bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics with machine learning for predicting progression from prediabetes to diabetes
Authors: Li Jiang , Yu Yuefeng , Sun Ying , Fu Yanqi , Shen Wenqi , Cai Lingli , Tan Xiao , Cai Yan , Wang Ningjian , Lu Yingli , Wang Bin 
Published: September 2024

Background:Identification of individuals with prediabetes who are at high risk of developing diabetes allows for precise interventions. We aimed to determine the role of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomic signature in predicting the progression from prediabetes to diabetes.Methods:This prospective study included 13,489 participants with prediabetes who had metabolomic data from the UK Biobank. Circulating metabolites were quantified via NMR spectroscopy. Cox proportional hazard (CPH) models were performed to estimate the associations between metabolites and diabetes risk. Supporting vector machine, random forest, and extreme gradient boosting were used to select the optimal metabolite panel for prediction. CPH and random survival forest (RSF) models were utilized to validate the predictive ability of the metabolites.Results:During a median follow-up of 13.6 years, 2525 participants developed diabetes. After adjusting for covariates, 94 of 168 metabolites were associated with risk of progression to diabetes. A panel of nine metabolites, selected by all three machine-learning algorithms, was found to significantly improve diabetes risk prediction beyond conventional risk factors in the CPH model (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve, 1 year: 0.823 for risk factors + metabolites vs 0.759 for risk factors, 5 years: 0.830 vs 0.798, 10 years: 0.801 vs 0.776, all p < 0.05). Similar results were observed from the RSF model. Categorization of participants according to the predicted value thresholds revealed distinct cumulative risk of diabetes.Conclusions:Our study lends support for use of the metabolite markers to help determine individuals with prediabetes who are at high risk of progressing to diabetes and inform targeted and efficient interventions.Funding:Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (2022XD017). Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai (SHSMU-ZDCX20212501). Shanghai Municipal Human Resources and Social Security Bureau (2020074). Clinical Research Plan of Shanghai Hospital Development Center (SHDC2020CR4006). Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (22015810500).
Ecological and anthropogenic factors influencing the Summer habitat use of Bos gaurus and its conservation threats in Chitwan National Park, Nepal
Authors: Poudel Surakshya , Pokhrel Basudev , Neupane Bijaya , Miya Mahamad Sayab , Kc Nishan , Basyal Chitra Rekha , Neupane Asmita , Dhami Bijaya 
Published: September 2024

Background
Gaur (Bos gaurus) is listed as a vulnerable species in the IUCN Red List of threatened species due to the rapid population decline caused by human pressures in their habitats. To develop successful conservation plans, it is essential to understand the relationship between Gaur and their habitats. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing Gaur habitat use and identify and rank conservation threats in Chitwan National Park, Nepal.

Methods
Using line transect surveys, we recorded Gaur’s presence via direct sightings and indirect signs (dung, footprints, horns) over an area of 176 km2 in July and August 2022. We used binary logistic regression models to determine the collected ecological and anthropogenic factors influencing the occurrence of Gaur and the relative whole-site threat ranking method to rank conservation threats.

Results
The results revealed that the probability of Gaur occurrence increases with moderate to high canopy cover, riverine and Shorea robusta dominated forests, and nearest distance to road/path/firelines, while decreasing with the presence of predators. Uncontrolled fire, invasive species, human disturbances, and climate change were ranked as the most prevailing threats to Gaur in our study area. Conservation managers should implement effective habitat management interventions, such as construction of waterhole, firelines maintenance, grassland management, and control of invasive species in the potential habitats, to safeguard and maintain the sustainability of Gaur populations and associated herbivores. Future studies should consider larger geographical settings and multiple seasons, and habitat suitability assessments should be conducted to determine current and future suitable habitat refugia for Gaur and other threatened wildlife species at the landscape level.
Effect of post COVID-19 on body composition, physical fitness, sleep quality and quality of life among young adults: a cross-sectional study of matched pairs
Authors: Srirug Phatcharawadee , Pongmala Chatkaew , Mayeedeng Balkis , Yusoh Nurulfatin , Malee Sofiya , Udom Chadayu 
Published: September 2024

Background
Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) causes lung tissue inflammation, affects mental health, and disturbs sleep and the musculoskeletal system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on physical function and quality of life by comparing the body composition, physical fitness, sleep quality and quality of life between Thai young adults with and without post COVID-19 infection.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was comprised of two matched groups (post COVID-19 group and non COVID-19 group) with 36 participants in each group. Data about body composition, physical fitness, sleep quality and quality of life were collected using the bioelectrical impedance analysis, the 1-min sit-to-stand test, the hand grip strength test, the Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire and the EuroQol-5D-5L, respectively. Independent samples T-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used to compare between the two groups.

Results
The changes in oxygen saturation and respiratory rate after the physical fitness test and the sleep quality analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the groups with and without post COVID-19 infection (p = 0.006, p = 0.003 and p = 0.003, respectively). However, quality of life and body composition were not significantly different between groups.

Conclusions
COVID-19 influenced the changes in oxygen saturation and respiratory rate after the physical fitness test and the sleep quality analysis in young adults. The results should be utilized to facilitate physical rehabilitation for COVID-19-infected individuals following infection. Those who have not been infected with COVID-19 must be informed of self-protection measures to avoid contracting the virus.
Study on Maturity Indices and Effect of Growing Substrates on Seed Germination of Litsea glutinosa
Authors: Thapliyal Manisha , N.K. Namitha , Deepika  , Singh Giridhar 
Published: September 2024

Aim: Litsea glutinosa is a multipurpose, fast-growing tree widely exploited due to its multipurpose utilisation. Species reported low seed viability, hence generally propagated through vegetative methods. We studied the maturity indices of fruits and seeds to determine the optimal collection stage. Studied the effect of different growing substrates and Gibberellic acid (GA3) treatment on the germination percent (GP), mean germination time (MGT), germination value (GV), peak value (PV), and germination index (GI).
Study Design: Study was conducted at Forest Tree Seed Laboratory, ICFRE-FRI. The change in fruit colour from green, dark brown purple, and dark blue stages was compared with the seed parameters, germination percent, mean germination time, germination value, etc. to obtain the most suitable stage for fruit and seed maturity. Seed germination experiment was conducted in Complete Randomized Design with four replications of 25 seeds for each treatment. Seeds were sown directly on different germination substrates, such as filter paper, sand, and vermiculite, without treatment and also with 0.05% GA3 pretreatment. Seeds were kept in the seed germinator at 25±1ºC with a 24-hour photoperiod and high relative humidity (RH > 90%).
Results: The highest germination rate was observed in vermiculite with GA3 soaking . i.e., 80±3.26%, followed by vermiculite 68±8.64%. The lowest germination percent of 5±4.08% was observed in seeds plated on filter paper with GA3 soaking. No germination was recorded in the seeds plated on the filter paper.
Conclusion: Most suitable germination medium to maximise the germination of L. glutinosa seed is vermiculite. Furthermore, the pretreatment of seeds in GA3 (0.05%) for 24 hours and sowing in vermiculite improves overall performance with respect to GP, MGT, GV, PV, and GI. In the context of maturity indices, the dark blue stage with a moisture content of around 50% is the right stage for the collection of seeds of the species. This stage is characterised by high GP, GV, and low MGT values as compared to other growth stages.
Statistical tests of simple earthquake cycle models
Authors: DeVries Phoebe M. R. , Evans Eileen L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA central goal of observing and modeling the earthquake cycle is to forecast when a particular fault may generate an earthquake: a fault late in its earthquake cycle may be more likely to generate an earthquake than a fault early in its earthquake cycle. Models that can explain geodetic observations throughout the entire earthquake cycle may be required to gain a more complete understanding of relevant physics and phenomenology. Previous efforts to develop unified earthquake models for strike‐slip faults have largely focused on explaining both preseismic and postseismic geodetic observations available across a few faults in California, Turkey, and Tibet. An alternative approach leverages the global distribution of geodetic and geologic slip rate estimates on strike‐slip faults worldwide. Here we use the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test for similarity of distributions to infer, in a statistically rigorous manner, viscoelastic earthquake cycle models that are inconsistent with 15 sets of observations across major strike‐slip faults. We reject a large subset of two‐layer models incorporating Burgers rheologies at a significance level of α = 0.05 (those with long‐term Maxwell viscosities ηM <~ 4.0 × 1019 Pa s and ηM >~ 4.6 × 1020 Pa s) but cannot reject models on the basis of transient Kelvin viscosity ηK. Finally, we examine the implications of these results for the predicted earthquake cycle timing of the 15 faults considered and compare these predictions to the geologic and historical record.
A temporal three‐dimensional simulation of samarium release in the ionosphere
Authors: Zhao Hai‐Sheng , Feng Jie , Xu Zheng‐Wen , Wu Jian , Wu Zhen‐Sen , Xu Bin , Xue Kun , Xu Tong , Hu Yan‐Li 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFor understanding plasma processes of the ionosphere and magnetosphere, the alkali and alkaline‐earth metals are usually released in space for artificially increasing the electron density. However, it is a limitation that these releases must be in sunlight where the photoionization can take place. In recent years, the lanthanide metals, such as samarium, have been released to produce electrons in reaction with atomic oxygen in the upper space. The reaction could proceed without sunlight so that the restriction on experimental periods is broken. Unfortunately, any sophisticated models even preliminary ones are unavailable yet in the literature. A temporal three‐dimensional model is presented for the samarium release in detail with respect to various altitudes and mass. Especially, the plasma diffusion equation is remarkably extended from 2‐D to 3‐D by importing the influence of geomagnetic declination, which could be also useful for other chemical releases. The field‐aligned terms are brought so as to the presented model can describe the diffusion along the geomagnetic field subtly. On the basis of the presented model, behaviors of radio waves propagating through the release area are simulated by using ray tracing. This model could be as the theoretical support for samarium releases, and it also helpful for the research on the generation and evolution of the ionosphere irregularities.
Laboratory experiments on diffusive convection layer thickness and its oceanographic implications
Authors: Guo Shuang‐Xi , Zhou Sheng‐Qi , Qu Ling , Lu Yuan‐Zheng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe studied the thickness of diffusive convective layers that form when a linearly stratified fluid is subjected to heating from below in the laboratory. The thickness of the bottom convecting layer is much larger than subsequent layers. These thicknesses are systematically identified and used to examine the available convecting layer thickness parameterizations, which are consisted of the measured heat flux F (or thermal buoyancy flux qT), initial stratification N, density ratio Rρ, thermal diffusivity κT, etc. Parameterization with an intrinsic length scale
is shown to be superior. Including the present laboratory convecting layer thicknesses and those observed in oceans and lakes, where layer thickness ranges from 0.01 to 1000 m, the parameterization is updated as
, where C = 38.3 for the bottom convective layer and 10.8 for the subsequent layers. Different prefactors are proposed to be attributed to different convective instabilities induced by different boundary conditions.
Baicalin promoted site‐2 protease and not site‐1 protease in endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Yu Zhe , Luo Xin , Wang Chen , Ye Jianhong , Liu Shourong , Xie Lei , Wang Fei , Bao Jianfeng 
Published: September 2016

Baicalin (5,6‐dihydroxy‐7‐o‐glucuronide flavone) is an extract from the roots of Chinese herb Huang Qin (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) and is reported to have antioxidative, antiproliferative, anti‐inflammatory, and anticancer activities. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of baicalin on human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced cell apoptosis. Two human HCC cell lines, HepG2 and SMMC7221, were used in this study. The cells were incubated with baicalin solutions at various concentrations. A 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to assess cell proliferation inhibition; a TUNEL assay was used to evaluate cell apoptosis; small RNA interference was applied to silence IRE1, ATF6, and protein kinase R‐like ER kinase (PERK), which are transmembrane proteins inducing cell apoptosis, and two proteases (S1P and S2P) which cleave ATF6. Real‐time PCR was used to evaluate the silencing effects of specific siRNA. Expression levels of specific proteins were analyzed by western blotting. Baicalin was found to inhibit the proliferation of HCC cells by inducing apoptosis in a concentration‐dependent manner. Elevated expression levels of GRP78, CHOP, p50‐ATF6, and caspase12 were found after baicalin incubation. Compared with IRE1 and PERK silencing, ATF6 knockdown dramatically impaired baicalin's apoptosis‐inducing activity. Furthermore, S2P silencing, rather than S1P silencing, was also found to impair baicalin‐induced HCC cell apoptosis significantly. In conclusion, (a) baicalin inhibits human HCC cells by inducing apoptosis; (b) baicalin induces cell apoptosis by activating ATF6 signaling pathway in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; (c) S2P, rather than S1P is the molecular target for baicalin in inducing ER stress‐mediated HCC cell apoptosis.
Fluorescence‐Based Biosensors
Authors: Schäferling Michael 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBiosensors, as defined by Pure and Applied Chemistry, are ‘chemical sensors in which the recognition system utilizes a biochemical mechanism. The biological recognition system translates information from the biochemical domain, usually an analyte concentration, into a chemical or physical output signal with a defined sensitivity’.(1)It is also appointed that chemical or biological sensors contain two basic components connected in series: a chemical or biomolecular recognition system (receptor) and a physicochemical transducer. According to this prerequisite, this overlook is confined to sensor devices that combine a biomolecular recognition element with an optical signal transducer. Homogeneous or intracellular assays using fluorescent molecular probes or nanoparticles are not considered, although they are frequently termed as molecular sensors or nanosensors in the literature.Fluorescence‐based biosensors are generalized as those devices that derive an analytical signal from a photoluminescent (either fluorescence or phosphorescence) emission process. Chemi‐ or bioluminescent detection systems are only briefly discussed in this article.Biosensors are used for a wide variety of tasks, including detection of compounds of biomedical,(2)environmental,(3)or defense interest(4); online monitoring for processcontrol(5); quality control of foodstuffs(6); selective detection of compounds undergoing a chemical separation(7); and screening of drug compounds.(8)Advantages of such devices include high selectivity, rapid response times, reusability, amenability to remote analysis, and immunity to electrical interferences.(9)The selective nature of complexation between biomolecule and analyte and the small size of sensor devices can be combined with advanced detection techiques such as total internal reflection (TIR) spectroscopy.(10)This results in an ability to measure analytes in complex matrices with unsurpassed sensitivity. Such samples may include highly scattering components such as milk or whole blood(11)or relatively inaccessible locations such as groundwater wells, or even intracellular environments.(12)The key limitation of such devices mainly centers on the poor stability of biological compounds, which can lead to a substantial drift in instrumental response over time. The so‐called Cambridge definition appoints another characteristic property of sensors.(13)Therein, they are defined as ‘miniaturized devices that can deliver real‐time and on‐line information on the presence of specific compounds or ions in even complex samples.’ Accordingly, a sensor is expected to respond reversibly and continuously. With the exception of some enzymatic sensors, these conditions are not fulfilled in case of most biosensors. Particularly, in devices where immunological reagents or DNA are used as recognition elements, they show a lack of reversibility and operate only as a ‘one‐shot’ screen, without the potential for continuous, quantitative analysis. Nevertheless, the designations immunosensors or DNA sensors became accepted for such analytical or diagnostic tools.
The Influence of Perpetrator Exposure Time and Weapon Presence/Timing on Eyewitness Confidence and Accuracy
