bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissecting miRNA gene repression on single cell level with an advanced fluorescent reporter system
Authors: Lemus-Diaz Nicolas , Böker Kai O. , Rodriguez-Polo Ignacio , Mitter Michael , Preis Jasmin , Arlt Maximilian , Gruber Jens 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDespite major advances on miRNA profiling and target predictions, functional readouts for endogenous miRNAs are limited and frequently lead to contradicting conclusions. Numerous approaches including functional high-throughput and miRISC complex evaluations suggest that the functional miRNAome differs from the predictions based on quantitative sRNA profiling. To resolve the apparent contradiction of expression versus function, we generated and applied a fluorescence reporter gene assay enabling single cell analysis. This approach integrates and adapts a mathematical model for miRNA-driven gene repression. This model predicts three distinct miRNA-groups with unique repression activities (low, mid and high) governed not just by expression levels but also by miRNA/target-binding capability. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of the system by applying controlled concentrations of synthetic siRNAs and in parallel, altering target-binding capability on corresponding reporter-constructs. Furthermore, we compared miRNA-profiles with the modeled predictions of 29 individual candidates. We demonstrate that expression levels only partially reflect the miRNA function, fitting to the model-projected groups of different activities. Furthermore, we demonstrate that subcellular localization of miRNAs impacts functionality. Our results imply that miRNA profiling alone cannot define their repression activity. The gene regulatory function is a dynamic and complex process beyond a minimalistic conception of “highly expressed equals high repression”.
Ultrathin nickel hydroxide nanosheet arrays grafted biomass-derived honeycomb-like porous carbon with improved electrochemical performance as a supercapacitive material
Authors: Nagaraju Goli , Cha Sung Min , Yu Jae Su 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThree-dimensional hierarchical honeycomb-like activated porous carbon pillared ultrathin Ni(OH)2 nanosheets (Ni(OH)2 NSs@HAPC) for use as supercapacitor materials were facilely synthesized. With an aid of pine cone flowers as a biomass source, HAPC conducting scaffolds were prepared by the alkali treatment and pyrolysis methods under an inert gas atmosphere. Subsequently, the Ni(OH)2 NSs were synthesized evenly on the surface of HAPC via a solvothermal method. The resulting HAPC and Ni(OH)2 NSs@HAPC composite materials offered free pathways for effective diffusion of electrolyte ions and fast transportation of electrons when employed as an electrode material. The Ni(OH)2 NSs@HAPC composite electrode exhibited excellent electrochemical properties including a relatively high specific capacitance (Csp) value of ~ 916.4 F/g at 1 A/g with good cycling stability compared to the pristine HAPC and Ni(OH)2 NSs electrodes. Such bio-friendly derived carbon-based materials with transition metal hydroxide/oxide composite materials could be a promising approach for high-performance energy storage devices because of their advantageous properties of cost effectiveness and easy availability.
A distinct bacterial dysbiosis associated skin inflammation in ovine footrot
Authors: Maboni Grazieli , Blanchard Adam , Frosth Sara , Stewart Ceri , Emes Richard , Tötemeyer Sabine 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOvine footrot is a highly prevalent bacterial disease caused byDichelobacter nodosusand characterised by the separation of the hoof horn from the underlying skin. The role of innate immune molecules and other bacterial communities in the development of footrot lesions remains unclear. This study shows a significant association between the high expression of IL1β and highD. nodosusload in footrot samples. Investigation of the microbial population identified distinct bacterial populations in the different disease stages and also depending on the level of inflammation.Treponema(34%),Mycoplasma(29%) andPorphyromonas(15%) were the most abundant genera associated with high levels of inflammation in footrot. In contrast,Acinetobacter(25%),Corynebacteria(17%) andFlavobacterium(17%) were the most abundant genera associated with high levels of inflammation in healthy feet. This demonstrates for the first time there is a distinct microbial community associated with footrot and high cytokine expression.
RRAM-based parallel computing architecture using k-nearest neighbor classification for pattern recognition
Authors: Jiang Yuning , Kang Jinfeng , Wang Xinan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractResistive switching memory (RRAM) is considered as one of the most promising devices for parallel computing solutions that may overcome the von Neumann bottleneck of today’s electronic systems. However, the existing RRAM-based parallel computing architectures suffer from practical problems such as device variations and extra computing circuits. In this work, we propose a novel parallel computing architecture for pattern recognition by implementing k-nearest neighbor classification on metal-oxide RRAM crossbar arrays. Metal-oxide RRAM with gradual RESET behaviors is chosen as both the storage and computing components. The proposed architecture is tested by the MNIST database. High speed (~100 ns per example) and high recognition accuracy (97.05%) are obtained. The influence of several non-ideal device properties is also discussed, and it turns out that the proposed architecture shows great tolerance to device variations. This work paves a new way to achieve RRAM-based parallel computing hardware systems with high performance.
Neurotoxicity Comparison of Two Types of Local Anaesthetics: Amide-Bupivacaine versus Ester-Procaine
Authors: Yu Xu-jiao , Zhao Wei , Li Yu-jie , Li Feng-xian , Liu Zhong-jie , Xu Hua-li , Lai Lu-ying , Xu Rui , Xu Shi-yuan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLocal anaesthetics (LAs) may lead to neurological complications, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Many neurotoxicity research studies have examined different LAs, but none have comprehensively explored the distinct mechanisms of neurotoxicity caused by amide- (bupivacaine) and ester- (procaine) type LAs. Here, based on a CCK8 assay, LDH assay, Rhod-2-AM and JC-1 staining, 2′,7′-dichlorohy-drofluorescein diacetate and dihydroethidium probes, an alkaline comet assay, and apoptosis assay, we show that both bupivacaine and procaine significantly induce mitochondrial calcium overload and a decline in the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as overproduction of ROS, DNA damage and apoptosis (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in mitochondrial injury and apoptosis between the bupivacaine and procaine subgroups (P > 0.05). However, to our surprise, the superoxide anionic level after treatment with bupivacaine, which leads to more severe DNA damage, was higher than the level after treatment with procaine, while procaine produced more peroxidation than bupivacaine. Some of these results were also affirmed in dorsal root ganglia neurons of C57 mice. The differences in the superoxidation and peroxidation induced by these agents suggest that different types of LAs may cause neurotoxicity via different pathways. We can target more accurate treatment based on their different mechanisms of neurotoxicity.
Morphometric analysis of sinus depth in the posterior maxilla and proposal of a novel classification
Authors: Wagner Florian , Dvorak Gabriella , Nemec Stefan , Pietschmann Peter , Traxler Hannes , Schicho Kurt , Seemann Rudolf 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyse the posterior maxillary sinus based on its extension into the alveolar process and to provide a simple clinical classification. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in CT scans of 200 dentate and 200 edentulous patients (100 women and 100 men, respectively). After manual placement of 12 reference points morphometric analysis was performed and sinus depth, residual alveolar ridge height (RH) and the sinus opening angle were calculated. Sinuses were classified according to the quartiles of sinus depth: class I (above the hard palate), class II (0–6 mm below the hard palate) and class III (>6 mm below the hard palate). Sinus depth was found to be a reliable anatomical landmark and did not vary significantly between gender (p = 0.8940) or dentition groups (p = 0.9723). Alveolar height varied significantly between sinus classes (p < 2 × 10−16) and dentition groups (p < 2 × 10−16) but not between genders (p = 0.5178). The sinus opening angle was significantly different between sinus classes (p < 2.2 × 10−16) but not between gender or dentition groups. We propose a novel classification built upon the quartiles of sinus depth, dividing the sinuses into three classes. Our classification is the first one that represents the anatomy of the patient independent of gender and dentition.
Maintenance of Social Anxiety in Stuttering: A Cognitive-Behavioral Model
Authors: Iverach Lisa , Rapee Ronald M. , Wong Quincy J. J. , Lowe Robyn 
Published: March 2017

