bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH VISUAL OUTCOME AFTER MACULA-OFF RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT SURGERY
Authors: Park Dae Hyun , Choi Kyung Seek , Sun Hae Jung , Lee Sung Jin 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate preoperative factors influencing the visual outcome and postoperative factors associated with the changes in visual acuity, after reattachment surgery to treat macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Methods:
A total of 180 eyes of 180 patients who underwent reattachment surgery to treat macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, and who were followed up for more than 12 months, were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative characteristics, including optical coherence tomography findings, were comprehensively analyzed using univariate and multivariate models to evaluate preoperative factors influencing best-corrected visual acuity 12 months after macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery and postoperative factors associated with changes in best-corrected visual acuity after surgery.

Results:
Preoperatively, the extent of detachment (P = 0.037), macula-off duration (P < 0.001), and integrity of the external limiting membrane (β = 0.163; P = 0.002) were significantly associated with postoperative visual prognosis. Six factors were associated with changes in visual acuity after surgery: disruption of ellipsoid zone integrity (β = 0.167; P < 0.001), the Henle's fiber layer and the outer nuclear layer (HFL + ONL)/photoreceptor layer ratio (β = 0.199; P < 0.001), the photoreceptor outer segment length (β = −0.020; P < 0.001), the photoreceptor inner segment length/photoreceptor outer segment length ratio (β = 0.047; P = 0.005), the ratio of photoreceptor layer thickness between the RD eye and fellow eye (β = −0.126; P = 0.018), and the photoreceptor outer segment length ratio between the RD eye and fellow eye (β = −0.425; P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
Preoperative factors associated with the visual outcome after macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery were the extent of detachment, macula-off duration, and external limiting membrane integrity. Postoperatively, predictive factors were the outer retinal microstructures, particularly the photoreceptor outer segment layer.
The Presence of Conjunctivochalasis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients
Authors: Acar Mutlu , Firat Hikmet , Yüceege Melike , Şanal Doğan Aysun , Çalişkan Sinan , Gürdal Canan 
Published: January 2017

Objectives:
The aim of our study was to detect the presence of conjunctivochalasis (CCh) in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients.

Methods:
We included 54 subjects (41 OSA patients and 14 control subjects) in the study. All the patients were assessed regarding the presence and stage of CCh.

Results:
The patients were grouped according to their apnea-hypopnea index as determined during nocturnal polysomnography in our laboratory as mild (12 patients), moderate (16 patients), and severe (13 patients) OSA. The CCh rate was 87.8% in the OSA group and 57.1% in the control group (P=0.022). Mean CCh stage was 1.58±1.24, 2.38±0.88, and 2.15±0.98 in the mild, moderate, and severe OSA groups, respectively, and 0.71±0.72 in the control group (P=0.0001).

Conclusions:
The moderate and severe OSA groups were associated with higher rates and more advanced stages of CCh. We believe that detailed conjunctival assessment is necessary for patients with complaints such as burning, stinging, and foreign body sensation, which we frequently confront in daily practice. In particular, young patients diagnosed with CCh must be carefully assessed regarding sleep apnea. In light of the above findings, we suggest that patients with ocular surface symptoms that are not relieved by topical medical treatment should be assessed for CCh and OSA. Longitudinal studies monitoring the response of CCh to OSA treatment are needed to clarify the relationship between CCh and OSA.
Effect of Combination Vaccines on Hepatitis B Vaccine Compliance in Children in the United States
Authors: Kurosky Samantha K. , Davis Keith L. , Galindo Claudia M. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
An increasingly crowded immunization schedule threatens the completion and compliance of hepatitis B vaccinations (HepB), the primary method of hepatitis B prevention. Combination vaccines have been proposed to alleviate this problem.

Methods:
Data from the 2011 National Immunization Survey Public-Use Data File were utilized (GSK study identifier: HO-11–770) to compare HepB completion and compliance rates between 3 groups of children: those who received HepB combination vaccine, those who received non-HepB combination vaccine and those who received HepB single-antigen vaccine only. Completion was defined as the accumulation of 3 HepB doses by 18 months. Compliance was defined as the receipt of vaccine doses within the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ recommended age ranges.

Results:
Of a sample of 4,040,116 children, 39.4% received a HepB combination vaccine, 43.0% received a non-HepB combination vaccine and 17.5% received a HepB single-antigen vaccine. Overall, 91.2% of children completed all 3 recommended doses, but only 61.8% completed them at age-appropriate times. Those receiving single-antigen only (odds ratio = 0.25, 95% confidence interval: 0.17–0.35) or non-HepB combination vaccines (odds ratio = 0.50, 95% confidence interval: 0.37–0.69) were substantially less likely to complete 3 doses of HepB than those who received the HepB combination vaccine.

Conclusions:
Although completion rates were high, a large proportion of children did not receive HepB doses at age-appropriate times. Combination vaccine was associated with both higher completion and compliance outcomes compared with HepB single-antigen vaccine.
A tailored-guided internet-based cognitive-behavioral intervention for patients with rheumatoid arthritis as an adjunct to standard rheumatological care: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ferwerda Maaike , van Beugen Sylvia , van Middendorp Henriët , Spillekom-van Koulil Saskia , Donders A. Rogier T. , Visser Henk , Taal Erik , Creemers Marjonne C.W. , van Riel Piet C.L.M. , Evers Andrea W.M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFor patients with chronic pain conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who experience elevated levels of distress, tailored-guided internet-based cognitive-behavioral treatment may be effective in improving psychological and physical functioning, and reducing the impact of RA on daily life. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial was conducted for RA patients with elevated levels of distress as assessed by a disease-specific measure. The control group (n = 71) received standard care and the intervention group (n = 62) additionally received an internet-based tailored cognitive-behavioral intervention. Main analyses were performed using a linear mixed model estimating differences between the intervention and control groups in scores of psychological functioning, physical functioning, and impact of RA on daily life at preassesment and postassessment, and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Patients who received the internet-based intervention reported a larger improvement in psychological functioning compared with the control group, indicating less depressed mood (P< 0.001,d= 0.54), negative mood (P= 0.01,d= 0.38), and anxiety (P< 0.001,d= 0.48) during the course of the 1-year follow-up period. Regarding physical functioning, a trend was found for the intervention group reporting less fatigue than the control group (P= 0.06,d= 0.24), whereas no effect was found on pain. No effects were found for the impact of RA on daily life, except for the intervention group experiencing fewer role limitations due to emotional problems (P< 0.001,d= 0.53). Offering guided internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy is a promising development to aid patients with psychological distress particularly in improving psychological functioning. Further research on adherence and specific intervention ingredients is warranted.
Memantine as an Adjuvant Treatment for Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in Manic Phase of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Sahraian Ali , Jahromi Leila Razeghian , Ghanizadeh Ahmad , Mowla Arash 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Purpose/Background
The aim of this study is to examine the effects of memantine as an adjuvant treatment for obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) type I, manic phase.

Methods/Procedures
In this 16-week double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 58 patients in the manic phase of BD who had OC symptoms were randomly allocated to receive memantine or placebo plus their routine medications (lithium + olanzapine + clonazepam). The Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Behavior Scale was used to assess the outcomes. Adverse effects were also recorded.

Findings/Results
Thirty-eight patients (19 in the memantine group and 19 in the placebo group) completed the trial. Throughout the trial, the mean score decreased from 20.26 ± 5.91 to 9.73 ± 5.44 in the memantine group (P < 0.000) and from 22.89 ± 5.70 to 16.63 ± 4.00 in the placebo group (P < 0.000). At the end of the study, 15 (78.94%) patients in the memantine group and 7 (36.84%) patients in the placebo group demonstrated more than 34% decline in the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Behavior Scale score (P < 0.01). No serious adverse effects were reported.

Implications/Conclusions
Our double-blind controlled clinical trial showed that memantine is an effective adjuvant agent for reducing OC symptoms in patients with BD. However, it needs to be noted that our study is preliminary, and larger double-blind controlled studies are needed to confirm the results.
Helicobacter pylori and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Wijarnpreecha Karn , Thongprayoon Charat , Panjawatanan Panadeekarn , Manatsathit Wuttiporn , Jaruvongvanich Veeravich , Ungprasert Patompong 
Published: January 2017

Background/Objectives:

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the most common chronic bacterial infection. Patients with H. pylori infection may be at an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) because of chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Several epidemiologic studies attempting to determine this risk have yielded inconsistent results. This meta-analysis was conducted with the aims to summarize all available evidence and estimate the risk of NAFLD in patients with H. pylori infection.

Methods:
A literature search was performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE database from inception to June 2016. Studies that reported relative risks, odd ratios, or hazard ratios comparing the risk of NAFLD among patients with H. pylori infection versus without H. pylori infection were included. Pooled odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated using a random-effect, generic inverse variance method.

Results:
Six studies met our eligibility criteria and were included in this analysis. We found a statistically significant increased risk of NAFLD among patients with H. pylori infection with the pooled odds ratios of 1.21 (95% confidence interval, 1.07-1.37). The statistical heterogeneity was low with an I
2 of 49%.

Conclusions:
A significantly increased risk of NAFLD among patients with H. pylori infection was demonstrated in this meta-analysis. Further studies are required to clarify how this risk should be addressed in clinical practice.
Narrowing in on the anti-β cell-specific T cells: looking ‘where the action is’
Authors: Kent Sally C. , Babon Jenny Aurielle B. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of review
By necessity, the vast majority of information we have on autoreactive T cells in human type 1 diabetes (T1D) has come from the study of peripheral blood of donors with T1D. It is not clear how representative the peripheral autoreactive T-cell repertoire is of the autoreactive T cells infiltrating the islets in T1D. We will summarize and discuss what is known of the immunohistopathology of insulitis, the T-cell receptor repertoire expressed by islet-infiltrating T cells, and the autoreactivity and function of islet-infiltrating T cells in T1D.

Recent findings
Recovery and analysis of live, islet-infiltrating T cells from the islets of cadaveric donors with T1D revealed a broad repertoire and proinflammatory phenotype of CD4+ T-cell autoreactivity to peptide targets from islet proteins, including proinsulin, as well as CD4+ T-cell reactivity to a number of post-translationally modified peptides, including peptides with citrullinations and hybrid insulin peptide fusions. Islet-infiltrating CD8+ T cells were also derived and required further isolation and characterization.

Summary
The recovery of live, islet-infiltrating T cells from donors with T1D, reactive with a broad range of known targets and post-translationally modified peptides, allows for the specific functional analysis of islet-infiltrating T cells for the development of antigen-specific immunotherapies.
Adverse events and risk factors during emergency intubation in a tertiary paediatric emergency department
Authors: Löllgen Ruth M.C. , Pontin Jennifer , Gow Matthew , McCaskill Mary E. 
Published: January 2017

Background
Rapid sequence intubation and emergency intubation in the emergency department (ED) can be life-saving procedures, but require the appropriate skills, experience and preparation to avoid complications ranging from simple trauma to life-threatening desaturation. Only scarce data exist in the published literature on complications following emergency intubation in children and most guidelines are extrapolated from the adult population.

Patients and methods
We reviewed all emergency intubations of patients in our tertiary paediatric ED within a 2-year period to estimate the incidence of complications and to analyse the risk factors associated with this procedure.

Results
Seventy-two children were intubated; complications occurred in one in four and repeated attempts at intubation in 17/23 children. The median age of the children was 2 years (range: 0 days–6 years). The most common reason for intubation was altered level of consciousness and the most frequent diagnosis at the time of intubation was seizure/status epilepticus. Complications were related to desaturation (n=7), equipment failure (n=3), intravenous access (n=2) and hypotension (n=2), erroneous or insufficient drug preparation (n=1) and other reasons (n=3). There was no significant association of complications with the child’s age or weight, time of arrival to ED, preintubation hypotension or combination of drugs used.

Conclusion
Complications of rapid sequence intubation, a relatively low-frequency procedure in the paediatric ED, occurred in one of four children and repeat attempts at intubation were made in another 24%. We suggest that the use of an intubation checklist including the preparation of equipment and recommendations for drug use would minimize the occurrence of adverse events of intubation in children.
Innovative strategies for adverse karyotype acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Blum Sabine , Greve Gabriele , Lübbert Michael 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of review
Adverse karyotype acute myeloid leukemia is a disease particularly of older patients, but also observed in younger patients. Despite all efforts, standard chemotherapy is still generally applied in fit patients, as already for decades, and for nearly all different subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia. Lack of more specifically targeted therapy and the often older age of the patients are complicating treatment, and in the subgroup of patients achieving a complete remission, the strikingly high frequency of relapse is a characteristic of this disease. This review aims to give an overview of current treatment approaches as well as emerging therapies.

Recent findings
Currently, the approach of a targeted therapy specific to the genetic and/or epigenetic aberrations detected in the individual patient is still not possible, and a ‘one treatment fits all’ course of action is still used, with allografting as curative consolidation. However, first immunotherapeutic approaches are emerging as treatment options and first phase 1 and 2 studies are described.

Summary
Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia with adverse karyotype is still not individualized, most treatment options currently not being curative. This can change in the near future, but recent findings will have to be implemented into larger phase 3 studies before being standard of care.
Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia: current challenges in diagnosis and therapy
Authors: Wolach Ofir , Stone Richard M. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of review
Mixed-phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) is a rare disease that poses many diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Patients with MPAL are considered to have poor outcomes. The difficulties in classifying this leukemia, the lack of prospectively collected data concerning therapeutic outcomes, and rare incidence result in much uncertainty as to the best approach for patients with MPAL.

