bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Plant Secondary Metabolites at the Host–Pathogen Interface
Authors: Bednarek Paweł , Schulze‐Lefert Paul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPlants synthesise and accumulate a large number of structurally diversified small molecules, usually derived from amino acids or some other end products or intermediates of plant primary metabolism. Some groups of these ‘secondary metabolites’ possess in vitro antimicrobial activities, typically through inhibition of essential microbial enzyme activities or disintegration of cellular compartments. This suggests a potential functional significance of plant secondary products as executors of plant immune responses. Consistent with this, impairment of the capacity of pathogens to metabolise/detoxify such compounds often increases virulence. Defence‐related phytochemicals are often classified on the basis of their in planta mode of biosynthesis and accumulation as phytoalexins or phytoanticipins. Their synthesis and/or activation are typically coordinated in time and space with other defence responses upon microbial colonisation attempts. Single plant cells are capable to target resistance responses with subcellular precision to incipient microbial entry sites. One function of this process appears to enable high local concentrations of toxic metabolites. Traditional plant breeding revealed that disease resistance correlates in some cases positively with the ability of plants to synthesise particular secondary products. This is corroborated by transgenic plants that fail to either accumulate phytoalexins or synthesise novel pathogen‐inducible toxic metabolites.
Lipid Signals in Plant–Pathogen Interactions
Authors: Shah Jyoti , Chaturvedi Ratnesh 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLipids influence multiple stages of plant–pathogen interactions including communication between the host and the microbe, activation and implementation of plant defenses, and the pathogen life cycle. Some pathogens recognize plant lipid‐derived signals to identify an appropriate host. Other pathogens depend on the host for lipids as essential molecules or as developmental signals. In contrast, plants have evolved mechanisms to recognize microbial lipids and this can lead to elicitation of defense responses. In several cases, lipid modifications target plant signaling proteins and microbial elicitors to plant cell membranes where defense signaling is initiated. The membrane also provides a reservoir from which biologically active signaling lipids, or their precursors, are released by a variety of hydrolytic enzymes. A large number of lipid‐modifying enzymes are involved in the synthesis of signaling lipids. This chapter focuses on progress made in recent years on lipids, lipid signaling, lipid‐modifying enzymes and lipid‐transfer proteins that influence the outcome of plant–pathogen interactions.
The Evolution of Body Form in Bryophytes
Authors: Goffinet Bernard , Buck William R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBryophytes compose a paraphyletic group of land plants that mark the successful transition to land and paved the way for the evolution of plants with highly differentiated vascular tissues and multiple sporangia. Like all embryophytes, bryophytes follow a life cycle of alternating haploid and diploid generations, and hence, rely on the same fundamental set of genetic tools to develop their body. The vegetative plant of bryophytes is always the sex‐bearing gametophyte, and upon fertilization, the embryo develops into a short‐lived, unbranched sporophyte that remains attached to the maternal plant. Over the last 400 million years, bryophytes have undergone continuous and sometimes rapid diversification, leading to nearly 20 000 species exhibiting a broad range of vegetative architecture based on a simple modular Bauplan and critical innovations enhancing spore dispersal through time and space, and thereby insuring their persistence and ecological success.
The Role of Interfaces in Polyethylene/Metal‐Oxide Nanocomposites for Ultrahigh‐Voltage Insulating Materials
Authors: Pourrahimi Amir Masoud , Olsson Richard T. , Hedenqvist Mikael S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecent progress in the development of polyethylene/metal‐oxide nanocomposites for extruded high‐voltage direct‐current (HVDC) cables with ultrahigh electric insulation properties is presented. This is a promising technology with the potential of raising the upper voltage limit in today's underground/submarine cables, based on pristine polyethylene, to levels where the loss of energy during electric power transmission becomes low enough to ensure intercontinental electric power transmission. The development of HVDC insulating materials together with the impact of the interface between the particles and the polymer on the nanocomposites electric properties are shown. Important parameters from the atomic to the microlevel, such as interfacial chemistry, interfacial area, and degree of particle dispersion/aggregation, are discussed. This work is placed in perspective with important work by others, and suggested mechanisms for improved insulation using nanoparticles, such as increased charge trap density, adsorption of impurities/ions, and induced particle dipole moments are considered. The effects of the nanoparticles and of their interfacial structures on the mechanical properties and the implications of cavitation on the electric properties are also discussed. Although the main interest in improving the properties of insulating polymers has been on the use of nanoparticles, leading to nanodielectrics, it is pointed out here that larger microscopic hierarchical metal‐oxide particles with high surface porosity also impart good insulation properties. The impact of the type of particle and its inherent properties (purity and conductivity) on the nanocomposite dielectric and insulating properties are also discussed based on data obtained by a newly developed technique to directly observe the charge distribution on a nanometer scale in the nanocomposite.
