bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indian Ocean humpback dolphin (Sousa plumbea) movement patterns along the South African coast
Authors: Vermeulen Els , Bouveroux Thibaut , Plön Stephanie , Atkins Shanan , Chivell Wilfred , Cockcroft Vic , Conry Danielle , Gennari Enrico , Hörbst Sandra , James Bridget S. , Kirkman Stephen , Penry Gwenith , Pistorius Pierre , Thornton Meredith , Vargas‐Fonseca O. Alejandra , Elwen Simon H. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

The Indian Ocean humpback dolphin was recently uplisted to ‘Endangered’ in the recent South African National Red List assessment. Abundance estimates are available from a number of localized study sites, but knowledge of movement patterns and population linkage between these sites is poor. A national research collaboration, the SouSA project, was established in 2016 to address this key knowledge gap. Twenty identification catalogues collected between 2000 and 2016 in 13 different locations were collated and compared.
Photographs of 526 humpback dolphins (all catalogues and photos) were reduced to 337 individuals from 12 locations after data selection. Of these, 90 matches were found for 61 individuals over multiple sites, resulting in 247 uniquely, well‐marked humpback dolphins identified in South Africa.
Movements were observed along most of the coastline studied. Ranging distances had a median value of 120 km and varied from 30 km up to 500 km. Long‐term site fidelity was also evident in the data. Dolphins ranging along the south coast of South Africa seem to form one single population at the western end of the species' global range.
Current available photo‐identification data suggested national abundance may be well below previous estimates of 1000 individuals, with numbers possibly closer to 500. Bearing in mind the poor conservation status of the species in the country, the development of a national Biodiversity Management Plan aimed at ensuring the long‐term survival of the species in South Africa is strongly recommended. At the same time, increased research efforts are essential, particularly to allow for an in‐depth assessment of population numbers and drivers of changes therein.
The present study clearly indicates the importance of scientific collaboration when investigating highly mobile and endangered species.
Synthesis, antitumor activity evaluation, and DNA‐binding study of coumarin‐based agents
Authors: Amin Kamilia M. , Taha Aly M. , George Riham F. , Mohamed Nada M. , Elsenduny Fardous F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA novel series of coumarin‐thiadiazole heterocycle derivatives was synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution reaction. The synthesized compounds were structurally verified by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analyses. The antitumor activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated through DNA binding assays and the 60‐cell line panel according to the US NCI‐DTP protocol or a selection of human tumor cell lines: breast cancer (MCF‐7), liver cancer (HepG‐2), and colorectal cancer (HCT‐116). Most of the compounds had better DNA/ethidium bromide fluorescence quenching rather than methyl green displacement, suggesting superior DNA intercalation over DNA groove binding. Compounds 8 and 14b showed the best quenching effect with KSV = 4.27 × 105 M−1. Moreover, the results for compounds 8, 4c, and 4e revealed a possible dual DNA binding mode with the intercalation to be superior, with KSV 4.27 × 105, 3.96 × 105, and 3.51 × 105 M−1, respectively, compared to 42%, 45%, and 43% methyl green displacement, respectively. Out of the 60‐cell line panel, the leukemia HL‐60 cell line was the most susceptible to growth inhibition when treated with 14a, resulting in 61% growth, followed by the lung carcinoma cell line NCI‐H522 showing 67% growth when treated with 9. Moreover, compound 10c had an IC50 value of 24.9 μg/mL against the HepG‐2 cell line.
