bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anger and depressive ruminations as predictors of dysregulated behaviours in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Martino Francesca , Caselli Gabriele , Di Tommaso Jessica , Sassaroli Sandra , Spada Marcantonio M. , Valenti Barbara , Berardi Domenico , Sasdelli Anna , Menchetti Marco 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAnger and depressive ruminations have recently received empirical attention as processes related to borderline personality disorder (BPD). The Emotional Cascade Model (Selby, Anestis, & Joiner, 2008) suggests that negative affect (such as anger and sadness) may trigger rumination, which in turn may increase the duration and extent of negative affect, leading to dysregulated behaviours aimed at reducing such intense and unpleasant emotions.AimThe aim of this study is to explore the relationships between emotional dysregulation, anger and depressive ruminations, and their role in predicting dysregulated behaviours (such as aggression and self‐harm) in a clinical sample of patients with BPD.MethodsNinety‐one patients with a diagnosis of BPD were recruited from three outpatient community mental health centres and asked to complete a comprehensive assessment for personality disorder symptoms, emotion dysregulation, anger and depressive ruminations, aggression, and self‐harm.ResultsAnger and depressive ruminations were found to be significantly associated to, respectively, self‐harm and aggression, beyond the variance accounted by emotional dysregulation.ConclusionsRumination may act as a mediator between emotional dysregulation and dysregulated behaviours in BPD. Future research should examine whether clinical techniques aimed at reducing rumination may be helpful in reducing dysregulated behaviours in patients with BPD.
Variation in reproductive isolation across a species range
Authors: Barnard‐Kubow Karen B. , Galloway Laura F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractReproductive isolation is often variable within species, a phenomenon that while largely ignored by speciation studies, can be leveraged to gain insight into the potential mechanisms driving the evolution of genetic incompatibilities. We used experimental greenhouse crosses to characterize patterns of reproductive isolation among three divergent genetic lineages of Campanulastrum americanum that occur in close geographic proximity in the Appalachian Mountains. Substantial, asymmetrical reproductive isolation for survival due to cytonuclear incompatibility was found among the lineages (up to 94% reduction). Moderate reductions in pollen viability, as well as cytoplasmic male sterility, were also found between some Mountain populations. We then compared these results to previously established patterns of reproductive isolation between these Mountain lineages and a fourth, widespread Western lineage to fully characterize reproductive isolation across the complete geographic and genetic range of C. americanum. Reproductive isolation for survival and pollen viability was consistent across studies, indicating the evolution of the underlying genetic incompatibilities is primarily determined by intrinsic factors. In contrast, reproductive isolation for germination was only found when crossing Mountain populations with the Western lineage, suggesting the underlying genetic incompatibility is likely influenced by environmental or demographic differences between the two lineages. Cytoplasmic male sterility was also limited in occurrence, being restricted to a handful of Mountain populations in a narrow geographic range. These findings illustrate the complexity of speciation by demonstrating multiple, independent genetic incompatibilities that lead to a mosaic of genetic divergence and reproductive isolation across a species range.
