bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital-treated mental and behavioral disorders and risk of Alzheimer's disease: A nationwide nested case-control study
Authors: Tapiainen V. , Hartikainen S. , Taipale H. , Tiihonen J. , Tolppanen A.-M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground:Studies investigating psychiatric disorders as Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors have yielded heterogeneous findings. Differences in time windows between the exposure and outcome could be one explanation. We examined whether (1) mental and behavioral disorders in general or (2) specific mental and behavioral disorder categories increase the risk of AD and (3) how the width of the time window between the exposure and outcome affects the results.Methods:A nationwide nested case-control study of all Finnish clinically verified AD cases, alive in 2005 and their age, sex and region of residence matched controls (n of case-control pairs 27,948). History of hospital-treated mental and behavioral disorders was available since 1972.Results:Altogether 6.9% (n = 1932) of the AD cases and 6.4% (n = 1784) of controls had a history of any mental and behavioral disorder. Having any mental and behavioral disorder (adjusted OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.00–1.16) or depression/other mood disorder (adjusted OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 1.05–1.30) were associated with higher risk of AD with 5-year time window but not with 10-year time window (adjusted OR, 95% CI 0.99, 0.91–1.08 for any disorder and 1.08, 0.96–1.23 for depression).Conclusions:The associations between mental and behavioral disorders and AD were modest and dependent on the time window. Therefore, some of the disorders may represent misdiagnosed prodromal symptoms of AD, which underlines the importance of proper differential diagnostics among older persons. These findings also highlight the importance of appropriate time window in psychiatric and neuroepidemiology research.
Healing of the nasal septal mucosa in an experimental rabbit model of mucosal injury
Authors: Choi Kyu Young , Cho Sung Woo , Choi Jun‐Jae , Zhang Yu‐Lian , Kim Dae Woo , Han Doo Hee , Kim Hyun Jik , Kim Dong‐Young , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Won Tae‐Bin 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the regeneration process of the nasal mucosa after a surgically created mucosal defect in the rabbit nasal septum, and to evaluate the effects of different interventions.MethodsA 7 mm‐diameter circular mucosal defect was made in the septum of forty New Zealand white rabbits. The rabbits were divided into four groups (ten rabbits in each group) according to the type of intervention; no treatment (control), silastic sheet (SS), hyaluronic acid (HA), and silastic sheet and hyaluronic acid (SS + HA) group. The diameter of the defect, mucosal thickness, epithelial thickness, and ciliated cell count were evaluated every week for five weeks.ResultsThe average diameter of the defect in the control group were 5.1, 3.65, 1.2, 0.75, and 0.05 mm at postoperative 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks. In the SS group, the diameter decreased to 4.35, 2.1, 0.35, 0.15, and 0 mm at postoperative 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks, respectively, in which the mean diameter of the postoperative week 2 was significantly smaller compared to control (3.65 mm vs. 2.1 mm, P = 0.039). For the HA group and SS + HA group, the diameter of the defect did not show a significant difference from the control group during the five weeks. The mucosal thickness, epithelial thickness, and ciliated cell count of the regenerated mucosa were not significantly different among the groups.ConclusionThe regeneration process of the nasal septal mucosa was identified using a novel rabbit model. Mucosal regeneration can be accelerated by applying silastic sheets.
