bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zero‐voltage‐switching buck converter with low‐voltage stress using coupled inductor
Authors: Chen Guipeng , Deng Yan , He Xiangning , Wang Yousheng , Zhang Jiangfeng 
Published: December 2015

This study presents a new zero‐voltage‐switching (ZVS) buck converter. The proposed converter utilises a coupled inductor to implement the output filter inductor as well as the auxiliary inductor which is commonly employed to realise ZVS for switches. Additional magnetic core for the auxiliary inductor in traditional ZVS converters is eliminated and hence reduced cost is achieved. Moreover, thanks to the series connection between the input and output, the switch voltage stress in the steady state is reduced and thus the ZVS operation can be easier achieved. Then the leakage inductor current circulating in the auxiliary switch is decreased, contributing to reduced conduction losses. In particular, low‐voltage rating devices with low on‐state resistance can be adopted to further improve efficiency in applications with non‐zero output voltage all the time, such as the battery charger. Furthermore, the reverse‐recovery problem of the diode is significantly alleviated by the leakage inductor of coupled inductor. In the study, operation principle and steady‐state analysis of the proposed converter are presented in detail. Meanwhile, design considerations are given to obtain circuit parameters. Finally, simulations and experiments on a 200 W prototype circuit validate the advantages and effectiveness of the proposed converter.
Influence of sea ice on Arctic precipitation
Authors: Kopec Ben G. , Feng Xiahong , Michel Fred A. , Posmentier Eric S. 
Published: December 2015

SignificanceThere has been a growing consensus that a decrease in sea ice would cause an increase in Arctic precipitation because of the potential for increased local evaporation. We quantify the effect of sea ice on the percentage of moisture sourced from the Arctic, using measurements of the isotopic composition of precipitation at six sites across the Arctic. These moisture proportion changes are important in that they indicate systematic adjustment and/or reorganization of the global hydrological cycle with climate change and provide validation for climate models. We explore how much these changes may increase Arctic precipitation and its impact on the energy balance.
Effects of aging on circadian patterns of gene expression in the human prefrontal cortex
Authors: Chen Cho-Yi , Logan Ryan W. , Ma Tianzhou , Lewis David A. , Tseng George C. , Sibille Etienne , McClung Colleen A. 
Published: December 2015

SignificanceCircadian rhythms are important in nearly all processes in the brain. Changes in rhythms that come with aging are associated with sleep problems, problems with cognition, and nighttime agitation in elderly people. In this manuscript, we identified transcripts genome-wide that have a circadian rhythm in expression in human prefrontal cortex. Moreover, we describe how these rhythms are changed during normal human aging. Interestingly, we also identified a set of previously unidentified transcripts that become rhythmic only in older individuals. This may represent a compensatory clock that becomes active with the loss of canonical clock function. These studies can help us to develop therapies in the future for older people who suffer from cognitive problems associated with a loss of normal rhythmicity.
High risk of near-crash driving events following night-shift work
Authors: Lee Michael L. , Howard Mark E. , Horrey William J. , Liang Yulan , Anderson Clare , Shreeve Michael S. , O’Brien Conor S. , Czeisler Charles A. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Drowsy driving is a major public health issue, particularly impacting the 9.5 million shift workers in America. Previous reports have assessed the impact of night work on driving in driving simulators. This real-vehicle driving study demonstrated increased objective and subjective drowsiness and degraded daytime driving performance in 16 night-shift workers while driving after a night of work, deteriorating with drive duration. No near-crashes occurred during driving after a night of sleep; 11 occurred during driving after night-work; all near-crashes occurred after at least 45 min of driving. Policy makers and night-workers should consider avoiding/minimizing driving or deploying effective countermeasures when driving after night-shift work to reduce drowsy driving and preventable crashes and injuries in this high-risk population.
Seed exchange networks, ethnicity, and sorghum diversity
Authors: Labeyrie Vanesse , Thomas Mathieu , Muthamia Zachary K. , Leclerc Christian 
Published: December 2015

SignificanceThis study helps untangle the multiscale processes involved in the relationships between crop genetic and human cultural diversity patterns. It quantifies the effect of homophily on seed exchange networks and details the major role played by kinship systems. By bridging anthropology and crop genetics through an in-depth social network analysis, this study provides a better understanding of the social processes involved in crop diversity dynamics. These findings urgently call for a specification of social and cultural factors in crop metapopulation models, which has been neglected so far.
How learning shapes the empathic brain
Authors: Hein Grit , Engelmann Jan B. , Vollberg Marius C. , Tobler Philippe N. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Deficits in empathy for out-group members are pervasive, with negative societal impact. It is therefore important to ascertain whether empathy toward out-groups can be learned and how learning experiences change empathy-related brain responses. We used a learning intervention during which participants experienced help from a member of their own social group or of a generally depreciated out-group. Our results show that the intervention successfully increased empathy-related brain responses toward the out-group. These changes in out-group empathy were triggered by the learning signal (prediction error) elicited during the first two positive out-group experiences. Together, our results show that classical learning signals update empathic brain responses and that surprisingly few positive experiences with an out-group member are sufficient to increase out-group empathy.
Deep sequencing as a probe of normal stem cell fate and preneoplasia in human epidermis
Authors: Simons Benjamin D. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
The sporadic acquisition of somatic DNA mutation confers a hereditary label that can be used to trace the fate behavior of cells in normal and diseased states. Applied to human tumor samples, DNA deep sequencing methods have revealed the landscape of somatic mutations and have identified a repertoire of genes implicated in cancer. By adapting statistical methods used to analyze lineage tracing data in transgenic animal models, we use the example of epidermis to show how deep sequencing data can provide quantitative insight into the self-renewal properties of normal human tissues and can serve as a platform to define rare nonneutral field transformations.
Typical action perception and interpretation without motor simulation
Authors: Vannuscorps Gilles , Caramazza Alfonso 
Published: December 2015

Significance
How do we perceive and interpret others’ actions? In recent years, the dominant view on this issue is that efficient perceptual processing of others’ actions cannot be achieved by visual analysis of the movements alone but requires unconscious, covert motor simulation of the observed movements. This idea has developed a large following in many disciplines such as psychology, neuroscience, neurology, psychiatry, and philosophy of mind and has started to influence the study and treatment protocols of patients suffering from conditions affecting the perception and interpretation of action (such as autism, schizophrenia, and various dementias). In this paper, however, we report evidence that efficient perception and interpretation of actions can be achieved without motor simulation.
Understanding the kinetic mechanism of RNA single base pair formation
Authors: Xu Xiaojun , Yu Tao , Chen Shi-Jie 
Published: December 2015

Significance
This paper addresses a long-standing unsolved issue in RNA folding, namely, the kinetics for the very elementary steps of RNA folding. Lacking the ability to identify the exact microscopic, molecular level processes has been responsible for a variety of inaccurate predictions for RNA dynamics and RNA biochemical, such as enzymatic, reactions. Unlike previous unfolding (pulling) simulations, we here perform a direct folding study for the process. The misfolded states and the kinetic role of ions discovered in the study may provide significant insights into the physical mechanism of RNA conformational changes in biology.
Agriculture, population growth, and statistical analysis of the radiocarbon record
Authors: Zahid H. Jabran , Robinson Erick , Kelly Robert L. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
We statistically analyze the radiocarbon record and show that early farming societies in Europe grew at the same rate as contemporaneous foraging societies in North America. Thus, our results challenge the commonly held view that the advent of agriculture was linked to accelerated growth of the human population. The same rates of prehistoric population growth measured worldwide suggest that the global climate and/or biological factors intrinsic to the species and not factors related to the regional environment or subsistence practices regulated the growth of the human population for most of the last 12,000 y. This study demonstrates that statistical analysis of the radiocarbon record is a robust quantitative approach for studying prehistoric human demography.
Compliant glass–polymer hybrid single ion-conducting electrolytes for lithium batteries
Authors: Villaluenga Irune , Wujcik Kevin H. , Tong Wei , Devaux Didier , Wong Dominica H. C. , DeSimone Joseph M. , Balsara Nitash P. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
This study describes hybrid single ion-conducting electrolytes based on inorganic sulfide glasses and perfluoropolyether polymers for lithium batteries. Herein, it is shown that hybrid electrolytes provide a compelling alternative to the traditional glass, ceramic, or polymer battery electrolytes. These electrolytes present high transference numbers, unprecedented ionic conductivities at room temperature, and excellent electrochemical stability, and they limit the dissolution of lithium polysulfides. The results in this work represent a significant step toward addressing the challenges of enabling the next generation cathodes, such as lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide and sulfur.
Chromatographically isolated CD63
+
CD81
+
extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stromal cells rescue cognitive impairments after TBI
Authors: Kim Dong-ki , Nishida Hidetaka , An Su Yeon , Shetty Ashok K. , Bartosh Thomas J. , Prockop Darwin J. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
It has gradually been recognized that the vesicles secreted by cells are a major means by which cells communicate with each other. This recognition has stimulated interest in using vesicles to deliver therapeutic agents. The results presented here address several limitations to progress in the field by developing protocols to produce and isolate large numbers of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from stem-like cells found in the bone marrow. The isolated EVs were found to reduce the adverse effects of traumatic injury to the brain in mice.
Mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibit extensive developmental and phenotypic diversity
Authors: Singhal Prabhat K. , Sassi Slim , Lan Lan , Au Patrick , Halvorsen Stefan C. , Fukumura Dai , Jain Rakesh K. , Seed Brian 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Embryonic fibroblasts have long been considered a relatively homogeneous cell type, and many studies have been conducted on fibroblasts of varying provenance. The results of the present study indicate that embryonic fibroblasts are highly heterogeneous and exhibit anatomic and developmental variation that has both practical consequences for the interpretation of experimental results and theoretical implications for the nature and organization of metazoan organisms. Studies using embryonic fibroblasts to explore the consequences of altered alleles should take into account the possibility that fibroblast composition may be altered by allele expression.
Functions of vasopressin and oxytocin in bone mass regulation
Authors: Sun Li , Tamma Roberto , Yuen Tony , Colaianni Graziana , Ji Yaoting , Cuscito Concetta , Bailey Jack , Dhawan Samarth , Lu Ping , Calvano Cosima D. , Zhu Ling-Ling , Zambonin Carlo G. , Di Benedetto Adriana , Stachnik Agnes , Liu Peng , Grano Maria , Colucci Silvia , Davies Terry F. , New Maria I. , Zallone Alberta , Zaidi Mone 
Published: December 2015

Significance
We show that oxytocin and vasopressin, which are released from the posterior pituitary gland to regulate lactation and water balance, respectively, are potent regulators of skeletal integrity. Using genetically modified mice and chemical inhibitors, we provide evidence that the two hormones interact with each other’s receptors to control precisely the formation of new bone.
Status and Genetic Character of Atlantic Sturgeon in the Satilla River, Georgia
Authors: Fritts Mark W. , Grunwald Cheryl , Wirgin Isaac , King Tim L. , Peterson Douglas L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus oxyrinchus is an important component of biodiversity along the Atlantic coast of North America, but most populations have been decimated by habitat degradation and chronic overfishing. Historically, spawning populations existed in all major Atlantic coast rivers from the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, to the St. Johns River, Florida, but fisheries surveys conducted in the past two decades suggest that several populations at the southern extent of this range are now extirpated or have declined to remnant status. Our objective was to assess the abundance and genetic character of Atlantic Sturgeon in the Satilla River, Georgia. Using entanglement gears, we expended over 2,800 h of sampling effort and captured a total of 193 Atlantic Sturgeon in tidally influenced reaches of the river during 2008–2010. Of the 157 fish that were collected in 2010, 72 were identified as river‐resident juveniles (ages 0–1). Genetic analyses of a subset (n = 61) of these juveniles revealed (1) depauperate levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype diversity and (2) the presence of large family units based on microsatellite DNA multilocus genotypes, collectively suggesting that very few parents produced the 2008 year‐class. The mtDNA and microsatellite analyses both indicated that juveniles in the Satilla River population were genetically distinct from other populations in the South Atlantic Distinct Population Segment. Atlantic Sturgeon life history characteristics and the present results suggest that sampled juveniles from the 2008 year‐class were the offspring of a small remnant pool of Satilla River adults; however, a full description of the population's genetic character and origin will require additional juvenile samples from future year‐classes.
Dynamics of Near‐Coastal Fish Assemblages following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill in the Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Schaefer Jacob , Frazier Nkrumah , Barr Jonathan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCoastal ecosystems along the northern Gulf of Mexico are highly productive and are affected by fishing and petroleum industries in different, sometimes contrasting, ways. As a result of the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill in April 2010, oil and oil dispersants were introduced into the northern Gulf of Mexico. At the same time, large portions of the Gulf of Mexico were closed to commercial and recreational fishing for most of the 2010 summer. This presented a unique opportunity to study the dynamics of a fish assemblage exposed to changes in two disparate types of anthropogenic disturbances. We compared assemblage data for near‐coastal fish (456 samples representing over 45,000 individuals and 109 species) from pre‐DWH (before 2010) and post‐DWH (2011–2014) to assess potential changes in abundance, diversity (alpha, beta, and gamma), and assemblage structure. In contrast to predicted oil‐induced mortality, post‐DWH assemblages were characterized by high abundance in 2011 (CPUE across all species pooled was 2.5 times higher than in any other year). This high abundance was most pronounced in medium‐sized fish species that are direct targets of commercial fishing or likely bycatch. Abundances returned to levels similar to pre‐DWH in 2012, 2013, and 2014. There were no differences in pre‐ and post‐DWH levels of diversity, and shifts in assemblage structure may be consistent with increases driven by reduced fishing pressure. While other assemblages and ecosystems may respond differently, our data for the near‐coastal fish assemblage indicated the effects of the DWH were minimal. Rigorous empirical data from other systems are required to assess potential DWH impacts across the range of ecosystems potentially affected.
The effect of body composition and BMI on 25(OH)D response in vitamin D‐supplemented athletes
Authors: Cassity Evan P. , Redzic Maja , Teager Cassidy R. , Thomas D. Travis 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFat mass is inversely associated with vitamin D status, and athletes with the most adipose tissue may have the greatest risk for insufficient (25(OH)D 20–32 ng mL−1) or deficient (25(OH)D < 20 ng ml−1) status. The effects of fat and lean mass on 25(OH)D change in response to vitamin D supplementation have yet to be elucidated in athletes. In addition, vitamin D has a known role in bone health yet a link between short‐term changes in 25(OH)D and bone turnover in indoor athletes have not yet been described. Thirty‐two collegiate swimmers and divers (19 male, 13 female; 19 (1) years) participated in a 6‐month randomized controlled trial and consumed either 4000 IU d−1 of vitamin D3 (n = 19) or placebo (PLA; n = 13). Anthropometry and blood collection of 25(OH)D, bone‐specific alkaline phosphatase (B‐ALP) and N‐terminal telopeptide (NTx) occurred at three time points. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry measured body composition analysis at baseline and endpoint. In the vitamin D group, BMI was negatively correlated with 6‐month 25(OH)D change (R = −0.496; P = .03) and a stronger predictor of 25(OH)D change (P = .04) than ultraviolet B exposure and fat mass change. Athletes in the high bone turnover group showed significantly greater losses of 25(OH)D over 6‐months compared to athletes in the low bone turnover group (P = .03). These results suggest athletes within the normal BMI category experience a diminished response to 4000 IU d−1 of vitamin D3 supplementation, and periods of high bone turnover may be an additional risk factor for developing compromised vitamin D status in athletes.
Meeting Art with Art: Arts-Based Methods Enhance Researcher Reflexivity in
Research with Mental Health Service Users
Authors: McCaffrey Tríona , Edwards Jane 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper presents a rationale for arts-based practices in music therapy research, and provides an example of using ABR techniques in research. Arts-based materials are increasingly demonstrated to have the capacity to extend processes of reflexivity and analysis in a range of qualitative health research studies. By comparison, music therapy research studies have rarely employed arts-based methods or techniques. There is a need for more studies in music therapy that employ arts-based research to demystify and elaborate a wider range of creative approaches within music therapy inquiry. In the study described in this paper, ABR was used to reflect on the contribution of a service user in a community mental health context who participated in a focus group about his experiences of music therapy. ABR was found to offer a creative way to engage service users, and to deepen and extend the researcher’s reflexivity when responding to materials created by research participants.
Perineural Invasion Predicts for Distant Metastasis in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation and Surgery
Authors: Chablani Priyanka , Nguyen Phuong , Pan Xueliang , Robinson Andrew , Walston Steve , Wu Christina , Frankel Wendy L. , Chen Wei , Bekaii-Saab Tanios , Chakravarti Arnab , Wuthrick Evan , Williams Terence M. 
Published: December 2015

