bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher body mass index is associated with reduced posterior default mode connectivity in older adults
Authors: Beyer Frauke , Kharabian Masouleh Sharzhad , Huntenburg Julia M. , Lampe Leonie , Luck Tobias , Riedel‐Heller Steffi G , Loeffler Markus , Schroeter Matthias L. , Stumvoll Michael , Villringer Arno , Witte A. Veronica 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObesity is a complex neurobehavioral disorder that has been linked to changes in brain structure and function. However, the impact of obesity on functional connectivity and cognition in aging humans is largely unknown. Therefore, the association of body mass index (BMI), resting‐state network connectivity, and cognitive performance in 712 healthy, well‐characterized older adults of the Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE) cohort (60–80 years old, mean BMI 27.6 kg/m2 ± 4.2 SD, main sample: n = 521, replication sample: n = 191) was determined. Statistical analyses included a multivariate model selection approach followed by univariate analyses to adjust for possible confounders. Results showed that a higher BMI was significantly associated with lower default mode functional connectivity in the posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus. The effect remained stable after controlling for age, sex, head motion, registration quality, cardiovascular, and genetic factors as well as in replication analyses. Lower functional connectivity in BMI‐associated areas correlated with worse executive function. In addition, higher BMI correlated with stronger head motion. Using 3T neuroimaging in a large cohort of healthy older adults, independent negative associations of obesity and functional connectivity in the posterior default mode network were observed. In addition, a subtle link between lower resting‐state connectivity in BMI‐associated regions and cognitive function was found. The findings might indicate that obesity is associated with patterns of decreased default mode connectivity similar to those seen in populations at risk for Alzheimer's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3502–3515, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survival outcomes for cutaneous angiosarcoma of the scalp versus face
Authors: Bernstein Jonathan M. , Irish Jonathan C. , Brown Dale H. , Goldstein David , Chung Peter , Razak Albiruni R. Abdul , Catton Charles , Gilbert Ralph W. , Gullane Patrick J. , O'Sullivan Brian 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe primary purpose of this study was to examine whether angiosarcoma outcomes differ for the scalp and face.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective outcomes analysis of 50 patients with cutaneous angiosarcoma treated by curative intent identified from the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre Registry (from 1958 to 2014).ResultsMedian survival was 26 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 17.6–34.6) and median follow‐up 29 months. For the scalp and face, respectively, the 5‐year locoregional control rate was 9% and 53% (p = .04); the recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rate was 5% and 27% (p = .017); and the overall survival (OS) rate was 9% and 26% (p = .017). Scalp lesions were larger, more likely to be multifocal, and presented more rapidly once noticed. In multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis, scalp location was independently prognostic for mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 2.10; 95% CI, 1.03–4.28; p = .04).ConclusionScalp angiosarcoma has worse survival than angiosarcoma of the face. Scalp angiosarcoma tends to be larger at presentation, which may be because it is not noticed until more advanced. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1205–1211, 2017
Insights on stream temperature processes through development of a coupled hydrologic and stream temperature model for forested coastal headwater catchments
Authors: Leach Jason A. , Moore Dan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractStream temperature controls a number of biological, chemical, and physical processes occurring in aquatic environments. Transient snow cover and advection associated with lateral throughflow inputs can have a dominant influence on stream thermal regimes for headwater catchments in the rain‐on‐snow zone. Most existing stream temperature models lack the ability to properly simulate these processes. We developed and evaluated a conceptual‐parametric catchment‐scale stream temperature model that includes the role of transient snow cover and lateral advection associated with throughflow. The model consists of routines for simulating canopy interception, snow accumulation and melt, hillslope throughflow runoff and temperature, and stream channel energy exchange processes. The model was used to predict discharge and stream temperature for a small forested headwater catchment near Vancouver, Canada, using long‐term (1963–2013) weather data to compute model forcing variables. The model was evaluated against 4 years of observed stream temperature. The model generally predicted daily mean stream temperature accurately (annual RMSE between 0.57 and 1.24 °C) although it overpredicted daily summer stream temperatures by up to 3 °C during extended low streamflow conditions. Model development and testing provided insights on the roles of advection associated with lateral throughflow, channel interception of snow, and surface–subsurface water interactions on stream thermal regimes. This study shows that a relatively simple but process‐based model can provide reasonable stream temperature predictions for forested headwater catchments located in the rain‐on‐snow zone.
