bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Reduction Potentials of Copper Proteins with Continuum Electrostatics and Density Functional Theory
Authors: Fowler Nicholas J. , Blanford Christopher F. , Warwicker Jim , de Visser Sam P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBlue copper proteins, such as azurin, show dramatic changes in Cu2+/Cu+ reduction potential upon mutation over the full physiological range. Hence, they have important functions in electron transfer and oxidation chemistry and have applications in industrial biotechnology. The details of what determines these reduction potential changes upon mutation are still unclear. Moreover, it has been difficult to model and predict the reduction potential of azurin mutants and currently no unique procedure or workflow pattern exists. Furthermore, high‐level computational methods can be accurate but are too time consuming for practical use. In this work, a novel approach for calculating reduction potentials of azurin mutants is shown, based on a combination of continuum electrostatics, density functional theory and empirical hydrophobicity factors. Our method accurately reproduces experimental reduction potential changes of 30 mutants with respect to wildtype within experimental error and highlights the factors contributing to the reduction potential change. Finally, reduction potentials are predicted for a series of 124 new mutants that have not yet been investigated experimentally. Several mutants are identified that are located well over 10 Å from the copper center that change the reduction potential by more than 85 mV. The work shows that secondary coordination sphere mutations mostly lead to long‐range electrostatic changes and hence can be modeled accurately with continuum electrostatics.
Viologens and Their Application as Functional Materials
Authors: Striepe Laura , Baumgartner Thomas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOrganic materials have recently gained considerable attention for electronic applications, improving performance and sustainability to current technologies. Commercialized metal‐based systems are generally expensive, toxic and difficult to recycle, however organic materials offer promising solutions. Viologens,N,N′ di‐quaternized bipyridyl salts, are a well‐studied species exhibiting three reversible redox states, possessing valuable electrochromic and electron‐accepting properties. These properties can be fine‐tuned through synthesis by altering the nitrogen substituents and various counteranions. Currently, viologens have become of great interest as functional materials in a wide array of applications; a few to name include electrochromic devices, molecular machines, and organic batteries. This review highlights representative recent work and advances towards utilizing viologens in practical applications that currently compete with metal‐based technologies. Additionally, modified viologens that can be further fine‐tuned will be discussed.
Drug development for breast, colorectal, and non–small cell lung cancers from 1979 to 2014
Authors: Nixon Nancy A. , Khan Omar F. , Imam Hasiba , Tang Patricia A. , Monzon Jose , Li Haocheng , Sun Gavin , Ezeife Doreen , Parimi Sunil , Dowden Scot , Tam Vincent C. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDUnderstanding the drug development pathway is critical for streamlining the development of effective cancer treatments. The objective of the current study was to delineate the drug development timeline and attrition rate of different drug classes for common cancer disease sites.METHODSDrugs entering clinical trials for breast, colorectal, and non–small cell lung cancer were identified using a pharmaceutical business intelligence database. Data regarding drug characteristics, clinical trials, and approval dates were obtained from the database, clinical trial registries, PubMed, and regulatory Web sites.RESULTSA total of 411 drugs met the inclusion criteria for breast cancer, 246 drugs met the inclusion criteria for colorectal cancer, and 315 drugs met the inclusion criteria for non–small cell lung cancer. Attrition rates were 83.9% for breast cancer, 87.0% for colorectal cancer, and 92.0% for non–small cell lung cancer drugs. In the case of non–small cell lung cancer, there was a trend toward higher attrition rates for targeted monoclonal antibodies compared with other agents. No tumor site‐specific differences were noted with regard to cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunomodulatory, or small molecule kinase inhibitor drugs. Drugs classified as “others” in breast cancer had lower attrition rates, primarily due to the higher success of hormonal medications. Mean drug development times were 8.9 years for breast cancer, 6.7 years for colorectal cancer, and 6.6 years for non–small cell lung cancer.CONCLUSIONSOverall oncologic drug attrition rates remain high, and drugs are more likely to fail in later‐stage clinical trials. The refinement of early‐phase trial design may permit the selection of drugs that are more likely to succeed in the phase 3 setting. Cancer 2017;123:4672‐4679. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Second‐line treatment in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sonbol Mohamad Bassam , Firwana Belal , Wang Zhen , Almader‐Douglas Diana , Borad Mitesh J. , Makhoul Issam , Ramanathan Ramesh K. , Ahn Daniel H. , Bekaii‐Saab Tanios 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUNDThere are limited therapeutic options for treatment‐refractory pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), with a paucity of data to support the best option after progression on gemcitabine‐based regimens. The authors performed a meta‐analysis to determine the effectiveness of adding oxaliplatin (OX) or various irinotecan formulations to a fluoropyrimidine (FP) after first‐line treatment progression in patients with PDAC.METHODSDifferent databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane, were searched to identify randomized controlled trials comparing FP monotherapy versus FP combination therapy that included either oxaliplatin (FPOX) or various irinotecan formulations (FPIRI) in patients with PDAC who progressed after first‐line treatment. Secondary analyses were planned to assess the effectiveness of FPOX and FPIRI compared with FP. Outcomes of interest included overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS).RESULTSFive studies with 895 patients were identified. Patients randomized to receive FPIRI/FPOX had a significantly improved PFS and a trend toward improved OS compared with those who received FP monotherapy. When comparing FPIRI with FP, there was an improvement in both PFS (hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.47‐0.87; P = .005) and OS (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.55‐0.89; P = .004) in patients who received the combination. Conversely, FPOX produced only a modest improvement in PFS with no improvement in OS.CONCLUSIONSCombination chemotherapy with OX or various IRI formulations appears to improve PFS compared with single‐agent FP. FPIRI, but not FPOX, appears to confer an OS advantage. The combination of FP with irinotecan formulations appears to be the appropriate next line of treatment upon progression after gemcitabine‐based chemotherapy regimens. Cancer 2017;123:4680‐4686. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Design and optimization of hybrid resonant loops for efficient wireless power transfer
Authors: Wang Meng , Shi Yanyan , Gao Weikang , Shen Minghui , Shen Mingsheng 
Published: August 2017

SummaryFrequency splitting, caused by magnetic overcoupling, is a great challenge in resonant wireless power transfer, which leads to decrease of transfer efficiency. In this paper, to avoid the frequency splitting, a new design of hybrid resonant loops with an inner coil positioned in the transmitter is proposed for efficient power transfer. It is shown to suppress dramatic variation of mutual inductance when the distance between transmitter and receiver decreases. Analytical expressions of the mutual inductance and the transfer efficiency for the proposed resonant wireless power transfer system are calculated. To obtain a relatively uniform mutual inductance with respect to the distance, the proposed resonant loops are optimized. Simulation and experiments are also performed to validate the effectiveness of the proposed resonant loops in eliminating the frequency splitting. The transfer efficiency remains higher than 80% when the transfer distance decreases below a critical value where frequency splitting occurs for conventional resonant loops. Furthermore, lateral and angular misalignments between the resonant loops are also considered and investigated. The results indicate that the proposed resonant loops are also applicable in suppressing the frequency splitting even in case of misalignments.
Expanding exposure‐based interventions for eating disorders
Authors: Reilly Erin E. , Anderson Lisa M. , Gorrell Sasha , Schaumberg Katherine , Anderson Drew A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInitial trials evaluating exposure‐based interventions for eating disorders (EDs) in the 1980s demonstrated mixed results. Since that time, innovations in exposure therapy for anxiety disorders have yielded insights that can be used to refine and expand the approach to effectively target ED behaviors. This article provides a brief summary of relevant advances in exposure therapy for anxiety and outlines how these advances may be adapted and evaluated for use with ED samples. More specifically, we propose shifting to an inhibitory learning framework, considering treatment targets other than fear, and increasing variability in exposure techniques represent three important areas for future study. Overall, this article aims to provide professionals in the field with a framework for how to incorporate cutting‐edge advances in exposure therapy into rigorous intervention research for EDs.
Changes to white matter microstructure in transient ischemic attack: A longitudinal diffusion tensor imaging study
Authors: Ferris Jennifer K. , Edwards Jodi D. , Ma Jennifer A. , Boyd Lara A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTransient ischemic attack (TIA) is associated with localized ischemic changes, identifiable by diffusion‐weighted imaging. Past research has not considered whether TIA is also associated with diffuse changes to white matter microstructure; further past work has not tracked changes longitudinally. Here we examine whole‐brain changes in fractional anisotropy (FA) in individuals with TIA presenting with sensorimotor symptoms. Twenty individuals with a recent (within 30 days) TIA and 12 healthy older adults were recruited. Participants underwent 3.0 T diffusion MRI at baseline; scans were repeated for the TIA group 90 days post‐TIA. Track‐based spatial statistics (TBSS) was used to conduct a voxel‐wise analysis of FA between groups. FA was significantly lower in the TIA group relative to healthy controls, primarily in anterior white matter tracts including: forceps minor, anterior thalamic radiations, cingulum, inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus, and corticospinal tract. TBSS results informed an ROI‐based longitudinal examination of FA in the TIA group. There were no changes to TBSS‐identified clusters, forceps minor, or the corticospinal tract over time. There was lower FA in the anterior thalamic radiations in the TIA‐affected hemisphere at baseline, but no difference between hemispheres at 90 days. In summary, individuals with TIA presenting with sensorimotor symptoms have decreased FA in tracts that are also implicated in sensorimotor function, which outlast the clinical symptoms associated with TIA. This suggests a more profound type of brain damage associated with TIA than has been typically described in past work. Diffusion tensor imaging may have utility as a marker of TIA‐associated changes to white matter pathways. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5795–5803, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
External jugular veno‐accompanying artery adipofascial flap: A novel and convenient flap for head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Park Seong Oh , Ahn Kyung Chan , Hong Ki Yong , Chang Hak , Imanishi Nobuaki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe veno‐accompanying artery adipofascial (VAF) flap is nourished by accompanying vessels near large superficial veins. We examined whether the VAF flap can be applied to the external jugular vein.MethodsBased on anatomic and angiographic studies, we performed reconstructive surgeries using external jugular veno‐accompanying artery adipofascial (EJ‐VAF) flaps. A retrospective chart review was performed for all patients who underwent this surgery.ResultsThe presence of arteries accompanying the external jugular vein was confirmed. The presence of source arteries was also confirmed. These included the occipital, facial, and superior thyroid arteries. All patients had satisfactory outcomes, except for 1 patient who had partial necrosis, which was managed using conservative treatment.ConclusionOur anatomic and angiographic studies in this clinical series indicate that the EJ‐VAF flap is a reliable and convenient flap. Thus, it is useful in reconstruction of small to medium head and neck defects.
Evaluation of incidence, significance, and prognostic role of circulating tumor microemboli and transforming growth factor‐β receptor I in head and neck cancer
Authors: Fanelli Marcello Ferretti , Oliveira Thiago Bueno , Braun Alexcia Camila , Corassa Marcelo , Abdallah Emne Ali , Nicolau Ulisses Ribaldo , da Silva Alves Vanessa , Garcia Daniel , Calsavara Vinicius F. , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Chinen Ludmilla Thomé Domingos 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundCirculating tumor microemboli (CTM) are clusters of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), involved in metastasis, as also transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β). The purpose of this study was to verify their role in progression‐free survival (PFS).MethodsBlood from patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC; n = 53) was analyzed in 2 moments. TGF‐β receptor I (TGF‐βRI) expression was evaluated by immunocytochemistry.ResultsComparing CTM1 (baseline) with CTM2 (first follow‐up), patients with CTM1‐positive disease who became CTM2‐negative were classified as favorable (PFS 20 months). Patients with unfavorable evolution (CTM1‐negative/CTM2‐positive), had PFS of 17.5 months. Patients always CTM‐negative showed PFS of 22.4 months, those always positive, 4.7 months (P < .001). The TGF‐βRI expression in the first follow‐up correlated with poor PFS (12 × 26 months; P = .007), being an independent prognostic factor (hazard ratio [HR] = 6.088; P =  .033).ConclusionCTM1/2, TGF‐βRI expression, and unfavorable CTM kinetics may represent poor prognosis in locally advanced HNSCC.
pH Imaging Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI
Authors: Pavuluri KowsalyaDevi , McMahon Michael T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAcid‐base homeostasis is an essential process for maintaining proper pH levels in the body, with alterations in this process potentially signaling pathology. While monitoring urine pH, blood gases and other assays can provide information on the overall systemic pH, it is desirable to get more localized knowledge to assist diagnosis. Various non‐invasive methods have been developed with Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer (CEST) MRI now emerging as a particularly intriguing technology for detecting pH. In this review, we provide an overview of the paramagnetic and diamagnetic CEST probes available for producing pH maps, describe in depth the various methods to collect CEST MRI data and post‐process the resulting images to create pH maps and describe how this has been applied for detecting renal injury, mapping the pH of tumors and monitoring the health of transplanted therapeutic cells. Finally, we will provide an outlook of the possibilities to translate this technology into patients.
Detection and diagnosis of meningioma brain tumor using ANFIS classifier
Authors: Kathirvel R. , Batri K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTumors are formed in brain due to the uncontrolled development of cells. These tumors can be cured if it is timely detected and by proper medication. This article proposes a computer‐aided automatic detection and diagnosis of meningioma brain tumors in brain images using Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) classifier. The proposed system consists of feature extraction, classification, and segmentation and diagnosis sections. In this article, Grey level Co‐occurrence Matric (GLCM) and Grid features are extracted from the brain image and these features are classified using ANFIS classifier into normal or abnormal. Then, morphological operations are used to segment the abnormal regions in brain image. Based on the location of these abnormal regions in brain tissues, the segmented tumor regions are diagnosed.
Analysis of denoising filters on MRI brain images
Authors: Saladi Saritha , Amutha Prabha N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modality is an effective tool in the diagnosis of the brain. These MR images are introduced with noise during acquisition which reduces the image quality and limits the accuracy in diagnosis. Elimination of noise in medical images is an important task in preprocessing and there exist different methods to eliminate noise in medical images. In this article, different denoising algorithms such as nonlocal means, principal component analysis, bilateral, and spatially adaptive nonlocal means (SANLM) filters are studied to eliminate noise in MR. Comparative analysis of these techniques have been with help of various metrics such as signal‐to‐noise ratio, peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), mean squared error, root mean squared error, and structure similarity (SSIM). This comparative study shows that the SANLM denoising filter gives the best performance in terms of better PSNR and SSIM in visual interpretation. It also helps in clinical diagnosis of the brain.
An efficient and automatic glioblastoma brain tumor detection using shift‐invariant shearlet transform and neural networks
Authors: Arunachalam Murugan , Royappan Savarimuthu Sabeenian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe detection and segmentation of tumor region in brain image is a critical task due to the similarity between abnormal and normal region. In this article, a computer‐aided automatic detection and segmentation of brain tumor is proposed. The proposed system consists of enhancement, transformation, feature extraction, and classification. The shift‐invariant shearlet transform (SIST) is used to enhance the brain image. Further, nonsubsampled contourlet transform (NSCT) is used as multiresolution transform which transforms the spatial domain enhanced image into multiresolution image. The texture features from grey level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM), Gabor, and discrete wavelet transform (DWT) are extracted with the approximate subband of the NSCT transformed image. These extracted features are trained and classified into either normal or glioblastoma brain image using feed forward back propagation neural networks. Further, K‐means clustering algorithm is used to segment the tumor region in classified glioblastoma brain image. The proposed method achieves 89.7% of sensitivity, 99.9% of specificity, and 99.8% of accuracy.
Fusion of MRI and CT images using guided image filter and image statistics
Authors: Bavirisetti Durga Prasad , Kollu Vijayakumar , Gang Xiao , Dhuli Ravindra 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn medical imaging using different modalities such as MRI and CT, complementary information of a targeted organ will be captured. All the necessary information from these two modalities has to be integrated into a single image for better diagnosis and treatment of a patient. Image fusion is a process of combining useful or complementary information from multiple images into a single image. In this article, we present a new weighted average fusion algorithm to fuse MRI and CT images of a brain based on guided image filter and the image statistics. The proposed algorithm is as follows: detail layers are extracted from each source image by using guided image filter. Weights corresponding to each source image are calculated from the detail layers with help of image statistics. Then a weighted average fusion strategy is implemented to integrate source image information into a single image. Fusion performance is assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Proposed method is compared with the traditional and recent image fusion methods. Results showed that our algorithm yields superior performance.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping in a diabetes mellitus rat model: Iron accumulation in the brain
Authors: Yoon Soo‐Young , Park Soonchan , Kim Hyug‐Gi , Park Tae‐Hee , Kim Sun Mi , Hwang You‐Cheol , Kim Gou Young , Ryu Chang‐Woo , Yoon Tai‐Young , Jahng Geon‐Ho 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study evaluated the susceptibility effects using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) as a marker for regional brain iron alternations in diabetic rat brains. Otsuka Long‐Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats (n = 7) and age‐matched lean Long‐Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) control rats (n = 8) were scanned using a three‐dimensional gradient‐echo sequence in a 3 Tesla MRI to map QSM. The correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between the QSM value and the body weight and the fasting blood glucose value of the rats. QSM values in the OLETF group were significantly increased in hippocampi and thalami, as compared with those of the LETO group. The QSM values of the OLETF rats were negatively correlated with the body weight in putamen and were significantly correlated with the fasting blood glucose level in the left amygdala and right thalamus. With higher QSM values in diabetic rats than in control rats, QSM values in the diabetic group were significantly correlated with the body weight and the fasting blood glucose level, indicating that the QSM technique should be helpful to noninvasively investigate iron overload in the diabetic brain.
NOX4‐ and Nrf2‐mediated oxidative stress induced by silver nanoparticles in vascular endothelial cells
Authors: Sun Xia , Yang Yi , Shi Junpeng , Wang Chengcheng , Yu Zhenfeng , Zhang Hongwu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIt has been widely reported that silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) induce oxidative stress in various cell lines. However, the mechanism for this effect and its consequences for cellular signaling are poorly understood. In this study, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to assess the toxicity and investigate the associated molecular mechanisms caused by exposure to AgNPs. We demonstrated that AgNP exposure significantly and dose‐dependently decreased the cell viability, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and led to early apoptosis in HUVECs. Our findings showed that AgNPs induced excess ROS production that affected the signaling pathways by a mechanism that depended on activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity through upregulation of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) protein expressions. Moreover, AgNPs could disrupt the inactivation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2)‐mediated antioxidant response, which is considered another important element for oxidative stress caused by AgNPs in HUVECs. The redox imbalance between NOX4 and Nrf2 was an important cause for the ROS overproduction that led to cell injury in HUVECs. The results provided insight into the mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by AgNPs in vascular endothelial cells.