bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CD14/TLR4 priming potentially recalibrates and exerts anti-tumor efficacy in tumor associated macrophages in a mouse model of pancreatic carcinoma
Authors: Prakash Hridayesh , Nadella Vinod , Singh Sandhya , Schmitz-Winnenthal Hubertus 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPancreatic cancer is the fourth major cause of cancer related deaths in the world and 5 year survival is below 5%. Among various tumor directed therapies, stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLR) has shown promising effects in various tumor models. However, pancreatic cancer cells frequently express these receptors themselves and their stimulation (TLR 2 and/or 4 particularly) within tumor microenvironment is known to potentially enhance tumor cell proliferation and cancer progression. Consistent stimulation of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs), in particular with tumor derived TLR ligand within the tumor microenvironment promotes cancer related inflammation, which is sterile, non-immunogenic and carcinogenic in nature. In view of this, recalibrating of TAM has the potential to induce immunogenic inflammation. Consistent with this, we provide experimental evidence for the first time in this study that priming of TAMs with TLR4 ligend (LPS) alone or in combination with IFN-γ not only recalibrates pancreatic tumor cells induced M2 polarization, but also confers anti-tumor potential in TAMs. Most interestingly, reduced tumor growth in macrophage depleted animals suggests that macrophage directed approaches are important for the management of pancreatic tumors.
Gene expression of muscular and neuronal pathways is cooperatively dysregulated in patients with idiopathic achalasia
Authors: Palmieri Orazio , Mazza Tommaso , Merla Antonio , Fusilli Caterina , Cuttitta Antonello , Martino Giuseppina , Latiano Tiziana , Corritore Giuseppe , Bossa Fabrizio , Palumbo Orazio , Muscarella Lucia Anna , Carella Massimo , Graziano Paolo , Andriulli Angelo , Latiano Anna 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIdiopathic achalasia is characterized by the absence of peristalsis secondary to loss of neurons in the myenteric plexus that hampers proper relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter. Achalasia can be considered a multifactorial disorder as it occurs in related individuals and is associated with HLA class II genes, thereby suggesting genetic influence. We used microarray technology and advanced in-silico functional analyses to perform the first genome-wide expression profiling of mRNA in tissue samples from 12 achalasia and 5 control patients. It revealed 1,728 differentially expressed genes, of these, 837 (48.4%) were up-regulated in cases. In particular, genes participating to the smooth muscle contraction biological function were mostly up-regulated. Functional analysis revealed a significant enrichment of neuronal/muscular and neuronal/immunity processes. Upstream regulatory analysis of 180 genes involved in these processes suggested TLR4 and IL18 as critical key-players. Two functional gene networks were significantly over-represented: one involved in organ morphology, skeletal muscle system development and function and neurological diseases and the other participating in cell morphology, humoral immune response and cellular movement. These results highlight on pivotal genes that may play critical roles in neuronal/muscular and neuronal/immunity processes and that may contribute to the onset and development of achalasia.
Value of corneal epithelial and Bowman’s layer vertical thickness profiles generated by UHR-OCT for sub-clinical keratoconus diagnosis
Authors: Xu Zhe , Jiang Jun , Yang Chun , Huang Shenghai , Peng Mei , Li Weibo , Cui Lele , Wang Jianhua , Lu Fan , Shen Meixiao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUltra-high resolution optical coherence tomography (UHR-OCT) can image the corneal epithelium and Bowman’s layer and measurement the thicknesses. The purpose of this study was to validate the diagnostic power of vertical thickness profiles of the corneal epithelium and Bowman’s layer imaged by UHR-OCT in the diagnosis of sub-clinical keratoconus (KC). Each eye of 37 KC patients, asymptomatic fellow eyes of 32 KC patients and each eye of 81 normal subjects were enrolled. Vertical thickness profiles of the corneal epithelium and Bowman’s layer were measured by UHR-OCT. Diagnostic indices were calculated from vertical thickness profiles of each layer and output values of discriminant functions based on individual indices. Receiver operating characteristic curves were determined and the accuracy of the diagnostic indices were assessed as the area under the curves (AUC). Among all of the individual indices, the maximum ectasia index for epithelium had the highest ability to discriminate sub-clinical KC from normal corneas (AUC = 0.939). The discriminant function containing maximum ectasia indices of epithelium and Bowman’s layer further increased the AUC value (AUC = 0.970) for sub-clinical KC diagnosis. UHR-OCT-derived thickness indices from the entire vertical thickness profiles of the corneal epithelium and Bowman’s layer can provide valuable diagnostic references to detect sub-clinical KC.
Interactions among Drosophila larvae before and during collision
Authors: Otto Nils , Risse Benjamin , Berh Dimitri , Bittern Jonas , Jiang Xiaoyi , Klämbt Christian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn populations of Drosophila larvae, both, an aggregation and a dispersal behavior can be observed. However, the mechanisms coordinating larval locomotion in respect to other animals, especially in close proximity and during/after physical contacts are currently only little understood. Here we test whether relevant information is perceived before or during larva-larva contacts, analyze its influence on behavior and ask whether larvae avoid or pursue collisions. Employing frustrated total internal reflection-based imaging (FIM) we first found that larvae visually detect other moving larvae in a narrow perceptive field and respond with characteristic escape reactions. To decipher larval locomotion not only before but also during the collision we utilized a two color FIM approach (FIM2c), which allowed to faithfully extract the posture and motion of colliding animals. We show that during collision, larval locomotion freezes and sensory information is sampled during a KISS phase (german: Kollisions Induziertes Stopp Syndrom or english: collision induced stop syndrome). Interestingly, larvae react differently to living, dead or artificial larvae, discriminate other Drosophila species and have an increased bending probability for a short period after the collision terminates. Thus, Drosophila larvae evolved means to specify behaviors in response to other larvae.
Synthetic antimicrobial and LPS-neutralising peptides suppress inflammatory and immune responses in skin cells and promote keratinocyte migration
Authors: Pfalzgraff Anja , Heinbockel Lena , Su Qi , Gutsmann Thomas , Brandenburg Klaus , Weindl Günther 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe stagnation in the development of new antibiotics and the concomitant high increase of resistant bacteria emphasize the urgent need for new therapeutic options. Antimicrobial peptides are promising agents for the treatment of bacterial infections and recent studies indicate that Pep19-2.5, a synthetic anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) peptide (SALP), efficiently neutralises pathogenicity factors of Gram-negative (LPS) and Gram-positive (lipoprotein/-peptide, LP) bacteria and protects against sepsis. Here, we investigated the potential of Pep19-2.5 and the structurally related compound Pep19-4LF for their therapeutic application in bacterial skin infections. SALPs inhibited LP-induced phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 and p38 MAPK and reduced cytokine release and gene expression in primary human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. In LPS-stimulated human monocyte-derived dendritic cells and Langerhans-like cells, the peptides blocked IL-6 secretion, downregulated expression of maturation markers and inhibited dendritic cell migration. Both SALPs showed a low cytotoxicity in all investigated cell types. Furthermore, SALPs markedly promoted cell migration via EGFR transactivation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation and accelerated artificial wound closure in keratinocytes. Peptide-induced keratinocyte migration was mediated by purinergic receptors and metalloproteases. In contrast, SALPs did not affect proliferation of keratinocytes. Conclusively, our data suggest a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of patients with acute and chronic skin infections.
Critically evaluating the theory and performance of Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixtures
Authors: Moore Brian R. , Höhna Sebastian , May Michael R. , Rannala Bruce , Huelsenbeck John P. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
We show that Bayesian analysis of macroevolutionary mixtures (BAMM)—a method for identifying lineage-specific diversification rates—is flawed. Exposing the problems with BAMM is important both to empiricists (to avoid making unreliable inferences using this method) and to theoreticians (to focus their efforts on solving the problems that we identify).
miR-322/-503 cluster is expressed in the earliest cardiac progenitor cells and drives cardiomyocyte specification
Authors: Shen Xiaopeng , Soibam Benjamin , Benham Ashley , Xu Xueping , Chopra Mani , Peng Xiaoping , Yu Wei , Bao Wenjing , Liang Rui , Azares Alon , Liu Peijun , Gunaratne Preethi H. , Mercola Mark , Cooney Austin J. , Schwartz Robert J. , Liu Yu 
Published: August 2016

