bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow manifestations in multicentric Castleman disease
Authors: Ibrahim Hazem A. H. , Balachandran Kirsty , Bower Mark , Naresh Kikkeri N. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryThis study aimed to document the morphological and immunophenotypic features, and describe the diagnostic features of bone marrow (BM) involvement in human herpes virus 8 Multicentric Castleman disease (HHV8‐MCD). BM trephine biopsy (BMTB) specimens from 28 patients were revisited. Samples were evaluated for expression of CD3, CD20, CD138, CD68R, glycophorin C, CD42b, HHV8‐latency‐associated nuclear antigen (LANA1), Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded small RNA and light chains. Presence of significant numbers of HHV8‐LANA1+ lymphoid/plasmacytic cells, noted in 10/28 cases, was indicative of BM involvement and was associated with low CD4 and CD8 counts in peripheral blood. The characteristic morphological appearance of MCD seen in lymph nodes is a rare finding in BMTB. 4/5 cases with lymphoid aggregates were involved by MCD, whereas 6/23 cases without lymphoid aggregates were involved by MCD (P = 0·023). 9/18 cases with hypercellular marrow were involved by MCD, whilst only 1/8 cases with normo/hypocellular marrow showed involvement by MCD (P = 0·070). While 9/21 cases with increased marrow reticulin were involved by MCD, none of the cases with no increase in reticulin were involved by MCD (P = 0·080). Reactive plasmacytosis is a frequent finding. We conclude that bone marrow is involved in a significant proportion of patients with MCD (36%), and involvement can be identified by HHV8‐LANA1 immunohistochemistry.
Dyes based on the azo‐1H‐pyrrole moiety – synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties, and adsorption on TiO2
Authors: Maruszewska Anna , Podsiadły Radosław 
Published: January 2016

A series of novel azo dyes based on the azo‐1H‐pyrrole moiety were synthesised. The dyes were characterised in terms of their spectroscopic, electrochemical, and physicochemical properties. In these dyes, the electron‐rich 1H‐pyrrole moiety was assembled as π‐bridges in donor–acceptor π‐conjugated dye, and aminophenylimine fragments and the carboxyl group were used as donor and anchoring acceptor groups respectively. The dyes had adequate HOMO and LUMO levels that matched the conduction band of TiO2 and the redox potential of the electrolyte. The adsorption of these azo compounds with carboxyl group(s) on TiO2 was investigated. Experimental data showed that the introduction of two carboxyl groups could greatly enhance the adsorption efficiency of the studied dyes on TiO2. The sorption kinetics was measured for selected dyes derived from 5‐aminoisophthalic acid. Results indicate that a pseudo‐second‐order equation can better describe the adsorption kinetics of these dyes on TiO2.
Differential impact of current diagnosis and clinical stage on attendance at a youth mental health service
Authors: Cross Shane P.M. , Hermens Daniel F. , Scott Jan , Salvador‐Carulla Luis , Hickie Ian B. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo examine whether clinical stage of illness and current diagnosis influence appointment behaviour in a specialized primary‐level youth mental health service.MethodsFactors associated with attendance at 8697 appointments made by 828 young people (females = 497) aged 12–25 years over a 1‐year period were analysed.ResultsThe number of appointments made did not correlate with the rates of attendance. However, those with more severe psychiatric morbidity made significantly more appointments and missed significantly more appointments than those with less severe presentations. Impaired social functioning was the best predictor of female attendance rates, whereas age and clinical stage of illness best predicted male attendance rates. Current diagnosis rather than functional impairment appeared to influence the level of input offered by clinicians.ConclusionsAge, gender, severity of illness, functioning and psychological distress had differential associations with both planned treatment intensity and attendance rates. These differences are likely to have implications for service provision in this youth population.
