bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single-cell polymer coating improves the desiccation tolerance of Metarhizium brunneum blastospores
Authors: Dietsch Robin , Jakobs-Schönwandt Desiree , Blöbaum Luisa , Bondzio Laila , Grünberger Alexander , Patel Anant 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEquipping cells with artificial shells or coats has been explored throughout the last decade, with goals such as immunomasking, in vivo tracing, and imparting tolerance to various biotic and abiotic stressors. One stressor, however, drying, has curiously been overlooked. In an industrial setting, the drying of cells is relevant when a satisfactory product shelf life must be achieved at a low cost. The drying of entomopathogenic organisms for biocontrol is a prime example of this. Here, the thin-walled blastospores of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum are a great model organism for testing whether thin-cell surface polyelectrolyte layers may increase desiccation tolerance. In this study, we coated single M. brunneum blastospores with alternating layers of chitosan and alginate and assessed their effects on blastospore viability after drying. The desiccation tolerance improved with increasing layer numbers from 6.9% to a maximum of 27.5%. In addition, as the polymer chain length decreased, the desiccation tolerance further increased to 33.1%. Furthermore, we provided visual proof of the coating surrounding the blastospores via the use of fluorescent polymers and scanning electron microscopy. Finally, an investigation of differences in water absorption into coated and uncoated cells revealed that water absorbed faster into coated cells when alginate was on the surface of the structure but slower when the outermost layer was composed of chitosan. We conclude that, via polyelectrolyte multilayering on thin-walled blastospores, desiccation tolerance can be significantly increased, but a deeper understanding is necessary to extract the full potential from this technique.
Graphical Abstract
Realizing multiorbital Hubbard model with commensurate fillings in the paramagnetic phase of triangular magnets
(X = Mn, Co, Ni)
Authors: Hu Cong , Zhang Xuefeng , Li Gang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The multiorbital Hubbard model is renowned for its rich phase diagram, characterized by various filling-dependent Mott transitions. However, controlling electron filling to explore the complete phase diagram within a single material remains challenging. In this study, we investigate three members of a correlated magnet family: Na2BaX(PO4)2 (where X = Mn, Co, Ni). Our focus is on revealing their unusual electronic structure related to the different electron fillings. Despite differences in their effective angular momentum, our first-principles calculations reveal a strikingly similar flat-band electronic structure across all three systems. Remarkably, we found that their distinct valence configurations lead to a similar response to electronic correlations in the high-temperature paramagnetic phases, which nicely realizes Mott states with different electron concentrations. Thus, these systems can be conceptualized as multiorbital Hubbard models with differing electron fillings. Our work unifies the understanding of these structurally similar systems and opens new avenues for exploring correlated electronic structures with distinct fillings.
Androgen Exhibits a Protective Role Against Focal Erosions in Murine TNF-induced Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Chen Kiana , Kenney H Mark , Schwarz Edward , Rahimi Homaira 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by erosive pathology associated with joint inflammation and a sexual dimorphism with increased prevalence in females. Here, we aim to determine whether androgen is protective against inflammatory-erosive disease in TNF-transgenic (TNF-Tg) mice.
Wild-type (WT) and TNF-Tg male mice underwent sham (WT, n = 3; TNF-Tg, n = 7) or orchiectomy (WT, n = 3; TNF-Tg, n = 7) surgery at 1 month old to remove androgen production confirmed by serum testosterone concentration. Cohorts of orchiectomized TNF-Tg males were treated with either 5ɑ-dihydrotestosterone (.025 mg/day) (n = 3) or placebo (n = 3) via subcutaneous pellet insertion. Weekly clinical measures, along with mid-hindpaw bone volumes and ankle histology at 3 months old were evaluated for all groups.
Orchiectomies in TNF-Tg males significantly decreased serum testosterone (P &lt; .05), weight gain (P &lt; .001), and mid-hindpaw bone volumes (P &lt; .05) in comparison to sham TNF-Tg mice. The cuboid bone also had increased synovitis by histology with the loss of androgen (P &lt; .05). Treatment of orchiectomized TNF-Tg males with 5ɑ-dihydrotestosterone protected against the changes in weight gain (P &lt; .01) and bone erosion (P &lt; .05) associated with decreased osteoclast number in the cuboid (P &lt; .01).
In the TNF-Tg model of chronic inflammatory arthritis, androgen is protective in erosive disease. The loss of endogenous androgen significantly accelerated the progression of inflammatory-erosive arthritis in male TNF-Tg mice to a similar severity as age-matched female mice. In addition, treatment with exogenous androgen prevented this observed bone loss in orchiectomized TNF-Tg males. Overall, androgen delays and limits bone erosion even in the presence of active inflammation and future studies are warranted to elucidate the associated mechanisms.
Electronic Consultations for Endocrine Conditions: A Scoping Review
Authors: Abdellatif Bahaa , Natarajan Varun , Leibowitz Alison J , Sitter Kailyn E , Vimalananda Varsha G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Electronic consultations (e-consults) are a mode of referral increasingly used to provide access to endocrine specialty care without the need for a patient in-person visit. This scoping review aimed to describe the models being used to deliver endocrine care via e-consult, what is known about outcomes of endocrine e-consult, and research gaps. The review was completed using an established methodological framework. PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane were searched for articles published in English between January 1, 2000, and March 21, 2024, that reported on e-consults for endocrine specialty care. The database search yielded 2522 articles, of which 19 underwent data extraction and synthesis. The overall body of endocrine e-consult literature is small and largely observational. Various models for endocrine e-consult programs exist. Findings on feasibility, acceptability, and timeliness are positive and consistent with the larger body of e-consult literature. Data on outcomes are limited but suggest that e-consults are no worse than other referral approaches to lowering A1C. Improvements in outcomes are greater for patients whose primary care providers implement e-consult recommendations. In summary, existing studies support the benefits of e-consults in various aspects of endocrine care quality, but the literature is nascent and there are significant research gaps. Future research should examine how e-consults can best address specific endocrine conditions, with a broad set of outcomes that addresses multiple quality dimensions. Advanced study designs and qualitative methods can help address unresolved questions about e-consults relevant to all specialties, including impact on care coordination and costs and best practices for reimbursement and workflow.
“Un prophète discret”
Authors: Earle Jason 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article analyzes how the French fascist and collaborationist author Pierre Drieu la Rochelle thought critically about the forms and the functions of the modern writer-prophet. In essays dedicated to the cases of D. H. Lawrence and Friedrich Nietzsche, as well as to his own ideological and literary trajectory in the interwar years, Drieu defined the true prophet as a writer of decadence, one compelled to narrate and embody the decline of the nation. By assuming this burden, the writer-prophet in turn becomes doomed to be misunderstood or ignored by his decadent contemporaries. This logic of prophecy’s ultimate failure provides a key to understanding the political and literary vision of Drieu’s autobiographical fascist bildungsroman Gilles (1939). Finally, this article considers how Drieu’s linking of prophecy and literary posterity can be seen as anticipating his recent controversial inclusion in the prestigious Bibliothèque de la Pléiade.
In the Dark (Antoine Volodine)
Authors: Hollister Lucas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This essay engages with the inclination of recent ecocritical thought to disqualify postapocalyptic fiction and, often by extension, dystopian fiction from the ranks of those responses to the Anthropocene deemed helpful or appropriate. After a survey of recent antidystopian pronouncements and a discussion of their implications, this essay argues that Antoine Volodine’s dark fiction offers tools for imagining why one might assert the validity—if not the productivity—of dark modes of thought. Specifically, it shows how Volodine’s darkness explores literary intransitivity and defiant nonpurposiveness, where stark pessimism about the ecological impacts of human life allows for the cultivation of hospitable ideas of a posthuman future.
Glottopolitics of Prophecy
Authors: Picón Natalia Castro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article examines the secular use of prophecy and its appearances in Spain during the 2020 pandemic. It argues that prophecy functions as a cultural and political gesture with prescriptive potential over the future. As a glottopolitical tool (i.e., one that imbricates language and politics), it is contested between elites and subalterns articulating class warfare. Here, prophecy from above is analyzed through the concept of the “new normal,” which allowed Spanish politicians to predefine immediate future and safeguard the integrity of the capitalist system. As an example of prophecy from below, the article analyzes Lengua o muerte, a poetic text by Dani Zelko and the Movimiento por la lengua, which denounces the death of Mohammed Hossein during the pandemic as a case of linguistic discrimination. The author concludes that the discursive undertaking deployed in the book involves prophecy as a strategy of resistance against dispossession and projects a future of inclusion and emancipation.
Blog Serials: Digital Literature, Seriality, Readerly Performativity
Authors: Cho Heekyoung 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe 1990s and the first decade of the 2000s were a period that witnessed dramatic changes in the literary scene in South Korea. Literary production’s engagement with digital media was one of the major changes in this period, when the divide, collision, and merge between pre-digital and digital came to affect almost every aspect of the society. This article explores the divergent strands in the development of digital literature, the new affordances of the digital environment that affected the literary serial vis-à-vis the print serial, and a virtual and actual community that readers and writers created through their engagement with literary texts and beyond. Through close analysis of a blog serial of Hwang Sŏgyŏng’s Evening Star (February 27–July 21, 2008; 102 episodes in all), which represents one of the significant moments in the early digital serialization of South Korean literature, this article discusses various types of performativity and participatory culture generated by and connected to the blog serial and participants.
Setting Treadmill Intensity for Rat Aerobic Training Using Lactate and Gas Exchange Thresholds
Authors: INOUE KOSHIRO , SOYA HIDEAKI , MURAKUMO KEI , ARAKI YUSUKE , HIRAGA TAICHI , SOYA SHINGO , OKAMOTO MASAHIRO 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To open up new horizons of translational research, we studied the lactate threshold (LT)–dependent physiological responses and adaptations to exercise in rats, highlighting the importance of intensity-specific studies for optimizing exercise prescriptions. LT is physiologically related to the noninvasive gas exchange threshold (GET), and both thresholds are moderate–heavy-intensity boundary indices in determining an effective intensity of aerobic training in humans. Although their practical utility is presumed to extend to rats, the actual existence of GET, the thresholds’ relations to maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max), and whether aerobic adaptations by training differ around the LT intensity remain uncertain.

Methods
This study sought to identify the GET using our previously established rat LT model by combining the use of a metabolic chamber and the V-slope method, and to confirm the thresholds’ relations to V̇O2max. We investigated changes in the thresholds and V̇O2max following 6 wk of endurance training at below or above LT intensity.

Results
GET and LT were significantly correlated and agreed with high precision, although with a fixed bias. Untrained rats exhibited GET and LT at 56% and 52% of their V̇O2max, respectively. Endurance training at supra-, but not below-, the LT intensity significantly improved V̇O2max and both thresholds; however, their %V̇O2max remained unaltered.

Conclusions
GET in rats is identifiable as a threshold associated with LT using the V-slope method. Furthermore, both thresholds can serve as moderate–heavy-intensity boundary indices for the aerobic training of rats. This study advances our understanding of exercise intensity regulation in rats, thereby contributing to the development of a more nuanced and effective model for exercise prescription, with implications for human health and fitness.
Interpreting the Projected Frontal Area in Front Crawl: Determining the Projected Frontal Area of Each Body Segment
Authors: WASHINO SOHEI , MURAI AKIHIKO , KADI TOMOYA , NARITA KENZO , MANKYU HIROTOSHI , YOSHITAKE YASUHIDE 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
This study aimed to provide evidence for the interpretation of the projected frontal area (PFA) during front crawl. To achieve this goal, we developed a method for calculating the PFA of each body segment using digital human technology and compared the pressure drag under two calculation conditions: a combination of the PFA with and without accounting for the horizontal velocity of each body segment.

Methods
Twelve competitive male swimmers performed a 15-m front crawl at 1.20 m·s−1. The three-dimensional positions of the reflective markers attached to the swimmer’s body were recorded using an underwater motion-capture system. Based on the body shape of each swimmer obtained from the photogenic body scanner, individual digital human body models were created with the color of the model’s vertices divided into eight body segments. The time series of the volumetric swimming motion was reconstructed using inverse kinematics. The PFA of each body segment was then calculated by the automatic processing of a series of parallel frontal images. The pressure drag index, defined as the value excluding the drag coefficient while simultaneously considering the PFA and the horizontal velocity, was calculated under two conditions: the static condition (accounting for only the PFA of each body segment) and the dynamic condition (accounting for the PFA and horizontal velocity of each body segment).

Results
Notably, the pressure drag index was higher under the static condition than under the dynamic condition for the humerus, ulna, and hand segments (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The results obtained using our methodology indicate that the PFA of the upper limb segments overestimates their contribution to pressure drag during front crawl under the static condition.
Theoretical Behavior Substitutions during the 24-h Day in Pregnancy and Infant Growth Outcomes
Authors: BADON SYLVIA E. , FERRARA ASSIAMIRA , GABRIEL KELLEY PETTEE , DOOLEY ERIN E. , QUESENBERRY CHARLES P. , AVALOS LYNDSAY A. , HEDDERSON MONIQUE M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to assess associations of theoretically reallocating time from sleep, sedentary behavior, or light-intensity physical activity (LPA) to moderate/vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) during pregnancy with infant growth outcomes.

Methods
We used data from a cohort of pregnant individuals with overweight or obesity (n = 116). At 9 to 15 and 30 to 36 wk of gestation, waking movement was measured using wrist-worn accelerometers and sleep duration was self-reported. Outcomes were obtained from delivery electronic health records (birth) and study visits (12 months). We used compositional isotemporal substitution models.

Results
In early pregnancy, reallocating 10 min of sleep, sedentary behavior, or LPA to MVPA was associated with 20% (relative risk [RR] = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.75–0.85), 21% (RR = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.75–0.84), and 25% (RR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.70–0.81) lower risk of large-for-gestational age (LGA) birthweight, respectively, and 17% (RR = 0.83; 95% CI, 0.75–0.91), 18% (RR = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.75–0.91), and 22% (RR = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70–0.88) lower risk of rapid infant growth (birth to 12 months), respectively. In late pregnancy, reallocating 10 min to MVPA was associated with 18% to 22% lower risk of LGA birthweight, but was not associated with rapid infant growth. Reallocating time to MVPA in early or late pregnancy was not associated with high newborn body fat percentage.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest beneficial associations of theoretically reallocating time from sleep, sedentary behavior, or LPA to MVPA, especially during early pregnancy, for reducing LGA birthweight and rapid infant growth.
Longitudinal Associations of Aerobic Activity, Muscle-Strengthening Activity, and Adiposity with Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Authors: MEERNIK CLARE , SCHEINOWITZ MICKEY , LEONARD DAVID , BARLOW CAROLYN E. , LEONARD TAMMY , PETTEE GABRIEL KELLEY , PAVLOVIC ANDJELKA , BERRY JARETT D. , DEFINA LAURA F. , SHUVAL KEREM 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) declines with age, and greater declines increase the risk for adverse health outcomes. Understanding factors that attenuate age-related decreases in CRF can help extend healthy life. We sought to determine the longitudinal associations of aerobic physical activity, muscle-strengthening activity (MSA), and adiposity with CRF.

Methods
Study participants were enrolled in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Study and had three or more preventive medical examinations at the Cooper Clinic (Dallas, Texas) during 1987–2019. Aerobic activity and MSA were self-reported, and three measures of adiposity were clinically assessed: body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, and waist circumference. CRF, expressed as metabolic equivalents (METs), was estimated by a maximal treadmill test. The longitudinal associations of aerobic activity, MSA, and adiposity with CRF were estimated using multivariable mixed linear regression models.

Results
The study included 6105 participants who were followed for a median of 7.1 yr. Most participants were men (83.6%), and their average age at baseline was 47.0 (SD = 8.7) yr. Mean CRF at baseline was 12.2 (SD = 2.3) METs. Increasing aerobic activity (per 500 MET·min·wk−1, β = 0.069, 95% confidence interval = 0.064–0.074 METs) or MSA (per days per week, β = 0.066, 95% confidence interval = 0.058–0.073 METs) was associated with increased CRF over time. Increasing BMI, body fat percentage, or waist circumference were each associated with decreased CRF over time.

Conclusions
These data offer longitudinal evidence on how changes in aerobic activity, MSA, and various measures of adiposity (beyond BMI) independently correlate with CRF over time. Healthy lifestyle behaviors that include increasing aerobic and MSA and limiting adiposity may positively influence the retention of fitness with age and improve downstream health outcomes.
Obesity Promotes Marrow-Derived Myeloid Cell Accumulation While Exercise Reduces Proliferative Signaling in Colon Cancer
Authors: VANHIE JAMES J. , ORLOFF LISA EK , TATE ALICE , GOODE COLE , COLLAO NICOLAS , PISANKO ANASTASIA , POWER KRISTA A. , DE LISIO MICHAEL 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Obesity increases colon cancer risk that has been previously linked to marrow-derived myeloid cells. We previously demonstrated that exercise training (EX) prevents colon cancer initiation, potentially through reduced myelopoiesis. However, it remains unknown whether early myeloid cell accumulation and inflammation in the colon precedes carcinogenesis with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, and if EX can attenuate these effects. We hypothesized that obesity would promote colon carcinogenesis that was preceded by myeloid cell accumulation and inflammation that would be attenuated by EX.

Methods
C57BL/6 mice were randomized to a HFD or control (CON) diet for 8 weeks. The HFD mice switched to CON diet and all mice were given intraperitoneal injections of azoxymethane (AOM) to induce colon cancer and randomized into EX or sedentary (SED) conditions.

Results
HFD mice developed more aberrant crypt foci (ACF), a marker for early carcinogenesis, compared with CON (P < 0.01), and EX developed fewer ACF compared with SED (P < 0.0001). Marrow-derived (P < 0.001) CD206+ macrophages were elevated in HFD compared with CON at study week 16 (P < 0.01). Marrow-derived CD206− macrophages (P < 0.05) and marrow-derived (P < 0.05) CD206+ macrophages were more abundant in HFD compared with CON at study week 42. EX did not alter colon immune cell populations. β-catenin protein was higher in HFD compared with CON at study week 42 (P < 0.05), and STAT3 protein content was lower at study week 28 with EX compared with SED (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
The results suggest that obesity promotes colon ACF formation, potentially through early inflammatory myeloid cell accumulation. Despite attenuating ACF, EX did not alter myeloid cell accumulation in the colon, suggesting that EX inhibits ACF formation through alternative mechanisms which may include reduced β-catenin and STAT3 signaling.
Projeto Educa+ no Igarapé
Authors: Nepomuceno Anderson Pinheiro , Maquiné Junior José Raimundo , Viana Júlio Alan dos Santos , Santos Junior Luis Carlos de Miranda , Leite Stanley Scherrer de Castro 
Published: October 2024

Informamos que as notas de ensino dos casos possuem acesso restrito e são exclusivas para docentes e instrutores vinculados à uma instituição acadêmica. Saiba mais.
Posterior tooth anatomy: wax carving. Part 2
Authors: Mackenzie Louis 
Published: October 2024

This second article in the two-part series on wax carving provides a step-by-step guide focusing on the coronal anatomy of whole posterior teeth. The exercises are primarily designed to help clinicians simulate and master the carving and shaping of extensive dental amalgam and posterior resin composite restorations, as well as for use in designing fixed and removable prosthodontic restorations.CPD/Clinical Relevance: Knowledge and understanding of the anatomy of posterior teeth is a key skill in dentistry.