Authors: Carlson Curt A. , Young David F. , Weatherford Dawn R. , Carlson Maria A. , Bednarz Jane E. , Jones Alyssa R. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryCrimes can occur in a matter of seconds, with little time available for an eyewitness to encode a perpetrator's face. The presence of a weapon can further exacerbate this situation. Few studies have featured mock crimes of short duration, especially with a weapon manipulation. We conducted an experiment to investigate the impact of weapon presence and short perpetrator exposure times (3 vs. 10 seconds) on eyewitness confidence and accuracy. We found that recall concerning the perpetrator was worse when a weapon was present, replicating the weapon focus effect. However, there was no effect on eyewitness identification accuracy. Calibration analyses revealed that all conditions produced a strong confidence–accuracy relationship. Confidence–accuracy characteristic curves illustrated almost perfect accuracy for suspect identifications at the highest levels of confidence. We conclude that weapon presence during a brief crime does not necessarily result in negative consequences for either eyewitness identification accuracy or the confidence–accuracy relationship. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Projective synchronization for uncertain network based on modified sliding mode control technique
Authors: Lü Ling , Li Chengren , Li Gang , Zhao Guannan 
Published: September 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we propose a novel synchronization technique to investigate the projective synchronization of a class of uncertain network. First, the sliding mode control technique is modified. Then, the sliding surface between each node of the network and the synchronization target and the control input of the network are designed, and the uncertain parameter in the network can be effectively identified using the identification law of the uncertain parameter. In the end, a numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the synchronization technique proposed in our work. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic variants in CETP increase risk of intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Anderson Christopher D. , Falcone Guido J. , Phuah Chia‐Ling , Radmanesh Farid , Brouwers H. Bart , Battey Thomas W. K. , Biffi Alessandro , Peloso Gina M. , Liu Dajiang J. , Ayres Alison M. , Goldstein Joshua N. , Viswanathan Anand , Greenberg Steven M. , Selim Magdy , Meschia James F. , Brown Devin L. , Worrall Bradford B. , Silliman Scott L. , Tirschwell David L. , Flaherty Matthew L. , Kraft Peter , Jagiella Jeremiasz M. , Schmidt Helena , Hansen Björn M. , Jimenez‐Conde Jordi , Giralt‐Steinhauer Eva , Elosua Roberto , Cuadrado‐Godia Elisa , Soriano Carolina , van Nieuwenhuizen Koen M. , Klijn Catharina J. M. , Rannikmae Kristiina , Samarasekera Neshika , Salman Rustam Al‐Shahi , Sudlow Catherine L. , Deary Ian J. , Morotti Andrea , Pezzini Alessandro , Pera Joanna , Urbanik Andrzej , Pichler Alexander , Enzinger Christian , Norrving Bo , Montaner Joan , Fernandez‐Cadenas Israel , Delgado Pilar , Roquer Jaume , Lindgren Arne , Slowik Agnieszka , Schmidt Reinhold , Kidwell Chelsea S. , Kittner Steven J. , Waddy Salina P. , Langefeld Carl D. , Abecasis Goncalo , Willer Cristen J. , Kathiresan Sekar , Woo Daniel , Rosand Jonathan ,   on behalf of the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium and International Stroke Genetics Consortium
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveIn observational epidemiologic studies, higher plasma high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) has been associated with increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). DNA sequence variants that decrease cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene activity increase plasma HDL‐C; as such, medicines that inhibit CETP and raise HDL‐C are in clinical development. Here, we test the hypothesis that CETP DNA sequence variants associated with higher HDL‐C also increase risk for ICH.MethodsWe performed 2 candidate‐gene analyses of CETP. First, we tested individual CETP variants in a discovery cohort of 1,149 ICH cases and 1,238 controls from 3 studies, followed by replication in 1,625 cases and 1,845 controls from 5 studies. Second, we constructed a genetic risk score comprised of 7 independent variants at the CETP locus and tested this score for association with HDL‐C as well as ICH risk.ResultsTwelve variants within CETP demonstrated nominal association with ICH, with the strongest association at the rs173539 locus (odds ratio [OR] = 1.25, standard error [SE] = 0.06, p = 6.0 × 10−4) with no heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 0%). This association was replicated in patients of European ancestry (p = 0.03). A genetic score of CETP variants found to increase HDL‐C by ∼2.85mg/dl in the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium was strongly associated with ICH risk (OR = 1.86, SE = 0.13, p = 1.39 × 10−6).InterpretationGenetic variants in CETP associated with increased HDL‐C raise the risk of ICH. Given ongoing therapeutic development in CETP inhibition and other HDL‐raising strategies, further exploration of potential adverse cerebrovascular outcomes may be warranted. Ann Neurol 2016;80:730–740