bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodicity effects on hydrological processes of sodic soil slopes under simulated rainfall
Authors: Liu Dongdong , She Dongli 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSoil salinization can occur in many regions of the world. Soil sodicity affects rainfall‐runoff relationships and related erosion processes considerably. We investigated sodicity effects on infiltration, runoff and erosion processes on sodic soil slopes for two soils from China under simulated rainfall. Five sodicity levels were established in a silt loam and a silty clay with clay contents of 8.5% and 46.0%, respectively. The soils, packed in 50 cm × 30 cm × 15 cm flumes at two slope gradients (22° and 35°), were exposed to 60 min of simulated rainfall (deionized water) at a constant intensity of 125 mm h−1. Results showed that, for both soils, increasing soil sodicity had some significant effects on hydrological processes, reducing the infiltration coefficient (pr = −0.69, P < 0.01) and the quasi‐steady final infiltration rate (pr = −0.80, P < 0.01), and increasing the mean sediment loss (pr = 0.39, P < 0.05); however, it did not significantly affect the cumulative rainfall to ponding (P > 0.05). Moreover, increasing sodicity significantly increased the Reynolds number and the stream power (pr = 0.78 and 0.66, P < 0.01, respectively) of the runoff, decreased Manning roughness and Darcy–Weisbach coefficient (pr = −0.52 and −0.52, P < 0.05, respectively), but did not significantly affect the mean flow velocity, mean flow depth, Froude number and hydraulic shear stress. Stream power was shown to be the most sensitive hydraulic variable affecting sediment loss for both soils. Furthermore, as sodicity increased, the values of critical stream power decreased for both the silt loam (R2 = 0.29, P < 0.05) and the silty clay (R2 = 0.49, P < 0.05). The findings of this study were applied to a real situation and identified some negative effects that can occur with increasing sodicity levels. This emphasized the importance of addressing the influences of soil sodicity in particularly high risk situations and when predicting soil and water losses.
Niskin bottle sample collection aliases microbial community composition and biogeochemical interpretation
Authors: Suter Elizabeth A. , Scranton Mary I. , Chow Stephanie , Stinton Dallyce , Medina Faull Luis , Taylor Gordon T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractParticles able to settle distances of approximately a meter in 1–2 h are undersampled in water traditionally collected in Niskin bottles. Gardner (Limnol Oceanogr, 22, 764–768, 1977) demonstrated that particles sink into the space below the spout of Niskin bottles on timescales relevant to sample processing. We examined this effect on measurements of microbial abundance, community composition, and transparent stainable particles across an oxygen‐sulfide gradient in the Cariaco Basin. Within 1 h, modestly sized micro‐aggregates (> 16 μm) were not detected in samples drawn from the spout, but were abundant in the waters below the spout. Total transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) and Coomassie stainable particles (CSP) were at least twice as abundant in the below‐spout samples as in spout‐collected water. Below‐spout samples accounted for four times more total particle surface area per mL than spout samples. Approximately 10% of all microbes were particle‐associated, which led to only small enrichments of total microbes in the below‐spout samples. However, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed five of seven clades surveyed were significantly more enriched in water below the spout than total cells, indicating (1) a small bias when enumerating total particles and microbes from spout samples and (2) a very strong bias for particular phylogenetic groups that are more prevalent on particles than the total community. In particular, sulfate‐reducing δ‐proteobacteria were consistently enriched in below‐spout samples collected at depths along the oxygen‐sulfide transition. Abundance of this functional group has potentially been underestimated in the past. Consequently, microbial diversity results derived from Niskin bottle samples should be cautiously applied when interpreting biogeochemical cycling.
