bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of fiber optic endoscopy for removal of upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies
Authors: Jayaweera J. M. R. G , Weerasinghe W. A. S. , Jinasena P. M. D. , Ranasinghe A. L. , Weerasooriya G. H. N. R. 
Published: November 2015

Impacted foreign bodies (FB) in the upper gastrointestinal tract is a commonly encountered clinical presentation in ENT practice. They include fish bones, coins and food bolus. Currently the commonest way to remove the foreign bodies is with rigid oesophagoscope under general anesthesia. Less expensive, safer fiber-optic endoscope has been used to remove the foreign objects from the upper gastrointestinal tract during last few decades. Whether to use either rigid or fiber optic endoscopy for foreign body removal is still a controversial topic. We were able to demonstrate with evidence that fibro-optic endoscopy could be used as a first line approach in majority of the carefully selected patients, with a high success rate. Ceylon Journal of Otolaryngology Vol.4(1) 2015 pp. 17-19
Cutting Edge: DNA in the Lung Microenvironment during Influenza Virus Infection Tempers Inflammation by Engaging the DNA Sensor AIM2
Authors: Schattgen Stefan A. , Gao Guangping , Kurt-Jones Evelyn A. , Fitzgerald Katherine A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Innate sensing of nucleic acids lies at the heart of antiviral immunity. During viral infection, dying cells may also release nucleic acids into the tissue microenvironment. It is unknown what effect such host signals have on the quality or duration of the immune response to viruses. In this study, we uncovered an immune-regulatory pathway that tempers the intensity of the host response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection. We found that host-derived DNA accumulates in the lung microenvironment during IAV infection. Ablation of DNA in the lung resulted in increased mortality, increased cellular recruitment, and increased inflammation following IAV challenge. The released DNA, in turn, was sensed by the DNA receptor absent in melanoma 2. Aim2−/− mice showed similarly exaggerated immune responses to IAV. Taken together, our results identify a novel mechanism of cross-talk between pathogen- and damage-associated molecular pattern–sensing pathways, wherein sensing of host-derived DNA limits immune-mediated damage to infected tissues.
Cutting Edge: IL-36 Receptor Promotes Resolution of Intestinal Damage
Authors: Medina-Contreras Oscar , Harusato Akihito , Nishio Hikaru , Flannigan Kyle L. , Ngo Vu , Leoni Giovanna , Neumann Philipp-Alexander , Geem Duke , Lili Loukia N. , Ramadas Ravisankar A. , Chassaing Benoit , Gewirtz Andrew T. , Kohlmeier Jacob E. , Parkos Charles A. , Towne Jennifer E. , Nusrat Asma , Denning Timothy L. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
IL-1 family members are central mediators of host defense. In this article, we show that the novel IL-1 family member IL-36γ was expressed during experimental colitis and human inflammatory bowel disease. Germ-free mice failed to induce IL-36γ in response to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced damage, suggesting that gut microbiota are involved in its induction. Surprisingly, IL-36R–deficient (Il1rl2−/−) mice exhibited defective recovery following DSS-induced damage and impaired closure of colonic mucosal biopsy wounds, which coincided with impaired neutrophil accumulation in the wound bed. Failure of Il1rl2−/− mice to recover from DSS-induced damage was associated with a profound reduction in IL-22 expression, particularly by colonic neutrophils. Defective recovery of Il1rl2−/− mice could be rescued by an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist, which was sufficient to restore IL-22 expression and promote full recovery from DSS-induced damage. These findings implicate the IL-36/IL-36R axis in the resolution of intestinal mucosal wounds.
Modeling the Non Linear Behavior of a Magnetic Fault Current Limiter
Authors: Wilson P. R. 
Published: November 2015

Fault Current Limiters are used in a wide array of applications from small circuit protection at low power levels to large scale high power applications which require superconductors and complex control circuitry. One advantage of passive fault current limiters (FCL) is the automatic behavior that is dependent on the intrinsic properties of the circuit elements rather than on a complex feedback control scheme making this approach attractive for low cost applications and also where reliability is critical. This paper describes the behavioral modeling of a passive Magnetic FCL and its potential application in practical circuits.
The correlation between electron temperature and density in the topside ionosphere during 2006–2009
Authors: Su Fanfan , Wang Wenbin , Burns Alan G. , Yue Xinan , Zhu Fuying 
Published: November 2015

AbstractDetection of Electro‐Magnetic Emissions Transmitted from Earthquake Regions satellite data have been used to investigate the global relationship between electron density (Ne) and electron temperature (Te) in the topside ionosphere (~680 km) from 2006 to 2009. Te and Ne were negatively correlated in most of the low and middle latitude regions at ~10:30 solar local time (LT). In these regions, photoelectron heating of the electrons was balanced by cooling through collisions with the ions. The negative correlation became weaker at midlatitudes, due to the increasing influence of heat conduction. The correlation was negative in most seasons during the daytime except at high latitudes in the northern winter, where a positive correlation occurred. There were wave‐like longitudinal structures in Ne and Te around the geomagnetic equator, but they had different patterns in the day and the night. However, no obvious longitudinal variations in the correlation were associated with these structures. A positive correlation occurred near the magnetic equator at ~22:30 LT, which depended on thermal equilibrium between the electrons, ions, and neutrals. A negative correlation occurred at midlatitudes. Around the September equinox, at night around the magnetic equator, the positive correlation had a wider latitudinal range. At midlatitudes, a negative correlation occurred in smaller areas than it did around the March equinox. Around the December solstice the direct nighttime coupling between Ne and Te was weaker than it was around the June solstice. The negative correlation depends on the collisions between the electrons and the ions and the heating source.
Infrasound from volcanic rockfalls
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey B. , Ronan Timothy J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractProximal infrasound arrays can robustly track rapidly moving gravity‐driven mass wasting, which occurs commonly at erupting volcanoes. This study reports on detection, localization, and quantification of frequent small rockfalls and infrequent pyroclastic density currents descending the southeast flanks of Santiaguito's active Caliente Dome in January of 2014. Such activities are identified as moving sources, which descend several hundred meters at bulk flow speeds of up to ~10 m/s, which is considerably slower than the descent velocity of individual blocks. Infrasound rockfall signal character is readily distinguishable from explosion infrasound, which is manifested by a relatively fixed location source with lower frequency content. In contrast, the rockfalls of Santiaguito possess higher frequencies dominated by 7.5 to 20 Hz energy. During our observation periods typical rockfall signals occurred ~10 times per hour and lasted tens of seconds or more. Array beamforming permitted detection of rockfall transients with amplitudes of only a few tens of millipascals that would be impossible to distinguish from noise using a single sensor. Conjoint time‐synchronized video is used to corroborate location and to characterize various gravity‐driven events.
Chemical transport of neutral atmospheric constituents by waves and turbulence: Theory and observations
Authors: Gardner Chester S. , Liu Alan Z. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractVertical chemical transport occurs when the density fluctuations of a species, caused by perturbations of its chemistry, are strongly correlated with the vertical wind fluctuations. Chemical transport can exceed dynamical and eddy transport of chemically active species. Theoretical expressions are derived for the chemical fluxes and transport velocities and used to characterize the vertical transport of mesospheric O3 and meteoric Na and Fe between 85 and 100 km. Chemical transport is dependent on the intrinsic frequency spectrum of the temperature fluctuations and on the chemical cutoff periods of the species. For O3 only high‐frequency fluctuations contribute to chemical transport because slower, larger‐amplitude density perturbations are damped by chemistry. The cutoff periods for O3 range from ~15 min during the day when photolysis is important to ~200 min at night. The chemical transport velocities of Na and Fe are proportional to the O3, O2+, and NO+ densities above 85 km. For O3, Na, and Fe the magnitudes of the vertical transport velocity can be as large as 10 cm/s, and they exhibit strong diurnal variations. O3 chemical transport is downward at night and upward during the day. Na and Fe chemical transport are largely upward with the strongest upward velocities at night near 85 and 100 km.
Fast and slow climate responses to CO2 and solar forcing: A linear multivariate regression model characterizing transient climate change
Authors: Cao Long , Bala Govindasamy , Zheng Meidi , Caldeira Ken 
Published: November 2015

AbstractClimate change in response to a change in external forcing can be understood in terms of fast response to the imposed forcing and slow feedback associated with surface temperature change. Previous studies have investigated the characteristics of fast response and slow feedback for different forcing agents. Here we examine to what extent that fast response and slow feedback derived from time‐mean results of climate model simulations can be used to infer total climate change. To achieve this goal, we develop a multivariate regression model of climate change, in which the change in a climate variable is represented by a linear combination of its sensitivity to CO2 forcing, solar forcing, and change in global mean surface temperature. We derive the parameters of the regression model using time‐mean results from a set of HadCM3L climate model step‐forcing simulations, and then use the regression model to emulate HadCM3L‐simulated transient climate change. Our results show that the regression model emulates well HadCM3L‐simulated temporal evolution and spatial distribution of climate change, including surface temperature, precipitation, runoff, soil moisture, cloudiness, and radiative fluxes under transient CO2 and/or solar forcing scenarios. Our findings suggest that temporal and spatial patterns of total change for the climate variables considered here can be represented well by the sum of fast response and slow feedback. Furthermore, by using a simple 1‐D heat‐diffusion climate model, we show that the temporal and spatial characteristics of climate change under transient forcing scenarios can be emulated well using information from step‐forcing simulations alone.
The Pb isotopic evolution of the Martian mantle constrained by initial Pb in Martian meteorites
Authors: Bellucci J. J. , Nemchin A. A. , Whitehouse M. J. , Snape J. F. , Bland P. , Benedix G. K. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Pb isotopic compositions of maskelynite and pyroxene grains were measured in ALH84001 and three enriched shergottites (Zagami, Roberts Massif 04262, and Larkman Nunatuk 12011) by secondary ion mass spectrometry. A maskelynite‐pyroxene isochron for ALH84001 defines a crystallization age of 4089 ± 73 Ma (2σ). The initial Pb isotopic composition of each meteorite was measured in multiple maskelynite grains. ALH84001 has the least radiogenic initial Pb isotopic composition of any Martian meteorite measured to date (i.e., 206Pb/204Pb = 10.07 ± 0.17, 2σ). Assuming an age of reservoir formation for ALH84001 and the enriched shergottites of 4513 Ma, a two‐stage Pb isotopic model has been constructed. This model links ALH84001 and the enriched shergottites by their similar μ value (238U/204Pb) of 4.1–4.6 from 4.51 Ga to 4.1 Ga and 0.17 Ga, respectively. The model employed here is dependent on a chondritic μ value (~1.2) from 4567 to 4513 Ma, which implies that core segregation had little to no effect on the μ value(s) of the Martian mantle. The proposed Pb isotopic model here can be used to calculate ages that are in agreement with Rb‐Sr, Lu‐Hf, and Sm‐Nd ages previously determined in the meteorites and confirm the young (~170 Ma) ages of the enriched shergottites and ancient, >4 Ga, age of ALH84001.
Talking (or Not Talking) about the Past: The Influence of Parent–Child Conversation about Negative Experiences on Children's Memories
Authors: Salmon Karen , Reese Elaine 
Published: November 2015

SummaryWe review research investigating the influence of conversations between parents and their children about past negative experiences on children's memory and management of their emotional experiences. To do so, we are guided by social cultural developmental theory and a developmental psychopathology framework. In the first section, we first discuss the ‘best case’ scenario, in which parents and child have a close relationship within which the child's negative emotions can be discussed and understood, and the child's ability to remember her experiences in a detailed and coherent narrative form is optimised. In the second section, we turn to the most problematic scenario of child maltreatment, including child sexual abuse, and consider the implications for children's memory when these optimizing factors are not present or are limited. Finally, we discuss exemplar intermediary scenarios. We propose that early problems acquiring critical skills for remembering emotional experiences in the context of parent–child relationships can have negative consequences for children's memory but also for their psychological functioning more broadly, which can extend across development. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐Dimensional Nanoporous Networks Formed by Liquid‐to‐Solid Transfer of Hydrogen‐Bonded Macrocycles Built from DNA Bases
Authors: Bilbao Nerea , Destoop Iris , De Feyter Steven , González‐Rodríguez David 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe present an approach that makes use of DNA base pairing to produce hydrogen‐bonded macrocycles whose supramolecular structure can be transferred from solution to a solid substrate. A hierarchical assembly process ultimately leads to two‐dimensional nanostructured porous networks that are able to host size‐complementary guests.
A Mechanochromic Single Crystal: Turning Two Color Changes into a Tricolored Switch
Authors: Ma Zhiyong , Wang Zhijian , Meng Xiao , Ma Zhimin , Xu Zejun , Ma Yuguo , Jia Xinru 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe single crystal of M‐4‐B was obtained by attaching the boron of BH3 to the amine linker between a tetraphenylethylene (TPE) unit and rhodamine B. M‐4‐B showed a novel sequential tricolor switching from dark blue to bluish‐green and to a reddish color upon grinding. The boron atom played a key role in developing the single crystal.
Possible interaction of quinolone antibiotics with peptide transporter 1 in oral absorption of peptide‐mimetic drugs
Authors: Arakawa Hiroshi , Kamioka Hiroki , Kanagawa Masahiko , Hatano Yasuko , Idota Yoko , Yano Kentaro , Morimoto Kaori , Ogihara Takuo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe study investigated whether quinolone antibiotics inhibit the PEPT1‐mediated uptake of its substrates. Among the quinolones examined, lomefloxacin, moxifloxacin (MFLX) and purlifloxacin significantly inhibited the uptake of PEPT1 substrate phenylalanine‐Ψ(CN‐S)‐alanine (Phe‐Ψ‐Ala) in HeLa/PEPT1 cells to 31.6 ± 1.3%, 27.6 ± 2.9%, 36.8 ± 2.2% and 32.6 ± 1.4%, respectively. Further examination showed that MFLX was an uncompetitive inhibitor, with an IC50 value of 4.29 ± 1.29 mm. In addition, MFLX significantly decreased the cephalexin and valacyclovir uptake in HeLa/PEPT1 cells. In an in vivo study in rats, the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of orally administered Phe‐Ψ‐Ala was significantly decreased in the presence of MFLX (171 ± 1 ng/ml) compared with that in its absence (244 ± 9 ng/ml). The area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) of orally administered Phe‐Ψ‐Ala in the presence of MFLX (338 ± 50 ng/ml · h) tended to decrease compared with that in its absence (399 ± 75 ng/ml · h). The oral bioavailability of Phe‐Ψ‐Ala in the presence and absence of MFLX was 41.7 ± 6.2% and 49.2 ± 9.2%, respectively. The results indicate that administration of quinolone antibiotics concomitantly with PEPT1 substrate drugs may potentially result in drug–drug interaction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous quantification of hyperin, reynoutrin and guaijaverin in mice plasma by LC‐MS/MS: application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Li Z. , Meng F. , Zhang Y. , Sun L. , Yu L. , Zhang Z. , Peng S. , Guo J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractA specific and sensitive LC‐MS/MS assay was developed to simultaneously quantify three structurally similar flavonoid glycosides – hyperin, reynoutrin and guaijaverin – in mouse plasma. Biosamples were prepared by solid‐phase extraction. Isocratic chromatographic separation was performed on an AichromBond‐AQ C18 column (250 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm) with methanol–acetonitrile–water–formic acid (20:25:55:0.1) as the mobile phase. Detection of hyperin, reynoutrin, guaijaverin and internal standard [luteolin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐apiofuranosyl‐(1 → 6)‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside] was achieved by ESI‐MS/MS in the negative ion mode using m/z 463 → m/z 300, m/z 433 → m/z 300, m/z 433 → m/z 300 and m/z 579 → m/z 285 transitions, respectively. Linear concentration ranges of calibration curves were 4.0–800.0 ng/mL for hyperin and reynoutrin and 8.0–1600.0 ng/mL for guaijaverin when 100 μL of plasma was analyzed. We used this validated method to study the pharmacokinetics of hyperin, reynoutrin and guaijaverin in mice following oral and intravenous administration. All three quercetin‐3‐O‐glycosides showed poor oral absorption in mice, and the absolute bioavailability of hyperin after oral administration of 100 mg/kg was 1.2%. Pretreatment with verapamil increased the peak concentration and area under the concentration–time curve of hyperin, which were significantly higher than the control values. The half‐life of hyperin with verapamil was significantly prolonged compared with that of the control. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Greenwashing Revisited: In Search of a Typology and Accusation‐Based Definition Incorporating Legitimacy Strategies
Authors: Seele Peter , Gatti Lucia 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIs greenwashing a concept describing companies using misleading communication or is it co‐constructed in the eye of the beholder? By discussing the literature, we find that existing definitions of greenwashing overemphasize the strategic intention to mislead and do not incorporate unjust allegations. Then, by combining signaling theory with legitimacy theory, we frame the communication process of the greenwashing accusation and the emergence of a negative narrative caused by the accusation and its effect on legitimacy. Hence, in this paper we argue that greenwashing epistemologically is constituted in the eye of the beholder, depending on an external accusation. Following this view, the greenwashing accusation is understood as a distortion factor altering the signal reliability of green messages. Based on our conceptual analysis, we provide a conceptual framework introducing a new typology of case‐based greenwashing (greenwashing, false greenwashing, potential greenwashing and no greenwashing) and the effects of these types on corporate legitimacy. Finally, we propose a revised definition of greenwashing as co‐creation of an external accusation toward an organization with regard to presenting a misleading green message. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Epidemiological study of soft‐tissue sarcomas in Ireland
Authors: Bhatt Nikita , Deady Sandra , Gillis Amy , Bertuzzi Alexia , Fabre Aurelie , Heffernan Eric , Gillham Charles , O'Toole Gary , Ridgway Paul F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSoft‐tissue sarcomas (STS) account for 1% of adult and 7% of pediatric malignancies. Histopathology and classification of these rare tumors requires further refinements. The aim of this paper is to describe the current incidence and survival of STS from 1994 to 2012 in Ireland and compare these with comparably coded international published reports. This is a retrospective, population study based on the data from the National Cancer Registry of Ireland (NCRI). Incidence and relative survival rates for STS in Ireland were generated. Incidence of STS based on gender, age and anatomical location was examined. Annual mean incidence rate (European Age Standardized) in Ireland between 1994 and 2012 was 4.48 ± 0.15 per 100,000 person‐years. The overall relative 5‐year survival rate of STS for the period 1994–2011 in Ireland was 56%, which was similar to that reported in the U.K. but lower than in most of Europe and U.S.A. Survival rate fluctuated over the period examined, declining slightly in females but showing an increase in males. STS incidence trends in Ireland were comparable to international reports. Survival trends of STS were significantly different between Ireland and other European countries, requiring further study to understand causation.
Interaction of natural killer cells with neutrophils exerts a significant antitumor immunity in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients
Authors: Ueda Ryosuke , Narumi Kenta , Hashimoto Hisayoshi , Miyakawa Reina , Okusaka Takuji , Aoki Kazunori 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAutologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can induce a strong antitumor immunity by homeostatic proliferation (HP) of T cells and suppression of regulatory T cells following preconditioning‐induced lymphopenia. However, the role of innate immunity including natural killer (NK) cells is still not understood. Here, first, we examined whether NK cells exert an antitumor effect after syngeneic HSCT in a murine colon cancer model. Flow cytometry showed that NK cells as well as T cells rapidly proliferated after HSCT, and the frequency of mature NK cells was increased in tumor during HP. Furthermore, NK cells undergoing HP were highly activated, which contributed to substantial tumor suppression. Then, we found that a large number of neutrophils accumulated in tumor early after syngeneic HSCT. It was recently reported that neutrophil‐derived mediators modulate NK cell effector functions, and so we examined whether the neutrophils infiltrated in tumor are associated with NK cell‐mediated antitumor effect. The depletion of neutrophils significantly impaired an activation of NK cells in tumor and increased the fraction of proliferative NK cells accompanied by a decrease in NK cell survival. The results suggested that neutrophils in tumor prevent NK cells from activation‐induced cell death during HP, thus leading to a significant antitumor effect by NK cells. This study revealed a novel aspect of antitumor immunity induced by HSCT and may contribute to the development of an effective therapeutic strategy for cancer using HSCT.