bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pentagalloylglucose alleviates acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury by modulating inflammation via cGAS-STING pathway
Authors: Zheng Congyang , Chen Yuanyuan , He Tingting , Xiu Ye , Dong Xu , Wang Xianling , Wen Xinru , Li Chengwei , Yao Qing , Chen Simin , Zhan Xiaoyan , Gao Lili , Bai Zhaofang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The cGAS-STING pathway is an important component of the innate immune system and plays significant role in acetaminophen-induced liver injury (AILI). Pentagalloylglucose (PGG) is a natural polyphenolic compound with various beneficial effects, including anti-cancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and liver-protective properties; however, whether it can be used for the treatment of AILI and the specific mechanism remain unclear.

Materials and methods
A cell culture model was created to study the effect of PGG on cGAS-STING pathway activation using various techniques including western blotting (WB), real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), immunofluorescence (IF), and immunoprecipitation (IP). The effect of PGG was investigated in vivo by establishing a dimethylxanthenone acetic acid (DMXAA)-mediated activation model. An AILI model was used to evaluate the hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of PGG by detecting liver function indicators, liver histopathology, and cGAS-STING pathway-related indicators in mice with AILI.

Results
PGG blocked cGAS-STING pathway activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), THP-1 cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro. Furthermore, PGG inhibited the generation of type I interferons (IFN-I) and the secretion of inflammatory factors in DMXAA-induced in vivo experiments. In addition, PGG also reduced serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), improved liver tissue damage and apoptosis, and inhibited the cGAS-STING pathway activation caused by acetaminophen. In terms of the mechanism, PGG disrupted the connection between STING and TBK1.

Conclusions
PGG exerts a protective effect against AILI by blocking the cGAS-STING pathway, offering a promising treatment strategy.
Role of caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasomes in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Wan Yong , Li Jiayu , Pu Jialei , Yang Jing , Pei Cheng , Qi Yun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Retinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is a common pathological process in many ophthalmic diseases. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is an important inflammatory factor involved in the pathology of retinal IR injury, but the mechanism by which IL-1β is regulated in such injury remains unclear. Caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasomes can regulate the synthesis and secretion of IL-1β, but its role in retinal IR injury has not been elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the role of caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasomes in retinal IR injury.

Methods
Retinal IR injury was induced in C57BL/6J mice by increasing the intraocular pressure to 110 mmHg for 60 min. The post-injury changes in retinal morphology and function and in IL-1β expression were compared between caspase-11 gene knockout (caspase-11−/−) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. Morphological and functional changes were evaluated using hematoxylin–eosin staining and retinal whole mount staining and using electroretinography (ERG), respectively. IL-1β expression in the retina was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The levels of caspase-11-related protein were measured using western blot analysis. The location of caspase-11 in the retina was determined via immunofluorescence staining. Mouse type I astrocytes C8-D1A cells were used to validate the effects of caspase-11 simulation via hypoxia in vitro. Small-interfering RNA targeting caspase-11 was constructed. Cell viability was evaluated using the MTT assay. IL-1β expression in supernatant and cell lysate was measured using ELISA. The levels of caspase-11-related protein were measured using western blot analysis.

Results
Retinal ganglion cell death and retinal edema were more ameliorated, and the ERG b-wave amplitude was better after retinal IR injury in caspase-11−/− mice than in WT mice. Further, caspase-11−/− mice showed lower protein expressions of IL-1β, cleaved caspase-1, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) in the retina after retinal IR injury. Caspase-11 protein was expressed in retinal glial cells, and caspase-11 knockdown played a protective role against hypoxia in C8-D1A cells. The expression levels of IL-1β, cleaved caspase-1, and GSDMD were inhibited after hypoxia in the si-caspase-11 constructed cells.

