bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant coercivity and high magnetic blocking temperatures for N2
3− radical-bridged dilanthanide complexes upon ligand dissociation
Authors: Demir Selvan , Gonzalez Miguel I. , Darago Lucy E. , Evans William J. , Long Jeffrey R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIncreasing the operating temperatures of single-molecule magnets—molecules that can retain magnetic polarization in the absence of an applied field—has potential implications toward information storage and computing, and may also inform the development of new bulk magnets. Progress toward these goals relies upon the development of synthetic chemistry enabling enhancement of the thermal barrier to reversal of the magnetic moment, while suppressing alternative relaxation processes. Herein, we show that pairing the axial magnetic anisotropy enforced by tetramethylcyclopentadienyl (CpMe4H) capping ligands with strong magnetic exchange coupling provided by an N23− radical bridging ligand results in a series of dilanthanide complexes exhibiting exceptionally large magnetic hysteresis loops that persist to high temperatures. Significantly, reducing the coordination number of the metal centers appears to increase axial magnetic anisotropy, giving rise to larger magnetic relaxation barriers and 100-s magnetic blocking temperatures of up to 20 K, as observed for the complex [K(crypt-222)][(CpMe4H2Tb)2(μ−$${\rm{N}}_2^ \cdot$$

N

2

⋅

)].
Hydrologically-driven crustal stresses and seismicity in the New Madrid Seismic Zone
Authors: Craig Timothy J. , Chanard Kristel , Calais Eric 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe degree to which short-term non-tectonic processes, either natural and anthropogenic, influence the occurrence of earthquakes in active tectonic settings or ‘stable’ plate interiors, remains a subject of debate. Recent work in plate-boundary regions demonstrates the capacity for long-wavelength changes in continental water storage to produce observable surface deformation, induce crustal stresses and modulate seismicity rates. Here we show that a significant variation in the rate of microearthquakes in the intraplate New Madrid Seismic Zone at annual and multi-annual timescales coincides with hydrological loading in the upper Mississippi embayment. We demonstrate that this loading, which results in geodetically observed surface deformation, induces stresses within the lithosphere that, although of small amplitude, modulate the ongoing seismicity of the New Madrid region. Correspondence between surface deformation, hydrological loading and seismicity rates at both annual and multi-annual timescales indicates that seismicity variations are the direct result of elastic stresses induced by the water load.
Hepatocytic expression of human sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide enables hepatitis B virus infection of macaques
Authors: Burwitz Benjamin J. , Wettengel Jochen M. , Mück-Häusl Martin A. , Ringelhan Marc , Ko Chunkyu , Festag Marvin M. , Hammond Katherine B. , Northrup Mina , Bimber Benjamin N. , Jacob Thomas , Reed Jason S. , Norris Reed , Park Byung , Moller-Tank Sven , Esser Knud , Greene Justin M. , Wu Helen L. , Abdulhaqq Shaheed , Webb Gabriela , Sutton William F. , Klug Alex , Swanson Tonya , Legasse Alfred W. , Vu Tania Q. , Asokan Aravind , Haigwood Nancy L. , Protzer Ulrike , Sacha Jonah B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major global health concern, and the development of curative therapeutics is urgently needed. Such efforts are impeded by the lack of a physiologically relevant, pre-clinical animal model of HBV infection. Here, we report that expression of the HBV entry receptor, human sodium-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (hNTCP), on macaque primary hepatocytes facilitates HBV infection in vitro, where all replicative intermediates including covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) are present. Furthermore, viral vector-mediated expression of hNTCP on hepatocytes in vivo renders rhesus macaques permissive to HBV infection. These in vivo macaque HBV infections are characterized by longitudinal HBV DNA in serum, and detection of HBV DNA, RNA, and HBV core antigen (HBcAg) in hepatocytes. Together, these results show that expressing hNTCP on macaque hepatocytes renders them susceptible to HBV infection, thereby establishing a physiologically relevant model of HBV infection to study immune clearance and test therapeutic and curative approaches.
