bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Einsatz von langwirksamen Dreifachkombinationen in der Praxis zur Therapie der chronisch-obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (COPD) – Die ELETHON-Versorgungsstudie
Authors: Beeh Kai-Michael , Krüger Saskia 
Published: October 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Studiendaten weisen auf Versorgungslücken im COPD-Langzeitmanagement mit Diskrepanzen zwischen Leitlinienempfehlungen und deren praktischer Umsetzung hin. Die Gründe sind nur unzureichend bekannt. Ziel der ELETHON-Arztbefragung war die Erfassung ärztlicher Einstellungen und Meinungen zu allgemeinen Konzepten der COPD-Therapie, und im Speziellen zur Initiierung einer inhalativen Dreifachtherapie.
Methodik ELETHON war eine bundesweit durchgeführte Querschnittstudie im ambulanten Sektor bei Hausärzten und Pneumologen unter Verwendung eines strukturierten Fragebogens (17 geschlossene Single- bzw. Multiple-Choice-Fragen) zu den Themen Sekundärprävention, Erfassung von Exazerbationen, Therapieeskalation, Auswahl von inhalativen Dreifachtherapien und Prüfung des Therapieerfolgs bei COPD.
Ergebnisse Fragebögen von n=2028 Hausärzten (HA) und n=371
Pneumologen (FA) wurden ausgewertet. Beide Gruppen weisen der Sekundärprävention bei COPD
einen hohen Stellenwert zu (HA/FA 76,4%/90,6%), mit Prüfung von Inhalationstechnik, Impfstatus
und adäquater inhalativer Pharmakotherapie als wichtigste Bausteine. Aktivität/Rehabilitation
wurde bei Hausärzten deutlich seltener genannt (48,3 vs. 84,5%). Exazerbationen und
Symptomverschlechterung gelten als dominierende Parameter für eine Therapieeskalation, werden
jedoch mehrheitlich unsystematisch erfasst. Als Schwelle wurden „Hospitalisierung“ und „≥2
ambulante Exazerbationen“ am häufigsten genannt. Eosinophile werden mehrheitlich nicht
bestimmt. Bei der Auswahl von Dreifachtherapien werden Festkombinationen bevorzugt, die
Verfügbarkeit im gleichen Inhalator wie eine Mono- oder duale Therapie als wichtig betont. Der
Therapieerfolg wird anhand von Exazerbationen, Lebensqualität, Symptomen, Lungenfunktion und
Bedarfsmedikation bewertet. Der COPD Assessment Test (CAT)-Score kommt nur bei wenigen HA/FA
zum Einsatz.
Diskussion und Schlussfolgerung Die ELETHON-Arztbefragung zeigt Lücken im COPD-Management auf. Das Konzept der Sekundärprävention wird als wichtig angesehen, dennoch erfolgt eine Therapieeskalation eher spät. Die Bedeutung des Impfstatus deckt sich nicht mit aktuellen Impfquoten, nicht-pharmakologische Maßnahmen werden unzureichend genutzt. Die Erfassung von Exazerbationen und Symptomatik erfolgt unsystematisch; validierte Fragebögen und Eosinophile haben nur einen untergeordneten Stellenwert. ELETHON liefert wichtige Erkenntnisse zu Barrieren und versteckten Potenzialen im Versorgungsalltag der COPD bei Haus- und Fachärzten in Deutschland.
Ventilatory thresholds in professional female soccer
players
Authors: Parpa Koulla , Michaelides Marcos A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the ventilatory thresholds (VT1 and VT2) along with the
corresponding heart rates, velocities and % of V̇O2 max at which
these thresholds are reached in professional female soccer players. It also
examined positional differences in the aforementioned parameters. Thirty-three
professional players from two teams (age range 18–31 years) were recruited. The
players underwent maximal exercise testing on the treadmill for the detection of
VT1 (V̇E versus V̇O2 plot) and VT2 (V̇E versus V̇CO2
plot). The test began at a speed of 6km/h and was increased by 2 km/h every 3.15
minutes, with the inclination constant at 1%. Results indicated that the players
had an average V̇O2 max of 50.24
ml·kg− 1.min− 1. VT1 (% max) and VT2 (% max) were
shown at 72.87% and 91.26% of V̇O2 max, respectively. The respective
velocities at VT1 and VT2 were indicated at 10.85 km/h and 12.91 km/h,
respectively, while the average VV̇O2 max was 14.61 km/h. The average
heart rates at VT1, VT2 and V̇O2 max were 159.33, 185.15 and 192.85
beats per minute, respectively. Furthermore, analysis of variance ANOVA
indicated significant differences in velocity at V̇O2max. This study
provides important normative data regarding the ventilatory thresholds of female
soccer players.
