bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a fourth arc in Abell 2626 at 610 MHz with the GMRT: spectral properties and possibilities for the origin
Authors: Kale Ruta , Gitti Myriam 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We report the discovery of a fourth eastern arc (Arc E) towards the cool-core cluster Abell 2626 using 610 MHz Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope observations. Three arcs towards north, west and south were known from earlier works at 1400 MHz and proposed to have originated in precessing radio jets of the central active galactic nucleus. The 610–1400 MHz integrated spectral indices of the arcs are in the range 3.2–3.6 and the spectral index map shows uniform distribution along the lengths of the arcs. If associated with A2626, the arcs have linear extents in the range 79–152 kpc. The detection of Arc E favours the scenario in which a pair of bipolar precessing jets were active and halted to produce the arc system. Based on the morphological symmetry and spectral similarity, we indicate a possible role of gravitational lensing. Further, high-resolution low-frequency observations and measurements of the mass of the system are needed to disentangle the mystery of this source.
Role of management devices in enacting strategy – case study of Shared Service Centre
Authors: Harritz Daniel 
Published: November 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to illustrate the role of management devices in enacting strategy and strategic decisions, resulting in the development of a Shared Service Centre (SSC) in a Danish municipality. It shows how devices interact in defending, rejecting and reframing strategy, leading to the closure of the SSC to pave the way for new strategic ideas.Design/methodology/approachIt uses a longitudinal case-based approach, which draws on actor-network theory, particularly Callon’s (1998) notions of framing and overflowing. These notions help describe strategic events and processes by highlighting the active role of non-human entities, such as management devices, in enacting and reformulating strategy.FindingsDifferent devices have become key actants in shaping and formulating the new strategy in the municipality and the strategic decision to construct an SSC. However, different devices mobilise different localities that protest, reject and participate in the closure of the SSC through a reframing strategy.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is subject to the general limitations of case-based research. Thus, the propositions should be further investigated to elaborate the performative role of management devices.Practical implicationsThe findings facilitate a deeper understanding of factors triggering strategic development in the public sector. Also, it identifies aspects leading to failures by investigating how different devices allow local actors to stay connected and affect the SSC’s creation.Originality/valueThis study is the first to use a performative method to highlight the temporary and local nature of enacting strategic decisions to construct an SSC in the public sector.
Drivers and semantic properties of intellectual capital information in sell-side analysts’ reports
Authors: Abhayawansa Subhash , Guthrie James 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to understand the potential usefulness of sell-side analysts’ investment recommendation reports as a medium for communicating intellectual capital (IC) information. It explores the manner in which analyst reports supply IC information and the types of companies in relation to which analyst reports supply most IC information.

Design/methodology/approach
A content analysis of 64 initiating coverage analyst reports written on Australian companies is performed. The content analysis focuses on three semantic properties of IC disclosures: format (i.e. discursive, numerical-non-monetary, numerical-monetary and visual), news-tenor (i.e. positive, neutral and negative) and time-orientation (i.e. forward-looking, non-time-specific and past-oriented). The paper investigates whether analyst reports contain more IC information on companies providing less IC information through their own channels. For this, the authors test the hypothesised relationship between the extent of IC information and the IC intensity of the analysed company’s sector and the systematic risk of the company.

Findings
IC information in analyst reports is more discursive than numerical, not significantly more forward-looking in general and balanced between negative or neutral and positive attributions (except for information on company management). However, compared to the semantic properties of corporate reporting media, analyst reports in this study communicate IC information in a manner arguably more useful to investors. A company’s systematic risk and sector in which the company operates are associated with the extent of IC information in analyst reports. The findings indicate that analysts’ contribution as an IC information provider is greatest for companies providing less IC information directly to the public.

Practical implications
The results have implications for policymakers contemplating reforming non-financial reporting regulation and ensuring a level playing field for investors and companies when determining corporate IC disclosure strategy and strategies for investor relations.

Originality/value
This is the first study to explore semantic properties and drivers of IC information in analysts’ initiating coverage reports. This paper highlights the importance of analyst reports as a medium for communicating IC information that could complement corporate communication media.
The welfare effects of coffee price volatility for Ethiopian coffee producers
Authors: Mohan Sushil , Gemech Firdu , Reeves Alan , Struthers John 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to estimate the welfare effects for Ethiopian coffee producers from eliminating coffee price volatility.

Design/methodology/approach
To estimate volatility, the generalised autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity technique is applied to monthly coffee prices in Ethiopia for the period 1976-2012. To distinguish between the unpredictable and predictable components of volatility, we obtain separate estimates of the conditional and unconditional variance of the residual. This is combined with estimates of the coefficient of relative risk aversion to measure the welfare effects from eliminating the unpredictable component of price volatility.

Findings
A key finding is that the welfare gain from eliminating coffee price volatility is small; the gain per producer comes to a meagre US$0.76 in a year.

Originality/value
This has important policy implications for the efficacy of price stabilisation mechanisms for coffee producers, i.e. any attempt to eliminate coffee price volatility at a cost may not be a preferred outcome for Ethiopian producers. The contribution of the paper lies in using the unconditional variance, as it more truly reflects price risk faced by coffee producers without overestimating it.
Evidence on rationality and behavioural biases in investment decision making
Authors: Kumar Satish , Goyal Nisha 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between rational decision-making and behavioural biases among individual investors in India, as well as to examine the influence of demographic variables on rational decision-making process and how those differences manifest themselves in the form of behavioural biases.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a structured questionnaire, a total of 386 valid responses have been collected from May to October 2015. Statistical techniques like t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher’s least significant difference (LSD) test have been used in this study. Structural equation modelling (SEM) has been used to analyse the relationship between rational decision-making and behavioural biases.

Findings
The findings show that the structural path model closely fits the sample data, indicating investors follow a rational decision-making process while investing. However, behavioural biases also arise in different stages of the decision-making process. It further explores that gender and income have a significant difference with respect to rational decision-making process. Male investors are more prone to overconfidence and herding bias in India.

Research limitations/implications
The findings of the study have significant implication for the individual investors. It is recommended that if individuals are aware about the biases, they may become alert before taking irrational investment decisions.

Originality/value
To best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study is a first of its kind to investigate the relationship between rational decision-making and behavioural biases among individual investors in India.
The impact of principal-principal conflict on financial flexibility
Authors: Estwick Stacey Alicia 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This study examined the attainment and the benefits of financial flexibility in the presence of concentrated ownership in the Caribbean.

Design/methodology/approach
This study used qualitative methodology via the use of case studies.

Findings
Results revealed that liquidity may be considered the most important form of financial flexibility for firms in transitioning economies, due to constrained capital markets. Blockholder firms also focus on liquidity out of a concern for recovering their substantial investment. This study suggested that in addition to an emphasis on liquidity, blockholder owners emphasise professionalism in managing the firm. This professionalism, accompanied by a genuine separation of ownership and control, may be critical in minimising the possibility of misappropriation of surplus liquidity. The study showed that blockholder owned firms may not recognise maximum capital investment benefits because of the use of sub-optimal capital budgeting techniques reflecting their liquidity preference, or pay maximum dividends, opting instead to use dividends as a governance tool. However, the ability to separate ownership from the management of the operations may counteract this, leading to an increased focus on net present value (NPV) maximising projects, and a dividend policy aimed at preserving future financial flexibility.

Research limitations/implications
This study highlights the value of qualitative studies in finance research, by providing a deeper insight into the management of firm financial flexibility, under blockholder ownership. It emphasises the importance of considering liquidity as a critical form of financial flexibility. Furthermore, the study shows that two significant factors in controlling principal–principal (PP) conflict may be the ability to separate ownership from control and the appointment of a professional management team.

Originality/value
This research introduces the variable of PP agency in the study of financial flexibility.
Effects of variation in the abundance and distribution of prey on the foraging success of central place foragers
Authors: Boyd Charlotte , Grünbaum Daniel , Hunt George L. , Punt André E. , Weimerskirch Henri , Bertrand Sophie 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Seabirds and pinnipeds are vulnerable to reductions in prey availability, especially during the breeding season when spatial constraints limit their adaptive capacity. There are growing concerns about the effects of fisheries on prey availability in regions where large commercial fisheries target forage fish.

For breeding seabirds and pinnipeds, prey availability depends on a combination of abundance, accessibility, patchiness and distance from the colony. An understanding of the aspects of prey availability that determine foraging success is essential for the design of effective management responses.

We used a mechanistic individual‐based foraging model based on observed data for two seabird species, the Peruvian Booby Sula variegata and Guanay Cormorant Phalacrocorax bougainvilliorum, to simulate the foraging patterns of seabirds feeding on schooling fish. We ran the model over simulated prey fields representing eight possible combinations of high or low prey abundance, shallow or deep prey, and broadly distributed or spatially concentrated prey.

The results highlight the importance of the accessibility of prey. Depth distribution was the primary factor determining modelled foraging success for both species, followed by abundance, and then spatial configuration.

