bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensifying the Incarceration of the Vulnerable Legal Subject: Correctional Treatment of Ashley Smith as a Source of Legal Norms
Authors: Kaiser-Derrick Elspeth 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Ashley Smith lived and died at a confluence of legal sanctions and correctional policy, norms, decisions, and indifference. This article approaches her incarceration primarily through a particular articulation of legal pluralism. Martha-Marie Kleinhans and Roderick A. Macdonald argue legal subjects should be understood as creating law in relationship with laws/norms. The Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) treated Smith as an excluded legal subject through practices of isolation, but the correctional norms evolving in relationship with her resultant distress simultaneously indicate CSC treated Smith as if she were effectively a law-producer, capable of changing policy. However, treating her as a source of norm-creation assumes equality/power Smith did not have. The story leading to Smith’s death in custody illustrates two primary themes regarding the production of law/norms. First, the legal subject within a critical legal pluralism should be widened to encompass those who act within/against (and are acted upon by) legal/normative systems characterized by extreme power disparities. Drawing on Martha Fineman’s vulnerability analysis, I argue such legal subjects should be understood/treated as vulnerable, implicating an enlarged role for institutions. Second, I follow the broad dictates of a critical legal pluralism to demonstrate how the reciprocally constitutive (though unequal) relationship between the legal subject and legal/normative orders manifested in Smith’s incarceration and attendant changes to correctional norms.
Developing a Hospital Disaster Preparedness Plan for Mass Casualty Incidents: Lessons Learned From the Downtown Beirut Bombing
Authors: El Sayed Mazen , Chami Ali F. , Hitti Eveline 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMass casualty incidents (MCIs) are becoming more frequent worldwide, especially in the Middle East where violence in Syria has spilled over to many neighboring countries. Lebanon lacks a coordinated prehospital response system to deal with MCIs; therefore, hospital preparedness plans are essential to deal with the surge of casualties. This report describes our experience in dealing with an MCI involving a car bomb in an urban area of downtown Beirut, Lebanon. It uses general response principles to propose a simplified response model for hospitals to use during MCIs. A summary of the debriefings following the event was developed and an analysis was performed with the aim of modifying our hospital’s existing disaster preparedness plan. Casualties’ arrival to our emergency department (ED), the performance of our hospital staff during the event, communication, and the coordination of resources, in addition to the response of the different departments, were examined. In dealing with MCIs, hospital plans should focus on triage area, patient registration and tracking, communication, resource coordination, essential staff functions, as well as on security issues and crowd control. Hospitals in other countries that lack a coordinated prehospital disaster response system can use the principles described here to improve their hospital’s resilience and response to MCIs. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018; 12: 379–385)
Round Table. The ‘British School’ and Italian Historiography
Authors: Favretto Ilaria , Meriggi Marco , Laven David , Albanese Giulia , Foot John 
Published: September 2017

Italian summaryI contributi sopra intendono riflettere sulla cosiddetta ‘scuola britannica’ di storici e ricercatori specializzati nello studio dell’Italia moderna e contemporanea. Facendo seguito ad una tavola rotonda tenutasi durante il Convegno ASMI 2016, abbiamo chiesto a coloro che vi hanno partecipato di pubblicare i propri interventi nella forma di brevi saggi. In essi viene discussa l’influenza della storiografia britannica sullo studio della storia italiana dal diciannovesimo secolo fino al Fascismo e il ventesimo secolo. Gli autori dei saggi riflettono pure sul ruolo e l’uso della storia in Italia, la strumentalizzazione di dibattitti storiografici che ha a lungo contraddistinto la politica italiana, editoria e strategie di divulgazione del sapere storico. Tutto ciò con un occhio di riguardo alla vita e alla produzione scientifica di Christopher Duggan a cui è dedicato questo numero speciale della rivista.
Antioxidant intake from diet and supplements and risk of digestive cancers in middle-aged adults: results from the prospective NutriNet-Santé cohort
Authors: Egnell Manon , Fassier Philippine , Lécuyer Lucie , Gonzalez Rebeca , Zelek Laurent , Vasson Marie-Paule , Hercberg Serge , Latino-Martel Paule , Galan Pilar , Druesne-Pecollo Nathalie , Deschasaux Mélanie , Touvier Mathilde 
Published: September 2017

AbstractExperimental studies suggest beneficial effects of antioxidants in digestive cancer prevention. However, epidemiological results are contrasting and few studies quantitatively assessed supplemental intake. This study aimed at investigating the associations between antioxidant intakes (dietary, supplemental and total) and digestive cancer risk. This prospective study included 38 812 middle-aged subjects (≥45 years) from the NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009–2016). Dietary data were collected using repeated 24 h records. A specific questionnaire assessed dietary supplement use over a 12-month period. A composition database of about 8000 dietary supplements was developed. Associations between continuous and sex-specific quartiles of vitamins C and E, β-carotene and Se intakes and digestive cancer risk were characterised using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. A total of 167 incident digestive cancers (120 colorectal, twenty-six pancreatic, nine oesophagus, seven stomach and five liver) were diagnosed during follow-up investigation. Dietary (hazard ratios (HR)Q4 v. Q1=0·56; 95 % CI 0·34, 0·91, Ptrend=0·01) and total (HRQ4 v. Q1=0·51; 95 % CI 0·30, 0·84, Ptrend=0·008) vitamin C intakes, dietary (HRQ4 v. Q1=0·56; 95 % CI 0·34, 0·92, Ptrend=0·005) and total (HRQ4 v. Q1=0·58; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·94, Ptrend=0·003) vitamin E intakes, and dietary (HRfor an increment of 10 µg/d=0·92; 95 % CI 0·85, 1·00, P=0·04) and total (HRfor an increment of 10 µg/d=0·92; 95 % CI 0·86, 0·99, P=0·03) Se intakes were associated with a decreased digestive cancer risk. Statistically significant interactions were observed between dietary and total Se intakes and alcohol consumption as well as between total vitamin E intake and smoking status. This prospective cohort study with quantitative assessment of supplemental intakes suggests a potential protective effect of several antioxidants (vitamins C and E and Se) on digestive cancer risk, and a modulation of some of these relationships by alcohol consumption and smoking status.
HIGHER PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS OF WEALTH ASSOCIATED WITH THE BIRTH OF MORE SONS IN AN AUSTRALIAN POPULATION
Authors: Behie A. M. , O’Donnell M. H. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryMany industrialized nations are currently experiencing a decline in average secondary sex ratio (SSR) resulting in fewer boys being born relative to girls. While many potential factors may explain the decline in the birth of males relative to females, it seems most studies support the idea that male offspring are produced less often when environmental conditions are poor owing to males being more susceptible to loss in harsh environments. This study investigates the maternal factors that are associated with the sex of offspring in a cohort of the Australian population. It found that greater parental perceptions of wealth were significantly associated with an increase in the number of sons produced. These results suggest that male offspring are born at increased numbers to women with higher available resources, which may reflect the fact that male offspring are more vulnerable in poor environments.
Compiling a 50-year journey
Authors: HUTTON GRAHAM , BAHR PATRICK 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFifty years ago, John McCarthy and James Painter (1967) published the first paper on compiler verification, in which they showed how to formally prove the correctness of a compiler that translates arithmetic expressions into code for a register-based machine. In this article, we revisit this example in a modern context, and show how such a compiler can now be calculated directly from a specification of its correctness using simple equational reasoning techniques.
