bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dipole Segment Model for Axisymmetrical Elongated Asteroids
Authors: Zeng Xiangyuan , Zhang Yonglong , Yu Yang , Liu Xiangdong 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Various simplified models have been investigated as a way to understand the complex dynamical environment near irregular asteroids. A dipole segment model is explored in this paper, one that is composed of a massive straight segment and two point masses at the extremities of the segment. Given an explicitly simple form of the potential function that is associated with the dipole segment model, five topological cases are identified with different sets of system parameters. Locations, stabilities, and variation trends of the system equilibrium points are investigated in a parametric way. The exterior potential distribution of nearly axisymmetrical elongated asteroids is approximated by minimizing the acceleration error in a test zone. The acceleration error minimization process determines the parameters of the dipole segment. The near-Earth asteroid (8567) 1996 HW1 is chosen as an example to evaluate the effectiveness of the approximation method for the exterior potential distribution. The advantages of the dipole segment model over the classical dipole and the traditional segment are also discussed. Percent error of acceleration and the degree of approximation are illustrated by using the dipole segment model to approximate four more asteroids. The high efficiency of the simplified model over the polyhedron is clearly demonstrated by comparing the CPU time.
Observing Galaxy Mergers at the Epoch of Reionization
Authors: Chaikin Evgenii A. , Tyulneva Nadezda V. , Kaurov Alexander A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The galaxies with photometric redshifts observed in a close angular proximity might be either projection coincidences, strongly lensed images of the same galaxy, or separate galaxies that are in a stage of merging. We search for the groups of galaxies in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (HUDF09) in z ∼ 7 and z ∼ 8 drop-out samples. We find no close pairs among 50 galaxies in the z ∼ 7 sample, while in the z ∼ 8 sample we find that 6 out of 22 galaxies have a companion within ∼1″ (3 pairs). Adopting a numerical simulation and performing forward modeling, we show that even though mergers are unlikely to have such a high fraction, the projection coincidences and the strong lensing are even less likely mechanisms to account for all of three pairs. Alternatively, there is a possibility of the contamination in the drop-out catalog from lower redshifts, which potentially can account for all of the groups. Finally, we make projection on the sensitivity to mergers of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), and discuss the possible applications of the high-redshift merging galaxies for decreasing cosmic variance effects on the luminosity function and for improving the accuracy of photometric redshifts in general.
The Large-scale Coronal Structure of the 2017 August 21 Great American Eclipse: An Assessment of Solar Surface Flux Transport Model Enabled Predictions and Observations
Authors: Nandy Dibyendu , Bhowmik Prantika , Yeates Anthony R. , Panda Suman , Tarafder Rajashik , Dash Soumyaranjan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
On 2017 August 21, a total solar eclipse swept across the contiguous United States, providing excellent opportunities for diagnostics of the Sun’s corona. The Sun’s coronal structure is notoriously difficult to observe except during solar eclipses; thus, theoretical models must be relied upon for inferring the underlying magnetic structure of the Sun’s outer atmosphere. These models are necessary for understanding the role of magnetic fields in the heating of the corona to a million degrees and the generation of severe space weather. Here we present a methodology for predicting the structure of the coronal field based on model forward runs of a solar surface flux transport model, whose predicted surface field is utilized to extrapolate future coronal magnetic field structures. This prescription was applied to the 2017 August 21 solar eclipse. A post-eclipse analysis shows good agreement between model simulated and observed coronal structures and their locations on the limb. We demonstrate that slow changes in the Sun’s surface magnetic field distribution driven by long-term flux emergence and its evolution governs large-scale coronal structures with a (plausibly cycle-phase dependent) dynamical memory timescale on the order of a few solar rotations, opening up the possibility for large-scale, global corona predictions at least a month in advance.
Simulations of Effects of Nanophase Iron Space Weather Products on Lunar Regolith Reflectance Spectra
Authors: Escobar-Cerezo J. , Penttilä A. , Kohout T. , Muñoz O. , Moreno F. , Muinonen K. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Lunar soil spectra differ from pulverized lunar rocks spectra by reddening and darkening effects, and shallower absorption bands. These effects have been described in the past as a consequence of space weathering. In this work, we focus on the effects of nanophase iron (npFe0) inclusions on the experimental reflectance spectra of lunar regolith particles. The reflectance spectra are computed using SIRIS3, a code that combines ray optics with radiative-transfer modeling to simulate light scattering by different types of scatterers. The imaginary part of the refractive index as a function of wavelength of immature lunar soil is derived by comparison with the measured spectra of the corresponding material. Furthermore, the effect of adding nanophase iron inclusions on the reflectance spectra is studied. The computed spectra qualitatively reproduce the observed effects of space weathered lunar regolith.
Magnetic Buoyancy and Rotational Instabilities in the Tachocline
Authors: Gilman Peter A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present results from an analytical model for magnetic buoyancy and rotational instabilities in a full spherical shell tachocline that includes rotation, differential rotation close to that observed helioseismically, and toroidal field. Perturbation solutions are found for the limit of large latitudinal wave number, a limit commonly used to maximize instability due to magnetic buoyancy. We find that at all middle and high latitudes vigorous rotational instability is induced by weak toroidal fields, particularly for high longitudinal wave number, even when the vertical rotation gradient is marginally stable without toroidal field. We infer that this instability will prevent much storage of toroidal fields in the tachocline at these latitudes, but could be responsible for the appearance of ephemeral active regions there. By contrast, the low-latitude vertical rotation gradient, opposite in sign to that at high latitudes, is not only stable itself but also prevents magnetic buoyancy instability until the peak toroidal field is raised above a threshold of about 9 kG at the equator, declining to zero where the vertical rotation gradient changes sign, at

in our model. Thus this rotation gradient provides a previously unnoticed mechanism for storage of toroidal fields until they amplify by dynamo action to order 10 kG, whereupon they can overcome the rotation gradient to emerge as sunspots. These results provide a new explanation for why sunspots are seen only at low latitudes. The purely rotational instability at latitudes above 50°, even without toroidal fields, also suggests that the high-latitude tachocline should be much thicker, due to HD turbulence, than has been inferred for lower latitudes from helioseismic measurements.
Interventions for Women With Substance Abuse Issues: A Scoping Review
Authors: Leppard Alison , Ramsay Margaret , Duncan Andrea , Malachowski Cindy , Davis Jane A. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The aim of this scoping review was to describe the characteristics and features of substance abuse interventions for women in North America and discuss the findings from an occupational perspective.
METHOD. A scoping review was conducted to examine North American peer-reviewed literature published between 2001 and 2014. Four databases were searched using terms related to intervention, substance abuse, and women only. Descriptive statistics of categorical groupings were used to describe the data sources and characteristics and features of the interventions.
RESULTS. Forty-two articles met the inclusion criteria, with the majority citing a harm-reduction approach and using multifaceted interventions with various targets for change.
CONCLUSION. Substance abuse interventions for women are typically multifaceted and follow a harm-reduction philosophy. Further research into the efficacy of interventions that more specifically target occupation beyond substance use is needed.
Goal Attainment and Goal Adjustment of Older Adults During Person-Directed Cancer Rehabilitation
Authors: Lyons Kathleen Doyle , Newman Robin M. , Kaufman Peter A. , Bruce Martha L. , Stearns Diane M. , Lansigan Frederick , Chamberlin Mary , Bartels Stephen J. , Whipple Jessica , Hegel Mark T. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. In this pilot study of a home-based occupational therapy intervention intended to reduce disability and improve quality of life, our objective was to identify rates of goal attainment and patterns of goal adjustment of participants.
METHOD. Thirty older adults with cancer were randomized to the intervention arm, and 24 participants identified goals and completed the six-session intervention. An exploratory content analysis of qualitative and quantitative session data was performed.
RESULTS. Participants set 63 6-wk goals and attained 62% of them. Most of the goals addressed walking (28%), sedentary leisure (24%), exercising (16%), or instrumental activities of daily living (14%). When 6-wk goals were not attained (n = 24), there were 10 instances of goal disengagement and 14 instances of goal reengagement.
CONCLUSION. Although most participants were able to meet their goals, many also changed their goals and priorities after reflection and attempts to resume or initiate meaningful activities.
Effectiveness of the Co-PID for Students With Moderate Intellectual Disability
Authors: Selanikyo Efrat , Weintraub Naomi , Yalon-Chamovitz Shira 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOBJECTIVE. We aimed to corroborate the effectiveness of the Collaborative Consultation for Participation of Students With Intellectual Disability (Co-PID), intended for enhancing participation in classroom-related activities.METHOD. The study took place in two special education schools and included students with moderate intellectual and developmental disabilities ages 7–20 yr. The schools were randomly assigned to intervention (Co-PID; n = 28 students, n = 4 teachers) and control (In-Service [IS]; n = 32 students, n = 7 teachers) groups. Participation was evaluated at pre- and posttest of an 8-mo intervention.RESULTS. The Co-PID improved students’ ability to choose among provided options. Additionally, the Co-PID group achieved more goals (measured by goal attainment scaling) than the IS group in all participation areas, and their enhanced participation transferred to other school environments (as measured by the School Function Assessment).CONCLUSION. The Co-PID was found to be an effective program for enhancing classroom and school participation.
Pilot Study Combining Electrical Stimulation and a Dynamic Hand Orthosis for Functional Recovery in Chronic Stroke
Authors: Doucet Barbara M. , Mettler Joni A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOBJECTIVE. We investigated the effect of a combined neuromuscular electrical stimulation (ES) and dynamic hand orthosis (DHO) regimen with a group of people with chronic stroke to improve performance on specific daily tasks.METHOD. Four people with chronic stroke participated in an ES–DHO regimen using the affected upper extremity 5×/wk for 6 wk. Outcome measures included grip strength, range of motion (ROM), and analysis of muscle activation–deactivation during release of grasp through electromyography. Ability to perform specific daily living tasks was assessed using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS).RESULTS. Results suggested that improvements in strength, ROM, and grasp deactivation are possible with the combined ES–DHO regimen. All participants’ AMPS motor scores improved.CONCLUSIONS. An ES–DHO regimen may improve motor skills needed for functional task performance in people with chronic stroke. Results should be interpreted cautiously because of the pilot nature of the study and the small sample size.
Novel alternative splicing variants of &lt;i&gt;ACOX1&lt;/i&gt; and their differential expression patterns in goats
Authors: Wu Xian-Feng , Liu Yuan , Gao Cheng-Fang , Chen Xin-Zhu , Zhang Xiao-Pei , Li Wen-Yang 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. As the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the peroxisomal β-oxidation pathway, acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1), which is regulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated alfa (PPARα), is vital for fatty acid oxidation and deposition, especially in the lipid metabolism of very long-chain fatty acids. Alternative splicing events of ACOX1 have been detected in rodents, Nile tilapia, zebra fish and humans but not in goats. Herein, we identified a novel splice variant of the ACOX1 gene, which was designated as ACOX1-SV1, in addition to the complete transcript, ACOX1, in goats. The length of the ACOX1-SV1 coding sequence was 1983 bp, which presented a novel exon 2 variation owing to alternative 5′-splice site selection in exon 2 and partial intron 1, compared to that in ACOX1. The protein sequence analysis indicated that ACOX1-SV1 was conserved across different species. Reverse-transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis showed that these two isoforms were expressed spatially and differently in different tissue types. ACOX1 and ACOX1-SV1 were expressed at high levels in liver, spleen, brain and adipose tissue in kid goats, and they were abundantly expressed in the fat, liver and spleen of adults. Interestingly, whether in kids or in adults, in fat, the mRNA level of ACOX1 was considerably higher than that of ACOX1-SV1. In contrast, in the liver, the expression of ACOX1-SV1 was considerably higher than that of ACOX1. This differential expression patterns showed the existence of a tissue-dependent splice regulation. These novel findings for ACOX1 should provide new insights for further studies on the function of ACOX1 and its variants that should aid in the breeding of goats with improved meat quality.
Improving colorectal cancer screening rates using motivational interviewing
Authors: Maloney Alicia Russell , Rugen Kathryn Wirtz 
Published: January 2018

Background and objective: Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) through screening is associated with survival rates of more than 90%. Nearly half of American adults are not compliant with recommendations. The purpose of this project is to implement and evaluate an evidenced based protocol utilizing motivational interviewing as an intervention to improve CRC screening rates among a Veteran population. Methods: The project design includes a single session telephone based motivational interviewing session two weeks after receipt of fecal immunochemical test (FIT) for home screening. A motivational interview roadmap was developed to guide the telephone session.Results: All participants were male and 76% had previously completed a CRC screening test. Fourteen percent (n = 7/50) of participants returned their FIT within 2 weeks. Of the 38 participants eligible for telephone based motivational interview 66% (n = 25) were unreachable by telephone and received one or two voicemail messages that stressed the importance of returning the FIT. Of the motivational interviewing recipients, 62% (n = 8/13) successfully returned their FIT. Conclusions: These results provide beginning evidence for the effectiveness of motivational interviewing to improve CRC screening rates. Issues with system processes and healthcare provider behaviors were identified and recommendations for improvement are provided.
Spanish and English
contact and morpheme
acquisition
Authors: Smith Daniel 
Published: January 2018

Regarding
the order of morpheme acquisition in both first language (L1) and
second language (L2) acquisiton there appears to be a so-called
'natural order' of acquisition. In addition, there are peculiarities
which are part of the morphosyntax of any language influencing the
order of morpheme acquisition in L2, whether it be from the L1, or as
in the case of simultaneous bilinguals, another L1. We use
Myers-Scotton's (2002) 4-M model to help us analyze and discuss the
data. The analysis shows a tendency for speakers to acquire language
morphology in a natural order, regardless of the L1, but with special
reference to Spanish and English we show that the two languages can
influence each other and make changes in the order of
acquisition.
Quantifying and Comparing Effects of Climate Engineering Methods on the Earth System
Authors: Sonntag Sebastian , Ferrer González Miriam , Ilyina Tatiana , Kracher Daniela , Nabel Julia E. M. S. , Niemeier Ulrike , Pongratz Julia , Reick Christian H. , Schmidt Hauke 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo contribute to a quantitative comparison of climate engineering (CE) methods, we assess atmosphere‐, ocean‐, and land‐based CE measures with respect to Earth system effects consistently within one comprehensive model. We use the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI‐ESM) with prognostic carbon cycle to compare solar radiation management (SRM) by stratospheric sulfur injection and two carbon dioxide removal methods: afforestation and ocean alkalinization. The CE model experiments are designed to offset the effect of fossil‐fuel burning on global mean surface air temperature under the RCP8.5 scenario to follow or get closer to the RCP4.5 scenario. Our results show the importance of feedbacks in the CE effects. For example, as a response to SRM the land carbon uptake is enhanced by 92 Gt by the year 2100 compared to the reference RCP8.5 scenario due to reduced soil respiration thus reducing atmospheric CO2. Furthermore, we show that normalizations allow for a better comparability of different CE methods. For example, we find that due to compensating processes such as biogeophysical effects of afforestation more carbon needs to be removed from the atmosphere by afforestation than by alkalinization to reach the same global warming reduction. Overall, we illustrate how different CE methods affect the components of the Earth system; we identify challenges arising in a CE comparison, and thereby contribute to developing a framework for a comparative assessment of CE.
Recent Synchronous Declines in DIN:TP in Swedish Lakes
Authors: Isles Peter D. F. , Creed Irena F. , Bergström Ann‐Kristin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDeclining atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in northern Europe and parts of North America, coupled with ongoing changes in climate, has the potential to alter the nutrient limitation status of freshwater ecosystems. In this study we compared time series data of atmospheric N deposition, air temperature, and precipitation with corresponding estimates of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), total phosphorus (TP), DIN:TP, and total organic carbon from 78 headwater streams and 95 nutrient‐poor lakes in Sweden from 1998 to 2013 to assess trends in, and potential drivers of, lake N:P ratios. We found that trends in nutrients were variable at the scale of individual lakes but were highly synchronous at the regional scale, suggesting underlying control by broad‐scale environmental drivers mediated by site‐specific characteristics. Widespread declines in lake DIN throughout Sweden were correlated with declines in atmospheric N deposition, particularly in northern areas. TP did not have strong directional trends, but interannual variability was synchronous at regional scales, implying that broad‐scale climate drivers were affecting these trends. Overall, we observed a significant decline in DIN:TP throughout Sweden over the monitoring period. At the beginning of the study period, 32% of lakes were N limited and 45% colimited by N and P. Proportions increased to 63% of lakes N limited and 20% colimited by N and P at the end of the study period. These results suggest that N limitation is likely to become more widespread in subarctic and boreal areas of Europe in the future if recent trends continue.
AuPd−Fe3O4 Nanoparticle Catalysts for Highly Selective, One‐Pot Cascade Nitro‐Reduction and Reductive Amination
Authors: Cho Ahra , Byun Sangmoon , Kim B. Moon 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExceedingly chemoselective preparation of secondary amines from the cascade reaction of nitro reduction followed by reductive amination of the resulting amine with an aldehyde through the use of bimetallic AuPd alloy nanoparticle catalyst is described. We prepared a AuPd alloy nanocatalyst supported on Fe3O4 in gram scale without calcination. One pot synthesis of a number of secondary amines was achieved from a variety of nitroarenes and aryl or alkyl aldehydes under 1 atm of H2 at room temperature. No N‐debenzylation was observed in the case of the reactions involving aryl aldehydes, which is often observed in the reductive amination catalysed by a transition metal catalyst such as palladium. We also accomplished efficient one‐pot synthesis of a number of N‐aryl substituted isoindolinone derivatives from 1‐formylbenzoic acid and several nitroarenes using the same reaction conditions. Furthermore, thanks to the magnetic property of the Fe3O4 support, the AuPd−Fe3O4 NPs could be easily separated and reused up to 20 times without the loss of its catalytic activity.magnified image
Comparative evaluation of five protocols for protein extraction from stony corals (Scleractinia) for proteomics
Authors: Cheng Huamin , Zhao Hongwei , Yang Tinghan , Ruan Sunlan , Wang Haihua , Xiang Nan , Zhou Hailong , Li Qing X. , Diao Xiaoping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCorals especially the reef‐building species are very important to marine ecosystems. Proteomics has been used for researches on coral diseases, bleaching and responses to the environment change. A robust and versatile protein extraction protocol is required for coral proteomics. However, a comparative evaluation of different protein extraction protocols is still not available for proteomic analysis of stony corals. In the present study, five protocols were compared for protein extraction from stony corals. The five protocols were TRIzol, phenol‐based extraction (PBE), trichloroacetic acid (TCA)‐acetone, glass bead‐assisted extraction (GBAE) and a commercially available kit. PBE, TRIzol and the commercial kit were more robust for extracting proteins from stony corals. The protein extraction efficiency and repeatability, two dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) were employed to evaluate the protocols. The results indicated that PBE protocol had the better protein extraction efficiency than the others. Protein extraction coverage varied among the procedures. Each protocol favored for certain proteins. Therefore, it is very important for coral proteomic analysis to select a suitable protein protocol upon the experimental design. In general, PBE protocol can be the first choice for extracting proteins from stony corals.