bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cost‐effectiveness of oral health interventions: A systematic review of cost‐utility analyses
Authors: Hettiarachchi Ruvini M. , Kularatna Sanjeewa , Downes Martin J. , Byrnes Joshua , Kroon Jeroen , Lalloo Ratilal , Johnson Newell W. , Scuffham Paul A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo assess the usage of cost‐utility analysis (CUA) in oral health interventions and to evaluate the methods used and the reporting quality ofCUAin publications on oral health interventions.MethodsA systematic review was performed on literature published between 2000 and 2016 where cost‐utility analyses of oral health interventions were included. The reporting quality of these oral healthCUAs was assessed against the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) checklist.ResultsOf the 6637 publications identified initially, 23 met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 14 (61%) had been published in the last 6 years. Included studies were on oral cancer (n = 6), provision of dental prosthesis (n = 6), dental caries (n = 4), periodontal diseases (n = 3), antibiotic prophylaxis (n = 2), dento‐facial anomalies (n = 1) and dental service provision (n = 1). Twenty‐one studies were able to identify the most cost‐effective intervention among the different options compared. Of the 23 studies identified, 15 (65%) used quality‐adjusted life years (QALY) as the outcome measure, and 18 (78%) reported an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio. The economic perspective was clearly stated in 13 articles (57%). Twenty studies (87%) reported the discount rate, and 22 (96%) undertook sensitivity analysis. The reporting quality of studies, appraised by theCHEERSchecklist, varied from 75% to 100% (median 92%).ConclusionThe use ofCUAs in evaluation of oral health interventions has been increasing recently, especially from 2011 to 2016. The majority ofCUAarticles were of good reporting quality as assessed by theCHEERSchecklist and were able to provide conclusions regarding the most cost‐effective intervention among the different options compared: this will assist in healthcare decision‐making and resource allocation. These positive outcomes of our study encourage wider use ofCUAs within the dental and oral health professions.
MMP‐2 and Notch signal pathway regulate migration of adipose‐derived stem cells and chondrocytes in co‐culture systems
Authors: Zhang Qi , Deng Shuwen , Sun Ke , Lin Shiyu , Lin Yunfeng , Zhu Bofeng , Cai Xiaoxiao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe crosstalk between chondrocytes and adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) could regulate the secretion of multiple growth factors. However, it is not clear how the paracrine action in co‐culture systems affect cell migration. This study focused on the changes of cell migration of ADSCs and chondrocytes in co‐culture conditions.Materials and methodsPrimary ADSCs and chondrocytes were isolated from Sprague‐Dawley rat. Transwell co‐culture systems, inoculated with ADSCs and chondrocytes, were established in vitro. The morphology of the cells was observed 7 days post‐seeding by inverted phase‐contrast microscope. Additionally, the cytoskeleton changes were investigated by immunofluorescence staining. To detect the abundance of Vinculin, we used immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Additionally, the expression level of MMP‐2, Hey1 and Hes1 was examined to determine the mechanisms of co‐culture‐induced cell migration changes.ResultsThe migration of ADSCs and chondrocytes in co‐culture conditions significantly decreased compared with that in mono‐culture groups, accompanied by the decrease of filopodia and the expression level of MMP‐2.ConclusionsThe overall study showed that the migration of ADSCs and chondrocytes differs significantly depending on culture conditions. Moreover, the Notch signalling pathway may be involved in this process. Accordingly, by studying changes in migration caused by co‐culture, we obtained new insight into the crosstalk between ADSCs and chondrocytes.
Experience‐dependent neural plasticity, learning, and memory in the era of epitranscriptomics
Authors: Leighton L. J. , Ke K. , Zajaczkowski E. L. , Edmunds J. , Spitale R. C. , Bredy T. W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this short review, we highlight recent findings in the emerging field of epitranscriptomic mechanisms and discuss their potential role in neural plasticity, learning and memory. These include the influence of RNA modifications on activity‐induced RNA structure states, RNA editing and RNA localization, and how qualitative state changes in RNA increase the functional diversity and information‐carrying capacity of RNA molecules. We predict that RNA modifications may be just as important for synaptic plasticity and memory as quantitative changes in transcript and protein abundance, but with the added advantage of not being required to signal back to the nucleus, and therefore better suited to be coordinated with the temporal dynamics of learning.
