bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non‐mix fragrances are top sensitizers in consecutive dermatitis patients – a cross‐sectional study of the 26 EU‐labelled fragrance allergens
Authors: Bennike Niels H. , Zachariae Claus , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundFor cosmetics, it is mandatory to label 26 fragrance substances, including all constituents of fragrance mix I (FM I) and fragrance mix II (FM II). Earlier reports have not included oxidized R‐limonene [hydroperoxides of R‐limonene (Lim‐OOH)] and oxidized linalool [hydroperoxides of linalool (Lin‐OOH)], and breakdown testing of FM I and FM II has mainly been performed in selected, mix‐positive patients.ObjectivesTo report the prevalence of sensitization to the 26 fragrances, and to assess concomitant reactivity to FM I and/or FM II.MethodsA cross‐sectional study on consecutive dermatitis patients patch tested with the 26 fragrances and the European baseline series from 2010 to 2015 at a single university clinic was performed.ResultsOf 6004 patients, 940 (15.7%, 95%CI: 14.7–16.6%) were fragrance‐sensitized. Regarding the single fragrances, most patients were sensitized to Lin‐OOH (3.9%), Evernia furfuracea (3.0%), Lim‐OOH (2.5%), and hydroxyisohexyl 3‐cyclohexene carboxaldehyde (2.1%). Significantly fewer patients were ‘FM I‐positive and constituent‐positive’ than ‘FM II‐positive and constituent‐positive’ (32.7% versus 57.0%, p < 0.0001). Additionally, significantly more patients were ‘FM II‐negative but constituent‐positive’ than ‘FM I‐negative but constituent‐positive’ (12.4% versus 3.2%, p = 0.0008).ConclusionsNon‐mix fragrances are the most important single fragrance allergens among consecutive patients. The test concentration of the single FM I constituents should be increased when possible.
Economic Value of Country Image: Evidence from International Trade and Implications for China
Authors: Zhi Yan , Bao Di , Luo Changyuan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the economic value of country image from the perspective of export prices through matching the CEPII export price data with the British Broadcasting Company country image data from 2006 to 2013. The estimation results show that positive country image has an “elevating” effect and negative country image has a “depressing” effect on export prices. The results also indicate that the lower the level of economic development of an export or import country, the stronger the export price effect of country image. As distances between export countries and trading partners increase, the elevating effect of positive country image on export prices becomes weaker. However, the depressing effect of negative country image does not become weaker over greater distances. We find that export prices are depressed by negative country image to a greater degree for China than for other countries. Therefore, it is necessary for China to prevent the occurrence of incidents detrimental to country image.
Exporting stimulus and “shared prosperity”: Reinventing foreign aid for a retroliberal era
Authors: Mawdsley Emma , Murray Warwick E. , Overton John , Scheyvens Regina , Banks Glenn 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe global aid world has changed, partly in response to the reconfigurations of geopolitical power and to the global financial crisis (GFC). Paradoxically, in the face of recession in most northern economies, collectively foreign aid contributions have not fallen. However there has been a qualitative shift in its narrative and nature. This new regime—which we term retroliberalism—projects the concept of “shared prosperity,” but constitutes a return to explicit self‐interest designed to bolster private sector trade and investment. Drawing evidence from New Zealand and the United Kingdom, we argue that aid programmes are increasingly functioning as “exported stimulus” packages.
Nitrogen‐fixing tree abundance in higher‐latitude North America is not constrained by diversity
Authors: Menge Duncan N. L. , Batterman Sarah A. , Liao Wenying , Taylor Benton N. , Lichstein Jeremy W. , Ángeles‐Pérez Gregorio 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe rarity of nitrogen (N)‐fixing trees in frequently N‐limited higher‐latitude (here, > 35°) forests is a central biogeochemical paradox. One hypothesis for their rarity is that evolutionary constraints limit N‐fixing tree diversity, preventing N‐fixing species from filling available niches in higher‐latitude forests. Here, we test this hypothesis using data from the USA and Mexico. N‐fixing trees comprise only a slightly smaller fraction of taxa at higher vs. lower latitudes (8% vs. 11% of genera), despite 11‐fold lower abundance (1.2% vs. 12.7% of basal area). Furthermore, N‐fixing trees are abundant but belong to few species on tropical islands, suggesting that low absolute diversity does not limit their abundance. Rhizobial taxa dominate N‐fixing tree richness at lower latitudes, whereas actinorhizal species do at higher latitudes. Our results suggest that low diversity does not explain N‐fixing trees' rarity in higher‐latitude forests. Therefore, N limitation in higher‐latitude forests likely results from ecological constraints on N fixation.
The Effectiveness of Structured Input and Structured Output on the Acquisition of Japanese Comparative Sentences
Authors: Yamashita Taichi , Iizuka Takehiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDiscussion of the roles of input and output has been attracting a number of researchers in second language acquisition (e.g., DeKeyser, 2007; Doughty, 1991; Krashen, 1982; Long, 1983; Norris & Ortega, 2000; Swain, 2000), and VanPatten (2004) advocated that both structured input and structured output allow learners to process input properly. Some researchers explored the comparative effectiveness of traditional instruction and structured input (e.g., Benati, 2004), and others observed the effectiveness of structured input and structured output on receptive and productive knowledge (e.g., Keating & Farley, 2008). The present study investigated structured input and structured output in the acquisition of Japanese. Two experimental groups (N = 15 and N = 12) received either structured input or structured output activities during class on two successive days. Analyses of pretest, immediate posttest, and delayed posttest data showed that both types of activity were equally effective in improving learners’ receptive and productive knowledge.
Shift in community structure in an early‐successional Mediterranean shrubland driven by long‐term experimental warming and drought and natural extreme droughts
Authors: Liu Daijun , Estiarte Marc , Ogaya Romà , Yang Xiaohong , Peñuelas Josep 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGlobal warming and recurring drought are expected to accelerate water limitation for plant communities in semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems and produce directional shifts in structure and composition that are not easily detected, and supporting evidence is scarce. We conducted a long‐term (17 years) nocturnal‐warming (+0.6°C) and drought (−40% rainfall) experiments in an early‐successional Mediterranean shrubland to study the changes in community structure and composition, contrasting functional groups and dominant species, and the superimposed effects of natural extreme drought. Species richness decreased in both the warming and drought treatments. Responses to the moderate warming were associated with decreases in herb abundance, and responses to the drought were associated with decreases in both herb and shrub abundances. The drought also significantly decreased community diversity and evenness. Changes in abundance differed between herbs (decreases) and shrubs (increases or no changes). Both warming and drought, especially drought, increased the relative species richness and abundance of shrubs, favoring the establishment of shrubs. Both warming and drought produced significant shifts in plant community composition. Experimental warming shifted the community composition from Erica multiflora toward Rosmarinus officinalis, and drought consistently shifted the composition toward Globularia alypum. The responses in biodiversity (e.g., community biodiversity, changes of functional groups and compositional shifts) were also strongly correlated with atmospheric drought (SPEI) in winter–spring and/or summer, indicating sensitivity to water limitation in this early‐successional Mediterranean ecosystem, especially to natural extreme droughts. Our results suggest that the shifts in species assembles and community diversity and composition are accelerated by the long‐term nocturnal‐warming and drought, combined with natural severe droughts, and that the magnitude of the impacts of climate change is also correlated with the successional status of ecosystem. The results thus highlight the necessity for assessing the impacts on ecosystemic functioning and services and developing effective measures for conserving biodiversity.
