bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PLANOS DE SANEAMENTO BÁSICO: SITUAÇÃO NA REGIÃO HIDROGRAFICA II DO ESTADO DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Passos Manuela Gazzoni dos , Prado Geisa Percio do , Prestes Monica Patrícia , Facco Janete 
Published: December 2017

O presente artigo apresenta a situação dos Planos de Saneamento Básico de cada um dos 60 municípios da região hidrográfica 2 (RH2) que abrange as bacias dos Rios Chapecó e Irani, SC. A pesquisa foi realizada entre os meses de janeiro e junho de 2015 e a metodologia utilizada foi à aplicação de questionário aos responsáveis técnicos de diversas áreas da gestão municipal. Dos 60 municípios pertencentes a RH2, 75% possuem o plano de saneamento elaborado, 23% estão em fase de elaboração e 2% ainda não iniciaram os trabalhos. Destes que já possuem o plano, 87% já estão constituídos como lei municipal, embora 36% deles consideram que o Plano não está em execução. A grande dificuldade acerca da obtenção dos recursos financeiros para a implementação das obrigatoriedades previstas no Plano Nacional de Saneamento Básico, foi citado por 68% dos municípios, o que justifica os resultados obtidos.
RESTAURANT REVENUE MANAGEMENT: GESTÃO DE RECEITAS EM RESTAURANTES_ APLICAÇÃO DO MÉTODO REVENUE MANAGEMENT NO AMBIENTE DE RESTAURAÇÃO
Authors: Coldebella Leonardo , Figueiredo Luiz Guilherme Buchmann 
Published: December 2017

Revenue Management (gestão de receita) é um método de gestão utilizado para analisar o comportamento dos consumidores dentro de um cenário restrito e definido. Através dos dados obtidos é possível elaborar estratégias de forma a otimizar a disponibilidade e os preços praticados, com o intuito de maximizar as receitas. A premissa do Revenue Management é vender o produto certo, ao consumidor certo, na hora certa, pelo preço certo. Assim sendo, o que o Revenue Management busca é o entendimento da percepção de valor do cliente em relação ao produto ou serviço, podendo assim equalizar os preços praticados com a disponibilidade, como forma de potencializar a geração de receita. Aplicar a análise Revenue Management significa, na prática, determinar preços de acordo com os níveis de demanda previstos de modo a oferecer um melhor preço àqueles clientes que estão dispostos a adquirir o produto ou serviço em períodos de menor demanda e adequar os preços nos períodos de maior demanda para os clientes que derem preferência a este. Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o sistema de Revenue Management aplicado a ambientes de restauração efetuando assim um levantamento das premissas, peculiaridades, estratégias e ferramentas de implantação do referido sistema.
SINTESIS ESTER-C SEBAGAI SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN MENGGUNAKAN BIOKATALIS ENZIM LIPASE/ZEOLIT ALAM
Authors: Wijayati Nanik , Rohmah Siti Anisa , Supartono Supartono 
Published: December 2017

AbstrakImobilisasi enzim lipase merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk meningkatan daya tahan enzim terhadap perubahan lingkungan dan penggunaan secara berulang. Penelitian mengenai imobilisasi enzim lipase dari jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus ostreatus) telah dilakukan dengan metode entrapment (penjebakan, penjeratan) menggunakan zeolit alam teraktivasi dan larutan gel NaF. Waktu pengadukan optimum yang diperoleh dalam imobilisasi enzim lipase ialah selama 3 jam dengan nilai aktivitas lipase sebesar 4,24 U/mL dan enzim loading sebesar 63,07%. Enzim lipase terimobilisasi yang diperoleh diaplikasikan dalam uji stabilitas berulang pada sintesis ester-C. Hasil sintesis dianalisis menggunakan instrument FT-IR dan HPLC. Kata kunci: enzim, lipase, imobilisasi, ester-C AbstractImmobilized lipase enzyme is the method used to improve the durability of enzymes to changes in the environment and use repeatedly. Research on the lipase enzyme immobilization of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) has been done by the entrapment method using activated natural zeolites and NaF gel solution. The optimum stirring time obtained in immobilized lipase is for 3 hours with a value of lipase activity of 4.24 U/mL and enzyme loading of 63.07%. Immobilized lipase enzyme obtained in the stability tests repeatedly applied to the synthesis of ester-C. Synthesis results were analyzed using FT-IR instrument and HPLC. Keywords: enzymes, lipase, immobilization, ester-C
EKSPLORASI GEN ENZIM LIPASE PADA TANAH PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH KELAPA SAWIT DENGAN PENDEKATAN METAGENOMIK
Authors: Sumarsih Sri 
Published: December 2017

