bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Sugar 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles. Part 5. Cyclization of Aldonic Acid Aroylhydrazides to l,3,4‐Oxadiazoline Derivatives Sugar Oxadiazoles. Part 6. Cyclization of 2,3,4,5‐Tetra‐O‐acetylgalactaric Bis‐(aroylhydrazides) to Saccharide Bis‐(1,3‐,4‐oxadiazolyl)‐Derivatives.
Authors: NASSR M. A. M. , TAHA M. A. M. , SHABAN M. A. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGluconsäurelacton (I) wird mit den Aroylhydraziden (II) zu den Hydraziden (III) umgesetzt, die zu den Oxadiazolen (IV) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF 2,3,4,6‐TETRA‐O‐BENZYL‐D‐GLUCOPYRANOSYLIDENE ACETALS, USING TRIMETHYLSILYL TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE AS THE CATALYST
Authors: HORITO S. , ASANO K. , UMEMURA K. , HASHIMOTO H. , YOSHIMURA J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Kondensation des benzylierten Gluconolactons (I) mit verschiedenen bis‐silylierten 1,2‐Diolen ergibt die diastereomeren Spiro‐orthoester.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF SUBSTITUTED 6β‐VINYLPENICILLANIC ACIDS
Authors: FOULDS C. D. , JAXA‐CHAMIEC A. A. , O'SULLIVAN A. C. , SAMMES P. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAusgehend von der Reaktion zwischen dem Diazoester (I), den Phenylseleniden (II) bzw. (III) und dem Thiol (IV) lassen sich die gewünschten Carbonsäuren (V) und (VIa) bzw. (VIb) synthetisieren.
CLIP‐seq to Identify KSHV ORF57‐Binding RNA in Host B Cells
Authors: Ma Yanping , Liu Poching , Majerciak Vladimir , Zhu Jun , Zheng Zhi‐Ming 
Published: May 2016

AbstractKaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV), a human gamma‐herpesvirus, is etiologically linked to the development of several malignancies, mainly Kaposi's sarcoma. Expressed as an early viral protein, KSHV ORF57 is essential for lytic replication and virion production. ORF57 selectively binds to a subset of viral RNA and affects nearly all aspects of viral RNA processing. To globally identify all viral and host RNA associated with KSHV ORF57 in the infected cells, we have utilized UV cross‐linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) of KSHV ORF57 combined with high‐throughput RNA sequencing (CLIP‐seq) to identify ORF57‐binding RNA in BCBL‐1 cells at genome‐wide level. This unit provides step‐by‐step details on this new method that is applicable for any pathogen or host RNA‐binding proteins by slight modification. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using Organotypic Epithelial Tissue Culture to Study the Human Papillomavirus Life Cycle
Authors: Lee Denis , Norby Kathryn , Hayes Mitchell , Chiu Ya‐Fang , Sugden Bill , Lambert Paul F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHuman papillomaviruses (HPVs) are small double‐stranded DNA viruses that are associated with greater than 95% of cervical cancers and 20% of head and neck cancers. These cancers arise from persistent infections in which there is continued expression of the HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes, often as a consequence of integration of HPV DNA into the host genome. Such cancers represent “dead ends” for the virus as integration disrupts the viral genome and because the cancers are defective in normal epithelial differentiation, which is required for production of progeny papillomavirus. In order to study the full viral life cycle, from the establishment to maintenance to productive stages, our lab makes use of the organotypic epithelial tissue culture system. This system allows us to mimic the three‐dimensional structure of epithelia whose differentiation is tightly linked to the completion of the HPV viral life cycle. In this chapter we describe how various aspects of the HPV life cycle are monitored in raft cultures making use of an immortalized keratinocyte cell line. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Key roles of autophagy in regulating T‐cell function
Authors: Botbol Yair , Guerrero‐Ros Ignacio , Macian Fernando 
Published: May 2016

In the past 10 years, autophagy has emerged as a crucial regulator of T‐cell homeostasis, activation, and differentiation. Through the ability to adjust the cell's proteome in response to different stimuli, different forms of autophagy have been shown to control T‐cell homeostasis and survival. Autophagic processes can also determine the magnitude of the T‐cell response to TCR engagement, by regulating the cellular levels of specific signaling intermediates and modulating the metabolic output in activated T cells. In this review we will examine the mechanisms that control autophagy activity in T cells, such as ROS signaling and signaling through common gamma‐chain cytokine receptors, and the different aspect of T‐cell biology, including T‐cell survival, effector cell function, and generation of memory, which can be regulated by autophagy.
