bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk‐stratification management of febrile neutropenia in pediatric hematology‐oncology patients: Results of a French nationwide survey
Authors: Delebarre Mathilde , Tiphaine Aude , Martinot Alain , Dubos François 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn 2012, new international guidelines for children with chemotherapy‐induced febrile neutropenia (FN) were issued, recommending reduced‐intensity management strategy based on stratification of infectious risks. Some studies have highlighted practice disparities in different countries and within the same country. Our aim was to assess the current management strategies for the treatment of chemotherapy‐induced FN in children in France.ProcedureThis survey of all French pediatric oncology‐hematology reference centers (n = 30) in late 2012 and early 2013 sent a standardized questionnaire to each center inquiring about their definition of an FN episode, its initial empiric treatment and ongoing management, use of management stratified by risk, and any criteria used for the risk assessment. Each center's management protocol was also analyzed.ResultsAll French reference centers participated in this survey, completing 88% of the questionnaire items. Definitions of both fever and neutropenia varied between centers. Ten centers used a risk‐stratification strategy for initial management. In all, 42 probabilistic first‐line antibiotic treatments were identified. After 48 hr of apyrexia, 17 units applied different forms of step‐down therapy.ConclusionsMost French centers already offered some form of reduced‐intensity or step‐down therapy, although they differed substantially in their management of FN episodes. Risk stratification with validated tools is essential to facilitate the implementation of the international recommendations, which would ultimately help to standardize practices in France.
The role of placental histopathological lesions in predicting recurrence of preeclampsia
Authors: Weiner Eran , Mizrachi Yossi , Grinstein Ehud , Feldstein Ohad , Rymer‐Haskel Noa , Juravel Elchanan , Schreiber Letizia , Bar Jacob , Kovo Michal 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to study the role of placental pathology in the prediction of preeclampsia (PE) recurrence.MethodsThe medical records and pathological placental reports of all women diagnosed with PE, during 2008–2015, were reviewed. The study population was divided according to the outcome of their subsequent pregnancy: those who did (recurrence group) or did not (no‐recurrence group) develop recurrent PE. Data regarding maternal characteristics and placental maternal/fetal vascular malperfusion lesions, of the initial pregnancies, were compared. Two prediction models were generated for PE recurrence.ResultsCompared to the no‐recurrence group (n = 130), the recurrence group (n = 96) was characterized by lower gestational age (p < 0.001), longer inter‐pregnancy interval (p = 0.012), and higher rate of severe features (p < 0.001). By logistic regression analysis composite maternal (aOR = 3.05, 95%CI 1.39–6.71, p = 0.005), fetal (aOR = 9.31, 95%CI 3.9–22.1, p < 0.001), and concurrent maternal + fetal (aOR = 13.94, 95%CI 5.08–38.21, p < 0.001), vascular malperfusion lesions were found to be independently associated with recurrence. A clinical prediction model accounted for 20.8% of PE recurrence (R2 = 0.208, AUC = 0.732), while a clinical–pathological model accounted for 34.2% of recurrence (R2 = 0.342, AUC = 0.80).ConclusionPlacental maternal and fetal vascular malperfusion lesions are independently associated with increased risk for PE recurrence. A clinical–pathological prediction model for recurrence of PE is superior to a prediction model based merely on clinical factors. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observations of fetal brain activity via non‐invasive magnetoencephalography following administration of magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection in preterm labor
Authors: Escalona‐Vargas Diana I. , Thagard Andrew S. , McGrail Kaitlin , Napolitano Peter G. , Magann Everett F. , Lowery Curtis L. , Eswaran Hari 
Published: August 2016

What's Already Known About This Topic?

Magnesium sulfate is administered to women at risk for delivering preterm to reduce the incidence of cerebral palsy in their offspring.
The mechanism by which magnesium sulfate provides ‘neuroprotection’ is unclear, although it may work in part by preventing excitatory injury to neurons.
What Does This Study Add?

This study demonstrates that most human fetuses exposed to magnesium sulfate demonstrated a decrease in overall brain activity. Additional research is needed to correlate this reduction with excitatory neurotransmission.
