bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feline Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency: A Retrospective Study of 150 Cases
Authors: Xenoulis P.G. , Zoran D.L. , Fosgate G.T. , Suchodolski J.S. , Steiner J.M. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundLittle information is available about the clinical presentation and response to treatment of cats with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI).ObjectivesTo describe the signalment, clinical signs, concurrent diseases, and response to treatment of cats withEPI.AnimalsOne hundred and fifty cats withEPI.MethodsRetrospective case series.ResultsQuestionnaires were sent to 261 veterinarians, and 150 (57%) were returned with data suitable for statistical analysis. The median age of the cats withEPIwas 7.7 years. The median body condition score was 3 of 9. Ninety‐two of 119 cats (77%) had hypocobalaminemia, and 56 of 119 cats (47%) had increased and 6 of 119 cats (5%) had decreased serum folate concentrations. Clinical signs included weight loss (91%), unformed feces (62%), poor hair coat (50%), anorexia (45%), increased appetite (42%), lethargy (40%), watery diarrhea (28%), and vomiting (19%). Eighty‐seven cats (58%) had concurrent diseases. Treatment response was reported to be good in 60%, partial in 27%, and poor in 13% of 121 cats. Trypsin‐like immunoreactivity <4 μg/L was associated with a positive response to treatment (OR, 3.2; 95%CI, 1.5–7.0;P= .004). Also, cobalamin supplementation improved the response to treatment (OR, 3.0; 95%CI, 1.4–6.6;P= .006).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceExocrine pancreatic insufficiency in cats often has a different clinical presentation than in dogs. The age range forEPIin cats is wide, and many cats can be ≤5 years of age. Most cats respond well to appropriate treatment forEPI, and cobalamin supplementation appears to be necessary for a good response.
Nitrogen uptake in light versus darkness of the seagrass Zostera noltei: integration with carbon metabolism
Authors: Alexandre Ana , Silva João , Santos Rui 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe conducted a study that shows that light and dark conditions do not affect the uptake rates of ammonium and nitrate by the seagrass Zostera noltei. This is an important advantage over some seaweed species in which these rates are severely reduced at night. In the light, the ammonium uptake rates were initially higher (15 and 20 μmol·g−1·h−1) and stabilized at a rate of 5 μmol·g−1·h−1 after 1 h, whereas in the dark the rates remained constant at a rate of 10 μmol·g−1·h−1 over the first 180 min of incubation. The rates of nitrate uptake in the light were high within the first 120 min of incubation (7.2–11.1 μmol·g−1·h−1) and decreased afterwards to lower values (0.8–3.9 μmol·g−1·h−1), whereas in the dark the rates fluctuated around 0.0–11.1 μmol·g−1·h−1 throughout the whole incubation time (7 h). The soluble sugar content of Z. noltei leaves increased significantly with both ammonium and nitrate incubations in the light, indicating the metabolic outcome of photosynthesis. In the dark, there was no significant variation in either the soluble sugar or in the starch content of leaves, rhizomes or roots in either the ammonium or nitrate incubations. However, the total starch content of plants decreased at night whereas the total soluble sugars increased, suggesting a process of starch catabolism to generate energy with the consequent production of smaller monosaccharide products. The starch content of rhizomes decreased significantly during the light incubations with nitrate but not with ammonium. These results suggest that carbohydrate mobilization is necessary for Z. noltei to account for extra energetic costs needed for the uptake and assimilation of nitrate. Furthermore, our results suggest that nitrate uptake, at least during the day, requires the mobilization of starch whereas the uptake of ammonium does not.
Influence of anthropogenic pressure and seasonal upwelling on coral reefs in Nha Trang Bay (Central Vietnam)
Authors: Tkachenko Konstantin S. , Britayev Temir A. , Huan Nguyen H. , Pereladov Mikhail V. , Latypov Yuri Y. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe growing coastal development, dredging and dumping activities, overfishing and expansion of marine cage culture in Nha Trang Bay (NTB) of Central Vietnam since the beginning of the 2000s have resulted in a dramatic decrease of live coral cover. Surveys conducted in April–May 2013 and the same period in 2014 revealed that with an increase in distance from the outer part of the bay towards the mainland, the rivers’ influxes and dredged areas, coral cover decreased from 75% to 0.6% and species richness from 63 to 5, while the abundance of macroalgae increased from 0% to 56%. These changes correlate with differences in the concentration of suspended sediments on the same gradient. The abundance of the crown‐of‐thorns starfish Acanthaster planci and of the echinoid Diadema setosum significantly increased between the first estimation in 1998 and the survey in 2014, from 0 to 1.7 individuals (ind.) per 100 m−2 and from 50.8 to 94.5 ind. per 100 m−2, respectively, contributing to coral loss and intensive bioerosion of the reef framework in the bay. The large sizes of adult colonies of tabulate Acropora on the remote stations with negligible sedimentation and eutrophication loads were inconsistent with the assumptions that temperature‐induced coral bleaching or cyclones could be the major impacts in Nha Trang Bay. Analysis of the 16‐year thermal history of the bay did not reveal any instances in which the coral thermal bleaching threshold had been exceeded up to the present study. Seasonal upwelling, which occurs annually in the vicinity of Central Vietnam, may contribute to mitigation of thermal anomalies within NTB and to the maintenance of healthy coral communities on the remote reefs with relatively low anthropogenic impact.
The edges of the nation: a research agenda for uncovering the taken‐for‐granted foundations of everyday nationhood
Authors: Fox Jon E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn many parts of the world, nationalism has gone underground. It's there, just beneath the surface, underpinning the social order without requiring, or even permitting, much tinkering. This is the realm of the unselfconscious: nationhood not as an object of purposeful manipulation, but as an unspoken set of assumptions about the national order of things. But if the nation is unseen, unheard, unnoticed, how do we know this? Indeed, how can we know this? In this paper, I elaborate a breaching approach for uncovering the ways the nation is taken for granted. I look to the edges of the nation: the places, times and situations where the nation is on the periphery – the edges – of consciousness, lurking just beneath the surface where it might be teased out with a carefully concocted breach. My aim is to explore and exploit these edges to turn unselfconscious suppositions about the nation into explicit articulations of the nation.
Altered Neural Correlates of Emotion Associated Pain Processing in Persistent Somatoform Pain Disorder: An fMRI Study
Authors: Luo Yanli , Yan Chao , Huang Tianming , Fan Mingxia , Liu Liang , Zhao Zhiyong , Ni Kaiji , Jiang Hong , Huang Xiao , Lu Zheng , Wu Wenyuan , Zhang Mingyuan , Fan Xiaoduo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPatients with persistent somatoform pain disorder (PSPD) suffer from long‐term pain and emotional conflicts. Recently, accumulating evidence indicated that emotion has a significant role in pain perception of somatoform pain disorder. To further understand the association between emotion and pain‐related brain activities, functional activities of patients with PSPD fulfilling ICD‐10 criteria and healthy controls were assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging technology, while participants viewed a series of positive, neutral, or negative pictures with or without pinprick pain stimulation. Results showed that patients with PSPD had altered brain activities in the parietal gyrus, temporal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, prefrontal cortex, and parahippocampus in response to pinprick pain stimuli during different emotions compared with the healthy control group. Moreover, patients with PSPD consistently showed hyperactivities in the prefrontal, the fusiform gyrus and the insula in response to negative stimuli under pinprick pain vs. non‐pain condition. The current findings provide some insights into the underlying relationship between emotion and pain‐related brain activity in patients with PSPD, which is of both theoretical and clinical importance.
