bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food or Flowers? Dacha Gardening and Gendered Class Relations in Post‐Soviet Ukraine
Authors: Hormel Leontina M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Ukrainian dacha is a rural site where urban residents grow food and relax during the summers, in the process also contributing significantly to households’ food provisioning since the Soviet Union's collapse. This article seeks to understand how gendered class relations shape why people participate, or not, in dacha work. Using ethnographic data collected during fieldwork in Komsomolsk, a central Ukrainian town, I examine how people's process of accepting or rejecting the worth of dacha work is both a strategy of navigating market transition and a process whereby they reveal the ways in which age, physical ability, and sense of efficacy factor into whether dacha work is worth their while. These, I argue, are gendered class processes that have been overlooked in dacha research. By taking into account how gendered processes intertwine with class practices, we are able to observe how privileged masculinities reinforce the ideology of market transition, an ideology most evident in agricultural policy approaches favoring fewer and larger food production sites. Moreover, my interactions suggest the dacha enables men experiencing masculinity crises to accrue patriarchal dividends in exerting decision‐making power over their wives.
Back pain and MRI changes in the thoraco‐lumbar spine of young elite Mogul skiers
Authors: Thoreson O. , Kovac P. , Swärd A. , Agnvall C. , Todd C. , Baranto A. 
Published: July 2016

Athletes have a higher prevalence of LBP and spinal abnormalities on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) compared to non‐athletes. The objective of this study was to investigate the amount of spinal MRI abnormalities and the lifetime prevalence of low back pain (LBP) in 16 young elite Mogul skiers compared to 28 non‐athletes in the corresponding age in a cross‐sectional design. LBP was assessed by a questionnaire consisting of a part regarding previous or present back pain, the Oswestry disability index, and the EuroQol questionnaire. MRI examinations from Th5 to sacrum were conducted to evaluate spinal pathologies. The Mogul skiers had significantly more MRI abnormalities (like disc degeneration) in mean (7.25 vs 3.78, P < 0.023) compared to the controls. No significant difference was seen regarding the lifetime LBP prevalence between the groups (50% vs 42%, P = 0.555). No correlation could be found between disc degeneration and back pain in this study. Young elite Mogul skiers, compared to an age‐matched control group of non‐athletes, have an increased risk of developing spinal abnormalities potentially due to the different high loads that they are subjected to in their sport. Future relationship between the MRI abnormalities and LBP cannot be verified by this study design.
First Draft Genome Sequence of a Mycobacterium gordonae Clinical Isolate
Authors: Ustinova V. , Smirnova T. , Blagodatskikh K. , Varlamov D. , Sochivko D. , Larionova E. , Andreevskaya S. , Andrievskaya I. , Chernousova L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the first draft genome sequence of the clinically relevant species
Mycobacterium gordonae
. The clinical isolate
Mycobacterium gordonae
14-8773 was obtained from the sputum of a patient with mycobacteriosis.
Injuries sustained in National Collegiate Athletic Association men's and women's basketball, 2009/2010–2014/2015
Authors: Zuckerman Scott L , Wegner Adam M , Roos Karen G , Djoko Aristarque , Dompier Thomas P , Kerr Zachary Y 
Published: July 2016

