bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE HERSCHEL/HEXOS SPECTRAL SURVEY TOWARD ORION SOUTH: A MASSIVE PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPE WITH STRONG EXTERNAL IRRADIATION
Authors: Tahani K. , Plume R. , Bergin E. A. , Tolls V. , Phillips T. G. , Caux E. , Cabrit S. , Goicoechea J. R. , Goldsmith P. F. , Johnstone D. , Lis D. C. , Pagani L. , Menten K. M. , Müller H. S. P. , Ossenkopf-Okada V. , Pearson J. C. , Tak F. F. S. van der 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We present results from a comprehensive submillimeter spectral survey toward the source Orion South, based on data obtained with the Heterodyne Instrument for the Far-Infrared instrument on board the Herschel Space Observatory, covering the frequency range of 480 to 1900 GHz. We detect 685 spectral lines with signal-to-noise ratios (S/Ns) > 3σ, originating from 52 different molecular and atomic species. We model each of the detected species assuming conditions of Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium. This analysis provides an estimate of the physical conditions of Orion South (column density, temperature, source size, and V
LSR). We find evidence for three different cloud components: a cool (T
ex ∼ 20–40 K), spatially extended (>60″), and quiescent (ΔV
FWHM ∼ 4 km s−1) component; a warmer (T
ex ∼ 80–100 K), less spatially extended (∼30″), and dynamic (ΔV
FWHM ∼ 8 km s−1) component, which is likely affected by embedded outflows; and a kinematically distinct region (T
ex > 100 K; V
LSR ∼ 8 km s−1), dominated by emission from species that trace ultraviolet irradiation, likely at the surface of the cloud. We find little evidence for the existence of a chemically distinct “hot-core” component, likely due to the small filling factor of the hot core or hot cores within the Herschel beam. We find that the chemical composition of the gas in the cooler, quiescent component of Orion South more closely resembles that of the quiescent ridge in Orion-KL. The gas in the warmer, dynamic component, however, more closely resembles that of the Compact Ridge and Plateau regions of Orion-KL, suggesting that higher temperatures and shocks also have an influence on the overall chemistry of Orion South.
TYPE Ia SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS FROM HYBRID CARBON–OXYGEN–NEON WHITE DWARF PROGENITORS
Authors: Willcox Donald E. , Townsley Dean M. , Calder Alan C. , Denissenkov Pavel A. , Herwig Falk 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Motivated by recent results in stellar evolution that predict the existence of hybrid white dwarf (WD) stars with a C–O core inside an O–Ne shell, we simulate thermonuclear (Type Ia) supernovae from these hybrid progenitors. We use the FLASH code to perform multidimensional simulations in the deflagration-to-detonation transition (DDT) explosion paradigm. Our hybrid progenitor models were produced with the MESA stellar evolution code and include the effects of the Urca process, and we map the progenitor model to the FLASH grid. We performed a suite of DDT simulations over a range of ignition conditions consistent with the progenitor’s thermal and convective structure assuming multiple ignition points. To compare the results from these hybrid WD stars to previous results from C–O WDs, we construct a set of C–O WD models with similar properties and similarly simulate a suite of explosions. We find that despite significant variability within each suite, trends distinguishing the explosions are apparent in their

