bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do patients who receive electroconvulsive therapy in Scotland get better?
Authors: Fergusson Grace , Hendry James , Freeman Chris 
Published: January 2018

Aims and Method
We aimed to compare the practice of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Scotland with the recommendations of the Royal College of Psychiatrists, to determine the characteristics of patients who receive ECT, to assess the outcome of ECT given in a routine clinical setting and to develop a system of quality assurance for ECT. Between February 1997 and March 2000, an audit of ECT measured the quality of treatment given at all clinics in Scotland. Audit tools were designed and standards set for the process, and outcome of treatment and interventions were identified to address any variance prior to each audit cycle. An electronic data collection system was developed and a website produced for the purpose of continued audit and information sharing.

Results
The annual rate of ECT in Scotland was 142 individual treatments per 100 000 of the total population. Electroconvulsive therapy was given mainly to White adult patients with a depressive illness who had consented to treatment. Clinical improvement, as measured by at least a 50% reduction in the Montgomery–Åsberg Rating Scale for Depression (MADRS) score, was evident in 71.2% of patients with a depressive episode.

Clinical Implications
The audit of ECT is achievable at a national level, ECT is effective in a routine clinical setting and the standards at ECT in Scotland are higher than the UK average.
Lunacy Acts: 8 & 9 Vict. a 100; 16 & 17 Vict. C. 96, 97.: Instructions for the Guidance of Superintendents, Proprietors, Medical Practitioners, and Others
Authors: Lutwidge R. W. S. 
Published: January 2018

RECEPTION OF PATIENTS.Orders.—In the case of a private patient, the order may be dated before or after the medical certificates, or either of them.
On the Association and Classification of Patients at Colney Hatch, and appropriation of the Recreation Room as a Dining Hall
Authors: Tyerman D. F. 
Published: January 2018

Encouraged by the success of the system, commenced in the year 1850, of associating at the dinner meal the male pauper patients of the Cornwall Lunatic Asylum, then under my superintendence, I ventured soon after my appointment at Colney Hatch, in September, 1852, to recommend here a far more extended association of the patients of both sexes in the hall hitherto used for occasional recreation, and which, from its dimensions and contiguity with the kitchen, appeared to offer especial advantages for carrying out such an experiment upon a large scale. After consultation with my colleagues upon the subject, I urged upon the Visiting Justices the following arguments in favour of the measure:—
1.The moral, social, and curative results likely to accrue.2.Relief to the patients from the usual monotony and routine of the establishment.3.Increased facilities afforded both to magistrates and officers for inspecting the patients.4.Improved ventilation in the wards, especially in hot weather.5.Removal of the knives, &c., from the store-rooms and sculleries of the wards.6.The more rapid conveyance of the provisions, whilst hot; and the better working of the establishment generally.
ERECTA-family genes coordinate stem cell functions between the epidermal and internal layers of the shoot apical meristem
Authors: Kimura Yuka , Tasaka Masao , Torii Keiko U. , Uchida Naoyuki 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
The epidermal cell layer and the tissues that lie underneath have different intrinsic functions during plant development. The stem cells within the shoot apical meristem (SAM) that give rise to aerial structures are located in the epidermal and internal tissue layers. However, our understanding of how the functions of these stem cells are coordinated across tissue layers so stem cells can behave as a single population remains limited. WUSCHEL (WUS) functions as a master regulator of stem cell activity. Here, we show that loss of function in the ERECTA (ER)-family receptor kinase genes can rescue the mutant phenotype of wus plants (loss of stem cells), as demonstrated by the reinstated expression of a stem cell marker gene in the SAM epidermis. Localized ER expression in the epidermis can suppress the SAM phenotype caused by loss of ER-family activity. Furthermore, the CLAVATA3- and cytokinin-induced outputs, which contribute to stem cell homeostasis, are dysfunctional in a tissue layer-specific manner in ER-family mutants. Collectively, our findings suggest that the ER family plays a role in the coordination of stem cell behavior between different SAM tissue layers.
Retinoblastoma 1 protects T cell maturation from premature apoptosis by inhibiting E2F1
Authors: Zhang Zili , Liu Wei , Zhao Lingfeng , Huang Zhibin , Chen Xiaohui , Ma Ning , Xu Jin , Zhang Wenqing , Zhang Yiyue 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
T lymphocytes are key cellular components of an acquired immune system and play essential roles in cell-mediated immunity. T cell development occurs in the thymus where 95% of immature thymocytes are eliminated via apoptosis. It is known that mutation of Zeb1, one of the retinoblastoma 1 (Rb1) target genes, results in a decrease in the number of immature T cells in mice. E2F1, an RB1-interacting protein, has been shown to regulate mature T cell development by interfering with thymocyte apoptosis. However, whether Rb1 regulates thymocyte development in vivo still needs to be further investigated. Here, we use a zebrafish model to investigate the role of Rb1 in T cell development. We show that Rb1-deficient fish exhibit a significant reduction in T cell number during early development that it is attributed to the accelerated apoptosis of immature T cells in a caspase-dependent manner. We further show that E2F1 overexpression could mimic the reduced T lymphocytes phenotype of Rb1 mutants, and E2F1 knockdown could rescue the phenotype in Rb1-deficient mutants. Collectively, our data indicate that the Rb1-E2F1-caspase axis is crucial for protecting immature T cells from apoptosis during early T lymphocyte maturation.
Cellular basis of brain maturation and acquisition of complex behaviors in salamanders
Authors: Joven Alberto , Wang Heng , Pinheiro Tiago , Hameed L. Shahul , Belnoue Laure , Simon András 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
The overall bauplan of the tetrapod brain is highly conserved, yet significant variations exist among species in terms of brain size, structural composition and cellular diversity. Understanding processes underlying neural and behavioral development in a wide range of species is important both from an evolutionary developmental perspective as well as for the identification of cell sources with post-developmental neurogenic potential. Here, we characterize germinal processes in the brain of Notophthalmus viridescens and Pleurodeles waltl during both development and adulthood. Using a combination of cell tracking tools, including clonal analyses in new transgenic salamander lines, we examine the origin of neural stem and progenitor cells found in the adult brain, determine regional variability in cell cycle length of progenitor cells, and show spatiotemporally orchestrated neurogenesis. We analyze how maturation of different brain regions and neuronal subpopulations are linked to the acquisition of complex behaviors, and how these behaviors are altered upon chemical ablation of dopamine neurons. Our data analyzed from an evolutionary perspective reveal both common and species-specific processes in tetrapod brain formation and function.
Some Customers Would Rather Leave Without Saying Goodbye
Authors: Ascarza Eva , Netzer Oded , Hardie Bruce G. S. 
Published: January 2018

We investigate the increasingly common business setting in which companies face the possibility of both observed and unobserved customer attrition (i.e., “overt” and “silent” churn) in the same pool of customers. This is the case for many online-based services where customers have the choice to stop interacting with the firm either by formally terminating the relationship (e.g., canceling their account) or by simply ignoring all communications coming from the firm. The standard contractual versus noncontractual categorization of customer–firm relationships does not apply in such hybrid settings, which means the standard models for analyzing customer attrition do not apply. We propose a hidden Markov model (HMM)-based framework to capture silent and overt churn. We apply our modeling framework to two different contexts—a daily deal website and a performing arts organization. In contrast to previous studies that have not separated the two types of churn, we find that overt churners in these hybrid settings tend to interact more, rather than less, with the firm prior to churning; that is, in settings where both types of churn are present, a high level of activity—such as customers actively opening emails received from the firm—is not necessarily a good indicator of future engagement; rather it is associated with higher risk of overt churn. We also identify a large number of “silent churners” in both empirical applications—customers who disengage with the company very early on, rarely exhibit any type of activity, and almost never churn overtly. Furthermore, we show how the two types of churners respond very differently to the firm’s communications, implying that a common retention strategy for proactive churn management is not appropriate in these hybrid settings. Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1057 .
Outcome of surgical management of stress fractures in high demand individuals
Authors: Maden C , Robbins A , Volpin A , Biz C , Konan S 
Published: January 2018

Stress fractures represent one-fifth of overuse injuries in sport. Successful healing of stress fractures in high demand individuals is important to prevent complications upon early return to activity. This article reviews the literature on outcomes of surgical management of stress fractures in high demand individuals. An online literature search was carried out for articles published up to and including January 2017. Twenty five papers were reviewed. In the majority of studies, no complications were reported, clinical and radiographic healing was achieved, and patients returned to their premorbid level of activity. Current literature suggests good outcomes after surgical management of stress fractures in high demand individuals, particularly those in whom conservative treatment has failed. Further studies comparing surgical techniques are necessary to demonstrate the most efficacious.
Prototipe Model Collaborative Learning Matematika Melalui Media Blog dengan Interactive Digital Book Mata Kuliah Kalkulus II
Authors: Sunismi Sunismi , Fathani Abdul Halim 
Published: January 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah tersusunnya prototipe model collaborative learning matematika melalui media blog dengan interactive digital book matakuliah kalkulus II. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pengembangan (development research). Model yang digunakan Four-D, meliputi tahap: define, design, develop, dan disseminate, yang akan dikerjakan selama dua tahun. Hasil pengembangan tahun I, tahap define, hasil angket analisis kebutuhan mahasiswa dan dosen, yaitu sebagian besar mahasiswa belum memahami materi kalkulus II, karena kesulitan mempelajarinya. Dikarenakan dosen menggunakan model pembelajaran langsung tanpa media, sehingga mahasiswa pasif dalam kelas. Oleh karena itu perlu dikembangkan model pembelajaran yang dapat mengaktifkan mahasiswa, yaitu model collaborative learning matematika melalui media blog dengan interactive digital book matakuliah kalkulus II. Hasil tahap design, yaitu 1) rancangan model collaborative learning matematika, 2) format media blog, situs internet yang digunakan untuk memposting bahan ajar, ruang diskusi kolaborasi online, pretes dan postes interaktif, serta uji kompetensi interaktif. Alamat blog https://sunismikalkulus.blogspot.co.id/?m=0. Sedangkan format interactive digital book kalkulus II dibuat dengan Kvisoft Flip Book Maker 3.6.6 yang menampilkan interactive digital book seperti tampilan buku cetak dapat memberikan umpan balik secara langsung kepada pengguna. Sedangkan hasil tahap develop, dihasilkan prototipe model collaborative learning matematika, yang telah divalidasi oleh ahli desain dan media pembelajaran, serta ahli matematika bahwa prototipe model valid, sehingga layak digunakan.
Photochemistry — development and achievements
Authors: Šima Jozef 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhotochemistry has been subjected to the enormous development within the last two centuries. This development has been driven mainly by two key factors: inherent scientific thirst for knowledge and worldwide foodstuff and energy needs. Within the development of photochemistry, mutual conditionality of global needs, progress in theory, improving of existing and birth of qualitatively new experimental techniques can be identified. Photochemistry has found its application in various fields of our life, development and protection of the nature.
Computing eccentric connectivity index of nanostar dendrimers
Authors: Mehdipour Sara , Alaeiyan Mehdi , Nejati Ali 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Let G be a molecular graph, the eccentric connectivity index of G is defined as ξc(G) = Σu∈V(G)deg(u)·ecc(u), where deg(u) denotes the degree of vertex u and ecc(u) is the largest distance between u and any other vertex v of G, namely, eccentricity of u. In this study, we present exact expressions for the eccentric connectivity index of two infinite classes of nanostar dendrimers.
Reflux control of a laboratory distillation column via MPC-based reference governor
Authors: Klaučo Martin , Valo Richard , Drgoňa Ján 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
An optimization-based control strategy is proposed to improve control performance of a primary PI controller. The strategy, referred to as a MPC-based reference governor, optimizes the performance of a primary PI controller by supplying optimal setpoints to the primary controller. This primary PI controller is responsible for reflux ratio manipulation in a distillation column, to control the temperature of the column head. This paper shows theoretical and experimental results obtained on the laboratory-scale.
