bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análise coleta de esgoto de Contagem/MG: Uma realidade da situação sanitária do município entre os anos de 2010-14 / Analysis of sewage collect from Contagem/MG: A reality of the sanitary situation of the municipality between the years 2010-14
Authors: Santos André Lopes Vilaça , Caldeira Altino Barbosa 
Published: December 2016

<p>O presente artigo buscou discutir a coleta de esgoto pela rede oficial da Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais (COPASA), prestadora de serviço responsável por disponibilizar água tratada, além de coletar e tratar o esgoto, para só assim desaguá-lo nos cursos d’água de Contagem/MG. Contagem é um importante município que compõe a Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH), que vem apresentando contínuos índices de crescimento populacional nos últimos anos, sendo que, a expansão do tecido urbano vem acontecendo também de maneira clandestina, promovendo desta forma, vários impactos ambientais no município, que possui em mais da metade do município, uma Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA), que possui no seu interior um manancial de abastecimento público, a represa de Várzea das Flores. Foram analisados, tabulados e transformados em gráficos, dados do Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento (SNIS) entre os anos de 2010 e 2014, demonstrando que, o município de Contagem precisa de consideráveis avanços na coleta de esgoto, para que haja a redução dos impactos ambientais, e a melhoria da qualidade da água nos cursos d’água e reservatório do município.<strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>Esgotamento Sanitário, Contagem, Impactos Ambientais, Meio Ambiente</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>This paper reason to discuss the sewerage by the official of the Companhia de Saneamento de Minas Gerais (COPASA), service provider responsible for providing treated water, as well as collect and treat sewage, for only then empties it in watercourses water Contagem. Contagem is an important municipality that make up the Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH), which has been showing continuous population growth rates in recent years, with the expansion of the urban fabric is also happening clandestinely, thus promoting several impacts environmental in the city, which has more than half of the municipality, an Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA), which has in its interior a public water supply, the dam Várzea das Flores. Were analyzed, tabulated and graphed, data of the Sistema Nacional de Informações sobre Saneamento (SNIS) between the years 2010 and 2014, showing that the city of Contagem need considerable advances in sewerage, so there is a reduction in environmental impacts, and improving water quality in rivers and municipal dam.<strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Sewerage, Contagem, Environmental impacts, Environment</p>
René Lévesque. La haine du préjugé racial et de l’antisémitisme
Authors: Beaudet Jean-François 
Published: December 2016

Profondément marqué par les atrocités nazies dont il sera témoin en 1945 et à travers les diverses relations qu’il entretiendra avec la communauté juive québécoise, René Lévesque développera une sensibilité et une compréhension particulières des réalités juives. Ainsi, tout au long de sa carrière d’homme public, le futur premier ministre du Québec dénoncera vertement toute manifestation d’antisémitisme et de préjugés raciaux. En nous basant notamment sur le contenu de chroniques écrites par Lévesque pour le compte de journaux québécois, nous sommes à même de dégager les principales réflexions sur l’antisémitisme formulées par une des plus importantes figures du nationalisme canadien-français du XXe siècle. En fait, durant la Révolution tranquille et les années subséquentes, René Lévesque cherchera à réconcilier le nationalisme québécois avec une communauté juive qui craint les dérives pouvant accompagner les manifestations nationalistes.
Le Devoir et les Juifs. Complexités d’une relation sans cesse changeante (1910-1963)
Authors: Anctil Pierre 
Published: December 2016

L’antisémitisme présent dans les pages du Devoir compte parmi les enjeux historiographiques les plus importants de l’histoire juive canadienne. Le sujet a été discuté de manière passionnée depuis plus d’une trentaine d’années et a fait l’objet d’affirmations contradictoires et souvent fortement médiatisées. Cet article propose d’aborder la question d’une manière différente en analysant systématiquement tous les éditoriaux parus dans le quotidien sur une période de près d’un demi-siècle, soit depuis la fondation du Devoir en 1910 jusqu’à l’arrivée de Claude Ryan à la direction du journal en 1963. Une lecture attentive de près de 16 000 éditoriaux révèle que les Juifs et le judaïsme ont occupé une place somme toute assez mineure dans les pages du Devoir. Pour l’essentiel, les éditorialistes de ce journal ne se sont intéressés à cette question qu’au cours d’une période bien précise des années 1930, soit de 1933 à 1939, et dans un contexte fortement marqué par les persécutions juives en Allemagne nazie. Il n’en reste pas moins que la méfiance envers les Juifs est un élément présent dans Le Devoir jusqu’au milieu des années 1940, et qui apparaît de manière plus explicite au moment de la grande crise économique des années 1930. Dans cet article, l’auteur tente de cerner les raisons qui ont poussé Le Devoir à exprimer des réticences face à une présence juive au Québec, qui ont beaucoup à faire avec l’enseignement doctrinaire de l’Église catholique préconciliaire.
