bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insecticide resistance and diminished secondary kill performance of bait formulations against German cockroaches (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)
Authors: Ko Alexander E , Bieman Donald N , Schal Coby , Silverman Jules 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDBait formulations are considered to be the most effective method for reducing German cockroach (Blattella germanica) infestations. An important property of some bait formulations is secondary kill, whereby active ingredient (AI) is translocated in insect‐produced residues throughout the cockroach population, especially affecting relatively sedentary early‐instar nymphs.RESULTSB. germanicawas collected from a location where baits containing hydramethylnon, fipronil or indoxacarb had become ineffective, and theseAIswere topically applied to adult males. Results revealed the first evidence for hydramethylnon resistance, moderate resistance to fipronil and extremely high resistance to indoxacarb. Insecticide residues excreted by field‐collected males that had ingested commercial baits effectively killed nymphs of an insecticide‐susceptible laboratory strain ofB. germanicabut failed to kill most nymphs of the field‐collected strain.CONCLUSIONSWe report three novel findings: (1) the first evidence for hydramethylnon resistance in any insect; (2) extremely high levels of indoxacarb resistance in a field population; (3) reduced secondary mortality in an insecticide‐resistant field‐collected strain ofB. germanica. We suggest that, while secondary mortality is considered to be advantageous in cockroach interventions, the ingestion of sublethal doses ofAIby nymphs may select for high insecticide resistance by increasing the frequency ofAIresistance alleles within the population. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Development of a next‐generation field‐free atmospheric pressure photoionization source for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
Authors: McCulloch Ross D. , Robb Damon , Blades Michael 
Published: December 2015

RationaleAtmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) is considered a candidate ionization method suitable for a broad range of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) applications. Questions remain, however, regarding the ultimate potential of the technique. We propose that sensitivity and thus detection limits may be restricted by geometric source design, limiting widespread acceptance of the technique.MethodsThe relative performance of two geometrically distinct APPI source configurations was evaluated through comprehensive performance comparison upon a single MS platform. To facilitate a fair comparison, a prototype orthogonal geometry, field‐free APPI source was developed and tested against two currently commercially available open‐geometry APPI sources. The prototype device was engineered based upon the geometry and functionality of first‐generation, co‐axial field‐free APPI sources.ResultsInitial characterization experiments were performed by flow injection analysis using a range of analyte standards exhibiting a variety of chemical properties. A standard panel of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) identified as priority pollutants by the EPA was also analyzed, demonstrating relative performance using an LC/MS workflow. The prototype field‐free APPI source demonstrated the potential for order‐of‐magnitude performance enhancement over open‐geometry sources that lack a confined field‐free reaction region.ConclusionsAn APPI source configuration that includes an extended field‐free reaction region was demonstrated to have the potential to provide enhanced sensitivity relative to commercially available open‐geometry source designs. Improved performance will no doubt lead to increased acceptance and widespread application of the technique. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Student positions on the relationship between evolution and creation: What kinds of changes occur and for what reasons?
Authors: Yasri Pratchayapong , Mancy Rebecca 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStudent positions on the relationship between biological evolution and divine creation have been examined in a range of contexts, and although there is evidence that students can change their position on the relationship over a period of study, these changes have not been well characterized or fully quantified. To investigate student changes in position on the relationship between evolution and creation, we synthesized existing literature to develop a new research tool covering eight positions and including a question probing reasons for changes in position. Buddhist and Christian high school students undertaking a course on evolution at a Christian school in Thailand (N = 125, mean age 17.6) responded to a survey to elicit their positions before and after a course and reasons for any changes. Analysis revealed that a high proportion of students underwent a change in position, primarily towards increasing acceptance of evolution, a trend that was clearest among Christian students. Participants reported that these changes were influenced by changes in their understanding of the evidence for evolution and of ways of relating evolution and their religious beliefs, but not by changes in their religious beliefs. The study shows that the tool is effective for detecting changes in position and eliciting key reasons for these changes. Moreover, it points to the importance during evolution education of focusing on the evidence for evolution and the relationship between science and religion. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53:384–399, 2016
Engineering of radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles for dual‐modality imaging
Authors: Ai Fanrong , Ferreira Carolina A. , Chen Feng , Cai Weibo 
Published: December 2015

Over the last decade, radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles have been developed as promising contrast agents for dual‐modality positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) or single‐photon emission computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (SPECT/MRI). The combination of PET (or SPECT) with MRI can offer synergistic advantages for noninvasive, sensitive, high‐resolution, and quantitative imaging, which is suitable for early detection of various diseases such as cancer. Here, we summarize the recent advances on radiolabeled iron oxide nanoparticles for dual‐modality imaging, through the use of a variety of PET (and SPECT) isotopes by using both chelator‐based and chelator‐free radiolabeling techniques. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:619–630. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1386This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
Modeling microcirculatory blood flow: current state and future perspectives
Authors: Gompper Gerhard , Fedosov Dmitry A. 
Published: December 2015