Significance
Compared with microRNAs (miRNAs) enriched in cardiac and skeletal muscles, little is known about miRNAs expressed in early cardiac progenitors. Here, we show that mesoderm posterior 1 (Mesp1) transactivates a large number of miRNAs that may promote cardiomyocyte formation. The miR-322/-503 cluster has the highest enrichment in the Mesp1 lineage of cardiac progenitor cells, is specifically expressed in the developing heart tube, and drives precocious cardiomyocyte formation by targeting an RNA-binding factor, CUG-binding protein Elav-like family member 1 (Celf1). This study fills a gap in our knowledge about miRNAs acting early in the cardiac program and identifies previously unreported candidates in promoting cardiac regeneration.
Cellular normoxic biophysical markers of hydroxyurea treatment in sickle cell disease
Authors: Hosseini Poorya , Abidi Sabia Z. , Du E , Papageorgiou Dimitrios P. , Choi Youngwoon , Park YongKeun , Higgins John M. , Kato Gregory J. , Suresh Subra , Dao Ming , Yaqoob Zahid , So Peter T. C. 
Published: August 2016

Significance
There exists a critical need for developing biomarkers reflecting clinical outcomes and for evaluating the effectiveness of treatments for sickle cell disease patients. Prior attempts to find such patient-specific markers have mostly relied upon chemical biomarkers or biophysical properties at hypoxia with limited success. We introduce unique biomarkers based on characterization of cellular biophysical properties at normoxia and show that these markers correlate sensitively with treatment using hydroxyurea (HU), the only US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug for sickle cell disease patients. Our unique choice of cellular biophysical markers strongly correlates with mean cellular volume rather than fetal hemoglobin level, which provides insights into possible mechanisms through which HU treatment results in beneficial clinical outcomes.
Feasibility of Tagging Walleye Pollock Captured with Hook and Line using External Tags
Authors: Rutecki Thomas L. , Ianelli J. N. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We evaluated methods of minimizing mechanical injury to Walleye Pollock Gadus chalcogrammus when tagging them with external identification tags. Walleye Pollock (20–62 cm FL) were captured with hook and line near Auke Bay, Southeast Alaska, and were tagged with either T-bar anchor tags or lock-on tags, which were anticipated to be used for tagging studies in the Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea. The tested handling procedures included transferring the tagged fish between live tanks either by using a dip net (dipnetted group) or with wet, bare hands (non-dipnetted group). Sixty percent of the dipnetted fish (63 of 105) died, whereas 12% of the non-dipnetted fish (17 of 138) died. Overall, 50% of the deaths occurred within 7 d after capture, and 89% of the deaths occurred within 10 d after capture. Of the dipnetted fish that died, 68% (n = 43) died from dermal infection due to scale loss, whereas 30% of the non-dipnetted fish mortalities were from dermal infection. Additionally, injuries that were recorded as potential mortality factors included fin loss, torn jaws, internal dysfunction, and unknown. All of the fish that received lock-on tags and 93% of the fish that were anchor-tagged developed an infection at the point of tag insertion. Tag retention rates were 99.5% for lock-on tags and 93.7% for anchor tags, and tag type did not affect survival. Use of hook-and-line capture is an effective method for reducing mechanical injury and mortality in Walleye Pollock. Recommended procedures for capturing and tagging Walleye Pollock include the use of hook and line and the use of wet, bare hands (or a similar low-abrasion approach) when handling the fish.
Received July 13, 2015; accepted March 7, 2016
Frequency importance function for monosyllables in Malayalam
Authors: Narne Vijaya Kumar , Prabhu Prashanth , Thuvassery Priyanka , Ramachandran Resmitha , Kumar Akriti , Raveendran Revathi , Gafoor Shezeen Abdul 
Published: August 2016

Objectives:
The phonetic content of Malayalam is different from English and other Indian languages as it may contain more low frequency energy. The present study aimed to determine the frequency importance function (FIF) for monosyllables of Malayalam Language.

