bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automorphic equivalence in the classical varieties of linear algebras
Authors: Tsurkov A. 
Published: September 2017

This research is a continuation of [Tsurkov, Automorphic equivalence of linear algebras, J. Algebra Appl. 13(7) (2014), doi:10.1142/S0219498814500261]. In this paper, we consider some classical varieties of linear algebras over the field [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text]. We study the relation between the geometric equivalence and automorphic equivalence of the algebras of these varieties. If we denote by [Formula: see text] one of these varieties, then [Formula: see text] is a category of the finite generated free algebras of the variety [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we calculate for the considered varieties the quotient group [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a group of all the automorphisms of the category [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a subgroup of all inner automorphisms of this category. The quotient group [Formula: see text] measures the possible difference between the geometric equivalence and automorphic equivalence of algebras from the variety [Formula: see text]. The results of this paper and [Tsurkov, Automorphic equivalence of linear algebras, J. Algebra Appl. 13(7) (2014), doi: 10.1142/S0219498814500261] are summarized in the table at the end of Sec. 5. We can see from this table that in all considered varieties of the linear algebras the group [Formula: see text] is generated by cosets which are presented by no more than two types of the strongly stable automorphisms of the category [Formula: see text]. The first type of automorphisms is connected with the changing of the multiplication by scalar and a the second type is connected with the changing of the multiplication of the elements of the algebras. In Sec. 6, we present some examples of the pairs of linear algebras such that the considered strongly stable automorphisms provide the automorphic equivalence of these algebras, but these algebras are not geometrically equivalent.
Effect of adipose tissue thickness, muscle site, and sex on near-infrared spectroscopy derived total-[hemoglobin + myoglobin]
Authors: Craig Jesse C. , Broxterman Ryan M. , Wilcox Samuel L. , Chen Chixiang , Barstow Thomas J. 
Published: September 2017

Craig JC, Broxterman RM, Wilcox SL, Chen C, Barstow TJ. Effect of adipose tissue thickness, muscle site, and sex on near-infrared spectroscopy derived total-[hemoglobin + myoglobin]. J Appl Physiol 123: 1571–1578, 2017. First published September 21, 2017; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00207.2017 .—Adipose tissue thickness (ATT) attenuates signals from near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and diminishes the absolute quantification of underlying tissues by contemporary NIRS devices. Based on the relationship between NIRS-derived total-[hemoglobin + myoglobin] (total-[Hb + Mb]) and ATT, we tested the hypotheses that the correction factor for ATT 1) is muscle site specific; 2) does not differ between men and women; and that 3) exclusion of the shortest source-detector distance from data analysis increases total-[Hb + Mb]. Fourteen healthy subjects (7 men) rested in a neutral body position (supine or prone) while measurements of total-[Hb + Mb] and ATT were taken at four muscles common to resting and exercise studies: vastus lateralis (VL), rectus femoris (RF), gastrocnemius (GS), and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS). ATT averaged 6.0 ± 0.4 mm across all muscles. Every muscle showed a negative slope ( r2: 0.6–0.94; P < 0.01) for total-[Hb + Mb] as a function of ATT: VL (−34 μM/mm), RF (−26 μM/mm), GS (−54 μM/mm), and FDS (−33 μM/mm). The projected total-[Hb + Mb] at 0 mm ATT ( y-intercept) was 452, 372, 620, and 456 μM for VL, RF, GS, and FDS, respectively. No differences were found between the sexes within VL, RF, or FDS, but men had a greater projected total-[Hb + Mb] at 0 mm for GS (688 ± 44 vs. 552 ± 40 μM; P < 0.05). Exclusion of the shortest source-detector distance increased total-[Hb + Mb] by 12 ± 1 μM ( P < 0.05). The present findings demonstrate that total-[Hb + Mb] should be corrected for ATT using muscle site-specific factors which are not sex specific, except in the case of GS. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is an important tool for physiologists and clinicians. However, adipose tissue greatly attenuates the signals from these devices. Correcting for this attenuation has been suggested based on the strength of the relationship between NIRS-derived measurements and the adipose tissue thickness. We show that this relationship is unique to the muscle site of interest but may not be sex specific. Accurate quantification of underlying tissue mandates researchers correct for adipose tissue thickness.
Brachial artery vasodilatory response and wall shear rate determined by multigate Doppler in a healthy young cohort
Authors: Aizawa Kunihiko , Sbragi Sara , Ramalli Alessandro , Tortoli Piero , Casanova Francesco , Morizzo Carmela , Thorn Clare E. , Shore Angela C. , Gates Phillip E. , Palombo Carlo 
Published: September 2017