Neurons along the auditory pathway exhibit a hierarchical organization of prediction error
Authors: Parras Gloria G. , Nieto-Diego Javier , Carbajal Guillermo V. , Valdés-Baizabal Catalina , Escera Carles , Malmierca Manuel S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPerception is characterized by a reciprocal exchange of predictions and prediction error signals between neural regions. However, the relationship between such sensory mismatch responses and hierarchical predictive processing has not yet been demonstrated at the neuronal level in the auditory pathway. We recorded single-neuron activity from different auditory centers in anaesthetized rats and awake mice while animals were played a sequence of sounds, designed to separate the responses due to prediction error from those due to adaptation effects. Here we report that prediction error is organized hierarchically along the central auditory pathway. These prediction error signals are detectable in subcortical regions and increase as the signals move towards auditory cortex, which in turn demonstrates a large-scale mismatch potential. Finally, the predictive activity of single auditory neurons underlies automatic deviance detection at subcortical levels of processing. These results demonstrate that prediction error is a fundamental component of singly auditory neuron responses.
Electrical semiconduction modulated by light in a cobalt and naphthalene diimide metal-organic framework
Authors: Castaldelli Evandro , Imalka Jayawardena K. D. G. , Cox David C. , Clarkson Guy J. , Walton Richard I. , Le-Quang Long , Chauvin Jerôme , Silva S. Ravi P. , Demets Grégoire Jean-François 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMetal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as an exciting class of porous materials that can be structurally designed by choosing particular components according to desired applications. Despite the wide interest in and many potential applications of MOFs, such as in gas storage, catalysis, sensing and drug delivery, electrical semiconductivity and its control is still rare. The use and fabrication of electronic devices with MOF-based components has not been widely explored, despite significant progress of these components made in recent years. Here we report the synthesis and properties of a new highly crystalline, electrochemically active, cobalt and naphthalene diimide-based MOF that is an efficient electrical semiconductor and has a broad absorption spectrum, from 300 to 2500 nm. Its semiconductivity was determined by direct voltage bias using a four-point device, and it features a wavelength dependant photoconductive–photoresistive dual behaviour, with a very high responsivity of 2.5 × 105 A W−1.
Coherent Ising machines—optical neural networks operating at the quantum limit
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihisa , Aihara Kazuyuki , Leleu Timothee , Kawarabayashi Ken-ichi , Kako Satoshi , Fejer Martin , Inoue Kyo , Takesue Hiroki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this article, we will introduce the basic concept and the quantum feature of a novel computing system, coherent Ising machines, and describe their theoretical and experimental performance. We start with the discussion how to construct such physical devices as the quantum analog of classical neuron and synapse, and end with the performance comparison against various classical neural networks implemented in CPU and supercomputers.
Intraoperative delivery of the Notch ligand Jagged-1 regenerates appendicular and craniofacial bone defects
Authors: Youngstrom Daniel W. , Senos Rafael , Zondervan Robert L. , Brodeur Jack D. , Lints Austin R. , Young Devin R. , Mitchell Troy L. , Moore Megan E. , Myers Marc H. , Tseng Wei-Ju , Loomes Kathleen M. , Hankenson Kurt D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEach year, 33% of US citizens suffer from a musculoskeletal condition that requires medical intervention, with direct medical costs approaching $1 trillion USD per year. Despite the ubiquity of skeletal dysfunction, there are currently limited safe and efficacious bone growth factors in clinical use. Notch is a cell–cell communication pathway that regulates self-renewal and differentiation within the mesenchymal/osteoblast lineage. The principal Notch ligand in bone, Jagged-1, is a potent osteoinductive protein that positively regulates post-traumatic bone healing in animals. This report describes the temporal regulation of Notch during intramembranous bone formation using marrow ablation as a model system and demonstrates decreased bone formation following disruption of Jagged-1 in mesenchymal progenitor cells. Notch gain-of-function using recombinant Jagged-1 protein on collagen scaffolds promotes healing of craniofacial (calvarial) and appendicular (femoral) surgical defects in both mice and rats. Localized delivery of Jagged-1 promotes bone apposition and defect healing, while avoiding the diffuse bone hypertrophy characteristic of the clinically problematic bone morphogenetic proteins. It is concluded that Jagged-1 is a bone-anabolic agent with therapeutic potential for regenerating traumatic or congenital bone defects.
