bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shivering Treatments for Targeted Temperature Management: A Review
Authors: Jain Akash , Gray Maria , Slisz Stephanie , Haymore Joseph , Badjatia Neeraj , Kulstad Erik 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Background: Shivering is common during targeted temperature management, and control of shivering can be challenging if clinicians are not familiar with the available options and recommended approaches. Purpose: The purpose of this review was to summarize the most relevant literature regarding various treatments available for control of shivering and suggest a recommended approach based on latest data. Methods: The electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar were used to identify studies for the literature review using the following keywords alone or in combination: “shivering treatment,” “therapeutic hypothermia,” “core temperature modulation devices,” and “targeted temperature management.” Results: Nonpharmacologic methods were found to have a very low adverse effect profile and ease of use but some limitations in complete control of shivering. Pharmacologic methods can effectively control shivering, but some have adverse effects, such that risks and benefits to the patient have to be balanced. Conclusion: An approach is provided which suggests that treatment for shivering control in targeted temperature management should be initiated before the onset of therapeutic hypothermia or prior to any attempt at lowering patient core temperature, with medications including acetaminophen, buspirone, and magnesium sulfate, ideally with the addition of skin counterwarming. After that, shivering intervention should be determined with the help of a shivering scale, and stepwise escalation can be implemented that balances shivering treatment with sedation, aiming to provide the most shivering reduction with the least sedating medications and reserving paralytics for the last line of treatment.
Effects of Maintenance on Quality of Performance of Cryotherapy Devices for Treatment of Precancerous Cervical Lesions
Authors: Maza Mauricio , Figueroa Ruben , Laskow Bari , Juárez Alexa , Alfaro Karla , Alonzo Todd A. , Felix Juan C. , Gage Julia C. , Cremer Miriam 
Published: December 2017

Objective
The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of maintenance on performance of cryosurgical equipment used in El Salvador primary health clinics.

Materials and Methods
Nine gynecological cryotherapy devices used in El Salvador were bench tested against a new machine of the same make and model. The devices were run for five successive double-freeze cycles. The El Salvador machines then received maintenance by a specialized engineer and another double-freeze cycle was performed. Temperature at the device probe tip was recorded throughout each cycle and ballistic gelatin was used as the tissue analogue to measure freeze ball dimensions achieved by the devices. Outcome measures were mean lowest-sustained temperatures and freeze ball mean weight, depth, and diameter. Paired and unpaired t tests were used to compare results premaintenance versus postmaintenance and postmaintenance versus the reference, respectively.

Results
Premaintenance versus postmaintenance freeze ball dimensions were significantly different (mean differences in weight = 2.31 g, p = .01; depth = 2.29 mm, p = .03; diameter = 3.51 mm, p = .02). However, postmaintenance dimensions were not significantly different than those of the reference (weight = 7.44 g vs. 8.39 g, p = .07; depth = 10.71 vs. 11.24 mm, p = .1; diameter = 31.38 mm vs. 32.05 mm, p = .3). Postmaintenance, minimum, and lowest-sustained temperatures were within the recommended clinical range.

