bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian modelling of the atmosphere: a Met Office perspective
Authors: Benacchio Tommaso , Wood Nigel 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The semi-Lagrangian numerical method, in conjunction with semi-implicit time integration, provides numerical weather prediction models with numerical stability for large time steps, accurate modes of interest, and good representation of hydrostatic and geostrophic balance. Drawing on the legacy of dynamical cores at the Met Office, the use of the semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian method in an operational numerical weather prediction context is surveyed, together with details of the solution approach and associated issues and challenges. The numerical properties and performance of the current operational version of the Met Office’s numerical model are then investigated in a simplified setting along with the impact of different modelling choices.
Changes in vegetation of the Mszar Bogdaniec nature reserve
Authors: Dyderski Marcin K. , Jagodziński Andrzej M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Changes of vegetation in forests and wetlands require continuous monitoring and evaluation. Due to the lack of in-depth knowledge, it is still very challenging to predict and record vegetation changes. This study attempts to evaluate changes in forest and transitional bog vegetation over 14 years in the Mszar Bogdaniec nature reserve (West Poland; 21.98 ha). We described the current vegetation using 50 phytosociological relevés conducted in 2012 and 2013. Moreover, we calculated and compared ecological indices describing ecological traits of the vegetation in two different times. We also used Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) to assess changes in floral composition. Most of the studied vegetation traits did not change significantly during the last 14 years. Statistically significant changes occured in the proportion of mosses and cover of the herb layer, both of which increased, as well as species richness in forest plant communities, and the cover of species from Scheuchzerio-Caricetea class in peat bog plant communities, both of which decreased. The current state of the vegetation is a result of former human activity such as drainage and planting monoculture tree stands. The observed changes during the last 14 years were fluctuations rather than direct changes. Encroachment of the woody species into transitional bog is a fluctuation, which may be secondary succession in the long-term.
The influence of climatic conditions on the tree-ring width of wild service trees (Sorbus torminalis L.) in Wielkopolska
Authors: Cedro Anna 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The wild service tree (Sorbus torminalis L.) is a very rare tree species in Poland, where it reaches the north-eastern border of its natural range. The majority of this species’ stands is found in Wielkopolska. This study was aimed at examining the relationships between the growth and climate for trees of the species Sorbus torminalis L. growing in the Wielkopolska National Park and the Pniewy forest district (Wielkopolska). The samples for the analysis were taken from 63 trees. However, taking into account the missing growth rings and the difficult identification of the tree ring borders in sapwood, only ca. 30% of the samples could be synchronised and dated accurately. Applying the classic methods of dendrochronological dating, a 94- year STW chronology was constructed, spanning the years of 1920-2013. The chronology, in turn, was used as a basis for dendroclimatological analyses, including correlation, response function, and pointer years. The climatic data used in the analyses came from the meteorological station in Poznań; providing air temperature and precipitation for a period of 66 years (1948-2013) and 48 years of insolation data (1966-2013). Insolation had the highest negative impact and precipitation had the highest positive impact on the annual growth in May and June. Positive pointer years could be linked to humid months with low insolation during the growing season, while negative pointer years are characterised by deficient precipitation, a large number of sunny hours, and high air temperatures in the summer months.
Power-velocity characteristics and jumping abilities in male combat athletes
Authors: Buśko Krzysztof 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe aim of the study was to examine differences in power-velocity characteristics, and the maximal power and height
of rise of the body’s centre of mass, measured in the counter-movement jump (CMJ) and the spike jump (SPJ), between judoists,
boxers and taekwondo athletesMethodsThe study involved 7 judoists, 6 boxers, and 6 taekwondo athletes. The maximal
power and height of jump were measured at CMJ and SPJ jumps. Force-velocity and power-velocity relations were determined
on the basis of 5 maximal cycle ergometer exercise bouts at increasing external loads of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5% of body
weight (BW)ResultsThe absolute and relative power and velocity recorded for an external force-velocity relationship were
similar in the groups. A significant difference was only observed between taekwondo athletes and judoists for absolute power
at the external load of 2.5% BW (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The judoists had significantly smaller relative maximal power in SPJ (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and
height of rise of the body mass centre in CMJ (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than taekwondo athletes. The relative maximal power in CMJ and
height of rise of the body mass centre in SPJ was similar in the groups.ConclusionsIn martial arts, training and competition
should affect physical characteristics, including jumping and power. The power and velocity recorded for an external forcevelocity
relationship were similar in the groups. Judoists and boxers did not differ in terms of power or height of the jumps.
