bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Process Catalyst Mass Efficiency by Using Proline Tetrazole Column‐Flow System
Authors: Nakashima Erika , Yamamoto Hisashi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractGenerally, organocatalysts are not decomposed during chemical transformation, which is different from traditional metal catalysts. To improve catalytic processes efficiency, various studies have been applied to flow synthesis for organocatalysis. Furthermore, many immobilized organocatalysts have been used for heterogeneous flow synthesis, which requires huge amounts of immobilized catalyst and requires several steps to prepare. We took advantage of organocatalysts with low‐polarity organic solvent and developed a flow system through a packed‐bed column with simply proline tetrazole (5‐(2‐pyrrolidinyl)‐1H‐tetrazole) for heterogeneous organocatalytic synthesis. Under ambient temperature, this heterogeneous organocatalyst continuous flow‐column system with ketones as a donor provides aldol, Mannich, and o‐nitroso aldol reactions in up to quantitative yields with excellent enantio‐ and chemoselectivity values. Our heterogeneous‐flow synthesis provides extremely low process catalyst mass efficiency and continuous production without changing the packed‐bed catalyst column.
Mono‐ and Dicoordinate Germanium(0) as a Four‐Electron Donor
Authors: Mandal Debdeep , Dhara Debabrata , Maiti Avijit , Klemmer Lukas , Huch Volker , Zimmer Michael , Rzepa Henry S. , Scheschkewitz David , Jana Anukul 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe report the synthesis and isolation of molecular iron germanide motifs in the stoichiometry of Fe3Ge and Fe2Ge, which are stabilized by the coordination of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and carbon monoxide (CO) ligands. NHC
⋅Ge[Fe(CO)4][Fe2(CO)8] (NHC
=1,3‐diisopropyl‐4,5‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene), a germanium(0) ligand with just one NHC as an auxiliary ligand, assumes a bridging coordination mode between a mononuclear [Fe(CO)4] and a dinuclear [(CO)4FeFe(CO)4] unit with rapid exchange between the two binding modes in solution. The electronic structure of this species is analysed by NBO and ELF calculations with DFT methods, as well as the mechanistic details of its fluxional coordination behaviour. Treatment of NHC
⋅Ge[Fe(CO)4] [Fe2(CO)8] with the sterically less demanding NHC
(NHC
=1,3,4,5‐tetramethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) leads to a dinuclear iron complex (NHC
)2Ge[Fe(CO)4]2 that contains a bridging germylone ligand with two stabilizing NHC equivalents.
Die Vielfalt des Siliciumdioxids
Authors: Friede Bernd , Gaillou Eloïse 
Published: January 2018

ZusammenfassungSiliciumdioxid (Silica) ist allgegenwärtig und weist eine erstaunliche Vielfalt kristalliner und amorpher Formen auf, die sowohl synthetischen als auch natürlichen Ursprungs sein können. Vertreter röntgenamorpher Silicaphasen sind die synthetisch reinen pyrogenen oder Fällungssilica, der als Schmuckstein bekannte Opal, die in riesigen Lagerstätten anfallenden Kieselalgenskelette und der als Nebenprodukt der Silicium‐ und Ferrosilicium gewonnene Kieselrauch (silica fume). Alle amorphen Silicatypen beeindrucken durch ihre eigene, faszinierende Entstehungsgeschichte und mit einer Vielzahl technischer Anwendungen.
Low‐cost biosorbent based on Moringa oleifera residues for herbicide atrazine removal in a fixed‐bed column
Authors: Homem Natália Cândido , Vieira Angélica Marquetotti Salcedo , Bergamasco Rosângela , Vieira Marcelo Fernandes 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA low‐cost biosorbent based on Moringa oleifera Lam (MO) seed husks was used in order to remove atrazine (ATZ) from aqueous solutions in a continuous system. The influence of some parameters, such as bed depth, flow rate, pH, and inlet concentration, on ATZ biosorption was investigated. The breakthrough and saturation time increased with the increase of bed depth. However, the opposite behaviour was observed for the flow rate. The sorption capacity, breakthrough, and saturation time were similar at all values of pH tested. Increasing the inlet concentration, the MO sorption capacity also increased, while the breakthrough and saturation time decreased. The Adams‐Bohart, Thomas, dose‐response, and Yoon‐Nelson models were applied to predict the breakthrough curves. All models showed good agreement with the experimental data, presenting good values of the correlation coefficient (R2). The results showed that MO seed husks can be effectively used as a biosorbent to remove the atrazine in aqueous solutions, achieving five cycles of biosorption‐desorption without loss of biosorption capacity, which demonstrates the potential of MO as a biosorbent for the removal of ATZ being a low‐cost and efficient alternative to the use of conventional materials.
