bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Mecklenburg County Interlocal Agreement: An 18-Year Collaboration Between Medicine and Public Health
Authors: Piper Crystal N. , Plescia Marcus , Keener Stephen R. , DeHaven Mark 
Published: March 2017

Context:
Better integration of public health and medical services has been a long-standing goal in the United States and has been widely discussed in the scientific literature.

Objective:
To identify key lessons and outcomes of the Mecklenburg County Interlocal Agreement, one of the longest running efforts integrating health care delivery and public health services in a major metropolitan area.

Design:
In-depth key informant interviews and brief questionnaires of leaders involved in the Mecklenburg County Interlocal Agreement.

Setting:
Charlotte-Mecklenburg County, North Carolina.

Participants:
Convenience sample of 15 past and present employees and administrative leaders of the Mecklenburg County Privatization Initiative from the Mecklenburg County Health Department (N = 7) and Carolinas Healthcare System (N = 8).

Main Outcome Measures:
Attitudes reflecting the effects of the Mecklenburg County Privatization Initiative, based on 6 “synergies” for evaluating the effectiveness of health care and public health system collaboration.

Results:
Mean scores were calculated for 21 questionnaire items, using 5-point Likert scales (1 = no impact; 5 = great impact). Mean scores were calculated by averaging the multiple-item question sets reflecting each of the 6 synergies. Synergy scores ranged from a low of 3.1 (3 items reflecting whether the collaboration “Used clinical practice to identify and address community health problems”) to a high of 3.7 (3 items reflecting whether the collaboration “Improved health care by coordinating services for individuals”). The in-depth interviews indicated a clear impact for the 2 synergies linked to individual care. Increased access to care emerged as a strong theme, along with the belief that medical care services were improved and that these improvements persist.

Conclusion:
The findings of this study provide perspective from an 18-year contractual agreement for a large health care system to operate county public health functions. Implications include the need to incorporate well-defined public health principles in any collaborative agreement and to focus these efforts at the primary care level.
Lead Exposure and Developmental Disabilities in Preschool-Aged Children
Authors: Delgado Christine F. , Ullery Mary Anne , Jordan Melissa , Duclos Chris , Rajagopalan Sudha , Scott Keith 
Published: March 2017

Context:
Lead is a preventable environmental toxin that has been previously associated with deficits in cognition, academic performance, attention, and behavior in children. Very few studies, however, have examined the relationship between exposure to lead and documented developmental disabilities.

Objective:
This study examined the relative risk of lead exposure on developmental disabilities in preschool-aged children.

Design:
A statewide lead surveillance data set containing blood lead level (BLL) was integrated with another statewide data set containing developmental disability classifications for special education placement for preschool-aged children.

Participants:
The participants were the 85 178 children (average age 2.6 years) whose records in both data sets were able to be linked. Forty-six percent of the participants had an identified developmental disability.

Main Outcome Measure:
Developmental disability classification served as the main outcome measure.

Results:
A high BLL, defined as 5 μg/dL or more, was associated with significantly increased risk for developmental disabilities (risk ratio [RR] = 1.04; 95% CI = 1.01-1.08), particularly intellectual disability (RR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.10-2.25) and developmental delay (DD; RR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.06-1.17).

Conclusions:
The results of this study are consistent with previous research identifying an association between lead exposure and numerous intellectual and educational outcomes and demonstrate that high BLL is associated with meeting eligibility criteria for developmental disabilities in young children. Continued research, surveillance, and prevention efforts are needed to further reduce the negative impacts of lead on individuals and society. Reducing or eliminating lead exposure would improve outcomes for individual children (eg, better academic performance) and reduce the burden to society (eg, lower enrollments in special education systems).
Root Cause Analyses of Reported Adverse Events Occurring During Gastrointestinal Scope and Tube Placement Procedures in the Veterans Health Association
Authors: Soncrant Christina , Mills Peter D. , Neily Julia , Paull Douglas E. , Hemphill Robin R. 
Published: March 2017

Objective
This study describes reported adverse events related to gastrointestinal (GI) scope and tube placement procedures (between January 2010 and June 2012), in the Veterans Health Administration. Adverse events, including those related to GI procedures resulting in preventable harm, continue to occur.

Methods
This is a descriptive review of root cause analysis reports of GI scope and tube placement procedures from the National Center for Patient Safety database. Adverse event type, procedure, location, severity, and frequency were extracted. Spearman ρ was used to determine associations between types of adverse events and harm levels.

