bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Taxing stock transfers in the first golden age of financial capitalism: political salience and the limits on the power of finance
Authors: Massoc Elsa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe current debate about taxing financial transactions is often presented as a brand new one. It is not. At the turn of the 19th century, a similar tax was debated in France and the US Financial actors fought the tax mightily. Those actors were very powerful. Yet, they lost. A tax on stock transfers (STT) was established. Why? Through a comparative analysis of France and the State of New York, this article argues that the tax was adopted because politicians interested in capitalizing on public discontent endeavored to publicize and frame the STT in simple and antagonizing terms. Strong but heterogeneous public hostility against finance got focused on the explicitly politicized issue of the tax. Political salience disrupted the logics of ‘quiet politics’ and momentarily undermined the privileged position of finance. Despite intense lobbying and threats to relocate from financiers, elected officials chose to vote for the STT.
Time Course of Septic Shock in Immunocompromised and Nonimmunocompromised Patients
Authors: Jamme Matthieu , Daviaud Fabrice , Charpentier Julien , Marin Nathalie , Thy Michaël , Hourmant Yannick , Mira Jean-Paul , Pène Frédéric 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
To address the impact of underlying immune conditions on the course of septic shock with respect to both mortality and the development of acute infectious and noninfectious complications.

Design:
An 8-year (2008–2015) monocenter retrospective study.

Setting:
A medical ICU in a tertiary care center.

Patients:
Patients diagnosed for septic shock within the first 48 hours of ICU admission were included. Patients were classified in four subgroups with respect to their immune status: nonimmunocompromised and immunocompromised distributed into hematologic or solid malignancies and nonmalignant immunosuppression. Outcomes were in-hospital death and the development of ischemic and hemorrhagic complications and ICU-acquired infections. The determinants of death and complications were addressed by multivariate competing risk analysis.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Eight hundred one patients were included. Among them, 305 (38%) were immunocompromised, distributed into solid tumors (122), hematologic malignancies (106), and nonmalignant immunosuppression (77). The overall 3-day, in-ICU, and in-hospital mortality rates were 14.1%, 37.3%, and 41.3%, respectively. Patients with solid tumors displayed increased in-hospital mortality (cause-specific hazard, 2.20 [95% CI, 1.64–2.96]; p < 0.001). ICU-acquired infections occurred in 211 of the 3-day survivors (33%). In addition, 95 (11.8%) and 70 (8.7%) patients exhibited severe ischemic or hemorrhagic complications during the ICU stay. There was no association between the immune status and the occurrence of ICU-acquired infections. Nonmalignant immunosuppression and hematologic malignancies were independently associated with increased risks of severe ischemic events (cause-specific hazard, 2.12 [1.14–3.96]; p = 0.02) and hemorrhage (cause-specific hazard, 3.17 [1.41–7.13]; p = 0.005), respectively.

