bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for strong, widespread chlorine radical chemistry associated with pollution outflow from continental Asia
Authors: Baker Angela K. , Sauvage Carina , Thorenz Ute R. , van Velthoven Peter , Oram David E. , Zahn Andreas , Brenninkmeijer Carl A. M. , Williams Jonathan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe chlorine radical is a potent atmospheric oxidant, capable of perturbing tropospheric oxidative cycles normally controlled by the hydroxyl radical. Significantly faster reaction rates allow chlorine radicals to expedite oxidation of hydrocarbons, including methane, and in polluted environments, to enhance ozone production. Here we present evidence, from the CARIBIC airborne dataset, for extensive chlorine radical chemistry associated with Asian pollution outflow, from airborne observations made over the Malaysian Peninsula in winter. This region is known for persistent convection that regularly delivers surface air to higher altitudes and serves as a major transport pathway into the stratosphere. Oxidant ratios inferred from hydrocarbon relationships show that chlorine radicals were regionally more important than hydroxyl radicals for alkane oxidation and were also important for methane and alkene oxidation (>10%). Our observations reveal pollution-related chlorine chemistry that is both widespread and recurrent, and has implications for tropospheric oxidizing capacity, stratospheric composition and ozone chemistry.
Role of thioredoxin reductase 1 in dysplastic transformation of human breast epithelial cells triggered by chronic oxidative stress
Authors: Dong Chaoran , Zhang Lei , Sun Ruoxuan , Liu Jianying , Yin Hanwei , Li Xiaoxiao , Zheng Xiaoqing , Zeng Huihui 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThioredoxin reductase 1 (TrxR1) is a pivotal intracellular redox sensor and antioxidant enzyme. On the other hand, overexpression of TrxR1 is closely correlated with the initiation of various tumors including breast cancer, though the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Here we investigated the role of TrxR1 in dysplastic transformation of human breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A induced by chronic oxidative stress. Not surprisingly, sustained exposure to H2O2 significantly augmented the expression and activity of TrxR1 in MCF-10A cells. The dysplastically transformed MCF-10A (MCF-10AT) cells undergoing 8-week H2O2 treatment exhibited a certain degree of malignancy in tumorigenicity evaluation. Moreover, TrxR1 inhibitor ethaselen (BBSKE) could partially reverse some malignant phenotypes including epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MCF-10AT as well as MCF-7 cells. Collectively, our results supported the considerable involvement of TrxR1 in the onset of breast cancer and BBSKE may be a promising agent against breast cancer.
Cancer derived peptide of vacuolar ATPase ‘a2’ isoform promotes neutrophil migration by autocrine secretion of IL-8
Authors: Ibrahim Safaa A. , Kulshrestha Arpita , Katara Gajendra K. , Amin Magdy A. , Beaman Kenneth D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNeutrophils play significant regulatory roles within the tumor microenvironment by directly promoting tumor progression that leads to poor clinical outcomes. Identifying the tumor associated molecules that regulate neutrophil infiltration into tumors may provide new and specific therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. The a2-isoform of vacuolar ATPase (a2V) is uniquely and highly expressed on cancer cell plasma membrane. Cancer cells secrete a peptide from a2V (a2NTD) that promotes the pro-tumorigenic properties of neutrophils. This provides a2V the propensity to control neutrophil migration. Here, we report that the treatment of human neutrophils with recombinant a2NTD leads to neutrophil adherence and polarization. Moreover, a2NTD treatment activates surface adhesion receptors, as well as FAK and Src kinases that are essential regulators of the migration process in neutrophils. Functional analysis reveals that a2NTD can act as a chemo-attractant and promotes neutrophil migration. In addition, a2Neuɸ secrete high levels of IL-8 via NF-κB pathway activation. Confirmatory assays demonstrate that the promoted migration of a2Neuɸ was dependent on the autocrine secretion of IL-8 from a2Neuɸ. These findings demonstrate for the first time the direct regulatory role of cancer associated a2-isoform V-ATPase on neutrophil migration, suggesting a2V as a potential target for cancer therapy.
Transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis mutants suggests a crosstalk between ABA, ethylene and GSH against combined cold and osmotic stress
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Hazra Saptarshi , Datta Riddhi , Chattopadhyay Sharmila 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe involvement of ethylene and abscisic acid in providing stress tolerance and defence response to plants is widely recognized. However, little is known about the cross-talk between glutathione with ethylene and abscisic acid to combat stress in planta. Here, transcriptome analysis of combined cold and osmotic stress treated Arabidopsis mutants were carried out to elucidate the crosstalk between the abscisic acid, ethylene and glutathione. Microarray experiment revealed the differential regulation of about 2313 and 4131 transcripts in ein2 (ethylene insensitive mutant) and aba1.6 (abscisic acid mutant) respectively. Functional analysis exposed common down-regulated stress and defence, secondary metabolite biosynthesis viz. phenylpropanoid, lignin and flavonols, redox and transcription factors related genes in ein2, aba1.6 and pad2.1 (glutathione mutant) in response to combined stress treatment. The reduced glutathione content was less in stress treated mutants in comparison to Col-0. Again, selective down-regulated transcripts in stress treated mutants were noted up-regulated after glutathione feeding. Some of the important differentially expressed genes were also validated by comparative proteomics analysis of stress treated mutants. In summary, our results suggested the role of ethylene and abscisic acid in inducing stress-responsive genes and proteins by activating glutathione biosynthesis to combat abiotic stress conditions in plant system.
Effect of bio-engineering on size, shape, composition and rigidity of bacterial microcompartments
Authors: Mayer Matthias J. , Juodeikis Rokas , Brown Ian R. , Frank Stefanie , Palmer David J. , Deery Evelyne , Beal David M. , Xue Wei-Feng , Warren Martin J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBacterial microcompartments (BMCs) are proteinaceous organelles that are found in a broad range of bacteria and are composed of an outer shell that encases an enzyme cargo representing a specific metabolic process. The outer shell is made from a number of different proteins that form hexameric and pentameric tiles, which interact to allow the formation of a polyhedral edifice. We have previously shown that the Citrobacter freundii BMC associated with 1,2-propanediol utilization can be transferred into Escherichia coli to generate a recombinant BMC and that empty BMCs can be formed from just the shell proteins alone. Herein, a detailed structural and proteomic characterization of the wild type BMC is compared to the recombinant BMC and a number of empty BMC variants by 2D-gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Specifically, it is shown that the wild type BMC and the recombinant BMC are similar in terms of composition, size, shape and mechanical properties, whereas the empty BMC variants are shown to be smaller, hollow and less malleable.
A Preliminary Study of the Carbon Emissions Reduction Effects of Land Use Control
Authors: Chuai Xiaowei , Huang Xianjin , Qi Xinxian , Li Jiasheng , Zuo Tianhui , Lu Qinli , Li Jianbao , Wu Changyan , Zhao Rongqin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLand use change not only directly influences carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems but can also cause energy-related carbon emissions. This study examined spatiotemporal land use change across Jiangsu Province, China; calculated vegetation carbon storage loss caused by land use change and energy-related carbon emissions; analysed the relationship among land use change, carbon emissions and social-economic development; and optimized land use structure to maximize carbon storage. Our study found that 13.61% of the province’s land area underwent a change in type of land use between 1995 and 2010, mainly presented as built-up land expansion and cropland shrinkage, especially in southern Jiangsu. Land use change caused a 353.99 × 104 t loss of vegetation carbon storage loss. Energy-related carbon emissions increased 2.5 times from 1995 to 2013; the energy consumption structure has been improved to some extent while still relying on coal. The selected social-economic driving forces have strong relationships with carbon emissions and land use changes, while there are also other determinants driving land use change, such as land use policy. The optimized land use structure will slow the rate of decline in vegetation carbon storage compared with the period between 1995 and 2010 and will also reduce energy-related carbon emissions by 12%.
Discriminating cancer-related and cancer-unrelated chemoradiation-response genes for locally advanced rectal cancers
Authors: Guo You , Cheng Jun , Ao Lu , Li Xiangyu , Guan Qingzhou , Zhang Juan , Yan Haidan , Cai Hao , Gao Qiao , Jiang Weizhong , Guo Zheng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFor patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) treated with preoperation chemoradiation (pCRT), identifying differentially expressed (DE) genes between non-responders and responders is a common approach for investigating mechanisms of chemoradiation resistance. However, some of such DE genes might be irrelevant to cancer itself but simply reflect the pharmacokinetic differences of the normal tissues. In this study, we adopted the RankComp algorithm to identify DE genes for each of LARC sample compared with its own normal state. Then, we identified genes with significantly different deregulation frequencies between the non-responders and responders, defined as cancer-related pCRT-response genes. Pathway enrichment and protein-protein interaction analyses showed that these genes specifically and intensively interacted with currently known effective genes of pCRT, involving in DNA replication, cell cycle and DNA repair. In contrast, after excluding the cancer-related pCRT-response genes, the other DE genes between non-responders and responders were enriched in many pathways of drug and protein metabolisms and transports, and interacted with both the known effective genes and pharmacokinetic genes. Hence, these two types of DE genes should be distinguished for investigating mechanisms of pCRT response in LARCs.
Ecotypic differentiation matters for latitudinal variation in energy metabolism and flight performance in a butterfly under climate change
Authors: Van Dyck Hans , Holveck Marie-Jeanne 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLife histories of organisms may vary with latitude as they experience different thermal constraints and challenges. This geographic, intraspecific variation could be of significance for range dynamics under climate change beyond edge-core comparisons. In this study, we did a reciprocal transplant experiment between the temperature-regimes of two latitudes with an ectotherm insect, examining the effects on energy metabolism and flight performance.Pararge aegeriaexpanded its ecological niche from cool woodland (ancestral) to warmer habitat in agricultural landscape (novel ecotype). Northern males had higher standard metabolic rates than southern males, but in females these rates depended on their ecotype. Southern males flew for longer than northern ones. In females, body mass-corrected flight performance depended on latitude and thermal treatment during larval development and in case of the southern females, their interaction. Our experimental study provides evidence for the role of ecological differentiation at the core of the range to modulate ecophysiology and flight performance at different latitudes, which in turn may affect the climatic responsiveness of the species.
Integrins outside focal adhesions transmit tensions during stable cell adhesion
Authors: Wang Yongliang , Wang Xuefeng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntegrins coupled with other proteins form protein complexes named focal adhesions (FA) which are considered as the primary sites for cellular forces transduction during cell stable adhesion. Cell traction forces transmitted by FAs and integrin tensions inside FAs have been extensively studied. However, it remains unknown whether integrins outside FAs can transmit tension, and if so, what is the tension range. We previously developed a tension sensor named tension gauge tether (TGT). To calibrate integrin tensions outside FAs, here we applied multiplex TGT (mTGT) to simultaneously monitor integrin tensions at separate levels. mTGT unambiguously revealed that integrins outside FAs also transmit tension after FA formation. These tensions are mainly located in the range of 43 ~ 54 pN which is lower than integrin tensions inside FAs. Integrin tensions both inside and outside FAs substantially contribute to bulk cellular forces and they respond independently to actin and myosin II inhibition, serum deprivation and microtubule inhibition, indicating their different tension sources and independent dynamics. Our work identified integrin tensions outside FAs and calibrated the tension range for the first time. We also demonstrated that mTGT is a valuable tool to monitor integrin tension profile in a broad detection range of 10 ~ 60 pN.
