bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of ocean acidification on phytoplankton assemblage, growth, and DMS production following Fe-dust additions in the NE Pacific high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll waters
Authors: Mélançon Josiane , Levasseur Maurice , Lizotte Martine , Scarratt Michael , Tremblay Jean-Éric , Tortell Philippe , Yang Gui-Peng , Shi Guang-Yu , Gao Huiwang , Semeniuk David , Robert Marie , Arychuk Michael , Johnson Keith , Sutherland Nes , Davelaar Marty , Nemcek Nina , Peña Angelica , Richardson Wendy 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Ocean acidification (OA) is likely to have an effect on the fertilizing potential of desert dust in high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll oceanic regions, either by modifying iron (Fe) speciation and bioavailability or by altering phytoplankton Fe requirements and acquisition. To address this issue, short incubations (4 days) of northeast subarctic Pacific waters enriched with either FeSO4 or dust and set at pH 8.0 (in situ) and 7.8 were conducted in August 2010. We assessed the impact of a decrease in pH on dissolved Fe concentration, phytoplankton biomass, taxonomy and productivity, and the production of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and its algal precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP). Chlorophyll a (chl a) remained unchanged in the controls and doubled in both the FeSO4-enriched and dust-enriched incubations, confirming the Fe-limited status of the plankton assemblage during the experiment. In the acidified treatments, a significant reduction (by 16–38 %) in the final concentration of chl a was measured compared to their nonacidified counterparts, and a 15 % reduction in particulate organic carbon (POC) concentration was measured in the dust-enriched acidified treatment compared to the dust-enriched nonacidified treatment. FeSO4 and dust additions had a fertilizing effect mainly on diatoms and cyanobacteria as estimated from algal pigment signatures. Lowering the pH affected mostly the haptophytes, but pelagophyte concentrations were also reduced in some acidified treatments. Acidification did not significantly alter DMSP and DMS concentrations. These results show that dust deposition events in a low-pH iron-limited northeast subarctic Pacific are likely to stimulate phytoplankton growth to a lesser extent than in today's ocean during the few days following fertilization and point to a low initial sensitivity of the DMSP and DMS dynamics to OA.
Involvement of Inward Upper Eyelid Push on the Lower Eyelid during Eyelid Closure in Development of Involutional Lower Eyelid Entropion
Authors: Iuchi Tomomi , Takahashi Yasuhiro , Kang Hyera , Asamura Shinichi , Isogai Noritaka , Kakizaki Hirohiko 
Published: March 2016

Purpose To examine whether an inward upper eyelid push on the lower eyelid margin during eyelid closure is involved in involutional lower eyelid entropion. Methods This prospective observational study included 34 sides from 27 patients with involutional lower eyelid entropion. The positional relationship between the upper and the affected lower eyelid margins during eyelid closure were examined before and after posterior layer advancement of the lower eyelid retractors. In addition, we preoperatively examined whether the affected lower eyelid turned in during a voluntary maximum force eyelid closure from the normal position. We then held the upper eyelid away from the lower eyelid during a voluntary maximum force eyelid closure to eliminate the influence of an inward upper eyelid push on the lower eyelid margin. At the time, we investigated whether the affected lower eyelid turned in. All these examinations were performed from the normal lower eyelid position. Results Although the upper eyelid margin was on the lower eyelid margin before surgery, this was corrected after surgery in all patients. All affected lower eyelids turned in after voluntary maximum force eyelid closure. However, the lower eyelid margin did not show an inward rotation with holding of the upper eyelid away from the lower eyelid. Conclusions These results indicate that an inward upper eyelid push on the lower eyelid is involved in development of an involutional lower eyelid entropion.
Genetic Alteration in Phosphofructokinase Family Promotes Growth of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Sun Chen-min , Xiong Da-bo , Yan Yang , Geng Jiang , Liu Min , Yao Xu-dong 
Published: March 2016

