bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN FRONTAL PLANE KNEE CONTROL AND ACUTE LOWER EXTREMITY INJURIES
Authors: Räisänen Anu , Pasanen Kati , Krosshaug Tron , Kannus Pekka , Vasankari Tommi , Parkkari Jari 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundSingle-leg squat (SLS) is a clinical tool used to assess knee control. Previous studies have proposed that knee valgus motion in the SLS could be related to injury risk, but this association has not been previously examined.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the association between acute lower extremity injuries and frontal plane knee control in young athletes.DesignThis study is part of a prospective cohort study (PROFITS-study). As part of the baseline test battery, we measured frontal plane projection angles during SLS. We also measured the athlete's height and weight, and the athletes filled out a questionnaire describing their time-loss injuries during the past 12 months. We registered new time-loss injuries in the following 12 months on a weekly basis. Only athletes free from lower extremity injuries during the 12 months prior to baseline were included in the analyses.SettingResearch institute, youth sports.ParticipantsTen local basketball and ten local floorball teams were invited to the study. Out of these, 9 basketball and 9 floorball teams agreed to participate. Only athletes who were 21 years or younger and were free from injury during baseline were eligible. Complete data were obtained from 306 athletes.Assessment of Risk FactorsA generalized linear mixed model was used to analyse the potential risk factors.Main Outcome MeasurementsAcute time loss lower extremity injuries sustained during the 12 month period after baseline.ResultsDisplaying a frontal plane projection angle greater than 1 standard deviation above the mean (>23.8°) in the SLS was associated with a higher risk of lower extremity injuries (OR 5.57, 95% CI 1.61–19.32) and ankle injuries (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.13–4.98).ConclusionsBased on this study, athletes who display large frontal plane projection angles during the SLS have an elevated risk of lower extremity injuries.
IS AWARENESS OF PREVENTIVE TRAINING ASSOCIATED WITH DECREASED RISK OF INJURY?
Authors: Rasmussen Sten , Nielsen Rasmus Oestergaard 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundLittle is known about the prevalence proportion of sports injuries in Denmark. In addition, the beliefs amongst athletes regarding injury-preventive training regimes and the association with injury risk are lacking.ObjectiveTo examine the prevalence proportion of injured athletes in a population-based sample and to describe beliefs regarding their ability to prevent injuries through proper training.DesignPopulation-based sample interviews.SettingDenmark, March 2016.ParticipantsA random sample of 1059 persons from the Danish population above 18 years.Assessment of Risk FactorsDuring the interview, the following questions were asked: Are you sports active? Have you sustained any sports-related injury within the past 3 years that prevented sports activity for a shorter or longer period? Do you know how to train properly to prevent injury? In addition, assessment of demographics included: age, sex, social class, income, education, number of children, county, union member and unemployment fund.Main measurementsSports active, injury within 3 years and prevention knowledge.ResultsThe prevalence proportion of sports active was 60.9% [95% CI: 57.9–63.9]. A majority (61.8% [95% CI: 58.3–65.2]) reported to be aware of proper injury-preventive training, whereas 25.4% [95% CI: 22.0–28.9] sustained an injury within 3 years. Sports activity increased with education (OR=1.17 [95% CI: 1.1–1.23], P=0.0001). Risk of injury decreased with increasing age (OR=0.64 [95% CI: 0.54–0.74], P<0.0001) and female sex (OR=1.61 [95% CI: 1.11–2.35], P=0.013). Knowledge of injury prevention increased with age (OR=1.15 [95% CI: 1.02–1.3], P=0.022) and female sex (OR=1.35 [95% CI: 1.13–1.51], P=0.004). No association of preventive training on injury (OR=1.07 [95% CI: 0.71–1.67])ConclusionsThe prevalence proportion of injuries seems to be a public-health issue. A majority believe they know how to train properly to prevent injuries. However, awareness of preventive training was not associated with decreased injury risk.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SPORTS INJURIES AMONG HIGHLY TRAINED YOUTH MULTISPORT ATHLETES
