bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Batch Injection Analysis‐Multiple Pulse Amperometric Fingerprint: A Simple Approach for Fast On‐site Screening of Drugs
Authors: Garcia Cardozo Camila , Melo Cardoso Rafael , Matheus Guimarães Selva Thiago , Evaristo de Carvalho Adriana , Torres Pio dos Santos Wallans , Regis Longo Cesar Paixão Thiago , Amorim Bezerra da Silva Rodrigo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this work, the association of batch injection analysis with multiple pulse amperometric detection (BIA‐MPA) is presented as a new approach to obtain drugs fingerprints. To illustrate the potential of this screening method, tablets containing sildenafil as the active substance were used. Here, a sequence of three potential pulses as a function of time (+1.3, +1.6 and +2.1 V) were applied on a boron‐doped diamond electrode while reproducible injections were performed in a BIA cell (wall jet configuration). The chemical profile of the respective drug combined three ratios among the peak currents obtained in each amperogram: R1=ipa1.6V/ipa1.3V, R2=ipa2.1V/ipa1.6V, R3=ipa2.1V/ipa1.3V. This simple protocol allowed discrimination between Viagra® (reference)/generic and two smuggled tablets, as well as pure Viagra® from Viagra® adulterated with other electroactive compounds (caffeine, dipyrone, paracetamol and tadalafil). For comparison, screening of these samples was also performed using square wave voltammetry combined with a chemometric method (principal component analysis), in which was achieved similar discrimination by one or other strategy for the most of drugs. This new BIA‐MPA fingerprinting combines desirable features in forensic science such as low cost, simplicity, high sample throughput (two drugs discerned in less than 30 s) and portability (screening at the place of the seizure).
A new single‐urea‐bound 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamoylated β‐cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase and its enhanced separation performance in normal‐phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Lin Chun , Fan Jun , Liu Wenna , Chen Xiaodong , Ruan Lijun , Zhang Weiguang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA new single‐urea‐bound chiral stationary phase based on 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamoylated β‐cyclodextrin was prepared through the Staudinger reaction of mono (6A‐azido‐6A‐deoxy)‐per(3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamoylated) β‐cyclodextrin and 3‐aminopropyl silica gel under CO2 atmosphere. The new phase exhibited good enantioseparation performance for 33 analytes using normal‐phase HPLC conditions; 19 of them were baseline separated. Effects of structure of analytes, alcoholic modifiers, and acidic/basic additives on separation performances of this new cyclodextrin chiral stationary phase have been studied in detail. The results showed that the retention and resolution of acidic and basic analytes on the CSP were greatly affected by the additives. Peak symmetry for some analytes could be improved by simultaneously adding acidic and basic additives to the mobile phase. This work expands the potential applications of the cyclodextrin‐based chiral stationary phases in the normal‐phase HPLC.
Potential application of Bacillus subtilis SPB1 biosurfactants in laundry detergent formulations: Compatibility study with detergent ingredients and washing performance
Authors: Bouassida Mouna , Fourati Nada , Ghazala Imen , Ellouze‐Chaabouni Semia , Ghribi Dhouha 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSurfactants play a very important role in laundry and household cleaning products ingredients. In this research, the application of lipopeptide biosurfactants, produced by Bacillus subtilis SPB1, in the formulation of a washing powder was investigated. The SPB1 biosurfactant was mixed with sodium tripolyphosphate as a builder and sodium sulfate as filler. The efficiency of the formulated detergent composition with different washing conditions to remove a stain from cotton fabric was examined. The results showed that the formulated detergent was effective in oil removal, with optimal washing conditions of pH, temperature, striate and time of washing system of 7, 65°C, 1000 RPM and 60 min, respectively. A comparative study of different detergent compositions (biosurfactant‐based detergent, combined biosurfactant‐commercial detergent, and a commercial detergent) for the removal of oil and tea stains, proved that the bio‐scouring was more effective (>75%) in terms of the stain removal than the commercial powders (<60%). Moreover, the results demonstrated that the biosurfactant acts additively with a commercial detergent and enhances their performance from 33 to 45% in removing oil stain and from 57 to 64% in removing tea stain. As a conclusion, in addition to the low toxicity and the high biodegradability of the microbial biosurfactants, the results of this study have shown that the future use of this lipopeptide biosurfactant as laundry detergent additive is highly promising.
