bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sacral neuromodulation for refractory overactive bladder after prior intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA treatment
Authors: Hoag Nathan , Plagakis Sophie , Pillay Samantha , Edwards Ailsa Wilson , Gani Johan 
Published: September 2016

AimsSacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a well‐established treatment modality for refractory overactive bladder (OAB). There is a paucity of evidence examining the use of SNM in patients who have received prior intravesical onabotulinumtoxinA (BTXA) treatment. We aim to review those patients who underwent SNM for refractory OAB following treatment with BTXA.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted to identify patients who had undergone prior intradetrusor BTXA for refractory OAB, then subsequent first‐stage SNM. Patient demographics, number/dosage of BTXA, voiding diaries, and patient global impression of improvement (PGI‐I) scores were recorded. Successful first‐stage SNM was defined as subjective patient improvement of greater than 50%. Patient satisfaction and device use at last follow‐up was noted.ResultsEighty‐three patients were identified having undergone SNM for OAB, of which 36 had prior BTXA treatment and were included in the series. 23/36 (63.9%) of patients had successful first‐stage SNM, and underwent insertion of implantable pulse generator, compared to 33/47 (70.2%) in those who had never been treated with BTXA (P = 0.5). Mean PGI‐I score was 2.6 (range 1–4). With a mean follow up of 29.1 months (range 12–53), 17/23 (73.9%) were satisfied, and using the device at last follow‐up.ConclusionSNM is a suitable treatment option in those patients who have had prior BTXA treatment for refractory OAB, even in those for whom BTXA proved ineffective. Success rates were within the published range, and comparable to our own results, for SNM in OAB patients without prior BTXA treatment.
Executive functions predict weight loss in a medically supervised weight loss programme
Authors: Galioto R. , Bond D. , Gunstad J. , Pera V. , Rathier L. , Tremont G. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBackgroundDeficits in executive functions are related to poorer weight loss after bariatric surgery; however, less is known about the role that these deficits may play during participation in nonsurgical weight loss programmes. This study examined associations between objectively measured executive functions and weight loss during participation in a medically supervised weight loss programme.MethodsTwenty‐three adult patients (age 50.4 ± 15.1, BMI 44.2 ± 8.8, 68% female, 92% White) enrolled in a medically supervised weight loss programme, involving prescription of a very low calorie diet and strategies to change eating and activity behaviours, underwent comprehensive computerized testing of executive functions at baseline. Weight was obtained at baseline and 8 weeks. Demographic and clinical information were obtained through medical chart review.ResultsParticipants lost an average of 9.8 ± 3.4% of their initial body weight at 8 weeks. Fewer correct responses on a set‐shifting task and faster reaction time on a response inhibition task were associated with lower weight loss percentage at 8 weeks after adjusting for age, education and depressive symptoms. There were no associations between performance on tests of working memory or planning and weight loss.ConclusionsThis study shows that worse performance on a set‐shifting task (indicative of poorer cognitive flexibility) and faster reaction times on a response inhibition test (indicative of higher impulsivity) are associated with lower weight loss among participants in a medically supervised weight loss programme. Pre‐treatment assessment of executive functions may be useful in identifying individuals who may be at risk for suboptimal treatment outcomes. Future research is needed to replicate these findings in larger samples and identify underlying mechanisms.
A DFT study of the mechanism and selectivities of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between 3‐(benzylideneamino)oxindole and trans‐β‐nitrostyrene
Authors: Sobhi Chafia , Khorief Nacereddine Abdelmalek , Djerourou Abdelhafid , Ríos‐ Gutiérrez Mar , Domingo Luis R. 
Published: September 2016

