bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective, observational cohort study comparing cancer clinical trial availability and enrollment between early adolescents/young adults and children
Authors: Thomas Stefanie M. , Malvar Jemily , Tran Henry , Shows Jared , Freyer David R. 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDPoor enrollment of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) (ages 15‐39 years) onto cancer clinical trials (CCTs) may contribute to inferior survival gains compared with children. In this study, the authors assessed whether differences in CCT availability would explain lower CCT enrollment for early AYAs (eAYAs) (ages 15‐21 years).METHODSThis prospective, observational cohort study was conducted at a single academic children's hospital. For consecutive patients who were newly diagnosed with cancer over a 13‐month period, it was determined whether an appropriate CCT existed nationally or was available locally and whether enrollment on that CCT occurred. The proportions of eAYAs versus children in each category were compared using the chi‐square test. The impact of age and other factors on enrollment status was assessed using logistic regression analysis.RESULTSAmong 216 patients, 58 were eAYAs, and 158 were children. There was no difference in the proportion of eAYAs versus children who had an existing CCT (28 of 58 eAYAs [48.3%] vs 85 of 158 children [53.8%]; P = .47) or an available CCT (23 of 58 eAYAs [39.7%] vs 75 of 158 children [47.5%]; P = .31). However, significantly fewer eAYAs were enrolled when a CCT was available (7 of 23 eAYAs [30.4%] vs 50 of 75 children [67.7%]; P = .002). In multivariable analysis, eAYAs were significantly less likely than children to be enrolled in an available CCT (adjusted odds ratio, 0.22; 95% confidence interval, 0.08‐0.62).CONCLUSIONSEqual proportions of children and eAYAs had CCTs available, but significantly fewer eAYAs were enrolled. These findings suggest that, for eAYAs, factors other than CCT availability are important enrollment barriers and should be addressed. Cancer 2018;124:983‐90. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Decision‐making under risk of gain in young children and mangabey monkeys
Authors: Rivière James , Stomp Mathilde , Augustin Elisa , Lemasson Alban , Blois‐Heulin Catherine 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn contrast to human adults, risk proneness in the gain domain is usually observed in both young children and non‐human primates. It is currently unclear what mechanism might be underlying such economic preferences. We investigated decision‐making under risk of gain in toddlers and monkeys. The choices of 2.5‐year‐old children and red‐capped mangabeys (Cercocebus torquatus torquatus) were examined in a gambling task for food reward in which participants have to choose between two options, a secure option and a risky option. In contrast to monkeys, toddlers showed a strong preference for the risky option over the safe option. In order to test the hypothesis that risky choices in participants reflect inhibitory control difficulties, toddlers and mangabeys were presented in Experiment 2 with a situation analogous to that used in Experiment 1 except for the fact that the opaque cover under which was placed the secure option was replaced by a transparent cover. In this second experiment, toddlers continued to show a preference for the risky option over the safe option. In contrast, mangabeys showed a preference for the safe option over the risky option in Trial 1 but they shifted their economic preferences in Trial 2. We argue that decision‐making strategies under risk of gain in both toddlers and mangabeys (a) do not reflect poor behavioral control and (b) are not reducible to perception‐action couplings.
