bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Image Matching for Multi spectral Image Satellite SIFT and Features
Authors: Ahmed Woroud F. , Abd-Almajied Mohammed I. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Matching and registration of the satellite imagery play an essential role in many remote sensing and image processing applications. Certain steps, such as analysis of broad regions of interest and for the remotely detection. Pixel values in two or more images were play an important role in matching and detection algorithms between two or more images. In this work an image registration process (detection, extract and matching features) were utilized through using the sift algorithm to registration two image that have different resolutions (Landsat (30m) and Sentinel (10m)) utilize MATLAB program. A geometric correction was applied in this work for detect a correct points between these images. The results shows a corresponding between these two images. A preprocessing were utilized in good identifying features and accuracy of extracting information from satellite images.
Developing mathematical models to calculate annual evapotranspiration rates in Iraq using climate data.
Authors: Azeez Tabarak R. , Jowad Laith A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Evapotranspiration is considered the fuel that controls the water cycle in the natural world. It is necessary for the stability of ecosystems and is involved in many important aspects in calculating groundwater quantities, determining optimal locations for building dams and reservoirs and knowing the water needs of crops. The work is divided into two main parts. The first includes the use of The Penman-Monteith method, which is considered the most standard method in the world according to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), for calculating the annual rate of evapotranspiration in Iraq for the past fifteen years (2008-2022). The second part is a modification of a simple method for calculating evapotranspiration, which is the Thornthwaite method, to give results close to the accuracy of the Penman-Monteith method, as the modification was made using different statistical methods. The study showed the possibility of using the modified Thornthwaite method as an alternative to the Penman-Monteith method to calculate evapotranspiration in all regions of Iraq.
Advancements in CuO nanoparticle technology: synthesis, characterization of copper oxide nanoflowers
Authors: abbas Ali khudair , Al-Jawad Selma M. H. , Imran Natheer Jamal 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nanostructured materials, including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, play a crucial role in advancing diverse scientific and technological areas. Transition metal oxides such as CuO are integral to developments in fields like antibacterial treatments, solar energy conversion, sensing technologies, catalysis, magnetic storage, supercapacitors, and semiconductor devices. This research is centered on the hydrothermal synthesis of pure copper oxide nanoflowers, which are noted for their extensive surface areas. Zeta potential analysis, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were some of the methods utilized to characterize these nanoparticles. The results showed that band gap energies, crystallite size, and lattice characteristics are all greatly affected by CuO. XRD results indicated a covellite monoclinic polycrystalline structure predominantly orientation with average crystallite sizes around 15.84 nm. FE-SEM imagery depicted the hierarchical, cauliflower-like structure of the CuO nanoparticles. Optical assessments revealed band gap values ranging from 2.58 eV. The findings underscore the broad potential of CuO nanoflowers across various technological applications.
Structural, Morphological, and Optical Properties of TiO2/CdS Core-Shell System Prepared by Two Method for Photoelectrocatalytic Application
Authors: Al-Jawad Selma M.H. , Mohaisen Riyam Shakir , Imran Natheer Jamal , Mohammad Mohammad R. , Alhusseiny Abdullah , muhsen Mustafa M. , Alhusseiny Ibrahim Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The present study utilized the hydrothermal technique to carry out the deposition of films of TiO2. The deposition of CdS on the TiO2 films was accomplished using the chemical bath deposition (CBD) and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) methods. The morphological and structural characteristics of the TiO2/CdS thin films were investigated using a combination of XRD, SEM, EDX, and AFM techniques. Additionally, the optical properties of the nanostructures were examined using UV-Visible and PL spectroscopic techniques. The X-Ray Diffraction pattern of all TiO2 films revealed the formation of the anatase phase. The CdS present in the Ti/TiO2/CdS samples exhibited a hexagonal structure. The hydrothermal technique employed in the preparation of the TiO2 thin films resulted in the formation of nanofiber morphology, which was evident from the SEM images. The absorption edge data for the TiO2/CdS films demonstrated a shift towards the visible region, indicating a decrease in the bandgap as compared to the TiO2 nanostructure. Significantly improved photoelectrocatalytic performance was observed in the Ti/TiO2/CdS samples prepared using the CBD method, surpassing that of the Ti/TiO2/CdS samples prepared using the SILAR method.
