bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: UNTERSUCHUNGEN UEBER COLISTIN VERWANDTE VERBINDUNGEN 5. MITT. DIE SYNTH. UND DIE PHARMAKOLOGISCHE AKTIVITAET EINIGER COLISTIN‐ANALOGA
Authors: KURIHARA T. , TAKEDA H. , ITO H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract41l Durch Cyclisierung eines linearen Decapeptids (IV), das durch schrittweise Reaktion aus einem Acetyltetrapeptid (II), einem Formyltetrapeptid (I) und einem Dipeptid (III) gewonnen wurde, konnte ein Lysin‐colistin, ein Analogon des natürlichen antibiotisch wirksamen Colistins,in dem 6 Moleküle a,′y‐Diaminobuttersäure durch Lysin ersetzt sind, erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON MITOMYCIN‐ANALOGA 1. MITT. SYNTH. VON 2‐METHYLPIPERAZINO(1,2‐A)INDOLDIONEN‐(6,9)
Authors: YAMADA Y. , TAKAI H. , HATANO K. , SAKAKIBARA M. , MATSUI M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAusgehend von dem Indolylcarbonsäureester (I) gelangt man durch Alkylierung mit Bromessigsäureäthylester und Natriumhydrid und nachfolgende Umsetzung mit Methylamin zum Diamid (III), welches bei 270°C unter Stickstoff in das cyclische Imid (IV) übergeht.
ChemInform Abstract: LADUNGSUEBERTRAGUNGSKOMPLEXE IN DER ORGANISCHEN CHEMIE 6. MITT. LOESUNGSMITTELEFFEKTE AUF DIE ABSORPTIONSBANDEN VON LADUNGSUEBERTRAGUNGSKOMPLEXEN, ERKLAERUNG DES VERH. VON N‐DONATORLOESUNGSMITTELN
Authors: NAGY O. B. , NAGY J. B. , BRUYLANTS A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDer von Acenaphthen mit Tetrachlorphthalsäureanhydrid gebildete CT‐Komplex wird in 32 Lösungsmitteln spektroskopisch untersucht.
Application of 2D and 3D image technologies to characterise morphological attributes of grapevine clusters
Authors: Tello Javier , Cubero Sergio , Blasco José , Tardaguila Javier , Aleixos Nuria , Ibáñez Javier 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDGrapevine cluster morphology influences the quality and commercial value of wine and table grapes. It is routinely evaluated by subjective and inaccurate methods that do not meet the requirements set by the food industry. Novel two‐dimensional (2D) and three‐dimensional (3D) machine vision technologies emerge as promising tools for its automatic and fast evaluation.RESULTSThe automatic evaluation of cluster length, width and elongation was successfully achieved by the analysis of 2D images, significant and strong correlations with the manual methods being found (r = 0.959, 0.861 and 0.852, respectively). The classification of clusters according to their shape can be achieved by evaluating their conicity in different sections of the cluster. The geometric reconstruction of the morphological volume of the cluster from 2D features worked better than the direct 3D laser scanning system, showing a high correlation (r = 0.956) with the manual approach (water displacement method). In addition, we constructed and validated a simple linear regression model for cluster compactness estimation. It showed a high predictive capacity for both the training and validation subsets of clusters (R2 = 84.5 and 71.1%, respectively).CONCLUSIONThe methodologies proposed in this work provide continuous and accurate data for the fast and objective characterisation of cluster morphology. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of carboplatin sustained‐release delivery system in dogs with cancer
Authors: Tansey Baldwin Colleen , Zwahlen Courtney H. , Kirschner Steven , Nakamura Reid K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe objective of the study was to assess the carboplatin sustained‐release (CSR) as an injectable, biodegradable polymer system designed to uniformly release carboplatin over 30 days at a dose of 350 mg m−2. The study involved seven client‐owned dogs with histologically or cytologically confirmed neoplasia that were treated withCSRintramuscularly. Platinum levels were measured at days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Complete blood cell (CBC) counts, body weight, local toxicity and side effects were also evaluated at the time of platinum measurement at days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28.CSRreleased carboplatin steadily over 30 days. Neutropenia was noted as Grade 3 in one dog (14%) and Grade 4 in two dogs (29%) at day 14, and Grade 4 in one dog (14%) at day 21. Thrombocytopenia was noted as Grade 2 in four dogs (57%), Grade 3 in one dog (14%) and Grade 4 in one dog (14%) at day 14; Grade 2 in two dogs (29%) and Grade 3 in one dog (14%) at days 21 and 28. Grade 1 lethargy in one dog (14%) and Grade 1 nausea in dog (14%) occurring within 7 days after administration. No obvious local injection site reactions were noted.CSRadministered at 350 mg m−2intramuscularly resulted in a steady release over 30 days. Myelosuppression (Grade 4) was noted in 86% of patients.CSRreleased the drug slowly and steadily, however additional studies are needed to assess acceptable dosage requirements.
