bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CLOUD computing risk management for server‐farm repair rates, consumer load cycle, server‐farm repair crew count, and additional servers
Authors: Sahinoglu Mehmet 
Published: January 2018

A discrete event simulator, CLOURAM: CLOUD Risk Assessor and Manager, algorithmically estimates the risk indices in modern‐day CLOUD computing scenarios with tangible risk management targets that are favorable to the intractably tedious, theoretical Markov solutions or hand calculations overly limited in scope. The goal is to improve the operational quality of CLOUD by optimizing the number of servers for capacity addition and optimizing the final repair crew count. We too optimize the server unit repair rates, and the consumer load cycle by curbing the demand using Linear Programming (LP)‐based optimization with the proper objective functions and constraints. Small and large CLOUD systems are simulated with cost and benefit comparisons. The 2‐state (UP and DN) or 3‐State (UP, DN, and DER) units statistically fail and recover with Negative Exponential or Weibull densities. WIREs Comput Stat 2018, 10:e1424. doi: 10.1002/wics.1424This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Reliability, Survivability, and Quality Control
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Networks and Security
Statistical Models > Simulation Models
Algorithms and Computational Methods > Linear Programming
Balancing small against large burdens
Authors: VOORHOEVE ALEX 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCommon principles for resource allocation in health care can prioritise the alleviation of small health burdens over lifesaving treatment. I argue that there is some evidence that these principles are at odds with a sizable share of public opinion, which holds that saving a life should take priority over any number of cures for minor ailments. I propose two possible explanations for this opinion, one debunking and one vindicatory. I also outline how well-designed surveys and moral enquiry could help decide between them. Finally, I consider how priority-setting principles could be adjusted if the view that saving a life always trumps alleviating small burdens were vindicated.
Marine Reservoir Effect Values from Shell-Middens of San Matías Gulf, Northern Patagonia (Argentina): A 5000-yr Record
Authors: Favier Dubois Cristián M , Jull A J Timothy 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTTen marine reservoir effect (R) values were obtained from archaeological shell-middens along the San Matías Gulf, North Patagonian Atlantic coast, Argentina. They were determined by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) measurements on marine shell (Mytilidae) and charcoal samples (burned, short-lived plants) derived from a common stratigraphic unit. The R values fluctuate between 205±48 and 358±56 14C yr BP from ca. 5300 to ca. 700 14C yr BP with no obvious temporal trend. Calculated ΔR values fluctuate between +30±66 and –162±48 yr during the same time span. Local factors such as restricted connection with the open sea or presence of aged carbonates do not appear to have had an influence on this effect along the gulf coastline. The mean R value obtained (266 ± 51 yr) constitutes a useful value for correcting ages in shells from abundant archaeological deposits recorded in the area since Middle Holocene times.
Is dietary macronutrient composition during pregnancy associated with offspring birth weight? An observational study
Authors: Sharma Sukshma S. , Greenwood Darren C. , Simpson Nigel A. B. , Cade Janet E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere is lack of evidence on the differential impact of maternal macronutrient consumption: carbohydrates (CHO), fats and protein on birth weight. We investigated the association between maternal dietary macronutrient intakes and their sub-components such as saccharides and fatty acids and birth weight. This analyses included 1,196 women with singleton pregnancies who were part of the CAffeine and REproductive health study in Leeds, UK between 2003 and 2006. Women were interviewed in each trimester. Dietary information was collected twice using a 24-h dietary recall about 8–12 weeks and 13–27 weeks of gestation. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for alcohol and smoking in trimester 1, showed that each additional 10 g/d CHO consumption was associated with an increase of 4 g (95 % CI 1, 7;P=0·003) in birth weight. Conversely, an additional 10 g/d fat intake was associated with a lower birth weight of 8 g (95 % CI 0, 16;P=0·04) when we accounted for energy contributing macronutrients in each model, and maternal height, weight, parity, ethnicity, gestational age at delivery and sex of the baby. There was no evidence of an association between protein intake and birth weight. Maternal diet in trimester 2 suggested that higher intakes of glucose (10 g/d) and lactose (1 g/d) were both associated with higher birth weight of 52 g (95 % CI 4, 100;P=0·03) and 5 g (95 % CI 2, 7;P<0·001) respectively. These results show that dietary macronutrient composition during pregnancy is associated with birth weight outcomes. An appropriately balanced intake of dietary CHO and fat during pregnancy could support optimum birth weight.
THE CONSERVATIVE MOVEMENT AND DREAMS OF BRITAIN'S POST-WAR FUTURE
Authors: KOWOL KIT 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe British general election of 1945 and the return of the nation's first ever majority Labour government was a profound turning point in Britain's political history. The scale of Labour's victory, and the belief in its inevitability, has, however, obscured important developments in British Conservatism. Historians have subsequently characterized the Conservative party as either unwilling to develop their own distinct plans for the post-war future, or divided between those who were willing to embrace the policies of social democracy and those with a neo-liberal approach to political economy. This article challenges this depiction by examining the thoughts and actions of those within what it terms the wartime ‘Conservative movement’: the constellation of fringe and pressure groups that orbited around the Conservative party during the period. In examining this movement, it identifies three major traditions of Conservative political thinking, and three sets of activists and parliamentarians all committed to developing radical Conservative plans for post-war Britain. The article demonstrates how these different traditions built upon but also radicalized pre-existing currents of Conservative thought, how the language of social democracy was co-opted and reinterpreted by those within the Conservative movement, and how the war changed Conservative perception of the British people.
Sugarcane Workers in Search of Justice: Rural Labour through the Lens of the State
Authors: Dabat Christine Rufino , Rogers Thomas D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDrawing from case file records generated in rural labour courts in Brazil’s north-eastern state of Pernambuco between 1965 and 1982, this paper demonstrates how these forums reified class-based exploitation, even as they purportedly protected workers’ rights. The paper focuses on two districts in the state’s sugarcane-growing region, both of which reveal a clear pattern of inferior treatment for rural as opposed to non-rural workers. Interpreting the evidence as a function of long-term patterns of social and economic relations in the region, the paper also sets this case in a larger context of rural labour history around the world.
Prehospital Modified HEART Score Predictive of 30-Day Adverse Cardiac Events
Authors: Stopyra Jason P. , Harper William S. , Higgins Tyson J. , Prokesova Julia V. , Winslow James E. , Nelson Robert D. , Alson Roy L. , Davis Christopher A. , Russell Gregory B. , Miller Chadwick D. , Mahler Simon A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe History, Electrocardiogram (ECG), Age, Risk Factors, and Troponin (HEART) score is a decision aid designed to risk stratify emergency department (ED) patients with acute chest pain. It has been validated for ED use, but it has yet to be evaluated in a prehospital setting.HypothesisA prehospital modified HEART score can predict major adverse cardiac events (MACE) among undifferentiated chest pain patients transported to the ED.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of patients with chest pain transported by two county-based Emergency Medical Service (EMS) agencies to a tertiary care center was conducted. Adults without ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were included. Inter-facility transfers and those without a prehospital 12-lead ECG or an ED troponin measurement were excluded. Modified HEART scores were calculated by study investigators using a standardized data collection tool for each patient. All MACE (death, myocardial infarction [MI], or coronary revascularization) were determined by record review at 30 days. The sensitivity and negative predictive values (NPVs) for MACE at 30 days were calculated.ResultsOver the study period, 794 patients met inclusion criteria. A MACE at 30 days was present in 10.7% (85/794) of patients with 12 deaths (1.5%), 66 MIs (8.3%), and 12 coronary revascularizations without MI (1.5%). The modified HEART score identified 33.2% (264/794) of patients as low risk. Among low-risk patients, 1.9% (5/264) had MACE (two MIs and three revascularizations without MI). The sensitivity and NPV for 30-day MACE was 94.1% (95% CI, 86.8-98.1) and 98.1% (95% CI, 95.6-99.4), respectively.ConclusionsPrehospital modified HEART scores have a high NPV for MACE at 30 days. A study in which prehospital providers prospectively apply this decision aid is warranted.StopyraJP, HarperWS, HigginsTJ, ProkesovaJV, WinslowJE, NelsonRD, AlsonRL, DavisCA, RussellGB, MillerCD, MahlerSA. Prehospital modified HEART score predictive of 30-day adverse cardiac events. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(1):58–62.
