bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ESTIMATION OF LENGTH AND SLOPE FACTOR (LS) AS EROSION PREDICTION IN WAY PUBIAN SUB WATERSHED
Authors: Romdania Yuda , Herison Ahmad 
Published: August 2024

Erosion caused by land degradation is one of the main challenges to soil quality around the world. One way to prevent erosion is by analyzing the length and slope factor (LS). The increasing length of the slope causes the higher amount of cumulative runoff and also the increasing steepness of the soil slope causes the higher speed of runoff that contributes to erosion. The purpose of this research is to analyze the LS factor value of Moore and Burch (1986) method and LS Nomograph for Way Pubian Subwatershed. The research method was done with Moore and Burch method and Nomograf LS. Moore and Burch (1986) method used the flow accumulation on DEM data as the main input in ArcGIS and the result shows the LS value ranged from 0 to 765.625 with an average (mean) value of 4.427. Meanwhile, the nomograph LS method resulted in high LS values and is not compatible with the Jakarta RTL-RLKT Preparation Implementation Guidelines (1986). Slope conditions affect the amount of surface flow so that it also affects the contribution of erosion and LS value. Way Pubian sub-watershed also classified as steep, resulting in a high LS value. Based on the method of Moore and Burch (1986) using ArcGIS software, we can conclude that the results of LS factor values can be used in Indonesia compared to the nomograph LS method which the results are less suitable due to topographic factors. As a result, the LS value from Moore and Burch (1986) method can be used in erosion prediction calculation.
ONE-STEP ETHANOL EXTRACTION FOR PRODUCING PURIFIED GLUCOMANNAN FLOUR FROM PORANG CHIPS (AMORPHOPHALLUS ONCOPHYLLUS)
Authors: Nurkhamidah Siti , Cahyarani Heksa Ayu , Widjaja Tri , Ni'mah Hikmatun , Wardhono Endarto 
Published: August 2024

Porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) is unable to be consumed directly due to high calcium oxalate content. Two methods commonly used to reduce calcium oxalate contents are a mechanical method by grinding and sieving and in chemical process by using sodium chloride immersion. Most studies focused on how to increase glucomannan content in porang flour. Glucomannan is a hydrocolloid complex sugar used as dietary fiber. It is utilized as a thickening agent, gel-forming agent, and applied in the food and pharmaceutical industries. In previous studies, purification of glucomannan has been done by milling fresh tuber and extraction with multilevel ethanol concentration. In this study, extraction with ethanol 50% and 70% have been done with a variation of extraction time: 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. For preparation, porang chips are ground and sieved into 40 mesh flour. After extraction, glucomannan flour was filtered and dried, then characterized. Glucomannan content, calcium oxalate content, moisture content, ash content, viscosity, morphology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were conducted. The experiment results show that the longer duration of extraction significantly decreased calcium oxalate content. Moisture content ranged from 9.99 – 10.85%. Better ash content was obtained at 50% ethanol, which exhibited under 3% of all immersion duration. The morphology of purified glucomannan flour observed through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed a small amount of calcium oxalate as indicated by a needle-like structure. Ethanol concentrations and extraction duration effects on the purity and characterization of glucomannan flour from porang chips have been discussed in detail in this study.
Myosin ATPase inhibition fails to rescue the metabolically dysregulated proteome of nebulin‐deficient muscle
Authors: Laitila Jenni , Seaborne Robert A. E. , Ranu Natasha , Kolb Justin S. , Wallgren‐Pettersson Carina , Witting Nanna , Vissing John , Vilchez Juan Jesus , Zanoteli Edmar , Palmio Johanna , Huovinen Sanna , Granzier Henk , Ochala Julien 
Published: August 2024

AbstractNemaline myopathy (NM) is a genetic muscle disease, primarily caused by mutations in the NEB gene (NEB‐NM) and with muscle myosin dysfunction as a major molecular pathogenic mechanism. Recently, we have observed that the myosin biochemical super‐relaxed state was significantly impaired in NEB‐NM, inducing an aberrant increase in ATP consumption and remodelling of the energy proteome in diseased muscle fibres. Because the small‐molecule Mavacamten is known to promote the myosin super‐relaxed state and reduce the ATP demand, we tested its potency in the context of NEB‐NM. We first conducted in vitro experiments in isolated single myofibres from patients and found that Mavacamten successfully reversed the myosin ATP overconsumption. Following this, we assessed its short‐term in vivo effects using the conditional nebulin knockout (cNeb KO) mouse model and subsequently performing global proteomics profiling in dissected soleus myofibres. After a 4 week treatment period, we observed a remodelling of a large number of proteins in both cNeb KO mice and their wild‐type siblings. Nevertheless, these changes were not related to the energy proteome, indicating that short‐term Mavacamten treatment is not sufficient to properly counterbalance the metabolically dysregulated proteome of cNeb KO mice. Taken together, our findings emphasize Mavacamten potency in vitro but challenge its short‐term efficacy in vivo.
imageKey points
No cure exists for nemaline myopathy, a type of genetic skeletal muscle disease mainly derived from mutations in genes encoding myofilament proteins.
Applying Mavacamten, a small molecule directly targeting the myofilaments, to isolated membrane‐permeabilized muscle fibres from human patients restored myosin energetic disturbances.
Treating a mouse model of nemaline myopathy in vivo with Mavacamten for 4 weeks, remodelled the skeletal muscle fibre proteome without any noticeable effects on energetic proteins.
Short‐term Mavacamten treatment may not be sufficient to reverse the muscle phenotype in nemaline myopathy.
Reductions in functional muscle mass and ability to ambulate in Duchenne muscular dystrophy from ages 4 to 24 years
Authors: Evans William J. , Hellerstein Marc , Butterfield Russell J. , Smith Edward , Guglieri Michela , Katz Natalie , Nave Brittany , Branigan Lauren , Thera Stephanie , Vordos Kalista L. , Behar Laura , Schiava Marianela , James Meredith K. , Field Tyler , Mohammed Hussein , Shankaran Mahalakshmi 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) results in a progressive loss of functional skeletal muscle mass (MM) and replacement with fibrofatty tissue. Accurate evaluation of MM in DMD patients has not previously been available. Our objective was to measure MM using the D3creatine (D3Cr) dilution method and determine its relationship with strength and functional capacity in patients with DMD over a wide range of ages. Subjects were recruited for participation in a 12 month, longitudinal, observational study. Here, we report the baseline data. A 20 mg dose of D3Cr dissolved in water was ingested by 92 patients with DMD (ages 4–25 years) followed later with a fasting urine sample. Enrichment of D3creatinine was determined by liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis. The North Star Ambulatory Assessment (NSAA) total score was determined for ambulatory participants, and the Performance of Upper Limb (PUL 2.0) total score and grip strength for all participants. We observed a significant age‐associated increase in body weight along with a substantial decrease in MM/body weight (%MM). MM and %MM were associated with PUL score (r = 0.517, P < 0.0001 and r = 0.764, P < 0.0001 respectively). The age‐associated decrease in MM and %MM was strongly associated with ambulatory status. We observed very little overlap in %MM between ambulant and non‐ambulant subjects, suggesting a threshold of 18–22% associated with loss of ambulation. MM is substantially diminished with advancing age and is highly related to clinically meaningful functional status. The D3Cr dilution method may provide a biomarker of disease progression and therapeutic efficacy in patients with DMD or other neuromuscular disorders.
imageKey points
The non‐invasive D3creatine dilution method provides novel data on whole body functional muscle mass (MM) in a wide range of ages in patients with DMD and reveals profoundly low functional MM in older non‐ambulant patients.
The difference in %MM between ambulant and non‐ambulant subjects suggests a threshold for loss of ambulatory ability between 18 and 22% MM.
The data suggest that as functional MM declines with age, maintaining a lower body weight may help to conserve ambulatory ability.
MED12 loss activates endogenous retroelements to sensitise immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Tang Yingying , Tang Shijie , Yang Wenjuan , Zhang Zhengyan , Wang Teng , Wu Yuyun , Xu Junyi , Pilarsky Christian , Mazzone Massimiliano , Wang Lei-Wei , Sun Yongwei , Tian Ruijun , Tang Yujie , Wang Yu , Wang Chaochen , Xue Jing 
Published: August 2024

ObjectivePancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) stands as one of the most lethal cancers, marked by its lethality and limited treatment options, including the utilisation of checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy. Epigenetic dysregulation is a defining feature of tumourigenesis that is implicated in immune surveillance, but remains elusive in PDAC.DesignTo identify the factors that modulate immune surveillance, we employedin vivoepigenetic-focused CRISPR-Cas9 screen in mouse PDAC tumour models engrafted in either immunocompetent or immunodeficient mice.ResultsHere, we identified MED12 as a top hit, emerging as a potent negative modulator of immune tumour microenviroment (TME) in PDAC. Loss ofMed12significantly promoted infiltration and cytotoxicity of immune cells including CD8+T cells, natural killer (NK) and NK1.1+T cells in tumours, thereby heightening the sensitivity of ICB treatment in a mouse model of PDAC. Mechanistically, MED12 stabilised heterochromatin protein HP1A to repress H3K9me3-marked endogenous retroelements. The derepression of retrotransposons induced byMED12loss triggered cytosolic nucleic acid sensing and subsequent activation of type I interferon pathways, ultimately leading to robust inflamed TME . Moreover, we uncovered a negative correlation between MED12 expression and immune resposne pathways, retrotransposon levels as well as the prognosis of patients with PDAC undergoing ICB therapy.ConclusionIn summary, our findings underscore the pivotal role of MED12 in remodelling immnue TME through the epigenetic silencing of retrotransposons, offering a potential therapeutic target for enhancing tumour immunogenicity and overcoming immunotherapy resistance in PDAC.
High fibrin and platelet clot predicts stroke recurrence or mortality after thrombectomy in patients with active cancer
Authors: Fu Chuan-Hsiu , Chen Chih-Hao , Lin Yen-Heng , Lee Chung-Wei , Tsai Li-Kai , Tang Sung-Chun , Shun Chia-Tung , Jeng Jiann-Shing 
Published: August 2024

BackgroundFibrin and platelet (FP)-rich clots have been shown to be associated with cancer-related stroke. This study aims to investigate the prognostic role of thrombus composition in clinical outcomes among cancer patients who experienced stroke and received endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).MethodsWe included acute ischemic stroke patients who underwent EVT between March 2015 and November 2021. These patients were categorized into three groups: those with active cancer, those with non-active cancer, and those without cancer. The percentages of FP in clots were quantified under hematoxylin and eosin staining. The primary outcome was defined as any stroke recurrence or mortality within 90 days following the index stroke event.ResultsA total of 420 patients with retrieved clots were included in the study. This cohort comprised 50 patients with active cancer, 23 patients with non-active cancer, and 347 patients without cancer. The percentage of FP was significantly higher in thrombi retrieved from patients with active cancer compared with the other two groups. Patients in the active cancer group exhibited a higher rate of the primary outcome compared with the other groups. After adjusting for clinical variables, a higher percentage of FP in thrombi remained significantly associated with the primary outcome in the active cancer group (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) =1.03 (1.00–1.06), P=0.028), but not in the other two groups.ConclusionAmong stroke patients receiving EVT, thrombi with a higher percentage of FP not only identify individuals with active cancer but also predict stroke recurrence or mortality within 90 days.
Solitons with varying amplitudes and/or varying velocities in a variable-coefficient mixed spectral generalized Sasa–Satsuma equation revealed through the Riemann–Hilbert method
Authors: Wang Xianghui , Zhang Sheng 
Published: August 2024

The integrable Sasa–Satsuma (SS) equation, a higher-order Nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS)-type model, has important applications in the field of optics. In this study, we present a generalized SS equation with variable coefficients derived from a mixed spectral problem, abbreviated as vcmsgSSE, and construct its N-soliton solution using the Riemann–Hilbert (RH) method. First, we provide the Lax pair associated with the vcmsgSSE and perform a spectral analysis on it, which allows us to derive a solvable RH problem. Then, by solving this RH problem we construct an explicit expression for N-soliton solution of the vcmsgSSE. Finally, under a special reduction, we obtain the specific one-soliton solution and two-soliton solution of the vcmsgSSE, and use them to illustrate graphically the N-soliton solution with varying amplitude and/or varying velocity corresponds to the physical background of non-uniform medium assumed by the vcmsgSSE.
Quantum–Classical Hybrid Dynamics: Coupling Mechanisms and Diffusive Approximation
Authors: Budini Adrián A. 
Published: August 2024

