bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monkey Model for IgE-Mediated Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Friedman R. A. , Doyle W. J. , Fagin J. , Bluestone C. D. , Fireman P. 
Published: January 2017

Allergic and other immune mechanisms have been suggested as important in the etiology and pathogenesis of OME, and both humoral and cellular components of the immune response have been identified in MEEs obtained from patients with OME. Yet, specific and direct documentation of an immune basis for OME has not been forthcoming. To establish a causal relationship between an immune hypersensitivity and middle ear pathophysiology, a provocative intranasal antigen challenge test has been designed using the nine-step inflation-deflation tympanometric test for ET dysfunction. These initial studies were undertaken by OMRC personnel in association with the allergy and immunology service. Subsequently, on the basis of the preliminary observations additional funding was obtained (NIAID AI 19262) to confirm and extend these studies to document antigen-induced ET dysfunction in allergic adults and children, and to establish a clinical relevance for antigen-induced ET dysfunction. Because questions concerning the etiology and pathogenesis required invasive techniques and are not suitable in humans, a monkey animal model has also been developed. Our future plans will be to further develop the monkey model of OME employing IgE and other immune reactions in monkeys with normal ET function, or with compromised, surgically created ET function. The experimental MEE will be assayed for immune components, including IgA and its secretory piece; IgG, IgM, and IgE, total complement; C3, C4, and cells including polymorphonuclear leukocytes, eosinophils, and lymphocytes (both T and B cells). Since OME is mainly a disease of the young child, it is essential that age-related differences be explored in each aspect of our experimental model. The reversal and prevention of ET dysfunction and/or OME with several drugs, including cromolyn, steroids, and antihistamines, will be studied in humans and in the monkey model.
On Some Permutation Tests Based on U‐Statistics
Authors: Sen Pranab Kumar 
Published: January 2017

Summary The two‐sample (as well as bhe single‐sample) perm utntion tests developed so far, are mostly based on linear permubation statistics. The object of the present invesbigation is to use a class of U‐statistics in various two‐sample problems and to extend the scope of applicability of the permutation tests.
Statisticians and Statistical Database Management
Authors: Ghosh Sakti Pada 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: This paper discusses the roles and challenges for statisticians in statistical data base management. It discusses the difference between statistical data model and the category‐numeric data model used in statistical data base management. It shows how some numerical operations, commonly used in statistical analysis can be combined with relational operations of data base management to improve the performance of statistical analysis using data base management. Some of the operations discussed are : flelxible multivariate structures, selection domains, domain joins, domain ordering, tuple ordering, domain union, domain intersections, outer joins of domains, etc.
An Investigation of Resonance Conditions for Pulsating Flow of Air through an Orifice in a Pipe
Authors: Imrie B W , Evans† R A 
Published: January 2017

A review of some previous studies of pulsating air flow through orifices in pipes is presented. In particular, the authors comment on the significance of inertia effects, the use of Strouhal number as a non-dimensional parameter, and the effect of phase change on time-dependent variables. Attention is drawn to the possible importance of the previously neglected interaction between the effects of orifices as acoustical filters and as meters of pulsating flow. Using complex variable analysis, a theoretical model based on plane acoustic waves yields, for resonance conditions, relationships between frequency, pressure and geometry variables. These were investigated experimentally for a 1-in diameter pipe with different orifice diameters for a range of frequencies up to 180 Hz. The results indicate that accurate derivation of mass flow rates from pressure measurements across an orifice in a pipe depends on taking into account the effects of wave action at all frequencies. This would avoid the rig-dependent limitations to which experimental work on pulsating gas flow through an orifice in a pipe is subject.
Dominant Mode Design of Third-Order Linear Control Systems: Part 2 Open Loop Poles and System Design
Authors: Asbury A. 
Published: January 2017

This completes the design method begun in the part published in the previous issue by providing loci of the corrected open loop poles required for the selected systems. Two examples are given to illustrate the new approach to performance limitations and correction methods. Pole relocation by cancellation is advocated and the consequences of inexact cancellation are discussed. The mathematics used in the program for the loci is given in two Appendices.
The Impact of Public Investment on Private Investment: Evidence from India
Authors: Dash Pradyumna 
Published: January 2017

