bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relations Between Distinct Dimensions of Physical Activity and Preschoolers’ ADHD Symptoms
Authors: Shoulberg Erin K. , Scott Hannah , Martin Caroline P. , Tompkins Connie L. , Dennis Marissa , Krasner Allison , Hoza Betsy 
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study examined the unique and interactive effects of PA volume and within-person fluctuations in PA volume (i.e., intraindividual variability in PA volume; PA-var) on preschoolers’ ( N = 141; 47.5% girls) ADHD symptoms. Method: Preschoolers wore accelerometers during the school day over a 2-week period. Teachers reported on children’s hyperactive, impulsive, and inattentive symptoms on the ADHD Rating Scale-IV Preschool Version. Results: In the context of regression models, higher levels of PA-var were linked with lower levels of impulsive symptoms. Higher levels of PA volume were linked with higher levels of hyperactive and inattentive symptoms, but only when PA fluctuation (i.e., PAvar) was relatively low. Post hoc analyses with teacher-reported impairment as the outcome revealed a significant interaction such that the positive association between PA volume and impairment was stronger at lower, as compared to higher, levels of PA-var. Conclusion: Larger fluctuations in preschoolers’ PA volume may indicate lower risk for displaying impulsive symptoms. Moreover, preschoolers with high levels of PA that remain relatively consistent throughout the day may be at increased risk for exhibiting hyperactive and inattentive symptoms and related impairment, suggesting they are unable to regulate their activity to meet expectations in the school environment.
Punctate inner choroiditis and choroidal neovascular membrane formation following vitreoretinal surgery: A case report
Authors: Gandhi Priyanka , Prabhu Vishma , Hande Prathiba , Kathare Rupal , Mahendradas Padmamalini , Chhablani Jay , Venkatesh Ramesh 
Published: October 2024

Purpose To report a case of punctate inner choroiditis (PIC) and subsequent choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) development in a young, high myope following vitreoretinal surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Case Description A 44-year-old male with high myopia underwent pars plana vitrectomy for subtotal retinal detachment in the left eye, followed by cataract extraction and silicone oil removal. Three years postoperatively, he presented with blurred vision, and fundus examination revealed PIC lesions at the posterior pole. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed characteristic features of PIC, including hyperreflective nodule-like elevations, disrupted ellipsoid and interdigitation zones, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) elevations and increased choroidal hyper transmission signals. Results Initially, no treatment was initiated, and the patient was monitored. Three years later, the patient experienced further vision loss, and fundus examination showed progression of PIC lesions and new CNVM formation in the left eye. The patient was treated with systemic corticosteroids and an intravitreal anti-VEGF injection (Razumab® 0.5 mg/0.05 ml). Three weeks after the intervention, SD-OCT showed regression of the CNVM, and the patient's visual symptoms improved. Conclusion This case underscores the importance of long-term follow-up and timely intervention in managing PIC, especially in high myopes post-retinal surgery. Early identification and treatment with systemic corticosteroids and anti-VEGF therapy are crucial to preserving visual function and preventing severe complications like CNVM.
The knowledge and skills needed for forensic social work in Australia: A Delphi study
Authors: Lattas Dimitra , Davis Cindy , Creamer Catherine , Jefferies Gerard , Turner Shelley 
Published: October 2024

Summary Forensic social work is the application of social work knowledge, skills, values and ethics within a legal and criminal justice context. Globally, social workers play an integral role in the criminal justice system but in many countries, including Australia, there is limited conception of the competencies needed for this specialist practice. Australia serves as an example of forensic social work regulated through a generalist social work competency framework, where specialist skills and knowledge are not distinctly outlined or assessed. The purpose of this study was to identify the knowledge and skills used by forensic social work practitioners in Australia. This study used a 3-round Delphi method with an expert panel of social workers working in forensic practice across Australia. It consisted of a 1-hour semi-structured individual interview followed by 2 rounds of online surveys. Findings Consensus was obtained for 30 skill and knowledge items for Australian forensic social work. The panel identified these competencies as specialist, meaning requiring further training beyond generalist proficiency. Of these, eight of the skill and knowledge items were seen as essential for graduates entering forensic social work. Applications The findings from this study contribute to an evidence-based model of forensic social work competency. In Australia, they can be used to consider potential gaps between current generalist mechanisms and specialist practice expectations. With further research, these findings can be used to inform professional standards for forensic social work in Australia and potentially internationally.
Physical abuse by staff and co-residents of older people and people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Kjellberg Inger , Berg Karin 
Published: October 2024

