bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Torque and Drag Analysis to Simulate Forces While Running in Hole Electric Submersible Pump - ESP Assemblies, to Reduce Power Cable Mechanical Damages
Authors: Del Pino J. J. , Núñez W. , Maldonado J. S. , Martin J. L. , Vargas H. , Sanchez L. , Rubiano E. , Prada J. , Gomez S. , Sarkis N. , Gonzalez A. , Jimenez M. , Villamizar E. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Electrical failures of the Electric Submersible Pumping ESP systems reached a record high in various Northern fields in 2014. A study was undertaken to identify and understand these failures and their root causes. The analysis revealed that the main cause of the system failure was either the power cable or the motor lead extension (MLE). Through continued developments in technology, the components of the ESPs have been upgraded to increase their performance, efficiency, and run life.
In Llanos Norte operation, located in east Colombia, an increase in power cable failures was observed between 2012 and 2014. Those failures represented 50% of the total failures associated with downhole equipment with an average run life of 300 days and the main cause was mechanical damage to the cable sustained during installation.
After a detailed well-to-well analysis to identify fault patterns, different reasons arose such as well tortuosity, high run-in-hole speed, changes in cable specifications and deformations caused by the accessories used to protect the cable. All of these items resulted in mechanical damage to the outer armor of the cable, exposing the insulation system to well fluid, which caused an increase in infant (less than 30 days of operation) and premature (less than 365 days of operation) failures.
As an immediate action plan, a decision tree was created to determine run-in-hole speed according to different factors such as: well deviation, outside diameter of equipment and the internal diameter of casing; supporting the analysis with calculations of torque and drag. There were also additional actions implemented to reduce cable failures such as: changes in cable specifications (thicker armor and geometry), training the personnel involved in ESP installation (rig and ESP vendor), changes in the tools used for cable handling, use of new accessories for cable protection and upgrading power cables with lead jackets for applications in gassy wells.
This paper presents a summary of the different solutions implemented after a thorough analysis carried out with an interdisciplinary team composed by personnel of the Field Operator and ESP vendors. The implementations of all actions represented almost MMUSD$ 4 in savings in three years over a population of 395 wells.
First Successful Experience of Hardened Stages for Sandy Wells at Northern Llanos Field, Case History
Authors: Sanchez L. M. , Maldonado J. S. , Martin J. L. , Vargas H. , Garcia W. Nunez , Del Pino J. J. , Rubiano E. , Leon C. H. , Miranda J. S. , Villalobos J. L. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Production fluids with abrasive sand are a continuous challenge for artificial lift equipment (e.g. electric submersible pumps or ESPs) because these fluids generate wear, reduce lifting efficiency and increase the frequency of well interventions due to failures. This study summarizes the first implementation of hardened ESP stages in the Northern Llanos Field. The impellers used in the ESP system are made of a special alloy called Ni-resist Type 4. This alloy improves the resistance to erosion and abrasion over a traditional pump stage made of Ni-resist Type 1.
A candidate well with high flow rate 20,000 bbl/d (600 bbl/d of oil) was selected for a field trial with these special pump stages. The prior ESP's failed with an average run life of 72 days even though the flow rate was restricted producing approximately 75% of its real potential due to the high amount of sand produced. This well is completed in a formation that produces high solids between 50 and 1,000 ppm.
During the field trial of hardened stages, the candidate well reached a run life of 797 days, equivalent to 11 times the average of its previous ESP's with standard metallurgy. It also produced 20% above its fluid potential estimated by reservoir engineering and surveillance teams, and the frequency of well interventions was reduced. The paper shows a real case study that demonstrates production and run life increases as well as the capability of being replicated in other wells with high sand production.
Dynamical Study of Quasi-Steady Conditions for Startup Operations of Electrical Submersible Pumps
Authors: Noui-Mehidi Mohamed Nabil , Arsalan Muhammad 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) are subject to several failure modes that are well documented in the industry. Startup conditions have seen a lot of improvement over the past decade, with new generations of the variable speed drive (VSD) and controllers avoiding harmful frequencies to the system. Subsequently, ramping protocols are important to achieve safe and optimal pump operation. The present paper discusses the requirements to achieve a smooth and reliable startup of ESPs based on dynamical considerations. The analysis evaluates both mechanical and electrical constraints and their implications on a safe ramping procedure. It was found that a combination of different loads on the pump shaft can result in unwanted dynamical loads that could compromise the pump's operational reliability. It is shown that startup protocols close to the natural motor resistance are beneficial for a smooth and reliable rampup without compromising the system's stability.
Case Study, Permanent Magnet Motor Operation Below Perforations in Stagnant Fluid
Authors: Guindi Ramez , Storts Brent , Beard Jeremy 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Operating Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) below the perforations offers multiple advantages and in some cases, can change field production economics feasibility. For example, lowering the intake below all perforations reduces gas interference for better pump performance while also maximizing the well drawdown. Induction ESP motors however rely on well fluid moving past the motor for motor cooling and for this reason ESPs have been installed either above the perforations or have utilized mechanical means to divert well fluid across the motor when installed below the perforations. Diverting the fluid to pass by the motor involves the use of special devices such as shrouds or circulating tubes which adds complexity to the equipment configuration and can negatively affect both performance and runlife.
This case study is about a well that has proven too challenging for conventional ESP technology due to its high gas/oil ratio and unusual production profile. Multiple conventional ESP installations, set above the perforations, using induction motors (IM) failed shortly after installation and were unable to maintain continuous production. A permanent magnet motor (PMM) ESP system was successfully installed in this well below the perforations without a shroud. It minimized gas locking of the pump and increased daily production.
Many operators and ESP providers have tried to install ESPs driven by induction motors below the perforations in the past without the use of a shroud or a circulation tube, but in most cases the motor heat rise could not be maintained within operating limits. The authors believe that the ESP deployment/operational method in this well is the first commercial successful electrical submersible pump installation without forced heat convection (through shrouds or circulating tubes) and would like to share their experiences with this application as this new technique will improve ESP operating conditions in many wells.
Difficulties of presentation composite antonyms in the explanatory dictionary of antonims compound words
Authors: Merkuryeva Nataliya Mihaylovna 
Published: April 2017

The article is devoted to the problems of compound words codification in the dictionaries of antonyms. The variants of interpretation of composites, taking into account not only dictionary definitions, but also the nuances of a complex manifestation of compound words in language and speech – stylistic heterogeneity, asymmetry of the semantic components of the composite, antonyms for secondary meanings and nuances of word, imagery and terminology opposition are explored. Through the example of the construction of various types of entries it is concluded that a dictionary of antonyms compound words is relevant, it reflects not only the complex structure of each polisemic composite, but also demonstrates its paradigmatic and syntagmatic relations.
POLA RELASI BISNIS DAN POLITIK DI INDONESIA MASA REFORMASI: KASUS RENT SEEKING
Authors: Solihah Ratnia 
Published: April 2017

Patterns of business and political relations in the reform period is one form of transformation of the pattern of political and business relations of the New Order. This relation involving actors in the political and economical sector through the actions taken to share the resources of the state, where the practice of rent seeking is done openly in a democratic regime. Rent seeking in the reform period was transformed through regime change, from the authoritarian New Order regime to democratic regime in reform period. In the transformation process, rent seeking growing not only among economical and political / governmental actors at the central level but also extends to localactors. The shift in the relation of power from the center to the regions shifting the map of corruption that was once centralized and then spread to smaller level of area. Pattern of business and political relationships was transformed due to the reorganization of the business actors during the New Order to the current political situation to keep control of economic resources; The appearance of new businesses as new economic powers; and the presence of political/governmental actors still dominated by predatory power relations and clientelism.
Pengaruh Naungan dan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Kentang Kultivar Atlantik di Dataran Medium
Authors: Hamdani Jajang Sauman , , Sumadi , Suriadinata Yayat Rochayat , Martins Lourenco 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT<br /><br />Use of shade on the cultivation of potato in medium altitude is expected to reduce both light intensity and temperature, and therefore is more suitable for potatoes to grow in medium altitude. While the use of growth regulators subtances improving the process of assimilate distribution from the leaves to the tuber. Therefore use of shade followed by plant growth regulators applications are expected to increase of growth and yield. The objectives of the experiment were to determine growth and yield of potato cultivar Atlantik grown at medium altitude with different types of shading and plant growth regulators. The experiment was conducted at an experimental station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Sumedang, at an altitude 685 m asl. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design consisting of two factors and three replications. The main plots were types of shading (without shading, paranet 45%, UV polyethylene, and corn plant) and the sub plots were combination of plant growth regulators (benzylaminopurine + paclobutrazol), (benzylaminopurine +chloro choline chloride), benzylaminopurine, paclobutrazol, chloro choline chloride). The results showed that the effect of interaction between shading and plant growth regulator on growth and yield of the potato were not significant. Paranet shade and corn plant shade increased plant height, leaf area index, tuber weight per plant, yield per hectar and tuber grade A of potato cultivar Atlantik. Corn plant shading gave potato yield 21.6 ton ha-1 with 64% grade A tuber. Paclobutrazol decreased potato plant height, but increased number of tuber per plant and yielded highest tuber weight of 702.1 per plant (23.3 ton ha-1 ), with 70.9% grade A tuber. <br /><br />Keywords: Benzylaminopurine, microclimate, paclobutrazol, temperature
Produktivitas Tiga Genotipe Kedelai dengan Air Berbeda dan Kedalaman Muka Air pada Berbagai Kondisi Tanah di Pasang Surut
Authors: Pujiwati Hesti , Aziz Sandra A. , Ghulamahdi Munif , Yahya Sudirman , Haridjaja Dan Oteng 
Published: April 2017

<em>ABSTRACT<br /><br />Soybean extensification on mineral and peaty mineral soils of tidal land are limited by Al and Fe toxicity. Modification of growing environment and the use of tolerant variety are the possible alternatives to overcome the limitation. The research was aimed to study soybean productivity in various soil types with different depth of water level and different water compositions. The experiment was held under mineral, peaty mineral soils with interaction types B and C of tidal swamp in Banyuasin, South Sumatera from May to August 2014. At each location, there was a three factor experiment was arranged in a split-split plot design. The first factor was two water depth (10 and 20 cm), the second factor was three varieties (Tanggamus, Cikuray, Ceneng) and third factor was three different water compositions (river water, peat water, high-tide water). The results showed productivity on mineral soil types C, peaty mineral soil types B, and mineral soil types B were 4:50, 3.65, 0:32 ton ha-1 respectively. In peaty mineral soil types B, Ceneng with a depth of 20 cm water level resulted in highest productivity. In the mineral soil overflow type B, Cikuray with peat water composition had highest productivity.<br /><br />Keywords: mineral, peaty mineral, sensitive, tolerant<br /><br /></em>
Formações discursivas na EJA: posicionamentos discursivos de professores de língua inglesa
Authors: Leite Natália Costa , Neves Maralice de Souza 
Published: April 2017

Ancorado nos pressupostos da Análise do Discurso Franco-Brasileira (ADF), este artigo objetiva analisar os efeitos de sentido mobilizados pelos professores sobre o projeto EJA e o ensino de língua inglesa. Em nossas análises, pinçamos diversos significantes que caracterizaram a EJA como um espaço menor ou periférico. Nomeamos tais regularidades como FD do Conformismo. Já a FD da Ruptura sinalizou um corte nesses sentidos (pre)vistos e apontou para a produção de outros (não)saberes e novas/outras memórias perante o aluno e o ensino de Língua Inglesa.
Morphologies and Growth Mechanisms of the Eutectic Particles in As-Cast Al-Mg-Sc Alloy
Authors: Pan D. , Zhou S. , Zhang Z. , Li M. , Li H. , Wu Y. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Primary particles with faceted cubic morphology were produced in as-cast Al-Mg alloy due to the addition of Sc. The cross-section of the particles revealed some eutectic structure composed of multilayer of ‘Al3Sc + α-Al + Al3Sc····’. At the cooling rate of 200 – 300 K/s, Al3Sc primary phase nucleated initially on oxides within the melt and developed to a cubic structure with a ‘cellular-dendritic’ mode of growth. The formation of α-Al structural shells was attributed as a reason for the segregation of Mg-rich lamellar dendrites at later stages. A growth mechanism for multilayer structure was proposed using the results presented.
Computer-Tomography and its Use in Failure Analysis
Authors: Panzenböck M. , Borchert M. , Freitag C. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
In the last fifteen years computer-tomography has proven to be a valuable aid in the fields of medicine, materials technology and forensics. Nowadays it is hard to image non-destructive testing being carried out without its use. This article serves to demonstrate the power of the technique within the field of failure analysis with reference to two chosen case studies. The first case concerns the failure of magnetic valves, the second case focusses on the failure of corrosion resistant screws.
„Die Zeit kommt nicht wieder“: Elterngeldnutzung erwerbstätiger Väter in Bayern
Authors: Peltz Kathrin , Streckenbach Luisa Antonie , Müller Dagmar , Possinger Johanna , Thiessen Barbara 
Published: April 2017

The popularity of the ‘Elterngeld’ – the current parental allowance legislation in Germany – is considerably growing among fathers. By means of a multiple-method research approach, the influence of employment on paternity leave is investigated through the example of Bavaria – a federal state that has a particularly high rate of fathers taking parental leave. Contextual factors that might influence fathers’ involvement at the district level are investigated based on aggregated regional data using linear regression. It shows that a low rate of unemployment, job opportunities for highly qualified workers and an equitable balance in the participation of women and men in working life correlate with a higher rate of paternity leave. Individual rationales for taking parental leave are reconstructed on the basis of problem-focused interviews with Bavarian fathers and couples during paternity leave. The analysis revealed that, besides financial considerations, the emotional attachment to working life is of great importance for the decision of fathers taking parental leave. Even though the high income level in Bavaria is not – differently than previously assumed – crucial for the extensive use of ‘father months’, the findings confirm the overall importance of employment and the income level of both parents for the fathers’ decision on taking parental leave.
Zusammenfassung
Das Elterngeld erfreut sich bei Vätern zunehmender Beliebtheit. Am Beispiel Bayerns – einem Bundesland, in dem die Nutzung der ‚Vätermonate‘ besonders hoch ist und gleichzeitig regional variiert – wird mithilfe eines multimethodischen Designs untersucht, welche Bedeutung die Erwerbsarbeit für den Elterngeldbezug von Vätern hat. Auf der Grundlage aggregierter Regionaldaten wird zunächst mittels linearer Regression analysiert, welche Kontextfaktoren die Väterbeteiligung auf Kreisebene beeinflussen. Dabei zeigt sich, dass vor allem eine geringe Arbeitslosigkeit, das Arbeitsplatzangebot für hoch qualifizierte Beschäftigte und eine ausgewogene Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen und Männern mit einer höheren Väterbeteiligung am Elterngeld einhergehen. Zudem werden auf Grundlage problemzentrierter Interviews mit Vätern und Paaren individuelle Begründungen für den Elterngeldbezug des Vaters rekonstruiert. Neben finanziellen Erwägungen bestimmt eine emotionale Verwobenheit mit der Erwerbsarbeit die Elterngeld-Entscheidung. Insgesamt zeigt sich, wie bedeutsam die Erwerbsarbeit und das Einkommen beider Elternteile für die Elterngeldentscheidung sind, auch wenn das hohe bayerische Einkommensniveau nicht ausschlaggebend für die hohe Nutzung der Partnermonate ist.
Toward the Automation of Diagnostic Conversation Analysis in Patients with Memory Complaints
Authors: Mirheidari Bahman , Blackburn Daniel , Harkness Kirsty , Walker Traci , Venneri Annalena , Reuber Markus , Christensen Heidi 
Published: April 2017

Background: The early diagnosis of dementia is of great clinical and social importance. A recent study using the qualitative methodology of conversation analysis (CA) demonstrated that language and communication problems are evident during interactions between patients and neurologists, and that interactional observations can be used to differentiate between cognitive difficulties due to neurodegenerative disorders (ND) or functional memory disorders (FMD). Objective: This study explores whether the differential diagnostic analysis of doctor-patient interactions in a memory clinic can be automated. Methods: Verbatim transcripts of conversations between neurologists and patients initially presenting with memory problems to a specialist clinic were produced manually (15 with FMD, and 15 with ND). A range of automatically detectable features focusing on acoustic, lexical, semantic, and visual information contained in the transcripts were defined aiming to replicate the diagnostic qualitative observations. The features were used to train a set of five machine learning classifiers to distinguish between ND and FMD. Results: The mean rate of correct classification between ND and FMD was 93% ranging from 97% by the Perceptron classifier to 90% by the Random Forest classifier.Using only the ten best features, the mean correct classification score increased to 95%. Conclusion: This pilot study provides proof-of-principle that a machine learning approach to analyzing transcripts of interactions between neurologists and patients describing memory problems can distinguish people with neurodegenerative dementia from people with FMD.
Prediction of Conversion to Alzheimer’s Disease with Longitudinal Measures and Time-To-Event Data
Authors: Li Kan , Chan Wenyaw , Doody Rachelle S. , Quinn Joseph , Luo Sheng ,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2017

Background: Identifying predictors of conversion to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is critically important for AD prevention and targeted treatment. Objective: To compare various clinical and biomarker trajectories for tracking progression and predicting conversion from amnestic mild cognitive impairment to probable AD. Methods: Participants were from the ADNI-1 study. We assessed the ability of 33 longitudinal biomarkers to predict time to AD conversion, accounting for demographic and genetic factors. We used joint modelling of longitudinal and survival data to examine the association between changes of measures and disease progression. We also employed time-dependent receiver operating characteristic method to assess the discriminating capability of the measures. Results: 23 of 33 longitudinal clinical and imaging measures are significant predictors of AD conversion beyond demographic and genetic factors. The strong phenotypic and biological predictors are in the cognitive domain (ADAS-Cog; RAVLT), functional domain (FAQ), and neuroimaging domain (middle temporal gyrus and hippocampal volume). The strongest predictor is ADAS-Cog 13 with an increase of one SD in ADAS-Cog 13 increased the risk of AD conversion by 2.92 times. Conclusion: Prediction of AD conversion can be improved by incorporating longitudinal change information, in addition to baseline characteristics. Cognitive measures are consistently significant and generally stronger predictors than imaging measures.
Development of a Full Ice-cream Cone Model for Halo Coronal Mass Ejections
Authors: Na Hyeonock , Moon Y.-J. , Lee Harim 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
It is essential to determine three-dimensional parameters (e.g., radial speed, angular width, and source location) of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) for the space weather forecast. In this study, we investigate which cone type represents a halo CME morphology using 29 CMEs (12 Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO)/Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) halo CMEs and 17 Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO)/Sun–Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation COR2 halo CMEs) from 2010 December to 2011 June. These CMEs are identified as halo CMEs by one spacecraft (SOHO or one of STEREO A and B) and limb ones by the other spacecraft (One of STEREO A and B or SOHO). From cone shape parameters of these CMEs, such as their front curvature, we find that the CME observational structures are much closer to a full ice-cream cone type than a shallow ice-cream cone type. Thus, we develop a full ice-cream cone model based on a new methodology that the full ice-cream cone consists of many flat cones with different heights and angular widths to estimate the three-dimensional parameters of the halo CMEs. This model is constructed by carrying out the following steps: (1) construct a cone for a given height and angular width, (2) project the cone onto the sky plane, (3) select points comprising the outer boundary, and (4) minimize the difference between the estimated projection speeds with the observed ones. By applying this model to 12 SOHO/LASCO halo CMEs, we find that 3D parameters from our method are similar to those from other stereoscopic methods (i.e., a triangulation method and a Graduated Cylindrical Shell model).