bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation of the double‐ITCZ bias to the atmospheric energy budget in climate models
Authors: Adam Ori , Schneider Tapio , Brient Florent , Bischoff Tobias 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe examine how tropical zonal mean precipitation biases in current climate models relate to the atmospheric energy budget. Both hemispherically symmetric and antisymmetric tropical precipitation biases contribute to the well‐known double‐Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bias; however, they have distinct signatures in the energy budget. Hemispherically symmetric biases in tropical precipitation are proportional to biases in the equatorial net energy input; hemispherically antisymmetric biases are proportional to the atmospheric energy transport across the equator. Both relations can be understood within the framework of recently developed theories. Atmospheric net energy input biases in the deep tropics shape both the symmetric and antisymmetric components of the double‐ITCZ bias. Potential causes of these energetic biases and their variation across climate models are discussed.
Nonstorm time dropout of radiation belt electron fluxes on 24 September 2013
Authors: Su Zhenpeng , Gao Zhonglei , Zhu Hui , Li Wen , Zheng Huinan , Wang Yuming , Wang Shui , Spence H. E. , Reeves G. D. , Baker D. N. , Blake J. B. , Funsten H. O. , Wygant J. R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRadiation belt electron flux dropouts during the main phase of geomagnetic storms have received increasing attention in recent years. Here we focus on a rarely reported nonstorm time dropout event observed by Van Allen Probes on 24 September 2013. Within several hours, the radiation belt electron fluxes exhibited a significant (up to 2 orders of magnitude) depletion over a wide range of radial distances (L > 4.5), energies (∼500 keV to several MeV) and equatorial pitch angles (0°≤αe≤180°). STEERB simulations show that the relativistic electron loss in the region L = 4.5–6.0 was primarily caused by the pitch angle scattering of observed plasmaspheric hiss and electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves. Our results emphasize the complexity of radiation belt dynamics and the importance of wave‐driven precipitation loss even during nonstorm times.
Convective and large‐scale mass flux profiles over tropical oceans determined from synergistic analysis of a suite of satellite observations
Authors: Masunaga Hirohiko , Luo Zhengzhao Johnny 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA new, satellite‐based methodology is developed to evaluate convective mass flux and large‐scale total mass flux. To derive the convective mass flux, candidate profiles of in‐cloud vertical velocity are first constructed with a simple plume model under the constraint of ambient sounding and then narrowed down to the solution that matches satellite‐derived cloud top buoyancy. Meanwhile, the large‐scale total mass flux is provided separately from satellite soundings by a method developed previously. All satellite snapshots are sorted into a composite time series that delineates the evolution of a vigorous and organized convective system. Principal findings are the following. First, convective mass flux is modulated primarily by convective cloud cover, with the intensity of individual convection being less variable over time. Second, convective mass flux dominates the total mass flux only during the early hours of the convective evolution; as convective system matures, a residual mass flux builds up in the mass flux balance that is reminiscent of stratiform dynamics. The method developed in this study is expected to be of unique utility for future observational diagnosis of tropical convective dynamics and for evaluation of global climate model cumulus parameterizations in a global sense.
Radio emissions from double RHESSI TGFs
Authors: Mezentsev Andrew , Østgaard Nikolai , Gjesteland Thomas , Albrechtsen Kjetil , Lehtinen Nikolai , Marisaldi Martino , Smith David , Cummer Steven 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA detailed analysis of Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) terrestrial gamma ray flashes (TGFs) is performed in association with World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN) sources and very low frequency (VLF) sferics recorded at Duke University. RHESSI clock offset is evaluated and found to experience changes on the 5 August 2005 and 21 October 2013, based on the analysis of TGF‐WWLLN matches. The clock offsets were found for all three periods of observations with standard deviations less than 100 μs. This result opens the possibility for the precise comparative analyses of RHESSI TGFs with the other types of data (WWLLN, radio measurements, etc.) In case of multiple‐peak TGFs, WWLLN detections are observed to be simultaneous with the last TGF peak for all 16 cases of multipeak RHESSI TGFs simultaneous with WWLLN sources. VLF magnetic field sferics were recorded for two of these 16 events at Duke University. These radio measurements also attribute VLF sferics to the second peak of the double TGFs, exhibiting no detectable radio emission during the first TGF peak. Possible scenarios explaining these observations are proposed. Double (multipeak) TGFs could help to distinguish between the VLF radio emission radiated by the recoil currents in the +IC leader channel and the VLF emission from the TGF producing electrons.