Voltage‐Controlled On/Off Switching of Ferromagnetism in Manganite Supercapacitors
Authors: Molinari Alan , Hahn Horst , Kruk Robert 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe ever‐growing technological demand for more advanced microelectronic and spintronic devices keeps catalyzing the idea of controlling magnetism with an electric field. Although voltage‐driven on/off switching of magnetization is already established in some magnetoelectric (ME) systems, often the coupling between magnetic and electric order parameters lacks an adequate reversibility, energy efficiency, working temperature, or switching speed. Here, the ME performance of a manganite supercapacitor composed of a ferromagnetic, spin‐polarized ultrathin film of La0.74Sr0.26MnO3 (LSMO) electrically charged with an ionic liquid electrolyte is investigated. Fully reversible, rapid, on/off switching of ferromagnetism in LSMO is demonstrated in combination with a shift in Curie temperature of up to 26 K and a giant ME coupling coefficient of ≈226 Oe V−1. The application of voltages of only ≈2 V results in ultralow energy consumptions of about 90 µJ cm−2. This work provides a step forward toward low‐power, high‐endurance electrical switching of magnetism for the development of high‐performance ME spintronics.
Acid/Base‐Co‐catalyzed Direct Oxidative α‐Amination of Cyclic Ketones: Using Molecular Oxygen as the Oxidant
Authors: Li Yi‐Jin , Zhang Lu , Yan Na , Meng Xiang‐He , Zhao Yu‐Long 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA novel acid/base‐co‐catalyzed direct intermolecular α‐amination of various cyclic ketones has been developed for the first time. The reaction employs molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant under metal‐free conditions. The reaction tolerates a wide range of various anilines, especially primary diamine derivatives, and provides a simple and efficient method for the constructions of α‐amino enones and benzodiazepine derivatives in a single step.magnified image
Selective Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of α‐Substituted Acetophenones with Bifunctional Oxo‐Tethered Ruthenium(II) Catalysts
Authors: Yuki Yamato , Touge Taichiro , Nara Hideki , Matsumura Kazuhiko , Fujiwhara Mitsuhiko , Kayaki Yoshihito , Ikariya Takao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA practical method for the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of α‐substituted ketones was developed utilizing oxo‐tethered N‐sulfonyldiamine‐ruthenium complexes. Reduction by HCO2H and HCO2K in a mixed solvent of EtOAc/H2O allowed for the selective synthesis of halohydrins from 2‐bromoacetophenone (98%) and 2‐chloroacetophenone (>99%), leading to suppressed undesired side reactions stemming from formylation under the typical reaction conditions using an azeotropic 5:2 mixture of HCO2H and Et3N. A range of functional groups, such as halogens, methoxy, nitro, dimethylamino, and ester groups, were well tolerated, highlighting the potential of this method. Nearly complete selectivity with a preferable ee was maintained even with a substrate/catalyst (S/C) ratio of 5000. This catalyst system was also effective for the asymmetric reduction of α‐sulfonated ketones without eroding the leaving group.magnified image
Tensile and impact properties of cost‐effective hybrid fiber metal laminate sandwich structures
Authors: Dhar Malingam Sivakumar , Jumaat Faizal Azli , Ng Lin Feng , Subramaniam Kathiravan , Ab Ghani Ahmad Fuad 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHybrid composite materials, which combine two or more types of fiber in a single matrix, have currently drawn the interest of researchers. This research investigates the tensile and impact properties of hybrid kenaf/glass reinforced metal laminates (FMLs) with different fiber orientations and stacking configurations. FMLs were formed by sandwiching the annealed aluminum 5052 sheets to the composite laminates using hot press molding compression technique. The tensile test was performed at a quasi‐static rate of 2 mm/min with reference to ASTM E8 whereas Charpy impact test was conducted using impact pendulum tester according to ASTM E23. Results showed that improvement in tensile and impact strength was observed in hybrid FMLs compared to kenaf fiber reinforced FMLs. Fiber orientation of ±45° reduced the tensile strength but increased the impact strength of FMLs in comparison with fiber orientation of 0°/90°. Overall, hybrid FMLs incorporated with a fiber stacking sequence of glass/kenaf/glass showed superior characteristic in tensile and impact performance.
