bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-cultural adjustment and expatriation motives among Indian expatriates
Authors: Vijayakumar Pooja B. , Cunningham Christopher J. L. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
Globalization has led to individuals working and living outside their native country. The purpose of this paper is to examine relationship between motives for expatriation and cross-cultural adjustment in Indian expatriates working in the US information technology (IT) industry. Additionally, the moderating effects of self-initiated expatriates (SIE) and organizational expatriates (OE) on the relationship between motives for expatriation and cross-cultural adjustment were studied. Also, existing measures in this area of research were analyzed to improve validity and utility for future studies. Participants responded to questions via an internet survey.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered from 336 Indian IT professionals working in America. The authors evaluated the psychometric quality of reasons for expatriation and cross-cultural adjustment measures by considering various fit statistics, modification indices and rational judgment based on item content. The authors used a maximum likelihood extraction method with an oblique rotation (Geomin) for these factor analyses, given the theoretically and empirically supported relationship between the subdimensions of both measures. Using these purified measures, a hierarchical regression analyses procedure was used to test the hypothesized relationships. A computational tool called PROCESS was used to test the hypothesized moderating effect of expatriate type on the relationship between motives for expatriation and cross-cultural adjustment.

Findings
Preliminary factor analytic work suggested modifications to the reasons for expatriation measure used to quantify participants’ motives for expatriation. Using this revised measure, those with stronger financial (mercenary) motives for expatriation also reported less positive cultural adjustment, while those with stronger exploratory motives for expatriation reported more positive cultural adjustment. Some evidence was also observed for a weak, but notable moderating effect of expatriate type (SIE vs OE) on the relationship between expatriation motives and cultural adjustment.

Originality/value
This study presents a revised measure of expatriation motives, as well as expanded theoretical and empirical evidence base to help future researchers working with expatriates. The findings may be also helpful to organizations and consultants who work to prepare expatriates for their assignments, especially when these expatriates are Indian professionals preparing to work in the USA.
Betting market prices, outcome uncertainty, and hockey attendance in Russia, Sweden, and Finland
Authors: Paul Rodney , Conetta Colby , Losak Jeremy 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to use financial market prices formed in betting markets as a measure of uncertainty of outcome and other factors as it relates to hockey attendance in three top European leagues, the KHL, SHL, and Liiga. This is the first study of European hockey to use betting market odds to estimate the impact of home team win probability and uncertainty of outcome on attendance.Design/methodology/approachThe design of this study is a multivariate regression model with log of attendance and percentage of arena capacity as dependent variables in two separate regressions. Controlling for other factors, the role of the home team win probability and its square are explored for individual game attendance.FindingsFans of the KHL and SHL are found to prefer to see their home team win, but also exhibit strong preferences for uncertainty of outcome. Fans of Liiga prefer to see the home team win, but do not exhibit as strong a preference for uncertainty of outcome. This differs from recent findings in the sport of baseball and from previous findings for the NHL.Practical implicationsHaving a competitive league is not only important for television ratings, but also for in-person attendance in these European hockey leagues. Importance of uncertainty of outcome varies across leagues.Originality/valueThe paper uses financial market prices, betting market odds, as a measure of game expectations (home team win probability) and uncertainty of outcome and applies it to a new setting for three of the top European hockey leagues. The findings illustrate that uncertainty of outcome is important for the KHL and SHL, but statistically insignificant for Liiga.
Dynamic pricing usage in sports for revenue management
Authors: Bouchet Adrien , Troilo Michael , Walkup Brian R. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which dynamic pricing is utilized in North American professional sports. While industries such as airlines and travel services have employed dynamic pricing for decades, professional sports is only now starting to adopt it.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors survey and interview high ranking executives and managers in North American sports organizations. A total of 72 managers and executives from the four major North American professional sports leagues as well as other sport properties were surveyed. Descriptive statistics and a basic regression provide insight into perceptions v. actual practice among sports organizations.

Findings
While most sports organizations perceive high usage of dynamic pricing within their organization, current procedures lag. Nearly 70 percent of respondents believe that their organizations frequently or always apply business analytics to dynamic pricing, but only 30 percent update their prices daily. Fully 50 percent of organizations do not automate decision-making processes, which is a hallmark of dynamic pricing. The perception of constant use of analytics in dynamic pricing intensifies as job title increases.

Originality/value
As one of the initial surveys looking at the usage of dynamic pricing in North American professional sports, this study provides a glimpse into both the perception and the reality. It suggests that there is still ample room for improvement.
The 2011-2021 NBA collective bargaining agreement
Authors: R. Sadler Thomas , Sanders Shane 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the 2011 National Basketball Association (NBA) lockout and collective bargaining agreement (CBA).