Abstrak Enzim lipase merupakan bagian dari enzim hidrolase yang bekerja pada ikatan ester. Enzim ini juga mengkatalisis beberapa jenis reaksi sehingga merupakan enzim yang potensial diaplikasikan ke berbagai bidang seperti industri tekstil, kulit, deterjen, makanan, dan lain-lain. Salah satu cara mendapatkan enzim novel ialah dengan pendekatan secara metagenomik dari sampel lingkungan tanpa melalui kultur di dalam laboratorium. Sampel lingkungan yang biasa diteliti ialah memiliki keadaan ekstrem atau memiliki sumber substrat enzim yang ingin dieksplorasi. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan eksplorasi gen enzim lipase pada tanah hasil pengolahan limbah kelapa sawit (POME) melalui pendekatan metagenomik menggunakan desain primer degenerate untuk gen enzim lipase untuk golongan HSL. Didapatkan fragmen gen lipase yang memiliki ukuran 250-300 pasang basa dan dilakukan kloning ke dalam plasmid pET-30a(+) dengan sel inang E. coli TOP10 menghasilkan pustaka fragmen lipase limbah sawit (PFL2S) sebanyak 26 klon. Kata kunci: Lipase, metagenomik, primer degenerate
Bauhinia forficata L. e sua a ação hipoglicemiante
Authors: Pontes Maria Alana Neres de , Lima Dijaci Santos de , Oliveira Heloísa Mara Batista Fernandes de , Oliveira Filho Abrahão Alves de 
Published: December 2017

A B. forfica L uma das espécies mais populares do gênero Bahuina, pertencente à família Fabaceae, possui aproximadamente 300 espécies distribuídas principalmente pelas regiões tropicais do globo terreste. A pata-de-vaca nome popular dado a B. forficata tem suas diversas partes amplamente utilizadas para a preparação de produtos medicinais “caseiros” na terapia de diversas doenças, desde infecções, dores até como um agente hipoglicemiante para o tratamento da Diabetes. Os primeiros estudos clínicos com a pata-de-vaca se iniciaram no período de 1929 justificando o seu uso como hipoglicemiante e posteriormente estudos decorrentes no ano de 2004 validam o primeiro estudo clínico realizado, trazendo cada vez mais o interesse da comunidade cientifica para esta espécie medicinal. O propósito deste trabalho foi investigar e apresentar as propriedades farmacológicas, em especial hipoglicemiante, da B. forficata através de uma revisão narrativa da literatura. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura científica, definindo-se como uma análise mais ampla dos conhecimentos já produzidos, tomando como base de dados trabalhos científicos na faixa anual de 2007 a 2017. Diante da revisão da literatura realizada foi possível evidenciar os efeitos hipoglicemiantes do extrato da B. forficata, bem como o seu emprego em diferentes formas farmacêuticas, desde pós a granulados. Concluiu-se que embora a B. forficata se mostre promissora para a área farmacêutica são necessários mais estudos associados a possíveis formas farmacêuticas que podem ser utilizadas, uma vez que o emprego de plantas medicinais na terapia de controle da diabetes seja uma forma de facilitar a adesão dos pacientes ao tratamento.Descritores: Diabetes Mellitus; Hipoglicemiantes; Fitoterapia; Bauhinia.
Lietuvos daržininkystės sektoriaus atskleistasis santykinis pranašumas pasaulinėje rinkoje
Authors: AMBRAZIŪNAITĖ DIANA 
Published: December 2017

Pasitelkus RCA indeksą buvo atliekamas Lietuvos daržininkystės sektoriaus tarptautinio konkurencingumo vertinimas ir analizė. RCA indeksas buvo pasirinktas dėl šių priežasčių: keletą metų iš eilės atskirų daržovių produktų pardavimai didėjo, buvo kuriamos naujos ir plečiamos esamos užsienio rinkos.Nagrinėjant RCA teorijas išskiriami pagrindiniai paskirties elementai: tarptautinių prekybinių santykių nagrinėjimas; šalies specializacijos nustatant silpnas bei stiprias šakas / sektorius; tarptautinio konkurencingumo indikatorius ir tarptautinės prekybos rezultatyvumo indeksas. Straipsnyje analizuojama bendra daržovių ir kai kurių šakniavaisių bei gumbavaisių produktų kategorija4 ir šios katerogijos atskirų produktų grupių kategorijos5, kurios yra sudarytos pagal Tarptautinės prekybos centro6 (angl. International Trade center) 2011–2016 m. laikotarpį.Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad Lietuva specializuojasi eksportuoti daržovių ir kai kurių šakniavaisių bei gumbavaisių produktus į tarptautines pasaulio rinkas ir daugelis daržovių grupių turi atskleistąjį santykinį pranašumą. Atskleistojo santykinio pranašumo 2011-2016 m. m. neturėjo trys daržovių ir kai kurių šakniavaisių bei gumbavaisių produktų grupės: užšaldytos ir džiovintos daržovės, maniokai, marantos ir kiti panašūs šakniavaisiai bei gumbavaisiai. Didelė daržovių ir kai kurių šakniavaisių bei gumbavaisių produktų RCA indeksų variacija rodo prekybos tarptautinėse rinkose stabilumo nebuvimą ir stiprias konkurencingumo didėjimo arba mažėjimo tendencijas jose.
4HS4 07.5HS6 0701-0714 – produktų grupių kategorija.6Trade Map duomenų bazė, Prieiga internete: www.trademap.org.
Screening African Rice (Oryza glaberrima) for Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses: II. Lowland Drought
Authors: Shaibu A. A. , Uguru M. I. , Sow M. , Maji A. T. , Ndjiondjop M. N. , Venuprasad R. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTDrought is a major constraint to rice (Oryza spp.) production in sub‐Saharan Africa. Oryza glaberrima Steud., the cultivated rice species that originated from West Africa, is well‐adapted to its growing ecologies. This study was initiated to identify promising O. glaberrima accessions tolerant to lowland drought stress from the 2106 accessions held at the AfricaRice Genebank. Screening was done over a 3‐yr period in West Africa using standardized protocol and involved evaluating for grain yield under drought and/or irrigated conditions, selecting the high‐yielding lines, and repeating the testing with the newly selected lines. Four accessions (TOG 7400, TOG 6520, TOG 6519‐A, and TOG 7442‐B) with consistently higher grain yield under drought stress and irrigated conditions were selected. These four accessions originated from three countries in West Africa, namely, Ghana, Liberia, and Nigeria. The selected O. glaberrima accessions could be used as donors in breeding for drought tolerance in rice.
Coronary Calcium Scoring and Modifiable Coronary Risk Factors
Authors: Sharma Lucky , Karki Dambar Bahadur , Shahi Aanchal , Sharma Dikshya 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Non-invasive coronary calcium scoring predicts earliest atherosclerotic changes in the coronary arteries on the basis of amount of calcium deposited in the coronary arteries. This study was done to analyze calcium scores in-patient with different risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD).
Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted from 1st November 2015 to 30th April 2016 at Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. Patient with cardiovascular risk factors were included in the study. These patients underwent coronary calcium scoring. Calcium scores were then compared with the presence of risk factors.
Results: Total 467 participants were included in the study. There were 309 (62.2%) males and 158 (33.8%) females. Mean age of patient was 56.6 year (SD = 12.7). The difference in the scores observed with presence or absence of risk factors were statistically significant for gender, smoking, and hypertriglyceridemia (p<0.05) but not significant for impaired fasting glucose, hypertension, and body mass index.
Conclusion: This study suggested that presence of traditional risk factors does not necessarily indicate high coronary calcium level.
LANGUAGE VARIATION BACKGROUND IN SOCIAL CONTEXT OF COMMUNITY UTTERANCES IN CENTRAL JAVA-WEST JAVA, MAJENANG
Authors: Latifah Lutfiatun , Saddhono Kundharu , Wardhani Nugraheni Eko 
Published: December 2017