Finite element models of flagella with sliding radial spokes and interdoublet links exhibit propagating waves under steady dynein loading
Authors: Hu Tianchen , Bayly Philip V. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIt remains unclear how flagella generate propulsive, oscillatory waveforms. While it is well known that dynein motors, in combination with passive cytoskeletal elements, drive the bending of the axoneme by applying shearing forces and bending moments to microtubule doublets, the origin of rhythmicity is still mysterious. Most conceptual models of flagellar oscillation involve dynein regulation or switching, so that dynein activity first on one side of the axoneme, then the other, drives bending. In contrast, a “viscoelastic flutter” mechanism has recently been proposed, based on a dynamic structural instability. Simple mathematical models of coupled elastic beams in viscous fluid, subjected to steady, axially distributed, dynein forces of sufficient magnitude, can exhibit oscillatory motion without any switching or dynamic regulation. Here we introduce more realistic finite element (FE) models of 6‐doublet and 9‐doublet flagella, with radial spokes and interdoublet links that slide along the central pair or corresponding doublet. These models demonstrate the viscoelastic flutter mechanism. Above a critical force threshold, these models exhibit an abrupt onset of propulsive, wavelike oscillations typical of flutter instability. Changes in the magnitude and spatial distribution of steady dynein force, or to viscous resistance, lead to behavior qualitatively consistent with experimental observations. This study demonstrates the ability of FE models to simulate nonlinear interactions between axonemal components during flagellar beating, and supports the plausibility of viscoelastic flutter as a mechanism of flagellar oscillation.
Physical confinement alters cytoskeletal contributions towards human mesenchymal stem cell migration
Authors: Doolin Mary T. , Stroka Kimberly M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe in vivo microenvironment is critical for providing physico‐chemical signaling cues which ultimately regulate human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) behavior in clinically‐relevant applications. hMSCs experience mechanical confinement of the cell body and nucleus in three dimensional (3D) tissues during homing and in porous tissue engineered scaffolds, yet the effects of this mechanical cue on hMSC migration are not known. Here, we use a microchannel device to systematically examine the effect of confinement on hMSC migration and cytoskeletal organization. Notably, we show that hMSC actin and microtubules change from filamentous in unconfined spaces to a more diffuse network in confinement, and that confinement abrogates the presence of paxillin‐rich focal adhesions seen in 2D. Furthermore, several morphological parameters of the hMSC body are altered in confinement. Interestingly, hMSC speed displays a biphasic trend as a function of confinement, and increasing hMSC passage number decreases speed in all but the narrowest microchannels. Confinement also alters the relative contributions of cytoskeletal (i.e., actin and microtubule) and contractile (i.e., myosin II and Rho kinase) machinery in hMSC migration in unconfined and confined spaces. These results provide an improved understanding of how hMSCs navigate mechanical confinement, which is a central component of complicated 3D microenvironments. Hence, this work may provide insight towards more effective control of hMSC localization in porous tissue engineered scaffolds and mobilization to distinct tissue sites during homing after clinical therapy.
