bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
White-box machine-learning models for accurate interfacial tension prediction in hydrogen–brine mixtures
Authors: Lv Qichao , Xue Jinglei , Li Xiaochen , Rezaei Farzaneh , Larestani Aydin , Norouzi-Apourvari Saeid , Abdollahi Hadi , Hemmati-Sarapardeh Abdolhossein 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The severity of climate change and global warming necessitates the need for a transition from traditional hydrocarbon-based energy sources to renewable energy sources. One intrinsic challenge with renewable energy sources is their intermittent nature, which can be addressed by transforming excess energy into hydrogen and storing it safely for future use. To securely store hydrogen underground, a comprehensive knowledge of the interactions between hydrogen and residing fluids is required. Interfacial tension is an important variable influenced by cushion gases such as CO2 and CH4. This research developed explicit correlations for approximating the interfacial tension of a hydrogen–brine mixture using two advanced machine-learning techniques: gene expression programming and the group method of data handling. The interfacial tension of a hydrogen–brine mixture was considered to be heavily influenced by temperature, pressure, water salinity, and the average critical temperature of the gas mixture. The results indicated a higher performance of the group method of data handling-based correlation, showing an average absolute relative error of 4.53%. Subsequently, Pearson, Spearman, and Kendall methods were used to assess the influence of individual input variables on the outputs of the correlations. Analysis showed that the temperature and the average critical temperature of the gas mixture had considerable inverse impacts on the estimated interfacial tension values. Finally, the reliability of the gathered databank and the scope of application for the proposed correlations were verified using the leverage approach by illustrating 97.6% of the gathered data within the valid range of the Williams plot.
Preparation of Chiral Stationary Phase Based on 1,1′-bi-2-Naphthol for Chiral Enantiomer Separation
Authors: Fan Kun , Dong Rui , Hou Wenqing , Yang Canyu , Sun Kongchun , Xu LvJing , Chang Bingquan , Wang Desheng , Zhang Congcong , Shen Baochun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Two enantiomeric novel chiral stationary phases (CSPs) R-3-Amide-BINOL CSP (CSP-1) and S-3-Amide-BINOL CSP (CSP-2) were prepared using (R/S)-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) derivatives as chiral selectors. The structure of CSPs was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscope and elemental analysis. Four chiral solutes were selected under normal phase HPLC conditions to evaluate the chiral separation ability of the two novel CSPs. The effects of mobile phase and acidic additives on enantiomeric separation were investigated. The combination of molecular docking simulation and experimental data has elucidated the crucial role of hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions formed between the analyte and CSP in chiral recognition, and different configurations of CSP can cause enantiomeric elution sequence reversal, indicating that the configuration of chiral selectors in CSP has a significant impact on chiral recognition ability.
Fault tolerance of hierarchical cubic networks based on cluster fault pattern
Authors: Lv Mengjie , Fan Weibei , Dong Hui , Wang Guijuan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Connectivity is a meaningful metric parameter and indicator for estimating network reliability and evaluating network fault tolerance. However, the traditional connectivity and current conditional connectivity do not take into account the association between a certain node and its neighboring nodes. In fact, adjacent nodes are easily influenced by each other so that the failing probability of adjacent nodes around a faulty node is high. Therefore, cluster and super cluster connectivities are proposed to more intuitively measure the fault tolerance of the network. In this paper, we mainly explore the cluster connectivity and super cluster connectivity of the hierarchical cubic network $HCN_{n}$. In detail, we show that $\kappa (HCN_{n}\mid K_{1, 0}(K_{1, 0}^{*}))=n+1$, $\kappa (HCN_{n}\mid K_{1, 1}(K_{1, 1}^{*}))=\kappa ^{\prime}(HCN_{n}\mid K_{1, 1}(K_{1, 1}^{*}))=n+1$, $\kappa (HCN_{n}\mid K_{1, m}(K_{1, m}^{*}))=\lceil n/2\rceil +1$ ($2\leq m\leq 4$), $\kappa ^{\prime}(HCN_{n}\mid K_{1, 0}(K_{1, 0}^{*}))=2n$, and $\kappa ^{\prime}(HCN_{n}\mid K_{1, m}(K_{1, m}^{*}))=n+1$ ($2\leq m\leq 3$) if $n$ is odd and $\kappa ^{\prime}(HCN_{n}\mid K_{1, m}(K_{1, m}^{*}))=n$ ($2\leq m\leq 3$) if $n$ is even, where $n\geq 4$.
Prevalence and accurate diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents across world regions: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Neven Adriana C H , Forslund Maria , Ranashinha Sanjeeva , Mousa Aya , Tay Chau Thien , Peña Alexia , Oberfield Sharon , Witchel Selma , Teede Helena , Boyle Jacqueline A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To examine the global prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among adolescents across world regions, comparing the 2003 Rotterdam consensus criteria with the current International Evidence-based PCOS Guideline criteria which omits polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM).

