bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pitfalls in the measurement of muscle mass: a need for a reference standard
Authors: Buckinx Fanny , Landi Francesco , Cesari Matteo , Fielding Roger A. , Visser Marjolein , Engelke Klaus , Maggi Stefania , Dennison Elaine , Al‐Daghri Nasser M. , Allepaerts Sophie , Bauer Jurgen , Bautmans Ivan , Brandi Maria Luisa , Bruyère Olivier , Cederholm Tommy , Cerreta Francesca , Cherubini Antonio , Cooper Cyrus , Cruz‐Jentoft Alphonso , McCloskey Eugene , Dawson‐Hughes Bess , Kaufman Jean‐Marc , Laslop Andrea , Petermans Jean , Reginster Jean‐Yves , Rizzoli René , Robinson Sian , Rolland Yves , Rueda Ricardo , Vellas Bruno , Kanis John A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAll proposed definitions of sarcopenia include the measurement of muscle mass, but the techniques and threshold values used vary. Indeed, the literature does not establish consensus on the best technique for measuring lean body mass. Thus, the objective measurement of sarcopenia is hampered by limitations intrinsic to assessment tools. The aim of this study was to review the methods to assess muscle mass and to reach consensus on the development of a reference standard.MethodsLiterature reviews were performed by members of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis working group on frailty and sarcopenia. Face‐to‐face meetings were organized for the whole group to make amendments and discuss further recommendations.ResultsA wide range of techniques can be used to assess muscle mass. Cost, availability, and ease of use can determine whether the techniques are better suited to clinical practice or are more useful for research. No one technique subserves all requirements but dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry could be considered as a reference standard (but not a gold standard) for measuring muscle lean body mass.ConclusionsBased on the feasibility, accuracy, safety, and low cost, dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry can be considered as the reference standard for measuring muscle mass.
Stickstoffverlagerung unter spätbeweidetem Grünland
Authors: Sauer Stephan , Harrach Tamas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAuf drei Grünlandstandorten unterschiedlicher Wasserspeicherkapazität wurde im Herbst 1993 ein Modellversuch zur Stickstoffdynamik unter Kot‐ und Harnflecken angelegt. Unter den Exkrementstellen wurde über Saugkerzen Bodenwasser entnommen und auf verschiedene Stickstofffraktionen hin untersucht. Die Berechnung der Sickerwassermengen und Stickstotffrachten erfolgte mit einem Speicherzellenmodell. Der schnelle Anstieg der Ammoniumkonzentrationen unter den Urinflecken auf 30 bis 60 mg NH4−N/I war trotz, geringer Bodentemperaluren auf eine schnelle Hydrolyse des Harnstoffs zurückzuführen. Mit sinkenden Ammoniumwerten stiegen die Nitratkonzentrationen kontinuierlich auf 160 mg NO3−N/I an und fielen erst wieder mit einsetzendem Pflanzenwachstum im Frühjahr. Unter den Kotflecken war nur eine geringe Nitratverlagerung zu verzeichnen. Für die Hamflecken wurde ein N‐Austrag von 150 bis 320 kg/ha, für die Kotflecken von 3 bis 28 kg/ha berechnet. Der Nitratfraktion kam mit 83% die größte Bedeutung zu, gefolgt von Norg‐ (11%) und der Ammoniumfraktion (6%). Von einer geschätzten Besatzleistung (Spätbeweidung) ausgehend berechnete sich eine durch Urinflecken bedeckte Bodenoberfläche von 1% bis 3%.
