bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Emergency Department Mattress Compressibility on Chest Compression Depth Using a Standardized Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Board, a Slider Transfer Board, and a Flat Spine Board
Authors: Cheng Adam , Belanger Claudia , Wan Brandi , Davidson Jennifer , Lin Yiqun 
Published: July 2017

Introduction
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) performed on a mattress decreases effective chest compression depth. Using a CPR board partially attenuates mattress compressibility. We aimed to determine the effect of a CPR board, a slider transfer board, a CPR board with a slider transfer board, and a flat spine board on chest compression depth with a mannequin placed on an emergency department mattress.

Methods
The study used a cross-over study design. The CPR-certified healthcare providers performed 2 minutes of compressions on a mannequin in five conditions, an emergency department mattress with: (a) no hard surface, (b) a CPR board, (c) a slider transfer board, (d) a CPR board and slider transfer board, and (e) a flat spine board. Compression depths were measured from two sources for each condition: (a) an internal device measuring sternum-to-spine compression and (b) an external device measuring sternum-to-spine compression plus mattress compression. The difference of the two measures (ie, depleted compression depth) was summarized and compared between conditions.

Results
A total of 10,203 individual compressions from 10 participants were analyzed. The mean depleted compression depths (percentage depletion) secondary to mattress effect were the following: 23.6 mm (29.7%) on a mattress only, 13.7 mm (19.5%) on a CPR board, 16.9 mm (23.1%) on a slider transfer board, 11.9 mm (17.3%) on a slider transfer board plus backboard, and 10.3 mm (15.4%) on a flat spine board. The differences in percentage depletion across conditions were statistically significant.

Conclusion
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation providers should use a CPR board and slider transfer board or a flat spine board alone because these conditions are associated with the smallest amount of mattress compressibility.
Multi-institutional Validation Study of Pancreatic Cyst Fluid Protein Analysis for Prediction of High-risk Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms of the Pancreas
Authors: Al Efishat Mohammad A. , Attiyeh Marc A. , Eaton Anne A. , Gönen Mithat , Prosser Denise , Lokshin Anna E. , Castillo Carlos Fernández-del , Lillemoe Keith D. , Ferrone Cristina R. , Pergolini Ilaria , Mino-Kenudson Mari , Rezaee Neda , Dal Molin Marco , Weiss Matthew J. , Cameron John L. , Hruban Ralph H. , D’Angelica Michael I. , Kingham T. Peter , DeMatteo Ronald P. , Jarnagin William R. , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Allen Peter J. 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
Preliminary work by our group suggested that proteins within the pancreatic cyst fluid (CF) may discriminate degree of IPMN dysplasia. We sought to externally validate these markers and determine whether their inclusion in a preoperative clinical nomogram could increase diagnostic accuracy.

Summary Background Data:
IPMN is the most common radiographically identifiable precursor to pancreatic cancer; however, the timing and frequency of its malignant progression are unknown, and there are currently no reliable preoperative tests that can determine the grade of dysplasia in IPMN.

Methods:
Clinical and radiographic data, as well as CF samples, were obtained from 149 patients who underwent resection for IPMN at 1 of 3 institutions. High-risk disease was defined as the presence of high-grade dysplasia or invasive carcinoma. Multianalyte bead array analysis (Luminex) of CF was performed for 4 protein markers that were previously associated with high-risk disease. Logistic regression models were fit on training data, with and without adjustment for a previously developed clinical nomogram and validated with an external testing set. The models incorporating clinical risk score were presented graphically as nomograms.

Results:
Within the group of 149 resected patients, 89 (60%) had low-risk disease, and 60 (40%) had high-risk disease. All 4 CF markers (MMP9, CA72–4, sFASL, and IL-4) were overexpressed in patients with high-risk IPMN (P < 0.05). Two predictive models based on preselected combinations of CF markers had concordance indices of 0.76 (Model-1) and 0.80 (Model-2). Integration of each CF marker model into a previously described clinical nomogram leads to increased discrimination compared with either the CF models or nomogram alone (c-indices of 0.84 and 0.83, respectively).

