bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of patient‐reported acute urinary and sexual toxicity scores in a 6‐ versus 2‐fraction course of high‐dose‐rate prostate brachytherapy monotherapy
Authors: Ragab Omar , Banerjee Robyn , Park Sang‐June , Patel Shyamal , Zhang Mingle , Wang Jason , Velez Maria , Demanes David Jeffrey , Kamrava Mitchell 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionTo identify differences in acute urinary and sexual toxicity between a 6‐fraction and 2‐fraction high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy monotherapy regimen and correlate dosimetric constraints to short‐term toxicity.MethodsA single institution retrospective study of 116 men with prostate cancer treated with HDR monotherapy from 2010 to 2015 was conducted. Eighty‐one men had 7.25 Gy × 6‐fractions and 35 men had 13.5 Gy × 2‐fractions. Patients had two CT‐planned implants spaced 1–2 weeks apart. Patient baseline characteristics, International Prostate Symptom Scores (IPSS) and Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) scores were collected pre‐treatment and 3, 6 and 12 months post‐implantation. Mixed effect modelling was undertaken to compare baseline, 1–6 month and 7–12 month scores between groups. Poisson regression analysis was performed to correlate dosimetric constraints with acute toxicity.ResultsThere was no difference between baseline and post‐implantation IPSS scores between 6‐fraction and 2‐fraction groups. SHIM scores for men treated with 6‐fractions had a steeper decline at 1–6 months, but resolved at 7–12 months. Pre‐treatment alpha‐blocker use correlated with worse short‐term acute urinary toxicity. Worsened SHIM score correlated with increasing age, diabetes mellitus and androgen‐deprivation therapy. In a dosimetric analysis of outcomes, prostate V150 dose and bladder wall (D01.cc, D1cc, D2cc) dose correlated with increased IPSS score.ConclusionNo increased acute genitourinary or sexual dysfunction has been observed in men when transitioning from 6‐fraction to 2‐fraction HDR monotherapy. A dosimetric correlation was found between the V150 and bladder wall doses for acute urinary toxicity. Future research should continue to standardize and validate dose constraints for prostate HDR monotherapy patients.
Wedge‐Shaped Pop‐Up Structure in the Eslami Peninsula, Lake Urmia, Northwestern Iran
Authors: ALIZADEH Akram , JANGJOO Fayezeh 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAncient subduction zones are characterized by metamorphic and orogenic belts. The Zagros Orogenic Belt comprises almost all sections of an ancient subduction zone along which Neo‐Tethyan oceanic crust was subducted beneath central Iran. The Eslami Peninsula, as a part of the Zagros Orogenic Belt in Azerbaijan province, northwestern Iran, is situated between the Lake Urmia fore‐arc basin and the Sahand Magmatic Arc. This region contains Eocene leucite dikes, trachyte, tephrite, phenolite, basanite and syenite. Volcanic features related to the Sahand are located in the eastern part of the Eslami Peninsula. In view of its relative age and composition, the Eslami Peninsula proposed as an outer arc of the Sahand Magmatic Arc that formed within the post‐collisional setting of the central Iranian and Arabian plates. After subduction and contact of the two plates, a symmetric pop‐up structure has been created by thrusting in the Zagros belt as a result of the collision processes. The injesction of dikes in the Eslami Peninsula is also a result of the continent_continent collision.
The Crystal Structure of Lisiguangite
Authors: YU Zuxiang , WANG Hanggen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe crystal structure of lisiguangite, CuPtBiS3, from Yanshan mountains, Chengde Prefecture, Hebei Province, China has been determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. It belongs to orthorhombic space group P212121with a = 7.7372(15) Å, b = 12.844(3) Å, c = 4.9062(10) Å, V = 487.57(17) Å3, Z = 4. The final full‐matric least‐square refinement on F2converged with R1 = 0.0495 and wR2 = 0.0992 for 704 observed reflections [I≥2σ(I)]. Lisiguangite is the isomorph of known CuNiSbS3and CuNiBiS3. Pt2+and Bi3+have the distorted octahedral coordination enviroments composed of two metal and four S and Cu+2has a distorted tetrahedral coordination environment with four S atoms. Each S atom is surrounded by four metals to give a tetrahedral environment. The crystal structure is a complex 3 dimensional network.
