bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and management of diaper dermatitis in infants with emphasis on skin microbiota in the diaper area
Authors: Šikić Pogačar Maja , Maver Uroš , Marčun Varda Nataša , Mičetić‐Turk Dušanka 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDiaper dermatitis is the most common inflammatory skin eruption within the diaper area in infants and toddlers. Although it rarely causes problems for prolonged periods of time, it causes considerable distress for both infants and parents. Diapered skin is exposed to friction, excessive hydration, varying pH, and is in constant contact with urine and feces, both of which are highly irritant to the skin. The three most common types of diaper dermatitis include chaffing dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, and diaper candidiasis. However, a variety of other skin conditions may manifest in the diaper area. Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus are most frequently isolated from the affected area and are thought to have a predominant role in diaper dermatitis. The review includes an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, and common skin microbiota in the diaper area. State‐of‐the‐art strategies for diagnosis, management, and prevention of diaper dermatitis are also included. Appropriate skin care can help in the prevention of diaper dermatitis and can aid the reparation of the skin. This review discusses common causes, skin microbiota within the diapered area, differential diagnosis, and finally possible prevention and treatment recommendations. Recent findings have proven that the key to efficient eradication of irritant diaper dermatitis lies in its prevention.
The Chalcedonian Logic of John Wesley's Christology
Authors: Graham David A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article addresses John Wesley's theology of the person of Jesus Christ. Against those who have discerned either a Monophysite or a Nestorian trajectory, it argues that Wesley's Christology as a whole conforms to a Chalcedonian grammar, displaying certain Alexandrian–Lutheran tendencies in particular. It does so in three stages. First, it examines Wesley's emphasis on Christ's divinity, his ostensible reservations about Christ's humanity, and his view of the hypostatic union in the context of dogmatic christological traditions. Second, it situates his christological emphases within his deistic ideological context. Finally, it briefly illuminates the connection between Wesley's thought on Christ's person and his theology of Christ's work.
Honey bee foraging induces upregulation of early growth response protein 1, hormone receptor 38 and candidate downstream genes of the ecdysteroid signalling pathway
Authors: Singh A. S. , Shah A. , Brockmann A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn honey bees, continuous foraging at an artificial feeder induced a sustained upregulation of the immediate early genes early growth response protein 1 (Egr‐1) and hormone receptor 38 (Hr38). This gene expression response was accompanied by an upregulation of several Egr‐1 candidate downstream genes: ecdysone receptor (EcR), dopamine/ecdysteroid receptor (DopEcR), dopamine decarboxylase and dopamine receptor 2. Hr38, EcR and DopEcR are components of the ecdysteroid signalling pathway, which is highly probably involved in learning and memory processes in honey bees and other insects. Time‐trained foragers still showed an upregulation of Egr‐1 when the feeder was presented at an earlier time of the day, suggesting that the genomic response is more dependent on the food reward than training time. However, presentation of the feeder at the training time without food was still capable of inducing a transient increase in Egr‐1 expression. Thus, learnt feeder cues, or even training time, probably affect Egr‐1 expression. In contrast, whole brain Egr‐1 expression changes did not differ between dancing and nondancing foragers. On the basis of our results we propose that food reward induced continuous foraging ultimately elicits a genomic response involving Egr‐1 and Hr38 and their downstream genes. Furthermore this genomic response is highly probably involved in foraging‐related learning and memory responses.
Impact of patient characteristics and treatment procedures on hospitalization cost and length of stay in Japanese patients with influenza: A structural equation modelling approach
Authors: Sruamsiri Rosarin , Ferchichi Sameh , Jamotte Aurélien , Toumi Mondher , Kubo Hiroshi , Mahlich Jörg 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesLittle is known about the economic burden of influenza‐related hospitalizations in Japan. This study sought to identify the factors that contribute to the total healthcare costs (THCs) associated with hospitalizations due to influenza in the Japanese population.Study designA retrospective cross‐sectional database analysis study.MethodsA structural equation modelling approach was used to analyse a nationwide Japanese hospital claims data. This study included inpatients with at least 1 confirmed diagnosis of influenza and with a hospital stay of at least 2 days, who were admitted between April 2014 and March 2015.ResultsA total of 5261 Japanese inpatients with a diagnosis of influenza were included in the final analysis. The elderly (≥65 years) and the young (≤15 years) comprised more than 85% of patients. The average length of stay (LOS) was 12.5 days, and the mean THC was 5402 US dollars (US$) per hospitalization. One additional hospital day increased the THC by 314 US$. Intensive care unit hospitalizations were linked to higher costs (+4957 US$) compared to regular hospitalizations. The biggest procedure‐related cost drivers, which were also impacted by LOS, were blood transfusions (+6477 US$), tube feedings (+3501 US$) and dialysis (+2992 US$).ConclusionsIn Japan, the economic burden due to influenza‐related hospitalizations for both children and the elderly is considerable and is further impacted by associated comorbidities, diagnostic tests and procedures that prolong the LOS.
