bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Megállapítási és marasztalási perek összehasonlítása, megállapítási keresetek speciális feltételei
Authors: Kiss Szilvia 
Published: June 2017

For the first, I think that it is necessary to make clear what action is.
The action the application to the proposal of which the half interested in the debate is entitled and the court passes judgement on it. Bringing an action to the court is the prerequisite of the setting in motion of the civil action procedure.
The plaintiff asks it for the restoration of his violated subjective right practically in the action of detaining to oblige the defendant. The object of the action of detaining the claim originating from the violated subjective right, the controversial material legal contractual relationship, his content though the plaintiff’s application, that let the court oblige it defendant onto a particular activity, abstaining from it.
Basic rule: action of detaining expired in case of claims only enforceable. The action of assessment in so much action of detaining, that it positively aims at the court establishing it for the plaintiff’s right and the existence of the defendant’s asking to stay being mentioned.
It being possible to initiate action of assessments has two conditions conjunctive: the legal defence for the claim of his necessity and the impossibility of the vindication. The content and the consequences of the action of assessment considering too narrower than the action of detaining.
The plaintiff’s aim in the action of assessment, that the court clears up whether one of the contractual relationships exist with a judgement or not, it does not claim him accomplishing a defendant’s active behaviour beyond this. The deficiency of the execution follows from this, the giving onto an end which can be grown in the part of a judgement saying detaining in the legal charge only.
Verifiable, that the action of assessment independent legal defence device quality actions. Categorically cannot be declared, if action of detaining possible, assessment one is not eligible. The clarification of the situation and correcting him wait for the legislator however.
Alkotmányozási eljárások Magyarországon (1989-2011)
Authors: Balogh Éva 
Published: June 2017

In my research paper I study the Hungarian constitutional processes. The subjects of my analysis are three periods, namely the change of the political system in 1989, the constitutional attempts from 1994 to 1998, and the constitutional process between 2010 and 2011.
The processes are examined on the basis of the two notions: “legality” and “legitimacy”. Under the concept “formal legality”, I mean the legal validity of the constitutional process; i.e. whether the constitutional process takes place in accordance with the current legislation. The concept of “legitimacy” has two aspects. On the one hand, empirical legitimacy investigates whether the citizens de facto accept the constitution and value it as respectable independently of the normative motives of its acceptance. On the other hand, normative legitimacy examines whether the constitution is based on justifiable principles and whether it might be considered as legally binding.
The constitutional process in 1989 - aimed at establishing a democratic transition – took place within round-table discussions of the representatives of the old system and the strengthened opposition. As a result of the radical changes, the democratic Constitution was established in Hungary and the multi-party system also developed. The outcome of the discussions was the general supervision of the Constitution. Formally, there was only an amendment to the Constitution in 1989; however, as regard its content, a completely new norm was established.
Since the change of the political system in 1989, the idea of creating a new constitution emerges again and again in the Hungarian public life. In the course of the elections in 2010, a party alliance (in which both parties represented the same political line) reached the required two-thirds majority in the Parliament, and aimed at establishing a new constitution. The result of the constitutional process is a completely new constitution (both the form and the content of the previous constitution were changed).
All things considered, it can be stated that the amendment to the Constitution in 1989 was accepted lawfully by the Parliament of the old system, i.e. the constitutional process was legal, and in a normative sense, a legitimate Constitution was created. In 2011, the Fundamental Law of Hungary (Hungarian: Magyarország Alaptörvénye) was adopted on the basis of the procedure determined by the Constitution in 1989, i.e. the constitutional process was legal, though; the present research paper highlights some elements of the constitutional process that might be criticized. At present, the legitimacy of the Fundamental Law of Hungary is controversial from both sociological and normative perspectives.
privátszféra polgári jogi védelmének alapkérdései
Authors: Fézer Tamás 
Published: June 2017

