bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NOVA LIGHT CURVES FROM THE SOLAR MASS EJECTION IMAGER (SMEI). II. THE EXTENDED CATALOG
Authors: Hounsell R. , Darnley M. J. , Bode M. F. , Harman D. J. , Surina F. , Starrfield S. , Holdsworth D. L. , Bewsher D. , Hick P. P. , Jackson B. V. , Buffington A. , Clover J. M. , Shafter A. W. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the results from observing nine Galactic novae in eruption with the Solar Mass Ejection Imager (SMEI) between 2004 and 2009. While many of these novae reached peak magnitudes that were either at or approaching the detection limits of SMEI, we were still able to produce light curves that in many cases contained more data at and around the initial rise, peak, and decline than those found in other variable star catalogs. For each nova, we obtained a peak time, maximum magnitude, and for several an estimate of the decline time (

). Interestingly, although of lower quality than those found in Hounsell et al., two of the light curves may indicate the presence of a pre-maximum halt. In addition, the high cadence of the SMEI instrument has allowed the detection of low-amplitude variations in at least one of the nova light curves.
APPLICATION OF GAS DYNAMICAL FRICTION FOR PLANETESIMALS. II. EVOLUTION OF BINARY PLANETESIMALS
Authors: Grishin Evgeni , Perets Hagai B. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
One of the first stages of planet formation is the growth of small planetesimals and their accumulation into large planetesimals and planetary embryos. This early stage occurs long before the dispersal of most of the gas from the protoplanetary disk. At this stage gas–planetesimal interactions play a key role in the dynamical evolution of single intermediate-mass planetesimals (m

p
∼ 1021–1025 g) through gas dynamical friction (GDF). A significant fraction of all solar system planetesimals (asteroids and Kuiper-belt objects) are known to be binary planetesimals (BPs). Here, we explore the effects of GDF on the evolution of BPs embedded in a gaseous disk using an N-body code with a fiducial external force accounting for GDF. We find that GDF can induce binary mergers on timescales shorter than the disk lifetime for masses above m

p
≳ 1022 g at 1 au, independent of the binary initial separation and eccentricity. Such mergers can affect the structure of merger-formed planetesimals, and the GDF-induced binary inspiral can play a role in the evolution of the planetesimal disk. In addition, binaries on eccentric orbits around the star may evolve in the supersonic regime, where the torque reverses and the binary expands, which would enhance the cross section for planetesimal encounters with the binary. Highly inclined binaries with small mass ratios, evolve due to the combined effects of Kozai–Lidov (KL) cycles with GDF which lead to chaotic evolution. Prograde binaries go through semi-regular KL evolution, while retrograde binaries frequently flip their inclination and ∼50% of them are destroyed.
THE MIRA–TITAN UNIVERSE: PRECISION PREDICTIONS FOR DARK ENERGY SURVEYS
Authors: Heitmann Katrin , Bingham Derek , Lawrence Earl , Bergner Steven , Habib Salman , Higdon David , Pope Adrian , Biswas Rahul , Finkel Hal , Frontiere Nicholas , Bhattacharya Suman 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Large-scale simulations of cosmic structure formation play an important role in interpreting cosmological observations at high precision. The simulations must cover a parameter range beyond the standard six cosmological parameters and need to be run at high mass and force resolution. A key simulation-based task is the generation of accurate theoretical predictions for observables using a finite number of simulation runs, via the method of emulation. Using a new sampling technique, we explore an eight-dimensional parameter space including massive neutrinos and a variable equation of state of dark energy. We construct trial emulators using two surrogate models (the linear power spectrum and an approximate halo mass function). The new sampling method allows us to build precision emulators from just 26 cosmological models and to systematically increase the emulator accuracy by adding new sets of simulations in a prescribed way. Emulator fidelity can now be continuously improved as new observational data sets become available and higher accuracy is required. Finally, using one ΛCDM cosmology as an example, we study the demands imposed on a simulation campaign to achieve the required statistics and accuracy when building emulators for investigations of dark energy.
Le contexte, toujours largement inconnu, réclame une science pluraliste
Authors: Bouleau Nicolas 
Published: March 2016

