bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repair of (6‐4) Lesions in DNA by (6‐4) Photolyase: 20 Years of Quest for the Photoreaction Mechanism
Authors: Yamamoto Junpei , Plaza Pascal , Brettel Klaus 
Published: December 2016

AbstractExposure of DNA to ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun or from other sources causes the formation of harmful and carcinogenic crosslinks between adjacent pyrimidine nucleobases, namely cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine(6–4)pyrimidone photoproducts. Nature has developed unique flavoenzymes, called DNA photolyases, that utilize blue light, that is photons of lower energy than those of the damaging light, to repair these lesions. In this review, we focus on the chemically challenging repair of the (6–4) photoproducts by (6–4) photolyase and describe the major events along the quest for the reaction mechanisms, over the 20 years since the discovery of (6‐4) photolyase.
Home‐based telerehabilitation via real‐time videoconferencing improves endurance exercise capacity in patients with COPD: The randomized controlled TeleR Study
Authors: Tsai Ling Ling Y. , McNamara Renae J. , Moddel Chloe , Alison Jennifer A. , McKenzie David K. , McKeough Zoe J. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveTelerehabilitation has the potential to increase access to pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for patients with COPD who have difficulty accessing centre‐based PR due to poor mobility, lack of transport and cost of travel. We aimed to determine the effect of supervised, home‐based, real‐time videoconferencing telerehabilitation on exercise capacity, self‐efficacy, health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical activity in patients with COPD compared with usual care without exercise training.MethodsPatients with COPD were randomized to either a supervised home‐based telerehabilitation group (TG) that received exercise training three times a week for 8 weeks or a control group (CG) that received usual care without exercise training. Outcomes were measured at baseline and following the intervention.ResultsThirty‐six out of 37 participants (mean ± SD age = 74 ± 8 years, forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1
) = 64 ± 21% predicted) completed the study. Compared with the CG, the TG showed a statistically significant increase in endurance shuttle walk test time (mean difference = 340 s (95% CI: 153–526, P < 0.001)), an increase in self‐efficacy (mean difference = 8 points (95% CI: 2–14, P < 0.007)), a trend towards a statistically significant increase in the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire total score (mean difference = 8 points (95% CI: −1 to 16, P = 0.07)) and no difference in physical activity (mean difference = 475 steps per day (95% CI: −200 to 1151, P = 0.16)).ConclusionThis study showed that telerehabilitation improved endurance exercise capacity and self‐efficacy in patients with COPD when compared with usual care.
Impaired Akt Phosphorylation in Monocytes of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Kuuliala K. , Kuuliala A. , Hämäläinen M. , Koivuniemi R. , Kautiainen H. , Moilanen E. , Repo H. , Leirisalo‐Repo M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIt has been proposed that the Akt kinase pathway provides a regulatory mechanism to limit the inflammatory response. We examined the activation of Akt upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in monocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and correlated it with disease activity. Twelve subjects with recent‐onset, DMARD‐naïve RA, thirteen patients with chronic, DMARD therapy–non‐responding RA and 27 healthy volunteers provided whole blood samples for phosphospecific flow cytometric measurement of unstimulated and LPS‐stimulated Akt phosphorylation at serine 473 in monocytes, determined in relative fluorescence units (RFU). Activation capability, that is responsiveness of monocytes, was determined as the difference between stimulated and unstimulated samples and compared between groups using Mann–Whitney test. CRP and ESR, swollen and tender joint counts, patients’ global assessment of disease activity, DAS28 score and plasma IL‐6 determined by ELISA were correlated with Akt activation using Spearman method. Median (interquartile range) Akt activation capability was significantly lower in DMARD‐naïve (379 RFU [285, 432], P = 0.016) and even lower in DMARD‐non‐responding RA (258 RFU [213, 338], P < 0.001), compared to healthy controls (505 RFU[408, 639]) and showed a negative correlation with swollen joint count (r = −0.48, CI −0.78 to −0.05, P = 0.014), CRP (r = −0.42, CI −0.80 to −0.02, P = 0.039) and plasma IL‐6 levels (r = −0.44, CI −0.65 to −0.17, P = 0.001). In conclusion, Akt activation capability of monocytes is low in early untreated RA and even lower in chronic, DMARD‐non‐responding RA, suggesting a role for Akt pathway in the pathogenesis of RA.
