bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The GTC exoplanet transit spectroscopy survey
Authors: Murgas F. , Pallé E. , Parviainen H. , Chen G. , Nortmann L. , Nowak G. , Cabrera-Lavers A. , Iro N. 
Published: July 2017

Context. Transiting planets offer an excellent opportunity for characterizing the atmospheres of extrasolar planets under very different conditions from those found in our solar system.
Aims. We are currently carrying out a ground-based survey to obtain the transmission spectra of several extrasolar planets using the 10 m Gran Telescopio Canarias. In this paper we investigate the extrasolar planet WASP-48b, a hot Jupiter orbiting around an F-type star with a period of 2.14 days.
Methods. We obtained long-slit optical spectroscopy of one transit of WASP-48b with the Optical System for Imaging and low-Intermediate-Resolution Integrated Spectroscopy (OSIRIS) spectrograph. We integrated the spectrum of WASP-48 and one reference star in several channels with different wavelength ranges, creating numerous color light curves of the transit. We fit analytic transit curves to the data taking into account the systematic effects present in the time series in an effort to measure the change of the planet-to-star radius ratio (Rp/Rs) across wavelength. The change in transit depth can be compared with atmosphere models to infer the presence of particular atomic or molecular compounds in the atmosphere of WASP-48b.
Results. After removing the transit model and systematic trends to the curves we reached precisions between 261 ppm and 455–755 ppm for the white and spectroscopic light curves, respectively. We obtained Rp/Rs uncertainty values between 0.8 × 10-3 and 1.5 × 10-3 for all the curves analyzed in this work. The measured transit depth for the curves made by integrating the wavelength range between 530 nm and 905 nm is in agreement with previous studies. We report a relatively flat transmission spectrum for WASP-48b with no statistical significant detection of atmospheric species, although the theoretical models that fit the data more closely include TiO and VO.
The Effect of Treated Overt Hypothyroidism on Outcomes in Twin Pregnancies
Authors: Fox Nathan , Saltzman Daniel , Rebarber Andrei , Gupta Simi , Rosner Jonathan 
Published: July 2017

