bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric impact of cylinder size in high‐dose rate vaginal cuff brachytherapy (VCBT) for primary endometrial cancer
Authors: Zhang Hualin , Gopalakrishnan Mahesh , Lee Plato , Kang Zhuang , Sathiaseelan Vythialingam 
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric impact of cylinder size in high‐dose‐rate (HDR) vaginal cuff brachytherapy (VCBT). Sample plans of HDR VCBT in a list of cylinders ranging from 2.5 to 4 cm in diameter at 0.5 cm increment were created and analyzed. The doses were prescribed either at the 0.5 cm depth with 5.5 Gy for 4 fractions or at the cylinder surface with 8.8 Gy for 4 fractions, in various treatment lengths. A 0.5 cm shell volume called PTV_Eval was contoured for each plan and served as the target volume for dosimetric evaluation. The cumulative and differential dose volume histograms (c‐DVH and d‐DVH), mean doses (D‐mean) and the doses covering 90% (D90), 10% (D10), and 5% (D5) of PTV_Eval were calculated. In the 0.5 cm depth regimen, the DVH curves were found to have shifted toward the lower dose zone when a larger cylinder was used, but in the surface regimen the DVH curves shifted toward the higher dose zone as the cylinder size increased. The D‐means of the both regimens were between 6.9 and 7.8 Gy and dependent on the cylinder size but independent of the treatment length. A 0.5 cm variation of diameter could result in a 4% change of D‐mean. Average D90s were 5.7 (ranging from 5.6 to 5.8 Gy) and 6.1 Gy (from 5.7 to 6.4 Gy), respectively, for the 0.5 cm and surface regimens. Average D10 and D5 were 9.2 and 11 Gy, respectively, for the 0.5 cm depth regimen, and 8.9 and 9.7 Gy, respectively, for the surface regimen. D‐mean, D90, D10, and D5 for other prescription doses could be calculated from the lookup tables of this study. Results indicated that the cylinder size has moderate dosimetric impact, and that both regimens are comparable in dosimetric quality.PACS number(s): 87.61.‐c, 87.53.Jw, 87.19.xj
Clinical experience with planning, quality assurance, and delivery of burst‐mode modulated arc therapy
Authors: Kainz Kristofer , Prah Douglas , Ahunbay Ergun , Li X. Allen 
Published: February 2017

“Burst‐mode” modulated arc therapy (hereafter referred to as “mARC”) is a form of volumetric‐modulated arc therapy characterized by variable gantry rotation speed, static MLCs while the radiation beam is on, and MLC repositioning while the beam is off. We present our clinical experience with the planning techniques and plan quality assurance measurements of mARC delivery. Clinical mARC plans for five representative cases (prostate, low‐dose‐rate brain, brain with partial‐arc vertex fields, pancreas, and liver SBRT) were generated using a Monte Carlo–based treatment planning system. A conventional‐dose‐rate flat 6 MV and a high‐dose‐rate non‐flat 7 MV beam are available for planning and delivery. mARC plans for intact‐prostate cases can typically be created using one 360° arc, and treatment times per fraction seldom exceed 6 min using the flat beam; using the nonflat beam results in slightly higher MU per fraction, but also in delivery times less than 4 min and with reduced mean dose to distal organs at risk. mARC also has utility in low‐dose‐rate brain irradiation; mARC fields can be designed which deliver a uniform 20 cGy dose to the PTV in approximately 3‐minute intervals, making it a viable alternative to conventional 3D CRT. For brain cases using noncoplanar arcs, delivery time is approximately six min using the nonflat beam. For pancreas cases using the nonflat beam, two overlapping 360° arcs are required, and delivery times are approximately 10 min. For liver SBRT, the time to deliver 800 cGy per fraction is at least 12 min. Plan QA measurements indicate that the mARC delivery is consistent with the plan calculation for all cases. mARC has been incorporated into routine practice within our clinic; currently, on average approximately 15 patients per day are treated using mARC; and with the exception of LDR brain cases, all are treated using the nonflat beam.PACS number(s): 87.55.D‐, 87.55.K‐, 87.53.Ay. 87.56.N‐
Accuracy of one algorithm used to modify a planned DVH with data from actual dose delivery
Authors: Ma Tianjun , Podgorsak Matthew B. , Kumaraswamy Lalith K. 
Published: February 2017

Detection and accurate quantification of treatment delivery errors is important in radiation therapy. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of DVH based QA in quantifying delivery errors. Eighteen previously treated VMAT plans (prostate, H&N, and brain) were randomly chosen for this study. Conventional IMRT delivery QA was done with the ArcCHECK diode detector for error‐free plans and plans with the following modifications: 1) induced monitor unit differences up to ) control point deletion (3, 5, and 8 control points were deleted for each arc), and 3) gantry angle shift (2° uniform shift clockwise and counterclockwise). 2D and 3D distance‐to‐agreement (DTA) analyses were performed for all plans with SNC Patient software and 3DVH software, respectively. Subsequently, accuracy of the reconstructed DVH curves and DVH parameters in 3DVH software were analyzed for all selected cases using the plans in the Eclipse treatment planning system as standard. 3D DTA analysis for error‐induced plans generally gave high pass rates, whereas the 2D evaluation seemed to be more sensitive to detecting delivery errors. The average differences for DVH parameters between each pair of Eclipse recalculation and 3DVH prediction were within 2% for all three types of error‐induced treatment plans. This illustrates that 3DVH accurately quantifies delivery errors in terms of actual dose delivered to the patients. 2D DTA analysis should be routinely used for clinical evaluation. Any concerns or dose discrepancies should be further analyzed through DVH‐based QA for clinically relevant results and confirmation of a conventional passing‐rate‐based QA.PACS number(s): 87.56.Fc, 87.55.Qr, 87.55.dk, 87.55.km
A survey on table tolerances and couch overrides in radiotherapy
Authors: Chinsky Bonnie , Patel Rakesh , Panfil Joshua , Surucu Murat , Roeske John C. 
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to survey current departmental policies on treatment couch overrides and the values of table tolerances used clinically. A 25‐question electronic survey on couch overrides and tolerances was sent to full members of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). The first part of the survey asked participants if table overrides were allowed at their institution, who was allowed to perform these overrides, and if imaging was required with overrides. The second part of the survey asked individuals to provide table tolerance data for the following treatment sites: brain/head and neck (H&N), lung, breast, abdomen/pelvis and prostate. Each site was further divided into IMRT/VMAT and 3D conformal techniques. Spaces for free‐text were provided, allowing respondents to enter any table tolerance data they were unable to specify under the treatment sites listed. A total of 361 individuals responded, of which approximately half participated in the couch tolerances portion of the survey. Overall, 86% of respondents’ institutions allow couch tolerance overrides at treatment. Therapists were the most common staff members permitted to perform overrides, followed by physicists, dosimetrists, and physicians, respectively. Of the institutions allowing overrides, 34% reported overriding daily. More than half of the centers document the override and/or require a setup image to radiographically verify the treatment site. With respect to table tolerances, SRS/SBRT table tolerances were the tightest, while clinical setup table tolerances were the largest. There were minimal statistically significant differences between IMRT/VMAT and 3D conformal table tolerances. Our results demonstrated that table overrides are relatively common in radiotherapy despite being a potential safety concern. Institutions should review their override policy and table tolerance values in light of the practices of other institutions. Careful attention to these matters is crucial in ensuring the safe and accurate delivery of radiotherapy.PACS number(s): 87.55.N‐, 87.55.Qr, 87.55.T‐
The Two-Component System ChtRS Contributes to Chlorhexidine Tolerance in Enterococcus faecium
Authors: Guzmán Prieto Ana M. , Wijngaarden Jessica , Braat Johanna C. , Rogers Malbert R. C. , Majoor Eline , Brouwer Ellen C. , Zhang Xinglin , Bayjanov Jumamurat R. , Bonten Marc J. M. , Willems Rob J. L. , van Schaik Willem 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Enterococcus faecium
is one of the primary causes of nosocomial infections. Disinfectants are commonly used to prevent infections with multidrug-resistant
E. faecium
in hospitals. Worryingly,
E. faecium
strains that exhibit tolerance to disinfectants have already been described. We aimed to identify and characterize
E. faecium
genes that contribute to tolerance to the disinfectant chlorhexidine (CHX). We used a transposon mutant library, constructed in a multidrug-resistant
E. faecium
bloodstream isolate, to perform a genome-wide screen to identify genetic determinants involved in tolerance to CHX. We identified a putative two-component system (2CS), composed of a putative sensor histidine kinase (ChtS) and a cognate DNA-binding response regulator (ChtR), which contributed to CHX tolerance in
E. faecium
. Targeted
chtR
and
chtS
deletion mutants exhibited compromised growth in the presence of CHX. Growth of the
chtR
and
chtS
mutants was also affected in the presence of the antibiotic bacitracin. The CHX- and bacitracin-tolerant phenotype of
E. faecium
E1162 was linked to a unique, nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphism in
chtR
. Transmission electron microscopy showed that upon challenge with CHX, the Δ
chtR
and Δ
chtS
mutants failed to divide properly and formed long chains. Normal growth and cell morphology were restored when the mutations were complemented in
trans
. Morphological abnormalities were also observed upon exposure of the Δ
chtR
and Δ
chtS
mutants to bacitracin. The tolerance to both chlorhexidine and bacitracin provided by ChtRS in
E. faecium
highlights the overlap between responses to disinfectants and antibiotics and the potential for the development of cross-tolerance for these classes of antimicrobials.
Immunosuppression With Mycophenolate Mofetil Attenuates Hypertension in an Experimental Model of Autoimmune Disease
Authors: Taylor Erin B. , Ryan Michael J. 
Published: February 2017

Background

Systemic lupus erythematosus (
SLE
) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that predominantly affects women and is associated with prevalent hypertension, renal injury, and cardiovascular disease. Immune system dysfunction is recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension. We recently showed that preventing autoimmunity prevents the development of hypertension in an experimental model of
SLE
(female
NZBWF
1 mice). The present study tests the hypothesis that mycophenolate mofetil (
MMF
), an immunosuppressive therapy used clinically to treat
SLE
by depleting proliferating B and T lymphocytes, can improve blood pressure control.

Methods and Results

Female
SLE
and control (
NZW
/LacJ) mice were treated daily for 8 weeks with 60 mg/kg
MMF
. Circulating
CD
45R
+
B cells were lower in
MMF
‐treated
SLE
mice after 4 weeks of treatment, but neither
CD
4
+
nor
CD
8
+
T cells were reduced by
MMF
. Plasma anti–double‐stranded DNA IgG autoantibodies, a marker of
SLE
disease activity, were higher in
SLE
mice compared with controls and were lower in
SLE
mice after 8 weeks of
MMF
. Mean arterial pressure was elevated in
SLE
mice compared with controls and lower in
SLE
mice treated with
MMF
compared with vehicle‐treated
SLE
mice.
MMF
also reduced both renal injury (urinary albumin excretion and glomerulosclerosis) and the infiltration of
CD
45R
+
B cells and
CD
3
+
CD
4
+
T cells in kidneys from mice with
SLE
.

Conclusions

These data suggest that
MMF
selectively depleted
CD
45R
+
B cells and lowered subsequent autoantibody production, furthering the concept that autoantibodies mechanistically contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension.
Integrated geologic and geophysical interpretation of the Buraco da Velha copper deposit (Rondônia, Brazil): A basis for exploring in related environments
Authors: Abud Louro Vinicius Hector , Maria Mantovani Marta Silvia , Ribeiro Vanessa Biondo 
Published: February 2017

The Buraco da Velha copper deposit lies at the northern limit of the Parecis Basin in the Colorado Graben, Rondônia, Brazil. New geophysical data indicate the presence of a magnetic source below and to the north of the Buraco da Velha deposit, where it corresponds with high gamma-ray U, Th, and K counts. We have studied the source of the magnetic anomaly and delineated it through derivative transforms, Euler deconvolution, MaxiMin total magnetization direction analysis, staged inverse modeling, Th/K ratio, and radiometric ternary imaging. The magnetic anomaly is elongated in the east–west direction and measures [Formula: see text], and the top of the source is estimated to lie at depths mostly between 50 and 100 m. Based on the magnetic model, we indirectly estimate a Jurassic to Cretaceous age, which is compatible with the 180–80 Ma range dated for the copper mineralization. Gamma-ray data are consistent with the hydrothermal alteration in the sedimentary cover and with the presence of an intrusion in the subsurface. We suggest that the intrusion of the magnetic body generated the necessary thermal energy to mix an already oxidized brine and sulfide-bearing fluids at the border of the Parecis Basin, leading to copper deposition and providing a potential analog for similar environments of mineral deposits elsewhere, such as in the Kupferschiefer deposit (Poland) and the Zambia Copper Belt (Zambia).
Biocatalysis in continuous-flow mode: A case-study in the enzymatic kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols via acylation and deacylation reactions mediated by Novozym 435®
Authors: Thomas Juliana Christina , Burich Martha Daniela , Bandeira Pamela Taisline , Marques de Oliveira Alfredo Ricardo , Piovan Leandro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEnzymatic kinetic resolution reactions are a well-established way to achieve optically active compounds. When enzymatic reactions are combined to continuous-flow methodologies, other benefits are added, including reproducibility, optimized energy use, minimized waste generation, among others. In this context, we herein report a case study involving lipase-mediated transesterification by acylation and deacylation reactions of secondary alcohols/esters in batch and continuous-flow modes. Acylation reactions were performed with high values of enantiomeric excess (72 up to >99%) and enantioselectivity (E > 200) for both batch and continuous-flow modes. On the other hand, for deacylation reactions using n-butanol as nucleophile, enatiomeric excess ranged between 38 to >99% and E from 6 to >200 were observed for batch mode. For deacylation reactions in continuous-flow mode, results were disappointing, as in some cases, very low or no conversion was observed. Enantiomeric excess ranged from 16 to >99% and enantioselectivity from 5 to >200 were observed. In terms of productivity, continuous-flow mode reactions were superior in both strategies (acylation: r from 1.1 up to 18.1-fold higher, deacylation: 2.8 up to 7.4- fold higher in continuous-flow than in batch mode).
Diabetic ketoacidosis: a challenging diabetes phenotype
Authors: Small Cliona , Egan Aoife M , Elhadi El Muntasir , O’Reilly Michael W , Cunningham Aine , Finucane Francis M 
Published: February 2017

Summary
We describe three patients presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis secondary to ketosis prone type 2, rather than type 1 diabetes. All patients were treated according to a standard DKA protocol, but were subsequently able to come off insulin therapy while maintaining good glycaemic control. Ketosis-prone type 2 diabetes (KPD) presenting with DKA has not been described previously in Irish patients. The absence of islet autoimmunity and evidence of endogenous beta cell function after resolution of DKA are well-established markers of KPD, but are not readily available in the acute setting. Although not emphasised in any current guidelines, we have found that a strong family history of type 2 diabetes and the presence of cutaneous markers of insulin resistance are strongly suggestive of KPD. These could be emphasised in future clinical practice guidelines.

Learning points:

Even in white patients, DKA is not synonymous with type 1 diabetes and autoimmune beta cell failure. KPD needs to be considered in all patients presenting with DKA, even though it will not influence their initial treatment.

Aside from markers of endogenous beta cell function and islet autoimmunity, which in any case are unlikely to be immediately available to clinicians, consideration of family history of type 2 diabetes and cutaneous markers of insulin resistance might help to identify those with KPD and are more readily apparent in the acute setting, though not emphasised in guidelines.

Consideration of KPD should never alter the management of the acute severe metabolic derangement of DKA, and phasing out of insulin therapy requires frequent attendance and meticulous and cautious surveillance by a team of experienced diabetes care providers.
Pengaruh Penambahan Gula Kelapa Pasta pada Ensilase Ikan Rucah Terhadap Kualitas Silase
Authors: Rimbawanto Efka Aris , Yusiati Lies Mira , Baliarti Endang , Utomo Ristianto 
Published: February 2017

<p class="Default">The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of coconut sugar paste in naturally fermented trash fish ensilage on chemical change. Grinded trash fish (Pomadasys macullatus) was mixed with coconut sugar paste (0, 15, 30 and 45%/kg fresh trash fish) without inoculation in plastic bag. Anaerobe incubation was conducted at room temperature (29°±1°C). Chemical change (pH, lactic acid, ammonia, non-protein nitrogen, peroxide value and free fatty acid) was observed during fermentation period of 0, 4, 8, 12, 20 and 24 days. The experiment which had a completely randomized design to select the best amount of coconut sugar paste and fermentation period in trash fish ensilage. Fresh trash fish and fermentation product (trash fish silage) determined by the proximate analysis (dry matter, ash, crude protein and crude fat). Result indicated that the pH decreased remained constan at 4,4 after 16-day fermentation. Lactic acid, ammonia, non-protein nitrogen, peroxide value and free fatty acid during fermentation significantly increased due to different levels of coconut sugar paste and fe rmentation period. Conclusively, coconut sugar paste at the level of 15%/kg fresh trash fish was the best combination in natural fermentation with 16-day fermentation period and the product was potential protein source (45% DM) for animal feed.</p><p class="Default"> </p><p class="Default">Key word: Trash fish, coconut sugar paste, silage, fermentation.</p>
KONSEP QONA’AH DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KELUARGA SAKINAH MAWADDAH DAN RAHMAH
Authors: Noorhayati S Mahmudah 
Published: February 2017

<p>Tulisan ini menjelaskan konsepsi tentang pentingnya <em>qonaah</em> (nafsiologi) yang sungguh-sungguh terhadap apa yang diterima atau dimiliki dalam konsteks kehidupan rumahtangga, merupakan prioritas dominan untuk menjaga, menyeimbangkan dan merealisasikan suatu keluarga yang <em>sakinah</em>,<em>mawaddah</em> dan <em>rahmah</em> (samarah). Ditengah realitas masyarakat modern saat ini yang menggambarkan kecenderungan pola hidup konsumtif, hedonis, kompetitif dan teknologis secara berkesinambungan. Pola hidup tersebut berpotensi menyebabkan munculnya sikap atau perilaku berlebihan bagi setiap individu yang mengarah kepada sikap individualis, ataupun antipati sosial. Bahkan bisa menguatkan sifat kebencian, kesombongan, dendam dan sifat tercela lainnya. Melalui kajian pustaka dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif kualitatif, tulisan ini ingin menjawab pertanyaan tentang bagaimana konsep qonaah dalam mewujudkan sebuah keluarga samarah?. Jati diri seorang muslim atau muslimah saat ini dan mendatang terus diuji melalui perubahan-perubahan dalam semua aspek di lingkungan terdekatnya. Harapan dan impian setiap anggota keluarga dalam mendambakan kehidupan rumahtangga yang tentram, rukun, harmonis pada saatnya termanifestasikan dalam realitas interaksi sosial, bila keberadaan individu memiliki kematangan falsafah yang tampak melalui spiritual dan sosialnya secara berimbang.</p><p><strong>Kata kunci</strong>: qonaah, sakinah, mawaddah, rahmah, keluarga.</p><p> </p><p><em>THE QONAAH: A CONCEPT TO REALIZING SAKINAH MAWADAH WA</em><em> </em><em>RAHMAH FAMILY</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>This article is describe about the concept of the important of qonaah that they have received and belonged</em><em> wholeheartedlyy in the context of household, it is the dominant priority to keep, to balance and to realisize the family that has sakinah, mawaddah and rahmah (samarah). In the middle of modern era, the societies are tend to be consumtive, hedonis, competitive and thechnologic lifestyles as continuity. This lifestyle had influences for a negative effects such as an excessive attitudes and behaviours especially whose style was an indiviualistic or an anthipathy social. Moreover they would be strenghten the aversions, arrogants, grudges and another negative behaviors. This article is the review of literature that use an analysis of descriptive qualitative, it purpose is to answere the question of the qonaah concept to make a samarah family? This time the identity of a moslem are challenced by the changes of the whole aspects in their surroundings day and night. Some families have hope and dreams for the better life in their quite, peaceful and harmony household if the existence of individual has the mature philosophies are equally appeared both in spiritual and social that will be manifest in their social interaction.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key Words</em></strong><em>: qonaah, sakinah, mawaddah, rahmah, family.</em></p>
Sobre el peligro de una sola historia: análisis de las premisas del interaccionismo simbólico
Authors: Del Valle del Valle Estiven , Carvajal Monsalve Elizabeth , Orozco Castaño Laura Fernanda , Jurado Quinchía Sandra Milena , Madrid Ortega Yuly 
Published: February 2017

El siguiente ensayo está basado en cómo se reflejan los postulados del Interaccionismo Simbólico en el discurso de Chimamanda Adichie, que tituló “El peligro de una sola historia”, publicado por TED en octubre del 2009 y en el cual muestra la “falsedad de la primera impresión”, esto crea estereotipos, que son sesgos que impiden ver la realidad más allá de lo que la mayoría ve.
Investigative journalism in a socially networked world
Authors: Gearing Amanda 
Published: February 2017

This article explores how investigative journalists can join the network society by moving online, collaborating with other reporters and media outlets across regions and across national borders, yet publishing in newspapers which arguably remain the central stage of the public sphere (Carson, 2013). A better understanding of the potential of social media and web-based communications for undertaking journalistic investigations can lead to the adoption of a global perspective, enriching local, regional and national stories (Berglez, 2013). The research and collaboration for a transnational story published simultaneously in The Australian and collaboration in London in 2013 may provide insights into the potential for the use of social media platforms and web-based communications for finding stories, collaborating and following stories into the social media to find leads to follow-up stories. This article questions whether the synergies between mainstream media and social media platforms may yield potentially high impact stories for major masthead newspapers and thus contribute to their sustainability. Connectivity with news sources has always been an important resource for journalists. Online networks may have the potential to expand the range of voices that can be heard and the issues that can be covered.