bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety assessment of niacin in the US Food and Drug Administration's mini‐sentinel system
Authors: Gagne Joshua J. , Houstoun Monika , Reichman Marsha E. , Hampp Christian , Marshall James H. , Toh Sengwee 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeThe Heart Protection Study 2—Treatment of HDL to Reduce the Incidence of Vascular Events (HPS2‐THRIVE) trial found higher incidence rates of adverse reactions, including bleeding, in patients receiving the combination of extended‐release niacin and laropiprant versus placebo. It is not known whether these adverse events are attributable to laropiprant, not approved in the USA, or to extended‐release niacin. We compared rates of major gastrointestinal bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage among initiators of extended‐release niacin and initiators of fenofibrate.MethodsWe used Mini‐Sentinel (now Sentinel) to conduct an observational, new user cohort analysis. We included data from 5 Data Partners covering the period from January 1, 2007 to August 31, 2013. Individuals who initiated extended‐release niacin were propensity score‐matched to individuals who initiated fenofibrate. Within the matched cohorts, we used Cox proportional hazards models to compare rates of hospitalization for major gastrointestinal bleeding events and intracranial hemorrhage assessed using validated claims‐based algorithms.ResultsA total of 234 242 eligible extended‐release niacin initiators were identified, of whom 210 389 (90%) were 1:1 propensity score‐matched to eligible fenofibrate initiators. In propensity score‐matched analyses, no differences were observed between exposure groups in rates of major gastrointestinal bleeding (hazard ratio [HR], 0.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82 to 1.18) or intracranial hemorrhage (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.66 to 2.22). Results were similar in pre‐specified sensitivity and subgroup analyses.ConclusionsWe did not observe evidence for an association between extended‐release niacin versus fenofibrate and rates of major gastrointestinal bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage.
Extracellular Vesicles in the Adaptive Process of Prostate Cancer during Inhibition of Androgen Receptor Signaling by Enzalutamide
Authors: Soekmadji Carolina , Rockstroh Anja , Ramm Grant A. , Nelson Colleen C. , Russell Pamela J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCurrent treatments for advanced prostate cancer focus on inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, complex interactions mediated by tumor suppressors, oncogenes, aberrations of AR expression, or de novo androgen production have been shown to induce the adaptive response of prostate cancer, leading to the development of castration resistant prostate cancer. In this study, we report the effects of AR antagonist, enzalutamide on the protein contents of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs mediate cell‐to‐cell communication and increasing evidence shows the role of EVs in promoting cancer survival and metastasis. We found that treatment with enzalutamide alters the secretion of EVs, one of which is a plasma membrane calcium pump, ATP2B1/PMCA ATPase, as an AR‐regulated EV protein. We highlight the networks of interactions between AR, Ca2+, and ATP2B1, where the extracellular proteins thrombospondin‐1, gelsolin, and integrinß1 were previously reported as regulators for cancer progression and metastasis, indicating the potential role of EV‐derived proteins in mediating calcium homoeostasis under AR inhibition by enzalutamide. Our data further highlight the cross‐talk between AR signaling and EV pathways in mediating resistance toward ADT.
Critical evaluation of HOMA and MBL as local aromaticity indices
Authors: Makino Masakazu , Nishina Naoko , Aihara Jun‐ichi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe harmonic oscillator model of aromaticity (HOMA) index is an excellent structural indicator of aromaticity. We found that HOMA values for internal benzene rings in large pericondensed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are often overestimated because of the local aromaticity of adjacent benzene rings. The occurrence of this phenomenon was confirmed by comparing the HOMA with the corresponding SSE(LA) values; SSE(LA) is a graph‐theoretical index of local aromaticity not disturbed by the aromaticity of the adjacent benzene rings. Mean bond length values were likewise assessed by comparing them with the corresponding HOMA and SSE(LA) values.
Effects of alkyl side chains positioning and presence of fused aromatic units in the backbone of low‐bandgap diketopyrrolopyrrole copolymers on the optoelectronic properties of organic solar cells
Authors: Chochos Christos L. , Katsouras Athanasios , Drakopoulou Sofia , Miskaki Christina , Krassas Miron , Tzourmpakis Pavlos , Kakavelakis George , Sprau Christian , Colsmann Alexander , Squeo Benedetta M. , Gregoriou Vasilis G. , Kymakis Emmanuel , Avgeropoulos Apostolos 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTThe systematic optimization of the chemical structure of low‐bandgap (LBG) donor‐acceptor polymeric semiconductors is a challenging task for which accurate guidelines are yet to be determined. Several different structural and molecular parameters are crucial ingredients for obtaining LBG polymers that simultaneously possess high power conversion efficiencies, good processability in common organic solvents, and enhanced stability in organic photovoltaic devices. In this work, we present an extensive structure–optoelectronic properties–solar cell performance study on the emerging class of diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based LBG polymers. In particular, we investigate alkyl side chain positioning by introducing linear alkyl side chains into two different positions (α‐ and β‐), and the distance of the electron rich and electron deficient monomers within the repeat units of the polymer chain. We demonstrate that anchoring linear alkyl side chains to the α‐positions and introducing fused moieties into the polymer backbone, can be beneficial toward maintaining photocurrents similar to the unsubstituted derivative, and concurrently exhibit better processabiliy in common organic solvents. These results can provide a design rationale towards further optimization of semiconducting polymers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 138–146
Facile Construction of 3D Reduced Graphene Oxide Wrapped Ni3S2 Nanoparticles on Ni Foam for High‐Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Qi Jiqiu , Chang Yuan , Sui Yanwei , He Yezeng , Meng Qingkun , Wei Fuxiang , Zhao Yulong , Jin Yunxue 
Published: November 2017

Abstract3D reduced graphene oxide (rGO)‐wrapped Ni3S2 nanoparticles on Ni foam with porous structure is successfully synthesized via a facile one‐step solvothermal method. This unique structure and the positive synergistic effect between Ni3S2 nanoparticles and graphene can greatly improve the electrochemical performance of the NF@rGO/Ni3S2 composite. Detailed electrochemical measurements show that the NF@rGO/Ni3S2 composite exhibits excellent supercapacitor performance with a high specific capacitance of 4048 mF cm−2 (816.8 F g−1) at a current density of 5 mA cm−2 (0.98 A g−1), as well as long cycling ability (93.8% capacitance retention after 6000 cycles at a current density of 25 mA cm−2). A novel aqueous asymmetric supercapacitor is designed using the NF@rGO/Ni3S2 composite as positive electrode and nitrogen‐doped graphene as negative electrode. The assembled device displays an energy density of 32.6 W h kg−1 at a power density of 399.8 W kg−1, and maintains 16.7 W h kg−1 at 8000.2 W kg−1. This outstanding performance promotes the as‐prepared NF@rGO/Ni3S2 composite to be ideal electrode materials for supercapacitors.
Milk and other dairy foods in relation to prostate cancer recurrence: Data from the cancer of the prostate strategic urologic research endeavor (CaPSURE™)
Authors: Tat David , Kenfield Stacey A. , Cowan Janet E. , Broering Jeanette M. , Carroll Peter R. , Van Blarigan Erin L. , Chan June M. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundHigh‐fat dairy, particularly whole milk, in healthy men may increase risk of aggressive prostate cancer. However, data are limited regarding dairy after prostate cancer diagnosis.MethodWe conducted a prospective study among 1334 men with non‐metastatic prostate cancer in the Cancer of the Prostate Strategic Urologic Research Endeavor. Men answered a food frequency questionnaire in 2004‐2005 (median 2 years after diagnosis) and were followed until 2016 for recurrence, defined as: prostate cancer death, bone metastases, biochemical recurrence, or secondary treatment. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazards ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations between whole and low‐fat milk; total, high‐fat, and low‐fat dairy; and other dairy items and risk of recurrence.ResultsDuring a median follow‐up of 8 years, we observed 137 events. Men who consumed >4 servings/week versus 0‐3 servings/month of whole milk had an 73% increased risk of recurrence (HR: 1.73; 95%CI: 1.00, 2.98; P‐value = 0.04). Body mass index (BMI) modified the association (P‐interaction = 0.01). Among men with a BMI ≥27 kg/m2, >4 servings/week versus 0‐3 servings/month of whole milk was associated with a 3‐fold higher risk of recurrence (HR: 2.96; 95%CI: 1.58, 5.54; P‐value < 0.001). No association was seen in men with BMI <27 kg/m2. Low‐fat milk and other dairy foods were not associated with recurrence.ConclusionIn conclusion, whole milk consumption after prostate cancer diagnosis was associated with increased risk of recurrence, particularly among very overweight or obese men. Men with prostate cancer who choose to drink milk should select non‐fat or low‐fat options.
FOXP3+ regulatory T cells in normal prostate tissue, postatrophic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and tumor histological lesions in men with and without prostate cancer
Authors: Davidsson Sabina , Andren Ove , Ohlson Anna‐Lena , Carlsson Jessica , Andersson Swen‐Olof , Giunchi Francesca , Rider Jennifer R. , Fiorentino Michelangelo 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThe tumor promoting or counteracting effects of the immune response to cancer development are thought to be mediated to some extent by the infiltration of regulatory T cells (Tregs). In the present study we evaluated the prevalence of Treg populations in stromal and epithelial compartments of normal, post atrophic hyperplasia (PAH), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), and tumor lesions in men with and without prostate cancer.MethodsStudy subjects were 102 men consecutively diagnosed with localized prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy and 38 men diagnosed with bladder cancer undergoing cystoprostatectomy without prostate cancer at the pathological examination. Whole mount sections from all patients were evaluated for the epithelial and stromal expression of CD4+ Tregs and CD8+ Tregs in normal, PAH, PIN, and tumor lesions. A Friedmańs test was used to investigate differences in the mean number of Tregs across histological lesions. Logistic regression was used to estimate crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) for prostate cancer for each histological area.ResultsIn men with prostate cancer, similarly high numbers of stromal CD4+ Tregs were identified in PAH and tumor, but CD4+ Tregs were less common in PIN. Greater numbers of epithelial CD4+ Tregs in normal prostatic tissue were positively associated with both Gleason score and pT‐stage. We observed a fourfold increased risk of prostate cancer in men with epithelial CD4+ Tregs in the normal prostatic tissue counterpart.ConclusionsOur results may suggest a possible pathway through which PAH develops directly into prostate cancer in the presence of CD4+ Tregs and indicate that transformation of the anti‐tumor immune response may be initiated even before the primary tumor is established.
Penetration and pharmacokinetics of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in rat prostate tissue
Authors: Yellepeddi Venkata K. , Radhakrishnan Jayashree , Radhakrishnan Rajan 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundChronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) involves inflammation of the prostate and affects the quality of life of men of all ages. It is well reported in clinical studies that the treatment for CP/CPPS using nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) produced favorable outcomes. However, currently, there are no guidelines on choice of the NSAIDs for the treatment of CP/CPPS. Therefore, in the current research study, we evaluated the prostate tissue penetration of four NSAIDs in rats to provide guidance on choice of NSAIDs for the treatment of CP/CPPS.MethodsMale Sprague‐Dawley rats were administered orally with four NSAIDs viz. celecoxib, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen at 500 mg/kg dose. The animals were then sacrificed at various time points, and their prostate tissues were harvested. The NSAIDs were then extracted from the prostate tissues using liquid extraction technique, and their concentration in prostate tissue was quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The prostate tissue penetration and related pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated by non‐compartmental analysis.ResultsThe HPLC method for quantifying NSAIDs in prostate tissue resulted in single, sharp peaks without any interference and all validation parameters were within limits. Celecoxib showed the highest area under the curve (AUC) [146.50 ± 2.75 μg/mL*h] of all NSAID's. A two‐factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) with replication indicated an overall statistically significant difference in the pharmacokinetic parameters for celecoxib, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen.ConclusionsThis study for the first time reported the relative prostate tissue penetration of four NSAIDs. The pharmacokinetic data indicated that celecoxib has the highest penetration and retention in rat prostate tissues. Therefore, celecoxib may be considered as a better choice for the treatment CP/CPPS involving NSAIDs.