Conclusions
Retinal IR injury activates caspase-11 non-canonical inflammasomes in glial cells of the retina. This results in increased protein levels of GSDMD and IL-1β and leads to damage in the inner layer of the retina.
Epigenetic mechanisms in cardiovascular complications of diabetes: towards future therapies
Authors: Damiano Giulia , Rinaldi Raffaella , Raucci Angela , Molinari Chiara , Sforza Annalisa , Pirola Sergio , Paneni Francesco , Genovese Stefano , Pompilio Giulio , Vinci Maria Cristina 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular disease and microvascular complications in diabetes have been extensively studied, but effective methods of prevention and treatment are still lacking. In recent years, DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs have arisen as possible mechanisms involved in the development, maintenance, and progression of micro- and macro-vascular complications of diabetes. Epigenetic changes have the characteristic of being heritable or deletable. For this reason, they are now being studied as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes and the prevention or for slowing down its complications, aiming to alleviate the personal and social burden of the disease.This review addresses current knowledge of the pathophysiological links between diabetes and cardiovascular complications, focusing on the role of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications. In addition, although the treatment of complications of diabetes with “epidrugs” is still far from being a reality and faces several challenges, we present the most promising molecules and approaches in this field.
Red blood cell transfusion in a tertiary Haitian hospital’s emergency department: patient characteristics and availability challenges
Authors: Jacques Flawendjee Djaweelentz , Julmisse Samentha Cyndie , Laurore Ange Cindy , Lefruit Ralph Mackenson , Chery Maurice Junior , Dubique Kobel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions are essential for many patients admitted to emergency departments (ED). However, accessibility to red cell transfusions is often limited, especially in low-income countries such as Haiti. This article aims to determine the proportion of patients requiring emergency transfusion, transfused patients’ characteristics, as well as the response rate and timeliness of blood product delivery for requests made.

Methods
A retrospective study was conducted among all patients with RBC transfusion indications from January to June 2022 at the ED of Mirebalais Teaching Hospital. The parameters studied included transfusion indications, pre-transfusion hemoglobin levels, and delay from prescription to transfusion.

Results
During the study period, 3993 patients received treatment in the ED. The proportion of patients requiring RBCs was 7.69%, including 145 males and 117 females, with a median age of 43 [30–56] years. Only 21.7% of these patients received a transfusion. The average pre-transfusion hemoglobin level was 4.75 ± 1.68 g/dL. The most common transfusion’s indications were infection/sepsis (36.74%), trauma (23.48%), and cancer (21.57%). The median time delay from prescription to transfusion was 2.37 [0.97–4.93] days. The study identified significant associations between RBC transfusion probability and patient factors like hemoglobin levels, patient disposition, urgency of RBC request, and length of stay.

Conclusion
RBC transfusion requests are frequent in the ED of Mirebalais Teaching Hospital, with a relatively high transfusion delay. Further studies on the relevance of RBC requests and ways to reduce delay from prescription to transfusion would be beneficial to improve this situation.
Anekomochi glutinous rice provides low postprandial glycemic response by enhanced insulin action via GLP-1 release and vagal afferents activation
Authors: Ohbayashi Kento , Sugiyama Yudai , Nohmi Taichi , Nishimura Kazusa , Nakazaki Tetsuya , Sato Yo-Ichiro , Masumura Takehiro , Iwasaki Yusaku 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGlutinous rice (mochi rice), compared to non-glutinous rice (uruchi rice), exhibits a wide range of glycemic index (GI) values, from low to high. However, the underlying mechanisms behind the variation in GI values remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to identify rice cultivars with a low postprandial glycemic response and investigate the mechanisms, focusing on insulin and incretin hormones. We examined seven glutinous rice cultivars and three non-glutinous rice cultivars. We discovered that Anekomochi, a glutinous rice cultivar, has the lowest postprandial glycemic response. Anekomochi significantly enhanced glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion while suppressing insulin secretion. These effects were completely blunted by inhibiting GLP-1 receptor signaling and denervating the common hepatic branch of vagal afferent nerves that are crucial for sensing intestinal GLP-1. Our findings demonstrate that Anekomochi markedly enhances insulin action via GLP-1 release and vagal afferent neural pathways, thereby leading to a lower postprandial glycemic response.
A Bayesian multivariate hierarchical model for developing a treatment benefit index using mixed types of outcomes
Authors: Wu Danni , Goldfeld Keith S. , Petkova Eva , Park Hyung G. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Precision medicine has led to the development of targeted treatment strategies tailored to individual patients based on their characteristics and disease manifestations. Although precision medicine often focuses on a single health outcome for individualized treatment decision rules (ITRs), relying only on a single outcome rather than all available outcomes information leads to suboptimal data usage when developing optimal ITRs.

Methods
To address this limitation, we propose a Bayesian multivariate hierarchical model that leverages the wealth of correlated health outcomes collected in clinical trials. The approach jointly models mixed types of correlated outcomes, facilitating the “borrowing of information” across the multivariate outcomes, and results in a more accurate estimation of heterogeneous treatment effects compared to using single regression models for each outcome. We develop a treatment benefit index, which quantifies the relative benefit of the experimental treatment over the control treatment, based on the proposed multivariate outcome model.

Results
We demonstrate the strengths of the proposed approach through extensive simulations and an application to an international Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) treatment trial. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method reduces the occurrence of erroneous treatment decisions compared to a single regression model for a single health outcome. Additionally, the sensitivity analyses demonstrate the robustness of the model across various study scenarios. Application of the method to the COVID-19 trial exhibits improvements in estimating the individual-level treatment efficacy (indicated by narrower credible intervals for odds ratios) and optimal ITRs.

Conclusion
The study jointly models mixed types of outcomes in the context of developing ITRs. By considering multiple health outcomes, the proposed approach can advance the development of more effective and reliable personalized treatment.
An open-source fine-tuned large language model for radiological impression generation: a multi-reader performance study
Authors: Serapio Adrian , Chaudhari Gunvant , Savage Cody , Lee Yoo Jin , Vella Maya , Sridhar Shravan , Schroeder Jamie Lee , Liu Jonathan , Yala Adam , Sohn Jae Ho 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The impression section integrates key findings of a radiology report but can be subjective and variable. We sought to fine-tune and evaluate an open-source Large Language Model (LLM) in automatically generating impressions from the remainder of a radiology report across different imaging modalities and hospitals.

Methods
In this institutional review board-approved retrospective study, we collated a dataset of CT, US, and MRI radiology reports from the University of California San Francisco Medical Center (UCSFMC) (n = 372,716) and the Zuckerberg San Francisco General (ZSFG) Hospital and Trauma Center (n = 60,049), both under a single institution. The Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation (ROUGE) score, an automatic natural language evaluation metric that measures word overlap, was used for automatic natural language evaluation. A reader study with five cardiothoracic radiologists was performed to more strictly evaluate the model’s performance on a specific modality (CT chest exams) with a radiologist subspecialist baseline. We stratified the results of the reader performance study based on the diagnosis category and the original impression length to gauge case complexity.

Results
The LLM achieved ROUGE-L scores of 46.51, 44.2, and 50.96 on UCSFMC and upon external validation, ROUGE-L scores of 40.74, 37.89, and 24.61 on ZSFG across the CT, US, and MRI modalities respectively, implying a substantial degree of overlap between the model-generated impressions and impressions written by the subspecialist attending radiologists, but with a degree of degradation upon external validation. In our reader study, the model-generated impressions achieved overall mean scores of 3.56/4, 3.92/4, 3.37/4, 18.29 s,12.32 words, and 84 while the original impression written by a subspecialist radiologist achieved overall mean scores of 3.75/4, 3.87/4, 3.54/4, 12.2 s, 5.74 words, and 89 for clinical accuracy, grammatical accuracy, stylistic quality, edit time, edit distance, and ROUGE-L score respectively. The LLM achieved the highest clinical accuracy ratings for acute/emergent findings and on shorter impressions.

