bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reading intervention with a growth mindset approach improves children’s skills
Authors: Andersen Simon Calmar , Nielsen Helena Skyt 
Published: October 2016

Significance
Many large-scale parent interventions turn out to be ineffective, particularly for socioeconomically disadvantaged families—possibly because some parents believe that their children’s reading skills are relatively fixed and unresponsive to practicing. This study shows large and consistent effects on both reading and writing skills of second-grade children whose parents received a few children’s books and information about the value of supporting children when learning to read. Effects are at least as large for children with immigrant background or low-educated mothers as for other children—and biggest for those children whose parents before the intervention believed reading abilities to be relatively fixed. The study thereby shows a direction for effective parent interventions.
Fast fMRI can detect oscillatory neural activity in humans
Authors: Lewis Laura D. , Setsompop Kawin , Rosen Bruce R. , Polimeni Jonathan R. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
A major challenge in neuroscience is our limited ability to image neural signals noninvasively in humans. Oscillations in brain activity are important for perception, attention, and awareness, and progress in cognitive neuroscience depends on localizing these patterns. fMRI is thought to be too slow to measure brain oscillations because it depends on slow changes in blood flow. Here, we use recently developed imaging techniques to show that fMRI can measure faster neural oscillations than previously thought, and responses are 10 times larger than expected. With computational modeling and simultaneous electroencephalography we show that vascular responses are surprisingly fast when brain activity fluctuates rapidly. These results suggest that fMRI can be used to track oscillating brain activity directly during human cognition.
Efficient CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis in primary immune cells using CrispRGold and a C57BL/6 Cas9 transgenic mouse line
Authors: Chu Van Trung , Graf Robin , Wirtz Tristan , Weber Timm , Favret Jeremy , Li Xun , Petsch Kerstin , Tran Ngoc Tung , Sieweke Michael H. , Berek Claudia , Kühn Ralf , Rajewsky Klaus 
Published: October 2016

Significance
Efficient clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9)-mediated mutagenesis is necessary for robust genetic screening in primary cells and requires sufficiently high levels of Cas9 and reliable single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). We provide a sgRNA design tool that selects high-fidelity sgRNAs and a Cas9 transgenic mouse line that expresses Cas9 at high levels in all cells analyzed. Using this system, we achieved an average knockout efficiency of 80% in primary B cells and established a robust CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic screening system that can be adapted to other primary cell types.
Anti-allergic effects of His-Ala-Gln tripeptide in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Tanaka Mamoru , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Yoshimoto Yoshinobu , Kozai Hana , Okamoto Takeaki 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We examined the inhibitory effects of HAQ (His-Ala-Gln) peptide on type-1 allergy in vitro and in vivo. HAQ peptide inhibited β-hexosaminidase release and intracellular Ca2+ levels of rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells. Oral administration of a HAQ peptide-added diet (1 mg/mouse/administration) to C3H/HeJ mice for 14 days led to significant suppression of allergic symptoms, but did not reduce allergen-specific IgE or IgG1.
SChloro: directing Viridiplantae proteins to six chloroplastic sub-compartments
Authors: Savojardo Castrense , Martelli Pier Luigi , Fariselli Piero , Casadio Rita 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Motivation
Chloroplasts are organelles found in plants and involved in several important cell processes. Similarly to other compartments in the cell, chloroplasts have an internal structure comprising several sub-compartments, where different proteins are targeted to perform their functions. Given the relation between protein function and localization, the availability of effective computational tools to predict protein sub-organelle localizations is crucial for large-scale functional studies.

Results
In this paper we present SChloro, a novel machine-learning approach to predict protein sub-chloroplastic localization, based on targeting signal detection and membrane protein information. The proposed approach performs multi-label predictions discriminating six chloroplastic sub-compartments that include inner membrane, outer membrane, stroma, thylakoid lumen, plastoglobule and thylakoid membrane. In comparative benchmarks, the proposed method outperforms current state-of-the-art methods in both single- and multi-compartment predictions, with an overall multi-label accuracy of 74%. The results demonstrate the relevance of the approach that is eligible as a good candidate for integration into more general large-scale annotation pipelines of protein subcellular localization.

