bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Illegal hunting: history and modernity
Authors: Makhmutova Liliia Rinatovna 
Published: October 2024

Conservation of natural resources and rational use of natural resources is a priority within the framework of the National Security Strategy. In recent years, there has been an alarming trend towards an increase in poaching, especially in regions with a low level of economy and particularly rich natural resources. This article provides a historical sketch of the development of legal norms governing hunting issues and an analysis of modern legislation in the field of hunting. The review of judicial practice of bringing persons to responsibility for illegal hunting is given. A number of preventive methods to combat this crime are also being introduced. Thus, the problem of preventing illegal hunting is complex and requires an integrated approach when studying it. The subject of this work is the analysis and coverage of the history of the emergence and development of hunting legislation. Namely, its applied significance, which became the basis for the design of legal relations in this area. The research is based on general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition, which made it possible to analyze and synthesize knowledge about the evolution of hunting legislation. The method of comparative historical jurisprudence made it possible to determine the nature of legal relations in various periods, starting from Ancient Russia. Previously, the legislation regulating relations regarding hunting resources was of an economic nature and regulated contractual relations in order to obtain benefits. Currently, a large block of legislation is devoted to the rules for the use of hunting resources in order to preserve them, increase them and preserve their role in maintaining the stability of ecosystems. During the analysis, a number of modern acts were examined, which allowed us to draw the following conclusions: today it is advisable to update strategies to combat illegal hunting. It requires significant financial, human and time resources. In addition to the revision of hunting legislation, it is necessary to use new technologies for monitoring and protecting wildlife, as well as active cooperation between various levels and areas of public authority. And also to convey the importance of protecting natural resources, including the protection of wildlife, to the legal consciousness of citizens.
The "state approach" to the study of international non-governmental organizations in modern political science
Authors: Gurkovskii Aleksandr Andreevich 
Published: October 2024

The subject of the research is the methodological approaches used in modern political science studies of international non-governmental organizations (INGOs). The emphasis is placed on the "state approach", which has received much less scientific attention to date than other methodological "platforms". This approach is based on two statements: 1) the effectiveness of INGOs is often determined not by their independence, but by strict accountability to the patron States; 2) INGOs are often created not independently, based on independent regulatory and professional standards, but externally in order to realize the interests and priorities of the patron states. In other words, states act as patrons, and INGOs are agents who solve the tasks of patrons. The study applied the provisions and conclusions of theories related in one way or another to the activities of modern INGOs: theories of network interaction of INGOs, transcalar activity of INGOs, structural limits of the INGOs power. The article attempts to classify existing approaches in INGOs research ("cosmopolitan", "national", "state"); to substantiate the productivity and value of the "state approach" (INGOs are considered as subordinate actors who adhere to the mission and interests of their patrons); to identify the main directions of critical analysis of their activities (INGOs, related with states, are often inefficient in strengthening civil society; characterized by latent nature of activities and a low level of legitimacy). It is concluded that relations between states and INGOs often take the form of a "patron-agent" and and characterized as: "conspiracy", "adaptability", "grassroots control", "geographical shift".
Russia's turn to the East: achievements, problems and prospects
Authors: El'nikova Yuliya Vasil'evna 
Published: October 2024