Conclusions:
The underlying immune status impacts on the course of septic shock and on the susceptibility to ICU-acquired complications. This emphasizes the complexity of sepsis syndromes in relation with comorbid conditions and raises the question of the relevant endpoints in clinical studies.
Primary Cutaneous Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Leg Type, With Spontaneous Regression After Biopsy
Authors: Marrero-Alemán Gabriel , Montenegro-Dámaso Társila , Peñate Yeray 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:
Primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type (PCDLBCL-LT) represents approximately 20% of cutaneous B lymphomas with an intermediate prognosis. Spontaneous regression is uncommon; there are only 2 published cases. An 83-year-old woman presented 2 orange erythematous nodules on the back of her right leg with an elastic consistency, infiltrated, painful to the touch, and of an 8-month evolution. A histological examination revealed a dense cellular dermo-hypodermic infiltrate sparing the papillary dermis, composed of large cells with immunoblast and centroblast morphology and frequent mitosis. Immunohistochemical studies showed positivity for CD20, CD79, Bcl2, Bcl6, MUM1, Fox-P1, and IgM with Ki67 >95%. Rearrangement of heavy IgH chains was monoclonal. The extension study was negative, establishing a diagnosis of PCDLBCL-LT, T2aN0M0. Three months after biopsy, the patient's lesions regressed spontaneously. New biopsies were taken that revealed a mild diffused dermo-hypodermic cellular infiltrate compounded by small-sized T lymphocytes, with predominance of CD8. Despite its self-limited character, treatment with radiotherapy was done, remaining asymptomatic after 1 year follow-up. There are 2 published cases of PCDLBCL-LT with spontaneous regression. The cause of this unusual autoinvolutional phenomenon is unknown; it may be an immune response against tumor cells through a traumatic or infectious mechanism.
A Case of Lymphomatoid Papulosis Type E With an Unusual Exacerbated Clinical Course
Authors: Belousova Irena E. , Kyrpychova Liubov , Samtsov Alexey V. , Kazakov Dmitry V. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:
Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP) type E is a recently delineated variant characterized by the occurrence of large necrotic “eschar”-like lesions displaying microscopically angioinvasive and angiodestructive infiltrates composed of CD30+ lymphocytes, frequently coexpressing CD8. In contrast to other LyP variants where patients develop multiple lesions, most patients with LyP type E present with few lesions (often 1 or 2 at a given time). In this article, we describe a 34-year-old man with LyP type E with an exacerbated clinical course characterized by the occurrence of almost a hundred of lesions. Initially, he presented with a single rapidly growing 2-cm large erythematous nodule on the forearm but after the administration of doxycycline multiple eschar-like lesions developed all over the body. Atypical lymphoid infiltrates with marked angiocentricity and angiotropism of CD30+ medium-sized to large pleomorphic lymphocytes were seen histopathologically. After the withdrawal of the antibiotic, the lesions spontaneously regressed. Awareness of this rare LyP variant and its correct recognition, even if the clinical course is unusual and worrisome, is important to avoid aggressive treatment.
Cutaneous Richter Syndrome Mimicking Primary Cutaneous CD4-Positive Small/Medium T-cell Lymphoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Rito Miguel , Cabeçadas José , Costa Rosa Joaninha , Cravo Mariana , Robson Alistair 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:
Richter syndrome represents the transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma into an aggressive large B-cell lymphoma. Skin involvement is exceptionally rare, with <20 cases reported and its presence as the first presentation of CLL/small lymphocytic lymphoma, as an isolated skin lesion has never been described. Primary cutaneous CD4-positive small/medium T-cell lymphoma (CD4+ PCSM-TCL) characteristically presents with a dense dermal infiltrate consisting primarily of small-/medium-sized pleomorphic T-cells and less than 30% large pleomorphic cells. A polymorphous reactive infiltrate composed of B-cells, histiocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils is also found in differing proportions. Because of these morphological characteristics, the differential diagnosis includes not only other forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas but also B-cell lymphomas and reactive lymphoid infiltrates. We report a case of a cutaneous Richter syndrome as the initial manifestation of CLL, mimicking CD4+ PCSM-TCL, in a 65-year-old apparently healthy asymptomatic man who presented with a solitary nodule in his arm. The objective of this study is to draw attention to this potential pitfall and describe this rare presentation.
Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis With Clinical and Histologic Features of Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Brief Report and Review
Authors: Kalen Jessica E. , Shokeen Divya , Mislankar Mona , Wangia Michael , Motaparthi Kiran 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an uncommon histiocytic disorder in adults. Clinically, this rare entity can mimic other dermatologic conditions, including hidradenitis suppurativa. A case of LCH is reported with clinical and histologic features of hidradenitis suppurativa, along with a review of these unusual findings. Clinical dermatologists and dermatopathologists benefit from awareness of this unique presentation, which may prompt earlier identification and diagnosis of adult patients with LCH.
Parenting to Reduce Child Screen Time: A Feasibility Pilot Study
Authors: Sanders Wesley , Parent Justin , Forehand Rex 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Excessive screen time has been associated with a multitude of child health problems. This pilot study examined the feasibility and preliminary outcome of a novel 1-session intervention designed to help parents reduce their child's screen time.

Methods:
Thirty-nine parents of 5- to 12-year-old children were randomized to the intervention (a combined didactics and hands-on approach focused on technology-specific parenting) or waitlist control group.

Results:
The findings suggested that a sample could be recruited in a reasonable time (6 wk) at a reasonable cost, randomized, and retained at 6 weeks postintervention. Preliminary evidence suggested the intervention, which was implemented with fidelity, was associated with change in technology-specific parenting and 1 of 2 measures of child screen time. Parents reported satisfaction with the intervention and confidence in managing their child's screen time.

Conclusion:
The results of this pilot study suggest that this 1-session intervention is a promising approach to managing child screen time.
Persistent Encopresis, Enuresis, and Anxiety in a 7-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Nelson Theodora , Chae Heekyung , Anbar Ran D. , Stein Martin T. 
Published: September 2017

CASE: Sonia is a 7-year-old old girl who was referred to the Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics Clinic by the Pediatric Urology Clinic because of persistent wetting and soiling behaviors. Since age 3 years, she has had a history of encopresis (and wetting) for which she has seen gastroenterology and urology specialists. The mother reports that Sonia has accidents almost daily, and she is not upset when sitting in her urine or feces. She dislikes going into the bathroom or sitting on the toilet by herself. She participated in a behavior modification program associated with the pediatric urology clinic, which helps children learn healthy voiding habits and achieve continence.
Sonia also has anxious behaviors. She bites her nails and chews on her hair or shirt. She is afraid of small spaces such as those between the bed and the wall and needs to have stuffed animals cover them. Other instances that trigger her anxious behaviors include loud noises, having a substitute teacher, being separated from her mother, and going to certain bathrooms or new places. She also has severe tantrums, which involve throwing and breaking objects, kicking, and hitting her head against doors.
A cognitive behavioral therapy program was recommended to target anxiety symptoms, in addition to timed toileting after meals and polyethylene glycol. At a clinic visit several months later, symptoms of anxiety, encopresis, and enuresis persisted. Cognitive behavior therapy was continued and sertraline 25 mg was prescribed for anxiety. In addition, she was referred to a pediatrician who specializes in relaxation techniques and hypnotherapy.
Sonia showed modest improvement with these interventions. There were fewer episodes of angry outbursts and a decrease in soiling and wetting, but at times, but she continued to have intermittent periods of wetting and soiling and fear of going to the bathroom by herself persisted.
(This Challenging Case extends observations reviewed in a previous Challenging Case: J Dev Behav Pediatr 2010;531:513–515; DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181e5a464.)
Enoxaparin Population Pharmacokinetics in the First Year of Life
Authors: Moffett Brady S. , Galati Marianne , Mahoney Donald , Lee-Kim YoungNa , Teruya Jun , Shah Mona D. , Yee Donald L. 
Published: September 2017

Aims:
Enoxaparin dosing requirements in the first year of life can be highly variable. Characterization of pharmacokinetics in this patient population can assist in dosing.

Methods:
Patients less than 1 year postnatal age who received enoxaparin and had an anti–factor Xa activity level drawn as inpatients were identified through the pharmacy database over a 5-year period. Patients on renal replacement therapy or with hyperbilirubinemia were excluded. Data collection included demographic variables, indication for enoxaparin, enoxaparin doses, anti–factor Xa activity levels, serum creatinine, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, and urine output over the previous 24 hours. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed with NONMEM.

Results:
A total of 182 patients [male 50%, median 100 days postnatal age (range: 4–353 days)] met the study criteria. Patients received median 22 doses (range: 1–526) at a mean starting dose of 1.38 ± 0.43 mg/kg with median 5 (range: 1–56) anti–factor Xa activity levels measured. A 1-compartment proportional and additive error model best fits the data. Allometrically scaled weight significantly decreased the objective function value, as did serum creatinine on clearance, and postmenstrual age (PMA) on volume of distribution. When evaluated graphically, dosing based on PMA appeared to have less variability as compared to postnatal age–based dosing.

Conclusions:
Dosing of enoxaparin in infants younger than 1 year should incorporate PMA.
Bilateral Free Flap Breast Reconstruction Outcomes: Do Abdominal Scars Affect Bilateral Flaps?
Authors: Unukovych Dmytro , Caterson Edward J. , Carty Matthew J. , Erdmann-Sager Jessica , Halvorson Eric , Caterson Stephanie A. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
The incidence of bilateral mastectomies is increasing along with the rates of breast reconstructions. A substantial number of patients will present with abdominal scars after Cesarean section, laparoscopy, laparotomy, and so on. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of prior abdominal scars on complication rates in abdominal bilateral free flap breast reconstruction.

Methods:
All consecutive patients with autologous free flap breast reconstruction between 2007 and 2014 were eligible. The relevant demographic and clinical data were prospectively collected into a study-specific database. Complications and reoperations were prospectively registered after postoperative outpatient visits.

Results:
Overall, 493 patients underwent abdominally based breast reconstruction during the study period: unilateral (n = 250; 50.7%) or bilateral (n = 243; 49.3%). In the bilateral group, the abdominal scar locations were Pfannenstiel (n = 73; 30.1%), midline (n = 16; 6.6%), lower oblique (n = 17; 7.0%), upper oblique (n = 5; 2.1%), and laparoscopic (n = 69; 28.4%). Four (1.7%) flap failures (including 1 converted to a pedicled transverse rectus abdominis flap) were registered, all occurring in patients from the scar group: 3 with Pfannenstiel incision and 1 patient with prior laparoscopy. Pfannenstiel scar was associated with higher risk of hematoma at the recipient site when compared with no scar group (13.7% versus 2.2%; P = 0.006). Partial flap necrosis, infection, and seroma occurred in 14 (5.9%), 8 (3.4%), and 5 (2.1%) patients, respectively, and no differences between the scar groups were identified.

Conclusion:
Surgical outcomes of bilateral reconstructions in patients with abdominal scars are generally comparable with ones in patients without prior surgery; however, some problems have been identified. These procedures might have some intraoperative considerations and often require increased operative times. Apart from the traditional preoperative computed tomography angiography, intraoperative imaging (e.g., fluorescence angiography) may be advocated in patients with abdominal scars.
MORPHOLOGIC FEATURES ASSOCIATED WITH FIBROTIC SCARRING AFTER ANTI–VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR THERAPY IN POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY
Authors: Kim Jae Hui , Chang Young Suk , Kim Jong Woo , Kim Chul Gu , Lee Dong Won , Kim Ye Ji 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To investigate morphologic features associated with fibrotic scarring after anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Methods:
This retrospective study included 293 patients who had been diagnosed with PCV and treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monotherapy during a 12-month follow-up period. Associations of morphologic features, including type of PCV, location of the polypoidal lesion, greatest linear dimension, largest polyp diameter, choroidal vascular hyperpermeability, pigment epithelial detachment, intraretinal fluid, and subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) with fibrotic scar at 12 months were analyzed.

Results:
Fibrotic scars were noted in 15 eyes (5.1%). The incidence of fibrotic scars was higher in Type 1 PCV (8 of 76 eyes) than in Type 2 PCV (7 of 217 eyes, P = 0.028). The incidence was also higher in eyes with SHRM (14 of 124 eyes) than in eyes without SHRM (1 of 169 eyes, P < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, SHRM was associated with fibrotic scar (P = 0.005). Among the SHRM cases, the incidence of the scar was 12.9% in eyes with submacular hemorrhage and 8.5% in eyes without hemorrhage.

Conclusion:
Although fibrotic scar is an infrequent finding in PCV, the possibility of scarring should be considered in eyes with SHRM, particularly in submacular hemorrhage cases.
CHOROIDAL MELANOMA IN PHAKOMATOSIS PIGMENTOVASCULARIS WITH KLIPPEL–TRENAUNAY SYNDROME
Authors: Shields Carol L. , Di Nicola Maura , Pellegrini Marco , Shields Jerry A. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To describe the relationship of choroidal melanoma with phakomatosis pigmentovascularis in patients with Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome.

Methods:
Retrospective review of 5 patients.

Results:
In all 5 cases, the patient was white and the cutaneous port-wine stain was congenital. The port-wine stain involved the chin (n = 1), jawline (n = 2), lower cheek (n = 1), thorax (n = 5), abdomen (n = 4), upper (n = 4), and lower (n = 3) limb(s). The ocular melanocytosis involved the sclera (n = 5), iris (n = 2) and choroid (n = 4). At diagnosis of choroidal melanoma, mean patient age was 57 years (median 61, range 17–83 years). The melanoma demonstrated mean basal diameter of 11.6 mm (median 12, range 5–16 mm) and mean thickness of 5.7 mm (median 6.1, range 2–9), revealing intrinsic tumor pigment and subretinal fluid in all cases. Melanoma management included plaque radiotherapy (n = 3), thermotherapy (n = 1), or enucleation (n = 1). At mean follow-up of 4 years, one patient demonstrated melanoma-related metastasis with death.

