bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Self-Consistent Regional Ensemble Background Error Covariance on Hurricane Inner-Core Data Assimilation with the GSI-Based Hybrid System for HWRF
Authors: Pu Zhaoxia , Zhang Shixuan , Tong Mingjing , Tallapragada Vijay 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
An initial vortex spindown, or strong adjustment to the structure and intensity of a hurricane’s initial vortex, presents a significant problem in hurricane forecasting, as with the NCEP Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting Model (HWRF), because it can cause significantly degraded intensity forecasts. In this study, the influence of the self-consistent regional ensemble background error covariance on assimilating hurricane inner-core tail Doppler radar (TDR) observations in HWRF is examined with the NCEP gridpoint statistical interpolation (GSI)-based ensemble–three-dimensional variational (3DVAR) hybrid data assimilation system. It is found that the resolution of the background error covariance term, coming from the ensemble forecasts, has notable influence on the assimilation of hurricane inner-core observations and subsequent forecasting results. Specifically, the use of ensemble forecasting at high-resolution native grids results in significant reduction of the vortex spindown problem and thus leads to improved hurricane intensity forecasting.
Further diagnoses are conducted to examine the spindown problem with a gradient wind balance. It is found that artificial vortex initialization, performed before data assimilation, can cause strong supergradient winds or imbalance in the vortex inner-core region. Assimilation of hurricane inner-core TDR data can significantly mitigate this imbalance by reducing the supergradient effects. Compared with the use of a global ensemble background error term, application of the self-consistent regional ensemble background covariance to inner-core data assimilation leads to better representation of the mesoscale hurricane inner-core structures. It can also result in more realistic vortex structures in data assimilation even when the observational data are unevenly distributed.
Regional Variation in the Wet Season of Northern Australia
Authors: Murphy Michael J. , Siems Steven T. , Manton Michael J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractVariability in the wet season of tropical northern Australia is examined over its main months, November–March, with a focus on zonal differences between the western, central, and eastern domains, which encompass the northern parts of Western Australia, Northern Territory, and Queensland, respectively. The seasonal progression of the wet season is similar across the region, with steadily increasing atmospheric moisture and rainfall into the core months of the monsoon, January and February, decreasing into March. This seasonal progression differs in the eastern domain, where there is an extension of premonsoonal conditions into December, and a delay of the onset of the monsoon until January. An analysis of TRMM precipitation features (PFs) reveals more intense convection during the premonsoon, steadily decreasing in intensity to much shallower convection by March, with a steady increase in the overall number of PFs throughout the wet season. Regionally, the intensity of PFs steadily decreases eastward across northern Australia with significantly weaker, shallower PFs over the eastern domain. Intraseasonal variability associated with the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) has a consistent impact on the rainfall and the total number of TRMM PFs across northern Australia, with both increasing and decreasing during the active and suppressed phases, respectively. However, regional variations in the effect of the MJO lead to radically different characteristics of PFs during the suppressed phases; intense convection and thunderstorms become more frequent over the western and central domains, while shallow PFs associated with the warm rain precipitation process increase in number over the eastern domain.
A Spatiotemporal Water Vapor–Deep Convection Correlation Metric Derived from the Amazon Dense GNSS Meteorological Network
Authors: Adams David K. , Barbosa Henrique M. J. , Gaitán De Los Ríos Karen Patricia 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Deep atmospheric convection, which covers a large range of spatial scales during its evolution, continues to be a challenge for models to replicate, particularly over land in the tropics. Specifically, the shallow-to-deep convective transition and organization on the mesoscale are often not properly represented in coarse-resolution models. High-resolution models offer insights on physical mechanisms responsible for the shallow-to-deep transition. Model verification, however, at both coarse and high resolution requires validation and, hence, observational metrics, which are lacking in the tropics. Here a straightforward metric derived from the Amazon Dense GNSS Meteorological Network (~100 km × 100 km) is presented based on a spatial correlation decay time scale during convective evolution on the mesoscale. For the shallow-to-deep transition, the correlation decay time scale is shown to be around 3.5 h. This novel result provides a much needed metric from the deep tropics for numerical models to replicate.
Participants’ Satisfaction With Family Involvement Meetings
Authors: Ahn Haksoon , Hartzel Samantha , Shaw Terry 
Published: September 2016

