bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex estimation based on glabella morphology in contemporary Brazilian human skulls
Authors: de Moura Ferreira Gomes Júlia Neves , de Carvalho Marcus Vitor Diniz , da Fonte Cornélio André Marquim Nogueira , de Azevedo Santos Greiciane Miguel , Petraki Gabriela Granja Porto , Soriano Evelyne Pessoa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Estimating sex from a dry skull depends on studying validated and specific traits. One such reference area exhibiting sexual dimorphism is the glabella, located on the frontal bone. This anatomical landmark is easily classified and shows promising results in sexual identification due to its magnitude variations between sexes. The present study is methodologically based on Walker’s approach, which visually analyzes cranial traits and scores them according to their morphology. This study aimed to investigate the sex estimation of dry skulls from Brazilian human skeletons for human identification through macroscopic analysis of the glabella. This analytical, quantitative, cross-sectional study utilized a sample of 471 skulls from both sexes, aged 25 years or older, belonging to the contemporary collection of the Center for Studies in Forensic Anthropology at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco (CEAF/FOP/UPE), Brazil. Data were recorded in an Excel spreadsheet and subsequently subjected to statistical analysis using IBM© SPSS (version 22.0).

Results
Initial observation of the skeletons excluded 52 (11.0%) due to age below 25 years, absence of a skull, or compromised glabella region, resulting in a final sample of 419 skulls. The mean age was 66.6 years, with a median of 67, a minimum of 25, and a maximum of 109 years. Regarding glabella types, score 2 showed the highest frequency (35.6%), while score 5 had the lowest percentage (7.9%). A statistically significant association was found between female sex and glabella scores 1 and 2. Also, individuals aged over 60 presented more glabella scores 1 and 2. The sex estimation accuracy for the sample was 76.1%, with females having a higher percentage of correct observations than males.

Conclusions
The morphology of the glabella provides useful information for estimating sex in the biological profile. However, further studies on this morphological trait in other Brazilian osteological collections are encouraged to establish a national profile and contribute to human identification procedures in the country.
Potential of insect growth regulators for the control of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae) with respect to their biochemical and histological effects
Authors: El-Shewy Amira M. , Hamouda Sameh S. A. , Gharib Ahmed M. , Gad Hassan A. , Abdelgaleil Samir A. M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Housefly causes a variety of health problems to humans and animals. Therefore, it is crucial to find out effective methods for the control of housefly larvae to avoid health problems associated with the presence this disease vector insect. Efficacy of insect growth regulators (IGRs), chlorfluazuron, lufenuron, methoxyfenozide and pyriproxyfen, against larvae of Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae), was assessed. The IGRs were mixed with food media at concentrations of 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0 mg/kg (ppm).

Results
The highest larvicidal activity was obtained by chlorfluazuron and pyriproxyfen with LC50 values of 6.79 and 7.10 ppm, respectively, 72 h post-treatment. Also, 25.0 ppm of chlorfluazuron and 75.0 ppm of methoxyfenozide as well as lufenuron were shown to fully suppress adult emergence and survival percentages (0.0%). Moreover, the activity of three digestive enzymes suppressed in the treated larvae with pyriproxyfen and chlorfluazuron: amylase (enzyme ratio (ER) = 0.71 and 0.78), lipase (ER = 0.54 and 0.63) and proteases (ER = 0.62 and 0.66), respectively. Also, methoxyfenozide and pyriproxyfen inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and general-esterase (GE) activity with ER (0.28 and 0.59) and (0.61 and 0.72), respectively. The histological examination of M. domestica larvae treated with IGRs showed changes in midgut; for example, the epithelial cells were broken, deformed and loss their columnar structure. Also, the peritrophic membrane disappeared completely.

