bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Uterine Sarkome
Authors: Denschlag Dominik , Thiel Falk , Beckmann Matthias 
Published: May 2017

Uterine Sarkome und maligne Müller‘sche Mischtumore sind mit 3 % und 9 % aller Uterusmalignome sehr seltene Karzinome der Uterusmuskulatur bzw. des uterinen Bindegewebes. Bei fehlenden spezifischen Symptomen sind ein schnell wachsender Uterus in der Postmenopause und Blutungsstörungen bzw. Postmenopausenblutung verdächtig. Die Primärtherapie besteht in der Regel aus der Hysterektomie mit Adnexektomie.In der Adjuvanz scheinen Müller‘sche Mischtumore auf eine Systemtherapie anzusprechen. Eine Chemotherapie ist beim Leiomyosarkom nicht und beim undifferenzierten endometrialen Stromasarkom fraglich indiziert. Alternativ kann, vor allem bei Hormon-abhängigen „low-grade“-Tumoren und dem endometrialen Stromasarkom, eine endokrine Therapie mit MPA oder Aromatasehemmern erfolgen. Eine adjuvante Radiatio kommt in der Regel nur beim malignen Müller‘schen Mischtumor zur Verbesserung der lokalen Kontrolle zum Einsatz.In der Rezidivsituation von uterinen Sarkomen bzw. malignen Müller‘schen Mischtumoren sollte primär die operative Komplettresektion zur Prognoseverbesserung angestrebt werden. In der metastasierten Situation ist beim malignen Müller‘schen Mischtumor, Leiomyosarkom und undifferenzierten endometrialen Stromasarkom eine palliative Chemotherapie indiziert.In der im August 2015 publizierten S2k-Leitlinie für uterine Sarkome ist erstmals für Deutschland eine Leitlinie für diese heterogene Tumorentität erstellt worden.
The future of societal impact assessment using peer review: pre-evaluation training, consensus building and inter-reviewer reliability
Authors: Derrick Gemma , Samuel Gabrielle 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThere are strong political reasons underpinning the desire to achieve a high level of inter-reviewer reliability (IRR) within peer review panels. Achieving a high level of IRR is synonymous with an efficient review system, and the wider perception of a fair evaluation process. Therefore, there is an arguable role for a more structured approach to the peer review process during a time when evaluators are effectively novices in practice with the criterion, such as with societal impact. This article explores the consequences of a structured peer review process that aimed to increase inter-reviewer reliability within panels charged with assessing societal impact. Using a series of interviews from evaluators from the UK’s Research Excellence Framework conducted before (pre-evaluation) and then again after the completion of the process (post-evaluation), it explores evaluators’ perceptions about how one tool of a structured evaluation process, pre-evaluation training, influenced their approaches to achieving a consensus within the peer review panel. Building on lessons learnt from studies on achieving inter-reviewer reliability and from consensus building with peer review groups, this article debates the benefits of structured peer review processes in cases when the evaluators are unsure of the criterion (as was the case with the Impact criterion), and therefore the risks of a low IRR are increased. In particular, this article explores how individual approaches to assessing Impact were normalized during group deliberation around Impact and how these relate to evaluators’ perceptions of the advice given during the pre-evaluation training. This article is published as part of a collection on the future of research assessment.
Female peer mentors early in college increase women’s positive academic experiences and retention in engineering
Authors: Dennehy Tara C. , Dasgupta Nilanjana 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceThe scarcity of women in the American science and engineering workforce is a well-recognized problem. However, field-tested interventions outside artificial laboratory settings are few. We provide evidence from a multiyear field experiment demonstrating that women in engineering who were assigned a female (but not male) peer mentor experienced more belonging, motivation, and confidence in engineering, better retention in engineering majors, and greater engineering career aspirations. Female mentors promoted aspirations to pursue engineering careers by protecting women’s belonging and confidence. Greater belonging and confidence were also associated with more engineering retention. Notably, grades were not associated with year 1 retention. The benefits of mentoring endured beyond the intervention, for 2 y of college, the time of greatest attrition from science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors.
Angular measurements of the dynein ring reveal a stepping mechanism dependent on a flexible stalk
Authors: Lippert Lisa G. , Dadosh Tali , Hadden Jodi A. , Karnawat Vishakha , Diroll Benjamin T. , Murray Christopher B. , Holzbaur Erika L. F. , Schulten Klaus , Reck-Peterson Samara L. , Goldman Yale E. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Cytoplasmic dynein is a complex intracellular molecular motor primarily responsible for many crucial retrograde transport functions within cells. Its mechanism is distinct from the mechanism of other transport motors and remains poorly understood. This work examines the structural dynamics of actively translocating dynein motors in single-molecule detail to reveal a previously unknown role of stalk flexibility in dynein stepping. By integrating these findings with previously published structural information, we present a unified model of the dynein translocation mechanism. A detailed understanding of this mechanism provides insight into how dynein is able to navigate around obstacles in vivo. The experimental techniques presented here may be broadly applicable to the study of rotational motions in other molecular systems.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of word retrieval in speech production revealed by cortical high-frequency band activity
Authors: Riès Stephanie K. , Dhillon Rummit K. , Clarke Alex , King-Stephens David , Laxer Kenneth D. , Weber Peter B. , Kuperman Rachel A. , Auguste Kurtis I. , Brunner Peter , Schalk Gerwin , Lin Jack J. , Parvizi Josef , Crone Nathan E. , Dronkers Nina F. , Knight Robert T. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Word retrieval is essential to language production, relying on the activation of conceptual and word representations in memory followed by the selection of the correct word. The detailed spatiotemporal cortical dynamics of this core language process are not well-known. By using direct cortical recordings, we show that the activation of concepts or word representations and their selection co-occur in time and engage widespread brain networks and overlapping brain regions. In contrast with modular brain models of language production, our data do not support a clear division of labor between brain regions during these early stages of language production. Rather, we suggest that overlapping brain mechanisms optimize word retrieval.
Solitary bees reduce investment in communication compared with their social relatives
Authors: Wittwer Bernadette , Hefetz Abraham , Simon Tovit , Murphy Li E. K. , Elgar Mark A. , Pierce Naomi E. , Kocher Sarah D. 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceCommunication is central to group living: Individuals use signals to identify each other and coordinate tasks. Surprisingly, little is known about how these communication systems change as social behavior evolves, particularly during the transition between solitary and group living. This study shows that, as sociality is gained and lost in halictid bees, convergent changes arise in the sensory systems and chemical signals of these groups. Solitary species show a repeated reduction of hair-like sensilla on the antennae, and social and solitary forms of the same species differ in their chemical signals. These results suggest that changes in group complexity are closely linked to changes in communication and that social bees invest more in these systems than their solitary counterparts.
Spatial evolutionary games with weak selection
Authors: Nanda Mridu , Durrett Richard 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Game theory, which was invented to study strategic and economic decisions of humans, has for many years been used in ecology and more recently in cancer modeling. In the applications to ecology and cancer, the system is not homogeneously mixing, so it is important to understand how space changes the outcome of evolutionary games. Here, we present rules that can be used to determine the behavior of a wide class of three-strategy games. In short, the behavior can be predicted from the behavior of the replicator equation for a modified equation. This theory will be useful for a number of applications.
Evolutionary steps involving counterion displacement in a tunicate opsin
Authors: Kojima Keiichi , Yamashita Takahiro , Imamoto Yasushi , Kusakabe Takehiro G. , Tsuda Motoyuki , Shichida Yoshinori 
Published: May 2017

