bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A time series context self-supervised learning for soft measurement of the f-CaO content
Authors: Zhao Yantao , Han Yuxuan , Chen Bingxu , Wang Yao , Sun Yuhao , Yu Hongnian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The content of free calcium oxide (f-CaO) in cement clinker is an important index for cement quality. In the production of cement clinker, the number of unlabeled samples is excessive and there is an interplay between the variables in time. A time series context self-supervised learning (TS-CSSL) is proposed. This method constructs pretextual tasks based on the temporal relationships between different variables from a large amount of unlabeled time series data. Considering the process of cement production and the residence time of materials in each piece of equipment, the method designs the segmentation of periods for different variables in the context-based self-supervised pretextual task. On this basis, a soft sensor for f-CaO content was implemented. After the experimental validation, the evaluation metrics root means square errors (

RMSE

of the TS-CSSL model decreased by 2.41% and

R
2

improved by 10.93% compared to the random initialization model. Compared to the model with 8 sets of temporal relationships, the TS-CSSL model showed a decrease in

RMSE

of 5.33% and an increase in

R
2

of 21.9%. The experimental results demonstrate that the feature representation learned by the model can be used in a CNN framework and the effectiveness of the proposed self-supervised assistance task.
Coaxial cable delay measurement with different methods: analyzing influential factors and quantifying numerical effects
Authors: Yu Tian , Liang Kun , He Zhiyu , Liao Hao , Wang Jian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Most of the timing scenarios call for the need of precise delay measurement and compensation for coaxial cables. However, experience to date has shown that the cable delay can only be characterized by other physical quantities such as time interval or group delay, etc. In this paper, the principles of three existing commonly used measurement methods were discussed and the various factors that can affect the measurement results were analyzed. Measurement setups and the corresponding uncertainty budgets for the three techniques were then designed and explained. With the aim to quantify numerical effects of the influential factors, specific experiments on a 50 m antenna cable were conducted on time interval measurement to obtain the optimal range of the instrument’s trigger level based on external pulses with different rise time settings, as well as on group delay measurement to determine the influence of different frequency aperture settings. Then, experiments using the relatively proper parameters, which we believe, to the optimal extent, would mitigate the measurement uncertainties were performed. In order to ensure the measurement consistency across the methods, the measurement results were compared and cross-validated to obtain the recommended selections of parameters to align the measurements for coaxial cable delay utilizing the different methods.
A lateral and longitudinal control method based on linear quadratic regulator for intelligent vehicles considering future path changes
Authors: Sun Binbin , Cui Kaichen , Wang Pengwei , Xie Mengxue , Gao Song , Cheng Shuo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To improve the tracking performance of intelligent vehicles, a lateral controller based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR) theory and a longitudinal controller based on backstepping sliding mode control (SMC) theory are proposed in this paper. Firstly, a feedforward LQR controller was established based on a two-degree-of-freedom vehicle dynamics model. To solve the stability reduce problem of feedforward LQR controller caused by model linearization, the controller was improved based on the constant turn rate and velocity model. To further improve the predictive controller, an adaptive prediction time mechanism based on the particle swarm optimization algorithm was established. Finally, a longitudinal tracking algorithm based on backstepping SMC was proposed. To verify the performance of the proposed controllers, co-simulation and hardware in loop experiments were conducted. The results show that the proposed controllers have both stability and accuracy, which can significantly improve tracking performance.
Novel methods for determination and manipulation of surface charges performed on an atmospheric DBD microplasma
Authors: Labenski Robin , Steuer David , van Impel Henrik , Böke Marc , Schulz-von der Gathen Volker , Golda Judith 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In photo- and electrocatalysis it is already well-established that surface charges can alter chemical adsorption and reaction paths of the catalyst. However, the novel realm of plasma catalysis lacks experimental exploration regarding the impact of plasma-induced surface charges on catalytic processes. This paper paves the way by introducing a straightforward method for precisely charging the dielectric (catalyst) in a dielectric barrier discharge microplasma at atmospheric pressure. It additionally enables the determination of this surface charge avoiding artifacts or volume charge interference. Through pre-charging of the dielectric, the charges’ impacts on re-ignition and forming of charge equilibria during the discharge are investigated. Moreover, a laser-assisted operando technique is introduced to generate up to 15% of either positive or negative additional surface charges (compared to the default operation) within

