bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rock‐Salt‐Templated Mn3O4 Nanoparticles Encapsulated in a Mesoporous 2D Carbon Matrix: A High Rate 2 V Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries with Extraordinary Cycling Stability
Authors: Pramanik Atin , Maiti Sandipan , Sreemany Monjoy , Mahanty Sourindra 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMetal oxide conversion electrodes suffer from low power density and cycling stability desired for high rate lithium‐ion battery (LIB). Herein, we present a method of integrating nanoscale discrete Mn3O4 particles (20 nm) into a two‐dimensional sheet‐like N‐incorporated mesoporous carbon by a simple synthetic protocol using NaCl crystallites as an exo‐template. The encapsulated structure of Mn3O4@C greatly supresses the mechanical stress induced by repeated volumetric expansion/contraction and at the same time, N‐incorporation in the carbon matrix facilitates charge transport. When tested as a 2.0 V LIB anode, Mn3O4@C showed an excellent rate performance (406 mAh g‐1 at 2.5 A g‐1 and 188 mAh g‐1 at 12.5 A g‐1) and outstanding cycling stability (capacity retention of 90% after 10000 cycles at 2.5 A g‐1). Such remarkable performance could be linked to fast charge transportation through the 2D carbon sheets and also, to the encapsulated structure avoiding direct contact with the electrolyte precluding growth of SEI layer upon cycling. Furthermore, a LiFePO4//Mn3O4@C full cell delivers specific capacities of 136 mAh g‐1 and 92 mAh g‐1 (with respect to the mass of cathode) at current densities of 0.25 and 0.5 mA g‐1. The cell shows excellent cycling stability with 76% retention of capacity after 350 cycles demonstrating the practical viability.
Antibacterial and Antibiofouling Polymeric Membranes through Immobilization of Pyridine Derivative Leading to ROS Generation and Loss in Bacterial Membrane Integrity
Authors: Samantaray Paresh Kumar , Madras Giridhar , Bose Suryasarathi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPorous, antibacterial and antibiofouling membranes were obtained from immiscible polymer blends using non‐solvent induced phase separation. Both antibacterial and antibiofouling was mediated by immobilizing quaternized pyridine derivative on the porous membranes. This was manifested by assessing the metabolic content leakage (K+ ions and nucleic acid) monitored at different time intervals when the membranes were in contact with E.coli (gram negative) and S.aureus (gram positive). Further, the hydrophilic nature of the pyridine derivative led to antibiofouling nature. The hierarchical porous ‘finger‐like’ morphology was confirmed by Scanning electron Microscopy. The trans‐membrane flux was measured using a cross‐flow flux setup. A quantitative study of the antibacterial activity was carried out using a standard plate count method. The modified membranes showed 3‐log and 2‐log reduction in E. coli and S. aureus respectively in 2 h and 7‐log fold reduction in both bacterial strains in 24 h. The oxidative stress generated by the pyridine derivative on both the bacterial strains was assessed by measuring the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). The ROS was significantly higher in case of modified membranes which supported the biocidal nature of the pyridine derivative. The antifouling study was carried out by using BSA (Bovine serum albumin) as a model biofoulant. The flux recovery ratio was significantly higher in case of modified membranes.
