bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic reliability of a simplified epidemiologic tool to detect high-risk overjet for dental trauma.
Authors: Reisen Andressa , Parpaiola Alessandra Ramos , Oliveira Arlete Maria Gomes , Zanin Luciane , Flório Flávia Martão 
Published: December 2015

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic reliability of a simplified tool to detect high-risk overjet for dental trauma. Material and Methods: The study population was composed of 131 volunteers divided into two groups according to the overjet measurement in terms of risk for traumatic dental injury (GRAB: risk absent and GRPR: risk present). The distance between the most prominent labial surface and its corresponding counterpart was measured using both the conventional (WHO, 1997) and the simplified tool. The measurements were taken independently and on separate occasions by two previously calibrated dental surgeons (Kappa=0.86). The gold standard method, as recommended by the WHO (1997), was performed by an external examiner. The simplified method, based on pencil-marked wooden tongue depressors was carried out in a blind manner by the other examiner. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated for the classification of risk for dental trauma in terms of overjet using the simplified method and compared to the conventional method. Results: The results revealed high values for sensitivity (S=1), specificity (E=0.93), positive (PPV=0.95) and negative predictive value (NPV=1). Conclusion: The examination using the simplified tool was reliable in identifying high-risk overjet, thus offering an alternative to the conventional examination.
Sex-related differences in the association of ghrelin levels with obesity in adolescents
Authors: Soriano-Guillén Leandro , Ortega Lorena , Navarro Pilar , Riestra Pía , Gavela-Pérez Teresa , Garcés Carmen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe utility of ghrelin as a biomarker may be different depending on gender. The aim of this study was to assess ghrelin levels in a population-based sample of adolescents, and to evaluate their association with obesity and obesity-related parameters depending on sex.The studied population included 601 randomly selected 14-to 16-year-old children. Anthropometrical data were measured and body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio calculated. Body composition was assessed using an impedance body composition analyzer. Total serum ghrelin levels were determined using a multiplexed bead immunoassay. Serum leptin and adiponectin levels were determined by ELISA and insulin by RIA.Ghrelin levels were significantly higher in girls than in boys. Serum ghrelin concentrations were significantly lower (p<0.01) in obese than in normal weight (NW) girls, but showed no differences by weight category in boys. Ghrelin showed a significant negative relationship with waist circumference (WC), waist to hip ratio and fat mass (p<0.05) in both genders, and with weight and BMI (p<0.01) in girls, and insulin (p<0.01) and HOMA (p<0.05) in boys. Ghrelin also correlated negatively with leptin levels in girls (p<0.01).Our study describes serum ghrelin levels in adolescents, showing a sexual dimorphism in ghrelin levels in these 14-to 16-year-old children, and a different association of ghrelin levels with obesity by gender that suggests a different appetite and energy expenditure control depending on sex at this age.
Glucose is stable during prolonged storage in un-centrifuged Greiner tubes with liquid citrate buffer, but not in serum and NaF/KOx tubes
Authors: Juricic Gordana , Bakliza Ana , Saracevic Andrea , Kopcinovic Lara Milevoj , Dobrijevic Sanja , Drmic Sandra , Simundic Ana-Maria 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDelayed sample processing can affect accurate glucose measurement. Our aim was to investigate the stability of glucose in samples collected in serum, sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate (NaF/KOx) and Glucomedics tubes processed according to different controlled pre-centrifugation delays (up to 180 min after venipuncture) in order to simulate prolonged sample transport between venipuncture and centrifugation.Samples were collected from healthy volunteers (n=80) into either serum or NaF/KOx and Glucomedics tubes. Glucose concentration was measured in samples centrifuged immediately after venipuncture and compared with tubes processed with a delay of 60, 120 and 180 min prior to centrifugation. Differences between baseline and respective delayed centrifugation glucose value for each tube type were tested using the paired t-test. Mean bias calculated for each tube type and delay protocol was compared to recommended quality specifications for glucose (2.2%).Glucose concentrations measured in all three delayed tube types were lower in comparison to respective baseline glucose concentrations measured in immediately processed tube (p<0.001). The highest decrease in glucose was observed in serum tubes in all specified time points (p<0.001), while glucose was most stable in Glucomedics tubes (p<0.001). The decrease in glucose observed for serum and NaF/KOx tubes was clinically significant at all specified time points while the bias for Glucomedics tubes did not exceed the criteria even with a centrifugation delay of 180 min.Glucose stability in un-centrifuged Glucomedics tubes is much superior to serum and NaF/KOx tubes. Glucomedics tubes can be left un-centrifuged for up to 3 h without affecting glucose concentration.
