bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insights into the Formation and Structures of Molecular Gels by Diimidazolium Salt Gelators in Ionic Liquids or “Normal” Solvents
Authors: Rizzo Carla , D'Anna Francesca , Noto Renato , Zhang Mohan , Weiss Richard G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInsights are provided into the properties of molecular gels formed by diimidazolium salts both in “normal” solvents and ionic liquids. These materials can be interesting for applications in green and sustainable chemistry in which ionic liquids play a significant role, like catalysis and energy. In particular, two positional isomers of a diimidazolium cation have been examined with a wide range of anions for their ability to form gel phases. In particular, di‐, tri‐, and tetravalent anions bearing aliphatic or aromatic spacers were paired with the divalent cations. The properties of the organo‐ and ionogels formed have been analyzed by means of several different techniques, including calorimetry, rheology, resonance light scattering, UV/Vis absorption, polarizing optical microscopy, and powder X‐ray diffraction measurements. The investigations performed enabled us to obtain a wide range of conductive materials characterized by a high thermal stability and a low corrosiveness of the gelator (organogels) or of both gelator and solvent (ionogels). The information gained should be useful in the broader quest to identify and promote their applications.
Tuning One‐Dimensional Nanostructures of Bola‐Like Peptide Amphiphiles by Varying the Hydrophilic Amino Acids
Authors: Zhao Yurong , Deng Li , Yang Wei , Wang Dong , Pambou Elias , Lu Zhiming , Li Zongyi , Wang Jiqian , King Stephen , Rogers Sarah , Xu Hai , Lu Jian R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBy combining experimental measurements and computer simulations, we here show that for the bola‐like peptide amphiphiles XI4X, where X=K, R, and H, the hydrophilic amino acid substitutions have little effect on the β‐sheet hydrogen‐bonding between peptide backbones. Whereas all of the peptides self‐assemble into one dimensional (1D) nanostructures with completely different morphologies, that is, nanotubes and helical nanoribbons for KI4K, flat and multilayered nanoribbons for HI4H, and twisted and bilayered nanoribbons for RI4R. These different 1D morphologies can be explained by the distinct stacking degrees and modes of the three peptide β‐sheets along the x‐direction (width) and the z‐direction (height), which microscopically originate from the hydrogen‐bonding ability of the sheets to solvent molecules and the pairing of hydrophilic amino acid side chains between β‐sheet monolayers through stacking interactions and hydrogen bonding. These different 1D nanostructures have distinct surface chemistry and functions, with great potential in various applications exploiting the respective properties of these hydrophilic amino acids.
An Ultrahydrophobic Fluorous Metal–Organic Framework Derived Recyclable Composite as a Promising Platform to Tackle Marine Oil Spills
Authors: Mukherjee Soumya , Kansara Ankit M. , Saha Debasis , Gonnade Rajesh , Mullangi Dinesh , Manna Biplab , Desai Aamod V. , Thorat Shridhar H. , Singh Puyam S. , Mukherjee Arnab , Ghosh Sujit K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDerived from a strategically chosen hexafluorinated dicarboxylate linker aimed at the designed synthesis of a superhydrophobic metal–organic framework (MOF), the fluorine‐rich nanospace of a water‐stable MOF (UHMOF‐100) exhibits excellent water‐repellent features. It registered the highest water contact angle (≈176°) in the MOF domain, marking the first example of an ultrahydrophobic MOF. Various experimental and theoretical studies reinforce its distinctive water‐repellent characteristics, and the conjugation of superoleophilicity and unparalleled hydrophobicity of a MOF material has been coherently exploited to achieve real‐time oil/water separation in recyclable membrane form, with significant absorption capacity performance. This is also the first report of an oil/water separating fluorinated ultrahydrophobic MOF‐based membrane material, with potential promise for tackling marine oil spillages.