Biogas production from food waste via co-digestion and digestion- effects on performance and microbial ecology
Authors: Zamanzadeh Mirzaman , Hagen Live Heldal , Svensson Kine , Linjordet Roar , Horn Svein Jarle 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this work, performance and microbial structure of a digestion (food waste-only) and a co-digestion process (mixture of cow manure and food waste) were studied at mesophilic (37 °C) and thermophilic (55 °C) temperatures. The highest methane yield (480 mL/g VS) was observed in the mesophilic digester (MDi) fed with food waste alone. The mesophilic co-digestion of food waste and manure (McoDi) yielded 26% more methane than the sum of individual digestions of manure and food waste. The main volatile fatty acid (VFA) in the mesophilic systems was acetate, averaging 93 and 172 mg/L for McoDi and MDi, respectively. Acetate (2150 mg/L) and propionate (833 mg/L) were the main VFAs in the thermophilic digester (TDi), while propionate (163 mg/L) was the major VFA in the thermophilic co-digester (TcoDi). The dominant bacteria in MDi wasChloroflexi(54%), whileFirmicuteswas dominant in McoDi (60%). For the mesophilic reactors, the dominant archaea wasMethanosaetain MDi, whileMethanobacteriumandMethanosaetahad similar abundance in McoDi. In the thermophilic systems, the dominant bacteria wereThermotogae, FirmicutesandSynergistetesin both digesters, however, the relative abundance of these phyla were different. For archaea, the genusMethanothermobacterwere entirely dominant in both TDi and TcoDi.
Transcription of a B chromosome CAP-G pseudogene does not influence normal Condensin Complex genes in a grasshopper
Authors: Navarro-Domínguez Beatriz , Ruiz-Ruano Francisco J. , Camacho Juan Pedro M. , Cabrero Josefa , López-León María Dolores 
Published: December 2017

AbstractParasitic B chromosomes invade and persist in natural populations through several mechanisms for transmission advantage (drive). They may contain gene-derived sequences which, in some cases, are actively transcribed. A further interesting question is whether B-derived transcripts become functional products. In the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans, one of the gene-derived sequences located on the B chromosome shows homology with the gene coding for the CAP-G subunit of condensin I. We show here, by means of fluorescent in situ hybridization coupled with tyramide signal amplification (FISH-TSA), that this gene is located in the distal region of the B24 chromosome variant. The DNA sequence located in the B chromosome is a pseudogenic version of the CAP-G gene (B-CAP-G). In two Spanish populations, we found active transcription of B-CAP-G, but it did not influence the expression of CAP-D2 and CAP-D3 genes coding for corresponding condensin I and II subunits, respectively. Our results indicate that the transcriptional regulation of the B-CAP-G pseudogene is uncoupled from the standard regulation of the genes that constitute the condensin complex, and suggest that some of the B chromosome known effects may be related with its gene content and transcriptional activity, thus opening new exciting avenues for research.
Molecular Characterization and Co-expression Analysis of the SnRK2 Gene Family in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Authors: Li Changning , Nong Qian , Xie Jinlan , Wang Zeping , Liang Qiang , Solanki Manoj Kumar , Malviya Mukesh Kumar , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Yijie , Htun Reemon , Wei Jiguang , Li Yangrui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn plants, both abscisic acid (ABA) dependent and independent pathways form the basis for the response to environmental stresses. Sucrose non-fermenting 1-related protein kinase 2 (SnRK2) plays a central role in plant stress signal transduction. However, complete annotation and specific expression patterns of SnRK2s in sugarcane remain unclear. For the present study, we performed a full-length cDNA library survey of sugarcane, thus identifying ten SoSnRK2 genes via phylogenetic, local BLAST methods, and various bioinformatics analyses. Phylogenetic analysis indicated division of SoSnRK2 genes into three subgroups, similar to other plant species. Gene structure comparison with Arabidopsis suggested a unique evolutionary imprint of the SnRK2 gene family in sugarcane. Both sequence alignment and structural annotation provided an overview of the conserved N-terminal and variations of the C-terminal, suggesting functional divergence. Transcript and transient expression assays revealed SoSnRK2s to be involved in the responses to diverse stress signals, and strong ABA induction of SoSnRK2s in subgroup III. Co-expression network analyses indicated the existence of both conserved and variable biological functions among different SoSnRK2s members. In summary, this comprehensive analysis will facilitate further studies of the SoSnRK2 family and provide useful information for the functional validation of SoSnRK2s.
