bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation of the Landfill Supíkovice (Olomouc Region, Czech Republic)
Authors: Cimalová Šárka 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The paper presents the results of floristic and vegetation analyses of the landfill Supíkovice. Ruderal, segetal and meadow vegetation units were recorded in June 2015. The most interesting findings were threatened weed species growing in decontamination patches on loamy and nutrient-poor soils in the central part of the landfill. Dianthus armeria (C4a) and Filago arvensis (C3) are listed in the national Red List of the Czech Republic. Moreover, these taxa were evaluated in the same category of rarity on the regional level. Apart from the above mentioned, Centaurea cyanus (C4a) and Papaver dubium (C4a), registered only in the regional Red List of vascular plants of the Moravian-Silesian Region (see methods), were found. Besides threatened species, relatively small populations of invasive taxa as Erigeron annuus, Impatiens parviflora or Reynoutria sp., were also recorded on the landfill Supíkovice.
The risk of collapse in abandoned mine sites: the issue of data uncertainty
Authors: Longoni Laura , Papini Monica , Brambilla Davide , Arosio Diego , Zanzi Luigi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGround collapses over abandoned underground mines constitute a new environmental risk in the world. The high risk associated with subsurface voids, together with lack of knowledge of the geometric and geomechanical features of mining areas, makes abandoned underground mines one of the current challenges for countries with a long mining history. In this study, a stability analysis of Montevecchia marl mine is performed in order to validate a general approach that takes into account the poor local information and the variability of the input data. The collapse risk was evaluated through a numerical approach that, starting with some simplifying assumptions, is able to provide an overview of the collapse probability. The final results is an easy-accessible-transparent summary graph that shows the collapse probability. This approach may be useful for public administrators called upon to manage this environmental risk. The approach tries to simplify this complex problem in order to achieve a roughly risk assessment, but, since it relies on just a small amount of information, any final user should be aware that a comprehensive and detailed risk scenario can be generated only through more exhaustive investigations.
Comparison of Two Ultrasonic Systems with Different Settings for Extraction of Capsaicinoids from Chili Peppers
Authors: Bajer Tomáš , Bajerová Petra , Kremr Daniel , Eisner Aleš , Adam Martin , Ventura Karel 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Two ultrasonic systems were compared with different settings for extraction of capsaicinoids (capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and nordihydrocapsaicin) from chili peppers. The first system was ultrasonic homogenizer using an ultrasonic probe operating at a working frequency of 20 kHz, with variable setting of power output. The second one was ultrasonic cleaner operating at a working frequency of 35 kHz, with fixed power output of 50 W. Determination of the optimum extraction procedures was performed by comparison of the extraction yields. Content of capsaicinoids was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Optimization studies of extractions by both ultrasonic systems were performed. Ten various real samples of chili underwent optimum extraction conditions in both ultrasonic systems. The results were compared with each other and to a conventional Soxhlet extraction. The ultrasonic methods provide the higher extraction efficiency and simple and straightforward operation. System working at higher power of ultrasound resulted in higher extraction yields. An application of ultrasonic system working at lower frequency of ultrasonic waves is slightly advantageous.
Heat meets light on the nanoscale
Authors: Boriskina Svetlana V. , Tong Jonathan K. , Hsu Wei-Chun , Liao Bolin , Huang Yi , Chiloyan Vazrik , Chen Gang 
Published: April 2016