Analysis of Vitamin K1 in Soybean Seed: Assessing Levels in a Lineage Representing Over 35 Years of Breeding
Authors: Thompson Melissa M. , Niemuth Ashley , Sabbatini Jane , Levin David , Breeze Matthew L. , Li Xin , Perez Timothy , Taylor Mary , Harrigan George G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecommendations by the Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) for compositional assessments of new genetically modified (GM) soybean now include measurement of vitamin K1. Here we employ an HPLC method to provide information on variation in levels of vitamin K1 in seed from soybean representing over 35 years of breeding. Vitamin K1 analysis was conducted on seed from six conventional lines and three GM glyphosate‐tolerant lines grown concurrently at two sites in the US. Vitamin K1 levels in seed were influenced by both location and germplasm. Levels were higher in the newer higher‐yielding lines when compared with the older varieties. The effect of GM was negligible. Overall, our study showed, using a method suitable for compositional assessments under OECD guidelines, that (i) variation in levels of vitamin K1 in soybean is associated with a safe history of consumption and (ii) that modern breeding strategies can be employed for soybean varietal development without adversely impacting vitamin K1 levels.
Depolarizing GABA/glycine synaptic events switch from excitation to inhibition during frequency increases
Authors: Branchereau Pascal , Cattaert Daniel , Delpy Alain , Allain Anne-Emilie , Martin Elodie , Meyrand Pierre 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBy acting on their ionotropic chloride channel receptors, GABA and glycine represent the major inhibitory transmitters of the central nervous system. Nevertheless, in various brain structures, depolarizing GABAergic/glycinergic postsynaptic potentials (dGPSPs) lead to dual inhibitory (shunting) and excitatory components, the functional consequences of which remain poorly acknowledged. Indeed, the extent to which each component prevails during dGPSP is unclear. Understanding the mechanisms predicting the dGPSP outcome on neural network activity is therefore a major issue in neurobiology. By combining electrophysiological recordings of spinal embryonic mouse motoneurons and modelling study, we demonstrate that increasing the chloride conductance (gCl) favors inhibition either during a single dGPSP or during trains in which gCl summates. Finally, based on this summation mechanism, the excitatory effect of EPSPs is overcome by dGPSPs in a frequency-dependent manner. These results reveal an important mechanism by which dGPSPs protect against the overexcitation of neural excitatory circuits.