Genesis of Dolomite from Ma55–Ma510 Sub‐members of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Jingxi Area in the Ordos Basin
Authors: LIU Jingdong , JIANG Youlu , LIU Xinshe , YANG Zhiwei , HOU Xiangdong , ZHU Rongwei , WEN Caixia , WANG Feiyan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe clarified three stages of dolomitization and secondary changes by studying the petrology and geochemistry characteristics of dolomite from the Ma55–Ma510 sub‐members of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Jingxi area in the Ordos Basin: (1) Syngenetic microbial dolomitization is characterized by formation of dolomite with a mainly micrite structure and horse tooth‐shape dolomite cements. (2) Seepage reflux dolomitization during the penecontemporaneous period superposed adjustment functions such as recrystallization and stabilization in the middle‐deep burial stage, forming dolomites mainly consisting of micro crystal and powder crystal structure. (3) Powder dolomite, fine dolomite, and medium‐coarse crystalline dolomite formed in pores and fractures in the middle‐deep burial stage. The secondary concussive transgression‐regression under a regressive background is an important condition for the occurrence of many stages of dolomitization in the study area. The basin was an occlusive epicontinental sea environment in the Ma5 member of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation sedimentary period. In the sediments, sulfate content was high, which is conducive to the preservation of microbial activity and microbial dolomitization. Micritic dolomite formed by microbial dolomitization provides good migration pathways for seepage reflux dolomitization. Affected by evaporation seawater with increased Mg/Ca ratio, seepage reflux dolomitization was widely developed and formed large‐scale dolomite, and underwater uplifts and slopes are favorable areas for dolomite. In the middle‐deep burial stage, dolomitizing fluid in the stratum recrystallized or stabilized the previous dolomite and formed a small amount of euhedral dolomite in the pores and fractures.
Diagnostic utility of HLA‐B*5801 screening in severe allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome: an updated systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Yu Kuang‐Hui , Yu Cheng‐Yen , Fang Yao‐Fan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundDespite many studies suggesting an association between human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐B*5801 and allopurinol‐induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens‐Johnsons syndrome (SJS), the evidence of association in different populations and the degree of association remain uncertain.MethodsThe primary analysis was based on population‐control studies. Data were pooled by means of a random‐effects model, and sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios (LR+), negative likelihood ratios (LR−), diagnostic odds ratios (DOR), and areas under summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves (AUC) were calculated.ResultsIn nine population‐control studies, HLA‐B*5801 was measured in 162 patients with allopurinol‐induced TEN/SJS and 7372 patients without allopurinol‐induced TEN/SJS. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, LR+, LR−, DOR and AUC were 0.78 (95% CI = 0.71–0.85), 0.96 (95% CI = 0.96–0.97), 14.23 (95% CI = 7.89–25.63), 0.29 (95% CI = 0.16–0.54), 83.5 (95% CI = 50.7–137.4), and 0.97 (95% CI = 0.95–0.99), respectively. Subgroup analyses of the DORs for Chinese, Japanese, and Caucasian populations yielded similar findings for Chinese (196.1; 95% CI = 57.3–672.0), Japanese (78.8; 95% CI = 30.4–203.9), and Caucasian (58.4; 95% CI = 16.9–201.5) populations. Overall, HLA‐B*5801 was associated with allopurinol‐induced TEN/SJS in European and Japanese populations, but only had a 50–60% sensitivity (pooled sensitivity 56%), compared to the 80–100% sensitivity (pooled sensitivity 97%) observed in Korean, Thai, Sardinia Italian and Han Chinese populations.ConclusionsThe present study reveals that allopurinol is the leading cause of TEN/SJS in many countries. In contrast to carbamazepine, which is ethnic/population specific, the HLA‐B*5801 for detecting allopurinol‐induced TEN/SJS is universal. Screening of HLA‐B*5801 may help patients to prevent the occurrence of allopurinol‐induced TEN/SJS, especially in populations with a higher (≥ 5%) risk allele frequency.