Costs of reproduction are reflected in women's faces: Post‐menopausal women with fewer children are perceived as more attractive, healthier and younger than women with more children
Authors: Marcinkowska Urszula M. , Little Anthony C. , Galbarczyk Andrzej , Nenko Ilona , Klimek Magdalena , Jasienska Grazyna 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe costs associated with reproduction (i.e., gestation, lactation, childcare) have long‐term negative consequences by elevating risk of disease and reducing lifespan. We tested the hypotheses that high parity, and thus high reproductive costs bear by women, is perceived by other people when they evaluate facial appearance of health, attractiveness and age of mothers.Materials and MethodsUsing computer software we created average facial images based on real photographs of post‐menopausal women with varying number of children; 3 parity categories were created (1–2, 4–5, and 7–9 children). Study participants (N = 571) were asked to choose the face they perceived as more attractive, younger and healthier via two‐alternative forced choice questions asked in three randomized blocks.ResultsWomen who had given birth to fewer children were judged both by men and women as more attractive, younger and healthier than women with more children. In each category the lowest scores were received by women from highest parity category (7–9 children).DiscussionMechanisms behind the observed variation in facial appearance are not known but higher levels of oxidative stress among women with high parity may explain their faster aging and lower attractiveness in older age. These results suggest that costs of reproduction might affect women's physical appearance.
Equivalence in outcomes between Draf 2B vs Draf 3 frontal sinusotomy for refractory chronic frontal rhinosinusitis
Authors: Patel Vishal S. , Choby Garret , Shih Liang‐Chun , Patel Zara M. , Nayak Jayakar V. , Hwang Peter H. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundEndoscopic Draf 2B and Draf 3 frontal sinusotomies are frequently performed for chronic refractory frontal rhinosinusitis. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes between Draf 2B and Draf 3 procedures.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted comparing patients undergoing bilateral Draf 2B vs Draf 3 procedures from 2000 to 2016. Patients with neoplasia, dysplasia, mucocele, cystic fibrosis, or ciliary dyskinesia were excluded. Preoperative disease parameters included number of prior surgeries, presence of polyps, preoperative 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) score, frontal Lund‐Mackay score, anterior‐posterior diameter of the frontal ostium, and Global Osteitis Scoring Scale (GOSS). Postoperative outcomes included SNOT‐22 score, neo‐ostium patency, surgical revision rates, and complications.ResultsA total of 21 patients with bilateral Draf 2B and 17 patients with Draf 3 surgeries were compared. Mean follow‐up time was 15.6 months. No significant differences were seen between groups for any preoperative disease parameter. Both cohorts showed statistically significant (p = 0.0001 [Draf 2B]; p = 0.0001 [Draf 3]) and clinically meaningful (Δ = 24.1; Δ = 24.9) improvements in SNOT‐22 at last follow‐up vs preoperatively. The Draf 2B group had greater improvement in SNOT‐22 score than the Draf 3 group at 1 to 3 months (p = 0.003), but the magnitude of improvement equalized at 5 to 9 months (p = 0.66) and last follow‐up (p = 0.90). No significant differences were noted between groups regarding patency, revision rates, or complications.ConclusionBoth Draf 2B and Draf 3 procedures offer durable symptomatic improvement for patients with refractory frontal CRS. The Draf 2B is associated with earlier postoperative symptom improvement and overall shows comparable long‐term outcomes to the Draf 3 sinusotomy.
