bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Peinture Libre, Therapeutique Pour Enfants
Authors: Plante Gilles , Cote Helene , Saint-Jean Micheline , Pilic Ivanka 
Published: April 2017

Inspired by the work of A. Stern and to make maximum use of our meagre resources, we decided to experiment with free painting exercises as a therapeutic tool for children of a deprived milieu. In a first experiment, we selected a group of children in regular school who were considered inhibited. After psychiatric and social evaluations, we discovered variable degrees of depression. At the end of the experience of free painting, the depressed traits had disappeared and the children had become more alert and bright. This result encourages us to press on with overtly depressed children coming to the clinic for treatment. The evaluations were made in the same way as in the first experiment and the sessions of free painting were conducted also in the same way. The results were weak as for the emotional aspect but more positive as for their school functioning. We believe that free painting may be useful and profitable as a diagnostic aide for a better therapeutic orientation and to avoid long waiting lists.
Hare Krishna Movement: What Attracts the Western Adolescent?
Authors: Kutty Ittamveetil N. , Froese Arthur P. , Rae-Grant Quentin A.F. 
Published: April 2017

Summary The HKM is but one of the many Eastern religious beliefs imported into the West. However, because of the way it is practised, it is the one which confronts North American values most directly. It is an offshoot of Hinduism and comprises a wide diversity of beliefs. It attracts many Western youths, much to the anguish of their parents and community leaders. Those who look at the HKM from a Western cultural point of view argue passionately with those who believe in it. The authors, one of whom (I.N.K.) has cultural roots in Hinduism and Western training in child psychiatry, attempt to look at this phenomenon dispassionately and analyze some of the relevant factors which attract Western youth to this culturally alien religion. A brief historical sketch of the HKM is given followed by an account of the significance of religion from a psychoanalytical perspective. The case history of a 15 year old adolescent male is presented and discussed in psychodynamic terms followed by an attempt to understand his attraction to the HKM. The manner in which the HKM met the needs of this adolescent may have implications for the management and understanding of similar cases, especially when professional interventions do not bring about the desired results of solving rather than just suppressing the intense and painful conflicts of development in adolescence.
A Combined Approach to a Medical Problem: The Canadian Back Education Unit
Authors: Robinson G. Erlick 
Published: April 2017

The Canadian Back Education Unit represents a team approach to a medical problem. Orthopedic surgeons, psychiatrists, psychologists and physiotherapists give a course of four lectures to patients with low back pain. The patients are taught the anatomy and physiology of their pain, proper postures and exercise, the way in which emotions can complicate their physical problem, and relaxation techniques. Of 934 completing the six-month review course, 77% rated themselves as improved and 96% felt the course had been helpful. There was also found to be a 62% decrease in the number of patients seeing doctors about their back pain. It is felt that this is a method by which psychiatrists, orthopedic surgeons and paramedical personnel are able to work together to provide an effective and cost-efficient way of helping patients cope with a chronic physical problem.
Electrosleep Therapy: A Controlled Study of its Effects in Anxiety Neurosis
Authors: Von Richthofen C.L. , Mellor C.S. 
Published: April 2017

This study has investigated the effects of electrosleep treatment, or cerebral electrotherapy (CET) on the symptoms of ten subjects with anxiety neurosis. A blind crossover experimental design, in which subjects received five consecutive days of active and five days of placebo treatment was employed, the order being counterbalanced. The subjects’ experience of CET, particularly with regard to cutaneous sensation, was identical for both treatment conditions. Anxiety levels were determined pre- and post-treatment using daily psychological and physiological measures. Weekly symptom measures were also obtained before and after each type of treatment and one week and four weeks after the treatment terminated. The results showed a statistically significant overall improvement in the levels of anxiety, but no difference between placebo and active treatment. Nor was there any significant difference between these two treatment conditions in their effect upon physiological measures made while treatment was in process. There was a post hoc finding of a significant correlation between the overall response to this procedure and extraversion as measured by the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI). The implications of these findings are that the therapeutic effectiveness of CET is attributable to non-specific or placebo components of the treatment, and not to the direct effects of electrical current on the brain.
A Parents’ Group in the Management of Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Rose Julia , Garfinkel Paul E. 
Published: April 2017

Recent reports have suggested that family therapy is useful in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. There are, however, recognized contraindications to family therapy. As we were seeing patients with anorexia nervosa for whom family therapy was not possible, we predicted that the formation of a group for the parents would provide benefit through education, support and insight. The present study was designed to develop and evaluate such a group. We selected parents of ten anorectic patients for whom family therapy was contraindicated. There were two therapists, the unit social worker and a former patient who had successfully overcome the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. After an 18-month period, the ten couples were sent anonymous questionnaires assessing the group's value. Six indicated positive feelings about the group and felt they had benefited. One couple reported dissatisfaction. Most perceived the group as an important part of the overall treatment.
The Psychiatric Training of Medical Students
Authors: Voineskos G. , Greben S.E. , Lowy F.H. , Smith R.L. , Steinhauer P.D. 
Published: April 2017

Undergraduate psychiatric education should be concerned mostly with those aspects of psychiatry required for the proper practice of medicine. Psychiatric concepts and techniques are applicable to all medical practice and relevant to the daily work of every physician or surgeon. Therefore, in the psychiatric training of medical students the focus should be primarily on teaching “psychiatry of medical practice” and much less on teaching “specialty psychiatry. “ The teaching of psychiatry for medical practice will be best accomplished by selecting patients who are more like those the student will see later on as a practising physician. A systematic effort should be made to develop joint teaching with other departments, if we are to hope that students will carry over the approach we teach them to other subjects of medicine. Counselling and psychotherapy are essential skills for every physician or surgeon; medical students should be taught these skills by psychiatrists who are not just skilled psychotherapists but are also comfortable in their role as physicians in view of the importance of this role for the development of the identity of the medical student as a physician. The quality of the psychiatric training of medical students is dependent to a large extent on the priority accorded to undergraduate teaching by the department of psychiatry; competing activities, however, can result in undergraduate teaching being given less than top priority. Long-standing difficulties which psychiatry and psychiatrists experience in the medical school may impede undergraduate psychiatric education; these difficulties can be lessened by the closer involvement of psychiatrists with other physicians in the clinical and educational programs.
Selectivity of Treatment Modalities
Authors: Chess Stella 
Published: April 2017

Consensus as to diagnostic definitions and criteria in Child Psychiatry is recent. Traditional “treatment” has been direct psychotherapy of child patient and mother. Despite growing precision of enologic concepts and expansion of therapeutic approaches, many centres continue to define therapy in terms of their available techniques rather than the actual needs of the child.A brief review and definition of the major clinical syndromes is given. A glossary of therapeutic modalities and their description is provided. Selection of treatment interventions is discussed in terms of diagnosis, severity, strengths of child patient, and the environmental modifications possible. Case illustrations are given. Periodic reassessment is essential to reselect therapeutic goals and determine choice as well as simultaneity versus sequentiality of therapeutic interventions.
Help for Families of Suicide: Survivors Support Program
Authors: Rogers J. , Sheldon A. , Barwick C. , Letofsky K. , Lancee W. 
Published: April 2017

The Survivors Support Program attempts preventive intervention with a high risk population. As with most preventive efforts in psychiatry, it is difficult to predict who will be most at risk, what services will best meet their needs, and what positive effects are due to the services. To answer these questions through properly controlled and designed experimental programs conforming to scientific methodology would require the investment of much time, personnel and money. To postpone attempts at intervention until answers are provided by such experimental programs would be to ignore the evidence of common sense and clinical experience. The Survivors Support Program demonstrates that a volunteer self-referral service, organized through professional liaison with a community organization and committed to providing service and gathering information, can suggest interim answers to the questions while providing support and counselling to a needy population.
Negative Impact of Computerized Record Keeping in a Psychiatric Department*
Authors: Mclean J.D. , Kapkin I.A. 
Published: April 2017

A general hospital psychiatric inpatient department which had been regarded as efficient and effective in its functioning, underwent rapid deterioration after the introduction of a computerized system of charting and record keeping. The deterioration was attributed to: 1) Impeded communication among the staff; 2) Loss of time available for patient care; 3) Staff frustration with the system and subsequent feelings of anger and helplessness being communicated to the patients. The authors describe the development of this deterioration and discuss possible psychodynamic factors and suggested corrective-preventative measures.
Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy: The Challenge of Integration*
Authors: Goldhamer Paul M. 
Published: April 2017

The use of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in combination remains a neglected area of study. In spite of evidence validating the combined treatment psychiatrists often avoid this approach. When combined treatment is employed insufficient attention may be devoted to the important interactive effects. Patients may react to the prescription of medication with a variety of transference feelings such as acceptance, rejection, manipulation and narcissistic injury. Discussion of interpersonal issues precipitated by the use of medication can improve not only the doctor-patient alliance but also the patient's symptomatic experience. The initiation or discontinuation of medications must be carried out with sufficient attention to the patient's realistic concerns and transference distortions. The neglect of a negative transference reaction aroused by the prescription of a medication can result in a resistance to treatment. Case examples and discussion in the article illustrate such phenomena. Psychiatrists need to be aware that their decision to prescribe medication may be influenced by their own unconscious conflicts surrounding the use of medication. They may prescribe or fail to prescribe motivated by their latent fantasies. Attention to the interactive effects of combined therapy is viewed as essential in order to aid patients in the dual goals of symptom alleviation and enrichment of interpersonal experience.
Tourette's Syndrome and Anophthalmia in a Girl: Complex Differential Diagnosis*
Authors: Parraga Humberto C. , Butterfield Patrick T. 
Published: April 2017

This is a report of a 15 year old girl with anophthalmia who met the DSM-HI criteria for Tourette's Syndrome (TS). The case presented a complex differential diagnosis with previous diagnoses of behaviour disorder and schizophrenia, complicated by the issues of blindness, pharmacological, and environmental factors. Once the diagnosis was made, and due to intricate biopsychosocial interactions, a comprehensive treatment approach was adopted with good results. The authors comment on the non-existence of studies about the incidence of TS in blind children and recommend the discrimination between the motor behaviour of the tic disorder versus mannerisms associated with blindness. Thus a reasonable degree of suspicion is warranted in the treatment of blind children with severe behavioural disturbances.
The Use of Intravenous Chlorimipramine in the Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder*
Authors: Warneke Lorne B. 
Published: April 2017

Obsessional disorder has always remained a difficult illness for psychiatrists to treat with response to therapy, both psychotherapy and chemotherapy, being low. A review of the traditional approaches to the treatment of obsessional disorder is done, including a brief review of the literature on intravenous chlorimipramine. Five case histories of patients with previously non-responsive obsessional disorder are summarized. All five cases were treated in hospital with a series of infusions of intravenous chlorimipramine. The drug and route of administration was extremely well tolerated with rapid and dramatic relief of obsessional symptoms as well as improvement of mood in all cases. The theoretical action of chlorimipramine is discussed as well as possible reasons why the intravenous route appears to be superior to the oral form.
Whatsoever Things are True: Ways, Means and Values in Modern Psychiatry
Authors: Runions J. Ernest 
Published: April 2017

Epistemology and ethics are fundamental disciplines to understanding the nature of the medical enterprise. Values of truth, goodness, faith and love dominate the knowledge and practise of medicine. Each epistemological model of truth (truth as useful, truth as correspondence to fact, and truth as coherence) has strengths and weaknesses in guiding us in the scientific method in medicine. Dialectic skills are also important epistemological tools in exploring truth in relationship to diagnosis and treatment. By dialectic and analogy we approach the good as we explore and debate available technique and desirable goal. All of the doctor's scientific discipline and technical skill must be brought to bear within a relationship. It is here that the medical enterprise becomes intensely concerned with ethics. Most ethicists describe the doctor-patient relationship as a fiduciary relationship in which the doctor commits himself to his patient in faithfulness. The doctor-patient relationship is a special form of the “I-Thou relationship” grounded not only in trust but also in love.
Residents Training in the Mental Status Examination
Authors: Ross Colin A. , Leichner Pierre 
Published: April 2017

One hundred and ninety-two Canadian psychiatry residents (43% of the total Canadian resident population) completed a questionnaire concerning their training in and use of the mental status examination (MSE). Residents perceive a number of deficiencies in their training for the mental status examination. They employ a wide variation in tests, and show a lack of sophistication in how to test for special dysfunctions. We discuss these data in the context of accumulated research on MSE. It should be possible to provide more systematic training in the MSE and we suggest modifications in resident training which might produce a more uniform and reliable MSE.
Cotherapy: The Need for Positive Pairing
Authors: Mcmahon Neil , Links Paul S. 
Published: April 2017

Therapists who are of the opinion that the cotherapy relationship has minimal therapeutic value, fail to understand the potential of this type of therapy. Cotherapy, in group psychotherapy, is a unique form of therapy with specific implications for therapeutic intervention. This paper will present three hypotheses developed from clinical observations which encourage a re-examination of traditional group perspectives. First, the authors believe that the development of the cotherapy relationship effects the development of group process. Second, the authors hypothesize that the pairing of the cotherapy relationship is paralleled by the pairing of group participants and finally that pairing in group psychotherapy is positive and can be utilized as an intervention technique. Although, traditionally, pairing has been viewed as an obstacle to group process, this paper presents the premise that pairing in group psychotherapy should be considered as a positive and necessary occurrence for cotherapy intervention. Six phases of cotherapy development are illustrated to show how the complex aspects of the cotherapy relationship impacts upon the developmental stages of group process. The clinical implications of this perspective may be the beginnings of new therapeutic horizons for cotherapists.
Play in the Psychotherapy of Selfobject Relating
Authors: Henderson James 
Published: April 2017

