bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Architecting the ‘third teacher’: Solid foundations for the participatory and principled design of schools and (built) learning environments
Authors: Hall Tony 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis issue of theEuropean Journal of Educationexamines a crucially important, though largely overlooked, area in educational design research: architecting and building physical educational environments. Effective policymaking in school design necessitates the negotiated, shared and timely input of key educational stakeholders, including policymakers, architects, educational designers, pupils, teachers, and parents. Furthermore, practical, participatory and principled examples of the design and construction of bespoke learning spaces are warranted to guide those formulating and implementing policy, particularly the commissioning and construction of built educational environments. The articles exemplify how to engage diverse, key stakeholders in participatory design of school buildings, whilst practically illustrating design innovations in context. This commentary article offers reflections on the respective articles, informed by extant, relevant research on the history and praxis of school building design internationally. This includes the Reggio Emilia Schools’ socio‐material concept of ‘the third teacher’, a philosophy that is particularly germane to the participatory design of contemporary (built) learning environments. The article concludes with design sensitivities and SEAM framework (space,engagement,aestheticityandmedia), which can be used to explore and extend further the concepts, methods and technologies outlined in this issue.
Fusion of artificial neural networks for learning capability enhancement: Application to medical image classification
Authors: Hemanth Jude D. , Anitha J. , Ane Bernadetta Kwintiana 
Published: July 2017

AbstractArtificial neural network (ANN) is one of the commonly used tools for computational applications. The specific advantages of ANN are high accuracy, less convergence time, less computational complexity, and so forth. However, all these merits are not available in the same ANN. Even though back propagation neural (BPN) networks are accurate, their computational complexity is significantly high. BPN networks are also not stable. On the other hand, Hopfield neural network (HNN) is better than BPN in terms of computational efficiency. But the accuracy of HNN is low. In this work, a modified ANN is proposed to overcome this specific problem. The modified ANN is a fusion of BPN and HNN. The technical concepts of BPN and HNN are mixed in the training algorithm of the proposed back propagation‐Hopfield network (BPHN). The objective of this fusion is to improve the performance of conventional ANN. Magnetic resonance brain image classification experiments are used to analyse the proposed BPHN. Experimental results have suggested improvement in the learning process of the proposed BPHN. A comparative analysis with the conventional networks is performed to validate the performance of the proposed approach.
Possible Involvement of Hypotension in Postprandial Headache: A Case Series
Authors: Takizawa Tsubasa , Shibata Mamoru , Hiraide Takahiro , Seki Morinobu , Takahashi Shinichi , Suzuki Norihiro 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundIt is commonly known that headaches are induced by intake of specific food, drink, and/or additive. In addition, some patients experience postprandial headache independent of ingestion of specific items. Currently, information on the pathophysiology underlying this particular type of headache is scarce.Case reportsWe report two cases in which headaches were observed after each meal. Postprandial hypotension was demonstrated in both cases. Tonometry‐based continuous blood pressure measurement during head‐up tilt revealed sympathetic dysfunction. In one patient, meta‐iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy detected cardiac sympathetic denervation, and diagnosis of pure autonomic failure was made. In both cases, treatment of postprandial hypotension was effective in relieving postprandial headache.DiscussionThe possibility of postprandial hypotension should be explored in patients with headache that occurs after meal. To this end, tonometry‐based blood pressure measurement and MIBG myocardial scintigraphy may be useful diagnostic investigations. Treating postprandial hypotension may be effective in alleviating the symptoms.
External stakeholders and internal practices in departments of teacher education at European universities
Authors: Aarrevaara Timo , Wikström Janne , Maassen Peter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractResearch‐intensive universities are operating in an environment of conflicting goals and priorities. Their status in research as well as education is dependent on their performance in various global arenas where performance can be measured with relatively clear indicators. However, success in operations outside the primary tasks of the academic community, such as universities' societal relevance, is more difficult to identify. Tasks outside the core of academic work are subject to requirements that are less well defined and are more abstract. This article seeks to define these noncore requirements as external contingencies and to analyse them by means of a contingency approach.
Processes and stages of differentiation in European higher education
Authors: Goglio Valentina , Regini Marino 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this article we discuss processes of internal differentiation that have characterised European higher education systems in the last 50 years. We argue that these processes have gone through two main stages and in two different directions, each of which is showing its limits in the long run. Therefore, we expect a third stage of differentiation, which will be both internal to individual higher education institutions and multi‐dimensional concerning functions performed. In the first stage (1960–1970s) the main objective was to create a vocational track, without having to profoundly modify traditional academic institutions. In the second stage (mid‐1990s) the main objective was to differentiate between the more and the less competitive universities as regards the amount of financial and symbolic resources provided to them. However, large comprehensive universities are containers of smaller units whose performance may vary widely. Moreover, research is just one of the several functions that modern universities perform. The final section of the article provides some empirical evidence from United Kingdom universities to support the hypothesis of a third stage of differentiation.
