bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Benefits of Cutting Pipe under Compression in Deepwater Rig Operations
Authors: Ahmad Abdo , Garg Ashootosh , Sankar Maniram , Omonze Dickson , Agrawal Vivek , Mudgal Abhay , Patowary Markandeya , Nayak Jyoti Prakash , Pinto Thomas 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper will describea tubing cut operation carried out on a deepwater rig without having to first perform the usual, time consuming rig operations to work tension down to the target cut depth. Avoiding this standard procedure was achieved through application of a unique "Mechanical Cutter based Cutting Pad platform" (MCCP). Utilization of this technology enabled the operator to avoid having to unseat the tubing hangar and expose non-shearble across BOP and loss functionality of Surface Controlled Sub-surface Safety Valve. The other add-on benefits from this system is reducing number of wireline in the deepwater environment.
Prior to introduction of MCCP, all others technologies recommendedthat the pipebe placed in tension achieve a successful cut. MCCP technology allows the flexibility of effective and efficient tubing cut with string in both tension and compression which is highly desirable in deepwater intervention. The is achieved as the tool incorporated grinding of tubing surface which enables a smooth cut.
The first deepwater tubing cut application was in offshore India in February 2014 in a 5 well deepwater side track operation. In the 5 wells, MCCP cut three 5.5", 20 lb/f 13 Cr 80 and one 7" 29 lb/f 13Cr80.
The MCCP eliminated several hazards associated with cutting the tubing in tension in this Deepwater environment and ensured that the operation was carried out in a safe and efficient manner. This paper will detail the efficiency and value added of cutting tubulars in compression or neutral load.
Investigation into the Economic Impact and Recovery Effect of Various Completion Timing Strategies in Unconventional Wells
Authors: Karan Dhuldhoya , Stephen Holtz 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Traditional development of unconventional resources has consisted of completing and stimulating the entire lateral length of a horizontal well shortly after drilling to total depth (TD). In the top five liquids-rich North American producing basins, a majority of unconventional well completions occur from three to seven months after spud. Some wells are recompleted after a period of production to increase recovery. Because of the sharp decline in commodity prices in late 2014, some operators are employing a development strategy of drilling wells but delaying completion, which has created a backlog of drilled, but uncompleted, wells (DUCs). Operators can adopt this strategy if they are required to hold drilling leases, preserve cash, have contractual commitments, or when there is some added benefit to delaying the completion or partially stimulating sections of the lateral at different times. This paper investigates the economic and recovery aspects of delaying investment in unconventional well completion and stimulation.
A methodology is presented, consisting of numerical reservoir simulation and economic evaluation through real options analysis (ROA). First, the study focuses on the recovery aspects of completing and producing from one lateral interval, while leaving another interval uncompleted for a period of time using numerical reservoir simulation with advanced gridding and reservoir modeling capabilities. Next, the study explores the economic value produced by delaying investment evaluated with ROA. To quantify the value of the delaying option, a sensitivity analysis is then performed to demonstrate the effect of the volatility of commodity prices and development costs. Finally, to connect the real options theory with the practical aspects of unconventional resource development, the underlying assumptions about operational capabilities are evaluated.
Results indicate that there is potential for optimizing asset value in unconventional resource development by adopting alternative completion strategies and investment timing. Net-present value (NPV) after 10 years could be increased by stimulating one section of the lateral and subsequently recompleting the well by stimulating the previously uncompleted interval. Timing the recompletion with an increase in commodity prices and considering the magnitude of the increase showed strong correlation with NPV improvement. Production log and fiber-optic analysis indicate that a greater amount of hydrocarbon production (i.e., depletion) occurs in the heel section of a multi-stage, fractured horizontal well (MFHW). The time-phased completion strategy could remediate this problem by isolating production in the lateral at different times, helping to ensure that only the completed lateral interval is producing at a given time.
Development of Non-Damaging Solid Free Polymer Pill for Controlling Fluid Loss in Mumbai Offshore
Authors: Mahato P K , Raj Prithvi , Bahuguna V K 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Severe fluid loss problems was experienced in Mumbai High and Bassein lime stone in Neelam, mainly due to pressure depletion consequent to sustained production from the layers. Loss problem in producing zones are presently being controlled with imported pills which contain some solid materials and poses multiple problems during work over operations like retrieval of packer etc. WSS Ahmedabad has made an in-house efforts to develop a solid free pill which can develop high viscosity in the producing zone and form a plug like structure to prevent losses and having thermal stability for minimum 120 hrs or till work-over job completed at 120°C and no residue after the job
Fresh cross linked gel was prepared by using various additives as per the field conditions and stability of the cross linked gel was optimized. Using HPHT filter press, the wall building coefficient ‘Cw’ and spurt loss ‘Vsp’ were calculated for cross linked polymer under different conditions. Disintegration of cross linked gel with different concentration of HCl, acetic acid & suitable gel breakers were optimized. Series of experiments were carried out for delay time v/s thermal stability for proper placement of pill at target zone.
The clean pill has been designed with available indigenous chemicals and biodegradable polymer. The pill develops high viscosity in the thief zone and forms a plug like structure. The crosslinking of the plug can be controlled by optimizing the dosage of delaying agents to allow for its easy placement. The designed cross linked pill may be self-degraded after 6-7 days at reservoir temperature. Pill can also be easily disintegrated in mild HCl. (if required) and can be flowed back after the completion of work over job, without damaging the producing zone
The X-linked polymer plug is dependable well control method for safely isolating the producing zone during well service operations. The X-linked polymer plug so developed is envisaged for its field trial. The paper describes the results of intensive lab studies and execution methodology for the development of a solid free, thermostable, biodegradable X-linked polymer plug which can be used as temporary isolation in Mumbai offshore. The newly developed polymer plug may prove to be an indigenous & cost effective thermosetting polymer plugs. the successful field trial will be extremely beneficial for isolating the thief zones in lime stone reservoirs where this phenomenon is very common and different type of products by different companies have tried with mixed results
Economic Design of Surfactant-Polymer Flooding Under Low Oil Price
Authors: Zhou Kang , Hou Jian , Ren Xiaoyun , Yu Bo 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Surfactant-Polymer (SP) flooding has been successfully used in some heavy oilfields in China. However, it still remains a challenge to extend the application of this method to more complex reservoirs especially considering the current low oil price, the high chemical cost and the complex reservoir conditions. So the paper studies the effect of liquid flow rate, SP injection mode, reservoir properties, well patterns and well spacing on the development performance of SP flooding, which can provide valuable guidance for economic design of SP flooding for various reservoir conditions under low oil price.
In order to evaluate the technical and economic suitability of the SP flooding, the ratio of enhanced oil production to equivalent chemical injection (EOPPC) is defined. In this paper, a basic reservoir model is established and history matched based on the pilot test in Shengli Oilfield. Then, a series of typical reservoir conditions are simulated by changing geological properties such as permeability heterogeneity and oil viscosity. Based on these reservoir models, the effect of liquid flow rate, SP injection mode, reservoir properties, well patterns and well spacing on SP flooding is studied. Besides, the relationships between optimum SP design and reservoir properties are discussed. Finally, a mathematical model characterizing the relationship between SP flooding performance, operational parameters and reservoir properties is established.
Results show that a lower SP flooding rate of 0.1PV/a and a higher post-SP water flooding rate of 0.2PV/a obtains the highest EOPPC of 44.73m3/t. As the permeability heterogeneity and oil viscosity increase, a lower concentration and larger slug size are preferred for better SP flooding performance when the total amount of chemicals is kept unchanged. Streamline analysis indicates injection and production well pairs should be located perpendicular with high permeable channels in order to increase sweep efficiency. In this paper, the line drive and five-spot well patterns obtain a higher sweep efficiency of over 82%. Considering the cost of well drilling and surface facilities, the economic well spacing is 140m between each pair of injector and producer. The developed quantitative prediction model has a fitting precision of over 98% and it is capable of assisting economic design of SP flooding for various reservoir conditions under low oil price.