The Role of Morphological and Phonological Awareness in the Early Development of Word Spelling and Reading in Typically Developing and Disabled Arabic Readers
Authors: Saiegh‐Haddad Elinor , Taha Haitham 
Published: November 2017

The study is a cross‐sectional developmental investigation of morphological and phonological awareness in word spelling and reading in Arabic in reading‐accuracy disabled (RD) children and in age‐matched typically developing (TR) controls in grades 1–4 (N = 160). Morphological awareness tasks targeted the root and word pattern derivational system of Arabic, in both the oral and the written modalities. Phonological awareness employed a variety of orally administered segmentation and deletion tasks. The results demonstrated early deficits in morphological awareness, besides deficits in phonological awareness, in RD children as compared with typically developing controls, as well as in word and pseudoword spelling and reading (voweled and unvoweled). While phonological awareness emerged as the strongest predictor of reading, morphological awareness was also found to predict unique variance in reading, and even more so in spelling, beyond phonological awareness and cognitive skills. The results demonstrate the early emergence of morphological awareness deficits, alongside phonological deficits in Arabic RD, as well as the role of morphological processing in early reading and spelling. These findings reflect the centrality of derivational morphology in the structure of the spoken and the written Arabic word. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceptions of general and postpresidential election discrimination are associated with loss of control eating among racially/ethnically diverse young men
Authors: Kelly Nichole R. , Smith Tasia M. , Hall Gordon C. N. , Guidinger Claire , Williamson Gina , Budd Elizabeth L. , Giuliani Nicole R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the association between young men's perceived experiences with discrimination, both general and following the 2016 presidential election, and their loss of control (LOC) eating. The degree to which men identified with their ethnic identity was evaluated as a moderator.MethodThe sample included 798 men (18–30 years; M = 24.0 ± 3.6) who identified as African American (n = 261), Asian/Asian American (n = 266), or Hispanic/Latino (n = 271). Participants completed an online survey of items assessing demographic characteristics; perceived discrimination; perceptions of race‐related discrimination following the 2016 U.S. presidential election; ethnic identity; and LOC eating.ResultsAfter adjusting for income, education, generational status and body mass index, perceived discrimination was positively associated with LOC eating frequency in African American and Hispanic/Latino men (ps < .01). Ethnic identity was inversely associated with LOC eating frequency in Hispanic/Latino men (p < .001). In Asian/Asian American men, perceived discrimination was only associated with more LOC eating among those with a low ethnic identity (p < .001). Higher levels of perceived discrimination following the presidential election were uniquely associated with more frequent LOC eating (p < .01) only among Asian/Asian American men who were not born in the United States or whose parents were not born in the United States.DiscussionLOC eating may partially explain known associations between discrimination and heightened risk for obesity and chronic diseases among African American and Hispanic/Latino men. Asian/Asian American men's LOC eating may be linked to postpresidential election and general experiences with racial discrimination, particularly if they report a low sense of belonging to their ethnic group.
An Earbud‐Based Photoplethysmography and its Application
Authors: TOMITA YOHEI , MITSUKURA YASUE 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYThis paper presents an earbud‐based photoplethysmography (PPG) and its application. This PPG recording system permits long‐term continuous monitoring of cardiovascular function since it can be worn comfortably on ears. Experimental investigations showed that stress and drowsiness could be estimated by analyzing measured PPG signals. Furthermore, noise suppression techniques for motion noises and ambient light interferences are introduced to make a recorded signal more acceptable.
The role of IL‐23 receptor signaling in inflammation‐mediated erosive autoimmune arthritis and bone remodeling
Authors: Razawy Wida , van Driel Marjolein , Lubberts Erik 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe IL‐23/Th17 axis has been implicated in the development of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). RA and PsA are heterogeneous diseases with substantial burden on patients. Increasing evidence suggests that the IL‐23 signaling pathway may be involved in the development of autoimmunity and erosive joint damage. IL‐23 can act either directly or indirectly on bone forming osteoblasts as well as on bone resorbing osteoclasts. As IL‐23 regulates the activity of cells of the bone, it is conceivable that in addition to inflammation‐mediated joint erosion, IL‐23 may play a role in physiological bone remodeling. In this review, we focus on the role of IL‐23 in autoimmune arthritis in patients and murine models, and provide an overview of IL‐23 producing and responding cells in autoimmune arthritic joints. In addition, we discuss the role of IL‐23 on bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts regarding inflammation‐mediated joint damage and bone remodeling. At last, we briefly discuss the clinical implications of targeting this pathway for joint damage and systemic bone loss in autoimmune arthritis.
A novel sea communication topology and IP routing algorithm by using LTE and WMN in NS‐3
Authors: Kasim Rashad , Ozdemir Mehmet Kemal 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes a new heterogeneous network topology and a routing algorithm for a marine communication system involving ships and other marine vessels from a terrestrial point on the shore. Topology involves the use of a collection of Long‐Term Evolution (LTE) systems and Wi‐Fi mesh networks. There are multiple clusters/ships in the network, with an LTE system centered around each cluster. Communication between the clusters happens through LTE, and within the cluster mesh, networking is employed. Every end user in the ship has access to the server application by means of mesh networking from the respective access point in the cluster/ship. The routing algorithm is designed based on the best signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise‐ratio path and minimum delay combination, which selects the best modulation scheme and hence the best data rate. The algorithm employs a new parameter that is derived from signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio. The topology along with the algorithm provides a connection with a maximum coverage distance of 180 km and minimum data rate around 0.6 Mbps with 2 interconnection clusters. The presence of more interconnection clusters makes the coverage distance, data rate, and reliability greatly improved. Open source network tool Network Simulator 3 is used for the topology design, algorithm implementation, and simulations. The proposed topology and algorithm when implemented can be used to provide long‐distance sea communication with improved reliability and higher data rate.
The influence of pulsed electric fields and microwave pretreatments on some selected physicochemical properties of oil extracted from black cumin seed
Authors: Bakhshabadi Hamid , Mirzaei HabibOllah , Ghodsvali Alireza , Jafari Seid Mahdi , Ziaiifar Aman Mohammad 
Published: November 2017

AbstractApplication of novel technologies such as microwave and pulsed electric fields (PEF) might increase the speed and efficiency of oil extraction. In the present research, PEF (3.25 kV/cm electric field intensity and 30 pulse number) and microwave (540 W for 180 s) pretreatments were used to study the process of oil extraction from black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds. After applying the selected pretreatments, the oil of seeds was extracted with the use of a screw press and the extraction efficiency, refractive index, oil density, color index, oxidative stability, and chemical components of oil and protein of meal were evaluated. The achieved results expressed that PEF and microwave pretreatments increased the oil extraction efficiency and its oxidative stability. Different pretreatments didn't have any significant influence on the refractive index of black cumin seed oil (p>.05). When microwave and PEF were used, the oil density showed an enhancement as the following: 1.51% and 0.96%, respectively in comparison with the samples with no pretreatments. Evaluation of the extracted oils, using GC/MS analysis indicated that thymoquinone was the dominant phenolic component in the black cumin oil. Finally, the SEM analysis revealed that microwave and PEF can be useful in the extraction of oil from black cumin seeds since these treatments damaged cell walls and facilitated the oil extraction process.
Neuregulin‐1 promotes remyelination and fosters a pro‐regenerative inflammatory response in focal demyelinating lesions of the spinal cord
Authors: Kataria Hardeep , Alizadeh Arsalan , Shahriary Ghazaleh M. , Saboktakin Rizi Shekoofeh , Henrie Ryan , Santhosh Kallivalappil T. , Thliveris James A. , Karimi‐Abdolrezaee Soheila 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOligodendroglial cell death and demyelination are hallmarks of neurotrauma and multiple sclerosis that cause axonal damage and functional impairments. Remyelination remains a challenge as the ability of endogenous precursor cells for oligodendrocyte replacement is hindered in the unfavorable milieu of demyelinating conditions. Here, in a rat model of lysolecithin lysophosphatidyl‐choline (LPC)‐induced focal demyelination, we report that Neuregulin‐1 (Nrg‐1), an important factor for oligodendrocytes and myelination, is dysregulated in demyelinating lesions and its bio‐availability can promote oligodendrogenesis and remyelination. We delivered recombinant human Nrg‐1β1 (rhNrg‐1β1) intraspinally in the vicinity of LPC demyelinating lesion in a sustained manner using poly lactic‐co‐glycolic acid microcarriers. Availability of Nrg‐1 promoted generation and maturation of new oligodendrocytes, and accelerated endogenous remyelination by both oligodendrocyte and Schwann cell populations in demyelinating foci. Importantly, Nrg‐1 enhanced myelin thickness in newly remyelinated spinal cord axons. Our complementary in vitro studies also provided direct evidence that Nrg‐1 significantly promotes maturation of new oligodendrocytes and facilitates their transition to a myelinating phenotype. Nrg‐1 therapy remarkably attenuated the upregulated expression chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) specific glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix of demyelinating foci and promoted interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) production by immune cells. CSPGs and IL‐10 are known to negatively and positively regulate remyelination, respectively. We found that Nrg‐1 effects are mediated through ErbB2 and ErbB4 receptor activation. Our work provides novel evidence that dysregulated levels of Nrg‐1 in demyelinating lesions of the spinal cord pose a challenge to endogenous remyelination, and appear to be an underlying cause of myelin thinning in newly remyelinated axons.
