bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of Electronic Health Records for Early Detection of High‐Cost, Low Back Pain Patients
Authors: Maeng Daniel D , Stewart Walter F , Yan Xiaowei , Boscarino Joseph A , Mardekian Jack , Harnett James , Von Korff Michael R 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) is a debilitating condition that is complex to manage. One reason is that clinicians lack means to identify early on patients who are likely to become high care utilizers.OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of developing a ‘dynamic’ predictive model using electronic health record data to identify costly LBP patients within the first year after their initial LBP encounter with a primary care provider. Dynamic, in this context, indicates a process in which the decision on how to manage patients is dependent on whether they are at their first, second or third LBP visit with the provider.METHODS: A series of logistic regression models was developed to predict who will be a high‐cost patient (defined as top 30% of the cost distribution) at each of the first three LBP visits.RESULTS: The c‐statistics of the three logistic regression models corresponding to each of the first three visits were 0.683, 0.795 and 0.741, respectively. The overall sensitivity of the model was 42%, the specificity was 86% and the positive predictive value was 48%. Men were more likely to become expensive than women, while patients who had workers’ compensation as their primary payer type had higher use of prescription opioid drugs or were smokers before the first LBP visit were also more likely to become expensive.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that it is feasible to develop a dynamic, primary care provider visit‐based predictive model for LBP care based on longitudinal data obtained via electronic health records.
Prevalence of Celiac Disease and Celiac Autoimmunity in the Toba Native Amerindian Community of Argentina
Authors: Vázquez Horacio , de la Paz Temprano María , Sugai Emilia , Scacchi Stella M , Souza Cecilia , Cisterna Daniel , Smecuol Edgardo , Moreno María Laura , Longarini Gabriela , Mazure Roberto , Bartellini María A , Verdú Elena F , González Andrea , Mauriño Eduardo , Bai Julio C 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) is mostly recognized among subjects with a Caucasian ethnic ancestry. No studies have explored conditions predisposing Amerindians to CD.OBJECTIVE: To prospectively assess environmental, genetic and serological conditions associated with CD among members of the Toba native population attending a multidisciplinary sanitary mission.METHODS: An expert nutritionist determined daily gluten intake using an established questionnaire. Gene typing for the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II alleles was performed on DNA extracted from peripheral blood (HLA DQ2/DQ8 haplotype). Serum antibodies were immunoglobulin (Ig) A tissue transglutaminase (tTG) and the composite deamidated gliadin peptides/tTG Screen test. Positive cases were tested for IgA endomysial antibodies.RESULTS: A total of 144 subjects (55% female) were screened. The estimated mean gluten consumption was 43 g/day (range 3 g/day to 185 g/day). Genetic typing showed that 73 of 144 (50.7%) subjects had alleles associated with CD; 69 (94.5%) of these subjects had alleles for HLA DQ8 and four had DQ2 (5.5%). Four and six subjects had antibody concentrations above the cut-off established by the authors’ laboratory (>3 times the upper limit of normal) for IgA tTG and deamidated gliadin peptides/tTG screen, respectively. Four of these had concomitant positivity for both assays and endomysial antibodies were positive in three subjects who also presented a predisposing haplotype.CONCLUSION: The present study was the first to detect CD in Amerindians. The native Toba ethnic population has very high daily gluten consumption and a predisposing genetic background. We detected subjects with persistent CD autoimmunity and, at least, three of them fulfilled serological criteria for CD diagnosis.