Availability and Implementation
The method is available as web server at http://schloro.biocomp.unibo.it
Lessons learned from practical approaches to reconcile mismatches between biological population structure and stock units of marine fish
Authors: Kerr Lisa A. , Hintzen Niels T. , Cadrin Steven X. , Clausen Lotte Worsøe , Dickey-Collas Mark , Goethel Daniel R. , Hatfield Emma M.C. , Kritzer Jacob P. , Nash Richard D.M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRecent advances in the application of stock identification methods have revealed inconsistencies between the spatial structure of biological populations and the definition of stock units used in assessment and management. From a fisheries management perspective, stocks are typically assumed to be discrete units with homogeneous vital rates that can be exploited independently of each other. However, the unit stock assumption is often violated leading to spatial mismatches that can bias stock assessment and impede sustainable fisheries management. The primary ecological concern is the potential for overexploitation of unique spawning components, which can lead to loss of productivity and reduced biodiversity along with destabilization of local and regional stock dynamics. Furthermore, ignoring complex population structure and stock connectivity can lead to misperception of the magnitude of fish productivity, which can translate to suboptimal utilization of the resource. We describe approaches that are currently being applied to improve the assessment and management process for marine fish in situations where complex spatial structure has led to an observed mismatch between the scale of biological populations and spatially-defined stock units. The approaches include: (i) status quo management, (ii) “weakest link” management, (iii) spatial and temporal closures, (iv) stock composition analysis, and (v) alteration of stock boundaries. We highlight case studies in the North Atlantic that illustrate each approach and synthesize the lessons learned from these real-world applications. Alignment of biological and management units requires continual monitoring through the application of stock identification methods in conjunction with responsive management to preserve biocomplexity and the natural stability and resilience of fish species.
Thermodynamics of Giant Planet Formation: Shocking Hot Surfaces on Circumplanetary Disks
Authors: Szulágyi J. , Mordasini C. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The luminosity of young giant planets can inform about their formation and accretion history. The directly imaged planets detected so far are consistent with the “hot-start” scenario of high entropy and luminosity. If nebular gas passes through a shock front before being accreted into a protoplanet, the entropy can be substantially altered. To investigate this, we present high resolution, 3D radiative hydrodynamic simulations of accreting giant planets. The accreted gas is found to fall with supersonic speed in the gap from the circumstellar disk's upper layers onto the surface of the circumplanetary disk and polar region of the protoplanet. There it shocks, creating an extended hot supercritical shock surface. This shock front is optically thick, therefore, it can conceal the planet's intrinsic luminosity beneath. The gas in the vertical influx has high entropy which when passing through the shock front decreases significantly while the gas becomes part of the disk and protoplanet. This shows that circumplanetary disks play a key role in regulating a planet's thermodynamic state. Our simulations furthermore indicate that around the shock surface extended regions of atomic – sometimes ionized – hydrogen develop. Therefore circumplanetary disk shock surfaces could influence significantly the observational appearance of forming gas-giants.
Sleep Enhancement Training for Pregnant Women
Authors: Lee Kathryn A. , Gay Caryl L. , Alsten Christopher R. 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a home-based cognitive–behavioral training program for sleep during late pregnancy.

METHODS:
A nonrandomized quasiexperimental sample of nulliparous women who received the intervention during pregnancy (n=25) was compared with two control groups (n=76 and n=48) from other intervention studies at similar postintervention time points: approximately 1 month before childbirth and 1–2 months after childbirth. The home-based Sleep Enhancement Training System for Pregnancy consisted of 4 weeks of sound-enhanced audio relaxation programs, readings, and daily sleep diaries. Both control groups received dietary recommendations for improving sleep. Sleep duration (total sleep time) and sleep disruption (wake after sleep onset) were measured using wrist actigraphy for a minimum of 48 hours on consecutive weekdays.

RESULTS:
The intervention group had significantly longer sleep duration and less sleep disruption than both control groups, particularly at the postpartum assessment. Intervention participants slept an average of 430 (95% confidence interval [CI] 397–464) minutes during pregnancy compared with 420 (95% CI 403–438) and 417 (95% CI 395–439) minutes for the two control groups. At the postpartum assessment, the intervention group slept 446 (95% CI 415–478) minutes compared with 390 (95% CI 373–408) and 370 (95% CI 348–393) minutes for those in the control groups. In terms of sleep disruption, women in the intervention group had 16.1% (95% CI 11.9–20.2%) wake after sleep onset during pregnancy, whereas women in the control groups had 13.4% (95% CI 11.2–15.5%) and 20.4% (95% CI 17.7–23.0%). Postpartum, the intervention group had 20.3% (95% CI 16.4–24.1%) wake after sleep onset compared with 26.6% (95% CI 24.5–28.8%) and 28.7% (95% CI 26.0–31.5%) among women in the control groups. Participant feedback about the intervention was generally positive, although intervention adherence was variable.

CONCLUSION:
This study provides evidence of the feasibility and efficacy of the Sleep Enhancement Training System for Pregnancy intervention for enhancing sleep that typically worsens during late pregnancy and after childbirth.
Progestogens as Maintenance Treatment in Arrested Preterm Labor
Authors: Palacio Montse , Ronzoni Stefania , Sánchez-Ramos Luis , Murphy Kellie E. 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the efficacy of maintenance tocolysis with progestogens compared with placebo or no treatment in women with singleton pregnancies and arrested preterm labor.

DATA SOURCES:
Studies without language restrictions were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to June 2015. MeSH headings for progestogens were combined with terms regarding labor, tocolysis, or preterm birth. Reference lists of included studies and GoogleSearch were also reviewed.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
Randomized controlled trials that compared progestogens as a maintenance treatment after arrested preterm labor in singleton pregnancies with placebo or no treatment were identified. Selected studies evaluated delivery before 37 or 34 weeks of gestation or the latency period from randomization to delivery. Excluded studies used progestogens as prevention in asymptomatic women at risk. Risk of bias assessment, subgroup analysis on type of progestogens used, and sensitivity analysis by high-quality studies were performed.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
Sixteen randomized controlled trials consisting of 1,917 participants were included. Study characteristics and quality were recorded. Preterm delivery at less than 37 weeks of gestation was decreased (38.2% compared with 44.3%; relative risk 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.65–0.97) and pregnancy was prolonged (mean difference 8.1 days; 95% CI 3.8–12.4) when women treated with progestogens were compared with placebo or no treatment. There were no differences in the outcome of delivery at less than 34 weeks of gestation (15.6% compared with 18.3%; relative risk 0.77, 95% CI 0.53–1.12). However, sensitivity analysis including five high-quality studies showed no significant differences for preterm delivery at less than 37 weeks of gestation (37.2% compared with 36.9%; relative risk 0.91, 95% CI 0.67–1.25) or latency period (mean difference 0.6 days; 95% CI −3.7 to 4.9).