National Automated Surveillance of Hospital-Acquired Bacteremia in Denmark Using a Computer Algorithm
Authors: Gubbels Sophie , Nielsen Jens , Voldstedlund Marianne , Kristensen Brian , Schønheyder Henrik C. , Ellermann-Eriksen Svend , Engberg Jørgen H. , Møller Jens K. , Østergaard Christian , Mølbak Kåre 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDIn 2015, Denmark launched an automated surveillance system for hospital-acquired infections, the Hospital-Acquired Infections Database (HAIBA).OBJECTIVETo describe the algorithm used in HAIBA, to determine its concordance with point prevalence surveys (PPSs), and to present trends for hospital-acquired bacteremiaSETTINGPrivate and public hospitals in DenmarkMETHODSA hospital-acquired bacteremia case was defined as at least 1 positive blood culture with at least 1 pathogen (bacterium or fungus) taken between 48 hours after admission and 48 hours after discharge, using the Danish Microbiology Database and the Danish National Patient Registry. PPSs performed in 2012 and 2013 were used for comparison.RESULTSNational trends showed an increase in HA bacteremia cases between 2010 and 2014. Incidence was higher for men than women (9.6 vs 5.4 per 10,000 risk days) and was highest for those aged 61–80 years (9.5 per 10,000 risk days). The median daily prevalence was 3.1% (range, 2.1%–4.7%). Regional incidence varied from 6.1 to 8.1 per 10,000 risk days. The microorganisms identified were typical for HA bacteremia. Comparison of HAIBA with PPS showed a sensitivity of 36% and a specificity of 99%. HAIBA was less sensitive for patients in hematology departments and intensive care units. Excluding these departments improved the sensitivity of HAIBA to 44%.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the estimated sensitivity of HAIBA compared with PPS is low, a PPS is not a gold standard. Given the many advantages of automated surveillance, HAIBA allows monitoring of HA bacteremia across the healthcare system, supports prioritizing preventive measures, and holds promise for evaluating interventions.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:559–566
Attitudes towards forest and wildlife, and conservation-oriented traditions, around Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary, Assam, India
Authors: Talukdar Simi , Gupta Abhik 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe examined attitudes towards forest and wildlife among Rabha, Bodo and Rajbongshi communities from three villages in the Chakrashila Wildlife Sanctuary of western Assam, India. The study was conducted through open-ended and structured interviews, focus group discussions, and participatory rural appraisal. The respondents identified availability of forest products, biodiversity conservation and the aesthetic beauty of the forest as the major justifications for the establishment of Chakrashila as a protected area. They also believed that people and wildlife could coexist peacefully, although some respondents did not have a cordial relationship with Forest Department staff. Most respondents were favourably disposed towards the golden langur Trachypithecus geei because it did not harm anybody or damage crops, and because of its shining coat and its exalted status in their religious beliefs. They were antagonistic towards the rhesus macaque Macaca mulatta because of its crop-raiding habits, although they were averse to killing it. Most respondents did not want to relocate because they lacked skills and resources and had associations with the forest, where they maintained sacred groves and observed taboos on hunting and plant resource extraction. Thus, the attitudes of the communities were governed not only by their material needs and priorities but also by their deep-rooted cultural–religious bond with the forest. These matters would benefit from being incorporated into forest management strategies in developing countries.
Transmission ecology of taeniid larval cestodes in rodents in Sweden, a low endemic area for Echinococcus multilocularis
Authors: MILLER ANDREA L. , OLSSON GERT E. , SOLLENBERG SOFIA , WALBURG MARION R. , SKARIN MOA , HÖGLUND JOHAN 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYAlthough local prevalence of Echinococcus multilocularis may be high, this zoonotic parasite has an overall low prevalence in foxes and rodents in Sweden. To better understand opportunities for E. multilocularis transmission in the Swedish environment, the aim of this study was to investigate other taeniid cestodes and to relate observed patterns to E. multilocularis. Cestode parasites were examined in fox feces and rodents caught in different habitats from four regions of Sweden. Arvicola amphibius and Microtus agrestis were parasitized with Versteria mustelae, Hydatigera taeniaeformis s. l., and E. multilocularis, whereas Myodes glareolus and Apodemus spp. were parasitized with V. mustelae, Taenia polyacantha, H. taeniaeformis s.l., and Mesocestoides spp. Rodents caught in field habitat (Ar. amphibius, Mi. agrestis) were more likely (OR 10, 95% CI 5–19) to be parasitized than rodents caught in forest habitat (My. glareolus, Apodemus spp.). The parasite preference for each rodent species was present regardless of the type of background contamination from fox feces. These results further support the importance of both ecological barriers and individual species susceptibility in parasite transmission, and indicate that future monitoring for E. multilocularis in the Swedish environment should focus in field habitats where Mi. agrestis and Ar. amphibius are abundant.
