bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analytical Overview of Spirituality in NANDA‐I Taxonomies
Authors: Mesquita Ana Cláudia , Caldeira Sílvia , Chaves Erika , Carvalho Emilia Campos de 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVETo discuss the approach of spirituality in NANDA‐I taxonomies, based on the elements that characterize this phenomenon.METHODSThis study was based on concepts that are usually adopted in the literature for defining spirituality and on the analysis of the NANDA‐I taxonomies from I to III.FINDINGSSpirituality is included in all taxonomies but all three are missing some attributes to guarantee the completeness of this dimension for nursing diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSTaxonomy III makes different approaches to spirituality and some inconsistencies.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSINGContribute to the development and review of the new proposal for taxonomy.OBJETIVODiscutir a abordagem à espiritualidade nas taxonomias da NANDA‐I, baseada nos elementos que caracterizam este fenômeno.MÉTODOSEste estudo foi baseado em conceitos usualmente adotados na literatura de enfermagem para definir espiritualidade e na análise das taxonomias da NANDA‐I, desde a I à III.RESULTADOSA espiritualidade está incluída nas taxonomias, porém estas carecem de atributos do seu conceito.CONCLUSÕESA taxonomia III faz diferentes abordagens à espiritualidade, porém com algumas inconsistências identificadas.IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A ENFERMAGEMEsta análise pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento e revisão da taxonomia III.
Comparative biology, predation capacity and effect of an artificial diet on reproductive parameters of green lacewing Mallada boninensis (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: Rahman Azizur , Handique Gautam , Roy Somnath 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Investigations were undertaken to clarify the biology of green lacewing Mallada boninensis on its hosts Helopeltis theivora and Oligonychus coffeae, which are two major arthropod pests of tea crop and on an artificial diet. No significant variations were recorded in terms of preoviposition period, oviposition period, oviposition rate, total eggs, hatching success, larval survival and adult emergence when M. boninensis was reared on both hosts. However, all larval instars and pupal development time, as well as adult longevity, were significantly shorter when M. boninesis was reared on H. theivora.
We also provide the first report on the predatory potential of M. boninensis against H. theivora. The feeding efficiency of M. boninensis increased with the advancement of each developmental stage. The third‐instar larvae of M. boninensis consumed more H. theivora individuals (28.4 ± 1.50) than the first (7 ± 1.11) and second (24.2 ± 1.81) instars over its entire duration.
The artificial diet produced significantly superior results in terms of fecundity, hatching success, larval survival and adult emergence when M. boninensis was reared on it compared with when it was reared on H. theivora and O. coffeae.
The findings of the present study indicate that M. boninensis can be effectively utilized in integrated pest management programmes for controlling some major arthropod pests of tea by suitably mass rearing them followed by augmentative release.
Electrocardiographic characteristics in individuals with cocaine use disorder
Authors: Mahoney James J. , Haile Colin N. , De La Garza Richard , Thakkar Harsh , Newton Thomas F. 
Published: March 2017

Background and ObjectivesChronic cocaine use has been linked to several abnormalities in cardiac functioning. The objective of this study was to further characterize baseline heart rate and electrocardiograph (ECG) profiles of individuals with cocaine use disorder (CUD) by evaluating demographic and drug use variables that may impact cardiovascular profiles.MethodsParticipants with CUD (n = 335, primarily African‐American males) provided demographic and drug use data and ECG profiles (eg, heart rate, PR Interval, QRS, and QTc) were obtained via 12‐lead ECG.ResultsForty‐eight percent and ten percent of cocaine users met criteria for sinus bradycardia (heart rate ≤60) and severe bradycardia (heart rate ≤50), respectively. Females had significantly higher heart rate (p = .020, d = .30) and QTc (p < .001, d = .75) and significantly lower QRS (p = .002, d = .42) in comparison to males. Those who were cocaine positive had higher QTc (p = .025, d = .26) with a higher prevalence of bradycardia (chi‐square = 3.91, p = .048) than those who were negative. Cocaine users who also used alcohol had significantly lower PR Interval (p = .003, d = .36), QRS (p = .014, d = .29), and QTc (p = .037, d = .25) than those who denied alcohol use.ConclusionsThese findings characterize the baseline heart rate and ECG profiles of individuals with CUD, confirm previous reports of cocaine‐induced alterations in cardiovascular function, and demonstrate factors impacting cardiovascular profiles.Scientific SignificanceWhile exploratory, these results suggest the presence of bradycardia may serve as a useful biomarker for initiating therapy for individuals with CUD and averting potential adverse cardiovascular events. Future prospective studies are needed to assess this possibility. (Am J Addict 2017;26:221–227)
The Vicarious Bases of Perceived Injustice
Authors: Mondak Jeffery J. , Hurwitz Jon , Peffley Mark , Testa Paul 
Published: March 2017

AbstractProfound differences exist in how Americans from various racial and ethnic groups view police and court officials. We argue that vicarious experiences contribute to this racial and ethnic divide. Drawing on research on social communication, social network composition, and negativity biases in perception and judgment, we devise a theoretical framework to articulate why vicarious experiences magnify racial and ethnic disparities in evaluations of judicial actors. Four hypotheses are tested using original survey data from the state of Washington. Results provide strong evidence that vicarious experiences influence citizens’ evaluations of both police and courts, and they do so in a manner that widens racial divides in how those actors are perceived.
