bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An acceleration-radiation model for nonthermal flares from Sgr A*
Authors: Petropoulou Maria , Ponti Gabriele , Stel Giovanni , Mastichiadis Apostolos 
Published: October 2024

Context. Sgr A⋆ is the electromagnetic counterpart of the accreting supermassive black hole in the Galactic center. Its emission is variable in the near-infrared (NIR) and X-ray wavelengths on short timescales (several minutes to a few hours). The NIR light curve displays red-noise variability, while the X-ray light curve exhibits bright flares that rise by many orders of magnitude upon the stable X-ray quiescent emission. Every X-ray flare is associated with a bright NIR flux change, but the opposite is not always true. The physical origin of NIR and X-ray flares is still under debate.
Aims. We introduce a model for the production of NIR and X-ray flares from an active region in Sgr A⋆, where particle acceleration takes place intermittently. A fraction of electrons from their thermal pool is accelerated to higher energies while they radiate via synchrotron and synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) processes. In contrast to other radiation models for Sgr A⋆ flares, the particle acceleration is not assumed to be instantaneous.
Methods. We studied the evolution of the particle distribution and the emitted electromagnetic radiation from the flaring region by numerically solving the kinetic equations for electrons and photons. Our calculations took the finite duration of particle acceleration, radiative energy losses, and physical escape from the flaring region into account. To gain better insight into the relation of the model parameters, we complemented our numerical study with analytical calculations.
Results. Flares are produced when the acceleration episode has a finite duration. The rising part in the light curve of a flare is related to the particle acceleration timescale, while the decay is controlled by the cooling or escape timescale of particles. The emitted synchrotron spectra are power laws whose photon index is determined by the ratio of the acceleration and escape timescales, followed by an exponential cutoff. This occurs at the characteristic synchrotron photon energy emitted by particles with the maximum Lorentz factor (where energy loss and gain rates become equal). The NIR flux increases before the onset of the X-ray flare, and the time lag is linked to the particle acceleration timescale. Bright X-ray flares, such as the one observed in 2014, have γ-ray counterparts that might be detected by the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory.
Conclusions. Our generic model for NIR and X-ray flares favors an interpretation of diffusive nonresonant particle acceleration in magnetized turbulence. If direct acceleration by the reconnection electric field in macroscopic current sheets causes the energization of particles during flares in Sgr A⋆, then models considering the injection of preaccelerated particles into a blob where particles cool and/or escape would be appropriate to describe the flare.
Le psychiatre devant l’aide à mourir
Authors: Jovelet Georges 
Published: October 2024

L’auteur propose une analyse de la proposition de loi sur l’aide à mourir, à partir de l’entretien du chef de l’état avec deux journalistes en date du 10 mars dernier, du préambule et des dix articles du projet de loi publiés le 10 avril. Cette proposition sera soumise aux députés fin mai. La mise en perspective des trois documents en éclaire la philosophie. Si un écart peut être observé entre les propos du président de la République et le projet de loi, les motssuicide assistéeteuthanasiesont effectivement élidés du texte. Les débats à propos de cette loi, objet de controverses publiques, amènent à une réflexion sur l’aide à mourir, ses enjeux à partir de trois notions : existe-t-il des suicides « non pathologiques » légitimant le suicide assisté ? L’accompagnement à mourir peut-il être considéré comme un soin ; enfin ce projet s’inscrit–il en rupture ou en continuité avec l’appareil législatif actuel ? L’article est conclu par une réflexion critique sur les conditions de mise en place de l’aide à mourir promues par le projet de loi.
Ressources et richesses compensatoires chez des patients souffrant de troubles neuro-cérébraux
Authors: Viala Marie-Françoise 
Published: October 2024

L’étude des mécanismes compensatoires a été introduite par Eugène Minkowski dans le champ de la méthode phénoméno-structurale. Elle a montré que les troubles psychiques ne peuvent s’envisager uniquement en termes de carences ou de destructions de certaines fonctions mentales, mais qu’ils obéissent aussi à une recomposition unitaire de la personne et de la personnalité à partir de ses déficits.
L’analyse fine des propos des patients à travers leur langage spontané ou certaines épreuves psychologiques restitue dans leur complexité à la fois ces failles et les redéfinitions conséquentes de la structure qui les soutient et actualise.
Le suivi au long cours de malades souffrant d’atteintes neuro-cérébrales dont nous rendons compte dans cet article sensibilise à une compréhension d’ensemble de ces phénomènes dans leurs dimensions neurologique et psychopathologique associées, où la résonance relationnelle et affective tient jusqu’au bout un rôle prépondérant.
System size effects on the free energy landscapes from molecular dynamics of phase-separating bilayers
Authors: Poruthoor Ashlin J. , Stallone Jack J. , Miaro Megan , Sharma Akshara , Grossfield Alan 
Published: October 2024

The “lipid raft” hypothesis proposes that cell membranes contain distinct domains of varying lipid compositions, where “rafts” of ordered lipids and cholesterol coexist with disordered lipid regions. Experimental and theoretical phase diagrams of model membranes have revealed multiple coexisting phases. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations can also capture spontaneous phase separation of bilayers. However, these methods merely determine the sign of the free energy change upon phase separation—whether or not it is favorable—but not the amplitude. Recently, we developed a workflow to compute the free energy of phase separation from MD simulations using the weighted ensemble method. However, while theoretical treatments generally focus on infinite systems and experimental measurements on mesoscopic to macroscopic systems, MD simulations are comparatively small. Therefore, if we are to put the results of these calculations into the appropriate context, we need to understand the effects the finite size of the simulation has on the computed free energy landscapes. In this study, we investigate this phenomenon by computing free energy profiles for a model phase-separating system as a function of system size, ranging from 324 to 10 110 lipids. The results suggest that, within the limits of statistical uncertainty, bulk-like behavior emerges once the systems contain roughly 4000 lipids.
Offline L2-English relative clause attachment preferences
Authors: Atiles Amy Yuiko 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper adds to the debate on second language (L2) relative clause (RC) attachment preferences
by investigating offline L2-English preferences by first-language (L1) speakers of Japanese, which has strong
head-finality and free word order (Ito et al., 2021; Kamide & Mitchell, 1998; Yamada et al., 2017). A
forced-choice task tested L1-English and L1-Japanese/L2-English speakers with RCs that were pragmatically
disambiguated to bias high or low attachment or had neutral bias. The L2 group’s high-attachment preference across all
conditions compared to L1-English speakers was statistically significant. No L2 proficiency no effects were found. As
English and Japanese are predicted to be influenced by the competing parsing principles of Recency and Predicate
Proximity, respectively, these results suggest that attachment preferences are transferrable to the L2.
Update of the BIPM comparison BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cs-137 of activity measurements of the radionuclide 137Cs to include the 2014 result of the NRC (Canada) and the 2018 result of the TENMAK-NÜKEN (Türkiye)
Authors: Michotte Carine , Coulon Romain , Courte Sammy , Nonis Manuel , Judge Steven , Ratel G , Galea R , Moore K , Yeltepe E , Dirican A 
Published: October 2024

Main text
Since 1976, 23 laboratories have submitted 45 samples of 137Cs to the International Reference System (SIR) for activity comparison at the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), with comparison identifier BIPM.RI(II)-K1.Cs-137. The NRC (Canada) and the TENMAK-NÜKEN (Türkiye) participated in the comparison and the key comparison reference value (KCRV) has been updated.
The degrees of equivalence between each equivalent activity measured in the SIR or linked to the SIR from the COOMET.RI(II)-K2.Cs-137 comparison and the updated KCRV have been calculated and the results are given in the form of a table. A graphical representation is also given.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Final report on supplementary comparison of national standards in the field of flow and mass of liquid within the flow range of 0.1 t/h to 45 t/h
Authors: Tuhvatullin Albert , Alexander Bardonov , Zygmantas Gediminas , Benková Miroslava , Viktor Grushka , Narodnitsky Gennady , Davletyarov Nurlan 
Published: October 2024

