bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual orientation, entrepreneurship, and firm survival
Authors: Backman Mikaela , Carpenter Christopher S. , Dujeancourt Erwan , Mann Samuel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe provide new evidence on sexual orientation, entrepreneurship, and firm survival using Swedish population register data linked to business registry data from 1995 to 2020. Over this period, we study over 19,000 individuals who ever entered a legal same-sex union and compare their entrepreneurship and firm level outcomes with individuals exclusively in different-sex unions. We find that sexual minority men are 7.8% less likely than comparable heterosexual men to be entrepreneurs, while sexual minority women are 4.8% more likely than comparable heterosexual women to be entrepreneurs. Both differences are statistically significant. We also provide the first evidence regarding the survival of sexual minority founded firms compared to firms founded by heterosexual individuals. Our results show that firms founded by sexual minority women fail more quickly than observably similar firms founded by heterosexual women, with no significant survival difference observed for sexual minority men. We explore the role of several external and internal factors that may explain these underlying patterns and find that lack of a ‘trapped market’ may contribute to the higher failure rate of firms founded by sexual minority women. We also find suggestive support for a role of romantic partners in explaining differences in firm survival experienced by sexual minority women compared to heterosexual women.
Mind-Body Medicine in the Treatment of Depression: A Narrative Review of Efficacy, Safety and Mechanisms
Authors: Kucukosmanoglu Hazal Sarak , Cramer Holger , Tavakoly Rahele , Moosburner Alina , Bilc Mirela-Ioana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose of the Review
This narrative review examines the efficacy, mechanisms and safety of mind-body medicine (MBM) in the treatment of depression. We reviewed the potential effects of various MBM interventions such as yoga, tai chi, qigong, mindfulness-based interventions and nutrition on clinical and subthreshold depressive symptoms.

Recent Findings
Current studies indicate a growing interest in the use of MBM for psychiatric disorders, including depression. MBM interventions demonstrate efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms with fewer adverse effects and costs compared to pharmacological treatments.

Summary
MBM has significant potential to improve mental health outcomes for depression. These interventions encourage self-care and stress management through behavioural, exercise, relaxation and nutritional approaches. While existing data are promising, further, more rigorous studies are required to confirm long-term effectiveness and to determine the role of MBM in comprehensive depression treatment strategies.
Exploring Selectivity of Supercritical-CO2 for Vitamin E Extraction from Canola Seeds
Authors: Shi John , Xue Sophia , Sun Qingrui , Scanlon Martin , Yao John , Li Xiaoyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The objective of the current study was to investigate the selectivity of supercritical-CO2 for extraction and concentration of Vitamin E components from canola seeds. The selectively extracted Vitamin E in supercritical-CO2 solvent was related to pressure, temperature, and density through the developed thermodynamic modeling approach. The results suggested that increased pressure and density would enhance the selectivity of supercritical-CO2 solvent, consequently obtaining highly concentrated Vitamin E. The thermodynamic modeling equations have correlated the selectivity of supercritical-CO2 solvent for extracting Vitamin E in terms of processing conditions including pressure, temperature, and density of the supercritical-CO2 solvent fluid. The activity coefficient in thermodynamic modeling was involved with those key parameters that are important in determining selectivity, concentration, and extraction results. The supercritical-CO2 solvent can be made highly selective by precisely controlling the operating pressure and temperature. This allowed the supercritical-CO2 solvent to achieve the desired density in the supercritical phase, thereby enhancing the selectivity for targeted components. The thermodynamic mathematical modeling offered valuable insights for enhancing extraction processes in industrial settings. A high regression coefficient via linear structural modeling analysis indicated that the response equation fitted with the experimental data (R
2 = 0.8737). The experimental results for the separation parameters provide optimal selectivity of supercritical-CO2 solvent for extracting and concentrating Vitamin E compounds for establishing commercial production.
Comparative mortality in pituitary adenomas subtypes: a tertiary referral center study
Authors: Toma Iustin Daniel , Niculescu Dan Alexandru , Găloiu Simona Andreea , Trifănescu Raluca Alexandra , Poiană Cătălina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Mortality in pituitary adenomas (PAs) has been extensively compared to general population. However, direct comparisons between PA subtypes are scarce. We aimed to compare mortality in various subtypes of PA (acromegaly, Cushing’s disease (CD), macroprolactinomas and non-functioning pituitary macroadenomas (MacroNFPA)), within a single referral center.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed mortality and survival time in all 962 PAs admitted in our department between 2011 and 2023: acromegaly (n = 306), CD (n = 69), macroprolactinoma (n = 168) and MacroNFPA (n = 419).

Results
Median follow-up was 10.2 (5.2, 15.2) years. The overall survival probability was 90.9% and 78.1% after 10 and 20 years respectively with age at diagnosis as the only significant predictor. There were no significant differences in survival probability between various PA subtypes in the whole cohort. In patients over 45 years of age at diagnosis there was a significant difference in survival probability between the four groups (p = 0.01) in the first 15 years of follow-up. In head-to-head comparisons CD had a significantly higher mortality risk than patients with acromegaly (HR 3.38 [CI 95% 1.07 to 10.60]) even after adjusting for age and sex.

Conclusion
Patients diagnosed with CD after 45 years of age have a significantly lower survival probability than other PA subtypes in the first 15 years of follow-up. All other PA subtypes had a similar survival probability after adjusting for age and sex. Due to advances in medical treatment of hormone secreting tumors, mortality in patients with PAs might increasingly depend more on tumor mass than on hormonal hypersecretion.
A longitudinal study of the psychological predictors of mental health and stress among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany
Authors: Karing Constance , Oeltjen Lara 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRepeated nationwide lockdowns and contact restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany massively affected students’ life.There is a lack of longitudinal studies on the change in students’ mental health problems and the influencing factors across the pandemic phases. The aims of the longitudinal study were to investigate the change in students’ depression, anxiety and stress across a one-and-a-half-year study period of the pandemic in Germany and the association between protective (mindfulness, coping strategies, self-efficacy) and risk factors (financial and academic worries) and students’ mental health issues and stress. A subsample of 911 university students was included in the longitudinal analyses. Students were surveyed at four points during the first and second years of the pandemic. Linear mixed-effects modelling was used to investigate our research questions. The models investigated the protective and risk factors as time-invariant and time-varying covariates. The results showed that depression, anxiety and stress decreased slightly over the pandemic. Further, mindfulness and active coping remained equally important over time for reducing depression, anxiety and stress. However, self-efficacy and acceptance became more critical for reducing mental health issues or stress over time. Although financial worries remained equally important for depression, anxiety and stress throughout the pandemic, academic worries became more important for mental health issues over time.The study provides insights into protective and risk factors throughout the pandemic. The results highlight the importance of investigating time-invariant and time-varying predictors of mental health issues.
The brief scale of existential loneliness: scale development and psychometric evaluation
Authors: McKenna-Plumley Phoebe E. , Turner Rhiannon N. , Yang Keming , Groarke Jenny M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLoneliness is a common and distressing experience which has an existential dimension. Existential loneliness is understudied and a brief, valid measure which is grounded in experiences of the phenomenon and captures its distressing nature is needed. This study therefore developed the Brief Scale of Existential Loneliness. Scale items were developed based on a literature review and qualitative inquiry. Potential items were reviewed by academic experts, experts by experience, and potential participants for relevance and clarity. Scale structure was assessed through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with 714 participants (17–84 years old, M = 42.25, SD = 20.22) and reliability and validity were investigated. Tests of dimensionality revealed a 6-item unidimensional scale. The scale possesses high internal consistency and construct validity. Consistent with predictions, scale scores are negatively correlated with meaning in life and positively correlated with loneliness (broadly defined), poor mental health, emptiness, and related constructs. The Brief Scale of Existential Loneliness is a short, valid, and reliable measure of existential loneliness which may be usefully employed alongside measures of other loneliness dimensions.
Access to Food vs. Education - Feeding the Stomach is Important for Feeding the Mind
Authors: Barnabas Bulus , Bavorova Miroslava , Imami Drini , Zhllima Edvin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA school feeding program (SFP) influences school attendance and performance because better nutrition by default implies better physical and mental performance. SFP is an important motivation to attend school, especially in an area of extreme poverty and food insecurity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of SFP on school attendance of students in the North-Eastern region of Nigeria, based on data from a cross-sectional comparative study of 780 aged between 6 and 13 year old selected primary schools in the North-Eastern region of Nigeria, conducted between November 2020 and February 2021 in selected primary schools in the North-Eastern region of Nigeria. We used different matching techniques and an endogenous switching regression approach to analyze the average treatment effect (ATT). The results show that the school feeding program has consistently positive and statistically significant effects on school attendance in all three models. The positive effect of SFP is stronger for students from larger households and for those living in remote areas. The direction and magnitude of the estimated impacts are consistent across specifications. In order to increase school attendance, the government should expand SFP coverage throughout the country, with priority given to conflict areas.
Mathematical analysis and numerical comparison of energy-conservative schemes for the Zakharov equations
Authors: Kawai Shuto , Sato Shun , Matsuo Takayasu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFurihata and Matsuo proposed in 2010 an energy-conserving scheme for the Zakharov equations, as an application of the discrete variational derivative method (DVDM). This scheme is distinguished from conventional methods (in particular the one devised by Glassey (Math Comput 58(197):83–102, 1992)) in that the invariants are consistent with respect to time, but it has not been sufficiently studied both theoretically and numerically. In this study, we theoretically prove the solvability under the loosest possible assumptions. We also prove the convergence of this DVDM scheme by improving the argument by Glassey. Furthermore, we perform intensive numerical experiments for comparing the above two schemes. It is found that the DVDM scheme is superior in terms of accuracy, but since it is fully-implicit, the linearly-implicit Glassey scheme is better for practical efficiency. In addition, we proposed a way to choose a solution for the first step that would allow Glassey’s scheme to work more efficiently.
Mind the Gap! LGBTQ + Population’s Perceptions of Discrimination and of Legal Innovation
Authors: de Abreu Maria Simões , António Raquel , Moleiro Carla 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Homosexuality was decriminalized in Portugal in 1982, and several legislative changes have emerged since the beginning of the twenty-first century. However, 2010 marked the beginning of the approval of fundamental laws for the life of LGBTQ + people, such as same-sex marriage, access to parenthood and the right to self-determination of gender identity. Despite these advances, discrimination is still present in Portuguese society.

Methods
The aim of this investigation is to study the processes and experiences of discrimination of LGBTQ + people in their daily lives, analyzing the perception of the discrepancy between legislation and the experiences of participants. Its aim is also to analyze the strategies suggested by the participants to reduce this discrepancy. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 21 LGBTQ + participants, of various sexual orientations (six gay men, three lesbian women, six bisexual persons, five pansexual individuals, and one who identified as “other”) and gender identities (six transgender participants, including two trans men, two non-binary persons, one trans woman, and one genderqueer participant).

Results
Content analysis of these interviews resulted in 828 units of analysis coded in 30 categories. The participants reported that they have gone through multiple experiences of discrimination in different contexts and that they recognize forces of resistance to legal innovation.

Conclusion
There is a gap between legal advances and the experiences of LGBTQ+ people in Portugal, who still report discrimination experiences in many domains of daily life.

Policy Implications
Implications for research and public policies are presented, particularly considering the need to inform and provide training to both strategic audiences and stakeholders and to inform the larger population to promote social change.
Genetic diversity and structure of Persicaria amphibia (Polygonaceae) in South Korea using genotyping by sequencing
Authors: Choi KyoungSu , Hwang Yong , Hong Jeong-Ki , Park So Young 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background

Persicaria amphibia, a member of the Polygonaceae family, exists both aquatic and terrestrial forms. It is native to North America, Asia, Europe, and some parts of Africa.

Objective
This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity within and among populations of P. amphibia and the distribution characteristics of each population to investigate insights into the genetic structure and conservation of P. amphibia.

Methods
In this study, the genetic diversity and structure of 84 P. amphibia individuals from 7 populations in South Korea were analyzed using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). We used 2,469 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to analyze genetic diversity, principal components, structure, and phylogeny.

Results
Our results showed a mean observed heterozygosity and mean expected heterozygosity of 0.34409 and 0.34082, respectively. Genetic diversity analysis indicated that the variation among populations (60.08%) was greater than that within populations (39.92%). Fixation index values, principal components analysis, structure, and phylogeny analyses showed that the population in Gyodongdo, Ganghwa Island was highly different.

Conclusion
These results provide important insights for better understand the population history and genetic structure of P. amphibia.
Multi-scale Adaptive Feature Fusion Hashing for Image Retrieval
Authors: Jiang Xiangkui , Hu Fei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe hash algorithm has the characteristics of high computational speed and low memory consumption, making it well-suited for massive image search tasks. Currently, most methods rely on deep learning for end-to-end feature extraction and hash encoding. These methods use the last layer feature of the model as the semantic feature of the hash encoding image. However, mainstream research has not realized that the features of different stages of the network contain rich image semantic information, which all affect the performance of retrieval. Based on this, we propose a multi-scale adaptive feature fusion hash image retrieval method, which mines more detailed information about the image by introducing adaptive feature fusion modules at different stages of the network, and incorporates shallow features in the final extracted features to help the model understand the image content. In addition, to maintain the similarity of the generated image hash codes and reduce errors in the process of transitioning from original features to hash codes, similarity loss and quantization loss are applied, while fully utilizing the supervised information of dataset labels to get high-quality hash codes. Experimental proof conducted on the CIFAR-10 and NUS-WIDE datasets that this method outperforms other deep learning-based hash image retrieval methods.
Indigenous higher degree by research students’ retention and completion: a scoping review
Authors: Baeza Pena Angela , Xing Congcong , Blue Levon , Pham Thu , Saward Melanie , Anderson Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIndigenous higher degree by research (HDR) students encounter persistent barriers within academia that impede their completion rates. This scoping review identified 17 papers published between 2016 and 2022 that relate to retention or completion rates of Indigenous HDR. Papers identified are from Australia, United States, New Zealand and Canada, and most of them have at least one Indigenous author. Two research questions guided this process: (1) What are the enablers that facilitate continuation and completion of HDR programs by Indigenous people? And (2) What barriers affect entry into, and completion of, HDR programs by Indigenous people? The review indicates a pressing need for enhanced support aimed at bolstering completion rates among Indigenous research students. What is required is prioritising various forms of assistance, including the provision of culturally responsive supervision, dedicated Indigenous staffed spaces, and a culturally secure environment that recognises and embraces Indigenous knowledge and perspectives.
Is it Time for a Sleep Medicine Hospitalist?
Authors: Ascher Kori B. , Abreu Alexandre R. , Chediak Alejandro D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review examines the integration of sleep medicine as an inpatient service for managing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in hospitalized patients. It aims to assess the clinical benefits, economic implications, and operational challenges of introducing specialized sleep medicine programs within hospital settings.

Recent Findings
Research indicates that effective OSA management with positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy can reduce hospital readmissions, healthcare costs, and improve patient outcomes. However, diagnosing and managing OSA in hospitals face challenges such as the impracticality of polysomnography and financial constraints.

Summary
Implementing a sleep medicine hospitalist role could address these challenges by providing specialized care, optimizing OSA management and enhancing patient outcomes. The integration of sleep medicine into inpatient care offers potential improvements in sleep quality and healthcare resource utilization,underscoring the need for further exploration and development of sleep medicine services within hospitals.
Inquiring the robot operating system community on the state of adoption of the ROS 2 robotics middleware
Authors: Portugal David , Rocha Rui P. , Castilho João P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe robot operating system (ROS) is a well-established and popular open-source robotics middleware used for rapid prototyping of robotic applications. However, ROS has several known weaknesses, such as lack of support for real-time systems and limitations in fully distributed deployments with multiple robots. To address these weaknesses, ROS underwent a major update and the first version of ROS 2 was released back in 2015, being lingeringly adopted by the community in recent years. Yet, long-term support for ROS 1 will come to an end on May 2025. As such, it is more important than ever to analyze and explore the features of ROS 2, and understand its technological readiness. This work focuses on the state of adoption of ROS 2. Specifically, the article presents a user experience questionnaire targeting the ROS community to understand the more eminent needs with respect to ROS 2, determine the current levels of adoption, and identify what is holding the community back from migrating their ROS 1 applications to ROS 2. Results with more than 100 participants from around the world show that the community is aware of ROS 2 and the middleware is addressing most user expectations. We unveil the main reasons given for not migrating to ROS 2, further understand the community’s views on ROS 2, and identify what is missing to anticipate ROS 1 users migrating to ROS 2 and make ROS 2 widely adopted. Moreover, we gather important impressions on the appropriateness of ROS 2 for multi-robot system use cases.
Exploring Fish Processing By-Products as an Alternative Source of Bioactive Peptides: A Review on Extraction and Food Applications
Authors: Ghalamara Soudabeh , Brazinha Carla , Silva Sara , Pintado Manuela 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
This review explores non-thermal-based extraction techniques for obtaining bioactive peptides from fish processing by-products. It emphasizes the potential of these peptides as alternatives in the development of functional foods. With a focus on preserving bioactivity, the review aims to explore the utilization of fish peptides in food applications.

Recent Findings
Recent research highlights the potential of bioactive peptides in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Fish processing by-products are valuable sources of these peptides. Non-thermal technologies preserve their bioactivity, while encapsulation techniques further enhance peptide protection and efficacy in industrial applications.

Summary
This review highlights fish processing by-products as a source of bioactive peptides, with non-thermal extraction techniques preserving their bioactivity. It emphasizes their promising bioactivities for industrial use and the importance of encapsulation techniques in maintaining bioactivity. It provides comprehensive insights into their extraction, bioavailability, safety considerations, and food applications.

Graphical Abstract