bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The National Children’s Study: Recruitment Outcomes Using an Enhanced Household-Based Approach
Authors: Blaisdell Laura L. , Zellner Jennifer A. , King Alison A. , Faustman Elaine , Wilhelm Mari , Hudak Mark L. , Annett Robert D. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVES:
Ten National Children’s Study (NCS) study locations with diverse demographic characteristics used an enhanced household-based recruitment (EHBR) approach to enroll preconceptional and pregnant women. Study centers used different types and dosages of community outreach and engagement (COE) activities and supplemental strategies. The goal of the study was to determine whether variability in enumeration and recruitment outcomes correlated with study location characteristics or types and dosages of COE activities (number of COE events, number of advance household mailings, total media expenditures, and total COE expenditures).

METHODS:
Each of the sites provided data on COE activities, protocol implementation, supplemental recruitment activities, location demographic characteristics, and enumeration/recruitment outcomes.

RESULTS:
COE activities varied across sites in breadth and scope. Numerous strategies were used, including media advertising, social media, participation in community-wide events, presentations to stakeholders, and creation of advisory boards. Some sites included supplemental recruitment efforts. EHBR sites enrolled 1404 women at the initial pregnancy screening. No significant relationships were found between study location demographic characteristics or between the types and dosages of COE activities and recruitment outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Probability sampling for a long-term study requires a positive image with stakeholders and within communities; this requirement may be especially true for door-to-door recruitment. EHBR sites successfully recruited a representative sample of preconceptional and pregnant women. Sites reported implementing similar COE activities but with varying dosage and cost; however, analyses did not support a benefit of COE strategies on study recruitment.
Multilevel Provider-Based Sampling for Recruitment of Pregnant Women and Mother-Newborn Dyads
Authors: McLaughlin Thomas J. , Aupont Onesky , Kozinetz Claudia A. , Hubble David , Moore-Simas Tiffany A. , Davis Deborah , Park Christina , Brenner Ruth , Sepavich Deidre , Felice Marianne , Caviness Chantal , Downs Tim , Selwyn Beatrice J. , Forman Michele R. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE:
In 2010, the National Children’s Study launched 3 alternative recruitment methods to test possible improvements in efficiency compared with traditional household-based recruitment and participant enrollment. In 2012, a fourth method, provider-based sampling (PBS), tested a probability-based sampling of prenatal provider locations supplemented by a second cohort of neonates born at a convenience sample of maternity hospitals.

METHODS:
From a sampling frame of 472 prenatal care provider locations and 59 maternity hospitals, 49 provider and 7 hospital locations within or just outside 3 counties participated in study recruitment. During first prenatal care visits or immediately postdelivery at these locations, face-to-face contact was used to screen and recruit eligible women.

RESULTS:
Of 1450 screened women, 1270 were eligible. Consent rates at prenatal provider locations (62%–74% by county) were similar to those at birth locations (64%–77% by county). During 6 field months, 3 study centers enrolled a total prenatal cohort of 530 women (the majority in the first trimester) and during 2 months enrolled a birth cohort of an additional 320 mother-newborn dyads. As personnel became experienced in the field, the time required to enroll a woman in the prenatal cohort declined from up to 200 hours to 50 to 100 hours per woman recruited.

CONCLUSIONS:
We demonstrated that PBS was feasible and operationally efficient in recruiting a representative cohort of newborns from 3 diverse US counties. Our findings suggest that PBS is a practical approach to recruit large pregnancy and birth cohorts across the United States.
Aplicação de redes neurais artificiais na indústria de fios de algodão
Authors: Antoneli Gilberto Clóvis , Neitzel Ivo 
Published: June 2016

