bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the shark fisheries of Fiji
Authors: Glaus Kerstin B. J. , Adrian-Kalchhauser Irene , Burkhardt-Holm Patricia , White William T. , Brunnschweiler Juerg M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLimited information is available on artisanal and subsistence shark fisheries across the Pacific. The aim of this study was to investigate Fiji’s inshore fisheries which catch sharks. In January and February 2013, 253 semi-directive interviews were conducted in 117 villages and at local harbours on Viti Levu, Vanua Levu, Taveuni, Ovalau and a number of islands of the Mamanuca and Yasawa archipelagos. Of the 253 interviewees, 81.4% reported to presently catch sharks and 17.4% declared that they did not presently catch any sharks. Of the 206 fishers that reported to catch sharks, 18.4% targeted sharks and 81.6% caught sharks as bycatch. When targeted, primary use of sharks was for consumption or for sale. Sharks caught as bycatch were frequently released (69.6%), consumed (64.9%) or shared amongst the community (26.8%). Fishers’ identification based on an identification poster and DNA barcoding revealed that at least 12 species of elasmobranchs, 11 shark and one ray species (Rhynchobatus australiae) were caught. This study, which is the first focused exploration of the shark catch in Fiji’s inshore fisheries, suggests that the country’s artisanal shark fisheries are small but have the potential to develop into larger and possibly more targeted fisheries.
Loss of CARD9-mediated innate activation attenuates severe influenza pneumonia without compromising host viral immunity
Authors: Uematsu Takayuki , Iizasa Ei’ichi , Kobayashi Noritada , Yoshida Hiroki , Hara Hiromitsu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInfluenza virus (IFV) infection is a common cause of severe viral pneumonia associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is difficult to control with general immunosuppressive therapy including corticosteroids due to the unfavorable effect on viral replication. Studies have suggested that the excessive activation of the innate immunity by IFV is responsible for severe pathologies. In this study, we focused on CARD9, a signaling adaptor known to regulate innate immune activation through multiple innate sensor proteins and investigated its role in anti-IFV defense and lung pathogenesis in a mouse model recapitulating severe influenza pneumonia with ARDS. We found that influenza pneumonia was dramatically attenuated in Card9-deficient mice, which showed improved mortality with reduced inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the infected lungs. However, viral clearance, type-I interferon production and the development of anti-viral B and T cell immunity were not compromised by CARD9 deficiency. Syk or CARD9-deficient DCs but not macrophages showed impaired cytokine but not type-I interferon production in response to IFV in vitro, indicating a possible role for the Syk-CARD9 pathway in DCs in excessive inflammation of IFV-infected lungs. Therefore, inhibition of this pathway is an ideal therapeutic target for severe influenza pneumonia without affecting viral clearance.
Screening cell mechanotype by parallel microfiltration
Authors: Qi Dongping , Kaur Gill Navjot , Santiskulvong Chintda , Sifuentes Joshua , Dorigo Oliver , Rao Jianyu , Taylor-Harding Barbie , Ruprecht Wiedemeyer W. , Rowat Amy C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCell mechanical phenotype or ‘mechanotype’ is emerging as a valuable label-free biomarker. For example, marked changes in the viscoelastic characteristics of cells occur during malignant transformation and cancer progression. Here we describe a simple and scalable technique to measure cell mechanotype: this parallel microfiltration assay enables multiple samples to be simultaneously measured by driving cell suspensions through porous membranes. To validate the method, we compare the filtration of untransformed and HRasV12-transformed murine ovary cells and find significantly increased deformability of the transformed cells. Inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in human ovarian cancer cells by overexpression of key transcription factors (Snail, Slug, Zeb1) or by acquiring drug resistance produces a similar increase in deformability. Mechanistically, we show that EMT-mediated changes in epithelial (loss of E-Cadherin) and mesenchymal markers (vimentin induction) correlate with altered mechanotype. Our results demonstrate a method to screen cell mechanotype that has potential for broader clinical application.