Mortality and clinical outcomes in children treated with antiretroviral therapy in four African vertical programmes during the first decade of paediatric HIV care, 2001–2010
Authors: Ben‐Farhat Jihane , Schramm Birgit , Nicolay Nathalie , Wanjala Stephen , Szumilin Elisabeth , Balkan Suna , Pujades‐Rodríguez Mar 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo assess mortality and clinical outcomes in children treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) in four African vertical programmes between 2001 and 2010.MethodsCohort analysis of data from HIV‐infected children (<15 years old) initiating ART in four sub‐Saharan HIV programmes in Kenya, Uganda and Malawi, between December 2001 and December 2010. Rates of mortality, programme attrition and first‐line clinico‐immunological failure were calculated by age group (<2, 2–4 and 5–14 years), 1 or 2 years after ART initiation, and risk factors were examined.ResultsA total of 3949 children, 22.7% aged <2 years, 32.2% 2–4 years and 45.1% 5–14 years, were included. At ART initiation, 60.8% had clinical stage 3 or 4, and 46.5% severe immunosuppression. Overall mortality, attrition and 1‐year failure rates were 5.1, 10.8 and 9.0 per 100 person‐years, respectively. Immunosuppression, stage 3 or 4, and underweight were associated with increased rates of mortality, attrition and treatment failure. Adjusted estimates showed lower mortality hazard ratios (HR) among children aged 2–4 years (HR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.42–0.77 than children aged 5–14 years). One‐year treatment failure incidence rate ratios (IRR) were similar regardless of age (IRR = 0.91, 95% CI 0.67–1.25 for <2 years; 1.01, 95% CI 0.83–1.23 for 2–4 years, vs. 5–14 years).ConclusionsGood treatment outcomes were achieved during the first decade of HIV paediatric care despite the late start of therapy. Encouraging early HIV infant diagnosis in and outside prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission programmes, and linkage to care services for early ART initiation, is needed to reduce mortality and delay treatment failure.
Inappropriate prescription of cough remedies among children hospitalised with respiratory illness over the period 2002–2015 in Kenya
Authors: Maina Michuki , Akech Samuel , Mwaniki Paul , Gachau Susan , Ogero Morris , Julius Thomas , Ayieko Phillip , Irimu Grace , English Mike 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo examine trends in prescription of cough medicines over the period 2002–2015 in children aged 1 month to 12 years admitted to Kenyan hospitals with cough, difficulty breathing or diagnosed with a respiratory tract infection.MethodsWe reviewed hospitalisation records of children included in four studies providing cross‐sectional prevalence estimates from government hospitals for six time periods between 2002 and 2015. Children with an atopic illness were excluded. Amongst eligible children, we determined the proportion prescribed any adjuvant medication for cough. Active ingredients in these medicines were often multiple and were classified into five categories: antihistamines, antitussives, mucolytics/expectorants, decongestants and bronchodilators. From late 2006, guidelines discouraging cough medicine use have been widely disseminated and in 2009 national directives to decrease cough medicine use were issued.ResultsAcross the studies, 17 963 children were eligible. Their median age and length of hospital stay were comparable. The proportion of children who received cough medicines shrank across the surveys: approximately 6% [95% CI: 5.4, 6.6] of children had a prescription in 2015 vs. 40% [95% CI: 35.5, 45.6] in 2002. The most common active ingredients were antihistamines and bronchodilators. The relative proportion that included antihistamines has increased over time.ConclusionsThere has been an overall decline in the use of cough medicines among hospitalised children over time. This decline has been associated with educational, policy and mass media interventions.
