bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of AgWCNx Nanocomposites for the One‐Step Conversion of Cyclohexene to Adipic Acid and Its Mechanistic Studies
Authors: Goyal Reena , Sameer Siddharth , Sarkar Bipul , Bag Arijit , Singhal Nikita , Bordoloi Ankur 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA novel catalyst composed of silver nanoparticles grafted on WCNx has been prepared by using a facile pH‐adjusted method. The material reported in this study presents a non‐mineral acid route for the synthesis of the industrially significant monomer adipic acid through the selective oxidation of cyclohexene. Ag has been stabilized in the hydrophobic matrix during the formation of the mesoporous silica material by using aniline as stabilizing agent. A cyclohexene conversion of 92.2 % with 96.2 % selectivity for adipic acid was observed with the AgWCNx‐2 catalyst, therefore, the AgWCNx catalyst was found to be efficient for the direct conversion to adipic acid with respect to their monometallic counterparts. The energy profile diagrams for each reaction path by using the AgWCNx catalyst were studied along with their monometallic counterparts by using the Gaussian 09 package. The reported material can avoid the use of harmful phase‐transfer catalysts (PTC) and/or chlorinated additives, which are two among other benefits of the reported work.
Metal‐Based Diversity for Crystalline Metal‐Fullerene Frameworks
Authors: Kraft Andreas , Roger Chantal , Schmidt David , Stangl Johannes , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Beuerle Florian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFour different three‐dimensional metal–fullerene frameworks were synthesized through polymerization of two C60‐derived dodecaacids with varying alkyl spacers in the presence of Ca2+, Cu2+ or Cd2+ ions. Structural analysis of the frameworks was performed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and porosity of the materials was investigated by sorption measurements.
Heterometallic Zn3Ln3 Ensembles Containing (μ6‐CO3) Ligand and Triangular Disposition of Ln3+ ions: Analysis of Single‐Molecule Toroic (SMT) and Single‐Molecule Magnet (SMM) Behavior
Authors: Goura Joydeb , Colacio Enrique , Herrera Juan Manuel , Suturina Elizaveta A. , Kuprov Ilya , Lan Yanhua , Wernsdorfer Wolfgang , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo new heterometallic Zn3Ln3 (Ln3+=Dy, Tb) complexes, with a double triangular topology of the metal ions, have been assembled from the polytopic Mannich base ligand 6,6′‐{[2‐(dimethylamino)ethylazanediyl]bis(methylene)}bis(2‐methoxy‐4‐methylphenol) (H2L) with the aid of an in situ generated carbonate ligand from atmospheric CO2 fixation. Theoretical calculations indicate axial ground states for the Ln3+ ions in these complexes, with their local magnetic moments being almost coplanar and tangential to the Ln3+ atoms that define the equilateral triangle. Therefore, they can be considered as single‐molecule toroics (SMTs) with almost zero total magnetic moment. Micro‐SQUID measurements on the Dy3+ counterpart show hysteresis loops below 3 K that have an S‐shape, with large coercive fields opening upon cooling. This behavior is typical of a single molecule magnet (SMM) with very slow zero‐field relaxation. At around ±0.35 T, the loops have a broad step, which is due to a direct relaxation process and corresponds to an acceleration of the relaxation of the magnetization, also observed at this magnetic field from ac susceptibility measurements. Simulations suggest that the broad step corresponds to two level avoidance of crossing points where the spin chiral Kramers doublet meets excited states of the coupled manifold, whose position is defined by exchange and dipole interactions. The Tb3+ counterpart does not exhibit SMM behavior, which is due to the fact that the degeneracy of the ground state of the exchange coupled system is lifted at zero field, thus favoring quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM).
Corrosion‐resistant coating development with potential application in equipment of low‐temperature waste heat recovery
Authors: Zhuang Quan , Geddis Phil , Clements Bruce , Ko Vivien 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn order to improve corrosion resistance of a condensing heat exchanger, a fluoropolymer, perfluoroalkoxy alkane (PFA), fine powder in 30 wt% aqueous slurry was coated on metal coupons and a coating of high quality finish was obtained. The coating was characterized by microscopy and thickness measurements. The thickness of the coating can be controlled by the number of layers used for the application of wet spray. Hot acid bath corrosion tests showed that the coated coupon possesses the highest adhesion strength and excellent corrosion resistance (1.8–6.7 × 10−3 mm/year), comparable to super alloys such as Inconel (1.1–26.2 × 10−3 mm/year) and Hastelloy (0.3–19.8 × 10−3 mm/year). A heat transfer coefficient analysis showed that across a heat transfer metal tube coated with PFA, the heat transfer resistance of the gas side film is one order of magnitude larger than the resistance from the coated layer. The developed coating could provide an alternative material solution for condensing heat exchangers used in low‐grade waste heat recovery.
Solubility‐Improved 10‐O‐Substituted SN‐38 Derivatives with Antitumor Activity
Authors: Doi Hisashi , Kida Tatsuya , Nishino Kosuke , Nakatsuji Masatoshi , Sakamoto Shiho , Shimizu Shota , Teraoka Yoshiaki , Tamura Yasuhisa , Kataoka Yosky , Inui Takashi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWith the objective of improving the poor water solubility of the potent antitumor compound SN‐38, 10‐O‐substituted SN‐38 derivatives were developed by the introduction of fluoroalkyl, fluorobenzoyl, or bromobenzoyl groups. The 10‐O‐fluoropropyl‐substituted compound 2 {(S)‐4,11‐diethyl‐9‐(3‐fluoropropoxy)‐4‐hydroxy‐1H‐pyrano[3′,4′:6,7]indolizino[1,2‐b]quinoline‐3,14(4H,12H)‐dione} was found to be 17‐fold more soluble than SN‐38 in phosphate‐buffered saline, and it exhibited a level of biological activity ≈50 % that of SN‐38 in a cytotoxicity assay using the prostate cancer cell line PC‐3. Five other derivatives did not show solubility improvements to the same extent, but their activities in cytotoxicity assays were nearly the same as that of SN‐38. In vivo studies of 2 with PC‐3 tumor‐bearing mice revealed that it has higher antitumor activity than SN‐38, even at lower dosage. These results will promote the medicinal chemistry application of 10‐O‐modifications of SN‐38 and help reestablish the potential this drug. Furthermore, the inclusion of fluoro and bromo substituents means that the synthetic strategy developed here may be used to obtain 18F‐ or 76Br‐labeled SN‐38 derivatives for in vivo positron emission tomography studies.
Expression of regulatory genes in the embryonic brain of a lizard and implications for understanding pallial organization and evolution
Authors: Desfilis Ester , Abellán Antonio , Sentandreu Vicente , Medina Loreta 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe comparison of gene expression patterns in the embryonic brain of mouse and chicken is being essential for understanding pallial organization. However, the scarcity of gene expression data in reptiles, crucial for understanding evolution, makes it difficult to identify homologues of pallial divisions in different amniotes. We cloned and analyzed the expression of the genes Emx1, Lhx2, Lhx9, and Tbr1 in the embryonic telencephalon of the lacertid lizard Psammodromus algirus. The comparative expression patterns of these genes, critical for pallial development, are better understood when using a recently proposed six‐part model of pallial divisions. The lizard medial pallium, expressing all genes, includes the medial and dorsomedial cortices, and the majority of the dorsal cortex, except the region of the lateral cortical superposition. The latter is rich in Lhx9 expression, being excluded as a candidate of dorsal or lateral pallia, and may belong to a distinct dorsolateral pallium, which extends from rostral to caudal levels. Thus, the neocortex homolog cannot be found in the classical reptilian dorsal cortex, but perhaps in a small Emx1‐expressing/Lhx9‐negative area at the front of the telencephalon, resembling the avian hyperpallium. The ventral pallium, expressing Lhx9, but not Emx1, gives rise to the dorsal ventricular ridge and appears comparable to the avian nidopallium. We also identified a distinct ventrocaudal pallial sector comparable to the avian arcopallium and to part of the mammalian pallial amygdala. These data open new venues for understanding the organization and evolution of the pallium.
Decoupling the Effects of High Crystallinity and Surface Area on the Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting over β‐Ga2O3 Nanoparticles by Chemical Vapor Synthesis
Authors: Lukic Sasa , Menze Jasper , Weide Philipp , Busser G. Wilma , Winterer Markus , Muhler Martin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChemical vapor synthesis (CVS) is a unique method to prepare well‐defined photocatalyst materials with both large specific surface area and a high degree of crystallinity. The obtained β‐Ga2O3 nanoparticles were optimized for photocatalysis by reductive photodeposition of the Rh/CrOx co‐catalyst system. The influence of the degree of crystallinity and the specific surface area on photocatalytic aqueous methanol reforming and overall water splitting (OWS) was investigated by synthesizing β‐Ga2O3 samples in the temperature range from 1000 °C to 1500 °C. With increasing temperature, the specific surface area and the microstrain were found to decrease, whereas the degree of crystallinity and the crystallite size increased. Whereas the photocatalyst with the highest specific surface area showed the highest aqueous methanol reforming activity, the highest OWS activity was that for the sample with an optimum ratio between high degree of crystallinity and specific surface area. Thus, it was possible to show that the facile aqueous methanol reforming and the demanding OWS have different requirements for high photocatalytic activity.
Open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography using carboxylatopillar[5]arene as stationary phase
Authors: Kong Deying , Chen Zilin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPillar[n]arenes have achieved much interest in material chemistry and supramolecular chemistry due to unusual pillar shape structure and high selectivity toward guest. However, pillar[n]arenes have not yet been applied in capillary electrochromatography. This work at first time reports that carboxylatopillar[5]arene is used as a stationary phase in open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography. Carboxylatopillar[5]arene not only possess the advantages of pillar[n]arenes but also provide free carboxy groups for immobilizing on the inner wall of capillary column via covalent bonding. The characterization of SEM and FT‐IR indicated that carboxylatopillar[5]arene was successfully grafted on the inner wall of capillary. The baseline separation of model analytes including neutral, basic, and acidic compounds, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and dansyl‐amino acids have been achieved thanks to the electron‐rich cavity of carboxylatopillar[5]arene and hydrophobic interactions between the analytes and stationary phase. The intraday, interday, and column‐to‐column precisions (RSDs) of retention time and peak area for the neutral analytes were all less than 3.34 and 9.65%, respectively. This work indicates that pillar[n]arenes have great potential in capillary electrochromatography as novel stationary phase.
Suspended graphene oxide nanoparticle for accelerated multilayer osteoblast attachment
Authors: Foroutan Tahereh , Nazemi Negin , Tavana Mohadeseh , Kassaee Mohammad Zaman , Motamedi Elaheh , Sonieshargh Shima , Zare Zardini Hadi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMimicking bone tissues having layered structures is still a significant challenge because of the lack of technologies to assemble osteoblast cell types into bone structures. One of the promising and attractive materials in biomedical and different engineering fields is graphene and graphene‐based nanostructures such as graphene oxide (GO) because of their unique properties. In most studies, GO was synthesized using chemical vapor deposition method, and was coated on the substrate. In this study, we proposed a simple technique for assembly of cells that facilitates the construction of osteoblast‐like structures using suspended GO synthesized by graphite powder, H2SO4, and KMnO4.Toxicity effects of GO on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) derived from bone marrow were analyzed. In addition to normal MSCs, toxicity effects of GO on human cancer cell line saos‐2 as an abnormal cell line that possess several osteoblastic features, was examined. The attachment and expression of osteoblast cells genes were evaluated after differentiation of MSCs to osteoblast cells in presence of suspended GO by scanning electron microscopy and real time PCR. We found that the toxicity effects of GO are dose dependent and in oseogenic medium containing suspended GO the expression level of osteoblast genes osteopontin and osteocalcin and cell adhesion markers connexin were higher than control group. Interestingly, through this method GO was found to induce multilayer osteoblast cell morphology and enhance the number of cell layer. We expect that the presented method would become a highly useful approach for bone tissue engineering. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 293–303, 2018.
