bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meaning of resilience as described by people with schizophrenia
Authors: Sumskis Susan , Moxham Lorna , Caputi Peter 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to understand the meaning of resilience, as described by people with schizophrenia. Building resilience is a component of recovery‐oriented mental health care, and yet almost no research has been conducted into the resilience of people who live with schizophrenia and who are routinely considered vulnerable. Establishing the meaning of resilience in the context of schizophrenia is an important first step in building understanding. van Kaam's psychophenomenological method was used to interpret 14 interviews with people with schizophrenia who are currently well and living in the community. Resilience is invoked in the tension between opposing forces of challenge and support and in the act of ‘striving’ to take control of schizophrenia. Striving includes repeated, seemingly backwards steps, and during this, the person takes risks and seeks out and uses supportive people and resources. Those same supportive people and resources can also be challenging. Resilience is an energy embedded in the process of recovery from schizophrenia, and is manifest in an attitude of striving. Taking on challenges and engaging in risk is important within treatment and recovery from schizophrenia.
Drought Tolerance and Water Use of Cereal Crops: A Focus on Sorghum as a Food Security Crop in Sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Hadebe S. T. , Modi A. T. , Mabhaudhi T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) faces twin challenges of water stress and food insecurity – challenges that are already pressing and are projected to grow. Sub‐Saharan Africa comprises 43 % arid and semi‐arid area, which is projected to increase due to climate change. Small‐scale, rainfed agriculture is the main livelihood source in arid and semi‐arid areas of SSA. Because rainfed agriculture constitutes more than 95 % of agricultural land use, water scarcity is a major limitation to production. Crop production, specifically staple cereal crop production, will have to adapt to water scarcity and improved water productivity (output per water input) to meet food requirements. We propose inclusion and promotion of drought‐tolerant cereal crops in arid and semi‐arid agro‐ecological zones of SSA where water scarcity is a major limitation to cereal production. Sorghum uniquely fits production in such regions, due to high and stable water‐use efficiency, drought and heat tolerance, high germplasm variability, comparative nutritional value and existing food value chain in SSA. However, sorghum is socio‐economically and geographically underutilized in parts of SSA. Sorghum inclusion and/or promotion in arid and semi‐arid areas of SSA, especially among subsistence farmers, will improve water productivity and food security.
A systematic review and qualitative synthesis of adolescents’ views of sexual readiness
Authors: Templeton Michelle , Lohan Maria , Kelly Carmel , Lundy Laura 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to synthesize the qualitative evidence investigating adolescents’ views on heterosexual readiness.BackgroundAdolescents’ understandings of sexual readiness are often missing in research and debates on sexual health and related concepts like sexual consent. Research to date has predominantly focussed on age and socio‐cultural predictors of sexual debut, thus failing to explain how adolescents themselves conceptualize their readiness for heterosexual relations.DesignA systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative evidence.Data sourcesCINAHL, Psychinfo, PubMed, Web of science were searched, 1985–Feb 2016.Review methodsCritical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist was used to assess methodological quality. A thematic synthesis focused on commonalities and variations in the data from included studies on adolescents’ perspectives of their readiness for sex.ResultsSixteen studies were included. Themes identified were: social learning, relationships and implications for sexual health promotion and practice.ConclusionsAdolescents may not view initiating sex as problematic, focusing instead on the rewards sex brings and less on health concerns. Adolescents tend to reproduce dominant gender norms of masculinity and femininity in communication about sexual decision‐making, which are sometimes influenced by social scripts of career aspirations and ethnic identity. Age was also significant in adolescents’ accounts. Early adolescence is a critical period when understandings of gender equality become embedded, thus an opportunity to engage adolescents in critiquing ideas about gender equality and sexual rights. Further research exploring adolescents’ understandings of sexual readiness is required. We recommend a participatory approach to support the inclusion of adolescent voices to inform contextually relevant sexual health promotion strategies.
Conceptualization of physical exercise and keeping fit by child wheelchair users and their parents
Authors: Noyes Jane , Spencer Llinos Haf , Bray Nathan , Kubis Hans‐Peter , Hastings Richard P. , Jackson Matthew , O'Brien Thomas D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTo gain a better understanding of how children aged 6–18 years who use wheelchairs and their families conceptualized physical exercise and keeping fit.BackgroundDisabled children with reduced mobility are commonly overweight and unfit. Nurse‐led health screening programmes in schools commonly exclude disabled children if they cannot use standard weighing scales or stand against height measuring sticks.DesignQualitative interview study at two time points over 6 months with children who use wheelchairs and their families.MethodsFramework analysis using the theory of planned behaviour.FindingsMainly physically active participants were recruited (24 children and 23 parents) 2013–2014. Despite engaging in high levels of physical exercise, children were assessed as fit but had elevated body fat and did not realize how fit they were or that they were slightly overweight and nor did their parents. Children enjoyed the social benefits of exercise. Unlike their parents, children confused the purpose and outcomes of physical exercise with therapy (e.g. physiotherapy) and incorrectly understood the effects of physical exercise on body function and strength, preventing stiffness, increasing stamina and reducing fatigue. A new model was developed to show children's misconceptions.ConclusionsProactive parents can overcome barriers to enable their children to benefit from physical exercise. Professionals need to increase communication clarity to improve children's understanding of therapy compared with physical exercise outcomes. Inclusion of children who use wheelchairs in health education policy; routine health screening; physical education classes and teacher training requires improvement. Body composition measurement is recommended, for which nurses will need training.