Conclusions:
This multi-institutional study validated 2 CF protein marker models for preoperative identification of high-risk IPMN. When combined with a clinical nomogram, the ability to predict high-grade dysplasia was even stronger.
Procedure Choice in Primary Versus Recurrent Prolapse: A Study of Fellowship-Trained Surgeons
Authors: High Rachel , Kavanagh Alex , Khavari Rose , Stewart Julie , Antosh Danielle D. 
Published: July 2017

Objective
This retrospective study describes procedures of choice in management of patients with primary prolapse compared with recurrence prolapse patients by fellowship-trained surgeons.

Methods
Surgically managed primary and recurrent prolapse cases from 2012 to 2015 at Houston Methodist Hospital were reviewed. Baseline characteristics, compartment defects, and stage were compared. Mean interval from the index surgeries to management of prolapse recurrence was recorded. In recurrence cases, mesh complaints were noted if present. Primary outcome was the procedure type used to manage cases of recurrence and primary prolapse. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratio (OR) for the procedure of choice in recurrence and primary repairs of prolapse.

Results
Of 386 cases reviewed, 379 met criteria for inclusion; 25.8% of repairs were for recurrence. Recurrence patients were significantly older than primary cases (mean, 63.6 vs 60.5; P = 0.03) and had been postmenopausal for longer (P = 0.004). Median time interval to surgical management of recurrence was 8 years. Thirty percent of recurrence patients treated previously by mesh had mesh complaints. There was no difference in the distribution of defects or stage. Sacrocolpopexy was more frequently used to manage recurrent prolapse (OR, 2.6334; P < 0.0005). Vaginal mesh repairs showed no difference in utilization. Uterosacral ligament fixation (OR, 0.347; P = 0.002) was used more often in primary prolapse. Anterior colporrhaphy (OR, 0.398; P = 0.0005) and uterosacral ligament fixation (OR, 0.347; P = 0.002) were performed less in recurrence cases.

Conclusion
Fellowship-trained urogynecologists at this institution utilize sacrocolpopexy mesh more frequently in recurrent prolapse, and uterosacral ligament fixation was used more frequently in primary prolapse cases.
An examination of traffic-related traumatic injuries among children at a Level-1 pediatric trauma center, 2005–2014
Authors: Ma Ping , Hussain Nazia , Abbe Marisa 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND
Traffic-related injuries are the leading fatal injury among children in the United States, but no published study compares the different types of traffic-related pediatric injuries to date. Thus, this study was aimed at examining the10-year trend of traffic-related injury among children at a pediatric hospital and to assess if there were differences in injury mechanism.

METHODS
All data were drawn from a Level-1 pediatric trauma center in North Texas in 2005–2014. Demographic characteristics, length of hospitalization, and patient type were included. Severity of injury outcome was assessed by injury severity score and fatality. The traffic-related injury mechanism included motor vehicle collision (MVC), motor-pedestrian collision (MPC), and motorcycle/moped collision (MMC). Description analyses and multinominal logistic regressions were applied to examine the factors associated with the type of motor-related injuries adjusting for covariates. All analyses were conducted by STATA version 14.0.

RESULTS
A total of 3,742 traffic-related pediatric injuries were identified. The mean (SD) age was 6.4 (4.0) years; most patients were boys (59%) and Hispanic (40%). There was a waving trend of the number of traffic-related injuries over the 10-year period. Compared with MVC, demographic disparities exist with children experiencing an MPC injury. Hispanic and African American children were more likely to have an MPC but less likely to have a motorcycle/moped collision injury (relative risk [RR], 1.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–1.9; RR, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.9–2.4, respectively). Children with an MPC injury had a more severe outcome than those with an MVC injury, but no difference was found in fatality. The MCC injuries did not significantly differ from MVC in injury severity.