Crossover from a heavy fermion to intermediate valence state in noncentrosymmetric Yb2Ni12(P,As)7
Authors: Jiang W. B. , Yang L. , Guo C. Y. , Hu Z. , Lee J. M. , Smidman M. , Wang Y. F. , Shang T. , Cheng Z. W. , Gao F. , Ishii H. , Tsuei K. D. , Liao Y. F. , Lu X. , Tjeng L. H. , Chen J. M. , Yuan H. Q. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe report measurements of the physical properties and electronic structure of the hexagonal compounds Yb2Ni12Pn7(Pn = P, As) by measuring the electrical resistivity, magnetization, specific heat and partial fluorescence yield x-ray absorption spectroscopy (PFY-XAS). These demonstrate a crossover upon reducing the unit cell volume, from an intermediate valence state in Yb2Ni12As7to a heavy-fermion paramagnetic state in Yb2Ni12P7, where the Yb is nearly trivalent. Application of pressure to Yb2Ni12P7suppressesTFL, the temperature below which Fermi liquid behavior is recovered, suggesting the presence of a quantum critical point (QCP) under pressure. However, while there is little change in the Yb valence of Yb2Ni12P7up to 30 GPa, there is a strong increase for Yb2Ni12As7under pressure, before a near constant value is reached. These results indicate that any magnetic QCP in this system is well separated from strong valence fluctuations. The pressure dependence of the valence and lattice parameters of Yb2Ni12As7are compared and at 1 GPa, there is an anomaly in the unit cell volume as well as a change in the slope of the Yb valence, indicating a correlation between structural and electronic changes.
Discovery of a Novel Inhibitor of the Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Shp2
Authors: Chen Chuan , Cao Mengmeng , Zhu Siyu , Wang Cuicui , Liang Fan , Yan Leilei , Luo Duqiang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractShp2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) related to adult acute myelogenous leukemia and human solid tumors. In this report, we describe identification of a potent Shp2 inhibitor, Fumosorinone (Fumos) from entomogenous fungi, which shows selective inhibition of Shp2 over other tested PTPs. Using a surface plasmon resonance analysis, we further confirmed the physical interaction between Shp2 and Fumos. Fumos inhibits Shp2-dependent activation of the Ras/ERK signal pathway downstream of EGFR and interrupts EGF-induced Gab1-Shp2 association. As expected, Fumos shows little effects on the Shp2-independent ERK1/2 activation induced by PMA or oncogenic Ras. Furthermore, Fumos down-regulates Src activation, inhibits phosphorylation of Paxillin and prevents tumor cell invasion. These results suggest that Fumos can inhibit Shp2-dependent cell signaling in human cells and has a potential for treatment of Shp2-associated diseases.
Preventive effects of vitamin D treatment on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Zongmei , Yu Xiaoting , Fang Xia , Liang Aibin , Yu Zhang , Gu Pan , Zeng Yu , He Jian , Zhu Hailong , Li Shuai , Fan Desheng , Han Fei , Zhang Lanjing , Yi Xianghua 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPatients with pulmonary fibrosis often have low vitamin D levels, the effects of which are largely unknown. We here report that early vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced the severity of pulmonary fibrosis and inflammatory cell accumulationin in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model on supplementary days 14, 21 and 28 (P < 0.001). Vitamin D supplementation also prevented some ultrastructural changes in response to bleomycin administration, including basement membrane thickening, interstitial fibrin deposition and microvilli flattening or disappearance on days 14, 21 and 28 and lamellar body swelling or vacuolation on days 21 and 28. The bleomycin group had rising hydroxyproline level on days 14, 21 and 28, whereas the vitamin D treatment group showed consistently lower hydroxyproline level but still higher than that of the control group (P < 0.001). Our immunohistochemistry and densitometry analyses showed less staining for α-smooth muscle actin, a myofibroblast marker, in the vitamin D group compared to the bleomycin group (P < 0.001). Thus, vitamin D treatment could prevent bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by delaying or suppressing ultrastructural changes, as well as attenuating hydroxyproline accumulation and inhibiting myofibroblastic proliferation. These data further our understanding of the roles of vitamin D in pulmonary fibrogenesis and in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.
Specific immunotherapy in combination with Clostridium butyricum inhibits allergic inflammation in the mouse intestine
Authors: Shi Yanhong , Xu Ling-Zhi , Peng Kangsheng , Wu Wei , Wu Ruijin , Liu Zhi-Qiang , Yang Gui , Geng Xiao-Rui , Liu Jun , Liu Zhi-Gang , Liu Zhanju , Yang Ping-Chang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe current therapy on allergic inflammation is unsatisfactory. Probiotics improve the immunity in the body. This study aims to test a hypothesis that administration with Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) enforces the effect of specific immunotherapy (SIT) on intestinal allergic inflammation. In this study, an ovalbumin (OVA) specific allergic inflammation mouse model was created. The mice were treated with SIT or/and C. butyricum. The results showed that the intestinal allergic inflammation was only moderately alleviated by SIT, which was significantly enforced by a combination with C. butyricum; treating with C. butyricum alone did not show much inhibitory efficacy. The increase in the frequency of the interleukin (IL)-10-producing OVA-specific B cell (OVAsBC) was observed in mice in parallel to the inhibitory effect on the intestinal allergic inflammation. The in vitro treatment of the OVAsBCs with OVA increased the histone deacetylase-1 (HDAC1) phosphorylation, modulated the transcription of the Bcl6 gene and triggered the OVAsBCs to differentiate to the IgE-producing plasma cells. Exposure to both OVA and butyrate sodium in the culture increased the expression of IL-10 in OVAsBCs. In conclusion, administration with C. butyricum enforces the inhibitory effect of SIT on allergic inflammation in the mouse intestine.
Rearfoot posture of Australopithecus sediba and the evolution of the hominin longitudinal arch
Authors: Prang Thomas C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe longitudinal arch is one of the hallmarks of the human foot but its evolutionary history remains controversial due to the fragmentary nature of the fossil record. In modern humans, the presence of a longitudinal arch is reflected in the angular relationships among the major surfaces of the human talus and calcaneus complex, which is also known as the rearfoot. A complete talus and calcaneus ofAustralopithecus sedibaprovide the opportunity to evaluate rearfoot posture in an early hominin for the first time. Here I show thatA. sedibais indistinguishable from extant African apes in the angular configuration of its rearfoot, which strongly suggests that it lacked a longitudinal arch. Inferences made from isolated fossils support the hypothesis thatAustralopithecus afarensispossessed an arched foot. However, tali attributed to temporally younger taxa likeAustralopithecus africanusandHomo floresiensisare more similar to those ofA. sediba. The inferred absence of a longitudinal arch inA. sedibawould be biomechanically consistent with prior suggestions of increased midtarsal mobility in this taxon. The morphological patterns in talus and calcaneus angular relationships among fossil hominins suggest that there was diversity in traits associated with the longitudinal arch in the Plio-Pleistocene.
Sexually antagonistic selection during parental care is not generated by a testosterone-related intralocus sexual conflict–insights from full-sib comparisons
Authors: Iserbyt Arne , Eens Marcel , Müller Wendt 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe evolution of shared male and female traits can be hampered if selection favours sex-specific optima. However, such genomic conflicts can be resolved when independent male and female mechanisms evolve. The existence, extent and consequences of conflict and/or conflict resolution are currently debated. Endocrinological traits like plasma testosterone (T) are suitable test cases, given their important role in mediating correlated traits, plus their opposing sex-specific fitness effects. We compared full-sibling (brother/sister) captive canaries to test for (1) sexually antagonistic selection characterized by contrasting fitness patterns within pairs of relatives, (2) intersexual genetic correlation of plasma T (h² = 0.41  ±  0.31) and (3) intralocus sexual conflict over T levels featured by distinct sex-specific fitness optima. We found potential for sexually antagonistic selection, since high fledgling mass was reached by either brothers or sisters, but not by both. We report a positive intersexual correlation for T, as a requirement for intralocus sexual conflict. However, high levels of T were associated with increased female and decreased male fitness (fledgling mass), which contrasts our expectations and challenges the hypothesis of intralocus sexual conflict driven by T. We hypothesize that behavioural and physiological trade-offs differ between sexes when raising offspring, driving T levels towards a state of monomorphism.