Effects of the carrier frequency of interferential current on pain modulation and central hypersensitivity in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain: A randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Corrêa J.B. , Costa L.O.P. , Oliveira N.T.B. , Lima W.P. , Sluka K.A. , Liebano R.E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundInterferential current (IFC) is commonly used for pain relief, but the effects of carrier frequency of the current and its action on pain mechanisms remain unclear. This randomized placebo‐controlled trial tested the effects of IFC in people with chronic nonspecific low back pain.MethodsOne hundred and fifty participants were randomly allocated into three groups: 1 kHz, 4 kHz and placebo. The primary outcomes were pain intensity at rest in the first session (immediate effect of the IFC), after 12 sessions, 4 months after randomization (follow‐up) and during movement (first and last session). The secondary outcomes were disability, global perceived effect, functional performance, discomfort caused by the IFC, use of analgesics and physiological measures of pain.ResultsOnly during the first session, there was a significant decrease in pain intensity in the active groups. However, there were no differences in the improvement of pain at rest or during movement in the active groups compared to the placebo group in the remaining sessions. The frequency use of analgesics was significantly decreased in the active groups. For pain physiology measures, there was a significant increase in pressure pain thresholds in both active groups compared to the placebo group and a reduction in the temporal summation in the 1 kHz group compared to the other groups.ConclusionsThese results suggest that although the IFC has changed some physiological mechanisms of pain and showed decrease frequency use of pain medication, there was no change in the primary aim, pain intensity.What does this study add?

The interferential current (IFC) presented advantages in the physiological measures of pain and showed decrease frequency use of pain medication.

Future studies should investigate analgesic intake with IFC treatment.
Holding the Tension
Authors: Feudtner Chris 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMy colleagues and I had been asked by a member of a clinical team to help sort through the ethics of stopping a life‐sustaining intervention for a very ill child. We had already talked with the parents, the physicians, and the folks from nursing, social work, and chaplaincy. Terms like “suffering,” “cruel,” “compassion,” and “moral distress” had been uttered, as had terms like “inappropriate,” “unethical,” “neglectful,” and “risk‐management.” The group had now stuffed all of these polarizing thoughts and feelings into this cramped room with only one door. And everyone was looking at me. What skill, competency, or inner capacity must one possess to hold and manage such tension?
The Spectroscopic Features of Ionized Water Medium: Theoretical Characterization and Implication Using (H2O)n+, n=3–4, Cluster Model
Authors: Pan Piin‐Ruey , Lu En‐Ping , Kuo Jer‐Lai , Tsai Ming‐Kang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA model using (H2O)n+, n=3–4, clusters was adopted to study the spectroscopic features of ionized water medium. The finite clusters were characterized using a systematic searching algorithm to locate the stable minimum structures. The electronic transition features of the minimum structures were calculated using Symmetry Adapted Cluster/Configuration Interaction (SAC‐CI) and Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) approaches. A new type of minimum structure – SolCat, a cationic water monomer being directly solvated by two proton‐acceptor solvent molecules, was identified in addition to the proton transfer (PT) and hemibonding (Hm) isomers. CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pVTZ//CCSD/aug‐cc‐pVDZ was adopted to characterize the minimum structures of (H2O)n+, n=2–4, clusters, and this theory level provided the converged energetics for (H2O)2+ clusters and showed consistent results as the early EOM‐IP‐CC(2,3)//EOM‐IP‐CCSD calculations reported by Pieniazek et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A, 112, 6159–6170 (2008)]. For describing the larger size of clusters, BH&HLYP and BNL functionals were recommended for the economical geometry searching and sampling. The electronic transition features predicted by BH&HLYP and BNL functional gave the best vertical excitation energy with respect to the SAC‐CI method. Taking into account the population probability and the oscillator strength, the electronic transition of the transient but spectroscopically‐sensitive Hm and SolCat species could not be neglected at high temperature condition.
Comparison of three methods of interpolating soil moisture in Oklahoma
Authors: Yuan Shanshui , Quiring Steven M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTInterpolating soil moisture at the regional scale (104–107 km2) is challenging because in situ observations tend to be sparse, and hydrometeorological conditions and soil characteristics have significant spatial variability. This study is the first to apply the reduced optimal interpolation (ROI) method to soil moisture. The ROI method uses both in situ and variable infiltration capacity (VIC) simulated‐soil moisture to generate interpolated soil moisture surfaces in Oklahoma. The ROI method is based on an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis that identifies the leading spatial modes of soil moisture variation based on the model simulation and then applies these EOFs using the temporal variations in the observed soil moisture. The interpolated soil moisture surfaces generated using ROI are compared with Cokriging, which also uses VIC simulations as a secondary input, and the inverse distance weighting (IDW) approach. The accuracy of all three interpolation methods are evaluated using soil moisture measurements from 65 stations. The ROI method is significantly more accurate than IDW and it also outperforms Cokriging. We demonstrate that ROI can be used to accurately depict the spatial patterns of soil moisture at the local and regional level.
Fine Control of Side Chains in Random π‐Conjugated Terpolymers for Organic Photovoltaics
Authors: Wang Jialin , Kong Lingqiang , Liang Ziqi 
Published: May 2016

Rational molecular design of π‐conjugated donor polymers is critical for developing high‐performance organic solar cells. Random copolymerization strategy is a facile method of synergistic fine‐tuning the light absorption, HOMO/LUMO energy levels, charge mobility, and solubility of donor (D)–acceptor (A) copolymers. Terpolymers PF8TBT which composed of three components, i.e., electron‐rich 9,9‐dioctylfluorene (F8), electron‐deficient benzothiadiazole (BT), and π‐bridge thiophene (T) moieties, are designed in such a way that only F8 unit possesses soluble side‐chains. This strategy enables a facile and precise control of the influences of side chains on solubility, energy levels, molecular packing, and fullerene (PCBM) intercalation of PF8TBT. The optimal terpolymer PF8TBT21 (F8:T:BT = 0.67:1:0.33 mol%) maximally balances the solubility and the PL quenching efficiency with PCBM while exhibiting notable π–π stacking. The resulting additive‐free inverted photovoltaic cell based on the PF8TBT21:PCBM blend shows a power conversion efficiency of 3.88% with an impressive open‐circuit voltage close to 1 V.
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Thermodynamics of egg production, development and hatching in trematodes
Authors: Morley N.J. , Lewis J.W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTemperature is a key factor influencing the rate of biological processes of ectothermic animals and is intrinsically linked to climate change. Trematode parasites may be potentially susceptible to temperature changes and, in order to develop a predictive framework of their response to climate change, large-scale analyses are needed. In particular, the biology of the egg of all species is at some time influenced by environmental conditions. The present study uses Arrhenius activation energy (E*), a common measure of temperature-mediated reaction rates, to analyse experimental data from the scientific literature on the effects of temperature on the production, development and hatching of trematode eggs. Egg production declines at high temperatures, with habitat-specific climatic factors determining the optimal thermal range. Egg development, as is typical of invertebrates, shows a simple response to temperature, with minimal differences between mid- (35–60°) and low-latitude (<35°) species. Egg hatching demonstrates variable thermodynamics with high E* values at low temperature ranges and thermostability at mid-temperatures, before declining at high temperature ranges, with wide thermostable zones being a common feature. Comparisons between development and hatching indicate that these two parameters demonstrate different thermodynamical responses. The significance of these results in furthering our understanding of trematode egg biology under natural conditions is discussed.
Taking the elephant out of the room and into the corridor: can urban corridors work?
Authors: Adams Tempe S. F. , Chase Michael J. , Rogers Tracey L. , Leggett Keith E. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTransfrontier wildlife corridors can be successful conservation tools, connecting protected areas and reducing the impact of habitat fragmentation on mobile species. Urban wildlife corridors have been proposed as a potential mitigation tool to facilitate the passage of elephants through towns without causing conflict with urban communities. However, because such corridors are typically narrow and close to human development, wildlife (particularly large mammals) may be less likely to use them. We used remote-sensor camera traps and global positioning system collars to identify the movement patterns of African elephants Loxondonta africana through narrow, urban corridors in Botswana. The corridors were in three types of human-dominated land-use designations with varying levels of human activity: agricultural, industrial and open-space recreational land. We found that elephants used the corridors within all three land-use designations and we identified, using a model selection approach, that season, time of day and rainfall were important factors in determining the presence of elephants in the corridors. Elephants moved more slowly through the narrow corridors compared with their movement patterns through broader, wide-ranging corridors. Our results indicate that urban wildlife corridors are useful for facilitating elephants to pass through urban areas.
NERA 2.0: Improving coverage and performance of rule-based named entity recognition for Arabic
Authors: OUDAH MAI , SHAALAN KHALED 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNamed Entity Recognition (NER) is an essential task for many natural language processing systems, which makes use of various linguistic resources. NER becomes more complicated when the language in use is morphologically rich and structurally complex, such as Arabic. This language has a set of characteristics that makes it particularly challenging to handle. In a previous work, we have proposed an Arabic NER system that follows the hybrid approach, i.e. integrates both rule-based and machine learning-based NER approaches. Our hybrid NER system is the state-of-the-art in Arabic NER according to its performance on standard evaluation datasets. In this article, we discuss a novel methodology for overcoming the coverage drawback of rule-based NER systems in order to improve their performance and allow for automated rule update. The presented mechanism utilizes the recognition decisions made by the hybrid NER system in order to identify the weaknesses of the rule-based component and derive new linguistic rules aiming at enhancing the rule base, which will help in achieving more reliable and accurate results. We used ACE 2004 Newswire standard dataset as a resource for extracting and analyzing new linguistic rules for person, location and organization names recognition. We formulate each new rule based on two distinctive feature groups, i.e. Gazetteers of each type of named entities and Part-of-Speech tags, in particular noun and proper noun. Fourteen new patterns are derived, formulated as grammar rules, and evaluated in terms of coverage. The conducted experiments exploit a POS tagged version of the ACE 2004 NW dataset. The empirical results show that the performance of the enhanced rule-based system, i.e. NERA 2.0, improves the coverage of the previously misclassified person, location and organization named entities types by 69.93 per cent, 57.09 per cent and 54.28 per cent, respectively.
Specific microbiome-dependent mechanisms underlie the energy harvest efficiency of ruminants
Authors: Shabat Sheerli Kruger Ben , Sasson Goor , Doron-Faigenboim Adi , Durman Thomer , Yaacoby Shamay , Berg Miller Margret E , White Bryan A , Shterzer Naama , Mizrahi Itzhak 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Ruminants have the remarkable ability to convert human-indigestible plant biomass into human-digestible food products, due to a complex microbiome residing in the rumen compartment of their upper digestive tract. Here we report the discovery that rumen microbiome components are tightly linked to cows’ ability to extract energy from their feed, termed feed efficiency. Feed efficiency was measured in 146 milking cows and analyses of the taxonomic composition, gene content, microbial activity and metabolomic composition was performed on the rumen microbiomes from the 78 most extreme animals. Lower richness of microbiome gene content and taxa was tightly linked to higher feed efficiency. Microbiome genes and species accurately predicted the animals’ feed efficiency phenotype. Specific enrichment of microbes and metabolic pathways in each of these microbiome groups resulted in better energy and carbon channeling to the animal, while lowering methane emissions to the atmosphere. This ecological and mechanistic understanding of the rumen microbiome could lead to an increase in available food resources and environmentally friendly livestock agriculture.
Silk Fibroin as Edible Coating for Perishable Food Preservation
Authors: Marelli B. , Brenckle M. A. , Kaplan D. L. , Omenetto F. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe regeneration of structural biopolymers into micelles or nanoparticles suspended in water has enabled the design of new materials with unique and compelling properties that can serve at the interface between the biotic and the abiotic worlds. In this study, we leveraged silk fibroin quintessential properties (i.e. polymorphism, conformability and hydrophobicity) to design a water-based protein suspension that self-assembles on the surface of food upon dip coating. The water-based post-processing control of the protein polymorphism enables the modulation of the diffusion of gases through the silk fibroin thin membranes (e.g. O2 and CO2 diffusion, water vapour permeability), which is a key parameter to manage food freshness. In particular, an increased beta-sheet content corresponds to a reduction in oxygen diffusion through silk fibroin thin films. By using the dip coating of strawberries and bananas as proof of principle, we have shown that the formation of micrometre-thin silk fibroin membranes around the fruits helps the management of postharvest physiology of the fruits. Thus, silk fibroin coatings enhance fruits’ shelf life at room conditions by reducing cell respiration rate and water evaporation. The water-based processing and edible nature of silk fibroin makes this approach a promising alternative for food preservation with a naturally derived material.
STIM1-dependent Ca2+ microdomains are required for myofilament remodeling and signaling in the heart
Authors: Parks Cory , Alam Mohammad Afaque , Sullivan Ryan , Mancarella Salvatore 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn non-excitable cells stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is a key element in the generation of Ca2+ signals that lead to gene expression, migration and cell proliferation. A growing body of literature suggests that STIM1 plays a key role in the development of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. However, the precise mechanisms involving STIM-dependent Ca2+ signaling in the heart are not clearly established. Here, we have investigated the STIM1-associated Ca2+ signals in cardiomyocytes and their relevance to pathological cardiac remodeling. We show that mice with inducible, cardiac-restricted, ablation of STIM1 exhibited left ventricular reduced contractility, which was corroborated by impaired single cell contractility. The spatial properties of STIM1-dependent Ca2+ signals determine restricted Ca2+ microdomains that regulate myofilament remodeling and activate spatially segregated pro-hypertrophic factors. Indeed, mice lacking STIM1 showed less adverse structural remodeling in response to pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. These results highlight how STIM1-dependent Ca2+ microdomains have a major impact on intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, cytoskeletal remodeling and cellular signaling, even when excitation-contraction coupling is present.
Ultrasonic acoustic levitation for fast frame rate X-ray protein crystallography at room temperature
Authors: Tsujino Soichiro , Tomizaki Takashi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIncreasing the data acquisition rate of X-ray diffraction images for macromolecular crystals at room temperature at synchrotrons has the potential to significantly accelerate both structural analysis of biomolecules and structure-based drug developments. Using lysozyme model crystals, we demonstrated the rapid acquisition of X-ray diffraction datasets by combining a high frame rate pixel array detector with ultrasonic acoustic levitation of protein crystals in liquid droplets. The rapid spinning of the crystal within a levitating droplet ensured an efficient sampling of the reciprocal space. The datasets were processed with a program suite developed for serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX). The structure, which was solved by molecular replacement, was found to be identical to the structure obtained by the conventional oscillation method for up to a 1.8-Å resolution limit. In particular, the absence of protein crystal damage resulting from the acoustic levitation was carefully established. These results represent a key step towards a fully automated sample handling and measurement pipeline, which has promising prospects for a high acquisition rate and high sample efficiency for room temperature X-ray crystallography.