Design
Systematic review and meta-analysis, Prospero CRD42022372029.

Methods
OVID MEDLINE, All EBM, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched from 1990 to November 2023 for studies assessing the prevalence of PCOS in unselected adolescent populations.

Results
Overall, 15 708 articles were identified. After removal of duplicates, 11 868 titles and abstracts and 445 full texts were assessed. Of these, 24 articles reporting on 23 studies from five world regions were included. In meta-analysis of 20 studies (n = 14 010 adolescents), global prevalence was 9.8% (95% CI 7.2, 12.3) according to original Rotterdam criteria, and 6.3% (95% CI 3.9, 8.8) according to International Evidence-based Guideline criteria. Global PCOS prevalence based on self-report was 9.8% (95% CI 5.5, 14.1). Grouped by WHO region, prevalence ranged from 2.9% (95% CI 2.0, 3.9) in the Western Pacific region to 11.4% (95% CI 7.1, 15.7) in the South-East Asia region according to guideline criteria.

Conclusion
This paramount global meta-analysis on adolescent PCOS diagnosis directly informed the 2023 International PCOS Guideline. Guideline criteria generated a global PCOS prevalence of 6.3%, compared with 9.8% on Rotterdam criteria (including PCOM). Excluding PCOM, which overlaps with normal pubertal transition, is expected to deter over-diagnosis. To avoid under-diagnosis, the Guideline recommends identifying those with either irregular cycles or hyperandrogenism as being “at risk”; this group should undergo longitudinal serial evaluations until adulthood.
How does generative AI promote autonomy and inclusivity in language teaching?
Authors: Szabó Fruzsina , Szoke Joanna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly made advances across various fields, including ELT. In this article we embrace an egalitarian dialogue framework to explore and understand the role of AI in language education. This format provides a useful backdrop for navigating the dual responses—enthusiasm and scepticism—by which AI’s influence in education has often been characterized. We critically assess both the advantages and limitations of AI in ELT, highlighting and praising how AI-powered tools can assist educators in differentiating instruction, promoting learner autonomy, and creating personalized and inclusive learning environments, thus making education more accessible to students with diverse and individual needs. However, the article also addresses the challenges posed by the digital divide, particularly the inequities in access to (AI) technologies in low-socioeconomic-status regions. We also reflect upon how AI can become an obstacle in developing learner autonomy due to the risks associated with overdependence on such technologies and the lack of critical skills. The article concludes that although AI presents exciting opportunities for advancing and facilitating language learning, its integration must be approached with a rational mindset to ensure that it serves to bridge educational gaps rather than intensify them.
Too rare to dare? Leveraging household surveys to boost research on climate migration
Authors: Carletto Calogero , Letta Marco , Montalbano Pierluigi , Paolantonio Adriana , Zezza Alberto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nationally representative household surveys are a potential data source that could shed light on the climate–migration nexus. However, they are rarely designed specifically to measure or study migration and often lack the necessary features to identify connections with climate change. This paper offers a critical reflection on current challenges faced by multi-topic household surveys in responding to these needs while also highlighting the many opportunities embedded in their use. Using the Living Standards Measurement Study household survey programme of the World Bank as an example, this paper proposes a methodological agenda and practical guidance to address data gaps and advance research on climate migration.
Marker recycling in Lentinula edodes via 5-fluoroorotic acid counter-selection
Authors: Narutaki Takuma , Kamiya Ayane , Tsujimoto Yuma , Naruse Masataka , Nishida Shota , Kawauchi Moriyuki , Honda Yoichi , Kamitsuji Hisatoshi , Sato Toshitsugu , Sumita Takuya , Izumitsu Kosuke , Irie Toshikazu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) contains various beneficial compounds and possesses several notable properties. However, there are few reports on its molecular breeding due to delay in development of its gene-modifying technology. Therefore, here, strain UV30 (pyrG –) was bred from the UV-irradiated protoplasts of strain M2. Strain UV30 was uracil-auxotrophic, and the phenylalanine residue in the active centre of orotidine-5-phosphate decarboxylase encoded by pyrG in the strain was substituted with a serine residue. Next, a recycling marker consisting of the upstream sequence of ku80, a repeat sequence (a portion of the downstream sequence of ku80), pyrG, and the downstream sequence of ku80 was introduced into the strain UV30. Consequently, the prototrophic strain ckp2-1, in which ku80 was replaced with the recycling marker, was obtained. After cultivation in complete medium, mycelia from the edges of ckp2-1 colonies were inoculated into a complete medium containing 5-Fluoroorotic acid (5-FOA). A 5-FOA-resistant strain KaM2, in which pyrG sequence was spliced from the recycling marker sequence via homologous recombination, was obtained. In this study, we developed the first marker recycling system for multigene targeting in L. edodes. Moreover, the resulting ∆ku80 strain may serve as a non-homologous end-joining deficient strain for further genetic manipulations.
