bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
31P magnetic resonance fingerprinting for rapid quantification of creatine kinase reaction rate in vivo
Authors: Wang Charlie Y. , Liu Yuchi , Huang Shuying , Griswold Mark A. , Seiberlich Nicole , Yu Xin 
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this work was to develop a 31P spectroscopic magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) method for fast quantification of the chemical exchange rate between phosphocreatine (PCr) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) via creatine kinase (CK).A 31P MRF sequence (CK‐MRF) was developed to quantify the forward rate constant of ATP synthesis via CK (
), the T1 relaxation time of PCr (
), and the PCr‐to‐ATP concentration ratio (
. The CK‐MRF sequence used a balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP)‐type excitation with ramped flip angles and a unique saturation scheme sensitive to the exchange between PCr and γATP. Parameter estimation was accomplished by matching the acquired signals to a dictionary generated using the Bloch‐McConnell equation. Simulation studies were performed to examine the susceptibility of the CK‐MRF method to several potential error sources. The accuracy of nonlocalized CK‐MRF measurements before and after an ischemia–reperfusion (IR) protocol was compared with the magnetization transfer (MT‐MRS) method in rat hindlimb at 9.4 T (n = 14). The reproducibility of CK‐MRF was also assessed by comparing CK‐MRF measurements with both MT‐MRS (n = 17) and four angle saturation transfer (FAST) (n = 7).Simulation results showed that CK‐MRF quantification of
was robust, with less than 5% error in the presence of model inaccuracies including dictionary resolution, metabolite T2 values, inorganic phosphate metabolism, and B1 miscalibration. Estimation of
by CK‐MRF (0.38 ± 0.02 s−1 at baseline and 0.42 ± 0.03 s−1 post‐IR) showed strong agreement with MT‐MRS (0.39 ± 0.03 s−1 at baseline and 0.44 ± 0.04 s−1 post‐IR).
estimation was also similar between CK‐MRF and FAST (0.38 ± 0.02 s−1 for CK‐MRF and 0.38 ± 0.11 s−1 for FAST). The coefficient of variation from 20 s CK‐MRF quantification of
was 42% of that by 150 s MT‐MRS acquisition and was 12% of that by 20 s FAST acquisition.This study demonstrates the potential of a 31P spectroscopic MRF framework for rapid, accurate and reproducible quantification of chemical exchange rate of CK in vivo.
Preventing physical abuse of nursing home residents‐ as seen from the nursing staff's perspective
Authors: Braaten Kjersti Lisbeth , Malmedal Wenche 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimThis study aims to capture first‐hand information from nursing home staff's own understanding regarding what they think and have experienced about prevention of physical abuse of nursing home residents and what measures they consider useful to implement in their daily work.DesignThe design is qualitative.MethodsA convenient sample of staff in three nursing homes was used and data were collected during three focus group interviews. The total number of informants was 14. Thematic content analysis was used. The data collection period was from December 2015–February 2016.ResultsAccording to the staff, several factors contribute to the prevention of physical abuse of residents in nursing homes. There is a requirement for increased competence among staff about the concept of abuse and known risk factors. Good communication skills and trusting relationships are important factors, as well as a culture that fosters openness where ethical dilemmas can be discussed.
Disturbance‐observer–based control for Markov jump systems with time‐varying delay
Authors: Gao Qian , Gao Xianwen , Qi Wenhai 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis paper deals with disturbance‐observer–based control for Markov jump systems with time‐varying delay. A disturbance observer is constructed to estimate the disturbance generated by an exogenous dynamic system. Meantime, a control scheme is proposed to guarantee the corresponding system to be stochastically stable and achieve the purpose of suppressing the corresponding disturbance. By constructing the stochastic Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional, the desired observer and the controller are designed to ensure stochastic stability of the closed‐loop system. Finally, the simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Shared temptations: An fMRI study of dishonest profit maximization
Authors: Simmank Fabian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA single case of a tempting‐decision task involving financial gain is reported. The subject showed a prosocial Social Value Orientation and applied a profit‐maximizing strategy. Differential brain activation patterns for self‐serving and other‐serving decisions were observed. Results provide new insight into the design of paradigms on bounded ethicality and self‐ and group‐serving behavior.