Microvascular blood flow determines a number of important physiological processes of an organism in health and disease. Therefore, a detailed understanding of microvascular blood flow would significantly advance biophysical and biomedical research and its applications. Current developments in modeling of microcirculatory blood flow already allow to go beyond available experimental measurements and have a large potential to elucidate blood flow behavior in normal and diseased microvascular networks. There exist detailed models of blood flow on a single cell level as well as simplified models of the flow through microcirculatory networks, which are reviewed and discussed here. The combination of these models provides promising prospects for better understanding of blood flow behavior and transport properties locally as well as globally within large microvascular networks. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:157–168. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1326This article is categorized under:

Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Mechanistic Models
Evaluation of heterologous α‐amylase production in two expression platforms dedicated for Yarrowia lipolytica: commercial Po1g–pYLSC (php4d) and custom‐made A18–pYLTEF (pTEF)
Authors: Celińska Ewelina , Borkowska Monika , Białas Wojciech 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn view of the constantly increasing demand for cost‐effective, low‐energy and environmentally friendly industrial processes and household care products, enzyme production occupies an essential place in the field of biotechnology. Along with increasing demand for industrial and household care enzymes, the demand for heterologous expression platforms has also increased. Apart from the conventional hosts, e.g. Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris, routinely used in heterologous protein expression, the non‐conventional ones have become more and more exploited in this field. Among the available yeast host systems, Yarrowia lipolytica appears to be an attractive alternative. The aim of this study was to compare efficiency of two Yarrowia‐based expression platforms, commercial Po1g–pYLSC and custom‐made A18‐pYLTEF, in expression of an insect‐derived, raw‐starch‐digesting α‐amylase, to select the ‘champion’ system for further studies on this valuable enzyme. Both expression platforms were compared with respect to copy number of the integrated expression cassette/transformed genome, and the recombinant strains performance (Po1g–pYLSC‐derived 4.29 strain, and A18‐pYLTEF‐derived B9 strain) during batch bioreactor cultures. Our results demonstrate that the average number of integration events into the recipient's genome was comparable for both expression systems under investigation, but with varying distribution of the multicopy integrants; and the number of the recombinant gene copies was highly correlated with the acquired amylolytic activity of the strains. Due to severe susceptibility of the recombinant AMY1 polypeptide to native proteases of the custom‐made expression system, the final yield of the enzyme was substantially lower when compared to the commercial Po1g–pYLSC (reaching a maximum level of 142.84 AU/l). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of Mononuclear Copper(II) and Trinuclear Cobalt(II) Complexes Based on Asymmetric Salamo‐Type Ligands
Authors: Dong Wen‐Kui , Zhang Jin‐Tong , Dong Yin‐Juan , Zhang Yang , Wang Zheng‐Kun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMononuclear copper(II) and trinuclear cobalt(II) complexes, namely [Cu(L1)]2·CH2Cl2 and [{Co(L2)(EtOH)}2Co(H2O)]·EtOH {H2L1 = 4,6‐dichloro‐6′‐methyoxy‐2,2′‐[1,1′‐(ethylenedioxydinitrilo)dimethylidyne]diphenol and H3L2 = 6‐ethyoxy‐6′‐hydroxy‐2,2′‐[1,1′‐(ethylenedioxydinitrilo)dimethylidyne]diphenol}, were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. In the CuII complex, the CuII atom is four‐coordinate, with a N2O2 coordination sphere, and has a slightly distorted square‐planar arrangement. Interestingly, the obtained trinuclear CoII complex is different from the common reported 2:3 (L:CoII) salamo‐type CoII complexes. Infinite 2D layer supramolecular structures are formed via abundant intermolecular hydrogen bonding and π···π stacking interactions in the CuII and CoII complexes.
McCarthy's Americans
Authors: Heale M.J. 
Published: December 2015

Was the communist witch hunt unleashed by Senator Joe McCarthy an aberration, or has red scare politics been an intrinsic part of American political life since the 1930s? Was McCarthyism a populist or an elitist phenomenon? Was Senator McCarthy virtually irrelevant to the phenomenon?
This book shows that some of the contending interpretations of McCarthyism are mutually compatible and reveals the importance of pressures usually overlooked. Professor Heale’s deeply-probing study of Joe McCarthy’s ‘hinterland’ in the American states, demonstrates that what is usually called McCarthyism was part of a political cycle, that emerged in the 1930s and took two decades to run its course.
English Gothic Literature
Authors: Brewer Derek 
Published: December 2015

The centuries between 1100 and 1500 were the crucible in which English language and literature, after the blow of the Norman Conquest, were reformed with results that affected all later times. The national language and literary culture were reconstructed influences. The medieval centuries present a fascinating success story of recovery, inventiveness and major achievement in all aspects of national life.
In literature, lyric verse, narrative poetry, drama and discursive prose were all established in characteristic modes. In the present book many works are discussed, while such masterpieces as the works of Chaucer, Langland's Piers Plowman, the poems of the Gawain-poet and Malory's Morte Darthur are shown as the secular equivalent in words of the great medieval Gothic cathedrals. The forms of this varied body of literature had as characteristic a period style as contemporary Gothic art and architecture themselves. English literature may equally be described as Gothic, with assumptions and achievements which both lead to and contrast with later Neoclassical styles. Black and white photographic illustrations further the comparison and suggest some background.
English Gothic literature derives from many interrelated social context - court, town, monastery and countryside. It was recorded in manuscripts that blend the qualities of popular speech and folktale with some of the more impersonal regular qualities of printing, that last of fundamental medieval inventions. In this new concept of the history of medieval literature, Derek Brewer illuminates the major literary works with detailed exposition to make them available to the reader coming fresh to them. At the same time he places them in the context of developing literacy and individualism, secular realism, romantic love, personal religion, etc., setting forth a coherent framework of cultural history which will challenge the interest of those who already know the period.
Comparative morphology of the forewing base articulation in Sternorrhyncha compared with a representative of Fulgoromorpha (Insecta, Hemiptera)
Authors: Franielczyk Barbara , Wegierek Piotr 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe forewing articulation of single species from each of the four subgroups of Sternorrhyncha (Aleyrodomorpha, Aphidomorpha, Coccomorpha, Psyllomorpha) was examined by optical and scanning electron microscopy. The species were compared with a species of Cixiidae (Fulgoromorpha), as an outgroup of Sternorrhyncha. We present the results of a comparative analysis of the forewing articulation in these five groups, propose a standardized terminology and compare our findings with those previously reported. The wing base of all examined species is composed of the following structures: anterior and posterior notal wing process, first, second, and third axillary sclerites, tegula, and axillary cord. The number of elements included in the wing base and the surrounding area is the greatest in Cacopsyllamali, the most complicated species from Sternorrhyncha. Based on the shape of axillary sclerites and the number of elements forming the wing base environment, Orthezia urticae (Coccomorpha) and Cixius nervosus (Fulgoromorpha) are the most similar. Among Sternorrhyncha, the most similar axillaries are those of Aphis fabae and Orthezia urticae, which is congruent with existing classifications. In this paper we show that the four groups from Sternorrhyncha exhibit their own distinct wing base morphology.
Numerical Study of Non-Newtonian Maxwell Fluid in the Region of Oblique Stagnation Point Flow over a Stretching Sheet
Authors: Javed T. , Ghaffari A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this article, a numerical study is carried out for the steady two-dimensional flow of an incompressible Maxwell fluid in the region of oblique stagnation point over a stretching sheet. The governing equations are transformed to dimensionless boundary layer equations. After some manipulation a system of ordinary differential equations is obtained, which is solved by using parallel shooting method. A comparison with the previous studies is made to show the accuracy of our results. The effects of involving parameters are discussed in detail and the streamlines are drawn to predict the flow pattern of the fluid. It is observed that increasing velocities ratio parameter (ratio of straining to stretching velocity) helps to decrease the boundary layer thickness. Furthermore, the velocity of fluid increases by increasing the obliqueness parameter.
A FUNDAMENTAL DICHOTOMY FOR DEFINABLY COMPLETE EXPANSIONS OF ORDERED FIELDS
Authors: FORNASIERO ANTONGIULIO , HIERONYMI PHILIPP 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn expansion of a definably complete field either defines a discrete subring, or the image of every definable discrete set under every definable map is nowhere dense. As an application we show a definable version of Lebesgue’s differentiation theorem.
THE GENERIC DEGREES OF DENSITY-1 SETS, AND A CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HYPERARITHMETIC REALS
Authors: IGUSA GREGORY 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA generic computation of a subsetAof ℕ is a computation which correctly computes most of the bits ofA, but which potentially does not halt on all inputs. The motivation for this concept is derived from complexity theory, where it has been noticed that frequently, it is more important to know how difficult a type of problem is in the general case than how difficult it is in the worst case. When we study this concept from a recursion theoretic point of view, to create a transitive relationship, we are forced to consider oracles that sometimes fail to give answers when asked questions. Unfortunately, this makes working in the generic degrees quite difficult. Indeed, we show that generic reduction is$\Pi _1^1$―complete. To help avoid this difficulty, we work with the generic degrees of density-1 reals. We demonstrate how an understanding of these degrees leads to a greater understanding of the overall structure of the generic degrees, and we also use these density-1 sets to provide a new a characterization of the hyperartithmetical Turing degrees.
-MAXIMAL SETS
Authors: CHOLAK PETER A. , GERDES PETER , LANGE KAREN 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSoare [20] proved that the maximal sets form an orbit in${\cal E}$. We consider here${\cal D}$-maximal sets, generalizations of maximal sets introduced by Herrmann and Kummer [12]. Some orbits of${\cal D}$-maximal sets are well understood, e.g., hemimaximal sets [8], but many are not. The goal of this paper is to define new invariants on computably enumerable sets and to use them to give a complete nontrivial classification of the${\cal D}$-maximal sets. Although these invariants help us to better understand the${\cal D}$-maximal sets, we use them to show that several classes of${\cal D}$-maximal sets break into infinitely many orbits.
SEPARABLY CLOSED FIELDS AND CONTRACTIVE ORE MODULES
Authors: BÉLAIR LUC , POINT FRANÇOISE 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe consider valued fields with a distinguished contractive map as valued modules over the Ore ring of difference operators. We prove quantifier elimination for separably closed valued fields with the Frobenius map, in the pure module language augmented with functions yielding components for a p-basis and a chain of subgroups indexed by the valuation group.
LOCAL CLUB CONDENSATION AND L-LIKENESS
Authors: HOLY PETER , WELCH PHILIP , WU LIUZHEN 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe present a forcing to obtain a localized version of Local Club Condensation, a generalized Condensation principle introduced by Sy Friedman and the first author in [3] and [5]. This forcing will have properties nicer than the forcings to obtain this localized version that could be derived from the forcings presented in either [3] or [5]. We also strongly simplify the related proofs provided in [3] and [5]. Moreover our forcing will be capable of introducing this localized principle at κ while simultaneously performing collapses to make κ become the successor of any given smaller regular cardinal. This will be particularly useful when κ has large cardinal properties in the ground model. We will apply this to measure how much L-likeness is implied by Local Club Condensation and related principles. We show that Local Club Condensation at κ+ is consistent with ¬☐κ whenever κ is regular and uncountable, generalizing and improving a result of the third author in [14], and that if κ ≥ ω2 is regular, CC(κ+) - Chang’s Conjecture at κ+ - is consistent with Local Club Condensation at κ+, both under suitable large cardinal consistency assumptions.
Management and Organization Review Special Issue ‘Celebrating and Advancing the Scholarship of Kwok Leung (1958–2015)’
Authors: Morris Michael , Chen Zhen Xiong (George) , Doucet Lorna , Gong Yaping 
Published: December 2015

