bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Two Long-acting Treatments, The Paliperidone Palmitate 1-month and 3-month Formulations on Caregiver Burden in European patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Hargarter L. , Gopal S. , Xu H. , McQuarrie K. , Savitz A. , Nuamah I. , Woodruff K. , Mathews M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSchizophrenia puts a significant burden on caregivers.ObjectivesTo explore the effects of two long-acting treatments (LAT), paliperidone palmitate 1-month and 3-month formulations on caregiver burden (CGB) in European patients with schizophrenia using the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ)AimsTo conduct a subgroup analysis of two randomized, double-blind studies (NCT01515423 and NCT01529515).MethodsCaregivers (≥ 1 h of contact/week with the patients) were offered to complete the IEQ (31 items, each scoring: 0–4; total score: sum of 27 items [0–108]).ResultsAmong 756 European caregivers (53% parents, 18% spouse/partner or girl/boyfriend, 10% sister/brother), 60% reported a CGB of ≥ 32 hours/week at open-label baseline (BL-OL). CGB reduced significantly for patients with both BL-OL and at least one double-blind IEQ sum-score (n = 433): mean improvement [SD] (9.9 [12.66], P < 0.001) from BL-OL (mean [SD] 26.0 [13.30]) to study end (16.0 [10.47]); (reduction in burden associated with worrying [2.9 points] and urging [4.3 points]). CGB significantly improved in patients on prior oral antipsychotics post-switching to LAT with less leisure days impacted and less hours spent in caregiving (P < 0.001). There was significant relationship between improvements and relapse status, patient age (P < 0.001), age at diagnosis (P < 0.002), and number of prior psychiatric hospitalizations in the last 24 months (P < 0.05). Prior use of long-acting antipsychotics other than paliperidone palmitate 1-month or 3-month formulations at BL-OL and duration of prior psychiatric hospitalizations in the last 24 months did not show significant effect on improvements.ConclusionSwitching from an oral antipsychotic to an LAT can provide a meaningful and significant improvement in caregiver burden.Disclosure of interestAll authors are employees of Janssen Research & Development, LLC and hold stocks in the company.
The Impact of the Lifetime Depression History on Alcohol Consumption in Male and Female Alcoholics
Authors: Karpyak V. , Geske J. , Hall-Flavin D. , Loukianova L. , Schneekloth T. , Skime M. , Frye M. , Choi D.S. , Biernacka J. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundPsychiatric comorbidities and alcohol craving are known contributors to differences in alcohol consumption patterns.MethodsUnivariate and multivariable linear regression models were used to examine the association and interactions between the Inventory of Drug Taking Situations (IDTS) negative, positive and temptation sub-scale scores, sex, as well as co-morbid depression and anxiety determined by Psychiatric Research Interview of Substance and Mood Disorders (PRISM) with alcohol consumption measured by Time Line Follow Back (TLFB) during preceding 90 days in 287 males and 156 females meeting DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence.ResultsIDTS positive, negative and temptation scores were strongly associated with increased alcohol consumption measures including the number of drinks per day and number of drinking days per week (P < 0.0001). Male sex was associated with higher amount of alcohol consumption per drinking day (P < 0.001), but not with the number of drinking days per week (P > 0.05). In men, lifetime history of depression was associated with fewer drinking days (P = 0.0084) and fewer hazardous drinking days (P = 0.0214) but not with differences in daily alcohol consumption. In women, depression history was not significantly associated with alcohol consumption measures. Post-hoc sex-stratified analyses suggested that the association of the negative IDTS score with total amount of alcohol consumed by men may be modified (decreased) by lifetime depression history. We found no associations of alcohol consumption measures with anxiety or substance-induced depression.DiscussionDecreased frequency of drinking in male alcoholics with lifetime depression history is unexpected. This finding emphasizes the complex relationships between alcoholism and depression, which require further investigation.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
FKBP5 Modulates the Effects of Nicotine on Hpa Axis Activity in Females
Authors: Koopmann A. , Kiefer F. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundFK506 binding protein 51 is a modulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity. Its function is modulated by the single nucleotide polymorphism rs 1360780. Females often use smoking to cope with stress. The aim of this study was to investigate if the influence of nicotine consumption on cortisol plasma levels is modified by the polymorphism of rs 1360780 in females.MethodsTwo hundred and ninety-six female smokers were genotyped for the SNP rs1360780 of FKBP5 protein. Cortisol plasma concentrations were measured in blood plasma drawn three hours after smoking. Severity of tobacco addiction was assessed based on the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).ResultsThirty-six participants were TT-homozygotes and 260 were C allele carriers. In TT homozygotes, we found a significant negative correlation between the FTND sum score and the cortisol plasma concentrations. In a linear regression analysis, the FTND sum score accounts for 12.4% of the variance of cortisol plasma levels. By contrast, we could not find such an association in C allele carriers.ConclusionsOur results suggest that nicotine is an important confounder in the modulation of HPA axis activity by FKBP5. In the light of these findings, future studies on FKBP5 should include nicotine consumption as a confounder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Influence of Impulsivity During Decision-making in Regular Cannabis Users
Authors: Laprevote V. , Devin A.L. , Blanc B. , Schwan R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRegular cannabis use is associated with cognitive impairments, including impaired decision making measured by the Iowa Gambling Task. The question remains whether the impulsivity measured in regular cannabis users may participate to impaired decision making. Interestingly, the Cambridge Gambling Task (CGT) is a computerized gambling task allows to differentiate risk taking and impulsivity when making a decision.AimsThis study aims at separately exploring the impact of regular cannabis use on risk taking and impulsivity during decision making process.ObjectivesTo do so, we compared the performance of regular cannabis users and healthy controls during the CGT.MethodsForty-three regular cannabis users (> 7 units/week) with a cannabis use disorder (CUD), 8 non-CUD regular cannabis users and 30 healthy controls were recruited. Decision-making was assessed using the CGT. The following outcomes were considered: Delay aversion score, Overall proportion bet, quality of decision making, risk taking and risk adjustment.ResultsThe analysis on delay aversion score showed a group effect (F = 3.839, P = 0.026) but no effect on other CGT variables. This effect was explained by the fact that cannabis CUD users had a higher delay aversion score than healthy controls and non-CUD cannabis users.ConclusionsIn this study, CUD cannabis users had an increased impulsivity but no increase of risk taking and quality of decision-making. Future work should include the CGT with a clinical scale to evaluate impulsivity and a motor inhibition task to understand if the impairment observed relates to cognitive or motor abilities.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Evaluation of Cognitive Dysfunction in a Sample of Patients Affected by Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Stella E. , La Montagna M. , Borraccino L. , Ricci F. , Triggiani A.I. , Panza F. , Seripa D. , Miscio G. , Bellomo A. , Lozupone M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionCognitive dysfunctions concerning working memory, attention, psychomotor speed, and verbal memory are a disabling feature of the bipolar disorder (BD). According to scientific literature, cognitive disturbances are present not only in depressive and manic phases of BD, but also during the euthymic period, without regard to whether or not drugs are assumed.ObjectiveTo determine the presence of one or more dysfunctions in cognitive domains in a sample of subjects suffering from BD, in euthymic phase, compared with healthy controls.AimsEvaluation of the following cognitive performances in subjects affected by BD: speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving, and social cognition.MethodsForty-six patients affected by BD in the euthymic phase (mean age: 43.17 years old; 39.13% male), and 58 healthy controls (mean age: 39.21 years old; 51.72% male) were enrolled in the psychiatric unit of Azienda Sanitaria Locale, Foggia. The neuropsychological battery MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) was administered by trained psychiatrists.ResultsWe found the presence of cognitive impairment, affecting six out of seven of cognitive functions assessed (P < 0.001): speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, visual learning, reasoning and problem solving.ConclusionsThese preliminary results from our case-control study show that cognitive deficits are clearly present also during the euthymic phases of subjects with bipolar disorder (mainly pertaining attention/vigilance domain). These cognitive abnormalities may represent a biomarker of bipolar disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Patterns of Impairment in Executive Functions within Unipolar and Bipolar Depression
Authors: Suciu B. , Paunescu R. , Miclutia I. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe majority of studies revealed that cognitive deficits are an important aspect in many psychiatric illnesses, such as bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. In the past, cognitive impairment was considered part of depression and it was expected to diminish as other mood symptoms improved with treatment.MethodThis study is based on the review of recent literature, performed in order to understand the dimension of executive impairment in unipolar and bipolar depression.ResultsBoth unipolar and bipolar depressed patients display cognitive deficits in several cognitive domains within executive functions. Different subcomponents of executive functions are altered in both types of patients, but impairments in sustained attention appear specific in bipolar depression while dysfunctional divided attention is reported in unipolar disorder. Studies describe deficits in planning strategies and monitoring processes that are characteristically impaired in unipolar depressed patients. Also these subjects tend to make more perseverative responses suggesting set shifting deficits and moreover they require longer time and more cognitive effort in order to accomplish tasks involving inhibitory control or cognitive flexibility. Other findings suggest that bipolar I depressed patients perform worse than bipolar II depressed patients and unipolar depressed patients across all executive functions especially in the decision making process that is considered to be a trait marker for bipolar disorder with no differences between the two types of bipolar subjects.ConclusionsExecutive functions represent a term that includes a higher order of cognitive abilities with deficits that are present in both disorders but display slightly different patterns of impairment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Objective Quantification of Psychomotor Dynamics During Pharmacological Treatment of Bipolar Depression
Authors: Terziivanova P. , Haralanov S. , Haralanova E. , Dzhupanov G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPsychomotor disturbances are among the core symptoms of endogenous depression. They reflect the underlying pathophysiology of the depressive episode and are sensitive to the neurobiological effects of its pharmacological treatment. Being objectively manifested, the psychomotor functions and dysfunctions are technically recordable and measurable by the available motion analysis systems.AimsTo objectively record and measure the psychomotor dysfunctions in bipolar depression and their dynamics during pharmacological treatment.MethodsWe introduced an original (internationally patented) equilibriometric method for objective and quantitative recording of psychomotor dysfunctions during stepping locomotion in 37 hospitalized patients with bipolar depression and 30 well-matched healthy controls. Two separable psychomotor functions were analyzed in parallel: conscious (voluntary) activity and subconscious (automatic) reactivity. Both patients and controls were examined twice in order to quantify their psychomotor dynamics. Patients were examined at the first day of their hospitalisation and the day before their discharge. The two consecutive examinations of the controls were with equivalent time intervals.ResultsThere was no significant psychomotor dynamics (P > 0.05) in the healthy controls between their first and second equilibriometric recording. Psychomotor activity and/or reactivity of the patients were relatively slower at their first recording and significantly accelerated (P < 0.05) at their second recording after effective pharmacological treatment.ConclusionsObjective recording and quantitative assessment of psychomotor dynamics in patients with bipolar depression during the pharmacological treatment of their current episode could be a sensitive measure of their improvement and might be used as a surrogate pharmacodynamic biomarker for objective treatment monitoring.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Faux Pas: Assessing Theory of Superior Mind. A Control-case Study
Authors: Magallón-Neri E. , Figueras J. , Amat C. , Benages M. 
Published: June 2017

Often, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can present deficits for acquiring superior level of theory of mind (ToM) in the detection of false beliefs o blunder situations. The objective of this study is to assess 51 subjects with a primary education level (18 with ASD compared to 33 control subjects) comparing ToM level by using the test of Faux Pas test by Baron-Cohen et al. (1999) in two groups divided in 2 layers by age of 7 and 11 years. Results showed significant differences in this construct (ToM) between control group and ASD group only at the age of 11 years (z-score = 2.26; P = .023), but not at the age of 7 years (z-score = 1.89; P = .062). This suggests that ToM's superior capacity acquires greater expression and maturity towards late childhood, just before transition to adolescence stage.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Pharmacogenomics and Efficacy of Risperidone Long-term Treatment in Thai Autistic Children and Adolescence
Authors: Nuntamool N. , Ngamsamut N. , Vanwong N. , Puangpetch A. , Chamnanphon M. , Hongkaew Y. , Limsila P. , Sukasem C. 
Published: June 2017

Risperidone, atypical antipsychotics, was approved for irritability in autistic disorder. However, some patients had minimal improvement or no response to this treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of pharmacogenomics factors and clinical outcomes in autistic children and adolescence who treated with risperidone for long periods. Sixty-seven autistic subjects diagnosed with DSM-IV criteria and treated with risperidone more than 1 year were evaluated clinical symptom by CGI, aggressive, over activity, and repetitive score. Polymorphisms of ABCB1, CYP2D6, DRD2, DRD3, and HTR2A were analyzed. Almost patients showed stable symptom on aggressive (91.04%), over activity (73.13%), repetitive (68.25%) behavior, and all clinical symptoms (82.09%). Only 4.48% of patients showed minimally worse on CGI-I score. Patients in non-stable of all symptom group had DRD2 Taq1A non-wildtype (TT and CT) frequencies higher than clinical stable group (P = 0.046), whereas other genes polymorphism showed no significant association. Interestingly, there was no patient with HTR2A-1438G > A wildtype in all non-stable symptoms. However, there was no significant association due to small sample sizes. Drug levels (RIS, 9OH-RIS, and active moiety) did not show the association with any clinical outcome. Increased appetite was the common ADRs, which associated with high body weight, whereas there was not significantly associated with genetic variations and non-genetic information. In conclusion, risperidone showed efficacy to control autism, especially aggressive symptom in long-term treatment. However, dopamine 2 gene variation affect to non-stable in risperidone treated patients. This study supports pharmacogenomics testing for personalized therapeutics of risperidone in autistic disorder.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A Population Service Evaluation of the ADHD Pathway of Children and Young People's Services, Malta
Authors: Saliba A. , Agius D. , Sciberras E. , Camilleri N. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionADHD is the commonest neurodevelopmental disorder in young people (YP) aged 5–18 years. YP with untreated ADHD are 5 times more likely to develop co-morbid psychiatric disorders.ObjectivesTo carry out a population service evaluation of the assessment process and management of YP with ADHD at Child and Young People's Service (CYPS), Malta age 0–16 years for 2014.AimsTo describe the service input, assessment and treatment of YP attending CYPS and compare to ADHD NICE guidelines 2008.MethodsAll patients diagnosed with ADHD at CYPS throughout 2014 were included. The incidence of YP with ADHD on treatment age 3–16 years in Malta was calculated. Information was collected from; (i) retrospective case file review and (ii) methylphenidate and atomoxetine registry and compared with NICE guidelines.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-six YP were diagnosed with ADHD. The minimum 12-month incidence of ADHD on treatment (3–16 years) in Malta was 553 per 100,000. Pre-diagnosis assessments were more frequently performed by other YP services (n = 97, 71.3%, P ≤ 0.01). A psychiatrist or paediatrician confirmed the diagnosis in 113 (83.1%). Sixty-two (45.3%) of YP were prescribed medication, 50 (36.8%) were referred for parental skills course and 55 (40.4%) psychotherapy. Mean waiting time for first appointment was 187.6 days (CI ± 26.9, 0–720), and first specialist review was 301.0 days (CI ± 34.4, 0–800) (1–3).ConclusionsThe incidence for YP (3–16 years) with ADHD on treatment was lower than the US. Since most pre-diagnostic assessments were carried out by other services, this raised the question about the reliability and validity. We recommend a diagnostic MDT meeting following the multimodal assessment to diagnose ADHD. Medication prescribing followed NICE overall, standardising non-pharmacological management is required.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Anti-basal Ganglia Antibodies (ABGA) and Excitatory Neurotransmitters in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Authors: Gnanavel S. , Parmar A. , Sharan P. , Subbiah V. , Sharma U. , Nr J. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionOCD is a complex disorder with multiple aetiological theories. Recent research points to role of autoimmunity as well as hyperactivity of glutaminergic pathways in aetiopathogenesis of the disorder. It is possible that autoimmune mechanisms may modulate excitatory neurotransmission resulting in OCD.Aims/objectivesThis study aimed to study the association between serum anti-basal ganglia autoantibodies (ABGA) and Glx (glutamate + glutamine) levels in caudate nucleus and anterior cingulate cortex as demonstrated by 1H-MRS (proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy).MethodsThirty psychotropic-naive OCD patients and an equal number of age, gender matched healthy controls were studied using 1H-MRS and levels of Glx were obtained. ABGA was measured using ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) technique and categorised as present or absent in the serum.ResultsABGA was present in significantly higher proportion of patients as compared to controls (P < 0.05). Glx level was significantly higher (as measured by 1H-MRS) in patients with ABGA as compared to those without ABGA (P = 0.02). The study results did not differ based on age, gender, disease severity and illness duration.ConclusionsThe study demonstrates presence of ABGA in at least a subset of OCD population. The significant correlation between brain Glx levels and presence of ABGA provides a putative neurobiological framework for OCD. The strengths of the study include psychotropic-naive patients, blinded investigators and use of standardized instruments. The limitations include small sample size, use of Glx as proxy measure of glutamate and lack of other disorder controls. Similar studies on a larger sample are warranted for a better understanding.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Party Hard: Drug-related Fatalities in Ibiza from 2010 to 2016
Authors: Santacroce R. , Bennasar C. Ruiz , Jaraiz J.R. Sancho , Montemitro C. , Baroni G. , Corbo M. , Pasquini A. , Sarchione F. , Angelini F. , Catalano G. , Carenti M.L. , Di Taranto C. , Tenuta S. , Lecciso U. , De Angelis M. , Rondoni A. , Di Giannantonio M. , Martinotti G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIllicit drug use is well known as an important contributor to the global burden of diseases, but the physical and psychopathological risks of recreational drugs misuse are often underestimated and drug-related fatalities in specific settings are under-investigated.Objectives and methodsIn the framework of the EU-funded project “EU-Madness”, we collected and analysed all the reports of drug-related fatalities in Ibiza from January 2010 to September 2016, with the aim of characterising the sample, and identifying the involved substances and the nature of deaths associated with their consumption.ResultsOverall, 58 drug-related fatalities were registered from 2010 to September 2016 (87.9% males, 12.1% females, mean age 33.16; females were significantly younger than males). Most of the deceased were Britons (36.2%), followed by Spanish (22.4%), Italians (6.9%) and Germans (5.2%). In half the cases, the substance identified in post-mortem analyses was a stimulant; in 24.1% of the sample it was a depressor a prescription drug or more than two substances in 22.4%. Most of the fatalities were due to cardiovascular accidents (62%); 22.4% were deaths by drowning, 12% by fall from heights and 3.4% were due to mechanical asphyxia.ConclusionsAccording to the results from our sample, stimulants (mainly MDMA and cocaine) are the substances of abuse involved in most drug-caused fatalities. The number of fatalities per year has been steadily increasing, but the growing diffusion of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) does not seem to be a direct cause (although better methods of their analysis in post-mortem samples should be designed).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.