bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Generated in Barrier Discharges and Hydrogen Peroxide Applied to the Removal of BTX-Hydrocarbons by Their Oxidation
Authors: Jaroszyńska Justyna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe presented work has applied model water solutions saturated with Benzene, Toluene, Xylene and their mixtures. They have been subdued to an ozonization process in static and dynamic conditions. Nonequilibrium plasma has been obtained in a tubular ozonizer made of stainless steel equipped with a glass dielectric. Discharges have been generated by sinusoid current of (3.5kV, 4kV, 5kV 5.9kV voltage at carrier gas flow rate of 50 dcm3/h). Dissolved oxidizing mixture (03+02) has been applied to benzene and toluene water solutions under static conditions for 20 min. Benzene and Toluene water solutions have also been exposed to hydrogen dioxide under the same conditions. The compound content in the solutions has been subdued to extraction in methylene dichloride prior to the plasma application and after the process completion. Quality and quantity analyses have been performed by means of gas chromatography with the application of flame-Ionization detection. In static conditions a decomposition rate reaching 97% has been obtained for Benzene and Toluene. The biggest drop of the hydrocarbon content has been observed in the case of Xylene and the smallest one - in the case of Benzene. Obtained results have been summarized and compared by means of a Chromax 2003 and presented in a graphical form.
High-Grade Disinfection Using High-Density Ozone Chemical and Structural Properties of Jordanian Diatomaceous Clay Supported Metal Oxides Chemical and Structural Properties of Jordanian Diatomaceous Clay Supported Metal Oxides Chemical and Structural Properties of Jordanian Diatomaceous Clay Supported Metal Oxides Chemical and Structural Properties of Jordanian Diatomaceous Clay Supported Metal Oxides
Authors: Ohkawa Hiroshi , Akitsu Tetsuya , Ohtsuki Kayoko , Ohnishi Masatoshi , Tsuji Masao 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHigh-grade disinfection was investigated in high-density ozone excited by a dielectric barrier discharge. The experimental result indicated complete disinfections of Bacillus atrophaeus, a spore forming bacterium and Aspergillus niger, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans have been achieved for the surface exposed high density ozone on metallic career with smooth surface or Exafine, a type of hydrophilic vinyl polysiloxane impression material with complex surface.
Chemical and Structural Properties of Jordanian Diatomaceous Clay Supported Metal Oxides
Authors: El-Sheikh Amjad H. , Tutunji Maha F. , Derwish Ghazi A. W. , Musleh Salem M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMetal oxides of titanium, vanadium, manganese and iron were deposited on the native Jordanian diatomaceous clay. The chemical and structural properties of the prepared samples were investigated using SEM, XRF, ICP, XRD and FTIR techniques. The diatomaceous clay supported metal oxides were used in preliminary experiments to explore their interaction with aqueous phenol solution under thermal and photochemical conditions, in the presence and absence of hydrogen peroxide. The results showed that the metal oxides have interacted with the diatomaceous clay and caused some structural changes. These were reflected in the surface area of the samples and their activity in the phenol reactions.
Studies of the Effect of Hydroxyl Radicals on Photosynthesis Pigments of Phytoplankton in Ship's Ballast Water
Authors: Zhang Zhitao , Bai Mindong , Bai Xiyao , Yang Bo , Bai Mindi , Zhou Xiaojian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA pilot-scale system of 20 t/h for the treatment of ship’s ballast water and the setup of dissolved hydroxyl radical was introduced in this paper. With this experimental system, the kill efficiencies of bacteria, mono-algae, protozoan reach 100% within 2.67 s when dissolved OH· concentration is 0.6 mg/L. At the same time, the effect of hydroxyl radicals on the photosynthesis pigments of phytoplankton was done. The results indicate that the contents of chlorophyl-a, chlorophyl-b, chlorophyl-c and carotenoid are decreased to 35 ~ 64% within 8.0 s further to the lowest limit of test after 5 min. When dissolved OH· ratio concentration is 0.68 mg/L, the attenuation efficiencies of photosynthesis pigment are 100%. Therefore the invasive marine species can be killed in the process of the inputting and discharge ship’s ballast water.