High-dynamic-range cross-correlator for shot-to-shot measurement of temporal contrast
Authors: Kon Akira , Nishiuchi Mamiko , Kiriyama Hiromitsu , Ogura Koichi , Mori Michiaki , Sakaki Hironao , Kando Masaki , Kondo Kiminori 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The temporal contrast of an ultrahigh-intensity laser is a crucial parameter for laser plasma experiments. We have developed a multichannel cross-correlator (MCCC) for single-shot measurements of the temporal contrast in a high-power laser system. The MCCC is based on third-order cross-correlation, and has four channels and independent optical delay lines. We have experimentally demonstrated that the MCCC system achieves a high dynamic range of ∼1012 and a large temporal window of ∼1 ns. Moreover, we were able to measure the shot-to-shot fluctuations of a short-prepulse intensity at −26 ps and long-pulse (amplified spontaneous emission, ASE) intensities at −30, −450, and −950 ps before the arrival of the main pulse at the interaction point.
The effects of the gender-culture interaction on self-reports of depressive symptoms: cross-cultural study among Egyptians and Canadians
Authors: Huang Vivian , Beshai Shadi , Yu Mabel 
Published: December 2016

PurposeResearch in depression has revealed differences in the way depressed individuals across cultures report their symptoms. This literature also points to possible differences in symptom reporting patterns between men and women. Using data from a larger dataset (Beshai et al. 2016), the current study examined whether non-depressed and depressed Egyptian and Canadian men and women differed in their self-report of the various domains of the Beck Depression Inventory –II (BDI-II).MethodWe recruited a total of 131 depressed and non-depressed participants from both Egypt (n= 29 depressed;n= 29 non-depressed) and Canada (n= 35 depressed;n= 38 non-depressed). Depression status was ascertained using a structured interview. All participants were asked to complete the BDI-II along with other self-report measures of depression. BDI-II items were divided into two subscales in accordance with Dozois, Dobson & Ahnberg (1998) factor analysis: cognitive-affective and somatic-vegetative subscales.ResultsWe found a significant three-way interaction effect on the cognitive-affective (F(1,121) = 9.51,p= .003) and main effect of depression status on somatic-vegetative subscales (F(1,121) = 42.80,p< .001). Post hoc analyses revealed that depressed Egyptian men reported lower scores on the cognitive-affective subscale of the BDI-II compared to their depressed Canadian male counterparts.ConclusionsThese results suggest that males across cultures may differentially report cognitive symptoms of depression. These results also suggest that clinicians and clinical scientists need to further examine the interaction effect of culture and gender when investigating self-reported symptoms of depression.
Wetland monitoring with Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry
Authors: Nghiem Son V. , Zuffada Cinzia , Shah Rashmi , Chew Clara , Lowe Stephen T. , Mannucci Anthony J. , Cardellach Estel , Brakenridge G. Robert , Geller Gary , Rosenqvist Ake 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInformation about wetland dynamics remains a major missing gap in characterizing, understanding, and projecting changes in atmospheric methane and terrestrial water storage. A review of current satellite methods to delineate and monitor wetland change shows some recent advances, but much improved sensing technologies are still needed for wetland mapping, not only to provide more accurate global inventories but also to examine changes spanning multiple decades. Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry (GNSS‐R) signatures from aircraft over the Ebro River Delta in Spain and satellite measurements over the Mississippi River and adjacent watersheds demonstrate that inundated wetlands can be identified under different vegetation conditions including a dense rice canopy and a thick forest with tall trees, where optical sensors and monostatic radars provide limited capabilities. Advantages as well as constraints of GNSS‐R are presented, and the synergy with various satellite observations are considered to achieve a breakthrough capability for multidecadal wetland dynamics monitoring with frequent global coverage at multiple spatial and temporal scales.