Privacy has become a hot topic in personality rights protection in the 21st century all over the world. Classic personality rights did not cover all aspects of modern privacy law and the lack of an exhaustive list for personality rights also left many questions unanswered. The right to privacy is hard to define and it is even more difficult to identify the limits of this sensitive right. Our goal is to analyze various definitive attempts to privacy and synthetize them with actual judicial practice in order to get closer to what privacy law truly covers in modern jurisdictions. Even if brand new challenges arise almost every day, privacy remains a powerful instrument to provide autonomy to individuals and sometimes to legal entities.
Considerations on legal remedies in Romanian civil proceedings
Authors: Roᶊu Claudia 
Published: June 2017

In the system of the Romanian Code of Civil Procedure the legal remedies that can be exercised against judgements are: the appeal, the second appeal, the appeal for legal contest in annulment and review. The appeal is the only ordinary remedy, while all the others are classified as extraordinary remedies.
The reasons for which the legal remedies may be exercised vary depending on this qualification, which means that the appeal is applicable for any dissatisfaction of the parties, whereas the second appeal, the legal contest in annulment and the review may be exercised only for reasons explicitly defined by the law.
The extraordinary legal remedies cannot be exercised as long as one may lodge an appeal.
A legal remedy can be exercised against one judgement only once, if the law provides the same term of exercising the legal remedies for all existing grounds on the date of declaring that specific remedy.
The judgement is subject only to the remedies provided by the law, under the respective terms and conditions, regardless of the particulars of its statement of reasons.
A köztársasági elnöki kegyelem a büntetőjog szempontjából
Authors: Hadházi Dávid 
Published: June 2017

The individual pardon, exercised by the President of the Republic, has recently become the centre of attention in the media and among the lawyers in context of life imprisonment without parole eligibility. This prompts me to investigate the presidential pardon in this article.
I am dealing with the origins and the standardization of pardon, then I move on to the conditions and criteria the Head of State can take into consideration when making the decision. Afterwards, I am presenting some statistics.
The power of pardon is stipulated by the Fundamental Law of Hungary, and the specific rules can be found in the Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Act and the Punishment Executive Act.
I am focusing on the last one, in which the Government and the Parliament have redressed the problems of life sentence, regarding human rights, with a compulsory procedure of pardon, thus giving the convict the hope of being released from prison. However, this solution raises a few questions, so arguments can be made both for and against it.
Storage of Nitrous Oxide (NOx) in Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas using Alumina-Based Catalysts: Preparation, Characterization, and Testing
Authors: Alsobaai A. 
Published: June 2017

This work investigated the nitrous oxide (NOx) storage process using alumina-based catalysts (K2 O/Al2 O3 , CaO/Al2 O3, and BaO/Al2 O3 ). The feed was a synthetic exhaust gas containing 1,000 ppm of nitrogen monoxide (NO), 1,000 ppm i-C4 H10 , and an 8% O2 and N2 balance. The catalyst was carried out at temperatures between 250–450°C and a contact time of 20 minutes. It was found that NOx was effectively adsorbed in the presence of oxygen. The NOx storage capacity of K2 O/Al2 O3 was higher than that of BaO/Al2 O3. The NOx storage capacity for K2 O/Al2 O3 decreased with increasing temperature and achieved a maximum at 250°C. Potassium loading higher than 15% in the catalyst negatively affected the morphological properties. The combination of Ba and K loading in the catalyst led to an improvement in the catalytic activity compared to its single metal catalysts. As a conclusion, mixed metal oxide was a potential catalyst for de-NOx process in meeting the stringent diesel engine exhaust emissions regulations. The catalysts were characterized by a number of techniques and measurements, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron affinity (EA), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunner-Emmett-Teller (BET) to measure surface area, and pore volume and pore size distribution assessments.
GENÉTICA, BIOTECNOLOGÍA Y DERECHO PENAL EN EL MARCO DE LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS
Authors: (Universidad de Salamanca) Luis Enrique Gómez-Ojero y Martínez 
Published: June 2017

