bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surveillance of intramedullary cartilage tumours in long bones
Authors: Sampath Kumar V. , Tyrrell P. N. M. , Singh J. , Gregory J. , Cribb G. L. , Cool P. 
Published: November 2016

Aims The purpose of this study was to determine if clinical and radiological surveillance of cartilage tumours with low biological activity is appropriate. Patients and Methods A total of 98 patients with an intramedullary cartilage neoplasm in a long bone met our inclusion criteria and were included in the study. These patients had undergone a total of 384 scans. Patients with radiological follow-up of more than three years (46 patients) were divided into two groups: an active group (11 patients) and a latent group (35 patients). Results Active lesions had a total growth in all three planes that was > 6 mm, whilst latent lesions had < 6 mm of growth. Most latent lesions were heavily calcified: active lesions were calcified less than 50% (p = 0.025). Conclusion Clinico-radiological surveillance can identify growing cartilage lesions: MRI is the surveillance modality of choice. A CT scan is recommended, in addition, at presentation to assess the amount of calcification within the lesion. A first follow-up MRI is suggested one year from diagnosis. If the total growth in the cartilage lesion is > 6 mm, surgical treatment should be considered. Otherwise, a second surveillance scan can be performed at three years to determine further management. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1542–7.
Can blood metal ion levels be used to identify patients with bilateral Birmingham Hip Resurfacings who are at risk of adverse reactions to metal debris?
Authors: Matharu G. S. , Berryman F. , Brash L. , Pynsent P. B. , Dunlop D. J. , Treacy R. B. C. 
Published: November 2016

Aims We investigated whether blood metal ion levels could effectively identify patients with bilateral Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (BHR) implants who have adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD). Patients and Methods Metal ion levels in whole blood were measured in 185 patients with bilateral BHRs. Patients were divided into those with ARMD who either had undergone a revision for ARMD or had ARMD on imaging (n = 30), and those without ARMD (n = 155). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to determine the optimal thresholds of blood metal ion levels for identifying patients with ARMD. Results The maximum level of cobalt or chromium ions in the blood was the parameter which produced the highest area under the curve (91.0%). The optimal threshold for distinguishing between patients with and without ARMD was 5.5 µg/l (83.3% sensitivity, 88.4% specificity, 58.1% positive and 96.5% negative predictive values). Similar results were obtained in a subgroup of 111 patients who all underwent cross-sectional imaging. Between 3.2% and 4.3% of patients with ARMD were missed if United Kingdom (7 µg/l) and United States (10 µg/l) authority thresholds were used respectively, compared with 2.7% if our implant specific threshold was used, though these differences did not reach statistical significance (p ≥ 0.248). Conclusion Patients with bilateral BHRs who have blood metal ion levels below our implant specific threshold were at low-risk of having ARMD. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1455–62.
The monitoring of activity at home after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Toogood P. A. , Abdel M. P. , Spear J. A. , Cook S. M. , Cook D. J. , Taunton M. J. 
Published: November 2016

AimsTotal hip arthroplasty (THA) has well known subjective benefits, but little is known objectively about the recovery of mobility in the early post-operative period.Patients and MethodsA total of 33 patients aged > 60 years who underwent elective primary THA had their activity monitored for 30 days post-operatively using an at-home (Fitbit) ankle accelerometer. Their mean age was 70.7 years (61 to 86); 15 (45.5%) were female. The rate of compliance and the mean level of activity were determined. Comparisons between subgroups based on age, body mass index (BMI), surgical approach, and the destination of the patients when discharged were also performed.ResultsThe mean compliance over the 30 days was 26.7 days (16 to 30; 89%) of use. The mean number of steps increased from 235 (5 to 1152) to 2563 (87 to 7280) (p < 0.001) between the first and the 30th post-operative day. Age < 70 years and an anterior surgical approach were significantly associated with higher levels of activity (1600 to 2400 (p = 0.016 to 0.031) and 1000 to 1800 (p = 0.017 to 0.037) more steps per day, respectively) between the second and the fourth week post-operatively. There was also a trend towards higher levels of activity in those who were discharged to their home rather than to a nursing facility (a mean of 1500 more steps per day, p = 0.02). BMI greater or less than 30 kg/m2was not predictive of activity (p = 0.45 to 0.98).ConclusionAt-home remote mobility monitoring using existing commercially available technology is feasible in patients who have undergone THA. It showed a clear trend towards increased activity with the passage of time. Additionally, the remote device was able to detect differences in levels of activity clearly between patients in relation to variables of interest including age, BMI, surgical approach, and the destination of the patient at the time of discharge from hospital. Such monitoring may allow for the early identification and targeted intervention in patients who recover slowly. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1450–4.
Randomised sham-controlled double-blind multicentre clinical trial to ascertain the effect of percutaneous radiofrequency treatment for lumbar facet joint pain
Authors: van Tilburg C. W. J. , Stronks D. L. , Groeneweg J. G. , Huygen F. J. P. M. 
Published: November 2016

Aims The aim of this study was to compare the effect of a percutaneous radiofrequency heat lesion at the medial branch of the primary dorsal ramus with a sham procedure, for the treatment of lumbar facet joint pain. Patients and Methods A randomised sham-controlled double blind multicentre trial was carried out at the multidisciplinary pain centres of two hospitals. A total of 60 patients aged > 18 years with a history and physical examination suggestive of facet joint pain and a decrease of ≥ 2 on a numerical rating scale (NRS 0 to 10) after a diagnostic facet joint test block were included. In the treatment group, a percutaneous radiofrequency heat lesion (80oC during 60 seconds per level) was applied to the medial branch of the primary dorsal ramus. In the sham group, the same procedure was undertaken without for the radiofrequency lesion. Both groups also received a graded activity physiotherapy programme. The primary outcome measure was decrease in pain. A secondary outcome measure was the Global Perceived Effect scale (GPE). Results There was a statistically significant effect on the level of pain in the factor Period (T0-T1). However, there was no statistically significant difference with the passage of time between the groups (Group × Period) or in the factor Group. In the crossover group, 11 of 19 patients had a decrease in NRS of ≥ 2 at one month crossover (p = 0.65). There was no statistically significant difference in satisfaction with the passage of time between the groups (Group × Period). The independent factors Group and Period also showed no statistically significant difference. There was no statistically significant Group × Period effect for recovery, neither an effect of Group or of Period. Conclusion The null hypothesis of no difference in the decrease in pain and in GPE between the treatment and sham groups cannot be rejected. Post hoc analysis revealed that the age of the patients and the severity of the initial pain significantly predicted a positive outcome. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1526–33.
A Comparative Study of Sociability in Angelman, Cornelia de Lange, Fragile X, Down and Rubinstein Taybi Syndromes and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Moss Joanna , Nelson Lisa , Powis Laurie , Waite Jane , Richards Caroline , Oliver Chris 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Few comparative studies have evaluated the heterogeneity of sociability across a range of neurodevelopmental disorders. The Sociability Questionnaire for People with Intellectual Disability (SQID) was completed by caregivers of individuals with Cornelia de Lange (n = 98), Angelman (n = 66), Fragile X (n = 142), Down (n = 117) and Rubinstein Taybi (n = 88) syndromes and autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 107). Between groups and age-band (&lt;12yrs; 12–18yrs; &gt;18yrs) comparisons of SQID scores were conducted. Rates of behaviors indicative of selective mutism were also examined. Fragile X syndrome achieved the lowest SQID scores. Cornelia de Lange, ASD, and Fragile X groups scored significantly lower than Angelman, Down and Rubinstein Taybi groups. Selective mutism characteristics were highest in Cornelia de Lange (40%) followed by Fragile X (17.8%) and ASD (18.2%). Age-band differences were identified in Cornelia de Lange and Down syndrome.
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders Among Children With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Tonnsen Bridgette L. , Boan Andrea D. , Bradley Catherine C. , Charles Jane , Cohen Amy , Carpenter Laura A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often co-occur with intellectual disability (ID) and are associated with poorer psychosocial and family-related outcomes than ID alone. The present study examined the prevalence, stability, and characteristics of ASD estimates in 2,208 children with ASD and ID identified through the South Carolina Autism and Developmental Disabilities Network. The prevalence of ASD in ID was 18.04%, relative to ASD rates of 0.60%–1.11% reported in the general South Carolina population. Compared to children with ASD alone, those with comorbid ID exhibited increased symptom severity and distinct DSM-IV-TR profiles. Further work is needed to determine whether current screening, diagnostic, and treatment practices adequately address the unique needs of children and families affected by comorbid ASD and ID diagnoses.
Construct Validation of the Supports Intensity Scale – Children and Adult Versions: An Application of a Pseudo Multitrait-Multimethod Approach
Authors: Seo Hyojeong , Shogren Karrie A. , Little Todd D. , Thompson James R. , Wehmeyer Michael L. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This study examined the convergent validity of the Supports Intensity Scale – Adult Version (SIS-A; Thompson et al., 2015a) and Supports Intensity Scale – Children's Version (SIS-C; Thompson et al., 2016a). Data from SISOnline (n = 129,864) for the SIS-A and from the SIS-C standardization sample (n = 4,015) were used for analyses. Using a pseudo multitrait-multimethod model, we estimated observed support needs scores as shared trait (support needs concept) and method (type, frequency, and daily support time) variances. Overall, trait variances more strongly influenced support needs scores than method variances, supporting the convergent validity of both versions of SIS. Findings also suggested that each of three methods of measuring support needs uniquely contributed to observed support needs ratings although different patterns existed between the SIS-A and SIS-C.
William Butler Yeats y Lennox Robinson ante el drama irlandés de crítica social: el cisne a la sombra del león
Authors: Osuna Osuna Teresa 
Published: November 2016

Este artículo, que sigue el formato de una obra teatral estructurada en tres actos a modo de introducción, nudo y desenlace, tiene el fin de presentar el talento creador de dos personalidades imprescindibles para el Abbey Theatre en el contexto del drama de crítica social de la Irlanda de principios del siglo xx: William Butler Yeats y Lennox Robinson. El primero llega a la cima en el género de la poesía, percibiéndose y mitificándose su ingenio y su figura de tal forma que eclipsará al segundo durante el periodo que dura su estrecha relación. Ambos se convertirán en dos figuras dependientes la una de la otra, y uno de ellos permanecerá a la sombra del otro en la absoluta entrega de ambos a su teatro. Lennox Robinson finalmente introducirá en el Abbey Theatre la escuela del realismo, impulsada con éxito en el Continente por el dramaturgo noruego Henrik Ibsen. El recorrido por sus obras materializa la impronta realista de Robinson en el Abbey como oposición a la huella de Yeats, colocándose aquél a la vanguardia con sus dramas de crítica social y sus comedias satíricas, que supondrán su culminación como dramaturgo y su reconocimiento final, por parte de Yeats y de sus contemporáneos, como «Man of the Theatre».
dmapply
Authors: Ma Edward , Gupta Vishrut , Hsu Meichun , Roy Indrajit 
Published: November 2016

Due to R's popularity as a data-mining tool, many distributed systems expose an R-based API to users who need to build a distributed application in R. As a result, data scientists have to learn to use different interfaces such as RHadoop, SparkR, Revolution R's ScaleR, and HPE's Distributed R. Unfortunately, these interfaces are custom, non-standard, and difficult to learn. Not surprisingly, R applications written in one framework do not work in another, and each backend infrastructure has spent redundant effort in implementing distributed machine learning algorithms.
Working with the members of R-core, we have created ddR (Distributed Data structures in R), a unified system that works across different distributed frameworks. In ddR, we introduce a novel programming primitive called dmapply that executes functions on distributed data structures. The dmapply primitive encapsulates different computation patterns: from function and data broadcast to pair-wise communication. We show that dmapply is powerful enough to express algorithms that fit the statistical query model, which includes many popular machine learning algorithms, as well as applications written in MapReduce. We have integrated ddR with many backends, such as R's single-node parallel framework, multi-node SNOW framework, Spark, and HPE Distributed R, with few or no modifications to any of these systems. We have also implemented multiple machine learning algorithms which are not only portable across different distributed systems, but also have performance comparable to the "native" implementations on the backends. We believe that ddR will standardize distributed computing in R, just like the SQL interface has standardized how relational data is manipulated.
Nitro
Authors: Lakshman Sarath , Melkote Sriram , Liang John , Mayuram Ravi 
Published: November 2016

