bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The medical complications associated with purging
Authors: Forney K. Jean , Buchman‐Schmitt Jennifer M. , Keel Pamela K. , Frank Guido K.W. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivePurging behaviors, including self‐induced vomiting, laxative abuse, and diuretic abuse, are present across many of the eating disorders. Here we review the major medical complications of these behaviors.MethodAlthough we identified over 100 scholarly articles describing medical complications associated with purging, most papers involved case studies or small, uncontrolled samples. Given the limited evidence base, we conducted a qualitative (rather than systematic) review to identify medical complications that have been attributed to purging behaviors.ResultsMedical conditions affecting the teeth, esophagus, gastrointestinal system, kidneys, skin, cardiovascular system, and musculoskeletal system were identified, with self‐induced vomiting causing the most medical complications.DiscussionPurging behavior can be associated with severe medical complications across all body systems. Mental health professionals should refer patients with purging behaviors to medical providers for screening and treatment as needed. The medical work‐up for individuals with eating disorders should include a comprehensive metabolic panel, complete blood count, and a full body exam including the teeth to prevent severe complications. Medical providers should screen patients for purging behaviors and associated medical complications, even in the absence of an eating disorder diagnosis, to increase the detection of eating disorders. Recognizing the link between purging and medical complications can aid in identifying potential eating disorders, particularly those that often elude detection such as purging disorder.
All‐Polystyrene 3D‐Printed Electrochemical Device with Embedded Carbon Nanofiber‐Graphite‐Polystyrene Composite Conductor
Authors: Rymansaib Zuhayr , Iravani Pejman , Emslie Edward , Medvidović‐Kosanović Martina , Sak‐Bosnar Milan , Verdejo Raquel , Marken Frank 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCarbon nanofibres (CNFs) and graphite flake microparticles were added to thermoplastic polystyrene polymer with the aim of making new conductive blends suitable for 3D‐printing. Various polymer/carbon blends were evaluated for suitability as printable, electroactive material. An electrically conducting polystyrene composite was developed and used with commercially available polystyrene (HIPS) to manufacture electrodes suitable for electrochemical experiments. Electrodes were produced and evaluated for cyclic voltammetry of aqueous 1,1’‐ferrocenedimethanol and differential pulse voltammetry detection of aqueous Pb2+ via anodic stripping. A polystyrene/CNF/graphite (80/10/10 wt%) composite provides good conductivity and a stable electrochemical interface with well‐defined active geometric surface area. The printed electrodes form a stable interface to the polystyrene shell, give good signal to background voltammetric responses, and are reusable after polishing.
Evaluating Forecasts of a Vector of Variables: A German Forecasting Competition
Authors: Sinclair Tara , Stekler Herman O. , Muller‐Droge Hans Christian 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper we explore methodologies appropriate for evaluating a forecasting competition when the participants predict a number of variables that may be related to each other and are judged for a single period. Typically, forecasting competitions are judged on a variable‐by‐variable basis, but a multivariate analysis is required to determine how each competitor performed overall. We use three different multivariate tests to determine an overall winner for a forecasting competition for the German economy across 25 different institutions for a single time period using a vector of eight key economic variables. We find that neglecting the cross‐variable relationships greatly alters the outcome of the forecasting competition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The prevalence and characteristics of hallucinations, delusions and minor phenomena in a non‐demented population sample aged 60 years and over
Authors: Soulas Thierry , Cleret de Langavant Laurent , Monod Valérie , Fénelon Gilles 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivePsychotic phenomena can occur in non‐clinical subjects. The goals of this study were to assess the prevalence of delusions, hallucinations and minor ‘psychotic’ phenomena (visual illusions, feeling of presence and passage hallucinations) and to describe the characteristics of the latter in a non‐clinical older population.MethodsThree hundred and thirteen individuals aged 60 years and older, without cognitive deficits (according to mini‐mental state examination scores) or patent psychotic disease, answered a structured questionnaire focusing on delusions, hallucinations and minor phenomena that they had experienced in the previous month. The study sample was stratified by age and gender according to French demographic characteristics.ResultsTwenty per cent of participants reported one or more psychotic phenomena. These subjects did not differ from those without psychotic symptoms as regards their age, mini‐mental state examination scores or education. Minor phenomena were the most common (13%). Hallucinations, in any sensory modality, occurred in 9% of participants. No verbal auditory hallucinations or delusions were reported. The prevalence of minor phenomena increased with age and was associated with the use of psychoactive drugs.ConclusionBy extending the spectrum of psychotic symptoms to minor phenomena, we found that psychotic symptoms were common in a non‐clinical older population. Whether the increasing prevalence of minor phenomena with age is due to prodromal neurodegenerative disease or to other factors remains to be investigated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cervical nodal metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: MRI criteria for treatment assessment