Effect of a sheared flow on iceberg motion and melting
Authors: FitzMaurice A. , Straneo F. , Cenedese C. , Andres M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIcebergs account for approximately half the freshwater flux into the ocean from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and play a major role in the distribution of meltwater into the ocean. Global climate models distribute this freshwater by parameterizing iceberg motion and melt, but these parameterizations are presently informed by limited observations. Here we present a record of speed and draft for 90 icebergs from Sermilik Fjord, southeastern Greenland, collected in conjunction with wind and ocean velocity data over an 8 month period. It is shown that icebergs subject to strongly sheared flows predominantly move with the vertical average of the ocean currents. If, as typical in iceberg parameterizations, only the surface ocean velocity is taken into account, iceberg speed and basal melt may have errors in excess of 60%. These results emphasize the need for parameterizations to consider ocean properties over the entire iceberg draft.
Use of spherical elementary currents to map the polar current systems associated with the geomagnetic sudden commencements on 2013 and 2015 St. Patrick's Day storms
Authors: Marsal S. , Torta J. M. , Segarra A. , Araki T. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAraki's model of geomagnetic sudden commencements (SCs) establishes that the ground magnetic signatures globally observed after the onset produced by an increased solar wind dynamic pressure impacting on the Earth's magnetosphere are caused by the setting up of a system of electric currents in the coupled magnetosphere‐ionosphere. This current system consists of a particular evolving set of magnetopause currents closing in the ionosphere through geomagnetic field‐aligned currents (FACs) and their induced counterpart. The present paper confirms the starting assumptions of the referred model by use of spherical elementary current systems (SECS), namely, the existence of FACs reversing polarity during the first couple of minutes of the SC. It is the first time that SECS have been applied to the study of SCs. The method has been fed with data from more than 100 stations of the global network of geomagnetic observatories and variometer sites in the northern hemisphere so as to provide a reliable pattern of the equivalent current system flowing at ionospheric heights on the occasion of the SCs associated with the 2013 and 2015 St. Patrick's Day storms. The combined analysis of solar wind data and the synoptic view of the SC current patterns provided by SECS allows it to explain some of the differences observed between both events.
Study on the relationship between the residual 27 day quasiperiodicity and ionospheric Q disturbances
Authors: Chen Zhou , Wang Jing‐Song , Deng Xiaohua , Deng Yue , Huang Chun‐Ming , Li Hai Meng , Wu Zhi Xu 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the relationship between the residual 27 day quasiperiodicity (QP) and Q disturbances is studied using three methods. Two Q disturbances identified by the monthly median method (MMM) and the commonly used 27 day running median centered method (RMC) show significant diurnal variation but are seen quiet in the same period when the spectral whitening method (SWM) is used. Further analysis indicates that diurnally varying Q disturbance events tend to appear in the extreme value position (EVP) of QP, which are the Q disturbance events related to QP. And their percentages are 81.8% for RMC and 95.6% for MMM but 0% for SWM. By studying the power spectrum, it suggests that the QP is the significant frequency component in the frequency domain of RfoF2‐RMC and RfoF2‐MMM (RfoF2 denotes to the relative deviation of foF2). However, there are no obvious periodic components in RfoF2‐SWM. Finally, to further verify whether the QP can contribute to common Q disturbance events, band‐pass filtering is used to extract the QP at different stations. The occurrence percentages of Q disturbances in the EVP of QP thus obtained with MMM and RMC are higher than with SWM for 90% of the stations. In addition, the average occurrence percentage based on RMC (37.5%) is also significantly higher than the percentage of EVP (23.2%). These findings suggest that the limitations of traditional methods lead to a significant QP in their results and that this residual QP may cause artificial Q disturbances.