Significance
The visible light sensitivity of animal opsins is attributed to a protonated Schiff base linkage to retinal, which is stabilized by a negatively charged counterion. Glu113 and Glu181 serve as the counterion in vertebrate- and invertebrate-type opsins, respectively. Ascidian opsin, the sole invertebrate opsin found in the vertebrate visual opsin group, contains Glu113 and Glu181, which act as synergistic double counterions. Deleting either counterion changes the ascidian opsin’s molecular properties to resemble those of either vertebrate- or invertebrate-type opsins. These results strongly suggest that counterion position regulates opsin molecular properties beyond spectral tuning. Moreover, ascidian opsin is an apparent evolutionary intermediate leading to vertebrate visual opsin, which has acquired the high G protein activation efficiency optimized for the vertebrate vision.
Confined catalysis under two-dimensional materials
Authors: Li Haobo , Xiao Jianping , Fu Qiang , Bao Xinhe 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Small spaces in nanoreactors may have big implications in chemistry, because the chemical nature of molecules and reactions within the nanospaces can be changed significantly due to the nanoconfinement effect. Two-dimensional (2D) nanoreactor formed under 2D materials can provide a well-defined model system to explore the confined catalysis. We demonstrate a general tendency for weakened surface adsorption under the confinement of graphene overlayer, illustrating the feasible modulation of surface reactions by placing a 2D cover on top of the surface. The developed concept “catalysis under cover” can be applied to reactions between two opposite 2D walls interacting with each other through van der Waals force, which helps to design high-performance nanocatalysts interfacing with 2D material overlayers.
Healthy offspring from freeze-dried mouse spermatozoa held on the International Space Station for 9 months
Authors: Wakayama Sayaka , Kamada Yuko , Yamanaka Kaori , Kohda Takashi , Suzuki Hiromi , Shimazu Toru , Tada Motoki N. , Osada Ikuko , Nagamatsu Aiko , Kamimura Satoshi , Nagatomo Hiroaki , Mizutani Eiji , Ishino Fumitoshi , Yano Sachiko , Wakayama Teruhiko 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Radiation on the International Space Station (ISS) is more than 100 times stronger than at the Earth’s surface, and at levels that can cause DNA damage in somatic cell nuclei. The damage to offspring caused by this irradiation in germ cells has not been examined, however. Here we preserved mouse spermatozoa on the ISS for 9 mo. Although sperm DNA was slightly damaged during space preservation, it could be repaired by the oocyte cytoplasm and did not impair the birth rate or normality of the offspring. Our results demonstrate that generating human or domestic animal offspring from space-preserved spermatozoa is a possibility, which should be useful when the “space age” arrives.
Thoracic vertebral count and thoracolumbar transition inAustralopithecus afarensis
Authors: Ward Carol V. , Nalley Thierra K. , Spoor Fred , Tafforeau Paul , Alemseged Zeresenay 
Published: May 2017

SignificanceThe discovery of a 3.3 million-year-old partial skeleton ofAustralopithecus afarensis, from Dikika, Ethiopia, preserved all seven cervical (neck) vertebrae and provided the only known evidence for the presence of 12 thoracic (rib-bearing) vertebrae in hominins prior to 60,000 years ago. This skeleton has seven cervical and only 12 thoracic vertebrae like humans, rather than 13 like African apes. However, the anatomical transition from thoracic to lumbar (lower back) vertebral form occurs at the 11th thoracic segment. This distinctive pattern of vertebral segmentation, rare in modern apes and humans, is also seen in the three other early hominins for which this area is known, with the Dikika skeleton providing the earliest and most complete example.
cGAS is essential for cellular senescence
Authors: Yang Hui , Wang Hanze , Ren Junyao , Chen Qi , Chen Zhijian J. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Cellular senescence is important for the maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of senescence is linked to many human diseases, such as cancer, premature aging, and age-related diseases. Although DNA damage response has been linked to senescence, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we show that cGAS is essential for the senescence phenotypes, including expression of inflammatory genes. This finding reveals a molecular mechanism of cellular senescence and suggests that modulation of cGAS activity may be a new strategy to treat senescence-associated human diseases that potentially include cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and aging.
Syringe-injectable mesh electronics integrate seamlessly with minimal chronic immune response in the brain
Authors: Zhou Tao , Hong Guosong , Fu Tian-Ming , Yang Xiao , Schuhmann Thomas G. , Viveros Robert D. , Lieber Charles M. 
Published: May 2017

Significance
Seamless integration of electrical probes within neural tissue could substantially enhance their impact and open up new opportunities in neuroscience research through electronic therapeutics. This paper describes systematic studies of brain tissue behavior following implantation of a design for probes that can be precisely targeted to specific brain regions by syringe injection as in many biological species and have an ultraflexible open mesh structure similar to brain tissue itself. Studies of the chronic tissue response postimplantation demonstrate that these tissue-like probes do not elicit inflammation or scarring, in contrast to more conventional probes. Moreover, neurons were found to penetrate through the probes’ open mesh structure, thus demonstrating an unprecedented level of integration and compatibility with the brain circuitry.
Quantitative regulation of histone variant H2A.Z during cell cycle by ubiquitin proteasome system and SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases
Authors: Takahashi Daisuke , Orihara Yuki , Kitagawa Saho , Kusakabe Masayuki , Shintani Takahiro , Oma Yukako , Harata Masahiko 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Quantitative control of histones and histone variants during cell cycle is relevant to their epigenetic functions. We found that the level of yeast histone variant H2A.Z in the G2/M-phase is actively kept low by the ubiquitin proteasome system and SUMO-targeted ubiquitin ligases. Overexpression of H2A.Z induced defects in mitotic progression, suggesting functional importance of this quantitative control.
Hyperferritinemia and inflammation
Authors: Kernan Kate F , Carcillo Joseph A 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Understanding of ferritin biology has traditionally centered on its role in iron storage and homeostasis, with low ferritin levels indicative of deficiency and high levels indicative of primary or secondary hemochromatosis. However, further work has shown that iron, redox biology and inflammation are inexorably linked. During infection, increased ferritin levels represent an important host defense mechanism that deprives bacterial growth of iron and protects immune cell function. It may also be protective, limiting the production of free radicals and mediating immunomodulation. Additionally, hyperferritinemia is a key acute-phase reactants, used by clinicians as an indication for therapeutic intervention, aimed at controlling inflammation in high-risk patients. One school of thought maintains that hyperferritinemia is an ‘innocent bystander’ biomarker of uncontrolled inflammation that can be used to gauge effectiveness of intervention. Other schools of thought maintain that ferritin induction could be a protective negative regulatory loop. Others maintain that ferritin is a key mediator of immune dysregulation, especially in extreme hyperferritinemia, via direct immune-suppressive and pro-inflammatory effects. There is a clear need for further investigation of the role of ferritin in uncontrolled inflammatory conditions both as a biomarker and mediator of disease because its occurrence identifies patients with high mortality risk and its resolution predicts their improved survival.
Is ‘Assisted Reproduction’ Reproduction?
Authors: Piotrowska Monika 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
With an increasing number of ways to ‘assist’ reproduction, some bioethicists have started to wonder what it takes to become a genetic parent. It is widely agreed that sharing genes is not enough to substantiate the parent–offspring relation, but what is? Without a better understanding of the concept of reproduction (and what it means to say that an organism has reproduced), our thinking about parent–offspring relations and the ethical issues surrounding them risk being unprincipled. Here, I address that problem by offering a principled account of reproduction—the Overlap, Development and Persistence account—which I believe best captures the meaning of ‘genetic parenthood’.
Auditory Processing Disorder: What Does It Mean and What Can Be Done?
Authors: Bartlett Krista , Kelley Elissa , Purdy Julie , Stein Martin T. 
Published: May 2017

