bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poaceae pollen as the leading aeroallergen worldwide: A review
Authors: García‐Mozo H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Poaceae family comprises over 12 000 wind‐pollinated species, which release large amounts of pollen into the atmosphere. Poaceae pollen is currently regarded as the leading airborne biological pollutant and the chief cause of pollen allergy worldwide. Sensitization rates vary by country, and those variations are reviewed here. Grass pollen allergens are grouped according to their protein structure and function. In Poaceae, although species belonging to different subfamilies are characterized by distinct allergen subsets, there is a considerable degree of cross‐reactivity between many species. Cross‐reactivity between grass pollen protein and fresh fruit pan‐allergens is associated with the appearance of food allergies. The additional influence of urban pollution may prompt a more severe immunological response. The timing and the intensity of the pollen season are governed by species genetics, but plant phenology is also influenced by climate; as a result, climate changes may affect airborne pollen concentrations. This article reviews the findings of worldwide research which has highlighted the major impact of climate change on plant phenology and also on the prevalence and severity of allergic disease.
Privatisation and trade performance: evidence from China
Authors: Yan Jing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMany studies have shown that privatisation has the potential to apply the forces of competition and high‐powered incentives to reduce costs and innovate. However, few studies investigate whether privatisation can enhance export performance through higher levels of efficiency. Using China's National Bureau of Statistics surveys and customs trade data, we explore the causal effect of privatisation on trade. The wave of 2002 Chinese state‐owned enterprise reforms provided a natural experiment that enables us to use the difference‐in‐differences approach to examine this question. Consistent with the theoretical predications, the empirical results show positive and significant effects of privatisation on all the examined indicators of export performance, including total export value, the intensive margin, and the extensive margin.
Commentary on the Adjustments Required for Intercompany Transactions when Equity Accounting Under IAS 28
Authors: Bradbury Michael E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe IASB has several projects on the equity method of accounting that involve the transfer of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture. This paper provides a commentary on this issue by providing examples of alternative methods of adjusting for inter‐company profits. The underlying concepts for alternative approaches are discussed. The conclusion outlines the steps the IASB needs to take to resolve this issue.
Msx1‐2 immunolocalization in the regenerating tail of a lizard but not in the scarring limb suggests its involvement in the process of regeneration
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe immunolocalization of the muscle segmental homoeobox protein Msx1‐2 of 27–34 kDa in the regenerating tail blastema of a lizard shows prevalent localization in the apical ependyma of the regenerating spinal cord and less intense labelling in the wound epidermis, in the apical epidermal peg (AEP), and in the regenerating segmental muscles. The AEP is a micro‐region of the regenerating epidermis located at the tail tip of the blastema, likely corresponding to the AEC of the amphibian blastema. No immunolabelling is present in the wound epidermis and scarring blastema of the limb at 18–21 days of regeneration, except for sparse repairing muscles. The presence of a proximal–distal gradient of Msx1‐2 protein, generated from the apical ependyma, is suggested by the intensity of immunolabelling. The AEP and the ependyma are believed to induce and maintain tail regeneration, and this study suggests that Msx1‐2 proteins are components of the signalling system that maintains active growth of the tail blastema. The lack of activation and production of Msx1‐2 protein in the limb are likely due to the intense inflammatory reaction following amputation. This study confirms that, like during regeneration in fishes and amphibians, also the blastema of lizards utilizes common signalling pathways for maintaining regeneration.
Similar familial underpinnings for full and subsyndromal pediatric bipolar disorder: A familial risk analysis
Authors: Wozniak Janet , Uchida Mai , Faraone Stephen V , Fitzgerald Maura , Vaudreuil Carrie , Carrellas Nicholas , Davis Jacqueline , Wolenski Rebecca , Biederman Joseph 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesTo examine the validity of subthreshold pediatric bipolar I disorder (BP‐I), we compared the familial risk for BP‐I in the child probands who had either full BP‐I, subthreshold BP‐I, ADHD, or were controls that neither had ADHD nor bipolar disorder.MethodsBP‐I probands were youth aged 6−17 years meeting criteria for BP‐I, full (N=239) or subthreshold (N=43), and also included were their first‐degree relatives (N=687 and N=120, respectively). Comparators were youth with ADHD (N=162), controls without ADHD or bipolar disorder (N=136), and their first‐degree relatives (N=511 and N=411, respectively). We randomly selected 162 non‐bipolar ADHD probands and 136 non‐bipolar, non‐ADHD control probands of similar age and sex distribution to the BP‐I probands from our case−control ADHD family studies. Psychiatric assessments were made by trained psychometricians using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School‐Age Children Epidemiological Version (KSADS‐E) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV (SCID) structured diagnostic interviews. We analyzed rates of bipolar disorder using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsRates of full BP‐I significantly differed between the four groups (χ23=32.72, P<.001): relatives of full BP‐I probands and relatives of subthreshold BP‐I probands had significantly higher rates of full BP‐I than relatives of ADHD probands and relatives of control probands. Relatives of full BP‐I, subthreshold BP‐I, and ADHD probands also had significantly higher rates of major depressive disorder compared to relatives of control probands.ConclusionsOur results showed that youth with subthreshold BP‐I had similarly elevated risk for BP‐I and major depressive disorder in first‐degree relatives as youth with full BP‐I. These findings support the diagnostic continuity between subsyndromal and fully syndromatic states of pediatric BP‐I disorder.
Is a delay in the diagnosis of bipolar disorder inevitable?
Authors: Fritz Kristina , Russell Alex M T , Allwang Christine , Kuiper Sandy , Lampe Lisa , Malhi Gin S 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveA diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) is often preceded by an initial diagnosis of depression, creating a delay in the accurate diagnosis and treatment of BD. Although previous research has focused on predictors of a diagnosis change from depression to BD, the research on this delay in diagnosis is sparse. Therefore, the present study examined the time taken to make a BD diagnosis following an initial diagnosis of major depressive disorder in order to further understand the patient characteristics and psychological factors that may explain this delay.MethodA total of 382 patients underwent a clinical evaluation by a psychiatrist and completed a series of questionnaires.ResultsNinety patients were initially diagnosed with depression with a later diagnosis of BD, with a mean delay in diagnostic conversion of 8.74 years. These patients who were later diagnosed with BD were, on average, diagnosed with depression at a younger age, experienced more manic symptoms, and had a more open personality style and better coping skills. Cox regressions showed that depressed patients with diagnoses that eventually converted to BD had been diagnosed with depression earlier and that this was related to a longer delay to conversion and greater likelihood of dysfunctional attitudes.ConclusionThe findings from the present study suggested that an earlier diagnosis of depression is related to experiencing a longer delay in conversion to BD. The clinical implications of this are briefly discussed, with a view to reducing the seemingly inevitable delay in the diagnosis of BD.
Predictors of delay to cystoscopy and adequacy of investigations in patients with haematuria
Authors: Ngo Brian , Papa Nathan , Perera Marlon , Bolton Damien , Sengupta Shomik 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo identify factors that impact on the timeliness and adequacy of haematuria evaluation.Patients and MethodsWe undertook a retrospective cohort study identifying patients who underwent cystoscopy for investigation of haematuria at our institution between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2015. Data on patient demographics, smoking status, anticoagulation, type of haematuria and referring clinician were collected. Exclusion criteria included patient age <18 years, known history of bladder/urinary tract/renal cancer, cystoscopy for indications other than haematuria and unknown date of urology consultation. Primary outcome measures were: i) time from general practitioner (GP) referral to urology consultation, ii) time from urology consultation to cystoscopy, and iii) receipt of investigations in the 180 days prior to cystoscopy. Comparisons between risk factors were carried out using negative binomial regression for count outcomes and chi‐square test for categorical outcomes.ResultsOver the study period, 305 eligible cases (225 men, 80 women) were identified, of which 196 (64%) were referred by a GP. Patients waited a median of 38 days from GP referral to urology consultation and 28 days from urology consultation to cystoscopy. The median time to urology consultation was 65 days for women and 33.5 days for men (P = 0.020). However, the observed difference between men and women was no longer statistically significant on multivariable regression, with the only independent predictors of a shorter interval being visible haematuria and imaging suspicious for cancer. Anticoagulated patients were more likely to have imaging studies, in particular renal tract ultrasonography (P = 0.006), while only 61% of patients with visible haematuria received imaging. No significant differences in recent investigations between genders were observed.ConclusionsGender is not a significant predictor of delayed haematuria assessment or receipt of recent investigations. Anticoagulated patients are more likely to receive imaging than patients without anticoagulation and patients with visible haematuria are not adequately imaged. Improved clinician and public education is required to ensure that all patients are evaluated appropriately.
Factors affecting the timeliness and adequacy of haematuria assessment in bladder cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Ngo Brian , Perera Marlon , Papa Nathan , Bolton Damien , Sengupta Shomik 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesTo review the literature to identify factors affecting haematuria assessment in bladder cancer.MethodsWe performed a systematic review in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Publications indexed in EMBASE and Medline (PubMed) in March 2016 were searched, using the keywords ‘hematuria’, ‘urinary bladder neoplasm(s)’ and ‘bladder tumor’. Studies evaluating the timeliness and adequacy of haematuria assessment in the context of bladder cancer were included. Exclusion criteria included age <18 years, animal studies and non‐English articles.ResultsFollowing our search strategy, a total of 17 articles were included in our study. All 17 studies commented on gender, with female gender associated with delayed and inadequate haematuria evaluation. Women waited longer than men for urological review (three studies) and bladder cancer diagnosis (three studies). Women were also less likely to be referred to urology (two studies), receive imaging (three studies) or have cystoscopy (two studies). In all, 10 studies commented on age, with the impression that advancing age is associated with a more thorough assessment. Smokers and those with microscopic haematuria appear to undergo a less thorough evaluation.ConclusionFemale gender is associated with sub‐optimal haematuria evaluation, while older patients are evaluated more thoroughly. Smokers paradoxically undergo less comprehensive assessment. Further research on the impact of other factors is required.
Mini PCNL for renal calculi: does size matter?
Authors: Hennessey Derek B. , Kinnear Ned K. , Troy Andrew , Angus David , Bolton Damien M. , Webb David R. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MIP) system for renal calculi.Patients and MethodsConsecutive patients undergoing mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL) procedures with the MIP system were enrolled. Patient position, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, puncture location, stone clearance, postoperative drainage and complications were recorded, and features unique to MIP were noted.ResultsIn all, 30 patients underwent 32 mPCNL procedures. The mean stone size was 17 (10.75–21.25) mm and the mean number of stones was 1 (1–2). The median stone clearance rate was 96.5 (95–100)%. The complication rate was 9.3%. No patient required a transfusion. In addition to these outcomes, we noted that the MIP system has many advantages over conventional PCNL (cPCNL). It is easy to learn and can be performed in both supine and prone positions. It is safe for supracostal puncture, provides excellent access to nearly all calyces and upper ureter, has multiple stone treatment options, can be used as an adjunct to cPCNL, and can be performed as a tubeless procedure.ConclusionOur experience with the MIP system has shown several advantages over cPCNL. mPCNL with the MIP system has several features that suggest it should be considered as an alternative or adjunct to cPCNL, ureteroscopy and extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.
