bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amputation und Prothesenversorgung – die untere Extremität
Authors: Ramczykowski Tim , Schildhauer Thomas 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungAuch durch die Fortschritte der heutigen Medizin ist es nicht immer möglich, eine Amputation zu verhindern. Die wesentliche und schwierigste Aufgabe in der Amputationschirurgie ist es, die richtige Indikation zu stellen und für jeden Patienten individuell zu entscheiden. Die anschließende Prothesenversorgung bleibt eine Herausforderung, um den steigenden Ansprüchen des Betroffenen standzuhalten.
Amplification of local changes along the timescale processing hierarchy
Authors: Yeshurun Yaara , Nguyen Mai , Hasson Uri 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Changing a few words in a story can drastically alter the interpretation of the narrative. How does the brain amplify sparse changes in word selection to create a unique neural representation for each narrative? In our study, participants listened to one of two stories while being scanned using fMRI. The stories had an identical grammatical structure but varied in a small number of words, resulting in two distinct narratives. We found that differences in neural responses between the stories were amplified as story information was transferred from low-level regions (that are sensitive to the words’ acoustic features) to high-level regions (that accumulate and integrate information across sentences). Our results demonstrate how subtle differences can be accumulated and amplified along the cortical hierarchy.
Temperature increase reduces global yields of major crops in four independent estimates
Authors: Zhao Chuang , Liu Bing , Piao Shilong , Wang Xuhui , Lobell David B. , Huang Yao , Huang Mengtian , Yao Yitong , Bassu Simona , Ciais Philippe , Durand Jean-Louis , Elliott Joshua , Ewert Frank , Janssens Ivan A. , Li Tao , Lin Erda , Liu Qiang , Martre Pierre , Müller Christoph , Peng Shushi , Peñuelas Josep , Ruane Alex C. , Wallach Daniel , Wang Tao , Wu Donghai , Liu Zhuo , Zhu Yan , Zhu Zaichun , Asseng Senthold 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Agricultural production is vulnerable to climate change. Understanding climate change, especially the temperature impacts, is critical if policymakers, agriculturalists, and crop breeders are to ensure global food security. Our study, by compiling extensive published results from four analytical methods, shows that independent methods consistently estimated negative temperature impacts on yields of four major crops at the global scale, generally underpinned by similar impacts at country and site scales. Multimethod analyses improved the confidence in assessments of future climate impacts on global major crops, with important implications for developing crop- and region-specific adaptation strategies to ensure future food supply of an increasing world population.
In vivo loss-of-function screens identify KPNB1 as a new druggable oncogene in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Kodama Michiko , Kodama Takahiro , Newberg Justin Y. , Katayama Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Makoto , Hanash Samir M. , Yoshihara Kosuke , Wei Zhubo , Tien Jean C. , Rangel Roberto , Hashimoto Kae , Mabuchi Seiji , Sawada Kenjiro , Kimura Tadashi , Copeland Neal G. , Jenkins Nancy A. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The poor prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has not improved for several decades because of drug resistance to current anticancer drugs. Furthermore, few molecularly targeted agents are effective for EOC, likely because EOC has high tumor heterogeneity. Discovering new drug targets and mechanisms involved in the progression of EOC is therefore sorely needed. Our multiple CRISPR and RNAi-based in vivo loss-of-function screens have identified multiple new EOC candidate drug targets, including the druggable oncogene KPNB1, whose inhibition caused multiphased cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis. Ivermectin, a Food and Drug Administration-approved antiparasitic drug, exerts KPNB1-dependent antitumor effects and synergistically inhibits tumor growth in combination with paclitaxel, and therefore represents a new potential combinatorial therapy for EOC through drug repositioning.
Bilingual formal meeting as a context of translatoriality
