bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics and Fate of Beneficial Mutations Under Lineage Contamination by Linked Deleterious Mutations
Authors: Pénisson Sophie , Singh Tanya , Sniegowski Paul , Gerrish Philip 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Beneficial mutations drive adaptive evolution, yet their selective advantage does not ensure their fixation. Haldane’s application of single-type branching process theory showed that genetic drift alone could cause the extinction of newly arising beneficial mutations with high probability. With linkage, deleterious mutations will affect the dynamics of beneficial mutations and might further increase their extinction probability. Here, we model the lineage dynamics of a newly arising beneficial mutation as a multitype branching process. Our approach accounts for the combined effects of drift and the stochastic accumulation of linked deleterious mutations, which we call lineage contamination. We first study the lineage-contamination phenomenon in isolation, deriving dynamics and survival probabilities (the complement of extinction probabilities) of beneficial lineages. We find that survival probability is zero when U≳sb, where U is deleterious mutation rate and sb is the selective advantage of the beneficial mutation in question, and is otherwise depressed below classical predictions by a factor bounded from below by ∼1−U/sb. We then put the lineage contamination phenomenon into the context of an evolving population by incorporating the effects of background selection. We find that, under the combined effects of lineage contamination and background selection, ensemble survival probability is never zero but is depressed below classical predictions by a factor bounded from below by e−εU/s¯b, where s¯b is mean selective advantage of beneficial mutations, and ε=1−e−1≈0.63. This factor, and other bounds derived from it, are independent of the fitness effects of deleterious mutations. At high enough mutation rates, lineage contamination can depress fixation probabilities to values that approach zero. This fact suggests that high mutation rates can, perhaps paradoxically, (1) alleviate competition among beneficial mutations, or (2) potentially even shut down the adaptive process. We derive critical mutation rates above which these two events become likely.
Use of the ROSE risk score for predicting mortality and cardiovascular events in adult patients at 7 and 30 days of syncope
Authors: Paz-Meneses Manuel Agustín , Mora-Pabón Guillermo 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: The use of the ROSE risk score after syncope provides the possibility of identifying patients at risk of death or other important adverse events after 30 days of admission to the emergency department.Objective: To evaluate the performance of ROSE score in terms of mortality prediction and major adverse events at 7 and 30 days in adult patients with syncope admitted to the emergency department.Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study in patients with syncope who were admitted to the emergency room was performed. An operational analysis of the predictive ability for detection of possible complications was done by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and ROC curves.Results: 60 patients were evaluated. An area under the curve for prediction of mortality or major outcome at 7 and 30 days of 0.62 (95%CI: 0.45-0.78) was obtained, with sensitivity of 60%, specificity of 18.18%, PPV of 6.25% and NPV of 83%.Conclusion: ROSE score showed low sensitivity for predicting mortality or serious outcomes at 7 and 30 days. Its high negative predictive value makes it a useful prognostic tool in low risk patients.
Functional assessment of muscle response in lower limbs of tumbling gymnasts through tensiomyography
Authors: Rojas-Barrionuevo Nicolás , Vernetta-Santana Mercedes , López-Bedoya Jesús 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Jumping capacity, a distinctive technical skill of tumbling gymnasts, is associated to a successful performance in training and competition; hence the need for an individualized, precise and localized assessment of the most demanded muscle structures.Objective: To assess muscle response of the flexo-extension structure in the knee joint and the extension of the ankle joint in a sample of 12 high-performance male gymnasts.Materials and methods: An acrobatic training protocol including sets of forward somersault in tumbling track was conducted. The contraction time, delay time and deformation of muscle belly were evaluated, and the muscular response speed was calculated using tensiomyography before and after the training intervention in different periods of time.Results: Significant differences were found (p<0.05) according to the muscle group involved, where rectus femoris and biceps femoris presented greater enhancement and shortening of the contraction and delay time. Major differences appeared between agonist-antagonist muscles (vastus lateralis-biceps femoris) (p<0.05) due to a decrease in the contraction and delay speed in vastus medialis (p<0.001).Conclusions: Tensiomyography allows estimating the states of activation-enhancing of the musculature responsible of jumping in tumblers, as well as planning the training based on the state of muscle fatigue.
Nutritional condition and IGF-1 and IGFBP-2 serum concentrations in students aged 7 to 9 attending two educational institutions
Authors: Figueroa Jenifer Tatiana , Vera Sorany , Aranzález Luz Helena , Mockus Ismena 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Nutritional vulnerability is more evident during childhood, since malnutrition has an impact on academic performance and is linked to different diseases during this period. Likewise, an increase in the incidence and prevalence of obesity in children has been observed, therefore, researches that assess nutritional conditions of children attending schools may have high-impact results in terms of public health.Objective: To relate children’s nutritional condition by using anthropometry, with serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2).Materials and methods: A cross-sectional observational and comparative study was performed in children aged 7 to 9 attending two schools, one from the public sector and the other from the private sector. An anthropometric assessment was performed in 157 children, while IGF-1 and IGFBP (enzyme immunoassay) serum concentrations were measured in 81 children. Pearson’s coefficient, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Dunnet’s test and Games Howell’s test, with a 95% confidence interval and a p<0.05 statistical significance, were considered for performing the statistical analysis.Results: Overweight and obesity were found in 46 subjects; the prevalence of obesity was higher in boys, while overweight prevalence was higher in girls. A direct relation between IGF-1 and height (p<0,05) was observed, while an inverse relation between IGFBP-2 and BMI (p<0,001) was found.Conclusions: IGF-1 serum concentrations were higher in students attending the public school.
Effects of high-intensity interval training on the anthropometric profile of overweight and obese adult women
Authors: Rivera-Torres Ingrid , Delgado-Floody Pedro Antonio 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Sedentary lifestyle, overweight and obesity in adult women have high prevalence.Objective: To determine the effects of a high intensity interval training program on the anthropometric profile of overweight or obese women.Materials and methods: 24 adult women, including 16 with overweight and 8 with obesity, between 26 and 49 years of age, were selected to participate in a two month high intensity training program (three sessions per week). Weight, height, BMI, muscle mass percentage, and fat mass and visceral fat percentages were assessed.Results: The adherent group (≥75% assistance) was composed by 16 participants, while the non-adherent group (assistance <75%), by 8 participants. No significant differences were found among both groups previous to and after the intervention (p≥0.05).The non-adherent group did not show any significant change, while the adherent group improved (p<0.05) their variables of weight (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), fat mass percentage (p<0.001), muscle mass percentage (p<0.001) and visceral fat percentage (p=0.020) after the intervention.Conclusions: The training program improved the anthropometric profile of the participants without requiring specialized equipment or involving high costs, thus, this procedure is recommended for the treatment of malnutrition by excess in this type of population.
Conocimiento del virus del papiloma humano y su vacuna por parte de mujeres de una zona rural de Querétaro, México
Authors: Medina Fernández Isai Arturo , Gallegos-Torres Ruth Magdalena , Cervera-Baas María Eugenia , Cob-Tejeda Rudy Antonio , Jiménez-Laces Jenny , Ibarra-Escobedo Omar 
Published: January 2017

Introducción: El virus del papiloma humano (VPH) tiene una alta prevalencia en mujeres jóvenes, por lo que considera un problema de salud pública. Al respecto, en el año 2011, México ocupó el decimonoveno lugar de las enfermedades transmisibles y más del 90% de casos de cáncer cérvicouterino están ligados a esa enfermedad. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el nivel de conocimientos sobre el VPH, la vacuna y las conductas de riesgo de mujeres adultas jóvenes de una comunidad rural de San Juan del Río, Querétaro, México.Metodología: El estudio fue transversal, descriptivo, el muestreo fue por conveniencia en mujeres de 20 a 40 años. Se aplicó el instrumento “el VPH y su salud” con un Alfa de Cronbach de 0.79, dividido en datos sociodemográficos, conocimientos de VPH y vacuna, aspectos de salud y fuentes de información. Se encuestó a 45 personas, con una edad de x=27.8 y s=5.9 años.Resultados: El conocimiento de las mujeres respecto del VPH corresponde a un 22% (bueno); 20%, regular; 17.78%, deficiente y 40%, muy deficiente. En cuanto a la vacuna, un 2.2% evidenció excelente conocimiento, mientras que el de un 53.3% fue muy deficiente. En relación con las conductas de riesgo, están en un rango de medio y bajo (46.7%) y alto (2.2%) (inicio temprano de vida sexual, drogas).Conclusión: Es necesario mejorar los conocimientos del VPH para que la población evite el desarrollo del cáncer cérvico-uterino por el virus; además se requiere explicar a las mujeres la inmunización contra el VPH, así como el funcionamiento y la importancia de la administración de la vacuna a niñas.
Efectividad del masaje en el área abdominal para la reducción de los cólicos del lactante
Authors: Castillo Ramírez Marisol , Vargas Durán Katy 
Published: January 2017

Introducción. El cólico del lactante es una afección benigna que pueden experimentar los menores de seis meses; no obstante, aunque no pone en peligro su vida, puede convertirse en una experiencia traumática para los padres y la familia, además de resultar muy molesto para el mismo lactante.Método. Para el desarrollo de este trabajo se utilizó la metodología investigativa de práctica de enfermería basada en la evidencia (PEBE), se planteó una pregunta clínica y se realizó búsquedas electrónicas en MEDLINE, SIBDI, Google académico, PubMed, Cochrane Library Plus. Después de establecer los criterios de inclusión y exclusión y análisis crítico, se seleccionó cuatro documentos que respondieran a la pregunta clínica.Resultados. Ningún estudio respondió directamente a la pregunta, sin embargo, varias investigaciones confirman que el masaje reduce las horas de llanto, influye en el estado de ánimo del lactante y promueve un cambio de actitud de los padres ante los eventos benignos de los cólicos del lactante.Conclusión. El cólico del lactante es uno de los principales problemas que enfrentan los padres y los lactantes sanos menores de seis meses, por lo que es una consulta para los profesionales de salud que los atienden. No existe base científica de que el masaje abdominal modifique en algún aspecto orgánico el tracto digestivo, pero sí existe evidencia de cambios en el comportamiento de los lactantes, reducción de las horas de llanto y mejoramiento de las horas de sueño, además mejora la actitud de los padres ante las molestias que los lactantes pueden experimentar durante los periodos de cólicos.
MICROBIAL TRANSGLUTAMINASE OF INDONESIAN Streptomyces sp. : Screening and Production in several media
Authors: Fawzya Yusro Nuri 
Published: January 2017

Transglutaminase (TGase) which catalyzes the formation of inter and intra molecular ε-(λ-glutamyl)lysine (GL) crosslinks, plays an important role in surimi production. The surimi-based products as well as processed minced fish products are being popular in Indonesia which is produced from various type of fish. These products usually require good gel strength which commonly be produced from fresh demersal fish. Since the endogenous fish TGase reduces quickly after catching and is almost completely destroyed by freezing, the exogenous TGase may be apply to improve the gel forming ability of fish. Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase) can thus be used to increase the gel properties. In this research, a total of 178 Streptomyces strains from various environment were screened and selected based on their ability to produce MTGase. Strain TTA 02 SDS 14 was then selected to further study. In order to optimize the MTGase activity, the enzyme was produced in six formulas media referring to six different publications, designated as media A; B; C; D ; E and F. The result showed that the highest MTGase activity was produced from medium B containing of pepton 1,5%; MgSO4.7H20 0,1%; KH2PO4 0,5%; Na2HPO4 0,5%; soybean powder 2%, potato starch 2% and glucose 1,5%. The MTGase activity reached the highest in the incubation time of 4 days, with the activity of 1.45 U/mL.
Comparison of light emitting diode and compact fluorescent lamp phototherapy in treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: M.K. Maharoof , Khan Shamshad Ahmed , Saldanha Prakash Robert , Mohamed Reshad 
Published: January 2017

Background: High levels of total serum bilirubin can cause life threatening complications in neonates requiring management either with phototherapy or exchange blood transfusion. Most commonly used modality of phototherapy is with blue light. There are many bulbs like fluorescent tubes, halogen spotlights etc. Due to disadvantages of the available bulbs, newer method like light-emitting diodes (LEDs) has been investigated as possible alternatives as they produce low heat, has a longer life span with lower energy consumption and rapid reduction of serum bilirubin level. The aim was to compare the efficacy between phototherapy equipped with light emitting diode (LED) to compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia among neonates.Methods: A hospital-based intervention study was conducted among 50 neonates born in the hospital during the study period, with gestational age more than equal to 35 weeks, being breastfed and healthy in a private medical college teaching hospital in Dakshina Kannada district from August to September 2016. Following ethical committee clearance the neonates looking icteric by clinical examination were randomly allocated to receive CFL or LED phototherapy. Baseline, 24 hour total serum bilirubin and rectal temperature was measured. Results: A total of 50 neonates were randomly allocated into two groups with almost similar characteristics between the two groups with respect to gender, type of delivery and gestational age. The mean bilirubin values (in mg/dl) among neonates in the CFL group and LED group were 14.8 and 15.6 respectively and post 24 hour values were 11.54 and 10.68 respectively. The mean difference in the reduction in the bilirubin values before and after receiving phototherapy between the two groups were significant (p <0.001). The increase in temperature was lesser among LED treatment group.Conclusions: LED therapy is better than the CFL therapy in terms of mean reduction in the total serum bilirubin after a fixed duration of time and lesser raise in temperature among the neonates.
ESENSI DAKWAH WAYANG KULIT BANJARDALANG IDERUS (Studi Transkripsi Pementasan Tahun 2009 di Martapura)
Authors: Maknun Moch Lukluil 
Published: January 2017

<p><em>Tulisan ini merupakan hasil analisis teks transkripsi pementasan wayang kulit Banjar Dalang Iderus. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode semiotik didapatkan hasil bahwa wayang kulit Dalang Iderus dapat mewakili eksistensi wayang kulit dakwah yang ada di Banjar. Beberapa nilai dakwah yang dapat diambil dari transkripsi wayang tersebut di antaranya adalah penjelasan tentang pentingnya ucapan salam, pentingnya meluruskan niat dalam menuntut ilmu, pengetahuan tentang bismillah, sikap antara anak terhadap orang tua, dan sikap antara pejabat dengan rakyat biasa. Aspek dakwah yang tidak langsung berupa ucapan, tetapi dapat diamati secara visual (dalam video rekaman wayang) juga banyak ditemukan, misalnya saat membicarakan hal yang tabu yang tidak pantas untuk didengar pihak ketiga, hendaknya dibicarakan di ruangan yang berbeda.</em></p><p><strong><em>Kata kunci: </em></strong><em>Wayang kulit, Banjar, Semiotik, Dalang Iderus</em></p>
FIKIH KONTEMPORER BAHASA LOKAL (Studi Kitab al-Hikmah Karya KH. Ahmad Syakir Lasem)
Authors: Khalim Samidi 
Published: January 2017

<p><em>Artike</em><em>l ini merupakan ringkasan hasil penelitian terhadap pemikiran KH. Ahmad Syakir dari Lasem Kabupaten Rembang. Salah satu buah pemikiran beliau adalah Kitab al-Hikmah yang menggunakan aksara Pegon dan bahasa Jawa Krama Madya. Penggunaan aksara dan bahasa tersebut menunjukkan nilai lokalitas ulama Jawa dalam mendakwahkan ajaran Islam sesuai dengan masyarakat yang dihadapinya. Selain itu, kitab tersebut disusun berdasarkan permintaan umat, masyarakat sekitar (Lasem-Rembang) yang masih tergolong awam tentang hukum Islam, khususnya masalah taharah (bersuci). Oleh sebab itu, dalam kitab tersebut contoh-contoh yang diberikan adalah masalah sehari-hari yang dihadapi masyarakat Lasem dan sekitarnya. Pendekatan sejarah digunakan untuk mengungkap biografi penulis kitab dan latar sosial budayanya, sedangkan untuk menganalisis data penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis. Adapun hasil dari penelitian tersebut menunjukkan pemikiran ulama Jawa yang sudah maju. Beberapa persoalan hukum Islam yang berkaitan dengan ilmu kedokteran atau medis modern dibahas dalam Kitab al-Hikmah. Pembahasan mengenai tahi lalat buatan (seperti tato), menggunakan rambut palsu (terbuat dari rambut manusia, binatang, atau sintetis), transfusi darah, alkohol dengan berbagai macam jenis dan hukumnya, bank ASI (air susu ibu), semua dibahas berdasarkan kaidah fikih dan pertimbangan-pertimbangan medis bagi masyarakat modern sekarang ini.</em></p><p><strong><em>Kat</em></strong><strong><em>a kunci: </em></strong><em>Kita</em><em>b al-Hikmah, lokalitas, kontemporer, fikih</em></p>
Pengaruh Iklim Organisasi dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Kepala Madrasah Aliyah Negeri di Eks Karesidenan Surakarta
Authors: Wahab Wahab 
Published: January 2017

<p>The research aims to identificate the percentage of Work Organization and Motivation Atmosphere influence to Principals of Madrasah Aliyah Performance.The method of the research is corelational survei. The population consist of Madrasah Aliyah teachers in Surakarta Regions. Samples were taken from 152 teachers by cluster stratified proportional random sampling. The methods of collecting the data were quistionering, descriptive analysis, simple and double regress. This result of the research show that: (1) average performance of the principals of Madrasah was in good classification on their main job and function; (2) Madrasah organization atmosphere was significantly influenced to principals of Madrasah performance, the percentage of Madrasah organization influence to Principals of Madrasah performance was 71,30%; (3) work motivation significantly influenced to principals of Madrasah performance, the percentage of work motivation influence to principals of Madrasah performance was 73,80%; (4) both of Madrasah organization atmosphere and work motivation are significantly influenced to principals of Madrasah performance, the percentage of Madrasah organization atmosphere and work motivation influence to principals of Madrasah performance was 78,70%, and (5) work motivation variable was the strongest contribution to influenced principals of Madrasah performance with 51,60% contribution. Based on the result of this research, it is suggested that: (1) principals of Madrasah places appropriate persons by their skills, created good condition by respect and help each others, giving acknowledgment and appreciation to achieved persons; (2) the side who responsible in establishment to principals of Madrasah were established safety in work place, giving compensation to achieved persons, creating comfort in Madrasah area, taking promotion to achieved principals of Madrasah, and (3) supervisors of Madrasah principals should push Madrasah principals to always build good relationship and partnership with people in Madrasah and stakeholders. </p>
Produção da diversidade: identidades e imigração
Authors: Ennes Marcelo Alario 
Published: January 2017

O objetivo geral desse artigo consiste em analisar a dinâmica identitária no que diz respeito às mudanças no sentido da diversidade cultural em três con- textos diferentes: a passagem do século XIX para o XX, o período compre- endido entre o final da Segunda Guerra Mundial e o fim da Guerra Fria e a passagem do século XX para o XXI. Centrei a análise em torno da questão imigratória e de sua capacidade de produzir o estranhamento e a alteridade. Procurei sistematizar parte de minhas reflexões que resultaram das leituras sobre assimilação, diversidade, multiculturalismo e interculturalismo. Parto de uma hipótese segundo a qual a origem das mudanças a respeito do enten- dimento da diversidade está, sobretudo, relacionada às transformações obser- vadas na correlação de forças e na distribuição de poder entre atores sociais. O artigo demonstra que a ideia de diversidade variou nos três períodos deli- mitados pelo estudo. Primeiro, a construção da diferença como desigualdade; segundo, a diferença como direito e, por fim, como expressão de formas mais ambivalentes nas quais concepções essencializadas e despolitizadas da diver- sidade convivem com a ampliação de noções e práticas de direitos.
O Almanaque, a locomotiva da cidade moderna: Campinas, décadas de 1870 e 1880
Authors: Koyama Adriana Carvalho 
Published: January 2017

Resenha sobre o trabalho de doutoramento de Maria Carolina Bovério Galzerani, cujo objeto são os almanaques produzidos em Campinas, entre as décadas de setenta e oitenta do século XIX. Nessa obra, Galzerani nos convida a refletir sobre o engendramento das práticas culturais e das sensibilidades modernas, ditas civilizadas, republicanas, na forma como se expressam e se constroem na cidade de Campinas, nas décadas que precederam a proclamação da república. A autora foi professora da Faculdade de Educação da Unicamp entre 1986 e 2015. Pesquisadora do acervo do CMU nas décadas de oitenta e noventa do século XX, foi orientanda do professor José Roberto do Amaral Lapa em seus estudos de pós-graduação em História Social, realizados entre 1992 e 1998, no IFCH-Unicamp. Iniciado como dissertação de mestrado, esse trabalho foi defendido como tese de doutorado, pela originalidade e singularidade de sua contribuição acadêmica. O Centro de Memória-Unicamp está, no momento em que escrevo, preparando sua publicação.