bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polarization-dependent interfacial coupling modulation of ferroelectric photovoltaic effect in PZT-ZnO heterostructures
Authors: Pan Dan-Feng , Bi Gui-Feng , Chen Guang-Yi , Zhang Hao , Liu Jun-Ming , Wang Guang-Hou , Wan Jian-Guo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRecently, ferroelectric perovskite oxides have drawn much attention due to potential applications in the field of solar energy conversion. However, the power conversion efficiency of ferroelectric photovoltaic effect currently reported is far below the expectable value. One of the crucial problems lies in the two back-to-back Schottky barriers, which are formed at the ferroelectric-electrode interfaces and blocking most of photo-generated carriers to reach the outside circuit. Herein, we develop a new approach to enhance the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect by introducing the polarization-dependent interfacial coupling effect. Through inserting a semiconductor ZnO layer with spontaneous polarization into the ferroelectric ITO/PZT/Au film, a p-n junction with strong polarization-dependent interfacial coupling effect is formed. The power conversion efficiency of the heterostructure is improved by nearly two orders of magnitude and the polarization modulation ratio is increased about four times. It is demonstrated that the polarization-dependent interfacial coupling effect can give rise to a great change in band structure of the heterostructure, not only producing an aligned internal electric field but also tuning both depletion layer width and potential barrier height at PZT-ZnO interface. This work provides an efficient way in developing highly efficient ferroelectric-based solar cells and novel optoelectronic memory devices.
Aided Electrophysiology Using Direct Audio Input: Effects of Amplification and Absolute Signal Level
Authors: Chun Ingyu , Billings Curtis J. , Miller Christi W. , Tremblay Kelly L. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
This study investigated (a) the effect of amplification on cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) at different signal levels when signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were equated between unaided and aided conditions, and (b) the effect of absolute signal level on aided CAEPs when SNR was held constant.

Method
CAEPs were recorded from 13 young adults with normal hearing. A 1000-Hz pure tone was presented in unaided and aided conditions with a linear analog hearing aid. Direct audio input was used, allowing recorded hearing aid noise floor to be added to unaided conditions to equate SNRs between conditions. An additional stimulus was created through scaling the noise floor to study the effect of signal level.

Results
Amplification resulted in delayed N1 and P2 peak latencies relative to the unaided condition. An effect of absolute signal level (when SNR was constant) was present for aided CAEP area measures, such that larger area measures were found at higher levels.

Conclusion
Results of this study further demonstrate that factors in addition to SNR must also be considered before CAEPs can be used to clinically to measure aided thresholds.
W‐band dual‐channel receiver with active power divider and temperature‐compensated circuit
Authors: Lee S. , Lee S. , Park H. , Kim W. , Kwon H. , Jeong J. , Kwon Y. 
Published: March 2016

A W‐band dual‐channel receiver is presented for the frequency‐modulated continuous wave radars. In order to improve the isolation between two RF channels, a compact active power divider is implemented by a dual‐output local oscillator (LO) amplifier. The temperature‐compensated circuit also mitigates the gain variation of the receiver according to the ambient temperature. The fabricated receiver integrated circuit shows a conversion gain of 16 dB, a noise figure of 6.4 dB, and an input 1 dB compression point of −13.4 dBm at RF frequency of 76.5 GHz and LO input power of −1 dBm. The channel‐to‐channel isolation is >33 dB and the conversion gain variation is as low as −0.031 dB/°C between −40 and 120°C. This is the first temperature‐compensated multi‐channel receiver demonstration in W‐band.
Compact microstrip lowpass filter with wide stopband and very‐sharp roll‐off
Authors: Hayati M. , Akbari M. , Salahi R. 
Published: March 2016