Current literature dealing with narcissistic character disorder attempts to differentiate between mature relating with consensually validated whole objects and immature, more primitive relating with mirroring and validating selfobjects. In the latter case the object is especially valued for its role in buttressing a damaged or fragile self. The persistence into adult life of this more primitive relating to selfobjects can be viewed as a restitutive attempt, a healing by second intent. Through such a mechanism, attempts are made to make good deficits left by perceived failures of the primary object. These attempts include the setting up of relationships with figures whose empathic capacity is in some way sensed to be corrective, and the setting up of relationships with selfobjects which are in part created by the subject to provide himself with the kind of validating selfobject which has been longed for, yet never experienced. Winnicott conceives of transitional experience as an intermediate area allowed to the infant between primary creativity and objective perception based on reality testing. Transitional relating usefully clarifies the concept of selfobjects in emphasizing its common features with the transitional object. Transitional objects and selfobjects both contain the idea that the psychic apparatus is equipped with self-healing capacities. They tell us something about the nature of those self-healing capacities. The mental apparatus, as the physical apparatus, can attempt to heal itself in the face of injury or disease. The mechanism of that psychic healing may have to do with the importance of transitional phenomena and illusory experience in permitting the relinquishing of omnipotence and grandiosity which goes hand in hand with the formation and consolidation of the structurally mature self. An understanding of the transitional area can facilitate the therapist's work in helping certain patients overcome immature and fixed character traits often associated with narcissistic psychopathology. The psychopathology of transitional experience is reviewed and the importance of play in the therapeutic situation is stressed. Evidence is presented for the existence of a common neurophysiological substrate for play and transitional experience. This discovery is deemed evidence supporting our thesis of the importance of the transitional area in fostering psychic growth and in promoting healing in the analytic situation. Case material is described to illustrate these points. The relationship of psychosomatic symptomatology to transitional experience is discussed and illustrated with clinical case material.
Applications cliniques de l'informatique en psychiatrie
Authors: Lesage Jacques 
Published: April 2017

La réduction du coût des ordinateurs et l'introduction des micro-ordinateurs amènent une pénétration irréversible de l'informatique dans tous les domaines de la vie occidentale. La recherche en informatique psychiatrique se fait depuis plus de vingt ans. L'ordinateur peut assister le psychiatre dans plusieurs domaines. Cet article traite des domaines d'applications de l'ordinateur dans le travail clinique: les tests psychologiques, les entrevues de malades, le diagnostic, les traitements psycho-pharmacologiques et behavioraux, l'évaluation des progrès du malade, l'éducation des professionnels et des malades ainsi que la simulation de modèles psychiques pouvant être utilisés à des fins d'enseignement. Les problèmes rencontrés lors de l'implantation de tels programmes sont aussi abordés. Nous énumérons des avenues de développement et nous formulons certaines recommandations.
L'hôpital psychiatrique: d'hier à demain
Authors: Mercier Céline , Harnois Et Gaston P. 
Published: April 2017

A study carried out in a psychiatric hospital in the Montreal region reveals that in spite of deinstitutionalization, long-term stay remains an important factor in the use of beds. For some patients the hospital remains a permanent home, either from their first admission or from the time they are institutionalized after multiple admissions. For both in- and out-patients, return to the hospital and long-term care are almost inevitable. Generally speaking, the services of the hospital are used by the same long-term patients, and this to the extent that the hospital cannot provide services to other establishments or play its second-line role. This is frustrating for other institutions in the network, even though they accept the inevitability of the situation given the lack of adequate community resources for these patients. One of the primary functions of a psychiatric hospital also seems to be to fill in the gaps in the service network. In this regard, its expertise in the field of intervention in chronic psychiatric patients must not be overlooked. Given the current situation, the hospital's responsibility in regard to second-line services cannot be clarified until it has been determined just how much of the responsibility for care of psychiatric patients can be assumed by the community itself.
Family Therapy and Schizophrenia: Recent Developments
Authors: Waring Edward M. , Carver Claudia , Moran Pierrette , Lefcoe Daniel H. 
Published: April 2017

A review of recent studies of family interaction as a causal factor in the development of schizophrenia suggests a paucity of evidence supporting this point of view. However, research has suggested family variables may influence the course and outcome of schizophrenia. The impact of schizophrenia on the family has recently received more attention. Some research has identified differences between families of schizophrenics and the families of other diagnostic groups and controls. Whether these studies are beginning to influence the theory and practice of family therapy is discussed. Recent studies suggest the combination of long-acting medication and ‘psychosocial’ interventions may reduce the relapse rate of schizophrenia in the short term. This research suggests that family therapists must re-evaluate their role in the management of schizophrenia.