bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Pseudosubarachnoid Sign
Authors: Kim Jung-Min , Eom Tae-Hoon 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Several radiographic mimics of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have been reported. The pseudosubarachnoid sign may be seen in patients with marked hypoxic–ischemic injury. Our case was a 12-year-old boy with a known history of autism spectrum disorder. He was submersed in water for 20 minutes, after diving into a river, and brought to our emergency department where resuscitation was performed. He achieved a return of spontaneous circulation 45 minutes after the accident but was in a coma. Brain computed tomography showed severe brain edema and loss of sulci with increased attenuation of the basal cisterns that was compatible with SAH, but was later revealed as the pseudosubarachnoid sign. In this case, the misdiagnosis of SAH had several clinical implications for the management of the patient. This could have clinical implications if a patient with the Glasgow Coma Score greater than 3 were inappropriately treated for SAH. Furthermore, there are possible medical–legal implications regarding child abuse with SAH misdiagnosis.
search.bioPreprint: a discovery tool for cutting edge, preprint biomedical research articles
Authors: Iwema Carrie L. , LaDue John , Zack Angela , Chattopadhyay Ansuman 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe time it takes for a completed manuscript to be published traditionally can be extremely lengthy. Article publication delay, which occurs in part due to constraints associated with peer review, can prevent the timely dissemination of critical and actionable data associated with new information on rare diseases or developing health concerns such as Zika virus. Preprint servers are open access online repositories housing preprint research articles that enable authors (1) to make their research immediately and freely available and (2) to receive commentary and peer review prior to journal submission. There is a growing movement of preprint advocates aiming to change the current journal publication and peer review system, proposing that preprints catalyze biomedical discovery, support career advancement, and improve scientific communication. While the number of articles submitted to and hosted by preprint servers are gradually increasing, there has been no simple way to identify biomedical research published in a preprint format, as they are not typically indexed and are only discoverable by directly searching the specific preprint server websites. To address this issue, we created a search engine that quickly compiles preprints from disparate host repositories and provides a one-stop search solution. Additionally, we developed a web application that bolsters the discovery of preprints by enabling each and every word or phrase appearing on any website to be integrated with articles from preprint servers. The bioPreprint search engine is publicly available athttp://www.hsls.pitt.edu/resources/preprint.
Going down the rabbit hole: a review on methods characterizing selection and demography in natural populations
Authors: Bourgeois Yann , Hazzouri Khaled Michel , Warren Ben 
Published: May 2016

1.	Characterizing species history and identifying loci underlying local adaptation is crucial in functional ecology, evolutionary biology, conservation and agronomy. The ongoing and constant improvement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) techniques has facilitated the production of an ever-increasing number of genetic markers across genomes of non-model species.
2.	The study of variation in these markers across natural populations has deepened the understanding of how population history and selection act on genomes. Population genomics now provides tools to better integrate selection into a historical framework, and take into account selection when reconstructing demographic history. However, this improvement has come with a burst of analytical tools that can confuse users.
3.	Such confusion can limit the amount of information effectively retrieved from complex genomic datasets. In addition, the lack of a unified analytical pipeline impairs the diffusion of the most recent analytical tools into fields like conservation biology.
4.	To address this need, we describe possible analytical protocols and link these with more than 70 methods dealing with genome-scale datasets. We summarise the strategies they use to infer demographic history and selection, and discuss some of their limitations. A website listing these methods is available at www.methodspopgen.com.
Refining the role ofde novoprotein truncating variants in neurodevelopmental disorders using population reference samples
Authors: Kosmicki Jack A. , Samocha Kaitlin E. , Howrigan Daniel P. , Sanders Stephan J. , Slowikowski Kamil , Lek Monkol , Karczewski Konrad J. , Cutler David J. , Devlin Bernie , Roeder Kathryn , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Neale Benjamin M. , MacArthur Daniel G. , Wall Dennis P. , Robinson Elise B. , Daly Mark J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRecent research has uncovered an important role forde novovariation in neurodevelopmental disorders. Using aggregated data from 9246 families with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, or developmental delay, we show ~1/3 ofde novovariants are independently observed as standing variation in the Exome Aggregation Consortium’s cohort of 60,706 adults, and thesede novovariants do not contribute to neurodevelopmental risk. We further use a loss-of-function (LoF)-intolerance metric, pLI, to identify a subset of LoF-intolerant genes that contain the observed signal of associatedde novoprotein truncating variants (PTVs) in neurodevelopmental disorders. LoF-intolerant genes also carry a modest excess of inherited PTVs; though the strongestde novoimpacted genes contribute little to this, suggesting the excess of inherited risk resides lower-penetrant genes. These findings illustrate the importance of population-based reference cohorts for the interpretation of candidate pathogenic variants, even for analyses of complex diseases andde novovariation.
Synaptonemal complex components are required for meiotic checkpoint function inC. elegans
Authors: Bohr Tisha , Ashley Guinevere , Eggleston Evan , Firestone Kyra , Bhalla Needhi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSynapsis involves the assembly of a proteinaceous structure, the synaptonemal complex (SC), between paired homologous chromosomes and is essential for proper meiotic chromosome segregation. InC. elegans, the synapsis checkpoint selectively removes nuclei with unsynapsed chromosomes by inducing apoptosis. This checkpoint depends on Pairing Centers (PCs),cis-acting sites that promote pairing and synapsis. We have hypothesized that the stability of homolog pairing at PCs is monitored by this checkpoint. Here, we report that SC components SYP-3, HTP-3, HIM-3 and HTP-1 are required for a functional synapsis checkpoint. Mutation of these components does not abolish PC function, demonstrating they are bonafide checkpoint components. Further, we identify mutant backgrounds in which the instability of homolog pairing at PCs does not correlate with the synapsis checkpoint response. Altogether, these data suggest that, in addition to homolog pairing, SC assembly may be monitored by the synapsis checkpoint.
Soft selective sweeps in evolutionary rescue
Authors: Wilson Benjamin A. , Pennings Pleuni S. , Petrov Dmitri A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEvolutionary rescue occurs when a population that is declining in size because of an environmental change is rescued by genetic adaptation. Evolutionary rescue is an important phenomenon at the intersection of ecology and population genetics. While most population genetic models of evolutionary rescue focus on estimating the probability of rescue, we focus on whether one or more adaptive lineages contribute to evolutionary rescue. We find that when evolutionary rescue is likely, it is often driven by soft selective sweeps where multiple adaptive mutations spread through the population simultaneously. We give full analytic results for the probability of evolutionary rescue and the probability that evolutionary rescue occurs via soft selective sweeps in our model. We expect that these results will find utility in understanding the genetic signatures associated with various evolutionary rescue scenarios in large populations, such as the evolution of drug resistance in viral, bacterial, or eukaryotic pathogens.
Antibiotic Stress Selects against Cooperation in a Pathogenic Bacterium
Authors: Vasse Marie , Noble Robert , Akhmetzhanov Andrei R. , Torres-Barceló Clara , Gurney James , Benateau Simon , Gougat-Barbera Claire , Kaltz Oliver , Hochberg Michael E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEcological antagonisms such as predation, parasitism, competition, and abiotic environmental stress play key roles in shaping population biology, in particular by inducing stress responses and selecting for tolerant or resistant phenotypes. Little is known, however, about their impact on social traits, such as the production of public goods. Evolutionary trade-off theory predicts that adaptation to stresses should lessen investments in costly helping behaviours when cooperation does not increase resistance or tolerance, but support for this prediction is scarce. We employed theory and experiments to investigate how ecological antagonism influences social dynamics and resistance evolution in the pathogenic bacteriumPseudomonas aeruginosa. We subjected two clones of bacterium to four doses of antibiotics and assessed growth and frequencies of public goods producing and non-producing genotypes. Our results show that abiotic stress selects against public goods production. Specifically, we found that non-producers of costly iron chelating molecules (siderophores) most rapidly increased in frequency under intermediate antibiotic pressure. Moreover, the dominance of non-producers in mixed cultures was associated with higher survival and resistance to antibiotics than in either producer or non-producer monocultures. Mathematical modelling explains this counterintuitive result, and shows how these qualitative patterns are predicted to generalise to many other systems. Our results shed light on the complex interactions between social traits and ecological antagonisms, and in particular the consequences for bacterial social evolution and antibiotic resistance.
Ecogenomics and biogeochemical impacts of uncultivated globally abundant ocean viruses
Authors: Roux Simon , Brum Jennifer R. , Dutilh Bas E. , Sunagawa Shinichi , Duhaime Melissa B. , Loy Alexander , Poulos Bonnie T. , Solonenko Natalie , Lara Elena , Poulain Julie , Pesant Stéphane , Kandels-Lewis Stefanie , Dimier Céline , Picheral Marc , Searson Sarah , Cruaud Corinne , Alberti Adriana , Duarte Carlos M. , Gasol Josep M. , Vaqué Dolors ,   Tara Oceans Coordinators, Bork Peer , Acinas Silvia G. , Wincker Patrick , Sullivan Matthew B. , Acinas Silvia G. , Bork Peer , Boss Emmanuel , Bowler Chris , Vargas Colomban de , Follows Michael , Gorsky Gabriel , Grimsley Nigel , Hingamp Pascal , Iudicone Daniele , Jaillon Olivier , Kandels-Lewis Stefanie , Karp-Boss Lee , Karsenti Eric , Krzic Uros , Not Fabrice , Ogata Hiroyuki , Pesant Stephane , Raes Jeroen , Reynaud Emmanuel G. , Sardet Christian , Sieracki Mike , Speich Sabrina , Stemmann Lars , Sullivan Matthew B. , Sunagawa Shinichi , Velayoudon Didier , Wincker Patrick 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOcean microbes drive global-scale biogeochemical cycling1, but do so under constraints imposed by viruses on host community composition, metabolism, and evolutionary trajectories2–5. Due to sampling and cultivation challenges, genome-level viral diversity remains poorly described and grossly understudied in nature such that <1% of observed surface ocean viruses, even those that are abundant and ubiquitous, are ‘known’5. Here we analyze a global map of abundant, double stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses and viral-encoded auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) with genomic and ecological contexts through the Global Ocean Viromes (GOV) dataset, which includes complete genomes and large genomic fragments from both surface and deep ocean viruses sampled during theTaraOceans andMalaspinaresearch expeditions6,7. A total of 15,222 epi- and mesopelagic viral populations were identified that comprised 867 viral clusters (VCs, approximately genus-level groups8,9). This roughly triples known ocean viral populations10, doubles known candidate bacterial and archaeal virus genera9, and near-completely samples epipelagic communities at both the population and VC level. Thirty-eight of the 867 VCs were identified as the most impactful dsDNA viral groups in the oceans, as these were locally or globally abundant and accounted together for nearly half of the viral populations in any GOV sample. Most of these were predictedin silicoto infect dominant, ecologically relevant microbes, while two thirds of them represent newly described viruses that lacked any cultivated representative. Beyond these taxon-specific ecological observations, we identified 243 viral-encoded AMGs in GOV, only 95 of which were known. Deeper analyses of 4 of these AMGs revealed that abundant viruses directly manipulate sulfur and nitrogen cycling, and do so throughout the epipelagic ocean. Together these data provide a critically-needed organismal catalog and functional context to begin meaningfully integrating viruses into ecosystem models as key players in nutrient cycling and trophic networks.
Volatility transmission in African foreign exchange markets
Authors: Carsamer Emmanuel 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The concept of volatility transmission and co-movement has witnessed a resurgence in the international finance literature in recent years after the black swan events which gave evidence of financial market linkages. The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamic sources of volatility transmission in the foreign exchange market in recent financial market integration in Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
– A conceptual framework was adapted from the extant literature and was used as the basis of modeling exchange rate volatility transmission. This paper adopts a quantitative research approach and opts for augmented DCC model to empirically unearth the sources of exchange rate volatility transmission.

Findings
– The key findings of the study are that, the African market is more prone to shock from outside than in the region. Macroeconomic news surprises influence volatility transmission and co-movements. Robust support is found for trade balance, interest rate and gross domestic product. These findings clearly demonstrate the low level of financial development and challenges that sometimes exist in exchange rate-policy implementation by policy makers.

Research limitations/implications
– Interested academics and practitioners working in the area might incorporate bilateral investment into the model of exchange rate correlation in future research.

Originality/value
– Unilaterally considering exchange rate volatility transmission and subsequent augmentation of the DCC model, this study makes a modest contribution to the examination of exchange rate correlations in Africa. This study makes an important contribution in not only addressing this imbalance, but more importantly improving the relative literature on exchange rate volatility transmission.
New empirics of monetary policy dynamics: evidence from the CFA franc zones
Authors: Asongu Simplice 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– A major lesson of the European Monetary Union crisis is that serious disequilibria in a monetary union result from arrangements not designed to be robust to a variety of shocks. With the specter of this crisis looming substantially and scarring existing monetary zones, the purpose of this paper is to complement existing literature by analyzing the effects of monetary policy on economic activity (output and prices) in the CEMAC and UEMOA CFA franc zones.Design/methodology/approach– VARs within the frameworks of Vector Error-Correction Models and Granger causality models are used to estimate the long- and short-run effects, respectively. Impulse response functions are further used to assess the tendencies of significant Granger causality findings. A battery of robustness checks are also employed to ensure consistency in the specifications and results.Findings–H1. monetary policy variables affect prices in the long-run but not in the short-run in the CFA zones (broadly untrue). This invalidity is more pronounced in CEMAC (relative to all monetary policy variables) than in UEMOA (with regard to financial dynamics of activity and size).H2. monetary policy variables influence output in the short-term but not in the long-run in the CFA zones. First, the absence of cointegration among real output and the monetary policy variables in both zones confirm the neutrality of money in the long term. With the exception of overall money supply, the significant effect of money on output in the short-run is more relevant in the UEMOA zone, than in the CEMAC zone in which only financial system efficiency and financial activity are significant.Practical implications– First, compared to the CEMAC region, the UEMOA zone’s monetary authority has more policy instruments for offsetting output shocks but fewer instruments for the management of short-run inflation. Second, the CEMAC region is more inclined to non-traditional policy regimes while the UEMOA zone dances more to the tune of traditional discretionary monetary policy arrangements. A wide range of policy implications are discussed. Inter alia: implications for the long-run neutrality of money and business cycles; implications for credit expansions and inflationary tendencies; implications of the findings to the ongoing debate; country-specific implications and measures of fighting surplus liquidity.Originality/value– The paper’s originality is reflected by the use of monetary policy variables, notably money supply, bank and financial credits, which have not been previously used, to investigate their impact on the outputs of economic activities, namely, real GDP output and inflation, in developing country monetary unions.
Political risk and sovereign spreads in Latin America
Authors: Hansen Erwin , Zegarra Jennifer 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between six different dimensions of political risk in a country and its spread for a sample of 12 Latin American countries.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology applied consists of panel estimators with fixed effects. In addition, a panel data model with instrumental variables is considered to tackle with potential problems of endogeneity in the model.

Findings
The results show there is a strong positive relationship between political risk and sovereign spread in Latin America, i.e., greater political risk is associated with greater sovereign spread. This effect is particularly significant when the political risk is associated with a weak rule of law or low-quality regulation in the country.

Research limitations/implications
The main limitation of this study concerns the potential risks of endogeneity which might exist between sovereign risk and political risk measures, which may not have been completely eliminated with the econometric methodology used.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the literature of sovereign risk by studying the dimension of political risk in detail. Specifically, six dimensions of political risk are studied. Additionally, it provides empirical evidence, including the 2008 financial crisis period, regarding the determinants of spreads on Latin American economies.
Copreneurial women in start-ups
Authors: Kuschel Katherina , Lepeley María-Teresa 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
Latin American investors are commonly suspicious of investing in copreneurial ventures (a male and female couple, integrated as a working team) and show even higher levels of uncertainty when the start-ups are led by a female founder. The purpose of this paper is to address issues related to women as leaders in copreneurial tech ventures and analyses whether these ventures are growth-oriented or conform to limited partnerships aimed primarily to meet their living standards.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative, inductive and constructive approach was required for addressing the research question. Three copreneurial women and two divorced copreneurs were interviewed. A grounded theory approach was used to analyze data and emerging themes.

Findings
Copreneurial teams that work in the technology industry have similar and complementary levels of education and skills development. After three years working together, each partner becomes well aware of mutual skills and strengths. This allows them to define their respective roles. Both divide work and family, and have developed a level of mutual trust and commitment that is essential to move forward. Commonly they show workaholic tendencies with a high rational underpinning. All of these factors strengthen collaboration and in many instances this business liaison can remain intact despite a breakdown in the partners’ sentimental relationship. Additional findings show that their growth orientation takes multiple structures.

Practical implications
This study provides information that can help investors make decisions to support copreneurial teams that optimize from the use of diverse talents of female and male partners.

Originality/value
Although representing an increasingly common type of start-up team, copreneurship in technology has not yet capture much attention of scholars as case study in family business research.
Exploring the issue of naming rights of public sports facilities in Greece
Authors: Anestos Kostas , Gargalianos Dimitris , Thamnopoulos Yannis 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The aim of this study was to conduct a primary examination of people’s perceptions toward the concept of selling of naming rights for publicly owned sports facilities in Greece to explore the possibilities for this sponsorship practice to be introduced in the future.

Design/methodology/approach
In all, 410 research participants filled out a questionnaire that focused on the level of acceptance, in relation to variations of agreements, and considering decision outcomes scenarios, as also on other naming rights parameters, such as sponsors’ fit features. A modification of methods used in previous research in the context of consumers’ price perceptions in sport was adopted to investigate the potential effects from the provision of decision outcomes messages.

Findings
The research findings indicated that, in terms of acceptance from the public, there might be grounds to implement this type of sponsorship. It is suggested that an optimal way of introducing the concept should be with marketing campaigns outlining the main purpose and the prospective benefits.

Research limitations/implications
Possibly, the participants perceived the prospect and scenarios provided as not very likely to happen and this might influence their responses. Future research should investigate the effects of other factors, such as attitudes toward commercialization, stadium identification and perceived financial status.

Originality/value
The study provides a basis for the consideration of naming rights as a sponsorship option for public sports facilities in Greece, and also offers a new perspective in the use of treatment messages as a tool for altering potential negative perceptions.