bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated FRAP of the actin-binding protein CapG in the cell nucleus—a functional assay for EGF signaling in the single live breast cancer cell
Authors: Fernandez M. K. , Sinha M. , Kühnemuth R. , Renz M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCompartmentalization and differential distribution of proteins within a cell maintain cellular function and viability. CapG is a gelsolin-related actin-binding protein that distributes in steady state diffusively throughout cytoplasm and cell nucleus. To detect changes in CapG’s nucleocytoplasmic shuttling in response to external stimuli on the single cell level, we established repeated FRAP experiments of one and the same breast cancer cell. With this experimental set up, we found that ATP-depletion reversibly decreased CapG’s shuttling into the cell nucleus. The addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) increased CapG’s nuclear shuttling within minutes. Serum-starvation doubled the number of breast cancer cells from 40 to 80% displaying increased CapG shuttling in response to EGF. Testing five different potential CapG phosphorylation sites, we found that serine 70 mediates the increase in CapG’s nuclear shuttling triggered by EGF. Thus, repeated FRAP of CapG in the cell nucleus can be used as functional readout of signaling cascades in the same single live breast cancer cell.
A novel multi-scale network intrusion detection model with transformer
Authors: Xi Chiming , Wang Hui , Wang Xubin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNetwork is an essential tool today, and the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) can ensure the safe operation. However, with the explosive growth of data, current methods are increasingly struggling as they often detect based on a single scale, leading to the oversight of potential features in the extensive traffic data, which may result in degraded performance. In this work, we propose a novel detection model utilizing multi-scale transformer namely IDS-MTran. In essence, the collaboration of multi-scale traffic features broads the pattern coverage of intrusion detection. Firstly, we employ convolution operators with various kernels to generate multi-scale features. Secondly, to enhance the representation of features and the interaction between branches, we propose Patching with Pooling (PwP) to serve as a bridge. Next, we design multi-scale transformer-based backbone to model the features at diverse scales, extracting potential intrusion trails. Finally, to fully capitalize these multi-scale branches, we propose the Cross Feature Enrichment (CFE) to integrate and enrich features, and then output the results. Sufficient experiments show that compared with other models, the proposed method can distinguish different attack types more effectively. Specifically, the accuracy on three common datasets NSL-KDD, CIC-DDoS 2019 and UNSW-NB15 has all exceeded 99%, which is more accurate and stable.
Morphology of the normative human cone photoreceptor mosaic and a publicly available adaptive optics montage repository
Authors: Cooper Robert F. , Kalaparambath Snega , Aguirre Geoffrey K. , Morgan Jessica I. W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdaptive optics ophthalmoscopy has enabled visualization of the in vivo human photoreceptor mosaic in health, disease and its treatment. Despite this, the clinical utility of the imaging technology has been limited by a lack of automated analysis techniques capable of accurately quantifying photoreceptor structure and a lack of an available normative image database. Here, we present a fully automated algorithm for estimating cone spacing and density over a complete adaptive optics montage along with a database of normative images and cone densities. We imaged the cone mosaics surrounding the fovea and along the horizontal and vertical meridians of fifty normal-sighted controls with a custom-built, multimodal adaptive optics scanning light ophthalmoscope. Cone spacing was automatically measured in the frequency domain and spacing measurements were converted to estimates of cone density at all locations across the montage. Consistent with previous reports, cone density measurements were highest near fovea (152,906 ± 53,209 cones/mm2) and decreased exponentially with eccentricity. A 2.5-fold variation was found in cone density estimates at 0.1 mm, this variation decreased to 1.75-fold at 1 mm. We provide all images, mosaic quantifications, and automated software open source. This database will aid investigators in translating adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy to clinical applications.