Conclusions
An open-source fine-tuned LLM can generate impressions to a satisfactory level of clinical accuracy, grammatical accuracy, and stylistic quality. Our reader performance study demonstrates the potential of large language models in drafting radiology report impressions that can aid in streamlining radiologists’ workflows.
Does the use of Acellular Dermal Matrices (ADM) in women undergoing pre-pectoral implant-based breast reconstruction increase operative success versus non-use of ADM in the same setting? A systematic review
Authors: Cook Hannah I. , Glynou Sevasti P. , Sousi Sara , Zargaran David , Hamilton Stephen , Mosahebi Afshin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women in the UK. Reconstruction – of which implant-based breast reconstruction (IBBR) is the most common – forms a core part of surgical management of breast cancer. More recently, pre-pectoral IBBR has become common as technology and operative techniques have evolved. Many surgeons use acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in reconstruction however there is little evidence in literature that this improves surgical outcomes. This review will assess available evidence for surgical outcomes for breast reconstructions using ADM versus non-use of ADM.

Methods
A database search was performed of Ovid Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2012–2022). Studies were screened using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Risk of Bias was assessed using the Newcastle Ottawa scale and ROBIS tools. Analysis and meta-analysis were performed.

Results
This review included 22 studies (3822 breast reconstructions). No significant difference between overall complications and failure rates between ADM and non-ADM use was demonstrated. Capsular contracture, wound dehiscence and implant rippling had significant differences however these results demonstrated high heterogeneity thus wider generalisation may be inaccurate. Patient quality of life scores were not recorded consistently or comparably between papers.

Conclusions
This review suggests a lack of significant differences in most complications between ADM use and non-use for pre-pectoral IBBR. If no increase in complications exists between groups, this has significant implications for surgical and legislative decision-making. There is, however, inadequate evidence available on the topic and further research is required.
Digital self-presentation and adolescent mental health: Cross-sectional and longitudinal insights from the “LifeOnSoMe”-study
Authors: Hjetland Gunnhild Johnsen , Finserås Turi Reiten , Sivertsen Børge , Colman Ian , Hella Randi Træland , Andersen Amanda Iselin Olesen , Skogen Jens Christoffer 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The intensive use of social media among adolescents has caused concern about its impact on their mental health, but studies show that social media use is linked to both better and worse mental health. These seemingly contradictory findings may result from the diverse motivations, interactions, and experiences related to social media use, and studies investigating specific facets of social media use in relation to mental health and well-being, beyond general usage metrics, have been called for. Aspects of self-presentation on social media, such as feedback-seeking and upwards social comparison have been linked to worse mental health, however, there is a need for more studies exploring the relationship between self-presentation on social media and adolescent mental health over time.

Aim
The aim of this study was to explore the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between aspects of self-presentation and depression, anxiety, and well-being among adolescents.

Methods
This study utilised both cross-sectional and longitudinal datasets from the LifeOnSoMe-study, comprising 3,424 and 439 participants, respectively (OSF preregistration https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/BVPS8). Latent Class Analysis (LCA) was used to identify similar response patterns within the Self-Presentation and Upwards Social Comparison Inclination Scale (SPAUSCIS). Regression models and first differencing methods were applied to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between focus on self-presentation and mental health and well-being among adolescents.

Results
A strong emphasis on self-presentation was linked to increased levels of depression and anxiety in both males and females, and reduced well-being in females when compared to those with lower or intermediate self-presentation focus. The effect sizes ranged from small to medium. Furthermore, an escalation in self-presentation focus over time was associated with a slight increase in symptoms of anxiety and depression; however, the association with well-being did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion
The results of the present study suggest that a heightened focus on self-presentation, which includes behaviours such as seeking feedback, employing strategic self-presentation tactics, and engaging in upward social comparisons, is associated with an elevated risk of reduced mental health.
Association of changes and cumulative measures of triglyceride-glucose index-body mass index with hypertension risk: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Yan Jiamin , Zhang Min-zhe , He Qi-qiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
To investigate the relationships of the dynamic changes in triglyceride glucose index-body mass index (TyG‑BMI) and cumulative TyG-BMI with the risk of hypertension among middle-aged and elderly Chinese.

Methods
Data were used from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Participants who participated in the baseline study (2011–2012) and in subsequent surveys (2015–2018) were included in this study. The primary exposures were changes in TyG-BMI and cumulative TyG-BMI from 2012 to 2015. Changes in TyG-BMI were categorized using k-means clustering methods, while cumulative TyG-BMI was categorized into quartiles. Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to examine the association between changes in TyG-BMI and cumulative TyG-BMI with the incidence of hypertension. Linear regression analyzes were performed to examine the association between changes in TyG-BMI and cumulative TyG-BMI with cumulative systolic blood pressure (SBP) and cumulative diastolic blood pressure (DBP).

Results
Of a total of 2,561 participants aged 56.93 ± 8.08 years old at baseline, 253 individuals (9.9%) developed hypertension during the 7-year follow-up period. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for hypertension were 1.50 (1.10–2.03) for class 2 (persistently medium class) and 2.35 (1.61–3.42) for class 3 (persistently high class), compared to class 1 (persistently low class). Additionally, class 2 showed increases of 7.70 mmHg (95% CI: 5.18–10.21) in cumulative SBP and 6.53 mmHg (95% CI: 4.68–8.38) in cumulative DBP, while class 3 exhibited increases of 14.10 mmHg (95% CI: 10.56–17.64) in cumulative SBP and 12.64 mmHg (95% CI: 10.03–15.25) in cumulative DBP, compared with class 1. Regarding cumulative TyG-BMI, the HR for hypertension were 1.75 (95% CI: 1.18–2.59) for quartile 3 and 2.15 (95% CI: 1.43–3.23) for quartile 4, compared with quartile 1. In quartile 2, cumulative SBP increased by 3.99 mmHg (95% CI: 0.88–7.11) and cumulative DBP by 2.74 mmHg (95% CI: 0.45–5.02). Quartile 3 showed increases of 8.32 mmHg (95% CI: 5.09–11.54) in cumulative SBP and 7.13 mmHg (95% CI: 4.76–9.49) in cumulative DBP. Quartile 4 exhibited the highest increases, with cumulative SBP rising by 13.15 mmHg (95% CI: 9.70–16.60) and cumulative DBP by 12.20 mmHg (95% CI: 9.67–14.74). Furthermore, a linear relationship was observed between cumulative TyG-BMI and the risk of hypertension.

Conclusions
Changes in TyG-BMI and cumulative TyG-BMI were associated with an increased risk of hypertension, as well as higher cumulative SBP and DBP in Chinese middle-aged and elderly population.
Orange peel-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles with antioxidant and antitumor activities
Authors: Mickky Bardees , Elsaka Heba , Abbas Muhammad , Gebreil Ahmed , Shams Eldeen Reham 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOrange (Citrus sinensis L.) is a common fruit crop widely distributed worldwide with the peel of its fruits representing about 50% of fruit mass. In the current study, orange peel was employed to mediate the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in a low-cost green approach. Aqueous extracts of suitably-processed peel were prepared using different extraction methods; and their phytochemical profile was identified. Based on phytochemical screening, amount of main phytochemicals, free radical-scavenging ability, reducing power and antioxidant activity, the peel extract prepared by boiling seemed to be the most promising. Thus, major compounds of this extract were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Potency of the peel extract to mediate the synthesis of AgNPs was then monitored by visual observation, UV-visible spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy and zetametry. Color change of the reaction mixture to brown and absorption peak at 450 nm indicated AgNPs formation. Characterization of AgNPs revealed spherical shape, size of 30–40 nm, zeta potential of -18.2 mV and yield conversion of 82%. The as-synthesized AgNPs had antioxidant capacity (free radical-scavenging ability, reducing power and antioxidant activity) lower than that of the orange peel extract. However, these biogenic AgNPs had antitumor activity (IC50 of 16 ppm against HCT-116 and 1.6 ppm against HepG2 cell lines) much higher than the peel extract that was completely non-toxic to the considered cell lines.