bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adults blink more deeply: a comparative study of the attentional blink across different age groups
Authors: Russo Natalie , Kates Wendy R. , Shea Nicole , LeBlanc Megan , Wyble Bradley 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe attentional blink (AB) is thought to help the visual system parse and categorize rapidly changing information by segmenting it into temporal chunks, and is elicited using Rapid Serial Visual Presentation. It is reflected in a decrease in accuracy at detecting the second of two targets presented within 200–500 ms of the first, and its development appears to be protracted on tasks that require set‐shifting. Here, younger (M = 8.5 years) and older (M = 12.8 years) children and adults (M = 19.13 years) completed a simple AB task with no set‐shift requirement in which participants detected two letters in a stream of numbers presented at a rate of 135 ms/item. In addition to assessing the developmental course of the AB on this simple task, we also assessed temporal order errors, or swaps. The AB and its associated characteristics are present in both groups but developmental differences were noted in the depth of the AB, and the presence or absence of lag‐1 sparing. These developmental changes were explained by changes in a single parameter, inhibition, using the eTST model, which suggests that the AB is an adaptive function of the visual system.
Evaluation of the brachial artery endothelial function in chronic alcohol consumption among males by high‐frequency ultrasonography
Authors: Luo Runlan , Shen Jiaqi , Zhou Qiao , Liu Yue , Li Guangsen 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveThere is evidence suggesting that different volumes of chronic alcohol consumption have different effects on the endothelium. Therefore, using high‐frequency ultrasonography, we evaluate the effects of the different volume and duration of alcohol intake on brachial artery endothelial function in chronic drinkers.MethodsNinety‐two male chronic episodic alcoholics were grouped by alcohol intake amount and duration: mild (group B, n=30); ≤90 mg ethanol daily, 3–5 days/wk for 5–8 years; moderate (group C, n=30); 90–150 mg ethanol daily, 3–5 days/wk for 9–20 years; and severe (group D, n=32); ≥150 mg ethanol daily, 6–7 days/wk for more than 10 years. Thirty male nondrinkers were recruited as the control group A. High‐frequency ultrasonography was used to measure brachial artery diameter during rest, during reactive hyperemia and following the administration of nitroglycerin. Endothelial‐dependent brachial artery flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) and endothelial‐independent brachial artery nitrate‐mediated dilatation (NMD) were calculated.ResultsFlow‐mediated dilatation values for group C and D were significantly lower than those for group A and B (VC=7.63±0.22, VD=5.85±0.23 vs VA=13.35±0.35, VB=12.81±0.36, P<.01). The FMD of group D was significantly lower than that of group C (P<.01). Meanwhile, the NMD of group D was significantly lower than that of the other groups (VD=17.33±6.21 vs VA=25.35±7.42, VB=24.52±8.30, VC=23.35±7.27, P<.01).ConclusionsChronic moderate‐to‐heavy alcohol consumption caused endothelial dysfunction, even damaging vascular smooth muscle cells in cases of heavy alcohol consumption, while abstinence and chronic mild alcoholics caused no effect on endothelial function.
Sex‐related differences in abdominal obesity impact on ischemic stroke risk
Authors: Rodríguez‐Campello A. , Jiménez‐Conde J. , Ois Á. , Cuadrado‐Godia E. , Giralt‐Steinhauer E. , Vivanco R. M. , Soriano‐Tárraga C. , Subirana I. , Muñoz D. , Gómez‐González A. , Puig‐Pijoan A. , Roquer J. 
