bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Esophageal mucosa in HIV infection: A“deeper” look at this little spoken organ
Authors: Werneck‐Silva Ana Luiza , Pagliari Carla , Patzina Roseli A , Takakura Cleusa Fumica Hirata , Duarte Maria Irma 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground and AimAlthough the esophagus is a common site of opportunistic infection in AIDS patients, little is known about the impact of HIV as well as opportunistic infection in the esophageal mucosa. Our aim is to analyze the esophageal immune profile in HIV+ patients with different immunological status with and without the opportunistic Candida infection.MethodsImmunohistochemistry to CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cells, γ‐interferon, transforming growth factor‐β, interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐6, IL‐13, and IL‐17 was performed in esophageal samples of 40 chronically HIV+ patients under highly active antiretroviral therapy (16 with Candida esophagitis, 12 virologically non‐supressed with blood CD4 count < 500, and 12 virologically suppressed with blood CD4 count > 500; the latter two groups without esophageal candidiasis). The controls were 12 HIV‐negative healthy individuals.ResultsEsophageal CD4+ T‐cell expression in HIV+ patients did not differ from the control group (P = 0.50). Mucosal CD8+ T‐cell expression was significantly increased in HIV+ patients (P = 0.0018). Candida esophagitis and virologically non‐supressed HIV+ patients with CD4 < 500 showed an increased expression of IL‐17 and IL‐6 with fewer expressions of γ‐interferon, more attenuated in the latter group. Transforming growth factor‐β was increased only in virologically suppressed HIV+ patients with CD4 > 500. IL‐4 and IL‐13 were similar to the control group.ConclusionIn contrast to CD8+ T‐cell expression, esophageal CD4+ T‐cell expression does not reflect the HIV+ patient's immunological status. T‐helper 17 (Th17) response seems to play a role in the esophageal mucosa of virologically non‐supressed HIV+ patients with blood CD4 < 500. Candida esophagitis showed a Th1/Th17 response but seems to be dominantly regulated by the Th17 pathway.
Coeliac disease and gastrointestinal symptom screening in adult first‐degree relatives
Authors: Vaquero Luis , Rodríguez‐Martín Laura , Alvarez‐Cuenllas Begoña , Hernando Mercedes , Iglesias‐Blazquez Cristina , Menéndez‐Arias Cristina , Vivas Santiago 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThe first‐degree relatives (FDRs) of patients with coeliac disease are the main risk group for disease development. The study aims to evaluate the screening strategy in FDRs with negative coeliac serology based on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotyping, followed by duodenal biopsy, and to analyze the prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms and the influence of gluten intake.MethodsAdult FDRs with negative coeliac serology were invited to participate (n = 205), and a total of 139 completed the study protocol. HLA genotyping, transglutaminase antibody assessment, and duodenal biopsy were performed. Symptomatology was assessed using questionnaires during the various phases of dietary modification (baseline diet, gluten‐free diet, and gluten overload).ResultsThe study included 139 participants (mean age, 42 years; 53.2% women). HLA‐DQ2/8 was positive in 78.4% of the participants (homozygous, 15.1%; heterozygous, 63.3%). Histopathological alterations were noted in 37.1% of participants who underwent duodenal biopsy (Marsh I, 32.7%; Marsh IIIa, 4.4%).At baseline, symptoms were observed in 45.7% of the participants, and the proportion decreased to 24.5% after the gluten‐free diet (P < 0.001). Symptoms were not associated with the presence of histological alterations or genetic risk. However, younger age (odds ratio [OR] = 0.91), female sex (OR = 2.9), and the presence of autoimmune disorders (OR = 2.8) were independently associated with a significant symptom response to the gluten‐free diet.ConclusionsDuodenal lymphocytosis and atrophy are frequently noted in FDRs, despite negative serological markers. In addition, gastrointestinal symptoms are commonly present and associated with gluten intake regardless of the histological pathology.