Executive Summary This paper estimates the impact of public investment on private investment in India during 1970-2013 using ARDL procedure developed by Pesaran and Shin (1999) and Pesaran, Shin, and Smith (2001) by incorporating endogenously determined structural break in the model. The base line result implies that a 1 per cent increase in public investment as a ratio to GDP leads to 0.81 per cent and 0.53 per cent decrease in private investment as a ratio to GDP in the long run (about 4 to 5 years) and short run (about 2 to 3 years), respectively, after controlling for economic conditions. To address the concern that the results may be driven by government consumption expenditure, fiscal deficit, or inadequate infrastructure, the analysis was repeated by estimating the investment function after including these variables and similar results were obtained. The investment regression was also estimated for a shorter sample period (1978–2013) to get the same result. It is observed that the crowding out effect of public investment on private investment has dampened during the post-liberalization period. The results also reveal that a “market friendly” incumbent and an increase in foreign direct investment dampen the magnitude of the crowding out effect of public investment. Formal tests were conducted to examine whether the crowding out effect was driven by political uncertainty and political business cycle channels but no evidence for the same is found. The results also reveal that public infrastructure (represented by kms of roads per capita) has a positive effect on private investment in the short run. This is similar to the findings by Blejer and Khan (1984) that while public infrastructure investment is complementary to private investment, other kinds of public investment lead to crowding out of private investment. This suggests that public investment should be more focused on goods and services which are enjoyed or consumed by many consumers simultaneously and non-excludable in nature with significant positive externalities. In this model, a single endogenously determined structural break was included and the possibility of multiple breaks was excluded. There is a scope to increase multiple structural breaks and re-investigate the impact of public investment on private investment in India in future studies.
Evaluation of a Local Clay as a Dehydration Catalyst
Authors: Ali Susan A. , El-Aiashy Maha K. , Ayad Zita S. 
Published: January 2017

Since Egypt is rich in natural clays, they can be used as a cheap local catalyst for dehydration instead of importing synthetic catalysts. Samples from Wadi El Hai Helwan were studied for this purpose in the raw and activated forms. Activation included either thermal activation by calcination of the clay in a stream of dry air at different temperatures or chemical activation by treatment with different concentrations of sulphuric acid solution. The dehydration activities of the prepared clay catalysts were studied using absolute ethyl alcohol. The optimum conditions for activation were obtained on treating Helwan raw clay with 20% sulphuric acid solution at 104°C at an acid solution/clay ratio of 1.5:1 by weight, followed by calcination at 500°C. The activation energy for this reaction on Helwan clay was estimated as equal to 17.5 kcal/mol.
The Internet's Impact on the Practice of Psychiatry
Authors: Styra Rima 
Published: January 2017

Objective: In the past decade, the Internet has rapidly evolved into a mainstream communication and information resource. During this period, health care resources and databases have been developed. This paper reviews the literature on e-mail communication and on-line health care information resources to determine the impact on psychiatry. Method: The Medline electronic database and the search engines Altavista and Google were used to review the literature discussing on-line guidelines, clinical trials, and continuing medical education (CME) resources, as well as the literature on Internet usage, e-journals, and e-mail communication. Conclusions: The Internet has accelerated psychiatrists' access to new research findings and other information pertinent to clinical practice. It has eliminated distance barriers and offered psychiatrists and the general public equal access to scientific articles, clinical trials, and guidelines. The literature shows that the general public is using the Internet to obtain information and, to a lesser extent, to communicate with health care professionals. In terms of health outcomes, the effectiveness of patient on-line access to information is still uncertain, and further research is necessary. Although physicians have embraced on-line journals, further work is required before they embrace on-line CME. The Internet has developed to a point where it is important for psychiatrists to understand the issues and pitfalls in its use, to be able to access the resources available, and to be in a position to mentor patients who want to research their condition further.
Assessing and Monitoring Antipsychotic-Induced Movement Disorders in Hospitalized Patients: A Cautionary Study
Authors: Cortese Leonardo , Jog Mandar , McAuley T Jeffrey , Kotteda V , Costa Giuseppe 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To assess the amount of documentation and level of assessment provided by attending physicians and nursing staff in regard to extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) experienced by hospitalized patients with varied DSM-IV diagnoses regularly treated with antipsychotic medication. Method: We examined the medical records of 204 hospitalized patients. All medical records were examined retrospectively from consecutive admissions beginning in January 1996. We identified demographics, length of hospitalization, diagnosis, and antipsychotic and adjunct medication. EPS were classified into dystonia, parkinsonism, akathisia, and tardive dyskinesia (TD). For each type of EPS, 2 independent raters rated the quality of assessment based on dimensions of severity, location, and laterality. Results: The extent of interrater agreement was found to be 91.1%. Parkinsonism and akathisia were more frequently assessed, compared with TD and dystonia. However, the medical records examined showed generally poor assessment and documentation of EPS. The percentage of medical records with “no description” for each EPS classification was as follows: dystonia (89%), parkinsonism (71%), akathisia (67%), and TD (94%). Conclusions: The major finding of this study was a high rate of failure to document the assessment and course of EPS. This finding suggests that clinicians do not recognize the importance of documenting these significant adverse events. This shortcoming can be corrected with increased awareness of EPS and increased training in their physical examination.
Excess of Psychoses among the French West Indian Population
Authors: Ballon Nicolas , Ursulet Gilbert , Merle Sylvie , Eynaud Michel , Charles-Nicolas Aimé , Michalon Max 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To investigate and compare the prevalence of psychoses in the French West Indies (FWI) and in continental France. Method: As part of an international epidemiologic multicentre study under the authority of the World Health Organization French Collaborating Center (WHO-CC), we questioned 7257 individuals selected from the general population in France and in the FWI, using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. We compared data using the chi-square test. Results: We found a significant discrepancy between the rate of psychoses at the continental French sites (1.8%) and the FWI sites (4.4%) ( P < 0.0001). After homogenizing the rate of missing interviews, our results remained significant. Conclusions: Such a drastic increase in the rate of psychoses in the FWI population cannot be explained solely on the basis of either the classical migration hypothesis or other currently accepted hypotheses. More attention should be given to new parameters such as 1) the recent and significant abuse of crack cocaine and cannabis in the FWI, 2) the continued existence of magic practices in a significant portion of the French Afro-Caribbean population, and 3) the expression of mood disorders with overvalued ideation or psychotic symptomatology.
Recent Advances in the Treatment of Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Paris Joel 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To examine recent research on the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Method: A narrative review of all recent controlled trials of therapy for patients with BPD. Results: Various psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological methods can be used to reduce impulsivity and dysphoric mood in this disorder. Conclusion: There is strong support for well-structured forms of psychotherapy, but evidence for pharmacotherapy in BPD is mixed. Treatment can usually be carried out in an outpatient setting.
Sex and Informant Effects on Diagnostic Comorbidity in an Adolescent Community Sample
Authors: Romano Elisa , Tremblay Richard E , Vitaro Frank , Zoccolillo Mark , Pagani Linda 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To investigate sex and informant effects on comorbidity rates for anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and conduct–oppositional disorder (CD–ODD) in an adolescent community sample. Method: The Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-2.25 (DISC-2.25) was administered to 1201 adolescents and their mothers. Results: The highest comorbidity risk found was between ADHD and CD–ODD, with odds ratios (ORs) of 17.6 for adolescent reports and 12.0 for mother reports. The second-highest comorbidity risk, with ORs of 13.2 for adolescent reports and 11.0 for mother reports, was between anxiety and depressive disorders. There was not much overlap between internalizing and externalizing disorders. Adolescent girls had higher rates of coexisting anxiety and depressive disorders, whereas adolescent boys had higher rates of coexisting ADHD and CD–ODD. There was partial support for the hypothesis that adolescent-reported comorbidity rates would exceed mother-reported rates. Conclusions: There is a greater cooccurrence of within-category, compared with between-category, disorders. Adolescent girls are more likely to have coexisting internalizing disorders, while adolescent boys are more likely to have coexisting externalizing disorders. Mothers tend to report more externalizing disorders (that is, ADHD), while adolescents generally report more internalizing disorders.
Treatment of Child Neglect: A Systematic Review
Authors: Allin Heather , Wathen C Nadine , MacMillan Harriet 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Child neglect is the most common type of child maltreatment. Our objective was to systematically evaluate the available evidence regarding the effectiveness of child neglect treatment programs, including those focused on victims of childhood neglect and (or) their caregivers. Method: We comprehensively searched the Medline, Psycinfo, and Eric databases from January 1980 to May 2003. Two authors independently reviewed 54 studies that met inclusion criteria. Fourteen articles met our design criterion and were assessed for their methodological quality according to guidelines developed by the US Preventive Services Task Force. Results: Of the 14 studies included in the review, 2 were rated as good, and 3 were rated as fair. We found evidence that 2 specific types of play therapy and a therapeutic day treatment program had beneficial effects for children. Further, parents and children in families where neglect had occurred showed improvement with multisystemic therapy. Conclusions: Rigorous studies of treatments for neglected children and their families are lacking. Well-designed and well-conducted evaluations are urgently required to identify effective treatments, which should then be made available to children and their caregivers.
Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms and Positive, Negative, and Depressive Symptoms in Patients with Recent-Onset Schizophrenic Disorders
Authors: de Haan Lieuwe , Hoogenboom Britt , Beuk Nico , van Amelsvoort Therese , Linszen Don 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: To study the relation between obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) and positive, negative, and depressive symptoms in patients with recent-onset schizophrenic disorders. Methods: We undertook a prospective study of 113 consecutively hospitalized patients with recent-onset schizophrenia or related disorders diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. We compared 3 subgroups: one without comorbid OCS, one with OCS not fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and one with comorbid OCD diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria. We assessed OCS severity at admission and 6 weeks thereafter with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) were independently administered. Results: At admission, patients with schizophrenic disorders and OCD had higher mean MADRS scores than both other groups; patients with OCS not fulfilling DSM-IV criteria for OCD had lower mean PANSS negative subscale scores than both other groups. After 6 weeks, there were no significant between-group differences, and OCS severity remained constant. Conclusions: Acute patients with recent-onset schizophrenia and OCD have more severe depressive symptoms but do differ in negative symptoms, compared with patients without comorbid OCD. Mild OCS may be related to less severe negative symptoms. During regular inpatient treatment, OCS severity remains constant.
Validation of the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory in French-Canadian Veterans: Findings on the Relation between Deployment Experiences and Postdeployment Health
Authors: Fikretoglu Deniz , Brunet Alain , Poundja Joaquin , Guay Stéphane , Pedlar David 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: This study had a twofold purpose: to validate the French-Canadian version of a measure of deployment risk and resilience factors and to examine the relation between deployment risk and resilience factors and postdeployment functioning. Method: Canadian veterans at an outpatient clinic ( n = 131) completed a mail-in survey that included a measure on deployment risk and resilience factors, the Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory (DRRI) (1), as well as measures on psychological and physical health. Results: Internal consistency and test–retest reliability coefficients for the DRRI scales were very good. As expected, DRRI risk factors were negatively associated with psychological and physical functioning, and DRRI resilience factors were positively associated with psychological and physical functioning. Low- as well as high-magnitude deployment risk factors were associated with functioning. Conclusions: The French-Canadian version of the DRRI is a reliable and valid measure of deployment risk and resilience factors. Deployment risk and resilience factors are associated with a host of problems in physical and psychological functioning for veterans.
Impairment of Autonoetic Awareness for Emotional Events in Schizophrenia
Authors: Neumann Aurore , Philippot Pierre , Danion Jean-Marie 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To investigate the subjective states of awareness accompanying recognition of emotional events in patients with schizophrenia. Method: During the learning phase, a set of neutral pictures associated with emotional sentences was presented to 24 patients with schizophrenia and 24 healthy control subjects. During the test phase, participants had to recognize target pictures and valence and to report their subjective state of awareness (Remember, Know, or Guess) associated with recognition of pictures and valence. Results: Patients with schizophrenia exhibited poor recognition of pictures and emotional valence. The frequency of Remember responses associated with recognition of pictures and of valence was lower in patients than in control subjects. Conclusions: Autonoetic awareness for emotional events is reduced in schizophrenia, with patients presenting difficulties in consciously recollecting the specific details that make events emotional.
Treatment of Perinatal Mood and Anxiety Disorders: A Review
Authors: Misri Shaila , Kendrick Kristin 
Published: January 2017

