bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Situation awareness: when nurses decide to admit or not admit a person with mental illness as an involuntary patient
Authors: Patterson Christopher , Procter Nicholas , Toffoli Luisa 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimThis paper will explore the application of situation awareness in nursing to determine its suitability as a framework to study how the decision to admit or not admit a person as an involuntary patient is made.BackgroundThe decision by a specially qualified nurse to admit or not admit a person to a mental health facility against their will remains a central component of contemporary mental health legislation. The decision has an impact on a person's autonomy and human rights. Conversely, the decision to admit may facilitate urgent assessment and treatment and ensure the safety of the individual and others. Research highlights that decision‐making in this context is challenging due to the multiple information sources and often incomplete information available to the clinician. Situation awareness is a concept used to explain how practitioners identify, use and make meaning of a multitude of factors and elements relevant to their practice.DesignDiscussion paper.Data sourcesA search of terms related to situation awareness and mental health nursing was conducted in the period 2000 – present.Implications for nursingExploring nurses decision‐making using a situation awareness framework provides for a more nuanced understanding of nurses knowledge and skill when deciding to admit or not a person as an involuntary patient.ConclusionThe concept of situation awareness provides a framework to better understand the decision‐making process associated with the involuntary admission decision.
Scanning and deep processing of information in hypertext: an eye tracking and cued retrospective think‐aloud study
Authors: Salmerón L. , Naumann J. , García V. , Fajardo I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhen students solve problems on the Internet, they have to find a balance between quickly scanning large sections of information in web pages and deeply processing those that are relevant for the task. We studied how high school students articulate scanning and deeper processing of information while answering questions using a Wikipedia document, and how their reading comprehension skills and the question type interact with these processes. By analyzing retrospective think‐aloud protocols and eye‐tracking measures, we found that scanning of information led to poor hypertext comprehension, while deep processing of information produced better performance, especially in location questions. This relationship between scanning, deep processing, and performance was qualified by reading comprehension skills in an unexpected way: Scanning led to lower performance especially for good comprehenders, while the positive effect of deep processing was independent of reading comprehension skills. We discussed the results in light of our current knowledge of Internet problem solving.
Phenology and temperature‐dependent development of Ceutorhynchus assimilis, a potential biological control agent for Lepidium draba
Authors: von Virag A. , Bon M.C. , Cloşca C. , Diaconu A. , Haye T. , Weiss R. M. , Müller‐Schärer H. , Hinz H. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLepidium draba (Brassicaceae) is a major concern for agriculture and biodiversity in the western United States. As current control methods do not provide long‐term, sustainable solutions, research has been conducted to find biological control agents. Ceutorhynchus assimilis is one of the currently investigated candidates. Known as oligophagous in the literature, a specialist clade of this root‐galling weevil exists in southern Europe. This raised the question of its ability to survive in colder climates in the target range. We investigated the phenology of C. assimilis in the field in southern France (specialist clade) and Romania (generalist clade) and measured various temperature‐dependent parameters in the laboratory. In both ranges, weevils were univoltine. Oviposition in autumn started later in France compared to Romania, while mature larvae exited galls (to pupate in the soil) earlier the following year. On average, 25% and 32% of galls from France and Romania were completely below the soil surface, respectively, and this appeared to depend on soil substrate. Weevils transported from France to Romania were able to develop, but at a much lower rate than Romanian weevils. Mortality of overwintering larvae of both clades increased with decreasing temperature and exposure time. At −5°C, lethal times Lt50 and Lt95 were 15 and 42 days for the specialist clade and 26 and 72 days for the generalist clade. A higher proportion of third instar larvae compared to first and second instar larvae survived. Pupation time at different temperatures did not differ between weevils from France or Romania. A climate match model (comparing winter temperatures) indicated that the specialist clade of C. assimilis from France has the potential to establish in some parts of the target range (e.g. Washington, Oregon, California). However, temperature extremes and winters without snow cover will likely limit its establishment unless rapid adaptive evolution takes place.
Effects of an artificial blend of host‐infested plant volatiles on plant attractiveness to parasitic wasps
Authors: Ohara Y. , Uchida T. , Kakibuchi K. , Uefune M. , Takabayashi J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFor the biological control of diamondback moth (DBM) larvae in commercial greenhouses, we have previously identified a blend of volatiles that attracted Cotesia vestalis, a parasitoid of DBM larvae. Here, we tested the effects of an artificial volatile blend on the attractiveness of komatsuna plants (Japanese mustard spinach; Brassica rapa var. perviridis) to C. vestalis under greenhouse conditions. First, we showed that female C. vestalis preferred infested komatsuna plants to uninfested plants in the greenhouse. Under the same conditions, placing the artificial attractants near both infested and uninfested plants did not affect the wasps’ preference. However, when comparing infested komatsuna plants coupled with the artificial attractants with infested plants without them, significantly more female C. vestalis were attracted to the former. The possible use of artificial C. vestalis attractants for the biological control of DBM is discussed.
Prevalence and risk factors of advanced colorectal neoplasms in asymptomatic Korean people between 40 and 49 years of age
Authors: Koo Ja Eun , Kim Kyung‐Jo , Park Hye Won , Kim Hong‐Kyu , Choe Jae Won , Chang Hye‐Sook , Lee Ji Young , Myung Seung‐Jae , Yang Suk‐Kyun , Kim Jin‐Ho 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground and AimCurrent guidelines recommend colon cancer screening for persons aged over 50 years. However, there are few data on colorectal cancer screening in 40‐ to 49‐year‐olds. This study assessed the prevalence and risk factors of colorectal neoplasms in 40‐ to 49‐year‐old Koreans.MethodsWe analyzed the results of screening colonoscopies of 6680 persons 40–59 years of age (2206 aged 40–49 and 4474 aged 50–59 years).ResultsThe prevalence of overall and advanced neoplasms in the 40‐ to 49‐year age group was lower than in the 50‐ to 59‐year age group (26.7% and 2.4% vs 37.8% and 3.5%, respectively). However, the prevalence of overall and advanced neoplasms increased to 39.1% and 5.4%, respectively, in 45‐ to 49‐year‐old individuals with metabolic syndrome. In the 40‐ to 49‐year age group, age, current smoking, and metabolic syndrome were associated with an increased risk of advanced neoplasms (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04–1.30; OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.20–8.12; and OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.09–3.67, respectively).ConclusionsIndividuals aged 40–49 years had a lower prevalence of colorectal neoplasms than those aged 50–59 years, but some 40‐ to 49‐year‐olds showed a similar prevalence to those aged 50–59 years. Age, current smoking habits, and metabolic syndrome are associated with an increased risk of advanced neoplasms in subjects aged 40–49 years. Further studies are needed to stratify the risks of colon cancer and guide targeted screening in persons younger than 50 years old.
Prevalence of reported physical health problems in people with severe or profound intellectual and motor disabilities: a cross‐sectional study of medical records and care plans
Authors: van Timmeren E. A. , van der Putten A. A. J. , van Schrojenstein Lantman‐de Valk H. M. J. , van der Schans C. P. , Waninge A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundPeople with severe or profound intellectual and motor disabilities (SPIMD) experience numerous serious physical health problems and comorbidities. Knowledge regarding the prevalence of these problems is needed in order to detect and treat them at an early stage. Data concerning these problems in individuals with SPIMD are limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of reported physical health problems in adults with SPIMD through a review of medical records and care plans.MethodWe conducted a cross‐sectional study employing data obtained from medical and support records. A sample of adults with SPIMD was recruited in eight residential care settings. Physical health problems that had occurred during the previous 12 months or were chronic were recorded.ResultsThe records of 99 participants were included. A wide range of physical health problems were found with a mean of 12 problems per person. Very high prevalence rates (>50%) were found for constipation, visual impairment, epilepsy, spasticity, deformations, incontinence and reflux.ConclusionsThe results suggest that people with SPIMD simultaneously experience numerous, serious physical health problems. The reliance on reported problems may cause an underestimation of the prevalence of health problems with less visible signs and symptoms such as osteoporosis and thyroid dysfunction.
Serial block face scanning electron microscopy and the reconstruction of plant cell membrane systems
Authors: KITTELMANN M. , HAWES C. , HUGHES L. 
Published: May 2016

SummarySerial block face imaging with the scanning electron microscope has been developed as an alternative to serial sectioning and transmission electron microscopy for the ultrastructural analysis of the three‐dimensional organization of cells and tissues. An ultramicrotome within the microscope specimen chamber permits sectioning and imaging to a depth of many microns within resin‐embedded specimens. The technology has only recently been adopted by plant microscopists and here we describe some specimen preparation procedures suitable for plant tissue, suggested microscope imaging parameters and discuss the software required for image reconstruction and analysis.
Combining Stress Exposure and Stress Generation: Does Neuroticism Alter the Dynamic Interplay of Stress, Depression, and Anxiety Following Job Loss?
Authors: Howe George W. , Cimporescu Maria , Seltzer Ryan , Neiderhiser Jenae M. , Moreno Francisco , Weihs Karen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveEmerging models of stress point to a dynamic formulation where stressors and internalizing symptoms reciprocally influence each other. This study tested whether this dynamic interplay is the result of a general internalizing process underlying both depression and anxiety, and whether it varies with neuroticism.MethodA total of 426 adults (51% female; 47% White, 42% African American) were assessed five times over 6 months following loss of employment, using repeated measurements of stressors, depression, anxiety, and neuroticism.ResultsLatent growth across 6 months and multilevel cross‐lagged regressions across 6 weeks supported the hypothesis that stressors and internalizing symptoms have reciprocal effects after job loss. Findings for unique variation in depression paralleled those for general internalizing, whereas few findings emerged for general or social anxiety after controlling for internalizing. Neuroticism strengthened the association of change in stressors with change in symptoms across 6 months. Those with high neuroticism showed less reduction in internalizing following reemployment and were less likely to be reemployed when starting with higher internalizing.ConclusionsThe moderated reciprocal effects model helps account for onset, maintenance, and resolution of symptoms following job loss. We speculate that these findings may be due in part to differential emotion regulation and reductions in motivation.
Bacterial Cholangitis, Cholecystitis, or both in Dogs
Authors: Tamborini A. , Jahns H. , McAllister H. , Kent A. , Harris B. , Procoli F. , Allenspach K. , Hall E.J. , Day M.J. , Watson P.J. , O'Neill E.J. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundBacterial cholangitis and cholecystitis are rarely reported, poorly characterized diseases in the dog.ObjectivesTo characterize the clinical features of these conditions.AnimalsTwenty‐seven client‐owned dogs with bacterial cholangitis, cholecystitis, or both.MethodsMulticenter, retrospective cases series of dogs with bacterial cholangitis, cholecystitis, or both, presenting January 2000 to June 2011 to 4 Veterinary Schools in Ireland/United Kingdom. Interrogation of hospital databases identified all cases with the inclusion criteria; histopathologically confirmed cholangitis or cholecystitis and bile culture/cytology results supporting a bacterial etiology.ResultsTwenty‐seven dogs met the inclusion criteria with approximately 460 hepatitis cases documented over the same study period. Typical clinical pathology findings were increases in liver enzyme activities (25/26), hyperbilirubinemia (20/26), and an inflammatory leukogram (21/24). Ultrasound findings, although nonspecific, aided decision‐making in 25/26 cases. The most frequent hepatobiliary bacterial isolates wereEscherichia coli(n = 17; 16 cases),Enterococcusspp. (n = 8; 6 cases), andClostridiumspp. (n = 5; 5 cases). Antimicrobial resistance was an important feature of aerobic isolates; 10/16E. coliisolates resistant to 3 or more antimicrobial classes. Biliary tract rupture complicated nearly one third of cases, associated with significant mortality (4/8). Discharged dogs had a guarded to fair prognosis; 17/18 alive at 2 months, although 5/10 re‐evaluated had persistent liver enzyme elevation 2–12 months later.Conclusion and Clinical SignificanceBacterial cholangitis and cholecystitis occur more frequently than suggested by current literature and should be considered in dogs presenting with jaundice and fever, abdominal pain, or an inflammatory leukogram or with ultrasonographic evidence of gallbladder abnormalities.
DENSITY OF SKEW BROWNIAN MOTION AND ITS FUNCTIONALS WITH APPLICATION IN FINANCE
Authors: Gairat Alexander , Shcherbakov Vadim 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe derive the joint density of a Skew Brownian motion, its last visit to the origin, its local and occupation times. The result enables us to obtain explicit analytical formulas for pricing European options under both a two‐valued local volatility model and a displaced diffusion model with constrained volatility.
Communication sounds of Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) and contextual use of vocalizations
Authors: Reyes Reyes M. Vanesa , Tossenberger Vanesa P. , Iñiguez Miguel A. , Hildebrand John A. , Melcón Mariana L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCetaceans produce a variety of vocalizations to communicate; however, little information exists on the acoustic behavior displayed by Commerson's dolphins (Cephalorhynchus commersonii) in the wild other than their echolocation behavior. Most available literature suggests that Commerson's dolphins do not produce any other sound type besides narrow‐band high‐frequency (NBHF) clicks, such that no signals are emitted below 100 kHz. We conducted acoustic recordings together with sightings to study the acoustic behavior of Commerson's dolphins in Bahia San Julian, Argentina. This is the first study that provides evidence that this species produces a variety of acoustic signals, including whistles and broad‐band clicks (BBC), with frequency content well below 100 kHz. Whistles were recorded mostly in the presence of mother and calf and were associated with parental behavior. BBC may be used for communication purposes by adults. These vocalizations are within the hearing range of killer whales and so could pose a risk of predation for Commerson's dolphins. Whether this population of Commerson's dolphins produce all these types of signals while they are in the open sea out of the waters of Bahía San Julián, which are apparently safe from predation, remains unknown.
Novel COL6A2 mutation in a case of limb girdle muscular dystrophy phenotype with autosomal recessive inheritance
Authors: Mitsui Jun , Ishiura Hiroyuki , Yoshimura Jun , Doi Koichiro , Morishita Shinichi , Shoji Hiroshi , Arimori Yojiro , Matsumoto Takafumi , Shimizu Jun , Tsuji Shoji 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe describe sibling cases presenting with long‐standing, slowly progressive proximal muscle weakness without joint contractures or hyperlaxity. Whole‐exome sequence analysis showed compound heterozygous mutations including a novel stop codon mutation of p.*1020Yext*86 (c.3060G > C) in COL6A2 as the causative mutations, establishing the diagnosis of COL6A2‐related myopathy presenting with limb girdle muscular dystrophy phenotype with autosomal recessive inheritance. Collagen VI‐related myopathies should be considered in patients with early childhood‐onset, slowly progressive proximal weakness even without joint contractures.
Creating Public Value and Institutional Innovations across Boundaries: An Integrative Process of Participation, Legitimation, and Implementation
Authors: Yang Kaifeng 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Public value creation has become a critical challenge, but existing approaches have limitations and it is unclear how they can be integrated. This article addresses this issue by analyzing four best‐practice cases in which public value was created through the integration of community indicators and government performance management. It identifies an iterative process of participation, legitimation, and implementation, with institutional innovations across boundaries between civil society, politics, and administration. These institutional innovations help integrate the often fragmented arenas of participation, legitimation, and implementation.
TNF and IL‐1β exposure increases airway narrowing but does not alter the bronchodilatory response to deep inspiration in airway segments
Authors: Ansell Thomas K. , Mitchell Howard W. , McFawn Peter K. , Noble Peter B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackground and objectiveWhile chronic inflammation of the airway wall and the failure of deep inspiration (DI) to produce bronchodilation are both common to asthma, whether pro‐inflammatory cytokines modulate the airway smooth muscle response to strain during DI is unknown. The primary aim of the study was to determine how an inflammatory environment (simulated by the use of pro‐inflammatory cytokines) alters the bronchodilatory response to DI.MethodsWe used whole porcine bronchial segments in vitro that were cultured in medium containing tumour necrosis factor and interleukin‐1β for 2 days. A custom‐built servo‐controlled syringe pump and pressure transducer was used to measure airway narrowing and to simulate tidal breathing with intermittent DI manoeuvres.ResultsCulture with tumour necrosis factor and interleukin‐1β increased airway narrowing to acetylcholine but did not affect the bronchodilatory response to DI.ConclusionThe failure of DI to produce bronchodilation in patients with asthma may not necessarily involve a direct effect of pro‐inflammatory cytokines on airway tissue. A relationship between inflammation and airway hyper‐responsiveness is supported, however, regulated by separate disease processes than those which attenuate or abolish the bronchodilatory response to DI in patients with asthma.
Son Preference, Number of Children, Education and Occupational Choice in Rural Nepal
Authors: Hatlebakk Magnus 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA unique family survey was conducted in Nepal to investigate the economic consequences of having a first‐born girl. Women have more children, but we find no causal effect of number of children on economic outcomes, but independently of the number of children there is a positive effect on boys’ education of having a first‐born sister, who presumably takes care of household work so the boys can focus on school. This indicates a stronger son preference in Nepal than that found in studies from neighboring countries.
Optimal Designs for Thermal Spraying
Authors: Dette Holger , Hoyden Laura , Kuhnt Sonja , Schorning Kirsten 
Published: May 2016

SummaryWe consider the problem of designing additional experiments to update statistical models for latent day specific effects. The problem appears in thermal spraying, where particles are sprayed on surfaces to obtain a coating. The relationships between in-flight properties of the particles and the controllable variables are modelled by generalized linear models. However, there are also non-controllable variables, which may vary from day to day and are modelled by day-specific additive effects. Existing generalized linear models for properties of the particles in flight must be updated on a limited number of additional experiments on a different day. We develop robust D-optimal designs to collect additional data for an update of the day effects, which are efficient for the estimation of the parameters in all models under consideration. The results are applied to the thermal spraying process and a comparison of the statistical analysis based on a reference design as well as on a selected Bayesian D-optimal design is performed.
Rural Agricultural Change and Individual Out‐migration
Authors: Bhandari Prem , Ghimire Dirgha 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe investigate the impact of household use of labor‐saving farm technologies on first‐time out‐migration after the household agriculture and consumption survey was conducted in 1996. Building on the labor substitution framework, we hypothesize that household use of labor‐saving technologies (e.g., tractors, farm implements, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides) increases individual out‐migration. To estimate the effects of the use of labor‐saving farm technologies on out‐migration, we use uniquely detailed panel data from the rapidly changing rural agrarian, migrant‐sending setting of Nepal. The results of our multilevel, discrete‐time, event history models suggest that net of other known factors associated with out‐migration, household use of farm technology—particularly the use of tractors—significantly increases out‐migration.