Conclusion:
Phakomatosis pigmentovascularis represents coexistence of Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome (or Sturge–Weber syndrome) and oculo(dermal) melanocytosis, promoting risk for life-threatening uveal melanoma. The authors suggest that all patients with Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome be evaluated for phakomatosis pigmentovascularis and affected patients have dilated fundus examination once or twice a year.
A Novel Entity of Corneal Diseases with Irregular Posterior Corneal Surfaces: Concept and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Yamaguchi Takefumi , Shimizu Eisuke , Yagi-Yaguchi Yukari , Tomida Daisuke , Satake Yoshiyuki , Shimazaki Jun 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:
Various corneal diseases, such as hereditary corneal dystrophies, corneal infection, and bullous keratopathy, cause corneal opacity, scarring, and edema, leading to severely decreased visual acuity and loss of vision. These diseases were regarded as corneal opacity diseases, and the decreased visual acuity was considered to be predominantly caused by corneal opacity. The influence of corneal irregular astigmatism on vision has been poorly understood to date, mainly because accurate quantification of irregular astigmatism has been technically challenging. We have performed detailed analyses of the corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) of the anterior and posterior surfaces and total cornea in corneal diseases, using an anterior segment imaging system combined with a ray-tracing method. Subsequently, we conducted correlation analyses between corneal HOAs and visual acuities and characterized the typical HOA patterns in the corneal diseases. Our recent studies demonstrated that corneal HOAs directly degrade visual acuity in eyes with mild-to-moderate corneal opacities, such as corneal dystrophies, corneal scarring, and bullous keratopathy. The findings also suggested that correction of corneal HOAs using rigid gas-permeable contact lenses is effective in eyes with a smooth posterior surface and useful in certain patients with corneal scarring to some extent. Our data will be useful for decision making regarding surgical interventions, based on the amount of corneal HOAs. Our results further indicate the clinical relevance of irregular astigmatism in the posterior surfaces in assessing the visual function of eyes with various corneal diseases.
High levels of cerebrospinal fluid chemokines point to the presence of neuroinflammation in peripheral neuropathic pain: a cross-sectional study of 2 cohorts of patients compared with healthy controls
Authors: Bäckryd Emmanuel , Lind Anne-Li , Thulin Måns , Larsson Anders , Gerdle Björn , Gordh Torsten 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAnimal models suggest that chemokines are important mediators in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Indeed, these substances have been called “gliotransmitters,” a term that illustrates the close interplay between glial cells and neurons in the context of neuroinflammation and pain. However, evidence in humans is scarce. The aim of the study was to determine a comprehensive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory profile of patients with neuropathic pain. Our hypothesis was that we would thereby find indications of a postulated on-going process of central neuroinflammation. Samples of CSF were collected from 2 cohorts of patients with neuropathic pain (n = 11 and n = 16, respectively) and healthy control subjects (n = 11). The samples were analyzed with a multiplex proximity extension assay in which 92 inflammation-related proteins were measured simultaneously (Proseek Multiplex Inflammation I; Olink Bioscience, Uppsala, Sweden). Univariate testing with control of false discovery rate, as well as orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis, were used for statistical analyses. Levels of chemokines CXCL6, CXCL10, CCL8, CCL11, CCL23 in CSF, as well as protein LAPTGF-beta-1, were significantly higher in both neuropathic pain cohorts compared with healthy controls, pointing to neuroinflammation in patients. These 6 proteins were also major results in a recent similar study in patients with fibromyalgia. The findings need to be confirmed in larger cohorts, and the question of causality remains to be settled. Because it has been suggested that prevalent comorbidities to chronic pain (eg, depression, anxiety, poor sleep, and tiredness) also are associated with neuroinflammation, it will be important to determine whether neuroinflammation is a common mediator.