A novel microstrip lowpass filter (LPF) with good specifications such as wide stopband and sharp roll‐off is reported. The filter structure consists of split ring resonator loaded by folded polygene patches. The proposed filter with −3 dB cut‐off frequency at 1.57 GHz has been designed, fabricated and measured. The LPF has a wide stopband from 1.67 to 14 GHz with a rejection level greater than −20 dB, sharp roll‐off rate equal to 170 dB/GHz and low insertion loss lower than 0.13 dB in 94% of the passband. Finally, a high figure of merit of 51,178 is obtained.
Photolithographically definable SU‐8–alumina composite for W‐band dielectric resonator antennas
Authors: Al‐Khalli Najeeb , Alduraibi Mohammad , Debbar Nacer , Saleem Muhammad , Alkanhal Majeed , Sebak Abdelrazik , Abdel‐Rahman Mohamed 
Published: March 2016

A novel process has been developed for fabricating ceramic dielectric structures with dimensions applicable to W‐band millimetre wave dielectric resonator antennas. The ceramic dielectric structures are based on composites of SU‐8 2150 photoresist and alumina (Al2O3)‐alpha nanopowder. The effects of increasing the weight percentage of Al2O3 nanopowder on the photo‐polymerisation of the SU‐8–Al2O3 composite were systematically investigated. Cylindrical structures with thicknesses up to 500 µm have been fabricated using single casted conventional ultraviolet lithography. The relative permittivity of SU‐8–Al2O3 composites at different weight percentages of Al2O3 was studied showing an increase from a relative permittivity of 4.5 to 5.66 with increasing the Al2O3 weight percentage from 0 to 35%. Also, finally, double layer manufacturing of ceramic SU‐8–Al2O3 composite structures was demonstrated.
Equivalent mechanical boundary conditions for single layer graphene sheets
Authors: Sadeghzadeh Sadegh 
Published: March 2016

To describe and analyse mechanical structures due to external loads, equation of motion must be supplemented with appropriate boundary conditions. When nanomechanical structures (especially layered systems) are considered, satisfying the boundaries is more challenging. It may be essential to develop a specific methodology for any system in such scale and configuration. This work introduces a general approach for boundary conditions of monolayer graphene sheets as the most important part of future sensors and resonators in nanoelectromechanical systems. Comparing with the experiments, it has been demonstrated that the graphene sheets on the adhesive surfaces should be assumed as a hinged edge condition and not as a clamped one. As a result, inaccuracy of the commonly used rigid base as a clamped condition is proven due to comparison with a reported experiment. It is suggested that a flexible substrate can be replaced to have better accordance. A flexible silicon base with equilibrium distance equal to s = 2.5 Å and depth of potential well equal to ε = 0.02 eV is obtained as the best substrate for a square graphene sheet under doubly clamped edge conditions.
Quantum communication complexity advantage implies violation of a Bell inequality
Authors: Buhrman Harry , Czekaj Łukasz , Grudka Andrzej , Horodecki Michał , Horodecki Paweł , Markiewicz Marcin , Speelman Florian , Strelchuk Sergii 
Published: March 2016

Significance
For many communication complexity problems the quantum strategies, distinguished by using Bell nonlocal correlations, provide exponential advantage over the best possible classical strategies. Conversely, for any Bell nonlocal correlations there exists a communication complexity problem that is solved more efficiently using the former. Despite many efforts, there were only two problems for which one could certify that any strategy that outperforms the classical one must harbor Bell nonlocal correlations. We prove that any large advantage over the best known classical strategy makes use of Bell nonlocal correlations. Thus, we provide the missing link to the fundamental equivalence between Bell nonlocality and quantum advantage.
Three-dimensional bioprinting of thick vascularized tissues
Authors: Kolesky David B. , Homan Kimberly A. , Skylar-Scott Mark A. , Lewis Jennifer A. 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Current tissue manufacturing methods fail to recapitulate the geometry, complexity, and longevity of human tissues. We report a multimaterial 3D bioprinting method that enables the creation of thick human tissues (>1 cm) replete with an engineered extracellular matrix, embedded vasculature, and multiple cell types. These 3D vascularized tissues can be actively perfused with growth factors for long durations (>6 wk) to promote differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells toward an osteogenic lineage in situ. The ability to construct and perfuse 3D tissues that integrate parenchyma, stroma, and endothelium is a foundational step toward creating human tissues for ex vivo and in vivo applications.
Models for the a subunits of the
Thermus thermophilus
V/A-ATPase and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
V-ATPase enzymes by cryo-EM and evolutionary covariance
Authors: Schep Daniel G. , Zhao Jianhua , Rubinstein John L. 
Published: March 2016

