bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene networks activated by specific patterns of action potentials in dorsal root ganglia neurons
Authors: Lee Philip R. , Cohen Jonathan E. , Iacobas Dumitru A. , Iacobas Sanda , Fields R. Douglas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGene regulatory networks underlie the long-term changes in cell specification, growth of synaptic connections, and adaptation that occur throughout neonatal and postnatal life. Here we show that the transcriptional response in neurons is exquisitely sensitive to the temporal nature of action potential firing patterns. Neurons were electrically stimulated with the same number of action potentials, but with different inter-burst intervals. We found that these subtle alterations in the timing of action potential firing differentially regulates hundreds of genes, across many functional categories, through the activation or repression of distinct transcriptional networks. Our results demonstrate that the transcriptional response in neurons to environmental stimuli, coded in the pattern of action potential firing, can be very sensitive to the temporal nature of action potential delivery rather than the intensity of stimulation or the total number of action potentials delivered. These data identify temporal kinetics of action potential firing as critical components regulating intracellular signalling pathways and gene expression in neurons to extracellular cues during early development and throughout life.
A wogonin-rich-fraction of Scutellaria baicalensis root extract exerts chondroprotective effects by suppressing IL-1β-induced activation of AP-1 in human OA chondrocytes
Authors: Khan Nazir M. , Haseeb Abdul , Ansari Mohammad Y. , Haqqi Tariq M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common joint disorder with varying degrees of inflammation and sustained oxidative stress. The root extract of Scutellaria baicalensis (SBE) has been used for the treatment of inflammatory and other diseases. Here, we performed activity-guided HPLC-fractionation of SBE, identified the active ingredient(s) and investigated its chondroprotective potential. We found that the Wogonin containing fraction-4 (F4) was the most potent fraction based on its ability to inhibit ROS production and the suppression of catabolic markers including IL-6, COX-2, iNOS, MMP-3, MMP-9, MMP-13 and ADAMTS-4 in IL-1β-treated OA chondrocytes. OA chondrocytes treated with F4 in the presence of IL-1β showed significantly enhanced expression of anabolic genes ACAN and COL2A1. In an in vitro model of cartilage degradation treatment with F4 inhibited s-GAG release from IL-1β-treated human cartilage explants. The inhibitory effect of F4 was not mediated through the inhibition of MAPKs and NF-κB activation but was mediated through the suppression of c-Fos/AP-1 activity at transcriptional and post transcriptional levels in OA chondrocytes. Purified Wogonin mimicked the effects of F4 in IL-1β-stimulated OA chondrocytes. Our data demonstrates that a Wogonin-rich fraction of SBE exert chondroprotective effects through the suppression of c-Fos/AP-1 expression and activity in OA chondrocytes under pathological conditions.
SENP3-mediated deSUMOylation of Drp1 facilitates interaction with Mff to promote cell death
Authors: Guo Chun , Wilkinson Kevin A. , Evans Ashley J. , Rubin Philip P. , Henley Jeremy M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe GTPase dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is essential for physiological and pathophysiological mitochondrial fission. DeSUMOylation of Drp1 by the enzyme SENP3 promotes cell death during reperfusion after ischaemia by enhancing Drp1 partitioning to the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM), which causes cytochrome c release and apoptosis. However, how deSUMOylation recruits Drp1 to the MOM is unknown. Here we show that deSUMOylation selectively promotes Drp1 binding to the MOM resident adaptor protein mitochondrial fission factor (Mff). Consistent with this, preventing Drp1 SUMOylation by mutating the SUMO acceptor sites enhances binding to Mff. Conversely, increasing Drp1 SUMOylation by knocking down SENP3 reduces both Drp1 binding to Mff and stress-induced cytochrome c release. Directly tethering Drp1 to the MOM bypasses the need for Mff to evoke cytochrome c release, and occludes the effect of SENP3 overexpression. Thus, Drp1 deSUMOylation promotes cell death by enhancing Mff-mediated mitochondrial recruitment. These data provide a mechanistic explanation for how the SUMOylation status of Drp1 acts as a key switch in cell death/survival decisions following extreme cell stress.
IL-6 ameliorates acute lung injury in influenza virus infection
Authors: Yang Mei-Lin , Wang Chung-Teng , Yang Shiu-Ju , Leu Chia-Hsing , Chen Shun-Hua , Wu Chao-Liang , Shiau Ai-Li 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInterleukin 6 (IL-6) is involved in innate and adaptive immune responses to defend against pathogens. It also participates in the process of influenza infection by affecting viral clearance and immune cell responses. However, whether IL-6 impacts lung repair in influenza pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we studied the role of IL-6 in acute influenza infection in mice. IL-6-deficient mice infected with influenza virus exhibited higher lethality, lost more body weight and had higher fibroblast accumulation and lower extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover in the lung than their wild-type counterparts. Deficiency in IL-6 enhanced proliferation, migration and survival of lung fibroblasts, as well as increased virus-induced apoptosis of lung epithelial cells. IL-6-deficient lung fibroblasts produced elevated levels of TGF-β, which may contribute to their survival. Furthermore, macrophage recruitment to the lung and phagocytic activities of macrophages during influenza infection were reduced in IL-6-deficient mice. Collectively, our results indicate that IL-6 is crucial for lung repair after influenza-induced lung injury through reducing fibroblast accumulation, promoting epithelial cell survival, increasing macrophage recruitment to the lung and enhancing phagocytosis of viruses by macrophages. This study suggests that IL-6 may be exploited for lung repair during influenza infection.
Study on the noncoincidence effect phenomenon using matrix isolated Raman spectra and the proposed structural organization model of acetone in condense phase
Authors: Xu Wenwen , Wu Fengqi , Zhao Yanying , Zhou Ran , Wang Huigang , Zheng Xuming , Ni Bukuo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe isotropic and anisotropic Raman spectra of acetone and deuterated acetone isolated in an argon matrix have been recorded for the understanding of noncoincidence effect (NCE) phenomenon. According to the matrix isolated Raman spectra and DFT calculations, we proposed aggregated model for the explanations of the acetone C=O vibration NCE phenomenon and its concentration effect. The experimental data were in consistence with the DFT calculations performed at the B3LYP-D3/6-311 G (d,p) levels based on the proposed model. The experimental identification of the monomer, dimer and trimer are reported here, and the dynamic of the transformation from monomer to aggregated structure can be easily controlled by tuning annealing temperature.
Multifork chromosome replication in slow-growing bacteria
Authors: Trojanowski Damian , Hołówka Joanna , Ginda Katarzyna , Jakimowicz Dagmara , Zakrzewska-Czerwińska Jolanta 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe growth rates of bacteria must be coordinated with major cell cycle events, including chromosome replication. When the doubling time (Td) is shorter than the duration of chromosome replication (C period), a new round of replication begins before the previous round terminates. Thus, newborn cells inherit partially duplicated chromosomes. This phenomenon, which is termed multifork replication, occurs among fast-growing bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. In contrast, it was historically believed that slow-growing bacteria (including mycobacteria) do not reinitiate chromosome replication until the previous round has been completed. Here, we use single-cell time-lapse analyses to reveal that mycobacterial cell populations exhibit heterogeneity in their DNA replication dynamics. In addition to cells with non-overlapping replication rounds, we observed cells in which the next replication round was initiated before completion of the previous replication round. We speculate that this heterogeneity may reflect a relaxation of cell cycle checkpoints, possibly increasing the ability of slow-growing mycobacteria to adapt to environmental conditions.
A temporal proteome dynamics study reveals the molecular basis of induced phenotypic resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis at sub-lethal rifampicin concentrations
Authors: Giddey Alexander D. , de Kock Elise , Nakedi Kehilwe C. , Garnett Shaun , Nel Andrew J. M. , Soares Nelson C. , Blackburn Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn the last 40 years only one new antitubercular drug has been approved, whilst resistance to current drugs, including rifampicin, is spreading. Here, we used the model organism Mycobacterium smegmatis to study mechanisms of phenotypic mycobacterial resistance, employing quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to investigate the temporal effects of sub-lethal concentrations of rifampicin on the mycobacterial proteome at time-points corresponding to early response, onset of bacteriostasis and early recovery. Across 18 samples, a total of 3,218 proteins were identified from 31,846 distinct peptides averaging 16,250 identified peptides per sample. We found evidence that two component signal transduction systems (e.g. MprA/MprB) play a major role during initial mycobacterial adaptive responses to sub-lethal rifampicin and that, after dampening an initial SOS response, the bacteria supress the DevR (DosR) regulon and also upregulate their transcriptional and translational machineries. Furthermore, we found a co-ordinated dysregulation in haeme and mycobactin synthesis. Finally, gradual upregulation of the M. smegmatis-specific rifampin ADP-ribosyl transferase was observed which, together with upregulation of transcriptional and translational machinery, likely explains recovery of normal growth. Overall, our data indicates that in mycobacteria, sub-lethal rifampicin triggers a concerted phenotypic response that contrasts significantly with that observed at higher antimicrobial doses.
Knockdown of the MAPK p38 pathway increases the susceptibility of Chilo suppressalis larvae to Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ca toxin
Authors: Qiu Lin , Fan Jinxing , Liu Lang , Zhang Boyao , Wang Xiaoping , Lei Chaoliang , Lin Yongjun , Ma Weihua 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) produces a wide range of toxins that are effective against a number of insect pests. Identifying the mechanisms responsible for resistance to Bt toxin will improve both our ability to control important insect pests and our understanding of bacterial toxicology. In this study, we investigated the role of MAPK pathways in resistance against Cry1Ca toxin in Chilo suppressalis, an important lepidopteran pest of rice crops. We first cloned the full-length of C. suppressalis mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, ERK1, and ERK2, and a partial sequence of JNK (hereafter Csp38, CsERK1, CsERK2 and CsJNK). We could then measure the up-regulation of these MAPK genes in larvae at different times after ingestion of Cry1Ca toxin. Using RNA interference to knockdown Csp38, CsJNK, CsERK1 and CsERK2 showed that only knockdown of Csp38 significantly increased the mortality of larvae to Cry1Ca toxin ingested in either an artificial diet, or after feeding on transgenic rice expressed Cry1Ca. These results suggest that MAPK p38 is responsible for the resistance of C. suppressalis larvae to Bt Cry1Ca toxin.
Algorithmus zur Aufnahme und Überwachung von Alkoholisierten im Rahmen der Sanitätsstation auf dem Münchner Oktoberfest
Authors: Fischer F. , Wagner F. , Eyer F. 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungAuf der Sanitätsstation des Münchner Oktoberfestes kommt seit 2010 ein Algorithmus zur Überwachung alkoholisierter Patienten zum Einsatz. Orientiert an ABCDE-Schemen und mit stringenter Überwachung wird somit die Betreuung von rund 18% der behandlungsbedürftigen Patienten sichergestellt. Dadurch ist eine effektive und strukturierte Überwachung gewährleistet, die vorgestellt wird.
Die Segregationsanalyse bei erblichen Augenerkrankungen – akademisches Extra oder notwendiger Aufwand?
Authors: Preising M. , Bolz H. 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungAugenerkrankungen werden zunehmend mit einer genetischen Ursache verknüpft und damit als erblich beschrieben. Besonders im Bereich der Netzhauterkrankungen steht die genetische Ursache im Vordergrund. Aber auch Entwicklungsstörungen des Auges, und hier insbesondere Vorabschnittsdysgenesien, Katarakte und gestörte Entwicklungen der Augengrundstruktur, beruhen häufig auf genetischen Ursachen. Darüber hinaus sind Augenerkrankungen Teilmanifestationen vieler genetisch bedingter Syndrome. Der Stellenwert der Genetik in der Ophthalmologie ist mittlerweile unbestritten. Die genetische Beratung ist Fachärzten für Humangenetik oder Ärzten anderer Fachrichtungen, die über die Zusatzbezeichnung „Medizinische Genetik“ verfügen, vorbehalten. Dennoch werden Augenärzte zunehmend gefordert, weil die Zunahme therapeutischer Optionen ein grundlegendes Wissen um die genetischen Ursachen und ihrer Identifikation erfordert. Erste Voraussetzung ist, potenziell erbliche Augenerkrankungen zu erkennen, um dann eine entsprechende genetische Analyse zur Diagnosesicherung zu veranlassen. Dieser Artikel befasst sich mit den notwendigen und möglichen Untersuchungen in der Familie des Patienten, die nach der Feststellung der genetischen Ursache einer Augenerkrankung auf den Ophthalmologen zukommen.
The influence of silicon content on physical properties of non-oriented silicon steel
Authors: Hawezy Diween 
Published: March 2017

Electric motors make up a large portion of our global electricity consumption and have enjoyed a long history doing so. Electrical steels are popularly used materials in electric motors to improve their performance. This has made them prime candidates for increasing the energy efficiency of electric motors, especially given concerns regarding energy conservation. Now manufacturers of electrical steels have been prompted to seek increasingly efficient electrical steels to provide a more competitive product. This literature review focuses on one specific metallurgical aspect – the defining trait of electrical steels; silicon content and its resulting influence on the physical properties. From the literature review it is concluded that the application requirement and functionality must be considered thoroughly when deciding silicon content. This review was submitted as part of the 2017 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged
Spatiotemporal Stability Patterns of Brook Trout Abundance and Implications for Stream Research and Monitoring
Authors: Hilderbrand Robert H. , Kazyak David C. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
High spatial and temporal variation in many stream resident trout populations complicates basic sampling questions. We used 4 years of census data from 3 km of stream to examine (1) spatial and temporal stability in Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations and the implications for representative reaches, (2) stream lengths necessary to estimate abundance and biomass, and (3) comparative performance of site selection methods. Sections of highest relative abundance and biomass were consistently high across years and had significantly lower coefficients of variation. Greater pool area and depth were associated with higher temporal stability, which suggests that sections with the best habitats can serve as effective representative reaches for trend monitoring. However, extrapolating from reference reaches grossly overestimated the census size. Randomizing site sections generally required less stream to estimate population size at a desired precision, but the required stream lengths were sensitive to the census size; less stream was required in years of higher abundances. Regardless of the year, sampling at least 10% of the available stream length was required under most scenarios, with some requiring substantially more. Our results highlight trade-offs between the information needs versus the effort required and the importance of tailoring sampling strategy to the question.
Received August 3, 2016; accepted December 2, 2016 Published online March 3, 2017
Incubation of Landlocked Fall Chinook Salmon Eggs in Petri Dishes
Authors: Neumiller Hannah K , Blain Gretchen A , Barnes Michael E 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The use of production-sized incubators for experiments on eggs from fish populations that have limited egg numbers can be problematic because of the risks associated with potentially hazardous treatments on large numbers of eggs. This study evaluated the technique of incubating small numbers of eggs from landlocked fall Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in petri dishes from shortly after fertilization through hatch. In the first experiment at 9°C, each dish held 10 eggs. Three water change intervals were used before the eyed stage: every day, every 3 d, and every 7 d. After egg eye-up, each original water treatment was divided into water changes of either every day or every 3 d, creating a total of six water change treatments. Water change treatments were the same in the second experiment, but each dish held 15 eggs and the water temperature was 11°C. No significant differences among the treatments were observed in survival to the eyed egg stage or to hatch in either of the experiments. The start of hatching was 55 incubation days in the first experiment at 9°C and 46 d in the second experiment at 11°C. The results from this study indicate that 10 and 15 landlocked fall Chinook Salmon eggs incubated at temperatures of 9°C and 11°C, respectively, can be successfully hatched in petri dishes with water changes of every 7 d before eye-up and every 3 d after eye-up, making this a viable technique for use with future experimentation.
Promoting Compliance When Faith Gets in the Way
Authors: Haynes Barbara Lodge 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT:
Sixty-six percent of U.S. Christians report they believe God can heal supernaturally, 68% have prayed for someone to be healed supernaturally by God, and 27% state they have experienced a miraculous physical healing. Christians who hold such beliefs may struggle with seeking and adhering to a prescribed healthcare regimen, as well as experience shame. A health education seminar assisting congregants to view healthcare as compatible with faith was implemented and evaluated in a Christian faith community.
Building Spiritual Care in Nursing
Authors: Ku Ya-Lie 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT:
This paper describes the overview of Ku's spiritual literature on nursing through five stages in Taiwan: the development of a spiritual framework, a scale of spiritual distress, a spiritual care model, a spiritual nursing course, and a spiritual care book in nursing. The article demonstrates the process of building spiritual care in nursing from constructing theoretical frameworks, measurements, and applying to education. The integrative overview of Ku's spiritual studies developed in this article could be an example in clinical and education fields for nurse administrators to develop spiritual capabilities.
Poorly Controlled Diabetes in New York City: Mapping High-Density Neighborhoods
Authors: Wu Winfred Y. , Jiang Qun , Di Lonardo Steve S. 
Published: March 2017

Objective:
To identify geographic areas in New York City (NYC) for implementing programming focused on reducing the burden attributed to poor glycemic control and improving the health of New Yorkers.

Design:
We geocoded addresses of NYC residents in the NYC Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1C) Registry with high (>9%) HbA1c test values from 2011 to 2013 on an NYC base map. The ArcGIS point density spatial analysis tool was applied to create a map of NYC residents with diabetes in poor glycemic control.

Setting:
The setting for HbA1c testing was medical facilities within NYC.

Participants:
The study population included NYC residents (excluding undomiciled persons and addresses corresponding to prisons, hospitals, or nursing homes) 18 years or older who underwent HbA1c testing from 2011 to 2013.

Main Outcome Measures:
A map depicting point density of NYC residents with poor glycemic control was developed each year from 2011 to 2013 (2011: n = 70 359; 2012: n = 75 643; 2013: n = 78 694).

Results:
Particularly, high densities of persons in poor glycemic control were identified in Flatbush, East Harlem, Washington Heights/Inwood, and the South Bronx. The 2 highest-density gradients (out of 9) covered approximately 1.7% of the total habitable area in NYC, while accounting for more than 1 in 10 (10.5%) persons in poor glycemic control. The 3 highest-density gradients covered 4.1% of NYC's habitable area and accounted for more than 1 in 5 (21.9%) persons in poor glycemic control.

Conclusion:
The point density analysis highlighted several defined geographic areas representing a meaningful proportion of the population in poor glycemic control. This analysis could be used to raise community awareness and guide potential programming focused on reducing the burden of poor glycemic control such as the placement of diabetes self-management education classes, community health workers, and farmers' markets. Given the geographic breadth of NYC and limited resources, focused efforts on these defined areas would reach a sizeable number of the at-risk population.
Management of MEN1 Related Nonfunctioning Pancreatic NETs: A Shifting Paradigm
Authors: Nell Sjoerd , Verkooijen Helena M. , Pieterman Carolina R. C. , de Herder Wouter W. , Hermus Ad R. , Dekkers Olaf M. , van der Horst-Schrivers Anouk N. , Drent Madeleine L. , Bisschop Peter H. , Havekes Bas , Borel Rinkes Inne H. M. , Vriens Menno R. , Valk Gerlof D. 
Published: March 2017

Objective:
To assess if surgery for Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) related nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-pNETs) is effective for improving overall survival and preventing liver metastasis.

Background:
MEN1 leads to multiple early-onset NF-pNETs. The evidence base for guiding the difficult decision who and when to operate is meager.

Methods:
MEN1 patients diagnosed with NF-pNETs between 1990 and 2014 were selected from the DutchMEN1 Study Group database, including > 90% of the Dutch MEN1 population. The effect of surgery was estimated using time-dependent Cox analysis with propensity score restriction and adjustment.

Results:
Of the 152 patients, 53 underwent surgery and 99 were managed by watchful waiting. In the surgery group, tumors were larger and faster-growing, patients were younger, more often male, and were more often treated in centers that operated more frequently. Surgery for NF-pNETs was not associated with a significantly lower risk of liver metastases or death, [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) = 0.73 (0.25–2.11)]. Adjusted HR's after stratification by tumor size were: NF-pNETs <2 cm = 2.04 (0.31–13.59) and NF-pNETs 2–3 cm = 1.38 (0.09–20.31). Five out of the 6 patients with NF-pNETs >3 cm managed by watchful waiting developed liver metastases or died compared with 6 out of the 16 patients who underwent surgery.

Conclusions:
MEN1 patients with NF-pNETs <2 cm can be managed by watchful waiting, hereby avoiding major surgery without loss of oncological safety. The beneficial effect of a surgery in NF-pNETs 2 to 3 cm requires further research. In patients with NF-pNETs >3 cm, watchful waiting seems not advisable.