bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of SRC‐3 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma aggressiveness by enhancing cell growth and invasiveness
Authors: Xu Fang‐Ping , Liu Yan‐Hui , Luo Xin‐Lan , Zhang Fen , Zhou Hai‐Yu , Ge Yan , Liu Chao , Chen Jie , Luo Dong‐Lan , Yan Li‐Xu , Mei Ping , Xu Jie , Zhuang Heng‐Guo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSteroid receptor coactivator‐3 (SRC‐3), a transcriptional coactivator for nuclear receptors and other transcription factors, plays an important role in the genesis and progression of several cancers. However, studies investigated the role of SRC‐3 in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) are limited, and the role of SRC‐3 in tumor progression remains unclear. We examined the expression of SRC‐3 in 8 ESCC cell lines and 302 human ESCC tissues by qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. In addition, ESCC cell lines were subjected to proliferation and invasion assays, tumorigenicity assay, flow cytometry assay, qPCR, Western blot, and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assay to investigate the role of SRC‐3 in cancer progression. SRC‐3 was overexpressed in 48% of cases and correlated with poor overall (P = 0.0076) and progression‐free (P = 0.0069) survival of surgically resected ESCC patient. Cox regression analysis revealed that SRC‐3 is an independent prognostic marker. Furthermore, we found that activation of insulin‐like growth factor (IGF)/AKT) was involved in the SRC‐3 on the cell growth and invasiveness in two ESCC cell lines, Eca109 and EC18 cells. SRC‐3 overexpression is clinically and functionally relevant to the progression of human ESCC, and might be a useful molecular target for ESCC prognosis and treatment.
A Fluorescent Probe for Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells with High Differentiation Capability into Neurons
Authors: Kim Beomsue , Feng Suihan , Yun Seong‐Wook , Leong Cheryl , Satapathy Rudrakanta , Wan Si Yan Diana , Chang Young‐Tae 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSelection of a specific neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) has attracted broad attention in regenerative medicine for neurological disorders. Here, we report a fluorescent probe, CDg13, and its application for isolating strong neurogenic NSPCs. In comparison to the NSPCs isolated by other biomarkers, CDg13‐stained NSPCs showed higher capability to differentiate into neurons. Target identification revealed that the fluorescence intensity of the probe within cells is inversely proportional to the expression levels of mouse and human Abcg2 transporters. These findings suggest that low Abcg2 expression is a biomarker for neurogenic NSPCs in mouse brain. Furthermore, CDg13 can be used to isolate Abcg2low cells from heterogeneous cell populations.
A Tandem Green–Red Heterodimeric Fluorescent Protein with High FRET Efficiency
Authors: Wiens Matthew D. , Shen Yi , Li Xi , Salem M. Alaraby , Smisdom Nick , Zhang Wei , Brown Alex , Campbell Robert E. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe tetrameric red fluorescent protein from Discosoma sp. coral (DsRed) has previously been engineered to produce dimeric and monomeric fluorescent variants with excitation and emission profiles that span the visible spectrum. The brightest of the effectively monomeric DsRed variants is tdTomato—a tandem fusion of a dimeric DsRed variant. Here we describe the engineering of brighter red (RRvT), green (GGvT), and green–red heterodimeric (GRvT) tdTomato variants. GRvT exhibited 99 % intramolecular FRET efficiency, resulting in long Stokes shift red fluorescence. These new variants could prove useful for multicolor live‐cell imaging applications.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Cross‐Coupling of Carboranyllithium with (Hetero)Aryl Halides
Authors: Lu Ju‐You , Wan Hong , Zhang Jianwei , Wang Zhixuan , Li Yang , Du Yongmei , Li Chunying , Liu Zhao‐Tie , Liu Zhong‐Wen , Lu Jian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA palladium‐catalyzed direct C‐arylation reaction of readily available cage carboranyllithium reagents with aryl halides has been developed for the first time. This method is applicable to a wide range of aryl halide substrates including aryl iodides, aryl bromides, and heteroaromatic halides.