Abstract We discuss the state-of-the-art and remaining challenges in the fundamental understanding and technology development for controlling light-matter interactions in nanophotonic environments in and away from thermal equilibrium. The topics covered range from the basics of the thermodynamics of light emission and absorption to applications in solar thermal energy generation, thermophotovoltaics, optical refrigeration, personalized cooling technologies, development of coherent incandescent light sources, and spinoptics.
Kerr optical frequency combs: theory, applications and perspectives
Authors: Chembo Yanne K. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The optical frequency comb technology is one of the most important breakthrough in photonics in recent years. This concept has revolutionized the science of ultra-stable lightwave and microwave signal generation. These combs were originally generated using ultrafast mode-locked lasers, but in the past decade, a simple and elegant alternativewas proposed,which consisted in pumping an ultra-high-Q optical resonator with Kerr nonlinearity using a continuous-wave laser. When optimal conditions are met, the intracavity pump photons are redistributed via four-wave mixing to the neighboring cavity modes, thereby creating the so-called Kerr optical frequency comb. Beyond being energy-efficient, conceptually simple, and structurally robust, Kerr comb generators are very compact devices (millimetric down to micrometric size) which can be integrated on a chip. They are, therefore, considered as very promising candidates to replace femtosecond mode-locked lasers for the generation of broadband and coherent optical frequency combs in the spectral domain, or equivalently, narrow optical pulses in the temporal domain. These combs are, moreover, expected to provide breakthroughs in many technological areas, such as integrated photonics, metrology, optical telecommunications, and aerospace engineering. The purpose of this review article is to present a comprehensive survey of the topic of Kerr optical frequency combs.We provide an overview of the main theoretical and experimental results that have been obtained so far. We also highlight the potential of Kerr combs for current or prospective applications, and discuss as well some of the open challenges that are to be met at the fundamental and applied level.
The Effect of Institutional Quality on Bank Lending in the Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
Authors: Gani Azmat , Al-Muharrami Saeed 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of institutional quality on lending by banks in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) group of countries. The methodology included the estimation of a reduced form regression equation utilizing cross country data for a range of variables capturing institutional quality. The empirical findings provide evidence that conventional institutional quality measured by: the time taken to enforce a contract, regulatory quality, the rule of law and government effectiveness; are inversely correlated with the lending by the banks, among other factors. Interestingly, our findings revealed that
East European Migrant Women in Greece. Intergenerational Cultural Knowledge Transfer and Adaptation in a Context of Crisis
Authors: Michail Domna , Christou Anastasia 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper draws on a larger oral history project entitled ‘Gendered Histories of Resilience and Resistance: East European Women’s Narratives of Mobility and Survival’, a narrative ethnography of Albanian, Bulgarian, Romanian, and Polish immigrant women living in Greece. The paper explores intergenerational cultural knowledge transfer and adaptation in a context of crisis with an analysis contextualised within the current crisis in Greece. We consider here the degree of uncertainty and the emotional challenges and constraints, but consider also the creativity and agency that participants display. Following on from that we aim to unravel the impact of ‘family and cultural values’ on migrants’ everyday lives in the diaspora.
The Greek ‘Forced Loan’ during the Second World War. Demand for Reparations or Restitution?
Authors: Kilian Jürgen 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In the wake of the discussions in the European Union about how to cope with Greek indebtedness, Greece has insisted on German repayment of the ‘Forced Loan’ (Zwangsanleihe) transacted during the Second World War. As yet, the legal and economic status of this financial transaction has not been clearly determined. Clarification in this regard would represent an important prerequisite for assessing the lawfulness of Greek claims. Instead, the lack of definition of the ‘Forced Loan’ has led to fierce arguments in the media; even in academic discourse, interpretation of the historical documents has been characterised by emotional opinions and rhetorical attacks. The author contributes to the discussion by offering in-depth insights into the historical context by considering sources that until now have received little to no attention.
Verfahren zum Abgleich von Gradiometern für medizinische Anwendungen
Authors: Heidary Dastjerdi Maral , Kanoun Olfa , Himmel Jörg 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die elektrischen Eigenschaften biologischen Gewebes enthalten
Informationen über dessen Art und Gesundheitszustand. Um diese
Eigenschaften, berührungsfrei und ohne Gewebeschädigung, zu erfassen,
beschäftigt sich eines der Forschungsfelder seit Jahrzehnten mit
magnetisch-induktiven Messtechniken, wie beispielsweise der
Gradiometrie. Gradiometer sind sehr gut zur Erfassung kleinster
Änderungen der elektrischen Eigenschaften von biologischem Gewebe
geeignet. Ihre Empfindlichkeit hängt jedoch sehr stark vom Grad der
Verstimmung ab, welche sich nicht einfach einstellen lässt. Im
aktuellen Stand der Forschung und Entwicklung wird daher auf SQUIDs,
einer supraleitenden Quanteninterferenzeinheit, zurückgegriffen, um
geringe Magnefeldänderungen sehr präzise zu erfassen. Diese sind
jedoch in Kühlung und Abschirmung sehr kostenaufwendig und schwierig
im Aufbau. Gegenstand dieser Veröffentlichung sind axiale Gradiometer
unterschiedlicher geometrischer Verstimmung. Versuchsergebnisse
zeigen, welchen Einfluss unterschiedliche Verstimmungen des
Gradiometers auf das Messsignal haben. Zudem wird ein Konzept
vorgestellt, das es erlaubt Gradiometer elektrisch einstellbar zu
machen.
Buenas prácticas para la selección de recursos educativos abiertos: experiencias del MOOC innovación educativa con REA
Authors: Acuña Sossa Mildred , Gil Rendón María Eugenia , Sandoval Poveda Alicia María 
Published: April 2016

El artículo expone la indagación acerca de los Recursos Educativos Abiertos (REA) con la colaboración interuniversitaria entre el Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, México, y la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica. Esta temática ha sido poco estudiada y ambas universidades se vieron en la necesidad de conocer cómo se realiza la selección de estos recursos. Asimismo, expresa las buenas prácticas de selección de REA utilizadas por los participantes en el curso Innovación Educativa con Recursos Abiertos que se facilitó mediante el formato Massive Open Online Course (MOOC por sus siglas en inglés) y así, formular recomendaciones que orienten su elección. Con una investigación exploratoria de tipo cualitativo se realizó una revisión de instrumentos de autoevaluación completados por los participantes, se generaron categorías para describir los aportes publicados en los foros del curso y las tareas que completaron los participantes con respecto al tema de REA. Se concluyó que lo habitual es hacer una valoración directa del recurso antes de usarlo o consultar con colegas o expertos en la materia para hacer una selección adecuada y útil para la práctica educativa. También se destacó que la búsqueda de estos recursos se realiza con la ayuda del navegador web Google, en las revistas digitales y las bases de datos institucionales. Además, se resalta la necesidad de un mejor manejo de los REA por parte de los participantes del curso, y de generar más habilidades para su búsqueda y selección.
El nivel educativo y socioeconómico del hogar y habilidades pre-lectoras en escuelas urbano y urbano-marginales de la provincia de Mendoza-Argentina
Authors: Canales Jara Yanina , Porta María Elsa 
Published: April 2016

En Argentina, las dificultades en la adquisición de la lectura se originan en diferencias lingüísticas asociadas al nivel sociocultural donde se desarrollan los niños. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar, en escolares de 4 y 5 años, la relación entre el nivel educativo y socioeconómico del hogar con habilidades lingüísticas precursoras de la lectura. Esta es una investigación de carácter cuantitativo y de profundidad comparativa. Se evaluaron 120 niños y niñas de salas de 4 y 5 años de Jardín de Infantes de escuelas urbanas (n= 60) y urbano-marginales (n= 60). El nivel socioeconómico del hogar y educativo de los padres se calculó a partir de datos de los registros escolares. En los niños y niñas se evaluó el nivel de vocabulario, conocimiento del nombre y sonido de la letra y conciencia fonológica. Se observó un efecto significativo de la zona sobre el nivel educativo de los padres y el socioeconómico. Se obtuvieron correlaciones positivas del nivel socioeconómico y educativo con el conocimiento del nombre y sonido de la letra. Ambas variables contextuales explicaron parte de la varianza en el conocimiento del nombre y sonido de las letras en niños y niñas de 4 años únicamente: 6% y 13% respectivamente. Los resultados sugieren que las variables contextuales influyen en el conocimiento alfabético pre-escolar que presentan los niños y las niñas y que la intervención pedagógica recibida en la escuela promueve el desarrollo de habilidades lingüísticas. Frente a contextos socioeconómicos heterogéneos, la educación escolar es una variable protectora que regula las desigualdades de orden social promoviendo el desarrollo de habilidades lingüísticas precursoras de la lectura al inicio de la escolaridad.
Stream fish fauna from the tributaries of the upper Itapetininga River, upper Paranapanema River basin, state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Cerqueira Vitor Loreno de Almeida , Carvalho Mauricio De Proença , Almeida Rodrigo Da Silva , Ferreira Fabio Cop , Cetra Mauricio , Smith Welber Senteio 
Published: April 2016

