bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psyllium husk mucilage as a novel seed encapsulant for agriculture and reforestation
Authors: Dingley Cameron , Cass Peter , Adhikari Benu , Bendre Prajakta , Mantri Nitin , Daver Fugen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionAn efficient, economical, and flexible reforestation system capable of uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) deployment is a global necessity. Hydrogels have been previously investigated for their use in agriculture, however, research is limited in terms of UAV deployment. Psyllium Husk Mucilage (PHM) a natural hydrogel seed mucilage, has been previously investigated in other agricultural settings and shows promise in fulfilling the needs of UAV seeding.Materials and MethodsA greenhouse trial was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions using two soil conditions 50% and 90% field capacity. PHM and bentonite clay blends containing dextran (DEX) and sodium alginate (SA) were tested for efficacy for two agricultural crops Green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) and Lebanese cucumber (Cucumis sativus), as well as three Australian native species Acacia stenophylla, Cymbopogon refractus, and Eucalyptus coolabah. Agricultural Trials were conducted across a 4‐week period, whilst A. stenophylla was 8 weeks, and C. refractus and E. coolabah was 12 weeks.ResultsUtilisation of PHM had varying effectiveness based on seed and soil moisture. In nonagricultural seed trials, PHM hydrogel succeeded with A. stenophylla but dried out and rotted in the extended trials with C. refractus and E. Coolabah, leading to plant death. The encapsulated agricultural seeds were largely outperformed in growth trials by C‐Planted at 50% FC, and C‐Surface at 90% FC.ConclusionPHM exhibits potential for successful UAV seeding in low‐moisture agricultural conditions and is promising for fast‐germinating plants or other riverbank species with high water content requirements. Without extending degradation time PHM is not suitable for slow‐growing species.
Impact of Surface Modification on the Oxidation of Linear Aliphatic Alcohols by Vanadium Complexes Supported on Merrifield Resin with Mixed Functionality Ligands
Authors: Kachhap Payal , Chaudhary Nikita , Haldar Chanchal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTwo oxidovanadium(IV) complexes [VO(xbp‐sc)] (1) and [VO(xbp‐tc)] (2) were prepared using hydrazine‐ether mixed functionality ligands Hxbp‐sc (I) and Hxbp‐tc (II), respectively. Complexes 1 and 2 were carefully grafted separately into imidazole‐modified chloromethylated polystyrene (Ps−Im) and unmodified chloromethylated polystyrene (PS−Cl) beads. Successfully anchored vanadium complexes Ps−Im‐[VO(xbp‐sc)] (3), Ps−Im‐[VO(xbp‐tc)] (4), Ps‐[VO(xbp‐sc)] (5), and Ps‐[VO(xbp‐tc)] (6) were tested for their catalytic potential towards the oxidation of aliphatic alcohols in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Polymer‐grafted catalysts display excellent substrate conversion compared to most recent reports and good recyclability up to three cycles without losing much reactivity. High TOF values in the range of 183–591 h−1 are observed for the supported catalysts 3–6. The highest substrate conversion is observed for ethanol (63–97 %) under the optimized reaction conditions. Mainly, better substrate conversion is obtained with imidazole‐modified polymer beads grafted catalysts 3 and 4 than those grafted on unmodified polymer beads (5 and 6). Moreover, catalysts with the semicarbazide group in their ligand framework (3 and 5) show better reactivity towards alcohol with fewer carbon atoms. On the contrary, alcohols with longer carbon chains oxidize more easily in the presence of the catalyst with thiosemicarbazide frameworks (4 and 6).
