bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Una revisión contemporánea a la doctrina de la distinción de poderes
Authors: Gómez Velásquez Alejandro , Montoya Brand Mario 
Published: October 2017

La distinción de poderes es una doctrina típicamente moderna. Con ella, se suele hacer referencia conjunta a los principios de división del poder, separación entre poderes y frenos y contrapesos entre los órganos del poder político. Esta doctrina guarda vigencia en nuestros días, en tanto, se suele partir de ella para estructurar los Estados desde la modernidad hasta nuestros días. Sin embargo, a raíz de los retos que enfrenta el Estado contemporáneo, dicha doctrina se encuentra en entredicho, por lo que han aparecido defensores y detractores contemporáneos de la misma. En este orden de ideas, el presente documento ofrece algunas precisiones sobre los orígenes, alcances y contenidos de la distinción de poderes al acudir a sus orígenes doctrinales. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/16578953.817
Imagen, virtualidad y heterotopía. Reflexiones acerca de la imagen y su función heterotópica
Authors: Parra Valencia Juan Diego 
Published: October 2017

El presente artículo aborda la noción de imagen, como campo problemático, más allá del régimen semiológico instaurado desde los modelos lingüísticos. En general, la noción de imagen ha estado vinculada solo a la idea de “representación”, desde la cual se logró domesticar su potencial instaurador de estados de sensibilidad. Consideramos pertinente ampliar campos de reflexión sobre aspectos que no se restrinjan a su funcionalidad representacional y para ello, nos apoyaremos en el concepto de heterotopía de Michel Foucault, el cual nos servirá de ayuda, por cuanto expande el campo de reflexión estética y permite integrar a la dimensión simbólica, la función virtualizante de la imagen como productora de estados de sensibilidad. La imagen, a nuestro entender, funciona como una heterotopía, es una tipología espacio-temporal no convencional, y por tanto es estructurante y configuradora de realidad, tanto en términos sensibles como inteligibles. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/16578953.828
“Ayudarnos es parte de nuestra cultura”. Estrategias de los migrantes ante la crisis económica: El caso de la población senegalesa en Granada
Authors: López Fernández Rosalía , Maroto Blanco José Manuel 
Published: October 2017

Los efectos de la crisis económica han tenido un profundo impacto en el conjunto de la población, aunque la repercusión para la población inmigrante extranjera en general se ha visto magnificada por una serie de condiciones de partida que ya los situaban en posiciones de vulnerabilidad social. En este texto se pretende mostrar cómo los inmigrantes senegaleses de la ciudad de Granada han sufrido igualmente los efectos de esta crisis y cómo han puesto en marcha una serie de estrategias, basadas en el sentimiento de una cultura compartida y de una identidad senegalesa, mediante las cuales han hecho frente a la desatención institucional que ha sido justificada principalmente en términos económicos. El análisis de estas estrategias pone de manifiesto la manera en la que el colectivo senegalés afronta la crisis con menores costes sociales y personales, amortiguando el impacto negativo que la reducción de recursos públicos destinados a la atención de la población inmigrante ha tenido. The effects of the economic crisis have had a profound impact on the whole population, although the impact for the foreign immigrant population has been magnified due to a serie of initial conditions which allocated them in positions of social vulnerability. This text is intended to show how Senegalese immigrants of the city of Granada have also suffered the effects of the economic crisis and how they have developed certain strategies based on the feeling of a shared culture and a Senegalese identity whereby they have faced the crisis and the institutional neglect that has been justified primarily in economic terms. The analysis of the strategies shows how the Senegalese community faces the crisis with the lower social and personal costs, cushioning the negative impact that the reduction of public resources destined to the attention of the immigrant population has had.
Contabilidad del Temple de París
Authors: Palacios Rodríguez Marta , Fidalgo Cerviño Esther 
Published: October 2017

Con motivo de los tres ejercicios contables en que se dividía el año natural, fechados en la Candelaria, la Ascensión y Todos los Santos, los templarios daban cuenta de su gestión a sus clientes, entregándoles un resumen en cada ejercicio en el que aparecía la posición deudora o acreedora de la Orden frente a ellos que denominamos extracto de cuenta.
En este trabajo se realiza un análisis descriptivo y cualitativo del contenido del extracto de la cuenta de la Candelaria o extracto de la cuenta de cobros y pagos realizados por el tesorero del Temple para Blanca de Castilla, reina madre de Francia, del 2 de febrero de 1243, que nos ofrece un ejemplo de la rendición de cuentas del Temple a uno de sus clientes. Documento en el que existe cierta discusión acerca de la posible existencia de vestigios del uso de la partida doble.
Post-Operative Outcomes of Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Patients after Topical Use of Tranexamic Acid
Authors: Hoque Asraful , Adhikary Asit Baran , Hasan KAM Mahbub , Rahman Romena , Uddin Mauin , Hasan Mohammad Kamrul 
Published: October 2017

Background: Postoperative mediastinal bleeding in patients undergoing cardiac surgery is still one of the most common complications. Objective: This study was intended to investigate the efficacy of topical tranexamic acid in reducing postoperative bleeding after OPCAB surgery. Methodology: This non-randomized, double blinded, clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Cardiac Surgery at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD), Dhaka, Bangladesh during January 2014 to December 2015 for a period of two (2) years. Patients undergone CABG after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria was recruited for this study. They were assigned in two groups 30 patients in tranexamic acid group (Group 1) and 30 patients in placebo group (Group 2). On completion of the grafting, before closure of the sternum tranexamic acid (2.5 g/25 mL) or placebo (25 mL of saline) diluted in 100 mL of warm saline (37° C) was instilled into the pericardial cavity including the mediastinal tissues and left for 5 minutes. Then it was cleared out by wall sucker and sternum was closed. Result: There was no significant difference in baseline demographic data, basic clinical characteristics and preoperative coagulation profile between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Total mediastinal bleeding in group 1 and group 2 patients were 421.67±70.32 vs 593.33±77.38 ml (p<0.001). In case of, whole blood transfusion in group 1 and group 2 patients were 0.87±0.0.73 units and 1.77±0.57 units respectively (p<0.001). No patient required reoperation for bleeding and there was no incidence of prolonged ventilation, MI, thromboembolism, DVT or CVA in any of the patients in either group. Conclusion: In conclusion the efficacy of topical tranexamic acid is helpful for reducing postoperative bleeding after OPCAB surgery. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2016;2(2): 79-83
Effect of Pregabalin Use as Preemptive Analgesia after Abdominal Hysterectomy on Heart Rate and Arterial Pressure
Authors: Asfia Kazi Nur , Hossain Moinul , Aktaruzzaman AKM , Kamal Mostofa , Yusuf Mohammad Abdullah , Zainab Farhanaz 
Published: October 2017

