bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental validation of in silico estimated biomass yields of Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Hintermayer Sarah Beate , Weuster‐Botz Dirk 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPseudomonas putida is rapidly becoming a microbial cell platform for biotechnological applications. In order to understand genotype‐phenotype relationships genome scale models represent helpful tools. However, the validation of in silico predictions of genome scale models is a task that is rarely performed. In this study the theoretical biomass yields of Pseudomonas putida KT2440 were estimated for 57 different carbon sources based on a genome scale stoichiometric model applying flux balance analysis. The batch growth of P. putida KT2440 with six individual carbon sources covering the range of maximal to minimal in silico biomass yields (acetate, glycerol, citrate, succinate, malate and methanol, respectively) was studied in a defined mineral medium in a fully controlled stirred‐tank bioreactor on a 3 L scale. The highest growth rate of P. putida KT2440 was measured with succinate as carbon source (0.51 h−1). Among the 57 carbon sources tested, glycerol resulted in the highest estimated biomass yield (0.61 molCBiomass molC−1Glycerol) which was experimentally confirmed. The comparison of experimental determined biomass yields with a modified version of the model iJP815 showed deviations of only up to 10%. The experimental data generated in this study can also be used in future studies to further improve the genome scale models of P. putida KT2440. Improved models will then help to gain deeper insights in genotype‐phenotype relationships.
Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae fatty acid composition for increased tolerance to octanoic acid
Authors: Besada‐Lombana Pamela B. , Fernandez‐Moya Ruben , Fenster Jacob , Da Silva Nancy A. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBiorenewable chemicals such as short and medium chain fatty acids enable functional or direct substitution of petroleum‐derived building blocks, allowing reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gases while meeting market needs of high‐demand products like aliphatic alcohols and alpha olefins. However, producing these fatty acids in microorganisms can be challenging due to toxicity issues. Octanoic acid (C8) can disrupt the integrity of the cell membrane in yeast, and exogenous supplementation of oleic acid has been shown to help alleviate this. We recently engineered the Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzyme acetyl‐CoA carboxylase by replacing serine residue 1157 with alanine to prevent deactivation by phosphorylation. Expression of Acc1S1157A in S. cerevisiae resulted in an increase in total fatty acid production, with the largest increase for oleic acid. In this study, we evaluated the effect of this modified lipid profile on C8 toxicity to the yeast. Expression of Acc1S1157A in S. cerevisiae BY4741 increased the percentage of oleic acid 3.1‐ and 1.6‐fold in the absence and presence of octanoic acid challenge, respectively. Following exposure to 0.9 mM of C8 for 24 h, the engineered yeast had a 10‐fold higher cell density relative to the baseline strain. Moreover, overexpressing Acc1S1157A allowed survival at C8 concentrations that were lethal for the baseline strain. This marked reduction of toxicity was shown to be due to higher membrane integrity as an 11‐fold decrease in leakage of intracellular magnesium was observed. Due to the increase in oleic acid, this approach has the potential to reduce toxicity of other valuable bioproducts such as shorter chain aliphatic acids and alcohols and other membrane stressors. In an initial screen, increased resistance to n‐butanol, 2‐propanol, and hexanoic acid was demonstrated with cell densities 3.2‐, 1.8‐, and 29‐fold higher than the baseline strain, respectively. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1531–1538. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Meta-analysis of biomarkers predicting risk of malignant progression in Barrett's oesophagus
Authors: Altaf K , Xiong J-J , De la Iglesia D , Hickey L , Kaul A 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
Barrett's oesophagus is a precursor to the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma. This study sought to clarify the role of genetic, chromosomal and proliferation biomarkers that have been the subjects of multiple studies through meta-analysis.

