bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case of neuromyelitis optica with recurrent stomach carcinoma
Authors: Takewaki Daiki , Kasai Takashi , Itoh Kyoko , Shiga Kensuke , Tokui Masafumi , Tanaka Akihiro , Noto Yu‐ichi , Ohara Tomoyuki , Mizuno Toshiki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundNeuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune astrocytopathy associated with anti‐aquaporin‐4 (AQP4). The development of NMO in the setting of cancer suggests that AQP4 autoimmunity might in some cases be paraneoplastic.Case presentationWe report an 85‐year‐old woman who developed a right optic neuritis and a longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis associated with AQP4 autoantibodies after the relapse of stomach cancer. Histopathological observations in several case reports have led to the hypothesis that the NMO associated with the malignancy is caused by an autoimmunity against abnormally expressed AQP4 on tumor cells. However, we found no AQP4 antigen on the cancer cells in our resected tissues. Our findings did not support the concept of a paraneoplastic process in the narrow sense.ConclusionsThe exact mechanisms of cancer‐related NMO, which might be multifactorial, remain controversial.
Effectiveness of terrestrial protected areas for conservation of lake fish communities
Authors: Chu Cindy , Ellis Lucy , de Kerckhove Derrick T. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFreshwater protected areas are rare even though freshwater ecosystems are among the most imperiled in the world. Conservation actions within terrestrial protected areas (TPAs) such as development or resource extraction regulations may spill over to benefit freshwater ecosystems within their boundaries. Using data from 175 lakes across Ontario, Canada, we compared common indicators of fish‐assemblage status (i.e., species richness, Shannon diversity index, catch per unit effort, and normalized‐length size spectrum slopes) to evaluate whether TPAs benefit lake fish assemblages. Nearest neighbor cluster analysis was used to generate pairs of lakes: inside versus outside, inside versus bordering, and bordering versus outside TPAs based on lake characteristics. The diversity and abundance indicators did not differ significantly across comparisons, but normalized‐length size spectrum slopes (NLSS) were significantly steeper in lakes outside parks. The latter indicated assemblage differences (greater abundances of small‐bodied species) and less‐efficient energy transfer through the trophic levels of assemblages outside parks. Although not significantly different, pollution‐ and turbidity‐tolerant species were more abundant outside parks, whereas 3 of the 4 pollution‐intolerant species were more abundant within parks. Twenty‐one percent of the difference in slopes was related to higher total dissolved solids concentrations and angling pressure. Our results support the hypothesis that TPAs benefit lake fish assemblages and suggest that NLSS slopes are informative indicators for aquatic protected area evaluations because they represent compositional and functional aspects of communities.
Mesenchymal‐like stem cells in canine ovary show high differentiation potential
Authors: Trindade Hill A. B. , Therrien J. , Garcia J. M. , Smith L. C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesRecent studies have reported the existence of stem cells in ovarian tissue that show enhanced proliferative and differentiation potential compared to other adult tissues. Based on this evidence, we hypothesized that ovarian tissue contained mesenchymal‐like stem cells (MSC) that could be isolated using a novel rapid plastic adhesion technique.Materials and methodsWe established MSC lines derived from ovarian and adipose tissue based on their ability to rapidly adhere to plastic culture dishes in the first 3 hours after plating and studied their potentiality in terms of molecular markers and differentiation capacity.ResultsMorphological and kinetic properties of in vitro cultured ovarian MSC were similar to adipose‐derived MSC, and both reached senescence after similar passage numbers. Ovarian‐derived MSC expressed mesenchymal (CD90 and CD44) but not haematopoietic markers (CD34 and CD45), indicating similarity to adipose‐derived MSC. Moreover, ovarian‐derived MSC expressed NANOG, TERT, SOX2, OCT4 and showed extensive capacity to differentiate not only into adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic tissue but also towards neurogenic and endodermal lineages and even precursors of primordial germ cells.ConclusionThese results show for the first time the derivation of ovarian cells with the molecular properties of MSC as well as wide differentiation potential. Canine ovarian tissue is accessible, expandable, multipotent and has high plasticity, holding promise for applications in regenerative medicine.
IFI16 restoration in hepatocellular carcinoma induces tumour inhibition via activation of p53 signals and inflammasome
Authors: Lin Wei , Zhao Zhiguang , Ni Zhonglin , Zhao Yaxin , Du Wenjun , Chen Shijun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveInterferon‐inducible 16 (IFI16) is known to involve in p53‐dependent tumour suppression and also the formation of inflammasome, which function, however, remains controversy during carcinogenesis as a pattern recognition receptor for tumour death‐derived free DNA. In this study, we investigated the anti‐tumour role of IFI16 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Materials and methodsHepatocellular carcinoma tissues (n = 20) and corresponding non‐neoplastic tissues (n = 20) were collected to determine the expression of IFI16. After the transfection of pcDNA3.1‐IFI16 into Huh7 and SMMC7721 cells in vitro, the influence of IFI16 overexpression on cell vitality, colony formation, apoptosis and migration were analysed. The role effect of IFI16 in vivo was further investigated.ResultsThe expression of IFI16 was significantly decreased in tumour tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of IFI16 induced decrease of cell vitality, colony formation and increased apoptosis with impaired ability of migration. Mechanistically, IFI16 could activate p53 at Ser15 to up‐regulate the p21WAF1/CIP1 level to inhibit tumour growth and migration, which was restored by the p53 inhibitor Pifithrin‐α (20 μmol/L). Moreover, IFI16‐induced tumour cell death promoted the recruitment of inflammasome complex to enhance tumour inhibition, but the caspase‐1 inhibitor Ac‐YVAD‐CMK (50 μmol/L) could suppress this process in HCC. The results in vivo indicated that restored expression of IFI16 in tumour cells effectively promote tumour regression, which could be partly abrogated by the inhibition of activation of p53 signals or induced inflammasome.ConclusionIFI16 is a tumour suppressor in HCC via activation of p53 signals and inflammasome.
Early aspirin initiation following heart transplantation is associated with reduced risk of allograft vasculopathy during long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Peled Yael , Lavee Jacob , Raichlin Eugenia , Katz Moshe , Arad Michael , Kassif Yigal , Peled Amir , Asher Elad , Elian Dan , Har‐Zahav Yedael , Shlomo Nir , Freimark Dov , Goldenberg Ilan , Klempfner Robert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimCardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality after heart transplantation (HT). Enhanced platelet reactivity is a contributing factor. We aimed to investigate the association between early initiation of aspirin therapy post‐HT and the 15‐year risk of the development of CAV.MethodsWe studied 206 patients who underwent HT between 1991 and 2016. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was employed to evaluate the association between early aspirin initiation and the long‐term risk of CAV.ResultsNinety‐seven patients (47%) received aspirin therapy. At 15 years of follow‐up, the rate of CAV was lowered by sixfold in patients treated with aspirin compared with the non‐treated patients: 7% vs 37% (log‐rank P‐value<.001). The corresponding rates of the combined end‐point of CAV or death were also lower in patients treated with aspirin, compared with the non‐treated patients: 42% vs 78% (log‐rank P < .001). Consistently, multivariate analysis showed that early aspirin therapy was associated with a significant 84% (P < .001) reduction in CAV risk, and with a corresponding 68% (P < .0001) reduction in the risk of the combined end‐point of CAV or death. We further validated these results using a propensity score‐adjusted Cox model.ConclusionsEarly aspirin initiation is independently associated with a significant reduction in the risk of CAV.
The plans they are a‐changin’: More frequent iterative adjustment of regional priorities in the transition to local actions can benefit implementation
Authors: Cheok Jessica , Pressey Robert L. , Weeks Rebecca , VanDerWal Jeremy , Storlie Collin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimRegional‐scale assessments are frequently conceived to guide the strategic application of conservation actions. Although changes to priority areas from initial assessments are inevitable, the transition from regional‐scale assessment to implementing local actions is poorly understood. An outstanding question concerns the frequency with which regionally assessed priorities should be updated as actions are implemented. We address this gap by simulating the incremental implementation of local actions guided by regional conservation assessments, exploring how update frequency can influence aspects of translating regional assessments to local actions.LocationFiji coral reefs.MethodsOur simulations were designed within the framework of systematic conservation planning, with implemented actions simulated based on conservation value in achieving objectives and feature rarity. Other decision rule‐sets were put in place to simulate on‐the‐ground negotiations that are often necessary when transitioning from regional‐scale conservation assessments to local actions. We use our simulations to evaluate how the frequency of updating regional priorities influences (1) total time taken to achieve objectives represented by numbers of planning units investigated, (2) total extent of final reserve systems and (3) spatial overlap between initial regional priorities and final implemented reserves.ResultsChanges in the frequencies of updating did not influence the time taken to achieve conservation objectives, nor the total extent of final reserve systems. However, there was a significant difference in the number of times planning units were re‐investigated for implementing actions within in scenarios that involved more frequent updates. Spatial overlap between initial regional priorities and final implemented reserves increased with decreases in update frequency.Main conclusionsWe find two potential benefits to updating priorities more frequently: (1) faster achievement of objectives for high‐priority features and (2) greater potential to capitalize on areas previously investigated. Our findings provide insights into trade‐offs to consider regarding the frequency of updating regional assessments, which varies depending on the planning context.