Results
We reviewed 27 cases of reported adverse events related to GI invasive procedures. Of the adverse events for which we could determine location (n = 25), 10 (40%) were in the operating room and 15 (60%) occurred in a nonoperating room. Endoscopies were associated with the least amount of harm. The most frequently reported adverse event types were human factors (22.22%, n = 6) and retained items (18.52%, n = 5). Retained item events were associated with the most harm. The most common root causes were lack of standardization in the process of care and suboptimal communication.

Conclusions
Retained items after invasive procedures and human factors errors were the most common and harmful type of adverse event in this study. Efforts to reduce adverse events during GI invasive procedures include improving situational awareness of the risk of retained items, standardization of care, communication between providers, and inspection of instruments for intactness before and after procedures.
Recombinant expression inE. coliof human FGFR2 with its transmembrane and extracellular domains
Authors: Bajinting Adam , Ng Ho Leung 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTFibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are a family of receptor tyrosine kinases containing three domains: an extracellular receptor domain, a single transmembrane helix, and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. FGFRs are activated by fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) as part of complex signal transduction cascades regulating angiogenesis, skeletal formation, cell differentiation, proliferation, cell survival, and cancer. We have developed the first recombinant expression system inE. colito produce a construct of human FGFR2 containing its transmembrane and extracellular receptor domains. We demonstrate that the expressed construct is functional in binding heparin and dimerizing. Size exclusion chromatography demonstrates that the purified FGFR2 does not form a complex with FGF1 or adopts an inactive dimer conformation. Progress towards the successful recombinant production of intact FGFRs will facilitate further biochemical experiments and structure determination that will provide insight into how extracellular FGF binding activates intracellular kinase activity.
Risk and protective factors for alcohol use among school-going adolescents in Montevideo (Uruguay)
Authors: Fernandez Maria Eugenia , Daset Lilian , Vanderplasschen Wouter , Costa Ball Cesar Daniel , Van Damme Lore , Vindevogel Sofie 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore risk and protective factors for alcohol use among school-going adolescents in Montevideo (Uruguay).

Design/methodology/approach
A self-report survey was administered to 331 school-going adolescents in Montevideo (Uruguay) (Mage=13; SD=0.05), using the alcohol screening instrument of the Uruguayan National Drug Board to assess adolescents’ alcohol use (yes/no), a screening instrument for psychopathology and resilience (the adolescent self-report) and a socio-demographic questionnaire.

Findings
Logistic regression analyses identified antisocial behaviour, substance use and negative emotionality (F2), disruptive and dysregulated behaviour (F8), higher age and recent death of a close relative as risk factors, while the number of close friends was identified as a protective factor for past year alcohol use (yes/no). No straightforward relationship was found between schools and the risk for the past year alcohol use. In addition, age, F2, F8 and recent death of a close relative appeared to be the most robust predictors.

Research limitations/implications
The study was the first in Uruguay to relate adolescents’ alcohol use to risk and protective factors. Given the cross-sectional nature of the study, causal relationships could not be determined.

Originality/value
The study provides preliminary recommendations for policy makers and other stakeholders involved in youth affairs on core elements to focus on school-, community- and family-based alcohol prevention programmes for adolescents.
Prevalence of HIV risk-related drug use and sexual activity among men who have sex with men attending a specialist UK club drug clinic
Authors: Bowden-Jones Owen , Whitelock Claire , Abdulrahim Dima , Hemmings Stacey , Margetts Alexander , Crawford Michael 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine patterns of drug use among a cohort of drug treatment-seeking drug-using gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM), and whether these activities differ between, or predict, HIV status.

Design/methodology/approach
Cross-sectional study was conducted in a specialist club drug clinic in London covering 407 consecutive attendees who identified as MSM. Substance use, including injecting drug use (IDU), associated sexual activity and self-reported HIV status were measured by clinical interview and National Drug Treatment Monitoring System data tool.

Findings
Over a 45-month period, 407 MSM attended the clinic. In total, 62.1 per cent were HIV positive, 48.9 per cent had injected drugs, 14.9 per cent reported needle sharing and 73.3 per cent used drugs to facilitate sex. The most commonly reported problem drugs were GHB/GBL (54.3 per cent) methamphetamine (47.7 per cent) and mephedrone (37.8 per cent). HIV status was associated with methamphetamine, mephedrone, IDU, sharing equipment, using drugs to facilitate sex, older age and older age of drug initiation, as well as Hepatitis C virology (HCV) status. Use of methamphetamine, HCV infection, older age and IDU predicted HIV positive status in a logistic regression model.

Practical implications
The findings describe a constellation of risk factors including high levels of IDU, sharing of equipment and high-risk sexual activity in a population with high rates of HIV positive serology. They also provide further evidence for a link between HIV infection and use of methamphetamine.

