bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soil organic matter reduces the sorption of arsenate and phosphate: a soil profile study and geochemical modelling
Authors: Verbeeck M. , Hiemstra T. , Thiry Y. , Smolders E. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe arsenate (AsO4) and phosphate (PO4) mobility in aerobic soil is affected by soil organic matter (OM). This study was set up to quantify the interaction between OM and AsO4 with an observational, experimental and computational approach. The adsorption of AsO4 was measured with the radiotracer 73AsO4 in samples taken from different horizons of two soil profiles. In four samples, the OM concentration was increased experimentally. The AsO4 adsorption data were analysed with the CD‐MUSIC model using ferrihydrite, with OM as competitor and isotopically exchangeable phosphorus of the soil as the total PO4 bound on the reactive surface. The solid–liquid distribution coefficient (KD) of 73AsO4 increased by more than two orders of magnitude with a decrease in total organic carbon (OC) concentration. The addition of Suwannee River OM (∼ 1 g OC kg‐1) to samples with small OC (∼ 2 g kg‐1) decreased the KD values 15‐fold, whereas the effect was less (two‐fold) in samples with a large OC (∼ 30 g kg‐1). Soluble AsO4 and PO4 could be described well and simultaneously by introducing surface reactive OM (RO−) as an adjustable parameter in the geochemical model. The fitted RO− increased with increasing OC concentration, with a slope of 1.3 ± 0.15 mmol RO− g‐1 OC. The amount of RO− expressed per mol iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) hydroxides was maximum at a molar ratio of ∼ 0.34 at > 10 g OC kg‐1 soil, which corresponds to earlier published capacities of an organo‐mineral association that might affect potential soil C sequestration. Our research showed that OM enhanced the mobility of AsO4 and PO4; however, the surface reactive OM fraction needs experimental quantification.Highlights

Quantification of organic matter–arsenate competition in soil.
Include organic matter in geochemical models to predict arsenate and phosphate mobility in soil.
Surface reactive organic matter is determined by total organic carbon and Fe and Al hydroxides.
Arsenate adsorption is controlled naturally by organic matter concentration.
Detecting Measurement Disturbances in Rater‐Mediated Assessments
Authors: Wind Stefanie A. , Schumacker Randall E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe term measurement disturbance has been used to describe systematic conditions that affect a measurement process, resulting in a compromised interpretation of person or item estimates. Measurement disturbances have been discussed in relation to systematic response patterns associated with items and persons, such as start‐up, plodding, boredom, or fatigue. An understanding of the different types of measurement disturbances can lead to a more complete understanding of persons or items in terms of the construct being measured. Although measurement disturbances have been explored in several contexts, they have not been explicitly considered in the context of performance assessments. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the use of graphical methods to explore measurement disturbances related to raters within the context of a writing assessment. Graphical displays that illustrate the alignment between expected and empirical rater response functions are considered as they relate to indicators of rating quality based on the Rasch model. Results suggest that graphical displays can be used to identify measurement disturbances for raters related to specific ranges of student achievement that suggest potential rater bias. Further, results highlight the added diagnostic value of graphical displays for detecting measurement disturbances that are not captured using Rasch model–data fit statistics.
18F‐sodium fluoride positron emission tomography of the equine distal limb: Exploratory study in three horses
Authors: Spriet M. , Espinosa P. , Kyme A. Z. , Phillips K. L. , Katzman S. A. , Galuppo L. D. , Stepanov P. , Beylin D. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBackgroundPositron emission tomography (PET) is a cross‐sectional, functional imaging modality that has recently become available to the horse. The use of 18F‐sodium fluoride (18F‐NaF), a PET bone tracer, has not previously been reported in this species.ObjectivesTo assess the feasibility of 18F‐NaF PET in the equine distal limb and explore possible applications in the horse in comparison with other imaging modalities.Study designExploratory descriptive study involving three research horses.MethodsHorses were placed under general anaesthesia prior to intravenous (i.v.) administration of 1.5 MBq/kg of 18F‐NaF. Positron emission tomography imaging of both front feet and fetlocks was performed using a portable scanner. Computed tomography (CT) of the distal limb was performed under a separate anaesthetic episode. Bone scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were subsequently performed under standing sedation. Images obtained from PET and other imaging modalities were independently assessed and the results correlated.ResultsPositron emission tomography images were obtained without complication. The radiation exposure rate was similar to equine bone scintigraphy. Positron emission tomography detected focal 18F‐NaF uptake in areas where other imaging modalities did not identify any abnormalities. This included sites of ligamentous attachment, subchondral compact bone plate and the flexor cortex of the navicular bone. 18F‐NaF uptake was identified in some, but not all, osseous fragments and areas of osseous formation, suggesting a distinction between active and inactive lesions.Main limitationsA small number of horses were included and histopathology was not available.Conclusions18F‐NaF PET imaging of the equine distal limb provides useful additional information when compared with CT, MRI and scintigraphy and has the potential for both research and clinical applications in the horse.
The Summary is available in Chinese – see Supporting information.
Drugs, addiction, and the social bond
Authors: Proudfoot Jesse 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article contributes towards the project of critically theorizing drug addiction by drawing on insights from psychoanalysis, anthropology, and geography. I argue that social bonds—that is, people's relationships to other people and to society—are central to the phenomenon of drug addiction, and I present three accounts of drug addiction and the social bond. The first is the classical psychoanalytic account of addiction, which holds that drug use is essentially masturbatory: a solitary pleasure that involves a turning away from the pleasure of being with others towards the pleasure of the drug. The second, which is associated with ethnographies of drug users, insists on the enduring sociality of drug use, demonstrating how even the most marginalized of drug addicts inhabits a social world of mores, obligations, and kinship relations. Third, I present an alternative psychoanalytic account of addiction, one which views addiction as a symptom that is meaningful—as an act or message that is addressed to the other. Each of these readings provides a different way of understanding the relationship between drug use, the social bond, and their respective geographies. I conclude by reviewing recent post‐structuralist work on drug use by geographers and argue that the psychoanalytic concept of the symptom provides a productive way forward in thinking about addiction—one that maintains a relational account of drug use while also providing us with a language for examining the place of drug‐using subject and the meanings that addiction plays for them.
Furosemide use and acute risk of hip fracture in older people: A nationwide case–control study in Taiwan
Authors: Lai Shih‐Wei , Cheng Kao‐Chi , Lin Cheng‐Li , Liao Kuan‐Fu 
Published: July 2017

AimLittle is known about the acute effects of furosemide use on the risk of hip fracture. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between furosemide use and acute risk of hip fracture in older people in Taiwan.MethodsWe carried out a retrospective nationwide case–control study using the database of the Taiwan National Health Insurance Program. A total of 4523 older adults aged ≥65 years with newly diagnosed hip fracture from 2000 to 2013 were identified as the cases. Additionally, 4523 older adults aged ≥65 years without hip fracture were randomly selected as the controls. The cases and the controls were matched by sex, age, comorbidities, and index year and month of hip fracture diagnosis. Furosemide use was defined as “current,” “recent” or “past” if the furosemide prescription was filled <3 months, 3–6 months or ≥6 months before the date of hip fracture diagnosis, respectively. The unconditional logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the relative risk of hip fracture associated with furosemide use.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential covariables, the adjusted odds ratios of hip fracture were 1.30 for participants with current use of furosemide (95% CI 1.14–1.48), 1.23 for participants with recent use of furosemide (95% CI 0.98–1.53) and 1.08 for participants with past use of furosemide (95% CI 0.90–1.30), compared with non‐users.ConclusionsCurrent use of furosemide is associated with a 30% increased odds of hip fracture in older people in Taiwan. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2552–2558.
Efficacy of photon‐initiated photoacoustic streaming on apically extruded debris with different preparation systems in curved canals
Authors: Arslan D. , Kustarci A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimTo determine the effect of photon‐initiated photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) on the extrusion of debris using multiple‐file (ProTaper Next‐PTN) and single‐file (One Shape‐OS) continuous rotary systems in curved canals in human molar teeth.MethodologySixty extracted maxillary first molar teeth with curved mesial roots, mature apices and of similar lengths were selected. Teeth having canals with apical diameters larger than size 15 were discarded. The teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n = 15 teeth per group) according to the file used and irrigation systems: (i) OS with PIPS with a 2940 nm Er:YAG laser (0.3 W, 15 Hz, and 20 mJ), (ii) OS with conventional needle irrigation (CNI) with a 27‐G needle, (iii) PTN with PIPS and (iv) PTN with CNI. The PIPS and CNI was applied during each file change for 20 s. Total irrigation and activation time was 1 min, and a total volume of 7.5 mL of bidistilled water was used as the irrigant. The apically extruded debris was collected into pre‐weighed Eppendorf tubes. The tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70 °C for 5 days. The weight of dry extruded debris was assessed by subtracting the initial weight of the tube from the final weight. The results were analysed statistically using one‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests. Bonferroni correction was used to compare the groups.ResultsThe PIPS irrigation technique was associated with significantly more debris extrusion than the CNI system (P < 0.05). The single‐file (One Shape‐OS) rotary system was associated with more debris than the multiple‐file (ProTaper Next‐PTN) rotary systems when the same irrigation system was used (P > 0.05). The total amount of debris extruded apically by PIPS activation was significantly greater than that by CNI (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAll file and irrigation systems extruded debris apically. PIPS activation was associated with significantly more extrusion debris in curved canals compared with no activation.
Comparative analysis of general dental practitioners' fees and scheduled fees for root canal treatment and coronal restorations in the adult population of Sweden: a 5‐year follow‐up of data from the Swedish Dental Register
Authors: Wigsten E. , Kvist T. , Dawson V. S. , Isberg P.‐E. ,   EndoReCo, Fransson H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate the fees charged by Swedish dentists for root fillings, coronal restorations and further dental interventions during a follow‐up period of 5–6 years.MethodologyA total of 248 299 root fillings were linked with the tooth, the patient and the provider and entered into the Swedish Social Insurance Agency register in 2009. The data register also recorded the subsidy‐based (scheduled) fee and the fee actually charged for the root fillings. Fees charged for direct or indirect coronal restorations and additional interventions during the follow‐up period were also recorded. One‐wayanovaandt‐test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe mean overall fee charged for a root filling was approximately 332 Euro and differed only marginally (13 Euro) from the scheduled fee. The total mean fee for preservation of a root filled tooth was 717 Euro, which included the root canal treatment, the coronal restoration and any additional interventions during the follow‐up period. The fees for indirectly restored root filled teeth were significantly higher (1105 Euro) than for directly restored teeth (610 Euro), despite further additional treatment (P < 0.001). The mean fee for teeth which were subsequently extracted was higher (769 Euro) than for the retained teeth (711 Euro) (P < 0.001).ConclusionsFees charged by Swedish dentists for root canal treatment were in accordance with the scheduled fees. The overall mean fee was significantly higher for root filled teeth with indirect restorations than for teeth with direct coronal restorations. However, prospective clinical cost‐effectiveness studies are needed to analyse the total costs.
Relation between working memory and self‐regulation capacities and the level of social skills acquisition in people with moderate intellectual disability
Authors: Dučić Bojan , Gligorović Milica , Kaljača Svetlana 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundSocial competence deficit is one of the main characteristics of intellectual disability. The aim of this paper is to determine the influence of working memory (WM) and self‐regulation (SR) on social skills in persons with moderate intellectual disability (MID).MethodThe sample included 41 participants with MID, aged 14‐21. Memorizing animals and maze tasks were used for WM assessment. SR skills were assessed by the Behavioral Multitask Batteries. Social skills were rated by the Socialization subscale from the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System II, which consists of two parts.ResultsSocial skills part could mainly be predicted from SR scores (β = −.441), followed by WM (β = .390) and IQ score (β = .382). Only WM score (β = .494) had a predictive value for Leisure time part.ConclusionAs WM had a greater influence on social skills, incorporating WM training into programmes for improving social skills in persons with MID should be considered.
The bone degenerative processes in senile fishes from Holocene Brazilian shell mounds
Authors: Aguilera O , Rocha I , Lopes M S , Lima I , Lopes R T , Machado A S , Guimarães R B , Crapez M A C , Tenório M C , Nepomuceno A 
Published: July 2017

AbstractZooarchaeological collections from shell mounds in Rio de Janeiro (2,470–4,632 calBP) contain a high prevalence of swollen fish bones belonging to the Atlantic spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber), crevalle jack (Caranx hippos) and fat snook (Centropomus parallelus). Given the lack of knowledge of the bone degenerative process in senile fishes, this study analysed hyperostotic bone in zooarchaeological and modern specimens to obtain high‐resolution morphology and microstructure reconstruction. We used microCTas well as X‐ray diffraction to characterize the crystallographic changes associated with fish senility. Our results showed that trabecular microstructures in hyperostotic bones were consistent with estimated values of the per cent bone volume‐to‐total volume ratio (BV/TV) and were greater than 60% in cortical bone. Hyperostotic bones indicated a high radiograph density, and X‐ray diffractograms showed a decrease in hydroxyapatite [Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] and calcite (CaCO3) neocrystallization. These crystalline and density changes revealed an advanced stage of fish senile and indicate the vulnerability of ageing fish populations.
Oral and upper gastrointestinal Crohn's disease
Authors: Laube Robyn , Liu Ken , Schifter Mark , Yang Jessica L , Suen Michael K , Leong Rupert W 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCrohn's disease is a heterogeneous, inflammatory condition that can affect any location of the gastrointestinal tract. Proximal gastrointestinal involvement occurs in 0.5–16% of patients, and it is usually diagnosed after recognition of intestinal disease. Symptoms are often mild and nonspecific; however, upper gastrointestinal disease predicts a more severe Crohn's phenotype with a greater frequency of complications such as obstruction and perforation. Gastroscopy and biopsy is the most sensitive diagnostic investigation. There is a paucity of data examining the treatment of this condition. Management principles are similar to those for intestinal disease, commencing with topical therapy where appropriate, progressing to systemic therapy such as glucocorticoids, 5‐aminosalicylic acid, immunomodulators, and biologics. Acid suppression therapy has symptomatic but no anti‐inflammatory benefit for gastroduodenal and esophageal involvement. Surgical intervention with bypass, strictureplasty, or less frequently, endoscopic balloon dilation may be required for complications or failed medical therapy.
Clinicopathological characteristics of desmoplastic ameloblastoma: A systematic review
Authors: Anand Rahul , Sarode Gargi S. , Sarode Sachin C. , Reddy Mamatha , Unadkat Hemant V. , Mushtaq Shazia , Deshmukh Revati , Choudhary Shakira , Gupta Nitin , Ganjre Anjali P. , Patil Shankargouda 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present review was to systematically present the clinicopathological data of desmoplastic ameloblastoma (DA) from articles published in the literature. A comprehensive search of the databases (PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) for published articles on DA was conducted. A total of 238 cases were identified and analyzed from 76 published papers. DA showed a slight male predilection (male: female=1.07:1) with a predominance in the fourth and fifth decades of life. Mandibular involvement (52.55%) was most commonly seen with a marked tendency for the anterior region (mandible: 40.9%, maxilla: 48.07%). The size of the lesion ranged from .5 cm to 20.4 cm, with the majority of cases measuring more than 3 cm in size (53.84%). Radiologically, most of the lesions presented mixed radiolucency and radiopacity (62%), and root resorption was observed in only seven cases. The majority of the lesions showed ill‐defined margins upon radiographic examination (65.78%). Most of the cases were treated with resection (78.57%), and five of the 10 recurrent cases were treated by enucleation/curettage. DA is characterized by the unique presentation of clinicopathological parameters. It is not possible to comment on its aggressive/recurrent nature and best treatment modality due to inadequate follow‐up data.
The feasibility of using pedometers for self‐report of steps and accelerometers for measuring physical activity in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities across an 18‐month intervention
Authors: Ptomey L. T. , Willis E. A. , Lee J. , Washburn R. A. , Gibson C. A. , Honas J. J. , Donnelly J. E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundImproving physical activity in adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs) is recommended to improve weight loss and general health. However, in order to determine the success of physical activity interventions, identification of feasible methods for assessment of physical activities is necessary. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of adults with IDD to track daily steps and wear an accelerometer.MethodsOverweight/obese adults with mild to moderate IDD followed a diet and physical activity program for 18 months. All participants were asked to wear a pedometer and track steps daily by using a pedometer and to provide accelerometer data for 7 days at baseline, 6, 12 and 18 months. Adherence to the pedometer protocol and plausibility of the number of recorded steps were assessed, and these measures along with average wear time of the accelerometer were recorded.ResultsData were collected from 149 participants (36.5 ± 12.2 years of age, 57% female). Participants recorded a step value on 81.5% of days across the 18‐month study, with 40.9% of written days classified as plausible. When wearing the accelerometer, 26.8% of participants met the recommended 4‐day/10‐h wear time criterion at baseline, and 22.6, 24.8 and 18.8% met the criterion at 6, 12 and 18 months, respectively.ConclusionsAdults with IDD will adhere reasonably well to wearing a pedometer long term, but may be unable to record the step data accurately. Furthermore, adults with IDD have poor compliance with accelerometer protocols, and future studies should determine if a shorter wear time protocol would produce valid data in this population.
Pressure and equilibrium in deforming rocks
Authors: Hobbs Bruce E. , Ord Alison 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIt is widely proposed that tectonic pressure (the difference between the mean stress and the pressure arising from a lithostatic load) is large, and has a significant influence on mineral phase equilibria in deforming metamorphic rocks. The implication/assertion is that the mean stress is equivalent to the thermodynamic pressure which characterizes mineral phase equilibria and is a measure of how the energy changes as the volume changes. We distinguish two useful thermodynamic pressures. The first is an equilibrium thermodynamic pressure, characteristic of non‐dissipative systems and related directly to equilibrium values of the chemical potentials that define stable, equilibrium phase assemblages. The second is a non‐equilibrium thermodynamic pressure characteristic of dissipative systems with zero net entropy production and related to non‐equilibrium chemical potentials that define stable non‐equilibrium phase assemblages. In many dissipative metamorphic systems discussed in the literature, the concepts of thermodynamic pressure and chemical potential are not usefully defined because the system is not at equilibrium and/or no volume change is involved in the deformation. The conclusion of this note is that the influence of tectonic pressure on phase equilibria is minor. The role of tectonic pressure is an important issue but is only relevant to phase equilibrium when an equilibrium thermodynamic pressure can be defined; in such cases, the influence of tectonic pressure is small compared to many proposals in the literature. Except for elastic deformations, the mean stress is not useful in discussing mineral phase equilibrium.