Background: Effect of pregabalin on heart rate and arterial pressure is important in its use as preemptive analgesia. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pregabalin use as preemptive analgesia after abdominal hysterectomy on heart rate and arterial pressure.Methodology: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Banghabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from July 2010 to June 2012 for a period of two years. Women aged between 40-60 years scheduled for abdominal hysterectomy under sub-arachnoid block were selected as study population for this study. A total of one hundred and twenty women meeting the above mentioned criteria were randomly allocated into two equal groups by card sampling. 120 cards, 60 for each group were prepared by another person who was not aware of the study. Group A was known as study group who were received 300mg oral pregnabin one hour before performance of SAB and group B was known as control group who were received matching placebo one hour before SAB. The patients were examined preoperatively and preoperative baseline parameters including heart rate, mean arterial pressure were recorded immediately before sub-arachnoid block (SAB). Patients were visited by the investigators at ½, 1, 2, 4, 12, and 24 h after operation. In each visit, heart rate and mean arterial pressure were measured and were recorded. Result: The present study was conducted on 120 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Of them, 60 received preemptive single oral doses (300mg) Pregabalin (Group A) and the rest 60 received matching placebos (Group B) 1hr before surgery. The mean heart rate with SD before SAB was 79.4±4.7 and 90.5±5.7 in group A and B respectively (p=0.011). After 24 hours of operation the mean heart rate with SD was 73±5 and 85±4 in group A and B respectively (p= 0.043). The mean arterial pressure with SD before SAB was 94.3±5.3 and 95.8±20.4 in group A and B respectively (p=0.569). After 24 hours of operation the mean arterial pressure with SD was 89.4±4.45 and 96.1±2.56 in group A and B respectively (p <0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion the mean heart rate and arterial pressure are statistically significantly changes in the women after abdominal hysterectomy to whom pregabalin is used as preemptive analgesia. Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, 2016;2(2): 98-102
Genomewide variation provides insight into evolutionary relationships in a monkeyflower species complex (Mimulus sect. Diplacus)
Authors: Chase Madeline A. , Stankowski Sean , Streisfeld Matthew A. 
Published: October 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Evolutionary radiations provide excellent opportunities to study the origins of biodiversity, but rapid divergence and ongoing gene flow make inferring evolutionary relationships among taxa difficult. Consequently, combining morphological and genomic analyses will be necessary to clarify the evolutionary history of radiations. We used an integrative approach to shed light on relationships within a diverse radiation of monkeyflowers (Mimulus section Diplacus) with a controversial taxonomic history.METHODS:We used genomewide single nucleotide polymorphism data and a combination of phylogenetic and population genomic analyses to infer the evolutionary relationships within the group. Tests for hybridization were performed to reveal sources of shared variation, and multivariate analyses of floral trait data were conducted to examine the correspondence between phenotypic and phylogenetic data.KEY RESULTS:We identified four primary clades with evidence for some shared variation among them. We also detected evidence for recent gene flow between closely related subclades and populations. Strong discordance between floral trait and molecular data provides evidence for divergent and convergent phenotypic evolution.CONCLUSIONS:Mimulus section Diplacus has all the hallmarks of a rapid radiation, including diverse taxa that are at different stages of divergence, extensive shared variation among taxa, and complex patterns of phenotypic evolution. Our findings will direct future evolutionary research and have important taxonomic implications that highlight the need for a new revision of section Diplacus.
The evolution and diversification of the red oaks of the California Floristic Province (Quercus section Lobatae, series Agrifoliae)
Authors: Hauser Duncan A. , Keuter Al , McVay John D. , Hipp Andrew L. , Manos Paul S. 
Published: October 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The California Floristic Province (CA‐FP) is a unique and diverse region of floral endemism, yet the timing and nature of divergence and diversification of many lineages remain underexplored. We seek to elucidate the evolutionary history of the red oaks of the CA‐FP, the Agrifoliae.METHODS:We collected PstI‐associated RAD‐seq data as well as morphometrics from individuals of the four species across their ranges, including varieties and hybrids. Phylogeny and divergence times were estimated. We analyzed morphological differentiation in over 70 plants using PCA and assessed species delimitation and admixture using genotype clustering analysis in over 40 plants.KEY RESULTS:We find that the Agrifoliae are monophyletic and sister to all other red oak species. Within the Agrifoliae, all species are supported, with Quercus kelloggii sister to a clade of subevergreen taxa: (Quercus agrifolia – (Q. parvula + Q. wislizeni)). Molecular and morphometric analyses are equivocal for named varieties. Notably, Q. parvula var. tamalpaisensis appears to be part of a hybrid swarm between Q. parvula and Q. wislizeni. Dating estimates were concordant with previous hypotheses and geological evidence, with diversification occurring between 10 and 20 million years ago.CONCLUSIONS:The Agrifoliae represent a geographically discrete, early‐diverging red oak lineage that diversified during the period of drying and warming associated with Sierran uplift during the middle Miocene. Molecular differentiation within the clade supports the current taxonomy, including an east–west species level pattern (Q. parvula and Q. wislizeni) and north–south intraspecific patterns to some degree, although the latter require additional study.
Buried AGNs in Advanced Mergers: Mid-infrared Color Selection as a Dual AGN Candidate Finder
Authors: Satyapal Shobita , Secrest Nathan J. , Ricci Claudio , Ellison Sara L. , Rothberg Barry , Blecha Laura , Constantin Anca , Gliozzi Mario , McNulty Paul , Ferguson Jason 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A direct consequence of hierarchical galaxy formation is the existence of dual supermassive black holes, which may be preferentially triggered as active galactic nuclei (AGNs) during galaxy mergers. Despite decades of searching, however, dual AGNs are extremely rare, and most have been discovered serendipitously. Using the all-sky WISE survey, we identified a population of over 100 morphologically identified interacting galaxies or mergers that display red mid-infrared colors often associated in extragalactic sources with powerful AGNs. The vast majority of these advanced mergers are optically classified as star-forming galaxies, which suggests that they may represent an obscured population of AGNs that cannot be found through optical studies. In this work, we present Chandra/ACIS observations and near-infrared spectra with the Large Binocular Telescope of six advanced mergers with projected pair separations less than ∼10 kpc. The combined X-ray, near-infrared, and mid-infrared properties of these mergers provide confirmation that four out of the six mergers host at least one AGN, with four of the mergers possibly hosting dual AGNs with projected separations less than ∼10 kpc, despite showing no firm evidence for AGNs based on optical spectroscopic studies. Our results demonstrate that (1) optical studies miss a significant fraction of single and dual AGNs in advanced mergers, and (2) mid-infrared pre-selection is extremely effective in identifying dual AGN candidates in late-stage mergers. Our multi-wavelength observations suggest that the buried AGNs in these mergers are highly absorbed, with intrinsic column densities in excess of