Quantification of cerivastatin toxicity supports organismal performance assays as an effective tool during pharmaceutical safety assessment
Authors: Gaukler Shannon M. , Ruff James S. , Galland Tessa , Underwood Tristan K. , Kandaris Kirstie A. , Liu Nicole M. , Morrison Linda C. , Veranth John M. , Potts Wayne K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA major problem in pharmaceutical development is that adverse effects remain undetected during preclinical and clinical trials, but are later revealed after market release when prescribed to many patients. We have developed a fitness assay known as the organismal performance assay (OPA), which evaluates individual performance by utilizing outbred wild mice (Mus musculus) that are assigned to an exposed or control group, which compete against each other for resources within semi‐natural enclosures. Performance measurements included reproductive success, survival, and male competitive ability. Our aim was to utilize cerivastatin (Baycol®, Bayer), a pharmaceutical with known adverse effects, as a positive control to assessOPAs as a potential tool for evaluating the safety of compounds during preclinical trials. Mice were exposed to cerivastatin (~4.5 mg/kg/day) into early adulthood. Exposure ceased and animals were released into semi‐natural enclosures. Within enclosures, cerivastatin‐exposed females had 25% fewer offspring and cerivastatin‐exposed males had 10% less body mass, occupied 63% fewer territories, sired 41% fewer offspring, and experienced a threefold increase in mortality when compared to controls.OPAs detected several cerivastatin‐induced adverse effects indicating that fitness assays, commonly used in ecology and evolutionary biology, could be useful as an additional tool in safety testing during pharmaceutical development.
The Geographies of Industrialised Finance: Probing the Global Production Networks of Asset Management
Authors: Dörry Sabine 
Published: January 2016

AbstractContemporary finance is highly industrialised in its division of labour and spatial organisation. Using the example of the asset management industry, this article applies the Global Production Network (GPN) framework to the largely disregarded ‘production’ of finance. Whereas acknowledging the GPN's progressive conceptualisation of cross‐boundary relationalities in the organisation of economic globalisation, this article critically engages with three of the concept's core analytical units. First, it challenges the somewhat misleading definition of ‘value’ with regard to speculative financial activities. Second, it argues that the complex, often opaque financial products are outcomes of the increased epistemic nature in the production of finance, which requires a shift in the conceptual and empirical attention of embeddedness towards the defining circuits of knowledge. Third, it contests the neat typology of governance forms by highlighting the proliferation of private contracting in some of the most complex financial GPNs. By probing finance, the article enriches the GPN research portfolio of case studies and interrogates the formulation of some of its core analytical categories. It is further argued that this more holistic approach towards how globalised and financialised finance is organised and coordinated as discussed in this article provides a fruitful alternative to the prevailing neoclassical, econometric understanding in financial studies.
Investigating the Role of Helicobacter pylori PriA Protein
Authors: Singh Aparna , Blaskovic Dusan , Joo Jungsoo , Yang Zhen , Jackson Sharon H. , Coleman William G. , Yan Ming 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn bacteria, PriA protein, a conserved DEXH‐type DNA helicase, plays a central role in replication restart at stalled replication forks. Its unique DNA binding property allows it to recognize and stabilize stalled forks and the structures derived from them. PriA plays a very critical role in replication fork stabilization and DNA repair in E. coli and N. gonorrhoeae. In our in vivo expression technology screen, priA gene was induced in vivo when Helicobacter pylori infects mouse stomach.Materials and MethodsWe decided to elucidate the role of H. pylori PriA protein in survival in mouse stomach, survival in gastric epithelial cells and macrophage cells, DNA repair, acid stress, and oxidative stress.ResultsThe priA null mutant strain was unable to colonize mice stomach mucosa after long‐term infections. Mouse colonization was observed after 1 week of infection, but the levels were much lower than the wild‐type HpSS1 strain. PriA protein was found to be important for intracellular survival of epithelial cell‐/macrophage cell‐ingested H. pylori. Also, a priA null mutant was more sensitive to DNA‐damaging agents and was much more sensitive to acid and oxidative stress as compared to the wild‐type strain.ConclusionsThese data suggest that the PriA protein is needed for survival and persistence of H. pylori in mice stomach mucosa.
Silicate‐oxide mineral chemistry of mafic–ultramafic rocks as an indicator of the roots of an island arc: The Chilas Complex, Kohistan (Pakistan)
Authors: Bilqees Rubina , Qasim Jan M. , Asif Khan M. , Windley Brian F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Chilas Complex is a major lower crustal component of the Cretaceous Kohistan island arc and one of the largest exposed slices of arc magma chamber in the world. Covering more than 8000 km2, it reaches a current tectonic width of around 40 km. It was emplaced at 85 Ma during rifting of the arc soon after the collision of the arc with the Karakoram plate. Over 85% of the Complex comprises homogeneous, olivine‐free gabbronorite and subordinate orthopyroxene–quartz diorite association (MGNA), which contains bodies of up to 30 km2 of ultramafic–mafic–anorthositic association (UMAA) rocks. Primary cumulate textures, igneous layering, and sedimentary structures are well preserved in layered parts of the UMAA in spite of pervasive granulite facies metamorphism. Mineral analyses show that the UMAA is characterized by more magnesian and more aluminous pyroxene and more calcic plagioclase than those in the MGNA. High modal abundances of orthopyroxene, magnetite and ilmenite (in MGNA), general Mg–Fe–Al spatial variations, and an MFA plot of whole‐rock analyses suggest a calc‐alkaline origin for the Complex. Projection of the pyroxene compositions on the Wo–En–Fs face is akin to those of pyroxenes from island arcs gabbros. The presence of highly calcic plagioclase and hornblende in UMAA is indicative of hydrous parental arc magma. The complex may be a product of two‐stage partial melting of a rising mantle diaper. The MGNA rocks represent the earlier phase melting, whereas the UMAA magma resulted from the melting of the same source depleted by the extraction of the earlier melt phase. Some of the massive peridotites in the UMAA may either be cumulates or represent metasomatized and remobilized upper mantle. The Chilas Complex shows similarities with many other (supra)subduction‐related mafic–ultramafic complexes worldwide.
Genetic algorithm for fitting a mixed Bingham distribution to 3D orientations: a tool for the statistical and paleostress analyses of fracture orientations
Authors: Yamaji Atsushi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe clustering of fracture orientations is important for tectonic studies and for geotechnical engineering. In this study, a real‐coded genetic algorithm was adopted to fitting a mixed Bingham distribution to orientation data by maximizing the log‐likelihood function of the distribution. The maximization is a difficult problem, because the function has multimodality and singularity. It was found that the algorithm was effective for this problem. Given the orientations of dilational fractures, the present method determines not only the stress axes and stress ratio of each of the fracture groups but also the maximum non‐dimensionalized fluid pressure at the time of their formation. In addition, the software calculates the 95 % error ellipses of the concentration axes. The present method found that the orientations of ore veins of the Akenobe Mine, SW Japan, should be partitioned into three clusters. It is shown that two of the groups had distinctive Zn and Sn contents, and that the ore fluids had overpressures only slightly greater than the minimum principal stress at the time of the deposition of Zn‐ and Sn‐rich veins.