Main text
The purpose of this project is to carry out a comparison in the field of liquid flow measurement between the laboratories, members of the Technical Committee TC 1.4 "Flow measurement" of the COOMET regional metrological organization with the participation of a laboratory, member of the EURAMET regional metrological organization in order to establish the degree of equivalence of national standards and evaluate the calibration and measurement capabilities of the laboratories of national metrological institutes in the field of fluid flow. The comparison is carried out within the liquid mass flow range of 0.1 t/h to 45 t/h.
This report describes the comparison results of the following NMIs water flow facilities: VNIIM (Kazan, Russia) - pilot lab, BelGIM (Minsk, Belarus), LEI (Kaunas, Lithuania), CMI (Brno, Czechia), MD (Chisinau, Moldova), NSC Institute of Metrology (Kharkiv, Ukraine), RSE "KazInMetr" (Uralsk, Kazakhstan).
Three mass flow meters were used as a transfer standard: flow meter DN 6 in the flow range from 0.1 t/h to 1.0 t/h, flow meter DN 15 in the flow range from 1 t/h to 5 t/h, flow meter DN 50 in the flow range from 5 t/h to 45 t/h. All calibrations were made during October 2019 until September 2021.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Prediction of ground state charge radius using support vector regression
Authors: Jalili Amir , Chen Ai-Xi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We systematically investigate the prediction of nuclear charge radii using a support vector regression (SVR) model in machine learning(ML), specifically employing a radial basis function (RBF) kernel. Our model is designed to capture the global structure of the radius surface through the utilization of feature spaces encompassing both (N, Z) and (N, Z, A). We achieved a root mean square deviation of 0.019 fm with respect to 885 measured charge radii (Z

⩾

8). By incorporating the atomic mass number as an additional feature, the model successfully reproduces the charge radii of (

40
−
50

Ca), (

74
−
96

Kr), (

120
−
148

Ba), and (

183
−
199

Au) isotopes. Furthermore, our ML method demonstrated an extrapolation capability with a deviation of 0.016 fm relative to 10 022 calculated charge radii based on the Weizsacker–Skyrme model. The SVR model’s performance is further tested across different regions of the charge radii table, demonstrating significant agreement with experimental data and underscoring the efficacy of the RBF kernel in nuclear charge radii prediction.
Cosmology in f (R, T) modified gravity : unified dark matter and dark energy model constrained by current observations
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Mayukh , Biswas Ritabrata 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The proposed cosmological model deals with modified Chaplygin gas (MCG) in f(R, T) = R + ξ(T) gravity, where R is the Ricci Scalar and T is the trace of energy-momentum tensor. The function ξ(T) is chosen as the linear combination of power law and logarithmic form under flat Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker space-time. The model is compatible with current observational data (Pantheon Type Ia Supernova) and confronts the deceleration and state parameters effectively. The model can predict the Big Rip in future infinity and can also tackle the difficulties related to the fine-tuning and the coincidence problem practically. Further, we have numerically solved the modified Friedmann equations in f(R, T) gravity and also performed a Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis to obtain the best fit parameters of this current cosmological model. These best parameters are then used to compute the cosmographic parameters, i.e., the deceleration parameter, the jerk parameter and the snap parameter. Significantly, the cosmographic test has given valuable insights into the dynamics of the current cosmological model and also enriched us to understand about the cosmic evolution of the accelerated Universe. Additionally, the Statefinder diagnostics and O