Taekwondo athletes developed the biggest power and height of the jumps. This is consistent with the discipline characteristics.
Biomechanical analysis of ankle during the stance phase of gait on various surfaces: a literature review
Authors: Psarras Athanasios , Mertyri Dimitra , Tsaklis Panagiotis 
Published: October 2016

The purpose of this article is to review the literature that deals with the biomechanical analysis of the ankle during gait stance phase on slopes, on uneven and rock surfaces, on sand, and on grass surfaces, as well as to present the observed differences.MethodsThe literature was searched in the databases of PubMed and Google Scholar, for the years of 2005–2015. The keywords were: biomechanics, gait analysis, ankle joint, stance phase, uphill walking, downhill walking, sand surface, uneven surface, grass surface, and ballast.ResultsThe kinetic and kinematic gait behaviour is directly influenced by the surface on which it is being performed. The uphill or downhill surfaces, the surfaces of stone, sand, grass, and uneven surfaces have a direct impact on the biomechanics on joints of the lower limb, changing the energy cost, muscle activation, the resulting mechanical work, ground reaction forces and balance, and the parameters of the gait cycle. All these changes are raising many questions about the safety and comfort of these surfaces. In the structures of the foot, ankle and lower leg high compressive and rotational forces are transmitted resulting in injuries in these regions.ConclusionsEach surface has its own advantages and disadvantages, changing the biomechanics of the lower extremity and particularly the ankle. According to the purpose that one wants to achieve they can choose a suitable surface. To prevent injuries and falls, we must choose shoes that fit well, are comfortable with cushioning, and have a feeling neither too hard nor too soft, with laces and low collar.
Why the intellectually disabled in the Evans case continue to hold the DC government neglectful after 40 years: a history of differing views about disability rights
Authors: Terrar Toby 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article is about Washington, DC’s intellectually disabled and the history of their struggle for habilitation rights, which for them includes gainful employment and having a family. Against them has been a conservative local and national government and the US District Court in its rulings over the past 40 years in the
Language maintenance and shift under pressure: Three generations of the Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands
Authors: Sevinç Yeşim 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDrawing on questionnaire and interview data, this study explores the process of language maintenance and shift across three generations of Turkish immigrants in the Netherlands. It compares three generations of Turkish-Dutch bilinguals by examining age and place of language learning, self-rated language proficiency, and language choices in six domains (home, school, work, friends, media and leisure time activities, and cognitive activities). Furthermore, it investigates bilinguals’ experiences, motivations for learning languages and attitudes towards bilingualism. Findings suggest that following the typical pattern of language shift described by Mario Saltarelli and Susan Gonzo in 1977, language history, self-rated language proficiency and current language practices of third-generation children differ from those of first- and second-generation bilinguals. Consequently, possible language shift among third-generation bilinguals causes socioemotional pressure about maintaining the Turkish language, triggering intergenerational tensions in Turkish immigrant families. At the same time, the perceived need to shift to Dutch for social and economic reasons causes immigrant children to experience tensions and ambiguities in the linguistic connections between the family and other social domains (e. g. school, friendship). The findings evidence that the Turkish immigrant community in the Netherlands may no longer be as linguistically homogeneous as once observed. The dissolution of homogeneity can be a sign of social change in which maintaining the Turkish language has become a challenge, whereas speaking Dutch is a necessity of life in the Netherlands.