In this paper we demonstrate that any Markovian master equation defining a completely positive evolution for a quantum–classical hybrid state can always be written in terms of four basic coupling mechanisms. Each of them is characterized by a different “backaction” on each subsystem. On this basis, for each case, we find the conditions under which a diffusive limit is approached, that is, the time evolution can be approximated in terms of the first and second derivatives of the hybrid state with respect to a classical coordinate. In this limit, the restricted class of evolutions that guaranty the positivity of the hybrid state at all times (quantum Fokker-Planck master equations) emerges when the coupling mechanisms lead to infinitesimal (non-finite) changes in both the quantum and classical subsystems. A broader class of diffusive evolutions is obtained when positivity is only granted after a transient time or alternatively is granted after imposing an initial finite width on the state of the classical subsystem. A set of representative examples support these results.
Can AI Digital Personas for Well‐Being Provide Social Support? A Mixed‐Method Analysis of User Reviews
Authors: Heissler Radek , Jonáš Juraj , Carre Nicole , Mostovoy Karin , Bunge Eduardo L. 
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Digital personas (DPs) are animated human‐like characters that incorporate the capabilities of conversational agents (CAs) and communicate with users via audio and voice.Aim: This study is aimed at understanding how users perceive the DPs designed for mental well‐being and perceived social support.Methods: A total of 1485 available ratings and user reviews of the DPs from the Elysai app were analyzed using a deductive and inductive thematic analysis. Ordinal regressions were conducted to identify domains predicting users’ ratings.Results: The average rating of the app was 4.23 out of 5. The thematic analysis identified 27.59% of comments on social support from the DP. Emotional and companionship support were the most frequently reported themes. The inductive thematic analysis identified positive themes, such as the helpfulness of DPs, anthropomorphic traits, negative experiences with DPs, and technical issues. Regression analysis showed that themes of emotional and companionship, social support, positive feedback, anthropomorphic traits, helpfulness, and recommendations significantly predicted positive ratings (odds ratio 1.51–2.86). Conversely, the themes of negative experience with DP and technical issues predicted lower ratings (odds ratio 0.05 and 0.32).Discussion: Overall, DPs were perceived positively by most reviews analyzed. Users reported that DPs provided emotional and companionship support, were helpful, and had anthropomorphic traits, but also had negative experiences with DPs and technical issues. The types of themes reported in the reviews predicted the user ratings.
The ‘War on Drugs’ and the Politics of Morality
Authors: Cornelio Jayeel , Medina Erron C. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
In the time of Rodrigo Duterte, the leaders of the Philippine Catholic Church were divided on the president’s controversial war on drugs. This article draws on interviews with the religious elite and explores how these divisions took shape. We argue that while they agreed that the killings would not solve the drug problem, they diverged in two respects. The first concerns the violence of the war on drugs. It may have been ‘undesirable,’ but it was ‘unavoidable.’ The second concerns their role as national leaders in speaking truth to power. Some believed it was their duty to be prophetic; others felt it was necessary to be ‘practical.’ Our article frames the discussion in terms of morality politics, the competition for values that deliberately make a distinction between ‘good’ citizens and everybody else. From this vantage point, religious leaders are moral entrepreneurs who define who lives and who does not.
Thus Spoke a Couple: a Corpus-Based Content Analysis of Spousal Duties Fatwas
Authors: Abdo Muhammad S. , Omran Abdullah , Hassan Said F. 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This study explores the topic of spousal duties within the Arab-Muslim world, using a corpus of fatwa inquiries to investigate how Muslim spouses perceive and negotiate their rights and duties within the marital relationship. Acknowledging the complexity of the causes underlying the failure to fulfill spousal rights, this study capitalizes on the rewarding potentials of digital tools by examining the questions posed by the mustaftīs (inquirers). A corpus of 150,000 fatwas, drawn from Islamweb.net and encapsulating approximately 11 million tokens, serves as the data for our analysis. Using the semantic network tool ConceptNet, a lexicon delineating spousal rights is created and employed to assess the prominence and relationships of certain themes in the dataset. Central themes – treatment, housing, financial support, sexual relationship, and obedience – emerge as the primary axes for examining the nuances of marital obligations and rights. The findings reveal the nuanced interplay between traditional norms and contemporary religious discourse, with implications for understanding gender roles and authority within Arab-Muslim marriages. The study confirms that while Shariʿah offers a foundational framework, there remains a need for context-specific interpretation, often sought through fatwa consultations. The study also underscores the potential of corpus linguistics to deepen our understanding of religious texts and their application to modern marital issues, advocating for further research into fatwas across different languages and cultures.
What You Heard Is What You Wrote: Dynamic Readings of ʿilm and adab Narratives in the Islamicate World
Authors: Samba-Campos Estrella 
Published: August 2024

Abstract
This article explores how the concepts of ʿilm and adab (knowledge and exemplary behavior) merged in formative Arabic literature and reached Al-Andalus. Originating in a proto-Sunni cultural milieu, different works were recycled across the Islamic world, giving rise to new literary adaptations and patterns of meaning. With the use of computational analysis, the data has revealed juxtaposed reuse practices. This contribution has found that early Andalusi works initially mirrored Eastern sources, gradually transitioning into a more specialized form of knowledge and performance, based on the legitimization of the authority of scholars during the challenging Taifa period.
Evaluation of the Atherogenic Index of Plasma to Predict All-Cause Mortality in Elderly With Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Long-Term Follow-Up
Authors: Ser Özgür Selim , Keskin Kudret , Çetinkal Gökhan , Balaban Kocaş Betül , Kilci Hakan , Kalender Erol , Dolap Furkan , Celbiş Geçit Tümay , Kocaş Cüneyt , Kılıçkesmez Kadriye 
Published: August 2024

The Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) is associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but the relationship between AIP and ACS in elderly patients remains unclear. We investigated the prognostic capability of AIP for in-hospital and long-term mortality in elderly patients with ACS undergoing coronary angiography (CA). We analyzed 627 patients with ACS over 75 years of age who were admitted to our clinic between April 2015 and December 2022 and underwent CA. The primary clinical endpoints were in-hospital, 30-day, 1-year, and long-term mortality. The median follow-up time was 27 months. AIP was defined as log (triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol). In-hospital mortality rates for patients with AIP ≤.1 and AIP >.1 were 4.7% and 17.6% ( P < .001), 30-day mortality rates were 8.7% and 32.2% ( P = .01), 1-year mortality rates were 12.1% and 45.1% ( P < .001), and long-term mortality rates were 47.3% and 67.5% ( P < .001), respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed AIP, age, left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF), admission creatinine, and Killip ≥2 as independent predictors for long-term mortality. AIP can predict in-hospital and long-time all-cause mortality in elderly patients with ACS undergoing CA. Age, LVEF, admission creatinine, and Killip ≥2 are additional factors that predict long-term all-cause mortality.
Lung function parameters in overweight patients with COPD in relation to body mass index and waist circumference and impact on quality of life
Authors: Nawaz Zunaira , Jahangir Muhammad Ashraf , Huma Zille 
Published: August 2024

Objective We investigated the correlation of lung function parameters with increased body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and determined the impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study at a teaching hospital among 173 individuals. We assessed anthropometric measurements, dynamic lung function, clinical history, and HRQoL using the Airway Questionnaire. Correlations of dynamic lung function parameters with BMI and WC were analyzed. Results In total, 51% were men (mean patient age 47.8 ± 10.5 years, median 48 years). The average BMI was 30.3 ± 8 kg/m2. Among 173 participants, 49% were smokers, with 16 ± 9 pack-years smoked; 80% of participants had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We observed compromised mid-expiratory flow (MEF), especially in young and overweight smokers. A moderately strong positive relationship was observed between WC and HRQoL scores, indicating a decline in HRQoL with increased WC. Conclusion In our study, HRQoL declined with increasing WC. We found a decrease in MEF among young and overweight smokers who were otherwise healthy and whose other lung function parameters were normal; this finding can be regarded as a pre-COPD marker. These individuals should be reassessed for the development of COPD. Further prospective studies are needed to verify our findings.