bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphological and genetic characterization of a new Armadillidium species (Oniscidea, Armadillidiidae) from Tunisia
Authors: Hamaied S. , Charfi-Cheikhrouha F. , Lombardo B. M. 
Published: January 2018

Armadillidium boukorninensen. sp., a new species collected in northeastern Tunisia, is described. This species can be easily recognised by the tegument structure, the morphology of the cephalon and the high differentiation of the male pereopod 7. Its geographical distribution is limited to the northeast of Tunisia, in the maquis and garrigues habitats of sub-humid and semi-arid areas. This new species is morphologically similar toA. decorum. However, the morphological comparison between these two species showed a divergence at the cephalon, hind margin of pereon-epimeron 1, pereopod VII and pleotelson. An allozyme analysis of ten enzymatic systems (ME, PHI, EST, MPI, ACPH, GOT, IDH, PEP, PGM, MDH) confirmed this morphological differentiation. Among the eighteen loci that were analysed, differentiation in six diagnostic (Mpi,Pgm,Me,Acph-2,Pep-3,Got-2) and two partially-diagnostic loci (Idh-1,Phi),were easily recognized. Furthermore, high values of Nei’s genetic distance (Nei, 1978) () and indicated a high genetic differentiation of these two species. When taking into account these two approaches,A. boukorninensen. sp. is morphologically and genetically different fromA. decorum.
Analysis of crab size structure and the fishing effort applied to a crab fishery in northwest Mexico
Authors: Heredia-Delgadillo César A. , Rodríguez-Domínguez Guillermo , Pérez-González Raúl , Castañeda-Lomas Nicolás , Castillo-Vargasmachuca Sergio G. , Aragón-Noriega E. Alberto 
Published: January 2018

The fishing effort of a Sinaloa crab fishery in the Gulf of California in 2014 was analysed based on fishermen’s interviews, official catches and permits, and information from a sample of fishing logbooks from five fishery cooperatives operating in four coastal lagoons that contained the daily catch from individual fishing trips. Unauthorized gear, a double-ring net (DR), was used most frequently (>70% of the fishers) for crab fishing, although authorized single-ring nets and Chesapeake traps (CT) were also used with low frequency. The estimated fishing effort was 641 boats/day in the four coastal lagoons, which was 34% more than authorized, and 818 boats/day were employed in all of Sinaloa. A total of 57 479 fishing gears were estimated for the study area, which was 49.9% greater than the maximum authorized number, and 80 822 nominal fishing gears were estimated for the entire Sinaloa crab fishery, 14.15% more than the total gear limit (70 800). The size of the mesh used in the gear was smaller than the authorized limit of 76 mm, and >50% of the catches included crabs of unlawful size. It is argued that the effort must be regulated in terms of the number of vessels, per unit time, and not the number of gears. The information from this study demonstrates a failure to monitor compliance with current regulations and thus means that other strategies for the sustainable management of the fishery, such as co-management, should be tested.
The Investigative Scope of Article 8(2)(b)(viii) of the Rome Statute before the icc within the Palestine Situation
Authors: Knoops Geert-Jan Alexander , van Giessen Ine 
Published: January 2018

This article aims to analyse the pitfalls and prospects of the preliminary examinations Prosecutor’s Office of the International Criminal Court (otp) into the situation in Palestine. The otp opened the preliminary examination into the situation in Palestine on 16 January 2015 covering the timeframe as of 13 June 2014, the start of Israel’s military operation – ‘Protective Edge’ – into Gaza. The request of Palestine to investigate aims also at alleged crimes committed on ‘occupied territories’ by Israel. One of the most pertinent questions will be the basis upon which the otp is to determine this qualification of occupied territories. The authors introduce legal rights to the territories, through a teleological interpretation of Art. 21(1)(b).
Rome Statute, within the prosecutorial test of Art. 53(1) Rome Statute, i.e. the existence of ‘a reasonable basis to proceed’ to initiate an investigation.
Народні уявлення про хвороби крізь призму фразеології української та польської мов
Authors: Чибор [Chybor] Ірина [Iryna] Степанівна [Stepanivna] 
Published: January 2018

Folk perceptions of disease through the prism of Ukrainian and Polish phraseologyThe article analyzes the phraseological units of the Ukrainian and Polish languages motivated by folk perceptions of the etiology of diseases; describes ethnocultural features of the formation of the analyzed units; and reveals that in Ukrainian and Polish phraseology the idea of personification and demonic origin of diseases is highlighted by coding in the phraseological units: 1) the outward appearance of mythical creatures similar to the appearance of an afflicted person; 2) specific actions of the personified disease that lead to the deterioration of health or even death; 3) folk ways of treating illness and so on. Ludowe wyobrażenia o chorobach przez pryzmat frazeologii języka ukraińskiego i polskiegoW artykule przeanalizowano jednostki frazeologiczne języka ukraińskiego i polskiego motywowane ludowymi wyobrażeniami o etiologii chorób; opisano etnokulturową specyfikę tworzenia badanych jednostek; oraz ustalono, że we frazeologii języka ukraińskiego i polskiego wyobrażenia o personifikacjach i demonicznym pochodzeniu chorób odzwierciedlone są za sprawą kodowania w jednostkach frazeologicznych: 1) osobliwości wyglądu zewnętrznego istoty mitycznej podobnego do wyglądu zewnętrznego chorego człowieka; 2) konkretnych działań uosobionej choroby, które prowadzą do pogorszenia samopoczucia albo śmierci; 3)ludowych sposobów leczenia choroby itd.
Sources of Intermodel Spread in the Lapse Rate and Water Vapor Feedbacks
Authors: Po-Chedley Stephen , Armour Kyle C. , Bitz Cecilia M. , Zelinka Mark D. , Santer Benjamin D. , Fu Qiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSources of intermodel differences in the global lapse rate (LR) and water vapor (WV) feedbacks are assessed using CO2 forcing simulations from 28 general circulation models. Tropical surface warming leads to significant warming and moistening in the tropical and extratropical upper troposphere, signifying a nonlocal, tropical influence on extratropical radiation and feedbacks. Model spread in the locally defined LR and WV feedbacks is pronounced in the Southern Ocean because of large-scale ocean upwelling, which reduces surface warming and decouples the surface from the tropospheric response. The magnitude of local extratropical feedbacks across models and over time is well characterized using the ratio of tropical to extratropical surface warming. It is shown that model differences in locally defined LR and WV feedbacks, particularly over the southern extratropics, drive model variability in the global feedbacks. The cross-model correlation between the global LR and WV feedbacks therefore does not arise from their covariation in the tropics, but rather from the pattern of warming exerting a common control on extratropical feedback responses. Because local feedbacks over the Southern Hemisphere are an important contributor to the global feedback, the partitioning of surface warming between the tropics and the southern extratropics is a key determinant of the spread in the global LR and WV feedbacks. It is also shown that model Antarctic sea ice climatology influences sea ice area changes and southern extratropical surface warming. As a result, model discrepancies in climatological Antarctic sea ice area have a significant impact on the intermodel spread of the global LR and WV feedbacks.
Covariability of Near-Surface Wind Speed Statistics and Mesoscale Sea Surface Temperature Fluctuations
Authors: Gemmrich Johannes , Monahan Adam 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe atmospheric (ABL) and ocean (OBL) boundary layers are intimately linked via mechanical and thermal coupling processes. In many regions over the world’s oceans, this results in a strong covariability between anomalies in wind speed and SST. At oceanic mesoscale, this coupling can be driven either from the atmosphere or the ocean. Gridded SST and wind speed data at 0.25° resolution show that over the western North Atlantic, the ABL mainly responds to the OBL, whereas in the eastern North Pacific and in the Southern Ocean, the OBL largely responds to wind speed anomalies. This general behavior is also verified by in situ buoy observations in the Atlantic and Pacific. A stochastic, nondimensional, 1D coupled air–sea boundary layer model is utilized to assess the relative importance of the coupling processes. For regions of little intrinsic SST fluctuations (i.e., most regions of the world’s oceans away from strong temperature fronts), the inclusion of cold water entrainment at the thermocline is crucial. In regions with strong frontal activities (e.g., the western boundary regions), the coupling is dominated by the SST fluctuations, and the frontal variability needs to be included in models. Generally, atmospheric and ocean-driven coupling lead to an opposite relationship between SST and wind speed fluctuations. This effect can be especially important for higher wind speed quantiles.
