bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Performance, Adaptability, and Stability of the Local Government Units on Government Energy Management Program Implementation
Authors: Elmaga Anabel M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The 2011 United Nations Development Program (UNDP) Report on Institutional Capacities and Qualities emphasizes the importance of institutional capacities, such as performance, adaptability, and stability, for effective responses to challenges. These capacities align with the principles of New Public Governance (NPG), promoting collaboration among governments, non-profit organizations, businesses, and citizens to address complex public issues efficiently. NPG fosters agility in decision-making and flexibility in policy and program adaptation, shifting the focus from bureaucratic procedures to outcomes and results.
This research employed a qualitative approach, aiming to explore people’s experiences and gain insights into their perspectives. The study focused on how informants implemented the Government Energy Management Program and identified factors influencing the performance, adaptability, and stability of the Local Government Units (LGUs) concerning the program. Data were collected through individual interviews and focus group discussions conducted by the researcher, along with the Study on national laws, policies, and programs, as well as local and international reports and previous literature related to energy efficiency and conservation implementation.
Findings indicate that LGUs face significant challenges in fully implementing the GEMP. Barriers include manpower shortages, financial constraints, and policy gaps. The study highlights the importance of designating Energy Efficiency and Conservation (EEC) Officers and Focal Persons within LGUs and underscores the need for clear policies and guidelines for energy conservation across government buildings. Collaborative efforts among multiple stakeholders are crucial to overcoming these challenges.
This research identifies obstacles hindering the effective execution of the GEMP in local government. Strengthening energy conservation measures and fostering collaboration among stakeholders is vital for achieving sustainable energy goals. Local Government Units (LGUs) have a crucial function in establishing energy efficiency benchmarks, offering incentives for energy-saving measures, and implementing successful policies. The study emphasizes the significance of effective policy development, implementation, and resource allocation at the local government level in driving energy efficiency and conservation efforts.
Development of the National Cooling Action Plan of the Philippines
Authors: Calderon A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Philippines NCAP was developed to account for the environmental impacts of energy consumption (indirect impacts) and use of high-GWP refrigerants (direct impacts) from the RAC Sector that can be mitigated by transitioning to more climate-friendly and higher-efficiency refrigerants. Utilizing the NCAP Methodology developed by the UNEP-led Cool Coalition, UN ESCAP in collaboration with Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE) together with and built on the expertise of the Cool Coalition’s NCAP Working Group facilitated by The Kigali Cooling Efficiency Programme (K-CEP), the Philippines NCAP was launched by the Philippines Department of Energy – Energy Utilization and Management Bureau, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, and United Nations Development Programme (Philippines Country Office). This paper presented the Reference Cooling Scenario (RCS) and the Sustainable Cooling Scenario (SCS) adopted from the business-as-usual (BAU) and Clean Energy Scenario (CES) of the Philippine Energy Outlook. With these assumptions on RCS and SCS, the domestic refrigeration sector will save 4.41 TWh while the residential cooling sector will save 12.15 TWh. There is a net effect in total emission reduction estimates of 10.68 MT CO2 equivalent which is close to 12 % of the unconditional target submitted to UNFCCC.
An investigation of time-dependent ozone (O3) concentration using Geographic Information System: a case study in Central of Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Gusti Ngurah Putu Dharmayasa I , Ko Ko Oo Zin , Yee Mon Hsu , Mankong Phatchari , Ayu Trisna Adhiswari Wedagama Dewa , Darmaastawan Kadek 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately 7 million people die each year due to exposure to polluted air. Ground-level ozone is one of the air pollutants that forms as a result of chemical reactions, specifically through photochemical processes. This study utilized GIS to investigate the ozone concentration in 29 districts in Central Bangkok, Thailand, aiming to assess the health risks associated with ozone and compare them with standard values. According to this study, the ozone concentration in the Bangkok area is generally low during the time range of 01:00 - 08:00 and 17:00 - 00:00, while it tends to be high during the daytime (from 9:00 - 16:00). The highest ozone concentration exceeding the defined safe limit (> 100 ppb) for a short duration (1 hour) occurred in Pubpla during the study period. Additionally, some districts, namely Bang Na, Phra Khanong, Suan Luang, Bang Kapi, and Wang Thonglang, experienced ozone concentrations surpassing the average standard limit (>70 ppb) over an 8-hour period. The high ozone concentrations in these areas can be attributed to their dense population. The increased usage of motor vehicles and high temperatures during working hours contribute to the ease of ozone formation at the surface.