Les grands traits de la réflexion épistémologique du xx	e siècle doivent être complétés et amendés à cause de la présence d’un contexte toujours largement inconnu. Ceci vaut en premier lieu pour la biologie de synthèse et les artefacts chimiques introduits dans la nature, mais apparaît aujourd’hui comme une configuration générale de la connaissance qui appelle des outils et des constructions non classiques. Notre ignorance du rôle du contexte dans le passé, de sa réactivité aujourd’hui, et de sa résilience demain, récuse le principe des essais-erreurs tous azimuts, comme insuffisant, dangereux, inadapté. La complexité a plusieurs lectures. Les mathématiques montrent bien le fonctionnement de la connaissance pluraliste et sa fécondité. Il convient de s’appuyer sur des interprétations exigeantes, donc peu nombreuses, cadres indispensables de protocoles expérimentaux pour sonder les éventuels et travailler scientifiquement les craintes.
Assessment of Diurnal Wind Turbine Collision Risk for Grassland Birds on the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Wulff Sarah J. , Butler Matthew J. , Ballard Warren B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWind energy is one of the fastest growing renewable energy sources in the United States and has the potential to reduce the use of traditional nonrenewable energy. However, there is concern for potential short- and long-term influences on wildlife populations, such as bird collisions with turbine blades, habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, and habitat avoidance. Bird flight heights are indicative of collision risks, but knowledge of their distributions is limited. Our goal was to examine the diurnal flight heights of bird species to assess which are at greatest risk of collision with wind turbine blades. During October 2008–August 2009, we estimated the flight heights of 66 bird species at a planned wind energy facility on the southern Great Plains. Flight heights were estimated by measuring angle of incline with a clinometer and ground distance with a laser rangefinder. Previous work has been limited to flight height measurements categorized to site-specific rotor swept zone (RSZ) specifications that has resulted in limited applicability to other wind turbine RSZ specifications. Our research is distinctive because it provides more resolution in flight height estimates than those categorized into bins and allows application to wind turbines with different RSZs. We found that the flight heights of six bird species varied among seasons, indicating their risk of collision changed throughout the year. Observations indicated that the average flight heights of 28 bird species were within the potential RSZ (32–124 m above ground level) at our study site and that two species exhibited mean flight heights above the RSZ. Fifteen of those species were wetland-associated species, 7 were raptor or vulture species, and 6 were listed as species of greatest conservation need by Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. We observed 14 bird species (1 vulture, 2 raptors, 7 wetland-associated species, and 4 passerines or other species) with greater than 25% of their observed flight heights within the RSZ. Our results indicate that raptors and wetland-associated species are the avian groups at greatest risk of collision with wind turbines due to their diurnal flight heights. However, the resolution of our data will allow assessment of which bird species are at greatest risk of collision for various wind turbine specifications. This information can help guide site assessment and placement for wind energy facilities across the southern Great Plains and help mitigate potential collision impacts on bird species.
Elevated Response to Type I IFN Enhances RANKL-Mediated Osteoclastogenesis in Usp18-Knockout Mice
Authors: Yim Hwa Young , Park Cheolkyu , Lee Yong Deok , Arimoto Kei-ichiro , Jeon Raok , Baek Sung Hee , Zhang Dong-Er , Kim Hong-Hee , Kim Keun Il 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A balance between bone formation and bone resorption is critical for the maintenance of bone mass. In many pathological conditions, including chronic inflammation, uncontrolled activation of osteoclast differentiation often causes excessive bone resorption that results in osteoporosis. In this study, we identified the osteopenia phenotype of mice lacking Usp18 (also called Ubp43), which is a deISGylating enzyme and is known as a negative regulator of type I IFN signaling. The expression of Usp18 was induced in preosteoclasts upon receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) treatment. In an in vitro osteoclast-differentiation assay, bone marrow macrophages from Usp18-deficient mice exhibited an enhanced differentiation to multinucleated cells, elevated activation of NFATc1, and an increased expression of osteoclast marker genes upon RANKL treatment. Furthermore, in vitro quantification of bone resorption revealed a great increase in osteoclastic activities in Usp18-deficient cells. Interestingly, proinflammatory cytokine genes, such as IP-10 (CXCL10), were highly expressed in Usp18-deficient bone marrow macrophages upon RANKL treatment compared with wild-type cells. In addition, serum cytokine levels, especially IP-10, were significantly high in Usp18-knockout mice. In sum, we suggest that, although type I IFN is known to restrict osteoclast differentiation, the exaggerated activation of the type I IFN response in Usp18-knockout mice causes an osteopenia phenotype in mice.
Severe Ophthalmological Complications of Thyroid Disease are Rare in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria: Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Ogun Olufunmilola A. , Adeleye Jokotade O. 
Published: March 2016