Cytotoxicity of Exfoliated Layered Vanadium Dichalcogenides
Authors: Latiff Naziah Mohamad , Sofer Zdeněk , Fisher Adrian C. , Pumera Martin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTransition‐metal Group 5 vanadium dichalcogenides have shown promising properties for many applications, such as batteries, capacitors, electrocatalysts for hydrogen production and many more. However, their toxicological effects have not yet been well understood. Here, we studied the cytotoxicity of exfoliated VS2, VSe2 and VTe2 by incubating various concentrations of the materials with human lung carcinoma (A549) cells for 24 h and measuring the remaining cell viabilities after the treatment. We found that these vanadium dichalcogenides are relatively more toxic compared to Group 6 transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), namely MoS2, WS2 and WSe2. This study is important for a better understanding of the toxicity of TMDs in preparation for their actual commercialisation in the future.
Tribolumineszenz
Authors: Brandl Herbert , Täuscher Eric , Weiß Dieter 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDer Beitrag gibt einen Überblick zum Thema Tribolumineszenz. Es wird die geschichtliche Entwicklung der Forschung dargestellt, gleichzeitig werden neuere Entdeckungen angesprochen sowie einige wissenschaftliche Grundlagen vermittelt. Ein umfangreicher experimenteller Teil soll dazu anregen, selber Experimente auf diesem wenig beachteten Gebiet der Chemie durchzuführen.
Assessment of reduced‐order unscented Kalman filter for parameter identification in 1‐dimensional blood flow models using experimental data
Authors: Caiazzo A. , Caforio Federica , Montecinos Gino , Muller Lucas O. , Blanco Pablo J. , Toro Eluterio F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis work presents a detailed investigation of a parameter estimation approach on the basis of the reduced‐order unscented Kalman filter (ROUKF) in the context of 1‐dimensional blood flow models. In particular, the main aims of this study are (1) to investigate the effects of using real measurements versus synthetic data for the estimation procedure (i.e., numerical results of the same in silico model, perturbed with noise) and (2) to identify potential difficulties and limitations of the approach in clinically realistic applications to assess the applicability of the filter to such setups. For these purposes, the present numerical study is based on a recently published in vitro model of the arterial network, for which experimental flow and pressure measurements are available at few selected locations. To mimic clinically relevant situations, we focus on the estimation of terminal resistances and arterial wall parameters related to vessel mechanics (Young's modulus and wall thickness) using few experimental observations (at most a single pressure or flow measurement per vessel). In all cases, we first perform a theoretical identifiability analysis on the basis of the generalized sensitivity function, comparing then the results owith the ROUKF, using either synthetic or experimental data, to results obtained using reference parameters and to available measurements.
Automated femoral landmark extraction for optimal prosthesis placement in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: de Almeida Diogo F. , Ruben Rui B. , Folgado João , Fernandes Paulo R. , Gamelas João , Verhegghe Benedict , De Beule Matthieu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe automated extraction of anatomical reference landmarks in the femoral volume may improve speed, precision, and accuracy of surgical procedures, such as total hip arthroplasty. These landmarks are often hard to achieve, even via surgical incision. In addition, it provides a presurgical guidance for prosthesis sizing and placement. This study presents an automated workflow for femoral orientation and landmark extraction from a 3D surface mesh. The extraction of parameters such as the femoral neck axis, the femoral middle diaphysis axis, both trochanters and the center of the femoral head will allow the surgeon to establish the correct position of bony cuts to restore leg length and femoral offset. The definition of the medullary canal endosteal wall is used to position the prosthesis' stem. Furthermore, prosthesis alignment and sizing methods were implemented to provide the surgeon with presurgical information about performance of each of the patient‐specific femur‐implant couplings. The workflow considers different commercially available hip stems and has the potential to help the preoperative planning of a total hip arthroplasty in an accurate, repeatable, and reliable way. The positional and orientation errors are significantly reduced, and therefore, the risk of implant failure and subsequent revision surgery are also reduced.
Hepatic Vitamin A Content Investigation Using Coherent Anti‐Stokes Raman Scattering Microscopy
Authors: Legesse Fisseha Bekele , Heuke Sandro , Galler Kerstin , Hoffmann Patrick , Schmitt Michael , Neugebauer Ute , Bauer Michael , Popp Jürgen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStandard techniques for examining the distribution of vitamin A in liver either require staining or lead to rapid photobleaching of the molecule. A potentially better alternative approach is to use coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy; a fast, label‐free, non‐disruptive imaging method that provides contrast based on molecular vibrations. This contribution evaluates the viability of CARS microscopy for imaging vitamin A within thick hepatic tissue under physiological conditions by tuning into its characteristic vibrational band in the fingerprint region. Additional information about the morphology and architecture of the tissue was acquired using second harmonic generation (SHG) and multi‐photon excited fluorescence (MPEF) to help mapping the intra‐lobular positions of the vitamin A droplets. We demonstrate the capability of our multimodal imaging framework to selectively image lipid‐soluble vitamin A droplets deep in bulk liver tissue with a high contrast while co‐registering a complementary morphological background that clearly visualizes hepatic lobules. The results obtained envisage the good prospect of the technique for in vivo studies assessing vitamin A distribution heterogeneity and how it is affected by the progression of hepatic diseases.