Domino Radical Addition/Oxidation Sequence with Photocatalysis: One‐Pot Synthesis of Polysubstituted Furans from α‐Chloro‐Alkyl Ketones and Styrenes
Authors: Wang Shuang , Jia Wen‐Liang , Wang Lin , Liu Qiang , Wu Li‐Zhu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA new domino reaction has been developed that allows the combination of styrenes and α‐alkyl ketone radicals to afford a wide array of polysubstituted furans in good to excellent yields under mild and simple reaction conditions. The key to success of this novel protocol is the use of photocatalyst fac‐Ir(ppy)3 and oxidant K2S2O8. Mechanistic studies by a radical scavenger and photoluminescence quenching suggest that a radical addition/oxidation pathway is operable.
Cooperative Effects Between Arginine and Glutamic Acid in the Amino Acid‐Catalyzed Aldol Reaction
Authors: Valero Guillem , Moyano Albert 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCatalysis of the aldol reaction between cyclohexanone and 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde by mixtures of L‐Arg and of L‐Glu in wet dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) takes place with higher enantioselectivity (up to a 7‐fold enhancement in the anti‐aldol for the 1:1 mixture) than that observed when either L‐Glu or L‐Arg alone are used as the catalysts. These results can be explained by the formation of a catalytically active hydrogen‐bonded complex between both amino acids, and demonstrate the possibility of positive cooperative effects in catalysis by two different α‐amino acids. Chirality 28:599–605, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Geography and capital structure
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiao , Wang Jin , Johnson Lewis 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe investigate the impact of geographic location on firms’ capital structure decisions. We find strong evidence that location of a firm influences its capital structure. In particular, we find that centrally located firms have lower leverage ratios than do remotely located ones. Moreover, consistent with the hypothesis that those remotely located firms face more severe adverse selection problems, the effect of geographic location on capital structure is more pronounced when information asymmetry is higher. We further examine alternative explanations of the negative relation between firm geographic proximity and capital structure and show that the financial constraint effect and industry clustering effect do not explain our results. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement in thermo‐chemical stability of nanocomposite preformed particle gels for conformance control in harsh oil reservoir conditions
Authors: Saghafi Hamid Reza , Naderifar Abbas , Gerami Shahab , Emadi Mohammad Ali 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTGel treatment is one of the most promising technologies to improve conformance control in heterogeneous reservoirs. In this paper, new enhanced preformed particle gels (PPGs) are introduced for conformance control in high‐temperature and high‐salinity oil reservoirs. The thermo‐chemical stability of this product is due to the incorporation of a new monomer, N,N‐dimethyl acrylamide (DA), to the structure of the last well‐known nano‐composite PPGs. Four species, N,N‐dimethyl acrylamide, 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulphonic sodium salt (AMPSNa), acrylamide (AM), and N‐vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) monomers, were used to synthesize these PPGs via free radical cross‐linking polymerization at room temperature using N,N‐methylenebis (acrylamide) as a cross‐linker. The mechanical properties of these new classes of PPGs were enhanced by adding the nano‐clay montmorillonite Na+. A temperature stability agent was also used to make these special PPGs compatible with high temperature and salinity reservoir conditions. A systematic study on PPGs preparation was conducted to improve PPGs stability for harsh reservoir conditions that exist in Persian Gulf oil reservoirs (a temperature of 145 °C and a water total dissolved solid of 225 000 mg/L). PPGs prepared with 0.30 g/g (30 wt%) of a 2:1:1:2 molar mass ratio of AM, DA, NVP, and AMPSNa could be completely stable for the mentioned conditions. Rheological behaviours of these PPGs were investigated and a mathematical model for prediction of storage modulus up to onset of elastic to viscous phase was presented. The results of this study reveal useful insights about the selection of appropriate material for successful conformance control in the heterogeneous reservoirs.
