bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing Performance of Differential Braking as Steering Backup Using Combined Slip Effects
Authors: Salzwedel Leon , Frohn Christian , Heise Cedric , Iatropoulos Jannes , Henze Roman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRedundancies provide essential fail-operationality and are commonly utilized in design of Steer-by-Wire systems. Operationality of steering rack actuators can therefore be increased using differential braking as additional redundancy level. Research in this field has shown boundaries for lateral control to be mitigated compared to conventional steering systems. This paper focuses on performance increases by driveline torque and stability control, both yielding effects of combined longitudinal and lateral tire slip during cornering.Coping with the tradeoff between under- and oversteer whilst increasing performance was the major aim during controller design. For vehicle prototype testing a model following control scheme for differential braking was derived and implemented. Measurements on a low friction proving ground in suitable driving maneuvers were carried out subsequently. The results show new boundaries of vehicle dynamics and address variations of steering kinematics parameters as well as driveline configurations. Investigated interactions of longitudinal and lateral tire slip in the field of differential braking brings up promising potential to increase cornering ability in the fallback level for steering rack actuators.
Laboratory Abrasion Tester to Estimate Tyre Grip and Cornering Stiffness
Authors: Colombo Francesco , Sonnino Samuel , Mantovani Federico , Ronchi Andrea , Michielan Luca , Vignati Michele , Sabbioni Edoardo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIdentification of tyre grip is crucial for ensuring safety and performance. To develop new tyres matching the requirements for grip, extensive testing is required both indoor and outdoor, which is time-consuming and costly. Therefore, the possibility to assess their performance in laboratory before manufacturing a full tyre appears very attractive. On this purpose, the present paper compares the peak of the friction coefficient, evaluated using a Laboratory Abrasion Tester (LAT100) on two compounds and the grip assessed through MTS Flat-Trac machine tests on two full tyres having the same structure and made of the compounds tested on the LAT100. An ad hoc procedure for driving the test on the LAT100 and make them comparable with the full-tyre data was developed. A good correlation was found for the dependency of the friction coefficient on temperature and load, highlighting the possibility of using LAT100 tests to gain information about tyre performance, before the manufacturing of the full tyre.
Steering Noise Cancelling for Drift Assist Control
Authors: Sun Yiwen , Velenis Efstathios , Krishnakumar Ajinkya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper we consider a driver assist system concept for the stabilization of the vehicle during high sideslip angle cornering (drifting). Unregulated steering inputs (steering noise) from inexperienced drivers, can disturb the drift equilibria and oppose to the controller’s stabilization task. Therefore, this paper presents a drift assist control concept to cancel the steering effects from the driver by torque vectoring. In detail, first by equilibria analysis for four-wheel drive vehicle, the steering effects on drift equilibria are analyzed, which indicates a contradiction between stabilizing the yaw rate and the sideslip angle. Then, by nonlinear programming, it is proven that the path angle rate together with the speed which determine the trajectory, could be stabilized with torque vectoring against the steering noise. Finally, a steering noise cancelling and trajectory tracking controller structure is designed and further evaluated with CarMaker.
A Decoupling Control Scheme for Path Tracking with Model Predictive Path Integral and Output Regulator
Authors: Wan Hang , Liu Hui , Nie Shida , Han Lijin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe coupling and nonlinearity of vehicle dynamics present considerable challenges to path tracking of autonomous vehicles. In this paper, a necessary condition is derived to decouple the translational motion from yawing motion based on the time-scale separation. Consequently, the translational motion is regulated over an extended control horizon to generate a human-like tracking trajectory. The yawing motion is regulated based on a high-fidelity control model. In addition, model predictive path integral (MPPI) is developed to mitigate the computational burden of nonlinear motion planning through sampling-based optimization. A predictive output regulator is developed to solve the underactuated problem in the 2-DOF lateral dynamics with only 1-DOF of control input. Simulation results show that the proposed method enhances computing efficiency and reduces the lateral jerk by an average of 50% with only one set of parameters.