Magnetic Actuation of Drops and Liquid Marbles Using a Deformable Paramagnetic Liquid Substrate
Authors: Vialetto Jacopo , Hayakawa Masayuki , Kavokine Nikita , Takinoue Masahiro , Varanakkottu Subramanyan Namboodiri , Rudiuk Sergii , Anyfantakis Manos , Morel Mathieu , Baigl Damien 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe magnetic actuation of deposited drops has mainly relied on volume forces exerted on the liquid to be transported, which is poorly efficient with conventional diamagnetic liquids such as water and oil, unless magnetosensitive particles are added. Herein, we describe a new and additive‐free way to magnetically control the motion of discrete liquid entities. Our strategy consists of using a paramagnetic liquid as a deformable substrate to direct, using a magnet, the motion of various floating liquid entities, ranging from naked drops to liquid marbles. A broad variety of liquids, including diamagnetic (water, oil) and nonmagnetic ones, can be efficiently transported using the moderate magnetic field (ca. 50 mT) produced by a small permanent magnet. Complex trajectories can be achieved in a reliable manner and multiplexing potential is demonstrated through on‐demand drop fusion. Our paramagnetofluidic method advantageously works without any complex equipment or electric power, in phase with the necessary development of robust and low‐cost analytical and diagnostic fluidic devices.
Glycosyltransferase cascades made fit for chemical production: Integrated biocatalytic process for the natural polyphenol C‐glucoside nothofagin
Authors: Schmölzer Katharina , Lemmerer Martin , Nidetzky Bernd 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGlycosyltransferase cascades are promising tools of biocatalysis for natural product glycosylation, but their suitability for actual production remains to be shown. Here, we demonstrate at a scale of 100 g isolated product the integrated biocatalytic production of nothofagin, the natural 3′‐C‐β‐D‐glucoside of the polyphenol phloretin. A parallel reaction cascade involving coupled C‐glucosyltransferase and sucrose synthase was optimized for the one‐pot glucosylation of phloretin from sucrose via an UDP/UDP‐glucose shuttle. Inclusion complexation with the highly water soluble 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin pushed the phloretin solubility to its upper practical limit (∼120 mM) and so removed the main bottleneck on an efficient synthesis of nothofagin. The biotransformation thus intensified had excellent performance metrics of 97% yield and ∼50 gproduct/L at a space‐time yield of 3 g/L/hr. The UDP‐glucose was regenerated up to ∼220 times. A scalable downstream process for efficient recovery of nothofagin (≥95% purity; ≥65% yield) was developed. A tailored anion‐exchange chromatography at pH 8.5 was used for capture and initial purification of the product. Recycling of the 2‐hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin would also be possible at this step. Product precipitation at a lowered pH of 6.0 and re‐dissolution in acetone effectively replaced desalting by size exclusion chromatography in the final step of nothofagin purification. This study therefore, reveals the potential for process intensification in the glycosylation of polyphenol acceptors by glycosyltransferase cascades. It demonstrates that, with up‐ and downstream processing carefully optimized and suitably interconnected, a powerful biocatalytic technology becomes available for the production of an important class of glycosides difficult to prepare otherwise.
Electron shuttling to ferrihydrite selects for fermentative rather than Fe3+—reducing biomass in xylose—fed batch reactors derived from three different inoculum sources
Authors: Popovic Jovan , Finneran Kevin T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractReports suggest that ferric iron and electron shuttling molecules will select for Fe3+—reducer dominated microbial biomass. We investigated the influence of the redox mediators anthraquinone‐2,6‐disulfonate (AQDS) and riboflavin using xylose as the sole fermentation substrate, with or without ferric iron. Electron shuttling to insoluble ferrihydrite enhanced solventogenesis, acidogenesis, hydrogen production, and xylose consumption, relative to the cells plus xylose controls in fermentations inoculated with woodland marsh sediment, wetwood disease, or raw septic liquid, over multiple transfers in 15‐day batch fermentations. 16S rRNA gene based community analyses indicated that ferrihydrite alone, and AQDS/riboflavin plus ferrihydrite, immediately shifted native heterogeneous communities to those predominantly belonging to the Clostdridiales, rather than stimulating Fe3+ respiring populations. Data were similar irrespective of the inoculum source, suggesting that Fe3+ and/or electron shuttling compounds select for rapid proliferation of fermentative genera when fermentable substrates are present, and increases the extent of xylose consumption and solvent production.