Impact of Frailty and Other Geriatric Syndromes on Clinical Management and Outcomes in Elderly Patients With Non–ST‐Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes: Rationale and Design of the LONGEVO‐SCA Registry
Authors: Alegre Oriol , Ariza‐Solé Albert , Vidán María T. , Formiga Francesc , Martínez‐Sellés Manuel , Bueno Héctor , Sanchís Juan , López‐Palop Ramón , Abu‐Assi Emad , Cequier Àngel 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe incidence of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) is high in the elderly. Despite a high prevalence of frailty and other aging‐related variables, little information exists about the optimal clinical management in patients with coexisting geriatric syndromes. The aim of the LONGEVO‐SCA registry (Impacto de la Fragilidad y Otros Síndromes Geriátricos en el Manejo y Pronóstico Vital del Anciano con Síndrome Coronario Agudo sin Elevación de Segmento ST) is to assess the impact of aging‐related variables on clinical management, prognosis, and functional status in elderly patients with ACS. A series of 500 consecutive octogenarian patients with non–ST‐segment elevation ACS from 57 centers in Spain will be included. A comprehensive geriatric assessment will be performed during the admission, assessing functional status (Barthel Index, Lawton‐Brody Index), frailty (FRAIL scale, Short Physical Performance Battery), comorbidity (Charlson Index), nutritional status (Mini Nutritional Assessment–Short Form), and quality of life (Seattle Angina Questionnaire). Patients will be managed according to current recommendations. The primary outcome will be the description of mortality and its causes at 6 months. Secondary outcomes will be changes in functional status and quality of life. Results from this study might significantly improve the knowledge about the impact of aging‐related variables on management and outcomes of elderly patients with ACS. Clinical management of these patients has become a major health care problem due to the growing incidence of ACS in the elderly and its particularities.
A novel attack to track users based on the behavior patterns
Authors: Gu Xiaodan , Yang Ming , Shi Congcong , Ling Zhen , Luo Junzhou 
Published: June 2016

SummaryCurrently, people around the world daily use the Internet to access various services, such as e‐mail and online shopping. However, the behavior‐based tracking attacks have posed a considerable threat to users' privacy. Relying on characteristic patterns within the Internet activities, this attack can link a user's multiple sessions. In this paper, we investigate the behavior‐based tracking attack and propose some countermeasures to mitigate the threat. We preprocess the raw traffic data and then extract features ranging from lower layer network packets to high‐level application‐related traffic. Specifically, we focus on four types of application‐level traffic to infer users' habits, including HTTP, IM, e‐mail, and P2P. In addition, we extract the web queries entered into shopping websites and classify them to infer users' preferences. Then, we construct the preference models and propose an improved method. For evaluation, we collect traffic in the real‐world environment to construct a large‐scale dataset. Five hundred and nine users are selected in terms of the user's active degree. When the term frequency–inverse document frequency transformation is used, the improved method can identify an average of 93.79% instances correctly. Our extensive empirical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our approaches. Finally, we discuss and evaluate several countermeasures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sanguinarine Induces Apoptosis of Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma KB Cells via Inactivation of the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Lee Tae Kyung , Park Cheol , Jeong Soon‐Jeong , Jeong Moon‐Jin , Kim Gi‐Young , Kim Wun‐Jae , Choi Yung Hyun 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Preclinical Research

Sanguinarine, an alkaloid isolated from the root of Sanguinaria canadensis and other plants of the Papaveraceae family, selectively induces apoptotic cell death in a variety of human cancer cells, but its mechanism of action requires further elaboration. The present study investigated the pro‐apoptotic effects of sanguinarine in human oral squamous cell carcinoma KB cells. Sanguinarine treatment increased DR5/TRAILR2 (death receptor 5/TRAIL receptor 2) expression and enhanced the activation of caspase‐8 and cleavage of its substrate, Bid. Sanguinarine also induced the mitochondrial translocation of pro‐apoptotic Bax, mitochondrial dysfunction, cytochrome c release to the cytosol, and activation of caspase‐9 and ‐3. However, a pan‐caspase inhibitor, z‐VAD‐fmk, reversed the growth inhibition and apoptosis induced by sanguinarine. Sanguinarine also suppressed the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and Akt in KB cells, while co‐treatment of cells with sanguinarine and a PI3K inhibitor revealed synergistic apoptotic effects. However, pharmacological inhibition of AMP‐activated protein kinase and mitogen‐activated protein kinases did not reduce or enhance sanguinarine‐induced growth inhibition and apoptosis. Collectively, these findings indicate that the pro‐apoptotic effects of sanguinarine in KB cells may be regulated by a caspase‐dependent cascade via activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic signaling pathways and inactivation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Drug Dev Res 77 : 227–240, 2016.   © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preference for C4 shade grasses increases hatchling performance in the butterfly, Bicyclus safitza
