bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacteriohopanepolyols along redox gradients in the Humboldt Current System off northern Chile
Authors: Matys E. D. , Sepúlveda J. , Pantoja S. , Lange C. B. , Caniupán M. , Lamy F. , Summons R. E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMarine oxygen minimum zones (OMZs) are characterized by the presence of subsurface suboxic or anoxic waters where diverse microbial processes are responsible for the removal of fixed nitrogen. OMZs have expanded over past decades and are expected to continue expanding in response to the changing climate. The implications for marine biogeochemistry, particularly nitrogen cycling, are uncertain. Cell membrane lipids (biomarkers), such as bacterial bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs) and their degradation products (hopanoids), have distinctive structural attributes that convey information about their biological sources. Since the discovery of fossil hopanoids in ancient sediments, the study of BHPs has been of great biogeochemical interest due to their potential to serve as proxies for bacteria in the geological record. A stereoisomer of bacteriohopanetetrol (BHT), BHT II, has been previously identified in OMZ waters and has as been unequivocally identified in culture enrichments of anammox bacteria, a key group contributing to nitrogen loss in marine OMZs. We tested BHT II as a proxy for suboxia/anoxia and anammox bacteria in suspended organic matter across OMZ waters of the Humboldt Current System off northern Chile, as well as in surface and deeply buried sediments (125–150 ky). The BHT II ratio (BHT II/total BHT) increases as oxygen content decreases through the water column, consistent with previous results from Perú, the Cariaco Basin and the Arabian Sea, and in line with microbiological evidence indicating intense anammox activity in the Chilean OMZ. Notably, BHT II is transported from the water column to surface sediments, and preserved in deeply buried sediments, where the BHT II ratio correlates with changes in δ15N sediment values during glacial–interglacial transitions. This study suggests that BHT II offers a proxy for past changes in the relative importance of anammox, and fluctuations in nitrogen cycling in response to ocean redox changes through the geological record.
HER2 challenge contest: a detailed assessment of automated HER2 scoring algorithms in whole slide images of breast cancer tissues
Authors: Qaiser Talha , Mukherjee Abhik , Reddy PB Chaitanya , Munugoti Sai D , Tallam Vamsi , Pitkäaho Tomi , Lehtimäki Taina , Naughton Thomas , Berseth Matt , Pedraza Aníbal , Mukundan Ramakrishnan , Smith Matthew , Bhalerao Abhir , Rodner Erik , Simon Marcel , Denzler Joachim , Huang Chao‐Hui , Bueno Gloria , Snead David , Ellis Ian O , Ilyas Mohammad , Rajpoot Nasir 
Published: August 2017

AimsEvaluating expression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) by visual examination of immunohistochemistry (IHC) on invasive breast cancer (BCa) is a key part of the diagnostic assessment of BCa due to its recognized importance as a predictive and prognostic marker in clinical practice. However, visual scoring of HER2 is subjective, and consequently prone to interobserver variability. Given the prognostic and therapeutic implications of HER2 scoring, a more objective method is required. In this paper, we report on a recent automated HER2 scoring contest, held in conjunction with the annual PathSoc meeting held in Nottingham in June 2016, aimed at systematically comparing and advancing the state‐of‐the‐art artificial intelligence (AI)‐based automated methods for HER2 scoring.Methods and resultsThe contest data set comprised digitized whole slide images (WSI) of sections from 86 cases of invasive breast carcinoma stained with both haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and IHC for HER2. The contesting algorithms predicted scores of the IHC slides automatically for an unseen subset of the data set and the predicted scores were compared with the ‘ground truth’ (a consensus score from at least two experts). We also report on a simple ‘Man versus Machine’ contest for the scoring of HER2 and show that the automated methods could beat the pathology experts on this contest data set.ConclusionsThis paper presents a benchmark for comparing the performance of automated algorithms for scoring of HER2. It also demonstrates the enormous potential of automated algorithms in assisting the pathologist with objective IHC scoring.
