bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lung Cancer: Short‐Term Reproducibility of Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Parameters and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient at 3T
Authors: Jiang Jianqin , Yin Jianbin , Cui Lei , Gu Xiaowen , Cai Rongfang , Gong Shenchu , Xu Yiming , Ma Hang , Mao Jian 
Published: July 2017

PurposeTo prospectively evaluate the short‐term reproducibility of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in lung cancer patients.Materials and MethodsIn all, 50 patients (50 lesions) underwent free‐breathing diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) (b = 0, 300, 800 s/mm2) and IVIM (10 b‐values, 0–1000 s/mm2) scans twice (0.5–1‐hour interval) at 3T. Regions of interests (ROIs) were drawn on ADC maps and IVIM images to derive the mean ADC value and IVIM parameters D, D*, and f. Intra‐ and interobserver, test–retest reproducibility were assessed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), within coefficient‐of‐variations (WCVs), and Bland–Altman analysis. The effects of type, size, and location of lung lesions were compared with WCVs.ResultsD and ADC showed good intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver agreement, while D* and f showed relatively larger variability (WCV 20.89–34.97%). The test–retest reproducibility of D and ADC were good (ICC 0.763–0.837; WCV 11.12–12.55%), while those of D* and f were relatively poor (ICC 0.604–0.842; WCV 36.54–72.62%). D and ADC had decreased reproducibility for lesions <2 cm (WCV 14.20%, 16.34%, respectively) and for lesions in the lower lung zones (WCV 16.52%, 14.78%, respectively). f had decreased reproducibility in central lung cancers (WCV 50.11%) and lesions >2 cm (WCV 42.64%). D* had even worse reproducibility in peripheral lung cancers (WCV 84.11%) and lesions in the lower lung zones (WCV 80.84%).ConclusionIf the change in ADC, D, D*, and f values is less than ∼31%, 34%, 170%, and 130%, respectively, it may be caused by measurement error. The type, size, and location of lung lesions have an effect on measurement errors.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage: 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1003–1012.
Different resuscitation strategies and novel pharmacologic treatment with valproic acid in traumatic brain injury
Authors: Dekker Simone E. , Nikolian Vahagn C. , Sillesen Martin , Bambakidis Ted , Schober Patrick , Alam Hasan B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death in young adults, and effective treatment strategies have the potential to save many lives. TBI results in coagulopathy, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, cell death, and impaired epigenetic homeostasis, ultimately leading to morbidity and/or mortality. Commonly used resuscitation fluids such as crystalloids or colloids have several disadvantages and might even be harmful when administered in large quantities. There is a need for next‐generation treatment strategies (especially in the prehospital setting) that minimize cellular damage, improve survival, and enhance neurological recovery. Pharmacologic treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as valproic acid, has shown promising results in animal studies of TBI and may therefore be an excellent example of next‐generation therapy. This review briefly describes traditional resuscitation strategies for TBI combined with hemorrhagic shock and describes preclinical studies on valproic acid as a new pharmacologic agent in the treatment of TBI. It finally discusses limitations and future directions on the use of histone deacetylase inhibitors for the treatment of TBI.
Immediate and short‐term effects of real‐time knee adduction moment feedback on the peak and cumulative knee load during walking
Authors: Jackson Brennan , Gordon Keith E. , Chang Alison H. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe peak external knee adduction moment (pKAM), KAM impulse, and peak knee flexion moment (pKFM) during gait are important loading variables in medial tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. We evaluated the effects of gait modification, using real‐time pKAM visual feedback, on pKAM, KAM impulse, and pKFM; and whether participants could maintain the KAM‐reducing gait after feedback removal. Eleven healthy individuals performed a series of walking trials on a split‐belt instrumented treadmill under four conditions of Baseline, Feedback, No Feedback Early, and No Feedback Late. Guided by real‐time feedback of pKAM, they modified their gait patterns to lower pKAM by 20%. Three‐dimensional joint kinematics/kinetics during each walking condition were recorded by a 12‐camera motion capture system and the instrumented treadmill. Change in each knee loading parameter from baseline across conditions was assessed using one‐way repeated‐measures analysis‐of‐variances. In the feedback limb, successful 20% reductions from baseline in pKAM and KAM impulse were achieved across all three conditions. There was a trend for concomitant pKFM increases, partially attenuating the beneficial effects of pKAM reduction. A carry‐over effect of KAM reduction in the non‐feedback limb was noted. The altered gait patterns were participant‐specific and multi‐modal; each participant reported a combination of two to three gait modification strategies used for pKAM reduction. Toe‐in and medial foot contact were the most reported strategies. The findings support the real‐time pKAM visual feedback as a tool for individualized gait modification to reduce knee load. Future studies to evaluate its effectiveness in persons with or at risk for medial knee osteoarthritis is warranted. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:397–404, 2018.
A quantified risk‐scoring system and rating model for postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome in gastric cancer patients
Authors: Chen Xiao‐dong , Mao Chen‐chen , Zhang Wei‐teng , Lin Ji , Wu Rui‐sen , Zhang Feng‐min , Sun Xiang‐wei , Chi Chu‐huai , Shen Xian , Wang Peng‐fei 
Published: July 2017

Background and ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity and postsurgical gastroparesis syndrome (PGS), and to construct a scoring system and a risk model to identify patients at high risk.MethodsA total of 634 patients were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics were evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Logistic analysis was performed to determine the independent predictive indicators of PGS. A scoring system consisting of these indicators and a risk‐rating model were constructed and evaluated via ROC curve analysis.ResultsBased on the ROC curves, the visceral fat area (VFA) cutoff value for PGS was 94.00. Logistic analysis showed that visceral obesity (VFA ≥ 94.00 cm2), the reconstruction technique, and tumor size were independent prognostic factors for PGS. The scoring system could predict PGS reliably with a high area under the ROC curve ([AUC] = 0.769). A high‐risk rating had a high AUC (AUC I = 0.56, AUC II = 0.65, and AUC III = 0.77), indicating that the risk‐rating model could effectively screen patients at high risk of PGS.ConclusionsVisceral obesity defined by VFA effectively predicted PGS. Our scoring system may be a reliable instrument for identifying patients most at risk of PGS.
Prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities among women undergoing free tissue autologous breast reconstruction
Authors: Becherer Babette E. , Kamali Parisa , Paul Marek A. , Wu Winona , Curiel Daniel A. , Rakhorst Hinne A. , Lee Bernard , Lin Samuel J. , Kansal Kari J. 
Published: July 2017

Background and ObjectivesAutologous breast reconstruction (BR) can be a stressful life event. Therefore, women undergoing mastectomy and autologous BR are required to have sufficient coping mechanisms. Although mental health problems are widespread, information regarding the prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis among these patients is scarce.MethodsRetrospective analysis was performed using data from a large tertiary teaching hospital and the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Patients undergoing autologous BR after mastectomy were included and evaluated for psychiatric disorders. Prevalence of each disorder, timing of diagnosis (preoperative or postoperative), and data per age group were reviewed.ResultsBetween 2004 and 2014, 817 patients were included from the institutional database and 26 399 from the NIS database. Preoperatively, 15.3% of the patients were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder within our institution and 17.6% nationwide (P < 0.001). Postoperatively, 20.5% of the institutional patients were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder. No major differences in prevalence were seen between age groups.ConclusionsApproximately, one in six patients were diagnosed with a psychiatric comorbidity preoperatively. Postoperatively, an additional 20.5% developed a psychiatric disorder. There was no difference in prevalence and timing of diagnosis between age groups.
