bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Symptomatic Treatment of Heartburn and Dyspepsia with Liquid Gaviscon®: A Multicentre General Practitioner Study
Authors: Williams D L , Haigh G G , Redfern J N 
Published: January 2017

In a multicentre open study. Liquid Gaviscon was shown to give effective relief of heartburn and dyspepsia in over 82% of patients. Symptomatic relief was obtained during the day and at night-time and the treatment was as effective whether the patients had a short (0–4 weeks) or long (more than 1 year) history of problems.
Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation in Man by Indobufen (K 3920)
Authors: Vittoria A , Pasini F Laghi , Messa G L , Di Perri T , Corvi G , Fuccella LM 
Published: January 2017

A complete crossover trial was undertaken in six healthy volunteers to gain information on dose-effect responses to indobufen by assessing the intensity and duration of the effect of 3 single oral doses of the drug on platelet aggregation induced by threshold concentration of ADP and by 3 added doses of collagen. The results of the study confirm that the activity is dose-related and is reversible since 24 hours after administration it has practically disappeared. The effect of the same dose of indobufen differed significantly according to the amount of collagen added to plasma, whereas increasing doses of indobufen provoked a significantly more marked effect when the amount of inducer employed was the same.
Mathematical Models of Diuresis after Oral Administration of Tizolemide, Furosemide and Placebo to Healthy Adults
Authors: Reyes A J , Cardiol CE , Biomat CP , Leary W P , Venter C P 
Published: January 2017

Urine volumes and flows as functions of time after oral administration of placebo, furosemide 80 mg and tizolemide 100 mg to sixteen healthy male adults at 08.00 a.m. are described through mathematical models. Accumulated urine volumes after dosing, V, as functions of time, t, are accounted for by sigmoid functions and urine flows are described as dV/dt. No significant differences were found between the 24-hour urine volume mean values after furosemide (2457 ml) and tizolemide (2283 ml) and both were significantly higher than the corresponding mean value after placebo (1369 ml) (p < 0.001). Peak diuresis after dosing occurs about 1.5 hours for furosemide, 4 hours for tizolemide and 6 hours for placebo. Fourteen hours after dosing, urine volume amounts to 90% of the 24-hour urine volume after furosemide and to 76% after tizolemide, so that both substances may be regarded as diurnal diuretics.
A Comparison of a 3-Day Course of Mictral with a 7-Day Course of Ampicillin in the Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection
Authors: Winwick J G , Savage S J 
Published: January 2017

This general practice study compared a 3-day course of a new preparation, Mictral, with a standard 7-day course of ampicillin in the treatment of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. Mictral achieved bacteriological cure in all infected patients by Day 4 while only 69% of infected patients in the ampicillin group were abacteriuric by Day 8. Symptomatic relief and the incidence of side-effects were similar for both groups. It is concluded that Mictral appears to be a useful addition to currently available therapy for urinary tract infection and merits further investigation.
The Use of Meptazinol as a Premedication for Surgical Patients
Authors: Broadley J , Wilson T , Robson P 
Published: January 2017

The acceptability of a mixture of meptazinol and hyoscine as a surgical premedication was compared with that of an Omnopon-hyoscine combination in a randomized, double-blind trial involving 101 surgical patients. Blood pressure and respiratory rate were significantly reduced to a similar extent by both premedicant combinations, and this may be interpreted as evidence of a satisfactory alleviation of anxiety by both test mixtures. The two mixtures produced a similar degree of sedation, and both were associated with a useful inhibition of salivary secretion. Side-effects were reported in 25% patients in the meptazinol group, and in 28% of those receiving Omnopon, although a number of these effects may be attributable to hyoscine. There was no difference in the pattern of post-operative analgesic requirements between the two groups, and no unfavourable interaction was noted with any of the anaesthetic agents used.
The Prophylactic Treatment of Bronchial Asthma in Children with Ketotifen: A Double-Blind Comparison with Placebo
Authors: Spičak V 
Published: January 2017

Report on a double-blind parallel group comparison of ketotifen and placebo in two groups of twenty-five children with extrinsic bronchial asthma. Duration of treatment: 12 weeks, dosage adapted to body-weight, 0·5–1 mg b.i.d. Main parameters: Overall assessment of efficacy by the treating physician, total duration and frequency of asthmatic episodes per observation period. In all parameters ketotifen was far superior to placebo in spite of decreased concomitant bronchodilator therapy. The tolerance and acceptability of the compound was good.
A Comparison of the Efficacy and Tolerability of Clobazam and Chlordiazepoxide in the Treatment of Acute Withdrawal from Alcohol in Patients with Primary Alcoholism
Authors: Mukherjee P K 
Published: January 2017

Forty patients with primary chronic alcoholism took part in a randomized, double-blind, comparative group study of clobazam and chlordiazepoxide in the treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal. Assessments were carried out during an initial in-patient week followed by a week of out-patient assessments. Both benzodiazepines were shown to be highly effective when compared with baseline measurements. However, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale showed clobazam to be more effective than chlordiazepoxide at both 7 days (p = 0·03) and 14 days (p<0·05). The clobazam group showed significant improvements compared with baseline for all four factors of the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire, whereas the chlordiazepoxide group showed a significant improvement in only one factor. At the end of the in-patient week, clobazam showed a significant improvement (p < 0·01) compared to chlordiazepoxide for the Linear Analogue Rating Scale of anxiety/tension. The 1,5 benzodiazepine clobazam has been shown to be a valuable addition to currently available regimens when used alone in the treatment of acute alcohol withdrawal, especially during the initial period where anxiety and insomnia related symptoms are at their peak.
Effects of Intravenous High Doses of Ketoprofen on Blood Clotting, Bleeding Time and Platelet Aggregation in Man
Authors: Gandini R , Cunietti E , Pappalepore V , Ferrari M , Deleo B , Locatelli E , Fasoli A , Liverta C 
Published: January 2017

The effect of ketoprofen (Orudis, Farmitalia) on ADP, epinephrine (EPI) and collagen (COLL) induced platelet aggregation (PIA), simplate bleeding time (SBT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and per cent prothrombin activity (PrA) was studied in eleven patients, four males and seven females (median age 59 years) with rheumatoid arthritis (six cases), cancer (four cases) and osteoarthrosis (one case). Tests were performed before and 1, 8 and 24 hours after a single intravenous dose (600 mg) of ketoprofen and on Days 4 and 8 during a 7-day treatment (200 mg i.v. every 8 hours) and 1 day after withdrawal of the drug. PTT and PrA were not affected by the drug. Bleeding time was not significantly modified by the acute treatment, but was prolonged during the subacute course, though it was not different from baseline values at the end of the trial. Significant reduction of platelet aggregation was seen in both acute and subacute conditions with complete or almost complete recovery 36 hours after the last dose. It is concluded that ketoprofen affects platelets with readily reversible inhibition of in vitro aggregation and a slight increase of bleeding time.
A Double-Blind Multicentre Study of Piretanide and Hydrochlorothiazide in Patients with Essential Hypertension
Authors: Buckert C , Muhlhausler W , Fratzer U , Verho M 
Published: January 2017

In a randomized double-blind parallel group study conducted in three centres the hypotensive activity of piretanide 6 mg b.i.d. was compared with that of hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) 25 mg b.i.d. and HCT 50 mg b.i.d. Ninety-three patients entered the study and sixty-one completed a 16–week trial period. All three treatments produced a significant reduction in supine diastolic and systolic blood pressure after only 2 weeks of active treatment and this was maintained for the duration of the study. The mean maximal reduction in supine diastolic blood pressure was 18% in the piretanide group, 18·8% in the HCT 25 mg b.i.d. group, and 20% in the HCT 50 mg b.i.d. group. The corresponding figures for the percentage of patients attaining a supine diastolic pressure below 95 mm Hg were 83%, 62% and 89%. There were no significant differences between the three groups. Side-effects were generally mild and transient, except for polyuria which was noted in all three groups but more commonly in the piretanide group. Two patients were withdrawn because of side-effects: one patient in the high dose HCT group developed severe postural symptoms; and one patient in the low dose HCT group was withdrawn because of restlessness, nausea, weakness, dizziness and somnolence. All three treatments caused a significant increase in serum uric acid concentrations. Four patients in each of the HCT groups developed hypokalemia, but no patients in the piretanide group did so.
Nimesulide in the Treatment of Fever: A Double-Blind, Crossover Clinical Trial
Authors: Reiner Michele , Massera Edy , Magni Enrico 
Published: January 2017

A double-blind, crossover clinical trial was carried out in subjects with fever, to assess the activity of three antipyretic drugs. Eighteen in-patients with body temperature (axillary) above 38°C were given a single dose of nimesulide 100 mg, acetylsalicylic acid 500 mg, and dipyrone 500 mg, orally according to an incomplete balanced block design. Significant improvement was recorded with nimesulide and dipyrone, which gave similar results. Acetylsalicylic acid normalized body temperature in a few patients. Safety was very satisfactory. No local or systemic side-effects were noted.
Colloidal Silicic Acid for Oral and Topical Treatment of Aged Skin, Fragile Hair and Brittle Nails in Females
Authors: Lassus A 
Published: January 2017

In an open study, women with biologically aged skin and fragile or thin hair, or brittle nails were treated orally with 10 ml colloidal silicic acid (Silicol®) once daily for 90 days and applied colloidal silicic acid to the face for 10 min twice daily. Of the 50 subjects treated, three withdrew from treatment after 30 days because of excessive drying of the facial skin due to topical application. In the remaining 47 subjects there was statistically significant improvement in the thickness and turgor of the skin, wrinkles and condition of the hair and nails. The number of mottles also declined, but the change was not statistically significant. Ultrasound measurements did not detect any statistically significant change in the thickness of the epidermis or elasticity of the skin, but there was a significant increase in the thickness of the dermis. Im Rahmen eines offenen Studiums wurden Frauen mit biologisch gealteter Haut und brüchigem oder dünnem Haar oder brüchigen Nägeln über eine Spanne von 90 Tagen täglich einmal 10 ml kolloidale Kieselsäure (Silicol®) oral verabreicht. Die Frauen trugen zudem zweimal täglich kolloidale Kieselsäure auf das Gesicht auf. Von den 50 Behandelten brachen drei die Behandlung aufgrund eines übermäßigen Austrocknens der Gesichtshaut durch äusserliche Änwendung nach dreißig Tagen ab. Bei den restlichen 47 Behandelten wurde eine statistisch wesentliche Verbesserung der Dicke und des Turgors der Haut, der Falten und der Beschaffenheit von Haar und Nägeln verzeichnet. Auch die Anzahl der Hautflecken nahm ab, aber die Änderung war statistisch unbedeutend. Ultraschallmessungen ergaben keine statistisch bedeutende Änderung der Dicke der Epidermis oder der Elastizität der Haut, die Dicke der Dermis hatte aber wesentlich zugenommen.
Sexually Transmitted Infections and Use of Sexual Health Services among Young Australian Women: Women's Health Australia Study
Authors: Schofield Margot J , Minichiello Victor , Mishra Gita D , Plummer David , Savage Jan 
Published: January 2017

Our objective was to examine associations between self-reported sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and sociodemographic, lifestyle, health status, health service use and quality of life factors among young Australian women; and their use of family planning and sexual health clinics and associations with health, demographic and psychosocial factors. The study sample comprised 14,762 women aged 18–23 years who participated in the mailed baseline survey for the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, conducted in 1996. The main outcome measures are self report of ever being diagnosed by a doctor with an STI, including chlamydia, genital herpes, genital warts or other STIs, and use of family planning and sexual health clinics. The self-reported incidence of STI was 1.7% for chlamydia, 1.1% genital herpes, 3.1% genital warts, and 2.1% other STIs. There was a large number of demographic, health behaviour, psychosocial and health service use factors significantly and independently associated with reports of having had each STI. Factors independently associated with use of family planning clinic included unemployment, current smoking, having had a Pap smear less than 2 years ago, not having ancillary health insurance, having consulted a hospital doctor and having higher stress and life events score. Factors independently associated with use of a sexual health clinic included younger age, lower occupation status, being a current or ex-smoker, being a binge drinker, having had a Pap smear, having consulted a hospital doctor, having poorer mental health and having higher life events score. This study reports interesting correlates of having an STI among young Australian women aged 18–23. The longitudinal nature of this study provides the opportunity to explore the long-term health and gynaecological outcomes of having STIs during young adulthood.
HIV Infection in Sexually Transmissible Disease Practice in Sydney: The Effects of Legislation, Public Education and Changing Clinical Spectrum
Authors: Donovan Basil , Finlayson Robert J , Mutimer Kieran , Price Ross , Robertson Mark , Nelson Megan , Slade Margaret , Reece Ian , Nogare Joanne dalle 
Published: January 2017