The mechanism and regioselectivities and stereoselectivities of the [3 + 2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction of 3‐(benzylideneamino) oxindole (AY) and trans‐β‐nitrostyrene have been studied using both B3LYP and ωB97XD density functional theory methods together with the standard 6‐31G(d) basis set. Four reactive pathways associated with the ortho and meta regioselective channels and endo and exo stereoselective approaches modes have been explored and characterized. While the B3LYP functional fails to predict the experimental regioselectivity, the ωB97XD one succeeds to predict the experimentally observed meta regioselectivity favoring the formation of meta/endo cycloadduct as the major isomer. Inclusion of solvent effects increases the regioselectivity and decreases the experimentally observed stereoselectivity. Analysis of the density functional theory global reactivity indices and the Parr functions of the reagents in its ground state allows explaining the reactivity and the meta regioselectivity of this zwitterionic‐type 32CA reaction, which account for the high polar character of this reaction. Non‐covalent interaction analysis of the most favorable meta/endo transition state structure reveals that the formation of a hydrogen‐bond between 1 nitro oxygen and the AY N–H hydrogen is responsible for the selectivity experimentally found in this polar zwitterionic‐type 32CA reaction.
Evaluation of field resistance to Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. The relationship with strigolactones
Authors: Mohemed Nasreldin , Charnikhova Tatsiana , Bakker Evert J , van Ast Aad , Babiker Abdelgabar GT , Bouwmeester Harro J 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDSignificant losses in sorghum biomass and grain yield occur in sub‐Saharan Africa owing to infection by the root‐parasitic weed Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. One strategy to avoid these losses is to adopt resistant crop varieties. For further delineation of the role of germination stimulants in resistance, we conducted a field experiment employing six sorghum genotypes, in eastern Sudan, and in parallel analysed the strigolactone levels in the root exudates of these genotypes under controlled conditions in Wageningen.RESULTSThe root exudates of these genotypes displayed large differences in strigolactone composition and Striga‐germination‐inducing activity. Korokollow, Fakimustahi and Wadfahel exuded the highest amounts of 5‐deoxystrigol. Fakimustahi was by far the highest sorgomol producer, and Wadbaco and SRN39 produced the highest amount of orobanchol. The concentration of 5‐deoxystrigol in the root exudate showed a significant positive correlation with in vitro Striga germination and was positively associated with Striga infection in the field experiments, whereas orobanchol was negatively associated with Striga infection in the field experiments.CONCLUSIONFor the first time a close association is reported between strigolactone levels analysed under laboratory conditions and Striga infection in the field in sorghum genotypes. These genotypes may be used for further study of this resistance mechanism and for the introgression of the low germination trait in other sorghum varieties to breed for a strigolactone composition with low stimulant activity. The use of such improved varieties in combination with other Striga management tools could possibly alleviate the current Striga problem on the African continent. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Nanostructuring GaN thin film for enhanced light emission and extraction
Authors: Nayak Sanjay Kumar , Shamoon Danish , Ghatak Jay , Shivaprasad Sonnada Math 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe demonstrate here that nanostructuring of GaN thin film significantly enhances the band‐edge emission, due to structural and geometrical effects. Films of increasing roughness are formed by kinetic control in a PA‐MBE system and their morphological, structural and optical properties are compared by complementary characterization probes. The nanowall configuration with largest pore size (215 nm) shows a two orders of magnitude enhancement of integrated PL intensity in comparison to a GaN epilayer. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation is performed to explain the role of total internal reflection and scattering on light extraction. The extended defects terminate proximal to interface, leading to most regions of the nanowalls are defect free, enhancing light generation. The observation of broad HRXRD rocking curves is attributed to a mosaicity that originates due to mutual misorientation of the nanowalls. Thus, the low dislocation density in the nanowalls and their suitable geometry promotes high light emission and extraction, respectively, offering this nanostructure as a potential material for high brightness LED fabrication.
The Chicxulub impact and its different hydrogeological effects on Prehispanic and Colonial settlement in the Yucatan peninsula
Authors: Normark Johan 
Published: September 2016

The Chicxulub impact ~66 million years ago and subsequent geological processes have created different hydrogeological regimes in the Yucatan peninsula, Mexico. These regimes have affected settlement patterns on local and regional scales. This study focuses on the intersection between three of these regimes; the Buried Ejecta within Saline Intrusion Zone, the Albion Formation, and the Ticul Fault Zone. Lake Chichancanab is located in the intersection between these zones. The Prehispanic settlement east of Chichancanab, in the Cochuah region, is distributed evenly whereas the Colonial period settlement of the same area largely stays within the Buried Ejecta within Saline Intrusion Zone. Colonial socioeconomic conditions and the Church limited the Spanish control of the Cochuah region, partially because groundwater access became increasingly more important during the Colonial period. WIREs Water 2016, 3:871–884. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1170This article is categorized under:

Engineering Water > Planning Water
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Human Water > Water Governance
Narratives in climate change discourse
Authors: Fløttum Kjersti , Gjerstad Øyvind 
Published: September 2016

‘Stories’ used to communicate climate change knowledge shape opinions and preferences, and analyzing such narratives can help explain how they are constructed and how they influence us on personal and societal scales. The narrative perspective makes it possible to identify the presence or absence of typical components in a ‘story,’ such as initial situation, complication, reaction(s), resolution, and final situation, and to identify different actors or narrative characters (heroes, villains, victims). This article reviews the notions of narratives and frames, describes narrative analysis generally and more specifically how a text linguistic perspective can benefit from and contribute to the Narrative Policy Framework in narrative analysis. It illustrates how different approaches can be applied as analytical tools to explore the effects of conflicting narratives (frames) on public opinion of and attitudes towards climate change. Applied to various text genres, the analysis identifies different components of the ‘stories,’ at overarching levels of the text as a whole and at microlevels such as sentences. This may have rhetorical implications, as controversial points of view can be hidden from critical assessment through the condensation of narrative components into short expressions. When exposed to conflicting ‘stories,’ people get a diverse picture of climate change, a diversity which may, however, also lead to confusion about how to react. Concerning the narrative characters, recent research indicates that a clear hero role has a large persuasive impact. More experiments testing how people interpret various narratives should be undertaken in an interdisciplinary perspective, combining social science, and linguistic approaches. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e429. doi: 10.1002/wcc.429This article is categorized under:

Perceptions, Behavior, and Communication of Climate Change > Communication
Wireless monitoring algorithm for wind turbine blades using Piezo‐electric energy harvesters
Authors: Lim Dong‐Won , Mantell Susan C. , Seiler Peter J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWind turbine blade failure can be catastrophic and lead to unexpected power interruptions. In this paper, a Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) algorithm is presented for wireless monitoring of wind turbine blades. The SHM algorithm utilizes accumulated strain energy data, such as would be acquired by piezoelectric materials. The SHM algorithm compares the accumulated strain energy at the same position on the three blades. This exploits the inherent triple redundancy of the blades and avoids the need for a structural model of the blade. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using probabilistic metrics such as detection probability (True Positive) and false alarm rate (False Positive). The decision time is chosen to be sufficiently long that a particular damage level can be detected even in the presence of system sensor noise and wind variations. Finally, the proposed algorithm is evaluated with a case study of a utility‐scale turbine. The noise level is based on measurements acquired from strain sensors mounted on the blades of a Clipper Liberty C96 turbine. Strain energy changes associated with damage from matrix cracking and delamination are simulated with a finite element model. The case study demonstrates that the proposed algorithm can detect damage with a high probability based on a decision time period of approximately 50–200 days. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychological autopsy of seventy high school suicides: Combined qualitative/quantitative approach
Authors: Zalsman G. , Siman Tov Y. , Tzuriel D. , Shoval G. , Barzilay R. , Tiech Fire N. , Sherf M. , John Mann J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveSuicide is the leading cause of death among Israeli youths but data on causes are scarce. This study used psychological autopsies of 70 Israeli school students who committed suicide during 2004–2011, attempting to determine the causes.MethodsFour narratives of the self were identified (qualitative analysis) and compared (quantitative analysis): (1) regressive: functioning and mood deteriorated continuously (45%); (2) tragic: doing well until rapid decline around suicidal crisis (20%); (3) unstable: peaks and crises throughout life (20%); and (4) stable: long lasting state of adverse living circumstances (15%). Functioning, mental disorders, stressful life events and substance abuse were examined.ResultsA representative profile of the suicide-completer emerged. Suicidality in the tragic narrative involved shorter crisis, fewer risk factors and less psychopathology than the other narratives, also better general functioning and better school performance. Though decrease in functioning was evident in all groups, in the tragic group it tended to be disregarded.ConclusionThis study presents an in-depth analysis of a unique suicide population of high school students. A combined methodology of qualitative and quantitative analyses reveals a distinct subpopulation of suicidal adolescents with little or no overt psychopathology that poses a challenge to suicide prevention strategies.
Novel psychoactive substances: An investigation of temporal trends in social media and electronic health records
Authors: Kolliakou A. , Ball M. , Derczynski L. , Chandran D. , Gkotsis G. , Deluca P. , Jackson R. , Shetty H. , Stewart R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundPublic health monitoring is commonly undertaken in social media but has never been combined with data analysis from electronic health records. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the emergence of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) in social media and their appearance in a large mental health database.MethodsInsufficient numbers of mentions of other NPS in case records meant that the study focused on mephedrone. Data were extracted on the number of mephedrone (i) references in the clinical record at the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK, (ii) mentions in Twitter, (iii) related searches in Google and (iv) visits in Wikipedia. The characteristics of current mephedrone users in the clinical record were also established.ResultsIncreased activity related to mephedrone searches in Google and visits in Wikipedia preceded a peak in mephedrone-related references in the clinical record followed by a spike in the other 3 data sources in early 2010, when mephedrone was assigned a ‘class B’ status. Features of current mephedrone users widely matched those from community studies.ConclusionsCombined analysis of information from social media and data from mental health records may assist public health and clinical surveillance for certain substance-related events of interest. There exists potential for early warning systems for health-care practitioners.
Systematic review of dementia prevalence and incidence in United States race/ethnic populations
Authors: Mehta Kala M. , Yeo Gwen W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo identify incidence and prevalence of dementia in racial and ethnic populations in the United States.MethodsA systematic review of literature.ResultsA total of 1215 studies were reviewed; 114 were included. Dementia prevalence rates reported for age 65+ years from a low of 6.3% in Japanese Americans, 12.9% in Caribbean Hispanic Americans, 12.2% in Guamanian Chamorro and ranged widely in African Americans from 7.2% to 20.9%. Dementia annual incidence for African American (mean = 2.6%; SD = 1%; range, 1.4%–5.5%) and Caribbean Hispanic populations were significantly higher (mean, 3.6%; SD, 1.2%; range, 2.3%–5.3%) than Mexican American and Japanese Americans and non‐Latino white populations (0.8%–2.7%), P < .001.ConclusionsData are needed for American Indian, most Asian, and Pacific Islander populations. Disaggregation of large race/ethnic classifications is warranted due to within‐population heterogeneity in incidence and prevalence. African American and Caribbean Hispanic studies showed higher incidence of dementia. A nationwide approach is needed to identify communities at high risk and to tailor culturally appropriate services accordingly.
The warmth of our regrets: Managing regret through physiological regulation and consumption
Authors: Rotman Jeff D. , Lee Seung Hwan (Mark) , Perkins Andrew W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis research suggests that experiencing action regret induces a change in psychological and physical warmth, motivating individuals to ameliorate that change via interaction with objects that are perceived to be physically or psychologically opposite in temperature. Experiment 1 revealed individuals experiencing action regret felt more self‐conscious emotions, and subsequently preferred cold (versus hot) drinks. Experiment 2 replicated this effect and ruled out arousal as a possible alternative explanation. Experiment 3 furthered this link by demonstrating that those feeling more self‐conscious emotions felt warmer and subsequently preferred cold (versus hot) drinks. Finally, experiment 4 found that advertisements manipulated for temperature (e.g., cold climate) mitigated the psychological effects of action regret. We interpret the results of these four studies within the emerging field of embodied cognition, which argues that our understanding of emotional concepts is grounded in, and can be influenced by, physical experiences.
Screening for Sexual Dysfunction by Medical Students
Authors: Alimena Stephanie , Lewis Judy 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Despite the widespread effects of sexual dysfunction on health, sexual problems are not routinely addressed by physicians. Attitudes toward sexual dysfunction screening have not yet been evaluated in medical students.