Ibuprofen and diclofenac treatments reduce proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells upon inflammatory injury and mitogenic stimulation
Authors: Bombardo Marta , Malagola Ermanno , Chen Rong , Rudnicka Alina , Graf Rolf , Sonda Sabrina 
Published: May 2017

Background and PurposeNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are administered to manage the pain typically found in patients suffering from pancreatitis. NSAIDs also display anti‐proliferative activity against cancer cells; however, their effects on normal, untransformed cells are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated whether NSAIDs inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic acinar cells during the development of acute pancreatitis.Experimental ApproachThe NSAIDs ibuprofen and diclofenac were administered to C57BL/6 mice after induction of pancreatitis with serial injections of cerulein. In addition, ibuprofen was administered concomitantly with 3,5,3‐L‐tri‐iodothyronine (T3), which induces acinar cell proliferation in the absence of tissue inflammation. The development of pancreatic inflammation, acinar de‐differentiation into metaplastic lesions and acinar proliferation were quantified by histochemical, biochemical and RT‐PCR approaches.Key ResultsTherapeutic ibuprofen treatment selectively reduced pancreatic infiltration of activated macrophages in vivo, and M1 macrophage polarization and pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression both in vivo and in vitro. Reduced macrophage activation was accompanied by reduced acinar de‐differentiation into acinar‐to‐ductal metaplasia. Acinar proliferation was significantly impaired in the presence of ibuprofen and diclofenac, as demonstrated at both the level of proliferation markers and expression of cell cycle regulators. Ibuprofen also reduced acinar cell proliferation induced by mitogenic stimulation with T3, a treatment that does not elicit pancreatic inflammation.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur study provides evidence that the NSAIDs ibuprofen and diclofenac inhibit pancreatic acinar cell division. This suggests that prolonged treatment with these NSAIDs may negatively affect the regeneration of the pancreas and further studies are needed to confirm these findings in a clinical setting.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Inventing New Therapies Without Reinventing the Wheel: The Power of Drug Repurposing. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.2/issuetoc
Polycystic ovary morphology is associated with insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Hong So‐hyeon , Sung Yeon‐Ah , Hong Young Sun , Jeong Kyungah , Chung Hyewon , Lee Hyejin 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackground/ObjectivesPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by chronic anovulation, hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) and metabolic disturbances including insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although insulin resistance could be associated with PCOM, recent studies have shown controversial results. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between PCOM and insulin resistance.Subjects/MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional clinical study. A total of 679 women with PCOS who were diagnosed using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Disease (NICHD) criteria and 272 control women were analysed. We measured fasting glucose and insulin levels, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test‐derived glucose and insulin levels, testosterone levels, ovarian volume and follicle number.ResultsPolycystic ovary morphology was described in 543 women (80.0%) with PCOS. Women with PCOS had significantly higher 2 hours postload glucose, fasting and 2 hours postload insulin levels, ovarian volume, ovarian follicle numbers and lower insulin sensitivity compared with those of the controls (all P<.01). In women with PCOS, ovarian volume and ovarian follicle number were negatively associated with the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index after adjusting for age, body mass index and total testosterone; however, this association was not observed in the controls. In the logistic regression analysis, increased ovarian follicle number was associated with decreased insulin sensitivity in women with PCOS.ConclusionsIn PCOS, enlarged ovarian volume and follicle excess were associated with insulin resistance, and the number of ovarian follicles could be a predictor of insulin resistance.
Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging analysis in patients with short‐term remission of Cushing's disease
Authors: Jiang Hong , Ren Jie , He Na‐Ying , Liu Chang , Sun Yu‐Hao , Jian Fang‐Fang , Bian Liu‐Guan , Shen Jian‐Kang , Yan Fu‐Hua , Pan Si‐Jian , Sun Qing‐Fang 
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectiveThe data on patients with short‐term remission of Cushing's disease (CD) might provide information that is not available from previous long‐term remission studies. We aimed to investigate structural changes in the brain in these patients and to examine whether these changes were associated with clinical characteristics.DesignA cross‐sectional study was performed.MethodsThirty‐four patients with CD (14 with CD in short‐term remission and 20 with active CD) and 34 controls matched for age, sex and education underwent clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance imaging brain scans. Biometric measurements, disease duration and remission duration data were collected. Grey matter volumes in the whole brain were examined using voxel‐based morphometry (VBM).ResultsNo differences were observed in the grey matter volumes of the medial frontal gyrus (MFG) and cerebellum between the patients with remitted CD and healthy controls, whereas patients with active CD had smaller grey matter volumes in these two regions compared with controls and patients with remitted CD. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between remission time and grey matter values in these regions in short‐term remission patients with CD. Additionally, greater grey matter volumes in the bilateral caudate of short‐term remission patients with CD were observed.ConclusionsTrends for structural restoration were found in CD patients with short‐term remission. This finding was associated with the number of days elapsed since curative surgery and the current age of the patients. This study enhances our understanding of potential reversibility after the resolution of hypercortisolism in CD patients.
Effect of microthreads on coronal bone healing of narrow‐diameter implants with reverse‐tapered design in beagle dogs
Authors: Chang Yun‐Young , Kim Su‐Hwan , Park Keun‐Oh , Yun Jeong‐Ho 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the effect of microthreads on the coronal bone healing of narrow‐diameter implants with reverse‐tapered design.Material and MethodsA total of 52 implants were classified into two groups according to presence or absence of coronal microthreads, the reverse‐tapered narrow‐diameter implant (RTN) group, and the reverse‐tapered narrow‐diameter implant with microthreads (RTNM) group. The implants were installed in split‐mouth design in the edentulous mandible of six dogs. Three animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks and three at 8 weeks. Resonance frequency analysis, bone measurement using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT), removal torque test, and histometric analysis were performed.ResultsNo significant differences in implant stability quotient value were observed between the groups at baseline, 4 weeks, or 8 weeks. Bone measurement using micro‐CT showed that bone–implant contact volume (BICV) and bone–implant contact volume ratio (BICVR) in the coronal part of RTNM were statistically higher than those in RTN at 4 and 8 weeks. Histometric analysis showed statistically higher bone–implant contact length (BICL) in the coronal part of RTNM than in RTN at 4 weeks; however, bone–implant contact ratio (BICR) was not significantly different between the groups. At 8 weeks, the BICL and BICR did not differ significantly between the groups. Removal torque test showed no significant differences between the groups at 4 and 8 weeks.ConclusionsThe microthreads might facilitate more coronal bone–implant contact due to increased surface areas at an early healing phase; however, they did not significantly affect coronal bone healing at 8 weeks.
A simple in vitro method to study interactions between soil insects, entomopathogenic fungi, and plant extracts
Authors: Eckard Sonja , Bacher Sven , Enkerli Jürg , Grabenweger Giselher 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA combined application of a biological control agent, such as an entomopathogenic fungus (EPF), with other means of pest control may lead to enhanced or more reliable efficacy of the biocontrol agent. Ideally, the combined components would interact synergistically, yielding significantly higher mortality of the target pest. The mode of such interactions is often unclear and particularly difficult to elucidate for soil‐dwelling pests. Here, an efficient image analysis protocol was developed to study behavioural responses of soil‐dwelling insects to application of control measures in two‐dimensional terraria. The interactions between the EPF Metarhizium brunneum Petch (Hypocreales), a supposedly repellent extract of garlic, Allium sativum L. (Amaryllidaceae), and wireworms, Agriotes obscurus (L.) (Coleoptera: Elateridae), as target hosts were investigated. Tunnelling activity and mortality of wireworms were studied under choice and no‐choice situations of various combinations of the control agents. A treatment with Metarhizium spores resulted in wireworm mortalities of about 80%. Contrary to expectations, a combination of the EPF with the garlic extract did not increase, but slightly decrease wireworm mortality. The data gained from the image analysis revealed that the tunnelling activity of wireworms was clearly reduced in the presence of garlic, which, together with a reduced germination rate of spores, is a possible explanation for the antagonism detected in the combined treatment. The methodological approach developed here can be used to study the interactions among control agents and soil insects over several days and weeks.