Predictive Braking on a Nonplanar Road
Authors: Fork Thomas , Camozzi Francesco , Fu Xiao-Yu , Borrelli Francesco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present an approach for predictive braking of a four-wheeled vehicle on a nonplanar road. Our main contribution is a methodology to consider friction and road contact safety on general smooth road geometry. We use this to develop an active safety system to preemptively reduce vehicle speed for upcoming road geometry, such as off-camber turns. Our system may be used for human-driven or autonomous vehicles and we demonstrate it with a simulated ADAS scenario. We show that loss of control due to driver error on nonplanar roads can be mitigated by our approach.
Point Cloud Interpolation by RGB Image to Estimate Road Surface Profile for Preview Suspension Control
Authors: Inoue Masato , Kawasaki Yosuke , Suzuki Takuma , Washimi Yuta , Tanimoto Tsutomu , Takahashi Masaki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe growing prevalence of autonomous driving is expected to shift passengers’ attention from driving, increasing the demand for enhanced ride comfort. Studies addressing ride comfort have prominently explored active suspension control with recent research on preview suspension control using on-board sensors. The proposed systems often include LiDAR deployment at the front for high-precision road surface profiles. However, these systems often involve costly sensors such as LiDAR, making it impractical for on-board installation. Nonetheless, in recent autonomous vehicles, LiDAR tend to be mounted on the roof. It would be beneficial to leverage this LiDAR for preview control, the point cloud obtained from the roof has insufficient density to accurately perceive the unevenness on the road surface. To overcome the low-density issue in point cloud data obtained from less channels LiDAR, this study applies a supervised machine learning model, developed for autonomous driving, to estimate road surface profiles and enhance the precision of these estimations.
Gain-Scheduled Bicycle Balance Controller Based on System Identification
Authors: Wang Yixiao , Bruzelius Fredrik , Sjöberg Jonas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBalancing a bicycle through steering is similar to balancing an inverted pendulum, with a travel-speed-dependent pivot point. This paper derives a speed-dependent balancing controller for a self-balancing bicycle. This controller is based on an identified gray box model. The identification procedure is formulated as a weighted least squares problem with the time-varying parameter of the model. Identification data was generated on a controlled bicycle robot. Excitation experiments were designed to account for the unstable nature of the problem. Based on this identified model, a gain-scheduled controller is derived for a speed-independent closed-loop performance for a speed range. The controller is further implemented on the bicycle and tested for a set of speeds. Tests performed on the bicycle illustrate the gain-scheduled controller’s performance gain.
Geometric actions for Lower Spin Gravity
Authors: Detournay Stéphane , Vandermiers Quentin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We perform the Hamiltonian reduction of Lower Spin Gravity, the simplest bulk dual for a Warped Conformal Field Theory (WCFT), consisting in an SL(2) × U(1) Chern-Simons model. We identify the boundary action as the geometric action on coadjoint orbits of the Warped Virasoro group. We use this reduced action to compute one-loop contributions to the torus partition function and compare them to the Warped Virasoro characters.
Properties of dynamical black hole entropy
Authors: Visser Manus R. , Yan Zihan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study the first law for non-stationary perturbations of a stationary black hole whose event horizon is a Killing horizon, that relates the first-order change in the mass and angular momentum to the change in the entropy of an arbitrary horizon cross-section. Recently, Hollands, Wald and Zhang [1] have shown that the dynamical black hole entropy that satisfies this first law, for general relativity, is Sdyn = (1 − v∂v)SBH, where v is the affine parameter of the null horizon generators and SBH is the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, and for general diffeomorphism covariant theories of gravity Sdyn = (1 − v∂v)SWall, where SWall is the Wall entropy. They obtained the first law by applying the Noether charge method to non-stationary perturbations and arbitrary cross-sections. In this formalism, the dynamical black hole entropy is defined as an “improved” Noether charge, which is unambiguous to first order in the perturbation. In the present article we provide a pedagogical derivation of the physical process version of the non-stationary first law for general relativity by integrating the linearised Raychaudhuri equation between two arbitrary horizon cross-sections. Moreover, we generalise the derivation of the first law in [1] to non-minimally coupled matter fields that are smooth on the horizon, using boost weight arguments rather than Killing field arguments, and we relax some of the gauge conditions on the perturbations by allowing for non-zero variations of the horizon Killing field and surface gravity. Finally, for f(Riemann) theories of gravity we show explicitly using Gaussian null coordinates that the improved Noether charge is Sdyn = (1 − v∂v)SWall, which is a non-trivial check of [1].
On the nonlinear dynamics of in-contact rigid bodies experiencing stick–slip and wear phenomena
Authors: D’Annibale Francesco , Casalotti Arnaldo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the dynamic behavior of one degree-of-freedom oscillator subject to stick–slip and wear phenomena at the contact interface with a rigid substrate is investigated. The motion of the oscillator, induced by a harmonic excitation, depends on the tangential contact forces, exchanged with the rigid soil, which are modeled through piecewise nonlinear constitutive laws, accounting for stick–slip phenomena due to friction as well as wear due to abrasion, already developed by the authors in a previous work. The nonlinear ordinary differential equations governing the problem are derived, whose solution is numerically obtained via a typical Runge–Kutta-based algorithm. The main target of this study is to analyze and discuss the strong nonlinear behavior, descending from the presence of stick–slip and wear phenomena, thus investigating the effect of the different interface modeling. In this framework, the analysis is carried out considering the whole evolution of non-smooth contact laws, starting from the virgin interface.
A 14-year longitudinal study of neurofilament light chain dynamics in premanifest and transitional Huntington’s disease
Authors: Voysey Z. J. , Owen N. E. , Holbrook J. A. , Malpetti M. , Le Draoulec C. , Spindler L. R. B. , Goodman A. O. G. , Lazar A. S. , Barker R. A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Growing evidence supports the value of neurofilament light (NfL) as a prognostic biomarker in premanifest Huntington’s disease (HD). To date, however, there has been no longitudinal study exceeding 3 years examining either its serial dynamics or predictive power in HD. We aimed to conduct the first such study.

Methods
Serum NfL was sampled using ultrasensitive immunoassay at four timepoints across a 14-year period in a cohort of HD gene carriers (n = 21) and controls (n = 14). Gene carriers were premanifest at baseline. Clinical features of HD were evaluated by Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS TMS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Trail A/B task, Symbol Digit Modalities Task and semantic/phonemic fluency tasks.

Results
14/21 HD gene carriers converted to prodromal or manifest disease by the final timepoint (“converters”). At baseline and each subsequent timepoint, NfL levels were higher in converters than in non-converters and controls (p = < 0.001–0.03, ηp2 = 0.25–0.66). The estimated rate of change in NfL was higher in converters than in non-converters (p = 0.03) and controls (p = 0.001). Baseline NfL was able to discriminate converters from non-converters (area under curve = 1.000, p = 0.003). A higher rate of change in NfL was predictive of more severe motor (UHDRS-TMS p = 0.007, β = 0.711, R2 = 0.468) and cognitive deficits (MoCA p = 0.007, β = − 0.798, R2 = 0.604; Trail B, p = 0.007, β = 0.772, R2 = 0.567; phonemic fluency p = 0.035, β = − 0.632, R2 = 0.345).

Conclusions
Our data suggest that (1) NfL longitudinal dynamics in premanifest/transitional HD are non-constant; rising faster in those closer to disease onset, and (2) NfL can identify individuals at risk of conversion to manifest disease and predict clinical trajectory, > 10 years from disease onset.
Academic socialization: On a neglected effect of competition in science
Authors: Hamann Julian , Velarde Kathia Serrano 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCompetition is usually considered a mechanism for the allocation of scarce resources. This paper draws attention to a neglected effect of academic competition: competition provides participants with a normative orientation about field-specific values by informing them about which activities will be rewarded. We conceptualize this as a socializing effect. We study the socializing effects of competition for postdocs because this group is especially exposed to the dynamics of academic competition. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 60 postdocs in history and physics in Germany, the analysis reveals the orientations and values that competition conveys to postdocs. Since different forms of competition for publications, funding, and jobs are not neatly synchronized, they convey various expectations. Postdocs cope with this multiplicity, prioritizing a specific form of competition that is competition for funding. This comes at the expense of activities and tasks that are not organized competitively. The socializing effect of competition should be reflected more thoroughly not only by scholarship on academic competition but also by research policy that promotes competition.
Optomechanics Driven by Noisy and Narrowband Fields
Authors: Banniard Louise , Wang Cheng , Stirpe Davide , Børkje Kjetil , Massel Francesco , Mercier de Lépinay Laure , Sillanpää Mika A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe report a study of a cavity optomechanical system driven by narrowband electromagnetic fields, which are applied either in the form of uncorrelated noise, or as a more structured spectrum. The bandwidth of the driving spectra is smaller than the mechanical resonant frequency, and thus we can describe the resulting physics using concepts familiar from regular cavity optomechanics in the resolved-sideband limit. With a blue-detuned noise driving, the noise-induced interaction leads to anti-damping of the mechanical oscillator, and a self-oscillation threshold at an average noise power that is comparable to that of a coherent driving tone. This process can be seen as noise-induced dynamical amplification of mechanical motion. However, when the noise bandwidth is reduced down to the order of the mechanical damping, we discover a large shift of the power threshold of self-oscillation. This is due to the oscillator adiabatically following the instantaneous noise profile. In addition to blue-detuned noise driving, we investigate narrowband driving consisting of two coherent drive tones nearby in frequency. Also in these cases, we observe deviations from a naive optomechanical description relying only on the tones’ frequencies and powers.
Size fraction characterisation of highly-calcareous and siliceous fly ashes
Authors: Delihowski Jurij , Izak Piotr , Wójcik Łukasz , Gajek Marcin , Kozień Dawid , Jarosz Marcin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe properties of coal fly ash vary significantly depending on factors such as coal type, combustion conditions, and flue gas emission reduction methods. This study investigates the influence of particle size fractionation on the chemical composition, mineralogical structure, and thermal behaviour of two types of fly ash: high calcium ash derived from lignite (S1) and silica-rich ash from bituminous coal (S2). Dry aerodynamic separation was used to obtain distinct size fractions, which were then subjected to a comprehensive characterisation including X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal analysis. The results reveal notable differences between the S1 and S2 ashes and between their size fractions. The finer fractions (< 20 μm) of S1 showed an increased calcium and sulphur content, while the coarser fractions (> 100 μm) contained more silica and alumina. The S2 ash exhibited a higher overall silica content, with alkali metals concentrated in finer fractions. Thermal analysis demonstrated distinct behaviours for each type and fraction of ash. Fine fractions of S1 ash showed SO2 emission at elevated temperatures, while S2 ash exhibited greater CO2 gas emission. After thermal treatment, the recrystallisation of the glassy phase was observed for S1, while the S2 ashes were more prone to melting and agglomeration. The study highlights the potential for the customised utilisation of specific ash fractions in various applications, such as geopolymer synthesis, adsorbent materials, and refractory products. This comprehensive characterisation contributes to a better understanding of fly ash properties and their dependence on particle size, providing valuable insights to optimise fly ash utilisation in various industries. The findings suggest strategies for a more efficient use of fly ash resources, particularly relevant in the context of decreasing fly ash availability due to the phase-out of coal power plants.
Even in presupposition denials
Authors: Francis Naomi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper explores a puzzling polarity-based asymmetry in the use of even in sentences that deny presuppositions. It argues that this asymmetry is produced by the interaction of even’s controversial additive presupposition with the alternatives that are salient in the relevant contexts and demonstrates that this proposal makes good crosslinguistic predictions. Along the way, this paper shows that presupposition denials are a fruitful testing ground for uncovering details about the behaviour of even and the role of presuppositions triggered within focus alternatives.
Past Trends and Future Directions of Cardiac Regenerative Medicine – A Systematic Analysis of Clinical Trial Registries
Authors: Wulfse Maaike , Vervoorn Mats T. , Amelink Jantijn J. G. J. , Ballan Elisa M. , de Jager Saskia C. A. , Sluijter Joost P. G. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Zwetsloot Peter-Paul M. , Van der Kaaij Niels P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCell therapy, gene therapy, and tissue engineering have been explored as potential strategies to repair or regenerate damaged cardiac tissue. Despite the presence of encouraging preclinical data, clinical trials of regenerative cardiac therapies have yielded mixed results. Our study aimed to investigate the fate of all registered clinical trials within regenerative cardiac medicine, with the purpose of exploring the potential role of publication bias (or trial-completion bias), how published and unpublished research affects the field, and to draw lessons and recommendations for future clinical trials. In this analysis, we show that only a third of all registered trials has yielded results and that a significant number of trials are not completed. Furthermore, we identified significant heterogeneity in study design, study phase, funding, specific therapies used, primary outcome measures and methods of outcome assessment. These observations might hinder the successful translation of cardiac regenerative therapies into clinical practice.
Graphical Abstract
Our study concludes that there is substantial underreporting of results from clinical trials within regenerative cardiac therapy. Coupled with significant heterogeneity in study design, this hinders progression of the field.
Lung ultrasound in PEEP optimization for ARDS: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed Abdullatif , Taema Khaled , Nassar Yasser , Elsherif Ahmed , Belal Soliman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
PEEP optimization in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a controversial issue. Lung ultrasound (LUS) is a potential useful tool in PEEP optimization.

Aim
This study was intended to investigate the usefulness of LUS as a tool for PEEP optimization in ARDS patients.

Methods
Prospective randomized controlled trial conducted on ARDS patients that included 60 patients randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either PEEP/FiO2 table (group I) or lung ultrasound (group II).

Results
The baseline findings showed more severe ARDS in group I patients with significantly lower P/F ratio (P = 0.008) and static compliance (P = 0.02). The use of LUS for PEEP optimization did not result in better improvement in P/F ratio (P = 0.4), PaCO2 (P = 0.2), or static compliance (P = 0.8). The use of LUS was associated with a favorable effect on hemodynamics with significantly less decrease in CO (P < 0.001), decreased TAPSE (P < 0.001), and less increase in right ventricular systolic pressure (P < 0.001). Despite that the inhospital mortality was significantly lower in group I, this result should be interpreted cautiously because the more severe the ARDS in group I.

Conclusion
Optimizing PEEP by lung ultrasound in mechanically ventilated ARDS patients might cause better outcomes in terms of oxygenation and hemodynamics indices despite the lack of effect on respiratory system mechanics. The use of LUS in PEEP optimization for ARDS patients needs to be more evaluated.
Risk Propensity and Acceptance of Gene-edited and Genetically Modified Food among US Consumers: A Comparison between Plants and Animal Products
Authors: Meerza Syed Imran Ali , Dsouza Alwin , Ahamed Afsana , Mottaleb Khondoker 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUtilizing online survey data of US consumers, this study examines the extent to which consumers' acceptance of genetically modified (GM) and gene-edited (GE) food is driven by their risk attitudes. Our results indicate that individuals with high-risk propensity are more likely to accept both GM and GE food than individuals with low- and medium-risk propensity. Our results also find differences in consumers' attitudes toward plants and animal products in the context of both GM and GE. Intriguingly, these attitudinal differences can be explained by consumers' risk propensities. Specifically, both low- and medium-risk propensity consumers differentiate between plants and animal products; the latter is less acceptable than the former, indicating a tendency to have more concerns about the application of biotechnology to animals than plants. However, individuals with high-risk propensity do not differentiate between GM and GE plants and animal products. Our results suggest that policymakers, the food industry, and researchers need to consider these attitudinal differences while studying consumer attitudes toward GM and GE food. Failing to capture these attitudinal differences in studies focusing on consumer behavior toward GM and GE food may result in either overestimating or underestimating consumer response.