Significant improvement in triglyceride levels after switching from ritonavir to cobicistat in suppressed HIV‐1‐infected subjects with dyslipidaemia
Authors: Echeverría P , Bonjoch A , Puig J , Ornella A , Clotet B , Negredo E 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesCobicistat seems to have a low rate of adverse events compared with ritonavir.MethodsThis restrospective observational study to evaluated changes in lipid parameters and the percentage of subjects with dyslipidemia in virologically suppressed HIV‐infected patients who were receiving a regimen containing darunavir/ritonavir and were then switched from ritonavir to cobicistat, carried out from December 2015 to May 2016, included 299 HIV‐1‐infected patients who were on stable antiretroviral treatment including darunavir/ritonavir (monotherapy, bitherapy or triple therapy for at least 6 months) and were then switched from ritonavir to cobicistat. Lipid parameters, as well as plasma HIV‐1 RNA and CD4 cell counts, were recorded at baseline just before the switch, and 24 weeks after the switch. Patients were stratified according to the presence of hypercholesterolaemia [baseline total cholesterol > 200 mg/dL and/or low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol > 130 mg/dL] or hypertriglyceridaemia (baseline triglyceride levels > 200 mg/dL).ResultsTwo hundred and ninety‐nine patients were enrolled in the study. Fifty‐two per cent of the total study population showed dyslipidaemia at baseline. All patients maintained HIV‐1 RNA ≤ 50 HIV‐1 RNA copies/mL at week 24. No statistically significant changes were seen in CD4 T‐cell count from baseline to week 24 [654 (298) to 643 (313) cells/μL; P = 0.173]. When patients were stratified according to the presence of hypercholesterolaemia at baseline (n = 124), significant changes were observed in total cholesterol (P < 0.001), LDL cholesterol (P = 0.047), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (P = 0.002) and triglyceride levels (P = 0.025), and when they were stratified according to the presence of hypertriglyceridaemia at baseline (n = 64), changes from baseline to week 24 in triglyceride level were statistically significant [median (interquartile range) 352 (223, 389) mg/dL at baseline and 229 (131, 279) mg/dL at week 24; P < 0.001].ConclusionsCobicistat as a booster of darunavir in HIV‐infected subjects had a beneficial effect on the lipid profile in patients with hypercholesterolaemia or hypertrigliceridaemia at baseline.
Economic Reintegration of Ethiopian Women Returned from the Middle East
Authors: Nisrane Beza L. , Morissens Ann , Need Ariana , Torenvlied René 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCurrent migration studies and policy reviews neglect the vital link between migration experiences of labour migrants and their return and reintegration process. The objective of this study is to highlight the phenomenon and bring the matter to policy makers’ attention. This study uses in‐depth interviews and a series of focus group discussions to explore the relationship between migration experiences and economic reintegration of unskilled Ethiopian women who are return migrants from Middle Eastern countries. Economic reintegration, which in its basic form is about securing a livelihood, is a challenge for most returnees. The reason relates to the migration settings, preparedness and reintegration assistance in the home county. Reintegration assistance for involuntary returnees is beneficial only for those who manage to obtain some savings out of their migration. The findings imply the need for policy improvements regarding the working conditions of female domestic workers in the host countries and reintegration programmes in the home countries.
Joint pricing and overbooking policy in a full payment presale mechanism of new products
Authors: He Bo , Pan Wei , Yang Yange 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates a full payment presale mechanism of new products, in which consumers make a full payment while booking and are allowed to cancel their bookings with full refunds before the products’ delivery time. To fully utilize the limited capacity, the manufacturer can incorporate the overbooking policy into the full payment presale mechanism by jointly setting its sales price and booking limit. We analyze the manufacturer's revenue maximization problem and develop some useful properties. In addition, we propose an iterative algorithm for solving this problem. Finally, we conduct numerical computations to evaluate the overbooking policy and examine the impacts of relevant parameters on the expected profits. We find that the overbooking policy will benefit the manufacturer. However, a higher capacity will not necessarily lead to a higher profit for a manufacturer with an overbooking policy.