Elastic‐viscoplasticity modeling of the thermo‐mechanical behavior of chalcogenide glass for aspheric lens molding
Authors: Zhou Tianfeng , Zhou Qin , Xie Jiaqing , Liu Xiaohua , Wang Xibin , Ruan Haihui 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChalcogenide glass (ChG), as an alternative material in place of single‐crystal germanium, is increasingly used in thermal imaging, night vision, and infrared guidance systems, etc., owing to their excellent formability through precision glass molding (PGM). The deformation mechanisms of these glasses at the molding temperature involve elasticity, plasticity, and viscous flow, which call for a new theoretical model to assist the design of PGM process. This paper investigates the thermo‐mechanical properties of Ge22Se58As20 at the temperature above its softening point and establishes a new elastic‐viscoplasticity model to describe its thermo‐mechanical behaviors. After determining the model parameters through cylindrical compression tests, the new constitutive model is implemented in finite element method (FEM) of PGM to form an aspheric ChG lens. And the agreement of displacement‐time curves between experimental and simulation results exhibit the validity of the proposed elastic‐viscoplastic constitutive model.
Rheological, thermal and microstructural properties of whey protein isolate‐modified cassava starch mixed gels at different pH values
Authors: Ren Fei , Yu Bin , Dong Die , Hou Zhao‐hua , Cui Bo 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe objective of this study was to investigate the rheological, thermal and microstructural properties of whey protein isolate (WPI)‐hydroxypropylated cassava starch (HPCS) gels and WPI‐cross‐linked cassava starch (CLCS) gels at different pH values (5.75, 7.00 and 9.00). The rheological results showed that the WPI‐modified starch gels had greater storage modulus (Gʹ) values than the WPI‐native cassava starch gels at pH 5.75 and 7.00. Differential scanning calorimetry curves suggested that the phase transition order of the WPI and modified starch changed as the pH increased. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the addition of HPCS and CLCS contributed to the formation of a compact microstructure at pH 5.75 and 7.00. A comprehensive analysis showed that the gelling properties of the WPI‐modified starch were affected by the difference between the WPI denaturation temperature and modified starch gelatinisation temperature and by the granular properties of the modified starch during gelatinisation. These results may contribute to the application of WPI‐modified starch mixtures in food preparation.
Designing an experiment with quantitative treatment factors to study the effects of climate change
Authors: Piepho H.‐P. , Herndl M. , Pötsch E. M. , Bahn M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractExperiments for studying the effects of climatic change on ecosystems often involve manipulation of one or several quantitative treatment factors of interest. Response surface regression is the method of choice for these types of experiment. Here, we describe the development of a design of a free air CO2enrichment experiment with two quantitative treatment factors, that is, elevated temperature andCO2enrichment. The design strategy takes account of budget constraints imposing limitations on the number of plots with elevated temperature andCO2levels. The approach is based on polynomial regression models and is focussed on an efficient estimation of interaction between the two treatment factors. Extension to more than two factors is straightforward. An analysis of soil moisture data demonstrates the overall suitability of the proposed design to analyse non‐linear interactions of two (or more) global change factors.
Study on crystallization behaviors of As–Se–Bi chalcogenide glasses
Authors: Yin Haiwei , Li Lei , Yang Guang , Wang Yang , Zheng Jianhua , Zeng Huidan , Chen Guorong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe crystallization behaviors of As–Se–Bi chalcogenide glasses were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Three models were used to study the glass transition behavior and the activation energy. Results showed thermal stability of glass against crystallization decreased with Bi addition in As–Se–Bi system. The mechanism of crystal growth in glasses was also studied by the Avrami exponent n. For B0, B2.5, and B5, n values are 3.12, 1.59, and 2.21 (low temperature) and 4.61 (high temperature), respectively. The thermal stability of glass is in good agreement with glass network structure. It was found that glass network structures closely associated with the Bi content and As/Se ratio were studied by X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. And the different ratios lead to the change in Bi2Se3 crystalline orientation.
Synthesis of fine zirconium carbide powder by carbothermal reaction of carbon‐coated zirconia particles
Authors: Cetinkaya Senol 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this study, a novel method for the synthesis of fine ZrC powder was presented. It consists of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of C from CH4 on ZrO2 particles followed by carbothermal reaction. Firstly, optimal CVD conditions (1300 K and 30 minutes) yielding the stoichiometric amount of C deposit (23 wt%) were determined. Carbothermal reaction behavior of the carbon‐coated oxide particles was then investigated in Ar flow at 1700‐1800 K for 0‐120 minutes. Mass measurements, XRD and SEM techniques were used to characterize the products at various stages of the process. Lattice constants and mass losses of the samples increased to the levels of ZrC with increasing temperature and time. Almost pure ZrC powder (oxygen content: 0.59 wt%) with a mean particle size of ~170 nm was synthesized at 1800 K within 120 minutes. The present study demonstrates that ZrC powder can be synthesized at lower temperatures and shorter reaction times using C‐coated ZrO2 powders compared with the conventional method which uses a mixture of ZrO2 and solid C particles.
Outcomes of interventions for nurse leaders’ well‐being at work: A quantitative systematic review
Authors: Häggman‐Laitila Arja , Romppanen Johanna 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to gather, assess and synthesize current research knowledge on interventions that aimed to improve nurse leaders’ well‐being at work.BackgroundThe research evidence on interventions for nurse leaders’ well‐being at work has been sporadic and there are a lack of evidence‐based recommendations for effective interventions that inform practice, future studies and education.DesignA quantitative systematic review, in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration procedures and the reporting guidance in the PRISMA statement.MethodsCINAHL, Cochrane, EBSCO, PubMed, PsycInfo and Scopus databases were searched from 2009 ‐ December 2016. The final data consisted of five studies, which were assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. The data were summarized narratively.ResultsThe interventions were mainly concerned with stress management and were targeted at individuals. Four of the five interventions examined produced statistically significant outcomes on well‐being at work.ConclusionsStress management interventions that included mental exercises were the most successful. Interventions primarily reduced the stress experienced by participants, but the evidence on the stability of these outcomes was poor because of the short follow‐up periods. The certainty of evidence was low, indicating that the use of these interventions among nurse leaders might be beneficial. Further studies are needed to provide more reliable recommendations for their use. As the performance of nurse leaders influences organizations, through interpersonal relationships, it is important to pay more attention in the future to the development of organization‐ and person‐directed interventions and their combinations. A structural empowerment approach should also be considered.
Vertical subclassification predicts survival of molars with class II furcation involvement during supportive periodontal care
Authors: Tonetti Maurizio S. , Christiansen Allis L. , Cortellini Pierpaolo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundFurcation involvement is a major predictor of tooth survival. Focus has so far been on the predictive value of the horizontal component of furcation involvement. Residual periodontal support on each of the roots is likely to play a major role on retention of the furcated molar. Aim of this clinical audit study was to preliminarily assess the impact of vertical subclassification on tooth retention.MethodsTooth retention of class II furcated molars in 200 consecutive patients compliant with periodontal supportive care for a minimum of 10 years was retrospectively evaluated in a single practice. Randomly selected furcated molars were retrospectively diagnosed in terms of vertical subclassification (residual periodontal support on the most compromised root), and time to tooth extraction/loss was determined in clinical records. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were constructed.ResultsTen‐year survival of molar with class II furcation involvement was 52.5%. Survival was 91% for subclass A, 67% for subclass B and 23% for subclass C. Mean years of survival were 9.5–10.1, 8.5–9.3 and 6–7.3 for subclasses A, B and C, respectively. Tests of equality of the survival distributions showed highly significant differences in all portions of the curve (p < .001). Stratified analyses by smoking showed significant differences for the two groups (p < .001). Hazard rates for tooth extraction/loss were 4.2 and 14.7 for subclasses B and C, respectively.ConclusionsResidual periodontal support assessed as vertical subclassification of furcation involvement seems to be a good predictor of survival of molar with class II horizontal furcation. This has implication for prognosis, treatment planning and development of effective molar retention strategies.
Treatment and alternative usage possibilities of a special wastewater: Nejayote
Authors: Argun Mustafa Samil , Argun Mehmet Emin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNejayote is the wastewater of alkaline cooking process (nixtamalization) and contains high amount of organic agent. Alkaline cooking is a very old process used in processing the corn. This process improves some nutritional and technological properties of corn. However, direct delivery of postprocess occurred nejayote to the receiving environment bears a great deal of environmental risk. In addition, due to bearing the nutritional transport of the compounds found in nejayote, these compounds have the potential to be used for different purposes upon being separated from the nejayote. In this study, treatment of nejayote, pollutant content to be reduced by ecological alkaline cooking practices, and possibilities of alternative applications have been reviewed.Practical applicationsNejayote is a wastewater containing corn components such as germ parts, pericarp, cellulosic structures, proteins, calcium, and endosperm and possesses environment polluting dry matter varying in the range of approximately 1–15%. Throughout alkaline cooking process, considerable amount of nejayote occurs. For this reason, the development of alkaline cooking practices with less polluting nature, the use of nejayote to be purified or to be used in other processes prior to be disposed bears great importance in terms of environmental health.
Brain endothelial cells induce astrocytic expression of the glutamate transporter GLT‐1 by a Notch‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Lee Meredith L. , Martinez‐Lozada Zila , Krizman Elizabeth N. , Robinson Michael B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNeuron‐secreted factors induce astrocytic expression of the glutamate transporter, GLT‐1 (excitatory amino acid transporter 2). In addition to their elaborate anatomic relationships with neurons, astrocytes also have processes that extend to and envelop the vasculature. Although previous studies have demonstrated that brain endothelia contribute to astrocyte differentiation and maturation, the effects of brain endothelia on astrocytic expression of GLT‐1 have not been examined. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that endothelia induce expression of GLT‐1 by co‐culturing astrocytes from mice that utilize non‐coding elements of the GLT‐1 gene to control expression of reporter proteins with the mouse endothelial cell line, bEND.3. We found that endothelia increased steady state levels of reporter and GLT‐1 mRNA/protein. Co‐culturing with primary rat brain endothelia also increases reporter protein, GLT‐1 protein, and GLT‐1‐mediated glutamate uptake. The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, bone morphogenic protein/transforming growth factor β, and nitric oxide pathways have been implicated in endothelia‐to‐astrocyte signaling; we provide multiple lines of evidence that none of these pathways mediate the effects of endothelia on astrocytic GLT‐1 expression. Using transwells with a semi‐permeable membrane, we demonstrate that the effects of the bEND.3 cell line are dependent upon contact. Notch has also been implicated in endothelia‐astrocyte signaling in vitro and in vivo. The first step of Notch signaling requires cleavage of Notch intracellular domain by γ‐secretase. We demonstrate that the γ‐secretase inhibitor N‐[N‐(3,5‐difluorophenacetyl)‐l‐alanyl]‐S‐phenylglycine t‐butyl ester blocks endothelia‐induced increases in GLT‐1. We show that the levels of Notch intracellular domain are higher in nuclei of astrocytes co‐cultured with endothelia, an effect also blocked by N‐[N‐(3,5‐difluorophenacetyl)‐l‐alanyl]‐S‐phenylglycine t‐butyl ester. Finally, infection of co‐cultures with shRNA directed against recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J, a Notch effector, also reduces endothelia‐dependent increases in enhanced green fluorescent protein and GLT‐1. Together, these studies support a novel role for Notch in endothelia‐dependent induction of GLT‐1 expression.Cover Image for this issue: doi. 10.1111/jnc.13825.
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‘Prion‐like’ propagation of the synucleinopathy of M83 transgenic mice depends on the mouse genotype and type of inoculum
Authors: Sargent Dorian , Verchère Jérémy , Lazizzera Corinne , Gaillard Damien , Lakhdar Latifa , Streichenberger Nathalie , Morignat Eric , Bétemps Dominique , Baron Thierry 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe M83 transgenic mouse is a model of human synucleinopathies that develops severe motor impairment correlated with accumulation of the pathological Ser129‐phosphorylated α‐synuclein (α‐synP) in the brain and spinal cord. M83 disease can be accelerated by intracerebral inoculation of brain extracts from sick M83 mice. This has also recently been described using peripheral routes, injecting recombinant preformed α‐syn fibrils into the muscle or the peritoneum. Here, we inoculated homozygous and/or hemizygous M83 neonates via the intraperitoneal and/or intracerebral routes with two different brain extracts: one from sick M83 mice inoculated with brain extract from other sick M83 mice, and the other derived from a human multiple system atrophy source passaged in M83 mice. Detection of α‐synP using ELISA and western blot confirmed the disease in mice. The distribution of α‐synP in the central nervous system was similar, independently of the inoculum or inoculation route, consistent with previous studies describing M83 disease. ELISA tests revealed higher levels of α‐synP in homozygous than in hemizygous sick M83 mice, at least after IC inoculation. Interestingly, the immunoreactivity of α‐synP detected by ELISA was significantly lower in M83 mice inoculated with the multiple system atrophy inoculum than in M83 mice inoculated with the M83 inoculum, at the first two passages. ‘Prion‐like’ propagation of the synucleinopathy up to the clinical disease was accelerated by both intracerebral and intraperitoneal inoculations of brain extracts from sick mice. This acceleration, however, depends on the levels of α‐syn expression by the mouse and the type of inoculum.
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The aberrantly expressed long non‐coding RNA in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum of Nrf2‐knockout mice
Authors: Liu Jian , Xu Yali , Kang Yunxiao , Cao Shanhu , Shi Geming , Cui Huixian , Sun Shaoguang , Wang Lei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNuclear factor erythroid 2 like 2 (Nrf2) functions as a neuroprotective agent in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to investigate the key long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) correlated with Nrf2, which might provide valuable information for the exploration of pathogenesis of PD. The lncRNA and mRNA expression profiling of substantia nigra and corpus striatum of Nrf2 (−/−) mice model was obtained from microarray analysis. The animal experiments conducted for this study were approved by the ethics committee of Hebei Medical University. Bioinformatics analyses were conducted, including differentially expressed lncRNAs/mRNA (differentially expressed lncRNA, DEL/differentially expressed mRNA, DEM) identification, DEL‐DEM coexpression network construction, and biological functions prediction. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was subjected to validate abnormally expressed DELs and DEMs in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum of Nrf2 (−/−) mice model. A total of 48 DELs (37 down‐regulated and 11 up‐regulated) were identified both in Nrf2 (−/−) substantia nigra and corpus striatum; 96 DEMs and 643 DEMs were identified in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum, respectively. DEL‐DEM coexpressed network was constructed. LncRNA AK076880, AK036620, and AK020330 had high connectivity with DEMs both in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum. These DEMs were significantly enriched in signaling pathways such as the calcium signaling pathway, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's disease, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, and the Wnt signaling pathway. Generally, qRT‐PCR validation results of selected DEMs and DELs were consistent with microarray data. The dysregulated DELs and DEMs in the substantia nigra and corpus striatum of Nrf2 (−/−) mice were identified. Our results might provide useful information for further exploring the pathogenesis mechanism of PD.
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