Purpose: Bivariate and logistics regression analyses were conducted to examine the effectiveness of child welfare agencies’ Family Group Decision-Making (FGDM) practices focused on strengthening families and positive outcomes for children. This study evaluates one mid-Atlantic state’s implementation of a FGDM called family involvement meetings (FIMs) to improve family strengths and their active engagement in the service planning process. Methods: Through use of a FIM Feedback Survey, participants provided satisfaction feedback on the general FIM process and what factors are associated with their satisfaction and decision-making at the meeting. Results: Multiple factors of participant’s engagement, incorporating family strengths, and the FIM facilitator’s knowledge and skills had significant impacts on the participant’s decision-making and overall FIM satisfaction score. Discussion: This study will contribute to examining FGDM facilitators’ practices and effective outcomes of FIMs to improve the well-being, safety, and permanency outcomes for children and their families.
Posters With Fellows
Authors: Kortum Philip T. , Peres S. Camille 
Published: September 2016

Posters With Fellows is an opportunity to interact with some of the best scholars the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society has to offer in a low-key, intellectual setting. Fellows will present posters describing cutting-edge research from their current work, retrospectives of important work they have conducted over their careers, and descriptions of challenging new frontiers they think need to be addressed. This is a unique opportunity for students and professionals alike to talk one on one with the thought leaders of our profession on the important research issues of our time. Participants: Thomas J. Armstrong, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor Deborah A. Boehm-Davis, George Mason University Gloria L. Calhoun, U.S. Air Force Stanley H. Caplan, Usability Associates Nancy J. Cooke, Arizona State University Kermit G. Davis, University of Cincinnati Valerie J. Gawron, MITRE Corp. Douglas J. Gillan, North Carolina State University Wayne D. Gray, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Joel S. Greenstein, Clemson University M. Susan Hallbeck, Mayo Clinic Peter A. Hancock, University of Central Florida Robert Hoffman, Institute for Human & Machine Cognition Edmond W. Israelski, Abbvie Brian M. Kleiner, Virginia Tech Arnold M. Lund, Amazon Lab126 Thomas B. Malone, Carlow International Inc. Kathleen L. Mosier, San Francisco State University Robert W. Proctor, Purdue University Ronald G. Shapiro Matthew B. Weinger, Vanderbilt University Christopher D. Wickens, Alion Science & Technology
A Comprehensive Performance Evaluation of Five Blood Glucose Systems in the Hypo-, Eu-, and Hyperglycemic Range
Authors: Zijlstra Eric , Heinemann Lutz , Fischer Annelie , Kapitza Christoph 
Published: September 2016

Background: The objective was to evaluate the performance (in terms of accuracy, precision, and trueness) of 5 CE-certified and commercially available blood glucose (BG) systems (meters plus test strips) using an innovative clinical-experimental study design with a 3-step glucose clamp approach and frequent capillary BG measurements. Methods: Sixteen subjects with type 1 diabetes participated in this open label, single center trial. BG was clamped at 3 levels for 60 minutes each: 60-100-200 mg/dL. Medical staff performed regular finger pricks (up to 10 per BG level) to obtain capillary blood samples for paired BG measurements with the 5 BG systems and a laboratory method as comparison. Results: Three BG systems displayed significantly lower mean absolute relative deviations (MARD) (ACCU-Chek® Aviva Nano [5.4%], BGStar® [5.1%], iBGStar® [5.3%]) than 2 others (FreeStyle InsuLinx® [7.7%], OneTouch Verio®IQ [10.3%]). The measurement precision of all BG systems was comparable, but relative bias was also lower for the 3 systems with lower MARD (ACCU-Chek [1.3%], BGStar [–0.9%], iBGStar [1.0%]) compared with the 2 others (FreeStyle [–7.2%], OneTouch [8.9%]). Conclusions: This 3 range glucose clamp approach enables a systematic performance evaluation of BG systems under controlled and reproducible conditions. The random error of the tested BG systems was comparable, but some showed a lower systematic error than others. These BG systems allow an accurate glucose measurement at low, normal and high BG levels.
Frontline worker perceptions of medication safety in India
Authors: Sharma Sangeeta , Tabassum Fauzia , Khurana Sarbjeet , Kapoor Kaveri 
Published: September 2016

Background: To explore interprofessionals’ perceptions about patient safety, particularly medication safety and associated factors and barriers. Methods: A total of 389 respondents were recruited using convenience sample in the cross sectional survey. Results: Medication safety was perceived as somewhat safe (60%). One-third of respondents witnessed 3–4 or more medication errors (MEs) within the past 1 year. Out of that, one quarter were reportedly, sentinel events. More sentinel events were witnessed in public hospitals and solo practice clinics compared with corporate hospitals and nursing homes ( p < 0.02). No difference was observed in the occurrence of sentinel events in accredited and nonaccredited facilities ( p = 0.30). Younger respondents witnessed more MEs, whereas accredited hospitals (mostly corporate hospitals) witnessed significantly fewer MEs and graded overall safety as ‘better’. However, most MEs go unreported particularly in solo practice clinics (88%) followed by nursing homes (67%), public hospitals (54%), and corporate hospitals (42%). Error identification and subsequent disclosure was inhibited by several system factors: fear of punitive action and lack of reporting systems. General surgical (46%), medical (42%), and paediatric units (36%), were the most error-prone places. Documentation diverted all healthcare workers from direct patient care. Many doctors and pharmacists from nursing homes, solo clinics and public hospitals reported working overtime. Staff shortages and poor training were overwhelming concerns to all healthcare workers and in public hospitals. Solo clinics and nursing homes perceived more barriers; lack of reporting systems, standard protocol, and resources for patient safety and unfamiliarity with prescribed medications was their overwhelming concern. Other factors threatening MEs were a lack of team approach and openness in interdisciplinary communications, illegible medical orders, and medicines prescribed by brand names. Conclusions: Immediate interventions to improve medication safety include enforcement of legible/printed medical orders in generic names, workforce development, developing standard protocols, and a corresponding change in organizational culture. Accreditation can serve as a driver for improving patient safety.
Effective fluid and grain bulk moduli for heterogeneous thinly layered poroelastic media
Authors: Wollner Uri , Dvorkin Jack 
Published: September 2016

Consider a package of parallel porous layers in which the porosity, the bulk modulus of the pore fluid, and the bulk modulus of the mineral phase are constant within each layer but may vary along the package. We wished to apply Gassmann’s fluid substitution to the entire package now treated as an effective medium (long-wavelength case). The question is: What are the effective properties, namely, the mineral’s and fluid’s bulk moduli, to be used in this operation? The answer depends on the degree of hydraulic communication between the layers. We have examined two limiting cases: (1) all layers in the package are in perfect communication and (2) all layers are hydraulically isolated from each other. The two mathematical methods relevant to these cases are (1) the poroelastic Backus average for the former and (2) the elastic Backus average, respectively. By conducting a sufficient number of numerical experiments, we have found that, in both cases, the effective mineral bulk modulus for the package is very close to the value of the Hill’s average of the bulk moduli of individual layers weighted by their solid fraction. In the case of perfect hydraulic communication, the effective fluid bulk modulus is very close to the harmonic average of the individual moduli weighted by individual porosity. For the case of hydraulically isolated layers, the effective fluid bulk modulus falls between the porosity-weighted harmonic and arithmetic averages. We have evaluated approximate close-form solutions for both cases and found that these approximations cause less than 6% average relative error in the computed stiffness components. Bearing in mind that the full communication and complete isolation scenarios are relevant to very low- and very high-frequency wave propagation, respectively, our results can be interpreted as the frequency dispersion of the effective fluid bulk modulus.
Exercise and internet-based cognitive–behavioural therapy for depression: multicentre randomised controlled trial with 12-month follow-up
Authors: Hallgren Mats , Helgadóttir Björg , Herring Matthew P. , Zeebari Zangin , Lindefors Nils , Kaldo Viktor , Öjehagen Agneta , Forsell Yvonne 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundEvidence-based treatment of depression continues to grow, but successful treatment and maintenance of treatment response remains limited.AimsTo compare the effectiveness of exercise, internet-based cognitive–behavioural therapy (ICBT) and usual care for depression.MethodA multicentre, three-group parallel, randomised controlled trial was conducted with assessment at 3 months (post-treatment) and 12 months (primary end-point). Outcome assessors were masked to group allocation. Computer-generated allocation was performed externally in blocks of 36 and the ratio of participants per group was 1:1:1. In total, 945 adults with mild to moderate depression aged 18–71 years were recruited from primary healthcare centres located throughout Sweden. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three 12-week interventions: supervised group exercise, clinician-supported ICBT or usual care by a physician. The primary outcome was depression severity assessed by the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).ResultsThe response rate at 12-month follow-up was 84%. Depression severity reduced significantly in all three treatment groups in a quadratic trend over time. Mean differences in MADRS score at 12 months were 12.1 (ICBT), 11.4 (exercise) and 9.7 (usual care). At the primary end-point the group × time interaction was significant for both exercise and ICBT. Effect sizes for both interventions were small to moderate.ConclusionsThe long-term treatment effects reported here suggest that prescribed exercise and clinician-supported ICBT should be considered for the treatment of mild to moderate depression in adults.
Inhibition of Oxidative Stress in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Choi Eun Kyung , Jung Hoon , Kwak Kyung Hwa , Yi Soo Jin , Lim Jung A , Park Sol Hee , Park Jun-Mo , Kim Sioh , Jee Dae-Lim , Lim Dong Gun 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND:
Superoxide, nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite are important mediators in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We tested the renoprotective effects of allopurinol (ALP), a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrinato iron (III) (FeTMPyP) by selective inhibition of superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite, respectively.

METHODS:
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 6 per group). Group 1 was a sham-operated group. Group 2 was the renal I/R group (30-minute ischemia followed by 24-hour reperfusion). Rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 received ALP, L-NAME, or FeTMPyP, respectively, at 5 minutes before the reperfusion. Serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renal tissue malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, histological changes, apoptosis, and monocyte infiltration were evaluated. In addition, the combined treatment with ALP and L-NAME was compared with FeTMPyP in a second independent experiment.

RESULTS:
The administration of ALP, L-NAME, and FeTMPyP diminished the increase in Cr (P = .0066 for all) and BUN (P = .0066 for ALP; and P = .013 for L-NAME) induced by I/R injury and decreased the histological damage (P = .0066 for all). In addition, ALP, L-NAME, and FeTMPyP attenuated the oxidative stress response as determined by a decrease in malondialdehyde level (P = .0066 for all), apoptotic renal tubular cells (P = .0066 for all), and monocyte infiltration (P = .0066 for all). The combined treatment of ALP and L-NAME decreased Cr and BUN levels to a greater degree than FeTMPyP (P = .016 for Cr; P = .0079 for BUN).

CONCLUSIONS:
Superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite are involved in renal I/R injury. The reduction of peroxynitrite formation, via inhibition of superoxide or NO, or the induction of peroxynitrite decomposition may be beneficial in renal I/R injury.
Simulated future changes of extreme nutrient loads in a mesoscale agricultural watershed in Bavaria / Simulierte zukünftige Änderungen der Extremwerte für Nährstofffrachten in einem mesoskaligen landwirtschaftlichen Einzugsgebiet in Bayern
Authors: Mehdi Bano , Ludwig Ralf , Lehner Bernhard 
Published: September 2016

