bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical activity and hippocampal volume in young adults
Authors: Cherednichenko Anastasia , Miró-Padilla Anna , Adrián-Ventura Jesús , Monzonís-Carda Irene , Beltran-Valls Maria Reyes , Moliner-Urdiales Diego , Ávila César 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEvidence from previous studies suggests that physical activity (PA) may contribute to functional and structural changes in the hippocampus throughout the lifespan. However, there is limited evidence available regarding the young adult population. Additionally, the personality traits that may influence this association remain unclear. With a sample of 84 young adults (43 women; age 22.7 ± 2.8y; range 18–29), the main aim of the current study was to analyze the association between objective and self-reported measures of daily PA and hippocampus subfield gray matter volumes, and to examine the role of the personality trait of punishment sensitivity in this association. Our results showed that only moderate to vigorous levels of objectively measured PA were positively associated with the hippocampal CA2/CA3 volume. Moreover, punishment sensitivity correlated negatively with the objective measure of sedentarism and with self-reported measures of PA. However, regression analyses did not find any interaction between punishment sensitivity and PA in explaining individual differences in hippocampal volumes. Thus, our data suggest that intense PA may contribute to enhancing the hippocampal CA2/CA3 volume in young adults.
The role of 18FDG–PET imaging in VEXAS syndrome: a multicentric case series and a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Bixio Riccardo , Bindoli Sara , Morciano Andrea , Padoan Roberto , Aldegheri Federico , Mastropaolo Francesca , Bertoldo Eugenia , Rotta Denise , Appoloni Matteo , Orsolini Giovanni , Gatti Davide , Adami Giovanni , Viapiana Ombretta , Rossini Maurizio , Sfriso Paolo , Fassio Angelo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, and somatic) syndrome is characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations. Due to the inflammatory nature of this condition, 18-FDG–PET (18-fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography) might be used to diagnose and monitor the disease. However, no data are available about the most common findings of PET imaging in this disease. For this reason, we summarised all the available reports of patients with VEXAS who underwent at least one PET scan and described 8 additional patients’ PET from our centres. Overall, we described 35 patients’ PET findings. All patients were male, with a median age of 70 years. The most frequent hypermetabolic sites on PET scans were the bone marrow (77.1%), lymph nodes (35.3%), lungs (28.6%), spleen and large vessels (22.9%), and cartilage (20%). Six patients underwent a PET scan 2.7 ± 1.5 years before VEXAS diagnosis, showing nonspecific uptake in the bone marrow. Four patients had a follow-up PET scan, showing a decrease or a disappearance of the previously identified hypermetabolic areas. In conclusion, although no specific uptake site has been found for VEXAS syndrome, PET imaging could help detect inflammatory foci that are not clinically evident. In addition, high metabolic activity in bone marrow might precede the clinical onset of the disease, shedding light on the pathogenesis of VEXAS.
Rethinking Openness in Data Platforms: The Impact of Data Artifact Characteristics on Platform Openness
Authors: Ofe Hosea , de Reuver Mark 
Published: September 2024

AbstractData platforms enable actors to exchange personal and business data. While data is relevant for any digital platform, data platforms exclusively revolve around data artifacts. This paper argues that the specific characteristics of data artifacts challenge the authors’ understanding of platform openness. Specifically, it is argued that data artifacts are editable, interactive and distributable, which means that the consequences of opening up a data platform extend far beyond the focal platform and its context. From this, the study infers that the scope of platform openness extends beyond the data platform on which data artifacts originate. At the same time, the very nature of data artifacts afford new mechanisms to realize and reduce the risks of openness. New avenues are suggested to study platform openness in the realm of data platforms. These avenues include (1) exploring and incorporating novel consequences of platform openness in a data platform setting, (2) examining new arenas for defining openness beyond a focal platform’s confines, and (3) theorizing the implications of new mechanisms for realizing openness while maintaining apparent control over data artifacts.