The idea of a Kosovan language in Yugoslavia’s language politics
Authors: Kamusella Tomasz 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNot only are nations invented (imagined) into and out of existence, but languages and states are as well. Decisions on how to construct, change or obliterate a language are essentially arbitrary, and as such dictated by political considerations. The entailed language of politics (often accompanied by the closely related politics of script) is of more immediate significance in Central Europe than elsewhere in the world, because in this region language is the sole and fundamental basis for creating, legitimating and maintaining nations and their nation-states. Since 1918, the creation and destruction of ethnolinguistic nation-states in Central Europe has been followed (or even preceded) by the creation and destruction of languages so that a unique language could be fitted to each nation and its national polity. This article focuses on the politics of the Albanian language in Yugoslavia’s Autonomous Province of Kosovo and in independent Kosovo with an eye to answering two questions at the level of language politics. First, what was the kind of Albanian standard employed in Kosovo before the 1968/1970/1974 acceptance of Albania’s Tosk-based standard Albanian in Yugoslavia? Second, why is Kosovo the sole post-Yugoslav nation-state that has not (yet?) been endowed with its own unique (Kosovan) language?
Digital Preservation Practices in University Libraries: A Survey of Institutional Repositories in Nigeria
Authors: Kari Kingdom H. , Baro Ebikabowei E. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The purpose of the study is to investigate the digital preservation practices in institutional repositories (IRs) in Nigeria. Data from the IRs developed in university libraries in Nigeria was collected in three phases: initial phone calls, website investigation, and questionnaire. After the phone calls to librarians and website investigation of libraries of the 141 approved universities in Nigeria, the researchers found only 15 university libraries to have developed institutional repositories in Nigeria. Out of these numbers, 12 respondents, representing their university libraries were reached to respond to the questionnaire. Results from the study showed that the majority of IRs in Nigeria used DSpace software to manage their digital contents and that half of the IRs engage in information migration. The study also revealed that the majority of the responding institutions provide long-term digital preservation. Regrettably, most of the IRs do not have a digital preservation policy to guide the implementation of digital preservation for IR contents. Finally, the majority of the respondents indicated that they do not have long-term funding and lack the necessary technical staff with required skills to handle and manage the IR. The findings will inform information professionals, particularly librarians in developing countries who are planning to create institutional repositories and to provide long-term digital preservation of electronic resources in their institutions.
Sensation Seeking as one of the Motivating Factors for Performing Skydiving
Authors: Bołdak Agnieszka , Guszkowska Monika 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Introduction. For some time, the issue of participating in high-risk sports, including skydiving, has been linked to the trait of sensation seeking, but skydivers do not constitute a homogeneous group in terms of this factor. The aim of the study was to determine the role of the need for sensation in performing skydiving and to examine whether the importance of this factor differs depending on gender. Material and methods. The study included a total of 143 skydivers (98 men and 45 women) aged from 17 to 49 years with different levels of expertise in skydiving. In total, 73 respondents were categorised as novices, and 70 were considered experts. Novice skydivers were defined as having completed no more than 10 jumps in their lives. Expert skydivers were persons who had made at least 100 jumps in their lives and had a licence to perform skydiving independently, without instructor supervision. The need for stimulation was measured using the Sensation Seeking Scale IV by Zuckerman, in its Polish version by Oleszkiewicz-Zsurzs. Results. Since a high proportion of individuals with a strong need for sensation was found among both men and women, it can be concluded that it is an important factor in primary selection in skydiving (when the sport is undertaken), regardless of gender. Conclusions. The significance of sensation seeking as a factor in secondary selection in skydiving (when the sport is being performed) differs depending on the particular dimension of sensation seeking and gender. Susceptibility to boredom is probably a significant factor in secondary selection in women.
