bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of hindered phenol on the tribochemistry of polysulfides in mineral oil and synthetic diester
Authors: Fu Xisheng , Sun Lingguo , Zhou Xuguang , Yan Jincan , Ren Tianhui 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe influence of hindered phenol on tribological properties and mechanism of polysulfides in mineral oil and synthetic diester were investigated in this paper. Four‐ball machine was employed to evaluate the anti‐wear and friction‐reducing performance of the lubrication system and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy was applied to detect the thermal and tribofilms. The tribological results indicate that when the phenol was added in trisulfide/synthetic diester system, the friction coefficient decreased. The anti‐wear performance of sulfides only depended on the concentration of sulfur in mineral oil. The results of X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure analysis indicate that sulfite can be found in thermal films by adding hindered phenol into mineral oil with trisulfide, while in other conditions, the thermal films only consist of sulfate. The results of the tribofilms show that for the trisulfide in mineral oil, hindered phenol changes the ratio of reduced and oxidised form of sulfur. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GNAL mutation in isolated laryngeal dystonia
Authors: Putzel Gregory G. , Fuchs Tania , Battistella Giovanni , Rubien‐Thomas Estee , Frucht Steven J. , Blitzer Andrew , Ozelius Laurie J. , Simonyan Kristina 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundUp to 12% of patients with laryngeal dystonia report a familial history of dystonia, pointing to involvement of genetic factors. However, its genetic causes remain unknown.MethodUsing Sanger sequencing, we screened 57 patients with isolated laryngeal dystonia for mutations in known dystonia genes TOR1A (DYT1), THAP1 (DYT6), TUBB4A (DYT4), and GNAL (DYT25). Using functional MRI, we explored the influence of the identified mutation on brain activation during symptomatic task production.ResultsWe identified 1 patient with laryngeal dystonia who was a GNAL mutation carrier. When compared with 26 patients without known mutations, the GNAL carrier had increased activity in the fronto‐parietal cortex and decreased activity in the cerebellum.ConclusionsOur data show that GNAL mutation may represent one of the rare causative genetic factors of isolated laryngeal dystonia. Exploratory evidence of distinct neural abnormalities in the GNAL carrier may suggest the presence of divergent pathophysiological cascades underlying this disorder. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
On the concept of exact solution for nonlinear differential equations of fractional‐order
Authors: Guner Ozkan , Bekir Ahmet 
Published: February 2016

In this article, the new exact travelling wave solutions of the nonlinear space‐time fractional Burger's, the nonlinear space‐time fractional Telegraph and the nonlinear space‐time fractional Fisher equations have been found. Based on a nonlinear fractional complex transformation, certain fractional partial differential equations can be turned into ordinary differential equations of integer order in the sense of the Jumarie's modified Riemann–Liouville derivative. The
‐expansion method is effective for constructing solutions to the nonlinear fractional equations, and it appears to be easier and more convenient by means of a symbolic computation system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inter‐station intensity standardization for whole‐body MR data
Authors: Dzyubachyk Oleh , Staring Marius , Reijnierse Monique , Lelieveldt Boudewijn P. F. , van der Geest Rob J. 