bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drawing in autistic spectrum disorder children
Authors: Cepedello S. , Adrian A.S. , LAura G.B. , Eduardo M.T. , Nieves D.U.V. , Henar D.L.R. , Aldara Á.A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDrawing can be a tool to complete the psychodiagnose process, especially in children with expression and verbal problems.The autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) children have problems to describe their feelings and emotions, they can provide us many information drawing their own world.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to discover the psychopathology of children with ASD through their drawings.MethodsA4-sized booklets were given for ASD children from 6 to 16 years to draw an imaginary family (L. Corman), a human figure (Buck) or a free drawing.ResultsIn most of the drawings of ASD children, we could find at least one of the three criteria of ASD: social deficits, communication difficulties and restricted interests.ConclusionsA projective technique as drawing could help us to discover additional information about our patients, specially children and mainly the ones who had problems with the expression of feelings like ASD children.The act of drawing can be used to understand children's struggles, their internal world. Moreover, it could also help the children gain insight and review progress through drawing records.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Adolescence and self-injuries
Authors: Dörr A. , Viani S. , Yamil Q. 
Published: June 2017

This article is a reflection on the current affairs and an invitation to think about worrying phenomena in youngsters: self-injuries or cuts in the arms in eight young adolescent patients. We try to figure out the underlying cause of such behavior, which is more common every day and reveals some characteristics of society. Sociocultural, individual and family changes are analyzed, showing possible connections among these instances, identity and self-injuries. We suggest that the difficulties in identity development may be related to practices such as self-injury or others, which are related to mentalization problems. In the sociocultural level we find a way to socialize in which subjective discomfort has increased, there is overabundance, mass consumption, and the traditional social institutions (family, school and religion) have failed. Youngsters do not know themselves nor their projects. This difficulty is accompanied by an individual's failure in mentalization capacities (name one's feelings), leading the suffering youngster to practices such as self-injuries, which become permanent. Finally, the particulars of family relationships are described: distance between parents and their offspring, with the life experiences of the former being less appreciated by their offspring while forming their own identity, this is, they are responsible of becoming the architects of their own identities. They are orphans without traditions, which are sources of identity and innovation; to know who we are we must know where we come from.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The psychological profile and the counter attitudes of encopretic children's mothers: A Tunisian study
Authors: Kammoun W. , Walha A. , Hadjkacem I. , Baccouche K. , Chaari H. , Ayadi H. , Moalla Y. , Ghribi F. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPersistent encopresis is part of a fairly specific pathologic complex including personality, and familial factors. To a very large extent, interest in encopresis issues has revolved around the mother–child relationship.ObjectivesIn this study, we aimed to assess the psychological profile and the counter attitudes of encopretic children's mothers.MethodsWe led a retrospective and descriptive study carrying on 91 medical records of children with encopresis, followed in the outpatient child psychiatry department of the Hédi Chaker university hospital of Sfax over a period of seven years, going from January 1st, 2000 till December 31st, 2006.ResultsIn our study, emotional deprivation was noted in 62.2% of cases. Besides, repeated separations from mothers were noted in 26.4% of cases with 2.2% cases of prolonged separations. Our study also revealed that 19.8% of mothers have obsessive personality traits while 14% have rather anxious traits. Furthermore, 6.6% of encopretic children's mothers were found to have anxio-depressive spectrum disorders according to the DSM-IV-TR. Mothers’ intolerance towards encopresis was estimated at 53.3%. This intolerance was mainly reflected in physical punishment, depreciation, blame and humiliation. Toilet training was rigid in more than half of cases (62.2%).ConclusionChildhood encopresis can be viewed as a result of a maternal-child conflict. In fact, the mother–child relationship appears to be directly involved in the genesis of encopresis. Nevertheless, the role of the own child neurodevelopmental state in response to the family system should not be ignored.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Visual delayed memory in ADHD children
Authors: Kiselev S. 
Published: June 2017

It was shown that children with ADHD have deficit in cognitive abilities. Particularly, in our previous research we have revealed that children with ADHD have weakness have deficit in memory for faces and for names in delayed recall condition.The goal of this research was to examine the hypothesis that children with ADHD have weakness in visual memory in delayed recall condition.The experimental group included 19 children with ADHD at age 6–7 years. The control group included 19 typically developing children. The children from experimental and control group were matched for IQ, gender and age.Children from both groups were assessed with visual memory subtest from Luria's neuropsychological assessment battery. This subtest is designed to assess the ability to perform the visual memory for objects in immediate and delayed conditions. Two-way ANOVA was used to reveal group differences in reproducing the objects in two conditions.We have not revealed significant differences between children from experimental and control group in the reproducing the objects in immediate condition. However, the interaction of condition type and group was significant (P ≤ 0.05). ADHD children were less successful in reproducing the objects in delayed condition.In view of the obtained results, it can be assumed that children with ADHD have specific deficit in memory domain – weakness in delayed memory.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Autism, psychosis and marfan: The Lujan–Fryns syndrome
Authors: Montero G. , Alberdi I. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesWe report the case of a 19-year-old male who was brought to our psychiatry consultation by his family for behavioural disorders and poor school performance of years of evolution.ResultsWe found ourselves before a tall, thin, childish, suspicious, perplex, inhibited and minimizer patient, so we sent him to our hospital for psychiatric admission, where he showed a flowery delirium of mystic, religious and megalomaniac content; complex visual and auditory hallucinatory phenomena; and where he was diagnosed of acute polymorphic psychotic disorder and autism spectrum disorder with marfanoid habit. Therefore, we suspected a Lujan–Fryns syndrome and requested genetic confirmation. Risperidone was prescribed as solo treatment, with a rapid control of the symptoms.ConclusionsLujan–Fryns syndrome, first described in 1984, corresponds to a sequence mutation in exon 22 of med12 gene of chromosome X. It is hard to suspect and diagnose before puberty. Those affected have marfanoid habit and also other psychiatric manifestations such as autistic behaviour, mild-moderate mental retardation (there are some reported cases with normal intelligence), language disorders, emotional instability, aggressiveness, hyperactivity, shyness which can be extreme, obsessive-compulsive disorder, isolation, delusions, visual and auditory hallucinations, and there are cases that describe schizophrenia. Its diagnosis requires adequate physical and psychopathological examination, and it is established with clinical suspicion and genetic confirmation. There are very few cases described and there is little bibliography available about Lujan–Fryns syndrome [1].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents: A diagnostic and psychopathological approach. A case presentation
Authors: Ortega Garcia M.D. , Marti Garnica V. , Garcia Marin S. , Martinez Martinez C. , Gomez Martinez R. , Blanco del Valle P. 
Published: June 2017

Self-injurious behavior is a major public health problem. An increase in the number of self-injuring adolescents has been observed since the mid-1960s.Description of clinical caseC. is a 14 teenager who comes to a mental health center for the first time a year ago for having numerous self-injuries in the forearm. She says that she cannot avoid doing so in moments of anxiety and that, in addition, when she is hurt she calms down. Throughout the interviews, C. relates that after the death of her best friend in a traffic accident she is alone and with episodes of anxiety.Exploration and complementary testsIt is important to analyze the risk factors of self-injurious behaviors in adolescence such as:– personal characteristic;– psychiatric disorders;– family characteristics;– mass media.DiagnosisDepressive episode (F32).Differential diagnosisIn general, self-injury is considered as a symptom or characteristic of a specific psychiatric disorder. Stereotyped self-injury is characteristic of processes of cognitive deficit of the level of severe and profound mental retardation. Compulsive self-harm involves symptomatic habits such as severe scratching of the skin or already differentiated psychiatric entities, such as trichotillomania, onicofagia or delusional parasitosis… Important psychotic disorder.ConclusionsFollowing the Task Force's criteria, in relation to probably effective therapies, it can be concluded that the therapy based on mentation for adolescents (MBT-A) is the first effective treatment for the treatment of self-harm in adolescents.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Must we fear antidepressants in adolescents?