Etiologies of hemoptysis in children: A systematic review of 171 patients
Authors: Simon Debra R. , Aronoff Stephen C. , Del Vecchio Michael T. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo provide prevalence rates for the most common causes of hemoptysis in children.Data SourcesA systematic review of articles from PubMed, the OVID Cochrane Reviews (1960–2015), and EMBASE (1991–2015) was undertaken. Additional articles were identified by reviewing the bibliographies of selected studies. Search terms included hemoptysis, children, and humans.Study SelectionOnly case studies and cohorts that examined the causes of hemoptysis in children (birth to 21 years) were included; at least 10 patients were required of each study.Data ExtractionInclusion criteria, patient number, age range, patient source, and categorical and specific etiologies of hemoptysis were recorded.Data SynthesisFrom the 1,858 studies identified, seven were selected for inclusion. Eighty‐nine percent of participants were found to have a specific etiology for hemoptysis. Of the categorical etiologies identified, infection (37.57%), “other causes” (31.79%), heart disease (6.36%), and neoplasia (4.05%) were the most common. Pneumonia, bronchitis, and pulmonary tuberculosis were the most common specific etiologies identified.LimitationsBy its nature, this study was subject to selection bias and under representation of specific etiologies.ConclusionsMost pediatric patients presenting with hemoptysis have a specific etiology; pneumonia is the most common. A thorough history, physical exam, and focused laboratory evaluation is recommended for such patients. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:255–259. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment effect of idebenone on inspiratory function in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Buyse Gunnar M. , Voit Thomas , Schara Ulrike , Straathof Chiara S.M. , D'Angelo Maria Grazia , Bernert Günther , Cuisset Jean‐Marie , Finkel Richard S. , Goemans Nathalie , Rummey Christian , Leinonen Mika , Mayer Oscar H. , Spagnolo Paolo , Meier Thomas , McDonald Craig M. ,   for the DELOS Study Group
Published: August 2016

SummaryAssessment of dynamic inspiratory function may provide valuable information about the degree and progression of pulmonary involvement in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). The aims of this study were to characterize inspiratory function and to assess the efficacy of idebenone on this pulmonary function outcome in a large and well‐characterized cohort of 10–18 year‐old DMD patients not taking glucocorticoid steroids (GCs) enrolled in the phase 3 randomized controlled DELOS trial. We evaluated the effect of idebenone on the highest flow generated during an inspiratory FVC maneuver (maximum inspiratory flow; V'I,max(FVC)) and the ratio between the largest inspiratory flow during tidal breathing (tidal inspiratory flow; V'I,max(t)) and the V'I,max(FVC). The fraction of the maximum flow that is not used during tidal breathing has been termed inspiratory flow reserve (IFR). DMD patients in both treatment groups of DELOS (idebenone, n = 31; placebo: n = 33) had comparable and abnormally low V'I,max(FVC) at baseline. During the study period, V'I,max(FVC) further declined by −0.29 L/sec in patients on placebo (95%CI: −0.51, −0.08; P = 0.008 at week 52), whereas it remained stable in patients on idebenone (change from baseline to week 52: 0.01 L/sec; 95%CI: −0.22, 0.24; P = 0.950). The between‐group difference favoring idebenone was 0.27 L/sec (P = 0.043) at week 26 and 0.30 L/sec (P = 0.061) at week 52. In addition, during the study period, IFR improved by 2.8% in patients receiving idebenone and worsened by −3.0% among patients on placebo (between‐group difference 5.8% at week 52; P = 0.040). Although the clinical interpretation of these data is currently limited due to the scarcity of routine clinical practice experience with dynamic inspiratory function outcomes in DMD, these findings from a randomized controlled study nevertheless suggest that idebenone preserved inspiratory muscle function as assessed by V'I,max(FVC) and IFR in patients with DMD. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:508–515. © 2016 The Authors. Pediatric Pulmonology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure of an acetylating aldehyde dehydrogenase from the thermophilic ethanologen Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius
Authors: Extance Jonathan , Danson Michael J. , Crennell Susan J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAcetylating aldehyde dehydrogenases (AcAldDH) catalyse the acetylation of Coenzyme‐A (CoA), or in reverse generate acetaldehyde from Acetyl‐CoA using NADH as a co‐factor. This article reports the expression, purification, enzyme assay, and X‐ray crystal structures of an AcAldDH from Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius (GtAcAldDH) to 2.1Å and in complex with CoA and NAD+ to 4.0Å. In the structure, the AcAldDH forms a close‐knit dimer, similar to that seen in other Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) structures. In GtAcAldDH, these dimers associate via their N‐termini to form weakly interacting tetramers. This mode of tetrameric association is also seen in an unpublished AcAldDH deposited in the PDB, but is in contrast to all other ADH structures, (including the one other published AcAldDH found in a bacterial microcompartment), in which the dimers bury a large surface area including the C‐termini. This novel mode of association sequesters the active sites and potentially reactive acyl‐enzyme intermediates in the center of the tetramer. In other respects, the structure is very similar to the other AcAldDH, binding the cofactors in a corresponding fashion. This similarity enabled the identification of a shortened substrate cavity in G. thermoglucosidasius AcAldDH, explaining the limitations on the length of substrate accepted by the enzyme.
