bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Investigation into Various Types of Timber Splices for Aeroplane Construction
Authors: Kaye G. W. C. , Hudson Davies J. 
Published: February 2017

During the war a heavy demand was made on the supplies of aeronautical timber, and in order to allow of the use of smaller sized timber, it became necessary to permit the introduction of splices into aeronautical construction. We knew of no means to obtain accurate comparative data, and the purpose of the present inquiry (with which Captain K. Robertson was also associated) was that of finding a method of splicing timber beams which should prove to be the most effective for withstanding bending moment (as in aeroplane main plane spars) and which should at the same time be simple to produce and easy to inspect.As a preliminary step we invited suggestions from aircraft constructors and others as to the forms of splices which, in their opinion, were likely to give the most useful results.
The Resistance of Inclined Struts in a Uniform Air Current
Authors: Thurston A. P. , Tonnstein N. 
Published: February 2017

These experiments were carried out in the aerodynamical laboratory at East London College, with a view to investigating the variation of air resistance of certain bars as the inclination of their longitudinal axes to the direction of the wind was varied, the current of air being kept at a constant velocity. Four bars were used, having the cross sections shown in Fig. I, that is, a square, a 2:1rectangle, a circle, and a 3:1 streamline form. The bars were carefully made in wood to an equal length of 34m. and approximately a maximum width of lin. in each case. It was thought that interference due to the ends of the bars would be minimised by having some sort of entering edge fitted to the flats. Accordingly, wedge-shaped ends were tried in the case of a fifth bar, but various difficulties seemed to lead to erroneous results and they were abandoned in favour of squared-off ends.
Some American Experiments
Authors: Chanute O. 
Published: February 2017

Probably few readers realize the advance which has been made towards a practical solution of the problem of aviation within the last eight years. It is greater than all that was accomplished during the preceding two centuries. Not only has the subject been rescued from the contempt brought upon it by past failures and eccentric proposals, but very able men—Langley, Maxim, Pilcher, Hargrave, and Lilienthal—have shown by their experiments and writings that man may fairly hope eventually to fly through the air.Hundreds of failures during the last 300 or 400 years have well shown what arrangements will not answer, but the labours of these latter experimenters now enable us to forecast that success is most probably to be won with aerocurves, driven by screws or flapping propellers, actuated by a steam or a petroleum engine.What is the best course to be now followed to make still further advance? Most of the above experimenters seem to have proceeded upon the assumption that it is practicable to evolve a complete flying machine at one operation, and to apply propellers and motors from the first, before we are quite certain as to the stability in a wind.
On Forms of Surfaces Impelled through Air and their Effects in Sustaining Weights
Authors: Wenham F. H. 
Published: February 2017

At the first meeting of the Aeronautical Society of Great Britain in June, 1866, the author read a paper “On Aerial Locomotion and the Laws by which Heavy Bodies impelled through Air are Sustained.” Since that date, the writer has only occasionally reverted to the subject, but has never been convinced that flight is impossible for man, considering the apparent ease with which large birds traverse the air.The power required to maintain the flight of the screw vanes mentioned in the paper (now extensively used for flying-shot practice), was estimated at the rate of three-horse power for each hundred pounds raised. This is widely in excess of the reality, because when the first force that causes ascension is exhausted, the instrument in its subsequent descent, acts as a mere dirigible parachute. This is a most extravagant means of absorbing power. For example, a man weighing 150 lbs. attached to a parachute having this number of square feet, descending 1,300 feet per minute, will be expending six-horse power on the yielding air.
A Note on the “Inflow” Theory of the Airscrew
Authors: Riach M. A. S. 
Published: February 2017

The following note has been written partly by way of a commentary upon Dr. H. C. Watt's recent article, in the July number of the Aëronautical Journal, entitled, “ A Note on the Theories of Screw Propulsion,” and partly by way of an explanation of the apparent inconsistency of the “inflow” theory of the airscrew.Consider an element of a propeller blade situated at a radius of x from the boss centre of the propeller and having an angle of ϕ between the chord line of the blade section and the plane of rotation. The form of the blade section is considered to be that of an aerofoil, of which the characteristics are known from wind channel experiments upon a model of the same geometrical form (Fig. I).We wish to apply these wind channel data to the propeller blade element with rigorous consistency, i.e., as far as the two respective régimes of the propeller and the aerofoil permit.