Determining the quantity and quality of biomass obtained from the thinning of Turkish red pine stands
Authors: Eker Mehmet , Spinelli Raffaele , Gürlevik Nevzat 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRed pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) is the most common tree species in Turkey, where it covers almost 6 million hectares. The first thinning of red pine stands is a fundamental tending measure that may yield between 4 and 12 dry tons of biomass per hectare. While this is not a very large amount per se, it is larger than obtained from the recovery of logging residues from final felling operations, which have represented the main subject of previous studies. What is more, valorization of the non‐commercial biomass component can boost work productivity and increase owner revenues, with strong benefits on the financial sustainability of an operation that normally incurs substantial cost and tends to be neglected. Therefore, increased use of biomass can support proper tending of young stands and a general improvement of their quality and future value. The study also indicates that small‐tree size favors whole‐tree harvesting, even when performed with animal or manual power, as customary in Turkey and in most developing economies. Whole‐tree chipping is probably the best option in stands growing on poor yield sites, whereas multi‐product harvesting is advisable on good yield sites. This study addresses specifically Turkish red pine, but it frames a general paradigm that applies to most forest stands and countries, and as such it can be generalized to a great extent. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of maternal exposure to ethiprole in F1‐generation mice
Authors: Tanaka Toyohito , Suzuki Toshinari , Inomata Akiko 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundFew published studies are reported for neurobehavioral toxicity of the phenylpyrazole insecticide ethiprole in mammals. This study was designed to evaluate the reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of maternal exposure to ethiprole in mice.MethodsEthiprole was given in the diet to provide levels of 0 (control), 0.0002, 0.001, and 0.005% during the gestation and lactation periods. Selected reproductive and neurobehavioral parameters were measured in the F1 generation.ResultsNo adverse effect of ethiprole was observed in litter size, litter weight, or sex ratio at birth. The average body weight of male and female offspring was increased significantly in treatment groups at postnatal day (PND) 21. With respect to behavioral developmental parameters, the time of olfactory orientation on PND 14 of male offspring was accelerated significantly in the high‐dose group. For movement activity of exploratory behavior of female offspring in the F1 generation, number of horizontal activities increased significantly in the high‐dose group and the average speed declined significantly in all treatment groups. After weaning, the rearing time and the average time of rearing lengthened in a significant dose‐related trend in adult males and females of the F1 generation. Spontaneous behavior examination indicated that total distance and rearing time increased in the high‐dose group, and number of horizontal activities and movement time decreased in a significant dose‐related trend through 120 min in the F1‐generation females.ConclusionsThe high‐dose level of ethiprole in the present study produced several adverse effects in neurobehavioral parameters after weaning without administration in mice.
Real life experience with bioresorbable‐polymer everolimus‐eluting stents. Is this an answer in search of a question?
Authors: Rahban Youssef , Kimmelstiel Carey 
Published: November 2017

Key Points

Stent thrombosis and clinically driven restenosis are rare in the era of newer generation DES.
The Synergy bioresorbable polymer DES appears to be comparable to other durable polymer and other bioabsorbable polymer DES in terms of safety and efficacy at 1‐year post implantation.
Further long‐term study is needed to determine the specific role of the Synergy stent and other DES with bioabsorbable polymers.
Infrapopliteal peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia: The time has come for collaborative, streamlined diagnostic, and treatment paradigms
Authors: Levy Michael S. 
Published: November 2017

Key Points

The diagnosis, surveillance, and management of infrapopliteal critical limb ischemia remain inconsistent among clinicians.
This study demonstrates that using an absolute ankle pressure of >73 mm Hg or an absolute toe pressure increase of 1 mm Hg or greater post endovascular intervention in patients with infrapopliteal critical limb ischemia may be predictive of a reduction in target limb revascularization, amputation, and death.
This study highlights the need for vascular societies to come together to promote standardized screening, surveillance, and treatment paradigms for this complex population.
Are new devices required to reduce contrast load in the cath lab, or is behavioral change sufficient?
Authors: Rogers Toby , Satler Lowell F. 
Published: November 2017

Key Points

A novel device that diverts a proportion of contrast injected by hand through the manifold can potentially reduce volume of contrast delivered to the patient by almost 50% to reduce risk of contrast‐induced nephropathy.
Another simple solution to reducing contrast volume is to limit the number of angiographic views and cine runs acquired.
A conscious effort by the angiographer to limit the contrast volume to less than the eGFR should be considered.