Aims Metabolic alterations in cancer, including bladder cancer, have been addressed in recent years. We aimed to study the role of phosphofructokinase (PFK) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Method By in silico analysis of the bladder cancer data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database using the cBioPortal platform, we studied genetic alteration of genes within the PFK family (PFKL, PFKM, PFKP, PFKFB1, PFKFB2, PFKFB3, and PFKFB4). In vitro studies were carried out using the PFK inhibitor 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol-6-phosphate. Results Genetic alterations of PFK family genes were observed in ~44% of MIBC cases in TCGA. The main alterations were amplification and upregulation. Patients with altered PFK gene status were more likely to have a history of noninvasive bladder cancer. Altered PFK status was not associated with survival or disease relapse. Use of the PFK inhibitor significantly decreased the level of glycolysis and inhibited the growth and invasion of bladder cancer cells. Conclusions PFKs were critical genes in charge of glycolysis and were upregulated in bladder cancer. Targeting this pathway could inhibit cell growth in bladder cancer.
“Like some supplicant to the darkness over them all”: The Good of John Grady Cole in Cormac McCarthy's Cities of the Plain
Authors: Hillier Russell M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
On reading Cormac McCarthy's works readers and scholars have been fascinated by the cunning and violent characters that haunt his fiction, notably the “grim triune” of Outer Dark (129), Judge Holden, Anton Chigurh, and Malkina. Some might say that, together with McCarthy's mastery of style and narrative, it is on account of these charismatic characters, all compelling studies in malevolence, that McCarthy's fiction is best remembered and, others might go further, his literary reputation largely rests. This article advances the complementary idea that McCarthy's painstaking portrayal of John Grady Cole has an equal, if not greater, appeal. John Grady is perhaps the closest a reader comes to a complete rendering of human goodness acting in the world in McCarthy's fiction. McCarthy's endeavor to imagine a virtuous human, hard to find and yet worthy of emulation, far from being reductively two-dimensional or tiresomely didactic, should exert its own claim on his readers' attention and admiration, because in John Grady's choices, behavior, and actions, McCarthy presents his readers with his idea of the good. John Grady's representation of a good life illustrates how arduous it is to strive to live an honest and decent life, free from moral compromise.
“White pussy is nothin but trouble”: Hypermasculine Hysteria and the Displacement of the Feminine Body in Cormac McCarthy'sChild of God
Authors: Stilley Harriet Poppy 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article explores the crisis of masculinity in Cormac McCarthy's third novel, Child of God (1973), so as to stress a detrimental linkage between the modern masculine condition and that of the late capitalist economic structure. By way of an interrelated interpretation of contemporaneous feminist and Marxist theory, this paper will forepart Lester Ballard's murderous misogyny as a means to a practical, sexual end, emphasizing the theme of necrophilia to highlight the reality of women as sexual property, and the extent to which man uses “objects” to know himself at once as man and subject. Child of God can then be read further as a gothic allegory, condemning the social ills of nationalistic ideals by positioning the serial killer as both reflective and symptomatic of an American culture of materialism. An examination of the progressive perversion of this “child of god” in such terms therefore will effectively signal the novel's resolute engagement with the epochal processes of capitalist restructuring in which it arises, and, what is more, position this particular reading of the text as a discourse of men in crisis that stands apart from any previous feminist criticism offered on Child of God or its author, Cormac McCarthy.
Derdenbeslag onder de verzekeraar van een bestuurdersaansprakelijkheidsverzekering; recente ontwikkelingen
Authors: van Asch M.M. 
Published: March 2016

Derdenbeslag onder de verzekeraar van een bestuurdersaansprakelijkheidsverzekering; recente ontwikkelingen
In deze bijdrage worden twee verschillende procedures besproken in het kader van beslag onder een bestuurdersaansprakelijkheidsverzekeraar: het opheffingskortgeding en de betwistingsprocedure. Centraal staan de belangen en de rol van bestuurder, verzekeraar en beslaglegger bij deze procedures.
Een hoofdstuk uit het Yukos-epos: over spookpartijen en rechtsvorming
Authors: van der Plas C.G. 
Published: March 2016

Een hoofdstuk uit het Yukos-epos: over spookpartijen en rechtsvorming
In deze Yukos-uitspraak heeft de Hoge Raad beslist dat het conservatoir beslag dat door twee schuldeisers was gelegd ten laste van het niet meer bestaande Yukos Oil blijft liggen voor de duur van de bodemprocedure. De Hoge Raad deed dat door invulling te geven aan zijn rechtsvormende taak.
Determination of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Release Rates of Slow- and Controlled-Release Fertilizers: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2015.15
Authors: Thiex Nancy 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A previously validated method for the determination of nitrogen release patterns of slow- and controlled-release fertilizers (SRFs and CRFs, respectively) was submitted to the Expert Review Panel (ERP) for Fertilizers for consideration of First Action Official MethodSM status. The ERP evaluated the single-laboratory validation results and recommended the method for First Action Official Method status and provided recommendations for achieving Final Action. The 180 day soil incubation-column leaching technique was demonstrated to be a robust and reliable method for characterizing N release patterns from SRFs and CRFs. The method was reproducible, and the results were only slightly affected by variations in environmental factors such as microbial activity, soil moisture, temperature, and texture. The release of P and K were also studied, but at fewer replications than for N. Optimization experiments on the accelerated 74 h extraction method indicated that temperature was the only factor found to substantially influence nutrient-release rates from the materials studied, and an optimized extraction profile was established as follows: 2 h at 25°C, 2 h at 50°C, 20 h at 55°C, and 50 h at 60°C.
Tumor-Free Transplantation of Patient-Derived Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Progeny for Customized Islet Regeneration
Authors: El Khatib Moustafa M. , Ohmine Seiga , Jacobus Egon J. , Tonne Jason M. , Morsy Salma G. , Holditch Sara J. , Schreiber Claire A. , Uetsuka Koji , Fusaki Noemi , Wigle Dennis A. , Terzic Andre , Kudva Yogish C. , Ikeda Yasuhiro 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and derived progeny provide invaluable regenerative platforms, yet their clinical translation has been compromised by their biosafety concern. Here, we assessed the safety of transplanting patient-derived iPSC-generated pancreatic endoderm/progenitor cells. Transplantation of progenitors from iPSCs reprogrammed by lentiviral vectors (LV-iPSCs) led to the formation of invasive teratocarcinoma-like tumors in more than 90% of immunodeficient mice. Moreover, removal of primary tumors from LV-iPSC progeny-transplanted hosts generated secondary and metastatic tumors. Combined transgene-free (TGF) reprogramming and elimination of residual pluripotent cells by enzymatic dissociation ensured tumor-free transplantation, ultimately enabling regeneration of type 1 diabetes-specific human islet structures in vivo. The incidence of tumor formation in TGF-iPSCs was titratable, depending on the oncogenic load, with reintegration of the cMYC expressing vector abolishing tumor-free transplantation. Thus, transgene-free cMYC-independent reprogramming and elimination of residual pluripotent cells are mandatory steps in achieving transplantation of iPSC progeny for customized and safe islet regeneration in vivo.

Significance
Pluripotent stem cell therapy for diabetes relies on the safety as well as the quality of derived insulin-producing cells. Data from this study highlight prominent tumorigenic risks of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) products, especially when reprogrammed with integrating vectors. Two major underlying mechanisms in iPSC tumorigenicity are residual pluripotent cells and cMYC overload by vector integration. This study also demonstrated that combined transgene-free reprogramming and enzymatic dissociation allows teratoma-free transplantation of iPSC progeny in the mouse model in testing the tumorigenicity of iPSC products. Further safety assessment and improvement in iPSC specification into a mature β cell phenotype would lead to safe islet replacement therapy for diabetes.
Systemic Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Transplantation Prevents Functional Bone Loss in a Mouse Model of Age-Related Osteoporosis
Authors: Kiernan Jeffrey , Hu Sally , Grynpas Marc D. , Davies John E. , Stanford William L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAge-related osteoporosis is driven by defects in the tissue-resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), a heterogeneous population of musculoskeletal progenitors that includes skeletal stem cells. MSC decline leads to reduced bone formation, causing loss of bone volume and the breakdown of bony microarchitecture crucial to trabecular strength. Furthermore, the low-turnover state precipitated by MSC loss leads to low-quality bone that is unable to perform remodeling-mediated maintenance—replacing old damaged bone with new healthy tissue. Using minimally expanded exogenous MSCs injected systemically into a mouse model of human age-related osteoporosis, we show long-term engraftment and markedly increased bone formation. This led to improved bone quality and turnover and, importantly, sustained microarchitectural competence. These data establish proof of concept that MSC transplantation may be used to prevent or treat human age-related osteoporosis.SignificanceThis study shows that a single dose of minimally expanded mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) injected systemically into a mouse model of human age-related osteoporosis display long-term engraftment and prevent the decline in bone formation, bone quality, and microarchitectural competence. This work adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting that the decline of MSCs associated with age-related osteoporosis is a major transformative event in the progression of the disease. Furthermore, it establishes proof of concept that MSC transplantation may be a viable therapeutic strategy to treat or prevent human age-related osteoporosis.
Hvorfor samtalen ikke er demokratiets sjæl
ikke er demokratiets sjæl
Authors: Schudson Michael 
Published: March 2016