Charge ordering and magnetic properties in nanosized Sr2FeMoO6–δ powders
Authors: Yarmolich Marta , Kalanda Nikolai , Demyanov Sergey , Fedotova Julia , Bayev Vadim , Sobolev Nikolai A. 
Published: August 2016

Nanosized single‐phase powders of the ferrimagnetic double perovskite Sr2FeMoO6–δ (SFMO) with various degrees of the superstructural ordering of the Fe3+ and Mo5+ cations have been synthesized by the citrate–gel method at pH = 4, 6, 9 (samples SFMO 4, 6, and 9). According to the results of the X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, a mixed valence state of the iron and molybdenum cations is realized in the obtained SFMO powders, whereby the concentration of Fe2+ increases and that of Fe3+ decreases with increasing pH. The charge state of iron and the redistribution of the electron density in SFMO has been studied by means of the Mössbauer spectroscopy. The charge disproportionation for the powders obtained at pH = 6 and 9 facilitates the segregation of α‐Fe. The temperature dependences of the magnetization measured in the field cooling and zero‐field cooling regimes indicate the existence of superparamagnetism in the nanosized grains of SFMO 4, 6, and 9 at T < 19 K. The superparamagnetism is metastable up to a temperature ТS. The applied magnetic field stimulates the transition in nanosized grains from the metastable superparamagnetic state into the stable one, above some value of the magnetic field induction exceeding the minimal anisotropy field.57Fe Mössbauer spectra taken at 20 K of Sr2FeMoO6–δ prepared at pH = 6.
Calculating Feshbach resonances in HCO using an extension of Qim‐path theory
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Bowman Joel M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe present a theoretical study of Feshbach resonances in HCO, using an extension of a previous projection theory [Y. Wang and J. M. Bowman, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 154303 (2013)] that makes use of projections of the normal modes of HCO onto a one‐dimensional rectilinear path along the imaginary‐frequency normal mode of the dissociation saddle point. HCO dissociation is strongly mode specific, because the CH‐stretch is nearly coincident with this path. The projection theory predicts that HCO dissociates with a subpicosecond lifetime for the CH‐stretch excited to the second overtone (
), in agreement with rigorous calculations done 20 years ago. However, the CO‐stretch and HCO bend have small projections on the path and so no dissociation is predicted from the simple theory, even for highly excited states. By making an extension of the projection theory to describe coupling of these modes to the CH‐stretch, dissociation rates can be obtained for these modes. Semi‐quantitative results are obtained using vibrational self‐consistent field/virtual‐state configuration interaction calculations with the code MULTIMODE. The dissociation lifetimes for many states involving excitation of these modes are compared with previous rigorous calculations and experiment and encouraging agreement is found.