Synthesis of 1‐Amino‐2,4‐Dinitroimidazole Optimized by Online Infrared Spectroscopy and its Energetic Properties
Authors: Qu Yanyang , Chen Ya , Chi Yu , Ma Qing , Wang Jun , Huang Jinglun , Yang Guangcheng 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe optimization of the reaction conditions (solvent, reaction time, and aminating agent) for the synthesis of 1‐amino‐2,4‐dinitroimidazole (3) by monitoring the reaction with online infrared spectroscopy is reported in this study. First, the thermal characteristics of 3 were studied by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC; using heating rates of 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 K min−1), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), and the thermal explosion method. The Kissinger and Ozawa methods were used to calculate the average activation energy for the formation of 3; with logarithmic frequency factors (ln A) of 21.04 and 9.62, and activation energies (Ea) of 98.68 and 102.28 kJ mol−1, respectively. Compound 3 and its reaction precursors 2,4‐dinitroimidazole (1) and 1,4‐dinitroimidazole were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Compound 3 is shown to have good energetic properties, as determined through EXPLO5 v6.02 and actual measurement. Furthermore, this energetic material is found to have low impact sensitivity (IS>40 J) and friction sensitivity (FS>360 N).
Descriptors and Thermodynamic Limitations of Electrocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction on Rutile Oxide Surfaces
Authors: Bhowmik Arghya , Vegge Tejs , Hansen Heine A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA detailed understanding of the electrochemical reduction of CO2 into liquid fuels on rutile metal oxide surfaces is developed by using DFT calculations. We consider oxide overlayer structures on RuO2(1 1 0) surfaces as model catalysts to elucidate the trends and limitations in the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) based on thermodynamic analysis. We aim to specify the requirements for CO2RR catalysts to establish adsorbate scaling relations and use these to derive activity volcanoes. Computational results show that the OH* binding free energy is a good descriptor of the thermodynamic limitations and it defines the left leg of the activity volcano for CO2RR. HCOOH* is a key intermediate for products formed through further reduction, for example, methanediol, methanol, and methane. The surfaces that do not bind HCOOH* are selective towards formic acid (HCOOH) production, but hydrogen evolution limits their suitability. We determine the ideal binding free energy for H* and OH* to facilitate selective CO2RR over H2/CO evolution to be ΔGB[H]>0.5 eV and −0.5 eV<ΔGB[OH]<0.1 eV. The Re‐containing overlayers considered in this work display excellent promise for selectivity, although they are active at a highly reducing potential.
Improving the Performance of Formamidinium and Cesium Lead Triiodide Perovskite Solar Cells using Lead Thiocyanate Additives
Authors: Yu Yue , Wang Changlei , Grice Corey R. , Shrestha Niraj , Chen Jing , Zhao Dewei , Liao Weiqiang , Cimaroli Alexander J. , Roland Paul J. , Ellingson Randy J. , Yan Yanfa 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFormamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3) is considered as an alternative to methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3) because of its lower band gap and better thermal stability. However, owing to the large size of FA cations, it is difficult to synthesize high‐quality FAPbI3 thin films without the formation of an undesirable yellow phase. Smaller sized cations, such as MA and Cs, have been successfully used to suppress the formation of the yellow phase. Whereas FA and MA lead triiodide perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) higher than 20 %, the PCEs of formamidinium and cesium lead triiodide (FA1−xCsxPbI3) PVSCs have been only approximately 16.5 %. Herein, we report our examination of the main factors limiting the PCEs of (FA1−xCsxPbI3) PVSCs. We find that one of the main limiting factors could be the small grain sizes (≈120 nm), which leads to relatively short carrier lifetimes. We further find that adding a small amount of lead thiocyanate [Pb(SCN)2] to the precursors can enlarge the grain size of (FA1−xCsxPbI3) perovskite thin films and significantly increase carrier lifetimes. As a result, we are able to fabricate (FA1−xCsxPbI3) PVSCs with significantly improved open‐circuit voltages and fill factors and, therefore, enhanced PCEs. With an optimal 0.5 mol % Pb(SCN)2 additive, the average PCE is increased from 16.18±0.50 (13.45±0.78) % to 18.16±0.54 (16.86±0.63) % for planar FA0.8Cs0.2PbI3 PVSCs if measured under reverse (forward) voltage scans. The champion cell registers a PCE of 19.57 (18.12) % if measured under a reverse (forward) voltage scan, which is comparable to that of the best‐performing MA‐containing planar FA‐based lead halide PVSCs.