Does the implementation of environmental flows improve wetland ecosystem services and biodiversity? A literature review
Authors: Yang Wei , Sun Tao , Yang Zhifeng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEnvironmental flow releases are a tool for wetland restoration, but there has been no systematic evaluation of their success. We systematically assessed 102 published studies from a wide range of wetland ecosystems across the globe to determine whether releasing environmental flows could maintain or promote biodiversity and increase ecosystem services, and which strategies were most effective. We found that environmental flow releases remarkably increased regulating services (sediment regulation and water purification) and supporting services (primary production and habitat maintenance), and maintained biodiversity and provisioning services. Biodiversity responses were positive only in river wetlands, and were negative in coastal, lake, and marsh wetlands; the overall delivery of ecosystem services responded positively in all ecosystem types except artificial wetlands. The effects were positive for ecosystem services under all environmental flow regimes, and seasonal minimum flow releases could maintain biodiversity and improve ecosystem services. We also found that long‐term environmental flow releases (years to decades) maintained biodiversity. Values of a change‐in‐flow parameter (D) ranging from 0 to 10% improved both biodiversity and ecosystem services. In summary, long‐term implementation, a high‐flow regime, and D ranging from 0 to 10% for the environmental flows promoted biodiversity and improved ecosystem services around the world, particularly in river wetlands. Regional‐level conclusions might be applicable to guide the implementation of environmental flow releases, but small sample sizes reduce their reliability. We also found that the effect sizes of environmental flow release projects for biodiversity and ecosystem services were significantly and positively correlated in rivers, but not in other wetlands.
Addressing location uncertainties in GPS‐based activity monitoring: A methodological framework
Authors: Wan Neng , Lin Kan Ge , Wilson Gaines 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLocation uncertainty has been a major barrier in information mining from location data. Although the development of electronic and telecommunication equipment has led to an increased amount and refined resolution of data about individuals’ spatio‐temporal trajectories, the potential of such data, especially in the context of environmental health studies, has not been fully realized due to the lack of methodology that addresses location uncertainties. This article describes a methodological framework for deriving information about people's continuous activities from individual‐collected Global Positioning System (GPS) data, which is vital for a variety of environmental health studies. This framework is composed of two major methods that address critical issues at different stages of GPS data processing: (1) a fuzzy classification method for distinguishing activity patterns; and (2) a scale‐adaptive method for refining activity locations and outdoor/indoor environments. Evaluation of this framework based on smartphone‐collected GPS data indicates that it is robust to location errors and is able to generate useful information about individuals’ life trajectories.
Vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus colonization and bloodstream infection: prevalence, risk factors, and the impact on early outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hefazi Mehrdad , Damlaj Moussab , Alkhateeb Hassan B. , Partain Daniel K. , Patel Robin , Razonable Raymund R. , Gastineau Dennis A. , Al‐Kali Aref , Hashmi Shahrukh K. , Hogan William J. , Litzow Mark R. , Patnaik Mrinal M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundScreening for vancomycin‐resistant Enterococcus (VRE) is performed at many transplant centers, but data on the impact of VRE colonization and bloodstream infection (BSI) on hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) outcomes remain conflicting.MethodsConsecutive adults with acute myeloid leukemia who underwent allogeneic HCT between 2004 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were screened by perirectal PCR swabs targeting vanA and vanB twice weekly while inpatient.ResultsOf a total of 203 patients (median age 54 years), 73 (36%) were VRE colonized prior to HCT, 23 (11%) became colonized within the first 100 days, and 107 (53%) remained non‐colonized through day 100 post HCT. A landmark analysis on HCT day 0 revealed no significant difference in overall survival according to pre‐transplant colonization status (P=.20). However, patients with subsequent VRE colonization within the first 100 days of HCT had a significantly worse survival on both univariable (P=.04) and multivariable (P=.03) analyses. During the first 30 days post HCT, 11 (5% of total and 11% of the VRE colonized) patients developed VRE BSI. Ten (91%) of these had screened positive for VRE colonization before the bacteremia. Age ≥60 years, HCT‐comorbidity index ≥3, and VRE colonization were independent risk factors for VRE BSI on multivariable analysis (P=.04, .03, .003, respectively). Only 1 (9%) patient with VRE BSI died within the first 100 days post HCT.ConclusionVRE colonization is a surrogate marker and not an independent predictor of worse outcomes post HCT. VRE BSI is associated with increased morbidity, but does not impact post‐HCT survival.
IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—THE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FEATURES OF A PLEUROPERITONEAL HERNIA IN A CAT
Authors: Rose Anne Marie , Ryan Stewart D. , Johnstone Thurid , Beck Cathy 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAn 8‐year‐old female neutered domestic short hair cat presented for investigation of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Thoracic radiographs identified a soft tissue opacity in the caudoventral thorax adjacent to the diaphragm. Computed tomography (CT) then characterized a pleuroperitoneal hernia with cranial displacement of a portion of the liver within the hernia. A pleuroperitoneal hernia was confirmed and repaired via exploratory laparotomy. This is the first description of the CT features of a pleuroperitoneal hernia in a cat.
Practical alternatives to chronic caloric restriction for optimizing vascular function with ageing
Authors: Martens Christopher R. , Seals Douglas R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCalorie restriction (CR) in the absence of malnutrition exerts a multitude of physiological benefits with ageing in model organisms and in humans including improvements in vascular function. Despite the well‐known benefits of chronic CR, long‐term energy restriction is not likely to be a feasible healthy lifestyle strategy in humans due to poor sustained adherence, and presents additional concerns if applied to normal weight older adults. This review summarizes what is known about the effects of CR on vascular function with ageing including the underlying molecular ‘energy‐ and nutrient‐sensing’ mechanisms, and discusses the limited but encouraging evidence for alternative pharmacological and lifestyle interventions that may improve vascular function with ageing by mimicking the beneficial effects of long‐term CR.
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Hijacking and Use of Host Lipids by Intracellular Pathogens
Authors: Toledo Alvaro , Benach Jorge L. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Intracellular bacteria use a number of strategies to survive, grow, multiply, and disseminate within the host. One of the most striking adaptations that intracellular pathogens have developed is the ability to utilize host lipids and their metabolism. Bacteria such as
Anaplasma
,
Chlamydia
, or
Mycobacterium
can use host lipids for different purposes, such as a means of entry through lipid rafts, building blocks for bacteria membrane formation, energy sources, camouflage to avoid the fusion of phagosomes and lysosomes, and dissemination. One of the most extreme examples of lipid exploitation is
Mycobacterium
, which not only utilizes the host lipid as a carbon and energy source but is also able to reprogram the host lipid metabolism. Likewise,
Chlamydia
spp. have also developed numerous mechanisms to reprogram lipids onto their intracellular inclusions. Finally, while the ability to exploit host lipids is important in intracellular bacteria, it is not an exclusive trait. Extracellular pathogens, including
Helicobacter
,
Mycoplasma
, and
Borrelia
, can recruit and metabolize host lipids that are important for their growth and survival.

Throughout this chapter we will review how intracellular and extracellular bacterial pathogens utilize host lipids to enter, survive, multiply, and disseminate in the host.