A competitividade no setor de produção de fios fez as empresas buscarem soluções para a obtenção de um fio com qualidade e baixo custo. Hoje, o diferencial entre elas e, desta forma, o do setor, está na matéria-prima, ou seja, o algodão processado e suas características. Existem diversos tipos de algodão, com características diferenciadas, fato que se deve à região de produção, à safra, ao armazenamento e ao transporte. As indústrias de fios trabalham com misturas de fibras de algodão, o que dificulta a determinação da qualidade do fio produzido a partir das características das fibras processadas. Neste trabalho, utilizam-se dados de um processo de fiação convencional, sendo alimentado com matéria-prima de composição 100% de algodão, e apresenta-se uma solução com redes neurais artificiais que determina as informações da qualidade do fio, utilizando os valores das características das fibras e definições de alguns ajustes do processo. Nessa solução utiliza-se uma rede neural artificial do tipo MultiLayer Perceptron com 11 neurônios na entrada (8 características da fibra e 3 ajustes do processo), 7 neurônios na saída (qualidades do fio) e dois tipos de treinamento, o Back propagation e o Conjugate gradiente descent. Descreve-se a seleção e organização dos dados de produção da indústria de fios da empresa cocamar® indústria de fios, para aplicar as redes neurais artificiais desenvolvidas. Na aplicação de redes neurais para determinar a qualidade do fio, conclui-se que, apesar de não possuir precisão ideal quanto aos valores absolutos, a solução apresentada representa uma excelente ferramenta para definir as variações das qualidades do fio quando se altera a composição da matéria-prima. O sistema desenvolvido permite realizar simulações para definir o percentual de mistura na matéria-prima a ser processada na fábrica com a utilização de informações dos fardos de algodão em estoque, desta forma pode-se obter uma mistura que mantenha a estabilidade de todo o processo produtivo.
Comprehensive Genomic Profiling Identifies a Subset of Crizotinib-Responsive ALK-Rearranged Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Not Detected by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Ali Siraj M. , Hensing Thomas , Schrock Alexa B. , Allen Justin , Sanford Eric , Gowen Kyle , Kulkarni Atul , He Jie , Suh James H. , Lipson Doron , Elvin Julia A. , Yelensky Roman , Chalmers Zachary , Chmielecki Juliann , Peled Nir , Klempner Samuel J. , Firozvi Kashif , Frampton Garrett M. , Molina Julian R. , Menon Smitha , Brahmer Julie R. , MacMahon Heber , Nowak Jan , Ou Sai-Hong Ignatius , Zauderer Marjorie , Ladanyi Marc , Zakowski Maureen , Fischbach Neil , Ross Jeffrey S. , Stephens Phil J. , Miller Vincent A. , Wakelee Heather , Ganesan Shridar , Salgia Ravi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Introduction.
For patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to benefit from ALK inhibitors, sensitive and specific detection of ALK genomic rearrangements is needed. ALK break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved and standard-of-care diagnostic assay, but identification of ALK rearrangements by other methods reported in NSCLC cases that tested negative for ALK rearrangements by FISH suggests a significant false-negative rate. We report here a large series of NSCLC cases assayed by hybrid-capture-based comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) in the course of clinical care.

Materials and Methods.
Hybrid-capture-based CGP using next-generation sequencing was performed in the course of clinical care of 1,070 patients with advanced lung cancer. Each tumor sample was evaluated for all classes of genomic alterations, including base-pair substitutions, insertions/deletions, copy number alterations and rearrangements, as well as fusions/rearrangements.

Results.
A total of 47 patients (4.4%) were found to harbor ALK rearrangements, of whom 41 had an EML4-ALK fusion, and 6 had other fusion partners, including 3 previously unreported rearrangement events: EIF2AK-ALK, PPM1B-ALK, and PRKAR1A-ALK. Of 41 patients harboring ALK rearrangements, 31 had prior FISH testing results available. Of these, 20 were ALK FISH positive, and 11 (35%) were ALK FISH negative. Of the latter 11 patients, 9 received crizotinib based on the CGP results, and 7 achieved a response with median duration of 17 months.