Background/aimRecent rule changes regarding the safety of basketball athletes necessitate up-to-date reports of injury incidence. This study describes the epidemiology of injuries in men's and women's National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball during the 2009/2010–2014/2015 seasons.MethodsBasketball injury data originate from the 2009/2010–2014/2015 academic years from the NCAA Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) from 78 men's and 74 women's NCAA basketball programmes which provided 176 and 181 team-seasons, respectively. A reportable injury occurred during organised practice or competition and required attention from an athletic trainer (AT) or physician. Injury rates, injury proportions and rate ratios (RRs) were calculated. All 95% CIs not containing 1.0 were considered statistically significant.ResultsA total of 2308 and 1631 injuries were reported in men's and women's basketball, respectively, for injury rates of 7.97 and 6.54/1000 athlete-exposures (AEs). The rate was higher in men than women (RR=1.22; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.30). Non-time-loss (NTL) injuries (resulting in participation restriction time under 24 hours) accounted for 64.8% and 53.6% of men's competition and practice injuries, respectively, and 53.9% and 51.3% of women's competition and practice injuries, respectively. Injuries to the lower extremity were the most common in competitions (men: 54.9%; women: 59.0%) and practices (men: 62.4%; women: 67.3%). The most common injury in men's and women's basketball was ankle sprain (17.9% and 16.6%, respectively).ConclusionsNTL injuries account for over half of all injuries in basketball. Most injuries were lower extremity injuries, specifically ankle sprains. While rule changes have been implemented to make basketball safer, continued research is needed to assess the effectiveness of these changes.
Validation of the Compassion Fatigue Short Scale among Chinese medical workers and firefighters: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Sun Binghai , Hu Mengna , Yu Shitian , Jiang Yiru , Lou Baona 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the C-Compassion Fatigue (CF)-Short Scale among 4 independent samples of Chinese emergency workers (medical workers and firefighters).DesignCross-sectional.Setting6 hospitals in Zhejiang Province and 12 fire stations in Shanghai.ParticipantsEmergency workers (medical and firefighters) were consecutively recruited and divided into 4 groups: the MW1 group (medical workers, n=167), the FF1 group (firefighters, n=157), the MW2 group (medical workers, n=265) and the FF2 group (firefighters, n=231).InterventionsAll patients completed the C-CF-Short Scale to identify factors associated with compassion fatigue. The MW1 and FF1 groups were used for the exploratory analyses. The MW2 and FF2 groups were used for the confirmatory factor analyses.Primary and secondary outcome measuresFactor loading, correlations with previously validated questionnaires (the Ego-Resiliency Scale, the Social Support Questionnaire and the Job Pressure Scale) and Cronbach's α coefficient were tested for each factor.ResultsThe C-CF-Short Scale demonstrated excellent construct validity and good internal consistency. Specifically, the results of exploratory factor analyses in the MW1 and FF1 groups showed that secondary trauma and job burnout were associated with compassion fatigue in these emergency workers. The confirmatory factor analyses in the MW2 and FF2 groups indicated that all the fit indices of the 2-factor model were satisfactory. Finally, the Cronbach's α coefficient of each factor was excellent.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that the C-CF-Short Scale has good psychometric properties and can be applied to study Chinese emergency workers.
Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin in Ewing Sarcoma Cells Antagonizes EWS/ETS Function and Promotes Phenotypic Transition to More Metastatic Cell States
Authors: Pedersen Elisabeth A. , Menon Rajasree , Bailey Kelly M. , Thomas Dafydd G. , Van Noord Raelene A. , Tran Jenny , Wang Hongwei , Qu Ping Ping , Hoering Antje , Fearon Eric R. , Chugh Rashmi , Lawlor Elizabeth R. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Ewing sarcomas are characterized by the presence of EWS/ETS fusion genes in the absence of other recurrent genetic alterations and mechanisms of tumor heterogeneity that contribute to disease progression remain unclear. Mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway are rare in Ewing sarcoma but the Wnt pathway modulator LGR5 is often highly expressed, suggesting a potential role for the axis in tumor pathogenesis. We evaluated β-catenin and LGR5 expression in Ewing sarcoma cell lines and tumors and noted marked intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity. Tumors with evidence of active Wnt/β-catenin signaling were associated with increased incidence of tumor relapse and worse overall survival. Paradoxically, RNA sequencing revealed a marked antagonism of EWS/ETS transcriptional activity in Wnt/β-catenin–activated tumor cells. Consistent with this, Wnt/β-catenin–activated cells displayed a phenotype that was reminiscent of Ewing sarcoma cells with partial EWS/ETS loss of function. Specifically, activation of Wnt/β-catenin induced alterations to the actin cytoskeleton, acquisition of a migratory phenotype, and upregulation of EWS/ETS–repressed genes. Notably, activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling led to marked induction of tenascin C (TNC), an established promoter of cancer metastasis, and an EWS/ETS–repressed target gene. Loss of TNC function in Ewing sarcoma cells profoundly inhibited their migratory and metastatic potential. Our studies reveal that heterogeneous activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in subpopulations of tumor cells contributes to phenotypic heterogeneity and disease progression in Ewing sarcoma. Significantly, this is mediated, at least in part, by inhibition of EWS/ETS fusion protein function that results in derepression of metastasis-associated gene programs. Cancer Res; 76(17); 5040–53. ©2016 AACR.
Rapid Reprogramming of Primary Human Astrocytes into Potent Tumor-Initiating Cells with Defined Genetic Factors
Authors: Li Fang , Liu Xinjian , Sampson John H. , Bigner Darell D. , Li Chuan-Yuan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) are thought to drive brain cancer, but their cellular and molecular origins remain uncertain. Here, we report the successful generation of induced CSC (iCSC) from primary human astrocytes through the expression of defined genetic factors. Combined transduction of four factors, Myc, Oct-4, p53DD, and Ras, induced efficient transformation of primary human astrocytes into malignant cells with powerful tumor-initiating capabilities. Notably, transplantation of 100 transduced cells into nude mice was sufficient for tumor formation. The cells showed unlimited self-renewal ability with robust telomerase activities. In addition, they expressed typical glioma stem-like cell markers, such as CD133, CD15, and CD90. Moreover, these cells could form spheres in culture and differentiate into neuron-like, astrocyte-like, and oligodendrocyte-like cells. Finally, they also displayed resistance to the widely used brain cancer drug temozolomide. These iCSCs could provide important tools for studies of glioma biology and therapeutics development. Cancer Res; 76(17); 5143–50. ©2016 AACR.
Syndecan-1 (CD138) Suppresses Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma by Activating IGF1 Receptor: Prevention by SynstatinIGF1R Inhibits Tumor Growth
Authors: Beauvais DeannaLee M. , Jung Oisun , Yang Yang , Sanderson Ralph D. , Rapraeger Alan C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Syndecan-1 (Sdc1/CD138) expression is linked to disease severity in multiple myeloma, although the causal basis for this link remains unclear. Here we report that capture of the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) by Sdc1 suppresses ASK1-dependent apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells. Sdc1 binds two different fractions of IGF1R, one that is constitutively active and a second that is activated by IGF1 ligand. Notably, IGF1R kinase activity in both fractions is blocked by synstatinIGF1R (SSTNIGF1R), a peptide that inhibits IGF1R capture by Sdc1, as well as by a truncated peptide (SSTNIGF1R-T) that appears to be specific for multiple myeloma cells. Mechanistically, we show that ASK1 is bound to active IGF1R and inhibited by Tyr and Ser83/Ser966 phosphorylation. When IGF1R engagement with Sdc1 is blocked by SSTNIGF1R, ASK1 becomes activated, and initiates JNK- and caspase-3–mediated apoptosis. In pharmacologic tests, we find SSTNIGF1R is highly stable in human plasma and displays a half-life of 27 hours in mice, wherein it significantly reduces both the size and neovascularization of CAG myeloma tumor xenografts. Taken together, our results offer a preclinical proof of concept and mechanistic rationale for the exploration of SSTNIGF1R as an experimental therapeutic to dually attack multiple myeloma tumor cell survival and tumor angiogenesis. Cancer Res; 76(17); 4981–93. ©2016 AACR.
Providing Cardiology Care in Rural Areas Through Visiting Consultant Clinics
Authors: Gruca Thomas S. , Pyo Tae‐Hyung , Nelson Gregory C. 
Published: July 2016

