bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of 5 Weeks of Bench Press Training on Muscle Synergies: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Kristiansen Mathias , Samani Afshin , Madeleine Pascal , Hansen Ernst A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Kristiansen, M, Samani, A, Madeleine, P, and Hansen, EA. Effects of 5 weeks of bench press training on muscle synergies: A randomized controlled study. J Strength Cond Res 30(7): 1948–1959, 2016—The ability to perform forceful muscle contractions has important implications in sports performance and in activities of daily living. However, there is a lack of knowledge on adaptations in intermuscular coordination after strength training. The purpose of this study was therefore to assess muscle synergies before and after 5 weeks of bench press training. Thirty untrained male subjects were randomly allocated to a training group (TRA) or a control group (CON). After the pretest, TRA completed 5 weeks of bench press training, before completing a posttest, whereas subjects in CON continued their normal life. During test sessions, surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from 13 different muscles. Muscle synergies were extracted from EMG data using nonnegative matrix factorization. To evaluate differences between pretest and posttest, we performed a cross-correlation analysis and a cross-validation analysis, in which the synergy components extracted in the pretest session were recomputed, using the fixed synergy components from the posttest session. Two muscle synergies accounted for >90% of the total variance and reflected the concentric and eccentric phase, respectively. TRA significantly increased 3 repetition maximum in bench press with 19.0% (25th; 75th percentile, 10.3%; 21.7%) (p < 0.001), whereas no change occurred in CON. No significant differences were observed in synergy components between groups. However, decreases in correlation values for intragroup comparisons in TRA may suggest that the synergy components changed, whereas this was not the case in CON. Strength and conditioning professionals may consider monitoring changes in muscle synergies in training and rehabilitation programs as a way to benchmark changes in intermuscular coordination.
The Effect of Compression Stockings on Physiological and Psychological Responses after 5-km Performance in Recreationally Active Females
Authors: Treseler Christine , Bixby Walter R. , Nepocatych Svetlana 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTreseler, C, Bixby, WR, and Nepocatych, S. The effect of compression stockings on physiological and psychological responses after 5-Km performance in recreationally active females.J Strength Cond Res30(7): 1985–1991, 2016—The purpose of the study was to examine the physiological and perceptual responses to wearing below-the-knee compression stockings (CS) after a 5-km running performance in recreationally active women. Nineteen women were recruited to participate in the study (20 ± 1 year, 61.4 ± 5.3 kg, 22.6 ± 3.9% body fat). Each participant completed two 5-km performance time trials with CS or regular socks in a counterbalanced order separated by 1 week. For each session, 5-km time, heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), pain pressure threshold, muscle soreness (MS), and rate of perceived recovery were measured. There was no significant difference in average 5-km times between CS and regular socks (p= 0.74) and HR response (p= 0.42). However, significantly higher RPE and lower gain scores (%) for lower extremity MS but not for calf were observed with CS when compared with regular socks (p= 0.05,p= 0.01, andp= 0.3, respectively). Based on the results of this study, there were no significant improvements in average 5-km running time, heart rate, or perceived calf MS. However, participants perceived less MS in lower extremities and working harder with CS compared with regular socks. Compression stockings may not cause significant physiological improvements; however, there might be psychological benefits positively affecting postexercise recovery.
X-chromosome gene dosage as a determinant of impaired pre and postnatal growth and adult height in Turner syndrome
Authors: Fiot Elodie , Zenaty Delphine , Boizeau Priscilla , Haigneré Jeremy , Dos Santos Sophie , Léger Juliane , _ _ 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveShort stature is a key aspect of the phenotype of patients with Turner syndrome (TS). SHOX haploinsufficiency is responsible for about two-thirds of the height deficit. The aim was to investigate the effect of X-chromosome gene dosage on anthropometric parameters at birth, spontaneous height, and adult height (AH) after growth hormone (GH) treatment.DesignWe conducted a national observational multicenter study.MethodsBirth parameter SDS for gestational age, height, and AH before and after GH treatment respectively, and height deficit with respect to target height (SDS) were classified by karyotype subgroup in a cohort of 1501 patients with TS: 45,X (36%), isoXq (19%), 45,X/46,XX (15%), XrX (7%), presence of Y (6%), or other karyotypes (17%).ResultsBirth weight, length (P<0.0001), and head circumference (P<0.001), height and height deficit with respect to target height (SDS) before GH treatment, at a median age of 8.8 (5.3–11.8) years and after adjustment for age and correction for multiple testing (P<0.0001), and AH deficit with respect to target height at a median age of 19.3 (18.0–21.8) years and with additional adjustment for dose and duration of GH treatment (P=0.006), were significantly associated with karyotype subgroup. Growth retardation tended to be more severe in patients with XrX, isoXq, and, to a lesser extent, 45,X karyotypes than in patients with 45,X/46,XX karyotypes or a Y chromosome.ConclusionThese data suggest that haploinsufficiency for an unknown Xp gene increases the risk of fetal and postnatal growth deficit and short AH with respect to target height after GH therapy.
Cambios en la estructura demográfica de Boyacá y su impacto socioeconómico (1985-2005)
Authors: Acero Luz Marcela Díaz , Rodríguez Gustavo Adolfo Junca 
Published: December 2015

<p align="justify">El presente trabajo pretende verificar que existió un proceso migratorio interno hu- mano, de los municipios periféricos de Boyacá hacia los del centro –Tunja, Duitama, Sogamoso, Chiquinquirá–, y del departamento hacia afuera (Bogotá). En consecuencia, el crecimiento de la población de Boyacá no está determinado por factores norma- les de crecimiento vegetativo o de reducción de la población. En particular, se plantea que dichas migraciones tienen como punto de llegada los municipios del eje central del departamento, pero estos no presentan gran crecimiento demográfico que evidencie la totalidad de la población que emigra del resto de pueblos, dirigiéndose al núcleo del país, específicamente a la ciudad de Bogotá, por ser el principal punto de desarrollo económico de Colombia.</p>
El trilema de la política monetaria en Colombia no se cumple
Authors: Valencia Gustavo Adolfo Díaz 
Published: December 2015

<p align="justify">El artículo hace una presentación de la política monetaria y cambiaria en Colombia durante la última década con énfasis en el posible cumplimiento del trilema monetario, el cual establece que la principal implicación de la política monetaria es determinar una tasa de cambio deseable para lograr los propósitos del comercio internacional; una tasa de interés apetecible para incentivar la actividad productiva, y una mayor movilidad de capitales compatible con el funcionamiento de la meta inflación objetivo. De otra parte, se verificará la imposibilidad del trilema considerando la paridad descubierta de las tasas de interés en un ambiente macroeconómico caracterizado por una tasa de cam- bio flexible, pero revaluada, una baja tasa de interés doméstica y una incertidumbre del mercado financiero internacional, lo cual se ha reflejado en un aumento de los saldos de la cuenta de capital y financiera, especialmente los pasivos, y en un mayor déficit de la cuenta corriente.</p>
Modelación basada en agentes en el sistema pensional colombiano. Una aproximación desde el mercado laboral y la dinámica poblacional
Authors: Cárdenas Nancy Quinceno 
Published: December 2015

Este artículo corresponde a un estudio del sistema pensional colombiano (SPC), reglamentado por la Ley 100 de 1993. Por medio de un Modelo Basado en Agentes (MBA), se analizan características propias de los agentes en el SPC con respecto a su articulación al mercado laboral y a la dinámica poblacional, quienes asumen uno de los roles en el sistema pensional en procura de lograr su pensión. Las probabilidades de los agentes de adoptar un régimen están condicionadas por las características del sistema pensional y por variables económicas, sociales y del sistema político; las variables pueden cambiar junto a la evolución del sistema pensional, debido a las acciones colectivas de los agentes y a las decisiones de política pública.
The New Actors of Macroprudential Supervision in Germany and Europe – A Critical Evaluation
Authors: Gurlit Elke , Schnabel Isabel 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
With the CRR/CRD IV package being in effect, the banking supervisors of the European Union possess an impressive set of macroprudential instruments to fight systemic risks in the financial system. However, in order to be effective and efficient, the instruments need an appropriate organizational and institutional setting. The text analyzes the complex multi-level network of actors of macroprudential supervision from a legal and economic perspective.
Regulating Investment Crowdfunding: Small Business Capital Formation and Investor Protection
Authors: Bradford C. Steven 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Investment crowdfunding is a promising solution to the difficulties that small businesses, especially startups, have raising capital. But the capital formation gains promised by crowdfunding come at a cost. Crowdfunding exposes investors, including small, unsophisticated investors who may not appreciate the potential problems, to serious risks of fraud, entrepreneurial self-dealing, illiquidity, and business failure.
Regulation may help protect investors, but there’s an unavoidable tradeoff between investor protection and the cost of raising capital through crowdfunding. Excessive regulation will kill crowdfunding by making it too expensive for the small offerings it is meant to facilitate. But excessive investor losses will also kill crowdfunding; if crowdfunding becomes a haven for fraud, the pool of potential investors will dry up.
Crowdfunding regulation has a number of possible focal points: the issuers of the securities being sold; the intermediaries through whom those securities are sold; the investors buying the securities. And various types of regulation are possible, including disclosure requirements, investor sophistication requirements, investment limits, due diligence requirements, and resale limitations. This article considers the regulatory choices the United States and Germany have made and discusses how crowdfunding should be regulated.
Die Kündigung des Kredits wegen Verschlechterung der Vermögensverhältnisse – Voraussetzungen, Erkenntnisdefizite und Risiken für den Darlehensgeber
Authors: Regenfus Thomas 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die in § 490 Abs. 1 BGB gesetzlich geregelte Kündigung wegen Verschlechterung der Vermögensverhältnisse ist für die Kreditwirtschaft von erheblicher Bedeutung. Leicht und unproblematisch ist der Umgang mit der Bestimmung jedoch nicht: Zahlreiche Tatbestandsmerkmale sind unbestimmt und setzen eine Prognose voraus. Auf die geforderte nachteilige Entwicklung der Vermögenssituation des Kreditnehmers und die daraus resultierende Gefährdung des Rückerstattungsanspruchs kann oftmals nur aufgrund von Indizien geschlossen werden. Bei einer Fehleinschätzung drohen existenzielle Schäden für den Kreditnehmer und entsprechende Haftungsrisiken für den Kreditgeber. Ein Beurteilungsspielraum kommt dem Kreditgeber dabei nicht zu; jedoch können sich die allgemeinen Grundsätze, die für Prognoseentscheidungen im Bereich des Zivilrechts gelten, günstig für ihn auswirken. Eine Obliegenheit, den Kreditnehmer vor einer bevorstehenden Kündigung zu warnen, lässt sich sowohl mittelbar aus den tatbestandlichen Voraussetzungen des § 490 Abs. 1 BGB als auch dem Erfordernis, die Prognose auf ausreichender sachlicher Grundlage zu treffen, ableiten.
Mindestanforderungen an die Sicherheit von Internetzahlungen (MaSI) – Rechtsfolgen für die Praxis
Authors: Zahrte Kai 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung
Am 5. 11. 2015 ist das BaFin-Rundschreiben zu Mindestanforderungen an die Sicherheit von Internetzahlungen in Kraft getreten; ein Anforderungskatalog, der sich an deutsche Zahlungsdienstleister richtet. Der folgende Beitrag stellt die Auswirkungen auf die gängigen Internetbezahlverfahren dar und setzt sich mit den Folgen für Nutzer, Anbieter und den hart umkämpften Wettbewerb auseinander.
Clinical Interventions to Promote Breastfeeding by Latinas: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Wouk Kathryn , Lara-Cinisomo Sandraluz , Stuebe Alison M. , Poole Charles , Petrick Jessica L. , McKenney Kathryn M. 
Published: December 2015

CONTEXT:
Breastfeeding duration and exclusivity among Latinas fall below recommended levels, indicating a need for targeted interventions. The effectiveness of clinical breastfeeding interventions for Latinas remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE:
To systematically review the documented effectiveness of clinical breastfeeding interventions on any and exclusive breastfeeding among Latinas.

DATA SOURCES:
English-language publications in Medline, CINAHL, and Embase were searched through May 28, 2015.

STUDY SELECTION:
Fourteen prospective, controlled studies describing 17 interventions met inclusion criteria.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Extracted study characteristics include study design, population characteristics, intervention components, timing and intensity of delivery, provider type, control procedures, and outcome measures.

RESULTS:
Random-effects meta-analyses estimated risk differences (RDs) between breastfeeding mothers in intervention and control arms of each study and 95% prediction intervals (PIs) within which 95% of intervals cover the true value estimated by a future study. Interventions increased any breastfeeding at 1 to 3 and 4 to 6 months (RD 0.04 [95% PI −0.15 to 0.23] and 0.08 [−0.08 to 0.25], respectively) and exclusive breastfeeding at 1 to 3 and 4 to 6 months (0.04 [−0.09 to 0.18] and 0.01 [−0.01 to 0.02]). Funnel plot asymmetry suggested publication bias for initiation and 1- to 3-month any breastfeeding. Estimates were slightly larger among interventions with prenatal and postpartum components, 3 to 6 patient contacts, and delivery by an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant or lay provider.

LIMITATIONS:
The published evidence for Latinas is limited, and studies have varying methodologic rigor.

CONCLUSIONS:
Breastfeeding interventions targeting Latinas increased any and exclusive breastfeeding compared with usual care.
CRP at early follicular phase of menstrual cycle can cause misinterpretation for cardiovascular risk assessment
Authors: Gursoy Asli Yarci , Caglar Gamze Sinem , Kiseli Mine , Pabuccu Emre , Candar Tuba , Demirtas Selda 
Published: December 2015

Objective
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a well-known marker of inflammation and infection in clinical practice. This study is designed to evaluate CRP levels in different phases of menstrual cycle, which might end up with misleading conclusions especially when used for cardiovascular risk assessment.

Methods
Twenty-seven women were eligible for the cross-sectional study. Venous blood samples from each participant were collected twice during the menstrual cycle. The first sampling was held at 2nd to 5th days of the menstrual cycle for FSH, estradiol, CRP, and sedimentation, and the second was done at 21st to 24th days of the menstrual cycle for measurement of progesterone, CRP, and sedimentation values.

Results
CRP values were significantly higher in the early follicular phase compared to luteal phase (1.8 mg/L [0.3–7.67] vs. 0.7 mg/L [0.1–8.3], p < 0.001, respectively). In both phases of the menstrual cycle, sedimentation rate was similar (12.1 ± 6.7 vs. 12.3 ± 7.7; p = 0.717, respectively).

Conclusions
CRP levels in early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle (menstruation) are significantly higher than CRP levels in luteal phase of the same cycle. In reproductive age women, detection of CRP for cardiovascular risk assessment during menstruation might not be appropriate.
Effect of yogurt and pH equivalent lemon juice on salivary flow rate in healthy volunteers — An experimental crossover study
Authors: Murugesh Jeevitha , Annigeri Rajeshwari G. , Raheel Syed Ahmed , Azzeghaiby Saleh , Alshehri Mohammad , Kujan Omar 
Published: December 2015

Background
Xerostomia is a common clinical problem, and different medications have been tried in its management. In the present study, routine dietary products are used to assess their effect on salivary flow.

Aim
To assess the efficacy of yogurt and lemon juice on increase in salivation and its comparison with that of unstimulated saliva.

Materials and Methods
A total of 40 volunteers (aged 19–48) were selected. The pH of yogurt was calculated, and equivalent pH lemon juice was prepared. First, normal resting saliva was collected as baseline followed by every 1 min for 5 min. Patients were given lemon juice or yogurt and then crossed over to the other group to assess the impact of the stimulants on salivary flow from 1 to 5 min.

Results
The results were analyzed statistically. Comparisons between baseline saliva secretion and that by yogurt and lemon juice (using the ANOVA test) showed that there was a significant increase after treatment at the end of the experiment for both yogurt and lemon juice. However, yogurt showed a significant increase in saliva secretion compared to baseline than lemon juice.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that yogurt is a potential candidate for the treatment of dry mouth.
Biochemistry on the game board: improvements in the teaching-learning process in basic education
Authors: Silva F. A. , Rebeca R. 
Published: December 2015

According to the Curriculum Guidelines of Biology of Basic Education "school should encourage the pedagogical practice based on different methodologies, valuing the teaching concepts, the learning (internalization) and the evaluation that allow teachers and students being aware of the need for emancipatory transformation”. The teaching of biochemistry and its contents in basic education are not discussed as a structuring content within the Biology subject, but are included in related content such as cellular biology. The objective of this study was to inventory the contents and methodologies related to biochemistry taught by teachers of basic education and produce teaching-learning materials as contribution to these contents from the inventory results. The methodology was developed from the analysis of the questionnaires applied to biology teachers from public schools of Guarapuava-Pr. The results showed that the teaching of biochemistry and biology discipline, although it comes from the same area, are designed as two unattached areas, meaning there is no perception by teachers in relation to the implicit conceptual intercept in teaching Biology and Biochemistry. To this end, the profile of the game Grow was adapted using themes related to Biochemistry. The game consists of 45 cards and a game board with a track. The player who gives more write answers to the questions reaches the end and wins the match. For game evaluation participants answered a questionnaire at the end of the activity. Most of the participants argued that the process has contributed to ensure the assimilation of the contents, since it is a leisure activity with effective participation of students. Thus, the obtained data confirmed the assumption of Pedroso (2009), which states that the games allow a significant teacher-student interaction, disseminating scientific knowledge from the views and experiences of the student.
Keynote Lecture: The Problems and Challenges in Biomedical Sciences
Authors: Albert Bruce 
Published: December 2015

Distressed by the perverse incentives that have generated the current hyper-competitive biomedical research environment in the United States, four of us published an open-access article in April 2014 entitled: Rescuing US biomedical research from its systemic flaws (Alberts, B., Kirschner, Marc W., Tilghman, Shirley, and Varmus, H.; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 5773-5777 (2014)). As announced in our follow-up piece, Opinion: Addressing systemic problems in the biomedical research enterprise (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112, 1912-1913 (2015)), we have formed a 16-member steering committee to oversee a new website that is designed to collect suggestions for actions that can ameliorate the identified problems, as well as to highlight promising changes that are either underway or proposed (see http://rescuingbiomedicalresearch.org). Despite widespread agreement concerning the problems, any substantial change in the system is bound to be controversial. Experiments are therefore needed. In my talk, I will outline some possible ideas for overcoming the inertia that prevents moving forward.We are encouraging both national and international contributions to this effort, since the problems that we have described are by no means unique to the United States.
De valkuilen van de historische sensatie Een pleidooi voor nuchter ‘getrennt marschieren’ inzake archeologisch-historische contradicties
Authors: Van Oosten R.M.R. 
Published: December 2015

The Danger of Historical Sensation: A Plea for a Sober ‘getrennt marschieren’ regarding Archaeological-Historical ContradictionsThree issues will be discussed in this article – the castle of Amsterdam (1994-1995), the mikveh of Venlo and the King’s tomb of Middelburg – where initially a tangible archaeological find seems to support a spectacular historical theory. On closer inspection, the combination of archaeological and historical sources has not rendered conclusive interdisciplinary evidence, but only generated castles in the air, fairy tales or at least a version of the past that fails to do justice to both disciplines. These issues are reason to highlight four methodological rules of thumb concerning historical-archaeological research. In order to prevent collective disillusionment, the most self-evident is to stay sober and down-to-earth and not to get stuck in a stage of enthusiastic intoxication or haze of ‘historical sensation’. Particularly in the case of fascinating historical-archaeological challenges this is a pitfall into which even very experienced researchers risk falling. This article is part of the discussion forum 'At the Meeting Point of Historical Disciplines'.In dit artikel worden drie kwesties besproken – het kasteel van Amsterdam (1994-1995), de mikwe van Venlo (2004-2014) en het koningsgraf van Willem II in Middelburg – waarbij een tastbare archeologische vondst aanvankelijk een sensationele historische theorie leek te ondersteunen. De combinatie van archeologische en historische bronnen bleek bij nader inzien geen sluitend interdisciplinair bewijs te leveren, maar slechts luchtkastelen, sprookjes of in elk geval een versie van het verleden die aan geen van beide disciplines recht deed. Deze kwesties zijn aanleiding om vier methodische vuistregels inzake historischarcheologisch onderzoek voor het voetlicht te brengen. Het meest voor de hand liggend om een collectieve maatschappelijke kater te voorkomen is nuchter blijven en niet in de enthousiasmerende dronkenschap of roes van historische sensatie meegesleurd te worden. Juist bij fascinerende historisch-archeologische vraagstukken, is dat een valkuil waar ook zeer geoefende onderzoekers met open ogen in kunnen lopen. Dit artikel maakt deel uit van het discussiedossier 'Op het raakvlak van historische disciplines'.