bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The combination of three molecular markers can be a valuable predictive tool for the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Authors: Chen Sheng-Sen , Yu Kang-Kang , Ling Qing-Xia , Huang Chong , Li Ning , Zheng Jian-Ming , Bao Su-Xia , Cheng Qi , Zhu Meng-Qi , Chen Ming-Quan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBased on molecular profiling, several prognostic markers for HCC are also used in clinic, but only a few genes have been identified as useful. We collected 72 post-operative liver cancer tissue samples. Genes expression were tested by RT-PCR. Multilayer perceptron and discriminant analysis were built and their ability to predict the prognosis of HCC patients were tested. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed and multivariate analysis with Cox’s Proportional Hazard Model was used for confirming the markers’predictive efficiency for HCC patients’survival. A simple risk scoring system devised for further predicting the prognosis of liver tumor patients. Multilayer perceptron and discriminant analysis showed a very strong predictive value in evaluating liver cancer patients’prognosis. Cox multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that DUOX1, GLS2, FBP1 and age were independent risk factors for the prognosis of HCC patients after surgery. Finally, the risk scoring system revealed that patients whose total score >1 and >3 are more likely to relapse and die than patients whose total score ≤1 and ≤3. The three genes model proposed proved to be highly predictive of the HCC patients’ prognosis. Implementation of risk scoring system in clinical practice can help in evaluating survival of HCC patients after operation.
Cage-bell Pt-Pd nanostructures with enhanced catalytic properties and superior methanol tolerance for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Chen Dong , Ye Feng , Liu Hui , Yang Jun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPrecisely tailoring the structure and fully making use of the components of nanoparticles are effective to enhance their catalytic performance for a given reaction. We herein demonstrate the design of cage-bell structured Pt-Pd nanoparticles, where a Pd shell is deliberately selected to enhance the catalytic property and methanol tolerance of Pt for oxygen reduction reaction. This strategy starts with the synthesis of core-shell Pt@Ag nanoparticles, followed by galvanic replacement reaction between the Ag shell and Pd2+ ions to form core-shell-shell Pt@Ag@Ag-Pd nanoparticles with a Pt core and double shells composed of Ag at inner and alloy Ag-Pd at outer, respectively. Then, the core-shell-shell templates are agitated with saturated NaCl solution to eliminate the Ag component from the double shells, leading to the formation of bimetallic Pt-Pd nanoparticles with a cage-bell structure, defined as a movable Pt core enclosed by a porous Pd shell, which show enhanced catalytic activity for oxygen reduction compared with that of the Pt seeds due to the additional catalysis from Pd shell. In addition, owing to the different diffusion behavior of methanol and oxygen molecules in the porous Pd shell, the Pt-Pd cage-bell nanostructures also exhibit superior methanol tolerant property in catalyzing the oxygen reduction.
Secondary School Teachers' Beliefs, Attitudes, and Reactions to Stuttering
Authors: Adriaensens Stefanie , Struyf Elke 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The study identifies teachers' beliefs about and attitudes toward stuttering and explores to what extent these beliefs and attitudes prompt specific teachers' reactions to the stuttering of a student.

Method
Participants were teachers in secondary education in Flanders (Belgium), currently teaching an adolescent who stutters. They were the student's class teacher or instructed a course in which communication is important. Ten semistructured interviews were conducted and analyzed thematically.

Results
Teachers believed that (a) when peers do not react to the stuttering, the lesson is not disrupted by it, and the student who stutters participates in the lesson, stuttering is not necessarily a problem; (b) when attention is paid to it, stuttering can become a problem; (c) they try to react as little as possible to the stuttering; and (d) they seldom talk about the stuttering.

Conclusion
Although teachers reported that they feel confident in how to deal with stuttering, and although it is possible that students who stutter do not feel the need to talk about their stuttering, teachers could consult their students on this matter. This way, they would acknowledge the stuttering and likely encourage the students to approach them when they feel the need.
Gate‐drive circuit with efficient energy recovery based on DC/DC converter
Authors: Yu Juzheng , Liu Peng , Qian Qinsong , Sun Weifeng , Lu Shengli 
Published: April 2016

A gate driver with efficient energy recovery based on bidirectional buck/boost converter is proposed. The proposed gate‐drive circuit is constructed by power supply, energy storage module and energy converter. Instead of discharging directly in conventional gate drivers, gate charge Qg in the proposed gate driver is released to the storage capacitor during turning‐off transition of power MOSFET. Principle of the proposed gate driver is analysed, and design consideration of key parameters are also suggested. The gate‐drive losses of the proposed gate driver and resonant gate driver are, respectively, tested as 0.102 and 0.125 W at 100 kHz. The test result proves that power consumption of the proposed gate driver is significantly decreased.
Neural correlates of the LSD experience revealed by multimodal neuroimaging
Authors: Carhart-Harris Robin L. , Muthukumaraswamy Suresh , Roseman Leor , Kaelen Mendel , Droog Wouter , Murphy Kevin , Tagliazucchi Enzo , Schenberg Eduardo E. , Nest Timothy , Orban Csaba , Leech Robert , Williams Luke T. , Williams Tim M. , Bolstridge Mark , Sessa Ben , McGonigle John , Sereno Martin I. , Nichols David , Hellyer Peter J. , Hobden Peter , Evans John , Singh Krish D. , Wise Richard G. , Curran H. Valerie , Feilding Amanda , Nutt David J. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), the prototypical “psychedelic,” may be unique among psychoactive substances. In the decades that followed its discovery, the magnitude of its effect on science, the arts, and society was unprecedented. LSD produces profound, sometimes life-changing experiences in microgram doses, making it a particularly powerful scientific tool. Here we sought to examine its effects on brain activity, using cutting-edge and complementary neuroimaging techniques in the first modern neuroimaging study of LSD. Results revealed marked changes in brain blood flow, electrical activity, and network communication patterns that correlated strongly with the drug’s hallucinatory and other consciousness-altering properties. These results have implications for the neurobiology of consciousness and for potential applications of LSD in psychological research.
Stimulus features coded by single neurons of a macaque body category selective patch
Authors: Popivanov Ivo D. , Schyns Philippe G. , Vogels Rufin 
Published: April 2016

Significance
A fundamental and understudied question is that of the higher-level features that actually drive neuronal responses to complex images. Although previous single-unit studies developed our knowledge of the features driving face-selective regions, little is known about the feature selectivity of neurons in body-selective regions. Using a reverse correlation technique, we reveal for the first time to our knowledge the image fragments coded by single neurons of a body-selective region defined by functional imaging. We found that the neurons respond to local fragments, such as extremities (e.g. leg fragments) and curved boundaries (e.g. shoulder), tolerating position and scale changes, with evidence of opponent body coding in a few neurons. Thus, our data offer new insights on how the brain codes higher-level features.
Moral consequences of becoming unemployed
Authors: Barr Abigail , Miller Luis , Ubeda Paloma 
Published: April 2016

SignificanceUnemployment has devastating effects on people’s economic and social circumstances. Its negative effects on mental health and subjective well-being are also well documented. However, until now, there has been no quantitative evaluation of the moral consequences of unemployment. Here, using behavioral experiments and an unusual subject engagement strategy, we present evidence that becoming unemployed erodes the extent to which a person acknowledges earned entitlement, i.e., acknowledges an individual’s right to that gained through his or her own effort or endeavor. This finding has important implications for the way we should think about economic and political systems. It indicates that, in addition to a causal link running from preferences to outcomes, there exists a feedback loop from outcomes to preferences that needs to be taken into account when considering system dynamics.
Dynamical network of residue–residue contacts reveals coupled allosteric effects in recognition, catalysis, and mutation
Authors: Doshi Urmi , Holliday Michael J. , Eisenmesser Elan Z. , Hamelberg Donald 
Published: April 2016

SignificanceHow exactly protein motions facilitate substrate recognition and catalysis has remained largely unanswered. Characterization of protein dynamics at atomistic level is essential to understanding function. Molecular dynamics and NMR are helpful in this regard; however, analyzing multidimensional data from very long molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to elucidate key dynamical features observed in NMR remains very challenging. We present results from an approach for data analysis in which dynamics is defined in terms of interresidue contact formation and breaking. Analyzing simulation data on a therapeutically important Cyclophilin A and carrying out NMR experiments, we uncovered remarkable and unprecedented changes in its motions at a site over 15 Å from the active site upon substrate binding and how mutation in this distal site affects catalysis.
Thermal conditions influence changes in body temperature induced by intragastric administration of capsaicin in mice
Authors: Mori Noriyuki , Urata Tomomi , Fukuwatari Tsutomu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Capsaicin has been reported to have unique thermoregulatory actions. However, changes in core temperature after the administration of capsaicin are a controversial point. Therefore, we investigated the effects of environmental thermal conditions on changes in body temperature caused by capsaicin in mice. We showed that intragastric administration of 10 and 15 mg/kg capsaicin increased tail temperature and decreased colonic temperatures in the core temperature (CT)-constant and CT-decreasing conditions. In the CT-increasing condition, 15 mg/kg capsaicin increased tail temperature and decreased colonic temperature. However, 10 mg/kg capsaicin increased colonic temperature. Furthermore, the amount of increase in tail temperature was greater in the CT-decreasing condition and lower in the CT-increasing condition, compared with that of the CT-constant condition. These findings suggest that the changes in core temperature were affected by the environmental thermal conditions and that preliminary thermoregulation state might be more important than the constancy of temperature to evaluate the effects of heat diffusion and thermogensis.
Nonlinear excitation of subcritical fast ion-driven modes
Authors: Lesur M. , Itoh K. , Ido T. , Itoh S.-I. , Kosuga Y. , Sasaki M. , Inagaki S. , Osakabe M. , Ogawa K. , Shimizu A. , Ida K. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In collisionless plasma, it is known that linearly stable modes can be destabilized (subcritically) by the presence of structures in phase-space. The growth of such structures is a nonlinear, kinetic mechanism, which provides a channel for free-energy extraction, different from conventional inverse Landau damping. However, such nonlinear growth requires the presence of a seed structure with a relatively large threshold in amplitude. We demonstrate that, in the presence of another, linearly unstable (supercritical) mode, wave–wave coupling can provide a seed, which can lead to subcritical instability by either one of two mechanisms. Both mechanisms hinge on a collaboration between fluid nonlinearity and kinetic nonlinearity. If collisional velocity diffusion is low enough, the seed provided by the supercritical mode overcomes the threshold for nonlinear growth of phase-space structure. Then, the supercritical mode triggers the conventional subcritical instability. If collisional velocity diffusion is too large, the seed is significantly below the threshold, but can still grow by a sustained collaboration between fluid and kinetic nonlinearities. Both of these subcritical instabilities can be triggered, even when the frequency of the supercritical mode is rapidly sweeping. These results were obtained by modeling the subcritical mode kinetically, and the impact of the supercritical mode by simple wave–wave coupling equations. This model is applied to bursty onset of geodesic acoustic modes in an LHD experiment. The model recovers several key features such as relative amplitude, timescales, and phase relations. It suggests that the strongest bursts are subcritical instabilities, with sustained collaboration between fluid and kinetic nonlinearities.
Phytophthora ramorum Causes Cryptic Bole Cankers in Canyon Live Oak
Authors: Swiecki Tedmund J. , Bernhardt Elizabeth A. , Aram Kamyar , Rizzo David M. , Kasuga Takao , Bui Mai 
Published: April 2016

Mortality of large canyon live oaks suddenly appeared in natural stands in San Mateo, CA, starting in 2007. A survey of affected stands showed that symptomatic trees were spatially associated with California bay, the primary source of Phytophthora ramorum spores in California coastal oak forests. Trunk canker symptoms on affected trees were similar to late-stage symptoms caused by P. ramorum on other oak hosts, but the pathogen could not be isolated from affected trees. Artificial inoculation of logs, and later, trees, confirmed that P. ramorum caused phloem cankers on canyon live oak, but cankers showed either no or minuscule external bleeding. Knowledge of early bark symptom appearance facilitated successful isolations from naturally infected trees. Tree declines associated with similarly cryptic Phytophthora cankers could remain undiagnosed or misdiagnosed for many years, thwarting detection and management efforts. Accepted for publication 12 February 2016. Published 18 February 2016.
Benchmarking of the Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencing for quantitative and qualitative assessment of cDNA populations
Authors: Oikonomopoulos Spyros , Wang Yu Chang , Djambazian Haig , Badescu Dunarel , Ragoussis Jiannis 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTo assess the performance of the Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION sequencing platform, cDNAs from the External RNA Controls Consortium (ERCC) RNA Spike-In mix were sequenced. This mix mimics mammalian mRNA species and consists of 92 polyadenylated transcripts with known concentration. cDNA libraries were generated using a template switching protocol to facilitate the direct comparison between different sequencing platforms. The MinION performance was assessed for its ability to sequence the cDNAs directly with good accuracy in terms of abundance and full length. The abundance of the ERCC cDNA molecules sequenced by MinION agreed with their expected concentration. No length or GC content bias was observed. The majority of cDNAs were sequenced as full length. Additionally, a complex cDNA population derived from a human HEK-293 cell line was sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2500, PacBio RS II and ONT MinION platforms. We observed that there was a good agreement in the measured cDNA abundance between PacBio RS II and ONT MinION (rspearman=0.57, fragments with length more than 700bp) and between Illumina HiSeq 2500 and ONT MinION (rspearman=0.61). This indicates that the ONT MinION can sequence quantitatively both long and short full length cDNA molecules.
“mazEFmediated programmed cell death in Escherichia coli”: is it?
Authors: Ramisetty Bhaskar Chandra Mohan , Raj Swati , Ghosh Dimpy 
Published: April 2016

AbstractToxin-antitoxins systems (TAS) are prokaryotic operons containing two small overlapping genes which encode two components referred to as Toxin and Antitoxin. Involvement of TAS in bacterial programmed cell death (PCD) is highly controversial. MazEF, a typical type II TAS, is particularly implicated in mediating PCD inEscherichia coli. Hence, we compared the metabolic fitness and stress tolerance ofE. colistrains (MC4100 and itsmazEF- derivative) which were extensively used by proponents ofmazEF- mediated PCD. We found that both the strains are deficient inrelAgene and that theΔmazEFstrain has lower fitness and stress tolerance compared to wild type MC4100. Furthermore, these strains are likely not isogenic. We could not reproducemazEFmediated PCD which emphasizes the need for skeptic approach to the PCD hypothesis.
Deep sequencing analysis of the circadian transcriptome of the jewel waspNasonia vitripennis
Authors: Davies Nathaniel J. , Tauber Eran 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe study of the circadian clock has benefited greatly from usingDrosophilaas a model system. Yet, accumulating evidence suggests that the fly might not be the canonical insect model. Here, we have analysed the circadian transcriptome of the Jewl waspNasonia vitripennisby using RNA-seq in both constant darkness (DD) and constant light (LL, the wasps are rhythmic in LL with period shortening). At a relatively stringent FDR (q < 0.1), we identified 1,057 cycling transcripts in DD and 929 in LL (fraction of 6.7% and 5.9% of all transcripts analysed in DD and LL respectively). Although there was little similarity between cycling genes inDrosophilaandNasonia, the functions fulfilled by cycling transcripts were similar in both species. Of the knownDrosophilacore clock genes, onlypdp1e,shaggyandClokshowed a significant cycling inNasonia, underscoring the importance of studying the clock in non-model organisms.
Technology, enrollment gender gap and the impact of social norms in rural China
Authors: Gu Hejun , Ozturk Ugur Aytun 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Investigating the relationship between gender gap in school enrollment and the spread of information and communication technology (ICT) in rural China.

Design/methodology/approach
Using data from China Health and Nutrition Survey for the period of 1991-2009, we document gender patterns of school enrollments of children aged between 7 and 18 years. We estimate the impact of phone and internet access on school enrollments of children using a probit model.

Findings
The results indicate that the spread of phone and internet access both contribute to an increase in enrollment of females. Naturally, the gender gap in enrollments is not simply shaped by technology, and social norms also play an important role. Consequently, our results also show that enrollment of females is lower in the communities where pro-son preference is stronger, holding technology and other factors constant.

Originality/value
We conclude that promoting further development of telecommunications services may result in narrowing the school enrollment gender gap in rural China. This conclusion is valuable in setting governmental policies as well as guiding the actions of NGOs.
Fatigue strength assessment of ship structures accounting for a coating life and corrosion degradation
Authors: Garbatov Yordan 
Published: April 2016

PurposeFatigue strength and reliability assessment of complex double hull oil tanker structures, based on different local structural finite element approaches, is performed accounting for the uncertainties originating from load, nominal stresses, hot spot stress calculations, weld quality estimations and misalignments and fatigue S-N parameters including the correlation between load cases and the coating life and corrosion degradation.Design/methodology/approachShip hull wave-induced vertical and horizontal bending moments and pressure are considered in the analysis. Stress analyses are performed based on the nominal, local hot spot and notch stress approaches. A linear elastic finite element analysis is used to determine the stress distribution around the welded details and to estimate structural stresses of all critical locations. Fatigue damage is estimated by employing the Palmgren-Miner approach. The importance of the contribution of each random variable to the uncertainty of the fatigue limit state function is also estimated. The probability of fatigue damage of hot spots is evaluated taking into account random coating life and corrosion wastage. Fatigue reliability, during the service life, is modelled as a system of correlated events.FindingsThe fatigue analysis showed that the fatigue damage at the hotspot, located at the flange of the stiffener close to the cut-out, is always highest in the cases of the structural hot spot stress and effective notch stress approaches, except for the one of the nominal stress approach. The sensitivities of the fatigue limit state function with respect to changes in the random variables were demonstrated showing that the uncertainty in the fatigue stress estimation and fatigue damage are the most important. Fatigue reliability, modelled as a parallel system of structural hot spots and as a serial system of correlated events (load cases) was evaluated based on the Ditlevsen bounds. As a result of the performed analysis, reliability and Beta reliability indexes of lower and upper bounds were estimated, which are very similar to the ones adopted for ultimate strength collapse as reported in literature.Originality/valueThis paper develops a very complex fatigue strength and reliability assessment model for analysing a double hull oil tanker structure using different local structural finite element approaches accounting for the associated uncertainties and the correlation between load cases and the coating life and corrosion degradation. The developed model is flexible enough to be applied for analysing different structural failure modes.
Dynamic protection index factor of concrete substrate for anti carbonation coating protection systems subjected to accelerated environmental loading - part A: carbonation
Authors: Apostolopoulos Charis A , Rodopoulos Chris Alexander 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the effect of accelerated environmental loading, i.e. humidity, solar radiation, wet/dry cycling, CO2 concentration and temperature on specimens being initially protected using 4 commercially available coating systems and to evaluate their degradation considering the results.

Design/methodology/approach
For the purpose of the study, an accelerated environmental loading was performed in a highly sophisticated chamber able to replicate weather patterns representing the 8 characteristic climate zones of Australia.

Findings
The results in terms of degradation patterns can provide a qualitative classification leading to the development of a Dynamic Protection Index Factor (DPIF) which can be used as direct input in life cycle cost analysis appraisal.

Originality/value
This paper is considered to be very important, since the degradation results of different environmental conditions constiture a major problem for structures life inspections and durability