Summary Physical abuse in care settings is a social problem with detrimental effects for residents, but effective prevention is dependent on staff reporting. In Sweden, designated officials, commonly social workers, are required to investigate reports of mistreatment. The aim of this study was to analyze what designated officials considered serious in reported incidents of physical abuse in two different care settings: care for older people and care for people with intellectual disabilities. Similar cases of physical abuse were chosen to demonstrate differences between judgments and provide a picture of how designated officials judge the relative seriousness of abusive situations. Interpretative content analysis and analytic induction were used to analyze reports of staff-to-resident abuse and resident-to-resident abuse in the two care areas. Findings There were no differences between incidents described as serious and those described as non-serious. Resident-to-resident abuse was the most commonly reported incident, particularly in dementia care and care for people with intellectual disabilities, and was rarely considered serious. Older people in dementia care were the highest risk group. In staff-to-resident abuse, staff were singled out as scapegoats. Organizational issues, rather than the details of abusive incidents, guided investigators’ judgments of seriousness. Tendencies to normalize violence and apply a narrow understanding of violence were found in the investigator’s judgments, particularly in resident-to-resident abuse. Applications Safeguarding adults from physical abuse in institutional settings is dependent on staff reporting and thorough investigations. This study shows that more training in assessing violence for social workers investigating reports is needed.
Comparison of Biomechanical Properties of the iCover and VBX Stent Grafts When Used as Bridge Stents in Fenestrated Endografts: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Blanco Amil Carla L. , Mestres Gaspar , Barahona Fabricio , Raventós Clara , Alomar Xavier , Riambau Vincent 
Published: October 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare in vitro the different biomechanical properties of 2 balloon-expandable covered stents, VBX (Viabahn VBX, W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) and iCover (iVascular, Barcelona, Spain), as bridging stents in fenestrated aortic endoprostheses. Methods: Three biomechanical tests were performed to evaluate a total of 12 stents (6 VBX 6 × 59 mm and 6 iCover 6 × 57m). First, a 3-point bending test was performed with a calibrated dynamometer to evaluate the bending strength of the 40% and 150% deformation of the system in its crimped state and the force necessary to deform the expanded stent by 40% with respect to its initial diameter. Then the stents were expanded to their nominal diameter inside a 6-mm-diameter handmade fenestration and flared up to 8 and 10 mm. The whole set was fixed in the dynamometer to carry out the pullout-force (perpendicular dislocation) and shear-stress-force (axial dislocation) tests. The resulting forces were recorded via the force transducer. Load, deformation, and displacement data were recorded in newtons. The results of each stent test were examined under the microscope, and both stent types were compared. Results: Higher forces were required to bend the crimped VBX (16.24 N [IQR, 13.87-17.47 N] for the iCover and 19.01 N [IQR, 16.01-19.50 N] for VBX; P < 0.001), but lower forces were necessary for the expanded VBX compared with the iCover (0.36 N [IQR, 0.1-0.49 N] and 1.01 N [IQR, 0.97-1.09 N], respectively; p = 0.004). Pullout forces were 3.56 N (IQR, 3-4.1 N) and 7.07 N (IQR, 6.86-7.28 N) for the 8-mm flare and 7.29 N (IQR, 6.13-8.45 N) and 14 N (IQR, 12.05-15.95 N) for the 10-mm flare for the iCover and VBX, respectively ( P = 0.333 for both comparisons). The shear-stress forces needed to dislocate the 6-mm iCover and VBX axially with a 10-mm flare to 50%, 100%, and 200% were 0.88, 1.61, and 3.55 N for the iCover and 0.71, 1.43, and 2.51 N for the VBX ( P = 0.343, P = 0.486, and P = 0.486, respectively). Conclusion: After evaluating the stents under in vitro conditions, the VBX and iCover stents showed similar results in terms of biomechanical properties, which demonstrates their competence in in vitro conditions. Further in vitro comparisons with other stent grafts are required. Clinical Impact The BECS used in FEVAR / BEVAR must ensure some properties to avoid the most frequent complications derived from the failure of these bridging stents (stenosis, thrombosis, stent integrity, dislodgement or endoleaks) that represent the most common cause for reintervention. This paper adds to the limited data available, information to the clinician after comparing some properties of two BECS used in these techniques that demonstrate their competence in in-vitro conditions.
Characteristics of Patients Utilizing Telemedicine in Hand and Upper-Extremity Surgery
Authors: Falade Oluleke , Munsch Maria A. , Latario Luke , Fowler John R. 
Published: October 2024