A systematic review: effectiveness of pediatric peripheral intravenous catheterization strategies
Authors: Parker Shannon I.A. , Benzies Karen M. , Hayden K. Alix 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to identify interventions associated with peripheral intravenous catheterization first attempt success in pediatric inpatients and emergency department patients who require vascular access for therapeutic interventions.BackgroundUnsuccessful peripheral intravenous catheterization puts children at risk for increased pain and treatment delays. Effective interventions to increase peripheral intravenous catheterization first attempt success are unclear.DesignSystematic review of randomized controlled trials according to the Cochrane Handbook for the Systematic Review of Interventions.Data sourcesThrough November and December 2014, we searched 10 databases including MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID) and CINAHL (EBSCO) without date limits. The references of articles were also reviewed. We included full text reports of randomized controlled trials testing intervention first attempt success rates vs. standard of care.Review methodsAccording to inclusion and exclusion criteria set a priori, data were extracted using a standardized tool. We assessed for risk of bias with the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias Tool. Due to unclear reporting narrative synthesis was used to report results.ResultsFour cluster randomized control trials and ten randomized control trials involving 4539 participants ranging from 15·6 days to 16 years of age met our inclusion criteria. We excluded the four cluster trials from meta‐analysis due to unclear reporting. Interventions did not increase first attempt success rate compared with standard of care.ConclusionsThere was insufficient evidence to support the use of ultrasound, infrared light or transillumination. Interventions to reduce children's pain did not decrease first attempt success. Research examining between‐clinician proficiency and persistence differences is absent.
Bimodal latitudinal species richness and high endemicity of razor clams (Mollusca)
Authors: Saeedi Hanieh , Dennis Todd E. , Costello Mark J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimTo examine the global distribution, endemicity, and latitudinal gradients of species richness of razor clams, family Solenidae.LocationGlobal.MethodsA total of 3105 distribution records for 77 Solen and Solena species were used. Species richness was plotted in 5° latitude–longitude cells and related to environmental variables.ResultsThe north‐west Pacific and the Indo‐West Pacific have the highest species richness (about 85% of all species)–mostly in the Sea of Japan, China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand and the Andaman Sea. Cluster analysis of similarity patterns of species composition (i.e., presence of Solenidae species) for 5° latitudinal–longitudinal grid cells showed 16 significant biogeographical regions that concur with existing marine biogeographical hypotheses. More than half of the species were endemic to specific biogeographical regions. The geographical distribution of species in 5° latitudinal bands showed a significant bimodal pattern. Global patterns of species richness increased from the poles to intermediate latitudes and dipped near the equator. A non‐linear relationship between species richness and mean sea‐surface temperature (SST) values was compatible with this bimodal pattern. Two inflection points of species richness with correlation of SST at 12 °C (low species richness) and 28 °C (high species richness) were coincident with the bimodal latitudinal species richness pattern. Species richness was highly positively correlated with mean SST over all latitudes, and within the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Species richness decreased with SST range over all latitudes and in the Northern Hemisphere. Species richness also decreased with chlorophyll‐a concentration and primary productivity, but increased with ocean area in the Northern Hemisphere (only).Main conclusionsThe latitudinal distribution in species richness of Solenidae peaked at 10° N and 25° S rather than at the equator, exhibiting a strongly bimodal pattern that is likely to be temperature driven.
Emerging technologies for salivaomics in cancer detection
Authors: Kaczor‐Urbanowicz Karolina Elżbieta , Martín Carreras‐Presas Carmen , Kaczor Tadeusz , Tu Michael , Wei Fang , Garcia‐Godoy Franklin , Wong David T. W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSalivary diagnostics has great potential to be used in the early detection and prevention of many cancerous diseases. If implemented with rigour and efficiency, it can result in improving patient survival times and achieving earlier diagnosis of disease. Recently, extraordinary efforts have been taken to develop non‐invasive technologies that can be applied without complicated and expensive procedures. Saliva is a biofluid that has demonstrated excellent properties and can be used as a diagnostic fluid, since many of the biomarkers suggested for cancers can also be found in whole saliva, apart from blood or other body fluids. The currently accepted gold standard methods for biomarker development include chromatography, mass spectometry, gel electrophoresis, microarrays and polymerase chain reaction‐based quantification. However, salivary diagnostics is a flourishing field with the rapid development of novel technologies associated with point‐of‐care diagnostics, RNA sequencing, electrochemical detection and liquid biopsy. Those technologies will help introduce population‐based screening programs, thus enabling early detection, prognosis assessment and disease monitoring. The purpose of this review is to give a comprehensive update on the emerging diagnostic technologies and tools for the early detection of cancerous diseases based on saliva.
Region‐specific effects of oestradiol on adipose‐derived stem cell differentiation in post‐menopausal women
Authors: Cox‐York Kimberly A. , Erickson Christopher B. , Pereira Rocio I , Bessesen Daniel H. , Van Pelt Rachael E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe goal of this study was to determine the effect of acute transdermal 17β‐oestradiol (E2) on the adipogenic potential of subcutaneous adipose‐derived stem cells (ASC) in post‐menopausal women. Post‐menopausal women (n = 11; mean age 57 ± 4.5 years) were treated for 2 weeks, in a randomized, cross‐over design, with transdermal E2 (0.15 mg) or placebo patches. Biopsies of abdominal (AB) and femoral (FEM) subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were obtained after each treatment and mature adipocytes were analysed for cell size and ASC for their capacity for proliferation (growth rate), differentiation (triglyceride accumulation) and susceptibility to tumour necrosis factor alpha‐induced apoptosis. Gene expression of oestrogen receptors α and β (ESR1 and ESR2), perilipin 1 and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL), was also assessed. In FEM SAT, but not AB SAT, 2 weeks of E2 significantly (P = 0.03) increased ASC differentiation and whole SAT HSL mRNA expression (P = 0.03) compared to placebo. These changes were not associated with mRNA expression of oestrogen receptors α and β, but HSL expression was significantly increased in FEM SAT with transdermal E2 treatment. Adipose‐derived stem cells proliferation and apoptosis did not change in either SAT depot after E2 compared with placebo. Short‐term E2 appeared to increase the adipogenic potential of FEM, but not AB, SAT in post‐menopausal women with possible implications for metabolic disease. Future studies are needed to determine longer term impact of E2 on regional SAT accumulation in the context of positive energy imbalance.
Pro‐apoptotic Noxa is involved in ablative focal irradiation‐induced lung injury
Authors: Kim Jee‐Youn , An Yong‐Min , Choi Won Hoon , Kim Jin‐Mo , Cho Samju , Yoo Byung Rok , Kang Jeong Wook , Lee Yun‐Sil , Lee Yoon‐Jin , Cho Jaeho 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAlthough lung injury including fibrosis is a well‐documented side effect of lung irradiation, the mechanisms underlying its pathology are poorly understood. X‐rays are known to cause apoptosis in the alveolar epithelial cells of irradiated lungs, which results in fibrosis due to the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblasts and the deposition of collagen. Apoptosis and BH3‐only pro‐apoptotic proteins have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Recently, we have established a clinically analogous experimental model that reflects focal high‐dose irradiation of the ipsilateral lung. The goal of this study was to elucidate the mechanism underlying radiation‐induced lung injury based on this model. A radiation dose of 90 Gy was focally delivered to the left lung of C57BL/6 mice for 14 days. About 9 days after irradiation, the mice began to show increased levels of the pro‐apoptotic protein Noxa in the irradiated lung alongside increased apoptosis and fibrosis. Suppression of Noxa expression by small interfering RNA protected cells from radiation‐induced cell death and decreased expression of fibrogenic markers. Furthermore, we showed that reactive oxygen species participate in Noxa‐mediated, radiation‐induced cell death. Taken together, our results show that Noxa is involved in X‐ray‐induced lung injury.
Testosterone production ability predicts breeding success and tracks breeding stage in male finches
Authors: Cain K. E. , Pryke S. R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTestosterone (T) is an important mediator of reproductive behaviours and potential target for selection. However, there are few data relating natural variation in T to fitness estimates. Here, we used the GnRH challenge (an injection of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone which stimulates maximal T release), to examine how individual differences in T relate to reproductive success and how T changes across date and breeding stage. We measured pre‐ and post‐challenge T, in captive male Gouldian finches (Erythrura gouldiae), before and after introducing females, and across breeding stage. Post‐challenge T before introducing females positively predicted breeding success. Post‐challenge T levels were unrelated to date, but strongly related to stage; T production ability was strongly attenuated in incubating males. Prechallenge T levels related only to date. Our results suggest that T production ability is an important target for selection and that when males invest heavily in parental care they reduce their sensitivity to GnRH.
Effects of drying methods on quality attributes of murta (ugni molinae turcz) berries: bioactivity, nutritional aspects, texture profile, microstructure and functional properties
Authors: López Jessica , Shun Ah‐Hen Kong , Vega‐Gálvez Antonio , Morales Amelia , García‐Segovia Purificación , Uribe Elsa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe effects of five different drying methods: convective drying, vacuum drying, freeze‐drying, infrared‐radiation drying, and sun‐drying on various characteristic properties of murta berries from southern Chile were evaluated. The drying methods were found to have significantly different effects on the characteristics of the dried berries. Freeze‐drying process caused the least damage to the bioactive components. Over 50% loss of free total flavonoids occurred during infrared‐radiation drying, while freeze‐drying hardly affected total flavonoids in both free and bound forms. The freeze‐dried samples had the highest rehydration rate and water‐holding‐capacity, significantly different to samples of the other drying methods. Hardness was only reduced by freeze‐drying. Microstructure of the freeze‐dried samples showed similarity with that of the unprocessed berries, while noticeable cell wall collapse occurred during the other drying processes. The results obtained could be helpful in deciding for the most appropriate drying method for a desired quality of the dried murta berries.Practical ApplicationDrying process causes in murta berries visible physical changes that are not sufficient to evaluate quality. Nutritional aspects and biological activity that are important criteria in judging suitability of the dried murta berries as a starting raw material for developing functional foods are known to be affected by drying conditions. Therefore in this study, classic drying methods that involve a wide range of drying conditions were performed to analyse their effects on characteristic properties of dried murta berries. The data recollected are useful in the design of a drying process that best retain or even strengthen the original nutritional quality and bioactivity of the processed berries.
Diversity study of microbial community in bacon using metagenomic analysis
Authors: Yi Langbo , Su Guirong , Hu Guang , Peng Qingzhong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study is aimed to explore the diversity and dynamics of microorganisms in bacon. The microbes in 36 bacon samples collected from different plots (BC, BL, and BY) and process stages (stage I, II, III, and IV) were investigated by 16S rDNA sequencing. Quality control and operational taxonomic units clustering was performed by Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology software. Total 1,460 representative sequences were identified. The relative abundance of Firmicutes in BC samples was significantly lower than BY samples (p value = .0304). The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in BC samples was significantly higher than BL (p value = .0072) and BY (p value = .0258) samples. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in stage I was higher than stage IV (p value = .0148). Similarity clustering tree showed that Staphylococcus, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, and Leuconostoc had higher abundances. These dominant categories might be used for controlling the transformation process and improving flavor and safety of bacon.Practical applicationsBacon is a well‐known fermented meat product that contains many microbes. Using 16S rDNA sequencing, the microbial community in 36 bacon samples collected from different plots and different process stages were investigated. After quality control and OUT clustering, the representative sequences of operational taxonomic units were annotated by Recombination Detection Program‐classifier method. Alpha diversity analysis, species composition analysis and abundance difference analysis separately were performed using Mothur software, Quantitative Insights Into Microbial Ecology software and the metastats command in Mothur. Staphylococcus was abundant in BY samples, which could result in infection. Sphingomonas, which was a major bacteria in BC samples, might affect the flavor of bacon in the stage I of processing. Additionally, Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae, and Leuconostoc might have correlation with spoilage of bacon. These findings might be valuable for finding the bacterial species that can be used for controlling the transformation process of raw materials and improving flavor and safety of bacon.
Celiac disease and Helicobacter pylori infection in children: Is there any Association?
Authors: Narang Manish , Puri Amarender Singh , Sachdeva Sanjeev , Singh Jatinderpal , Kumar Ajay , Saran Ravindra K 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground and AimHelicobacter pylori (HP) infection can influence the inflammatory and immune responses in the gut and may therefore play a role in the development of gluten‐related enteropathy in genetically susceptible individuals. Our objective was to assess the relationship between celiac disease and HP infection in children.MethodsChildren (1–18 years) diagnosed as celiac disease (CD) (n = 324) with submission of gastric and duodenal biopsies and duodenal histology having Marsh grade III features were eligible for the study. Non‐celiac patients referred for endoscopy were selected as controls. We studied proportion of HP prevalence in children with confirmed CD as compared with HP prevalence in reference group comprising non‐celiac children referred for endoscopy. We also evaluated predictors of HP infection in children with celiac disease.ResultsOf the 324 participants with CD, gastric HP was seen in 37 (11.4%) patients. The prevalence of HP in patients without CD (50%, P < 0.001) was significantly higher. Among patients with CD, HP infection was most frequent in patients with Marsh IIIa. In the stepwise regression analysis for risk factors of HP infection in CD patients: presence of gastritis, hemoglobin, and absence of scalloping were found to be independent predictors in a multivariate setup.ConclusionCeliac disease and gastric HP infection have inverse relationship that raises the question whether development of HP infection confers protection against CD.