Acculturation‐based family conflict: A validation of Asian American Family Conflict Scale among Chinese Americans
Authors: Wu Shiyou , Wang Xiafei , Wu Qi , Zhai Fuhua , Gao Qin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAcculturation‐based family conflicts can influence parent–child relationships and children's development among immigrant families. The Asian American Family Conflict Scale (AAFCS) was developed to measure conflicting practices and values between parents and children in the context of acculturation. Given that considerable cultural and institutional changes have taken place in original countries for the Chinese immigrant population, it is important to investigate whether the factor structure of the AAFCS is appropriate for measuring the attitudes and practices of acculturation among the current Chinese immigrant population. A sample of Chinese American immigrant parents (n = 269) from the Survey of Asian American Families was employed to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The principal‐axis factoring method of EFA was used to determine the factor structure of the AAFCS, followed by the weighted least squares means and variance estimation in CFA to assess the fitness of the measurement model. A nine‐item one‐factor model (without the first item regarding decision making) was suggested by EFA with all factor loadings greater than .45. CFA results indicated a good fit of the nine‐item one‐factor model: χ2 (27, 296) = 40.24, p < .05, root‐mean‐square error of approximation = .04, 90% CI [.00, .07], comparative fit index = .99, Tucker–Lewis index = .99. The validation of the AAFCS is useful for practitioners and researchers to better assess the outcomes of acculturation conflicts among Chinese immigrants who are adjusting to living in the United States. This study can inform social work practitioners in regards to cultural sensitivity and cultural competency when working with Chinese immigrants and their U.S.‐born children.
Reporting to Improve Reproducibility and Facilitate Validity Assessment for Healthcare Database Studies V1.0
Authors: Wang Shirley V. , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Berger Marc L. , Brown Jeffrey , de Vries Frank , Douglas Ian , Gagne Joshua J. , Gini Rosa , Klungel Olaf , Mullins C. Daniel , Nguyen Michael D. , Rassen Jeremy A. , Smeeth Liam , Sturkenboom Miriam ,   on behalf of the joint ISPE‐ISPOR Special Task Force on Real World Evidence in Health Care Decision Making
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeDefining a study population and creating an analytic dataset from longitudinal healthcare databases involves many decisions. Our objective was to catalogue scientific decisions underpinning study execution that should be reported to facilitate replication and enable assessment of validity of studies conducted in large healthcare databases.MethodsWe reviewed key investigator decisions required to operate a sample of macros and software tools designed to create and analyze analytic cohorts from longitudinal streams of healthcare data. A panel of academic, regulatory, and industry experts in healthcare database analytics discussed and added to this list.ConclusionEvidence generated from large healthcare encounter and reimbursement databases is increasingly being sought by decision‐makers. Varied terminology is used around the world for the same concepts. Agreeing on terminology and which parameters from a large catalogue are the most essential to report for replicable research would improve transparency and facilitate assessment of validity. At a minimum, reporting for a database study should provide clarity regarding operational definitions for key temporal anchors and their relation to each other when creating the analytic dataset, accompanied by an attrition table and a design diagram.A substantial improvement in reproducibility, rigor and confidence in real world evidence generated from healthcare databases could be achieved with greater transparency about operational study parameters used to create analytic datasets from longitudinal healthcare databases.
Degradation of subcells and tunnel junctions during growth of GaInP/Ga(In)As/GaNAsSb/Ge 4‐junction solar cells
Authors: García Ivan , Ochoa Mario , Lombardero Iván , Cifuentes Luis , Hinojosa Manuel , Caño Pablo , Rey‐Stolle Ignacio , Algora Carlos , Johnson Andrew , Davies Iwan , Tan Kian Hua , Loke Wan Khai , Wicaksono Satrio , Yoon Soon Fatt 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA GaInP/Ga(In)As/GaNAsSb/Ge 4J solar cell grown using the combined MOVPE + MBE method is presented. This structure is used as a test bench to assess the effects caused by the integration of subcells and tunnel junctions into the full 4J structure. A significant degradation of the Ge bottom subcell emitter is observed during the growth of the GaNAsSb subcell, with a drop in the carrier collection efficiency at the high energy photon range that causes a ~15% lower Jsc and a Voc drop of ~50 mV at 1‐sun. The Voc of the GaNAsSb subcell is shown to drop by as much as ~140 mV at 1‐sun. No degradation in performance is observed in the tunnel junctions, and no further degradation is neither observed for the Ge subcell during the growth of the GaInP/Ga(In)As subcells. The hindered efficiency potential in this lattice‐matched 4J architecture due to the degradation of the Ge and GaNAsSb subcells is discussed.
Lifecycle risk assessment of a technological system using dynamic Bayesian networks
Authors: Ashrafi Maryam , Anzabi Zadeh Sadjad 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInvestigations of technological systems accidents reveal that technical, human, organizational, as well as environmental factors influence the occurrence of accidents. Despite these facts, most traditional risk assessment techniques focus on technical aspects of systems and have some limitations of incorporating efficient links between risk models and human and organizational factors. This paper presents a method for risk analysis of technological systems. Application of the presented framework makes it possible to analyze the influence of technical, human, organizational, and environmental risk factors on system safety. It encompasses system lifecycle from design to operational phase to give a comprehensive picture of system risks. The developed framework comprises the following main steps: (1) development of a conceptual risk analysis framework, (2) identifying risk influencing factors in different levels of technical, human, organizational, and environmental factors providing the possibility of analyzing interactions in a multi‐level system, (3) modeling system risk using dynamic Bayesian network (DBN), (4) assignment of probabilities and risk quantification in node probability tables (NPTs) based on industry records and experts extracted knowledge, (5) implementation of the model for wind turbines risk analysis combining use of V‐model, risk factors, and DBN in order to analyze the risk, and (6) analyzing different scenarios and the interactions in different levels. Finally, the various steps of the framework, the research objective fulfillment, and case study results are presented and discussed.
The complexities of measuring fine sediment accumulation within gravel‐bed rivers
Authors: Harper S.E. , Foster I.D.L. , Lawler D.M. , Mathers K.L. , McKenzie M. , Petts G.E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFine sediment storage within gravel beds is a key component of catchment sediment budgets and affects the health of benthic and hyporheic habitats. Here, we assess the performance of two substrate infiltration traps for the characterization of fine sediment (<2 mm) accumulation. One design, the vertically extending sediment trap, permits both lateral and vertical exchange in the sediment column, whereas the second type, a more traditional fixed‐area sediment trap with impermeable side walls, permits only vertical exchange. Traps were deployed at three sites on the River Tame, Birmingham (UK), over varying installation periods (14–401 days). Results indicate that the facilitation of multiple pathways of exchange within the vertically extending sediment traps (vertical and lateral) resulted in a significantly greater amount of fine sediment being accumulated than in adjacent fixed‐area sediment traps. This suggests that lateral transport is an important component contributing to fine sediment accumulation. However, there are notable and inherent problems associated with the use of different types of sediment trap and in the way the data should be presented and interpreted. This paper discusses the practical implications of the study findings and reflects on the complexities of undertaking accurate sediment deposition measurements in the field.
Mimicry in butterflies: co‐option and a bag of magnificent developmental genetic tricks
Authors: Deshmukh Riddhi , Baral Saurav , Gandhimathi A. , Kuwalekar Muktai , Kunte Krushnamegh 
Published: September 2017

Butterfly wing patterns are key adaptations that are controlled by remarkable developmental and genetic mechanisms that facilitate rapid evolutionary change. With swift advancements in the fields of genomics and genetic manipulations, identifying the regulators of wing development and mimetic wing patterns has become feasible even in nonmodel organisms such as butterflies. Recent mapping and gene expression studies have identified single switch loci of major effects such as transcription factors and supergenes as the main drivers of adaptive evolution of mimetic and polymorphic butterfly wing patterns. We highlight several of these examples, with emphasis on doublesex, optix, WntA and other dynamic, yet essential, master regulators that control critical color variation and sex‐specific traits. Co‐option emerges as a predominant theme, where typically embryonic and other early‐stage developmental genes and networks have been rewired to regulate polymorphic and sex‐limited mimetic wing patterns in iconic butterfly adaptations. Drawing comparisons from our knowledge of wing development in Drosophila, we illustrate the functional space of genes that have been recruited to regulate butterfly wing patterns. We also propose a developmental pathway that potentially results in dorsoventral mismatch in butterfly wing patterns. Such dorsoventrally mismatched color patterns modulate signal components of butterfly wings that are used in intra‐ and inter‐specific communication. Recent advances—fuelled by RNAi‐mediated knockdowns and CRISPR/Cas9‐based genomic edits—in the developmental genetics of butterfly wing patterns, and the underlying biological diversity and complexity of wing coloration, are pushing butterflies as an emerging model system in ecological genetics and evolutionary developmental biology. WIREs Dev Biol 2018, 7:e291. doi: 10.1002/wdev.291This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms
Comparative Development and Evolution > Regulation of Organ Diversity
Comparative Development and Evolution > Evolutionary Novelties
An upgraded external beam PIXE setup for multielemental analysis of atmospheric aerosol samples
Authors: Xu M. , Chu Y.J. , Wang G.F. , Qiu M.L. , Zheng L. 
Published: September 2017

The external beam particle‐induced X‐ray emission (PIXE) setup has been upgraded by introducing a new silicon drift detector with the aim of obtaining better minimum detection limits (MDLs) at the 2 × 1.7 MV Tandetron accelerator of the Beijing Normal University in China. The upgraded external beam PIXE setup is equipped with two silicon drift detectors for PIXE analysis of low and high Z elements. A surface barrier detector for Rutherford backscattering spectrometry monitors beam and helium flow. Two kinds of aerosol filter samples (quartz fiber filters and Teflon filters) were studied. A 200‐μm thick Mylar absorber in front of the medium‐high energy X‐rays detector was adopted, and it got the best MDLs for atmospheric aerosol samples analysis. Multielemental analysis of quartz fiber filter aerosol samples was achieved. For more accurate and better MDLs of low Z elements in PIXE analysis, it is necessary to keep sufficient helium flow behind the thin samples.
Introduction: A Strange Eventful History
Authors: Hilton Claire 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn January 1965, Barbara Robb visited seventy-three-year-old Amy Gibbs, a patient on a back ward at Friern psychiatric hospital in North London. There, Barbara stepped into the murky, hardly shifting territory of older people’s long-stay care. Shocked by what she saw, such as harshness from nurses and the patients’ uniform haircuts, institutional clothing and lack of personal possessions and occupation, Barbara set out to make improvements. Her campaign triggered a series of scandals about psychiatric hospitals, ultimately resulting in change in National Health Service (NHS) policy and practice. This chapter outlines the historical context of Barbara’s campaign, at a time when consumer rights, equality, social justice and the quality of healthcare were among public concerns adopted by new pressure groups.
Barbara Robb, Amy Gibbs and the ‘Diary of a Nobody’
Authors: Hilton Claire 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
‘Mrs Robb has always been a terrible danger’ to the government, a fine tribute from a Cabinet Minister. How did she build such a fearsome reputation? What was her background? How did she acquire her skills? What made her take on the cause of older people in hospitals? How did she cope with NHS bureaucracy? This chapter illuminates aspects of Barbara’s background and personality that motivated her and sustained her in her campaign. It also introduces Amy Gibbs and the ‘Diary of a Nobody’, Barbara’s visit-by-visit record of her experiences at Friern that underpinned her campaign. Early events of the campaign included Barbara’s meeting with Dr Tooth at the Ministry of Health and Lord Strabolgi’s passionate and provocative speech in the House of Lords.
