bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social capital strategies to enhance hepatitis C treatment awareness and uptake among men in prison
Authors: Lafferty L. , Treloar C. , Guthrie J. , Chambers G. M. , Butler T. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryPrisoner populations are characterized by high rates of hepatitis C (HCV), up to thirty times that of the general population in Australia. Within Australian prisons, less than 1% of eligible inmates access treatment. Public health strategies informed by social capital could be important in addressing this inequality in access to HCV treatment. Twenty‐eight male inmates participated in qualitative interviews across three correctional centres in New South Wales, Australia. All participants had recently tested as HCV RNA positive or were receiving HCV treatment. Analysis was conducted with participants including men with experiences of HCV treatment (n=10) (including those currently accessing treatment and those with a history of treatment) and those who were treatment naïve (n=18). Social capital was a resourceful commodity for inmates considering and undergoing treatment while in custody. Inmates were a valuable resource for information regarding HCV treatment, including personal accounts and reassurance (bonding social capital), while nurses a resource for the provision of information and care (linking social capital). Although linking social capital between inmates and nurses appeared influential in HCV treatment access, there remained opportunities for increasing linking social capital within the prison setting (such as nurse‐led engagement within the prisons). Bonding and linking social capital can be valuable resources in promoting HCV treatment awareness, uptake and adherence. Peer‐based programmes are likely to be influential in promoting HCV outcomes in the prison setting. Engagement in prisons, outside of the clinics, would enhance opportunities for linking social capital to influence HCV treatment outcomes.
Comparison of Tube, Gel, and Immunochromatographic Strip Methods for Evaluation of Blood Transfusion Compatibility in Horses
Authors: Luethy D. , Owens S.D. , Stefanovski D. , Nolen‐Walston R. , Giger U. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundAssessment of blood compatibility, typically by tube agglutination (TUBE) and hemolysis crossmatch or, less commonly, by blood typing and alloantibody screening, often is performed before blood transfusion in horses. In contrast, gel column (GEL) and immunochromatographic strip (STRIP) techniques are preferred for compatibility testing in dogs and cats.ObjectiveTo determine the accuracy of novel and standard crossmatch and typing methods.AnimalsThirty‐eight healthy horses, previously blood typed and alloantibody screened.MethodsTUBE and GEL crossmatches were performed on 146 different recipient‐donor pairs with 56 incompatible TUBE crossmatches. Crossmatches were compared by nonparametric area under the curve of receiver operating characteristic (AUC‐ROC) analyses. Horses also were blood typed by the novel immunochromatographic Ca typing STRIP.ResultsCompared to TUBE crossmatch, GEL had excellent accuracy for agglutination (AUC‐ROC = 0.903), but marginal accuracy for hemolysis (AUC‐ROC = 0.639). Compared to macroscopic TUBE, microscopic TUBE had excellent accuracy for agglutination (AUC‐ROC = 0.912). The predicted crossmatch compatibility based on blood type and alloantibody assay showed excellent accuracy compared to TUBE and GEL (AUC‐ROC = 0.843 and 0.897, respectively). However, there were more recipient‐donor pairs identified as incompatible by both TUBE and GEL than predicted by blood type and antibody screen, suggesting the presence of unidentified alloantibodies. A Ca typing STRIP exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity for the 35 Ca+ and 3 Ca‐ horses tested.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceGel column crossmatch and Ca typing immunochromatographic strip are simple and accurate methods to evaluate clinical blood compatibility.