Computational Drug Target Screening through Protein Interaction Profiles
Authors: Vilar Santiago , Quezada Elías , Uriarte Eugenio , Costanzi Stefano , Borges Fernanda , Viña Dolores , Hripcsak George 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe development of computational methods to discover novel drug-target interactions on a large scale is of great interest. We propose a new method for virtual screening based on protein interaction profile similarity to discover new targets for molecules, including existing drugs. We calculated Target Interaction Profile Fingerprints (TIPFs) based on ChEMBL database to evaluate drug similarity and generated new putative compound-target candidates from the non-intersecting targets in each pair of compounds. A set of drugs was further studied in monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) enzyme through molecular docking and experimental assays. The drug ethoxzolamide and the natural compound piperlongumine, present in Piper longum L, showed hMAO-B activity with IC50values of 25 and 65 μM respectively. Five candidates, including lapatinib, SB-202190, RO-316233, GW786460X and indirubin-3′-monoxime were tested against human COX-1. Compounds SB-202190 and RO-316233 showed a IC50in hCOX-1 of 24 and 25 μM respectively (similar range as potent inhibitors such as diclofenac and indomethacin in the same experimental conditions). Lapatinib and indirubin-3′-monoxime showed moderate hCOX-1 activity (19.5% and 28% of enzyme inhibition at 25 μM respectively). Our modeling constitutes a multi-target predictor for large scale virtual screening with potential in lead discovery, repositioning and drug safety.
Mutation tendency of mutator Plasmodium berghei with proofreading-deficient DNA polymerase δ
Authors: Honma Hajime , Niikura Mamoru , Kobayashi Fumie , Horii Toshihiro , Mita Toshihiro , Endo Hiroyoshi , Hirai Makoto 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the mutation tendency of a mutator rodent malaria parasite, Plasmodium berghei, with proofreading-deficient DNA polymerase δ. Wild-type and mutator parasites were maintained in mice for over 24 weeks, and the genome-wide accumulated mutations were determined by high-throughput sequencing. The mutator P. berghei had a significant preference for C/G to A/T substitutions; thus, its genome had a trend towards a higher AT content. The mutation rate was influenced by the sequence context, and mutations were markedly elevated at TCT. Some genes mutated repeatedly in replicate passage lines. In particular, knockout mutations of the AP2-G gene were frequent, which conferred strong growth advantages on parasites during the blood stage but at the cost of losing the ability to form gametocytes. This is the first report to demonstrate a biased mutation tendency in malaria parasites, and its results help to promote our basic understanding of Plasmodium genetics.
Guatemala paleoseismicity: from Late Classic Maya collapse to recent fault creep
Authors: Brocard Gilles , Anselmetti Flavio S. , Teyssier Christian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe combine ‘on-fault’ trench observations of slip on the Polochic fault (North America-Caribbean plate boundary) with a 1200 years-long ‘near-fault’ record of seismo-turbidite generation in a lake located within 2 km of the fault. The lake record indicates that, over the past 12 centuries, 10 earthquakes reaching ground-shaking intensities ≥ VI generated seismo-turbidites in the lake. Seismic activity was highly unevenly distributed over time and noticeably includes a cluster of earthquakes spread over a century at the end of the Classic Maya period. This cluster may have contributed to the piecemeal collapse of the Classic Maya civilization in this wet, mountainous southern part of the Maya realm. On-fault observations within 7 km of the lake show that soils formed between 1665 and 1813 CE were displaced by the Polochic fault during a long period of seismic quiescence, from 1450 to 1976 CE. Displacement on the Polochic fault during at least the last 480 years included a component of slip that was aseismic, or associated with very light seismicity (magnitude <5 earthquakes). Seismicity of the plate boundary is therefore either non-cyclic, or dominated by long-period cycles (>1 ky) punctuated by destructive earthquake clusters.
MiR-101 Targets the EZH2/Wnt/β-Catenin the Pathway to Promote the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Hongrui , Meng Yake , Cui Quanjun , Qin Fujun , Yang Haisong , Chen Yu , Cheng Yajun , Shi Jiangang , Guo Yongfei 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMounting evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in multiple processes of osteogenic differentiation. MicroRNA-101 (miR-101), identified as a tumor suppressor, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several types of cancer. However, the expression of miR-101 and its roles in the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) remain unclear. We found that the miR-101 expression level was significantly increased during the osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. MiR-101 depletion suppressed osteogenic differentiation, whereas the overexpression of miR-101 was sufficient to promote this process. We further demonstrated that enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) was a target gene of miR-101. EZH2 overexpression and depletion reversed the promoting or suppressing effect of osteogenic differentiation of hBMSCs, respectively, caused by miR-101. In addition, we showed that miR-101 overexpression promoted the expression of Wnt genes, resulting in the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting EZH2, while the activity of β-catenin and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was inhibited by ICG-001, a β-Catenin inhibitor, which reversed the promoting effect of miR-101. Finally, miR-101 also promotes in vivo bone formation by hBMSCs. Collectively, these data suggest that miR-101 is induced by osteogenic stimuli and promotes osteogenic differentiation at least partly by targeting the EZH2/Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway.
Critical Role of Energy Transfer Between Terbium Ions for Suppression of Back Energy Transfer in Nonanuclear Terbium Clusters
Authors: Omagari Shun , Nakanishi Takayuki , Kitagawa Yuichi , Seki Tomohiro , Fushimi Koji , Ito Hajime , Meijerink Andries , Hasegawa Yasuchika 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLanthanide (Ln(III)) complexes form an important class of highly efficient luminescent materials showing characteristic line emission after efficient light absorption by the surrounding ligands. The efficiency is however lowered by back energy transfer from Ln(III) ion to the ligands, especially at higher temperatures. Here we report a new strategy to reduce back energy transfer losses. Nonanuclear lanthanide clusters containing terbium and gadolinium ions, TbnGd9−n clusters ([TbnGd9−n(μ-OH)10(butylsalicylate)16]+NO3−, n = 0, 1, 2, 5, 8, 9), were synthesized to investigate the effect of energy transfer between Tb(III) ions on back energy transfer. The photophysical properties of TbnGd9−n clusters were studied by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques and revealed a longer emission lifetime with increasing number of Tb(III) ions in TbnGd9−n clusters. A kinetic analysis of temperature dependence of the emission lifetime show that the energy transfer between Tb(III) ions competes with back energy transfer. The experimental results are in agreement with a theoretical rate equation model that confirms the role of energy transfer between Tb(III) ions in reducing back energy transfer losses. The results provide a new strategy in molecular design for improving the luminescence efficiency in lanthanide complexes which is important for potential applications as luminescent materials.
Slow reduction of IP-10 Levels predicts HBeAg seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B patients with 5 years of entecavir treatment
Authors: Guo Renyong , Mao Hejun , Hu Xiao , Zheng Nengneng , Yan Dong , He Jianqin , Yang Jiezuan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the correlation between dynamic changes in serum cytokine/chemokine expression levels in response to entecavir (ETV) treatment and HBV e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Four cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4, IL-6, IL-8, and interferon-γ) and five chemokines (macro-phage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1α, MIP-1β, platelet derived growth factor-BB, and interferon-inducible protein 10 [IP-10]) before ETV therapy and at 3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 60 months during therapy in 105 CHB patients were analyzed. The results showed that the low decrease rate of IP-10 levels after 1 year of ETV treatment was an independent predictor of HBeAg seroconversion at year 5 (Hazard ratio = 0.972). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the decrease rate of IP-10 levels after 1 year of treatment to discriminate a year-5 HBeAg seroconversion was 0.752 (p = 0.005). The results indicate that higher IP-10 level at year one of ETV treatment is associated with an increased probability of HBeAg seroconversion. Quantification of IP-10 during ETV treatment may help to predict long-term HBeAg seroconversion in patients with CHB.