bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detailed analysis of adverse events and surgical interventions in a large prospective trial of sacral neuromodulation therapy for overactive bladder patients
Authors: Noblett Karen , Benson Kevin , Kreder Karl 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionThe InSite trial is a prospective, multicenter study of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) therapy with the InterStim® System in subjects with overactive bladder (OAB). One of the primary aims of the study is to report on long‐term safety of the tined lead. This analysis provides detailed descriptions of device‐related adverse events (AEs) and surgical interventions to 12 months.MethodsAnalysis included those subjects who completed test stimulation with a tined lead, received a full implant, and reported device‐related AEs out to 12 months. A Clinical Events Committee (CEC) adjudicated AEs to 12 months.ResultsDevice‐related AEs occurred in 30% (82/272) of subjects, with only one considered serious. Fifty‐six percent of the device‐related AEs occurred between implant and 3 months. The most frequent device‐related AEs were undesirable change in stimulation (12%, 32/272); implant site pain (7%, 20/272); and implant site infection (3%, 9/272). Of the 26 events of implant site pain, 13 required surgical intervention, with only two resulting in explant. Ten subjects experienced 13 events of a surgical site infection (including an additional cellulitis), five of which resolved with antibiotics and eight required explantation. The overall surgical intervention rate was 13% with the most common reasons being pain at the surgical site (4%), lack/loss of efficacy (4%), and infection (3%).ConclusionsAlthough a 30% AE rate was reported, most AEs were minor and were resolved without surgical intervention. Surgical intervention was required in 13% of subjects, with the majority being revision or replacement. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1136–1139, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An intravoxel oriented flow model for diffusion‐weighted imaging of the kidney
Authors: Hilbert Fabian , Bock Maximilian , Neubauer Henning , Veldhoen Simon , Wech Tobias , Bley Thorsten Alexander , Köstler Herbert 
Published: August 2016

By combining intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) we introduce a new diffusion model called intravoxel oriented flow (IVOF) that accounts for anisotropy of diffusion and the flow‐related signal. An IVOF model using a simplified apparent flow fraction tensor (IVOFf) is applied to diffusion‐weighted imaging of human kidneys.The kidneys of 13 healthy volunteers were examined on a 3 T scanner. Diffusion‐weighted images were acquired with six b values between 0 and 800 s/mm2 and 30 diffusion directions. Diffusivity and flow fraction were calculated for different diffusion models. The Akaike information criterion was used to compare the model fit of the proposed IVOFf model to IVIM and DTI.In the majority of voxels the proposed IVOFf model with a simplified apparent flow fraction tensor performs better than IVIM and DTI. Mean diffusivity is significantly higher in DTI compared with models that account for the flow‐related signal. The fractional anisotropy of diffusion is significantly reduced when flow fraction is considered to be anisotropic. Anisotropy of the apparent flow fraction tensor is significantly higher in the renal medulla than in the cortex region.The IVOFf model describes diffusion‐weighted data in the human kidney more accurately than IVIM or DTI. The apparent flow fraction in the kidney proved to be anisotropic.
Robust shape and topology optimization considering geometric uncertainties with stochastic level set perturbation
Authors: Zhang Wenbo , Kang Zhan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWhen geometric uncertainties arising from manufacturing errors are comparable with the characteristic length or the product responses are sensitive to such uncertainties, the products of deterministic design cannot perform robustly. This paper presents a new level set‐based framework for robust shape and topology optimization against geometric uncertainties. We first propose a stochastic level set perturbation model of uncertain topology/shape to characterize manufacturing errors in conjunction with Karhunen–Loève (K–L) expansion. We then utilize polynomial chaos expansion to implement the stochastic response analysis. In this context, the mathematical formulation of the considered robust shape and topology optimization problem is developed, and the adjoint‐variable shape sensitivity scheme is derived. An advantage of this method is that relatively large shape variations and even topological changes can be accounted for with desired accuracy and efficiency. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the present formulation and numerical techniques. In particular, this method is justified by the observations in minimum compliance problems, where slender bars vanish when the manufacturing errors become comparable with the characteristic length of the structures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using thermal desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to rapidly determine antimicrobial preservatives in cosmetics
Authors: Cho Yi‐Tzu , Su Hung , Lin Shiang‐Jiun , Wu Ban‐Hsin , Lai Ching‐Yu , Huang I‐Ching 
Published: August 2016

RationaleCharacterization and quantification of permitted preservatives are important inspections to prevent the overuse of preservatives in authentic formulations. However, the complexity of sample matrices makes preservative determination in cosmetics a tedious process. A rapid analytical strategy to identify preservatives would insure large numbers of products are in compliance with government regulations.MethodsThermal desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (TD‐ESI‐MS) was used to directly detect preservative compounds in authentic formulations without sample pretreatment. The technique employs a metal probe, which was configured for sampling cosmetics in their original states and was inserted in a closed preheated oven to thermally desorb analytes. The desorbed analytes were then carried by a nitrogen gas stream into an ESI plume, where the formed ions were subsequently detected by the mass analyzer.ResultsThe TD‐ESI mass and tandem mass spectra of different classes of preservative standards were rapidly obtained, and the limits of detection were far below the legal limit of their respective concentrations. The preservatives were also directly detected in different types of authentic formulations in the absence of sample preparation, and within a few seconds per sample. Calibration curves for preservatives in four common formulations yielded good linearity in the regulation‐allowed range.ConclusionsDue to its sensitivity, short analysis time, repeatability, and quantitative ability, TD‐ESI‐MS may serve as a suitable tool for large‐scale screening of cosmetic preservatives to assure product safety. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A sensitive object‐oriented approach to big surveillance data compression for social security applications in smart cities
Authors: Xiao Jing , Wang Zhongyuan , Chen Yu , Liao Liang , Xiao Jun , Zhan Gen , Hu Ruimin 
Published: August 2016

SummarySurveillance has become a fairly common practice with the global boom in “smart cities”. How to efficiently store and manage the vast quantities of surveillance data is a persistent challenge in terms of analyzing social security problems. Developing data compression technology under the analytic requirements of surveillance data is the key to solving the storage problem. Criminal investigation demands the quality preservation of sensitive objects, typically pedestrians, human faces, vehicles, and license plates; however, the analytical value of surveillance data is rapidly lost as the compression ratio increases. In this paper, we propose a sensitive object‐oriented regions of interest‐based coding strategy for preserving the analytical value of surveillance data. In the proposed method, instead of generating a saliency map based on human visual perception, we consider saliency as a set of characteristics important for object detection and recognition. By making this modification, almost all sensitive objects necessary in a criminal investigation are assigned high saliency value rather than only one or two salient regions. Motions in the temporal domain are integrated to place emphasis on moving objects, namely moving sensitive objects, which then gain the highest saliency. Finally, a saliency‐based rate control algorithm embedded in High Efficiency Video Coding is used to maintain the quality of sensitive objects in the encoded video under a fixed bitrate. Experiments were conducted on two analytical indexes: Feature similarity and object detection accuracy. The results showed that by achieving the same feature similarity and object detection accuracy, our method can save 20% and 40% bitrate over High Efficiency Video Coding, respectively, for the storage of big surveillance data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled Synthesis of Carbon‐Supported Gold Clusters for Rational Catalyst Design
Authors: Yamazoe Seiji , Yoskamtorn Tatchamapan , Takano Shinjiro , Yadnum Sudarat , Limtrakul Jumras , Tsukuda Tatsuya 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe development of novel catalysts based on metal clusters requires a rational design principle as well as atomically precise synthetic methods. Toward this goal, we have developed a method to precisely and independently control the size, composition, and surface modification of heterogeneous gold clusters by calcination of the ligand‐protected Au clusters on carbon supports. We studied the effects of these structural parameters using benzyl alcohol oxidation as a test reaction. Unexpectedly, Au144 and Au∼330 on hierarchically porous carbon exhibited significantly higher turnover frequency than Au25 and Au38. This size dependence is ascribed to the difference in the geometric structures of the Au clusters; Au144 and Au∼330 have an icosahedral‐based structure whereas Au25 and Au38 have a face‐centered cubic structure. Doping of a single Pd atom into Au25 supported on carbon nanotubes remarkably enhanced the catalytic activity. The doping effect is explained in terms of the accelerated formation of the carbocation intermediate due to electron transfer from Pd to Au, since the doped Pd is buried within the Au clusters and is located at the interface between the supports. Residual thiolates on Au25 affected both the activity and selectivity; selective oxidation to benzaldehyde was achieved at optimized coverage. Non‐formation of benzoic acid is due to the suppression of oxidation activity by electron withdrawal by thiolates and non‐formation of benzyl benzoate is due to the site‐isolation effect by thiolates. These results will provide useful information for the rational design of gold‐cluster‐based catalysts with desired performance.
A stochastic wind turbine wake model based on new metrics for wake characterization
Authors: Doubrawa Paula , Barthelmie Rebecca J. , Wang Hui , Churchfield Matthew J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the detailed dynamics of wind turbine wakes is critical to predicting the performance and maximizing the efficiency of wind farms. This knowledge requires atmospheric data at a high spatial and temporal resolution, which are not easily obtained from direct measurements. Therefore, research is often based on numerical models, which vary in fidelity and computational cost. The simplest models produce axisymmetric wakes and are only valid beyond the near wake. Higher‐fidelity results can be obtained by solving the filtered Navier–Stokes equations at a resolution that is sufficient to resolve the relevant turbulence scales. This work addresses the gap between these two extremes by proposing a stochastic model that produces an unsteady asymmetric wake. The model is developed based on a large‐eddy simulation (LES) of an offshore wind farm. Because there are several ways of characterizing wakes, the first part of this work explores different approaches to defining global wake characteristics. From these, a model is developed that captures essential features of a LES‐generated wake at a small fraction of the cost. The synthetic wake successfully reproduces the mean characteristics of the original LES wake, including its area and stretching patterns, and statistics of the mean azimuthal radius. The mean and standard deviation of the wake width and height are also reproduced. This preliminary study focuses on reproducing the wake shape, while future work will incorporate velocity deficit and meandering, as well as different stability scenarios. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining economic and fluid dynamic models to determine the optimal spacing in very large wind farms
Authors: Stevens Richard J. A. M. , Hobbs Benjamin F. , Ramos Andrés , Meneveau Charles 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWind turbine spacing is an important design parameter for wind farms. Placing turbines too close together reduces their power extraction because of wake effects and increases maintenance costs because of unsteady loading. Conversely, placing them further apart increases land and cabling costs, as well as electrical resistance losses. The asymptotic limit of very large wind farms in which the flow conditions can be considered ‘fully developed’ provides a useful framework for studying general trends in optimal layouts as a function of dimensionless cost parameters. Earlier analytical work by Meyers and Meneveau (Wind Energy 15, 305–317 (2012)) revealed that in the limit of very large wind farms, the optimal turbine spacing accounting for the turbine and land costs is significantly larger than the value found in typical existing wind farms. Here, we generalize the analysis to include effects of cable and maintenance costs upon optimal wind turbine spacing in very large wind farms under various economic criteria. For marginally profitable wind farms, minimum cost and maximum profit turbine spacings coincide. Assuming linear‐based and area‐based costs that are representative of either offshore or onshore sites we obtain for very large wind farms spacings that tend to be appreciably greater than occurring in actual farms confirming earlier results but now including cabling costs. However, we show later that if wind farms are highly profitable then optimization of the profit per unit area leads to tighter optimal spacings than would be implied by cost minimization. In addition, we investigate the influence of the type of wind farm layout. © 2016 The Authors Wind Energy Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Assessing risk for preclinical β‐amyloid pathology with APOE, cognitive, and demographic information
Authors: Insel Philip S. , Palmqvist Sebastian , Mackin R. Scott , Nosheny Rachel L. , Hansson Oskar , Weiner Michael W. , Mattsson Niklas ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroductionClinical trials in Alzheimer's disease are aimed at early stages of disease, including preclinical Alzheimer's disease. The high cost and time required to screen large numbers of participants for Aβ pathology impede the development of novel drugs. This study's objective was to evaluate the extent to which inexpensive and easily obtainable information can reduce the number of screen failures by increasing the proportion of Aβ+ participants identified for screening.MethodsWe used random forest models to evaluate the positive predictive value of demographics, APOE, and longitudinal cognitive rates in the prediction of amyloid pathology, measured by florbetapir PET or cerebrospinal fluid.ResultsPredicting Aβ positivity with demographic, APOE, and cognitive information yielded a positive predictive value estimate of 0.65 (95% CI, 0.50–0.96), nearly a 60% increase over the reference Aβ+ prevalence in the cohort of 0.41.ConclusionsBy incorporating this procedure, clinical trial screening costs may be substantially reduced.
Emerging market presence, inventory, and product recall linkages
Authors: Steven Adams B. , Britto Rodrigo A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study investigates simultaneous linkages between outsourcing, in‐house offshoring, sales to emerging markets, inventory and product recalls. The study finds a positive and significant association between outsourcing to emerging markets and recalls and that sales penetration into emerging markets reduces recalls; however, it finds no direct relationship between in‐house offshoring and recalls. Interestingly, in‐house offshoring to emerging markets appears to mitigate the positive relationship between outsourcing to these markets and recalls; this suggests that transactional complexities of outsourcing to emerging markets are mitigated by a physical presence in the market. This important finding suggests that by keeping some operations in‐house, firms may reduce the negative effect of outsourcing on product quality and safety while reaping low‐cost benefits of sourcing from these emerging markets. Additionally, the results indicate that institutional immaturities within recipient countries (associated with outsourcing) are primary contributors to inefficiencies affecting quality performance. On the inventory side, sourcing from emerging markets negatively affects inventory performance. Although inventory performance typically does not appear to be related to recalls, finished goods inventory is positively associated with quality failures.
Quantitative analysis of the clay minerals in the Shurijeh Reservoir Formation using combined X-ray analytical techniques
Authors: Jozanikohan G. , Sahabi F. , Norouzi G.H. , Memarian H. , Moshiri B. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The Shurijeh Reservoir Formation of Neocomian age is represented by a sandstone sequence, occasionally interbedded with shale, in the Gonbadli gas field, Kopet-Dagh Basin, Northeastern Iran. In this study X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques were used together to characterize the Shuirjeh clay minerals in 76 core samples collected from two deep Gonbadli wells. The results of XRF analysis showed high percentages of silicon and moderate to low percentages of aluminum, sulfur, calcium, potassium, sodium, magnesium, and iron in both wells. The XRD analysis indicated that the above elements were concentrated in the form of quartz, anhydrite, dolomite, calcite, plagioclase, K-feldspar, hematite, and clay minerals. Further XRD examination of the clay fraction revealed that illite, chlorite, and kaolinite were the major types of clay minerals. Unlike, glauconite, smectite, and a mixed layer clays of both the illite–smectite and chlorite–smectite types were observed only in very few samples. The percentages of individual clay minerals were determined using external standard calibration curves and successfully validated by a system of simultaneous linear equations acquired from detailed elemental information based on the XRF analysis. The error reached ±5% for the main mineral constituent and ±15% for minor minerals. A local regression relationship was also derived, based on the XRF elemental information, which can be used to estimate the clay contents of other Shurijeh drilled wells with data of pulsed-neutron spectroscopy tools. According to the proposed quantitative approach, the amount of illite varied considerably, reaching 18.3%. In contrast, the amounts of kaolinite and chlorite were generally small, i.e., less than 8.4%. The amount of total clay minerals changed greatly from a minimum of 5% to a maximum of 32.5%. An increase in illite with increasing burial depth and temperature was an obvious indication of deep burial diagenesis in this formation.
Malformations of Cortical Development: From Postnatal to Fetal Imaging
Authors: Lerman-Sagie Tally , Leibovitz Zvi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAbnormal fetal corticogenesis results in malformations of cortical development (MCD). Abnormal cell proliferation leads to microcephaly or megalencephaly, incomplete neuronal migration results in heterotopia and lissencephaly, neuronal overmigration manifests as cobblestone malformations, and anomalous postmigrational cortical organization is responsible for polymicrogyria and focal cortical dysplasias. MCD comprises various congenital brain disorders, caused by different genetic, infectious, or vascular etiologies and is associated with significant neurological morbidity. Although MCD are rarely diagnosed prenatally, both dedicated multiplanar neurosonography and magnetic resonance imaging enable good demonstration of fetal cortical development. The imaging signs of fetal MCD are: delayed or absent cerebral sulcation; premature abnormal sulci; thin and irregular hemispheric parenchyma; wide abnormal overdeveloped gyri; wide opening of isolated sulci; nodular bulging into the lateral ventricles; cortical clefts; intraparenchymal echogenic nodules; and cortical thickening. The postnatal and prenatal imaging features of four main malformations of cortical development—lissencephaly, cobblestone malformations, periventricular nodular heterotopia, and polymicrogyria—are described.
Whole-grain food consumption in Singaporean children aged 6–12 years
Authors: Neo Jia En , Binte Mohamed Salleh Saihah , Toh Yun Xuan , How Kesslyn Yan Ling , Tee Mervin , Mann Kay , Hopkins Sinead , Thielecke Frank , Seal Chris J. , Brownlee Iain A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPublic health bodies in many countries are attempting to increase population-wide habitual consumption of whole grains. Limited data on dietary habits exist in Singaporean children. The present study therefore aimed to assess whole grain consumption patterns in Singaporean children and compare these with dietary intake, physical activity and health parameters. Dietary intake (assessed by duplicate, multipass, 24-h food recalls), physical activity (by questionnaire) and anthropometric measurements were collected from a cross-section of 561 Singaporean children aged 6–12 years. Intake of whole grains was evaluated using estimates of portion size and international food composition data. Only 38·3 % of participants reported consuming whole grains during the dietary data collection days. Median intake of whole grains in consumers was 15·3 (interquartile range 5·4–34·8) g/d. The most commonly consumed whole-grain food groups were rice (29·5 %), wholemeal bread (28·9 %) and ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (18·8 %). A significantly lower proportion of Malay children (seven out of fifty-eight; P < 0·0001) consumed whole grains than children of other ethnicities. Only 6 % of all children consumed the amount of whole grains most commonly associated with improved health outcomes (48 g/d). There was no relationship between whole grain consumption patterns and BMI, waist circumference or physical activity but higher whole grain intake was associated with increased fruit, vegetable and dairy product consumption (P < 0·001). These findings demonstrate that consumption of whole grain foods is low at a population level and infrequent in Singaporean children. Future drives to increase whole-grain food consumption in this population are likely to require input from multiple stakeholders.