Nutrient uptake and use efficiency in co‐occurring plants along a disturbance and nutrient availability gradient in the boreal forests of the southwest Yukon, Canada
Authors: Nitschke Craig R. , Waeber Patrick O. , Klaassen Jan W. , Dordel Julia , Innes John L. , Aponte Cristina 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimIn boreal forest ecosystems plant productivity is typically constrained by mineral nutrient availability. In some boreal regions changes in nutrient availability have led to limited changes in productivity but large changes in plant composition. To determine the impact that a change in nutrient availability has on the plant communities it is important to understand how species use nutrients. Here we explore how plant species and functional types in a cold‐dry boreal forest community use available nutrients by quantifying their respective nutrient utilization and response efficiency.LocationBoreal forests in the southwest corner of the Yukon Territory, Canada.MethodsWe collected soil samples and total plant biomass from 29 plots from nine locations subjected to fire, harvesting or bark beetle disturbances. Nutrient analysis of all vegetation and soil samples were conducted to determine the concentration of macro‐ and micronutrients from both plant biomass and soils collected. Nutrient pools between stands with different disturbance histories are compared. Nutrient uptake, use and response efficiencies were then calculated and nutrient response profiles were developed for each species/functional type.ResultsWe found few differences between nutrient pools in plots with different disturbance histories. A clear separation of species and functional groups in elemental hyperspace suggesting divergent nutrient use in co‐occurring species was identified. The use efficiency analysis highlighted that the species with the highest uptake efficiency have lowest use efficiency and vice versa. Species showed either a monotonic or constant relationship between nutrient response efficiency and N, P, K, reflecting a lack of relationship between plant productivity and resource availability or a linear increase in productivity with increasing nutrient availability, respectively.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that species are maximizing nutrient use along different parts of the resource gradient, which has implications for understanding how species respond to changes in nutrient availability. Our findings also show that nutrient use by some species may be governed more by uptake efficiency than use efficiency, allowing them to respond to increases in resource availability by increasing uptake rather than use.
Experimental evolution of rhizobia may lead to either extra‐ or intracellular symbiotic adaptation depending on the selection regime
Authors: Marchetti Marta , Clerissi Camille , Yousfi Yasmine , Gris Carine , Bouchez Olivier , Rocha Eduardo , Cruveiller Stéphane , Jauneau Alain , Capela Delphine , Masson‐Boivin Catherine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractExperimental evolution is a powerful approach to study the process of adaptation to new environments, including the colonization of eukaryotic hosts. Facultative endosymbionts, including pathogens and mutualists, face changing and spatially structured environments during the symbiotic process, which impose diverse selection pressures. Here, we provide evidence that different selection regimes, involving different times spent in the plant environment, can result in either intra‐ or extracellular symbiotic adaptations. In previous work, we introduced the symbiotic plasmid of Cupriavidus taiwanensis, the rhizobial symbiont of Mimosa pudica, into the phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum and selected three variants able to form root nodules on M. pudica, two (CBM212 and CBM349) being able to rudimentarily infect nodule cells and the third one (CBM356) only capable of extracellular infection of nodules. Each nodulating ancestor was further challenged to evolve using serial ex planta–in planta cycles of either 21 (three short‐cycle lineages) or 42 days (three long‐cycle lineages). In this study, we compared the phenotype of the 18 final evolved clones. Evolution through short and long cycles resulted in similar adaptive paths on lineages deriving from the two intracellularly infectious ancestors, CBM212 and CBM349. In contrast, only short cycles allowed a stable acquisition of intracellular infection in lineages deriving from the extracellularly infecting ancestor, CBM356. Long cycles, instead, favoured improvement of extracellular infection. Our work highlights the importance of the selection regime in shaping desired traits during host‐mediated selection experiments.
