tested in a thermal simulation model. Recommendations for measures to improve the energy performance and comfort of health care facilities during the planning process are worked out.