bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Neural Basis of Motivational Influences on Cognitive Control
Authors: Parro Cameron , Dixon Matthew L , Christoff Kalina 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCognitive control mechanisms support the deliberate regulation of thought and behavior based on current goals. Recent work suggests that motivational incentives improve cognitive control, and has begun to elucidate the brain regions that may support this effect. Here, we conducted a quantitative meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of motivated cognitive control using activation likelihood estimation (ALE) and Neurosynth in order to delineate the brain regions that are consistently activated across studies. The analysis included functional neuroimaging studies that investigated changes in brain activation during cognitive control tasks when reward incentives were present versus absent. The ALE analysis revealed consistent recruitment in regions associated with the frontoparietal control network including the inferior frontal sulcus (IFS) and intraparietal sulcus (IPS), as well as consistent recruitment in regions associated with the salience network including the anterior insula and anterior mid-cingulate cortex (aMCC). A large-scale exploratory meta-analysis using Neurosynth replicated the ALE results, and also identified the caudate nucleus, nucleus accumbens, medial thalamus, inferior frontal junction/premotor cortex (IFJ/PMC), and hippocampus. Finally, we conducted separate ALE analyses to compare recruitment during cue and target periods, which tap into proactive engagement of rule-outcome associations, and the mobilization of appropriate viscero-motor states to execute a response, respectively. We found that largely distinct sets of brain regions are recruited during cue and target periods. Altogether, these findings suggest that flexible interactions between frontoparietal, salience, and dopaminergic midbrain-striatal networks may allow control demands to be precisely tailored based on expected value.
Distinct projection patterns of different classes of layer 2 principal neurons in the olfactory cortex
Authors: Mazo Camille , Grimaud Julien , Murthy Venkatesh N. , Lau C. Geoffrey 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTProcessing of olfactory information in the anterior piriform cortex (APC) is widely thought to be non-topographic due to distributed projections from the olfactory bulb (OB). Layer 2 principal neurons in the APC can be divided into 2 subtypes: semilunar (SL) and superficial pyramidal (SP) cells. Although it is known that SL and SP cells receive differential inputs from the OB, little is known about their projection pattern to downstream structures, such as the posterior piriform cortex (PPC). Here we examined feedforward and feedback axonal projections of SL and SP cells using a combination of mouse genetics, and retrograde labeling. Retrograde tracing from the OB or PPC showed that the APC projects to these higher and lower brain regions mainly through layer 2b cells, while dual-labeling revealed a sizeable fraction of cells extending collaterals to both target regions. Furthermore, a transgenic mouse line specifically labeling SL cells showed that they send profuse axonal projections to olfactory cortical areas, but not to the OB. These findings support a model in which information flow from SL to SP cells and back to the OB forms a hierarchical feedback circuit whereas the two cell types process recurrent and feedforward information in a parallel manner.
Cooperative nucleotide binding in Hsp90 and the underlying mechanisms
Authors: Wortmann Philipp , Goötz Markus , Hugel Thorsten 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe function of the molecular chaperone Hsp90 depends on large conformational changes, rearrangement of local motifs, as well as the binding and hydrolysis of ATP. The complexity of the Hsp90 system impedes the detailed investigation of their interplay using standard methods. By the application of three-color single molecule FRET to Hsp90 and a reporter nucleotide, we directly observe cooperativity between the two nucleotide binding pockets in the protein dimer. Through allocating the microscopic states and extracting their kinetics, we identify the mechanisms underlying the cooperativity. Surprisingly, nucleotide binding affects several state transitions, which demonstrates the complexity of cooperativity in protein systems. The co-chaperone Aha1, known to accelerate Hsp90's ATPase activity, adds another layer of complexity by affecting transitions in a nucleotide-dependent and -independent manner.
Visualising “junkies” and “meth heads” – a visual analysis of the persistent negative reputation of heroin and meth users
Authors: Scheibe Lisa 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the persistent negative reputation of two particular types of drug users, the so-called heroin junkie and the meth head. The visual portrayal of both kinds of users in the media has been consistent in the last decades. Inspired by films and anti-drug campaigns, stereotypical ideas about heroin and meth users dominate the visual portrayals. Existing research has already shown that this standardised picture is not applicable uniformly. Nevertheless, the important role of the visual element for constituting beliefs about drug use and users is lacking in the current drug research. Therefore, this work focusses on the visual element of the drug discourse.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of the British movieTrainspotting, and the two American campaigns Faces of Meth and Montana Meth Project the visual representation of heroin and meth users is discussed. With the help of a visual discourse analysis this research discloses the particularities of every image.FindingsThe current visual portrayal of heroin and meth users stigmatises them as deviant and unhealthy. This single-sided perspective labels all users, without acknowledging different patterns of use. Counterexamples obtained through existing research do not support this uniformly applied stereotypical representation. The persistent negative reputation mediates inaccurate knowledge about drug use, with harmful consequences for the users, and harm-reduction work.Originality/valueDrug research has not been focussing enough on the visual element of the drug discourse. This research intends to close the existing gap and emphasise the possible harmful consequences produced by such visuality.
The effects of a lean transition on process times, patients and employees
Authors: Simons Pascale , Backes Huub , Bergs Jochen , Emans Davy , Johannesma Madelon , Jacobs Maria , Marneffe Wim , Vandijck Dominique 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Treatment delays must be avoided, especially in oncology, to assure sustainable high-quality health care and increase the odds of survival. The purpose of this paper is to hypothesize that waiting times would decrease and patients and employees would benefit, when specific lean interventions are incorporated in an organizational improvement approach.

Design/methodology/approach
In 2013, 15 lean interventions were initiated to improve flow in a single radiotherapy institute. Process/waiting times, patient satisfaction, safety, employee satisfaction, and absenteeism were evaluated using a mixed methods methodology (2010-2014). Data from databases, surveys, and interviews were analyzed by time series analysis, χ2, multi-level regression, and t-tests.

Findings
Median waiting/process times improved from 20.2 days in 2012 to 16.3 days in 2014 (p<0.001). The percentage of palliative patients for which waiting times had exceeded Dutch national norms (ten days) improved from 35 (six months in 2012: pre-intervention) to 16 percent (six months in 2013-2014: post-intervention; p<0.01), and the percentage exceeding national objectives (seven days) from 22 to 17 percent (p=0.44). For curative patients, exceeding of norms (28 days) improved from 17 (2012) to 8 percent (2013-2014: p=0.05), and for the objectives (21 days) from 18 to 10 percent (p<0.01). Reported safety incidents decreased 47 percent from 2009 to 2014, whereas safety culture, awareness, and intention to solve problems improved. Employee satisfaction improved slightly, and absenteeism decreased from 4.6 (2010) to 2.7 percent (2014; p<0.001).

Originality/value
Combining specific lean interventions with an organizational improvement approach improved waiting times, patient safety, employee satisfaction, and absenteeism on the short term. Continuing evaluation of effects should study the improvements sustainability.
Observational skills: eye-openers for innovation
Authors: Gilmore James 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Observational tools offer the means to introduce new techniques into an organization, to skill individuals in new and different ways of seeing innovation possibilities.

Design/methodology/approach
The Six Looking Glasses method is a tool designed to improve observational skills, using a distinct set of “lenses.” The tool offers a set of perspectives for making insights about the operating environment, which employed repeatedly can enhance observational skills.

Findings
A key lesson to be learned from these three pivotal points in Starbucks’ history is: recognize that observation is the fountainhead from which any and all innovation takes place.

Practical implications
Much talk of innovation, with too little skilled observation, usually remains just talk.””