Comparative copper sensitivity between life stages of common subantarctic marine invertebrates
Authors: Holan Jessica R. , King Catherine K. , Davis Andrew R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

The development of environmental guidelines in the Antarctic and subantarctic is essential, because expansion of research, tourism, and fishing is placing these regions at increasing risk of contamination. Data are currently insufficient to create the region-specific guidelines needed for the unique conditions in these areas. To develop the most appropriate environmental guidelines, data from the most sensitive life stages of a species should be included to ensure effective protection throughout its life cycle. It is generally accepted that early life stages are more sensitive to contaminants. We compared the toxicity of copper between juvenile and adult life stages of 4 subantarctic marine invertebrates using sublethal and lethal endpoints. For 2 of the species tested, juveniles were more sensitive than adults. (The 7-d median effect concentration [EC50] values for the gastropod Laevilittorina caliginosa were 79 μg/L at the juvenile stage and 125 μg/L at the adult; for the flatworm Obrimoposthia ohlini, values were 190 μg/L at the juvenile stage and 300 μg/L at the adult.) For the isopod Limnoria stephenseni, juveniles were either more sensitive or of equal sensitivity to adults (7-d EC50 values: juvenile 278 μg/L and adult 320 μg/L). In contrast, for the bivalve Gaimardia trapesina, adults appeared to be more sensitive than young adults (7-d EC50 values: juvenile 23 μg/L and adult &lt;10–20 μg/L). Although no consistent trend in the sensitivity of life history stages was observed, the present study contributes important information for the development of water quality guidelines in polar regions. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:807–815. © 2017 SETAC
Abstract
Effect concentrations comparing life stages of subantarctic marine invertebrates.
Environmental variation causes different (co) evolutionary routes to the same adaptive destination across parasite populations
Authors: Auld Stuart K. J. R. , Brand June 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEpidemics are engines for host-parasite coevolution, where parasite adaptation to hosts drives reciprocal adaptation in host populations. A key challenge is to understand whether parasite adaptation and any underlying evolution and coevolution is repeatable across ecologically realistic populations that experience different environmental conditions, or if each population follows a completely unique evolutionary path. We established twenty replicate pond populations comprising an identical suite of genotypes of crustacean host, Daphnia magna, and inoculum of their parasite, Pasteuria ramosa. Using a time-shift experiment, we compared parasite infection traits before and after epidemics and linked patterns of parasite evolution with shifts in host genotype frequencies. Parasite adaptation to the sympatric suite of host genotypes came at a cost of poorer performance on foreign genotypes across populations and environments. However, this consistent pattern of parasite adaptation was driven by different types of frequency-dependent selection that was contingent on an ecologically relevant environmental treatment (whether or not there was physical mixing of water within ponds). In unmixed ponds, large epidemics drove rapid and strong host-parasite coevolution. In mixed ponds, epidemics were smaller and host evolution was driven mainly by the mixing treatment itself; here, host evolution and parasite evolution were clear, but coevolution was absent. Population mixing breaks an otherwise robust coevolutionary cycle. These findings advance our understanding of the repeatability of (co)evolution across noisy, ecologically realistic populations.
Paleoenvironmental reconstruction of an urban archaeological site: The Roman Salt mines of Vigo, northwest Iberia
Authors: Tallón‐Armada Rebeca , Costa‐Casais Manuela , Blanco‐Chao Ramón , Taboada Rodríguez Teresa , Martínez‐Cortizas Antonio 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPedostratigraphy applied to urban archaeological coastal sites, combined with coastal geomorphological and archaeological data, provide important information for interpreting the complexity of coastal urban areas and their environment. This paper applies this methodology in the case of the Roman salt mines of Vigo, northwest Spain, and presents geomorphological and geoarchaeological data (stratigraphy, physicochemical soil properties, mineralogy, radiocarbon dating) for the museum where these remains are located. A 2000 year pedostratigraphic sequence was reconstructed, showing coastal evolution from beach to marshland. This change, along with more favorable climatic conditions related to the Roman Warm Period and dynamics associated with late Holocene rising sea level, created suitable conditions for the establishment of a salt mine. Geoarchaeological work is essential in archaeological excavations of modern urban areas, as demonstrated at Vigo where the study of pedostratigraphy provides crucial information on past environmental changes and human activities. Pedostratigraphic records and archaeological remains should be considered part of the geological and cultural heritage of urban areas.
