bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling the Parent-Child Type Well Construction for Identifying Refracturing Candidate: A Perspective from Reserves Booking
Authors: Liu Junping , Pan Yuewei , Zheng Jing , Wang Junlei , Bi Ran 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Well interference is commonly observed as fracture-driven-interaction (FDI) in unconventional reservoir developments and has a critical impact on well production performance. This paper presents a simple yet rigorous method to scale the production profile from parent and child analog wells used to construct type wells to common reference conditions, including productivity potential, proppant/frac-fluid intensity, fracture stage spacing, lateral length and well spacing, etc. A scaling technique is proposed to average the available analog wells in an area of interest to the proposed new wells’ locations that may have varying geological and engineering properties. Further from the reserves booking perspective, the proposed new child wells may not be economic in a certain area based on the scaled production profile. The adjacent parent wells could be re-scaled with the refracturing design and determined as the candidates.
In this study, we first establish the representative type well for existing parent and child well groups with P90-P10 interval based on the PNR transformed production data using Arps decline. The flow regime transitions are identified in each type well curve P90-P10. These reference profiles can then be rescaled to design conditions for undrilled wells. Particularly, the production profile of parent-child well pattern for specific uneconomic locations can be identified. Further, the underperforming parent wells with limited drainage pore volume are also selected and rescaled regarding the reference conditions to determine the possibilities of being refracturing candidates. This paper provides a workflow and examples based on actual field data showcasing the applicability and efficacy of analysis, scaling, rescaling, and type well construction.
The successful application in field cases proves the workflow recommended in this paper to be of necessity for field-wise decision-making. The outcomes of this study are threefold: 1) Type well generation for normal and FDI well groups are critical to predict EURs for any undrilled well, uncertainty quantification enables the analyst to maintain the consistency and minimize the discrepancy;2) Scaling and re-scaling ascribed to the potential uplift completion design facilitate the analysts to identify the uneconomic reserve bookings; Thus, 3) the potential refracturing candidate can be determined.
Shaping the Future of PDC Bit Performance – A Superior Approach to Hard Rock Drilling
Authors: Bailey M. J. , Suleiman A. , Roberts S. , Doudou S. , Perez J. , Hinai M. Al , Rashdi A. Al 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
This paper discusses efficiency improvements observed using Faceted, or surface-flanked, polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters in one of the toughest and most challenging hard rock sections in the Arabian Peninsula. Through lab testing and field trials, this work examines the performance of this innovative surface-shaped PDC technology. It presents results, insights, plausible prospects, and upcoming developments.
Two main variants of this Faceted PDC cutter design were lab and field-tested: a V-shaped version, Faceted Point Edge (FPE), and a round version, Faceted Round Shape (FRS). Both tests centered on drilling efficiency and cutting mechanism improvements. Field tests in a hard rock application validated the results. An operator drilled similar sections across six fields. A total of 151 runs were conducted with 29 specific runs, which included both FRS and FPE variants; the results were compared with the company's legacy and competitor PDC bits in the same fields.
Initial lab testing delivered excellent results for the FRS, including a 20% reduction in required vertical force compared to a conventional cylindrical/round planar cutter. This is due to its multi-faceted surface, which improves cuttings removal and rock-failing efficiency. The surface-shaped profile on the FRS also led to a 35% reduction in frictional losses. FPE showed a 30% reduction in vertical force and rate of penetration (ROP) improvements compared to a typical round and planar PDC geometry due to the efficiency of the V-shaped combined with the multi-dimensional surface flanking benefits like the FRS design.
Field results from 151 total runs, including FRS and FPE cutters, correlated with laboratory efficiency observations. On average, there were up to 20% run meterage and up to 56% ROP improvements compared to planar cutter offset bit runs (combining company and competition fixed-cutter bits). These gains were seen as particularly significant in intermediate and deeper portions compared to shallower parts of this hard rock application. At the same time, they exhibited similar dull results to the legacy PDC bits used in these sections. Such positive results are also reflected in drilling economics, with a captured average Cost Per Meter (CPM) reduction between 9% and 16%.
This paper proposes a structured work investigating benefits using Faceted PDCs, showcasing tangible improvements in one of the most challenging sections in the Arabian Peninsula. These findings will improve the industry's understanding of the key advantages of implementing surface-flanked cutters not only in the Middle East but also in hard rock applications globally.
Acid Job Limit in Proppant-Fractured Formations Across Various Formation Types
Authors: Karazincir O. , Li Y. , Zaki K. , Descant F. J. , Williams W. , Rijken P. , Rickards A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHF-based matrix acid treatments are beneficial in removing fines damage in sandstone formations and restoring productivity. In a proppant-fractured formation, fines dissolution/formation stimulation and proppant embedment/conductivity reduction can become competing factors after multi-cycle HF treatments. Consequently, there could exist an "Acid job limit" beyond which the benefit from additional acid treatments is concealed by conductivity loss caused by a weakened formation rock. This study is aimed at establishing an acid job limit for sandstone formations of varying rock strength/fines migration potential. Current study results with high UCS/low- medium porosity sandstone core were compared with those from intermediate UCS/medium porosity core. While a clear acid-job limit was identified in the previous study, high-UCS core tested herein showed permeability increase from fines dissolution and minimum conductivity-loss from embedment. Using a semi-analytical model, skin value was determined as a function of acid cycles and compared to earlier work. The factors causing the different responses for the two formation types were studied so that acid-job limit predictions can be extrapolated to other formations. Various post-test core analysis methods were used to study the effects of acid jobs on proppant-embedded fracture face. Comparison of these results with those from intermediate UCS/intermediate porosity core support that the higher UCS core from the current study experienced minor changes after 8-acid cycles.
Enhancing Extremely High Resistivity Inversion through Electromagnetic Propagation Resistivity Measurements
Authors: Wu Dagang , Wu Hus-Hsiang , Lozinsky Clint , Bittar Michael , Lopez David , Lara Henry , Ferla Giuseppe , Rojas Jaime Morales , Gelvez Carolina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent advances on the logging-while-drilling (LWD) electromagnetic (EM) propagation resistivity tools, especially designed for deep resistivity boundary detection and azimuthal reading, have enabled proactive drilling applications such as geosteering in many different environments. However, in some rare geological scenarios, for example, an anhydrite cap rock overlaying a carbonate reservoir, even the latest LWD EM tools can struggle and produce inaccurate formation mapping results. Such formations have extremely high resistivity coupled with low resistivity contrast to adjacent layers, leading to significantly reduced EM measurement sensitivity. The reduced sensitivity is further compounded by the presence of minor noise from tool electronics and drilling operations, contaminating the total received signals. Therefore, conventional inversion methods fail to extract correct formation properties under these high-resistive formation conditions.
To address this challenging task, a higher frequency channel at deep transmitter-receiver (TR) spacing is enabled to achieve greater sensitivity to highly resistive formations. Also, a novel inversion scheme is proposed by employing the high-frequency deep azimuthal measurements and pre-existing shallow measurements at relatively short TR spacing. Since shallow measurements often have a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), incorporating them into our inversion process ensures accurate near-wellbore resistivity determination and stabilizes the inversion iterations. Finally, the new inversion includes the so-called geosignals from the deep TR spacing, significantly enhancing SNR and sensitivity to bed boundaries in extremely high-resistivity formations.
The improved inversion scheme, utilizing the modified LWD EM tool, was evaluated using both synthetic and field examples. Results demonstrate great inversion performance, providing more accurate and stable resistivity mapping in formations with high resistivity and low resistivity contrast compared to the existing methods. The innovative approach has been further validated through ongoing field trials and has successfully assisted operations in optimizing the wellbore placements under such demanding formation conditions.
Control Line-Less Casing Valve Installations and Reduction of Drilling Operations Risks in Challenging Well Environments
Authors: Poloni R. , Spagnolo S. , Napoleone L. , Santoro D. , Abdelaziz A. , Cavagnero G. , Leo G. , Racca S. , Brienza A. , Gibilterra V. , Dakhno A. , Maestrami M. , Poletti N. , Beskri W. , Congia E. , Uslenghi A. , Ulhaque M. M. , Sheikh T. A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The pursuit of continuous improvement in overall Health, Safety and Environment (HSE) performance represents a key driver in drilling and completion activities, even more in critical well environments. To minimize risks in subsea well operations, Eni and Weatherford developed an innovative Cable-Less Casing Valve (will be referenced as "Valve" in this paper), with the primary objective of blowout risk reduction, isolating downhole environment from surface when the bottomhole assembly (BHA) is out of the well, enhancing operational efficiency through contactless technologies easier to deploy at greater depths.
This technology is the result of a joint R&D project in which a pre-existing technology (i.e., a surface cable activated casing valve) has been upgraded by introducing a contactless activation, thus unlocking the application in subsea wells, the main candidates for this technology.
Once the technological needs have been identified, the Valve has been engineered, built and pilot tested in land environment in 2018 - 2019, prior to its commercial deployment occurred in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea area for three subsea wells between 2022 and 2024, achieving the expected objectives with no major interference or disruption added to the normal operations. The Valve has been developed in sizes for 13 3/8″ – 13 5/8″ and for 9 5/8″ – 9 7/8″ casings.
Sonic Velocity Based Experimental and Modeling Approach to Determine Fluid Properties of Greenhouse Gases and Mixtures
Authors: Ratnakar R. R. , Hackbarth J. , Bhaskar B. , Dindoruk B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Climate-related concerns from rising CO2 emissions, along with geopolitical pressures, have prompted the chemical, manufacturing, and energy industries to urgently tackle the issue by developing/adopting emission-reduction technologies. To address this, various decarbonization pathways are being explored, including carbon capture and storage (CCS), enhanced geothermal, electrification, and hydrogen. In all these pathways, an accurate estimation of thermodynamic properties of fluids are essential for process design and scaleups. In this work, we focus primary on greenhouse gases (especially CO2, CH4 and their mixtures) for the applications of CCS and enhanced geothermal and develop an equation-of-state (EOS)based modeling approach,coupled with sonic velocity based experimental validation,to estimate several fluid properties (such as heat capacities, enthalpy, entropy, sonic velocity, density, compressibility, and Joule-Thomson coefficient).
A pulse-echo technique was used to measure the sonic velocity in CO2, methane, and their mixtures (containing 5 - 30 mol% CO2) in the pressure range of 1 – 200 bar and in temperaturerange of 300 – 323K. The corresponding density was measured using a PVT cell. The modeling is based on PR78 EOS with Peneloux shift, where the ideal part of the isobaric heat capacity (obtained from correlations available in literature) is used to determine the residual part of all fluid properties fromthe EOS model atextended pressure and temperature conditions.The main results are as follows: Experimentally measured sonic velocity and density data for CO2, methane, and their mixture are aligned with that available in literature.The modeling framework leads to a very good match with the in-house and available literature data, within the relative error of 1 – 3%, which is acceptable for most practical applications.The compressibility of the fluid is derived directly from the sonic velocity, leading to much better estimation as compared to traditional approach (which is based on the derivative of density and leads to significant noise in the estimation)Most importantly, the framework is general and can utilize any other EOS model. Additionally, it can easily be extended to any fluid system as long as the EOS parameters and ideal part of isobaric heat capacity are known a priory.
Novelty of this work includes (i) experimental measurements of sonic velocity and density of a fluid system containing CO2 and methane at high pressures, and (ii) development of a modeling framework to accurately determine the thermodynamic properties (such as density, sonic velocity, heat capacities, enthalpy, entropy, compressibility, and Joule-Thomson coefficient) for any fluid mixtures.
Characterizing Acoustic-Based Reservoir Injectivity Monitoring with Perforation Laboratory Testing
Authors: Ma Joseph H. Y. , Wilson Glenn , Dehart Rory , McGregor Jacob , Grove Brenden , Barlow Darren , Jaaskelainen Mikko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the application of a laboratory experiment to acoustically characterize and monitor carbon dioxide (CO2) injection at the scale of the perforation interval. We perform a perforating laboratory experiment to replicate the flow of supercritical fluid through a perforated casing into a permeable rock formation at reservoir conditions, mimicking carbon dioxide (CO2) injection typical of carbon capture and storage (CCS) operations. We capture acoustic signals during controlled flow experiments at various injection pressures with a hydrophone. Analysis of the spectral content revealed distinct characteristics in the specific acoustic bands, indicating the potential for passive acoustic monitoring to quantify injection processes. In practice, that permanent monitoring would be achieved via distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). We acknowledge the need for further research and development to subsequently derive an equivalent DAS response for quantifying CO2 injection rates at the individual perforation level to improve understanding of CO2 injectivity.
Fine Particulate Matter Emissions from Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations
Authors: Zhu Yifang , Yao Yuan , Niu Muchuan , Chen Haoxuan , Yu Qiao , Wu Qingyang , Li Yuhang , Zhang Yijie , Ozcan Aydogan , Jerrett Michael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The global shift to electric transportation necessitates expansion of Direct Current Fast Charging (DCFC) stations. However, the environmental and public health impacts of this expansion are not yet well understood. Here, we report that the power cabinet at DCFC stations emit fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which are associated with increased morbidity through the life course and premature death. We collected 24-hr integrated filter samples from 50 DCFC stations across 47 cities in Los Angeles County, California, and found that daily PM2.5concentrations were between 7.3 to 39.0 µg m-3, approximately twice the background levels. To understand the emission mechanism of these particles, we conducted extensive field measurements for real-time PM2.5mass concentration, particle size distribution, and other pollutants, as well as EV charging activities. We found that these particles are mainly in the sub-micrometer size range (0.5-1.0 µm) and are likely due to particle resuspension from the power cabinets. Currently, no emission standards exist for DCFC. Without regulation or interventions, these resuspended particles could expose nearby communities, EV users, and the workforce operating these facilities to high levels of PM2.5, potentially leading to widespread health consequences.
High-topological charge extreme-ultraviolet spatiotemporal vortices via high harmonic generation
Authors: Martin-Hernandez Rodrigo , Gui Guan , Plaja Luis , Kapteyn Henry , Murnane Margaret , Liao Chen-Ting , Porras Miguel , Hernández-García Carlos 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOV) are structured light pulses with a unique topology that couples the spatial and temporal domains. Up to now, their generation has been limited to low-order topological charges in the visible and infrared regions of the spectrum. During the last decade, it was shown that through the process of high-order harmonic generation (HHG) it is possible to up-convert spatial optical vortices from the near-infrared into the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV), thereby producing vortices with distinct femtosecond and attosecond structure. In this work we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally the generation of highly charged spatiotemporal and spatiospectral EUV vortices using near infrared STOV driving laser pulses. We use analytical expressions for focused STOVs to perform macroscopic calculations of HHG that are directly compared to the experimental results. As STOV beams are not eigenmodes of propagation, we characterize the EUV STOVs both in the near and far fields, to show that they represent conjugated spatiospectral and spatiotemporal vortex pairs. Our work provides light beams topologically coupled at the nanometer/attosecond domains, that are especially suitable to explore electronic dynamics in magnetic materials, chiral media, and nanostructures.
Research on Multimodal Hate Speech Detection Based on Self-Attention Mechanism Feature Fusion
Authors: Mao Junjie , Shi Hanxiao , Li Xiaojun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The widespread rise of multimedia social platforms has diversified the ways in which people communicate and the content they share. Hate speech, as a threat to societal harmony, has also shifted its manifestation from a singular textual to a multimodal one. Previously, most methods for detecting hate speech were limited to the text modality, making it difficult to identify and classify newly emerging multimodal hate speech that combines text and images. This paper proposes a novel multi-modal hate speech detection model to respond to the above-mentioned needs for multi-modal hate speech detection. The proposed joint model can use moving windows to extract multi-level visual features and extract text features based on the RoBERTa pre-training model and introduces a multi-head self-attention mechanism in the later fusion process for image and text feature fusion. This article also conducted experiments on the multi-modal benchmark data set Hateful Memes. The model achieved an accuracy of 0.8780, precision of 0.9135, F1-Score of 0.8237, and AUCROC of 0.8532, defeating the SOTA multi-modal hate speech recognition model.
Impact of the uroperitoneum on the development of paralytic ileus: a preclinical study in the pig model
Authors: Asimakopoulos Anastasios D. , Annino Filippo , Colalillo Gaia , Diemunsch Pierre , Dupin Camille , De Roudilhe Gilles , Piechaud Thierry 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The intraperitoneal leak of urine is considered as a major cause of peritoneal inflammatory reaction that could lead to paralytic ileus. Our aim was to document the effect of urine on the peritoneal surface.
Methods: Seven white minipigs (one control-six tests) underwent standardized general anaesthesia. In three test pigs urine was aspirated from the bladder and instilled in the peritoneal cavity. In the remaining three pigs a continuous urine leak was created through section of the ureter. At 4 and 10h laparoscopic harvesting of slices of the parietal peritoneum at the level of the Douglas pouch, lateral pelvic wall and subdiaphragmatic area was performed. Ileum slices were also obtained at 10h. The slices were microscopically evaluated for inflammatory infiltrate (INI) of the peritoneum according to the Sydney system classification.
Results: The presence of urine in the peritoneum induces distention of the ileum. At 4h, a light-moderate INI was observed to two pigs of both test groups but not to the control pig. At 10h a light-moderate INI appeared in the peritoneal slices of the control pig. Moreover, three out of six pigs of both test groups showed some degree of INI of the parietal peritoneum. The histologic evaluation of the slices of the distended ileum did not reveal INI.
Conclusions: The intraperitoneal urine induces distention of the bowel but no inflammation of the visceral peritoneum in the short term (10h). Other than inflammation mechanisms through which the urine induces small ileum distention should be investigated.
Land Cover/use Classification Optimization Model (LC-COM): new fusion model by considering spatial heterogeneity
Authors: Ma Li , Li Xuan , Hou Jianwei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The Land use/Cover Classification Optimization Model (LC-COM)
is designed to integrate the strengths of the classification
results from multiple classifiers and existing products. In LC-COM,
the reconciliation index was developed to align the existing LULC
products with the composite approach of Landsat images to be
classified. Training samples were then auto-generated from these LC
products and refined by the spectral indices to further match the
selected Landsat images. Six classifiers provided by the Google
Earth Engine platform were applied to make their classification to
fully explore the detailed and specific information from the
Landsat images. The results of these classifiers with the five LULC
products were then integrated into an accuracy-weighted hybrid map
by using producer accuracy, user accuracy and the especially
designed index of matching accuracy reflecting spatial
heterogeneity. The results show that the optimized land-cover
classification after fusion effectively improved the overall
accuracy by integrating all the strengths from each individual
result, and the classification performance could be significantly
improved when spatial heterogeneity considered.