Estimating and mitigating amplification bias in qualitative and quantitative arthropod metabarcoding
Authors: Krehenwinkel Henrik , Wolf Madeline , Lim Jun Ying , Rominger Andrew J. , Simison Warren B. , Gillespie Rosemary G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAmplicon based metabarcoding promises rapid and cost-efficient analyses of species composition. However, it is disputed whether abundance estimates can be derived from metabarcoding due to taxon specific PCR amplification biases. PCR-free approaches have been suggested to mitigate this problem, but come with considerable increases in workload and cost. Here, we analyze multilocus datasets of diverse arthropod communities, to evaluate whether amplification bias can be countered by (1) targeting loci with highly degenerate primers or conserved priming sites, (2) increasing PCR template concentration, (3) reducing PCR cycle number or (4) avoiding locus specific amplification by directly sequencing genomic DNA. Amplification bias is reduced considerably by degenerate primers or targeting amplicons with conserved priming sites. Surprisingly, a reduction of PCR cycles did not have a strong effect on amplification bias. The association of taxon abundance and read count was actually less predictable with fewer cycles. Even a complete exclusion of locus specific amplification did not exclude bias. Copy number variation of the target loci may be another explanation for read abundance differences between taxa, which would affect amplicon based and PCR free methods alike. As read abundance biases are taxon specific and predictable, the application of correction factors allows abundance estimates.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone-to-Testosterone Ratio is Predictive of Positive Sperm Retrieval in Men with Idiopathic Non-Obstructive Azoospermia
Authors: Alfano Massimo , Ventimiglia Eugenio , Locatelli Irene , Capogrosso Paolo , Cazzaniga Walter , Pederzoli Filippo , Frego Nicola , Matloob Rayan , Saccà Antonino , Pagliardini Luca , Viganò Paola , Zerbi Pietro , Nebuloni Manuela , Pontillo Marina , Montorsi Francesco , Salonia Andrea 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe lack of clinically-reliable biomarkers makes impossible to predict sperm retrieval outcomes at testicular sperm extraction (TESE) in men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), resulting in up to 50% of unnecessary surgical interventions. Clinical data, hormonal profile and histological classification of testis parenchyma from 47 white-Caucasian idiopathic NOA (iNOA) men submitted to microdissection TESE (microTESE) were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses tested potential clinical predictors of positive sperm retrieval. The predictive accuracy of all variables was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic-derived area under the curve, and the clinical net benefit estimated by a decision-curve analysis (DCA). Overall, 23 (49%) and 24 (51%) patients were classified as positive and negative sperm retrievals at microTESE. While circulating hormones associated to a condition of primary hypogonadism did not predict sperm retrieval, levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and the ratio AMH-to-total Testosterone (AMH/tT) achieved independent predictor status for sperm retrieval at microTESE, with a predictive accuracy of 93% and 95%. Using cutoff values of <4.62 ng/ml for AMH and <1.02 for AMH/tT, positive sperm retrieval was predicted in all individuals, with 19 men out of 47 potentially spared from surgery. DCA findings demonstrated clinical net benefit using AMH and AMH/tT for patient selection at microTESE.
TRPV1-mediated Pharmacological Hypothermia Promotes Improved Functional Recovery Following Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Cao Zhijuan , Balasubramanian Adithya , Pedersen Steen E. , Romero Jonathan , Pautler Robia G. , Marrelli Sean P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHypothermia shows promise for stroke neuroprotection, but current cooling strategies cause undesirable side effects that limit their clinical applications. Increasing efforts have focused on pharmacological hypothermia as a treatment option for stroke. Previously, we showed that activation of a thermoregulatory ion channel, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), by dihydrocapsaicin (DHC) produces reliable hypothermia. In this study, we investigate the effects of TRPV1-mediated hypothermia by DHC on long-term ischemic stroke injury and functional outcome. Hypothermia initiated at 3.5 hours after stroke significantly reduced primary cortical injury. Interestingly, hypothermia by DHC also significantly reduced secondary thalamic injury, as DHC-treated stroke mice exhibited 53% smaller thalamic lesion size. DHC-treated stroke mice further demonstrated decreased neuronal loss and astrogliosis in the thalamus and less thalamic fiber loss by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Importantly, a single 8 hour treatment of hypothermia by DHC after stroke provided long-term improvement in functional outcome, as DHC-treated mice exhibited improved behavioral recovery at one month post-stroke. These findings indicate that TRPV1-mediated hypothermia is effective in reducing both primary cortical injury and remote secondary thalamic injury, and a single treatment can produce persistent effects on functional recovery. These data highlight the therapeutic potential for TRPV1 agonism for stroke treatment.
Frequency-specific genetic influence on inferior parietal lobule activation commonly observed during action observation and execution
Authors: Araki Toshihiko , Onishi Mai , Yanagisawa Takufumi , Hirata Masayuki , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Ogata Soshiro , Hayakawa Kazuo , Honda Chika , Watanabe Mikio , Iwatani Yoshinori , Yorifuji Shiro 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBrain activity relating to recognition of action varies among subjects. These differences have been hypothesised to originate from genetic and environmental factors although the extent of their effect remains unclear. Effects of these factors on brain activity during action recognition were evaluated by comparing magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals in twins. MEG signals of 20 pairs of elderly monozygotic twins and 11 pairs of elderly dizygotic twins were recorded while they observed finger movements and copied them. Beamformer and group statistical analyses were performed to evaluate spatiotemporal differences in cortical activities. Significant event-related desynchronisation (ERD) of the β band (13–25 Hz) at the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL) was observed for both action observation and execution. Moreover, β-band ERD at the left IPL during action observation was significantly better correlated among monozygotic twins compared to unrelated pairs (Z-test, p = 0.027). β-band ERD heritability at the left IPL was 67% in an ACE model. These results demonstrate that β-band ERD at the IPL, which is commonly observed during action recognition and execution, is affected by genetic rather than environmental factors. The effect of genetic factors on the cortical activity of action recognition may depend on anatomical location and frequency characteristics.
Exploring Feature Dimensions to Learn a New Policy in an Uninformed Reinforcement Learning Task
Authors: Choung Oh-hyeon , Lee Sang Wan , Jeong Yong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWhen making a choice with limited information, we explore new features through trial-and-error to learn how they are related. However, few studies have investigated exploratory behaviour when information is limited. In this study, we address, at both the behavioural and neural level, how, when, and why humans explore new feature dimensions to learn a new policy for choosing a state-space. We designed a novel multi-dimensional reinforcement learning task to encourage participants to explore and learn new features, then used a reinforcement learning algorithm to model policy exploration and learning behaviour. Our results provide the first evidence that, when humans explore new feature dimensions, their values are transferred from the previous policy to the new online (active) policy, as opposed to being learned from scratch. We further demonstrated that exploration may be regulated by the level of cognitive ambiguity, and that this process might be controlled by the frontopolar cortex. This opens up new possibilities of further understanding how humans explore new features in an open-space with limited information.
Association between Neuroticism and Emotional Face Processing
Authors: Klamer Silke , Schwarz Lena , Krüger Oliver , Koch Katharina , Erb Michael , Scheffler Klaus , Ethofer Thomas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNeuroticism is one of the “Big Five” personality factors and is characterized by a tendency to experience negative affect. We aimed to investigate how neuroticism influences the neural correlates for processing of emotional facial expressions. 68 healthy participants were presented with emotional dynamic facial stimuli, i.e. happy, neutral or angry, during functional MRI. Brain activations for the contrasts emotional vs. neutral, happy vs. neutral and angry vs. neutral were correlated with individuals’ neuroticism scores as obtained by the NEO Five Factor Inventory questionnaire and additionally investigated for gender differences. The bilateral medial temporal gyrus (MTG) was identified as key region in the processing of emotional faces and activations within this region correlated with individual neuroticism scores. Although female participants showed significantly stronger activation differences between emotional and neutral facial expressions in the left MTG, the correlation between activation and neuroticism scores did not show any significant gender differences. Our results offer for the first time a biological correlate within the face processing network for enhanced reactivity of neurotic individuals to emotional facial expressions which occurs similarly for both male and female participants.