Effects of tropical legume silages on intake, digestibility and performance in large and small ruminants: A review
Authors: Castro‐Montoya J. , Dickhoefer U. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA meta‐analysis was performed to determine the effects of feeding ruminants with tropical legume silages on intake, digestibility and performance using a data set with 218 treatments (162 containing legumes, 56 without legumes) from 62 trials. First, a regression analysis was performed for diets containing legumes. Dry‐matter intake (DMI) and digestibility decreased with increasing legume proportion, with greater effects on large compared with small ruminants. Milk yield (MY) by dairy cows was not affected by legumes. Average daily gain (ADG) by cattle was maximized with legume silage inclusion between 200 and 400 g/kg DM, but no effect appeared for small ruminants. A second analysis compared diets without legumes with diets with medium (101–400 g/kg DM) and high (401–800 g/kg DM) legume inclusion. There were no differences in DMI, MY and ADG between the medium inclusion and without legumes, but all these parameters decreased with high inclusion. Digestibility was lower in diets with legume silages than in diets without legumes, regardless of the inclusion level. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE) was highest in diets with medium inclusion and lowest with high legume inclusion. While high legume inclusion negatively affected performance, including legume silages up to 400 g/kg DM seems to enhance or at least maintain MY, ADG and FCE, despite lower intake and digestibility. The reasons for such apparent paradox remain unclear. Well‐designed studies focusing on, e.g. microbial protein synthesis, energy metabolism, protein/carbohydrates characteristics, are required to better understand the effects of tropical legumes silages on nutrients’ utilization.
Formation of Ti3SiC2 interphase coating on SiCf/SiC composite by electrophoretic deposition
Authors: Lee Hyeon‐Geun , Kim Daejong , Park Ji Yeon , Kim Weon‐Ju 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo improve the oxidation resistance of SiC composites at high temperature, the feasibility of using Ti3SiC2 coated via electrophoretic deposition (EPD) as a SiC fiber reinforced SiC composite interphase material was studied. Through fiber pullout, Ti3SiC2, due to its lamellar structure, has the possibility of improving the fracture toughness of SiCf/SiC composites. In this study, Ti3SiC2 coating was produced by EPD on SiC fiber; using Ti3SiC2‐coated SiC fabric, SiCf/SiC composite was fabricated by hot pressing. Platelet Ti3SiC2 powder pulverized into nanoparticles through high‐energy wet ball milling was uniformly coated on the SiC fiber in a direction in which the basal plane of the particles was parallel to the fiber. In a 3‐point bending test of the SiCf/SiC composite using Ti3SiC2‐coated SiC fabric, the SiCf/SiC composite exhibited brittle fracture behavior, but an abrupt slope change in the strength‐displacement curve was observed during loading due to the Ti3SiC2 interphase. On the fracture surface, delamination between each layer of SiC fabric was observed.
Elevated blood pressure in the developing world: a role for clinical pharmacists†
Authors: Smith Michael T , Monahan Megan P , Nelson Paige , Moruzzi Matthew , DeLucenay Alexander J , Birnie Christine R 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and patient knowledge of elevated blood pressure amongst a cross-section of patients in underserved communities in three selected low-income countries worldwide: El Salvador, India and Kenya.

Methods
Mobile medical clinics were established as part of medical mission trips in El Salvador, India and Kenya. Willing male and female patients, at least 25 years of age, who presented at each clinic were screened for elevated blood pressure, including 332 patients in El Salvador, 847 patients in India and 160 patients in Kenya. Patients were classified into Stage I or II elevated blood pressure based on modified JNCVII guidelines. A questionnaire was completed regarding their knowledge about the existence and management of their disease state.

