bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Russian Journal: John Steinbeck's Quixotic Quest to the Soviet Union
Authors: Jacobson Zachary Jonathan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In the years following the Second World War, a time when Joseph Stalin let few Americans into the Soviet Union, John Steinbeck was granted exceptional access to travel to the red empire. He fashioned a long, if part-time, journalistic career alongside his fiction writing and in 1947 convinced the New York Herald Tribune to sponsor a six-week trip. Steinbeck saw himself as a reporter determined to bring back news from beyond the Iron Curtain. He also suffered debilitating episodes of depression throughout his life, and in the months leading up to his departure Steinbeck hoped that his Soviet journey might offer him an opportunity to reconnect with a vitality once found at home. As the sociologist Peter Berger has argued, travel to the East could hold with it all the productive and redemptive possibilities of the quixotic quest. For the Oriental flight, as imagined for centuries by adventurers such as Steinbeck, depended on “a belief that there is another reality” far away from one's own.
Introduction of measurement techniques in ultrasonic electronics: Basic principles and recent trends
Authors: Mizutani Koichi , Wakatsuki Naoto , Ebihara Tadashi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Measurement — the act of measuring physical properties that we perform — has the potential to contribute to the successful advancement of sciences and society. To open doors in physics and other sciences, various measurement methods and related applications have been developed, and ultrasound has remained a useful probe, power source, and interesting measurement object for the past two centuries. In this paper, we first summarize the basic principles of ultrasound from the viewpoint of measurement techniques for readers who just have started studying or are interested in the field of ultrasonic electronics. Moreover, we also introduce recent studies — ultrasonic properties of materials, measurement techniques, piezoelectric devices, nonlinear acoustics, biomedical ultrasound, and ocean acoustics — and their trends related to measurement techniques in ultrasonic electronics to provide some ideas for related applications.
Study on spherical stator for multidegree-of-freedom ultrasonic motor
Authors: Nakajima Shuta , Kajiwara Hidekazu , Aoyagi Manabu , Tamura Hideki , Takano Takehiro 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
A multidegree-of-freedom ultrasonic motor (MDOF-USM) has excellent features such as high torque at a low speed and a self-holding force, compared with other types of MDOF motor. Therefore, the MDOF-USM has been considered for applications in robot joints, multidimensional systems, and spacecraft. In previous research, the MDOF-USM consisting of a spherical rotor and a stator vibrator of various shapes has been mainly studied. In contrast, the MDOF-USM consisting of a spherical stator and a rotor of various shapes is proposed in this paper. The excitation methods for vibration modes and mode rotation using piezoelectric plates and multilayered piezoelectric actuators were examined. Furthermore, a stator support method that does not significantly affect the vibration of the sphere was devised. From the results of experiments using the fabricated prototype stator, the generation of vibration mode and mode rotation were confirmed. Therefore, the possibility of the realization of the MDOF-USM using a spherical stator was indicated.
Measurement of temperature decrease caused by blood flow in focused ultrasound irradiation by thermal imaging method
Authors: Tsuchiya Takenobu , Hatano Yuichi , Mori Yashunori , Shen Rakushin , Endoh Nobuyuki 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this study, to estimate the local temperature changes caused by a thick blood vessel, the temperature distribution in a tissue phantom with a thick blood vessel during focused ultrasound irradiation was measured by a thermal imaging method. The blood flow rate in the simulated blood vessel was varied and the relationship between flow rate and temperature decrease was examined. The phantom using the thermal imaging method is divided into two parts, and the increases in temperature distribution as a function of blood flow rate are measured using a thermocamera under constant ultrasound irradiation. The irradiation conditions of ultrasound waves were a central frequency of 1 MHz, a wave number length of 200 cycles, and a duty ratio of 0.2. The irradiation duration was 5 min, and the ultrasound intensity I
SPTA was 36 W/cm2. The amount of temperature decrease caused by the cooling effect of blood flow increased with the blood flow rate and it became constant at a certain threshold of blood flow rate. The threshold of blood flow rate is about 250 ml/min.
Radiative properties of ceramic metal-halide high intensity discharge lamps containing additives in argon plasma
Authors: Cressault Yann , Teulet Philippe , Zissis Georges 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The lighting represents a consumption of about 19% of the world electricity production. We are thus searching new effective and environment-friendlier light sources. The ceramic metal-halide high intensity lamps (C-MHL) are one of the options for illuminating very high area. The new C-MHL lamps contain additives species that reduce mercury inside and lead to a richer spectrum in specific spectral intervals, a better colour temperature or colour rendering index. This work is particularly focused on the power radiated by these lamps, estimated using the net emission coefficient, and depending on several additives (calcium, sodium, tungsten, dysprosium, and thallium or strontium iodides). The results show the strong influence of the additives on the power radiated despite of their small quantity in the mixtures and the increase of visible radiation portion in presence of dysprosium.
Characteristics of surface sterilization using electron cyclotron resonance plasma
Authors: Yonesu Akira , Hara Kazufumi , Nishikawa Tatsuya , Hayashi Nobuya 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The characteristics of surface sterilization using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma were investigated. High-energy electrons and oxygen radicals were observed in the ECR zone using electric probe and optical emission spectroscopic methods. A biological indicator (BI), Geobacillus stearothermophilus, containing 1 × 106 spores was sterilized in 120 s by exposure to oxygen discharges while maintaining a temperature of approximately 55 °C at the BI installation position. Oxygen radicals and high-energy electrons were found to be the sterilizing species in the ECR region. It was demonstrated that the ECR plasma could be produced in narrow tubes with an inner diameter of 5 mm. Moreover, sterilization tests confirmed that the spores present inside the narrow tube were successfully inactivated by ECR plasma irradiation.
Improvement of efficiency and viability in plasma gene transfection by plasma minimization and optimization electrode configuration
Authors: Jinno Masafumi , Tachibana Kunihide , Motomura Hideki , Saeki Noboru , Satoh Susumu 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Plasma gene transfection is expected as a safe and useful method of gene transfection. However, in this method, there is difficulty in keeping both high transfection efficiency and less cell damage simultaneously. The authors have evaluated transfection efficiency and cell viability using four different plasma sources, such as arc discharge, plasma jet, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), and microplasma. A high transfection efficiency was achieved by discharge forms in which the electric current flows via the cells. This suggested that an electric current plays an important role in plasma gene transfection. The total volume of gas flow must be small or zero and the area in which the cells are directly irradiated by plasma must be small in order to achieve a higher cell viability. The microplasma that satisfies these conditions achieved both the highest transfection efficiency and the highest cell viability simultaneously.
Differential Diagnosis of Suspected Multiple Sclerosis in Pediatric and Late-Onset Populations
Authors: Hua Le H. , Solomon Andrew J. , Tenembaum Silvia , Scalfari Antonio , Rovira Àlex , Rostasy Kevin , Newsome Scott D. , Marrie Ruth Ann , Magyari Melinda , Kantarci Orhun , Hemmer Bernhard , Hemingway Cheryl , Harnegie Mary Pat , Graves Jennifer S. , Cohen Jeffrey A. , Bove Riley , Banwell Brenda , Corboy John R. , Waubant Emmanuelle 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceWhile the typical onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs in early adulthood, 2% to 10% of cases initially present prior to age 18 years, and approximately 5% after age 50 years. Guidance on approaches to differential diagnosis in suspected MS specific to these 2 age groups is needed.ObservationsThere are unique biological factors in children younger than 18 years and in adults older than age 50 years compared to typical adult-onset MS. These biological differences, particularly immunological and hormonal, may influence the clinical presentation of MS, resilience to neuronal injury, and differential diagnosis. While mimics of MS at the typical age at onset have been described, a comprehensive approach focused on the younger and older ends of the age spectrum has not been previously published.Conclusions and RelevanceAn international committee of MS experts in pediatric and adult MS was formed to provide consensus guidance on diagnostic approaches and key clinical and paraclinical red flags for non-MS diagnosis in children and older adults.
Lipoxygenase Dynamics and Catalysis Studied by Temperature‐Dependent Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange
Authors: Offenbacher Adam R. , Guy Samuel W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An active pursuit in biochemistry is the understanding of how the structure and dynamics of protein systems regulate their biological function. In this chapter, we describe temperature‐dependent hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass‐spectrometry (TDHDX‐MS) as a tool used to investigate the structure and dynamics of metalloenzymes in solution. While the method is applicable to many metalloproteins, this review will present TDHDX‐MS studies centered on the widely represented family of mononuclear, non‐heme iron containing lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes that oxidize fatty acids to initiate biological reactions and activate cellular signaling. We will present how TDHDX has been used to describe the anisotropic nature of energy transfer in LOXs to initiate the rate‐limiting hydrogen atom transfer reaction that proceeds through a tunneling process. Further, TDHDX‐MS has been used detect protein motions and conformations in LOXs related to molecular recognition, protein allostery, and polymorphisms linked to disease.
Advancing SARS‐CoV‐2 Variant Detection with High Affinity Monoclonal Antibodies and Plasmonic Nanostructure
Authors: Ryu Jea Sung , Lee Soo Hyun , Kim Hyeran , Kang Hyunju , Li Pei , Lee Joo Hoon , Jang Hyowon , Kim Sunjoo , Kwon Hyung‐Jun , Jung Ho Sang , Jung Yongwon , Lim Eun‐Kyung , Jung Juyeon , Park Sung‐Gyu , Kang Taejoon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA nanoplasmonic biosensor for the precise detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) by leveraging advances in nanostructured sensing materials and highly selective monoclonal antibodies is presented. The sensor integrates plasmonic Au nanostructures optimized for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), enhancing sensitivity through unique light interactions at the nanoscale. Coupled with exclusive antibodies that specifically target SARS‐CoV‐2 and its evolving variants, this sensor demonstrates remarkable selectivity and versatility. Validated with 270 clinical samples, it demonstrates a sensitivity of 98.9% and specificity of 100%. More importantly, the virus in nasopharyngeal swab samples collected over 3 years, marking the long‐term, large‐scale clinical validation of the nanoplasmonic biosensor for SARS‐CoV‐2 is been successfully detected. Furthermore, the integration of this sensor with face masks enables the detection of airborne SARS‐CoV‐2, highlighting its potential for routine management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19).
Inhalation of Bioorthogonal Gene‐Editable Spiky‐Pollen Reprograms Tumor‐Associated Macrophages for Lung Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Lu Qianglan , Chen Ruiyue , Zeng Fei , Liu Zhiyong , Pan Yongchun , Gao Yanfeng , He Bangshun , Song Yujun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs a major component of tumor infiltration, tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) primarily promote the M2 phenotype of tumors in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, the overexpression of anti‐phagocytic molecules in TAMs facilitates tumor cell evasion of TAMs’ phagocytic arrest. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a reliable strategy to reprogram TAMs for more effective anti‐tumor outcomes. In this study, innovative inhalable bioorthogonal gene‐editable microparticles (SPR) have been engineered that reprogram TAMs for lung cancer therapy based on spike‐covered sunflower sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs). These microparticles utilize SECs as delivery vehicles, with reduced palladium (Pd) nanoparticles on their surface carrying CRISPR/Cas9 lipid nanoparticles (LNP‐RNPs) that specifically knock down the anti‐phagocytic SIRPα gene on TAMs. The SPR microparticles employ a tripartite strategy to reprogram the TAMs: the physical stimulation through pollen spikes, the production of a Toll‐like receptor 7 agonist (imiquimod, IMD) via Pd‐mediated bioorthogonal catalysis, and the employment of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. In an orthotopic mouse model, the inhalation of SPR microparticles not only reprograms macrophages efficiently but also bolsters their tumor‐fighting abilities. Notably, the cured mice show no signs of recurrence even upon re‐exposure to the tumor, indicating a long‐lasting anti‐tumor effect.
Nanoparticle Decorated Cellulose Nanocrystals (CNC) Composites for Energy, Catalysis, and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Raghuwanshi Vikram Singh , Garnier Gil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDecorating cellulose nanocrystals(CNC) with nanoparticles(NPs) allows to engineer novel CNC/NPs composites for advanced technologies and applications. NPs are well‐known for their unique and highly efficient properties. However, NPs present challenges and limitations due to their aggregation, non‐uniform growth, size distribution, and nanotoxicity. CNC surface overcomes most of these drawbacks by providing an attractive matrix/template to grow NPs of desirable morphology, distribution, and functionality. CNC has distinctive properties such as biodegradability, high surface area, low cost, good mechanical strength, surface functionality, and chiral nematic self‐assembly. CNC/NPs composites combine the unique properties of both CNC and NPs. This review highlights the unique characteristics of CNC, NPs, and their composites for energy, catalysis, and biomedical applications. First, different production methods for CNC with their effect on morphology, crystallinity index, and yield are presented. Both organic and inorganic NPs are used to decorate either a pristine or a functionalized CNC surface. In situ nucleation and growth methods are compared with the direct incorporation of pre‐formed NPs on the CNC surface. Applications of CNC/NPs composites are reviewed for energy storage material, conductive materials, catalysts, antibacterial agents, biosensors, and bioimaging. Finally, the current challenges and perspectives are presented for unleashing new possibilities in developing functional CNC‐NPs composites.
A Multifunctional Anisotropic Patch Manufactured by Microfluidic Manipulation for the Repair of Infarcted Myocardium
Authors: Jia Xiaomeng , Liu Weiyu , Ai Yongjian , Cheung Suet , Hu Wanting , Wang Yu , Shi Xiaolu , Zhou Jin , Zhang Zhuang , Liang Qionglin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEngineered hydrogel patches have shown promising therapeutic effects in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI), especially anisotropic patches that mimic the characteristics of native myocardium have attracted widespread attention. However, it remains a great challenge to develop cardiac patches with long‐range and orderly electrical conduction based on an effective, mild, and rapid strategy. Here, a multifunctional anisotropic cardiac patch is presented based on microfluidic manipulation. The anisotropic alginate‐gelatin methacrylate hydrogel patches are easily and rapidly prepared through microfluidic focusing, ion‐photocrosslinking, and parallel packing processes. The fluid‐based anisotropic realization process does not involve complex machining and strong field stimulation and is compatible with the loading of macromolecular biological agents. The anisotropic hydrogel patch can mimic the anisotropy of the myocardium and guide the directional polarization of cardiomyocytes. In animal model experiments, it also exhibits significant effects in inhibiting ventricular remodeling, fibrosis, and enhancing cardiac function recovery after MI. These comprehensive features make the multifunctional hydrogel patch a promising candidate for cardiac tissue repair and future provide a new paradigm for expanding microfluidic technology to solve tissue engineering challenges.
High Sensitivity X‐Ray Detectors with Low Degradation Based on Deuterated Halide Perovskite Single Crystals
Authors: Liu Lishan , Xu Mingxia , Xu Xinguang , Tao Xutang , Gao Zeliang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMethylammonium lead single crystal (MAPbI3 SC) possesses superior optoelectronic properties and low manufacturing cost, making it an ideal candidate for X‐ray detection. However, the ionic migration of the perovskites usually leads to instability, dark current drift, and hysteresis of the detector, limiting their applications in well‐established technologies. Here, a series of X‐ray detectors of MAPbI3 SCs are reported with different degrees of deuteration (DxMAPbI3, x = 0, 0.15, 0.75, 0.99). By controlling the content of deuterium (D) in organic cations, the sensitivity, detection limits, ion migration, and resistivity of the detector can be controlled, thereby improving its performance. Due to stronger hydrogen bonds (N─D···I), the ion activation energy significantly increases to 886 meV. Consequently, the D0.99MAPbI3 SC detector shows more than five‐fold enhancement, achieving a record‐high mobility–lifetime (µτ) product of 5.39 × 10−2 cm2 V−1, with an ultrahigh sensitivity of 2.18 × 106 µC Gy−1 cm−2 under 120 keV hard X‐ray and a low detection limit of 4.8 nGyair s−1, as well as long‐term stability. The study provides a straightforward strategy for constructing ultrasensitive X‐ray detection and imaging systems based on perovskite SCs.
