bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transparency and language contact in the nativization of relative clauses in New Englishes
Authors: Suárez-Gómez Cristina 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe present paper explores structural nativization in relative clauses in three varieties of English (India, Hong Kong, and Singapore Englishes). All three of these emerged as the consequence of British colonization, developed as varieties through educational systems, and are now consolidating as independent, linguistically different (local) prestige varieties. An analysis of comparable samples from the spoken component of theInternational Corpus of English(ICE) is carried out; in addition to the varieties mentioned above, data from ICE-GB are included for comparison. The analysis shows that certain features and structures predominate in specific varieties, and also illustrates constructions which are specific to the Asian varieties under investigation. These nativized relative clauses can be explained as cross-linguistic tendencies that go beyond the influence of the local language(s), and hence they are further analyzed in light of cognitive determinants of learning, which favor isomorphism and aim at maximizing transparency.
The Proto-Germanic irregular weak verbs of class I
Authors: Rombouts Stefan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper attempts to explain the origin and development of a subgroup of the Proto-Germanic weak verbs of class I (Gothicbugjan,waurkjan,þugkjan,þagkjan,sokjanandbrukjan). The core of this group consists of Proto-Indo-European zero-grade primary *-i̯e/opresents, which all developed aj-present, ablauting preterit and *-tó- participle in Early Proto-Germanic. In so doing, they came to violate the requirement that each ablauting verb must possess distinct present and preterit stems. With the introduction of a new preterit plural vowel in the ablaut model of classes V and VI, this problem was solved for the primary *-i̯e/opresents belonging to these. Owing to the dominance of the present tense within the strong paradigm, a remodelling of the preterit was also the preferred solution for the remaining verbs, and this was eventually found in the innovation of new weak forms through an analogy involving their *-tó- participle.
Scandinavian umlaut and contrastive feature hierarchies
Authors: Schalin Johan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWith the application of the Contrastive Hierarchy Theory, the contrastive features of preliterary Scandinavian vowels are here inferred from the interaction between targets and triggers for metaphonic fronting, rounding and breaking. One Proto-Scandinavian feature hierarchy is reconstructed for prominent syllables and another for non-prominent ones. The former hierarchy sustained contrasts that differed from the latter, including contrast for rounding and a preserved distinction between Pre-Germanic */i/ and */e/. A prominence system is reconstructed that predicts both the outcome of syncope and the distribution of the two vowel systems between syllables. The analysis neatly accounts for many notorious cruxes of umlaut and breaking that correlate with the prosodic position of the trigger, including the frequent absence ofi-umlaut in light syllables.
Accounting for water formation from hydrocarbon fuel combustion in life cycle analyses
Authors: Belmont E L , Davidson F T , Glazer Y R , Beagle E A , Webber M E 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Hydrocarbon fuel production and utilization are considered water intensive processes due to the high volumes of water used in source development and fuel processing. At the same time, there is significant water formed during combustion. However, this water is not currently widely harvested at the site of production. Instead, it is added to the hydrologic cycle, often in a different location from the fuel production site. This study quantifies the water formed from combustion of these fuels and analyzes the magnitudes of formation in the context of other hydrologic sources and sinks in order to facilitate future assessments of water harvesting technology and/or atmospheric impacts of combustion. Annual water formation from stoichiometric combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, including natural gas, oil- and natural gas liquid-derived products, and coal, in the United States and worldwide are presented and compared with quantities of water sequestered, evaporated, and stored in the atmosphere. Water production factors in terms of mass and energy of fuel consumed, WPFm and WPFe, respectively, are defined for the comparison of fuels and incorporation into future life cycle analyses (LCAs). Results show that water formation from combustion has increased worldwide from 2005 to 2015, with the largest increase coming from growth in combustion of natural gas. Water formation from combustion of hydrocarbon fuels equals or exceeds water sequestered from the hydrologic cycle through deep well injection in the US annually. Overall, water formation is deemed significant enough to warrant consideration by LCAs of water intensity in fuel production and use, and should be included in future analyses.
Security warning method and system for worker safety during live-line working
Authors: Jiang Chilong , Zou Dehua , Long Chenhai , Yang Miao , Zhang Zhanlong , Mei Daojun 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Live-line working is an essential part in the operations in an electric power system. Live-line workers are required to wear shielding clothing. Shielding clothing, however, acts as a closed environment for the human body. Working in a closed environment for a long time can change the physiological responses of the body and even endanger personal safety. According to the typical conditions of live-line working, this study synthesizes environmental factors related to shielding clothing and the physiological factors of the body to establish the heart rate variability index RMSSD and the comprehensive security warning index SWI. On the basis of both indices, this paper proposes a security warning method and system for the safety live-line workers. The system can monitor the real-time status of workers during live-line working to provide security warning and facilitate the effective safety supervision by the live operation center during actual live-line working.
QuASAR-MPRA: accurate allele-specific analysis for massively parallel reporter assays
Authors: Kalita Cynthia A , Moyerbrailean Gregory A , Brown Christopher , Wen Xiaoquan , Luca Francesca , Pique-Regi Roger 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMotivationThe majority of the human genome is composed of non-coding regions containing regulatory elements such as enhancers, which are crucial for controlling gene expression. Many variants associated with complex traits are in these regions, and may disrupt gene regulatory sequences. Consequently, it is important to not only identify true enhancers but also to test if a variant within an enhancer affects gene regulation. Recently, allele-specific analysis in high-throughput reporter assays, such as massively parallel reporter assays (MPRAs), have been used to functionally validate non-coding variants. However, we are still missing high-quality and robust data analysis tools for these datasets.ResultsWe have further developed our method for allele-specific analysis QuASAR (quantitative allele-specific analysis of reads) to analyze allele-specific signals in barcoded read counts data from MPRA. Using this approach, we can take into account the uncertainty on the original plasmid proportions, over-dispersion, and sequencing errors. The provided allelic skew estimate and its standard error also simplifies meta-analysis of replicate experiments. Additionally, we show that a beta-binomial distribution better models the variability present in the allelic imbalance of these synthetic reporters and results in a test that is statistically well calibrated under the null. Applying this approach to the MPRA data, we found 602 SNPs with significant (false discovery rate 10%) allele-specific regulatory function in LCLs. We also show that we can combine MPRA with QuASAR estimates to validate existing experimental and computational annotations of regulatory variants. Our study shows that with appropriate data analysis tools, we can improve the power to detect allelic effects in high-throughput reporter assays.Availability and implementationhttp://github.com/piquelab/QuASAR/tree/master/mpraSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available online at Bioinformatics.
TROVE: a user-friendly tool for visualizing and analyzing cancer hallmarks in signaling networks
Authors: Chua Huey Eng , Bhowmick Sourav S , Zheng Jie 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Summary
Cancer hallmarks, a concept that seeks to explain the complexity of cancer initiation and development, provide a new perspective of studying cancer signaling which could lead to a greater understanding of this complex disease. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is currently a lack of tools that support such hallmark-based study of the cancer signaling network, thereby impeding the gain of knowledge in this area. We present TROVE, an user-friendly software that facilitates hallmark annotation, visualization and analysis in cancer signaling networks. In particular, TROVE facilitates hallmark analysis specific to particular cancer types.

