bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropeptide Y Impairs Retrieval of Extinguished Fear and Modulates Excitability of Neurons in the Infralimbic Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Vollmer Lauren L. , Schmeltzer Sarah , Schurdak Jennifer , Ahlbrand Rebecca , Rush Jennifer , Dolgas Charles M. , Baccei Mark L. , Sah Renu 
Published: January 2016

Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36 aa peptide, regulates stress and emotional behaviors. Preclinical and clinical studies support an association of NPY with trauma-evoked syndromes such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), although the exact contribution of NPY is not clear. In the current study, we examined functional attributes of NPY in the infralimbic (IL) cortex, an area that regulates fear memories and is reported to be hypoactive in PTSD. Carriers of NPY gene polymorphism rs16147 have been reported to have elevated prefrontal NPY expression. Infusion of NPY into the IL cortex in rats significantly impaired fear extinction memory without affecting conditioned fear expression or acquisition of extinction. Neuroendocrine stress response, depression-like behavior, and working memory performance were not affected by NPY infusion into the IL. The NPY Y1receptor antagonist BIBO3304 completely abolished NPY effects on fear extinction retrieval. Y1receptor expression was localized on CaMKII-positive pyramidal projection neurons and GAD67-positive interneurons in the IL. Patch-clamp recordings revealed increased inhibitory synaptic transmission onto IL projection neurons in the presence of NPY. Thus, NPY dampens excitability of IL projection neurons and impairs retrieval of extinction memory by inhibiting consolidation of extinction. Of relevance to PTSD, elevation of prefrontal NPY attributable to the genetic polymorphism rs16147 may contribute to IL hypoactivity, resulting in impaired extinction memory and susceptibility to the disorder.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuropeptide Y (NPY), a stress modulatory transmitter, is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Contribution of NPY to PTSD symptomology is unclear. PTSD patients have reduced activity in the infralimbic (IL) subdivision of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), associated with compromised extinction memory. No information exists on fear modulation by NPY in the IL cortex, although NPY and NPY receptors are abundant in these areas. This study shows that IL NPY inhibits consolidation of extinction, resulting in impaired retrieval of extinction memory and modulates excitability of IL projection neurons. In addition to providing a novel perspective on extinction memory modulation by NPY, our findings suggest that elevated mPFC NPY in gene polymorphism rs16147 carriers or after chronic stress could increase susceptibility to PTSD.
Islam Indonesia dan Demokratisasi: Dari Transisi ke Konsolidasi
Authors: Testriono Testriono 
Published: January 2016

Mirjam Kunkler and Alfred Stepan (eds). 2013. Democracy and Islam in Indonesia. New York: Columbia University Press. xv + 252pp.Donald L. Horowitz. 2013. Constitutional Change and Democracy in Indonesia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. xviii + 326pp.The two reviewed books provide explanations for the success of Indonesia’s democratization. Kunkler and Stepan’s (2013) edited volume, Democracy and Islam in Indonesia, emphasizes the political actors (agency) in explaining democratization in Indonesia. Meanwhile, Horowitz’s (2013) Constitutional Change and Democracy in Indonesia focuses on institutions and the strategies of institutional reform chosen by political actors during democratization. Both works provide careful evaluation on the relatively stable development of Indonesian democracy. Examining the social, political, and institutional foundations that facilitate the consolidation of Indonesia’s democracy, the two works analyze why and how the democratic transition in Indonesia proceeded to a consolidation stage. Different form Kunkler and Stepan’s edited volume, which evaluates the state of Indonesian democracy by refererring to the criteria offered by democratic consolidation framework, Horowitz’s work moves farther revealing why the democratic processes have occurred in the sequence and manner that they did.DOI: 10.15408/sdi.v22i3.2411
Stakeholder Views of Clinical Trials in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Joseph Pathma D. , Caldwell Patrina H.Y. , Tong Allison , Hanson Camilla S. , Craig Jonathan C. 
Published: January 2016

CONTEXT:
Clinical trials are necessary to improve the health care of children, but only one-quarter are conducted in the low- to middle-income countries (LMICs) in which 98% of the global burden of disease resides.