Authors: King Ann D. , Yu Kwok‐Hung , Mo Frankie Kwok Fai , Law Benjamin King Hong , Yuen Tom Wing Cheung , Bhatia Kunwar S. , Vlantis Alexander C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess MRI criteria for detecting residual malignant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) nodes after chemoradiotherapy (CRT).MethodsOne hundred and six metastatic nodes were assessed 6 weeks posttreatment by MRI for necrosis, extranodal neoplastic spread (ENS), size, and percentage of size change. Size measurements were reanalyzed after dividing posttreatment nodes into “discrete solid,” “discrete necrotic,” and “indiscrete” groups. Results were correlated with nodal response at 2 years.ResultsEighty‐three residual nodes were benign and 23 were malignant. Significant predictors of outcome were percentage of change in solid volume (total‐necrotic volume; p = .0002) for all posttreatment nodes and percentage of change in total volume for “discrete solid” posttreatment nodes (p = .0003), the latter showing a ≤78% reduction of predicted residual malignant nodes with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.2% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 60%. Necrosis, ENS, and size of “discrete necrotic” and “indiscrete” nodes were not significant criteria.ConclusionNecrosis and ENS were inaccurate criteria for residual malignant nodes and hindered the accuracy of size measurements. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1598–E1604, 2016
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 kindred with novel tandem RET mutations: Case report with an applied in silico mutational tolerance analysis
Authors: Joshi Rohan R. , Heineman Thomas E. , Kutler David I. , Cohen Marc A. , Kuhel William I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe American Thyroid Association (ATA) has established guidelines for prophylactic thyroidectomy in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) based on rearranged during transfection (RET) mutations. In silico analysis, which uses computer modeling to predict alterations in protein structure, is a new method for studying these mutations.MethodsWe describe a kindred with MEN2A, all sharing a well‐documented RET mutation, p.C634Y, as well as a mutation of undetermined significance, p.I852M, which we analyzed via in silico analysis.ResultsThe p.C634Y mutation resulted in severe predicted RET alterations, whereas the p.I852M resulted in only modest changes. Both mutations together resulted in only a small additional disruptive effect in protein structure beyond that which occurred with p.C634Y alone.ConclusionAlthough in silico analysis may be helpful in quantitating changes in protein structure that occur in patients who have novel RET mutations (single or multiple), additional factors must account for the highly variable aggressiveness of the disease (C‐cell hyperplasia/medullary thyroid carcinoma [MTC]) noted in our kindred. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1881–E1885, 2016
Estimation of Poverty Transition Matrices with Noisy Data
Authors: Lee Nayoung , Ridder Geert , Strauss John 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis paper investigates measurement error biases in estimated poverty transition matrices. We compare transition matrices based on survey expenditure data to transition matrices based on measurement‐error‐free simulated expenditure. The simulation model uses estimates that correct for measurement error in expenditure. We find that time‐varying measurement error in expenditure data magnifies economic mobility. Roughly 45% of households initially in poverty at time t − 1 are found to be out of poverty at time t using data from the Korean Labor and Income Panel Study. When measurement error is removed, this drops to between 26 and 31% of households initially in poverty. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictors of incipient dysfunction of all cardiac chambers after treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma by tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Moustafa Sherif , Ho Thai H. , Shah Parth , Murphy Katie , Nelluri Bhargava K. , Lee Howard , Wilansky Susan , Mookadam Farouk 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeWe aimed to explore the hypothesis that early subclinical cardiac chamber dysfunction secondary to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma could be signaled by abnormal cardiac mechanics demonstrated by velocity vector imaging.MethodsEchocardiographic images were acquired from the apical views in 23 metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients. All patients had baseline and at least a 3‐month follow‐up echocardiogram after receiving TKI therapy. Subendocardial borders of all the cardiac chambers were traced to obtain volumetric and deformation indices.ResultsMean age was 67 ± 9 years with 92% men. The right ventricle peak systolic global longitudinal strain (GLɛ) and strain rate were significantly lower after TKIs (−23.49 ± 5.1 versus −19.81 ± 5.5, p = 0.002 and −1.52 ± 0.52 versus −1.24 ± 0.35 p = 0.02, respectively). LV GLɛ was not statistically different. Volumetric and deformation indices showed a minimal decrease of the right atrium reservoir and conduit functions, and no significant changes of left atrial function.ConclusionsThe right heart exhibited greater strain changes than the left heart after TKI treatment. The implications of these findings and their potential significance warrant further work. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:221–230, 2016
Uh‐Oh! What Have We Missed? A Qualitative Investigation into Everyday Insight Experience
Authors: Hill Gillian , Kemp Shelly M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study takes a novel qualitative approach to the investigation of everyday insight experience. It offers ecological validation to findings principally rendered, prior to this research, from a quantitative, cognitive standpoint. In addition, it considers emotional as well as cognitive components of insight. Participants were given different (or no) definitions of insight to ensure experiences collected did not simply mirror the examples of insight provided. This avoided the circularity problem of previous insight research. With the use of an open‐ended questionnaire (online or hardcopy), first‐hand textual accounts of insight instances were recorded. Data collected from 76 participants were analyzed using an adapted qualitative methodology, Integrative Thematic Analysis. This enabled the researchers to identify themes from the data, building a new typology of insight: Content (Personal, Intellectual, Practical), Process (Social Facilitation, Time Away, Active Search) and Feelings (Positive Feelings, Negative Feelings) aspects of insight. The findings suggest everyday experience of insight reaches beyond cognitive problem solving to include elements related to applied psychology, namely Personal (counseling psychology) and Social Facilitation (occupational psychology). Notably, this study offers examples of negative insight, Uh‐oh moments, for the first time. Future research should focus on the interaction of cognitive and affective components in insight moments.
