bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain Circuitry Controlling Sleep and Wakefulness
Authors: Horner Richard L. , Peever John H. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article outlines the fundamental brain mechanisms that control sleep-wake patterns and reviews how pathologic changes in these control mechanisms contribute to common sleep disorders.

Recent Findings: Discrete but interconnected clusters of cells located within the brainstem and hypothalamus comprise the circuits that generate wakefulness, non–rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep, and REM sleep. These clusters of cells use specific neurotransmitters, or collections of neurotransmitters, to inhibit or excite their respective sleep- and wake-promoting target sites. These excitatory and inhibitory connections modulate not only the presence of wakefulness or sleep, but also the levels of arousal within those states, including the depth of sleep, degree of vigilance, and motor activity. Dysfunction or degeneration of wake- and sleep-promoting circuits is associated with narcolepsy, REM sleep behavior disorder, and age-related sleep disturbances.

Summary: Research has made significant headway in identifying the brain circuits that control wakefulness, non-REM, and REM sleep and has led to a deeper understanding of common sleep disorders and disturbances.
Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders
Authors: Pavlova Milena 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: The endogenous circadian rhythms are one of the cardinal processes that control sleep. They are self-sustaining biological rhythms with a periodicity of approximately 24 hours that may be entrained by external zeitgebers (German for time givers), such as light, exercise, and meal times. This article discusses the physiology of the circadian rhythms, their relationship to neurologic disease, and the presentation and treatment of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders.

Recent Findings: Classic examples of circadian rhythms include cortisol and melatonin secretion, body temperature, and urine volume. More recently, the impact of circadian rhythm on several neurologic disorders has been investigated, such as the timing of occurrence of epileptic seizures as well as neurobehavioral functioning in dementia. Further updates include a more in-depth understanding of the symptoms, consequences, and treatment of circadian sleep-wake disorders, which may occur because of extrinsic misalignment with clock time or because of intrinsic dysfunction of the brain. An example of extrinsic misalignment occurs with jet lag during transmeridian travel or with intrinsic circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders such as advanced or delayed sleep-wake phase disorders. In advanced sleep-wake phase disorder, which is most common in elderly individuals, sleep onset and morning arousal are undesirably early, leading to impaired evening function with excessive sleepiness and sleep-maintenance insomnia with early morning awakening. By contrast, delayed sleep-wake phase disorder is characterized by an inability to initiate sleep before the early morning hours, with subsequent delayed rise time, leading to clinical symptoms of severe sleep-onset insomnia coupled with excessive daytime sleepiness in the morning hours, as patients are unable to “sleep in” to attain sufficient sleep quantity. Irregular sleep-wake rhythm disorder is misentrainment with patches of brief sleep and wakefulness spread throughout the day, leading to unstable sleep and waking behavioral patterns and an entirely idiosyncratic sleep-wake schedule.

Summary: Familiarity with these major circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorder phenotypes and their overlap with other neurologic disorders is essential for the neurologist so that clinicians may intervene and improve patient functioning and quality of life.
Optimization of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure by Monitoring CO2 Levels in the Subglottic Space in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Efrati Shai , Bolotin Gil , Levi Leon , Zaaroor Menashe , Guralnik Ludmila , Weksler Natan , Levinger Uriel , Soroksky Arie , Denman William T. , Gurman Gabriel M. 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND:
Many of the complications of mechanical ventilation are related to inappropriate endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff pressure. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of automatic cuff pressure closed-loop control in patients under prolonged intubation, where presence of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the subglottic space is used as an indicator for leaks. The primary outcome of the study is leakage around the cuff quantified using the area under the curve (AUC) of CO2 leakage over time.

METHODS:
This was a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled, noninferiority trial including intensive care unit patients. All patients were intubated with the AnapnoGuard ETT, which has an extra lumen used to monitor CO2 levels in the subglottic space.
The study group was connected to the AnapnoGuard system operating with cuff control adjusted automatically based on subglottic CO2 (automatic group). The control group was connected to the AnapnoGuard system, while cuff pressure was managed manually using a manometer 3 times/d (manual group). The system recorded around cuff CO2 leakage in both groups.