Significance
In cells, chemical energy is interconverted with electrochemical ion gradients across membranes for numerous processes. Three of the most significant enzymes that carry out this conversion are known as rotary ATPases because ion translocation is coupled to the synthesis or hydrolysis of ATP by rotation of part of the enzyme. These protein assemblies are the closely related eukaryotic V-ATPases and bacterial or archaeal V/A-ATPases, and the more distantly related F-type ATP synthases. Understanding of rotary ATPases has been limited by not knowing the structure of the subunit that couples ion translocation to rotation. Here, we determine the structure of this subunit for two of the three types of rotary ATPases, identifying a conserved architecture and mechanism in all three enzymes.
Conformational dynamics of a membrane protein chaperone enables spatially regulated substrate capture and release
Authors: Liang Fu-Cheng , Kroon Gerard , McAvoy Camille Z. , Chi Chris , Wright Peter E. , Shan Shu-ou 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Molecular chaperones play key roles in maintaining protein homeostasis within cells. Membrane protein chaperones face particular challenges, as they not only protect highly aggregation-prone membrane protein substrates, but also need to achieve tight spatiotemporal coordination of their chaperone cycle. In this work, biochemical and NMR analyses address these questions and for the first time, to our knowledge, define the complete chaperone cycle for cpSRP43, an ATP-independent chaperone dedicated to integral membrane proteins. The study reveals that cpSRP43’s substrate binding domain samples at least three distinct conformations. This property enables it to be readily switched on by positive regulators in the soluble phase to ensure tight substrate binding and be switched off by the translocase at the membrane to ensure facile and productive substrate release.
Use of the Fluidigm C1 platform for RNA sequencing of single mouse pancreatic islet cells
Authors: Xin Yurong , Kim Jinrang , Ni Min , Wei Yi , Okamoto Haruka , Lee Joseph , Adler Christina , Cavino Katie , Murphy Andrew J. , Yancopoulos George D. , Lin Hsin Chieh , Gromada Jesper 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Pancreatic islets are complex structures composed of four cell types whose primary function is to maintain glucose homeostasis. Owing to the scarcity and heterogeneity of the islet cell types, little is known about their individual gene expression profiles. Here we used the Fluidigm C1 platform to obtain high-quality gene expression profiles of each islet cell type from mice. We identified cell-type–specific transcription factors and pathways providing previously unrecognized insights into genes characterizing islet cells. Unexpectedly, our data uncover technical limitations with the C1 Fluidigm cell capture process, which should be considered when analyzing single-cell transcriptomics data.
The proper motion of HV2112: a TŻO candidate in the SMC
Authors: Worley C. Clare , Irwin Mike. J. , Tout Christopher A. , Żytkow Anna N. , Fraser Morgan , Izzard Robert G. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The candidate Thorne–Żytkow object (TŻO), HV2112, is becoming a well-studied if enigmatic object. A key point of its candidacy as a TŻO is whether or not it resides in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). HV2112 has detections in a series of photometric catalogues which have resulted in contradictory estimates of its proper motion and, therefore, its membership within the SMC. This letter seeks to resolve the issue of the SMC membership of HV2112 through a reanalysis of extant photometric data. We also demonstrate the difficulties and downfalls inherent in considering a range of catalogue proper motions. We conclude that the proper motion, and associated ancillary radial velocity, positional and photometric properties, are fully consistent with HV2112 being within the SMC and thus it remains a candidate TŻO.
Revised wavelength and spectral response calibrations for AKARI near-infrared grism spectroscopy: Cryogenic phase
Authors: Baba Shunsuke , Nakagawa Takao , Shirahata Mai , Isobe Naoki , Usui Fumihiko , Ohyama Youichi , Onaka Takashi , Yano Kenichi , Kochi Chihiro 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We perform revised spectral calibrations for the AKARI near-infrared grism to correct quantitatively for the effect of the wavelength-dependent refractive index. The near-infrared grism covering the wavelength range of 2.5–5.0 μm, with a spectral resolving power of 120 at 3.6 μm, is found to be contaminated by second-order light at wavelengths longer than 4.9 μm, which is especially serious for red objects. First, we present the wavelength calibration considering the refractive index of the grism as a function of the wavelength for the first time. We find that the previous solution is positively shifted by up to 0.01 μm compared with the revised wavelengths at 2.5–5.0 μm. In addition, we demonstrate that second-order contamination occurs even with a perfect order-sorting filter owing to the wavelength dependence of the refractive index. Secondly, the spectral responses of the system from the first- and second-order light are simultaneously obtained from two types of standard objects with different colors. The response from the second-order light suggests leakage of the order-sorting filter below 2.5 μm. The relations between the output of the detector and the intensities of the first- and second-order light are formalized by a matrix equation that combines the two orders. The removal of the contaminating second-order light can be achieved by solving the matrix equation. The new calibration extends the available spectral coverage of the grism mode from 4.9 μm up to 5.0 μm. The revision can be used to study spectral features falling in these extended wavelengths, e.g., the carbon monoxide fundamental ro-vibrational absorption within nearby active galactic nuclei.
“Debriefing-on-Demand”
Authors: McMullen Michael , Wilson Rosemary , Fleming Melinda , Mark David , Sydor Devin , Wang Louie , Zamora Jorge , Phelan Rachel , Burjorjee Jessica E. 
Published: March 2016

Introduction
Simulation is an effective tool in medical education with debriefing as the cardinal educational component. Alternate debriefing strategies might further enhance the educational value of simulation. Here, we pilot a novel strategy that allows trainees to initiate debriefing at any point during the scenario, when they consider it necessary.

Methods
With ethics approval, 8 postgraduate year 1 anesthesia residents (with no previous exposure to high-fidelity simulation) were randomly assigned to lead 2 of 8 scenarios with 2 debriefing strategies. With “debriefing-on-demand,” residents had the option to initiate debriefing at any point in the scenario by activation of a “pause button”—in addition to undergoing conventional debriefing at the end of the scenario. Those randomized to “conventional debriefing” were debriefed only at the end of the scenario. All were allocated as team leader with both debriefing strategies and as a participant in remaining scenarios. Residents provided feedback regarding each method using Likert scales and completion of open-ended statements.

Results
Debriefing-on-demand was easily integrated into all scenarios, and most learners (88%) supported its use in future simulation sessions. The following 4 themes emerged from qualitative analyses: (1) improvements in the clarification and integration of knowledge, (2) reductions in stress/anxiety, (3) facilitated reflection on action, and (4) maintained realism comparable with conventional debriefing.

Conclusions
Debriefing-on-demand was easily integrated into all scenarios and well received by these trainees new to simulation. Larger trials that use validated tools are needed to determine the absolute impact of debriefing-on-demand on stress levels and the overall learning value of simulation for trainees at different levels of training.
Symmetric assembly and disassembly processes in an ecological network
Authors: Tylianakis Jason M. , Martínez-García Laura B. , Richardson Sarah J. , Peltzer Duane A. , Dickie Ian A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe processes whereby ecological networks emerge, persist and decay throughout ecosystem development are largely unknown. Here we study networks of plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities along a 120,000 yr soil chronosequence, as they undergo assembly (progression) and then disassembly (retrogression). We found that network assembly and disassembly were symmetrical, self-reinforcing processes that together were capable of generating key attributes of network architecture. Plant and AMF species that had short indirect paths to others in the community (i.e. high centrality), rather than many direct interaction partners (i.e. high degree), were best able to attract new interaction partners and in the case of AMF species, also to retain existing interactions with plants during retrogression. We then show using simulations that these non-random patterns of attachment and detachment promote nestedness of the network. These results have implications for predicting extinction sequences, identifying focal points for invasions, and suggesting trajectories for restoration.
mLDM: a new hierarchical Bayesian statistical model for sparse microbioal association discovery
Authors: Yang Yuqing , Chen Ning , Chen Ting 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInterpretive analysis of metagenomic data depends on an understanding of the underlying associations among microbes from metagenomic samples. Although several statistical tools have been developed for metage-nomic association studies, they suffer from compositional bias or fail to take into account environmental factors that directly affect the composition of a given microbial community. In this paper, we proposemetagenomicLognormal-Dirichlet-Multinomial (mLDM), a hierarchical Bayesian model with sparsity constraints to bypass compositional bias and discover new associations among microbes and between microbes and environmental factors. The mLD-M model can 1) infer