bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Jacobson’s Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Anxiety and Happiness of Older Adults in the Nursing Home
Authors: Tapeh Zahra Asgari , Darvishpour Azar , Besharati Fereshteh , Gholami- Chaboki Bahare 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Older adults encounter serious psychological challenges in addition to physical problems. Reducing stress and anxiety, along with promoting happiness, is critical to maintaining the mental health of the elderly. Jacobson’s Progressive Muscle Relaxation (JPMR) will lead to peace of mind by relieving physical stress. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of JPMR on the anxiety and happiness of older adults.

Materials and Methods:
A single-group pretest-posttest design as a type of quasi-experimental study was conducted on 34 older adults living in a nursing home in Rasht, the north of Iran, in 2021. The intervention was performed one session per week, for 8 weeks. The research instruments included the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) and the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI). Descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon test were used for data analysis.

Results:
After the intervention, the Mean (Standard Deviation [SD](of anxiety was 4.91 (1.96), and the Mean (SD) (of happiness was 37.18 (7.92). The mean score of anxiety among older adults after the intervention was significantly lower compared to the before intervention (Z = −4.73, p < 0.001). In addition, the mean score of happiness of the samples after the intervention was significantly higher compared to the before intervention (Z = −5.09, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
JPMR has a positive effect on reducing anxiety and promoting happiness in the elderly. Developing training programs and allocating time to non-pharmacological treatments such as JPMR for the elderly living in nursing homes will help make them happier and healthier.
Relationship between Vaginal Bacterial Infections and Pregnancy Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Rokni Hojjat , Ahmadi Amjad , Moradi Yousef , Nouri Bijan , Roshani Daem 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Bacterial infections are among the most serious infections worldwide. They can cause miscarriage, premature birth, stillbirth, and ectopic pregnancy in pregnant women. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between bacterial infections and pregnancy outcomes through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Materials and Methods:
PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched from January 2000 to December 2018 using appropriate keywords to identify related articles. The final related studies were selected and evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).

Results:
Results of this meta-analysis based on combining case-control studies showed that the presence of bacterial infections could lead increase in the odds of all pregnancy outcomes like premature infant birth (odd ratio [OR]: 1.50; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 1.39–1.61), preterm delivery (OR: 1.54; 95% CI, 1.39–1.70), abortion (OR: 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04–1.29), stillbirth (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12–1.49), and ectopic pregnancy (OR: 1.12; 95% CI, 1.05–-1.19). The results showed that the Risk Ratio (RR) of preterm delivery in pregnant women with vaginal infections was 1.57 (95% CI, 1.46–1.67), whereas the RR of abortion was 2.02 (95% CI, 1.72–2.38).

Conclusions:
Based on the results of this meta-analysis, the presence of bacterial infections in pregnant women can lead increase in the risk of pregnancy outcomes especially, preterm delivery, abortion, stillbirth, and ectopic pregnancy. Therefore, it is necessary for obstetricians and gynecologists to pay attention to the diagnosis of these infections in women before pregnancy and during pregnancy in order to prevent the consequences of these infections.
Implementing the Verbal and Electronic Handover in General and Psychiatric Nursing Using the Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation Framework: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lazzari Carlo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Patient handover (handoff in America) is the transfer of information and accountability among nurses assigned to patient care. Introduction, Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation (ISBAR) is currently the most popular framework for framing handovers. However, research shows that incomplete handovers and information transfers among healthcare providers and nurses exist and are responsible for adverse patient events.

Materials and Methods:
The current systematic review aims to view contemporary literature on handover, especially but not exclusively in psychiatric settings, and to extract current conditions from Electronic Patient Records (EPRs) using the ISBAR framework. A total of fifty-five scientific papers were selected to support the scoping review. Eligibility criteria included structured research to analyze outcomes, completed by reviewing policy papers and professional organization guidelines on I/SBAR handovers.

Results:
Our systematic review shows that the application of ISBAR increases interprofessional communication skills and confidence and the quality of the transfer of clinical information about patients, resulting in increased patient safety and quality of care.