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo develop and validate a method for performing inter‐station intensity standardization in multispectral whole‐body MR data.MethodsDifferent approaches for mapping the intensity of each acquired image stack into the reference intensity space were developed and validated. The registration strategies included: “direct” registration to the reference station (Strategy 1), “progressive” registration to the neighboring stations without (Strategy 2), and with (Strategy 3) using information from the overlap regions of the neighboring stations. For Strategy 3, two regularized modifications were proposed and validated. All methods were tested on two multispectral whole‐body MR data sets: a multiple myeloma patients data set (48 subjects) and a whole‐body MR angiography data set (33 subjects).ResultsFor both data sets, all strategies showed significant improvement of intensity homogeneity with respect to vast majority of the validation measures (P < 0.005). Strategy 1 exhibited the best performance, closely followed by Strategy 2. Strategy 3 and its modifications were performing worse, in majority of the cases significantly (P < 0.05).ConclusionsWe propose several strategies for performing inter‐station intensity standardization in multispectral whole‐body MR data. All the strategies were successfully applied to two types of whole‐body MR data, and the “direct” registration strategy was concluded to perform the best. Magn Reson Med 77:422–433, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Separation and quantification of lactate and lipid at 1.3 ppm by diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Anna M. , Leung Gilberto K.K. , Kiang Karrie M.Y. , Chan Danny , Cao Peng , Wu Ed X. 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo separate the spectrally overlapped lactate and lipid signals at 1.3 ppm using diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DW‐MRS) based on their large diffusivity difference.MethodsDW‐MRS was applied to the gel phantoms containing lactate and lipid droplets, and to the rat brain tumors. Lactate and lipid signals and their apparent diffusion coefficients were computed from the diffusion‐weighted proton spectra. Biexponential fitting and direct spectral subtraction approaches were employed and compared.ResultsDW‐MRS could effectively separate lactate and lipid signals both in phantoms and rat brain C6 glioma by biexponential fitting. In phantoms, lactate and lipid signals highly correlated with the known lactate concentration and lipid volume fractions. In C6 glioma, both lactate and lipid signals were detected, and the lipid signal was an order of magnitude higher than lactate signal. The spectral subtraction approach using three diffusion weightings also allowed the separation of lactate and lipid signals, yielding results comparable to those by the biexponential fitting approach.ConclusionDW‐MRS presents a new approach to separate and quantify spectrally overlapped molecules and/or macromolecules, such as lactate and lipid, by using the diffusivity difference associated with their different sizes or mobility within tissue microstructure. Magn Reson Med 77:480–489, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Qualitative Exploration of Illness Perceptions of Rheumatoid Arthritis in the General Public
Authors: Simons Gwenda , Mason Anna , Falahee Marie , Kumar Kanta , Mallen Christian D. , Raza Karim , Stack Rebecca J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTreating patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) within three months of symptom onset leads to significantly improved outcomes. However, many people delay seeking medical attention. In order to understand the reasons for this delay, it is important to have a thorough understanding of public perceptions about RA. The current study investigated these perceptions using the Self‐Regulation Model (SRM) as a framework to explain how health behaviour is influenced by illness perceptions (prototypes) through qualitative interviews with 15 members of the public without RA. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed and analysed using framework analysis based on SRM illness perceptions. Both accurate and inaccurate perceptions about the identity, causes, consequences, controllability and timeline of RA were identified. This highlights opportunities to enhance public knowledge about RA. These findings further support the utility of exploring prototypical beliefs of illness, suggesting their potential role in influencing help‐seeking behaviours and identifying probable drivers/barriers to early presentation. © 2016 The Authors Musculoskeletal Care Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
The relationship between fecal incontinence, constipation and defecatory symptoms in women with pelvic floor disorders
Authors: Andy Uduak U. , Harvie Heidi S. , Pahwa Avita P. , Markland Alayne , Arya Lily A. 
Published: February 2016

AimsTo determine if fecal incontinence (FI) is associated with constipation and defecatory symptoms in women with urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and pelvic organ prolapse.MethodsCross‐sectional study of women seeking care for urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and pelvic organ prolapse. FI was defined as a positive response to the question, “During the last 4 weeks how often have you leaked or soiled yourself with stool?” Constipation and defecatory symptoms, including straining, sensation of incomplete emptying, and splinting, were measured using the Birmingham Bowel Symptom Questionnaire and the Colorectal Anal Distress Inventory. Prevalence and severity of constipation and defecatory symptoms were compared between women with and without FI. We performed separate multivariable regression analyses for the association of FI and constipation and defecatory symptoms while adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsWe included 1,015 women: 422 (44%) with and 593 (56%) without FI. Women with FI compared to those without FI were more likely to report constipation (76% vs. 66%) as well as straining (53% vs. 38%), sensation of incomplete emptying (58% vs. 40%) and splinting (30% vs. 20%), all P < 0.001. Women with FI reported greater severity of constipation (4.3 ± 4.3 vs. 3.1 ± 3.6, P < 0.001), straining (2.7 ± 1 vs. 2.5 ± 0.9, P = 0.02) and sense of incomplete emptying (2.6 ± 1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.9, P = 0.02) than women without FI. Even after controlling for potential confounders, the diagnosis of FI was significantly associated with constipation and defecatory symptoms.ConclusionsIn women with urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, and pelvic organ prolapse, diagnosis of FI is associated with constipation and other defecatory symptoms; which impacts evaluation and management strategies. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:495–498, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Socioeconomic status and anthropometric changes—A meta‐analytic approach from seven German cohorts
Authors: Herzog Beatrice , Lacruz Maria E. , Haerting Johannes , Hartwig Saskia , Tiller Daniel , Medenwald Daniel , Vogt Susanne , Thorand Barbara , Holle Rolf , Bachlechner Ursula , Boeing Heiner , Merz Benedikt , Nöthlings Ute , Schlesinger Sabrina , Schipf Sabine , Ittermann Till , Aumann Nicole , Schienkiewitz Anja , Haftenberger Marjolein , Greiser Karin H. , Neamat‐Allah Jasmine , Katzke Verena , Kluttig Alexander 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo study the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and annual relative change in anthropometric markers in the general German adult population.MethodsLongitudinal data of 56,556 participants aged 18–83 years from seven population‐based German cohort studies (CARLA, SHIP, KORA, DEGS, EPIC‐Heidelberg, EPIC‐Potsdam, PopGen) were analyzed by meta‐analysis using a random‐effects model. The indicators of SES were education and household income.ResultsOn average, all participants gained weight and increased their waist circumference over the study's follow‐up period. Men and women in the low education group had a 0.1 percentage points greater annual increase in weight (95% CI men: 0.06‐0.20; and women: 0.06‐0.12) and waist circumference (95% CI men: 0.01‐0.45; and women: 0.05‐0.22) than participants in the high education group. Women with low income had a 0.1 percentage points higher annual increase in weight (95% CI 0.00‐0.15) and waist circumference (95% CI 0.00‐0.14) than women with high income. No association was found for men between income and obesity markers.ConclusionsParticipants with lower SES (education and for women also income) gained more weight and waist circumference than those with higher SES. These results underline the necessity to evaluate the risk of weight gain based on SES to develop more effective preventive measures.
The relationship of social support with treatment adherence and weight loss in Latinos with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Marquez Becky , Anderson Andrea , Wing Rena R. , West Delia S. , Newton Robert L. , Meacham Maria , Hazuda Helen P. , Peters Anne , Montez Maria G. , Broyles Stephanie T. , Walker Martha , Evans‐Hudsnall Gina ,   The Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveLittle is known about the effects of social support on weight loss in Latinos. This study determined whether sex moderated and treatment adherence mediated the association between social support and weight loss.MethodsData from 278 Latino males and females with type 2 diabetes in the Intensive Lifestyle Intervention of the Look AHEAD trial were analyzed. Multivariable modeling tested for moderation and parallel multiple mediator modeling simultaneously tested the mediating effects of adherence to physical activity, diet, and session attendance on the relationship between baseline social support and percent weight loss at 1 year.ResultsSocial support for physical activity (having family and friends join in physical activity) was related to weight loss. Adherence to physical activity was related to both social support for physical activity and weight loss. Sex did not moderate these relationships. Adherence to physical activity completely mediated the relationship between social support for physical activity and weight loss.ConclusionsIncreasing companionship for physical activity may be an effective intervention strategy to promote behaviors important for weight loss among Latinos.