Tailoring the Morphology of Responsive Bioinspired Bicomponent Fibers
Authors: Gernhardt Marvin , Peng Ling , Burgard Matthias , Jiang Shaohua , Förster Beate , Schmalz Holger , Agarwal Seema 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNature is an intriguing inspiration for designing a myriad of functional materials. However, artificial mimicking of bioinspired structures usually requires different specialized procedures and setups. In this study, a new upscalable concept is presented that allows to produce two bioinspired, bicomponent fiber morphologies (side‐by‐side and coaxial bead‐on‐string) using the same electrospinning setup, just by changing the employed spinning solvent. The generated fiber morphologies are highly attractive for thermoresponsive actuation and water harvesting. Another challenge solved in this work is the compositional characterization of complex fiber morphologies. Raman imaging and atomic force microscopy is introduced as a powerful method for the unambiguous characterization of complex bicomponent fiber morphologies. The work opens the way for the construction of heterostructured fiber morphologies based on different polymers combinations, offering high potential for applications as actuators, smart textiles, water management, drug release, and catalysis.
Application of NIR Spectroscopy Coupled with PLS Regression for Quantification of Total Polyphenol Contents from the Fruit and Aerial Parts of Citrullus colocynthis
Authors: Rizvi Tania S. , Mabood Fazal , Ali Liaqat , Al‐Broumi Mohammed , Al Rabani Hamida K.M. , Hussain Javid , Jabeen Farah , Manzoor Suryyia , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionCitrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad is extensively used to treat diabetes, obesity, fever, cancer, amenorrhea, jaundice, leukemia, rheumatism, and respiratory diseases. Chemical studies have indicated the presence of several cucurbitacins, flavones, and other polyphenols in this plant. These phytochemical constituents are responsible for the interesting antioxidant and other biological activities of C. colocynthis.ObjectiveIn the present study, for the first time, near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy coupled with partial least square (PLS) regression analysis was used to quantify the polyphenolic phytochemicals of C. colocynthis.MethodologyThe fruit and aerial parts of the C. colocynthis were extracted individually in methanol followed by fractionation in n‐hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n‐butanol, and water. Near infrared (NIR) spectra were obtained in absorption mode in the wavelength range 700–2500 nm. The PLS regression model was then built from the obtained spectral data to quantify the total polyphenol contents in the selected plant samples.ResultsThe PLS regression model obtained had a R2 value of 99% with a 0.98 correlationship value and a good prediction with a root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) value of 1.89% and correlation of 0.98. These results were further confirmed through UV–vis spectroscopy and it is found that the ethyl acetate fraction has the maximum value for polyphenol contents (101.7 mg/100 g; NIR, 100.4 mg/100 g; UV–vis).ConclusionsThe polyphenolic phytochemicals of the fruit and aerial parts of C. colocynthis have been quantified successfully by using multivariate analysis in a non‐destructive, economical, precise, and highly sensitive method, which uses very simple sample preparation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RAFT synthesis of an amphiphilic block copolymer bearing chlorin rings in the hydrophobic segment and its application in photodynamic therapy
Authors: Obata Makoto , Tanaka Shuto , Mizukoshi Hiroshi , Ishihara Eika , Takahashi Masaki , Hirohara Shiho 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTRAFT polymerization of styrene (St) in the presence of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin (TFPP) was conducted using 4‐cyano‐4‐(thiobenzoyl)thiopentanoic acid as a chain‐transfer agent and azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator at 60 °C. The resulting polymer exhibited a chlorin‐like UV‐vis spectrum, which indicated that the polymer possessed a reduced TFPP structure. Furthermore, an SEC trace recorded using UV‐vis detector (λ = 410 nm), which selectively detected the TFPP‐incorporated polymer, shifted toward higher molecular mass as the polymerization progressed. This evidence indicated that TFPP acted as a vinylene‐type monomer, such as maleimide, to form a copolymer, namely, poly(St‐co‐TFPP). The mole fraction of TFPP units was estimated to be 0.74 × 10−3, which was close to that in the feed (1 × 10−3). Chain extension of poly(St‐co‐TFPP) with polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether acrylate (PEGA) was performed to afford the amphiphilic block copolymer poly(St‐co‐TFPP)‐b‐poly(PEGA). The degrees of polymerization of St and PEGA were determined to be 64 and 75, respectively. Poly(St‐co‐TFPP)‐b‐poly(PEGA) formed micelles following dialysis. The median diameter of the micelles in solution was determined to be 16 nm by DLS. The photocytotoxicity of the micelle solution was evaluated in a human glioblastoma cell line (U251) and an N‐methyl‐N'‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine‐induced mutant of a rat murine RGM‐1 gastric carcinoma mucosal cell line (RGK‐1). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3395–3403