An improved test of equality of mean directions for the Langevin‐von Mises‐Fisher distribution
Authors: Rumcheva Pavlina , Presnell Brett 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA multi‐sample test for equality of mean directions is developed for populations having Langevin‐von Mises‐Fisher distributions with a common unknown concentration. The proposed test statistic is a monotone transformation of the likelihood ratio. The high‐concentration asymptotic null distribution of the test statistic is derived. In contrast to previously suggested high‐concentration tests, the high‐concentration asymptotic approximation to the null distribution of the proposed test statistic is also valid for large sample sizes with any fixed nonzero concentration parameter. Simulations of size and power show that the proposed test outperforms competing tests. An example with three‐dimensional data from an anthropological study illustrates the practical application of the testing procedure.
Isolation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells From Peripheral Blood of ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Pieper Ina Laura , Smith Rachel , Bishop Joanna C. , Aldalati Omar , Chase Alex J. , Morgan Gareth , Thornton Catherine A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown therapeutic potential in the treatment of myocardial infarction patients. However, bone marrow requires invasive harvesting techniques. Therefore, the aim was to carry out a feasibility study of using autologous peripheral blood (PB) as a source for MSCs and platelet lysate (PL), a potential novel therapeutic intervention in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Autologous PL and MSCs were prepared from STEMI patient and healthy control blood. MSCs were analyzed by trilineage differentiation and flow cytometry. PB MSCs were isolated from 83% of patients (n = 6) but not from controls. The use of PL was feasible in the first passage but not in subsequent ones due to volume. To conclude, PB is a promising alternative to bone marrow. It negates the need for invasive harvesting techniques, and reduces hemorrhagic risk in this patient population routinely managed with anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents.
Birth asphyxia measured by the pH value of the umbilical cord blood may predict an increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Mikkelsen Susanne Hvolgaard , Olsen Jørn , Bech Bodil Hammer , Wu Chunsen , Liew Zeyan , Gissler Mika , Obel Carsten , Arah Onyebuchi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimAlthough birth asphyxia is a major risk factor for neonatal and childhood morbidity and mortality, it has not been investigated much in relation to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We examined whether birth asphyxia measured by the pH of the blood in the umbilical artery cord was associated with childhood ADHD.MethodA population‐based cohort of 295 687 children born in Finland between 1991 and 2002 was followed until December 31, 2007. ADHD was identified by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th edition, as a diagnosis of hyperkinetic disorder. We examined the risk of ADHD with varying pH values using Cox regression, taking time trends into consideration.ResultsWhen compared to the reference group, a pH value below 7.10 was significantly associated with an increased risk of ADHD. The strongest risks were observed among children with a pH value <7.15 and a gestational age of <32 weeks. The pH value did not contribute much to the risk among children with an Apgar score of 0–3.ConclusionBirth asphyxia, defined by low pH value, may predict an increased risk of ADHD in childhood. The association between the pH value and ADHD was homogenous when stratified by gestational age and the Apgar score.
Pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid in neonates and infants undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Gertler Ralph , Gruber Michael , Grassin‐Delyle Stanislas , Urien Saïk , Martin Klaus , Tassani‐Prell Peter , Braun Siegmund , Burg Simon , Wiesner Gunther 
Published: March 2017

AimTranexamic acid (TXA) continues to be one of the antifibrinolytics of choice during paediatric cardiac surgery. However, in infants less than 1 year of age, the optimal dosing based on pharmacokinetic (PK) considerations is still under discussion.MethodsForty‐three children less than 1 year of age were enrolled, of whom 37 required the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and six were operated on without CPB. Administration of 50 mg kg–1 TXA intravenously at the induction of anaesthesia was followed by 50 mg kg–1 into the CPB prime in the CPB group. Plasma concentrations of TXA were analysed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. PK data were investigated using nonlinear mixed‐effect models.ResultsA two‐compartment model was fitted, with the main covariates being allometrically scaled bodyweight, CPB, postmenstrual age (PMA). Intercompartmental clearance (Q), peripheral volume (V2), systemic clearance, (CL) and the central volume (V1) were calculated. Typical values of the PK parameter estimates were as follows: CL = 3.78 [95 % confidence interval (CI) 2.52, 5.05] l h–1; central volume of distribution = 13.6 (CI 11.7, 15.5) l; Q = 16.3 (CI 13.5, 19.2) l h–1; V2 = 18.0 (CI 16.1, 19.9) l. Independently of age, 10 mg kg–1 TXA as a bolus, a subsequent infusion of 10 mg kg–1 h–1, then a 4 mg kg−1 bolus into the prime and a reduced infusion of 4 mg kg–1 h–1 after the start of CPB are required to maintain TXA concentrations continuously above 20 μg ml–1, the threshold value for an effective inhibition of fibrinolysis and far lower than the usual peak concentrations (the ‘10‐10‐4‐4 rule’).ConclusionsThe introduction of a modified dosing regimen using a starting bolus followed by an infusion and a CPB prime bolus would prohibit the potential risk of seizures caused by high peak concentrations and also maintain therapeutic plasma concentration above 20 μg ml–1.
Feasibility of laser trabeculoplasty in angle closure glaucoma: a review of favourable histopathological findings in narrow angles
Authors: Matos Alexis Galeno , Asrani Sanjay G , Paula Jayter Silva 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSelective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) has been indicated as a safe and efficient treatment for primary open‐angle glaucoma; however, recent studies have also shown positive results with the use of SLT in some clinical conditions related to primary angle‐closure glaucoma (PACG). Despite the potential benefits of SLT in selected cases of PACG, the mechanisms underlying the modifications in the trabecular meshwork tissue of patients with PACG are poorly understood. This narrative review approached both the current, limited knowledge about the histological changes observed in different forms of PACG and the clinical results of SLT treatment for PACG. Favourable outcomes of SLT in patients with PACG, specifically in areas of non‐occluded angle, need further substantiation through large controlled clinical trials. A deeper understanding of the biomolecular changes of those areas is essential to improve both laser technical details and the clinical efficacy of SLT therapy.
Management of pinna haematoma study (MaPHaeS): A multicentre retrospective observational study
Authors: Vijendren A. , Coates M. , Smith M.E. , Ajayi O.V. , Al‐Dhahir W. , Bewick J. , Bowles P.F. , Coyle P. , Davies‐Husband C.R. , Erskine S.E. , Halliday E. , Kaleva A.I. , Lau A. , Langstaff L. , Mathew E. , Meghji S. , Testera A. , Thomas J.R.V. , Eisenhut M. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo assess current variation in the management of pinna haematoma (PH) and its effect on outcomes.DesignMulticentre retrospective observational record‐based study.SettingEleven hospitals around the UK.ParticipantsEighty‐three patients above the age of 16 with PH.Outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was recurrence rate of PH over a 6‐month period post‐treatment, assessed by treatment type (scalpel incision vs needle aspiration). Secondary outcome measures assessed the impact of other factors on recurrence, infection and cosmetic complications of PH over a period of 6 months.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, involvement of the whole ear, and management within an operating theatre were associated with a lower rate of recurrence of pinna haematoma. The drainage technique, suspected aetiology, choice of post‐drainage management, grade and specialty of practitioner performing drainage, the use of antibiotic cover and hospital admission did not affect the rate of haematoma recurrence, infection or cosmetic complications.ConclusionsWhere possible PH should be drained in an operating theatre. Multicentre randomized controlled trials are required to further investigate the impact of drainage technique and post‐drainage management on outcome.
Peak nasal inspiratory flow correlates with quality of life in functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Whitcroft K.L. , Andrews P.J. , Randhawa P.S. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesWhilst nasal function and airflow improve subjectively following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), a clinically useful and objective tool for quantifying such improvement is lacking. The peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) metre offers convenient and objective measures of nasal patency. However, it has not yet been established whether changes in PNIF after surgery reflect changes in subjective disease burden. In this study we aimed to determine whether changes in PNIF correlate with commonly used subjective symptom and quality of life outcome measures following FESS for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).DesignProspective cohort.SettingRoyal National Throat Nose and Ear Hospital.ParticipantsThirty‐seven patients undergoing FESS for CRS, with or without polyps (21 male, mean age 48.8).Main outcome measuresPNIF, “SNOT‐22”, “NOSE” and “VAS” questionnaires were performed before and after surgery.ResultsIn all patients, there was a strong negative correlation between change in PNIF and change in “SNOT‐22” score following surgery (Pearson r=−.64, P<.0001). Strong negative correlations were also seen during subgroup analysis of patients with and without polyps (r=−.57, P=.006 and r=−.67, P=.005, respectively). Change in PNIF correlated significantly with change in “NOSE” score following surgery in all patients and those without polyps (r=−.54, P=.0005 and r=−.68, P=.003). There were no significant correlations between PNIF and VAS (nasal obstruction).ConclusionsChanges in PNIF after FESS appear to best reflect improvements in quality of life in CRS as measured using the “SNOT‐22” questionnaire.
Echocardiographic linear fractional shortening for quantification of right ventricular systolic function—A cardiac magnetic resonance validation study
Authors: Srinivasan Aparna , Kim Jiwon , Khalique Omar , Geevarghese Alexi , Rusli Melissa , Shah Tara , Di Franco Antonino , Alakbarli Javid , Goldburg Samantha , Rozenstrauch Meenakshi , Devereux Richard B. , Weinsaft Jonathan W. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundEchocardiography (echo)‐based linear fractional shortening (FS) is widely used to assess left ventricular dysfunction (LVdys), but has not been systematically tested for right ventricular dysfunction (RVdys).MethodsThe population comprised LVdys patients with and without RVdys (EF<50%) on cardiac MRI (CMR): Echo included standard RV indices (fractional area change [FAC], TAPSE, Sʹ, and FS in parasternal long‐axis (RV outflow tract [RVOT]) and apical four‐chamber views (width [RVWD], length [RVLG]).ResultsA total of 168 patients underwent echo and CMR (3±3 days); FAC (46±9 vs 28±11), TAPSE (1.9±0.4 vs 1.5±0.3), and Sʹ (11.4±2.3 vs 10.0±2.6, all P≤.001) were lower among RVdys patients, as were FS indices (RVOT 32±8 vs 17±10 | RVWD 40±11 vs 22±12 | RVLG 16±5 vs 9±4%; all P<.001). FS indices yielded similar magnitude of correlation with CMR RVEF (r=.73‐.56) as did FAC (r=.70), which was slightly higher than TAPSE (r=.47) and Sʹ (r=.31; all P<.001). FS indices decreased stepwise vs CMR RVEF tertiles, as did FAC (all P<.001). In multivariate analysis, FS in RVOT (regression coefficient .51 [CI 0.37‐0.65]), RVWD (0.30 [0.19‐0.41]), and RVLG (0.45 [0.20‐0.71]; all P≤.001) was independently associated with CMR RVEF. FS indices yielded good overall diagnostic performance (AUC: RVOT 0.89 [CI 0.82‐0.97] | RVWD 0.87 [0.78‐0.96] | RVLG 0.80 [0.70‐0.90]; all P<.001) for CMR‐defined RVdy (RVEF<50%).ConclusionsRV linear FS provides RV functional indices that parallel CMR RVEF. Parasternal long‐axis RVOT width, four‐chamber RV width, and length are independently associated with RVEF, supporting use of multiple FS indices for RV functional assessment.
Trophic pathways supporting Arctic grayling in a small stream on the Arctic Coastal Plain, Alaska
Authors: McFarland Jason J. , Wipfli Mark S. , Whitman Matthew S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBeaded streams are prominent across the Arctic Coastal Plain (ACP) of Alaska, yet prey flow and food web dynamics supporting fish inhabiting these streams are poorly understood. Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) are a widely distributed upper‐level consumer on the ACP and migrate into beaded streams to forage during the short 3‐month open‐water season. We investigated energy pathways and key prey resources that support grayling in a representative beaded stream, Crea Creek. We measured terrestrial invertebrates entering the stream from predominant riparian vegetation types, prey types supporting a range of fish size classes, and how riparian plants and fish size influenced foraging habits. We found that riparian plants influenced the quantity of terrestrial invertebrates entering Crea Creek; however, these differences were not reflected in fish diets. Prey type and size ingested varied with grayling size and season. Small grayling (<15 cm fork length (FL)) consumed mostly aquatic invertebrates early in the summer, and terrestrial invertebrates later in summer, while larger fish (>15 cm FL) foraged most heavily on ninespine stickleback (Pungitius pungitius) throughout the summer, indicating that grayling can be insectivorous and piscivorous, depending on size. These findings underscore the potential importance of small streams in Arctic ecosystems as key summer foraging habitats for fish. Understanding trophic pathways supporting stream fishes in these systems will help interpret whether and how petroleum development and climate change may affect energy flow and stream productivity, terrestrial–aquatic linkages and fishes in Arctic ecosystems.
Shifting paradigms in restoration of the world's coral reefs
Authors: van Oppen Madeleine J. H. , Gates Ruth D. , Blackall Linda L. , Cantin Neal , Chakravarti Leela J. , Chan Wing Y. , Cormick Craig , Crean Angela , Damjanovic Katarina , Epstein Hannah , Harrison Peter L. , Jones Thomas A. , Miller Margaret , Pears Rachel J. , Peplow Lesa M. , Raftos David A. , Schaffelke Britta , Stewart Kristen , Torda Gergely , Wachenfeld David , Weeks Andrew R. , Putnam Hollie M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMany ecosystems around the world are rapidly deteriorating due to both local and global pressures, and perhaps none so precipitously as coral reefs. Management of coral reefs through maintenance (e.g., marine‐protected areas, catchment management to improve water quality), restoration, as well as global and national governmental agreements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (e.g., the 2015 Paris Agreement) is critical for the persistence of coral reefs. Despite these initiatives, the health and abundance of corals reefs are rapidly declining and other solutions will soon be required. We have recently discussed options for using assisted evolution (i.e., selective breeding, assisted gene flow, conditioning or epigenetic programming, and the manipulation of the coral microbiome) as a means to enhance environmental stress tolerance of corals and the success of coral reef restoration efforts. The 2014–2016 global coral bleaching event has sharpened the focus on such interventionist approaches. We highlight the necessity for consideration of alternative (e.g., hybrid) ecosystem states, discuss traits of resilient corals and coral reef ecosystems, and propose a decision tree for incorporating assisted evolution into restoration initiatives to enhance climate resilience of coral reefs.
Methane Occurrences in Aquifers Overlying the Barnett Shale Play with a Focus on Parker County, Texas
Authors: Nicot Jean‐Philippe , Mickler Patrick , Larson Toti , Clara Castro M. , Darvari Roxana , Uhlman Kristine , Costley Ruth 
Published: March 2017

AbstractClusters of elevated methane concentrations in aquifers overlying the Barnett Shale play have been the focus of recent national attention as they relate to impacts of hydraulic fracturing. The objective of this study was to assess the spatial extent of high dissolved methane previously observed on the western edge of the play (Parker County) and to evaluate its most likely source. A total of 509 well water samples from 12 counties (14,500 km2) were analyzed for methane, major ions, and carbon isotopes. Most samples were collected from the regional Trinity Aquifer and show only low levels of dissolved methane (85% of 457 unique locations <0.1 mg/L). Methane, when present is primarily thermogenic (δ13C 10th and 90th percentiles of −57.54 and −39.00‰ and C1/C2+C3 ratio 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles of 5, 15, and 42). High methane concentrations (>20 mg/L) are limited to a few spatial clusters. The Parker County cluster area includes historical vertical oil and gas wells producing from relatively shallow formations and recent horizontal wells producing from the Barnett Shale (depth of ∼1500 m). Lack of correlation with distance to Barnett Shale horizontal wells, with distance to conventional wells, and with well density suggests a natural origin of the dissolved methane. Known commercial very shallow gas accumulations (<200 m in places) and historical instances of water wells reaching gas pockets point to the underlying Strawn Group of Paleozoic age as the main natural source of the dissolved gas.