Climate drives phenological reassembly of a mountain wildflower meadow community
Authors: Theobald Elli J. , Breckheimer Ian , HilleRisLambers Janneke 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSpatial community reassembly driven by changes in species abundances or habitat occupancy is a well‐documented response to anthropogenic global change, but communities can also reassemble temporally if the environment drives differential shifts in the timing of life events across community members. Much like spatial community reassembly, temporal reassembly could be particularly important when critical species interactions are temporally concentrated (e.g., plant‐pollinator dynamics during flowering). Previous studies have documented species‐specific shifts in phenology driven by climate change, implying that temporal reassembly, a process we term “phenological reassembly,” is likely. However, few studies have documented changes in the temporal co‐occurrence of community members driven by environmental change, likely because few datasets of entire communities exist. We addressed this gap by quantifying the relationship between flowering phenology and climate for 48 co‐occurring subalpine wildflower species at Mount Rainier (Washington, USA) in a large network of plots distributed across Mt. Rainier's steep environmental gradients; large spatio‐temporal variability in climate over the 6 yr of our study (including the earliest and latest snowmelt year on record) provided robust estimates of climate‐phenology relationships for individual species. We used these relationships to examine changes to community co‐flowering composition driven by ‘climate change analog’ conditions experienced at our sites in 2015. We found that both the timing and duration of flowering of focal species was strongly sensitive to multiple climatic factors (snowmelt, temperature, and soil moisture). Some consistent responses emerged, including earlier snowmelt and warmer growing seasons driving flowering phenology earlier for all focal species. However, variation among species in their phenological sensitivities to these climate drivers was large enough that phenological reassembly occurred in the climate change analog conditions of 2015. An unexpected driver of phenological reassembly was fine‐scale variation in the direction and magnitude of climatic change, causing phenological reassembly to be most apparent early and late in the season and in topographic locations where snow duration was shortest (i.e., at low elevations and on ridges in the landscape). Because phenological reassembly may have implications for many types of ecological interactions, failing to monitor community‐level repercussions of species‐specific phenological shifts could underestimate climate change impacts.
Rationale of the FIBROTARGETS study designed to identify novel biomarkers of myocardial fibrosis
Authors: Ferreira João Pedro , Machu Jean‐Loup , Girerd Nicolas , Jaisser Frederic , Thum Thomas , Butler Javed , González Arantxa , Diez Javier , Heymans Stephane , McDonald Kenneth , Gyöngyösi Mariann , Firat Hueseyin , Rossignol Patrick , Pizard Anne , Zannad Faiez 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimsMyocardial fibrosis alters the cardiac architecture favouring the development of cardiac dysfunction, including arrhythmias and heart failure. Reducing myocardial fibrosis may improve outcomes through the targeted diagnosis and treatment of emerging fibrotic pathways. The European‐Commission‐funded ‘FIBROTARGETS’ is a multinational academic and industrial consortium with the main aims of (i) characterizing novel key mechanistic pathways involved in the metabolism of fibrillary collagen that may serve as biotargets, (ii) evaluating the potential anti‐fibrotic properties of novel or repurposed molecules interfering with the newly identified biotargets, and (iii) characterizing bioprofiles based on distinct mechanistic phenotypes involving the aforementioned biotargets. These pathways will be explored by performing a systematic and collaborative search for mechanisms and targets of myocardial fibrosis. These mechanisms will then be translated into individualized diagnostic tools and specific therapeutic pharmacological options for heart failure.Methods and resultsThe FIBROTARGETS consortium has merged data from 12 patient cohorts in a common database available to individual consortium partners. The database consists of >12 000 patients with a large spectrum of cardiovascular clinical phenotypes. It integrates community‐based population cohorts, cardiovascular risk cohorts, and heart failure cohorts.ConclusionsThe FIBROTARGETS biomarker programme is aimed at exploring fibrotic pathways allowing the bioprofiling of patients into specific ‘fibrotic’ phenotypes and identifying new therapeutic targets that will potentially enable the development of novel and tailored anti‐fibrotic therapies for heart failure.
Influence of Porosity on Product Distribution over Co/H‐ZSM‐22 Catalysts in the Upgrading of Palmitic Acid
Authors: Liu Mingjuan , Shi Yanchun , Bi Yunfei , Xing Enhui , Wu Yulong , Huang Shaobin , Yang Mingde 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe catalytic conversion of palmitic acid was studied over Co/SiO2, H‐ZSM‐22 (HZ‐22), Co/H‐ZSM‐22 (Co/HZ‐22), mesoporous H‐ZSM‐22 (HZP‐22), and Co/H‐ZSM‐22 (Co/HZP‐22) catalysts. For the bifunctional catalysts, on the one hand, the porosity of zeolitic supports provided uniform accommodation for Co particles to realize the good distribution and downsizing of metal particles; on the other hand, the impregnation of Co into zeolitic supports improved the acidity of bifunctional catalysts that presented more weak/strong acid sites and stronger acid strength. Compared to sole metal centers over Co/SiO2 (no isomerization), the hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization of palmitic acid were achieved simultaneously over bifunctional Co/HZ‐22 and Co/HZP‐22 catalysts (4 wt % Co loading) in one step. Mesoporous Co/HZP‐22 possessed an excellent catalytic performance during the upgrading of palmitic acid to yield the highest amount of iso‐alkanes. Importantly, the metal/zeolite bifunctional catalysts tailored the deoxygenation route significantly from hydrodecarbonylation (major) over sole metal catalysts or zeolites (only metal centers and only acid sites) to the hydrodeoxygenation route (major) over Co/zeolite bifunctional catalysts (both metal centers and acid sites).