Clinical presentation of childhood leukaemia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Clarke Rachel T , Van den Bruel Ann , Bankhead Clare , Mitchell Christopher D , Phillips Bob , Thompson Matthew J 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveLeukaemia is the most common cancer of childhood, accounting for a third of cases. In order to assist clinicians in its early detection, we systematically reviewed all existing data on its clinical presentation and estimated the frequency of signs and symptoms presenting at or prior to diagnosis.DesignWe searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for all studies describing presenting features of leukaemia in children (0–18 years) without date or language restriction, and, when appropriate, meta-analysed data from the included studies.ResultsWe screened 12 303 abstracts for eligibility and included 33 studies (n=3084) in the analysis. All were cohort studies without control groups. 95 presenting signs and symptoms were identified and ranked according to frequency. Five features were present in >50% of children: hepatomegaly (64%), splenomegaly (61%), pallor (54%), fever (53%) and bruising (52%). An additional eight features were present in a third to a half of children: recurrent infections (49%), fatigue (46%), limb pain (43%), hepatosplenomegaly (42%), bruising/petechiae (42%), lymphadenopathy (41%), bleeding tendency (38%) and rash (35%). 6% of children were asymptomatic on diagnosis.ConclusionsOver 50% of children with leukaemia have palpable livers, palpable spleens, pallor, fever or bruising on diagnosis. Abdominal symptoms such as anorexia, weight loss, abdominal pain and abdominal distension are common. Musculoskeletal symptoms such as limp and joint pain also feature prominently. Children with unexplained illness require a thorough history and focused clinical examination, which should include abdominal palpation, palpation for lymphadenopathy and careful scrutiny of the skin. Occurrence of multiple symptoms and signs should alert clinicians to possible leukaemia.
Regionalizing Africa: Patterns of Precipitation Variability in Observations and Global Climate Models
Authors: Badr Hamada S. , Dezfuli Amin K. , Zaitchik Benjamin F. , Peters-Lidard Christa D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMany studies have documented dramatic climatic and environmental changes that have affected Africa over different time scales. These studies often raise questions regarding the spatial extent and regional connectivity of changes inferred from observations and proxies and/or derived from climate models. Objective regionalization offers a tool for addressing these questions. To demonstrate this potential, applications of hierarchical climate regionalizations of Africa using observations and GCM historical simulations and future projections are presented. First, Africa is regionalized based on interannual precipitation variability using Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) data for the period 1981–2014. A number of data processing techniques and clustering algorithms are tested to ensure a robust definition of climate regions. These regionalization results highlight the seasonal and even month-to-month specificity of regional climate associations across the continent, emphasizing the need to consider time of year as well as research question when defining a coherent region for climate analysis. CHIRPS regions are then compared to those of five GCMs for the historic period, with a focus on boreal summer. Results show that some GCMs capture the climatic coherence of the Sahel and associated teleconnections in a manner that is similar to observations, while other models break the Sahel into uncorrelated subregions or produce a Sahel-like region of variability that is spatially displaced from observations. Finally, shifts in climate regions under projected twenty-first-century climate change for different GCMs and emissions pathways are examined. A projected change is found in the coherence of the Sahel, in which the western and eastern Sahel become distinct regions with different teleconnections. This pattern is most pronounced in high-emissions scenarios.
Decentralized automatic generation control of interconnected power systems incorporating asynchronous tie-lines
Authors: Ibraheem  , Hasan Naimul , Hussein Arkan Ahmed 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This Paper presents the design of decentralized automatic generation controller for an interconnected power system using PID, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The designed controllers are tested on identical two-area interconnected power systems consisting of thermal power plants. The area interconnections between two areas are considered as (i) AC tie-line only (ii) Asynchronous tie-line. The dynamic response analysis is carried out for 1% load perturbation. The performance of the intelligent controllers based on GA and PSO has been compared with the conventional PID controller. The investigations of the system dynamic responses reveal that PSO has the better dynamic response result as compared with PID and GA controller for both type of area interconnection.
Evolution of the Ideas on the Structure of the Educational Results of the Secondary School Graduates
Authors: ������  , Sedova E. , �����  , Sedov Sergey , �������������  , Pobedonostseva M. 
Published: September 2016

The present article describes the basic approach to understanding the nature and the structure of educational results other than traditional subject
results of studying. We analyzed the formation stages of the ideas, which of the skills acquired during the period of school studies could facilitate the
process of becoming a socially active member of the society and integrating into his or her social environment. We can conclude that a fi ve-dimensional
structure of educational results could be applied, according to the types of personal potential: cognitive, axiological, creative, communicative and aesthetical.
Lastly, we provide some recommendations on how to apply this model to constructing of training tasks and organizing the process of teaching
in accordance with the FSES.