bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of rye cultivars
Authors: Balážová Želmí­ra , Petrovičová Lenka , Gálová Zdenka , Vivodí­k Martin Vivodí­k 
Published: January 2016

The results of molecular analysis of 45 rye taxa (Secale cereale L.) represented by agricultural varieties originated from Central Europe and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (SUN) are presented. The genetic diversity of rye cultivars by 6 SSR markers was evaluated. Six specific microsatellite primer pairs produced 58 polymorphic alleles with an average of 9.7 alleles per locus. The number of alleles ranged from 6 (SCM2) to 14 (SCM86). Genetic polymorphism was characterized based on diversity index (DI), probability of identity (PI) and polymorphic information content (PIC). The diversity index (DI) of SSR markers ranged from 0.5478 (SCM2) to 0.887 (SCM86) with an average of 0.778. The lowest value of polymorphic information content was recorded for SCM2 (0.484) and the highest value for SCM86 (0.885) of PIC was detected in SCM86 with an average of 0.760.The dendrogram of genetic similarity was constructed, based on UPGMA algorithm. The hierarchical cluster analysis divided rye genotypes into 4 main clusters. The first cluster of 14 genotypes was subdivided in two subclusters (1a and 1b) where 50% of genotypes were Czechoslovak origin. The second cluster contained four genotypes were three (75%) of them had Czech or Czechoslovak origin. In the third subcluster separated three rye genotypes of different origin. The rest (24) of rye genotypes in the fourth cluster were divided into two subclusters (4a and 4b) where clearly separated group of Polish (4aa) and Czech and Czechoslovak (4ab) genotypes. Two genotypes of 4aa subcluster (Wojcieszyckie and Dankowskie Nowe) from Poland were genetically the closest. In the dendrogram alle genotypes were differentiated and clustering partially reflects geographic origin of studied rye genotypes. In this experiment, SSRs markers proved to be a high informative and usefull tool in genetic diversity research for the distinguishing and characterization of close related varieties.
Heavy metals determination in edible wild mushrooms growing in former mining area - Slovakia: Health risk assessment
Authors: Záhorcova Zuzana , Árvay Július , Hauptvogl Martin , Tomáš Ján , Harangozo Ľuboš 
Published: January 2016

The aim of the paper is to assess a contamination level of forest substrates and aboveground parts of edible wild mushroom (M. procera (Scop.) Singer, B. recitulatus Schaeff., C. cibarius Fr., S. grevillei (Klotzsch) Singer, A. campestris L., R. xerampelina (Schaeff.) Fr., L. salmonicolor R. Heim & Leclair, C. gibba (Pers. Ex Fr.) Kumm., X. chrysenteron (Bull.) Quél., M. oreades (Bolton) Fr.; n = 70) by heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn). The studied location was a broader surroundigs of the historical mining and metal processing area of Banská Bystrica. The collected mushroom samples and underlying substrate samples were analysed using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometry and Flame Absorption Spectrophotometry with graphite furnace. Bioaccumulation factors (BAF) for individual species and their anatomical parts were calculated from the results obtained. In order to assess a health risk resulting from regular consumption of the mushrooms, provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) was calculated from the results of the monitored heavy metal concentration. Limit values for the studied contaminants (Cd: 0.49 mg.kg-1 and Pb: 1.75 mg.kg-1 for an individual with an average weight of 70 kg) are defined by FAO and WHO. Our results indicate that S. grevillei has a high bioaccumulation ability of Cd. It was confirmed by bioaccumulation factors (BAFH = 3.47 and BAFRFB = 2.30). The PTWICd value was exceeded by 4.11 times. A similar situation occurred in the case of Pb where the highest bioaccumulation factor (BAFH = 0.24 and BAFRFB = 0.19) was also recorded in the samples of S. grevillei and the PTWIPb value was exceeded by 1.35 times. In general, it can be stated that a consumption of edible wild mushrooms represent a relatively small risk of negative impact on the health of consumers.
Antioxidant activity, phenolic content and colour of the Slovak cabernet sauvignon wines
Authors: Bajčan Daniel , Vollmannová Alena , Šimanský Vladimí­r , Bystrická Judita , Trebichalský Pavol , Július  Árvay Július  Árvay , Czako Peter 
Published: January 2016

Antioxidants are specific substances that oxidize themselves and in this way they protect other sensitive bioactive food components against destruction. At the same time, they restrict the activity of free radicals and change them to less active forms. Grapes and wine are a significant source of antioxidants in human nutrition. One of the most important group occuring in grapes and wines are polyphenols. Many of phenolic compounds have been reported to have multiple biological activities, including cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, antiviral and antibacterial properties attributed mainly to their antioxidant and antiradical activity. Therefore, it is important to know the content of polyphenols and their antioxidant effects in foods and beverages. Twenty-eight Cabernet Sauvignon wine samples, originated from different Slovak vineyard regions, were analyzed using spectrophotometry for the content of total polyphenols, content of total anthocyanins, antioxidant activity and wine colour density. Determined values of antioxidant activity in observed wines were within the interval 69.0 - 84.2% inhibition of DPPH (average value was 78.8% inhibition of DPPH) and total polyphenol content ranged from 1,218 to 3,444 mg gallic acid per liter (average content was 2,424 mg gallic acid.L-1). Determined total anthocyanin contents were from 68.6 to 430.7 mg.L-1 (average content was 220.6 mg.L-1) and values of wine colour density ranged from 0.756 to 2.782 (average value was 1.399). The statistical evaluation of the obtained results did not confirm any linear correlations between total polyphenol content, resp. total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity. The correlations between total polyphenol content and total anthocyanin content, resp. the content of total anthocyanins and wine colour density were strong. The results confirmed very strong correlations between wine colour density and total polyphenol content, resp. antioxidant activity.
The content of total polyphenols in different varieties of Solanum tuberosum grow in Spiš area
Authors: Volnová Beáta , Musilová Janette , Kopernická Miriama , Kavalcová Petra , Harangozo Ľuboš , Medvecký Michal 
Published: January 2016

Phenolic compounds are the predominant antioxidants in nutrition and their study is currently being paid much attention. These antioxidants act synergistically; polyphenol compounds protect vitamin C and β-carotene, which in turn helps to increase the effect of vitamin E. Potatoes are very popular vegetables in Slovakia, not only in terms that they are easy to prepare, but also by the fact that they combine the wholesomeness of cereals and delicacy and characteristic chemical composition of vegetables. It is important that they find their place in our diet. Nutritional value of potatoes is determined by the content of nutrients such as protein, starch, fat, minerals, and absence of toxins, as well as by a significant content of bioactive components from the group of polyphenols. The study was performed in order to analyse 7 Slovak potato varieties from Spiš area, according to biologically active compounds: such as polyphenols. The content of total polyphenols was determined by the method of Lachman et al., (2003). The lowest determined content of total polyphenol (mg.kg-1 dry matter) in locality Spišský Štvrtok was measured in a variety Victoria (795.05 mg.kg-1 dry matter) and the highest content of total polyphenols in locality Spišský Štvrtok was measured in variety Laura (1238.42 mg.kg-1 dry matter). In the locality Odorín was determine the lowest content of total polyphenols in variety Red Anna (974.09 mg.kg-1 dry matter) and the highest content of total polyphenols was determined in variety Laura (978.95 mg.kg-1 dry matter). Between all varieties in locality Spišský Štvrtok was confirmed the statistically significant difference in the influence of the variety in the contents of total polyphenols (mg.kg-1 DM). This varietal dependence was not appear in samples taken in the locality Odorín. The total polyphenols content of the potatoes can be influenced by other factors, for example locality. In this case, there were statistically significant differences in the content of total polyphenols in variety Laura obtained from two different localities.
Comparable efficiency of different extraction protocols for wheat and rye prolamins
Authors: Socha Peter , Tomka Marián , Kačmárová Kvetoslava , Lavová Blažena , Ivanišová Eva , Mickowska Barbara , Urminská Dana 
Published: January 2016

The identification and quantification of cereal storage proteins is of interest of many researchers. Their structural or functional properties are usually affected by the way how they are extracted. The efficiency of extraction process depends on the cereal source and working conditions. Here, we described various commonly used extraction protocols differing in the extraction conditions (pre-extraction of albumins/globulins, sequential extraction of individual protein fractions or co-extraction of gluten proteins, heating or non-heating, reducing or non-reducing conditions). The total protein content of all fractions extracted from commercially available wheat and rye flours was measured by the Bradford method. Tris-Tricine SDS-PAGE was used to determine the molecular weights of wheat gliadins, rye secalins and high-molecular weight glutelins which are the main triggering factors causing celiac disease. Moreover, we were able to distinguish individual subunits (α/β-, γ-, ω-gliadins and 40k-γ-, 75k-γ-, ω-secalins) of wheat/rye prolamins. Generally, modified extraction protocols against classical Osborne procedure were more effective and yields higher protein content in all protein fractions. Bradford measurement led into underestimation of results in three extraction procedures, while all protein fractions were clearly identified on SDS-PAGE gels. Co-extraction of gluten proteins resulted in appearance of both, low-molecular weight fractions (wheat gliadins and rye secalins) as well as high-molecular weight glutelins which means that is not necessary to extract gluten proteins separately. The two of three extraction protocols showed high technical reproducibility with coefficient of variation less than 20%. Carefully optimized extraction protocol can be advantageous for further analyses of cereal prolamins.
Bioaccumulation of cadmium by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and its effect on selected physiological and morphological parameters
Authors: Kopernická Miriama , Tomáš Ján , Tóth Tomáš , Harangozo Ľuboš , Volnová Beáta 
Published: January 2016

Heavy metals and other toxic elements in the environment, mainly located in soil and groundwater, have a significant effect on plant and its productivity that has a huge attention in recent years. Accumulation of heavy metals in soil cause toxicity to plants, and contaminate the food chain. The industrial areas, as well as developing countries have been contaminated with high concentration of heavy metals. Main sources of contamination are mining and other industrial processes, as well as military and or lanfills, sludge dumps or waste disposal sites. The heavy metals are very dangerous to environment and pose serious danger to public health by entering throught the food chain or into drinking water. Phytoextraction is one way how to remove the contaminants from soil by plants. Phytoextraction of heavy metals is a technology that has been studied for several years. It is more ecological and cheaper way how to clean our environment.Several plant species are known becauce they hyperaccumulate a high contents of metals from the soil. The accumulators are mainly herbaceous species, crops and nowadays angiosperm trees with a high growth such as poplars or willows. We have focused on the determination of some morphological (lenght and weight of roots and biomass) and physiological (contents of dry mass and number of lief stomata) characteristics and the determination of the bioaccumulation factor and the translocation factor of cadmium by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Imprints of leaves were evaluated using an optical microscope Axiostar Plus, Carl Zeiss, lens CP Achromat 40x/0.65, eyepiece PI 10x / 18, Canon Utilities Software Zoom Browser EX 4.6 and hardware Acer Travel Mate 4600, Canon Power Shot A95. The density of stomata was evaluated on an area of 1 mm2. Samples of the dried plants (leaves and roots) were mineralized by acid digestion using microwave digestion device MARS X - press 5. The end of determination to obtain the cadmium content was performed by atomic absorption spectrometer Varian 240 Z with GTA120 graphite furnace. The effect of contamination by cadmium to germination, length of leaves and number of stomata on abaxial side of leaf was confirmed. The contaminated soil by cadmium does not pose a risk of heavy metal entry into the feed and food chain by spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.).
Risk of contamination of wild berries from upper Orava region by cadmium
Authors: Zupka Stanislav , Vollmannová Alena , Harangozo Ľuboš , Slávik Marek , Medvecký Michal 
Published: January 2016

The upper Orava region is located at the North Slovakia, near of potential sources of environmental contamination due by mining of coal, zinc and lead ores. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of consumption of wild forest fruit from Upper Orava region from the aspect of cadmium content. Ten sampling points were found by random search. From these points samples of soil, leaves and fruits of wild berries (9 samples of blueberries Vaccinium Myrtillus and 1 sample of strawberries Fragaria Vesca) were collected. In soil samples the active soil reaction (pH/H2O) ranged from 3.53 (strong acidity) to 4.56 (extremly strong acidity), and the determined percentage of humus ranged from 1.66 (low humic soil) to 4.90 (high humic soil). In two soil samples the total content of cadmium determinated in soil extracts by aqua regia exceeded limit 0.70 mg.kg-1 given by the legislation in tne Slovak Republic. In three soil samples the determined content of cadmium mobile forms determined in soil extracts by NH4NO3 exceeded the limit 0.10 mg.kg-1. The content of Cd determined in leaves as well as in fruits was evaluated according to Food Codex of the Slovak Republic. Only in one sample of leaf samples the limit 1.00 mg.kg-1 was exceeded. The other leaf samples are safely when used as an ingredient in tea mixtures. On the other hand even in 7 fruit samples the limit 0.05 mg.kg-1 was exceeded. This fruit can pose a risk for the human organism when is directly consumed as well as may negatively affect the human health when is used as raw materials in the food industry.
Microbiological quality of chicken thighs meat after four essential oils combination, EDTA and vaccum packing
Authors: Kačániová Miroslava , Terentjeva Margarita , Puchalski Czeslaw , Petrová Jana , Hutková Jana , Kántor Attila , Mellen Martin , Čuboň Juraj , Haščí­k Peter , Kluz Maciej , Kordiaka Rafal , Kunová Simona 
Published: January 2016

The aim of the present work to monitoring chicken the microbiological quality of vaccum packaged thighs after treatment by ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), anise (Pimpinella anisum), spearmint (Mentha spicata var. crispa), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) essential oils and stored in at 4 ±0.5 °C for a period of 16 days. The following treatments of chicken thighs were used: air-packaged control samples, control vacuum-packaged samples, vacuum-packaging with EDTA solution 1.5% w/w, control samples, vacuum-packaging after treatment with Pimpinella anisum, Mentha spicata var. crispa essential oil at concentrations 0.2% v/w, vacuum-packaging after treatment with Thymus vulgaris L., Origanum vulgare L. essential oil at concentration 0.2% v/w. The quality assessment of all samples was done microbiologically and following microbiological parameters were detected: the anaerobic plate count, Enterobacteraceae counts, lactic acid bacteria and Pseudomonas spp. counts. The number of anaerobic plate count ranged from 3.69 log CFU.g-1 in all tested group on 0 day to 5.68 log CFU.g-1 on 16 day in control group stored in air condition. The number of lactic acid bacteria ranged from 2.00 log CFU.g-1 in all tested group on 0 day to 4.82 log CFU.g-1 on 16 day in group with oregano, thyme essential oils combination. Enterobacteriacea counts in chicken thighs was 0.68 log CFU.g-1 on 0 day to 7.58 CFU.g-1 on 16 day in air-packed meat samples. The Pseudomonas spp. was not found in all tested samples. Among the antimicrobial combination treatments examined in this work, the as application of vacuum packaging, EDTA and essential oils treatment was the most effective against the growth of Enterobactericeae, inhibitory effect on anaerobic plate count also was observed. The results of this present study suggest the possibility of application the Pimpinella anisum, Mentha spicata var. crispa, Thymus vulgaris L., Origanum vulgare L. essential oil of as natural food preservatives and potential sources of antimicrobial ingredients for food industry for chicken thighs meat treatment.
Evaluation of carotenoids, polyphenols content and antioxidant activity in the sea buckthorn fruit
Authors: Mendelová Andrea , Mendel Ľubomí­r , Czako Peter , Mareček Ján 
Published: January 2016

Due to the content of biologically active substances, sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) has become the object of great interest of both, experts and the general public. It is appreciated particularly for the high content of vitamins and other biologically active substances, not only in berries but also in leaves and bark. The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of sea buckthorn juice prepared from different varieties of sea buckthorn based on the content of total carotenoids, polyphenols and antioxidant activity. In this study we used varieties Hergo, Tytti, Vitaminaja, Raisa, Askola, Dorana, Slovan, Leikora, Bojan, Terhi and Masličnaja. Content of different components was quantified using spectrophotometry. The total carotenoids content expressed as β-carotene content in juice ranged from 50.63 mg.100 g-1 DM to 93.63 mg.100 g-1 DM, the highest content was in variety Askola and the lowest one in Terhi. Total polyphenols content determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method ranged from 13.03 mg GAE. dm-3 DM to 25.35 mg GAE. dm-3 DM. The highest content was identified in juice of variety Dorana and the lowest one in Raisa. The antioxidant activity quantified by the FOMO method ranges from 45.11 g AA. dm-3 DM to 108.77 g AA. dm-3 DM. The highest antioxidant activity was determined in juice of Dorana and the lowest in variety Bojan
Indicience of bacteria nad antibacterial activity of selected types of tea
Authors: Hutková Jana , Kántor Attila , Terentjeva Margarita , Petrová Jana , Puchalski Czeslaw , Kluz Maciej , Kordiaka Rafal , Kunová Simona , Kačániová Miroslava 
Published: January 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine in vitro antibacterial activity of selected teas (Assam: Indian black tea from Camellia sinensis, Pu-erh: darkpu-erh (shu) from Camellia sinensis, Sencha: Japanese green tea from Camellia sinensis) against five species of pathogenic microorganisms. In our study, we determined the total viable count (TVC), yeasts (Y) andEnterobacteriaceae counts (E). MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper was used for identification of colonies after cultivation. Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity was performed by disc diffusion method, well diffusion method and detection of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). For antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli CCM 2024, Yersinia enterocolitica CCM 5671, Klebsiella pneumonie CCM 2318, Staphylococus aureus CCM 2461 and Bacillus thurigiensis CCM19 were detected. The inhibition zones were measured in mm in disc diffusion method and well diffusion method. The MIC of the individual extracts was measured spectrophotometrically. The high number of total viable count was found in Pu-erh tea (2.1 log CFU.g-1) and lowest number was found in Assam tea (0.7 log CFU.g-1). The high number of Enterobacteriacea was found in Pu-erh tea (2.03 log CFU.g-1) and lowest in Assam tea (0 log CFU.g-1). The higher number of yeasts was found in Pu-erh tea (1.83 log CFU.g-1) and lowest in Assam tea (0.3 log CFU.g-1). Mass spectrometry revealed the presence of seven Gram positive bacteria Bacillus cereus, B. mycoides, B. pumilus, Enterococcus durans, Staphylococcus epidermis, S. hominis, S. warneri, four Gram negative bacteriaAcinetobacter junii, Hafnia alvei, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Sphingomonas spp. and two yeast - Candida glabrata, Cryptococcus albidus. The results show that certain tea extracts are particularly active against various pathogenic bacteria. Tea extracts (Sencha, Rooibos, Mate, Assam) were found to have the strongest antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus CCM 2461.
Colonization of grapes berries by Alternaria sp. and their ability to produce mycotoxins
Authors: Tančinová Dana , Mašková Zuzana , Rybárik Ľubomí­r , Felšöciová Soňa , Cí­sarová Miroslava 
Published: January 2016

Our research focused on identify the Alternaria species from grapes (surface sterilized berries and non-surface sterilized berries) of Slovak origin and characterize their toxinogenic potential in in vitro conditions. We analyzed 47 samples of grapes, harvested in years 2011, 2012 and 2013 from various wine-growing regions. For the isolation of species, the method of direct plating berries and surface-sterilized berries (using 1 % freshly pre-pared chlorine) on DRBC (Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol agar) was used. For each analysis was used 50 berries. Only undamaged berries have been used for analysis. The cultivation was carried at 25 ±1°C, for 5 to 7 days in dark. After incubation, the colonies of Alternaria were transferred on PCA - potato-carrot agar and CYA - Czapek-yeast extract agar and cultured for 7 days at room temperature and natural light. A total 4 species-groups of the genus Alternaria were isolated from grapes berries: Alternaria alternata (1369 isolates), Alternaria arborescens (734 isolates), Alternaria infectoria (143 isolates), and Alternaria tenuissima (3579 isolates). According to European Union legislation mycotoxins produced by species genus Alternaria are not monitored in foods and food commodities. Mycotoxins such as alternariol and alternariol monomethylether are mutagenic and genotoxic in various in vitro systems. Selected strains were tested for production of altenuene, alternariol monomethylether and alternariol. In neither case of A. infectoria species-group isolates was confirmed the production of tested mycotoxins in in vitro conditions by TLC method. The ability to produce altenuene, alternariol monomethylether and alternariol in in vitro conditions was detected in isolates of Alternaria alternata, Alternaria arborescens and Alternaria tenuissima species-groups. Isolates of Alternaria alternata species-group (44 tested isolates) were able to produce altenuene (24 isolates), alternariol monomethyleter (42 isolates) and alternariol (43 isolates). Only one isolate did not produce any mycotoxins. Isolates of Alternaria arborescens species-group (38 tested isolates) were able to produce altenuene (24 isolates), alternariol monomethyleter (33 isolates) and alternariol (36 isolates). Only two isolates did not produce any mycotoxins. Isolates of Alternaria tenuissima species-group (87 tested isolates) were able to produce altenuene (42 isolates), alternariol monomethyleter (41 isolates) and alternariol (73 isolates). Thirteen isolates did not produce any mycotoxins.