bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the relationship between premenstrual dysphoric disorder and disordered eating: a qualitative study
Authors: Nkeng Relindis Ebesoh , Matthews Lynsay , Riddell Julie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) causes debilitating psychological and physical symptoms during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Previous research has shown a strong association between PMDD and disordered eating; however, there is limited research from the UK on the impact that PMDD has on eating behaviours. This information is needed to inform appropriate interventions and support. This study aimed to explore the eating behaviours of people living with PMDD in the UK, their experiences of seeking support, and considerations for future interventions.
Method
Qualitative semi structured interviews were conducted with 13 people with PMDD living in the UK. The participants were recruited via an online PMDD support page. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed.
Results
Six themes emerged: ‘dual personality’ life with PMDD; the struggle for appropriate PMDD management; the destructive impact of life with PMDD; eating behaviours during a PMDD episode; ‘aftermath’ (the impact of disordered eating); and accessing support for PMDD-related eating behaviours. Participants described PMDD as severe and distressing, impacting every aspect of their lives. Obtaining an accurate diagnosis and management were challenging, involving dismissive encounters with health professionals, misdiagnoses, and inappropriate treatment. Their eating behaviours fluctuated during different menstrual phases, showing disordered patterns consistent with binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa. Many ‘managed’ their eating habits with harmful strategies such as purging and ‘fad diets’. Participants reported both psychological and physical health impacts of their eating behaviour. Few participants sought eating support, and those who did found minimal improvement. Barriers to seeking help included previous ‘dismissive’ attitudes and a lack of PMDD knowledge among health professionals. Participants recommended PMDD-specific training for health professionals, specialised eating disorder services, increased information dissemination, and flexible management options.
Conclusion
People with PMDD display disordered eating consistent with eating disorders such as binge eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa. This highlights the need for a greater understanding of the potential shared mechanisms of eating disorders and PMDD. Given that the majority of people with eating disorders are women and individuals assigned female at birth, understanding the relationship with PMDD is integral to shaping appropriate interventions and eating support strategies.
Transcript levels of cellular senescence marker genes are increased based on high expression of gasdermin family of genes in breast cancer
Authors: Berkel Caglar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Cellular senescence is a cell state characterized by a generally permanent cell-cycle arrest, generating a broad secretome of inflammatory factors, contributing to pro-inflammatory milieu. Pyroptosis is a highly regulated cell death mechanism with pro-inflammatory characteristics, mediated by gasdermin (GSDM) family of proteins, which has six members: GSDMA-E and PJVK. In the present study, I found that breast tumors with high gasdermin expression have higher expression of senescence marker genes, namely CDKN1A (encoding p21), CDKN2A (encoding p16) and TP53 (encoding p53). This is especially true for high GSDMD- or GSDME-expressing breast tumors, which show higher mRNA levels of three senescence marker genes. This high GSDM-dependent increases in the transcript levels of cellular senescence marker genes is more frequent in breast cancer cells than in non-malignant breast cells, suggesting that the association between gasdermin family of genes and senesence marker genes in terms of expression levels is more strong in the case of tumor. This might point that, in breast cancer, pyroptosis and senescence might be associated; however, whether pyroptosis regulates senescence or vice versa, whether these two processes both reciprocally regulate and control each other, or even whether they share an upstream regulatory pathway remains to be identified. These findings also support previous research demonstrating the promoting effect of pyroptosis on senesence, and that SASP (senescence-associated secretory phenotype) factors can induce GSDMD–dependent pyroptotic cell death in neighboring cells present, in certain contexts. Further mechanistic studies are required to better characterize molecular connections between senescence and pyroptosis in breast cancer.
Noradrenergic axon loss drives olfactory dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Meyer Carolin , Niedermeier Theresa , Feyen Paul , Strübing Felix , Rauchmann Boris , Gentz Johanna , Tillmann Yannik , Ochs Katharina , Wind-Mark Karin , Biechele Gloria , Wagner Jessica , Guersel Selim , Kurz Carolin , Schweiger Meike , Banati Richard , Liu Guo Jun , Middleton Ryan , Mitteregger-Kretzschmar Gerda , Perneczky Robert , Neher Jonas , Tahirovic Sabina , Brendel Matthias , Herms Jochen , Paeger Lars 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is often accompanied by early non-cognitive symptoms, including olfactory deficits, such as hyposmia and anosmia1. These have emerged as solid predictors of cognitive decline, but the underlying mechanisms of hyposmia in early AD remain elusive2. Pathologically, one of the brain regions affected earliest is the brainstem locus coeruleus (LC), the main source of the neurotransmitter noradrenalin (NA) and, a well-known neuromodulator of olfactory information processing3. Here we show that early and distinct loss of noradrenergic input to the olfactory bulb (OB) coincides with impaired olfaction in a mouse model of AD, even before pronounced appearance of extracellular amyloid plaques. Mechanistically, OB microglia detect externalized phosphatidylserine and MFG-E8 on hyperactive LC axons and subsequently initiate their clearance. Translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) knockout reduces phagocytosis, preserving LC axons and olfaction. Importantly, patients with prodromal AD display elevated TSPO-PET signals in the OB, similarly to APPNL-G-F mice. We further confirm early LC axon degeneration in post-mortem OBs in patients with early AD. Collectively, we uncover an underlying mechanism linking early LC system damage and hyposmia in AD. Our work may help to improve early diagnosis of AD by olfactory testing and neurocircuit analysis and consequently enable early intervention.