TLR3 or TLR4 Activation Enhances Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Mediated Treg Induction via Notch Signaling
Authors: Rashedi Iran , Gómez-Aristizábal Alejandro , Wang Xing-Hua , Viswanathan Sowmya , Keating Armand 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are the subject of numerous clinical trials, largely due to their immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative properties. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR3 and TLR4, are highly expressed on MSCs and their activation can significantly modulate the immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory functions of MSCs. While MSCs can recruit and promote the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), the effect of TLR activation on MSC-mediated Treg induction is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of ligand-mediated activation of TLR3 and TLR4 on Treg induction by human MSCs. We found that generation of Tregs in human CD4(+) lymphocyte and MSC cocultures was enhanced by either TLR3 or TLR4 activation of MSCs and that the increase was abolished by TLR3 and TLR4 gene-silencing. Augmented Treg induction by TLR-activated MSCs was cell contact-dependent and associated with increased gene expression of the Notch ligand, Delta-like 1. Moreover, inhibition of Notch signaling abrogated the augmented Treg levels in the MSC cocultures. Our data show that TLR3 or TLR4 activation of MSCs increases Treg induction via the Notch pathway and suggest new means to enhance the potency of MSCs for treating disorders with an underlying immune dysfunction, including steroid resistant acute graft-versus-host disease.
Process Modeling in the Operating Room: A Socio‐Technical Systems Perspective
Authors: Bonzo Sarah M. , McLain David , Avnet Mark S. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTGiven the importance of communication in healthcare, a need exists for modeling approaches that facilitate analysis of complex interactions among providers. While attempts have been made to translate best practices from engineering, manufacturing, and other fields, their value has been limited because they are applied with minimal modification for contextual differences in healthcare. This paper develops a methodology for modeling processes and analyzing communication in a particular healthcare setting, the hospital operating room (OR). The analysis is based on the construction of a large multidomain matrix (MDM), a representation of interactions across “domains” in a socio‐technical system. In the OR, these domains are people (the surgical team) and process (the steps that they take in a surgical procedure). Based on these domains, the MDM consists of four quadrants: a process architecture design structure matrix (DSM) representing task dependencies, an organization architecture DSM representing interactions among staff, a domain mapping matrix (DMM) of activities performed by team members, and a DMM of activities that “trigger” team members to complete their own tasks. Integrated analysis of these matrices leads to a process map of surgical procedures and construction of a congruence matrix specifying the relationship between expected and actual interactions in the OR. Analysis of process metrics demonstrate that merely engaging the surgical staff in building the MDM can itself lead to performance improvement. The paper lays the foundation for future studies focused on understanding the relationship of team communication to patient outcomes in a single OR and across healthcare systems.
Application of Multidisciplinary Systems‐of‐Systems Optimization to an Aircraft Design Problem
Authors: Subramanian Shreyas Vathul , DeLaurentis Daniel A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTA generic mathematical formulation for Systems‐of‐Systems (SoS) optimization problems is presented. SoS optimization problems resemble the structure of a tree of Multidisciplinary Design Optimization (MDO) problems with additional unique features. The framework for solving such problems involves features from evolutionary computing, platform‐based design, and evolving design spaces. One important aspect of SoS Engineering, often overlooked, is the role it plays in improving the design of individual systems. In this vein, this work has sought to exemplify such a synergistic approach for aircraft design. A large‐scale SoS optimization problem for designing noise‐optimal aircraft and improved procedures for the approach phase is studied. Modules involving Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), noise modeling, multifidelity analysis, topology optimization, and autotuned control systems are used to obtain optimal solutions.
Compositional Analysis of Wax Esters in Human Meibomian Gland Secretions by Direct Infusion Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Chen Jianzhong , Green Kari B. , Nichols Kelly K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWax esters (WE) are one of the predominant lipid types in human meibomian gland secretions (meibum) and account for 40–50 % of total meibum lipids. Recently, we managed to quantify 51 isomeric groups of intact WE in normal human meibum samples by direct infusion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI–MS), with each WE peak in the MS spectrum corresponding to one isomeric group (Chen et al, Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54(8):5730–53, 2013). However, the information of the isomeric composition in each group was not obtained. In this study, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was applied to quantify relative amounts of these isomers using the intensities of the corresponding diagnostic ions after appropriate correction and normalization. This data was combined with the previous obtained mole fraction of each isomeric group to total WE in human meibum to determine the corresponding percentage of each isomer. A total of 23 of the most abundant WE peaks of different molecular weights (corresponding to 85.3 % of the total amount of WE) in human meibum were studied and resulted in quantification of 92 WE species. The quantitative information of composition of WE in human meibum will help better understand their role in the tear film.
