bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Pyramid Of (Formal) Software Verification
Authors: Brain Martin , Polgreen Elizabeth 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOver the past few years there has been significant progress in the various fields of software verification resulting in many useful tools and successful deployments, both academic and commercial. However much of the work describing these tools and ideas is written by and for the research community. The scale, diversity and focus of the literature can act as a barrier, separating industrial users and the wider academic community from the tools that could make their work more efficient, more certain and more productive. This tutorial gives a simple classification of verification techniques in terms of a pyramid and uses it to describe the six main schools of verification technologies. We have found this approach valuable for building collaborations with industry as it allows us to explain the intrinsic strengths and weaknesses of techniques and pick the right tool for any given industrial application. The model also highlights some of the cultural differences and unspoken assumptions of different areas of verification and illuminates future directions.
Software Verification with CPAchecker 3.0: Tutorial and User Guide
Authors: Baier Daniel , Beyer Dirk , Chien Po-Chun , Jakobs Marie-Christine , Jankola Marek , Kettl Matthias , Lee Nian-Ze , Lemberger Thomas , Lingsch-Rosenfeld Marian , Wachowitz Henrik , Wendler Philipp 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis tutorial provides an introduction toCPAcheckerfor users.CPAcheckeris a flexible and configurable framework for software verification and testing. The framework provides many abstract domains, such as BDDs, explicit values, intervals, memory graphs, and predicates, and many program-analysis and model-checking algorithms, such as abstract interpretation, bounded model checking,Impact, interpolation-based model checking,k-induction, PDR, predicate abstraction, and symbolic execution. This tutorial presents basic use cases forCPAcheckerin formal software verification, focusing on its main verification techniques with their strengths and weaknesses. An extended version also shows further use cases ofCPAcheckerfor test-case generation and witness-based result validation. The envisioned readers are assumed to possess a background in automatic formal verification and program analysis, but prior knowledge ofCPAcheckeris not required. This tutorial and user guide is based onCPAcheckerin version 3.0. This user guide’s latest version and other documentation are available athttps://cpachecker.sosy-lab.org/doc.php.
Satisfiability Modulo Theories: A Beginner’s Tutorial
Authors: Barrett Clark , Tinelli Cesare , Barbosa Haniel , Niemetz Aina , Preiner Mathias , Reynolds Andrew , Zohar Yoni 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGreat minds have long dreamed of creating machines that can function as general-purpose problem solvers. Satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) has emerged as one pragmatic realization of this dream, providing significant expressive power and automation. This tutorial is a beginner’s guide to SMT. It includes an overview of SMT and its formal foundations, a catalog of the main theories used in SMT solvers, and illustrations of how to obtain models and proofs. Throughout the tutorial, examples and exercises are provided as hands-on activities for the reader. They can be run using either Python or the SMT-LIB language, using either the cvc5 or the Z3 SMT solver.
B2SAT: A Bare-Metal Reduction of B to SAT
Authors: Leuschel Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe present a new SAT backend for the B-Method to enable new applications of formal methods. The new backend interleaves low-level SAT solving with high-level constraint solving. It provides a “bare metal” access to SAT solving, while pre- and post-calculations can be done in the full B language, with access to higher-order or even infinite data values. The backend is integrated into ProB, not as a general purpose backend, but as a dedicated backend for solving hard constraint satisfaction and optimisation problems on complex data. In the article we present the approach, its origin in the proof of Cook’s theorem, and illustrate and evaluate it on a few novel applications of formal methods, ranging from biology to railway applications.
Synchrony Between Facial Expressions and Heart Rate Variability During Game-Based Learning: Insights from Cross-Wavelet Transformation
Authors: Cloude Elizabeth B. , Dindar Muhterem , Ninaus Manuel , Kiili Kristian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGame-based learning (GBL) environments are designed to foster emotional experiences conducive to learning; yet, there are mixed findings regarding their effectiveness. The inconsistent results may stem from challenges in measuring and modeling emotions as multi-dimensional constructs during GBL. Traditional approaches often use one data channel and conventional statistics to study emotions, which limit our understanding of the multi-componential interactions that underlie emotional states during GBL. In this study, we merged non-linear dynamical systems (NLDS) theory with the component process model of emotion to examine interactions and synchrony among two emotion signals during GBL, facial expressions and heart rate variability (HRV), and assessed its relation to knowledge and learning gain. Data were collected from 58 participants (n = 58) at a university in Central Finland while they learned about pathology with a tower defense game called Antidote COVID-19. Results showed a significant improvement in knowledge after GBL. A NLDS technique called cross-wavelet transformation showed there were varying degrees of synchrony between facial expressions and HRV. Neutral expressions showed the highest degree of synchrony with HRV, followed closely by happiness and anger with HRV. However, the synchrony between facial expressions and HRV did not affect knowledge and learning gain. This research contributes to the field by studying emotions as multidimensional systems during GLB.
Update on cutaneous mesenchymal tumors in the 5th edition of WHO classification of skin tumors with an emphasis on new fusion-associated neoplasms
Authors: Kalmykova Antonina V. , Baranovska-Andrigo Vira , Michal Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe section on mesenchymal tumors in the 5th edition of WHO classification of skin tumors has undergone several changes, the most important of which is the inclusion of newly identified tumor entities, which will be the main focus of this review article. These specifically include three novel cutaneous mesenchymal tumors with melanocytic differentiation, and rearrangements of the CRTC1::TRIM11, ACTIN::MITF, and MITF::CREM genes as well as EWSR1::SMAD3-rearranged fibroblastic tumors, superficial CD34-positive fibroblastic tumors, and NTRK-rearranged spindle cell neoplasms. Some of the other most important changes will be briefly mentioned as well.
On the use of scaled boundary shape functions in adaptive phase field modeling of brittle fracture
Authors: Birk Carolin , Pasupuleti Ajay Kumar , Assaf Rama , Natarajan Sundararajan , Gravenkamp Hauke 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper addresses the numerical modeling of brittle fracture using a phase field approach. We propose solving the coupled phase field / displacement problem by employing the scaled boundary finite element method, which facilitates the use of hierarchical meshes. An adaptive meshing approach based on this method is summarized. Contrary to existing applications of the scaled boundary finite element method in the context of phase field modeling, scaled boundary shape functions are employed in both staggered and monolithic solution schemes. The proposed methodology is verified considering two-dimensional benchmark problems. Very good agreement with finite element results of the force-displacement curves and crack paths is observed regardless of the solution scheme or meshing strategy.
Mentalization-based interventions in schools for enhancing socio-emotional competencies and positive behaviour: a systematic review
Authors: Chelouche-Dwek Gali , Fonagy Peter 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMentalization-based interventions (MBIs) have been increasingly applied in school settings to support the social-emotional development and mental health of children and adolescents. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of MBIs implemented in educational contexts for students aged 6–18 years. A comprehensive search was conducted in PsychInfo, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and ERIC databases from inception to October 2023. The search strategy combined terms related to mentalization, school-based interventions, and the target age group. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42022302757). Inclusion criteria included peer-reviewed publications in English, studies published between 1980 and 2023, interventions based on mentalization principles, and a primary focus on children aged 6 to 18 years. Exclusion criteria involved non-mentalization based interventions and research outside the 6–18 age range. The risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tools from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Data were synthesized narratively due to the heterogeneity of study designs and outcomes. Of the 5,250 articles screened, 21 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising over 7,500 participants. The reviewed interventions targeted various aspects of mentalizing, such as emotion-understanding, empathy, perspective-taking, and Theory of Mind. Significant improvements were found in social-cognitive abilities, emotion regulation, and mental health outcomes, including reductions in disruptive behaviours. Interventions that combined mentalizing training for both students and teachers showed promising results. However, the long-term sustainability of these benefits remains unclear. Limitations of the reviewed studies include the lack of control groups, small sample sizes, and variations in outcome measures. The findings highlight the potential of MBIs as a promising approach to fostering socio-emotional competence, positive behaviour, and well-being in school-aged children. Future research should aim to establish the active components and optimal delivery of these interventions through well-designed randomized controlled trials with larger, more diverse samples and extended follow-up periods. The integration of MBIs within educational systems holds promise for promoting resilience and positive mental health outcomes in young people. Embedding MBIs within school curriculums and evaluating cost-effectiveness are important next steps to guide widespread implementation.
Advances in the Goertzel Filter Bank Channelizer for Cryogenic Sensors Readout
Authors: Ferreyro L. P. , García Redondo M. E. , Salum J. M. , Muscheid T. , Hampel M. , Almela A. , Fuster A. , Geria J. M. , Bonaparte J. , Bonilla-Neira J. , Ardila-Perez L. E. , Gartmann R. , Müller N. , Wegner M. , Sander O. , Platino M. , Kempf S. , Etchegoyen A. , Weber M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNeutrino mass estimation experiments and cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation surveys both employ low-temperature detectors (LTD) known as calorimeters and bolometers, respectively. These detectors operate typically between 10 and 300 mK. LTDs multiplexed by means of a microwave superconducting quantum interference device multiplexer (µMUX) demonstrated to be an excellent device for the readout of several detectors in the microwave region. This entails generating a multi-tonal signal and its subsequent readout. A single-tone detection method based on a Goertzel filter bank (GFB) channelizer was used for the readout of the aforementioned signal, implemented in a software-defined radio readout architecture within a field-programmable gate array. The measurements presented here demonstrate remarkable results in validating the suitability of the GFB channelizer for this system.
The Poetic Wavelength—Tuning into the Meaningful Poetics of Psychosis
Authors: Pearson Mark 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite the emerging evidence base to support the therapeutic potential of creative writing and poetry for a variety of mental health problems, the therapeutic potential of poetry for people who have experienced psychosis remains poorly understood. The paper argues that by considering psychosis as meaningful poetics, this epistemological shift has the potential to foster curious inquiry and increase opportunities for meaningful dialogue. The paper introduces and explores the concept of the ‘poetic wavelength’, building on the previously established notion of the psychotic wavelength, which proposes that others need to ‘tune in’ to what is being communicated through psychosis. The concept of the poetic wavelength suggests that the reading and writing of poetry may support this process of ‘tuning in’ both for those experiencing psychosis and those working therapeutically with them.
Comparison of Vision Transformers and Convolutional Neural Networks in Medical Image Analysis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Takahashi Satoshi , Sakaguchi Yusuke , Kouno Nobuji , Takasawa Ken , Ishizu Kenichi , Akagi Yu , Aoyama Rina , Teraya Naoki , Bolatkan Amina , Shinkai Norio , Machino Hidenori , Kobayashi Kazuma , Asada Ken , Komatsu Masaaki , Kaneko Syuzo , Sugiyama Masashi , Hamamoto Ryuji 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the rapidly evolving field of medical image analysis utilizing artificial intelligence (AI), the selection of appropriate computational models is critical for accurate diagnosis and patient care. This literature review provides a comprehensive comparison of vision transformers (ViTs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), the two leading techniques in the field of deep learning in medical imaging. We conducted a survey systematically. Particular attention was given to the robustness, computational efficiency, scalability, and accuracy of these models in handling complex medical datasets. The review incorporates findings from 36 studies and indicates a collective trend that transformer-based models, particularly ViTs, exhibit significant potential in diverse medical imaging tasks, showcasing superior performance when contrasted with conventional CNN models. Additionally, it is evident that pre-training is important for transformer applications. We expect this work to help researchers and practitioners select the most appropriate model for specific medical image analysis tasks, accounting for the current state of the art and future trends in the field.
Ivories in the Late Chalcolithic Period and Their Significance for Understanding Contacts Between Egypt and the Southern Levant
Authors: Rosenberg Danny , Chasan Rivka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOne of the most interesting aspects of the Late Chalcolithic period in the southern Levant (c. 4500–3900 cal BC), a period marking notable societal transformations and developments in economy, craft and cult, was the appearance of ivory objects. Ivory, originating from the tusks of elephants and hippopotamuses, suddenly appeared in this period in low quantities and only at a few sites, restricted mainly to the northern Negev, Judean Desert and the central Mediterranean coastal plain. The current paper discusses the Late Chalcolithic ivory objects found in the southern Levant and suggests that we should not merely view these finds as artistic objects charged with symbolic value, but rather, we should acknowledge the role of the specific raw material from which they were made, for its social and economic values based on the likely non-local origin of the ivory and the inherent difficulty in its acquisition. These factors bestowed the ivory items with special significance and prestige value that differentiated them from other more common bone tools. Moreover, we suggest that although these findings reflect contacts, albeit limited between the southern Levant and Predynastic Egypt.
Yarrowia lipolytica growth, lipids, and protease production in medium with higher alkanes and alkenes
Authors: Miranda Sílvia M. , Belo Isabel , Lopes Marlene 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTwo strains of Yarrowia lipolytica (CBS 2075 and DSM 8218) were first studied in bioreactor batch cultures, under different controlled dissolved oxygen concentrations (DOC), to assess their ability to assimilate aliphatic hydrocarbons (HC) as a carbon source in a mixture containing 2 g·L−1 of each alkane (dodecane and hexadecane), and 2 g·L−1 hexadecene. Both strains grew in the HC mixture without a lag phase, and for both strains, 30 % DOC was sufficient to reach the maximum values of biomass and lipids. To enhance lipid-rich biomass and enzyme production, a pulse fed-batch strategy was tested, for the first time, with the addition of one or three pulses of concentrated HC medium. The addition of three pulses of the HC mixture (total of 24 g·L−1 HC) did not hinder cell proliferation, and high protease (> 3000 U·L−1) and lipids concentrations of 3.4 g·L−1 and 4.3 g·L−1 were achieved in Y. lipolytica CBS 2075 and DSM 8218 cultures, respectively. Lipids from the CBS 2075 strain are rich in C16:0 and C18:1, resembling the composition of palm oil, considered suitable for the biodiesel industry. Lipids from the DSM 8218 strain were predominantly composed of C16:0 and C16:1, the latter being a valuable monounsaturated fatty acid used in the pharmaceutical industry. Y. lipolytica cells exhibited high intrinsic surface hydrophobicity (> 69 %), which increased in the presence of HC. A reduction in surface tension was observed in both Y. lipolytica cultures, suggesting the production of extracellular biosurfactants, even at low amounts. This study marks a significant advancement in the valorization of HC for producing high-value products by exploring the hydrophobic compounds metabolism of Y. lipolytica.
Concentrations of Per-and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Pancreatic Cancer: A Case–Control Study in New York
Authors: Long Sara , Porta Miquel , Yang Jeffrey , Jing Xiaohong , Gasull Magda , Burgos Gabriela , Simeone Diane , Trasande Leonardo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The aim was to investigate the concentrations of some per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in patients with pancreatic cancer from New York, and to compare them with a group of controls from the general population of the United States. We selected 50 cases of pancreatic cancer from donors to the New York University Pancreatic Biorepository. Controls were selected from the 2017–18 National Health and Examination Survey sample (n = 167), matched to cases on age, sex, and race and ethnicity. Six PFAS were analyzed in serum samples using high performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with mass spectrometry. PFAS concentrations were categorized into tertiles to explore non-linear associations, and odds ratios (OR) were estimated using conditional logistic regression, adjusting by BMI. Most PFAS were not associated with pancreatic cancer risk. Serum perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) was associated with a decreased risk (OR for upper tertile = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.67). In contrast, participants with the highest tertile of perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) had a higher risk (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.11, 6.09). Adjusting for BMI did not materially change the results. Study limitations include: in pancreatic cancer patients, blood used to measure PFAS was collected around the time of diagnosis; cases and controls could not be sampled from the same geographic location; slightly different laboratory methods were used to analyze PFAS in cases and controls. Most PFAS studied were not significantly associated with pancreatic cancer, except for PFHxS and PFUnDA, which exhibited opposite trends. Findings and limitations of the present study warrant further investigation with improved study designs and data on complex PFAS mixtures.
Erlangization/Canadization of Phase-Type Jump Diffusions, with Applications to Barrier Options
Authors: Asmussen Søren 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFor a jump diffusion with upward phase-type jumps with p phases, the maximum before an independent Erlang time $$e^q_\eta$$

e
η
q

with q stages and rate parameter $$\eta$$
η
is again phase-type with $$q(p+1)$$

q
(
p
+
1
)

phases. An iterative scheme for computing the phase generator is presented and applied to representing the price of a barrier option with time horizon $$e^q_\eta$$

e
η
q

as a single ordinary integral. Canadization then means to approximate a fixed horizon T with an $$e^q_\eta$$

e
η
q

satisying $${\mathbb {E}}e^q_\eta =T$$

E

e
η
q

=
T

for a sufficiently large q. Similar results holds for Greeks like the delta and the gamma. A numerical example is given for a down-and-in call option and the Canadization is combined with Richardson extrapolation. Finally, a recursion is developed that only requires the iteration to be performed in $$p+1$$

p
+
1

dimensions.
Systematic review of data exchange for road side unit in a vehicular ad hoc network: coherent taxonomy, prominent features, datasets, metrics, performance measures, motivation, opportunities, challenges and methodological aspects
Authors: Shakir Ahmed Thair , Islam Md. Shabiul , Mandeep Jit Singh , Islam Mohammad Tariqul , Abdullah Nor Fadzilah , Taher Younus Hasan , Abdullahi Omer T. , Soliman Mohamed S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNowadays, more cars are being added to the roads, which increases the risk of deadly accidents and the average commuter's daily travel time. To address these issues, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) were developed, facilitating communication both among vehicles and between vehicles and infrastructure. Due to the great mobility of vehicles, the primary issue in VANETs is the requirement for very short communication latency, particularly for applications related to safety. Moreover, security is a significant concern that arises from Because nodes share sensitive information with one another about themselves and their surroundings. The infrastructure-based elements defined as roadside units (RSU) were formulated to overcome this problem by allowing information to be transmitted amongst vehicles, which could then be used to increase system safety and efficiency. However, in order to achieve certain desired Quality of Service (QoS), such as service coverage, throughput, reduced latency, or energy consumption, there are primary obstacles that arise when implementing (RSUs). These obstacles include performance issues, data security during transfer, and overall cost considerations. This article introduces a thorough survey of Roadside Units (RSUs) in VANET networks, providing an examination of the current research trends in this field. The survey explores the strengths, weaknesses, specific scenarios, methods, topologies, and potential future improvements of RSUs. Additionally, the paper focuses on three key aspects of RSUs: deployment, management, and security, analyzing their prominent features, motivations, challenges, methodology aspects, real datasets, metrics, and performance measures.