CONCLUSIONS
Although efforts have been made to prevent MVC-related pediatric injuries, the trend of MVCs was stable in the most recent years. The MPC-related injury continues to be a higher likelihood of severe pediatric trauma. Thus, continuing efforts and innovative intervention programs are still needed to prevent traffic-related pediatric injuries.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Epidemiologic study, level III.
Injuries sustained during contact with law enforcement: An analysis from US trauma centers
Authors: Schellenberg Morgan , Inaba Kenji , Cho Jayun , Tatum James M. , Barmparas Galinos , Strumwasser Aaron , Grabo Daniel , Bir Cynthia , Eastman Alexander , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND
Injuries sustained by civilians from interaction with police are a polarizing contemporary sociopolitical issue. Few comprehensive studies have been published using national hospital-based data. The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiology of these injuries to better understand this mechanism of injury.

METHODS
Patients entered into the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) (January 2007 to December 2012) with E-codes E970.0 to E976.0 (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification), identifying injuries associated with law enforcement in the course of legal action, were enrolled. Patients' demographics, injury characteristics, procedures, and outcomes were collected and analyzed. Patients injured by other civilians (E960.0–E968.0) were used for comparison.

RESULTS
Of 4,146,428 patients in the NTDB, 7,203 (0.17%) were injured during interaction with police. The numbers of patients in consecutive study years were 858, 1,103, 1,148, 1,274, 1,316, and 1,504. The incidence of these injuries was stable over time (0.17–0.18%) (p = 0.129). Patients had a median age of 31 years (range, 0–108), and 94.3% were male. Median injury severity score was 9 (interquartile range [IQR], 4–17). The most common mechanism of injury was gunshot wound (44%).
Patients were white, 43%; black, 30%; Hispanic, 17%; Asian, 1%; and Other, 9%. As a proportion of the total race-specific NTDB trauma population, there was an average of 1.13 white patients, 2.71 Hispanic patients, and 3.83 black patients per 1,000. Mechanism, injury severity score, and outcomes did not vary by race. Compared to patients injured by civilians, patients injured by police are more likely to be white (43% vs 25%, p < 0.001) and injured by gunshot wounds (44% vs 32%, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Based on data from trauma centers across the United States, the rate of injuries sustained during interactions with police has been stable over time. Gunshot wounds are the most common mechanism of injury. Proportionally, black patients are the most frequently injured race. When compared to patients injured by civilians, however, patients injured by police are more likely to be white. This study provides a step toward a better understanding of police-associated injuries.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level III.
Outcome differences in adolescent blunt severe polytrauma patients managed at pediatric versus adult trauma centers
Authors: Rogers Amelia T. , Gross Brian W. , Cook Alan D. , Rinehart Cole D. , Lynch Caitlin A. , Bradburn Eric H. , Heinle Colin C. , Jammula Shreya , Rogers Frederick B. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND
Previous research suggests adolescent trauma patients can be managed equally effectively at pediatric and adult trauma centers. We sought to determine whether this association would be upheld for adolescent severe polytrauma patients. We hypothesized that no difference in adjusted outcomes would be observed between pediatric trauma centers (PTCs) and adult trauma centers (ATCs) for this population.

METHODS
All severely injured adolescent (aged 12–17 years) polytrauma patients were extracted from the Pennsylvania Trauma Outcomes Study database from 2003 to 2015. Polytrauma was defined as an Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) score ≥3 for two or more AIS-defined body regions. Dead on arrival, transfer, and penetrating trauma patients were excluded from analysis. ATC were defined as adult-only centers, whereas standalone pediatric hospitals and adult centers with pediatric affiliation were considered PTC. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression models assessed the adjusted impact of center type on mortality and total complications while controlling for age, shock index, Injury Severity Score, Glasgow Coma Scale motor score, trauma center level, case volume, and injury year. A generalized linear mixed model characterized functional status at discharge (FSD) while controlling for the same variables.