Objective The objective of this study was to determine if treatment of overt hypothyroidism in twin pregnancies reduces adverse outcomes associated with overt hypothyroidism in pregnancy.
Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients who were presented with twin gestations between 2005 and 2013 to a single obstetrical practice. Patients who were diagnosed with overt hypothyroidism were identified. Patients were followed up with serial thyroid function tests and treated appropriately. Rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes were compared between patients with and without hypothyroidism with p < 0.05 used for significance.
Results In this study, 612 twin pregnancies were included; 85 patients were diagnosed with overt hypothyroidism. Patients with overt hypothyroidism were more likely to have had in vitro fertilization (78 vs. 62%; p < 0.01). After adjusting for confounding variables, patients with overt hypothyroidism had no increased risk of spontaneous preterm birth < 37 weeks' gestation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.833; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.498–1.393), intrauterine growth restriction (aOR: 0.720; 95% CI: 0.446–1.163), gestational diabetes (aOR: 0.812; 95% CI: 0.353–1.871), or composite adverse outcomes (aOR: 0.659; 95% CI 0.391–1.111) compared with patients who did not have overt hypothyroidism. There was a trend toward decreased hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (aOR: 0.470; 95% CI: 0.234–0.944).
Conclusion Our study shows that in twin gestations, there is no increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes between patients with treated overt hypothyroidism and those without overt hypothyroidism.
Cardiovascular and Autonomic Responses to a Maximal Exercise Test in Elite Youngsters
Authors: Blasco-Lafarga Cristina , Camarena Borja , Mateo-March Manuel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo analyze cardiovascular and autonomic responses in elite youngsters, 13 male cyclists (15.43±0.51 years) performed a graded-test until voluntary exhaustion. Oxygen consumption (VO2), blood lactate (BLa), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were collected, while heart rate (HR) was registered for heart rate variability (HRV) analyses, looking for linear and nonlinear comparisons. Cyclists reached maximal exertion [RPE: 19.14±0.94; BLa: 8.92±2.51 mmol.L−1; RER: 1.04±0.03; SaO2: 92.43±2.5%] and high-level performance (4.41±0.46 W·Kg−1; 60.77±6.87 ml·Kg·min−1) once over 95% of age-predicted HRmax. VO2 and RPE increased, and RR intervals (RRi) decreased (p<0.005), whereas only the short-term scaling exponent of the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis technique (DFA1) displayed similar adaptive changes regarding intensity (p=0.011). After controlling for W·Kg−1 and RRi, DFA1100% (0.260±0.084) showed large-negative correlations with VO2max (r=−0.83; p<0.05) and RPEmax (r=−0.79; p<0.05), suggesting a strong association between the reduction in self-similar properties of the cardiac signal and the capacity to elicit at maximum in youths. Overall-HRV (lnRMSSD) and short-term variability (lnSD1) did not show any association at maximum, or significant differences regarding intensity. DFA1 might reflect ANS-CNS linkage related to cardiac respiratory controls through exercise, becoming a complementary criterion for VO2max testing in youths.
Left Ventricular Adaptation to 12 Weeks of Indoor Cycling at the Gym in Untrained Females
Authors: Hedman Kristofer , Bjarnegård Niclas , Länne Toste 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCross-sectional studies provide evidence of larger cardiac dimensions and mass in endurance trained than in untrained females. Much less is known regarding adaptations in cardiac function following training in untrained subjects. We aimed to study left ventricular (LV) adaptation to indoor cycling in previously untrained females, in regard of LV dimensions, mass and function. 42 sedentary females were divided into 2 equally sized groups, either training indoor cycling at regular classes at a local gym for 12 weeks, in average 2.6 times per week, or maintaining their sedentary lifestyle. Echocardiography at rest and a maximal exercise test were performed before and after the intervention. Exercise capacity increased in average 16% in the exercise group (p<0.001), together with decreased heart rate at rest (p<0.05) and at 120 watts steady-state (p<0.001). There were no difference in systolic or diastolic function following the intervention and minimal increases in LV internal diameter in diastole (+1 mm, p<0.01). LV mass was unchanged with training (137±25 vs. 137±28 g, p=0.911). Our findings indicate that attending indoor cycling classes at a gym 2-to-3 times per week for 12 weeks is enough to improve exercise capacity, while a higher volume of training is required to elicit cardiac adaptations.
Exploring inter-constructional relations in the constructicon
Authors: Gonzálvez-García Francisco 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Drawing on a cursory contrastive analysis of (i) the reflexive subjective-transitive construction, (ii) the self-descriptive subjective transitive construction, and (iii) the What’s X doing Y? (WXDY) construction in English and Spanish, this chapter explores the feasibility of capturing intra- and inter-constructional generalizations. Specifically, all three constructions must encode a characterization in keeping with the inherent subjective meaning of the secondary predication frame. At a higher level of resolution, in the case of two prima facie distinct constructions such as those in (ii) and (iii), the state of affairs in question should involve a stage-level rather than individual-level construal. I suggest that a similarity in pragmatic function, viz. the subject/speaker’s judgment of a state of affairs as being unexpected or incongruous, may be the unifying factor binding them together in the constructicon.
The family of German dative constructions
Authors: De Knop Sabine , Mollica Fabio 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The chapter describes the variety of structures with datives in Valency Grammar and then in the framework of Goldberg’s Construction Grammar (1995; 2006). It addresses issues related to the semantic roles that can be expressed with dative objects, but also the difference between valency-dependent datives and free datives that appear in usage. The constructionist model offers new avenues for a unified description of constructions with datives, both for valency-dependent and free datives, and even for phraseologisms with a dative object. But German being a morphologically complex language, the constructionist model cannot do without describing the valency properties of the verbs in the constructions. Finally, the study provides evidence for the claim that constructions with a dative build a family.
The English conative as a family of constructions
Authors: Guerrero Medina Pilar 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This chapter aims to provide a constructionist usage-based analysis of English conative expressions, arguing that a family of related constructions is required to account for the semantico-pragmatic properties of the at-frame in English. Drawing mainly on Broccias’s (2001) and Perek and Lemmens’s (2010) analyses, I challenge Goldberg’s (1995) monosemic analysis of the conative construction, where the ‘directed action’ meaning remains invariable, highlighting the essential role played by the verb’s inherent lexical semantics in determining the specific constructional senses that can be subsumed under the rubric of conative uses. Three distinct configurations are posited: the allative at-construction, instantiated by non-resultative verbs (Tsunoda 1985), the ablative at-construction, instantiated by resultative verbs, and the directional at-construction, compatible with intransitive verbs of ‘visual perception’.
Barriers and facilitators to public access defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review