The paper carries out studies on economic design of SP flooding according to particular reservoir properties. It also provides effective guidance for future pilot tests and commercial applications in more complex heavy oilfields under low oil price.
Static Modeling of Deepwater Syn-Rift Reservoir Using Trend Analysis and Conceptual Geological Model in Absence of Effective Seismic Attributes: A Case Study from Mesozoic Reservoir, Offshore East Coast of India
Authors: Chakraborty Suvajit , Negi Satyapal , Kumar Alok , Pandey Nitesh 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Static Modeling of deep water sand rich reservoir of braided fluvial origin, deposited in syn-rift set up is challenging in order to capture the reservoir complexities like presence of low permeability facies and complex fault geometry. It becomes more difficult with limited well controls and lack of effective seismic attributes. To characterize such complexities, a robust rocktype based modeling approach is considered with effective spatial control on properties. A rocktype based static modeling approach using geostatistical techniques guided by conceptual depositional model is adopted here as a case study. Five rocktypes are classified based on hydraulic units (HU), defined by FZI (Flow Zone Indicator) technique using porosity and permeability measurements from core data. A depositional model of braided fluvial setup is conceptualized based on integrated analysis of core data, well log and overall reservoir architecture. Using this conceptual depositional model, trend analysis for different rocktypes is carried out to derive vertical proportion curve (VPC) and variograms which are then used to populate reservoir properties away from the wells. The static model was simulated for dynamic studies to depict production profile scenarios for assessing the commercial viability of the field. Pressure data from appraisal wells has established three different fluid contacts separating the reservoir into different segments. Surgically interpreted faults are used to define the segment boundaries and build a detail as well as appropriate fault network model. Use of rocktypes based on FZI method, instead of Sand-Shale classification scheme, helped in capturing the reservoir heterogeneities within a sand rich system. A property modeling approach using trend analysis along with concept based variogram models have provided better control on properties away from the well especially when the seismic attributes are not that effective. The model was validated in a recently drilled appraisal well. The reservoir properties at this well location have shown great match with the pre drill predictions from the model.
Raageshwari Deep Gas Hydro-Fracturing Campaign, Accelerated Project Delivery - An Example of Robust Integrated Project Management
Authors: Shrivastava Pranay , Sharma Vedant , Anand Saurabh , Otubaga Ademola , Trivedi Ranjan , Muda Mazlan , Parasher Arunabh , Tiwari Shobhit , Aihevba Leste 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper will describe how good project management and communications between the various project stake holders resulted in the successful completion of the Raageshwari 15 wells fracturing campaign. The 93 fracturing stages were completed under budget and in a shorter time frame than planned. The management of the project included multiple and diverse operations and equipment including perforating, wireline, well testing, hydraulic fracturing, HSE, and waste water management.
The Raageshwari deep gas field (RDG) is a deep, tight, high condensate gas reservoir located in Rajasthan, India. The 15 wells were located on 3 separate pads within 2 km radius. Their location, in a sparsely populated arid part of India adds to the logistical challenges. Some of the key challenges during the project were: Key operations such as fracturing and perforating cannot be performed at night.Economic handling and disposal of waste water.Continuous supply of water suitable for fracturing and other wellsite operations.Limited space available on the well pads.Requirement for simultaneous operations involving high risk activities such as perforating and high pressure pumping.High CT cleanout frequency due to the requirement of underflushing the frac stages, close proximity of the adjacent stages, and the small volume in the 3 ½ inch monobore completions.Logistics and supply chain management in a remote location.
Solutions for these obstacles included improved procedures, workflows and key technology introductions. These included: Simultaneous rig up to multiple wells.Simultaneous operations covered through Risk assessment and controls in place.Selective perforation technology to reduce perforating time.Mechanical evaporators and a robust CSR team for waste water management.
The various optimizations resulted in a reduction in days per frac stage from 4 in the previous campaigns to 2 in this campaign. The project was delivered with 0 LTI (Lost Time Injuries), and a phenomenal HSE record due to robust safety procedures, frequent audits, safety drills etc.
This paper will detail how the challenges in this project were overcome resulting allowing a high speed fracturing campaign to be successfully executed in a remote location.
Unconventional Hydrocarbons: Gas Hydrates - Drilling Challenges and Suitable Technology
Authors: Motghare Prashant D , Musale Amol 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
National Gas Hydrate Program Expedition 02 (NGHP-02) was conducted from 3-March-2015 to 28- July-2015 off the eastern coast of India. The primary goal of this expedition was to explore for highly saturated gas hydrate occurrences in sand reservoirs that would become targets for future production tests. The first two months of the expedition were dedicated to logging-while-drilling (LWD) operations, and the next three months were dedicated to coring operations. With a total of five months of continuous field operations, the expedition was the most comprehensive dedicated gas hydrate investigations taken by India.
NGHP-02 has fulfilled the objective of discovering gas hydrates in sand reservoir, explore presence of free gas below gas hydrate stability zone and the identification of sites for pilot production testing for NGHP Expedition-03. The objective of this paper is to highlight challenges faced during drilling for Coring/ Logging/ Modular Formation Dynamic Tester (MDT) operations in NGHP-02 and potential risk associated with drilling gas hydrate in Krishna Godavari (KG) offshore of India for pilot production testing. The paper will also thrust on suitable well design, optimum drilling parameters, and ways to mitigate well control issues associated with drilling.
Operational complexities of NGHP-02 are minutely analysed and discussed in this paper. During drilling of well for gas hydrates in NGHP-02 expedition, the problems observed were gas plume below seafloor, drill pipe stuck in thick sand layer due to wellbore instability, difficulty in lowering logging & MDT tool in gas hydrate zone, wire line logging tool stuck inside drill pipe while pulling out logging tool. To overcome drilling hazards, feasibility study of suitable drilling technology like managed pressure drilling, casing while drilling, proper well design considering all the potential hazards to drill the well safely are discussed in detail.
The Byzantine cisterns of Constantinople
Authors: Ward K. A. , Crapper M. , Altuğ K. , Crow J. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The most unusual aspect of Byzantine Constantinople's water system was the large number of cisterns throughout the city. This research integrates the two most recent in-depth studies of the cisterns to determine that there have been at least 211 cisterns attributed to the Byzantine city. The distribution of the cisterns indicates that the size and number of cisterns constructed reduced over time, with more and larger cisterns developed prior to the 7th century. Cisterns are concentrated in the older area of the city and sparser on the periphery, but with later ones more common in the peripheral areas, suggesting that water provision was extended over time, and although the majority of cisterns are small, most storage volume is concentrated in the three largest open-air cisterns. The extended, detailed list produced will allow more in-depth investigations to proceed. Analysis of the distribution of cisterns across the city creates a framework for understanding the development and functioning of Byzantine Constantinople's complex water supply system.
Akredytywa dokumentowa na gruncie UCP 600
Authors: Szpojankowski Aleksander 
Published: April 2017

W związku z coraz większą rolą globalizacji i handlu międzynarodowego zrodziła się potrzeba stworzenia bezpiecznych metod finansowania transakcji ponadnarodowych. Z tego powodu powstał instrument w postaci akredytywy dokumentowej, która w bezpieczny sposób umożliwia przedsiębiorcom finansowanie, przede wszystkim międzynarodowych transakcji. W artykule akredytywa dokumentowa została przedstawiona na gruncie uniwersalnego standardu, wydanego w 2007 roku przez Międzynarodową Izbę Handlową w Paryżu, UCP 600 z uwzględnieniem rodzajów akredytywy, zasad wedle jakich się ją stosuje oraz wyjątków od niej.