Empowering ASEAN’s Education for RE Jobs: A Readiness Assessment
Authors: Bilqis Amira , Esmeralda Manaloe Shania , Febriyanti Auliya , Retno Yuniarni Diah , Safrina Rika , Yurnaidi Zulfikar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The global imperative to address climate change and the depletion of traditional fossil fuel sources has underscored the need for a significant transition toward sustainable energy. ASEAN Member States embark on a journey towards energy transition toward low carbon economy. This transition necessitates a substantial workforce, with projections from the 7th ASEAN Energy Outlook estimative around 3.9 - 5.5 million jobs in renewables alone. Thus, adequate preparation for these roles is essential. Educational institutions’ role in the ASEAN region is imperative as the spearhead in preparing the workforce with the needed knowledge and skills for green energy jobs. This paper analyses the region’s formal education system’s readiness to cultivate skilled workforce candidates to meet the growing demand for green energy jobs. This study examines the current state of RE education in the ASEAN region through several indicators and provides best practices highlighting that various challenges are causing limited and varying progress. Addressing the gaps, the study recommended several efforts by relevant stakeholders to enhance educational readiness to propel ASEAN renewables development.
Understanding Impact Resistance of Hollow Core Slabs Using FRP Retrofitting. A Comparative Analysis of GFRP And CFRP
Authors: Maxi Mina , Essam Rana , Ehab Mariam 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sudden Impact of structural events poses a significant threat to life safety and structural stability. In other words, the local failure(s) of structures can lead to the collapse of other members and eventually a partial or total collapse. Impact load is one of the extreme loads that are not usually taken into design consideration because of its high cost to be prevented unless the usage of the building dictates this extra care. Hollow core slabs, while offering advantages in terms of weight and construction efficiency, are particularly vulnerable to localized damage in comparison with other slab systems to localized damage, which could lead to progressive collapse. This research investigates the effectiveness of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) retrofitting techniques in enhancing the impact of resistance of hollow core slabs, aiming to mitigate progressive collapse risks and improve structure resilience. In this paper, the significance of FRP retrofitting techniques and properties for different types have been discussed and compared, focusing on Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) and carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (CFRP). By evaluating various case studies, experimental analyses, and numerical simulations, the effectiveness, durability, and performance of FRP retrofitting strategies are examined as well to show the most suitable material for resisting impact load. The findings of this study will provide valuable guidance for engineers and designers in selecting the most suitable FRP material for retrofitting hollow core slabs, enhancing structural integrity and safety against impact loading. Furthermore, this research identifies research gaps and potential areas for further investigation, contributing to the development of a more effective and resilient research orientation for enhanced structure systems.
Torsional Resistance of Strengthened Concrete Elements with Nonconventional Reinforcement Technique
Authors: Sharaf A. Nasser , Nagy Nabil M. , Sultan Ahmed E. , A.E.M. Ali Mohamed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Concrete is widely recognized as a primary structural material worldwide and is extensively employed across diverse construction sectors. It ranks as the second most consumed material by humans, following water. While past research has predominantly focused on assessing the static and dynamic performance of concrete, there has been a noticeable lack of discussion regarding its torsional resistance, primarily due to challenges associated with testing methodologies. This study investigates the torsional resistance of concrete elements confined with various durable geogrid types using four distinct concrete mixtures. Experimental evaluations were conducted to assess the compressive strength, indirect tensile strength, and torsional resistance of each group. Findings reveal that all concrete mixtures achieved the targeted compressive strength of 30 MPa. Furthermore, the incorporation of different geogrid reinforcements notably enhanced the tensile strength and torsional resistance of the concrete elements by up to 87% and 43.75%, respectively. Notably, among the tested specimens, those reinforced with tri-axial geogrid demonstrated superior tensile and torsional resistance properties.
Effectiveness of adding kaolin to Cement and Cement kiln Dust Mortar
Authors: Abdel Wahab Rafik K. , Hassan M. , Anan Azza I. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The objective of this investigation is to discover a binder material derived from cement kiln bypass dust mixed with kaolin without calcination at ambient temperature. A total of nine groups were fabricated with eighty-one cubes containing different mixtures. These mixtures were primarily based on a cement mortar contained a 50% combination of cement and cement kiln dust, along with varying amounts of kaolin (10%, 15%, and 20% by weight). The impact of these different ratios on the mechanical properties of mortar, as well as the hydration products, was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The findings indicated a positive enhancement in the mortar compressive strength at 10% kaolin, ranging from 70% to 144% after 7 and 28 days of curing, in comparison with the compressive strength of mortar without kaolin.
