bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drosophilalearn efficient paths to a food source
Authors: Navawongse Rapeechai , Choudhury Deepak , Raczkowska Marlena , Stewart James Charles , Lim Terrence , Rahman Mashiur , Toh Alicia Guek Geok , Wang Zhiping , Claridge-Chang Adam 
Published: December 2015

AbstractElucidating the genetic, and neuronal bases for learned behavior is a central problem in neuroscience. A leading system for neurogenetic discovery is the vinegar flyDrosophila melanogaster; fly memory research has identified genes and circuits that mediate aversive and appetitive learning. However, methods to study adaptive food-seeking behavior in this animal have lagged decades behind rodent feeding analysis, largely due to the challenges presented by their small scale. There is currently no method to dynamically control flies’ access to food. In rodents, protocols that use dynamic food delivery are a central element of experimental paradigms that date back to the influential work of Skinner. This method is still commonly used in the analysis of learning, memory, addiction, feeding, and many other subjects in experimental psychology. The difficulty of microscale food delivery means this is not a technique used in fly behavior. In the present manuscript we describe a microfluidic chip integrated with machine vision and automation to dynamically control defined liquid food presentations and sensory stimuli. Strikingly, repeated presentations of food at a fixed location produced improvements in path efficiency during food approach. This shows that improved path choice is a learned behavior. Active control of food availability using this microfluidic system is a valuable addition to the methods currently available for the analysis of learned feeding behavior in flies.
Evolution and devolution: Scottish legislation relevant to people with intellectual disabilities within mental health and forensic services
Authors: Douds Fergus , Haut Fabian 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the evolution of legislation relevant to people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) since the Scottish Parliament came into being in 1999; this will be particularly relevant to practitioners working with people with IDs within mental health and forensic mental health services.

Design/methodology/approach
– A descriptive review of the relevant legislation, setting this out in the chronological order in which the legislation was enacted.

Findings
– The paper demonstrates that legislative reform is a dynamic and evolving process, responsive to social, political and legal agendas.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper is limited to a description of the relevant legislation in only one part of the UK (Scotland).

Practical implications
– A helpful summary of the relevant legislation is provided which should be of particular value to readers/practitioners from outwith Scotland.

Originality/value
– The paper provides an up to date account of the legislative reform in Scotland during the period 1999-2015.
Making a difference? Ten years of managing people with intellectual disability and forensic needs in the community
Authors: de Villiers Jana , Doyle Michael 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– Nationally community services for patients with intellectual disability and forensic needs are limited, and research to guide service development for this patient group with highly complex needs is sparse. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of referrals to and case management by the multi-agency Fife Forensic Learning Disability Service (FFLDS), including demographic data, treatment, risk assessments and outcomes.

Design/methodology/approach
– All referrals received between 2004 and 2014 were reviewed to identify key demographic factors and to clarify the outcome of the referrals. Risks levels and presence of factors related to ongoing risk management were identified. For those accepted, final outcomes were noted.

Findings
– In total, 145 referrals were received by FFLDS between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2014. Of these 117 were accepted for ongoing case management. In total 106 patients were discharged from FFLDS over the review period, with the vast majority remaining in community settings. Patients were overwhelmingly male, with an age range of 16-79 (mean age of 30). Approximately half of referrals were from criminal justice agencies, and sexual and violent offences predominated. Alcohol and/or illicit substance use was problematic in 49 per cent of patients.

Research limitations/implications
– FFLDS needs to consider building links with Drug and Alcohol Services, for assistance in developing expertise in managing problematic alcohol and/or illicit substance use. Links with professionals working with female offenders may increase the rate of referral of female patients.

Originality/value
– Policy and legal frameworks emphasise the need to manage people with learning disabilities and forensic needs in the least restrictive environment possible. This paper provides information on a cohort of forensic patients over a ten-year period, including characteristics and outcomes, to inform the evaluation of these frameworks and the planning of both community and in-patient services for this patient group.
The Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland – a unique and influential voice
Authors: McKay Colin , Welsh Heather 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe the unique and independent role of the Mental Welfare Commission for Scotland.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper takes the reader through the history of the Commission, its changing status, roles and responsibilities, its influence and impact, and current priorities. It is based on details of the Commission
'
s development, narrative from current employees and published investigations and advice.

