bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Alopecia Due to Birth Trauma: Case Report and Trichoscopic Findings
Authors: Liberati Giulia , Starace Michela , Patrizi Annalisa , Piraccini Bianca Maria 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA 4‐day‐old boy was referred for evaluation of an oval patch of occipital alopecia associated with caput succedaneum and ipsilateral eyelid ecchymoses. Based on the history of a prolonged, difficult labor with vacuum‐assisted delivery, the diagnosis of neonatal alopecia associated with birth trauma was made. Trichoscopy showed purple dots corresponding to blood extravasation and follicular ostia. We also review the trichoscopic differential diagnosis of focal neonatal alopecia.
Maternal Pre‐pregnancy Body Mass Index and Autism Spectrum Disorder among Offspring: A Population‐Based Case–Control Study
Authors: Getz Kelly D. , Anderka Marlene T. , Werler Martha M. , Jick Susan S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have attributed high maternal weight gain during pregnancy and pre‐pregnancy obesity to a higher risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Maternal underweight was not previously explored with respect to ASD risk.MethodsWe evaluated the association between maternal pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and ASD occurrence among singletons born into the General Practice Research Database from 1993 to 2008. Case subjects were children with a diagnosis of ASD from birth to 2010. Up to four control subjects were matched to each case subject on birth year, sex, and general practice. Restricted cubic splines were used to assess the non‐linearity of the association between maternal BMI and ASD. All study subjects were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight, or obese based on maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI using the WHO Classification Standard. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate unadjusted and multivariable adjusted odds ratios for the association between categorical BMI (reference=normal weight) and the occurrence of ASD.ResultsThe association between maternal BMI and ASD occurrence was non‐linear and J‐shaped. The adjusted ORs for maternal underweight and obesity were 1.43 (95% CI 1.01, 2.04) and 1.54 (95% CI 1.26, 1.89) respectively.ConclusionsResults suggest that extremes in maternal BMI may be associated with modest increases in the risk for ASD among offspring.
Prepulse inhibition deficits in women with PTSD
Authors: Pineles Suzanne L. , Blumenthal Terry D. , Curreri Andrew J. , Nillni Yael I. , Putnam Katherine M. , Resick Patricia A. , Rasmusson Ann M. , Orr Scott P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPrepulse inhibition (PPI) is an automatic and preattentive process, whereby a weak stimulus attenuates responding to a sudden and intense startle stimulus. PPI is a measure of sensorimotor filtering, which is conceptualized as a mechanism that facilitates processing of an initial stimulus and is protective from interruption by a later response. Impaired PPI has been found in (a) healthy women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, and (b) individuals with types of psychopathology characterized by difficulty suppressing and filtering sensory, motor, or cognitive information. In the current study, 47 trauma‐exposed women with or without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) completed a PPI session during two different phases of the menstrual cycle: the early follicular phase, when estradiol and progesterone are both low, and the midluteal phase, when estradiol and progesterone are both high. Startle stimuli were 100 dB white noise bursts presented for 50 ms, and prepulses were 70 dB white noise bursts presented for 20 ms that preceded the startle stimuli by 120 ms. Women with PTSD showed deficits in PPI relative to the healthy trauma‐exposed participants. Menstrual phase had no effect on PPI. These results provide empirical support for individuals with PTSD having difficulty with sensorimotor filtering. The potential utility of PPI as a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) phenotype is discussed.
Why do True Beliefs Differ in Epistemic Value?
Authors: Hu Xingming 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVeritism claims that only true beliefs are of basic epistemic value. Michael DePaul argues that veritism is false because it entails the implausible view that all true beliefs are of equal epistemic value. In this paper, I discuss two recent replies to DePaul's argument: one offered by Nick Treanor and the other by Kristoffer Ahlstrom‐Vij and Stephen Grimm. I argue that neither of the two replies is successful. I propose a new response to DePaul's argument and defend my response against a possible objection.
Linking changes in knowledge and attitudes with successful land restoration in indigenous communities
Authors: Hartman Brett D. , Cleveland David A. , Chadwick Oliver A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSuccessful land restoration in impoverished rural environments may require adoption of new resource management strategies; however, feedbacks between local knowledge and introduced restoration technologies have rarely been articulated. We used interview scenarios to analyze the role of local knowledge in land restoration at a large‐scale, long‐term watershed rehabilitation and wet meadow restoration program in the highland Andes. Indigenous communities built over 30,000 check dams, terraces and infiltration ditches, and the density of erosion control structures and visible restoration varied greatly across participant communities. We developed a survey reaching across the highest restoration management intensity, lowest restoration management intensity, and non‐project (control) communities. We interviewed 49 respondents using 14 scenarios based on photos depicting biophysical phenomena related to land degradation and restoration. The scenarios generated 5,828 statements that were coded into 964 distinct concepts. As expected, respondents that built more erosion control structures had more detailed knowledge of check dam construction and ecosystem development following physical interventions. More significantly, there was a shift in the conceptualization of and attitudes toward land degradation and restoration. Respondents who built more erosion control structures were more likely to: attribute wetland hydrology to groundwater recharge rather than myth constructs about seeps and springs; attribute land degradation to human rather than mythological causes; and have more proactive attitudes regarding land restoration. Evidence suggests that when addressing severe land degradation or restoring ecosystem processes not readily observable by indigenous people, such as groundwater flow and wetland recharge, restoration success will depend on combining local and scientific knowledge.
The Role of Middle Class in Economic Development: What Do Cross‐Country Data Show?
Authors: Chun Natalie , Hasan Rana , Rahman Muhammad Habibur , Ulubaşoğlu Mehmet Ali 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the channels through which the middle class may matter for consumption growth. Using several different middle‐class measures and a panel of 105 developing countries spanning the period 1985–2013, we find that a larger middle class influences consumption growth primarily through higher levels of human capital accumulation. There is also a significant direct effect of middle‐class size on consumption growth, which is more pronounced in the latter half of the sample, the 2000–2013 period.
Nostalgia Isn't What it Used to Be: Partisan Polarization in Views on the Past*
Authors: Hibbing Matthew V. , Hayes Matthew , Deol Raman 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveIn this article, we seek to extend our understanding of the partisan lenses through which Americans view politics by investigating if there is partisan polarization in views of the past. Current political issues are frequently contextualized with references to the past. Despite these frequent evocations of the past, public opinion scholars’ knowledge of how citizens view earlier eras is incomplete.MethodsWe evaluate competing explanations of the effect of the past on present political attitudes: generational effects, partisanship, and ideology. To do this, we administered a novel battery of questions to a nationally representative sample drawn from the 2012 Cooperative Campaign Analysis Project.ResultsThe data show evidence of generational effects, but also of partisanship in the case of opinions of governmental performance, and of ideology in the case of evaluations of culture and quality of life.ConclusionThis study suggests that Americans are divided not just in their views of the present, but also in their views on the past. To the extent that peoples’ evaluations are shaped by how well government is performing relative to some past era of good performance, polarization in views of the past could have long‐lasting effects on how Americans evaluate the government.
It's Not Race, It's Politics! A Natural Experiment Examining the Influence of Race in Electoral Politics*
Authors: Meyer Chase B. , Woodard J. David 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveMinority candidates for office must overcome numerous hurdles in order to win elective office, with one such hurdle being the racial resentment of voters. This article tests the impact racial resentment has on white support for a minority candidate in relation to a similar white candidate.MethodThis article employs a natural experiment provided by the 2014 South Carolina Senate elections. Examining these elections, this article examines what impact a voter's racial resentment has on his or her support for the two candidates.ResultsThe results show that voters who score highly on the racial resentment scale are just as likely to support a minority Republican as they are to support a white Republican.ConclusionThese findings indicate that racial resentment scores may not adequately measure a person's true feelings on race, particularly when the minority candidate is a Republican.
