bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les élites sociales et le choix de l’enseignement français en Tunisie : Entre consumérisme scolaire et socialisation laïque
Authors: Pontanier Émilie 
Published: June 2016

Quelles sont les stratégies et les attentes que dénote le choix d’un établissement scolaire secondaire français pour les familles tunisiennes et binationales en Tunisie contemporaine ? La recherche étudie les formes de distinctions sociale, culturelle et cultuelle à laquelle ces familles aspirent et les stratégies qu’elles mettent en œuvre dans ce dessein. Entrent particulièrement en jeu la dimension internationale des diplômes, le poids des représentations de la langue et de la culture, ou encore la volonté d’une socialisation laïque. En confiant l’éducation de leurs enfants à l’enseignement français, les parents évitent l’impasse que constitue, à leurs yeux, le système public tunisien et contournent sa politique d’arabisation et de massification. Ils engagent alors leurs enfants dans une institution qui leur apportera un capital dispensateur de profits matériels et symboliques. Le système scolaire français permet ainsi de produire, tant sur le plan national qu’international, des ressources à forte valeur ajoutée, une manière pour les familles de se reproduire socialement. Mais leurs choix éducatifs peuvent aussi être liés à la laïcité de l’enseignement qui correspond à une vision du monde qui rend possible, selon eux, soit la promotion d’une religion peu contraignante et indépendante, soit l’abstention religieuse. En conséquence, dans les établissements français, malgré les conflits entre les champs laïque et religieux, la population scolaire et les parents d’élèves utilisent majoritairement le champ laïque pour faire valoir leurs diverses options en matière de religion et de croyance. La laïcité de l’enseignement permet donc de distinguer culturellement et cultuellement une population peu encline au fondamentalisme religieux.
Machiavel et les « arts de la paix »
Authors: Monier-Dana Nathanaël 
Published: June 2016

Les « arts de la paix » tels que décrits par Machiavel dans les Discours sur la première décade de Tite-Live posent question. S’il est naturel de vouloir y voir un art de la diplomatie et les opposer à l’art de la guerre, la réalité est différente. Toujours éclairés par les contextes dans lesquels ils sont pris, « les arts de la paix » sont intrinsèquement liés au concept de religion. Dans le chapitre 19 du livre I que cet article étudie spécifiquement, ils prennent place – à travers les exemples des Romains, des Hébreux et des Ottomans – au cœur même du cadre conceptuel machiavélien. La présente contribution tente de montrer qu’en évoluant entre paix et guerre, entre faiblesse et vertu, entre ruine et splendeur des dynasties, les « arts de la paix » subliment ces tensions internes tout en proposant ultimement un moyen de les assumer. Dès lors, que sont-ils réellement et en quoi permettent-ils de penser le lien difficile entre la paix intérieure et la guerre extérieure dans la pensée de Machiavel ?
Association of Injury Factors, Not Body Mass Index, With Hospital Resource Usage in Trauma Patients
Authors: Lee Felecia A. , Hervey Ashley M. , Berg Gina M. , Acuna David L. , Harrison Paul B. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundAllocating resources appropriately requires knowing whether obese patients use more resources during a hospital stay than nonobese patients.ObjectivesTo determine if trauma patients with different body mass indexes differed in use of resources measured as a multifaceted outcome variable.MethodsA trauma registry was used for a retrospective study of adult patients admitted to a midwestern level I trauma center. Patients were stratified into 3 groups: nonobese (normal weight, overweight), obese, and morbidly obese. Three canonical correlation analyses were used to determine the relationship between patient/injury characteristics and hospital resource usage.ResultsIn a sample of 9771 patients, 71.2% were non-obese, 23.8% obese, and 5.0% morbidly obese. For patient/injury characteristics, Injury Severity Score and physiological complications were significant variables for all 3 groups. Scores on the Glasgow Coma Scale were significant for nonobese patients only. For resource usage, intensive care unit length of stay and procedures were significant variables for all 3 groups.ConclusionsAssociations between body mass index and outcomes have been noted when assessed as independent variables. However, when resource usage was assessed as a multifaceted outcome variable, injury factors (higher Injury Severity Score, lower scores on the Glasgow Coma Scale, more physiological complications) were associated with resource usage (increased length of stay in the intensive care unit and increased number of procedures). These findings provide clinicians a new perspective for evaluating the complex relationship between patient/injury characteristics and hospital resource usage.
Distinct CD55 Isoform Synthesis and Inhibition of Complement-Dependent Cytolysis by Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Kwon Young-Chan , Kim Hangeun , Meyer Keith , Di Bisceglie Adrian M. , Ray Ranjit 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
CD55/DAF, one of the regulators of complement activation, is known to limit excess complement activation on the host cell surface by accelerating the decay of C3 convertase. We reported previously that hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or virus core protein expression upregulates CD55 expression. CD55 associates with HCV particles, potentially protecting HCV from lysis in circulation. An increase in CD55 on the surface of HCV-infected cells may inhibit complement-mediated cell killing. In this study, we show that Abs against cancer cell surface proteins induce complement-dependent cytolysis or Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of immortalized human hepatocytes in the presence of CD55-blocking Ab. CD55 has a secreted isoform (sCD55) that is generated by alternative splicing. We observed that sCD55 is induced in HCV-infected or HCV replicon–harboring cells, as well as in liver biopsy samples from chronically HCV-infected patients. Conditioned medium from HCV-infected hepatoma cells (Huh7.5 cells) or immortalized human hepatocytes inhibited C3 convertase activity and complement-dependent cytolysis of sheep blood erythrocytes. Chronically HCV-infected patient sera inhibited C3 convertase activity, further implicating HCV-specific impairment of complement function in infected humans. CD55-blocking Ab inhibited erythrocyte lysis by conditioned medium, suggesting that CD55/sCD55 impairs convertase activity. Together, our data show that HCV infection induces sCD55 expression in HCV-infected cell culture–conditioned medium and inhibits C3 convertase activity. This may have implications for modulating complement-mediated immune function in the microenvironment and on HCV-harboring cells.
Improving South African third graders’ reading skills: Lessons learnt from the use of Guided Reading approach
Authors: Makumbila Mohlanhledi P. , Rowland Charline B. 
Published: June 2016

<p>This professional development project, known as Literacy Leadership Project, enabled four Foundation Phase teachers in South Africa to implement the Guided Reading approach. Developed by American researchers Fountas and Pinnell (1996), Guided Reading helps elementary students strengthen their phonemic awareness, vocabulary, reading comprehension and fluency in small group activities. Over an 8-month period, lessons learnt came from data collected from this professional development included workshop activities, classroom observations, teachers’ group discussions and students’ artefacts. Results indicated improvement in students’ literacy engagement and motivation because of the use of levelled books, oral reading and group activities</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Guided Reading programme; foundation phase; childhood literacy; teacher professional development; literacy leadership; South Africa</p>
Kanauji of Kanpur: A brief overview
Authors: DWIVEDI Pankaj , KAR Somdev 
Published: July 2016

Hindi, in its totality, refers to a dialect continuum spoken mainly across northern India. This continuum is usually divided into two forms: Eastern and Western Hindi. Eastern Hindi is mainly made up of Awadhi, Chhattisgarhi and Bagheli dialects, while Western Hindi consists of Hindostani, Banagru, Braj Bhaka, Bundeli and Kanauji dialects.After Linguistic survey of India (1894-1928) by George A. Grierson – there has been little or no work which specifically focuses on Kanauji. Trivedi (1993, 2005) and Mishra and Bali (2010, 2011) report some secondary data from Kanauji in their works, their focus of inquiry is not Kanauji though. Lewis, Simons & Fennig (2013) refers Kanauji as a language with very low identity.This paper attempts to study the current sociolinguistic situation of Kanauji spoken in the Kanpur district of Uttar Pradesh (India). Some other goals of the paper are following: 1) to feel the pulse of language attitude, with reference to standard Hindi, of the people in Kanpur 2) to present basic linguistic information and 3) to direct attention of the other linguists to Kanauji, which unfortunately has not been the case so far despite of it being mother tongue of millions.This study is result of eighteen days of a fieldtrip to Kanpur district and subsequent preparation of a small speech database of Kanauji. Importance of the work lies in the fact that no previous work, which specifically focuses on Kanauji, has been published so far. This is true at least in the open literature.
