bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON‐TRANSFER REACTIONS IN NITROGEN FIXATION. PART 1. THE ELECTROSYNTHESIS OF DINITROGEN, HYDRIDE, ISOCYANIDE, AND CARBONYL COMPLEXES OF MOLYBDENUM: INTERMEDIATES, MECHANISMS, AND ENERGETICS
Authors: AL‐SALIH T. I. , PICKETT C. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Elektrosynthese der Mo(O)‐ und W(0)‐Komplexe (II), (III) und (IV) erfolgt ausgehend von den trans‐Mo(II)‐ und W(II)‐Komplexen (I) oder auch von dem Mo(IV)‐Komplex (V) an einer Hg‐Elektrode in THF oder DMF in Gegenwart der Neutralliganden.
ChemInform Abstract: PROTON‐INDUCED DIMERIZATION AND RELATED REACTIONS OF MONONUCLEAR TUNGSTEN CARBYNE COMPLEXES. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF THE COMPOUNDS (W(=C(H)(C6H4ME‐4))(I)(CO)2(η‐C5H5)) AND (W(η2‐C2(OH)(C6H4ME‐4))(CO)(PME3)(η‐C5H5))(BF4).(ME2CO)
Authors: HOWARD J. A. K. , JEFFERY J. C. , LAURIE J. C. V. , MOORE I. , STONE F. G. A. , STRINGER A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Protonierung der Komplexe (I) mit etwa der Hälfte der äquivalenten Menge von HBF4‐ Et2O lieferte die Diwolfram‐Salze (II), die schnell unter Bildung der Produkte (III) deprotoniert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Π‐AROMATIC COMPLEXES OF METAL CARBONYLS WITH PYRYLIUM SALTS
Authors: MILAEV A. G. , OKHLOBYSTIN O. YU. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie aus den Pyryliumsalzen (I) durch Umsetzung mit Lithiumpentadienylmangantncarbonyl (II), Liganden‐Austausch und Dehydratisierung mit Tritylperchlorat gebildeten Pyryliumperchlorat‐Komplexe (V) werden mit Anilin in Pyridiniumperchlorat‐Komplexe (VI), mit Ammoniumacetat in Pyridinylderivate und mit Natriumsulfid in Thiopyryliumperchlorat‐Komplexe (VIII) umgewandelt.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBON‐CARBON FORMATION AT DIIRON CENTERS. PART 2. REACTIVITY OF (FE2(CO)6(μ‐COET)(μ‐C(R)C(R)H)) COMPLEXES TOWARD MEOC(O)CCC(O)OME (R = PH) AND CF3CCCF3 (R = PH OR H): X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF PENTACARBONYL‐μ‐(η‐1,2‐DIPHENYLETHENYL)‐μ‐(η‐1‐ETHOXY‐2,3‐DI(METH# OXYCARBONYL)PROP‐1‐EN‐1‐YL‐3‐YLIDENE)DIIRON(FE‐FE) HYDRATE AND μ‐(2‐3:4‐5‐η‐5‐METHOXY‐1,2‐BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)PENTA‐2,4‐DIEN‐1‐YLIDENE)# BIS(TRICARBONYLIRON)(FE‐FE)
Authors: ROS J. , COMMENGES G. , MATHIEU R. , SOLANS X. , FONT‐ALTABA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie durch Ethylierung der μ‐Carbonyl‐Zweikernkomplexe (I) gebildeten Ethoxycarbin‐Komplexe (II) reagieren mit Dimethyl‐acetylendicarboxylat oder Hexafluor‐2‐butin.
ChemInform Abstract: Substitution of Bi‐ und Mono‐dentate Lewis Bases in Organocobalt(III) Complexes Holding a Tridentate Ligand: Routes to Novel Series of Organocobalt Compounds.