Summary
The hydrological model SWAT was applied to the upper Altmühl watershed to examine the simulated 10th and 90th percentiles of streamflow, nitrate nitrogen (NO3
--N), and total phosphorus loads (TP), using an ensemble of reference climate (1975–2000) and future climate (2046–2070) simulations. A comparison between the two periods showed that in the future, the 90th percentiles of the NO3
--N loads increase in all seasons which indicates a trend to increasing diffuse pollution in the mid-term future. Conversely, the 90th percentile TP loads diminished in winter and otherwise remained similar to the reference period. The 10th and 90th percentile changes in the future streamflow followed changes in precipitation, and did not have any apparent influence on extreme nutrient transport events.
Communicating scientific evidence: scientists’, journalists’ and audiences’ expectations and evaluations regarding the representation of scientific uncertainty
Authors: Maier Michaela , Milde Jutta , Post Senja , Günther Lars , Ruhrmann Georg , Barkela Berend 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough uncertainty is inherent in scientific research, it is an often neglected topic in public communication. In this article, we analyze how scientists and journalists think they should communicate about the uncertainty of scientific evidence in public, and whether their real-world communication meets laypersons’ demands and expectations. For scientists and journalists, our analyses are based theoretically on an expectancy-value model and empirically on two representative surveys. Laypersons’ expectations and evaluations are analyzed using qualitative in-depth interviews. Results show that scientists and journalists widely agree that scientific uncertainty should be pointed out in their communication. Nonetheless, while scientists show a clear inclination toward the media and hope that uncertainties will not be dramatized or misused, journalists on the other hand have a strong audience orientation and hope to stimulate critical reflection on scientific findings. For audiences, however, media coverage about scientific uncertainty is of less interest. They clearly expect fact-oriented information on the use of technology in everyday life.
Educator Responses to Migrant Children in Mexican Schools
Authors: García Juan Sánchez , Hamann Edmund T. 
Published: September 2016

A decade-long, five-state, mixed-method study of students encountered in Mexican schools with previous experience in the United States suggests there may be 400,000 such students in educación básica alone (elementary and middle school). The focus here, however, are data from 68 educators asked how they have responded to such students and their families. We offer an emergent taxonomy of teacher sensemaking about these students and teachers’ responsibilities to respond. We then assert that because they are at the interface between a national institution (school) and transnational phenomena (migration), educators can provide key insight into how migration is shaped and negotiated.
Un estudio de una década, en cinco estados, y que utiliza métodos mixtos con estudiantes que se encuentran en escuelas mexicanas con experiencias previas en los Estados Unidos sugiere que se pueden encontrar 400,000 estudiantes de este tipo tan sólo cursando la educación básica (primaria y secundaria). Sin embargo, el enfoque aquí son los datos de 68 educadores a quienes se les preguntó cómo responden a esta clase de estudiantes y a sus familias. Ofrecemos una taxonomía emergente sobre cómo es que los maestros dan sentido a las responsabilidades de tener que responder a este tipo de circunstancias, enfrentadas por estos estudiantes y sus maestros. Procedemos a afirmar que, a causa de que se encuentran en el punto de contacto entre una institución nacional (la escuela) y un fenómeno transnacional (la migración), los educadores pueden proveer información clave sobre cómo es que la migración se define y se negocia.
Sin familia en México
Authors: Olvera José Juan , Muela Carolina 
Published: September 2016

Este trabajo describe las estéticas de jóvenes deportados que tuvieron experiencia carcelaria en prisiones del estado de Texas y que conviven, desde su regreso a México, en un mercado popular de Monterrey. Música, peluquería y tatuaje son revisados desde tres perspectivas: como estilos de vida constructores de subjetividad; como economías de resistencia; y como articuladores de comunidad que facilitan comunicación y acción alrededor de grupos informales, crews u organizaciones transnacionales paracarcelarias, como Tango Blast. La reflexión se centra en la construcción de redes sociales alternativas y el rol de las prácticas estéticas como facilitadoras de procesos de identificación, pertenencia e integración.
This article describes the aesthetics of young deported men who have had prison experience in the state of Texas and now coexist, since their return to Mexico, in a popular market in Monterrey. Music-making, hairdressing and tattooing are discussed through three frameworks: as lifestyle builders of their subjectivity; as economies of resistance; and as articulators of community that facilitate communication and action between informal groups, crews or transnational prison organizations, like Tango Blast. The discussion focuses on the construction of alternative social networks and the role of aesthetic practices as facilitative of identification processes, membership and integration.