Neutrophil Infiltration and the Distribution of Intestinal Metaplasia Is Associated with Metachronous Gastric Cancer following Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
Authors: Sugimoto Takafumi , Yamaji Yutaka , Sakitani Kosuke , Isomura Yoshihiro , Yoshida Shuntaro , Yamada Atsuo , Hirata Yoshihiro , Ogura Keiji , Okamoto Makoto , Koike Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of early gastric cancer is a minimally invasive procedure. However, the risk for metachronous cancers after successful cancer treatment remains high and the risk factors for metachronous cancers have not been elucidated.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk factors for metachronous gastric cancers after ESD with a long-term follow-up.METHODS: A total of 155 consecutive patients (119 men, 36 women, mean age 68.9 years) were treated with ESD between September 2000 and September 2009. Biopsy specimens were obtained from the greater curvature of the antrum and middle corpus to evaluate gastric mucosal status, includingHelicobacter pylori, intestinal metaplasia (IM) and neutrophil infiltration (NI) before ESD. Follow-up endoscopy after ESD was scheduled at two and six months, one year and annually thereafter.H pylorieradication was recommended when possible.RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 4.2 years. Metachronous gastric cancers were found in 23 of 155 patients (3.5% per year). No local recurrences were observed. The cumulative incidence of metachronous gastric cancer was significantly high in IM and NI in the corpus (P=0.0093 and P=0.0025, respectively [log-rank test]). The ORs for IM and NI in the corpus were 2.65 and 3.06, respectively, according to the Cox proportional hazards model (P=0.024 and P=0.0091, respectively).CONCLUSIONS: The presence of IM and NI in the corpus was closely related to the development of metachronous gastric cancer after ESD.
Hospital Volume and Other Risk Factors for In-Hospital Mortality among Diverticulitis Patients: A Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Diamant Michael J , Coward Stephanie , Buie W Donald , MacLean Anthony , Dixon Elijah , Ball Chad G , Schaffer Samuel , Kaplan Gilaad G 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that a higher volume of colorectal surgery was associated with lower mortality rates. While diverticulitis is an increasingly common condition, the effect of hospital volume on outcomes among diverticulitis patients is unknown.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between hospital volume and other factors on in-hospital mortality among patients admitted for diverticulitis.METHODS: Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (years 1993 to 2008) were analyzed to identify 822,865 patients representing 4,108,726 admissions for diverticulitis. Hospitals were divided into quartiles based on the volume of diverticulitis cases admitted over the study period, adjusted for years contributed to the dataset. Mortality according to hospital volume was modelled using logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, race, comorbidities, health care insurance, admission type, calendar year, colectomy, disease severity and clustering. Risk estimates were expressed as adjusted ORs with 95% CIs.RESULTS: Patients at high-volume hospitals were more likely to be admitted emergently, undergo surgical treatment and have more severe disease. In-hospital mortality was higher among the lowest quartile of hospital volume compared with the highest volume (OR 1.13 [95% CI 1.05 to 1.21]). In-hospital mortality was increased among patients admitted emergently (OR 2.58 [95% CI 2.40 to 2.78]) as well as those receiving surgical treatment (OR 3.60 [95% CI 3.42 to 3.78]).CONCLUSIONS: Diverticulitis patients admitted to hospitals with a low volume of diverticulitis cases had an increased risk for death compared with those admitted to high-volume centres.
Overdiagnosis in Mammographic Screening because of Competing Risk of Death
Authors: Falk Ragnhild Sorum , Hofvind Solveig 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Background: Different definitions and estimates of overdiagnosis in mammographic screening reflect a substantial need to investigate and understand the complexity of the issue. This modeling study aims to estimate the number of overdiagnosed women, defined as those diagnosed with breast cancer who die from any cause within the lead-time period.
Methods: We used numbers from incidence and death statistics available online and published estimates of lead-time. Postulated cohorts of screened and not screened women ages 50 to 51 were followed for a period corresponding to 10 biennial screening exams during 20 years, and a further 10 years, to ages 78 to 79. The increase in breast cancer incidence because of screening was estimated based on lead-time. The proportion of women diagnosed with breast cancer who died within the lead-time period was assessed based on the differences in the cumulative number of breast cancer diagnosed in a nonscreened and screened cohort.
Results: The proportion of inevitable overdiagnosed women in a screened versus nonscreened cohort was 1.9% for England and Wales and 1.8% for Norway. Sensitivity analyses using various assumptions increased the estimates up to a maximum of 4%.
Conclusion: The proportion of women with breast cancer diagnosed after participation in a screening program who died within the estimated lead-time period was less than 4%. This inevitable proportion of overdiagnosis should be emphasized in the definition and communication of the issue.
Impact: The issue of overdiagnosis is complex and estimates should be interpreted with substantial care. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 759–65. ©2016 AACR.
Assessment of Multifactor Gene–Environment Interactions and Ovarian Cancer Risk: Candidate Genes, Obesity, and Hormone-Related Risk Factors
Authors: Usset Joseph L. , Raghavan Rama , Tyrer Jonathan P. , McGuire Valerie , Sieh Weiva , Webb Penelope , Chang-Claude Jenny , Rudolph Anja , Anton-Culver Hoda , Berchuck Andrew , Brinton Louise , Cunningham Julie M. , DeFazio Anna , Doherty Jennifer A. , Edwards Robert P. , Gayther Simon A. , Gentry-Maharaj Aleksandra , Goodman Marc T. , Høgdall Estrid , Jensen Allan , Johnatty Sharon E. , Kiemeney Lambertus A. , Kjaer Susanne K. , Larson Melissa C. , Lurie Galina , Massuger Leon , Menon Usha , Modugno Francesmary , Moysich Kirsten B. , Ness Roberta B. , Pike Malcolm C. , Ramus Susan J. , Rossing Mary Anne , Rothstein Joseph , Song Honglin , Thompson Pamela J. , van den Berg David J. , Vierkant Robert A. , Wang-Gohrke Shan , Wentzensen Nicolas , Whittemore Alice S. , Wilkens Lynne R. , Wu Anna H. , Yang Hannah , Pearce Celeste Leigh , Schildkraut Joellen M. , Pharoah Paul , Goode Ellen L. , Fridley Brooke L. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Background: Many epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) risk factors relate to hormone exposure and elevated estrogen levels are associated with obesity in postmenopausal women. Therefore, we hypothesized that gene–environment interactions related to hormone-related risk factors could differ between obese and non-obese women.
Methods: We considered interactions between 11,441 SNPs within 80 candidate genes related to hormone biosynthesis and metabolism and insulin-like growth factors with six hormone-related factors (oral contraceptive use, parity, endometriosis, tubal ligation, hormone replacement therapy, and estrogen use) and assessed whether these interactions differed between obese and non-obese women. Interactions were assessed using logistic regression models and data from 14 case–control studies (6,247 cases; 10,379 controls). Histotype-specific analyses were also completed.
Results: SNPs in the following candidate genes showed notable interaction: IGF1R (rs41497346, estrogen plus progesterone hormone therapy, histology = all, P = 4.9 × 10−6) and ESR1 (rs12661437, endometriosis, histology = all, P = 1.5 × 10−5). The most notable obesity–gene–hormone risk factor interaction was within INSR (rs113759408, parity, histology = endometrioid, P = 8.8 × 10−6).
Conclusions: We have demonstrated the feasibility of assessing multifactor interactions in large genetic epidemiology studies. Follow-up studies are necessary to assess the robustness of our findings for ESR1, CYP11A1, IGF1R, CYP11B1, INSR, and IGFBP2. Future work is needed to develop powerful statistical methods able to detect these complex interactions.
Impact: Assessment of multifactor interaction is feasible, and, here, suggests that the relationship between genetic variants within candidate genes and hormone-related risk factors may vary EOC susceptibility. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(5); 780–90. ©2016 AACR.
FDA Approval of Gefitinib for the Treatment of Patients with Metastatic EGFR Mutation–Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Kazandjian Dickran , Blumenthal Gideon M. , Yuan Weishi , He Kun , Keegan Patricia , Pazdur Richard 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
On July 13, 2015, the FDA approved gefitinib (Iressa; AstraZeneca UK Limited) for the treatment of patients with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have EGFR exon 19 deletions or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations as detected by an FDA-approved test. Concurrently, a labeling expansion of the therascreen EGFR RGQ PCR Kit (Qiagen) as a companion diagnostic test was approved. The approval was based on the results of a multicenter, single-arm, open-label clinical study of 106 treatment-naïve patients with metastatic EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC who received gefitinib, 250 mg daily, until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The major efficacy outcome was RECIST v1.1 objective response rate (ORR). The blinded independent central review (BICR) ORR was 50% [95% confidence interval (CI), 41–59] with a median duration of response (DoR) of 6.0 months. Efficacy results were supported by a retrospective exploratory analysis of a subset of a randomized, multicenter, open-label trial on 1,217 patients with metastatic NSCLC. Of the patients randomized, 186 (15%) were retrospectively determined to be EGFR positive and evaluable for a BICR assessment. The HR for progression-free survival (PFS) was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.38–0.79), favoring gefitinib over platinum-doublet chemotherapy. The most common (≥20%) adverse reactions were skin reactions, increased aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, proteinuria, and diarrhea. Approximately 5% of patients discontinued treatment due to an adverse reaction. Given the safety profile and clinically meaningful ORR, DoR, and PFS, the benefit–risk analysis was deemed favorable for FDA approval. Clin Cancer Res; 22(6); 1307–12. ©2016 AACR.
Relaxation time distribution obtained from a Debye decomposition of spectral induced polarization data
Authors: Ustra Andrea , Mendonça Carlos Alberto , Ntarlagiannis Dimitrios , Slater Lee D. 
Published: March 2016

We have developed an alternative formulation for Debye decomposition of complex electric conductivity spectra, by recasting it into a new set of parameters with a close relationship to the continuous formulation for the complex conductivity method. The procedure determines a relaxation time distribution (RTD) and two frequency-independent parameters that modulate the complex conductivity spectra. These two parameters represent (1) the direct current contribution and (2) the conductivity range spanned by the low- and high-frequency limits. The distribution of relaxation times quantifies the contribution of each distinct relaxation process. Assuming that characteristic times with insignificant contributions can be ignored, a minimum set of characteristic relaxation times is determined. Each contribution can then be associated with specific polarization processes that can be interpreted in terms of electrochemical or interfacial parameters of mechanistic models derived from inverted parameters obtained from the proposed approach. Synthetic tests show that the procedure can fit spectral induced polarization (SIP) data and successfully retrieve the RTD. We have applied the procedure to laboratory SIP data from experiments with sand and oil mixtures undergoing microbial degradation of hydrocarbons. The RTD reveals evidence of a length scale at which a new polarization process takes place as a result of the biodegradation process.
Automatic approximate mapping of the subsurface resistivity from apparent resistivity data using geostatistics
Authors: Santana Jerbeson M. , Medeiros Walter E. 
Published: March 2016

We have developed a new method for the approximate mapping of subsurface resistivity based on a geostatistical approach. We have used the characteristic points (CPs) of a resistivity sounding, which are their inflection and extreme (maximum and minimum) points. The methodology consists of five stages: (1) smoothing the geoelectric soundings to assure stability in the presence of measurement errors, (2) identifying the CPs in the smoothed versions of the geoelectric soundings, (3) obtaining subsurface sparse point resistivity estimates for the subsurface resistivity from the CPs, using empirical relationships between electrode spacing and penetration depth, (4) calculating semivariograms using the subsurface sparse point resistivity estimates, and fitting them with semivariogram models, and, finally, (5) estimating the subsurface resistivity distribution by kriging interpolation of the sparse point estimates. No explicit assumption is made about the true subsurface resistivity and, as result, the method can be applied to models of any dimension, given that the empirical rule for the penetration depth is approximately valid. Computationally, the method is very fast because no numerical modeling (either direct or inverse) is demanded and the most intensive computer operation is just a kriging interpolation. Given its independence of the model dimension and stability in the presence of measurement errors, the method can be readily implemented as a fast automatic method of interpretation. As result, the best scenario to apply the method is the initial treatment of large data sets. The methodology was developed, with synthetic and field data, using direct current (DC) resistivity soundings obtained with the Schlumberger array. The proposed method might be generalized for other DC-resistivity arrays and electromagnetic techniques based on resistivity soundings.
Activated Hippo/Yes-Associated Protein Pathway Promotes Cell Proliferation and Anti-apoptosis in Endometrial Stromal Cells of Endometriosis
Authors: Song Yong , Fu Jing , Zhou Min , Xiao Li , Feng Xue , Chen Hengxi , Huang Wei 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Context:
The imbalance in cell proliferation and apoptosis is considered an important role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis, but the exact mechanisms remains unclear. A newly established signaling pathway–Hippo/Yes-associated protein (YAP) pathway plays a critical role in the proliferation and apoptosis processes. However, studies focusing on Hippo/YAP pathway and endometriosis are lacking.

Objective:
The objective was to explore the function of the Hippo/YAP pathway in endometriosis.

Setting and Design:
The expression of YAP was first investigated in endometrium of women with or without endometriosis. The role of YAP in cell proliferation and apoptosis is identified by transfection of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) in vitro, subsequent Verteporfin treatments in eutopic ESCs in vitro, and endometriosis animal model of nude mice in vivo.

Results:
Our results revealed that increased expression of YAP and decreased expression of p-YAP in ectopic and eutopic endometrium compared with normal endometrium. YAP knockdown in eutopic ESCs decreased cell proliferation and enhanced cell apoptosis companied with decreased expression of TEAD1, CTGF, and B-cell lymphoma/leukemia (BCL)-2; whereas overexpression of YAP resulted in increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of normal ESCs with increased expression of TEAD1, CTGF, and BCL-2. By chromatin immunoprecipitation qPCR CTGF and BCL-2 were identified as directly downstream target genes of YAP-TEAD1 active complex. Eutopic ESCs treated with Verteporfin revealed decreased proliferation and enhanced apoptosis whereas in endometriosis animal models of nude mice treated with Verteporfin, the size of endometriotic lesions was significantly reduced.

Conclusions:
Our study suggests that the Hippo/YAP-signaling pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis and should present a novel therapeutic method against endometriosis.
TIPOLOGI PERMUKIMAN KUMUH KAWASAN PESISIR DI KELURAHAN WOLOMARANG KOTA MAUMERE (Slum Typology In Coastal Zone of The Wolomarang District Maumere City)
Authors: Hamid Nevi Vilianty , . Sunarti 
Published: March 2016

<p>The higher the population growth is the main factor driving the increase will need space, this is experienced by most of the town of Maumere wake region located in the coastal zone. Since several decades ago, many coastal areas visited and occupied by people from other regions one of which is Sulawesi. Bajo society known as the sailors accomplished by bringing habits/ customs of the region of origin, they occupy the coastal areas in the Wolomarang District and start doing activities around the coast such as living with inadequate infrastructure. Most of the people work as fishermen with low incomes who can only meet the needs of life in the form of clothing, food and potluck board. Settlements in the coastal area currently has problems of slum formation as seen from the physical building and environmental conditions that have no drainage and sanitation. </p><p>This study aims to identify the cause of the formation of slums typology of coastal areas in the Wolomarang District Maumere City. To achieve these objectives is necessary to identify the assessment of physical and non physical aspects, social aspects of cultural, economic, regiona characteristics, and policy aspects of coastal spatial planning. Coastal areas has also become one of the central development region of East Nusa Tenggara Province.The method used in this study is to perform quantitative data collection through field surveys (questionnaires, interviews and observations) and a survey instansional (government). Respondents in this study were in the Wolomarang District coastal communities and relevant agencies in the town of Maumere. Data and information from the public and relevant agencies will be directly assessed based on the mapping, frequency distributions and descriptive qualitative analysis.</p><p>The results of some analysis has been done shows that the typology of coastal slums Wolomarang District is the settlement stage type, the type of semi-permanent and permanent type. Typology of slum formation in the coastal zone is influenced by two factors: economic factors related to location of work and low incomes, and a very strong cultural factors inherent in the society that is accustomed to living close to the sea by building a temporary condition. In its development to date in coastal settlements Wolomarang District the bay waters are carried out by reclamation, and the quality of slum settlements are included in weight. Location of residential communities that are along the road environment and spread irregularly, describe the condition of the settlement were not well ordered. The proposed recommendation is that the government needs to improve supervision and control of construction-related permits in coastal areas and the need for provision of basic infrastructure, i.e. drainage, sanitation and solid waste as well as increasing public knowledge related to the maintenance of settlements.</p>