The effectiveness of a group intervention to facilitate posttraumatic growth among women with breast cancer
Authors: Ramos Catarina , Costa Pedro Alexandre , Rudnicki Tânia , Marôco Ana Lúcia , Leal Isabel , Guimarães Raquel , Fougo José Luís , Tedeschi Richard G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis longitudinal study tested the effectiveness of a group intervention designed to facilitate posttraumatic growth (PTG).MethodsSample consisted of 205 women diagnosed with non‐metastatic breast cancer who were either assigned to an intervention group (n = 58) or to a control group (n = 147). PTG, challenge to core beliefs, and rumination (intrusive and deliberate) were assessed at baseline (T1), at 6 months (T2), and at 12 months after baseline (T3).ResultsResults from the Latent Growth Modeling suggested that participants from the intervention group have higher levels of PTG. The challenge to core beliefs and the intrusive rumination have a moderator role on PTG, since group intervention is also linked to the enhancement of both variables.ConclusionsParticipation in the intervention group increase PTG. Challenge to core beliefs and intrusive rumination are improved by group intervention, which to a certain extent facilitate PTG.
Nanoparticle Probes for Quantifying Supramolecular Determinants of Biosurface Affinity
Authors: Le N. D. B. , Hou S. , Tonga G. Y. , Jerri H. A. , Elci S. G. , Mizuhara T. , Normand V. , Benczédi D. , Vachet R. W. , Rotello V. M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInteractions between macromolecular systems and biosurfaces are complicated by the complexity of these multivalent interactions and challenges in quantifying affinities. In this study, a library of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with different functional head groups as multivalent probes to quantify biosurface affinity, using hair as a model targeted substrate, is used. The adhesion of the AuNPs is quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Using this method it is demonstrated that multiple supramolecular forces affect affinity. As expected, electrostatic interaction is a strong driving force for adhesion of the nanoparticle tags onto hair in aqueous solution, evidenced by a much higher level of gold adsorption for cationic AuNPs compared to anionic or neutral AuNPs. Functionalized cationic AuNPs are synthesized with systematically varied terminal groups and are screened for deposition onto hair. AuNP adhesion onto hair in water generally decreases as a function of increasing hydrophobicity; however, electron‐rich aromatic rings provide significantly enhanced attachment. Although the intact, healthy hair cuticle is considered negatively charged and hydrophobic, the findings indicate that hydrophobic interactions are not as critical to deposition of AuNPs onto hair as the electrostatic component from the presence and accessibility of the cationic moieties, which are the greatest drivers for deposition onto hair.
Vitamin B6 Cofactor‐Conjugated Polyethyleneimine‐Passivated Silver Nanoclusters for Fluorescent Sensing of Zn2+ and Cd2+ Using Chemically Modified Cellulose Strips
Authors: Bothra Shilpa , Paira Priyankar , Kumar SK Ashok , Kumar Rajender , Sahoo Suban K 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis work presents the fluorescent turn‐on sensing of Zn2+ and Cd2+ by using a nano‐assembly designed by the surface modification of the blue fluorescent polyethyleneimine (PEI) passivated silver nanoclusters (PEI‐AgNCs) with the vitamin B6 cofactor pyridoxal 5‘‐phosphate (PLP) in aqueous medium. The cofactor PLP was conjugated through the Schiff base condensation between the ‐CHO group of PLP and the free –NH2 present in PEI‐AgNCs. The formation of nano‐assembly PLP_PEI‐AgNCs was ascertained from various characterization along with the fluorescent color change from blue to yellow. Upon addition of Zn2+ and Cd2+, the yellow fluorescent of PLP_PEI‐AgNCs instantaneously and selectively changed to bluish‐green with a significant fluorescence enhancement at 475 nm. The developed nanoprobe shows the detection limit down to 50.5 x 10−8 M for Zn2+ and 59.0 x 10−8 M for Cd2+ without any interference from other tested metal ions and was applied for the recognition of Zn2+ and Cd2+ in various environmental and biological fluids with good recovery %. Also, the PLP conjugated PEI‐AgNCs was covalently anchored over the cellulose paper strips, characterized and then applied for the detection of Zn2+ and Cd2+. In addition, the developed system has been employed for the qualitative detection of intracellular Zn2+ in live HeLa cells by fluorescence imaging.