Objectives:
The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) and surgery is controversial. We examined the association of perineural invasion (PNI) with outcomes to determine whether PNI could be used to risk-stratify patients.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a retrospective study of 110 patients treated with nCRT and surgery for LARC at our institution from 2004 to 2011. Eighty-seven patients were identified in our final analysis. We evaluated the association of PNI with locoregional control, distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival, using log-rank and Cox proportional hazard modeling.

Results:
Fourteen patients (16%) were PNI+ and 73 patients (84%) were PNI−. The median follow-up was 27 months (range, 0.9 to 84 mo). The median DMFS was 13.5 months for PNI+ and median not reached (>40 mo) for PNI− (P<0.0001). The median DFS was 13.5 months for PNI+ and 39.8 months for PNI− (P<0.0001). In a multivariate model including 7 pathologic variables, type of surgery, time to surgery from end of nCRT, and use of adjuvant chemotherapy, PNI remained a significant independent predictor of DMFS (hazard ratio 9.79; 95% confidence interval, 3.48-27.53; P<0.0001) and DFS (hazard ratio 5.72; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-14.9; P=0.0001).

Conclusions:
For patients with LARC treated with nCRT, PNI found at the time of surgery is significantly associated with worse DMFS and DFS. Our data support testing the role of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with PNI and perhaps other high-risk features.