Hydraulic properties of Eucalyptus grandis in response to nitrate and phosphate deficiency and sudden changes in their availability
Authors: Graciano Corina , Faustino Laura I. , Zwieniecki Maciej A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSome herbaceous plant species have been shown to dynamically alter the hydraulic properties of their roots in response to sudden changes in the concentrations of mobile nutrients. These hydraulic adaptations effectively allow plants to ‘chase' mobile nutrients across the rhizosphere. Trees, on the other hand, could mitigate effects of heterogeneous, dynamic soil environments with extensive root systems as such systems would effectively equalize nutrient availability. In addition, large dendritic root systems would reduce the effectiveness of rapid, localized, physiological hydraulic changes as these local changes might cancel each other at lower‐order root junctions. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine if trees (Eucalyptus grandis) employ short‐term (minutes to hours), physiological hydraulic changes or rely on long‐term (days), growth‐based hydraulic acclimations to enhance mobile nutrient uptake. We used two nutrients, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), that are characterized by contrasting soil mobility: N being mobile and P immobile. Transpiration, whole‐plant hydraulic resistance (liquid phase), and the hydraulic resistance of single roots of E. grandis plants grown in high and low N combined with high and low P availability were measured. In general, plants grown with high N availability had lower whole‐plant hydraulic resistance than plants grown with low N availability. When N or P were in short supply, a sudden addition of N or P did not change either single‐root or whole‐plant hydraulic resistance at a given leaf water potential. However, addition of N reduced the transpiration rate, thus, enhancing plant water status, suggesting that E. grandis behavior prioritizes water conservation over N uptake in short‐term. Prolonged exposure to low nutrient availability resulted in high overall hydraulic resistance further suggesting prioritization of water conservation over N gain.
Phenology, photosynthesis, and phosphorus in European beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) in two forest soils with contrasting P contents
Authors: Yang Nan , Zavišić Aljoša , Pena Rodica , Polle Andrea 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPhosphorus (P) is often a limiting macronutrient in temperate forests, but knowledge on the phenological and physiological responses of beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) to P deficiency is scarce. In this study, young beech trees were excavated with intact soil cores from two German forests, Unterlüss (LUE) with low soil P and Bad Brückenau (BBR) with high soil P concentrations. The trees were transferred to identical climatic conditions. In the subsequent growth phase phenological stages during bud burst and leaf unfolding were recorded; biomass production and total P concentrations in different tissues were measured. Seasonal fluctuations in photosynthesis and of soluble P in wood and bark exudates were determined. BBR beeches grew faster and produced more and larger leaves than the LUE beeches. Leaf extension and unfolding were delayed in LUE compared with BBR beeches, but not the time point of bud break. All plant tissues of BBR trees contained higher total P concentrations than those of LUE trees. Strong seasonal fluctuations for P in exudates of beech transport tissues, wood and bark, indicated higher P supply in BBR than in LUE plants, especially at the beginning of the growth phase until leaf maturity. Photosynthetic activity of LUE beeches was lower than that of BBR beeches due to stomatal limitations as the result of anatomically smaller stomatal pore widths, but not as the result of acute biochemical limitation of photosynthesis. Our results suggest that developmental retardation and lower photosynthesis under low P availability may be adaptation mechanisms that adjust the acquisition and recycling of P resources to seasonal growth demand.
Effects of Task‐Oriented Training as an Added Treatment to Electromyogram‐Triggered Neuromuscular Stimulation on Upper Extremity Function in Chronic Stroke Patients
Authors: Kim Sun‐Ho , Park Ji‐Hyuk , Jung Min‐Ye , Yoo Eun‐Young 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of electromyogram‐triggered neuromuscular stimulation (EMG‐stim) combined with task‐oriented training (TOT) on upper extremity function in chronic stroke patients. Twenty chronic stroke patients were randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 10) or control (n = 10) group. The intervention group conducted TOT with EMG‐stim on the wrist and finger extensor of the affected arm for 30 minutes per day, 5 days per week, for 4 weeks. The control group was provided EMG‐stim for 20 minutes per day for the same duration. The intervention group exhibited significant improvement relative to the control group in muscle activation, motor recovery (Fugl‐Meyer assessment) and dexterity (Box and Block Test) (p < 0.05). Significant differences in hand function between the groups were detected in the writing of short sentences and in stacking checkers (p < 0.05). It is concluded that EMG‐stim in combination with TOT may be better than EMG‐stim alone for the treatment of arm paresis in stroke patients. Further research with a larger sample is recommended to examine neurologic changes or cerebral cortex reorganization. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empirical Correlation of Minimum Burning Pressures of Ammonium Nitrate Emulsions
Authors: Chan Sek Kwan , Turcotte Richard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractExperimental minimum burning pressures (MBP) of emulsions with solution phase containing ammonium nitrate/water, ammonium nitrate/sodium nitrate/water, and ammonium nitrate/sodium nitrate/sodium perchlorate/water are investigated. A correlation is proposed to relate the MBP’s with the combustion temperatures. The formulations containing sodium nitrate or sodium perchlorate have much lower MBP’s and can be accounted for by an activation energy of 150.7 kJ mol−1 obtained from literature for ingredients having catalyzing effects on the reaction of ammonium nitrate, e.g. sodium nitrate. The ammonium nitrate/water formulations have a higher activation energy of 173.4 kJ mol−1 deduced from an analysis of the data. The MBP vs. combustion temperature plot is linearized by a multiplication factor to the MBP that includes the activation energy of the corresponding system. This allows the MBP to be predicted from combustion temperatures determined from the formulations and the corresponding activation energy.
Strain control in AlN top layer by inserting an ultrathin GaN interlayer on an AlN template coherently grown on SiC(0001) by PAMBE
Authors: Kaneko Mitsuaki , Kimoto Tsunenobu , Suda Jun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAbstractauthoren We propose partially relaxed ultrathin GaN interlayer for strain control of AlN on SiC substrates. According to the degree of relaxation of the GaN interlayer, the lattice constant of the interlayer changes from that of SiC to that of bulk GaN, which leads to strain control of an AlN top layer grown on the interlayer. Growth of these layers is conducted by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Before growing the interlayer, an AlN layer coherently grown on SiC is used as a template layer. The interlayers that have different degrees of relaxation are successfully obtained by changing the interlayer thickness. As a result, strain values of the AlN top layer grown on the interlayers are widely controlled from compressive (−0.53%) to tensile (+ 0.07%). TEM observation revealed the relaxation is induced by U‐shaped half‐loop dislocations originating from the GaN interlayer.
Brain PET measurement of PDE10A occupancy by TAK‐063, a new PDE10A inhibitor, using [11C]T‐773 in nonhuman primates
Authors: Takano Akihiro , Stepanov Vladimir , Nakao Ryuji , Amini Nahid , Gulyás Balázs , Kimura Haruhide , Halldin Christer 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBecause phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) degrades both cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate and is distributed mainly in the striatum, PDE10A inhibitors have been considered to potentially be useful therapeutic agents for psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases such as schizophrenia and Huntington's disease. We measured striatal PDE10A occupancy by TAK‐063, a newly developed compound with high affinity and selectivity for PDE10A, using PET with [11C]T‐773 in nonhuman primates. Two 123‐min dynamic PET measurements were performed on three female rhesus monkeys, once at baseline and again after intravenous administration of different doses of TAK‐063 (0.2–1.6 mg/kg). Total distribution volume (VT) was calculated with a two‐tissue compartment model using metabolite‐corrected plasma input. Although the in vitro autoradiography did not show high specific binding to [11C]T‐773 in the cerebellum, VT in the cerebellum decreased after TAK‐063 treatment. The specific binding to PDE10A (VS) was calculated as the difference of the VT between the target regions and the cerebellum. PDE10A occupancy was calculated as the percent change of VS. The average PDE10A occupancy of the caudate nucleus and putamen was 35.2% at 0.2 mg/kg and 83.2% at 1.6 mg/kg. In conclusion, this nonhuman primate PET study demonstrated that [11C]T‐773 is useful to estimate the PDE10A occupancy by TAK‐063 in the striatum although there is in vivo interaction of the uptake between [11C]T‐773 and TAK‐063 in the cerebellum. These results warrant further clinical occupancy study for TAK‐063. Synapse 70:253–263, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.