Large-scale mitogenomics enables insights into Schizophora (Diptera) radiation and population diversity
Authors: Junqueira Ana Carolina M. , Azeredo-Espin Ana Maria L. , Paulo Daniel F. , Marinho Marco Antonio T. , Tomsho Lynn P. , Drautz-Moses Daniela I. , Purbojati Rikky W. , Ratan Aakrosh , Schuster Stephan C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTrue flies are insects of the order Diptera and encompass one of the most diverse groups of animals on Earth. Within dipterans, Schizophora represents a recent radiation of insects that was used as a model to develop a pipeline for generating complete mitogenomes using various sequencing platforms and strategies. 91 mitogenomes from 32 different species were sequenced and assembled with high fidelity, using amplicon, whole genome shotgun or single molecule sequencing approaches. Based on the novel mitogenomes, we estimate the origin of Schizophora within the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary, about 68.3 Ma. Detailed analyses of the blowfly family (Calliphoridae) place its origin at 22 Ma, concomitant with the radiation of grazing mammals. The emergence of ectoparasitism within calliphorids was dated 6.95 Ma for the screwworm fly and 2.3 Ma for the Australian sheep blowfly. Varying population histories were observed for the blowfly Chrysomya megacephala and the housefly Musca domestica samples in our dataset. Whereas blowflies (n = 50) appear to have undergone selective sweeps and/or severe bottlenecks in the New World, houseflies (n = 14) display variation among populations from different zoogeographical zones and low levels of gene flow. The reported high-throughput mitogenomics approach for insects enables new insights into schizophoran diversity and population history of flies.
Electro-optic analyzer of angular momentum hyperentanglement
Authors: Wu Ziwen , Chen Lixiang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCharacterizing a high-dimensional entanglement is fundamental in quantum information applications. Here, we propose a theoretical scheme to analyze and characterize the angular momentum hyperentanglement that two photons are entangled simultaneously in spin and orbital angular momentum. Based on the electro-optic sampling with a proposed hyper-entanglement analyzer and the simple matrix operation using Cramer rule, our simulations show that it is possible to retrieve effectively both the information about the degree of polarization entanglement and the spiral spectrum of high-dimensional orbital angular momentum entanglement.
Influence of lattice defects on the ferromagnetic resonance behaviour of 2D magnonic crystals
Authors: Manzin Alessandra , Barrera Gabriele , Celegato Federica , Coïsson Marco , Tiberto Paola 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper studies, from a modelling point of view, the influence of randomly distributed lattice defects (non-patterned areas and variable hole size) on the ferromagnetic resonance behaviour and spin wave mode profiles of 2D magnonic crystals based on Ni80Fe20 antidot arrays with hexagonal lattice. A reference sample is first defined via the comparison of experimental and simulated hysteresis loops and magnetoresistive curves of patterned films, prepared by self-assembly of polystyrene nanospheres. Second, a parametric analysis of the dynamic response is performed, investigating how edge, quasi-uniform and localized modes are affected by alterations of the lattice geometry and bias field amplitude. Finally, some results about the possible use of magnetic antidot arrays in frequency-based sensors for magnetic bead detection are presented, highlighting the need for an accurate control of microstructural features.
Temperature-dependence of the influence of the position-2-methyl group on the structure-directing effect of piperazine in the synthesis of open-framework aluminophosphates
Authors: Huang Pai , Xu Jun , Qi Guodong , Deng Feng , Xu Ruren , Yan Wenfu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe temperature-dependence of the influence of the position-2-methyl group on the structure-directing effect of piperazine in the synthesis of open-framework aluminophosphates was investigated. By heating the initial mixture with the composition of Al2O3:1.5 P2O5:R:125 H2O at 160 °C, where R is the structure-directing agent of 2-methylpiperazine or piperazine, layered aluminophosphates APMeP150 (R = 2-methylpiperazine) and AP2pip (R = piperazine) were obtained. When the same initial reaction mixture was heated at 190 °C, layered aluminophosphates APMeP200 (R = 2-methylpiperazine) and AP2pip (R = piperazine) were crystallized. APMeP200 and AP2pip have the same inorganic sheet topology. We investigated the crystallization processes of the four open-framework aluminophosphates and found that increasing the heating temperature slowed the crystallization of the initial mixtures. The non-bonding interactions between the inorganic layers of the four open-framework aluminophosphates and the experimental or theoretically generated structure-directing agents were calculated. The possible starting points of the crystallization of the four open-framework aluminophosphates were analysed and compared. The temperature-dependence of the influence of the position-2-methyl group on the structure-directing effect of piperazine revealed that the structure-directing effect, the most important factor in the synthesis of zeolites and related open-framework materials, is determined by multiple factors. The structural parameters of the same compound can be affected by the synthesis conditions.