US Diplomatic Visits and Allies’ Military Spending
Authors: Kim James D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article develops and tests two competing arguments regarding how a patron’s diplomatic visits influence the military spending of protégés. One argument posits that a patron’s visits will decrease allies’ defense spending by producing reassurance (reassurance hypothesis). Another perspective contends that such visits will increase allies’ burden sharing by fostering allied partnerships (partnership hypothesis). I test these hypotheses by analyzing US presidential visits to allies and the annual percentage changes in allies’ military spending from 1950 to 2007. I find evidence supporting the reassurance hypothesis, indicating that diplomatic visits by US presidents are associated with lower military expenditures by allies the following year. Furthermore, I find that the negative effect is primarily observed when visits are made in the first 3 years of a presidential term, while visits in the final year of a presidency do not result in significant changes in allied burden sharing. The findings highlight the role of a patron’s travel diplomacy in providing reassurance in military alliances, as well as its unintended consequence for protégés’ foreign policy: reduced alliance contribution.
Mass Mobilization, Elite Competition, and Diversionary Use of Sanctions
Authors: Liou Ryan Yu-Lin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
How does the domestic environment affect a government's incentives to use coercion against another country? Traditional diversionary literature indicates that governments facing internal pressures will initiate military actions overseas to improve popularity. I argue that struggling governments are more inclined to employ economic sanctions over military force because of lower cost and political risk. I further posit that when governments encounter nonviolent protests and strong competition in the legislature, they have more incentives to initiate sanctions. Foreign sanctions are used to project sanctioning leaders’ competence and increase national cohesion. I test the empirical implication of the argument on a sample of 137 countries from 1975 to 2005. The multinomial logit results show that diversionary use of sanctions is more likely when incumbents face maximalist nonviolent mobilization and higher legislative opposition, but these domestic challenges do not prompt military actions. This study presents a domestic explanation for sanctions initiation; it also casts doubt on the conventional predictions that beleaguered governments will resort to the use of force.
Violet LED light-activated MdHY5 positively regulates phenolic accumulation to inhibit fresh-cut apple fruit browning
Authors: Jin Juntong , Qi Liyong , Shen Shurong , Yang Shuran , Yuan Hui , Wang Aide 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fresh-cut fruit browning severely affects the appearance of fruit. Light treatment can effectively inhibit fresh-cut apple fruit browning, but the regulatory mechanism remains unknown. Here, we discovered that violet LED (Light-Emitting-Diode) light treatment significantly reduced fresh-cut apple fruit browning. Metabolomic analysis revealed that violet LED light treatment enhanced the phenolic accumulation of fresh-cut apple fruit. Transcriptomic analysis showed that the expression of phenolic degradation genes POLYPHENOL OXIDASE (MdPPO) and PEROXIDASE (MdPOD) was reduced, and the expression of phenolic synthesis gene PHENYLALANINE AMMONIA LYASE (MdPAL) was activated by violet LED light treatment. Moreover, two ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (MdHY5 and MdHYH) transcription factors involved in light signaling were identified. The expression of MdHY5 and MdHYH was activated by violet LED light treatment. Violet LED light treatment no longer inhibited fresh-cut apple fruit browning in MdHY5- or MdHYH- silenced fruit. Further experiments revealed that MdHY5 and MdHYH suppressed MdPPO and MdPOD expression and promoted MdPAL expression by binding to their promoters. In addition, MdHY5 and MdHYH bound to each other’s promoters and enhanced their expression. Overall, our findings revealed that violet LED light-activated MdHY5 and MdHYH formed a positive transcriptional loop to regulate the transcription of MdPPO, MdPOD, and MdPAL, which in turn inhibited the degradation of phenolics and promoted the synthesis of phenolics, thus inhibiting fresh-cut apple fruit browning. These results provide a theoretical basis for improving the appearance and quality of fresh-cut apple fruit.
Targeting NCAPD2 as a Therapeutic Strategy for Crohn’s Disease: Implications for Autophagy and Inflammation
Authors: Ge Hao , Wang Can , Zhao Haoran , Chen Hao , Gong Yuxia , Qiao Lichao , Zhang Yi , Liu Ping , Yang Bolin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Our earlier studies identified that non-SMC condensin I complex subunit D2 (NCAPD2) induces inflammation through the IKK/NF-κB pathway in ulcerative colitis. However, its role in the development of Crohn’s disease (CD) and the specific molecular mechanism still need to be further studied.