We present Nitro, a high-performance in-memory key-value storage engine used in Couchbase 4.5 Global Secondary Indexes. The Nitro storage engine is well suited for the recent hardware trends like large amounts of memory and many CPU cores. The storage engine leverages latch-free data structures and tries to achieve linear scalability for the index read-write operations. The Nitro storage engine offers concurrent readers and writers, lightweight database snapshots, stable scan, backup and recovery operations.
We integrated Nitro into the Couchbase Global Secondary Indexes (GSI) and observed significant improvement in performance compared to our disk oriented storage engine configured with the same amount of memory for buffer cache. On a 32 core machine, we observed an end-to-end GSI server insertion throughput of 1,650,000 entries/sec and index update throughput of 822,000 entries/sec. A single instance of Nitro data structure running on a 40 core machine achieved a peak insertion throughput of 4 million index entries/sec and entry lookup throughput of 10 million lookups/sec.
Sapphire
Authors: El-Roby Ahmed , Ammar Khaled , Aboulnaga Ashraf , Lin Jimmy 
Published: November 2016

There is currently a large amount of publicly accessible structured data available as RDF data sets. For example, the Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud now consists of thousands of RDF data sets with over 30 billion triples, and the number and size of the data sets is continuously growing. Many of the data sets in the LOD cloud provide public SPARQL endpoints to allow issuing queries over them. These end-points enable users to retrieve data using precise and highly expressive SPARQL queries. However, in order to do so, the user must have sufficient knowledge about the data sets that she wishes to query, that is, the structure of data, the vocabulary used within the data set, the exact values of literals, their data types, etc. Thus, while SPARQL is powerful, it is not easy to use. An alternative to SPARQL that does not require as much prior knowledge of the data is some form of keyword search over the structured data. Keyword search queries are easy to use, but inherently ambiguous in describing structured queries.
This demonstration introduces Sapphire, a system for querying RDF data that strikes a middle ground between ambiguous keyword search and difficult-to-use SPARQL. Our system does not replace either, but utilizes both where they are most effective. Sapphire helps the user construct expressive SPARQL queries that represent her information needs without requiring detailed knowledge about the queried data sets. These queries are then executed over public SPARQL endpoints from the LOD cloud. Sapphire guides the user in the query writing process by showing suggestions of query terms based on the queried data, and by recommending changes to the query based on a predictive user model.
December
Authors: Amsterdamer Yael , Milo Tova , Somech Amit , Youngmann Brit 
Published: November 2016

Adequate crowd selection is an important factor in the success of crowdsourcing platforms, increasing the quality and relevance of crowd answers and their performance in different tasks. The optimal crowd selection can greatly vary depending on properties of the crowd and of the task. To this end, we present December, a declarative platform with novel capabilities for flexible crowd selection. December supports the personalized selection of crowd members via a dedicated query language Member-QL. This language enables specifying and combining common crowd selection criteria such as properties of a crowd member's profile and history, similarity between profiles in specific aspects and relevance of the member to a given task. This holistic, customizable approach differs from previous work that has mostly focused on dedicated algorithms for crowd selection in specific settings. To allow efficient query execution, we implement novel algorithms in December based on our generic, semantically-aware definitions of crowd member similarity and expertise.
We demonstrate the effectiveness of December and Member-QL by using the VLDB community as crowd members and allowing conference participants to choose from among these members for different purposes and in different contexts.
Human factors in crowdsourcing
Authors: Amer-Yahia Sihem , Roy Senjuti Basu 
Published: November 2016

Today, crowdsourcing is used to "taskify" any job ranging from simple receipt transcription to collaborative editing, fan-subbing, citizen science, and citizen journalism. The crowd is typically volatile, its arrival and departure asynchronous, and its levels of attention and accuracy diverse. Tasks vary in complexity and may necessitate the participation of workers with varying degrees of expertise. Sometimes, workers need to collaborate explicitly and build on each other's contributions to complete a single task. For example, in disaster reporting, CrowdMap allows geographically closed people with diverse and complementary skills, to work together to report details about the course of a typhoon or the aftermath of an earthquake.
This uber-ization of human labor requires the understanding of workers motivation in completing a task, their ability to work together in collaborative tasks, as well as, helping workers find relevant tasks. For over 40 years, organization studies have thoroughly examined human factors that affect workers in physical workplaces. More recently, computer scientists have developed algorithms that verify and leverage those findings in a virtual marketplace, in this case, a crowdsourcing platform.
The goal of this tutorial is to review those two areas and discuss how their combination may improve workers' experience, task throughput and outcome quality for both micro-tasks and collaborative tasks. We will start with a coverage of motivation theory, team formation, and learning worker profiles. We will then address open research questions that result from this review.
Resistance in Staphylococcus Aureus: The Never-Ending Story
Authors: Orlović Jovan , Miljković-Selimović Biljana , Dinić Marina , Ristić Ljiljana 
Published: November 2016

SummaryCombating Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections using antibacterial drugs is actually an ongoing effort to overcome resistance mechanism of this microorganism. In this paper, we discussed (1) the mechanisms of resistance to some of the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in the treatment of S. aureus: methicillin, vancomicyn and quinolones. In addition, (2) efflux pump mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis in the presence of compounds that inhibit S. aureus growth and reproduction, as well as mechanisms of resistance to a number of antibiotics, have been reviewed.
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension – Pathophysiology Based on Case Series
Authors: Ljubisavljević Srdjan , Zidverc Trajković Jasna 
Published: November 2016

Summary
According to the definition, idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a pathological state characterized by an increase in intracranial pressure; however, there are no obvious intracranial pathological processes. The pathophysiology of this disorder is not clear, although there are many reports related to it.
We present an overview of possible etiopathogenetic mechanisms, clinical presentations and therapeutic interventions from a series of patients hospitalized with the clinical picture and final diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). All data were collected from the moment of IIH diagnosis as well as three months later.
The obtained data showed that IIH is a disease that primarily affects obese women in early and midlife. The positive correlation between values of cerebrospinal fluid pressure and body mass index was observed. The disorders of sexual hormones were identified as a possible etiology for IIH female patients. Headache, papilloedema, decreased visual acuity, vertigo and cranial nerve palsy were identified as the most prevalent IIH clinical presentations. The existence of stenosis and hypoplasia of the sigmoid and transverse sinus were confirmed only in one third of IIH patients. Pharmacotherapy combined with weight loss was efficacious in a large number of patients. In this series, there were no short-term consequences of IIH.
The results suggest the importance of early and accurate looking for IIH in obese early and midlife women with any hormonal imbalances having a variety of neurological expression, mostly presented as headaches and visual disturbances. Early detection of IIH might influence the timely treatment and prevent far-reaching and severe clinical consequences.
Existence of solutions for a nonlinear Choquard equation with potential vanishing at infinity
Authors: Alves Claudianor O. , Figueiredo Giovany M. , Yang Minbo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We study the following nonlinear Choquard equation:

-

Δ
⁢
u

+

V
⁢

(
x
)

⁢
u

=

(

1

|
x
|

μ

∗
F

⁢

(
u
)

)

⁢
f
⁢

(
u
)

in
⁢

ℝ
N

,

$-\Delta u+V(x)u=\biggl{(}\frac{1}{|x|^{\mu}}\ast F(u)\biggr{)}f(u)\quad\text{%
in }\mathbb{R}^{N},$

where

0
<
μ
<
N

${0<\mu<N}$

,

N
≥
3

${N\geq 3}$

, V is a continuous real function and F is the primitive function of f. Under some suitable assumptions on the potential V, which include the case

V
⁢

(
∞
)

=
0

${V(\infty)=0}$

, that is,

V
⁢

(
x
)

→
0

${V(x)\to 0}$

as

|
x
|

→

+
∞

${|x|\to+\infty}$

, we prove the existence of a nontrivial solution for the above equation by the penalization method.