Objetivos, competencias y expectativas de futuro profesional de los estudiantes del Grado en Ingeniería en Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo de Producto.
Authors: Serrano Tierz A. , Biedermann A. M. , Santolaya Sáenz J.L. 
Published: July 2016

<p>Este trabajo tiene por objeto analizar las expectativas personales, formativas y profesionales que se plantean los estudiantes del Grado en Ingeniería en Diseño Industrial y Desarrollo de Producto. Se trata de una titulación relativamente joven dentro de la rama de la Ingeniería, precursora en la introducción de los Grados, y que cuenta actualmente con una elevada tasa de solicitud de acceso por parte de los estudiantes.</p><p>Dada la actual situación de cambio social, se pretende conocer cuáles son los objetivos que tienen los estudiantes y en qué medida se cumplen; qué percepción tienen sobre la adquisición de competencias desarrolladas a lo largo del Grado y las demandadas por las empresas; qué capacidades creen que son necesarias en sus profesores y en qué nivel son logradas, y finalmente, cuáles son sus expectativas de futuro profesional en un contexto de incertidumbre.</p><p>Para ello, se ha realizado una encuesta que incluye una muestra representativa de estudiantes de todos los cursos del Grado. Los resultados se han estructurado en tres bloques que analizan las características básicas de los estudiantes, el desarrollo competencial y las expectativas profesionales. El estudio realizado pone de manifiesto que el futuro profesional marca las expectativas formativas de los estudiantes, los cuáles perciben que el nivel de exigencia del desarrollo competencial en el Grado se aproxima con el demandado por las empresas.</p>
A study of local turbulence and anisotropy during the afternoon and evening transition
with an unmanned aerial system and mesoscale simulation
Authors: Lampert Astrid , Pätzold Falk , Jiménez Maria Antonia , Lobitz Lennart , Martin Sabrina , Lohmann Gerald , Canut Guylaine , Legain Dominique , Bange Jens , Martínez-Villagrasa Dani , Cuxart Joan 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Observations of turbulence are analysed for the afternoon and evening transition (AET) during the Boundary-Layer Late Afternoon and Sunset Turbulence (BLLAST) experimental field campaign that took place in Lannemezan (foothills of the Pyrenees) in summer 2011. The case of 2 July is further studied because the turbulence properties of the lower atmosphere (up to 300 m above ground level) were sampled with the Meteorological Mini Aerial Vehicle (M2AV) from turbulently mixed to stably stratified atmospheric conditions. Additionally, data from radiosoundings, 60 m tower and UHF wind profiler were taken together with the model results from a high-resolution mesoscale simulation of this case. Weak large-scale winds and clear-sky conditions were present on the studied AET case favouring the development of slope winds and mountain–plain circulations. It is found that during the AET the anisotropy of the turbulent eddies increases as the vertical motions are damped due to the stably stratified conditions. This effect is enhanced by the formation of a low-level jet after sunset. Finally, the comparison of the anisotropy ratio computed from the different sources of observations allow us to determine the most relevant scales of the motion during the AET in such a complex terrain region.