Gesund durch Schreiben
Authors: Heimes Silke 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung. Obwohl die wissenschaftliche Untersuchung des Schreibens eine junge Disziplin ist und bis zur endgültigen Klärung der Fragen, wie und auf welche Weise Schreiben wirkt noch einige Forschung betrieben werden muss, existieren im englischen Sprachraum bereits quantitative und qualitative Untersuchungen, zur Wirksamkeit des Schreibens ( Sloan, Marx & Greenberg, 2011 ; Chen & Contrada, 2009 ; Frattaroli, 2006 ; Sampson & Visser, 2005 ; Frisina, Borod & Lepore, 2004 ; Pennebaker, 1997 ). Für den deutschen Sprachraum stehen diese Untersuchungen noch aus. Da hochwertige quantitative Untersuchungen kostenintensiv sind und sich das kreative und therapeutische Schreiben in Deutschland noch nicht so weit etabliert hat, dass solche Studien durchführbar wären, könnte eine erste Annäherung an den Untersuchungsgegenstand durch qualitative Studien erfolgen. In diesem Sinn untersucht der Beitrag, in wieweit sich die für das Schreiben postulierten und teilweise verifizierten Wirkungen und Wirkfaktoren ( Heimes, 2012 ) in den (Selbst–) Aussagen renommierter deutschsprachiger Schriftsteller des 18. – 21. Jh. finden lassen. Die Untersuchung erfolgte in zahlreichen Datenbanken und durch Handrecherche in einschlägiger Primär- und Sekundärliteratur. Da sich aufgrund des Gegenstandes keine Objektivität erreichen lässt, wurde eine intersubjektive Methode gewählt.
Long-term treatment with metformin in obese, insulin-resistant adolescents: results of a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial
Authors: van der Aa M P , Elst M A J , van de Garde E M W , van Mil E G A H , Knibbe C A J , van der Vorst M M J 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background:
As adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance may be refractory to lifestyle intervention therapy alone, additional off-label metformin therapy is often used. In this study, the long-term efficacy and safety of metformin versus placebo in adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance is studied.

Methods:
In a randomized placebo-controlled double-blinded trial, 62 adolescents with obesity aged 10–16 years old with insulin resistance received 2000 mg of metformin or placebo daily and physical training twice weekly over 18 months. Primary end points were change in body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance measured by the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). Secondary end points were safety and tolerability of metformin. Other end points were body fat percentage and HbA1c.

Results:
Forty-two participants completed the 18-month study (66% girls, median age 13 (12–15) years, BMI 30.0 (28.3 to 35.0) kg m−2 and HOMA-IR 4.08 (2.40 to 5.88)). Median ΔBMI was +0.2 (−2.9 to 1.3) kg m−2 (metformin) versus +1.2 (−0.3 to 2.4) kg m−2 (placebo) (P=0.015). No significant difference was observed for HOMA-IR. No serious adverse events were reported. Median change in fat percentage was −3.1 (−4.8 to 0.3) versus −0.8 (−3.2 to 1.6)% (P=0.150), in fat mass −0.2 (−5.2 to 2.1) versus +2.0 (1.2–6.4) kg (P=0.007), in fat-free mass +2.0 (−0.1 to 4.0) versus +4.5 (1.3 to 11.6) kg (P=0.047) and in ΔHbA1c +1.0 (−1.0 to 2.3) versus +3.0 (0.0 to 5.0) mmol mol−1 (P=0.020) (metformin versus placebo).

Conclusions:
Long-term treatment with metformin in adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance results in stabilization of BMI and improved body composition compared with placebo. Therefore, metformin may be useful as an additional therapy in combination with lifestyle intervention in adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance.