bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of evaluating GPS telemetry collar performance in monitoring reintroduced populations
Authors: Vance James A. , Jachowski David S. , Boynton Allen C. , Kelly Marcella J. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTGlobal Positioning System (GPS) tracking collar technology has been widely employed in wildlife research and is valuable for understanding movement patterns of reintroduced populations, yet the associated fix‐rate bias and positional errors are a serious concern. During 2013, we deployed GPS collars at fixed sites varying by habitat and terrain conditions in the mountains of southwestern Virginia, USA, where elk (Cervus elaphus) were recently reintroduced, to test 2 hypotheses: 1) collar precision would decrease and fix rate bias would increase with increasing terrain and vegetation obstructions; and 2) variability in fixes and associated errors can affect evaluations of habitat use by reintroduced elk populations. Our model predicted a 1.67‐m decrease in root mean square error (RMSE) for every 100‐m increase in elevation, and a 1.14‐m increase in RMSE for every 10° increase in slope. We found that collars under deciduous, mixed, and coniferous cover were predicted to decrease the fix rate by 14.5%, 25.6%, and 47.4%, respectively. We computed an uncertainty index based upon Monte Carlo simulations to show the effects of variability in fixes on habitat assignment of elk locations. Based upon the uncertainty index, we predicted that the relatively small and patchily distributed herbaceous cover type had the most potential for misassignment of use. Failure to account for these sources of error could improperly indicate that elk almost exclusively use open ridge tops and erroneously affect manager's decisions regarding potential human–elk conflict and disease transmission. Our results illustrate a potential danger in interpreting raw point data from a GPS tracking study of reintroduced populations. Errors caused by local habitat conditions in patchy and structurally complex landscapes should be accounted for in future models and management decisions. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Effects of course‐based undergraduate research experiences (CURE) on wildlife students
Authors: Flaherty Elizabeth A. , Walker Sarah M. , Forrester Jennifer H. , Ben‐David Merav 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTA new movement to develop course‐based undergraduate research experiences (CURE) is emerging, although the benefits of such programs have not yet been fully evaluated. We examined effects of a field‐based CURE project on science attitudes, career choice, and perceived knowledge of undergraduate wildlife students (n = 32) at the University of Wyoming in 2012. In this project, junior and senior students gained practical experience, used their own data to learn various modeling approaches, and disseminated results orally and in written form. We used a mixed‐method study with pre‐ and postactivity surveys and focus group interviews to evaluate the change in student perceptions. Our results illustrate that participation in the CURE project resulted in benefits similar to those reported from traditional undergraduate research experience programs. Participants reported increased understanding of the scientific method, clarification of their career choices, and greater confidence in their perceived knowledge of science. These changes were more pronounced among male participants. Concurrently students gained valuable skills that are required by practicing wildlife biologists. Based on these results it appears that adoption of CURE projects in similar natural resources programs could provide a large number of undergraduate students with equivalent opportunities to those currently experienced by a select few through traditional undergraduate research experience programs. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
External Validation of a Tube Thoracostomy Complication Classification System
Authors: Sritharen Yoginee , Hernandez Matthew C. , Haddad Nadeem N. , Kong Victor , Clarke Damian , Zielinski Martin D. , Aho Johnathon M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundTube thoracostomy (TT) is a commonly performed procedure which is associated with significant complication rates. Currently, there is no validated taxonomy to classify and compare TT complications across different populations. This study aims to validate such TT complication taxonomy in a cohort of South African trauma patients.MethodsPost hoc analysis of a prospectively collected trauma database from Pietermaritzburg Metropolitan Trauma Service (PMTS) in South Africa was performed for the period January 2010 to December 2013. Baseline demographics, mechanism of injury and complications were collected and categorized according to published classification protocols. All patients requiring bedside TT were included in the study. Patients who necessitated operatively placed or image‐guided TT insertion were excluded. Summary and univariate analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 1010 patients underwent TT. The mean age was (±SD) of 26 ± 8 years. Unilateral TTs were inserted in n = 966 (96%) and bilateral in n = 44 (4%). Complications developed in 162 (16%) patients. Penetrating injury was associated with lower complication rate (11%) than blunt injury (26%), p = 0.0001. Higher complication rate was seen in TT placed by interns (17%) compared to TT placed by residents (7%), p = 0.0001. Complications were classified as: insertional (38%), positional (44%), removal (9%), infective/immunologic (9%), and instructional, educational or equipment related (0%).ConclusionsDespite being developed in the USA, this classification system is robust and was able to comprehensively assign and categorize all the complications of TT in this South African trauma cohort. A universal standardized definition and classification system permits equitable comparisons of complication rates. The use of this classification taxonomy may help develop strategies to improve TT placement techniques and reduce the complications associated with the procedure.Level of evidenceV.Study typeSingle Institution Retrospective review.
The moderating effect of the need to belong and classroom composition on belongingness seeking of minority adolescents
Authors: Kuo Fu Wen , Yang Shu Ching 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to elucidate whether the interaction of classroom composition and the need to belong influences belongingness seeking and, if so, to investigate how upward comparison mediates the effects. The analyses were conducted with a cross‐sectional sample of 383 Taiwanese aboriginal adolescents (39.7% male) recruited from schools with mixed‐sex/ethnicity (n = 113), single‐sex (n = 122), and minority‐only (n = 148) classrooms. After controlling for socioeconomic status, the moderation analyses indicated that participants with a chronic need to belong in classes with diversity (mixed sex/ethnicity) perceived higher social acceptance, while those with a chronic need to belong in homogeneous classes (single‐sex and minority‐only) reported greater feelings of rejection. Upward comparison for differentiation was found to influence the indirect effects of the need to belong on feelings of rejection and depression in single‐sex and minority‐only classes. In particular, the mediating effect of upward comparison was stronger in minority‐only classes.
Further education improves cognitive reserve and triggers improvement in selective cognitive functions in older adults: The Tasmanian Healthy Brain Project
Authors: Thow Megan E. , Summers Mathew J. , Saunders Nichole L. , Summers Jeffery J. , Ritchie Karen , Vickers James C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe strong link between early‐life education and subsequent reduced risk of dementia suggests that education in later life could enhance cognitive function and may reduce age‐related cognitive decline and protect against dementia.MethodsEpisodic memory, working memory, executive function, and language processing performances were assessed annually over 4 years in 359 healthy older adults who attended university for a minimum of 12 months (intervention) and were compared against 100 healthy adult controls.ResultsMultiple group latent growth curve modeling revealed a significant improvement in language processing capacity over time in the intervention group. No changes were detected for episodic memory, working memory, or executive function.DiscussionThese results suggest that complex mental stimulation resulting from late‐life further education results in improved crystallized knowledge but no changes to fluid cognitive functions.
TTIP negotiations, policy convergence, and the transatlantic digital economy
Authors: Le Roux Gaël 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) has the potential to be a landmark treaty on many grounds. According to European and American officials, one of the main features that should differentiate the TTIP from other bilateral free trade agreements is, beyond its unprecedented scale, the ambition of its regulatory dimension. On both sides of the Atlantic there is a strong incentive to mitigate the impacts of “behind-the-border” obstacles that mostly stem from existing divergences between laws and regulations applied in Europe and in the United States. To do this, trade negotiators, together with policymakers and regulators, attempt, when possible and desirable, to facilitate the convergence of the policies that frame the European and the American markets. This paper analyzes how convergence may be reached with regards to the regulation of the digital economy, a relatively new area of interest in the field of trade law and policy studies, that seems to deserve a specific attention considering the growing importance it has taken at the domestic level and in the context of trade negotiations.
Exploring the use of zircon geochronology as an indicator of Laurentide Ice Sheet till provenance, Indiana, USA
Authors: Kassab Christine M. , Brickles Samantha L. , Licht Kathy J. , Monaghan G. William 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA pilot study was designed to evaluate the potential of zircon geochronology as a provenance indicator of till from the Lake Michigan, Saginaw, and Huron-Erie Lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Based on existing ice flow-path models, we hypothesized that till from each lobe would have different zircon age population distributions because the lobes originated from regions of the Canadian Shield with different bedrock ages. After correcting for zircon fertility, the majority of grains in all till samples are 1600–950 Ma, with ~30 % of ages >2500 Ma. This similarity means that till from the three lobes cannot be clearly differentiated based on their zircon populations. The dominant ages found and the homogeneity of distributions in the till indicates a non-Shield source and, instead, reflect an origin from some combination of underlying till and sedimentary bedrock in the Great Lakes region. Even though the datasets are small, the tills have similarities to zircon distributions in Michigan Basin rocks. This implies that a substantial fraction of zircon in till was not transported long distances from the Canadian Shield. Although zircon ages are not distinct between tills, the method provides a novel application to understand Laurentide Ice Sheet glacial erosion and transport.
Age Constraints on Gulf of Mexico Deep Water Ventilation as Determined by14C Measurements
Authors: Chapman Piers , DiMarco Steven F , Key Robert M , Previti Connie , Yvon-Lewis Shari 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWhile the exchange of water through Yucatan Strait is reasonably well known, the age of the deep water in both the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico is not. We recently measured the radiocarbon (14C) concentrations in deep water in the Gulf of Mexico from a line of stations along 90°30′W. The mean apparent age of water below 900 m, the depth of the Florida Strait sill, was found to be about 740 yr relative to the 195014C standard. Depending on how the corrections for biological activity in the upper water are applied, this converts to a “true” age of between 231 ± 28 and 293 ± 74 yr. These ages agree with a previous estimate of the age of the deep water in the Gulf of Mexico based on heat flows, put upper limits on the age of the deep water in the Caribbean Sea, and provide constraints on modelers for the return of deep water from the Gulf of Mexico to the Caribbean. This might be important in the event of a future deep water oil or other chemical spill in the region.
CM FIELDS WITHOUT UNIT-PRIMITIVE ELEMENTS
Authors: GREITHER CORNELIUS , ZAÏMI TOUFIK 
Published: September 2017

This is an addendum to a recent paper by Zaïmi, Bertin and Aljouiee [‘On number fields without a unit primitive element’, Bull. Aust. Math. Soc.93 (2016), 420–432], giving the answer to a question asked in that paper, together with some historical connections.
Molecular hydrogen generated by elemental magnesium supplementation alters rumen fermentation and microbiota in goats
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Rong , Zhang XiuMin , Ungerfeld Emilio M. , Long Donglei , Mao HongXiang , Jiao JinZhen , Beauchemin Karen A. , Tan Zhiliang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe tested the hypotheses that supplementation of a diet with elemental Mg increases ruminal dissolved H2(dH2) in rumen fluid, which in turn alters rumen fermentation and microbial community in goats. In a randomised block design, twenty growing goats were allocated to two treatments fed the same basal diet with 1·45 % Mg(OH)2or 0·6 % elemental Mg. After 28 d of adaptation, we collected total faeces to measure total tract digestibility, rumen contents to analyse fermentation end products and microbial groups, and measured methane (CH4) emission using respiration chambers. Ruminal Mg2+concentration was similar in both treatments. Elemental Mg supplementation increased dH2at 2·5 h post morning feeding (+180 %,P<0·001). Elemental Mg supplementation decreased total volatile fatty acid concentration (−8·6 %,P<0·001), the acetate:propionate ratio (−11·8 %,P<0·03) and fungal copy numbers (−63·6 %,P=0·006), and increased propionate molar percentage (+11·6 %,P<0·001), methanogen copy numbers (+47·9 %,P<0·001), dissolved CH4(+35·6 %,P<0·001) and CH4emissions (+11·7 %,P=0·03), compared with Mg(OH)2supplementation. The bacterial community composition in both treatments was overall similar. Ruminal dH2was negatively correlated with acetate molar percentage and fungal copy numbers (P<0·05), and positively correlated with propionate molar percentage and methanogen copy numbers (P<0·05). In summary, elemental Mg supplementation increased ruminal dH2concentration, which inhibited rumen fermentation, enhanced methanogenesis and seemed to shift fermentation pathways from acetate to propionate, and altered microbiota by decreasing fungi and increasing methanogens.
Increases in wellbeing in the transition to retirement for the unemployed: catching up with formerly employed persons
Authors: PONOMARENKO VALENTINA , LEIST ANJA K. , CHAUVEL LOUIS 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the extent to which wellbeing levels change in the transition to retirement depending on transitioning from being employed, unemployed or economically inactive. Whereas transitioning from employment to unemployment has been found to cause a decrease in subjective wellbeing with more time spent in unemployment, it is not clear how transitioning from unemployment to retirement affects wellbeing levels. We use the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe to monitor the life satisfaction of respondents who retire in between two waves. We portray wellbeing scores before and after retirement and then identify the change in life satisfaction during the retirement transition using a First Difference model. Results indicate that being unemployed before retirement is associated with an increase in life satisfaction, but presents mainly a catching-up effect compared to employed persons transitioning to retirement. These results are still significant if we control for selection into unemployment and country differences. Retirement from labour market inactivity does not lead to significant changes in wellbeing. As the wellbeing of unemployed persons recovers after transitioning to retirement, especially the currently unemployed population should be supported to prevent detrimental consequences of economically unfavourable conditions and lower wellbeing.
First detection and characterization ofSalmonellaspp. in poultry and swine raised in backyard production systems in central Chile
Authors: ALEGRIA-MORAN R. , RIVERA D. , TOLEDO V. , MORENO-SWITT A. I. , HAMILTON-WEST C. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYLittle is known aboutSalmonellaserovars circulating in backyard poultry and swine populations worldwide. Backyard production systems (BPS) that raise swine and/or poultry are distributed across Chile, but are more heavily concentrated in central Chile, where industrialized systems are in close contact with BPS. This study aims to detect and identify circulatingSalmonellaserovars in poultry and swine raised in BPS. BacteriologicalSalmonellaisolation was carried out for 1744 samples collected from 329 BPS in central Chile. Faecal samples were taken from swine, poultry, geese, ducks, turkeys and peacocks, as well as environmental faecal samples. Confirmation ofSalmonellaspp. was performed usinginvA-polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Identification of serovars was carried out using a molecular serotyping approach, where serogroups were confirmed by a multiplex PCR ofSalmonellaserogroup genes for fiveSalmonellaO antigens (i.e., D, B, C1, C2-C3, and E1), along with two PCR amplifications, followed by sequencing offliCandfljBgenes. A total of 25 samples (1·4% of total samples) from 15 BPS (4·6 % of total sampled BPS) were found positive forSalmonella. Positive samples were found in poultry (chickens and ducks), swine and environmental sources. Molecular prediction of serovars onSalmonellaisolated showed 52·0% ofS.Typhimurium, 16·0% ofS.Infantis, 16·0%S.Enteritidis, 8·0%S.Hadar, 4·0%S.Tennessee and 4·0%S.Kentucky. Poor biosecurity measures were found on sampled BPS, where a high percentage of mixed confinement systems (72·8%); and almost half of the sampled BPS with improper management of infected mortalities (e.g. selling the carcasses of infected animals for consumption). Number of birds other than chickens (P= 0·014; OR = 1·04; IC (95%) = 1·01–1·07), mixed productive objective (P= 0·030; OR = 5·35; IC (95%) = 1·24–27·59) and mixed animal replacement origin (P= 0017; OR = 5·19; IC (95%) = 1·35–20·47) were detected as risk factors for BPS positivity toSalmonellaspp. This is the first evidence of serovars ofSalmonellaspp. circulating in BPS from central Chile. Detected serovars have been linked to human and animal clinical outbreaks worldwide and in Chile, highlighting the importance of BPS on the control and dissemination ofSalmonellaserovars potentially hazardous to public health.
Endocrinological and subjective stress responses in children with depressive, anxiety, or externalizing disorders
Authors: Stadelmann Stephanie , Jaeger Sonia , Matuschek Tina , Bae Yoon Ju , von Klitzing Kai , Klein Annette Maria , Döhnert Mirko 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this study, we used a stress test to investigate endocrinological and subjective stress responses of 8- to 14-year-old children with internalizing or externalizing disorders and healthy controls. The sample (N = 170) consisted of clinical and community children. Parents were given a diagnostic interview to diagnose their children's psychiatric condition. We measured saliva cortisol and subjectively experienced arousal in children before and after the Trier Social Stress Test for Children. Children also rated their performance immediately after the stress test, and 1 hr later they rated their positive and negative thoughts about this stressful event. Children with internalizing or externalizing disorders exhibited a blunted cortisol response compared to healthy controls. Depressed children rated their test performance lower and reported more negative thoughts after the test in comparison to healthy controls, anxious children reported more arousal before and after the task, and children with externalizing disorders reported more positive thoughts. In regression analyses, cortisol and subjective stress responses were both predictive of psychiatric disorders. The study extends previous work on the relation between psychiatric disorders and children's stress responses to an experimentally induced stress task by including a broad range of psychiatric disorders and by integrating endocrinological and subjective stress responses.
A pore-forming protein implements VLR-activated complement cytotoxicity in lamprey
Authors: Wu Fenfang , Feng Bo , Ren Yong , Wu Di , Chen Yue , Huang Shengfeng , Chen Shangwu , Xu Anlong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLamprey is a basal vertebrate with a unique adaptive immune system, which uses variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) for antigen recognition. Our previous study has shown that lamprey possessed a distinctive complement pathway activated by VLR. In this study, we identified a natterin family member–lamprey pore-forming protein (LPFP) with a jacalin-like lectin domain and an aerolysin-like pore-forming domain. LPFP had a high affinity with mannan and could form oligomer in the presence of mannan. LPFP could deposit on the surface of target cells, form pore-like complex resembling a wheel with hub and spokes, and mediate powerful cytotoxicity on target cells. These pore-forming proteins along with VLRs and complement molecules were essential for the specific cytotoxicity against exogenous pathogens and tumor cells. This unique cytotoxicity implemented by LPFP might emerge before or in parallel with the IgG-based classical complement lytic pathway completed by polyC9.
Understanding activity trends in electrochemical water oxidation to form hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Shi Xinjian , Siahrostami Samira , Li Guo-Ling , Zhang Yirui , Chakthranont Pongkarn , Studt Felix , Jaramillo Thomas F. , Zheng Xiaolin , Nørskov Jens K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractElectrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from water oxidation could provide a very attractive route to locally produce a chemically valuable product from an abundant resource. Herein using density functional theory calculations, we predict trends in activity for water oxidation towards H2O2 evolution on four different metal oxides, i.e., WO3, SnO2, TiO2 and BiVO4. The density functional theory predicted trend for H2O2 evolution is further confirmed by our experimental measurements. Moreover, we identify that BiVO4 has the best H2O2 generation amount of those oxides and can achieve a Faraday efficiency of about 98% for H2O2 production.
A secreted antibacterial neuropeptide shapes the microbiome of Hydra
Authors: Augustin René , Schröder Katja , Murillo Rincón Andrea P. , Fraune Sebastian , Anton-Erxleben Friederike , Herbst Eva-Maria , Wittlieb Jörg , Schwentner Martin , Grötzinger Joachim , Wassenaar Trudy M. , Bosch Thomas C. G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractColonization of body epithelial surfaces with a highly specific microbial community is a fundamental feature of all animals, yet the underlying mechanisms by which these communities are selected and maintained are not well understood. Here, we show that sensory and ganglion neurons in the ectodermal epithelium of the model organism hydra (a member of the animal phylum Cnidaria) secrete neuropeptides with antibacterial activity that may shape the microbiome on the body surface. In particular, a specific neuropeptide, which we call NDA-1, contributes to the reduction of Gram-positive bacteria during early development and thus to a spatial distribution of the main colonizer, the Gram-negative Curvibacter sp., along the body axis. Our findings warrant further research to test whether neuropeptides secreted by nerve cells contribute to the spatial structure of microbial communities in other organisms.