Originality/value
All strategy and leadership depends on seeing the world as it truly is and imagining its most opportune possibilities and its serious risks. To innovate in this operating environment – its broader culture, its immediate business circumstances and those within its own company – requires the very best observational skills. The Six Looking Glasses provide a good start toward fulfilling that need.
Topics in histopathology of sweat gland and sebaceous neoplasms
Authors: Ansai Shin‐ichi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article reviews several topics regarding sweat gland and sebaceous neoplasms. First, the clinicopathological characteristics of poroid neoplasms are summarized. It was recently reported that one‐fourth of poroid neoplasms are composite tumors and one‐fourth are apocrine type lesions. Recent progress in the immunohistochemical diagnosis of sweat gland neoplasms is also reviewed. CD117 can help to distinguish sweat gland or sebaceous tumors from other non‐Merkel cell epithelial tumors of the skin. For immunohistochemical differential diagnosis between sweat gland carcinoma (SGC) other than primary cutanesous apocrine carcinoma and skin metastasis of breast carcinoma (SMBC), a panel of antibodies may be useful, including p63 (SGC+, SMBC−), CK5/6 (SGC+, SMBC−), podoplanin (SGC+, SMBC−) and mammaglobin (SGC−, SMBC+). Comparison of antibodies used for immunohistochemical diagnosis of sebaceous carcinoma (SC) suggests that adipophilin has the highest sensitivity and specificity. Some authors have found that immunostaining for survivin, androgen receptor and ZEB2/SIP1 has prognostic value for ocular SC, but not extraocular SC. In situ SC is rare, especially extraocular SC, but there have been several recent reports that actinic keratosis and Bowen's disease are the source of invasive SC. Finally, based on recent reports, classification of sebaceous neoplasms into three categories is proposed, which are sebaceoma (a benign neoplasm with well‐defined architecture and no atypia), borderline sebaceous neoplasm (low‐grade SC; an intermediate tumor with well‐defined architecture and nuclear atypia) and SC (a malignant tumor with invasive growth and evident nuclear atypia).
What is new in the histogenesis of granulomatous skin diseases?
Authors: Asai Jun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA granuloma is a form of inflammation, which predominantly consists of macrophages. It typically develops when the immune system attempts to enclose substances that are usually insoluble and cannot be eliminated to prevent the spread of these substances to the other body compartments. According to the source of the substances, granulomatous diseases can be divided into two groups: infectious and non‐infectious. The mechanisms of infectious granuloma formation have been widely investigated because of its easy reproducibility in experimental models, both in vivo and in vitro. On the contrary, mechanisms of non‐infectious granuloma formation have not been well investigated because of the difficulty to reproduce this formation in experimental models. In this article, we review our recent understanding of the histogenesis and pathogenesis of granuloma formation, confirmed from studies of infectious granulomas, and we present potential hypotheses of the histogenesis and pathogenesis of non‐infectious granulomas based on clinical investigations.
Advances in histopathological diagnosis of keratoacanthoma
Authors: Takai Toshihiro 
Published: March 2017

AbstractKeratoacanthoma is a common epithelial lesion, but its nature is controversial. Although a distinct crateriform appearance is a hallmark of keratoacanthoma, other benign or malignant skin lesions may show a similar architecture. Moreover, as lesions diagnosed as conventional keratoacanthoma may show malignant behavior, some authors consider keratoacanthoma to be a variant of squamous cell carcinoma, whereas others consider it as a distinct self‐resolving squamous proliferative lesion. The controversy seems to originate from the diverse behavior of keratoacanthoma‐like epithelial lesions. However, a reproducible histopathological classification criterion has been recently proposed in the diagnosis of keratoacanthoma‐like epithelial lesions, and its validity is supported by several reports that deal with the natural course or molecular aspects of these lesions. This article attempts to provide a comprehensive review on recent insights and advances in the histopathological diagnosis of keratoacanthoma or related lesions, as well as summary of related published works.
Nail neoplasms
Authors: Park Ji‐Hye , Lee Dong‐Youn , Kim Noori 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNail neoplasms include all tumors occurring in the nail or periungual apparatus tissue. While some nail tumors can be similar to tumors located on the skin, others are unique. Both benign and malignant lesions can affect the nail apparatus. In particular, early malignant tumors like melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma can present similarly to onychomycosis or benign melanonychia and frequently missed by clinicians. Therefore, physicians should be aware of nail structures and the characteristics of nail tumors. Our review covers the normal nail structure and the most common nail tumors from benign to malignant.
Immunoglobulin G4‐related disease and its skin manifestations
Authors: Takayama Ryoko , Ueno Takashi , Saeki Hidehisa 
Published: March 2017

AbstractImmunoglobulin G4‐related disease (IgG4‐RD) is a systemic inflammatory condition characterized by tissue infiltration with IgG4+plasma cells and an elevated serum IgG4 level. It usually occurs in middle‐aged or older patients, with male predominance, and can involve multiple organs synchronously or metachronously. Patients with IgG4‐RDgenerally respond to steroid therapy. IgG4‐related skin lesions are typically erythematous and itchy plaques, subcutaneous nodules, or papules like prurigo nodularis located on the head and neck areas. Histologically, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates with abundant IgG4+ plasma cells are seen in the dermis and/or subcutaneous tissue. The skin condition of IgG4‐RDdoes not necessarily exhibit infiltration of IgG4+plasma cells, which is a prerequisite for IgG4‐related skin disease, but such skin lesions without infiltration by IgG4+plasma cells can be included in the skin manifestations of IgG4‐RD.
Granular cell differentiation: A review of the published work
Authors: Cardis Michael A. , Ni Jonathan , Bhawan Jag 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSince the initial description of the granular cell tumor in 1926, numerous other neoplasms, both benign and malignant, have been described to exhibit granular cell change. In most cases, diagnosis remains straightforward via recognition of retained histopathological morphology of the archetypal tumor, despite the presence of focal granular appearance. However, tumors with granular cell differentiation can present a diagnostic challenge either by mimicking alternative diagnoses, or by failing to exhibit architectural clues of the primary entity, thus requiring an immunohistochemical work‐up. In light of this, it is important to be aware of the various entities that have been reported to exhibit granular cell morphology. In this review such tumors are discussed along with pertinent clinical and histopathological features.
Treatment patterns of postherpetic neuralgia patients before and after the launch of pregabalin and its effect on medical costs: Analysis of Japanese claims data provided by Japan Medical Data Center
Authors: Honda Mariko , Murata Tatsunori , Ebata Nozomi , Fujii Koichi , Ogawa Setsuro 
Published: March 2017

AbstractExcept for neurotrophin, no drug had an indication for postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) in Japan prior to pregabalin approval. This approval might have changed PHN treatment patterns. This study aimed to compare PHN treatment patterns and medical costs between patients who started treatment before and after pregabalin approval. Japanese claims data were used to identify patients aged 18 years or more with PHN, postherpetic trigeminal neuralgia or postherpetic polyneuropathy who were initiated on their first PHN‐associated prescription through May 2010 (before approval) or from June 2010 (after approval). From these claims, 6‐month treatment patterns from first prescription were compared for the periods before and after approval. These patterns included pain‐related medications and the frequency of pain‐relief procedures. All‐cause and pain‐related medical costs were also compared for these periods. The number of PHN patients who were initiated on treatment before and after approval were 107 (mean age, 47.4 ± 13.0 years) and 505 (45.9 ± 13.0), respectively. Post‐approval, significant reductions were observed for prescription of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, tricyclic antidepressants and neurotrophin relative to before approval. Excluding pregabalin acquisition costs, mean costs per patient for medications associated with PHN for 6 months from the first prescription were significantly lower after approval, ¥2882 vs ¥4185. Total medical costs were similar in both periods. Approval of pregabalin appeared to result in a treatment paradigm toward use of an approved therapy with demonstrated efficacy.
Making ‘Critical Performativity’ Concrete: Sumantra Ghoshal and Linkages between the Mainstream and the Critical
Authors: Edwards Paul K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCritical performativity (CP) advocates direct engagement with managerial practice to promote social change while being subversive of a focus on efficiency. Its critique of efficiency needs to be reconsidered: there can be a common real interest in efficiency, and addressing efficiency does not entail an uncritical acceptance of a managerial agenda. Taking this step allows CP to engage with more conventional views. Two kinds of such views can be distinguished, the unitarist, which stresses common interests, and the pluralist, which allows for diverging interests. The work of the mainstream scholar Sumantra Ghoshal illustrates an effort to move beyond unitarism towards a more pluralist position. He developed a ‘good theory of management’ that aimed to address efficiency, but also the quality of jobs. Appraisal of this theory from the perspective of real interests points to limitations, but also ways in which it can be given a critical edge. The result is an analysis that advances that strand of CP that seeks to make specific interventions in concrete organizational practice.
Analysis of the preferential mechanisms of denaturation of whey protein variants as a function of temperature and pH for the development of an optical sensor
Authors: Taterka Heather , Castillo Manuel 
Published: March 2017