Evidence for periodic variations in the thickness of Saturn's nightside plasma sheet
Authors: Thomsen M. F. , Jackman C. M. , Cowley S. W. H. , Jia X. , Kivelson M. G. , Provan G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDuring certain portions of the Cassini mission to Saturn, Cassini made repeated and periodic crossings of the magnetospheric current sheet that lies near the magnetic equator and extends well down the magnetospheric tail. These repeated crossings are part of the puzzling set of planetary period variations in numerous magnetospheric properties that have been discovered at Saturn. During 2010 these periodic crossings often display asymmetries such that the northbound crossing occurs faster than the southbound crossing or vice versa, while at other times the crossings are more symmetric. The character of the crossings is well organized by the relative phase of the northern versus southern perturbation currents inferred in earlier analyses of the magnetic field observations. Further, the dependence of the character of the crossings on the relative phase is consistent with similar asymmetries predicted both by the dual rotating current systems inferred from magnetic field observations and by global MHD models that incorporate the effects of hypothesized atmospheric vortices. The two models are themselves in generally good agreement on those predictions. In both models the asymmetries are attributable to a periodic thickening and thinning of the magnetospheric current sheet, combined with a periodic vertical flapping of the sheet. The Cassini observations thus provide additional observational support to such current systems as a likely explanation for many of the known magnetospheric planetary period variations.
An empirical model of ion plasma in the inner magnetosphere derived from CRRES/MICS measurements
Authors: Claudepierre S. G. , Chen M. W. , Roeder J. L. , Fennell J. F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe describe an empirical model of energetic ion plasma (∼20–400 keV/q) that is constructed from measurements taken by the Magnetospheric Ion Composition Spectrometer (MICS) instrument that flew on the CRRES spacecraft. This is a unique data set in that it provides energetic ion composition in the near‐equatorial ring current region during a very active solar maximum. The model database is binned by energy, equatorial pitch angle, L shell, and magnetic local time and provides unidirectional, differential number fluxes of the major ionic constituents of the inner magnetosphere, such as protons (H+), singly charged oxygen (O+), and singly charged helium (He+). The H+ and O+ model fluxes are examined in detail and are consistent with well‐known particle transport effects (e.g., adiabatic heating). We also validate these model fluxes against a number of other ion plasma models that are available in the literature. The primary finding is the elevated levels of energetic O+ flux during the CRRES era. We attribute this to a solar cycle effect, related to the enhanced upwelling and oxygen outflow from the ionosphere that occurs during solar maximum, driven by elevated solar extreme ultraviolet radiation. We briefly discuss the implications that the enhanced O+ environment during the CRRES era may have for other results derived from CRRES observations (e.g., statistical wave distributions).
Multiple subtropical stratospheric intrusions over Reunion Island: Observational, Lagrangian, and Eulerian numerical modeling approaches
Authors: Vérèmes H. , Cammas J.‐P. , Baray J.‐L. , Keckhut P. , Barthe C. , Posny F. , Tulet P. , Dionisi D. , Bielli S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSignatures of multiple stratospheric intrusions were observed on simultaneous and collocated ozone and water vapor profiles retrieved by lidars and radiosondes at the Maïdo Observatory, Reunion Island (21°S, 55°E, 2160 m above sea level), during MAïdo LIdar Calibration CAmpaign in April 2013. A singular structure of the ozone vertical profile with three peaks (in excess of 90 ppbv, at ~8, ~10, and ~13 km altitude) embedded in a thick dry layer of air suggested stratospheric intrusions with multiple origins. The hypothesis is corroborated by a synoptic analysis based on re‐analyses. European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts ERA‐Interim temporal series associated with 5 days Lagrangian back trajectories initialized on each ozone peak allows to capture their stratospheric origin. The ozone peak at the lowest altitude is associated with an irreversible tropopause folding process along the polar jet stream during an extratropical cutoff low formation. Simultaneous lidar water vapor profiles of this peak show that the anticorrelation with ozone has been removed, due to mixing processes. Back trajectories indicate that the two other ozone peaks observed at higher altitudes are associated with the dynamics of the subtropical jet stream and the lower stratosphere. The observations confirm the recent stratospheric origins. The highest ozone peak is explained by the horizontal distribution of the intrusion. Use of a Lagrangian Reverse Domain Filling model and of the Meso‐NH Eulerian mesoscale model with a passive stratospheric tracer allow to further document the stratosphere‐troposphere transport processes and to describe the detailed potential vorticity and ozone structures in which are embedded in the observed multiple stratospheric intrusions.