Flexion bonding transfer of multilayered graphene as a top electrode in transparent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Tae Lim Jong , Lee Hyunkoo , Cho Hyunsu , Kwon Byoung-Hwa , Sung Cho Nam , Kuk Lee Bong , Park Jonghyurk , Kim Jaesu , Han Jun-Han , Yang Jong-Heon , Yu Byoung-Gon , Hwang Chi-Sun , Chu Lim Seong , Lee Jeong-Ik 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGraphene has attracted considerable attention as a next-generation transparent conducting electrode, because of its high electrical conductivity and optical transparency. Various optoelectronic devices comprising graphene as a bottom electrode, such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), organic photovoltaics, quantum-dot LEDs and light-emitting electrochemical cells, have recently been reported. However, performance of optoelectronic devices using graphene as top electrodes is limited, because the lamination process through which graphene is positioned as the top layer of these conventional OLEDs is a lack of control in the surface roughness, the gapless contact and the flexion bonding between graphene and organic layer of the device. Here, a multilayered graphene (MLG) as a top electrode is successfully implanted, via dry bonding, onto the top organic layer of transparent OLED (TOLED) with flexion patterns. The performance of the TOLED with MLG electrode is comparable to that of a conventional TOLED with a semi-transparent thin-Ag top electrode, because the MLG electrode makes a contact with the TOLED with no residue. In addition, we successfully fabricate a large-size transparent segment panel using the developed MLG electrode. Therefore, we believe that the flexion bonding technology presented in this work is applicable to various optoelectronic devices.
Drug Signature-based Finding of Additional Clinical Use of LC28-0126 for Neutrophilic Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Shin Eunji , Lee Yong Chul , Kim So Ri , Kim Soon Ha , Park Joonghoon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn recent decades, global pharmaceutical companies have suffered from an R&D innovation gap between the increased cost of a new drug’s development and the decreased number of approvals. Drug repositioning offers another opportunity to fill the gap because the approved drugs have a known safety profile for human use, allowing for a reduction of the overall cost of drug development by eliminating rigorous safety assessment. In this study, we compared the transcriptional profile of LC28-0126, an investigational drug for acute myocardial infarction (MI) at clinical trial, obtained from healthy male subjects with molecular activity profiles in the Connectivity Map. We identified dyphilline, an FDA-approved drug for bronchial asthma, as a top ranked connection with LC28-0126. Subsequently, we demonstrated that LC28-0126 effectively ameliorates the pathophysiology of neutrophilic bronchial asthma in OVALPS-OVA mice accompanied with a reduction of inflammatory cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), inhibition of the release of proinflammatory cytokines, relief of airway hyperactivity and improvement of histopathological changes in the lung. Taken together, we suggest that LC28-0126 could be a potential therapeutic for bronchial asthma. In addition, this study demonstrated the potential general utility of computational drug repositioning using clinical profiles of the investigational drug.
Hybrid full‐bridge and LLC converter with wide ZVS range and less output inductance
Authors: Lin Bor‐Ren , Chu Chung‐Wei 
Published: December 2015

This study presents a new hybrid full‐bridge and LLC converter with the features of low circulating current loss, wide zero voltage switching range and less output inductance for industry power units. The proposed hybrid circuit has two full‐bridge converters and one LLC converter with shared lagging‐leg switches. Two full‐bridge converters, shared the same lagging‐leg switches, are operated at phase‐shift pulse‐width modulation to regulate the output voltage and share the load power. Half‐bridge LLC converter is added at the lagging‐leg switches to extend the zero voltage switching range of lagging‐leg switches from zero to full load. The output voltage of LLC converter is connected to the secondary sides of two full‐bridge converters during the freewheeling interval to eliminate the circulating current loss. The rectified voltage of full‐bridge converter during the freewheeling stage is positive instead of zero so that the output filter inductance can be reduced. Finally, experiments with a 1440 W prototype circuit converting 380 V input to an output voltage 24 V/60 A are provided to verify the theoretical analysis and effectiveness of the proposed converter.
Gallium arsenide semiconductor parameters extracted from pin diode measurements and simulations
Authors: Bhojani Riteshkumar , Kowalsky Jens , Simon Tom , Lutz Josef 
Published: December 2015

To understand the functioning of the gallium arsenide (GaAs) pin diode and to allow predictive simulations it is essential to have knowledge of the underlying physics. The GaAs pin diode is described with the help of experimental and simulation results. The static characteristics of 15 A – 600 V GaAs pin diodes were measured at ambient and elevated temperature. A quasi‐one‐dimensional simulation model was designed and compared with experimentally measured results. The surge current behaviour was investigated for GaAs pin diodes at two different temperatures. A thermal simulation was performed to give an overview over temperature distribution inside the GaAs pin diode. Several important physical device models and various parametric data were incorporated for theoretical investigation of these diodes. Good agreement between experimental and simulated results of GaAs pin diodes was found at all temperatures.
Burst C2 Fractures Combined with Traumatic Spondylolisthesis: Can Atlantoaxial Motion be Preserved? Including Some Technical Tips for Reduction and Fixation
Authors: Assaghir Yasser 
Published: December 2015

Study Design Retrospective comparative clinical case series. Objective Burst C2 fractures are very rare. Treatment options include conservative treatment or fusion (anterior, posterior, or anterior and posterior). Anterior fusion addresses mainly hangman component. The bursting body usually needs posterior or combined anterior-posterior fusion, but both permanently sacrifice atlantoaxial motion. Can anterior-“first” approach preserve C1–C2 motion and restore function? Methods We report nine cases of burst C2 combined with C2–C3 spondylolisthesis and an odontoid fracture. The surgical group included six patients treated initially with an anterior approach, moving to a posterior one when necessary. All were treated with anterior diskectomy fusion using one session and one incision. The halo group included three patients treated conservatively using halo traction followed by rigid collar. Assessments included self-reported, physiologic, and functional measures. Reduction was assessed using Roy-Camille's criteria and improvement of canal compression ratio. Clinical outcome was graded excellent, very good, good, or poor according to pain, range of motion, and work status. Results Mean follow-up was 44.5 ± 8.3 (range 36.0 to 62.0) weeks. Results in the surgical group were judged to be excellent in four and good in two. One patient developed atlantoaxial osteoarthritis. Results were good in one patient and poor in two patients in the halo group. Two patients developed atlantoaxial osteoarthritis. All three cases had work limitations. Conclusion A single anterior approach achieved union and preserved C1–C2 motion and function in some cases. Conservative treatment achieved union but failed to achieve good reduction or good clinical outcome in grossly instable fractures. However, we believe that the ideal management is yet to evolve.
Designer and natural peptide toxin blockers of the KcsA potassium channel identified by phage display
Authors: Zhao Ruiming , Dai Hui , Mendelman Netanel , Cuello Luis G. , Chill Jordan H. , Goldstein Steve A. N. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Peptide neurotoxins that inhibit specific ion channels are valuable for research and clinical care but unknown for most targets. Here we consider KcsA, an orphan potassium channel with no known toxin. We build a phage-display library expressing natural toxins related to the sea anemone toxin ShK and 1.5 million novel combinatorial variants. Peptides that bind tightly to KcsA are isolated and two are described: Hui1 is novel and specific for KcsA, and HmK is natural and promiscuous. The 3D structure and action of Hui1 validate our strategy and reveal an unexpected basis for channel inhibition wherein an arginine side chain, too large to enter the conduction pathway, interacts with potassium ions traversing the pore from the other side of the membrane.
Active imagination and the dead
Authors: Stephens Stephani 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe dead who appeared in Jung's death dreams and visions profoundly influenced Jung's experience and understanding of the unconscious.11 Jung's model of the psyche emerged as a result of his confrontation with the unconscious. During this intense time he had numerous encounters with figures of the unconscious; significant among these were the persistent appearances of those he called ‘the dead’. In his own words, ‘The conversations with the dead formed a kind of prelude to what I had to communicate to the world about the unconscious’ (Jung, 1961, p. 217). Since the publication ofThe Red Booka significant amount of material on the dead has come to light and points to the possibility that when Jung referred to ‘the dead’ in his personal material he was, in fact, referring to the literal dead as a separate category of experience. Such consideration has a bearing on concepts such as active imagination and the transcendent function.