Genome‐wide identification of tolerance mechanisms toward p‐coumaric acid in Pseudomonas putida
Authors: Calero Patricia , Jensen Sheila I. , Bojanovič Klara , Lennen Rebecca M. , Koza Anna , Nielsen Alex T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440 has gained increasing biotechnological interest due to its ability to tolerate different types of stress. Here, the tolerance of P. putida KT2440 toward eleven toxic chemical compounds was investigated. P. putida was found to be significantly more tolerant toward three of the eleven compounds when compared to Escherichia coli. Increased tolerance was for example found toward p‐coumaric acid, an interesting precursor for polymerization with a significant industrial relevance. The tolerance mechanism was therefore investigated using the genome‐wide approach, Tn‐seq. Libraries containing a large number of miniTn5‐Km transposon insertion mutants were grown in the presence and absence of p‐coumaric acid, and the enrichment or depletion of mutants was quantified by high‐throughput sequencing. Several genes, including the ABC transporter Ttg2ABC and the cytochrome c maturation system (ccm), were identified to play an important role in the tolerance toward p‐coumaric acid of this bacterium. Most of the identified genes were involved in membrane stability, suggesting that tolerance toward p‐coumaric acid is related to transport and membrane integrity.
Clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes in pleomorphic lobular breast carcinoma of the breast: a SEER population‐based study
Authors: Yang Li‐Peng , Sun He‐Fen , Zhao Yang , Chen Meng‐Ting , Zhang Nong , Jin Wei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore the clinicopathological features and survival outcome of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (PLC) of breast, we identified 131 PLC patients and 460,109 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result (SEER) database. PLCs presented with increased lymph node involvement, older age, higher AJCC stage and grade, and lower median survival months (PLC 84 ± 51.03 vs. IDC 105.2 ± 64.39 P < 0.01). Compared to IDC patients, PLC patients were more inclined to be treated with mastectomy. In univariate analysis, PLC patients showed a worse disease‐specific survival (DSS) than that of IDC patients (hazard ratio = 0.691, 95% confidence interval 0.534–0.893, P < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, we took into account other prognostic factors and found that the histology types were no longer an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.120). DSS have no difference between matched IDC and PLC groups (P = 0.615). This result may be due to PLCs presenting higher tumor stage, higher tumor grade, and higher rate of LN metastasis than IDCs. Our conclusion is that PLC and IDC have many different characteristics, but there is not enough difference on the DSS.
Hypoglycemia and severe lactic acidosis in a dog following metformin exposure
Authors: Barrella Nicole , Eisenberg Beth , Simpson Stephanie Nicole 
Published: November 2017

Key Clinical MessageHypoglycemia and lactic acidosis are rare complications with metformin use in humans. As metformin is not commonly used in veterinary medicine, severe adverse effects secondary to exposure are not known. Awareness of potentially life‐threatening complications with metformin exposure is an important addition to the veterinary literature.
Zeolite‐Catalyzed Formaldehyde–Propylene Prins Condensation
Authors: Vasiliadou Efterpi S. , Gould Nicholas S. , Lobo Raul F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPrins condensation of formaldehyde with propylene to form 3‐buten‐1‐ol is investigated using microporous solid acid catalysts. Zn/H‐beta shows high conversion but leads to a broad product distribution composed primarily of pyrans. Mechanistic studies revealed that 3‐buten‐1‐ol reacts via Prins cyclization or dehydrate to 1,3‐butadiene that further reacts with formaldehyde via a hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction. These secondary reactions are suppressed over ZSM‐5 catalysts: 3‐buten‐1‐ol is the predominant product over H‐ZSM‐5 zeolite under all conditions investigated. 3‐Buten‐1‐ol selectivity of up to 75 % is achieved. In a second step 3‐buten‐1‐ol dehydrates at temperatures as low as 423 K, forming 1,3‐butadiene. Although Brønsted acid sites are the primary catalytic sites, ion exchange of ZnII increases the overall rate and 3‐buten‐1‐ol selectivity. H‐ZSM‐5 showed significant differences in reactivity and selectivity as a function of the Si/Al ratio; optimal catalytic properties were observed within Si/Al=40–140.