Key findings
Of the 1339 patients screened, 368 presented with elevated blood pressure (27%). Of these patients, 147 had been previously informed of hypertension or an elevated blood pressure (39.9%), 28 reported receiving antihypertensive medication (7.6%) and 24 reported awareness of non-pharmaceutical treatment options (6.5%). In Kenya, 81 patients were screened in a rural setting and 79 in an urban setting. Patients demonstrating controlled blood pressure were 63 (78%) and 38 (48%), respectively, demonstrating a significant difference between the rural versus urban settings (P = 0.00359).

Conclusions
All regions demonstrated similar trends in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure, highlighting the need for increased disease state education in these regions.
Simulations of the surfaces of soda lime aluminoborosilicate glasses exposed to water
Authors: Garofalini Stephen H. , Ha Ming Tai , Urraca Joelyn 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations of 7 compositionally different sodium calcium alumino‐borosilicate glasses showed formation of 4B and 5Al more consistent with experimental data without compromising the other structural features that match experimental results observed in recent simulations of these glasses. Analysis of the dry surfaces of these glasses show a lack of 4B in the top 5‐6 Å of the surface in comparison to the bulk concentration for all glasses and no 5Al. Upon exposure to water, the simulations show that the 3B in the top 5‐6 Å of the glasses are preferentially attacked, decreasing the number of B bonds to O originally from the glass, indicating a change in the glass network. Inclusion of all B–O bonds in the top 5‐6 Å (i.e., including O from water) shows a decrease in 3B but an increase in 4B that is consistent with NEXAFS analysis, which the simulations show are hydroxylated. There is an increase in the concentration of 3Al in the dry surface in comparison to the bulk, but exposure to water converts almost all of these 3Al to 4Al. Hydroxyl concentrations vary from 2.6/nm2 to 4.1/nm2, with SiOH and BOH dominating these surface hydroxyls. Upon exposure to water, network linkages to B are preferentially ruptured. This, and the preferential loss of the nonbridging oxygen sites attached to Na, provide atomistic evidence of the initial stages of removal of B and Na from glass surfaces exposed to water.
Contemporary concepts in carious tissue removal: A review
Authors: Schwendicke Falk 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesBased on a changed understanding of the disease caries and its pathogenesis, strategies for carious tissue removal have changed, too. This review aims to summarize these changes and to provide clinical recommendations.OverviewRemoving all carious dentin from a cavity is not needed any longer to manage caries or the carious lesion. Instead, the carious lesion should be treated in a way allowing to arrest its activity, while preserving sound tooth tissue and pulp vitality. For teeth with vital pulps, a number of removal strategies have been developed: (1) Nonselective (complete) removal, which is not recommended any longer, (2) Selective removal to firm dentin, where firm dentin is left centrally and hard dentin peripherally, allowing the placement of a long‐lasting restoration while avoiding the removal of remineralizable tissue; this is recommended for shallow or moderately deep lesions; (3) Selective removal to soft dentin, where soft or leathery dentin is left in proximity to the pulp and sealed beneath a restoration; this is recommended for deep lesions; (4) Stepwise removal; which combines different strategies and is also suitable for deep lesions, at least in adult patients. Alternatives include not removing but sealing the lesions using resins (for shallow, noncavitated lesions) or stainless steel crowns (the Hall Technique, for cavitated lesions in primary molars), or opening up the lesion and regularly cleaning it (nonrestorative cavity control, currently not supported by sufficient evidence).Clinical significanceDentists should tailor their carious tissue removal strategy according to tooth type and, more importantly, lesion depth.