PurposeStuttering is a speech disorder frequently accompanied by anxiety in social-evaluative situations. A growing body of research has confirmed a significant rate of social anxiety disorder among adults who stutter. Social anxiety disorder is a chronic and disabling anxiety disorder associated with substantial life impairment. Several influential models have described cognitive-behavioral factors that contribute to the maintenance of social anxiety in nonstuttering populations. The purpose of the present article is to apply these leading models to the experience of social anxiety for people who stutter.MethodComponents from existing models were applied to stuttering in order to determine cognitive-behavioral processes that occur before, during, and after social-evaluative situations, which may increase the likelihood of stuttering-related social fears persisting.ResultsMaintenance of social anxiety in stuttering may be influenced by a host of interrelated factors, including fear of negative evaluation, negative social-evaluative cognitions, attentional biases, self-focused attention, safety behaviors, and anticipatory and postevent processing.ConclusionGiven the chronic nature of social anxiety disorder, identifying factors that contribute to the persistence of stuttering-related social fears has the potential to inform clinical practice and the development of psychological treatment programs to address the speech and psychological needs of people who stutter with social anxiety.
Variation and change in Toronto heritage Cantonese
Authors: Tse Holman 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This paper presents the first sociophonetic study of Cantonese vowels using sociolinguistic interview data from the Heritage Language Variation and Change in Toronto Corpus. It focuses on four allophones [iː], [ɪk/ɪŋ], [uː], and [ʊk/ʊŋ] of two contrastive vowels /iː/ and /uː/ across two generations of speakers. The F1 and F2 of 30 vowel tokens were analyzed for these four allophones from each of 20 speakers (N = 600 vowel tokens). Results show inter-generational maintenance of allophonic conditioning for /iː/ and /uː/ as well as an interaction between generation and sex such that second-generation female speakers have the most retracted variants of [ɪk/ɪŋ] and the most fronted variants of [iː]. This paper will discuss three possible explanations based on internal motivation, phonetic assimilation, and phonological influence. This will illustrate the importance of multiple comparisons (including inter-generational, cross-linguistic, and cross-community) in the relatively new field of heritage language phonology research.
Supplementary comparison EURAMET.L-S25 (#1354) comparison of pocket type laser distance measuring instruments
Authors: Prieto Emilio , Pérez Mar , Ruíz Juan A , Matus Michael , Kotte Gerard 
Published: March 2017