Authors: Rejeb Abdallah , Johnson Amanda , Horobeanu Cosmin , Vaeyens Roel , Witvrouw Erik 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundInjury epidemiology is imperative for the development of prevention strategies. Apart from football, little is known about injury characteristics on young elite athletes.ObjectiveThe aim of the present study is to examine the incidence of injuries sustained by adolescent highly trained multisport athletes.DesignLongitudinal prospective study.SettingAspire Academy for sport.Patients (or Participants)166 male adolescent athletes (mean age 15.1+/−1.85) enrolled in the academy for both school and training.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Using an injury surveillance system and record of training exposure (hours) during 5 consecutive seasons according to injury, body part, severity and mechanism. An injury was recorded as physical complaint requiring the attention of the medical staff. Overuse injuries were defined as injuries resulting from repetition of micro-trauma and with insidious onset. The severity of an injury was based on time loss (TL) criterias (Timpkaet al. 2014).Main Outcome MeasurementsThe incidence of overall injuries (per 1000 training Hours), injuries with TL, and no time loss (NTL), growth and overuse injuries were computed.ResultsAltogether 643 injuries were documented. Of these injuries, 87% were TL injuries with an incidence of 4.8 per 1000 hours; (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4–5.2). Overuse injuries represented 50.3%. The prevalence of growth related injuries accounted for 20%. Exposure to training was associated with an increase of overuse injuruies (relative risk [1.03]). The most commonly diagnosed type of injury was muscle and tendon injuries (30.1%). Most injuries were located at the lower extremities (67%), with the majority affecting the foot and ankle (22%). There were only 13% serious injuries.ConclusionsThis study revealed high rates of overuse injuries and growth related conditions. Most injuries were minor. Our findings were consistent with similar studies on youth soccer. Further investigation is required to define injury potential risk factors.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INJURIES IN ENGLISH COMMUNITY LEVEL RUGBY UNION USING SMS PLAYER SELF-REPORTED DATA
Authors: Roberts Simon , Trewartha Grant , England Mike , Attwood Matt , Stokes Keith 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe reporting of non-time loss injuries in community sport can be challenging due to infrequent contact between players and team medical staff. Text messaging or short messaging service (SMS) is a possible option for players to self-report these injuries.ObjectiveAssess the incidence, site and inciting event of self-reported match injuries using SMS in men's community rugby union players.DesignUsing a cohort study design, consenting English community rugby players were contacted by SMS every Monday morning over a 33-week season with a follow-up on Tuesday for non-responders. Questions ascertained whether they played on the previous Saturday, whether they sustained an injury which ‘inhibited or stopped them playing’, the injured body site and if the injury event was contact or non-contact related.SettingEnglish community rugby union during season 2015/16.ParticipantsA total of 2990 players from 81 clubs were invited to participate. Mobile telephone numbers were provided by 1178 players (39%) from 41 clubs. The weekly mean response rate of players reporting whether or not they played was 61±2%.Independent variablesPlayer match exposure, playing position.Main Outcome MeasurementsInjury incidence.ResultsPlayers reported 860 injuries over 9025 matches (71.5 injuries per 1000 player-match hours; 95% CI: 66.7–76.2). Contact events accounted for 84% of injuries. The head was the most commonly injured site (11.1; 95% CI: 9.2–12.9). Injury incidence was similar in forwards (68.7 95% CI 61.8–75.6) and backs (71.7 95% CI 64.1–79.6) but forwards reported a higher incidence of shoulder injuries than backs (9.8 95% CI: 7.2–12.4 versus 5.4 95% CI: 3.3–7.5; P=0.014) and backs reported a higher incidence of thigh injuries (3.3 95% CI: 1.8–4.8 versus 10.6 95% CI: 7.6–13.6; P<0.001).ConclusionsSMS is a useful tool for recording self-reported injuries in large cohorts of community team sport players and may provide additional insight into injuries which may not result in missed matches.