Authors: LEVITIN I. YA. , KITAIGORODSKII A. N. , NIKITAEV A. T. , BAKHMUTOV V. I. , SIGAN A. L. , VOL'PIN M. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie sechsfach‐koordinierten σ‐Alkyl‐Co(III)‐Komplexe (I) unterwerfen sich einer protonenbegünstigten Substitution ihrer Ethylendiamin‐Liganden durch Pyridin.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS OF A MACROTETRACYCLIC HEXAAZACRYPTATE: X‐RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE O
Authors: GEUE R. J. , MCCARTHY M. G. , SARGESON A. M. , SKELTON B. W. , WHITE A. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion des Co‐Komplexes (I) mit Formaldehyd und Nitromethan in Wasser (pH 10.5, 10h) liefert eine Lösung,aus der bei pH 3 durch Ionenaustauschchromatographie vier Hauptprodukte isoliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF CARBON‐METALLATED PALLADIUM HYDRAZONE COMPLEXES. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF BIS(CHLORO(2,2,3‐TRIMETHYL‐5‐PHENYL‐4,5‐DIAZAHEX‐3‐ENYL)PALLADIUM(II)) AND BIS(CHLORO(2‐TERT‐BUTYL‐4‐PHENYL‐3,4‐DIAZAPENT‐2‐ENYL)PALLADIUM(II))
Authors: GALLI B. , GASPARRINI F. , MANN B. E. , MARESCA L. , NATILE G. , MANOTTI LANFREDI A. M. , TIRIPICCHIO A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindungen (I) und (IIa), deren Darstellung bekannt ist, haben in festem Zustand trans‐planare Geometrie.
ChemInform Abstract: HOMO‐ AND HETERODINUCLEAR HYDRIDE‐BRIDGED COMPLEXES CONTAINING CYCLOOCTADIENE: THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF μ‐CHLORO‐2‐η‐CYCLOOCTA‐1,5‐DIENE‐μ‐HYDRIDO‐1,1‐DIHYDRIDO‐1,1‐BIS(TRIP# HENYLPHOSPHINE)DIIRIDIUM(III,I)
Authors: HLATKY G. G. , JOHNSON B. F. G. , LEWIS J. , RAITHBY P. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie aufgezeichnete Umsetzung führt zu den luftbeständigen, gemischtwertigen Zweikernkomplexen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF TETRAMETHYLPLATINUM(IV) COMPLEXES: THERMAL REACTIONS WITH ELECTROPHILES AND UNSATURATED REAGENTS.
Authors: HUX J. E. , PUDDEPHATT R. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Titelreaktion der Komplexe (I) mit elektrophilen Verbindungen in Aceton, Benzol, oder MeOH/Cl‐lzClz führt zu den fac‐ Komplexen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: PLATINUM COMPLEXES IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS: CATALYTIC ORTHO‐ALKENYLATION OF ANILINES
Authors: DE RENZI A. , PANUNZI A. , SAPORITO A. , VITAGLIANO A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn 3‐Stellung mit einer ortho‐para‐aktivierenden Gruppe substituierte Aniline (I) reagieren, nachdem die Aminogruppe durch Acetylierung geschützt wurde, mit einem komplexgebundenen Allen in (II) zu den o‐Isopentenylderivaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: AN EFFICIENT CONVERSION OF 1‐ABIETIC ACID TO (+)‐3‐DEOXYAPHIDICOLIN
Authors: KOYAMA H. , OKAWARA H. , KOBAYASHI S. , OHNO M. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract1‐Abietinsäure (I) wird über zahlreiche beschriebene Zwischenstufen in (+)‐3‐Desoxyaphidicolin (IIa) übergefuhrt.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (‐)‐NORGESTREL
Authors: BAIER H. , DUERNER G. + , QUINKERT G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAufbauend auf frühere Arbeiten wird die Synthese der oralen Kontrazeptiva Norgestrel (XIIIa) und Norethindron (XIIIb) beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF 12‐OXO DERIVATIVES OF SOME BILE ACIDS
Authors: MICKOVA R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBei der Reaktion der lZ‐Oxo‐cholensäurederivate (Ia) und (Ib) nach A) erhält man die 12‐Hydroxyverbindungen (Ic) und (Id) als Isomerengemische (1 :l).
ChemInform Abstract: BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS. SYNTHESIS OF TN GLYCOPEPTIDES REPRESENTING THE N‐TERMINUS OF HUMAN GLYCOPHORIN AN AND AMC
Authors: FERRARI B. , PAVIA A. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Synthese der Titelverbindungen, der TN‐glykosylierten Pentapeptide (V) bzw. (IX), geht vom Threoninylglykosid (I) erhältlich durch Kondensation von tri‐O‐benzylierter 2‐Desoxy‐2‐azido‐galaktose mit dem entsprechenden Threoninderivat in Gegenwart von Trifluormethansulfonsäureanhydrid) aus, das zunächst, nach konventionellen Aufbaumethoden, in das triglykosylierte Tetrapeptid (IIa) bzw. (nachfolgende Deblockierung) (IIb) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF α,β‐DEHYDRO‐β‐AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES BY TIN‐PROMOTED ADDITION OF MALONATES TO SIMPLE NITRILES
Authors: SCAVO F. , HELQUIST P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn Gegenwart von Zinntetrachlorid erhält man aus Malonsäuredimethylester (I) und Nitrilen (II) die Enamine (III), die auch aus Brommalonsäureester (IV) erhalten werden können, was am Beispiel von (IIIc) gezeigt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF PARTIALLY ACYLATED ALDOHEXOPYRANOSIDES. PART III. A CONTRIBUTION N TO THE PREPARATION AND CHEMISTRY OF 3,2‐ENOLONES
Authors: KLAUSENER A. , RUNSINK J. , SCHARF H.‐D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie aus den Ulosen (I) dargestellten 2,3‐Enolone (II) addieren unter Basenkatalyse Alkohole zu den Verbindungen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: CONSTRUCTION OF INDOLIZIDINE AND QUINOLIZIDINE RING SYSTEMS BY AN INTRAMOLECULAR 1‐AZA‐1,3‐DIENE DIELS‐ALDER REACTION. SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐EPILUPININE
Authors: IHARA M. , KIRIHARA T. , FUKUMOTO K. , KAMETANI T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie aus dem Amin (I) und den Säurechloriden (II) zugänglichen Amide (III) und (IV) werden über (V) durch Wittig‐Reaktion mit (VI) in die ungesättigten Ester (VII) übergefuhrt, deren in situ hergestellte O‐Silyl‐amid‐Derivate in einer intramolekularcn Diels‐ Alder‐Reaktion zu den Indolizidinen (VIII) und (IX) (als Nebenprodukte) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleoside von Fluorzuckern. 15. Mitt. Synthese von 2′,3′‐Didesoxy‐3′‐fluor‐D‐ribofuranosyl‐benzimidazol ‐ ein neues Fluorzucker‐Purinnucleosidanalogon.
Authors: DYATKINA N. B. , ALEKSANDROVA L. A. , VON JANTA‐LIPINSKI M. , LANGEN P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIm Zusammenhang mit Untersuchungen des Einflusses von synthetischen Purinanalogen mit Fluorzuckem auf Polymerasesysteme werden die beiden Anomeren (III) und (IV) der Titelverbindung aus dem Thymidin (I) und Benzimidazol (II) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: A ROUTE TO THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF ISO‐LTB4 SYSTEM
Authors: PIRILLO D. , GAZZANIGA A. , LEGGERI P. , GIACCONE P. , TRAVERSO G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas iso‐Leukotrien B4 (IX) wird als Diastereomerengemisch auf dem im Formelschema skizzierten Weg durch Wittig‐Kondensation von (VII) und (III) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐11‐DEOXYDAUNOMYCINONE VIA REGIOSELECTIVE TANDEM DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS
Authors: TORNARE J.‐M. , VOGEL P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAusgehend von der Reaktion zwischen dem Tetraen (I) und der Carbonsäure (II) läßt sich auf dem beschriebenen Weg mit jeweils hoher Regio‐ oder Stereoselektivität bezüglich der Zwischenstufen das Racemat des Daunomycinonderivats (VII) herstellen, welches nach bekannter Methode in die Titelverbindung übergeführt werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW ANTHRACYCLINES SYNTHESIS: ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION, RATE OF GLYCOSIDE ELIMINATION
Authors: ANNE A. , BENNANI F. , FLORENT J.‐C. , MOIROUX J. , MONNERET C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas aus (I) hergestellte Glykosid (III) wird stufenweise zu (IVa) bzw. (IVb) hydrolysiert.