The Trump Hypothesis: Testing Immigrant Populations as a Determinant of Violent and Drug‐Related Crime in the United States*
Authors: Green David 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo test the “Trump Hypothesis”: whether immigrants are responsible for higher levels of violent and drug‐related crime in the United States, as asserted by Donald Trump in his 2015 presidential campaign announcement. This is achieved using recent crime and immigration data, thus testing the common public perception linking immigrants to crime, and providing an updated assessment of the immigrant‐crime nexus.MethodsRates of violent crime and drug arrests by state are pooled for 2012–2014. These are compared against pooled statistics on foreign‐born and Mexican nationals living in the United States, as well as estimates of undocumented foreign and undocumented Mexican population by state. The data are analyzed using correlation and multivariate regressions.ResultsData uniformly show no association between immigrant population size and increased violent crime. However, there appears to be a small but significant association between undocumented immigrant populations and drug‐related arrests.ConclusionsResults largely contradict the Trump Hypothesis: no evidence links Mexican or undocumented Mexican immigrants specifically to violent or drug‐related crime. Undocumented immigrant associations with drug‐related crime are minimal, though significant. The Trump Hypothesis consequently appears to be biased toward rhetoric rather than evidence.
Preoperative anaemia is associated with increased allogeneic pack red cell transfusion in revision hip and knee joint arthroplasty: a retrospective analysis of 5387 patients over a 10‐year period at a single high volume centre
Authors: Kasivisvanathan R. , Ramesh V. , Rao Baikady R. , Nadaraja S. 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of preoperative World Health Organization (WHO) defined anaemia in patients presenting for revision hip and knee arthroplasty and its association with transfusion of allogeneic packed red blood cells (PRBC).BackgroundStudies have mainly investigated the prevalence of preoperative anaemia in primary and not revision hip and knee joint arthroplasty.MethodsAn analysis of a prospectively collected patient data for 5387 patients having revision hip or knee arthroplasty over a 10‐year period at a single high volume centre was conducted. Logistic regression was used to assess whether the presence of WHO defined preoperative anaemia as well as other risk factors were associated with inpatient allogeneic PRBC transfusion.ResultsThere were 5387 patients assessed of which 3021 (56·01%) patients had revision total hip replacements and 2366 (43·09%) had revision total knee arthroplasty. Of these patients 1956 (36·03%) had preoperative WHO defined anaemia. A total of 2034 (37·08%) patients received at least one unit of allogeneic PRBC during their primary hospital admission. In the final model preoperative WHO defined anaemia was independently associated with allogeneic PRBC transfusion in hip and knee revision surgery OR 4·042 (4·012–4·072 95% CI)ConclusionsPreoperative anaemia is common in patients presenting for revision hip and knee arthroplasty and independently associated with transfusion of allogeneic PRBC.
Xenotransfusion of anemic cats with blood compatibility issues: pre‐ and posttransfusion laboratory diagnostic and crossmatching studies
Authors: Euler Catharina C. , Raj Karthik , Mizukami Keijiro , Murray Louise , Chen Chi‐Ya , Mackin Andrew , Giger Urs 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundFinding compatible feline blood donors can be challenging. Canine blood has been occasionally used when compatible feline blood was not available in emergency situations.ObjectivesThe study goals were to describe the effects of xenotransfusion in 2 anemic cats receiving canine blood because of discordant blood types and acute transfusion reaction, respectively, and to report in vitro heterotyping and crossmatching results between canine and feline blood samples.Material and MethodsBlood samples from patients and other cats and dogs were typed, crossmatched, and assessed for alloantibodies using gel, card, and immunochromatographic strip techniques.ResultsCat 1 was found to have typeABblood. Cat 2, which experienced an acute transfusion reaction, had type A blood. Neither had detectable alloantibodies against felineRBC. Both cats transiently improved after transfusion with canine blood; however, acute intravascular hemolysis occurred and thePCVrapidly declined. Blood typing post xenotransfusion withDEA1 strips revealed a positive control band that was absent in feline blood, thus allowing for the identification of transfused canineRBC. Longitudinal assessment revealed that canineRBCcould no longer be detected 4 days after xenotransfusion.Major crossmatching (feline plasma with canineRBC) resulted in both positive and negative reactions, depending on the cat. Minor crossmatching results showed mostly incompatibility.ConclusionWhile both cats survived xenotransfusion, the positive control band on theDEA1 strip revealed that transfused canineRBCwere short‐lived and intravascular hemolysis occurred. Crossmatch results between cats and dogs showed varied incompatibilities and may not predict transfusion reactions.