The experience with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of a private inner-city sexually transmissible diseases (STD) clinic in Sydney was quantified. Between February 1984 and March 1988, 2073 of the Clinic's patients were tested for antibodies to HIV on 5095 occasions. Of those tested, 538 (26%) were positive for antibodies to HIV: 532 (98.9%) of the seropositives had practised male homosexual intercourse. This is the highest reported seroprevalence of HIV for any primary care service in Australia. Those individuals seropositive because of other risk behaviours were detected by voluntary contact tracing rather than by screening. Female prostitution was not found to be a risk factor for HIV. In general, rates of first HIV antibody tests were adversely affected by threatening legislation, and temporarily stimulated (among lower-risk persons) by a national television campaign. These data suggest that much of the counselling, detection and management of HIV infection in Australia is occurring in private practice, and that STD services (private and public) are at the forefront of the HIV epidemic. This has implications for disease surveillance and control, health services planning and medical education.
Inpatient Health Care Utilization for Patients With HIV and AIDS in the Edinburgh City Hospital
Authors: Brettle R P , Willcocks L , Cowan F M , Richardson A M 
Published: January 2017

A retrospective analysis of HIV-positive patients admitted to the City Hospital, Edinburgh by 31st December 1992, 7 years after the inception of the HIV clinic, revealed that 373 patients, 72% of them injection drug users (IDUs), had required 2069 admissions (5.5/admitted patient, 3.3/clinic patient or 0.5/clinic patient/year) and had utilized 21934 bed days (59 bed days/admitted patient, 35 days/clinic patient or 5 bed days/clinic patient/year). The average length of stay (ALOS) was significantly longer for AIDS than HIV (non-AIDS) admissions (14.0 vs 9.5, P < 0.0001) as it was for admissions with a CD200 diagnosis (a CD4 count below 200 cells per mm3 on two consecutive occasions) compared to those without (12.1 vs 10.0 days, P = 0.004). There was no gender effect on ALOS but there was a significant effect of risk activity; homo/bisexuals had a significantly longer ALOS than drug users ( P < 0.0001). Homo/bisexual patients with AIDS or a CD200 diagnosis had longer ALOS than drug users (15.7 vs 13 days and 15.8 vs 10.8). By 1992 each member of the clinic was on average utilizing one admission per year and 11.6 bed days per year. The number of admissions in that year for patients without a CD200 or AIDS diagnosis was however low (0.5 and 0.75 admissions/patient/year) compared to patients with an AIDS or CD200 diagnosis (2.6 and 1.6 admissions/patient/year). The annual number of occupied bed days/living patient was greatest for those with AIDS (60 vs 5 days) or with a CD200 diagnosis (23.5 vs 4.1 days). Females with AIDS used more annual bed days than males (64.2 vs 52.7 days) but not if analysed by CD200 diagnosis (22.0 vs 24.1). As far as risk activity was concerned drug users used more bed days per year than homo/bisexuals with AIDS (60 vs 52 days) or without AIDS (5.4 vs 4.4 days). However homo/bisexuals used more bed days than drug users with a CD200 diagnosis (39.8 vs 20.4 days) or without (7.0 vs 4.2 days) a CD200 diagnosis. Thus in Edinburgh, both clinical and immunological staging, were predictive of resource utilization. Gender, however, was not predictive and the effect of risk activity was complex possibly because of differing socio-economic status. The extra hospital resources for drug use related HIV appears to be in the form of more frequent admissions at all stages of HIV disease rather than in an increased ALOS per admission.
Self Sampling as Part of Screening for Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Clinic Attenders. A Preliminary Study
Authors: Markos A R , Wade A A H , Walzman M , Shahmanesh M 
Published: January 2017

Self sampling of the secretions of the female genital tract for microbiological investigations for Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Trichomonas vaginalis was assessed in female attenders of the genitourinary medicine clinic in Coventry and Warwickshire Hospital. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possibility of offering this method of investigation to workers in the sex industry, who are reluctant to attend GUM Clinics. This Pilot Study aimed at assessing the feasibility and acceptability of self sampling of the secretions of the lower genital tract by female patients and its reliability in the detection of sexually transmitted infections. The analysis of the data from 75 participants, indicated that 7 infections were detected on patient sampling as compared to 11 on samples taken by a physician. Self sampling may prove a valuable alternative for the sex industry workers who are reluctant to attend GUM clinics.
Preventing Pelvic Infection after Abortion
Authors: Stevenson M M , Radcliffe K W 
Published: January 2017

Summary: Pelvic infection is the commonest complication of legal abortion. The presence of lower genital tract infections increases the risk of complications, and women requesting abortion are at significant risk of harbouring sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Prophylactic antibiotic treatment can decrease the rate of post-abortal sepsis, but the optimum regime is unclear. In particular, patients with Chlamydia trachomatis infection, and bacterial vaginosis would appear to be at increased risk, and detection and treatment of these conditions can lower this risk. The opportunity to screen and treat for STD presents itself in this setting, allowing patients and their sexual contacts to benefit, with a decrease in the infected pool in the community.
Intralesional Interferon for the Treatment of Recalcitrant Molluscum Contagiosum in HIV Antibody Positive Individuals—A Preliminary Report
Authors: Nelson Mark R , Chard Susan , Barton Simon E 
Published: January 2017

Summary: Molluscum contagiosum is common in HIV disease and available therapies have a poor success rate and require frequent clinic visits. Interferon α has been used to treat recalcitrant condylomata acuminata and this study was undertaken to assess the use of this treatment in unresponsive molluscum contagiosum. A total of 30 molluscum contagiosum were injected with one megaunit of interferon α weekly for 4 weeks; 11 molluscum contagiosum completely cleared and 18 reduced in size by over 50%. Molluscum less than 0.5 cm in diameter, and those in patients without AIDS were more likely to respond. No surrounding lesions changed in size.
Power Stations as Chemical Plants — Could Power Become the Byproduct?
Authors: Mahi P. 
Published: January 2017

The need of power stations to act as integrated chemical plants is a new departure for the electricity supply industry. The need to control pollutants from power generation plants while at the same time utilising waste products to generate income from the sale of valuable by products is a potential prospect. The technology already exists at commercial scale to treat high sulphur fuels in conventional power stations or coal gasification plants to produce elemental sulphur, sulphuric acid or gypsum as saleable products. Future prospects may involve the utilisation of carbon dioxide either as received gas or its conversion to useful compounds. The coal ashes also provide a potential feed material to recover aluminium oxide and supply the existing smelters with an indigenous raw material. In this paper, an attempt is made to examine the potential of power stations to become chemical plants; to identify both the nature and quantities of the chemicals which could be produced and to assess whether the chemical industry is able to absorb these products and provide a firm market base.
Metabolic capacities in cultured human hepatocytes obtained by a new isolating procedure from non-wedge small liver biopsies
Authors: David Pascale , Viollon Catherine , Alexandre Eliane , Azimzadeh Agnés , Nicod Laurence , Wolf Philippe , Jaeck Daniel , Boudjema Karim , Richert Lysiane 
Published: January 2017

A new isolating procedure of human hepatocytes has been developed using two-step collagenase digestion by a nonperfusion procedure (NP) of non-wedge liver biopsies. 1. A yield of 2 - 76106 hepatocytes/g liver, 52 - 95% viability and 13 - 75% attachment were obtained from liver biopsies weighing 6 - 60 g, comparable to that obtained when using the classical perfusion procedure (P) to isolate human hepatocytes from wedge liver samples of 50 - 150 g. 2. In culture, human hepatocytes obtained by NP remained attached to plastic for up to 5 days and displayed the usual morphological characteristics. Their metabolic capacities, assessed by liver-specific albumin and urea synthesis and by CYP-dependent and conjugation pathways, were equivalent to those of human hepatocytes obtained by P. In addition, they responded adequately to specific CYP inducers, demonstrating that they constitute a model in which human drug metabolism and toxicity studies can be performed.