Conclusions
The findings of the current study indicate that the tested IGRs have a potential to be applied in IPM programs of M. domestica.
Cloud EMRs auditing with decentralized (t, n)-threshold ownership transfer
Authors: Wang Yamei , You Weijing , Zhang Yuexin , Ye Ayong , Xu Li 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn certain cloud Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) applications, the data ownership may need to be transferred. In practice, not only the data but also the auditing ability should be transferred securely and efficiently. However, we investigate and find that most of the existing data ownership transfer protocols only work well between two individuals, and they become inefficient when dealing between two communities. The proposals for transferring tags between communities are problematic as well since, they require all members get involved or a fully trusted aggregator facilitates ownership transfer, which are unrealistic in certain scenarios. To alleviate these problems, in this paper we develop a secure auditing protocol with decentralized (t, n)-threshold ownership transfer for cloud EMRs. This protocol is designed to operate efficiently without requiring the mandatory participation of every user or the involvement of any trusted third-party. It is achieved by employing the threshold signature. Rigorous security analyses and comprehensive performance evaluations illustrate the security and practicality of our protocol. Specifically, according to the evaluations and comparisons, the communication and computational consumption is independent of the file size, i.e., it is constant in our protocol for both communities.
Corneal microstructural changes of precise CHST6 gene mutation: a case series
Authors: Murugan Durga , Babu Senthil Kumar , Kalaimamani Ezhil Vendhan , Raju Kamaraj 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) is an inherited, autosomal recessive disorder of defective keratan sulfate (KS) metabolism. It is caused by the mutations in carbohydrate sulfotransferase 6 gene (CHST6) which is essential for the sulfation of KS. Unlike the western world, MCD is the most common corneal stromal dystrophy in India, especially in south Indian population; it could be due to high frequency of consanguineous marriages.

Case presentation
This study presents the clinical findings of one North Indian MCD family, including 6 patients and 3 unaffected relatives. We used slit lamp examination and in vivo confocal microscopy for assessment. Mutation screening was performed with Sanger sequencing, and corneal structure was analyzed through histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. Our comparative findings revealed that all the patients identified with the deletion of major portion of CHST6 that included the Open Reading Frame (ORF). Although all the patients showed significantly reduced central corneal thickness (CCT-250 μm), a drastic decrease in stromal keratocyte count, and depletion of Bowman’s layer compared to controls.

Conclusions
This study first time revealed that MCD patients from one family with a deletion of major portion of CHST6 that included ORF leads to severe corneal morphological changes.
Cost-effectiveness of an interactive voice response system for improving retention in care and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among young adults in Uganda
Authors: Naggirinya Agnes Bwanika , Nuwamanya Elly , Nabaggala Maria Sarah , Musinguzi Francis , Nanungi Annet , Waiswa Peter , Rujumba Joseph , Meya David B. , Parkes-Ratanshi Rosalind 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
New interventions aimed at increasing access to and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among young people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (YPLHIV) are needed. This study assessed the cost-effectiveness of the call-for-life interaction voice response tool compared to that of the standard of care (SOC) for promoting treatment adherence and retention in care among YPLHIV in Western Uganda.
This cost-effectiveness study used data from a randomized controlled trial and a decision-analytic Markov model to estimate the long-term outcomes and costs of the Call for Life-Interactive Voice Response (CFL-IVR) tool and the usual care from the Ugandan public payer perspective. The model was parameterized using primary data and the literature and adopted a 1-year Markov cycle. The main outcomes were mean annual costs, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in form of cost per DALY averted. The CLF-IVR was deemed cost-effective if the ICER was between 1% and 51% of Uganda’s gross domestic product. We conducted deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses to assess the effect of adjusting parameter values on cost-effectiveness estimates. All costs were reported in 2021 US dollars, and a discount rate of 3% was applied to both costs and outcomes.

Results
The base case analysis showed that, from the Ugandan public payer perspective, the CLF-IVR led to more mean annual costs ($359 vs. $280) and averted more mean annual DALYs (15.78 vs. 11.09) than the SOC, leading to an ICER of $17 per DALY averted. The base-case results did not change significantly in the deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. The cost-effectiveness estimates were more responsive to uncertainties surrounding ART duration, viral load suppression rates, and discount rates.

