bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT‐guided percutaneous hookwire localization increases the efficacy and safety of VATS for pulmonary nodules
Authors: Klinkenberg Theo J. , Dinjens Lars , Wolf Rienhart F. E. , van der Wekken Anthonie J. , van de Wauwer Caroline , de Bock Geertruida H. , Timens Wim , Mariani Massimo A. , Groen Harry J. M. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESThe diagnosis of pulmonary nodules of unknown origin is challenging, and such nodules are not always suitable for transthoracic needle biopsy. With the advent of video assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) and CT‐guided percutaneous hookwire localization (CT‐PHL) we hypothesized that the combination of these two procedures will improve early diagnosis.METHODSSelection criteria were a nodule not well approachable with fine needle biopsy and the therapeutic consequences of a diagnosis as assessed by the multidisciplinary oncology board. Efficacy and safety of the combination of CT‐PHL prior to VATS was studied in terms of, histological diagnosis, complete resection rate, complications, conversion rate to thoracotomy, and duration of procedures.RESULTSA total of 150 pulmonary nodules were located and resected in 150 patients. The median nodule diameter was 9 mm (range 4‐24) and located within 30 mm of the pleural surface (median 7, range 0‐29). The resection was complete in 96%, and in 100% a definitive histological diagnosis was obtained. Complications requiring intervention during the CT‐procedure occurred in 11 patients (7.3%). Complications of VATS consisted of major complications (2.0%) and minor complications (4.0%). The 30 Day mortality was 1.4% and in hospital mortality 0.7%. Conversion to thoracotomy occurred in 4.7% patients. Median CT‐localization time was 25 min (range 5‐72), median VATS time was 49 min (range 14‐169).CONCLUSIONSCT‐PHL is a very efficient and safe procedure prior to VATS for pulmonary nodules and allows in 96% radical resection with a diagnostic accuracy of 100%.
Routine port‐site excision in incidentally discovered gallbladder cancer is not associated with improved survival: A multi‐institution analysis from the US Extrahepatic Biliary Malignancy Consortium
Authors: Ethun Cecilia G. , Postlewait Lauren M. , Le Nina , Pawlik Timothy M. , Poultsides George , Tran Thuy , Idrees Kamran , Isom Chelsea A. , Fields Ryan C. , Krasnick Bradley A. , Weber Sharon M. , Salem Ahmed , Martin Robert C. G. , Scoggins Charles R. , Shen Perry , Mogal Harveshp D. , Schmidt Carl , Beal Eliza , Hatzaras Ioannis , Shenoy Rivfka , Cardona Kenneth , Maithel Shishir K. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDCurrent data on the utility of port‐site excision (PSE) during re‐resection for incidentally discovered gallbladder cancer (IGBC) in the US are conflicting and limited to single‐institution series.METHODSAll patients with IGBC who underwent curative re‐resection at 10 institutions from 2000 to 2015 were included. Patients with and without PSE were compared. Primary outcome was overall survival (OS).RESULTSOf 449 pts with GBC, 266 were incidentally discovered, of which 193(73%) underwent curative re‐resection and had port‐site data; 47 pts(24%) underwent PSE, 146(76%) did not. The PSE rate remained similar over time (2000‐2004: 33%; 2005‐2009: 22%; 2010‐2015:22%; P = 0.36). Both groups had similar demographics, operative procedures, and post‐operative complications. There was no difference in T‐stage (T1: 9 vs. 11%; T2: 52 vs. 52%; T3: 39 vs. 38%; P = 0.96) or LN involvement (36 vs. 41%; P = 0.7) between groups. A 3‐year OS was similar between PSE and no PSE groups (65 vs. 43%; P = 0.07). On univariable analysis, residual disease at re‐resection (HR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.4‐3.3; P = 0.001), high tumor grade, and advanced T‐stage were associated with decreased OS. Only grade and T‐stage, but not PSE, persisted on multivariable analysis. Distant disease recurrence‐rate was identical between PSE and no PSE groups (80 vs. 81%; P = 1.0).CONCLUSIONPort‐site excision during re‐resection for IGBC is not associated with improved overall survival and has the same distant disease recurrence compared to no port‐site excision. Routine port‐site excision is not recommended.
Mapping Land Suitability for Agriculture in Malawi
Authors: Li Guiying , Messina Joseph P. , Peter Brad G. , Snapp Sieglinde S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPopulation growth, climate sensitivity, and edaphic properties are important factors that influence decision‐making and risk mitigation for agricultural production. Within the agricultural sector in Malawi, continuous cropping without the use of long‐term sustainable strategies and frequent cultivation on marginal lands have resulted in continually declining soil fertility. Improving soil quality of marginal lands using innovative technologies is imperative for increasing agricultural productivity and improving food security. Here, we propose an ensemble approach to map agricultural land suitability and identify the distribution of marginal land in Malawi. Quantitative data available for eight soil and terrain factors were rated individually, and five distinct models were applied to generate a spatial distribution map of land suitability. The results indicate that highly suitable, moderately suitable, marginally suitable, and unsuitable agricultural areas account for 8·2%, 24·1%, 28·0%, and 39·7% of the total land area, respectively. The majority of suitable lands are currently used for agriculture, but more than half (57·4%) of Malawi's total cropland exists on marginally suitable or unsuitable land categories and is likely a candidate for rehabilitation through sustainable agricultural practices. The methods and products herein will be valuable resources for effectively managing and improving Malawi's agricultural lands for increasing food security. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using OSL Measurements to Decipher Soil History in Archaeological Terraces, Judean Highlands, Israel
Authors: Porat Naomi , Davidovich Uri , Avni Yoav , Avni Gideon , Gadot Yuval 
Published: February 2017

AbstractArchaeological terraces are a prominent feature of the agricultural sphere in hilly landscape throughout the Mediterranean, and dating of these simply built features is of utmost importance. Excavations and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of the soil fill of terraces were previously carried out on Mt. Eitan, the Judean Highlands, Israel. Archaeological surveys showed that Mt. Eitan was almost continuously settled from the Middle Bronze Age until modern times. However, OSL dating showed that all extant terraces were constructed 500–200 years ago, during the Ottoman Period, while older ages (Hellenistic to Mamluk periods) are limited to the base of several terraces. Many samples dated to the Ottoman period contain older quartz grains, indicating partial bleaching at the time of terrace construction; these grains might preserve older episodes of terrace building. To test this, we calculated ages for all measured aliquots and used the finite mixture model on the dataset to identify age components not apparent in the OSL age spectrum. Results show that aliquot ages cluster into only a few periods, of which four distinct components fall within the 14th–19th centuries (Christ era). The Hellenistic–Roman and Early Islamic periods are also represented, even in areas where terraces with such ages were not found, while the Persian Iron and Bronze Age periods are not represented at all. The unbleached grains thus preserve episodes of terrace building no longer represented in the landscape. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of iron limitation on cyanobacteria major nutrient and trace element stoichiometry
Authors: Cunningham Brady R. , John Seth G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPhytoplankton elemental stoichiometry provides a window into the interactions between marine nutrient distributions and phytoplankton growth. Here, we report the extended elemental stoichiometry of two non‐diazotrophic cyanobacteria strains, Synechococcus WH7803 and Prochlorococcus MED4, in both Fe‐replete and Fe‐deplete media. Fe concentrations were reduced by two orders of magnitude in the Fe‐deplete media, causing growth rates to decline by 38% and 24%, respectively. The average elemental composition of Fe‐replete cells was (C76.5N19P1)1000Fe52.5Mn1.90Zn0.86Cu0.40Ni0.40Co0.05Cd0.0020, while Fe‐limited cells averaged (C121N30P1)1000Fe12.2Mn3.22Zn1.70Cu0.41Ni0.36Co0.11Cd0.0038 The trace‐metal stoichiometries measured here are similar to the ranges previously measured for a strain of Synechococcus and for many species of large eukaryotic phytoplankton. In contrast to large eukaryotic phytoplankton, which have previously exhibited either unchanged or decreased N : P under Fe‐limited conditions, Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus increased N : P in Fe‐deplete media by 58% and 67%, respectively. Previous studies have examined the direct role of Fe in limiting nitrogen fixation by diazotrophs, but this study suggests a second mechanism by which Fe may impact nutrient cycling, by influencing the N : P uptake ratio of non‐diazotrophic cyanobacteria. A model of cyanobacteria distribution and Fe limitation is combined with the N : P stoichiometries measured here to suggest that up to 40% of the particulate organic nitrogen in the surface ocean might be associated with Fe‐limited waters, with the strongest effect observed in the Prochlorococcus dominated subtropical Pacific. Thus, if the effect on N : P we observe in culture is widespread in the oceans it would mean that Fe‐limitation could play a major role in global nitrogen and carbon cycling.
