bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aberrant methylation ofPCDH10andRASSF1Agenes in blood samples for non-invasive diagnosis and prognostic assessment of gastric cancer
Authors: Pimson Charinya , Ekalaksananan Tipaya , Pientong Chamsai , Promthet Supannee , Putthanachote Nuntiput , Suwanrungruang Krittika , Wiangnon Surapon 
Published: June 2016

Background.Assessment of DNA methylation of specific genes is one approach to the diagnosis of cancer worldwide. Early stage detection is necessary to reduce the mortality rate of cancers, including those occurring in the stomach. For this purpose, tumor cells in circulating blood offer promising candidates for non-invasive diagnosis. Transcriptional inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, likePCDH10andRASSF1A, by methylation is associated with progression of gastric cancer, and such methylation can therefore be utilized as a biomarker.Methods.The present research was conducted to evaluate DNA methylation in these two genes using blood samples of gastric cancer cases. Clinicopathological data were also analyzed and cumulative survival rates generated for comparison.Results.High frequencies ofPCDH10andRASSF1Amethylations in the gastric cancer group were noted (94.1% and 83.2%, respectively, as compared to 2.97% and 5.45% in 202 matched controls). Most patients (53.4%) were in severe stage of the disease, with a median survival time of 8.4 months after diagnosis. Likewise, the patients with metastases, orRASSF1AandPCDH10methylations, had median survival times of 7.3, 7.8, and 8.4 months, respectively. A Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that cumulative survival was significantly lower in those cases positive for methylation ofRASSF1Athan in their negative counterparts. Similarly, whereas almost 100% of patients positive forPCDH10methylation had died after five years, none of the negative cases died over this period. Notably, the methylations ofRASSF1AandPCDH10were found to be higher in the late-stage patients and were also significantly correlated with metastasis and histology.Conclusions.PCDH10andRASSF1Amethylations in blood samples can serve as potential non-invasive diagnostic indicators in blood for gastric cancer. In addition toRASSF1Amethylation, tumor stage proved to be a major prognostic factor in terms of survival rates.
Quantifying uncertainty in Gulf of Mexico forecasts stemming from uncertain initial conditions
Authors: Iskandarani Mohamed , Le Hénaff Matthieu , Thacker William Carlisle , Srinivasan Ashwanth , Knio Omar M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPolynomial Chaos (PC) methods are used to quantify the impacts of initial conditions uncertainties on oceanic forecasts of the Gulf of Mexico circulation. Empirical Orthogonal Functions are used as initial conditions perturbations with their modal amplitudes considered as uniformly distributed uncertain random variables. These perturbations impact primarily the Loop Current system and several frontal eddies located in its vicinity. A small ensemble is used to sample the space of the modal amplitudes and to construct a surrogate for the evolution of the model predictions via a nonintrusive Galerkin projection. The analysis of the surrogate yields verification measures for the surrogate's reliability and statistical information for the model output. A variance analysis indicates that the sea surface height predictability in the vicinity of the Loop Current is limited to about 20 days.
Sources of Sahelian‐Sudan moisture: Insights from a moisture‐tracing atmospheric model
Authors: Salih Abubakr A. M. , Zhang Qiong , Pausata Francesco S. R. , Tjernström Michael 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe summer rainfall across Sahelian‐Sudan is one of the main sources of water for agriculture, human, and animal needs. However, the rainfall is characterized by large interannual variability, which has attracted extensive scientific efforts to understand it. This study attempts to identify the source regions that contribute to the Sahelian‐Sudan moisture budget during July through September. We have used an atmospheric general circulation model with an embedded moisture‐tracing module (Community Atmosphere Model version 3), forced by observed (1979–2013) sea‐surface temperatures. The result suggests that about 40% of the moisture comes with the moisture flow associated with the seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) and originates from Guinea Coast, central Africa, and the Western Sahel. The Mediterranean Sea, Arabian Peninsula, and South Indian Ocean regions account for 10.2%, 8.1%, and 6.4%, respectively. Local evaporation and the rest of the globe supply the region with 20.3% and 13.2%, respectively. We also compared the result from this study to a previous analysis that used the Lagrangian model FLEXPART forced by ERA‐Interim. The two approaches differ when comparing individual regions, but are in better agreement when neighboring regions of similar atmospheric flow features are grouped together. Interannual variability with the rainfall over the region is highly correlated with contributions from regions that are associated with the ITCZ movement, which is in turn linked to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Our result is expected to provide insights for the effort on seasonal forecasting of the rainy season over Sahelian Sudan.