Variations may occur in the speech community that has two or more languages. Variations of these languages is the diversity of language and reflect the cultural diversity in the area Majenang. Of course, the diversity of language variation contained in Majenang background underlying the occurrence of a Varied language. Variations in language that will be displayed in this study is the language variation that occurs in the realm of social market, a market in which there Majenang. The purpose of this study is to describe the background of the realm of language variation terjadiya social Majenang said. This study is a qualitative approach to social and use the case study method. Collecting data in this study is observation, interview, tapping techniques, and study the documents. The validity of the data used in this study using triangulation 3, the triangulation of sources, methods, and theory.Keywords: Background, Language Variation, Social Sphere, Majenang LATAR BELAKANG VARIASI BAHASA RANAH SOSIAL MASYARAKAT TUTUR PERBATASAN JAWA TENGAH-JAWA BARAT DI MAJENANGAbstrakVariasi bahasa dapat terjadi pada masyarakat tutur yang memiliki dua bahasa atau lebih. Variasi bahasa tersebut merupakan keberagaman bahasa dan mencerminkan keberagaman budaya di daerah Majenang. Tentunya keberagaman variasi bahasa yang terdapat di Majenang mempunyai latar belakang yang melandasi terjadinya suatu variaasi bahasa. Variasi bahasa yang akan dipaparkaan dalam penelitian ini merupakan variasi bahasa yang terjadi dalam ranah sosial yakni pasar, pasar yang terdapat di Majenang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan latar belakang dari terjadiya variasi bahasa ranah sosial masyarakat tutur Majenang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan sosiolinguistik dan mengggunakan metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah teknik observasi, wawancara, teknik sadap, dan studi dokumen. Validitas data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 3 triangulasi, yakni triangulasi sumber, metode, dan teori.Kata Kunci : Latar Belakang, Variasi Bahasa, Ranah Sosial, Majenang
Do Students Need Multimedia Based Grammar 3 Teaching Material?
Authors: Fitrawati Fitrawati , Oktavia Witri 
Published: December 2017

This article presents a part of a study conducted to develop multimedia based teaching material for Grammar 3. It aims at describing needs and problems of students in learning Grammar 3 through a descriptive study. The data were gathered from the questionnaires distributed to the students who have taken Grammar 3 course. The result of the research conveys that 1) there is a gap between the objective of Grammar 3 course and the students’ achievement in the class, 2) students get the problems in understanding Grammar 3 due to inappropriate teaching materials used in teaching and learning process, and 3) the students need a multimedia based teaching materials to improve their understanding and achievement in Grammar 3 course.Key words/phrases:teaching material development, multimedia, need analysis, Grammar 3 APAKAH MAHASISWA MEMBUTUHKAN MATERI AJAR GRAMMAR 3 BERBASIS MULTIMEDIA?AbstrakArtikel ini merupakan salah satu bagian dari rangkaian penelitian pengembangan materi ajar Grammar 3 berbasis multimedia. Penelitian deskrptif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan masalah dan kebutuhan mahasiswa terhadap materi Grammar 3. Oleh karena itu, data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang disebar kepada seluruh mahasiswa yang telah mengambil mata kuliah Grammar 3. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa 1) adanya ketimpangan antara tujuan pembelajaran Grammar 3 dan kemampuan yang dikuasai mahasiswa; 2) mahasiswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami materi Grammar 3 karena kurang memadainya materi yang digunakan dalam proses belajar dan mengajar; dan 3) mahasiswa membutuhkan materi ajar berbasis multimedia yang dapat membantu meningkatkan pemahaman dan kemampuan mereka pada materi Grammar 3.Kata Kunci/frase: pengembangan materi ajar, multimedia, analisis kebutuhan, Grammar 3
Penyimpanan Serbuk Sari Jagung dan Potensinya untuk Produksi Benih Hibrida
Authors: Fariroh Indri , Palupi Endah Retno , Suwarno Dan Faiza Chairani 
Published: December 2017

Production of maize hybrid seed is hindered by relatively poor production by the male line pollen; short live of the pollen which was ascribed to desiccation and dehydration sensitive and flowering asynchrony between male and female lines. The aims of this study were to enhance production and viability of male line pollen and also to determine the suitable storage condition for maintaining pollen viability in order to be used for production of hybrid seed. The research consisted of two experiments. The first experiment was arranged in split plot randomized block design with NPK dosages as main plot (0, 300, 600, 900 kg ha-1) and application of boron as sub-plot (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6 kg ha-1), replicated three times. The second experiment used randomized block design with two factors, i.e. storage temperature (-196 oC and -20 oC) and storage period (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks). The result showed that NPK 900 kg ha-1 increased the number of spike per tassel from 9.3 to 10.7. Application of NPK 600 kg ha-1 or boron 1.5 kg ha-1 improved pollen viability. Combination of NPK 900 kg ha-1 and boron 6 kg ha-1 resulted in the highest pollen viability of 95.3%. Pollen after being stored for four weeks either in -196 ºC or -20 ºC was possible to be used for seed production with 20% seed set.<br /><br />Keywords: boron, freezer, liquid nitrogen, NPK dosage, pollen viability <br /><br />
O AGIR POR MEIO DA LINGUAGEM: GÊNERO MEMÓRIAS LITERÁRIAS
Authors: Souza Angela Maria Baltieri , Sousa Clarilza Prado de 
Published: December 2017

O texto discute produções textuais do gênero Memórias Literárias de alunos/autores e finalistas da Olimpíada de Língua Portuguesa Escrevendo o Futuro – 2014. Objetivou-se analisar a linguagem expressa em uma situação de comunicação real, identificar como esses autores descrevem e estão sendo orientados a discutir o lugar em que vivem, incluindo também a sua própria experiência. Por meio de referencial teórico postulado pela Teoria das Representações Sociais e do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo, o estudo permitiu analisar a voz do sujeito (aluno), suas relações interpessoais/marcas de convivência (relação eu /outro / mundo / nós / família / comunidade) no texto, considerando conjuntamente os processos para chegar à produção textual. O software ALCESTE apoiou a análise dos textos que partiu de um corpus composto por 38 produções textuais (autorais) escritas em interações sociais do gênero Memórias Literárias. Os resultados permitiram observar que ao escrever o seu texto, o aluno/autor traz elementos do passado do outro, valorização dos sentimentos da época e descrição do tempo para falar do lugar onde vive. Esse passado do outro, produzido a partir da mediação do professor, revela a priorização do texto do sujeito/autor para descrever o lugar em que vive (agir e representar) por meio de uso do gênero textual Memórias Literárias.
Kajian Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Sepsis dengan Gangguan Ginjal
Authors: Hidayati Hidayati , Arifin Helmi , Raveinal Raveinal 
Published: December 2017

Telah dilakukan kajian observasional secara prospektif terhadap penggunaan antibiotik meliputi aspek farmakokinetika klinik dan kualitas antibiotik secara kualitatif pada pasien sepsis dengan gangguan ginjal di Rawat Inap Penyakit Dalam Rumah Sakit X. Pasien sepsis dengan gangguan ginjal ini diterapi dengan antibiotik selama 4 bulan. Antibiotik yang dievaluasi adalah yang ekskresi utamanya di ginjal meliputi jenis antibiotik, dosis, frekwensi, lama penggunaan, dan interaksi yang bermakna klinis. Evaluasi antibiotik secara kualitatif menggunakan metode Gyssens. Total pasien berjumlah 40 orang, diterapi dengan 8 jenis antibiotik dan diantaranya ada 5 antibiotik diekskresi utama melalui ginjal. Dari 5 jenis tersebut, ditemukan penyesuaian dosis dengan tepat pada (n=29;74,3%) dan penyesuaian dosis yang tidak tepat (n=10;25,7%) yang melebihi dosis individual yang dihitung secara farmakokinetik. Terdapat 5 jenis interaksi yang bermakna secara klinik. Evaluasi pemakaian antibiotik secara kualitatif dengan metode Gyssens, diperoleh kategori pasien tidak lengkap/VI (N=4; 10%), kategori tidak efektif/IVa (n=2; 5%), kategori tidak aman/IVb (n=1; 2,5%), kategori spektrum tidak sempit/IVd (n=1; 2,5%), kategori dosis tidak tepat/IIa (n=9; 22,5%), dan kategori bijak/tepat/0 (n=23; 57,5%). Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara umum penggunaan antibiotik yang diekskresikan sebagian besar melalui ginjal tidak memperlihatkan dampak yang buruk pada fungsi ginjal pasien.ABSTRACT: Prospective observational study was conducted to investigate antibiotic using, by evaluating clinical pharmacokinetic and antibiotic quality on septic patient with kidney disorder in Interne Department at Hospital X. Septic patients with kidney disorder treated with antibiotic for 4 months. The evaluated antibiotic are excreted by kidney mainly. The clinical aspects of evaluation are kinds of antibiotic, dosage, frequency, period of treatment, and clinical drug interaction. The evaluation of antibiotic quality used Gyssens method. Total respondens were 40 patients, treated with 8 kinds of antibiotic. Among 8 of them, there were 5 antibiotic which were excreted mainly by kidney. From five antibiotics, it was found that the accurate dosage adjustment on 29 patients (74,3%), and unproperly adjustment in 10 patients (10,25%) that adjust upper individual dosage that calculate pharmacokinetically. There were five interactions that clinically significant. The evaluation of antibiotic using qualitatively by Gyssens method found that 4 patients (10%) as incomplete therapy/VI category, two patients (5%) were ineffective category IVa, 1 patient (2,5%) as unsafe category IVb, 9 patients (22,5%) as inappropriate dosage adjustment, and 23 patients (57,5%) as appropriate antibiotic category 0. Conclusion: Using antibiotic that mainly excreted by kidney in septic patients with kidney disorder, generally doesn’t show bad impact in kidney of patient.
Terapi Antiretroviral pada Pasien HIV/AIDS di RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang: Kajian Sosiodemografi dan Evaluasi Obat
Authors: Yuliandra Yori , Nosa Ulfa Syafli , Raveinal Raveinal , Almasdy Dedy 
Published: December 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji karakteristik sosiodemografi pasien HIV/AIDS dan mengevaluasi penggunaan obat antiretroviral pada pasien tersebut. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif-evaluatif dengan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan menggunakan data retrospektif pada tahun 2015 di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Data diperoleh dari rekam medik dengan kriteria: pasien HIV/AIDS laki-laki dan perempuan; berusia 18-65 tahun; dan menggunakan obat antiretroviral. Profil sosiodemografi dianalisis sercara deskriptif, sementara kesesuaian penggunaan obat dievaluasi dan dibandingkan dengan standar pengobatan. Dari 136 rekam medik pasien yang diambil, 89 diantaranya memenuhi kriteria, dimana 76,40% merupakan pasien laki-laki. Pasien kebanyakan berusia antara 26-35 tahun (41,57%), didominasi oleh pasien yang menikah (58,43%) dan mereka yang berpendidikan SMA (56,18%). Pegawai swasta dan ibu rumah tangga merupakan jenis pekerjaan dengan persentase tertinggi (masing-masing 19,10%). Penyakit ini sebagian besar diperoleh melalui hubungan seksual (61,80%) dengan PSK (Pekerja Seks Komersial) sebagai partner seks yang paling dominan (38,33%). Evaluasi penggunaan obat menunjukkan bahwa obat antiretroviral digunakan dengan 100% kesesuaian indikasi dan dosis, sementara hanya 97,76% pasien yang menerima pemberian obat yang sesuai. Studi tersebut juga mengungkapkan bahwa 10,11% pasien memiliki potensi terjadinya interaksi obat. Pengobatan antiretroviral memerlukan pemilihan obat yang tepat untuk meningkatkan efikasi. Apoteker dianjurkan untuk ikut berpartisipasi dalam pengobatan pasien HIV/AIDS.