bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multicentre prospective evaluation of alcohol-related admissions to intensive care units in Wales
Authors: Lynch Ceri , Pugh Richard , Battle Ceri ,   on behalf of the Welsh Intensive Care Society Audit and Research Group (WICSARG)
Published: March 2017

Purpose We conducted a prospective multicentre study in 13 Welsh intensive care units to assess what proportion of intensive care admissions relate to alcohol, and how outcomes among these patients compare with non-alcohol related admissions. Materials and methods Data were prospectively collected for one month between June and July 2015. Every intensive care admission was screened for alcohol associations based on ICD-10 criteria, using a pre-designed pro-forma. Follow-up data were collected at 60 days using a pre-existing database (WardWatcher; Critical Care Audit Ltd, England). Outcomes included: lengths of mechanical ventilation, intensive care units and hospital stay; intensive care units and hospital mortality. Results Alcohol contributed directly to 10% of all ICU admissions and to 11% of unplanned admissions. These patients were younger (52 vs. 66, p = 0.0011), more likely to be male (68% vs. 52%, p = 0.014) and had more prolonged ventilation (p = 0.019) There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to length of stay or mortality. Conclusions Alcohol contributes to a significant proportion of ICU admissions in Wales, a Western European country with a relatively low number of ICU beds per capita. Strategies to address this impact should be explored.
Unilateral Dislocation of the Posterior Tibialis Tendon (PTT) and Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon With Contralateral PTT Subluxation in a Patient With Congenitally Shallow Flexor Groove
Authors: Waldron Jacob E. , Bernhardson Andrew S. , Fellars Todd A. 
Published: March 2017

Introduction. Flexor tendon dislocation from the flexor tendon groove posterior of the medial malleolus has been previously described, and may be difficult to diagnose initially, but is amendable to surgical treatment with good outcomes. We present a unique case of unilateral dislocation of the posterior tibialis and flexor digitorum longus tendons with contralateral flexor digitorum longus subluxation that was treated surgically with a good outcome. Case Presentation. A 37-year-old active duty male sustained a dislocation and subluxation of the flexor tendons bilaterally after a forced dorsiflexion injury. Bilateral ankle magnetic resonance imaging revealed the injuries that this patient sustained and aided in surgical planning. Surgical Treatment. Bilateral flexor tendon groove deepening with periosteal flap elevation and retinacular repair. Discussion/Conclusion. This injury has not been previously described in the literature after a forced dorsiflexion mechanism. Advanced imaging is helpful as this injury may be initially misdiagnosed. This case shows that delayed bilateral reconstruction of the flexor tendon grooves and retinacula are reliable methods for pain relief to allow a patient to return to a physically demanding level of function. Levels of Evidence: Level V
Evaluating Sustainable Development solutions quantitatively: Competence modelling for GCE and ESD
Authors: Böhm Marko , Eggert Sabina , Barkmann Jan , Bögeholz Susanne 
Published: March 2017

To comprehensively address global environmental challenges such as biodiversity loss, citizens need an understanding of the socio-economic fundamentals of human behaviour in relation to natural resources. We argue that Global Citizenship Education and Education for Sustainable Development provide a core set of socio-economic competencies that can be applied to tackle such challenges. As a central concern of this article, we report on the development of a competence model and its use in an empirical study. The study analyses the ability of German students ( n = 268: 232 pupils in senior secondary school and 36 student teachers) to evaluate solutions for real-world Sustainable Development challenges quantitatively. In doing so, we investigate a theoretically described competence dimension, that is, ‘Evaluating and Reflecting Solutions Quantitatively-Economically’. A Rasch partial credit model indicates that ‘Evaluating and Reflecting Solutions Quantitatively-Economically’ can be modelled as a one-dimensional competence. Grade level, general educational performance and high performance in subjects addressing Education for Sustainable Development positively affect ‘Evaluating and Reflecting Solutions Quantitatively-Economically’ scores. Although applying basic economic insights in a quantitative manner to Sustainable Development challenges is within the mathematical skill set of most students, even older or better-performing students find it difficult to do so. Thus, these findings underscore the need for economic competencies to be incorporated in Education for Sustainable Development and Global Citizenship Education.
A review of the world’s published face transplant cases: ethical perspectives
Authors: Theodorakopoulou Evgenia , Meghji Sheneen , Pafitanis Georgios , Mason Katrina A. 
Published: March 2017

[Formula: see text] The highly publicised case of the first ever partial facial transplant in 2005 sparked fierce ethical debates, moral arguments and strong opinions, both within the medical community as well as the general public and mass media. As more patients have undergone facial transplantation over the last decade, some of this initial scepticism has given way to a wider acceptance of this significant reconstructive development. However, despite an improved understanding of the perioperative technicalities and postoperative perils, the risks remain significant and the long-term outcomes are still largely unknown. This article examines the major ethical challenges that have accompanied facial allo-transplantation since its inception. We discuss these ethical dilemmas in the context of the patients, donor families, healthcare professionals and society as a whole, while evaluating some of the emerging evidence and outcomes associated with the physical and psycho-emotional risks linked to this procedure.
High-throughput sequencing of the B-cell receptor in African Burkitt lymphoma reveals clues to pathogenesis
Authors: Lombardo Katharine A. , Coffey David G. , Morales Alicia J. , Carlson Christopher S. , Towlerton Andrea M. H. , Gerdts Sarah E. , Nkrumah Francis K. , Neequaye Janet , Biggar Robert J. , Orem Jackson , Casper Corey , Mbulaiteye Sam M. , Bhatia Kishor G. , Warren Edus H. 
Published: March 2017

Key Points
High-throughput sequencing of primary African Burkitt lymphoma tumors suggests disrupted immunoglobulin rearrangements in BL progenitors. Extensive mutation of expressed and nonexpressed IGH rearrangements suggests multiple active mutational processes in BL tumors.
The effects of exogenous lipid on THP-1 cells: anin vitromodel of airway aspiration?
Authors: Hayman Yvette A. , Sadofsky Laura R. , Williamson James D. , Hart Simon P. , Morice Alyn H. 
Published: March 2017

Chronic inflammatory diseases of the airways are associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) and aspiration events. The observation of lipid-laden macrophages (LLMs) within the airway may indicate aspiration secondary to GOR. The proposed mechanism, that lipid droplets from undigested or partially digested food are aspirated leading to accumulation in scavenging macrophages, led us to hypothesise that an activated population of LLMs could interact with other immune cells to induce bronchial inflammation.To test this, we generated anin vitromodel using differentiated THP-1 cells, which were treated with a high-fat liquid feed.Here, we show that THP-1 cells can take up lipid from the high-fat feed independent of actin polymerisation or CD36-dependent phagocytosis. These cells did not exhibit M1 or M2 polarisation. Gene array analysis confirmed over 8000 genes were upregulated by at least twofold following high fat exposure, and IL-8 was the most upregulated gene. Pathway analysis revealed upregulation of genes known to be involved in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathophysiology.We suggest that aspiration and macrophage phagocytosis may be important mechanisms in the aetiology of diseases such as COPD and cystic fibrosis that are characterised by high levels of IL-8 within the airways.
Barriers and facilitators for BIM use among Swedish medium-sized contractors - “We wait until someone tells us to use it”
Authors: Bosch-Sijtsema Petra , Isaksson Anders , Lennartsson Martin , Linderoth Henrik C. J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background
The pace of diffusion of BIM (Building Information Modelling) use is considered to increase with governmental initiatives in which public clients in countries like Finland, Singapore, United Kingdom, and Sweden begin requiring BIM as a part of the project delivery. Currently, larger contractor firms use BIM to a certain extent. However, BIM use by mid-sized contractor firms (that is, firms with 50–500 employees that can successfully compete with larger contractors on projects costing a maximum of 50 million Euros) is relatively unknown. Hence, the aim of the paper is to explore current use and perceived constraints and driving forces of BIM-implementation with respect to mid-sized contractors.

Methods
A mixed method approach was applied, and data was collected through an interview study and a survey involving chief executive officers or their closest sub-ordinates in mid-sized contractor firms in Sweden. The survey was based on a technology-, organization-, and environment framework that is used in information systems research to study the use of inter-organizational information systems. The total population of firms in the survey corresponded to 104. The study presented the preliminary results based on 32 answers (with a 31% response rate).

Results
Fifty-eight percent of the surveyed respondents stated that they had been involved in a project in which BIM was used in some manner. The most commonly used application included visualization, which also facilitates coordination and communication. The biggest perceived constraints involved partners that did not use BIM, lack of demand from clients, and the absence of internal demand in the company. With respect to the two last obstacles, significant differences existed between users and non-users. The most common perceived driving forces included the fact that BIM is perceived as a means to follow technical development and that BIM provides competitive advantages to the company.

Conclusions
It is concluded that the main driver responsible for BIM-implementation is mainly determined by an individual’s subjective positive or negative evaluation of BIM, instead of external pressure from clients and partners or by the internal capacity and knowledge to use BIM.
Data completion in building information management: electrical lines from range scans and photographs
Authors: Krispel Ulrich , Evers Henrik Leander , Tamke Martin , Ullrich Torsten 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background
The concept of building information management (BIM) is based on its holistic nature. This idea pays off, if all relevant information is fused into one consistent data set. As a consequence, the completeness of data is vital and the research question on how to complete data automatically remains open.

Methods
In this article we present a data completion technique based on knowledge management. We encode expert and domain knowledge in a generative system that represents norms and standards in a machine-readable manner. The implementation of this approach be used to automatically determine a hypothesis on the location of electrical lines within indoor range scans.

Results
The generative paradigm can encode domain expert knowledge in a machine-readable way. In this article we demonstrate its usage to represent norms and standards.

Conclusions
The benefit of our method is the further completion of digital building information models – a necessary step to take full advantage of building information modeling.
Perceptions of neighborhood environments and their association with overweight in children, adolescents, and caretakers in a medium-sized city in Brazil
Authors: Leite Maria Alvim , de Assis Maíra Macário , Silva Bruna Pires Luz , Matozinhos Fernanda Penido , Padez Cristina , Cândido Ana Paula Carlos , Mendes Larissa Loures 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background
Previous studies conducted in developed countries have suggested associations between perceptions of neighborhood characteristics and weight gain. However, there are few studies regarding the adult perception of the residential environment and overweight in children and adolescents in countries with low and medium income. The aim of the study was to assess the associations between caretakers’ perceptions of environmental characteristics and overweight in themselves and in their children, in a medium-sized city in Brazil.

Methods
Cross-sectional study was performed with 708 children and adolescents and their caretakers. Anthropometric measurements and a structured questionnaire filled out by caretakers concerning child and family characteristics were completed. For environmental assessment, 408 caretakers answered the Portuguese version of the “Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale” by telephone call. A 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was used in the analysis. Unadjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were calculated, as were PR adjusted for age, gender, family income, and total time of exercise the children or adolescents practiced (from Poisson regression models predicting children’s and adolescents’ overweight), and for age and family income (from Poisson regression models predicting caretakers’ overweight). Statistical significance was defined as a p value <0.05.

Results
Adult perceptions about the absence of sidewalks on most streets (PR = 0.49, 95%CI = 0.42–0.98) and the absence of interesting things to look at (esthetics) in the neighborhood (PR = 0.65, 95%CI = 0.44–0.90) were inversely associated with the prevalence of overweight in the children and adolescents after adjustment. The absence of hills in the neighborhood (PR = 1.24, 95%CI = 1.05–1.45) and the perception of heavy exhaust fumes (PR = 1.26, 95%CI = 1.02–1.56) were directly associated with the prevalence of overweight in the caretakers. Finally, the high speed of traffic on the street (PR = 0.76, 95%CI = 0.63–0.92) was inversely associated with the prevalence of adult overweight.

Conclusions
The results showed, in Brazil, the importance of understanding aspects related to obesogenic environment in the context of medium-sized Brazilian cities.
Choosing face: The curse of self in profile image selection
Authors: White David , Sutherland Clare A. M. , Burton Amy L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPeople draw automatic social inferences from photos of unfamiliar faces and these first impressions are associated with important real-world outcomes. Here we examine the effect of selecting online profile images on first impressions. We model the process of profile image selection by asking participants to indicate the likelihood that images of their own face (“self-selection”) and of an unfamiliar face (“other-selection”) would be used as profile images on key social networking sites. Across two large Internet-based studies (n = 610), in line with predictions, image selections accentuated favorable social impressions and these impressions were aligned to the social context of the networking sites. However, contrary to predictions based on people’s general expertise in self-presentation, other-selected images conferred more favorable impressions than self-selected images. We conclude that people make suboptimal choices when selecting their own profile pictures, such that self-perception places important limits on facial first impressions formed by others. These results underscore the dynamic nature of person perception in real-world contexts.
Germline ATM mutations in families with early-onset and familial gastroesophageal and colorectal cancers.
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Olopade Olufunmilayo I. , Daly Mary Beryl , Kupfer Sonia 
Published: March 2017

11 Background: ATM is involved in repair of DNA damage due to radiation and environmental toxins via downstream interaction with CHEK2, BRCA1, and other proteins involved in double strand break repair. Mutations in ATM (Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated, 11q22) are among the most common hereditary cancer risk mutations in the general population (0.5-1.0% carrier rate), yet beyond risks of breast (BC) and pancreatic cancer (PC), the spectrum of clinically relevant cancer risks in ATM+ individuals remains uncertain. Thompson (JNCI 2005) previously reported possible risk of colorectal (CRC) (RR 2.54; 1.06-6.09) and gastric cancer (GC)(RR 3.39; 0.86-13.4) in ATM+ individuals, while more recently Hansford (JAMA Onc 2015) performed panel gene testing including CDH1 in patients meeting criteria for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer, and found possibly pathogenic ATM mutations in 3/144 (2%) CDH1-negative probands. In addition to GC, families contained multiple cases of BC, PC and CRC (5 cases, 2 < 50). To further describe the frequency of upper and lower GI cancer in ATM+ families, we reviewed pedigrees from 20 families seen for risk assessment in two high-risk clinics and found to have germline ATM mutations. Methods: Pedigrees from ATM+ families evaluated at Fox Chase Cancer Center and the University of Chicago are included in this analysis. Cancer type, age at diagnosis, number of genes clinically tested, and ATM mutation were collected. Cancers < 50 yrs are considered early-onset. Results: Among 20 total ATM+ families, 22 GI cancers were reported, with 5 families containing 16/22 (73%) of all GI cancers (see Table). Early-onset GI cancers were common in the 5 families (7/16, 44%), including 2/6 (33%) cases of GC, a 23 yr old man and his 45 yr old father both with GEJxn cancer (2/2, 100%), and 3/6 (50%) cases of CRC all from one large family. Conclusions: Our data lend evidence to support the need for early CRC and GC screening in ATM+ patients. [Table: see text]
HER2 testing in gastric cancer diagnosis: Insights on variables influencing HER2-positivity from a large, multicenter, observational study in Germany.
Authors: Baretton Gustavo Bruno , Kreipe Hans Heinrich , Schirmacher Peter , Gaiser Timo , Hofheinz Ralf D. , Berghäuser Karl Heinz , Koch Winfried , Holzer Britta , Morris Stefanie , Rüschoff Josef ,   The NIU HER2 Study Group
Published: March 2017

15 Background: HER2 testing is routine for metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer (mGC/GEJC). Differing HER2-positivity rates are considered to be potential indicators of inter- and intra-laboratory deviations in testing quality. The influence of patient-, sample-, or method-related factors on HER2-positivity has not been assessed systematically. Methods: This observational, prospective study collected routine HER2 test result, patient- and tumor-related factors, sample source, and testing method data to identify factors influencing HER2-positivity rates in mGC/GEJC. Influencing factors were identified using stepwise multiple logistic regression and a statistical model was developed to predict probability of HER2-positivity. Institutes with deviations in HER2-positivity rates were identified by comparing 95% confidence intervals (CI) of documented and predicted rates. Results: From Jan 2013 to Dec 2015, data were collected from 2761 mGC/mGEJC routine diagnostic specimens at 50 pathology institutes in Germany. Final analyses included 2033 specimens with HER2 test results (1554 mGC and 479 mGEJC cases). Overall HER2-positivity rates across centers was 19.8% for mGC and 30.5% for mGEJC. Lauren classification showed the highest correlation with HER2-positivity, followed by HER2 testing rate, tumor location, type of sample (resection vs biopsy), and testing method (immunohistochemistry vs fluorescence in situ hybridization) (all P < .05). Four institutes were identified with predicted HER2-positivity rates outside the 95% CI of the documented rate. Conclusions: This is the first study to report on multifactorial parameters that impact HER2-positivity rates in routine mGC/GEJC diagnostics. Results suggest that effective assessment of HER2 testing quality based on positivity rates should consider tumor characteristics, testing rate, type of specimen, and testing method, as they affect HER2-positivity. As therapy options for HER2-positive mGC/GEJC continue to evolve, reliably identifying the right patients is key.
Iron deficiency anemia in gastric cancer: A single site retrospective cohort study.
Authors: Tang Grace , Hart Rachel , Sholzberg Michelle , Brezden-Masley Christine 
Published: March 2017

188 Background: Gastric cancer is highly prevalent amongst men and women. While many studies have identified the prevalence and association of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in all cancer patients, few have focused on the gastric cancer population. The primary objective of this study was to determine the proportion of patients with gastric cancer who developed IDA, and chemotherapy induced anemia (CIA) at our institution. Secondary objectives were to identify types and frequencies of IDA therapies used. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out in 110 consecutive gastric cancer patients from 2006 to 2014 at St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, Canada. Patient demographics, previous history of IDA, and IDA based therapies were reviewed. IDA was defined as hemoglobin (Hb) < 130 g/L in men and < 120g/L in women and iron deficiency (ID) was defined as a ferritin < 15m/L. SAS 9.3 was used to calculate frequencies and proportions. Results: Of the 110 patients (median age 68.5 [interquartile range (IQR): 58-76]), 72 (65%) were male. Most patients were diagnosed at stage IV (35%) with a mean Hb of 118 g/L (standard deviation (SD): 19.7 g/L). Only 18 (16%) patients had a history of IDA prior to cancer diagnosis, and 63 (57%) had IDA at time of gastric cancer diagnosis. Only 29 patients (45%) had ferritin levels tested at first oncology visit. Of the 110 patients, 71 patients had an open (32%) or laparoscopic (68%) surgery. A total of 66 patients received chemotherapy, and 50 (76%) developed CIA. In this sample, 9 (14%) experienced a chemotherapy dose delay and 20 (30%) had a dose reduction. At last follow up, 87 (79%) of patients were diagnosed with IDA. Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions were most frequently prescribed (95%), compared to oral (29%) or intravenous iron (12%). Conclusions: A total of 87 (79%) gastric cancer patients were diagnosed with IDA and nearly all patients received a RBC transfusion. We found that the diagnosis of IDA increased by 22% from the time of gastric cancer diagnosis to last follow up. There was a high proportion of IDA in our gastric cancer population despite inconsistent screening for ID. This highlights the need for consistent screening and targeted therapy for ID to reduce transfusions and improve quality of life in this patient population.