Conclusion.
Comprehensive genomic profiling detected canonical ALK rearrangements and ALK rearrangements with noncanonical fusion partners in a subset of patients with NSCLC with previously negative ALK FISH results. In this series, such patients had durable responses to ALK inhibitors, comparable to historical response rates for ALK FISH-positive cases.
ALIMENTAÇÃO ADEQUADA NO BRASIL: ATIVO ECONÔMICO OU DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL SOCIAL? -- THE ADEQUATE FOOD IN BRASIL: IS IT ECONOMIC ASSET OR SOCIAL FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT?
Authors: Ribeiro Pereira Nunes Cláudia 
Published: June 2016

Resumo: Diante do impasse causado pelo comportamento do homem, a História, a Sociologia, a Antropologia e o Direito passaram a estudar os impactos das práticas humanas no âmbito social, econômico, ambiental, entre outros. No contexto da pós modernidade, os direitos fundamentais, ano a ano, desenvolvem-se nas interseções das disciplinas antes aludidas e o direito. Dentro desse contexto, com este estudo, tem-se o objetivo geral de analisar os rumos da institucionalização do direito humano à alimentação adequada no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro como categoria dos Direitos Fundamentais Sociais, em contraposição ao seu estudo na qualidade de commodities. Os objetivos específicos são: delinear resumidamente as características gerais dos Direitos Fundamentais e apresentar algumas notas sobre o tema, corroborar com a reflexão sobre os alimentos no seu duplo aspecto (direito e instrumento econômico) e identificar como ocorreu a evolução do direito à alimentação adequada como categoria de Direito Fundamental Social. A metodologia empregada para atingir os objetivos pretendidos na pesquisa é o “estado da arte”; para isso se empregam duas abordagens: teórica e dados secundários.Palavras-chave: Segurança alimentar. Dignidade da pessoa humana. Ativo econômico. Globalização.
Oil Resource Curse Syndrome: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: SA’AD Suleiman , YAU Muhammed Hamisu 
Published: June 2016

<p>The paper investigates the natural resource curse hypotheses in oil – rich Nigeria. The study used time series data on real GDP, contribution of oil rents, contribution of agriculture and manufacturing in real GDP as well as exchange rates and FDI. The VAR models are employed to estimate the relationships, the result of the study is consistent with previous studies for Nigeria. However, empirical evidence suggests that the was an elements of Dutch disease syndrome in the Nigerian economy during the last four decades which can be attributed to internal factors such as policy failure and corruption rather than the happenings in the international oil markets. We conclude that surge in oil revenues led to distortions in growth path of the Nigerian economy, before the discovery of oil, Nigeria was at par with some middle income OECD and high income developing countries, but four decades after the discovery of oil, Nigeria was pushed back behind all those countries; therefore, the study did not out rightly conclude that oil did contribute positively to growth of Nigerian economy, but it distorted the workings of the economy by encouraging non-coherent policies and unsustainable spending as well as large scale corruption and struggle for oil rents among the political class which cast a big question as to whether oil is a blessing or a curse in Nigeria. </p>
Quantitative Text Analysis of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030
Authors: Murao Osamu ,   International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan, Sakaba Hiroko 
Published: June 2016

Three UN world conferences held on reducing disaster damage – the 1994 World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction held in Yokohama during the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction, the 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction held in Hyogo Prefecture, and the 2015 World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Sendai – resulted in the Yokohama Strategy and Plan of Action for a Safer World, the Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015 (HFA), and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030.The sections that follow clarify Sendai Framework features compared to the Yokohama Strategy and the HFA based on a three-stage review of the literature:1) Overviews of the three documents, including framework structures, are arranged with basic conference information and a comparative study.2) A quantitative text analysis is conducted using the KH Coder, which is free quantitative text analysis software. Words occurring frequently in the documents are extracted and compared and a co-occurrence network is analyzed to determine relationships among these words.3) Features of the three documents, mainly focusing on the Sendai Framework, are specified and clarified based on the result of quantitative text analysis.
Finding Web-Based Anxiety Interventions on the World Wide Web: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ashford Miriam Thiel , Olander Ellinor K , Ayers Susan 
Published: June 2016

Background
One relatively new and increasingly popular approach of increasing access to treatment is Web-based intervention programs. The advantage of Web-based approaches is the accessibility, affordability, and anonymity of potentially evidence-based treatment. Despite much research evidence on the effectiveness of Web-based interventions for anxiety found in the literature, little is known about what is publically available for potential consumers on the Web.

Objective
Our aim was to explore what a consumer searching the Web for Web-based intervention options for anxiety-related issues might find. The objectives were to identify currently publically available Web-based intervention programs for anxiety and to synthesize and review these in terms of (1) website characteristics such as credibility and accessibility; (2) intervention program characteristics such as intervention focus, design, and presentation modes; (3) therapeutic elements employed; and (4) published evidence of efficacy.

Methods
Web keyword searches were carried out on three major search engines (Google, Bing, and Yahoo—UK platforms). For each search, the first 25 hyperlinks were screened for eligible programs. Included were programs that were designed for anxiety symptoms, currently publically accessible on the Web, had an online component, a structured treatment plan, and were available in English. Data were extracted for website characteristics, program characteristics, therapeutic characteristics, as well as empirical evidence. Programs were also evaluated using a 16-point rating tool.

Results
The search resulted in 34 programs that were eligible for review. A wide variety of programs for anxiety, including specific anxiety disorders, and anxiety in combination with stress, depression, or anger were identified and based predominantly on cognitive behavioral therapy techniques. The majority of websites were rated as credible, secure, and free of advertisement. The majority required users to register and/or to pay a program access fee. Half of the programs offered some form of paid therapist or professional support. Programs varied in treatment length and number of modules and employed a variety of presentation modes. Relatively few programs had published research evidence of the intervention’s efficacy.

Conclusions
This review represents a snapshot of available Web-based intervention programs for anxiety that could be found by consumers in March 2015. The consumer is confronted with a diversity of programs, which makes it difficult to identify an appropriate program. Limited reports and existence of empirical evidence for efficacy make it even more challenging to identify credible and reliable programs. This highlights the need for consistent guidelines and standards on developing, providing, and evaluating Web-based interventions and platforms with reliable up-to-date information for professionals and consumers about the characteristics, quality, and accessibility of Web-based interventions.
Acute Medial Plantar Fascia Tear
Authors: Pascoe Stephanie C. , Mazzola Timothy J. 
Published: June 2016

A 32-year-old man who participated in competitive soccer came to physical therapy via direct access for a chief complaint of plantar foot pain. The clinical examination findings and mechanism of injury raised a concern for a plantar fascia tear, so the patient was referred to the physician and magnetic resonance imaging was obtained. The magnetic resonance image confirmed a high-grade, partial-thickness, proximal plantar fascia tear with localized edema at the location of the medial band. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(6):495. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0409
Femoroacetabular Impingement Surgery Is on the Rise—But What Is the Next Step?
Authors: Reiman Michael P. , Thorborg Kristian , Hölmich Per 
Published: June 2016

Surgery for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) has been advocated for correction of cam and pincer hip joint morphology. Surgery for FAI was first pioneered by Myers et al, who surgically treated FAI by open dislocation. Arthroscopy was then introduced in 2005 by Sampson. Arthroscopy has continued to develop since then, with the intent of providing pain relief and improving function in patients with FAI. This Viewpoint discusses the escalating popularity of FAI surgery, the widespread acceptance of this relatively new surgical procedure, and next steps for determination of who benefits from this treatment. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(6):406–408. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0605
Failure Analysis of Plastics
Authors: Trempler J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The studies outlined show that a large number of errors may occur during the preparatory works and during sample preparation for light microscopic examinations. Another source of error is the choice of the microscopy technique. As is the case for all materialographic examinations, the interpretation of the samples is particularly important. This work wants to help eliminating some of the sources of errors.
Functional cortical reorganization in cases of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and changes associated with surgery
Authors: Bhagavatula Indira Devi , Shukla Dhaval , Sadashiva Nishanth , Saligoudar Praveen , Prasad Chandrajit , Bhat Dhananjaya I. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
The physiological mechanisms underlying the recovery of motor function after cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) surgery are poorly understood. Neuronal plasticity allows neurons to compensate for injury and disease and to adjust their activities in response to new situations or changes in their environment. Cortical reorganization as well as improvement in corticospinal conduction happens during motor recovery after stroke and spinal cord injury. In this study the authors aimed to understand the cortical changes that occur due to CSM and following CSM surgery and to correlate these changes with functional recovery by using blood oxygen level–dependent (BOLD) functional MRI (fMRI).