Sex differences in metabolic risk indicator of dementia in an elderly urban Korean population: A community‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Kim Yeon‐Ha , Kim Nam Hoon , Jung Moon‐Hee , Kim Hee‐Jin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the age‐specific prevalence of dementia, and develop a metabolic risk indicator for dementia according to sex.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was carried out from September 2007 through December 2012 with 19 935 elderly participants in metropolitan Seoul, Korea. Multiphase assessments were used to measure metabolic risk factors and confirm dementia according to sex. Specifically, multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify how elderly men and women differed in regard to metabolic risk indicators of dementia.ResultsThe adjusted prevalence rates of dementia in elderly Seoul residents were estimated at 4.9%, 6.1% and 5.6% in men, women and the overall population, respectively. Stroke conferred an odds ratio of 5.14 (95% CI 3.91–6.77) and 2.55 (95% CI 2.01–3.25) in men and women, respectively. Additionally, within the female population, diabetes mellitus conferred an odds ratio of 1.29 (95% CI 1.09–1.53), whereas alcohol consumption conferred an odds ratio of 0.77 (95% CI 0.61–0.97).ConclusionsStroke played a primary role as a metabolic risk indicator of dementia in elderly men, while diabetes mellitus and alcohol abstinence were important metabolic risk factors in elderly women. Taken together, the data show that when designing preventative measures against dementia based on metabolic risk, sex needs to be taken into account. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2136–2142.
South–North and South–South production networks: diverging socio‐spatial practices of Indian pharmaceutical firms
Authors: HORNER RORY , MURPHY JAMES T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe know less about the structures and processes associated with South–South production networks than about those with a South–North orientation. Using an inductive approach, in this article we explore these differences by analysing the everyday practices that Indian pharmaceutical firms employ to meet production and quality standards, access markets and innovate. We use extensive primary interview evidence to demonstrate that Indian pharmaceutical firms employ different business practices towards Northern and Southern end markets. Our findings reveal the presence of significant discontinuities within the Indian pharmaceutical industry. They also demonstrate how a practice‐oriented approach to the study of GPNs can help to identify some of the micro social processes through which governance is achieved and transformed over time, and divergences in value creation, enhancement and capture trajectories between Southern and Northern end markets.
Thatcherism, Crime and the Legacy of the Social and Economic ‘Storms’ of the 1980s
Authors: FARRALL STEPHEN , JENNINGS WILL , GRAY EMILY , HAY COLIN 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUsing insights from the classical sociology of deviance and social structure (notably Durkheim and Merton) we explore the enduring impact of the social and economic changes which started in the UK in the early 1980s. In the two subsequent decades the UK went through a period of radical economic restructuring, leading to lasting social change. We seek to gauge the effect of these combined social and economic processes, which we label social and economic ‘storms’, at the national level. In so doing we assess, and ultimately defend, the heuristic utility of this conceptualisation, considering the extent to which such social and economic storms (individually and collectively) weakened bonds between individuals, within and between families, and across communities. We use proxy measures of economic and social changes in combination with recorded crime statistics to explore the degree to which such processes might be associated with victimisation rates. We find that crime was related to these macro‐level ‘storms’, although ultimately they were driven by economic variables. Our analyses show how political decision making can shape long‐term trends in crime rates.
Nest‐site characteristics, breeding success and competitive interactions between two recently sympatric apex predators
Authors: Friedemann Guilad , Leshem Yossi , Kerem Lior , Bar‐Massada Avi , Izhaki Ido 
Published: May 2017

An influential period in avian life‐cycles is the annual breeding season, when competition over suitable nesting sites and territories is a key factor that can determine fitness and distribution, especially for species that are highly selective in their nesting habitats. We analysed nest‐site characteristics, breeding success and competitive interactions between two apex predator populations. Whereas the Short‐toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus has nested in the Judean Foothills (Israel) for a long time, the Long‐legged Buzzard Buteo rufinus has only invaded the nesting habitat of the Short‐toed Eagle during their breeding season in the last two decades. These two recently sympatric species have similar nesting ecology and frequently use the same nests. They are therefore expected to compete over nesting sites and territories. We analysed interspecific interactions between these two species by combining information from comprehensive observational, experimental, GIS analysis and remote sensing data, deriving 65 variables to characterize the nest‐sites used and the breeding success in 381 breeding attempts over four consecutive breeding seasons. To assess interspecific and intraspecific territorial behaviour and aggressiveness, stuffed Long‐legged Buzzards and Short‐toed Eagles were presented close to nests. Nest‐site characteristics overlapped substantially between species, and Long‐legged Buzzards occupied 21% of all Short‐toed Eagle nests. Intraspecific aggression rates among Long‐legged Buzzards were higher than their interspecific aggression rates with Short‐toed Eagles and also higher than intraspecific aggression among Short‐toed Eagles. Long‐legged Buzzard and Short‐toed Eagle breeding densities (1.59 ± 0.11 and 2.96 ± 0.11 pairs per 10 km2, respectively) are likely to be the highest across their respective breeding distributions, with a maximum productivity of 0.96 ± 0.01 and 0.56 ± 0.05 (young fledged/breeding pair) for Long‐legged Buzzard and Short‐toed Eagle, respectively. Intraspecific interactions among both species play an important role in determining their breeding success and the spatial distribution of nesting sites. Our results suggest that interspecific competition over nesting sites and territories between both species, and the potential dominance of Long‐legged Buzzard, has both direct and indirect impacts on the spatial and demographic distribution of Short‐toed Eagles due to the recent establishment of Long‐legged Buzzard territories in the Judean breeding area.
Metaheuristic approaches for IP/MPLS network design
Authors: Risso Claudio , Nesmachnow Sergio , Robledo Franco 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis work introduces metaheuristic approaches for designing resilient and cost‐effective multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) networks, a technology that is gaining prominent importance since most of the global data traffic is Internet traffic, and most internet protocol (IP) traffic within service provider backbones is being supported upon the IP/MPLS technology. Our approach is innovative because it integrates an overlay network design problem with the effective usage of traffic‐engineering features of this technology. Due to the resulting complexity and a high level of technological detail, we decided to use metaheuristics to find solutions to prospective scenarios for two real‐world applications. The best results were achieved using evolutionary algorithms and GRASP (Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search Procedure). The relative improvements for some of these scenarios are outstanding and reveal how using the protection mechanisms provided by newer technologies may advance efficiency standards more than legacy protection schemas.
A branch‐and‐cut algorithm for the Team Orienteering Problem
Authors: Bianchessi Nicola , Mansini Renata , Speranza M. Grazia 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe Team Orienteering Problem aims at maximizing the total amount of profit collected by a fleet of vehicles while not exceeding a predefined travel time limit on each vehicle. In the last years, several exact methods based on different mathematical formulations were proposed. In this paper, we present a new two‐index formulation with a polynomial number of variables and constraints. This compact formulation, reinforced by connectivity constraints, was solved by means of a branch‐and‐cut algorithm. The total number of instances solved to optimality is 327 of 387 benchmark instances, 26 more than any previous method. Moreover, 24 not previously solved instances were closed to optimality.
Responding to Big Data in the Art Education Classroom: Affordances and Problematics
Authors: Duncum Paul 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe article raises questions about the use in art education classrooms of social networking sites like Facebook and image sharing sites like YouTube that rely upon the ability of Big Data to aggregate large amounts of data, including data on students. The article also offers suggestions for the responsible use of these sites. Many youth are using these sites as creative platforms and, taking their lead, the author describes his own use of YouTube as a creative tool in his pre‐service classroom. The author argues that most art educational literature that relies upon Big Data sites consider only the affordances and not the problematics involved, specifically issues of privacy and having youth effectively working as unpaid labour for global corporations.
Breastfeeding in the context of domestic violence—a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Finnbogadóttir Hafrún , Thies‐Lagergren Li 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimsTo determine the differences in breastfeeding among women who did and did not experience domestic violence during pregnancy and postpartum in a Swedish context. In addition, to identify possible differences regarding breastfeeding between groups with or without a history of violence. Further, determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and symptoms of depression.BackgroundHistory of violence may increase the risk of depression and a decrease in, or cessation of, breastfeeding.DesignThe study has a cross‐sectional design.MethodsData were collected prospectively from March 2012 ‐ May 2015. A cohort of 731 mothers answered a questionnaire from a larger project (1.5 years postpartum).ResultsBreastfeeding was reported by 93.7% of participants. Women exposed to domestic violence during pregnancy and/or postpartum (4.5%) were just as likely to breastfeed as women who had not reported exposure to domestic violence. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups with or without a history of violence regarding exclusive breastfeeding. Women reporting several symptoms of depression breastfed exclusively to a lesser extent compared with women who had a few symptoms of depression.ConclusionDomestic violence did not influence breastfeeding prevalence or duration. Breastfeeding did not differ in women with or without a history of violence. Symptoms of depression influenced duration of exclusive breastfeeding. Beyond recognizing women who are exposed to violence, it is important to identify and to support pregnant women and new mothers with symptoms of depression as their health and the health of their infants depends on the mothers’ mental well‐being.
Prediction of complex traits: Conciliating genetics and statistics
Authors: Manfredi E. , Tusell L. , Vitezica Z.G. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThis review focuses on methods used to predict complex traits. Main characteristics of prediction approaches are given: the deterministic or stochastic nature of prediction, the objects of prediction, the sources of information and the main statistical methods. Sources of information discussed are the traditional genealogies and phenotypes, nucleotide sequences, expression data and epigenetics marks. Statistical methods are presented as successive degrees of generalization from the definition of the conditional expectation as the prediction rule, to best linear unbiased prediction, then Bayesian and, recently, machine learning methods, including meta‐methods. We highlight the contributions of Daniel Gianola to this methodological evolution.
Differing intrinsic biological properties between forebrain and spinal oligodendroglial lineage cells
Authors: Horiuchi Makoto , Suzuki‐Horiuchi Yoko , Akiyama Tasuku , Itoh Aki , Pleasure David , Carstens Earl , Itoh Takayuki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDifferentiation of oligodendroglial progenitor cells (OPCs) into myelinating oligodendrocytes is known to be regulated by the microenvironment where they differentiate. However, current research has not verified whether or not oligodendroglial lineage cells (OLCs) derived from different anatomical regions of the central nervous system (CNS) respond to microenvironmental cues in the same manner. Here, we isolated pure OPCs from rat neonatal forebrain (FB) and spinal cord (SC) and compared their phenotypes in the same in vitro conditions. We found that although FB and SC OLCs responded differently to the same external factors; they were distinct in proliferation response to mitogens, oligodendrocyte phenotype after differentiation, and cytotoxic responses to α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate‐type glutamate receptor‐mediated excitotoxicity at immature stages of differentiation in a cell‐intrinsic manner. Moreover, transcriptome analysis identified genes differentially expressed between these OPC populations, including those encoding transcription factors (TFs), cell surface molecules, and signaling molecules. Particularly, FB and SC OPCs retained the expression of FB‐ or SC‐specific TFs, such as Foxg1 and Hoxc8, respectively, even after serial passaging in vitro. Given the essential role of these TFs in the regional identities of CNS cells along the rostrocaudal axis, our results suggest that CNS region‐specific gene regulation by these TFs may cause cell‐intrinsic differences in cellular responses between FB and SC OLCs to extracellular molecules. Further understanding of the regional differences among OPC populations will help to improve treatments for demyelination in different CNS regions and to facilitate the development of stem cell‐derived OPCs for cell transplantation therapies for demyelination.
image
Cover Image for this issue: doi. 10.1111/jnc.13809.