bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study the effect of different shades and thickness on surface hardness of light cure composite restoration (A Comparative In Vitro Study)
Authors: Hanna Bassam , Salahaldeen Miwan , Mustafa Tavga 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: Study performed to determined the effect of cavity depth & shade of composite on surface microhardness of the restoration.
Materials and Methods: Eighty cylindrical specimens were prepared, (Group R) 40 specimens of Nano filled composanceram, divided into four subgroups(R1,2.5 mm,A1shade / R2, 2.5mm, C2 shade / R3,4.5mm, A1shade / R4, 4.5mm, C2shade). And (Group E) 40specimens of Micro hybrid, 3G SDI, divided into four subgroups as the same as first group. After curing with visible light cure 230v/50Hz, output 470 nm, measuring the Vicker Hardness number of top and bottom surface of each specimen, then analyzed by Student t-test.
Results: Showed highly significant in difference in relation between top and bottom surfaces for all subgroups,and also there was highly significant indifference in relation to different types of composite, while there was non-significant indifference in relation to difference in shade in case of thin thickness, while it was significant in difference in case of thick thickness of specimens.
Conclusions: In case of deep cavity it wise to use thinner composite increments to improve polymerization and should avoid thicker increment especially in a dark shade of composite.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of ozonated water on the sanitization of endodontic files contaminated with C. Albicans
Authors: Saeed Niaz , Fattah Chiman , Amin Kawa , Kadir Shakhawan 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 0.5 ppm ozonated water in the elimination of Candida albicans, from endodontic files.
Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 20 K-files, 21 mm long and of size 25. Of these, five files were taken as a control group, and the remaining 15 files were divided into three groups of 5 files each and they were tested for the efficacy of sanitization with different disinfecting material: sodium hypochlorite alone, sodium hypochlorite followed by ozonated water and ozonated water alone. From the prepared sample of C.albicans, the 20 K-files were contaminated.
Results: Antimicrobial effectiveness was evaluated by the reduction of microbial counts. Incomplete disinfection of ozonated water up to 20% was observed (%80 sterilization).
Conclusions: The results showed that disinfecting and exposing to ozonated water alone cannot give complete sterilization. Sodium hypochlorite followed by ozonated water can be used as an alternative method for using ozonated water alone.
Influence of prefabricated post screw head design on the stress pattern in the core and crown. Finite element stress analysis study
Authors: Al-Zahawi Abdulsalam 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: This study evaluated the influence of dental post head design on the stress distribution in the core and crown structure as an in vitro study.
Materials and Methods: 3D finite element model prepared for three different stainless steel post head designs (rectangular with sharp line angle (A), rectangular with fillet line angle (B), and post with round head (C), inserted in single rooted tooth and retained the composite core and zircon crown. Two configurations of load (100) Newten were applied vertically (V) and lateral oblique (LO) on the occlusal surface of the crown. The results were analyzed and the maximum Von Mises stress option of the stress analysis, at the core and crown parts were compared.
Results: The results shown that the Maximum Von Mises stresses value in design A (45.58, 186.16) MPa, design B (44.48, 183.71) MPa and design C (29.31, 12984) under V load and LO load in sequence. The maximum Von Mises stress location was at the cervical margin of the crown, in design A and B, while located at the top surface of the core for design C under both load configurations. The stresses were concentrated at the top surface of the core in designs A and B, whereas, the stress pattern distributed uniformly in the core structure for design C.
Conclusions: The round post screw head design produces more benign stress distribution under different occlusal load compared with rectangular shape particularly at the crown margin.
A correlation between human ABO phenotypes and periodontal status
Authors: Rashed Harem , Zardawi Faraedon 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: To investigate the frequency of periodontal diseases among ABO blood groups and the Rh factors.
Materials and Methods: the double-blind cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 systemically healthy subjects (90) males and (110) females, were examined at the Department of Periodontics – School of Dentistry – University of Sulaimani. The sample was divided into 3 groups – control (healthy) group, gingivitis group and periodontitis group according to plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment loss, then participants examined for their blood phenotypes and a correlation among the obtained data was formulated using SPSS 17.0 software.
Results: Results of this study revealed high incidence of periodontitis and gingivitis among (O) and (A) group subjects compared to (B) and (AB) subjects, whereas no significant relation was detected between Rhesus (Rh) factors and periodontal lesions.
Conclusions: A positive correlation was detected between (A) and (O) blood groups and frequency of periodontal lesions, this correlation could be employed as a risk marker for early detection of susceptible subjects to periodontitis.
