bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy change and Landauer’s principle in the interaction between qubit and quantum field theory
Authors: Xu Hao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe give a general description of the system evolution under the interaction between qubit and quantum field theory up to the second order perturbation, which is also referred to as the simplified model of light-matter interaction. The results are classified into rotating and counter-rotating wave terms, the former corresponding to stimulated absorption and emission, and the latter to Unruh and anti-Unruh effects. We obtain not only the reduced density matrix of the qubit, but also the backreaction obtained by quantum field theory as the environment. The result shows that the energy variation of the quantum field theory is related to trajectory and the initial state of the qubit, the expectation values of the linear and quadratic field operators, and the temporal order product operator. When the qubit is in accelerated motion, the conventional Unruh effect causes the vacuum state to possess a “temperature”, which raises some doubts about the validity of Landauer’s principle. We prove that Landauer’s principle still holds for any state of motion.
Bi-objective Optimization in Role Mining
Authors: Crampton Jason , Eiben Eduard , Gutin Gregory , Karapetyan Daniel , Majumdar Diptapriyo 
Published: October 2024

Role mining is a technique that is used to derive a role-based authorization policy from an existing policy. Given a set of users
U
, a set of permissions
P
, and a user–permission authorization relation

\(\mathit {UPA} \subseteq U \times P\)

, a role mining algorithm seeks to compute a set of roles
R
, a user–role authorization relation

\(\mathit {UA} \subseteq U \times R\)

, and a permission–role authorization relation

\(\mathit {PA} \subseteq R \times P\)

, such that the composition of
UA
and
PA
is close (in some appropriate sense) to
UPA
. Role mining is therefore a core problem in the specification of role-based authorization policies. Role mining is known to be hard in general and exact solutions are often impossible to obtain, so there exists an extensive literature on variants of the role mining problem that seek to find approximate solutions and algorithms that use heuristics to find reasonable solutions efficiently.

In this article, we first introduce the
Generalized Noise Role Mining
problem (GNRM)—a generalization of the
MinNoise Role Mining
problem—which we believe has considerable practical relevance. In particular, GNRM can produce “security-aware” or “availability-aware” solutions. Extending the work of Fomin et al., we show that GNRM is fixed parameter tractable, with parameter

\(r + k\)

, where

\(r\)

is the number of roles in the solution and

\(k\)

is the number of discrepancies between

\(\mathit {UPA}\)

and the relation defined by the composition of

\(\mathit {UA}\)

and

\(\mathit {PA}\)

. We further introduce a bi-objective optimization variant of GNRM, where we wish to minimize both

\(r\)

and

\(k\)

subject to upper bounds

\(r \le \bar{r}\)

and

\(k\le \bar{k}\)

, where

\(\bar{r}\)

and

\(\bar{k}\)

are constants. We show that the Pareto front of this bi-objective optimization problem (BO-GNRM) can be computed in fixed-parameter tractable time with parameter

\(\bar{r} +\bar{k}\)

. From a practical perspective, a solution to BO-GNRM gives security managers the opportunity to identify a mined policy offering the best tradeoff between the number of policy discrepancies and the number of roles.

We then report the results of our experimental work using the integer programming solver Gurobi to solve instances of BO-GNRM. Our key findings are that (a) we obtained strong support that Gurobi’s performance is fixed-parameter tractable, and (b) our results suggest that our techniques may be useful for role mining in practice, based on our experiments in the context of three well-known real-world authorization policies. We observed that, in many cases, our solver is capable of obtaining optimal solutions when the values of either
k
or
r
are small.
Does Postgraduate Education Deepen Temporomandibular Disorders Insights for Dental Professionals?
Authors: Liu Zejin , Xiang Jie , Liu Yi , Zhou Xueman , Yi Yating , Wang Jun , Xiong Xin 
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aims to investigate the impact of postgraduate education on the comprehension of Temporomandibular Disorders (TMDs) among dental professionals.Methods: A cross‐sectional observational study was conducted, involving 348 dental professionals, including students and practicing dentists, categorized based on their educational background into two groups: bachelor’s degree or lower (Group B) and master’s degree or higher (Group M). Questionnaires were utilized to assess attitudes and knowledge across four TMDs‐related domains. Statistical analysis was performed to compare responses between groups and identify differences in TMDs comprehension.Results: Among the 348 respondents, who participated in the study, 183 were students and 165 were practicing dentists, yielding a response rate of 79% (348/440). In the dentist group, 11 statements across every TMDs‐related domain exhibited statistically significant differences in responses between Group B and Group M (p < 0.05). Only 2 responses from Group M conflicted with the standard answers, whereas Group B had 9 conflicting responses. In the student group, 11 statements also showed statistically significant differences between Group B and Group M (p < 0.05). Group M had no conflicting responses with the standard answers, while Group B had 7 conflicting responses.Conclusions: Postgraduate education deepened dental professionals’ understanding of TMDs. Students improved more in the domains of “diagnosis” and “treatment and prognosis,” whereas practicing dentists enhanced more in the “etiology” domain. To further advance postgraduate education, there is a need for more systematic course designs for TMDs, emphasizing the enhancement of knowledge related to examination methods and treatment options.
Individual and Contextual Factors Associated With the Prevention of Corruption: A Qualitative Study Among Iranian Public Employees
Authors: Zandi Saeid , Esmaeili Masoumeh , Farahbakhsh Kumars 
Published: October 2024

Background: Little research has been done to identify the individual‐level factors contributing to the prevention of administrative corruption. Specifically, Iranian public employees are an understudied population in terms of individual and contextual factors that contribute to the prevention of administrative corruption. This study aimed to identify the perception of public servants about the psychosocial factors that facilitate the prevention of corruption.Method: Data were collected using semistructured interviews with 14 individuals working in public sector departments or agencies in Tehran.Results: Six main themes emerged from the data: cognitive characteristics (including “detachment‐promoting thoughts and beliefs” and “consequence‐focused thoughts and beliefs”), emotional patterns (including “deterrent negative emotions” and “deterrent positive emotions”), personality characteristics (including “self‐oriented conservative personality traits” and “other‐oriented prosocial personality traits”), behavioral strategies (including “need‐fulfillment strategies” and “self‐care strategies”), familial background (including “growing up in a rule‐oriented and value‐oriented family” and “living with an honest and supportive spouse”), and organizational context (including “employee monitoring” and “rule‐based and ethical space of the organization”).Conclusion: The study reveals some psychological and contextual factors that could be involved in preventing administrative corruption in Iran. These factors can be taken into consideration when designing preventive measures and policies aimed at reducing corrupt behaviors in public agents and promoting ethics in public service.
Characterization of the Biological Variability of the Angiome Biomarkers over Time in Healthy Participants
Authors: Liu Yingmiao , Li Jiatong , Lyu Jing , Howard Lauren E. , Sibley Alexander B. , Starr Mark D. , Brady John C. , Arrowood Christy , Kohn Elise C. , Ivy S. Percy , Hurwitz Herbert I. , Abbruzzese James L. , Owzar Kouros , Nixon Andrew B. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Biomarker analyses are an integral part of cancer research. Despite the intense efforts to identify and characterize biomarkers in patients with cancer, little is known regarding the natural variation of biomarkers in healthy populations. Here we conducted a clinical study to evaluate the natural variability of biomarkers over time in healthy participants.

Methods:
The angiome multiplex array, a panel of 25 circulating protein biomarkers, was assessed in 28 healthy participants across eight timepoints over the span of 60 days. We utilized the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to quantify the reliability of the biomarkers. Adjusted ICC values were calculated under the framework of a linear mixed-effects model, taking into consideration age, sex, body mass index, fasting status, and sampling factors.

Results:
ICC was calculated to determine the reliability of each biomarker. Hepatocyte growth factor was the most stable marker (ICC = 0.973), while platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB was the most variable marker (ICC = 0.167). In total, ICC analyses revealed that 22 out of 25 measured biomarkers display good (≥0.4) to excellent (&gt;0.75) ICC values. Three markers (PDGF-BB, TGFβ1, PDGF-AA) had ICC values &lt;0.4. Greater age was associated with higher IL6 (P = 0.0114). Higher body mass index was associated with higher levels of IL6 (P = 0.0003) and VEGF-R3 (P = 0.0045).

Conclusions:
Of the 25 protein biomarkers measured over this short time period, 22 markers were found to have good or excellent ICC values, providing additional validation for this biomarker assay.

Impact:
These data further support the validation of the angiome biomarker assay and its application as an integrated biomarker in clinical trial testing.
Biomarkers Suitable for Early Detection of Intrathoracic Cancers in Primary Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hamad Wasim , Grigore Bogdan , Walford Hugo , Peters Jaime , Alexandris Panos , Bonfield Stefanie , Standen Laura , Boscott Rachel , Behiyat Dawnya , Kuhn Isla , Neal Richard D. , Walter Fiona M. , Calanzani Natalia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Intrathoracic cancers, including lung cancer, mesothelioma, and thymoma, present diagnostic challenges in primary care. Biomarkers could resolve some challenges. We synthesized evidence on biomarker performance for intrathoracic cancer detection in low-prevalence settings. A search in Embase and MEDLINE included studies that recruited participants with suspected intrathoracic cancer and reported on at least one diagnostic measure for a validated, noninvasive biomarker. Studies were excluded if participants were recruited based on a preestablished diagnosis. A total of 52 studies were included, reporting on 108 individual biomarkers and panels. Carcinoembryonic antigen, CYFRA 21-1, and VEGF were evaluated for lung cancer and mesothelioma. For lung cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen and CYFRA 21-1 were the most studied, with AUCs of 0.48 to –0.90 and 0.48 to –0.83, respectively. Pro–gastrin-releasing peptide (Pro-GRP) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) had the highest negative predictive values (NPV) (98.2% and 96.9%, respectively), whereas Early Cancer Detection Test - Lung (Early CDT) and miRNA signature classifier panels showed NPVs of 99.3% and 99.0%, respectively, in smokers. For mesothelioma, fibrillin-3 and mesothelin plus osteopontin had AUCs of 0.93 and 0.91, respectively. Thymoma panels (binding AcHR + StrAb and binding AcHR + modulating AcHR + StrAb) had 100% NPVs in patients with myasthenia gravis. The review highlights the performance of some biomarkers. However, few were evaluated in low-prevalence settings. Further evaluation is necessary before implementing these biomarkers for intrathoracic cancers in primary care.
DICER1-Related Tumor Predisposition: Identification of At-risk Individuals and Recommended Surveillance Strategies
Authors: Schultz Kris Ann P. , Nelson Alexander T. , Mallinger Paige H. R. , Harris Anne K. , Kamihara Junne , Baldinger Shari , Chen Kenneth S. , Pond Dinel , Hatton Jessica N. , Dybvik Anna G. , Mitchell Sarah G. , Perrino Melissa R. , Ben-Ami Tal , Kachanov Denis , Su Yan , Duan Chao , Olson Damon R. , Watson Dave , Field Amanda L. , Harney Laura A. , Garrity Carr Ann , Frazier A. Lindsay , Schneider Dominik T. , Wilson David B. , MacFarland Suzanne P. , Schoettler Peter J. , Bauer Andrew J. , Dehner Louis P. , Hill Dana Ashley , Stewart Douglas R. , Messinger Yoav H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
DICER1-related tumor predisposition increases risk for a spectrum of benign and malignant tumors. In 2018, the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma (PPB)/DICER1 Registry published guidelines for testing- and imaging-based surveillance of individuals with a known or suspected germline DICER1 pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant. One of the goals of the Registry is to continue to refine these guidelines as additional data become available.

Experimental Design:
Individuals were enrolled in the International PPB/DICER1 Registry, the International Ovarian and Testicular Stromal Tumor Registry, and/or the NCI Natural History of DICER1 Syndrome study.

Results:
Review of participant records identified 713 participants with a germline DICER1 P/LP variant from 38 countries. To date, 5 cases of type I and 29 cases of type Ir PPB have been diagnosed by surveillance in enrolled individuals. One hundred and three individuals with a germline P/LP variant developed a primary ovarian Sertoli–Leydig cell tumor at a median age of 14 years (range: 11 months–66 years); 13% were diagnosed before 8 years of age, the current age of onset of pelvic surveillance. Additionally, 4% of Sertoli–Leydig cell tumors were diagnosed before 4 years of age.

Conclusions:
Ongoing data collection highlights the role of lung surveillance in the early detection of PPB and suggests that imaging-based detection and early resection may decrease the risk of advanced PPB. DICER1-related ovarian tumors were detected before 8 years of age, prompting the Registry to recommend earlier initiation of ovarian surveillance with pelvic ultrasound beginning at the time of detection of a germline DICER1 P/LP variant.
Spatial Multiomics Reveals Intratumoral Immune Heterogeneity with Distinct Cytokine Networks in Lung Cancer Brain Metastases
Authors: Christensson Gustav , Bocci Matteo , Kazi Julhash U. , Durand Geoffroy , Lanzing Gustav , Pietras Kristian , Gonzalez Velozo Hugo , Hagerling Catharina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The tumor microenvironment of brain metastases has become a focus in the development of immunotherapeutic drugs. However, countless patients with brain metastasis have not experienced clinical benefit. Thus, understanding the immune cell composition within brain metastases and how immune cells interact with each other and other microenvironmental cell types may be critical for optimizing immunotherapy. We applied spatial whole-transcriptomic profiling with extensive multiregional sampling (19–30 regions per sample) and multiplex IHC on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lung cancer brain metastasis samples. We performed deconvolution of gene expression data to infer the abundances of immune cell populations and inferred spatial relationships from the multiplex IHC data. We also described cytokine networks between immune and tumor cells and used a protein language model to predict drug–target interactions. Finally, we performed deconvolution of bulk RNA data to assess the prognostic significance of immune–metastatic tumor cellular networks. We show that immune cell infiltration has a negative prognostic role in lung cancer brain metastases. Our in-depth multiomics analyses further reveal recurring intratumoral immune heterogeneity and the segregation of myeloid and lymphoid cells into distinct compartments that may be influenced by distinct cytokine networks. By using computational modeling, we identify drugs that may target genes expressed in both tumor core and regions bordering immune infiltrates. Finally, we illustrate the potential negative prognostic role of our immune–metastatic tumor cell networks. Our findings advocate for a paradigm shift from focusing on individual genes or cell types toward targeting networks of immune and tumor cells.

Significance:
Immune cell signatures are conserved across lung cancer brain metastases, and immune–metastatic tumor cell networks have a prognostic effect, implying that targeting cytokine networks between immune and metastatic tumor cells may generate more precise immunotherapeutic approaches.
The impact of social media screen-exposure time on suicidal ideation among Pakistani adolescents
Authors: Alyas Mamoona , Mahesar Rameez Ali , Shoib Sheikh , Khan Muhammad Babar , Ali Syeda Ayat-e-Zainab , Ventriglio Antonio 
Published: October 2024

Background: Adolescence is a crucial life stage for the individual identity formation. The growing employment of social media and screen-exposure among teenagers and the concerning rise in suicide ideation rates in this susceptible group both suggested this study. Thus, we explored the association between adolescents’ suicidal ideation and their daily social media screen-exposure. Methods: We surveyed 502 students, aged 13 to 19 years old, recruited in colleges and universities of Punjab, Pakistan. The survey was based on a 28-item self-reported questionnaire and demographic data collection. Results: Approximately 40% of adolescents reporting suicidal ideation showed an extended social media screen-exposure, as well as significant depressive feelings and problematic personality traits. In particular, suicidal ideation increased by 0.39 for each one-unit increase in screen-exposure time and levels of depression increased by 0.21 times by unit of screen-exposure. The correlation coefficients further indicated a moderate positive association between depression and suicidal thoughts as well as personality traits played as mediators between social media screen-exposure time and suicidal ideation among adolescents. Conclusion: Our study found a positive association, even if modest, between the use of social media screens and suicidal ideation among adolescents. This evidence may suggest to adopt specific strategies to address the use of media among youths and prevent mental disorders related to the prolonged and inappropriate use of digital technologies in those users with a vulnerable personality.
Associations of diagnostic awareness with psychosocial symptoms and survival time in patients with advanced lung cancer
Authors: Abali Hulya , Onur Seda Tural , Baser Yusuf , Demir Dilara , Bicen Asli 
Published: October 2024

Objective Disclosing the diagnosis of lung cancer to patients is an issue, especially in the Middle East where cultural factors may prohibit disclosure from being done. The psychosocial consequences of diagnostic awareness and its impact on life expectancy of disclosure are an important issue that may influence this decision. The present study evaluated the effects of diagnostic awareness on psychosocial symptomatology and survival time in advanced lung cancer patients in Turkey. Methods This prospective cohort study included 126 advanced lung cancer patients admitted to the oncology department between February 2021 and August 2021. A face-to-face survey included questions on age, gender, marital/employment statuses, comorbidities, and psychological symptoms (SCL-90-R). Diagnostic awareness was assessed by asking patients whether they knew their diagnosis. The correlation of diagnostic awareness with 2-year survival time was analyzed using Cox regression analysis. Results Of the 126 patients, 86 died at the time of follow-up. Survival time and scores on SCL-90-R symptom subscales were compared between diagnosis-aware (79.4%) and diagnosis-unaware groups (20.6%). Somatization ( P = 0.04), depression ( P = 0.01), hostility ( P = 0.03), scores on additional symptom scales ( P = 0.01), and Positive Symptom Total scores ( P = 0.01) were significantly higher in the diagnosis-unaware group. No significant difference was found between diagnostic awareness and survival time ( P = 0.24). Conclusions Advanced lung cancer patients aware of their diagnosis experienced less psychosocial burden. However, no significant difference was found in survival time between diagnosis-aware and diagnosis-unaware patients. These findings suggest that the diagnosis should be disclosed to lung cancer patients after confirmation of diagnosis.
Factors associated with caregiver burden among family members of persons with schizophrenia in urban communities of China
Authors: Liang Fangling , Du Hui , Liu Xin , Zheng Mengyao , He Changjiu 
Published: October 2024

Objective Family caregivers bear a heavy burden while providing care for those with schizophrenia, and they frequently play an important role in this regard. The present study examined the degree of caregiver burden and characteristics related to it among family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia in Chinese urban settings. Methods Between August 2023 and June 2024, a cross-sectional study was conducted of 401 family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia living in metropolitan settings. The following measures were administered: the Zarit Burden interview (ZBI), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Linear regression analyses were used to identify independent correlates of caregiver burden. Results Family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia had an average ZBI score of 32.90(SD = 17.53) on a 0-88 scale, with the majority (80.0%) reporting moderate caregiver burden (scores of 21-39). The person with schizophrenia’s marital status (not married), impulsive or aggressive conduct in the previous year, the caregiver’s physical health (poor), and not having multiple caregivers were all independent correlates of caregiver burden. Conclusions Family caregivers of persons with schizophrenia experience a moderate level of caregiver burden. To lessen the psychological suffering of and strain on caregivers, it is important to intervene early on impulsive and aggressive conduct of persons with schizophrenia, effectively treat physical health problems of caregivers, and strengthen the social support system or otherwise provide assistance to those caring for persons with schizophrenia.