Bulk Production of Non‐Precious Metal Catalysts with High Surface Area and Excellent Activity in the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Hou Bei‐Hua , Wang Qiang , Lu Wen‐Chao , Xiao Yao , Zhang Hai‐Xia , Liao Min‐Ji , Zhu Zi‐Chun , Chen Ping 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDeveloping oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) electrocatalysts, which have non‐precious metal or metal‐free features, high performance, and stability to enhance the whole price/performance ratio, has become a great challenge in the practical application of fuel cells and zinc−air batteries. Here, we report the bulk preparation of the N, Fe co‐doped carbon with high surface area (NFe−C‐HSA). The typical catalyst has a three‐dimension network structure. The N, Fe co‐doped nanoporous carbon material has a very high surface area, with a Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface area of 1776.68 m2 g−1, and a total pore volume of 1.58 cm3 g−1. NFe−C‐HSA exhibits superior ORR activity to state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C (20 %) catalyst and excellent stability in alkaline media as well as high ORR activity in acidic media. In the practical application of Zn−air batteries, NFe−C‐HAS also has superior performance to Pt/C (20 %). Owing to the high surface area and co‐doping of nitrogen and iron elements, the prepared nanoporous carbon material may have other applications in many fields such as supercapacitors, sewage treatment, sensors, gas uptake, and so on.
A Valence‐Delocalised Osmium Dimer capable of Dinitrogen Photocleavage: Ab Initio Insights into Its Electronic Structure
Authors: Krewald Vera , González Leticia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe search for molecular catalysts that efficiently activate or cleave the dinitrogen molecule is an active field of research. While many thermal dinitrogen cleavage catalysts are known, the photochemical activation of N2 has received considerably less attention. In this paper, the first computational study of the osmium dimer [Os(II,III)2(μ‐N2)(NH3)10]5+, which was shown to be capable of dinitrogen photocleavage, is presented. Despite its deceptively simple geometry, it has a complex electronic structure with a valence‐delocalized and electronically degenerate ground state. Using multiconfigurational methods, the electronic structure at the ground state geometry and along the dinitrogen cleavage coordinate was investigated. The results indicate that an unoccupied molecular orbital with σ‐bonding character between osmium and μ‐N atoms and σ‐antibonding dinitrogen character is most affected by N–N distance elongation. This implies that a lower barrier for thermal or photochemical N2 activation in linear M‐N‐N‐M complexes can be achieved by lowering the energetic separation between this unoccupied orbital and the HOMO, representing a specific target for future catalyst design.
Biomass‐Derived N‐doped Carbon Materials with Silica‐Supported Ultrasmall ZnO Nanoparticles: Robust Catalysts for the Green Synthesis of Benzimidazoles
Authors: Chen Bo , Zhang Chan , Niu Libo , Shi Xiaozhen , Zhang Huiling , Lan Xingwang , Bai Guoyi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUltrasmall ZnO nanoparticles anchored on N‐doped carbon materials with a silica support (ZnO/SiO2‐NC) were fabricated from chitosan and metal ions by using a one‐pot self‐assembly strategy and were successfully applied to the synthesis of 2‐arylbenzimidazoles under mild conditions. These catalysts showed excellent stability and could be used six times without any loss of conversion and selectivity. The use of silica gel and the biomass chitosan as a source of hydrophilic N‐doped carbon materials facilitated the uniform dispersion of the ZnO nanoparticles in methanol and therefore the contact of these nanoparticles with reactants, thus contributing to a high catalytic performance. TEM analysis showed that the ZnO nanoparticles were around 2.55 nm in diameter and uniformly distributed on the support surface. The binding behavior of ZnO and N‐doped carbon materials affected the catalytic activity. Interestingly, temperature‐programmed NH3 desorption indicated that the interactions between ZnO and N‐doped carbon materials might induce the presence of more acidic sites in these catalysts, thus resulting in enhanced activity and hence promoting this transformation.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Selective Cage B−H Functionalization of o‐Carboranes
Authors: Quan Yangjian , Qiu Zaozao , Xie Zuowei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCarboranes are a class of carbon–boron molecular clusters with unusual thermal and chemical stabilities. They have been proved as very useful building blocks in supramolecular design, optoelectronics, nanomaterials, boron neutron capture therapy agents and organometallic/coordination chemistry. Thus, the functionalization of o‐carboranes has received growing interests. Over the past decades, most of the works in this area have been focused on cage carbon functionalization as the weakly acidic cage C−H proton can be readily deprotonated by strong bases. In sharp contrast, selective cage B−H activation/functionalization among chemically very similar ten B−H vertices is very challenging. Considering the differences in electron density of ten cage B−H bonds in o‐carborane and the nature of transition metal complexes, we have tackled this selectivity issue by means of organometallic chemistry. Our strategy is as follows: using electron‐rich transition metal catalysts for the functionalization of the most electron‐deficient B(3,6)−H vertices (bonded to both cage CH vertices); using electron‐deficient transition‐metal catalysts for the functionalization of relatively electron‐rich B(8,9,10,12)−H vertices (with no bonding to both cage CH vertices); and using the combination of directing groups and electrophilic transition metal catalysts for the functionalization of B(4,5,7,11)−H vertices (bonded to only one cage CH vertex). Successful applications of such a strategy result in the preparation of a large variety of cage B‐functionalized carboranes in a regioselective and catalytic manner, which are inaccessible by other means. It is believed that as this field progresses, other cage B‐functionalized carboranes are expected to be synthesized, and the results detailed in this concept article will further these efforts.