The Effects of Emotion Regulation and Coping Skills on Mental Health in Refugee Children
Authors: Çelik Sümeyye Belhan , Özkan Esma 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Refugee populations around the world are exposed to violence and trauma. Research has demonstrated that a significant number of traumatic occurrences are experienced by refugees who become victims of human rights violations. It has been discovered that trauma exposure causes serious mental health issues in all populations. Emotion regulation and coping strategies for children living with these risks play an important role in maintaining and promoting mental health. The literature on the mental health of refugee children has several studies, but it is evident that when addressing life events that may affect mental health in these studies, crucial factors like emotion regulation and coping are not addressed and need to be looked into. Thus, this study aims to examine the effects of emotion regulation and coping on mental health in 120 refugee children with an average age of 10.91 ± 1.61.
Methods
The Demographic Information Form, the Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC), the Coping Scale for Children and Youth (CSCY), and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were administered to children who consented to participate in the study.
Results
It was found that there was a medium to strong significant relationship between SDQ sub-dimensions and total score and ERC and CSCY scores in refugee children (p < 0.001). We found that the emotion regulation and coping skills variables included in the regression model explained 83.3% of the SDQ score.
Conclusion
Our study establishes a correlation between the factors examined and mental health. Our results show that refugee children with high emotional regulation and coping strategies are more successful in reducing the difficulties they experience in attention, emotional, behavioral, peer relations and social areas, and that these children's emotional regulation and coping skills have an impact on their mental health. Therefore, we believe that health professionals can play a critical role in improving the mental health of refugee children, who are the most vulnerable group to war trauma, by reducing the effects of their traumatic experiences and helping them adapt to their new lives by developing emotional regulation and coping skills.
The association between multidimensional obesity and cognitive function in the older adults: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2011-2014
Authors: Li Ningning , Liu Junjun , Qi Guihua , Feng Xiaotang , Liu Yuling , Liu Linglong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective The eight indicators of Waist Circumference (WC), Body Mass Index (BMI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Centrality Index (CI), Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), and Waist-to-Weight Ratio (WWI) were used to assess the multidimensional relationship between obesity and cognitive function.
Methods By using data from The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database, researchers selected eight different obesity indices as obesity indicators and used a linear regression model to analyze the relationship between obesity and cognitive function.
Results This cross-sectional study analyzed cognitive function in 736 individuals aged 60 and older. Upon controlling for all potential confounding variables, there exists a substantial negative correlation between BRI, the WHtR and Animal fluency test. There exist statistically noteworthy negative correlations between the ABSI and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) score. There were statistically significant negative associations between the 4st quartile WWI and the DSST score.
Conclusions In addition to focusing on traditional types of obesity such as BMI and WC, more attention should be paid to the risks of cognitive function decline brought about by obesity indicators such as BRI, ABSI, WHtR, and WWI.
Geochemical characterization of different phases of phosphate sludge waste according to their density in seawater
Authors: SAMA Daouda , KPIAGOU Pamane , GMAKOUBA M’bènibé , LAKMON Laounwi , GNAGAMAGO Agbessi Gerard , GNANDI Kissao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Phosphate treatment at the Kpémé plant uses hydrocycloning with seawater, which produces phosphate sludge wastes discharged into the sea without any prior treatment. This waste is highly enriched in trace elements, and is the source of water and coastal sediment pollution. A study of the bulk density of the phases obtained shows that the apatite-rich phase is denser than the clay-rich phase. Clay-rich phases will be transported over longer distances than apatite-rich phases, in accordance with the sea environment conditions prevailing on the coast. The clay-rich phase has a higher degree of acidity and redox potential than the apatite-rich phase. These phosphate sludgy wastes and the various phases are enriched in Cr, Cd, Cu, Co, Zn, Ni and Hg compared with the earth's crust. On the other hand, the light phase is more enriched in trace elements than the apatite-rich phase. The light phase has a higher Kd for all elements than the apatite-rich phase, except for Cd. This makes the light phase much more toxic once each phase is resuspended and carried by tidal currents to sea.
Reorganization of brain connectivity in post-COVID condition A 18F-FDG PET study
Authors: VERGER Antoine , DOYEN Matthieu , HEYER Sebastien , GOEHRINGER François , BRUYERE Alexandra , KAPHAN Elsa , CHINE Meriem , MENARD Amélie , HOROWITZ Tatiana , Guedj Eric 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background. A hypometabolic brain pattern has been reported in patients with post-COVID condition. The aim of this study was to investigate reorganization in metabolic connectivity in patients with post-COVID condition (PCC). Results. One hundred eighty-eight patients who underwent brain 18F-FDG PET for PCC were retrospectively included from two university hospital centres. These patients were age- and sex-matched to 120 healthy controls who underwent brain 18F-FDG PET before the COVID-19 outbreak. A voxel-based group comparison between patients and controls was performed (p-voxel at 0.005 uncorrected, p-cluster at 0.05 FWE corrected). Interregional correlation analyses (IRCA) of the identified clusters as well as sparse inverse covariance estimations (SICEs) at whole-brain scaling were also conducted. Both analyses were performed at the group level for all patients and then secondarily according to the postinfection delay; 88 and 100 patients, respectively, had a delay of less than or greater than 9 months (± 9 M). Three hypometabolic clusters, namely, the right frontotemporal, right and left cerebellar, were identified from the voxel-based group comparisons of PCC patients. Within this hypometabolic PCC pattern, a modification in metabolic connectivity was observed in patients compared with controls, which was more marked in the + 9 M group than in the − 9 M group. On the other hand, the graph analysis revealed a decrease in connectivity efficiency metrics in the PCC. Conclusions. Metabolic connectivity is modified in patients with PCC within the hypometabolic post-COVID-19 network, with lasting reorganization evolving over time, suggesting functional adaptation.
Multi-receptor whole-cortex adaptations with long-term opioid use in chronic pain
Authors: Baliki Marwan , Apkarian Apkar , Vigotsky Andrew , Rached Gaelle , Jabakhanji Rami , Huang Lejian , Branco Paulo , Barroso Joana , Cong Olivia , Centeno Maria Virginia , Cermak Sam , Griffith James , Schnitzer Thomas , Wasan Ajay 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Millions of chronic (non-cancer) pain patients manage their pain with long-duration opioid use1-3, but the neurobiological implications of stable long-term opioid consumption remain unknown. Here, we contrasted the clinical profiles and brain structure and function of 70 chronic back pain patients prescribed opioids (CBP+O, average opioid exposure of 7.8 years) with 70 matched patients managing their pain without opioids (CBP−O) and 39 matched healthy subjects. Despite CBP+O exhibiting only modestly worse clinical profiles than CBP−O with small differences in brain morphology, CBP+O had starkly different brain activity (ALFF). These brain activity differences strongly reflected the cortical spatial distributions of serotonin (5-HT1A and 5-HT1B) and mu-opioid (MOR) receptor densities: CBP+O had greater MOR- and lower serotonin-related activity. Serotonin and MOR-related activities were associated with patients’ functional disability, negative affect, opioid dose, abstinence status, and, in an independent sample, tapering success, indicating that receptor-related activity is a biomarker for multiple clinically relevant characteristics of CBP+O patients. Through pharmacological perturbations in two separate studies (opioid abstinence and 5-HT1A agonist administration), we found that cortical serotonergic and opioidergic circuits comprise opponent processes. Our results show that long-term opioid use implicates multiple receptors; their interaction points to a molecular target and a molecule that may be exploited to aid opioid tapering.
Non-invasive Oxygenation Strategies for Reducing the Incidence of Pneumonia in Adult Patients with Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Hokari Satoshi , Kimata Shunsuke , Sakuraya Masaaki , Okano Hiromu , Masuyama Tomoyuki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: In the current guidelines, the usage of non-invasive oxygenation strategies, such as non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) and high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO), for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) are unable to provide conclusive recommendations. We aimed to identify the most optimum respiratory management strategy reducing pneumonia in patients with AHRF.
Methods: We searched the four databases for eligible trials. Studies including adults with AHRF and randomized controlled trials comparing two different respiratory management methods (NPPV, HFNO, standard oxygen therapy [SOT], or invasive mechanical ventilation [IMV]) were reviewed. The primary outcome was the incidence of pneumonia. A network meta-analysis was performed a frequentist approach with a multivariate random-effects meta-analysis.
Results: We identified 14,263 unique articles, reviewed 126 full-text articles, and finally included 13 studies. Using IMV as the reference, NPPV (risk ratio [RR], 0.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.11–0.51; moderate certainty) and HFNO (RR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09–0.64; moderate certainty) were significantly associated with a lower incidence of pneumonia. Compared with SOT, NPPV (RR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.35–0.84; moderate certainty) but not HFNO (RR, 0.55; 95% CI 0.27–1.13; low certainty) was significantly associated with a lower incidence of pneumonia. The probability of being the best in reducing the incidence of pneumonia among all interventions was higher for NPPV and HFNO, followed by SOT, whereas IMV was the worst.
Conclusions: Our findings imply that NPPV and HFNO may be the most effective strategies for primary respiratory management in adults with AHRF to reduce pneumonia.
Subcutaneous interstitial pressure measurement during early septic shock: a case-control study
Authors: Dargent Auguste , Fournel Isabelle , Jacquier Marine , Dumargne Hugo , Argaud Laurent , Quenot Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Fluid therapy is the cornerstone of septic shock management, but it is also responsible of a deleterious fluid overload, corresponding to accumulation of fluid in the interstitium due to capillary leakage. Interstitium contributes directly to capillary leakage by decreasing interstitial pressure during inflammation. This phenomenon was thoroughly described in burns and other models of inflammation including endotoxemia, but its role during sepsis was never explored in a clinical study. Our objective was to explore the subcutaneous interstitial pressure (SIP) changes during sepsis.
Methods
This case-control study included adult patients admitted in ICU since less than 24h, under sedation and mechanical ventilation, without overt subcutaneous edema and with crystalloid resuscitation < 50ml/kg. In the septic shock group, additional criteria were presence of septic shock since less than 24h, and in the control arm absence of current severe infection. Interstitial pressure was measured using a subcutaneous transducer-tipped probe.
Results
The SIP was measured in 31 patients and was not significantly different between septic shock and control patients: 1.64 ± 2.89 versus 2.51 ± 2.39 mmHg, respectively (p = 0.370). Patients with a strictly negative SIP were all in the septic shock group but one, although the absolute difference was not significant (5 (31%) vs 1 (7%) respectively, p = 0.172).
Conclusion
Subcutaneous interstitial pressure was not significantly lower in patients with septic shock, but sub-atmospheric SIP was prevalent only in the septic shock group, despite higher fluid balance. Further studies are required to demonstrate the role of interstitial pressure in increasing capillary leakage during sepsis.
Diagnostic accuracy of intraoral mobile photography for oral health screening in children: A pilot study
Authors: Mania Lia , Nanobashvili Ketevan , Manjavidze Tinatin , Benashvili Mamuka , Astamadze Ia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Mobile dental photography is increasing in relevance in the diagnosis of oral diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoral mobile photography in assessing caries intensity (decayed, missing/extracted, filled teeth), simplified oral hygiene index, and modified gingival index.
Methods
This study included 358 children of 7–12 years of age. A clinician evaluated decayed, missing/extracted, filled teeth; simplified oral hygiene; and modified gingival indices by visual examination. Simultaneously, dental students recorded intraoral photographs with a mobile phone in eight predetermined projections. Another oral professional calculated indices based on the photographs. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of dental photography were evaluated, and Cohen's kappa was calculated.
Results
A total of 2864 photographs were evaluated in this study. The sensitivity and specificity of mobile photography for decayed, missing, filled teeth; decayed, extracted, filled teeth; simplified oral hygiene, and modified gingival indices were 95.8 (95% confidence interval: 93.4–98.3) and 89.2 (83–95.5); 100.0 (100–100) and 88.6 (79.3–98); 89.7 (85.8–93.5) and 91.4 (86.3–96.5); and 77.6 (67.6–87.6) and 93.8 (91–96.6), respectively; positive predictive values were 96.2, 97.7, 95.6, and 74.3; negative predictive values 88.3, 100.0, 80.9, and 94.8; and Cohen’s Kappa values were 0.848, 0.928, 0.784, and 0.702, respectively.
Conclusions
Intraoral mobile photography, based on appropriate guidelines, is reliable for assessing decayed, missing/extracted, filled teeth; simplified oral hygiene; and modified gingival indices in children and could be a useful tool in dental public health, supporting the involvement of dental students in similar research studies.