Efficient Methods to Account for Cloud-Top Inclination and Cloud Overlap in Synthetic Visible Satellite Images
Authors: Scheck Leonhard , Weissmann Martin , Mayer Bernhard 
Published: January 2018

AbstractVisible satellite images contain high-resolution information about clouds that would be well suited for convective-scale data assimilation. This application requires a forward operator to generate synthetic images from the output of numerical weather prediction models. Only recently have 1D radiative transfer (RT) solvers become sufficiently fast for this purpose. Here computationally efficient methods are proposed to increase the accuracy and consistency of an operator based on the Method for Fast Satellite Image Synthesis (MFASIS) 1D RT. Two important problems are addressed: the 3D RT effects related to inclined cloud tops and the overlap of subgrid clouds. It is demonstrated that in a rotated frame of reference, an approximate solution for the 3D RT problem can be obtained by solving a computationally much cheaper 1D RT problem. Several deterministic and stochastic schemes that take the overlap of subgrid clouds into account are discussed. The impact of the inclination correction and the overlap schemes is evaluated for synthetic 0.6-μm SEVIRI images computed from operational forecasts of the German-focused COSMO (COSMO-DE) Model for a test period in May–June 2016. The cloud-top inclination correction increases the information content of the synthetic images considerably and reduces systematic errors, in particular for larger solar zenith angles. Taking subgrid cloud overlap into account is essential to avoid large systematic errors. The results obtained using several different 2D cloud overlap schemes are very similar, whereas small but significant differences are found for the most consistent 3D method, which accounts for the fact that the RT problem is solved for columns tilted toward the satellite.
Factor XI contributes to myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice
Authors: Lorentz Christina U. , Verbout Norah G. , Cao Zhiping , Liu Lijuan , Hinds Monica T. , McCarty Owen J. T. , Ivanov Ivan , Tucker Erik I. , Gailani David , Gruber András 
Published: January 2018

Key Points
Inhibiting contact activation of factor XI during reperfusion of acute myocardial ischemia reduces infarct size in mice. Factor XII/XI contact axis inhibition may improve the outcome of coronary artery recanalization in acute myocardial infarction.
Vitamin D in patients with intellectual and developmental disability in secure in-patient services in the North of England, UK
Authors: McKinnon Iain , Lewis Thomas , Mehta Naomi , Imrit Shahed , Thorp Julie , Ince Chris 
Published: January 2018

Aims and methodTo assess the benefits of the introduction of routine vitamin D serum sampling for all patients admitted to a secure in-patient hospital in the North of England providing medium security, low security and rehabilitation services for offenders with intellectual and developmental disability. The vitamin D levels of 100 patients were analysed at baseline. Those with insufficient or deficient levels were offered treatment and retested after 1 year. Vitamin D levels were analysed in the context of level of security, seasonality of test and co-prescription of psychotropic medications.ResultsEighty-three per cent of patients had suboptimal vitamin D levels at initial test (41% deficient and 42% insufficient). This was seen among established patients and new admissions. Regression analysis of baseline vitamin D levels revealed no differences for levels of security, seasonality, whether patients were taking antipsychotic or anticonvulsant medication, or length of stay. Patients with deficiency or insufficiency were all offered supplementation. Those who opted in had significantly higher vitamin D levels at follow-up, compared with those who declined treatment.Clinical implicationsEstablished and newly admitted patients in our secure mental health services had substantial levels of vitamin D insufficiency. In the light of the morbidities that are associated with deficient vitamin D levels, routine screening and the offer of supplementation is advisable.Declaration of interestNone.