CASE: Julian, an 11-year-old boy in the sixth grade with a compliant disposition and a positive attitude, has had a significant decline in his academic performance over the last 2 years. He spends much of his time in the nurse's office with headaches and fatigue. He reports that he cannot concentrate or follow along in class. Vision and hearing screenings were normal.
Julian's teachers report that although he has no behavior problem, he is inattentive and does not put forth the effort she feels he is capable of giving. He does not seem to be listening, and he is distracted by everyone around him. He often claims that he did not hear or understand the things that teachers explained several times. When teachers talk to him directly, he starts an assignment and usually finishes his work on time. Teachers observe that he has “attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) like tendencies.” A recent psychoeducational evaluation qualified Julian for special education services under specific learning disability in the area of auditory processing. An individual education plan will be developed within the next 2 weeks.
Key indicators used to make this determination included the following: average standard scores on nonverbal tests of cognitive development, a below-average score in overall auditory processing (with particularly low scores in auditory reasoning and auditory memory), average scores in the areas of general memory and attention/concentration, and below-average composite scores in reading and written expression.
Following a review of the assessment report, Julian's parents remain concerned about the possibility of ADHD. Prior to the special education assessment, the school provided the Vanderbilt Assessment Scales for Julian's parents to share with his doctors; it revealed elevated scores in ADHD symptoms (predominantly inattentive subtype). Julian's parents would like to learn about options for treatment that might improve his attention.
Association Between Surgeon-Specific Features and Number of Stages, Flaps, and Grafts in Mohs Micrographic Surgery: A Retrospective Observational Study of 59 Early-, Mid-, and Advanced-Career Mohs Surgeons
Authors: Alhaddad Marwan , Zade John , Nabatian Adam , Kriegel David , Khorasani Hooman 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND
There is limited data available to correlate Mohs surgeons' behavior and years of experience. Moreover, the recent standardization of Mohs surgery training programs may allow for the prediction of future trends in Mohs micrographic surgery surgery based on the current behavior of recently trained Mohs surgeons.

OBJECTIVE
To better understand the relationship between surgeon-specific characteristics and the number of Mohs micrographic surgery total cases, stages per case, number of grafts, and number of flaps performed by each surgeon.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Procedure data of 59 early-career, mid-career, and advanced-career Mohs surgeons were obtained from the website of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid services.

RESULTS
No statistically significant differences were identified in the number of stages per case between the 3 groups. Two-proportion testing between advanced-career surgeons and early-career surgeons indicated a statistically significant difference in the number of surgeons performing flaps or grafts (p < .05). Similarly, a statistically significant difference was noticed between mid-career surgeons and early-career surgeons (p < .05).

CONCLUSION
The result of this study showed that more years of experience was significantly associated with reported utilization of flaps or grafts in practice. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between years in practice and number of stages per case.
Unnecessary Cost of Post-Mohs Permanent Pathology
Authors: MacArthur Kelly M. , Tang Nikki , Hruza George J. , Wang Timothy S. , Egbers Robert G. 
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND
By providing tumor-free margins, Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) results in high cure rates in the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSCs). However, when closure of the post-MMS defect is coordinated with reconstructive surgery, redundant tissue is sometimes submitted for permanent section evaluation.

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of our study was to investigate the frequency and effect of this practice.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients (12 years and older) with NMSCs cleared by MMS with coordinated closures from 2014 to 2016 were identified. Cost analysis was performed using the 2016 Current Procedural Terminology codes and averaged nation-wide Medicare reimbursement rates.

RESULTS
During the study period, 408 cases were coordinated with reconstructive surgeons post-MMS. Of these, 125 had specimens were submitted for permanent section with none showing residual malignancy. There were no significant differences between the cases sent for permanent section and the remaining coordinated MMS cases, with respect to patient age, to basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma histology, or to defect size (p > .05). The marginal cost of sending specimens for permanent section was $121 per case.

CONCLUSION
Sending post-MMS redundant tissue for permanent sections may be of limited utility and should not be performed routinely. Additional work is warranted to determine when this practice should be used in conjunction with MMS.