Study design:
Nineteen monosyllables spoken by a native female Malayalam speaker was used for the study. The speech stimuli were digitally filtered into 20 high pass and 20 low pass conditions. Speech noise was added to create nine conditions with SNRs of +8, +6, +4, +2, 0, −2, −4, −6 and −8 dB. The filtered stimuli were presented at these SNRs to 10 normal-hearing Malayalam speakers and were asked to identify the phonemes.

Results:
The FIF estimated in Malayalam language was compared with the FIF in English obtained from the published literature. The result shows that Malayalam has more weightage for low frequencies compared to English. The probable reason could be because of the inherent phonetic differences. The use of more nasalized speech which has low frequency content might have led to this result.

Conclusions:
The results of the study suggest that hearing aid fitting in Malayalam speakers should focus on providing more gain at low frequencies for better hearing aid benefit. The study needs to be performed on a larger population for better generalization of the results.
Interaction of external n  =  1 magnetic fields with the sawtooth instability in low-q RFX-mod and DIII-D tokamaks
Authors: Piron C. , Martin P. , Bonfiglio D. , Hanson J. , Logan N.C. , Paz-Soldan C. , Piovesan P. , Turco F. , Bialek J. , Franz P. , Jackson G. , Lanctot M.J. , Navratil G.A. , Okabayashi M. , Strait E. , Terranova D. , Turnbull A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
External n  =  1 magnetic fields are applied in RFX-mod and DIII-D low safety factor Tokamak plasmas to investigate their interaction with the internal MHD dynamics and in particular with the sawtooth instability. In these experiments the applied magnetic fields cause a reduction of both the sawtooth amplitude and period, leading to an overall stabilizing effect on the oscillations. In RFX-mod sawteeth eventually disappear and are replaced by a stationary m  =  1, n  =  1 helical equilibrium without an increase in disruptivity. However toroidal rotation is significantly reduced in these plasmas, thus it is likely that the sawtooth mitigation in these experiments is due to the combination of the helically deformed core and the reduced rotation. The former effect is qualitatively well reproduced by nonlinear MHD simulations performed with the PIXIE3D code. The results obtained in these RFX-mod experiments motivated similar ones in DIII-D L-mode diverted Tokamak plasmas at low q
95. These experiments succeeded in reproducing the sawtooth mitigation with the approach developed in RFX-mod. In DIII-D this effect is correlated with a clear increase of the n  =  1 plasma response, that indicates an enhancement of the coupling to the marginally stable n  =  1 external kink, as simulations with the linear MHD code IPEC suggest. A significant rotation braking in the plasma core is also observed in DIII-D. Numerical calculations of the neoclassical toroidal viscosity (NTV) carried out with PENT identify this torque as a possible contributor for this effect.
Fine structure zonal flow excitation by beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode
Authors: Qiu Zhiyong , Chen Liu , Zonca Fulvio 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Nonlinear excitation of low frequency zonal structure (LFZS) by beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode (BAE) is investigated using nonlinear gyrokinetic theory. It is found that electrostatic zonal flow (ZF), rather than zonal current, is preferentially excited by finite amplitude BAE. In addition to the well-known meso-scale radial envelope structure, ZF is also found to exhibit fine radial structure due to the localization of BAE with respect to mode rational surfaces. Specifically, the zonal electric field has an even mode structure at the rational surface where radial envelope peaks.
Nonlinear evolution of multi-helicity neo-classical tearing modes in rotating tokamak plasmas
Authors: Wei Lai , Wang Zheng-Xiong , Wang Jialei , Yang Xuefeng 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Plasma perturbations from the core and/or boundary regions of tokamaks can provide seed islands for the excitation of neo-classical tearing modes (NTMs) with negative

Δ

′

, where

Δ

′

is the linear instability parameter of the classical tearing mode. In this work, by means of reduced magnetohydrodynamic simulations, we numerically investigate the nonlinear evolution of multi-helicity NTMs in rotating tokamak plasmas with these two types of plasma perturbations with different boundary conditions. In the first case of initial plasma perturbations from the core region with a zero boundary condition, the meta-stable property of seed-island triggered NTM with negative