Novel Health Information Technology Tool Use by Adult Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Longitudinal Quantitative and Qualitative Patient-Reported Outcomes
Authors: Runaas Lyndsey , Hoodin Flora , Munaco Anna , Fauer Alex , Sankaran Roshun , Churay Tracey , Mohammed Saara , Seyedsalehi Sajjad , Chappell Grant , Carlozzi Noelle , Fetters Michael D. , Kentor Rachel , McDiarmid Leah , Brookshire Kristina , Warfield Casiana , Byrd Michelle , Kaziunas Sharon , Maher Molly , Magenau John , An Larry , Cohn Amy , Hanauer David A. , Choi Sung Won 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Health information technology (IT) is an ideal medium to improve the delivery of patient-centered care and increase patient engagement. Health IT interventions should be designed with the end user in mind and be specific to the needs of a given population. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), commonly referred to as blood and marrow transplantation (BMT), is a prime example of a complex medical procedure where patient-caregiver-provider engagement is central to a safe and successful outcome. We have previously reported on the design and development of an HCT-specific health IT tool, BMT Roadmap. Methods This study highlights longitudinal quantitative and qualitative patient-reported outcomes (PROs) in 20 adult patients undergoing allogeneic HCT. Patients completed PROs at three time points (baseline, day 30 post-HTC, and day 100 post-HCT) and provided weekly qualitative data through semistructured interviews while using BMT Roadmap. Results The mean hospital stay was 23.3 days (range, 17 to 37 days), and patients had access to BMT Roadmap for a mean of 21.3 days (range, 15 to 37 days). The total time spent on BMT Roadmap ranged from 0 to 139 minutes per patient, with a mean of 55 minutes (standard deviation, 47.6 minutes). We found that patients readily engaged with the tool and completed qualitative interviews and quantitative PROs. The Patient Activation Measure, a validated measure of patient engagement, increased for patients from baseline to discharge and day 100. Activation was significantly and negatively correlated with depression and anxiety PROs at discharge, suggesting that this may be an important time point for intervention. Conclusion Given the feasibility and promising results reported in this study, next steps include expanding our current health IT platform and implementing a randomized trial to assess the impact of BMT Roadmap on critical PROs.
Using Process Improvement Tools to Improve the Care of Patients With Neutropenic Fever in the Emergency Room
Authors: Dang Avantika , Gjolaj Lauren N. , Whitman Myka , Fernandez Gustavo 
Published: January 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to improve the care of patients with neutropenic fever in an academic acute care hospital’s emergency room (ER). Methods: Using the define, measure, analyze, improve, control method, a two-phase project with three critical to quality metrics (reduction in time to antibiotic administration, increase in percentage of patients with neutropenic fever identified as an oncology emergency, and increase in patients cohorted on oncology units) was completed. Phase I consisted of implementation of best practices (ie, use of neutropenic fever protocol and order set, altering ER workflow, and educating patients and staff). In phase II, the team drew from cardiac and stroke alerts and response teams and implemented an innovative hospital‐wide overhead neutropenic fever alert and an ER neutropenic fever response team. Results: After implementing phase I interventions, the time to antibiotic administration decreased from a mean of 100 minutes at baseline to a mean of 67 minutes. After implementing phase II interventions, the mean decreased by 73%, from 100 minutes at baseline to 27 minutes. Furthermore, after phase II interventions, 89% of neutropenic patients were assigned an Emergency Severity Index of 2 and 88% were placed appropriately in a bed on the oncology floor on admission, compared with 11% and 74%, respectively, at baseline. Conclusion: Interventions were effective at improving three critical to quality metrics. Multiple iterations of the define, measure, analyze, improve, control cycle, together with new innovative interventions, were crucial to meeting project goals.
Five Steps to Successfully Implement and Evaluate Propensity Score Matching in Clinical Research Studies
Authors: Staffa Steven J. , Zurakowski David 
Published: January 2018

In clinical research, the gold standard level of evidence is the randomized controlled trial (RCT). The availability of nonrandomized retrospective data is growing; however, a primary concern of analyzing such data is comparability of the treatment groups with respect to confounding variables. Propensity score matching (PSM) aims to equate treatment groups with respect to measured baseline covariates to achieve a comparison with reduced selection bias. It is a valuable statistical methodology that mimics the RCT, and it may create an “apples to apples” comparison while reducing bias due to confounding. PSM can improve the quality of anesthesia research and broaden the range of research opportunities. PSM is not necessarily a magic bullet for poor-quality data, but rather may allow the researcher to achieve balanced treatment groups similar to a RCT when high-quality observational data are available. PSM may be more appealing than the common approach of including confounders in a regression model because it allows for a more intuitive analysis of a treatment effect between 2 comparable groups.We present 5 steps that anesthesiologists can use to successfully implement PSM in their research with an example from the 2015 Pediatric National Surgical Quality Improvement Program: a validated, annually updated surgery and anesthesia pediatric database. The first step of PSM is to identify its feasibility with regard to the data at hand and ensure availability of data on any potential confounders. The second step is to obtain the set of propensity scores from a logistic regression model with treatment group as the outcome and the balancing factors as predictors. The third step is to match patients in the 2 treatment groups with similar propensity scores, balancing all factors. The fourth step is to assess the success of the matching with balance diagnostics, graphically or analytically. The fifth step is to apply appropriate statistical methodology using the propensity-matched data to compare outcomes among treatment groups.PSM is becoming an increasingly more popular statistical methodology in medical research. It often allows for improved evaluation of a treatment effect that may otherwise be invalid due to a lack of balance between the 2 treatment groups with regard to confounding variables. PSM may increase the level of evidence of a study and in turn increases the strength and generalizability of its results. Our step-by-step approach provides a useful strategy for anesthesiologists to implement PSM in their future research.
Validation of a Second-Generation Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Monitor in Children With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Nasr Viviane G. , Bergersen Lisa T. , Lin Hung-Mo , Benni Paul B. , Bernier Rachel S. , Anderson Michelle E. , Kussman Barry D. 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:Cerebral oximetry using near-infrared spectroscopy is a noninvasive optical technology to detect cerebral hypoxia-ischemia and develop interventions to prevent and ameliorate hypoxic brain injury. Cerebral oximeters are calibrated and validated by comparison of the near-infrared spectroscopy–measured cerebral O2saturation (SctO2) to a “field” or reference O2saturation (REF CX) calculated as a weighted average from arterial and jugular bulb oxygen saturations. In this study, we calibrated and validated the second-generation, 5 wavelength, FORE-SIGHT Elite with the medium sensor (source-detector separation 12 and 40 mm) for measurement of SctO2in children with congenital heart disease.METHODS:After institutional review board approval and written informed consent, 63 children older than 1 month and ≥2.5 kg scheduled for cardiac catheterization were enrolled. Self-adhesive FORE-SIGHT Elite medium sensors were placed on the right and left sides of the forehead. Blood samples for calculation of REF CX were drawn simultaneously from the aorta or femoral artery and the jugular bulb before (T1) and shortly after (T2) baseline hemodynamic measurements. FORE-SIGHT Elite SctO2measurements were compared to the REF CX (REF CX = [0.3 SaO2] + [0.7 SjbO2]) using Deming regression, least squares linear regression, and Bland-Altman analysis.RESULTS:Sixty-one subjects (4.5 [standard deviation 4.4] years of age; 17 [standard deviation 13] kg, male 56%) completed the study protocol. Arterial oxygen saturation ranged from 64.7% to 99.1% (median 96.0%), jugular bulb venous oxygen saturation from 34.1% to 88.1% (median 68.2%), the REF CX from 43.8% to 91.4% (median 76.9%), and the SctO2from 47.8% to 90.8% (median 76.3%). There was a high degree of correlation in SctO2between the right and left sensors at a given time point (within subject between sensor correlationr= 0.91 and 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85–0.94) or between T1 and T2 for the right and left sensors (replicates, within subject between time point correlationr= 0.95 and 95% CI, 0.92–0.96). By Deming regression, the estimated slope was 0.966 (95% CI, 0.786–1.147;P= .706 for testing against null hypothesis of slope = 1) with ayintercept of 2.776 (95% CI, −11.102 to 16.654;P= .689). The concordance correlation coefficient was 0.873 (95% CI, 0.798–0.922). Bland-Altman analysis for agreement between SctO2and REF CX that accounted for repeated measures (both in times and sensors) found a bias of −0.30% (95% limits of agreement: −10.56% to 9.95%).CONCLUSIONS:This study calibrated and validated the FORE-SIGHT Elite tissue oximeter to accurately measure SctO2in pediatric patients with the medium sensor.