RESULTS
A total of 1,606 patients met inclusion criteria (PTC: 868 [54.1%]; ATC: 738 [45.9%]), 139 (8.66%) of which died in-hospital. No significant difference in mortality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.10, 95% CI 0.54–2.24; p = 0.794; area under the receiver operating characteristic: 0.89) was observed between designations in adjusted analysis; however, FSD (AOR: 0.38, 95% CI 0.15–0.97; p = 0.043) was found to be lower and total complication trends higher (AOR: 1.78, 95% CI 0.98–3.32; p = 0.058) at PTC for adolescent polytrauma patients.

CONCLUSION
Contrary to existing literature on adolescent trauma patients, our results suggest patients aged 12–17 presenting with polytrauma may experience improved overall outcomes when managed at adult compared to pediatric trauma centers.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Epidemiologic study, level III.
Improving Phenotypic Measurements in High-Content Imaging Screens
Authors: Ando D. Michael , McLean Cory Y. , Berndl Marc 
Published: July 2017

AbstractImage-based screening is a powerful technique to reveal how chemical, genetic, and environmental perturbations affect cellular state. Its potential is restricted by the current analysis algorithms that target a small number of cellular phenotypes and rely on expert-engineered image features. Newer algorithms that learn how to represent an image are limited by the small amount of labeled data for ground-truth, a common problem for scientific projects. We demonstrate a sensitive and robust method for distinguishing cellular phenotypes that requires no additional ground-truth data or training. It achieves state-of-the-art performance classifying drugs by similar molecular mechanism, using a Deep Metric Network that has been pre-trained on consumer images and a transformation that improves sensitivity to biological variation. However, our method is not limited to classification into predefined categories. It provides a continuous measure of the similarity between cellular phenotypes that can also detect subtle differences such as from increasing dose. The rich, biologically-meaningful image representation that our method provides can help therapy development by supporting high-throughput investigations, even exploratory ones, with more sophisticated and disease-relevant models.
CropQuant: An automated and scalable field phenotyping platform for crop monitoring and trait measurements to facilitate breeding and digital agriculture
Authors: Zhou Ji , Reynolds Daniel , Cornu Thomas Le , Websdale Danny , Orford Simon , Lister Clare , Gonzalez-Navarro Oscar , Laycock Stephen , Finlayson Graham , Stitt Tim , Clark Matthew D. , Bevan Michael W. , Griffiths Simon 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAutomated phenotyping technologies are capable of providing continuous and precise measurements of traits that are key to today’s crop research, breeding and agronomic practices. In additional to monitoring developmental changes, high-frequency and high-precision phenotypic analysis can enable both accurate delineation of the genotype-to-phenotype pathway and the identification of genetic variation influencing environmental adaptation and yield potential. Here, we present an automated and scalable field phenotyping platform called CropQuant, designed for easy and cost-effective deployment in different environments. To manage infield experiments and crop-climate data collection, we have also developed a web-based control system called CropMonitor to provide a unified graphical user interface (GUI) to enable realtime interactions between users and their experiments. Furthermore, we established a high-throughput trait analysis pipeline for phenotypic analyses so that lightweight machine-learning modelling can be executed on CropQuant workstations to study the dynamic interactions between genotypes (G), phenotypes (P), and environmental factors (E). We have used these technologies since 2015 and reported results generated in 2015 and 2016 field experiments, including developmental profiles of five wheat genotypes, performance-related traits analyses, and new biological insights emerged from the application of the CropQuant platform.
DrosophilaPLP forms centriolar-clouds that promote centriole stability, cohesion and MT nucleation
Authors: Roque Helio , Pratt Metta , Johnson Errin , Raff Jordan W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPericentrin is a conserved centrosomal protein whose dysfunction has been linked to several human diseases. The precise function of Pericentrin, however, is controversial. Here, we examineDrosophilaPericentrin-like- protein (PLP) functionin vivo, in tissues that form both centrosomes and cilia.PLPmutant centrioles exhibit four major defects: (1) They are too short and have subtle structural defects; (2) They separate prematurely, and so overduplicate; (3) They organise fewer MTs during interphase; (4) They fail to establish and/or maintain a proper connection to the plasma membrane— although, surprisingly, mutant centrioles can still form an axoneme and recruit transition zone (TZ) proteins. We show that PLP helps to form “ pericentriolar clouds” of electron-dense material that emanate from the central cartwheel spokes and spread outward to surround the mother centriole. The partial loss of these structures may explain the complex centriole, centrosome and cilium defects we observe inPLPmutant cells.
LM6-M: a high avidity rat monoclonal antibody to pectic α-1,5-L-arabinan
Authors: Cornuault Valérie , Buffetto Fanny , Marcus Susan E , Crépeau Marie-Jeanne , Guillon Fabienne , Ralet Marie-Christine , Knox J Paul 
Published: July 2017