The study area, which is located in urban and rural areas within the upper Paranapanema River basin, is undergoing several types of anthropogenic and non-anthropogenic impacts, such as chemical alterations, habitat disruption, and biological invasions. The aim of this study is to describe the fish faunal composition from tributaries of the Itapetininga River, upper Paranapanema River basin, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Herein, we include a list of 49 fish species, belonging to seven orders, 19 families and 35 genera, captured from September 2009 to November 2013. Thus, the present study fills part of the knowledge gap about the fish fauna from tributaries of the Paranapanema basin by adding data from small tributaries not studied so far. Moreover, our findings can help inform future conservational and/or management strategies within the upper Paranapanema basin.
A CPL NA SOCIEDADE DO CONHECIMENTO
Authors: Ciancio Patrisia 
Published: April 2016

A demanda por uma infra-estutura online tem sido pensada pela Comunidade dos Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP), que registra preocupação com sua entrada na sociedade do conhecimento nas atas das reuniões de chefes de Estado, e seus desdobramentos, ocorridas a cada dois anos. No entanto, faltam projetos concretos a esta proposta. O enquadramento teórico da pesquisa que se apresenta está no terreno flutuante da Lusofonia, que em sua descontinuidade territorial e fragmentação se projeta em alternativas “tecnoculturais”. As missões colonizadoras pontilharam um trajeto invisível. Esfera que, de algum modo, persiste e pode ser restaurada na criação de comunidades virtuais com uso de novas tecnologias para refazer este percurso, agora em concepção inversa, que privilegia o mosaico cultural dos povos. Um círculo virtual que pede por ser também virtuoso. O objetivo é delimitar bases para uma proposta prática de criação de novos canais de interação. Para alcançar tais constatações, a metodologia empregada foi uma análise documental que verifica os debates ao redor da comunicação ao longo de dez anos (1996 a 2006) na CPLP.
Predicting Phosphorus Release from Anaerobic, Alkaline, Flooded Soils
Authors: Amarawansha Geethani , Kumaragamage Darshani , Flaten Don , Zvomuya Francis , Tenuta Mario 
Published: April 2016

Anaerobic conditions induced by prolonged flooding often lead to an enhanced release of phosphorus (P) to floodwater; however, this effect is not consistent across soils. This study aimed to develop an index to predict P release potential from alkaline soils under simulated flooded conditions. Twelve unamended or manure‐amended surface soils from Manitoba were analyzed for basic soil properties, Olsen P (Ols‐P), Mehlich‐3 extractable total P (M3PICP), Mehlich‐3 extractable molybdate‐reactive P (M3PMRP), water extractable P (WEP), soil P fractions, single‐point P sorption capacity (P150), and Mehlich‐3 extractable Ca (M3Ca), and Mg (M3Mg). Degree of P saturation (DPS) was calculated using Ols‐P, M3PICP or M3PMRP as the intensity factor, and an estimated adsorption maximum based on either P150 or M3Ca + M3Mg as the capacity factor. To develop the model, we used the previously reported floodwater dissolved reactive P (DRP) concentration changes during 8 wk of flooding for the same unamended and manured soils. Relative changes in floodwater DRP concentration (DRPratio), calculated as the ratio of maximum to initial DRP concentration, ranged from 2 to 15 across ten of the soils, but were ≤1.5 in the two soils with the greatest clay content. Partial least squares analysis indicated that DPS3 calculated using M3PICP as the intensity factor and (2 × P150) + M3PICP as the capacity factor with clay percentage can effectively predict DRPratio (r2 = 0.74). Results suggest that P release from a soil to floodwater may be predicted using simple and easily measurable soil properties measured before flooding, but validation with more soils is needed.Core Ideas
Phosphorus release from flooded soils to overlying water depended on soil properties.
Relative increase in floodwater DRP concentration could be predicted using the model.
Clay percentage and the degree of P saturation influenced P release from flooded soils.
Indtroduction To Research Methodologies In Language Studies
Authors: Muhartoyo Muhartoyo 
Published: April 2016

Penelitian bahasa merupakan bidang yang menarik bagi mahasiswa dan pengajar di Fakultas Sastra. Artikel ini mencoba menggambarkan berbagai metodologi riset dalam bidang bahasa dengan cara yang sederhana. Metodologi riset ini mencakup experimental research, quasi experimental research, etnografi, dan studi kasus. Artikel ini juga membahas konsep metode riset kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Masalah validitas dan keabsahan sebuah laporan riset dibahas secara singkat.
Similarities and Disparities of Ghosts in Eastern and Western Literature Based the Novels Liaozhai Zhiyi, Dracula, dan a Christamas Carol
Authors: Tjong Cendrawaty , Sunggiardi Raina Ophelia , Vania Vania 
Published: April 2016

Ghosts is one of life unexplained phenomena also interesting theme for entertainment and literature materials. Every nation have their own ghost literature that reflects the nation’s view on ghost itself. This article compares China’s Liaozhai Zhiyi, Western’s Dracula and A Christmas Carol as representations of both culture. The writer through desktop study method found that culture influenced and shaped ghost image in the mind of novel writer. This leads to different image of ghost in the two cultures. The results is: ghost in two cultures appear mostly in the night time, have different types and classifications, different physical images, different way of thinking and how to handle ghosts.
Analysis Zhang Ailing’s Novel (Red Rose And White Rose) Image Of The Characters And Story Plot
Authors: Yetty Yetty , Rosemary Rosemary 
Published: April 2016

Zhang Ailing is a heterogeneous novel writer in China literature’s history. Almost of her life, she already wrote so many literature’s works. One of her famous novel is (Red Rose and White Rose). The story is describe the image of main figure’s character and his emotional. Writer wants use the characterization, complexity of personality and story plot these three aspect to analysis the novel’s figure looks, figure character and the story. This novel story is a complication relationship between the man and two women, red roses as her lover and white rose as her wife. About a man that in his standard life and emotional condition occur some contradiction. Writer use reference material and theory of novel writing to analysis Zhang Ailing (Red Rose and White Rose)‘s novel. The result of this analisys are the most important part in novel’s story is not only about the story plot but also the describtion of figure looks and characterization. Zhang Ailing in (Red rose and white rose) descbribtion is very spesific, the story become so interesting because of the Complementary of the figure looks, figure characterization and story plot, embraced each other, fully reflects the fictional reality of compromise and frustration.
Saying I Know You – Conversational Analysis On Internet-Chatting By Dating Couples –
Authors: Chijiiwa Hiroaki 
Published: April 2016

In casual conversations, Japanese people do not refer to their intimacies saying “We are close this much.” It is difficult to create special scales for intimacies because the term of “Intimacy” is too abstract and vague. However, don’t Japanese people really scale their intimacies during their conversations? In this study, the researcher aimed to describe strategies of intimacies in Japanese using method of Conversational Analysis onto dating couple’s casual internet chat data and analyzed “how people show their intimacies to opponent through the conversations.” For conclusion we can say; Japanese people tend to say “I know you” in indirect way to emphasize the opponent’s “the illusion of transparency”.
Majas Eufimisme Dalam Kamigata Rakugo Karya Katsura Beicho
Authors: Novianti Nalti 
Published: April 2016

Euphimisme merupakan sebuah majas yang bertujuan untuk menghaluskan satu ucapan agar petutur tidak perlu mendengarkan kata-kata tabu atau kasar. Selain itu majas inipun bertujuan untuk memperkecil perasaan tidak nyaman petutur saat sedang melakukan tindak komunikasi. Artikel menjelaskan penelitian yang membahas masalah eufimisme melalui sebuah cerita humor Jepang, yaitu Rakugo karya Katsura Beichoo yang berjudul Aizo moyo. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui sejauh mana eufimisme dapat digunakan untuk menarik unsur humor dari cerita yang disajikan. Rakugo daerah Kansai atau sering disebut dengan Kamigata rakugo, ceritanya banyak dilatarbelakangi oleh budaya Kansai yang kental dengan budaya perdagangan. Osaka sejak dulu terkenal sebagai kota perdagangan yang diwarnai hubungan sosial yang vertikal, dengan tipisnya hubungan hierarki antara atasan dan bawahan. Sementara di daerah Tokyo hubungan sosial antar manusianya lebih ke arah hierarki tinggi yang mengusung ketat hubungan atasan dan bawahan. Karena itulah budaya Osaka lebih kental dengan berbagai problem manusia yang tidak mementingkan hierarki, dan justru itulah yang membuat budaya Osaka kaya akan warna, dan disebut dengan “Wahha Bunka“ atau budaya ketawa ala Osaka. Untuk meneliti eufimisme dalam unsur humor ini, penulis menggunakan teori relevansi dari Sperber dan Wilson (1991). Kemudian untuk menemukan unsur humornya digunakan teori Raskin (1996), yang didukung oleh Ross (1998).