Quantifying the proportion of deaths due to body mass index‐ and waist circumference‐defined obesity
Authors: Tanamas Stephanie K. , Ng Winda L. , Backholer Kathryn , Hodge Allison , Zimmet Paul Z. , Peeters Anna 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the risk of mortality associated with and quantify the deaths attributable to combinations of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).MethodsThis study included 41,439 participants. For the hazard ratio (HR) calculation, adiposity categories were defined as: BMIN/WCN, BMIN/WCO, BMIO/WCN, and BMIO/WCO (N = non‐obese, O = obese). For the population attributable fraction analysis, obesity was classified as: (i) obese by BMI and/or WC; (ii) obese by BMI; and (iii) obese by WC. Mortality data was complete to the end of 2012.ResultsThe prevalence of BMIN/WCN, BMIN/WCO, BMIO/WCN, and BMIO/WCO was 73%, 6%, 6%, and 15%, respectively. There was an increased risk of all‐cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in those with BMIN/WCO (HR (95% CI) 1.2 (1.2, 1.3) and 1.3 (1.1, 1.6)) and BMIO/WCO (1.3 (1.3, 1.4) and 1.7 (1.5, 1.9)) compared to those with BMIN/WCN. The estimated proportion of all‐cause and CVD mortality attributable to obesity defined using WC or using BMI and/or WC was higher compared to obesity defined using BMI.ConclusionsCurrent population obesity monitoring misses those with BMIN/WCO who are at increased risk of mortality. By targeting reductions in population WC, the potential exists to prevent more deaths in the population than if we continue to target reductions in BMI alone.
Effects of longitudinal body mass index variability on microvasculature over 5 years in adult Chinese
Authors: Gong Weifeng , Hu Yin , Niu Yong , Wang Dandan , Wang Ying , Li Yuetao , Holden Brien A. , He Mingguang 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo explore the associations of 5‐year trend and fluctuation in body mass index (BMI) with retinal vascular caliber in a middle‐aged and elderly Chinese population.MethodsParticipants age ≥40 years were recruited in a prospective study. Baseline BMI data were collected in 2008, and the participants were re‐examined annually until 2012. Retinal vascular caliber was measured from fundus photographs collected in 2012. BMI trend was calculated as the slope of BMI against the time of examinations. BMI fluctuation was defined as the root mean square error around the regression line of BMI over time (BMI RMSE) and the coefficient of variation of BMI (BMI CV).ResultsRising BMI trend was associated with narrower retinal arteriolar and wider venular calibers in the overall subjects, especially among persons with overweight and obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, P = 0.004 and 0.033, respectively). Rising BMI trend was also significantly associated with narrower retinal arteriole even in nonobese individuals with BMI < 25 kg/m2 (P = 0.017) when eliminating the effects of hypertension and diabetes. Neither BMI RMSE nor BMI CV was statistically associated with retinal vascular caliber (all P > 0.05).ConclusionsAnnual rising trending BMI was associated with retinal microvascular alteration. The results suggest that weight gain probably increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases among middle‐aged and elderly people.
SGK1 is modulated by resistin in vascular smooth muscle cells and in the aorta following diet‐induced obesity
Authors: Scott Takara A. , Babayeva Oguljahan , Banerjee Saswati , Zhong Wei , Francis Sharon C. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveEnhanced serum and glucocorticoid‐inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) activity contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular disease. This study evaluated SGK1 modulation in vascular smooth muscle cells by the adipokine resistin and in aortic tissue in a murine model of diet‐induced obesity (DIO).MethodsModulation of SGK1 by resistin was assessed in human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMC)in vitroby quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot analyses. To induce the lean or obese phenotype, mice were fed a 10 kcal% low‐fat or 60 kcal% high‐fat diet, respectively, for 8 weeks. Upon study completion, plasma resistin was assessed and aortic tissue was harvested to examine the effect of DIO on regulation of SGK1in vivo.ResultsResistin increased SGK1 mRNA, total protein abundance, and its activation as determined by phosphorylation of its serine 422 residue (pSGK1) in HAoSMC. Resistin‐mediated SGK1 phosphorylation was dependent upon phosphatidylinositol‐3‐kinase and Toll‐like receptor 4. Furthermore, inhibition of SGK1 attenuated resistin‐induced proliferation in HAoSMC. DIO led to up‐regulation of total SGK1 protein levels and pSGK1 in association with increased plasma resistin.ConclusionsThese data suggest that high levels of resistin observed during obesity may activate SGK1 in the vasculature and contribute to the development of obesity‐related vascular disease.
A review of shape memory polymers bearing reversible binding groups
Authors: Lewis Christopher L. , Dell Elizabeth M. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTShape memory polymers (SMP) can be deformed to a stable, temporary shape and recovered to their original shape by applying a stimulus. These networks rely on the presence of two types of net points to establish their permanent and temporary shapes. Classical strategies to stabilize temporary shapes rely on cooling below Tg/Tm where macromolecules become pinned in a stressed state. Recovery of the SMP usually involves heating to above the transition temperature where the permanent shape is remembered. Employing reversible binding groups (RBGs) in SMPs has emerged as an alternative strategy for stabilizing temporary shapes or imparting recyclability of the permanent shape. The use of dynamic chemistry often engenders additional functionality such as intrinsic self‐healing characteristics or alternative shape recovery triggering strategies. SMPs bearing both supramolecular and covalent RBGs will be reviewed with an emphasis on hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, metal–ligand coordination, and dynamic covalent exchange and addition reactions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2016, 54, 1340–1364
Preparation and Characterization of JP‐10 Gel Propellants with Tris‐Urea Low‐Molecular Mass Gelators
Authors: Qiu Xian Ping , Pang Ai Min , Jin Feng , Wei Wei , Chen Ke Hai , Lu Tong Jie 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe preparation and characterization of high‐energy density hydrocarbon fuel JP‐10 supramolecular gel propellants are reported. The low‐molecular mass gelator 1,1′,1′′‐((2,4,6‐trioxo‐1,3,5‐triazinane‐1,3,5‐triyl)tris(hexane‐6,1‐diyl))tris(3‐octadecylurea) (HDIT‐18) shows powerful gelation ability for JP‐10, the critical gelator concentration for JP‐10 is as low as 0.0638 wt‐%. The JP‐10 supramolecular gel propellants exhibit high thermal stability. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies reveal that the gelator molecules self‐assemble into 1–3 μm fibers in JP‐10. Rheological studies show the JP‐10 supramolecular gels are thixotropic and shear‐thinning (for a shear rate range from 0.3 to 30 s−1), the dynamic strain sweep test shows that the critical strain percentage of the gel materials is 1 %. The studies reported herein provide a potential fuel material for gel propellants.
Mechanical properties of multiferroic Bi2Mn4O10: Full set of elastic constants determined by inelastic neutron scattering
Authors: Ziegler Fabian , Murshed Mohammad M. , Gibhardt Holger , Sobolev Oleg , Gesing Thorsten M. , Eckold Götz 
Published: February 2016

The full matrix of elastic constants of multiferroic Bi2Mn4O10 has been determined at ambient conditions using phonon spectroscopy. The dispersion of acoustic phonons in a single crystal was measured at the three axes neutron spectrometer PUMA@FRM II for different propagation directions. The magnitudes of the independent nine elastic constants show that the mechanical behavior is strongly anisotropic with a soft direction which almost coincides with the magnetization vector in the low‐temperature multiferroic phase. The anisotropy can be related to the different types of links between the building blocks of the mullite structure.Three dimensional representation of the sound velocities (in m s−1) for a transverse acoustic phonon‐mode.
Are Heart Failure and Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Patients Meeting Physical Activity Guidelines?
Authors: Yates Bernice C. , Pozehl Bunny , Kupzyk Kevin , Epstein Crystal M. , Deka Pallav 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to describe subjective and objective physical activity (PA) levels of two groups of cardiovascular patients who were either postcoronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery or diagnosed with heart failure (HF).

Design:
A descriptive comparative design was used for this secondary analysis of data from two prior studies.

Methods:
A convenience sample of 62 outpatients was used to examine PA objectively (Actiheart accelerometer) and subjectively (PA interview).

Findings:
Objectively, 33% of CABG patients and no HF patients met PA recommendations of ≥150 minutes per week. Subjectively, 56% of CABG and 38% of HF patients reported meeting PA guidelines recommendations.

Conclusions:
Few patients in this study met PA guidelines recommendations.

Clinical Relevance:
Innovative rehabilitation nursing practice strategies are needed (e.g., use of activity trackers, making PA a vital sign) to assist patients in gaining the knowledge and skills to be more active and adhere to PA guidelines recommendations.