Oxidative Amidation of Methylarenes and Heteroamines under Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Pappula Venkatanarayana , Ravi Chitrakar , Samanta Supravat , Adimurthy Subbarayappa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSynthesis of heteroamides through oxidative amidation of methylarenes with hetero aromatic amines using tert‐Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant has been described. The present method represents a significant development for the oxidative amidation of methylarenes to obtain heteroamides which does not require metal catalyst and TBHP act as only oxidant. Methylarenes are easy to handle, stable, commercially available (by‐products in gasoline industry) and used as carbonyl source for amide synthesis. The reaction proceeds through the imine intermediate formation and its subsequent oxidation by TBHP provides the desired amides.
Synthesis of Optically Pure Arylamine Derivatives by Using the Bucherer Reaction
Authors: Dahms Benedikt , Franke Robert , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Bucherer reaction is a common pathway for the conversion of 1‐ and 2‐naphthols into the corresponding 1‐ or 2‐naphthylamines, respectively. Mostly, only singular examples for its preparative use are reported since this particular transformation seems to be very sensitive to the reaction conditions. By choosing different phenolic substrates and chiral amines, we were able to prepare a broad scope of optically pure arylamines using this type of reaction. In contrast to alternative methods forming C−N aryl bonds such as Buchwald‐Hartwig or Chan‐Lam cross‐coupling reactions, no palladium or copper catalysts are required. The use of water as solvent and the easily available starting materials make this method to an attractive approach.
Non‐Gaussian characteristics and extreme distribution of fluctuating wind pressures on large cylindrical–conical steel cooling towers
Authors: Ke Shitang , Wang Hao , Ge Yaojun 
Published: July 2017

SummaryLarge cylindrical–conical steel cooling tower (SCT) represents a new configuration of cooling tower, and its wind load distribution pattern and forming mechanism are very different from those of the traditional hyperbolic cooling towers. Large eddy simulation was used for the numerical simulation on a superlarge cylindrical–conical SCT that exceeds the specification limit, which is also the highest (189 m) SCT under construction in Asia. The surface flow field and time history of 3‐D aerodynamic force were obtained for the cylindrical and conical parts, respectively. Comparison with the measurements of other large cooling towers and the results of wind tunnel test confirmed the validity of the numerical simulation. Then, based on the probability density distribution and spatial correlation of representative measuring points, regions of non‐Gaussian distribution were identified. The forming mechanism of non‐Gaussian wind pressure distribution was revealed from the perspective of the correlation of non‐Gaussian distribution versus flow separation and eddy motion. The criteria for classifying the region of non‐Gaussian distribution for the cylindrical and conical parts were analyzed, respectively. Research shows that the wind pressures in the windward regions of conical and cylindrical parts obey Gaussian distribution; however, the wind pressures from the region of extreme negative pressure to the region of flow separation are largely non‐Gaussian and the wind pressures of the conical part are generally non‐Gaussian in the leeward region. Finally, the three algorithms for calculating the extreme values of wind pressure were used, namely, peak factor method, improved peak factor method, and Sadek–Simiu method. The distribution patterns of peak factors and extreme values of wind pressure in SCT towers were analyzed comparatively. The 2‐D formulae for fitting the extreme values of wind values for the cylindrical and conical parts were derived by nonlinear least square method. Moreover, strategy for value determination was also presented. The present research aimed to strengthen the understanding of the fluctuating wind pressure distribution and its forming mechanism for large cylindrical–conical SCT towers.