bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local filmmaking in Brazil: Place, politics and Pernambuco’s new cinema
Authors: Navarro Vinicius 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This article looks at the recent cinema from the Brazilian state of Pernambuco, arguably the most visible of the local cinemas that have gained prominence in Brazil in the last two decades. For most of the twentieth century, local filmmaking remained somewhat marginal to Brazilian cinema, often overshadowed by metropolises such as Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. By contrast, the surge of local filmmaking in recent years has been key to the growth of Brazilian cinema after a period of near stagnation in the early 1990s. This article offers a partial survey of Pernambuco’s new cinema, focusing specifically on the notion of place. Drawing on the work of Doreen Massey, it proposes a relational reading of locality that de-emphasizes territorial fixity and associates place with social experience. The article relies on this relational approach to argue that Pernambuco’s cinema has revitalized Brazil’s tradition of political filmmaking.
Nature–inspired metaheuristic algorithms to find near–OGR sequences for WDM channel allocation and their performance comparison
Authors: Bansal Shonak , Gupta Neena , Singh Arun Kumar 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Nowadays, nature–inspired metaheuristic algorithms are most powerful optimizing algorithms for solving the NP–complete problems. This paper proposes three approaches to find near–optimal Golomb ruler sequences based on nature–inspired algorithms in a reasonable time. The optimal Golomb ruler (OGR) sequences found their application in channel–allocation method that allows suppression of the crosstalk due to four–wave mixing in optical wavelength division multiplexing systems. The simulation results conclude that the proposed nature–inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithms are superior to the existing conventional and nature–inspired algorithms to find near–OGRs in terms of ruler length, total optical channel bandwidth, computation time, and computational complexity. Based on the simulation results, the performance of proposed different nature–inspired metaheuristic algorithms are being compared by using statistical tests. The statistical test results conclude the superiority of the proposed nature–inspired optimization algorithms.
Nucleophilic C–H functionalization of arenes: a new logic of organic synthesis
Authors: Chupakhin Oleg N. , Charushin Valery N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDirect metal-free C–H functionalization of arenes with nucleophiles is a new chapter in the chemistry of aromatics. Comprehensive studies on nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in arenes (the SNHreactions), including mechanisms, intermediates, mathematic and electrochemical modeling, kinetics, electron-transfer, etc. have shown that this is not the hydride ion, but C–H proton is departed, and this process is facilitated by the presence of an appropriate oxidant or an auxiliary group. The SNHreactions, as a part of the general C–H functionalization concept, change the logic of organic synthesis. They open new opportunities, avoiding incorporation of good leaving groups or other auxiliaries in an aromatic ring, as a prefunctionalization step, thus providing a better correspondence to the principles of green chemistry.
Dynamic expression of CX36 protein in kainic acid kindling induced epilepsy
Authors: Wu Xue-mei , Wang Guang-liang , Hao Xiao-sheng , Feng Jia-chun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractConnexin (Cx) 36 is known to be a component of gap junctions, and has been suggested to play an important role in epilepsy. In order to determine dynamic changes of Cx36 protein expression in epilepsy and investigate the role of Cx36 in electroencephalographic activity and pathogenesis, we utilized kainic acid (KA) to induce epileptogenesis. We found that epileptic discharges began 71.8 ± 23.7 s after KA administration. Spike frequency and amplitude of epileptiform activity reached maximal levels at 30 ± 5.2 min. The maximum level of spike frequency and amplitude of epileptiform activity was 13.9 ± 0.3 Hz and 198 ± 14.3mV respectively. Employing Western blotting and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that hippocampal Cx36 protein expression was significantly increased 6 h after KA kindling compared to control or sham groups, but decreased in 3 d and 7d groups. Our results suggested that the dynamic change of Cx36 expression may play an important role inepilepsy, and the specific manipulation of Cx36 expression may be a potential target for the treatment of epilepsy.
DNA‐binding determinants and cellular thresholds for human telomerase repeat addition processivity
Authors: Wu Robert Alexander , Tam Jane , Collins Kathleen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe reverse transcriptase telomerase adds telomeric repeats to chromosome ends. Purified human telomerase catalyzes processive repeat synthesis, which could restore the full ~100 nucleotides of (T2AG3)n lost from replicated chromosome ends as a single elongation event. Processivity inhibition is proposed to be a basis of human disease, but the impacts of different levels of processivity on telomere maintenance have not been examined. Here, we delineate side chains in the telomerase active‐site cavity important for repeat addition processivity, determine how they contribute to duplex and single‐stranded DNA handling, and test the cellular consequences of partial or complete loss of repeat addition processivity for telomere maintenance. Biochemical findings oblige a new model for DNA and RNA handling dynamics in processive repeat synthesis. Biological analyses implicate repeat addition processivity as essential for telomerase function. However, telomeres can be maintained by telomerases with lower than wild‐type processivity. Furthermore, telomerases with low processivity dramatically elongate telomeres when overexpressed. These studies reveal distinct consequences of changes in telomerase repeat addition processivity and expression level on telomere elongation and length maintenance.
An Evolutionarily Conserved Role of Presenilin in Neuronal Protection in the Aging Drosophila Brain
Authors: Kang Jongkyun , Shin Sarah , Perrimon Norbert , Shen Jie 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Mutations in the Presenilin genes are the major genetic cause of Alzheimer’s disease. Presenilin and Nicastrin are essential components of γ-secretase, a multi-subunit protease that cleaves Type I transmembrane proteins. Genetic studies in mice previously demonstrated that conditional inactivation of Presenilin or Nicastrin in excitatory neurons of the postnatal forebrain results in memory deficits, synaptic impairment, and age-dependent neurodegeneration. The roles of Drosophila Presenilin (Psn) and Nicastrin (Nct) in the adult fly brain, however, are unknown. To knockdown (KD) Psn or Nct selectively in neurons of the adult brain, we generated multiple shRNA lines. Using a ubiquitous driver, these shRNA lines resulted in 80–90% reduction of mRNA and pupal lethality—a phenotype that is shared with Psn and Nct mutants carrying nonsense mutations. Furthermore, expression of these shRNAs in the wing disc caused notching wing phenotypes, which are also shared with Psn and Nct mutants. Similar to Nct, neuron-specific Psn KD using two independent shRNA lines led to early mortality and rough eye phenotypes, which were rescued by a fly Psn transgene. Interestingly, conditional KD (cKD) of Psn or Nct in adult neurons using the elav-Gal4 and tubulin-Gal80ts system caused shortened lifespan, climbing defects, increases in apoptosis, and age-dependent neurodegeneration. Together, these findings demonstrate that, similar to their mammalian counterparts, Drosophila Psn and Nct are required for neuronal survival during aging and normal lifespan, highlighting an evolutionarily conserved role of Presenilin in neuronal protection in the aging brain.
Inferring the Joint Demographic History of Multiple Populations: Beyond the Diffusion Approximation
Authors: Jouganous Julien , Long Will , Ragsdale Aaron P , Gravel Simon 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPatterns of genetic variation across populations are influenced by mutation, selection, genetic drift, and migrations. Building models of evolution...Understanding variation in allele frequencies across populations is a central goal of population genetics. Classical models for the distribution of allele frequencies, using forward simulation, coalescent theory, or the diffusion approximation, have been applied extensively for demographic inference, medical study design, and evolutionary studies. Here we propose a tractable model of ordinary differential equations for the evolution of allele frequencies that is closely related to the diffusion approximation but avoids many of its limitations and approximations. We show that the approach is typically faster, more numerically stable, and more easily generalizable than the state-of-the-art software implementation of the diffusion approximation. We present a number of applications to human sequence data, including demographic inference with a five-population joint frequency spectrum and a discussion of the robustness of the out-of-Africa model inference to the choice of modern population.
XIII–XIV amžiaus Kernavės keramika
Authors: Baltramiejūnaitė Dovilė 
Published: May 2017

Pottery in Kernavė from the 13th–14th CenturiesThe subject of this study is medieval wheel-turned pottery in Kernavė in the 13th-14th centuries. The main goal is to examine the development of pottery in this medieval town. For the study, the technological, morphological and ornamental properties of pottery were analyzed in detail in search of their functional significance and developement throughout space and time. Stylistic vessel groups were established based on specific characterizing attributes. The analysis of dispersion of these vessels and their fragments reveals therole and evolution of pottery in the early urban society.
Productivity and slaughter index of young gees feeding of soybean lecithin and sunflower
Authors: Orischuk O. S. , Ruban N. A. , Tsap S. V. , Mykytiuk V. V. , Darmohray L. M. 
Published: May 2017

The results of the impact of soy lecithin and sunflower on productivity and quality slaughter calves geese. Experimental studies were conducted with 200 geese breed «Danish lehart» which formed 5 groups. Since days old, I (control) group of geese received during the research period, complete feed is made in terms of private enterprise «Orbita», II, III, IV and V (experimental) group received a complete feed with the addition of its composition of different doses of lecithin sunflower instead of a similar amount of soybean meal. Experimental young geese fed complete ration that was balanced in essential nutrients. Over the entire period of growing the highest average increase in body weight observed in geese II experimental group, which was 95.2 g, which is 9.7% higher compared with the control. Advantage geese III, IV and V of experimental groups fed 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5% soy lecithin, this indicator was 0.3%, 4.8% and 7.4% compared to analog control group. A similar trend was observed in terms of the absolute increase in body weight, where the highest increase was observed in the experimental group of geese II – 5711 g, which is 9.6% higher compared with the control. Feeding soy lecithin III, IV and V of the experimental group also tended to increase in absolute growth, namely 0.3%, 4.8% and 6.4% relative and 0.5% – 0.8%. To assess meat quality of young geese for the use of sunflower lecithin and soybean aged 60 days was held control slaughter to determine slaughtered parameters. In terms of pulp output young geese II experimental group exceeded by 16.3% (P < 0.01), analogues control group, the experimental group III geese by 4.4%, geese IV experimental group 6.4% (P < 0.05) and the experimental group geese V 8.5% respectively. By weight of skin with subcutaneous fat geese dominated research groups geese control group 12.3%, 7.1%, 5.2% and 9.9% respectively. Calculation of meat and osteal index showed that in II experimental group the figure was 1.86 and was 7.5% higher than the control at 3.5%, III research group – on 2.7%, IV group – to 1.6% and 0.5% V group respectively. Analyzing the findings can assert about the appropriateness of sunflower lecithin in the composition of complete feed young geese in an amount of 0.4%. Prospects of further research is to study the effects of different amounts and sources of sunflower lecithin in feeding breeder geese breed «Danish lehart».
Adaptation ability and natural animals resistance of polissia meat breed
Authors: Boiko A. O. 
Published: May 2017

It was made the research of the adaptive ability and natural resistance of Polissia meat breed animals, the area of their content was limited by the conditions of the lowland, forested and bogged territory of the Ukrainian Polissia and Precarpathian. Materials for analysis were selected with scientific publications and works, which reflect the issue of the breeding and maintenance of Polissia meat breed animals, as well as their own research on the natural resistance of cows. As a result of the analysis of the obtained information, it was found out that the cows of the 1st experimental group of the high-growth type, they possess a high potential of natural resistance, a somewhat lower resistance was detected in the cows of the intermediate type (II control group) and compact type (III experimental group). From these studies it emerges that there is the advisability of a comprehensive study of the type of constitution, since this determines the level of natural resistance and light resistance of animals. Only strong animals are able to be healthy, to give a viable and full-fledged offspring, to have high productivity, to withstand constant operational loads on the body and for a long time to be rationally operated with the greatest economic efficiency.
Composition of mineral elements in the yield of one-species sows of perennial grasses and their mixtures
Authors: Vyhovsky I. V. 
Published: May 2017

Currently, one of the least expensive options for renewing eroded soils is the sowing of grasses for the production of cheap quality fodder adapted with updated soil and climatic conditions. Analysis presented in the paper shows that one of the main conditions for balanced feeding of cows is to provide sufficient level of mineral elements with feeds. This guarantees not only high productivity and quality, but also effective use of meadow grass stands. On the basis of the studies carried out, it is determined that a sufficient number of mineral elements are present in the feed on the variants of the experiment, where a mixture of Medicago sativa alfalfa crop, Lotus corniculatus lyadvenets Horned was sown. It has been established that leguminous grasses with phosphorus-potassium fertilizer positively influence some indicators of the composition of mineral elements in the forage of one-species perennial crops and their mixtures. The grass-legume mixture contained the following herbs: Medicago sativa alfalfa crop, Lotus corniculatus lyadvenets Horned, Bromus rump beardless inermis, and Lolium multiflorum with the fertilizer N60P60K90. The mineral content of the fertilizer provides the grass-legume mixture with enough phosphorus (0.43%), potassium (2.70%), calcium (0.39%), magnesium (0.20%) and sodium (0.13%)
Grounds for the monitoring system of the resources of the river basin agrosphere
Authors: Klymenko O. , Butsyak V. , Butsyak A. 
Published: May 2017

Monitoring of the environment is an important instrument of water resources effective management, well-timed prevention of harmful pollutant influence and thorough information of the public about the state and tendencies of changes in river basin agrosphere. However, the existing system of monitoring doesn’t fully correspond to international requirements and is one of the main restraining factors of the basin management system development. It is suggested to put into the base of monitoring system of socio-economic-ecological systems river basin the unification of well-known home and international monitoring systems which are reasonable to supplement with additional data of regional character. The system of monitoring of river basin agrosphere resources has been substantiated in the article. The main tasks and structure elements of monitoring system have been defined. It is reasonable to fulfill the monitoring of river basin agrosphere state according to appropriate algorithm which forsees the realization of operation cycle, from definition of information needs to information product using. Then the principal blocks of monitoring system of river basin agrosphere to estimate the state of socio-economic-ecological systems are considered to be the following ones: socio-economic-ecological and geology-geomorphological, but to estimate the state of surface waters – hydrological, climatic and bioecological. It should be mentioned that in the suggested monitoring system of river basin agrosphere state the blocks «Observation» and «Prognostication» are closely interconnected as the prognostication of agrosphere state changes is possible only when sufficient and reliable information about its actual state is available. The problem of information product using by regional and local authorities, as well as, by basin administration is of peculiar attention in the monitoring system of river basin agrosphere state.
Milk productivity and reproductive ability of ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed cows of different type of constitution
Authors: Shcherbatyj Z. Y. , Bodnar P. V. , Kropyvka Y. G. 
Published: May 2017

The analysis was done on milk production and the reproductive ability of cows of Ukrainian Black-Spotted dairy breed cows of different types of constitution under conditions of breeding farm «Yamnytsya» Tysmenytsya district, Ivano-Frankivsk region. Determining the type of constitution of animals was carried out by mass-metric coefficient, indicator of which were differentiated from its deviation from the arithmetic mean share at 0.43 of sigma (σ), three types of constitution: tight, intermediate and loose. It is established that the milk yield and reproducible ability of cows depended on the type of constitution. For the first, second, third and better lactation the highest milk yield and the amount of milk fat were observed cows of dense type of constitution, and what prevailed animals of intermediate and loose types in 428.0–1318.2 and 11.9–49.2 kg respectively. The largest share of influence of the type constitution on yield and the amount of butterfat in the first lactation (18.51 and 18.42%) and on the fat content in milk for the second and third lactation (10.98 and 17.11%). The correlation coefficients between the type of constitution and milk yield, depending on lactation, were in the range 0.047–0.410, fat content in milk – -0.098– -0.423 and the number of milk fat – -0.032– +0.403. The highest connection between the type of constitution and milk yield milk yield and quantity of milk fat were observed in the first lactation, and in the second, the third and best lactation – between the type of constitution and fat content in milk. Lower age of first calving cows were characterized cows of dense type of constitution, which conceded intermediate and loose type. For the duration of service- and between calving period, the coefficient of reproductive capacity, calves output per 100 cows, index of heifers insemination and firstborn cows, animals of dense type constitution conceded the intermediate and loose types. High and reliable (P < 0.01–0.001) influence of constitution type had on the duration and service-and between-calving period, the coefficient of reproductive capacity, calves output per 100 cows, and index of heifers insemination – within 6.03–7.09%, and the smallest - on the duration of gestation of heifers and firstborn cows – 0.66 and 0.41% respectively. The highest positive and highly probable correlation coefficients were observed between the type of constitution of animals and the duration of their service- and between calving period (0.283 and 0.278) and negative, but probable links – between the type of constitution and coefficient of reproductive capacity (-0.271) and calves output per 100 cows (-0.269). Available communication indicates the possibility and expediency of dairy cattle breeding by mass-metric coefficient, that will promote simultaneous enhancement of their milk production at selection by external-constitutional type.
Neurologic Serious Adverse Events Associated with Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab or Nivolumab Alone in Advanced Melanoma, Including a Case Series of Encephalitis
Authors: Larkin James , Chmielowski Bartosz , Lao Christopher D. , Hodi F. Stephen , Sharfman William , Weber Jeffrey , Suijkerbuijk Karijn P. M. , Azevedo Sergio , Li Hewei , Reshef Daniel , Avila Alexandre , Reardon David A. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
Despite unprecedented efficacy across multiple tumor types, immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is associated with a unique and wide spectrum of immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including neurologic events ranging from mild headache to potentially life-threatening encephalitis. Here, we summarize neurologic irAEs associated with nivolumab and ipilimumab melanoma treatment, present cases of treatment-related encephalitis, and provide practical guidance on diagnosis and management.

Methods
We searched a Global Pharmacovigilance and Epidemiology database for neurologic irAEs reported over an 8-year period in patients with advanced melanoma receiving nivolumab with or without ipilimumab from 12 studies sponsored by Bristol-Myers Squibb. Serious neurologic irAEs were reviewed, and relationship to nivolumab or ipilimumab was assigned.

Results
In our search of 3,763 patients, 35 patients (0.93%) presented with 43 serious neurologic irAEs, including neuropathy (n = 22), noninfective meningitis (n = 5), encephalitis (n = 6), neuromuscular disorders (n = 3), and nonspecific adverse events (n = 7). Study drug was discontinued (n = 20), interrupted (n = 8), or unchanged (n = 7). Most neurologic irAEs resolved (26/35 patients; 75%). Overall, median time to onset was 45 days (range 1–170) and to resolution was 32 days (2–809+). Median time to onset of encephalitis was 55.5 days (range 18–297); four cases resolved and one was fatal.

Conclusion
Both oncologists and neurologists need to be aware of signs and symptoms of serious but uncommon neurologic irAEs associated with checkpoint inhibitors. Prompt diagnosis and management using an established algorithm are critical to minimize serious complications from these neurologic irAEs.