bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observationally constrained surface mass balance of Larsen C ice shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Kuipers Munneke Peter , McGrath Daniel , Medley Brooke , Luckman Adrian , Bevan Suzanne , Kulessa Bernd , Jansen Daniela , Booth Adam , Smeets Paul , Hubbard Bryn , Ashmore David , Van den Broeke Michiel , Sevestre Heidi , Steffen Konrad , Shepherd Andrew , Gourmelen Noel 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The surface mass balance (SMB) of the Larsen C ice shelf (LCIS), Antarctica, is poorly constrained due to a dearth of in situ observations. Combining several geophysical techniques, we reconstruct spatial and temporal patterns of SMB over the LCIS. Continuous time series of snow height (2.5–6 years) at five locations allow for multi-year estimates of seasonal and annual SMB over the LCIS. There is high interannual variability in SMB as well as spatial variability: in the north, SMB is 0.40 ± 0.06 to 0.41 ± 0.04 m w.e. year−1, while farther south, SMB is up to 0.50 ± 0.05 m w.e. year−1. This difference between north and south is corroborated by winter snow accumulation derived from an airborne radar survey from 2009, which showed an average snow thickness of 0.34 m w.e. north of 66° S, and 0.40 m w.e. south of 68° S. Analysis of ground-penetrating radar from several field campaigns allows for a longer-term perspective of spatial variations in SMB: a particularly strong and coherent reflection horizon below 25–44 m of water-equivalent ice and firn is observed in radargrams collected across the shelf. We propose that this horizon was formed synchronously across the ice shelf. Combining snow height observations, ground and airborne radar, and SMB output from a regional climate model yields a gridded estimate of SMB over the LCIS. It confirms that SMB increases from north to south, overprinted by a gradient of increasing SMB to the west, modulated in the west by föhn-induced sublimation. Previous observations show a strong decrease in firn air content toward the west, which we attribute to spatial patterns of melt, refreezing, and densification rather than SMB.
Privation, parasite et perversion de la volonté
Authors: O’Neill Seamus 
Published: November 2017

Augustin est bien connu comme défenseur d’une « théorie privative » du mal. On peut lire, par exemple, dans les Confessions que « le mal n’est que la privation du bien, à la limite du pur néant ». Le problème, cependant, avec les théories privatives du mal est qu’elles ne nous offrent pas, généralement, une explication robuste ni de l’activité du mal, ni de son pouvoir à causer des effets bien réels ; effets desquels l’expérience demande, malgré tout, une explication rationnelle. Or, selon Augustin, la privation seule ne permet pas de rendre compte de toutes les manifestations du mal. L’explication privative du mal est, certes, la plus étudiée par la littérature ; mais elle ne constitue qu’une partie du tableau. Cet article veut souligner quatre moments de l’explication du mal qu’Augustin propose : le mal comme privation ; le mal comme parasite par rapport à l’être ; le mal comme perversion de la volonté ; et finalement, le mal comme conflit d’intérêts. Chacun de ces moments éclaire un type de mal, mais aucun ne permet à lui seul de rendre compte du problème. Pris ensemble, cependant, et gardant leurs différences respectives à l’esprit, la réponse d’Augustin à la question du mal se révèle beaucoup plus sophistiquée et exhaustive qu’on ne voudrait souvent l’admettre lorsqu’on se limite uniquement à la théorie de la privation.
The Effect of Implementing the Experiential Learning Model in Listening Comprehension for the Eleventh Graders at SMAN 1 Telaga Biru
Authors: Tahir Ismail 
Published: November 2017

This study is aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the experiential learning in listening comprehension with the focus on the implementation of the class story using language experience at SMAN 1 Telaga Biru. As the pre-experimental research, this study involved one class consisted of 27 students in the eleventh graders. However, most of the students of the eleventh graders in this school have some problems in their listening comprehension. This current research, therefore, aims at finding the result of the students’ listening comprehension by using experiential learning in focusing on the class story using language experience for the eleventh graders at SMAN 1 Telaga Biru and defining the students’ achievement in listening comprehension by using experiential learning focusing on the class story using language experience. This study also explored the learners’ listening comprehension by analyzing the result of the students’ pre-test and post-test. It was found that the mean of the pre-test was 60 while the mean of the post-test was 80,6. By analyzing this result, it indicated that the post-test was higher than the pre-test. In conclusion, the finding of this research showed that teaching listening in the eleventh graders of SMAN 1 Telaga Biru using experiential learning in focusing on the class story using language experience was effective to teach students’ listening comprehension. Therefore, it can be suggested that it was an alternative way to use of experiential learning focusing on the class story using language experience in teaching listening.
The Use of L1 in English as a Foreign Language Classes: Insights from Iraqi Tertiary Level Students
Authors: Galali Atta , Cinkara Emrah 
Published: November 2017

Two main opposing approaches exist regarding the impact of first-language (L1) use in the teaching and learning of English as a foreign language: the monolingual and bilingual approaches. Some linguists assume that students’ L1 should be banished from their English classes, whereas others assert that it facilitates the process of learning a target language. The purpose of this study was to investigate learners’ attitudes towards the use of L1 in their English classes, both by the students themselves and by their teachers. The current study also determined which factors caused the learners to switch from the TL to their L1. This study was conducted at Salahaddin University, Erbil, at the end of the first semester of the 2016-2017 academic year. It employed a mixed-method approach of data collection and analysis. Two hundred and fifty-eight EFL learners participated in the quantitative data collection, by completing a questionnaire and the qualitative data were collected via face-to-face semi structured interviews with eight EFL learners. The findings revealed that participants had a slightly positive attitude towards the use of their L1 in the facilitation of their TL learning. By referring to current theories of TL acquisition and reviewing recent literature, it can be inferred that learners’ L1 has a necessary and facilitating role in acquiring a foreign language under certain conditions.
A Critical Metaphor Analysis of Disability Identity and Ideology in the Thai Undergraduates’ Home for Children with Disabilities Website Project
Authors: Sudajit-apa Melada 
Published: November 2017

This study examines how the Home for Children with Disabilities and disability identities were construed by Thai undergraduates in their website project through an analysis of metaphors. Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA) was the framework for analyzing the use of metaphors and the participants’ enactment of identity and social representation. The critical analysis revealed four dominant themes: ‘JOURNEY’, ‘FAMILY’, ‘OBJECT’ and ‘HOPE’ all utilized to reproduce the Home for Children with Disabilities identity as a ‘warm’, ‘effective’ and ‘altruistic’ organization that provides their children with forms of care and compassion. The analysis, in addition, showed the participants’ representation of disability identity as a non-static and changeable entity. Children with disabilities were seen as ‘capable of becoming self-supporting’. Additionally, the semi-structured interviews conducted with the participants indicated that social oppression was believed to be the cause of disability-related issues and that true understanding was needed to terminate social discrimination.
Analysis of the Quranic Text Using intertextuality: A Case Study of Two Lexemes
Authors: Khawaldeh Sami 
Published: November 2017

The aim of the present study was to show how intertextuality could be a viable approach to determine the intended meaning of words in religious texts such as the Holy Quran. In order to do just this, the researcher selected two Quranic words to be the data of the study. These were "الخشية"(al- xshiah) and الخوف (al-xawf). The study argues that the former effected internally (i.e. stemming from the human being himself/herself), but "الخوف"(al-xawf) is created by either an internal or external force (i.e. stemming from the human being himself/herself or from external factors). Furthermore, "الخوف" (al-xawf) reflects a real feeling of panic, which causes the heart to pump quickly, butالخشية" "(al-xshiah) does not reflect such a feeling. Finally, we dare to make the claim that who does not fear يخاف""(yaxaf) Allah will be punished but who does not يخشى" "(yaxsha)Allah will not be punished.
Self-medication practices and rational drug use habits among university students: a cross-sectional study from Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
Authors: Okyay Ramazan Azim , Erdoğan Ayşegül 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundSelf-medication refers to the use of medicines to treat self-diagnosed diseases without consulting any healthcare professionals. Irrational drug use and self-medication have serious negative consequences both on health and economy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the habits related to rational use of drugs (RUD) and to estimate the prevalence of self-medication practices among university students.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on university students in Kahramanmaraş. From May 2017 to June 2017 a total of 960 students filled a “Rational Use of Drugs Questionnaire”.ResultsThe prevalence of practicing self-medication in students was 63.4%. The most common medicines that the students had consumed without prescription were analgesics by 39.5%, antibiotics by 36.9% and cold remedies by 24.0%. The rate of students who declared that they were familiar with RUD and “rational use of antibiotics” (RUA) was 45.9%. Reading/checking the instructions in the prospectus (OR = 1.529, 95% CI [1.176–1.990]), understanding the context of the prospectus (OR = 1.893, 95% CI [1.387–2.584]), compliance with the duration of antibiotic treatment (OR = 1.597, 95% CI [1.231–2.071]) and consulting a physician in case of a side effect (OR = 1.350, 95% CI [1.037–1.757]) were significantly higher among students who were familiar with RUD as compared to who were not.DiscussionSince the awareness of RUD among university students was found to be inadequate, it has critical importance to hold educational activities with the cooperation of physicians, health organizations, universities, non-governmental organizations and media to avoid negative consequences of irrational drug use and self-medication.
Practice of physical activity among elderly Prática de atividade física na terceira idade
Authors: Santos Mendes Coelho Isabel Pacheco dos , Feitosa Formiga Laura Maria , Gomes Machado Ana Larissa , Silva Araújo Ana Klisse , Mendes Tamires Ferreira , Borges Fernanda Moura 
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: Avaliar a prática de atividade física em idosos participantes de um grupo de promoção a saúde, assim como analisar os motivos que levaram a adesão e permanência na prática. Métodos: Estudo exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 30 idosos. A coleta de dados se deu através de um formulário estruturado contendo três tipos de variáveis. Resultados: A faixa etária que mais pratica atividade física são os idosos entre 60 – 65 anos (78,6%). Dentre os idosos ativos, (86,7%) possuem alguma DCNT. Relacionado aos motivos que levaram a adesão e permanência da prática de atividade física, (80,0%) dos idosos do sexo feminino e (100%) do sexo masculino referiram o bem-estar como motivo principal. Conclusão: Os integrantes do grupo praticam atividades físicas em frequência e duração adequada, sendo necessário que mais estudos sejam desenvolvidos, a fim de que mais profissionais enfermeiros tenham conhecimento dos benefícios. Descritores: Idoso, Atividade física, Enfermagem.
Nursing consultation in Family Health Strategy, increasing the recognition of the distinct forms of action: an integrative review Consulta de enfermagem na Estratégia Saúde da Família, ampliando o reconhecimento das distintas formas de ação: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Amaral Isabela Tavares , Abrahão Ana Lúcia 
Published: November 2017

RESUMOObjetivo: explorar as publicações na área da saúde nos últimos seis anos sobre consulta de Enfermagem na Estratégia de Saúde da Família de modo a compor evidências bibliográficas sobre os processos de trabalho que se configuram hoje nesse cenário. Método: trata-se de um estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa. O método escolhido foi a Revisão Integrativa. A seleção dos artigos foi realizada no portal BVS, sem filtro por Bases de Abril-Julho 2014. Os dados foram analisados segundo a análise temática de Bardin. Resultados: foram gerados 61 artigos nas bases LILACS, BDENF e ColecionaSUS. Após exclusão dos semelhantes e avaliação da pertinência do conteúdo para este trabalho, foram analisados 30 artigos. Conclusão: a consulta de enfermagem, muitas vezes, configura um cenário de atenção à saúde de forma verticalizada e medicalizada. ABSTRACTObjective: to explore the publications in the field of health in the last six years concerning nursing Consultation in Family Health Strategy in order to gather bibliographical evidences about the process of the works that are today in this setting. Method: it is an exploratory research of qualitative approach. The chosen method was Integrative Review. The articles selection was made on the BVS portal with no filter based between April and July 2014. The data were analyzed according to the thematic analysis of Bardin. Results: 61 articles were found in the LILACS, BDENF and ColecionaSUS data bases. After excluding the similar ones and evaluating the relevance of the content to this work there were 30 articles. Conclusion: the nursing consultation often sets a scenario of attention to health in a verticalized and medicalized way.
The premature newborn in mid-twentieth century according to Julius Hess Recém-nascido prematuro em meados do século xx, na ótica de Julius Hess
Authors: Gomes Tatiana de Oliveira , Sant'Ana Andreia Neves , Braga Amanda de Vasconcellos , Porto Fernando Rocha 
Published: November 2017

Descrever, analiticamente, os cuidados propostos na admissão do recém-nascido na obra em referência. Método: Operação historiográfica na perspectiva da micro-história, com recorte temporal no século XX. Resultados: Para a admissão do recém-nascido, medidas como o uso de capa de lã com capuz ou a combinação de gaze com algodão estéril para envolver o RN deveriam ser empregada, assim como ou o uso de garrafas com água quente e incubadoras para a manutenção da temperatura. Quanto a permeabilidade das vias aéreas, era sabido que a remoção das secreções seja por meio da gravidade e posicionamento do RN, ou mesmo por dedo envolto em gaze eram as medidas em destaque. Conclusão: Ao longo dos anos analisados, é possível apontar que algumas modificações e adaptações foram feitas, mas com base em uma mesma justificativa para o cuidado em si.Abstract:Objective: To describe analytically the proposed care on admission of the newborn in the work in question. Method: historiographical operation from the perspective of micro- history, with time frame in the twentieth century. Results: For the admission of the newborn , measures such as the use of wool hooded cloak or a combination of gauze with sterile cotton to engage the RN should be used as well as or the use of bottles with hot water and incubators for maintaining the temperature . As the permeability of the airways, it was known that the removal of secretions or by means of gravity and positioning of the newborn , or even finger wrapped in gauze were the featured measures. Conclusion: Over the years analyzed , it is possible to point out that some modifications and adaptations were made, but based on the same rationale for the care itself.Descriptors: Infant, Newborn, History. Resumen:Objetivo: Describir analíticamente la atención propuesta al ingreso del recién nacido en la obra en cuestión. Método: La operación historiográfica desde la perspectiva de la micro - historia, con el marco de tiempo en el siglo XX. Resultados: Para la admisión del recién nacido, medidas como el uso de la capa con capucha de lana o una combinación de gasa con algodón estéril para enganchar el RN se deben utilizar tan bien o el uso de botellas con agua caliente y las incubadoras de el mantenimiento de la temperatura. Como la permeabilidad de las vías respiratorias, se sabe que la eliminación de las secreciones o por medio de la gravedad y el posicionamiento del recién nacido, o incluso el dedo envuelto en una gasa fueron las medidas destacados. Conclusión: Através de los años analizados, es posible señalar que se hicieron algunas modificaciones y adaptaciones, pero basadas en el mismo fundamento de la propia atención.Descriptores: Prematuro Recién Nacido, Historia.
Academic formation and permanent education: influences on leadership styles of nurses Formação acadêmica e educação permanente: influências nos estilos de liderança de enfermeiros
Authors: Kades Andrigue Karen Cristina , Trindade Leticia de Lima , Amestoy Simone Coelho 
Published: November 2017

Objetivo: conhecer as influências da formação acadêmica e da Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS) nos estilos de liderança adotados pelos enfermeiros no âmbito hospitalar. Método: pesquisa qualitativa do tipo descritiva, apoiada no referencial de Hersey e Blanchard. Participaram do estudo seis enfermeiros da rede hospitalar de Chapecó (SC), que tipificavam diferentes estilos de liderança. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados conforme Análise Temática. Resultados: os participantes sentiram-se pouco influenciados para liderar diante da formação obtida na graduação e ressaltaram dificuldades de integração ensino-serviço, que interferiram no exercício da liderança. Quanto à EPS, sinalizaram a falta de investimentos na qualificação. Conclusão: destaca-se a importância de o ensino na graduação fortalecer as práticas de aprendizagem da liderança e entende-se que a liderança é aperfeiçoada ao longo da vida profissional. Objective: to know the influences of academic training and Continuing Health Education (EPS) on the leadership styles adopted by nurses in the hospital environment. Method: it is qualitative descriptive-type research supported in the references of Hersey and Blanchard. Six nurses from the hospital network of Chapecó, Santa Catarina, participated in this study and typified different leadership styles. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed according to Thematic Analysis. Results: the participants felt only slightly influenced to lead during the training obtained in their graduation course and highlighted difficulties in integrating education service, which interfered in exercising leadership. As for the Continuing Health Education (EPS), it indicated a lack of investment in qualification. Conclusion: standing it was highlighted the importance of education in graduation studies to strengthen leadership learning practices and it is understood that leadership is perfected and improved throughout working life. Key words: Nursing, Leadership, Continuing Education.
Aquatic Nitrate Retention at River Network Scales Across Flow Conditions Determined Using Nested In Situ Sensors
Authors: Wollheim W. M. , Mulukutla G. K. , Cook C. , Carey R. O. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNonpoint pollution sources are strongly influenced by hydrology and are therefore sensitive to climate variability. Some pollutants entering aquatic ecosystems, e.g., nitrate, can be mitigated by in‐stream processes during transport through river networks. Whole river network nitrate retention is difficult to quantify with observations. High frequency, in situ nitrate sensors, deployed in nested locations within a single watershed, can improve estimates of both nonpoint inputs and aquatic retention at river network scales. We deployed a nested sensor network and associated sampling in the urbanizing Oyster River watershed in coastal New Hampshire, USA, to quantify storm event‐scale loading and retention at network scales. An end member analysis used the relative behavior of reactive nitrate and conservative chloride to infer river network fate of nitrate. In the headwater catchments, nitrate and chloride concentrations are both increasingly diluted with increasing storm size. At the mouth of the watershed, chloride is also diluted, but nitrate tended to increase. The end member analysis suggests that this pattern is the result of high retention during small storms (51–78%) that declines to zero during large storms. Although high frequency nitrate sensors did not alter estimates of fluxes over seasonal time periods compared to less frequent grab sampling, they provide the ability to estimate nitrate flux versus storm size at event scales that is critical for such analyses. Nested sensor networks can improve understanding of the controls of both loading and network scale retention, and therefore also improve management of nonpoint source pollution.
Effect of branching in hyperbranched alkyd on the performance of alkyd polyurethane coating
Authors: Jana Tirthankar , Koley Tapas , Dhar Tapan Kumar 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTHyperbranched alkyd was synthesized by single‐step approach using trimethylolpropane, mono pentaerythritol as core material, and 2,2‐bis(methylol)propionic acid (DMPA), a combination of dehydrated castor oil fatty acid and coconut oil fatty acid as chain extender. A series of hyperbranched alkyds were prepared at different degree of branching in the alkyd structures by changing the amount of DMPA in the alkyd resin formulation. The resins were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic technique. These hyperbranched alkyds were converted into polyurethane coating after reaction with hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer at a definite ratio in the presence of dibutyltin dilaurate as a catalyst. The effect of branching and polymeric chain entanglement on the glass transition temperature, Tg of the alkyd polyurethane coating (APUC) was studied by differential scanning calorimetry technique. The performance of such APUC in terms of gloss, gloss retention under accelerated QUV radiation, natural outdoor exposed condition, mechanical, and corrosion resistance properties were enhanced with the increase of polymeric chain entanglement, i.e., compactness or higher order of branching in the alkyd resin structure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45835.