bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐Photon In Vivo Imaging with Porous Silicon Nanoparticles
Authors: Kim Dokyoung , Kang Jinyoung , Wang Taejun , Ryu Hye Gun , Zuidema Jonathan M. , Joo Jinmyoung , Kim Muwoong , Huh Youngbuhm , Jung Junyang , Ahn Kyo Han , Kim Ki Hean , Sailor Michael J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA major obstacle in luminescence imaging is the limited penetration of visible light into tissues and interference associated with light scattering and autofluorescence. Near‐infrared (NIR) emitters that can also be excited with NIR radiation via two‐photon processes can mitigate these factors somewhat because they operate at wavelengths of 650–1000 nm where tissues are more transparent, light scattering is less efficient, and endogenous fluorophores are less likely to absorb. This study presents photolytically stable, NIR photoluminescent, porous silicon nanoparticles with a relatively high two‐photon‐absorption cross‐section and a large emission quantum yield. Their ability to be targeted to tumor tissues in vivo using the iRGD targeting peptide is demonstrated, and the distribution of the nanoparticles with high spatial resolution is visualized.
Solution‐Processable Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence White OLEDs Based on Dual‐Emission Polymers with Tunable Emission Colors and Aggregation‐Enhanced Emission Properties
Authors: Li Chensen , Nobuyasu Roberto S. , Wang Yukun , Dias Fernando B. , Ren Zhongjie , Bryce Martin R. , Yan Shouke 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) have drawn tremendous interest and have been extensively studied because of harvesting both triplet and singlet excitons without heavy metals. However, single white‐light‐emitting polymers are currently limited and few strategies exist to design these materials. Herein, a new strategy is proposed to develop the polymers with tunable emission colors by combining fluorescence and TADF based on aggregation‐enhanced emission (AEE) characteristics. The polymers containing different ratios of pendant 2‐(10H‐phenothiazin‐10‐yl)dibenzothiophene‐S,S‐dioxide units with yellow TADF emission and dibenzothiophene units with blue fluorophor emission, which display both TADF and AEE characteristics, are synthesized successfully. Among them, the emission color of P3 in different tetrahydrofuran/water mixtures changes from greenish‐blue to white or yellow. Moreover, P3 displays white emission in the solid state dispersing by poly(methyl methacrylate). In addition, electroluminescent device of P3 achieve white light emission with high color rending indexes (CRI) and low turn‐on voltages (V
on ). P3 OLEDs show two‐color warm‐white emission with high CRI of 77, low V
on of 2.9 V, CEmax of 23.0 cd A−1, PEmax of 32.8 lm W−1, external quantum efficiency (EQE)max of 10.4% with Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage coordinates of (0.37, 0.38) at 5 V. Moreover, EQE of 2.6%, CE of 5.7 cd/A, PE of 4.7 lm W−1 at 100 cd m−2 are obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this work reports the first example of warm‐white TADF polymer OLEDs.
The characteristic mid‐shaft cross‐sectional shape of the ulna in Jomon hunter‐gatherers
Authors: Hagihara Yasuo , Nara Takashi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe Jomon people were hunter‐gatherers who inhabited the Japanese archipelago between 10,000 BC and 300 BC. Here, we focus on the mid‐shaft cross‐sectional shape of the ulna in the Jomon population and compare it with modern Japanese people.Materials and methodsJomon specimens, including 32 males and 22 females, were excavated from shell mound sites in the Pacific and Seto inland coastal area of Honshu island in the Japanese archipelago dated to the Late‐to‐Final Jomon phase (between 2,000 BC and 300 BC). Mid‐shaft ulna cross‐sectional shapes were compared with modern Japanese specimens (25 males, 21 females) using standard linear measurements and elliptic Fourier analysis (EFA). Differences from both sides of this element were compared using predicted handedness.ResultsLinear measurements and EFA results show that ulna shape of both sexes within the Jomon population are relatively larger in the antero‐posterior direction and have more developed posterior borders than modern Japanese males and females. No significant differences were observed between Jomon sexes based on the predicted dominant side, but differences were evident in the predicted nondominant side. At the same time, bilateral differences were recognized in Jomon females, because of a lower level of posterior border development in the predicted nondominant side compared to the dominant side.DiscussionShape differences between Jomon people and modern Japanese can be explained by variation in the habitual loading of the ulna. Sexual dimorphism in ulna shape within the Jomon population suggests division of labor differences.
Energetic cost of walking in fossil hominins
Authors: Vidal‐Cordasco M. , Mateos A. , Zorrilla‐Revilla G. , Prado‐Nóvoa O. , Rodríguez J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveMany biomechanical studies consistently show that a broader pelvis increases the reaction forces and bending moments across the femoral shaft, increasing the energetic costs of unloaded locomotion. However, a biomechanical model does not provide the real amount of metabolic energy expended in walking. The aim of this study is to test the influence of pelvis breadth on locomotion cost and to evaluate the locomotion efficiency of extinct Pleistocene hominins.Material and MethodsThe current study measures in vivo the influence of pelvis width on the caloric cost of locomotion, integrating anthropometry, body composition and indirect calorimetry protocols in a sample of 46 subjects of both sexes.ResultsWe show that a broader false pelvis is substantially more efficient for locomotion than a narrower one and that the influence of false pelvis width on the energetic cost is similar to the influence of leg length. Two models integrating body mass, femur length and bi‐iliac breadth are used to estimate the net and gross energetic costs of locomotion in a number of extinct hominins. The results presented here show that the locomotion of Homo was not energetically more efficient than that of Australopithecus and that the locomotion of extinct Homo species was not less efficient than that of modern Homo sapiens.DiscussionThe changes in the anatomy of the pelvis and lower limb observed with the appearance of Homo ergaster probably did not fully offset the increased expenditure resulting from a larger body mass. Moreover, the narrow pelvis in modern humans does not contribute to greater efficiency of locomotion.
Relative tooth size at birth in primates: Life history correlates
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Muchlinski Magdalena N. , Bucher Wade R. , Vinyard Christopher J. , Bonar Christopher J. , Evans Sian , Williams Lawrence E. , DeLeon Valerie B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesDental eruption schedules have been closely linked to life history variables. Here we examine a sample of 50 perinatal primates (28 species) to determine whether life history traits correlate with relative tooth size at birth.Materials and methodsNewborn primates were studied using serial histological sectioning. Volumes of deciduous premolars (dp2–dp4), replacement teeth (if any), and permanent molars (M1–2/3) of the upper jaw were measured and residuals from cranial length were calculated with least squares regressions to obtain relative dental volumes (RDVs).ResultsRelative dental volumes of deciduous or permanent teeth have an unclear relationship with relative neonatal mass in all primates. Relative palatal length (RPL), used as a proxy for midfacial size, is significantly, positively correlated with larger deciduous and permanent postcanine teeth. However, when strepsirrhines alone are examined, larger RPL is correlated with smaller RDV of permanent teeth. In the full sample, RDVs of deciduous premolars are significantly negatively correlated with relative gestation length (RGL), but have no clear relationship with relative weaning age. RDVs of molars lack a clear relationship with RGL; later weaning is associated with larger molar RDV, although correlations are not significant. When strepsirrhines alone are analyzed, clearer trends are present: longer gestations or later weaning are associated with smaller deciduous and larger permanent postcanine teeth (only gestational length correlations are significant).DiscussionOur results indicate a broad trend that primates with the shortest RGLs precociously develop deciduous teeth; in strepsirrhines, the opposite trend is seen for permanent molars. Anthropoids delay growth of permanent teeth, while strepsirrhines with short RGLs are growing replacement teeth concurrently. A comparison of neonatal volumes with existing information on extent of cusp mineralization indicates that growth of tooth germs and cusp mineralization may be selected for independently.
Insufficient sleep: Enhanced risk‐seeking relates to low local sleep intensity
Authors: Maric Angelina , Montvai Eszter , Werth Esther , Storz Matthias , Leemann Janina , Weissengruber Sebastian , Ruff Christian C. , Huber Reto , Poryazova Rositsa , Baumann Christian R. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesChronic sleep restriction is highly prevalent in modern society and is, in its clinical form, insufficient sleep syndrome, one of the most prevalent diagnoses in clinical sleep laboratories, with substantial negative impact on health and community burden. It reflects every‐day sleep loss better than acute sleep deprivation, but its effects and particularly the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown for a variety of critical cognitive domains, as, for example, risky decision making.MethodsWe assessed financial risk‐taking behavior after 7 consecutive nights of sleep restriction and after 1 night of acute sleep deprivation compared to a regular sleep condition in a within‐subject design. We further investigated potential underlying mechanisms of sleep‐loss–induced changes in behavior by high‐density electroencephalography recordings during restricted sleep.ResultsWe show that chronic sleep restriction increases risk‐seeking, whereas this was not observed after acute sleep deprivation. This increase was subjectively not noticed and was related to locally lower values of slow‐wave energy during preceding sleep, an electrophysiological marker of sleep intensity and restoration, in electrodes over the right prefrontal cortex.InterpretationThis study provides, for the first time, evidence that insufficient sleep restoration over circumscribed cortical areas leads to aberrant behavior. In chronically sleep restricted subjects, low slow‐wave sleep intensity over the right prefrontal cortex—which has been shown to be linked to risk behavior—may lead to increased and subjectively unnoticed risk‐seeking. Ann Neurol 2017;82:409–418
Gate‐Voltage Control of Borophene Structure Formation
Authors: Zhang Zhuhua , Shirodkar Sharmila N. , Yang Yang , Yakobson Boris I. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBoron nanostructures are easily charged but how charge carriers affect their structural stability is unknown. We combined cluster expansion methods with first‐principles calculations to analyze the dependence of the preferred structure of two‐dimensional (2D) boron, or “borophene”, on charge doping controlled by a gate voltage. At a reasonable doping level of 3.12×1014 cm−2, the hollow hexagon concentration in the ground state of 2D boron increases to 1/7 from 1/8 in its charge‐neutral state. The numerical result for the dependence of hollow hexagon concentration on the doping level is well described by an analytical method based on an electron‐counting rule. Aside from in‐plane electronic bonding, the hybridization among out‐of‐plane boron orbitals is crucial for determining the relative stability of different sheets at a given doping level. Our results offer new insight into the stability mechanism of 2D boron and open new ways for the control of the lattice structure during formation.
Universal Janus Filters for the Rapid Separation of Oil from Emulsions Stabilized by Ionic or Nonionic Surfactants
Authors: Wang Zijie , Lehtinen Morgan , Liu Guojun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractExisting Janus filters cannot separate oil from emulsions stabilized by nonionic surfactants. Reported herein are universal Janus filters that separate oil from emulsions stabilized by not only ionic but also nonionic surfactants. To prepare such a filter, poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) is grafted onto one side of a fabric. The other side is then grafted with a copolymer polysoap bearing pendant oligo(ethylene glycol) monolaurate (EL) chains. Upon contact with an emulsion, the grafted polysoap competes with free surfactants, ionic or nonionic, for adsorption onto the emulsified droplets, drawing them to the surfaces of the fabric fibers, and causes them to coalesce locally. The coalesced oil then migrates to the PDMS‐coated side of the fabric and selectively permeates it. These novel filters possess enhanced versatility and showcase a new application for polysoaps.
Carboxylation of Aromatic and Aliphatic Bromides and Triflates with CO2 by Dual Visible‐Light–Nickel Catalysis
Authors: Meng Qing‐Yuan , Wang Shun , König Burkhard 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe report the efficient carboxylation of bromides and triflates with K2CO3 as the source of CO2 in the presence of an organic photocatalyst in combination with a nickel complex under visible light irradiation at room temperature. The reaction is compatible with a variety of functional groups and has been successfully applied to the synthesis and derivatization of biologically active molecules. In particular, the carboxylation of unactivated cyclic alkyl bromides proceeded well with our protocol, thus extending the scope of this transformation. Spectroscopic and spectroelectrochemical investigations indicated the generation of a Ni0 species as a catalytic reactive intermediate.
Chemical Synthesis of the Highly Hydrophobic Antiviral Membrane‐Associated Protein IFITM3 and Modified Variants
Authors: Harmand Thibault J. , Pattabiraman Vijaya R. , Bode Jeffrey W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInterferon‐induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) is an antiviral transmembrane protein that is thought to serve as the primary factor for inhibiting the replication of a large number of viruses, including West Nile virus, Dengue virus, Ebola virus, and Zika virus. Production of this 14.5 kDa, 133‐residue transmembrane protein, especially with essential posttranslational modifications, by recombinant expression is challenging. In this report, we document the chemical synthesis of IFTIM3 in multi‐milligram quantities (>15 mg) and the preparation of phosphorylated and fluorescent variants. The synthesis was accomplished by using KAHA ligations, which operate under acidic aqueous/organic mixtures that excel at solubilizing even the exceptionally hydrophobic C‐terminal region of IFITM3. The synthetic material is readily incorporated into model vesicles and forms the basis for using synthetic, homogenous IFITM3 and its derivatives for further studying its structure and biological mode of action.
Between Localization and Delocalization: Ru(cod)2+ Units in the Zintl Clusters [Bi9{Ru(cod)}2]3− and [Tl2Bi6{Ru(cod)}]2−
Authors: Lichtenberger Niels , Spang Nils , Eichhöfer Andreas , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: August 2017

AbstractReactions of [K(crypt‐222)]2(TlBi3)⋅0.5 en (1 b) with [Ru(cod)(H2CC(Me)CH2)2] (A) in 1,2‐diaminoethane (en) led to the formation of two compounds with new bismuth‐rich cluster anions, [K(crypt‐222)]3[Bi9{Ru(cod)}2]⋅1.5 en (2) and [K(crypt‐222)]2[Tl2Bi6{Ru(cod)}]⋅2 tol (3), alongside the salt of a binary nido cluster, [K(crypt‐222)]3(Tl4Bi5)⋅2 en (4). The anions in 2 and 3 are two further examples of rare heterometallic clusters containing Ru atoms. As one cod ligand is retained on each Ru atom in both clusters, the anions may be viewed as intermediates on the way towards larger, ligand‐free intermetalloid clusters. Quantum‐chemical studies provided insight into the bonding situation in these clusters. According to these studies, the anion of 2 features both electron‐precise and electron‐deficient parts. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis indicated that the clusters undergo stepwise fragmentation.
The effect of aluminum alkyls and BHT‐H on reaction kinetics of silica supported metallocenes and polymer properties in slurry phase ethylene polymerization
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Ahsan , Monteil Vincent , Boisson Christophe , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTIn slurry and gas phase catalytic ethylene polymerization processes, aluminum alkyl (AlR3) compounds are usually present inside the reactor and their role either as co‐catalyst or scavenger is of considerable importance. Silica supported metallocene/methyl aluminoxane (MAO) catalysts show specific interactions with AlR3 compounds. Therefore, this study shows an attempt to analyze and compare the effect of concentration as well as type of commonly used AlR3 on slurry phase ethylene homopolymerization kinetics of silica supported (n‐BuCp)2ZrCl2/MAO catalyst. The obtained results indicate that the lower the concentration of smaller AlR3 compounds, the higher the instantaneous catalytic activity. Concerning the polymer particle size distributions, a rise in fines generation has been observed with increasing AlR3 content inside the reactor. Finally, it has been shown that the addition of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenol (a substituted phenol) into the reactor containing AlR3 reduces the influence of AlR3 compounds on the reaction kinetics of silica supported metallocene/MAO catalysts. Polyethylene properties remain similar in all the studied scenarios. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45670.
A Facile Route to Ortho‐Hydroxyanilnes through an IrIII‐Catalyzed Direct C−H Amidation of 2‐Phenoxypyridines
Authors: Wang Lianhui , Yang Zi , Yang Mengqi , Tian Miaodou , Kuai Changsheng , Cui Xiuling 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA highly efficient and regioselective IrIII‐catalyzed C−H amidation of 2‐phenoxypyridines has been developed by using sulfonyl azides as an amino source. The amidated products were provided in good‐to‐excellent yields with broad functional‐group tolerance. Furthermore, the 2‐pyridyl moiety in the amidated products could be readily removed, thus offering an efficient route to synthetically useful ortho‐hydroxyanilnes, which are important building blocks in organic synthesis.
CRISPRi repression of nonhomologous end‐joining for enhanced genome engineering via homologous recombination in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Schwartz Cory , Frogue Keith , Ramesh Adithya , Misa Joshua , Wheeldon Ian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn many organisms of biotechnological importance precise genome editing is limited by inherently low homologous recombination (HR) efficiencies. A number of strategies exist to increase the effectiveness of this native DNA repair pathway; however, most strategies rely on permanently disabling competing repair pathways, thus reducing an organism's capacity to repair naturally occurring double strand breaks. Here, we describe a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system for gene repression in the oleochemical‐producing yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. By using a multiplexed sgRNA targeting strategy, we demonstrate efficient repression of eight out of nine targeted genes to enhance HR. Strains with nonhomologous end‐joining repressed were shown to have increased rates of HR when transformed with a linear DNA fragment with homology to a genomic locus. With multiplexed targeting of KU70 and KU80, and enhanced repression with Mxi1 fused to deactivated Cas9 (dCas9), rates of HR as high as 90% were achieved. The developed CRISPRi system enables enhanced HR in Y. lipolytica without permanent genetic knockouts and promises to be a potent tool for other metabolic engineering, synthetic biology, and functional genomics studies.
Reversible Loading of Nanoscale Elements on a Multicomponent Supramolecular Polymer System by Using DNA Strand Displacement
Authors: Noteborn Willem E. M. , Saez Talens Victorio , Kieltyka Roxanne E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNucleic acids are excellent building blocks to enable switchable character in supramolecular polymer materials because of their inherent dynamic character and potential for orthogonal self‐assembly. Herein, DNA‐grafted squaramide bola‐amphiphiles are used in a multicomponent supramolecular polymer system and it is shown that they can be addressed by DNAlabeled gold nanoparticles (5 and 15 nm) through sequence complementarity. These nanoparticles can be selectively erased or rewritten on‐demand by means of DNA‐strand displacement.
Construction of (Ni, Cu) Se2//Reduced Graphene Oxide for High Energy Density Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Chen Bo , Tian Yifan , Yang Zhaoxi , Ruan Yunjun , Jiang Jianjun , Wang Chundong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSelenide, particularly transition‐metal selenide, is gaining popularity for use as electrode materials in electrochemical capacitors, because they are low cost, highly conductive, earth abundant, and environmentally benign. Here, we fabricated (Ni, Cu) Se2 nanowires on nickel foam (NF) with a facile one‐pot hydrothermal method. Upon rational design and careful growth control, regular (Ni, Cu) Se2 nanowires of several micrometers in length were grown, having an areal specific capacitance of 5.92 F cm−2 at a current density of 2 mA cm−2. Afterwards, an asymmetric supercapacitor was assembled by selecting the (Ni, Cu) Se2 nanowire/NF as the positive electrode, and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) as the negative electrode, delivering an ultrahigh energy density of 44.46 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 797.9 W kg−1, and when tested at an ultrahigh power density of 9796.7 W kg−1, an energy density of 6.53 Wh kg−1 can be still maintained, evidencing its potential applications. Besides its high energy density features, it is impressive to notice that the energy density still maintains 97.56 % even after 4000‐cycle fierce cycling at an ultrahigh current density of 50 mA cm−2. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first‐ever reported (Ni, Cu) Se2‐based supercapacitor/asymmetric supercapacitor. This work may arouse new interest for designing and growing transition‐metal selenide and/or metal selenide for large‐scale, practical supercapacitor applications.
Dual‐Nuclide Radiopharmaceuticals for Positron Emission Tomography Based Dosimetry in Radiotherapy
Authors: Wurzer Alexander , Seidl Christof , Morgenstern Alfred , Bruchertseifer Frank , Schwaiger Markus , Wester Hans‐Jürgen , Notni Johannes 
Published: August 2017

AbstractImprovement of the accuracy of dosimetry in radionuclide therapy has the potential to increase patient safety and therapeutic outcomes. Although positron emission tomography (PET) is ideally suited for acquisition of dosimetric data because PET is inherently quantitative and offers high sensitivity and spatial resolution, it is not directly applicable for this purpose because common therapeutic radionuclides lack the necessary positron emission. This work reports on the synthesis of dual‐nuclide labeled radiopharmaceuticals with therapeutic and PET functionality, which are based on common and widely available metal radionuclides. Dual‐chelator conjugates, featuring interlinked cyclen‐ and triazacyclononane‐based polyphosphinates DOTPI and TRAP, allow for strictly regioselective complexation of therapeutic (e.g., 177Lu, 90Y, or 213Bi) and PET (e.g., 68Ga) radiometals in the same molecular framework by exploiting the orthogonal metal ion selectivity of these chelators (DOTPI: large cations, such as lanthanide(III) ions; TRAP: small trivalent ions, such as GaIII). Such DOTPI–TRAP conjugates were decorated with 3 Gly‐urea‐Lys (KuE) motifs for targeting prostate‐specific membrane antigen (PSMA), employing Cu‐catalyzed (CuAAC) as well as strain‐promoted (SPAAC) click chemistry. These were labeled with 177Lu or 213Bi and 68Ga and used for in vivo imaging of LNCaP (human prostate carcinoma) tumor xenografts in SCID mice by PET, thus proving practical applicability of the concept.