Social implications
The authors suggest a need for greater awareness of HIV-related risk activities and promotion of HIV prevention strategies for MSM by both sexual health and drug treatment services.

Originality/value
This paper is amongst the very first studies of its nature.
Idea labs: instituting an innovation discovery process capable of sustaining the business
Authors: Narayanan V.K. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
Sustaining product innovation in an established company – increasingly the key to a company’s economic success, and perhaps its survival – is a challenging task The author describes a and the model often referred to as an “Idea lab” that has emerged as a necessary organizational feature to accomplish this goal.

Design/methodology/approach
The author explains how to manage Idea labs as deliberately established locations, where individuals and teams with new product ideas can work together for concentrated bursts of time, sharpening and focusing their product concept, embedding the voice of the customer in product design and charting alternative progression paths for their ideas to be developed into potentially profitable offerings by units of the business that will nurture them.

Findings
In today’s organizations, the managerial prime directive is fundamentally being redefined as one of addressing the challenge of sustained, profitable innovation that opens new markets or reinvigorates existing ones. Idea labs should be considered a vital process in fostering sustaining innovation.

Practical implications
A critical success factor is the interplay between idea originators, technology specialists and product managers with a keen awareness of customer needs, competitor initiatives and genuine product differentiation.

Originality/value
A comprehensive guide for top managers and innovators, the article details the four key facets of Idea labs: Positioning in the firm’s innovation value chain. Tasks. Processes. Structure.
Folliculosebaceous neoplasms: A review of clinical and histological features
Authors: Ho Jonathan , Bhawan Jag 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNumerous benign and occasionally malignant tumors arise from the folliculosebaceous apparatus. Confusing terminology, rarity of malignant variants and overlapping histological features can lead to diagnostic uncertainty. This review highlights the clinical and histopathological features that help to classify these entities, as well as the various syndromes associated with certain members of this large family of tumors.
Dopaminergic agents in the treatment of bipolar depression: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Szmulewicz A. G. , Angriman F. , Samamé C. , Ferraris A. , Vigo D. , Strejilevich S. A. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo systematically examine the effects of dopaminergic agents (modafinil, armodafinil, pramipexole, methylphenidate, and amphetamines) on bipolar depression outcomes.MethodsMeta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of treatment with dopaminergic agents in bipolar depression. In a secondary analysis, findings from both randomized controlled trials and high‐quality observational studies were pooled by means of meta‐analytic procedures to explore dopaminergic treatment‐related new mania.ResultsNine studies (1716 patients) were included in our meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Treatment with dopaminergic agents for bipolar depression was associated with an increase in both response (1671 individuals, RR 1.25, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.50) and remission rates (1671 individuals, RR 1.40, 95% CI 1.14, 1.71). There was no evidence of an increased risk of mood switch associated with this treatment (1646 individuals, RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.49, 1.89). Our secondary analysis (1231 individuals) yielded a cumulative incidence of mood switch of 3% (95% CI 1.0, 5.0) during a mean follow‐up period of 7.5 months.ConclusionsPreliminary findings suggest that dopaminergic agents may represent a useful alternative for the treatment of bipolar depression, with no evidence for a related increase in the risk of mood destabilization during short‐term follow‐up.
Demography of a genetic sexing strain ofAnastrepha ludens(Diptera:Tephritidae): effects of selection based on mating performance
Authors: Quintero‐Fong Luis , Toledo Jorge , Ruiz‐Montoya Lorena , Rendón Pedro , Orozco‐Dávila Dina , Valle‐Mora Javier , Liedo Pablo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTapachula‐7 is a genetic sexing strain ofAnastrepha ludens(Loew) (Diptera:Tephritidae) developed for the application of thesterileinsecttechnique (SIT). To improve the sexual performance of this strain, a mass‐reared colony was established from males selected for their sexual competitiveness.Males from selected colonies are more sexually competitive than nonselected males. The present study aimed to analyse the demographic changes recorded in the study colony throughout four consecutive generations, comparing this colony with the parental colony and a wild strain.The results obtained showed that, in the selected strain, fecundity increased, whereas survival diminished, compared with the laboratory parental strain. The increases in fecundity rates were observed at the first generation after selection. No changes were observed in the duration of the reproductive period in the selected strain.Compared with wild flies, selected flies had lower life expectancy, earlier and shorter reproductive period, and greater daily fecundity at young ages (10–30 days), although with lower lifetime fecundity rates.The four generations of the selected colony showed similar patterns of survival and reproduction. The better mating performance and the increase in early fecundity suggest that selection could contribute to improve rearing efficiency andSITeffectiveness.