Ya en el año 2.003, con gran y acertada previsión, advertía la propia UNESCO en el preámbulo de la Declaración Internacional sobre los Datos Genéticos Humanos que “los datos genéticos humanos son singulares por su condición de datos sensibles, toda vez que pueden indicar predisposiciones genéticas de los individuos y que esa capacidad predictiva puede ser mayor de lo que se supone en el momento de obtenerlos; pueden tener para la familia, incluyendo la descendencia, y a veces para todo el grupo, consecuencias importantes que persistan durante generaciones; así como…pueden ser importantes desde el punto de vista cultural para personas o grupos”. El preámbulo añade, de una parte, en pos de la Libertad de Ciencia, que “la recolección, el tratamiento, la utilización y la conservación de los datos genéticos humanos tienen una importancia primordial para el progreso de las ciencias..” y de otra, advierte que ello “puede entrañar riesgos para el ejercicio y la observancia de los derechos humanos y las libertades fundamentales y para el respeto de la dignidad humana”. La relevancia del argumento aquí tratado, a distancia de 13 años después, queda ratificada por el preámbulo de la nueva Directiva 2.016/680, cuando, aludiendo a los efectos de la globalización declara que “la rápida evolución tecnológica y la globalización han planteado nuevos retos en el ámbito de la protección de los datos personales. Se ha incrementado de manera significativa la magnitud de la recogida y del intercambio de datos personales. La tecnología permite el tratamiento de los datos personales en una escala sin precedentes para la realización de actividades como la prevención, la investigación, la detección o el enjuiciamiento de infracciones penales o la ejecución de sanciones penales”.
Development of the Work-Related Well-Being Questionnaire Based on Seligman’s PERMA Model
Authors: Kun Ágota , Balogh Péter , Krasz Katalin Gerákné 
Published: June 2017

Drawing on recent research on determinants of subjective well-being, we developed and conducted a pilot study of an employee well-being questionnaire using M. Seligman’s (2011) multidimensional PERMA model (Positive emotion, Engagement, positive Relationships, Meaning, and Accomplishment) model. Employees (N = 397) from postgraduate courses at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) completed a survey including 56 items which were theoretically relevant to the PERMA theory. Factor analyses recovered the expected five PERMA components and a negative emotion factor. Based on factor and reliability analyses, we reduced the 56 PERMA items to 35 items. Our results support the multidimensional approach to defining and measuring multidimensional well-being. A multidimensional well-being assessment may be useful for understanding employees’ well-being, which can then be applied when developing policy and practice to increase well-being for all employees at work.
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): A “No Smoking” Zone for Giant Elliptical Galaxies?
Authors: Khosroshahi Habib G. , Raouf Mojtaba , Miraghaei Halime , Brough Sarah , Croton Darren J. , Driver Simon , Graham Alister , Baldry Ivan , Brown Michael , Prescott Matt , Wang Lingyu 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We study the radio emission of the most massive galaxies in a sample of dynamically relaxed and unrelaxed galaxy groups from the Galaxy and Mass Assembly survey. The dynamical state of the group is defined by the stellar dominance of the brightest group galaxy (BGG), e.g., the luminosity gap between the two most luminous members, and the offset between the position of the BGG and the luminosity centroid of the group. We find that the radio luminosity of the largest galaxy in the group strongly depends on its environment, such that the BGGs in dynamically young (evolving) groups are an order of magnitude more luminous in the radio than those with a similar stellar mass but residing in dynamically old (relaxed) groups. This observation has been successfully reproduced by a newly developed semi-analytic model that allows us to explore the various causes of these findings. We find that the fraction of radio-loud BGGs in the observed dynamically young groups is ∼2 times that of the dynamically old groups. We discuss the implications of this observational constraint on the central galaxy properties in the context of galaxy mergers and the super massive black hole accretion rate.
The Peculiar Multiwavelength Evolution Of V1535 Sco
Authors: Linford J. D. , Chomiuk L. , Nelson T. , Finzell T. , Walter F. M. , Sokoloski J. L. , Mukai K. , Mioduszewski A. J. , van der Horst A. J. , Weston J. H. S. , Rupen M. P. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We present multiwavelength observations of the unusual nova V1535 Sco throughout its outburst in 2015. Early radio observations were consistent with synchrotron emission, and early X-ray observations revealed the presence of high-energy (>1 keV) photons. These indicated that strong shocks were present during the first ∼2 weeks of the nova's evolution. The radio spectral energy distribution was consistent with thermal emission from week 2 to week 6. Starting in week 7, the radio emission again showed evidence of synchrotron emission, and there was an increase in X-ray emission, indicating a second shock event. The optical spectra show evidence of at least two separate outflows, with the faster outflow possibly having a bipolar morphology. The optical and near-infrared light curves and the X-ray