Climate‐induced warming of lakes can be either amplified or suppressed by trends in water clarity
Authors: Rose Kevin C. , Winslow Luke A. , Read Jordan S. , Hansen Gretchen J. A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractClimate change is rapidly warming aquatic ecosystems including lakes and reservoirs. However, variability in lake characteristics can modulate how lakes respond to climate. Water clarity is especially important both because it influences the depth range over which heat is absorbed, and because it is changing in many lakes. Here, we show that simulated long‐term water clarity trends influence how both surface and bottom water temperatures of lakes and reservoirs respond to climate change. Clarity changes can either amplify or suppress climate‐induced warming, depending on lake depth and the direction of clarity change. Using a process‐based model to simulate 1894 north temperate lakes from 1979 to 2012, we show that a scenario of decreasing clarity at a conservative yet widely observed rate of 0.92% yr−1 warmed surface waters and cooled bottom waters at rates comparable in magnitude to climate‐induced warming. For lakes deeper than 6.5 m, decreasing clarity was sufficient to fully offset the effects of climate‐induced warming on median whole‐lake mean temperatures. Conversely, a scenario increasing clarity at the same rate cooled surface waters and warmed bottom waters relative to baseline warming rates. Furthermore, in 43% of lakes, increasing clarity more than doubled baseline bottom temperature warming rates. Long‐term empirical observations of water temperature in lakes with and without clarity trends support these simulation results. Together, these results demonstrate that water clarity trends may be as important as rising air temperatures in determining how waterbodies respond to climate change.
Highly Swellable, Dual‐Responsive Hydrogels Based on PNIPAM and Redox Active Poly(ferrocenylsilane) Poly(ionic liquid)s: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties
Authors: Feng Xueling , Zhang Kaihuan , Chen Peng , Sui Xiaofeng , Hempenius Mark A. , Liedberg Bo , Vancso G. Julius 
Published: October 2016

Highly swellable, dual‐responsive hydrogels, consisting of thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and redox‐responsive poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS) based poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) are formed by photo‐polymerization. PFS chains bearing cross‐linkable vinylimidazolium (VIm) side groups are copolymerized with NIPAM in aqueous solutions under ultraviolet light (λ = 365 nm) in the presence of a photoinitiator. The PFS‐PILs serve as a macro‐cross‐linker and also provide redox responsiveness. The swelling ratio, morphology, and lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the hydrogels are studied as a function of the PNIPAM/PFS ratio. The value of the LCST is dependent on the choice of the counterion of the PIL and the PNIPAM/PFS ratio. The hydrogel is employed as a reducing environment for the in situ fabrication of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), forming AuNP‐hydrogel composites. The localized surface plasmon resonance peak of the as‐synthesized Au nanoparticles inside the hydrogel could be tuned by altering the temperature.
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Targeting Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Expectations and Challenges
Authors: Jin Wei‐Lin , Mao Xiao‐Yuan , Qiu Guan‐Zhong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is regarded as the most common primary intracranial neoplasm. Despite standard treatment with tumor resection and radiochemotherapy, the outcome remains gloomy. It is evident that a combination of oncogenic gain of function and tumor‐suppressive loss of function has been attributed to glioma initiation and progression. The ubiquitin–proteasome system is a well‐orchestrated system that controls the fate of most proteins by striking a dynamic balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination of substrates, having a profound influence on the modulation of oncoproteins, tumor suppressors, and cellular signaling pathways. In recent years, deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have emerged as potential anti‐cancer targets due to their targeting several key proteins involved in the regulation of tumorigenesis, apoptosis, senescence, and autophagy. This review attempts to summarize recent studies of GBM‐associated DUBs, their roles in various cellular processes, and discuss the relation between DUBs deregulation and gliomagenesis, especially how DUBs regulate glioma stem cells pluripotency, microenvironment, and resistance of radiation and chemotherapy through core stem‐cell transcriptional factors. We also review recent achievements and progress in the development of potent and selective reversible inhibitors of DUBs, and attempted to find a potential GBM treatment by DUBs intervention.
Application of Polymer Reaction Modeling to Nonenzymatic Polynucleotide Replication
Authors: Mannion Peter , Zhen Todd , Case Nathaniel , Schork Francis Joseph 
Published: October 2016

Methods of polymer reaction engineering were used to develop a mechanistic model of nonenzymatic polynucleotide replication. The model is made possible by the rate constants developed by Rajamani et al. This model treats the ideas of stalling proposed by Rajamani in a direct kinetic mechanism. When one assumes that multiple incorrect insertions in a row are unlikely, the model returns estimates of the error threshold very much in agreement with the modified Eigen model (based on probability arguments) proposed by Rajamani. In addition, the current model gives average lengths of poly­nucleotides, categorized by ultimate nucleoside (type and correct/incorrect) as well as the average lengths of interior and terminal sequences of correct and incorrect insertions in a row. When the insights of Leu et al. (specifically, that incorrect additions following an incorrect addition are likely) are included into the model, the error threshold will drop to unrealistic levels. To compensate for this, a mechanism for the “recycle” of incorrect strands (via hydrolysis and repolymerization) was included. Calculations indicate that even with a “correction” mechanism (hydrolysis of chain containing errors), the error threshold drops to an unacceptable value.
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High‐resolution gradient‐recalled echo imaging at 9.4T using 16‐channel parallel transmit simultaneous multislice spokes excitations with slice‐by‐slice flip angle homogenization
Authors: Tse Desmond H. Y. , Wiggins Christopher J. , Poser Benedikt A. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeIn order to fully benefit from the improved signal‐to‐noise and contrast‐to‐noise ratios at 9.4T, the challenges of
inhomogeneity and the long acquisition time of high‐resolution 2D gradient‐recalled echo (GRE) imaging were addressed.Theory and MethodsFlip angle homogenized excitations were achieved by parallel transmission (pTx) of 3‐spoke pulses, designed by magnitude least‐squares optimization in a slice‐by‐slice fashion; the acquisition time reduction was achieved by simultaneous multislice (SMS) pulses. The slice‐specific spokes complex radiofrequency scaling factors were applied to sinc waveforms on a per‐channel basis and combined with the other pulses in an SMS slice group to form the final SMS‐pTX pulse. Optimal spokes locations were derived from simulations.ResultsFlip angle maps from presaturation TurboFLASH showed improvement of flip angle homogenization with 3‐spoke pulses over CP‐mode excitation (normalized root‐mean‐square error [NRMSE] 0.357) as well as comparable excitation homogeneity across the single‐band (NRMSE 0.119), SMS‐2 (NRMSE 0.137), and SMS‐3 (NRMSE 0.132) 3‐spoke pulses. The application of the 3‐spoke SMS‐3 pulses in a 48‐slice GRE protocol, which has an in‐plane resolution of 0.28 × 0.28 mm, resulted in a 50% reduction of scan duration (total acquisition time 6:52 min including reference scans).ConclusionTime‐efficient flip angle homogenized high‐resolution GRE imaging at 9.4T was accomplished by using slice‐specific SMS‐pTx spokes excitations. Magn Reson Med 78:1050–1058, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Improving the robustness of pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling to off‐resonance and pulsatile flow velocity
Authors: Zhao Li , Vidorreta Marta , Soman Salil , Detre John A. , Alsop David C. 
Published: October 2016

PurposeTo improve pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) robustness to off‐resonance and pulsatile blood flow velocity.MethodsBloch equations were solved to evaluate the effect of labeling parameters in a pulsatile flow model for a range of off‐resonance. Experimental confirmation was achieved in volunteers using linear phase increase between labeling pulses to approximate off‐resonance errors. We first assessed the location of the labeling plane in four volunteers. Next, we explored a range of parameters—including balanced and unbalanced gradients—in five more volunteers at an optimal labeling plane location.ResultsSimulations demonstrated that 1) high velocities are vulnerable to off‐resonance, 2) unbalanced PCASL outperforms balanced PCASL, 3) increased B1 and low average gradient improve the labeling efficiency for high‐velocity flow, and 4) a low ratio of selective to average gradient improves off‐resonance robustness. A good agreement between theory and experiment was observed.ConclusionThe robustness of PCASL can be increased by selecting an unbalanced scheme with a low average gradient (0.5 mT/m), a low ratio (7×) of selective to average gradients, and the highest feasible B1 (1.8 μT). Placing the labeling plane above the carotid bifurcation and below the V3 segment, usually between the second and third vertebrae, yielded robust results. Magn Reson Med 78:1342–1351, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Easily Accessible Thermotropic Hydrogen‐Bonded Columnar Discotic Liquid Crystals from Fatty Acid– Tris‐Benzoimidazolyl Benzene Complexes
Authors: Lugger Jody A. M. , Sijbesma Rint P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe report the formation of easily accessible hydrogen‐bonded columnar discotic liquid crystals (LCs) based on tris‐benzoimidazolyl benzene (TBIB) and commercially available fatty acids. By increasing the length of the fatty acid, the temperature range of liquid crystallinity was tuned. Introducing double bonds in octadecanoic acid lowered the crystallization temperature and increased the temperature range of the mesophase. Surprisingly, dimerized linoleic acid also forms an LC phase. When using branched aliphatic acids with the branching point close to the acid moiety, the mesophase was lost, whereas phosphonic acid or benzenesulfonic acid derivatives did have a mesophase, showing that the generality of this approach extends beyond carboxylic acids as the hydrogen‐bond donor. Furthermore, a polymerizable LC phase was obtained from mixtures of TBIB with a methacrylate‐bearing fatty acid, providing an approach for the fabrication of nanoporous polymer films if the methacrylate groups are polymerized. Finally, the higher solubility of methyl‐TBIB was used to suppress phase separation in stoichiometric mixtures of the template molecule with fatty acids.
Evaluation of a Prison Occupational Therapy Informal Education Program: A Pilot Study
Authors: Crabtree Jeffrey L. , Ohm David , Wall Jarrod M. , Ray Joseph 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis pilot study explored the strengths and weaknesses of an informal education program and identified elements of the program valued by participants. Participants were men living in a minimum security prison who had been incarcerated for ten or more years. The outside researcher was joined by three former program participants as co‐researchers. Together, they interviewed 27 residents who completed the informal education program. Interviews were transcribed and de‐identified. Researchers used the summative content analysis approach to analyze the data. Initial content analysis yielded five concepts: doing (engaging in purposeful activities); information (program handouts and discussions that included data and descriptions of all of the topics discussed); re‐entry fears (socialization; making amends with victims and/or reuniting with family and friends); technology (includes, but not limited to, using smartphones, internet and other technology in all areas of occupation); and self‐worth as a person. Further interpretation per the summative content analysis method yielded three themes: doing (engaged in purposeful activities), validation of self‐worth (confirmation of being a valued human being in spite of having committed a serious crime) and concerns about the future (being able to successfully engage in virtually all occupations). Whilst informal education programs may help people who are incarcerated gain information, gain a sense of self‐worth and allay some reentry fears, understanding the long‐term affect such programs may have such as preparing them for successful re‐entry to society or reducing recidivism rates, will require long‐term follow‐up. Regardless of the occupational therapy intervention, the practice of occupational therapy in the criminal justice system needs to be client‐centred. Because of the small number of participants and limited access to participants, one should not generalize the findings of this study to other situations or populations. Further research to examine the effectiveness of an occupational therapy education program is warranted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of charged hybrid particles via dispersion polymerization in nonpolar media for color electrophoretic display application
Authors: Noël Amélie , Mirbel Déborah , Charbonnier Antoine , Cloutet Eric , Hadziioannou Georges , Brochon Cyril 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTDirect synthesis of charged hybrid particles in non‐polar media has not been widely described in the literature but can lead to many applications such as electrophoretic displays. In this work, we propose a way to synthesize charged hybrid particles within the electrophoretic medium (Toluene or Isopar G) in the presence or not of additives (Charge Control Agent, CCA). The particles synthesis was performed by Nitroxide‐mediated Radical Polymerization (NMRP) via dispersion polymerization in aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents leading to stable chargeable particles with a good size control. Hybrid particles are successfully charged by reaction with functional monomers or addition of CCA to obtain electrophoretic particles. The performance of a dual‐color red/white ink in a display was demonstrated with a test‐cell. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 338–348
Pretreatment 14‐3‐3 epsilon level is predictive for advanced extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma therapeutic response to asparaginase‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Qiu Yajuan , Zhou Zhiyuan , Li Zhaoming , Lu Lisha , Li Ling , Li Xin , Wang Xinhua , Zhang Mingzhi 
Published: October 2016

PurposeThe aim of the present study was to identify the potential relevant biomarkers to predict the therapeutic response of advanced extranodal natural killer/T cell lymphoma(ENKTL) treated with asparaginase‐based treatment.Experimental designProteomic technology is used to identify differentially expressed proteins between chemotherapy‐resistant and chemotherapy‐sensitive patients. Then enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay is used to validate the predictive value of selective biomarkers.ResultsA total of 61 upregulated and 22 downregulated proteins are identified in chemotherapy‐resistant patients compared with chemotherapy‐sensitive patients. Furthermore, they validated that pretreatment high level 14‐3‐3 epsilon(ε)(≥61.95 ng/mL, 84.0 and 95.2% for sensitivity and specificity, respectively) is associated with poor 2‐year overall survival (OS) (5.3 vs 68.8%, p<0.0001) and PFS (4.5 vs 76.9%, p<0.0001). In multivariate survival analysis, pretreatment high level 14‐3‐3 epsilon significantly is correlated with both inferior OS (p = 0.033) and PFS (p = 0.005).Conclusion and clinical relevanceThese findings indicate that pretreatment high level 14‐3‐3 epsilon is an independent predictor of chemotherapy‐resistance and poor prognosis for patients with advanced ENKTL in the era of asparaginase.
Suppression of LIM and SH3 Domain Protein 1 (LASP1) Negatively Regulated by Androgen Receptor Delays Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer Progression
Authors: Dejima Takashi , Imada Kenjiro , Takeuchi Ario , Shiota Masaki , Leong Jeffrey , Tombe Tabitha , Tam Kevin , Fazli Ladan , Naito Seiji , Gleave Martin E. , Ong Christopher J. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDLIM and SH3 domain protein 1 (LASP1) has been implicated in several human malignancies and has been shown to predict PSA recurrence in prostate cancer. However, the anti‐tumor effect of LASP1 knockdown and the association between LASP1 and the androgen receptor (AR) remains unclear. The aim of this study is to clarify the significance of LASP1 as a target for prostate cancer, and to test the effect of silencing LASP1 in vivo using antisense oligonucleotides (ASO).METHODSA tissue microarray (TMA) was performed to characterize the differences in LASP1 expression in prostate cancer treated after hormone deprivation therapy. Flow cytometry was used to analyze cell cycle. We designed LASP1 ASO for knockdown of LASP1 in vivo studies.RESULTSThe expression of LASP1 in TMA was increased after androgen ablation and persisted in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Also in TMA, compared with LNCaP cell, LASP1 expression is elevated in CRPC cell lines (C4‐2 and VehA cells). Interestingly, suppression of AR elevated LASP1 expression conversely, AR activation decreased LASP1 expression. Silencing of LASP1 reduced cell growth through G1 arrest which was accompanied by a decrease of cyclin D1. Forced overexpression of LASP1 promoted cell cycle and induced cell growth which was accompanied by an increase of cyclin D1. Systemic administration of LASP1 ASO with athymic mice significantly inhibited tumor growth in CRPC xenografts.CONCLUSIONSThese results indicate that LASP1 is negatively regulated by AR at the transcriptional level and promotes tumor growth through induction of cell cycle, ultimately suggesting that LASP1 may be a potential target in prostate cancer treatment. Prostate 77:309–320, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A simple model for the Slater exchange potential and its performance for solids
Authors: Finzel Kati , Baranov Alexey I. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA simple local model for the Slater exchange potential is determined by least square fit procedure from Hartree–Fock (HF) atomic data. Since the Slater potential is the exact exchange potential yielding HF electron density from Levy‐Perdew‐Sahni density functional formalism (Levy et al., Phys. Rev. A 1984, 30, 2745), the derived local potential is significantly more negative than the conventional local density approximation. On the set of 22 ionic, covalent and van der Waals solids including strongly correlated transition metal oxides, it has been demonstrated, that this simple model potential is capable of reproducing the band gaps nearly as good as popular meta GGA potentials in close agreement with experimental values.