Authors: Paulino S. , Santos N. , Almeida A.C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEpidemiological studies have established that teenager's prevalence rates of major depression are significant (10%). The media has given a good deal of attention to the potential risks of antidepressants and their connection to increased suicidality (especially in children and adolescents). These concerns have had a significant impact on both the prescribing of antidepressants and the parental fears about their use. It is interesting to note that in large groups’ studies of adolescents treated with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors there have been no evidence of increased suicidal risk.ObjectiveUnderstand if there is a significant association between antidepressant treatment and suicidality in a 3-months follow-up study of the adolescent's consultation of Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte.MethodsAnalysis of 81 adolescents with an initial diagnosis of major depression treated with an antidepressant for at least 3 months.ResultsAfter the follow-up period there has been an improvement in sadness in 92.6% of the adolescents, a remission of death thoughts in 98.8% and an absence of suicides attempts. In 61.7%, it was necessary to introduce also an antipsychotic in a low dose and in 12.3% another antidepressant with a hypnotic effect.ConclusionIt is clear that untreated major depression carries significant suffering and disability. Although treatment with antidepressants may take several weeks before clinical improvement appear and depression may worsen in the first days, its therapeutic effect should not be underestimated even if becomes necessary to add another medication in the first days. In evaluating these kinds of concerns, we must always differentiate between media hype and scientific data.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Emotion dysregulation and sex working belief in sample of adolescents
Authors: Petrocchi C. , Velotti P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIn the last decade, international study attention to the problem of risk of sexual behavior in adolescents has grown. Some research has shown emotion dysregulation to be an important predictors of forbidding outcomes for example alcohol and drugs abuse or risky sexual behavior.ObjectivesThe aims of this study are analyze emotion dysregulation in adolescents and their belief regarding sex working of adolescents.MethodsThe sample is composed by 123 participants (58 male adolescents, and 65 female adolescents, they is 14–15 years). All participants completed a self-report questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Them, participants responded to questions on prostitution.ResultsFrequency analysis showed that 78% of participants believe that prostitution is wrong; 1.4% of adolescents believe that the voluntary prostitution is not wrong; 2.4% believe that prostitution is not wrong if it can economically help their parents; and 4.9% believe that prostitution is wrong only if the customer is an adult. Regarding emotion dysregulation, test t analysis highlights some differences between male and female. The female presents difficulties (P = 0.025) to strategies respect male adolescents and they manifest a tendency to significative difference in impulse (P = 0.061) and goals (P = 0.067).ConclusionsThese preliminary results show that females may experience greater difficulties to take functional strategies to regulate emotions and could risk adopting risky sexual behavior such as prostitution.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychopathological approach of unsafe games among teenagers: A case report
Authors: Ben Hamouda A. , Bourgou S. , Ben Rejeb S. , Hamza M. , Saguem B.N. , Charfi F. , Belhadj A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionVoluntary asphyxiation by practicing unsafe games such as choking, hanging, strangulation or other means of inducing hypoxia/anoxia is not uncommun among adolescents and can lead to unintended death but it stills not very well-known so underestimated by parents and underdiagnosed by health professionals.ObjectivesStudy of clinical, psychological and psychopathological features in adolescent practicing unsafe games through a case report and a literature review.MethodsWe will present the case of a 14-year-old boy followed up in the Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department of Mongi Slim Hospital (La Marsa, Tunisia) for behavioral disorders and recurrent syncope. This case report will be supported by a literature review.Case reportS.B., 14-year-old boy, unique child of two divorced parents, with precarious family socio-economic conditions, no apparent medical problems and no known history of drug or alcohol abuse, suicidal ideation or suicide attempts, consulted first time in the department for behavioral disorders. The diagnostic of dysthymia was made. Seven months later, he was hospitalized in the medical intensive care unit for postictal coma. All medical investigations were normal. In the following, S.B. revealed that he used to practice voluntary asphyxiation by compressing the two carotids using his fingers until loss of consciousness. The diagnosis of paraphilia (DSM-5) was established.ConclusionsEarly recognition of such cases and awareness of psychological and psychopathological motivations might prevent serious complications and lethal outcome for these “unsafe-young-players”.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Quality of life in parents of children with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Khemakhem K. , Sahnoun C. , Ayadi H. , Boudabbous J. , Cherif L. , Walha A. , Moalla Y. , Hadjkacem I. , Ghribi F. 
Published: June 2017

AimThe aim of our study was to investigate and compare the quality of life of parents of children with ADHD and parents of children within psychiatric troubles.MethodsWe conducted a cross sectional and comparative study, on 20 families of children with ADHD, followed in child and adolescent psychiatry department of Sfax, Tunisia, and 20 control families. We used the Short Form Health Survey (SF 36) translated and validated in Arabic to evaluate the quality of life of the parents of the two groups.ResultsThe average age of the patients of our survey was 9 years 8 months with a predominance of boys. We objectified a significant difference between the overall scores of the quality of life of parents of children with ADHD and the control sample. A highly significant difference was noted in the following areas: mental health, bodily pain and social functioning. The difference was significant in vitality score. The difference was not significant in 4 scores: general health, physical functioning, role physical, and role emotional.ConclusionFamilies with a child with ADHD have many challenges which impact certainly in their quality of life. As a child and adolescent's psychiatrics, we should be aware of these consequences in order to help the parents to improve their quality of life.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The WHO ICD-11 classification and diagnosis of mental disorder in people with disorders of intellectual development (PWDID): An international study on clinical utility
Authors: Cooray S.E. , Alexander R. , Weber G. , Bhaumik S. , Roy A. , Roy M. , Bakheet A. , Devapriam J. , Mendis J. , Javed A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionConstituting 2% of the population, PWDID are a vulnerable group with a higher prevalence of mental disorders than the general population. ICD diagnostic criteria often rely on adequate cognitive functioning and hence diagnosis of mental disorders in PWDID can be difficult, consequently leading to inequity of treatment, prognosis and stigma. Our study critically analysed the available evidence base and explored the feasibility of applying modified diagnostic criteria within the context of cumulative iterative iteration. We present the outcome using diagnosis of DID and anxiety disorder as examples.AimsAddress current shortcomings in ICD classification regarding PWDID by contributing effectively to the WHO ICD-11 consultation process in collaboration with international stakeholders.ObjectivesFacilitate accessibility of ICD-11 criteria for diagnosis of mental disorders capable of engendering robust evidence based epidemiological data and healthcare in PWDID.MethodsWe evaluated current evidence via a systematic literature search utilising PRISMA guidelines and developed pragmatic guidelines to adapt ICD diagnostic criteria in PWDID. A brief screener [Glasgow Level of Ability and Development Scale (GLADs)] for detecting DID was also studied internationally within the context of clinical utility (n = 136).ResultsThe evidence base relating to mental disorders in PWDID is poor, significantly hampered by difficulties in applicability of diagnostic criteria. The GLADs appears to be a promising screening tool with good clinical utility for detecting disorders of intellectual development (DID) particularly where resources are scarce.ConclusionsPragmatic modifications to ICD-11 diagnostic criteria and the GLADS tool facilitates its clinical utility for PWDID and contributes significantly to enhancing research based evidence, and, ultimately their health access and well-being.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Translational inhibitors as potential therapeutic tool of human neuroblastoma through mitochondrial gene expression
Authors: Hina S. 
Published: June 2017

Neuroblastoma is a solid neuroendocrine tumour and most common type of cancer of infancy. It is a complex heterogeneous disease and many factors such as molecular, cellular and genetic features are involved in its development. Mitochondria play a pivotal role in neuronal cell survival or death. Neurons are highly reliant on aerobic oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for their energy needs. Defective activities of mitochondrial complexes I, II, III and IV have been identified in many neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Human mitochondria with its own genetic material meet the needs required for the assembly of subunits of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes. A number of translational inhibitors are known that could potentially effect translation of mitochondrial protein synthesis. Among these puromycin, homoharringtonine and cyclohexamide were selected for the present study. The effect of these translational inhibitors on mitochondrial gene expression for the treatment of neuroblastoma are not well established. Therefore, in this study, we have investigated the effects of these translational inhibitors on the expression of human mitochondrial gene expression in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.We observed a significant effect on the level of mitochondrial transcripts upon exposure to these translation inhibitors in SH-SY5Y cells, however, the effects on expression of mitochondrial proteins were minimal. This suggests that translational inhibitors might not directly affect the abundance of mitochondrial proteins. Translational inhibitors induce significant effect on mitochondrial gene expression that can be lead to the new-targeted therapy for treating neuroblastoma.
Prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy
Authors: Charfi N. , Daoud S. , Farhat N. , Bouali M. Maâlej , Zouari L. , Zouari N. , Thabet J. Ben , Damak M. , Mhiri C. , Maalej M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEpilepsy is a chronic disease defined as a brain disorder, characterized by a predisposition to present seizures, generating cognitive, psychological, and social consequences.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of psychiatric comorbid disorders in patients with epilepsy (PWEs) and its associated factors.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study involving 30 PWEs who were treated in the neurology department of Habib Bourguiba Hospital in Sfax, Tunisia. We used the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview for the diagnosis of Axis I psychiatric disorders.ResultsThe half of patients had psychiatric comorbidities: 4 had major depressive disorder (MDD), 2 had MDD with generalized anxiety disorder, 4 had MDD with social phobia, 1 had bipolar disorder type I, 1 had panic disorder, 1 had agoraphobia and 2 had generalized anxiety disorder.Twenty-five PWEs had seizure-onset below 30 years old and among them, 40% had psychiatric comorbidities. Among patients who had seizure-onset above 30 years old, none had psychiatric comorbidities. Psychiatric comorbidities were found in 71.5% of patients with seizure frequency >2 per year. Psychiatric comorbidities were more common in patients with generalized seizures compared to whom with partial seizures (53% versus 45%). It was also more common in patients treated with polytherapy compared to whom with monotherapy (64% versus 37.5%).ConclusionThe prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities is relatively high among PWEs. The most frequent diagnoses found were mood and anxiety disorders. It is very important to identify them and treat them to enhance seizure control.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.