Adapting to hurricanes. A historical perspective on New Orleans from its foundation to Hurricane Katrina, 1718–2005
Authors: Rohland Eleonora 
Published: September 2017

Recent policy debates on climate change have started highlighting the importance of adaptation of societies to new conditions projected by climate scientists. Previously, mitigation had been almost the sole focus of policy‐makers for fear of creating a moral hazard when concentrating more strongly on adaptation. Yet, with many of the climatic changes the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projected occurring faster than scientists predicted, adaptation has re‐entered the debate as an imperative. In this context, in which adaptation—a process often unfolding on deep timescales—becomes prescriptive, it is crucial to look at the historical development of adaptive practices over the long term in order to appreciate the complexity of their evolution. This paper is a hybrid between a summary of a research project and a review of the most crucial literature on which it was based. The point of departure of this study was Hurricane Katrina, which, after it had flooded New Orleans on August 29, 2005, raised the question, how such a disaster could have happened in one of the most technologically advanced nations in the world. I then rewind to the foundation of the city in 1718 and work my way along case studies through three centuries of hurricane history in New Orleans. The red thread is the concept of adaptation. I review the definition of adaptation provided by the Fifth Assessment Report of theIPCCfrom a historian's point of view and suggest a slight change of perspective. Knowledge as a precondition for adaptation, contingency, path‐dependence, political vulnerability, and the interplay of cultural, legal, and political factors emerge as crucial characteristics in the historical evolution of adaptive practices throughout the almost 300‐year period of study.WIREs Clim Change2018, 9:e488. doi: 10.1002/wcc.488This article is categorized under:Climate, History, Society, Culture > World Historical Perspectives
Effects of surgically implanted transmitters on reproduction and survival in mallards
Authors: Sheppard Jennifer L. , Arnold Todd W. , Amundson Courtney L. , Klee David 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTAbdominally implanted radiotransmitters have been widely used in studies of waterbird ecology; however, the longer handling times and invasiveness of surgical implantation raise important concerns about animal welfare and potential effects on data quality. Although it is difficult to assess effects of handling and marking wild animals by comparing them with unmarked controls, insights can often be obtained by evaluating variation in handling or marking techniques. Here, we used data from 243 female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and mallard–grey duck hybrids (A. platyrhynchos × A. superciliosa) equipped with fully encapsulated abdominally implanted radiotransmitters from 2 study sites in New Zealand during 2014–2015 to assess potential marking effects. We evaluated survival, dispersal, and reproductive effort (e.g., breeding propensity, nest initiation date, clutch size) in response to 3 different attributes of handling duration and procedures: 1) processing time, including presurgery banding, measurements, and blood sampling of unanaesthetized birds; 2) surgery time from initiation to cessation of anesthetic; and 3) total holding time from first capture until release. We found no evidence that female survival, dispersal probability, or reproductive effort were negatively affected by holding, processing, or surgery time and concluded that we collected reliable data without compromising animal welfare. Our results support previous research that techniques using fully encapsulated abdominal‐implant radiotransmitters are suitable to enable researchers to obtain reliable estimates of reproductive performance and survival. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy via transvenous approach in a 2‐year‐old boy with a complete atrioventricular block after a tetralogy of Fallot repair
Authors: Aoki Hisaaki , Emi Misugi , Inamura Noboru , Iwai Shigemitsu , Kayatani Futoshi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCardiac resychronization therapy (CRT) was performed via transvenous approach in a 2‐year‐old boy with a tetralogy of Fallot and postoperative severe heart failure, and complete atrioventricular block treated with a dual‐chamber pacemaker. Epicardial leads were unavailable because of mediastinitis and the presence of severe bilateral pleural effusions requiring continuous drainage. There were no procedural complications. Biventricular pacing was significantly effective and both mediastinitis and pleural effusions recurred. The transvenous CRT was exchanged for an epicardial CRT after 4 months because of the possibility of a venous obstruction.
Global linear stability analysis of jets in cross-flow
Authors: Regan Marc A. , Mahesh Krishnan 
Published: September 2017

The stability of low-speed jets in cross-flow (JICF) is studied using tri-global linear stability analysis (GLSA). Simulations are performed at a Reynolds number of 2000, based on the jet exit diameter and the average velocity. A time stepper method is used in conjunction with the implicitly restarted Arnoldi iteration method. GLSA results are shown to capture the complex upstream shear-layer instabilities. The Strouhal numbers from GLSA match upstream shear-layer vertical velocity spectra and dynamic mode decomposition from simulation (Iyer & Mahesh, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 790, 2016, pp. 275–307) and experiment (Megerian et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 593, 2007, pp. 93–129). Additionally, the GLSA results are shown to be consistent with the transition from absolute to convective instability that the upstream shear layer of JICFs undergoes between $R=2$ to $R=4$ observed by Megerian et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 593, 2007, pp. 93–129), where $R=\overline{v}_{jet}/u_{\infty }$ is the jet to cross-flow velocity ratio. The upstream shear-layer instability is shown to dominate when $R=2$, whereas downstream shear-layer instabilities are shown to dominate when $R=4$.
New activity of yamamarin, an insect pentapeptide, on immune system of mealworm,Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Walkowiak-Nowicka K. , Nowicki G. , Kuczer M. , Rosiński G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn insects, two types of the immune responses, cellular and humoral, constitute a defensive barrier against various parasites and pathogens. In response to pathogens, insects produce a wide range of immune agents that act on pathogens directly, such as cecropins or lysozyme, or indirectly by the stimulation of hemocyte migration or by increasing phenoloxidase (PO) activity. Recently, many new immunologically active substances from insects, such as peptides and polypeptides, have been identified. Nevertheless, in the most cases, their physiological functions are not fully known. One such substance is yamamarin – a pentapeptide isolated from the silk mothAntheraea yamamai. This yamamarin possesses strong antiproliferative properties and is probably involved in diapause regulation. Here, we examined the immunotropic activity of yamamarin by testing its impact on selected functions of the immune system in heterologous bioassays with the beetleTenebrio molitor, commonly known as a stored grains pest. Our results indicate that the pentapeptide affects the activity of immune processes in the beetle. We show that yamamarin induces changes in both humoral and cellular responses. The yamamarin increases the activity of PO, as well as causes changes in the hemocyte cytoskeleton and stimulates phagocytic activity. We detected an increased number of apoptotic hemocytes, however after the yamamarin injection, no significant variations in the antibacterial activity in the hemolymph were observed. The obtained data suggest that yamamarin could be an important controller of the immune system inT. molitor.
HOCKETS BROKEN AND INTEGRATED IN EARLY MENSURAL THEORY AND AN EARLY MOTET
Authors: Curran Sean 
Published: September 2017

Though recent discoveries have improved our understanding of big, melismatic hockets from the late thirteenth century, there remains a pervasive uncertainty as to how hockets should be defined and identified on the small scale at which they characteristically manifest in thirteenth-century motets. In revisiting the mensural theorists up to Franco of Cologne, it was found that only Franco defines hockets as multi-voice phenomena: earlier texts define the hocket at the level of a single perfection, and as it reveals itself in the breaking of a single performing voice. Under a revised definition, 138 motet texts that use hockets have been identified in theArs antiquarepertory. It was also found that another way of hearing the hocket, compatible with the first, is implied by Lambertus and pursued at length by the St. Emmeram Anonymous. These writers acknowledge but depart from the consensus that the hocket is sonically fragmented, also hearing it as a promise of the coordination achievable when musical time is measured. For St. Emmeram especially, the hocket has a dual character: its sonic fragmentation is contrived through integrated planning. To hear hockets integratively is difficult, and requires an effort of will that for this theorist has moral stakes.The final sections of the article analyse the musicopoetic games of the motetDame de valour(71)/Dame vostre douz regart(72)/Manere(M5). Similarly to the St. Emmeram theorist, the piece self-consciously highlights the difficulty and worth of close listening (a theme inspired by its tenor’s scriptural source), and does so with a hocket that marks a complementarity of breaking and integration, of a formal sort, several decades before Lambertus and St. Emmeram would reflect on the hocket’s dual character theoretically. The motet poses artfully some of the same questions about the audibility of form that preoccupy modern scholarship. These voices from the thirteenth century might remind us that ethical debates about correct listening are much older than current disciplinary concerns. But recognising the longevity of the debates does not force us to agree with old positions.