N-Alkyl Isofagomine Lactams: Synthesis, Glycosidase Inhibition, and Antimicrobial Assessments
Authors: López Óscar , Lindbäck Emil , Moreń Monika , Pereira Lourenço Ana Laura , Cerdà-Cuéllar Marta , Kochanowski Karl , Jørgensen Kåre B. , Sydnes Magne O. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA series of six N-alkyl isofagomine lactam derivatives is synthesized over ten steps from d-arabinose. The compounds are evaluated as glycosidase inhibitors. It was found that the N-alkyl groups have a detrimental effect on the glycosidase inhibition activities, as the prepared N-alkyl isofagomine lactam derivatives are much less potent glycosidase inhibitors than native isofagomine lactam.
Giant Olfactory Groove Meningiomas: A Case Series Demonstrating the Surgical Management and Functional Outcomes
Authors: Elbadry Ashraf , Abdelazeez Azza , Badran Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Objective Giant olfactory groove meningiomas (OGMs) present technical challenges in their management, especially when their size and location complicate the evaluation and planning process, making complete removal difficult. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the surgical approaches and outcomes encountered in the management of giant OGMs at a single institution.
Materials and Methods This retrospective study evaluated surgical and functional outcomes in 71 patients diagnosed with giant OGMs larger than 6 cm. Tumors were excised using microsurgical resection via the bifrontal, pterional, or combined pterional and unifrontal approaches.
Results The study comprised 48 females (67.6%) and 23 males (32.4%), with a mean age of 54.1 years. The most common pathological type was meningothelial meningioma (45%). The bifrontal approach was the most frequently used (n = 47, 66.2%) and resulted in Simpson grade I or II resection in 41 patients (87.2%). The combined pterional and unifrontal approaches were used in 16 patients (22.5%), achieving Simpson grade I or II resection in 12 (75%). The pterional approach was the least commonly used (n = 8), with Simpson grade I or II resection achieved in 50% of these patients. Postoperatively, visual acuity and cognitive function improved during follow-up. Postoperative complications were frequently observed after the bifrontal approach. Three patients (4.2%) died.
Conclusion The bifrontal approach resulted in better resection of giant OGMs than other approaches but was associated with more complications. The combined pterional and unifrontal approach was superior to the pterional approach in terms of OGM resection, with no differences in complication rates. Significant postoperative improvements in functional outcomes, including visual acuity and cognitive function, were observed.
An in situ combustion carbon deposit diagnostic instrument based on Raman microscopy
Authors: Tian Zhen-Yu , Jin Kai-Ru , Kuang Jiu-Jie 
Published: October 2024

Carbon deposit of the aero-engine combustor, resulting from incomplete combustion and fuel pyrolysis, can cause nozzle blockage, fuel consumption increase, power decrease, and even flight unsafety. In this work, an in situ combustion carbon deposit diagnostic instrument is developed to reveal the crystalline structure and the changes under real combustion conditions. The instrument integrates the in situ microscopic Raman technique and the combustion system. The burner is characterized by a sloping tip, making it possible to observe the coke from the side view. The burner is installed to the optical positioning stage by a specially made adapter so that the relative location is fixed and it is possible to observe the carbon deposit from the ignition. The carbon deposit of acetylene/air diffusion jet flame was studied. A 50× objective lens was used to collect the Raman scattering signal of carbon deposits continuously 30 s after ignition. A five-band model was used to fit the Raman spectra. The time-resolved information was calculated, including the normalized total area, area proportion, peak ratio, and crystalline size. The results show that the carbon deposit of acetylene flames with different velocities presents different tendencies of formation and degree of graphitization, which is attributed to the influence of temperature and flow. The performance of this system is evaluated quantitatively. The signal-to-noise ratio of Raman spectra of carbon deposits ranges from 6.4 to 28.9. This work provides an in situ method to analyze the dynamic change of carbon deposit on the burner, and further work is needed to reveal the mechanism.