Age changes in the position of mandibular foramen related to the occlusal plane and other mandibular parameters on orthopantomograms among 7-11 years old ages among Sulaimani children
Authors: Mohammed Dler 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: Main objective of this study was to estimate gender and age changes in the position of MF in relation to the occlusal plane among boys and girls aged 7 to 11 years old, also to record the distance between MF with each of the anterior border of ramus (AB), posterior border of ramus (PB), and the inferior border of ramus (IB) near the mandibular angle. Another aim was to find a correlation between the gonial angle (GA) and other mandibular ramus parameters.
Materials and Methods: 200 normal panoramic radiographs belong to 100 boys and 100 girls between 7-11 years old age, were included in this study. Radiographs collected from different sources. Seven points; four planes; four lines; and one angle were traced on the right side of the radiographs. AutoCAD and Photoshop programs were used to measure distances from MF to each of the occlusal planes; AB; PB, and IB. also GA were measured. These measuring were assessed and compared in different age and sex groups to determine the relative position of MF to the occlusal plane and other parameters.
Results: These results showed statistically significant increasing in all parameters in relation to the aging process and both sexes (P value<0.5). Boys had higher measurements than girls in all parameters except for the distance between MF and occlusal plane. GA showed a negative correlation with aging in both sexes.
Conclusions: It is concluded that IANB anesthesia is well done if the dental needle inserted below and above the occlusal plane in 7-9 and 10-11 years old boys respectively. While it should be inserted below and above the occlusal plane in 7-8 and 9-11 years old girls respectively. GA has a negative correlation with the occlusal plane and other mandibular parameters (P value<0.5). The relation between MF distance to other mandibular parameters and with advancing age in both sexes were statistically significant (P value<0.5).
The selection of maxillary anterior teeth width in relation to facial measurements
Authors: Miran Faraidoon , Muhamad Shayda 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: This clinical study was carried out to determine the relationships between maxillary anterior teeth width [canine arc distance, central incisor width], and certain horizontal facial parameters which include: [(Interzygomatic, inner and outer canthus and interpupillary) distances, and (interalar, mouth and philtrum of upper lip) widths], to be used as a guide to selection of the maxillary anterior teeth width.
Materials and Methods: The facial measurements were taken directly from (60) under-graduate students in age range (19-24) years old by using an electronic digital vernier caliper. While canine arc distance and central incisor width were measured indirectly on the casts made from impressions of the selected subjects using flexible millimeter ruler. The collected data were analyzed and correlated using statistical package SPSS version 20.
Results: The mean value of all the parameters measured were significantly higher in males than female, for male just a significant correlation was found between canine arc distance and mouth width, CARCD =0.994×MW, while for females significant correlation was found between canine arc distance mouth width, inner and outer canthal distance, and interpupillary distance, but the most significance relation was with the mouth width, CARCD=1.036×MW, and central incisor width was significantly correlated with, mouth width, CIW = MW ÷6.15, CIW = MW ×0.16.
Conclusions: This study demonstrated that certain horizontal facial parameters could be used as a guide in maxillary anterior teeth width selection to achieve an optimal esthetic result for each gender.
Complete edentulism and related factors among patients visiting prosthodontics department clinic of School of Dentistry - University of Sulaimani
Authors: Othman Kawan , Abdullah Dana , Muhhamad Kamil 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of complete edentulism and associated factors among patients visiting prosthodontics department clinic of School of dentistry Sulaimani University, in order to plan for future oral health care provisions for the society, collecting epidemiological data on oral health particularly related to prosthodontics and its related issues.
Materials and Methods: The samples comprised 280 completely edentulous patients, who attended University of Sulaimani School of dentistry prosthodontics department clinic, patients questioner filled out which covered their age, gender, reasons for edentulousness, medical history, and presence of previous denture and the reason of not using it. The patients were divided in to four age groups; Group I (40-49) years, Group II (50-59) years, Group III (60-69) years, and Group IV 70 years and above. The relationship between the variables were investigated then evaluated.
Results: The results showed that 155 (55.4%) of the patients were males and 125 (44.6%) of the patients were females. The majority of the patients were from age group III (60-69) years, while minority of the patient were from age Group I (40-49). Tooth decay was the major cause of edentulousness (75.4%), while periodontitis constitutes only (24.65) of the cases. Among the total number of participants only (35%) of them were have systemic problems, 61.2% suffered from hypertension, 29.6% were diabetic, and only 9.2% of the patients have cardiovascular problem. Finally, the results revealed that from 280 patients 164 (58.6 %) have previous dentures, poor retention (48.2%), fracture (31.7), tooth wear (12.2%), discomfort (4.2%), and stability (3.7%); were the reason of not using these dentures.
Conclusions: An effective relationship between age, gender, tooth decay, periodontal disease, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease with edentulism is present.
Comparison of predominant cultivable microflora on acrylic denture base resin cured by two different techniques
Authors: Al-Kaisy Neda , Salem Salem , Al-Zubaidy Tarik 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: To characterize the prevalence of normal microorganisms on complete upper dentures on successive weeks after insertion reaching a stable condition. Also, to find out the effect of the microwave curing system on the periodic microbiological growth on complete upper dentures and compare them with the results obtained from the water-bath curing method.
Materials and Methods: Ten healthy fully edentulous patients were selected. A comparative micro flora on acrylic resin samples cured by two ways: the water-bath curing method and microwave curing energy. The samples fixed in the fitting surface of complete upper denture. The micro flora were studied during four experimental periods starting from zero time, the time just before the insertion of new complete dentures till the 6th week of denture insertion. The data were analyzed using SPSS software with T-test, and the differences were considered statistically significant at P<0.05.
Results: Various microorganism species isolated from both samples, include streptococci, staphylococci, Gram-positive rods, Gram-negative rods and cocci.
The microwave samples appeared to support significantly more aerobic Gram-positive rods and anaerobic Gram-negative rods, but less aerobic and anaerobic streptococci, Gram-negative cocci, and aerobic staphylococci. No candida growth could be identified before and after denture insertion. In spite of oscillate population of the bacteria, it has been noted it tends to stabilize on two subjects at the 10th week.
Conclusions: It was difficult to decide which one of the either methods of curing acrylic resin is better in harboring fewer microorganisms. The number of both aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms significantly increased as the period of wearing denture is prolonged. Early plaque contains different kinds of bacteria; the majority was Gram-positive rods. No candida growth was detected.
Modified Flap Design for Lower Third Molar Surgery: A Short Patient-based Outcome Comparative Study
Authors: Alhamdani Faaiz , Raheem Athil , Kamal Basma 
Published: August 2017

Objectives: to compare the influence of a newly suggest modified flap design on pain and swelling with the traditional two sided flap.
Materials and Methods: Patients were divided into two groups: conventional approach (control) group (n=42) and modified approach (experimental) group (n=41). Pain and swelling were evaluated for the first three postoperative days using 10 cm visual analogue scales. Presence of dry socket was documented in the 7th postoperative day.
Results: There was statistically significant difference on the third postoperative day (p <0.05) in the mean pain score between the two surgical groups. The mean score of swelling in conventional group
was slightly higher than the modified approach (p<0.05) in the first and the third post operative days. The incidence of dry socket in the modified approach was significantly less than conventional approach group (p <0.001).
Conclusions: The modified flap design has a relative advantage over the conventional two sided buccal approach in terms of postoperative pain, swelling and dry socket incidence.
Impact of chronic oral mucosal diseases on quality of life in Kurdish patients, Preliminary observations in Sulaimani city
Authors: Garib Balkees , Gaphor Shanaz , Jamil Mustafa 
Published: August 2017

Chronic oral mucosa disorders are often recurrent or painful with a long standing course that affects the quality of patients’ life. Scoring such effect with a predominance of oral health– specific quality-of-life measures currently used to a limited extent in oral medicine practice.
Objectives: to measure the impact of chronic oral mucosal diseases on quality of life in Kurdish patients. Evaluate the efficacy of the discipline-specific quality-of-life measure developed in the field of oral medicine.
Patients and Methods: Fifty patients with different chronic oral mucosal diseases participated in this study and filled the questionnaire.
Results: The quality-of-life mean score significantly differed among various chronic oral mucosal diseases. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in medication nor patient support. Behçet’s disease had the highest value (3.36). They had a significantly high score for pain, functional limitation, social and emotional domains. Positive, simple–count score was only significantly differentiating between recurrent aphthous ulceration and recurrent herpes labialis (24 versus 9.62). Chronic oral mucosal diseased patients have moderate difficulty in carrying out daily oral hygiene (mean score 2.34). They felt discomfort with certain food features (mean score 2.02). Also, they were not satisfied with their treatment (mean score 2.5) and were worry from no curing (mean score 2.09). They had bothering from the unpredictability of their oral condition (mean score 2.04). They were moderately satisfied with the level of support and understanding shown to them by family (mean score 2.2). Fortunately, chronic oral mucosal diseases did not disrupt their social activities and did not hold them to the feeling of isolation (mean score 0.98 and 0.74 respectively).
Conclusion: Dentists should pay particular attention to mucosal-diseased patients because they are likely to experience oral impacts on daily performances. They should also consider the 26 questions included in the chronic OMD-QOL system for better understanding those patients’ need.