ChemInform Abstract: CHIRAL SYNTHESIS OF THE DEF‐RING SYSTEM OF NOGALAMYCIN
Authors: KAWASKI M. , MATSUDA F. , TERASHIMA S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNogalamycin (Ia) und die Grundverbindung (Ib) sind wegen ihrer großen tumorhemmenden Wirkung bei ‐ verglichen mit Adriarnycin ‐ geringerer Cardiotoxizität von Interesse.
ChemInform Abstract: CONJUGATE ADDITION OF LITHIUM METHYLCUPRATES TO A GIBBERELLIN‐1(10)EN‐2‐ONE: PREPARATION OF 10‐EPI‐GIBBERELLIN A53
Authors: BEALE M. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAusgehend von der Reaktion des nach bekannter Methode aus Gibberellin A3 erhältlichen Enons (I) mit dem Li‐cuprat (II) wird über die Stufen (III), (VI) und (VIII) die Titelverbindung (XI) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SN2 AND SN2′ ALKYLATION OF SOME GIBBERELLIN ALLYLIC LACTONES BY LITHIUM METHYLCUPRATES
Authors: BEALE M. H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDer Ester (I) wird mit den Li‐cupraten (III), (VI) und (VII) umgesetzt, wobei die im Formelschema aufgeführten methylierten Produkte entstehen.
Targeting Different Transthyretin Binding Sites with Unusual Natural Compounds
Authors: Ortore Gabriella , Orlandini Elisabetta , Braca Alessandra , Ciccone Lidia , Rossello Armando , Martinelli Adriano , Nencetti Susanna 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMisfolding and aggregation of the transthyretin (TTR) protein leads to certain forms of amyloidosis. Some nutraceuticals, such as flavonoids and natural polyphenols, have recently been investigated as modulators of the self‐assembly process of TTR, but they generally suffer from limited bioavailability. To discover innovative and more bioavailable natural compounds able to inhibit TTR amyloid formation, a docking study was performed using the crystallographic structure of TTR. This computational strategy was projected as an ad hoc inspection of the possible relationship between binding site location and modulation of the assembly process; interactions with the as‐yet‐unexplored epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) sites and with the thyroxine (T4) pocket were simultaneously analyzed. All the compounds studied seem to prefer the traditional T4 binding site, but some interesting results emerged from the screening of an in‐house database, used for validating the computational protocol, and of the Herbal Ingredients Targets (HIT) catalogue available on the ZINC database.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1‐Methyl‐1H‐indole–Pyrazoline Hybrids as Potential Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Liang , Qin Ya‐Juan , Tang Dan‐Jie , Yang Meng‐Ru , Li Bo‐Yan , Wang Yan‐Ting , Cai Hong‐Yu , Wang Bao‐Zhong , Zhu Hai‐Liang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA series of 1‐methyl‐1H‐indole–pyrazoline hybrids were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors. Among them, compound e19 [5‐(5‐bromo‐1‐methyl‐1H‐indol‐3‐yl)‐3‐(3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl)‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazole‐1‐carboxamide] showed the most potent inhibitory effect on tubulin assembly (IC50=2.12 μm) and in vitro growth inhibitory activity against a panel of four human cancer cell lines (IC50 values of 0.21–0.31 μm). Further studies confirmed that compound e19 can induce HeLa cell apoptosis, cause cell‐cycle arrest in G2/M phase, and disrupt the cellular microtubule network. These studies, along with molecular docking and 3D‐QSAR modeling, provide an important basis for further optimization of compound e19 as a potential anticancer agent.
The ProTides Boom
Authors: Mehellou Youcef 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe masking of nucleoside phosphate and phosphonate groups by an aryl motif and an amino acid ester, nowadays known as the ‘ProTide’ technology, has proven to be effective in the discovery of nucleotide therapeutics. Indeed, this technology, which was invented by Chris McGuigan in the early 1990s, has inspired the discovery of two FDA‐approved antiviral nucleotide drugs, and many more are currently undergoing (pre)clinical development. The usefulness of this technology in the discovery of nucleotide therapeutics is showcased in this Highlight by discussing the ProTides development and the various ProTides that have reached clinical trials.