yields and the kinetic properties of the ejecta. We compare our results with other recent work that studies explosions from these hybrid progenitors.
AN ORDERED MAGNETIC FIELD IN THE PROTOPLANETARY DISK OF AB Aur REVEALED BY MID-INFRARED POLARIMETRY
Authors: Li Dan , Pantin Eric , Telesco Charles M. , Zhang Han , Wright Christopher M. , Barnes Peter J. , Packham Chris , Mariñas Naibí 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Magnetic fields (B-fields) play a key role in the formation and evolution of protoplanetary disks, but their properties are poorly understood due to the lack of observational constraints. Using CanariCam at the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias, we have mapped out the mid-infrared polarization of the protoplanetary disk around the Herbig Ae star AB Aur. We detect ∼0.44% polarization at 10.3 μm from AB Aur's inner disk (r < 80 au), rising to ∼1.4% at larger radii. Our simulations imply that the mid-infrared polarization of the inner disk arises from dichroic emission of elongated particles aligned in a disk B-field. The field is well ordered on a spatial scale, commensurate with our resolution (∼50 au), and we infer a poloidal shape tilted from the rotational axis of the disk. The disk of AB Aur is optically thick at 10.3 μm, so polarimetry at this wavelength is probing the B-field near the disk surface. Our observations therefore confirm that this layer, favored by some theoretical studies for developing magneto-rotational instability and its resultant viscosity, is indeed very likely to be magnetized. At radii beyond ∼80 au, the mid-infrared polarization results primarily from scattering by dust grains with sizes up to ∼1 μm, a size indicating both grain growth and, probably, turbulent lofting of the particles from the disk mid-plane.
ILLUMINATING BLACK HOLE BINARY FORMATION CHANNELS WITH SPINS IN ADVANCED LIGO
Authors: Rodriguez Carl L. , Zevin Michael , Pankow Chris , Kalogera Vasilliki , Rasio Frederic A. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
The recent detections of the binary black hole mergers GW150914 and GW151226 have inaugurated the field of gravitational-wave astronomy. For the two main formation channels that have been proposed for these sources, isolated binary evolution in galactic fields and dynamical formation in dense star clusters, the predicted masses and merger rates overlap significantly, complicating any astrophysical claims that rely on measured masses alone. Here, we examine the distribution of spin–orbit misalignments expected for binaries from the field and from dense star clusters. Under standard assumptions for black hole natal kicks, we find that black hole binaries similar to GW150914 could be formed with significant spin–orbit misalignment only through dynamical processes. In particular, these heavy-black hole binaries can only form with a significant spin–orbit anti-alignment in the dynamical channel. Our results suggest that future detections of merging black hole binaries with measurable spins will allow us to identify the main formation channel for these systems.
CHEMICAL DIVERSITY IN THE ULTRA-FAINT DWARF GALAXY TUCANA II*
Authors: Ji Alexander P. , Frebel Anna , Ezzeddine Rana , Casey Andrew R. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the first detailed chemical abundance study of the ultra-faint dwarf galaxy Tucana II, based on high-resolution Magellan/MIKE spectra of four red giant stars. The metallicities of these stars range from [Fe/H] = −3.2 to −2.6, and all stars are low in neutron-capture abundances ([Sr/Fe] and [Ba/Fe] < −1). However, a number of anomalous chemical signatures are present. One star is relatively metal-rich ([Fe/H] = −2.6) and shows [Na, α, Sc/Fe] < 0, suggesting an extended star formation history with contributions from AGB stars and SNe Ia. Two stars with [Fe/H] < −3 are mildly carbon-enhanced ([C/Fe] ∼ 0.7) and may be consistent with enrichment by faint supernovae, if such supernovae can produce neutron-capture elements. A fourth star with [Fe/H] = −3 is carbon-normal, and exhibits distinct light element abundance ratios from the carbon-enhanced stars. This carbon-normal star implies that at least two distinct nucleosynthesis sources, both possibly associated with Population III stars, contributed to the early chemical enrichment of this galaxy. Despite its very low luminosity, Tucana II shows a diversity of chemical signatures that preclude it from being a simple “one-shot” first galaxy yet still provide a window into star and galaxy formation in the early universe.
ESTIMATING THE GeV EMISSION OF MILLISECOND PULSARS IN DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES
Authors: Winter Miles , Zaharijas Gabrijela , Bechtol Keith , Vandenbroucke Justin 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
We estimate the conventional astrophysical emission from dwarf spheroidal satellite galaxies (dSphs) of the Milky Way (MW), focusing on millisecond pulsars (MSPs), and evaluate the potential for confusion with dark matter (DM) annihilation signatures at GeV energies. In low-density stellar environments, such as dSphs, the abundance of MSPs is expected to be proportional to stellar mass. Accordingly, we construct the γ-ray luminosity function (LF) of MSPs in the MW disk, where >90 individual MSPs have been detected with the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT), and scale this LF to the stellar masses of 30 dSphs to estimate the cumulative emission from their MSP populations. We predict that MSPs within the highest stellar mass dSphs, Fornax and Sculptor, produce a γ-ray flux >500 MeV of ∼10−11 ph cm−2 s−1, which is a factor ∼10 below the current LAT sensitivity at high Galactic latitudes. The MSP emission in ultra-faint dSphs, including targets with the largest J-factors, is typically several orders of magnitude lower, suggesting that these targets will remain clean targets for indirect DM searches in the foreseeable future. For a DM particle of mass 25 GeV annihilating to b quarks at the thermal relic cross section (consistent with DM interpretations of the Galactic Center excess), we find that the expected γ-ray emission due to DM exceeds that of MSPs in all of the target dSphs. Using the same MW MSP population model, we also estimate the Galactic foreground MSP coincidence probability along the same sightlines to the dSphs.
De l’inconstance du style de négociation chez les jeunes commerciaux
Authors: Brassier Pascal 
Published: November 2016