The Transcriptional Foundations of Sp110-mediated Macrophage (RAW264.7) Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra
Authors: Wu Yongyan , Guo Zekun , Yao Kezhen , Miao Yue , Liang Shuxin , Liu Fayang , Wang Yongsheng , Zhang Yong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHuman tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a leading global health problem, causing 1.3 million deaths each year. The nuclear body protein, Sp110, has been linked to TB resistance and previous work showed that it enhances macrophage apoptosis upon Mtb infection. Here, we report on the role of Sp110 in transcriptional regulation of macrophage responses to Mtb through integrated transcriptome and mechanistic studies. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Sp110 regulates genes involved in immune responses, apoptosis, defence responses and inflammatory responses. Detailed investigation revealed that, in addition to apoptosis-related genes, Sp110 regulates cytokines, chemokines and genes that regulate intracellular survival of Mtb. Moreover, Sp110 regulates miRNA expression in macrophages, with immune and apoptosis-related miRNAs such as miR-125a, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-21a and miR-99b under Sp110 regulation. Additionally, our results showed that Sp110 upregulates BCL2 modifying factor (Bmf) by inhibiting miR-125a and forced expression of Bmf induces macrophage apoptosis. These findings not only reveal the transcriptional basis of Sp110-mediated macrophage resistance to Mtb, but also suggest potential regulatory roles for Sp110 related to inflammatory responses, miRNA profiles and the intracellular growth of Mtb.
Land use in semi-free ranging Tonkean macaques Macaca tonkeana depends on environmental conditions: A geographical information system approach
Authors: Sueur Cédric , Salze Paul , Weber Christiane , Petit Odile 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Wild animals use their habitat according to ecological pressures such as predation, resource availability or temperature, yet little is known about how individuals use their environment in semi free-ranging conditions. We assessed whether a semi-free ranging group of Tonkean macaques Macaca tonkeana used its wooded parkland in a heterogeneous way. GIS and GPS were used to determine whether individuals adjusted their behaviors according to variation in environmental constraints over time of day and the course of a year. We demonstrated that social and resting activities occurred in high altitude areas and areas with a high density of bushes, whereas the group foraged in areas where the density of bushes and grass was low. In general, the animals used areas exposed to the sun that were not on a slope. Semi-free ranging Tonkean macaques seemed to behave like their wild counterparts in terms of activity budget, land use per activity and thermoregulation.
Memory for location and visual cues in white-eared hummingbirds Hylocharis leucotis
Authors: Pérez Guillermo , Lara Carlos , Viccon-Pale José , Signoret-Poillon Martha 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In nature hummingbirds face floral resources whose availability, quality and quantity can vary spatially and temporally. Thus, they must constantly make foraging decisions about which patches, plants and flowers to visit, partly as a function of the nectar reward. The uncertainty of these decisions would possibly be reduced if an individual could remember locations or use visual cues to avoid revisiting recently depleted flowers. In the present study, we carried out field experiments with white-eared hummingbirds Hylocharis leucotis, to evaluate their use of locations or visual cues when foraging on natural flowers Penstemon roseus. We evaluated the use of spatial memory by observing birds while they were foraging between two plants and within a single plant. Our results showed that hummingbirds prefer to use location when foraging in two plants, but they also use visual cues to efficiently locate unvisited rewarded flowers when they feed on a single plant. However, in absence of visual cues, in both experiments birds mainly used the location of previously visited flowers to make subsequent visits. Our data suggest that hummingbirds are capable of learning and employing this flexibility depending on the faced environmental conditions and the information acquired in previous visits.
A cognitive model’s view of animal cognition
Authors: D’mello Sidney , Franklin Stan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Although it is a relatively new field of study, the animal cognition literature is quite extensive and difficult to synthesize. This paper explores the contributions a comprehensive, computational, cognitive model can make toward organizing and assimilating this literature, as well as toward identifying important concepts and their interrelations. Using the LIDA model as an example, a framework is described within which to integrate the diverse research in animal cognition. Such a framework can provide both an ontology of concepts and their relations, and a working model of an animal’s cognitive processes that can compliment active empirical research. In addition to helping to account for a broad range of cognitive processes, such a model can help to comparatively assess the cognitive capabilities of different animal species. After deriving an ontology for animal cognition from the LIDA model, we apply it to develop the beginnings of a database that maps the cognitive facilities of a variety of animal species. We conclude by discussing future avenues of research, particularly the use of computational models of animal cognition as valuable tools for hypotheses generation and testing.
Do black-furred animals compensate for high solar absorption with smaller hairs? A test with a polymorphic squirrel species
Authors: Fratto Melanie A. , Davis Andrew K. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In polymorphic mammalian species that display multiple color forms, those with dark, or melanic pelage would be prone to overheating, especially if they live in warm climates, because their fur absorbs solar energy at a higher rate. However, experimental studies indicate that certain physical properties of fur of dark individuals appear to prevent, or minimize heat stress, although it is not clear what properties do so. Here, we tested the possibility that black-furred individuals simply have shorter or thinner hair fibers, which would create a lighter (in terms of weight) coat or one that allows greater air flow for evaporative cooling. We examined museum specimens of eastern fox squirrels Sciurus niger, a species native to the United States and one that displays brown, grey or all-black pelage color, and used image analysis procedures to quantify hairs from the dorsal surface and tail. From examination of 43 specimens (19 brown, 9 black and 15 grey), and 1,720 hairs, we found no significant difference in hair lengths across color morphs, but significant differences in hair fiber widths. Black squirrels had thinner body hairs than other forms (7% thinner), but thicker tail hairs (9% thicker) than the others. Given that the dorsal surface would be directly exposed to solar radiation, we interpret this to be an adaptation to prevent heat stress during the day. The thicker tail hairs may be an adaptation for nighttime thermoregulation, since squirrels sleep with their tails wrapped around their bodies. These results add to a growing literature body of the functional significance of mammalian pelage.
Breeding ecology of ground tits in northeastern Tibetan plateau, with special reference to cooperative breeding system
Authors: Lu Xin , Huo Ran , Li Yang , Liao Wenbo , Wang Chen 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Data on breeding ecology of a color-band marked population of the ground tit Parus humilis were collected in north Qinghai on the Tibetan plateau, during 2008 and 2009. In spring the birds excavated 0.8-3.2 m long nesting burrows under the ground. First-egg laying occurred between late April and late June during which a pair produced one brood. Incubation was done by female alone for 15-16 days and nestling-feeding by both sexes and helpers in any for 23-25 days. Average brood size at fledging was 5.8 (± 1.4 SD, 3-8) and all the 27 observed nesting attempts fledged at least one young. At the population level, brood sex ratio did not differ from 1:1. The birds are a territory-living resident, with annual resight rates being 48% (22 of 46) in adult breeders and 10% (7 of 67) in yearlings. Pairs were socially monogamous, of which 23% (9 of 40) contained one and sometimes two male helpers, most likely being philopatric sons of the breeders. The formation of cooperative groups is similar to the population in central Tibet but differs from that in south Guansu where breeding ground tits exhibit a high level of annual turnover.
Social networks improve leaderless group navigation by facilitating long-distance communication
Authors: Bode Nikolai W. F. , Wood A. Jamie , Franks Daniel W. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Group navigation is of great importance for many animals, such as migrating flocks of birds or shoals of fish. One theory states that group membership can improve navigational accuracy compared to limited or less accurate individual navigational ability in groups without leaders (“Many-wrongs principle”). Here, we simulate leaderless group navigation that includes social connections as preferential interactions between individuals. Our results suggest that underlying social networks can reduce navigational errors of groups and increase group cohesion. We use network summary statistics, in particular network motifs, to study which characteristics of networks lead to these improvements. It is networks in which preferences between individuals are not clustered, but spread evenly across the group that are advantageous in group navigation by effectively enhancing long-distance information exchange within groups. We suggest that our work predicts a base-line for the type of social structure we might expect to find in group-living animals that navigate without leaders [Current Zoology 58 (2): 329–341, 2012].