bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of municipal sewage sludge on the chemical composition of spring barley
Authors: Kępka Wojciech , Antonkiewicz Jacek , Jasiewicz Czesława , Gambuś Florian , Witkowicz Robert 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Due to the fact that soils in Poland are mostly light soils, there is a need to improve their physical, chemical and biological properties. In addition, as a result of the decrease in the number of farm animals, a decrease in production of natural fertilizers can be observed. Low production of natural fertilizers speaks in favor of agricultural use of municipal sewage sludge in Poland. Municipal sewage sludge is composed of large quantities of macronutrients necessary for plants. This waste also contains significant amounts of organic substance. Chemical properties, including a high content of nitrogen, phosphorus, and often calcium, speak in favor of environmental use of municipal sewage sludge. Increasing requirements with respect to environmental protection cause the necessity to assess the effects of using organic waste for fertilization. In a farm located in the commune of Iwanowice (Małopolska province), municipal sewage sludge was applied under spring barley cultivation. The soil on which municipal sewage sludge was applied was classified into the category of heavy soils with neutral reaction. When assessing the content of available nutrients (P, K, Mg) in the soil, their low content was determined. After application of municipal sewage sludge in a dose of 24 Mg fresh matter per hectare, which corresponded to 5.34 Mg DM·ha−1, under spring barley, beneficial changes in chemical properties of the soil were observed. An increase in soil abundance in organic carbon and total nitrogen was observed, as well as an increase in the content of available forms of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium. Based on the results of the conducted chemical analyses, it was established that biomass of spring barley fertilized with sewage sludge contained more macronutrients (N, P, K, Na, Ca and Mg), which improved its feed value. The field experiment showed that application of municipal sewage sludge increased uptake of macronutrients by spring barley.
Fachkräftemangel im Gastgewerbe
Authors: Küblböck Stefan , Standar Marcel 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung
Am Beispiel der Region Braunschweig-Wolfsburg zeigen die Autoren anhand von Sekundär- und mehrstufiger Primärforschung, dass Fachkräftemangel bereits heute die Managementpraxis der Hotelbetriebe prägt. Trotz problematischer Beschaffung von Arbeitskräften können die meisten Hotels Engpässe der Personalverfügbarkeit gegenwärtig noch kompensieren. Die Mehrheit der Verantwortlichen befürchtet jedoch, Ziele in Bezug auf die Personalpolitik und die zu erbringenden Leistungen bald zu verfehlen. Viele Betriebe stellen sogar die Zukunft ihres Unternehmens in Frage. Die Ursachen hinter dem Mangel können als Bündel betrachtet werden. Besonders tief scheint die Kluft zwischen den Ansprüchen junger Auszubildender einerseits und Branchenspezifika sowie-traditionen andererseits zu sein. An ihrer Konvergenz müssen sich auch mögliche Lösungsmaßnahmen orientieren, um das bestehende Nachhaltigkeitsdefizit auszugleichen.
Postcolonial Ekphrasis and Counter-Visions in Derek Walcott’sTiepolo’s Hound– Contacts, Contests and Translations
Authors: Neumann Birgit 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe article sets out to investigate configurations of literary visuality in Derek Walcott’s long poemTiepolo’s Hound, illustrating how an engagement with verbal-visual relations might add to our understanding of Walcott’s postcolonial aesthetics. It is argued that the evocation of Eurocentric visual practices constitutes an act of intermedial and transcultural translation, which both acknowledges the influence of imposed models and subjects them to creative processes of exchange.
Retinal and Nonretinal Contributions to Extraclassical Surround Suppression in the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Authors: Fisher Tucker G. , Alitto Henry J. , Usrey W. Martin 
Published: December 2016

Extraclassical surround suppression is a prominent receptive field property of neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the dorsal thalamus, influencing stimulus size tuning, response gain control, and temporal features of visual responses. Despite evidence for the involvement of both retinal and nonretinal circuits in the generation of extraclassical suppression, we lack an understanding of the relative roles played by these pathways and how they interact during visual stimulation. To determine the contribution of retinal and nonretinal mechanisms to extraclassical suppression in the feline, we made simultaneous single-unit recordings from synaptically connected retinal ganglion cells and LGN neurons and measured the influence of stimulus size on the spiking activity of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. Results show that extraclassical suppression is significantly stronger for LGN neurons than for their retinal inputs, indicating a role for extraretinal mechanisms. Further analysis revealed that the enhanced suppression can be accounted for by mechanisms that suppress the effectiveness of retinal inputs in evoking LGN spikes. Finally, an examination of the time course for the onset of extraclassical suppression in the LGN and the size-dependent modulation of retinal spike efficacy suggests the early phase of augmented suppression involves local thalamic circuits. Together, these results demonstrate that the LGN is much more than a simple relay for retinal signals to cortex; it also filters retinal spikes dynamically on the basis of stimulus statistics to adjust the gain of visual signals delivered to cortex.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) is the gateway through which retinal information reaches the cerebral cortex. Within the LGN, neuronal responses are often suppressed by stimuli that extend beyond the classical receptive field. This form of suppression, called extraclassical suppression, serves to adjust the size tuning, response gain, and temporal response properties of neurons. Given the important influence of extraclassical suppression on visual signals delivered to cortex, we performed experiments to determine the circuit mechanisms that contribute to extraclassical suppression in the LGN. Results show that suppression is augmented beyond that provided by direct retinal inputs and delayed, consistent with polysynaptic inhibition. Importantly, these mechanisms influence the effectiveness of incoming retinal signals, thereby filtering the signals ultimately conveyed to cortex.
Formation of Long-Term Locomotor Memories Is Associated with Functional Connectivity Changes in the Cerebellar–Thalamic–Cortical Network
Authors: Mawase Firas , Bar-Haim Simona , Shmuelof Lior 
Published: December 2016

Although motor adaptation is typically rapid, accumulating evidence shows that it is also associated with long-lasting behavioral and neuronal changes. Two processes were suggested to explain the formation of long-term motor memories: recall, reflecting a retrieval of previous motor actions, and faster relearning, reflecting an increased sensitivity to errors. Although these manifestations of motor memories were initially demonstrated in the context of adaptation experiments in reaching, indications of long-term motor memories were also demonstrated recently in other kinds of adaptation such as in locomotor adaptation. Little is known about the neural processes that underlie these distinct aspects of memory. We hypothesize that recall and faster relearning reflect different learning processes that operate at the same time and depend on different neuronal networks. Seventeen subjects performed a multisession locomotor adaptation experiment in the laboratory, together with resting-state and localizer fMRI scans, after the baseline and the locomotor adaptation sessions. We report a modulation of the cerebellar–thalamic–cortical and cerebellar–basal ganglia networks after locomotor adaptation. Interestingly, whereas thalamic–cortical baseline connectivity was correlated with recall, cerebellar–thalamic baseline connectivity was correlated with faster relearning. Our results suggest that separate neuronal networks underlie error sensitivity and retrieval components. Individual differences in baseline resting-state connectivity can predict idiosyncratic combination of these components.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe ability to shape our motor behavior rapidly in everyday activity, such as when walking on sand, suggests the existence of long-term motor memories. It was suggested recently that this ability is achieved by the retrieval of previous motor actions and by enhanced relearning capacity. Little is known about the neural mechanisms that underlie these memory processes. We studied the modularity in long-term motor memories in the context of locomotor adaptation using resting-state fMRI. We show that retrieval and relearning effects are associated with separate locomotor control networks and that intersubject variability in learning and in the generation of motor memories could be predicted from baseline resting-state connectivity in locomotor-related networks.
De solidaridades problemáticas y utopías sin armonizar: una lectura de Limón Reggae (2007), de Anacristina Rossi, y Big Banana (2000), de Roberto Quesada
Authors: Rios Quesada Veronica 
Published: December 2016

En este artículo se analizan los límites de la solidaridad desde el descentramiento de los protagonistas mestizos en Limón Reggae, de la costarricense Anacristina Rossi (2007), y Big Banana, del hondureño Roberto Quesada (2000). En la primera novela se representa a los descendientes costarricenses de los migrantes antillanos (jamaiquinos en su mayoría), y en la segunda, a los garífunas hondureños. Mientras Limón Reggae explora una solidaridad de carácter político-estructural, tanto en Costa Rica como en Estados Unidos, así como la posibilidad de una relación amorosa interracial, Big Banana se enfoca en la solidaridad por empatía a través de la relación entre Eduardo y Mairena en territorio estadounidense, problematizando así la posibilidad de reinvención identitaria en ese “tercer espacio”. Ninguno de los dos textos se atreve a presentar una solución simplista u homogénea para la convivencia, por lo que los dos grupos, finalmente, permanecen separados. Ambas recalcan la importancia del lugar de enunciación y, deesta manera, evitan caer en las falacias de las ficciones de solidaridad que se pierden en su propia fantasía de solidaridad.
¿Black is black? El Caribe y Centroamérica más allá de África y la negritud
Authors: Mackenbach Werner 
Published: December 2016

En los estudios sobre el Caribe se ha vuelto un tópico común entender la región en términos de afrodescendencia y negritud. Con eso, se ha perfilado cierta tendencia de encerrar el espacio cultural tan diverso del Caribe y Centroamérica en una nueva concepción limitada y esencialista que hace abstracción de las múltiples y complejas convergencias transculturales a lo largo de su historia. Sin embargo, ya a partir de los años setenta y ochenta del siglo XX se han generado ensayos abarcadores e innovadores en y desde el espacio caribeño mismo que introducen nuevas dimensiones en los debates sobre caribeñidad, antillanidad, mestizaje, ‘creolidad’ etc. En las literaturas caribeñas y centroamericanas han emergido numerosas obras que tematizan, ironizan y parodian la búsqueda de una identidad exclusivamente negra de los Caribes y de los intentos de regresar a la “Madre África”. El ensayo se dedica al análisis de este fenómeno en cuatro novelas de los Caribes francófono e hispanófono: Ti Jean l’horizon (1979) de Simone Schwarz-Bart (Guadalupe), Calypso (1996) de Tatiana Lobo (Costa Rica), Limón Blues (2002) de Anacristina Rossi (Costa Rica) y Black is black (2008) de Raphaël Confiant (Martinica).
Potential Settlement Due to Seismic Effects in the Residential Area of Ilgin (Konya, Turkey)
Authors: Ozdemir Adnan , Nalbantcilar Mahmut Tahir 
Published: December 2016

Ilgin lies on newly formed, loose, granular deposits, and there is a substantial risk for surface liquefaction and foundation settlements due to the seismic effects resulting from groundwater close to the surface. This study evaluates potential settlement due to seismic effects in the residential areas of Ilgin using the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) performed on 45 geotechnical bores. In Turkey, where earthquakes occur frequently, the selection of residential areas is of great importance. In this research, the number of settlements was calculated considering an earthquake having a Local Magnitude of 6 (i.e., ML ≥ 6.0 and a ≥ 0.4 g) under a 0.4 g seismic force, and a potential settlement map of the residential area was prepared. The amount of settlement exceeds 20 cm at locations near Ilgin Lake and in the northern section of Ilgin residential areas; downtown, the settlement ranges from 10-20 cm. The settlements presented here exceed the allowable threshold limits for structures constructed using adobe and brick in this district. Thus, improvements to minimize earthquake-induced damages are required for structures in Ilgin. Moreover, the selection of new residential areas, along with the proper design of the structures before construction, should be examined further to avoid ground liquefaction and structure damage due to settlement. ResumenLa localidad de Ilgin está ubicada sobre depósitos recién formados, granulares y no compactos, por lo que existe un riesgo sustancial de licuefacción de la superficie y la creación de asentamientos o deslizamientos debido a los efectos sísmicos resultantes del agua subterránea poco profunda. Este artículo evalúa el potencial de asentamiento debido a los efectos sísmicos en las áreas residenciales de Ilgin a través del Ensayo de Penetración Estándar (SPT, en inglés) realizado en 45 perforaciones geotécnicas. En Turquía, donde los terremotos ocurren frecuentemente, la selección de áreas residenciales es de gran importancia. En esta investigación, se calculó el número de asentamientos ante un terremoto con Magnitud Local (ML) de 6 y con una fuerza sísmica de 0.4 g para preparar un mapa de asentamientos en el área residencial. La cantidad de asentamientos supera los 20 centímetros en lugares cercanos al lago Ilgin y en la sección norte del área residencial; en el centro, los rangos de asentamiento van de 10 a 20 cm. Los asentamientos presentados exceden los límites de lo permitido para estructuras construidas en adobe y ladrillo en este distrito. Por esto, se requieren mejoras para minimizar los daños inducidos por terremotos en las estructuras de Ilgin. Además, la selección de nuevas áreas residenciales, junto con el diseño apropiado de las estructuras antes de la construcción, debe ser revisado atentamente para evitar la licuefacción del suelo y el daño de las estructuras debido al asentamiento.
Temporal-spatial distribution of oceanic vertical deflections determined by TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason-1/2 missions
Authors: Guo Jin Yun , Shen Yi , Zhang Kaihua , Liu Xin , Kong Qiaoli , Xie Feifei 
Published: December 2016