Hypoflexid function in the “trenchant heel” of carnassial teeth, with comments on talonid evolution
Authors: Lang Andreas Johann , Martin Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe carnassial teeth of Carnivora and Dasyuromorphia are characterized by the enlargement of the carnassial blades and reduction of crushing structures. In some species, the highly carnassialized teeth exhibit a unicuspid talonid with only the hypoconid present (“trenchant heel”). This condition is similar to that seen in the molars of pretribosphenic cladotherians such as Dryolestida, with a single talonid cusp and hypoflexid groove. Tooth wear and reconstruction of the power stroke show that the hypoflexid of the trenchant heel occludes with the paracone of the distal upper antagonist, providing a cutting and guiding function during the power stroke, and maintaining a uniform inclination of the tooth movement up to the point of centric occlusion. In case of the Dasyuromorphia, this occlusal relationship is most pronounced between the distal molars (M4/m4), whereas in the Carnivora it occurs between the upper and lower mesial molars (M1/m1). The occurrence of distal hypoflexid-like grooves is a recurring trend in mammal evolution, before and after the evolution of tribosphenic molars with multicuspid talonid.
Evaluation of a host-protein signature score for differentiating between bacterial and viral infections: real-life evidence from a German tertiary hospital
Authors: Wagner Laura , Schneider Heike , Luppa Peter B. , Schröder Kathrin , Wantia Nina , Querbach Christiane , Jeske Samuel D. , Lahmer Tobias , Rothe Kathrin , Dibos Miriam , Voit Florian , Erber Johanna , Spinner Christoph D. , Schneider Jochen , Triebelhorn Julian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
A host-protein signature score, consisting of serum-concentrations of C-reactive protein, tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, and interferon gamma-induced protein 10, was validated for distinguishing between bacterial and viral infections as an antimicrobial stewardship measure for routine clinical practice among adult patients in a German tertiary hospital.

Methods
This single-centre, explorative study prospectively assessed the host-protein signature score, comparing it with serum procalcitonin (PCT) in patients with blood stream infections (BSI) and evaluating its efficacy in patients with viral infections against the standard of care (SOC) to assess the need for antibiotics due to suspected bacterial super/coinfection. Manufacturer-specified threshold scores were used to differentiate viral (< 35) and bacterial (> 65) infections.

Results
Ninety-seven patients (BSI [n = 56]; viral infections [n = 41]) were included. The score (cut-off score > 65) tended to detect BSI with higher sensitivity than did PCT (cut-off > 0.5 ng/mL) (87.5% vs. 76.6%). Three patients (5.4%) with BSI had a score < 35. One patient with BSI did not receive antibiotic treatment following SOC prior to positive blood culture results. Among patients with viral infections, 29 (70.7%) had scores > 65, indicating bacterial superinfections. Additionally, 11 patients (26.8%) had scores < 35, indicating no bacterial superinfections. In total, the antibiotic treatment discrepancy in the viral group between the SOC and a host-protein signature score guided approach was 2/41 patients (4.9%).

Conclusion
The score tended towards a higher sensitivity in detecting BSI than that with PCT. However, its impact on reducing antibiotic use in viral infections was minor compared with that of SOC.