Altered frontal interhemispheric and fronto‐limbic structural connectivity in unmedicated adults with obsessive‐compulsive disorder
Authors: He Xiaofu , Steinberg Emily , Stefan Mihaela , Fontaine Martine , Simpson H. Blair , Marsh Rachel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrevious diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) have primarily used voxel‐ or tract‐based methods to assess white matter microstructure in medicated patients. This is the first probabilistic tractography study to assess the structural connectivity of all major white matter tracts in unmedicated adults with OCD without comorbid psychopathology. We hypothesized that OCD compared to healthy participants would show reduced integrity in frontal interhemispheric and fronto‐limbic tracts.MethodsDTI data from 29 unmedicated adults with OCD were compared to that of 27 matched healthy control (HC) participants. TRACULA was used to assess probabilistic tractography and compare groups in the average fractional anisotropy (FA) of 8 bilateral tracts plus forceps minor and major, and explore group differences in axial (AD), radial (RD), and mean (MD) diffusivities in tracts where FA differed across groups.ResultsSignificantly less FA was detected in OCD compared to HC participants in forceps minor, interhemispheric fibers of the frontal cortex, and right uncinate fasciculus (UNC), association fibers connecting frontal and limbic regions (p's < .05). FA in forceps minor was inversely associated with symptom severity in the OCD participants. Exploratory analyses revealed less AD in right UNC was inversely associated with OCD symptoms.ConclusionsStructural connectivity of frontal interhemispheric and fronto‐limbic circuits may be altered in unmedicated adults with OCD, especially those with the most severe symptoms. These findings suggest a microstructural basis for the abnormal function and reduced resting‐state connectivity of frontal regions and fronto‐limbic circuits in OCD.
Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of cyclic fluorodiamines containing boronate esters
Authors: Zhu Diya , Hunter Carmanah D. , Baird Samuel R. , Davis Bradley R. , Bos Allyson , Geier Stephen J. , Vogels Christopher M. , Decken Andreas , Gray Christopher A. , Westcott Stephen A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEight new aminoboron compounds derived from primary diamines and the pinacol‐protected product of 3‐fluoro‐2‐formylphenylboronic acid have been prepared and characterized fully. Reactions proceed to give the corresponding cyclic products arising via initial aldimine formation followed by a secondary hydroamination step. One compound contains a pendant amine group which was used to make a novel boron‐containing Schiff base ligand along with the corresponding zinc(II) metal complex. All compounds were tested for their initial antimicrobial activities against a number of fungi and bacteria.
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor‐gamma stimulation for prevention of 5‐fluorouracil‐induced oral mucositis in mice
Authors: Sottili Mariangela , Mangoni Monica , Gerini Chiara , Salvatore Giulia , Castiglione Francesca , Desideri Isacco , Bonomo Pierluigi , Meattini Icro , Greto Daniela , Loi Mauro , Francolini Giulio , Perna Marco , Grassi Roberta , Biti Giampaolo , Livi Lorenzo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundOral mucositis is a side effect of treatment regimens containing 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). The purpose of this study was to present our evaluation to see if rosiglitazone (RGZ) protected normal tissues from chemotherapy‐induced oral mucositis.MethodsC57BL/6J mice were treated with 5‐FU for 5 days, with or without RGZ. Mice were euthanized after 5, 8, 11, or 15 days, and mucosal segments were collected.ResultsThe RGZ did not affect the 5‐FU‐induced decrease in mouse body weight. The 5‐FU caused loss of epithelial architecture, collagen fiber impairment, and inflammatory infiltration. The RGZ reduced leukocyte infiltration, preserved tissue structure, and dampened the 5‐FU‐induced expression of p53 and matrix metalloproteinase (Mmp)‐2 after 5 days, and of Mmp‐2 and interleukin (Il‐1β after 15 days. The RGZ inhibited the 5‐FU‐induced increase of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) and nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) proteins and restored collagen protein levels.ConclusionThe RGZ had a protective effect on oral mucosa damaged by chemotherapy. These data encourage the further study of RGZ for the prevention of 5‐FU‐induced mucositis in patients with cancer.
Hippocampal CA1 activity correlated with the distance to the goal and navigation performance
Authors: Spiers Hugo J. , Olafsdottir H. Freyja , Lever Colin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCoding the distance to a future goal is an important function of a neural system supporting navigation. While some evidence indicates the hippocampus increases activity with proximity to the goal, others have found activity to decrease with proximity. To explore goal distance coding in the hippocampus we recorded from CA1 hippocampal place cells in rats as they navigated to learned goals in an event arena with a win‐stay lose‐shift rule. CA1 activity was positively correlated with the distance ‐ decreasing with proximity to the goal. The stronger the correlation between distance to the goal and CA1 activity, the more successful navigation was in a given task session. Acceleration, but not speed, was also correlated with the distance to the goal. However, the relationship between CA1 activity and navigation performance was independent of variation in acceleration and variation in speed. These results help clarify the situations in which CA1 activity encodes navigationally relevant information and the extent to which it relates to behavior.
Iron Dihydride Complexes: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Dai Huiguang , Guan Hairong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIron dihydride complexes often play important roles in catalytic reactions that employ reducing agents such as H2, boranes, and silanes. Development of more efficient and selective iron‐based catalysts for these processes requires effective synthetic strategies and a deeper understanding of the reactivity of the dihydride complexes. The purpose of this review is to provide the readers with an overview of different ligand systems that have been used to support iron dihydride complexes.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Iron Silyl Hydride Complexes
Authors: Quintero‐Duque Samuel , Li Haoquan , Misal Castro Luis C. , Dorcet Vincent , Roisnel Thierry , Clot Eric , Grellier Mary , Sortais Jean‐Baptiste , Darcel Christophe 
Published: November 2017

AbstractReaction of N‐heterocyclic carbene iron(0) tetracarbonyl complexes with hydrosilanes (triphenylsilane, methyldiphenylsilane and diphenylsilane) under UV irradiation (350 nm) afforded the octahedral N‐heterocyclic carbene iron(II) silyl hydride complexes in yields up to 95 %, resulting from the oxidative addition of the hydrosilane. Eight iron silyl hydrides were obtained and characterized by NMR and X‐ray diffraction analysis. Noticeably, the geometry of the iron‐hydride complexes and the bent structures of the carbonyl ligands were rationalized by DFT calculations.
A machine learning approach for brain image enhancement and segmentation
Authors: Fenshia Singh J. , Magudeeswaran V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn brain MRI analysis, image segmentation is commonly used for measuring and visualizing the brain's anatomical structures, for surgical planning, etc. However, due to presence of noise and uncertainty between different tissues in the brain image, the segmentation of brain is a challenging task. This problem is rectified in this article using two stages. In the first stage an enhancement technique called contrast limited fuzzy adaptive histogram equalization (CLFAHE) which is a combination of CLAHE and fuzzy enhancement is used to improve the contrast of MRI Brain images. Contrast of the image is controlled using contrast intensification operator (Clip limit). The second stage deals with the segmentation of enhanced image. The enhanced brain images are segmented using new level‐set method which has the property of both local and global segmentation. Signed pressure force (SPF) function is also used here which stops the contours at weak and blurred edged efficiently.