Recent findings
Recent studies demonstrated that most MPALs are associated with cytogenetic abnormalities; genetic sequencing studies disclose a high frequency of somatic mutations in genes encoding epigenetic regulators, tumor suppressors, and transcription factors. The limited available data suggest that higher remission rates are achieved with acute lymphoblastic leukemia-like induction regimens compared with acute myeloid leukemia-type approaches. Allogeneic transplantation in first remission may be associated with improved survival compared with consolidation chemotherapy.

Summary
Advances in understanding the genetic landscape of MPAL may allow a more biologically driven classification of this heterogeneous group of leukemias in the future that will lead to optimized therapies for individual patients. Most data that inform therapy are based on retrospective, uncontrolled studies; prospective trials that incorporate targeted approaches based on genetics and immunophenotype are needed.
Characterization, regulation, and targeting of erythroid progenitors in normal and disordered human erythropoiesis
Authors: Dulmovits Brian M. , Hom Jimmy , Narla Anupama , Mohandas Narla , Blanc Lionel 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of review
The erythroid progenitors burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit-erythroid have a critical role in erythropoiesis. These cells represent a heterogeneous and poorly characterized population with modifiable self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation capabilities. This review focuses on the current state of erythroid progenitor biology with regard to immunophenotypic identification and regulatory programs. In addition, we will discuss the therapeutic implications of using these erythroid progenitors as pharmacologic targets.

Recent findings
Erythroid progenitors are classically characterized by the appearance of morphologically defined colonies in semisolid cultures. However, these prior systems preclude a more thorough understanding of the composite nature of progenitor populations. Recent studies employing novel flow cytometric and cell-based assays have helped to redefine hematopoiesis, and suggest that erythroid progenitors may arise from different levels of the hematopoietic tree. Moreover, the identification of cell surface marker patterns in human burst-forming unit-erythroid and colony-forming unit-erythroid enhance our ability to perform downstream functional and molecular analyses at the population and single cell level. Advances in these techniques have already revealed novel subpopulations with increased self-renewing capacity, roles for erythroid progenitors in globin gene expression, and insights into pharmacologic mechanisms of glucocorticoids and pomalidomide.

Summary
Immunophenotypic and molecular characterization resolves the diversity of erythroid progenitors, and may ultimately lead to the ability to target these progenitors to ameliorate diseases of dyserythropoiesis.
Symptom Presentation and Prescription of Sleep Medications for Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Greenbaum Mark A. , Neylan Thomas C. , Rosen Craig S. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This study tested whether sleep medications prescribed to veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are being targeted to patients who report more severe insomnia or nightmares. Secondary analysis of survey and pharmacy data was conducted in samples of veterans from two periods: from 2006 to 2008 and from 2009 to 2013. Logistic regression tested associations between self-reported insomnia and nightmare severity, and being prescribed trazodone, prazosin, zolpidem, and benzodiazepines, controlling for PTSD severity and other covariates. In both samples, insomnia severity independently predicted trazodone receipt, and nightmare severity independently predicted prazosin receipt. In the later study, insomnia severity predicted receipt of zolpidem. Veterans in the later sample were more likely to receive trazodone, prazosin, and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics, and less likely to receive benzodiazepines than those in the earlier sample. Further research is needed to evaluate and optimize pharmacological and psychosocial treatments for sleep problems among veterans with PTSD.
Comparison of cobas 4800, m2000, Viper XTR, and Infinity 80 Automated Instruments When Processing Urine Specimens for the Diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Authors: Chernesky Max A. , Jang Dan , Gilchrist Jodi , Smieja Marek , Arias Manuel , Hatchette Todd , Poirier Andre , Mayne Donna , Ratnam Sam 
Published: January 2017

Objectives
North American and European advisory groups recommend testing for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) with nucleic acid amplification tests. Testing is often performed on automated instruments. The objectives of this study were to process urines for the diagnosis of CT and NG and to examine workflow procedures and outcomes.

Methods
While processing 1, 24, 48, 96, and 192 urine specimens on 3 batch-mode systems which use 96-well plates: cobas 4800, m2000, and Viper XTR and the random access cartridge testing GeneXpert Infinity 80, we measured assay performance, hands-on time for processing and maintenance, reagents and plastics consumption, time required to obtain results, and testing accuracy.

Results
The Infinity 80 required the least hands-on time for single specimens and smaller batches, whereas the Viper XTR and m2000 required the most hands-on time for all batch sizes. Cumulative daily, weekly, and monthly maintenance was highest for the Viper XTR and lowest for Infinity 80. All batch-mode instruments consumed large amounts of disposables. Time to results was shortest for the Infinity 80, and the Viper XTR provided the shortest time for the batch-mode instruments. All systems showed similar diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions
Because detection performances were similar, issues of hands-on time, maintenance, time to results, and consumables are important operational factors for the diagnosis and treatment of CT/NG infections.