Published: December 2016

Background and purposeThe objective of our study was to evaluate sex differences in the impact of weight and abdominal obesity on the risk of ischemic stroke.MethodsWe included 388 patients with ischemic stroke (aged <75 years) assessed consecutively in our hospital and 732 controls matched by age and sex. Vascular risk factors and anthropometric data (waist circumference, weight and height) were recorded. The impact of three anthropometric variables [body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist to height ratio] on ischemic stroke risk was calculated. These variables were divided into quartiles for a comprehensive comparison between cases and controls, stratified by sex and adjusted in logistic regression by age and vascular risk factors. Further logistic regression using dummy variables was performed to evaluate the association between BMI‐adjusted abdominal obesity and stroke risk.ResultsIncreased BMI was not associated with increased stroke risk overall or in women, but was a protective factor in men [P = 0.03; odds ratio (OR), 0.59 (0.37–0.94)]. Abdominal obesity was a risk factor for stroke in women, in both waist circumference [P < 0.001; OR, 5.79 (3.10–10.85)] and waist to height ratio [P < 0.001; OR, 3.61 (1.99–6.54)] analyses, but was not significant in men. When considered independently of BMI, abdominal obesity was a risk factor in both sexes, but the strength of the association was significantly higher in women.ConclusionsIncreased BMI was related to a lower risk of stroke in men. Abdominal obesity was associated with ischemic stroke in women. The impact of abdominal obesity on stroke risk differs by sex.
Carbon balances of bioenergy systems using biomass from forests managed with long rotations: bridging the gap between stand and landscape assessments
Authors: Cintas Olivia , Berndes Göran , Cowie Annette L. , Egnell Gustaf , Holmström Hampus , Marland Gregg , Ågren Göran I. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStudies report different findings concerning the climate benefits of bioenergy, in part due to varying scope and use of different approaches to define spatial and temporal system boundaries. We quantify carbon balances for bioenergy systems that use biomass from forests managed with long rotations, employing different approaches and boundary conditions. Two approaches to represent landscapes and quantify their carbon balances – expanding vs. constant spatial boundaries – are compared. We show that for a conceptual forest landscape, constructed by combining a series of time‐shifted forest stands, the two approaches sometimes yield different results. We argue that the approach that uses constant spatial boundaries is preferable because it captures all carbon flows in the landscape throughout the accounting period. The approach that uses expanding system boundaries fails to accurately describe the carbon fluxes in the landscape due to incomplete coverage of carbon flows and influence of the stand‐level dynamics, which in turn arise from the way temporal system boundaries are defined on the stand level. Modelling of profit‐driven forest management using location‐specific forest data shows that the implications for carbon balance of management changes across the landscape (which are partly neglected when expanding system boundaries are used) depend on many factors such as forest structure and forest owners’ expectations of market development for bioenergy and other wood products. Assessments should not consider forest‐based bioenergy in isolation but should ideally consider all forest products and how forest management planning as a whole is affected by bioenergy incentives – and how this in turn affects carbon balances in forest landscapes and forest product pools. Due to uncertainties, we modelled several alternative scenarios for forest products markets. We recommend that future work consider alternative scenarios for other critical factors, such as policy options and energy technology pathways.
Sequential analysis of variable markers for predicting outcomes in pediatric patients with acute liver failure
Authors: Uchida Hajime , Sakamoto Seisuke , Fukuda Akinari , Sasaki Kengo , Shigeta Takanobu , Nosaka Shunsuke , Kubota Masaya , Nakazawa Atsuko , Nakagawa Satoshi , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: December 2016

AimOur aim was to analyze serial changes in the predictive variables and a scoring system retrospectively adapted to evaluate outcomes in pediatric patients with acute liver failure (ALF).MethodsWe retrospectively collected data on 65 patients with ALF. The 65 patients were divided into two groups according to the need for liver transplantation (LT) as follows: LT group (n = 54) and non‐LT group (n = 11). The early determination scoring system of the indications for LT proposed by the Intractable Hepato‐Biliary Diseases Study Group of Japan (JIHBDSG) was used in our study. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated for the JIHBDSG score between the LT group and non‐LT group at the time of diagnosis (day 0) and day 3, and day 5 after the diagnosis.ResultsA JIHBDSG score of >3 at day 5 was found to identify the patients requiring LT with 83.7% sensitivity, 81.8% specificity, and 83.3% diagnostic accuracy. Based on a comparison of AUROC values, the JIHBDSG score on day 5 (AUROC 0.91) was higher than that on day 0 (AUROC 0.75) and day 3 (AUROC 0.84).ConclusionWe showed that a serial analysis of the JIHBDSG score might be useful for predicting outcomes of ALF in pediatric patients who fulfilled the criteria of LT indication in our center. However, further studies are needed to validate our results.
