bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AVA-YOLO: image-based multiscale feature fusion enhanced perception model for snow avalanche detection
Authors: Liu Zhiming , Zhu Xing , Pang Lu , Fu Xiaodi , Zhu Hao , Liu Xiaojing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The global climate change has led to frequent occurrences of snow avalanche disasters. However, the significant variations in scale and shape during the avalanche process, and complex background imagery pose significant challenges to automated detection efforts. There is an urgent need to combine advanced deep learning technology to research automatic detection and recognition of avalanches in the field. In this paper, a novel deep learning model based on YOLOv8 improved multi-scale detection called AVA-YOLO is proposed to solve this problem. In AVA-YOLO, a key component, AKA (AKConv Combined Attention) module was designed and developed. This module combines the deformable convolutional properties of AKConv with the state-of-the-art self-attention module Exponential Moving Average, aiming to better perceive the feature map information of different shaped avalanches and to enhance the global relevance, thus improving the utilization of the information. Secondly, a new multi-scale sensing network structure was designed by increasing the number of detection heads to four and introducing the AKA module into the key positions of the network, while the association between model layers was newly designed to enhance the fusion of shallow and deep information to improve the detection accuracy. Experimental results demonstrated the effectiveness of AVA-YOLO, achieving 95.7% mAP50 and 75.6% mAP50:95 detection accuracies, as well as an F1 score of 0.92. Finally, a number of experiments were conducted to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model in comparison to other versions of YOLO, which will further exploit the potential of webcams as an underutilized technical capability in snow avalanche intelligence and portable monitoring.
Application of group decomposition and 1.5-dimensional spectra to acoustic composite fault diagnosis of rolling bearings
Authors: Yao Rong-Hua , Zhou Jun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Under the background of strong noise and mutual interference coupling of each fault, the acoustic compound fault diagnosis of rolling bearing is very challenging。 For the composite fault features which are difficult to be extracted due to strong noise interference and uneven distribution of fault intensity, put forward the optimization of swarm decomposition combined with 1.5-dimensional(1.5-d) spectrum method of acoustic composite rolling bearing fault feature separation. The method firstly uses the composite index to iteratively search for the optimal group decomposition threshold value, the adaptive group decomposition of composite fault acoustic signals is realized by optimal parameter group disassembly, and then selects the sensitive components for the decomposed components, and then further analyzes the envelope signal of the sensitive components to reduce the redundancy components and the noise interference, and selects the 1.5-d spectrum to further analyze the envelope signal, thus realizes the effective separation of the composite faults of the rolling bearings acoustic faults. Rolling bearing simulations and experimental acoustic signals verify the validity of the proposed method, and this work gives a new tool for composite fault diagnosis of revolving machinery.
Multiplicity and symmetry breaking for supercritical elliptic problems in exterior domains
Authors: Boscaggin Alberto , Colasuonno Francesca , Noris Benedetta , Weth Tobias 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We deal with the following semilinear equation in exterior domains

−
Δ
u
+
u
=
a

(
x
)

|

u

|

p
−
2

u
,

u
∈

H
0
1

(

A
R

)

,

where

A
R

:=
{
x
∈

R

N

:

|

x

|

>

R

}

,

N
⩾
3

, R > 0. Assuming that the weight a is positive and satisfies some symmetry and monotonicity properties, we exhibit a positive solution having the same features as a, for values of p > 2 in a suitable range that includes exponents greater than the standard Sobolev critical one. In the special case of radial weight a, our existence result ensures multiplicity of nonradial solutions. We also provide an existence result for supercritical p in nonradial exterior domains.
Linearised Fokker–Planck collision model for gyrokinetic simulations
Authors: von Boetticher A , Parra F I , Barnes M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We introduce a gyrokinetic, linearised Fokker–Planck collision model that satisfies conservation laws and is accurate at arbitrary collisionalities. The differential test-particle component of the operator is exact; the integral field-particle component is approximated using a spherical harmonic and a modified Laguerre polynomial expansion developed by Hirshman and Sigmar (1976 Phys. Fluids
19 1532). The numerical methods of the implementation in the δf-gyrokinetic code