Background Ocular manifestations of thyroid dysfunction constitute a wide clinical spectrum ranging from minor ocular discomfort, lid retraction, lid lag and ocular injection, to sight threatening eyeball protusion and optic nerve compression. Thyroid-related eye disorders are most commonly associated with Graves' disease, and this most frequently occurs in the setting of hyperthyroidism. However, in 10% of cases, typical eye signs have also been reported in euthyroid and hypothyroid states. The severity of thyroid eye disease has been linked to cigarette smoking. There is very little data specifically reporting the ocular manifestations of thyroid disease among black African patients and there is no known report from Nigeria. This pilot study therefore focused on documenting the ocular signs accompanying thyroid dysfunction in a black African population. Aim To evaluate the pattern of ocular complications, among patients treated for thyroid disorders, in a major Nigerian teaching hospital. Results A total of 75 patients with thyroid dysfunction, were evaluated, comprising 63 females and 12 males. There was a very low prevalence of smoking among patients (<5%). Graves' disease was the commonest thyroid disorder, representing 70% of cases. Seventy-eight percent of patients were hyperthyroid, 11.8% were euthyroid and only 9.8% of patients were hypothyroid. Commonest systemic symptoms were neck swelling (68.6%), weight loss (63.8%), tremors (60.9%) and palpitations (59.4%). Two-thirds of patients reported ocular symptoms consisting mainly of painless eye swelling (66.7%) and ocular irritation (58%). Conjunctival injection, lid lag and lid retraction were the commonest ocular signs. Chemosis, severe proptosis and ocular motility disorder were very rare. Optic neuropathy was found in 4 patients but was related to pre-existing glaucoma. Majority of patients required only ocular emollients and tear supplements. Conclusion Severe ocular complications of thyroid disorders were uncommon in this cross-section of Nigerian patients. This may be linked to the very low prevalence of cigarette smoking among Nigerians or genetic and environmental factors linked to their African heritage.
Proceso de Desarrollo en la toma de Decisiones del Cirujano en Formacion y Su Desempeño en Los Servicios de Urgencias
Authors: Algieri Rubén D , Ferrante Maria S , Fernandez Juan P , Flores Cristian A , Ahualli Nicolas , Paglilla Paulo R 
Published: March 2016

RESUMEN

Introducción
La formación de cirujanos se considera uno de los factores más importantes por organismos encargados de la evaluación de programas. Sugieren que deben tener herramientas para desempeñarse de manera efectiva en los servicios de urgencias. El proceso de desarrollo de la toma de decisiones consiste en evaluar las situaciones, determinar las alternativas para su resolución y seleccionar una opción más recomendable, para lo cual se requiere el análisis de las posibles consecuencias, así como la anticipación y evaluación de los resultados. El objetivo primordial de los programas de residencia para la capacitación y desarrollo de tomas de decisiones consiste en la formación y aplicación de los conocimientos teóricos y en la adquisición de habilidades clínicas y destrezas quirúrgicas.

Objetivo
Analizar el programa de formación de la Residencia de Cirugía General, evaluando las herramientas para desarrollar el proceso de toma de decisiones durante las Urgencias Quirúrgicas.

Material y métodos
se analiza el Programa de Residencia de Cirugía General del Hospital Aeronáutico Central, discriminándose la actividad desarrollada por cada residente durante un periodo comprendido entre el mes de Abril del año 2013 y mes de Junio del mismo año.

Resultados
se procedió al análisis de la distribución y carga horaria de las diferentes actividades, categorizado y discriminado en Actividad Asistencial; Actividad Psicomotriz, Actividad Cognitiva y Actividades Afectiva, diferenciadas por año de residencia. Se vio que todos cumplen con los estándares mínimos para la toma de decisiones.