Trapped in the web of water: Groundwater‐fed springs are island‐like ecosystems for the meiofauna
Authors: Fattorini Simone , Borges Paulo A. V. , Fiasca Barbara , Galassi Diana M. P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe investigated whether the equilibrium theory of island biogeography (ETIB) can be applied to the meiofauna of groundwater‐fed springs. We tested whether copepod species richness was related with spring area, discharge, and elevation. Additionally, five hypotheses are tested based on species distribution patterns, dispersal ability, and life‐history characteristics of several guilds (stygobiotic, nonstygobiotic, cold stenotherm, and noncold stenotherm species). Thirty springs in the central Apennines (Italy) were considered. A multimodel selection procedure was applied to select best‐fit models using both ordinary least‐squares regressions and autoregressive models. Mantel tests were used to investigate the impact of spatial autocorrelation in determining interspring similarity (ßsor), pure turnover (ßsim), intersite nestedness (ßnest = ßsor − ßsim), and matrix nestedness (measured using NODF and other metrics). Explicit consideration of spatial correlations reduced the importance of predictors of overall species richness, noncold stenotherm species (both negatively affected by elevation), cold stenotherm species, and nonstygobiotic species, but increased the importance of area for the stygobiotic species. We detected nested patterns in all cases, except for the stygobites. Interspring distances were positively correlated with ßsor and ßnest (but not with ßsim) for the entire data set and for nonstygobiotic, cold stenotherm, and noncold stenotherm species. In the case of stygobites, interspring geographical distances were marginally correlated with ßsor and no correlation was found for ßsim and ßnest. We found support for ETIB predictions about species richness, which was positively influenced by area and negatively by elevation (which expresses the size of source of immigrants). Low turnover and high nestedness are consistent with an equilibrium scenario mainly regulated by immigration and extinction. Stygobites, which include many distributional and evolutionary relicts, have a low capability to disperse through the aquifers and tend to be mainly confined to the springs where they drifted out and were trapped by springbed sediments.
Polypyrrole Nanospheres – Electrochemical Properties and Application as a Solid Contact in Ion‐selective Electrodes
Authors: Jaworska Ewa , Michalska Agata , Maksymiuk Krzysztof 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPolypyrrole nanospheres of uniform size, close to 40 nm, of highly active and unblocked surface were obtained. The novel synthetic approach applied used poly(n‐butyl acrylate) microspheres to deliver the monomer (pyrrole) to the oxidant (iron(III) nitrate) aqueous solution. Small portions of dispersion of these nanoparticles were coated on glassy carbon electrodes, yielding stable films suitable for electrochemical studies. Electrochemical experiments: Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed high transport rate of ions inside the polymer and high charge transfer reactions rate, manifested in highly capacitive characteristics of such layers. These properties are different from those of classical electrochemically obtained polypyrrole. Due to their capacitive properties, polypyrrole nanospheres layers were applied as a solid contact in ion‐selective electrodes, on example of a potassium‐selective potentiometric sensor. Although the capacitance of the conducting polymer was much lower than in the absence of the ion‐selective membrane, it was sufficiently high to obtain sensors with stable potentiometric signals.
Low‐dose radiotherapy in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Furlan Carlo , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Spina Michele , Michieli Mariagrazia , Ermacora Anna , Maestro Roberta , Piccinin Sara , Bomben Riccardo , Dal Bo Michele , Trovo Marco , Gattei Valter , Tirelli Umberto , Franchin Giovanni , Bulian Pietro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLow‐dose radiotherapy (LDRT) given in 2 × 2 Gy is a highly effective and safe treatment for palliation of indolent lymphomas. Otherwise, very little regarding the use of LDRT for diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has been investigated. We designed a phase 2 trial of LDRT in patients with DLBCL with indication for palliative radiation. Low‐dose radiotherapy was administered on symptomatic areas only. Clinical response was assessed 21 days after LDRT and defined as reduction >50% of maximum diameter of the radiated lesions. Quality of life was scored by the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ‐C30 questionnaire. Tumor subtype (germinal center B‐cell type versus activated B‐cell type) and the presence of TP53 mutations in pathologic specimens of the target lesion were also evaluated. Twenty‐three of twenty‐five radiated patients were evaluable for response, and 2 died of disease before the visit at 21 days. The overall response rate was 70% (16 of 23 patients), with 7 complete responses and 9 partial responses (mean duration of response, 6 months; range, 1‐39 months). Fifteen patients answered to the QLQ‐C30 questionnaires, and an improved quality of life was documented in 9 cases. TP53 mutations were detected in 2 of 6 (33%) nonresponders and in none of the responders (P = .12). Germinal center B‐cell type responded better than activated B‐cell type (response rate was 83% and 29%, respectively, P = .01). These findings indicate that LDRT is effective for palliation in patients with DLBCL.
Structural Chemistry: The Last 50 Years as Seen by an X‐ray Crystallographer
Authors: Bürgi Hans‐Beat 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSome aspects of the evolution of structural chemistry are described from the personal perspective of a student of Jack Dunitz who started working for a Ph.D. in crystal chemistry in the mid‐1960s. The importance and the change of emphasis of X‐ray crystal structure determination through the decades is sketched and related to technological advances. Activities beyond standard structure determination by single‐crystal and powder diffraction, some of them significantly underdeveloped, are indicated. While crystal structure determination has become an important, if not indispensable, analytical tool supporting the widespread objectives of the synthetic chemists, structural chemistry has also developed a deep physical understanding of the concept of structure at the atomic length scale and enabled the organization of an enormous volume of individual observations based on the notions of chemical bonding.
Mechanistic Study of SmI2‐Mediated Reformatsky Reaction for Macrolactam Formation Using a Cyclopropyl Group as a Probe
Authors: Yang Shouliang , Xi Yumeng , Chen Jiahua , Yang Zhen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA mechanistic study using a cyclopropylmethyl radical clock as a probe to investigate the formation of a macrolactam ring via an SmI2‐mediated intramolecular Reformatsky reaction is experimentally explored. The results of our study indicate that the key SmIII‐enolate intermediate is formed by cleavage of a C−Br bond in an anion‐mediated β‐elimination, and then eventually undergoes an intramolecular aldol condensation to form the macrolactam ring.
A novel method of surface modification by electrochemical deoxidation: Effect on surface characteristics and initial bioactivity of zirconia
Authors: Liu Juan , Hong Guang , Wu Yu‐Han , Endo Kosei , Han Jian‐Min , Kumamoto Hiroyuki , Wada Takeshi , Kato Hidemi , Gao Ping , Sasaki Keiichi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate and compare the surface characteristics and initial bioactivity of ceria‐stabilized zirconia/alumina nanocomposite (NANOZR) with those of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (3Y‐TZP) and pure titanium (CpTi) following the use of three surface modification methods; polishing, sandblasting/acid‐etching (SB‐E) and electrochemical deoxidation (ECD). Physical properties including surface morphology, chemical composition, X‐ray diffraction, surface wettability, surface roughness, and hardness were measured. Osteoblast‐like MC3T3‐E1 cells were used to examine cell morphology and attachment to the surfaces of the materials. ECD treated NANOZR (NANOZR‐E) showed a well‐arranged, self‐organized microporous surface structure with significantly low contact angles when compared with the other specimens (p < 0.05). NANOZR‐E also demonstrated a slight decrease in monoclinic phase content (−4.4 wt %). The morphology and attachment of MC3T3‐E1 cells on NANOZR‐E were similar to those on polished and SBE‐treated CpTi surfaces. Higher cell affinity was observed on NANOZR‐E when compared with ECD treated 3Y‐TZP. The findings of this study indicate the effectiveness of the novel technique, ECD, in the formation of a microporous surface on NANOZR when compared with both CpTi and 3Y‐TZP. Moreover, this method also appears to improve the biological activity of NANOZR during the initial stage. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2641–2652, 2017.