A Review on the Cognitive Neuroscience of Autism
Authors: Koyama Alain 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWith increased recognition in the media, heightened prevalence, and advances in research technologies, investigation into the causes of autism has broadened in recent years. Studies at the molecular, structural, and behavioral levels have resulted in significant findings, linking autism to qualitative differences in neurological function and an alteration of early development. Familial aggregation of autism demonstrates a strong genetic factor, although genetics can not completely account for its pathogenesis. Studies show autism having one of the most complex pathologies among neurodevelopmental disorders. Future studies applying sophisticated methodologies in new areas may shed light on current mysteries surrounding the disorder.
Electrodermal Recordings During Human Orgasm
Authors: Kerassidis Stelios 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that palmar sweat glands activation is expressed every time a mass sympathetic activation takes place. We performed (i) eleven palmar electrodermal recordings during sexual intercourse and orgasm of one male and one female student, (ii) 4 palmar electrodermal recordings plus heart rate during sexual intercourse and orgasm of the same couple, and (iii) 3 plantar electrodermal recordings during masturbation and ejaculation of 3 male students. High palmar electodermal activity was recorded during sexual intercourse but small during orgasm. The higher value of heart rate was recorded at the moment of orgasm. Sizeable plantar electodermal response was recorded during ejaculation after masturbation. We concluded that the palmar sweat glands activation cannot be considered as an indiscriminate following of sympathetic discharge.
Trauma-related Structural Dissociation of the Personality
Authors: Nijenhuis Ellert , van der Hart Onno , Steele Kathy 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMany traumatized individuals alternate between re-experiencing their trauma and being detached from, or even relatively unaware of the trauma and its effects. At first sight one may be inclined to conceptualize detachment from trauma and re-experiencing of trauma as mental states. However, on closer scrutiny it becomes apparent that in both cases a range or cluster of states rather than a singular state is involved. For example, being detached from trauma does not itself exclude being joyful, ashamed, sexually aroused, or curious at times, and re-experiencing trauma can encompass states such as fleeing, freezing, and being in pain or being analgesic. In this paper we relate detachment from trauma and re-experiencing trauma to emotional operating systems (Panksepp, 1998) and functional systems (Fanselow & Lester, 1988), briefly addressed as action systems. Action systems control a range of functions, but some are more complex than others. Reexperiencing trauma will be associated with the inborn and evolutionary derived defensive system that is evoked by severe threat, in particular threat to the integrity of the body. As a complex system, it encompasses various subsystems, such as flight, freeze, and fight. Detachment from trauma, in our view, is associated with several action systems (Panksepp, 1998), i.e., the ones that control functions in daily life (e.g., exploration of the environment, energy control), and the ones that are dedicated to survival of the species (e.g., reproduction, attachment to and care for offspring). In this context we will maintain that severe threat may provoke a structural dissociation of the premorbid personality (Van der Hart, 2000). In its primary form this dissociation is between the defensive system on one hand, and the systems that involve managing daily life and survival of the species on the other hand. To summarize the essence of the theory of structural dissociation of the personality, we argue (1) that traumatic experiences, especially when they occur early in life and involve severe threat to the integrity of the body, may activate psychobiological action systems that have been developed by evolution, and (2) that due to extreme stress levels and classical as well as evaluative conditioning to traumatic memories these systems may remain unintegrated to varying degrees.