CONCLUSION:
There is insufficient high-quality data to inform clinicians and patients about the use of progestogens as maintenance treatment after arrested preterm labor to reduce the incidence of preterm birth or pregnancy prolongation.
Prenatally Diagnosed Vasa Previa
Authors: Catanzarite Val , Cousins Larry , Daneshmand Sean , Schwendemann Wade , Casele Holly , Adamczak Joanna , Tith Tevy , Patel Ami 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE:To describe outcomes for a large cohort of women with prenatally diagnosed vasa previa, determine the percentage in patients without risk factors, and compare delivery timing and indications for singletons and twins.METHODS:This was a retrospective case series of women with prenatally diagnosed vasa previa delivered at a single tertiary center over 12 years. Potential participants were identified using hospital records and perinatal databases. Patients were included if vasa previa was confirmed at delivery and by pathologic examination. Maternal and newborn data were gathered from medical records.RESULTS:There were 77 singleton and 19 twin pregnancies with a prenatal diagnosis of vasa previa. There was one neonatal death from congenital heart disease. Perinatal management of recommended elective hospitalizations with corticosteroid administration and elective early delivery resulted in average gestational age for delivery in singletons at 34.7±1.6 weeks and 32.8±2.2 weeks for twins. Among the 77 singletons, delivery was elective in 48, as a result of contractions or labor in 21, bleeding in four, nonreassuring tracing in two, asymptomatic cervical shortening in one, and preeclampsia in one. Among 19 twins, delivery was elective in six and for contractions or labor in 13. Sixty-eight percent of twins compared with 37% of singletons had nonelective delivery (P<.05). Delivery occurred by 32 weeks of gestation in 6.4% of singletons and 26% of twins (P<.05) and by 34 weeks of gestation in 11% of singletons and 58% of twins (P<.001). Six neonates (5.2%) had major anomalies, all prenatally detected. Respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 57.1% of singletons and 65.7% of twins. Nineteen singletons (24.7%) had no risk factors for vasa previa.CONCLUSION:Planned preterm delivery for women with prenatally diagnosed vasa previa resulted in elective delivery for singletons in 62% and for twins 32%. Gestational age at birth on average was 34.7 weeks for singletons and 32.8 weeks of gestation for twins. Major anomalies were frequent as was respiratory distress syndrome. Elective delivery between 34 and 35 weeks of gestation for singletons is reasonable. As a result of the high rate of nonelective delivery in twins, delivery at 32–34 weeks of gestation may be risk-beneficial. The high rate of singletons without risk factors for vasa previa reinforces the recommendation to screen routinely for cord insertion site.
Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes With Early Compared With Delayed Pushing Among Nulliparous Women
Authors: Yee Lynn M. , Sandoval Grecio , Bailit Jennifer , Reddy Uma M. , Wapner Ronald J. , Varner Michael W. , Caritis Steve N. , Prasad Mona , Tita Alan T. N. , Saade George , Sorokin Yoram , Rouse Dwight J. , Blackwell Sean C. , Tolosa Jorge E. ,   for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To describe factors associated with delayed pushing and evaluate the relationship between delayed pushing and perinatal outcomes in nulliparous women with singleton term gestations.

METHODS:
This was a secondary analysis of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Assessment of Perinatal Excellence cohort of 115,502 women and their neonates born in 25 U.S. hospitals from 2008 to 2011. Nulliparous women with singleton, cephalic, nonanomalous term births who achieved 10-cm cervical dilation were included. Women in whom pushing was delayed by 60 minutes or greater (delayed group) were compared with those who initiated pushing within 30 minutes (early group). Multivariable regression analyses were used to assess the independent association of delayed pushing with mode of delivery, length of the second stage, and other maternal and perinatal outcomes (significance defined as P<.05).

RESULTS:
Of 21,034 women in the primary analysis sample, pushing was delayed in 18.4% (n=3,870). Women who were older, privately insured, or non-Hispanic white as well as those who had induction or augmentation of labor, diabetes, or epidural analgesia were more likely to have delayed pushing. Delayed pushing was more common when the second stage began during daytime hours or in hospitals with dedicated 24-hour obstetric anesthesia, although differences were small. After adjusting for differences in baseline and labor characteristics including center, women in the delayed group had longer mean durations of the second stage (191 compared with 84 minutes, P<.001) and of active pushing (86 compared with 76 minutes, P<.001). Delayed pushing was associated with greater rates of cesarean delivery (11.2% compared with 5.1%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.86, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.63–2.12), operative vaginal delivery (adjusted OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.14–1.40), postpartum hemorrhage (adjusted OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.05–1.95), and blood transfusion (adjusted OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.04–2.17). Delayed pushing was not associated with increased odds of adverse neonatal outcomes compared with early pushing.

CONCLUSION:
In this large birth cohort, delayed pushing was associated with longer second stage duration, increased odds of cesarean delivery, and increased odds of postpartum hemorrhage, but was not associated with neonatal morbidity.
Simultaneous Administration Compared With a 24-Hour Mifepristone–Misoprostol Interval in Second-Trimester Abortion
Authors: Abbas Dina Fatima , Blum Jennifer , Ngoc Nguyen Thi Nhu , Nga Nguyen Thi Bach , Chi Huynh Thi Kim , Martin Roxanne , Winikoff Beverly 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To compare outcomes with simultaneous administration of mifepristone and misoprostol with a regimen in which the drugs are administered at a 24-hour interval for second-trimester abortion.

