bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Magnetic and Geochemical Assessment of the Soil from the Steam Power Plant Area of South Kalimantan Province
Authors: Sudarningsih S , Fahruddin F , Astuti P , Wahyono S C , Ibrahim I , Siregar S S , Zulaikah S , Rifai H , Hamdan A M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The magnetic proxy approach has proven to be efficient in the assessment of pollution by potentially toxic elements when targeting soils or areas with a homogeneous background where anthropogenic magnetic signals can be easily distinguished. It’s crucial to conduct research on the impact of fly ash on the vicinity of the PLTU in this particular area, as it’s a previously unexplored area. The unique thing about this research is that this PLTU uses coal containing Fe, Pb, and Mg as fuel and has a fairly high susceptibility value for fly ash and bottom ash. This study is due to an analysis of the magnetic susceptibility and heavy metal content in the soil of the area around the Asam-Asam steam power plant (PLTU) of South Kalimantan Province, where geogenic input and fly ash can influence it. Heavy metals that have passed the threshold at all locations are Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, V, and Al. Most of the correlation coefficients are strong and significant between magnetic susceptibility values and heavy metal concentrations at each location. The correspondence between magnetic susceptibility values and heavy metal content reflects the potential of magnetic proxy methods at polluted spots, provided that the lithological conditions are carefully considered.
Optimization of a Smart Greenhouse with a Solar Energy System for Floating Raft Hydroponic Cultivation: Implementation and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Wahyu S , Purwalaksana A Z , Ritonga A F , Suharmanto P , Kusumadjati A , Akbar A M , Sujadi T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The rapid growth of the global population has increased food demand, posing challenges for traditional agriculture due to limited natural resources. Hydroponic systems offer a sustainable solution by optimizing the growing environment. This study evaluates the performance of a floating-raft hydroponic smart greenhouse powered by solar energy. The system integrates advanced technologies and renewable energy sources, including three 120 Wp and 130 Wp solar panels arranged in a series-parallel configuration, a solar charge controller, two parallel 12V 65Ah and 12V 200Ah batteries, a microcontroller, DHT22 sensors, and actuators such as LED lights and a mist-type DC pump sprayer. These components effectively regulate humidity, temperature, lighting, and spraying, with data transmission to the Antares platform via a monitoring system utilizing NodeMCU ESP8266. The greenhouse maintained optimal environmental conditions, reducing the temperature from 38°C to 32°C within 30 minutes. The system’s daily electrical load was 1006.36 Wh, leaving an energy reserve of 68.35%. The plants cultivated in the greenhouse responded favorably to the system. This study highlights the potential of combining renewable energy with smart agricultural technologies to address the limitations of traditional farming practices and enhance sustainability.
The Effect of Using Worksheet Based on a Scientific Approach Assisted by Scaffolding on High School Student’s Cognitive Learning Outcomes on Temperature and Heat Material
Authors: Made Astra I , Suganda Yoga 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper aims to find out the influence of worksheets based on a scientific approach assisted by scaffolding on temperature and heat material on students’ learning outcomes. This research aims to give a guided student a scientific approach to understanding temperature and heat using worksheet-assisted scaffolding as a teacher’s guidance. It uses a five-step guided scientific approach. This research employs a quantitative approach using a quasi-experimental method. The sample includes 70 students, who are split into two groups: an experimental class and a control class. The results of the increasing cognitive outcomes test were analyzed using two samples assuming equal variance, sample independent t-test, and N-gain to show the influence category. The test results with two samples assuming equal variance got t score 3,47 > 1,99 which is there have the different cognitive learning outcomes and increase shown by sample independent t-test with a significance level of 5% = 0.001 < 0.05, the N-gain two group class is 0.72 and 0.6 show that the experiment class more effective. As such it might be established that using worksheets based on a scientific approach assisted by scaffolding could increase student learning outcomes on temperature heat material.
Validation of Student Project Based Learning Worksheets with a Non-Parametric Statistical Approach on Greenhouse Effect Material
Authors: Akhsan H , Muslim M , Ariska M , Sapitri CL , Sari DK 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
So that can to produce a PjBL-based Student Worksheet with a valid and practical statistical approach to the Greenhouse Effect material in the Environmental Physics course, this research was conducted. Through the stages of planning, development procedures and Tessmer’s formative evaluation model with expert review stages in order to validate the language, content and design which is the definition of the Rowntree research model used in conducting this research. The use of the Likert scale by questionnaire techniques and walkthroughs is used to design validity data analysis for student worksheet products. As for the data analysis carried out, very valid results were obtained from a maximum score of 5 with a value of 4.3 for validation of the greenhouse effect context using a statistical approach, 4.9 for validation of working width design and 5 for linguistic validation. Tests for practical use are carried out on students. At the one-to-one evaluation stage, test results were obtained which showed the average score and for testing in small groups, it reached 93.7% and 97.5% in the very practical category.
