bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Consequences of School Dropout among Serious Adolescent Offenders
Authors: Na Chongmin 
Published: August 2016

Objectives: Drawing on labeling and routine activities perspectives, this study investigates whether within-individual change in the school dropout status is associated with the risk of subsequent offending and arrest among serious adolescent offenders. Methods: Longitudinal panel data and a modified version of conventional random-effects models are used as a potential outcome model of causality to directly compare the outcomes before and after the change in the school dropout status. Results: School dropout significantly increases the likelihood of rearrest, but there is no statistically discernable impact of dropping out of school on self-reported reoffending. Conclusions: The current study adds insights into the school dropout literature by exploring the role of school dropout as one of the contingencies of “differential social reaction” or “secondary sanctioning” processes in which arrest leads to a greater risk of subsequent arrest.
Characteristics of Pregnant Women With Hepatitis B Virus Infection in 5 US Public Health Jurisdictions, 2008-2012
Authors: Walker Tanja Y. , Smith Emily A. , Fenlon Nancy , Lazaroff Julie E. , Dusek Cristina , Fineis Patrick , Crowley Susan A. , Benson Ruthie , Veselsky Steven L. , Murphy Trudy V. 
Published: August 2016

Objective: We estimated the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), a serologic marker of active hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, among pregnant women, and estimated the proportion HBsAg-positive pregnant women who had received additional recommended testing. Methods: From 2008 through 2012, Perinatal Hepatitis B Prevention Programs (PHBPPs) in Florida, Michigan, Minnesota, New York City, and Texas prospectively collected data on demographic characteristics of HBsAg-positive pregnant women. We estimated the prevalence of HBsAg positivity among pregnant women by demographic characteristics using natality data. PHBPPs (excluding Texas) collected additional recommended testing (for hepatitis B e antigen [HBeAg] and/or HBV deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA]) among HBsAg-positive pregnant women to measure levels of viremia. Results: During the study period, 15,205 HBsAg-positive women were case-managed. The median age of HBsAg-positive women was 29 years; prenatal HBsAg screening was at a median of 27 weeks pre-delivery. Of 15,205 HBsAg-positive women, 11,293 (74.3%) were foreign-born. In four PHBPPs with 14,098 pregnancies among 12,214 HBsAg-positive women, HBeAg and/or HBV DNA testing was documented for 2,794 (19.8%) pregnancies. The estimated prevalence of HBsAg positivity among pregnant women was 0.38% (17,023 of 4,468,773). HBsAg prevalence was highest among foreign-born women from most regions in Asia (2.0% to 8.7%; with the exception of South Asia, 0.4%) and Africa (3.4%). Conclusion: One-fifth of HBsAg-positive pregnant women had documentation for HBeAg and/or HBV DNA, and about one-third reported receiving care for HBV infection during a case-managed pregnancy. Greater emphasis is needed on prenatal evaluation for HBV liver disease care and treatment among pregnant women with HBV infection.
Surgical Management of Fistula-in-ano Among Patients With Crohn’s Disease: Analysis of Outcomes After Fistulotomy or Seton Placement—Single-Center Experience
Authors: Papaconstantinou I. , Kontis E. , Koutoulidis V. , Mantzaris G. , Vassiliou I. 
Published: August 2016