Conclusions
Specialized maintenance was necessary for heavily used cryotherapy devices to perform adequately, highlighting the challenges of gas-based cryotherapy in low- and middle-income countries.
A Rare Case of Fatal Bowel Obstruction Secondary to a Colonic Bezoar
Authors: Caputo Fiorella , Barranco Rosario , Bonsignore Alessandro , Fraternali Orcioni Giulio , Ventura Francesco 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A bezoar is a mass of undigested, or partially digested, material forming in the lumen of the gastroenteric tract, causing occlusive or subocclusive events. The most frequent types of bezoars are those composed of vegetable fibers, also called phytobezoars, which, by virtue of their high content in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, remain undigested in the stomach and intestines and, from there, can migrate and occlude the narrowest portions of the bowel. The areas that are most frequently affected by occlusive phenomena related to the presence of bezoars are the stomach and the small intestine, although colic localizations are extremely rare. In this article, we have studied the case of a fatal colic obstruction caused by a phytobezoar in an 84-year-old woman who was found dead at her home. The autopsy revealed that the cause of the obstruction was a large artichoke fragment occluding the central part of the descending colon. Additional histological examinations confirmed that the death was attributable to bowel obstruction resulting in acute peritonitis.
A Fire Extinguisher Death
Authors: Blumenthal Ryan , Hänert-van der Zee Brigitte 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present the case of an adult white man found dead in a psychiatric institution with fine white powder (monoammonium phosphate) deposited over the entire face after he insufflated the contents of a dry chemical fire extinguisher. Fine white powder was present within the mouth and sinuses and lined the upper airways. On opening the thoracic cavity, approximately 500 g of fine white powder was present within the right thoracic cavity. The esophagus was ruptured. Traumatic emphysema of the posterior sternum wall was present (pneumomediastinum). The ethmoid bones were fractured by the barotrauma. On polarization of the lung tissue, birefringent material was noted deposited along the bronchovascular sheaths and in a subpleural distribution. Death was probably due to a combination of barotrauma and asphyxia.
This case study provides strong evidence in support of the etiology and pathophysiology of the Macklin effect. It also provides for the first visual evidence of the phenomenon.
Treatment Effect of Balloon Pulmonary Angioplasty in Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Quantified by Automatic Comparative Imaging in Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography
Authors: Zhai Zhiwei , Ota Hideki , Staring Marius , Stolk Jan , Sugimura Koichiro , Takase Kei , Stoel Berend C. 
Published: December 2017

Objectives
Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) in patients with inoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) can have variable outcomes. To gain more insight into this variation, we designed a method for visualizing and quantifying changes in pulmonary perfusion by automatically comparing computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography before and after BPA treatment. We validated these quantifications of perfusion changes against hemodynamic changes measured with right-sided heart catheterization.

Materials and Methods
We studied 14 consecutive CTEPH patients (12 women; age, 70.5 ± 24), who underwent CT pulmonary angiography and right-sided heart catheterization, before and after BPA. Posttreatment images were registered to pretreatment CT scans (using the Elastix toolbox) to obtain corresponding locations. Pulmonary vascular trees and their centerlines were detected using a graph cuts method and a distance transform method, respectively. Areas distal from vessels were defined as pulmonary parenchyma. Subsequently, the density changes within the vascular centerlines and parenchymal areas were calculated and corrected for inspiration level differences. For visualization, the densitometric changes were displayed in color-coded overlays. For quantification, the median and interquartile range of the density changes in the vascular and parenchymal areas (ΔVD and ΔPD) were calculated. The recorded changes in hemodynamic parameters, including changes in systolic, diastolic, and mean pulmonary artery pressure (ΔsPAP, ΔdPAP, and ΔmPAP, respectively) and vascular resistance (ΔPVR), were used as reference assessments of the treatment effect. Spearman correlation coefficients were employed to investigate the correlations between changes in perfusion and hemodynamic changes.

Results
Comparative imaging maps showed distinct patterns in perfusion changes among patients. Within pulmonary vessels, the interquartile range of ΔVD correlated significantly with ΔsPAP (R = −0.58, P = 0.03), ΔdPAP (R = −0.71, P = 0.005), ΔmPAP (R = −0.71, P = 0.005), and ΔPVR (R = −0.77, P = 0.001). In the parenchyma, the median of ΔPD had significant correlations with ΔdPAP (R = −0.58, P = 0.030) and ΔmPAP (R = −0.59, P = 0.025).

Conclusions
Comparative imaging analysis in CTEPH patients offers insight into differences in BPA treatment effect. Quantification of perfusion changes provides noninvasive measures that reflect hemodynamic changes.
Progesterone concentrations and dosage with frozen embryo transfers – What's best?
Authors: Basnayake Surabhi Kumble , Volovsky Michelle , Rombauts Luk , Osianlis Tiki , Vollenhoven Beverley , Healey Martin 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThere is a lack of consensus on the optimal dose and form of progesterone supplementation during frozen‐thawed embryo transfer with hormone replacement therapy.AimsWe aim to identify the serum progesterone concentration on day 16 most likely to result in positive pregnancy outcomes.Materials and methodsWe undertook a retrospective study of 4582 women who underwent frozen embryo transfer with hormone replacement therapy, or natural frozen embryo transfer, over 14 years at a multi‐site private in vitro fertilisation clinic. Embryos were 3–5 days of age at time of transfer. We extracted data on serum progesterone concentrations and outcomes, as well as dose and form of progesterone supplementation, from patient and pharmacy records.ResultsIncreased live birth rates for frozen embryo transfer with hormone replacement therapy were seen with day 16 serum progesterone concentrations >50 nmol/L (26.4% vs 11.3% for <50 nmol/L; adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.14 (95% CI 2.21–4.48)). Similarly, a decreased pregnancy loss rate was seen in this group (14.3% vs 32.6% for ≤50 nmol/L; adjusted OR 0.26 (95% CI 0.12–0.58)). There was a positive correlation between live births and the number of progesterone doses per day (r = 0.119, P = 0.026) and day 16 progesterone concentrations (r = 0.128, P = 0.011).ConclusionImproved pregnancy outcomes are seen with day 16 serum progesterone concentrations >50 nmol/L. There is a statistically significant correlation between live births, number of progesterone doses per day and day 16 serum progesterone concentrations in this study.
Systematics and evolution of ground spiders revisited (Araneae, Dionycha, Gnaphosidae)
Authors: Azevedo Guilherme H. F. , Griswold Charles E. , Santos Adalberto J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGnaphosidae Pocock are a very diverse spider family with remarkable spinning organ morphology. Although the family has received intense taxonomic attention in recent years, its intergeneric relationships remain obscure. A phylogenetic analysis of Gnaphosidae genera was performed to untangle the evolutionary history of the family. A matrix of 324 morphological characters, scored for 71 gnaphosid genera and 29 outgroup taxa, was analysed through parsimony and Bayesian phylogenetic inference. Gnaphosidae are not recovered as a monophyletic group, neither were most of the previously proposed intrafamiliar groupings. In accordance with the phylogenetic results obtained, Vectius Simon and Hemicloea Thorell are transferred to Trochanteriidae, and Xenoplectus Schiapelli & Gerschman de Pikelin to Liocranidae. Micaria Westring, Nauhea Forster and Verita Ramírez & Grismado (and some related genera) are probably not gnaphosids, although their phylogenetic placement is uncertain. Gnaphosidae s.s. are defined as spiders with enlarged piriform gland spigots, longer and wider than the major ampullate gland spigots. Within Gnaphosidae s.s., well‐supported clades allow the redefinition, on the basis of quantitative phylogenetic evidence, of Gnaphosinae Pocock, Zelotinae Platnick, Herpyllinae Platnick, Drassodinae Simon, Prodidominae Simon rank res. and the newly proposed Leptodrassinae subfam. nov. Many genera are not assigned to subfamily given their poorly supported and unstable relationships. The homology and evolution of structures such as the claw tuft clasper, the spinning organs and the modification of cheliceral promargin are discussed.
The postmortem μ‐calpain activity, protein degradation and tenderness of sheep meat from Duolang and Hu breeds
Authors: Yan Xianglin , Liu Rui , Zhang Chaoyang , Ren Xiaopu , Zhang Wangang , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis study aimed to investigate the differences in meat tenderisation between two Chinese native sheep breeds, Duolang and Hu. The tenderness of longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle, μ‐calpain autolysis and proteolysis of myofibrillar protein was measured at 1‐ and 7‐days postmortem storage at 4 °C. At 7‐days postmortem ageing, meat from Duolang sheep was more tender compared to that from Hu sheep. The Warner–Bratzler shear force of Duolang and Hu sheep was reduced by 55.20% and 41.51% at 7 days compared with 1 day, respectively. In Duolang LT, a higher proportion of 80‐kDa μ‐calpain was autolyzed than in the Hu samples at 1‐day postmortem ageing, but they did not differ significantly at 7 days. More titin, desmin and troponin‐T were degraded in Duolang sheep compared to Hu sheep. Additionally, pH values at the different ageing time were not significantly different, indicating that pH may be not a determinant factor contributing to the tenderness difference between the two breeds. Our data suggest the earlier activation of μ‐calpain and a larger extent of proteolysis of key structural proteins may contribute to the higher rate of tenderisation of Duolang compared to Hu sheep during postmortem ageing.
Fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of oils recovered from acid silage and bacterial fermentation of fish (Sea bass – Dicentrarchus labrax) by‐products
Authors: Özyurt Gülsün , Özkütük Ali Serhat , Uçar Yılmaz , Durmuş Mustafa , Özoğul Yeşim 
Published: December 2017