Measurements of K-edge and L-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure at the national ignition facility (invited)
Authors: Sio H. , Krygier A. , Stoupin S. , Rudd R. E. , Bonev S. A. , Braun D. G. , Coppari F. , Coleman A. L. , Bhandarkar N. , Bitter M. , Bradley D. K. , Buscho J. , Corbin J. , Dozieres M. , Efthimion P. C. , Eggert J. H. , Gao L. , Hill K. W. , Hamel S. , Hsing W. , Kozioziemski B. , Kraus B. F. , Landen O. L. , Le Galloudec K. , Lockard T. E. , Mackinnon A. , May M. , McNaney J. M. , Ose N. , Pablant N. , Park H.-S. , Riddles J. , Sharma M. , Schneider M. B. , Stan C. , Thompson N. , Thorn D. B. , Vonhof S. , Ping Y. 
Published: October 2024

High-energy-density laser facilities and advances in dynamic compression techniques have expanded access to material states in the Terapascal regime relevant to inertial confinement fusion, planetary science, and geophysics. However, experimentally determining the material temperature in these extreme conditions has remained a difficult challenge. Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS), referring to the modulations in x-ray absorption above an absorption edge from photoelectrons’ interactions with neighboring atoms, has proven to be a versatile and robust technique for probing material temperature and density for mid-to-high Z elements under dynamic compression. The current platform at the National Ignition Facility has developed six configurations for EXAFS measurements between 7 and 18 keV for different absorption edges (Fe K, Co K, Cu K, Ta L3, Pb L3, and Zr K) using a curved-crystal spectrometer and a bright, continuum foil x-ray source. In this work, we describe the platform geometry, x-ray source performance, spectrometer resolution and throughput, design considerations, and data in ambient and dynamic-compression conditions.
Mesoporous La0.8Sr0.2CoO3/H-COK-12 catalyst synthesized by template method: Highly active for the complete oxidation of CO
Authors: Wang Xuefang , Chen Jieming , Li Chunhui , Liu Pan , Zha Xiaoqin 
Published: October 2024

Using cheap sodium silicate as a silica source and surfactant P123 as a soft template, an environment-friendly mesoporous material, COK-12, was prepared in a near-neutral environment. COK-12 was modified with n-hexane to obtain an H-COK-12 template with a compact and ordered pore structure. In this study, the modified mesoporous material H-COK-12 was used as the template for the first time, and the mesoporous La0.8Sr0.2CoO3 (LSC) catalyst was prepared by nano-casting method combined with sol–gel method. The results showed that the LSC-650 catalyst synthesized at 650 °C for 2 h possessed a large specific surface area (103.46 m2/g) and the highest surface Co4+/Co3+ and Oads/Olat molar ratio. In addition, the CO conversion with the LSC-T (T = 550, 600, 650, 700 °C) samples indicated that the LSC-650 sample had the best catalytic activity (T50 = 145 °C, T90 = 149 °C) and stability.
Dispersion leading potential energy surface of N2·NbN12−: Anion photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical studies
Authors: Liu Kai-Wen , Yang Bin , Wang Peng , Yan Shuai-Ting , Xu Xi-Ling , Xu Hong-Guang , Zheng Wei-Jun 
Published: October 2024

In order to understand the dispersion interactions between molecules and to provide information about the potential energy surface of geometry evolutions, NbN12− and N2·NbN12− complexes were investigated by using photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations. The experimental adiabatic detachment energy (ADE) and vertical detachment energy (VDE) of NbN12− were both measured to be 2.129 ± 0.030 eV. The experimental ADE and VDE of N2·NbN12− were measured to be 2.17 ± 0.05 and 2.23 ± 0.05 eV, respectively, which are slightly higher than those of NbN12−. The structures of NbN12−/0 were confirmed to be hexacoordinated octahedrons. The investigation of N2·NbN12− structures shows that it is stable for N2 to bind to the face or vertex site of octahedron NbN12−; the face-side-on structure has the lowest energy. The calculations based on symmetry-adapted perturbation theory suggest that the dispersion term is predominant and leads to the stability of N2·NbN12− complexes.
Quantum gravity phenomenology and the blackbody radiation
Authors: Turcati R , Soares I , Duarte S B 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We analyze the blackbody radiation problem in the presence of quantum gravity effects encoded in modified dispersion relations. The spectral radiance and the generalized Stefan–Boltzmann law are studied in this context. Furthermore, the regime of low temperatures is also contemplated, where features related to the blackbody thermal laws and the thermodynamic quantities such as energy, pressure, entropy, and specific heat are obtained. Possible implications in compact objects such as neutron stars are also discussed.
Sensemaking of wave–particle duality in a scientific outreach minicourse: a study based in self-regulation
Authors: Thomas Becker Matheus Henrique , Heidemann Leonardo Albuquerque , Lima Nathan Willig 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
On the Internet, Quantum Mechanics is an area of physics that is shrouded in misinterpretations. In this scenario, scientific outreach may serve as an instrument for disseminating scientific knowledge. Especially in this context, it is important that people’s learning encompasses more than the meanings of concepts and laws, involving aspects related to the ‘why’ and ‘for what purpose’ the knowledge was and is constructed. We consider these aspects as components of the sense, the connotative and subjective dimension of conceptual learning which encompasses a positioning of an individual towards a concept and its relevance in the physics framework. Motivated by this, in the present study, we investigated the senses ascribed to the concept of wave–particle duality (WPD) by 121 participants in a two-day (five-hour) science outreach minicourse in the double-slit experiment. Drawing on the ideas of Franco et al (2023, Cadernos de Pesquisa do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ensino de Física da UFRGS (Research Notebooks from the Postgraduate Program in Physics Teaching at UFRGS), Pimenta Cultural Editors S/A), we posit sensemaking as a type of cognitive effort to overcome a situation, viewed as a self-regulatory phenomenon wherein individuals self-observe, self-evaluate, and self-react to the situation to achieve a certain goal. In addition to identifying the senses attributed to the concept of WPD, we assessed the relationships between these senses and participants’ performance in a standardized test of this concept, as well as their educational background and field of study. Data were collected using questionnaires answered before and at the end of the course. The senses ascribed to the concept of WPD were investigated through similarity and cluster analysis based on responses to essay questions. The relationships among these senses, questionnaire performance, and educational background were evaluated using non-parametric statistical tests. We infer two senses attributed to wave–particle duality: (1) WPD is a basic and fundamental concept that impacts the way we comprehend the essence of nature, and (2) WPD is a very advanced concept restricted to the field of Quantum Mechanics. A statistically significant correlation (0.26 was identified between the senses attributed and participants’ performance on the standardized test, suggesting that the sense ascribed to a concept and performance in questions requiring its mobilization are overlapping elements but constitute two distinct dimensions of learning that need to be assessed simultaneously.
Ponderomotive potential effects on strong field two-photon double ionization in neon
Authors: Veerbhan Vidhi , Chatterjee Souvik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the context of the recently reported experiment on photoionization in neon atom, we theoretically study the photoionization of neon atom at a comparatively intense laser field. The calculated photoelectron spectrum for a Gaussian laser pulse show an asymmetric double peak line shape at a pulse duration of 14.2 fs and peak intensity of 1 × 1015 W cm−2. A systematic study clearly indicates that the ponderomotive potential of the photoelectron released during photoionization of neon is instrumental in causing the visible asymmetry. Interestingly, for similar laser parameters asymmetry in the photoelectron spectrum gets significantly reduced for a Sech2 shaped laser pulse. Time resolved photoelectron spectrum reveals that even for a Sech2 shaped laser pulse the two peak photoelectron spectrum is initially asymmetric and evolves into a symmetric line shape with increase in time. The results clearly indicate that irrespective of laser pulse shape asymmetry shows a non-linear decrease as a function of time. Our study also shows the possibility of controlling the asymmetry by varying the pulse duration. The calculations establishes a correlation between the effects of direct double ionization and ponderomotive potential on the asymmetry of the photoelectron spectrum at different pulse durations.
