bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ideology and resistance in young people's experiences of health under the ‘imperative of enjoyment’
Authors: Vitus Kathrine 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article explores upper secondary school students’ understandings and experiences of health in Denmark, where public health promotions appeal to pleasure. Health promotion thereby taps into capitalist society's ‘imperative of enjoyment’, which reproduces ideological fantasies about the fulfilment of desires through the consumption of health. Based on qualitative empirical material produced through participatory and visual methods during fieldwork conducted in 2012, the analysis shows that relations between healthiness and pleasure are conflated and paradoxical: the students try to fit into society not only by being healthy, but also by enjoying healthiness; but if they fail pleasure, they fail healthiness and experience a loss of individual social value. Although the ‘enjoyment society’ has the potential to produce individualisation and marginalisation, the students in this study actively attempt to subvert its double bind by insisting that collective experiences with peers constitutes the foundation of enjoyable healthiness. Nevertheless, public health promotions that reproduce enjoyment as an imperative, even in the pursuit of health, risk reinforcing young people's resistance towards health.
Accounting for uncertainty in duplicate identification and group size judgements in mark–recapture distance sampling
Authors: Hamilton Olivia N. P. , Kincaid Sophie E. , Constantine Rochelle , Kozmian‐Ledward Lily , Walker Cameron G. , Fewster Rachel M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMark–recapture distance sampling (MRDS) surveys with two independent observers are widely used to estimate wildlife population abundance. The analysis relies on accurate identification of duplicate sightings common to both observers, and correct judgements of group size, both of which are hard to achieve for species that exhibit complex grouping patterns.In this paper, we examine the impact of these sources of uncertainty on bias and precision of abundance estimates, using a case study of 22 aerial surveys of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) in the Hauraki Gulf, New Zealand. We develop a novel probabilistic method to identify duplicate observations, and account for various sources of uncertainty using a simulation‐intensive approach.For our case study, identifying duplicates using reasonable but arbitrary thresholds of time and angle discrepancies created a range of abundance estimates differing by up to 20%, whereas our novel threshold‐free probabilistic analysis returned an estimate roughly central to this range. Uncertainty in group size made a smaller impact of up to 5% on abundance estimates. All analysis choices returned similar values for the coefficient of variation, from 20 to 23%.Generating robust estimates of abundance, and accounting for all associated sources of uncertainty, is critical for informing conservation management. Our novel approach provides a way to eliminate arbitrary decisions associated with MRDS, and account for a wider range of uncertainties. Our method allows for the reliable application of MRDS to a wider range of terrestrial and marine species, and will be a useful tool for producing robust abundance estimates for species that exhibit complex grouping patterns.
Accuracy of the Defining Characteristics of the Nursing Diagnosis Hypothermia in Newborns
Authors: de Aquino Wislla Ketlly Menezes , Lopes Marcos Venícios de Oliveira , da Silva Viviane Martins , Fróes Nathaly Bianka Moraes , de Menezes Angélica Paixão , Almeida Aline de Aquino Peres , Sobreira Bianca Alves 
Published: September 2017

PURPOSETo analyze the accuracy of the defining characteristics of hypothermia in newborns and to verify associations between defining characteristics and clinical variables.METHODSA cross‐sectional accuracy study with statistical analysis.FINDINGSSlow capillary refill, decrease in ventilation, peripheral vasoconstriction, and insufficient weight gain were the defining characteristics with the highest specificity values, while slow gastric emptying, skin cool to touch, irritability, and bradycardia were the defining characteristics with the highest values for both sensitivity and specificity.CONCLUSIONSlow gastric emptying, skin cool to touch, irritability, and bradycardia are good clinical indicators to infer initial stages of hypothermia and to confirm its presence.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEAccuracy measures may contribute to the improvement of the diagnostic inferential process.OBJETIVOAnalisar acurácia das características definidoras de Hipotermia em recém‐nascidos e identificar a associação delas com variáveis clínicas.MÉTODOEstudo de acurácia transversal com análise estatística.RESULTADOSPreenchimento capilar lento, diminuição da ventilação, vasoconstrição periférica e ganho de peso insuficiente apresentaram valores altos de especificidade enquanto esvaziamento gástrico lento, pele fria, irritabilidade e bradicardia apresentaram valores elevados de sensibilidade e especificidade.CONCLUSÃOEsvaziamento gástrico lento, pele fria, irritabilidade e bradicardia são úteis para inferir estágios iniciais de hipotermia e para confirmação diagnóstica.IMPLICAÇÕES PARA PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEMMedidas de acurácia podem contribuir para o processo de inferência do diagnóstico hipotermia.
Implementation and Preliminary Clinical Outcomes of a Pharmacist‐managed Venous Thromboembolism Clinic for Patients Treated With Rivaroxaban Post Emergency Department Discharge
Authors: DiRenzo Baely M. , Beam Daren M. , Kline Jeffrey A. , Deodhar Karishma S. , Weber Zachary A. , Davis Christie M. , Walroth Todd A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective was to describe the implementation, work flow, and differences in outcomes between a pharmacist‐managed clinic for the outpatient treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) using a non‐vitamin K oral anticoagulant versus care by a primary care provider (PCP).MethodsPatients in the studied health system that are diagnosed with low‐risk VTE in the emergency department are often discharged without hospital admission. These patients are treated with a non‐vitamin K oral anticoagulant and follow‐up either in a pharmacist‐managed VTE clinic or with their PCP. Pharmacists in the VTE clinic work independently under a collaborative practice agreement (CPA). An evaluation of 34 patients, 17 in each treatment arm, was conducted to compare the differences in treatment‐related outcomes of rivaroxaban when managed by a pharmacist versus a PCP.ResultsThe primary endpoint was a 6‐month composite of anticoagulation treatment‐related complications that included a diagnosis of major bleeding, recurrent thromboembolism, or fatality due to either major bleeding or recurrent thromboembolism. Secondary endpoints included number of hospitalizations, adverse events, and medication adherence. There was no difference in the primary endpoint between groups with one occurrence of the composite endpoint in each treatment arm (p = 1.000), both of which were recurrent thromboembolic events. Medication adherence assessment was formally performed in eight patients in the pharmacist group versus no patients in the control group. No differences were seen among other secondary endpoints.ConclusionsThe pharmacist‐managed clinic is a novel expansion of clinical pharmacy services that treats patients with low‐risk VTEs with rivaroxaban in the outpatient setting. The evaluation of outcomes provides support that pharmacist‐managed care utilizing standardized protocols under a CPA may be as safe as care by a PCP.
Smoking cessation and response to periodontal treatment
Authors: Alexandridi F , Tsantila S , Pepelassi E 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSmoking has detrimental oral effects. The aim of this study was to review the literature related to the impact of smoking cessation on periodontal health, periodontal disease and periodontal treatment outcome as well as to review the smoking cessation strategies and the dentist's role in the smoking cessation effort. Smoking cessation seems to have a positive effect on the periodontium, to decrease the risk for incidence and progression of periodontitis and to lead to a non‐significant trend for greater mean probing depth reductions after non‐surgical treatment over a 12‐month period. Smoking cessation effect on the periodontium should be further investigated. Dentists should inform their patients on the harmful effect of smoking and the beneficial effect of smoking cessation on oral health. They should advise, motivate and support their patients to quit smoking. Smoking‐control strategies should be incorporated in dental practise. The dentist's role in the smoking cessation effort is important. Guidelines on smoking‐control strategies applied in the dental office are required.
Survival outcomes in elderly men undergoing radical prostatectomy in Australia
Authors: Ranasinghe Weranja , Wang Luke L. , Persad Raj , Bolton Damien , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Sengupta Shomik 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundTo investigate the outcomes of patients older than 75 years of age in Victoria undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer.MethodsData on all men undergoing radical prostatectomy in Victoria between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2014 were obtained from the Victorian Cancer Registry. Tumour characteristics including Gleason grade, stage of disease and cause of death were obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using chi‐squared test, Cox proportional hazards method and Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsA total of 14 686 men underwent radical prostatectomy during the defined period, with a median follow‐up of 58 months. Of these, 332 were men over the age of 75. All parameters are comparisons between patients >75 years of age and men <75 years of age. Men >75 years had a higher proportion of Gleason grade ≥8 disease (16.6% versus 11.4%, P < 0.001) but had similar stage of disease. Men >75 years had lower rates of 5‐ and 10‐year overall survival (67.3% versus 96.3% and 27.7% versus 89.1%) and lower rates of 5‐ and 10‐year prostate cancer‐specific survival (96.2% versus 99.3% and 94.3% versus 97.4%), respectively. Age was an independent risk factor for prostate cancer specific and overall mortality on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 1.32–1.68; P < 0.001 and hazard ratio 4.26, 95% confidence interval 2.15–8.42; P < 0.001), when adjusted for stage and grade.ConclusionOlder men undergoing radical prostatectomy in Victoria had higher‐grade disease but similar stage. Age was an independent risk factor for worse prostate cancer‐specific and overall survival.
High birth rates despite easy access to contraception and abortion: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hognert Helena , Skjeldestad Finn E. , Gemzell‐Danielsson Kristina , Heikinheimo Oskari , Milsom Ian , Lidegaard Øjvind , Lindh Ingela 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study was to describe and compare contraceptive use, fertility, birth, and abortion rates in the Nordic countries.Material and methodsNational data on births, abortions, fertility rate (1975–2013), redeemed prescriptions of hormonal contraceptives and sales figures of copper intrauterine devices (2008–2013) among women 15–49 years of age in the Nordic countries were collected and analyzed.ResultsUse of hormonal contraceptives and copper intrauterine devices varied between 31 and 44%. The highest use was in Denmark (39–44%) and Sweden (40–42%). Combined hormonal contraception followed by the levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system were the most common methods. During 1975–2013 abortion rates decreased in Denmark (from 27/1000 women to 15/1000 women aged 15–44/1000 women) and Finland (from 20 to 10/1000 women), remained stable in Norway (≈16) and Sweden (≈20) and increased in Iceland (from 6 to 15/1000 women). Birth rates remained stable around 60/1000 women aged 15–44 in all countries except for Iceland where the birth rate decreased from 95 to 65/1000 women. Abortion rates were highest in the age group 20–24 years. In the same age group, Sweden had a lower contraceptive use (51%) compared with Denmark (59%) and Norway (56%) and a higher abortion rate 33/1000 compared with Denmark (25/1000) and Norway (27/1000).ConclusionsIn contrast to the declining average fertility and birth rates in Europe, rates in the Nordic countries remain high and stable despite high contraceptive use and liberal access to abortion on women's request.
Outcomes of severe uveitic glaucoma treated with Baerveldt implant: can blindness be prevented?
Authors: Tan Annelie N. , Cornelissen Michiel F. , Webers Carroll A. B. , Erckens Roel J. , Berendschot Tos T. J. M. , Beckers Henny J. M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate long‐term outcomes on efficacy and safety of severe uveitic glaucoma treated with a Baerveldt glaucoma implant (BGI).MethodsA retrospective study of 47 eyes of 47 patients with uveitic glaucoma treated by a BGI between September 2002 and September 2015. Main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, course of the uveitis, visual acuity (VA) and complications.ResultsMean IOP dropped from 30.6 ± 8.1 mmHg with 3.6 ± 1.1 glaucoma medications at baseline to 10.6 ± 4.3 mmHg with 1.0 ± 1.3 glaucoma medications after a mean follow‐up of 63.6 ± 43.1 months. In the majority of cases, IOP remained stable during follow‐up. However, especially in several patients with viral uveitis, episodes with IOP peaks were observed during a flare‐up despite a functioning implant. These peaks remained below preoperative levels. During follow‐up, 16 patients (34%) experienced a clinically significant VA loss, mainly because of late‐stage glaucoma or hypotony maculopathy. Early postoperative complications were transient choroidal effusion (n = 5), shallow/flat anterior chamber (n = 4), hyphaema (n = 2) and suprachoroidal haemorrhage (n = 1). The most important late postoperative complication was hypotony maculopathy (n = 5), three of these in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients.ConclusionThe BGI is an effective and safe treatment for patients with refractive secondary glaucoma due to uveitis. In a majority of patients, VA remains stable and a low and stable IOP is maintained over time with an acceptable number of complications. In particular, patients with viral uveitis and glaucoma should be closely monitored for IOP peaks that may occur during episodes of a flare‐up of uveitis, whereas at the other end of the spectrum, patients with JIA seem much more prone to hypotony maculopathy.
Relationship between Optimum Mini‐doses of Glucagon and Insulin Levels when Treating Mild Hypoglycaemia in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes – A Simulation Study
Authors: Ranjan Ajenthen , Wendt Sabrina L. , Schmidt Signe , Madsbad Sten , Holst Jens J. , Madsen Henrik , Knudsen Carsten B. , Jørgensen John B. , Nørgaard Kirsten 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHypoglycaemia remains the main limiting factor in type 1 diabetes management. We developed an insulin‐dependent glucagon dosing regimen for treatment of mild hypoglycaemia based on simulations. A validated glucose–insulin–glucagon model was used to describe seven virtual patients with insulin pump‐treated type 1 diabetes. In each simulation, one of ten different and individualized subcutaneous insulin boluses was administered to decrease plasma glucose (PG) from 7.0 to ≤3.9 mmol/l. Insulin levels were estimated as ratio of actual to baseline serum insulin concentration (se/ba‐insulin), insulin on board (IOB) or percentage of IOB to total daily insulin dose (IOB/TDD). Insulin bolus sizes were chosen to provide pre‐defined insulin levels when PG reached 3.9 mmol/l, where one of 17 subcutaneous glucagon boluses was administered. Optimum glucagon bolus to treat mild hypoglycaemia at varying insulin levels was the lowest dose that in most patients caused PG peak between 5.0 and 10.0 mmol/l and sustained PG ≥ 3.9 mmol/l for 2 hr after the bolus. PG response to glucagon declined with increasing insulin levels. The glucagon dose to optimally treat mild hypoglycaemia depended exponentially on insulin levels, regardless of how insulin was estimated. A 125‐μg glucagon dose was needed to optimally treat mild hypoglycaemia when insulin levels were equal to baseline levels. In contrast, glucagon doses >500 μg were needed when se/ba‐insulin >2.5, IOB >2.0 U or IOB/TDD >6%. Although the proposed model‐based glucagon regimen needs confirmation in clinical trials, this is the first attempt to develop an insulin‐dependent glucagon dosing regimen for treatment of insulin‐induced mild hypoglycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Family support and gains in school readiness: A longitudinal study
Authors: Hughes Claire , White Naomi , Foley Sarah , Devine Rory T. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundTraditional measures of school readiness are labour‐intensive and do not assess family support.AimsThe current study used the newly developed Brief Early Skills and Support Index (BESSI: Hughes, Daly, Foley, White and Devine 2015) to examine 6‐month longitudinal stability and change in teachers’ ratings of young children's school readiness and investigate the role of family support as a predictor of school readiness.SampleFive hundred and seventy‐eight children (270 boys; 74.2% White British) were included at Time 1 aged 2.58–5.84 years (Mage = 3.98 years, SD = 0.66).MethodTeachers and nursery workers completed BESSI questionnaires for each participant on two occasions separated by 6 months.ResultsThe four latent factors of the BESSI (i.e., Behavioural Adjustment, Language and Cognition, Daily Living Skills and Family Support) exhibited longitudinal measurement invariance and individual differences in ratings on each factor showed strong stability over time. BESSI ratings were also sensitive to improvements over time. Auto‐regressive models showed that family support and family income (as measured by eligibility for pupil premium support) at Time 1 each uniquely predicted child outcomes at Time 2.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of family contexts for children's school readiness.
Robot‐assisted kidney transplantation: comparison of the first 40 cases of open vs robot‐assisted transplantations by a single surgeon
Authors: Tuğcu Volkan , Şener Nevzat Can , Şahin Selçuk , Yavuzsan Abdullah H. , Akbay Fatih G. , Apaydın Süheyla 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of the first 40 patients to undergo robot‐assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT) with those of the first 40 patients who underwent open KT (OKT) by a single surgeon at the Dr Sadi Konuk Training Hospital.Patients and MethodsWe prospectively collected the data of the first 40 patients to undergo RAKT between January 2016 and February 2017 (RAKT group), and compared them with the first 40 patients to undergo OKT between November 2010 and April 2015 (OKT group). Comparisons were made using one‐way analysis of variance or the Kruskal–Wallis test for continuous variables, and the chi‐squared or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables.ResultsThere were 40 patients in both the RAKT and OKT groups. In the RAKT group, the mean (SD) operative time was 265.375 (46.63) min, total ischaemia time was 96.7 (30.02) min, re‐warming time was 54.70 (17.80) min, and estimated blood loss (EBL) was 182.25 (55.26) mL. Whilst in the OKT group the mean (SD) operative time was 250.25 (41) min (P = 0.129), total ischaemia time was 71.79 (8.55) min (P < 0.01), re‐warming time was 37.30 (4.07) min (P < 0.001), and EBL was 210.75 (28.96) mL (P = 0.005). At 12–24 h postoperatively, linear visual analogue scale pain scores were significantly lower in the RAKT group (P < 0.001), and the RAKT group had a significantly shorter drain withdrawal time, at a mean (SD) of 3.45 (0.93) vs 7.67 (2.11) days in the OKT group (P < 0.001).ConclusionSatisfactory functional outcomes can be achieved by either OKT or RAKT. However, the latter technique seems to have some advantages over the former in that it is less invasive, results in less pain postoperatively, has a shorter drain withdrawal time, and has the potential for fewer complications.
Prospective comparison of transperineal magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasonography fusion biopsy and transrectal systematic biopsy in biopsy‐naïve patients
Authors: Borkowetz Angelika , Hadaschik Boris , Platzek Ivan , Toma Marieta , Torsev Georgi , Renner Theresa , Herout Roman , Baunacke Martin , Laniado Michael , Baretton Gustavo , Radtke Jan Philipp , Kesch Claudia , Hohenfellner Markus , Froehner Michael , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Wirth Manfred , Zastrow Stefan 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo evaluate the value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) in the detection of significant prostate cancer (PCa) and to compare transperineal MRI/ultrasonography fusion biopsy (fusPbx) with conventional transrectal systematic biopsy (sysPbx) in biopsy‐naïve patients.Patients and MethodsThis multicentre, prospective trial investigated biopsy‐naïve patients with suspicion of PCa undergoing transperineal fusPbx in combination with transrectal sysPbx (comPbx). The primary outcome was the detection of significant PCa, defined as Gleason pattern 4 or 5. We analysed the results after a study period of 2 years.ResultsThe study included 214 patients. The median (range) number of targeted and systematic cores was 6 (2–15) and 12 (6–18), respectively. The overall PCa detection rate of comPbx was 52%. FusPbx detected more PCa than sysPbx (47% vs 43%; P = 0.15). The detection rate of significant PCa was 38% for fusPbx and 35% for sysPbx (P = 0.296). The rate of missed significant PCa was 14% in fusPbx and 21% in sysPbx. ComPbx detected significantly more significant PCa than fusPbx and sysPbx alone (44% vs 38% vs 35%; P < 0.005). In patients presenting with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) 4 and 5 lesions there was a higher detection rate of significant PCa than in patients presenting with PI‐RADS ≤3 lesions in comPbx (61% vs 14%; P < 0.005).ConclusionsFor biopsy‐naïve men with tumour‐suspicious lesions in mpMRI, the combined approach outperformed both fusPbx and sysPbx in the detection of overall PCa and significant PCa. Thus, biopsy‐naïve patients may benefit from sysPbx in combination with mpMRI targeted fusPbx.