Methods
MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed and the Cochrane Library were searched for clinical studies assessing the value of p53, p16, Ki-67 and DNA content abnormalities in Barrett's oesophagus. The main outcome measure was the risk of development of high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Results
Some 102 studies, with 12 353 samples, were identified. Mutation (diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) 10·91, sensitivity 47 per cent, specificity 92 per cent, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) 4·71, negative likelihood ratio (NLR) 0·65, area under the curve (AUC) 0·792) and loss (DOR 16·16, sensitivity 31 per cent, specificity 98 per cent, PLR 6·66, NLR 0·41, AUC 0·923) of p53 were found to be superior to the other p53 abnormalities (loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and overexpression). Ki-67 had high sensitivity in identifying high-risk patients (DOR 5·54, sensitivity 82 per cent, specificity 48 per cent, PLR 1·59, NLR 0·42, AUC 0·761). Aneuploidy (DOR 12·08, sensitivity 53 per cent, specificity 87 per cent, PLR 4·26, NLR 0·42, AUC 0·846), tetraploidy (DOR 5·87, sensitivity 46 per cent, specificity 85 per cent, PLR 3·47, NLR 0·65, AUC 0·793) and loss of Y chromosome (DOR 9·23, sensitivity 68 per cent, specificity 80 per cent, PLR 2·67, NLR 0·49, AUC 0·807) also predicted malignant development, but p16 aberrations (hypermethylation, LOH, mutation and loss) failed to demonstrate any advantage over the other biomarkers studied.

Conclusion
Loss and mutation of p53, and raised level of Ki-67 predicted malignant progression in Barrett's oesophagus.
Non-technical skills of surgical trainees and experienced surgeons
Authors: Gostlow H , Marlow N , Thomas M J W , Hewett P J , Kiermeier A , Babidge W , Altree M , Pena G , Maddern G 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Background
In addition to technical expertise, surgical competence requires effective non-technical skills to ensure patient safety and maintenance of standards. Recently the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons implemented a new Surgical Education and Training (SET) curriculum that incorporated non-technical skills considered essential for a competent surgeon. This study sought to compare the non-technical skills of experienced surgeons who completed their training before the introduction of SET with the non-technical skills of more recent trainees.

Methods
Surgical trainees and experienced surgeons undertook a simulated scenario designed to challenge their non-technical skills. Scenarios were video recorded and participants were assessed using the Non-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS) scoring system. Participants were divided into subgroups according to years of experience and their NOTSS scores were compared.

Results
For most NOTSS elements, mean scores increased initially, peaking around the time of Fellowship, before decreasing roughly linearly over time. There was a significant downward trend in score with increasing years since being awarded Fellowship for six of the 12 NOTSS elements: considering options (score −0·015 units per year), implementing and reviewing decisions (−0·020 per year), establishing a shared understanding (−0·014 per year), setting and maintaining standards (−0·024 per year), supporting others (−0·031 per year) and coping with pressure (−0·015 per year).

Conclusion
The drop in NOTSS score was unexpected and highlights that even experienced surgeons are not immune to deficiencies in non-technical skills. Consideration should be given to continuing professional development programmes focusing on non-technical skills, regardless of the level of professional experience.
A teaching–learning tool for elementary psychrometric processes on psychrometric chart using MATLAB
Authors: Gupta Pankaj Kumar , Patel R. N. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA teaching–learning tool for elementary psychrometric processes on psychrometric chart is developed using MATLAB. First, coding was done in MATLAB to represent the psychrometric chart showing various properties. Secondly, calculations for obtaining various psychrometric parameters of air–water vapor mixture given any two input parameters were coded. Graphical user interface (GUI) was created for user input while the various elementary psychrometric processes are output on psychrometric chart prepared using MATLAB. The software tool was thoroughly validated against results in open literature. Students in different groups were taught basics of Psychrometry with different teaching approaches. Student group exposed to teaching with the developed tool performed much better than other groups. Students’ response in a survey revealed that the MATLAB‐based teaching–learning tool increased students’ performance significantly over the conventional approach. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 25:458–467, 2017; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21813
Antenatal gastrointestinal anomalies in neonates subsequently found to have alveolar capillary dysplasia
Authors: Goel Dimple , Oei Ju Lee , Lui Kei , Ward Meredith , Shand Antonia W. , Mowat David , Gifford Andrew J. , Loo Christine 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageAlveolar capillary dysplasia (ACD) is a rare condition with variable presentation and clinical course. Clinicians should consider this diagnosis in neonates presenting with nonlethal congenital gastrointestinal malformation, a period of well‐being after birth then unremitting hypoxemia and refractory pulmonary hypertension. Lung biopsy and FOXF1 gene testing may help in diagnosis.