Usefulness of the CLLflow score
Authors: Sorigue Marc , Franch‐Sarto Mireia , Sarrate Edurne , Junca Jordi 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundThe CLLflow score was recently suggested as an improvement over the Moreau score (MS) for the diagnosis and classification of B‐cell lymphoproliferative disorders (B‐LPD).MethodsWe determined the CLLflow score in peripheral blood or bone marrow of a series of cases with an inconclusive immunophenotype, including samples with a MS of 3 (n = 52) and CD5‐positive with a score of 2 (n = 38). As controls, B‐LPD with a MS of 0–1 (n = 95), CD5‐negative score 2 (n = 24), and score 4–5 (i.e., chronic lymphocytic leukemia [CLL], n = 166) were included.ResultsThe CLLflow score was positive (suggestive of CLL) in all CLL cases and negative in all MS <2, regardless of CD200‐positivity, which occurred in 31% (29/95) of cases. The CLLflow score was positive in 71%, 29%, and 8% of samples with a MS 3, CD5‐positive score 2, and CD5‐negative score 2, respectively.DiscussionOur results suggest that the CLLflow is useful in the differential diagnosis of cases with inconclusive immunophenotype. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society
ZIF‐67 Derived Porous Carbon from Calcination and Acid Etching Process as an Enzyme Immobilization Platform for Glucose Sensing
Authors: Shi Libo , Cai Xuan , Li Hong , He Haiyan , Zhao Hongli , Lan Minbo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this work, a metal‐organic frameworks‐based porous carbon was explored for glucose oxidase immobilization and glucose sensing. ZIF‐67 was chosen as the precursors for the calcination treatment. The formed Co nanoparticles induced the graphitization of the carbon during the carbonization, resulting in a good conductivity. The followed HCl treatment partly removed the formed Co nanoparticles to give a larger specific surface area of the porous carbon due to the generated space voids from the dissolved Co nanoparticles. The resulting MOFs‐derived porous carbon show an improved loading performance toward glucose oxidase, and fast electron transfer was also demonstrated. This work proves the MOFs‐derived porous carbon as a novel and outstanding platform for the enzymatic electrocatalysis for the sensors and energy conversion devices.
Detection and identification of Staphylococcus aureus using magnetic particle enhanced surface plasmon spectroscopy
Authors: Rüppel Nadine , Tröger Vicky , Sandetskaya Natalia , Kuhlmeier Dirk , Schmieder Stefan , Sonntag Frank 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this work, an approach for SPR spectroscopy using the liSPR system is examined that combines signal amplification by PCR and magnetic nanoparticles in one injection step. Therefore, the synthesis of PCR products was performed on the beads similar to a solid‐phase PCR, termed PCR‐on‐a‐bead. The functionality of this PCR was proven using an enzymatic assay. For validation the detection of oligonucleotides by SPR, an asymmetric PCR product was investigated. A signal increase upon binding of the PCR product to the specific probes was observed. In addition, surface regeneration of the chip was examined and reuse for at least two times ascertained. Amplification of the SPR signal by magnetic beads was verified but no signal was detected for PCR products immobilized on particles prior to injection.
Fire and collapse: Untangling the formation of destruction layers using archaeomagnetism
Authors: Shahack‐Gross Ruth , Shaar Ron , Hassul Erez , Ebert Yael , Forget Mathilde , Nowaczyk Norbert , Marco Shmuel , Finkelstein Israel , Agnon Amotz 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHistorical events are sometimes expressed in destruction layers. We present here a study in which aspects of construction, destruction, and chronostratigraphy of fired mud bricks were explored using archaeomagnetism, infrared spectroscopy, and micromorphology. We measured 88 oriented samples mostly collected from one stratum, datedca. 1000 B.C.E., representing a destroyed late Canaanite (late Iron Age I) city in Tel Megiddo, Israel. Firing temperatures, evaluated from infrared spectroscopy, micromorphology, and high‐temperature magnetic susceptibility cycles, range between 300°C and 800°C. Samples studied in one archaeomagnetic site yield a single stable magnetization vector in demagnetization experiments. Archaeomagnetic site means of three standing walls are grouped near the expected direction of the ancient geomagnetic field. We propose that walls in the destruction layer were constructed from sun‐dried mud bricks that later burned during the destruction. Collapsed bricks and tilted walls show variable directions, diagnostic for the relative timing of collapse and cooling of bricks, during and following the destruction event. In addition, we attempt to assign stratigraphic affiliation based on archaeomagnetic considerations to standing walls, which are spatially disconnected from the studied destruction layer. Altogether, this study demonstrates the usefulness of archaeomagnetism to understanding site formation processes related to fire and destruction.
Chronic disease management support in Australian workplaces—low base, rising need
Authors: Saunders Carla , Brown James J. , Carter David J. , Lapkin Sam 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIssue addressedThis study investigates the current nature, levels and perceived need for workplace support among mature age Australian workers with chronic illness.MethodsA cross‐sectional population survey was conducted via a double opt‐in panel sample of Australian workers aged 45 years and older with one or more of six major chronic diseases (diabetes and/or chronic heart, kidney, lung, mental health and/or musculoskeletal conditions).ResultsThree hundred and fourteen respondents reported being in the workforce and having at least one of the chronic conditions under investigation, of which almost one third reported having more than one of the conditions. The findings reveal a number of considerable gaps in Australian workplace support for employees 45 years and older with chronic illness, including workplace flexibility, supportive policies and co‐worker support.ConclusionsThis research adds to a scarce existing literature base on workplace support for workers with chronic illness in Australia. Future research is needed to identify opportunities for effective public policy and implementation of workplace interventions to better support this cohort.So what?If timely progress is not made in this area, the projected increase in the aged population and scheduled public policy changes impacting retirement age will multiply potential adverse effects on the health of employees with chronic illness and Australia's labour market productivity.
Inclusion Complexes of Hymexazol with Three Different Cucurbit[n]uril: Preparation, and Physicochemical and Antifungal Characterization
Authors: Fan Ying , Gao Rui‐Han , Xiao Xin , Tao Zhu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHost‐guest inclusion complexes of hymexazol with three different cucurbit[n]uril, cucurbit[7]uril (Q[7]), hemimethyl‐substituted cucurbit[6]uril (HHMeQ[6]), and twisted cucurbit[14]uril (tQ[14]) have been investigated by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). 1H NMR experimental results revealed that hymexazol resides within the respective cavities of the selected Q[n], and mass spectrometric experimental results revealed that it interacts with these three Q[n] through the formation of 1 : 1 inclusion complexes. ITC experimental results indicated moderate binding constants. In vitro assays showed that the complexation of hymexazol by the Q[n] increased its inhibitory effect on the mycelia growth of Botrytis cinerea Pers.
Effect of family planning interventions on couple years of protection in Malawi
Authors: Lemani Clara , Kamtuwanje Nenani , Phiri Billy , Speizer Ilene S. , Singh Kavita , Mtema Olive , Chisanu Ndidza , Tang Jennifer H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe primary objective was to assess the effect of family planning interventions at two health facilities in Malawi on couple years of protection (CYP).MethodsA prospective quasi‐experimental design was used to compare CYP and uptake of long‐acting reversible contraception (LARC) between two intervention facilities (Area 25 Health Center and Kasungu District Hospital) and two nonintervention facilities (Mkanda Health Center and Dowa District Hospital). The interventions included community mobilization and demand generation for family planning, and training and mentoring of providers in LARC insertion. Monthly data were collected from 1 year prior to intervention implementation until 2 years thereafter.ResultsFrom the pre‐intervention year to the second post‐intervention year, CYP increased by 175.1% at Area 25, whereas it decreased by 33.8% at Mkanda. At Kasungu and Dowa, CYP increased by 90.7% and 64.4%, respectively. Uptake of LARC increased by 12.2% at Area 25 r, 6.2% at Kasungu, and 2.9% at Dowa, but decreased by 3.8% at Mkanda.ConclusionsThe interventions led to an increase in CYP and LARC uptake. Future family planning programs should sensitize communities about family planning and train providers to provide all contraceptives so that women can make informed decisions and use the contraceptive of their choice.
Simulation of Nitrate‐N Leaching in No‐Till Fields with DRAINMOD‐N II in a Cold‐Humid Region
Authors: Hashemi Garmdareh Seyyed Ebrahim , Malekian Raheleh , Madani Ali , Gordon Robert 
Published: January 2018

AbstractConservation agriculture, especially no‐tillage, has proven to become sustainable farming in many agricultural environments globally. In spite of advantages of no‐till systems, this practice may result in excess infiltration into the soil and can enhance the movement of mobile nutrients and some pesticides to subsurface drains and groundwater along preferential pathways. The goal of this study was to evaluate the capacity of DRAINMOD‐N II to simulate subsurface nitrate‐N leaching in no‐till fields in Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada, from 2003 to 2006. The model performance was first evaluated by comparing observed and simulated drain outflow data that is an essential prerequisite for the model to obtain a proper prediction of NO3‐N movement, and then by comparing observed and simulated NO3‐N concentration in no‐till fields using three statistical indices, relative root mean square error (RRMSE), average absolute deviation (AAD) and the correlation coefficient (R2). The RRMSE, AAD and R2 for the validation period were determined to be 1.09, 1.85 and 0.83 mm for drain outflow, and 1.43, 0.51 and 0.79 mg l−1 for NO3‐N concentration respectively. The results showed that DRAINMOD‐N II predicted NO3‐N leaching reasonably well in drainage outflow of no‐till fields over the whole period. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heme oxygenase‐1 affects generation and spontaneous cardiac differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Stepniewski Jacek , Pacholczak Tomasz , Skrzypczyk Aniela , Ciesla Maciej , Szade Agata , Szade Krzysztof , Bidanel Romain , Langrzyk Agnieszka , Grochowski Radoslaw , Vandermeeren Felix , Kachamakova‐Trojanowska Neli , Jez Mateusz , Drabik Grazyna , Nakanishi Mahito , Jozkowicz Alicja , Dulak Jozef 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCellular stress can influence efficiency of iPSCs generation and their differentiation. However, the role of intracellular cytoprotective factors in these processes is still not well known. Therefore, we investigated the effect of HO‐1 (Hmox1) or Nrf2 (Nfe2l2), two major cytoprotective genes. Hmox1–/– fibroblasts demonstrated decreased reprogramming efficiency in comparison to Hmox1+/+ cells. Reversely, pharmacological enhancement of HO‐1 resulted in higher number of iPSCs colonies. Importantly, elevated level of both p53 and p53‐regulated miR‐34a and 14‐3‐3σ was observed in HO‐1‐deficient fibroblasts whereas downregulation of p53 in these cells markedly increased their reprogramming efficiency. In human fibroblasts HO‐1 silencing also induced p53 expression and affected reprogramming outcome. Hmox1+/+ and Hmox1–/– iPSCs similarly differentiated in vitro to cells originating from three germ layers, however, lower number of contracting cells was observed during this process in HO‐1‐deficient cells indicating attenuated cardiac differentiation. Importantly, silencing of Hmox1 in murine ESC using CRISPR/Cas‐9 editing also impaired their spontaneous cardiac differentiation. Decreased reprogramming efficiency was also observed in Nrf2‐lacking fibroblasts. Reversely, sulforaphane, a Nrf2 activator, increased the number of iPSCs colonies. However, both Nfe2l2+/+ and Nfe2l2–/– iPSCs showed similar pluripotency and differentiation capacity. These results indicate that regulation of HO‐1 expression can further optimize generation and cardiac differentiation of iPSCs. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(2):129–142, 2018
A 3D bioprinted in situ conjugated‐co‐fabricated scaffold for potential bone tissue engineering applications
Authors: Sithole Mduduzi N. , Kumar Pradeep , du Toit Lisa C. , Marimuthu Thashree , Choonara Yahya E. , Pillay Viness 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere is a demand for progressive approaches in bone tissue engineering to repair and regenerate bone defects resulting from trauma or disease. This investigation sought to engineer a single‐step in situ conjugated polymeric scaffold employing 3D printing technology as an innovative fabricating tool. A polymeric scaffold was engineered in situ employing sodium alginate as a bio‐ink which interacted with a poly(ethyleneimine) solution on bioprinting to form a polyelectrolyte complex through ionic bond formation. Silica gel was included in the bio‐ink as temporal inorganic support component and for ultimate enhancement of osteoinduction. Characterization of the biorelevant properties of the scaffold was undertaken via Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermogravimentric Analysis, X‐Ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and biomechanical testing. The scaffold maintained its 3D architecture for the duration of the 28‐day degradation investigation, while potentially permitting the infiltration of nutrients, growth factor, and cells evident by the increased solvent penetration into the scaffold observed via Magnetic Resonance Imaging studies. The scaffold porosity and pore size were found to be 60% and 360 µm, respectively. Biomechanical evaluation revealed a Young's modulus of 18.37 MPa highlighting that the scaffold in its current form possesses the mechanical capabilities for certain bone tissue engineering applications. This investigation provided highlighted the applicability of alginate‐poly(ethyeneimine)/silica for 3D bioprinting as a scaffold which could possess potential as a bone tissue engineering scaffold. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1311–1321, 2018.