Niche centrality and human influence predict rangewide variation in population abundance of a widespread mammal: The collared peccary (Pecari tajacu)
Authors: Martínez‐Gutiérrez P. G. , Martínez‐Meyer E. , Palomares F. , Fernández N. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAim(1) To evaluate whether geographic variation in population abundance of a widespread mammal (Pecari tajacu) is related to its location with respect to the centroid of its ecological niche or to the centroid of its geographic range. (2) To assess whether the abundance–niche centrality relationship defines the maximum expected abundance at any location, rather than the realized abundance. (3) To test whether including human impacts improves the abundance–niche centrality relationship, and therefore the prediction of geographic variation in population abundance.LocationThe Americas.MethodsWe modelled the ecological niche of the species using occurrence and environmental data and created spatial models of distance to the niche centroid (DNC) and to the geographic centroid (DGC). We tested the relationships between population abundance andDNCand between abundance andDGC. We evaluated whether the rate of change in the abundance–DNCrelationship was steeper near the upper boundary of quantile regressions. We tested whether the human influence index (HII) contributed to improve niche‐based predictions of population abundance. Finally, we generated broad‐scale predictions of collared peccary population abundances.ResultsWe found a negative relationship between abundance andDNCand a non‐significant relationship between abundance andDGC. The abundance–DNCrelationship was wedge‐shaped, steeper in the upper quantile boundary than in the median.HIIalso had a negative effect on abundance. The model includingDNCandHIIwas best supported for predicting the median abundance, whileDNCalone was the best to predict the upper boundary of population abundances.Main conclusionsPopulation abundances are associated with the structure of the ecological niche, especially the maximum abundance expected in an area. Thus, theDNCapproach can be useful in obtaining a spatial approximation of potential abundance patterns at biogeographic extents. To achieve a better prediction of realized abundances, it is critical to consider the human influence.
Automated analysis of seizure semiology and brain electrical activity in presurgery evaluation of epilepsy: A focused survey
Authors: Ahmedt‐Aristizabal David , Fookes Clinton , Dionisio Sasha , Nguyen Kien , Cunha João Paulo S. , Sridharan Sridha 
Published: October 2017

SummaryEpilepsy being one of the most prevalent neurological disorders, affecting approximately 50 million people worldwide, and with almost 30–40% of patients experiencing partial epilepsy being nonresponsive to medication, epilepsy surgery is widely accepted as an effective therapeutic option. Presurgical evaluation has advanced significantly using noninvasive techniques based on video monitoring, neuroimaging, and electrophysiological and neuropsychological tests; however, certain clinical settings call for invasive intracranial recordings such as stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG), aiming to accurately map the eloquent brain networks involved during a seizure. Most of the current presurgical evaluation procedures focus on semiautomatic techniques, where surgery diagnosis relies immensely on neurologists’ experience and their time‐consuming subjective interpretation of semiology or the manifestations of epilepsy and their correlation with the brain's electrical activity. Because surgery misdiagnosis reaches a rate of 30%, and more than one‐third of all epilepsies are poorly understood, there is an evident keen interest in improving diagnostic precision using computer‐based methodologies that in the past few years have shown near‐human performance. Among them, deep learning has excelled in many biological and medical applications, but has advanced insufficiently in epilepsy evaluation and automated understanding of neural bases of semiology. In this paper, we systematically review the automatic applications in epilepsy for human motion analysis, brain electrical activity, and the anatomoelectroclinical correlation to attribute anatomical localization of the epileptogenic network to distinctive epilepsy patterns. Notably, recent advances in deep learning techniques will be investigated in the contexts of epilepsy to address the challenges exhibited by traditional machine learning techniques. Finally, we discuss and propose future research on epilepsy surgery assessment that can jointly learn across visually observed semiologic patterns and recorded brain electrical activity.
What Style Liquidity Timing Skills Do Mutual Fund Managers Possess?
Authors: Bazgour Tarik , Bodson Laurent , Sougné Danielle 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRecent studies claim that mutual fund managers demonstrate strong MARKET liquidity timing skills. We extend their liquidity timing tests to the four‐factor case and investigate liquidity timing skills with respect to the MARKET, SIZE, VALUE and MOMENTUM factors. Contrary to these claims, we find no evidence that fund managers adjust market exposure in anticipation of market liquidity changes. We find rather strong evidence that fund managers successfully overweight small stocks as market liquidity increases. Our study also demonstrates that it is easy to misidentify SIZE liquidity timing as MARKET liquidity timing in models that focus only on MARKET liquidity timing.
Investor Conferences, Firm Visibility, and Stock Liquidity
Authors: Brockman Paul , Subasi Musa , Uzmanoglu Cihan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe examine the influence of investor conferences on firms’ stock liquidity. We find that firms participating in conferences experience a 1.4% to 2.8% increase in stock liquidity compared to nonconference firms. Consistent with investor conferences improving firm visibility, the increase in liquidity is larger for firms with low pre‐conference visibility and varies predictably with conference characteristics that affect the ability of investors to revise their beliefs about the firm. However, for firms with a large investor base and high visibility, conference participation is associated with a decline in stock liquidity, consistent with investor conferences exacerbating the information asymmetry among investors.
Central Bank Actions and Words: The Intraday Effects of FOMC Policy Communications on Individual Equity Volatility and Returns
Authors: Jubinski Daniel , Tomljanovich Marc 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe compare intraday impacts of the release of Federal Reserve decision announcements and of Federal Open Market Committee minutes between 2004 and 2015 on 1,997 equity return and volatility series. We find that returns are unresponsive to either news release, but conditional volatility increases for both, manifesting immediately after each information release, and persisting for 30 minutes post‐announcement. These effects are larger for decisions than for minutes. On stratifying firms by trading intensity, we find most “high trading intensity” firms respond to these announcements, while “low trading intensity” firms are less affected. Our results show that traders respond, albeit differently, to both sets of information releases.
On Unmodeled Breaks in the Turn of the Year, Turn of the Month, and January Effects
Authors: Robins Russell P. , Smith Geoffrey Peter 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe produce convincing new evidence that the turn of the year (TOY), turn of the month (TOM), and January effects are critically dependent on the sample period over which they are estimated. The TOY effect is significant in the value‐weight portfolio from 1962 to 1997. It becomes insignificant in the medium‐size portfolio after 1994 and in the equal‐weight and low‐size portfolios after 1997. The TOM effect becomes insignificant in the value‐weight and high‐size portfolios after 1978, in the equal‐weight and medium‐size portfolios after 1997, and in the low‐size portfolio after 1998. January effects are significant in some subperiods but not others.
How much does climate change threaten European forest tree species distributions?
Authors: Dyderski Marcin K. , Paź Sonia , Frelich Lee E. , Jagodziński Andrzej M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlthough numerous species distribution models have been developed, most were based on insufficient distribution data or used older climate change scenarios. We aimed to quantify changes in projected ranges and threat level by the years 2061–2080, for 12 European forest tree species under three climate change scenarios. We combined tree distribution data from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, EUFORGEN, and forest inventories, and we developed species distribution models using MaxEnt and 19 bioclimatic variables. Models were developed for three climate change scenarios—optimistic (RCP2.6), moderate (RCP4.5), and pessimistic (RPC8.5)—using three General Circulation Models, for the period 2061–2080. Our study revealed different responses of tree species to projected climate change. The species may be divided into three groups: “winners”—mostly late‐successional species: Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus robur, and Quercus petraea; “losers”—mostly pioneer species: Betula pendula, Larix decidua, Picea abies, and Pinus sylvestris; and alien species—Pseudotsuga menziesii, Quercus rubra, and Robinia pseudoacacia, which may be also considered as “winners.” Assuming limited migration, most of the species studied would face a significant decrease in suitable habitat area. The threat level was highest for species that currently have the northernmost distribution centers. Ecological consequences of the projected range contractions would be serious for both forest management and nature conservation.
Soil carbon cycling proxies: Understanding their critical role in predicting climate change feedbacks
Authors: Bailey Vanessa L. , Bond‐Lamberty Ben , DeAngelis Kristen , Grandy A. Stuart , Hawkes Christine V. , Heckman Kate , Lajtha Kate , Phillips Richard P. , Sulman Benjamin N. , Todd‐Brown Katherine E. O. , Wallenstein Matthew D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe complexity of processes and interactions that drive soil C dynamics necessitate the use of proxy variables to represent soil characteristics that cannot be directly measured (correlative proxies), or that aggregate information about multiple soil characteristics into one variable (integrative proxies). These proxies have proven useful for understanding the soil C cycle, which is highly variable in both space and time, and are now being used to make predictions of the fate and persistence of C under future climate scenarios. However, the C pools and processes that proxies represent must be thoughtfully considered in order to minimize uncertainties in empirical understanding. This is necessary to capture the full value of a proxy in model parameters and in model outcomes. Here, we provide specific examples of proxy variables that could improve decision‐making, and modeling skill, while also encouraging continued work on their mechanistic underpinnings. We explore the use of three common soil proxies used to study soil C cycling: metabolic quotient, clay content, and physical fractionation. We also consider how emerging data types, such as genome‐sequence data, can serve as proxies for microbial community activities. By examining some broad assumptions in soil C cycling with the proxies already in use, we can develop new hypotheses and specify criteria for new and needed proxies.