Resourcing International Organizations: Resource Diversification, Organizational Differentiation, and Administrative Governance
Authors: Goetz Klaus H. , Patz Ronny 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article introduces, summarizes and contextualizes the key questions and findings of a special issue of Global Policy on the resourcing of international organizations (IOs). The article sets out trends in the financial resources available to IOs; discusses their organizational consequences; and highlights analytical implications for the study of IOs. We discuss resource diversification associated with growing complexity of the origins and types of funding available to IOs; the importance of non‐state actors in IO funding; and contestation over the classification of resources. Resource diversification encourages organizational differentiation, manifested in major shifts in resource‐related actor constellations and their impact on the autonomy of IOs; adjustments to budgeting procedures; and functional differentiation within IOs and the emergence of new types of IOs that are partly driven by resourcing. These observations invite an analytical perspective in the study of IOs that pays systematic attention to the administrative governance dimension of IOs; the entrepreneurial character of many IOs; and organizational fields as a focus of analysis. Read together, the 11 contributions to the special issue underline that paying attention to their resourcing can advance our understanding of IOs.
Audit Partner Tenure and Internal Control Reporting Quality: U.S. Evidence from the Not‐For‐Profit Sector
Authors: Fitzgerald Brian C. , Omer Thomas C. , Thompson Anne M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study examines the effects of audit partner tenure and audit partner changes on internal control reporting quality for large U.S. not‐for‐profit (NFP) organizations. Regulators contend that audit partners lose their objectivity over successive audits, reducing audit quality. A large body of research has examined this issue, primarily in non‐U.S. jurisdictions, with mixed results. We examine the associations between audit partner tenure and audit partner changes and the incidence of reported internal control deficiencies (ICDs), the quality of internal control reports (following PCAOB audit quality indicators), and the severity of reported ICDs. We find negative associations between audit partner tenure and the incidence of reported ICDs, the quality of internal control reports, and the severity of reported ICDs. Together, these findings indicate that internal control reporting quality deteriorates with audit partner tenure. However, we find no association between audit partner changes and internal control reporting, which is consistent with partners lacking client specific knowledge in their first year with a client. Finally, we find no association between either audit partner tenure or changes and the likelihood of remediation. Our findings contribute large‐sample U.S. evidence on the association between audit partner tenure and internal control reporting quality and provide useful information to government regulators, NFP boards charged with the oversight of the external auditor and internal controls, and NFP stakeholders.
Executive Bonus Target Ratcheting: Evidence from the New Executive Compensation Disclosure Rules
Authors: Kim Sunyoung , Shin Jae Yong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study investigates whether firms revise executive bonus compensation targets based on past performance. Studies in this area suffer from a lack of detailed information related to executive performance targets. Using mandatory disclosures of executive compensation information under the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's new disclosure rules, this study provides the first large‐sample evidence of bonus target ratcheting. There are three major findings: (i) executive bonus targets ratchet and they ratchet asymmetrically; (ii) the degree of target ratcheting and ratcheting asymmetry vary with executive equity incentives and investment opportunities; and (iii) performance relative to bonus target is serially correlated.
Hyperphosphatemia induces senescence in human endothelial cells by increasing endothelin‐1 production
Authors: Olmos Gemma , Martínez‐Miguel Patricia , Alcalde‐Estevez Elena , Medrano Diana , Sosa Patricia , Rodríguez‐Mañas Leocadio , Naves‐Diaz Manuel , Rodríguez‐Puyol Diego , Ruiz‐Torres María Piedad , López‐Ongil Susana 
Published: August 2017

SummaryHyperphosphatemia is related to some pathologies, affecting vascular cell behavior. This work analyzes whether high concentration of extracellular phosphate induces endothelial senescence through up‐regulation of endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), exploring the mechanisms involved. The phosphate donor β‐glycerophosphate (BGP) in human endothelial cells increased ET‐1 production, endothelin‐converting enzyme‐1 (ECE‐1) protein, and mRNA expression, which depend on the AP‐1 activation through ROS production. In parallel, BGP also induced endothelial senescence by increasing p16 expression and the senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase (SA‐ß‐GAL) activity. ET‐1 itself was able to induce endothelial senescence, increasing p16 expression and SA‐ß‐GAL activity. In addition, senescence induced by BGP was blocked when different ET‐1 system antagonists were used. BGP increased ROS production at short times, and the presence of antioxidants prevented the effect of BGP on AP1 activation, ECE‐1 expression, and endothelial senescence. These findings were confirmed in vivo with two animal models in which phosphate serum levels were increased: seven/eight nephrectomized rats as chronic kidney disease models fed on a high phosphate diet and aged mice. Both models showed hyperphosphatemia, higher levels of ET‐1, and up‐regulation in aortic ECE‐1, suggesting a direct relationship between hyperphosphatemia and ET‐1. Present results point to a new and relevant role of hyperphosphatemia on the regulation of ET‐1 system and senescence induction at endothelial level, both in endothelial cells and aorta from two animal models. The mechanism involved showed a higher ROS production, which probably activates AP‐1 transcription factor and, as a result, ECE‐1 expression, increasing ET‐1 synthesis, which in consequence induces endothelial senescence.