Cuticle hydrolysis in four medically important fly species by enzymes of the entomopathogenic fungus Conidiobolus coronatus
Authors: BOGUŚ M. I. , WŁÓKA E. , WROŃSKA A. , KACZMAREK A. , KAZEK M. , ZALEWSKA K. , LIGĘZA ‐ ŻUBER M. , GOŁĘBIOWSKI M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract.Entomopathogenic fungi infect insects via penetration through the cuticle, which varies remarkably in chemical composition across species and life stages. Fungal infection involves the production of enzymes that hydrolyse cuticular proteins, chitin and lipids. Host specificity is associated with fungus–cuticle interactions related to substrate utilization and resistance to host‐specific inhibitors. The soil fungus Conidiobolus coronatus (Constantin) (Entomophthorales: Ancylistaceae) shows virulence against susceptible species. The larvae and pupae of Calliphora vicina (Robineau‐Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Calliphora vomitoria (Linnaeus), Lucilia sericata (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Musca domestica (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Muscidae) are resistant, but adults exposed to C. coronatus quickly perish. Fungus was cultivated for 3 weeks in a minimal medium. Cell‐free filtrate, for which activity of elastase, N‐acetylglucosaminidase, chitobiosidase and lipase was determined, was used for in vitro hydrolysis of the cuticle from larvae, puparia and adults. Amounts of amino acids, N‐glucosamine and fatty acids released were measured after 8 h of incubation. The effectiveness of fungal enzymes was correlated with concentrations of compounds detected in the cuticles of tested insects. Positive correlations suggest compounds used by the fungus as nutrients, whereas negative correlations may indicate compounds responsible for insect resistance. Adult deaths result from the ingestion of conidia or fungal excretions.
Prevalence and oral health‐related quality of life of self‐reported orofacial conditions in Sweden
Authors: Oghli I , List T , John M , Larsson P 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo (i) determine the prevalences of self‐report in a Swedish adult population, of temporomandibular disorders, burning mouth syndrome, dry mouth, and bad breath and (ii) determine oral health‐related quality‐of‐life impairment in subjects reporting these conditions.Subjects and methodsA cross‐sectional, randomized sample of the adult Swedish population (response rate: 46%, N = 1309 subjects) self‐reported their condition from the preceding month to assess prevalences of self‐report for the studied conditions together with comorbidity group of subjects who reported more than one condition. The 49‐item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) used to assess oral health‐related quality of life.ResultsThe most prevalent condition was bad breath (39%), followed by dry mouth (22%), temporomandibular disorders (18%) and burning mouth syndrome (4%). High comorbidity of conditions occurred in 27% of the population. Quality‐of‐life impairment increased with the number of comorbid conditions. Among individual conditions, burning mouth syndrome and temporomandibular disorders (57% and 40% OHIP points) presented higher impairment than dry mouth and bad breath (32% and 26% OHIP points).ConclusionsOrofacial conditions were common and often coexist. The comorbidity group experienced the highest impact on oral health‐related quality of life: the more the comorbid conditions, the greater the negative impact.
Development of the Japanese Version of the Leeds Assessment of the Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Pain Scale: Diagnostic Utility in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Isomura Tatsuya , Sumitani Masahiko , Matsudaira Ko , Kawaguchi Mika , Inoue Reo , Hozumi Jun , Tanaka Takeyuki , Oshima Hirofumi , Mori Kanto , Taketomi Shuji , Inui Hiroshi , Tahara Keitaro , Yamagami Ryota , Hayakawa Kazuhiro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to assess the diagnostic utility of the linguistically validated Japanese version of the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs Pain Scale (LANSS‐J) as a screening tool for neuropathic pain in the clinical setting.MethodsPatients with neuropathic pain or nociceptive pain who were 20 to 85 years of age were included. Sensitivity and specificity using the original cutoff value of 12 were assessed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the LANSS‐J. Sensitivity and specificity with possible cutoff values were calculated, along with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We then evaluated agreement regarding assessment of the LANSS‐J by two investigators. We used the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for the total score and Cohen's kappa coefficient for each item.ResultsData for patients with neuropathic pain (n = 30) and those with nociceptive pain (n = 29) were analyzed. With a cutoff of 12, the sensitivity was 63.3% (19/30) and the specificity 93.1% (27/29). Sensitivity improved substantially with a cutoff of ≤ 11 (≥ 83.3%, 25/30). High specificity (93.1%, 27/29) was sustained with a cutoff of 9 to 12. The ICC for the total score was 0.85, indicating sufficient agreement. Kappa coefficients ranged from 0.68 to 0.84.ConclusionsThe LANSS‐J is a valid screening tool for detecting neuropathic pain. Our results suggest that employing the original cutoff value provides high specificity, although a lower cutoff value of 10 or 11 (with its high specificity maintained) may be more beneficial when pain attributed to neuropathic mechanisms is suspected in Japanese patients.
Portuguese Version of the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory: A Multicenter Validation Study
Authors: Azevedo Luís Filipe , Sampaio Rute , Camila Dias Cláudia , Romão José , Lemos Laurinda , Agualusa Luís , Vaz‐Serra Sílvia , Patto Teresa , Costa‐Pereira Altamiro , Castro‐Lopes José Manuel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe aimed to perform the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the Pain Beliefs and Perceptions Inventory (PBPI) for the European Portuguese language and chronic pain population.MethodsThis is a longitudinal multicenter validation study. A Portuguese version of the PBPI (PBPI‐P) was created through a process of translation, back translation, and expert panel evaluation. The PBPI‐P was administered to a total of 122 patients from 13 chronic pain clinics in Portugal, at baseline and after 7 days. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were assessed by Cronbach's alpha (α) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct (convergent and discriminant) validity was assessed based on a set of previously developed theoretical hypotheses about interrelations between the PBPI‐P and other measures. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test the theoretical structure of the PBPI‐P.ResultsThe internal consistency and test–retest reliability coefficients for each respective subscale were α = 0.620 and ICC = 0.801 for mystery; α = 0.744 and ICC = 0.841 for permanence; α = 0.778 and ICC = 0.791 for constancy; and α = 0.764 and ICC = 0.881 for self‐blame. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis revealed a four‐factor structure (performance, constancy, self‐blame, and mystery) that explained 63% of the variance. The construct validity of the PBPI‐P was shown to be adequate, with more than 90% of the previously defined hypotheses regarding interrelations with other measures confirmed.ConclusionThe PBPI‐P has been shown to be adequate and to have excellent reliability, internal consistency, and validity. It may contribute to a better pain assessment and is suitable for research and clinical use.
High‐Frequency Spinal Cord Stimulation in a Patient with an Implanted Cardiac Device
Authors: Kissoon Narayan R. , Hoelzer Bryan C. , Martin David P. , Lamer Tim J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundNew advances in spinal cord stimulation have led to improved treatment of patients suffering from chronic pain. While the overall safety of newer stimulation devices has been established, no published reports exist regarding safety considerations when these devices are implanted in patients with a preexisting cardiac device.Case ReportAn 83‐year‐old man with a history of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest secondary to an episode of ventricular fibrillation underwent automated implantable cardiac defibrillator placement. Concomitantly, he suffered from intractable chronic low axial back pain and was deemed a candidate for high‐frequency (10 kHz) spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Cardiac monitoring during SCS trial and implantation was performed with no interference noted. Following high‐frequency SCS implantation, the patient was observed to have significant pain relief with functional improvement.DiscussionWhile others have reported safety during traditional SCS in patients with implanted cardiac devices, this is the first case report to describe safe and effective use of high‐frequency SCS in a patient with an implanted cardiac device.
Clathrin regulates blue light‐triggered lateral auxin distribution and hypocotyl phototropism in Arabidopsis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yu Qinqin , Jiang Nan , Yan Xu , Wang Chao , Wang Qingmei , Liu Jianzhong , Zhu Muyuan , Bednarek Sebastian Y. , Xu Jian , Pan Jianwei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPhototropism is the process by which plants grow towards light in order to maximize the capture of light for photosynthesis, which is particularly important for germinating seedlings. In Arabidopsis, hypocotyl phototropism is predominantly triggered by blue light (BL), which has a profound effect on the establishment of asymmetric auxin distribution, essential for hypocotyl phototropism. Two auxin efflux transporters ATP‐binding cassette B19 (ABCB19) and PIN‐formed 3 (PIN3) are known to mediate the effect of BL on auxin distribution in the hypocotyl, but the details for how BL triggers PIN3 lateralization remain poorly understood. Here, we report a critical role for clathrin in BL‐triggered, PIN3‐mediated asymmetric auxin distribution in hypocotyl phototropism. We show that unilateral BL induces relocalization of clathrin in the hypocotyl. Loss of clathrin light chain 2 (CLC2) and CLC3 affects endocytosis and lateral distribution of PIN3 thereby impairing BL‐triggered establishment of asymmetric auxin distribution and consequently, phototropic bending. Conversely, auxin efflux inhibitors N‐1‐naphthylphthalamic acid and 2,3,5‐triiodobenzoic acid affect BL‐induced relocalization of clathrin, endocytosis and lateralization of PIN3 as well as asymmetric distribution of auxin. These results together demonstrate an important interplay between auxin and clathrin function that dynamically regulates BL‐triggered hypocotyl phototropism in Arabidopsis.