Measuring Lens Focal Length in Lens Characteristics Experiments through Science Process Skills
Authors: Fitri U R , Budiawan M A , Nurhasanah G , Ziveria M , Muhara I 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This research aims to measure the focal distance of a lens using practical lens properties. The specifications of this practical tool are made from durable acrylic material, light and easy to use. The lens nature practice equipment consists of a light source in the form of an incandescent lamp, lens path, image capture screen, arrow diaphragm, power supply, strong positive lens (+100), weak positive lens (+50) and negative lens (-50). In this practical, the light source, object, lens and screen are placed parallel. Measurements are carried out through scientific process skills including observation, classification, measurement, prediction, communication and drawing conclusions which begin with observing the image produced by the lens using three different object-to-screen distances, namely 40 cm, 60 cm and 80 cm. In addition to determining the focal distance, experiments with positive lenses produce real, inverted and magnified images. Meanwhile, in a negative lens, the image is virtual and upright. In the positive strong lens experiment, the focal distances measured at distances L = 80 cm, 60 cm, and 40 cm respectively produced average focus values of 10.53 cm, 10.49 cm, and 9.95 cm with values The standard error is 0.123 and the R square value is 0.928, indicating a fairly accurate model. In the weak positive lens experiment, the focal distances measured at distances L = 80 cm, 60 cm, and 40 cm respectively produced average values of 4.42 cm, 4.58 cm, and 4.34 cm with standard values The error is 0.0018 and the R square value is 0.9423, indicating a very precise model. In the negative lens experiment, the focal distances measured at distances L = 80 cm, 60 cm, and 40 cm respectively produced average values of 9.57 cm, 9.47 cm, and 8.95 cm with standard error values of 0.08 and an R square value of 0.967, indicating a very strong model in explaining data variations. This is in accordance with the theory of lens properties, namely that converging lenses generally have the ability to form real images, while diverging lenses often produce virtual images
Digital Physics Module for 21st Century Education on New and Renewable Energy Based on the Dilemma-STEAM Learning Model
Authors: Nasbey H , Sirait R A , Kurniawan A F , Samsudin A , Fadlan A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study aims to develop a Dilemma-STEAM electronic module on renewable energy materials to be used as a physics teaching resource for 10th-grade high school students using the ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development model. The Dilemma-STEAM based e-module is a digital physics module based on the Dilemma-STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) model of teaching. In the context of 21st-century education, the application of technology and interdisciplinary approaches is emphasized to prepare students for future challenges. This module is designed to encourage critical thinking, collaboration, communication, and creativity in students through real dilemmas story integrated with STEAM. The product is a digital module design presented through the website, it easily accessible to students using compatible electronic devices. Based on the validation results conducted by experts, an overall percentage of 87.50% was obtained from material experts, 84.44% from media experts, and 89.41% from learning experts. Additionally, the product trial by physics teachers showed a final percentage of 95.63% with an interpretation of “Very Good,” while students who had studied the material on physical quantities and measurements gave a percentage of 87.51% with an interpretation of “Very Good.” From this research, it can be concluded that the Dilemma-STEAM electronic module on renewable energy materials is deemed valid and suitable for use as a physics learning medium for 10th-grade high school students.
Development Of Physics Teaching Materials On The Subject Of Light Interference Based On Discovery-inquiry For Senior High School Students
Authors: Rismawati E , Purwaningsih E 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Efforts to improve student’s concept understanding can be used teaching materials that emphasize process skills. Researchers tried to make teaching materials using discovery-inquiry learning which is learning that emphasizes investigation (process skills) carried out by students. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of Physics Teaching Materials and Learning Guides on the subject of Light Interference in High School. This research is a development research that uses the first five steps of the Borg and Gall method, namely according to Borg and Gall. The results showed that the feasibility of content, language feasibility and content presentation of student teaching materials and teacher learning guides (teacher teaching materials) based on discovery-inquiry were categorized as feasible.
Drivers and attitudes of public support for technological solutions to climate change in 30 countries
Authors: Brutschin Elina , Baum Chad M , Fritz Livia , Low Sean , Sovacool Benjamin K , Riahi Keywan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Some experts contend that addressing global climate challenges requires consideration of technologies such as Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR) and, possibly, Solar Radiation Modification (SRM). Previous studies, primarily centered on the OECD region, have indicated that most of these technologies are contentious, eliciting low levels of public support. By conducting a set of nationally representative surveys examining seven CDR and three SRM technologies in 30 countries, we show that public skepticism is most prominent in wealthier countries. Respondents from these countries express lower confidence in the potential of science and technology to address climate change, diminished trust in industry, and expect to experience less personal harm from climate change. At the same time, there are many countries, not previously studied, where the levels of support for CDR and SRM are relatively high. As middle-income countries, their capability to effectively implement these technologies may be deficient; additionally, there is a risk of the unilateral implementation of certain technologies with uncertain implications in terms of their impacts on climate. This underscores the necessity for long term climate strategies that are context-specific and tailored to individual countries, while moreover emphasizing the imperative for extensive international collaboration, including through technological and financial transfers. Finally, strong international governance structures, especially in the context of SRM, are crucial to ensure a responsible approach towards these technologies.
Transmission pathways for the stem rust pathogen into Central and East Asia and the role of the alternate host, barberry
Authors: Bradshaw Catherine D , Hemming Deborah L , Mona Tamás , Thurston William , Seier Marion K , Hodson David P , Smith Jacob W , Eyre Dominic , Liu Tai-Guo , Taylor Bryony , Davie Jemma CS , Urhausen Steffi , Crocker Thomas , Millington Sarah C , Hort Matthew C , Zhang Feng , Li Hongmei , Gilligan Christopher A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
After many decades of effective control of stem rust caused by the Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici, (hereafter Pgt) the reported emergence of race TTKSK/Ug99 of Pgt in Uganda reignited concerns about epidemics worldwide because ∼90% of world wheat cultivars had no resistance to the new race. Since it was initially detected in Uganda in 1998, Ug99 variants have now been identified in thirteen countries in Africa and the Middle East. Stem rust has been a major problem in the past, and concern is increasing about the risk of return to Central and East Asia. Whilst control programs in North America and Europe relied on the use of resistant cultivars in combination with eradication of barberry (Berberis spp.), the alternate host required for the stem rust pathogen to complete its full lifecycle, the focus in East Asia was principally on the use of resistant wheat cultivars. Here, we investigate potential airborne transmission pathways for stem rust outbreaks in the Middle East to reach East Asia using an integrated modelling framework combining estimates of fungal spore deposition from an atmospheric dispersion model, environmental suitability for spore germination, and crop calendar information. We consider the role of mountain ranges in restricting transmission pathways, and we incorporate a representation of a generic barberry species into the lifecycle. We find viable transmission pathways to East Asia from the Middle East to the north via Central Asia and to the south via South Asia and that an initial infection in the Middle East could persist in East Asia for up to three years due to the presence of the alternate host. Our results indicate the need for further assessment of barberry species distributions in East Asia and appropriate methods for targeted surveillance and mitigation strategies should stem rust incidence increase in the Middle East region.
Modelling marine heatwaves impact on shallow and upper mesophotic tropical coral reefs
Authors: Colombi Nicolas , Kropf Chahan M , Burger Friedrich A , Bresch David N , Frölicher Thomas L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Coral reefs ecosystems, often compared to rain forests for their high biodiversity, are threatened by ocean warming causing coral bleaching when the symbiotic relationship between dinoflagellates and corals breaks under high ocean temperatures. Thermal stress from marine heatwaves (MHWs) occur both at the surface and subsurface with subsurface MHWs lasting longer with potentially higher cumulative intensities. However, global coral bleaching models generally ignore the differences in thermal stress between surface and sea-bed levels. Here, we define MHWs at sea-bed level to model coral bleaching with daily resolution from 6 May 1993 to 31 October 2023, for 9944 tropical coral reefs between 0 and 60 m depths. We show that deeper reefs experience on average higher thermal stress and bleaching compared to surface reefs. Using surface temperature data to model bleaching for deeper corals underestimates bleaching intensities by an average of 6% ± 9% compared to the subsurface calibrated model. Our study is a starting point for more accurate coral bleaching modelling, providing additional evidence to reshape our perception of deeper coral reefs as potential refugees from climate change.
Quantum field theory of electrons and nuclei
Authors: Härkönen Ville J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We develop a non-relativistic quantum field theory of electrons and nuclei with Coulomb interactions. We derive the exact equations of motion and write these equations in the form of Hedin’s equations for all species of identical particles involved. Theory derived allows the computation of exact observables and provides a rigorous starting point to derive approximations in a systematic way.
Volatile organic compounds in exhaled breath, blood, and urine detected in patients with thyroid carcinoma using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry—a pilot study
Authors: Al-Difaie Zaid J J , Scheepers Max H M C , Engelen Sanne M E , Lubbers Tim , Havekes Bas , Bouvy Nicole D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The differentiation between malignant and benign thyroid nodules represents a significant challenge for clinicians globally. The identification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has emerged as a novel approach in the field of cancer diagnosis. This prospective pilot study aims to identify VOCs in exhaled breath, blood, and urine that can differentiate benign from malignant thyroid nodules using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS). Patients with thyroid nodules scheduled for surgery were enrolled at the Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+). Breath samples were analyzed using a BreathSpec GC-IMS machine (G.A.S. Dortmund, Germany), specifically designed for breath analysis. All blood and urine samples were analyzed using a separate GC-IMS device, the FlavourSpec® (G.A.S., Dortmund, Germany). In this proof-of-concept study, 70 consecutive patients undergoing thyroid surgery at MUMC+ were included. Of these patients, 29 were confirmed to have thyroid cancer after surgical resection. The overall analysis did not reveal statistically significant differences in VOCs in breath, urine and blood, between patients with benign and malignant thyroid cancer. This proof-of-concept study demonstrated that GC-IMS could not effectively differentiate between the VOC profiles of malignant and benign thyroid nodules. However, due to the small sample size of this study, larger prospective studies are needed to investigate the potential of using VOCs to distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Additionally, future research should focus on identifying potential confounding factors that may influence patient VOC profiles. (NCT04883294).
Identifying viral infections through analysis of head space volatile organic compounds
Authors: Sanmark E , Marjanen P , Virtanen J , Aaltonen K , Tauriainen S , Österlund P , Mäkelä M , Saari S , Roine A , Rönkkö T , Vartiainen V A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by human respiratory cells reflect metabolic and pathophysiological processes which can be detected with the use of modern technology. Analysis of exhaled breath or indoor air may potentially play an important role in screening of upper respiratory tract infections such as COVID-19 or influenza in the future. In this experimental study, air samples were collected and analyzed from the headspace of an in vitro cell culture infected by selected pathogens (influenza A H1N1 and seasonal coronaviruses OC43 and NL63). VOCs were measured with a real-time proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer and a differential mobility spectrometer. Measurements were performed every 12 h for 7 d. Non-infected cells and cell culture media served as references. In H1N1 and OC43 we observed four different VOCs which peaked during the infection. Different, individual VOCs were also observed in both infections. Activity began to clearly increase after 2 d in all analyses. We did not see increased VOC production in cells infected with NL63. VOC analysis seems to be suitable to differentiate the infected cells from those which are not infected as well as different viruses, from another. In the future, this could have practical value in both individual diagnostics and indoor environment screening.
Mechanical memory based biofabrication of hierarchical elastic cardiac tissue
Authors: Li Zhitong , Kovács Panna , Friec Alice Le , Jensen Bjarke Nørrehvedde , Nygaard Jens Vinge , Chen Menglin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Mimicking the multilayered, anisotropic, elastic structure of cardiac tissues for controlled guidiance of 3D cellular orientation is essential in designing bionic scaffolds for cardiac tissue biofabrication. Here, a hierarchically organized, anisotropic, wavy and conductive polycaprolactone/Au scaffold was created in a facile fashion based on mechanical memory during fabrication. The bionic 3D scaffold shows good biocompatibility, excellent biomimetic mechanical properties that guide myoblast alignment, support the hyperelastic behavior observed in native cardiac muscle tissue, and promote myotube maturation, which holds potential for cardiac muscle engineering and the establishment of an in vitro culture platform for drug screening.
A versatile natural gelatin-based hydrogel for emergency wound treatment through hemostasis, antibacterial, and anti-inflammation
Authors: Cao Xiaoling , Deng Yonghao , Xu Zhongye , Wang Tingting , Tang Bing , Han Jiande , Guo Rui , Yin Rong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Emergency wounds are often accompanied by bacterial infection, oxidative stress, and excessive inflammation due to the inability to quickly close and stop bleeding, resulting in chronic wounds that are difficult to heal. Clinically, surgical suturing is the fastest method for wound closure, but it is only suitable for wounds with small bleeding volumes and causes unsightly scar formation. Consequently, there is a critical need for hemostatic dressings versatile enough to address a spectrum of diverse and intricate wounds, especially in emergency scenarios. In this study, we constructed a unique versatile natural gelatin-based hydrogel with hemostasis, antibacterial, and anti-inflammation properties. The hydrogel was composed of 4-(4-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methoxy-5-nitrophenoxy) butyrylethylenediamine-modified methacrylated gelatin (GelMA-NB) and epigallocatechin gallate-grafted polylysine (EPL-EGCG), which imparts adhesion, antibacterial and antioxidant properties to the hydrogel. Simultaneously, the hydrogel was loaded with GelMA microspheres encapsulating natural resveratrol (RES@GM). This combination not only exhibited outstanding hemostatic capabilities but also preserved the anti-inflammatory potential of RES. In different animal models, the hydrogel exhibited outstanding hemostatic and wound healing effects, down-regulated the expression of IL-1β to promote inflammatory regulation and potential for angiogenesis and anti-scar. In conclusion, unique versatile natural gelatin-based hydrogel suitable for various complex wounds provides a promising strategy for emergency wound dressing applications.