Methods
NCAPD2 expression in clinical ileal CD mucosa vs normal mucosa was examined, alongside its correlation with CD patients’ clinical characteristics via their medical records. The biological function and molecular mechanism of NCAPD2 in CD were explored using a 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced CD mouse model, along with immunofluorescence, western blot, quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and cell functional analysis.

Results
NCAPD2 was overexpressed in CD tissues and significantly correlated with disease activity in CD patients (P = .016). In a TNBS-induced CD mouse model, NCAPD2 knockdown inhibited the development of TNBS-induced intestinal inflammation in mice. In addition, we found that NCAPD2 inhibited autophagy. Mechanistically, NCAPD2 promoted the phosphorylation of mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) and its direct effector S6K and downregulated the expression of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1, LC3II, and Atg5. In addition, NCAPD2 activates the NF-κB signaling pathway, and the downstream inflammatory factors are continuously released, leading to the persistence of inflammation.

Conclusions
Our results show that NCAPD2 suppresses autophagy and worsens intestinal inflammation by modulating mTOR signaling and impacting the NF-κB pathway, suggesting a critical role in CD progression. Targeting NCAPD2 could be a promising therapeutic approach to stop CD advancement.
Challenges in the Management of Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis in a Patient With Guillain-Barré Syndrome Associated With Infliximab
Authors: Carvalho Tânia , Pinto Joana , Araújo José , Fernandes Dália , Gonçalves Raquel , Arroja Bruno 
Published: September 2024

Lay Summary
Despite being a rare adverse event, Guillain-Barré syndrome should be a differential diagnosis in patients taking tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors who develop neurological events. Ustekinumab seems to be a safe option after TNF-α inhibitors in these patients.
Thermophile-fermented feed modulates the gut microbiota related to lactate metabolism in pigs
Authors: Yoshikawa Shota , Itaya Kaede , Hoshina Ryo , Tashiro Yukihiro , Suda Wataru , Cho Yuichiro , Matsuura Makiko , Shindo Chie , Ito Toshiyuki , Hattori Masahira , Miyamoto Hirokuni , Kodama Hiroaki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Extracts of fermented feed obtained via fermentation of marine animal resources with thermophilic Bacillaceae bacteria increase the fecundity of livestock. The intestinal bacterial profiles in response to long-term administration of this extract to pigs were investigated.

Methods and results
Half of a swine farm was supplied with potable water containing an extract of fermented feed for more than 2 years, whereas the other half was supplied with potable water without the extract. Feces from 6-month-old pigs rearing in these two areas were collected. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and isolation of lactic acid bacteria revealed an increase in the D/L-lactate-producing bacterium, Lactobacillus amylovorus, and a decrease in several members of Clostridiales following administration of fermented feed. A lactate-utilizing bacterium, Megasphaera elsdenii, was more abundant in the feces of pigs in the fermented feed group. All representative isolates of M. elsdenii showed rapid utilization of D-lactate relative to L-lactate, and butyrate and valerate were the main products.