Findings
– The Mental Welfare Commission has advanced significantly since its original establishment. It plays a vital role in protecting the human rights of people in Scotland with learning disabilities and mental illness, by visiting those who are in receipt of care or treatment, investigating situations of concern, providing advice and guidance, monitoring the Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 and Adults with Incapacity (Scotland) Act 2000 and shaping relevant policy and legislation.

Originality/value
– This paper provides an introduction to the work of the Commission, which will be of value to readers in Scotland and beyond. It illustrates its importance in preserving the rights of individuals with learning disabilities and mental illness in line with the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and other legislation.
An agent-based supplier selection framework
Authors: Jahani Alireza , Azmi Murad Masrah Azrifah , bin Sulaiman Md. Nasir , Selamat Mohd. Hasan 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach that integrates three complementary perspectives, multi-agent systems, fuzzy logic and case-based reasoning. Unsatisfied customers, information overload and high uncertainty are the main challenges that are faced by today’s supply chains. In addition, a few existing agent-based approaches are tied to real-world supply chain functions like supplier selection. These approaches are static and do not adequately take the qualitative and quantitative factors into consideration. Therefore, an agent-based framework is needed to address these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The proposed approach integrates three complementary perspectives, multi-agent systems, fuzzy logic and case-based reasoning, as a common framework. These perspectives were rarely used together as a common framework in previous studies. Furthermore, an exploratory case study in an office furniture company is undertaken to illustrate the value of the framework.

Findings
– The proposed agent-based framework evaluates supply offers based on customers’ preferences, recommends alternative products in the case of stock-out and provides a collaborative environment among agents who represent different supply chain entities. The proposed fuzzy case-based reasoning (F-CBR) approach reduces the information overload by organizing them into the relevant cases that causes less overall search between cases. In addition, its fuzzy aspect addresses the high uncertainty of supply chains, especially when there are different customers’ orders with different preferences.

Research limitations/implications
– The present study does not include the functions of inventory management and negotiation between agents. Furthermore, only the case description and case retrieval phases of the case-based reasoning approach are investigated, and the remaining phases like case retaining, case reusing and case revising are not included in the scope of this paper.

Originality/value
– This framework balances the interests of different supply chain structural elements where each of them is represented by a specific agent for better collaboration, decision-making and problem-solving in a multi-agent environment. In addition, the supplier selection and order gathering mechanisms are developed based on customers’ orders.
Diversity in team composition, relationship conflict and team leader support on globally distributed virtual software development team performance
Authors: Wickramasinghe Vathsala , Nandula Sahan 
Published: December 2015

Purpose– This study aims to investigate whether diversity in team composition leads to relationship conflict, and, consequently, relationship conflict leads to team performance, and whether team leader support moderates the negative effects of relationship conflict on team performance.Design/methodology/approach– For the study, 216 team members working in globally distributed virtual software development projects responded. To examine the hypothesized relationships, structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation was performed.Findings– It was found that diversity in team composition leads to relationship conflict, relationship conflict leads to team performance and team leader support moderates the latter relationship.Practical implications– The findings suggest the role of team leaders in reducing the harmful effect of relationship conflict on team performance. The findings imply the need of providing training to team leaders to create cohesive teams that deliver on project goals.Originality/value– Empirical studies on globally distributed virtual teams could provide new insights into challenges and issues associated with team composition, relationship conflict and team leader support in achieving higher levels of team performance.
Strategic management of livestock to improve biodiversity conservation in African savannahs: a conceptual basis for wildlife–livestock coexistence
Authors: Fynn Richard W. S. , Augustine David J. , Peel Michael J. S. , de Garine‐Wichatitsky Michel 
Published: December 2015

Summary

African savannas are complex socio‐ecological systems with diverse wild and domestic herbivore assemblages, which adapt spatially to intra‐ and interannual variation in forage quantity and quality, predation and disease risks.

As African savannas become increasingly fragmented by growing human populations and their associated ecological impacts, adaptive foraging options for wild and domestic herbivore populations are correspondingly limited, resulting in declining wildlife populations and impoverished pastoral societies. In addition, competition for grazing by expanding domestic herbivore populations threatens the viability of wild herbivore populations occupying similar grazing niches.

Conservation initiatives are further impacted by conflicts between wildlife and local communities of people who often receive little benefit from adjacent protected areas, creating conflict between the livelihood‐orientated goals of communities and the conservation‐oriented goals of the international community and those with vested interests in wildlife. Conservation strategies facilitating the alignment of these opposing goals of communities and conservationists are needed.