measurements indicated that the companion star is likely a K giant.
Black Hole Growth Is Mainly Linked to Host-galaxy Stellar Mass Rather Than Star Formation Rate
Authors: Yang G. , Chen C.-T. J. , Vito F. , Brandt W. N. , Alexander D. M. , Luo B. , Sun M. Y. , Xue Y. Q. , Bauer F. E. , Koekemoer A. M. , Lehmer B. D. , Liu T. , Schneider D. P. , Shemmer O. , Trump J. R. , Vignali C. , Wang J.-X. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We investigate the dependence of black hole accretion rate (BHAR) on host-galaxy star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass (M
*) in the CANDELS/GOODS-South field in the redshift range of

. Our sample consists of

galaxies, allowing us to probe galaxies with

and/or

. We use sample-mean BHAR to approximate long-term average BHAR. Our sample-mean BHARs are derived from the Chandra Deep Field-South 7 Ms observations, while the SFRs and M
* have been estimated by the CANDELS team through spectral energy distribution fitting. The average BHAR is correlated positively with both SFR and M
*, and the BHAR–SFR and BHAR–M
* relations can both be described acceptably by linear models with a slope of unity. However, BHAR appears to be correlated more strongly with M
* than SFR. This result indicates that M
* is the primary host-galaxy property related to supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth, and the apparent BHAR–SFR relation is largely a secondary effect due to the star-forming main sequence. Among our sources, massive galaxies (

) have significantly higher BHAR/SFR ratios than less massive galaxies, indicating that the former have higher SMBH fueling efficiency and/or higher SMBH occupation fraction than the latter. Our results can naturally explain the observed proportionality between

and M
* for local giant ellipticals and suggest that their

is higher than that of local star-forming galaxies. Among local star-forming galaxies, massive systems might have higher

compared to dwarfs.
Hector Denis (1842-1913) : la politique comme sociologie appliquée ?
Authors: Wagnon Sylvain 
Published: June 2017

Docteur en droit et en sciences naturelles, Hector Denis (1842-1913) fut non seulement sociologue, recteur de l’Université libre de Bruxelles, co-directeur de l’Institut des sciences sociales crée par Ernest Solvay mais aussi un parlementaire socialiste pendant plus de 20 ans. Disciple assumé de Proudhon et d’Auguste Comte, comment Hector Denis entend-il résoudre le paradoxe épistémologique et politique d’être à la fois un continuateur de l’œuvre d’Adolphe Quételet et un socialiste révolutionnaire ? À partir de ses écrits et de sa correspondance, nous voudrions comprendre ses positionnements, analyser en quoi la sociologie est pour Hector Denis un combat politique, un moyen de lutte pour l’émancipation humaine afin d’établir si son itinéraire est singulier ou permet-il de définir une image de la sociologie belge de la fin du XIX e siècle et du début du XX e siècle.
La question de la loi dans les thérapies d’enfants maltraités
Authors: de Becker Emmanuel 
Published: June 2017