Well‐differentiated invasive breast cancers with equivocal HER2 immunohistochemistry: what is the yield of routine reflex in‐situ hybridization testing?
Authors: Bethune Gillian C , Pettit Alexandra S L , Veldhuijzen van Zanten Daniel , Barnes Penelope J 
Published: December 2016

AimsThe 2013 American Society of Clinical Oncology and the College of American Pathologists (ASCO/CAP) HER2 guidelines recommend testing all invasive breast cancers for HER2, typically with immunohistochemistry (IHC) followed by in‐situ hybridization (ISH) when IHC is equivocal. As well‐differentiated breast cancers are rarely HER2‐positive, we assessed the value of routine reflex HER2 ISH testing for this subset of breast cancers.Methods and resultsWe collected HER2 IHC 2+ cases and fluorescence in‐situ hybridization (FISH) data from primary breast cancers with well‐differentiated tumour types (grade 1 ductal carcinomas, classic lobular carcinomas, tubular, cribriform and pure mucinous carcinomas) at our centre from 2010 to 2015. Haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and IHC slides were reviewed to confirm tumour type, grade and IHC score based on ASCO/CAP 2013 guidelines and their recent revisions. Of 4633 invasive carcinomas, 1133 had a well‐differentiated tumour type; 177 of these were HER2 IHC equivocal, three of which were low‐level amplified by FISH (0.3% of all well‐differentiated tumours). One amplified case was classic invasive lobular carcinoma and two were invasive ductal carcinomas, grade 1. One amplified case had chromosome 17 monosomy, and one was rescored as HER2 IHC 1+ upon review. ‘Basolateral’ staining was noted in one amplified case and in 65 of 174 (37.4%) non‐amplified cases. This incomplete membranous staining pattern was observed in the majority of invasive ductal carcinomas that were rescored as 1+ according to the revised 2013 guidelines.ConclusionsThe rate of HER2 amplification among well‐differentiated breast cancers is very low. Basolateral staining in well‐differentiated tumours may be overinterpreted as HER2 IHC 2+, but is rarely associated with HER2 amplification.
Pleomorphic mantle cell lymphoma morphologically mimicking diffuse large B cell lymphoma: common cyclin D1 negativity and a simple immunohistochemical algorithm to avoid the diagnostic pitfall
Authors: Chuang Wen‐Yu , Chang Hung , Chang Gwo‐Jyh , Wang Tzu‐Hao , Chang Yu‐Sun , Wang Tong‐Hong , Yeh Chi‐Ju , Ueng Shir‐Hwa , Chien Hui‐Ping , Chang Chiu‐Yueh , Wan Yung‐Liang , Hsueh Chuen 
Published: December 2016

AimsTo characterize the clinicopathological and genetic features of pleomorphic mantle cell lymphoma (PMCL), which morphologically mimics diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods and resultsWe screened systematically 500 B cell lymphomas morphologically compatible with DLBCL using an immunohistochemical algorithm of three markers (CD5, cyclin D1 and SOX11). Ten cases of PMCL were identified for further study and, surprisingly, four (40%) of them were cyclin D1‐negative. These 10 patients were mainly elderly males with advanced disease, and their median survival was only 11 months. All cyclin D1‐positive PMCLs tested showed an IGH–CCND1 translocation, whereas one of the four cyclin D1‐negative PMCLs had a translocation involving CCND2 and a high CCND2 mRNA level (P < 0.000001). The genomewide copy number profiles of both cyclin D1‐positive and cyclin D1‐negative PMCLs were similar to those of classical mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) reported previously, confirming the diagnosis. Secondary genetic alterations involved in oncogenic pathways of MCL were observed more frequently in these PMCLs, possibly decreasing the dependence on the driving CCND1 translocation and accounting for the common cyclin D1 negativity. Copy number gains of PIK3CA and CCDC50 were detected in all cyclin D1‐negative PMCLs but in only 40% of the cyclin D1‐positive PMCLs. These additional oncogenic signals may compensate for the common absence of CCND2 translocation in cyclin D1‐negative PMCL.ConclusionWe demonstrate for the first time that cyclin D1 negativity is surprisingly common in PMCL morphologically mimicking DLBCL, and the use of a simple immunohistochemical algorithm can prevent misclassification and inappropriate treatment.
Development and optimization of fish‐fortified instant noodles using response surface methodology
Authors: Parvathy Unnikrishnan , Bindu Jaganath , Joshy Chalil George 
Published: December 2016

SummaryProper and sensible formulation of ingredients in noodles facilitates its calorie cut down thus making it healthier. Fish being a source of cheap and quality protein can serve in the fortification of noodles. Hence, a study was done to formulate and develop fish noodles from Nemipterus japonicus. D‐optimal mixture experimental design with 15 runs was formulated to optimise the different levels of ingredients for noodles. Influence of different ingredients, viz. fish mince, wheat and refined wheat flour (maida) and potato starch, on the physical, cooking and sensory properties of fish noodles was evaluated. The protein content of noodles increased with increase in the fish mince incorporation. Water absorption capacity (WAC) was found to be directly related to the potato starch concentration. Positive correlation was observed between noodle protein content and cooking time. Desirability function scores revealed a noodle combination of 45% fish mince, 47% wheat: maida (1:1) mix and 8% potato starch as optimum.
Edible film incorporated with chitosan and Artemisia annua oil nanoliposomes for inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on cherry tomato
Authors: Cui Haiying , Yuan Lu , Li Wei , Lin Lin 
Published: December 2016

SummaryAs a natural antibacterial agent, Artemisia annua oil (AAO) exhibited significant antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli O157:H7. However, AAO was volatile and not suitable for surface coatings of fresh produce. Therefore, the edible agar films containing chitosan and AAO liposomes were engineered to overcome the defect. Chitosan was added in the film to enhance the antibacterial activity. Finally, the results showed the mean size of AAO liposomes was about 191.8 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.463. The absolute zeta potential value was greater than 30 mV, and the loading efficiency (LE) of 5.0 mg mL−1 AAO liposome was 67.45%. As a proof of concept, the antibacterial activity of the films against E. coli O157:H7 on cherry tomatoes was evaluated. The results indicated that the incorporation of AAO liposomes as a natural antibacterial agent possessed bacteriostatic effect, which had potential for using the developed film as an active packaging.
Enhancement of phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) juice by block freeze concentration technology
Authors: Adorno Wantiê T. , Rezzadori Katia , Arend Giordana D. , Chaves Vitor C. , Reginatto Flávio H. , Di Luccio Marco , Petrus José C.C. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of freeze concentration of strawberry juice on content of total phenolic, anthocyanins content and antioxidant activity of the concentrated fluid and the ice obtained. An increase in the values of phenolic content was observed in the concentrate fraction for all the freeze concentration stages (five stages). The process efficiency presented a reduction when compared with the first stage, and however, the average efficiency remained around 65% in all the stages. The concentration of pelargonidin‐3‐O‐glycoside present in samples was increased in all stages. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the concentrated fluid of each stage, measured by DPPH and ABTS methods, was significantly higher in comparison with the juice feed. Also, antioxidant activity can be correlated with the content of pelargonidin‐3‐O‐glycoside presented in the strawberry juice. Freeze concentration can be considered a good alternative for improving the antioxidant activity of strawberry juice.
Pancreatic lipase‐related protein 2 is essential for egg hatching in the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Xu L. , Huang H.‐J. , Zhou X. , Liu C.‐W. , Bao Y.‐Y. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this study, we identified a pancreatic lipase‐related protein 2 (PLRP2) gene through searching the transcriptome data of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, a monophagous rice pest. PLRP2 mRNAs were first isolated in the human pancreas and play an important role in hydrolysis of galactolipids from the diet. Although homologous PLRP2 genes have been identified in many insect species, their physiological functions remain unknown. The present study for the first time reports the functional role of PLRP2 in an insect species. Differing from mammal PLRP2s, N. lugens PLRP2 was highly expressed in developing oocytes of the ovaries of female adults and little expressed in laid eggs. Suppression of N. lugens PLRP2 expression using RNA interference significantly inhibited egg hatching in rice seedlings, implying that N. lugens PLRP2 was important for oocyte maturation and development. This novel finding will improve our understanding of the reproductive strategies in insects and provides a potential target for future management of crop pests.