Investigation on Wax Deposition Risk in Shale Oil Well During Production Test
Authors: Wei Jianfei , Cao Dagui , Tao Liang , Yang Shuhui , Tan Zhenxing , Gao Yonghai , Wang Zhiyuan , Li En , Zhang Jianbo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
During production test of the shale oil well, the low temperature environment in the wellbore is likely to cause wax precipitation of shale oil, and in turn disrupt the normal production test, increase the operating costs and risks. In view of this problem, by considering the gas-liquid flow, radial heat transfer and temperature gradient etc, a temperature and pressure field model of shale oil wellbore was established, and a prediction method of wax deposition zone in the shale oil wellbore during production test was proposed. Furthermore, by using the production data of a shale oil well with wax deposition in the South China Sea during production test, the accuracy of the model in calculating the fluid temperature and pressure of the wellbore with wax deposition was verified. The wellhead temperatures calculated by the model had a maximum error of 9.31%, and the bottom-hole pressures calculated by the model had a maximum error of 7.52%, indicating the model has high calculation accuracy. The model was used to analyze the sensitivities of wax deposition to the time and rate of production, water content and the ratio of gas to oil. It is found that the wax deposited in wellbore increases in thickness with the production time, is more strongly affected by production rate and water content, but less affected by the ratio of gas to oil. The research results can provide support for preventing wax deposition during production test of shale oil wells.
Superposition and Amplitude Modulation Effects in Separated Flow
Authors: Zhang Boyuan , Niu Zhiqi , Luo Sheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article adopts direct numerical simulation method to study concave cavity flow with high Reynolds number, and explores the influence of outer region structure on inner region turbulence of concave cavity flow, as well as the mechanism of coherent structure in the near wall region of concave cavity flow. This article finds that the superposition and amplitude modulation effects of separated flow are weaker than those in smooth wall turbulence. At different positions within the concave cavity, the superposition effect in the reattachment zone is the strongest, while the superposition effect in the separation zone is the weakest, indicating that flow separation prevents large-scale structures from outer region penetrating into the near wall region. The amplitude modulation effect of the reattachment point is the strongest, which is related to the strong adverse pressure gradient of the reattachment point.
Study on the Influence of Sludge Biochemical Characteristics and Treatment Conditions on Rheological Properties
Authors: Liu Mingming , Zhuang Haifei , Guo Tao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In response to the differences in the organic matter, oil and other components of temporary sludge stored in different storage areas of Shanghai Lao-gang, which affect the long-distance transportation of sludge, a full range sampling was conducted on the temporary sludge. Based on the results of solid content measurement, the pH value, mineral oil, total nitrogen, organic matter content, total oil and other six selected sludge samples were subjected to biochemical testing, and one sludge sample was selected for drying and concentration treatment. At the same time, sludge rheological tests were conducted on the biochemical testing sludge samples and the concentrated sludge samples, and the impact of sludge biochemical characteristics and sludge concentration on sludge rheological characteristics was compared and analyzed, which provide reference for the construction process of temporary sludge transportation.
Study on Aerodynamic Characteristics and Stability of a Vehicle with Inverted Dihedral and Momentum Lift Augmentation
Authors: Ren Shaoxiong , Wan Zhao , Wang Xinguang , Liu Shenshen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Inspired by the wave-rider idea and momentum principle, the vehicle with inverted dihedral and momentum lift augmentation is a new aerodynamic configuration of high-speed gliding vehicle in the near-space, which has achieved a high lift-to-drag ratio and long-distance sliding. Numerical simulation of aerodynamic characteristics and stability of the aircraft are carried out in this paper. The lift-to-drag characteristics, longitudinal-directional stability and lateral-directional stability are evaluated based on the National Numerical Wind tunnel’s high-speed simulation software, named NNW-HyFLOW. An unstructured/hybrid grid is used in the calculation at the typical ballistic points of altitude of 10-75km and Mach number of 3-25. The results shows that the lift-to-drag ratio reaches a peak value of 4.11 at the altitude of 30km and attack angle of 8°. This value is decreased when the altitude raises. The usable lift-to-drag ratio is over 3 in the glide phase range from 30 to 50 kilometres. This vehicle shows better longitudinal-directional stability at large angles of attack than at small in the reentry phase and glide phase, which can be optimized by adjusting the center of mass or pitching rudder. It has a weak instability in the lateral direction at small angle of attack in the glide phase. Therefore, it is suggested to avoid to work at the high altitude with a small angle of attack. Or, the lateral-directional stability can be strengthened at this altitude by improving the V-tail.
Optimization Analysis of Water Supply Mode for Fire Protection System of Super High Rise Building
Authors: Fan Yakun , Hao Ailing , Yang Bingjie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In order to improve the applicability and reliability of the fire water supply capacity of super high-rise buildings, the fluid analysis software Flomaster was used for simulation. Through the existing pumps, valves, pipelines, pressure reducing valves and newly developed fire hydrants and other components, the fire water supply system of super high-rise buildings is modeled. The pressure distribution of the system pipe network under a given fire water supply mode is studied. The research shows that the simulation can analyze whether there is excessive pressure in the fire hydrant system under different flow conditions in the actual fire extinguishing process. This paper simulates the actual fire extinguishing process of the fire hydrant system through a specific engineering case. The pressure distribution and flow distribution under different flow conditions are obtained. The excessive pressure position of the fire pipe network system under the given fire pump model is obtained. It provides a method for guiding the selection of fire pump and the design of fire hydrant system pipe network. It has certain guiding significance for the subsequent optimization of the design scheme of the fire water supply network and the prediction of the performance of the R&D equipment.
Advancements in Characterizing Fiber Distribution in Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Using X-ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Li Minghua , Wu Jinan , Liu Xiao-Cun , Qi Mei-li 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The distribution of fibers within fiber-reinforced concrete significantly impacts its mechanical properties. X-ray computed tomography (CT) provides a distinctive and technically proficient method for examining fiber dispersion. This paper presents an exhaustive review of the methodologies used to characterize fiber distribution in concrete. It delves into the fundamental principles of X-ray CT and its application in studying fiber distribution, highlighting the current state of research. Additionally, the study explores the influence of fiber distribution and orientation on the failure mechanisms of concrete, offering insights that could guide future investigations in this domain. The paper concludes with a discussion on the potential of X-ray CT in evaluating fiber distribution and its implications for the mechanical properties of concrete, thereby setting the stage for further advancements in the field.
Research on Leaching Cesium from Medium and Low Pollucite Concentrates by the Sulfuric Acid Process
Authors: Chen Yong , Wen Jiankang , Chen Song 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With the sharp decrease in high-grade pollucite resources, medium and low grade pollucite concentrate will become the main raw material for extracting cesium in the future. The main process conditions for leaching cesium from medium- and low grade pollucite concentrate by the sulfuric acid process were studied, and the effects of the ratio of leaching liquid to solid, leaching time, leaching temperature and of leaching liquid on the leaching rate of cesium were investigated. The results show that CsAl(SO4)2·3H2O is formed from 2Cs2O·2Al2O3·9SiO2·H2O after the medium and low grade pollucite concentrates are leached by sulfuric acid. The optimum conditions for the leaching process were as follows: the concentration of sulfuric acid was approximately 3.5 mol/L, L/S≈2, the leaching temperature was 120 °C, the heat preservation time was 2.0 h, and the leaching rate of cesium exceeded 93%. The leaching residue was washed and discarded, and the leaching solution was recycled three times and then concentrated to precipitate alum. The [Cs] in the mother liquor resulting from CsAl(SO4)2·3H2O crystallization ranged from 1 g/L to 1.28 g/L, and the [Al] ranged from 0.29 g/L to 0.33 g/L, which could be recycled for leaching.
Study on Oil Resistance of Polyurethane Protective Material
Authors: Sun Wei , Fan Jinjuan , Gong Qing , Zheng Linfeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The polyurethane protective tape is a new type of protective material made by coating high performance pressure-sensitive adhesive on polyurethane elastomers, which is widely used in aviation. During its operational life, the polyurethane protective tape inevitably comes into contact with oil, and its oil resistance directly impacts its lifespan. This study focuses on the polyurethane protective tape and conducts immersion tests in No. 15 aviation hydraulic fluid, aircraft gear oil 4450 and RP3 aviation kerosene at room temperature. A comparative analysis was also conducted on the tensile strength, tear resistance, fracture morphology, chemical structure, and thermophysical properties before and after immersion. The research indicates that the tensile properties of polyurethane protective tapes remain essentially unchanged after immersion in RP3 aviation kerosene. After being immersed in No.15 aviation hydraulic fluid and aircraft gear oil 4450, the tensile strength of the polyurethane protective tape gradually decreases. Furthermore, compared to No.15 aviation hydraulic fluid, the rate of tensile strength reduction in polyurethane protective tape immersed in aircraft gear oil 4450 is more rapid. The resistance to tearing of polyurethane protective tapes diminishes gradually with prolonged immersion, with the rate of decline being greater for aircraft gear oil 4450 than for No.15 aviation hydraulic fluid, and even greater for RP3 aviation kerosene. The decrease in mechanical properties of polyurethane protective tapes after immersion in oil is attributed to the swelling effect of the oil, which reduces the intermolecular forces within the polyurethane material and leads to a decrease in physical cross-linking. This process is physical aging, with no evident chemical aging occurring.
Synthesis and Adsorption of Lead Ions by Chitosan–LDHs
Authors: Le Sha , Ye Yajuan , Wu Zhongxin , Yang Yunhua , Li Yangmei , Cai Lihua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With MgCl2 and AlCl3 as raw materials, nano Mg/Al LDHs were synthesized in situ during the process of chitosan gel formation, and then CS/LDHs composite multilayer hydrogels were prepared and characterized. After calcination at high temperature, they were used to adsorb Pb2+. The concentration of Pb2+ was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy to investigate the adsorption performance of the composite material. The effects of pH value, initial concentration, and adsorption time on the adsorption efficiency were studied through single factor and orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the optimal process conditions for the adsorption of Pb2+ were pH=5, initial concentration of 2.5g/L, adsorption time of 30 minutes, removal rate of 70.65% at adsorption equilibrium, and adsorption capacity of 1150.32mg/g.
Validation of a Central-Difference Finite Volume Method for Analysing Wall Turbulent Heat Transfer Using Transport Equations for Turbulent Heat Fluxes
Authors: Suzuki Hiroki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study is to validate the finite volume method approach using the transport equations for turbulent heat fluxes in turbulent heat transfer at the wall surface. The finite volume method technique is a numerical analysis based on conservation laws of physical quantities in the flow field, with particular emphasis on the conservation of velocity fluctuation intensity in the flow field. The behaviour of turbulent heat flows is analysed in detail using this method and its validity is tested. In the study, heat transfer in channel turbulence is analysed under a constant heat flux heating condition. The individual terms of the temperature variance equation are analysed and the results are shown to be in agreement with a previous study. The residual is small, confirming the high accuracy of the results. The present study analyses the transport equation for the dissipation of the temperature variance. The transport equations for turbulent heat fluxes in the flow direction and in the vertical wall direction are analysed and show good agreement with those of the previous study. The results show that in the vertical wall direction, non-zero terms such as the pressure diffusion term appear to contribute and reduce the accuracy of the transport equations.