Against all odds—Factors explaining unexpected educational advancement of students from educationally disadvantaged families
Authors: Floiger Madeleine , Entrich Steve R. , Lauterbach Wolfgang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the course of educational expansion the absolute educational opportunities of children from educationally disadvantaged families have gradually equalized. Nevertheless, the probability of significantly surpassing their parents’ educational level and thus bridging a large social-structural distance remains low for children from disadvantaged social classes. This work examines this “unexpected” educational advancement, i.e. intergenerational educational upward mobility over at least two educational degrees, of students whose parents possess no or at most the lowest secondary school degree focusing on school allocation in Germany.Combining a resource theoretical approach grounded in rational choice theory with insights from life course research, we ask which factors support children in achieving significantly higher school degrees than their parents (i.e. a school-leaving qualification that spans at least two educational levels). Hence, in view of a scarcity of resources of less advantaged students the current study asks which institutional (school), social (networks) and individual factors (personality traits) beyond the family generate academic resilience and thus enable these students to achieve unexpected upward mobility against all odds.For our analysis we use data from the German “LifE” study (1979–2024), a longitudinal life course and multigenerational study comprising data for individuals from age 12 to 57 and their parents and children. Results based on classic cross-tabulated mobility descriptives and stepwise logistic regressions show that a significant proportion of students from disadvantaged educational backgrounds (26.8%) achieve academic advancement that contradicts expectations. Attending high school creates an expected path dependency, which significantly predetermines the path to the Abitur, the highest German school leaving certificate providing admission to university. However, the students personal traits (intelligence, self-perceived aptitude) prove robust factors in the explanation of their unexpected educational success, helping them overcome a parental home situation that lacks education and other resources. For students without affiliation to a Gymnasium, however, grades and gender are more important than for students at a Gymnasium.
Freedom in Business: Elizabeth Anderson, Adam Smith, and the Effects of Dominance in Business
Authors: Robson Gregory , Otteson James R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElizabeth Anderson claims that the prevailing culture of business is one of domination. “Most workplace governments in the United States are dictatorships, in which bosses. . don’t merely govern workers; they dominate them” (2017, p. xxii; italics in the original). If this diagnosis is correct, then the culture of business poses a significant threat to human liberty, as each year millions of people in the employ of businesses spend hundreds or thousands of hours on the job. This essay provides a further argument supporting Anderson’s analysis, by extending her treatment of Adam Smith and drawing on his claim about the potentially mind-numbing effects on workers of extreme division of labor. Smith’s analysis, though consistent with Anderson’s, implies that the problem is more worrisome than she allows, and accordingly that Anderson’s own remedy might be insufficient. Our Anderson/Smith argument suggests that worker unfreedom might warrant more aggressive institutional remedy.
Reactive formation of C3N4 as a by-product of AISI 1070 parts produced by laser powder bed fusion in N2 atmosphere
Authors: Gatto Andrea , Tognoli Emanuele , Groppo Riccardo , Cabibbo Marcello , Gatto Maria Laura , Sabbatini Simona , Mengucci Paolo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn metal additive manufacturing (AM), inert gases are traditionally used to achieve a controlled atmosphere and mitigate the effects of residual reactive gases. However, the interaction between gases and laser processes, particularly in reactive laser powder bed fusion (RL-PBF) technology, offers the possibility of opening up new avenues for material synthesis. In this experimental work, the authors observed the presence of C3N4 in the residual powder during the manufacture of AISI 1070 steel parts by L-PBF, indicating a reactive process occurred during parts production. This investigation revealed the formation in the working chamber of a waste product containing C3N4 carbon nitride, due to the reaction between the carbon released from the steel and the nitrogen in the chamber. Remarkably, despite carbon depletion, the final product of AISI 1070 steel complies with the specifications of use. Hence, the L-PBF machine was modified to allow black powder sampling from various locations in the chamber. Authors attempted to enhance the production of the C3N4 material by increasing the SED up to 7143 J/mm2 to sublimate a pure graphite rod and concurrently manufacture parts in AISI 1070, in a nitrogen atmosphere. The results obtained at higher SED values showed that in both cases (graphite rod or AISI 1070 steel) a C3N4 compound in the black powder is formed in the investigated atmosphere by reaction of nitrogen atoms with the carbon atoms vaporized by the laser beam. Thus, the study highlights the novel achievement of synthesizing carbon nitride as a high-value by-product while producing functional AISI 1070 steel parts via L-PBF through reaction with nitrogen atmosphere.
Proximal Fibulectomy for Giant Cell Tumours: What Works!