Lehrenden- und studierenden-zentrierte Lehre messen
Authors: Wibbecke Gerald , Wibbecke Anna-Lena , Kahmann Janine , Kadmon Martina 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung. Es besteht ein Bedarf an wissenschaftlich geprüften Beobachtungsinstrumenten zum Lehrverhalten an Hochschulen. Diese Arbeit stellt einen Beobachtungsbogen für Lehrveranstaltungen vor (BEO-LV), der lehrenden- und studierendenzentrierte Lehrhandlungen erfassen kann. Um bei den Lehrenden die Akzeptanz für die Datenerhebungen zu erhöhen, soll dieser gleichzeitig für didaktische Rückmeldungen genutzt werden. Zur psychometrischen Überprüfung des BEO-LV werden zwei Untersuchungen dargestellt: (1) Die Beurteilendenübereinstimmung und Interraterreliabilität in Lehrveranstaltungen erwiesen sich in einer Beobachtungsstudie als zufriedenstellend. (2) Die Überprüfung der Beurteilendenübereinstimmung und der internen Validität in einer Videostudie ergab zufriedenstellende Ergebnisse für Beobachtende mit fortgeschrittenen didaktischen Kenntnissen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der BEO-LV zur Messung des Lehrverhaltens eingesetzt werden kann. Voraussetzung für gute psychometrische Ergebnisse ist eine ausführliche Einarbeitung in die operationalen Definitionen der Beobachtungsitems.
Unterrichtsstörungen aus Lehrer- und Schülersicht
Authors: Wettstein Alexander , Ramseier Erich , Scherzinger Marion , Gasser Luciano 
Published: February 2017

Zusammenfassung. Unterrichtsstörungen belasten sowohl Lehrpersonen als auch Schülerinnen und Schüler. Gleichzeitig ist davon auszugehen, dass Lehrpersonen und Lernende Störungen anders wahrnehmen. Mit einem Fragebogen wurden Unterrichtsstörungen, Beziehung und Klassenführung an 83 Klassen mehrperspektivisch aus Sicht der Klassenlehrperson (N = 83), einer ausgewählten Fachlehrperson (N = 83) und der Schülerinnen und Schüler (N = 1290) erfasst. Die Daten wurden in einem Multitrait-Multimethod-Design ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse weisen auf eine sehr hohe Reliabilität der aggregierten Schülerurteile hin. In der Einschätzung dreier Formen von Unterrichtsstörungen korrelierten die Schülerurteile im Durchschnitt zu .44 mit der Einschätzung der Klassenlehrperson und zu .54 mit der Einschätzung der Fachlehrperson. In der Einschätzung ihrer Beziehung stimmten die Lehrpersonen und Schülerinnen und Schüler nur schwach (.38 und .23), bzw. für Klassenführung (.09 und -.07) gar nicht überein. Lehrpersonen und Lernende erleben den Unterricht aus einer rollenspezifischen Subjektivität jeweils anders. Für Lehrpersonen ist es entscheidend, auch die Perspektive der Schülerinnen und Schüler einzunehmen und eigene Anteile an Störungen kritisch zu reflektieren.
Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy as a probe of multi-Q magnetic states of itinerant magnets
Authors: Gastiasoro Maria N. , Eremin Ilya , Fernandes Rafael M. , Andersen Brian M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe combination of electronic correlations and Fermi surfaces with multiple nesting vectors can lead to the appearance of complex multi-Q magnetic ground states, hosting unusual states such as chiral density waves and quantum Hall insulators. Distinguishing single-Q and multi-Q magnetic phases is however a notoriously difficult experimental problem. Here we propose theoretically that the local density of states (LDOS) near a magnetic impurity, whose orientation may be controlled by an external magnetic field, can be used to map out the detailed magnetic configuration of an itinerant system and distinguish unambiguously between single-Q and multi-Q phases. We demonstrate this concept by computing and contrasting the LDOS near a magnetic impurity embedded in three different magnetic ground states relevant to iron-based superconductors—one single-Q and two double-Q phases. Our results open a promising avenue to investigate the complex magnetic configurations in itinerant systems via standard scanning tunnelling spectroscopy, without requiring spin-resolved capability.
Relation between NOD2 genotype and changes in innate signaling in Crohn’s disease on mRNA and miRNA levels
Authors: Chen Yun , Salem Mohammad , Boyd Mette , Bornholdt Jette , Li Yuan , Coskun Mehmet , Seidelin Jakob Benedict , Sandelin Albin , Nielsen Ole Haagen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCrohn’s disease is associated with an altered innate immune response of pathogenic importance. This altered response can be associated to loss-of-function polymorphisms in the NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2) gene, but also changes in transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory layers, including microRNA activity. Here, we characterized the link between NOD2 genotype and inflammatory-mediated changes in innate signaling by studying transcriptional and post-transcriptional activity in response to NOD2-agonist muramyl dipeptide in monocytes from healthy controls, and Crohn’s disease patients with and without NOD2 loss-of-function polymorphisms. We measured the expression of genes and microRNAs in monocytes from these subjects after stimulation with muramyl dipeptide. Gene expression profiles mainly distinguished the actual muramyl dipeptide response, but not the genotype. A hyper-responsive phenotype was found in Crohn’s disease patients without NOD2 mutations, characterized by upregulated cytokine receptors and general downregulation of microRNA expression. Conversely, microRNA expression could identify genotype-specific differences between subject groups but exhibited little change upon muramyl dipeptide treatment. Only two microRNAs showed muramyl dipeptide-induced response, including miR-155, which was found to regulate multiple genes and whose host gene was one of the highest muramyl dipeptide responders. miR-155 was upregulated in Crohn’s disease patients with NOD2 mutations following lipopolysaccharide and Escherichia coli treatment, but the upregulation was substantially reduced upon muramyl dipeptide treatment. While Crohn’s disease patients with NOD2 mutations on average showed a reduced muramyl dipeptide response, the cohort exhibited large individual variance: a small subset had inflammatory responses almost comparable to wild-type patients on both gene and miR-155 regulatory levels.
Examining brain structures associated with dispositional envy and the mediation role of emotional intelligence
Authors: Xiang Yanhui , Zhao Sasa , Wang Hanlin , Wu Qihan , Kong Feng , Mo Lei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDispositional envy is distinguished by definition and neurally from episodic envy. While the neural correlates of episodic envy have been evaluated by specific tasks in previous studies, little is known about the structural neural basis of dispositional envy. In this study, we investigated the structural neural basis of dispositional envy underlying individual differences across two independent samples comprising a total of 100 young healthy adults. Firstly, 73 subjects’ data (sample 1) was analyzed, and we assessed the association between regional gray matter volume (rGMV) and dispositional envy using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Furthermore, we explored the role of emotional intelligence in the association between GMV and dispositional envy. VBM indicated that dispositional envy was positively correlated with GMV in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and superior temporal gyrus (STG). We also found that emotional intelligence partially mediated the association between DLPFC volume and dispositional envy. These results were replicated in another independent sample (Sample 2, n = 27). These results provide the first evidence that dispositional envy exhibits a structural neural correlation with the DLPFC and STG, and give a neutral explanation for why individuals with high emotional intelligence exhibit less envy.