Population Pharmacokinetics and Target Engagement of Natalizumab in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Muralidharan Kumar Kandadi , Kuesters Geoffrey , Plavina Tatiana , Subramanyam Meena , Mikol Daniel D. , Gopal Sreeja , Nestorov Ivan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNatalizumab (humanized immunoglobulin G4 antibody targeting alpha‐4 integrins) is a highly efficacious treatment for relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) that has been in clinical use since 2006. However, natalizumab pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics and concentration alpha‐4 integrin saturation relationships have not been well described in the scientific literature. Therefore, clinical data from 11 studies were pooled and analyzed to characterize the PK and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of natalizumab in RRMS subjects. Natalizumab PK was best described using a 2‐compartment model with linear first‐order and Michaelis‐Menten elimination. Subcutaneous absorption of natalizumab was characterized using first‐order absorption with lag time. The relationship between natalizumab concentration and alpha‐4 integrin saturation (PD) was best described by a direct response model with a sigmoidal effect on alpha‐4 integrin saturation mediated by a maximum effect relationship with natalizumab concentrations. Covariate analysis showed that body weight, product formulations, and the presence of antinatalizumab antibodies were the main covariates affecting natalizumab PK, whereas age and formulations affected PD. The use of simulations based on a pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic model showed that covariates, although statistically significant, are not expected to have any clinical impact at the approved clinical dosing regimen of natalizumab (300 mg once every 4 weeks).
Statins and Lower Gastrointestinal Conditions: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pearlman Michelle , Covin Yvonne , Schmidt Robert , Mortensen Eric M. , Mansi Ishak A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSeveral studies have reported constipation, abdominal pain, or diarrhea as common adverse events for statins. Statins are among the most commonly prescribed medications, and the impact on the prevalence of these conditions was rarely studied as main outcomes. The aim of this study is to determine if statin therapy is associated with constipation, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or colitis. This was a retrospective cohort study using a regional military health care data from October 1, 2003, to March 1, 2012. A propensity score–matched cohort of statin users and nonusers was created based on 82 variables. The primary analysis evaluated the odds ratios of the following diagnoses: constipation, ≥3 encounters for constipation; abdominal pain, ≥3 encounters for abdominal pain; diarrhea, ≥3 encounters for diarrhea; colitis, ≥3 encounters for colitis; and endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract, ≥3 endoscopies of the lower gastrointestinal tract. After propensity score matching of 6342 statin users and 6342 nonusers, there was no statistically significant difference in constipation (OR, 0.96; 95%CI, 0.87–1.05; P = .33), abdominal pain (OR, 0.95; 95%CI, 0.88–1.02; P = .15), or colitis (OR, 1.02; 95%CI, 0.91–1.14; P = .73). However, there was an association between statin therapy and endoscopy of the lower gastrointestinal tract (OR, 1.14; 95%CI, 1.04–1.26; P = .002) and decreased odds of diarrhea (OR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.80–0.97; P = .01). In this retrospective cohort study, an association between statin therapy and increased likelihood of being diagnosed with lower gastrointestinal conditions could not be demonstrated, contrary to some statins package inserts.
A comparative study of bacterial and fungal‐bacterial steady‐state stages of a biofilter in gaseous toluene removal: performance and microbial community
Authors: Zhai Jian , Shi Peng , Wang Zhu , Jiang Haitao , Long Chao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDTraditional biofilters can lack efficiency in removing hydrophobic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) due to their low gas‐to‐liquid phase transfer rates. The aim of this research was to construct a high‐performance biofilter for toluene removal, compare the degradation performance with that of a traditional biofilter and reveal the relationship between the microbial community and operational performance with different operational parameters.RESULTSThe results illustrate that compared with conventional biofilters, the removal efficiency (RE) and the maximum elimination capacity (ECmax) of the high‐performance, fungal and bacterial biofilter (F&B‐BF) increased by 19.6% and 18 g toluene m‐3 h‐1, respectively. The bed pressure drop (ΔP/H) decreased by 1.6 cm H2O m‐1 at an empty bed residence time (EBRT) of 45 s at pH 4.0 and using nitrate (NO3‐) as a nitrogen source.CONCLUSIONLow pH values could properly inhibit bacterial growth and progressively allow fungi to predominate in the biofilm. The degrading capabilities of fungi and bacteria were coupled to improve the biofilter performance in toluene removal. Using NO3‐ as the nitrogen source could control the biofilms' overgrowth and reduce the ΔP/H value. The experimental data analysis showed that the fungal genus Phialophora and the bacterial genus Alicyclobacillus played key roles in toluene and phenol degradation, respectively. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic Profile ofMabuyasp. (Squamata: Scincidae) Ovary and Placenta During Gestation
Authors: Hernández‐Díaz Nathaly , Torres Rodrigo , Ramírez‐Pinilla Martha Patricia 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTReptiles are one of the most diverse groups of vertebrates, providing an integrated system for comparative studies on metabolic, animal physiology, and developmental biology. However, the molecular data available are limited and only recently have started to call attention in the “omics” sciences.Mabuyasp. is a viviparous placentrotrophic skink with particular reproductive features, including microlecithal eggs, early luteolysis, prolonged gestation, and development of a highly specialized placenta. This placenta is responsible for respiratory exchange and the transference of all nutrients necessary for embryonic development. Our aim was to identify differentially expressed proteins in the ovary and placenta ofMabuyasp. during early, mid, and late gestation; their possible metabolic pathways; and biological processes. We carried out a comparative proteomic analysis during gestation in both tissues by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis, and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization. Differential protein expression in both tissues (Student's t‐testP< 0.05) was related to several processes such as cell structure, cell movement, and energy. Proteins found in ovary are mainly associated with follicular development and its regulation. In the placenta, particularly during mid and late gestation, protein expression is involved in nutrient metabolism, transport, protein synthesis, and embryonic development. This work provides new insights about the proteins expressed and their physiological mechanisms inMabuyasp. placenta and ovary during gestation.
On the Origin of Complex Adaptive Traits: Progress Since the Darwin Versus Mivart Debate
Authors: Suzuki Takao K. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe evolutionary origin of complex adaptive traits has been a controversial topic in the history of evolutionary biology. Although Darwin argued for the gradual origins of complex adaptive traits within the theory of natural selection, Mivart insisted that natural selection could not account for the incipient stages of complex traits. The debate starting from Darwin and Mivart eventually engendered two opposite views: gradualism and saltationism. Although this has been a long‐standing debate, the issue remains unresolved. However, recent studies have interrogated classic examples of complex traits, such as the asymmetrical eyes of flatfishes and leaf mimicry of butterfly wings, whose origins were debated by Darwin and Mivart. Here, I review recent findings as a starting point to provide a modern picture of the evolution of complex adaptive traits. First, I summarize the empirical evidence that unveils the evolutionary steps toward complex traits. I then argue that the evolution of complex traits could be understood within the concept of “reducible complexity.” Through these discussions, I propose a conceptual framework for the formation of complex traits, named as reducible‐composable multicomponent systems, that satisfy two major characteristics: reducibility into a sum of subcomponents and composability to construct traits from various additional and combinatorial arrangements of the subcomponents. This conceptual framework provides an analytical foundation for exploring evolutionary pathways to build up complex traits. This review provides certain essential avenues for deciphering the origin of complex adaptive traits.
Identification of inorganic and organic inclusions in the subglacial antarctic Lake Vostok ice with Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Böttger U. , Bulat S. A. , Hanke F. , Pavlov S. G. , Greiner‐Bär M. , Hübers H.‐W. 