3.5

μs after irradiation and potential for even higher yields. The charges’ origin and the plasma’s response to these laser-induced surface charges are explored.
Photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin using UV/ZnO in a suspended photocatalytic reactor
Authors: Karthika V , Karthikeyan S , Kathirvel R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study aims at evaluation of the photocatalytic degradation of pharmaceutical compounds acetaminophen (ATM), ciprofloxacin (CXN), and amoxicillin (AMX) using zinc oxide (ZnO) nano powder as a photocatalyst in a suspended reactor using a 16 W UV lamp. Operating parameters pH, catalyst dosage, and pollutant concentration were optimised for a working volume of 1.3 litres of model pharmaceutical compounds. The photo degradation efficiency was 95% at pH 6 after 5 h of irradiation for ATM, 98% at pH 6 after 2 h of irradiation for CXN, and 100% at pH 10 after 3 h of irradiation for AMX. The reaction kinetics for the degradation of ATM, CXN, and AMX followed pseudo-first order with the rate constants in the order of kAMX>kCXN>kATM 0.0321 min−1, 0.0232 min−1 and 0.0070 min−1 respectively. TOC (Total Organic Carbon) analysis was carried out for the model compounds, among which compound amoxicillin was found having a higher rate constant of about 0.0108 min−1, which is 1.2 times higher than ciprofloxacin and 2.5 times greater than acetaminophen. This study concludes that ZnO nano powder is efficient in degrading the model pharmaceutical compounds ATM, CXN, and AMX by utilising the UV light, which is evident from the results of the UV–vis spectrophotometer, HPLC analysis, and mineralisation study. In addition, ANOVA was performed on the results obtained from optimisation studies, which confirms the substantial influence of the operating parameters on the degradation of the compounds.
Influence of La3+ doping on structural and optical properties of SrCeO3 perovskite
Authors: Yadav Dharmendra , Kumar Pravin , Tripathi Alok Kumar , Yadav Ram Sagar , Nirala Gurudeo , Yadav Sushma , Yadav Ashish Kumar , Yadav Sandeep 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The SrCe1-xLaxO3 (x = 0.0, 0.02, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.10) perovskite materials have been successfully synthesized by auto-combustion method and calcined at 1100°C. The XRD patterns reveal a highly crystalline orthorhombic crystal structure with a Pnma space group in all samples. The TEM micrograph shows a spherical morphology of the 10 mol% La3+ doped SrCeO3 perovskite sample alongwith the SAED pattern confirming its highly crystalline nature. The incorporation of La3+ ion in the SrCeO3 perovskite has been confirmed by the Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements. The UV–vis absorption spectra at room temperature show various bands, with a strong absorption band observed below 400 nm. The optical band gap of the undoped and La3+ doped samples have been calculated and it is smaller for the La3+ doped perovskite samples than that of the undoped perovskite sample. Therefore, the La3+ doped SrCeO3 perovskite may be applicable for optoelectronic applications.
ParamANN: a neural network to estimate cosmological parameters for ΛCDM Universe using Hubble measurements
Authors: Pal Srikanta , Saha Rajib 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this article, we employ a machine learning (ML) approach for the estimations of four fundamental parameters, namely, the Hubble constant (H
0), matter (Ω0m
), curvature (Ω0k
) and vacuum (Ω0Λ) densities of non-flat ΛCDM model. We use 31 Hubble parameter values measured by differential ages (DA) technique in the redshift interval 0.07 ≤ z ≤ 1.965. We create an artificial neural network (ParamANN) and train it with simulated values of H(z) using various sets of H
0, Ω0m
, Ω0k
, Ω0Λ parameters chosen from different and sufficiently wide prior intervals. We use a correlated noise model in the analysis. We demonstrate accurate validation and prediction using ParamANN. ParamANN provides an excellent cross-check for the validity of the ΛCDM model. We obtain H
0 = 68.14 ± 3.96 kmMpc−1s−1, Ω0m
= 0.3029 ± 0.1118, Ω0k
= 0.0708 ± 0.2527 and Ω0Λ = 0.6258 ± 0.1689 by using the trained network. These parameter values agree very well with the results of global CMB observations of the Planck collaboration. We compare the cosmological parameter values predicted by ParamANN with those obtained by the MCMC method. Both the results agree well with each other. This demonstrates that ParamANN is an alternative and complementary approach to the well-known Metropolis-Hastings algorithm for estimating the cosmological parameters by using Hubble measurements.
Auto-Bäcklund transformation and exact solutions for a new integrable (2+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation
Authors: Guo Xinyue , Li Lianzhong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Shallow water waves (SWWs) are often used to describe water flow and wave movement in shallow water areas. The article introduces a novel (2 + 1)-dimensional SWW equation. We prove that the equation is integrable and obtain an auto-Bäcklund transformation by truncating Painlevé expansion. Using the bilinear form of the equation, a new auto-Bäcklund transformation and some exact solutions are obtained. Besides, a convergent power series solution is derived using Lie symmetry method. These exact solutions can enrich mathematical modeling and help us understand nonlinear wave phenomena. Finally, conserved vectors are derived.
Passively Q-switched Er,Yb:GdMgB5O10 microchip laser with Cr:ZnS thin layer saturable absorber
Authors: Gorbachenya K N , Volkova E A , Maltsev V V , Koporulina E V , Kuleshov N V , Kisel V E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate continuous wave and passively Q-switched Er,Yb:GdMgB5O10 microchip lasers emitting in the spectral range of 1.5–1.6 µm. A maximal output power of 220 mW was obtained at 1568 nm at an absorbed pump power of 2.3 W with a slope efficiency of 18%. By using an MBE-grown Cr:ZnS thin layer as a saturable absorber laser pulse with a duration of 24 ns and an energy of 3 µJ at a repetition rate of 50 kHz were obtained at a wavelength of 1568 nm.
Failure Analysis of Corrosion Pit on Outer Wall of Membrane Wall Pipe
Authors: Lu Xianjing , Sun Xudong , An Zhicong , Huang Guogen , Yu Ting 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Flue gas pipework is a critical component of a flue gas treatment system, mainly transporting the flue gases produced by a combustion plant from the source to the vent. Flue gas pipework is vital in all applications, such as thermal storage gas stoves, heaters, and gas water heaters. However, due to negligent management during the use of piping. Corrosion pits were created in several places on the outer wall of a membrane wall pipe located on the flue gas side of the membrane wall pipe. The external circulation medium of the membrane wall pipe is mainly high-temperature flue gas, and the internal circulation medium is water. This paper determines the causes of the corrosion pits by macroscopic observation, metallographic microstructure analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It was found that the outer wall of the flue gas sidewall pipe of the failed part was covered with reddish-brown rust, wide and shallow corrosion pits were observed, and the detection area of the inner surface of the pits had a high ‘S’ content. To reiterate, it was concluded that the cause of the corrosion pits was the flue gas dew-point corrosion.
Failure Analysis of Superheater Tube Crack in Waste Heat Boiler
Authors: Lu Xianjing , Sun Xudong , Xu Huiting , Ying Chenkai , Yu Ting 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
During the water pressure test of the waste heat boiler of the heavy metal recovery unit, many leaks were found in the superheater tube bundle. These leaks were all concentrated at the simmering bend location of the superheater tube parent material. This prompted an investigation into the causes of cracks in the superheater tubes of the waste heat boiler. The study followed a systematic approach, starting with macroscopic examination of the samples, nondestructive radiography, water quality examination, chemical composition analysis, metallographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results of these analyses revealed that the cracks were expanding from the inner wall to the outer wall, the cracks were dendritic in distribution, and the inner and tip of the cracks were full of grey-white oxides, with typical stress corrosion cracking characteristics. The water quality detected a pH value of 10.7, which was alkaline. This sequence of events ultimately led to the conclusion that the tubes were subjected to alkaline stress corrosion cracking due to the concentration of stresses at the simmering bends, which led to the leakage.
Study on CL-20 Initiated by Flyer Driven by Copper Azide