Effects of supercritical carbon dioxide treatment on the morphology of poly(l‐lactide)
Authors: Tsutsumi Chikara , Watanabe Ryouji , Tokumaru Ayaka , Kuwaoka Nao , Nakayama Yuushou , Shiono Takeshi 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTSynthetic l‐lactide random copolymers can be employed as controlled release materials when prepared using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2), since they are biodegradable via hydrolysis. To determine the effects of thermal properties on polymer performance following scCO2 processing, three types of poly(l‐lactide) having different properties were assessed. The Tm of one poly(l‐lactide) sample (H‐100) was found to be approximately 170 °C over the processing pressure range from 8 to 18 MPa, while a second sample (H‐440) also showed a constant value of approximately 152 °C. In contrast, the poly(l‐lactide) REVODE exhibited a Tm of 146 °C prior to processing but a higher value of 147 °C following treatment at 8 MPa. Unlike the H‐100 and H‐440, the Tm value of the REVODE tended to decrease with increasing pressure. The Tg values increased greatly under mild conditions of 8 MPa pressure and a temperature of 40 °C. In particular, the Tg values for the H‐440 and REVODE increased by 4 °C and 5 °C, respectively. All Tg values were lowest at 12 MPa and increased with increasing processing pressure, although the effect of processing temperature was minimal. The Χc DSC of the H‐100 was 18% initially but increased to 20% upon scCO2 processing at 40 °C and 14 MPa, and showed further increases at higher processing temperatures. Although the relationship between processing temperature and Χc DSC values for the H‐440 showed the same trend as observed with the H‐100, a different trend was seen for the REVODE. The Χc XRD values obtained from the XRD analyses differed from the values generated by DSC analysis, and showed a maximum degree of crystallinity following processing at 80 °C both with and without scCO2 treatment. ATR FT‐IR analyses identified peaks due to semicrystalline regions in poly(l‐lactide) samples treated with scCO2, even when applying low temperatures. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44006.
Mechanical properties of composites with chicken feather and glass fibers
Authors: Zhan M. , Wool Richard P. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTChicken feather fibers (CFFs) have potential application in light weight composites. We investigated the physical properties of epoxy polymer composites reinforced with CFFs and glass fibers. CFFs or hybrid fiber (glass fiber and CFFs) composites reduced the density upto 30–40% when compared with glass fiber reinforced composites. The CFF composites has a storage modulus of about 3.5 GPa and a flexural strength of about 50–80 MPa. The hybrid fiber composite has better mechanical properties than CFF composites while having increased bio‐based content. This study demonstrated a new way to utilize CFFs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44013.
Did sex chromosome turnover promote divergence of the major mammal groups?
Authors: Graves Jennifer A. M. 
Published: June 2016

Comparative mapping and sequencing show that turnover of sex determining genes and chromosomes, and sex chromosome rearrangements, accompany speciation in many vertebrates. Here I review the evidence and propose that the evolution of therian mammals was precipitated by evolution of the male‐determining SRY gene, defining a novel XY sex chromosome pair, and interposing a reproductive barrier with the ancestral population of synapsid reptiles 190 million years ago (MYA). Divergence was reinforced by multiple translocations in monotreme sex chromosomes, the first of which supplied a novel sex determining gene. A sex chromosome‐autosome fusion may have separated eutherians (placental mammals) from marsupials 160 MYA. Another burst of sex chromosome change and speciation is occurring in rodents, precipitated by the degradation of the Y. And although primates have a more stable Y chromosome, it may be just a matter of time before the same fate overtakes our own lineage.Also watch the video abstract.
Utilization of discard bovine bone as a support for immobilization of recombinant Rhizopus oryzae lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Clementz Adriana L. , Del Peso Gonzalo , Canet Albert , Yori Juan C. , Valero Francisco 
Published: June 2016

In this study the possibility of using discard bovine bone as support for immobilization of Rhizopus oryzae lipase expressed in Pichia pastoris was analyzed. Discard bovine bone were milled and then subjected to a chemical treatment with acetone in order to remove lipids and blood traces. Two types of supports were evaluated: bovine bone and calcined bovine bone for 2 h at 600°C. Supports were characterized by: ICP, SEM, XRD, FTIR, XPS, and N2 adsorption isotherms. Calcined bovine bone presented appropriate characteristics for the lipase immobilization due to the removal of collagen: high porosity, large surface area and suitable porous structure. Biocatalysts were prepared with different initial enzyme load. For the equilibrium adsorption studies, the Langmuir isotherm was used to fit the data results. The immobilization occurs in monolayer to a value of 35 UA mg−1. The activities of biocatalysts were tested in transesterification reaction of olive oil. For the enzyme load used in the test, a final yield percentage of 49.6 was achieved after six methanol additions and 180 min of reaction, similar values were obtained using Relizyme as support. Therefore, the bovine bone discard is an economical and appropriate choice for use support immobilization of enzymes. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1246–1253, 2016
Fluorescence Probe for Detecting CCG Trinucleotide Repeat DNA Expansion and Slip‐Out
Authors: Shibata Tomonori , Nakatani Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTrinucleotide repeat expansion in genomic DNA causes severe neurodegenerative diseases. Fluorescence probes that bind to trinucleotide repeats have potential as diagnostic tools of trinucleotide repeat disorders. Here, we report a novel tricyclic ligand that binds to CCG trinucleotide repeat DNA. The expansion of the aromatic ring system of the 2‐amino‐1,8‐naphthyridine chromophore from the bicyclic to the tricyclic improved the binding ability to the CCG/CCG motif without losing the selectivity and emissive character. The fluorescence sensitively decreased in response to binding to the CCG trinucleotide repeat. The degree of quenching depended on the number of CCG repeats. In addition, the fluorescence detection was applicable to CCG slip‐out DNA.
Passive permeability and effective pore size of HeLa cell nuclear membranes
Authors: Samudram Arunkarthick , Mangalassery Bijeesh M. , Kowshik Meenal , Patincharath Nandakumar , Varier Geetha K. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNuclear pore complexes in the nuclear membrane act as the sole gateway of transport of molecules from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and vice versa. Studies on biomolecular transport through nuclear membranes provide vital data on the nuclear pore complexes. In this work, we use fluorescein isothiocyanate‐labeled dextran molecules as a model system and study the passive nuclear import of biomolecules through nuclear pore complexes in digitonin‐permeabilized HeLa cells. Experiments are carried out under transient conditions in the time lapse imaging scheme using an in‐house constructed confocal laser scanning microscope. Transport rates of dextran molecules having molecular weights of 4–70 kDa corresponding to Stokes radius of 1.4–6 nm are determined. Analyzing the permeability of the nuclear membrane for different sizes the effective pore radius of HeLa cell nuclear membrane is determined to be 5.3 nm, much larger than the value reported earlier using proteins as probe molecules. The range of values reported for the nuclear pore radius suggest that they may not be rigid structures and it is quite probable that the effective pore size of nuclear pore complexes is critically dependent on the probe molecules and on the environmental factors.
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Arsenides ATt3As3 (A: K, Rb; Tt: Ge, Sn) with Layered Structures.
Authors: Khatun Mansura , Stoyko Stanislav S. , Mar Arthur 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared from the elements (alumina crucible, 600—650 °C, 10 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal Carbodiimides as Molecular Negative Electrode Materials for Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Excellent Cycling Properties.
Authors: Sougrati Moulay T. , Darwiche Ali , Liu Xiaohiu , Mahmoud Abdelfattah , Hermann Raphael P. , Jouen Samuel , Monconduit Laure , Dronskowski Richard , Stievano Lorenzo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFeNCN can be efficiently used as negative electrode material for alkali metal ion batteries.
ChemInform Abstract: Water Durable Electride Y5Si3: Electronic Structure and Catalytic Activity for Ammonia Synthesis.
Authors: Lu Yangfan , Li Jiang , Tada Tomofumi , Toda Yoshitake , Ueda Shigenori , Yokoyama Toshiharu , Kitano Masaaki , Hosono Hideo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe air and water stable title electride is characterized by powder XRD, transport, magnetic, and thermodynamic measurements, PES, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure of a New Halophosphate Sr3P3O10Cl with the Flexible [P3O10]5‐ Anions.
Authors: Gao Jianhua , Liu Xi , Song Limei , Sha Xunshan , Zhao Pan , Guo Ping 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSingle crystals of Sr3P3O10Cl are grown from a 2:1:3 molar mixture of MgO, SrO, and P2O5 in a molten equimolar SrCl2/NaCl flux (evacuated quartz tubes, 850 °C, 12 h; cooling to 300 °C at a rate of 0.1 °C/min).
ChemInform Abstract: Scandium Selenophosphates: Structure and Properties of K4Sc2(PSe4)2 (P2Se6).
Authors: Syrigos Jonathan C. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractK4Sc2P4Se14 is prepared by the polychalcogenide flux method employing K2Se, Sc, P2Se5, and Se in the molar ratio of 4:1:2:4 (evacuated silica tubes, 500 °C, 1 d; cooling to 350 °C within 1 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Rh(II)‐Catalyzed Synthetic Strategy for Diverse and Functionalized Halonaphthalenyl Ethers and Esters from Diazo Compounds and Its Application to Polyaromatic Compounds.
Authors: Baral Ek Raj , Lee Yong Rok , Kim Sung Hong , Wee Young‐Jung 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBenzyl chloride gives the corresponding products in similar yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Formation of Fully Substituted Ketone Enolates.
Authors: Haimov Elvira , Nairoukh Zackaria , Shterenberg Alexander , Berkovitz Tiran , Jamison Timothy F. , Marek Ilan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA metalation/nucleophilic carbonyl addition strategy is used for preparation of stereochemically defined, fully substituted ketone enolates like (III) and (IX), which are not accessible through enolization of the parent ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Allylation of Ketones and Intramolecular Cyclization Through Carbene Intermediates from Cyclopropenes under Ambient Conditions.
Authors: Nakano Takeo , Endo Kohei , Ukaji Yutaka 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCyclopropene educts react in the presence of a silver catalyst [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron/ABNO‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones under Ambient Atmosphere.
Authors: Wang Lianyue , Shang SenSen , Li Guosong , Ren Lanhui , Lv Ying , Gao Shuang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractKinetic analysis demonstrates that the C—H bond cleavage is the rate‐determining step and that a carbocation may be involved in the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt(II)‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Olefins.
Authors: Zhang Guoqi , Yin Zhiwei , Tan Jiawen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe employed catalyst, an earth‐abundant metal cobalt(II) complex based on a pincer‐type PNP ligand, shows good functional group and water tolerance to the presented olefin transfer hydrogenation reactions of various aliphatic and aromatic alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic SN2′‐ and Enantioselective Allylic Substitution with a Diborylmethane Reagent and Application in Synthesis.
Authors: Shi Ying , Hoveyda Amir H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe utility of this method is demonstrated in the synthesis of compound (XI) which is a precursor in the synthesis of cytotoxic natural product rhopaloic acid A (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Fmoc Protection of Amines under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Godoi Marcelo , Botteselle Giancarlo V. , Rafique Jamal , Rocha Manuela S. T. , Pena Jesus M. , Braga Antonio L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn efficient, fast, and sustainable method for the Fmoc protection of a wide range of aliphatic and aromatic amines is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Polystyrene‐Supported P‐Toluenesulfonic Acid (PS/PTSA): As a Highly Active and Reusable Heterogeneous Bronsted Acid Catalyst for the Synthesis of Novel 1H‐Indol‐3‐yl‐4H‐chromene‐3‐carbonitriles under Neat Conditions.
Authors: Veeranarayna Reddy Mudumala , Chandra Sekhar Reddy Gangireddy , Jeong Yeon Tae 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis novel one‐pot three‐component condensation reaction is advantageous with regards to operational simplicity and provides chromene derivatives in short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Allylation of Carbon Electrophiles with Alkenylsilanes under Dual Catalysis by Cationic Platinum(II) Species.
Authors: Kinoshita Hidenori , Kizu Ryosuke , Horikoshi Masahiro , Inoue Gen , Fujimoto Masayuki , Saito Masanori , Ichikawa Junji , Hosomi Akira , Miura Katsukiyo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThree procedures for the allylation of acetals and aminals with (Z)‐1‐trimethylsilylalkenes are elaborated: direct allylation, three‐component reaction of the respective aldehyde, orthoformate or carbamate, and silylalkene, and pretreatment of the silylalkene followed by addition of acetal or aminal.
ChemInform Abstract: A Sequential Homologation of Alkynes and Aldehydes for Chain Elongation with Optional 13C‐Labeling.
Authors: Brunner Andreas , Hintermann Lukas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA series of alkyne substrates is treated in a first step A) or C) to produce an intermediate aldehyde which reacts in a second step with Bestmann—Ohira reagent (I) to produce homologated alkyne products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Insecticidal and Fungicidal Activities of Methyl 2‐(Methoxyimino)‐2‐(2‐((1‐ (N′‐nitrocarbamimidoyl)‐2‐hydrocarbylidenehydrazinyl)methyl)phenyl) acetates.
Authors: Yuan Xiaoyong , Jia Changqing , Ma Yongqiang , Yang Dongyan , Rui Changhui , Qin Zhaohai 
Published: June 2016

Abstract23 Title compounds of type (V) or (VIII) are prepared and tested for their insecticidal and fungicidal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Photolytic C—H Bond Functionalization of Alkylbenzene with Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagent.
Authors: Sakamoto Ryu , Inada Tsubasa , Selvakumar Sermadurai , Moteki Shin A. , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBenzyl esters are prepared by direct benzylic C—H bond esterification of alkylbenzenes by the combination of a hypervalent iodine reagent with visible light irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Benzobarrelenes and Azabenzobarrelenes by Rhodium‐Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition.
Authors: Miyauchi Yuta , Shibata Yu , Tanaka Ken 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA cationic rhodium(I)/H8‐BINAP complex catalyzes the [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between cyclohexadiene‐linked 1,7‐diynes (I) and monoynes to provide access to several functionalized benzobarrelene derivatives (III) in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Olefination of Arenes with Aliphatic Olefins.
Authors: Xue Xiao , Xu Jianbin , Zhang Lingjuan , Xu Conghui , Pan Yixiao , Xu Lijin , Li Huanrong , Zhang Weidong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis protocol for preparation of useful linear arylation products of unactivated olefins relies on the utilization of directing groups.
ChemInform Abstract: A Radical Pathway for Direct Substitution of Benzyl Alcohols with Water‐Soluble Copper Catalyst in Water.
Authors: Hikawa Hidemasa , Mori Yuki , Kikkawa Shoko , Azumaya Isao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn atom‐transfer initiated radical pathway for the direct substitution of benzyl alcohols with anthranilic acids using water‐soluble copper catalysts is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology for N‐Benzylation Using a π‐Benzylpalladium System in Water.
Authors: Hikawa Hidemasa , Koike Toshitaka , Izumi Kyoko , Kikkawa Shoko , Azumaya Isao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe unique reactivity of the π‐benzylpalladium system in water offers an efficient and environmentally friendly method for N‐monobenzylation of electron‐deficient anilines or 2‐aminopyridine with non‐activated benzylic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Unexpected C—C Bond Cleavage of α‐Nitroketone in the Presence of TsNBr2: A New Pathway for C—N Bond Formation.
Authors: Sarma Manas Jyoti , Phukan Prodeep 
Published: June 2016

AbstractVarious N‐tosylamides are prepared by the catalyst‐free title bond cleavage in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Synthesis of Cyclic Imides from Carboxylic Anhydrides and Amines by Nb2O5 as a Water‐Tolerant Lewis Acid Catalyst.
Authors: Ali Md. A. , Moromi Sondomoyee K. , Touchy Abeda S. , Shimizu Ken‐ichi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe target compounds, important synthons for chemical and biological applications, are readily available from different carboxylic anhydrides and primary amines or gaseous ammonia.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Sequential Acylation/Cyanation of Aryl Iodides: A Regiospecific Synthesis of 2‐Cyanoaryl Ketones.
Authors: Pan Shanfei , Wu Feifei , Yu Ruicheng , Chen Wanzhi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOrtho‐substituted aryl iodides undergo a site‐selective C—H bond acylation/C—I cyanation reaction sequence with benzoyl chlorides and CuCN to give 2,6‐disubstituted benzonitriles.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective C—H Functionalization of Weakly Coordinating Sulfonamides: Synthesis of Biaryl Sulfonamides.
Authors: Vanjari Rajeshwer , Guntreddi Tirumaleswararao , Singh Krishna Nand 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnsubstituted aromatic sulfonamides are treated with aryl iodides under optimized conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: An Electron‐Poor C64 Nanographene by Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade C—C Bond Formation: One‐Pot Synthesis and Single‐Crystal Structure Analysis
Authors: Seifert Sabine , Shoyama Kazutaka , Schmidt David , Wuerthner Frank 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of an electron‐poor nanographene with dicarboximide corners is accomplished by a palladium‐catalyzed cascade process, with ten C—C bonds formed in a single chemical operation.