A randomized prospective comparative study of laparoscopic appendicectomy versus open appendicectomy
Authors: Bajwa Rajbir Singh , Brar Navjot 
Published: August 2017

Background: Acute appendicitis is the most frequent cause of persisting progressive abdominal pain in all ages. However, there is no way to prevent the development of appendicitis, the only way to reduce the morbidity and to prevent the development of appendicitis, is to perform appendicectomy before perforation or gangrene has occurred. In this study, we have done a randomized, prospective comparative study of laparoscopic appendicectomy versus open appendicectomy in the Department of Surgery, Sri Guru Ramdas Hospital and Research Institute, Sri Amritsar from August 2014 to December 2016 a period of two years and four months.Methods: This prospective randomized controlled study was carried out in the department of General Surgery. The total population group included 144 patients with a mean age of 39 years (Age group between 18-60 years). Patients between 18 years and 60 years of age were candidates for randomization. The study was carried out as an open randomized single centre study.Results: In the present study patients were not blinded to the surgical technique employed but were equally informed to resume normal activity and work as soon as possible at their discretion. The results show that time to return to heavy work was significantly reduced by the laparoscopic approach. Less pain in the post-operative period was the major contributing factor. In the present study, laparoscopic appendicectomy was associated with improved cosmesis when compared with open appendicectomy (P <0.01).Conclusions: Laparoscopic appendicectomy is a safe procedure with lower morbidity it is also an excellent training tool in laparoscopic technique and with sufficient experience takes no longer than open appendicectomy.
Profile of congenital malformations in a tertiary care level neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Tirumani Hima Bindu , Khatija Shafia 
Published: August 2017

Background: Congenital malformations are important causes of infant and childhood deaths, chronic illness and disability.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over a period of one year in Princess Esra Hospital, a tertiary level neonatal intensive care unit, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India. All new-borns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit over a period of 1 year from June 2014 to June 2015 were included in the study.Results: The incidence of congenital malformations (CMF) in the present study is 3%. Among the major congenital malformations, the central nervous system (CNS) and gastrointestinal (GI) malformations were more frequent than others contributing to 28.9% each. The male neonates were more frequently involved than females. Association of low birth and prematurity with increased risk of congenital malformations is also documented.Conclusions: Early prenatal diagnosis and management of common anomalies is strongly recommended.
Management of pterygium in a case of post radial keratotomy
Authors: Srirampur Arjun , Kalwad Anupama , Amula Ganga Prasad , Agraharam Satish 
Published: August 2017

<p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-IN">This study is a case of post radial keratotomy who underwent pterygium excision and its management</span>. <span lang="EN-IN">A 44 old high myope who underwent radial keratotomy more than a decade earlier underwent pterygium excision and conjunctval autograft. 6 months follow-up showed no recurrence of pterygium and improvement in corneal irregulalrity</span>. <span lang="EN-IN">Careful and meticulous dissection of pterygium over keratotomy wounds helps in prevention seroius complications during surgery. </span></p>
Peran Strategis Guru Mentor Dalam Program Pengalaman Lapangan [The Strategic Role of the Teacher Mentor in a Field Experience Program]
Authors: Sitompul Lastiar Roselyna 
Published: August 2017

<p class="Abstrak">The field experience is an important aspect of a student's academic program in improving the quality of a graduate of a teacher education program. The mentor teacher has a strategic role in developing students' competence to be a professional teacher. To know the mentor teacher's role and the process of guidance during the field experience program, student teachers need to observe, interview and make a portfolio. The results of the study indicates that there are obstacles in the field supervision process such as the limited opportunities for guidance because of the many duties that must be done by the mentor teachers. It is hoped that this article will provide advice to the Teachers College as the organizer of the field experience program to improve the socialization of the role of mentor teachers in schools where field experience programs are held, so that such programs will be more effective in achieving the expected goals.</p><p class="Abstrak">BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK: Program pengalaman lapangan (PPL) adalah salah satu program mata kuliah yang berorientasi pada pengalaman mengajar di lapangan yang sangat penting dalam meningkatkan mutu seorang lulusan fakultas ilmu pendidikan. Guru mentor mempunyai peran strategis dalam mengembangkan kemampuan kompetensi mahasiswa guru untuk siap menjadi seorang guru yang profesional. Untuk mengetahui peran dan proses pembimbingan selama program pengalaman lapangan dilakukan penelitian deskriptif melalui observasi dan wawancara serta menggunakan dokumen portofolio mahasiswa<em> </em>PPL. Hasil observasi menunjukkan ditemukan kendala-kendala dalam proses pembimbingan di lapangan seperti terbatasnya kesempatan bimbingan oleh karena tugas dan kewajiban yang lain yang harus dikerjakan para guru mentor. Diharapkan melalui artikel ini <em>Teachers College </em> sebagai penyelenggara program pengalaman lapangan lebih meningkatkan sosialisasi peran guru mentor di sekolah-sekolah tempat diadakannya program pengalaman lapangan, sehingga semakin efektif untuk mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan.</p>