SummaryLipid quality and fatty acid compositions of fish oils recovered from fish (Sea bass – Dicentrarchus labrax) waste silages produced with formic acid (FA) and five different LAB strains (Lactobacillus plantarum (LP), Pediococcus acidilactici (PA), Enterococcus gallinarum (EG), Lactobacillus brevis (LB) and Streptococcus spp. (ST)) were assessed to ensure for the usage for human consumption. Generally, it was observed that there were no significant differences between PUFA contents (23.27–23.64%). Peroxide (PV) (2.12 meq active O2/per kg of oil) and TBA values (1.07 mg malonaldehyde (MA) g−1 oil) of fish oils from acid silage were significantly higher than those of the fermented ones (1.14–1.91 meq active O2 kg−1, 0.67–0.81 mgMA g−1 oil, respectively). Anisidine values (AV) were determined in range of 8.04–11.14 for fermented silages and 13.08 from acid silage. The highest totox value (17.33 ± 0.88) was also detected in acid silage oil whereas fermented groups gave totox value in the range of 10.40–13.88. It can be concluded that the initial lipid quality of fermented fish waste silages was better than the initial lipid quality of acid fish waste silage. Therefore, fish oils recovered from fermented silages can be used as food additives or supplements for animal and human diets.
Reductionin Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7 in vitro and on tomato by sophorolipid and sanitiser as affected by temperature and storage time
Authors: Olanya Ocen M. , Ukuku Dike O. , Solaiman Daniel K.Y. , Ashby Richard D. , Niemira Brendan A. , Mukhopadhyay Sudarsan 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIncreased consumption of produce by consumers has been attributed to perceived health benefits of postharvest produce. Pathogen control is crucial because periodic occurrences and contamination of tomato and leafy greens have exacerbated food safety risks for consumers. We investigated the effects of temperatures (5 and 25 °C), storage time (30 min and 24 h) for inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7 by sophorolipid (SL‐p) produced fermentatively using palmitic acid as a co‐substrate at different concentrations in vitro. Reduction in pathogenic bacteria on grape tomato by SL‐p, sanitiser (Lovit) and combinations of SL‐p and sanitiser was determined. Temperature and storage time significantly (P < 0.05) affected pathogen inactivations by SL‐p as pathogen reductions were greater at 25 °C and 24 h than at 5 °C and 30 min of storage. L. monocytogenes was the most sensitive to SL‐p treatment as reductions of 5 log relative to untreated controls were attained at 0.12% of SL‐p. Significant reductions in S. enterica (1.91–3.85 logs) and E. coli O157:H7 (0.87–4.09 logs) were recorded at 2–5% of SL‐p. Lower populations of Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 were inactivated than L. monocytogenes. On grape tomato, pathogen populations inactivated increased at higher SL‐p levels at 25 °C. Sanitiser and sanitiser + SL‐p reduced bacterial populations on tomato by 5.29–5.76 logs and 0.71–3.3.66 logs, respectively. These results imply the interactions of temperature, storage time and SL‐p significantly (P < 0.05) affected pathogen strain reductions. The combination of SL‐p with sanitiser led to synergistic effect on E. coli O157:H7, but not L. monocytogenes and S. enterica.
Orientation‐dependent mechanical and thermal properties of plasma‐sprayed ceramics
Authors: Smith Gregory M. , Resnick Michael , Kjellman Björn , Wigren Jan , Dwivedi Gopal , Sampath Sanjay 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDue to droplet‐based assembly, microstructure anisotropy is expected in atmospheric plasma‐sprayed coatings (APS), with lamellar separations and interfaces having critical effects on properties. Quantitative determination of these anisotropic properties is difficult due to geometric test constraints. This has been overcome in the literature through a variety of indirect, local, or modeled evaluation, however direct measurement on like‐dimensioned coatings is not available. In this work, 25‐mm thick ceramic coating variants, deposited at two different feed rates, were obtained from industry and macroscopic mechanical and thermal properties were evaluated in both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane orientations using identical specimen geometries. As expected, and confirming select past work, coating anisotropy has a direct influence on measured properties. The response of each property is microstructure‐dependent, highlighting the specific interaction: for instance, the fracture toughness is 120% higher in the through‐thickness orientation versus in‐plane after thermal aging, while the thermal conductivity was 24% lower in the through‐thickness. The former benefits from the lamellar interfaces that provide obstacles to crack propagation while the latter sees these interfaces as efficient phonon scatters. The results provide insights for design through robust property measurements and into operational mechanisms in this class of highly defected ceramics.
Robustness of the approximate likelihood of the protracted speciation model
Authors: Simonet C. , Scherrer R. , Rego‐Costa A. , Etienne R. S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe protracted speciation model presents a realistic and parsimonious explanation for the observed slowdown in lineage accumulation through time, by accounting for the fact that speciation takes time. A method to compute the likelihood for this model given a phylogeny is available and allows estimation of its parameters (rate of initiation of speciation, rate of completion of speciation and extinction rate) and statistical comparison of this model to other proposed models of diversification. However, this likelihood computation method makes an approximation of the protracted speciation model to be mathematically tractable: it sometimes counts fewer species than one would do from a biological perspective. This approximation may have large consequences for likelihood‐based inferences: it may render any conclusions based on this method completely irrelevant. Here, we study to what extent this approximation affects parameter estimations. We simulated phylogenies from which we reconstructed the tree of extant species according to the original, biologically meaningful protracted speciation model and according to the approximation. We then compared the resulting parameter estimates. We found that the differences were larger for high values of extinction rates and small values of speciation‐completion rates. Indeed, a long speciation‐completion time and a high extinction rate promote the appearance of cases to which the approximation applies. However, surprisingly, the deviation introduced is largely negligible over the parameter space explored, suggesting that this approximate likelihood can be applied reliably in practice to estimate biologically relevant parameters under the original protracted speciation model.
SHORT‐TERM RETURN PREDICTABILITY AND REPETITIVE INSTITUTIONAL NET ORDER ACTIVITY
Authors: Murphy Dermot P. , Thirumalai Ramabhadran S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHalf‐hour returns predict same‐half‐hour returns on subsequent days. We hypothesize that this is due to institutional traders who execute their parent orders over multiple days (“repetitive institutional traders”). Using a unique data set that provides masked trader identification and trader type, we find that the half‐hour net order submission activity of repetitive institutional traders is predictive of same‐half‐hour returns on subsequent days, and that this relation subsumes the return predictability at shorter intervals. Repetitive institutional traders incur lower transaction costs than their nonrepetitive counterparts, suggesting that other traders compete to provide liquidity to the anticipated order flow originating from the repetitive traders.
A finite element analysis of the optimal bending angles in a running loop for mesial translation of a mandibular molar using indirect skeletal anchorage
Authors: Kim M.‐J. , Park J. H. , Kojima Y. , Tai K. , Chae J.‐M. 
Published: December 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the optimal bending angles in the running loop for mesial translation of a mandibular second molar using indirect skeletal anchorage and to clarify the mechanics of tipping and rotating the molar.MethodsA three‐dimensional finite element model was developed for predicting tooth movement, and a mechanical model based on the beam theory was constructed for clarifying the force systems.ResultsWhen using a running loop without bends, the molar tipped mesially 14.4° and lingually 0.6°, rotated counterclockwise 4.1°, and the incisors retracted 0.02 mm and intruded 0.05 mm. These angles were about the same as those estimated by the beam theory. When the amount of tip back and toe‐in angles was 11.0°, mesial translation of the molar was achieved, and incisors retracted 0.10 mm and intruded 0.30 mm.ConclusionsMesial translation of a mandibular second molar without any significant movement of anterior teeth was achieved during protraction by controlling the tip back and toe‐in angles and enhancing anterior anchorage with the combined use of a running loop and indirect skeletal anchorage.