A multiscale approach to determine hydraulic conductivity in thick claystone aquitards using field, laboratory, and numerical modeling methods
Authors: Smith L. A. , Barbour S. L. , Hendry M. J. , Novakowski K. , van der Kamp G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCharacterizing the hydraulic conductivity (K) of aquitards is difficult due to technical and logistical difficulties associated with field‐based methods as well as the cost and challenge of collecting representative and competent core samples for laboratory analysis. The objective of this study was to produce a multiscale comparison of vertical and horizontal hydraulic conductivity (Kv and Kh, respectively) of a regionally extensive Cretaceous clay‐rich aquitard in southern Saskatchewan. Ten vibrating wire pressure transducers were lowered into place at depths between 25 and 325 m, then the annular was space was filled with a cement‐bentonite grout. The in situ Kh was estimated at the location of each transducer by simulating the early‐time pore pressure measurements following setting of the grout using a 2‐D axisymmetric, finite element, numerical model. Core samples were collected during drilling for conventional laboratory testing for Kv to compare with the transducer‐determined in situ Kh. Results highlight the importance of scale and consideration of the presence of possible secondary features (e.g., fractures) in the aquitard. The proximity of the transducers to an active potash mine (∼1 km) where depressurization of an underlying aquifer resulted in drawdown through the aquitard provided a unique opportunity to model the current hydraulic head profile using both the Kh and Kv estimates. Results indicate that the transducer‐determined Kh estimates would allow for the development of the current hydraulic head distribution, and that simulating the pore pressure recovery can be used to estimate moderately low in situ Kh (<10−11 m s−1).
Energetic electron acceleration observed by MMS in the vicinity of an X‐line crossing
Authors: Jaynes A. N. , Turner D. L. , Wilder F. D. , Osmane A. , Baker D. N. , Blake J. B. , Fennell J. F. , Cohen I. J. , Mauk B. H. , Reeves G. D. , Ergun R. E. , Giles B. L. , Gershman D. J. , Torbert R. B. , Burch J. L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDuring the first months of observations, the Magnetospheric Multiscale Fly's Eye Energetic Particle Spectrometer instrument has observed several instances of electron acceleration up to >100 keV while in the vicinity of the dayside reconnection region. While particle acceleration associated with magnetic reconnection has been seen to occur up to these energies in the tail region, it had not yet been reported at the magnetopause. This study reports on observations of electron acceleration up to hundreds of keV that were recorded on 19 September 2015 around 1000 UT, in the midst of an X‐line crossing. In the region surrounding the X‐line, whistler‐mode and broadband electrostatic waves were observed simultaneously with the appearance of highly energetic electrons which exhibited significant energization in the perpendicular direction. The mechanisms by which particles may be accelerated via reconnection‐related processes are intrinsic to understanding particle dynamics among a wide range of spatial scales and plasma environments.
Wintertime water dynamics and moonlight disruption of the acoustic backscatter diurnal signal in an ice‐covered Northeast Greenland fjord
Authors: Petrusevich Vladislav , Dmitrenko Igor A. , Kirillov Sergey A. , Rysgaard Søren , Falk‐Petersen Stig , Barber David G. , Boone Wieter , Ehn Jens K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSix and a half month records from three ice‐tethered Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers deployed in October 2013 in Young Sound fjord in Northeast Greenland are used to analyze the acoustic backscatter signal. The acoustic data suggest a systematic diel vertical migration (DVM) of scatters below the land‐fast ice during polar night. The scatters were likely composed of zooplankton. The acoustic signal pattern typical to DVM persisted in Young Sound throughout the entire winter including the period of civil polar night. However, polynya‐enhanced estuarine‐like cell circulation that occurred during winter disrupted the DVM signal favoring zooplankton to occupy the near‐surface water layer. This suggests that zooplankton avoided spending additional energy crossing the interface with a relatively strong velocity gradient comprised by fjord inflow in the intermediate layer and outflow in the subsurface layer. Instead, the zooplankton tended to remain in the upper 40 m layer where relatively warmer water temperatures associated with upward heat flux during enhanced estuarine‐like circulation could be energetically favorable. Furthermore, our data show moonlight disruption of DVM in the subsurface layer and weaker intensity of vertical migration beneath snow covered land‐fast ice during polar night. Finally, by using existing models for lunar illuminance and light transmission through sea ice and snow cover, we estimated under ice illuminance and compared it with known light sensitivity of Arctic zooplankton species.
Improvement in the biological standard of living in 20th century Korea: Evidence from age at menarche
Authors: Sohn Kitae 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesWe used age at menarche to understand improvement in the biological standard of living in South Korea during the 20th century.MethodsThe main dataset, the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, provided a consistent source of nationally representative data with a large number of observations over a long period of time. We calculated mean ages at menarche by birth year and estimated the rate of decrease in age at menarche, while avoiding survival bias.ResultsThe mean age at menarche decreased from 16.64 for the birth year 1941 to 12.68 for the birth year 1992, decreasing 0.78 (or 0.81 in a regression) years per decade for the period. Comparisons with other populations demonstrate that this is the fastest rate of decline ever known. In contrast to other developed countries, the decreasing rate in Korea does not appear to slow. We also compared the trend in age at menarche to that of height and found that the rate of increase in height is also the fastest in history.ConclusionsAge at menarche is an appropriate index of change in the general standard of living in South Korea over the 20th century. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 29:e22882, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Germanium‐Based Nanomaterials for Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Wu Songping , Han Cuiping , Iocozzia James , Lu Mingjia , Ge Rongyun , Xu Rui , Lin Zhiqun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGermanium‐based nanomaterials have emerged as important candidates for next‐generation energy‐storage devices owing to their unique chemical and physical properties. In this Review, we provide a review of the current state‐of‐the‐art in germanium‐based materials design, synthesis, processing, and application in battery technology. The most recent advances in the area of Ge‐based nanocomposite electrode materials and electrolytes for solid‐state batteries are summarized. The limitations of Ge‐based materials for energy‐storage applications are discussed, and potential research directions are also presented with an emphasis on commercial products and theoretical investigations.
Controlled DNA interpolyelectrolyte complex formation or dissociation via stimuli‐responsive poly(vinylamine‐co‐N‐vinylisobutylamide)
Authors: Tachaboonyakiat Wanpen , Ajiro Hiroharu , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTPoly(vinylamine‐co‐N‐vinylisobutylamide) or poly(VAm‐co‐NVIBA) was evaluated for its ability to stabilize double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) with the controlled formation or dissociation of polyion complexes. The poly(VAm‐co‐NVIBA) copolymer consists of the cationic poly(vinylamine) (VAm) that electrostatically binds to the anionic DNA and the thermally responsive poly(N‐isobutylamide) (NVIBA) that helps limit the strength of the electrostatic interaction and prevents the alteration of the DNA helical structure. Agarose gel electrophoresis showed the successful complexation between dsDNA and poly(VAm‐co‐NVIBA). Moreover, DNA was released from the complex at 65 °C, but not at 25 °C. Thus, the NVIBA component in the copolymer played an important role in controlling the process of complex formation or dissociation according to the pH and temperature. The results showed that the molecular design of polycations with a thermoresponsive part is a potential strategy to allow the controllable formation and dissociation of the copolymer/dsDNA complex while avoiding changes to the DNA helical structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43852.
Bimetallic Effects of Silver‐Modified Nickel Catalysts and their Synergy in Glycerol Hydrogenolysis
Authors: Chen Bin , Zhang Bin , Zhang Yibo , Yang Xiangguang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA series of Ag‐modified Ni catalysts was prepared, and the role of bimetallic effects on the selective cleavage of C−O and C−C bonds was investigated in glycerol hydrogenolysis, a model reaction for the utilization of biomass‐derived polyols. Compared to Raney Ni, the optimal Raney Ni6Ag catalyst was more active in glycerol conversion and efficient for C−O bond cleavage to afford a higher selectivity toward C3 products (1,2‐propanediol and lactic acid; 88 %) at the same ∼70 % conversion of glycerol, especially 1,2‐propanediol (73 %). On Ni catalysts, the hydrogenation of adsorbed species was the most likely rate‐limiting step in glycerol hydrogenolysis under alkaline conditions. The Ag additive enhanced the hydrogenation ability of Ni catalysts, which should be related to the higher strength of the adsorption of hydrogen and the lower strength of the adsorption of substrates on Ni sites because of the formation of Ni‐Ag alloys. A mechanistic interpretation was presented for the excellent catalytic behavior.
Oxidovanadium(V) Complexes Anchored on Carbon Materials as Catalysts for the Oxidation of 1‐Phenylethanol
Authors: Sutradhar Manas , Martins Luísa M. D. R. S. , Carabineiro Sónia A. C. , Guedes da Silva M. Fátima C. , Buijnsters Josephus G. , Figueiredo José L. , Pombeiro Armando J. L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSix oxidovanadium(V) aroylhydrazone complexes derived from (3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐2‐hydroxybenzohydrazide (H2L1) and (3,5‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene)‐2‐aminobenzohydrazide (H2L2), namely, [VOL1(OEt)][VOL1(OEt) (EtOH)] (1), [VOL2(OEt)] (2), [Et3NH][VO2L1] (3), [VO2(HL2)]⋅2 EtOH (4), [(VOL1)2(μ‐O)] (5), and [(VOL2)2(μ‐O)] (6), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, and 51V NMR spectroscopies, ESI‐MS and, for 1–5, single‐crystal XRD. The compounds have VO3+ (1 and 2), VO2+ (3 and 4), and V2O34+ (5 and 6) cores. They are active homogeneous catalysts in the microwave‐assisted, solvent‐free peroxidative oxidation of 1‐phenylethanol to acetophenone by tBuOOH. The immobilization of the oxidovanadium complexes (1, 2, 4, and 5) on oxidized carbon materials improved the oxidation efficiency and allowed catalyst reuse with the preservation of activity.
Effect of Solvent on Nanoparticle Production of β‐Carotene by a Supercritical Antisolvent Process
Authors: Nerome Hazuki , Machmudah Siti , Wahyudiono  , Fukuzato Ryuichi , Higashiura Takuma , Kanda Hideki , Goto Motonobu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractProduction of micro‐ to nano‐sized particles of β‐carotene was investigated by means of solution‐enhanced dispersion by supercritical fluids (SEDS). β‐Carotene was dissolved in dichloromethane (DCM), N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), n‐hexane, or ethyl acetate, and supercritical CO2 served as an antisolvent. The effects of the organic solvents, operating pressure, and temperature were examined. The morphologies of the particles produced by the SEDS were observed by field emission‐scanning electron microscopy and particle sizes were determined by image analysis. Irregularly shaped microparticles were produced in the system with DCM and DMF solution. Plate‐like microparticles were generated by using n‐hexane solution and irregular nanoparticles by ethyl acetate solution. The optimum operating conditions were found to be ethyl acetate as solvent in a defined pressure and temperature range.
Novel Approach to the Detection of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Using Body Mass Index–Corrected Electrocardiographic Voltage Criteria in a Group of African Ancestry
Authors: Robinson Chanel , Woodiwiss Angela J. , Libhaber Carlos D. , Norton Gavin R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundElectrocardiographic (ECG) QRS voltages used to generate criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) detection are considerably attenuated by obesity. This effect renders the utility of ECG criteria to detect LVH in obese individuals of African ancestry to be of limited value.HypothesisA novel approach to correcting QRS voltages for the attenuating effect of body mass index (BMI) will improve the ability of ECG criteria to detect LVH in a group of African descent.MethodsLeft ventricular mass was determined from echocardiography in 661 randomly selected participants (43.0% obese) of black African ancestry in South Africa.ResultsAs compared with Cornell and Sokolow‐Lyon voltage criteria, BMI best correlated with RaVL, Gubner‐Ungerleider, and Lewis QRS complex voltages, but these relations were noted only in those with BMI <29 kg/m2. Correcting RaVL and Lewis voltages by the difference in the slope of BMI‐voltage relations in those with BMI <29 kg/m2 vs those with BMI ≥29 kg/m2 showed the greatest performance for LVH detection (uncorrected RaVL: 0.695 ± 0.025, corrected RaVL: 0.733 ± 0.022; P < 0.0001), and also increased the sensitivity (uncorrected RaVL: 30.6%, corrected RaVL: 42.4%; P < 0.0005) with no significant change in specificity (uncorrected RaVL: 86.3%, corrected RaVL: 83.0%; P = 0.28).ConclusionsWe offer a novel approach to correcting ECG voltages for the attenuating effects of obesity in individuals of African ancestry, and this improves the performance and sensitivity for LVH detection.
Weighing the relative potential impacts of climate change and land‐use change on an endangered bird
Authors: Bancroft Betsy A. , Lawler Joshua J. , Schumaker Nathan H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractClimate change and land‐use change are projected to be the two greatest drivers of biodiversity loss over the coming century. Land‐use change has resulted in extensive habitat loss for many species. Likewise, climate change has affected many species resulting in range shifts, changes in phenology, and altered interactions. We used a spatially explicit, individual‐based model to explore the effects of land‐use change and climate change on a population of the endangered Red‐cockaded Woodpecker (RCW; Picoides borealis). We modeled the effects of land‐use change using multiple scenarios representing different spatial arrangements of new training areas for troops across Fort Benning. We used projected climate‐driven changes in habitat and changes in reproductive output to explore the potential effects of climate change. We summarized potential changes in habitat based on the output of the dynamic vegetation model LPJ‐GUESS, run for multiple climate change scenarios through the year 2100. We projected potential changes in reproduction based on an empirical relationship between spring precipitation and the mean number of successful fledglings produced per nest attempt. As modeled in our study, climate change had virtually no effect on the RCW population. Conversely, simulated effects of land‐use change resulted in the loss of up to 28 breeding pairs by 2100. However, the simulated impacts of development depended on where the development occurred and could be completely avoided if the new training areas were placed in poor‐quality habitat. Our results demonstrate the flexibility inherent in many systems that allows seemingly incompatible human land uses, such as development, and conservation actions to exist side by side.
Is individual consistency in body mass and reproductive decisions linked to individual specialization in foraging behavior in a long‐lived seabird?
Authors: Dehnhard Nina , Eens Marcel , Sturaro Nicolas , Lepoint Gilles , Demongin Laurent , Quillfeldt Petra , Poisbleau Maud 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIndividual specialization in diet or foraging behavior within apparently generalist populations has been described for many species, especially in polar and temperate marine environments, where resource distribution is relatively predictable. It is unclear, however, whether and how increased environmental variability – and thus reduced predictability of resources – due to global climate change will affect individual specialization. We determined the within‐ and among‐individual components of the trophic niche and the within‐individual repeatability of δ13C and δ15N in feathers and red blood cells of individual female southern rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) across 7 years. We also investigated the effect of environmental variables (Southern Annular Mode, Southern Oscillation Index, and local sea surface temperature anomaly) on the isotopic values, as well as the link between stable isotopes and female body mass, clutch initiation dates, and total clutch mass. We observed consistent red blood cell δ13C and δ15N values within individuals among years, suggesting a moderate degree of within‐individual specialization in C and N during the prebreeding period. However, the total niche width was reduced and individual specialization not present during the premolt period. Despite significant interannual differences in isotope values of C and N and environmental conditions, none of the environmental variables were linked to stable isotope values and thus able to explain phenotypic plasticity. Furthermore, neither the within‐individual nor among‐individual effects of stable isotopes were found to be related to female body mass, clutch initiation date, or total clutch mass. In conclusion, our results emphasize that the degree of specialization within generalist populations can vary over the course of 1 year, even when being consistent within the same season across years. We were unable to confirm that environmental variability counteracts individual specialization in foraging behavior, as phenotypic plasticity in δ13C and δ15N was not linked to any of the environmental variables studied.