Modulating Properties of Pure ZrO2 for Structure–activity Relationships in Acid‐base Catalysis: Contribution of the Alginate Preparation Route
Authors: Wan Elodie , Travert Arnaud , Quignard Françoise , Tichit Didier , Tanchoux Nathalie , Petitjean Hugo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractStructure–activity relationships in heterogeneous catalysis demand the development of original preparation routes to create catalyst sets with extended surface properties. Pure zirconia is a bifunctional catalyst which shows a high versatility in acid‐base catalysis. The present work aims to synthesize a set of zirconia catalysts with various acid–base reactivities. It proposes a new route to prepare pure zirconia using sodium alginate, a low‐cost biosourced polymer. This zirconia phase is compared to samples obtained from two more conventional preparation routes, precipitation and sol‐gel. Upon calcination (500–900 °C), the alginate‐derived zirconia maintains a high specific area, which can be explained by the high dispersion of the zirconyl species in the ionogel precursor. Moreover, the three types of catalysts have distinct acid–base properties, as shown by CO2 adsorption and catalysis (methylbutynol model reaction). The alginate‐derived ZrO2 has a higher and more stable amphoteric reactivity than the phases obtained by precipitation and sol‐gel, which can be rationalized by a higher level of Lewis acid‐base pairs.
Electrochemistry of Methylated N‐Confused Free‐Base Tetraarylporphyrins in Nonaqueous Media
Authors: Wang Wenda , Ou Zhongping , Chen Minyuan , Zhang Ying , Fang Yuanyuan , Kadish Karl M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFour methylated N‐confused free‐base tetraarylporphyrins, which are represented as N‐CH3(Ar)4NcpH2 (Ar =CH3OPh, CH3Ph, Ph or ClPh), were synthesized and characterized in terms of their spectral and electrochemical properties in nonaqueous media. The first one‐electron oxidation of each porphyrin is reversible and located at E1/2=0.51–0.71 V, whereas the first one‐electron reduction is quasi‐reversible and located between −0.98 and −1.11 V vs. SCE. The electrochemically measured HOMO−LUMO gap ranged from 1.62 to 1.73 V, depending upon the solvent and meso‐substituents on the macrocycle, and this range of values is similar to the HOMO−LUMO gaps of both the non‐methylated N‐confused porphyrins, (Ar)4NcpH2 (1.60–1.68 V), and the nitrated N‐confused porphyrins, NO2(Ar)4NcpH2 (1.58–1.68 V). The effect of the N‐methyl group on UV/Vis spectra and reduction/oxidation potentials as well as the mechanisms of electron transfer are discussed, and comparisons made with data in the literature for both the non‐methylated N‐confused porphyrins and related N‐confused porphyrins having the same meso‐substituents and an inner nitro‐substituted carbon atom.
Highly Efficient Bulky α‐Diimine Palladium Complexes for Suzuki‐Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Huo Ping , Li Jingbo , Liu Wanyun , Mei Guangquan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA series of bulky 9,10‐dihydro‐9,10‐ethanoanthracene‐11,12‐diimine methyl palladium chloride complexes (C1—C6) with different steric and electronic substituent have been applied in Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions. The influence of these substituents was investigated by comparing the catalytic performance of the complexes in the cross‐coupling reactions and it can be found that the complex with bulky and electron‐donating substituent is facilitated for the cross‐coupling reaction of aryl halides with arylboronic acids under ambient atmosphere. The most active complex shows a wide substrate scope in excellent yields using very low catalyst concentration of 0.01 mol%.
Cytochrome P450 Enzyme‐Copper Phosphate Hybrid Nano‐Flowers with Superior Catalytic Performances for Selective Oxidation of Sulfides
Authors: He Xiaohui , Chen Long , He Qian , Xiao Huajian , Zhou Xiantai , Ji Hongbing 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCytochrome P450 enzyme‐copper phosphate hybrid materials with flower‐like shape were prepared with a simple but efficient coprecipitation method. The growth process of the hybrid flowers can be divided into three successive steps: coordination/nucleation, growth, and further ripen. The concentration of enzymes in the mother liquor exerted great influence on the morphology and surface enzyme content of the nano‐composites. The catalytic performance in the reaction of selective oxidation of sulfide to sulfoxide was also investigated. The hybrid flowers exhibited superior catalytic performance: satisfied thioanisole conversion and selectivity to methyl phenyl sulfoxide (both above 97%) with H2O2 as oxidant under mild reaction conditions, excellent stability and recyclability, and wide scope of substrates. Such results indicate that the hybrid materials are potentially good candidates in the industrial enzyme catalysis.
