bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Conversion of Mono‐ and Polysaccharides into 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Ionic‐Liquid Mixtures
Authors: Siankevich Sviatlana , Fei Zhaofu , Scopelliti Rosario , Jessop Philip G. , Zhang Jiaguang , Yan Ning , Dyson Paul J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPlatform chemicals are usually derived from petrochemical feedstocks. A sustainable alternative commences with lignocellulosic biomass, a renewable feedstock, but one that is highly challenging to process. Ionic liquids (ILs) are able to solubilize biomass and, in the presence of catalysts, convert the biomass into useful platform chemicals. Herein, we demonstrate that mixtures of ILs are powerful systems for the selective catalytic transformation of cellulose into 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Combining ILs with continuous HMF extraction into methyl‐isobutyl ketone or 1,2‐dimethoxyethane, which form a biphase with the IL mixture, allows the online separation of HMF in high yield. This one‐step process is operated under relatively mild conditions and represents a significant step forward towards sustainable HMF production.
A Facile Surface Passivation of Hematite Photoanodes with Iron Titanate Cocatalyst for Enhanced Water Splitting
Authors: Wang Lei , Nguyen Nhat Truong , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe surface modification of semiconductor photoelectrodes with passivation overlayers has attracted great attention as an effective strategy to improve the charge separation and charge transfer processes across the semiconductor‐electrolyte interface. In this work, a thin Fe2TiO5 layer was decorated on nanostructured hematite nanoflake and nanocoral photoanodes (by thermal oxidation of iron foils) by a facile water‐based solution method. Photoelectrochemical measurements show that the Fe2O3/Fe2TiO5 heterostructure exhibits an obvious enhancement in photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance compared to the pristine hematite. For example, at 1.23 V versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE) in 1 m KOH under AM 1.5 G (100 mW cm−2) illumination, a 4–8× increase in the water oxidation photocurrent is achieved for Fe2O3/Fe2TiO5, and a considerable cathodic shift of the onset potential up to 0.53–0.62 VRHE is obtained. Moreover, the performance of the Fe2O3/Fe2TiO5 heterostructure can be further improved by decoration with a SnOx layer. The enhancement in photocurrent can be attributed to the synergistic effect of Fe2TiO5/SnOx overlayers passivating surface states, and thus reducing surface electron–hole recombination.
Lamina specific postnatal development of PKCγ interneurons within the rat medullary dorsal horn
Authors: Mermet‐Joret Noemie , Chatila Nadwa , Pereira Bruno , Monconduit Lénaic , Dallel Radhouane , Antri Myriam 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTProtein kinase C gamma (PKCγ) interneurons, located in the superficial spinal (SDH) and medullary dorsal horns (MDH), have been shown to play a critical role in cutaneous mechanical hypersensitivity. However, a thorough characterization of their development in the MDH is lacking. Here, it is shown that the number of PKCγ‐ir interneurons changes from postnatal day 3 (P3) to P60 (adult) and such developmental changes differ according to laminae. PKCγ‐ir interneurons are already present at P3‐5 in laminae I, IIo, and III. In lamina III, they then decrease from P11–P15 to P60. Interestingly, PKCγ‐ir interneurons appear only at P6 in lamina IIi, and they conversely increase to reach adult levels at P11–15. Analysis of neurogenesis using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) does not detect any PKCγ‐BrdU double‐labeling in lamina IIi. Quantification of the neuronal marker, NeuN, reveals a sharp neuronal decline (∼50%) within all superficial MDH laminae during early development (P3–15), suggesting that developmental changes in PKCγ‐ir interneurons are independent from those of other neurons. Finally, neonatal capsaicin treatment, which produces a permanent loss of most unmyelinated afferent fibers, has no effect on the development of PKCγ‐ir interneurons. Together, the results show that: (i) the expression of PKCγ‐ir interneurons in MDH is developmentally regulated with a critical period at P11‐P15, (ii) PKCγ‐ir interneurons are developmentally heterogeneous, (iii) lamina IIi PKCγ‐ir interneurons appear less vulnerable to cell death, and (iv) postnatal maturation of PKCγ‐ir interneurons is due to neither neurogenesis, nor neuronal migration, and is independent of C‐fiber development. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 102–119, 2017
Aridity, not fire, favors nitrogen‐fixing plants across tropical savanna and forest biomes
Authors: Pellegrini Adam F. A. , Staver A. Carla , Hedin Lars O. , Charles‐Dominique Tristan , Tourgee Amy 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTropical savannas are hypothesized to be hot spots of nitrogen‐fixer diversity and activity because of the high disturbance and low nitrogen characteristic of savanna landscapes. Here we compare the abundances of nitrogen‐fixing and non‐fixing trees in both tropical savannas and tropical forests under climatically equivalent conditions, using plant inventory studies across 566 plots in South America and Africa. A single factor, aridity, explained 19–54% of the variance in fixer abundance, and unexpectedly was more important than fire frequency, biome, and continent. Nitrogen fixers were more abundant in arid environments; as a result, African savannas, which tend to be drier, were richer in nitrogen fixers than South American savannas. Fixer abundance converged on similar levels in forests in both continents. We conclude that climate plays a greater role than fire in determining the distribution of nitrogen fixers across tropical savanna and forest biomes.
Re‐construing politics: The dual impacts of abstraction on political ideology
Authors: Chan Eugene Y. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe influence of construal level on political ideology is unclear. Some research says that abstraction polarizes political attitudes by making liberals more liberal and conservatives more conservative. Other research instead argues that an abstract construal causes people to exhibit similar political attitudes as each other. The current research presents two experiments in which abstraction polarizes political attitudes on issues of social inequality. However, abstraction also increases traditionalism, and so it increases a preference for maintaining the societal status quo, such as by increasing one's disagreement with or opposition to homosexuality. The dual impacts of abstraction parallel the two distinct dimensions of political ideology (i.e., acceptance of social inequality and preference for the status quo), both of which prior research on construal level has not yet considered. Overall, the current findings indicate that the effects of construal level and the dimensions underlying political ideology need to be teased apart to fully understand the exact relationship between the two.
Non‐enzymatic Electrochemical Oxidation Based on AuNP/PPy/rGO Nanohybrid Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode as a Sensing Platform for Oxalic Acid
Authors: Sharma Pratigya , Radhakrishnan Sivaprakasam , Jayaseelan Santhana Sivabalan , Kim Byoung‐Suhk 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this study, a nanohybrid of gold nanoparticle, polypyrrole, and reduced graphene oxide (AuNP/PPy/rGO) was prepared by an in‐situ chemical synthesis approach. The as‐prepared nanohybrid has been applied for non‐enzymatic electrochemical detection of oxalic acid (OA). The nanohybrid nanocomposite material (AuNP/PPy/rGO) was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry (CV), and further employed as novel sensing material to quantify OA. Compared with PPy/rGO, the AuNP/PPy/rGO nanocomposite showed enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards OA oxidation. The oxidation current of OA is linear to its concentration in the range of 0.05 mM to 7 mM with a lower detection limit of 0.02 mM. The experimental results also showed that the fabricated sensor has good reproducibility (R.S.D=2.59 % for 0.5 mM, n=3), high sensitivity (91 μA/mM), excellent stability and good anti‐interference property against electroactive compounds and metal ions.
Concept Study for Competitive Power Generation from Chemical Looping Combustion of Natural Gas
Authors: Zerobin Florian , Bertsch Otmar , Penthor Stefan , Pröll Tobias 
Published: June 2016

AbstractChemical looping combustion (CLC) offers the possibility for efficient fuel conversion with inherent CO2 capture and is expected to significantly reduce the energy penalty associated with CO2 capture processes. Feasibility of the concept has been shown and studied thoroughly in lab experiments whereas the potential for power generation on a large scale will depend on the process configuration. Two different scenarios for competitive power generation from atmospheric pressure CLC of natural gas have been assessed in this study using process simulation. Process design is shown and discussed based on net electric efficiencies.
THE FEASIBILITY OF USING “PREMIESTART,” A MOTHER–PREMATURE INFANT INTERACTION PROGRAM, ON A NEONATAL UNIT IN ENGLAND
Authors: Dibley Alexandra L. , Rydin‐Orwin Tracy , Stedmon Jacqui , Dallos Rudi 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThis article explores the feasibility of running “PremieStart,” a nine‐individual‐session maternal–premature infant interaction program, within a neonatal unit (NNU) in England. Four mothers of premature infants completed seven sessions on the NNU and two at home. Mothers and NNU staff provided feedback on PremieStart. Measures of maternal–infant relationship, maternal well‐being, and maternal reflective functioning were completed before and after intervention. Thematic analysis of mothers’ feedback highlighted the emotional, but cathartic, experience of engaging with PremieStart. NNU staff feedback indicated the need to include them more in PremieStart. Both mothers and staff were supportive of future implementation of PremieStart and highlighted the ongoing need for psychological support on the NNU. PremieStart was implemented with positive feedback from mothers and staff, with support shown for the continued use of PremieStart in the NNU. However, for future implementation, the self‐report outcome measures need reviewing, and more involvement of fathers and NNU staff is needed. In addition, a larger sample with a control group should be utilized.
Immune response genes receptors expression and polymorphisms in relation to multiple sclerosis susceptibility and response to INF‐β therapy
Authors: Karam Rehab A. , Rezk Noha A. , Amer Mona M. , Fathy Hala A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInterferon (IFN)‐β is one of the disease modifying drugs used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis. A predictive marker that indicates good or poor response to the treatment is highly desirable. We aimed to investigate the relation between the immune response genes receptors (IFNAR1, IFNAR2, and CCR5) expression and their polymorhic variants and multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility as well as the response to IFN‐β therapy. The immune response genes receptors expression and genotyping were analyzed in 80 patients with MS, treated with IFN‐β and in 110 healthy controls. There was a significant decrease of IFNAR1 and IFNAR2 mRNA expression and a significant increase of CCR5 mRNA expression in MS patients compared with the control group. Also, the level of IFNAR1, IFNAR2, and CCR5 mRNA expression was found to be significantly lower in the responders than nonresponders. Carriers of IFNAR1 18417 C/C genotype and C allele had an increased risk of developing MS. There was a significant relation between CCR5 Δ32 allele and IFN‐β treatment response in MS patients. Our results highlighted the significance of IFNAR and CCR5 genes in multiple sclerosis risk and the response to IFN‐β therapy. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(9):727–734, 2016
Mediterranean Diet and Hip Fracture in Swedish Men and Women
Authors: Byberg Liisa , Bellavia Andrea , Larsson Susanna C , Orsini Nicola , Wolk Alicja , Michaëlsson Karl 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

A Mediterranean diet, known to have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health, may also influence the risk of hip fracture although previous studies present discrepant results. We therefore aimed to determine whether the rate of hip fracture was associated with degree of adherence to a Mediterranean diet. We combined two Swedish cohort studies consisting of 37,903 men and 33,403 women (total n = 71,333, mean age 60 years) free of previous cardiovascular disease and cancer who answered a medical and a food-frequency questionnaire in 1997. A modified Mediterranean diet score (mMED; range, 0 to 8 points) was created based on high consumption of fruits and vegetables, legumes and nuts, whole grains, fermented dairy products, fish, and olive/rapeseed oil, moderate intake of alcohol, and low intake of red and processed meat. Incident hip fractures between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2012, were retrieved from the National Patient Register. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) adjusted for potential confounders were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Differences in age at hip fracture were calculated using multivariable Laplace regression. During follow-up, 3175 hip fractures occurred at a median age of 73.3 years. One unit increase in the mMED was associated with 6% lower hip fracture rate (adjusted HR = 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92 to 0.96) and with a 3-month higher median age at hip fracture (50th percentile difference = 2.8 months; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.2). Comparing the highest quintile of adherence to the mMED (6 to 8 points) with the lowest (0 to 2 points) conferred an adjusted HR of hip fracture of 0.78 (95% CI, 0.69 to 0.89) and a 12-month higher median age of hip fracture (50th percentile difference = 11.6 months; 95% CI, 4.2 to 19.0). Results were similar in men and women. We conclude that higher adherence to a Mediterranean-like diet is associated with lower risk of future hip fracture. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Development and Validation of Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Risperidone and 9‐Hydroxyrisperidone in Pediatric Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Vanwong Natchaya , Prommas Santirat , Puangpetch Apichaya , Hongkaew Yaowaluck , Nuntamool Nopadol , Nakorn Chalitpol Na , Ngamsamut Nattawat , Limsila Penkhae , Sukasem Chonlaphat 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundRisperidone (RIS) is a widely used atypical antipsychotic drug. We developed and validated a sensitive and accurate LC‐MS/MS method, which requires a small‐volume of plasma and small‐volume injection for measurement of RIS levels in ASD pediatric patients. We also investigated the relationship between RIS levels and RIS dosages, including prolactin levels.MethodBlood samples were processed by protein precipitation extraction. Only 1 μl of sample was injected. Plasma samples were separated on a C18 column (4.6 cm × 50 mm; 1.8 μm particle size). Detection was by MS‐MS with an analytical run time of 6 min.ResultsThe inter‐day accuracy of RIS was 101.33–107.68% and 95.24–103.67% for 9‐OH‐RIS. The inter‐day precision of RIS was ≤7.27% CV and ≤7.41% CV for 9‐OH‐RIS. The extraction recovery of RIS and 9‐OH‐RIS were 95.01 ± 7.31–112.62 ± 7.50% and 90.27 ± 11.15–114.00 ± 10.35%, respectively. This method was applied in the therapeutic drug monitoring of ASD pediatric patients. Higher RIS dosage has a tendency to produce higher RIS plasma levels. The high RIS plasma levels have a tendency to produce hyperprolactinemia.ConclusionThe determination of RIS in individual patients might be clinically useful for monitoring and prediction of treatment response.
Splitting of magnetic dipole modes in anisotropic TiO2 micro‐spheres
Authors: Khromova Irina , Kužel Petr , Brener Igal , Reno John L. , Chung Seu U‐Chan , Elissalde Catherine , Maglione Mario , Mounaix Patrick , Mitrofanov Oleg 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMonocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) micro‐spheres support two orthogonal magnetic dipole modes at terahertz (THz) frequencies due to strong dielectric anisotropy. For the first time, we experimentally detected the splitting of the first Mie mode in spheres of radii m through near‐field time‐domain THz spectroscopy. By fitting the Fano lineshape model to the experimentally obtained spectra of the electric field detected by the sub‐wavelength aperture probe, we found that the magnetic dipole resonances in TiO2 spheres have narrow linewidths of only tens of gigahertz. Anisotropic TiO2 micro‐resonators can be used to enhance the interplay of magnetic and electric dipole resonances in the emerging THz all‐dielectric metamaterial technology.
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Hierarchically Structured Poly(alkyl‐p‐xylylene) Nonwovens with Superhydrophobic Properties
Authors: Paulus Ilka E. , Moss Tobias , Greiner Andreas 
Published: June 2016

Hierarchically structured poly(alkyl‐p‐xylylene) (alkyl‐PPX) nonwovens are prepared by specific parameter variation during the electrospinning process. The investigated parameters are changes in solutions properties and ambient humidity level, which lead to the formation of different fiber architectures and surface morphologies. The characterization of the nonwovens by scanning electron microscopy confirms the formation of hierarchically structured fibers, comprising bead‐on‐string architecture if spun from tetra­hydrofuran (THF) solutions, and porous surfaces at relative humidity (RH) levels > 30% for both chloroform and THF solutions. The wetting properties of nonwovens spun from THF and chloroform solutions are analyzed by water contact angle (CA) measurements, roll‐angle determination, and high speed imaging. PPX‐heptyl and PPX‐butyl fiber mats spun from 2.5 wt% THF and PPX‐heptyl spun from 3 wt% chloroform solutions at RH > 75% show superhydrophobic and self‐cleaning properties with CA > 153° and roll‐off angles of 10–15°. The nonwovens maintain their fiber morphology and water‐repellent properties after thermal and mechanical stress.image
Wilkinson power divider‐based cmos quasi‐circulator for single‐antenna radar systems
Authors: Wang Sen , Wu Yen‐Bin 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThis letter presents lumped Wilkinson power divider (WPD)‐based quasi‐circulator (QC) for single‐antenna radar system applications at K‐band. The design incorporating a power amplifier (PA), a WPD, and a low‐noise amplifier (LNA), acts as a QC. All the circuits are designed and implemented in a standard 0.18‐μm CMOS process. The two amplifiers both adopt negative feedback to increase their circuit stability, and the PA uses a PMOS transistor for gate bias to improve its linearity. Moreover, the lumped WPD not only achieves compact size but also maintains excellent isolation and low loss. The overall performances can be also evaluated easily by the subcircuits. The proposed design features greater than 29.5‐dB isolation between TX and RX, and achieves 4.1‐dB and 7.8‐dB transmission gain from TX to ANT and ANT to RX, respectively. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2065–2068, 2016
Photonic UP‐convertion of carrierless amplitude phase signals for wireless communications on the KA‐band
Authors: Rodriguez Sebastian , Puerta Rafael , Kim Hoon , Vegas Olmos Juan J. , Tafur Monroy Idelfonso 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn this letter, the viability of wireless transmission of carrierless amplitude/phase (CAP) CAP modulation signals using photonic up‐conversion with two free‐running lasers is experimentally demonstrated. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2068–2070, 2016
Compact meandered‐shape electromagnetic bandgap structure using in a microstrip array antenna application
Authors: Toolabi Mohammad , Sadeghzadeh R.A. , Nasser‐Moghadasi Mohammad 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn this letter, a novel spiral shape for electromagnetic bandgap structure (EBG) is presented for array structure. By implementation of the spiral formation, the inductance of the EBG unit cell will be increased and the unit cells are compacted around 36% for 3.6 GHz in comparison to conventional EBG unit cells. The prototype model of unit cells is used for 2 × 2 element microstrip patch array antenna with slot feed for improving the radiation gain of the antenna by reducing the mutual coupling effect of the antenna. Suppression of surface waves using EBG has improved the gain about 1.2 dB. Finally, an antenna prototype was fabricated and tested. Good agreement between simulation and measurement is obtained that verified the performance of the proposed structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2084–2088, 2016
Wide to multiband reconfigurable antenna
Authors: Idris I. H. , Hamid M. R. , Kamardin K. , Rahim M. K. A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTA wideband antenna fed by a coplanar waveguide (CPW) with reconfigurable function is presented. The wideband function is achieved from 1.39 GHz to 8.11 GHz using an elliptical radiator with a CPW feed line. Meanwhile, three pairs of slot dipoles which are fed by CPW are used to achieve triple‐band function at 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 5.2 GHz. Four ideal switches are placed on the proposed antenna. The proposed antenna is designed, simulated, fabricated and tested. All simulated and measured results of return loss, radiation pattern and gain are presented. Good results of return loss and radiation pattern are obtained thus verifying that the proposed antenna is suitable for future multimode radio systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2079–2082, 2016
Terahertz substrateless transmitarray antenna design and microfabrication
Authors: Liu Guang , Wang Hongjian , Jiang Jingshan , Xue Fei 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTA terahertz substrateless transmitarray antenna using four layers of slot type elements is presented. Because the element contains no dielectric substrate, reflection loss on the surface of dielectric and transmission loss in the dielectric could be effectively avoided at terahertz band. A terahertz transmitarray antenna working at 340 GHz is designed and fabricated by photolithography technique and electroplating processes. DRIE process and wet anisotropic etching technique were used to remove the substrate. The measured directivity of the antenna prototype is 34.9 dB, and half power beam width (HPBW) of E‐plane and H‐plane are 3.3° and 3.4°, respectively. The measured sidelobe level is below −22 dB. The measured results show that good radiation characteristics are achieved by the proposed design and microfabrication processes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2096–2100, 2016
A novel lumped‐parameter model of crosstalk between vias in high‐speed PCBS
Authors: Cheng Weichang , Xu Shen , Yu Juzheng , Sun Weifeng 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe method for lumped‐parameter via crosstalk (LPVC) model development is proposed in this letter. Good agreement between the full‐wave modeling and the physics‐based via simulation has been achieved in frequency‐domain. This model is easier to construct and allows researchers to better understand the impact of each parameter on crosstalk between via than former models. Analysis results show that, both power/ground (P/G) geometry and via distance have significant influences on crosstalk between vias on high‐speed printed circuit board (PCB). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2088–2090, 2016