Modern CRRT systems are associated with lower risk of hypothermia
Authors: Bell Max , Hertzberg Daniel , Hansson Fredrik , Carlsson Åsa , Berkius Johan , Vimlati Laszlo , Nilsson Ann-Kristin , Ekström Carolina , Broman Marcus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOne risk of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) is inadvertent hypothermia (IH), which is defined as a non-therapeutic core temperature decrease below normal. In continuous renal replacement therapy, heat loss will always occur from blood pumped through the dialysis circuit to cooler environment, predisposing for hypothermia. Blood flow and effluent flows are the most important parameters causing heat loss. We investigated and compared the novel TherMax warmer to previous generation technologies during CRRT in a multicenter setting. This was a prospective observational multicenter study with historic single-center controls. The study group consisted of 100 patients in eight Swedish ICUs with clinical indication for CRRT, using the PrisMax platform and TherMax warmer. Both patient and set warmer temperatures were recorded hourly for the first 24 h. The presence of treatment hours in hypothermia (< 36.0 Celsius) and the difference between set warmer temperature and measured patient temperature in the multi-center study cohort were compared to a matched single-center historic control cohort treated with the old Prismaflex platform and adjacent Barkey warmer. In the TherMax group 77/100 (77.0%) of patients, and for controls 26/86 (30.2%) of patients were free of hypothermia (Chi square, p < 0.001). The mean number of hours spent in hypothermia was (mean ± SD) 0.66 ± 1.60 and 6.92 ± 7.79 h in the TherMax and control groups, respectively (Chi square p < 0.001). In the study group the patient temperature was higher than the set temperature on the warmer with a difference of Δ0.47 ± 0.80 °C (minor difference), whereas in the control group the set temperature on the warmer was higher than the patient temperature with a difference of Δ4.55 ± 1.00 °C (over-correction). The novel TherMax warmer technology protected against hypothermia and was significantly more accurate than the Barkey warmer.
Low-loss metasurfaces based on discretized meta-atoms
Authors: Gao Yisheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMetasurfaces are established tools for manipulating light and enhancing light-matter interactions. However, the loss of conventional meta-atoms usually limits the performance potential of metasurfaces. In this study, we propose a class of metasurfaces based on discretized meta-atoms able to mitigate the radiative and intrinsic losses. By discretizing meta-atoms, we reduce the loss of metal metasurfaces to levels comparable to dielectric metasurfaces in the short-wavelength infrared region at the surface lattice resonance mode. Furthermore, we propose a coupling model to explain the observed reduction in loss in full agreement with the results obtained from finite-element method. We also reproduce this phenomenon using dielectric metasurface at electric and magnetic resonances in the visible region. Our finding offers valuable insights for the design and application of metasurfaces, while also providing theoretical implications for other resonance fields beyond metasurfaces.
Wearable mechanical and electrochemical sensors for real-time health monitoring
Authors: Xue Ziao , Gai YanSong , Wu Yuxiang , liu Zhuo , Li Zhou 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWearable sensors provide a good solution for real-time monitoring of human health, and great progress has been made in miniaturization, flexibility, low power consumption and intelligence in recent years. Here, we introduce the principles of wearable sensors and their applications in disease surveillance. Physiological signals mainly include physical signals and biochemical signals. Among various sensors used to monitor physiological signals, we have introduced the basic working principles of mechanical sensors and electrochemical sensors. We summarize the examples of the clever integration of sensors with daily wearable products, and introduce cases of disease monitoring applied to the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, musculoskeletal system and metabolic system. In view of the current situation of wearable sensors in terms of materials, structure, technology and energy, we discuss challenges and solutions of wearable mechanical and electrochemical sensors, and look forward to the application prospects of wearable sensors.
In-situ sub-angstrom characterization of laser-lubricant interaction in a thermo-tribological system
Authors: Cheng Qilong , Rajauria Sukumar , Schreck Erhard , Smith Robert , Dai Qing , Bogy David B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLaser-lubricant interaction has been a critical reliability issue in a thermo-tribological system named heat-assisted magnetic recording, one of the next generation hard disk drive solutions to increasing data storage. The lubricant response under laser irradiation and the subsequent lubricant recovery are crucial to the system’s reliability and longevity, however, they cannot be diagnosed locally and timely so far. Here, we propose a thermal scheme to in-situ characterize the mechanical laser-lubricant interaction. The nanometer-thick lubricant has a thermal barrier effect on the near-field thermal transport in the system, according to which the lubricant thickness can be determined. As demonstrations, this paper reports the first quantitative in-situ measurements of the laser-induced lubricant depletion and the subsequent reflow dynamics. The proposed scheme shows a sub-angstrom resolution (~0.2 Å) and a fast response time within seconds, rendering in-situ real-time lubricant diagnosis feasible in the practical hard disk drive products.
Absence of magnetic order in RuO2: insights from μSR spectroscopy and neutron diffraction
Authors: Keßler Philipp , Garcia-Gassull Laura , Suter Andreas , Prokscha Thomas , Salman Zaher , Khalyavin Dmitry , Manuel Pascal , Orlandi Fabio , Mazin Igor I. , Valentí Roser , Moser Simon 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAltermagnets are a novel class of magnetic materials, where magnetic order is staggered both in coordinate and momentum space. The metallic rutile oxide RuO2, long believed to be a textbook Pauli paramagnet, recently emerged as a putative workhorse altermagnet when resonant X-ray and neutron scattering studies reported nonzero magnetic moments and long-range collinear order. While some experiments seem consistent with altermagnetism, magnetic order in RuO2remains controversial. We show that RuO2is nonmagnetic, both in bulk and thin film. Muon spectroscopy complemented by density-functional theory finds at most 1.14 × 10−4 μB/Ru in bulk and at most 7.5 × 10−4 μB/Ru in 11 nm epitaxial films, at our spectrometers’ detection limit, and dramatically smaller than previously reported neutron results that were used to rationalize altermagnetic behavior. Our own neutron diffraction measurements on RuO2single crystals identify multiple scattering as the source for the false signal in earlier studies.
A robust iterative learning control for linear system with variable initial state and trail length
Authors: Wei Yun‐Shan , Wang Jia‐Xuan , Zhang Yu‐Ting , Xu Qing‐Yuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo address the variable initial state and trail length this paper first presents a robust PD‐type open‐closed‐loop iterative learning control (ILC) law for a multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) linear discrete‐time system. It is demonstrated that the convergence condition is dependent on the PD‐type feed‐forward learning gains, while an appropriate feedback learning gain can improve the ILC convergence performance. As a special case of PD‐type open‐closed‐loop ILC law, P‐type and D‐type open‐closed‐loop ILC laws are deduced. The three developed ILC laws ensure that as the number of iterations approaches infinity, the expectation of ILC tracking error will be constrained within a limited range, where the boundary is proportional to the initial state variation. Through a numerical simulation, the effectiveness of the proposed ILC laws is illustrated.
Optimizing customized bus services for multi‐trip urban passengers: A bi‐objective approach
Authors: Guan Yunlin , Wang Yun , Guo Haonan , Liu Xiaobing , Yan Xuedong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCustomized bus services typically focus on single‐trip requests, which often struggle to accommodate the growing needs for varied multiple trips in urban daily travel. This paper addresses the customized bus routing problem for passengers with multiple trips. A bi‐objective mathematical model is established for maximizing the operational profit and minimizing the travel costs by considering the characteristics of the multi‐trip requests and time‐dependent travel time. Besides, a novel profit objective function is proposed considering the service's completion status and the starting price. Since the proposed mixed integer linear programming model is an NP‐hard problem, a non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm II‐based method is proposed to handle different sizes of instances. Finally, the instances with multi‐trip requests are carried out to test the accuracy of the model and the effectiveness of our method compared with Gurobi and the local search‐based multi‐objective algorithm approach.