Comment les jeunes négociateurs perçoivent-ils leur propre style en négociation ? Entre une pression sociale qui tend à les pousser à devenir collaboratifs, les attentes et la culture de leur entreprise, leur crainte face à la confrontation et aux nécessaires résultats, quelle place leur style personnel peut-il trouver ? Cet article vise à porter un regard critique sur plusieurs points soutenant une telle injonction paradoxale : des facteurs d’influence parfois contradictoires, des attitudes a priori peu homogènes, une capacité discutable à s’adapter et adopter un style plus efficace. Une étude empirique menée avec plus de 180 jeunes négociateurs montre que la détermination d’un style de négociation particulier n’est pas aisée. L’existence d’une pluralité « molle » des styles incite plutôt à suggérer plus d’accompagnement managérial pour élargir la palette des capacités des jeunes négociateurs.
Deux siècles de politiques publiques des drogues
Authors: Bisiou Yann 
Published: November 2016

Dès l’origine, le tabac, l’alcool, l’opium ou même le cannabis ont été considérés comme des produits dangereux qui justifiaient soit une taxation élevée, soit un contrôle de l’État, soit même une prohibition. Ce n’est qu’avec le mouvement international de lutte contre l’opium puis les stupéfiants au début du XX e siècle que cette approche « globale » disparaît au profit d’une focalisation sur les produits plutôt que sur les comportements. Les politiques publiques vont alors diverger autour de deux grands objectifs contradictoires : favoriser l’offre de drogue, pour des raisons économiques ou fiscales ou, au contraire, lutter contre l’offre de drogue pour des raisons d’abord morales, ensuite sanitaires. L’auteur balaie deux siècles de législation des drogues, jusqu’à la Loi Santé promulguée en 2016.
Le plafond de verre chez les enseignants-chercheurs en sociologie et démographie
Authors: Chenu Alain , Martin Olivier 
Published: November 2016

La féminisation de l’enseignement supérieur français va croissante : la discipline « sociologie, démographie » illustre bien cette évolution puisqu’en 2012 44 % des enseignants-chercheurs en « sociologie, démographie » sont des femmes alors que ce taux ne s’élevait qu’à 24 % en 1984. Pourtant, cette féminisation croissante cache la persistance d’un plafond de verre. Cet article en montre l’existence et cherche à l’expliquer. À cet effet, la carrière des enseignants-chercheurs est analysée étape par étape (qualification, accès au corps des maîtres de conférences, éventuelle qualification comme professeur, accès éventuel à ce corps) à l’aide de données individuelles concernant la période 1984-2013. Si l’accès au corps des maîtres de conférences ne semble pas (ou plus) être entaché d’une inégalité défavorable aux femmes, ce n’est pas le cas de l’accès au corps des professeurs : le plafond de verre se situe sur le chemin qui mène les maîtres de conférences au statut de professeur.
Upper Quadrant Field Tests and Isokinetic Upper Limb Strength in Overhead Athletes
Authors: Borms Dorien , Maenhout Annelies , Cools Ann M. 
Published: November 2016

Context: Isokinetic testing is used to determine possible deficits in upper extremity strength in overhead athletes. Given that isokinetic testing is restricted to a laboratory setting, field tests, such as the Seated Medicine Ball Throw (SMBT) and Upper Quarter Y-Balance Test (YBT-UQ), were developed to assess upper body performance. The relationships between these field tests and isokinetic strength have not been examined.Objective: To investigate the relationship between isokinetic strength testing for shoulder external and internal rotation and elbow flexion and extension and SMBT distance and YBT-UQ performance in overhead athletes.Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: Institutional laboratory.Patients or Other Participants: A total of 29 healthy overhead athletes (14 men, 15 women; age = 21.6 ± 2.5 years, height = 177.7 ± 9.7 cm, mass = 70.3 ± 11.5 kg).Intervention(s): A Biodex dynamometer was used to measure the isokinetic strength of the shoulder and elbow muscles. Upper extremity performance was assessed using the SMBT and YBT-UQ.Main Outcome Measure(s): We used Pearson correlation coefficients and coefficients of determination to analyze the relationship between SMBT and YBT-UQ performance and the isokinetic strength variables.Results: We observed moderate to strong correlations between the SMBT and isokinetic shoulder and elbow strength (r range = 0.595−0.855) but no correlations between the YBT-UQ and isokinetic strength variables. The shared variance between these strength variables and the SMBT ranged from 35.4% to 64.5% for shoulder strength and 58.5% to 73.1% for elbow strength.Conclusions: These findings suggested that the SMBT is a reliable, low-cost, and easy- and quick-to-administer alternative to isokinetic testing for evaluating upper extremity strength in a clinical setting. Performance on the YBT-UQ did not seem to be related to upper limb strength and, therefore, cannot be used for this purpose. Using the YBT-UQ for other purposes may have value.
Finite-Element Modeling of Time-Dependent Sodium Exchange across the Hollow Fiber of a Hemodialyzer by Coupling with a Blood Pool Model
Authors: Ravagli Enrico , Grandi Elena , Rovatti Paolo , Severi Stefano 
Published: November 2016

Introduction Hollow fiber models describe the exchange of solutes between blood and dialysate across the membrane of a single fiber of the hemodialysis filter (hemodialyzer). This work aims to develop a new approach to simulate the solute exchange in a hollow fiber in a dynamic and realistic way. Sodium was chosen as our solute of interest due to its importance in hemodialysis as an osmotic regulator. Methods A 2-dimensional (2D) hollow fiber model based on the finite element method (FEM) is coupled to a simple blood pool model to dynamically update the concentration of the solute entering the dialyzer. The resulting coupled model maintains the geometrical detail of the 2D fiber representation and gains a dynamic, blood-side inlet solute concentration. In vitro dialysis sessions were carried out for model validation, by implementing a combination of blood volume loss and/or sodium concentration steps. Plasmatic sodium concentration was recorded by blood gas sampling. Dialysate inlet and outlet conductivities were continuously recorded. Results Simulated plasmatic sodium concentration was compared with data from the blood gas samples. A mean error of 1.76 ± 1.03 mM was found for the complete dataset, along with a 3.87 mM maximum error. The simulated outlet dialysate sodium concentration was compared with the recorded outlet dialysate conductivity: a very high correlation was found on the whole dataset (R2 = 0.992). Conclusions Coupling our FEM hollow fiber model to a simple blood pool model proved to be an effective approach for dynamical analysis of the properties of the hemodialyzer.
Physical Capacity in LVAD Patients: Hemodynamic Principles, Diagnostic Tools and Training Control
Authors: Reiss Nils , Schmidt Thomas , Workowski Anke , Willemsen Detlev , Schmitto Jan D. , Haverich Axel , Bjarnason-Wehrens Birna 
Published: November 2016

Over time left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have become an alternative to heart transplantation because of enormous technical development and miniaturization. Most patients present a significant improvement in clinical conditions and exercise capacity. Nevertheless, exercise tolerance remains markedly limited even after LVAD implantation compared to a control group. The complex physiological and hemodynamic changes in LVAD patients, both at rest and during exercise, are not yet understood, or at least not completely. It is the aim of the present paper to describe the current state of scientific knowledge. Furthermore, the spectrum of diagnostic tools, including the noninvasive inert gas rebreathing method for measurement of cardiac output and associate parameters, are discussed. Options for training control in this special patient group are presented.
Tibial Revision Knee Arthroplasty: Influence of Modular Stems on Implant Fixation and Bone Flexibility in AORI Type T2a Defects
Authors: Nadorf Jan , Gantz Simone , Kohl Konner , Kretzer Jan P. 
Published: November 2016

Background Due to the varying bone defects presented to surgeons during revision total knee arthroplasty, modular implant systems are preferred over standard implant designs. However, every implant combination (sleeves, stems and augments) can affect the fixation in different ways and thus influence the long-term outcome. We therefore aimed to analyze the effect of large metaphyseal sleeves with and without short modular stems on implant fixation and bone flexibility of a modular tibial revision knee system. Methods A new tibial revision implant (Attune RP Revision; DePuy Synthes) with a sleeve was compared to a sleeve/stem combination implanted in synthetic bones with Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute (AORI) Type T2a defects and also compared to an intact bone. Implant-bone-interface micromotions and bone deformations during standardized load application were measured using a digital image correlation system. Results The lowest relative micromotions were measured more distally for stemmed implants, and more proximally for the stemless group. When compared to an intact bone, there is increased proximal bone deformation in the stemless group. Conclusions Using a short stem in addition to a tibial revision implant with a metaphyseal sleeve in a moderate bone defect provides for more natural bone deformation. Although the main fixation area was shifted distally, relative micromotions were reduced. Based on this biomechanical study, the use of diaphyseal short stems with metaphyseal sleeves seems to be beneficial in terms of the initial implant fixation and for its flexibility, which is similar to that of intact bones in the case of AORI T2a defects.
Over-catheter tract suture to prevent bleeding and air embolism after tunnelled catheter removal
Authors: Letachowicz Krzysztof , Gołębiowski Tomasz , Kusztal Mariusz , Penar Jan , Letachowicz Waldemar , Weyde Wacław , Klinger Marian 
Published: November 2016