stella

(Barnes et al 2019 J. Comput. Phys.
391 365–80) are discussed, and conservation properties of the operator are demonstrated. The collision model is then benchmarked against the collision model of the gyrokinetic solver GS2 in the limiting cases of a reduced test-particle collision operator and energy- and momentum-conserving operator. The accuracy of the full collision model is investigated by solving the parallel Spitzer-Härm problem for the transport coefficients. It is shown that retaining collisional energy flux and higher-order terms in the field-particle operator reduces errors in the transport coefficients from 10%–25% for a simple momentum- and energy-conserving model to under 1%.
Accuracy of kinetic equilibrium reconstruction of NSTX and NSTX-U plasmas and its impact on the transport and stability analysis
Authors: Avdeeva G , Thome K E , Berkery J W , Kaye S M , McClenaghan J , Meneghini O , Odstrcil T , Sabbagh S A , Smith S P , Turnbull A D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An accurate magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium reconstruction is an essential starting point for stability and transport plasma analysis. This work describes an approach for obtaining kinetic equilibrium reconstructions using the OMFIT framework, which has been applied for the first time to spherical tokamak data from NSTX and NSTX-U. The EFIT equilibrium solver is integrated with experimental data analysis procedures and subsequent TRANSP transport simulations to enhance the accuracy of the reconstruction, in particular, at the edge region, by adding constraints on the total pressure and current density profiles, based on the transport code solution. The accuracy of the equilibrium reconstruction depends on the uncertainty and number of constraints, as well as the choice of basis functions to represent the pressure and current density profiles. Improved fidelity of the equilibrium reconstruction is demonstrated by reducing the variability of the magnetic axis and boundary locations from several centimeters, for reconstructions based on magnetic and experimental pressure constraints, to only several millimeters, for kinetic reconstructions based on transport code constraints, when different representations of basis functions were tested. The variability of the safety factor on axis was reduced ten times in the same sensitivity study. The accuracy of the equilibrium reconstruction and subsequent mapping of the experimental kinetic profile data have a significant impact on the trapped gyro Landau fluid and linear CGYRO turbulence simulations, which predict different spectra of unstable modes and turbulent fluxes for cases with different numbers of constraints in the equilibrium reconstruction. Conversely, the stability analysis performed using the GATO code shows plasmas that are stable to n = 1 MHD modes in both equilibria using magnetic and experimental pressure constraints as well as the transport code constrained equilibrium. However, a scan of parameters away from these conditions shows considerable deviation in the threshold of unstable modes between these reconstructions. Therefore, for reliable plasma analysis and use in turbulence and stability calculations, a high-fidelity equilibrium reconstruction with accurate kinetic constraints based on transport code solutions is necessary.
Measurement-device-independent detection of beyond-quantum state
Authors: Yu Baichu , Hayashi Masahito 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In quantum theory, a quantum state on a composite system of two parties realizes a non-negative probability with any measurement element with a tensor product form. However, there also exist non-quantum states which satisfy the above condition. Such states are called beyond-quantum states, and cannot be detected by standard Bell tests. To distinguish a beyond-quantum state from quantum states, we propose a measurement-device-independent (MDI) test for beyond-quantum state detection, which is composed of quantum input states on respective parties and quantum measurements across the input system and the target system on respective parties. The performance of our protocol is independent of the forms of the tested states and the measurement operators, which provides an advantage in practical scenarios. We also discuss the importance of tomographic completeness of the input sets to the detection.
Transfer of nonclassical correlations between bosonic field and atomic ensemble through electromagnetically induced transparency
Authors: Liu Wanfang , Ding Chengyun , Yin Xunchang , Zhang Liwei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dark state polariton, as an important concept in the mechanism of electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT), can map the state of bosonic fields to atomic ensembles. To reflect the mapping ability of dark state polariton, we choose the odd and even bosonic coherent states as the probe field in EIT process, and employ spin squeezing, entanglement, and quantum correlation to characterize nonclassical correlations of atomic ensembles during the manipulation of the driving field. It is shown that the differences between the odd and even coherent states are comprehensively reflected in the three characterizations of nonclassical correlations generated through dark state polaritons. The even bosonic coherent states can perfectly transfer bosonic squeezing into atomic ensembles, resulting in spin squeezing. Although the odd bosonic coherent states cannot induce the spin squeezing, they have an advantage over the even bosonic coherent states in generating quantum entanglement and quantum correlations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that atomic ensembles can achieve significant spin squeezing with squeezing degree ∝ 1/N
2/3 through the one-axis twisting (OAT) model and two-axis twisting (TAT) model under the large N limit with the low excitation conditions, and the EIT mechanism was used to transfer the generated spin squeezing to the bosonic field, providing a feasible strategy for obtaining significant bosonic squeezing.