Fluorescent quantification of melanin
Authors: Fernandes Bruno , Matamá Teresa , Guimarães Diana , Gomes Andreia , Cavaco‐Paulo Artur 
Published: October 2016

SummaryMelanin quantification is reportedly performed by absorption spectroscopy, commonly at 405 nm. Here, we propose the implementation of fluorescence spectroscopy for melanin assessment. In a typical in vitro assay to assess melanin production in response to an external stimulus, absorption spectroscopy clearly overvalues melanin content. This method is also incapable of distinguishing non‐melanotic/amelanotic control cells from those that are actually capable of performing melanogenesis. Therefore, fluorescence spectroscopy is the best method for melanin quantification as it proved to be highly specific and accurate, detecting even small variations in the synthesis of melanin. This method can also be applied to the quantification of melanin in more complex biological matrices like zebrafish embryos and human hair.
Safety, Explanation, Iteration
Authors: Greco Daniel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper argues for several related theses. First, the epistemological position that knowledge requires safe belief can be motivated by views in the philosophy of science, according to which good explanations show that their explananda are robust. This motivation goes via the idea—recently defended on both conceptual and empirical grounds—that knowledge attributions play a crucial role in explaining successful action. Second, motivating the safety requirement in this way creates a choice point—depending on how we understand robustness, we'll end up with different conceptions of safety in epistemology. Lastly, and most controversially, there's an attractive choice at this point that will not vindicate some of the most influential applications of the safety‐theoretic framework in epistemology, e.g., Williamson's (2000) arguments against the KK principle, and luminosity.
Mind Misreading
Authors: Spaulding Shannon 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMost people think of themselves as pretty good at understanding others’ beliefs, desires, emotions, and intentions. Accurate mindreading is an impressive cognitive feat, and for this reason the philosophical literature on mindreading has focused exclusively on explaining such successes. However, as it turns out, we regularly make mindreading mistakes. Understanding when and how mind misreading occurs is crucial for a complete account of mindreading. In this paper, I examine the conditions under which mind misreading occurs. I argue that these patterns of mind misreading shed light on the limits of mindreading, reveal new perspectives on how mindreading works, and have implications for social epistemology.
Norms of Belief
Authors: Simion Mona , Kelp Christoph , Ghijsen Harmen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhen in the business of offering an account of the epistemic normativity of belief, one is faced with the following dilemma: strongly externalist norms fail to account for the intuition of justification in radical deception scenarios, while milder norms are incapable to explain what is epistemically wrong with false beliefs. This paper has two main aims; we first look at one way out of the dilemma, defended by Timothy Williamson and Clayton Littlejohn, and argue that it fails. Second, we identify what we take to be the problematic assumption that underlies their account and offer an alternative way out. We put forth a knowledge‐first friendly normative framework for belief which grants justification to radically deceived subjects while at the same time acknowledging that their false beliefs are not epistemically good beliefs.
An Argument for Uniqueness About Evidential Support
Authors: Dogramaci Sinan , Horowitz Sophie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhite, Christensen, and Feldman have recently endorsed uniqueness, the thesis that given the same total evidence, two rational subjects cannot hold different views. Kelly, Schoenfield, and Meacham argue that White and others have at best only supported the weaker, merely intrapersonal view that, given the total evidence, there are no two views which asinglerational agent could take. Here, we give a new argument for uniqueness, an argument with deliberate focus on the interpersonal element of the thesis. Our argument is that the best explanation of the value of promoting rationality is an explanation that entails uniqueness.