OBJECTIVE:
To describe stakeholder beliefs and experiences of conducting trials in children in LMICs.

DATA SOURCES:
Electronic databases were searched to August 2014.

STUDY SELECTION:
Qualitative studies of stakeholder perspectives on conducting clinical trials among children in LMICs.

DATA EXTRACTION:
Findingswere analyzed by using thematic synthesis.

RESULTS:
Thirty-nine studies involving 3110 participants (children [n = 290], parents or caregivers [n = 1609], community representatives [n = 621], clinical or research team members [n = 376], regulators [n = 18], or sponsors [n = 15]) across 22 countries were included. Five themes were identified: centrality of community engagement (mobilizing community, representatives’ pivotal role, managing expectations, and retaining involvement); cognizance of vulnerability and poverty (therapeutic opportunity and medical mistrust); contending with power differentials (exploitation, stigmatization, and disempowerment); translating research to local context (cultural beliefs, impoverishment constraints, and ethical pluralism); and advocating fair distribution of benefits (health care, sponsor obligation, and collateral community benefits).

LIMITATIONS:
Studies not published in English were excluded.

CONCLUSIONS:
Conducting trials in children in LMICs is complex due to social disadvantage, economic scarcity, idiosyncratic cultural beliefs, and historical disempowerment, all of which contribute to inequity, mistrust, and fears of exploitation. Effective community engagement in recruiting, building research capacities, and designing trials that are pragmatic, ethical, and relevant to the health care needs of children in LMICs may help to improve the equity and health outcomes of this vulnerable population.
Pain: the voiceless scream in every haemophilia patient’s life
Authors: Rambod Masoume , Sharif Farkhondeh , Molazem Zahra , Khair Kate 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Pain is a major problem in haemophilia patients’ lives. The perspective of pain in such patients is unique and may be different from other chronic illnesses. This qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological study aims to describe and interpret pain experience of haemophilia patients. Participants were selected from a haemophilia clinic affiliated with Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. Taking the main theme, “pain: the voiceless scream in every moment of haemophilia life”, with two subthemes, “a life full of pain” and “describing complex pain quality”, data was collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews and field notes, and thematic analysis conducted using van Manen’s methodological framework for reflective hermeneutic interpretation. The findings indicated that pain always accompanied the lives of haemophilia patients. Participants experienced acute intense pains, accompanied by bleeding, which were described as “terrible”, “severe”, “intolerable” and “unbelievable”. As joints became damaged over time, participants experienced persistent pain that was “continuous” and “constant”. Participants also coped with ever-present pain in immobile joints, described as “intense”, “annoying” and “intolerable”. This qualitative study shows that pain is present throughout haemophilia patients’ lives and that they experience different kinds of pain, demonstrated through various descriptions. By understanding the experience of pain from the perspective of haemophilia patients, nurses and healthcare workers can provide high-quality care focused on their unique needs.
Lessons from a neonate with unusual bleeding
Authors: Fosbury Emma , Blumber Raoul , Liesner Ri , Sibson Keith 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Healthy, term neonates rarely encounter problems with bleeding, despite physiological differences in their levels of clotting factors, reflected in prolongation of the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT). Their risk of bleeding, however, is significantly increased by the presence of a severe congenital bleeding disorder. Establishing such a diagnosis can present a particular challenge, given the rarity of these conditions and the difficulty in performing and interpreting laboratory assays in this age group. However, a delay in diagnosis and implementation of appropriate treatment can result in catastrophic sequelae. Therefore, the presentation of a healthy child at birth, whose condition rapidly deteriorates as a result of bleeding, should prompt the urgent investigation of a congenital haemostatic defect and involvement of expert haematological advice. We describe a very unusual presentation of a severe bleeding disorder in the first few days of life to highlight these issues.
Auditoria nas parcerias público-privadas: o caso do Tribunal de Contas de Portugal
Authors: Sarmento Joaquim Miranda 
Published: January 2016