Poly(vinylphosphonic acid‐co‐acrylic acid) hydrogels: The effect of copolymer composition on osteoblast adhesion and proliferation
Authors: Dey Rebecca E. , Wimpenny Ian , Gough Julie E. , Watts David C. , Budd Peter M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThere is a clinical need for a synthetic bone graft substitute that can be used at sites of surgical intervention to promote bone regeneration. Poly(vinylphosphonic acid‐co‐acrylic acid) (PVPA‐co‐AA) has recently been identified as a potential candidate for use in bone tissue scaffolds. It is hypothesized that PVPA‐co‐AA can bind to divalent calcium ions on bone mineral surfaces to control matrix mineralization and promote bone formation. In this study, hydrogels of PVPA‐co‐AA have been produced and the effect of copolymer composition on the structure and properties of the gels was investigated. It was found that an increase in VPA content led to the production of hydrogels with high porosities and greater swelling capacities. Consequently, improved cell adhesion and proliferation was observed on these hydrogels, as well as superior cell spreading morphologies. Furthermore, whereas poly(acrylic acid) gels were shown to be relatively brittle, an increase in VPA content created more flexible hydrogels that can be more easily molded into bone defect sites. Therefore, this work demonstrates that the mechanical and cell adhesion properties of PVPA‐co‐AA hydrogels can be tuned for the specific application by altering the copolymer composition. © 2017 The Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 255–264, 2018.
Ectoparasites as developmental stressors: Effects on somatic and physiological development
Authors: Pryor Leah J. E. , Casto Joseph M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDevelopmental stress can alter resource allocation in early life, and in altricial birds with rapid developmental trajectories and high resource demands, nestlings may adjust early resource partitioning to cope with challenging environments. We experimentally manipulated ectoparasite levels in nests and assessed whether ectoparasites affected somatic and physiological development in European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) nestlings. We hypothesized that mites act as developmental stressors in nestlings and predicted that nestlings from infested nests would exhibit either reduced somatic growth, or reduced physiological development, including impaired innate immunity, and would have elevated corticosterone concentrations. We either added ≈200 mites to nests during early incubation, or treated nests with a pesticide, permethrin, to reduce mites and possibly other arthropods. We assessed treatment effects on egg spottiness and mite abundance, and monitored offspring hatching and survival. We also measured somatic growth (mass, tarsus length, and feather growth), hematocrit, immune‐related metrics (bacterial killing ability [BKA] and spleen mass), and baseline corticosterone concentrations in response to treatment. Compared with mite treatment, permethrin reduced egg spottiness and mite abundance in nests. Relative to nestlings in mite‐reduced nests, nestlings in mite‐enhanced nests had lower survival, hematocrit, and corticosterone concentrations. Early in development, nestlings from both treatments exhibited similar rapid somatic growth, yet mite‐treated nestlings exhibited lower BKA. Nestlings in both treatments increased BKA across development, despite nestlings in mite‐treated nests exhibiting lower mass as nest leaving neared. Overall, we found evidence that mites can act as development stressors, but contrary to our prediction, mites decreased corticosterone concentrations.
Local and systemic immune responses to different types of phytohemagglutinin in the green anole: Lessons for field ecoimmunologists
Authors: Tylan Catherine , Langkilde Tracy 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe phytohemagglutinin (PHA) skin test is commonly used by ecologists to assess cell‐mediated immune function of wild animals. It can be performed quickly and easily in the field, involving injection of PHA and measurement of the resultant swelling. There are multiple formulations of PHA used in ecological studies, with potentially differing outcomes that could produce inconsistent results. We tested two common types of PHA in the green anole (Anolis carolinensis) to identify local and systemic immune responses underlying the resultant swelling at 6, 18, 24, and 48 hr post injection. There were differences in both local (injection site) and systemic (blood) leukocyte responses to PHA‐L versus PHA‐P. PHA‐P injection produced a greater overall increase in local heterophil count at the injection site compared with PHA‐L, and this response was greatest at 6 and 24 hr post injection. Systemically, heterophil percentage was higher in the blood of PHA‐P‐ versus PHA‐L‐injected anoles at 24 hr post injection; the time point at which heterophil percentage peaked in PHA‐P‐injected anoles. These results indicate that although both PHA types are effective tests of immune function in green anoles, the PHA‐P swelling response invokes a much stronger heterophilic response. PHA‐L is a more specific test of lymphocyte function, particularly at 24 hr post injection, making it preferable for ecoimmunology studies.