Shengli Oilfield, China as a natural analogue of CO2 storage: Diagenetic fluid evolution mode and potentials for carbon sequestration
Authors: Li Fulai , Li Wenshuai 
Published: October 2017

The Shengli Oilfield is discussed to investigate CO2 trapping mechanisms involved in geothermal oil reservoir systems. Diagenetic fluid evolution of the dawsonite‐bearing sandstones from the Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China, was studied to understand the CO2 migration and accumulation and the formation of dawsonite, as a possible mechanism for mineral trapping of CO2 in geothermal fields. Information about the petrology, dawsonite‐forming fluid, authigenic mineral associations, and diagenetic fluid evolution mode was analysed using techniques including thin‐section identification, scanning electron microscope observation, X‐ray diffraction analysis, X‐ray fluorescence spectrum analysis, hydrochemistry, and stable isotope analyses. The paragenetic sequence, from early to late, is early calcite (A)–compaction–dissolution–quartz overgrowth–late calcite (B1)–ferrocalcite (A)–dawsonite–late calcite (B2)–ferrocalcite (B)–ankerite–siderite or pyrite. The current in situ formation water type of the dawsonite‐bearing sandstone strata is NaHCO3, with the typical characteristics of weak alkaline, high mineralization, and high Na+ + K+ and HCO3− content. The formation fluid from which the dawsonite forms is mainly sealed underground brine, which has been affected by atmospheric precipitation and magmatic activity, and is thus mixed with surface meteoric water and subsurface hydrothermal fluid. The fluid evolution process sequence is alkaline fluid environment prior to CO2 influx, an early micritic or sparry calcite (A) association; acidic fluid environment after CO2 influx, a quartz overgrowth and kaolinite association; alkalescent fluid environment, an association of late calcite (B1), ferrocalcite (A), and illite; alkaline fluid environment, a dawsonite and late calcite (B2) association; and weak‐alkaline fluid environment, an association of ferrocalcite (B), ankerite, siderite, and pyrite.
Advantageous source–reservoir combination in siliciclastic–carbonate sedimentary systems in a saline lacustrine basin (Jiuquan Basin, NW China): Implications for prediction of tight oil enrichment
Authors: Guo Yingchun , Song Yan , Zhang Kaixun 
Published: October 2017

Unconventional tight oil reservoirs have recently emerged as a significant source of oil worldwide, and juxtaposed to organic‐rich source rocks, tight mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sedimentary reservoirs are widely found. In China, such reservoirs are mainly found in saline lacustrine basins. In this paper, we conduct a systematic study on advantageous source–reservoir combinations (SRCs) in the Cretaceous Xiagou Formation in the Qingxi Sag of the Jiuquan Basin, a tight saline lacustrine and mixed siliciclastic–carbonate sedimentary oil reservoir. Mixed sediments result in multiple SRCs as follows: self‐contained SRC, thick interbedded‐type SRC, thin interbedded‐type SRC, and down generated‐up stored SRC. Geochemical characteristics of organic matter in the Cretaceous Xiagou Formation are established on the basis of Rock‐Eval pyrolysis and total organic carbon (TOC) and vitrinite reflectance analyses. TOC (0.5–4.12%, av. 1.62%) and S2 (0.36–26.63 mg/g, av. 5.62 mg/g) indicate a good hydrocarbon generative potential. The organic matters contain predominantly Type II kerogen with minor contributions from Type I kerogen. The samples analysed have vitrinite reflectance in the range of 0.65–1.0%Ro, and pyrolysis Tmax in the range of 430–450 °C indicate that the source rocks are early mature to mature and within the main stage of oil generation. The tight oil resources are divided into 4 classifications according to TOC versus S1 diagram, and dolomitic mudstone in lower K1g3 and K1g1 is primarily considered to be potentially generative and productive. Reservoir characterization such as porosity, permeability, and pore‐size distribution derived from nuclear magnetic resonance indicates that nano‐meter‐sized pores dominate pore size distribution, regardless of the lithology. Fractures contribute to the creation of relatively higher productivity reservoirs. The statistics of oil testing results shows that the daily oil productions increased basically from the down generated‐up stored SRCs to thin interbedded‐type SRCs to thick interbedded‐type SRCs to self‐contained SRCs. The movable oil saturations derived from nuclear magnetic resonance have the same changes as daily oil production. The self‐contained SRCs and the thick interbedded‐type SRCs are identified as advantageous SRCs that are important for tight oil prediction.
Epilepsy and astrocyte energy metabolism
Authors: Boison Detlev , Steinhäuser Christian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEpilepsy is a complex neurological syndrome characterized by neuronal hyperexcitability and sudden, synchronized electrical discharges that can manifest as seizures. It is now increasingly recognized that impaired astrocyte function and energy homeostasis play key roles in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. Excessive neuronal discharges can only happen, if adequate energy sources are made available to neurons. Conversely, energy depletion during seizures is an endogenous mechanism of seizure termination. Astrocytes control neuronal energy homeostasis through neurometabolic coupling. In this review, we will discuss how astrocyte dysfunction in epilepsy leads to distortion of key metabolic and biochemical mechanisms. Dysfunctional glutamate metabolism in astrocytes can directly contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability. Closure of astrocyte intercellular gap junction coupling as observed early during epileptogenesis limits activity‐dependent trafficking of energy metabolites, but also impairs clearance of the extracellular space from accumulation of K+ and glutamate. Dysfunctional astrocytes also increase the metabolism of adenosine, a metabolic product of ATP degradation that broadly inhibits energy‐consuming processes as an evolutionary adaptation to conserve energy. Due to the critical role of astroglial energy homeostasis in the control of neuronal excitability, metabolic therapeutic approaches that prevent the utilization of glucose might represent a potent antiepileptic strategy. In particular, high fat low carbohydrate “ketogenic diets” as well as inhibitors of glycolysis and lactate metabolism are of growing interest for the therapy of epilepsy.
Disrespect and abuse during childbirth in fourteen hospitals in nine cities of Peru
Authors: Montesinos‐Segura Reneé , Urrunaga‐Pastor Diego , Mendoza‐Chuctaya Giuston , Taype‐Rondan Alvaro , Helguero‐Santin Luis M. , Martinez‐Ninanqui Franklin W. , Centeno Dercy L. , Jiménez‐Meza Yanina , Taminche‐Canayo Ruth C. , Paucar‐Tito Liz , Villamonte‐Calanche Wilfredo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the prevalence of disrespect and abuse during childbirth and its associated factors in Peru.MethodsIn an observational cross‐sectional study, women were surveyed within 48 hours of live delivery at 14 hospitals located in nine Peruvian cities between April and July 2016. The survey was based on seven categories of disrespect and abuse proposed by Bowser and Hill. To evaluate factors associated with each category, prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using adjusted Poisson models with robust variances.ResultsAmong 1528 participants, 1488 (97.4%) had experienced at least one category of disrespect and abuse. Frequency of abandonment of care was increased with cesarean delivery (PR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03–1.57) but decreased in the jungle region (PR 0.27, 0.14–0.53). Discrimination was associated with the jungle region (PR 5.67, 2.32–13.88). Physical abuse was less frequent with cesarean than vaginal delivery (PR 0.23, 0.11–0.49). The prevalences of abandonment of care (PR 0.42, 0.29–0.60), non‐consented care (PR 0.70, 0.57–0.85), discrimination (PR 0.40, 0.19–0.85), and non‐confidential care (PR 0.71, 0.55–0.93) were decreased among women who had been referred.ConclusionNearly all participants reported having experienced at least one category of disrespect and abuse during childbirth care, which was associated with type of delivery, being referred, and geographic region.
Subchondral Trabecular Rod Loss and Plate Thickening in the Development of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Chen Yan , Hu Yizhong , Yu Y Eric , Zhang Xingjian , Watts Tezita , Zhou Bin , Wang Ji , Wang Ting , Zhao Weiwei , Chiu Kwong Yuen , Leung Frankie KL , Cao Xu , Macaulay William , Nishiyama Kyle K , Shane Elizabeth , Lu William W , Guo X Edward 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Developing effective treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent and disabling disease, has remained a challenge, primarily because of limited understanding of its pathogenesis and late diagnosis. In the subchondral bone, rapid bone loss after traumatic injuries and bone sclerosis at the advanced stage of OA are well-recognized hallmarks of the disease. Recent studies have further demonstrated the crucial contribution of subchondral bone in the development of OA. However, the microstructural basis of these bone changes has not been examined thoroughly, and the paradox of how abnormal resorption can eventually lead to bone sclerosis remains unanswered. By applying a novel microstructural analysis technique, individual trabecula segmentation (ITS), to micro-computed tomography (μCT) images of human OA knees, we have identified a drastic loss of rod-like trabeculae and thickening of plate-like trabeculae that persisted in all regions of the tibial plateau, underneath both severely damaged and still intact cartilage. The simultaneous reduction in trabecular rods and thickening of trabecular plates provide important insights to the dynamic and paradoxical subchondral bone changes observed in OA. Furthermore, using an established guinea pig model of spontaneous OA, we discovered similar trabecular rod loss and plate thickening that preceded cartilage degradation. Thus, our study suggests that rod-and-plate microstructural changes in the subchondral trabecular bone may play an important role in the development of OA and that advanced microstructural analysis techniques such as ITS are necessary in detecting these early but subtle changes. With emerging high-resolution skeletal imaging modalities such as the high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT), trabecular rod loss identified by ITS could potentially be used as a marker in assessing the progression of OA in future longitudinal studies or clinical diagnosis. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Low Bone Mass Among Puerto Rican Older Adults
Authors: Noel Sabrina E , Mangano Kelsey M , Griffith John L , Wright Nicole C , Dawson-Hughes Bess , Tucker Katherine L 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Historically, osteoporosis has not been considered a public health priority for the Hispanic population. However, recent data indicate that Mexican Americans are at increased risk for this chronic condition. Although it is well established that there is heterogeneity in social, lifestyle, and health-related factors among Hispanic subgroups, there are currently few studies on bone health among Hispanic subgroups other than Mexican Americans. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass (LBM) among 953 Puerto Rican adults, aged 47 to 79 years and living on the US mainland, using data from one of the largest cohorts on bone health in this population: The Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study (BPROS). Participants completed an interview to assess demographic and lifestyle characteristics and bone mineral density measures. To facilitate comparisons with national data, we calculated age-adjusted estimates for osteoporosis and LBM for Mexican American, non-Hispanic white, and non-Hispanic black adults, aged ≥50 years, from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The overall prevalence of osteoporosis and LBM were 10.5% and 43.3% for participants in the BPROS, respectively. For men, the highest prevalence of osteoporosis was among those aged 50 to 59 years (11%) and lowest for men ≥70 years (3.7%). The age-adjusted prevalence of osteoporosis for Puerto Rican men was 8.6%, compared with 2.3% for non-Hispanic white, and 3.9% for Mexican American men. There were no statistically significant differences between age-adjusted estimates for Puerto Rican women (10.7%), non-Hispanic white women (10.1%), or Mexican American women (16%). There is a need to understand specific factors contributing to osteoporosis in Puerto Rican adults, particularly younger men. This will provide important information to guide the development of culturally and linguistically tailored interventions to improve bone health in this understudied and high-risk population. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Let's not talk about sex
Authors: Love Melanie , Farber Barry A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article uses both a case illustration and data from a large‐scale survey of outpatient clients (N = 798) to understand the client's perspective about avoiding or being dishonest with his or her therapist about sexual topics. The case study, of a gay young man working with a heterosexual female therapist, explores this client's experience of what happens when it feels impossible to be forthcoming about sex and sexuality. Based on the findings of our study, we note clients’ motives for avoiding these intimate yet important areas (e.g., shame), their perception of how this impacts the therapy process (e.g., impedes clinical progress), and their sense of therapist responses and attitudes that could increase their ability to be more honest (“just ask”). We discuss ways in which therapists can facilitate a more open dialogue about sexual material while attending to clients’ concerns about doing so.