A pH‐ and temperature‐dependent study was conducted using reconstituted low‐heat skim milk at pH 6.3, 6.7 and 7.1 heated for 10 min at 80 and 90 °C to evaluate the relationship between bound and aggregate whey protein and optical light backscatter response. Significant correlations were found between casein micelle particle size and bound whey protein, and light backscatter correlations existed with both bound and aggregate whey protein, thus optical light backscatter may be useful to determine both whey protein attachment to the casein micelle and the formation of whey protein aggregates.
Meaningful Use and Hospital Performance on Post‐Acute Utilization Indicators
Authors: Brice Yanick N. , Joynt Karen E. , Tompkins Christopher P. , Ritter Grant A. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo examine trends in hospital post‐acute utilization indicators and to determine whether improvement in these indicators is associated with attesting to meaningful use (MU).Data SourcesMedicare claims‐based, repeated measures on 30‐day hospital‐wide all‐cause readmission and emergency department (ED) utilization rates for 160 short‐stay hospitals (2009–2012); Medicare EHR Incentive Program Payments files (2011–2012); and other hospital and market data.Study DesignInterrupted time series with concurrent comparison group.Principal FindingsPropensity score‐weighted multilevel models for change demonstrate that 30‐day readmission rates (unadjusted) fell from 13.4 percent in 2009 to 12.1 percent in 2012. Similarly, 30‐day ED utilization declined from 18.9 percent to 17.3 percent during the same period. However, MU and non‐MU hospitals were indistinguishable vis‐à‐vis performance. Controlling for hospital and market characteristics, MU was unrelated to 30‐day readmission. In contrast, 30‐day ED utilization deteriorated.ConclusionsHospitals with MU Stage 1 designation did not show significantly higher improvement on post‐acute utilization compared to their counterparts without. To achieve gains in quality and safety, potentially associated with EHRs, and to advance care coordination and patient engagement, the regulators should strengthen accountability by linking comprehensive, outcomes‐based performance measures to specific MU objectives.
Sex and age discrepancy of HbA1c and fetal hemoglobin determined by HPLC in a large Chinese Han population
Authors: Hu Jihong , Gao Jun , Li Jianbo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundIt is accepted that HbA1c is an effective indicator to evaluate glycemic control. Fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is seldom measured because traditional detection is inconvenient. In this regard, there may be an advantage in using HPLC autoanalysis of HbA1c as a surrogate method for HbF detection. The aim of the present study was to explore the distribution of HbA1c and HbF in a large Chinese Han population.MethodsIn all, 70 553 blood samples were collected between January 2012 and June 2016. Study subjects were inpatients undergoing routine medical care and were divided into four groups based on age: Group A, 20–39 years; Group B, 40–59 years; Group C, 60–79 years; and Group D, ≥80 years. Blood HbA1c and HbF concentrations were measured by HPLC using a Tosho Bioscience (Tokyo, Japan) G8 analyzer.ResultsThere was a positive association between HbA1c and age, and a negative association between HbF and age. The concentration range of HbF was narrow and HbF concentrations were significantly higher in females than males, regardless of age (median 0.7% vs 0.6%, respectively; P < 0.0001). There was a low degree of correlation between HbF and HbA1c (r = 0.181, P < 0.0001). Although median HbA1c levels were higher in male than female subjects aged 20–59 years (5.5% vs 5.4%, respectively, in Group A; 5.9% vs 5.8%, respectively in Group B), in the 60–79 years group, HbA1c levels were lower in males than females (6.1% vs 6.2%, respectively; P < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe data suggest that sex and age should be considered in clinical interpretation of HbA1c.