Authors: Prajapati Ashwin , Tadala Harsha S. S. , Gulia Ashish , Puri Ajay 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) is the most common primary tumor of proximal fibula. Because of its close proximity to vascular structures, common peroneal nerve (CPN) and attachment of lateral collateral ligament (LCL), proximal fibulectomy poses unique challenges. We analyzed oncological and functional outcome of patients who underwent proximal fibulectomy for GCTB of proximal fibula.

Material and methods
Between January 2006 and December 2020, 23 patients underwent proximal fibulectomy for GCTB of proximal fibula, four were recurrent tumors. Mean resection length was 9 cm (5 to 15 cm). The LCL and biceps tendon were not reconstructed in 22 cases. The common peroneal nerve was sacrificed in seven patients including three recurrent cases. Functional status was assessed using the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society (MSTS) scoring system.

Results
There were two vascular complications and one infection. With 4 patients lost to follow up, mean follow up was 90 months (12 to 197). No patient had local or distant recurrence. Mean MSTS score was 26 (21 to 30). Eleven of 23 patients (48%) had loss of common peroneal nerve function with poorer functional outcome. No patient had symptoms suggestive of knee instability.

Conclusion
Proximal fibulectomy is oncologically safe. Reconstruction of the LCL attachment is not mandatory and patients do not have symptomatic knee instability. Functional outcomes are compromised after sacrifice of common peroneal nerve and may be potentially improved with tendon transfers at index surgery.
Bridging Implementation Science and Human-Centered Design: Developing Tailored Interventions for Healthier Eating in Restaurants
Authors: Fuster Melissa , Hipol Shelby , Huang Terry TK , Colón-Ramos Uriyoán , Conaboy Cara , Abreu Rosa , Mortillaro Lourdes Castro , Handley Margaret A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRestaurants are important institutions in the communities’ economy with the potential to promote healthier foods but have been under-engaged in public health nutrition efforts. In particular, independently owned, minority-serving and minority-owned restaurants, remain under-represented in nutrition promotion efforts despite disproportionate burdens of diet-related health outcomes among minority populations. Addressing this gap in engagement, we undertook a process of co-designing and implementing healthy eating-focused interventions in two Latin American restaurants in New York City, combining the Behavior Change Wheel intervention development framework with a Human-Centered Design approach. Restaurant owners and chefs were involved in the research synthesis and solution development processes, resulting in two tailored interventions. This paper describes this co-development process and offers reflections and lessons regarding: (1) implementation research in community settings, (2) the application of Human-Centered Design to promote the uptake of community-based interventions on food and health equity, and (3) the combined use of Human-Centered Design and Implementation science in these complex community settings.
Predictors of university students’ intentions to enroll in computer programming courses: a mixed-method investigation
Authors: Zheng Jiali , Duffy Melissa , Zhu Ge 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStudents in technology majors such as Computer Science and Information Technology need to take a series of computer programming courses to graduate. Yet, not all students will persist in taking programming courses as required, and little is known about the factors influencing their enrollment intentions. Research is needed to better understand which factors predict students’ enrollment intentions for programming courses. Based on Expectancy-Value Theory, we surveyed three hundred university students in China to measure their intentions of enrolling in future programming courses and factors influencing their enrollment intentions. Mediated Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes models were run to identify the relationships between these factors and enrollment intentions. Expectancies, intrinsic value, attainment value, and utility value of the courses directly predict enrollment intentions. Peer comparison, quality of teaching, and programming experiences were found to influence enrollment intentions through expectancies and values indirectly. No gender difference was found in expectancies and enrollment intentions. Qualitative data analysis confirmed the findings from the quantitative data analysis and further revealed that course difficulty is another major factor influencing enrollment intentions. These findings have implications for supporting students' expectancies and values in computer programming and curriculum design.
Estimating prevented planting coverage factor variation
Authors: Boyer Christopher N. , Park Eunchun , Hellwinckel Chad , Smith S. Aaron , Maples William , Perez-Quesada Gabriela 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrevented planting payments reimburse crop producers for losses from not being able to plant. These payments provide critical protection to producers; however, these payments, which are determined using a nationwide, crop-specific coverage factor, have been questioned to induce moral hazard. Depending on the region and crop insurance coverage, payments from this provision exceed producers’ losses. This paper estimates the prevented planting coverage factor by coverage level and region that would equitably reimburse corn and soybean producers for their losses. We find the prevented planting coverage factor has significant variation across coverage levels and location within our study region. The prevented planting coverage factor was found to decline as the policy coverage level increases. The further north in the study region the higher the coverage factor, likely due to increased land rent expenses. The results provide a unique perspective of how these coverage factors would vary to equitably compensate producers for losses, which addresses the moral hazard concerns with prevented planting.
Situations predisposing primary care patients to use antibiotics without a prescription in the United States
Authors: Laytner Lindsey A. , Trautner Barbara W. , Nash Susan , Faustinella Fabrizia , Zoorob Roger , Olmeda Kiara , Paasche-Orlow Michael K. , Grigoryan Larissa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground:Patients’ situations can impact their intentions to use antibiotics without medical guidance (non-prescription use) in the future. This survey determines the prevalence of intended (future) use of non-prescription antibiotics for 13 predefined situations and identifies the sociodemographic characteristics associated with intended use for these types of situations.Methods:Patient surveys (N = 564) were conducted from January 2020 to June 2021 in the waiting rooms of 6 safety-net primary care clinics and 2 emergency departments in a private healthcare system. We used principal component analysis to identify 3 situational summary factors: barriers to a doctor visit, accessibility of non-prescription antibiotics, and previous symptom relief with antibiotics. Multivariate linear regression identified the sociodemographic predictors associated with each summary factor.Results:The most common situations triggering patients to use non-prescription antibiotics were a perceived high cost of doctor visits (29.8%), having leftover prescription antibiotics (50.4%), and experiencing symptom relief with prior use of antibiotics (47.5%). Multivariate regression results revealed that younger patients (P< 0.04) and patients attending the safety-net health system (P< 0.001) had more intended use of non-prescription antibiotics for all 3 summary factors.Conclusions:Future stewardship interventions should consider the types of situations that drive patients’ decisions to use antibiotics without a prescription. Interventions aimed at reducing barriers to health care (eg, high costs and long waits associated with doctor appointments) and educating individuals on medically appropriate, nonantibiotic treatment options may reduce antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance.
Detecting suicide risk among U.S. servicemembers and veterans: a deep learning approach using social media data
Authors: Zuromski Kelly L. , Low Daniel M. , Jones Noah C. , Kuzma Richard , Kessler Daniel , Zhou Liutong , Kastman Erik K. , Epstein Jonathan , Madden Carlos , Ghosh Satrajit S. , Gowel David , Nock Matthew K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMilitary Servicemembers and Veterans are at elevated risk for suicide, but rarely self-identify to their leaders or clinicians regarding their experience of suicidal thoughts. We developed an algorithm to identify posts containing suicide-related content on a military-specific social media platform.MethodsPublicly-shared social media posts (n = 8449) from a military-specific social media platform were reviewed and labeled by our team for the presence/absence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors and used to train several machine learning models to identify such posts.ResultsThe best performing model was a deep learning (RoBERTa) model that incorporated post text and metadata and detected the presence of suicidal posts with relatively high sensitivity (0.85), specificity (0.96), precision (0.64), F1 score (0.73), and an area under the precision-recall curve of 0.84. Compared to non-suicidal posts, suicidal posts were more likely to contain explicit mentions of suicide, descriptions of risk factors (e.g. depression, PTSD) and help-seeking, and first-person singular pronouns.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the feasibility and potential promise of using social media posts to identify at-risk Servicemembers and Veterans. Future work will use this approach to deliver targeted interventions to social media users at risk for suicide.