bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size‐Dependent Piezoelectric Properties of Electrospun BaTiO3 for Enhanced Energy Harvesting
Authors: Shirazi Paymon , Ico Gerardo , Anderson Christopher S. , Ma Meghann C. , Kim Bum Sung , Nam Jin , Myung Nosang V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this study, electrospinning is used to fabricate a nanofibrous structured mixture of barium and titanium precursors dissolved in poly(vinylpyrrolidone). Two separate experimental designs are conducted to optimize the reduction of fiber diameter with minimum defects. The first focuses on the optimization of the solution properties and electrospinning parameters. The second is employed to optimize environmental conditions to further reduce the fiber diameter. Morphological analysis shows a minimum average fiber diameter of 77 ± 15 nm with minimal beading. The as‐spun nanofibers are subsequently calcinated to produce barium titanate nanofibers with an average diameter of 45 ± 9 nm. As expected, the average grain size increases as the heat treatment duration increases. Piezoresponse force microscopy reveals that the fiber diameter is inversely related to the d33 piezoelectric coefficient. Individual crystallites of 25 nm in size along the axis of the 48 nm fiber exhibit d33 coefficients as high as 76 pm V−1. A flexible piezoelectric device composed of nanofibers with an average diameter of 45 nm embedded within polydimethylsiloxane produces a maximum voltage and power output of 7.94 Vp–p and 1.95 µW cm−2, respectively, at a load resistance of 3.33 MΩ and a strain of 0.16%.
Infanticide in chimpanzees: Taphonomic case studies from Gombe
Authors: Kirchhoff Claire A. , Wilson Michael L. , Mjungu Deus C. , Raphael Jane , Kamenya Shadrack , Collins D. Anthony 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesWe present a study of skeletal damage to four chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) infanticide victims from Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Skeletal analysis may provide insight into the adaptive significance of infanticide by examining whether nutritional benefits sufficiently explain infanticidal behavior. The nutritional hypothesis would be supported if bone survivorship rates and skeletal damage patterns are comparable to those of monkey prey. If not, other explanations, such as the resource competition hypothesis, should be considered.MethodsTaphonomic assessment of two chimpanzee infants included description of breakage and surface modification, data on MNE, %MNE, and bone survivorship. Two additional infants were assessed qualitatively. The data were compared to published information on monkey prey. We also undertook a review of published infanticide cases.ResultsThe cases were intercommunity infanticides (one male and three female infants) committed by males. Attackers partially consumed two of the victims. Damage to all four infants included puncture marks and compression fractures to the cranium, crenulated breaks to long bones, and incipient fractures on ribs. Compared to monkey prey, the chimpanzee infants had an abundance of vertebrae and hand/foot bones.ConclusionsThe cases described here suggest that chimpanzees may not always completely consume infanticide victims, while reports on chimpanzee predation indicated that complete consumption of monkey prey usually occurred. Infanticidal chimpanzees undoubtedly gain nutritional benefits when they consume dead infants, but this benefit may not sufficiently explain infanticide in this species. Continued study of infanticidal and hunting behavior, including skeletal analysis, is likely to be of interest.
Stable isotope analysis of a pre‐Hispanic Andean community: Reconstructing pre‐Wari and Wari era diets in the hinterland of the Wari empire, Peru
Authors: Tung Tiffiny A. , Knudson Kelly J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesStable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis is used to reconstruct diet among a pre‐Hispanic population from the Peruvian Andes to evaluate whether local foodways changed with Wari imperial influence in the region. This study also compares local diet to other Wari‐era sites.Materials and methodsSamples derive from the site of Beringa in Peru and correspond primarily to pre‐Wari (200–600 CE) and Wari (600–1,000 CE). We examine stable carbon isotopes from enamel (n = 29) and bone apatite (n = 22), and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes from bone collagen (n = 29), and we present stable carbon and nitrogen isotope data on archaeological and modern fauna (n = 37) and plants (n = 19) from the region.ResultsThere were no significant differences in either δ13C or δ15N from the pre‐Wari to Wari era, indicating that those measurable aspects of diet did not change with Wari influence. There were no sex‐based differences among juveniles (as inferred from δ13C from enamel carbonates) nor among adults (based on δ13C and δ15N from adult bone collagen). Comparisons to other Wari era sites show that Beringa individuals exhibited significantly lower δ13C values, suggesting that they consumed significantly less maize, a socially valued food. Further, the Froehle et al. (2012) stable isotope model suggests that the majority of the Beringa individuals consumed more C3 than C4 plants, and dietary protein was derived primarily from terrestrial animals and some marine resources.ConclusionsThe similar diets from pre‐Wari to Wari times hint at strong local dietary traditions and durable food trade networks during the period of Wari imperial influence. The presence of limited marine foods in the diet suggests a trade network with coastal groups or sojourns to the coast to gather marine resources.
Synthesis of Pyrrole‐Fused Corannulenes: 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides to Corannulene
Authors: Tokimaru Yuki , Ito Shingo , Nozaki Kyoko 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the long history of corannulene chemistry, the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition to corannulene is unprecedented. Reported herein is the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of a polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylide to corannulene, a reaction which occurs exclusively at the rim bond of corannulene, from the convex side in an exo fashion. The cycloadducts were successfully converted, by successive oxidative dehydrogenation, into pyrrole‐fused corannulenes, which exhibited pronounced solvatofluorochromism.
Treten in der N‐heterozyklischen Carben‐Organokatalyse wirklich Carbene auf?
Authors: Gehrke Sascha , Hollóczki Oldamur 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn der Organokatalyse werden häufig Azolium‐Kationen in Anwesenheit einer Base eingesetzt, um wertvolle Syntheseschritte zu realisieren. Aufgrund der Annahme, dass durch Deprotonierung des Kations ein freies Carben entsteht, welches mit dem Substrat reagiert und somit dessen Reaktivität entscheidend beeinflusst, werden Reaktionen dieses Types als N‐heterozyklische Carben‐Katalyse bezeichnet. Wir können hier jedoch zeigen, dass ein Mechanismus, in dem das Azolium‐Kation analog der elektrophilen aromatischen Substitution direkt mit dem Substrat reagiert und somit eine freie Carbenspezies vermieden wird, energetisch deutlich günstiger ist.
Liver‐Targeted Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Synthesis
Authors: McClure Kim F. , Piotrowski David W. , Petersen Donna , Wei Liuqing , Xiao Jun , Londregan Allyn T. , Kamlet Adam S. , Dechert‐Schmitt Anne‐Marie , Raymer Brian , Ruggeri Roger B. , Canterbury Daniel , Limberakis Chris , Liras Spiros , DaSilva‐Jardine Paul , Dullea Robert G. , Loria Paula M. , Reidich Benjamin , Salatto Christopher T. , Eng Heather , Kimoto Emi , Atkinson Karen , King‐Ahmad Amanda , Scott Dennis , Beaumont Kevin , Chabot Jeffrey R. , Bolt Michael W. , Maresca Kevin , Dahl Kenneth , Arakawa Ryosuke , Takano Akihiro , Halldin Christer 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTargeting of the human ribosome is an unprecedented therapeutic modality with a genome‐wide selectivity challenge. A liver‐targeted drug candidate is described that inhibits ribosomal synthesis of PCSK9, a lipid regulator considered undruggable by small molecules. Key to the concept was the identification of pharmacologically active zwitterions designed to be retained in the liver. Oral delivery of the poorly permeable zwitterions was achieved by prodrugs susceptible to cleavage by carboxylesterase 1. The synthesis of select tetrazole prodrugs was crucial. A cell‐free in vitro translation assay containing human cell lysate and purified target mRNA fused to a reporter was used to identify active zwitterions. In vivo PCSK9 lowering by oral dosing of the candidate prodrug and quantification of the drug fraction delivered to the liver utilizing an oral positron emission tomography 18F‐isotopologue validated our liver‐targeting approach.
Lösung des Problems mangelnder oraler Verfügbarkeit cyclischer Hexapeptide: Entwicklung eines selektiven, oral verfügbaren Liganden für das Integrin αvβ3
Authors: Weinmüller Michael , Rechenmacher Florian , Kiran Marelli Udaya , Reichart Florian , Kapp Tobias G. , Räder Andreas F. B. , Di Leva Francesco Saverio , Marinelli Luciana , Novellino Ettore , Muñoz‐Félix José M. , Hodivala‐Dilke Kairbaan , Schumacher Adi , Fanous Joseph , Gilon Chaim , Hoffman Amnon , Kessler Horst 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEin systematischer Ansatz für die Entwicklung oral verfügbarer wie auch biologisch aktiver, cyclischer, N‐methylierter Hexapeptide als hoch affine Liganden für das Integrin αvβ3 beruht auf zwei Konzepten: a) Screening systematisch entwickelter Peptidbibliotheken mit räumlicher Diversität und b) Maskierung der Peptidladung mithilfe lipophiler Schutzgruppen. Die Schlüsselschritte dieser Methode sind 1) Erstellung einer kombinatorischen Bibliothek N‐methylierter Analoga des Stammpeptids cyclo(d‐Ala‐Ala5); 2) Auswahl der cyclischen Peptide mit der höchsten intestinalen Permeabilität; 3) Design von Unterbibliotheken mit der biologisch aktiven RGD‐Sequenz in allen möglichen Positionen; 4) Auswahl der besten Liganden für RGD‐erkennende Integrinsubtypen; 5) Optimierung der Affinität und Selektivität durch zusätzliche Ala‐zu‐Xaa‐Substitutionen; 6) Schützen der geladenen funktionalen Seitengruppen nach dem Prodrug‐Konzept zur Wiederherstellung der intestinalen und oralen Permeabilität; 7) Nachweis der biologischen Aktivität in Mäusen nach oraler Gabe.
The Effect of Methylammonium Iodide on the Supersaturation and Interfacial Energy of the Crystallization of Methylammonium Lead Triiodide Single Crystals
Authors: Li Bichen , Isikgor Furkan H. , Coskun Hikmet , Ouyang Jianyong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt is very important to study the crystallization of hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites because their thin films are usually prepared from solution. The investigation on the growth of perovskite films is however limited by their polycrystallinity. In this work, methylammonium lead triiodide single crystals grown from solutions with different methylammonium iodide (MAI):lead iodide (PbI2) ratios were investigated. We observed a V‐shaped dependence of the crystallization onset temperature on the MAI:PbI2 ratio. This is attributed to the MAI effects on the supersaturation of precursors and the interfacial energy of the crystal growth. At low MAI:PbI2 ratio (<1.7), more MAI leads to the supersaturation of the precursors at lower temperature. At high MAI:PbI2 ratio, the crystal growing plans change from (100)‐plane dominated to (001)‐plane dominated. The latter have higher interfacial energy than the former, leading to a higher crystallization onset temperature.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Catalytic Hydrodefluorination of Polyfluoroarenes by Concerted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution with a Hydrosilicate
Authors: Kikushima Kotaro , Grellier Mary , Ohashi Masato , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA transition‐metal‐free catalytic hydrodefluorination (HDF) reaction of polyfluoroarenes is described. The reaction involves direct hydride transfer from a hydrosilicate as the key intermediate, which is generated from a hydrosilane and a fluoride salt. The eliminated fluoride regenerates the hydrosilicate to complete the catalytic cycle. Dispersion‐corrected DFT calculations indicated that the HDF reaction proceeds through a concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution (CSNAr) process.
Electrospun soy‐protein‐based nanofibrous membranes for effective antimicrobial air filtration
Authors: Jiang Zhicheng , Zhang Heyang , Zhu Miaomiao , Lv Dan , Yao Jianfeng , Xiong Ranhua , Huang Chaobo 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTSoy proteins are gaining more and more attention because of its multifunction and biodegradability. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are introduced into the nanofibers to prevent growth of microorganisms over the filter media. In the present study, the multifunctional and antimicrobial nanofibrous membranes were prepared by electrospinning the soy protein isolate (SPI)/polymide‐6 (PA6)‐silver nitrate system followed by ultraviolet reduction. The morphology of SPI/PA6 nanofibrous membranes was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Antibacterial property of nanofibrous membranes were investigated against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The optimized fiber membrane exhibited over 95% filtration efficiency of PM0.3 (particulate matter size less than 0.3 μm). The successful synthesis of SPI/PA6‐AgNPs nanofibrous membranes would make it to be the potential candidate for novel antibacterial and high‐performance air filter. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45766.
High‐melt‐elasticity poly(ethylene terephthalate) produced by reactive extrusion with a multi‐functional epoxide for foaming
Authors: Yang Zhaoping , Xin Chunling , Mughal Waqas , Li Xiaogang , He Yadong 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTA multi‐functional epoxide oligomer, Joncryl ADR‐4368 (ADR), is used as a modifier to prepare foamable poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by reactive extrusion and compared with common tetra‐functional modifier pyromellitic anhydride (PMDA) as a reference. Torque evolution reveals that ADR has a faster reaction with PET than PMDA. The reactions generate long‐chain branches and gel structures, which are confirmed by rheological methods. Shear rheological studies show that PET modified with both ADR and PMDA display higher complex viscosity and lower loss tangent than unmodified sample. In particular, at a given viscosity level, ADR leads to a lower loss tangent than PMDA. Moreover, compared to PMDA, the addition of ADR results in a higher die pressure during extrusion and a more pronounced strain hardening during uniaxial elongation. These results indicate that ADR‐modified PET is less viscous but more elastic than PMDA‐modified PET. Owing to the higher elastic properties, ADR‐modified PET presents better foaming performance in batch foaming process with CO2 as a blowing agent. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45805.
Facile preparation of a silica‐sphere–poly(catechol hexamethylenediamine) composite for the competitive removal of cadmium(II), lead(II), and copper(II) ions
Authors: Wei Gang , Dong Kaijie , Liu Qinze , Gao Tingting , Yao Jinshui 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTA silica‐sphere–poly(catechol hexamethylenediamine) (PCHA–SiO2) composite was prepared via the one‐step facile polymerization of catechol and hexamethylenediamine; this method uses a silica sphere as a hard template. The chemical structures and morphologies of this composite were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy. The adsorption experiments indicated that the PCHA–SiO2 composite served as a very attractive adsorbent for Pb(II)‐, Cu(II)‐, and Cd(II)‐ion removal at lower concentrations and had very good selective adsorption abilities for Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions in a solution contaminated with these three ions at higher concentrations. These interesting results may have been due to the reversible H+ adsorption–desorption properties of the characteristic phenol amine structure of the PCHA–SiO2 composite. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45839.
Enhancing water flux through semipermeable polybenzimidazole membranes by adding surfactant‐treated CNTs
Authors: Zhang Shaoling , Davaajargal Tuguldur , Aiba Motohiro , Akasaka Shuichi , Ashizawa Minoru , Tsuruoka Shuji , Fugetsu Bunshi , Matsumoto Hidetoshi 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, surfactant‐treated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were incorporated into polybenzimidazole (PBI) matrix to prepare the PBI/CNT composite membranes with CNT content in the range of 0 to 15 wt %. The composite membranes were fabricated by spin‐coating. The membrane morphology, mechanical property, and water and salt transport properties were investigated to characterize the additive effect of CNTs. The tensile strength of all the PBI/CNT composite membranes was lower than that of pristine PBI membrane, indicating the weak interaction between CNT and PBI. In addition, water flux increased without reducing the salt rejection when CNTs were homogeneously dispersed in the PBI matrix at a less than 7.5 wt % content. On the other hand, at 10 wt % and higher CNT content, submicro‐scaled cellular structure was formed, and both the water flux and salt rejection decreased. The well‐dispersed CNTs in the PBI matrix via weak interaction preferentially improve the water permeability by 1.7 times without depressing the salt rejection. The incorporation of well‐dispersed CNTs in polymer matrix provides a promising and facile option for improvement in the water transport properties through the polymeric semipermeable membranes with intrinsically low water permeability such as PBI. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45875.
Solid terpolymer electrolyte based on poly(vinyl butyral‐co‐vinyl alcohol‐co‐vinyl acetate) incorporated with lithium salt and tetraglyme for EDLCs
Authors: Bidin Mohd Zikrilhakim , Hon Ming Ng , Omar Fatin Saiha , Ramesh K. , Ramesh S. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTSolid terpolymer electrolytes (STEs) consist of different ratios of poly(vinyl butyral‐co‐vinyl alcohol‐co‐vinyl acetate) (PVBVA) and bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonamide lithium salt (LiTFSi) were prepared and the ionic conductivity of the prepared STEs was evaluated. The optimized STE (denoted as STE 20) was further doped with various amount of tetraglyme (10, 20, and 30 wt % and denoted as G10, G20, and G30, respectively). G20 enhanced the ionic conductivity from 6.22 (for STE 20) to 21.9 µS cm−1. This enhancement is due to the presence of abundant oxygen‐containing functional group in tetraglyme that provides more charge carrier mobility in the polymer matrix. The structure and complexation of the materials are authenticated via X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The performance of electric double layer capacitors based on activated carbon (AC) fabricated with STE 20 (AC/STE 20/AC) and G20 (AC/G 20/AC) were studied via cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge–discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. AC/G 20/AC achieved the maximum specific capacitance of 10.20 F/g [which is higher than AC/STE 20/AC (9.30 F/g)] with 75% of specific capacitance retention after 1500 cycles. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45902.
Accumulation of Antigen‐Driven Lymphoproliferations in Complement Receptor 2/CD21−/low B Cells From Patients With Sjögren's Syndrome
Authors: Glauzy Salomé , Boccitto Marco , Bannock Jason M. , Delmotte Fabien R. , Saadoun David , Cacoub Patrice , Ice John A. , Sivils Kathy L. , James Judith A. , Wolin Sandra L. , Meffre Eric 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivePatients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS) are prone to develop malignant lymphomas, and a correlation has been established between the lymphoproliferations occurring in these disorders and the presence in patients’ blood of an unusual B cell population that down‐regulates complement receptor 2/CD21. This study was undertaken to identify the B cell compartment from which these lymphoproliferations emerge and determine the mechanisms that promote clonal B cell expansion in patients with SS.MethodsThe reactivity of antibodies expressed by CD19+CD10−CD27−IgM+CD21−/low cells isolated from the blood of patients with SS was tested using a polymerase chain reaction–based approach that allows us to clone and express, in vitro, recombinant antibodies produced by single B cells.ResultsClonal expansions were identified in CD21−/low B cells isolated from the peripheral blood of 3 patients with SS. These lymphoproliferations expressed B cell receptors (BCRs) that displayed somatic hypermutation lineage trees characteristic of a strong selection by antigens; one of these antigens was identified as a ribosomal self antigen. When the mutated BCR sequences expressed by the expanded CD21−/low B cell clones from patients with SS were reverted in vitro to their germline counterparts, one clone remained autoreactive.ConclusionClonal lymphoproliferations in patients with SS preferentially accumulate in the autoreactive CD21−/low B cell compartment often expanded in these subjects, and recognition of self antigens may drive the clonal B cell expansion while further refining BCR self‐reactivity.
Efficacy and Safety of Atacicept in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Merrill Joan T. , Wallace Daniel J. , Wax Stephen , Kao Amy , Fraser Patricia A. , Chang Peter , Isenberg David ,   on behalf of the ADDRESS II Investigators
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of atacicept, an antagonist of B lymphocyte stimulator/APRIL–mediated B cell activation, in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsADDRESS II is a 24‐week, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel‐arm, phase IIb study evaluating the safety and efficacy of atacicept in patients with SLE (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01972568). Patients with active, autoantibody‐positive SLE receiving standard therapy were randomized (1:1:1) to receive atacicept (75 mg or 150 mg) or placebo for 24 weeks. The primary end point was the SLE responder index 4 (SRI‐4) at week 24.ResultsThe intent‐to‐treat (ITT) population included 306 patients. There was a trend toward an improved SRI‐4 response rate with atacicept 75 mg (57.8%; adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.78, P = 0.045) and 150 mg (53.8%; adjusted OR 1.56, P = 0.121) at week 24 as compared with placebo (44.0%) (primary analysis; using the screening visit as baseline). In a prespecified sensitivity analysis using study day 1 as baseline, a significantly larger proportion of patients receiving atacicept 75 mg and 150 mg achieved an SRI‐4 response at week 24 compared with placebo. In predefined subpopulations with high levels of disease activity (HDA) at baseline, serologically active disease, or both, statistically significant improvements in the SRI‐4 and SRI‐6 response rates were seen with atacicept versus placebo. A severe risk of disease flare was reduced with atacicept therapy in both the ITT and the HDA populations. The risks of serious adverse events and serious or severe infection were not increased with atacicept as compared with placebo.ConclusionAtacicept treatment showed evidence of efficacy in SLE, particularly in HDA and serologically active patients. Reductions in disease activity and severe flare were observed with atacicept treatment, with an acceptable safety profile.