Precious metals in urban waste
Authors: Prichard Hazel M. , Wedin Francis , Sampson Jean , Jackson Matthew T. , Fisher Peter C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSamples of incinerator ash from sewage operations in the UK have been analysed and all contain concentrations of over 1 ppm gold (Au), ranging up to 7 ppm, showing a remarkable consistency of enrichment for all the 9 incinerators sampled. Samples analysed from 2005 to 2007 and in 2014 all have elevated values showing a consistency of high Au grades over time as well as between incinerators. One dried sewage sample also has elevated Au values averaging 721 ppb. Rounded grains of Au, 2–3 microns in diameter, have been located in the incinerator ash. Our results indicate that this ash produced from incinerated sewage contains Au, with associated platinum‐group elements (PGE) and silver (Ag). This forms a polymetallic resource which may be economic to recover and recycle. Tests to extract these precious metals from the ash are ongoing.
Implementation of Symptom Protocols for Nurses Providing Telephone‐Based Cancer Symptom Management: A Comparative Case Study
Authors: Stacey Dawn , Green Esther , Ballantyne Barbara , Tarasuk Joy , Skrutkowski Myriam , Carley Meg , Chapman Kim , Kuziemsky Craig , Kolari Erin , Sabo Brenda , Saucier Andréanne , Shaw Tara , Tardif Lucie , Truant Tracy , Cummings Greta G. , Howell Doris 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe pan‐Canadian Oncology Symptom Triage and Remote Support (COSTaRS) team developed 13 evidence‐informed protocols for symptom management.AimTo build an effective and sustainable approach for implementing the COSTaRS protocols for nurses providing telephone‐based symptom support to cancer patients.MethodsA comparative case study was guided by the Knowledge to Action Framework. Three cases were created for three Canadian oncology programs that have nurses providing telephone support. Teams of researchers and knowledge users: (a) assessed barriers and facilitators influencing protocol use, (b) adapted protocols for local use, (c) intervened to address barriers, (d) monitored use, and (e) assessed barriers and facilitators influencing sustained use. Analysis was within and across cases.ResultsAt baseline, >85% nurses rated protocols positively but barriers were identified (64‐80% needed training). Patients and families identified similar barriers and thought protocols would enhance consistency among nurses teaching self‐management. Twenty‐two COSTaRS workshops reached 85% to 97% of targeted nurses (N= 119). Nurses felt more confident with symptom management and using the COSTaRS protocols (p< .01). Protocol adaptations addressed barriers (e.g., health records approval, creating pocket versions, distributing with telephone messages). Chart audits revealed that protocols used were documented for 11% to 47% of patient calls. Sustained use requires organizational alignment and ongoing leadership support.Linking Evidence to ActionProtocol uptake was similar to trials that have evaluated tailored interventions to improve professional practice by overcoming identified barriers. Collaborating with knowledge users facilitated interpretation of findings, aided protocol adaptation, and supported implementation. Protocol implementation in nursing requires a tailored approach. A multifaceted intervention approach increased nurses’ use of evidence‐informed protocols during telephone calls with patients about symptoms. Training and other interventions improved nurses’ confidence with using COSTaRS protocols and their uptake was evident in some documented telephone calls. Protocols could be adapted for use by patients and nurses globally.
SIMULATION STUDY OF CONVEX CORNER UNDERCUTTING IN KOH AND TMAH FOR A MEMS PIEZORESISTIVE ACCELEROMETER
Authors: Yusof Norliana , Soin Norhayati , C. W. Noorakma Abdullah 
Published: May 2016

Undercutting is a common problem in wet anisotropic etching. This problem in turn, influences the performance and sensitivity of MEMS devices. This paper investigates the use of corner compensation to prevent convex corner undercutting in a MEMS piezoresistive accelerometer. The Intellisuite CAD simulation software was used for designing the mask with corner compensation and for analysing wet anisotropic etching profiles in potassium hydroxide (KOH) and tetra-methyl-ammonium-hydroxide (TMAH) solutions at different concentrations and temperatures. Perfect 90 degrees corners on the proof mass was successfully etched using a corner compensation design at etching temperature of 63 °C for KOH and 67.7 °C for TMAH with 25 wt% and 10.3 wt% concentration levels, respectively. Etching in TMAH required lower concentration level, thus making the etching process safer. However, TMAH required longer time to etch perfect convex corners compared to KOH. Nevertheless, both KOH and TMAH etchants have been successfully used to etch perfect convex corners by using the designed corner compensation mask.
JOINT POWER ALLOCATION FOR DF CONCATENATED MIMO SUCCESSIVE RELAYING SCHEME UNDER NETWORK POWER CONSTRAINTS
Authors: Orikumhi Igbafe , Yen Leow Chee 
Published: May 2016

Power efficiency is a vital consideration in wireless system. In this paper, we propose a framework for efficient power allocation in decode and forward multiple input multiple output successive relaying systems under network power constraints. Our aim is to maximize the information rate at each link by an optimal power allocation scheme via the primal dual algorithm. Then, we jointly allocate power to the source and transmitting relay under network power constraints. The simulated results show that the proposed joint power allocation scheme under network power constraint can outperform the uniform power allocation under an aggregate power constraints.
CHARACTER SEGMENTATION METHOD FOR DIGITAL BACK-LIGHT CONSOLE UNDER DIFFERENT LIGHTING CONDITIONS
Authors: Niruttisai Siriwuttichai , Tangkawanit Settha , Kanprachar Surachet 
Published: May 2016

Nowadays, the amount of electronics data has been significantly increased especially for the case of capturing images. One particular application regarding this is the image capturing of the monitoring console. The real information in such console image capturing is the characters on the console. To transfer or store the captured images, a large amount of data is required. Instead of storing the whole image, some image processing techniques could be applied in order to reduce the amount of data required. In this paper, an image processing is done to the captured image by considering the value (V) parameter of the HSV (Hue, Saturation, and Value) color system. An adaptive threshold algorithm on V parameter is adopted for segmenting the console area and then the character areas from the whole image. Under different lighting conditions from 0 to 450 lux, the console area can be correctly selected. And, the characters appearing on the console area can be retrieved with 98 percent of accuracy.
Bayesian Validation of the Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay and Its Superiority to the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and the Complement Fixation Test for Detecting Antibodies against Coxiella burnetii in Goat Serum
Authors: Muleme Michael , Stenos John , Vincent Gemma , Campbell Angus , Graves Stephen , Warner Simone , Devlin Joanne M. , Nguyen Chelsea , Stevenson Mark A. , Wilks Colin R. , Firestone Simon M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Although many studies have reported the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to be more sensitive in detection of antibodies to
Coxiella burnetii
than the complement fixation test (CFT), the diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and diagnostic specificity (DSp) of the assay have not been previously established for use in ruminants. This study aimed to validate the IFA by describing the optimization, selection of cutoff titers, repeatability, and reliability as well as the DSe and DSp of the assay. Bayesian latent class analysis was used to estimate diagnostic specifications in comparison with the CFT and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The optimal cutoff dilution for screening for IgG and IgM antibodies in goat serum using the IFA was estimated to be 1:160. The IFA had good repeatability (>96.9% for IgG, >78.0% for IgM), and there was almost perfect agreement (Cohen's kappa > 0.80 for IgG) between the readings reported by two technicians for samples tested for IgG antibodies. The IFA had a higher DSe (94.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 80.3, 99.6) for the detection of IgG antibodies against
C. burnetii
than the ELISA (70.1%; 95% CI, 52.7, 91.0) and the CFT (29.8%; 95% CI, 17.0, 44.8). All three tests were highly specific for goat IgG antibodies. The IFA also had a higher DSe (88.8%; 95% CI, 58.2, 99.5) for detection of IgM antibodies than the ELISA (71.7%; 95% CI, 46.3, 92.8). These results underscore the better suitability of the IFA than of the CFT and ELISA for detection of IgG and IgM antibodies in goat serum and possibly in serum from other ruminants.