Published: April 2017

The investigation of inclusions entrapped into the accretion ice of the subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica gives an insight into former times of the Antarctic history. Terrestrial (of biological and geologically mineralogical origin) as well as extraterrestrial (meteorites) materials are hermetically embedded in the Vostok ice core and provide information about the conditions and events on Earth existed/occurred during last million years. Confocal Raman spectroscopy is well suited for the analysis of the inclusions without melting the ice and, therefore, preventing undesirable contamination with present‐day material. It is a nondestructive method for material identification with depth resolving capability. It permits a locally precise statement about the chemical–mineralogical composition and allows the context information preservation of several side by side inclusions.Here, we present first results of our Raman measurements of the inclusion embedded in the Lake Vostok ice sample 5G‐3 3607‐4 (3607‐m depth). The results obtained confirm that Raman spectroscopy is a very useful method for the exploration of inclusions entrapped into lattice of any natural ice. As Raman spectroscopy is already planned to be applied in upcoming missions in space research (ExoMars, Mars 2020, to the icy moons), a co‐operation of the space science community with the Antarctica–Lake Vostok community is suggested to test the space instrumentation under the extreme environment of the Central East Antarctica and conditions of the subglacial Lake Vostok. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physicochemical and in vitro antioxidant properties of pectin extracted from hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L. var. acuminatum (Fingerh.)) residues with hydrochloric and sulfuric acids
Authors: Xu Honggao , Tai Kedong , Wei Tong , Yuan Fang , Gao Yanxiang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDTransformation of hot pepper residues to value‐added products with concomitant benefits on environmental pollution would be of great value to capsicum oleoresin manufacturers. Pectin, a soluble dietary fiber with multiple functions, from hot pepper residues was investigated in this study.RESULTSThe extraction of hot pepper pectin using hydrochloric acid was first optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The most efficient parameters for maximum hot pepper pectin yield (14.63%, dry basis) were a pH of 1.0, a temperature of 90 °C, an extraction time of 2 h and a liquid‐to‐solid ratio of 20 L g−1. The pectin was mainly composed of uronic acids, and the major neutral sugars were galactose and glucose. The structure of hot pepper pectin was characterized by homogalacturonan and rhamnogalacturonan I elements. The physicochemical properties of hot pepper pectin extracted by sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid were further investigated. The content of protein and degree of esterification in hot pepper pectin extracted with sulfuric acid solution (SP) were higher (P < 0.05) than those in that extracted with hydrochloric acid solution (HP), while the mean molecular weight of SP was lower than that of HP. Compared with HP, SP exhibited higher viscosity and better emulsifying property.CONCLUSIONBased on the yield and physicochemical properties of hot pepper pectin, hot pepper residues would be a new source to obtain pectin, and SP would be more preferred than HP. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Microbiomes of the normal middle ear and ears with chronic otitis media
Authors: Minami Shujiro B. , Mutai Hideki , Suzuki Tomoko , Horii Arata , Oishi Naoki , Wasano Koichiro , Katsura Motoyasu , Tanaka Fujinobu , Takiguchi Tetsuya , Fujii Masato , Kaga Kimitaka 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to profile and compare the middle ear microbiomes of human subjects with and without chronic otitis media.Study DesignProspective multicenter cohort study.MethodsAll consecutive patients undergoing tympanoplasty surgery for chronic otitis media or ear surgery for conditions other than otitis media were recruited. Sterile swab samples were collected from the middle ear mucosa during surgery. The variable region 4 of the 16S rRNA gene in each sample were amplified using region‐specific primers adapted for the Illumina MiSeq sequencer (Illumina, CA, USA)). The sequences were subjected to local blast and classified using Metagenome@KIN (World Fusion, Tokyo, Japan).ResultsIn total, 155 participants were recruited from seven medical centers. Of these, 88 and 67 had chronic otitis media and normal middle ears, respectively. The most abundant bacterial phyla on the mucosal surfaces of the normal middle ears were Proteobacteria, followed by Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. The children and adults with normal middle ears differed significantly in terms of middle ear microbiomes. Subjects with chronic otitis media without active inflammation (dry ear) had similar middle ear microbiomes as the normal middle ears group. Subjects with chronic otitis media with active inflammation (wet ear) had a lower prevalence of Proteobacteria and a higher prevalence of Firmicutes than the normal middle ears.ConclusionThe human middle ear is inhabited by more diverse microbial communities than was previously thought. Alteration of the middle ear microbiome may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic otitis media with active inflammation.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 127:E371–E377, 2017
MRI surveillance of vestibular schwannomas without contrast enhancement: Clinical and economic evaluation
Authors: Coelho Daniel H. , Tang Yang , Suddarth Brian , Mamdani Mohammed 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo determine if high‐resolution T2‐weighted (HRT2) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a comparably accurate and economical alternative to the gold standard of contrast‐enhanced T1‐weighted (T1C) MRI for surveillance of know vestibular schwannomas (VSs).Study DesignRetrospective case‐control analysis, systematic review, and economic evaluation.MethodsVestibular schwannoma size in anteroposterior, mediolateral, and superoinferior axes were measured by two neuroradiologists, both blinded to previous measurements, for 50 randomized patients with T1C and HRT2 on two separate occasions. Measurements were assessed by Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficients, and differences were analyzed by Studentttest. Once the data were analyzed, appropriate economic evaluation was performed utilizing institutional‐, federal‐, and literature‐based estimates of cost and incidence/prevalence.ResultsPearson correlations (r) between T1C and HRT2 were 0.991 and 0.973 for radiologists 1 and 2, respectively, with no statistically significant differences (P≤ 0.05) between imaging techniques. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability estimates (κ) were 0.88 to 1 for both T1C and HRT2, indicating very high reliability. Cost‐minimization analysis demonstrated cost and charge differences of $148.02 and $1,284 per patient per scan, respectively. This represents an overall cost and charge savings for this 50‐patient cohort of $7,401 and $64,200, respectively.ConclusionHRT2 imaging is a highly reliable and lower‐cost alternative to T1C for follow‐up surveillance scans in patients with VS.Level of Evidence2C.Laryngoscope, 128:202–209, 2018
Polydioxanone plates are safe and effective for L‐strut support in functional septorhinoplasty
Authors: Fuller Jennifer C. , Levesque Patricia A. , Lindsay Robin W. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the safety, efficacy, and result stability of polydioxanone (PDS) plate use for L‐strut stabilization.Study DesignRetrospective analysis of a prospective cohort.MethodsPatients who underwent functional septorhinoplasty with the use of PDS plates between January 2013 and January 2017 were administered the Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale pre‐ and postoperatively at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months. Patient demographics, reason for PDS use, graft type, complications, and outcomes were analyzed.ResultsEighty‐eight patients aged 34.3 years (standard deviation [SD] = 15.7 years; range, 7.5–71.5 years) were included. All patients were found to have a fracture and/or severe deviation of the L‐strut for which the PDS plate was used for rigid support. Mean preoperative NOSE score 65.2 (SD = 22.1) significantly decreased to 19.6 (SD = 21.6) at 7.2 months (SD = 5.5 months) postoperatively. There were no significant differences in NOSE scores between follow‐up time points. There was one complication, a septal abscess, and one revision.ConclusionsA PDS plate is a safe and effective material to be utilized in functional septorhinoplasty for patients with a fracture or iatrogenic injury to the septal L‐strut or poor quality septal cartilage that requires stability without additional width. Outcomes are stable at 6 and 12 months, after the plate has dissolved. The use of a PDS plate may decrease the need for rib grafting in patients with a history of previous septoplasty and persistent nasal obstruction with a dorsal or caudal C‐shaped septal deformity or fracture of the L‐strut.Level of Evidence2c. Laryngoscope, 127:2725–2730, 2017