RESULTS:
Seventy-two patients were recruited and 64 included in the final analysis. The mean hourly around cuff CO2 leak (mm Hg AUC/h) was 0.22 ± 0.32 in the manual group and 0.09 ± 0.04 in the automatic group (P = .01) where the lower bound of the 1-sided 95% confidence interval was 0.05, demonstrating noninferiority (>−0.033). Additionally, the 2-sided 95% confidence interval was 0.010 to 0.196, showing superiority (>0.0) as well. Significant CO2 leakage (CO2 >2 mm Hg) was 0.027 ± 0.057 (mm Hg AUC/h) in the automatic group versus 0.296 ± 0.784 (mm Hg AUC/h) in the manual group (P = .025). In addition, cuff pressures were in the predefined safety range 97.6% of the time in the automatic group compared to 48.2% in the automatic group (P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study shows that the automatic cuff pressure group is not only noninferior but also superior compared to the manual cuff pressure group. Thus, the use of automatic cuff pressure control based on subglottic measurements of CO2 levels is an effective method for ETT cuff pressure optimization. The method is safe and can be easily utilized with any intubated patient.
Repeated Administration of Duloxetine Suppresses Neuropathic Pain by Accumulating Effects of Noradrenaline in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Ito Sachiko , Suto Takashi , Saito Shigeru , Obata Hideaki 
Published: August 2017

BACKGROUND:
Antidepressants are used to treat neuropathic pain and although the detailed mechanisms of their effects are unclear, the descending noradrenergic inhibitory system might play an important role. We tested our hypothesis that repeated administration of duloxetine suppresses neuropathic pain by restoring the descending noradrenergic inhibitory system in rats 6 weeks after spinal nerve ligation (SNL).

METHODS:
We subcutaneously injected SNL rats with duloxetine (10 mg kg−1 day−1) daily for 3 consecutive days and assessed behavioral hypersensitivity and noxious stimulus–induced analgesia (NSIA) activated by subcutaneous injection of capsaicin. We also performed microdialysis studies of the spinal cord, noradrenaline measurements of homogenized lumbar spinal tissue, and immunohistochemistry of the locus coeruleus.

RESULTS:
Three daily injections of duloxetine attenuated the mechanical hyperalgesia induced by SNL (SNL treated with vehicle: 88 ± 9.4 g versus SNL treated with duloxetine: 148 ± 13 g, P < .001; estimated treatment effect of duloxetine [95% confidence interval {CI}], 65 [50.6–79.4]; n = 6/group, on day 4) and recovered the decreased NSIA (vehicle: 154 ± 10 g versus duloxetine: 213 ± 33 g, P < .001; 71.3 [57.4–85.2]; n = 6/group, 30 minutes after injection). The noradrenaline content in the dorsal spinal cord increased bilaterally (SNL treated with vehicle: 946.7 ± 203.6 pg/g versus SNL treated with duloxetine: 1593.5 ± 181.4 pg/g, P < .001; 646.79 pg/g [481.61–811.97] on the ipsilateral side; SNL treated with vehicle: 845.0 ± 164.7 pg/g versus SNL treated with vehicle: 1557.2 ± 237.4 pg/g, P < .001; 712.17 pg/g [449.31–975.02] on the contralateral side). Intrathecal injection (IT) of the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist idazoxan reversed both the antihyperalgesic effect (before IT: 133 ± 5.7 g versus 30 minutes after IT: 85.8 ± 6.5 g, P < .001, −47 [−39.1 to −54.8], n = 6/group, and NSIA; vehicle-IT: 219 ± 7.4 g versus idazoxan-IT: 153 ± 10 g, P < .001; −65.8 g [−25.2 to −77.4] n = 6/group, 30 minutes after forepaw injection of capsaicin). Duloxetine treatment did not alter the noradrenaline release in the spinal cord after capsaicin injection (P = .415), or the fraction of nuclei positive for phosphorylated cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein in the locus coeruleus (P = 1.00 duloxetine versus vehicle 120 minutes after forepaw injection of vehicle and P = 1.00 duloxetine versus vehicle 120 minutes after forepaw injection of capsaicin).

CONCLUSIONS:
These findings suggest that 3 daily injections of duloxetine suppressed hyperalgesia and recovered impaired NSIA in rats 6 weeks after nerve injury. Both effects of duloxetine were reversed by IT of an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist. These findings suggest the inhibitory effects of duloxetine against neuropathic pain depend on recovery of the noradrenergic descending inhibitory system, especially in the spinal cord.
Building the “Plant Glossary”—A controlled botanical vocabulary using terms extracted from the Floras of North America and China
Authors: Endara Lorena , Cole Heather A. , Burleigh J. Gordon , Nagalingum Nathalie S. , Macklin James A. , Liu Jing , Ranade Sonali , Cui Hong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTaxonomic descriptions contain valuable phenotypic data that is often not directly accessible for modern evolutionary, ecological, or biodiversity analyses. We describe a process for building a consensus‐based controlled vocabulary from taxonomic descriptions for plants, which also can be applied for building controlled vocabularies for other taxon groups. Controlled vocabularies are useful as lexicons for text mining algorithms, as source of candidate terms for ontologies, and as guides to help future authors use domain vocabulary more appropriately and consistently. We extracted phenotype‐ describing phrases terms from descriptions of 30 volumes of theFlora of North AmericaandFlora of Chinaand merged these with terms from the Categorical Glossary of theFlora of North America.Seven contributors placed the terms into a set of categories until there was an agreement among two or more categorizations per term. Term categorization makes the meaning of a term more explicit for the subsequent users of the glossary. The resulting “Plant Glossary” (terms and categorization of terms) contains 9228 terms grouped in 53 categories. Differences in term categorization represented 49% of the categorization effort, and the many differences among individual classifications can be attributed to individual interpretation of terms and to the fluid nature of descriptive language used in Floras. The difficulties experienced while classifying the terms allowed us to explore cases where the use of language can hinder the accurate and detailed annotation of taxonomic descriptions. The Plant Glossary represents a significant step towards creating and enriching formal ontologies for plant phenotypes as the semantic phenomena found through this exercise is useful background information for building ontologies. The glossary has been used by new software to parse and annotate plant taxonomic descriptions, and over 6000 new terms are available for creating ontologies.
Nonlocal perturbations of the fractional Choquard equation
Authors: Singh Gurpreet 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe study the equation(-\Delta)^{s}u+V(x)u=(I_{\alpha}*\lvert u\rvert^{p})\lvert u\rvert^{p-2}u+% \lambda(I_{\beta}*\lvert u\rvert^{q})\lvert u\rvert^{q-2}u\quad\text{in }{% \mathbb{R}}^{N},where{I_{\gamma}(x)=\lvert x\rvert^{-\gamma}}for any{\gamma\in(0,N)},{p,q>0},{\alpha,\beta\in(0,N)},{N\geq 3}, and{\lambda\in{\mathbb{R}}}. First, the existence of groundstate solutions by using a minimization method on the associated Nehari manifold is obtained. Next, the existence of least energy sign-changing solutions is investigated by considering the Nehari nodal set.
On generalized Sasakian-space-forms with M-projective curvature tensor
Authors: De Uday Chand , Haseeb Abdul 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe object of the present paper is to study generalized Sasakian-space-forms satisfying the curvature condition{P(\xi,Y)\cdot W=0}. Moreover, ϕ-M-projectively semisymmetric and ϕ-pseudo-projectively semisymmetric generalized Sasakian-space-forms are also studied.
UWB Bandpass Filter with Ultra-wide Stopband based on Ring Resonator
Authors: Kazemi Maryam , Lotfi Saeedeh , Siahkamari Hesam , Mohammadpanah Mahmood 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter with ultra-wide stopband based on a rectangular ring resonator is presented. The filter is designed for the operational frequency band from 4.10 GHz to 10.80 GHz with an ultra-wide stopband from 11.23 GHz to 40 GHz. The even and odd equivalent circuits are used to achieve a suitable analysis of the proposed filter performance. To verify the design and analysis, the proposed bandpass filter is simulated using full-wave EM simulator Advanced Design System and fabricated on a 20mil thick Rogers_RO4003 substrate with relative permittivity of 3.38 and a loss tangent of 0.0021. The proposed filter behavior is investigated and simulation results are in good agreement with measurement results.
Molecular characterization of Ichtyobronema hamulatum (Moulton, 1931) (Nematoda: Quimperiidae), a common parasite of burbot Lota lota (Linnaeus) (Actinopterygii: Lotidae)
Authors: Sokolov S. G. , Malysheva S. V. 
Published: August 2017

Summary
The phylogenetic analysis of partial SSU, LSU (rDNA) and COI (mtDNA) sequences was performed for the quimperiid nematode Ichtyobronema hamulatum, a common parasite of the burbot Lota lota. The study of SSU (for 2007 bp long alignment) has shown that in all kinds of analyses I. hamulatum cluster with Paraquimperia africana (Quimperiidae), while another quimperiid, Paraseuratum sp., unites in a separate clade with Spectatus spectatus (Kathlaniidae). Both groups do not form direct phylogenetic links with the rest of seuratoid nematodes (i.e. Cucullanidae and Seuratidae). Obtained data (for 1080 bp long alignment) exhibit the phylogenetic affinity of I. hamulatum and P. africana with kathlaniids of the genus Falcaustra. The analysis of LSU sequences has revealed that I. hamulatum occupies the basal position in relation to all other members of Spirurina and Rhabditina.
In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic activity of extracts from Artemisia parviflora and A. sieversiana
Authors: Irum S. , Ahmed H. , Mirza B. , Donskow-Łysoniewska K. , Muhammad A. , Qayyum M. , Simsek S. 
Published: August 2017

Summary
In the northern areas of Pakistan, the use of Artemisia based therapeutics is a common practice. Plants of genus Artemisia are known to possess anthelmintic and therapeutic effect. Infections caused by gastrointestinal nematodes are major threat to livestock industry across the world resulting in loss of production and indirect economic losses due to high cost of anthelmintic drugs. Present study was carried out to evaluate in vitro and in vivo effect of Artemisia sieversiana and Artemisia parviflora on Haemonchus contortus, a parasitic nematode of small ruminants. Methanolic plant extract was tested against three different developmental stages using an egg hatch assay, infective larvae and adult worm motility assay. Different concentrations were used for the bioassays and post exposure mortality was recorded after 8 hr for adult worms and infective larvae, while egg inhibition percentage was observed after 27 hr. A highly significant ability to inhibit the egg hatching (100 %) was recorded for both plant extracts while, the highest activity for adult worm assay and larvicidal assay was 90 % for A. sieversiana. The highest activity for adult motility and larvicidal assay for A. parviflora was 89 % and 86.6 % respectively. For in vivo trials maximum parentage reduction was 77.0 % for A. sieversiana and 73.6 % for A. parviflora. It is concluded that selected plant extracts were effective in reducing worm burden in animals.
Detection of Dirofilaria immitis in a brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Greece
Authors: Papadopoulos E. , Komnenou A. , Poutachides T. , Heikkinen P. , Oksanen A. , Karamanlidis A. A. 
Published: August 2017

Summary

Dirofilaria immitis (canine heartworm) is a filarial nematode found in the pulmonary circulation and the heart of susceptible hosts. It represents an important zoonotic vector-borne disease of domestic dogs and several wildlife species. Herein we report for the first time, the finding of Dirofilaria immitis worms in a brown bear killed in a vehicle collision in Northern Greece. The worms were morphologically identified; molecular examination, based on the analysis of the mitochondrial genes 12S (433 bp) and CO1 (610 bp), verified the identification by demonstrating 100% similarity to D. immitis specimens deposited in GenBank. Brown bears in Greece occupy habitats that are shared with the potential wild and domestic hosts and the vectors of D. immitis and thus may be particularly susceptible to this parasite. This report contributes to the knowledge of dirofilariosis spread in Europe and on the epidemiological threats that may affect the survival of the endangered brown bear in Greece.
HDAC1 triggers the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells via upregulation of interleukin-8
Authors: Tang Zhaohui , Ding Sijuan , Huang Honglin , Luo Pengfei , Qing Bohua , Zhang Siyuan , Tang Ruoting 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTargeted inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) is one of the potent anticancer therapy approaches. Our data showed that mRNA and protein levels of HDAC1 in breast cancer cells were greater than that in normal fibroblast 3T3 cells and normal epithelial breast MCF10A cells. The mRNA levels of HDAC1 in 75% of breast cancer tissues (18/24) were greater than that in their corresponding adjacent normal tissues. Knockdown of HDAC1 by specific siRNAs can suppress the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells and inhibit the expression of interleukin-8 (IL-8), while not IL-6. While recombinant IL-8 (rIL-8) can attenuate the suppression effects of si-HDAC1 on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells. HDAC1 can positively regulate the transcription and promoter activities of IL-8. While NF-κB and MAPK, two important signals responsible for the transcription of IL-8, did not mediate HDAC1 regulated IL-8 expression. The expression and nuclear translocation of Snail were increased in HDAC1 over expressed breast cancer cells. Targeted inhibition of Snail can attenuate HDAC1 over expression induced cell proliferation and migration. Collectively, our data showed that HDAC1 can trigger the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells via activation of Snail/IL-8 signals.
Metabolic syndrome in Iranian adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Dabbaghmanesh Mohammad H. , Naderi Tahereh , Akbarzadeh Marzieh , Tabatabaee Hamidreza 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Metabolic syndrome (MS) in adolescents is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.

Objective
The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of MS in 14–18-year-old girls.

Methods
This analytical case-control study was conducted on 3200 high school students with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). PCOS was confirmed by an endocrinologist after detection of clinical hyperandrogenism (acne, hirsutism and alopecia) and oligomenorrhea, rejection of hypothyroidism and hyperprolactinemia and performance of abdominal sonography. In the second stage, the prevalence of MS was compared between 70 girls with PCOS and 45 healthy girls using the ATPIII, Cooki and Ferranti scales. The study data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, body mass index (BMI) graph, the WC graph and standard blood pressure graph in adolescents. Then, the data were analyzed using the t-test and the χ2-test.

Results
Based on the Ferranti scale, the prevalence of MS was 10.4% and 0% in the case and control groups, respectively. The highest prevalence was related to hyperandrogenism and polycystic ovaries phenotype (11.6% vs. 0%, p = 0.05). Based on the Cooki and ATPIII scales, the prevalence of this disorder was 4.1% in the case group and 0.67% in the control group, with the highest rate being related to hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovaries phenotype (7.5% vs. 0%, p = 0.28).

Conclusion
In comparison to the control group, the prevalence of MS in the patients with PCOS was 10-fold higher according to the Ferranti scale and nearly 3.5-fold higher based on the Cooki and ATPIII scales. Thus, long-term follow-up is suggested in these patients.
Impacts of Stone Mining and Crushing on Stream Characters and Vegetation Health of Dwarka River Basin of Jharkhand and West Bengal, Eastern India
Authors: Pal Swades , Mandal Indrajit 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Dwarka River basin (3882.71 km2) of Eastern India in the Chotonagpur Plateau and Gangetic Plain is highly affected by stone mining and crushing generated dust. In the middle catchment of this basin, there are 239 stone mines and 982 stone crushing units. These produce approximately 258120 tons of dust every year and this dust enters into the river and coats the leaves of plants. On the one hand, this is aggrading in the stream bed, increasing sediment load, decreasing water quality, specifically increasing total dissolved solid, pH, water colour, and it also degrades the vegetation quality. Vegetation quality is also degraded as indicated by decreasing of NDVI values (maximum NDVI in 1990 was 0.70 and in 2016 it was 0.48). Considering all these issues, the present paper intends to identify dust vulnerable zones based on six major driving parameters and the impact of the dust on river morphology, water quality and vegetation quality in different vulnerable zones. Weighted linear combination method (in Arc Gis environment) is used for compositing the selected parameters and deriving vulnerable zones. Weight to the each parameter is assigned based on analytic hierarchy process, a semi quantitative method. According to the results, 579.64 km2 (14.93%) of the catchment area is very highly vulnerable: Here 581 rivers have a length of 713 km and these riversare prone to high dust deposition, increased sediment load and water quality deterioration.