Synthesis and applications. Key to understanding facilitative and competitive interactions between wild and domestic herbivores are the concepts of niche differentiation and functional resource heterogeneity. Uncontrolled incursions of burgeoning domestic herbivore populations into protected areas (PAs) threaten the conservation of wild herbivore biodiversity. However, domestic herbivores can be managed to minimize competition with wild herbivores and to enhance habitat by maximizing grassland structural heterogeneity (greater adaptive foraging options), creation of nutrient hotspots in the landscape and facilitation of high‐quality grazing. Ecosystem service benefits to communities through controlled access to grazing resources in PAs, associated with appropriate disease management, can provide a conservation payment to promote communities’ support of conservation of key wildlife migratory ranges and corridors outside PAs.
Clinical implications from research exploring parent and family perspectives of the August 2011 London riots
Authors: Coopoosamy Yvanna Deeny 
Published: December 2015

Political rhetoric and media reports following the August 2011 London riots in the UK drew attention to poor parenting to explain the cause of the riots, thus, a parent‐blaming discourse emerged. This article presents findings from a PhD thesis about how London parents and families constructed the riots and relevant clinical implications. A separate paper focuses on the method and findings from the PhD thesis with an aim to include parent and family perspectives on the riots in the academic literature. A Foucauldian‐informed thematic analysis indicated that social exclusion, gentrification, criminality, parenting, morality and neighbourhood were relevant to the 2011 London riots from interviews with parents and families. This article aims to support clinical work with parents and families, especially as clinicians were positioned as useful in supporting such groups, through the Troubled Families Programme following the London riots. Clinical implications were developed from themes about socio‐political issues and parent‐blaming discourses and the notion of positioning, as influenced by the Foucauldian‐informed analysis adopted.Practitioner points

Consider the relevance of socio‐political issues and parent‐blaming discourses to the August 2011 London riots.
Use ‘social context’ questions to explore socio‐political issues when conducting therapy.
Use ‘parenting expectations’ questions to explore possible parent‐blaming discourses when conducting therapy.
Consider the ways in which clients may be positioned within their relationships.
Long‐Term post‐merger announcement performance. A case study of Australian listed real estate
Authors: Ratcliffe Chris , Dimovski Bill , Keneley Monica 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study examines the long‐term postmerger performance of Australian Real Estate Investment Trusts (A‐REITs). The A‐REIT sector is used as a case study being less vulnerable to agency issues due to its regulatory structure (Eichholtz and Kok, 2008; Ratcliffe et al., 2009). Research on conventional firms has shown, on average, shareholders are worse off in the long run (Alexandridis et al., 2012). In contrast, we find that shareholders experience significantly positive abnormal returns, after accounting for the financial crisis. This outcome suggests that when managers are restricted with the use of retained earnings and the type of investment, they may be less susceptible to hubris and/or agency issues.
A Defence of Conscientious Objection in Medicine: A Reply to Schuklenk and Savulescu
Authors: Cowley Christopher 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIn a recent (2015) Bioethics editorial, Udo Schuklenk argues against allowing Canadian doctors to conscientiously object to any new euthanasia procedures approved by Parliament. In this he follows Julian Savulescu's 2006 BMJ paper which argued for the removal of the conscientious objection clause in the 1967 UK Abortion Act. Both authors advance powerful arguments based on the need for uniformity of service and on analogies with reprehensible kinds of personal exemption. In this article I want to defend the practice of conscientious objection in publicly‐funded healthcare systems (such as those of Canada and the UK), at least in the area of abortion and end‐of‐life care, without entering either of the substantive moral debates about the permissibility of either. My main claim is that Schuklenk and Savulescu have misunderstood the special nature of medicine, and have misunderstood the motivations of the conscientious objectors. However, I acknowledge Schuklenk's point about differential access to lawful services in remote rural areas, and I argue that the health service should expend more to protect conscientious objection while ensuring universal access.
Fair Innings and Time‐Relative Claims
Authors: Davies Ben 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTGreg Bognar has recently offered a prioritarian justification for ‘fair innings’ distributive principles that would ration access to healthcare on the basis of patients' age. In this article, I agree that Bognar's principle is among the strongest arguments for age‐based rationing. However, I argue that this position is incomplete because of the possibility of ‘time‐relative' egalitarian principles that could complement the kind of lifetime egalitarianism that Bognar adopts. After outlining Bognar's position, and explaining the attraction of time‐relative egalitarianism, I suggest various ways in which these two kinds of principle could interact. Since various options have very different implications for age‐based rationing, proponents of such a rationing scheme must take a position on time‐relative egalitarianism to complement a lifetime prioritarian view like Bognar's.
Conscientious Objection in Healthcare Provision: A New Dimension
Authors: West‐Oram Peter , Buyx Alena 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe right to conscientious objection in the provision of healthcare is the subject of a lengthy, heated and controversial debate. Recently, a new dimension was added to this debate by the US Supreme Court's decision in Burwell vs. Hobby Lobby et al. which effectively granted rights to freedom of conscience to private, for‐profit corporations. In light of this paradigm shift, we examine one of the most contentious points within this debate, the impact of granting conscience exemptions to healthcare providers on the ability of women to enjoy their rights to reproductive autonomy. We argue that the exemptions demanded by objecting healthcare providers cannot be justified on the liberal, pluralist grounds on which they are based, and impose unjustifiable costs on both individual persons, and society as a whole. In doing so, we draw attention to a worrying trend in healthcare policy in Europe and the United States to undermine women's rights to reproductive autonomy by prioritizing the rights of ideologically motivated service providers to an unjustifiably broad form of freedom of conscience.
Genipin alleviates sepsis‐induced liver injury by restoring autophagy
Authors: Cho Hong‐Ik , Kim So‐Jin , Choi Joo‐Wan , Lee Sun‐Mee 
Published: December 2015