Transition metals cobaltites spinel for depollution of NOx emissions using SCR technology
Authors: Yadav Deepak , Kavaiya Ashish R. , Mohan Devendra , Prasad Ram 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe catalytic performances of various transition metal (M = Cu, Mn, and Ni) cobaltites prepared by the nanocasting method were investigated for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO under lean burn conditions. KIT‐6 was used as a hard template in the nanocasting method for preparation of catalysts. The catalyst samples were characterized by various techniques such as XRD, low‐temperature N2 physisorption, SEM‐EDS, and XPS. The catalysts were examined for the SCR of NO by NH3 and H2‐LPG in a packed bed tubular flow reactor under the following reaction conditions: 500 ppm NO, 8 % O2, (0.1 % NH3) or (1000 ppm LPG, 1 % H2) in Ar with 200 mg catalyst. The inlet and outlet gases of the reactor were analyzed by an Eco Physics CLD 62 chemiluminescence NO/NOx analyzer and online GC. NO and NO2 measurements were done by an Eco Physics CLD 62 chemiluminescence NO/NOx analyzer. Two separate GCs equipped with Porapak Q/capillary columns and FID/ECD detectors were used to analyze the hydrocarbons/−N2O respectively. The addition of 1 % H2 with LPG promoted NO reduction at a remarkably low temperature. It was found that the nature of the dispersed metal strongly affects the light‐off temperature (52 °C) and enhances NO conversion. The oxygen‐deficient MnCo2O4 spinel structure enhanced NO reduction (87.1 %) at a lower temperature of 250 °C as compared to Cu and Ni cobaltites using H2‐LPG‐SCR. The H2‐LPG reductant showed the best de‐NOx activity and the order of catalyst activity followed the sequence: MnCo2O4 > CuCo2O4 > NiCo2O4.
Hospital quality, patient risk, and Medicare expenditures for cancer surgery
Authors: Shubeck Sarah P. , Thumma Jyothi R. , Dimick Justin B. , Nathan Hari 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUNDSurgical resection is a cornerstone of curative‐intent therapy for patients with solid organ malignancies. With increasing attention paid to the costs of surgical care, there is a new focus on variations in the costs of cancer surgery. This study evaluated the potential interactive effect of hospital quality and patient risk on expenditures for cancer resections.METHODSWith 100% Medicare claim data for 2010‐2013, patients aged 65 to 99 years who had undergone cancer resection were identified. Medicare payments were calculated for the surgical episode from the index admission through 30 days after discharge. Risk‐ and reliability‐adjusted hospital rates of serious complications and mortality within 30 days of the index operation were assessed to categorize high‐ and low‐quality hospitals.RESULTSThere was no difference in patient characteristics between the highest and lowest quality hospitals. There were substantial increases in expenditures for procedures performed at the lowest quality hospitals for each procedure. Increased expenditures at the lowest quality hospitals were found for all patients, but they were highest for the highest risk patients. At low‐quality hospitals, low‐risk patients undergoing pancreatectomy had payments of $29,080, whereas high‐risk patients had average payments of $62,687; this was a difference of $33,607 per patient episode.CONCLUSIONSTotal episode expenditures for cancer resections were lower when care was delivered at low‐complication, high‐quality hospitals. Expenditure differences were particularly large for high‐risk patients, and this suggests that the selective referral of high‐risk patients to high‐quality centers may be an effective strategy for optimizing value in cancer surgery. Cancer 2018;124:826‐32. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Convergent, incremental, and criterion‐related validity of multi‐informant assessments of adolescents' fears of negative and positive evaluation
Authors: Karp Jeremy N. , Makol Bridget A. , Keeley Lauren M. , Qasmieh Noor , Deros Danielle E. , Weeks Justin W. , Racz Sarah J. , Lipton Melanie F. , Augenstein Tara M. , De Los Reyes Andres 
Published: November 2017

Adolescents who experience social anxiety tend to hold fears about negative evaluations (e.g., taunting) and may also hold fears about positive evaluations (e.g., praise from a teacher). The Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation (BFNE) scale and Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale (FPES) are 2 widely used measures of adults' evaluative concerns. Yet we know little about their psychometric properties when assessing adolescents. In a mixed clinical/community sample of 96 adolescents (66.7% female; M = 14.50 years, SD = 0.50; 63.3% African American), we examined both self‐report and parent report versions of the BFNE and FPES. Adolescents and parents also provided reports about adolescents on survey measures of social anxiety and depressive symptoms. Adolescents participated in multiple social interactions in which they self‐reported their state arousal before and during the tasks. Adolescent and parent BFNE and FPES reports distinguished adolescents who displayed elevated social anxiety from those who did not. Both informants' reports related to survey measures of adolescent social anxiety, when accounting for domains that commonly co‐occur with social anxiety (i.e., depressive symptoms). Further, both the BFNE and FPES displayed incremental validity in relation to survey measures of adolescent social anxiety, relative to each other. However, only adolescents' BFNE and FPES reports predicted adolescents' self‐reported arousal within social interactions, and only adolescents' FPES displayed incremental validity in predicting self‐reported arousal, relative to their BFNE. Adolescent and parent BFNE and FPES reports display convergent validity and in some cases incremental and criterion‐related validity. These findings have important implications for evidence‐based assessments of adolescents' evaluative concerns.
Comparative study of anxiety and depression following maxillofacial and orthopedic injuries. Study from a Nigerian University Teaching Hospital
Authors: Braimah Ramat Oyebunmi , Ukpong Dominic Ignatius , Ndukwe Kizito Chioma , Akinyoola Akinyele Lawrence 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study hopes to compare levels of anxiety and depression in the maxillofacial and orthopedic injured patients over a period of 12 weeks. This was a prospective, repeated measure design. A total of 160 participants (80 with maxillofacial and 80 with long bone fractures) had repeated review follow‐ups within 1 week of arrival in the hospital (Time 1), 4–8 weeks after initial contact (Time 2) and 10–12 weeks thereafter (Time 3), using hospital anxiety and depression scale questionnaire. Road traffic accident remained the main cause of injury in both groups of subjects. The Hospital anxiety and Depression scale detected 42 (52.5%) cases of depression at baseline, 36 (47.4%) cases at Time 2, and 14 (18.4%) cases at Time 3 in the maxillofacial injured group. In the long bone fracture subjects, 47 (58.8%) cases were depressed at baseline, 23(33.3%) cases at Time 2, and only 5 (7.2%) cases at Time 3. Both groups showed reduction in depression levels with time. Fifty‐six (70.0%) had anxiety at baseline, 32 (42.1%) at Time 2, and only 9 (11.8%) had anxiety at Time 3 in the maxillofacial fracture group, whereas in the long bone fracture group, 69 (86.3%) subjects were anxious at baseline, 32 (46.4%) at Time 2, and 22 (31.9%) at Time 3. There were significant differences in depression and anxiety level in both the maxillofacial and the long bone fracture subjects at baseline (Time 1), Time 2(4–8 weeks) and Time 3(10–12 weeks).