Development of materials to support parents whose babies cry excessively: findings and health service implications
Authors: Long Jaqui , Powell Charlotte , Bamber Deborah , Garratt Rosemary , Brown Jayne , Dyson Sue , James-Roberts Ian St 
Published: January 2018

AimTo develop evidence-based materials which provide information and support for parents who are concerned about their baby’s excessive crying. As well as meeting these parents’ needs, the aim was to develop a package of materials suitable for use by the UK National Health Service (NHS).BackgroundParents report that around 20% of infants in Western countries cry excessively without an apparent reason during the first four months of age. Traditionally, research has focused on the crying and its causes. However, evidence is growing that how parents evaluate and respond to the crying needs to receive equal attention. This focus encompasses parental resources, vulnerabilities, well-being and mental health. At present, the UK NHS lacks a set of routine provisions to support parents who are concerned about their baby’s excessive crying. The rationales, methods and findings from a study developing materials for this purpose are reported.MethodFollowing a literature review, 20 parents whose babies previously cried excessively took part in focus groups or interviews. They provided reports on their experiences and the supports they would have liked when their baby was crying excessively. In addition, they identified their preferred delivery methods and devices for accessing information and rated four example support packages identified by the literature review.FindingsDuring the period their baby cried excessively, most parents visited a health service professional and most considered these direct contacts to have provided helpful information and support. Websites were similarly popular. Telephones and tablets were the preferred means of accessing online information. Groups to meet other parents were considered an important additional resource by all the parents. Three package elements – a Surviving Crying website, a printed version of the website and a programme of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy-based support sessions delivered to parents by a qualified practitioner, were developed for further evaluation.
The need of an ethics of planetary sustainability
Authors: Losch Andreas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe concept of sustainability is widely acknowledged as a political guideline. Economic, ecological, social and cultural aspects of sustainability are already under discussion. Current space mining efforts demand that the discussion become a broader one about ‘planetary sustainability’, including the space surrounding Earth. To date, planetary sustainability has mainly been used with reference to Earth only and I will extend it here, elaborating on a similar NASA initiative. This article (1) sketches the contemporary economic–political initiatives which call for a special reflection of Earth's location in space, and then (2) discusses the meaning of the concept of sustainability in this context. Next, (3) I relate the discussion to the issue of planetary and environmental protection, before, (4) finally, presenting a philosophical and theological perspective that seems particularly able to broach the issue of the multiple dimensions of sustainability in this context. This is the concept of constructive-critical realism. My overview of the topic concludes with (5) a summarizing outlook.
TGR5 signalling promotes mitochondrial fission and beige remodelling of white adipose tissue
Authors: Velazquez-Villegas Laura A. , Perino Alessia , Lemos Vera , Zietak Marika , Nomura Mitsunori , Pols Thijs Willem Hendrik , Schoonjans Kristina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRemodelling of energy storing white fat into energy expending beige fat could be a promising strategy to reduce adiposity. Here, we show that the bile acid-responsive membrane receptor TGR5 mediates beiging of the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) under multiple environmental cues including cold exposure and prolonged high-fat diet feeding. Moreover, administration of TGR5-selective bile acid mimetics to thermoneutral housed mice leads to the appearance of beige adipocyte markers and increases mitochondrial content in the scWAT of Tgr5
+/+
mice but not in their Tgr5
−/−
littermates. This phenotype is recapitulated in vitro in differentiated adipocytes, in which TGR5 activation increases free fatty acid availability through lipolysis, hence fuelling β-oxidation and thermogenic activity. TGR5 signalling also induces mitochondrial fission through the ERK/DRP1 pathway, further improving mitochondrial respiration. Taken together, these data identify TGR5 as a druggable target to promote beiging with potential applications in the management of metabolic disorders.
Breakdown of Kasha’s Rule in a Ubiquitous, Naturally Occurring, Wide Bandgap Aluminosilicate (Feldspar)
Authors: Prasad Amit Kumar , Jain Mayank 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExcitation-energy-dependent emission (EDE) is well known from photoluminescence (PL) studies of polar solvents and carbon-based nanostructures. In polar solvents, this effect known as the ‘red edge effect’ (REE) is understood to arise from solute-solvent interactions, whereas, in case of carbon-based nanostructures, the origin is highly debated. Understanding this effect has important bearings on the potential applications of these materials. EDE has never been reported from large crystalline materials, except very recently by our group. Here, we make detailed investigations to understand the universality and the mechanism behind the EDE in a wide band gap aluminosilicate (feldspar), which comprises more than half of the Earth’s crust, and is widely used in geophotonics (e.g., optical dating). We observe EDE up to 150 nm at room temperature in our samples, which is unprecedented in rigid macroscopic structures. Based on PL investigations at 295 K and 7 K, we present a novel model that is based on photoionisation of a deep lying defect and subsequent transport/relaxation of free electrons in the sub-conduction band tail states. Our model has important implications for potential photonic applications using feldspar, measurement of band tail width in wide bandgap materials, and understanding the EDE effect in other materials.
Assemble-And-Match: A Novel Hybrid Tool for Enhancing Education and Research in Rational Structure Based Drug Design
Authors: Tavousi Pouya , Amin Reza , Shahbazmohamadi Sina 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRational drug design is the process of finding new medication that can activate or inhibit the biofunction of a target molecule by binding to it and forming a molecular complex. Here, shape and charge complementarities between drug and target are key. To help find effective drug molecules out of a huge pool of possibilities, physical and computer aided tools have been developed. Former offers a tangible experience of the molecular interactions yet lacks measurement and evaluation capabilities. Latter enables accurate and fast evaluations, but does not deliver the interactive tangible experience of physical models. We introduce a novel hybrid model called “Assemble-And-Match” where, we enhance and combine the unique features of the two categories. Assemble-And-Match works based on fabrication of customized molecular fragments using our developed software and a 3D printer. Fragments are hinged to each other in different combinations and form flexible peptide chains, conformable to tertiary structures, to fit in the binding pocket of a (3D printed) target molecule. Through embedded measurement marks, the molecular model is reconstructed in silico and its properties are evaluated. We expect Assemble-And-Match tool can enable combination of visuospatial perception with in silico computational power to aid research and education in drug design.
Optimized chaotic Brillouin dynamic grating with filtered optical feedback
Authors: Zhang Jianzhong , Li Zhuping , Wu Yuan , Zhang Mingjiang , Liu Yi , Li Mengwen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChaotic Brillouin dynamic gratings (BDGs) have special advantages such as the creation of single, permanent and localized BDG. However, the periodic signals induced by conventional optical feedback (COF) in chaotic semiconductor lasers can lead to the generation of spurious BDGs, which will limit the application of chaotic BDGs. In this paper, filtered optical feedback (FOF) is proposed to eliminate spurious BDGs. By controlling the spectral width of the optical filter and its detuning from the laser frequency, semiconductor lasers with FOF operate in the suppression region of the time-delay signature, and chaotic outputs serving as pump waves are then utilized to generate the chaotic BDG in a polarization maintaining fiber. Through comparative analysis of the COF and FOF schemes, it has been demonstrated that spurious BDGs are effectively eliminated and that the reflection characterization of the chaotic BDG is improved. The influence of FOF on the reflection and gain spectra of the chaotic BDG is analyzed as well.
Extractable pool of biochar controls on crop productivity rather than greenhouse gas emission from a rice paddy under rice-wheat rotation
Authors: Korai Punhoon Khan , Xia Xin , Liu Xiaoyu , Bian Rongjun , Omondi Morris Oduor , Nahayo Alphonse , Pan Genxing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe role of extractable pool of biochar in crop productivity and soil greenhouse gas (GHGs) emission is not yet clear. In this study, two biochars with and without extraction was added to a paddy before rice transplantation at 20 t·ha−1. Crop yield, plant traits and greenhouse gas emission monitored throughout a rice-wheat rotation. Between the biochar treatments, changes in bulk density and microbial biomass carbon were insignificant. However, the increase in organic carbon was similar between maize and wheat biochars while higher under bulk wheat biochar than extracted one. The increase in available P and K was higher under wheat than maize biochar regardless of extraction. Moreover, the increase in plant traits and grain yield, in rice season only, was higher under bulk than extracted biochars. Yet, there was no difference in changes in GHGs emission between bulk and extracted biochars regardless of feedstock. Nevertheless, increased methane emission for rice season was lower under extracted biochars than bulk ones. Overall, crop productivity rather than GHGs emission was affected by treatment of extraction of biochars. Thus, use of unextracted biochar is recommended for improving soil crop productivity in the paddy soils.
The role of 14 MeV neutrons in light element nucleosynthesis
Authors: Valkovic V. , Sudac D. , Obhodas J. 
Published: January 2018

The 14 MeV neutron induced nuclear reactions which might contribute to better understanding of so-called “cosmological lithium problem” have been discussed. The BBN theory predicted 7Li overestimated value could be lowered by 2n induced reactions on Li-isotopes and/or 7Be destruction via resonance in d+7Be→9B process.
Proposals for 6Li+2n and 7Li+2n reactions cross section evaluations and measurements are discussed in some details.
We discuss also a preliminary measurements of n-n coincidences from the 10B(n,2n)9B reaction with two neutron detectors placed outside the cone of 14 MeV tagged neutron beam. From the time-of-flight measurements and known geometry we deduce the neutron energies and calculate the 9B missing mass spectrum.
Radiation induced currents in mineral-insulated cables and in pick-up coils: model calculations and experimental verification in the BR1 reactor
Authors: Vermeeren Ludo , Leysen Willem , Brichard Benoit 
Published: January 2018

Mineral-insulated (MI) cables and Low-Temperature Co-fired Ceramic (LTCC) magnetic pick-up coils are intended to be installed in various position in ITER. The severe ITER nuclear radiation field is expected to lead to induced currents that could perturb diagnostic measurements. In order to assess this problem and to find mitigation strategies models were developed for the calculation of neutron-and gamma-induced currents in MI cables and in LTCC coils.
The models are based on calculations with the MCNPX code, combined with a dedicated model for the drift of electrons stopped in the insulator. The gamma induced currents can be easily calculated with a single coupled photon-electron MCNPX calculation. The prompt neutron induced currents requires only a single coupled neutron-photon-electron MCNPX run. The various delayed neutron contributions require a careful analysis of all possibly relevant neutron-induced reaction paths and a combination of different types of MCNPX calculations.
The models were applied for a specific twin-core copper MI cable, for one quad-core copper cable and for silver conductor LTCC coils (one with silver ground plates in order to reduce the currents and one without such silver ground plates). Calculations were performed for irradiation conditions (neutron and gamma spectra and fluxes) in relevant positions in ITER and in the Y3 irradiation channel of the BR1 reactor at SCK•CEN, in which an irradiation test of these four test devices was carried out afterwards.
We will present the basic elements of the models and show the results of all relevant partial currents (gamma and neutron induced, prompt and various delayed currents) in BR1-Y3 conditions. Experimental data will be shown and analysed in terms of the respective contributions. The tests were performed at reactor powers of 350 kW and 1 MW, leading to thermal neutron fluxes of 1E11 n/cm2s and 3E11 n/cm2s, respectively. The corresponding total radiation induced currents are ranging from 1 to 7 nA only, putting a challenge on the acquisition system and on the data analysis.
The detailed experimental results will be compared with the corresponding values predicted by the model. The overall agreement between the experimental data and the model predictions is fairly good, with very consistent data for the main delayed current components, while the lower amplitude delayed currents and some of the prompt contributions show some minor discrepancies.