bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Colour Interpolation Scheme for Topologically Unrestricted Gradient Meshes
Authors: Lieng Henrik , Kosinka Jiří , Shen Jingjing , Dodgson Neil A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGradient meshes are a 2D vector graphics primitive where colour is interpolated between mesh vertices. The current implementations of gradient meshes are restricted to rectangular mesh topology. Our new interpolation method relaxes this restriction by supporting arbitrary manifold topology of the input gradient mesh. Our method is based on the Catmull‐Clark subdivision scheme, which is well‐known to support arbitrary mesh topology in 3D. We adapt this scheme to support gradient mesh colour interpolation, adding extensions to handle interpolation of colours of the control points, interpolation only inside the given colour space and emulation of gradient constraints seen in related closed‐form solutions. These extensions make subdivision a viable option for interpolating arbitrary‐topology gradient meshes for 2D vector graphics.
Governance with Empty Pockets: The Education Sector in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: De Herdt Tom , Titeca Kristof 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe education sector has virtually disappeared from the Congolese state budget since the mid‐1980s. Yet schools have both managed to survive on school fees and to reproduce the public education sector, even though complete privatization would have been a realistic option. In this article, the authors understand this engagement with the state whilst simultaneously bending its rules as a negotiation strategy for better terms of inclusion in the state system. Different state actors cultivate their ‘own’ practical versions of official rules. In this way, they create space to respond to parents’ demand for education, to increase the number of teachers and their salaries far beyond what would otherwise have been possible, and to reproduce the system over time. One may wonder, however, whether the resilience of the sector in the face of the implosion of the state budget does not come at the price of building a more inclusive and higher quality education system.
Options of partners improve carbon for phosphorus trade in the arbuscular mycorrhizal mutualism
Authors: Argüello Alicia , O'Brien Michael J. , van der Heijden Marcel G.A. , Wiemken Andres , Schmid Bernhard , Niklaus Pascal A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe mutualism between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is widespread and has persisted for over 400 million years. Although this mutualism depends on fair resource exchange between plants and fungi, inequality exists among partners despite mechanisms that regulate trade. Here, we use 33P and 14C isotopes and a split‐root system to test for preferential allocation and reciprocal rewards in the plant–AMF symbiosis by presenting a plant with two AMF that differ in cooperativeness. We found that plants received more 33P from less cooperative AMF in the presence of another AMF species. This increase in 33P resulted in a reduced 14C cost per unit of 33P from less cooperative AMF when alternative options were available. Our results indicate that AMF diversity promotes cooperation between plants and AMF, which may be an important mechanism maintaining the evolutionary persistence of and diversity within the plant–AMF mutualism.
Promoting self‐management and adherence during prophylaxis: evidence‐based recommendations for haemophilia professionals
Authors: Schrijvers L. H. , Schuurmans M. J. , Fischer K. 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionThroughout life, a patient with severe haemophilia is confronted with many treatment‐related challenges. Insight into self‐management and non‐adherence could improve the quality of care for these patients. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the current evidence on self‐management and adherence to prophylaxis in haemophilia.MethodBased on series of studies and published literature, aspects of treatment were explored: learning and performing self‐infusion, achieving self‐management skills in adolescence, adherence issues and coping with haemophilia. Evidence‐based and age‐group‐specific recommendations for haemophilia professionals were formulated.ResultsNearly, all severe haemophilia patients and parents were able to perform self‐infusion and the quality level of infusion skills was acceptable. Learning self‐infusion was generally initiated before the onset of puberty and full self‐management was obtained 10 years later. Adherence was defined using a Delphi consensus procedure and was determined by skipping, dosing and timing of infusions. Adherence levels varied according to age, with highest levels in children (1–12 years) and the lowest among 25–40 years. Adherence to prophylaxis was acceptable (43%), yet 57% of the population struggled with prophylaxis. Qualitative research showed that the position of prophylaxis in life is the main driver of adherence. This position is influenced by acceptance and self‐management skills. Regarding coping with haemophilia, the majority of patients used a problem‐focused approach.ConclusionSelf‐management and adherence to prophylaxis vary during the life span. Acceptance of the disease and self‐management skills were important aspects that may require tailored professional support.
We need to talk about purpose: a critical interpretive synthesis of health and social care professionals’ approaches to self‐management support for people with long‐term conditions
Authors: Morgan Heather May , Entwistle Vikki A. , Cribb Alan , Christmas Simon , Owens John , Skea Zoë C. , Watt Ian S. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundHealth policies internationally advocate ‘support for self‐management’, but it is not clear how the promise of the concept can be fulfilled.ObjectiveTo synthesize research into professional practitioners’ perspectives, practices and experiences to help inform a reconceptualization of support for self‐management.DesignCritical interpretive synthesis using systematic searches of literature published 2000–2014.FindingsWe summarized key insights from 164 relevant papers in an annotated bibliography. The literature illustrates striking variations in approaches to support for self‐management and interpretations of associated concepts. We focused particularly on the somewhat neglected question of the purpose of support. We suggest that this can illuminate and explain important differences between narrower and broader approaches. Narrower approaches support people to manage their condition(s) well in terms of disease control. This purpose can underpin more hierarchical practitioner–patient communication and more limited views of patient empowerment. It is often associated with experiences of failure and frustration. Broader approaches support people to manage well with their condition(s). They can keep work on disease control in perspective as attention focuses on what matters to people and how they can be supported to shape their own lives. Broader approaches are currently less evident in practice.Discussion and conclusionBroader approaches seem necessary to fulfil the promise of support for self‐management, especially for patient empowerment. A commitment to enable people to live well with long‐term conditions could provide a coherent basis for the forms and outcomes of support that policies aspire to. The implications of such a commitment need further attention.
Immigration Policies and the Factors of Migration from Developing Countries to South Korea: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Torneo Ador R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis study examines the impacts of immigration policies adopted by the Korean government, vis‐a‐vis other economic, social, demographic, and political factors, on labour migration from developing countries to South Korea using a modified gravity model. The model is extended to marriage‐related migrants to gain insights on marriage migration. The positive results in three out of the five immigration policies examined affirm that liberal policies are associated with increased migration, especially for preferred groups like ethnic Koreans, marriage migrants, and professionals. The positive effects of “push” factors such as population, unemployment, and inflation are generally similar to their effects on migration to the US, Canada, Germany, and the UK despite its more rapid transition from a migrant‐sending into a migrant‐receiving country. Political terror's non‐significance may be due to South Korea's limited asylum policy. Finally, the results of the extended model imply that marriage migration share plenty of similarities with labour migration.
Does “buyer beware” work in migration? Contracting between brokers and migrants in Vietnam
Authors: Phuong Nguyen Quynh , Venkatesh Sundar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article is an attempt to open the lid a little of the “black box of migration” i.e. brokers. Analysing contracts between brokers and labour migrants, we identify four different forms of exploitation of migrants by brokers: expropriation of skill premium, risk shifting, over‐charging, and non‐refund of deposits. Opportunistic behaviour by brokers, as evidenced by such exploitation, is seen as a market failure that is explained by human attributes and transactional characteristics. Given the rigidities in the human attributes of the contracting parties and the nature of migration as a risky multi‐period transaction, proposals are made for non‐market interventions, which can lead to more equitable contracting.
How does business analytics contribute to business value?
Authors: Seddon Peter B. , Constantinidis Dora , Tamm Toomas , Dod Harjot 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a model, synthesized from the literature, of factors that explain how business analytics contributes to business value. It also reports results from a preliminary assessment of that model. The model consists of two parts: a process and a variance model. The process model depicts the analyze‐insight‐decision‐action process through which use of an organization's business analytic capabilities is intended to create business value. The variance model proposes that the five factors in Davenport et al.'s DELTA model of business analytics success factors, six from Watson & Wixom and three from Seddon et al.'s model of organizational benefits from enterprise systems, assist a firm to gain business value from business analytics. A preliminary assessment of the model was conducted using data from 100 customer success stories from vendors such as IBM, SAP and Teradata. Our conclusion is that the business analytics success model is likely to be a useful basis for future research.
Spleen hypoplasia leads to abnormal stress hematopoiesis in mice with loss of Pbx homeoproteins in splenic mesenchyme
Authors: Zewdu Rediet , Risolino Maurizio , Barbulescu Alexandru , Ramalingam Pradeep , Butler Jason M. , Selleri Licia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe spleen plays critical roles in immunity and also provides a permissive microenvironment for hematopoiesis. Previous studies have reported that the TALE‐class homeodomain transcription factor Pbx1 is essential in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for stem cell maintenance and progenitor expansion. However, the role of Pbx1 in the hematopoietic niche has not been investigated. Here we explored the effects that genetic perturbation of the splenic mesenchymal niche has on hematopoiesis upon loss of members of the Pbx family of homeoproteins. Splenic mesenchyme‐specific inactivation of Pbx1 (SKO) on a Pbx2‐ or Pbx3‐deficient genetic background (DKO) resulted in abnormal development of the spleen, which is dysmorphic and severely hypoplastic. This phenotype, in turn, affected the number of HSPCs in the fetal and adult spleen at steady state, as well as markedly impairing the kinetics of hematopoietic regeneration in adult mice after sub‐lethal and lethal myelosuppressive irradiation. Spleens of mice with compound Pyx deficiency 8 days following sublethal irradiation displayed significant downregulation of multiple cytokine‐encoding genes, including KitL/SCF, Cxcl12/SDF‐1, IL‐3, IL‐4, GM‐CSF/Csf2 IL‐10, and Igf‐1, compared with controls. KitL/SCF and Cxcl12/SDF‐1 were recently shown to play key roles in the splenic niche in response to various haematopoietic stresses such as myeloablation, blood loss, or pregnancy. Our results demonstrate that, in addition to their intrinsic roles in HSPCs, non‐cell autonomous functions of Pbx factors within the splenic niche contribute to the regulation of hematopoiesis, at least in part via the control of KitL/SCF and Cxcl12/SDF‐1. Furthermore, our study establishes that abnormal spleen development and hypoplasia have deleterious effects on the efficiency of hematopoietic recovery after bone marrow injury.
Nursing physical assessment for patient safety in general wards: reaching consensus on core skills
Authors: Douglas Clint , Booker Catriona , Fox Robyn , Windsor Carol , Osborne Sonya , Gardner Glenn 
Published: April 2016

Aims and objectivesTo determine consensus across acute care specialty areas on core physical assessment skills necessary for early recognition of changes in patient status in general wards.BackgroundCurrent approaches to physical assessment are inconsistent and have not evolved to meet increased patient and system demands. New models of nursing assessment are needed in general wards that ensure a proactive and patient safety approach.DesignA modified Delphi study.MethodsFocus group interviews with 150 acute care registered nurses at a large tertiary referral hospital generated a framework of core skills that were developed into a web‐based survey. We then sought consensus with a panel of 35 senior acute care registered nurses following a classical Delphi approach over three rounds. Consensus was predefined as at least 80% agreement for each skill across specialty areas.ResultsContent analysis of focus group transcripts identified 40 discrete core physical assessment skills. In the Delphi rounds, 16 of these were consensus validated as core skills and were conceptually aligned with the primary survey: (Airway) Assess airway patency; (Breathing) Measure respiratory rate, Evaluate work of breathing, Measure oxygen saturation; (Circulation) Palpate pulse rate and rhythm, Measure blood pressure by auscultation, Assess urine output; (Disability) Assess level of consciousness, Evaluate speech, Assess for pain; (Exposure) Measure body temperature, Inspect skin integrity, Inspect and palpate skin for signs of pressure injury, Observe any wounds, dressings, drains and invasive lines, Observe ability to transfer and mobilise, Assess bowel movements.ConclusionsAmong a large and diverse group of experienced acute care registered nurses consensus was achieved on a structured core physical assessment to detect early changes in patient status.Relevance to clinical practiceAlthough further research is needed to refine the model, clinical application should promote systematic assessment and clinical reasoning at the bedside.
Domestic violence and abuse: an exploration and evaluation of a domestic abuse nurse specialist role in acute health care services
Authors: McGarry Julie 
Published: April 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the experiences of clinical staff in responding to disclosure of domestic violence and abuse, and to evaluate the effectiveness of training and support provided by a dedicated Domestic Abuse Nurse Specialist across one acute National Health Service Trust in the UK.BackgroundThe impact of domestic violence and abuse is well documented and is far reaching. Health care professionals have a key role to play in the effective identification and management of abuse across a range of settings. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the constituents of effective support for practitioners within wider nonemergency hospital‐based services.DesignA qualitative approach semi‐structured interviews (n = 11) with clinical staff based in one acute care Trust in the UK. Interviews were informed by an interview guide and analysed using the Framework approach.FindingsThe organisation of the nurse specialist role facilitated a more cohesive approach to management at an organisational level with training and ongoing support identified as key facets of the role by practitioners. Time constraints were apparent in terms of staff training and this raises questions with regard to the status continuing professional development around domestic violence and abuse.ConclusionsDomestic violence and abuse continues to exert a significant and detrimental impact on the lives and health of those who encounter abuse. Health care services in the UK and globally are increasingly on the frontline in terms of identification and management of domestic violence and abuse. This is coupled with the growing recognition of the need for adequate support structures to be in place to facilitate practitioners in providing effective care for survivors of domestic violence and abuse.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides an approach to the expansion of existing models and one which has the potential for further exploration and application in similar settings.
‘Sticking to carpets’ – assessment and judgement in health visiting practice in an era of risk: a qualitative study
Authors: King Caroline 
Published: April 2016

Aim and objectiveThis paper aims to explore health visitors’ accounts of assessment and judgement in health visiting in the context of policy change and an increased focus on risk, which is reshaping practice.BackgroundAssessment and judgement underpin the targeting of support in health visiting practice. Existing literature suggests that needs assessment in health visiting is a complex process which draws on different types of knowledge.MethodsThe study, upon which this paper draws, was a qualitative exploration which aimed to explore the impact of policy change on health visiting practice and on families. The accounts of sixteen health visitors, who took part in semi‐structured interviews, are reported. The interview data were analysed using thematic and narrative techniques.ResultsHealth visitors’ accounts of their observations of families’ homes, relationships and practices, such as their references to ‘dirt’, harmful practices and appropriateness, illustrate ways in which assessment and judgement in health visiting practice are shaped by a discourse of risk and notions of ideal parenting. Health visitors problematise this discourse in relation to the potential stigmatising impacts for families. Although health visitors indicate ambivalence towards the use of assessment tools, the findings indicate that they feel the tools provide them with a safety‐net at a time when their practice is being reshaped by a discourse of risk.ConclusionThis paper identifies that assessment and judgement in contemporary health visiting are shaped by a discourse of risk. A discussion of the role of ‘emotion in use’ and collective emotions provides an appropriate theoretical lens to consider the impact that risk discourse has on health visiting practice and on families.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study highlights the need for assessment and judgement in health visiting practice to be highly reflexive, to support families in an era of risk.
A longitudinal qualitative study of health care personnel's perceptions of simultaneous implementation of three risk assessment scales on falls, malnutrition and pressure ulcers
Authors: Skytt Bernice , Engström Maria , Mårtensson Gunilla , Mamhidir Anna‐Greta 
Published: April 2016

Aims and objectivesIn this study, the aim was to understand health care personnel's expectations and experiences of participating in an intervention aimed at the implementation of three assessment scales for fall injuries, malnutrition and pressure ulcers, and the performance of preventive measures in these areas over the period of 18 months.BackgroundFall injuries, malnutrition and pressure ulcers among older people are challenging issues for caregivers at different levels in the health care system.DesignA descriptive design with a qualitative approach was used to follow health care personnel before, during and after implementation of a care prevention intervention.MethodsTwelve health care personnel with different professions at the hospital, primary care and municipal care levels participated in a preventive care introduction. Seminars were held at four occasions, with assignments to be completed between seminars. Lectures and group discussions were performed, and three risk assessment scales were introduced. The participants were interviewed before, during and after the introduction. Manifest and latent content analysis were used.ResultsThe main results are presented in the theme ‘Patient needs are visualised through a gradually developed shared understanding’ and in five categories. The work approach of performing three risk assessments simultaneously was perceived as positive and central to ensuring quality of care; it was not, however, perceived as unproblematic.ConclusionThe participants as well as health care team members showed a positive attitude towards and described the advantages of being given opportunities for shared understanding to improve patient safety and to provide structure for the provision of good care.Relevance to clinical practiceThe managerial approach of listening to and acting on issues stressed by health care personnel is important to ensure ongoing and future improvement initiatives.
MR Angiography at 7T to Visualize Cerebrovascular Territories
Authors: Neumann Jan‐Oliver , Giese Henrik , Nagel Armin M. , Biller Armin , Unterberg Andreas , Meinzer Hans‐Peter 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThere is considerable amount of interindividual variability in the size and location of the vascular territories of the major brain arteries. More data are needed to assess the amount of variability and the possible implications for further research and patient care. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) magnetic resonance imaging has been applied in various forms to facilitate noninvasive imaging of cerebrovascular flow territories, but it requires the definition of the flow territory of interest prior to image acquisition.OBJECTIVEAssessing the vascular territories of the major brain territories by using ultra‐high‐field time‐of‐flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography.METHODSWe have developed an alternative method to ASL by simulating cerebrovascular dye injections. Following bias field normalization and segmentation of the vessels from 7 Tesla TOF imaging, a virtual model of the arterial vessel tree was generated and a simulation of dye dispersion into the brain tissue was performed.RESULTSThe results provided by our method are consistent with the data obtained by autoptic dye injection studies in 23 human beings by van der Zwan in 1993.CONCLUSIONFurther technical improvements in imaging and segmentation techniques will improve the accuracy of the method and will facilitate the delineation of flow territories after image acquisition on even smaller subtrees of the cerebral vasculature.
Busting Out: Predictive Brains, Embodied Minds, and the Puzzle of the Evidentiary Veil
Authors: Clark Andy 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBiological brains are increasingly cast as ‘prediction machines’: evolved organs whose core operating principle is to learn about the world by trying to predict their own patterns of sensory stimulation. This, some argue, should lead us to embrace a brain‐bound ‘neurocentric’ vision of the mind. The mind, such views suggest, consists entirely in the skull‐bound activity of the predictive brain. In this paper I reject the inference from predictive brains to skull‐bound minds. Predictive brains, I hope to show, can be apt participants in larger cognitive circuits. The path is thus cleared for a new synthesis in which predictive brains act as entry‐points for ‘extended minds’, and embodiment and action contribute constitutively to knowing contact with the world.