Differences in Muscle Activity During Cable Resistance Training Are Influenced by Variations in Handle Types
Authors: Rendos Nicole K. , Heredia Vargas Héctor M. , Alipio Taislaine C. , Regis Rebeca C. , Romero Matthew A. , Signorile Joseph F. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Rendos, NK, Heredia Vargas, HM, Alipio, TC, Regis, RC, Romero, MA, and Signorile, JF. Differences in muscle activity during cable resistance training are influenced by variations in handle types. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 2001–2009, 2016—There has been a recent resurgence in the use of cable machines for resistance training allowing movements that more effectively simulate daily activities and sports-specific movements. By necessity, these devices require a machine/human interface through some type of handle. Considerable data from material handling, industrial engineering, and exercise training studies indicate that handle qualities, especially size and shape, can significantly influence force production and muscular activity, particularly of the forearm muscles, which affect the critical link in activities that require object manipulation. The purpose for this study was to examine the influence of three different handle conditions: standard handle (StandH), ball handle with the cable between the index and middle fingers (BallIM), and ball handle with the cable between the middle and ring fingers (BallMR), on activity levels (rmsEMG) of the triceps brachii lateral and long heads (TriHLat, TriHLong), brachioradialis (BR), flexor carpi radialis (FCR), extensor carpi ulnaris, and extensor digitorum (ED) during eight repetitions of standing triceps pushdown performed from 90° to 0° elbow flexion at 1.5 s per contractile stage. Handle order was randomized. No significant differences were seen for triceps or BR rmsEMG across handle conditions; however, relative patterns of activation did vary for the forearm muscles by handle condition, with more coordinated activation levels for the FCR and ED during the ball handle conditions. In addition, the rmsEMG for the ED was significantly higher during the BallIM than any other condition and during the BallMR than the StandH. These results indicate that the use of ball handles with the cable passing between different fingers can vary the utilization patterns of selected forearm muscles and may therefore be advantageous for coaches, personal trainers, therapists, or bodybuilders for targeted training or rehabilitation of these muscles.
Positional Match Running Performance in Elite Gaelic Football
Authors: Malone Shane , Solan Barry , Collins Kieran D. , Doran Dominic A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Malone, S, Solan, B, Collins, KD, and Doran, DA. Positional match running performance in elite Gaelic football. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2292–2298, 2016—There is currently limited information available on match running performance in Gaelic football. The objective of the current study was to report on the match running profile of elite male Gaelic football and assess positional running performance. In this observational study, 50 elite male Gaelic football players wore 4-Hz global positioning systems units (VX Sports) across 30 competitive games with a total of 215 full game data sets collected. Activity was classed according to total distance, high-speed distance (≥17 km·h−1), sprint distance (≥22 km·h−1), mean velocity (km·h−1), peak velocity (km·h−1), and number of accelerations. The average match distance was 8,160 ± 1,482 m, reflective of a relative distance of 116 ± 21 m·min−1, with 1,731 ± 659 m covered at high speed, which is reflective of a relative high-speed distance of 25 ± 9 m·min−1. The observed sprint distance was 445 ± 169 m distributed across 44 sprint actions. The peak velocity was 30.3 ± 1.8 km·h−1 with a mean velocity of 6.5 ± 1.2 km·h−1. Players completed 184 ± 40 accelerations, which represent 2.6 ± 0.5 accelerations per minute. There were significant differences between positional groups for both total running distance, high-speed running distance, and sprint distance, with midfielders covering more total and high-speed running distance, compared with other positions (p < 0.001). There was a reduction in high-speed and sprint distance between the first and second half (p < 0.001). Reductions in running performance were position dependent with the middle 3 positions experiencing the highest decrement in performance. The current study is the first to communicate a detailed description of match running performance during competitive elite Gaelic football match play.
Influence of Age, Maturity, and Body Size on the Spatiotemporal Determinants of Maximal Sprint Speed in Boys
Authors: Meyers Robert W. , Oliver Jon L. , Hughes Michael G. , Lloyd Rhodri S. , Cronin John B. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Meyers, RW, Oliver, JL, Hughes, MG, Lloyd, RS, and Cronin, JB. Influence of age, maturity, and body size on the spatiotemporal determinants of maximal sprint speed in boys. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 1009–1016, 2017—The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of age, maturity, and body size on the spatiotemporal determinants of maximal sprint speed in boys. Three-hundred and seventy-five boys (age: 13.0 ± 1.3 years) completed a 30-m sprint test, during which maximal speed, step length, step frequency, contact time, and flight time were recorded using an optical measurement system. Body mass, height, leg length, and a maturity offset represented somatic variables. Step frequency accounted for the highest proportion of variance in speed (∼58%) in the pre–peak height velocity (pre-PHV) group, whereas step length explained the majority of the variance in speed (∼54%) in the post-PHV group. In the pre-PHV group, mass was negatively related to speed, step length, step frequency, and contact time; however, measures of stature had a positive influence on speed and step length yet a negative influence on step frequency. Speed and step length were also negatively influence by mass in the post-PHV group, whereas leg length continued to positively influence step length. The results highlighted that pre-PHV boys may be deemed step frequency reliant, whereas those post-PHV boys may be marginally step length reliant. Furthermore, the negative influence of body mass, both pre-PHV and post-PHV, suggests that training to optimize sprint performance in youth should include methods such as plyometric and strength training, where a high neuromuscular focus and the development force production relative to body weight are key foci.
Validity of Urine Specific Gravity When Compared With Plasma Osmolality as a Measure of Hydration Status in Male and Female NCAA Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Sommerfield Lesley M. , McAnulty Steven R. , McBride Jeffrey M. , Zwetsloot Jennifer J. , Austin Melanie D. , Mehlhorn Jonathan D. , Calhoun Mason C. , Young Juliane O. , Haines Traci L. , Utter Alan C. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Sommerfield, LM, McAnulty, SR, McBride, JM, Zwetsloot, JJ, Austin, MD, Mehlhorn, JD, Calhoun, MC, Young, JO, Haines, TL, and Utter, AC. Validity of urine specific gravity when compared with plasma osmolality as a measure of hydration status in male and female NCAA collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2219–2225, 2016—The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of urine specific gravity (Usg) and urine osmolality (Uosm) when compared with plasma osmolality (Posm) from euhydration to 3% dehydration and then a 2-hour rehydration period in male and female collegiate athletes. Fifty-six National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) wrestlers (mean ± SEM); height 1.75 ± 0.01 m, age 19.3 ± 0.2 years, and body mass (BM) 78.1 ± 1.8 kg and 26 NCAA women's soccer athletes; height 1.64 ± 0.01 m, age 19.8 ± 0.3 years, and BM 62.2 ± 1.2 kg were evaluated. Hydration status was obtained by measuring changes in Posm, Uosm, Usg, and BM. Male and female subjects dehydrated to achieve an average BM loss of 2.9 ± 0.09% and 1.9 ± 0.03%, respectively. Using the medical diagnostic decision model, the sensitivity of Usg was high in both the hydrated and dehydrated state for males (92%) and females (80%). However, the specificity of Usg was low in both the hydrated and dehydrated states for males (10 and 6%, respectively) and females (29 and 40%, respectively). No significant correlations were found between Usg and Posm during either the hydrated or dehydrated state for males or females. Based on these results, the use of Usg as a field measure of hydration status in male and female collegiate athletes should be used with caution. Considering that athletes deal with hydration status on a regular basis, the reported low specificity of Usg suggests that athletes could be incorrectly classified leading to the unnecessary loss of competition.