GLUT1 regulates cell glycolysis and proliferation in prostate cancer
Authors: Xiao Hengjun , Wang Jun , Yan Weixin , Cui Yubin , Chen Zheng , Gao Xin , Wen Xingqiao , Chen Jun 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundGlucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) plays a critical role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression in multiple cancer types. However, the specific function and clinical significance of GLUT1 in prostate cancer (PCa) are still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of GLUT1 in PCa.MethodsGLUT1 protein levels in prostate cancer tissue and tumor‐adjacent normal tissues were measured and compared. Furthermore, real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis were both used to detect GLUT1 expression levels in different PCa cell lines. Flow cytometry and cell‐based assays, such as a glucose uptake and lactate secretion assay, CCK‐8 assay, and transwell migration and wound healing assay, were used to monitor cancer cell cycle distribution, glycolysis, proliferation, and motility, respectively. Moreover, a mouse tumor xenograft model was used to investigate the role of GLUT1 in tumor progression in vivo.ResultsGLUT1 expression levels are higher in PCa tissues than in tumor‐adjacent normal tissues. The results from real‐time PCR and Western blot analysis revealed a similar increase in the GLUT1 expression levels in PCa cell lines. Moreover, knockdown of GLUT1 inhibits cell glycolysis and proliferation and leads to cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in the 22RV1 cell line but not in the PC3 cell line. In vivo experiments further confirmed that GLUT1 knockdown inhibits the growth of tumors derived from the 22RV1 cell line. In addition, we also showed that GLUT1 knockdown has no effect on cell migration in vitro.ConclusionsGLUT1 may play an important role in PCa progression via mediating glycolysis and proliferation. Our study also indicated a potential crosstalk between GLUT1‐mediated glycolysis and androgen sensitivity in PCa.
Sarcosine influences apoptosis and growth of prostate cells via cell‐type specific regulation of distinct sets of genes
Authors: Rodrigo Miguel A. Merlos , Strmiska Vladislav , Horackova Eva , Buchtelova Hana , Michalek Petr , Stiborova Marie , Eckschlager Tomas , Adam Vojtech , Heger Zbynek 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundSarcosine is a widely discussed oncometabolite of prostate cells. Although several reports described connections between sarcosine and various phenotypic changes of prostate cancer (PCa) cells, there is still a lack of insights on the complex phenomena of its effects on gene expression patterns, particularly in non‐malignant and non‐metastatic cells.MethodsTo shed more light on this phenomenon, we performed parallel microarray profiling of RNA isolated from non‐malignant (PNT1A), malignant (22Rv1), and metastatic (PC‐3) prostate cell lines treated with sarcosine. Microarray results were experimentally verified using semi‐quantitative‐RT‐PCR, clonogenic assay, through testing of the susceptibility of cells pre‐incubated with sarcosine to anticancer agents with different modes of actions (inhibitors of topoisomerase II, DNA cross‐linking agent, antimicrotubule agent and inhibitor of histone deacetylases) and by evaluation of activation of executioner caspases 3/7.ResultsWe identified that irrespective of the cell type, sarcosine stimulates up‐regulation of distinct sets of genes involved in cell cycle and mitosis, while down‐regulates expression of genes driving apoptosis. Moreover, it was found that in all cell types, sarcosine had pronounced stimulatory effects on clonogenicity. Except of an inhibitor of histone deacetylase valproic acid, efficiency of all agents was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in sarcosine pre‐incubated cells.ConclusionsOur comparative study brings evidence that sarcosine affects not only metastatic PCa cells, but also their malignant and non‐malignant counterparts and induces very similar changes in cells behavior, but via distinct cell‐type specific targets.
Maximum likelihood estimation of change point from stationary to nonstationary in autoregressive models using dynamic linear model
Authors: Sheikhrabori Reza , Aminnayeri Majid , Ayoubi Mona 
Published: November 2017

AbstractChange point estimation is a useful concept in time series models that could be applied in several fields such as financing, quality control. It helps to decrease costs of decision making and production by monitoring stock market and production lines, respectively. In this paper, the maximum likelihood technique is developed to estimate change point at which the stationary AR(1) model changes to a nonstationary process. Filtering and smoothing of dynamic linear model are used to estimate unknown parameters after change point. We also assume that correlation exists between samples' statistics. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed estimators to estimate the change point of stationary. In addition based on Shewhart control chart, filtering has a better accuracy in comparison to smoothing. A real example is provided to illustrate the application.
