bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perpaduan Syariah dan Budaya dalam Resolusi Konflik.
Authors: Komaruddin Koko 
Published: March 2016

In harmonious and zero intolerance society, conflicts can still potentially occur. The cause of the conflict can be caused by many variables, such as politics, culture, religion, and economics. Research shows that in cases of multipurpose building, Hok Tek Bio temple, in Ciamis, the dominant factor of conflict is the different interpretation of the concept and implementation of sharia on houses of worship and diversity. Understanding sharia which puts theology as the basis of the diversity of the key religious figures of the Forum for Religious Harmony (FKUB) Ciamis, the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI), and the local community around the temple become strong force to be conflict resolution. The combination of sharia values understanding of Muslim leaders in FKUB, MUI, and the community and the cultural values of the Sundanese people in Ciamis can play as togetherness bond in harmonious life. Therefore, the model of civic pluralism that combines sharia and culture as local wisdom becomes an effective conflict resolution model.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v16i1.2900
Work–Life Balance, Burnout, and Satisfaction of Early Career Pediatricians
Authors: Starmer Amy J. , Frintner Mary Pat , Freed Gary L. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Data describing factors associated with work–life balance, burnout, and career and life satisfaction for early career pediatricians are limited. We sought to identify personal and work factors related to these outcomes.

METHODS:
We analyzed 2013 survey data of pediatricians who graduated residency between 2002 and 2004. Dependent variables included: (1) balance between personal and professional commitments, (2) current burnout in work, (3) career satisfaction, and (4) life satisfaction. Multivariable logistic regression examined associations of personal and work characteristics with each of the 4 dependent variables.

RESULTS:
A total of 93% of participants completed the survey (n = 840). A majority reported career (83%) and life (71%) satisfaction. Fewer reported current appropriate work–life balance (43%) or burnout (30%). In multivariable modeling, excellent/very good health, having support from physician colleagues, and adequate resources for patient care were all found to be associated with a lower prevalence of burnout and a higher likelihood of work–life balance and career and life satisfaction. Having children, race, and clinical specialty were not found to be significantly associated with any of the 4 outcome measures. Female gender was associated with a lower likelihood of balance and career satisfaction but did not have an association with burnout or life satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS:
Burnout and struggles with work–life balance are common; dissatisfaction with life and career are a concern for some early career pediatricians. Efforts to minimize these outcomes should focus on encouragement of modifiable factors, including health supervision, peer support, and ensuring sufficient patient care resources.
Comparative Study of Folic Acid and α-Naphthoflavone on Reducing TCDD-Induced Cleft Palate in Fetal Mice
Authors: Yuan Xingang , He Xiaomeng , Zhang Xuan , Liu Cuiping , Wang Chen , Qiu Lin , Pu Wei , Fu Yuexian 
Published: March 2016

Objective To compare the effect of folic acid (FA) and α-naphthoflavone on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-induced cleft palate in fetal mice. Design Pregnant mice were randomly divided into seven groups. The mice treated with corn oil were used as a negative control. The mice in the other six groups were given a single dose of 28 μg/kg TCDD on GD 10 by gavage. For FA treatment, TCDD-treated mice were also dosed with 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg FA on GD 10, while for α-naphthoflavone treatment, the mice received a single dose of 50 μg/kg or 5 mg/kg α-naphthoflavone on GD 10. Main Outcome Measures Fetal mice palates were imaged using light and scanning electron microscopy on GD 13.5, GD 14.5, and GD 15.5, and cleft palate were recorded on GD 17.5. The expression of guanosine diphosphate dissociation inhibitor (GDI) in fetal mice palate on GD 15.5 was examined by immunohistochemistry. Results TCDD successfully induced cleft palate. Ten mg/ml FA and 5 mg/ml α-naphthoflavone significantly reduced TCDD-induced cleft palate. FA and α-naphthoflavone partly reduced TCDD-induced cleft palate but did not affect the expression of Rho GDI. Conclusions FA and α-naphthoflavone may reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species, inhibit MEE apoptosis through anti-oxidation, and increase filopodia and MEE movement. This may result in restoration of the ultrastructure of the palatal surface to a normal state, leading to the fusion and formation of complete palate in TCDD-treated fetal mice.
A Review on The Perpetrators of Child Abuse
Authors: Santhosh K. R. 
Published: March 2016

<p>An analytical review of the studies related to the perpetrators of child abuse revealed that each minimal unit of human being has the potential to perpetrate. However, this potential need not be activated in the individuals who have good value strengths. Identification of the factors that would make an individual either stronger or vulnerable is yet to be revealed. However, this cannot be evaluated in a dichotomous manner, because it is multidimensional. Notably, the vulnerable individuals are a risk of the society, for it may generate a victim at any instant. There is a gap in the current literature regarding the methods that could be introduced to reduce the vulnerability to perpetrate. To fill this gap, first thing that has to be done is to have a shift in focus. Current literature is giving more focus on strengthening the potential victims. Instead, methods to intensify the value strengths of the perpetrators are to be focused here after. A model that may become the base of such an approach is designed and presented on the basis of Values in Action classification.</p>
Use of an Autogenous Connective Tissue Graft to Treat Peri‐Implantitis With Gingival Recession Affecting an Implant Supporting an Overdenture
Authors: Mahn Douglas H. 
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Bone loss associated with peri‐implantitis can result in exposure of the implant surface. A lack of keratinized mucosa has been associated with increased plaque accumulation, attachment loss, and mucosal recession. This case report describes the benefits of connective tissue (CT) grafting in the treatment of peri‐implantitis and gingival recession affecting an implant supporting an overdenture. To the best of the author's knowledge, there are few clinical case reports depicting this treatment for implants supporting overdentures.Case Presentation: A 75‐year‐old female was diagnosed with peri‐implantitis associated with an implant that supported a mandibular overdenture. The bone loss and gingival recession was on the facial aspect of the implant. The roughened threaded surface of the implant was exposed, and there was an absence of facial keratinized mucosa. Peri‐implant therapy included surgical access to debride the area and decontaminate the implant surface using a 3% hydrogen peroxide rinse. This site was then treated with CT grafting using an autogenous CT graft. At the completion of treatment, the implant site was found to be healthy with greatly improved implant coverage and an increased keratinized tissue width.Conclusion: The use of an autogenous CT graft can be an important part of treatment of peri‐implantitis when there is gingival recession and a lack of keratinized mucosa.
Aloin Inhibits Interleukin (IL)‐1β−Stimulated IL‐8 Production in KB Cells
Authors: Na Hee Sam , Song Yu Ri , Kim Seyeon , Heo Jun‐Young , Chung Hae‐Young , Chung Jin 
Published: March 2016

Background: Interleukin (IL)‐1β, which is elevated in oral diseases including gingivitis, stimulates epithelial cells to produce IL‐8 and perpetuate inflammatory responses. This study investigates stimulatory effects of salivary IL‐1β in IL‐8 production and determines if aloin inhibits IL‐1β−stimulated IL‐8 production in epithelial cells.Methods: Saliva was collected from volunteers to determine IL‐1β and IL‐8 levels. Samples from volunteers were divided into two groups: those with low and those with high IL‐1β levels. KB cells were stimulated with IL‐1β or saliva with or without IL‐1 receptor agonist or specific mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors. IL‐8 production was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). MAPK protein expression involved in IL‐1β−induced IL‐8 secretion was detected by Western blot. KB cells were pretreated with aloin, and its effect on IL‐1β−induced IL‐8 production was examined by ELISA and Western blot analysis.Results: Saliva with high IL‐1β strongly stimulated IL‐8 production in KB cells, and IL‐1 receptor agonist significantly inhibited IL‐8 production. Low IL‐1β–containing saliva did not increase IL‐8 production. IL‐1β treatment of KB cells induced activation of MAPK signaling molecules as well as nuclear factor‐kappa B. IL‐1β−induced IL‐8 production was decreased by p38 and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor treatment. Aloin pretreatment inhibited IL‐1β−induced IL‐8 production in a dose‐dependent manner and inhibited activation of the p38 and ERK signaling pathway. Finally, aloin pretreatment also inhibited saliva‐induced IL‐8 production.Conclusions: Results indicated that IL‐1β in saliva stimulates epithelial cells to produce IL‐8 and that aloin effectively inhibits salivary IL‐1β–induced IL‐8 production by mitigating the p38 and ERK pathway. Therefore, aloin may be a good candidate for modulating oral inflammatory diseases.
Neuropilin Controls Endothelial Differentiation by Mesenchymal Stem Cells From the Periodontal Ligament
Authors: Amorim Bruna R. , Silvério Karina G. , Casati Márcio Z. , Sallum Enilson A. , Kantovitz Kamila R. , Nociti Francisco H. 
Published: March 2016