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW SMART SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM FOR MONITORING SPORTS INJURIES
Authors: Sadeghi Mohsen , Alizadeh Mohammad Hossein 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThere are several methods for monitoring sports injuries including simple questionnaires, text messaging and sophisticated surveillance systems. However, some problems related to inconsistency of injury definitions and classifications, high costs, data entry mistakes and lack of online technology usage may limit the efficacy of these methods and reduce validity of the recorded information.ObjectiveTo develop a new smart surveillance system for recording, reporting and analysing sports injuries.DesignCommon systems and methods for monitoring sports injuries were explored in the literature for identifying the potential problems and defects. Then, we searched for valid definitions and categories of sports injuries such as those available in consensus statements. Considering the popularity of smartphone amongst health care professionals, development of a connection between a special application and a computer software or another app was identified as the best way for designing a new surveillance system.SettingMobile app and computer software.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)A mobile app was designed on an android platform for determining the characteristics of players, injuries and exposures. Another app and a computer software were also developed for data receiving unit of the system that was able to save information and to send data to the client's application.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe data extracted from the smart surveillance system.ResultsThe first version of the smart system that utilized recommendations of the consensus statement on football injuries had capability of recording injuries in an effective manner and sending them to the server software in which the data could be classified and analysed.ConclusionsThe new surveillance system for sports injuries is a technology-based system that links the medical staff of sports teams to organizations or researchers and speeds up recording and reporting the data of injuries.
TACKLE DIRECTION AND DOMINANT SIDE AFFECT UPPER BODY LOADING DURING RUGBY TACKLES
Authors: Seminati Elena , Cazzola Dario , Preatoni Ezio , Stokes Keith , Williams Sean , Trewartha Grant 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundApproximately 25% of Rugby Union injuries occur to players executing a tackle and they mostly involve upper-body regions.ObjectiveTo investigate how upper-body biomechanical loading changes depending on the tackle characteristics, such as side of body used and direction of approach.DesignA repeated-measures study where a group of Rugby Union players performed full tackling trials against a bespoke tackle simulator. Two conditions (both within-group factors) were analysed: laterality (left/right shoulder) and direction (front/diagonal/lateral) of the tackler's approach.SettingA laboratory-based study.Patients (or Participants)Six male players (26.7±7.6 years, 1.82±0.09 m, 95.7±14.0 kg), all right-side dominant.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Participants completed up to 2 dynamic tackles in each of the 6 testing conditions. A 40 kg punch-bag was accelerated manually to simulate the ball carrier and the tackler executed a full tackling movement bringing the punch-bag to the ground.Main Outcome MeasurementsPeak shoulder impact forces and head linear accelerations were measured through pressure sensors and inertial measurement units. Linear mixed models and magnitude-based inferences were used to assess differences between conditions.ResultsDominant (right) shoulder tackles in the frontal direction generated the highest impact forces (5.3±1.0 kN), and overall they were substantially higher (by 15%) than non-dominant (left) shoulder tackles. Impact load decreased going from frontal to diagonal −3%) and lateral tackling (−10%). The lowest peak head accelerations (substantially lower [−5%] compared to frontal tackles) were recorded during diagonal tackles, with the right shoulder (9.1±3.5 g).ConclusionsBoth laterality (dominant side) and tackle direction have a substantial effect on the loads applied to the upper-body. Where feasible, the tackler should approach from a slightly offset angle from frontal and coaching should aim to reduce the deficiencies in tackling technique on the non-dominant side.
THE TRANSLATION OF SPORTS INJURY PREVENTION AND SAFETY PROMOTION KNOWLEDGE: INSIGHTS FROM KEY ORGANISATIONS
Authors: Bekker Sheree , Paliadelis Penny , Finch Caroline 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundA recognised research-to-practice gap exists in the field of sports injury prevention and safety promotion. The role of key organisations in increasing the relevancy, accessibility, and legitimacy of injury prevention and safety promotion research knowledge for sport settings remains under-explored.ObjectiveThis study sought to provide new insight into the knowledge translation activities undertaken by a set of key organisations that work to ‘bridge the gap’ between research and practice in sport settings.DesignSemi-structured face-to-face interviews about organisational processes of knowledge translation were undertaken with representatives from five key organisations.SettingThe National Guidance for Australian Football Partnerships and Safety (NoGAPS) project provided a clear and purposeful context for this study.ParticipantsThe participants in this study were the self-nominated representatives from the following NoGAPS partnership organisations: 1) Australian Football League, 2) Victorian Health Promotion Foundation, 3) JLT Sport as a division of Jardine Lloyd Thompson Australia Pty Ltd, 4) Sport and Recreation Victoria, and 5) Sports Medicine Australia.Main Outcome MeasurementsA qualitative descriptive methodology was used to analyse participants' descriptions of knowledge translation activities undertaken at their respective organisations.ResultsSeveral knowledge translation processes and considerations emerged around three key themes: 1) identifying a need for knowledge translation, 2) developing and disseminating resources, and 3) barriers and enablers to knowledge translation.ConclusionsThis study provides new insight into knowledge translation processes that key organisations undertake when developing and disseminating injury prevention and safety promotion resources for sport settings. The role these organisations play in increasing the relevancy, accessibility, and legitimacy of research knowledge through the development of useful injury prevention and safety promotion resources is key to influencing policy and practice in sport settings.