Conclusion
The probiotic effect of fermented feed is associated with the modulation of lactate metabolism in the digestive organs of pigs.
Seasonal host shifts based on midgut residues of Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)
Authors: Wu Hui , Cui Zhuangzhi , Huang Xiaoqing , Kong Fanfang , Wang Zhongyue , Cui Haizhen , Liu Yongqiang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
White-spotted flower chafer adult (Protaetia brevitarsis, Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), a serious omnivorous pest in regions with multiple fruits and crops, was studied to gain a deeper understanding of its damage patterns. DNA molecular tracking technology was used to identify host plant residues in adult P. brevitarsis midgut, and plant species with the most availability were determined during their growing season. Combining the 2019 and 2021 results, it was found that adults in the multi-cropped area fed on 32 plant species from 23 families, with grape (Vitis vinifera, 40%), peach (Prunus perisica, 23%) and mulberry (Morus alba, 14%) making up the majority of their diet. Some adults fed on multiple plant hosts, with four species detected in one adult and two to three species detected in one-third of adults. Adults shifted among host species during the season, moving from mulberry or grape to peach and then back to grape. These results provide a scientific basis for in-depth research to develop green integrated control technologies against P. brevitarsis adults.
Vector resistivity monitoring technology assembled on a TBM
Authors: Gao Zhaofeng , Jiang Zhihai , Li Maofei , Zhu Jiao , Yue Jianhua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The traditional geophysical advanced detection methods, which necessitate the placement of transmitting and receiving devices on the tunnel face and the sidewall, encounters significant limitations when confronted with the challenges of water and mud inrush disasters in tunnel boring machine (TBM) tunnels. Given the constraints of efficiency and limited construction space, a vector resistivity monitoring technology is proposed, which involves arranging the current electrodes on the surface and measuring electrodes on TBM. Based on finite element method with unstructured tetrahedral grids, a three-dimensional geophysical model including the tunnel is constructed and forward modelling of low resistivity anomalous bodies with different shapes and positions is carried out. The apparent resistivity in different directions is calculated, and the distance between the anomalous body and TBM is inferred according to the low value anomaly of the vector resistivity curve of both sides. The spatial position of the anomalous body is inferred according to the shape and relative relationship of the vector resistivity curves near the low value anomaly. Finally, the position of the sphere low resistivity anomalous body is predicted through the gated recurrent unit. These results preliminarily verify the feasibility of the vector resistivity monitoring technique assembled on a TBM.