A HOUSEFUL OF POTS: APPLYING ETHNOARCHAEOLOGICAL DATA TO ESTIMATE ANNUAL CERAMIC VESSEL CONSUMPTION RATES OF CLASSIC MAYA HOUSEHOLDS
Authors: Straight Kirk Damon 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article reviews data from the modern highland Maya area in order to develop a model of vessel discard frequencies applicable to Classic Maya contexts. Estimating the number of pots consumed by ancient households is crucial to reconstructing the organization of ceramic production and exchange in antiquity. The recent publication ofin situhousehold assemblages from the Classic Maya center of Aguateca facilitates an analysis of household pottery use during the Late Classic period. Vessel class use-lives derived from ethnoarchaeological studies are applied to the Aguateca assemblages to estimate annual consumption rates. The simulated Aguateca discard assemblages are then compared to archaeologically recovered vessel class discard frequencies from the Classic Maya center of Tikal. The article concludes with a discussion of how and why pottery requirements for Classic Maya households differed from those of twentieth century Maya and the implications these distinctions have for interpreting consumption pattern for the Classic Maya.
Exclusionary Rules of Origin of Mega-RTAs under WTO Law: Mega-RTA ‘Fracturing’ Its Overlapping RTA
Authors: KIM JONG BUM 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA mega-RTA such as the planned Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) or the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) may overlap another RTA, with the result that some of the parties to the mega-RTA's overlapping RTA may become common parties, while others may remain as single-agreement parties. If the mega-RTA provides rules of origin based on the change in tariff classification (CTC)-with-exception criterion such as yarn-forward rules, the rules of origin will become more restrictive with respect to the imports of the excluded intermediate goods from the single-agreement parties after the formation of the mega-RTA than before, thus failing to meet the requirement under GATT Article XXIV:5. The exclusionary rules of origin of the mega-RTA draw the trade away from the single-agreement parties, causing ‘fracture’ in the mega-RTA's overlapping RTA. As a legal remedy to the problem, the mega-RTA should eliminate the restriction from the CTC-with-exception criterion by adopting the rules of origin based on the non-exclusionary criteria such as the value-added or the CTC criterion that does not presumptively exclude the use of certain non-originating intermediate inputs.
miR-377 induces senescence in human skin fibroblasts by targeting DNA methyltransferase 1
Authors: Xie Hong-fu , Liu Ying-zi , Du Rui , Wang Ben , Chen Meng-ting , Zhang Yi-ya , Deng Zhi-li , Li Ji 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSkin aging is a complicated physiological process and epigenetic feature, including microRNA-mediated regulation and DNA methylation, have been shown to contribute to this process. DNA methylation is regulated by DNA methyltransferase, of which DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) is the most abundantly known. But evidence supporting its role in skin aging remains scarce, and no report regards its specifical upstream-regulating molecules in the process of skin aging so far. Here, we found that DNMT1 expression was markedly higher in young human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) than that in passage-aged HSFs, and DNMT1 knockdown significantly induced the senescence phenotype in young HSFs. We predicted the upstream miRNAs which could regulate DNMT1 with miRNA databases and foundmiR-377had high homology with a sequence in the 3′-UTR of human DNMT1 mRNA. We confirmed thatmiR-377was a potential regulator of DNMT1 by luciferase reporter assays.miR-377expression in passage-aged HSFs was markedly higher than that in the young HSFs.miR-377overexpression promoted senescence in young HSFs, and inhibition ofmiR-377reduced senescence in passage-aged HSFs. Moreover, these functions were mediated by targeting DNMT1. Microfluidic PCR and next-generation bisulfite sequencing of 24 senescent-associated genes’ promoters revealed alterations of the promoter methylation levels ofFoxD3,p53,andUTF1in HSFs treated withmiR-377mimics or inhibitors. We also verified that themiR-377-mediated changes in p53 expression could be reversed by regulation of DNMT1 in HSFs. Similarly, there was a negative correlation betweenmiR-377and DNMT1 expression in young and photoaged HSFs, HSFs, or skin tissues from UV-unexposed areas of different aged donors. Our results highlight a novel role formiR-377-DNMT1-p53 axis in HSF senescence. These findings shed new light on the mechanisms of skin aging and identify future opportunities for its therapeutic prevention.
BBC3 in macrophages promoted pulmonary fibrosis development through inducing autophagy during silicosis
Authors: Liu Haijun , Cheng Yusi , Yang Jian , Wang Wei , Fang Shencun , Zhang Wei , Han Bing , Zhou Zewei , Yao Honghong , Chao Jie , Liao Hong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFollowing inhalation into the lungs, silica particles are engulfed by alveolar macrophages, which triggers endogenous or exogenous apoptosis signaling pathways. As an inducer of apoptosis, the role of BBC3/PUMA (BCL2-binding component 3) in macrophages during silicosis remains unknown. Here, we exposed U937 cell-derived macrophages (UDMs) to SiO2in vitro to explore the function of BBC3 in SiO2-induced disease. We found that SiO2 induced increased BBC3 expression, as well as macrophage activation and apoptosis. Knockdown of Bbc3 with specific siRNA significantly mitigated the SiO2-induced effects. In addition, our results clearly showed increased levels of autophagy in macrophages exposed to SiO2. However, inhibition of BBC3 decreased the occurrence of autophagy. Furthermore, we observed that the blockade of autophagy with 3-MA, an autophagy inhibitor, inhibited SiO2-induced macrophage activation and apoptosis. In contrast, rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, further enhanced the effects induced by SiO2. The conditioned medium from macrophages exposed to SiO2 promoted the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, and the inhibition of BBC3/autophagy reduced the effects of the conditioned medium on fibroblasts. In the mouse model of silicosis, Bbc3 knockout mice clearly exhibited decreased levels of autophagy and fibrosis progression. These results suggest that downregulation of BBC3 expression may become a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of silicosis.
Long noncoding RNA BLACAT1 indicates a poor prognosis of colorectal cancer and affects cell proliferation by epigenetically silencing of p15
Authors: Su Jun , Zhang Erbao , Han Liang , Yin Dandan , Liu Zhili , He Xuezhi , Zhang Yuhong , Lin Feng , Lin Qingfeng , Mao Peiyao , Mao Weidong , Shen Dong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecently, a novel class of transcripts, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), is being identified at a rapid pace. These RNAs have critical roles in diverse biological processes, including tumorigenesis. One of them, BLACAT1, a cancer-associated long noncoding RNA, exerts regulatory functions in various biological processes in cancer cells, however, the role of BLACAT1 in colon cancer remains unclear. Our experiments showed that increased BLACAT1 was an independent unfavorable prognostic indicator for colorectal cancer, and revealed that BLACAT1 knockdown significantly repressed proliferation, both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that BLACAT1 had a key role in G1/G0 arrest, and showed that BLACAT1 can repress p15 expression by binding to EZH2, thus contributing to the regulation of CRC cell cycle and proliferation. Our results suggest that BLACAT1, as a cell cycle regulator, may serve as a potential target for colon cancer prevention and treatment in human CRC.
The Shc1 adaptor simultaneously balances Stat1 and Stat3 activity to promote breast cancer immune suppression
Authors: Ahn Ryuhjin , Sabourin Valérie , Bolt Alicia M. , Hébert Steven , Totten Stephanie , De Jay Nicolas , Festa Maria Carolina , Young Yoon Kow , Im Young Kyuen , Pawson Tony , Koromilas Antonis E. , Muller William J. , Mann Koren K. , Kleinman Claudia L. , Ursini-Siegel Josie 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTyrosine kinase signalling within cancer cells is central to the establishment of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Although tyrosine kinase inhibitors act, in part, to augment adaptive immunity, the increased heterogeneity and functional redundancy of the tyrosine kinome is a hurdle to achieving durable responses to immunotherapies. We previously identified the Shc1 (ShcA) scaffold, a central regulator of tyrosine kinase signalling, as essential for promoting breast cancer immune suppression. Herein we show that the ShcA pathway simultaneously activates STAT3 immunosuppressive signals and impairs STAT1-driven immune surveillance in breast cancer cells. Impaired Y239/Y240-ShcA phosphorylation selectively reduces STAT3 activation in breast tumours, profoundly sensitizing them to immune checkpoint inhibitors and tumour vaccines. Finally, the ability of diminished tyrosine kinase signalling to initiate STAT1-driven immune surveillance can be overcome by compensatory STAT3 hyperactivation in breast tumours. Our data indicate that inhibition of pY239/240-ShcA-dependent STAT3 signalling may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy to sensitize breast tumours to multiple immunotherapies.
Intervalley scattering by acoustic phonons in two-dimensional MoS2 revealed by double-resonance Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Carvalho Bruno R. , Wang Yuanxi , Mignuzzi Sandro , Roy Debdulal , Terrones Mauricio , Fantini Cristiano , Crespi Vincent H. , Malard Leandro M. , Pimenta Marcos A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDouble-resonance Raman scattering is a sensitive probe to study the electron-phonon scattering pathways in crystals. For semiconducting two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides, the double-resonance Raman process involves different valleys and phonons in the Brillouin zone, and it has not yet been fully understood. Here we present a multiple energy excitation Raman study in conjunction with density functional theory calculations that unveil the double-resonance Raman scattering process in monolayer and bulk MoS2. Results show that the frequency of some Raman features shifts when changing the excitation energy, and first-principle simulations confirm that such bands arise from distinct acoustic phonons, connecting different valley states. The double-resonance Raman process is affected by the indirect-to-direct bandgap transition, and a comparison of results in monolayer and bulk allows the assignment of each Raman feature near the M or K points of the Brillouin zone. Our work highlights the underlying physics of intervalley scattering of electrons by acoustic phonons, which is essential for valley depolarization in MoS2.
Niobium pentoxide: a promising surface-enhanced Raman scattering active semiconductor substrate
Authors: Shan Yufeng , Zheng Zhihui , Liu Jianjun , Yang Yong , Li Zhiyuan , Huang Zhengren , Jiang Dongliang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSurface-enhanced Raman scattering technique, as a powerful tool to identify the molecular species, has been severely restricted to the noble metals. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates based on semiconductors would overcome the shortcomings of metal substrates and promote development of surface-enhanced Raman scattering technique in surface science, spectroscopy, and biomedicine studies. However, the detection sensitivity and enhancement effects of semiconductor substrates are suffering from their weak activities. In this work, a semiconductor based on Nb2O5 is reported as a new candidate for highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection of dye molecules. The largest enhancement factor value greater than 107 was observed with the laser excitation at 633 and 780 nm for methylene blue detection. As far as literature review shows, this is in the rank of the highest sensitivity among semiconductor materials; even comparable to the metal nanostructure substrates with “hot spots”. The impressive surface-enhanced Raman scattering activities can be attributed to the chemical enhancement dominated by the photo-induced charge transfer, as well as the electromagnetic enhancement, which have been supported by the density-functional-theory and finite element method calculation results. The chemisorption of dye on Nb2O5 creates a new highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital contributed by both fragments in the molecule-Nb2O5 system, which makes the charge transfer more feasible with longer excitation wavelength. In addition, the electromagnetic enhancement mechanism also accounts for two orders of magnitude enhancement in the overall enhancement factor value. This work has revealed Nb2O5 nanoparticles as a new semiconductor surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrate that is able to replace noble metals and shows great potentials applied in the fields of biology related.