Electrical and hydrogen reduction enhances kinetics in doped zirconia and ceria: II. Mapping electrode polarization and vacancy condensation in YSZ
Authors: Dong Yanhao , Chen I‐Wei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractKnowing the correlation between grain boundary mobility and oxygen potential in yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ), we have utilized the grain size as a microstructural marker to map local oxygen potential. Abrupt oxygen potential transition is established under a large current density and in thicker samples. Cathodically depressed oxygen potential can be easily triggered by poor electrode kinetics or in an oxygen‐lean environment. Widespread cavitation in the presence of highly reducing oxygen potential suggests oxygen vacancy condensation instead of oxygen bubble formation as commonly assumed for solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cells. These results also suggest electrode kinetics has a direct influence on the microstructure and properties of ceramics sintered under a large electric current.
Chemical expansion in BaZr0.9−xCexY0.1O3−δ(x= 0 and 0.2) upon hydration determined by high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction
Authors: Hudish Grant , Manerbino Anthony , Coors William G. , Ricote Sandrine 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the strain from chemical expansion of proton‐conducting ceramics is crucial to prevent their failure under operating conditions.BZY10 (BaZr0.9Y0.1O3−δ) andBZCY72 (BaZr0.7Ce0.2Y0.1O3−δ) were studied using high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction (HT‐XRD) in moist and dry reducing atmosphere in order to prevent the competition with the oxidation reaction. Both powder and dense specimens were investigated and similar lattice parameters were obtained, demonstrating that the data were recorded on samples that were in equilibrium with the surrounding environment. Two sets of experiments were performed. In the first one, the sample was hydrated in situ in theXRDchamber at high temperature and diffraction data were collected during cooling. For the second set, the samples were pre‐hydrated ex situ in an autoclave and theXRDpatterns were recorded during heating under dry conditions. As expected, lattice parameters were larger for the hydrated samples, due to hydration chemical expansion. The chemical expansion was also found to be larger with the presence of Ce. Finally, larger concentrations of protonic defects were present in the lattice of the ex situ pre‐hydrated samples compared with the in situ hydrated samples.
A systematic review of characteristics of couple‐based intervention studies addressing sexuality following cancer
Authors: Jonsdottir Jona Ingibjorg , Jonsdottir Helga , Klinke Marianne E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimTo describe the characteristics of couple‐based intervention studies that address sexuality following cancer.BackgroundSexuality‐related problems are common among cancer survivors and their partners.DesignSystematic literature review with a narrative summary of results.Data sourcesElectronic searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL and PsychINFO. We included studies published from 1 January 2009 ‐ 31 December 2016. Additional information was retrieved by scrutinizing reference lists, conducting citation tracking and contacting authors. We included all types of quantitative intervention studies published in the English language which contained outcome measures corresponding to the neo‐theoretical framework of sexuality—sexual function, sexual relationship and sexual self‐concept.Review MethodsOur review was guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute reviewer's manual. Data were extracted and appraised using the standardized checklists for quantitative studies. This assessment was conducted independently by two reviewers. A third reviewer was involved if consensus could not be reached.ResultsFourteen studies were included. Interventions were delivered face‐to‐face, by telephone or via the Internet. Sessions ranged from 1‐8, with a duration from 2‐22 weeks. Most studies offered ≥3 sessions. Interventions addressed unique concerns and/or provided general education. There was little agreement on the use of outcome measures. Most studies inadequately described fidelity to the study protocol and the training of interventionists.ConclusionThere was no clear consensus about how couple‐based interventions are best structured. The results provide tentative evidence for how the quality of future research studies can be improved and how knowledge can be used in clinical practice.
Meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of nursing discharge planning interventions for older inpatients discharged home
Authors: Mabire Cédric , Dwyer Andrew , Garnier Antoine , Pellet Joanie 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimTo determine the effectiveness of nursing discharge planning interventions on health‐related outcomes for older inpatients discharged home.BackgroundInadequate discharge planning for the ageing population poses significant challenges for health services. Effective discharge planning interventions have been examined in several studies, but little information is available on nursing interventions for older people. Despite the research published on the importance of discharge planning, the impact on patient's health outcomes still needs to be evaluated in practice.DesignSystematic review and meta‐analysis.Data SourcesA systematic search was undertaken across 13 databases to retrieve published and unpublished studies in English between 2000–2015.Review MethodsCritical appraisal, data extraction and meta‐analysis followed the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute.ResultsThirteen studies were included in the review, 2 of 13 were pilot studies and one had a pre‐post design. Included studies involved 3,964 participants with a median age of 77 years. Nurse discharge planning did not significantly reduce hospital readmission or quality of life, except readmission was lower across studies conducted in the USA. The overall effect score for nurse discharge planning on length of stay was statistically significant and positive.ConclusionNursing discharge planning is a complex intervention and difficult to evaluate. Findings suggest that nursing discharge planning for older inpatients discharged home increases the length of stay yet neither reduces readmission rate nor improves quality of life.