Abstract1,5-arabinan is an abundant structural feature of side chains of pectic rhamnogalacturonan-I which is a matrix constituent of plant cell walls. The study of arabinan in cells and tissues is driven by putative roles for this polysaccharide in the generation of cell wall and organ mechanical properties. The biological function(s) of arabinan is still uncertain and high quality molecular tools are required to detect its occurrence and monitor its dynamics. Here we report a new rat monoclonal antibody, LM6-M, similar in specificity to the published rat monoclonal antibody LM6 (Willats et al. (1998) Carbohydrate Research 308: 149-152). LM6-M is of the IgM immunoglobulin class and has a higher avidity for α-1-5-L-arabinan than LM6. LM6-M displays high sensitivity in its detection of arabinan in in-vitro assays such as ELISA and epitope detection chromatography and in in-situ analyses.AbbreviationsAraArabinoseBSABovine Serum AlbuminGalGalactoseGalAGalacturonic acidEDCEpitope detection chromatographyELISAEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssaymAbMonoclonal antibodyPBSPhosphate-buffered salineRhaRhamnoseRG-IRhamnogalacturonan-I
Transcriptional responses ofEscherichia coliduring recovery from inorganic or organic mercury exposure
Authors: LaVoie Stephen , Summers Anne O. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe protean chemical properties of mercury have long made it attractive for diverse applications, but its toxicity requires great care in its use, disposal, and recycling. Mercury occurs in multiple chemical forms, and the molecular basis for the distinct toxicity of its various forms is only partly understood. Global transcriptomics applied over time can reveal how a cell recognizes a toxicant and what cellular subsystems it marshals to repair and recover from the damage. The longitudinal effects on the transcriptome of exponential phaseE. coliwere compared during sub-acute exposure to mercuric chloride (HgCl2) or to phenylmercuric acetate (PMA) using RNA-Seq.ResultsDifferential gene expression revealed common and distinct responses to the mercurials throughout recovery. Cultures exhibited growth stasis immediately after each mercurial exposure but returned to normal growth more quickly after PMA exposure than after HgCl2exposure. Correspondingly, PMA rapidly elicited up-regulation of a large number of genes which continued for 30 min, whereas fewer genes were up-regulated early after HgCl2exposure only some of which overlapped with PMA up-regulated genes. By 60 min gene expression in PMA-exposed cells was almost indistinguishable from unexposed cells, but HgCl2exposed cells still had many differentially expressed genes. Relative expression of energy production and most metabolite uptake pathways declined with both compounds, but nearly all stress response systems were up-regulated by one or the other mercurial during recovery.ConclusionsSub-acute exposure influenced expression of ~45% of all genes with many distinct responses for each compound, reflecting differential biochemical damage by each mercurial and the corresponding resources available for repair. This study is the first global, high-resolution view of the transcriptional responses to any common toxicant in a prokaryotic model system from exposure to recovery of active growth. The responses provoked by these two mercurials in this model bacterium also provide insights about how higher organisms may respond to these ubiquitous metal toxicants.