Conclusion
The CLF-IVR may be a cost-effective intervention for promoting treatment adherence and retention in care among YPLHIV in Uganda and other low-income settings. Once implemented, similar interventions may lead to greater returns in encouraging adherence to ART and retention in care among YPLHIV and other vulnerable groups, and eventually favorable clinical outcomes.

Trial registration
NCT04718974 Registry: clinical Trials.gov https://ichgcp.net/nl/clinical-trials-registry/NCT04718974 (20 Jan 2021).
Understanding mental health help-seeking and stigma among Hungarian adults: A network perspective
Authors: Swisher Valerie S. , Őri Dorottya , Rihmer Zoltán , Wernigg Róbert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Hungarians exhibit more negative attitudes toward help-seeking for mental health problems compared to other European countries. However, research on help-seeking in Hungary is limited, and it is unclear how stigma relates to help-seeking when considering demographic and clinical characteristics. We used a network analytic approach to simulate a stigma model using hypothesized constructs in a sizable sample of Hungarian adults.

Methods
Participants were 345 adults recruited from nine primary care offices across Hungary. Participants completed self-report measures assessing public stigma, self-stigma, experiential avoidance (EA), attitudes toward seeking professional psychological help, anxiety, depression, demographics, prior use of mental health services, and whether they have a family member or friend with a mental health condition.

Results
EA and anxiety were the most central nodes in the network. The network also revealed associations between greater EA with greater public stigma, anxiety, depression, and having a family member or friend with a mental health condition. More positive attitudes toward seeking help were associated with lower self-stigma, public stigma, and having received psychological treatment in their lifetime. Being female was associated with lower income, higher education, and having received psychological treatment in their lifetime. Finally, having a family member or friend with a mental health condition was associated with having received psychological treatment in their lifetime and greater public stigma.

Conclusions
The strength centrality and associations of EA with clinical covariates and public stigma implicate its importance in stigma models. Findings also suggest that while some aspects of existing stigma models are retained in countries like Hungary, other aspects may diverge.
Monitoring of Isothermal Crystallization and Time–Temperature Transformation of Amorphous Felodipine: The Time-Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Method
Authors: Pajzderska A. , Gonzalez M. A. , Jarek M. , Wąsicki J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe isothermal crystallization process of felodipine has been investigated using the time-domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) method for amorphous bulk and ground samples. The obtained induction and crystallization times were then used to construct the time–temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram, both above and below the glass transition temperature (Tg). The Nose temperature was found equal to 363 K. Furthermore, the dynamics of crystalline and amorphous felodipine were compared across varying temperatures. Molecular dynamics simulations were also employed to explore the hydrogen-bond interactions and dynamic properties of both systems.
Graphical Abstract
The Role of Exercise Blood Pressure in Hypertension: Measurement, Mechanisms, and Management
Authors: CURRIE KATHARINE D. , SCHULTZ MARTIN G. , MILLAR PHILIP J. , PESCATELLO LINDA S. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Hypertension affects one in three adults globally and is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Although blood pressure measurements at rest are fundamental to the detection and management of hypertension, abnormal blood pressure responses to exercise, namely, an exaggerated exercise blood pressure (EEBP), can provide additional independent information about current and future hypertension risk. This paper summarizes a symposium entitled, “The Role of Exercise Blood Pressure in Hypertension: Measurement, Mechanisms and Management” included at the 2023 American College of Sports Medicine annual meeting, which presented a timely discussion about the clinical utility of EEBP. Here we will summarize the evidence presented by the speakers including considerations for blood pressure measurement during exercise, an overview of EEBP thresholds and discussion about the value of EEBP during submaximal exercise for the identification and management of hypertension, a summary of the potential physiological mechanisms underpinning an EEBP, and a review of exercise prescription guidelines based on new and emerging evidence as they relate to the American College of Sports Medicine’s exercise recommendations for hypertension. We conclude by highlighting areas for future research with the overarching goal of improving the measurement and management of hypertension.
GLP-1 receptor agonists and their role in managing type 2 diabetes
Authors: Nazarko Linda 
Published: September 2024