Mannose‐binding lectin and l‐ficolin polymorphisms in patients with community‐acquired pneumonia caused by intracellular pathogens
Authors: van Kempen Gijs , Meijvis Sabine , Endeman Henrik , Vlaminckx Bart , Meek Bob , de Jong Ben , Rijkers Ger , Bos Willem Jan 
Published: December 2016

SummaryCommunity‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading infectious disease requiring hospitalization in the western world. Genetic variability affecting the host response to infection may play a role in susceptibility and outcome in patients with CAP. Mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) and l‐ficolin (l‐FCN) are two important activators of the complement system and they can enhance phagocytosis by opsonization. In a prospective cohort of 505 Dutch patients with CAP and 227 control participants we studied whether polymorphisms in the MBL (MBL2) and FCN (FCN2) genes influenced susceptibility and outcome. No difference in frequency of these genotypes was found between patients with CAP in general and controls. However, the +6424G>T single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in FCN2 was more common in patients with a Coxiella burnetii pneumonia (P = 0·014). Moreover, the haplotypes coding for the highest MBL serum levels (YA/YA and YA/XA) predisposed to atypical pneumonia (C. burnetii, Legionella or Chlamydia species or Mycoplasma pneumoniae) compared with controls (P = 0·016). Furthermore, patients with these haplotypes were more often bacteraemic (P = 0·019). It can therefore be concluded that MBL2 and FCN2 polymorphisms are not major risk factors for CAP in general, but that the +6424G>T SNP in the FCN2 gene predisposes to C. burnetii pneumonia. In addition, patients with genotypes corresponding with high serum MBL levels are at risk for atypical pneumonia, possibly caused by enhanced phagocytosis, thereby promoting cell entry of these intracellular bacteria.
Appreciating the work of nurses caring for adults with intellectual disability and mental health issues
Authors: Taua Chris , Neville Christine , Scott Theresa 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper presents findings from a study exploring the nurses’ experience of caring for adults with intellectual disability and mental health issues in inpatient settings. Semi structured interviews were undertaken with 13 nurses from various regions of New Zealand. Methods suggested by an Appreciative Inquiry methodology were used to explore the nurses’ positive experiences of their role. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using open coding and Leximancer (an online data mining tool) analysis to identify dominant themes in the discourse. Analysis revealed themes around ‘Contextualising behaviour’, ‘Communication’, ‘Confidence to care’ and ‘Time’. Participants reflected upon their experiences offering personal interpretations in identifying the aspects of nursing that mattered and that worked. What is shown is that nurses were able to describe a range of creative and adaptive ways of nursing in responding to numerous complex factors they faced in their roles. This suggests a strong foundation on which to advance nursing care in this field.
Sensitivity and specificity of abstraction using gist reasoning measure in adults with traumatic brain injury
Authors: Vas Asha K. , Spence Jeffrey S. , Eschler Benjamin , Chapman Sandra B. 
Published: December 2016

Abstraction, a unique aspect of human reasoning, is affected by TBI. Lack of sensitive metrics to characterize abstraction in TBI recovery may impede detection of cognitive deficits and impact daily function. Recent findings found lower performance in abstracting meaning from complex information, referred to as gist reasoning, in adults with TBI. This study extends those findings to (a) compare abstract thinking between adults with TBI and controls on gist reasoning, similarities, and proverbs and (b) examine and compare sensitivity and specificity of abstraction measures. Participants included adults with moderate to severe chronic TBI (n = 30) and controls (n = 40), all between 25 and 55 years. ANOVA examined group differences on abstract thinking performance. A 10‐fold cross‐validation analysis examined sensitivity and specificity of each measure, and all possible combinations of measures. The TBI group performed significantly lower on gist reasoning and similarities. Results demonstrated higher sensitivity of gist reasoning (84.7%) as compared to similarities and proverbs. Specificity of gist reasoning (71.1%) was second highest, with proverbs multiple choice being the highest (85.2%). Combination of measures did not yield significant gains in sensitivity beyond gist reasoning alone. Gist reasoning could provide an additional diagnostic tool to detect impaired abstraction deficits in adults with chronic TBI. Furthermore, gist reasoning performance has implications to guide cognitive training.