Fall and Rise: Normativity in Political Science Writing on the EU
Authors: Mcmahon Richard 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSociologists of science emphasize the crucial role of the day‐to‐day practices of scholars in defining academic disciplines and epistemological schools. Taking the case of EU Studies (EUS), this article examines the key practice of normative writing. I analyze the degree to which 70 highly‐cited journal articles of political science writing in EUS explicitly or implicitly suggest that European integration or its institutions or policies are bad or good, flourishing or declining. I use this discourse analysis, plus biographical data on the authors of texts, to explain a major temporal pattern. Degrees of normativity in EUS articles progressively declined from the 1970s until the millennium, but then subsequently recovered. Factors ‘external’ to scholarship, such as the progressive intensification of European integration and crises faced by the EU help explain this pattern. However they interacted in complex ways with ‘internal’ academic factors, such as generational replacement, ‘mainstreaming’ and rivalries between sub‐disciplinary and theoretical camps.
Characterizing selection in black‐throated blue warblers using a sexual network approach
Authors: Cramer E. R. A. , Kaiser S. A. , Webster M. S. , Sillett T.S. , Ryder T.B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOur understanding of trait evolution is built upon studies that examine the correlation between traits and fitness, most of which implicitly assume all individuals experience similar selective environments. However, accounting for differences in selective pressures, such as variation in the social environment, can advance our understanding of how selection shapes individual traits and subsequent fitness. In this study, we test whether variation in the social environment affects selection on individual phenotype. We apply a new sexual network framework to quantify each male's social environment as the mean body size of his primary competitors. We test for direct and social selection on male body size using a 10‐year data set on black‐throated blue warblers (Setophaga caerulescens), a territorial species for which body size is hypothesized to mediate competition for mates. We found that direct selection on body size was weak and nonsignificant, as was social selection via the body size of the males' competitors. Analysing both types of selection simultaneously allows us to firmly reject a role for body size in competitive interactions between males and subsequent male fitness in this population. We evaluate the application of the sexual network approach to empirical data and suggest that other phenotypic traits such as song characteristics and plumage may be more relevant than body size for male–male competition in this small passerine bird.
Evolution of precopulatory and post-copulatory strategies of inbreeding avoidance and associated polyandry
Authors: Duthie A. B. , Bocedi G. , Germain R. R. , Reid J. M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Inbreeding depression is widely hypothesized to drive adaptive evolution of precopulatory and post-copulatory mechanisms of inbreeding avoidance, which in turn are hypothesized to affect evolution of polyandry (i.e. female multiple mating). However, surprisingly little theory or modelling critically examines selection for precopulatory or post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, or both strategies, given evolutionary constraints and direct costs, or examines how evolution of inbreeding avoidance strategies might feed back to affect evolution of polyandry. Selection for post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, but not for precopulatory inbreeding avoidance, requires polyandry, whereas interactions between precopulatory and post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance might cause functional redundancy (i.e. ‘degeneracy’) potentially generating complex evolutionary dynamics among inbreeding strategies and polyandry. We used individual-based modelling to quantify evolution of interacting precopulatory and post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance and associated polyandry given strong inbreeding depression and different evolutionary constraints and direct costs. We found that evolution of post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance increased selection for initially rare polyandry and that evolution of a costly inbreeding avoidance strategy became negligible over time given a lower-cost alternative strategy. Further, fixed precopulatory inbreeding avoidance often completely precluded evolution of polyandry and hence post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance, but fixed post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance did not preclude evolution of precopulatory inbreeding avoidance. Evolution of inbreeding avoidance phenotypes and associated polyandry is therefore affected by evolutionary feedbacks and degeneracy. All else being equal, evolution of precopulatory inbreeding avoidance and resulting low polyandry is more likely when post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance is precluded or costly, and evolution of post-copulatory inbreeding avoidance greatly facilitates evolution of costly polyandry.
Development of techniques for determination of primary components of dental medicament paste mixtures for root canal treatment
Authors: Jarrett James , White Alan R. , Cresswell Sarah L. , Walsh Laurence J. , George Roy 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimsThe purpose of the present study was to develop techniques to evaluate and quantify the primary components of dental medicament paste mixtures for root canal treatment, and to evaluate if degradation of the primary components occurred during storage.MethodsThe first part of the study developed a mass spectrometry (MS) method for determination of best recovery process. For this process, analytical grades of triamcinolone acetonide, clindamycin HCl, and doxycycline hyclate were sourced and analyzed. This was followed by solid‐phase extraction (SPE) and an analysis of active components in dental pastes.ResultsBy utilizing the targeted analytical properties of multiple reaction monitoring MS methods, coupled with SPE technique, the active components of endodontic dental pastes could be quantified and compared. The developed methods showed consistency over multiple runs, with a high level of reproducibility. None of the active components of the tested pastes degraded over the periods of product life tested.ConclusionThe inactivation or destruction of any of the primary components of endodontic medicaments in storage, or when mixed with other pastes, could affect treatment outcomes. The present study provides a reliable technique for the analysis of the active components of root canal medicaments.
Cerebral blood flow in normal aging adults: cardiovascular determinants, clinical implications, and aerobic fitness
Authors: Tarumi Takashi , Zhang Rong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSenescence is a leading cause of mortality, disability, and non‐communicable chronic diseases in older adults. Mounting evidence indicates that the presence of cardiovascular disease and risk factors elevates the incidence of both vascular cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Age‐related declines in cardiovascular function may impair cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation, leading to the disruption of neuronal micro‐environmental homeostasis. The brain is the most metabolically active organ with limited intracellular energy storage and critically depends on CBF to sustain neuronal metabolism. In patients with AD, cerebral hypoperfusion, increased CBF pulsatility, and impaired blood pressure control during orthostatic stress have been reported, indicating exaggerated, age‐related decline in both cerebro‐ and cardiovascular function. Currently, AD lacks effective treatments; therefore, the development of preventive strategy is urgently needed. Regular aerobic exercise improves cardiovascular function, which in turn may lead to a better CBF regulation, thus reducing the dementia risk. In this review, we discuss the effects of aging on cardiovascular regulation of CBF and provide new insights into the vascular mechanisms of cognitive impairment and potential effects of aerobic exercise training on CBF regulation.
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This article is part of the Special Issue “Vascular Dementia”.
Efficacy and safety of a novel, soluble microneedle patch for the improvement of facial wrinkle
Authors: Hong Ji Yeon , Ko Eun Jung , Choi Sun Young , Li Kapsok , Kim A Reum , Park Jin O , Kim Beom Joon 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundVarious kinds of functional cosmetics are on the market, although there are a variety of opinions concerning the actual effect. Transdermal microneedle patch has been introduced as a newly developed device for drug delivery through the skin.ObjectiveThis study was conducted to verify the face skin improvement effect and safety of a novel cosmetic microneedle patch.MethodsA total of 84 Korean females finished this prospective clinical trial. The subjects were divided into 3 groups: (1) soluble hyaluronic acid (HA) microneedle patch alone, (2) soluble HA microneedle patch plus adenosine wrinkle cream, and (3) adenosine wrinkle cream alone. The treatments were applied to the crow's feet and nasolabial fold wrinkle for 12 weeks. The test areas were measured before treatment and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after use of the test product. At the completion of the testing period of the trial, the global assessment of efficacy and product preferences were surveyed from the subjects.ResultsCombination treatment with wrinkle cream and microneedle patch significantly improved Merz scale for crow's feet and nasolabial folds, compared to the sole application of wrinkle cream or patch. Measurement on the crow's feet showed an overall improvement in all 3 groups, yielding no significant differences among the groups. No serious adverse effects were observed during the follow‐up period.ConclusionCombination application of a soluble microneedle patch and wrinkle cream was an effective treatment in improving facial wrinkles, thus enhancing skin rejuvenation.
Sensitivity of aspiration as a safety test before injection of soft tissue fillers
Authors: Van Loghem Jani AJ , Fouché James J , Thuis Job 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundEmbolism due to accidental intra‐arterial injection of a soft tissue filler (STF) can lead to serious complications. Physicians practice aspiration as a safety test before injection to rule out intra‐arterial placement of the needle tip. The value of aspiration as a safety test is evaluated in this study, which also considered the rheological properties of different STFs and their needle dimensions.MethodsAspiration with eleven different needle sizes and 24 different STFs was performed using Ringer's lactate (RL) colored with blue skin marking ink and secondly an empty saline bag containing anticoagulated blood, both pressurized to 150 mm Hg to mimic arterial blood pressure. Time between the start of aspiration and liquid in the needle hub was recorded.ResultsA total of 340 individual aspiration tests with different STFs and needles were performed, of which 112 yielded true‐positive results within 1‐s and 128 yielded false‐negative results after 10 s. Positive results between one and ten seconds were seen in 101 aspiration tests.ConclusionsTrue‐positive results were seen in 33% of the tests performed with STFs within 1 s of aspiration. Aspiration test results are influenced by needle diameter, needle length, and rheological properties of STFs. Additional safety measures are necessary to further reduce risk of inadvertent intravascular injection of STFs.