<p style="text-align: justify;">Este artigo analisa a experiência de auditoria pública nas parcerias público-privadas em Portugal. Ao longo de mais de 10 anos de auditoria, o Tribunal de Contas de Portugal tem feito sérias reservas quanto à forma de utilização dos dinheiros públicos. Ressaltam-se, sobretudo, duas críticas: por um lado, a gestão pública ineficiente dos contratos, com lacunas, quer na fase de preparação e concurso, quer na fase de monitorização e, por outro lado, o incipiente controle orçamental. Apesar das muitas recomendações que o Tribunal de Contas tem produzido e da implementação, muitas vezes, parcial de algumas dessas recomendações, a experiência portuguesa em matéria de PPP é bastante negativa.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"> </p>
Evaluación del perfil competencial de alumnos universitarios respecto a la educación tecnológica
Authors: Díaz María Dolores , Martín Jaime Juan Jesús 
Published: January 2016

<p>Los docentes deben hacer uso de las nuevas tecnología para poder realizar un trabajo eficaz en la actual sociedad, donde los procesos educativos están basados en una cada vez mayor cantidad de información y conocimientos.</p><p>La formación inicial de estos futuros docentes debe estar impregnada de experiencias enriquecidas con las tic.</p><p>El estudio que se ofrece a continuación pretende conocer y analizar la percepción del alumnado de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Málaga en relación con la adquisición de las competencias profesionales, referentes a las nuevas tecnologías, necesarias para el desempeño laboral de su profesión.</p><p>La investigación es descriptiva y la recogida de información se realiza a través de un cuestionario online realizado y validado previamente para los alumnos de los distintos estudios de grado, licenciaturas y Másteres Oficiales de Postgrado de Ciencias de la Educación.</p>Los datos y resultados obtenidos son relevantes para determinar nuevas estrategias que permitan la adecuación entre las demandas laborales y la formación académico-profesional adquirida durante los estudios universitarios
Stress Re-orientation Analysis in Cupiagua Field
Authors: Alzate G. A. , Naranjo A. , Arbelaez A. , Arias J. A. , Araujo E. F. , Zabala R. D. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Hydraulic fracturing is a well stimulation operation which is done with the purpose to increase the production of oil wells, and due to its associated high costs a preliminary evaluation using computational methods is required. Carrying out a hydraulically fracture in previously fractured wells could represent several benefits if the new fracture propagates towards different direction than the first did, thus the fracture can reach and drainage new regions in the reservoir.
The success of these operations depends on the behavior of the horizontal stresses, because they are the ones that determine the orientation and the geometry of the hydraulic fracture, the fluid production and injection that take place within both operations alter the stress state.
This paper shows the mathematical analysis developed to model the horizontal stress reorientation and the conditioning of a coupled geomechanics-flow numerical simulator to calculate the angle of reorientation, and the results obtained using the data of two wells located in Cupiagua field, Colombia.
Spare Parts Strategy Based on RAM Analysis to Extend the Life of Drilling Supervisory and Control Systems: A Case Study
Authors: Cao Dingzhou , Moralez Nathan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper provides a case study on the application of Reliability, Availablity and Maintainability (RAM) analysis of a control system to determine the required number of spare parts to maintain and extend the life of the existing systems. As components within the Drilling Supervisory and Control System (DSCS) become obsolete or near obsolescence, different approaches are leveraged to retain system availability. Common practice is to replace the entire DSCS, thus eliminating obsolescence. An alternative solution is to employ a spare part strategy based on quantitative analysis for the existing system to prolong its life. This technique can be used to ensure that the control system continues to perform safe, compliant and reliable operations while realizing savings. Based on this study, the upgrade of five DSCS systems (offshore rig) was postponed realizing savings ($12 million) which approximated 95% of the total upgrade cost ($12.7 million). Furthermore, if a gradual upgrade strategy is adopted after 3 years, theoretically the system upgrade and the upgrade cost can be spread over 20 years while maintaining acceptable system availability.