Motivational, proteostatic and transcriptional deficits precede synapse loss, gliosis and neurodegeneration in the B6.HttQ111/+ model of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Bragg Robert M. , Coffey Sydney R. , Weston Rory M. , Ament Seth A. , Cantle Jeffrey P. , Minnig Shawn , Funk Cory C. , Shuttleworth Dominic D. , Woods Emily L. , Sullivan Bonnie R. , Jones Lindsey , Glickenhaus Anne , Anderson John S. , Anderson Michael D. , Dunnett Stephen B. , Wheeler Vanessa C. , MacDonald Marcy E. , Brooks Simon P. , Price Nathan D. , Carroll Jeffrey B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe investigated the appearance and progression of disease-relevant signs in the B6.HttQ111/+ mouse, a genetically precise model of the mutation that causes Huntington’s disease (HD). We find that B6.HttQ111/+ mice are healthy, show no overt signs of central or peripheral inflammation, and no gross motor impairment as late as 12 months of age. Behaviorally, we find that 4–9 month old B6.HttQ111/+ mice have normal activity levels and show no clear signs of anxiety or depression, but do show clear signs of reduced motivation. The neuronal density, neuronal size, synaptic density and number of glia is normal in B6.HttQ111/+ striatum, the most vulnerable brain region in HD, up to 12 months of age. Despite this preservation of the synaptic and cellular composition of the striatum, we observe clear progressive, striatal-specific transcriptional dysregulation and accumulation of neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NIIs). Simulation studies suggest these molecular endpoints are sufficiently robust for future preclinical studies, and that B6.HttQ111/+ mice are a useful tool for modeling disease-modifying or neuroprotective strategies for disease processes before the onset of overt phenotypes.
eUnaG: a new ligand-inducible fluorescent reporter to detect drug transporter activity in live cells
Authors: Yeh Johannes T.-H. , Nam Kwangho , Yeh Joshua T.-H. , Perrimon Norbert 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of metabolites and toxic organic solutes are orchestrated by the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and the organic solute carrier family (SLC) proteins. A large number of ABC and SLC transpoters exist; however, only a small number have been well characterized. To facilitate the analysis of these transporters, which is important for drug safety and physiological studies, we developed a sensitive genetically encoded bilirubin (BR)-inducible fluorescence sensor (eUnaG) to detect transporter-coupled influx/efflux of organic compounds. This sensor can be used in live cells to measure transporter activity, as excretion of BR depends on ABC and SLC transporters. Applying eUnaG in functional RNAi screens, we characterize l(2)03659 as a Drosophila multidrug resistant-associated ABC transporter.
Unusual life cycle and impact on microfibril assembly of ADAMTS17, a secreted metalloprotease mutated in genetic eye disease
Authors: Hubmacher Dirk , Schneider Michael , Berardinelli Steven J. , Takeuchi Hideyuki , Willard Belinda , Reinhardt Dieter P. , Haltiwanger Robert S. , Apte Suneel S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSecreted metalloproteases have diverse roles in the formation, remodeling, and the destruction of extracellular matrix. Recessive mutations in the secreted metalloprotease ADAMTS17 cause ectopia lentis and short stature in humans with Weill-Marchesani-like syndrome and primary open angle glaucoma and ectopia lentis in dogs. Little is known about this protease or its connection to fibrillin microfibrils, whose major component, fibrillin-1, is genetically associated with ectopia lentis and alterations in height. Fibrillin microfibrils form the ocular zonule and are present in the drainage apparatus of the eye. We show that recombinant ADAMTS17 has unique characteristics and an unusual life cycle. It undergoes rapid autocatalytic processing in trans after its secretion from cells. Secretion of ADAMTS17 requires O-fucosylation and its autocatalytic activity does not depend on propeptide processing by furin. ADAMTS17 binds recombinant fibrillin-2 but not fibrillin-1 and does not cleave either. It colocalizes to fibrillin-1 containing microfibrils in cultured fibroblasts and suppresses fibrillin-2 (FBN2) incorporation in microfibrils, in part by transcriptional downregulation of Fbn2 mRNA expression. RNA in situ hybridization detected Adamts17 expression in specific structures in the eye, skeleton and other organs, where it may regulate the fibrillin isoform composition of microfibrils.
Mechanisms responsible for the synergistic antileukemic interactions between ATR inhibition and cytarabine in acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Ma Jun , Li Xinyu , Su Yongwei , Zhao Jianyun , Luedtke Daniel A. , Epshteyn Valeria , Edwards Holly , Wang Guan , Wang Zhihong , Chu Roland , Taub Jeffrey W. , Lin Hai , Wang Yue , Ge Yubin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) continues to be a challenging disease to treat, thus new treatment strategies are needed. In this study, we investigated the antileukemic effects of ATR inhibition alone or combined with cytarabine in AML cells. Treatment with the ATR-selective inhibitor AZ20 caused proliferation inhibition in AML cell lines and primary patient samples. It partially abolished the G2 cell cycle checkpoint and caused DNA replication stress and damage, accompanied by CDK1-independent apoptosis and downregulation of RRM1 and RRM2. AZ20 synergistically enhanced cytarabine-induced proliferation inhibition and apoptosis, abolished cytarabine-induced S and G2/M cell cycle arrest, and cooperated with cytarabine in inducing DNA replication stress and damage in AML cell lines. These key findings were confirmed with another ATR-selective inhibitor AZD6738. Therefore, the cooperative induction of DNA replication stress and damage by ATR inhibition and cytarabine, and the ability of ATR inhibition to abrogate the G2 cell cycle checkpoint both contributed to the synergistic induction of apoptosis and proliferation inhibition in AML cell lines. Synergistic antileukemic interactions between AZ20 and cytarabine were confirmed in primary AML patient samples. Our findings provide insight into the mechanism of action underlying the synergistic antileukemic activity of ATR inhibition in combination with cytarabine in AML.
Plasma cell treatment device Plasma-on-Chip: Monitoring plasma-generated reactive species in microwells
Authors: Oh Jun-Seok , Kojima Shinya , Sasaki Minoru , Hatta Akimitsu , Kumagai Shinya 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe have developed a plasma cell treatment device called Plasma-on-Chip that enables the real-time monitoring of a single cell culture during plasma treatment. The device consists of three parts: 1) microwells for cell culture, 2) a microplasma device for generating reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) for use in cell treatment, and 3) through-holes (microchannels) that connect each microwell with the microplasma region for RONS delivery. Here, we analysed the delivery of the RONS to the liquid culture medium stored in the microwells. We developed a simple experimental set-up using a microdevice and applied in situ ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy with high sensitivity for detecting RONS in liquid. The plasma-generated RONS were delivered into the liquid culture medium via the through-holes fabricated into the microdevice. The RONS concentrations were on the order of 10–100 μM depending on the size of the through-holes. In contrast, we found that the amount of dissolved oxygen was almost constant. To investigate the process of RONS generation, we numerically analysed the gas flow in the through-holes. We suggest that the circulating gas flow in the through-holes promotes the interaction between the plasma (ionised gas) and the liquid, resulting in enhanced RONS concentrations.
Depurinized milk downregulates rat thymus MyD88/Akt/p38 function, NF-κB-mediated inflammation, caspase-1 activity but not the endonuclease pathway: in vitro/in vivo study
Authors: Kocic Gordana , Veljkovic Andrej , Kocic Hristina , Colic Miodrag , Mihajlovic Dusan , Tomovic Katarina , Stojanovic Svetlana , Smelcerovic Andrija 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was the evaluation of 15 days dietary regimen of depurinized (DP) milk (obtained using our patented technological procedures) or 1.5% fat UHT milk instead of standard chow diet, on rat thymus and bone marrow MyD88/Akt/p38, NF-κB, caspase-1 and endonuclease pathways, in relation to peripheral blood cell composition. To determine whether the reduced mass of the thymus is a consequence of the direct effect of DP/UHT milk on apoptosis of thymocytes,in vitroAnnexin-V-FITC/PI assay was performed. Significant decreases in the thymus wet weight, thymocyte MyD88, Akt-1/phospho-Akt-1 kinase, p38/phospho-p38, NF-κB, caspase-1 activity and CD4+/CD8+ antigen expression were obtained, especially in the DP milk group. The activity of thymocyte alkaline and acid DNase increased in the DP but not in the UHT milk group. The level of IL-6 significantly decreased in DP milk treated group, while the level of total TGF-β and IL-6 increased in UHT milk group. Significant differences in hematological parameters were obtained in commercial milk fed group. Observed results about prevention of experimental diabetes in DP pretreated groups may suggest that purine compounds, uric acid and other volatile toxic compounds of commercial milk may suppress oral tolerance, probably via IL-6 and TGF-β cytokine effects.