Charge Transport in 2D DNA Tunnel Junction Diodes
Authors: Yoon Minho , Min Sung‐Wook , Dugasani Sreekantha Reddy , Lee Yong Uk , Oh Min Suk , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Park Sung Ha , Im Seongil 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecently, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is studied for electronics due to its intrinsic benefits such as its natural plenitude, biodegradability, biofunctionality, and low‐cost. However, its applications are limited to passive components because of inherent insulating properties. In this report, a metal–insulator–metal tunnel diode with Au/DNA/NiOx junctions is presented. Through the self‐aligning process of DNA molecules, a 2D DNA nanosheet is synthesized and used as a tunneling barrier, and semitransparent conducting oxide (NiOx) is applied as a top electrode for resolving metal penetration issues. This molecular device successfully operates as a nonresonant tunneling diode, and temperature‐variable current–voltage analysis proves that Fowler–Nordheim tunneling is a dominant conduction mechanism at the junctions. DNA‐based tunneling devices appear to be promising prototypes for nanoelectronics using biomolecules.
The oldest erect cheilostome bryozoan:Jablonskiporagen. nov. from the upper Albian of south‐west England
Authors: Martha Silviu O. , Taylor Paul D. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAlthough dominant at the present day, the bryozoan order Cheilostomata did not appear until the Late Jurassic. For over 55 million years after their first appearance, cheilostomes remained low in diversity and disparity, exclusively encrusting and scant in the fossil record. During the late Albian, however, cheilostomes began an explosive diversification coinciding with the appearance of several key novelties. In this paper, we describe a new monospecific cheilostome genus,Jablonskiporagen. nov. (type speciesJablonskipora kidwellaegen. et sp. nov.), of importance as the oldest known cheilostome with erect growth.Jablonskipora kidwellaeis a malacostegine cheilostome characterized by rigidly erect colonies with cylindrical, bifurcating branches and is moderately common in sedimentary rocks of late Albian age in south‐west England. Autozooids are dimorphic, with long tubular autozooids in the axial endozone covered by multiple layers of short, stacked, box‐shaped autozooids in the surrounding exozone. It is assigned to Chiplonkarinidae, a family now containing five genera, a tabular key for the discrimination of which is provided. The morphology ofJablonskiporaand the early evolution of erect growth in cheilostomes are discussed.
Ersatzneubau der Lennetalbrücke
Authors: Kraus Matthias , Niebuhr Hans Joachim , Neumann Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHerrn Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Rolf Kindmann zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres gewidmetAufgrund des erhöhten Verkehrsaufkommens werden Brücken hinsichtlich ihrer Tragfähigkeit, Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit überprüft. Entsprechende Untersuchungen haben ergeben, dass die Lennetalbrücke im Zuge der A45 bei Hagen aufgrund des Tragwerkzustandes durch einen Neubau zu ersetzen ist, der zukünftig auch einen sechsstreifigen Ausbau der Autobahn gewährleistet. Seit September 2013 finden die Baustellenarbeiten an der neuen Brücke statt. In Fahrtrichtung Frankfurt a. M. ist neben der eigentlichen Trassenführung einer von zwei Überbauten auf Behelfspfeilern errichtet worden, der zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt quer eingeschoben werden soll. Mit einer Überbaulänge von ca. 1 000 m kann der geplante Querverschub als der „größte” betrachtet werden, den es bis zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt in Deutschland gegeben hat.
Traglastuntersuchungen an Koppelpfetten bei Biegung um die schwache Achse und Torsion
Authors: Laumann Jörg , Mainz Stefan , Krahwinkel Manuel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHerrn Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Rolf Kindmann zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres gewidmetBei der Verwendung eines gekoppelten Mehrfeldträgers mit Z‐förmigen Querschnitt stellt sich oftmals die Frage, mit welchem statischen System das Tragverhalten realitätsgetreu abgebildet werden kann. Für Biegung um die starke Achse stehen Federmodelle zur Verfügung. Für Biegung um die schwache Achse und Torsion existieren diese leider nicht. Der vorliegende Aufsatz greift diese Problemstellung auf und zeigt das Tragverhalten anhand experimenteller Untersuchungen für Biegung um die schwache Achse und Torsion auf.