bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crevicular Fluid Growth Factors Release Profile Following the Use of Platelet‐Rich Fibrin and Plasma Rich Growth Factors in Treating Periodontal Intrabony Defects: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Gamal Ahmed Y. , Abdel Ghaffar Khaled A. , Alghezwy Osama A. 
Published: February 2016

Background: The open, usually contaminated nature of periodontal defects could negatively affect availability and activity of platelet concentrate–suggested growth factors (GF). The aim of this study is to test this hypothesis and investigate concentrations of: 1) vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and 2) platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF‐BB) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from localized intrabony defects treated with platelets rich in growth factors (PRGF) or platelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) compared with a control xenograft defect filling.Methods: Thirty non‐smoking patients suffering severe chronic periodontitis were allocated to this randomized, prospective, single‐masked trial. Each patient had one interproximal defect randomly distributed to: 1) group 1: bone‐substitute grafting control (n = 10); 2) group 2: experimental PRGF (n = 10); or 3) group 3: PRF (n = 10). Clinical parameters were measured at baseline and 6 and 9 months following therapy. GCF samples were obtained on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 30 after therapy for evaluation of VEGF and PDGF‐BB levels.Results: On days 1, 3, and 7 following surgery, mean levels of VEGF and PDGF‐BB at sites treated with PRGF and PRF were not significantly different versus the control. Levels of PDGF‐BB and VEGF were higher in the PRGF‐treated group, but differences were not significant. Growth factor levels decreased significantly in samples collected on days 14, 21, and 30 with non‐significant differences among the three groups. No significant clinical differences were reported among the three groups during the two observation periods (early period: days 1, 3, and 7; and later period: days 14, 21, and 30).Conclusions: Within the limits of the present study, it can be concluded that PRF and PRGF platelet concentrate failed to augment clinical effects achieved with the xenograft alone in treating intrabony defects. Periodontal defects could not retain extraphysiologic levels of GF suggested to be associated with platelet concentrate.
Jihad: Memperebutkan Makna Perang Suci
Authors: Zada Khamami 
Published: February 2016

Jihad is nowadays often misunderstood and misused, especially by militant Moslems translating it as a fight against unbelievers in order to destroy them and/or to convert them to Islam. Such a view has reduced the real meaning of jihad. In the time of Muhammad, jihad was not necessarily acted as a fight against the “enemy” of God or the holy war as it is being widely understood today. It was applied as a hard effort to establish Islamic values in society.
This article is all about the reduction and misunderstanding of jihad among moslems and nonmoslems. It delivers a historical analysis of view shifting on jihad, from its,wider meaning to its specific one that is using forces and practicing violance. It also launches some cases of misuse of jihad in society from its precedent to modern era. This article suggests a way back to the meaning of jihad as it was.
Model Kurikulum Integratif Pesantren Mahasiswa dan UIN Maliki Malang
Authors: Zainiyati Husniyatus Salamah 
Published: February 2016

Some PTAINs develop a Ma’had in their campuss. This article is aimed at analyzing the integration of curiculum of UIN Maliki into those of its Ma’had which is called correlated curriculum model. Following this model, students of the Ma’had have to take several steps to complete their study. They have to obtain a certificate of completion of ta‘līm al-afkar al-Islāmī and ta‘lim al-Qur’ān which is required for enrolling in the Islamic studies program and taking comprehensive exam. The Ma’had applies Qur’anic-based learning system. This system maps the concept of science and the religious knowledge, integrates the concept of science and theose of the religious knowledge and elaborates the Qur’anic verses scientifically. The ma’had maintains the tradition of congregational pray, recitation and memorization of the Qur’an and promotes infaq and ṣadaqah. All these are to develop the Islamic culture among the academic community at UIN Malang.
A Comparative Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Clove and Rosemary Essential Oils on Multidrug Resistant Bacteria
Authors: Baydaa Hameed Abdullah  , Suhad Faisal Hatem  , Widad Jumaa  
Published: February 2016