Supplementary comparison of distance measurements using pocket-type laser instruments (EDMs), following the previous comparison EURAMET.L-S20.
Originally proposed by the CEM (ES) as a bilateral comparison with BEV (AT), after the open call made at the 2014 EURAMET TC-L meeting, VSL (NL) joined the comparison too.
Registered as supplementary comparison EURAMET.L-S25 with CEM acting as coordinator and pilot laboratory.
Transfer devices were two Leica DISTO EDMs, being the measurands the distances from the rear part of the EDMs to a target plate situated at 0.3 m and every 5 m until covering a range of 50 m.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCL, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
On the origin of critical temperature enhancement in atomically thin superconductors
Authors: Talantsev E F , Crump W P , Island J O , Xing Ying , Sun Yi , Wang Jian , Tallon J L 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Recent experiments showed that thinning gallium, iron selenide and 2H tantalum disulfide to single/several monoatomic layer(s) enhances their superconducting critical temperatures. Here, we characterize these superconductors by extracting the absolute values of the London penetration depth, the superconducting energy gap, and the relative jump in specific heat at the transition temperature from their self-field critical currents. Our central finding is that the enhancement in transition temperature for these materials arises from the opening of an additional superconducting gap, while retaining a largely unchanged ‘bulk’ superconducting gap. Literature data reveals that ultrathin niobium films similarly develop a second superconducting gap. Based on the available data, it seems that, for type-II superconductors, a new superconducting band appears when the film thickness becomes smaller than the out-of-plane coherence length. The same mechanism may also be the cause of enhanced interface superconductivity.
Measurement of Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity With a Connected Bathroom Scale
Authors: Campo David , Khettab Hakim , Yu Roger , Genain Nicolas , Edouard Paul , Buard Nadine , Boutouyrie Pierre 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDMeasurement of arterial stiffness should be more available. Our aim was to show that aortic pulse wave velocity can be reliably measured with a bathroom scale combining the principles of ballistocardiography (BCG) and impedance plethysmography on a single foot.METHODThe calibration of the bathroom scale was conducted on a group of 106 individuals. The aortic pulse wave velocity was measured with the SphygmoCor in the supine position. Three consecutive measurements were then performed on the Withings scale in the standing position. This aorta-leg pulse transit time (alPTT) was then converted into a velocity with the additional input of the height of the person. Agreement between the SphygmoCor and the bathroom scale so calibrated is assessed on a separate group of 86 individuals, following the same protocol.RESULTSThe bias is 0.25 m·s−1 and the SE 1.39 m·s−1. This agreement with Sphygmocor is “acceptable” according to the ARTERY classification. The alPTT correlated well with cfPTT with (Spearman) R = 0.73 in pooled population (cal 0.79, val 0.66). The aorta-leg pulse wave velocity correlated with carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity with R = 0.76 (cal 0.80, val 0.70).CONCLUSIONEstimation of the aortic pulse wave velocity is feasible with a bathroom scale. Further investigations are needed to improve the repeatability of measurements and to test their accuracy in different populations and conditions.
Regulation of mRNA stability by CCCH-type zinc-finger proteins in immune cells
Authors: Maeda Kazuhiko , Akira Shizuo 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Current studies using knockout mice have revealed that some Cys–Cys–Cys–His (CCCH)-type zinc-finger proteins, namely tristetraprolin (TTP), Roquin and Regnase-1, play important roles in the immune system. These proteins are closely associated with the fate of their target RNAs in normal immune responses. However, the functions of many RNA-binding proteins have not been characterized precisely. To understand the molecular mechanisms of RNA metabolism in the immune system, investigation of TTP/Roquin/Regnase-1 might provide new knowledge. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of these proteins in immune regulation and homeostasis and discuss RNA metabolism in the immune system.
Matched Comparison of Flow Diversion and Coiling in Small, Noncomplex Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Chalouhi Nohra , Daou Badih , Barros Guilherme , Starke Robert M. , Chitale Ameet , Ghobrial George , Dalyai Richard , Hasan David , Gonzalez L. Fernando , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula , Rosenwasser Robert H. , Jabbour Pascal 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Flow diversion is typically reserved for large, giant, or morphologically complex aneurysms. Coiling remains a first-line treatment for small, morphologically simple aneurysms.

OBJECTIVE: To compare coiling and flow diversion in small, uncomplicated intracranial aneurysms (typically amenable to coiling).

METHODS: Forty patients treated with the pipeline embolization device (PED) for small (<10 mm), morphologically simple aneurysms that would have also been amenable to coiling were identified. These patients were matched in a 1:1 fashion with 40 patients with comparable aneurysms treated with coiling. Matching was based on age, gender, aneurysm size, and aneurysm morphology.

RESULTS: The 2 groups were comparable with regard to baseline characteristics including age, gender, and aneurysm size. The complication rate did not differ between the 2 groups (2.5% with coiling vs 5% with PED; P = .6). Multivariate analysis did not identify any predictor of complications. Complete occlusion (100%) at follow-up was significantly higher in patients treated with PED (70%) than coiling (47.5%, P = .04). In multivariate analysis, treatment with PED predicted aneurysm obliteration (P = .04). A significantly higher proportion of coiled patients (32.5%) required retreatment compared with flow diversion (5%, P = .003). In multivariate analysis, coiling predicted retreatment (P = .006). All patients achieved a favorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale: 0-2) regardless of group.

CONCLUSION: This matched analysis suggests that flow diversion provides higher occlusion rates, lower retreatment rates, and no additional morbidity compared with coiling in small, simple aneurysms amenable to both techniques. These results suggest a potential benefit for flow diversion over coiling even in small, uncomplicated aneurysms.
Analysis of Recurrent Stenosis After Carotid Endarterectomy Featuring Primary Plaque Calcification
Authors: Katano Hiroyuki , Mase Mitsuhito , Nishikawa Yusuke , Yamada Hiroshi , Yamada Kazuo 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The relationship between calcification in primary plaque and restenosis after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) has been seldom investigated.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify the relationship between characteristics of calcified carotid plaque and recurrent stenosis after CEA, as well as the disease's natural course.

METHODS: Ninety-four plaques out of 107 consecutive CEAs were retrospectively analyzed with regard to calcification, employing calcium score as well as shape, location, and other characteristics of original plaques. CEA was performed in a standard fashion with primary closure using an internal shunt. Restenosis was assessed by direct measurement of stenosis mainly using multidetector row computed tomography (CT) angiography.

RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that calcium score and calcification circularity score were significantly lower in more than moderate restenosis (≥50%; 422.1 ± 551.6 vs 84.2 ± 92.0, P < .001; 1.8 ± 1.3 vs 1.1 ± 0.3, P < .001, respectively). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated a calcium score of 80, which was the optimal cutoff value for restenosis over 50% (sensitivity 0.70, specificity 0.68, pseudopositive ratio 0.32, area under curve 0.71, Youden's index 0.38). Low calcium score (OR 2.88, CI 1.06-7.79, P = .04) and low calcification circularity (OR 5.72, CI 1.42-23.1, P = .01) were independent predictors for more than moderate recurrent carotid stenosis 1 year postoperatively. Cases with decreasing tendency of restenosis showed higher calcium scores than those with increasing or unchanged tendency (217.2 ± 245.3 vs 164.5 ± 155.5, P < .001). Lower calcium score cases showed lower restenosis-free survival.

CONCLUSION: Carotid plaque calcification may be inversely associated with recurrent stenosis 1 year after CEA or later. Preoperative CT assessment for less calcification will benefit restenosis patients by early prediction and close follow-up.
Neurosurgical Education in a Changing Healthcare and Regulatory Environment: A Consensus Statement from 6 Programs
Authors: Kim Dong H. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Berger Mitchel S. , McDermott Michael , Barbaro Nicholas M. , Shapiro Scott A. , Solomon Robert A. , Harbaugh Robert , Day Arthur L. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The purpose of neurosurgical education is to teach the clinical knowledge and surgical skills necessary to become a neurosurgeon. Another goal is to inculcate the principles of the scientific method. However, increasing expectations about attending involvement during surgery, duty hour requirements, and new curricular mandates have put programs under stress to ensure adequate training, in less time, in an environment of limited resident independence. More recently, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has developed a new tracking process based on “milestones” or defined educational outcomes. At the same time, our healthcare system is undergoing a rapid socioeconomic transition in organization and payment models, which traditionally has not been a focus of formal teaching. A 2008 survey conducted by the Council of State Neurosurgical Societies found that graduating residents felt inadequately prepared in areas like contract negotiation, practice evaluation, and management.