KONSEP, KUNCI DAN SUMBER PERSONALITI MENURUT PERSPEKTIF ISLAM
Authors: Md Nawi Nurul Hudani , Othman Baharudin 
Published: December 2016

Pembentukan akhlak mulia sangat penting bagi mewujudkan personaliti yang kukuh berlunaskan syariat Islam. Memandangkan setiap manusia mempunyai sifat dan tingkah laku personaliti yang berbeza maka, adalah perlu untuk kita menghalusi seterusnya meneliti isu berkaitan personaliti manusia yang syumul. Sehubungan itu, kertas kerja ini membincangkan konsep, kunci dan sumber personaliti menurut perspektif Islam. Kecetekan dan kurang pemahaman berkaitan trait personaliti sehingga menjadikan trait tersebut amalan rutin yang jengkel dalam diri setiap individu telah mengakibatkan wujudnya pelbagai masalah hubungan dan interaksi dalam konteks kehidupan seharian. Oleh itu, keupayaan dalam mempraktikkan trait personaliti yang konsisten berdasarkan lunas Islam adalah menjadi petanda aras pada suatu penghasilan kerja yang positif. Malah dengan memahami konsep personaliti berpandukan perspektif Islam, kita dapat menikmati kehidupan di dunia dengan lebih baik selain menjadikan hubungan dengan Allah SWT semakin rapat, kuat dan kukuh untuk menuju ke alam yang hakiki nanti.
Effects of a Short-Term Conditioning Intervention on Knee Flexor Sensorimotor and Neuromuscular Performance in Men
Authors: Peer Maria Angelika , Gleeson Nigel 
Published: December 2016

Context: Long-term conditioning programs for enhanced sensorimotor performance have been causally linked to reduced risk of serious ligamentous injury. However, the efficacy of brief, short-term conditioning interventions has not been established. Objective: To assess the effects of short-term sensorimotor conditioning on the knee flexors. Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: 23 males randomly assigned to conditioning (n = 12; age: 20.5 ± 1.8 y; height: 1.80 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 74.3 ± 6.0 kg [mean ± SD]) and no-conditioning control (n = 11; age: 20.6 ± 1.9 y; height: 1.79 ± 0.05 m; body mass: 73.6 ± 6.3 kg) groups. Intervention: Sensorimotor conditioning of the nondominant leg (4 sessions/wk; 3 wk). Main Outcome Measures: Sensorimotor (blind force and limb-position-replication errors) and neuromuscular (peak force, electromechanical delay [volitional and magnetically evoked]) performance of the knee flexors of both legs were assessed. The contralateral limb and an antecedent period of no conditioning were controls. Results: The conditioned leg showed decreased force error to 3.8% (3.8 ± 6.9% vs 6.3 ± 3.7% [mean ± SD], post- vs preconditioning, respectively; F1,21 = 5.4; P = .04) and a trend toward decreased positional error to 2.0% (2.0 ± 6.9% vs 4.7 ± 7.7%, post- vs preconditioning; F1,21 = 2.7; P = .06). Performances were not altered in the control conditions. Modest improvements were noted for volitional electromechanical delay following conditioning (39.8 ± 4.3 ms vs 42.3 ± 5.2 ms [F1,21 = 7.2; P = .01]), but peak force (overall, 202 ± 78 N) and magnetically evoked electromechanical delay (24.7 ± 4.2 ms) were not influenced. Conclusion: Short-term conditioning offered improved sensorimotor performance and positively affected neuromuscular determinants of knee flexor performance in men.
Improvement of Elite Female Athletes’ Physical Performance With a 3-Week Unexpected Disturbance Program
Authors: Teichmann Jorg , Suwarganda Edin K. , Beaven C. Martyn , Hébert-Losier Kim , Lee Jin Wei , Tenllado Vallejo Florencio , Lew Philip Chun Foong , Aziz Ramlan Abdul , Kian Yeo Wee , Schmidtbleicher Dietmar 
Published: December 2016

Context: Sensorimotor training is commonly used in a rehabilitative setting; however, the effectiveness of an unexpected disturbance program (UDP) to enhance performance measures in uninjured elite athletes is unknown. Objective: To assess the impact of a 3-wk UDP program on strength, power, and proprioceptive measures. Design: Matched-group, pre-post design. Setting: National sport institute. Participants: 21 international-level female field hockey athletes. Intervention: Two 45-min UDP sessions were incorporated into each week of a 3-wk training program (total 6 sessions). Main Outcome Measures: 1-repetition-maximum strength, lower-limb power, 20-m running speed, and proprioception tests were performed before and after the experimental period. Results: Substantial improvements in running sprint speed at 5-m (4.4 ± 2.6%; effect size [ES]: 0.88), 10-m (2.1 ± 1.9%; ES: 0.51), and 20-m (1.0 ± 1.6%; ES: 0.23) were observed in the UDP group. Squat-jump performance was also clearly enhanced when compared to the control group (3.1 ± 6.1%; ES: 0.23). Small but clear improvements in maximal strength were observed in both groups. Conclusions: A 3-wk UDP can elicit clear enhancements in running sprint speed and concentric-only jump performance. These improvements are suggestive of enhanced explosive strength and are particularly notable given the elite training status of the cohort and relatively short duration of the intervention. Thus, the authors would reiterate the statement by Gruber et al (2004) that sensorimotor training is a “highly efficient” modality for improving explosive strength.