Δ

′

is verified in the single helicity simulation. Nevertheless in the multiple helicity simulation, this seed-island triggered NTM with negative

Δ

′

can be suppressed by a spontaneous NTM with positive

Δ

′

through the competitive interaction between NTMs with different helicities. If a fixed poloidal rotation is taken into account in the first case, two different helicity NTMs could coexist in the saturation stage, which is different qualitatively from the process without plasma rotation. In the second case of initial plasma perturbations from the boundary region with a nonzero boundary condition, as the amplitude of plasma perturbations on the boundary increases, the mode with negative

Δ

′

gradually changes from the driven-reconnection state to the NTM state, accompanied by an enhancement of magnetic island width in the single helicity simulation. Nevertheless in the multi-helicity simulation, the spontaneous NTM with positive

Δ

′

can make the driven-reconnection triggered NTM with negative

Δ

′

transfer from the NTM state back to the driven-reconnection state again. The underlying mechanism behind these transitions is analyzed step by step. Effects of fixed and unfixed poloidal rotations on the nonlinear interaction processes are also investigated in detail. In addition, the appearance and disappearance of the magnetic stochasticity resulting from the nonlinear coupling among the multi-helicity NTMs are discussed in the second case.
Family-friendly Employment Laws (Re)assessed: The Potential of Care Ethics
Authors: James Grace 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In light of various reforms in recent years, this article provides a (re)assessment of the broad package of family-friendly employment rights and relevant dispute resolution procedure now available to pregnant workers and working carers. It exposes how the realities of working life for many pregnant workers and carers and the long standing desire to promote gender equality in informal care-work remain at odds with the legal framework. An argument is presented in favour of an approach that, based upon the concept of care ethics, better engages with the impact of the provisions upon crucial interdependent care relationships.
Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing Among United States Nurse Practitioners and Physician Assistants
Authors: Sanchez Guillermo V. , Hersh Adam L. , Shapiro Daniel J. , Cawley James F. , Hicks Lauri A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We examined US nurse practitioner (NP) and physician assistant (PA) outpatient antibiotic prescribing. Antibiotics were more frequently prescribed during visits involving NP/PA visits compared with physician-only visits, including overall visits (17% vs 12%, P &lt; .0001) and acute respiratory infection visits (61% vs 54%, P &lt; .001). Antibiotic stewardship interventions should target NPs and PAs.
Legionnaires' Disease Outbreak at a Resort in Cozumel, Mexico
Authors: Hampton Lee M. , Garrison Laurel , Kattan Jessica , Brown Ellen , Kozak-Muiznieks Natalia A. , Lucas Claressa , Fields Barry , Fitzpatrick Nicole , Sapian Luis , Martin-Escobar Teresa , Waterman Stephen , Hicks Lauri A. , Alpuche-Aranda Celia , Lopez-Gatell Hugo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground.  A Legionnaires' disease (LD) outbreak at a resort on Cozumel Island in Mexico was investigated by a joint Mexico-United States team in 2010. This is the first reported LD outbreak in Mexico, where LD is not a reportable disease.Methods.  Reports of LD among travelers were solicited from US health departments and the European Working Group for Legionella Infections. Records from the resort and Cozumel Island health facilities were searched for possible LD cases. In April 2010, the resort was searched for possible Legionella exposure sources. The temperature and total chlorine of the water at 38 sites in the resort were measured, and samples from those sites were tested for Legionella.Results.  Nine travelers became ill with laboratory-confirmed LD within 2 weeks of staying at the resort between May 2008 and April 2010. The resort and its potable water system were the only common exposures. No possible LD cases were identified among resort workers. Legionellae were found to have extensively colonized the resort's potable water system. Legionellae matching a case isolate were found in the resort's potable water system.Conclusions.  Medical providers should test for LD when treating community-acquired pneumonia that is severe or affecting patients who traveled in the 2 weeks before the onset of symptoms. When an LD outbreak is detected, the source should be identified and then aggressively remediated. Because LD can occur in tropical and temperate areas, all countries should consider making LD a reportable disease if they have not already done so.