3D map distribution of metallic nanoparticles in whole cells using MeV ion microscopy
Authors: VASCO M.S. , ALVES L.C. , CORREGIDOR V. , CORREIA D. , GODINHO C.P. , SÁ‐CORREIA I. , BETTIOL A. , WATT F. , PINHEIRO T. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryIn this work, a new tool was developed, the MORIA program that readily translates Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) output data into visual information, creating a display of the distribution of elements in a true three‐dimensional (3D) environment.The program methodology is illustrated with the analysis of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, exposed to copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO‐NP) and HeLa cells in the presence of gold nanoparticles (Au‐NP), using different beam species, energies and nuclear microscopy systems. Results demonstrate that for both cell types, the NP internalization can be clearly perceived. The 3D models of the distribution of CuO‐NP in S. cerevisiae cells indicate the nonuniform distribution of NP in the cellular environment and a relevant confinement of CuO‐NP to the cell wall. This suggests the impenetrability of certain cellular organelles or compartments for NP. By contrast, using a high‐resolution ion beam system, discretized agglomerates of Au‐NP were visualized inside the HeLa cell. This is consistent with the mechanism of entry of these NPs in the cellular space by endocytosis enclosed in endosomal vesicles. This approach shows RBS to be a powerful imaging technique assigning to nuclear microscopy unparalleled potential to assess nanoparticle distribution inside the cellular volume.
Trauma Exposure Among Women in the Pacific Rim
Authors: Reeves Elizabeth , de Pilar Bernal , Silva Susan G. , Jaramillo Diva , Uribe Tulia , Tiwari Agnes , Canaval Gladys Eugenia , Flores Maria Eugenia Mendoza , Belknap Ruth Ann , Humphreys Janice C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeHealthcare professionals who provide services in the immediate or long‐term aftermath of traumatic events need to understand the nature and frequency of traumatic events in the lives of women. However, research on trauma exposure in women has only recently begun to assess events other than intimate partner and sexual violence and has not supported direct statistical comparison of cross‐national and cross‐cultural data. The purpose of this descriptive, correlational study was to describe and compare trauma exposure prevalence and type in community‐based samples of women in the United States, Colombia, and Hong Kong.DesignWomen were recruited through posted notices at community health sites, snowball sampling, and online advertisements (N = 576). The Life Stressor Checklist‐Revised (total score range 0 to 30) was used to determine the type and prevalence of trauma exposure. Data were collected by native language members of the research team.MethodsDescriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic characteristics and trauma exposure for the total sample and each community‐based sample (location). Between‐location differences were tested using Fisher's exact tests for categorical measures and general linear models with pairwise a posteriori least squares t‐test for continuous measures. Responses to open‐ended questions were translated and categorized.FindingsOver 99% of women in the total sample reported at least one traumatic life event. The mean number of traumatic life events per participant was 7, ranging from 0 to 24. Although there was consistency in the most commonly reported trauma exposures across locations, the rates of specific events often differed.ConclusionsHistorical, political, geographic, and cultural factors may explain differences in trauma exposure among women in the four locations studied.Clinical RelevanceThis study offers relevant knowledge for providers in diverse locations who provide services to women who have experienced traumatic events and provides evidence for the need for future research to further enhance knowledge of trauma exposure among women, and on the effects of trauma in women's lives.