Synthesis and Opioid Activity of Tyr1‐ψ[(Z)CF=CH]‐Gly2 and Tyr1‐ψ[(S)/(R)‐CF3CH‐NH]‐Gly2 Leu‐enkephalin Fluorinated Peptidomimetics
Authors: Karad Somnath Narayan , Pal Mohan , Crowley Rachel S. , Prisinzano Thomas E. , Altman Ryan A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe describe the design, synthesis, and opioid activity of fluoroalkene (Tyr1‐ψ[(Z)CF=CH]‐Gly2) and trifluoroethylamine (Tyr1‐ψ[(S)/(R)‐CF3CH‐NH]‐Gly2) analogues of the endogenous opioid neuropeptide, Leu‐enkephalin. The fluoroalkene peptidomimetic exhibited low nanomolar functional activity (5.0±2 nm and 60±15 nm for δ‐ and μ‐opioid receptors, respectively) with a μ/δ‐selectivity ratio that mimics that of the natural peptide. However, the trifluoroethylamine peptidomimetics, irrespective of stereochemistry, did not activate the opioid receptors, which suggest that bulky CF3 substituents are not tolerated at this position.
Genetic alterations in TRAF3 and CYLD that regulate nuclear factor κB and interferon signaling define head and neck cancer subsets harboring human papillomavirus
Authors: Chen Tony , Zhang Jialing , Chen Zhong , Van Waes Carter 
Published: March 2017

Recent genomic studies of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma by The Cancer Genome Atlas as well as other groups identified deletions or mutations in tumor necrosis factor receptor‐associated factor 3 (TRAF3) and cylindromatosis lysine 63 deubiquitinase (CYLD) that previously were implicated in nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) and antiviral interferon responses. In this issue, Hajek et al find genomic alterations in TRAF3/CYLD define distinct subsets of human papillomavirus‐positive head and neck squamous cell carcinomas with associated activation of transcription factor NF‐κB, episomal human papillomavirus infection of tumors, and improved patient survival.See also pages 1778‐90.
Comparative analysis of monoaminergic cerebrospinal fluid‐contacting cells in Osteichthyes (bony vertebrates)
Authors: Xavier Anna L. , Fontaine Romain , Bloch Solal , Affaticati Pierre , Jenett Arnim , Demarque Michaël , Vernier Philippe , Yamamoto Kei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid‐contacting (CSF‐c) cells containing monoamines such as dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5‐HT) occur in the periventricular zones of the hypothalamic region of most vertebrates except for placental mammals. Here we compare the organization of the CSF‐c cells in chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish, by analyzing the expression of synthetic enzymes of DA and 5‐HT, respectively, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and draw an evolutionary scenario for this cell population. Due to the lack of TH immunoreactivity in this region, the hypothalamic CSF‐c cells have been thought to take up DA from the ventricle instead of synthesizing it. We demonstrate that a second TH gene (TH2) is expressed in the CSF‐c cells of all the three species, suggesting that these cells do indeed synthetize DA. Furthermore, we found that many CSF‐c cells coexpress TH2 and TPH1 and contain both DA and 5‐HT, a dual neurotransmitter phenotype hitherto undescribed in the brain of any vertebrate. The similarities of CSF‐c cells in chicken, Xenopus, and zebrafish suggest that these characteristics are inherited from the common ancestor of the Osteichthyes. A significant difference between tetrapods and teleosts is that teleosts possess an additional CSF‐c cell population around the posterior recess (PR) that has emerged in specific groups of Actinopterygii. Our comparative analysis reveals that the hypothalamus in mammals and teleosts has evolved in a divergent manner: placental mammals have lost the monoaminergic CSF‐c cells, while teleosts have increased their relative number.
Effect of cerebrospinal fluid modeling on spherically convergent shear waves during blunt head trauma
Authors: Madhukar Amit , Chen Ying , Ostoja‐Starzewski Martin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe MRI‐based computational model, previously validated by tagged MRI and harmonic phase imaging analysis technique on in vivo human brain deformation, is used to study transient wave dynamics during blunt head trauma. Three different constitutive models are used for the cerebrospinal fluid: incompressible solid elastic, viscoelastic, and fluid‐like elastic using an equation of state model. Three impact cases are simulated, which indicate that the blunt impacts give rise not only to a fast pressure wave but also to a slow, and potentially much more damaging, shear (distortional) wave that converges spherically towards the brain center. The wave amplification due to spherical geometry is balanced by damping due to tissues' viscoelasticity and the heterogeneous brain structure, suggesting a stochastic competition of these 2 opposite effects. It is observed that this convergent shear wave is dependent on the constitutive property of the cerebrospinal fluid, whereas the peak pressure is not as significantly affected.
Supramolecular Assembly of 1D Pristine Carbon Nanotubes and 2D Graphene Oxides into Macroscopic All‐Carbon Hybrid Sponges for High‐Energy‐Density Supercapacitors
Authors: Wan Kening , Liu Siliang , Zhang Chao , Li Le , Zhao Zhe , Liu Tianxi , Xie Yi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe rational design and targeted synthesis of macroscopic and ultralight all‐carbon sponges with satisfying electron/proton conductivity through a simple and environmentally friendly approach is challenging. Herein, three‐dimensional carbon nanotube‐graphene oxide (CNT‐GO) hybrid hydrogels have been constructed by the gelation of an aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) induced by pristine carbon nanotubes (CNTs) without any additives or other crosslinkers. Upon reduction of CNT‐GO hydrogels and removal of water by freeze‐drying, the resulting carbon nanotube‐graphene (CNT‐G) aerogels exhibit a unique all‐carbon continuous framework with a hierarchical porosity that allows high‐rate transport of electrolyte ions and electrons throughout the electrode matrix. As a result, they show high specific energy (31.3 Wh kg−1), high specific capacitance with excellent rate performance (≈71 % retention at 10 A g−1) and cycling stability (≈100 % retention at 10 A g−1 for 5000 cycles) in two electrode systems, and thus great potential as promising electrode materials for next‐generation supercapacitors.
Solid Confinement of Quantum Dots in ZIF‐8 for Efficient and Stable Color‐Conversion White LEDs
Authors: Ying Wen , Mao Yiyin , Wang Xiaobing , Guo Yi , He Haiping , Ye Zhizhen , Lee Shuit‐Tong , Peng Xinsheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe powder form and low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of fluorescent metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) present a serious obstacle to fabricating high‐efficiency film‐like lighting devices. Here, we present a facile way to produce thin films of CdSexS1−x/ZnS quantum dots (QDs)@ZIF‐8 with high PLQY by encapsulating red, green, and blue CdSexS1−x/ZnS QDs in ZIF‐8 through a one‐pot solid‐confinement conversion process. The QDs@ZIF‐8 thin film emits warm white light with good color quality and presents good thermal stability and long‐term durability.
Three‐dimensional intracellular transport in neuron bodies and neurites investigated by label‐free dispersion‐relation phase spectroscopy
Authors: Kandel Mikhail E. , Fernandes Daniel , Taylor Alison M. , Shakir Haadi , Best‐Popescu Catherine , Popescu Gabriel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDue to the limitations of fluorescence imaging techniques, the study of intracellular cargo is typically restricted to two‐dimensional analyses. To overcome low light levels and the risk of phototoxicity, we employ quantitative phase imaging, a family of full‐field imaging techniques that measure the optical path length shift introduced by the specimen. Specifically, we use spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) to study the transport of mass in whole tomographic volumes and show that a time‐correlation technique, dispersion‐relation phase spectroscopy (DPS), can be used to simultaneously assay the horizontal and vertical traffic of mass through a cell. To validate our method, we compare the traffic inside cell bodies and neuronal extensions, showing that the vertical transport of mass may prove a more sensitive and interesting metric than similar measurements limited to a 2D, horizontal plane. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry