bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor haploinsufficiency impairs high‐frequency cortical oscillations in mice
Authors: Jones Nigel C. , Hudson Matthew , Foreman Joshua , Rind Gil , Hill Rachel , Manning Elizabeth E. , van den Buuse Maarten 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSchizophrenia is a complex psychiatric disorder with a heterogeneous aetiology involving genetic and environmental factors. Deficiencies in both brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and NMDA receptor function have been implicated in the disorder and may play causal and synergistic roles. Perturbations in the regulation of electrophysiological signals, including high‐frequency (γ: 30–80 Hz and β: 20–30 Hz) neuronal oscillations, are also associated with the disorder. This study investigated the influence of BDNF deficiency and NMDA receptor hypofunction on electrophysiological responses to brief acoustic stimuli. Adult BDNF heterozygote (BDNF+/−) and wild‐type littermate C57Bl/6J mice were surgically implanted with EEG recording electrodes. All mice underwent EEG recording sessions to measure ongoing and auditory‐evoked electrophysiological responses following treatment with MK‐801 (0.3 mg/kg ip) or vehicle. Western blotting on post‐mortem cortical tissue assessed parvalbumin and GAD67 expression – markers of interneurons which are involved in the generation of gamma oscillations. Compared with wild‐type controls, BDNF+/− mice exhibited markedly dampened electrophysiological responses to auditory stimuli, including reductions in the amplitude of multiple components of the event‐related potential and auditory‐evoked oscillations, as well as reduced ongoing cortical gamma oscillations. MK‐801 elevated ongoing gamma power but suppressed evoked gamma power, and this was observed equally across genotypes. BDNF+/− mice also displayed reductions in parvalbumin, but not GAD67 expression. We conclude that reduced BDNF expression leads to impairments in the generation of high‐frequency neural oscillations, but this is not synergistic with NMDA receptor hypofunction. Reduced parvalbumin expression associated with BDNF haploinsufficiency may provide a molecular explanation for these electrophysiological deficits.
Hypothermia increases aquaporin 4 (AQP4) plasma membrane abundance in human primary cortical astrocytes via a calcium/transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4)‐ and calmodulin‐mediated mechanism
Authors: Salman Mootaz M. , Kitchen Philip , Woodroofe M. Nicola , Brown James E. , Bill Roslyn M. , Conner Alex C. , Conner Matthew T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHuman aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the primary water channel protein in brain astrocytes. Hypothermia is known to cause astrocyte swelling in culture, but the precise role of AQP4 in this process is unknown. Primary human cortical astrocytes were cultured under hypothermic (32 °C) or normothermic (37 °C) conditions. AQP4 transcript, total protein and surface‐localized protein were quantified using RT‐qPCR, sandwich ELISA with whole cell lysates or cell surface biotinylation, followed by ELISA analysis of the surface‐localized protein, respectively. Four‐hour mild hypothermic treatment increased the surface localization of AQP4 in human astrocytes to 155 ± 4% of normothermic controls, despite no change in total protein expression levels. The hypothermia‐mediated increase in AQP4 surface abundance on human astrocytes was blocked using either calmodulin antagonist (trifluoperazine, TFP); TRPV4 antagonist, HC‐067047 or calcium chelation using EGTA‐AM. The TRPV4 agonist (GSK1016790A) mimicked the effect of hypothermia compared with untreated normothermic astrocytes. Hypothermia led to an increase in surface localization of AQP4 in human astrocytes through a mechanism likely dependent on the TRPV4 calcium channel and calmodulin activation. Understanding the effects of hypothermia on astrocytic AQP4 cell surface expression may help develop new treatments for brain swelling based on an in‐depth mechanistic understanding of AQP4 translocation.
Modelling time to population extinction when individual reproduction is autocorrelated
Authors: Lee Aline Magdalena , Sæther Bernt‐Erik , Markussen Stine Svalheim , Engen Steinar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn nature, individual reproductive success is seldom independent from year to year, due to factors such as reproductive costs and individual heterogeneity. However, population projection models that incorporate temporal autocorrelations in individual reproduction can be difficult to parameterise, particularly when data are sparse. We therefore examine whether such models are necessary to avoid biased estimates of stochastic population growth and extinction risk, by comparing output from a matrix population model that incorporates reproductive autocorrelations to output from a standard age‐structured matrix model that does not. We use a range of parameterisations, including a case study using moose data, treating probabilities of switching reproductive class as either fixed or fluctuating. Expected time to extinction from the two models is found to differ by only small amounts (under 10%) for most parameterisations, indicating that explicitly accounting for individual reproductive autocorrelations is in most cases not necessary to avoid bias in extinction estimates.
Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relations in European forests depend on environmental context
Authors: Ratcliffe Sophia , Wirth Christian , Jucker Tommaso , van der Plas Fons , Scherer‐Lorenzen Michael , Verheyen Kris , Allan Eric , Benavides Raquel , Bruelheide Helge , Ohse Bettina , Paquette Alain , Ampoorter Evy , Bastias Cristina C. , Bauhus Jürgen , Bonal Damien , Bouriaud Olivier , Bussotti Filippo , Carnol Monique , Castagneyrol Bastien , Chećko Ewa , Dawud Seid Muhie , Wandeler Hans De , Domisch Timo , Finér Leena , Fischer Markus , Fotelli Mariangela , Gessler Arthur , Granier André , Grossiord Charlotte , Guyot Virginie , Haase Josephine , Hättenschwiler Stephan , Jactel Hervé , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Joly François‐Xavier , Kambach Stephan , Kolb Simon , Koricheva Julia , Liebersgesell Mario , Milligan Harriet , Müller Sandra , Muys Bart , Nguyen Diem , Nock Charles , Pollastrini Martina , Purschke Oliver , Radoglou Kalliopi , Raulund‐Rasmussen Karsten , Roger Fabian , Ruiz‐Benito Paloma , Seidl Rupert , Selvi Federico , Seiferling Ian , Stenlid Jan , Valladares Fernando , Vesterdal Lars , Baeten Lander 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe importance of biodiversity in supporting ecosystem functioning is generally well accepted. However, most evidence comes from small‐scale studies, and scaling‐up patterns of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning (B‐EF) remains challenging, in part because the importance of environmental factors in shaping B‐EF relations is poorly understood. Using a forest research platform in which 26 ecosystem functions were measured along gradients of tree species richness in six regions across Europe, we investigated the extent and the potential drivers of context dependency of B‐EF relations. Despite considerable variation in species richness effects across the continent, we found a tendency for stronger B‐EF relations in drier climates as well as in areas with longer growing seasons and more functionally diverse tree species. The importance of water availability in driving context dependency suggests that as water limitation increases under climate change, biodiversity may become even more important to support high levels of functioning in European forests.
Pre‐stroke physical activity is associated with fewer post‐stroke complications, lower mortality and a better long‐term outcome
Authors: Wen C.‐P. , Liu C.‐H. , Jeng J.‐S. , Hsu S.‐P. , Chen C.‐H. , Lien L.‐M. , Chen A.‐C. , Lee J.‐T. , Chen P.‐K. , Hsu C.‐S. , Chern C.‐M. , Chen C.‐C. , Hsu M.‐C. , Lu K. , Chen H.‐J. , Wang H.‐K. , Muo C.‐H. , Hsu C.‐Y. 
Published: September 2017

Background and purposePhysical activity is associated with a reduced incidence of first‐time stroke. However, few studies have examined the effect of pre‐stroke physical activity on post‐stroke complications and clinical outcomes.MethodsA total of 39 835 cases of stroke registered in the nationwide stroke registry system of Taiwan between 2006 and 2009 were analyzed according to five levels of severity as determined by National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score upon hospital admission. Pre‐stroke physical activity was defined in the Taiwan Stroke Registry as dedicated leisure‐time physical activity for at least 30 min/day for 3 days/week for more than 6 months. A Cox model was used to compare complications and outcomes between active and inactive groups.ResultsThe active and inactive groups were similar in age distribution and stroke type distribution, but the active group had better National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores upon admission. The active group also had significantly fewer post‐stroke complications. Active patients had lower hospital mortality and better functional outcomes upon discharge as per the modified Rankin Scale. Improved functional status in the active group was significant at 1, 3 and 6 months post‐stroke.ConclusionDedicated leisure‐time physical activity for at least 30 min/day, at least three times per week for more than 6 months was associated with decreased stroke severity, fewer post‐stroke complications, lower mortality and better outcomes.
Phytoplankton diversity loss along a gradient of future warming and brownification in freshwater mesocosms
Authors: Urrutia‐Cordero Pablo , Ekvall Mattias K. , Ratcovich Jens , Soares Margarida , Wilken Susanne , Zhang Huan , Hansson Lars‐Anders 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Globally, freshwater ecosystems are warming at unprecedented rates and northern temperate lakes are simultaneously experiencing increased runoff of humic substances (brownification), with little known consequences for future conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning.

We employed an outdoor mesocosm experiment during spring and summer to investigate the combined effects of gradually increasing warming and brownification perturbations on the phytoplankton community structure (biodiversity and composition) and functioning (biomass).

While we did not observe overall significant treatment effects on total phytoplankton biomasses, we show that predicted increases in warming and brownification can reduce biodiversity considerably, occasionally up to 90% of Shannon diversity estimates. Our results demonstrate that the loss of biodiversity is driven by the dominance of mixotrophic algae (Dinobryon and Cryptomonas), whereas several other phytoplankton taxa may be temporarily displaced from the community, including Cyclotella, Desmodesmus, Monoraphidium, Tetraedron, Nitzschia and Golenkinia.

The observed loss of biodiversity coincided with an increase in bacterial production providing resources for potential mixotrophs along the gradient of warming and brownification. This coupling between bacterial production and mixotrophs was likely a major cause behind the competitive displacement of obligate phototrophs and supports evidence for the importance of consumer–prey dynamics in shaping environmental impacts on phytoplankton communities.

We conclude that warming and brownification are likely to cause a profound loss of biodiversity by indirectly affecting competitive interactions among phytoplankton taxa. Importantly, our results did not show an abrupt loss of biodiversity; instead the reduction in taxa richness levelled off after exceeding a threshold of warming and brownification. These results exemplify the complex nonlinear responses of biodiversity to environmental perturbations and provide further insights for predicting biodiversity patterns to the future warming and brownification of freshwaters.
HaemoPREF: Further evaluation of patient perception and preference for treatment in a real world setting
Authors: Bonanad S. , Schulz M. , Gordo A. , Spurden D. , Cicchetti M. , Cappelleri J. C. , Tolley C. , Staunton H. , Brohan E. 
Published: September 2017

IntroductionAdherence to haemophilia A (HA) treatment may be influenced by patients’ beliefs about their condition and treatment. Furthermore, difficulties administering treatment may lead to poor adherence. New treatment strategies aim to reduce the burden associated with administration and to improve patient perception of treatment, which, in turn, increase adherence levels.AimsThis study aimed to examine patient perception of HA treatment and related factors using patient‐reported outcome (PRO) questionnaires and to confirm the psychometric properties of a recently developed questionnaire, the HaemoPREF.MethodsA non‐interventional, cross‐sectional, questionnaire study was conducted with adult HA patients in Spain (n=31), Germany (n=10) and Italy (n=48), who were using ReFacto AF with the FuseNGo administration device. Patients completed the HaemoPREF and other questionnaires measuring related constructs: treatment adherence, satisfaction and well‐being, online at two time points. Correlational, regression and psychometric analyses were conducted.ResultsPRO scores indicated that patients are satisfied with and adherent to their treatment. Multivariate regression of the HaemoPREF global score identified a number of significant predictors (P≤.05). The HaemoPREF Global Score had a moderate relationship with subscales on the related questionnaires (mean correlation=0.43; range=0.39‐0.48). The HaemoPREF demonstrated good test‐retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.82), internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha range=0.69‐0.82) and convergent validity with measures of treatment satisfaction (Spearman correlation coefficient, r=.48) and well‐being (r=.41).ConclusionThe findings suggest that patients using ReFacto AF with FuseNGo were satisfied with and adherent to their treatment. The HaemoPREF can identify important concepts relating to patient treatment experience in HA.
Evolutionary reconstruction supports the presence of a Pleistocene Arctic refugium for a large mammal species
Authors: Klütsch Cornelya F. C. , Manseau Micheline , Anderson Morgan , Sinkins Peter , Wilson Paul J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimThe presence of refugia in the Canadian High Arctic has been subject to debate for decades. We investigated the potential existence of Arctic refugia during the Pleistocene for a large mammal species in the Canadian Archipelago because if these refugia were present, reconsideration of the evolutionary histories of North American fauna and flora beyond the major refugia of Beringia and south of the Laurentide and Cordilleran Ice Sheets would be required. Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi), identified as a subspecies based on morphological characteristics, inhabits the Canadian Arctic Islands and Boothia Peninsula. Previous studies demonstrated incomplete lineage sorting of mitochondrial DNA interpreted as a Beringian origin but were based on small sample sizes.LocationCanadian Arctic.Major taxa studiedMammals: caribou (Rangifer tarandus).MethodsWe used two molecular markers (microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA) and approximate Bayesian computations (ABC) testing the hypotheses of colonization out of Beringia into the Arctic Islands following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) or a divergence from Beringia significantly before the end of the LGM within a different refugium.ResultsThe coalescent‐based analyses rejected a recent Beringian origin with subsequent colonization, instead supporting a divergence of Peary caribou from Beringia ~100,000 years ago linking it to the last interglacial/early Wisconsin Glacial Stage (125,000–75,000 years ago). Admixture on Banks Island with Beringian‐derived barren‐ground caribou is indicative of post‐Pleistocene secondary contact; further supporting a divergent history of Peary caribou within a separated Arctic refugium.Main conclusionsOur results offer support for the existence of an Arctic refugium for large mammal species and add to the increasing evidence of such refugia in North America. This has significant implications on understanding the evolution and conservation of Arctic species, particularly in light of sensitivities and adaptive potential to a rapidly changing climate.
The patients’ perspective of sustaining a fall in hospital: A qualitative study
Authors: Gettens Stephanie , Fulbrook Paul , Jessup Melanie , Low Choy Nancy 
Published: September 2017

Aims and objectivesTo understand the patient's perspective of falling in hospital.BackgroundA fall in hospital can affect a patient physically and psychologically, increasing their hospital length of stay and potentially putting them at risk of further complications. Despite a wealth of literature on falls that focuses on risk assessment, preventive interventions and cost, very little research has focused on the experience of the patient that has fallen, particularly within the acute hospital setting.DesignA qualitative phenomenological design was used to investigate the experience of falling in hospital.MethodsTwelve hospital inpatients that had recently fallen were interviewed while in hospital using unstructured interviews. The methodology was guided by Van Manen's approach to data collection and analysis.FindingsThree key themes emerged from the analysis: Feeling safe, Realising the risk and Recovering independence and identity. These themes describe a continuum whereby falling was not initially a concern to participants, who trusted staff to keep them safe, and tended to not seek assistance. As participants began to appreciate the reality of their falls risk, they felt disempowered by their loss of independence but were more receptive to receiving assistance. Finally, as participants recovered, their desire to regain independence increased. They wanted others to perceive them as physically competent, rather than as a frail older person, meaning they were more willing to take risks with mobility.ConclusionThe participants’ perspective of falling describes a continuum of responses with participants positioned at different psychosocial standpoints: from initial denial of their risk of falling to realisation of the importance of their fall and acceptance of its repercussions.Relevance to clinical practiceBy understanding the patient's perspective of falling, nurses and other health professionals conducting risk assessment can tailor their discussions and interventions to the patient's perceptions and needs.
Hospital in the Home nurses’ recognition and response to clinical deterioration
Authors: Gray Erika , Currey Judy , Considine Julie 
Published: September 2017

Aims and objectivesTo obtain an understanding of how Hospital in the Home (HITH) nurses recognise and respond to clinical deterioration in patients receiving care at home or in their usual place of residence.BackgroundRecognising and responding to clinical deterioration is an international safety priority and a key nursing responsibility. Despite an increase in care delivery in home environments, how HITH nurses recognise and respond to clinical deterioration is not yet fully understood.DesignA prospective, descriptive exploratory design was used. A survey containing questions related to participant characteristics and 10 patient scenarios was used to collect data from 47 nurses employed in the HITH units of three major health services in Melbourne, Australia. The 10 scenarios reflected typical HITH patients and included medical history and clinical assessment findings (respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, conscious state and pain score).ResultsThe three major findings from this study were that: (i) nurse and patient characteristics influenced HITH nurses’ assessment decisions; (ii) the cues used by HITH nurses to recognise clinical deterioration varied according to the clinical context; and (iii) although HITH nurses work in an autonomous role, they engage in collaborative practice when responding to clinical deterioration.ConclusionHospital in the Home nurses play a fundamental role in patient assessment, and the context in which they recognise and respond to deterioration is markedly different to that of hospital nurses.Relevance to clinical practiceThe assessment, measurement and interpretation of clinical data are a nursing responsibility that is crucial to early recognition and response to clinical deterioration. The capacity of HITH services to care for increasing numbers of patients in their home environment, and to promptly recognise and respond to clinical deterioration should it occur, is fundamental to safety within the healthcare system. Hospital in the Home nurses are integral to a sustainable healthcare system that is responsive to dynamic changes in public health policies, and meets the healthcare needs of the community.
Disentangling environmental and host sources of fungal endophyte communities in an experimental beachgrass study
Authors: David Aaron S. , Seabloom Eric W. , May Georgiana 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDisentangling the ecological factors that contribute to the assembly of the microbial symbiont communities within eukaryotic hosts is an ongoing challenge. Broadly speaking, symbiont propagules arrive either from external sources in the environment or from internal sources within the same host individual. To understand the relative importance of these propagule sources to symbiont community assembly, we characterized symbiotic fungal endophyte communities within the roots of three species of beachgrass in a field experiment. We manipulated two aspects of the external environment, successional habitat and physical disturbance. To determine the role of internal sources of propagules for endophyte community assembly, we used beachgrass individuals with different pre‐existing endophyte communities. Endophyte species richness and community composition were characterized using culture‐based and next‐generation sequencing approaches. Our results showed that external propagule sources associated with successional habitat, but not disturbance, were particularly important for colonization of most endophytic taxa. In contrast, internal propagule sources played a minor role for most endophytic taxa but were important for colonization by the dominant taxon Microdochium bolleyi. Our findings highlight the power of manipulative field experiments to link symbiont community assembly to its underlying ecological processes, and to ultimately improve predictions of symbiont community assembly across environments.