Wall shear rate (WSR) is an important stimulus for the brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) response. However, WSR estimation near the arterial wall by conventional Doppler is inherently difficult. To overcome this limitation, we utilized multigate Doppler to accurately determine the WSR stimulus near the vessel wall simultaneously with the FMD response using an integrated FMD system [Ultrasound Advanced Open Platform (ULA-OP)]. Using the system, we aimed to perform a detailed analysis of WSR-FMD response and establish novel WSR parameters in a healthy young population. Data from 33 young healthy individuals (27.5 ± 4.9 yr, 19 females) were analyzed. FMD was assessed with reactive hyperemia using ULA-OP. All acquired raw data were postprocessed using custom-designed software to obtain WSR and diameter parameters. The acquired velocity data revealed that nonparabolic flow profiles within the cardiac cycle and under different flow states, with heterogeneity between participants. We also identified seven WSR magnitude and four WSR time-course parameters. Among them, WSR area under the curve until its return to baseline was the strongest predictor of the absolute ( R2 = 0.25) and percent ( R2 = 0.31) diameter changes in response to reactive hyperemia. For the first time, we identified mono- and biphasic WSR stimulus patterns within our cohort that produced different magnitudes of FMD response [absolute diameter change: 0.24 ± 0.10 mm (monophasic) vs. 0.17 ± 0.09 mm (biphasic), P < 0.05]. We concluded that accurate and detailed measurement of the WSR stimulus is important to comprehensively understand the FMD response and that this advance in current FMD technology could be important to better understand vascular physiology and pathology. NEW & NOTEWORTHY An estimation of wall shear rate (WSR) near the arterial wall by conventional Doppler ultrasound is inherently difficult. Using a recently developed integrated flow-mediated dilation ultrasound system, we were able to accurately estimate WSR near the wall and identified a number of novel WSR variables that may prove to be useful in the measurement of endothelial function, an important biomarker of vascular physiology and disease.
ASXL3 Is a Novel Pluripotency Factor in Human Respiratory Epithelial Cells and a Potential Therapeutic Target in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Shukla Vivek , Rao Mahadev , Zhang Hongen , Beers Jeanette , Wangsa Darawalee , Wangsa Danny , Buishand Floryne O. , Wang Yonghong , Yu Zhiya , Stevenson Holly S. , Reardon Emily S. , McLoughlin Kaitlin C. , Kaufman Andrew S. , Payabyab Eden C. , Hong Julie A. , Zhang Mary , Davis Sean , Edelman Daniel , Chen Guokai , Miettinen Markku M. , Restifo Nicholas P. , Ried Thomas , Meltzer Paul A. , Schrump David S. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this study, we generated induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) from normal human small airway epithelial cells (SAEC) to investigate epigenetic mechanisms of stemness and pluripotency in lung cancers. We documented key hallmarks of reprogramming in lung iPSCs (Lu-iPSC) that coincided with modulation of more than 15,000 genes relative to parental SAECs. Of particular novelty, we identified the PRC2-associated protein, ASXL3, which was markedly upregulated in Lu-iPSCs and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) lines and clinical specimens. ASXL3 overexpression correlated with increased genomic copy number in SCLC lines. ASXL3 silencing inhibited proliferation, clonogenicity, and teratoma formation by Lu-iPSCs, and diminished clonogenicity and malignant growth of SCLC cells in vivo. Collectively, our studies validate the utility of the Lu-iPSC model for elucidating epigenetic mechanisms contributing to pulmonary carcinogenesis and highlight ASXL3 as a novel candidate target for SCLC therapy. Cancer Res; 77(22); 6267–81. ©2017 AACR.
Scavenger Receptor CD36 Directs Nonclassical Monocyte Patrolling Along the Endothelium During Early Atherogenesis
Authors: Marcovecchio Paola M. , Thomas Graham D. , Mikulski Zbigniew , Ehinger Erik , Mueller Karin A.L. , Blatchley Amy , Wu Runpei , Miller Yury I. , Nguyen Anh Tram , Taylor Angela M. , McNamara Coleen A. , Ley Klaus , Hedrick Catherine C. 
Published: September 2017

Objective—
Nonclassical monocytes (NCM) function to maintain vascular homeostasis by crawling or patrolling along the vessel wall. This subset of monocytes responds to viruses, tumor cells, and other pathogens to aid in protection of the host. In this study, we wished to determine how early atherogenesis impacts NCM patrolling in the vasculature.

Approach and Results—

To study the role of NCM in early atherogenesis, we quantified the patrolling behaviors of NCM in ApoE
−/−
(apolipoprotein E) and C57BL/6J mice fed a Western diet. Using intravital imaging, we found that NCM from Western diet–fed mice display a 4-fold increase in patrolling activity within large peripheral blood vessels. Both human and mouse NCM preferentially engulfed OxLDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) in the vasculature, and we observed that OxLDL selectively induced NCM patrolling in vivo. Induction of patrolling during early atherogenesis required scavenger receptor CD36, as CD36
−/−
mice revealed a significant reduction in patrolling activity along the femoral vasculature. Mechanistically, we found that CD36-regulated patrolling was mediated by a SFK (src family kinase) through DAP12 (DNAX activating protein of 12KDa) adaptor protein.

Conclusions—
Our studies show a novel pathway for induction of NCM patrolling along the vascular wall during early atherogenesis. Mice fed a Western diet showed increased NCM patrolling activity with a concurrent increase in SFK phosphorylation. This patrolling activity was lost in the absence of either CD36 or DAP12. These data suggest that NCM function in an atheroprotective manner through sensing and responding to oxidized lipoprotein moieties via scavenger receptor engagement during early atherogenesis.
Impact of Stroke Risk Factors on Ethnic Stroke Disparities Among Midlife Mexican Americans and Non-Hispanic Whites
Authors: Patel Rajiv C. , Sánchez Brisa N. , Morgenstern Lewis B. , Li Chengwei , Lisabeth Lynda D. 
Published: September 2017

Background and Purpose—
We examined the contribution of stroke risk factors to midlife (age 45–59 years) Mexican American and non-Hispanic White ischemic stroke (IS) rate disparities from 2000 to 2010.

Methods—
Incident IS cases (n=707) and risk factors were identified from the Brain Attack Surveillance in Corpus Christi Project, Nueces County, TX (2000–2010). US Census data (2000–2010) were used to estimate the population at-risk for IS, and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2000–2010) was used to estimate risk factor prevalence in the stroke-free population. Poisson regression models combined IS counts (numerator) and population at-risk counts (denominator) classified by ethnicity and risk factor status to estimate unadjusted and risk factor–adjusted associations between ethnicity and IS rates. Separate models were run for each risk factor and extended to include an interaction term between ethnicity and risk factor.

Results—
The crude rate ratio (RR) for ethnicity (Mexican American versus non-Hispanic White) was 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.71–2.36) and was attenuated in models that adjusted for diabetes mellitus (RR: 1.50; 95% CI, 1.26–1.78) and hypertension (RR: 1.84; 95% CI, 1.50–2.26). In addition, diabetes mellitus had a stronger association with IS rates among Mexican Americans (RR: 6.42; 95% CI, 5.31–7.76) compared with non-Hispanic Whites (RR: 4.07; 95% CI, 3.68–4.51).

Conclusions—
The higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and stronger association of diabetes mellitus with IS among midlife Mexican Americans likely contribute to persistent midlife ethnic stroke disparities.
Legal Status of Maximum Sustainable Yield Concept in International Fisheries Law and Its Adoption in the Marine Fisheries Regime of Bangladesh: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Al Arif Abdullah 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Maximum sustainable yield, popularly known by its acronym msy, is perhaps the most disputed concept in the realm of international fisheries law. The first part of this article briefly describes the genesis, development and subsequent adoption of the msy concept in international, regional and national fisheries management instruments. The second part documents the criticisms that the msy concept has generated to date and seeks to find out the legal status of the msy concept in international fisheries law. The third part of this article critically examines the adoption of the msy concept in the legal and policy regime for marine fisheries in Bangladesh. The article argues that more rigorous provisions for conservation of marine ecosystem should be incorporated in fisheries management policies of Bangladesh instead of solely relying on the msy concept as an objective of fisheries management.
Vertical Modification on Depth-Integrated Ice Shelf Water Plume Modeling Based on an Equilibrium Vertical Profile of Suspended Frazil Ice Concentration
Authors: Cheng Chen , Wang Zhaomin , Liu Chengyan , Xia Ruibin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe ice shelf water (ISW) plume is a prevalent phenomenon at the base of an ice shelf or sea ice adjacent to the ice shelf front. Such plumes may become supercooled and deposit marine ice when they rise. In the existing frazil ice–laden ISW plume models, it is generally assumed that supercooling and frazil ice growth can be adequately treated by using depth-averaged freezing temperature and vertically uniform frazil ice concentration within a plume. In reality, however, the temperature deficit and frazil ice concentration both increase toward the top of the plume. Hence, frazil crystals typically experience a greater deficit than that suggested by the plume’s temperature subtracted from its depth-averaged freezing point. In this study, the authors considered the combined nonlinear effects of vertical structures of frazil ice concentration and thermal forcing within an ISW plume by introducing equilibrium vertical profiles of frazil ice concentration into a horizontal two-dimensional depth-integrated ISW plume model. A series of idealized numerical experiments and an observation-based simulation beneath the western side of Ronne Ice Shelf have been conducted by using the vertically modified and original depth-integrated ISW plume models. It was found that the supercooled area, supercooling level, and suspended frazil ice and marine ice productivities are all substantially underestimated by the original models. Moreover, the differences are sensitive to the selected frazil ice size configuration. These results suggest that the vertical modification introduced in this study can significantly improve simulated marine ice distribution and its corresponding production, in comparison with those estimated by previous depth-integrated models.
Prevalence of Femoral and Acetabular Version Abnormalities in Patients With Symptomatic Hip Disease: A Controlled Study of 538 Hips
Authors: Lerch Till D. , Todorski Inga A.S. , Steppacher Simon D. , Schmaranzer Florian , Werlen Stefan F. , Siebenrock Klaus A. , Tannast Moritz 
Published: September 2017

Background: Variations in femoral and acetabular version are becoming increasingly recognized as contributing factors to the development of hip pain in patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and hip dysplasia. It is still unknown what the true prevalence of these rotational abnormalities is in this patient population. Purpose: To determine (1) the prevalence of femoral version abnormalities in symptomatic hips with FAI and hip dysplasia, (2) the prevalence of combined abnormalities of femoral and acetabular version in these patients, and (3) which specific hip morphologies are associated with abnormalities of femoral version. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 462 symptomatic patients (538 hips) were included who had hip pain attributed to FAI or hip dysplasia and who presented to our tertiary referral center for hip preservation surgery between 2011 and 2015. We retrospectively examined femoral and acetabular version among 11 subgroups with predefined hip morphologies and compared findings with a control group. The allocation to each subgroup was based on morphologic reference values for femoral head coverage, lateral center edge angle, alpha angle, and neck-shaft angle calculated on plain radiographs. Results: Of the 538 hips included, 52% were found to have abnormal femoral version; severe abnormalities were found in 17%. Severely decreased femoral version (<0°) was found in 5%; moderately decreased femoral version (0°-10°), in 17%; moderately increased femoral version (26°-35°), in 18%; and severely increased femoral version (>35°), in 12%. The most frequent abnormal combination was increased femoral version combined with normal acetabular version (22%). We found significantly lower mean femoral version for the cam-type FAI group (15°) and significantly higher mean femoral version for the Perthes hips (32°; ie, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease) as compared with the control group (22°). The mean femoral version of the study group was 19°; for male patients, 15°; and for female patients, 22°. Conclusion: Abnormalities in femoral version are highly prevalent in patients with hip pain who are eligible for hip preservation surgery, and severe abnormalities are prevalent in 1 of 6 patients (17%). Based on these results, the evaluation of young patients with hip pain should always include an assessment of femoral version and acetabular version to best decide what treatment approach should be undertaken to optimize outcomes.
Testing alternative theoretical accounts of code-switching: Insights from comparative judgments of adjective–noun order
Authors: Stadthagen-González Hans , Parafita Couto M Carmen , Párraga C Alejandro , Damian Markus F 
Published: September 2017

Objectives: Spanish and English contrast in adjective–noun word order: for example, brown dress (English) vs. vestido marrón (‘dress brown’, Spanish). According to the Matrix Language model ( MLF) word order in code-switched sentences must be compatible with the word order of the matrix language, but working within the minimalist program (MP), Cantone and MacSwan arrived at the descriptive generalization that the position of the noun phrase relative to the adjective is determined by the adjective’s language. Our aim is to evaluate the predictions derived from these two models regarding adjective–noun order in Spanish–English code-switched sentences. Methodology: We contrasted the predictions from both models regarding the acceptability of code-switched sentences with different adjective–noun orders that were compatible with the MP, the MLF, both, or none. Acceptability was assessed in Experiment 1 with a 5-point Likert and in Experiment 2 with a 2-Alternative Forced Choice (2AFC) task. Data and analysis: Data from both experiments were subjected to linear mixed model analyses. Results from the 2AFC task were also analyzed using Thurstone’s law of comparative judgment. Conclusions: We found an additive effect in which both the language of the verb and the language of the adjective determine word order. Originality: Both experiments examine adjective–noun word order in English–Spanish code-switched sentences. Experiment 2 represents a novel application of Thurstone’s law of comparative judgements to the study of linguistic acceptability which yielded clearer results than Likert scales. We found convincing evidence that neither the MLF nor the MP can fully account for the acceptability of adjective–noun switches. Implications: We suggest that advances in our understanding of grammaticality in code-switching will be achieved by combining the insights of the two frameworks instead of considering them in isolation, or by espousing a probabilistic model of code-switching.
Concomitant alcohol and sedative-hypnotic drug use among the elderly in Norway
Authors: Bye Elin Kristin , Rossow Ingeborg 
Published: September 2017

Background: Sedative-hypnotic drugs (i.e., tranquilizers and sleeping pills) are more often used among the elderly compared to other age groups. Concomitant use of alcohol and sedative-hypnotic drugs constitutes a particularly high risk factor for accidental injuries among the elderly. However, few studies have addressed the prevalence of concomitant alcohol and sedative-hypnotic drug use and knowledge about the characteristics of such use is meagre. Aim: To assess the prevalence of concomitant alcohol and sedative-hypnotic drug use among elderly people and to explore the characteristics of such concomitant use. Data and method: Data stemmed from cross-sectional population surveys in Norway, conducted in the period 2012–2015 (sub-sample 60–79 years: N = 1920). Results: Respondents reported frequencies of use of sedatives (tranquilizers), hypnotics (sleeping pills) and alcohol consumption in the preceding 12 months. Sedative-hypnotic drug use was reported by 25%, and 19% reported both such drug use and alcohol use in the past year. Concomitant use, suggesting simultaneous intake of alcohol and drugs, was reported by 6%. Conclusions: Concomitant use was more often reported by women, hazardous alcohol users, non-working respondents, and by those in the lower income groups and those living alone. Health personnel need to take into consideration the risks associated with concomitant use and to inform their patients accordingly.
Substance use problems among people with mild/borderline intellectual disability
Authors: Juberg Anne , Røstad Monica , Søndenaa Erik 
Published: September 2017

Aims: This article aims to shed light on the prevalence of problem substance use in individuals with borderline or mild intellectual disability in Norway, the extent to which their problem use warrants multidisciplinary specialist substance treatment (MST) and whether they receive such treatment at present. Method: We employed a scoping review of international and Norwegian literature and made additional informal literature searches. Results: The prevalence of substance use problems among people with intellectual disability in Norway is uncertain. In spite of representing problem complexity of the kind that warrants MST and the entitlement of all population groups to such treatment, Norwegians with mild or borderline intellectual disability seem to receive treatment at this level only to a modest extent. Conclusion: In order to fit better with aims of Norwegian substance policy, there is a need for national research on the prevalence of substance use among people with intellectual disability. We also seem to need both effect studies and action research in order to strengthen screening and assessment routines and collaboration across competence areas and administrative levels and to develop treatment modalities that fit people in this population group.