Availability and implementation
Available under the Eclipse Public License from: https://sites.google.com/site/cosbyntu/softwares/trove and https://github.com/trove2017/Trove.
Optical polarimetry of KIC 8462852 in 2017 May–August
Authors: Steele I A , Copperwheat C M , Jermak H E , Kennedy G M , Lamb G P 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We present optical polarimetry in the period of 2017 May–August of the enigmatic ‘dipping’ star KIC 8462852. During that period, three ∼1 per cent photometric dips were reported by other observers. We measured the average absolute polarization of the source, and find no excess or unusual polarization compared to a nearby comparison star. We place tight upper limits on any change in the degree of polarization of the source between epochs in-dip and out-of-dip of &lt;0.1 per cent (8500  Å) and &lt;0.2 per cent (7050  Å and 5300  Å). How our limits are interpreted depends on the specific model being considered. If the whole stellar disc were covered by material with an optical depth of ∼0.01, then the fractional polarization introduced by this material must be less than 10–20 per cent. While our non-detection does not constrain the comet scenario, it predicts that even modest amounts of dust that have properties similar to Solar system comets may be detectable. We note that the sensitivity of our method scales with the depth of the dip. Should a future ∼20 per cent photometric dip be observed (as was previously detected by Kepler), our method would constrain any induced polarization associated with any occulting material to 0.5–1.0 per cent.
Combined Gluteus and Pudendal Thigh Flap Reconstruction of Vaginal Defects following Robotic Abdominoperineal Resection
Authors: Dassoulas Kasandra R. , Hedrick Traci L. , Campbell Chris A. 
Published: September 2017

Summary:
Low-lying rectal cancers are being treated more frequently with robotic-assisted abdominoperineal resection, obviating the need for laparotomy and the ability to raise vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps. For female patients, posterior vaginectomy often accompanies the resection. Combined pudendal thigh flaps as an extension of bilateral gluteus advancement flaps allow for posterior vaginal resurfacing with thin pliable fasciocutaneous flaps, which rest on the gluteal flap soft-tissue bulk that obliterates the pelvic dead space. For patients with advanced cancers who have had neoadjuvant chemoradiation, the pudendal skin paddle can be planned more laterally to bring in healthier medial thigh skin. The donor incisions lie within the gluteal cleft and crease and groin creases recapitulating normal perineal anatomy and aesthetics.
Rate of Macular Ganglion Cell-inner Plexiform Layer Thinning in Glaucomatous Eyes With Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition
Authors: Lee Won June , Kim Young Kook , Kim Yong Woo , Jeoung Jin Wook , Kim Seok Hwan , Heo Jang Won , Yu Hyeong Gon , Park Ki Ho 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the rate of progressive macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thinning in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) who had been treated with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection for wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods:
This study was a retrospective modified case control study with fellow eye comparison. We enrolled bilateral OAG patients who had been treated with repeated anti-VEGF injections for unilateral wet AMD and followed-up on for a minimum of 24 months by Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography. The rate of macular GCIPL thinning was determined by linear regression of serial optical coherence tomography GCIPL thickness measurements over time. We compared the rate of macular GCIPL thinning between anti-VEGF-treated eyes and fellow untreated dry AMD eyes.

Results:
This study involved 32 OAG eyes of 16 subjects. The total follow-up period was 58.4±25.5 (24 to 98) months, and the mean number of anti-VEGF injections was 10.6±10.4 (3 to 40). The eyes with repeated anti-VEGF treatment differed significantly from their fellow eyes in the rate of GCIPL thinning (−2.95±3.58 vs. −0.77±0.95 µm/y, P=0.015). Also, multivariable regression analyses showed that anti-VEGF injection was significantly associated with the rate of GCIPL thinning (P=0.025).

Conclusions:
In subjects with bilateral OAG, the rate of GCIPL thinning is significantly faster in eyes treated with anti-VEGF injection for wet AMD than in untreated dry AMD fellow eyes. This finding suggests that in glaucomatous eyes, VEGF inhibition could play a role, at least in part, in progressive change of inner retinal layers.
Effects of Localized Cold Therapy on Pain in Postoperative Spinal Fusion Patients
Authors: Quinlan Patricia , Davis Jack , Fields Kara , Madamba Pia , Colman Lisa , Tinca Daniela , Cannon Drake Regina 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND:
Cold therapy used in the sports medicine settings has been found to be effective in reducing postoperative pain; however, there are limited studies that examine the effect of cold therapy on postoperative pain in patients with posterior lumbar spinal fusion.

PURPOSE:
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cold on postoperative spine pain and add to the body of knowledge specific to practical application of cold therapy in the spine surgery setting.

METHODS:
Researchers used a two-group randomized control design to evaluate the effects of local cold therapy on postoperative pain and analgesia use after lumbar spinal fusion surgery. The primary outcome was postoperative pain. Secondary outcomes included analgesia use and perceived benefit of cold therapy.

RESULTS:
The intervention (cold) group had a marginally greater reduction in mean Numerical Rating Scale score across all 12 pain checks (M ± SD = −1.1 ± 0.8 points reduction vs. −1.0 ± 0.8 points reduction, p = .589). On average, the intervention group used less morphine equivalents (M ± SD = 12.6 ± 31.5 vs. 23.7 ± 40.0) than the control group across pain checks seven to 12 (p = .042).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study provides additional evidence to support the use of cold therapy as an adjuvant pain management strategy to optimize pain control and reduce opioid consumption following spine fusion surgical procedures.
Barriers Impeding the Use of Non-pharmacological, Non-surgical Care in Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Selten Ellen M. H. , Vriezekolk Johanna E. , Nijhof Marc W. , Schers Henk J. , van der Meulen-Dilling Roelien G. , van der Laan Willemijn H. , Geenen Rinie , van den Ende Cornelia H. M. 
Published: September 2017

Background
Non-pharmacological, non-surgical treatment modalities are underused in the management of knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA). One possible explanation for this could be healthcare providers’ opinions about these treatment modalities. The objective of this qualitative study was to identify healthcare providers’ views on non-pharmacological, non-surgical care for OA.

Methods
Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 24 healthcare providers (rheumatologists, orthopedic surgeons, physical therapists and general practitioners) were held. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using a three-step thematic approach. Two independent researchers continuously reflected upon, compared, discussed, and adjusted the codings.

Results
Eight themes were identified reflecting three main barriers to the provision of non-pharmacological, non-surgical care: perceived lack of expertise of the healthcare provider (including a lack of knowledge and skills that are required to support patients), perceived lack of evidence-based treatment (regarding weight management, and the intensity and dosage of physical exercise), and suboptimal organization of care (including hampered dialogue between disciplines and lack of clarity about the roles and responsibilities of disciplines).

Conclusions
Healthcare providers report multiple barriers impeding non-pharmacological, non-surgical care for patients with knee and hip OA. To overcome these barriers, education focused on initiating and supporting lifestyle changes, promotion of interventions according to evidence-based recommendations, and improved organization of care are proposed.
The Effect of Lactoferrin and Pepsin-Treated Lactoferrin on IEC-6 Cell Damage Induced by Clostridium Difficile Toxin B
Authors: Otake Kosuke , Sato Norio , Kitaguchi Ayako , Irahara Takayuki , Murata Satoru , Shiraga Keiichiro , Ogawa Yuichi , Fujiwara Takahiro K. , Koike Kaoru , Yokota Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT

Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) have recently increased worldwide. Some CDI progress to fulminant and recurrent CDI and are associated with high mortality and morbidity. CD produces toxins A and B, which cause intestinal mucosal damage, although toxin B exhibits greater cytotoxicity. Pepsin-treated lactoferrin (PLF) is the decomposed product of lactoferrin (LF), a multifunctional glycoprotein with anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we investigate the effects of LF and PLF in toxin B-stimulated rat intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells. Different toxin B concentrations were added to IEC-6 cells with or without LF or PLF. Mitochondrial function and cell cytotoxicity were assessed by measuring WST-1 and LDH levels, respectively. WST-1 levels were higher in IEC-6 cells treated with toxin B and LF or PLF than in the toxin B-only control (P < 0.05). Compared with the toxin B-only control, LDH levels significantly decreased after toxin B and LF or PLF addition (P < 0.05). Wound restitution measurement using microscopy demonstrated significantly greater levels of wound restitution in cells treated with toxin B and LF or PLF than in those treated with toxin B alone after 12 h (P < 0.001). Furthermore, changes in IEC-6 cell tight junctions (TJs) were evaluated by immunofluorescence microscopy and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) protein expression. When LF or PLF were added to IEC-6 cells, TJ structures were maintained, and ZO-1 and occludin expression was upregulated. Taken together, these results demonstrate that LF and PLF prevent the cytotoxicity of toxin B and might have the potential to control CDI.
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Death in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Moreau Nicolas , Wittebole Xavier , Fleury Yvan , Forget Patrice , Laterre Pierre-François , Castanares-Zapatero Diego 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inflammation score recognized as associated with outcome. Although inflammation has been shown to correlate with the development of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), we sought to investigate the role of NLR in predicting 90-day mortality in cirrhotic patients experiencing ACLF. We performed a retrospective cohort study involving a total of 108 consecutive cirrhotic patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU). NLR, clinical and biological data were recorded. Of the total, 75 patients had ACLF. The 90-day mortality rate was 53%. ACLF patients displayed higher NLR values in comparison with cirrhotic patients without ACLF throughout the ICU stay. NLR proved more elevated in nonsurvivors ACLF patients, with mortality correlating with increasing quartiles of NLR. On multivariable Cox regression analysis, NLR was found to be a predictor of mortality along with the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and mechanical ventilation requirement. The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score was not predictive of 90-days mortality. Performance analysis revealed an area under curve of 0.71 [95% confidence interval: 0.59–0.82] regarding NLR capacity to predict 90-days mortality. When including NLR, SOFA score, and mechanical ventilation requirement into the final model, the area under curve was significantly higher (0.81 [95% confidence interval: 0.72–0.91]).
These findings suggest that NLR is associated with mortality in ACLF patients admitted to the ICU. Combining NLR, SOFA score, and the need for mechanical ventilation could be a useful prognostic tool to identify ACLF patients at a higher risk of mortality.
Mass loss and stellar superwinds
Authors: Vink Jorick S. 
Published: September 2017

Mass loss bridges the gap between massive stars and supernovae (SNe) in two major ways: (i) theoretically, it is the amount of mass lost that determines the mass of the star prior to explosion and (ii) observations of the circumstellar material around SNe may teach us the type of progenitor that made the SN. Here, I present the latest models and observations of mass loss from massive stars, both for canonical massive O stars, as well as very massive stars that show Wolf–Rayet type features.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Bridging the gap: from massive stars to supernovae’.
The mechanism(s) of core-collapse supernovae
Authors: Couch Sean M. 
Published: September 2017

Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are the explosions that attend the deaths of massive stars. Despite decades of research, several aspects of the mechanism that drives these explosions remain uncertain and the subjects of continued investigation. In this short review, I will give an overview of the CCSN mechanism and current research in the field. In particular, I will focus on recent results from three-dimensional simulations and the impact of turbulence and detailed non-spherical progenitor structure on CCSNe. This contribution is based on a talk given at the ‘Bridging the Gap’ workshop at Chicheley Hall on 2 June 2016.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Bridging the gap: from massive stars to supernovae’.
The virome ofDrosophila suzukii, an invasive pest of soft fruit
Authors: Medd Nathan C. , Fellous Simon , Waldron Fergal M. , Xuéreb Anne , Nakai Madoka , Cross Jerry V. , Obbard Darren J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDrosophila suzukii(Matsumura) is one of the most damaging and costly pests to invade temperate horticultural regions in recent history. Conventional control of this pest is challenging, and an environmentally benign microbial biopesticide is highly desirable. A thorough exploration of the pathogens infecting this pest is not only the first step on the road to the development of an effective biopesticide, but also provides a valuable comparative dataset for the study of viruses in the model familyDrosophilidae.Here we use a metatransciptomic approach to identify viruses infecting this fly in both its native (Japanese) and invasive (British and French) ranges. We describe 18 new RNA viruses, including members of the Picornavirales, Mononegavirales, Bunyavirales, Chuviruses,Nodaviridae, Tombusviridae, Reoviridae,and Nidovirales, and discuss their phylogenetic relationships with previously known viruses. We also detect 18 previously described viruses of otherDrosophilaspecies that appear to be associated withD. suzukiiin the wild.