Authors: Nokelainen Ossi , Ripley Brad S. , van Bergen Erik , Osborne Colin P. , Brakefield Paul M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Miocene radiation of C4 grasses under high‐temperature and low ambient CO2 levels occurred alongside the transformation of a largely forested landscape into savanna. This inevitably changed the host plant regime of herbivores, and the simultaneous diversification of many consumer lineages, including Bicyclus butterflies in Africa, suggests that the radiations of grasses and grazers may be evolutionary linked. We examined mechanisms for this plant–herbivore interaction with the grass‐feeding Bicyclus safitza in South Africa. In a controlled environment, we tested oviposition preference and hatchling performance on local grasses with C3 or C4 photosynthetic pathways that grow either in open or shaded habitats. We predicted preference for C3 plants due to a hypothesized lower processing cost and higher palatability to herbivores. In contrast, we found that females preferred C4 shade grasses rather than either C4 grasses from open habitats or C3 grasses. The oviposition preference broadly followed hatchling performance, although hatchling survival was equally good on C4 or C3 shade grasses. This finding was explained by leaf toughness; shade grasses were softer than grasses from open habitats. Field monitoring revealed a preference of adults for shaded habitats, and stable isotope analysis of field‐sampled individuals confirmed their preference for C4 grasses as host plants. Our findings suggest that plant–herbivore interactions can influence the direction of selection in a grass‐feeding butterfly. Based on this work, we postulate future research to test whether these interactions more generally contribute to radiations in herbivorous insects via expansions into new, unexploited ecological niches.
Feral Cat Globetrotters: genetic traces of historical human‐mediated dispersal
Authors: Koch Katrin , Algar Dave , Schwenk Klaus 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEndemic species on islands are highly susceptible to local extinction, in particular if they are exposed to invasive species. Invasive predators, such as feral cats, have been introduced to islands around the world, causing major losses in local biodiversity. In order to control and manage invasive species successfully, information about source populations and level of gene flow is essential. Here, we investigate the origin of feral cats of Hawaiian and Australian islands to verify their European ancestry and a potential pattern of isolation by distance. We analyzed the genetic structure and diversity of feral cats from eleven islands as well as samples from Malaysia and Europe using mitochondrial DNA (ND5 and ND6 regions) and microsatellite DNA data. Our results suggest an overall European origin of Hawaiian cats with no pattern of isolation by distance between Australian, Malaysian, and Hawaiian populations. Instead, we found low levels of genetic differentiation between samples from Tasman Island, Lana'i, Kaho'olawe, Cocos (Keeling) Island, and Asia. As these populations are separated by up to 10,000 kilometers, we assume an extensive passive dispersal event along global maritime trade routes in the beginning of the 19th century, connecting Australian, Asian, and Hawaiian islands. Thus, islands populations, which are characterized by low levels of current gene flow, represent valuable sources of information on historical, human‐mediated global dispersal patterns of feral cats.
Deconstructing the relationships between phylogenetic diversity and ecology: a case study on ecosystem functioning
Authors: Davies T. Jonathan , Urban Mark C. , Rayfield Bronwyn , Cadotte Marc W. , Peres‐Neto Pedro R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent studies have supported a link between phylogenetic diversity and various ecological properties including ecosystem function. However, such studies typically assume that phylogenetic branches of equivalent length are more or less interchangeable. Here we suggest that there is a need to consider not only branch lengths but also their placement on the phylogeny. We demonstrate how two common indices of network centrality can be used to describe the evolutionary distinctiveness of network elements (nodes and branches) on a phylogeny. If phylogenetic diversity enhances ecosystem function via complementarity and the representation of functional diversity, we would predict a correlation between evolutionary distinctiveness of network elements and their contribution to ecosystem process. In contrast, if one or a few evolutionary innovations play key roles in ecosystem function, the relationship between evolutionary distinctiveness and functional contribution may be weak or absent. We illustrate how network elements associated with high functional contribution can be identified from regressions between phylogenetic diversity and productivity using a well‐known empirical data set on plant productivity from the Cedar Creek Long‐Term Ecological Research. We find no association between evolutionary distinctiveness and ecosystem functioning, but we are able to identify phylogenetic elements associated with species of known high functional contribution within the Fabaceae. Our perspective provides a useful guide in the search for ecological traits linking diversity and ecosystem function, and suggests a more nuanced consideration of phylogenetic diversity is required in the conservation and biodiversity–ecosystem‐function literature.