Voltage-Current Characteristics of Nitrogen High-Current Glow Discharge
Authors: Takaki K. , Hosokawa M. , Sasaki T. , Mukaigawa S. , Fujiwara T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractVoltage-current (V-I) characteristics of nitrogen glow discharges at 10 torr gas pressure were obtained in a wide discharge current range from 10 mA to 250 A using parallel-plane electrodes. A low inductance capacitor of 1.89 μF and a discharge apparatus with co-axial configuration were used to produce a nitrogen glow discharge with high current. The time-dependent glow voltage was obtained accurately by solving the circuit equation using the measured values of the current and breakdown voltage. Damping resistor was employed to control the glow discharge current and was altered from 0.6 to 225 Ω in order to obtain the V-I characteristics in a wide current range. The glow discharge voltage was almost constant until the whole surface of the cathode was covered with glow, i.e., until the discharge current became 3.0 A under our experimental condition. The voltage, however, increased with the current when the glow covered over the cathode. Electron density and temperature in a positive column of the glow discharge at 250 A discharge current were obtained to 7.4×10
Plasma Oxidation Process of Silicon Surfaces Investigated by Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Shinohara Masanori , Katagiri Teruaki , Iwatsuji Keitaro , Matsuda Yoshinobu , Kimura Yasuo , Niwano Michio , Fujiyama Hiroshi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPlasma oxidation processes of hydrogen-terminated Si(100), (110), and (111) surfaces are investigated by infrared absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) in multiple internal reflection (MIR) geometry. We measured IRAS spectra of hydrogen-terminated Si surfaces exposed to oxygen-plasma in the Si-H stretching vibration region. IRAS data demonstrated that oxygen-plasma affects two influences on the Si surfaces; one is that oxygen-plasma removes surface hydrogen to oxidize the Si surfaces. The other is that it forces the hydrogen into the subsurface regions where oxygen species cannot reach. The former effect does not depend on the crystal graphic orientations, but the latter depends on it. Therefore, in order to oxidize perfectly the H-terminated Si surfaces using oxygen-plasma, the sample surfaces need to be heated so that oxygen atoms can diffuse into the subsurface regions.
The Modification of Carbon Included Polyethylene Surface by Plasma Treatment for Metallizing Using a Low Pressure RF Discharge Plasma
Authors: Lee Jeou-Long , Liu Chung-Ming , Ting Kuen , Cheng Wei-Kung , Tsuchida Takayoshi , Hiramatsu Kenichi , Ono Shigeru , Teii Shinriki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSurface modification of the carbon included polyethylene (semi-conductive PE) surface for metallizing using a low pressure RF discharge plasma has been carried out. The contact angle was used as a measure of the wettability of the PE surface. The roughness and the chemical bondings in PE surface layer were analized by DFM and XPS, respectively. Typical results show that the contact angle decreases from approximately 94° to below 10° after several minutes' treatment and recovers to a saturation value when it was put open to the air after treatment. The saturation value of the contact angle is smaller as the gas pressure for treatment is higher and the treatment time is longer but all are below approximately 60° which is still smaller than that of untreated. DFM and XPS results show that the surface roughness and the bondings C-O and C=O in the PE surface layer also increase with increasing the treatment time and seem to be responsible for improving the hydrophilic property of PE. After pretreatment process, nickel was coated on the PE sheet by electrodeposition method and a good adhesion between the nickel layer and the PE surface compared with that of untreated was obtained.
Catalytic and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Characterization of γ-Al2O3 in a Non-Thermal Plasma
Authors: Roland Ulf , Holzer Frank , Pöppl Andreas , Kopinke Frank-Dieter 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn order to evaluate the potential of the combination of non-thermal plasma (NTP) and in situ heterogeous catalysis (plasma catalysis) for the improvement of efficiency and selectivity towards total oxidation of organic pollutants, the impact of plasma processes inside the inner pore volume of porous materials was investigated by means of catalytic reactions and spectroscopy. Besides studying the conversion of organic model substances, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was applied to detect both the formation of radical species by the NTP and the initiation of structural changes to the catalyst. The presence of short-lived oxidizing species and plasma effects in the inner pore volume of porous catalysts (alumina in this case) could be clearly shown by detecting a significant influence on the oxidation process and the formation of a paramagnetic site which can be correlated to an aluminum peroxide radical: Al-O-O. The relatively stable paramagnetic center (lifetime > 14 days) was formed by the NTP independently of the gas atmosphere, namely its oxygen content. The signal was not significantly affected by the application of reducing agents to the sample.
Ozone Production by Primary and Secondary Streamers in Pulsed Positive Corona Discharge
Authors: Ono Ryo , Oda Tetsuji 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe energy efficiencies of ozone production by the primary and secondary streamers are studied in pulsed positive corona discharge. In a 20-kV dry air discharge, the two-dimensional distribution of ozone density shows that most of ozone is distributed in the secondary streamer channel, not in the primary one. It demonstrates that most of ozone is produced by the secondary streamer. However, the energies consumed by the primary and secondary streamers are estimated to be approximately equal in the 20-kV discharge. This result indicates that the energy efficiency of ozone production by the secondary streamer is much higher than that by the primary one. It is shown that high voltage operation is favorable for ozone production because the rise in voltage increases the ratio of energy consumed by the secondary streamer to that consumed by the primary one.
Hybrid Gas/Liquid Electrical Discharge Reactors with Zeolites for Colored Wastewater Degradation
Authors: Kušić Hrvoje , Koprivanac Natalija , Peternel Igor , Locke Bruce R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHybrid gas/liquid electrical discharge reactors have been used to degrade an organic dye in the presence and absence of zeolites. Simultaneous gas and liquid phase electrical discharges in the hybrid parallel and hybrid series reactors have been shown in previous work to lead to the formation of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in the liquid phase and ozone in the gas phase. These reactors differ in their electrode configuration, and in previous work it was shown that the ozone levels in the parallel reactor are seven times higher than in the series reactor (3000 ppm and 450 ppm, respectively), while both reactors produce the same levels of hydrogen peroxide (4.9 × 10
Decoloration of Organic Dye in Water by Pulsed Discharge Plasma Generated Simultaneously in Gas and Liquid Media
Authors: Sato Masayuki , Kon-no Daigo , Ohshima Takayuki , Sugiarto Anto Tri 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA new process for decomposing organic contaminants in water was proposed. Pulsed discharge plasma was generated in the gas phase, and the produced plasma was permeated through a pinhole into the water phase. Water (upper) and gas (lower) were separated by an insulating plate, where a pinhole was perforated at the center of the plate. Gas was bubbled into the water phase through the pinhole. In the gas phase, the high voltage pulse was applied between the needle electrode and the ground electrode (immersed in the water phase). The high voltage pulsed discharge plasma was generated in the gas phase, simultaneously the plasma channel was permeated into the water phase accompanying by the gas bubbles. The water phase plasma produced a lot of active species, UV light, and high-energy electrons. Porous ceramic tube was tried to use for producing water phase plasma, instead of the insulating plate in a pinhole reactor. It was observed that the gas phase plasma also permeated through many small pores into the water and generated streamer discharge in water. Chicago sky blue aqueous solution was effectively decolored with oxygen gas bubbling than the cases of argon gas and air. With applying pulsed voltage of 20 kV and pulse frequency of 25 Hz with 500 mL/min oxygen bubbling, the dye aqueous solution with 10 ppm initial concentration was decolored about 95% in 10 min treatment. The decoloration rate increased with increasing electrical conductivity of the solution. This type of simultaneous discharge plasma reactor is expected to have high-energy efficiency degradation rate.
Dependence of NOx Removal by Pulsed Streamer Discharge on the Input Energy Density to Nitric Oxide Ratio
Authors: Wang Douyan , Namihira Takao , Katsuki Sunao , Akiyama Hidenori 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNon-thermal plasma produced by pulsed power discharges in atmospheric pressure gases have been studied for the treatment of exhaust gases. In this paper, results are reported of short duration of tens of nanoseconds pulsed power applied to a mixture of nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen, oxygen, and water vapor, simulating flue gases to remove nitrogen oxide (NOx). The effects of the initial NO concentration and the pulsed repetition rate on the percentage of NO removal are reported. The results showed that all NO could be removed completely at different pulse repetition rates. NO removal ratio reached 100% at (3.2 ± 0.1) × 10
Biodegradability Enhancement of Wastewater Containing 4-Chlorophenol by Means of Photo-Fenton
Authors: Bacardit Jordi , Hultgren Anders , García-Molina Verónica , Esplugas Santiago 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of the present work is to study the biodegradability enhancement of a wastewater containing a non-biodegradable compound, 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), using a so-called Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) named Photo-Fenton (Ph-F). The location of this study is in a more complex project the aim of which is the connection of this AOP with a biological treatment. The parameters to be studied are the initial concentrations of Fe
Experimental and Modelling Approach for the Comparison of Fenton and Electro-Fenton Processes. Preliminary Results
Authors: Le Truong Giang , Bermond Alain 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Electro-Fenton is one of the processes based on the Fenton reaction, which have been investigated to improve the efficiency of classical Fenton treatment. The Electro-Fenton has been shown to be efficient in the degradation of many organic compounds. However, generally there is no true estimation of its efficiency compared to that of the classical Fenton process. This study aimed to compare the two processes using an experimental approach and modelling. First of all, degradation of hydrogen peroxide (externally applied) was studied. It was shown that the Electro-Fenton process needs smaller quantities of iron (5 times less) than the Fenton to decompose the same quantity of hydrogen peroxide. The Electro-Fenton process may also produce hydrogen peroxide in situ (oxygen reduction). This leads to an important reduction in the consumption of chemicals (hydrogen peroxide, small quantities of iron salt). Finally, a study of the degradation of phenol, when hydrogen peroxide was electrogenerated has shown the greater efficiency of Electro-Fenton compared to the Fenton process.
Photocatalytic Oxidation of Emerging Contaminants: Kinetics and Pathways for Photocatalytic Oxidation of Pharmaceutical Compounds
Authors: Tungudomwongsa Haruthai , Leckie James , Mill Theodore 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe rates and products of photooxidation of ibuprofen, clofibric acid, diclofenac and naproxen, pharmaceuticals emerging as contaminants in wastewater, were examined in UV-irradiated TiO
Semiconductor Mediated Photocatalysed Degradation of a Pesticide Derivative, Acephate in Aqueous Suspensions of Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Rahman M. Atiqur , Qamar M. , Muneer M. , Bahnemann D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe photocatalysed degradation of a pesticide derivative, acetylphosphoramidothioic acid O,S-dimethyl ester, (Acephate, 1) has been investigated in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide (TiO
LIF Observation of Ground-State OH Radicals in DC Nozzle-to-Plane Positive Streamer Corona
Authors: Kocik M. , Mizeraczyk J. , Kanazawa S. , Ohkubo T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this study, the planar LIF detection of the hydroxyl (OH) radicals was performed in a nozzle-to-plane electrode system having an electrode gap of 30 mm during the steady-state positive streamer corona discharge at atmospheric pressure. For monitoring the ground-state OH radicals, OH transition at 282 nm was used. The two-dimensional OH distribution in the DC corona discharge in air/H
A Study on a Diode-Bridge Type Differential Capacitance Detection Circuit
Authors: Matsuo Takahiro , Pawłat Joanna , Liang Jinxing , Kunitomo Ken , Ueda Toshitsugu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDifferential capacitance sensor with movable electrodes is usually applied for accelerometers, pressure gauges, etc. because of its high sensitivity and resolution. Two axis inclination sensor with differential capacitance structure using MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) technology has recently been designed for industrial and environmental purposes. The initial capacitance of the sensor should be very low, as few pF, therefore, a C-V converter circuit, which is able to detect very small capacitance variations is required. In this study, the particular principle of a “diode-bridge type differential capacitance detection circuit” has been analyzed. After the mathematical simulations performed by using PSpice simulator, the detection of the capacitance variations in fF order resolution are considered.
Development of Agricultural Soil Sterilization Using Ozone Generated by High Frequency Dielectric Barrier Discharge
Authors: Ebihara Kenji , Takayama Masahiro , Ikegami Tomoaki , Ogata Kouichi , Stryczewska Henryka Danuta , Gyoutoku Yutaka , Sakai Takamasa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe have developed the ozone generation system suitable for soil sterilization and ozone supplying system into the soil. The coaxial dielectric barrier discharge produced the ozone with high concentration at high efficiency. Injection of the on- site generated ozone gas into the soil resulted in decreasing soil pathogen and changing chemical properties of the soil. We studied ozone sterilization of agricultural soil when it was treated by varying ozone dosages and process duration. The temporal and spatial properties of the soil were monitored using the pH and electrical conductivity. The bacteria populations, pathogen and soil-borne fungi were measured after various ozone treatment procedures. 100g/m3 of ozone was injected into the soil at a flow rate of 2 liter/min during 60 min. The pH shows drastic change in 40 min that will be one of indexes indicating the sterilization level. In this treatment 100% of the bacteria in the agricultural soil was killed.
Modeling of the Temperature Distribution in Arc Discharge Plasma Reactor
Authors: Diatczyk Jarosław , Stryczewska Henryka Danuta , Komarzyniec Grzegorz 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFor pollution control the non-thermal plasma seems to be the most convenient source of energetic electrons and chemically active species. In the electrical discharges the non-thermal plasma condition at atmospheric pressure can be obtained with fast gas flow through the discharge chamber volume, like in DC glow discharge or AC gliding arc discharge. The electrons temperature and its volumetric distribution is one of the fundamental parameters that should be study if we want to obtain the non-equilibrium low temperature plasma conditions in given geometry of the plasma reactor. These conditions depend on the kind of plasma gas and its velocity, geometry of the gliding arc reactor and on parameters of the power supply system. Paper presents a simplified mathematical model of the two -electrode gliding arc reactor to determine electron temperature and its distribution. Results of calculations are useful for selection of the power supply systems parameters and their design as to ensure the non-equilibrium state of gliding arc discharge plasma. Further calculations aim at three-and multielectrode reactors and three-dimension temperature distribution.
Analysis of Acoustic Signal in the MICRO Discharges Using Continuous Wavelet Transform
Authors: Nakamiya Toshiyuki , Sasahara Daiki , Ebihara Kenji , Ikegami Tomoaki , Tsuda Ryoichi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTo examine the tracking phenomenon that was one of the main causes of fire breaking, fundamental experiments were carried out. To one of the electrodes AC high voltage was applied. The following samples: the mesh plate, the flat ribbon cable and the ignition plug were prepared as the electrode. Current, voltage waveforms of micro discharge and the sound signal detected by the condenser microphone were stored in the Hi-coder memory. In this paper, Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) was applied to determine the acoustic sound of the micro discharge and to study its dominant frequency components. Additionally, the energy distribution of acoustic signal was examined by CWT, when the frequency of power supply increased from 10 kHz to 30 kHz.
Modification of Polymer Surfaces Using Atmospheric Pressure Barrier Discharges
Authors: Sťahel Pavel , Buršíková Vilma , Šíra Martin , Navrátil Zdeněk , Kloc Petr , Janča Jan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe objective of the present work is the development of a technique for the deposition of thin films, by means of an atmospheric pressure discharge, onto a pulp board surface, with the desired surface energy, permeability and wear resistant surface. The deposition of thin films was carried out by a surface barrier discharge at the atmospheric pressure. The films were deposited from mixtures of C
Modeling of the Photocatalytic Degradation Reactions of Aromatic Pollutants: A Solvent Effect Model
Authors: Kılıç Murat , San Nevim , Çınar Zekiye 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe photocatalytic degradation reaction of 1,3-dihydroxybenzene has been modeled theoretically. With the intention of predicting the primary intermediates and the product distribution, geometry optimizations of the reactants, the product radicals and transition state complexes have been performed with the semi-empirical PM3 method. The molecular orbital calculations have been carried out by an SCF method using RHF or UHF formalisms. Solvation effects have been computed by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-31G* level using COSMO as the solvation model. Based on the results of the quantum mechanical calculations, the rate constants of the four possible reaction paths have been calculated by means of Transition state Theory. Three predictors have been determined for the prediction of the most probable transition state and the reaction path. A branching ratio for each of the reaction paths has been calculated and the most probable intermediate has been determined. Finally, the results obtained have been compared to the experimental results in order to assess the reliability of the proposed model.