Morphological Characteristics of Three Classic Forms of Natural Equine Glanders – A Disease With High Zoonotic Significance
Authors: Aničić Milan , Kukolj Vladimir , Marinković Darko 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Equine glanders is a severe bacterial disease known since ancient times. Although eradicated in the most part of the world it is now considered re-emerging. Considering very scarce literature data, we used from formalin fixed collection material: nasal septum, lung and skin specimens from naturally infected horses. Tissues were grossly examined and photographed. Tissue samples, after standard processing, were stained with HE, Congo red and Groccot and microscopically examined. Gross changes include nodules and ulcers in the nasal mucosa with granulation and scarring, pyogranulomas in the lung tissue and nodules and ulcers of the skin. Microscopically marked inflammation of affected tissues with neutrophilic and mononuclear infiltration and fibrous tissue proliferation were seen. As a potent zoonotic agent it has been already used as a biological weapon in the past.
Identifikation und Simulation optischer Verstärker für ultra-kurze Laserpulse
Authors: Deutschmann Andreas , Malevich Pavel , Baltuška Andrius , Kugi Andreas 
Published: January 2018

Zusammenfassung
Die Beschreibung optischer Pulsverstärker für ultra-kurze Laserpulse resultiert in mathematisch aufwendigen,
verteilt-parametrischen Modellen, deren detaillierte Modellierung und adaptive Regelung unlängst präsentiert wurde. In
diesem Beitrag werden nun Aspekte der Identifikation geeigneter Parameter betrachtet, um ein gemessenes
Eingangs-Ausgangs-Verhalten möglichst gut nachbilden zu können. Dazu werden effiziente Simulationsmodelle präsentiert,
die den numerischen Aufwand – besonders bei hohen Wiederholraten und der dadurch auftretenden starken Verkopplung
aufeinanderfolgender Pulse – in handhabbaren Grenzen halten.
Precision, accuracy, cross reactivity and comparability of serum indices measurement on Abbott Architect c8000, Beckman Coulter AU5800 and Roche Cobas 6000 c501 clinical chemistry analyzers
Authors: Nikolac Gabaj Nora , Miler Marijana , Vrtarić Alen , Hemar Marina , Filipi Petra , Kocijančić Marija , Šupak Smolčić Vesna , Ćelap Ivana , Šimundić Ana-Maria 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackground:The aim of our study was to perform verification of serum indices on three clinical chemistry platforms.Methods:This study was done on three analyzers: Abbott Architect c8000, Beckman Coulter AU5800 (BC) and Roche Cobas 6000 c501. The following analytical specifications were verified: precision (two patient samples), accuracy (sample with the highest concentration of interferent was serially diluted and measured values compared to theoretical values), comparability (120 patients samples) and cross reactivity (samples with increasing concentrations of interferent were divided in two aliquots and remaining interferents were added in each aliquot. Measurements were done before and after adding interferents).Results:Best results for precision were obtained for the H index (0.72%–2.08%). Accuracy for the H index was acceptable for Cobas and BC, while on Architect, deviations in the high concentration range were observed (y=0.02 [0.01–0.07]+1.07 [1.06–1.08]x). All three analyzers showed acceptable results in evaluating accuracy of L index and unacceptable results for I index. The H index was comparable between BC and both, Architect (Cohen’s κ [95% CI]=0.795 [0.692–0.898]) and Roche (Cohen’s κ [95% CI]=0.825 [0.729–0.922]), while Roche and Architect were not comparable. The I index was not comparable between all analyzer combinations, while the L index was only comparable between Abbott and BC. Cross reactivity analysis mostly showed that serum indices measurement is affected when a combination of interferences is present.Conclusions:There is heterogeneity between analyzers in the hemolysis, icteria, lipemia (HIL) quality performance. Verification of serum indices in routine work is necessary to establish analytical specifications.
High-temperature corrosion resistance of SiO2-forming materials
Authors: Kurokawa Kazuya , Sudiro Toto , Sano Tomonori , Kyo Shoji , Ishibashi Osamu , Nakamori Masaharu 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
An increasing demand for electricity and preserving the environment has become a great driving force for the development of advanced boilers for coal-fired plants to improve their plant efficiency by raising the operating temperature. To achieve this purpose, the development of materials that possess a high mechanical strength and excellent resistance against corrosion at high temperatures is required. Considering such situation, the high-temperature corrosion behavior of SiO2-forming materials such as CrSi2-Ni and CoNiCrAlY-Si alloys in atmospheres containing NaCl and Na2SO4 is introduced. The SiO2 scale plays a significant role in suppressing the inward diffusion of sulfur and chlorine, resulting in the remarkable suppression of the formation of sulfide and chloride at the scale/substrate interface and inside of the substrate. Based on such results, it is emphasized that SiO2-forming materials show outstanding corrosion resistance against atmospheres containing NaCl and Na2SO4.
Effect of pearlite on stress corrosion cracking of carbon steel in fuel-grade ethanol
Authors: Torkkeli Janne , Saukkonen Tapio , Hänninen Hannu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe selective dissolution of ferrite phase from the pearlite was studied in fuel-grade ethanol (FGE) to understand how it affects the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) mechanism of carbon steel in FGE. It was shown that microgalvanic coupling occurs between ferrite and cementite phases of the pearlite, leading to localized corrosion, which affects the SCC mechanism. The intergranular SCC mechanism stops at the pearlite, and the selective dissolution promotes the transgranular SCC mechanism. Cathodic polarization curves were measured for pure iron and cementite exposed to various FGE conditions. According to the results, cementite phase is, in most cases, a more favorable cathode in FGE.
Plasmonic flat surface Fabry-Perot interferometry
Authors: Sain Basudeb , Kaner Roy , Bondy Yaara , Prior Yehiam 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We report measurements of the optical transmission through a plasmonic flat surface interferometer. The transmission spectrum shows Fabry-Perot-like modes, where for each mode order, the maximal transmission occurs at a gap that grows linearly with wavelength, giving the appearance of diagonal dependence on gap and wavelength. The experimental results are supported by numerical solutions of the wave equations and by a simplified theoretical model that is based on the coupling between localized and propagating surface plasmon. This work explains not only the appearance of the modes but also their sharp dependence on the gap, taking into consideration the refractive indices of the surrounding media. The transmission spectra provide information about the phase difference between the light impinging on the two cavities, enabling interferometric measurement of the light phase by transmission through the coupled plasmonic cavities. The 1° phase-difference resolution is obtained without any propagation distance, thus making this interferometer suitable for on-chip operation.
Impact of Environmental Exposure on Historical Building Materials in the Archaeological Cellar of Our Lady’s Basilica in Tongeren (B)
Authors: Van Gemert Dionys , Brosens Kris , Ignoul Sven , Vandegehuchte Caroline , Janssen Michel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
An archaeological cellar has been excavated under the Basilica of Our Lady in Tongeren, as part of an extensive restoration and revitalization campaign that started in 1999, Figure 1. The cellar will enable to descend to the early Roman history of the site under and surrounding the basilica. The excavation and construction of the archaeological cellar were finished in 2007. After that the air-conditioning system and the accessibility of the cellar were installed In successive phases. At present, the integration of the archaeological cellar under the basilica with the archaeological field around the basilica is under construction. Building in the large cellar under the complete church without endangering the stability of the building was a complex construction work, as explained further in the paper. The project was realized in successive phases, to enable continuous use of the church for services as well as its accessibility as pilgrimage site. After the construction of the cellar, the focus shifted to the conservation of the archaeological remains in view of the future (touristic) exploitation of the cellar. In view of that, climate control in the cellar is crucial. The foundation footings and walls have been covered underground during centuries, and are now suddenly exposed to an inside environment with higher temperatures and lower humidity. The climate control measures during the construction works are presented, as well as the performance of the final permanent climate control installation. The specific consolidation and conservation works on the foundation masonries are profoundly discussed.