Conclusión
el Programa de educación impartida de la Residencia de Cirugía General del Hospital Aeronáutico Central es un programa integral que abarca los principales aspectos establecidos como estándares solicitados para el correcto desempeño en los servicios de urgencias, de los cirujanos en formación.

How to cite this article
Algieri RD, Ferrante MS, Fernandez JP, Flores CA, Ahualli N, Paglilla PR. Proceso de Desarrollo en la toma de Decisiones del Cirujano en Formacion y Su Desempeño en Los Servicios de Urgencias. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2015;4(3):136-146.
Financial Implications of Early Tracheostomy in the Healthcare Cost Containment Era
Authors: Branco Bernardino , Vitis Joseph De , Tang Andy 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundTracheostomy is often performed for critically ill patients who are anticipated to have a prolonged intensive care unit (ICU) stay, in order to prevent the complications of endotracheal intubation. The timing of a tracheostomy has been much studied over the past 40 years with many analyses differing in methodology, patient population and outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate if early tracheostomy (≤7 days) in critically ill trauma patients increase ventilator and ICU-free days, reduce hospital days and decrease hospital costs.Materials and methodsTrauma patients admitted to a level 1 Trauma Center requiring tracheostomy (2006.2013) were retrospectively identified. Patients receiving early tracheostomy (≤7 days) were compared to late tracheostomy (>7 days) for demographics, clinical data and outcomes. Dichotomous variables were compared by Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, where appropriate, and continuous variables were compared using Student's t or Mann-Whitney U tests.ResultsFive hundred and twenty-nine patients required a tracheostomy during the study period [292 (55.2%) early and 237 (44.8%) late]. Patients requiring early tracheostomy were more often male (80.5vs70.5%, p = 0.007) and younger (41.5 ± 18.6 yearsvs50.5 ± 21.2 years, p < 0.001). There were no differences in injury severity scores (ISS 28.4 ± 12.5vs27.2 ± 11.1, p = 0.161) but early tracheostomy patients were more likely to sustain severe traumatic brain injury (81.2vs65.0%, p < 0.001). There were no differences in transfusion requirements or need for intracavitary procedures. When outcomes were analyzed, while there was no difference in mortality (8.9vs5.1%, adjusted p = 0.126), early tracheostomy patients had significantly shorter ventilator days (8.7 ± 7.2 daysvs19.0 ± 10.4 days, adjusted p < 0.001), hospital days (22.3 ± 17.9 daysvs30.0 ± 18.4 days, adjusted p < 0.001) and ICU days (11.6 ± 8.4 daysvs22.8 ± 11.6 days, adjusted p < 0.001). In addition, ventilator-associated pneumonia rates were lower among early tracheostomy patients (8.6vs17.7%, adjusted p = 0.002). Hospital costs were unsurprisingly less in early tracheostomy patients ($ 55,371 ± 36,280 vs $ 93,702 ± 51,427, adjusted p < 0.001).ConclusionIn critically, ill trauma patients, early tracheostomy was associated with shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital days, and lower ventilation associated pneumonia rates. In addition, total hospital costs were significantly decreased in the early tracheostomy group. In this cohort alone, early tracheostomy would have resulted in a potential hospital cost saving of 2.5 million/year.How to cite this articleBranco B, De Vitis J, Joseph B, Kulvatunyou N, Tang A, Friese RS, Rhee P, O'Keeffe T. Financial Implications of Early Tracheostomy in the Healthcare Cost Containment Era. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2015;4(3):194-201.
Effect of a Mandatory Third-Year Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment Course on Student Attitudes
Authors: Heineman Katherine L. , Lewis Drew D. , Finnerty Edward P. , Crout Shannon V. , Canby Craig 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Context: Despite interest by osteopathic medical students in learning and incorporating osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) techniques into their future practices, most students indicate that OMT is rarely or never taught during many clinical rotations.

Objective: To determine whether a mandatory OMT course taken during the third year of medical school would influence students’ exposure to OMT, confidence in OMT, intent to continue developing OMT skills, and plan to provide OMT as practicing physicians.

Methods: A mandatory pilot OMT course was implemented in the 2014 third-year curriculum. A survey was then developed to assess students’ attitudes toward OMT. Surveys were administered to students whose third year was in 2013 and thus had not taken the course (group 1) and to students who had taken the course in 2014 (group 2).

Results: Of the 223 students in group 1, 143 (64%) responded. Of the 213 students in group 2, 112 (53%) responded. Students in group 2 reported greater exposure to OMT compared with students in group 1, higher confidence levels in practicing OMT (61 [54%] vs 71 [50%]), greater intent to continue developing OMT skills, and plan to provide OMT as practicing physicians (91 [81%] vs 94 [66%]).

Conclusion: A pilot course in OMT increased students’ levels of confidence in and intent to provide OMT in their future practices.
Are patients who call a primary care office referred to the emergency department by non-healthcare personnel without the input of a physician?
Authors: Hill Russell , Gest Albert , Smith Cynthia , Guardiola Jose H. , Apolinario Michael , Ha Joann , Gonzalez Jose R. , Richman Peter B. 
Published: March 2016

Objective.We hypothesized that a significant percentage of patients who are referred to the Emergency Department (ED) after calling their primary care physician’s (PCP) office receive such instructions without the input of a physician.Methods.We enrolled a convenience sample of stable adults at an inner-city ED. Patients provided written answers to structured questions regarding PCP contact prior to the ED visit. Continuous data are presented as means ± standard deviation; categorical data as frequency of occurrence. 95% confidence intervals were calculated.Results.The study group of 660 patients had a mean age of 41.7 ± 14.7 years and 72.6% had income below $20,000/year. 472 patients (71.51%; 67.9%–74.8%) indicated that they had a PCP. A total of 155 patients (23.0%; 19.9%–26.4%) called to contact their PCP prior to ED visit. For patients who called their PCP office and were directed by phone to the ED, the referral pattern was observed as follows: 31/98 (31.63%; 23.2%–41.4%) by a non-health care provider without physician input, 11/98 (11.2%; 6.2%–19.1%) by a non-healthcare provider after consultation with a physician, 12/98 (12.3%; 7.7%–20.3%) by a nurse without physician input, and 14/98 (14.3%; 8.6%–22.7%) by a nurse after consultation with physician. An additional 11/98, 11.2%; 6.2–19.1%) only listened to a recorded message and felt the message was directing them to the ED.Conclusion.A relatively small percentage of patients were referred to the ED without the consultation of a physician in our overall population. However, over half of those that contacted their PCP’s office felt directed to the ED by non-health care staff.
Sonographic Analysis of Changes in Skull Shape After Cranial Molding Helmet Therapy in Infants With Deformational Plagiocephaly
Authors: Kwon Dong Rak 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in skull shape on sonography after cranial molding helmet therapy in infants with deformational plagiocephaly.MethodsTwenty‐six infants who were treated with cranial molding helmet therapy were recruited. Caliper and sonographic measurements were performed. The lateral length of the affected and unaffected sides of the skull and cranial vault asymmetry index were measured with calipers. The occipital angle, defined as the angle between lines projected along the lambdoid sutures of the skull, was calculated by sonography. The occipital angle difference and occipital angle ratio were also measured. All caliper and sonographic measurements were performed in each infant twice before and twice after treatment.ResultsThe study group included 12 male and 14 female infants with a mean age ± SD of 6.2 ± 3.5 months. The mean treatment duration was 6.0 ± 2.5 months. The difference in lateral length before and after helmet therapy was significantly greater on the affected skull than the unaffected skull (16.7 ± 12.7 versus 9.0 ± 13.4 mm; P < .01). The difference in the occipital angle before and after helmet therapy was significantly greater on the affected skull than the unaffected skull (−5.7° ± 7.3° versus 4.2° ± 7.9°; P < .01). The cranial vault asymmetry index and occipital angle ratio were significantly reduced after helmet therapy (cranial vault asymmetry index, 9.3% ± 2.3% versus 3.5% ± 3.0%; occipital angle ratio, 1.07 ± 0.05 versus 1.01 ± 0.01; P < .05).ConclusionsThese results suggest that occipital angle measurements using sonography, combined with cephalometry, could provide a better understanding of the therapeutic effects of cranial molding helmet therapy in infants with deformational plagiocephaly.