THE BOKSMART SAFE SIX: FUNCTIONAL WARM-UP TO REDUCE INJURIES IN RUGBY UNION. DESIGN OF A CLUSTER RCT
Authors: Sewry Nicola , Verhagen Evert , Lambert Mike , van Mechelen Willem , Brown James 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundExercise-based interventions have consistently been associated with a reduction in injury rates in sports such as football. Although the injury burden in rugby union (‘rugby’) is high, such interventions have not been evaluated in rugby.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of the BokSmartSafe Sixon (i) the injury risk profile and burden in junior rugby players in South Africa, and (ii) the injury prevention behavioural determinants of the coaches of these players.DesignA pragmatic cluster-randomised controlled trial, with no blinding of groups.SettingMale youth rugby players from two geographically-separated locations in South Africa over the 2017 rugby playing season.Patients (or Participants)Youth rugby players (14–16 year old) (n=160 players in the intervention group; n=160 in the control group) will be recruited from the Western Cape Schools Premier Division. This sample size provides sufficient power to detect meaningful differences.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)The teams will be randomly allocated to groups that either: (i) have the BokSmartSafe Sixcoach-delivered exercise intervention in their warm-up (experimental group), or (ii) continue with their usual warm-up (control group). Injury risk profiles will be assessed on all players through musculoskeletal screening performed at the beginning, middle and end of the trial. Epidemiological measurements include injury surveillance at all matches and training sessions, and exposure to the various warm-up exercises (including BokSmartSafe Sixexercises). Behavioural determinants of coaches will be assessed before and after the intervention through standardised theory of planned behaviour questionnaires and focus groups.Main Outcome MeasurementsComparison in injury risk profiles and burden of injury between the intervention and control groups. Changes in the behavioural determinants of coaches.
ARE EXERCISE-BASED INTERVENTIONS EFFECTIVE IN REDUCING INJURIES IN TACKLE COLLISION BALL SPORTS? A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Sewry Nicola , Verhagen Evert , Lambert Mike , van Mechelen Willem , Viljoen Wayne , Readhead Clint , Brown James 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe injury burden in rugby union is relatively high compared to other team sports. Therefore rugby would benefit by having effective injury prevention programmes. Exercise-based interventions have successfully reduced injuries in soccer studies, but evidence on exercise-based interventions in tackle collision sports, such as rugby, is limited.ObjectiveTo systematically examine the evidence of exercise-based intervention programmes reducing injuries in tackle collision sports.DesignSystematic review.SettingPubMed, EbscoHost and Web of Science were searched for articles published between January 1995 and December 2015. The methodological quality was assessed using an adapted Cochrane Bone Joint and Muscle Trauma Group quality assessment tool.Patients (or Participants)N/A as this is a systematic review abstract.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)The inclusion criteria were: 1) all types of randomised controlled trials and cohort studies 2) sporting codes: American, Australian and Gaelic football, rugby union and rugby league 3) participants of any age or sex 4) exercise-based, prehabilitative intervention, and 5) primary outcome was injury number or incidence. The exclusion criteria were: 1) full-text of the article was unavailable 2) the article was unavailable in English.Main Outcome MeasurementsEffectiveness, and injury number or incidence.ResultsNine studies with a total of 3517 participants were included in this review. Seven studies showed a statistically significant decrease in their primary outcome (injuries). These studies included three different sporting codes and various age groups, making it difficult to be confident about the inferences. The two studies that had the highest methodological quality showed no statistically significant decrease in injury incidence following an exercise-based intervention.ConclusionsThere is a lack of consistent evidence from high-level studies that exercise-based interventions in tackle collision sports reduce injuries.