cm−2, consistent with hydrodynamic simulations.
Maximum Likelihood Compton Polarimetry with the Compton Spectrometer and Imager
Authors: Lowell A. W. , Boggs S. E , Chiu C. L. , Kierans C. A. , Sleator C. , Tomsick J. A. , Zoglauer A. C. , Chang H.-K. , Tseng C.-H. , Yang C.-Y. , Jean P. , Ballmoos P. von , Lin C.-H. , Amman M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Astrophysical polarization measurements in the soft gamma-ray band are becoming more feasible as detectors with high position and energy resolution are deployed. Previous work has shown that the minimum detectable polarization (MDP) of an ideal Compton polarimeter can be improved by ∼21% when an unbinned, maximum likelihood method (MLM) is used instead of the standard approach of fitting a sinusoid to a histogram of azimuthal scattering angles. Here we outline a procedure for implementing this maximum likelihood approach for real, nonideal polarimeters. As an example, we use the recent observation of GRB 160530A with the Compton Spectrometer and Imager. We find that the MDP for this observation is reduced by 20% when the MLM is used instead of the standard method.
Fe i Oscillator Strengths for Transitions from High-lying Odd-parity Levels
Authors: Belmonte M. T. , Pickering J. C. , Ruffoni M. P. , Hartog E. A. Den , Lawler J. E. , Guzman A. , Heiter U. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We report new experimental Fe i oscillator strengths obtained by combining measurements of branching fractions measured with a Fourier Transform spectrometer and time-resolved, laser-induced fluorescence lifetimes. This study covers the spectral region ranging from 213 to 1033 nm. A total of 120 experimental

-values coming from 15 odd-parity energy levels are provided, 22 of which have not been reported previously and 63 of which have values with lower uncertainty than the existing data. The radiative lifetimes for 60 upper energy levels are presented, 39 of which have no previous measurements.
The Formation and Physical Origin of Highly Ionized Cooling Gas
Authors: Bordoloi Rongmon , Wagner Alexander Y. , Heckman Timothy M. , Norman Colin A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We present a simple model that explains the origin of warm, diffuse gas seen primarily as highly ionized absorption-line systems in the spectra of background sources. We predict the observed column densities of several highly ionized transitions such as O vi, O vii, Ne viii, N v, and Mg x, and we present a unified comparison of the model predictions with absorption lines seen in the Milky Way disk, Milky Way halo, starburst galaxies, the circumgalactic medium, and the intergalactic medium at low and high redshifts. We show that diffuse gas seen in such diverse environments can be simultaneously explained by a simple model of radiatively cooling gas. We show that most such absorption-line systems are consistent with being collisionally ionized, and we estimate the maximum-likelihood temperature of the gas in each observation. This model satisfactorily explains why O vi is regularly observed around star-forming low-z L* galaxies, and why N v is rarely seen around the same galaxies. We further present some consequences of this model in quantifying the dynamics of the cooling gas around galaxies and predict the shock velocities associated with such flows. A unique strength of this model is that while it has only one free (but physically well-constrained) parameter, it nevertheless successfully reproduces the available data on O vi absorbers in the interstellar, circumgalactic, intragroup, and intergalactic media, as well as the available data on other absorption lines from highly ionized species.
A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B-mode Polarization Power Spectrum at Subdegree Scales from Two Years of polarbear Data
Authors:   The POLARBEAR Collaboration, Ade P. A. R. , Aguilar M. , Akiba Y. , Arnold K. , Baccigalupi C. , Barron D. , Beck D. , Bianchini F. , Boettger D. , Borrill J. , Chapman S. , Chinone Y. , Crowley K. , Cukierman A. , Dünner R. , Dobbs M. , Ducout A. , Elleflot T. , Errard J. , Fabbian G. , Feeney S. M. , Feng C. , Fujino T. , Galitzki N. , Gilbert A. , Goeckner-Wald N. , Groh J. C. , Hall G. , Halverson N. , Hamada T. , Hasegawa M. , Hazumi M. , Hill C. A. , Howe L. , Inoue Y. , Jaehnig G. , Jaffe A. H. , Jeong O. , Kaneko D. , Katayama N. , Keating B. , Keskitalo R. , Kisner T. , Krachmalnicoff N. , Kusaka A. , Jeune M. Le , Lee A. T. , Leitch E. M. , Leon D. , Linder E. , Lowry L. , Matsuda F. , Matsumura T. , Minami Y. , Montgomery J. , Navaroli M. , Nishino H. , Paar H. , Peloton J. , Pham A. T. P. , Poletti D. , Puglisi G. , Reichardt C. L. , Richards P. L. , Ross C. , Segawa Y. , Sherwin B. D. , Silva-Feaver M. , Siritanasak P. , Stebor N. , Stompor R. , Suzuki A. , Tajima O. , Takakura S. , Takatori S. , Tanabe D. , Teply G. P. , Tomaru T. , Tucker C. , Whitehorn N. , Zahn A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We report an improved measurement of the cosmic microwave background B-mode polarization power spectrum with the Polarbear experiment at 150 GHz. By adding new data collected during the second season of observations (2013–2014) to re-analyzed data from the first season (2012–2013), we have reduced twofold the band-power uncertainties. The band powers are reported over angular multipoles

, where the dominant B-mode signal is expected to be due to the gravitational lensing of E-modes. We reject the null hypothesis of no B-mode polarization at a confidence of 3.1σ including both statistical and systematic uncertainties. We test the consistency of the measured B-modes with the Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) framework by fitting for a single lensing amplitude parameter A

L
relative to the Planck 2015 best-fit model prediction. We obtain

± 0.14(foreground) ± 0.04(multi), where

is the fiducial ΛCDM value.
Stellar Flares Observed in Long-cadence Data from the Kepler Mission
Authors: Doorsselaere Tom Van , Shariati Hoda , Debosscher Jonas 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We aim to perform a statistical study of stellar flares observed by Kepler. We want to study the flare amplitude, duration, energy, and occurrence rates, and how they are related to the spectral type and rotation period. To that end, we have developed an automated flare detection and characterization algorithm. We have harvested the stellar parameters from the Kepler input catalog and the rotation periods from McQuillan et al. We find several new candidate A stars showing flaring activity. Moreover, we find 653 giants with flares. From the statistical distribution of flare properties, we find that the flare amplitude distribution has a similar behavior between F+G types and K+M types. The flare duration and flare energy seem to be grouped between G+K+M types versus F types and giants. We also detect a tail of stars with high flare occurrence rates across all spectral types (but most prominent in the late spectral types), and this is compatible with the existence of “flare stars.” Finally, we have found a strong correlation of the flare occurrence rate and the flare amplitude with the stellar rotation period: a quickly rotating star is more likely to flare often and has a higher chance of generating large flares.
Chapitre 2. Precautionary principle and civil law
Authors: Byk Christian 
Published: October 2017

Le principe de précaution trouve son origine dans le droit international mais il a rapidement investi le droit national et élargi son champ d’application de l’environnement aux problèmes de santé, comme le montre la crise de la santé qui s’est produite en France depuis les années 80. Quelle place fait-il au droit civil ? La réalité d’un certain « dialogue » entre principe de précaution et droit civil est un déni pour ceux qui y ont vu le mariage de l’eau et du feu car, de fait, le droit civil utilise le concept de précaution en tenant compte de la question de la responsabilité parce que la précaution est devenue un élément d’évaluation des conditions de responsabilité et de ses effets.