The article presents conclusions from the analysis of the formation and development of the concept of "turning to the East" in Russian foreign policy. The risks associated with the reorientation of Russian policy to the East in the context of the geopolitical situation in the period from 2022 to 2024 are investigated. Among them, there is a lack of experience of Russia's participation in the processes of regionalization of East Asia, a wary attitude on the part of a number of countries in the region due to their perception of Russia as a non-Asian country, as well as the presence of West-centrist thinking in the Russian political elite and a bias in Russian policy towards China in both the economic and political and diplomatic spheres. The purpose of the study was to study the real dynamics of relations between Russia and the countries of the Asia-Pacific region after the start of a special military operation and to reveal the main prospects and threats of such cooperation for Russia. The research methodology is based on a systematic analysis of the subject area using the methods of political science, economic theory, documentation and source studies. The author has studied the changes in Russia's national security strategy, identified the problems existing in this area, and made assumptions about the prospects of Russian policy in the eastern direction. It is shown that the main purpose of changing the course of the "turn to the East" is not only to increase the volume of trade and economic cooperation, but also to expand Russia's political and financial presence in the "Greater Asia" region. Russia's priority task is to attract foreign direct investment from this region, use the territories of advanced development to create new high-tech industries, deepen and expand international relations with all Asian countries. In this context, it is necessary for Russia to develop long-term strategies for the development of mutually beneficial relations with major Asian partners on a bilateral basis, based on a clear understanding of the importance of each of these states for Russia's national interests.
The main aspects of the introduction of conscription in Russia at the beginning of the XVIII century
Authors: Demina Irina Aleksandrovna 
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the main aspects of the introduction of conscription in Russia at the beginning of the XVIII century during the reign of Peter the Great, the prerequisites for reform, its implementation, legislative framework and results are considered. The main attention is paid to the sources and dating of the introduction of conscription. The analysis of the formation of a regular army recruitment system, its regularity, numerical and class composition is carried out, the concepts of "recruits" and "date soldiers" are disclosed. The Decree of Peter the Great of February 20, 1705, its execution, extension and results are considered in detail. From 1705 to 1709, five large sets were conducted from all cities of the Moscow State with a period of one year. In the period from 1710 to 1711, recruitment was mainly carried out from the population of Moscow and adjacent counties. Changes in the organizational structure of recruitment were associated with the establishment of a new territorial division and government agencies. The local order was still in charge of recruiting. The main source is the "Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire" (The first Collection), published in 1830 in St. Petersburg. The introduction of conscription should not be regarded as a one-time act, this system began to take shape in 1699, its base was formed by 1705, and finally, after all the changes and transformations, it entered the state system by 1711. With the introduction of conscription, desertion has become a mass phenomenon, while being the main form of social protest (passive). The government's measures aimed at toughening the punishment for fugitives, apparently, did not save them from escapes. The most effective solution to this problem was the introduction of bail for fellow soldiers and relatives of the recruit. Conscription became one of the cheapest methods of recruiting the army, as it did not require serious expenses for the material stimulation of soldiers and ensuring their livelihoods. The costs of recruiting and training recruits were reduced as much as possible by using the resources of government agencies involved in recruitment, in parallel with the main type of activity.
The evolution of the mentality of the military estates in the era of late feudalism
Authors: Kutishchev Aleksandr Vasil'evich 
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is the moral and psychological readiness of the Western European and Russian nobility for war and military service. The Western European military estate is regarded as the successor of medieval chivalry, which inherited its high moral and combat values. In the XVI – XVIII centuries, faced with the threat of ruin, it was forced to link its fate more closely with the army. Relying on the testimonies of contemporaries, the author argues that military service and war gradually became the main sources of a decent existence, while peaceful conditions brought the nobility need and stagnation. The economic situation in Eastern Europe was different. The local serf economy provided the Russian nobleman with modest but stable prosperity. Conversely, military service distracted the landowner from farming and undermined his well-being. Relying on the comparative – analytical method, the author provides a comparison of the mentality of the domestic and Western European military estates. Chronologically, the article covers the period of late feudalism. The scientific novelty lies in the identification of general and special moral and psychological qualities in the portrait of the military estates, as well as in their differentiation in relation to the main type of activity, to war and military affairs. The moral and combat qualities of military estates are studied in the process of evolution under the influence of cultural and civilizational factors of the epoch. The author concludes that military service and war were the main sources of existence of the Western European nobility, while peaceful conditions brought him only need and stagnation. Cultural and civilizational specifics determined the disposition of the Western European nobility to war and military service, formed in it the corresponding moral and combat qualities.The Moscow military estate was burdened by the service and perceived it as a heavy burden. Peter the Great made an attempt to inspire "serving people" with Western European moral and martial values, which only partially displaced traditional views and ideas. The moral antipathy to military service developed over the centuries, as well as the rejection of war, became the main mental feature that distinguished the Russian military estate from the natural militancy of the Western European nobility.
The experience of the development of private museums in Russia in the context of public-private partnership in the 1990s- 2020s.
Authors: Kostitsyn Stanislav  Sergeevich 
Published: October 2024

The subject of this research is the state and prospects of development of private museums in Russia in the 1990s–2020s. The object of the study is a public-private partnership (PPP) as a tool for interaction between public authorities and business in the implementation of museum projects. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the main directions of interaction between public authorities and business on the issue of investing in museum facilities, trends in the development of public-private partnership. Special attention is paid to the prospects of its development in the museum sector in terms of the joint implementation of museum projects, their evaluation and selection based on the principle of effectiveness for the subjects of the Russian Federation. It is emphasized that the model where the state and business interact on equal terms occupies an important place in the understanding of modern social relations. The methodological basis of the research consists of the principles of historicism, scientific objectivity, consistency and complexity, which allow us to explore the experience and current problems of the development of private museums in Russia in the context of public-private partnership as a complex problem, analyzing the factual material in its entirety and interrelationship. The main conclusions of the study are the peculiarities of the development of private museums in Russia in the context of the development of public-private partnership over the past three decades. A special contribution of the authors to the research of the topic is a comprehensive analysis of the prospects for the development of public-private partnership in the Russian museum sector, their generalization and systematization on the principle of the need to take into account in medium-term planning the development of a centralized system for collecting and informing about museum projects at the federal and regional levels; the development of regulatory frameworks that affect not only the development of management decisions to ensure projects, but also the selection of staff to accompany museum projects. The novelty of the research lies in rethinking the conceptual foundations, trends and key areas of development of private museums in Russia in the context of public-private partnership.
The text of mass communication in the modern media cultural space
Authors: Kuptsova Irina Aleksandrovna , Vladimirova Tatyana Nikolaevna 
Published: October 2024

The article presents an analysis of various theoretical and methodological approaches to determining the essence and content of modern mass culture, media culture, media text and media education. The key role of the axiological approach in the creation of media texts distributed by mass media is revealed. The structure of media texts is considered in the context of the value-semantic aspect of their creation and representation. Using the example of photography, the process of creating modern media texts and their role in the structure of mass communication is analyzed. Separately, the issue related to the development of artificial intelligence as a means of creating and replicating media products in the context of the dominance of new media was raised. Media education is presented as a system of training media professionals and ordinary users to interact in the context of digital media communications. The special role of the value approach in the formation of media professionals is noted. The methodology of the research is determined by an axiological approach in combination with a system-functional and semantic analysis of the stated problems. The main conclusions of the article are the following : 1. mass culture acts as a condition for the development of mass communication media and determines the nature and content of the media texts represented; 2. mass communication media form a global sphere - media space, which is characterized by transformational processes caused by the development of new media 3. texts of mass communication in the modern media space are created by both media professionals and users who do not have special training. At the same time, the share of content created without the participation of professionals dominates the media space; 4. Neural networks act as a new type of "authors" of media content, creating both text materials and visual content, the quality of which is rapidly improving, competing with professional materials; 5. Media education plays a key role in training not only media professionals, but also any user. It should be based on a value-semantic approach that determines the content of the created media materials and the choice of ways to distribute them.
Naming of characters in computer game discourse as a factor in the development of translingualism and transculturality in the world (based on the material of the game Genshin Impact)
Authors: Timofeeva Marta Nikolaevna , Fedyurko Alina Artemovna 
Published: October 2024

This article examines the influence of video games on the interpenetration of world languages and cultures. The object of the study is video game discourse. The subject is the naming of video game characters as an element of the development of translingualism and transculturalism in the world. The material of the study is an onymic of one of the most popular video games – Genshin Impact. The author examines such aspects of the topic as the emergence of key research concepts – translingualism and transculturality, video games as an artistic text, mechanisms for translating cultural values and linguistic features of a global audience through naming and the consequences of their impact on the linguistic picture of the world of gamers.The purpose of the study is to analyze the naming of the Genshin Impact video game as one of the mechanisms for the spread of translingualism and transculturality, which determines the formulation of the following tasks: 1) identification of the principles of naming Genshin Impact characters and their classification; 2) selection of names of Genshin Impact characters to illustrate the highlighted naming strategies; 3) consideration of the influence of game naming on the linguistic personalities of gamers. The following methods were used in the study: a functional analysis of the mechanisms of "naming" the characters of the video game Genshin Impact, a selection of character names, an analysis of the influence of naming the game on the linguistic personalities of the players. The relevance of the research is due to the study of translinguism and transculturalism – important phenomena of modernity due to changes in the structure of society and the dynamics of cultural processes. The analysis of the names of the characters in the game Genshin Impact, which is an example of a transcultural product, will reveal how the linguistic and cultural features of naming affect the perception of the game world and form multicultural competence among players. The research will reveal the mechanisms of translation of cultural values and linguistic features through naming in the context of a global audience, which is important for understanding the process of cultural exchange in the modern world. During the experiment, we obtained the following results: 1) there are four strategies for nominating Genshin Impact heroes: reflecting the appearance of characters, precedent phenomena, unique game mechanics, as well as tracing paper; 2) the names of heroes reflect the linguistic and cultural realities of different countries (China, Japan, Germany, etc.); 3) naming the Genshin Impact video game promotes the development of translingualism and transculturality of players from different countries.
On the question of the dialectic of scientific knowledge in Russian philosophy: the problem of the relationship between reflection and rationality
Authors: Sverguzov Anver Tyafikovich 
Published: October 2024

The subject of the study is the interrelation of the phenomena of reflection and rationality in the structure of the mechanisms of scientific cognition. The results obtained within the framework of Russian philosophy in different periods of its development – the Soviet and modern stages – are compared. Attention is drawn to the fundamental nature of the research results on the relationship between reflection and rationality obtained during the Soviet period of philosophy development. In the philosophy of that period, a concept was proposed that remained outside the field of view of modern research. One of the features of the subject of the Soviet concept is the identification of the relationship between reflection and rationality through the connection of rationality with the semantic function of reflection. The subject of modern domestic research is influenced by the Western tradition of studying phenomena. Its characteristic feature is the separate consideration of reflection and rationality in science. The research method is a dialectical-materialistic approach. The peculiarity of the research is the use of internal contradictions of reflection and rationality. The novelty of the work is characterized by the application of the results of Soviet dialectical-materialistic studies of the problems of reflection and rationality in science to the modern analysis of the problem. Using the example of modern domestic research, the dialectical nature of the relationship between reflection and rationality is demonstrated. It is shown that the modern discussion of this problem is in a dialectical context, constituted by the framework of the relationship between reflection and rationality. The idea is expressed that the dialectical method continues to be fundamental and is an adequate way of analyzing the existing understanding of the problem. In particular, dialectical-materialistic methodology contributes to the resolution, in the words of one of the modern researchers, of the "epistemological impasse", which he characterizes the results of the modern study of scientific reflection. In general, the conclusion is made about the productivity of resuming dialectical research in modern philosophy.
The problem of dividing the rights of beneficiaries to property transferred to a foreign trust as common property of spouses
Authors: Patronova Anastasiya Ruslanovna 
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the legal nature of the beneficial rights of spouses to jointly acquired property. Using the example of judicial practice of the courts of the Russian Federation, the author analyzes the possibility of dividing the rights to property transferred to a foreign trust in Russian jurisdiction. The obscurity of such concepts as "trust" and "beneficial ownership" in the domestic legal system leads to a number of problems in resolving this category of disputes, which leads to insecurity of the rights and legitimate interests of interested parties. The relevance of the problem under consideration is due to the lack of uniform practice and, as a result, the approach of Russian courts to the qualification of beneficial rights. Most often, the courts proceed from the impossibility of declaring these rights to be divided due to their non-recognition as property by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and as common property of spouses by the Family Code of the Russian Federation. The article examines the advantages of applying foreign law in the consideration of disputes on the division of common property of spouses transferred to a foreign trust. In the course of the research, the author turns to the method of comparative analysis to identify the main contradictions of judicial practice in this category of disputes. The conducted research revealed the need to turn to foreign law not only at the stage of dispute resolution, but also in the qualification of legal concepts, due to the unknown institutions of trust and beneficial ownership of the domestic legal system. The author concludes that there are such legally significant circumstances for the fair resolution of the mentioned category of disputes: establishing the figure of the beneficiary, submitting documents to the court on the establishment of the trust, proving the property interest of the interested party in the property transferred to the trust. Due to the current disparate practice of Russian courts, it is necessary for the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation to clarify the obligation of courts to apply to foreign law when considering disputes complicated by a foreign element, in particular in disputes over the division of property transferred to a foreign trust.