bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radial Head Fractures Treated with Modular Metallic Radial Head Replacement
Authors: Marsh Jonathan P. , Grewal Ruby , Faber Kenneth J. , Drosdowech Darren S. , Athwal George S. , King Graham J.W. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Radial head arthroplasty is commonly used to treat acute unreconstructible radial head fractures. The purpose of this study was to report on the clinical and radiographic outcomes at a minimum follow-up of five years after radial head arthroplasty with a modular metallic implant for the treatment of acute radial head fractures.

Methods:
The cases of fifty-five patients with unreconstructible radial head fractures treated acutely with a smooth-stemmed modular metallic radial head implant were retrospectively reviewed. A wide variety of injuries, which ranged from isolated radial head fractures to so-called terrible triad injuries, were included. All patients returned for an interview, physical examination, and radiographic evaluation at a mean of eight years (range, five to fourteen years) postoperatively. Elbow and forearm motion, elbow strength, and grip strength were measured. Radiographs were evaluated, and validated patient-rated outcome questionnaires were completed. A longitudinal subgroup analysis was performed for thirty-three patients who were previously evaluated at two years postoperatively.

Results:
At a mean of 8.2 ± 2.9 years, the mean arc of flexion (and standard deviation) of the affected elbow was 11° ± 14° to 137° ± 15°. Elbow strength and motion were significantly diminished compared with the unaffected elbow (p < 0.05). The mean Mayo Elbow Performance Index (MEPI) was 91 ± 13 points. Twenty-five patients (45%) had stem lucencies; twenty-one (38%), ulnohumeral arthritis; and twenty (36%), heterotopic ossification, including one with radioulnar synostosis. Two patients underwent secondary elbow surgery, but no patient required implant removal or revision. In the subgroup evaluated longitudinally, there was a significant improvement in MEPI scores from the two-year to the eight-year follow-up (p = 0.012), with no loss of motion or strength (p > 0.05).

Conclusions:
The mid-term outcomes of radial head arthroplasty with a smooth-stemmed modular metallic prosthesis are comparable with previously reported short-term outcomes, with no evidence of functional deterioration. Radial head arthroplasty with a smooth-stemmed metallic modular implant is a good treatment option for patients with acute unreconstructible radial head fractures, and sustained clinical outcomes may be expected beyond five years of follow-up.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Rotational Dynamics of the Talus in a Normal Tibiotalar Joint as Shown by Weight-Bearing Computed Tomography
Authors: Lepojärvi Sannamari , Niinimäki Jaakko , Pakarinen Harri , Koskela Laura , Leskelä Hannu-Ville 
Published: April 2016

Background:
The aim of this study was to investigate the normal anatomy and rotational dynamics of the talus in the tibiotalar joint using weight-bearing cone-beam computed tomography (WBCT).

Methods:
In a cross-sectional study of thirty-two healthy subjects divided into two age groups (twenty-six to thirty-six years of age and sixty to sixty-four years of age), low-dose WBCT scans of both uninjured ankles were obtained. The rotation of the talus, medial clear space, anterior and posterior widths of the tibiotalar joint, translation of the talus, and talar tilt were measured. The primary outcome measures were intersubject and intrasubject (bilateral) variation of the talar movements between maximal internal and external rotation. The secondary outcome measures were the effect of sex and age on the movements of the talus.

Results:
When the ankle is rotated, the talus rotates a mean of 10° with no substantial widening of the medial clear space. All of the measured values changed subtly but statistically significantly between maximal internal and maximal external rotation, with mean changes of 10° (standard deviation [SD] = 5.8°) in talar rotation (p = 0.006), 2.0° (SD = 1.5°) in talar tilt (p = 0.0015), −0.2 mm (SD = 0.5 mm) in the medial clear space (p = 0.01), 0.9 mm (SD = 0.8 mm) in the anterior width of the tibiotalar joint (p = 0.003), −0.4 mm (SD = 0.9 mm) in the posterior width of the tibiotalar joint (p = 0.011), and 2.9 mm (SD = 2.2 mm) in translation of the talus (p = 0.002). Intersubject variation was large, but there was very little intrasubject variation in the total rotational range of motion. There were no differences between men and women with regard to any of the measurements.

Conclusions:
This study provides reference values with which to evaluate the dynamics of the normal tibiotalar joint in order to clarify rotational stability of the ankle mortise. The internal control of the contralateral ankle seems to be a better reference than population-based normal values.
Propionibacterium in Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Hsu Jason E. , Bumgarner Roger E. , Matsen Frederick A. 
Published: April 2016

➤ Propionibacterium is a slow-growing gram-positive rod that is part of the normal skin microbiome but can be found on culture of specimens from a large number of patients having revision shoulder arthroplasty performed for pain, stiffness, and component loosening.
➤ Propionibacterium infections do not present with obvious signs of infection, such as swelling, erythema, drainage, or tenderness, but rather are of the so-called stealth type, presenting with unexplained pain, stiffness, or component loosening months to years after the index arthroplasty.
➤ Not all propionibacteria are the same: certain subtypes of Propionibacterium are enriched with virulence factors that may enhance deep infection.
➤ Because propionibacteria typically reside in the pilosebaceous glands of the oily skin of the chest and back, standard surgical skin preparation solutions and even perioperative intravenous antibiotics are often inadequate at sterilizing the incision site; therefore, other prophylactic measures such as meticulous implant handling to avoid contact with dermal structures need to be considered.
➤ Recovery of Propionibacterium from the surgical wounds requires that multiple specimens for culture be taken from different areas of the shoulder to reduce sampling error, and cultures should be held for two weeks on multiple culture media.
➤ Future research efforts can be focused on reducing the risk of implant infection and point-of-care methods for identifying Propionibacterium infections.
Arthroscopic Management of the Stiff Shoulder
Authors: Karas Vasili , Riboh Jonathan C. , Garrigues Grant E. 
Published: April 2016

➢ Shoulder stiffness affects a diverse population of patients suffering a decrease in function and shoulder pain. Arthroscopic management of this debilitating spectrum of pathology is a safe and effective course of action in cases recalcitrant to nonoperative therapy.➢ Arthroscopic management of the stiff shoulder has been reported to be effective in the treatment of stiffness due to adhesive capsulitis, birth palsy, stiffness in the setting of rotator cuff tears, and osteoarthritis in the posttraumatic patient, in the postoperative patient, and in the throwing athlete.➢ Arthroscopic management is most effective in treating the stiff shoulder in the setting of adhesive capsulitis recalcitrant to nonoperative therapy or posttraumatic stiffness. Results are more guarded in the treatment of postoperative stiffness.➢ Excessive force and trauma to the shoulder, including fracture of the humerus, can be avoided with a 360° capsular release for shoulder stiffness rather than manipulation under anesthesia.
Performance of iron nano particles and bimetallic Ni/Fe nanoparticles in removal of amoxicillin trihydrate from synthetic wastewater
Authors: Yazdanbakhsh Ahmad Reza , Daraei Hasti , Rafiee Mohamad , Kamali Hosein 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In the present study, the degradation of amoxicillin trihydrate (AMT), using synthesized nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) and bimetallic Fe and Ni nanoparticles stabilized with chitosan (Cs-Fe/Ni), in water was investigated. A central composite design combined with response surface methodology and optimization was utilized for maximizing the AMT reduction by the nanoparticles–water system. The importance of the various variables and their interactions were analyzed using analysis of variance and t-test. The effects of independent parameters were tested and the results showed that the initial concentration of AMT, pH, and nanoparticles dosage were all significant factors. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy images indicated that chitosan acts as a stabilizer preventing the agglomeration of nanoparticles. Also, chitosan and Ni increased the specific surface area of Cs-Fe/Ni. X-ray diffraction confirmed the existence of Fe0 in fresh samples and the presence of Fe(II) and Fe(III) after the reaction with AMT. This study demonstrates that the nZVI technology could be a promising approach for antibiotic wastewater treatment.
Influence of Different Etchants on the Representation of Microstructures in Nickel Alloys
Authors: Speicher M. , Scheck R. , Maile K. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This work presents a comparison of selected nickel alloys of the same condition which were treated by means of specifically chosen etching techniques. Microstructures on microscope images of wrought Alloy 617, a casting variant of Alloy 625, a polycrystalline casting alloy IN-738 LC, as well as of a monocrystalline superalloy CM 247 LC SX, respectively, are juxtaposed and evaluated. This approach allows for a comprehensive optical microscopy characterization of the characteristic microstructural features.
Reception of Communicative Functions of Prosody in Hypokinetic Dysarthria due to Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Martens Heidi , Van Nuffelen Gwen , Wouters Kristien , De Bodt Marc 
Published: April 2016

Background: Mapping adequacy of receptive prosodic abilities in speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria due to Parkinson’s disease (PD) is useful, because therapy of disturbed production of prosody relies on adequate reception of prosody. There is evidence for a deficit of reception of emotional prosody in PD. Objective: The present study aims at presenting a comprehensive picture of the reception of various communicative functions of prosody in hypokinetic dysarthria due to PD. Methods: We assessed perception (using a discrimination task) and comprehension (using an identification task) of five communicative functions of Dutch prosody (lexical stress, boundary marking, focus, sentence mode, and emotional prosody) in a group of adults with hypokinetic dysarthria due to PD ( n = 22) and a gender and age matched group of unimpaired adults ( n = 22). We also investigated the relationship between age and global test score, and the effect of perception and comprehension subtest sequence on the global test score. Results: Between groups, no significant differences in receptive prosodic abilities were found. Within both groups, the comprehension subtest was significantly more difficult than the perception subtest, and there was a significant negative correlation between age and global test score. No subtest sequence effect could be demonstrated. Conclusions: Considering that the older speakers with hypokinetic dysarthria due to PD had receptive prosodic skills inferior to those of the younger speakers, notwithstanding apparently intact cognition and hearing, the findings suggest that age is a factor to be reckoned with in prosody assessment and management in this population.
Prevalence of Submandibular Gland Synucleinopathy in Parkinson’s Disease, Dementia with Lewy Bodies and other Lewy Body Disorders
Authors: Beach Thomas G. , Adler Charles H. , Serrano Geidy , Sue Lucia I. , Walker D.G. , Dugger Brittany N. , Shill Holly A. , Driver-Dunckley Erika , Caviness John N. , Intorcia Anthony , Filon Jessica , Scott Sarah , Garcia Angelica , Hoffman Brittany , Belden Christine M. , Davis Kathryn J. , Sabbagh Marwan N. ,   and the Arizona Parkinson’s Disease Consortium
Published: April 2016

Background: Clinical misdiagnosis, particularly at early disease stages, is a roadblock to finding new therapies for Lewy body disorders. Biopsy of a peripheral site might provide improved diagnostic accuracy. Previously, we reported, from both autopsy and needle biopsy, a high prevalence of submandibular gland synucleinopathy in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we report on an extension of these studies to subjects with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and other Lewy body disorders in 228 autopsied subjects from the Arizona Study of Aging and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Objective: To provide an estimate of the prevalence of histological synucleinopathy in the submandibular glands of subjects with PD and other Lewy body disorders. Methods: Submandibular gland sections from autopsied subjects were stained with an immunohistochemical method for α-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129. Included were 146 cases with CNS Lewy-type synucleinopathy (LTS), composed of 46 PD, 28 DLB, 14 incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD), 33 Alzheimer’s disease with Lewy bodies (ADLB) and 2 with progressive supranuclear palsy and Lewy bodies (PSPLB). Control subjects included 79 normal elderly, 15 AD, 12 PSP, 2 conticobasal degeneration (CBD) and 2 multiple system atrophy (MSA). Results: Submandibular gland LTS was found in 42/47 (89%) of the PD subjects, 20/28 (71%) DLB, 4/33 (12%) ADLB and 1/9 (11%) ILBD subjects but none of the 110 control subjects. Conclusions: These results provide support for further clinical trials of in vivo submandibular gland diagnostic biopsy for PD and DLB. An accurate peripheral biopsy diagnosis would assist subject selection for clinical trials and could also be used to verify other biomarkers.
Creative Thinking, Professional Artists, and Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Canesi Margherita , Rusconi Maria Luisa , Moroni Federica , Ranghetti Alessandra , Cereda Emanuele , Pezzoli Gianni 
Published: April 2016

Background: An increase in artistic-like production in Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been associated with compulsive and repetitive behaviours after the introduction of dopaminergic treatment (DT). Recent data suggest that it could be due to the emergence of artistic-like skills triggered by DT. Objective: In order to evaluate whether artistic production and creative thinking are influenced by DT or linked to artistic-like skills, we characterize creativity features in PD and healthy controls (HC) including professional artists. Methods: Three groups of PD out-patients were included consecutively: professional artists (PD-A), patients with (PD-C) and without artistic-like production (PD-NC). Twenty-four gender and age-matched HC were included: professional artists (HC-A) and non-artists (HC-NC). All patients were evaluated by means of a) a battery of neuropsychological tests and a semi-structured interview; b) the Abbreviated Torrance Test for Adults (ATTA) for creative thinking; c) the Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview (mMIDI) and a screening for impulse control disorders (ICDs) for compulsive behaviour. Results: ATTA total score was significantly higher in HC-A and PD-A than in the other groups. Although PD-NC showed the lowest ATTA total score the difference vs HC-NC was not significant. ATTA scores were not significantly correlated with DT dosage and duration. mMIDI tests were positive only in PD. There were no differences in ICDs among PD groups. Conclusions: Our results do not support a relationship between DT and the emergence of artistic creativity. We believe that DT may increase the drive to create and that further studies in “on” and “off” medication are needed to clarify this issue.
Multimodal Swallowing Evaluation with High-Resolution Manometry Reveals Subtle Swallowing Changes in Early and Mid-Stage Parkinson Disease
Authors: Jones Corinne A. , Ciucci Michelle R. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Parkinson disease (PD) has detrimental effects on swallowing function. Treatment options are largely behavioral; thus, patients would benefit from an earlier start to therapy. Early swallowing changes in PD are not well-known, so patients do not typically receive swallowing treatment until later in the progression of PD. Objective: We used predictive modeling to determine what quantitative swallowing variables best differentiate individuals with early to mid-stage PD from healthy controls. Methods: Participants included twenty-six individuals with early to mid-stage PD and 26 healthy, age- and sex-matched controls. Swallowing was evaluated by simultaneous high-resolution manometry and videofluoroscopy as well as the Sydney Swallow Questionnaire (SSQ). Binomial logistic regression was performed on 4 sets of data: 1) high-resolution manometry only; 2) videofluoroscopy only; 3) SSQ only; and 4) all data combined. Results: A model from a combined data set had the highest accuracy in differentiating individuals with PD from controls. The model included maximum pressure in the velopharynx (soft palate), pressure variability in the velopharynx, and the SSQ item concerning difficulty with swallowing saliva. No significant models could be generated using the videofluoroscopy data. Conclusions: Individuals with PD show quantitative changes in pressure generation and are able to self-assess aspects of swallowing function in the early and mid-stages of PD, even in the absence of swallowing changes seen on videofluoroscopy. A multimodal approach for the assessment of swallowing may be more accurate for determining subtle swallowing changes that occur in the early stages of PD.
An Efficient Procedure for Removal and Inactivation of Alpha-Synuclein Assemblies from Laboratory Materials
Authors: Bousset Luc , Brundin Patrik , Böckmann Anja , Meier Beat , Melki Ronald 
Published: April 2016

Background: Preformed α-synuclein fibrils seed the aggregation of soluble α-synuclein in cultured cells and in vivo. This, and other findings, has kindled the idea that α-synuclein fibrils possess prion-like properties. Objective: As α-synuclein fibrils should not be considered as innocuous, there is a need for decontamination and inactivation procedures for laboratory benches and non-disposable laboratory material. Methods: We assessed the effectiveness of different procedures designed to disassemble α-synuclein fibrils and reduce their infectivity. We examined different commercially available detergents to remove α-synuclein assemblies adsorbed on materials that are not disposable and that are most found in laboratories (e.g. plastic, glass, aluminum or stainless steel surfaces). Results: We show that methods designed to decrease PrP prion infectivity neither effectively remove α-synuclein assemblies adsorbed to different materials commonly used in the laboratory nor disassemble the fibrillar form of the protein with efficiency. In contrast, both commercial detergents and SDS detached α-synuclein assemblies from contaminated surfaces and disassembled the fibrils. Conclusions: We describe three cleaning procedures that effectively remove and disassemble α-synuclein seeds. The methods rely on the use of detergents that are compatible with most non-disposable tools in a laboratory. The procedures are easy to implement and significantly decrease any potential risks associated to handling α-synuclein assemblies.
Profile of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease: Surgical Candidates Compared to Controls
Authors: Lamberti Valérie M.J. , Pereira Bruno , Lhommée Eugénie , Bichon Amélie , Schmitt Emmanuelle , Pelissier Pierre , Kistner Andrea , Fraix Valérie , Castrioto Anna , Esselink Rianne A. J. , Durif Frank , Krack Paul 
Published: April 2016

Background: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) improves motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and motor complications of dopaminergic treatment. Whether STN-DBS should be considered when PD patients experience neuropsychiatric symptoms is controversial. Lack of systematic behavioral evaluation at baseline hampers the understanding of postoperative neuropsychiatric outcomes. Objective: This study compares the behavioral profile of a surgical population to that in general PD. Methods: Single center data from 234 PD surgical candidates were compared to data from 260 non-demented PD patients consulting in 13 PD expert centers at different stages of disease. The latter were considered representative of the general PD population. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were assessed using the Ardouin Scale of Behavior in PD, a guided interview quantifying changes in severity of 21 neuropsychiatric symptoms, classified into psychic non-motor fluctuations, hypo- and hyperdopaminergic behaviors. Multivariate analyses were performed to study differences in behavioral items between the two groups. Results: Surgical candidates were younger, had longer disease duration and used significantly higher doses of dopaminergic drugs. After adjustment for covariates, dopaminergic addiction (OR 10.83; p = 0.002), nocturnal hyperactivity (OR 1.87; p = 0.04), excessive hobbyism (OR 2.37; p = 0.008), “excess in motivation” (OR 4.02; p <  0.001), psychic OFF (2.87; p <  0.001) and psychic ON (2.10; p = 0.001) fluctuations were more frequent in the surgical candidates. Depressed mood prevailed in the general PD population (OR 0.53; p = 0.045). Conclusion: Behavioral complications of dopaminergic treatment are frequent in PD patients candidates for STN-DBS. They cannot be considered as contraindications for STN-DBS but must be taken into account in postoperative management.
Safinamide as Add-On Therapy to Levodopa in Mid- to Late-Stage Parkinson’s Disease Fluctuating Patients: Post hoc Analysesof Studies 016 and SETTLE
Authors: Cattaneo Carlo , Sardina Marco , Bonizzoni Ermino 
Published: April 2016

Background: Studies 016 and SETTLE showed that safinamide was safe and effective as adjunct therapy in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) and motor fluctuations. The addition of safinamide to a stable dose of levodopa alone or with other antiparkinsonian medications significantly increased ON time with no/non-troublesome dyskinesia, decreased OFF time and improved Parkinson’s symptoms. Objective: To evaluate the clinical effects of safinamide 100 mg/day on motor fluctuations and cardinal Parkinson’s symptoms in specific patient subgroups using pooled data from Studies 016 and SETTLE. Methods: Both studies were double blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, phase 3 trials which enrolled patients with mid- to late-stage PD experiencing motor fluctuations while receiving optimized and stable doses of levodopa, alone or with other dopaminergic treatments. The present post-hoc analyses assessed the change from baseline in ON time (with no or non-troublesome dyskinesia) and OFF time in subgroups of patients who were receiving only levodopa at baseline, who were classified as “mild fluctuators” (daily OFF time ≤4 h), and who were receiving concomitant dopaminergic therapy, with or without amantadine, and the effects of safinamide versus placebo on individual cardinal PD symptoms during ON time. Results: Safinamide significantly increased mean ON time (with no or non-troublesome dyskinesia) and reduced mean OFF time when used as first adjunct therapy in levodopa-treated patients and patients with mild motor fluctuations. Mean daily ON time (with no or non-troublesome dyskinesia) and OFF time were favorably changed, compared with placebo, to similar extents regardless of whether patients were receiving concomitant dopamine agonists, catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors and amantadine. Additionally, safinamide improved bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor and gait. Conclusions: Safinamide was a safe and effective first adjunct therapy in levodopa-treated patients and improved 4/5 cardinal symptoms of PD while providing benefits to mild and non-mild fluctuators and patients receiving other concomitant dopaminergic therapies.