New Approach In Lifting Cement In Highly Depleted And Naturally Fractured Formations
Authors: Diarra R. , Carrasquilla J. , Phelan D. , De Napoli Flensborg R. A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Lost circulation is a continual problem associated while drilling and cementing during well construction. The failure to provide adequate cement coverage over loss zones can result in costly remediation and/or fines from regulatory agencies. Traditional losses prior to, or during, cement operations are addressed by loss circulation material (LCM) laden pills pumped ahead of the cement treatment as sweeps or spacers. The LCM pills are limited in volume to the size of the mixing tank and can be an insufficient volume compared to the thief zones. The high concentration of LCM in the pill results in higher rheology and can be difficult to properly displace up the annulus by the cement treatment due to inverse friction hierarchy between fluids. The solution being presented consists of using the cement slurry as the carrying fluid along with an inert engineered solid package. A fiber added on-the-fly improves the plugging efficiency of the engineered solid package and the ability to tailor the treatment design to the well conditions up until the treatment is pumped.
The results are tangible, with the solution applied successfully in over 300 treatments for multiple operators in the Permian Basin. The Permian Basin is one of the most developed basins in the world with a complex lithology and layered, highly depleted reservoirs. The solution successful performance has been unprecedented in allowing operators to comply with local regulations, avoid remedial work, and extend the life of the completion across corrosive formations. Application of the engineered solid package with fiber is for loss circulation cases in highly depleted zones, permeable formations, and naturally fracture formations for other basins. The progress thus far has been encouraging with additional optimization of the engineered solid package with fiber application could potentially improve the performance further. The final result will be an improved fluid placement and understanding of the effect LCM has on the carrying fluid.
Development of Geopolymer-based Cement Slurries with Enhanced Thickening Time, Compressive and Shear Bond Strength and Durability
Authors: Salehi S.. , Khattak M. J. , Ali N.. , Rizvi H. R. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Previous research on application of geopolymers in oil/gas wells was mainly unsuccessful due to failure to achieve a reasonable thickening time. The study here presents geopolymer slurries that have high compressive and shear bond strength, enhanced thickening time and high durability. Slurries developed in this work show durability when prone to sulphate/chloride or any other acid attack that might be encountered during cementing operations. Class F fly ash geopolymers were used for developing samples with different mix designs in this work. Class H Portland cement was used a controller on all the tests conducted in this work. Tests conducted in this research include Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS), shear bond strength, thickening time and durability tests. Results indicate temperature as crucial factor affecting thickening time of Geopolymer mix slurry. More than four hours thickening time was achieved by optimizing mix design and application of developed mix of superplactisizer and retarder. UCS testing indicates a high compressive strength after one and fourteen days of curing for Geopolymer mixtures. This indicates gaining strength with time for Geopolymer mixture where time retrogression effects are observed for Portland cements. Results also indicate higher shear bond strength for Geopolymer mix which can better tolerate de-bonding issues. Additionally, more ductile material behavior and higher fracture toughness were observed for optimum geopolymer mixes. Final observations confirm applicability of these materials for oil and gas well cementing with circulating temperatures up to 250° F. These mixtures also show very good durability when compared with Portland cement mixtures. Higher durability will facilitate application of these materials for HPHT and corrosive wells where Portland cement shows poor performance.
Based on results from this study, Geopolymer mixtures show potentials for replacing Portland cement if they can be successfully tested in field applications. These materials can be produced cheaper with less environmental impact. The tangible benefits of the new products would be cost saving on well construction materials for operators with achieving long-time wellbore integrity goals and meeting regulators criteria for zonal isolation.