Medie- og kommunikationsforskningen har ofte opfattet samtalen, der
føres ansigt-til-ansigt, som en hjørnesten i den demokratiske proces.
Denne opfattelse stammer bl.a. fra medieforskeren James Carey, der
selv har været inspireret af den amerikanske filosof John Dewey. I den-
ne artikel præsenterer Michael Schudson en kritik af, hvad han kalder
den romantiske forestilling om samtalen. Samtalen ansigt-til-ansigt har
været lige så meget i højsædet i aristokratier som i demokratier, og der
er faktisk to distinkte og modsatte idealer for samtale: den selskabelige
samtale og den problemløsende samtale. Samtalen, der tjener demo-
kratiet, er ikke kendetegnet ved egalitarisme, men ved normstyrethed
og offentlighed, ikke ved spontanitet men ved høflighed, og ikke ved
dens forrang eller overlegenhed i forhold til trykte medier, radio eller tv,
men ved dens nødvendige afhængighed af dem. Der argumenteres for,
at institutioner og demokratiske normer giver anledning til demokratiske
samtaler, snarere end at samtalens iboende demokrati fører til politisk
demokratiske normer og institutioner. Artiklen er oversat af Stig Hjarvard.
Diskreta ljud: om DAB som radio
Authors: Åberg Carin 
Published: March 2016

Er DAB (Digital Audio Broadcast) den revolution af radiomediet som
det ofte er blevet påstået? I sin analyse af DAB forholder Carin Åberg
sig kritisk til den måde DAB og det europæiske forskningsprojekt i di-
gital distributionsteknik EUREKA-147 har været markedsført på, bl.a.
med mulighed for at selv at sammensætte sit program, forme den lyd-
profil man ønsker, modtage hi-fi lyd på højde med bedste cd-kvalitet
uden interferens, kombinere lyd, tekst og billeder, og at få en række
nye tjenester og et nærmest ubegrænset antal kanaler. I artiklen for-
søger Carin Åberg at bestemme nærmere hvori det nye ved DAB
egentlig består og hun diskuterer især, hvorvidt teknologien eller de
potentielle brugsværdier er drivkraften i udviklingen og hvorvidt ind-
førelsen af DAB i den sidste ende kan få fatale konsekvenser for
radiomediet som vi kender det i dag.
Det kannibalske øje: virkelighedsshow, eksperimentfjernsyn og den nye kreativitet i fjernsynsunderholdningen
Authors: Fetveit Arild 
Published: March 2016

Artiklen diskuterer to nye tendenser i 1990’ernes tv: virkeligheds-
showene i form af programmer om politi- og redningsarbejde, som
vandt frem i første halvden af årtiet, og eksperimentformater, som
med Big Brother fik stor popularitet sidst i årtiet. I virkeligheds-
showene foretages en rekontekstualisering af faktamaterialet, som
svækker dets referentialitet, og dokumentarismen ændrer karakter
fra information til underholdning. Eksperimentfjernsynet går endnu
videre, idet kategorierne fakta og fiktion opløses til fordel for et socialt
eksperiment i et iscenesat laboratorium. Afslutningsvist argumenterer
artiklen for, at de to reality-formater er fælles om at indbyde til en ny
måde at se tv på – det kannibalistiske øje. Dette blik afløser en empa-
tisk betragtning og er dermed symptomatisk for det test- og overvåg-
ningssamfund, som forfatteren ved hjælp af kulturkritisk teori (Benja-
min, Debord) skitserer omridsene af.
Med politiet i ’virkeligheden’: Reality-tv og kriminalitet
Authors: Bondebjerg Ib 
Published: March 2016

Kriminalstoffet på tv bliver ofte anklaget for at spekulere i vore lavere
instinkter, og med reality kommer vi tættere end nogensinde på sam-
fundets bund og det utrættelige politi, som har til opgave at opretholde
lov og orden. Artiklen gennemgår en lang række af de senere års kri-
minalprogrammer og diskuterer dokumentarismens former med en
særlig belysning af æstetik, retorik og synsvinkel i undergenrerne
»reality magasin« og »reality soap«. Lars Engels’ serie »Historier fra
en politistation« tages op til særlig debat, fordi Engels – vanen tro –
arbejder med en mindre iscenesættelse og ukommenteret virkelig-
hedsgengivelse, end vi finder det i andre »reality soaps«.
Virkeligheden på spil. Iscenesættelse af virkeligheden i tv-programmer - fra journalistik til underholdning
Authors: Larsen Peter Harms 
Published: March 2016

Artiklen beskriver og kortlægger en karakteristisk udviklingstendens i
moderne tv-programmer – fra nyheder til reality-shows. Det gennem-
gående træk er at den fremstillede virkelighed i stadig større omfang
konstrueres og iscenesættes af tilrettelæggerne; for at skabe eller øge
fremdriften i de historier der fortælles; og for at øge de fascinations- og
identifikationsmuligheder som programmerne tilbyder seerne. Til karak-
teristik af denne udvikling bruges en række nydefinerede begreber og
kategoriseringer: visual proof, visual storytelling, sandhedens øjeblik,
fortællerplot, journalistisk plot, underholdningsplot – og der gøres brug
af en genresystematik hvori der skelnes mellem 5 faktagenrer: de
demonstrerende, de illustrerende, de afslørende, de afdækkende, de
afprøvende. Disse genrer inviterer til forskellige former for »plotning«
for skabe nye underholdningsformater. De nye hybridformater analy-
seres derefter som en af de 5 basale faktagenrer »tilsat« et eller flere
underholdningsplot. Udviklingen ses som udtryk for radikale ændringer
af det indbyrdes forhold mellem virkelighed og medier, der modsvares
af nedbrydning af de professionelle normer hos tilrettelæggerne og af
opbygning af nye bevidsthedsformer hos publikum. Artiklen bygger på
det research- og udviklingsarbejde som forfatteren har foretaget for
»TV-Udvikling« i DR i samarbejde med Pia Marquard og Nikolaj
Christensen – som grundlag for tv-dramaturgikurset »Power TV« –
beregnet for alle tv-medarbejdere i Danmarks Radio.
Programproduktion som Kritisk Teori – eller tv-teksten som industriel iscenesættelse
Authors: Caldwell John 
Published: March 2016

Denne artikel peger på nødvendigheden af en revurdering af den
tre-delte model, som Fiske og Gripsrud har fremført, ved at vise,
hvorledes ‘sekundære’ og ‘tertiære’ tv-tekster uafladeligt bevæger
sig eller rejser hen imod en ‘primær’ tekstuel status i det amerikan-
ske multikanals-»flow«. En detaljeret gennemgang af industriens
tekstuelle praksis – programbegivenheder, network-branding, ka-
nallogoer, filmene bag filmen, pressemateriale på video, salgsma-
teriale og tilgrænsende digitale medier – viser hvorledes industrien
teoretiserer sine egne vilkår direkte på skærmen, og dermed også
hvordan publikum vejledes igennem en sådan offentlig cirkulation af
»inside«-viden om tv-systemet. Artiklen er oversat af Henrik Bødker.
De digitale verdeners (vid)under
Authors: Ndalianis Angela 
Published: March 2016

I tidens blockbusterfilm spiller digitale special effects en stadig større
rolle. Fra at have været et ‘usynligt’ redskab, der muliggjorde impone-
rende stunts som bussen, der flyver over et hul i motorvejen i Speed,
har digitale effekter erobret hovedrollen. Siden den morfende termi-
nator i Terminator 2: Judgment Day og de realistiske dinosaurer i
Jurassic Park har digitale elementer opnået en stjernestatus, der ofte
overgår skuespillernes. Således er den digitale Gollum i Lord of the
Rings: The Two Towers mere troværdig end de øvrige ‘fysiske’ stjer-
ner. De amerikanske blockbusterfilm, der anvender en iøjnefaldende
brug af digital æstetik, er ofte science fiction- og fantasy-film, der af
den kritiske teori har været anset for “usundt slik for øjet.” Forfatteren
viser, hvordan filmens digitale undere kan sættes i relation til Rene
Descartes’ tanker om underet/det vidunderlige, der hensætter tilsku-
eren i en æstetisk undren, der fører til en intellektuel trang til forståelse
(som første gang stjernesystemet lod sig se i en kikkert). Samme und-
ren bliver hos Blaise Pascal en ’afgrund’ (une abîme), der indgiver ære-
frygt og fører os til det religiøse og mystiske, til overvejelser over natu-
rens undere og Guds natur. Det digitale liv er ikke blot æstetik; det får
sit eget, uforudsigelige liv - som de digitale figurer i The Two Towers der
er programmeret til at slås, men foretrækker at flygte, og derfor må re-
programmeres. Det digitale liv udfordrer os med intet mindre end over-
vejelser over naturens orden, menneskets natur, teknologiens rolle,
livet, døden og fremtiden.