Aim
To evaluate the frequency of screening for sexual dysfunction by medical students, their attitudes toward screening, and factors that influence whether medical students discuss sexual problems with patients.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted by online questionnaire. Participants were U.S. medical student members of the American Medical Student Association.

Main Outcome Measures
Demographic information, frequency of screening for sexual problems at annual examinations, importance of screening, and screening practices of role models were assessed.

Results
In total 369 participants completed demographic information and additional questions (mean age = 26.5 ± 4.3 years, range = 21–52). Most students believed it was important to screen for sexual dysfunction (mean = 7.8 ± 2.0); however, 16.1% never screened patients. Importance and frequency of screening were correlated with how often the student's role model screened (r = 0.400, P &lt; .001; r = 0.582, P &lt; .001, respectively). Other significant relationships with screening importance were students interested in obstetrics and gynecology or urology (t = −2.166, P = .031), students earlier in their training (F = 3.608, P = .014), those who had observed a preceptor screen a patient (t = −2.298, P = .022), and those screened by their own clinician (t = −2.446, P = .015). Students reported increased screening frequency if they had observed any preceptor screen a patient (t = −7.678, P &lt; .001), believed that their medical school curriculum provided enough training in screening techniques (t = −3.281, P = .001), and had themselves been screened by a clinician (t = −4.557, P &lt; .001). There were no differences by age, sex, or religion.

Conclusion
Medical students do not routinely screen patients for sexual dysfunction despite believing it is in the physician's scope of practice. These results highlight the importance of role modeling and curriculum in increasing screening practices.
Determine of the optimal number of cycles of docetaxel in the treatment of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Shen Yuan‐Chi , Chiang Po‐Hui , Luo Hao‐Lun , Chuang Yao‐Chi , Chen Yen‐Ta , Kang Chih‐Hsiung , Hsu Chun‐Chien , Lee Wei‐Ching , Cheng Yuan‐Tso 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTo determine the optimal number of cycles of docetaxel for metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer, we retrospectively collected 73 patients receiving varying numbers of docetaxel plus prednisolone and analyzed the clinical outcomes including overall survival, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response, and adverse events. The study included 33 patients receiving ≤ 10 cycles of docetaxel and 40 patients receiving > 10 cycles. Patients receiving > 10 cycles were younger than those who received ≤ 10 cycles. There was no statistical significant difference in overall survival between the two groups (log‐rank test, p = 0.75). Adverse effects were more common among patients receiving ≥ 10 cycles of treatment. A PSA flare‐up was observed among six patients (8.2%); the median duration of the PSA surge was 3 weeks (range, 3–12 weeks). The overall survival rates in patients with PSA flare‐up were comparable with the patients having PSA response. We concluded that at least four cycles of docetaxel should be administered in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer patients in order not to cease treatment prematurely from potentially beneficial chemotherapy. However, administering > 10 cycles does not result in any further improvement in survival and is associated with more adverse effects.