Prawnopodatkowa problematyka mobilnych kontenerów budowlanych. Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z 15.3.2016 r. (II FSK 84/14)
Authors: Brejdak Paulina 
Published: April 2017

Glosa odnosi się do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z 15.3.2016 r. (II FSK 84/14) dotyczącego opodatkowania podatkiem od nieruchomości. Głównym problemem jest prawidłowa interpretacja definicji mobilnego kontenera budowlanego. Naczelny Sąd Administracyjny w wyroku wyraźnie wskazuje, że mobilny kontener budowlany nie jest budynkiem, ale jest tymczasowym obiektem budowlanym. W konsekwencji, mobilne kontenery budowlane nie podlegają opodatkowaniu. Ponadto, w kontekście niniejszego wyroku uwydatnia się istotny problem, jakim jest brak precyzyjności i jasności prawa podatkowego.
Phytoremediation of Arsenic by Trapa natans in a Hydroponic System
Authors: Baruah Sangita , Borgohain Jayasree , Sarma K.P. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT:Phytoremediation of arsenic (As) by water chestnut (Trapa natans) in a hydroponic system was studied. Plants were grown at two concentrations of arsenic, 1.28 mg/L and 10.80 mg/L, in a single metal solution. Scanning Electron Microscope‐Energy Dispersive X‐ray (SEM‐EDX) confirmed highest arsenic concentration in the roots, followed by shoots and leaves. SEM‐EDX also confirmed internalization of arsenic in T. natans and the damage caused due to arsenic exposure. Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FT‐IRS) indicated that the binding characteristics of the arsenic ions involved the hydroxyl, amide, amino, and thiol groups in the biomass. Chlorophyll concentration decreased with increasing metal concentration and duration of exposure, but proline content increases with increasing concentration in the plant. Morphological changes were studied on the 3rd, 5th and 7th day. Unhealthy growth and chlorosis were found to be related with arsenic toxicity. From the above studies it is clear that T. natans can be used successfully for the removal of arsenic ions by a phytoremediation process.
Entrepreneuriat Social et Participation Citoyenne
Authors: Brouard Francois , Larivet Sophie , Sakka Ouafa 
Published: April 2017

RÉSUMÉ L'entrepreneuriat social est un concept émergeant, notamment dans les sciences de l'administration. Pourtant, en dehors d'une pratique directoriale spécifique, il est aussi une forme de participation citoyenne trop méconnue. L'objectif de cet article, basé sur une revue de la littérature et une approche théorique, est de présenter le concept d'entrepreneuriat social afin de mieux saisir son positionnement par rapport à la participation citoyenne. L'entrepreneuriat social constitue une forme particulière de participation à l'espace public par l'action, les entreprises sociales agissant au quotidien pour transformer le paysage social. En particulier, cet article souligne le contexte de développement de l'entrepreneuriat social, définit le concept et les notions connexes d'entreprise sociale et d'entrepreneur social, et, enfin, présente une réflexion sur la contribution de l'entrepreneuriat social à la participation citoyenne. L'article montre que l'entrepreneuriat social est une façon pour les citoyens d'agir directement et avec maîtrise sur la société. ABSTRACT Social entrepreneurship is an emerging concept, notably in administrative sciences. However, not only is it a specific managerial practice but it is also a type of citizen participation that is not well-known. The objective of this article, based on a literature review and a theoretical approach, is to present the concept of social entrepreneurship in order to better understand its relation to citizen participation. Social entrepreneurship represents a specific type of citizen participation involving actions. Social enterprises act daily to transform the social landscape. More specifically, this article presents the context of development of social entrepreneurship, proposes a definition of the concept and of other connected notions like "social enterprise" and "social entrepreneur", and, finally, analyzes the contribution of social entrepreneurship to citizen participation. It shows that social entrepreneurship is a way for citizens to act directly and with some power on society.