Influence of negative dental experiences in childhood on the development of dental fear in adulthood: a case–control study
Authors: Oliveira M. A. , Vale M. P. , Bendo C. B. , Paiva S. M. , Serra‐Negra J. M. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with high dental fear among Brazilian university students, especially the effect of a negative dental experience in childhood. This paired case–control study was conducted at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais in Brazil. Dental, psychology and mathematics students were divided into cases (high fear) and controls (low fear), defined by cluster analysis, according to the items of the Dental Fear Survey (DFS). Cases (n = 65) and controls (n = 260) participants were paired (1:4) by gender, undergraduate course and social vulnerability. The students self‐reported the DFS and a questionnaire about oral health. Descriptive analysis, bivariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression were used as statistical tests with a significance level of 5%. The multivariate model showed that students who reported negative dental experiences in childhood (OR = 2·97; 95% CI: 1·44–6·14), toothache in the last 12 months (OR = 11·31; 95% CI: 4·79–26·68), discomfort during dental treatment (OR = 5·36; 95% CI: 2·53–11·36) and poor self‐evaluation of oral health (OR = 3·82; 95% CI: 1·61–8·11) were more likely to have high dental fear. Negative dental experiences in childhood influence dental fear in adulthood. Oral health education should be addressed among university students to reduce dental fear.
The Interpersonal Effects of Claiming to have Depression by People not Diagnosed with Depression in Social Predicaments
Authors: Yamakawa Itsuki , Sakamoto Shinji 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study aims to examine the relative effects of making the statement, “I think I may have depressive disorder” as an excuse (i.e., insisting on depression) by comparing it with typical statements of excuse (i.e., physical illness, work requirements, and negligence). Participants were 238 Japanese undergraduates who read a scenario describing a social predicament and assessed excuse values in terms of their cognitive and behavioral reactions elicited by the excuse‐maker. The results showed that insisting on depression was evaluated as a valid excuse, as were physical illness and work requirements, albeit there was no description of any obstacle to the excuse‐maker’s progress including depressive symptoms. When these three statements were used as excuses, the participants were more likely to consider the target favorably and were motivated to behave more generously towards him than when he made no excuse or said, “I forgot” (i.e., negligence). We discuss the results while referring to recent social changes in Japan. The implications of these findings for the phenotype of people with modern type depression are discussed.
Ethical Gifts?: An Analysis of Soap‐for‐data Transactions in Malawian Survey Research Worlds
Authors: Biruk Crystal 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn 2008, thousands of Malawians received soap from an American research project as a gift for survey participation. Soap was deemed an ethical, non‐coercive gift by researchers and ethics boards, but took on meanings that expressed recipients’ grievances and aspirations. Research participants reframed soap and research benefits as “rights” they are entitled to, wages for “work,” and a symbol of exploitation. Enlisting the perspectives of Malawi's ethics board, demographers, Malawian fieldworkers, and research participants, I describe how soap is spoken about and operates in research worlds. I suggest that neither a prescriptive nor a situated frame for ethics—with their investments in standardization and attention to context, respectively—provides answers about how to compensate Malawian research participants. The conclusion gestures toward a reparative framework for thinking ethics that is responsive not just to project‐based parameters but also to the histories and political economy in which projects (and ethics) are situated.
The persistence of short‐term cold acclimation in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
Authors: Everman Elizabeth R. , Ledbetter Nicholus , Morgan Theodore J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDaily and seasonal fluctuations in temperature present significant challenges for the survival of many ectothermic species that can be tempered via thermal acclimation. In the present study, we use multiple naturally derived genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster to determine the persistence of beneficial short‐term thermal acclimation on subsequent survival after cold shock. We found that the benefit of short‐term acclimation persisted for 2 h in most genotypes after a rapid cold hardening treatment. Genotype did not directly influence the persistence of short‐term acclimation benefits, indicating that environmental variation may be more important for the persistence of acclimation benefits rather than genetic capacity for acclimation. The present study extends the current understanding of the limits and importance of short‐term acclimation events, providing greater detail on the timing of the loss of short‐term acclimation benefits in a genetically variable natural population.
In Defence of Radical Restrictionism
Authors: Liggins David 
Published: April 2017

Restrictionism is a response to the Liar and other paradoxes concerning truth. Restrictionists—as I will call proponents of the strategy—respond to these paradoxes by giving up instances of the schema<p> is true iffp.My aim is to show that the current unpopularity of restrictionism is undeserved. I will argue that, whilst cautious versions of the strategy may face serious problems, a radical and previously overlooked version of restrictionism provides a strong and defensible response to the paradoxes.