Modeling a glacial lake outburst flood process chain: the case of Lake
Palcacocha and Huaraz, Peru
Authors: Somos-Valenzuela Marcelo A. , Chisolm Rachel E. , Rivas Denny S. , Portocarrero Cesar , McKinney Daene C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. One of the consequences of recent glacier recession in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru, is the risk of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) from lakes that have formed at the base of retreating glaciers. GLOFs are often triggered by avalanches falling into glacial lakes, initiating a chain of processes that may culminate in significant inundation and destruction downstream. This paper presents simulations of all of the processes involved in a potential GLOF originating from Lake Palcacocha, the source of a previously catastrophic GLOF on 13 December 1941, killing about 1800 people in the city of Huaraz, Peru. The chain of processes simulated here includes (1) avalanches above the lake; (2) lake dynamics resulting from the avalanche impact, including wave generation, propagation, and run-up across lakes; (3) terminal moraine overtopping and dynamic moraine erosion simulations to determine the possibility of breaching; (4) flood propagation along downstream valleys; and (5) inundation of populated areas. The results of each process feed into simulations of subsequent processes in the chain, finally resulting in estimates of inundation in the city of Huaraz. The results of the inundation simulations were converted into flood intensity and preliminary hazard maps (based on an intensity-likelihood matrix) that may be useful for city planning and regulation. Three avalanche events with volumes ranging from 0.5 to 3  ×  106 m3 were simulated, and two scenarios of 15 and 30 m lake lowering were simulated to assess the potential of mitigating the hazard level in Huaraz. For all three avalanche events, three-dimensional hydrodynamic models show large waves generated in the lake from the impact resulting in overtopping of the damming moraine. Despite very high discharge rates (up to 63.4  ×  103 m3 s−1), the erosion from the overtopping wave did not result in failure of the damming moraine when simulated with a hydro-morphodynamic model using excessively conservative soil characteristics that provide very little erosion resistance. With the current lake level, all three avalanche events result in inundation in Huaraz due to wave overtopping, and the resulting preliminary hazard map shows a total affected area of 2.01 km2, most of which is in the high hazard category. Lowering the lake has the potential to reduce the affected area by up to 35 %, resulting in a smaller portion of the inundated area in the high hazard category.
Upwelling characteristics in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) as revealed by
Ferrybox measurements in 2007–2013
Authors: Kikas Villu , Lips Urmas 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Ferrybox measurements have been carried out between Tallinn and Helsinki in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea) on a regular basis since 1997. The system measures autonomously water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll a fluorescence and turbidity and takes water samples for further analyses at a predefined time interval. We aimed to show how the Ferrybox technology could be used to study the coastal upwelling events in the Gulf of Finland. Based on the introduced upwelling index and related criteria, 33 coastal upwelling events were identified in May–September 2007–2013. The number of events, as well as the frequency of their occurrence and intensity expressed as a sum of daily average temperature deviations in the 20 km wide coastal area, were almost equal near the northern and southern coasts. Nevertheless, the wind impulse, which was needed to generate upwelling events of similar intensity, differed between the northern and southern coastal areas. It is suggested that the general thermohaline structure adapted to the prevailing forcing and the estuarine character of the basin weaken the upwelling created by the westerly to southwesterly (up-estuary) winds and strengthen the upwelling created by the easterly to northeasterly (down-estuary) winds. Two types of upwelling events were identified – one characterized by a strong temperature front and the other revealing gradual decrease in temperature from the open sea to the coastal area, with maximum temperature deviation close to the shore.
Development of the Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ)
Authors: Parmanto Bambang , Lewis, Jr. Allen Nelson , Graham Kristin M. , Bertolet Marnie H. 
Published: July 2016

Current telehealth usability questionnaires are designed primarily for older technologies, where telehealth interaction is conducted over dedicated videoconferencing applications. However, telehealth services are increasingly conducted over computer-based systems that rely on commercial software and a user supplied computer interface. Therefore, a usability questionnaire that addresses the changes in telehealth service delivery and technology is needed. The Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ) was developed to evaluate the usability of telehealth implementation and services. This paper addresses: 1) the need for a new measure of telehealth usability, 2) the development of the TUQ, 3) intended uses for the TUQ, and 4) the reliability of the TUQ. Analyses indicate that the TUQ is a solid, robust, and versatile measure that can be used to measure the quality of the computer-based user interface and the quality of the telehealth interaction and services.
Does Unconventional Gas Require Unconventional Ownership? An Analysis of the Functionality of Ownership Frameworks for Unconventional Gas Development
Authors: Hepburn Samantha 
Published: June 2016

The implementation of a responsive and coherent property framework, capable of effectively supporting the progression of a rapidly expanding unconventional gas industry is proving to be a complex and intricate process for many countries. The theory of mineral ownership that underpins any regulatory framework represents its point of departure. It is increasingly clear that the problems associated with the expansion of unconventional gas development have challenged both private and state based models. This article examines how the core principles that form the foundation for land and mineral ownership in both the United States and Australia have responded to the rapid expansion of the unconventional gas industry. The conventional inertia associated with institutionalized property frameworks has meant that the frameworks are largely resistant to external change. Hence, whilst the transformation that has occurred in the energy industries following the advent of unconventional gas development has been remarkable, ownership frameworks have struggled to cope. Many principles that evolved in a period when unconventional gas was inconceivable are now proving ill-equipped and non-responsive to the new energy environment. This Article argues that the stasis that afflicts ownership frameworks has precluded many of the conventional principles from adapting to meet the needs of this new energy revolution. This has generated an increasing imperative, in both the United States and Australia, to develop and implement legislative initiatives that revise or alter the way in which the schema of orthodox ownership principles applies to unconventional gas. Focused legislative development will promote adaptable, consistent, and structured principles, which in turn will allow ownership frameworks to respond to the operational demands of a new energy era.
Reseña/Review (Álvarez-Uría, Fernando, "El reconocimiento de la humanidad. España, Portugal y América latina en la génesis de la modernidad", Madrid: Morata, ISBN: 9788471127808, 368 pgs., 2014)
Authors: Tabares Ramos Juan 
Published: June 2016

Reseña/Review (Álvarez-Uría, Fernando, "El reconocimiento de la humanidad. España, Portugal y América latina en la génesis de la modernidad", Madrid: Morata, ISBN: 9788471127808, 368 pgs., 2014)
Dominican Literature and Dominicanness from a European Perspective
Authors: De Maeseneer Rita 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT:
This article addresses the question of how “peripheral” literature is perceived in Europe. The case study concentrates on the publication (mostly in translation) and reception (via interviews and reviews) in Spain, France, Germany, Belgium, and Holland since 2000 of narrative prose in Spanish and English by authors of Dominican literature. Analysis reveals that Dominican literature is not a clearly defined category from a European perspective. Besides identifying a number of stereotypical markers, such as merengue or trujillato, European reviewers tend to locate the Dominicanness that informs this literature within broader categories of Caribbeanness, Latinoness or Latinamericanness, while emphasizing machismo and magical realism. Consequently, this article calls into question the relation between language and nation, challenging the concept of Spanish American literature as a whole. It poses general questions about center and periphery in the context of the World Republic of Letters.
Quite an Original Failure:
Authors: Seybold Matt 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT:
This article explores how Herman Melville uses the elegant structure of the April Fool's Day prank to anticipate not only the critical and commercial failure of his final novel in 1857, but also the proclivities of the twentieth-century literary scholar. The Confidence-Man simultaneously invites and defies the many attempts to read it as allegory and, through a series of increasingly antagonistic metafictional interludes, Melville's narrator berates his imagined reader and, vicariously, all his readers for their delusional expectations, hypocritical standards, and otherwise irrational reading habits.
Philanthropy, Inheritances, and Legacies: Visualization, Sir Robert Ho Tung, and Idlewild in Buoyant Billions
Authors: Li Kay 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
This article examines how Idlewild, the huge mansion of Sir Robert Ho Tung, reflects the Shavian paradoxes on philanthropy, inheritance, and legacies in Buoyant Billions. The Shaws visited Sir Robert at Idlewild on 13 February 1933 during their Empress of Britain world tour. The Chinese shrine inside the luxurious residence becomes the Chinese temple setting in Buoyant Billions, and Sir Robert, the famous Hong Kong industrialist and philanthropist, is the prototype of Bill Buoyant. This article recounts Shaw's Hong Kong visit to illustrate his unique perspective on money and its relation to the Life Force and Creative Evolution.