This is a wide ranging call for papers addressing and extending Professor Kwok Leung's scholarship in cross-cultural research, psychology, and management (see below).Questions about the special issue may be directed to any of the guest editors. Papers for the special issue should be submitted electronically through MOR's ScholarOne Manuscripts site at http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/mor and identified as submission to the ‘Scholarship of Kwok Leung’ special issue. All submissions should follow the ‘MOR Author Guidelines’, available online at http://journals.cambridge.org/images/fileUpload/documents/MOR_ifc.pdf
Analysis of large new South African dataset using two host-specificity indices shows generalism in both adult and larval ticks of mammals
Authors: ESPINAZE MARCELA P. A. , HELLARD ELÉONORE , HORAK IVAN G. , CUMMING GRAEME S. 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYTicks and tick-borne pathogens can have considerable impacts on the health of livestock, wildlife and people. Knowledge of tick–host preferences is necessary for both tick and pathogen control. Ticks were historically considered as specialist parasites, but the range of sampled host species has been limited, infestation intensity has not been included in prior analyses, and phylogenetic distances between hosts have not been previously considered. We used a large dataset of 35 604 individual collections and two host-specificity indices to assess the specificity of 61 South African tick species, as well as distinctions between adult and juvenile ticks, for 95 mammalian hosts. When accounting for host phylogeny, most adult and juvenile ticks behaved as generalists, with juveniles being significantly more generalist than adults. When we included the intensity of tick infestation, ticks exhibited a wider diversity of specificity in all life stages. Our results show that ticks of mammals in South Africa tend to behave largely as generalists and that adult ticks are more host-specific. More generally, our analysis shows that the incorporation of life-stage differences, infestation intensity and phylogenetic distances between hosts, as well as the use of more than one specificity index, can all contribute to a deeper understanding of host–parasite interactions.