bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRISMA-Children (C) and PRISMA-Protocol for Children (P-C) Extensions: a study protocol for the development of guidelines for the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of newborn and child health research
Authors: Kapadia Mufiza Z , Askie Lisa , Hartling Lisa , Contopoulos-Ioannidis Despina , Bhutta Zulfiqar A , Soll Roger , Moher David , Offringa Martin 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionPaediatric systematic reviews differ from adult systematic reviews in several key aspects such as considerations of child tailored interventions, justifiable comparators, valid outcomes and child sensitive search strategies. Available guidelines, including PRISMA-P (2015) and PRISMA (2009), do not cover all the complexities associated with reporting systematic reviews in the paediatric population. Using a collaborative, multidisciplinary structure, we aim to develop evidence-based and consensus-based PRISMA-P-C (Protocol for Children) and PRISMA-C (Children) Extensions to guide paediatric systematic review protocol and completed review reporting.Methods and analysisThis project's methodology follows published recommendations for developing reporting guidelines and involves the following six phases; (1) establishment of a steering committee representing key stakeholder groups; (2) a scoping review to identify potential Extension items; (3) three types of consensus activities including meetings of the steering committee to achieve high-level decisions on the content and methodology of the Extensions, a survey of key stakeholders to generate a list of possible items to include in the Extensions and a formal consensus meeting to select the reporting items to add to, or modify for, the Extension; (4) the preliminary checklist items generated in phase III will be evaluated against the existing evidence and reporting practices in paediatric systematic reviews; (5) extension statements and explanation and elaboration documents will provide detailed advice for each item and examples of good reporting; (6) development and implementation of effective knowledge translation of the extension checklist, and an evaluation of the Extensions by key stakeholders.Ethics and DisseminationThis protocol was considered a quality improvement project by the Hospital for Sick Children's Ethics Committee and did not require ethical review. The resultant checklists, jointly developed with all relevant stakeholders, will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals as well as national and international conference presentations. Endorsement of the checklist will be sought simultaneously in multiple journals.
An audit of the quality of inpatient care for adults with learning disability in the UK
Authors: Sheehan Rory , Gandesha Aarti , Hassiotis Angela , Gallagher Pamela , Burnell Matthew , Jones Glyn , Kerr Michael , Hall Ian , Chaplin Robert , Crawford Michael J 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo audit patient hospital records to evaluate the performance of acute general and mental health services in delivering inpatient care to people with learning disability and explore the influence of organisational factors on the quality of care they deliver.SettingNine acute general hospital Trusts and six mental health services.ParticipantsAdults with learning disability who received inpatient hospital care between May 2013 and April 2014.Primary and secondary outcome measuresData on seven key indicators of high-quality care were collected from 176 patients. These covered physical health/monitoring, communication and meeting needs, capacity and decision-making, discharge planning and carer involvement. The impact of services having an electronic system for flagging patients with learning disability and employing a learning disability liaison nurse was assessed.ResultsIndicators of physical healthcare (body mass index, swallowing assessment, epilepsy risk assessment) were poorly recorded in acute general and mental health inpatient settings. Overall, only 34 (19.3%) patients received any assessment of swallowing and 12 of the 57 with epilepsy (21.1%) had an epilepsy risk assessment. For most quality indicators, there was a non-statistically significant trend for improved performance in services with a learning disability liaison nurse. The presence of an electronic flagging system showed less evidence of benefit.ConclusionsInpatient care for people with learning disability needs to be improved. The work gives tentative support to the role of a learning disability liaison nurse in acute general and mental health services, but further work is needed to confirm these benefits and to trial other interventions that might improve the quality and safety of care for this high-need group.
Loneliness, social isolation and social relationships: what are we measuring? A novel framework for classifying and comparing tools
Authors: Valtorta Nicole K , Kanaan Mona , Gilbody Simon , Hanratty Barbara 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesWe present a novel way of classifying and comparing measures of social relationships to help readers interpret the growing literature on loneliness and social isolation and to provide researchers with a starting point to guide their choice of measuring tool.MethodsMeasures of social relationships used in epidemiological studies were identified from two systematic reviews—one review on the association between social relationships and health and social care service use, and a second review on the association between social relationships and health. Questions from each measure were retrieved and tabulated to derive a classification of social relationship measures.ResultsWe present a classification of measures according to two dimensions: (1) whether instruments cover structural or functional aspects of social relationships and (2) the degree of subjectivity asked of respondents. We explain how this classification can be used to clarify the remit of the many questionnaires used in the literature and to compare them.ConclusionsDifferent dimensions of social relationships are likely to have different implications for health. Our classification of social relationship measures transcends disciplinary and conceptual boundaries, allowing researchers to compare tools that developed from different theoretical perspectives. Careful choice of measures is essential to further our understanding of the links between social relationships and health, to identify people in need of help and to design appropriate prevention and intervention strategies.
Use of okara (aqueous extract residue) in the diet of starter broilers
Authors: Diaz-Vargas M. , Murakami A.E. , Ospina-Rojas I.C. , Zanetti L.H. , Puzotti M.M. , Guerra A.F.Q.G. 
Published: April 2016

Two experiments were carried out to determine the chemical composition of okara and to evaluate the performance and carcass yield of broilers fed diets containing increasing levels of okara. In experiment 1, a total of 72 21-d-old Cobb male broilers were distributed in an entirely randomized experimental design consisting of three treatments and four replicates of six birds each. The energy in okara was 2972 kcal of AME kg−1, with an apparent metabolizable energy (AME) coefficient of 60.72 (% dry matter). In experiment 2, a total of 840 male Cobb male chicks were distributed in an entirely randomized experimental design consisting of six treatments (0.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10% okara inclusion) and six replicates of 28 birds each. The inclusion of increasing levels of okara from 1 to 21 d of age linearly reduced (P < 0.05) weight gain and feed intake, without affecting (P > 0.05) feed conversion, carcass, breast, drumstick, and thigh yields at 42 d of age. Economic analysis indicated that a 10.0% inclusion level of okara in broiler diets during the starter phase produced the best economic results.
Development of Engineered T Cells Expressing a Chimeric CD16-CD3ζ Receptor to Improve the Clinical Efficacy of Mogamulizumab Therapy Against Adult T-Cell Leukemia
Authors: Tanaka Hiroki , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Ochi Fumihiro , Tanimoto Kazushi , Casey Nicholas , Okamoto Sachiko , Mineno Junichi , Kuzushima Kiyotaka , Shiku Hiroshi , Sugiyama Takashi , Barrett A. John , Yasukawa Masaki 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Mogamulizumab (Mog), a humanized anti-CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) mAb that mediates antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) using FcγR IIIa (CD16)-expressing effector cells, has recently been approved for treatment of CCR4-positive adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) in Japan. However, Mog failure has sometimes been observed in patients who have accompanying chemotherapy-associated lymphocytopenia. In this study, we examined whether adoptive transfer of artificial ADCC effector cells combined with Mog would overcome this drawback.
Experimental Design: We lentivirally gene-modified peripheral blood T cells from healthy volunteers and ATL patients expressing the affinity-increased chimeric CD16-CD3ζ receptor (cCD16ζ-T cells). Subsequently, we examined the ADCC effect mediated by those cCD16ζ-T cells in the presence of Mog against ATL tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo.
Results: cCD16ζ-T cells derived from healthy donors killed in vitro Mog-opsonized ATL cell line cells (n = 7) and primary ATL cells (n = 4) depending on both the number of effector cells and the dose of the antibody. cCD16ζ-T cells generated from ATL patients (n = 3) also exerted cytocidal activity in vitro against Mog-opsonized autologous ATL cells. Using both intravenously disseminated model (n = 5) and subcutaneously inoculated model (n = 4), coadministration of Mog and human cCD16ζ-T cells successfully suppressed tumor growth in xenografted immunodeficient mice, and significantly prolonged their survival (P &lt; 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively).
Conclusions: These data strongly suggest clinical feasibility of the novel combined adoptive immunotherapy using cCD16ζ-T cells and Mog for treatment of aggressive ATL, particularly in patients who are ineligible for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4405–16. ©2016 AACR.
Integrated Regional Cardiac Hemodynamic Imaging and RNA Sequencing Reveal Corresponding Heterogeneity of Ventricular Wall Shear Stress and Endocardial Transcriptome
Authors: McCormick Margaret E. , Manduchi Elisabetta , Witschey Walter R. T. , Gorman Robert C. , Gorman Joseph H. , Jiang Yi‐Zhou , Stoeckert Christian J. , Barker Alex J. , Markl Michael , Davies Peter F. 
Published: April 2016

Background
Unlike arteries, in which regionally distinct hemodynamics are associated with phenotypic heterogeneity, the relationships between endocardial endothelial cell phenotype and intraventricular flow remain largely unexplored. We investigated regional differences in left ventricular wall shear stress and their association with endocardial endothelial cell gene expression.

Methods and Results

Local wall shear stress was calculated from 4‐dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging in 3 distinct regions of human (n=8) and pig (n=5) left ventricle: base, adjacent to the outflow tract; midventricle; and apex. In both species, wall shear stress values were significantly lower in the apex and midventricle relative to the base; oscillatory shear index was elevated in the apex.
RNA
sequencing of the endocardial endothelial cell transcriptome in pig left ventricle (n=8) at a false discovery rate ≤10% identified 1051 genes differentially expressed between the base and the apex and 327 between the base and the midventricle; no differentially expressed genes were detected at this false discovery rate between the apex and the midventricle. Enrichment analyses identified apical upregulation of genes associated with translation initiation including mammalian target of rapamycin, and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 signaling. Genes of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative phosphorylation were also consistently upregulated in the left ventricular apex, as were tissue factor pathway inhibitor (mean 50‐fold) and prostacyclin synthase (5‐fold)—genes prominently associated with antithrombotic protection.

Conclusions
We report the first spatiotemporal measurements of wall shear stress within the left ventricle and linked regional hemodynamics to heterogeneity in ventricular endothelial gene expression, most notably to translation initiation and anticoagulation properties in the left ventricular apex, in which oscillatory shear index is increased and wall shear stress is decreased.
Spontaneous Wave Generation at Strongly Strained Density Fronts
Authors: Shakespeare Callum J. , Taylor John R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA simple analytical model is presented describing the spontaneous generation of inertia–gravity waves at density fronts subjected to strong horizontal strain rates. The model considers fronts of arbitrary horizontal and vertical structure in a semi-infinite domain, with a single boundary at the ocean surface. Waves are generated because of the acceleration of the steady uniform strain flow around the density front, analogous to the generation of lee waves via flow over a topographic ridge. Significant wave generation only occurs for sufficiently strong strain rates α > 0.2f and sharp fronts H/L > 0.5f/N, where f is the Coriolis parameter, N is the stratification, and H and L are the height and width scales of the front, respectively. The frequencies of the generated waves are entirely determined by the strain rate. The lowest-frequency wave predicted to be generated via this mechanism has a Lagrangian frequency ω = 1.93f as measured in a reference frame moving with the background strain flow. The model is intended as a first-order description of wave generation at submesoscale (1 to 10 km wide) fronts where large strain rates are commonplace. The analytical model compares well with fully nonlinear numerical simulations of the submesoscale regime.
Measuring the Useful Field of View During Simulated Driving With Gaze-Contingent Displays
Authors: Gaspar John G. , Ward Nathan , Neider Mark B. , Crowell James , Carbonari Ronald , Kaczmarski Henry , Ringer Ryan V. , Johnson Aaron P. , Kramer Arthur F. , Loschky Lester C. 
Published: April 2016

Objective: We aimed to develop and test a new dynamic measure of transient changes to the useful field of view (UFOV), utilizing a gaze-contingent paradigm for use in realistic simulated environments. Background: The UFOV, the area from which an observer can extract visual information during a single fixation, has been correlated with driving performance and crash risk. However, some existing measures of the UFOV cannot be used dynamically in realistic simulators, and other UFOV measures involve constant stimuli at fixed locations. We propose a gaze-contingent UFOV measure (the GC-UFOV) that solves the above problems. Methods: Twenty-five participants completed four simulated drives while they concurrently performed an occasional gaze-contingent Gabor orientation discrimination task. Gabors appeared randomly at one of three retinal eccentricities (5°, 10°, or 15°). Cognitive workload was manipulated both with a concurrent auditory working memory task and with driving task difficulty (via presence/absence of lateral wind). Results: Cognitive workload had a detrimental effect on Gabor discrimination accuracy at all three retinal eccentricities. Interestingly, this accuracy cost was equivalent across eccentricities, consistent with previous findings of “general interference” rather than “tunnel vision.” Conclusion: The results showed that the GC-UFOV method was able to measure transient changes in UFOV due to cognitive load in a realistic simulated environment. Application: The GC-UFOV paradigm developed and tested in this study is a novel and effective tool for studying transient changes in the UFOV due to cognitive load in the context of complex real-world tasks such as simulated driving.
Community partnerships (UK) vs Crime Prevention Councils (GER)
Authors: Frevel Bernhard , Rogers Colin 
Published: April 2016

In the past two decades or so the way in which policing has been delivered to communities across Europe has changed. Previously, police agencies provided much of the public’s security as a ‘stand-alone’ public body, with little or no interaction with other organisations. However, for a number of reasons explored in this article, police agencies across Europe have been engaged in building what has been termed a ‘multi-agency’ partnership, to aid their delivery of a wide range of police-type activities surrounding safety and security. This article considers the rise of such partnerships, focusing upon England & Wales (UK) and Germany. It further considers the context for the approaches adopted by both countries, and critically examines the differences and similarities between these approaches using the extensive individual research of the authors. Whilst acknowledging the difficulties associated with transnational research in general, the authors conclude that their use of similar research methods reveals some areas of close proximity in the approaches in each country, whilst acknowledging some areas of difference and under-development. Further research containing a planned and concrete research design, it is concluded, should provide for better understanding of the complexities of this kind of approach to policing in different countries.
Immunohistochemical analysis of insulin-like growth factor 1 and its receptor in sporadic schwannoma/peripheral nerve sheath tumour
Authors: Matsubara Fumiaki , Katabami Takuyuki , Asai Shiko , Ariizumi Yasushi , Maeda Ichiro , Takagi Masayuki , Keely May McNamara , Ono Katsuhiko , Maekawa Takashi , Nakamura Yasuhiro , Tanaka Yasushi , Sasano Hironobu 
Published: April 2016

Objective To investigate the immunohistochemical localization of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) in archival specimens of sporadic schwannoma. Method This study retrospectively analysed the immunolocalization of IGF-1 and IGF-1R in schwannoma specimens collected from all patients with sporadic schwannoma that were treated by two institutions in Japan. The study also evaluated the association between the extent of the IGF-1 and IGF-1R immunoreactivity and several clinicopathological characteristics (age, sex and maximum tumour dimension). Results The study examined a total of 29 sporadic schwannoma specimens. IGF-1 and IGF-1R immunoreactivity was detected in the majority of the specimens regardless of their anatomical location. IGF-1 and IGF-1R were not co-localized. There was no association between the extent of the IGF-1 and IGF-1R immunoreactivity and the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients. Conclusions As IGF-1 and IGF-1R immunoreactivity was detected in the majority of sporadic schwannoma specimens regardless of their anatomical location, these findings suggest that an IGF-1/IGF-1R loop could play a role in the tumorigenesis and progression of schwannomas via an autocrine–paracrine mechanism.
RETRACTED: Antecedents to Customer Dependency in Buyer–Seller Relationship: A BOP Retailer Investigation
Authors: Koul Surabhi , Sinha Piyush Kumar , Mishra Hari Govind 
Published: April 2016

At the request of the Journal Editor and the author, the following article has been retracted. Koul, S., Sinha, P.K., & Mishra, H.G. (2016). Antecedents to customer dependency in buyer– seller relationship: A BOP retailer investigation. Global Business Review, 17(3), 610–629. DOI: 10.1177/0972150916630472 It was brought to the attention of the Editors and the Publisher that the article has some text and data issues. Upon further review, such errors were deemed to be significant enough to affect the reliability of the published research and the overall quality of the paper. Keeping such an article in public domain with high similarity index is not ethical and it was therefore decided to retract the article.
Susac’s syndrome: Leptomeningeal enhancement on 3D FLAIR MRI
Authors: Engisch Renate , Titelbaum David S , Chilver-Stainer Lara , Kellner-Weldon Frauke 
Published: April 2016

Background: Contrast-enhanced (ce) fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging (FLAIR MRI) has recently been shown to identify leptomeningeal pathology in multiple sclerosis. Objective: To demonstrate leptomeningeal enhancement on three-dimensional (3D) FLAIR in a case of Susac’s syndrome. Methods: Leptomeningeal enhancement was correlated with clinical activity over 20 months and compared to retinal fluorescein angiography. Results: The size, number, and location of leptomeningeal enhancement varied over time and generally correlated with symptom severity. The appearance was remarkably similar to that of retinal vasculopathy. Conclusion: Ce 3D FLAIR may aid in diagnosis and understanding of pathophysiology in Susac’s syndrome and may serve as a biomarker for disease activity.
Central arterial stiffness is associated with systemic inflammation among Asians with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Liu Jian Jun , Fang Sum Chee , Ying Yeoh Lee , Tavintharan Subramaniam , Ng Xiao Wei , Su Chang , Low Serena , Lee Simon BM , Tang Wern Ee , Lim Su Chi 
Published: April 2016

Objective: To examine the relationship between inflammation and central arterial stiffness in a type 2 diabetes Asian cohort. Method: Central arterial stiffness was estimated by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. Linear regression model was used to evaluate the association of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products with pulse wave velocity and augmentation index. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was analysed as a continuous variable and categories (<1, 1–3, and >3 mg/L). Results: There is no association between high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and pulse wave velocity. Augmentation index increased with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein as a continuous variable ( β = 0.328, p = 0.049) and categories ( β = 1.474, p = 0.008 for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: 1–3 mg/L and β = 1.323, p = 0.019 for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: >3 mg/L) after multivariable adjustment. No association was observed between augmentation index and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products. Each unit increase in natural log–transformed soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products was associated with 0.328 m/s decrease in pulse wave velocity after multivariable adjustment ( p = 0.007). Conclusion: Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and decreased soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products are associated with augmentation index and pulse wave velocity, respectively, suggesting the potential role of systemic inflammation in the pathogenesis of central arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.