Review of recent trends of advancements in multilevel inverter topologies with reduced power switches and control techniques
Authors: Choudhary Anurag , Kumar Rohit , Letha Shimi Sudha , Bakhsh Farhad Ilahi , Singh Arshdeep , Khan Mohammad Junaid 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCurrently, multilevel inverters (MLI) are comprehensively used to integrate renewable energy sources with the grid or high‐power applications. MLI has outstanding properties such as high‐level output voltage with tremendous power quality and negligible harmonics distortion. General MLI topologies have a more complex circuit, high overall cost and installation area. Due to a large number of power switches and isolation of control circuit, fewer power electronic switches and DC source along with its suitable control logic is the need of the hour. Therefore, a lot of research scope exists in this area. Here, some of the topologies with a fewer number of power switches are reviewed and scrutinized. An extensive analysis of the topologies, control strategy and applications are presented here, suggesting suitable multilevel inverter solutions to the known industrial application or new research.
Adverse selection in tontines
Authors: Moenig Thorsten , Zhu Nan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSeveral recent studies have cited the theoretical work of Valdez et al. [Insur: Math Econ 39(2):251–266, 2006] as evidence that there is less adverse selection in tontine-style products than in conventional life annuities. We argue that the modeling work and results of Valdez et al. [Insur: Math Econ 39(2):251–266, 2006] do not unconditionally support such a claim. Conducting our own analyses structured in a similar way but focusing on the relative instead of absolute change in annuity vs. tontine investments, we find that an individual with private information about their own survival prospect can potentially adversely select against tontines at the same, or even higher levels than against annuities. Our results suggest that the investor’s relative risk aversion is the driving factor of the relative susceptibility of the two products to adverse selection.
Refashioning Heredity
Authors: Powell James Lawrence 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Vavilov continued to try to appease Lysenko, but again was unsuccessful and the OGPU, the predecessor to the NKVD, opened a file on the geneticist. Meanwhile, the failed agricultural policies of Stalin and Lysenko led in the early 1930s to a famine called the Holodomor that cost millions of lives in Ukraine. With Stalin’s approval, Lysenko’s criticism of Vavilov became more open, and he doubled-down on his claim that he could easily transform one species into another. Vavilov was set to become the president of the International Genetics Congress, scheduled for Moscow in 1937, but Stalin canceled the meeting and forbade Soviet scientists from traveling outside the country.
Pseudoscience Defeats Science
Authors: Powell James Lawrence 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
After establishing his reputation on his claims that he could “vernalize” wheat, Lysenko next began to claim that he could also transform cotton and potatoes into other special. Mainstream biologists who criticized Lysenko began to disappear, and his followers assumed control of Soviet agriculture. The NKVD’s file on Vavilov continued to grow, while Lysenko openly denounced him in threatening language. Lysenko began to assume higher positions within the Soviet government, even becoming vice chairman of the Council of the Soviet Union, from which he was seated above Stalin. In 1939, Vavilov was arrested and subjected to a show trial that featured testimony from a man who had been shot three years earlier. He died of starvation in 1943 and his body was dumped in a common grave.
Rise and Fall
Authors: Powell James Lawrence 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Lysenko spent the war years in remote Omsk and afterward resumed his attack on genetics and modern biology. He and his followers began to make ever more absurd claims, such as that warblers could hatch cuckoos. Lysenko triumphed at the 1948 conference of the Lenin Academy, at which, with Stalin’s backing, he announced the rejection of genetics as the official policy of the Soviet Union. Biologists were fired, laboratories destroyed, books removed from library shelves, and curricula redone to comport with Lysenkoism. Stalin and Lysenko cooked up a plan to transform the grassy steppes into forests, but like almost everything else that Lysenko tried, it failed. After Stalin’s death in 1953, Khrushchev first criticized Lysenko, but then changed his mind. But with Khrushchev’s fall, Lysenko had lost his last protector, and he was banished to a rural farm. But by then, Soviet biology had been crippled and it would take generations to recover.