both conditionally dependent associations among microbes and direct associations between microbes and environmental factors; 2) consider both compositional bias and variance of metagenomic data; and 3) estimate absolute abundance for microbes. Thus, conditionally dependent association can capture direct relationship underlying microbial pairs and remove the indirect connections induced from other common factors. Empirical studies show the effectiveness of the mLDM model, using both synthetic data and the TARA Oceans eukaryotic data by comparing it with several state-of-the-art methodologies. Finally, mLDM is applied to western English Channel data and finds some interesting associations.
AnnoLnc: a web server for systematically annotating novel human lncRNAs
Authors: Hou Mei , Tang Xing , Tian Feng , Shi Fangyuan , Liu Fenglin , Gao Ge 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlthough the repertoire of human lncRNAs has rapidly expanded, their biological function and regulation remain largely elusive. Here, we present AnnoLnc (http://annolnc.cbi.pku.edu.cn), an online portal for systematically annotating newly identified human lncRNAs. AnnoLnc offers a full spectrum of annotations covering genomic location, RNA secondary structure, expression, transcriptional regulation, miRNA interaction, protein interaction, genetic association and evolution, as well as an abstraction-based text summary and various intuitive figures to help biologists quickly grasp the essentials. In addition to an intuitive and mobile-friendly Web interactive design, AnnoLnc supports batch analysis and provides JSON-based Web Service APIs for programmatic analysis. To the best of our knowledge, AnnoLnc is the first web server to provide on-the-fly and systematic annotation for newly identified human lncRNAs. Some case studies have shown the power of AnnoLnc to inspire novel hypotheses.
The field of accounting
Authors: Yapa Prem W. Senarath , Jacobs Kerry , Huot Bopta Chan 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to explore the field of accounting as a nexus between the rise of industrial societies, strategies of elites to preserve and reproduce privilege, practices of state control and the external forces of colonisation and globalisation. The authors explore this field in the context of Cambodia which embodies a particularly diverse range of internal and external influences.Design/methodology/approach– A qualitative research approach is employed. The research methods were an analysis of secondary sources and interviews with key officials former Head of State and academics. An effort was made to interview Khmer Rouge survivors about the nature of the accounting practices, class and state control.Findings– During the pre-colonial and the period of French colonial influence, there was relatively accounting practice or distinctive professional bodies. Under the Khmer Rouge there was both a clear rejection of individuals with accounting skills while there were some attempts to use of elements of accounting as tools of central control. This use of accounting as a tool of control was further normalised under Vietnamese rule and socialism. Following the restoration of independence there was some French influence on the growth of institutional and practices of accounting. However, these institutions and practices have been modified and refined by recent growth of international accounting firms and the Association of Chartered Certified Accountants.Research limitations/implications– This paper has significant implications for understanding the nature and development of the accounting in developing countries, recognising both national and internal influences.Practical implications– This paper has practical implications for understanding the nature and changes associated with the accounting profession in a global context.Originality/value– This paper adds new literature on accounting which recognises the nexus of interests, practices and institutions associated with the field of accounting.