Zn-MOF as a saturable absorber for thulium/holmium-doped fiber laser
Authors: Ahmad H , Chiam J W , Samion M Z , Thambiratnam K , Mutlu S , Yılmaz S S , Arsu N , Ortaç B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Metal–organic framework (MOF) is a class of material that is highly porous and modular. Due to their unique properties, MOFs have found applications in gas storage, gas separation, sensing, and supercapacitors. [Zn2(H2L)2(1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethene)4]n, zinc (Zn)-based MOF was used in this work to achieve mode-locked operation in a thulium/holmium-doped fiber laser due to its excellent optical absorption at a wavelength of 1925 nm. The saturable absorber (SA) was fabricated by drop-casting a mixture of Zn-MOF and isopropanol on an arc-shaped fiber. The center wavelength of the mode-locked laser is 1906.75 nm, with a maximum average output power of 3.251 mW. The fundamental repetition rate and the pulse width were 12.89 MHz and 1.772 ps. At the same time, the pulse energy and peak power were 252 pJ and 142 W, respectively. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time an MOF has been used for mode-locked pulse generation in a thulium/holmium-doped all-fiber laser. This work extends the use of MOF material as a saturable absorber for mode-locking applications in near-infrared fiber lasers.
Regression modeling of Bödewadt slip flow dynamics involving Reiner-Rivlin nanofluid based on a modified Buongiorno approach
Authors: Ibrahim Tayyaba , Mustafa M , Khan Junaid Ahmad , Mushtaq Ammar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Regression models are useful in analyzing rotational flows as they enable accurate predictions of wall shear and heat transfer coefficient. In addition, Bödewadt flow is of paramount importance in fluid dynamics of rotating systems such as turbomachinery and geophysical flows. Moreover, nanofluid’s enhanced heat transfer properties can improve cooling efficiency in applications involving turbines and electronic systems. This study delves into the Bödewadt boundary layer flow of a Reiner-Rivlin fluid containing nanoparticles over a stationary porous disk under slip conditions. The two-phase Buongiorno model is employed, incorporating temperature-dependent diffusion coefficients for enhanced accuracy. To facilitate numerical simulations, the transport equations are converted into an ordinary differential system comprising four unknowns. In the present work, a highly reliable Keller-Box methodology is adopted which agrees very well with the MATLAB built-in program ‘bvp4c’. The computed 2-D and 3-D streamlines vividly capture the Bödewadt flow scenario with Reiner-Rivlin nanofluid. The principle aim to investigate the impact of non-Newtonian behaviour and slip on the flow pattern, while also examining the behavior of temperature/concentration field for nanoparticle working fluids. As thermophoretic diffusion increases, the thermal boundary layer thickens considerably, leading to a notable decrease in the cooling rate of the disk. In contrast, Brownian diffusion has only a minimal impact on the heat transport. In addition, wall suction effect is observed to significantly boost the disk’s cooling rate, though at the expanse of increasing skin friction coefficients. This study introduces linear and quadratic regression models designed to precisely predict both the surface drag and disk cooling rate, which are crucial factors in engineering processes.
Optical soliton solutions for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order dispersion arise in nonlinear optics
Authors: Ahmed Hakima Khudher , Ismael Hajar Farhan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Optical solitons and traveling wave solutions for the higher-order dispersive extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation are studied. Ultrashort pulse propagation in optical communication networks is described by this equation. To find exact solutions to the model, the unified Riccati equation expansion method and the Jacobi elliptic function expansion method are successfully applied. The optical solutions includes various solitary wave solutions, such as dark, bright, combined dark-bright, singular, combined periodic, periodic, Jacobian elliptic, and rational functions. Three-dimensional and two-dimensional graphs of solutions are presented. Also, the dynamical behavior of waves and the impact of time on solutions by selecting appropriate parameters are illustrated.
MXene-based semi-circle with a thin wire-shaped resonator wideband polarization-insensitive solar absorber
Authors: Aliqab Khaled , Agravat Raj , Patel Shobhit K , Ali Naim Ben , Alsharari Meshari , Armghan Ammar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fossil fuels’ supply peaks, decreases, and shortages are determined by their proven reserves, research, and consumption rates. With a large upfront cost, renewable and alternative energy sources are essential to solving the twin issues of energy and climate change. Solar absorbers are an excellent way to use renewable energy from the environment. This paper suggested an MXene-based semi-circle with a thin wire-shaped resonator (MSCWTWSR) solar absorber where the resonator layer consists of MXene material and Fe is used as substrate layer and the resonator has semi-circle and thin wire geometry which effectively absorbs the sun radiation with wideband. This proposed MSCWTWSR solar absorber works at 200–3000 (nm) wavelength and has more than 93% average absorption. The first band bandwidth of this MSCWTWSR solar absorber is 400 (nm), the second band is 530 (nm), and the third band is 470 (nm). This structure got more than 93% absorption in the AM 1.5 solar irradiation configuration. The structure gives in the Transverse electric (TE) field and Transverse magnetic (TM) field and the structure has polarization for insensitive. Furthermore, there is also investigated different incidence angles. A suggested article includes sections on testing for electric and magnetic intensities with a comparison table. The suggested solar absorber is employed in a distinct thermal heating application since MXene has a low thermal resistance and good thermal stability.
Revisiting bounds on primordial black hole as dark matter with X-ray background
Authors: Tan Xiu-Hui , Xia Jun-Qing 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Within the mass range of 1016 - 5 × 1018 g, primordial black holes (PBHs) persist as plausible candidates for dark matter. Our study involves a reassessment of the constraints on PBHs through a comparative analysis of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) and the emissions arising from their Hawking evaporation. We identify previously overlooked radiation processes across the relevant energy bands, potentially refining the bounds on PBHs. These processes encompass the direct emission from Hawking radiation, in-flight annihilation, the final state of radiation, and positronium annihilation. Thorough consideration is given to all these processes and their respective emission fractions, followed by a precise calculation of the 𝒟 factor for observations directed towards the high-latitude Galactic contribution. Furthermore, we integrate the flux originating from extragalactic sources, both of which contribute to the measured isotropic flux. Through a comparative analysis of data derived from previous CXB observations utilizing an Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) double power-law model, we establish the most stringent constraints for PBHs, thereby excluding the possibility of PBHs constituting the entire dark matter mass within the range of 2.5 × 1017 - 3 × 1017g.
Exploring dark forces with multimessenger studies of extreme mass ratio inspirals
Authors: Bhalla Badal , Sinha Kuver , Xu Tao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The exploration of dark sector interactions via gravitational waves (GWs) from binary inspirals has been a subject of recent interest. We study dark forces using extreme mass ratio inspirals (EMRIs), pointing out two issues of interest. Firstly, the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) of the EMRI, which sets the characteristic length scale of the system and hence the dark force range to which it exhibits enhanced sensitivity, probes force mediator masses that complement those studied with supermassive black hole (SMBH) or neutron star binaries. The LISA mission (the proposed μAres detector) will probe mediators with masses m
V ∼ 10-16 eV (m
V ∼ 10-18 eV), corresponding to ISCOs of 106
M
⊙ (108
M
⊙) central SMBHs. Secondly, while the sensitivity to dark couplings is typically limited by the uncertainty in the binary component masses, independent mass measurements of the central SMBH through reverberation mapping campaigns or the motion of dynamical tracers enable one to break this degeneracy. Our results therefore highlight the necessity for coordinated studies, loosely referred to as “multimessenger”, between future μHz- mHz GW observatories and ongoing and forthcoming SMBH mass measurement campaigns, including OzDES-RM, SDSS-RM, and SDSS-V Black Hole Mapper.
OxcarNet: sinc convolutional network with temporal and channel attention for prediction of oxcarbazepine monotherapy responses in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Runkai , Rong Rong , Xu Yun , Wang Haixian , Wang Xiaoyun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. Monotherapy with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is the preferred strategy for the initial treatment of epilepsy. However, an inadequate response to the initially prescribed AED is a significant indicator of a poor long-term prognosis, emphasizing the importance of precise prediction of treatment outcomes with the initial AED regimen in patients with epilepsy. Approach. We introduce OxcarNet, an end-to-end neural network framework developed to predict treatment outcomes in patients undergoing oxcarbazepine monotherapy. The proposed predictive model adopts a Sinc Module in its initial layers for adaptive identification of discriminative frequency bands. The derived feature maps are then processed through a Spatial Module, which characterizes the scalp distribution patterns of the electroencephalography (EEG) signals. Subsequently, these features are fed into an attention-enhanced Temporal Module to capture temporal dynamics and discrepancies. A channel module with an attention mechanism is employed to reveal inter-channel dependencies within the output of the Temporal Module, ultimately achieving response prediction. OxcarNet was rigorously evaluated using a proprietary dataset of retrospectively collected EEG data from newly diagnosed epilepsy patients at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. This dataset included patients who underwent long-term EEG monitoring in a clinical inpatient setting. Main results. OxcarNet demonstrated exceptional accuracy in predicting treatment outcomes for patients undergoing Oxcarbazepine monotherapy. In the ten-fold cross-validation, the model achieved an accuracy of 97.27%, and in the validation involving unseen patient data, it maintained an accuracy of 89.17%, outperforming six conventional machine learning methods and three generic neural decoding networks. These findings underscore the model’s effectiveness in accurately predicting the treatment responses in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy. The analysis of features extracted by the Sinc filters revealed a predominant concentration of predictive frequencies in the high-frequency range of the gamma band. Significance. The findings of our study offer substantial support and new insights into tailoring early AED selection, enhancing the prediction accuracy for the responses of AEDs.