What Causes Depth Errors in Surface-Based Drilling Sensor Systems?
Authors: Lai Stephen W. , Pawson Mark , Wang Julian , Mukanov Nurlan , Wilson Tom , Dansereau Vincent 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Drill string depth is a fundamental measurement performed by surface sensor systems. However, the depth reading on an electronic drilling recorder (EDR) often diverges from the pipe tally and requires periodic adjustment to remain aligned with the pipe tally total. In this paper, we investigate what causes depth errors and quantify the error magnitude in land-based wells. The main results show that the depth adjustment workflow varies significantly from driller-to-driller, and workflow errors are a major contributor to total depth error.
The investigation is performed with two main efforts. First, depth error is characterized by analyzing the corrections made to EDR depth in 29 onshore wells. Scatterplot analysis reveals that errors can be broadly classified into 3 main types: offset errors, accumulation errors, and workflow errors. Workflow errors can be further categorized into 7 subtypes. Statistical analysis of correction data shows that 75% of depth corrections are caused by offset and accumulation errors. However, workflow errors, such as human error and casing error, account for over 50% of depth corrections when measured on a per-footage basis. In the second effort, a user experience study is conducted to understand the depth correction workflow currently used by drillers. Interviews with 24 rig personnel reveal that workflows are not entirely consistent from driller-to-driller. Drillers tend to adopt the depth calibration methodologies taught by their mentors. A more consistent workflow is possible with increased training and a best practice guideline.
Downhole Drilling Dynamics of Innovative Rathole Elimination BHA in Hole-Enlargement-While-Drilling Operations
Authors: Wang Yaou , Fuller Nathan , Saheta Vishal 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Hole enlargement while drilling (HEWD) is now widely used in deepwater applications. It provides reduced-clearance casing programs, improves drilling in swelling formations, and helps equivalent circulating density (ECD) management. HEWD applications commonly use an underreamer in a BHA with a rotary steerable system (RSS). Currently, traditional reamer placement results in a long portion of unenlarged hole—rathole—which requires an extra trip to enlarge. A new BHA design is being sought to eliminate the second trip requirement—the objective is to find a feasible solution.
Placing the reamer closer to the bit would forgo the need for a second trip; however, the placement of a traditional reamer is limited by its design. In response to such limitation, a solution is proposed to design a rathole elimination (RHE) BHA which includes a lower reamer placed between MWD/LWD tools and the RSS. During HEWD, the lower reamer is in passive (off) mode while a traditional reamer is active. Upon reaching TD, the BHA is tripped back to position the lower reamer above the rathole and is then activated to enlarge the rathole. This RHE BHA design thereby eliminates the second trip requirement.
This paper discusses the operational learnings and drilling performance of the proposed RHE BHA design. A field test in Texas is presented and documents the downhole dynamic performance of the single-trip BHA. Drilling dynamics measurement modules (DDMM) were positioned near the reamers to measure the downhole drilling dynamics. This run captured data for traditional HEWD operations and rathole elimination operations. To ensure stable drilling operations, a time-based dynamic simulation perfomed a prerun parametric sensitivity study to help identify the optimal parameters that could deliver high ROP, low vibration, and low stick-slip. A roadmap was made for operational guidelines based on simulation analysis. The test was successfully completed with stable HEWD and RHE operations observed. After completion of the run analysis of the DDMMs, measured downhole dynamic data showed stable downhole drilling dynamics during both HEWD and RHE operations. The RHE operation generated similar levels of vibration and stick-slip at the reamer and MWD/LWD tools compared with the HEWD operation. This field test shows that a single-BHA design can deliver stable drilling dynamics in both HEWD and RHE operations, and demonstrates the capability of the solution in eliminating the second trip requirement.
This single-trip RHE BHA design will not only reduce operational costs, but will also lower HSE risk by enabling less BHA handling on the rig floor.