Conclusions:
Implementing the knowledge and application of structured patient handover will respond to current recommendations for service improvement and quality of care. Furthermore, nurses who use ISBAR also reported its benefits as they feel they can deliver what is required for patient care information in a structured, fast, and efficient way. A further increase in the efficacy of handovers is reported by using EPR.
Breakfast Skipping and Associated Factors Among Jordanian University Students
Authors: Alshdifat Enas , Alkhawaldeh Abdullah , Albashtawy Mohammed , Ta’an Wafa’a , Mohammad Khitam , Al-Rawashdeh Sami , Malak Malakeh , Al-Modallal Hanan , Al-Dwaikat Tariq , Aljezawi Ma’en , Hamadneh Shereen , Suliman Mohammad , Abdalrahim Asem , Albashtawy Sa’d 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Although breakfast skipping among university students is a significant concern, its prevalence and the contributing factors among university students have received little attention in the literature. This study aims to determine the prevalence of skipping breakfast among Jordanian university students and examine the associated factors and variations in rates of skipping breakfast by day of the week.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students between March and May 2022 through a self-questionnaire. A convenience sample of 891 students was chosen at four Jordanian public universities. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results:
The prevalence of skipping breakfast among university students was 66%. The reasons for skipping breakfast were having no time due to oversleeping and having no feeling of hunger (59% for both), followed by having no energy to prepare the breakfast and making no difference (49% and 48%), and not being able to afford to eat or buy breakfast (19%). There is a strong correlation between eating fast food and skipping breakfast. With whom the student eats breakfast is significantly associated with breakfast skipping, revealing that the highest percentages of skipping occur with friends. About 63% of students skipped breakfast through university days compared with 37% on the weekend, while 37% of them had breakfast through university days compared with 67% on the weekend.

Conclusions:
A high percentage of university students in Jordan skip breakfast. More attention should be paid to correlating factors and developing interventions to help students adhere to the breakfast.
Boundary Aware Semantic Segmentation using Pyramid-dilated Dense U-Net for Lung Segmentation in Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Agnes S. Akila 
Published: September 2024

Aim:
The main objective of this work is to propose an efficient segmentation model for accurate and robust lung segmentation from computed tomography (CT) images, even when the lung contains abnormalities such as juxtapleural nodules, cavities, and consolidation.

Methodology:
A novel deep learning-based segmentation model, pyramid-dilated dense U-Net (PDD-U-Net), is proposed to directly segment lung regions from the whole CT image. The model is integrated with pyramid-dilated convolution blocks to capture and preserve multi-resolution spatial features effectively. In addition, shallow and deeper stream features are embedded in the nested U-Net structure at the decoder side to enhance the segmented output. The effect of three loss functions is investigated in this paper, as the medical image analysis method requires precise boundaries. The proposed PDD-U-Net model with shape-aware loss function is tested on the lung CT segmentation challenge (LCTSC) dataset with standard lung CT images and the lung image database consortium-image database resource initiative (LIDC-IDRI) dataset containing both typical and pathological lung CT images.

Results:
The performance of the proposed method is evaluated using Intersection over Union, dice coefficient, precision, recall, and average Hausdorff distance metrics. Segmentation results showed that the proposed PDD-U-Net model outperformed other segmentation methods and achieved a 0.983 dice coefficient for the LIDC-IDRI dataset and a 0.994 dice coefficient for the LCTSC dataset.

Conclusions:
The proposed PDD-U-Net model with shape-aware loss function is an effective and accurate method for lung segmentation from CT images, even in the presence of abnormalities such as cavities, consolidation, and nodules. The model’s integration of pyramid-dilated convolution blocks and nested U-Net structure at the decoder side, along with shape-aware loss function, contributed to its high segmentation accuracy. This method could have significant implications for the computer-aided diagnosis system, allowing for quick and accurate analysis of lung regions.
Feasibility of Four-dimensional Adaptation of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy Based on Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy-computed Tomography
Authors: Zhao Xiaodong , Zhang Rui 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) has been increasingly used for cancer patients due to the fast delivery and improved dose conformity. Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) can significantly decrease dose to normal tissues and allow for dose escalation. However, current imaging techniques cannot provide four-dimensional (4D) patient anatomy or dose information during VMAT, which is critical for ART that involves respiratory motion. A novel imaging tool named VMAT–computed tomography (VMAT-CT) has the potential to reveal intra-fractional patient information. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of 4D adaptive VMAT based on 4D VMAT-CT.

Materials and Methods:
A commercial QUASAR respiratory phantom and an in-house deformable lung phantom were used in this study, and lung VMAT plans, including 4D union plan and 4D ART plan, were generated for the phantoms. A real lung patient’s plan was also used in this feasibility study. ART plans based on 4D VMAT-CT were created for the phantoms and the real patient when planning goals were not met. Dose escalation plan based on 4D VMAT-CT was also created for the real patient.

Results:
Planning target volume (PTV) coverage for the QUASAR phantom was 85.5% after breathing pattern being changed, and went up to 95% after adaptive re-planning. PTV coverage for the deformable phantom was 93% after deformation and breathing pattern being changed, and went up to 95% after re-planning. Re-planning and dose escalation were feasible and can spare normal tissues for the real patient. 4D ART plan based on 4D VMAT-CT required smaller margins than 4D union plan while maintaining the same prescription dose coverage.

Conclusions:
ART based on 4D VMAT-CT is feasible and would potentially facilitate re-planning and PTV dose escalation for VMAT patients who have the motion issue.
Needs Assessment to Incorporate Saudi Human Genome Project and Personalized Medicine into Saudi Undergraduate Medical Curriculum
Authors: El Naggar Marwa Ahmed 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
The Saudi Human Genome Program (SHGP) is one of the groundbreaking national programs and the largest genome initiative in the Middle East. His Royal Highness has put the growth of the health-care sector at the top of government priorities to ensure and increase the welfare of the Saudi nation. There are a few studies about needs assessment to incorporate the Saudi Human Genome and personalized medicine in Saudi Arabia's medical curricula until now.

Aim:
This study aimed to assess the need to incorporate Saudi Human Genome theme and personalized medicine into the Saudi undergraduate medical curriculum.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional descriptive study was implemented and a simple random sample of 28 faculty members and medical educationists working inside KSA was taken. The study followed Kern's six-step approach to curriculum development designed by Kern et al. 2005, by the application of its first four steps: (i) problem identification and general needs assessment, (ii) targeted needs assessment, (iii) goals and objectives, (iv) educational strategies, (v) implementation, and (vi) evaluation and feedback. A self-administered questionnaire was designed on Google Forms and distributed electronically by E-mail and WhatsApp groups to assess faculty members' needs determine course objectives and teaching methods, and level, and determine the departments that will manage it, and students' assessment tools.

Results:
Twenty-eight medical educationists and faculty members from different specialties participated in the study. 26 (92.9%) and 16 (57.10%) of the study population stated that their undergraduate medical curriculum did not address the topics of the Saudi Human Genome and personalized medicine, respectively. Twenty-two (78.60%) agreed that there is a need to incorporate both topics in the curriculum. Twenty-four (85.70%) agreed that incorporating SHGP will familiarize students with the importance of genetic counseling in reducing and preventing hereditary and genetic diseases.

Conclusion:
There is a lack of incorporation of the Saudi Human Genome Project and personalized medicine into the Saudi medical curriculum, and there is a need to incorporate both topics into it to gauge its effectiveness and identify areas for its implementation improvement.
A Rare Case of Rectal Adenocarcinoma and Small-Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumor in a Young Patient with Long-Standing Crohn's Disease
Authors: Azzam Nahla 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The association of adenocarcinoma of the colon and neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of the small bowel has been previously described in Crohn's disease (CD), however the concomitance of both neoplasms is extremely rare. Here, the author reports a rare case of both rectal adenocarcinoma and small-bowel NET in a young male with long-standing CD.

Case Report:
The patient presented with clinical and radiological features of intestinal obstruction 2 years posttotal colectomy and end ileostomy for rectal cancer and found to have ileal NET.

Conclusion:
Small-bowel NET symptoms can mimic CD and is a rare entity, but physicians should suspect NETs in CD patients presenting with intestinal obstruction.
The Incidence and Severity of Menopausal Symptoms and their Impact on the Quality of Work: A Cross-Sectional Study in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Albugami Muneerah , Naguib Rania , Alhawsawi Manar , Bashiri Rahmah , Almutairi Mashaeel , Mohiden Maya 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
The number of working Saudi women is significantly increased. Many women go through menopause when in employment. This work aims to assess the severity of menopausal symptoms (MS) among working Saudi women.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study of Saudi women working at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), aged 45–55 years. It is a self-administered questionnaire about the Menopause Rating Scale assessing the severity of MS and their effect on the work.

Results:
11.8% of participants had severe/very severe MS; the most common MS were irritability, anxiety, depressive mood, and sleep problems. There was a significant association between osteoarthritis and joint pain of MS. MS that had a negative impact on work were tiredness/lack of energy, sleep disturbances, mood swings, joint and muscular aches followed by irritability/anxiety, and hot flushes/sweating. There was no statistically significant association between the severity of MS and body mass index or marital status or educational level, occupation, income, medical conditions, or physical exercise. The majority of women at PNU found that the work environment had a minimum negative impact on their MS. The most common strategies to manage MS at the workplace were wearing appropriate clothing and getting more information about menopause. The actions that help improve the workplace to cope with MS were flexible working hours, better ventilation, air-conditioning, and temperature control, access to informal support at work, and administration awareness of menopause as a health problem.

Conclusion:
Working Saudi women have mild-moderate MS. The work environment at PNU had a minimum negative impact on MS.
Clinical Outcomes of Patients Attending a Flu Clinic at a Tertiary Health-Care Facility in India during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Agarwal Neeraj , Pandey Sanjay , Mishra Abhisek , Biswas Bijit , Lohani Pallavi 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
In response to ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic, flu clinics were set by most of the hospitals all over India to screen patients for the disease. The study aimed to find out treatment outcome of patients attending a flu clinic at a tertiary health-care facility.

Methods:
It is an observational study, cross-sectional in design. The study used data routinely collected at the flu clinic of a selected tertiary health-care facility of a selected state of India. Data collected between March 22, 2020, and May 31, 2020 were used for the study.

Results:
Among 3873 study participants

,
364 (9.4%) required admission in COVID-19 isolation ward for testing, while 1536 (39.6%) were referred for further management and the rest being symptomatically managed or home quarantined. In multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis, females, lockdown phases, symptomatic, severe acute respiratory illness patients, those with contact history with a COVID-19 case, chronic comorbidities, and health worker had significantly higher odds of being admitted in COVID-19 isolation ward compared to others. Those who belonged to the age group of 16–30 years had significantly lower odds of admission. On the other hand, age, sex, lockdown phases, native district COVID-19 risk category, symptom status, chronic comorbidity, contact history, travel history. and profession were significant predictors of referral for further management.

Conclusion:
Half of the study participants were home quarantined or symptomatically managed. Age, sex, symptom status, contact history, travel history, chronic comorbidity, and profession were significant predictors for their treatment outcome.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Awareness toward Autopsy Practice among King Saud University Medical Students
Authors: Aljerian K , AlHogail N , Alaqeel SA , Alderaan KM , Al-Hawamdeh AT , Alhudhaif HJ 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
The present study was undertaken to understand the level of awareness, education, and motivations of medical students toward the practice of autopsy.

Methods:
We distributed 213 questionnaires among undergraduate medical students. A total of 199 participants gave informed consent to be enrolled in this study and agreed to the anonymous publication of the findings. After data curation, the data were coded and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SmartPLS software).

Results:
Saudi medical students who studied the autopsy course find a student’s ideology to be a determinant variable governing the perception of autopsy performance. Their acquisition of knowledge about autopsy did not suffice to change their attitude toward performing autopsies. However, the students’ self-reported awareness positively affects their attitude toward performing autopsy.

Conclusions:
The students think that autopsy causes neither disfigurement nor disrespect of the cadaver. Nevertheless, the inclusion of a more hands-on approach could help include the “hidden curriculum,” i.e., the crucial aspects that escape formal teaching and arise from watching teachers, their attitudes, techniques, and interests. The insights obtained from this study aim to improve and advance forensic studies among medical students in Saudi Arabia.
Role of Basic Healthcare Structures in Strengthening the COVID-19 Response Strategy
Authors: Mharchi Saliha , El Mostafa Ben , Maamri Abdellatif 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
In June 2020, the Oujda-Angad prefecture recorded the highest number of positive cases at the regional level. In this context, our objective is to improve the quality of care for COVID-19 patients through the implementation of an effective response strategy.

Material and Methods:
This monocentric, retrospective study was carried out in two health care facilities: A Regional Hospital Center AL FARABI, and a first-level health center (Health Centers), in order to record the number of patients treated by each facility. In addition, we report in parallel the different decisions issued by the persons in charge during this same period since the registration of the first case COVID-19 March 2020 until January 2021 in the prefecture of Oujda-Angad, capital of the eastern region of Morocco.

Results:
The response strategy installed was based on a set of decisions, of which the involvement of the first-line health centers was the main action. Since their involvement, these centers have responded by performing from November to May 2020 (9457 tests) for suspected cases, of which 4760 (50%) were detected positive. 3956 of them were managed at home (83%), and 682 (14.32%) were referred to regional hospital facilities. The case fatality rate recorded in hospitals was 2.56% (122 cases).

Conclusion:
Different strategies have been put in place at the level of the prefecture of Oujda-Angad in its response plan, based on international experiences (containment and mitigation strategy) and local decisions (involvement of frontline facilities in the care of COVID-19 patients). The epidemiological situation has been stabilized, and the number of cases has decreased because of these actions.