Synthesis and applications. The individual‐based foraging model provides a spatially explicit framework for assessing the effects of fisheries on the foraging success of seabirds and other central place foragers, and for evaluating the potential effectiveness of marine‐protected areas and other fisheries management strategies for safeguarding central place foragers in dynamic ecosystems. Our analysis indicates that broad‐scale fisheries management strategies that maintain forage fish above critical biomass levels are essential, but may need to be supplemented by targeted actions, such as time–area closures, when environmental conditions lead to low prey abundance or reduce prey accessibility for seabirds or pinnipeds of conservation concern. The individual‐based foraging model is adaptable and could be reconfigured for application to other species and systems.
Urbanization and the City Image in Lowry at Tate Britain: Towards a Critique of Cultural Cityism
Authors: Millington Gareth 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article explores cultural cityism at a time when a more expansive, ‘planetary’ urbanization is argued to have superseded ‘the city’ as the dominant urban form. It takes an essentially Lefebvrian problematic and works this through an examination of one aspect of contemporary metropolitan culture, the L.S. Lowry exhibition at Tate Britain, held in the summer of 2013. The article scrutinizes the juxtaposition of Lowry's images of the industrial city with the image of ‘global’, corporate London provided by Tate Britain itself. The exhibition is presented as evidence of Lefebvre's argument that although the urban core has imploded and exploded, through images the city ‘can perpetuate itself, survive its conditions’. Taking stock also of the preponderance of city images in culture more widely, it is argued such images make a fetish of the city, producing also an ‘urban pastoral’ that obscures the defining characteristics of urban life today. Finally, Benjamin's concept of the ‘dialectical image’ and Rancière's notion of the ‘sentence image’ are invoked to capture the flashing together of past and present city images and the opportunities for critical reflection this constellation presents.
Conflict, choice or geography? Explaining patterns of democracy in continental Europe
Authors: BERNAUER JULIAN , VATTER ADRIAN 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe ‘character’ of democracy is regularly summarised using political‐institutional measures of, for instance, ‘consensus’ or ‘majoritarian’ democracy. Yet, there is little quantitative‐comparative research on the origins of such configurations. Drawing on literature on endogenous institutions and constitutional design, this article proposes a model for the explanation of empirical patterns of democracy. Using a novel database of 26 continental (neighbouring) European democracies and Bayesian spatial modelling, the results indicate that while today's empirical patterns of democracy in terms of proportional power diffusion can be traced back to waves of democratisation rather than historical partisan power configurations, decentral power diffusion can partially be explained by socio‐structural factors, and spatial dependencies exist for all variants of power diffusion.
BmCalpains are involved in autophagy and apoptosis during metamorphosis and after starvation in Bombyx mori
Authors: Yi Hui‐Yu , Yang Wan‐Ying , Wu Wen‐Mei , Li Xing‐Xia , Deng Xiao‐Juan , Li Qing‐Rong , Cao Yang , Zhong Yang‐Jin , Huang Ya‐Dong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractApoptosis and autophagy play crucial roles during Bombyx mori metamorphosis and in response to various adverse conditions, including starvation. Recently, calpain, one of the major intracellular proteases, has been reported to be involved in apoptosis and autophagy in mammals. BmATG5 and BmATG6 have been identified to mediate apoptosis following autophagy induced by 20‐hydroxyecdysone and starvation in B. mori. However, B. mori calpains and their functions remain unclear. In this study, phylogenetic analysis of calpains from B. mori, Drosophila melanogaster and Homo sapiens were performed and the results showed distinct close relationships of BmCalpain‐A/B with DmCalpain‐A/B, BmCalpain‐C with DmCalpain‐C, and BmCalpain‐7 with HsCalpain‐7. Then, the expression profiles of BmCalpains were analyzed by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and results showed that expression of BmCalpain‐A/B, BmCalpain‐C and BmCalpain‐7 was significantly increased during B. mori metamorphosis and induced in the fat body and midgut of starved larvae, which is consistent with the expression profiles of BmAtg5, BmAtg6 and BmCaspase‐1. Moreover, the apoptosis‐associated cleavage of BmATG6 in Bm‐12 cells was significantly enhanced when BmCalpain‐A/B and BmCalpain‐7 were induced by starvation, and was partially inhibited by the inhibitor of either calpain or caspase, but completely inhibited when both types of inhibitors were applied together. Our results indicated that BmCalpains, including BmCalpain‐A/B, ‐C and ‐7, may be involved in autophagy and apoptosis during B. mori metamorphosis and after starvation, and may also contribute to the apoptosis‐associated cleavage of BmATG6.
Radiotherapy in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: An Australian experience
