bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General Practitioner Acceptance of Medication Review in Sydney Nursing Homes
Authors: Smith Margaret A , Simpson Judy M , Benrimoj Shalom I 
Published: March 2016

Objectives: To conduct a one‐off medication review in nursing homes, ascertain the medication problems and determine why recommendations made by the pharmacist conducting the review were not implemented by general practitioners.Setting: Fourteen nursing homes in the Northern Sydney area that did not already have a pharmacist reviewing medication charts agreed to participate.Method: Twenty‐one general practitioners were recruited, each with at least eight residents in the participating nursing homes. The medication charts of 202 residents were reviewed once by an independent, accredited pharmacist, who then discussed potential problems with the resident's general practitioner. The number of changes, and reasons for changes to drug therapy were detailed from the time of notification of the review to the time the review was undertaken (six weeks), and also at the six‐week follow‐up. For the latter period, changes recommended by the reviewer were distinguished from those made by the general practitioner independently of the pharmacist. A comparison of community pharmacy and nursing home records was also undertaken.Results: General practitioners made 148 changes to drug therapy in 60 of the 202 residents in the six‐week period between notification and commencement of the review. Clinical reasons were evident for almost all these changes. The mean numbers of regular and ‘as required’ medications per resident on the day of the review were 3.9 and 1.5 respectively. A median reduction of 0.5 doses of regular medication per resident was observed (P > 0.001). The reviewing pharmacist made 280 recommendations and 141 (50%) of these were accepted by the general practitioners. Pathology tests and clinical signs assessments (e.g. blood pressure measurement) were recommended by the pharmacist on 129 occasions, but only 44 (34%) of these were accepted by the general practitioners. Changes to therapy occurred in 69 residents. Only 21% of the medication records in the nursing home were identical to the community pharmacy medication records.Conclusion: General practitioners were often reluctant to change drug therapy or respond to the pharmacist's recommendation for ordering blood tests when residents were clinically stable. Government pressure on the medical profession to reduce ‘over‐servicing’ and doctors reluctance to implement an intervention that could upset the ‘status quo’ in a frail elderly resident, presented dilemmas for the pharmacist in the quest for high quality prescribing.
Improving Decision Outcomes of Drug and Therapeutics Committees
Authors: Tan Ee Lyn , Day Richard O , Brien Jo‐anne E 
Published: March 2016

Objective: To investigate the activities of the Drug and Therapeutics Committee (DTC) in Australian hospitals, a survey was conducted to determine the performance indicators being used, the application of the collected indicator data, barriers to indicator use, principal function of the DTC and resources available to the DTC.Method: A questionnaire was sent to 300 Directors of Pharmacy in Australian hospitals. The questionnaire could be returned via reply‐paid envelope or fax. Those not responding within two weeks of mail‐out were followed‐up. Returned questionnaires were de‐identified, collated and analysed.Results: The response rate was 73.3%. Of these, 127 had an in‐house DTC. The final dataset comprised 125 responses (two incomplete questionnaires excluded). The most common principal function of DTCs was ‘ensuring patient safety’ (84%). Only 16% of respondents used indicators developed specifically for DTC performance evaluation. Data collected were primarily for accreditation.Conclusion: There are barriers to fully utilising available performance indicators. Most indicator data collected are for accreditation purposes. Generally, there are a lack of resources available to support DTC operations. This may have contributed to barriers to indicator use. DTC principal functions have expanded beyond those of formulary management.
Publication Rate of Abstracts Presented at The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia 24th Federal Conference
Authors: Dooley Michael J , Singh Sanjay 
Published: March 2016

Aim: To assess the publication rate of abstracts presented at the 24th Federal Conference of The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia (SHPA) held in November 1999.Method: Abstracts of posters and papers presented at the conference were sourced from the proceedings booklet. Publication status of abstracts was determined by search in MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (IPA) and by a manual search of all editions of the Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research (formerly The Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy). Comparison was made between the rate of publication of paper and poster presentations and also between collaborative and non‐collaborative work.Results: Of the 187 papers and posters presented at the conference, 21 were subsequently identified as published, representing an overall publication rate of 11.2%. Of the 82 papers presented, 15 (18.3%) were published while only 6 (5.7%) of the 105 presented posters were published. The percentage of collaborative paper and poster abstracts published was 36.1% (13 of 36) and 8% (2 of 25) respectively. Only 4.3 % (2 of 46) of the non‐collaborative paper abstracts and 5.0% (4 of 80) of the non‐collaborative poster abstracts were published. There were 9 manuscripts that were published in The Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy (now known as the Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research).Conclusion: The publication rate of abstracts presented at the 24th Federal Conference of The Society of Hospital Pharmacists of Australia held in Perth, Western Australia in November 1999 was 11.2%. Abstracts were more likely to be published if the work was collaborative and presented as a paper.
Survey of Job Satisfaction among Pharmacists in Thailand
Authors: Plianbangchang Pinyupa 
Published: March 2016

Aim:To determine the level and contributing factors for job satisfaction among Thai pharmacists.Method:The study was conducted using a self‐administered, mailed questionnaire. The sample was randomly selected from all registered pharmacists in Thailand. Factors hypothesised to contribute to job satisfaction were: achievement in working life, good relationship with supervisor, good relationship with colleagues, good relationship with friends, appropriate work schedule, involvement in clinical activities, good work environment, satisfactory salary, job security, and career commitment.Results:The final response rate was 47.4% (61011287). Mean overall job satisfaction level was 29.9 (SD 4.6) out of a possible 40 points (75%). Stepwise regression analysis found that achievement in working life, involvement in clinical activities, appropriate work schedule, good relationships with colleagues, and satisfactory salary, together explained 52% of the total variability in job satisfaction.Conclusion:Thai pharmacists reported a reasonable level of job satisfaction. The strongest predictor for job satisfaction was achievement in working life. The results obtained from this research could be used to improve the work atmosphere in order to maximise job satisfaction for Thai pharmacists.
Survey of Implementation Levels and Pharmacy Requirements for the Continuum of Quality Use of Medicines between Hospital and Community
Authors: O'Leary Karen M , Allinson Yvonne M , Stowasser Danielle A , Dowling Helen 
Published: March 2016

Aim: To investigate the hospital pharmacy resources required and other associated implications of implementing the National Guidelines to Achieve the Continuum of Quality Use of Medicines between Hospital and Community, prepared by the Australian Pharmaceutical Advisory Council.Method: An electronic questionnaire was sent to 248 hospital pharmacy services across Australia. One section was devoted to the implementation of the guidelines for overnight admi ssions. Respondents were asked to indicate the level of compliance with each of the seven principles of the guidelines and to estimate the number of pharmacists and pharmacy support staff that would be required to fully meet the guidelines at their hospital.Results: Responses were received from 101 hospital pharmacy services. The involvement of hospital pharmacists in meeting the principles varied. Only three respondents indicated that their hospital fully met all seven principles of the guidelines for the majority of overnight admissions. Respondents indicated that transfer of information on medication usage is of limited benefit unless the information is complete, accurate, provided within a reasonable or necessary time, and provided between the appropriate healthcare professionals who were responsible for each patient's care. They also highlighted differences in the service level currently delivered to various patient groups: elective and non‐elective patients, patients admitted and discharged during normal business hours and those outside these hours, and patients perceived as ‘high risk’. Based on respondents' estimates, 867 pharmacists and 512 pharmacy support staff full‐time‐equivalent positions would be required to fully meet the guidelines for overnight admissions in these 101 hospitals.Conclusion: This study indicates that the guidelines are only partially implemented in Australian hospitals. A substantial increase in the number of pharmacists, support staff, and funding would be required for the hospital pharmacy service component to adequately support hospitals' implementation of the guidelines.
Factors Influencing Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting in New South Wales Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Kelly Maria , Kaye Karen I , Davis Sharon R , Shenfield Gillian M 
Published: March 2016

Aim: To identify predisposing and enabling factors which influence adverse drug reaction reporting by medical, nursing and pharmacy staff in New South Wales teaching hospitals.Method: A questionnaire was distributed to all doctors, nurses and pharmacists in four New South Wales teaching hospitals. Health promotion concepts were used to provide a framework for interpreting results.Results: 4808 questionnaires were distributed and 1125 (23% response rate) were returned. Approximately 16% of respondents reported that they had reported an adverse drug reaction at least once to the Australian Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee. 82% routinely asked patients about previous adverse drug reactions on admission and 95% of these respondents documented the adverse drug reaction in the medical record. Only 36% knew how to report an adverse drug reaction in their hospital. Most claimed awareness of recognised goals of adverse drug reaction reporting but many also identified erroneous goals. They were more likely to report an adverse drug reaction if it was serious or related to a new product. Predisposing factors relating to knowledge were identified as barriers to reporting by about one‐third of respondents. Factors relating to attitudes and beliefs were not identified as barriers. Disabling factors included excessive workload, forms not readily available and insufficient data.Conclusion: Knowledge appears to be a greater influence on adverse drug reaction reporting than attitudes and beliefs. Simple enabling processes, such as making forms more accessible or encouraging computerised reporting, might result in more reports. Educational initiatives should target nurses and junior medical officers.
Expanding the Role of a Pharmacy Technician in a Private Hospital
Authors: Maslanka Edyta , Leach Helen J 
Published: March 2016

Aim: To describe the introduction and expansion of the support roles of a pharmacy technician in an acute‐care private hospital.Process: Additional responsibilities to support the Pharmacistin‐ Charge included: administrative roles, pharmacy committee secretarial tasks, assistance with financial reporting, inventory checking and maintaining a technician's operating manual.Outcomes: The new tasks have been included into departmental procedures and have led to improved job satisfaction due to increased variety of tasks and enhanced recognition of skills.Conclusion: Additional support roles for pharmacy technicians could be considered in other private hospitals. This could be enhanced by a uniform work classification and continuing education support.
Snapshot of the Australian Public Hospital Pharmacy Workforce in 2003
Authors: O'Leary Karen M , Allinson Yvonne M 
Published: March 2016

Aim: To update the survey of the Australian hospital pharmacy workforce undertaken in 2001.Method: A questionnaire was sent to 303 Australian hospitals with an identified hospital pharmacy service. Data returned from 128 public hospital pharmacy services were analysed and compared to the earlier study.Results: Key findings were:
1. 107 (10%) of the 1054 establishment pharmacist full‐time equivalent positions were vacant (an improvement from 14%);
2. the vacancy rate for pharmacists had decreased in South Australia (23 to 2%) and increased in Queensland (11 to 17%);
3. 1 in 3 hospital pharmacists worked part‐time;
4. 1 in 3 hospital pharmacists had postgraduate qualifications;
5. the number of pre‐registrant positions had increased with the greatest growth in New South Wales;
6. less than 40% of pharmacy technicians had any formal qualification; and
7. more than half of the hospital pharmacy services were planning to introduce new services in the next 2 years; mostly related to improving clinical services and medication safety. This would require an additional 100 pharmacist positions.Conclusion: The percentage of vacant positions had fallen slightly since the earlier survey. While there had been some improvement in the vacant establishment pharmacist full‐time equivalent positions, over 100 pharmacist positions remain unfilled. Ongoing retention and recruitment strategies to meet anticipated demand and further reduce the number of vacancies in hospital pharmacy will be required.
Preparation and characterization of baru (Dipteryx alata Vog) nut protein isolate and comparison of its physico‐chemical properties with commercial animal and plant protein isolates
Authors: Nunes Ângela A , Favaro Simone P , Miranda Cesar H B , Neves Valdir A 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe Brazilian leguminous tree locally known in the Cerrado Biome as baru (Dipteryx alata Vog), provides a healthy edible oil source. The proteinaceous cake remaining after oil extraction could be transformed into new products to foodstuff development, such as protein concentrates and isolates, adding value to the production chain. In this study, it is described the preparation and characterization of baru nut protein isolate (BPI) from deffated baru flour, and measurements of its functional, nutritional, and thermal properties, in comparison to the more common vegetable (soybeans) and animal (casein and albumin) protein sources of the food industry.RESULTSBPI presented higher protein content than soybean, casein and albumin commercial protein isolates, despite losses of albumins and low molecular weight globulins during the isolation procedure. Thermodynamics studies suggested that BPI has a well‐conserved protein arrangement and lower thermostability than the other protein sources. BPI showed high in vitro digestibility and suitable and desirable functional properties such as water and oil absorption capacity, emulsifying activity, and foam formation and stability at mild and neutral pH.CONCLUSIONBPI could be used either as a substitute ingredient in oily food formulations or in the development of new products of its own. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Linearized state‐based peridynamics for 2‐D problems
Authors: Sarego G. , Le Q. V. , Bobaru F. , Zaccariotto M. , Galvanetto U. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIn this work, the authors formulate a 2‐D linearized ordinary state‐based peridynamic model of elastic deformations and compute the stiffness matrix for 2‐D plane stress/strain conditions. This model is then verified by testing the recovery of elastic properties for given Poisson's ratios in the range 0.1–0.45. The convergence behavior of peridynamic solutions in terms of the size of the nonlocal region by comparison with the classical (local) mechanics model is also discussed. The degree to which the peridynamic surface effect influences the recovery of elastic properties is examined, and stress/strain recovery values are found to have a definite influence on the results. The technique used here can provide the basis for applying 2‐D peridynamic models to the study of fatigue failure and quasi‐static fracture problems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patterns and prevalence of medication use across the menstrual cycle among healthy, reproductive aged women
Authors: Johnson Kristen A. , Sjaarda Lindsey A. , Mumford Sunni L. , Garbose Rebecca A. , Schliep Karen C. , Mattison Donald , Perkins Neil J. , Wactawski‐Wende Jean , Schisterman Enrique F. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to characterize the patterns of medication intake in healthy, reproductive‐age women not using hormonal contraception.MethodsTwo hundered fifty‐nine healthy, premenopausal women (18–44 years of age) enrolled in the BioCycle Study (2005–2007) were followed over two menstrual cycles. Women were excluded if they were currently using oral contraceptives or other chronic medications. Over‐the‐counter and prescription medication use among participants was evaluated daily throughout the study via a diary assessing type of medication, dosage, units, and frequency. Medications were categorized as allergy, antibiotics, central nervous system (CNS), cold and cough, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and pain medication based on primary active ingredient. Medication use within each category was assessed across standardized 28‐day cycles to evaluate differences in use across cycle phases (i.e., early, middle, and late).ResultsMedication use was reported by 73% of participants. The most and least frequently used medications, respectively, were pain (69%) and musculoskeletal medications (1%). Pain, CNS, and antibiotic medication use varied significantly across the cycle, with pain and CNS medication more frequently reported during menses and antibiotics more frequently during the luteal phase. Allergy, cold and cough, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal medication use did not vary across the cycle.ConclusionsPatterns of medication use among reproductive age women vary across the menstrual cycle for certain types of medications, particularly in pain (e.g., Ibuprofen), antibiotics (e,g, Amoxicillin), and CNS (e.g., Adderall) medications. Future studies involving use of these types of medication in premenopausal women may need to consider the relationship of their use to the menstrual cycle. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microfluidic Synthesis of Size‐Controlled and Morphologically Homogeneous Lead Trinitroresorcinate Produced by Segmented Flow
Authors: Zhou Nan , Zhu Peng , Rong Yi , Xia Huanming , Shen Ruiqi , Ye Yinghua , Lv Shenglin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSize‐controlled and morphologically homogeneous lead trinitroresorcinate (LTNR) particles were synthesized in aqueous solutions using segmented flow. The experimental setup consisted of syringe pumps connected with silicone tubing to a segmented flow microfluidic platform made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) containing silicone‐based microchannels immersed in a thermostatted bath. As a starting point for the optimization of the experimental conditions, LTNR particles were first synthesized through conventional batch synthesis. The optimized batch conditions were adapted to segmented flow arrangements. Characterization studies on LTNR formed through batch and segmented flow methods were carried out, and it was found that in the latter LTNR particles exhibited superior particle morphology and narrower particle size distribution. In addition, the heat release of LTNR prepared by segmented flow increased by 353.52 J g−1 in comparison to that formed through batch synthesis. Finally, it was found demonstrated that segmented flow methods result in a 13 % increase in yield for the synthesis of LTNR. This study demonstrated the feasibility of synthesising primary explosives using a segmented flow microfluidic platform.
One–pot synthesis of ethyl‐3‐aryl‐2‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)acrylates and 3‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)coumarins via tandem [2+3] dipolar cycloaddition reaction‐Knoevenagel condensation
Authors: Jafari Chermahini Zahra , Najafi Chermahini Alireza , Dabbagh Hossein A. , Teimouri Abbas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA simple, one‐pot, three‐component, two‐step tandem method has been developed for the synthesis of ethyl‐3‐aryl‐2‐(1H‐tetrazol‐5‐yl)acrylates that may have biologically importance from ethyl cyanoacetate, sodium azide and a series of aromatic aldehydes with different substituents. Reactions were performed using ammonium chloride as the catalyst and dimethylformamide as the solvent. The results indicated that electron withdrawing groups in the phenyl ring leads to comparatively more yield. When we used the salicylaldehyde precursors, the corresponding coumarin derivatives containing tetrazole group were formed in good yields. All the synthesized compounds were fully characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, FT‐IR and mass spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. The obtained results rationalized by proposing a suitable mechanism. Efficient and simple reaction conditions, easy isolation process and very good yields are the advantages of this strategy for the synthesis of tetrazole compounds.
Furanolabdanoid–based 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles: Synthesis and cytotoxic activity
Authors: Mironov Maxim E. , Pokrovsky Mikhail A. , Kharitonov Yurii V. , Shakirov Makhmut M. , Pokrovsky Andrey G. , Shults Elvira E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSeveral 15,16‐epoxy‐8,13,14‐labdatriene derivatives modified at the C‐16 position with a 1,2,4‐oxadiazole ring with various substituent in the 5‐th position, were obtained via multistep synthesis from 16‐formyl derivatives of natural diterpenoid lambertianic acid. The cytotoxicity of furanolabdanoid‐based 1,2,4‐oxadiazoles was evaluated against human cancer cells (CEM‐13, MT‐4, U‐937, MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, MEL‐8) using the conventional MTT assays. All the tested diterpenoid‐oxadiazole hybrids displayed better cytotoxic activity then lambertianic acid. The activity and selectivity to the cell line increased even further in the compounds containing a chloromethyl substituent in the 5‐th position of the 1,2,4‐oxadiazole ring. Two of the synthesized compounds exhibited high cytotoxic activity against lymphoblastoid cell line CEM‐13 (GI50 0.08‐0.34 μM), which was higher that than of the comparative drug Doxorubicin. The antitumor mechanism may be related to apoptosis induction in U‐937, MCF‐7, and CEM‐13 cells.