Response to parenteral iron therapy distinguish unexplained refractory iron deficiency anemia from iron‐refractory iron deficiency anemia
Authors: Akin M. , Sarbay H. , Guler S. , Balci Y. I. , Polat A. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryIntroductionWe evaluated that response to parenteral iron therapy could be helpful in distinguishing the types of iron deficiency anemia.Patients and MethodsThis study analyzed responses to IV iron sucrose therapy of 15 children with unexplained refractory iron deficiency anemia (URIDA). We compared the results at diagnosis, 6 weeks and 6 months after the therapy. Results were compared with responses of 11 patients’ results with iron‐refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) from our previous study.ResultSix weeks after the start of treatment, ferritin, MCV, MCH and Hb values were in normal range in 10 patients. The increase in Hb, MCH, MCV, and ferritin values ranged 2.6–3.5 g/dL, 1.7–4.2 pg, 2–9 fL, and 13–25 ng/mL, respectively. In five patients, Hb, MCH, and MCV mean (range) values [11.2 g/dL (11–12.2), 24.5 pg (24–25.6), and 67 fL (65–70)] were nearly normal but ferritin mean (range) values [9.8 ng/mL (8–11)] were below normal. Six weeks after the start of treatment, Hb, MCH, MCV and ferritin values of patients with IRIDA were increased. The increase in Hb, MCH, MCV, and ferritin values ranged 0.8–2.7 g/dL, 1.7–4.2 pg, 2–9 fL, and 13–25 ng/mL, respectively. IRIDA is only partially responsive to parenteral iron supplementation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the response to intravenous iron therapy for the URIDA cases improved blood parameters more effectively than hereditary IRIDA. Response to parenteral iron therapy would be helpful to distinguish unexplained refractory IDA from hereditary IRIDA for clinicians who do not have access to hepcidin or TMPRS6 mutation analysis.
Abortion in modern health care: Considering the issues for health‐care professionals
Authors: Smyth Dawn , Lane Paula 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis paper explores the challenging and contentious issue of abortion and its ethical, legal and political significance regarding public health. It is intended as an educational guide for health‐care professionals. A comprehensive search strategy of international health, law and political source materials was undertaken in order to benchmark from international approaches to abortion. Test cases illustrate the application of legislation, ethical, political and cultural issues surrounding abortion. Abortion is a complex contemporary issue where balancing the well‐being of both the mother and the unborn has prompted considerable international discourse. The right to life of the woman and the unborn continues to lie in tension. Ambiguity surrounds the concept of personhood, and the inception of human life prevails across many International jurisdictions. Health‐care professionals must be well informed in order to respond safely and appropriately to a diverse range of clinical scenarios in which decisions regarding abortion are required. Research and evidence of test cases will better inform how abortion issues evolve and are managed. Ultimately, the abortion debate requires a balance between legislation and clinical governance.
Exploring family‐centered care for children living with HIV and AIDS in Nigeria
Authors: Achema Godwin , Ncama Busisiwe P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAimTo explored the role of family‐centered care in supporting children living with HIV and AIDS in Nigeria.MethodsA qualitative research design was adopted for this study with a grounded theory approach. Children aged between 11 and 14 years living with HIV and AIDS, their caregivers, and nurse practitioners working in the HIV clinic were engaged in separate focus group discussions in two hospitals in Nigeria.ResultsThe findings showed that the value African families place on children plays a significant role in identifying their care needs and providing their basic necessities; hence, people around the sick child tend to make him feel better, as attested by nurse practitioners and caregiver participants. Nurse practitioner participants cited unified families as providing care support and love to the children and the support needed to alleviate their sicknesses. Children participants confirmed that family members/relatives were always at their disposal to provide supportive care in terms of administrating antiretroviral medication as well as other psychological care; although a few participants indicated that disruption in family structures in resource‐poor settings, isolation and withdrawal, and deprivation of care due to poverty threatened the care rendered to the children.ConclusionThe study highlighted the value attached to children in the African context as helping family members to identify the care needs of children living with HIV and AIDS; thereby providing succor to alleviate their sicknesses and enhance their quality of life.
Family members’ lived experiences of everyday life after intensive care treatment of a loved one: a phenomenological hermeneutical study
Authors: Frivold Gro , Slettebø Åshild , Dale Bjørg 
Published: January 2016

Aims and ObjectivesTo illuminate relatives’ experiences of everyday life after a loved one's stay in an intensive care unit.BackgroundRelatives of intensive care patients experience considerable stress that can have a long‐lasting effect on their everyday lives. Relatives frequently report anxiety, depression and complicated grief as a result of their experiences in the intensive care unit.DesignA qualitative design was chosen.MethodsThirteen relatives were interviewed 3 months to 1 year after the discharge or death of an intensive care unit patient. A phenomenological hermeneutical method was used to explore family members’ lived experiences upon returning home after their loved ones’ stay in the intensive care unit.ResultsTwo themes emerged from the analysis of the data: (1) changes in everyday life and emotional reactions, and (2) managing changes and need of support and follow‐up from the ICU.ConclusionsFamily members experience changes in emotions, roles and responsibilities after returning home. They must maintain control of themselves and adapt to the changes to face the future. They cope by using their personal resources and support from others. Some are in further need of follow‐up from the intensive care unit staff.Relevance to clinical practiceNursing education could focus increasingly more on the significance of communication and personal support, which helps family members cope during patients’ stay and experience a sense of personal strength when returning home. Further research should address how to identify and support those with special needs after the intensive care unit stay.
Understanding nurses' decision‐making when managing weaning from mechanical ventilation: a study of novice and experienced critical care nurses in Scotland and Greece
Authors: Kydonaki Kalliopi , Huby Guro , Tocher Jennifer , Aitken Leanne M 
Published: January 2016

Aim and objectivesTo examine how nurses collect and use cues from respiratory assessment to inform their decisions as they wean patients from ventilatory support.BackgroundPrompt and accurate identification of the patient's ability to sustain reduction of ventilatory support has the potential to increase the likelihood of successful weaning. Nurses' information processing during the weaning from mechanical ventilation has not been well‐described.DesignA descriptive ethnographic study exploring critical care nurses' decision‐making processes when weaning mechanically ventilated patients from ventilatory support in the real setting.MethodsNovice and expert Scottish and Greek nurses from two tertiary intensive care units were observed in real practice of weaning mechanical ventilation and were invited to participate in reflective interviews near the end of their shift. Data were analysed thematically using concept maps based on information processing theory. Ethics approval and informed consent were obtained.ResultsScottish and Greek critical care nurses acquired patient‐centred objective physiological and subjective information from respiratory assessment and previous knowledge of the patient, which they clustered around seven concepts descriptive of the patient's ability to wean. Less experienced nurses required more encounters of cues to attain the concepts with certainty. Subjective criteria were intuitively derived from previous knowledge of patients' responses to changes of ventilatory support. All nurses used focusing decision‐making strategies to select and group cues in order to categorise information with certainty and reduce the mental strain of the decision task.ConclusionsNurses used patient‐centred information to make a judgment about the patients' ability to wean. Decision‐making strategies that involve categorisation of patient‐centred information can be taught in bespoke educational programmes for mechanical ventilation and weaning.Relevance to clinical practiceAdvanced clinical reasoning skills and accurate detection of cues in respiratory assessment by critical care nurses will ensure optimum patient management in weaning mechanical ventilation.
Gradual improvement of hyperammonemic hepatic encephalopathy after the extirpation of a large uterine leiomyoma in a woman with constipation and liver cirrhosis resulting from autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Kunitomo Koutaro , Ohkuchi Akihide , Matsumoto Satohiro , Wada Masafumi , Himeno Ryuichi , Sakamoto Tatsuyoshi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThere have been few reports regarding the improvement of hyperammonemic hepatic encephalopathy after the extirpation of a large uterine leiomyoma. We present a case of a 53‐year‐old postmenopausal woman who experienced a clouding of consciousness. She had been suffering from mild hepatitis and a large uterine leiomyoma. On admission, she had experienced constipation for seven days and exhibited a high serum ammonia level (251 μg/dL). She was diagnosed with liver cirrhosis as a result of autoimmune hepatitis, combined with Sjögren's syndrome. A total hysterectomy was performed 29 days after admission. Severe diarrhea lasted for three days after surgery. By the sixth postoperative day, the patient's consciousness level had normalized and her serum ammonia level had fallen to 47 μg/dL. Although the true mechanism of hyperammonemia in this case is unclear, we speculate that organic constipation following chronic obstruction of the colon might have played a role in the development of the condition.