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evaluation, Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulations of Novel 2,3‐Disubstituted Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one Derivatives
Authors: Verma Priyanka , Xiang Lai Zhen , Chaube Udit , Natesan Gopal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe rise of multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDROs) represents a significant challenge to healthcare, underscoring the need for novel antimicrobial agents. Quinazolinone compounds, noted for their diverse biological activities, particularly at the 2nd and 3rd positions, in conjunction with sulphanilamide and isatin derivatives, present a promising avenue for antibacterial development. This study focuses on the synthesis of novel 2,3‐disubstituted quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one derivatives from Schiff base intermediates GA3A and GA3B. The synthesis involved the reaction of 2‐(substituted phenyl)‐4H‐benzo[d][1,3]‐oxazin‐4‐one with sulphanilamide, and the benzoxazinone intermediates were prepared by reacting anthranilic acid with benzoyl chloride. The antibacterial activities of the Schiff base intermediates and the final Mannich base compounds were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at concentrations of 50 µg/mL and 100 µg/mL using the agar well diffusion method, with Norfloxacin (50 µg/mL) as the reference standard. While all tested compounds exhibited lower antibacterial activity compared to the standard, GA4A1 showed enhanced efficacy against E. coli, achieving the highest docking score of 78.0352 against the E. coli protein (PDB ID: 1KZN). Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the GA4A1‐E. coli complex stabilized after 40,000 ps, with root mean square deviation (RMSD) values ranging from 2.5 Å to 5 Å and low root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) values between 0.05 Å and 0.2 Å, indicating the stability of the complex. These findings underscore GA4A1’s potential as a potent antimicrobial agent against E. coli.
Synthesis and Density Functional Theory Study on the Functionalization of Carbon Nanotube Conjugates with Amino Compounds and Their Application in Dyeing Processes
Authors: Khalaf Qadoori Zedan , Mohsen Moneer K. , Al‐Salihi Kareem Jumaah Jibrael , Omer Rebaz Anwar , Azeez Yousif Hussein 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the functionalization of graphene nanotube (GNTs) conjugates with an amino compound called 1‐amino‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐naphthalene sulfonic acid (AHNSA‐GNTs). The study also evaluates the potential application of these conjugates in dyeing processes. The goal is to modify GNTs to enhance their interaction with dyes, thus improving the efficiency of dyeing textiles and the colorfastness of the resulting products. Multiple characterization methods, such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to get a better look at the composites. The findings of the study indicate that AHNSA‐GNTs composites improve dye retention on wool fibers, which leads to a reduction in the consumption of excess dye and water. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were utilized to investigate the electronic properties and binding energies of the functionalized CNTs, providing insights into the molecular interactions between the CNTs and amino compounds. Overall, this study highlights the promising applications of graphene nanotubes in sustainable textile processes. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and global reactivity descriptors serve as key tools for understanding the stability and chemical reactivity of compounds. These tools were used to calculate FMOs and electronic parameters of compounds 1 and 2 at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory. The study examined the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)‐lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap, which provides insights into molecular stability and reactivity. Various physical properties were derived from these calculations, including electron affinity (EA) and ionization potential (IP) to LUMO and HOMO energies. Compound 2 emerged as the most efficient electron donor, possessing the highest HOMO energy, while compound 1 excelled as the best electron acceptor with the highest LUMO energy.
Synthesis of Multifunctional Chemosensors for Naked Eye Detection of Cu2+ and Hg2+; Application in Paper Strips, Water, and Food Sample
Authors: Dhawale Annasaheb , Trivedi Darshak R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThree chemosensors ISA‐1, ISA‐2, and ISA‐3 were synthesized for the detection of Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions in a 50% H₂O‐DMF solution. ISA‐1 is specifically designed for the detection of Cu2+ ions, while ISA‐2 can detect both Cu2⁺ and Hg2⁺ ions. Upon interaction with Cu2⁺, ISA‐1 undergoes a naked‐eye colorimetric transition from pink to blue. ISA‐2 exhibits a similar pink‐to‐blue color change in the presence of Cu2+ ion, however, colorless when exposed to Hg2+ ion. The detection limits for Cu2+ using ISA‐1 and ISA‐2 are 0.574 ppm and 0.0074 ppm, respectively, both of which are significantly lower than the WHO guideline of ≤1.5 ppm for Cu2+ in drinking water. These chemosensors have also been successfully integrated into paper strips and logic gate systems and applied for the analysis of water and food samples.
Transition Metal–Free Synthesis of Vinyl Nitriles from Aldehydes with Acetonitrile at Room Temperature
Authors: Li Qing , Liu Wenjing , Xie Yuyao , Zhao Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA simple and mild protocol for the direct synthesis of vinyl nitriles is described. By employing potassium trimethylsilanolate as the mild base and benzyl chloride as the efficient promoter, a series of E‐configured vinyl nitriles are selectively obtained from readily available aldehydes and acetonitrile at room temperature without the aid of a transition metal catalyst. Mechanistical investigations reveal that this transformation may go through a Knoevenagel condensation process.
What can we do for obstructive sleep apnea patients in China?
Authors: Zhang Ranxu , Ou Qiong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a heterogeneous disease, having diversity in symptom, polysomnography parameter, etc. Studies have found that apnea–hypopnea index as a single measure cannot reflect its heterogeneity. More personalized diagnostic criteria and treatment measures are needed. But there are different kinds of results with different races and regions. It is essential to consider the characteristics of the local population when formulating individual treatment plan. There are significant discrepancies between Chinese and White race in terms of morphologic features, daily habits, religious beliefs and so on. However, the research based on the Chinese population still suffers from scarcity. This review sums up recent progress of studies on OSA from the Chinese population to provide useful references for related research and treatment in the future.
Boosted Near‐Infrared Photothermal Conversion in Rare Earth Ions‐Doped 2D SnSe Nanosheets for Solar‐Powered Water Evaporation Systems
Authors: Hu Jinhua , Yao Xin , Han Keyu , Ge Yumeng , Xu Shiqing , Bai Gongxun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSolar‐powered water evaporation as a clean and abundant renewable energy‐efficient desalination technology provides a promising strategy to solve the shortage of freshwater resources. However, the development and application of solar vapor technology are hindered by the relatively low near‐infrared photothermal conversion efficiency of existing materials and the lack of effective improvement strategies. In this work, the conductivity characteristics of 2D semiconductors are capitalized on the high visible light absorption and ultra‐low thermal. Specifically, rare‐earth ion dopants into SnSe nanosheets, significantly boosting their near‐infrared photothermal conversion efficiency and solar water evaporation performance are introduced. Remarkably, the photothermal conversion efficiency of the doped SnSe nanosheets surged from 51.56% to 82.11%, surpassing many previously reported photothermal materials. Furthermore, leveraging these nanosheets with enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency, a solar interfacial evaporation system is constructed. The evaporation rate of 2.17 kg m−2 h−1 and the efficiency of 96.5% can be achieved at one solar irradiance, and it also has good salt‐resistance properties. The findings demonstrate the potential of rare earth ion‐doped 2D semiconductor nanosheets in solar water evaporation, paving the way for future sustainable desalination solutions.
A Methyl‐Engineered DNAzyme for Endogenous Alkyltransferase Monitoring and Self‐Sufficient Gene Regulation
Authors: He Yuqiu , Wang Qing , Zhang Qingqing , Wang Yifei , Jiang Yuqian , Zhao Qiu , Liu Xiaoqing , Wang Fuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe on‐demand gene regulation is crucial for extensively exploring specific gene functions and developing personalized gene therapeutics, which shows great promise in precision medicines. Although some nucleic acid‐based gene regulatory tools (antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs) are devised for achieving on‐demand activation, the introduction of chemical modifications may cause undesired side effects, thereby impairing the gene regulatory efficacy. Herein, a methyl‐engineered DNAzyme (MeDz) is developed for the visualization of endogenous alkyltransferase (AGT) and the simultaneous self‐sufficiently on‐demand gene regulation. The catalytic activity of DNAzyme can be efficiently blocked by O6‐methylguanine (O6MeG) modification and specifically restored via the AGT‐mediated DNA‐repairing pathway. This simply designed MeDz is demonstrated to reveal AGT of varying expression levels in different cells, opening the possibility to explore the AGT‐related biological processes. Moreover, the AGT‐guided MeDz exhibits cell‐selective regulation on the human early growth response‐1 (EGR‐1) gene, with efficient gene repression in breast cancer cells and low effectiveness in normal cells. The proposed MeDz offers an attractive strategy for on‐demand gene regulation, displaying great potential in biomedical applications.