Comparative Effects of Aerobic Training and Erythropoietin on Oxygen Uptake in Untrained Humans
Authors: Sieljacks Peter , Thams Line , Nellemann Birgitte , Larsen Mads Sørensen , Vissing Kristian , Christensen Britt 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Sieljacks, P, Thams, L, Nellemann, B, Larsen, MS, Vissing, K, and Christensen, B. Comparative effects of aerobic training and erythropoietin on oxygen uptake in untrained humans. J Strength Cond Res 30(8): 2307–2317, 2016—The present study examines responses to 10 weeks of aerobic training and/or erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA) treatment on maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o
2max). Thirty-six healthy, untrained men were randomly assigned to sedentary-placebo (n = 9), sedentary-ESA (SE) (n = 9), training-placebo (TP) (n = 10), or training-ESA (TE) (n = 8). The participants were treated subcutaneously once weekly with ESA (darbepoietin-α, week 1–3; 40 μg and week 4–10; 20 μg) or a placebo for 10 weeks. The training consisted of supervised cycling 3 times per week for 1 hour at an average of 65% of maximal watt, with a progressive overload during the intervention period. V̇o
2max, wattmax, and hematological values were measured throughout the study. In addition, the total training workload and estimated energy consumption were recorded after each training session. ESA treatment increased hemoglobin (∼11 and ∼14%, p < 0.001) and hematocrit (∼12 and ∼13%, p < 0.001) in the SE and TE groups, respectively. The relative (but not absolute) increases in V̇o
2max were more pronounced (p < 0.01) in TE (27 ± 6%), compared with SE (15 ± 4%) but not TP (19 ± 4%), indicating that training is superior to ESA in stimulating V̇o
2max in untrained men. The increased oxygen uptake in the TE group did not result in higher absolute training workloads than in the TP group. In untrained men, training exhibits a greater stimulus for improvements in V̇o
2max than ESA treatment, without pronounced additive effects, which is supported by similar average training workloads and energy consumption in TP and TE. Thus, in untrained men, training alone seems sufficient to induce improvement in V̇o
2max.
O VALOR LEGAL DE ARQUIVOS ELETRÔNICOS DE IMAGEM EM RADIOLOGIA ODONTOLÓGICA
Authors: Pinheiro Camila Véras , Aguiar Thaiane , Gurjão Jacqueline 
Published: December 2015

Introdução e objetivo: Este estudo buscou investigar produções científicas a respeito do valor legal de arquivos eletrônicos de imagem em radiologia odontológica. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura, a partir de busca em periódicos especializados utilizando as palavras-chave: odontologia legal, radiografia dentária digital e responsabilidade civil, no banco de dados da BIREME. Ao final da busca foram encontrados 23 artigos (18 nacionais e 05 internacionais) publicados no período entre 2000 e 2014. O conteúdo dos artigos foi analisado e discutido, segundo o objetivo desta revisão de literatura. Resultados e Discussão: Os resultados encontrados indicam que ao longo do período estudado, o uso de arquivos eletrônicos de imagem em radiologia odontológica funciona como aliado importante no diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico das diversas patologias do sistema estomatognático. Os arquivos digitais têm sua validade jurídica questionada já que são passíveis de manipulação, a certificação digital é o que garante a autenticidade e a integridade desses documentos juridicamente. Conclusões: Os arquivos eletrônicos de imagem promovem benefícios na área odontológica como melhores resultados terapêuticos, já que auxiliam num diagnótico mais preciso. Esses arquivos necessitam da certificação digital vinculadas a ICP-Brasil (Public Key Infrastructure) para assegurar o seu valor legal garantido-o como meio de prova processual. São necessários novos studos a respeito da validade jurídica dos arquivos eletrônicos de imagem voltados para a radiologia odontológica.