Crystalline phases involved in the hydration of calcium silicate‐based cements: Semi‐quantitative Rietveld X‐ray diffraction analysis
Authors: Grazziotin‐Soares Renata , Nekoofar Mohammad H. , Davies Thomas , Hübler Roberto , Meraji Naghmeh , Dummer Paul M.H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChemical comparisons of powder and hydrated forms of calcium silicate cements (CSCs) and calculation of alterations in tricalcium silicate (Ca3SiO5) calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) are essential for understanding their hydration processes. This study aimed to evaluate and compare these changes in ProRoot MTA, Biodentine and CEM cement. Powder and hydrated forms of tooth coloured ProRoot MTA, Biodentine and CEM cement were subjected to X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis with Rietveld refinement to semi‐quantitatively identify and quantify the main phases involved in their hydration process. Data were reported descriptively. Reduction in Ca3SiO5 and formation of Ca(OH)2 were seen after the hydration of ProRoot MTA and Biodentine; however, in the case of CEM cement, no reduction of Ca3SiO5 and no formation of Ca(OH)2 were detected. The highest percentages of amorphous phases were seen in Biodentine samples. Ettringite was detected in the hydrated forms of ProRoot MTA and CEM cement but not in Biodentine.
Evaluation of a Role for NPY and NPY2R in the Pathogenesis of Obesity by Mutation and Copy Number Variation Analysis in Obese Children and Adolescents
Authors: Aerts Evi , Geets Ellen , Sorber Laure , Beckers Sigri , Verrijken An , Massa Guy , Van Hoorenbeeck Kim , Verhulst Stijn L , Van Gaal Luc F , Van Hul Wim 
Published: August 2017

SummaryNeuropeptide Y (NPY) and its G protein–coupled NPY Y2 Receptor (NPY2R) are highly expressed in orexigenic NPY/Agouti‐related peptide neurons within the arcuate nucleus, a major integrator of appetite control in the hypothalamus. As NPY and NPY2R are interesting candidate genes for obesity, we hypothesized that a genetic variation in these genes might be implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity.In the first part of this study, we performed a mutation analysis of the coding region of NPY and NPY2R with high‐resolution melting curve analysis. For the highly conserved NPY gene, an extended population of 436 obese children and adolescents was screened, while for NPY2R, a smaller subset of 306 patients was used. A control population of 300 healthy individuals was screened for NPY2R to determine the general prevalence of the variants found among patients. Direct sequencing was performed for samples with melting patterns deviating from wild‐type.In the second part of this study, Multiplex Amplicon Quantification (MAQ) analysis was performed in 308 obese children and adolescents to detect copy number variation (CNV) in the NPY2R region.Mutation analysis of the NPY gene led to the identification of one common missense variant (L7P; MAF 0.04), while the screening of the NPY2R gene resulted in the identification of one rare missense variant F87I in the patient population.In our CNV analysis, we could not identify copy number variation in the NPY2R region among obese children and adolescents.In summary, this study clearly indicates that genetic variation in NPY and NPY2R is at low frequency and thus does not make a major contribution to the obese phenotype in the general population.
Strain‐specific probiotic (microbial cell preparation) and omega‐3 fatty acid in modulating quality of life and inflammatory markers in colorectal cancer patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Golkhalkhali Babak , Rajandram Retnagowri , Paliany Audra Shaleena , Ho Gwo Fuang , Wan Ishak Wan Zamaniah , Johari Che Shafini , Chin Kin Fah 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimColorectal cancer patients on chemotherapy usually have elevated levels of inflammatory markers and experience numerous side effects from chemotherapy thereby leading to poor quality of life. Omega‐3 fatty acid and microbial cell preparation (MCP) have been known to provide significant benefits in patients on chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of supplementation of omega‐3 fatty acid and MCP in quality of life, chemotherapy side effects and inflammatory markers in colorectal cancer patients on chemotherapy.MethodsA double‐blind randomized study was carried out with 140 colorectal cancer patients on chemotherapy. Subjects were separated into two groups to receive either placebo or MCP [30 billion colony‐forming unit (CFUs) per sachet] at a dose of two sachets daily for 4 weeks, and omega‐3 fatty acid at a dose of 2 g daily for 8 weeks. Outcomes measured were quality of life, side effects of chemotherapy and levels of inflammatory markers such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) and C‐reactive protein.ResultsThe supplementation with MCP and omega‐3 fatty acid improved the overall quality of life and alleviated certain side effects of chemotherapy. The supplementation with MCP and omega‐3 fatty acid also managed to reduce the level of IL‐6 (P = 0.002). There was a significant rise in the placebo group's serum TNF‐α (P = 0.048) and IL‐6 (P = 0.004).ConclusionThe combined supplementation with MCP and omega‐3 fatty acid may improve quality of life, reduce certain inflammatory biomarkers and relieve certain side effects of chemotherapy in colorectal patients on chemotherapy.
Accuracy of postpartum haemorrhage data in the 2011 Victorian Perinatal Data Collection: Results of a validation study
Authors: Flood Margaret , Pollock Wendy , McDonald Susan J. , Davey Mary‐Ann 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) rate in Victoria in 2009 for women having their first birth, based on information reported to the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection (VPDC), was 23.6% (primiparas). Prior to 2009 PPH was collected via a tick box item on the perinatal form. Estimated blood loss (EBL) volume is now collected and it is from this item the PPH rate is calculated. Periodic assessment of data accuracy is essential to inform clinicians and others who rely on these data of their quality and limitations.AimsThis paper describes the results of a state‐wide validation study of the accuracy of EBL volume and EBL‐related data items reported to VPDC.Materials and methodsPPH data from a random sample of 1% of births in Victoria in 2011 were extracted from source medical records and compared with information submitted to the VPDC. Accuracy was determined, together with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for dichotomous items.ResultsAccuracy of reporting for EBL ≥ 500 mL was 97.2% and for EBL ≥ 1500 mL was 99.7%. Sensitivity for EBL ≥ 500 mL was 89.0% (CI 83.1‐93.0) and for EBL ≥ 1500 mL was 71.4% (CI 35.9–91.8). Blood product transfusion, peripartum hysterectomy and procedures to control bleeding were all accurately reported in >99% of cases.ConclusionsMost PPH‐related data items in the 2011 VPDC may be considered reliable. Our results suggest EBL ≥ 1500 mL is likely to be under‐reported. Changes to policies and practices of recording blood loss could further increase accuracy of reporting.
Pathogenicity of memory Th2 cells is linked to stage of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Iinuma T. , Okamoto Y. , Morimoto Y. , Arai T. , Sakurai T. , Yonekura S. , Sakurai D. , Hirahara K. , Nakayama T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR) consists of three developmental stages that are based on the presence/absence of antigen‐specific IgE and symptoms. The pathogenic Th2 (Tpath2) cells constitute a population of Th2 cells with additional potentially pathogenic characteristics. We examined the relationship between Tpath2 cells and the stages of allergic rhinitis by focusing on ST2, which is an IL‐33 receptor.MethodsPatients with Japanese cedar pollen‐induced AR (JCP‐AR) and healthy volunteers were divided into “nonsensitized,” “asymptomatic sensitized (AS),” and “JCP‐AR” groups. We analyzed the ST2 expression and the Th2 function of cultured CD4+ T cells. Next, we observed the progress of patients in the AS stage around the time of seasonal pollen dispersal, with the characteristics of Th2 cells.ResultsThe ST2 expression of T cells was only upregulated in the AR group. The production of IL‐4 and IL‐13 was found in CD4+ T cells obtained from AS by stimulation with JCP, but reactivity to IL‐33 was not observed. Although IL‐33 did not induce the elevation of IL‐4 production in the JCP‐AR group, IL‐33 substantially increased the production of IL‐5 and IL‐13 in comparison with antigen stimulation alone. In newly afflicted patients, the increased expression of ST2 and elevated reactivity to IL‐33 was observed, even before the pollen dispersal season.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that the pathogenicity of memory Th2 cells is linked to sensitization and the stage of allergic rhinitis. Therefore, Tpath2 cells may provide useful insights into the mechanism of the onset and progression of allergic rhinitis.