Using coarse‐scale species distribution data to predict extinction risk in plants
Authors: Darrah Sarah E. , Bland Lucie M. , Bachman Steven P. , Clubbe Colin P. , Trias‐Blasi Anna 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimLess than 6% of the worlds described plant species have been assessed on the IUCN Red List, leaving many species invisible to conservation prioritization. Large‐scale Red List assessment of plant species is a challenge, as most species’ ranges have only been resolved to a coarse scale. As geographic distribution is a key assessment criterion on the IUCN Red List, we evaluate the use of coarse‐scale distribution data in predictive models to assess the global scale and drivers of extinction risk in an economically important plant group, the bulbous monocotyledons.LocationGlobal.MethodsUsing coarse‐scale species distribution data, we train a machine learning model on biological and environmental variables for 148 species assessed on the IUCN Red List in order to identify correlates of extinction risk. We predict the extinction risk of 6439 ‘bulbous monocot’ species with the best of 13 models and map our predictions to identify potential hotspots of threat.ResultsOur model achieved 91% classification accuracy, with 88% of threatened species and 93% of non‐threatened species accurately predicted. The model predicted 35% of bulbous monocots presently ‘Not Evaluated’ under IUCN criteria to be threatened and human impacts were a key correlate of threat. Spatial analysis identified some hotspots of threat where no bulbous monocots are yet on the IUCN Red List, for example central Chile.Main conclusionsThis is the first time a machine learning model has been used to determine extinction risk at a global scale in a species‐rich plant group. As coarse‐scale distribution data exist for many plant groups, our methods can be replicated to provide extinction risk predictions across the plant kingdom. Our approach can be used as a low‐cost prioritization tool for targeting field‐based assessments.
Parasitoids follow herbivorous insects to a novel host plant, generalist predators less so
Authors: Grosman Amir H. , Holtz Anderson Mathias , Pallini Angelo , Sabelis Maurice W. , Janssen Arne 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe ‘enemy‐free space’ hypothesis predicts that herbivorous insects can escape their natural enemies by switching to a novel host plant, with consequences for the evolution of host plant specialisation. However, if natural enemies follow herbivores to their novel host plants, enemy‐free space may only be temporary. We tested this by studying the colonisation of the introduced tree Eucalyptus grandis (Hill) Maiden (Myrtaceae) by insects in Brazil, where various species of herbivores have added eucalyptus to their host plant range, which consists of native myrtaceous species such as guava. Some herbivores, for example, Thyrinteina leucoceraea Ringe (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), cause outbreaks in eucalyptus plantations but not on guava, possibly because eucalyptus offers enemy‐free space. We sampled herbivores (mainly Lepidoptera species) and natural enemies on eucalyptus and guava and assessed parasitism of Lepidoptera larvae on both host plant species during ca. 2 years. Overall, predators were encountered more frequently on guava than on eucalyptus. In contrast, parasitoids were encountered equally and parasitism rates of Lepidoptera larvae were similar on both host plants. This indicates that herbivores may escape some enemies by moving to a novel host plant. However, this escape may be temporary and may vary with time. We argue that studying temporal and spatial patterns of enemy‐free space and the response of natural enemies to host use changes of their herbivorous prey is essential for understanding the role of natural enemies in the evolution of host plant use by herbivorous arthropods.
Effect of degree of crystallographic texture on ferro‐ and piezoelectric properties of Ba0.85Ca0.15TiO3 piezoceramics
Authors: Schultheiß Jan , Clemens Oliver , Zhukov Sergey , von Seggern Heinz , Sakamoto Wataru , Koruza Jurij 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCrystallographic texturing is a promising approach to reduce the performance gap between randomly oriented polycrystalline piezoelectrics and perfectly oriented single crystals. Here, the influence of the degree of crystallographic texture on the electromechanical properties and their temperature stability of the lead‐free perovskite ferroelectric Ba0.85Ca0.15TiO3 is investigated. Samples with a broad range of (100),(001) crystallographic texture (Lotgering factor 26%‐83%) were prepared by the reactive templated grain growth method. Crystallographic and microstructural analysis have been carried out using X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, while the temperature‐dependent electromechanical properties were characterized by dielectric, piezoelectric, polarization, and strain measurements. It was revealed that the total bipolar strain and the coercive field are linearly dependent on the Lotgering factor. The total bipolar strain increased by 80%, whereas the coercive field decreased by 18% due to crystallographic texturing. Likewise, the temperature stability of the electromechanical properties of the samples was found to be dependent on the degree of texture. A sample with a high degree of texture exhibited a Curie temperature of 117°C, which is 21% higher compared to a counterpart with a low degree of texture. This was related to chemical inhomogeneity and a modified internal mechanical stress state.