Establishing AEGIS and Writing Sans Everything: ‘The Case’ and ‘Some Answers’
Authors: Hilton Claire 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In October 1965 Barbara established AEGIS (Aid for the Elderly in Government Institutions). AEGIS, became a high-profile pressure group. It aimed to call public attention to serious defects in the care of older patients in psychiatric hospitals. AEGIS won the support of policy experts, such as Brian Abel-Smith. Barbara compiled the book Sans Everything, incorporating accounts of poor practice from whistle-blowers who were mainly hands-on staff and new to a hospital. Sans Everything also suggested remedies, including dedicated and proactive psychiatric services for older people, a hospitals' inspectorate, an ombudsman and improved complaints procedures. AEGIS planned tactically, aiming to kick-start the Ministry out of its complacency. This chapter also explores comparisons made by Sans Everything contributors between psychiatric hospital long-stay wards and Nazi concentration camps.
Reprinted Before Publication: Plotting a Route for Sans Everything
Authors: Hilton Claire 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Barbara enthused journalists to publicise AEGIS’s concerns, to enlighten the public and to pave the way for Sans Everything. In early 1967, the Ministry began to prepare for the outburst of public opinion which it predicted would follow publication. The Ministry prioritised protecting staff against criticism, rather than safeguarding patients from poor care, and fumbled over establishing appropriate inquiry processes. Directly related to Sans Everything, unrest surfaced among staff in other hospitals, such as at Ely in Cardiff, from where a nursing assistant wrote to the News of the World describing similar conditions. The newspaper forwarded his report to the Ministry. Overall, the press supported AEGIS and criticised the Ministry and the NHS leadership, which continued to defend hospital standards.
Then and Now: Concluding Remarks
Authors: Hilton Claire 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The concluding remarks draw together aspects of AEGIS’s campaign and Barbara’s work, the role of women in the campaign, the last years of Barbara’s life, and AEGIS’s legacy for twenty-first century health and social care policy and practice. Inadequate care still occurs in the twenty-first century, but recurrence of scandal does not invalidate Barbara’s achievements, or those of other pioneer social reformers: William Wilberforce, for example, would be busy today, dealing with modern slavery and people trafficking. Some risky patterns of NHS practice continue: understaffing and regimented monitoring of task-driven rather than person-centred practice is common, and staff new to a hospital are rarely asked for feedback about their experiences and insights, which, seen through a ‘new pair of eyes’, may be valuable.
Perinatal deficiency in dietary omega‐3 fatty acids potentiates sucrose reward and diet‐induced obesity in mice
Authors: Auguste Stéphanie , Sharma Sandeep , Fisette Alexandre , Fernandes Maria F , Daneault Caroline , Des Rosiers Christine , Fulton Stephanie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInsufficient dietary intake of essential omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (N‐3), especially during critical stages of development, is well‐associated with negative neurological and metabolic consequences. The increased availability and intake of foods rich in saturated fat coincides with reduced N‐3 consumption, yet how N‐3 dietary deficiency during perinatal development modulates motivation for palatable food and interacts with a high‐fat diet to affect body weight and emotional states is not clear. Pregnant C57Bl6 mice and pups were subjected to diets either deficient or adequate (control) in N‐3 until postnatal day 21. Adult male N‐3 deficient or control offspring were tested in a progressive ratio operant task for sucrose motivated behavior or given prolonged access to a saturated high‐fat diet or chow followed by measures of energy balance and anxiety‐like behavior in the elevated‐plus maze and open field test. Brain fatty acid profiles were measured via gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Perinatal dietary N‐3 deficiency lowered brain N‐3 levels, augmented the rewarding effects of sucrose, heightened diet‐induced weight gain and fat mass accumulation and diminished spontaneous physical activity. Finally, perinatal N‐3 deficiency increased anxiety‐like behaviour independent of diet in the open field but not in the elevated‐plus maze test. Insufficient dietary N‐3 during critical periods of developmental can amplify the obesogenic effects of saturated fat intake, enhance motivated behaviour for palatable foods and may elicit negative emotional states that can perpetuate overeating and obesity.