Improving language comprehension in preschool children with language difficulties: a cluster randomized trial
Authors: Hagen Åste M. , Melby‐Lervåg Monica , Lervåg Arne 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundChildren with language comprehension difficulties are at risk of educational and social problems, which in turn impede employment prospects in adulthood. However, few randomized trials have examined how such problems can be ameliorated during the preschool years.MethodsWe conducted a cluster randomized trial in 148 preschool classrooms. Our intervention targeted language comprehension skills and lasted 1 year and 1 month, with five blocks of 6 weeks and intervention three times per week (about 75 min per week). Effects were assessed on a range of measures of language performance.ResultsImmediately after the intervention, there were moderate effects on both near, intermediate and distal measures of language performance. At delayed follow‐up (7 months after the intervention), these reliable effects remained for the distal measures.ConclusionsIt is possible to intervene in classroom settings to improve the language comprehension skills of children with language difficulties. However, it appears that such interventions need to be intensive and prolonged.
Evaluation of nonthermal effects of electricity on inactivation kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli during ohmic heating of infant formula
Authors: de Quadros Rodrigues Rochele , Dalmás Michelle , Chemello Muller Diego , Dambróz Escobar Daniela , Campani Pizzato Alessandra , Mercali Giovana Domeneghini , Tondo Eduardo César 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study investigated the nonthermal effects of electricity on microbial inactivation kinetics of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli during ohmic heating (OH) of infant formula. For this, temperature profiles during OH and conventional heating (CV) processes were matched, and the kinetic parameters were compared at temperatures ranging from 57.5 to 65.0 °C. The inactivation kinetics were analyzed using an inactivation model, which allowed the definition of the thermal tolerance from kmax and D values. For S. aureus, significant differences (p < .05) between D and kmax values were observed when OH and CV treatment were compared in all temperatures. The results demonstrated a higher efficiency of OH over CV, indicating that microbial inactivation may have been caused by electroporation in addition to thermal effects. For E. coli, a significant difference (p < .05) between D values was observed only at 57.5 °C. Moreover, D values for both heating technologies were lower at 65 °C, which suggests a faster inactivation and, therefore, a lower degradation of nutritional compounds. Taking into consideration both microbial species, the best treatment for human milk pasteurization is OH at 65 °C.Practical applicationsThe low‐temperature long‐time pasteurization (62.5 °C for 30 min) is the currently recommended method for heat treatment of human milk in human milk banks (HMB) because it is simple to be applied and guarantees microbiological safety. However, it can promote significant losses of nutritional and organoleptic quality due to the slow conduction of heat transfer. Therefore, alternative technologies for human milk pasteurization need to be explored. OH is a faster heating technology, appropriate for heat‐sensitive products. Although already established in the food industry, the OH advantages have not been considered for human milk pasteurization. The objective is to provide an alternative technology to the HMB that ensure safety and lower‐impact on nutritional compounds. This study contributes for the correct understanding of the nonthermal effects associated with passage of electricity through foodstuff on microorganism's inactivation. Moreover, it has significant economic consequences to industry, supporting modeling and optimization to produce safe products with higher nutritional and sensory characteristics.
Honokiol attenuates diet‐induced non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating macrophage polarization through activating peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ
Authors: Zhong Xueqing , Liu Hailin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and aimNon‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may develop into hepatic cirrhosis. This study aimed to investigate whether honokiol could prevent NASH induced by high‐cholesterol and high‐fat (CL) diet in mice and the possible mechanism involved.MethodsMice were fed with CL diet for 12 weeks to establish a NASH model; honokiol (0.02% w/w in diet) was added to evaluate its effect on NASH. Murine peritoneal macrophages, RAW264.7 and ANA‐1 cells, were used to explore the possible mechanisms of honokiol on macrophage polarization.ResultsMice developed NASH after fed with CL diet for 12 weeks. Honokiol supplementation alleviated insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis induced by CL diet. Immunohistochemistry showed that honokiol induced more M2 macrophages in livers compared with CL diet alone. Honokiol decreased M1 marker genes (TNFα and MCP‐1) and increased M2 marker gene (YM‐1, IL‐10, IL‐4R and IL‐13) expression in mice liver compared with CL diet. Moreover, treatment with honokiol lowered alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in serum and preserved liver from lipid peroxidation, evidenced by lowered hepatic malondialdehyde level. Honokiol has antioxidant function, as honokiol upregulated hepatic glutathione and superoxide dismutase level and downregulated hepatic CYP2E1 protein level. Hepatic peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its target genes were upregulated by honokiol. Furthermore, honokiol (10 μM) treatment in mouse peritoneal cells, RAW264.7 cells and ANA‐1 cells, led to M2 macrophage polarization, whereas a PPARγ antagonist, GW9662, abolished this effect of honokiol.ConclusionsHonokiol can attenuate CL diet‐induced NASH and the mechanism in which possibly is polarizing macrophages to M2 phenotype via PPARγ activation.
Differential effects of variance in prey arrival on foraging success and growth rate of two pit‐building antlion species
Authors: Barkae E. D. , Scharf I. , Ovadia O. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAnimals in nature generally face fluctuating rather than constant environmental conditions. When given a choice, animals usually seek to minimize the variance of gain. However, it is clear that the avoidance of variance in energetic gain depends on several factors, including hunger level. While holding the mean prey encountered constant, we studied the effect of variance in prey arrival on the growth rates of two pit‐building antlion species, Myrmeleon hyalinus and Cueta lineosa. Both species construct pit‐traps in loose soils and ambush small prey in the same desert habitats, while differing in their preferred microhabitat: shaded vs. exposed to direct sunlight. We expected the light‐preferring species to better tolerate variance in feeding than the shade‐preferring species, owing to the former's higher stress tolerance and natural occurrence in microhabitats that are more likely poor with prey. While increasing variance in prey arrival reduced the growth rates of both species, this decrease was more pronounced in the species inhabiting the shaded and most likely prey‐richer microhabitat. The greater variance tolerance of the light‐preferring species stems from its ability to capture several prey items when almost simultaneously encountered. It could also be that this species has lower basal metabolic rate, which improves its starvation tolerance. These two antlion species differed in their prey capture success, starvation and thermal tolerance, and we thus suggest that their tolerance to variance in feeding opportunities and functional response offer an additional axis that enables them to coexist in the same desert habitats.
Hypervelocity impacts into ice‐topped layered targets: Investigating the effects of ice crust thickness and subsurface density on crater morphology
Authors: Harriss Kathryn H. , Burchell Mark J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMany bodies in the outer solar system are theorized to have an ice shell with a different subsurface material below, be it chondritic, regolith, or a subsurface ocean. This layering can have a significant influence on the morphology of impact craters. Accordingly, we have undertaken laboratory hypervelocity impact experiments on a range of multilayered targets, with interiors of water, sand, and basalt. Impact experiments were undertaken using impact speeds in the range of 0.8–5.3 km s−1, a 1.5 mm Al ball bearing projectile, and an impact incidence of 45°. The surface ice crust had a thickness between 5 and 50 mm, i.e., some 3–30 times the projectile diameter.The thickness of the ice crust as well as the nature of the subsurface layer (liquid, well consolidated, etc.) have a marked effect on the morphology of the resulting impact crater, with thicker ice producing a larger crater diameter (at a given impact velocity), and the crater diameter scaling with impact speed to the power 0.72 for semi‐infinite ice, but with 0.37 for thin ice. The density of the subsurface material changes the structure of the crater, with flat crater floors if there is a dense, well‐consolidated subsurface layer (basalt) or steep, narrow craters if there is a less cohesive subsurface (sand). The associated faulting in the ice surface is also dependent on ice thickness and the substrate material.We find that the ice layer (in impacts at 5 km s−1) is effectively semi‐infinite if its thickness is more than 15.5 times the projectile diameter. Below this, the crater diameter is reduced by 4% for each reduction in ice layer thickness equal to the impactor diameter. Crater depth is also affected. In the ice thickness region, 7–15.5 times the projectile diameter, the crater shape in the ice is modified even when the subsurface layer is not penetrated. For ice thicknesses, <7 times the projectile diameter, the ice layer is breached, but the nature of the resulting crater depends heavily on the subsurface material. If the subsurface is noncohesive (loose) material, a crater forms in it. If it is dense, well‐consolidated basalt, no crater forms in the exposed subsurface layer.
Increasing the Capacity of the Intersection Downstream of the Freeway Off‐Ramp Using Presignals
Authors: Zhao Jing , Ma Wanjing , Xu Haijun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHigh volume from urban freeway off‐ramps coupled with extensive traffic weaving and limited capacity at downstream intersections create major bottlenecks in urban road networks. This article presents an integrated design model to eliminate traffic weaving and to maximize the section's overall capacity by using the presignal and sorting area concept. The selection of movements controlled by the presignal, the layout of the section, and the signal timing are optimized in a uniform framework by a mixed‐integer nonlinear program model. The mathematical model was linearized and solved using the standard branch‐and‐bound technique. Extensive numerical analysis and a case study validate the effectiveness of the proposed integrated model in improving capacity with the comparison of conventional design under various geometric configuration and traffic demand pattern scenarios. The proposed model has promising application at locations where the queuing space is long enough and the number of exit lanes is enough to receive the traffic stream from the sorting area.