Evaluating the effects of three anesthetic regimens on retinal structure and function in the living mouse eye using a customized bimodal OCT/ORG system
Authors: Ma Yanhong , Dong Rongyao , Song Tianqi , Zhou Mingliang , Bai Jing , Wang Shuai , Bell Brent A , Zhang Pengfei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that generates cross-sectional images of biological tissues at millimeter-level penetration depth with micron-level resolution. In this study, we developed a custom spectral-domain OCT system equipped with a flash stimulus module for dual-modality imaging of mouse retinal structure and function. The axial resolution of the system reached ∼2.7/2 μm in air/tissue following optimization and calibration. We deployed this system to conduct in vivo OCT structural imaging and optoretinography (ORG) functional assessment of mouse retina to investigate the effects of three anesthesia regimens. Statistical analysis of the results indicates that anesthesia results in a smaller relative intensity of inner/outer segment junction and external limiting membrane and a thickening of the outer segment compared to an awake state. Meanwhile, significant differences were observed in the effects on retinal structure and function between isoflurane and tribromoethanol anesthesia, while differences between isoflurane and esketamine+xylazine groups were small. These findings suggest that the type of anesthetic should be taken into account when comparing imaging results across studies reported in the literature.
A novel ultra-wideband rasorber based on triple lossy layers
Authors: Wen Kaihuai , Wang Yun , Yue Xiuli , Qiu Riquan , Han Tiancheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
By surpassing the limitations of transmission efficiency found in traditional double-lossy-layers rasorbers, a novel rasorber with three distinct lossy absorption layers is presented, offering low insertion loss and ultra-wideband bandwidth. Compared to conventional rasorbers which have non-negligible insertion loss and large thickness, our design extends the bandwidth in the higher frequency band without increasing thickness, while maintaining high transmission efficiency. To further broaden the absorption band, an additional lossy layer resonating at lower frequency band, with high transmission above the resonance frequency was incorporated into the previous design. The composite structure is developed by the equivalent circuit model whose results are in accord well with the simulation results. The simulated results demonstrate that an insertion loss of 0.37 dB at 10 GHz, and a 159.5% 10 dB reflection reduction bandwidth from 2.04 to 18.05 GHz are attained under normal incidence. A manufactured specimen of the proposed structure is measured to validate our design.
Discharge modes evolution characteristics of metal particle on the spacer surface in AC gas insulated switchgear
Authors: Nie Jiayi , Fan Xing , Pei Zhehao , Ge Dong , Xu Yuan , Xiang Nianwen , Chen Weijiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Flashover faults on gas insulated switchgear (GIS) insulators induced by metal particles occur frequently. Previous studies have obtained the characteristics of partial discharges (PDs) induced by metal particles on spacer surfaces, but these characteristics cannot explain the detection failure of ultra-high frequency (UHF) online monitoring. To enable further study of the PD characteristics induced by surface metal particles, the space electric field and a very-high-sensitivity pulse current (PC) measurement system were established. The electric field and PC characteristics of a PD induced by metal particle on the spacer surface of a 126 kV GIS were obtained. Two PD modes were found to be induced by surface metal particles. In addition to the typical pulse discharge (TP), there is a micro-discharge group (MG) mode with low apparent charge and long duration. The average apparent charge of the MG mode is approximately one-tenth of that of the TP at 0.4 pC. Its duration may extend to the millisecond level, causing significant distortion of the spatial electric field while hardly producing UHF signals. Moreover, increasing the applied voltage will increase the proportion of the MG within the total discharge, where this proportion can reach more than 90% before flashover, and the proportion of the discharge pulses that generates UHF signals is as low as 1%. The MG generation mechanism is analysed, the ion group stranded on the spacer surface by the TP changes the local electric field at the tip of the metal particle, which reduces the development length and apparent charge of the MG. Low apparent charge is cleared easily by the background electric field and thus the discharge interval is very short. This paper can provide an important basis for revealing the mechanism of GIS spacer surface discharge induced by metal particles and solving the effectiveness of PD monitoring devices.