bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Who cares? Measuring differences in preference intensity
Authors: Cavaillé Charlotte , Chen Daniel L. , Van der Straeten Karine 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
How well do existing survey instruments differentiate between opinions that affect individual behavior and opinions that don't? To answer this question, we randomly assigned U.S. respondents to one of three survey instruments: Likert items (Likert), Likert items followed by personal importance items (Likert+) and Quadratic Voting for Survey Research (QVSR), which gives respondents a fixed budget to buy “favor” or “oppose” votes, with the price for each vote increasing quadratically. We find that, relative to Likert, both Likert+ and QVSR better identify people who care enough about an issue to act in opinion-congruent ways, with QVSR offering the most consistent improvement overall. Building on these results, we show how conclusions regarding the relationship between policy opinions and self-interest can differ across measurement strategies.
CHARACTERIZATION OF FINE CARBONACEOUS AEROSOLS FROM THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN: CONTRIBUTIONS OF FOSSIL AND NON-FOSSIL CARBON SOURCES
Authors: Pavuluri Chandra Mouli , Mihalopoulos Nikolaos , Uchida Masao , Mantoku Kanako , Kobayashi Toshiyuki , Fu Pingqing , Kawamura Kimitaka 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn order to better characterise carbonaceous components in atmospheric aerosols and to assess the contributions of fossil carbon (FC) and non-fossil carbon (NFC) sources and their seasonality in the Eastern Mediterranean, we collected fine (PM1.3) aerosols at a remote marine background site, the Finokalia Research Station, Crete, Greece, over a period of one-year. PM1.3 samples were analysed for elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-soluble OC (WSOC), and stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13CTC) and radiocarbon content (14CTC) (pMC) of total carbon (TC). All the parameters, i.e., PM1.3, δ13CTC and 14CTC showed a clear temporal pattern with higher values in summer and lower values in autumn. The 14CTC ranged from 54.7 to 99.1 pMC with an average of 74.5 pMC during the entire year. The FC content in TC (FCTC) was found to be slightly lower in winter and almost stable in other seasons, whereas the NFC contents (NFCTC) showed a clear seasonality with the highest level in summer followed by spring and the lowest level in winter. Based on these results together with the seasonal distributions of organic tracers, we found that biomass burning (BB) and soil dust are two major sources of the fine aerosols in winter. Although biogenic emissions of VOCs followed by subsequent secondary oxidation processes are significant in summer followed by spring and autumn, pollen is a significant contributor to TC in spring. This study showed that emissions from fossil fuel combustion are significant (25.5%) but minor compared to NFC sources in the eastern Mediterranean.
AMS 14C Dating of the Sites of Digaru-Kolong River Valley, Assam-Meghalaya Foothills, India
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Sharma Sukanya , Sharma Rajveer , Chopra Sundeep 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present study aims to determine the chronology of the past settlement of the different archaeological sites of the Digaru–Kolong River valley (Assam-Meghalaya Foothills), India, based on accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates of seven charcoal samples, five potsherds, and five sediment samples. The archaeological record of the study area consists of ground and polished stone axes and adzes, pottery, and standing or buried megaliths. The samples analyzed were excavated from test pits, and an attempt has been made to correlate the findings with the chronology of the neighboring archaeological region. A site reported in the vicinity of the study area is primarily Neolithic. However, the results from our excavations indicate a time frame for the analyzed artifacts of ca. 240 CE to 1379 CE.
NONMONOGENITY OF NUMBER FIELDS DEFINED BY TRUNCATED EXPONENTIAL POLYNOMIALS
Authors: JAKHAR ANUJ 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLetpbe a prime number. Let$n\geq 2$be an integer given by$n = p^{m_1} + p^{m_2} + \cdots + p^{m_r}$, where$0\leq m_1 < m_2 < \cdots < m_r$are integers. Let$a_0, a_1, \ldots , a_{n-1}$be integers not divisible byp. Let$K = \mathbb Q(\theta )$be an algebraic number field with$\theta \in {\mathbb C}$a root of an irreducible polynomial$f(x) = \sum _{i=0}^{n-1}a_i{x^i}/{i!} + {x^n}/{n!}$over the field$\mathbb Q$of rationals. We prove thatpdivides the common index divisor ofKif and only if$r>p$. In particular, if$r>p$, thenKis always nonmonogenic. As an application, we show that if$n \geq 3$is an odd integer such that$n-1\neq 2^s$for$s\in {\mathbb Z}$andKis a number field generated by a root of a truncated exponential Taylor polynomial of degreen, thenKis always nonmonogenic.
A NEWCOMER TO MARITIME LAW: THE BEIJING CONVENTION ON THE INTERNATIONAL EFFECTS OF JUDICIAL SALES OF SHIPS
Authors: Shao Yingfeng , Piñeiro Laura Carballo , Mejia Maximo Q 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOn 7 December 2022, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a treaty known as the Beijing Convention governing the recognition abroad of the international effects of judicial sales of ships. This article explores the rationale for a specific Convention on this issue, and its interaction with other relevant international conventions. It then analyses the recognition approach adopted by the Convention and evaluates its potential strengths and weaknesses. While some provisions might need further consideration, the overall conclusion is that the Beijing Convention has the potential to strengthen the legal certainty of the purchaser's title obtained via this sale mechanism and thus help debt recovery. Although common law jurisdictions might find it at odds with some of their features, the expected benefits from ratifying it seem to outweigh these issues and are already prompting a steady number of signatures, including those of China, the European Union and Singapore.
Individual differences in L1 and L2 anaphora resolution: effects of implicit prosodic cues and working memory
Authors: Tsoukala Andromachi , Vogelzang Margreet , Tsimpli Ianthi Maria 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present experimental studies shed light on effects of implicit prosodic cues on anaphora resolution as well as on how these differ both within and between L1 and L2 speaker groups. In two self-paced reading studies, L1 and L2 participants read poem-like texts that contained anaphoric ambiguity. These stimuli were designed to include a rhyming scheme and meter that were either regular or disrupted. We expected a rhyme cue on a nonsubject pronoun antecedent (in the regularly metered and rhyming version of the texts) to induce competition effects in L1 speakers and cause them to adapt their interpretative preferences and processing strategies; yet, for L2 speakers we hypothesized that effects would either not be observed or that they would be attenuated. Additionally, we examined whether comprehender-dependent factors would modulate effects in each group. We tested both L1 and L2 participants on memory-related tasks. We also measured L1 speakers’ print exposure and L2ers’ proficiency in English. Results revealed L1–L2 dissimilarities in interpretative preferences and reading behavior, as L2 speakers were not equally sensitive to the prosodic cues introduced. The examination of memory-related measures provided evidence of within-group differences and between-group parallels: higher working memory in both groups modulated anaphora resolution, although for L2 speakers there was no additional influence of context.
What kind of power can citizens exercise beyond the state? Globalizing democracy through representative claim-making
Authors: Gray Sean W.D. , Warren Mark E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcross the developed democracies, there has been a rise in populist nationalism and anti-globalization sentiment aimed at reasserting sovereignty through the state. This article develops the concept of discursive power as an alternative basis for citizens to project their voice and influence into global politics. Discursive power arises from the framing role of ideas in orienting citizen judgements to the possibilities for acting beyond the state, as a precursor to deliberative forms of persuasion and agreement. Discursive power is ‘democratic’, we argue, when it enables those affected by global issues and problems to conceive of themselves as collective agents capable of responding. Generating discursive power outside the state, however, requires informal representatives to serve as interlocutors. Drawing on recent theories of representation, we describe how the claims of non-state actors could support the production and mobilization of citizens' discursive powers across borders. Our analysis underscores the importance of claim-making for progressive responses to globalization centred on the judgements of citizens. We conclude by surveying several challenges for democratic discursive power at the transnational and global levels and suggest some background institutions and practices to enhance this power.
Planting soybean green: how cereal rye biomass and preemergence herbicides impact Amaranthus spp. management and soybean yield
Authors: Nunes Jose , Wallace John , Arneson Nicholas , Johnson William G. , Young Bryan , Norsworthy Jason K. , Ikley Joseph , Gage Karla , Bradley Kevin , Jha Prashant , Lancaster Sarah , Kumar Vipan , Legleiter Travis , Werle Rodrigo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCereal rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop and preemergence herbicides are important components of an integrated weed management program for waterhemp [Amaranthus tuberculatus (Moq.) Sauer] and Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) management in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Accumulating adequate cereal rye biomass for effective suppression of Amaranthus spp. can be challenging in the upper Midwest due to the short window for cereal rye growth in a corn–soybean rotation. Farmers are adopting the planting green system to optimize cereal rye biomass production and weed suppression. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of planting soybean green when integrated with preemergence herbicides for the control of Amaranthus spp. under two soybean planting time frames. The study was conducted across 19 site-years in the United States over the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons. Factors included cover crop management practices (“no-till,” “cereal rye early-term,” and “cereal rye plant-green”), soybean planting times (“early” and “late”), and use of preemergence herbicides (“NO PRE” and “YES PRE”). Planting soybean green increased cereal rye biomass production by 33% compared with early termination. Greater cereal rye biomass production when planting green provided a 44% reduction in Amaranthus spp. density compared with no-till. The use of preemergence herbicides also resulted in a 68% reduction in Amaranthus spp. density compared with NO PRE. Greater cereal rye biomass produced when planting green reduced soybean stand, which directly reduced soybean yield in some site-years. Planting soybean green is a feasible management practice to optimize cereal rye biomass production, which, combined with preemergence herbicides, provided effective Amaranthus spp. management. Soybean stand was a key factor in maintaining soybean yields compared with no-till when planting green. Farmers should follow best management recommendations for proper planter and equipment setup to ensure effective soybean establishment under high levels of cereal rye biomass when planting green.
Downy brome (Bromus tectorum) management and herbicide resistance in dryland wheat production across northeastern Oregon
Authors: Ribeiro Victor H.V. , Mallory-Smith Carol , Brunharo Caio A.C.G. , Barroso Judit 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDowny brome (Bromus tectorum L.) is a difficult species to control in the dryland wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production areas of northeastern Oregon. The selection of herbicide-resistant B. tectorum populations has further complicated B. tectorum management. A survey of wheat growers was conducted in 2021 and 2022 to understand B. tectorum management practices. The survey included four questions based on the growing seasons from 2017 to 2022 related to crop rotation, tillage versus no-tillage, irrigation versus dryland, and herbicide programs. To determine the extent of herbicide resistance, seeds were collected from 49 B. tectorum populations in wheat fields in northeastern Oregon and tested for resistance. Herbicides tested were clethodim, glyphosate, imazamox, mesosulfuron, metribuzin, propoxycarbazone, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam, quizalofop, and sulfosulfuron. Winter wheat–summer fallow rotation was the most predominant cropping system in the region. Most of the fields were in no-tillage systems, and none were irrigated. Pyroxasulfone applied preemergence and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors applied postemergence were the most often used herbicides for B. tectorum control in winter wheat. Glyphosate was the most frequently used herbicide for B. tectorum control in summer fallow. Resistance screenings confirmed that 46 of the 49 B. tectorum populations were resistant to ALS inhibitors with different cross-resistance patterns. Two populations were resistant to metribuzin and exhibited multiple resistance to ALS inhibitors. All populations were susceptible to clethodim, glyphosate, pyroxasulfone, and quizalofop. The widespread occurrence of ALS inhibitor–resistant B. tectorum populations limits effective postemergence herbicide options in winter wheat.
Simulation of the Full‐Process Dynamics of Floating Vehicles Driven by Flash Floods
Authors: Xiong Yan , Liang Qiuhua , Zheng Jinhai , Wang Gang , Tong Xue 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFlash flooding has become more prominent under climate change, threatening people's life and property. Post‐event investigations of recent events emphasize the role of floating debris, such as vehicles, in exacerbating damage. Few modeling methods and tools have been developed to simulate the full‐process dynamics of floating debris driven by large‐scale flood waves in real world. In this work, a fully coupled model is developed for simulating the full‐process interactive movements of vehicles driven by flash flood hydrodynamics, from entrainment, transport to deposition. The proposed coupled modeling system consists of a finite volume shock‐capturing hydrodynamic model solving the 2D shallow water equations and a 3D discrete element method (DEM) model. The proposed two‐way coupling approach estimates the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic forces acting on solid objects using the water depth and velocity predicted by the hydrodynamic model; the resulting counter forces on the fluid flow are then considered by adding extra source terms in the hydrodynamic model. A multi‐sphere method is further embedded in the DEM model to better represent vehicle shapes. New calculation modules are further implemented to represent the vehicle entrainment, contact and stopping motions. The coupled model is applied to reproduce a flash flood event hit Boscastle in the UK in 2004. Over 100 vehicles were moved and carried downstream by the highly transient flood flow. The model well predicts the hydrodynamics, interactive transport process and the final locations of vehicles. The proposed coupled model provides a new tool for simulating large‐scale flash flooding processes, including debris dynamics.
Unexpected STEVE Observations at High Latitude During Quiet Geomagnetic Conditions
Authors: Gallardo‐Lacourt B. , Nishimura Y. , Kepko L. , Spanswick E. L. , Gillies D. M. , Knudsen D. J. , Burchill J. K. , Skone S. H. , Pinto V. A. , Chaddock D. , Kuzub J. , Donovan E. F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStrong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement (STEVE), is a captivating optical phenomenon typically observed in the mid‐latitude ionosphere. This paper presents an intriguing observation of a STEVE event at high‐latitudes, approximately 10 degrees poleward of previously documented observations. This event was recorded in Yellowknife, Canada, by a TREx RGB imager and a citizen scientist. Swarm satellites traversed the latitude of the observation, measuring extreme westwards ion drift velocities exceeding 4 km/s. Such velocities are more typically associated with the subauroral region located at mid‐latitudes, rather than at the high‐latitudes reported here. Significantly, this event occurred without a substorm, which differs from previous STEVE observations. While high‐latitude radars detected fast ionospheric equatorward flows, GOES satellite did not record any injections. These observations suggest that the inner magnetosphere is highly inflated. This unique case study raises new questions surrounding subauroral dynamics and the influence of magnetospheric configurations on ionospheric responses.
Diurnal Vegetation Moisture Cycle in the Amazon and Response to Water Stress
Authors: Asgarimehr Milad , Entekhabi Dara , Camps Adriano 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWater stress in the Amazon is exacerbated by rising temperatures and reduced moisture levels. However, understanding forest responses to increased aridity is hindered by limited in situ water potential observations in the Amazon. Remote sensing of water content has emerged as a promising metric. Vegetation Water Content (VWC) diurnal dynamics is hypothesized to reflect water stress responses. Conventional sensors' low sampling rates impede capturing and studying sub‐daily VWC dynamics. Leveraging Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS‐R) with unprecedented sampling rates, this study reveals significant disparities in morning and evening VWCs in the Amazon, for example, by 1.1 and 1.0 kg/ during the wet and dry seasons of 2019. A strong correlation between VWC (the difference between evening and morning VWCs) and vapor pressure deficit is observed in Amazonian peatland. This highlights the potential of VWC from innovative remote sensing techniques in elucidating water stress dynamics in critical ecosystems.
Rapid Transport of Energetic Electrons to Low L $L$‐Shells: The Key Role of Electric Fields
Authors: Artemyev Anton , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Zhang Xiao‐Jia , Bortnik Jacob 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe dynamics of the outer radiation belt are traditionally associated with wave‐particle resonant interactions, which provide local electron acceleration and losses through very low‐frequency waves, and electron radial transport by ultra‐low frequency waves. However, these processes cannot explain observations of rapid radial transport of energetic electrons (on a time‐scale of a couple of hours), deep into the inner magnetosphere (down to , mapping to magnetic latitude in the ionosphere). This transport is likely associated with strong convection electric fields forming around the plasmapause. To investigate these rapid, low‐latitude electron transport, we combine low‐altitude observations of energetic electron fluxes by the ELFIN CubeSats and DMSP satellites, SuperDARN measurements of ionospheric plasma flows (electric fields), and equatorial measurements of energetic electrons and electric fields by THEMIS. Our findings demonstrate that the rapid filling of the slot region by keV electrons is directly associated with electric field penetration to low latitudes (down to ). The proposed electron transport scenario, the direct penetration of energetic electrons by strong, localized electric fields, underscores the importance of ionosphere‐magnetosphere coupling in radiation belt dynamics.
Sediment Dynamics in the Energetic Nearshore Zone: Acoustic Remote Sensing and Model Validation
Authors: Wilson G. W. , Dickhudt P. , Aldrich J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcoustic backscatter data were collected in the shallow nearshore environment under breaking and non‐breaking waves, using a multi‐frequency sonar at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 MHz. The data are used to develop and test an acoustic inverse model for measuring suspended sediment concentration (SSC) in the presence of bubbles generated by breaking waves. The model leverages the contrasting frequency dependence of acoustic scattering by bubbles and sand, to simultaneously estimate SSC and bubble void fraction. Validation against in situ sediment measurements shows the acoustic technique can recover sediment concentration with good accuracy in both breaking and non‐breaking waves, unlike existing algorithms which only perform well in non‐breaking waves. Finally, data from the experiment are used to validate existing theories for suspended sediment dynamics under breaking waves, for which few previous data sets exist.
A Single Compartment Relaxed Eddy Accumulation Method
Authors: Banerjee T. , Katul G. G. , Zahn E. , Dias N. L. , Bou‐Zeid E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) method is a widely‐known technique that measures turbulent fluxes of scalar quantities. The REA technique has been used to measure turbulent fluxes of various compounds, such as methane, ethene, propene, butene, isoprene, nitrous oxides, ozone, and others. The REA method requires the accumulation of scalar concentrations in two separate compartments that conditionally sample updrafts and downdraft events. It is demonstrated here that the assumptions behind the conventional or two‐compartment REA approach allow for one‐compartment sampling, therefore called a one compartment or 1‐C‐REA approach, thereby expanding its operational utility. The one‐compartment sampling method is tested across various land cover types and atmospheric stability conditions, and it is found that the one‐compartment REA can provide results comparable to those determined from conventional two‐compartment REA. This finding enables rapid expansion and practical utility of REA in studies of surface‐atmosphere exchanges, interactions, and feedbacks.
Challenges and Future Directions in Quantifying Terrestrial Evapotranspiration
Authors: Yi Koong , Senay Gabriel B. , Fisher Joshua B. , Wang Lixin , Suvočarev Kosana , Chu Housen , Moore Georgianne W. , Novick Kimberly A. , Barnes Mallory L. , Keenan Trevor F. , Mallick Kanishka , Luo Xiangzhong , Missik Justine E. C. , Delwiche Kyle B. , Nelson Jacob A. , Good Stephen P. , Xiao Xiangming , Kannenberg Steven A. , Ahmadi Arman , Wang Tianxin , Bohrer Gil , Litvak Marcy E. , Reed David E. , Oishi A. Christopher , Torn Margaret S. , Baldocchi Dennis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTerrestrial evapotranspiration is the second‐largest component of the land water cycle, linking the water, energy, and carbon cycles and influencing the productivity and health of ecosystems. The dynamics of ET across a spectrum of spatiotemporal scales and their controls remain an active focus of research across different science disciplines. Here, we provide an overview of the current state of ET science across in situ measurements, partitioning of ET, and remote sensing, and discuss how different approaches complement one another based on their advantages and shortcomings. We aim to facilitate collaboration among a cross‐disciplinary group of ET scientists to overcome the challenges identified in this paper and ultimately advance our integrated understanding of ET.