Big Brother, Little Brother
Authors: Powell James Lawrence 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
After the victory of Chinese Communists in 1949 and the ascension of Mao Zedong, China began to copy the policies of its “big brother,” the Soviet Union, including the wholesale adoption of Lysenkoism. But after Stalin’s death, word reached China that Lysenko had fallen out of favor, causing the Chinese authorities to back away from his pseudoscience. It was replaced by Mao’s own agricultural “constitution,” a collection of absurd policies that included, for example, dense planting of seedlings so that the plants could somehow support each other. This led to the famine of the Great Leap Forward, in which at least forty-five million Chinese died.
Jewish Physics
Authors: Powell James Lawrence 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
When Adolf Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, he immediately began to fire Jews from positions in government and universities, saying, “We do not need them.” This led to an exodus of German scientists, physicists in particular, who, had they remained in Germany, would have been invaluable to the German war effort. One German physicist, Philipp Lenard, espoused what he called German, or Aryan, physics, which led him to bitterly oppose Einstein, who had left Germany for America and never returned. Lenard’s example shows how even a Nobel laureate could be transformed into an ardent Nazi. Even non-Jews who fell out of favor with the Nazis, such as another Nobel laureate, Werner Heisenberg, could be dubbed “white Jews” and denied positions in German universities.
A Predictable Emergency
Authors: Powell James Lawrence 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
By the time the COVID-19 virus made its appearance in late 2019, the United States had conducted several simulations intended to provide the best response if and when the next pandemic arrived. One, called Crimson Contagion, predicted much of what happened when COVID-19 began, but almost none of its recommendations had been followed. As cases began to show up in the United States, President Trump consistently and deliberately played down the seriousness of the virus, saying, “This is a flu,” and, “Relax, we’re doing great. . . . It all will pass.” Trump initially supported lockdowns, but then refused to allow them. He endorsed quack remedies such as hydroxychloroquine and even appeared to support injections of bleach.
Politicization of COVID-19 Denial
Authors: Powell James Lawrence 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Studies by the Pew Research Center and others showed a profound difference between the number of deaths in red states versus blue ones. Before vaccines became widely available, there was virtually no difference in excess deaths between the two. After the vaccines arrived, excess deaths among Republicans were significantly higher, the price of self-inflicted science denial. One dangerous outcome of COVID-19 and vaccination denial is a falling confidence in medicine generally. One study found that even in 2021, the number of Republicans who got the flu vaccine had fallen from above 60 percent to just above 40 percent. To the south, the so-called Tropical Trump, President Jair Bolsonaro of Brazil, emulated his namesake in also calling COVID-19 “a little flu” and openly discouraging Brazilians from getting vaccinated. One group of researchers put the number of excess (unnecessary) deaths in Brazil between January 2020 and April 2021 at 370,000.
Mechanisms linking prenatal environment and linear growth: the case of Ramadan during pregnancy
Authors: Pradella Fabienne , Ewijk Reyn 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Despite established links between prenatal nutritional deprivation and impaired offspring growth, the underlying dynamics and potential moderators remain largely unexplored. This study investigates the dynamics underlying Ramadan during pregnancy and its associations with children’s linear growth, using data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (1993 – 2015). We exploit Ramadan during pregnancy as a natural experiment, separating exposure from maternal background characteristics and season of birth effects. Employing OLS and logistic regressions, we explore two key mechanisms predicted by medical theory. First, the realization of health impairments in response to prenatal shocks is influenced by postnatal circumstances. Our results reveal significant growth impairments primarily in children raised under poor sanitary conditions, which is a risk factor for diminished linear growth by itself. Secondly, we assess whether prenatal Ramadan prompts epigenetic shifts towards earlier reproductive activity, potentially at the expense of height growth. Our data shows that prenatally exposed women tend to have their first childbirth at a younger age, though menarche onset remains unaffected. These results suggest that postnatal environments play a crucial role in mitigating sensitivity to prenatal shocks, highlighting the critical need for favorable living conditions for all children.