Modification of Maternal Sleep Position to Optimise Fetal Well‐being in Late Pregnancy: A Survey in a Multicultural New Zealand Region
Authors: Cronin Robin S. , Chelimo Carol , Mitchell Edwin A. , Okesene‐Gafa Kara , Thompson John , Taylor Rennae S. , Hutchison B. Lynne , McCowan Lesley M.E. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThis survey investigated late pregnancy maternal sleep practices and ability to modify sleep position in order to generate information on which to base future public health messages about optimal going‐to‐sleep position.Research QuestionWhat are the sleep practices of women in late pregnancy, and what are their views about changing going‐to‐sleep position if this was recommended?SignificanceMaternal sleep position in late pregnancy is a modifiable risk factor for late stillbirth. A 2011 study from Auckland, New Zealand, was the first to demonstrate a 2‐fold increased risk for women who did not go to sleep on their left side the night before the fetus was thought to have died, with the highest risk for women who settled to sleep supine. This association has since been confirmed by an Australian and Ghanaian study and a New Zealand multicentre study.MethodsA random sample of ethnically‐representative women (N = 377), between 28 and 42 weeks’ gestation, were surveyed in 2014 in South Auckland, New Zealand, a multicultural and socioeconomically disadvantaged population with an increased risk of stillbirth. Factors independently associated with non‐left side going‐to‐sleep position in late pregnancy were identified using multivariable logistic regression.ResultsSelf‐reported going‐to‐sleep position in the last week was left (30%), right (22%), supine (3%), either side (39%), and other (6%). The majority (68%) had received advice about pregnancy sleep position. A non‐left position was more likely to be reported by women of Maori (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23‐5.66) or Pacific (aOR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.46‐5.78) ethnicity, and those who did not sleep on the left‐hand side of the bed (aOR, 3.29; 95% CI, 2.03‐5.32). Most (87%) non‐left sleepers reported that they would have minimal difficulty changing to going to sleep on their left side in late pregnancy if this was better for their fetus.DiscussionThe results from this survey suggest that going‐to‐sleep position in late pregnancy is likely to be readily modifiable. This suggests that a public health intervention, about the importance of optimal late pregnancy going‐to‐sleep position to optimise fetal well‐being, is likely to be feasible in similar communities with an increased risk of stillbirth.
Effects of the type of reference scale on descriptive sensory analysis of cooked rice: Universal aromatic scale versus rice aromatic scale
Authors: Jarma Arroyo Sara E. , Seo Han‐Seok 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to determine whether panelists' attribute‐intensity ratings and performances in descriptive sensory analysis could vary with the type of reference scale used. Seven panelists, three times each, evaluated flavor attributes of eight cooked‐rice samples using either the universal aromatic scale (UAS) or the rice aromatic scale (RAS). Both scales could differentiate cooked rice samples with respect to individual flavor attributes, although the RAS was more sensitive to several attributes such as cardboard and metallic flavors. While both types of reference scale exhibited good repeatability, the RAS demonstrated better performance in terms of panel agreement and discriminability than did the UAS. Both scales produced similar clustering of cooked rice samples based on flavor attribute intensities. In conclusion, while either type could be effectively used as a quantitative frame of reference in descriptive sensory analysis of cooked rice, the RAS performed better than the UAS with respect to detecting and scoring subtle sample differences in flavor attribute intensities.Practical applicationsDespite its popular use as a quantitative frame of reference in the descriptive sensory analysis for a broad range of products, the UAS has the limitation that panelists may use only a narrow range of the entire scale when products to be tested have either very low or very high intensities. This study showed such a limitation in several flavor attributes of cooked rice samples with typically weak flavors. Our findings provide a better understanding regarding how choice of a quantitative frame of reference influences descriptive sensory analysis of cooked rice.
Effects of Integrated Shrimp Farming in Vietnam
Authors: Phung Hai Giang , Pham Duong Bao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDespite being a leading shrimp exporter in the world market, shrimp farming in Vietnam is carried out by many small‐scale farmers who face constraints in complying with increasingly stringent food safety and sustainability standards. The best way for such small farmers to circumvent this paradox is to make effective integrations both horizontally and vertically. Using value chain and institutional economics approaches, this study determines the factors that influence the probability of horizontal and vertical integrations between the production and processing stages in the shrimp industry in Vietnam. Analysis results confirm that integrated shrimp aquaculture is much more effective than the traditionally small‐scale‐ and individual‐production mode. In addition, logit estimation results identify the key factors affecting integration, including effectiveness of the legal framework, production scale, infrastructure development, and farmers' skill and awareness. Several policy recommendations proposed to encourage the development of integration in shrimp farming in Vietnam could also be useful for other similar developing countries.
Combining food‐based dietary recommendations using Optifood with zinc‐fortified water potentially improves nutrient adequacy among 4‐ to 6‐year‐old children in Kisumu West district, Kenya
Authors: Kujinga Prosper , Borgonjen‐van den Berg Karin J. , Superchi Cecilia , ten Hove Hermine J. , Onyango Elizabeth Opiyo , Andang'o Pauline , Galetti Valeria , Zimmerman Michael B. , Moretti Diego , Brouwer Inge D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChildren in developing countries often face multiple micronutrient deficiencies. Introduction of zinc‐fortified water can increase zinc intake, but additional recommendations are required to address overall diet nutrient adequacy. We developed and tested food‐based recommendations (FBRs) that included zinc‐fortified water for children aged between 4 and 6 years from rural Kenya to achieve the best possible nutrient adequacy. Dietary intakes of 60 children aged 4–6 years, from Kisumu West district, Kenya, were assessed using a quantitative multipass 24‐hr recall. Linear programming model parameters were derived, including a list of foods consumed, median serving sizes, and distribution of frequency of consumption. By using the Optifood linear programming tool, we developed FBRs for diets including zinc‐fortified water. FBRs with nutrient levels achieving ≥70% recommended nutrient intake (RNI) of the World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations RNI for most of the 12 considered nutrients were selected as the final recommendations for the children. With no FBRs and no zinc‐fortified water, percent RNI coverage range was between 40% and 76% for zinc, improving to 66–101% after introduction of zinc‐fortified water. The final set of FBRs achieved nutrient adequacy for all nutrients except for vitamin A (25% RNI) and folate (68% RNI). Introduction of zinc‐fortified water combined with FBRs will likely improve the nutrient adequacy of diets consumed by children in Kenya but needs to be complemented with alternative interventions to ensure dietary adequacy.
Nutrition, hygiene, and stimulation education to improve growth, cognitive, language, and motor development among infants in Uganda: A cluster‐randomized trial
Authors: Muhoozi Grace K. M. , Atukunda Prudence , Diep Lien M. , Mwadime Robert , Kaaya Archileo N. , Skaare Anne B. , Willumsen Tiril , Westerberg Ane C. , Iversen Per O. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStunting is associated with impaired cognitive and motor function. The effect of an education intervention including nutrition, stimulation, sanitation, and hygiene on child growth and cognitive/language/motor development, delivered to impoverished mothers in Uganda, was assessed. In a community‐based, open cluster‐randomized trial, 511 mother/children dyads aged 6–8 months were enrolled to an intervention (n = 263) or control (n = 248) group. The primary outcome was change in length‐for‐age z‐score at age 20–24 months. Secondary outcomes included anthropometry and scores on the 2 developmental scales: Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development‐III and the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. There was no evidence of a difference in mean length‐for‐age z‐score at 20–24 months between the 2 study groups: 0.10, 95% CI [−0.17, 0.36], p = .49. The intervention group had higher mean composite development scores than the controls on Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development‐III, the mean difference being 15.6, 95% CI [10.9, 20.2], p = .0001; 9.9, 95% CI [6.4, 13.2], p = .0001; and 14.6, 95% CI [10.9, 18.2], p = .0001, for cognitive, language, and motor composite scores, respectively. The mean difference in scores from the Ages and Stages Questionnaire were 7.0, 95% CI [2.9, 11.3], p = .001; 5.9, 95% CI [1.2, 10.3], p = .01; 4.2, 95% CI [1.7, 6.7], p = .001; 8.9, 95% CI [5.3, 12.3], p = .0001; and 4.4, 95% CI [0.0, 8.8], p = .05, for communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal–social development, respectively. The intervention education delivered to mothers promoted early development domains in cognitive, language, and motor development but not linear growth of small children in impoverished rural communities in Uganda. Our study showed that child development may be improved with a relatively low cost intervention strategy. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT02098031.