The factors related to early‐onset depression after first stroke
Authors: Karakus Kadir , Kunt Refik , Memis Cagdas O. , Kunt Duygu A. , Dogan Bilge , Ozdemiroglu Filiz , Sevincok Levent 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThe biological and psychological aspects of post‐stroke depression (PSD) may vary based on the time since stroke onset. The sociodemographic and clinical correlates of early‐onset PSD are not yet well understood. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the clinical correlates of early‐onset depression following first stroke. We hypothesized that the severity of a stroke or disability (other than lesion characteristics) would likely be related to PSD in a sample of first stroke patients with single and unilateral lesions.MethodsPost‐stroke patients with (n = 40) and without (n = 51) early‐onset depression were compared with respect to several demographic and clinical variables.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the groups with respect to lesion location, lateralization, or volume. Scores on the Brief Disability Questionnaire, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and Modified Rankin Scale were significantly higher in depressed post‐stroke patients than in non‐depressed patients. The anxiety, depression, and total scores of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were positively correlated with the Modified Rankin Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, and Brief Disability Questionnaire scores. A previous history of depression and Brief Disability Questionnaire score were strongly associated with the occurrence of early‐onset PSD.ConclusionOur findings suggest that early‐onset PSD is likely to be correlated with the severity of stroke and functional disability.
Evidence‐Based Practice Beliefs and Implementation in Doctor of Nursing Practice Students
Authors: Singleton Joanne K. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundDoctors of Nursing Practice focus on leadership in evidence‐based practice (EBP). EBP is influenced by one's beliefs in and implementation of EBP. Little is known to date about the EBP beliefs and implementation of Doctor of Nursing Practice students and outcomes of Doctor of Nursing Practice education.AimsGuided by the Advancing Research and Clinical practice through close Collaboration (ARCC) Model, the Evidence‐Based Practice Beliefs (EBPB) and Implementation (EBPI) tools were used to assess the impact of EBP as a program pillar, curricular thread, and content area on EBPB and EBPI of Doctor of Nursing Practice‐Family Nurse Practitioner students.MethodsFive cohorts who completed the same curriculum were studied. Fifty‐four of the 89 students across the five cohorts began and completed the study.ResultsPaired t‐test for group effects showed statistical significance from pre‐ to post‐measure in students overall EBPB, t = 4.4 (52), p < .001, and EBPI, t = 8.4 (52), p < .001. A large effect size of .75 standard deviation (SD) gain above the mean for EBPB, and a very large effect size of 1 SD gain above the mean for EBPI were observed. Repeated measures ANOVA showed that all cohorts made gains across the curriculum. Effect sizes for EBPB ranged from .25 to 1 SD above the mean, and .75 to 1.5 for EBPI.Linking Evidence to ActionDNP students who are educated to be EBP leaders must have a curriculum that supports them in the knowledge and skill‐set needed to translate evidence into practice. The ARCC Model can guide faculty in EBP curriculum development. EBPB and EBPI are valid and reliable measures to assess for gains across a curriculum. Through educational outcomes, educators can assess desired student outcomes for EBP across a curriculum and can build an evidence base for ongoing curriculum development.