Objectives: To review the nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment modalities for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders and to discuss the importance of weighing the risks and the benefits of exposing the fetus or baby to maternal mental illness as opposed to exposure to antidepressant medications. Methods: We conducted a literature search of the PubMed and MEDLINE databases. Key words included the following: perinatal, pregnancy, postpartum, depression, anxiety, pharmacologic, nonpharmacologic, psychotherapy, and treatment. Results: Recent literature reflects that both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments for perinatal women are associated with positive and negative outcomes. No treatment decision was found to be risk-free. The detrimental effects of untreated mental illness on the mother, as well as on the baby, highlight the need for treatment intervention. The long-term effects of exposure to either medications or maternal mental illness are unknown, as yet. Conclusion: Women with perinatal depression and anxiety disorders require timely and efficient management with a goal of providing symptom relief for the suffering mother while simultaneously ensuring the baby's safety. Although knowledge in the area of appropriate intervention is constantly evolving, rigorous and scientifically sound research in the future is critical.
International Health and Psychiatry
Authors: Bland Roger C 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To abstract and evaluate data on psychiatric illness and health care in Canada from a recent major World Bank/World Health Organization (WHO) publication. Method: A review of the publication and related material provides a picture of the level of disability produced by neuropsychiatric disorders. Changing patterns of life expectancy in developing countries, and some social factors associated with prevention are extracted. Results: Psychiatric disorders account for 15% of disability and premature death in developed countries. A surprisingly small percentage is accounted for by psychoses, and more than expected by post-traumatic stress disorders. Violence against women is highlighted as a risk factor for psychiatric disorders. Objectives for health care systems — improving outcomes, reaching the disadvantaged and containing costs — are detailed. Conclusions: Although little formal attention is given to psychiatric disorders, there is a wealth of information about the extent of disability produced by neuropsychiatric disorders, and future directions of health care systems.