Introduction Severe, life-threating, complications might occur on dialysis catheter removal. Methods We present a useful technique that may prevent vascular air embolism and severe bleeding. Results The suture is placed around the catheter and tied over previous tract just after device removal. Conclusions Applying a compressing suture to the tract left after removal of a tunnelled haemodialysis catheter is a simple manoeuvre that could prevent severe complication.
Wharton, Sex, and the Terrible Honesty of the 1920s
Authors: Dawson Melanie 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Reading Wharton's novels The Mother's Recompense and Twilight Sleep in relation to a broader cultural conversation about the supposedly new nature of honesty, “Wharton Sex, and the Terrible Honesty of the 1920s” interrogates one central tenet of this concept: that youth were understood to be more profoundly invested in honesty and its shocking provocations than were their elders. Warner Fabian's 1923 best seller, Flaming Youth, for example, proposes that part of the shock of the modern was youth's tendency to voice disconcerting, uncomfortable truths of the type Ann Douglas has explored and which early twentieth-century commentators such Fabian, Ben Lindsey and Wainwright Evans, and Frederick Lewis Allen presented as characteristics of a generation. Yet Wharton's vision disrupts this generational narrative by highlighting the younger generation's provocative postures of honesty, even while they engage in surreptitious affairs, display a willful blindness to troubling events, and exhibit self-denial in regard to their deepest desires. In all, youth of Wharton's 1920s fictions appear less than forthright about the most significant aspects of their lives, thereby complicating a central narrative that would divide generations via the matter of truth.
Evaluation of the Tolerability of Intermittent Intravenous Sildenafil in Pediatric Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Fender Robyn A. , Hasselman Ty E. , Wang Yanzhi , Harthan Aaron A. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVES:
The primary purpose of this study was to determine the tolerability of intermittent intravenous (IV) sildenafil for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in pediatric patients. Secondary objectives were to evaluate parameters related to efficacy.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective chart review from January 2013 to August 2014 of pediatric patients under age 18 years treated with intermittent doses of IV sildenafil for pulmonary hypertension. Patients were excluded if they were over age 18 years or received sildenafil for other indications. Measures collected to assess tolerability include blood pressure and heart rate before and after the administration of IV sildenafil, as well as adverse events.

RESULTS:
Thirty-seven patients (21 females and 16 males) were identified meeting inclusion criteria, and 21 (56.8%) were on oral sildenafil prior to the initial IV dose. The mean decrease in blood pressure after the first dose of IV sildenafil was 7.16/2.74 mmHg. The decrease in systolic blood pressure was statistically significant. During the study period, 5 patients experienced medication related adverse events, primarily hypotension. Despite this, none of the patients had the medication discontinued due to these events. For secondary objectives, a statistically significant difference was not found between other clinical measures before and after intermittent IV sildenafil dosing.

CONCLUSIONS:
Sildenafil, when administered as intermittent IV doses, was tolerated by the majority of patients evaluated in this study. For pediatric patients with pulmonary hypertension in whom enteral or continuous IV sildenafil cannot be administered, intermittent IV sildenafil may be considered as an alternative administration option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Photoluminescence Study of a Single Dopant Near White Light Emitting Li4CaB2O6:Dy3+ Nanophosphor.
Authors: Neharika Neharika , Kumar Vinay , Singh Vivek K. , Sharma J. , Ntwaeaborwa O.m. , Swart H.c. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLi4Ca1‐xB2O6:xDy3+ (x = 0.5—2.5 mol%) nanocrystalline phosphors are prepared by combustion synthesis involving mixtures of Ca(NO3)2, LiNO3, Dy2O3, and NH2CONH2 as the fuel together with 2.5 wt% PEG as dispersant (1.