Background and Aim: Fistula-in-ano is a common problem among patients with Crohn’s disease and carries significant morbidity. We aimed to study the outcomes of surgical treatment of fistula-in-ano after fistulotomy or seton placement in patients with perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease. Material and Methods: A retrospective observational study of 59 patients diagnosed with Crohn’s disease, who were treated surgically for fistula-in-ano between 2010 and 2014 in our department. The assessment of disease complexity included a detailed physical examination, magnetic resonance imaging of the rectum, and examination under anesthesia. Outcomes for analysis included wound healing rate and postoperative incontinence. Results: High transsphincteric fistula was found in 44% of the patients, while mid or low transsphincteric fistulas were found in 51%. Three women (5%) had a rectovaginal fistula. All patients with high transsphincteric fistulas were treated with loose seton placement. Patients with mid- or low-level transsphincteric fistula were offered either fistulotomy or seton placement based on the clinical evaluation. The mean follow-up duration was 1.6 ± 1.1 years. In terms of recurrence, one patient treated with seton placement presented with recurrence 6 months after seton removal and one patient with fistulotomy failed to achieve wound healing. Minor incontinence was found in six patients treated with fistulotomy and in three patients treated with seton placement; however, this difference was not significant (chi-square = 1.723, df = 1, Monte–Carlo: p = 0.273). Conclusion: Fistulotomy could achieve good results in terms of wound healing and incontinence in strictly selected patients with Crohn’s disease suffering from low-lying transsphincteric fistulae. For more high-lying or complicated fistulae, seton placement is more appropriate. For high transsphincteric fistulae, the only option is placement of loose seton.
Cilia are required for asymmetric nodal induction in the sea urchin embryo
Authors: Tisler Matthias , Wetzel Franziska , Mantino Sabrina , Kremnyov Stanislav , Thumberger Thomas , Schweickert Axel , Blum Martin , Vick Philipp 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background
Left-right (LR) organ asymmetries are a common feature of metazoan animals. In many cases, laterality is established by a conserved asymmetric Nodal signaling cascade during embryogenesis. In most vertebrates, asymmetric nodal induction results from a cilia-driven leftward fluid flow at the left-right organizer (LRO), a ciliated epithelium present during gastrula/neurula stages. Conservation of LRO and flow beyond the vertebrates has not been reported yet.

Results
Here we study sea urchin embryos, which use nodal to establish larval LR asymmetry as well. Cilia were found in the archenteron of embryos undergoing gastrulation. Expression of foxj1 and dnah9 suggested that archenteron cilia were motile. Cilia were polarized to the posterior pole of cells, a prerequisite of directed flow. High-speed videography revealed rotating cilia in the archenteron slightly before asymmetric nodal induction. Removal of cilia through brief high salt treatments resulted in aberrant patterns of nodal expression. Our data demonstrate that cilia - like in vertebrates - are required for asymmetric nodal induction in sea urchin embryos.

Conclusions
Based on these results we argue that the anterior archenteron represents a bona fide LRO and propose that cilia-based symmetry breakage is a synapomorphy of the deuterostomes.
Psychosocial Adjustment and Perceived Risk Among Adolescent Girls From Families With BRCA1/2 or Breast Cancer History
Authors: Bradbury Angela R. , Patrick-Miller Linda , Schwartz Lisa A. , Egleston Brian L. , Henry-Moss Dare , Domchek Susan M. , Daly Mary B. , Tuchman Lisa , Moore Cynthia , Rauch Paula K. , Shorter Rebecca , Karpink Kelsey , Sands Colleen Burke 
Published: August 2016

Purpose To evaluate the impact of breast cancer family history and maternal BRCA1/2 mutation on the psychosocial adjustment and perceived risk in girls age 11 to 19 years old. Materials and Methods Girls age 11 to 19 years old with one or more relatives with breast cancer or a familial BRCA1/2 mutation (breast cancer family history [BCFH] positive, n = 208; n = 69 with BRCA1/2-positive mother), peers (BCFH negative, n = 112), and their mothers completed assessments of psychosocial adjustment, breast cancer–specific distress, and perceived risk of breast cancer. Results General psychosocial adjustment did not differ significantly between BCFH-positive and BCFH-negative girls, either by self-report or mother report, except for higher self-esteem among BCFH-positive girls (P = .01). BCFH-positive girls had higher breast cancer–specific distress than BCFH-negative girls (P < .001), but girls from BRCA1/2-positive families did not differ from other BCFH-positive peers. BCFH-positive girls were more likely to report themselves at increased self-risk for breast cancer in adulthood than BCFH-negative peers (74% v 33%, respectively; P ≤ .001). Girls from BRCA1/2-positive families were more likely than other BCFH-positive and BCFH-negative peers to report themselves at increased risk (P < .001). In all groups, perceived risk of breast cancer was associated with older age. Higher breast cancer–specific distress among adolescent girls was associated with higher self-perceived risk of breast cancer and higher maternal breast cancer–specific distress. Conclusion Adolescent girls from BRCA1/2-positive and breast cancer families have higher self-esteem and do not have poorer psychosocial adjustment than peers. However, they do experience greater breast cancer–specific distress and perceived risk of breast cancer, particularly among older girls. Understanding the impact is important to optimize responses to growing up in families at familial and genetic risk for breast cancer, particularly given the debate over the genetic testing of children for cancer susceptibility in adulthood.
Baseline Metabolic Tumor Volume Predicts Outcome in High–Tumor-Burden Follicular Lymphoma: A Pooled Analysis of Three Multicenter Studies
Authors: Meignan Michel , Cottereau Anne Ségolène , Versari Annibale , Chartier Loïc , Dupuis Jehan , Boussetta Sami , Grassi Ilaria , Casasnovas René-Olivier , Haioun Corinne , Tilly Hervé , Tarantino Vittoria , Dubreuil Julien , Federico Massimo , Salles Gilles , Luminari Stefano , Trotman Judith 
Published: August 2016

Purpose Identifying patients at high risk of progression and early death among those with high-tumor-burden follicular lymphoma (FL) is unsatisfactory with current prognostic models. This study aimed to determine the prognostic impact of the total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV) measured at baseline with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose/positron emission tomography-computed tomography ([18F]FDG/PET-CT) scans and its added value to these models. Patients and Methods A pooled analysis was performed by using patient data and centrally reviewed baseline PET-CT scans for 185 patients with FL who were receiving immunochemotherapy within three prospective trials. TMTV was computed by using the 41% maximum standardized uptake value thresholding method, and the optimal cutoff for survival prediction was determined. Results Median age was 55 years, 92% of patients had stage III to IV disease, 37% had a Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) score of 3 to 5, and 31% had a FLIPI2 score of 3 to 5. With a median follow-up of 64 months, overall 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 55% and overall survival (OS) was 92%. Median TMTV was 297 cm3 (quartile 1 through quartile 3, 135 to 567 cm3). The optimal cutoff identified was 510 cm3, with a markedly inferior survival in the 29% of patients with TMTV > 510 cm3. Five-year PFS was 33% versus 65% (hazard ratio [HR], 2.90; P < .001), and 5-year OS was 85% versus 95% (HR, 3.45; P = .010). On multivariable analysis, TMTV (HR, 2.3; P = .002) and FLIPI2 score (HR, 2.2; P = .002) were independent predictors of PFS. In combination, they identify three risk groups: high TMTV and intermediate-to-high FLIPI2 score with 5-year PFS of 20% (HR, 5.0; P < .001), high TMTV or intermediate-to-high FLIPI2 score with 5-year PFS of 46% (HR, 2.1; P = .007), and low TMTV and low FLIP2 with 5-year PFS of 69%. Conclusion Baseline TMTV is a strong independent predictor of outcome in FL. In combination with FLIPI2 score, it identifies patients at high risk of early progression. It warrants further validation as a biomarker for development of first-line PET-adapted approaches in FL.
Circulating microRNA Signatures in Patients With Idiopathic and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis and Fragility Fractures
Authors: Kocijan Roland , Muschitz Christian , Geiger Elisabeth , Skalicky Susanna , Baierl Andreas , Dormann Rainer , Plachel Fabian , Feichtinger Xaver , Heimel Patrick , Fahrleitner-Pammer Astrid , Grillari Johannes , Redl Heinz , Resch Heinrich , Hackl Matthias 
Published: August 2016

Context:
Established bone turnover markers do not reflect fracture risk in idiopathic male and premenopausal osteoporosis and the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in these patients is currently unclear. miRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and bone tissue homeostasis. They are considered a new class of endocrine regulators with promising potential as biomarkers.

Objective:
Evaluation of circulating miRNA signatures in male and female subjects with idiopathic and postmenopausal osteoporotic low-traumatic fractures.

Design, Setting, and Patients:
This was a case-control study of cross-sectional design of 36 patients with prevalent low-traumatic fractures and 39 control subjects

Main Outcome Measures:
One hundred eighty-seven miRNAs were quantified in serum by qPCR, compared between groups and correlated with established bone turnover markers.

Results:
Significant differences in serum levels of circulating miRNAs were identified in all three subgroups (46 in premenopausal, 52 in postmenopausal, 55 in male). A set of 19 miRNAs was consistently regulated in all three subgroups. Eight miRNAs [miR-152-3p, miR-30e-5p, miR-140-5p, miR-324-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-335-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-550a-3p] were excellent discriminators of patients with low-traumatic fractures, regardless of age and sex, with area under the curve values &gt; 0.9. The 11 remaining miRNAs showed area under the curve values between 0.81 and 0.89. Correlation analysis identified significant correlations between miR-29b-3p and P1NP, and miR-365-5p and iPTH, TRAP5b, P1NP and Osteocalcin, as well as BMDL1–L4 and miR-19b-3p, miR-324-3p, miR-532-5p, and miR-93-5p.

Conclusions:
Specific serum miRNA profiles are strongly related to bone pathologies. Therefore miRNAs might be directly linked to bone tissue homeostasis. In particular, miR-29b-3p has previously been reported as regulator of osteogenic differentiation and could serve as a novel marker of bone turnover in osteoporotic patients as a member of a miRNA signature.
Endoscopic pilonidal abscess treatment: a novel approach for the treatment of pilonidal abscess
Authors: Jain Y , Javed MA , Singh S , Rout S , Joshi H , Rajaganeshan R 
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION Pilonidal abscess is a common surgical emergency. Conventional treatment with incision and drainage is associated with significant postoperative morbidity. We report our initial experience of using minimally invasive endoscopic technique for the treatment of pilonidal abscesses, referred to as endoscopic pilonidal abscess treatment (EPAT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective database of all patients undergoing EPAT between January 2015 and March 2016 at Whiston Hospital was maintained. Data regarding patient demographics, peroperative variables and postoperative follow-up were recorded. RESULTS Nineteen patients were included, male to female ratio was 53 : 47 and median age of the cohort was 24 years (interquartile range 22–25 years). EPAT was the primary procedure for 10 patients and 9 had EPAT for recurrent pilonidal abscesses. There were no readmissions and none needed further surgery within 6 weeks of having the procedure. In all patients, complete wound healing was achieved within 6 weeks; all reported minimal postoperative pain (median postoperative visual analogue scale score 1) and immediate return to the activities of daily life. Four of the nineteen patients (21%) required definitive intervention for pilonidal disease in the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS EPAT is a novel, minimally invasive technique for the treatment of acute pilonidal abscesses. It is safe, associated with reduced postoperative morbidity, recurrence rate and quick wound healing. Initial encouraging results require further investigations on a larger group of patients in a multicentre setting.
Patterns, timing and consequences of post-thyroidectomy haemorrhage
Authors: Farooq MS , Nouraei R , Kaddour H , Saharay M 
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION Post-thyroidectomy bleeding is a low frequency but potentially life threatening event that is very difficult to predict. Given the increasing drive towards thyroidectomy with same day discharge, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying patterns, timing and consequences of post-thyroidectomy bleeding to assess the feasibility of day-case thyroidectomy. METHODS All patients who underwent a thyroidectomy between 2008 and 2015 at our institution were identified. Patterns, timing and consequences in all those who developed post-thyroidectomy bleeding were studied. RESULTS Of the 805 patients included in the study, 14 required re-exploration for bleeding; 7 (50%) of these within 8 hours of surgery, 6 (43%) between 18 and 30 hours, and 1 (7%) at 49 hours. Just under half (43%) of those with post-thyroidectomy bleeding had thyrotoxicosis. CONCLUSIONS A significant number of postoperative haemorrhages occurred beyond the immediate postoperative period. Same day discharge after thyroidectomy cannot therefore be recommended as a routine practice.
Perfoation of the gallbladder: ‘bait’ for the unsuspecting laparoscopic surgeon
Authors: Mughal Z , Green J , Whatling PJ , Patel R , Holme TC 
Published: August 2016

INTRODUCTION Cholecystectomy is one of the most common elective procedures carried out by general surgeons. Most patients present with typical biliary anatomy and simple gallstone disease. Intraoperative and postoperative courses are frequently predictable and uncomplicated. Nevertheless, a small but significant number of patients experience complicated disease with rare presentations and complex biliary anatomy. Unfortunately, consensus on appropriate care for such patients is lacking. CASE HISTORY We describe three patients who presented with complex manifestations of gallbladder perforation: acute perforation of the gallbladder; a spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula; a cholecystoduodenal fistula. The initial presentation, preoperative investigations, and selected surgical strategy for each case are described. CONCLUSIONS The case studies described here illustrate the need for a low index of suspicion for gallbladder perforation. Caution should be exercised in preoperative and intraoperative phases in this patient population.
‘Golden Deportees’ and ‘Reluctant Pioneers’: The redefinition of home in Mavis Gallant’s ‘Varieties of Exile’
Authors: Smyth Kate 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article argues that Canadian author Mavis Gallant’s short story ‘Varieties of Exile’ highlights the links between identity, perceptions of place and memory, suggesting that the notion of ‘home’ and experiences of displacement and exile for transnational or migratory individuals can be reinterpreted as a positive when placed in opposition to limited and static constructions of national identity. Gallant’s focus on marginal migratory figures allows for an interrogation of what it means to be ‘Canadian’ and ‘at home’, an interrogation that is not limited to Canadian identity and place but that Gallant leaves open for transnational, cross-cultural, global interpretations. Incorporating both modern and postmodern elements, ‘Varieties of Exile’ suggests that there is no ‘true’ self, that identity is mutable. This is linked with migration and with the things individuals choose to remember and forget in order for identities to be continually reconstructed in response to life events.
Transnational heterotopia and death-driven narcissism in A.L. Kennedy’s ‘Made Over, Made Out’
Authors: Mieszkowski Sylvia 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A.L. Kennedy’s short story ‘Made Over, Made Out’ (1998) exposes how and why a highly exclusive type of transnational perspective fails to translate into a capacity for dialogue with the (gendered) ‘other’. Structured by ‘homosocial desire’ (Sedgwick), the space shuttle, in which the story is set, functions simultaneously as a ‘heterotopia of crisis’ (Foucault) and as one of those ‘transient non-spaces’ typical of supermodernity (Augé). Although the main characters agree that their astronauts’ point of view fosters an ability to understand the planet as a whole, which undermines NASA’s vested national interests, the protagonist’s inability for dialogue with those who do not and cannot form part of his highly exclusive community is foregrounded. ‘Made Over, Made Out’ allegorizes a transnational utopia’s collapse brought about by individual psychic forces. Instead of gleaning some strategies for communication from his global insights, which might produce agency, the dichotomously minded hero’s death drive propels a psychic regression from narcissism to autoeroticism (Freud), while the eroticized objects (the planet/the wife) are locked into the position of the ‘other’ as spectacle.
Transnational perspectives in Simon J. Ortiz’s short fiction
Authors: Achilles Jochen 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Contemporary American short stories from Simon J. Ortiz’s Men of the Moon (1999) can be considered a testing ground for conceptualizations of (trans)-national identities from Randolph Bourne’s ‘Transnational America’ (1916) to David Hollinger’s Postethnic America (1995). In these stories the aesthetic concretization of contingent experiences by Native Americans both confirms and critiques the theoretical concepts of postcolonial studies and transnational American Studies. Both Ortiz’s ‘The Way You See Horses’ and ‘Crossing’ unfold the relativity and observer-dependence of individual perception as well as the epistemological awareness and cultural dialectics of Julia Kristeva’s Strangers to Themselves (1991). Actual intercultural and transnational encounters in Ortiz’s stories often spell disaster much more radically than promise. Only three of the stories in Ortiz’s collection, ‘Pennstuwehniyaahtse: Quuti’s Story’, ‘Hiding West of Here’ and ‘To Change Life in a Good Way’, suggest interethnic solidarity. These stories help develop a humanism which expresses itself in the dissociation of foreignness and familiarity in postcolonial and transnational contexts. Ortiz’s short fiction thus functions as a liminal third space which exposes both the fragmentation and potential of time-honoured Native American spiritual convictions. That such spiritualism has partially sunk into oblivion does not spell irrelevance and obsolescence. Paradoxically it turns into the precondition of mutual rapprochements of cultural difference and both intercultural and transnational acceptance. What renders Ortiz’s reassertion of Native American spiritualism humanist is the caution and tolerant awareness of the other that accompanies it.
Translating imaginary territories in fantasy short fiction
Authors: Perrier Marie 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Translating a text set in an imaginary world poses specific problems to the translator, since the original often indirectly builds on cultural bearings to create a setting both related to reality and endowed with its own peculiarities and exotic features. The translator will need to find the same balance between familiarity and strangeness so as to allow its reader to enter the imaginary world. This article will focus on a precursor of the genre of fantasy, the Irish writer Lord Dunsany. Instead of a tapestry whose threads become invisible, his imaginary world is built like a tessellated literary body. Coherence and identity are not to be found in a wealth of details and lengthy descriptions, but in powerful, striking nodes of meaning. A few examples from the various translations of his early tales into French will help us show the challenge faced by the translator who has to identify these nodes and translate them, finding a new balance in fragmentation which still allows the reader to grasp the ethereal unity of Dunsany’s imaginary territories.