Making a claim for services: Supporting young people’s engagement with services
Authors: Dewhurst Kimberley , Munford Robyn , Sanders Jackie 
Published: April 2017

INTRODUCTION: Young people who experience significant adversity use multiple services (child welfare, youth justice, mental health, and education support services). Engagement with services can facilitate access to support and resources to mitigate the risks these young people face in their every-day lives. This article draws on the findings from a qualitative study which sought to examine the factors that either facilitated or inhibited young people’s engagement with services. The young people had complex needs and had used multiple services from an early age.METHODS: The study used in-depth interviews to explore young people’s service experiences. A thematic inductive analysis identified key themes. The concept of making a claim for services emerged as an explanatory device to understand the processes of service engagement. FINDINGS: Making a claim for services was a critical first step in young people’s engagement with services, representing an ongoing interactive process between young people and service providers. Three key elements comprised a successful claim for services: young people’s needs meeting service entry criteria; personal agency; and, relevant and meaningful service responses.CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that making a claim for services is a dynamic process and that a cornerstone of effective practice with vulnerable youth involves social workers establishing meaningful relationships with young people. Social workers who make a positive difference in young people’s lives are open to the different ways in which young people express their needs and support them to participate as active partners in interventions.
Genome Sequences of Potential Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Isolates from Human Infants
Authors: Arnold Jason W. , Monteagudo-Mera Andrea , Altermann Eric , Cadenas Maria Belen , Thompson Amanda L. , Azcarate-Peril M. Andrea 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Probiotics provide health benefits to their hosts, including modulation of host immune response, inhibition of colonization by pathogens, modulation of the gut microbiota, and epithelial barrier enhancement. Here, we present the draft genome sequences of two newly isolated
Lactobacillus rhamnosus
strains of probiotic potential from healthy human infants.
Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium colombiense
Authors: Bouam Amar , Robert Catherine , Levasseur Anthony , Drancourt Michel 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium colombiense
is a rapidly growing mycobacterium initially isolated from the blood of an HIV-positive patient in Colombia. Its 5,854,893-bp draft genome exhibits a G+C content of 67.64%, 5,233 protein-coding genes, and 54 predicted RNA genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Sub-Subgenotype 2.1i Isolate of Classical Swine Fever Virus from China
Authors: Zhang Bikai , Mi Shijiang , Bao Fei , Guo Huancheng , Tu Changchun , Shi Jishu , Gong Wenjie 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequence of a sub-subgenotype 2.1i isolate of classical swine fever virus (CSFV), GD317/2011, was determined. Notably, GD317/2011 is distant from the sub-subgenotype 2.1b isolate HEBZ at genes of E
rns
, E1, E2, P7, NS2, NS5A and the 3′-nontranslated region (3′-NTR) but is closely related to that at genes of N
pro
, Core, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5B.
Draft Genome Sequence of a High-Level Colistin-Resistant Clinical Strain of the Enterobacter cloacae Complex
Authors: Lin Ji , Zhao Feifei , Feng Yu , Zong Zhiyong 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Strain WCHECl-C4 of the
Enterobacter cloacae
complex, recovered from the blood of a patient with peritonitis, was high-level resistant to colistin. Here, we report its 5.1-Mb draft genome sequence, comprising 92 contigs with an average 55.74% G+C content. The genome contained 4,783 coding sequences and 68 tRNA genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of Classical Swine Fever Virus Isolated near the Demilitarized Zone in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Song Sok , Choe SeEun , Cha RaMi , Kim Ki-Sun , Cho In-Soo , An Dong-Jun 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
The YC16CS (genotype 2.1) strain of classical swine fever virus, isolated from infected pigs in Yeoncheon province, Republic of Korea, near the demilitarized zone, has a high identity with the PC11WB strain of the virus. This is significant in that it is the first case of transmission from wild boars to breed pigs revealed by an epidemiological investigation.
Genome Sequence of Mannheimia haemolytica Serotype 1 Strain 16041065 BH
Authors: Ayalew Sahlu , Confer Anthony W. , Hansen Richard D. , Couger Matthew Brian 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the genome sequence of
Mannheimia haemolytica
serotype 1 strain 16041065 BH, which was recently isolated from a Midwestern calf that died due to
Mannheimia haemolytica
–induced pneumonia. This genome comprised a total of 2.7 Mb, with an
N
50
of 122 kb, and maintained hemolytic activity when grown on blood heart infusion agar supplemented with 5% sheep’s blood.