There are three components to diabetes care. These are prevention, treatment and management. Linda Nazarko explains how nurses are increasingly adopting a holistic model of diabetes care. Until recently the focus in diabetes care was on managing blood glucose – a glucocentric view. This is changing to a more holistic model aimed at prevention, treatment and management through lifestyle interventions as well as medication. An estimated 5 million people in the UK are living with diabetes, most have type 2 diabetes which is associated with obesity. Type 2 diabetes can be prevented, treated with diet and weight loss, or managed with medication. The number of people with diabetes has reached epidemic proportions. To manage diabetes well and reduce complications of poorly managed diabetes, management of the condition can no longer be restricted to endocrinologists and diabetes specialist nurses. This article provides guidance on how glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists can be used in the management of type 2 diabetes.
The long-term time course of septic arthritis
Authors: Clement Rhys G. E. , Wong Seng J. , Hall Andrew , Howie Sarah E. M. , Simpson A. H. R. W. 
Published: September 2024

AimsThe aims of this study were to: 1) report on a cohort of skeletally mature patients with native hip and knee septic arthritis over a 14-year period; 2) to determine the rate of joint failure in patients who had experienced an episode of hip or knee septic arthritis; and 3) to assess the outcome following septic arthritis relative to the infecting organism, whether those patients infected by Staphylococcus aureus would be more likely to have adverse outcomes than those infected by other organisms.MethodsAll microbiological samples from joint aspirations between March 2000 and December 2014 at our institution were reviewed in order to identify cases of culture-proven septic arthritis. Cases in children (aged < 16 years) and prosthetic joints were excluded. Data were abstracted on age at diagnosis, sex, joint affected (hip or knee), type of organisms isolated, cause of septic arthritis, comorbidities within the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), details of treatment, and outcome.ResultsA total of 142 patients were confirmed to have had an episode of septic arthritis in a native hip (n = 17) or knee joint (n = 125). S. aureus accounted for 57.7% of all hip and knee joint infections. There were 13 inpatient deaths attributed to septic arthritis. The median age of the patients who died was 77.5 (46.9 to 92.2) and their median age-adjusted CCI was 8 (6 to 12). A failure of the joint occurred in 26 knees (21%) and nine hips (53%). Of the knee joints infected by S. aureus (n = 71), 23 knees (32%) went into failure of joint, whereas of those infected by other organisms (n = 54), only three knees (6%) failed.ConclusionBased on our study findings, hip and knee septic arthritis long-term outcomes were substantially worse than their immediate outcome suggested. Failure of knee joint is 6.1 times more likely to occur in those infected with S. aureus.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(9):785–792.
Clinical presentation of human leptospirosis in febrile patients: Urabá, Colombia
Authors: Uribe-Restrepo Pablo , Perez-Garcia Janeth , Arboleda Margarita , Munoz-Zanzi Claudia , Agudelo-Florez Piedad 
Published: September 2024

Background
Leptospirosis is responsible for various clinical syndromes, classically linked with fever and acute kidney injury.

Methodology/Principal findings
A prospective multicenter observational study was conducted in six health institutions in the region of Urabá, Colombia. Enrollment was based on leptospirosis-compatible clinical syndrome and a positive preliminary serological test, with PCR used to confirm the disease. Clinical data were collected using a standard questionnaire at enrollment, complemented with a review of clinical records. A total of 100 patients were enrolled, 37% (95% CI 27.0–46.9%) had a positive PCR result confirming acute leptospirosis. The most frequent symptoms in patients with a positive PCR test were headache (91.9%; 34/37), chills and sweating (80.6%; 29/37), nausea (75%; 27/37), dizziness (74.3%; 26/37), vomiting (61.1%; 22/37), congestion (56.8%; 21/37), and conjunctival suffusion (51.4%; 19/37). The frequency of clinical signs classically described in leptospirosis was low: jaundice (8.3%; 3/36) and anuria/oliguria (21.6%; 8/37). An increased neutrophile percentage was reported in 60.6% (20/33) of patients. The presence of complications was 21.6% (8/37), with pulmonary complications being the most frequent (75.0% 6/8). One confirmed case died resulting in a fatality of 2.7% (95% CI 0.5–13.8).

Conclusions/Significance
Leptospirosis should be considered within the differential diagnoses of an undifferentiated acute febrile syndrome. Leptospirosis presents diagnostic challenges due to limitations in both clinical and laboratory diagnosis thus it is important to improve understanding of disease presentation and identify signs and symptoms that might help differentiate it from other causes of febrile illness.
Trends in smoking initiation and cessation over a century in two Australian cohorts
Authors: James Alan L. , Caliskan Gulser , Pesce Giancarlo , Accordini Simone , Abramson Michael J. , Bui Dinh , Musk Arthur W. , Knuiman Matthew W. , Perret Jennifer L. , Jarvis Deborah , Minelli Cosetta , Calciano Lucia , Hui Jennie , Hunter Michael , Thomas Paul S. , Walters E. Haydn , Garcia-Aymerich Judith , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Marcon Alessandro 
Published: September 2024

Background
Historical data on smoking can enhance our comprehension of the effectiveness of past tobacco control policies and play a key role in developing targeted public health interventions. This study was undertaken to assess trends in smoking initiation and cessation in Australia for the period 1910–2005.

Methods
Rates of smoking initiation and cessation were calculated for participants in two population-based cohorts, the Busselton Health Study and the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study. The effects of time trends, gender and age group were evaluated.

Results
Of the 29,971 participants, 56.8% ever smoked. In males, over the period 1910–1999, the rate of smoking initiation in young adolescents remained high with a peak in the 1970s; in older adolescents it peaked in the 1940s and then declined; in young adults it showed a steady decline. In females, the rate of smoking initiation in young adolescents rose sharply in the 1960s and peaked in the 1970s, in older adolescents it increased throughout the period, and in young adults it declined after 1970. In the period 1930–2005, 27.3% of 9,605 people aged 36–50 years who smoked ceased smoking. Rates of cessation in this age group increased throughout but decreased in males after 1990 and plateaued around 2000 in females.

Conclusion
Our findings show substantial variation in the efficacy of tobacco control policies across age groups, with a notable lack of success among the younger population.
Impact of occupational stress on healthcare workers’ family members before and during COVID-19: A systematic review
Authors: Tekin Sahra , Nicholls Helen , Lamb Dannielle , Glover Naomi , Billings Jo 
Published: September 2024

We aimed to explore the experiences, needs, and mental health impact of family members of healthcare workers (HCWs) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Eleven quantitative and nine qualitative studies were included in this review. Based on the narrative synthesis, we identified five outcomes: ‘Mental health outcomes’, ‘Family relationships, ‘Coping skills and resilience’, ‘Quality of life and social life’, and ‘Practical outcomes’. Our findings indicated that there was a high risk to the mental health and well-being of families of healthcare workers both before and during the pandemic. However, with the COVID-19 pandemic, some experiences and mental health issues of families were worsened. There was also a negative association between working long hours/shift work and family relationships/communication, family social life, and joint activities, and family members taking on more domestic responsibilities. Families tended to use both positive and negative coping strategies to deal with their loved one’s job stress. Organisations and support services working with people in health care work should consider widening support to families where possible. With this understanding, HCWs and their families could be supported more effectively in clinical and organisational settings.
Trial registration: Systematic Review Registration Number: CRD42022310729. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022310729.