History of fires and vegetation since the Neolithic in the Cantabrian Mountains (Spain)
Authors: Carracedo Virginia , Cunill Raquel , García‐Codron Juan Carlos , Pèlachs Albert , Pérez‐Obiol Ramon , Soriano Joan Manuel 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFire has been one of the main causes of disturbance of vegetation over time, and since the Neolithic has become an irreplaceable tool for the opening of forest spaces and maintenance of pastures. Previous studies showed that the intensity and effects of wildfires are related to the biomass and controlled by climate factors. However, in regions such as Cantabria, where agriculture and livestock have spread throughout the territory since prehistory, fires should also be closely related to human land uses. The aim of this paper was to investigate the history of fires and vegetation since the Neolithic in the Cantabrian Mountains, using sedimentary charcoal and pollen data to study the role of human activities in the processes that have shaped ecosystems throughout the Holocene. The asynchrony and quantitative differences in the results obtained at different sites indicate significant variations in fire patterns at regional scale since the Neolithic, although the type and size of each basin also had a strong influence on charcoal accumulation. Maximum values for charcoal accumulation rate at La Molina were observed between the Neolithic and the Bronze Age but occurred after about 3500 cal years BP at El Cueto de la Avellanosa. At El Sertal, low charcoal accumulation rate values were observed, probably because the sequence begins in a space that already had been cleared; the maximum values occurred during the most recent millennium. These data provide evidence that fire has been a key factor in forest retreat and in maintaining open landscapes since the Neolithic.
Evaluating the Effect of Dam Removals on Yellow-Phase American Eel Abundance in a Northeastern U.S. Watershed
Authors: Turner Sara M. , Chase Bradford C. , Bednarski Michael S. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The negative effects of dams and the benefits of dam removal for anadromous fish populations have been well documented. Effects of dams on catadromous Anguillidae species may be less drastic, although documentation of the response of catadromous fishes to dam removal is limited. We developed a mark–recapture study design to estimate the abundance of catadromous American Eel Anguilla rostrata within a small coastal watershed and compare abundance estimates before and after barrier removal. In the Mill River, Taunton, Massachusetts, four dams have or will be modified for passage or removed. Mark–recapture sampling and modeling methods were developed and applied in Lake Sabbatia, the source of the Mill River, over 4 years from the initiation of restoration. Rectangular eel traps had higher CPUE than double-funnel traps used in previous studies, and a tag retention study found high retention rates by using established methods (94% overall). Abundances of yellow-phase American Eels have increased with improved passage and recruitment to sampling gear during the study period. Dam removal could have substantial benefits to the coastwide stock of American Eels, and methods to evaluate changes in abundances are important for resource management as well as restoration ecology and project selection.
A systematic assessment of key design and performance characteristics of drug exposure registries requested by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration
Authors: Zhao Yanling , Pinnow Ellen , Major Jacqueline M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of the study is to evaluate contributions to postmarket safety assessments and identify potential factors for enhancing implementation and utilization of registries in regulatory decision‐making.MethodsRegistry documents (e.g., protocols, reports) submitted to the FDA were identified up to January 2016 through an extensive, systematic review of internal records and resources. We characterized nonpregnancy drug exposure registries based on prespecified design elements, performance, and regulatory impact.ResultsA total of 65 registries were identified: 56 registries were open and 9 closed. Among open registries, 20% were pending, 14% delayed, and 16% ongoing less than ≤3 years. Most registries (82%) examined safety issues that originally arose from clinical trials; most frequent safety issues investigated included infections, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and liver toxicity. Although 74% of registries ascertained baseline health conditions and monitored concomitant medication use, fewer (45%) considered drug exposure duration or dosage. Thirty‐seven percent of non pending registries had enrollment below sample size expectation. Seventeen registries published findings in journals/conference proceedings, 13 from open registries. Three closed registries generated results that contributed to product label changes. High‐performance registries scored higher in design metrics related to sample size considerations (76% versus 62%) and adequate analysis plan (53% versus 35%), and interim report submission (76% versus 65%). There was a significant difference in proportion of registries with clear primary objectives between high versus not high performing registries (100% versus 78%).ConclusionsThis study suggests clear objectives, patient accrual/retention efforts, adequate analysis plans, and interim reports contribute to the performance of drug exposure registries.
The impact of English language learner status on screening for emotional and behavioral disorders: A differential item functioning (DIF) study
Authors: Lambert Matthew C. , Garcia Allen G. , January Stacy‐Ann A. , Epstein Michael H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThere have been significant changes in the racial/ethnic and linguistic background of students attending public schools in the United States. The number of public‐school students who are English language learners (ELLs) participating in programs of language assistance has more than doubled over the past two decades. In 1993–1994, 5.1% of public‐school students in the United States were ELLs, or an estimated 2.1 million students. As of 2014–2015, 9.4% of students were ELLs, or an estimated 4.6 million students. It is estimated that by 2030, upward of 40% of school children will speak English as a second language. Meeting the needs of students who are not proficient in English is challenging for school professionals and even more so if they are identified for special services. Researchers have found that ELL students live in situations with numerous high‐risk factors, including poverty, inadequate schools, poor and violent neighborhoods, and limited access to adequate health care, mental health services, and schools. As a group, these students are more likely to underperform academically, have a lower grade point average, and drop out of school compared to non‐ELL Latino students.
One‐pot synthesis of block copolymers by ring‐opening polymerization and ultraviolet light‐induced ATRP at ambient temperature
Authors: Lei Lin , Li Feifei , Zhao Haixiu , Wang Yuntao 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTWe successfully synthesized poly(l‐lactide)‐b‐poly (methyl methacrylate) diblock copolymers at ambient temperature by combining ultraviolet light‐induced copper‐catalyzed ATRP and organo‐catalyzed ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) in one‐pot. The polymerization processes were carried out by three routes: one‐pot simultaneous ATRP and ROP, one‐pot sequential ATRP followed by ROP, and one‐pot sequential ROP followed by ATRP. The structure of the block copolymers is confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and gel permeation chromatography, which suggests that the polymerization method is facile and attractive for preparing block copolymers. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 699–704
Rapid Visualization of Latent Fingerprints with Color‐Tunable Solid Fluorescent Carbon Dots
Authors: Wang Chan , Zhou Jingdan , Lulu Lu , Song Qijun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLatent fingerprints (LFPs) imaging is the most important approach to identify individuals, and there is a persisting need for the development of simple, rapid, accurate, and universal LFPs recognition methods. The nitrogen‐ and sulfur‐doped solid fluorescent carbon dots (N,S‐SFCD) are synthesized with a simple microwave‐assisted method by using l‐glutathione and citric acid as precursors. The obtained N,S‐SFCD has a uniform size from 2 to 7 nm with quantum yield over 48%. The presence of heteroatoms and functional groups on the surface endows the N,S‐SFCD with good dispersibility and strong fluorescence emission, and overcomes the typical aggregation‐induced fluorescence quenching, thus allowing the N,S‐SFCD to be used in both solution and their powder forms. Furthermore, the color‐tunable fluorescence, electrostatic interaction with fingerprints, and good stability enable N, S‐SFCD to act as an excellent chemosensor for fluorescence imaging. LFPs are detected with high resolution through powder method, and their second‐ and third‐level substructures are clearly identified. The method is validated for LFPs visualization on various substrates, and aged (7, 15, and 30 d) LFPs can also be successfully stained with N,S‐SFCD. The results demonstrate that the N,S‐SFCD as a developer has great potential in LFPs imaging for forensic investigations.
Stability analysis and design of nonlinear sampled‐data systems under aperiodic samplings
Authors: Hooshmandi K. , Bayat F. , Jahed‐Motlagh M. R. , Jalali A. A. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryIn this paper, the problem of exponential stability analysis and the design of sampled‐data nonlinear systems have been studied using a polytopic linear parameter‐varying approach. By means of modeling a new double‐layer polytopic formulation for nonlinear sampled‐data systems, a modified form of piecewise continuous Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional is proposed. This approach provides less conservative robust exponential stability conditions by using Wirtinger's inequality in terms of linear matrix inequalities. The distances between the real continuous parameters of the plant and the measured parameters of the controller are modeled by convex sets, and the analysis/design conditions are given at the vertices of some hyper‐rectangles. In order to get tractable linear matrix inequality conditions for the stabilization problem, we performed relaxation by introducing a slack variable matrix. Under the new stability criteria, an approach is introduced to synthesize a sampled‐data polytopic linear parameter‐varying controller considering some constraints on the location of the closed‐loop poles in the presence of uncertainties on the varying parameters. It is shown that the proposed controller guarantees the exponential stability of the closed‐loop system for aperiodic sampling periods smaller than a known value, ie, maximum allowable sampling period. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified and compared with some state‐of‐the‐art existing approaches through numerical simulations.
Effects of hydropeaking on benthic invertebrate community composition in two central Norwegian rivers
Authors: Kjærstad G. , Arnekleiv J. V. , Speed J. D. M. , Herland A. K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHydropower regulations can have dramatic impacts on river ecological communities. The operation of hydropower stations is related to power demands, but their releases in the receiving water body causes sudden changes in flow, which in turn affect the biota. The effects of such flow variations on benthic invertebrates is not fully understood. Here, we studied the effects of duration and intensity of hydropeaking on benthic invertebrates in two rivers over a 3.5‐year period. We used both quantitative (Surber) and semiquantitative (kick samples) sampling methods to compare the ramping zone with the permanently water covered zone downstream of the hydropower plant, and with corresponding unaffected upstream areas. The ramping zone had a different invertebrate community composition and lower benthic density than other areas, especially after hydropeaking. Mayflies and chironomids were most negatively affected by hydropeaking and oligochaetes largely unaffected. Chironomids and the mayfly Baetis rhodani were able to recolonize the ramping zone and almost reach densities similar to deeper areas within 48 days following hydropeaking. The relative abundance of filter feeders tended to increase and gatherers/collectors tended to decrease from the ramping zone towards the deep, permanently water covered areas. In corresponding areas upstream of the power plant, the relative abundance of different functional feeding groups was the same in the mid‐channel and shore sites. Our study shows that hydropeaking has clear impacts on the functional structure of benthic invertebrates below the power plants. The ecological impact of hydropeaking on invertebrate communities should thus be taken into account, for example, by reducing the amplitude and duration of flow fluctuations.
Triphenylphosphine/Isocyanide Mediated Synthesis of Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine, Enamine Ketones and Secondary Ketimines
Authors: Shah Tariq A. , Raza Waseem , Muneer M. , Mir Niyaz A. , Ahmad Musheer 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe reaction of 1:1 zwitterionic intermediate generated in situ from dibenzoylacetylene and triphenylphosphine with 2‐aminobenzimidazole afforded Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine in good yields while as the reaction with 2‐amino derivatives of benzothiazole, thiazole and isoxazole gave enamine ketones. Protonation of the highly reactive 1:1 intermediate produced in the reaction between alkyl isocyanides and dibenzoylacetylene by aldehydes (containing acidic hydrogen) gave highly functionalized secondary ketenimines. The products were generated in good yields and characterized by standard analytical techniques such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction has been established for six structures. Short reaction time, good yields, fairly mild conditions and simple work‐up procedure are the notable advantages of this synthetic protocol.
Biomimetic Total Synthesis of Mbandakamine A and Further Antiplasmodial Naphthylisoquinoline Dimers
Authors: Schies Christine , Seupel Raina , Feineis Doris , Gehrold Andreas , Schraut Michaela , Kaiser Marcel , Brun Reto , Bringmann Gerhard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe first total synthesis of mbandakamine A, an unsymmetrically coupled dimeric naphthylisoquinoline alkaloid with a high steric hindrance, is described. Key step was the phenol‐oxidative cross‐coupling of its two 5,8’‐linked monomeric units, 5‐epi‐korupensamine E and 8‐O‐methylkorupensamine A. These two naphthylisoquinolines were synthesized atroposelectively by applying the ′lactone method′. As an alternative to the largely separate synthesis of the two monomers, both of them were provided simultaneously, by the – intentionally non‐selective – O‐demethylation of a late joint precursor, thus shortening the synthesis substantially. Oxidative coupling of a 1:1 mixture of the two monomers provided mbandakamine A as a single atropisomer, along with four further naphthylisoquinoline dimers, nearly all of them based on new coupling types. Some of these new quateraryls showed excellent antiplasmodial activities, in particular the 6’‐6’’‐coupled main product.
Effect of Time to Operation on Value of Care in Acute Care Surgery
Authors: Loftus Tyler J. , Rosenthal Martin D. , Croft Chasen A. , Stephen Smith R. , Efron Philip A. , Moore Frederick A. , Mohr Alicia M. , Brakenridge Scott C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAs reimbursement models evolve, there is increasing emphasis on maximizing value‐based care for inpatient conditions. We hypothesized that longer intervals between admission and surgery would be associated with worse outcomes and increased costs for acute care surgery patients, and that these associations would be strongest among patients with high‐risk conditions.MethodsWe performed a 5‐year retrospective analysis of three risk cohorts: appendectomy (low‐risk for morbidity and mortality, n = 618), urgent hernia repair (intermediate‐risk, n = 80), and laparotomy for intra‐abdominal sepsis with temporary abdominal closure (sTAC; high‐risk, n = 102). Associations between the interval from admission to surgery and outcomes including infectious complications, mortality, length of stay, and hospital charges were assessed by regression modeling.ResultsMedian intervals between admission and surgery for appendectomy, hernia repair, and sTAC were 9.3, 13.5, and 8.1 h, respectively, and did not significantly impact infectious complications or mortality. For appendectomy, each 1 h increase from admission to surgery was associated with increased hospital LOS by 1.1 h (p = 0.002) and increased intensive care unit (ICU) LOS by 0.3 h (p = 0.011). For hernia repair, each 1 h increase from admission to surgery was associated with increased antibiotic duration by 1.6 h (p = 0.007), increased hospital LOS by 3.3 h (p = 0.002), increased ICU LOS by 1.5 h (p = 0.001), and increased hospital charges by $1918 (p < 0.001). For sTAC, each 1 h increase from admission to surgery was associated with increased antibiotic duration by 5.0 h (p = 0.006), increased hospital LOS by 3.9 h (p = 0.046), increased ICU LOS by 3.5 h (p = 0.040), and increased hospital charges by $3919 (p = 0.002).ConclusionsLonger intervals from admission to surgery were associated with prolonged antibiotic administration, longer hospital and ICU length of stay, and increased hospital charges, with strongest effects among high‐risk patients. To improve value of care for acute care surgery patients, operations should proceed as soon as resuscitation is complete.
Predictive Factors for Lymph Node Metastasis in Submucosal Invasive Colorectal Carcinoma: A New Proposal of Depth of Invasion for Radical Surgery
Authors: Han Jeonghee , Hur Hyuk , Min Byung Soh , Lee Kang Young , Kim Nam Kyu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPatients with lymph node metastasis (LNM) in submucosal invasive colorectal carcinoma (SM cancer) require additional surgical treatment after endoscopic dissection. However, because additional radical resection after endoscopic local resection may be unnecessary for cases without LNM, more specific criteria are required in order to diminish the incidence of further radical resection after endoscopic dissection.MethodsA total of 492 patients with biopsy‐proven SM cancer who underwent curative surgery between January 2008 and December 2012 were collected and were divided into LNM group and no LNM group. The cutoff value for the depth of submucosal invasion was analyzed by a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. In this retrospective study, the association between LNM and clinicopathologic factors was analyzed by logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe depth of submucosal invasion of 1900 μm was determined as the cutoff value by ROC curve. Significant, independent predictive factors for LNM included the depth of submucosal invasion >1900 μm (odds ratio [OR] 7.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.1–18.3; p < 0.001), venous invasion (OR 2.4; 95% CI 1.1–5.5; p = 0.03), and poorly differentiated/mucinous adenocarcinoma (OR 6.3; 95% CI 1.3–30.8; p = 0.02).ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that the depth of submucosal invasion (>1900 μm), vascular invasion and poorly differentiated/mucinous carcinoma were predictive factors of LNM in patients with SM cancer. These predictors may help to reduce the incidence of unnecessary surgery after endoscopic resection.