A study of National Lightning Detection Network responses to natural lightning based on ground truth data acquired at LOG with emphasis on cloud discharge activity
Authors: Zhu Y. , Rakov V. A. , Tran M. D. , Nag A. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) detection efficiency (DE) and classification accuracy (CA) for cloud discharge (IC) activity (identified here by a sequence of non‐return‐stroke‐type electric field pulses not accompanied by channels to ground) were evaluated using optical and electric field data acquired at the LOG (Lightning Observatory in Gainesville), Florida. Our ground truth “IC events” include 26 “isolated IC events” (complete IC flashes), 58 “IC events before first return stroke,” and 69 “IC events after first return stroke.” For the total of 153 IC events, 33% were detected by the NLDN, and the classification accuracy was 86%. For complete IC flashes, the detection efficiency and classification accuracy were 73% and 95%, respectively, and the average number of NLDN‐reported cloud pulses was 2.9 per detected event. For 24 preliminary breakdown pulse trains in CG flashes, the detection efficiency and classification accuracy were 46% and 82%, respectively. We have additionally estimated the DE and CA for return strokes in CG flashes. Irrespective of stroke order and polarity, the DE was 92% (339/367), and the CA was also 92% (312/339). The DEs for negative first and subsequent strokes were 98% and 90%, respectively.
Synthetic Studies Toward the Crassifoside F: Synthesis of Oxygen‐Rich Bicyclic Core
Authors: Maurya Sushil K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn approach to the total synthesis of crassifoside F, a natural product isolated from Curculigo crassifolia with ACE (angiotensin‐converting enzyme) inhibitory activity, has been developed. An intramolecular SN2 reaction has been employed as the key reaction to construct the central oxygen rich core. The glucosyl‐fused eight‐membered cyclic skeleton present in this natural product is unique and has been formed via a AuI catalyzed novel glycosidation reaction using a 1,2‐propargyl orthoester and different asymmetric reactions. Moreover, this ring has been selected as a handle to control the stereochemistry.
Highly Selective Synergistic Copper(I/II)‐Catalyzed A3 Cross Coupling/Decarboxylative A3 Domino Reactions in Water
Authors: Feng Huangdi , Zhao Panfeng , Huang Liliang , Sun Zhihua , Tong Minchao 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA microwave‐assisted copper‐catalyzed A3 cross‐coupling/decarboxylative A3 domino reaction of a propiolic acid, an aldehyde, a formaldehyde solution and an amine is described. This strategy represents the first one‐pot cross‐coupling reaction for the direct synthesis of trisubstituted unsymmetrical 2‐butynes with a broad functional group tolerance in good yields (up to 91 %) and excellent chemoselectivity. The simultaneous activation of both the C−COOH and C−H bond of propiolic acid is crucial in this approach, and only carbon dioxide and water are generated as byproducts.
Catalysis‐Driven Self‐Thermophoresis of Janus Plasmonic Nanomotors
Authors: Qin Weiwei , Peng Tianhuan , Gao Yanjing , Wang Fei , Hu Xiaocai , Wang Kun , Shi Jiye , Li Di , Ren Jicun , Fan Chunhai 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIt is highly demanding to design active nanomotors that can move in response to specific signals with controllable rate and direction. A catalysis‐driven nanomotor was constructed by designing catalytically and plasmonically active Janus gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), which generate an asymmetric temperature gradient of local solvent surrounding NPs in catalytic reactions. The self‐thermophoresis behavior of the Janus nanomotor is monitored from its inherent plasmonic response. The diffusion coefficient of the self‐thermophoresis motion is linearly dependent on chemical reaction rate, as described by a stochastic model.