bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Long‐term Study of the Association between the Relative Poverty Rate and Suicide Rate in Japan
Authors: Inoue Ken , Fujita Yasuyuki , Takeshita Haruo , Abe Shuntaro , Fujihara Junko , Ezoe Satoko , Sampei Mari , Miyaoka Tsuyoshi , Horiguchi Jun , Okazaki Yuji , Fukunaga Tatsushige 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe annual number of suicides in Japan totaled around 23,000 in 1997 and abruptly increased to around 31,000 in 1998. This figure has remained high since then. This abrupt increase in the number of suicides was primarily due to an increase in suicides occasioned by economic concerns. The association between various economic factors and suicide must be studied in detail and over the long term in order to ascertain the association between economic concerns and suicide. This study examined the relative poverty rate and the suicide rate in Japan over 30 years and discussed the association between those two rates. The results suggest that the relative poverty rate may be associated with the suicide rate for both sexes. This association is true for men in particular. The organizations and professionals involved in implementing suicide prevention measures should be cognizant of the current findings and consider formulating additional specific measures.
Secular Change in Morphological Pelvic Traits used for Sex Estimation
Authors: Klales Alexandra R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis research evaluates secular change in Phenice's (Am J Phys Anthropol, 30, 1969 and 297) three morphological traits of the pubis, as described by Klales et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol, 149, 2012 and 104): medial aspect of the ischio‐pubic ramus, subpubic contour, and ventral arc. Ordinal scores were collected for these traits and compared between a sample of innominates from the historical Hamann–Todd Collection (n = 170) and modern Bass Donated Collection (n = 129). Using the Freeman–Halton test, significant differences between temporal sample score frequencies were found for all traits in females and for the subpubic contour and ventral arc in males. Despite these findings, classification accuracy using logistic regression between the temporal periods remained low (68.7%). These results suggest that secular changes in trait expression are occurring; however, sex estimation methods using these traits and created with historical samples are still applicable to modern forensic cases. In fact, the secular changes occurring in these traits contribute to better classification accuracy between sexes in modern populations.
Anxiety symptoms and functioning in a community sample of individuals with type 2 diabetes: A longitudinal study
Authors: Deschênes Sonya S. , Burns Rachel J. , Schmitz Norbert 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with limitations in day‐to‐day functioning and with symptoms of anxiety. Although cross‐sectional associations between anxiety and functioning in individuals with T2D have been reported, the temporal dynamics of these associations are unclear. The present study examined the longitudinal cross‐lagged associations between anxiety symptoms and functioning in a community sample of individuals with T2D.MethodsData were from the Evaluation of Diabetes Treatment Study, a community‐based observational study of 1691 adults with T2D. Anxiety symptoms and functioning were assessed with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale‐7 and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, respectively, at baseline and every following year for 3 years. A cross‐lagged path analysis accounting for autoregressive effects, sociodemographic factors, and health‐related covariates was conducted using structural equation modeling.ResultsThe model demonstrated good fit with the data (comparative fit index >0.99,
= 11.44, P = 0.08, root mean square error of approximation = 0.02). Path coefficients indicated that elevated anxiety was associated with subsequent poor functioning (β‐values ranging from 0.05 to 0.16; P‐values <0.04) and that poor functioning was associated with subsequent elevated anxiety (β‐values ranging from 0.13 to 0.19; P‐values <0.001). The addition of depressive symptoms as a covariate did not affect model fit, although not all cross‐lagged path coefficients remained statistically significant; paths were strongest and most consistent between poor functioning and subsequent elevated anxiety.ConclusionsAnxiety symptoms and functioning seem to be reciprocally related among individuals with T2D, independent of depressive symptoms.
Impaired phagocytosis of apoptotic cell material in serologically active clinically quiescent patients with systemic lupus erythematosis
Authors: Huang Wen‐Nan , Tso Tim K. , Wu Hsiao‐Chih , Yang Hsiu‐Fen , Tsay Gregory J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimSerologically active clinically quiescent (SACQ) patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) account for 8–12% of all patients with SLE, but there is disagreement about whether such patients are indeed clinically stable. Patients with clinically active SLE have decreased macrophage function, although the status of SACQ patients with SLE is unclear.MethodThis study compared 18 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for SACQ SLE with 18 healthy volunteers with regard to the capability of macrophages to clear apoptotic bodies by use of a modified serum‐free phagocytosis test. Macrophages that naturally differentiated from monocytes were used to engulf apoptotic cells developed from polymorphonuclear neutrophils.ResultsThe results showed that macrophages from SACQ patients with SLE had less phagocytotic capability than those from healthy controls.ConclusionThe significant reduction of macrophage phagocytotic capability in these patients suggests the potential for disease recurrence. The use of a serum‐free method confirmed the presence of intrinsic factors that modulate the decrease of macrophage function in SLE.
Assessing Accountability in Practice: The Asian Development Bank's Accountability Mechanism
Authors: Park Susan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIntergovernmental Organizations (IOs) such as the Asian Development Bank (ADB) were created by and for states. The ADB was established to further economic growth and cooperation in the Asia Pacific. At the behest of its powerful member states the ADB created an accountability mechanism (AM) in 1995. This mechanism was created to provide recourse to people that might be or are ‘directly materially and adversely affected’ by a development project financed by the ADB. As with the other Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs), the creation of such an ‘external accountability mechanism’ recognized a legally relevant relationship between an IO and private persons. This article investigates the operations of the ADB's AM. Arguably, the ADB's AM has brought some improvement to affected people through its mediation, compliance investigations and monitoring. Yet analysis of the mechanism also demonstrates that progress is hampered by a lack of access, transparency, Developing Member Country (DMC) resistance, staff obstruction and a lack of independence in the mechanism itself.
Toward the most ideal case–control design with related and unrelated dogs in whole‐exome sequencing studies
Authors: Broeckx B.J.G. , Coopman F. , Verhoeven G.E.C. , De Keulenaer S. , De Meester E. , Bavegems V. , Smets P. , Van Ryssen B. , Van Nieuwerburgh F. , Deforce D. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryWith the recent development of whole‐exome sequencing enrichment designs for the dog, a novel tool for disease‐association studies became available. The aim of disease‐association studies is to identify one or a very limited number of putative causal variants or genes from the large pool of genetic variation. To maximize the efficiency of these studies and to provide some directions of what to expect, we evaluated the effect on variant reduction for various combinations of cases and controls for both dominant and recessive types of inheritance assuming variable degrees of penetrance and detectance. In this study, variant data of 14 dogs (13 Labrador Retrievers and one Dogue de Bordeaux), obtained by whole‐exome sequencing, were analyzed. In the filtering process, we found that unrelated dogs from the same breed share up to 70% of their variants, which is likely a consequence of the breeding history of the dog. For the designs tested with unrelated dogs, combining two cases and two controls gave the best result. These results were improved further by adding closely related dogs. Reduced penetrance and/or detectance has a drastic effect on the efficiency and is likely to have a profound effect on the sample size needed to elucidate the causal variant. Overall, we demonstrated that sequencing a small number of dogs results in a marked reduction of variants that are likely sufficient to pinpoint causal variants or genes.
Children's implicit understanding of the stress—illness link: Testing development of health cognitions
Authors: Cheetham Tara J. , Turner‐Cobb Julie M. , Gamble Tim 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveInnate knowledge and developmental stage theory have been used to explain children's understanding of concepts relating to health, illness, and stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the degree to which children demonstrate unconscious cognitive associations between the concepts of stress and illness.DesignThe study employed an experimental design using an age appropriate implicit association task.MethodsThirty‐two children (5–11 years of age) completed the Preschool Implicit Association Test (PSIAT), a computer‐based measure of reaction time to consistent (stress and illness) and inconsistent (stress and health) concept pairings.ResultsWhilst age group had a significant effect on reaction times (older children generally displaying faster reaction times than younger children), those as young as 5–6 years of age were able to demonstrate implicit associations between stress and illness using the PSIAT. There was also some indication that this association peaks at around 7–8 years of age.ConclusionsFindings support a combination of developmental stage theory and the innate theory of children's understanding. Whilst sample size is small, this study is the first to apply the PSIAT to the context of implicit cognitive associations between stress and illness in children. Findings have potential implications for the delivery of interventions to facilitate health promotion and development of positive health behaviours in children and indicate that even children as young as 5–6 years have some ability to relate to the concept that stress may influence illness.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

The way in which children understand health and illness is commensurate with their developmental stage and experience of illness. Children also appear to have a degree of innate understanding of health and illness and their causes. Furthermore, recent work suggests children have some innate understanding and knowledge of the concept of stress.

What does this study add?

This is the first study to use an implicit association task to assess children's understanding of stress and illness.

Implicit stress–illness associations were seen in children as young as 5–6 years of age.

Whilst sample size was small, this proof‐of‐concept study bridges disciplines to further understanding of health.
Local governance and the local political career in Canada: A sample dataset
Authors: Lucas Jack 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis research note introduces and describes a new dataset of political actors from the city of Kitchener, Ontario. The dataset is comprised of 348 complete political careers, across four local institutions, from 1912 to the present. This research note aims to show that large‐scale databases of local political actors can contribute to our understanding of (a) local political careers, (b) the dynamics of formal and informal local institutions, and (c) the nature and boundaries of local multilevel governance. This note concludes with some practical advice for those who wish to build similar datasets in other Canadian cities.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Substituted 4‐Anilinoquinazolines as Antitumor Agents
Authors: Cao Dong , Wang Xiaoyan , Lei Lei , Ma Liang , Yang Zhuang , Wang Fang , Chen Lijuan 
Published: December 2015

Eleven novel 4‐anilinoquinazoline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity. Among them, compound 9a exhibited the best potency, with IC50 values of 25−682 nm against various types of cancer cell lines. In addition, 9a was confirmed that it could arrest the cell cycle at G2/M phase and trigger apoptosis. Indirect immunofluorescence staining revealed its antitubulin property. Importantly, 9a significantly inhibited tumor growths in SM‐7721 xenograft models (57.0% tumor mass change) without causing significant loss of body weight, suggesting that 9a is a promising new anticancer agent to be developed.
Motor training at 3 months affects object exploration 12 months later
Authors: Libertus Klaus , Joh Amy S. , Needham Amy Work 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe development of new motor skills alters how infants interact with objects and people. Consequently, it has been suggested that motor skills may initiate a cascade of events influencing subsequent development. However, only correlational evidence for this assumption has been obtained thus far. The current study addressed this question experimentally by systematically varying reaching experiences in 40 three‐month‐old infants who were not reaching on their own yet and examining their object engagement in a longitudinal follow‐up assessment 12 months later. Results revealed increased object exploration and attention focusing skills in 15‐month‐old infants who experienced active reaching at 3 months of age compared to untrained infants or infants who only passively experienced reaching. Further, grasping activity after – but not before – reaching training predicted infants’ object exploration 12 months later. These findings provide evidence for the long‐term effects of reaching experiences and illustrate the cascading effects initiated by early motor skills.
Colour and emotion: children also associate red with negative valence
Authors: Gil Sandrine , Le Bigot Ludovic 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe association of colour with emotion constitutes a growing field of research, as it can affect how humans process their environment. Although there has been increasing interest in the association of red with negative valence in adults, little is known about how it develops. We therefore tested the red–negative association in children for the first time. Children aged 5–10 years performed a face categorization task in the form of a card‐sorting task. They had to judge whether ambiguous faces shown against three different colour backgrounds (red, grey, green) seemed to ‘feel good’ or ‘feel bad’. Results of logistic mixed models showed that – as previously demonstrated in adults – children across the age range provided significantly more ‘feel bad’ responses when the faces were given a red background. This finding is discussed in relation to colour–emotion association theories.
Regulation of trunk neural crest delamination by δEF1 and Sip1 in the chicken embryo
Authors: Yasumi Takahiro , Inoue Masashi , Maruhashi Mitsuji , Kamachi Yusuke , Higashi Yujiro , Kondoh Hisato , Uchikawa Masanori 
Published: December 2015

The vertebrate Zfhx1 transcription factor family comprises δEF1 and Sip1, which bind to CACCT‐containing sequences and act as transcriptional repressors. It has been a longstanding question whether these transcription factors share the same regulatory functions in vivo. It has been shown that neural crest (NC) delamination depends on the Sip1 activity at the cranial level in mouse and chicken embryos, and it remained unclear how NC delamination is regulated at the trunk level. We observed that the expression of δEF1 and Sip1 overlaps in many tissues in chicken embryos, including NC cells at the trunk level. To clarify the above questions, we separately knocked down δEF1 and Sip1 or in combination in NC cells by electroporation of vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) against respective mRNAs on the dorsal side of neural tubes that generate NC cells. In all cases, the migrating NC cell population was significantly reduced, paralleled by the decreased expression of δEF1 or Sip1 targeted by shRNAs. Expression of Sox10, the major transcription factor that regulates NC development, was also decreased by the shRNAs against δEF1 or Sip1. We conclude that the trunk NC delamination is regulated by both δEF1 and Sip1 in an analogous manner, and that these transcription factors can share equivalent regulatory functions in embryonic tissues.
Development and comparison of trunk traps to monitor movement of Halyomorpha halys nymphs on host trees
Authors: Acebes‐Doria Angelita L. , Leskey Tracy C. , Bergh J. Christopher 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHalyomorpha halys Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) has recently become a major orchard pest in the Mid‐Atlantic, USA. Large H. halys populations can develop on wild tree hosts adjacent to orchards, posing an ongoing threat to fruit. Adults and nymphs feed on tree fruit, causing economic injury. Understanding the seasonal patterns of nymphal host use among trees at the orchard‐woodland interface may aid the development of integrated pest management strategies for this pest. In laboratory and field experiments, modified versions of published trap designs – ‘Circle’, ‘Hanula’, ‘M&M’ (after Moeed & Meads) traps – were compared for their effectiveness for capturing H. halys nymphs walking up and down tree trunks. In the laboratory, second instars were released at the top and bottom of ailanthus (tree of heaven), Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle (Simaroubaceae), logs and captures were recorded after 24 h. Circle and M&M traps, respectively, were most effective for capturing nymphs walking up and down. In the field, traps were deployed on ailanthus trees next to apple orchards and captures were recorded weekly from 24 July to 11 September 2013. As in the laboratory, Circle and M&M traps captured the greatest number of upward‐ and downward‐walking nymphs. Hanula traps were least effective in both experiments. In the field, 88% of total captures were of nymphs walking up trees. This was at least partially explained by behavioral assays in the laboratory demonstrating that nymphs exhibited negative gravitaxis and positive phototaxis. Stage‐specific trends in captures of instars walking up during field sampling were observed. These results suggest that trunk traps can be used to address important ecological questions about seasonal patterns of host use by H. halys nymphs.
Language Mediation in an L3 Classroom: The Role of Task Modalities and Task Types
Authors: Payant Caroline , Kim YouJin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPedagogical tasks in language learning settings promote learner–learner interaction and provide second language (L2) learners with opportunities to process authentic input and produce output (Philp, Adams, & Iwashita, 2014). During these interactions, learners use their language repertoire to mediate their output (Swain & Lapkin, 2000). Although language mediation has been investigated in various L2 settings, few studies have explored the mediating functions of the languages of plurilingual learners from a sociocultural perspective. The current case study examined the specific mediating functions of language sources (i.e., first, second, and third language) in the oral and written modalities during different types of pedagogical tasks among four students learning French as a third language (L3) in Mexico. Data sources included interactional turns produced during task completion and one‐on‐one interviews. The findings indicated that task modalities and task types impact the specific mediating functions of the L1 and L3. In addition, the quantity of L1 mediation appeared to be impacted by the learners' linguistic proficiencies. Implications for foreign language pedagogy are presented.
Schleiermacher's Repudiation of Dordrecht in his Essay ‘On the Doctrine of Election’
Authors: Thorsell Paul R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFriedrich Schleiermacher intended his essay ‘On the Doctrine of Election’ to defend the Augustinian/Calvinian logic of the Reformed doctrine of unconditional election. Counterintuitively he repudiated the Synod of Dordrecht which similarly defended unconditional election for reasons both political/ecclesiastical and theological. Politically he wanted to protect the newly united Reformed‐Lutheran Church in Prussia and the Synod had ended up dividing the Reformed churches over the doctrine of election. Theologically Schleiermacher sought a revised doctrine of election to eliminate any bifurcation between the blessed and the damned in God's decree and to elide completely the notion of eternal punishment in hell.
Association of the Glu504Lys polymorphism in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene with endothelium‐dependent dilation disorder in Chinese Han patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Ma X. , Zheng S. , Shu Y. , Wang Y. , Chen X. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundIn essential hypertension (EH), 30–50% of the variability in blood pressure is determined by genetic factors. The aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene Glu504Lys polymorphism is associated with ‘alcohol flush’ and might be associated with EH.AimsThe aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the Glu504Lys polymorphism in the ALDH2 gene with endothelium‐dependent dilation (EDD) disorder in Chinese Han patients with EH.MethodsThis case–control study enrolled 1210 patients with EH. The control group consisted of 1089 healthy subjects with normal blood pressure. Patients with EH were divided into normal brachial arterial flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) (EH1 group, n = 354) versus endothelial dysfunction (EH2 group, n = 856). ALDH2 gene Glu504Lys polymorphism was detected using a DNA microarray.ResultsThe ALDH2 AA/AG genotypes and the A allele frequencies were significantly higher in the EH group compared with healthy controls (both P < 0.05) and significantly higher in the EH2 group compared with the EH1 group (79.8 vs 51.4%; 45.0 vs 29.1%, respectively; both P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the ALDH2 gene Glu504Lys polymorphism was independently associated with EH (dominant: odds ratio (OR) = 1.38; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.14–2.82; P = 0.01; additive: OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.12–2.44; P = 0.02) as well as with EDD in patients with EH (dominant: OR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.16–3.01, P = 0.02; additive: OR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.10–2.87, P = 0.03).ConclusionThe ALDH2 Glu504Lys polymorphism was associated with EDD disorders in Chinese Han patients with EH, providing further evidence that this mutation and ‘alcohol flush’ are not harmless in this Asian population.