Toute transgression bouleverse les repères internes de la jeune victime. Soyons conscients que les effets de l’événement, surtout si celui-ci a été répété et perpétré par un membre de la famille, peuvent de manière durable, voire irréversible, porter atteinte à l’identité de l’enfant. Plus celui-ci tait la transgression, garde le secret dans un lien duel toxique, plus la destructivité de l’agression sera grande ; l’instance d’autorité morale n’est pas épargnée. A la lumière de trois vignettes cliniques, l’auteur propose de rappeler les bases et les éléments constitutifs du jugement moral chez l’enfant. Sera ensuite développée la question de la loi lors des rencontres thérapeutiques avec la jeune victime. L’attention sera portée sur quelques paramètres qui influenceront l’impact traumatique centralement sur l’instance surmoïque. Quatre axes de recommandation seront ensuite proposés dans la perspective de soutenir l’enfant dans une ré-élaboration d’une instance d’autorité morale.
Génétique des textes et génétique des cycles : pourquoi changer d’échelle ?
Authors: Lumbroso Olivier 
Published: June 2017

Cet article propose à la génétique des textes de réfléchir à l’étude des grands corpus manuscrits, concaténés et discontinus, laissés au cours de la genèse des « œuvres-monde » telles que les cycles, les séries et les romans-fleuves, entre le xixe et le xxie siècle, de Balzac à Daniel de Roulet, en passant par Zola et Martin du Gard. Le spectacle de la création étendue d’un grand ensemble, supposant des changements de taille et de forme, une élasticité de l’espace-temps de l’écriture, des circuits d’édition variés, ou encore une invention soumise aux spasmes de l’Histoire, ne suppose-t-il pas des problématisations nouvelles dans le domaine des études de genèse ? Quels concepts, démarches et méthodes sont-ils appropriés à ce changement d’échelle qui ouvre le champ des analyses macrogénétiques des corpus massifs ? Le défi de l’envergure artistique ouvre des réflexions inédites sur le genre cyclique, ses héritages, ses imaginaires et ses ruptures novatrices. Il suppose aussi un nouveau regard sur la périodisation diachronique et historique, sur l’unité et la dislocation formelles des œuvres de fiction, sur le biographique et l’histoire culturelle. Les quelques propositions relatives à l’échelle cyclique, à l’autopoïétique, à la réflexivité esthétique, au projet panoptique et à sa révision identifient des aspects qui pourraient être pris en compte par le chantier nouveau de la génétique du cycle.
Contingent convertible bonds as countercyclical capital measures
Authors: Liebenberg Francois , Van Vuuren Gary , Heymans Andre 
Published: June 2017

Background: The procyclical nature of capital models under the Basel II Accord has been widely criticised for exacerbating lending in economic expansions and restricting lending during economic contractions. These criticisms have led regulators to employ countercyclical measures in subsequent Basel accords. One of these measures, the countercyclical capital buffer (CCB), has been proposed as an effective countercyclical measure in expansionary periods as a deterrent to excessive lending through increased bank capital requirements.Aim: The effectiveness of the CCB during contractions is not obvious. Contingent convertible (CoCo) bonds – which are bond-like until triggered by a deterioration of a prescribed capital metric, at which point they convert into a form of equity – are explored as a supplementary countercyclical capital measure for such periods to establish whether or not they function effectively.Setting: The analysis is undertaken using global bank CoCo data, and then applied to South African banks.Methods: The Hodrick Prescott filter was applied to empirical historical data.Results: The CCB functions as a good countercyclical capital measure in times of economic expansion by absorbing losses and stabilising the capital base through equity issuance.Conclusion: The issuance of CoCo bonds – if their trigger mechanisms are designed correctly – may prove helpful to banks and the broader financial sector in times of economic contraction through the countercyclical capital properties that manifest through CoCo bonds under these economic conditions.