Authors: Wang Jiabao , Wu Xingyu , Li Mingyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A simulation model of copper azide microcharge driving flyer initiation microscale CL-20 explosive was established, and the action process of copper azide detonation driven flyer initiation microscale CL-20 explosive was numerically simulated by ANSYS/LS-DYNA fluid-structure interaction algorithm. The internal pressure and velocity changes of the flyer during the detonation of copper azide and the internal pressure change of the CL-20 explosive during the detonation were studied. The results show that the error between the experimental and numerical simulation results of the average speed of the flyer is within 10%. This provides a feasible solution for the study of the micro-explosion detonation mechanism by simultaneously analyzing the explosion process of the multi-physical field change law. The numerical simulation results are consistent with the experimental results, indicating that the established simulation model can be used to simulate the detonation process of CL-20 initiated by a flyer driven by copper azide. The copper azide charge, with a diameter of 1 mm and a charge thickness of 0.6 mm, successfully initiates the detonation of the CL-20 explosive.
Traditional ecological knowledge of the Moronene tribe: insights into forest conservation practice in Bombana Area, Southeast Sulawesi
Authors: Basri  , Ferdinan A , Powatu H , Chalid A , Sakakibara M , Ayumar A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This research examines the traditional ecological knowledge of the Moronene tribe and its insights into forest conservation practices in the Bombana area of Southeast Sulawesi. The Moronene tribe has inhabited this region for centuries, relying on the forest for their livelihoods and cultural practices. The study aims to document and analyze the TEK (traditional ecological knowledge) held by the Moronene tribe, with a specific focus on their role in forest conservation. The research was conducted in the districts of Rarowatu Utara and Lantari Jaya, Bombana Regency. Data collection involved interviews with 100 households, with the heads of households serving as respondents using structured survey questionnaires specifically designed to assess the depth and breadth of traditional ecological knowledge related to forest conservation practices. The findings of the study demonstrate that the aged 56-75 years, ethnicity of Moronene, primary occupations of farmer and civil servant, longevity lived in forest >20 years, and position as royal/royal family have a strong affinity for traditional ecological knowledge of related to the practice of forest conservation in Bombana. The results of this research provide valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and conservation practitioners seeking to integrate local knowledge systems into forest management and conservation strategies. Recognizing and respecting the traditional ecological knowledge of the Moronene tribe can contribute to a more inclusive and effective approach to conservation that aligns with local values, needs, and aspirations.
Maximizing vanillin loading into paper substrate and its effect on the paper mechanical properties
Authors: Jaya A , Noviandini A F , Arifin Y , Fung L K 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde) is one of the natural food flavouring agents, can be used as an additive in paper packaging. This study aims to understand the suitable solvent to use to achieve the highest vanilla loading into the paper substrate, and its effect on the paper mechanical properties. A total of three types of commercial vanilla flavor products (A, B, and C) in an oil form were diluted to make concentration of 5% (by weight) solution in isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or ethanol (EtOH), to immerse 29 gsm paper substrate. The vanillin content of the solution A, B and C in EtOH were 0.95, 1.17, and 1.14% w/v, whereas in IPA were 0.75, 0.81, and 0.69% w/v, respectively. The vanillin content absorbed in paper after immersion was determined from the assay of the samples obtained from an extraction process using water. It was found out that the vanillin concentration in the extract from the paper immersed with flavor A, B and C in EtOH and IPA were 0.05, 0.04, 0.07% w/v, and 0.09, 0.06, 0.03% w/v, respectively. It was also found out that the addition of vanilla had affected the mechanical properties of the paper (tensile strength, TEA and stretch). Compared to the paper without vanilla flavor, paper with flavor A in both solvents have 5% lower of all mechanical properties measured. The papers with flavor B in EtOH showed 10% increase in the mechanical properties, while in IPA showed 5% increase in all properties measured. Different impacts on properties were observed on flavor C. The tensile strength, stretch, and TEA increased by 9, 20, and 50% respectively.
Effect of pH neutral on the separation of nickel and cobalt from laterite leaching solution using cyanex 272
Authors: Yuda A P T , Petrus H T B M , Astuti W 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Nickel and cobalt are the most common elements in the earth’s crust that naturally occur in laterite ores. Nickel and cobalt from laterite ores are recovered as products such as mixed hydroxide precipitate (MHP) and mixed sulphide precipitate (MSP). This research focuses on how the nickel laterite leach solution can be processed directly for solvent extraction without going through the precipitation stage. The nitric acid leach solution obtained from the laterite ore is used to extract nickel and cobalt. A cyanex 272 extractant and kerosene mixture will be used as an organic solvent for direct extraction. The raw material used was Indonesian laterite ore from Halmahera Island, which contained Ni (1.72%), Co (0.155%), Fe (26.17%), and other minor elements. The effect of pH in a neutral condition was investigated on the extraction efficiency, distribution coefficient, and separation factor. Nitric acid (1M) was applied as the leaching reagent. The variables include pH variations (6.8; 7.0; 7.2; 7.4; 7.6), 20% cyanex 272, and O/A ratio (1:1/v:v) at 20 minutes with a stirring speed of 500 rpm. Optimum results were obtained at pH 7.4 variation with an extraction efficiency of 69.26% for cobalt and 0% for Ni, respectively. At these optimum conditions, the highest distribution coefficient value is the element cobalt at pH 7.4, and the result is 2.253 with a separation factor (∞). The optimum condition focuses on removing cobalt from the organic phase, not nickel.
Synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites PVA/CMC/NFC as a barrier film paper packaging
Authors: Handayani A S , Nizardo N M , Sugandi N A D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The renewable discovery resulting from the synthesis of nanocomposites using nano fibrillated cellulose (NFC) as a nanofiller and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a matrix with the addition of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) additives demonstrates good potential for food packaging applications. NFC was synthesized through a mechanical homogenization method from microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and was effectively characterized by its physical properties, including density and particle size. Subsequently, PVA/CMC/NFC nanocomposites were created using a mechanical homogenization method with various CMC concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, and 2%) and a 90:10 ratio of PVA/CMC to NFC. The resulting nanocomposites were also characterized for their physical properties. It was found that adding CMC 2% increased the density of the solution. Then, these nanocomposites were used to apply as a coating paper. Micro photo characterization was carried out on the nanocomposite to examine the nanocomposite’s morphology on the paper and evaluate the nanocomposite’s performance as a coating paper. The results indicate that the nanocomposite has an uneven particle size distribution and demonstrates agglomeration with increased CMC concentration. This is due to hydrogen bonding interactions among PVA, CMC, and NFC, the adhesion properties to the paper, and the ratio between PVA, CMC, and NFC in solution.
Adsorption of Pb(II) ions using a biosorbent derived from pineapple peel
Authors: Saraswaty V , Aji E S , Hanifah A , Ratnaningrum D , Ardiansyah A , Setiyanto H 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The potential of pineapple peel as a biosorbent for a heavy metal, Pb(II), was investigated. The experiment was carried out at various contact times, doses of adsorbent, and pH of the solution. Results obviously showed that pineapple peel biosorbent has potential for removing Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of Pb(II) ions depended on the pH of the solution. No significant difference was observed when the adsorption was performed at pH of 4.0 and 5.0. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation indicated that the surface of pineapple peel (PP) biosorbent is arranged like flakes and fractures, in addition some pores are also present. The biosorbent made from pineapple peel showed a cloud-like layer in the SEM image after adsorption, showing that the Pb(II) ions were successfully adsorbed. About >90% of 100 ppm Pb(II) ions were adsorbed within 5 minutes, indicating that the biosorbent derived from pineapple peel has a fast adsorption capacity. In conclusion, our investigation clearly showed the potential of biosorbent-derived pineapple peel to remove heavy metals, including Pb(II) ions, from solutions.