Authors: Smith Christopher M. , Lim Choi Keung Sarah N. , Khan Mohammed O. , Arvanitis Theodoros N. , Fothergill Rachael , Hartley-Sharpe Christopher , Wilson Mark H. , Perkins Gavin D. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Public access defibrillation initiatives make automated external defibrillators available to the public. This facilitates earlier defibrillation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims and could save many lives. It is currently only used for a minority of cases. The aim of this systematic review was to identify barriers and facilitators to public access defibrillation. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken defining formal search terms for a systematic review of the literature in March 2017. Studies were included if they considered reasons affecting the likelihood of public access defibrillation and presented original data. An electronic search strategy was devised searching MEDLINE and EMBASE, supplemented by bibliography and related-article searches. Given the low-quality and observational nature of the majority of articles, a narrative review was performed. Sixty-four articles were identified in the initial literature search. An additional four unique articles were identified from the electronic search strategies. The following themes were identified related to public access defibrillation: knowledge and awareness; willingness to use; acquisition and maintenance; availability and accessibility; training issues; registration and regulation; medicolegal issues; emergency medical services dispatch-assisted use of automated external defibrillators; automated external defibrillator-locator systems; demographic factors; other behavioural factors. In conclusion, several barriers and facilitators to public access defibrillation deployment were identified. However, the evidence is of very low quality and there is not enough information to inform changes in practice. This is an area in urgent need of further high-quality research if public access defibrillation is to be increased and more lives saved. PROSPERO registration number CRD42016035543.
The International Campaign to Create Ethical Bankers
Authors: Zaring David 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
The substance of international financial regulation has been created through informal standard setting among regulators acting through networks. This standard setting has frequently been concrete and specific, as the evolving international bank capital rules exemplify. But banking supervisors have recently turned their focus towards the creation of a global set of ethical standards for bankers, only vaguely defined at best. Regulators have emphasized the importance of ‘culture’ set by a ‘tone at the top’, though they have not yet explained what is required by the terms. This new focus of international financial regulation epitomizes the irreducibly informal nature of multinational standard setting, even in a global regime that has tried for precision. It also represents a commitment by financial regulators to cosmopolitanism: the effort to create consistent global ethical standards for financial institutions assumes away differences in industry structure and national cultures in the service of a vision of a consistent financial regulatory regime applied to banks and non-bank financial firms across the world.
Vancomycin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Adolescents Receiving Extended Infusion
Authors: Bio Laura L. , Nadeem Komal 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Because of concerns of red man syndrome, our institution increased standard vancomycin infusion duration to 90 minutes for 1000-mg doses and 120 minutes for 2000-mg doses. However, in children and adolescents, the dosing interval remained every 6 to 8 hours. The purpose of this pilot study was to identify the incidence of supratherapeutic vancomycin serum concentrations (VSCs) and nephrotoxicity with extended-infusion vancomycin (≥90 minutes). Of the 7 adolescents who received extended-infusion vancomycin, 1 (14.2%) experienced supratherapeutic VSC and nephrotoxicity. Extended-infusion vancomycin for red man syndrome should include assessment of the dosing interval and frequent VSC monitoring if a 6-hour interval is indicated.
A Comparison of Nephrotoxicity in Non–Intensive Care Unit Medical-Surgical Patients Receiving Vancomycin Alone Versus Vancomycin With Piperacillin-Tazobactam
Authors: Eberle Hannah , Rogers Maegan , Lee Marilyn , Hill David , Cross Sara 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundRecent studies have identified an increase in nephrotoxicty in patients receiving vancomycin plus piperacillin-tazobactam (PT) when compared with vancomycin monotherapy. To date, studies have evaluated all hospitalized patients or intensive care unit patients only. The purposes of this study were to examine the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients who received vancomycin either as monotherapy or with PT in a non–intensive care unit medical-surgical setting and to identify potential risk factors for the development of AKI.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients who received vancomycin either as monotherapy or in combination with PT for at least 48 hours. Patients were evaluated for development of AKI, defined as serum creatinine increase of 50% from baseline. Statistical analysis included demographic, univariate, and multivariable analyses.ResultsOne hundred eighty-nine patients met inclusion criteria. More patients in the vancomycin + PT group developed AKI than in the vancomycin monotherapy group (18.4% vs 5.6%,P= 0.008). After multivariable logistic regression of patients receiving vancomycin, PT, African American, and perioperative patients remained statistically associated with AKI. These risk factors gave odds ratios of 3.9, 3.8, and 4.0, respectively.ConclusionsPatients receiving PT in addition to vancomycin were more likely to develop AKI compared with those receiving vancomycin monotherapy. African American and perioperative patients may have a higher risk.
Lung Abscess Due to Aspergillus lentulus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Patient With Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
Authors: Ilieva Valeria , Thomas Elaine , Walraven Carla , Sutton Deanna A. , Wiederhold Nathan , Lee Samuel A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Aspergillus lentulus has been recognized within Aspergillus section Fumigati as a phenotypically similar but genetically distinct species, displaying reduced susceptibility to antifungal agents. It has been described as a cause of invasive aspergillosis in patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, solid organ transplant recipients, those on prolonged corticosteroid therapy, or in patients with structural lung disease including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. We report a case of successful treatment of probable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis due to A. lentulus and polymicrobial infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a patient with relapsing granulomatosis with polyangiitis and recent high-dose steroid therapy.
Is the rationale more important than deception? A randomized controlled trial of open-label placebo analgesia
Authors: Locher Cosima , Frey Nascimento Antje , Kirsch Irving , Kossowsky Joe , Meyer Andrea , Gaab Jens 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Research on open-label placebos questions whether deception is a necessary characteristic of placebo effects. Yet, comparisons between open-label and deceptive placebos (DPs) are lacking. We therefore assessed effects of open-label placebos and DPs in comparison with no treatment (NT) with a standardized experimental heat pain paradigm in a randomized controlled trial in healthy participants. Participants (N = 160) were randomly assigned to NT, open-label placebo without rationale (OPR-), open-label placebo with rationale (OPR+), and DP. We conducted baseline and posttreatment measurements of heat pain threshold and tolerance. Apart from the NT, all groups received an application of a placebo cream. Primary outcomes were planned comparisons of heat pain tolerance and the corresponding intensity and unpleasantness ratings. Objective posttreatment pain tolerance did not differ among groups. However, for subjective heat pain ratings at the posttreatment tolerance level, groups with a rationale (OPR+ and DP) reported diminished heat pain intensity (t(146) = −2.15, P = 0.033, d = 0.43) and unpleasantness ratings (t(146) = −2.43, P = 0.016, d = 0.49) compared with the OPR-group. Interestingly, the OPR+ and the DP groups did not significantly differ in heat pain intensity (t(146) = −1.10, P = 0.272) or unpleasantness ratings (t(146) = −0.05, P = 0.961) at the posttreatment tolerance level. Our findings reveal that placebos with a plausible rationale are more effective than without a rationale. Even more, open-label placebos did not significantly differ in their effects from DPs. Therefore, we question the ubiquitously assumed necessity of concealment in placebo administration.
Evaluation and Minimization of the Pseudohepatic Anisotropy Artifact in Liver Intravoxel Incoherent Motion
Authors: Wong Oi Lei , Goh Lo Gladys , Yuan Jing , Chung Wai Kit , Ho Wing Hung Benny , Noseworthy Michael D. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the pseudohepatic anisotropy artifact on liver intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) metrics and whether the use of multiple gradient directions in the IVIM acquisition minimizes the artifact.

Materials and Methods
Multiple breath-holding and forced shallow free-breathing IVIM scans were performed on 8 healthy volunteers using 1 and 6 gradient directions. Cluster analysis was carried out to separate motion-contaminated parenchyma from liver parenchyma and vessels. Nonlinear motion analysis was also performed to look for a possible link between IVIM metrics and nonlinear liver motion.

Results
On the basis of the resulted clusters, motion-contaminated parenchyma is often noted in the left liver lobe, where the prominent pseudohepatic artifact has previously been identified. A significant reduction in outliers was obtained with the acquisition of 6 noncoplanar gradient directions and when using forced shallow free-breathing.

Conclusion
The pseudohepatic anisotropy artifact can be minimized when using multiple diffusion-encoding gradient directions and forced free-breathing during IVIM acquisition.
Differentiating Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas From Glioblastomas and Inflammatory Demyelinating Pseudotumor Using Relative Minimum Apparent Diffusion Coefficients
Authors: Wen Jian-Bo , Huang Wei-Yuan , Xu Wei-Xing-Zi , Wu Gang , Geng Dao-Ying , Yin Bo 
Published: July 2017

Objective
Our purpose was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted imaging, the relative minimum apparent diffusion coefficient (rADCmin) in differentiating primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSLs) from glioblastomas (GBMs) and inflammatory demyelinating pseudotumors (IDPs).

Materials and Methods
Magnetic resonance images were reviewed retrospectively in 82 patients including 39 PCNSLs, 35 GBMs, and 8 IDPs. Regions of interest were drawn around the tumor on contrast-enhanced axial images; these images were transferred onto coregistered ADC maps to obtain the ADCmin, and the normalized ADCmin ratios (rADCmin) were calculated using the formula rADCmin = ADCmin of the lesion / ADCmin of the normal white matter. The rADCmin values were compared between PCNSLs, GBMs, and IDPs using the analysis of variance test. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of rADCmin values and to determine the optimum thresholds. Simple logistic regression was analyzed to evaluate the relationship between ADCs and tumor cellularity.

Results
The rADCmin value was significantly lower in PCNSLs (0.675 ± 0.113) than GBMs (0.765 ± 0.059) and IDPs (0.834 ± 0.067) (PCNSL vs GBM, P < 0.001; PCNSL vs IDP, P < 0.001). Relative ADCmin was a significant assessor for differentiating PCNSLs from non-PCNCLs (P < 0.001). The optimal cutoff value was 0.722 (sensitivity, 74.5%; specificity, 74.1%; area under the curve, 0.803) on receiver operating characteristic analysis. A stronger negative correlation (r = −0.755, P = 0.000) was obtained between the cytoplasm and rADCmin.

Conclusions
Relative ADCmin value is helpful in differentiating PCNSL from GBM and IDP. Thus, ADC values may provide a useful supplement to the information obtained from conventional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and assist in future treatment planning.