METHODS
Twenty-two patients having symptoms related to cervical cord compression due to spondylotic changes along with 12 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were included in this study. Patients underwent cervical spine MRI and BOLD fMRI at 1 month before surgery (baseline) and 6 months after surgery.

RESULTS
Five patients were excluded from analysis because of technical problems; thus, 17 patients made up the study cohort. The mean overall modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association score improved in patients following surgery. Mean upper-extremity, lower-extremity, and sensory scores improved significantly. In the preoperative patient group the volume of activation (VOA) was significantly higher than that in controls. The VOA after surgery was reduced as compared with that before surgery, although it remained higher than that in the control group. In the preoperative patient group, activations were noted only in the left precentral gyrus (PrCG). In the postoperative group, activations were seen in the left postcentral gyrus (PoCG), as well as the PrCG and premotor and supplementary motor cortices. In postoperative group, the VOA was higher in both the PrCG and PoCG as compared with those in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS
There is over-recruitment of sensorimotor cortices during nondexterous relative to dexterous movements before surgery. After surgery, there was recruitment of other cortical areas such as the PoCG and premotor and supplementary motor cortices, which correlated with improvement in dexterity, but activation in these areas was greater than that found in controls. The results show that improvement in dexterity and finer movements of the upper limbs is associated with recruitment areas other than the premotor cortex to compensate for the damage in the cervical spinal cord.
Complications following central corpectomy in 468 consecutive patients with degenerative cervical spine disease
Authors: Sarkar Sauradeep , Nair Bijesh R. , Rajshekhar Vedantam 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
This study was performed to describe the incidence and predictors of perioperative complications following central corpectomy (CC) in 468 consecutive patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) or ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).

METHODS
The authors performed a retrospective review of a cohort of patients who had undergone surgery for CSM (n = 338) or OPLL (n = 130) performed by a single surgeon over a 15-year period. All patients underwent uninstrumented CC with autologous iliac crest or fibular strut grafting. Preoperative clinical and imaging details were collected, and the type and incidence of complications were studied. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to establish risk factors for the development of perioperative complications.

RESULTS
Overall, 12.4% of patients suffered at least 1 complication following CC. The incidence of major complications was as follows: C-5 radiculopathy, 1.3%; recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, 0.4%; dysphagia, 0.8%; surgical-site infection, 3.4%; and dural tear, 4.3%. There was 1 postoperative death (0.2%). On multivariate analysis, patients in whom the corpectomy involved the C-4 vertebral body (alone or as part of multilevel CC) were significantly more likely to suffer complications (p = 0.004). OPLL and skip corpectomy were risk factors for dural tear (p = 0.015 and p = 0.001, respectively). No factors were found to be significantly associated with postoperative C-5 palsy, dysphagia, or acute graft extrusion on univariate or multivariate analysis. Patients who underwent multilevel CC were predisposed to surgical-site infections, with a slight trend toward statistical significance (p = 0.094). The occurrence of a complication after surgery significantly increased the mean duration of postoperative hospital stay from 5.0 ± 2.3 days to 8.9 ± 6 days (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Complications following CC for CSM or OPLL are infrequent, but they significantly prolong hospital stay. The most frequent complication following CC is dural tear, for which a diagnosis of OPLL and a skip corpectomy are significant risk factors.