ESTUDO DA PREVALÊNCIA DE LESÕES EM MUCOSA ORAL DE PACIENTES PORTADORES DE NECESSIDADES ESPECIAIS
Authors: Medrado Alena Peixoto , Chaoui Silva Daniela A. R. , C. Wanderley Flávia Godinho 
Published: December 2015

A odontologia especial tem como diretriz a prevenção, o diagnóstico e o tratamento de lesões bucais que acometem o sistema estomatognático. Em particular, os pacientes portadores de necessidades especiais representam uma população que apresenta desafios a serem transpostos para o sucesso do atendimento odontológico. O objetivo deste estudo qualiquantitativo foi avaliar as lesões bucais mais frequentes em pacientes especiais usuários de dois serviços de saúde. Ao longo de um ano, foram analisados os prontuários de 60 pacientes e dados relativos à idade, sexo, queixa principal, presença ou não de alterações bucais foram registrados. Em seguida, foi realizado exame bucal para verificação de possíveis patologias presentes na mucosa oral desta população. A amostra foi constituída por um maior número de indivíduos do sexo masculino (53,3%) e por aqueles que se autodeclararam como negros (35%). A lesão mais frequente foi a Hiperplasia fibrosa inflamatória (40%), seguida por Hiperplasia gengival (26,6%) e Candidíase (11,6%). 18,3% dos indivíduos relataram xerostomia. Entre as drogas mais utilizadas pelos pacientes, destacaram-se os anti-hipertensivos (18,3%), anti-convulsivantes (8,3%) e anti-diabetogênicos (8,3%). Muitos destes pacientes e ou responsáveis queixaram-se da dificuldade de acesso ao atendimento odontológico. Sendo assim, faz-se necessário um maior grau de atenção dedicado a esta população a fim de que o tratamento odontológico torne-se mais acessível.
Understanding Scarlett Thomas’ Fiction: the Anti-Heroic Heroine
Authors: Sánchez Mélody 
Published: December 2015

In 2004 Scarlett Thomas published PopCo, the third volume of a trilogy devoted to contemporary pop culture and its effects. Through the experiences of her heroine, Alice Butler, we get to know the inner struggle of someone who inhabits a daily routine of an inconsistent occupation and lifestyle. This particular character, remarkable for her interest in unsolved riddles and strong dissatisfaction with the 21st century society, is but the accumulation of common features of Thomas’ previous figures, as well as the inspirational source for her later novels. Consolidated as an archetype, Thomas also proposes her female character as an alternative role model to the typical heroine. This paper aims to analyse the character of Alice Butler as heroine and anti-heroine in the context of her novel, together with the precursors and descendants, and the reasons why she serves as a role model.Keywords: Scarlett Thomas, PopCo, archetype, heroine, anti-heroine
LOS CONSORCIOS DE EXPORTACIÓN: REVISIÓN CONCEPTUAL Y FACTORES DETERMINANTES DE ÉXITO
Authors: Espejo León Álvaro , Fuentes García Fernando , Núñez Tabales Julia 
Published: December 2015

El asociacionismo lleva implícito multitud de fórmulas de cooperación entre empresas, dando lugar a diversos conceptos que en ocasiones pueden ser muy distintos entre sí y, en otras, se diferencian por escasos o pequeños matices. Dentro de este contexto y de las distintas opciones de asociación de empresas que existen -tanto en origen como en destino-, es oportuno abordar la fórmula de consorcio de exportación, realizando un análisis para aclarar el concepto y diferenciarlo de otras modalidades con cierta similitud. Se trata de una vía de acceso a mercados, apropiada para las pymes, que carece de estudios de investigación de casos reales y que necesita de los mismos, ya que hoy en día vuelve de nuevo a ponerse de relieve. El trabajo que aquí se presenta tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión de la literatura existente, tanto teórica como de estudio de casos, que sirva de recopilatorio para una posterior investigación empírica. En el trabajo se busca las siguientes aportaciones o resultados principales: ofrecer una concepción evolucionista del concepto de consorcio de exportación, recabar los principales factores determinantes que llevan a la empresa a salir al exterior bajo esta fórmula, analizar lo que hay publicado sobre la pervivencia en el tiempo de los consorcios de exportación, dar luz sobre los distintos tipo de consorcios de exportación que existen y realizar una recopilación de los principales factores determinantes del éxito o del fracaso de este modalidad asociativa. ABSTRACTAssociationism is composed by different ways of cooperation between companies. It can be reflected because of a variety of concepts which are not similar between them. Sometimes, those concepts are differentiated by slight nuances and sometimes, they do not. Paying attention to the concept and to the dissimilar ways of companies’ association is indispensable not to address to export consortium as a formula. The work presented here aims to make a review of the existing literature , both theoretical and case study that serves as a compilation for further empirical research. At work the following main findings contributions or wanted: provide an evolutionary interpretation of the concept of export consortium , gathering the main factors that lead the company to go abroad under this formula , analyze what is published on the survival in the time of export consortia , shed light on the different types of export consortia exist and a compilation of the major determinants of success or failure of this form of association.