Background
Workforce experts predict a future shortage of cardiologists that is expected to impact rural areas more severely than urban areas. However, there is little research on how rural patients are currently served through clinical outreach. This study examines the impact of cardiology outreach in Iowa, a state with a large rural population, on participating cardiologists and on patient access.

Methods and Results
Outreach clinics are tracked annually in the Office of Statewide Clinical Education Programs Visiting Medical Consultant Database (University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine). Data from 2014 were analyzed. In 2014, an estimated 5460 visiting consultant clinic days were provided in 96 predominantly rural cities by 167 cardiologists from Iowa and adjoining states. Forty‐five percent of Iowa cardiologists participated in rural outreach. Visiting cardiologists from Iowa and adjoining states drive an estimated 45 000 miles per month. Because of monthly outreach clinics, the average driving time to the nearest cardiologist falls from 42.2±20.0 to 14.7±11.0 minutes for rural Iowans. Cardiology outreach improves geographic access to office‐based cardiology care for more than 1 million Iowans out of a total population of 3 million. Direct travel costs and opportunity costs associated with physician travel are estimated to be more than $2.1 million per year.

Conclusions
Cardiologists in Iowa and adjoining states have expanded access to office‐based cardiology care from 18 to 89 of the 99 counties in Iowa. In these 71 counties without a full‐time cardiologist, visiting consultant clinics can accommodate more than 50% of office visits in the patients’ home county.
Effect of Varying Hemodynamic and Vascular Conditions on Fractional Flow Reserve: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Kolli Kranthi K. , Min James K. , Ha Seongmin , Soohoo Hilary , Xiong Guanglei 
Published: July 2016

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of varying hemodynamic conditions on fractional flow reserve (ratio of pressure distal [P
d
] and proximal [P
a
] to stenosis under hyperemia) in an in vitro setting. Failure to achieve maximal hyperemia and the choice of hyperemic agents may have differential effects on coronary hemodynamics and, consequently, on the determination of fractional flow reserve.

Methods and Results

An in vitro flow system was developed to experimentally model the physiological coronary circulation as flow‐dependent stenosis resistance in series with variable downstream resistance. Five idealized models with 30% to 70% diameter stenosis severity were fabricated using VeroClear rigid material in an Objet260 Connex printer. Mean aortic pressure was maintained at 7 levels (60–140 mm Hg) from hypotension to hypertension using a needle valve that mimicked adjustable microcirculatory resistance. A range of physiological flow rates was applied by a steady flow pump and titrated by a flow sensor. The pressure drop and the pressure ratio (P
d
/P
a
) were assessed for the 7 levels of aortic pressure and differing flow rates. The in vitro experimental data were coupled with pressure–flow relationships from clinical data for populations with and without myocardial infarction, respectively, to evaluate fractional flow reserve. The curve for pressure ratio and flow rate demonstrated a quadratic relationship with a decreasing slope. The absolute decrease in fractional flow reserve in the group without myocardial infarction (with myocardial infarction) was on the order of 0.03 (0.02), 0.05 (0.02), 0.07 (0.05), 0.17 (0.13) and 0.20 (0.24), respectively, for 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and 70% diameter stenosis, for an increase in aortic pressure from 60 to 140 mm Hg.

Conclusions
The fractional flow reserve value, an index of physiological stenosis significance, was observed to decrease with increasing aortic pressure for a given stenosis in this idealized in vitro experiment for vascular groups with and without myocardial infarction.
Repeated Intravenous Thrombolysis for Early Recurrent Stroke
Authors: Kahles Timo , Mono Marie-Luise , Heldner Mirjam Rachel , Baumgartner Ralf Werner , Sarikaya Hakan , Luft Andreas , Bohlhalter Stephan , Traenka Christopher , Engelter Stefan T. , Kurka Natalia , Köhrmann Martin , Curtze Sami , Michel Patrik , Tatlisumak Turgut , Nedeltchev Krassen 
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—
Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) within 4.5 hours from symptom onset improves functional outcome in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Its use in patients with previous stroke within the preceding 3 months is contraindicated because of the assumed higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage. In addition, tissue-type plasminogen activator may itself promote neurotoxicity and blood–brain barrier disruption. However, safety and effectiveness of repeated IVT is essentially unknown in patients with early (<3 months) recurrent stroke (ERS), because they were excluded from thrombolysis trials. This article reports the largest case series of repeated IVT in ERS.

Methods—
We reviewed databases of prospectively collected patient data of 8 European stroke centers for the presence of patients with ERS, who received IVT for both the index stroke and ERS. Demographics, clinical and radiological data, bleeding complications, and functional outcome were analyzed.

Results—

We identified 19 subjects with repeated IVT in ERS. Mean age was 68±12 years, and 37% of them were female. Median interthrombolysis interval was 30 days (interquartile range, 13–50). Functional independence (modified Rankin scale score ≤2) was achieved in 79% of patients after the first and in 47.4% after repeated IV tissue-type plasminogen activator, respectively. There was no symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage. Median final infarct volume after the first IVT was 1.5 cm
3
(interquartile range, 0.5–3.1).

Conclusions—
Patients with small infarct volumes and robust clinical improvement might be considered for repeated IVT within 3 months. Studies following strict protocols and larger registries incorporating these patients might serve to identify selection criteria for the safe use of repeated IVT in ERS.
Safety of Computed Tomographic Angiography in the Evaluation of Patients With Acute Stroke
Authors: Ehrlich Matthew E. , Turner Heather L. , Currie Lillian J. , Wintermark Max , Worrall Bradford B. , Southerland Andrew M. 
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—
Noncontrasted head computed tomography (NCHCT) has long been the standard of care for acute stroke imaging. New guidelines recommending advanced vascular imaging to identify eligible patients for endovascular therapy have renewed safety concerns on the use of contrast in the emergent setting without laboratory confirmation of renal function.

Methods—
We compared computed tomographic angiography (CTA) versus NCHCT alone during acute stroke evaluation with focus on renal safety and timeliness of therapy delivery. We reviewed data on all emergency department patients for whom the Acute Stroke Intervention Team was activated between December 2013 and September 2014. Primary outcomes included acute kidney injury and change in serum creatinine from presentation to 24 to 48 hours (Δ serum creatinine [Cr]). We assessed therapy delay using door-to-CT and door-to-needle times.

Results—

Of 289 patients requiring Acute Stroke Intervention Team activation, 157 received CTA and 132 NCHCT only. There was no difference between groups in mean Cr at 24 to 48 hours (1.06 CTA; 1.40 NCHCT;
P
=0.059), ΔCr (−0.07 CTA, −0.11 NCHCT,
P
=0.489), or rates of acute kidney injury (5 CTA, 7 NCHCT,
P
=0.422). There was no significant difference in mean intravenous tissue plasminogen activator treatment times (68.11 minutes CTA, 81.36 minutes NCHCT;
P
=0.577). In the 157 patients who underwent CTA, 16 (10.2%) vascular anomalies and 55 (35.0%) high-grade stenoses or occlusions were identified.

Conclusions—
CTA acquisition during acute stroke evaluation was safe with regards to renal function and did not delay appropriate therapy delivery. Acute CTA acquisition offers additional clinical value in rapid identification of vascular abnormalities.
Doing relationships and sexuality education with young people in state care
Authors: Hyde Abbey , Fullerton Deirdre , McKeown Caroline , Lohan Maria , Dunne Laura , Macdonald Geraldine 
Published: July 2016

Background: Existing literature indicates that young people in state care have particular sexual health needs that include addressing their social and emotional well-being, yet little has been published as to how these components of sex education are actually delivered by service-providers. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyse the processes involved in delivering relationship and sexuality education to young people in state care from the perspectives of a sample of service-providers with a role in sexual health-care delivery. Design: Qualitative methodological strategy. Setting: Service-delivery sites at urban and rural locations in Ireland. Method: A total of 22 service-providers were interviewed in depth, and data were analysed using a qualitative analytical strategy resembling modified analytical induction. Findings: Participants proffered their perceptions and examples of their practices of sex education in relation to the following themes: (1) acknowledging the multi-dimensional nature of sexual health in the case of young people in care; (2) personal and emotional development education to address poor self-esteem, emotional disconnectedness and an inability to recognise and express emotions; (3) social skills’ education as part of a repertoire of competencies needed to negotiate relationships and safer sex; (4) the application of positive social skills embedded in everyday social situations; and (5) factual sexuality education. Conclusion: Insights into service-providers’ perceptions of the multi-dimensional nature of the sexual health needs of young people in state care, and the ways in which these service-providers justified their practice make visible the complex character of sex education and the degree of skill required to deliver it to those in state care.