Evaluation of regional COSMO‐CLM climate simulations over the Eastern Mediterranean for the period 1979–2011
Authors: Hochman Assaf , Bucchignani Edoardo , Gershtein Giora , Krichak Simon O. , Alpert Pinhas , Levi Yoav , Yosef Yizhak , Carmona Yizhak , Breitgand Joseph , Mercogliano Paola , Zollo Alessandra L. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe Regional Climate Model (RCM) COSMO‐CLM capability to reproduce the climate characteristics, including extreme values, over the Eastern Mediterranean (EM) was tested. Model configuration has been chosen based on a previously performed sensitivity analysis, aimed to ascertain the accuracy of model performances over Israel. Three simulations driven by ERA Interim reanalysis data for 1979–2011 have been performed using the 0.44°, 0.22° and 0.0715° horizontal resolutions equivalent to about 50, 25 and 8 km, respectively. The CORDEX‐MENA domain has been employed for the simulation at resolutions 0.44° and 0.22°. Nested in the 0.22° domain the highest resolution of 0.0715° is performed over Israel. The model response was analysed for daily precipitation, 2 m average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and a subset of climate indicators defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices for temperature and precipitation. Results were inter‐compared and evaluated against observations. The increased resolution was found to improve precipitation and temperature results. Extreme precipitation indices were well reproduced compared with observations, with a 13% averaged percentage bias. COSMO‐CLM was able to reproduce the EM precipitation gradients, with mostly overestimations in the coastal plains and underestimations in the mountains. Extreme temperature indices related to maximum temperatures were reproduced relatively well with an averaged percentage bias of 5.7%. The ability of the model to reproduce minimum temperature observational values was found to be highly dependent on station location with respect to topography. The results in this study are considered a substantial improvement from earlier RCM evaluation studies.
Heat waves in Finland: present and projected summertime extreme temperatures and their associated circulation patterns
Authors: Kim Sol , Sinclair Victoria A. , Räisänen Jouni , Ruuhela Reija 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe number and intensity of individual hot days affecting Finland in the current and future climate is investigated together with the circulation patterns associated with the hot days. In addition, the number, length and intensity of heat waves lasting at least 3 days is also considered. ERA‐Interim reanalysis data and both direct model output and bias‐corrected data for historical and future climate [representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) scenario] simulations from 17 global climate models are analysed. Three intensities of heat waves and hot days are defined based on daily mean temperature thresholds of 20, 24 and 28 °C. The percentage of summertime days which exceed these temperature thresholds is shown to increase in the future. In ERA‐Interim, 24% of summertime days in southern Finland exceed the lowest temperature threshold while none exceed the highest temperature threshold. Under the RCP4.5 scenario these values increase to 47 and 1%, respectively. Larger relative changes occur in northern Finland. Heat waves are also longer in the RCP4.5 simulations than in the historical simulations. In southern Finland, the mean length of a heat wave where the 20 °C daily mean temperature is exceeded is 6.1 days in the historical simulations but increases to 9.4 days in the RCP4.5 simulations. The hot days in both northern and southern Finland are associated with a statistically significant positive pressure anomaly over Finland and to the east to Finland and a statistically significant negative pressure anomaly over Russia between 90 and 120°E. These pressure anomalies were evident for all intensities of hot days in the current climate and the future climate. The magnitude of the pressure anomalies increases as the daily mean temperature threshold increases. However, for hot days which exceed the same daily mean temperature threshold, the pressure anomalies are weaker in the RCP4.5 simulations than in the historical or ERA‐Interim data.