bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An integrated practical implementation of continuous aqueous two‐phase systems for the recovery of human IgG: From the microdevice to a multistage bench‐scale mixer‐settler device
Authors: Espitia‐Saloma Edith , Vâzquez‐Villegas Patricia , Rito‐Palomares Marco , Aguilar Oscar 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) are a liquid‐liquid extraction technology with clear process benefits; however, its lack of industrial embracement is still a challenge to overcome. Antibodies are a potential product to be recovered by ATPS in a commercial context. The objective of this work is to present a more integral approach of the different isolated strategies that have arisen in order to enable a practical, generic implementation of ATPS, using human immunoglobulin G (IgG) as experimental model. A microfluidic device is used for ATPS parameters preselection for product recovery. ATPS were continuously operated in a mixer‐settler device in one stage, multistage and multistage with recirculation configuration. Single‐stage pure IgG extraction with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350‐phophates ATPS within continuous operation allowed a 65% recovery. Further implementation of a multistage platform promoted a higher particle partitioning reaching a 90% recovery. The processing of IgG from a cell supernatant culture harvest in a multistage system with top phase recirculation resulted in 78% IgG recovery in bottom phase. This work conjugates three not widely spread methodologies for ATPS: microfluidics, continuous and multistage operation.
Microstructural white‐matter abnormalities and their relationship with cognitive dysfunction in obsessive–compulsive disorder
Authors: Magioncalda Paola , Martino Matteo , Ely Benjamin A. , Inglese Matilde , Stern Emily R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn recent years, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have detected subtle microstructural abnormalities of white matter (WM) in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). However, findings have been inconsistent, and it is unclear whether WM abnormalities are related to cognitive processes. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of WM alterations with cognitive variables in OCD in order to investigate the structural correlates of behaviorally relevant features of the disorder.MethodsWe compared DTI‐derived fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD) measures between OCD patients (n = 16) and healthy controls (n = 18) using a whole‐brain tract‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach. We also explored the correlations of WM alterations with clinical and cognitive variables.ResultsPatients with OCD demonstrated increases in MD in the bilateral posterior corona radiata; left anterior corona radiata; bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus; genu, body, and splenium of the corpus callosum; and left posterior limb of the internal capsule. An increase in RD values was also found in some of the same tracts (right posterior corona radiata, right superior longitudinal fasciculus, left anterior corona radiata, and corpus callosum). Furthermore, increased MD value in the internal capsule was correlated with the percentage of errors made during a target detection task, which was greater in the OCD group overall.ConclusionsThese findings indicate that OCD patients show greater diffusivity in several white‐matter regions. The correlation between cognitive performance and diffusivity in the internal capsule suggests that microstructural WM alternations may have functional consequences for the disorder.
Ni Nanoparticles Stabilized by Poly(Ionic Liquids) as Chemoselective and Magnetically Recoverable Catalysts for Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Vijayakrishna Kari , Charan K. T. Prabhu , Manojkumar Kasina , Venkatesh Sadhana , Pothanagandhi Nellepalli , Sivaramakrishna Akella , Mayuri Pinapeddavari , Kumar Annamalai Senthil , Sreedhar B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractImidazolium‐based poly(ionic liquids) with hydroxide as the counter anion were employed to prepare stable aqueous dispersion of Ni nanoparticles. The synthesized poly(ionic liquid) stabilized Ni nanoparticles (PIL‐Ni‐NPs) were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), powder XRD, TEM, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), EPR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The PIL‐Ni‐NPs possess good catalytic activity towards transfer hydrogenation (TH) reactions of carbonyl compounds to their alcohol derivatives, in isopropanol at 80 °C in the absence of any additional base. This catalyst system chemoselectively reduces only the carbonyl group of α,β unsaturated carbonyl compounds. The magnetically separable PIL‐Ni‐NPs were recycled and reused for further TH reactions.
Adsorption Equilibria of Dimethyl Carbonate and Ethyl Methyl Carbonate onto Activated Carbon
Authors: Stehmann Friederike , Prziwara Paul , Bradtmöller Christian , Schoenitz Martin , Scholl Stephan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIncreasing usage of lithium‐ion batteries requires new recycling strategies. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) represent about 50 % of the electrolyte and need to be captured from recycling exhaust gas. This study identifies adsorption as an advantageous method. Single component isotherms of DMC and EMC are presented applying the model of Tóth. Model parameters are used to calculate binary adsorption isotherms with the ideal adsorbed solution theory. Comparison with experimental data shows good agreement in respect to selectivity, temperature dependence and overall gas loading.
3D DEM‐CFD Simulation of the Formation of a Fixed Bed of Activated Carbon Grains, Air and Toluene Permeation and Toluene Adsorption
Authors: Schmidt Kilian , Ripperger Siegfried , Antonyuk Sergiy 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAdsorption is an indispensable technology in many industrial processes. In order to enhance the understanding of the process and to optimize its application, simulation is a useful tool. An approach to simulate adsorption of toluene from air in a fixed bed of activated carbon grains is exemplified. A 3D model of the fixed bed is generated by the discrete element method. Computational fluid dynamics simulations are carried out by the Lattice‐Boltzmann method. Numerical parameters are calibrated by matching single grain loading curves to experimental data.
Comparison of Coronary Artery Disease Consortium 1 and 2 Scores and Duke Clinical Score to Predict Obstructive Coronary Disease by Invasive Coronary Angiography
Authors: Almeida João , Fonseca Paulo , Dias Tiago , Ladeiras‐Lopes Ricardo , Bettencourt Nuno , Ribeiro José , Gama Vasco 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe first step in evaluating a patient with suspected stable coronary artery disease (CAD) is the determination of the pretest probability. The European Society of Cardiology guidelines recommend the use of the CAD Consortium 1 score (CAD1), which contrary to CAD Consortium 2 (CAD2) score and Duke Clinical Score (DCS), does not include modifiable cardiovascular risk factors.HypothesisUsing scores that include modifiable risk factors (DCS and CAD2) enhances prediction of CAD.MethodsWe retrospectively included all patients referred to invasive coronary angiography for suspected CAD from January/2008–December/2012 (N = 2234). Pretest probability was calculated using 3 models (CAD1, DCS, and CAD2), and they were compared using the net reclassification improvement.ResultsMean patient age was 63.7 years, 67.5% were male, and the majority (66.9%) had typical angina. Coronary artery disease was diagnosed in 58.5%, and the area under the curve was 0.685 for DCS, 0.664 for CAD1, and 0.683 for CAD2, with a statistically significant difference between CAD1 and the others (P < 0.001). The net reclassification improvement was 20% for DCS, related to adequate reclassification of 32% of patients with CAD to a higher risk category, and 5% for CAD2, at the cost of adequate reclassification of 34% of patients without CAD to a lower risk category.ConclusionsPrediction of CAD using scores that include modifiable cardiovascular risk factors seems to improve accuracy. Our results suggest that, in high‐prevalence populations, DCS may better identify patients at higher risk and CAD2 those at lower risk for CAD.
Relative effectiveness of azithromycin in killing intracellular Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Lai Pin‐Chuang , Walters John D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInvasive infections by Porphyromonas gingivalis are associated with persistent periodontal attachment loss and can be difficult to eliminate by scaling and root planing. Azithromycin (AZM) inhibits P. gingivalis and is actively accumulated by most human cells. We used an in vitro infection model to compare the effectiveness of AZM in killing intracellular P. gingivalis to the combined regimen of amoxicillin (AMX) and metronidazole (MET). Transport of [3H]‐AZM by human gingival fibroblasts was characterized. Monolayers of Smulow–Glickman gingival epithelial cells or gingival fibroblasts were infected with P. gingivalis (strain 33277 or W83). After extracellular bacteria were eliminated with teicoplanin, infected cells were treated with therapeutic concentrations of AZM, AMX, or AMX + MET. Viable intracellular bacteria were released by cell lysis and plated on blood agar for enumeration. Antimicrobial activity against planktonic P. gingivalis was also evaluated. While survival of intraepithelial P. gingivalis 33277 was not significantly different after treatment with the three regimens, survival in infected fibroblasts was significantly lower after AZM treatment (65.9 ± 5.5%) compared with AMX (92.2 ± 3.5%) or AMX + MET (79.8 ± 5.2%, P < 0.01). Carnitine, a competitive inhibitor of AZM transport, reduced killing by AZM by ~55% (P < 0.05). Survival of intrafibroblast P. gingivalis W83 was also significantly lower after AZM treatment compared with the other regimens (P < 0.05). At therapeutic concentrations, AZM was significantly more active against intracellular P. gingivalis than against planktonic P. gingivalis (P < 0.0083). Gingival epithelial cells and fibroblasts possess a transport system that accumulates AZM and enhances elimination of intracellular P. gingivalis. Compared with the combination of AMX and MET, AZM was equally effective against intraepithelial P. gingivalis 33277 and significantly more effective against both strains of P. gingivalis from infected gingival fibroblasts. The results suggest that AZM could be a reasonable alternative to the regimen of AMX and MET for periodontal patients who should not take these agents due to known side effects or compliance issues.
Flow cytometry as an improved method for the titration of Chlamydiaceae and other intracellular bacteria
Authors: Käser T. , Pasternak J. A. , Hamonic G. , Rieder M. , Lai K. , Delgado‐Ortega M. , Gerdts V. , Meurens F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractChlamydiaceae is a family of intracellular bacteria causing a range of diverse pathological outcomes. The most devastating human diseases are ocular infections with C. trachomatis leading to blindness and genital infections causing pelvic inflammatory disease with long‐term sequelae including infertility and chronic pelvic pain. In order to enable the comparison of experiments between laboratories investigating host‐chlamydia interactions, the infectious titer has to be determined. Titer determination of chlamydia is most commonly performed via microscopy of host cells infected with a serial dilution of chlamydia. However, other methods including fluorescent ELISpot (Fluorospot) and DNA Chip Scanning Technology have also been proposed to enumerate chlamydia‐infected cells. For viruses, flow cytometry has been suggested as a superior alternative to standard titration methods. In this study we compared the use of flow cytometry with microscopy and Fluorospot for the titration of C. suis as a representative of other intracellular bacteria. Titer determination via Fluorospot was unreliable, while titration via microscopy led to a linear read‐out range of 16 − 64 dilutions and moderate reproducibility with acceptable standard deviations within and between investigators. In contrast, flow cytometry had a vast linear read‐out range of 1,024 dilutions and the lowest standard deviations given a basic training in these methods. In addition, flow cytometry was faster and material costs were lower compared to microscopy. Flow cytometry offers a fast, cheap, precise, and reproducible alternative for the titration of intracellular bacteria like C. suis. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Comparison of EASYPREP® and SurePath® in thyroid fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Chong Yosep , Baek Ki Hyun , Kim Jee Young , Kim Tae‐Jung , Lee Eun Jung , Kang Chang Suk 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundWhile fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) using conventional smear has been widely accepted as the primary diagnostic tool for thyroid lesions, liquid‐based preparations (LBPs) are increasingly replacing it. A new automated LBP method, EASYPREP® (EP), was recently introduced and has shown relevant diagnostic efficacy in gynecologic samples. We compared the diagnostic utility of EP and SurePath® (SP), a more widely established LBP method, in thyroid FNAC.MethodsUnder the ultrasonographic guidance, 253 thyroid FNAC samples were collected by sample‐splitting manner. Three pathologists made cytologic diagnoses of EP and SP according to the Bethesda system independently and compared the cytomorphologic parameters. Cytohistologic correlation was performed in 30 resected cases.ResultsFifteen (5.9%) and 21 (8.3%) samples were unsatisfactory in SP and EP, respectively, owing to the unequal sample‐splitting. Cytologic diagnoses of SP and EP were consistent in 228 cases (90.1%), and inconsistent in remainder mostly owing to the unequal distribution of pathognomic cells. While cytomorphologic parameters were not significantly different between two methods, EP showed less three‐dimensional configuration in benign lesions. Cytohistologic correlation showed no significant differences in sensitivity (100% vs. 95.5%) and specificity (100% vs. 100%) between SP and EP. Labor time for processing 48 cases was 42% shorter with EP than with SP (28 min vs. 48 min).ConclusionsThe diagnostic utility of EP in thyroid FNAC was comparable to that of SP. EP allowed better visibility owing to better fragmentation of follicular clusters. The automated system of EP has the advantages of a shorter labor time for batch processing. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:283–290. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproducibility of cervical cytopathology following an intervention by an external quality control laboratory
Authors: Ázara Cinara Zago Silveira , Manrique Edna Joana Claudio , Tavares Suelene Brito do Nascimento , Alves de Souza Nadja Lindany , Magalhães Juliana Cristina , Amaral Rita Goreti 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundThis study assessed the effects of a continued education program on the agreement between cervical cytopathology exams interpreted by local laboratories and interpretation made by an external quality control laboratory (LabMEQ).MethodsOverall, 9,798 exams were analyzed between 2007 and 2008, prior to implementation of a continued education program, and 10,028 between 2010 and 2011, following implementation. Continued education consisted of theoretical and practical classes held every two months. The chi‐square test and the kappa coefficient were used in the statistical analysis.ResultsFollowing implementation of continued education, the rate of false‐negative results, and those leading to delays in clinical management fell in eight laboratories and the rate of false‐positive results in five. Agreement between the results reported by the laboratories and the findings of LabMEQ, evaluated according to clinical management, remained excellent in three laboratories (kappa >0.80 and <1.0), went from good (kappa >0.60 and <0.80) to excellent in seven and from excellent to good in two. Agreement regarding the identification of metaplastic epithelium was poor (kappa = 0.25) but progressed to excellent following the implementation of continued education (kappa = 0.950). Agreement between cytopathology results improved significantly following implementation of continued education in cases reported as unsatisfactory (P < 0.001), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (P < 0.001), low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (P < 0.001), and glandular atypia (P < 0.001).ConclusionContinued education contributed towards improving the reproducibility of cervical cytopathology, decreased the rates of false‐negative and false‐positive results, and reduced delays in clinical management. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:305–310. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hillslope response to insect‐induced land‐cover change: an integrated model of end‐member mixing
Authors: Bearup Lindsay A. , Maxwell Reed M. , McCray John E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCurrent understanding of streamflow composition in mountain watersheds is often limited by inherent uncertainties and collection limitations in field data and assumptions associated with modelling techniques. Additional complexity arises in catchments experiencing land‐cover change. Here, a hillslope model with fully integrated processes from the subsurface through the canopy is combined with Lagrangian particle tracking through the surface and subsurface domains to understand changes in flow paths and source waters with insect‐induced tree death. This approach explicitly simulates end‐member mixing by tracking parcels of water tagged as rain, snow, and pre‐simulation (‘old’) groundwater and provides a method of separating outflows from these sources. Model simulations identify increases in subsurface water availability resulting from transpiration loss and altered canopy processes that increase throughfall and land‐surface energy. Combined with changes in snowmelt timing, the shallower depth to saturation associated with tree death results in increased old groundwater contributions to streamflow. This shift in the source of outflow is consistent with prior field analysis of changing streamflow contributions with tree mortality from widespread insect infestation in the Rocky Mountains of North America. Model results also highlight mixing of old water and new precipitation within the groundwater end‐member. Mixed hillslope outflows indicate that combinations of topography and precipitation can drive a range of signatures in groundwater inputs over meaningful time periods. Ultimately, this work and analysis of field observations provide insight into hillslope hydrologic processes and can serve as a platform for more complex simulations of land‐cover perturbations to streamflow source partitioning. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Charge–Discharge Properties of Organometallic Co­polymers of Ferrocene and Triphen­ylamine as Cathode Active Materials for Organic‐Battery Applications
Authors: Xiang Jing , Sato Kan , Tokue Hiroshi , Oyaizu Kenichi , Ho Cheuk‐Lam , Nishide Hiroyuki , Wong Wai‐Yeung , Wei Mingdeng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTwo new organometallic copolymers (PVFVM1 and PVFVM1‐1) bearing different molar ratios of ferrocene and triphenylamine pendants were successfully designed and synthesized as cathode active materials for organic‐battery applications. Their structural and thermal characteristics were determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Cyclic voltammograms of the as‐prepared polymers show that the electrochemical reactions of the ferrocene and triphenylamine moieties are reversible after the first cycle. A composite electrode based on copolymer PVFVM1 exhibits an initial specific discharge capacity of 102 mA h g–1, which corresponds to 98 % of its theoretical capacity (104 mA h g–1). The cycle endurances for both polymers have been evaluated for over 50 cycles. Our results show that both copolymers are good candidates as a new class of cathode active materials and charge‐storage materials for rechargeable batteries.
Conformational Analysis of P,N‐Containing Eight‐Membered Heterocycles and Their Pt/Ni Complexes in Solution
Authors: Latypov Shamil , Strelnik Anna , Balueva Anna , Spiridonova Yulia , Karasik Andrey , Sinyashin Oleg 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn solution, 1,5‐diaza‐3,7‐diphosphacyclooctanes (PR2NR′2) are in equilibrium between the crown (CW; major) and chair–boat (CB; minor) forms. Aromatic substituent at the nitrogen atom shifts the equilibrium in favor of the CW form. [Pt(PR2NR′2)]Cl2 complexes exist in solution in the CB (CB*) conformation irrespective of the substituent at the heteroatoms. Aromatic substituents on N notably decrease the barrier of CB–CB* conformational exchange. Biligand complexes ([M(PR2NR′2)2]2+, M = Pt, Ni) are in CBCB1 conformation with distortion of the metal coordination plane. The CBCB1 form is in degenerate exchange with the CBCB1* form. In general, distortion of the metal coordination plane and the intramolecular exchange barriers are higher in Ni complexes than in Pt ones. An Ar group at the nitrogen atom increases the heterocycle interconversion rate. Bulky P‐substituents increase the distortion of the metal coordination plane and slow down its “twisting” rate. Counterions with stronger coordinating ability increase the barriers of intramolecular conversion.
Improved Access to Huprine Derivatives Functionalized at Position 9
Authors: Oukoloff Killian , Chao Sovy , Cieslikiewicz‐Bouet Monika , Mougeot Romain , Jean Ludovic , Renard Pierre‐Yves 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHerein, we present an improved synthetic pathway to huprine derivatives (the most potent family of non‐covalent acetylcholinesterase inhibitors described to date) with different functional groups at the C9‐position of the scaffold. Our approach enables selection of the desired terminal function prior to construction of the huprine scaffold and consists of three main steps: enol formation from a bicyclic ketone, Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling with different borane derivatives and a Friedländer condensation to access to the quinoline moiety. This synthetic route was found particularly useful for construction of huprine scaffolds equipped with methylene chains bearing different terminal groups such as hydroxy, azide, nitro, amino and carboxylic groups. These functionalized huprines are used as key intermediates in the preparation of multi‐target directed ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease or in the preparation of resins for purification of cholinesterases by affinity chromatography.
Fluorinated Radicamine A and B: Synthesis and Glycosidase Inhibition
Authors: Li Yi‐Xian , Iwaki Ren , Kato Atsushi , Jia Yue‐Mei , Fleet George W. J. , Zhao Xuan , Xiao Min , Yu Chu‐Yi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFluorinated derivatives of radicamine A and radicamine B have been synthesized from D‐arabinose‐derived cyclic nitrone. Structure–activity relationship studies showed that glycosidase inhibition of these fluorinated derivatives was significantly influenced by the position of the fluorine atom. C‐7 or C‐11 fluorination of the aromatic ring decreased α‐glucosidase inhibition of the derivatives, whereas C‐8 or C‐10 fluorination preserved glycosidase inhibitory activities.