Background: The impact of social determinants of health on patients’ access to medical care and health outcomes is increasingly recognized. Telemedicine’s rapid and widespread adoption altered the delivery of care. This study describes the characteristics of patients undergoing telemedicine visits with hand surgeons, without COVID-19 pandemic-related restrictions. Methods: All telemedicine encounters for 4 hand surgeons at a single institution between September 2022 and September 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics were recorded as well as the encounter type. The distance of the patients’ residential address and the area deprivation index (ADI) were recorded. Results: Sixty patient encounters were recorded. Forty-seven percent were male and 53% were female, 5 (8.3%) were new patients, 44 (73.3%) were established patients, and 11 (18.3%) were postoperative. The mean age was 43, and the mean and median distances from the clinic were 72 and 18 miles, respectively. Forty-three patients (72%) were from high ADI residences. Upon comparison of low ADI (0-50th percentile) and high ADI (50th-100th percentile) patients, no statistically significant differences in age, sex, distance from clinic, or encounter type were found. Conclusions: Telemedicine in hand surgery at this single institution is most frequently used for follow-up encounter types in patients living in high ADI communities, far from clinic sites. Low or high ADI did not correlate with seasonal changes in the use of telemedicine, encounter type, or patient demographics. Telemedicine may improve patient access to hand surgery follow-up care. This may particularly benefit patients facing geographic and economic challenges to healthcare access. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level IV.
Mechanisms and Trends in Women’s Lacrosse Head and Musculoskeletal Injuries: A 15-Year Review of National Injury Data
Authors: Yendluri Avanish , Nietsch Katrina S. , Namiri Nikan K. , Gonsalves Grant , Corvi John J. , Herrera Joseph , Nowinski Christopher J. , Parisien Robert L. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Head injury rates in lacrosse may be higher among women compared with men. Understanding these trends can guide appropriate injury prevention for female athletes. Hypotheses: Injuries most commonly involve the head, with no significant decline over the study period; contact with other players would be the most common injury mechanism. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiological. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) was queried (January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2022) for women’s lacrosse injuries presenting to United States (US) emergency departments (EDs). Patient demographics, injury diagnosis, body part injured, disposition, and clinical narrative were extracted. The provided narrative identified the mechanism of injury. Linear regression analysis assessed trends over time. Results: An estimated 57,635 women’s lacrosse injuries occurred during the study period extrapolated from 1899 evaluated NEISS cases. The mean age was 15.81 ± 5.35 years, with 68.3% of injuries sustained by high school (14- to 18-year-old) players. Over one-third of all injuries were to the head (national estimate [NE], 19,358; 33.6%), followed by the ankle (NE, 10,475; 18.2%), then the knee (NE, 6969; 12.1%). Strain/sprains were most common (NE, 19,402; 33.7%) followed by closed head injury (CHI)/sports-related concussion (SRC) (NE, 11,794; 20.5%) and contusion/abrasion (NE, 10,605; 18.4%). ED presentations of CHIs/SRCs and fractures remained elevated with no significant decline over the study period ( P > 0.05), despite a significant decrease in strains/sprains and contusions/abrasions ( P < 0.01 and P = 0.01, respectively). The most common injury mechanism was collision/contact with another player (NE, 10,664; 18.5%). Conclusion: An estimated one-third of women’s lacrosse players in the study sample had a head injury. CHIs and SRCs accounted for 20.5% of all injuries. Clinical Relevance: Given the high proportion of contact-related head injuries, headgear mandates and improved player safety protocols may be warranted.
Beyond effectiveness in eHealth trials: Process evaluation of a stepped-care programme to support healthcare workers with psychological distress (RESPOND-HCWs)
Authors: Mediavilla Roberto , García-Vázquez Blanca , McGreevy Kerry R. , Underhill James , Bayón Carmen , Bravo-Ortiz María-Fe , Muñoz-Sanjosé Ainoa , Haro Josep Maria , Monistrol-Mula Anna , Nicaise Pablo , Petri-Romão Papoula , McDaid David , Park A-La , Melchior Maria , Vuillermoz Cécile , Turrini Giulia , Compri Beatrice , Purgato Marianna , Roos Rinske , Witteveen Anke B. , Sijbrandij Marit , Bryant Richard A. , Fuhr Daniela , Ayuso-Mateos José Luis 
Published: October 2024