Deflections of the Vertical (DOV) are essential data in the geodetic observation reduce, the earth gravity field and geoid model refinement, and the mass earth change. The meridional and prime vertical components of global oceanic DOVs are estimated from altimetry data of TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason-1, and Jason-2, through 1992 to 2013 with the crossover method, to analyze the temporal-spatial distribution of marine DOVs. Comparing with the EGM2008-modelled DOVs, precisions of meridional and prime vertical components can be up to 0.98” and 1.02”, respectively. The time series of annual mean DOVs from 1992 to 2013 are studied to get the annual variation law. Annual changes of meridional and prime vertical components are small over most oceans. But the annual changes are significant over oceans with large submarine topography undulations. The spatial distribution of oceanic DOVs is also analyzed. The absolute DOVs over oceans around lands, islands, and large oceanic trenches are greater than those over the other oceans. The meridional and prime vertical components are consistent with the longitude and latitude directions, respectively. ResumenLas Desviaciones de la Vertical (DOV, del inglés Deflections of the Vertical) son información esencial en la simplificación de la observación geodésica, el campo gravitatorio terrestre y el perfeccionamiento del modelo geoide, y el cambio de la masa terrestre. Se estimaron los componentes meridional y principal vertical de las desviaciones de la vertical oceánica global con la información altimétrica de TOPEX/Poseidón, Jason 1 y Jason 2, de 1992 a 2013, con un método de cruce para analizar la distribución espacio-temporal de las desviaciones de la vertical marinas. Comparadas con las desviaciones de la vertical obtenidas con el modelo EGM2008 (Modelo de Gravitación de la Tierra), la precisión de los componentes meridional y principal vertical puede aumentarse 0.98" y 1.02", respectivamente. Se estudiaron las series temporales de la media anual de las desviaciones de la vertical desde 1992 a 2013 para obtener la ley anual de variación. Los cambios anuales de los componentes meridional y principal vertical son muy pequeñas en la mayoría de los océanos. Sin embargo, los cambios anuales son mayores en aquellos océanos con una topografía submarina de grandes ondulaciones. También se analizó la distribución espacial de las desviaciones de la vertical oceánicas. Las desviaciones de la vertical absolutas alrededor de los continentes, islas y fosas oceánicas mayores son superiores que aquellas sobre los otros océanos. Los componentes meridional y vertical principal son consistentes con las direcciones de la longitud y la latitud, respectivamente.
Experimental study of petrophysical properties of a tight formation by considering the clay minerals and flow sensitivities
Authors: Liu Guangfen , Li Shoujun , Gu Daihong , Lu Yang , Asamoah Emmanuel 
Published: December 2016

Quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis of rock, X-ray diffraction analysis of clay minerals types and components, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and sensitivity flow experiments methods were used toresearch the effects of clay minerals on the porosity and permeability of Ordos Basin’s tight Chang 7 reservoir (Zhenbei area). These methods were also used to analyze the type, degree, and factors affecting reservoir sensitivity. The research showed that the reservoir possessed poor water, salt, and alkali sensitivity, poor to strong acid sensitivity and none to poor velocity sensitivity. Acid sensitivity among them had comparatively large differences, mainly because acid sensitivity was not only affected by chlorite but also by components of carbonate minerals. Stress sensitivity experiment results showed that the maximum degree of permeability damage in the rocks of this reservoir was median to very strong; irreversible damage level was weak to strong. Consequently, the experimental studies are favorable to not only determine the factor dominating the petrophysical properties of the tight formation, but also to optimize the follow-up development strategies, e.g. injection schedule and hydraulic fracturing implement. Estudio Experimental de las propiedades petrofísicas de una formación compacta al considerar las arcillas minerales y las respuestas de flujo ResumenEste trabajo utilizó análisis cuantitativos de rocas por difracción de rayos X, análisis de los tipos y componentes de arcillas minerales por difracción de rayos X, análisis con el microscopio electrónico de efecto de campo (FESEM, del inglés Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) y ensayos de respuesta de flujo para investigar los efectos de las arcillas minerales en la porosidad y permeabilidad del depósito Chang 7, en la cuenca del Ordos (región Zhenbei). Estos métodos también se utilizaron para analizar el tipo, el grado y los factores que afectan la respuesta del depósito. La investigación demuestra que el depósito posee poca agua, sal y respuesta alcalina, baja a fuerte respuesta de acidez, y ninguna a baja respuesta de velocidad. Entre estas características, la respuesta de acidez presentó grandes diferencias comparativas debido a que está afectada tanto por el clorito como por los componentes de minerales carbonatos. Los resultados de los ensayos de respuesta de tensión muestran que el máximo grado de daño por permeabilidad en las rocas del depósito es de mediano a muy fuerte; el nivel de daño irreversible va de débil hasta fuerte. Por lo tanto lo estudios experimentales son favorables no solo para determinar el factor dominante en las propiedades petrofísicas de la formación compacta sino también para optimizar las futuras estrategias de desarrollo, como una programación de las tareas de inyección y la implementación de la fractura hidráulica.
Randomized Phase II Study of Cabazitaxel Versus Methotrexate in Patients With Recurrent and/or Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Previously Treated With Platinum-Based Therapy
Authors: Machiels Jean-Pascal Henry , Van Maanen Aline , Vandenbulcke Jean-Marie , Filleul Bertrand , Seront Emmanuel , Henry Stéphanie , D’Hondt Lionel , Lonchay Christophe , Holbrechts Stéphane , Boegner Petra , Brohee Dany , Dequanter Didier , Louviaux Ingrid , Sautois Brieuc , Whenham Nicolas , Berchem Guy , Vanderschueren Brigitte , Fontaine Christel , Schmitz Sandra , Gillain Aline , Schoonjans Joelle , Rottey Sylvie 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Lessons Learned
Cabazitaxel has activity in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and taxane-resistant cell lines. For the first time, cabazitaxel was investigated in incurable patients with recurrent SCCHN. Patients were randomly assigned to cabazitaxel every 3 weeks or weekly methotrexate. This phase II study did not meet its primary endpoint. Cabazitaxel has low activity in SCCHN. The toxicity profile in this population also was not favorable owing to the high rate of febrile neutropenia observed (17%).

Background.
Cabazitaxel is a second-generation taxane that improves the survival of patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer following docetaxel therapy. Cabazitaxel has activity in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and taxane-resistant cell lines. In this randomized phase II trial, we investigated cabazitaxel in patients with recurrent SCCHN.

Methods.
Patients with incurable SCCHN with progression after platinum-based therapy were randomly assigned to cabazitaxel every 3 weeks (cycle 1, 20 mg/m2, increased to 25 mg/m2 for subsequent cycles in the absence of nonhematological adverse events [AEs] greater than grade 2 and hematological AEs greater than grade 3) or methotrexate (40 mg/m2/week). The patients were stratified according to their performance status and previous platinum-based chemotherapy for palliation versus curative intent. The primary endpoint was the progression-free survival rate (PFSR) at 18 weeks.

Results.
Of the 101 patients, 53 and 48, with a median age of 58.0 years (range, 41–80), were randomly assigned to cabazitaxel or methotrexate, respectively. The PFSR at 18 weeks was 13.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5%–25%) for cabazitaxel and 8.3% (95% CI, 2%–20%) for methotrexate. The median progression-free survival was 1.9 months in both arms. The median overall survival was 5.0 and 3.6 months for cabazitaxel and methotrexate, respectively. More patients experienced serious adverse events with cabazitaxel than with methotrexate (54% vs. 36%). The most common drug-related grade 3–4 AE in the cabazitaxel arm was febrile neutropenia (17.3%).

Conclusion.
This study did not meet its primary endpoint. Cabazitaxel has low activity in recurrent SCCHN.