On the determination of Ω − Ω scattering amplitudes from finite volume spectra
Authors: Li Ning , Wu Ya-Jie 
Published: December 2016

The elastic scattering phase shifts to the two-particle energy levels in a finite cubic box is related by the Lüscher’s formula. In this paper, based on the nonrelativistic quantum mechanics model which is usually assumed to be the low energy scattering case in lattice simulations, we confirmed the generalized Lüscher’s formula for the case of two-particle scattering with arbitrary spin in Ref. 1. In particular, Lüscher’s formula is synthesized for two-spin-3/2-particle scattering, i.e. [Formula: see text] scattering on lattice that may help us study the promising dibaryon states.
Revaluation of the Glossopterids from the Lower Permian of Cambaí Grande Outcrop, Paraná Basin, RS
Authors: Tybusch Graciela Pereira , Iannuzzi Roberto , Bernardes-de-Oliveira Mary Elizabeth Cerruti , Lopes Ricardo da Cunha 
Published: December 2016

The Cambaí Grande Outcrop, located in the municipality of São Gabriel of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, southernmost Brazil, is characterized by the occurrence of an exclusive fossil assemblage composed of marine invertebrate shells associated with some plant remains of elements from the “Glossopteris Flora”. The main goal of this work is to reevaluate the “Cambaí Grande Flora” as well as section reanalysis. Therefore, the authors reviewed the existing paleobotanical material deposited at Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS) and redescribed the outcrop section. The outcrop sequence is 60 m thick and is divided into two well defined sections (both upper and lower). The studied plants were found in the basal part of the upper section. Besides the paleobotanical contents like Gangamopteris, Samaropsis, Cordaicarpus, Cordaites, unidentified remains of algal filaments and a cone of gymnosperm previously recorded by several authors and not properly understood thus far have been analyzed. This study confirmed for the first time the presence of Glossopteris-type leaves and the Indian species Gangamopteris cyclopteroides Feistmantel in the Cambaí Grande flora which increases the possibility of a correlation of this plant assemblage with that of the Rio Bonito Formation, Brazil, and those of the younger horizons of India.
Neural Correlates of the False Consensus Effect: Evidence for Motivated Projection and Regulatory Restraint
Authors: Welborn B. Locke , Gunter Benjamin C. , Vezich I. Stephanie , Lieberman Matthew D. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The false consensus effect (FCE), the tendency to project our attitudes and opinions on to others, is a pervasive bias in social reasoning with a range of ramifications for individuals and society. Research in social psychology has suggested that numerous factors (anchoring and adjustment, accessibility, motivated projection, etc.) may contribute to the FCE. In this study, we examine the neural correlates of the FCE and provide evidence that motivated projection plays a significant role. Activity in reward regions (ventromedial pFC and bilateral nucleus accumbens) during consensus estimation was positively associated with bias, whereas activity in right ventrolateral pFC (implicated in emotion regulation) was inversely associated with bias. Activity in reward and regulatory regions accounted for half of the total variation in consensus bias across participants (R2 = .503). This research complements models of the FCE in social psychology, providing a glimpse into the neural mechanisms underlying this important phenomenon.
Effective Fetch and Duration of Tropical Cyclone Wind Fields Estimated from Simultaneous Wind and Wave Measurements: Surface Wave and Air–Sea Exchange Computation
Authors: Hwang Paul A. , Fan Yalin 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSimultaneous wind and wave measurements have been obtained inside tropical cyclones in several hurricane hunter missions. Analyses of these datasets show that the surface wave development inside hurricanes follows essentially the same duration- and fetch-limited growth functions established in steady wind forcing conditions. This paper explores the application of several parameterization functions of wind-wave systems to quantify the energy and momentum exchanges inside hurricanes from an initially limited input of the environmental parameters, such as the wind field alone. A critical prerequisite to applying the wind-wave growth functions is the knowledge of fetch and duration for the hurricane wind field. Four sets of simultaneous wind and wave measurements from hurricane hunter missions are analyzed to derive a fetch and duration scaling model. Time series of 2D hurricane wind fields can then be used to investigate the detailed spatial distribution and temporal evolution of the sea state parameters and the associated air–sea energy and momentum exchanges following the hurricane development.
Dependence of 25-MHz HF Radar Working Range on Near-Surface Conductivity, Sea State, and Tides
Authors: Halverson Mark , Pawlowicz Rich , Chavanne Cédric 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA 1.6-yr time series of radial current velocity from a 25-MHz high-frequency radar system located near a coastal river plume is analyzed to determine how the working range varies in response to changing near-surface conductivity, sea state, and tides. Working range is defined as the distance to the farthest radial velocity solution along a fixed bearing. A comparison to spatially resolved near-surface conductivity measurements from an instrumented ferry shows that fluctuations in conductivity had the largest impact of the three factors considered. The working range increases nearly linearly with increasing conductivity, almost doubling from 19.4 km at 0.9 S m−1 to 37.4 km at 3.5 S m−1, which yields a slope of 7.0 km per S m−1. The next largest factor was sea state, which was investigated using measured winds. The working range increases linearly at a rate of 1 km per m s−1 of wind speed over the range of 0.5–6.5 m s−1, but it decreases weakly for wind speeds higher than 7.5 m s−1. Finally, a power spectrum of the working range time series reveals variability at tidal frequencies. Tides cause about 3 km of range variation; however, the mechanism(s) underlying this are not known explicitly. Evidence for both sea level height and the interaction of tidal currents with sea state are presented.
Phosphorylation of XIAP by CDK1–cyclin-B1 controls mitotic cell death
Authors: Hou Ying , Allan Lindsey A. , Clarke Paul R. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Regulation of cell death is crucial for the response of cancer cells to drug treatments that cause arrest in mitosis, and is likely to be important for protection against chromosome instability in normal cells. Prolonged mitotic arrest can result in cell death by activation of caspases and the induction of apoptosis. Here, we show that X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) plays a key role in the control of mitotic cell death. Ablation of XIAP expression sensitises cells to prolonged mitotic arrest caused by a microtubule poison. XIAP is stable during mitotic arrest, but its function is controlled through phosphorylation by the mitotic kinase CDK1–cyclin-B1 at S40. Mutation of S40 to a phosphomimetic residue (S40D) inhibits binding to activated effector caspases and abolishes the anti-apoptotic function of XIAP, whereas a non-phosphorylatable mutant (S40A) blocks apoptosis. By performing live-cell imaging, we show that phosphorylation of XIAP reduces the threshold for the onset of cell death in mitosis. This work illustrates that mitotic cell death is a form of apoptosis linked to the progression of mitosis through control by CDK1–cyclin-B1.
EVALUATION OF THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY OF AS-RECEIVED, IMMERSED AND AS-RETRIEVED ORTHODONTIC ARCHWIRES
Authors: Pop Silvia Izabella , Dudescu Mircea , Merie Violeta Valentina , Pacurar Mariana , Bratu Cristina Dana 
Published: December 2016

Background and aims. This experimental study mainly aims at comparing the most important mechanical properties of the new orthodontic archwires, those immersed in fluorinated solution, the as-retrieved ones and the intra-oral used ones.Methods. A total of 270 arch wires were tested, using tensile testing and three-point bending tests. The tested archwires were made of Stainless Steel, Nickel Titanium, Beta-Titanium and physiognomic covered Nickel Titanium. The tested archwires were subjected to three types of treatments: immersion into fluorinated solution, immersion into carbonated drinks and intra-oral use.Results. The immersion caused variations of the activation and deactivation forces of all arch wires. The most affected arch wires, in terms of bending characteristics, were the intra-oral used ones.Conclusions. The alteration of mechanical properties of the orthodontic arch wires by their immersion into fluorinated solutions and soft drinks could not be statistically demonstrated.