Development of Photovoltaic Devices Based on Near Infrared Quantum Dots and Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Tan Long , Li Pandeng , Sun Baoquan , Chaker Mohamed , Ma Dongling 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFor decades, solution‐processable, light absorbing semiconductor materials of quantum dots (QDs) and conjugated polymers have been extensively studied in third‐generation photovoltaic (PV) devices, targeting both high efficiency and low cost, due to their various advantages. It is promising to fabricate PV devices by further combining near infrared (NIR) QDs and conjugated polymers, which can potentially merge the respective advantages of both polymers and inorganic nanomaterials in mechanical flexibility, specific weight, light absorption and photostability. In this review article, we first present the application of NIR QDs in organic solar cells built upon traditional polymers. Exciton dissociation and charge carrier transport are described, and strategies for improving the performance of these devices are analyzed. Then, the developments of NIR QDs‐polymer hybrid solar cells based on recently developed low‐bandgap polymers are summarized. Finally, future perspectives are discussed.
A Lithium‐Ion Battery with Enhanced Safety Prepared using an Environmentally Friendly Process
Authors: Mueller Franziska , Loeffler Nicholas , Kim Guk‐Tae , Diemant Thomas , Behm R. Jürgen , Passerini Stefano 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA new lithium‐ion battery chemistry is presented based on a conversion–alloying anode material, a carbon‐coated Fe‐doped ZnO (TMO‐C), and a LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC) cathode. Both electrodes were fabricated using an environmentally friendly cellulose‐based binding agent. The performance of the new lithium‐ion battery was evaluated with a conventional, carbonate‐based electrolyte (ethylene carbonate:diethyl carbonate–1 m lithium hexafluorophosphate, EC:DEC 1 m LiPF6) and an ionic liquid (IL)‐based electrolyte (N‐butyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide–0.2 m lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, Pyr14TFSI 0.2 m LiTFSI), respectively. Galvanostatic charge/discharge tests revealed a reduced rate capability of the TMO‐C/Pyr14TFSI 0.2 m LiTFSI/NMC full‐cell compared to the organic electrolyte, but the coulombic efficiency was significantly enhanced. Moreover, the IL‐based electrolyte substantially improves the safety of the system due to a higher thermal stability of the formed anodic solid electrolyte interphase and the IL electrolyte itself. While the carbonate‐based electrolyte shows sudden degradation reactions, the IL exhibits a slowly increasing heat flow, which does not constitute a serious safety risk.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Non‐covalent Functionalized with Zinc Tetra Phenyl Porphyrin Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine in Human Serum and Rat Brain Samples
Authors: Sakthinathan Subramanian , Kubendhiran Subbiramaniyan , Chen Shen Ming , Manibalan Kesavan , Govindasamy Mani , Tamizhdurai P. , Huang Sheng Tung 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe described the use of a nanocomposite consisting of reduced graphene oxide and zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (RGO/Zn‐TPP) for electrochemical sensing of dopamine (DA). The surface of RGO was homogeneously functionalized with Zn‐TPP via non‐covalent π‐π interaction. The nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, UV‐Vis spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The electroanalysis behavior of the nanocomposite was studied by cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. The excellent electrocatalytic activity is found for oxidation of DA, best at working voltage of 0.214 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) and linear response range of 0.04–238.8 μM. The sensitivity and detection limit were of 0.665 μA µM−1 cm−2and 3 nM, respectrively. The electrode is well reproducible, stable, and represents a viable platform for the analysis of DA in DA injection, human serum and rat brain sample.
Tackling Mg alloy corrosion by natural polymer coatings—A review
Authors: Heise Svenja , Virtanen Sannakaisa , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe field of protective coatings for magnesium and its alloys (e.g., AZ31) using natural polymers is reviewed. Polymers utilized are broadly divided into polysaccharides and proteins. For both polymer classes examples are given focusing on coating processing and characterization. Several analysing methods reported in literature are summarized highlighting the different characterization approaches applied in different studies, which makes difficult a direct comparison of the outcomes. In most cases, the protective behavior of coatings was determined using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy or by assessing hydrogen evolution in different fluids. Mechanical tests and in vitro cell culture studies have been also carried out on selected coating systems. Overall, the results show the possibility of applying protective coatings based on natural polymers on magnesium and its alloys, however, in vivo investigations are scarce so that long‐term results in relevant conditions are not yet available. A comparison with the use of synthetic polymers is presented and current challenges and areas for future research are discussed, highlighting the need for further investigations in the field, which should enable broadening the applications of Mg and Mg alloys in medicine. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2628–2641, 2016.
PTSD and Romantic Relationship Satisfaction: Cluster‐ and Symptom‐Level Analyses
Authors: LeBlanc Nicole J. , Dixon Louise , Robinaugh Donald J. , Valentine Sarah E. , Bosley Hannah G. , Gerber Monica W. , Marques Luana 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated bidirectional associations between posttraumatric stress disorder (PTSD) and romantic relationship dissatisfaction. Most of these studies were focused at the level of the disorder, examining the association between relationship dissatisfaction and having a diagnosis of PTSD or the total of PTSD symptoms endorsed. This disorder‐level approach is problematic for trauma theorists who posit symptom‐level mechanisms for these effects. In the present study, we examined the prospective, bidirectional associations between PTSD symptom clusters (e.g., reexperiencing) and relationship satisfaction using the data from 101 previously studied individuals who had had a recent motor vehicle accident. We also conducted exploratory analyses examining the prospective, bidirectional associations between individual PTSD symptoms and relationship satisfaction. Participants had completed the PTSD Checklist‐Civilian Version and the Relationship Assessment Scale at 4, 10, and 16 weeks after the MVA. We performed time‐lagged mixed‐effects regressions to examine the effect of lagged relationship satisfaction on PTSD clusters and symptoms, and vice versa. No cluster effects were significant after controlling for a false discovery rate. Relationship satisfaction predicted prospective decreases in reliving the trauma (d = 0.42), emotional numbness (d = 0.46), and irritability (d = 0.49). These findings were consistent with the position that relationship satisfaction affects PTSD through symptom‐level mechanisms.
The Lilliput effect in crinoids at the end of the Oceanic Anoxic Event 2: a case study from Poland
Authors: Brom Krzysztof R. , Salamon Mariusz A. , Ferré Bruno , Brachaniec Tomasz , Szopa Krzysztof 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Cretaceous Period (145–66 Ma) consisted of several oceanic anoxic events (120–80 Ma), stimulated by global greenhouse effects. The Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2) occurred worldwide from the late Cenomanian to the early-middle Turonian, causing a significant faunal turnover, mostly in marine biota, pushing some species to the brink of extinction. Some organisms also underwent morphological changes, including reduction in size. This anoxic event drove other changes—e.g., in habitats or strategy of life. We show that stalkless crinoids (comatulids) from the Turonian of Poland adapted to unfavorable environmental conditions by reducing their body size. Furthermore, at the moment when environmental factors became favorable again, these crinoids regained their regular (pre-event) size. This phenomenon likely illustrates the so-called dwarfing mode of the Lilliput effect.
A Borophagine canid (Carnivora: Canidae: Borophaginae) from the middle Miocene Chesapeake Group of eastern North America
Authors: Jasinski Steven E. , Wallace Steven C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA tooth recovered from the middle Miocene Choptank Formation (Chesapeake Group) of Maryland is identified as a new cynarctin borophagine (Canidae: Borophaginae: Cynarctina), here called Cynarctus wangi n. sp. The tooth, identified as a right upper second molar, represents the first carnivoran material reported from the Choptank Formation and part of a limited record of borophagine canids from eastern North America. As ?Cynarctus marylandica (Berry, 1938), another cynarctin borophagine from the older Calvert Formation, is known only from lower dentition, its generic affinities are uncertain. However, features of this new material are compared to features of ?C. marylandica through occlusal relationships, allowing for referral to a distinct species. Even so, the Choptank Formation material still offers two possible scenarios regarding its identification. In one, its geographic and stratigraphic provenance could imply that it belongs to ?C. marylandica. If this were correct, then the generic placement of ?C. marylandica would be correct and the taxon would be more derived than some other Cynarctus species in regard to hypocarnivory, and less derived than others. The second possibility, and the one believed to be most probable, is that a distinct cynarctin borophagine is present in the Chesapeake Group in strata younger than the type specimen of ?C. marylandica. This new borophagine canid expands the sparse fossil record of this group in northeastern North America and furthers our knowledge of the fossil record of terrestrial taxa in this region.