Exposure to follicular fluid during oocyte maturation and oviductal fluid during post-maturation does not improvein vitroembryo production in the horse
Authors: Douet Cécile , Parodi Olivia , Martino Nicola Antonio , Lacalandra Giovanni Michele , Nicassio Michele , Reigner Fabrice , Deleuze Stefan , Dell'Aquila Maria Elena , Goudet Ghylène 
Published: September 2017

SummaryMost wild equids and many domestic horse breeds are at risk of extinction, so there is an urgent need for genome resource banking. Embryos cryopreservation allows the preservation of genetics from male and female and is the fastest method to restore a breed. In the equine, embryo productionin vitrowould allow the production of several embryos per cycle. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is used to generate horse embryos, but it requires expensive equipment and expertise in micromanipulation, and blastocyst development rates remain low. No conventionalin vitrofertilization (IVF) technique for equine embryo production is available. The development of culture conditions able to mimic the maturation of the oocyte in preovulatory follicular fluid (pFF) and the post-maturation in oviductal fluid (OF) may improve embryo productionin vitro. Our aim was to analyse the effect ofin vitromaturation in pFF and incubation in OF onin vitromaturation of equine oocytes, fertilization using conventional IVF or ICSI, and embryo development after culture in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) or DMEM-F12. Oocytes collected from slaughtered mares or by ovum pick up were maturedin vitroin pFF or semi-synthetic maturation medium (MM). Thein vitromaturation, fertilization and development rates were not statistically different between pFF and MM. Afterin vitromaturation, oocytes were incubated with or without OF. Post-maturation in OF did not significantly improve the fertilization and development rates. Thus, in our study, exposure to physiological fluids for oocyte maturation and post-maturation does not improvein vitroembryo production in the horse.
Characterizing trends in fruit and vegetable intake in the USA by self-report and by supply-and-disappearance data: 2001–2014
Authors: Conrad Zach , Chui Kenneth , Jahns Lisa , Peters Christian J , Griffin Timothy S 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the comparability of fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake data in the USA from 2001 to 2014 between data acquired from two national data collection programmes.DesignCross-sectional analysis. Linear regression models estimated trends in daily per capita intake of total F&V. Pooled differences in intake of individual F&V (n109) were examined by processing form (fresh, frozen, canned, dried and juice).SettingWhat We Eat in America (WWEIA, 2001–2014) and Loss-Adjusted Food Availability data series (LAFA, 2001–2014).ResultsNo temporal trends were observed in daily per capita intake of total F&V from 2001 to 2014 using WWEIA and LAFA. Modest differences between WWEIA and LAFA were observed in mean pooled intake of most individual F&V.ConclusionsWWEIA and LAFA produced similar estimates of F&V intake. However, WWEIA may be best suited for monitoring intake at the national level because it allows for the identification of individual F&V in foods with multiple ingredients, and it is structured for sub-population analysis and covariate control. LAFA does retain advantages for other research protocols, specifically by providing the only nationally representative estimates of food losses at various points in the food system, which makes it useful for examining the adequacy of the food supply at the agricultural, retail and consumer levels.
Calcaneal Tendon Collagen Fiber Morphometry and Aging
Authors: Hadraba Daniel , Janacek Jiri , Filova Eva , Lopot Frantisek , Paesen Rik , Fanta Ondrej , Jarman Anneliese , Necas Alois , Ameloot Marcel , Jelen Karel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFibrillar collagen in tendons and its natural development in rabbits are discussed in this paper. Achilles tendons from newborn (~7 days) to elderly (~38 months) rabbits were monitored in intact (ntendons=24) and microtome sectioned (ntendons=11) states with label-free second harmonic generation microscopy. After sectioning, the collagen fiber pattern was irregular for the younger animals and remained oriented parallel to the load axis of the tendon for the older animals. In contrast, the collagen fiber pattern in the intact samples followed the load axis for all the age groups. However, there was a significant difference in the tendon crimp pattern appearance between the age groups. The crimp amplitude (A) and wavelength (Λ) started at very low values (A=2.0±0.6 µm, Λ=19±4 µm) for the newborn animals. Both parameters increased for the sexually mature animals (>5 months old). When the animals were fully mature the amplitude decreased but the wavelength kept increasing. The results revealed that the microtome sectioning artifacts depend on the age of animals and that the collagen crimp pattern reflects the physical growth and development.
Yield and qualitative traits of sugarcane cultivated in agroforestry systems: Toward sustainable production systems
Authors: Schwerz Felipe , Elli Elvis F. , Behling Alexandre , Schmidt Denise , Caron Braulio O. , Sgarbossa Jaqueline 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOne of the greatest challenges in crop science worldwide is to generate a balance between crop production and environmental preservation. Agroforestry systems present promising strategies for balancing environmental health and crop production. The aim of this study was to evaluate yield components and the juice quality of five sugarcane crop years cultivated in the understory of Aleurites fordii, in two intercropping systems and a monocropping system. A field experiment was conducted from November 2011 to June 2016 in the city of Frederico Westphalen—Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Information generated in this study confirms the viability of the cultivation of sugarcane in agroforestry systems, and provides information for farmers which can be used to assist in the planning of more ideal agroforestry arrangements. Agroforestry systems should consider the benefits of both forest and cultivated plant species. In this study, A. fordii trees had greater growth in the intercrop II system; however, this system promoted reductions in sugarcane yield components due to the lowest relative amount of solar radiation intercepted by sugarcane plants. For sugarcane production, the use of an intercropping system with 12 × 12 m2 arrangements should be prioritized, because it promotes greater sugarcane yields when compared with 6 × 6 m2 intercropping systems; however, significant differences were not observed when the system (12 × 12 m2) was compared with the monocropping system for most of the analyzed variables. This study sought to provide new sustainable alternatives for farmers in order to increase the diversification of rural properties and maintain the preservation of existing agroecosystems.
Media Priming Effect: A Preregistered Replication Experiment
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuro , Miura Asako , Inamasu Kazunori 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIyengar et al. (1984, The Evening News and Presidential Evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46(4): 778–87) discovered the media priming effect, positing that by drawing attention to certain issues while ignoring others, television news programs help define the standards by which presidents are evaluated. We conducted a direct replication of Experiment 1 by Iyengar et al. (1984, The Evening News and Presidential Evaluations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 46(4): 778–87) with some changes. Specifically, we (a) collected data from Japanese undergraduates; (b) reduced the number of conditions to two; (c) used news coverage of the issue of relocating US bases in Okinawa as the treatment; (d) measured issue-specific evaluations of the Japanese Prime Minister in the pre-treatment questionnaire; and (e) performed statistical analyses that are more appropriate for testing heterogeneity in the treatment effect. We did not find statistically significant evidence of media priming. Overall, the results suggest that the effects of media priming may be quite sensitive either to the media environment or to differences in populations in which the effect has been examined.
Modeling somatic and dendritic spike mediated plasticity at the single neuron and network level
Authors: Bono Jacopo , Clopath Claudia 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSynaptic plasticity is thought to be the principal neuronal mechanism underlying learning. Models of plastic networks typically combine point neurons with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) as the learning rule. However, a point neuron does not capture the local non-linear processing of synaptic inputs allowed for by dendrites. Furthermore, experimental evidence suggests that STDP is not the only learning rule available to neurons. By implementing biophysically realistic neuron models, we study how dendrites enable multiple synaptic plasticity mechanisms to coexist in a single cell. In these models, we compare the conditions for STDP and for synaptic strengthening by local dendritic spikes. We also explore how the connectivity between two cells is affected by these plasticity rules and by different synaptic distributions. Finally, we show that how memory retention during associative learning can be prolonged in networks of neurons by including dendrites.
Dynamics of hybrid switching DS-I-A epidemic model
Authors: Liu Songnan , Jiang Daqing , Xu Xiaojie , Hayat Tasawar , Ahmad Bashir 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate a stochastic hybrid switching DS-I-A epidemic model. The extinction and the prevalence of the disease are discussed, and so, the threshold is given. Furthermore, the sufficient conditions for the existence of positive recurrence of the solutions are established by stochastic Lyapunov functions. At last, some examples and simulations are provided to illustrate our results.
Minimal Holocene retreat of large tidewater glaciers in Køge Bugt, southeast Greenland
Authors: Dyke Laurence M. , Andresen Camilla S. , Seidenkrantz Marit-Solveig , Hughes Anna L. C. , Hiemstra John F. , Murray Tavi , Bjørk Anders A. , Sutherland David A. , Vermassen Flor 
Published: September 2017

AbstractKøge Bugt, in southeast Greenland, hosts three of the largest glaciers of the Greenland Ice Sheet; these have been major contributors to ice loss in the last two decades. Despite its importance, the Holocene history of this area has not been investigated. We present a 9100 year sediment core record of glaciological and oceanographic changes from analysis of foraminiferal assemblages, the abundance of ice-rafted debris, and sortable silt grain size data. Results show that ice-rafted debris accumulated constantly throughout the core; this demonstrates that glaciers in Køge Bugt remained in tidewater settings throughout the last 9100 years. This observation constrains maximum Holocene glacier retreat here to less than 6 km from present-day positions. Retreat was minimal despite oceanic and climatic conditions during the early-Holocene that were at least as warm as the present-day. The limited Holocene retreat of glaciers in Køge Bugt was controlled by the subglacial topography of the area; the steeply sloping bed allowed glaciers here to stabilise during retreat. These findings underscore the need to account for individual glacier geometry when predicting future behaviour. We anticipate that glaciers in Køge Bugt will remain in stable configurations in the near-future, despite the predicted continuation of atmospheric and oceanic warming.
Crystal structure of an ASCH protein from Zymomonas mobilis and its ribonuclease activity specific for single-stranded RNA
Authors: Kim Bo-Na , Shin Minsang , Ha Sung Chul , Park Suk-Youl , Seo Pil-Won , Hofmann Andreas , Kim Jeong-Sun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractActivating signal cointegrator-1 homology (ASCH) domains were initially reported in human as a part of the ASC-1 transcriptional regulator, a component of a putative RNA-interacting protein complex; their presence has now been confirmed in a wide range of organisms. Here, we have determined the trigonal and monoclinic crystal structures of an ASCH domain-containing protein from Zymomonas mobilis (ZmASCH), and analyzed the structural determinants of its nucleic acid processing activity. The protein has a central β-barrel structure with several nearby α-helices. Positively charged surface patches form a cleft that runs through the pocket formed between the β-barrel and the surrounding α-helices. We further demonstrate by means of in vitro assays that ZmASCH binds nucleic acids, and degrades single-stranded RNAs in a magnesium ion-dependent manner with a cleavage preference for the phosphodiester bond between the pyrimidine and adenine nucleotides. ZmASCH also removes a nucleotide at the 5′-end. Mutagenesis studies, guided by molecular dynamics simulations, confirmed that three residues (Tyr47, Lys53, and Ser128) situated in the cleft contribute to nucleic acid-binding and RNA cleavage activities. These structural and biochemical studies imply that prokaryotic ASCH may function to control the cellular RNA amount.
Human iPSC disease modelling reveals functional and structural defects in retinal pigment epithelial cells harbouring the m.3243A > G mitochondrial DNA mutation
Authors: Chichagova Valeria , Hallam Dean , Collin Joseph , Buskin Adriana , Saretzki Gabriele , Armstrong Lyle , Yu-Wai-Man Patrick , Lako Majlinda , Steel David H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe m.3243A > G mitochondrial DNA mutation was originally described in patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes. The phenotypic spectrum of the m.3243A > G mutation has since expanded to include a spectrum of neuromuscular and ocular manifestations, including reduced vision with retinal degeneration, the underlying mechanism of which remains unclear. We used dermal fibroblasts, from patients with retinal pathology secondary to the m.3243A > G mutation to generate heteroplasmic induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) clones. RPE cells differentiated from these hiPSCs contained morphologically abnormal mitochondria and melanosomes, and exhibited marked functional defects in phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments. These findings have striking similarities to the pathological abnormalities reported in RPE cells studied from post-mortem tissues of affected m.3243A > G mutation carriers. Overall, our results indicate that RPE cells carrying the m.3243A > G mutation have a reduced ability to perform the critical physiological function of phagocytosis. Aberrant melanosomal morphology may potentially have consequences on the ability of the cells to perform another important protective function, namely absorption of stray light. Our in vitro cell model could prove a powerful tool to further dissect the complex pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the tissue specificity of the m.3243A > G mutation, and importantly, allow the future testing of novel therapeutic agents.