METHODS:
In this placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, participants were randomized to receive mifepristone either 24 hours before or at the same time as misoprostol. Participants were hospitalized to receive 400 micrograms buccal misoprostol at 3-hour intervals up to 48 hours or until uterine expulsion. The primary outcome was the proportion of women who experienced uterine expulsion within 24 hours after the first misoprostol dose and this required 504 women to examine our hypothesis that this rate would be 85% in the 24-hour interval arm compared with 70% in the simultaneous arm. Secondary outcomes included total abortion time from mifepristone and misoprostol.

RESULTS:
From February 2013 to April 2014, 509 women were enrolled. Women in the 24-hour interval arm were more likely to abort within 24 hours (94.4% compared with 85.0%, relative risk 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–1.18). At 48 hours, the rate was similar in the two arms (96.8% [24-hour interval] and 95.7% [simultaneous], relative risk 1.01, 95% CI 0.97–1.04). Median misoprostol dosing time was shorter in the 24-hour interval arm (7.7 compared with 13 hours; P<.001) and consistent with the median misoprostol doses required (three compared with five; P<.001). Median time from mifepristone to uterine expulsion was longer in the 24-hour interval arm (32.3 compared with 13 hours; P<.001). Both regimens had high acceptability rates and reported similar side effects and pain scores.

CONCLUSION:
Administering mifepristone and misoprostol simultaneously results in lower expulsion rates within 24 hours of taking misoprostol, longer median misoprostol treatment times, and requires more misoprostol doses. At 48 hours, both regimens work equally well. Simultaneous dosing results in less total time from the first clinical contact to complete abortion.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:
ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01768299.
Psychotherapy With Somatosensory Stimulation for Endometriosis-Associated Pain
Authors: Meissner Karin , Schweizer-Arau Annemarie , Limmer Anna , Preibisch Christine , Popovici Roxana M. , Lange Isabel , de Oriol Barbara , Beissner Florian 
Published: October 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate whether psychotherapy with somatosensory stimulation is effective for the treatment of pain and quality of life in patients with endometriosis-related pain.

METHODS:
Patients with a history of endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain were randomized to either psychotherapy with somatosensory stimulation (ie, different techniques of acupuncture point stimulation) or wait-list control for 3 months, after which all patients were treated. The primary outcome was brain connectivity assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Prespecified secondary outcomes included pain on 11-point numeric rating scales (maximal and average global pain, pelvic pain, dyschezia, and dyspareunia) and physical and mental quality of life. A sample size of 30 per group was planned to compare outcomes in the treatment group and the wait-list control group.

RESULTS:
From March 2010 through March 2012, 67 women (mean age 35.6 years) were randomly allocated to intervention (n=35) or wait-list control (n=32). In comparison with wait-list controls, treated patients showed improvements after 3 months in maximal global pain (mean group difference −2.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] −3.4 to −0.8; P=.002), average global pain (−2.5, 95% CI −3.5 to −1.4; P<.001), pelvic pain (−1.4, 95% CI −2.7 to −0.1; P=.036), dyschezia (−3.5, 95% CI −5.8 to −1.3; P=.003), physical quality of life (3.8, 95% CI 0.5–7.1, P=.026), and mental quality of life (5.9, 95% CI 0.6–11.3; P=.031); dyspareunia improved nonsignificantly (−1.8, 95% CI −4.4 to 0.7; P=.150). Improvements in the intervention group remained stable at 6 and 24 months, and control patients showed comparable symptom relief after delayed intervention.

CONCLUSION:
Psychotherapy with somatosensory stimulation reduced global pain, pelvic pain, and dyschezia and improved quality of life in patients with endometriosis. After 6 and 24 months, when all patients were treated, both groups showed stable improvements.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:

ClinicalTrials.gov, https://clinicaltrials.gov, NCT01321840.