Background: Periodontal ligament (PDL) has been reported to be a source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).New vascular networks from undifferentiated cells are essential for repair/regeneration of specialized tissues, including PDL. The current study aims to determine potential of CD105+‐enriched cell subsets of periodontal ligament cells (PDLSCs) to differentiate into endothelial cell (EC)‐like cells and to give insights into the mechanism involved.Methods: CD105+‐enriched PDLSCs were induced to EC differentiation by endothelial growth medium 2 (EGM‐2) for 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, with mRNA/protein levels and functional activity assessed by: 1) real‐time polymerase chain reaction; 2) Western blotting; 3) fluorescence‐activated cell sorting; 4) immunohistochemistry; 5) immunofluorescence; 6) matrigel; and 7) small interfering RNA assays.Results: Data analyses demonstrated that EGM‐2 treated PDLSCs presented increased expression of EC markers, including: 1) CD105; 2) kinase domain‐containing receptor; and 3) Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1, and were able to form cord/tube‐like structures. Gene and protein expression analysis showed that neuropilin 2 (NRP2), a key factor for vascular development, was significantly downregulated during EC differentiation. NRP2 was constitutively expressed in mouse PDL tissues by immunohistochemistry analysis, and NRP2 knockdown in CD105+‐enriched PDLSCs resulted in increased cord/tube‐like structures in a matrigel assay.Conclusion: These findings demonstrated the potential of CD105+‐enriched PDLSCs to support angiogenesis, and NRP2 as a pivotal factor regulating this process.
Antimicrobial Agents Used in the Treatment of Peri‐Implantitis Alter the Physicochemistry and Cytocompatibility of Titanium Surfaces
Authors: Kotsakis Georgios A. , Lan Caixia , Barbosa Joao , Lill Krista , Chen Ruoqiong , Rudney Joel , Aparicio Conrado 
Published: March 2016

Background: Chemotherapeutic agents (ChAs) are considered an integral part of current treatment protocols for the decontamination of titanium implants with peri‐implantitis, based on their antimicrobial effect. Despite the proven antimicrobial effect of ChAs on titanium‐bound biofilms, previous studies have elucidated an unexpected disassociation between bacterial reduction and biologically acceptable treatment outcomes. In this study, the authors hypothesize that ChAs residues alter titanium physicochemistry and thus compromise cellular response to decontaminated surfaces.Methods: Grit‐blasted acid‐etched titanium disks were contaminated with multispecies microcosm biofilms grown from in vivo peri‐implant plaque samples. To simulate implant decontamination, the contaminated disks were burnished with 0.12% chlorhexidine, 20% citric acid, 24% EDTA/1.5% NaOCl, or sterile saline and assessed surface physicochemical properties. Sterile untreated surfaces were the controls. The biologic effects of decontamination were assessed via cell proliferation and differentiation assays.Results: Bacterial counts after decontamination confirmed that the ChAs were antimicrobial. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy invariably detected elemental contaminants associated with each ChA molecule or salt that significantly altered wettability compared with controls. Notably, all surfaces with ChA residues showed some cytotoxic effect compared with controls (P <0.05). Increased cell counts were consistently found in the saline‐treated group compared with chlorhexidine (P = 0.03). Interestingly, no association was found between antimicrobial effect and cell counts (P >0.05).Conclusions: ChA‐specific residues left on the titanium surfaces altered titanium physical properties and adversely affected the osteoblastic response irrespective of their observed antimicrobial effect. Chlorhexidine may compromise the biocompatibility of titanium surfaces, and its use is not recommended to detoxify implants. Sterile saline, citric acid, and NaOCl‐EDTA may be proposed for use in the treatment of peri‐implantitis. Contrary to previous studies that recommended the selection of ChAs for the decontamination of titanium implants according to their antimicrobial effects, the present study demonstrated that the restoration of the biocompatibility of contaminated titanium surfaces is also contingent on the preservation of titanium material properties.
Measurement of Rice Filled Grain Percentage Based on Grain Shadow Features
Authors: Liu Tao , Ji Chengxin , Wu Wei , Chen Wen , Yang Bingzhen , Chen Chen , Sun Chengming , Zhu Xinkai , Guo Wenshan 
Published: March 2016

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield can be quantified by measuring the number of ears per square meter, grain number per ear, percentage of filled grains (PFG), and 1000‐grain weight, of which PFG is an important yield parameter. Therefore, it is pivotal to improve the measuring efficiency of PFG. The objective of the present study was to construct an automatic method for measuring PFG using the shadow features of grains. Filled grains can be distinguished from unfilled grains by their shadow characteristics under lamplight. Image segmentation algorithms were used to extract rice grains and shadows. Learning vector quantization neural networks then classified rice grains based on their shadow characteristics. To improve the flexibility of the measurement system, 19 typical rice cultivars were used to train the networks. Sixteen cultivars from two subspecies were selected to validate the new PFG measurement method, and the results showed that the PFG measured by the new method was closely related to the PFG measured by the water‐float method. The correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.952 (P < 0.01). Shadow characteristics showed a significant difference between filled and unfilled grains. We concluded that shadow traits of rice grains could be used to discriminate filled and unfilled grains. The new PFG measurement method is a reliable method to estimate the PFG of rice and also shows great potential to improve the efficiency of trait evaluation in rice breeding and cultivation.

The percentage of filled grains of rice was measured.
Characteristics of grains’ shadow were used to identify filled and unfilled grains.
Grain shadow characteristics values were extracted by image processing technology.
Artificial neural network model is a valuable tool for grain classification.
Characterization of Thermal, Hydraulic, and Gas Diffusion Properties in Variably Saturated Sand Grades
Authors: Chamindu Deepagoda T.K.K. , Smits Kathleen , Ramirez Jamie , Moldrup Per 
Published: March 2016

Core Ideas
This study provides physical, hydraulic, and thermal properties of five sand grades.
An extended three‐region thermal conductivity model is proposed.
A gas diffusivity‐based variable tortuosity parameter is examined.
Useful parametric functions and descriptive models were tested.
Detailed characterization of partially saturated porous media is important for understanding and predicting vadose zone transport processes. While basic properties (e.g., particle‐ and pore‐size distributions and soil‐water retention) are, in general, essential prerequisites for characterizing most porous media transport properties, key transport parameters such as thermal conductivity and gas diffusivity are particularly important to describe temperature‐induced heat transport and diffusion‐controlled gas transport processes, respectively. Despite many experimental and numerical studies focusing on a specific porous media characteristic, a single study presenting a wide range of important characteristics, together with the best‐performing functional relationships, can seldom be found. This study characterized five differently textured sand grades (Accusand no. 12/20, 20/30, 30/40, 40/50, and 50/70) in relation to physical properties, water retention, hydraulic conductivity, thermal conductivity, and gas diffusivity. We used measured basic properties and transport data to accurately parameterize the characteristic functions (particle‐ and pore‐size distributions and water retention) and descriptive transport models (thermal conductivity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and gas diffusivity). An existing thermal conductivity model was improved to describe the distinct three‐region behavior in observed thermal conductivity–water saturation relations. Applying widely used parametric models for saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil‐gas diffusivity, we characterized porous media tortuosity in relation to grain size. Strong relations among average particle diameter, characteristic pore diameter from soil‐water retention measurements, and saturated hydraulic conductivity were found. Thus, the results of this work are useful toward better describing, linking, and predicting mass transfer and pore network properties in variably saturated porous media.
Amendments to Interpretations of SAAF Inclinometer Data from the Furggwanghorn Rock Glacier, Turtmann Valley, Switzerland: Results from 2010 to 2012
Authors: Buchli Thomas , Laue Jan , Springman Sarah M. 
Published: March 2016

Core Ideas
Raw data from an SAAF inclinometer were processed using proprietary software.
Results differed significantly from values derived using the previous software version.
Direct connection between creep velocity and air and soil temperature can no longer be proposed for this specific rock glacier.
Raw data processing from a ShapeAccelArray field (SAAF) inclinometer were made using proprietary software from Measurand, the manufacturer of the SAAF inclinometer. When the inclinometer data obtained from the same borehole were reprocessed with an updated software version, the results were found to differ significantly from the values derived using the previous version of software. Neither the absolute displacements, nor the curve representing displacements with depth, agreed with the previous values, despite best attempts to compare data with alternative sparse field measurements of surface displacements. There was a change in inclination of the segments above the shear zone, and the strain rates in the shear zone were reduced significantly during the winter months. In contrast, there was no change in the depth of the shear zone. Therefore, the ground model presented in the original study is still considered to be the optimal ground model of the Furggwanghorn rock glacier. Finally, a simple trigonometrical approach was conducted to investigate the validity of both software versions. The simplified recalculations could confirm mostly the results of the updated software version.
Changes in the Oral Moisture and the Amount of Microorganisms in Saliva and Tongue Coating after Oral Ingestion Resumption: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kishimoto Natsuki , Stegaroiu Roxana , Shibata Satoko , Ito Kayoko , Inoue Makoto , Ohuchi Akitsugu 
Published: March 2016

Background and Objective:
Tube feeding has been significantly associated with a higher rate of aspiration pneumonia that is mainly related to oral microorganisms and a reduced salivary flow. Thus, the difference in the mode of nutritional intake is expected to affect the oral environment, but this has not yet been fully clarified. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in tube-fed patients, changes in the oral moisture and the counts of microorganisms in saliva and tongue coating, which occur after oral ingestion resumption.

Methods:
Study participants were 7 tube-fed inpatients of the Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital (72.7±8.5 years old) who received dysphagia rehabilitation at the Unit of Dysphagia Rehabilitation until oral ingestion resumption. Their oral health, swallowing, and nutrition status, oral mucosal moisture, amount of unstimulated saliva and the counts of microorganisms (total microorganisms, streptococci, Candida) in saliva and tongue coating were investigated and compared before and after the recommencement of oral intake.

Results:
Tongue coating, choking, oral mucosal moisture and amount of unstimulated saliva were improved significantly after resumption of oral ingestion. The other investigated parameters did not significantly change, except for the streptococci in tongue coating, which significantly increased 1 week after oral ingestion recommencement, but decreased thereafter.

Conclusion:
After oral intake resumption, oral mucosal moisture and amount of unstimulated saliva were improved. However, because of a transitory increase in the counts of streptococci with oral ingestion recommencement, it is important to appropriately manage oral hygiene in these patients, according to the changes in their intraoral microbiota.
DIRECT MEASURE OF RADIATIVE AND DYNAMICAL PROPERTIES OF AN EXOPLANET ATMOSPHERE
Authors: Wit Julien de , Lewis Nikole K. , Langton Jonathan , Laughlin Gregory , Deming Drake , Batygin Konstantin , Fortney Jonathan J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Two decades after the discovery of 51 Peg b, the formation processes and atmospheres of short-period gas giants remain poorly understood. Observations of eccentric systems provide key insights on those topics as they can illuminate how a planet’s atmosphere responds to changes in incident flux. We report here the analysis of multi-day multi-channel photometry of the eccentric (

) hot Jupiter HD 80606 b obtained with the Spitzer Space Telescope. The planet’s extreme eccentricity combined with the long coverage and exquisite precision of new periastron-passage observations allow us to break the degeneracy between the radiative and dynamical timescales of HD 80606 b’s atmosphere and constrain its global thermal response. Our analysis reveals that the atmospheric layers probed heat rapidly (∼4 hr radiative timescale) from

to 1400 K as they absorb

of the incoming stellar flux during the periastron passage, while the planet’s rotation period is

hr, which exceeds the predicted pseudo-synchronous period (40 hr).