Deciphering the genetic basis of novel traits that discriminate useful and non‐useful biomass to enhance harvest index in wheat
Authors: Shahi Dipendra , Guo Jia , Babar Md Ali , Pradhan Sumit , Avci Muhsin , Khan Naeem , McBreen Jordan , Rayamajhi Smita , Liu Zhao , Bai Guihua , Amand Paul St. , Bernardo Amy , Reynolds Matthew , Molero Gemma , Sukumaran Sivakumar , Foulkes John , Khan Jahangir 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production must be doubled in the next 25 years to meet the global food demand. Harvest index (HI) is an important indicator of efficient partitioning of photosynthetic assimilates to grains. Reducing competition from alternative sinks, such as stems, and deviating assimilates toward grain increase grain number (GN), HI, and grain yield (GY). Novel partitioning traits have great potential to be utilized in wheat breeding programs to increase HI. In this study, we evaluated 236 US facultative soft wheat genotypes for multiple stem and spike partitioning traits at 7 days after anthesis, and for GN, HI, and GY in two locations of Florida in 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 wheat growing seasons. The panel was genotyped with 20,706 single nucleotide polymorphisms generated by genotype‐by‐sequencing approach. Spike partitioning index (SPI) showed negative significant correlations with lamina partitioning index and true stem partitioning index. Internode 2 and 3 lengths and partitioning indices had significant negative correlations with SPI and HI. The results indicate enhanced competition for assimilates between spikes and second and third internodes during stem elongation. Genome‐wide association study (GWAS) identified 114 unique significant marker‐trait associations (MTAs) for 12 traits, and 58 MTAs were found within genes that encode different proteins related to biotic/abiotic stress tolerance and other functions. Significant MTAs identified in the GWAS were converted into kompetitive allele specific PCR markers. Some of the markers were validated and can be effectively employed in marker‐assisted selection to improve HI, GY, and GN.
Exploring Saccharomycotina Yeast Ecology Through an Ecological Ontology Framework
Authors: Harrison Marie‐Claire , Opulente Dana A. , Wolters John F. , Shen Xing‐Xing , Zhou Xiaofan , Groenewald Marizeth , Hittinger Chris Todd , Rokas Antonis , LaBella Abigail Leavitt 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTYeasts in the subphylum Saccharomycotina are found across the globe in disparate ecosystems. A major aim of yeast research is to understand the diversity and evolution of ecological traits, such as carbon metabolic breadth, insect association, and cactophily. This includes studying aspects of ecological traits like genetic architecture or association with other phenotypic traits. Genomic resources in the Saccharomycotina have grown rapidly. Ecological data, however, are still limited for many species, especially those only known from species descriptions where usually only a limited number of strains are studied. Moreover, ecological information is recorded in natural language format limiting high throughput computational analysis. To address these limitations, we developed an ontological framework for the analysis of yeast ecology. A total of 1,088 yeast strains were added to the Ontology of Yeast Environments (OYE) and analyzed in a machine‐learning framework to connect genotype to ecology. This framework is flexible and can be extended to additional isolates, species, or environmental sequencing data. Widespread adoption of OYE would greatly aid the study of macroecology in the Saccharomycotina subphylum.
The Particularities of Romanian Management
Authors: Văduva Sebastian , Prisac Igor , Lîsîi Aliona 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the global landscape of business, effective leadership and collaboration hinge upon understanding and managing individuals within diverse cultural contexts. This article delves into the intricate tapestry of Romanian management practices, spotlighting the profound impact of culture, history, and socioeconomic factors on managerial philosophies. Positioned at the crossroads of Eastern and Western influences, Romania offers a compelling case study, showcasing a blend of tradition, innovation, and resilience in its managerial approach. Drawing on historical narratives and socioeconomic transitions, this article examines seven distinct characteristics that define Romanian management. Firstly, it explores the emphasis on relationship-oriented leadership, where familial bonds and interpersonal connections foster a supportive and cohesive work environment. Secondly, it highlights the innate flexibility and malleability ingrained in Romanian managers, enabling them to navigate through uncertainties with agility and strategic foresight. Moreover, the article sheds light on the prevalence of hierarchical structures and centralized decision-making, reflecting a cultural preference for strong leadership and clear chains of command. It also delves into the nuances of indirect communication, where diplomacy and subtlety play pivotal roles in navigating business negotiations. Furthermore, it explores the reverence for authority and formality, which permeate professional interactions, while resilience and humour emerge as hallmarks of Romanian management, enabling organizations to weather adversity with grace and determination.
Digital Twins and E-Learning: Navigating Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Jankovskis Dzintars , Cirule Iveta , Carbone Anna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDigital Twin (DT) has gained significant traction over the last decade, and it has been defined many times from different perspectives by the academy and industry communities. Although DTs are widely used in e.g. manufacturing, healthcare, agriculture, their potential applications will soon extend and cover other domains. In this scenario, education is required to play a major role in building its own DT models for purposes ranging from academic to professional training. The DT technology in the education context is expected to enhance the outcomes and scopes of the standard digital e-learning approaches. A particular aspect of the research includes how the DT concept can be transferred over to e-learning and its technology adjusted for a virtual to virtual model. Furthermore, DT is a unique phenomenon, often misinterpreted, that need to be well-defined within a proper framework. In this work, we present the architecture of a Prototypical Digital Twin architecture and explain the importance of defining a framework for a DT-Learning concept.
Curating Reagents in Chemical Reaction Data with an Interactive Reagent Space Map
Authors: Andronov Mikhail , Andronova Natalia , Wand Michael , Schmidhuber Jürgen , Clevert Djork-Arné 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe increasing use of machine learning and artificial intelligence in chemical reaction studies demands high-quality reaction data, necessitating specialized tools enabling data understanding and curation. Our work introduces a novel methodology for reaction data examination centered on reagents - essential molecules in reactions that do not contribute atoms to products. We propose an intuitive tool for creating interactive reagent space maps using distributed vector representations, akin to word2vec in Natural Language Processing, capturing the statistics of reagent usage within datasets. Our approach enables swift assessment of reagent action patterns and identification of erroneous reagent entries, which we demonstrate using the USPTO dataset. Our contributions include an open-source web application for visual reagent pattern analysis and a table cataloging around six hundred of the most frequent reagents in USPTO annotated with detailed roles. Our method aims to support organic chemists and cheminformatics experts in reaction data curation routine.
Massive two-loop four-point Feynman integrals at high energies with AsyInt
Authors: Zhang Hantian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present analytic techniques for parametric integrations of massive two-loop four-point Feynman integrals at high energies, and their implementation in the toolbox AsyInt. In the high-energy region, the Feynman integrals involving external and internal massive particles, such as the top quark, Higgs and vector bosons, can be asymptotically expanded and directly calculated in the small-mass limit. With this approach, analytic results for higher-order terms in the expansion parameter and the dimensional regulator can be obtained with AsyInt. These results are important ingredients for the two-loop electroweak and QCD corrections for 2 → 2 scattering processes in the large transverse momenta region, which is relevant to both precision collider phenomenology and new physics searches at current and future high-energy colliders. In this paper, analytic results of representative planar and non-planar Feynman integrals are presented.
Gravitational production of completely dark photons with nonminimal couplings to gravity
Authors: Capanelli Christian , Jenks Leah , Kolb Edward W. , McDonough Evan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Dark photons are a theorized massive spin-1 particle which can be produced via various mechanisms, including cosmological gravitational particle production (GPP) in the early universe. In this work, we extend previous results for GPP of dark photons to include nonminimal couplings to gravity. We find that nonminimal couplings can induce a ghost instability or lead to runaway particle production at high momentum and discuss the constraints on the parameter space such that the theory is free of instabilities. Within the instability-free regime we numerically calculate the particle production and find that the inclusion of nonminimal couplings can lead to an enhancement of the particle number. As a result, GPP of nonminimally coupled dark photons can open the parameter space for production of a cosmological relevant relic density (constituting all or part of the dark matter) as compared to the minimally-coupled theory. These results are independent of the choice of inflation model, which we demonstrate by repeating the analysis for a class of rapid-turn multi-field inflation models.