Theoretical Implications on Visual (Color) Representation and Cytochrome Oxidase Blobs
Authors: Bókkon István , Vimal Ram L. P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe rich concentration of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase (CO) blobs in the V1 (striate) primate visual cortex has never been explained. Although the distribution of CO blobs provided a persuasive example of columnar structure in the V1, there are contradictions about the existence of hypercolumns. Since photoreceptors and other retinal cells process and convey basically external visible photonic signals, it suggests that one of the most important tasks of early visual areas is to represent these external visible color photonic signals during visual perception. This representation may occur essentially in CO-rich blobs of the V1. Here we suggest that the representation of external visible photon signals (i.e. visual representation) can be the most energetic allocation process in the brain, which is reasonably performed by the highest density neuron al V1 areas and mitochondrial-rich cytochrome oxidases. It is also raised that the functional unit for phosphene induction can be linked to small clusters of Co —rich blobs in V1. We present some implications about distinction between the physics of visible photons/ light and its subjective experiences. We also discuss that amodal and modal visual completions are possible due to the visual perception induced visualization when the brain tries to interpret the unseen parts of objects or represent features of perceived objects that are not actually visible. It is raised that continuously produced intrinsic bioluminescent photons from retinal lipid peroxidation may have functional role in initial development of retinogeniculate pathways as well as initial appearance topographic organizations of V1 before birth. Finally, the metaphysical framework is the extended version of dual-aspect monism (DAMv) that has the least number of problems compared to all other frameworks and hence it is better than the materialism that is currently dominant in science.
Polythematic Delusions and Logico-Theoretical vs. Experimentalist Turn of Mind
Authors: Franceschi Paul 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This article aims to contribute to cognitive therapy of polythematic delusions by proposing a preliminary step to the implementation of traditional cognitive therapy, based on the construction of alternative hypotheses to delusions and testing of the latter. This additional step resides in the construction in the patient of the necessary skills to use the general experimentalist method of knowledge acquisition. Such an approach is based on the contrast between the logico-theoretical and the experimentalist turn of mind. Some elements such as to allow any such construction in the patient are then described and analyzed.
Moravec’s Paradox: Consideration in the Context of Two Brain Hemisphere Functions
Authors: Rotenberg Vadim S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
According to Moravec’s paradox contrary to traditional assumptions, high-level reasoning requires very little computation compared to low-level sensorimotor skills that require enormous computational resources. For example, it is possible to make computers exhibit adult level performance on intelligence tests or playing checkers, but extremely difficult or impossible to give them the skills like perception or mobility. Several findings suggest that explanation of Moravec’s paradox is related to the different functions of the human left and right hemispheres.
Is Epilepsy a Cause of Cognitive Decline in Developing Brain
Authors: Nehra Ashima , Tripathi Manjari , Bhatia Rohit , Srivastava M. V. Padma , Singh Mamta B. , Chopra Sakshi , Kaur Harsimarpreet , Bajpai Swati 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic noncommunicable disorder of the brain that affects people of all ages. Around 50 million people worldwide have epilepsy (WHO, 2012). 45,000 children under the age of 15, develop epilepsy each year (Epilepsy Foundation, 2010). Lower income was, however, associated with a higher incidence of epilepsy in all ethnic groups (Benn, et al., 2008). Neuropsychological impairment is an important co-morbidity of chronic epilepsy (Elger et al., 2004). Recent investigations have focused on the cumulative neurobiological burden associated with epilepsy and the risk of progressive cognitive impairment, but none have studied the effect of epilepsy on cognition on the developing brain, from India so far. Hence, the aim of the study was to study the effect of the temporal and extra temporal epilepsy on the cognitive functioning of children aged 7–12 years. Methodology: a cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 52 consenting children with an history of seizure (the 1st seizure occurred at least three months back i.e. the problem of seizure disorder was at least three months old) of neuropsychological assessment of epilepsy were administered with standardized neuropsychological tests, namely (Gesell’s Drawing Test- by Verma et al., 1972, PGI-Memory Scale for children- by Kohli et al., 1998) Results indicated significant findings in nine areas of neuropsychological functioning, namely immediate recall (p=0.001), followed by delayed recall (p=0.001), attention and concentration (p=0.001), recent memory (p=0.001), remote memory (p=0.001), visual retention (p=0.001), retention for similar pairs (p=0.001), mental balance (p=0.001), recognition (p=0.001) as compared to controls. Conclusion: results show that epilepsy does have a significant effect on cognition of children. However, a larger cohort study needs to be carried out to make substantiate claims.
Rapid Relief of Treatment Resistant Depression by Facilitated Ketamine Infusion: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Devore Best Steven R. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
By combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with intravenous ketamine therapy, we sought to increase the therapeutic value of TMS and, at the same time, to improve the efficacy of intravenous ketamine therapy among depressed patients previously classified as non-responders. In this preliminary report, we provide evidence for a new and much more reliable method of treating patients with treatment resistant depression. Twenty-eight patients with various degrees of treatment unresponsive depression were treated with a combination of TMS and ketamine infusion. Of these patients, twenty received pretreatment for 3 days to 2 weeks involving intensive (thrice daily) rTMS treatment administered 6 or 7 days/week or priming TMS treatment immediately prior to the combination TMSketamine infusion combination therapy. Eight patients received neither pretreatment nor priming. All of the 28 patients who did fully participate in the first month of treatment experienced relief of psychiatric symptoms, and showed significant psychosocial recovery. In contrast to previous studies examining ketamine or rTMS individually, the positive outcomes presented here suggest a synergistic effect of the combination therapy of TMS and ketamine infusion.
Psychological Principles of Learning Language in Children with ADHD and Dyslexia
Authors: Konicarova Jana 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Recent epidemiological data show that Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Dyslexia are highly prevalent in children population which needs to focus on research of special forms of education that are specifically different for various learning disciplines. Major problems of these children with ADHD and dyslexia that were found in developmental and school psychology research are high occurrence of reading and spelling errors and attentional deficits. Serious problem in special education that play very important role in school environment of these children represent also various forms of behavioral disorders that in typical forms may manifest as uncontrolled and involuntary speech and movements. In many cases these deficits are developmentally influenced and may be specifically linked to increased fatigue and decreased attention that may lead to manifestation of cognitive tiredness or exhaustion and various forms primary reflex behavior related to involuntary movements. In addition these children with ADHD and dyslexia are highly sensitive to various psychosocial stressors that make school environment highly specific with respect to relaxed atmosphere in the classroom. In addition these children need a high level of acceptance and special learning regimes as for time schedules and classroom arrangement which is inconsistent with majority of traditional forms of teaching and learning in the classroom. These specific regimes of teaching and learning in children with ADHD and dyslexia, although they have certain general rules, need to be specifically applied to various learning disciplines and in teaching and learning language the main focus is on non stressful environment and communicative atmosphere of acceptance.
Case of “Premonitory Depression” in Patient with Major Depressive Disorder Followed by Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Okamura Tsuyoshi , Arai Hitomi , Furukaw Masaomi , Tanaka Osamu , Hosoda Masuhiro , Nakajima Sayaka , Furuta Kou , Ito Kae , Awata Shuichi , Matsushita Masaaki 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present the case of a patient who was diagnosed with “premonitory depression.” It is well known that cancer patients have higher rates of depression than general population. This is particularly true for those who suffer from pancreatic cancer, and such patients have a high incidence of depression compared to those who suffer from other malignancies. According to some hypotheses depression disorder associated with pancreatic cancer may be related to immunological interference with the activity of serotonin.