m
diagnostics have provided deeper insights into the dynamics of the cosmic expansion and also provided information to distinguish between both the cosmological frameworks. Furthermore, these tests also reveal that at late times, the current model goes beyond the phantom region. Again, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) have provided enough support for the current model under consideration, indicating that the present model exhibits a plausible explanation. However, the ΛCDM model has emerged with the lowest AIC value which suggests its relatively superior fit compared to the current model. Finally, our current model aligns well with several recent observations and unveils various intriguing features about the late time accelerated Universe.
Novel energy exchange behaviors and mechanisms in nonlinear acoustic metamaterials with multiple nonlinear resonators
Authors: Zhou Fujian , Liu Mao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Wave-wave interactions in a nonlinear metamaterial or structure with two propagating waves can induce energy exchange within the nonlinear systems. The effects of nonlinear resonators on these interactions and energy exchanges in a nonlinear acoustic metamaterial have not been extensively studied in the literature. In this paper, a nonlinear monatomic acoustic metamaterial with multiple nonlinear resonators (NMAM-MNR) is constructed to investigate the new behaviors and mechanisms introduced by these nonlinear resonators. Stability analyses reveal that stability can be tuned by adjusting the number of nonlinear resonators and by selecting different intensities or masses of the resonators and the chain. Additionally, direct numerical simulations are performed to study the novel energy exchange behaviors and mechanisms in NMAM-MNR systems. The results demonstrate that the degree and frequency of energy exchange can be tuned by altering the mass ratios, stiffness ratios, intensities, and natural frequencies of the nonlinear resonators and the chain. The influence of mass and stiffness ratios on the time taken for the B-wave magnitude to first reach its maximum value in NMAM-MNR systems is also studied, showing that the rate of energy exchange induced by wave-wave interactions can be tuned by changing the stiffness and mass ratios of multiple nonlinear resonators. These properties have potential applications in the fields of energy harvesters, waveguides, and resonant energy transfer mechanisms.
Spin dynamics of 2-DEG Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit systems: quantum propagators and semi-analytical analysis in low electron density
Authors: Bravo-Velazquez C A , Lastras-Martínez L F , Herrera-Serna D U , Martínez-Zepeda G A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The spin dynamics in space and time for Dresselhaus and Rashba spin-orbit interaction 2-DEG systems can be studied for any value of their β and α coefficients by using quantum propagators. With the development of analytical expressions for the quantum propagators and numerical solutions of the wave function, it has been possible to simulate the spin propagation in space-time and analyze the spin dynamics for different α/β ratios. In the present paper, the effects of the spin diffusion for large collision time τ

p
, was performed by using quantum propagators for different α/β ratios. It was found that the largest degree of spin polarization is achieved when ∣α∣ = ∣β∣.
Enhanced performance of GaN based VCSELs through graded electron-blocking layer design
Authors: Haider Syed Kashan , Rehman Hameed Ur , Wang Fang , Liu Yuhuai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Electron leakage from the active region to the p-type region restricts the performance of GaN-based Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs). AlGaN EBL can decrease the leakage current, but also raises the hole injection barrier and reduce the hole injection efficiency. Then, it is important to design EBL structures that can enhance both electron blocking and hole injection. In this study, VCSEL devices with three different EBL, basic structure Al0.6Ga0.4N EBL labeled as Device A, newly proposed 16 nm thick Al0.75–0.80Ga0.25–0.20N EBL labeled as Device B, and 18 nm thick Al0.75–0.80Ga0.25–0.20N EBL labeled as Device C, respectively, are designed and analyzed using PICS 3D simulation. Device A represents a basic VCSEL structure, while Device C incorporates a graded electron-blocking layer (EBL) with adjusted thickness. Through simulation results, it is observed that the introduction of a graded EBL in Device C leads to significant performance enhancements compared to the basic structure of Device A. Specifically, the graded EBL effectively reduces band bending and increases the electron barrier height, thereby improving carrier confinement and reducing electron leakage. Additionally, the utilize of a Graded structure in Device C aids in strain relief at the layout between the QB and EBL, resulting in improved electron-blocking capability and potentially enhanced hole transport characteristics. These findings underscore the importance of EBL grading in optimizing the performance of VCSELs, highlighting its potential for advancing the efficiency and functionality of these semiconductor devices. Power of the device C is being improved upto 4.16%, similarly the conduction band barrier height is improved upto 26.6% which is beneficial for better VCSEL performance as it enhances electron confinement in the active region, leading to increased efficiency and reduced carrier leakage and valance band barrier height decreases upto 6.52% and threshold current is decreased upto 4.8% so if valence band barrier height decrease the hole injection efficiency increases and if threshold current decreases the emitting power of the device increase.
Uncertainty quantification of collective nuclear observables from the chiral potential parametrization
Authors: Becker Kevin S , Launey Kristina D , Ekström Andreas , Dytrych Tomáš , Langr Daniel , Sargsyan Grigor H , Draayer Jerry P 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We perform an uncertainty estimate of quadrupole moments and B(E2) transition rates that inform nuclear collectivity. In particular, we study the low-lying states of 6Li and 12C using the ab initio symmetry-adapted no-core–shell model. For a narrow standard deviation of approximately 1% on the low-energy constants which parametrize high-precision chiral potentials, we find output standard deviations in the collective observables ranging from approximately 3%–6%. The results mark the first step towards a rigorous uncertainty quantification of collectivity in nuclei that aims to account for all sources of uncertainty in ab initio descriptions of challenging collective and clustering observables.
Comprehensive device modeling for AlGaN/GaN based Schottky barrier diodes with beveled p-GaN termination to control electric field
Authors: Gao Xuchen , Huang Fuping , Wang Zhizhong , He Jingting , Tian Kangkai , Zhang Yonghui , Chu Chunshuang , Cai Shuting , Sun Xiao Wei , Zhang Zi-Hui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this article, we have systematically investigated the impact of different structural parameters on the electrical characteristics for AlGaN/GaN based Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with beveled p-GaN termination by using TCAD simulation tools. The p-GaN termination can decrease the electric field at the Schottky contact region, thereby suppressing the electrical field magnitude in the Schottky contact region. Then, the breakdown voltage can be enhanced without remarkably sacrificing the forward conduction characteristics. However, in spite of the reduced electric field magnitude in the Schottky contact region, the electric field will possess the peak value at the edge of p-GaN termination. Therefore, the premature breakdown can occur when the electric field therein reaches critical value. Hence, we have comprehensively manipulated the electric field distributions by designing different p-GaN terminations and detailed optimization strategy for the AlGaN/GaN based Schottky barrier diodes has been conducted. Moreover, we find that the strong electric field at the p-GaN termination edge can be reduced by using beveled p-GaN termination, which can extend the electric potential into the bulk GaN region. With the developed defected-related physical models, we also find that the p-GaN termination suppress the capture and release process for the carriers by defects, which improves the dynamic characteristics for the proposed devices.
Conceptual model of electrostatic non-ionizing air filter
Authors: Chalin Dmitrii , Rochal Sergei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Many infectious diseases such as SARS-CoV-2, rhinovirus, adenovirus, and influenza are transmitted through small respiratory droplets and various filtration systems are used to reduce the risk of airborne infection. Here, we develop a conceptual model of a filter, which is based on the electrostatic deposition of air droplets potentially containing pathogens. Within the model, we explore the effect of polarization of neutral spherical droplets moving in an air flow past cylindrical electrodes. The strength of electric field they produce is low enough to eliminate corona discharge and minimize air ionization, but high enough to capture the droplets. Based on the proposed model, we calculate the filtration efficiency in a quasi-continuous approximation. Also, we conduct numerical simulations of the deposition of respiratory droplets on a compact periodic array of cylindrical electrodes located at the nodes of a square lattice. The droplets with a radius of 10–20 μm pose the greatest threat in spreading the respiratory infections, and as we demonstrate, the proposed system is very effective in capturing droplets of this size, specifically, for a filter element with a width of about 5 mm, the filtration efficiency exceeds 90%.