bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional and structural dissection of the tape measure protein of lactococcal phage TP901-1
Authors: Mahony Jennifer , Alqarni Mona , Stockdale Stephen , Spinelli Silvia , Feyereisen Marine , Cambillau Christian , Sinderen Douwe van 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe tail tape measure protein (TMP) of tailed bacteriophages (also called phages) dictates the tail length and facilitates DNA transit to the cell cytoplasm during infection. Here, a thorough mutational analysis of the TMP from lactococcal phage TP901-1 (TMPTP901-1) was undertaken. We generated 56 mutants aimed at defining TMPTP901-1 domains that are essential for tail assembly and successful infection. Through analysis of the derived mutants, we determined that TP901-1 infectivity requires the N-terminal 154 aa residues, the C-terminal 60 residues and the first predicted hydrophobic region of TMPTP901-1 as a minimum. Furthermore, the role of TMPTP901-1 in tail length determination was visualized by electron microscopic imaging of TMP-deletion mutants. The inverse linear correlation between the extent of TMPTP901-1-encoding gene deletions and tail length of the corresponding virion provides an estimate of TMPTP901-1 regions interacting with the connector or involved in initiator complex formation. This study represents the most thorough characterisation of a TMP from a Gram-positive host-infecting phage and provides essential advances to understanding its role in virion assembly, morphology and infection.
RNA-seq analyses of the midgut from blood- and serum-fed Ixodes ricinus ticks
Authors: Perner Jan , Provazník Jan , Schrenková Jana , Urbanová Veronika , Ribeiro José M. C. , Kopáček Petr 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAdult females of the genus Ixodes imbibe blood meals exceeding about 100 times their own weight within 7‒9 days. During this period, ticks internalise components of host blood by endocytic digest cells that line the tick midgut epithelium. Using RNA-seq, we aimed to characterise the midgut transcriptome composition in adult Ixodes ricinus females during early and late phase of engorgement. To address specific adaptations to the haemoglobin-rich diet, we compared the midgut transcriptomes of genetically homogenous female siblings fed either bovine blood or haemoglobin-depleted serum. We noted that tick gut transcriptomes are subject to substantial temporal-dependent expression changes between day 3 and day 8 of feeding. In contrast, the number of transcripts significantly affected by the presence or absence of host red blood cells was low. Transcripts relevant to the processes associated with blood-meal digestion were analysed and involvement of selected encoded proteins in the tick midgut physiology discussed. A total of 7215 novel sequences from I. ricinus were deposited in public databases as an additional outcome of this study. Our results broaden the current knowledge of tick digestive system and may lead to the discovery of potential molecular targets for efficient tick control.
Sulforaphane improves chemotherapy efficacy by targeting cancer stem cell-like properties via the miR-124/IL-6R/STAT3 axis
Authors: Wang Xingxing , Li Yuan , Dai Yi , Liu Qinqiang , Ning Shilong , Liu Jiao , Shen Zhaoxia , Zhu Dongmei , Jiang Fei , Zhang Jianping , Li Zhong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGastric carcinoma (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The efficacy of standard chemotherapy for GC, such as cisplatin (CDDP), is dissatisfactory partly due to the toxic/side-effects. Sulforaphane (SFN), which exhibits effective anti-cancer functions, is a phytochemical converted from cruciferous plants. Our present study aimed to identify whether SFN could enhance the anti-cancer effects of low-dose CDDP and to determine the underlying mechanisms. Herein, co-exposure of SFN and CDDP significantly inhibited the viabilities of gastric cancer cells. For the molecular mechanisms, CDDP alone increased the cancer stem cell (CSC)-like properties in gastric cancer cells via activating the interleukin-6 (IL-6)/IL-6 receptor (IL-6R)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling. However, SFN could activate the microRNA-124 (miR-124), which directly targets the 3′-untranslated regions (UTR) of the IL-6R and STAT3. Moreover, knockdown of miR-124 eliminated the effects of SFN on CSC-like properties in GC cells, and in turn enhanced the anti-cancer effects of low-dose CDDP. These findings not only suggested a mechanism whereby SFN enhanced the anti-cancer functions of CDDP, but also helped to regard SFN as a potential chemotherapeutic factor in gastric cancer.
Highly efficient digital quadrature transmitter with dual VDD and dynamic cell selection
Authors: Jin H. , Moon K. , Lee S. , Kim B. 
Published: November 2016