WRESTLING INJURIES DURING THE 2016 RIO OLYMPIC GAMES
Authors: Shadgan Babak , Molnar Szabolcs , Sikmic Stevan , Chahi Abdelghani 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundBetter understanding of the incidence, characteristics, predisposing factors and mechanisms of injuries in each sport helps to implement more effective preventive measures to better care for the athletes.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the injury profile of elite senior wrestlers in men's Greco-Roman, men's freestyle, and women's freestyle wrestling during the 2016 Rio Olympic Games.DesignDescriptive epidemiologic study.SettingClinical.Participants352 senior qualified wrestlers participated in 2016 Rio Olympic Games.InterventionsA web-based injury database system developed by UWW was used to collect the injury data during all wrestling competitions of the Games.Main Outcome MeasurementsIncluded athlete's demographic, weight category, injury type, severity, location, timing, and mechanism.ResultsA total of 352 athletes sustained 22 injuries during 410 matches, which is equivalent to an overall incidence of 6.2 injuries per 100 athletes (7.1% in men; 4.4% in women; P=0.31) and 5.4 injuries per 100 matches. Among the three styles, women's freestyle had the lowest injury rate (22.7%); men's freestyle and men's Greco-Roman sustained an injury rate of 36.4% and 40.9% respectively. More injuries were observed in the middleweight categories. The most common injury type was skin laceration and contusion (54.5%) due to direct contact, and the most common site of injury was forehead (36.4%). In sum, 54.5% of all injuries were categorized as light, 27.3% as mild and 18.2% as severe. Four bouts were terminated due to an injury.ConclusionsNo serious and catastrophic injury was recorded during wrestling competitions of 2016 Olympic Games, and most injuries were minor. The rate of wrestling injuries during 2016 Rio Games (6.2% per athlete) were lower than 2012 London (12%) and 2008 Beijing (9.3%) Olympic Games. Higher education, improvements in wrestling regulations and more attention to wrestler's health care during recent years might explain this difference.
SUBSEQUENT ARM INJURY RISK FOLLOWING REHABILITATION AND RETURN TO SPORT
Authors: Shanley Ellen , Arnold Amanda , Hawkins Richard , Tokish John , Kissenberth Michael , Wyland Douglass , Thigpen Charles 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundReports of return to play(8–80%) and subsequent injury(15–30%) are variable following arm injuries in baseball players with no known risk factors.ObjectiveWe aimed to prospectively examine the influence of injury history, return to sport criteria, and baseball participation as risk factors in youth and adolescent baseball players returning to sport following rehabilitation.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingYouth through adolescent baseball leagues.Patients (or Participants)Injured baseball players (n=60;age=15.3±2.5 months) were followed for atleast 1 year (15.8±9.6 months) after returning to sport.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)All players' ROM, strength and outcome scores were measured and met predetermined criteria for return to sport. Players were surveyed monthly for participation, competition level, and the development of injuries. All subsequent injuries were verified as overuse time-loss injuries by team athletic trainer, physical therapist, or physician.Main Outcome MeasurementsBivariate correlations were used to evaluate the relationship between injury history, return to sport criteria, and baseball participation. Forward stepwise logistic regression using significant (r>.25;P<0.05) associations with advancing completion level and subsequent injury were then used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from the final model (α=0.05).ResultsSeven players reported an injury prior to the index injury. Twenty players suffered a subsequent time-loss arm injury. Development of a subsequent arm injury was correlated with previous injury(r=.45;P=0.002) and advancing one competitive level(r=.32;P=0.01). The final regression model revealed that players reporting an prior injury to the index injury were 20.5 (1.8–147.5 95% CI) times greater risk of a subsequent overuse arm injury than in players without a previous injury history.ConclusionsInjury history and advancing competition levels increases the risk of a subsequent arm injury despite achievement of evidence based return to sport criteria. Clinicians should consider counseling and monitoring of youth and adolescent baseball players returning back to sport, especially after multiple arm injuries.