Optimization of Three-Dimensional (3D) Chemical Imaging by Soft X-Ray Spectro-Tomography Using a Compressed Sensing Algorithm
Authors: Wu Juan , Lerotic Mirna , Collins Sean , Leary Rowan , Saghi Zineb , Midgley Paul , Berejnov Slava , Susac Darija , Stumper Juergen , Singh Gurvinder , Hitchcock Adam P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSoft X-ray spectro-tomography provides three-dimensional (3D) chemical mapping based on natural X-ray absorption properties. Since radiation damage is intrinsic to X-ray absorption, it is important to find ways to maximize signal within a given dose. For tomography, using the smallest number of tilt series images that gives a faithful reconstruction is one such method. Compressed sensing (CS) methods have relatively recently been applied to tomographic reconstruction algorithms, providing faithful 3D reconstructions with a much smaller number of projection images than when conventional reconstruction methods are used. Here, CS is applied in the context of scanning transmission X-ray microscopy tomography. Reconstructions by weighted back-projection, the simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique, and CS are compared. The effects of varying tilt angle increment and angular range for the tomographic reconstructions are examined. Optimization of the regularization parameter in the CS reconstruction is explored and discussed. The comparisons show that CS can provide improved reconstruction fidelity relative to weighted back-projection and simultaneous iterative reconstruction techniques, with increasingly pronounced advantages as the angular sampling is reduced. In particular, missing wedge artifacts are significantly reduced and there is enhanced recovery of sharp edges. Examples of using CS for low-dose scanning transmission X-ray microscopy spectroscopic tomography are presented.
The Suppression and Promotion of Magnetic Flux Emergence in Fully Convective Stars
Authors: Weber Maria A. , Browning Matthew K. , Boardman Suzannah , Clarke Joshua , Pugsley Samuel , Townsend Edward 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEvidence of surface magnetism is now observed on an increasing number of cool stars. The detailed manner by which dynamo-generated magnetic fields giving rise to starspots traverse the convection zone still remains unclear. Some insight into this flux emergence mechanism has been gained by assuming bundles of magnetic field can be represented by idealized thin flux tubes (TFTs). Weber & Browning (2016) have recently investigated how individual flux tubes might evolve in a 0.3M⊙ M dwarf by effectively embedding TFTs in time-dependent flows representative of a fully convective star. We expand upon this work by initiating flux tubes at various depths in the upper ~50-75% of the star in order to sample the differing convective flow pattern and differential rotation across this region. Specifically, we comment on the role of differential rotation and time-varying flows in both the suppression and promotion of the magnetic flux emergence process.
Using planetary transits to estimate magnetic cycles lengths in Kepler stars
Authors: Estrela Raissa , Valio Adriana 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObservations of various solar-type stars along decades showed that they could have magnetic cycles, just like our Sun. These observations yield a relation between the rotation period Prot and the cycle length Pcycle of these stars. Two distinct branches for the cycling stars were identified: active and inactive, classified according to stellar activity level and rotation rate. In this work, we determined the magnetic activity cycle for 6 active stars observed by the Kepler telescope. The method adopted here estimates the activity from the excess in the residuals of the transit light curves. This excess is obtained by subtracting a spotless model transit from the light curve, and then integrating over all the residuals during the transit. The presence of long term periodicity is estimated from the analysis of a Lomb-Scargle periodogram of the complete time series. Finally, we investigate the rotation-cycle period relation for the stars analysed here.
A Framework for Finding and Interpreting Stellar CMEs
Authors: Osten Rachel A. , Wolk Scott J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe astrophysical study of mass loss, both steady-state and transient, on the cool half of the HR diagram has implications both for the star itself and the conditions created around the star that can be hospitable or inimical to supporting life. Stellar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have not been conclusively detected, despite the ubiquity with which their radiative counterparts in an eruptive event (flares) have been. I will review some of the different observational methods which have been used and possibly could be used in the future in the stellar case, emphasizing some of the difficulties inherent in such attempts. I will provide a framework for interpreting potential transient stellar mass loss in light of the properties of flares known to occur on magnetically active stars. This uses a physically motivated way to connect the properties of flares and coronal mass ejections and provides a testable hypothesis for observing or constraining transient stellar mass loss. Finally I will describe recent results using observations at low radio frequencies to detect stellar coronal mass ejections, and give updates on prospects using future facilities to make headway in this important area.