A Simple Metric for Predicting Revenue from Electric Peak‐Shaving and Optimal Battery Sizing
Authors: Fisher Michael , Whitacre Jay , Apt Jay 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA major use case for behind‐the‐meter (BTM) electricity storage is peak‐shaving for commercial and industrial customers who must pay peak‐demand charges. Quantifying the value proposition for individual customers currently requires an optimization model, the development of which can be costly in human and computing resources. We disclose here a simple econometric model to predict revenue from retail peak‐shaving. Geared toward electric utilities, third‐party storage providers, and consumers, this model eliminates the need to formulate a model in specialized optimization software. The model is based on a predictive metric that is derived from the building's load profile. During model fitting, we discovered that the revenue estimates generated are independent of the power capacity of the battery if the maximum power‐to‐energy ratio of the storage is held constant. This effect can be used to calculate the profit‐maximizing storage size, which we explore in a case study.
High-resolution mass spectrometry of skin mucus for monitoring physiological impacts and contaminant biotransformation products in fathead minnows exposed to wastewater effluent
Authors: Mosley Jonathan D. , Ekman Drew R. , Cavallin Jenna E. , Villeneuve Daniel L. , Ankley Gerald T. , Collette Timothy W. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

High-resolution mass spectrometry is advantageous for monitoring physiological impacts and contaminant biotransformation products in fish exposed to complex wastewater effluent. We evaluated this technique using skin mucus from male and female fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to control water or treated wastewater effluent at 5, 20, and 100% levels for 21 d, using an on-site, flow-through system providing real-time exposure. Both sex-specific and non-sex–specific responses were observed in the mucus metabolome, the latter suggesting the induction of general compensatory pathways for xenobiotic exposures. Altogether, 85 statistically significant treatment-dependent metabolite changes were observed out of the 310 total endogenous metabolites that were detected (156 of the 310 were annotated). Partial least squares-regression models revealed strong covariances between the mucus metabolomes and up-regulated hepatic messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) transcripts reported previously for these same fish. These regression models suggest that mucus metabolomic changes reflected, in part, processes by which the fish biotransformed xenobiotics in the effluent. In keeping with this observation, we detected a phase II transformation product of bisphenol A in the skin mucus of male fish. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the utility of mucus as a minimally invasive matrix for simultaneously assessing exposures and effects of environmentally relevant mixtures of contaminants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:788–796. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Abstract
Xenobiotic transformation pathways may be impacted by the exposure of fathead minnows to treated wastewater effluent, as reflected in fish skin mucus measured with high resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and identified in part with the mummichog program. Subsequent data mining resulted in the discovery of a phase II transformation product of bisphenol A in the skin mucus of male fish.
Intrathyroidal carotid artery and nonrecurring right recurrent laryngeal nerve: A case report
Authors: Baker Aaron , Cottrill Elizabeth E. , Munizza Olivia , McGillen Kathryn , McKinnon Tyler , Goldenberg David 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundWhen performing thyroidectomy, knowledge of normal anatomy and variants is vital to avoid injuring nearby structures. Typically, the bilateral carotids course posterolateral to the thyroid gland. We describe a rare variant of an intrathyroidal carotid artery, not previously described in the literature.MethodsA 23‐year‐old woman with a strong family history of thyroid cancer presented with a left thyroid nodule, and a fine‐needle aspiration biopsy revealing papillary thyroid carcinoma. She underwent total thyroidectomy.ResultsIntraoperatively, the carotid was found coursing centrally through the right lobe parenchyma, associated with an ipsilateral nonrecurrent recurrent laryngeal nerve (NRLN) entering the cricothyroid joint superolaterally.ConclusionThis is, to our knowledge, the first report of such an anatomic variant in the medical literature. Aberrant carotid artery anatomy may potentially cause life‐threatening surgical complications and should be considered preoperatively. Furthermore, recognition of concurrent recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) anomalies with vascular variations allows identification of nonrecurrent nerves.
Too many and too few: The paradoxical case of physicians in the Russian Federation
Authors: Gerry Christopher J. , Sheiman Igor 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThere is a paradox characterising the Russian health workforce. By international standards, Russia has a very high number of physicians per capita but at the same time is confronted by chronic real shortages of qualified physicians. This paper explores the reasons for this paradox by examining the structural characteristics of health workforce development in the context of the Soviet legacy and the comparative performance of other European countries. The paper uses data on comparative health workforce dynamics to argue that Russia is a European laggard, before then evaluating recent and current policies within that context. The health workforce challenges facing all low‐ and middle‐income countries are acute, and this paper confirms this IS the case for Russia—Europe's largest country. The paper argues that the physician shortage is driven by the model of health workforce development inherited from the Soviet period, with its emphasis on quantitative rather than structural indicators. We find that, in contrast to most European Union countries, Russia's stalled reform process leaves it facing a chronic shortage of appropriately trained physicians. We document the costs of failed and slow reforms during the last 2 decades, while cautiously welcoming some recent policy initiatives.
SNP mutations occurring in thyroid hormone receptor influenced individual susceptibility to triiodothyronine: Molecular dynamics and site‐directed mutagenesis approaches
Authors: Liu Yaquan , Qu Kaili , Hai Ying , Li Xin , Zhao Lei , Zhao Chunyan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe increasing evidences have suggested that expression of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) coded thyroid hormone receptors (THR) generally are associated with individual susceptibility to chemicals. In the present research, multiple molecular dynamics simulations on four SNP mutants (G332R, T337Δ, G345R, and G347E) were performed to investigate the structural and dynamical altering, which could lead to a binding capability variation to triiodothyronine (T3). It proved the structures of two SNP mutants (G345R and T337Δ) occurring in the THR proteins had experienced conformational change to a great extend, which also led to a significant decreasing in binding ability with T3. In addition, two mutates (G345R and G347E) and wild type THR proteins were expressed and purified based on site‐directed mutagenesis technology to test their binding abilities with T3 by fluorescence experiments. The fluorescence quenching efficiencies of two mutates displayed that the conjugation with T3 decreased with a significant rate in G345R system and a little rate in G347E system compared with its wild type. It was consistent with the molecular dynamic research that the SNP mutations did change structures of THR protein, and thereby decreased the binding behavior of T3 at different extent. The overall molecular‐level look at the protein structure may provide the structural basis to explain how one amino acid change can create a ripple effect on the protein structures and eventually affect the binding affinity of the ligands, which maybe the first stage to understand how SNP mutation results in individual difference in susceptibility to variant chemicals.
Surfactant‐assisted electromembrane extraction combined with cyclodextrin‐modified capillary electrophoresis for the separation and quantification of Tranylcypromine enantiomers in biological samples
Authors: Fakhari Ali Reza , Mohammadi Kosalar Hasan , Asadi Sajad , Hasheminasab Kobra Sadat 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSurfactant‐assisted electromembrane extraction coupled with cyclodextrin‐modified capillary electrophoresis was developed for the separation and determination of Tranylcypromine enantiomers in biological samples. This combination would provide a new strategy for selective and sensitive determination of target analytes. The addition of surfactant in the donor solution improved the analyte transport into the lumen of hollow fiber that resulted in an enhancement in the analytes migration into acceptor solution. Optimization of the variables, affecting proposed method, was carried out and best results were achieved with a 175 V potential as driving force of the electromembrane extraction, 2‐nitrophenyloctylether as the supported liquid membrane, donor solution containing 0.2 mM Triton X‐100 with pH 3 and 0.1 M HCl for acceptor solution. Then, the extract was analyzed using cyclodextrin‐modified capillary electrophoresis method for separation of Tranylcypromine enantiomers. The best results were obtained with a phosphate running buffer (100 mM, pH 2.0) containing 7% w/v hydroxypropyl‐α‐cyclodextrin. Under the optimum conditions, a low limit of detection (3.03 ng/mL), good linearity (R2 > 0.9953), and relative standard deviations below 4.0% (n = 5) were obtained. Finally, this procedure was applied to determine the concentration of Tranylcypromine enantiomers in urine samples with satisfactory results.
Characterization of ancient lipids in prehistoric organic residues: Chemical evidence of livestock‐pens in rock‐shelters since early neolithic to bronze age
Authors: Gea Jaime , Sampedro María Carmen , Vallejo Asier , Polo‐Díaz Ana , Goicolea M. Aranzazu , Fernández‐Eraso Javier , Barrio Ramón J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe characterization of ancient lipids from prehistoric sediments (fumiers) located in a rock‐selter has been possible after the optimization of an analytical method based on the microwave‐assisted extraction and solid‐phase extraction clean‐up step and a final derivatization step followed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. Eight sterols and two bile acids were detected just in the partially burned and unburned layers of the fumiers (animal organic residues deriving from manure/dung). The relationship between some of these compounds can be used to distinguish the biogenic origin of the samples, concluding that these strata (from Early Neolithic to Late Chalcolithic/Early Bronze Age) can be classified as ruminant residues. Three main periods of activity are observed over a period of 2000 years: one from 3990 ± 40 before present (4530–4410 calibrated before present) to 4100 ± 40 before present (4820–4750/4730–4510/4470–4450 calibrated before present), the second from 4470 ± 40 before present (5300–4970 calibrated before present) to 5490 ± 30 before present (6310–6275/6230–6220 calibrated before present) and the third from 5880 ± 30 before present (6775–6765/6750–6645 calibrated before present) to 6010 ± 30 before present (6940–6780/6765–6755 calibrated before present). Chemical data obtained are in concordance with the previous results obtained in the area.
Chicken thigh microvascular training model improves resident surgical skills
Authors: Creighton Francis X. , Feng Allen L. , Goyal Neerav , Emerick Kevin , Deschler Daniel 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesMicrosurgical techniques are essential for vessel anastomosis in free flap reconstructive surgery. However, teaching these skills intraoperatively is difficult. The chicken thigh microvascular model is a high‐fidelity model that has been previously validated to differentiate between skill levels of surgeons. This study aims to determine if this model objectively improves microsurgical skills.Study DesignValidation studyMethodsThirteen residents were given a tutorial on microvascular anastomosis and asked to perform anastomoses on the microvascular model. Anastomoses were video‐recorded and the time required for trainees to complete the first stitch of their first anastomosis was compared to the time required for the first stitch of their last anastomosis. Comparison of first and last stitch times was completed using a paired student t‐test. All participants completed a survey regarding their experience with the simulator.ResultsThere was a statistically significant decrease between the time required for the first stitch (235 s, 95%CI 198–272 s) compared to last stitch (120 s, 95%CI 92–149 s), and an average 48.7% (115 s) decrease in time (p < 0.001). Junior (PGY 2/3) and senior (PGY 4/5) residents had similar decreases in time, 49.1% and 48.21%, respectively. One hundred percent of residents felt they improved during the session and 92% of residents agreed or strongly agreed that their final stitch was better than their last stitch. All residents agreed or strongly agreed that the simulation is realistic, effective in teaching the procedure, and would translate to improved intraoperative performance.ConclusionsThe chicken thigh model demonstrates objective improvements in resident microvascular surgical skills.Level of EvidenceNA