A digital quadrature dual VDD transmitter with a switched capacitor power combiner is presented. To improve the efficiency, the cell in the transmitter is dynamically selected to minimise the voltage across the capacitors, thereby minimising the discharging loss. The chip is fabricated in 28‐nm CMOS process. The implemented transmitter has a peak power of 17.2 dBm with a PAE of 37.4% at 880 MHz. The average power is 7.9 dBm with a PAE of 23.6% under ACLR of −32 dBc using a 10 MHz, 16 QAM, and 6.9 dB LTE signal.
Stress-induced brain activity, brain atrophy, and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Weygandt Martin , Meyer-Arndt Lil , Behrens Janina Ruth , Wakonig Katharina , Bellmann-Strobl Judith , Ritter Kerstin , Scheel Michael , Brandt Alexander U. , Labadie Christian , Hetzer Stefan , Gold Stefan M. , Paul Friedemann , Haynes John-Dylan 
Published: November 2016

SignificancePsychological stress is linked to multiple sclerosis (MS) severity (e.g., to a heightened risk of brain lesion development). The exact mechanisms underlying this association are unknown. To investigate the link between brain activity induced by mild psychological stress and MS disease parameters, we conducted a mental arithmetic neuroimaging task involving performance feedback in MS patients and healthy controls and related the brain activity signals to clinical disability and brain volume. In patients, motor and cognitive impairment were related to activity in the insular cortex. Brain volume was related to activity in overlapping cerebellar areas in patients and controls. This overlap suggests that the link between activity and volume cannot reflect a passive response to clinical disability alone.
Sibling conflict and dishonest signaling in birds
Authors: Caro Shana M. , West Stuart A. , Griffin Ashleigh S. 
Published: November 2016

SignificanceShould a chick beg for food even if it isn’t struggling to grow? Does it have anything to lose? The answer could be “yes” if it risks losing indirect fitness through the starvation of siblings. Evolutionary theory suggests that offspring may be more likely to exaggerate signals of need when they compete with less-related nestmates or a greater number of nestmates. We found clear support for this hypothesis in an analysis across 60 bird species. Offspring begging was less reliable in species where parents produce larger broods and more broods and where parental divorce or death reduces between-brood relatedness. This result helps explain why chicks of some species are more honest than others and tests general predictions of signaling theory.
Decreasing maternal myostatin programs adult offspring bone strength in a mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Oestreich Arin K. , Kamp William M. , McCray Marcus G. , Carleton Stephanie M. , Karasseva Natalia , Lenz Kristin L. , Jeong Youngjae , Daghlas Salah A. , Yao Xiaomei , Wang Yong , Pfeiffer Ferris M. , Ellersieck Mark R. , Schulz Laura C. , Phillips Charlotte L. 
Published: November 2016

SignificanceOsteogenesis imperfecta (brittle bone disease) is an incurable genetic disorder. We demonstrate that maternal deficiency of myostatin (a negative regulator of muscle growth) can enhance bone biomechanical strength and integrity in control and osteogenesis imperfecta mouse offspring, using three independent approaches. We provide evidence that bone is responsive to developmental programming and that myostatin can mediate these effects. Embryo transfer experiments show that the effects of maternal myostatin deficiency are conferred by the postimplantation environment. These studies represent a paradigm shift in understanding and treating osteogenesis imperfecta—a shift from believing only genetic and postnatal environmental factors control bone health to the inclusion of prenatal/perinatal developmental programming as a modifiable factor controlling adult bone health.
Epigenetic inactivation of the p53-induced long noncoding RNA TP53 target 1 in human cancer
Authors: Diaz-Lagares Angel , Crujeiras Ana B. , Lopez-Serra Paula , Soler Marta , Setien Fernando , Goyal Ashish , Sandoval Juan , Hashimoto Yutaka , Martinez-Cardús Anna , Gomez Antonio , Heyn Holger , Moutinho Catia , Espada Jesús , Vidal August , Paúles Maria , Galán Maica , Sala Núria , Akiyama Yoshimitsu , Martínez-Iniesta María , Farré Lourdes , Villanueva Alberto , Gross Matthias , Diederichs Sven , Guil Sonia , Esteller Manel 
Published: November 2016

Significance
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are starting to be recognized as critical molecules for cellular transformation, although only a few candidates have so far been characterized. Here we report that TP53TG1 is an lncRNA that is critical for the correct response of p53 to DNA damage. The cancer growth suppressor features of TP53TG1 are linked to its ability to block the tumorigenic activity of the RNA binding protein YBX1. The DNA methylation-associated silencing of TP53TG1 produces aggressive tumors that are resistant to cellular death when DNA-damaging agents and small targeted molecules are used. Our study provides an example of a tumor suppressor lncRNA undergoing an epigenetic lesion in cancer that is placed at the crossroads of DNA damage and oncogenic pathways.
In situ solid-state electrochemistry of mass-selected ions at well-defined electrode–electrolyte interfaces
Authors: Prabhakaran Venkateshkumar , Johnson Grant E. , Wang Bingbing , Laskin Julia 
Published: November 2016

Significance
In situ characterization of kinetics at electrode–electrolyte interfaces (EEIs) is crucial to the rational design of efficient and sustainable solid-state electrochemical technologies. A significant advancement has been made to rationally understand processes at EEIs using solid-state in situ thin-film electrochemical cells fabricated using specially designed ionic liquid membranes with excellent mass-transfer properties. The in situ cells are used to characterize well-defined EEIs generated using ion soft-landing (SL) in controlled environments, both in vacuum and in the presence of reactant gases. Populating EEIs with precisely defined electroactive species using SL facilitates molecular-level understanding of electron transfer processes within deposited species and between species and electrodes, thus providing a powerful methodology to characterize technologically relevant EEIs during operation.
Two-and-a-half-year-olds succeed at a traditional false-belief task with reduced processing demands
Authors: Setoh Peipei , Scott Rose M. , Baillargeon Renée 
Published: November 2016

SignificanceAmong social scientists interested in the development of children’s ability to infer mental states, an enduring controversy concerns false-belief understanding. When tested with traditional tasks, which require answering questions about the likely actions of agents with false beliefs, children do not succeed until age 4 y or later. When given nontraditional tasks without such questions, however, children succeed much earlier. Are traditional tasks more difficult because they tap an advanced form of false-belief understanding or because they impose greater processing demands? Our experiments support the latter possibility: 2.5-y-old toddlers succeeded at a traditional task when response-generation and inhibitory-control demands were both reduced. Traditional tasks thus assess the same form of false-belief understanding as nontraditional tasks but impose additional processing demands.
Keratin mediates the recognition of apoptotic and necrotic cells through dendritic cell receptor DEC205/CD205
Authors: Cao Longxing , Chang Haishuang , Shi Xiangyi , Peng Chao , He Yongning 
Published: November 2016

SignificanceDEC205 (CD205) is an endocytotic receptor on dendritic cells that recognizes dead cells in a pH-dependent fashion and has been widely used for vaccine generation in immune therapies. However, the physiological ligand(s) of DEC205 has remained unknown for decades. Here we identify that keratins are the cellular ligands of human DEC205 and DEC205 recognizes keratins specifically at acidic pH. Keratins are structural proteins providing mechanical support for cells and tissues. Our results suggest that keratins act as markers of dead cells in acidic environments. Moreover, since keratins have been used as diagnostic markers for various tumors, the finding of DEC205 as a scavenging receptor of keratins may provide insights for the therapeutic strategies against tumors and other related diseases.
Electrically tunable laser based on oblique heliconical cholesteric liquid crystal
Authors: Xiang Jie , Varanytsia Andrii , Minkowski Fred , Paterson Daniel A. , Storey John M. D. , Imrie Corrie T. , Lavrentovich Oleg D. , Palffy-Muhoray Peter 
Published: November 2016

SignificanceLiquid-crystal lasers based on micrometer-scale self-organization of organic molecules into the so-called cholesteric liquid crystal are simple to manufacture; they are small in size and low in cost and power consumption. Their potential applications range from sensing and imaging to informational displays and miniature “lab-on-a-chip” devices. We report a cholesteric structure used as the laser’s resonator cavity that enables a continuous real-time tuning of the emitted wavelength in a very broad range by applying an electric field. The structure is heliconical, with the molecules rotating around a helical axis and being tilted toward this axis. The electric field controls the tilt and the pitch, thus changing the wavelength by at least 100 nm.
Archaeal orthologs of Cdc45 and GINS form a stable complex that stimulates the helicase activity of MCM
Authors: Xu Yuli , Gristwood Tamzin , Hodgson Ben , Trinidad Jonathan C. , Albers Sonja-Verena , Bell Stephen D. 
Published: November 2016

Significance
For DNA to be duplicated, it must first be unwound. Here, we examine the nature of the helicase engine that drives this unwinding process. In archaea and eukaryotes, the core helicase is the MCM complex. Our studies reveal that the active form of the archaeal replicative helicase is a complex of MCM with the accessory proteins Cdc45 and GINS. Our work reveals functional conservation of this architecture despite the 2 billion-year evolutionary gulf between archaea and eukaryotes.
Nicotinamide benefits both mothers and pups in two contrasting mouse models of preeclampsia
Authors: Li Feng , Fushima Tomofumi , Oyanagi Gen , Townley-Tilson H. W. Davin , Sato Emiko , Nakada Hironobu , Oe Yuji , Hagaman John R. , Wilder Jennifer , Li Manyu , Sekimoto Akiyo , Saigusa Daisuke , Sato Hiroshi , Ito Sadayoshi , Jennette J. Charles , Maeda Nobuyo , Karumanchi S. Ananth , Smithies Oliver , Takahashi Nobuyuki 
Published: November 2016

Significance
Preeclampsia (PE), high blood pressure and protein in the urine in the last third of pregnancy, complicates about 1 in 20 human pregnancies, and it is one of the leading causes of pregnancy-related maternal deaths. The only definitive treatment, induced delivery, invariably results in premature babies. Blood pressure-lowering drugs help, but results in preventing preterm delivery and correcting the fetal growth restriction (FGR) that also occurs in PE have been disappointing. Here we show that feeding high doses of nicotinamide, a vitamin, improves the maternal condition, prolongs pregnancies, and prevents FGR in mice having PE-like conditions due to two contrasting causes. Because nicotinamide benefits both mothers and pups, it merits evaluation for preventing or treating PE in humans.
The ‘sensory tolerance limit’: A hypothetical construct determining exercise performance?
Authors: Hureau Thomas J. , Romer Lee M. , Amann Markus 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNeuromuscular fatigue compromises exercise performance and is determined by central and peripheral mechanisms. Interactions between the two components of fatigue can occur via neural pathways, including feedback and feedforward processes. This brief review discusses the influence of feedback and feedforward mechanisms on exercise limitation. In terms of feedback mechanisms, particular attention is given to group III/IV sensory neurons which link limb muscle with the central nervous system. Central corollary discharge, a copy of the neural drive from the brain to the working muscles, provides a signal from the motor system to sensory systems and is considered a feedforward mechanism that might influence fatigue and consequently exercise performance. We highlight findings from studies supporting the existence of a ‘critical threshold of peripheral fatigue’, a previously proposed hypothesis based on the idea that a negative feedback loop operates to protect the exercising limb muscle from severe threats to homeostasis during whole‐body exercise. While the threshold theory remains to be disproven within a given task, it is not generalisable across different exercise modalities. The ‘sensory tolerance limit’, a more theoretical concept, may address this issue and explain exercise tolerance in more global terms and across exercise modalities. The ‘sensory tolerance limit’ can be viewed as a negative feedback loop which accounts for the sum of all feedback (locomotor muscles, respiratory muscles, organs, and muscles not directly involved in exercise) and feedforward signals processed within the central nervous system with the purpose of regulating the intensity of exercise to ensure that voluntary activity remains tolerable.
Statistical significance based on length and position of the local score in a model of i.i.d. sequences
Authors: Lagnoux Agnès , Mercier Sabine , Vallois Pierre 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Motivation
The local score of a biological sequence analysis is a mathematical tool largely used to analyse biological sequences. Consequently, determining an accurate estimation of its distribution is crucial.

Results
First, we study the accuracy of classical results on the local score distribution in independent and identically distributed model using a Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness of fit test. Second, we highlight how the length of the segment that realizes the local score improves the classical setting based on local score only. Finally, we study which part of the sequence contributes to the local score.
On the controllability of networks with nonidentical linear nodes
Authors: Arreola-Delgado A , Barajas-Ramírez J G 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The controllability of dynamical networks depends on both network structure and node dynamics. For networks of linearly coupled linear dynamical systems the controllability of the network can be determined using the well-known Kalman rank criterion. In the case of identical nodes the problem can be decomposed in local and structural contributions. However, for strictly different nodes an alternative approach is needed. We decomposed the controllability matrix into a structural component, which only depends on the networks structure and a dynamical component which includes the dynamical description of the nodes in the network. Using this approach we show that controllability of dynamical networks with strictly different linear nodes is dominated by the dynamical component. Therefore even a structurally uncontrollable network of different $n$ dimensional nodes becomes controllable if the dynamics of its nodes are properly chosen. Conversely, a structurally controllable network becomes uncontrollable for a given choice of the node’s dynamics. Furthermore, as nodes are not identical, we can have nodes that are uncontrollable in isolation, while the entire network is controllable, in this sense the node’s controllability is overwritten by the network even if the structure is uncontrollable. We illustrate our results using single-controller networks and extend our findings to conventional networks with large number of nodes.
Natural Law in International Legal Theory
Authors: Gordon Geoff 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of three active periods of natural law scholarship bearing on international legal theory, via two stories that illustrate these to effect. The first story relates in brief the renewed attention to natural law doctrine as part of historiographical and epistemological inquiries in international law and legal theory. The second presents still another means of understanding natural law and its ongoing role in international law, namely as a dialectic by which new conceptions and vocabularies of political organization have arisen under varying historical circumstances. The chapter then traces the role of natural law doctrine as part of a linear consolidation of liberal hegemony internationally from the early modern period forward, and offers the dialectical presentation covering the same time frame. The chapter concludes by returning to how natural law continues to contribute both to the possibility of new normative programs internationally, as well as the hegemonic.
Airborne particulate matter pollution in urban China: a chemical mixture perspective from sources to impacts
Authors: Jin Ling , Luo Xiaosan , Fu Pingqing , Li Xiangdong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRapid urban and industrial development has resulted in severe air-pollution problems in developing countries such as China, especially in highly industrialized and populous urban clusters. Dissecting the complex mixtures of airborne particulate matter (PM) has been a key scientific focus in the last two decades, leading to significant advances in understanding physicochemical compositions for comprehensive source apportionment. However, identifying causative components with an attributable link to population-based health outcomes remains a huge challenge. The microbiome, an integral dimension of the PM mixture, is an unexplored frontier in terms of identities and functions in atmospheric processes and human health. In this review, we identify the major gaps in addressing these issues, and recommend a holistic framework for evaluating the sources, processes and impacts of atmospheric PM pollution. Such an approach and the knowledge generated will facilitate the formulation of regulatory measures to control PM pollution in China and elsewhere.
Possession and Provincial Practice
Authors: Jördens Andrea 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
While Roman law knew various different forms of control, differentiating meticulously between dominium, possessio and detentio, provincial practice was very different, and evidently conformed to the Roman concepts to only a limited degree. The most detailed information on the condition of property in the provinces of the Imperium Romanum, and the way Rome handled the legal structures and concepts encountered in each case, is without a doubt to be obtained from Aegyptus, on account of the wealth of evidence which has come down to us on papyrus. These sources show that although the Romans respected existing constructs, they nonetheless shoehorned them into their own system, which fundamentally differentiated between ager publicus and ager privatus. This brought with it simplifications with regard to administration. These are outlined in this chapter.