Design/methodology/approach
Using a bargaining game model, the authors show that asymmetric information via owner revenue shifting and financial non-disclosure caused the conflict between owners and players (growth of player salaries) to result in a lockout.

Findings
The bargaining game also demonstrates the lockout to be a rational response to asymmetric information: by restricting the growth of player salaries, owners improved their competitive position. Other factors motivating the lockout include the indirect benefit to the median owner of repressing player salaries (i.e. greater expected competitive balance) and a principal agency problem within the players’ union. The lockout concluded with a ten-year CBA, a mutual opt-out in 2017, and revenue sharing between 49 and 51 percent of basketball-related income. The league salvaged a shortened 2011-2012 season, but created an economic framework more favorable to owners.

Originality/value
This paper is novel in its analysis of the bargaining aspects of the current NBA collective bargaining agreement.
Brand architecture shift and corporate brand equity: an exploratory study
Authors: Gabrielli Veronica , Baghi Ilaria 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of a shift in brand architecture strategy on corporate brand equity. The change is from a house of brands to a branded house approach in which the corporate brand is prominent. The study proposes two alternative approaches in order to explore how consumers build the corporate brand equity from single product brand equities in the portfolio: the dilution process or the bookkeeping/subtyping cognitive process.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected through a questionnaire administered to 150 Italian consumers. All the items were related to a real corporate brand – Procter & Gamble (P&G) – and to seven of the product brands in its portfolio. The choice of the Italian context and the P&G brand was motivated by the fact that P&G has recently adopted a shift in its brand strategy, starting to give prominence to the corporate brand in its communication campaign in Italy.

Findings
The dilution process does not describe the effect of a change in strategy on corporate brand equity, but the bookkeeping/subtyping cognitive process does. This suggests that consumers tend not to revise corporate brand equity when they perceive many product brands behind it.

Originality/value
The value of the present paper is to deal with a relevant and current topic: the brand architecture dynamism. This research is an exploratory step to satisfy the need for theory-based research on consumer responses to the shift in the brand portfolio architecture strategy.
Differences between stayers, switchers, and heavy switchers
Authors: Moreira Antonio Carrizo , Silva Pedro Miguel , Moutinho Victor F. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify and compare different groups of customers’ perceptions (i.e. stayers, switchers, and heavy switchers) of several loyalty antecedents such as satisfaction, trust, service quality, switching costs, marketing communication, and loyalty itself.

Design/methodology/approach
This study was carried out based on data collected through a questionnaire from 353 telecommunication services users in Portugal and using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and analysis of variance.

Findings
The three types of customers – stayers, switchers, and heavy switchers – clearly differ among themselves. Stayers differ from switchers regarding their communication efforts perceptions, and from heavy switchers in their loyalty, satisfaction, and trust levels. Switchers differ from heavy switchers in their loyalty levels.

Research limitations/implications
Future research should examine differences between customers taking into account the impact of their personality, price sensitiveness, and orientation toward the adoption of new technologies.

Practical implications
As there are several differences among stayers, switchers, and heavy switchers, companies should not only recognize the heterogeneity of their customer base, but also target their marketing efforts accordingly.

Originality/value
This study is one of the few identifying groups of customers perception’s toward service providers. It also complements previous research by splitting them intro three different groups and by analyzing their behaviors across a set of previously unexamined marketing variables.
Consumer preferences and policy implications for the green car market
Authors: Chowdhury Mahzabin , Salam Khan , Tay Richard 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand consumer preferences for green vehicles with low fuel consumption and emission. It will examine six important vehicle attributes, including fuel efficiency and CO2emissions, and determine the impacts of increasing demand for green attributes on the domestic car industry in Sweden.Design/methodology/approachResponses to an adaptive choice-based conjoint experiment from a sample of 100 residents in Northern Sweden were analyzed using monotone regression and market simulation.FindingsThe authors found that consumer preferences were sensitive to changes in fuel efficiency and emission levels. However, engine power was the most important attribute for existing owners whereas price was the most important one for potential customers, while both market segments valued emission more than fuel efficiency. Also, the domestic producer will benefit from both an increase in market size and market share if all new vehicles have higher fuel efficiency but its market share will decrease if all new vehicles have lower CO2emissions.Social implicationsAlthough promoting green vehicle purchase is beneficial for the environment, policy makers also need to balance this benefit against any potential adverse effect on the domestic industry and the economy. This study will provide evidence-based recommendations to increase the share of green cars in new vehicle purchase, and thus contribute to improving the environment. Moreover, it will also predict the changes in the market shares of different vehicles, and the potential impact on the domestic automobile manufacturing sector and the economy.Originality/valueThis study will contribute significantly to the understanding of consumer preferences by exploring the preferences of a sample of consumers from a country with a well-established alternative fuel and green car market but has adverse weather and driving conditions and a domestic automobile manufacturing industry. It will also examine the differences in preference between existing owners and potential green car buyers. Finally, it will simulate the effects of changing fuel efficiency and emission levels on consumer utility and preference shares to predict changes in market share of different vehicles, and thus the potential impact on the domestic automobile manufacturing sector and the economy.
Message involvement and attitude towards green advertisements
Authors: Fernando Angeline Gautami , Sivakumaran Bharadhwaj , Suganthi L. 
Published: September 2016

PurposePrevious green research shows conflicting results regarding the relationship between environmental concern and persuasion. It has also largely overlooked the role of situational involvement. The purpose of this paper is to aim to show that message involvement influences attitude towards green advertisements.Design/methodology/approachTo test the proposed model, an experimental study based on a sample of young adults in an emerging economy was used to investigate if situational involvement can produce favourable attitudes towards green advertisements.FindingsUsing PLS, it was found that fear and response efficacy increased message involvement which in turn was a significant predictor of attitude towards the advertisement. The findings show that advertisers can use these variables to increase message involvement.Originality/valueThis research extends previous studies on message involvement and expands current knowledge by showing that situational involvement predicts attitude towards green advertising.
Strategic performance through inter-firm networks
Authors: Yousaf Zahid , Majid Abdul 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine and develop a strategic performance model for small and medium enterprises linking with inter-firm networks, strategic alignment and environmental dynamism.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the live experiences of 757 respondents, including managing directors/owners and CEOs of different SMEs, the authors proposed a theoretical model representing how firms could attain strategic performance through inter-firm networks with a mediating role of strategic alignment.FindingsThe current study demonstrated that SMEs with strong inter-firm networks have the ability to align business activities with strategies and get earlier strategic performance. Strategic performance looks skeptical to ever gain acceptance until strategic alignment is adopted by small and medium enterprises. The findings of this study indicated that environmental dynamism strengthens the relationship between strategic alignment and strategic performance.Originality/valueThis research extended the understanding about the inter-firm networks, strategic alignment and environmental dynamism surrounding strategic performance. This study identified and empirically tested how the inter-firm networks impact on strategic performance through the mediating effect of strategic alignment.
Monarchs in decline: a collateral landscape‐level effect of modern agriculture
Authors: Stenoien Carl , Nail Kelly R. , Zalucki Jacinta M. , Parry Hazel , Oberhauser Karen S. , Zalucki Myron P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe review the postulated threatening processes that may have affected the decline in the eastern population of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), in North America. Although there are likely multiple contributing factors, such as climate and resource‐related effects on breeding, migrating, and overwintering populations, the key landscape‐level change appears to be associated with the widespread use of genetically modified herbicide resistant crops that have rapidly come to dominate the extensive core summer breeding range. We dismiss misinterpretations of the apparent lack of population change in summer adult count data as logically flawed. Glyphosate‐tolerant soybean and maize have enabled the extensive use of this herbicide, generating widespread losses of milkweed (Asclepias spp.), the only host plants for monarch larvae. Modeling studies that simulate lifetime realized fecundity at a landscape scale, direct counts of milkweeds, and extensive citizen science data across the breeding range suggest that a herbicide‐induced, landscape‐level reduction in milkweed has precipitated the decline in monarchs. A recovery will likely require a monumental effort for the re‐establishment of milkweed resources at a commensurate landscape scale.
Standard‐dose versus low‐dose azathioprine in the treatment of Crohn's disease: A prospective randomized study
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xia Jing Jing , Xiao Peng , Zhao Yuan , Ye Ling Na , Li Xiao Lin , Lin Zi Wen , Xu Zhen Jie , Huang Yi Biao , Wang Meng Yu , Qian Jia Ming , Hu Pin Jin , Cao Qian 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveAzathioprine (AZA) is widely used to treat Crohn's disease (CD) with a recommended dose of 2–2.5 mg/kg per day for Westerners. Asian patients are suggested to take a lower dose. However, many clinicians reported poor efficacy with a reduced dose. This study aimed to explore a efficient and safe dose of AZA providing the best efficacy for Chinese CD patients.MethodsFifty patients with active CD were enrolled and randomized into two groups (n = 25 each). All other treatments were the same except that group A received 1 mg/kg per day and group B took 2 mg/kg per day of AZA. Complete remission (CR) rate and response rate at weeks 12, 24 and 48 were assessed by using intent‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses. Adverse events and recurrence rate were also evaluated.ResultsAt week 48, CR rate and response rate in group B (ITT: 50.0% and 59.1%; PP: 57.9% and 68.4%) were significantly higher than those in group A (ITT: 13.0% and 17.4%; PP: 16.7% and 22.2%) (P < 0.05). Nine adverse events occurred, including pancreatitis (n = 1), arthritis (n = 2) and myelosuppression (n = 6). There was no significant difference in adverse events between the two groups. However, recurrence rate was significantly higher in group A than in group B (P = 0.042).ConclusionAZA 2 mg/kg per day is more appropriate than 1 mg/kg per day for Chinese CD patients with a high efficacy, a low recurrence rate and not increased adverse events.
Cardiac Orienting Responses Differentiate the Impact of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Ukrainian Toddlers
Authors: Kable Julie A. , Coles Claire D. , Jones Kenneth L. , Yevtushok Lyubov , Kulikovsky Yaroslav , Wertelecki Wladimir , Chambers Christina D. ,   the CIFASD
Published: September 2016

BackgroundPrenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has been found to impact neurophysiological encoding of environmental events negatively in the first year of life but has not been evaluated in older infants or toddlers. Cardiac orienting responses (ORs) collected during a habituation/dishabituation learning paradigm were obtained from 12‐ to 18‐month‐olds to assess the impact of PAE beyond the first year of life.MethodsParticipants included women and their toddlers who differed in PAE histories and enrolled in a randomized clinical trial of multivitamin/mineral usage during pregnancy. Those who were randomly assigned to the no intervention group were used for this analysis. The habituation/dishabituation paradigm consisted of 10 habituation and 5 dishabituation trials. Baseline heart rate (HR) was collected for 30 seconds prior to stimulus onset, and responses to the stimuli were assessed by sampling HR for 12 seconds poststimulus onset.ResultsThe speed of the OR in response to auditory stimuli in the dishabituation condition was found to be altered as a function of maternal alcohol use around conception. For visual stimuli, positive histories of PAE were predictive of the magnitude but not the speed of the response on habituation and dishabituation trials. A history of binge drinking was associated with reduced magnitude of the OR response on visual encoding trials, and level of alcohol exposure at the time of conception was predictive of the magnitude of the response on visual dishabituation trials.ConclusionsCardiac ORs collected in the toddler period were sensitive to the effects of PAE. The magnitude of the OR was more sensitive to the impact of PAE than in previous research with younger infants, and this may be a function of brain maturation. Additional research assessing the predictive utility of using ORs in making decisions about individual risk was recommended.
Substrate controls growth rates of the woody pioneer Leptospermum lanigerum colonizing montane grasslands in northern Tasmania
Authors: Wood Sam W. , Ward Carly , Bowman David M. J. S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWoody encroachment into grasslands is occurring across the world and is of concern to land managers. Studies of forest–grassland boundaries have informed models describing factors that govern tree establishment and the maintenance and origin of grassland ecosystems. Central to these models is the role of fire relative to ‘bottom up’ resources such as soil and the geological substrate in determining the extent of grassland and forest in the landscape. The view that human lit fires have shaped vegetation across the Australian continent has been bolstered by early 19th century observations of Aboriginal‐set fires in Tasmanian montane grasslands and the documented encroachment of trees into these grasslands in the 20th century. We examined the pattern of lateral encroachment of woolly tea‐tree (Leptospermum lanigerum (Sol. ex Aiton) Sm.) into these grasslands and used tree ring chronologies to investigate (i) past fire activity and (ii) how the geological substrate mediates growth rates of L. lanigerum. Changes in fire regimes inferred from L. lanigerum recruitment were corroborated by historical records. Encroachment (and increases in woody cover) of trees into grasslands was highest on granitic substances, although L. lanigerum growth rates were highest on basalt substrates, followed by conglomerate, granite and Mathinna sediments. Frequent burning up to the 1980s may have stymied the encroachment of trees in grasslands underlain by basalt. Growth rates decreased with increasing distance from the forest edge. This may be due to incremental changes in soil resources, grass competition and/or microclimate. The dynamics between grasslands and forests in montane Tasmania are consistent with tree growth–fire interaction models that highlight the interplay of edaphic factors, growth rates and fire history. Such complexity cautions against generalizations concerning the direct effects of landscape fire in shaping vegetation distribution across Australia.