The essential oils of Syzygium aromaticum (clove bud) and Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) were obtained by hydro-distillation. The antimicrobial activity of clove bud oil and rosemary oil was investigated by agar well diffusion method against four multidrug resistant strains namely Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus feacalis as well as two standard strains, Staphylococcus aureusATCC29213 and Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC27853. Both essential oils exhibited inhibitory effects towards all the test organisms, clove essential oil had antibacterial activity little higher than of rosemary oil, MICs ranged from 0.312% (v/v) to 1.25% (v/v) for all tested bacteria while MICs for rosemary oil ranged from 0.312% (v/v) to 5 % (v/v). Based on this finding, it may be suggested that these essential oils may be used as natural antibacterial agents to treat infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria.
Analytical Modeling of Emulsion Flow at the Edge of a Steam Chamber During a Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Process
Authors: Mojarad Mahdie , Dehghanpour Hassan 
Published: February 2016

Summary
Recently, different models were proposed to describe two- and three-phase flow at the edge of a steam chamber developed during a steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) process. However, 2D-scaled SAGD experiments and recent micromodel visualizations demonstrate that steam condensate is primarily in the form of microbubbles dispersed in the oil phase (water-in-oil emulsion). Therefore, the challenging question is: Can the multiphase Darcy equation be used to describe the transport of water as a discontinuous phase? Furthermore, the physical impact of water as a continuous phase or as microbubbles on oil flow can be different. Water microbubbles increase the apparent oil viscosity, whereas a continuous water phase decreases the oil relative permeability. Investigating the impact of these two phenomena on oil mobility at the steam-chamber edge and on overall oil-production rate during an SAGD process requires development of relevant mathematical models, which is the focus of this paper.
In this paper, we develop an analytical model for lateral expansion of the steam chamber that accounts for formation and transport of water-in-oil emulsion. It is assumed that emulsion is generated as a result of condensation of steam, which penetrates into the heated bitumen. The emulsion concentration decreases from a maximum value at the chamber interface to zero far from the interface. The oil viscosity is affected by both temperature gradient caused by heat conduction and microbubble concentration gradient resulting from emulsification. We conduct a sensitivity analysis with the measured data from scaled SAGD experiments. The sensitivity analysis shows that, by increasing the value of m (temperature viscosity parameter), the effect of emulsification on oil-flow rate decreases. It also shows that the effect of temperature on oil mobility is much stronger than that of emulsion. We also compare the model predictions with field production data from several SAGD operations. Butler's model overestimates oil-production rate caused by the single-phase assumption, whereas the proposed model presents more-accurate oil-flow rate, supporting the fact that one should include emulsification effect in the SAGD analysis.
Evaluation of Preretinal Neovascularization in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: de Carlo Talisa E. , Bonini Filho Marco A. , Baumal Caroline R. , Reichel Elias , Rogers Adam , Witkin Andre J. , Duker Jay S. , Waheed Nadia K. 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe a method for visualizing preretinal neovascularization in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and report the findings in the surrounding vasculature.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Patients with PDR diagnosed on clinical examination who received OCTA scans using the RTVue XR Avanti (Optovue, Fremont, CA) were evaluated. To visualize preretinal neovascularization, OCT angiograms were segmented to project vasculature above the internal limiting membrane (ILM). OCT angiograms were segmented between the ILM and Bruch's membrane to show adjacent retinal vasculature.

RESULTS:
Thirteen eyes were determined to have preretinal neovascularization in the posterior pole based on OCTA. One OCT angiogram was not of sufficient quality and thus was eliminated from further study. Eleven eyes (92%) had neovascularization adjacent to retinal capillary nonperfusion and six (50%) were adjacent to intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMAs).

CONCLUSION:
OCTA provided high-resolution, depth-resolved blood flow information, allowing for visualization of preretinal neovascularization, IRMA, and adjacent capillary nonperfusion.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:115–119.]
Intravitreal Diclofenac in the Treatment of Macular Edema Due to Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Seth Anisha , Ghosh Basudeb , Raina Usha K. , Gupta Anika , Arora Supriya 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the effect of a single dose of intravitreal diclofenac on macular edema (ME) due to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
In this prospective, interventional case series, 15 eyes with BRVO and ME with central macular thickness (CMT) greater than 250 µm on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were enrolled. All patients were given 0.05 mg/0.1 mL of intravitreal diclofenac under aseptic conditions and followed up for 3 months with respect to best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), fundus fluorescein angiography, and CMT measured on OCT.

RESULTS:

The mean visual acuity improved from 0.115 ± 0.03 preoperatively to 0.356 ± 0.29 at 3 months (
P
= .002). Mean line improvement was 2.2 ± 1.6. Mean preoperative CMT decreased from 453.2 µm ± 55.3 µm to 340.47 µm ± 101 µm at 3 months postoperatively (
P
= .001). The mean preoperative IOP was 16.4 mm Hg ± 1.59 mm Hg, whereas the mean postoperative IOP was 16.6 mm Hg ± 1.58 mm Hg (
P
= .08). None of the 12 phakic eyes showed evidence of cataract progression.

CONCLUSION:
Intravitreal diclofenac is safe and effective in improving BCVA and decreasing CMT in patients with BRVO and ME.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Imaging Lasers Retina
. 2016;47:149–155.]
A Biological Tissue Adhesive and Dissolvent System for Intraocular Tumor Plaque Brachytherapy
Authors: Zloto Ofira , Vishnevskia-Dai Vicktoria , Moisseiev Joseph , Belkin Michael , Fabian Ido Didi 
Published: February 2016

PURPOSE:
To examine a novel technique for simplified placement and removal of plaque brachytherapy by fibrin glue and urokinase (medac Gmbh, Hamburg, Germany).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
In six enucleated porcine eyes, plaques were placed on the episclera and fibrin glue was applied to cover it. Urokinase was used to dissolve the glue in three eyes and saline was used in three eyes. Adhesion strength was measured further on 15 plaques affixed to porcine eyes (glued in five with intact conjunctiva, glued in five with removed conjunctiva, and sutured in five).

RESULTS:

Saline had no effect on the glue-plaque-eye complex, whereas the urokinase (0.38 mL ± 0.08 mL) easily dissolved the adhesion between the glue layer and surrounding tissues. The weight required to detach the plaques was 0.349 kg ± 0.173 kg for glued eyes with intact conjunctiva, 0.405 kg ± 0.083 kg for sutured eyes (
P
= .59), and 0.032 kg ± 0.004 kg for glued eyes without intact conjunctiva (
P
≤ .015).

CONCLUSIONS:
The usage of the biological adhesive and dissolvent system was applicable for plaque surgery in an ex vivo animal model.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:163–170.]
Implantation of Modular Photovoltaic Subretinal Prosthesis
Authors: Lee Dae Yeong , Lorach Henri , Huie Phil , Palanker Daniel 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Establish the surgical procedure for subretinal implantation of multiple photovoltaic arrays for the restoration of sight.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Multiple silicon photovoltaic arrays of 1 mm in diameter and 30 µm in thickness were implanted subretinally via single retinotomy in rabbits. Ophthalmoscopic imaging and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were used to validate the implants' placement.

RESULTS:
Vitrectomy, followed by subretinal fluid injection for retinal detachment and retinotomy, allowed accurate placement of seven modules in the bleb, covering approximately a 3.5-mm diameter area on the retina via a single 1.5-mm retinotomy. OCT confirmed complete reattachment of the retina over the implants.

CONCLUSION:
Subretinal implantation of multiple photovoltaic arrays via a single retinotomy, followed by their tiling, minimizes the scleral and retinal incisions and provides better fit to the spherical shape of the eye ball, compared to a single, larger module. Such minimally traumatic procedure can be performed with 20-gauge intraocular instruments.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Imaging Lasers Retina
. 2016;47:171–174.]
Population Viability Analysis for Endangered Roanoke Logperch
Authors: Roberts James H. , Angermeier Paul L. , Anderson Gregory B. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A common strategy for recovering endangered species is ensuring that populations exceed the minimum viable population size (MVP), a demographic benchmark that theoretically ensures low long-term extinction risk. One method of establishing MVP is population viability analysis, a modeling technique that simulates population trajectories and forecasts extinction risk based on a series of biological, environmental, and management assumptions. Such models also help identify key uncertainties that have a large influence on extinction risk. We used stochastic count-based simulation models to explore extinction risk, MVP, and the possible benefits of alternative management strategies in populations of Roanoke logperch Percina rex, an endangered stream fish. Estimates of extinction risk were sensitive to the assumed population growth rate and model type, carrying capacity, and catastrophe regime (frequency and severity of anthropogenic fish kills), whereas demographic augmentation did little to reduce extinction risk. Under density-dependent growth, the estimated MVP for Roanoke logperch ranged from 200 to 4200 individuals, depending on the assumed severity of catastrophes. Thus, depending on the MVP threshold, anywhere from two to all five of the logperch populations we assessed were projected to be viable. Despite this uncertainty, these results help identify populations with the greatest relative extinction risk, as well as management strategies that might reduce this risk the most, such as increasing carrying capacity and reducing fish kills. Better estimates of population growth parameters and catastrophe regimes would facilitate the refinement of MVP and extinction-risk estimates, and they should be a high priority for future research on Roanoke logperch and other imperiled stream-fish species.
Effects of Electric Barrier on Passage and Physical Condition of Juvenile and Adult Rainbow Trout
Authors: Layhee Megan J. , Sepulveda Adam J. , Shaw Amy , Smuckall Matthew , Kapperman Kevin , Reyes Alejandro 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Electric barriers can inhibit passage and injure fish. Few data exist on electric barrier parameters that minimize these impacts and on how body size affects susceptibility, especially to nontarget fish species. The goal of this study was to determine electric barrier voltage and pulse-width settings that inhibit passage of larger bodied rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (215–410 mm fork length) while allowing passage of smaller bodied juvenile rainbow trout (52–126 mm) in a static laboratory setting. We exposed rainbow trout to 30-Hz pulsed-direct current voltage gradients (0.00–0.45 V cm−1) and pulse widths (0.0–0.7 ms) and recorded their movement, injury incidence, and mortality. No settings tested allowed all juveniles to pass while impeding all adult passage. Juvenile and adult rainbow trout avoided the barrier at higher pulse widths, and fewer rainbow trout passed the barrier at 0.7-ms pulse width compared to 0.1 ms and when the barrier was turned off. We found no effect of voltage gradient on fish passage. No mortality occurred, and we observed external bruising in 5 (7%) juvenile rainbow trout and 15 (21%) adult rainbow trout. This study may aid managers in selecting barrier settings that allow for increased juvenile passage.
Retention of Riveted Aluminum Leg Bands by Wild Turkeys
Authors: Diefenbach Duane R. , Vreeland Wendy C. , Casalena Mary Jo , Schiavone Michael V. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In order for mark–recapture models to provide unbiased estimates of population parameters, it is critical that uniquely identifying tags or marks are not lost. We double-banded male and female wild turkeys with aluminum rivet bands and estimated the probability that a bird would be recovered with both bands &lt;1–225 wk since banding (mean = 51.2 wk, SD = 44.0). We found that 100% of females (n = 37) were recovered with both bands. For males, we recovered 6 of 188 turkeys missing a rivet band for a retention probability of 0.984 (95% CI = 0.96–0.99). If male turkeys are double-banded with rivet bands the probability of recovering a turkey without any marks is &lt;0.001. We failed to detect a change in band retention over time or differences between adults and juveniles. Given the low cost and high retention rates of rivet aluminum bands, we believe they are an effective marking technique for wild turkeys and, for most studies, will minimize any concern about the assumption that marks are not lost.
Response of Native Species 10 Years After Rat Eradication on Anacapa Island, California
Authors: Newton Kelly M. , McKown Matthew , Wolf Coral , Gellerman Holly , Coonan Tim , Richards Daniel , Harvey A. Laurie , Holmes Nick , Howald Gregg , Faulkner Kate , Tershy Bernie R. , Croll Donald A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Measuring the response of native species to conservation actions is necessary to inform continued improvement of conservation practices. This is particularly true for eradications of invasive vertebrates from islands where up-front costs are high, actions may be controversial, and there is potential for negative impacts to native (“nontarget”) species. We summarize available data on the response of native species on Anacapa Island, California, 10 y after the eradication of invasive black rats Rattus rattus. Native marine taxa hypothesized to respond positively to rat eradication increased in abundance (Scripps's murrelet Synthliboramphus scrippsi; International Union for Conservation of Nature Vulnerable, and intertidal invertebrates). Two seabird species likely extirpated by rats—ashy storm-petrel Oceanodroma homochroa (International Union for Conservation of Nature Endangered) and Cassin's auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus—are now confirmed to breed on the island. Long-term negative effects from nontarget impacts are limited. Rufous-crowned sparrows Aimophila ruficeps obscura are still present, although likely in lower abundance. The endemic Anacapa deer mouse Peromyscus maniculatus anacapae population increased with no loss in heterozygosity, but with reduced genetic differentiation on East Anacapa and the loss of some alleles across the islets. Intertidal invertebrate cover increased while algal cover decreased. These findings clarify the pervasive effects of invasive rats on a wide variety of taxa, the short- and long-term impacts of eradication, and the ability of some island fauna to passively recover following a carefully planned rat-eradication project.
Difference Approximation of Stochastic Elastic Equation Driven by Infinite Dimensional Noise
Authors: Zhang Yinghan , Yang Xiaoyuan , Qi Ruisheng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn explicit difference scheme is described, analyzed and tested for numerically approximating stochastic elastic equation driven by infinite dimensional noise. The noise processes are approximated by piecewise constant random processes and the integral formula of the stochastic elastic equation is approximated by a truncated series. Error analysis of the numerical method yields estimate of convergence rate. The rate of convergence is demonstrated with numerical experiments.
What do correlations tell us about anthropogenic–biogenic interactions and SOA formation in the Sacramento plume during CARES?
Authors: Kleinman L. , Kuang C. , Sedlacek A. , Senum G. , Springston S. , Wang J. , Zhang Q. , Jayne J. , Fast J. , Hubbe J. , Shilling J. , Zaveri R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. During the Carbonaceous Aerosols and Radiative Effects Study (CARES) the US Department of Energy (DOE) G-1 aircraft was used to sample aerosol and gas phase compounds in the Sacramento, CA, plume and surrounding region. We present data from 66 plume transects obtained during 13 flights in which southwesterly winds transported the plume towards the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. Plume transport occurred partly over land with high isoprene emission rates. Our objective is to empirically determine whether organic aerosol (OA) can be attributed to anthropogenic or biogenic sources, and to determine whether there is a synergistic effect whereby OA concentrations are enhanced by the simultaneous presence of high concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) and either isoprene, MVK + MACR (sum of methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein), or methanol, which are taken as tracers of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions, respectively. Linear and bilinear correlations between OA, CO, and each of three biogenic tracers, “Bio”, for individual plume transects indicate that most of the variance in OA over short timescales and distance scales can be explained by CO. For each transect and species a plume perturbation, (i.e., ΔOA, defined as the difference between 90th and 10th percentiles) was defined and regressions done amongst Δ values in order to probe day-to-day and location-dependent variability. Species that predicted the largest fraction of the variance in ΔOA were ΔO3 and ΔCO. Background OA was highly correlated with background methanol and poorly correlated with other tracers. Because background OA was  ∼  60 % of peak OA in the urban plume, peak OA should be primarily biogenic and therefore non-fossil, even though the day-to-day and spatial variability of plume OA is best described by an anthropogenic tracer, CO. Transects were split into subsets according to the percentile rankings of ΔCO and ΔBio, similar to an approach used by Setyan et al. (2012) and Shilling et al. (2013) to determine if anthropogenic–biogenic (A–B) interactions enhance OA production. As found earlier, ΔOA in the data subset having high ΔCO and high ΔBio was several-fold greater than in other subsets. Part of this difference is consistent with a synergistic interaction between anthropogenic and biogenic precursors and part to an independent linear dependence of ΔOA on precursors. The highest values of ΔO3, along with high temperatures, clear skies, and poor ventilation, also occurred in the high ΔCO–high ΔBio data set. A complicated mix of A–B interactions can result. After taking into account linear effects as predicted from low concentration data, an A–B enhancement of OA by a factor of 1.2 to 1.5 is estimated.