Authors: So Kevin , Smith Robin E , Davis Sidney R 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionAnaplastic thyroid cancer is a rare and fatal malignancy, associated with significant local tumour and often treatment related morbidity. We report our experience in treating this cancer over a 20‐year period.MethodsA retrospective review of prospectively collected data from a single Australian Institution (Alfred Health Radiation Oncology) was carried out on patients referred with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma between 1992 and 2013.ResultsThirty patients (17 females and 13 males) were identified with a median age at presentation of 72 years. At presentation, six (20%), 14 (47%) and 10 (33%) patients had stage IVA, IVB and IVC disease respectively. Thirteen patients underwent radical surgical resection with five having microscopic residual (R1) and eight having macroscopic residual (R2) disease. Twenty‐eight patients were offered radiotherapy with 27 proceeding with treatment. Of those who received radiotherapy, three, six and 18 were treated with adjuvant, definitive and palliative intent respectively. Six patients had concomitant chemotherapy of which three received trimodality therapy. Only one patient experienced a grade 3 toxicity (oesophagitis). Median survival was 5.3 months and at last follow‐up or time of death, 19 of 27 (70.4%) maintained loco‐regional control. All patients who had R1 surgical resections and radiotherapy had loco‐regional control. Seven of nine (77.8%) and 12 of 18 (66.7%) achieved loco‐regional control after receiving definitive or palliative radiotherapy, respectively.ConclusionsOur study suggests that radiotherapy with or without surgery or chemotherapy is well‐tolerated and results in durable loco‐regional control in a high proportion of patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.
Alcohol use among fatally injured victims in São Paulo, Brazil: bridging the gap between research and health services in developing countries
Authors: Andreuccetti Gabriel , Leyton Vilma , Lemos Nikolas P. , Miziara Ivan Dieb , Ye Yu , Takitane Juliana , Munoz Daniel Romero , Reingold Arthur L. , Cherpitel Cheryl J. , de Carvalho Heraclito Barbosa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground and aimsMost studies reporting alcohol use among fatally injured victims are subject to bias, particularly those related to sample selection and to absence of injury context data. We developed a research method to estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption and test correlates of alcohol use prior to fatal injuries.Design, Setting and ParticipantsCross‐sectional study based on a probability sample of fatally injured adult victims (n = 365) autopsied in São Paulo, Brazil. Victims were sampled within systematically selected 8‐hour sampling blocks, generating a representative sample of fatal injuries occurring during all hours of the day for each day of the week between June 2014 and December 2015.MeasurementsThe presence of alcohol and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) were the primary outcomes evaluated according to victims’ socio‐demographic, injury context data (type, day, time and injury place) and criminal history characteristics.FindingsAlcohol was detected in 30.1% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 25.6–35.1)] of the victims, with a mean blood alcohol level (BAC) level of 0.11% w/v (95% CI = 0.09–0.13) among alcohol‐positive cases. Black and mixed race victims presented a higher mean BAC than white victims (P = 0.03). Fewer than one in every six suicides tested positive for alcohol, while almost half of traffic‐related casualties were alcohol‐positive. Having suffered traffic‐related injuries, particularly those involving vehicle crashes, and injuries occurring during weekends and at night were associated significantly with alcohol use before injury (P < 0.05).ConclusionsNearly one‐third of fatal injuries in São Paulo between June 2014 and December 2015 were alcohol‐related, with traffic accidents showing a greater association with alcohol use than other injuries. The sampling methodology tested here, including the possibility of adding injury context data to improve population‐based estimates of alcohol use before fatal injury, appears to be a reliable and lower‐cost strategy for avoiding biases common in death investigations.
Fire, food and sexual deception in the neighbourhood of some Australian orchids
Authors: Brown Julian , York Alan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe effective use of prescribed fire in biodiversity conservation is currently inhibited by a limited understanding of fire effects on ecosystem processes such as pollination. Orchids inhabiting fire‐prone landscapes are likely to be particularly sensitive because they often exhibit highly specialized pollination systems and provide no reward to pollinators, making them dependent on co‐flowering heterospecifics to attract and support pollinators. We investigated the hypothesis that fire‐driven changes in the local abundance of rewarding heterospecific flowers influence pollination in two rewardless Australian orchid species, Diuris maculata sensu lato and Caladenia tentaculata. Diuris maculata s.l. is thought to achieve pollination by mimicking papilionoid Fabaceae flowers. Caladenia tentaculata attracts male thynnine wasps through sexual deceit, and these wasps forage on the open‐access flowers of other taxa. We used a space‐for‐time substitution design with sites in different stages of post‐fire succession where we recorded capsule set in D. maculata s.l., pollinator visitation to C. tentaculata, the floral abundance of rewarding heterospecifics and abiotic conditions. Many rewarding taxa responded to fire age, but there was only weak evidence that capsule set in D. maculata s.l. was positively related to the local floral abundance of rewarding species. There was evidence of an overriding effect of rainfall on capsule set that may have obscured effects of the floral community. Visitation to C. tentaculata was not positively associated with any rewarding heterospecifics, and was negatively associated with rewarding Burchardia umbellata. Our preliminary findings highlight the need to account for multiple factors when trying to detect fire effects on pollination.