(Still) Modern Times: Objectification at work
Authors: Andrighetto Luca , Baldissarri Cristina , Volpato Chiara 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA great deal of research has investigated gender‐related objectification. In the current work, we aim to extend the empirical research on this phenomenon to the working domain. Consistent with several theoretical assumptions, we expected that factory workers would be objectified as a consequence of their work. In Study 1, we showed that each of the critical features of factory work (i.e., repetitiveness of movements, fragmentation of activities and dependence on the machine) significantly affected the view of the worker as an instrument (vs. a human being) and as less able to experience human mental states. Coherently, we found that factory workers, unlike artisans, were perceived as more instrument‐like (Study 2) and as less able to experience mental states (Study 3) when participants were asked to focus on the target's manual activities rather than on the target as a person. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are considered.
Perspective taking and member‐to‐group generalization of implicit racial attitudes: The role of target prototypicality
Authors: Todd Andrew R. , Simpson Austin J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractActively considering an individual outgroup member's thoughts, feelings, and other subjective experiences —perspective taking— can improve attitudes toward that person's group. Here, we tested whether such member‐to‐group generalization of implicit racial attitudes is more likely when perspective‐taking targets are viewed as prototypical of their racial group. Results supported a gendered‐race‐prototype hypothesis: The positive effect of perspective taking on implicit attitudes toward Black people and Asian people, respectively, was stronger when the perspective‐taking target was a Black man or Asian woman (gender–race prototypical) versus a Black woman or Asian man (gender–race nonprototypical). These findings identify a boundary condition under which perspective taking may not improve intergroup attitudes and add to a growing literature on social cognition at the intersection of multiple social categories.
Faking revisited: Exerting strategic control over performance on the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure
Authors: Hughes Sean , Hussey Ian , Corrigan Bethany , Jolie Katie , Murphy Carol , Barnes‐Holmes Dermot 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAcross four studies, we demonstrate that effects obtained from the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure, like those obtained from other indirect procedures, are not impervious to strategic manipulation. In experiment 1, we found that merely informing participants to “fake” their performance without providing a concrete strategy to do so did not eliminate, reverse, or in any way alter the obtained outcomes. However, when those same instructions orientated attention toward the core parameters of the task, participants spontaneously derived a strategy that allowed them to eliminate their effects (experiment 2). When the participants were provided with a viable response strategy, they successfully reversed the direction of their overall Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure effect (experiment 3). By refining the nature of those instructions, we managed to target and alter individual trial‐type effects in isolation with some success (experiment 4).
Making sense of positive self‐evaluations in China: The role of sociocultural change
Authors: Zhang Rui , Noels Kimberly A. , Guan Yanjun , Weng Liping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent research points to Chinese people's elevated tendency to make positive self‐evaluations, despite the general claim that East Asians do not self‐enhance. We present three studies in support of a novel prediction that sociocultural change in China plays an important role in augmenting self‐enhancement. We operationalized self‐enhancement primarily in terms of the better‐than‐average effect (BTAE) and accounted for trait desirability or importance. We found that: (i) compared with Chinese Canadians, Chinese showed a stronger BTAE; (ii) within the Chinese, identification with contemporary Chinese culture uniquely predicted a stronger BTAE; and (iii) priming contemporary (vs. traditional) Chinese culture led to a stronger BTAE. Finally, we provided further evidence that motivation, in part, underlies the rising Chinese BTAE. We conclude by discussing the importance of both socioeconomic and cultural perspectives for understanding how and when of self‐enhancement in contemporary China and other societies undergoing social change.