Numerical Behaviour of Stone Column in Soft Clayey Soil
Authors: Abdelaziz A. M. , Elshesheny Ahmed , Abdelmotaal Nabil , Nagy Nabil M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Soft clayey soils present a geotechnical challenge due to their low shear strength and high compressibility. The finite element package, ABAQUS, is used to perform a comprehensive numerical analysis on stone columns. The study investigates the bearing capacity and vertical and lateral deformations of soft clayey soils due to installing stone columns in them. The numerical model using the unit cell concept investigates the influence of varying two main physical parameters, i.e. the stone column material strength (ϕ), and the native soil cohesion (c). Moreover, this study utilizes variable numerical models to study the effect of the ratio between column length and its diameter, (L/d), on the efficiency of stone columns as a soil-enhancing method for weak clayey soil conditions. The influence of the stone column length on the occurred failure mode was studied. The outcomes demonstrated that using stone columns improves the behaviour of soft clayey soil, where the bearing capacity is enhanced and the soil surface settlement is reduced. Furthermore, using stone column filling materials with higher friction angles enhanced the stability of the system, and the optimum values of native soil cohesion and stone column materials friction angle are 30 kPa and 40°, respectively. Also, the outcomes illustrated that increasing the applied pressure controls the bulging length of SC, where the bulging length was 2.5d, 3d, and 3.5d for the applied pressure of 50.0 kPa, 100.0kPa, and 150.0 kPa, respectively.
Numerical Investigation of Cold Formed Z Purlins with Lap Bolted Connection
Authors: Khalil A E , Abdelrazek A M , Hanna M T , Ibrahim A M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The main aim of this paper is to investigate the flexural rigidity of lapped cold-formed steel (CFS) purlin connections under monotonic loading, using a numerical model developed with finite element software ABAQUS. The purlins are made up of CFS Z-section, while high strength bolts of diameter 12 mm and grade 8.8 have been used. The test setup consists of simply supported two Z-section that are connected together using overlap connection, where load is being applied at mid span. Furthermore, a parametric study has been conducted to investigate various parameters including, length of lapped connections, thickness, and depth of CFS section and arrangement of bolts, to end up with a total of 15 case specimens. All case specimens were examined in detail in terms of load carrying capacity and deflection characteristics. The results showed that overlap connection is capable of transmitting moment and acts as semi-rigid connection. Moreover, results proved that increasing the ratio of overlap length to beam span resulted in an increase in connection moment capacity. Additionally, decreasing the ratio of lap length to section thickness increases the flexural capacity. Finally, the specimens with bolts in both flange and web at the position of overlap connection were found to have the highest moment capacity.
Assessing Prime Coat Permeation with Superpave Gyratory Compaction
Authors: Gabry Mohamed El , Mahdy Kamel , Soliman Ahmed A. , Soltan Akram 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Identifying more lab methodologies for obtaining optimum prime coat application rates has been a major concern in the pavement construction process. This coating significance is revealed in preserving resilience and longevity in pavement construction. Weak bonding and increasing binder waste are resulted from lesser or excessive prime amount. This paper focuses on some issues in the construction process, such as uncertainty of surface conditions and the absence of uniform testing procedures. These issues signify the need for creative proposals and more substantial researches. Finally, the research demonstrates an easier lap method in obtaining the most suitable prime coat application rate through the penetration test. It depends on the super pave gyratory compactor emphasizing its accuracy, effectiveness and capability of enhancing pavement durability. Therefore, this extensive overview establishes the framework for additional research into the suggested methodology and the optimum obtained results of spreading prime coat lay within the rates of the Egyptian Code.
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Non-Overflow Concrete Gravity Dam Section
Authors: Rezk M Y , Mohamed N H , Elashaal Ashraf A. , Nagy Nabil M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
As the economy advances, there is a growing need for energy. Harnessing hydroelectric energy has emerged as a crucial strategy for addressing the energy crisis. To promote hydropower development, numerous tall concrete dams are either under construction or in the planning stages. These dams are frequently situated in areas with elevated water levels and face the challenge of being located in regions with high seismic intensity. An accident resulting from the failure of concrete dams can pose significant threats to both economic development and public safety. Therefore, it is of crucial importance to investigate the stability of such dams, particularly under conditions of high water levels and seismic activity. The finite element program Geostudio is being undertaken to evaluate a complete numerical analysis of the dam. In this paper, Longtan Dam has been selected as the case study for the research. This study is applied in two cases: seismic and static conditions. A two-dimensional seismic numerical analysis was carried out using the Koyna earthquake acceleration time records in 1976. The results of the FEM model concluded that the dam is unsafe under sesmic conditions. The concrete-rock interface, particularly susceptible to sliding, was identified as the most critical part of the dam, presenting the most likely failure mode. The study highlights the significance of its methodology in investigating earthquake effects on dams, prioritizing it over the achieved results. The aim is for the conclusions and recommendations to provide valuable guidance for future studies and initiatives focused on enhancing safety at hydropower dams.
Investigating the Use of 3D Printing and the Integration of BIM in Manufacturing Furniture Units
Authors: Ahmady Youmna , Hatem Abdulrahman A. , Hassan Dalya M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
3D printing is an emerging technology and one of the main aspects that can help in its success is BIM (Building Information Modelling). Despite recent interest in this topic, research indicates that to date no framework is in place that highlights the integration of BIM with 3D printing technology in the furniture design and production industry. This research delves deep into the use of 3D printing with the aid of BIM tools to produce furniture units. Through an analytical and experimental approach, this study aims to develop a conceptual framework that integrates BIM within the 3D printing process of small-scale furniture units. To gather data, the existing literature has been reviewed thoroughly and a framework was developed and adopted in the experimental study; where a BIM software was used to simulate a piece of furniture and measure the printing process against a set of criteria such as cost, material, and energy consumption. Results of the experiment were analysed and validated by applying comparative analysis between the interview with an expert in the interior 3D printing field and the results of the simulation. The research provided key aspects to be considered in the 3D printing of interior furniture pieces in addition to outlining the relevant limitations as well as the possible opportunities for further research.
Circular Economy for Minimising Waste Generation During the Architectural Design Process
Authors: Kamel A A , Alamoudy F O , Othman A A E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The construction industry is responsible for 40% of resource extraction and solid waste generation worldwide. This is due to the industry’s adoption of a linear economy model of “take, make and dispose”. As a result, finite natural resources are being depleted which contradicts the concept of sustainability. This can be overcome in the design process by adopting circular design strategies. These strategies are based on the circular economy and its principles whose notion is based on eradicating waste by designing products & processes that optimally utilise resources and cycles them. Since 33% of construction waste is due to inadequate implementation of waste minimisation strategies during the design process, this research aims to investigate the circular economy principles and their corresponding circular design strategies and their relationship with minimising waste during the design process. To fulfil this, a mixed approach of quantitative & qualitative methods is used to achieve three objectives. First, the past literature is reviewed to investigate the concepts on which this study is built upon. These are waste generation, the design process and circular economy (CE), its principles & design strategies (CDS). Second, a relationship matrix is proposed between the studied concepts based on the previous literature to serve as a tool for architects to identify the suitable CDS for their projects. Finally, a case study is analysed to investigate the effectiveness of the adoption of CDS in minimising waste generation during the design process. When comparing the research’s literature outcome with the case study analysis, the results corresponded. Hence, this presents an initial validation for the proposed matrix, initiating the first step for further research to develop a framework that can help architects minimise waste generation during the design process.
Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Green Concrete Blocks Mixture
Authors: El Ghazaly T , Micheal A , Moussa R R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Concrete is a very abundant building material and flexible in construction. Yet cement is the main material used in concrete mixture, which consumed a lot of energy and money. Cement is a very un-eco-friendly material when it comes to production and is a main contributor to global warming. On the other hand, Polymers can be toxic to people, fauna, and flora. In the last century, Egyptian citizens complained that the waste has increased, and the inappropriate waste disposal effect the Egyptian health and quality of life. The alternative is to burn the polymers; however, it will produce toxic emissions that will break down the ozone layer. Previous researchers tried to replace cement with an alternative in the concrete mixture. Therefore, this research intends to create a green concrete block with cement-less mixture and use polymers as a binding material in the blocks. This research will follow the experimental method after discussing the properties of the materials. Then a concrete mix will be created, and a percentage of cement will be replaced; thus, making a cheap concrete mixture that has less cement and is more ecological and economical. Tests will be performed to determine if the proposed concrete mixture is suitable for mass production and doesn’t violate the international standards. The performed tests will include compressive strength, tensile strength, and abrasion. finally, a cost analysis will be calculated to compare the construction costs before and after using the proposed concrete mixture.