Objectives This study presents the process evaluation of an effective stepped-care programme of eHealth interventions (Doing What Matters in Times of Stress [DWM] and Problem Management Plus [PM+]) for healthcare workers (HCWs) with psychological distress (RESPOND-HCWs trial) conducted in Spain. The aim is to analyse the context in which the programme was delivered, assess key implementation outcomes and explore mechanisms of action. Methods We used mixed methods. Quantitative data came from routine randomised control trial monitoring and structured observation, and qualitative data were collected using semi-structured, in-depth interviews with trial participants ( n = 12) and decision-makers ( n = 7) and a focus group discussion with intervention providers ( n = 7). We conducted a descriptive analysis of quantitative data using R software and a thematic analysis of qualitative data using NVivo. Results Context analysis revealed implementation barriers, including unrealistic expectations of participants about the programme and mental health-related stigma. The flexibility of interventions and the opportunity for mental health actions were enabling factors. Implementation outcomes showed that the trial was feasible, appropriate and timely, and that the intervention was delivered with minimal protocol deviations and good acceptance among participants. Mechanisms of action included confidence in the positive effect of the intervention, a good therapeutic relationship and specific intervention components. Conclusions These results supplement the outcome evaluation and can help inform large-scale implementation in similar settings. Specific recommendations include increasing mental health awareness and reducing stigma in the implementation setting, including a short orientation session and ensuring flexibility in schedules and peer support. Trial registration number NCT04980326.
Feasibility and acceptability of wearable devices and daily diaries to assess sleep and other health indicators among young women in the slums of Kampala, Uganda
Authors: Nielsen Karen , Mobley Kate , Culbreth Rachel , Palmier Jane , Nabulya Anna , Swahn Monica H. 
Published: October 2024

Background Individuals in Uganda's urban slums have unmet mental health needs due to limited healthcare infrastructure, poor environmental conditions, and extreme poverty. Researchers often use wearable devices to measure factors associated with mental health including sleep, physical activity, and exposure to environmental stressors. However, the use of wearables for research purposes in low-resource settings is limited. This pilot study investigated the feasibility and acceptability of wearables and accompanying daily diaries to assess sleep and other health indicators in young women living in Kampala's slums. Methods Women ( n = 60 total, two groups) aged 18–24 living in three urban slums participated in 5-day pilot protocols comprised of wearing Garmin vívoactive 3 smartwatches and completing daily diaries concerning sleep and physical activities. Participants completed surveys about their experiences. We based analyses on survey findings and data completeness. Results All participants responded to daily diaries. All but one reported wearing the device nonstop and 51 had recoverable heart rate data with median data coverage of 93.2%. Most devices (87.5%) recorded data for 5 days without running out of battery. Some participants (8.5%) found the wearable uncomfortable during the day, and 25% found it uncomfortable at night. Few participants (6.7%) reported feeling unsafe with the wearable, with most reports occurring prior to the availability of bracelet-like wearable covers. Conclusions Study protocols implementing wearables and complimentary daily diaries are feasible in this urban population. However, important contextual factors including participant and researcher training and safety concerns warrant additional considerations for acceptable utilization of wearable devices for research in other low-resource settings.
Primary Arthrodesis or Open Reduction and Internal Fixation for Lisfranc Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Mactier Lachlan , Cox Genevieve , Mittal Rajat , Suthersan Mayuran 
Published: October 2024

Background: Lisfranc injuries are often managed surgically with primary arthrodesis (PA) or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF); however, neither approach has been shown to be superior. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the functional and surgical outcomes of PA and ORIF in the treatment of Lisfranc injuries. Methods: This study was performed as per the PRISMA protocol. Database searches were conducted on Cochrane, Embase, and PubMed libraries. Five RCTs were identified for inclusion involving 241 patients, of which 121 underwent PA and 120 underwent ORIF. Results: Statistically significant differences in visual analog scale pain score at 2 years (mean difference 0.89, 95% CI 0.18-1.59), patient satisfaction (OR 10.04, 95% CI 1.78-56.76), and all-cause return to surgery (OR 27.31, 95% CI 12.72-58.63) were observed, all favoring PA. There were no statistically significant differences between PA and ORIF with regard to American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society midfoot scores at 2 years, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores, and unplanned return to surgery. Conclusion: This study showed significant improvement in pain at 2 years, patient satisfaction, and all-cause return to surgery favoring PA in all instances. Given ORIF often necessitates a second operation for hardware removal, it is to be expected that all-cause return to surgery is higher in ORIF groups. Overall, these results do not have the power to confer an advantage to a particular approach because of significant heterogeneity. Further studies should focus on larger patient cohorts and longer follow-up, or analysis stratified by patient demographics and injury presentation. In the absence of clinically significant differences, cost-benefit analyses should be considered to answer the question of whether to “fix or fuse” for Lisfranc injuries.