Functional vascular anatomy of the peritoneum in health and disease
Authors: Solass Wiebke , Horvath Philipp , Struller Florian , Königsrainer Ingmar , Beckert Stefan , Königsrainer Alfred , Weinreich Frank-Jürgen , Schenk Martin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe peritoneum consists of a layer of mesothelial cells on a connective tissue base which is perfused with circulatory and lymphatic vessels. Total effective blood flow to the human peritoneum is estimated between 60 and 100 mL/min, representing 1–2 % of the cardiac outflow. The parietal peritoneum accounts for about 30 % of the peritoneal surface (anterior abdominal wall 4 %) and is vascularized from the circumflex, iliac, lumbar, intercostal, and epigastric arteries, giving rise to a quadrangular network of large, parallel blood vessels and their perpendicular offshoots. Parietal vessels drain into the inferior vena cava. The visceral peritoneum accounts for 70 % of the peritoneal surface and derives its blood supply from the three major arteries that supply the splanchnic organs, celiac and superior and inferior mesenteric. These vessels give rise to smaller arteries that anastomose extensively. The visceral peritoneum drains into the portal vein. Drugs absorbed are subject to first-pass hepatic metabolism. Peritoneal inflammation and cancer invasion induce neoangiogenesis, leading to the development of an important microvascular network. Anatomy of neovessels is abnormal and characterized by large size, varying diameter, convolution and blood extravasation. Neovessels have a defective ultrastructure: formation of large “mother vessels” requires degradation of venular and capillary basement membranes. Mother vessels give birth to numerous “daughter vessels”. Diffuse neoangiogenesis can be observed before appearance of macroscopic peritoneal metastasis. Multiplication of the peritoneal capillary surface by neoangiogenesis surface increases the part of cardiac outflow directed to the peritoneum.
Maximal Sprinting Speed of Elite Soccer Players During Training and Matches
Authors: Djaoui Leo , Chamari Karim , Owen Adam L. , Dellal Alexandre 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Djaoui, L, Chamari, K, Owen, A, and Dellal, A. Maximal sprinting speed of elite soccer players during training and matches. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1509–1517, 2017—The aim of the present study was to compare (a) the maximal sprinting speed (MSS) attained by soccer players during matches (MSSmatch) according to their level of play (professional first French division vs. elite amateur fourth French division) and the playing positions and (b) the MSS attained by professional soccer players during 14 different types of small-sided games (SSG, MSSSSG) and match-play. All players monitored through the study performed a 40-m sprint test to assess individual MSS (MSStest) and compare it to the training and match activity, with the calculation of the percentage of MSStest (%MSStest) reached. No differences were found according to the level of play; however, positional wide players achieved a higher MSSmatch, %MSStest, and MSSSSG than central players (both defenders and midfielders) during matches and SSG. MSSmatch were higher than all MSSSSG, and MSSSSG were positively correlated with the area of the pitch (0.45, p < 0.001), its length (0.53, p < 0.001), and the number of players involved (0.38, p < 0.001). The closer SSG was to match situation in terms of rules, the higher the MSSSSG. Wide players reached higher MSS in match and SSG than central players, confirming the relevance of using SSG close to match situation to specifically prepare elite players to the maximal running speed demand of the match.
MODEL PENGENDALIAN OUTPUT PENANGKAPAN UNTUK PENYESUAIAN TERHADAP KUOTA NASIONAL TUNA SIRIP BIRU SELATAN
Authors: Purwanto Purwanto , Sadiyah Lilis , Satria Fayakun 
Published: October 2016

<p>Pengelolaan perikanan tuna sirip biru selatan (SBT) dilakukan oleh Komisi Konservasi Tuna Sirip Biru Selatan (CCSBT) dengan pengendalian output melalui penetapan jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan (JTB). Untuk tahun 2015 – 2017, Indonesia menerima alokasi JTB sebesar 750 ton SBT per tahun. Dalam pemanfaatan kuota tersebut, bila total hasil tangkapan SBT dalam satu tahun lebih rendah dari kuota, maka sisa kuota hanya dapat dimanfaatkan tahun berikutnya dan tidak boleh melebihi 20% dari sisa kuota. Sebaliknya, bila total hasil tangkapan SBT dalam satu tahun melebihi kuota, CCSBT dapat mengenakan tindakan korektif, berupa antara lain pengembalian kelebihan tangkapan dan pengurangan kuota nasional pada tahun berikutnya. Capaian pemanfaatan kuota nasional SBT ditentukan oleh hasil tangkapan masing-masing kapal. Mengingat hasil tangkapan masing-masing kapal terkadang tidak sesuai dengan kuotanya walaupun hasil tangkapan nasional sesuai dengan kuota nasional, Indonesia perlu melakukan pengendalian output masing-masing kapal. Untuk mendukung upaya pengendalian tersebut perlu disusun kaidah pengendaliannya. Kaidah tersebut disajikan dalam tulisan ini.</p><p> </p><p>Management of southern bluefin tuna fishery (SBT) is conducted by the Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT) using output control through the total allowable catch (TAC). Indonesia will receive an allocation of 750 tonnes of SBT per year, for the years 2015 - 2017. In the utilization of the quota, if the total catch of SBT in one year is lower than the quota, then the remaining quota can only be used next year and must not exceed 20% of the remaining quota. Conversely, if the total catch of SBT in a year exceeds the quota, CCSBT may impose corrective action, such as, among others, the return of excess catch and national quota reduction in the following year. The achievement of national quota utilization of SBT is determined by the catch of each vessel. In view of the catch of each vessel may not comply each vessel’s quota although the national catches do not exceed the national quota, Indonesia needs to implement an output control of each vessel. To support this management measure, control rules need to be developed. The rules are presented in this paper.</p>
MANAJEMEN PEMELIHARAAN INDUK ABALON (Haliotis asinina) HASIL TANGKAPAN DARI ALAM
Authors: Andriyanto Septyan , Listyanto Nurbakti 
Published: October 2016

Abalon merupakan satu jenis kekerangan yang mempunyai nilai gizi yang cukup tinggi serta kelezatan rasanya. Usaha budidaya abalon memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi, namun untuk produksinya sebagian masih mengandalkan hasil tangkapan dari alam. Dalam rangka menghasilkan induk dengan tingkat produksi yang tinggi diperlukan pengetahuan terkait manajemen pemeliharaan induk terutama yang berasal dari alam. Manajemen pemeliharaan induk yang sesuai prosedur meliputi pengumpulan induk, seleksi induk, penanganan induk, pengelolaan pakan dan penyakit, serta pengelolaan air media pemeliharaan. Apabila seluruh aspek tersebut dijalankan sesuai standar dan prosedur yang ditetapkan, diharapkan akan diperoleh induk dengan tingkat produksi yang tinggi serta benih yang berkualitas, sehingga produksi tidak selalu mengandalkan dari alam.
POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN CACING LAUT (POLYCHAETA) SEBAGAI SUMBER PAKAN INDUK UDANG WINDU DI KABUPATEN BARRU, SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Haryadi Joni , Rasidi Rasidi 
Published: October 2016

Permintaan terhadap cacing laut sebagai sumber pakan induk terus meningkat. Sementara ketersediaan cacing di habitatnya sudah mulai menurun. Hal ini disebabkan telah rusaknya ekosistem pantai terutama mangrove akibat dikonversi lahan mangrove menjadi lahan budidaya tambak. Untuk itu, kajian potensi terhadap potensi cacing laut di perairan pantai. Kabupaten Barru menjadi hal menarik karena diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran terhadap kondisi terkini dari populasi dan habitat serta jumlah kebutuhan hatceri terhadap cacing sebagai sumber pakan broodstock udang. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode survai dengan teknik purposive sampling method dan intervews dengan responden yang terdiri atas pemilik hatcheri, penjual cacing, dan penangkap cacing laut. Survai dilakukan pada tanggal 11-12 April 2012 di Desa Mallawa dan Ujung Labua Kecamatan Mallusetasi Kabupaten Barru. Hasil survai menunjukkan bahwa umumnya hatcheri di Kabupaten Barru menggunakan cacing laut sebagai pakan induk udang. Jumlah populasi cacing sedikit menurun, terutama di kawasan habitat yang berpasir dibandingkan dengan habitat cacing yamg berada di bawah tegakan mangrove.