Background and PurposeAutophagy is an essential cytoprotective system that is rapidly activated in response to various stimuli including inflammation and microbial infection. Genipin, an aglycon of geniposide found in gardenia fruit, is well known to have anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidative properties. This study examined the protective mechanisms of genipin against sepsis, with particular focus on the autophagic signalling pathway.Experimental ApproachMice were subjected to sepsis by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Genipin (1, 2.5 and 5 mg·kg−1) or vehicle (saline) was injected i.v. immediately (0 h) after CLP, and chloroquine (60 mg·kg−1), an autophagy inhibitor, was injected i.p. 1 h before CLP. Blood and liver tissues were isolated 6 h after CLP.Key ResultsGenipin improved survival rate and decreased serum levels of aminotransferases and pro‐inflammatory cytokines after CLP; effects abolished by chloroquine. The liver expression of autophagy‐related protein (Atg)12‐Atg5 conjugate increased after CLP, and this increase was enhanced by genipin. CLP decreased Atg3 protein liver expression, and genipin attenuated this decrease. CLP impaired autophagic flux, as indicated by increased liver expression of microtubule‐associated protein‐1 light chain 3‐II and sequestosome‐1/p62 protein; this impaired autophagic flux was restored by genipin, and chloroquine abolished this effect. Genipin also attenuated the decreased expression of lysosome‐associated membrane protein‐2 and Rab7 protein and increased expression of calpain 1 protein induced by CLP in the liver.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur findings suggest that genipin protects against septic injury by restoring impaired autophagic flux. Therefore, genipin might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of sepsis.
Crosstalk of mitochondria with NADPH oxidase via reactive oxygen and nitrogen species signalling and its role for vascular function
Authors: Daiber Andreas , Di Lisa Fabio , Oelze Matthias , Kröller‐Schön Swenja , Steven Sebastian , Schulz Eberhard , Münzel Thomas 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCardiovascular diseases are associated with and/or caused by oxidative stress. This concept has been proven by using the approach of genetic deletion of reactive species producing (pro‐oxidant) enzymes as well as by the overexpression of reactive species detoxifying (antioxidant) enzymes leading to a marked reduction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and in parallel to an amelioration of the severity of diseases. Likewise, the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases is aggravated by overexpression of RONS producing enzymes as well as deletion of antioxidant RONS detoxifying enzymes. Thus, the consequences of the interaction (redox crosstalk) of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide produced by mitochondria with other ROS producing enzymes such as NADPH oxidases (Nox) are of outstanding importance and will be discussed including the consequences for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling as well as the redox regulation of the vascular function/tone in general (soluble guanylyl cyclase, endothelin‐1, prostanoid synthesis). Pathways and potential mechanisms leading to this crosstalk will be analysed in detail and highlighted by selected examples from the current literature including hypoxia, angiotensin II‐induced hypertension, nitrate tolerance, aging and others. The general concept of redox‐based activation of RONS sources via “kindling radicals” and enzyme‐specific “redox switches” will be discussed providing evidence that mitochondria represent key players and amplifiers of the burden of oxidative stress.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc