bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Shock Dynamics of Heterogeneous YSO Jets:3D Simulations Meet Multi-epoch Observations
Authors: Hansen E. C. , Frank A. , Hartigan P. , Lebedev S. V. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
High-resolution observations of young stellar object (YSO) jets show them to be composed of many small-scale knots or clumps. In this paper, we report results of 3D numerical simulations designed to study how such clumps interact and create morphologies and kinematic patterns seen in emission line observations. Our simulations focus on clump scale dynamics by imposing velocity differences between spherical, over-dense regions, which then lead to the formation of bow shocks as faster clumps overtake slower material. We show that much of the spatial structure apparent in emission line images of jets arises from the dynamics and interactions of these bow shocks. Our simulations show a variety of time-dependent features, including bright knots associated with Mach stems where the shocks intersect, a “frothy” emission structure that arises from the presence of the Nonlinear Thin Shell Instability along the surfaces of the bow shocks, and the merging and fragmentation of clumps. Our simulations use a new non-equilibrium cooling method to produce synthetic emission maps in Hα and [S ii]. These are directly compared to multi-epoch Hubble Space Telescope observations of Herbig–Haro jets. We find excellent agreement between features seen in the simulations and the observations in terms of both proper motion and morphologies. Thus we conclude that YSO jets may be dominated by heterogeneous structures and that interactions between these structures and the shocks they produce can account for many details of YSO jet evolution.
Low-frequency Carbon Radio Recombination Lines. I. Calculations of Departure Coefficients
Authors: Salgado F. , Morabito L. K. , Oonk J. B. R. , Salas P. , Toribio M. C. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Tielens A. G. G. M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In the first paper of this series, we study the level population problem of recombining carbon ions. We focus our study on high quantum numbers, anticipating observations of carbon radio recombination lines to be carried out by the Low Frequency Array. We solve the level population equation including angular momentum levels with updated collision rates up to high principal quantum numbers. We derive departure coefficients by solving the level population equation in the hydrogenic approximation and including low-temperature dielectronic capture effects. Our results in the hydrogenic approximation agree well with those of previous works. When comparing our results including dielectronic capture, we find differences that we ascribe to updates in the atomic physics (e.g., collision rates) and to the approximate solution method of the statistical equilibrium equations adopted in previous studies. A comparison with observations is discussed in an accompanying article, as radiative transfer effects need to be considered.
A Submillimeter Perspective on the GOODS Fields (SUPER GOODS). I. An Ultradeep SCUBA-2 Survey of the GOODS-N*

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‡

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Authors: Cowie L. L. , Barger A. J. , Hsu L.-Y. , Chen Chian-Chou , Owen F. N. , Wang W.-H. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In this first paper in the SUPER GOODS series on powerfully star-forming galaxies in the two GOODS fields, we present a deep SCUBA-2 survey of the GOODS-N at both 850 and 450 μm (central rms noise of 0.28 mJy and 2.6 mJy, respectively). In the central region, the 850 μm observations cover the GOODS-N to near the confusion limit of ∼1.65 mJy, while over a wider 450 arcmin2 region—well complemented by Herschel far-infrared imaging—they have a median

limit of 3.5 mJy. We present

catalogs of 186 850 μm and 31 450 μm selected sources. We use interferometric observations from the Submillimeter Array (SMA) and the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) to obtain precise positions for 114 SCUBA-2 sources (28 from the SMA, all of which are also VLA sources). We present new spectroscopic redshifts and include all existing spectroscopic or photometric redshifts. We also compare redshifts estimated using the 20 cm/850 μm and the 250 cm/850 μm flux ratios. We show that the redshift distribution increases with increasing flux, and we parameterize the dependence. We compute the star formation history and the star formation rate (SFR) density distribution functions in various redshift intervals, finding that they reach a peak at

before dropping to higher redshifts. We show that the number density per unit volume of

galaxies measured from the SCUBA-2 sample does not change much relative to that of lower SFR galaxies from UV selected samples over

, suggesting that, apart from changes in the normalization, the shape in the number density as a function of SFR is invariant over this redshift interval.
Kennicutt-Schmidt Relation Variety and Star-forming Cloud Fraction
Authors: Morokuma-Matsui Kana , Muraoka Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The observationally derived Kennicutt-Schmidt (KS) relation slopes differ from study to study, ranging from sublinear to superlinear. We investigate the KS-relation variety (slope and normalization) as a function of integrated intensity ratio, R
31 = CO(J = 3–2)/CO(J = 1–0) using spatially resolved CO(J = 1–0), CO(J = 3–2), H i, Hα, and 24 μm data of three nearby spiral galaxies (NGC 3627, NGC 5055, and M83). We find that (1) the slopes for each subsample with a fixed R
31 are shallower, but the slope for all data sets combined becomes steeper, (2) normalizations for high R
31 subsamples tend to be high, (3) R
31 correlates with star formation efficiency, therefore the KS relation depends on the distribution in R
31–Σgas space of the samples: no Σgas dependence of R
31 results in a linear slope of the KS relation, whereas a positive correlation between Σgas and R
31 results in a superlinear slope of the KS relation, and (4) R
31–Σgas distributions are different from galaxy to galaxy and within a galaxy: galaxies with prominent galactic structure tend to have large R
31 and Σgas. Our results suggest that the formation efficiency of a star-forming cloud from molecular gas is different among galaxies as well as within a galaxy, and it is one of the key factors inducing the variety in galactic KS relation.
MONITOR Ionospheric Network: two case studies on scintillation and electron content variability
Authors: Béniguel Yannick , Cherniak Iurii , Garcia-Rigo Alberto , Hamel Pierrick , Hernández-Pajares Manuel , Kameni Roland , Kashcheyev Anton , Krankowski Andrzej , Monnerat Michel , Nava Bruno , Ngaya Herbert , Orus-Perez Raül , Secrétan Hughes , Sérant Damien , Schlüter Stefan , Wilken Volker 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. The ESA MONITOR network is composed of high-frequency-sampling global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers deployed mainly at low and high latitudes to study ionosphere variability and jointly with global GNSS data and ionospheric processing software in support of the GNSS and its satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) like the European EGNOS. In a recent phase of the project, the network was merged with the CNES/ASECNA network and new receivers were added to complement the latter in the western African sector. This paper summarizes MONITOR, presenting two case studies on scintillations (using almost 2 years of data measurements). The first case occurred during the major St. Patrick's Day geomagnetic storm in 2015. The second case study was performed in the last phase of the project, which was supported by ESA EGNOS Project Office, when we paid special attention to extreme events that might degrade the system performance of the European EGNOS.
QUANTIFICAÇÃO E DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DE ELEMENTOS GEOQUÍMICOS EM UMA ÁREA AGRÍCOLA NO MUNICÍPIO DE IGUARAÇU - PR
Authors: Becegato Valter Antonio , Oliveira Josiani Córdova , Becegato Vitor Rodolfo , Simioni Flávio José 
Published: March 2017

A presente pesquisa foi realizada em uma área agrícola submetida a plantio direto, localizada no Noroeste do estado do Paraná entre as coordenadas UTM 417.750 e 420.000 m E, 7.428.250 e 7.431.250 m N. Utilizou-se 77 pontos amostrais de solos para duas profundidades: 0-20 e 20-40 cm, totalizando 154 amostras, com o objetivo de analisar as seguintes variáveis geoquímicas: argila, pH, fósforo (P), potássio (K), matéria orgânica, cálcio (Ca), magnésio (Mg), cobre (Cu), zinco (Zn), ferro (Fe) e manganês (Mn). Foram identificados e mapeados os seguintes solos: Nitossolo Vermelho Eutrófico; Latossolo Vermelho Eutroférrico e Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico. Os maiores valores geoquímicos obtidos para a profundidade de 0-20 cm foi para as variáveis: pH, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe e Mn. Para a profundidade de 20-40 cm foi à argila. Os resultados obtidos devem ser considerados na definição de planos de amostragem do solo, bem como, no manejo da adubação da referida área, através da análise do alcance e das variabilidades horizontal e vertical dos atributos geoquímicos estudados.
Children’s felicitous use of intersubjective particles evidences sensitivity to constellations of perspectives
Authors: Boeg Thomsen Ditte 
Published: March 2017

Discourse particles specify how interlocutors’ understandings converge and differ, and appropriate use requires ability to represent propositions from two perspectives simultaneously. This makes discourse particles a highly useful case for investigating developments in children’s ability to monitor and compare mental states, a controversial issue in child language research. Being neither salient, nor obligatory, the particles further allow us to assess children’s motivation to look for interpersonal meanings without strong linguistic incentives. By means of a corpus analysis of peer group conversations (123 hours, 19 children: 1;9–6;3 years), the present study examines at which ages Danish kindergarteners demonstrate stable mastery of the interpersonal contextual demands of five particles marking shared knowledge, disagreement and differential access to knowledge. As background for evaluating children’s particle use as well as order of occurrence, adult consensus on particle meanings was substantiated with a gap-filling test and relative input frequency estimated in caregiver speech. Children were significantly above chance in producing intersubjective particles in felicitous contexts and differentiated clearly between the particles. While there was a strong increase in token frequency over the kindergarten years, children evidenced sensitivity to context from their first productions, and particle felicity did not improve significantly with higher age or production experience. The results suggest that 3-to-6-year-olds routinely monitor and compare representational states, and that they are highly motivated to coordinate conversations as joint actions by pointing to interlocutor perspectives.This article is part of Special Collection: Perspective Taking
Latent class analysis of acceptability and willingness to pay for self‐HIV testing in a United States urban neighbourhood with high rates of HIV infection
Authors: Nunn Amy , Brinkley‐Rubinstein Lauren , Rose Jennifer , Mayer Kenneth , Stopka Thomas , Towey Caitlin , Harvey Julia , Santamaria Karina , Sabatino Kelly , Trooskin Stacey , Chan Philip A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Acceptability and willingness to both take and pay for HIV self‐tests (HIVSTs) in US neighbourhoods with high rates of HIV infection are not well understood.Methods: We surveyed 1,535 individuals about acceptability and willingness to take and pay for an HIVST in a predominately African American neighbourhood with 3% HIV seroprevalence. We recruited individuals presenting for HIV screening services in a community‐based programme. Latent class analysis (LCA) grouped individuals with similar patterns of HIV‐risk behaviours and determined which groups would be most willing to use and buy HIVSTs.Results: Nearly 90% of respondents were willing to use an HIVST; 55% were willing to buy HIVSTs, but only 23% were willing to pay the market price of US $40. Four distinct groups emerged and were characterized by risk behaviours: (1) low risk (N = 324); (2) concurrent partnerships (N = 346); (3) incarceration and substance use (N = 293); and (4) condomless sex/multiple partners (N = 538). Individuals in the low‐risk class were less willing to self‐test compared to concurrent sexual partners (OR = 0.39, p = .003) and incarceration and substance use (OR = 0.46, p = .011) classes. There were no significant differences across classes in the amount individuals were willing to pay for an HIVST.Conclusions: HIVSTs were overwhelmingly acceptable but cost prohibitive; most participants were unwilling to pay the market rate of US $40. Subsidizing and implementing HIVST programmes in communities with high rates of infection present a public health opportunity, particularly among individuals reporting condomless sex with multiple partners, concurrent sexual partnerships and those with incarceration and substance use histories.
Adverse event profile of a mature voluntary medical male circumcision programme performing PrePex and surgical procedures in Zimbabwe
Authors: Bochner Aaron F , Feldacker Caryl , Makunike Batsi , Holec Marrianne , Murenje Vernon , Stepaniak Abby , Xaba Sinokuthemba , Balachandra Shirish , Tshimanga Mufuta , Chitimbire VTS , Barnhart Scott 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroduction: The frequency of adverse events (AEs) is a widely used indicator of voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) programme quality. Though over 11.7 million male circumcisions (MCs) have been performed, little published data exists on the profile of AEs from mature, large‐scale programmes. No published data exists on routine implementation of PrePex, a device‐based MC method.Methods: The ZAZIC Consortium began implementing VMMC in Zimbabwe in 2013, supporting services at 36 facilities. Aggregate data on VMMC outputs are collected monthly from each facility. Detailed forms are completed describing the profile of each moderate and severe AE. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted using log‐binomial regression models.Results: From October 2014 through September 2015, 44,868 clients were circumcised with 156 clients experiencing a moderate or severe AE. 96.2% of clients had a follow‐up visit within 14 days of their procedure. AEs were uncommon, with 0.3% (116/41,416) of surgical and 1.2% (40/3,452) of PrePex clients experiencing a moderate or severe AE. After adjusting for VMMC site, we found that PrePex was associated with a 3.29‐fold (95% CI: 1.78–6.06) increased risk of experiencing an AE compared to surgical procedures. Device displacements, when the PrePex device is intentionally or accidentally dislodged during the 7‐day placement period, accounted for 70% of PrePex AEs. The majority of device displacements were intentional self‐removals. Overall, infection was the most common AE among VMMC clients. Compared to clients aged 20 and above, clients aged 10–14 were 3.07‐fold (95% CI: 1.36–6.91) more likely to experience an infection and clients aged 15–19 were 1.80‐fold (95% CI: 0.82–3.92) more likely to experience an infection, adjusted for site.Conclusions: This exploratory analysis found that clients receiving PrePex were more likely to experience an AE than surgical circumcision clients. This is largely attributable to the occurrence of device displacements, which require prompt access to corrective surgical MC procedures as part of their clinical management. Most device displacements were self‐removals which are preventable if client behaviour could be modified through counselling interventions. We also found that infection after MC is more common among younger clients, who may benefit from additional counselling or increased parental involvement.
Along‐strike variations in the Himalayan orogenic wedge structure in Bhutan from ambient seismic noise tomography
Authors: Singer Julia , Obermann Anne , Kissling Eduard , Fang Hongjian , Hetényi György , Grujic Djordje 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe geological units and tectonic structure exposed in the Bhutan Himalaya document significant regional variations, expressed primarily as tectonic windows and klippen. The along‐strike variations of these structures and their metamorphic grade are usually associated with the formation of local duplexes in the underlying tectonic units. To investigate these variations and their extent in depth, we image the isotropic shear‐wave velocity structure of the orogenic wedge by ambient noise tomography. Group velocities are extracted from cross correlations of ambient seismic noise, recorded by the temporary GANSSER network in Bhutan. The upper crustal structure beneath Bhutan is mapped down to 18 km depth by directly inverting Rayleigh‐wave group velocity measurements in the period range between 2 and 20 s with a ray tracing based inversion approach. Our results reveal several distinct high shear‐wave velocity anomalies (
km/s) and reflect the along‐strike variations in the upper crustal structure in relation to the alternating tectonic windows and klippen at the surface. In correlation with the surface geology in the northern part of Bhutan, we interpret shallow high shear‐wave velocity anomalies as quarzite‐dominated rocks or felsic migmatites with large intrusions of leucogranites. High‐velocity anomalies in the orogenic wedge in eastern and western Bhutan correlate with the local geometry of the Main Himalayan Thrust and provide evidence for the formation and depth extent of localized duplexes of quartzite dominated lithology in association with the formation of tectonic windows in the Bhutan Himalaya.
An intelligent approach for resource allocation in the cognitive radio vehicular ad hoc network
Authors: Das Deepa , Das Susmita 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWith the overwhelming demand for wireless devices, cognitive radios (CRs) have been envisioned to be applied in the vehicular communications in the near future. In the moving vehicular scenario, reliable detection of the primary user and the interference‐aware power allocation to the vehicular secondary users (VSUs) are amongst the main challenging issues in CR. So, this paper proposes techniques to evaluate the false alarm probability and detection probability on the basis of the spatial correlation among the vehicular users in a soft decision fusion‐based CR vehicular ad hoc network. Further, an attempt has been made to optimize the power allocation to the VSUs. The energy efficiency maximization problem is formulated under the constraints of maximum transmission power limit, interference to the primary receiver and the minimum achievable data rate. For the nonlinear and nonconvex optimization problem to be solved, the parametric transformation is used. The power allocation to the VSUs satisfying the nonlinear constraints is solved by our proposed adaptive scheme on the basis of normalized least mean square algorithm. The relevant simulation results provided show the efficacy of our proposed scheme, and the effect of different network parameters is also studied.
Atmospheric driving mechanisms of flash floods in Portugal
Authors: Santos Mónica , Santos João A. , Fragoso Marcelo 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe present study aims to investigate how large‐scale atmospheric circulation may influence flash floods in Portugal. For this purpose, weather types (WTs) in a northeastern North Atlantic sector are used and flash floods between 1950 and 2003 were identified in six hydrographic basins: three in the north of Portugal and another three in the south of Portugal. An adapted methodology for flash flood detection on daily discharges is applied. A total of 131 flash floods were detected: 35 in the northern basins and 96 in the southern basins. WTs are identified using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 20th Century Reanalysis V2. The sea level pressure composites for flash flood days by WT reveal the large‐scale atmospheric patterns underlying their occurrence. The results show that the cyclonic (C) type was strongly associated with flash flood days in the northern basins. The C type pattern features deep low pressure systems north of Iberia, much stronger than average for this WT. For the southern basins, the C type still shows the highest relevance for flood occurrence, but to a lesser extent, since the easterly wind (E) and dual anticyclonic (AA) types also acquire some importance. The flash flood‐inducing AA‐type events are characterized by atypical largely zonal troughs extending towards Portugal. The flash flood‐inducing E type events hint at the occurrence of anomalously strong cut‐off low pressure systems over southern Portugal. Although the significance of these systems to precipitation in Portugal was addressed in previous studies, a systematized assessment of their role on flash flood occurrences is herein provided for the first time. The presented flash flood detection methodology can be applied to other regions where hourly flow discharge data are not available, thus being an alternative to the more conventional detection algorithms.
Oral ambroxol increases brain glucocerebrosidase activity in a nonhuman primate
Authors: Migdalska‐Richards Anna , Ko Wai Kin D. , Li Qin , Bezard Erwan , Schapira Anthony H. V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMutations in the glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1) gene are related to both Parkinson disease (PD) and Gaucher disease (GD). In both cases, the condition is associated with deficiency of glucocerebrosidase (GCase), the enzyme encoded by GBA1. Ambroxol is a small molecule chaperone that has been shown in mice to cross the blood‐brain barrier, increase GCase activity and reduce alpha‐synuclein protein levels. In this study, we analyze the effect of ambroxol treatment on GCase activity in healthy nonhuman primates. We show that daily administration of ambroxol results in increased brain GCase activity. Our work further indicates that ambroxol should be investigated as a novel therapy for both PD and neuronopathic GD in humans.
Optimization of Chest Tube Management to Expedite Rehabilitation of Lung Cancer Patients After Video‐Assisted Thoracic Surgery: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Deng Bo , Qian Kai , Zhou Jing‐Hai , Tan Qun‐You , Wang Ru‐Wen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this meta‐analysis and systematic review of published evidence was to optimize chest tube management for fast‐track rehabilitation of lung cancer patients after video‐assisted thoracic surgery (VATS).MethodsThe PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were searched to identify all studies that addressed the issue of chest tube management after VATS for lung cancer. Finally, 35 articles were included for analysis, i.e., 29 randomized controlled trials and 6 clinical trials.ResultsAfter synthesis of the published evidence, the following protocol for chest tube drainage was formulated: (1) after VATS lung wedge resection, chest tube drainage can be omitted in selected cases; (2) normally, one 28Fr chest tube (or 19Fr Blake drain) is placed; (3) the use of a digital monitoring system is recommended; (4) in case of increasing pneumothorax or severe air leakage supported by digital recording system, the tube should be placed with active suction; and (5) the chest tube can be removed within 48 h postoperatively when air leakage is resolved and fluid drainage is <400 mL/day.ConclusionsFurther multicenter studies are warranted based on the variations of body sizes among different ethnicities.