Quantitative in Vivo Molecular MRI
Authors: Ning Yingying , Zhou Iris Yuwen , Caravan Peter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMolecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combines chemistry, chemical biology, and imaging techniques to track molecular events non‐invasively. Quantitative molecular MRI aims to provide meaningful, reproducible numerical measurements of molecular processes or biochemical targets within the body. In this review, the classifications of molecular MRI probes based on their signal‐generating mechanism and functionality are first described. From there, the primary considerations for in vitro characterization and in vivo validation of molecular MRI probes, including how to avoid pitfalls and biases are discussed. Then, recommendations on imaging acquisition protocols and analysis methods to establish quantitative relationships between MRI signal change induced by the probes and the molecular processes of interest are provided. Finally, several representative case studies are highlighted that incorporate these features. Quantitative molecular MRI is a multidisciplinary research area incorporating expertise in chemical biology, inorganic chemistry, molecular probes, imaging physics, drug development, pathobiology, and medicine. The purpose of this review is to provide guidance to chemists developing MR imaging probes and methods in terms of in vitro and in vivo validation to accelerate the translation of these new quantitative tools for non‐invasive imaging of biological processes.
Spontaneously Formed Ratio‐Tunable Micro‐ and Nano‐Capsule Coexist System for Precision and on‐Demand Fungicide Delivery in Crop Leave
Authors: Wang Rui , Luan Feng‐xin , Wang Zi‐shu , Liu Xiao‐chi , Zhang Xiu‐guo , Wang Kai , Mu Wei , Liu Feng , Zhang Da‐xia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMultiscale particle size functional pesticide carriers can provide more efficient protection for plants, but this protection is difficult to achieve via single‐scale formulation technology. This study presents a novel one‐step method for the preparation of lignin‐based micro/nanocapsules with controllable proportions within a unified system. This strategy enables the adjustment of the proportion of nanocapsules to between 18.81% and 85.21%. The microcapsules (MCs) vary in diameter from 2 to 3 µm, whereas the nanocapsules (NCs) span from 160 to 220 nm, with an encapsulation efficiency exceeding 90%. An increased proportion of NCs in the system leads to faster release, heightened sensitivity to UV light, and enhanced penetration into the leaves. During Phytophthora capsici (P. capsici) infection, the NCs in the leaves interact with the defensive enzymes of the plant to quickly respond. Moreover, an optimal balance of MCs and NCs is key to effective fungicide use, not just a higher concentration of NCs. A 65:35 ratio of NCs to MCs ensures effective inhibition of P. capsici outside leaves and a rapid response to leaf invasion. This study enhances fungicide efficiency and advances the development of nanoresponsive fungicides to promote sustainable agricultural practices.
A “Two‐Pronged” Strategy to Boost Hydrogen Evolution Kinetics on NiFe‐Based (Oxy)hydroxides via Oxygen Deficient Ni‐Mo‐Fe Coordinate Structures for Ultra‐Stable Ampere‐Level Alkaline Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Xiao Liyang , Cheng Chuanqi , Yang Tiantian , Zhang Jingtong , Han Yujun , Han Chunyan , Lv Wenxuan , Tan Haiwen , Zhao Xueru , Yin Pengfei , Dong Cunku , Liu Hui , Du Xiwen , Yang Jing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNiFe (oxy)hydroxides have been regarded as one of the state‐of‐the‐art catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Unfortunately, the sluggish hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) kinetics limit its application as bifunctional electrocatalyst for alkaline overall water splitting (OWS). Herein, a “two‐pronged” strategy is proposed to construct highly active oxygen deficient Ni‐Mo‐Fe coordinate structures in NiFe (oxy)hydroxide (NFM‐OVR/NF), which simultaneously reduces the energy barrier of Volmer and Heyrovsky steps during alkaline HER process and significantly accelerate the reaction kinetics. Consequently, NFM‐OVR/NF delivers overpotentials as low as 25 and 234 mV to achieve 10 and 1000 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH, respectively. Furthermore, benefiting from excellent HER and OER activity, NFM‐OVR/NF exhibits a remarkable OWS activity with cell voltages of 1.44 V and 1.77 V at 10 and 1000 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH, and displays ultralong‐term stability for 600 h at 500 mA cm−2, while remaining durable for 300 h in an alkaline water electrolyzer in 30% KOH at 80 °C. The calculated price per gallon of gasoline equivalent for the produced H2 is $ 0.92, which is much lower than 2026 U.S. Department of Energy target ($ 2.00), demonstrating feasibility and practicability of NFM‐OVR/NF for industrial applications.