Authors: Koskela Merja , Koskinen Kaisa , Pilke Nina 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Drawing on the concept of translatorial action by Justa Holz-Mänttäri, this article sets out to analyse the role of translation in a bilingual formal meeting without any professional translation or interpreting. The analysis reveals the central role of translatorial activities: 60% of the turns include some kind of translatoriality. The chair and expert speakers stand out as producers for most of the translations. Self-translation is the most prominent form of translation, but otherwise the translator role tends to vary dynamically with the role of the source text producer. Three types of translatorial action with varying degrees of replication of content were found: duplicating, summarizing, and expanding. In the meeting context, translatorial action is the primary means of enabling participation for all, regardless of language skills or language background, and this action was used by the participants in flexible and dynamic ways.
How metaphors are rendered in subtitles
Authors: Pedersen Jan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Metaphors have been thoroughly studied as translation problems in recent decades. However, they are still under-researched in the subfield of audiovisual translation. This is strange since this mode of translation, particularly subtitling, has very special conditions which complicate the translating of metaphors, such as the interplay between dialogue, image and subtitles, as well as severe time and space constraints. This paper investigates how metaphors in the British sitcom Yes, Prime Minister were subtitled into Swedish. The results show that subtitlers treat metaphors as an important language feature, less prone to omission than other features. Furthermore, monocultural metaphors, which are not shared between cultures, are subtitled using more strategies than transcultural ones. Metaphors are also subtitled differently depending on the degree of entrenchment. Typically for metaphor translation, there is a loss of metaphor force, but more research is needed to ascertain whether this is media-specific or a general translation effect of growing standardization.
Positive and relaxed selection associated with flight evolution and loss in insect transcriptomes
Authors: Mitterboeck T. Fatima , Liu Shanlin , Adamowicz Sarah J. , Fu Jinzhong , Zhang Rui , Song Wenhui , Meusemann Karen , Zhou Xin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The evolution of powered flight is a major innovation that has facilitated the success of insects. Previously, studies of birds, bats, and insects have detected molecular signatures of differing selection regimes in energy-related genes associated with flight evolution and/or loss. Here, using DNA sequences from more than 1000 nuclear and mitochondrial protein-coding genes obtained from insect transcriptomes, we conduct a broader exploration of which gene categories display positive and relaxed selection at the origin of flight as well as with multiple independent losses of flight. We detected a number of categories of nuclear genes more often under positive selection in the lineage leading to the winged insects (Pterygota), related to catabolic processes such as proteases, as well as splicing-related genes. Flight loss was associated with relaxed selection signatures in splicing genes, mirroring the results for flight evolution. Similar to previous studies of flight loss in various animal taxa, we observed consistently higher nonsynonymous-to-synonymous substitution ratios in mitochondrial genes of flightless lineages, indicative of relaxed selection in energy-related genes. While oxidative phosphorylation genes were not detected as being under selection with the origin of flight specifically, they were most often detected as being under positive selection in holometabolous (complete metamorphosis) insects as compared with other insect lineages. This study supports some convergence in gene-specific selection pressures associated with flight ability, and the exploratory analysis provided some new insights into gene categories potentially associated with the gain and loss of flight in insects.
Changing Paradigms in the Endovascular Management of Ruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Moon Karam , Park Min S. , Albuquerque Felipe C. , Levitt Michael R. , Mulholland Celene B. , McDougall Cameron G. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Approximately 17% of ruptured anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms were deemed unsuitable for coil embolization during the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (BRAT), most commonly due to unfavorable dome-to-neck ratio or small size.

OBJECTIVE
To compare patients treated by coil embolization for ruptured ACoA aneurysms during the trial to those treated after the trial to determine whether advances in endovascular techniques have allowed for effective treatment of these lesions.

METHODS
All cases of ruptured ACoA aneurysms treated by endovascular modalities during BRAT (2003-2007) and post-BRAT (2007-2012) were reviewed for patient and aneurysm characteristics, treatment types, and clinical and angiographic outcomes at 3-yr or last follow-up.

RESULTS
The BRAT ACoA cohort included 39 patients treated with coiling (excluding those crossed over to clipping). The post-BRAT cohort included 93 patients who were significantly older (mean age, 59.5 vs 52.8 yr, P = .005) than the BRAT cohort; there were no significant cohort differences in sex, Hunt and Hess grade, or mean aneurysm size. The use of balloon remodeling was significantly higher in the post-BRAT cohort (31.2% [29/93] vs 5.1% [2/39], P = .001), as was the proportion of wide-necked aneurysms treated (66.7% [62/93] vs 30.8% [12/39], P < .001). There was no significant difference in clinical outcome or retreatment rate between the 2 cohorts (P = .90 and P = .48, respectively).

CONCLUSION
ACoA lesions thought unamenable to endovascular therapy in an earlier randomized trial are now successfully coiled with increased use of adjunctive techniques, without sacrificing patient outcome or treatment durability.
Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Practices at Acute Care Hospitals Enrolled in the National Healthcare Safety Network, United States, 2011–2015
Authors: Vallabhaneni Snigdha , Sapiano Mathew , Weiner Lindsey M , Lockhart Shawn R , Magill Shelley 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We assessed availability of antifungal susceptibility testing (AFST) at nearly 4000 acute care hospitals enrolled in the National Healthcare Safety Network. In 2015, 95% offered any AFST, 28% offered AFST at their own laboratory or at an affiliated medical center, and 33% offered reflexive AFST. Availability of AFST improved from 2011 to 2015, but substantial gaps exist in the availability of AFST.
Identity of Distance: How Economically Marginalized Black and Latina Women Navigate Risk Discourse and Employ Feminist Ideals
Authors: Ray Ranita 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRacialized and classed “risk” narratives of sexuality in the United States construct economically marginalized young women of color as sexually precocious, potential teen mothers who are likely to end up as burdens on the state. Some scholars underline the utility of recognizing reproductive inequalities involved in constructing teen motherhood as an unequivocal social problem, and they stress the importance of exploring teen mothers’ agency in navigating dominant risk narratives. Fewer studies analyze how young women who are not pregnant or parenting produce, reproduce, and challenge dominant risk narratives about their sexuality. Drawing on three years of intensive fieldwork among 13 young economically marginalized black and Latina women, I demonstrate how feminist ideologies of empowerment interact with pervasive risk narratives in the everyday lives of marginalized women coming of age in the “shadow of the women’s movement.” My observations show that the young women strategically navigate circulating risk narratives about their sexuality by constructing an identity of distance characterized by feminist ideals of independence, self-respect, and self-development to distance themselves from these narratives. However, as they construct this identity of distance, they also stigmatize young mothers and police their own bodies and the bodies of their friends and sisters. I draw on women-of-color feminism to reflect on the uncomfortable relationship—evident in the process of a group of young women’s identity construction—between feminist ideologies of empowerment and bourgeois heteronormativity that marginalizes young women’s sexualities by constructing teen motherhood as inherently problematic.
Interprofessional QI Training Enhances Competency and QI Productivity Among Graduates: Findings From Nationwide Children’s Hospital
Authors: Bartman Thomas , Heiser Karen , Bethune Andrew , Crandall Wallace , McClead Richard , Davis J. Terrance , Brilli Richard J. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Significant resources are expended on quality improvement (QI) training courses. The authors sought to determine whether education provided in QI course training improves self-assessed QI content competence and QI-related productivity among course graduates.

Method
“Quality Improvement Essentials” is a four-month didactic and experiential course designed to prepare multidisciplinary professionals to participate in and lead QI efforts at Nationwide Children’s Hospital (NCH). This study used a milestone-based self-assessment survey of graduates from 2012 to 2014 to gauge change in participants’ self-assessed QI competency after course completion. Four competency domains were evaluated: QI knowledge; testing and implementing change using teams; data management and analysis; and spreading and sustaining science. Metrics for assessing individual QI productivity were presentation or publication of QI work outside NCH; local, regional, or national QI teaching; serving on a local, regional, or national QI committee; appointment as a QI leader; involvement in an internal or external QI collaborative; and leading a maintenance of certification Part IV project approved by NCH.

Results
Course participation more than doubled participants’ self-assessed QI competence across all four domains. Gains continued after the course, increasing with time rather than degrading. Self-assessed competency increase was significantly associated with increased QI productivity.

Conclusions
Self-assessed QI competence dramatically improved after participation in an educational course and continued to increase over time. Increased self-assessed QI competency correlated with increased individual QI productivity. Further studies are necessary to fully evaluate “return on investment” for this type of course.
New insights into the recognition, classification and management of systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Mullin Christopher J. , Mathai Stephen C. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
Pulmonary hypertension is a common complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc), and remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We will review recent developments in the recognition, classification and treatment of pulmonary hypertension in SSc.

Recent findings
Advances in screening for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and use of exercise haemodynamics may help to identify pulmonary vascular disease earlier in SSc. Recent studies have led to changes in recommendations for adjunct therapy and selection of pulmonary vasodilators for the treatment of SSc-associated PAH.

Summary
Recent advances in the diagnosis, classification and management of pulmonary hypertension in SSc have continued to improve our understanding of this challenging disease. Ongoing investigation in the pathogenesis of this disease will afford the opportunity to develop targeted therapies to improve outcomes for SSc patients with pulmonary hypertension.
Postoperative Changes in Presepsin Level and Values Predictive of Surgical Site Infection After Spinal Surgery
Authors: Koakutsu Tomoaki , Sato Tetsuya , Aizawa Toshimi , Itoi Eiji , Kushimoto Shigeki 
Published: August 2017

Study Design.
Single-institutional, prospective observational study.

Objective.
To elucidate the perioperative kinetics of presepsin (PSEP) in patients undergoing spinal surgery, and to evaluate the possibility of PSEP in the early diagnosis of surgical site infection (SSI).

Summary of Background Data.
Early diagnosis of SSI after spinal surgery is important. Although several biomarkers have been used as early indicators of SSI, the specificity of these markers in SSI diagnosis was not high. PSEP was found as a novel diagnostic marker for bacterial sepsis in 2004. However, its kinetics after spinal surgery and its usefulness in early diagnosis of SSI have never been evaluated.

Methods.
A total of 118 patients who underwent elective spinal surgery were enrolled. PSEP was measured before, immediately after, 1 day after, and 1 week after surgery. In patients without postoperative infection, perioperative kinetics of PSEP were analyzed. PSEP levels in patients with postoperative infection were also recorded separately, and their utility in SSI diagnosis was evaluated.

Results.
In the 115 patients without postoperative infection, the median PSEP value was 126, 171, 194, and 147 pg/mL before, immediately after, 1 day after, and 1 week after surgery, respectively. Compared with the preoperative value, PSEP was significantly higher immediately after surgery and the next day, and return to the preoperative level 1 week after surgery. The estimated reference value for 95 percentile in patients without postoperative infection was 297 pg/mL 1 week after surgery. In three patients with postoperative infection, higher levels (>300 pg/mL) were observed 1 week after surgery.

Conclusion.
In patients after spinal surgery without infectious complications, blood levels of PSEP may immediately increase and return to preoperative levels 1 week after surgery. The PSEP value of 300 pg/mL 1 week after surgery might be used as a novel indicator for suspected SSI.

Level of Evidence: 4
Analysis of the Relationship Between the Epidural Spinal Cord Compression (ESCC) Scale and Paralysis Caused by Metastatic Spine Tumors
Authors: Uei Hiroshi , Tokuhashi Yasuaki , Maseda Masafumi 
Published: August 2017

Study Design.
A retrospective, single-institute, and radiographic study.

Objective.
To evaluate the relationship between the epidural spinal cord compression (ESCC) scale and the severity of metastatic spine tumor–induced paralysis.

Summary of Background Data.
The ESCC scale is used to evaluate the grade of spinal cord compression on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, few studies have investigated the relationship between such MRI findings and paralysis.

Methods.
The subjects were 467 patients with metastatic spine tumors and grade 1b or worse spinal cord compression according to the ESCC scale. Evaluations using this scale were performed by three spine surgeons, and results that were obtained by two or more surgeons were adopted. We also examined patients whose spinal cord compression deteriorated by one grade or more to American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade C or worse within the first 3 weeks after MRI.

Results.
The kappa coefficients for inter- and intraexaminer variability were 0.90 and 0.95, respectively. ASIA grade D or worse paralysis developed in at least 50% of the patients with ESCC grade 1b or worse spinal cord compression at the C1-T2 and at least 50% of those with ESCC grade 1c or worse spinal cord compression at the T3-L5. The frequency of ASIA grade C or worse paralysis was high among the patients with ESCC grade 2 or worse spinal cord compression at the C7-L1. Nineteen patients experienced rapid deterioration of one grade or more to ASIA grade C or worse paralysis within the first 3 weeks after MRI. Of these, paralysis occurred in at least 30% of the patients with anterolateral or circumferential cord compression combined with ESCC grade 2 or 3 compression at the C7-L1.

Conclusion.
The severity of paralysis was not correlated with the ESCC scale. Patients with anterolateral or circumferential ESCC grade 2 or 3 cord compression at the C7-L1 are at high risk of rapidly progressive paralysis.

Level of Evidence: 4
Is Two-level Cervical Disc Replacement More Cost-effective Than Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion at 7 Years?
Authors: Merrill Robert K. , McAnany Steven J. , Albert Todd J. , Qureshi Sheeraz A. 
Published: August 2017

Study Design.
Cost-effectiveness analysis.

Objective.
To investigate 7-years cost-effectiveness of two-level cervical disc replacement (CDR) and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF).

Summary of Background Data.
CDR and ACDF are both effective treatment strategies for managing degenerative conditions of the cervical spine. CDR has been shown to be a more-cost effective intervention in the short term, but the long-term cost-effectiveness has not been established.

Methods.
We analyzed 7-years follow-up data from the two-level Medtronic Prestige LP investigational device exemption study. Short-form 36 (SF-36) data were converted into health utility scores using the SF-6D algorithm. Costs were based on direct costs from the payer perspective, and effectiveness was measured as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold was set to $50,000/QALY. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted via Monte Carlo simulation.

Results.
Two-level CDR had a 7-year cost of $176,654.19, generated 4.65 QALYs, and had a cost-effectiveness ratio of $37,993.53/QALY. Two-level ACDF had a 7-year cost of $158,373.48, generated 4.44 QALYs, and had a cost-effectiveness ratio of $35,635.72. CDR was associated with an incremental cost of $18,280.71 and an incremental effectiveness of 0.21 QALYs, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of $89,021.04, above the WTP threshold. Our Monte Carlo simulation demonstrated CDR would be chosen 46% of the time based on 10,000 simulations.

Conclusion.
Two-level CDR and ACDF are both cost-effective procedures at 7-year follow up for treating degenerative conditions of the cervical spine. Based on an ICER of $89,021.04/QALY, we cannot conclude which treatment is the more cost-effective option at 7-years. CDR would be chosen 46% of the time based on 10,000 iterations of our Monte Carlo probabilistic sensitivity analysis.

Level of Evidence: 3