Hunting for hot Jupiters around young stars
Authors: Yu Louise ,   the MaTYSSE collaboration
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis conference paper reports the recent discoveries of two hot Jupiters (hJs) around weak-line T Tauri stars (wTTS) V830 Tau and TAP 26, through the analysis of spectropolarimetric data gathered within the Magnetic Topologies of Young Stars and the Survival of massive close-in Exoplanets (MaTYSSE) observation programme. HJs are thought to form in the outskirts of protoplanetary discs, then migrate inwards close to their host stars as a result of either planet-disc type II migration or planet-planet scattering. Looking for hJs around young forming stars provides key information on the nature and time scale of such migration processes, as well as how their migration impacts the subsequent architecture of their planetary system. Young stars are however extremely active, to the point that their radial velocity (RV) jitter is around an order of magnitude larger than the potential signatures of close-in gas giants, making them difficult to detect with velocimetry. Three techniques to filter out this activity jitter are presented here, two using Zeeman Doppler Imaging (ZDI) and one using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR).
Dynamo action and magnetic activity during the pre-main sequence: Influence of rotation and structural changes
Authors: Emeriau-Viard Constance , Brun Allan Sacha 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDuring the PMS, structure and rotation rate of stars evolve significantly. We wish to assess the consequences of these drastic changes on stellar dynamo, internal magnetic field topology and activity level by mean of HPC simulations with the ASH code. To answer this question, we develop 3D MHD simulations that represent specific stages of stellar evolution along the PMS. We choose five different models characterized by the radius of their radiative zone following an evolutionary track, from 1 Myr to 50 Myr, computed by a 1D stellar evolution code. We introduce a seed magnetic field in the youngest model and then we spread it through all simulations. First of all, we study the consequences that the increase of rotation rate and the change of geometry of the convective zone have on the dynamo field that exists in the convective envelop. The magnetic energy increases, the topology of the magnetic field becomes more complex and the axisymmetric magnetic field becomes less predominant as the star ages. The computation of the fully convective MHD model shows that a strong dynamo develops with a ratio of magnetic to kinetic energy reaching equipartition and even super-equipartition states in the faster rotating cases. Magnetic fields resulting from our MHD simulations possess a mixed poloidal-toroidal topology with no obvious dominant component. We also study the relaxation of the vestige dynamo magnetic field within the radiative core and found that it satisfies stability criteria. Hence it does not experience a global reconfiguration and instead slowly relaxes by retaining its mixed poloidal-toroidal topology.
Infused-liquid-switchable porous nanofibrous membranes for multiphase liquid separation
Authors: Wang Yang , Di Jiancheng , Wang Li , Li Xu , Wang Ning , Wang Baixian , Tian Ye , Jiang Lei , Yu Jihong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMaterials with selective wettabilities are widely used for effective liquid separation in environmental protection and the chemical industry. Current liquid separation strategies are primarily based on covalent modification to control the membranes’ surface energy, or are based on gating mechanisms to accurately tune the gating threshold of the transport substance. Herein, we demonstrate a simple and universal polarity-based protocol to regulate the wetting behavior of superamphiphilic porous nanofibrous membranes by infusing a high polar component of surface energy liquid into the membranes, forming a relatively stable liquid-infusion-interface to repel the immiscible low polar component of surface energy liquid. Even immiscible liquids with a surface energy difference as small as 2 mJ m−2, or emulsions stabilized by emulsifiers can be effectively separated. Furthermore, the infused liquid can be substituted by another immiscible liquid with a higher polar component of surface energy, affording successive separation of multiphase liquids.