Analysis and Repair of Cracks in Welding Tee of Main Steam Pipelines in Thermal Power Units
Authors: Hou Jiaxu , Wang Qiang , Wang Zhiyong , Jiang Bao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
During the maintenance process of a certain thermal power unit, multiple intermittent cracks were found in the Y-type welding tee weld of the main steam pipeline. This paper expounds the detection situation and treatment process of the welding tee weld, and analyzes the material, operating condition, structural characteristics and stress state of the test parts. The results show that the cracks are reheat crack, which is greatly related to the material. In addition, the structure of the welding tee is not reasonable, which increases the stress of the weld and accelerates the generation and expansion of the cracks. In this paper, the optimization suggestions are put forward for the welding repair and heat treatment process of the main steam pipeline, and the defects are successfully treated, which provides a reference for the detection and repair of the weld defects of similar and thick-wall pipe fittings.
Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Neural Network Based Cascade Predictive Control of Superheated Steam Temperature
Authors: Wang Maoxuan , Wu Hanming , Shao Yuankai , Meng Lingwei , Li Zhenguo , Wang Tianyou 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The superheated steam temperature (SST) suffers from complex dynamic characteristics such as nonlinearity and large time delay. To deal with the negative effects, this paper proposes a cascade predictive control strategy (CPC-PI) based on interval type-2 fuzzy neural network (IT2FNN) to improve the performance of SST. First, this paper proposes the IT2FNN model for modeling the SST model. And then on the basis the local linearized IT2FNN model, the CPC-PI strategy is designed. In the following, fuzzy self-regulation of the weight factor in the CPCPI is carried out to further improve the dynamic response speed and stability of SST. Finally, the comparative simulations verify that the IT2FNN-based CPC-PI control strategy with self-regulated weight factor is superior to the PI-PI control strategy and the IT2FNN-based CPC-PI control strategy with fixed weight factor.
Urban green streets and water management safety hubs in public schools lots
Authors: Bosco Roberto , Giacobbe Savino , Anna Mozingo Louise , Valente Renata 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI) represents an effective approach to enhance urban resilience to climate change, contributing to runoff regulation and localized flood risk reduction. This study examines the potential for transforming open spaces in public schools into safety hubs for stormwater management in Mediterranean urban contexts, drawing on best practices from North America. Through a methodological analysis combining Research Through Design and an international literary scoping review, case studies of schools in the Metropolitan City of Naples are presented and compared with U.S. projects implementing GSI in school areas. The results highlight the importance of strategic coordination guidelines for local administrators, designers, and school principals, aimed at planning, designing, and managing highly performant green infrastructure networks. An integrated and shared metropolitan-level approach can maximize environmental benefits, transforming schools into community centers for urban resilience education and participatory management of risks related to extreme weather events.
Open spaces and emergent dwellings. Innovative solutions to sustainable renovation of student housing.
Authors: Bianco Anita 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The paper aims to report the research results that deal with the theme of educational open spaces such as schoolyards or student housing, framing it in an environmental dimension capable of enhancing the existing identity and landscape quality elements, at the same time responding to climatic vulnerabilities, but also to new needs of users, with adequate performance responses. The proposed research is part of a scientific collaboration agreement developed aim of supporting it in the field of environmental issues and innovative technologies for student housing with Agenzia del Demanio at the end to write guidelines for spatial functional, technological and environmental aspects of its sustainable design of heritage to be converted into student housing. University student living is an evolving form of housing, subject to significant investment and design experimentation. In addition to the issue of housing, the open space related to student housing even in the face of emergent dwelling becomes a continuation of housing and therefore cannot be underestimated. The proposed methodology from best practice highlights a new demand framework useful for the development of the guidelines of which an excerpt concerning open space is proposed here.