bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of distributional asymmetry in a warming environment: invasion of novel forests by the mountain pine beetle
Authors: Burke Jordan Lewis , Bohlmann Joerg , Carroll Allan L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe range of many Holarctic forest insects does not comprise the entire range of their hosts, as they are often limited to more southern latitudes by the adverse effects of cold temperatures. Global climate warming has led to the increased potential for forest insects to invade novel habitats of native hosts within the same landmass. The mountain pine beetle (MPB;Dendroctonus ponderosae) has recently expanded into higher‐latitude forests of the principal host, lodgepole pine (Pinus contortavar.latifolia), and the susceptibility of trees is greater in these systems compared to forests in the native range. We assessed the contribution of the induced defensive response of hosts to this elevated susceptibility, and whether these discrepancies are the result of coevolution with host populations within the historic native range of the insect. We challenged trees using paired treatments of a beetle‐attack simulation and a generic defensive response elicitor (methyl jasmonate) to mitigate variability in the induced response among trees within and among populations, from within and outside the historic range of the beetle. We then assessed the production of monoterpene chemicals by the trees in response to treatments using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The differential induction of monoterpenes in response to simulated beetle attack relative to the generic elicitor was highest in populations with the highest putative historic exposure to MPB. Elevated susceptibility and invasion potential of the beetle in novel systems is the proximate result of reduced defensive capacity, ultimately arising from a lack of coevolution with the beetle in novel systems. In forested systems with climate‐driven herbivore–host distributional asymmetry, continued warming will potentially exacerbate the impacts of aggressive insect herbivores as they invade defensively naïve host populations.
Synthesis, characterization, and electrophoretic concentration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in AOT microemulsions
Authors: Bulavchenko Alexander I. , Shaparenko Nikita O. , Demidova Marina G. 
Published: April 2017

Stable organosols of TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared by hydrolysis of titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) in microemulsions of sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl)sulfoxynate (АОТ) in n‐decane with increasing the content of aqueous pseudophase from 0.15 to 0.85 vol.%. As the water content increased, the hydrodynamic diameter of nanoparticles grew from 10 to 225 nm, and the ζ‐potential, from ‐6 to 18 mV (the surface of TiO2 nanoparticles was recharged when the water content was 0.45 vol.%). Nonaqueous electrophoresis in a capacitor‐type cell made it possible to concentrate nanoparticles with a diameter of 60 to 225 nm (concentration factor was 10), separate 20 nm and 225 nm particles, and decrease the content of АОТ in organosol by an order of magnitude. Preparation of a concentrate of nanoparticles with a low content (0.015 M) of AOT included the following stages: (i) electrophoresis after synthesis; (ii) sampling of the concentrate and its twenty‐fold dilution with pure n‐decane; and (iii) repeated electrophoresis. In situ laser and spectrophotometric scanning of the interelectrode space showed the formation of a sharp boundary between the raffinate and the layer of moving nanoparticles during electrophoresis.
Self‐Supported Cobalt Nickel Nitride Nanowires Electrode for Overall Electrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Han Lei , Feng Kun , Chen Zhongwei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe design and synthesis of electrocatalysts possessing both hydrogen and oxygen evolution activity is of critical importance to simplify the water splitting system. In this work, we reported the preparation of porous Ni–Co nitride nanowires (NiCoN NWs) supported on carbon cloth, and used as bifunctional electrocatalysts to achieve overall water splitting. Benefiting from the 1D porous nanowire structure, the close contact between catalysts and support, and the increased conductivity, the resultant NiCoN NWs exhibited high activities in both the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) with low overpotential at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 (≈145 mV for HER and 360 mV for OER), low Tafel slope (105.2 mV dec−1 for HER and 46.9 mV dec−1 for OER), and good electrochemical stability. Good stability was also obtained upon using the material as HER and OER catalysts in a two‐electrode system to split water.
PARX model for football match predictions
Authors: Angelini Giovanni , De Angelis Luca 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe propose an innovative approach to model and predict the outcome of football matches based on the Poisson autoregression with exogenous covariates (PARX) model recently proposed by Agosto, Cavaliere, Kristensen, and Rahbek (Journal of Empirical Finance, 2016, 38(B), 640–663). We show that this methodology is particularly suited to model the goal distribution of a football team and provides a good forecast performance that can be exploited to develop a profitable betting strategy. This paper improves the strand of literature on Poisson‐based models, by proposing a specification able to capture the main characteristics of goal distribution. The betting strategy is based on the idea that the odds proposed by the market do not reflect the true probability of the match because they may also incorporate the betting volumes or strategic price settings in order to exploit betters' biases. The out‐of‐sample performance of the PARX model is better than the reference approach by Dixon and Coles (Applied Statistics, 1997, 46(2), 265–280). We also evaluate our approach in a simple betting strategy, which is applied to English football Premier League data for the 2013–2014, 2014–2015, and 2015–2016 seasons. The results show that the return from the betting strategy is larger than 30% in most of the cases considered and may even exceed 100% if we consider an alternative strategy based on a predetermined threshold, which makes it possible to exploit the inefficiency of the betting market.
Brucella abortus‐activated microglia induce neuronal death through primary phagocytosis
Authors: Rodríguez Ana M. , Delpino M. Victoria , Miraglia M. Cruz , Costa Franco Miriam M. , Barrionuevo Paula , Dennis Vida A. , Oliveira Sergio C. , Giambartolomei Guillermo H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInflammation has long been implicated as a contributor to pathogenesis in neurobrucellosis. Many of the associated neurocognitive symptoms of neurobrucellosis may be the result of neuronal dysfunction resulting from the inflammatory response induced by Brucella abortus infection in the central nervous system. In this manuscript, we describe an immune mechanism for inflammatory activation of microglia that leads to neuronal death upon B. abortus infection. B. abortus was unable to infect or harm primary cultures of mouse neurons. However, when neurons were co‐cultured with microglia and infected with B. abortus significant neuronal loss occurred. This phenomenon was dependent on TLR2 activation by Brucella lipoproteins. Neuronal death was not due to apoptosis, but it was dependent on the microglial release of nitric oxide (NO). B. abortus infection stimulated microglial proliferation, phagocytic activity and engulfment of neurons. NO secreted by B. abortus‐activated microglia induced neuronal exposure of the “eat‐me” signal phosphatidylserine (PS). Blocking of PS‐binding to protein milk fat globule epidermal growth factor‐8 (MFG‐E8) or microglial vitronectin receptor‐MFG‐E8 interaction was sufficient to prevent neuronal loss by inhibiting microglial phagocytosis without affecting their activation. Taken together, our results indicate that B. abortus is not directly toxic to neurons; rather, these cells become distressed and are killed by phagocytosis in the inflammatory surroundings generated by infected microglia. Neuronal loss induced by B. abortus‐activated microglia may explain, in part, the neurological deficits observed during neurobrucellosis.
Brain atrophy can introduce age‐related differences in BOLD response
Authors: Liu Xueqing , Gerraty Raphael T. , Grinband Jack , Parker David , Razlighi Qolamreza R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUse of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in studies of aging is often hampered by uncertainty about age‐related differences in the amplitude and timing of the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response (i.e., hemodynamic impulse response function (HRF)). Such uncertainty introduces a significant challenge in the interpretation of the fMRI results. Even though this issue has been extensively investigated in the field of neuroimaging, there is currently no consensus about the existence and potential sources of age‐related hemodynamic alterations. Using an event‐related fMRI experiment with two robust and well‐studied stimuli (visual and auditory), we detected a significant age‐related difference in the amplitude of response to auditory stimulus. Accounting for brain atrophy by circumventing spatial normalization and processing the data in subjects' native space eliminated these observed differences. In addition, we simulated fMRI data using age differences in brain morphology while controlling HRF shape. Analyzing these simulated fMRI data using standard image processing resulted in differences in HRF amplitude, which were eliminated when the data were analyzed in subjects' native space. Our results indicate that age‐related atrophy introduces inaccuracy in co‐registration to standard space, which subsequently appears as attenuation in BOLD response amplitude. Our finding could explain some of the existing contradictory reports regarding age‐related differences in the fMRI BOLD responses. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3402–3414, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnosis and management of neuropathies associated with plasma cell dyscrasias
Authors: Rosenbaum Evan , Marks Douglas , Raza Shahzad 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNeuropathies associated with plasma cell dyscrasias are a major cause of morbidity for patients managed by medical oncologists. Because of similarities in clinical presentation and on nerve conduction studies, identifying the underlying disease leading to a paraproteinemic neuropathy can often be difficult. In addition, the degree of neurologic deficit does not strictly correlate with the extent of abnormalities on common clinical laboratory testing. Fortunately, with increasing understanding into the biologic mechanisms of underlying hematologic diseases, additional biomarkers have recently been developed, thus improving our diagnostic capacity. Neuropathies associated with plasma cells dyscrasias are seen with Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) particularly IgM subtype, followed by IgG and IgA MGUS, multiple myeloma, Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, amyloid, Castleman's disease, and POEMS syndrome. The mechanisms of neuronal injury associated with plasma cell dyscrasia vary based on underlying diagnosis and include malignant infiltration, immune‐mediated antibody deposition, or local compression of nerve roots. The polyneuropathies are frequently demyelinating, although axonal and mixed neuropathies can also be seen. As demonstrated by the cases included in this review, patients frequently present with symmetric sensory disturbance, followed by progressive motor weakness. Unfortunately, because of the complexity of diagnostic testing, patients are frequently examined late, often after receiving several ineffective therapies. The aim of this case‐based review is to provide clinicians with insight on how to properly recognize these atypical neuropathies and send the appropriate diagnostic work, increasing the likelihood of accurately classify the patient's underlying hematologic disorder.
Genome resequencing analysis of Salmonella typhimurium LT‐2 strains TA98 and TA100 for the establishment of a next‐generation sequencing‐based mutagenicity assay
Authors: Matsumura Shoji , Ito Yuichi , Morita Osamu , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) is a potentially useful technology to achieve a more precise evaluation of chemical mutagenicity. To establish NGS‐based mutagenicity assays, which enable the direct detection of chemically induced mutations in a whole genome manner, the selection of appropriate biological resources and their precise genome sequences are essential. Here, we performed genome re‐sequencing analyses of Salmonella typhimurium LT‐2 strains TA98 and TA100, which have been frequently used in mutagenicity assays. We identified several strain‐specific mutations including those that were relevant to their known phenotypes (his, ΔuvrB and rfa). The details of rfa mutations were first clarified in this study, which was a frameshift variant in rfaF and a missense variant in rfaC in TA98 and TA100, respectively. The uvrB deletion in TA98 was larger than that in TA100, which suggested differences in defects of lipopolysaccharide synthesis between these strains. The re‐sequenced genome data of TA98 and TA100 will help us establish NGS‐based bacterial mutagenicity assays and understand the biological events seen in them. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flavonoids of Rosa roxburghii Tratt Exhibit Anti‐Apoptosis Properties by Regulating PARP‐1/AIF
Authors: Xu Ping , Liu Xingxia , Xiong Xiwen , Zhang Wenbo , Cai Xinhua , Qiu Peiyong , Hao Minghua , Wang Lijuan , Lu Dandan , Zhang Xiuhua , Yang Wancai 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTRadioprotection is an important approach to reduce the side‐effects of radiotherapy. The radioprotective effect of the flavonoids of Rosa roxburghii Tratt (FRT) has been confirmed, and the mechanism has been identified as theBcl‐2/caspase‐3/PARP‐1 signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated the effects of FRT on the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), and vascular cell adhesion protein (VCAM) in addition to apoptosis‐related proteins such as Bax/Bcl‐2, p‐ERK/ERK, p‐p53/p53, and p‐p38/p38. In the present study, we focused on the effect of FRT on PARP‐1/AIF. Ionizing radiation triggered the activation of PARP‐1 and AIF translocation from the mitochondrion to the nucleus. The inhibition of PARP‐1/AIF signaling pathway by FRT was investigated. Our results showed that the expressions of Bax/Bcl‐2, p‐ERK/ ERK, p‐p53/p53, and p‐p38/p38 were decreased after FRT treatment compared with the radiation‐treated group. FRT inhibited PARP‐1 activation to inhibit AIF translocation from mitochondrion to nucleus. Pretreatment with FRT diminished the comet's tail and reduced fragments in six Gy‐irradiated thymocytes compared with the irradiated cells without FRT treatment. We conclude that FRT enhanced radioprotection at least partially by regulating PARP‐1/AIF to reduce apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3943–3952, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification of Key Gene Modules in Human Osteosarcoma by Co‐Expression Analysis Weighted Gene Co‐Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA)
Authors: Liu Xiangsheng , Hu Ai‐Xin , Zhao Jia‐Li , Chen Feng‐Li 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTOsteosarcoma is the eighth‐most common form of childhood cancer, comprising about 20% of all primary bone cancers. To date, systemic co‐expression analysis for this cancer is still insufficient to explain the pathogenesis of poorly understood OC. The objective of this study was to construct a gene co‐expression network to predict clusters of candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis of osteosarcoma. First, we contributed co‐expression modules via weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) and investigated the functional enrichment analysis of co‐expression genes in terms of GO and KEGG. In result, seven co‐expression modules were identified, containing 2,228 differentially expressed genes identified from the 22 human osteosarcoma samples. Subsequently, correlation study showed that the hub‐genes between pair‐wise modules displayed significant differences. Lastly, functional enrichment analysis of the co‐expression modules showed that the module 5 enriched in progresses of immune response, antigen processing, and presentation. In conclusion, we identified essential genes in module 5 which were associated to human osteosarcoma. The key genes in our findings might provide the framework of co‐expression gene modules of human osteosarcoma. Further, the functional analysis of these associated genes provides references to understand the mechanism of Osteosarcoma. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3953–3959, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of three multiplex PCR assays for detection of respiratory viruses: Anyplex II RV16, AdvanSure RV, and Real‐Q RV
Authors: Yun Seung Gyu , Kim Min Young , Choi Jong Moon , Lee Chang Kyu , Lim Chae Seung , Cho Yunjung , Suh In Bum 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundDue to its great sensitivity, the nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) is widely used for detection of respiratory viruses (RV). However, few reports have described a direct comparison between multiplex RT‐PCR assays for RV. The objective of this study was to perform a direct comparison of three multiplex RT‐PCR assays for the detection of respiratory viruses.MethodsA total of 201 respiratory samples (161 nasopharyngeal swab samples and 40 sputum samples) were tested with three commercial RV assays: Seegene Anyplex II RV16 (AP), LG AdvanSure RV (AD), and Biosewoom Real‐Q RV (RQ). The additional tests for the discrepant results were conducted by repeat RV assay or monoplex PCR coupled direct sequencing. Data analysis using percent agreement, kappa, and prevalence‐adjusted and bias‐adjusted kappa (PABAK) values was performed for comparisons among the three RV assays.ResultsOf the 201 samples, AP, AD, and RQ detected 105 (52.2%), 99 (49.3%), and 95 (47.3%) positive cases respectively. The overall agreement, kappa, and PABAK values for the three assays ranged between 97%‐98%, 0.76‐0.86, and 0.93‐0.96 respectively. The performance of the three assays was very similar, with 94%‐100% agreement for all comparisons, each virus types. The additional testing of samples showed discrepant results demonstrating that AD assay had the highest rate of concordance with original results.ConclusionsWe suggest that all multiplex assay would be suitable for the detection of for respiratory viruses in clinical setting.
Results From the First‐in‐Human Study With Ozanimod, a Novel, Selective Sphingosine‐1‐Phosphate Receptor Modulator
Authors: Tran Jonathan Q. , Hartung Jeffrey P. , Peach Robert J. , Boehm Marcus F. , Rosen Hugh , Smith Heather , Brooks Jennifer L. , Timony Gregg A. , Olson Allan D. , Gujrathi Sheila , Frohna Paul A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe sphingosine‐1‐phosphate 1 receptor (S1P1R) is expressed by lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and vascular endothelial cells and plays a role in the regulation of chronic inflammation and lymphocyte egress from peripheral lymphoid organs. Ozanimod is an oral selective modulator of S1P1R and S1P5R receptors in clinical development for the treatment of chronic immune‐mediated, inflammatory diseases. This first‐in‐human study characterized the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of ozanimod in 88 healthy volunteers using a range of single and multiple doses (7 and 28 days) and a dose‐escalation regimen. Ozanimod was generally well tolerated up to a maximum single dose of 3 mg and multiple doses of 2 mg/d, with no severe adverse events (AEs) and no dose‐limiting toxicities. The most common ozanimod‐related AEs included headache, somnolence, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. Ozanimod exhibited linear PK, high steady‐state volume of distribution (73–101 L/kg), moderate oral clearance (204–227 L/h), and an elimination half‐life of approximately 17 to 21 hours. Ozanimod produced a robust dose‐dependent reduction in total peripheral lymphocytes, with a median decrease of 65% to 68% observed after 28 days of dosing at 1 and 1.5 mg/d, respectively. Ozanimod selectivity affected lymphocyte subtypes, causing marked decreases in cells expressing CCR7 and variable decreases in subsets lacking CCR7. A dose‐dependent negative chronotropic effect was observed following the first dose, with the dose‐escalation regimen attenuating the first‐dose negative chronotropic effect. Ozanimod safety, PK, and PD properties support the once‐daily regimens under clinical investigation.
Regulation of protein‐binding activities of molecularly imprinted polymers via post‐imprinting modifications to exchange functional groups within the imprinted cavity
Authors: Sunayama Hirobumi , Kitayama Yukiya , Takeuchi Toshifumi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe prepared lysozyme‐imprinted polymers bearing modifiable sites within the imprinted cavity to introduce various functional groups via post‐imprinting modifications. For this purpose, ({[2‐(2‐methacrylamido)‐ethyldithio]‐ethylcarbamoyl}‐methoxy)acetic acid (MDTA), which has a carboxy group to interact with the target protein, lysozyme, and a disulfide linkage for post‐imprinting modifications, was used as a functional monomer. A lysozyme‐imprinted polymer film was prepared by copolymerization of MDTA with a cross‐linker, N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide, in the presence of lysozyme. After removing lysozyme, followed by reducing the disulfide linkage, various functional groups, such as carboxy, amino, sulfonate, and oligo‐ethylene oxide, were introduced to the exposed thiol groups via a disulfide exchange reaction using the pyridyldisulfide derivatives of these functional groups. Various functional groups could be introduced reversibly via this post‐imprinting disulfide exchange reaction after the construction of the lysozyme‐imprinted cavities. The modification regulated the protein‐binding activity. The proposed post‐imprinting modification system, based on a molecular imprinting process, is expected to lead to the development of advanced materials for fine‐tuning and/or introducing desired functions.
Modern analytical methods for the detection of food fraud and adulteration by food category
Authors: Hong Eunyoung , Lee Sang Yoo , Jeong Jae Yun , Park Jung Min , Kim Byung Hee , Kwon Kisung , Chun Hyang Sook 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis review provides current information on the analytical methods used to identify food adulteration in the six most adulterated food categories: animal origin and seafood, oils and fats, beverages, spices and sweet foods (e.g. honey), grain‐based food, and others (organic food and dietary supplements). The analytical techniques (both conventional and emerging) used to identify adulteration in these six food categories involve sensory, physicochemical, DNA‐based, chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, and have been combined with chemometrics, making these techniques more convenient and effective for the analysis of a broad variety of food products. Despite recent advances, the need remains for suitably sensitive and widely applicable methodologies that encompass all the various aspects of food adulteration. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry