bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Blueberry, Full Season Control of Broad Spectrum Insect Pests, 1994
Authors: Johnson James W. , Kriegel Robert D. , Wise John C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were applied to mature blueberry bushes near Douglas, MI at a rate of 50 gpa with a FMC 1029 airblast sprayer. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design of single 44 foot-long rows of vines replicated 4 times. Funginex was applied separately to all treatments. Applications of materials were made on 16 Jun (Petal Fall), 22 Jun (PF), 21 Jul (BBM threshold) and 2 Aug (BBM threshold + 14 days). Maggot threshold was defined as the capture of 2 adult R. mendax flies in yellow sticky card traps sprayed with a saturated ammonium acetate solution. The first maggot spray was applied within 7 days of reaching the threshold. Damage from early season fruitworms was evaluated on 13 Jun. Damage was assessed by sampling 50 fruit clusters from each replicate. Each cluster was rated for the presence or absence of fruitworm injury. BBM injury was evaluated on 16 Aug. Maggot injury was assessed by picking 2 onepint subsamples of fruit from each replicate. Subsamples were processed by macerating one pint of berries and 2 cups of water in a blender. The solution was then poured through a series of sieves. Maggots were retained on the finest sieve. Results were expressed as maggots per pint of berries.
Citrus Rust Mite Control on Texas Citrus, 1994
Authors: Victor French J. , Jackson Michael B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Foliar spray treatments of Kelthane and Agri-Mek, along or tank-mixed with either NR 440 oil, Blue Lightning surfactant or Trisert foliar fertilizer (26% nitrogen and 0.5% Boron) were compared to a Temik soil treatment. All treatments were randomized and replicated 4 times on plots of 4 trees each in a 9 yr old grapefruit block on 15 × 28 ft spacing. Spray treatments were applied using an FMC 1229 single volute commercial air blast sprayer with speed, nozzling and pressure adjusted to apply 250 gpa. Temik was incorporated into the soil in a 4 ft wide band at the canopy drip line on both sides of the tree row and activated by flood irrigation. All treatments were applied on 11 May with CRM counts made at 7 to 14 day intervals. At each sample date, 12 fruit were randomly selected in each tree (48 fruit per replicated plot) and examined for CRM in situ with a 10X handlens. All live CRM (except eggs) were counted in two, 1-cm2 lens fields on the shaded sides of each fruit. The two counts per fruit were averaged and recorded as one observation.
Commercial Spray Trial with Bas 300 111 on Texas Citrus, 1994
Authors: Victor French J. , Villarreal Santiago 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental BAS 300 1II was compared to the standard acaricides, Agri-Mek + NR 440 oil and Vendex, for efficacy against CRM. Treatments were randomized and replicated 3 times on plots of 4 trees each in an 8 yr old grapefruit orchard on a spacing of 15 × 24 ft. Treatment sprays were applied on 9 May using an FMC 1229 single volute commercial air blast sprayer operating at 1 mph, with nozzling and pressure calibrated to apply 250 gpa. At each count date, 50 fruit per replicate were randomly selected at arms length inside the tree canopy and examined for CRM in situ with a 10X handlens. All live CRM (except eggs) were counted in two, 1-cm2 lens fields on each fruit. The two counts per fruit were averaged and recorded as one observation. At harvest, 50 randomly sampled fruit from each replicate were evaluated for CRM damage. If & one third of the fruit surface area had CRM damage it was downgraded to process or juice fruit. The percent of downgraded fruit for each treatment was determined and expressed as percent russet.
Apple, Control of the Obliquebanded Leafroller with Bacillus Thuringiensis and Cryolite in Summer, 1994
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Doerr M. D. , Smith L. O. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Different B. thuringiensis products and Kryocide (cryolite) were evaluated for their ability to control OBLR larvae of the summer generation. The test was conducted in an apple orchard near Milton-Freewater, OR. The trees were 3-yr-old ‘Delicious’ on dwarfing roots. Treatments were applied to four-tree plots replicated five times using a RCB design. All treatments were applied on 23, 30 Jun and 11 Jul with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gpa. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 27 Jul. The number of live OBLR larvae on all four trees of a treatment replication was counted.
Aphid Control Trials in Louisiana, 1994
Authors: Hall Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two rates of Admire 2F, with and without a nonionic wetting agent, were evaluated for control of aphids on pecan. The test was conducted at a pecan orchard located south of Benton, LA (Bossier Parish). The plots were arranged in a RCBD. Six limbs, one limb per treatment, were tagged on each of 3 trees of the ‘Schley’ cultivar. Pretreatment counts were made on 16 Sep by selecting 5 compound leaves per limb and counting the number of aphids (nymphs and adults) present. Treatments were applied immediately following the pretreatment counts.
Control of Sweetpotato Whitefly on Fall Broccoli, 1993
Authors: Palumbo L. C. , Mullis C. , Reyes F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Broccoli was direct seeded on 22 Sep into double row beds on 40 inches centers at the University of Arizona Yuma Agricultural Center. Plots consisted of 4 beds, 50 feet long with a two bed buffer between the plots. Plot preparation and seasonal maintenance followed local practices. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Foliar sprays were applied using a tractor-mounted sprayer which delivered 60 gpa at 300 psi. The spray boom covered four beds with two nozzles (TX08 hollow cone) per bed suspended from the boom. A spreader/sticker (Dynamic) was applied at 0.5% v/v in all treatments. Foliar applications were initiated when immature whitefly densities reached measurable levels and were made on 13, 20, 28 Oct and 9 Nov. Admire and CGA215944 were applied to the seed bed at planting (22 Sep) with a 2 inch band application delivering 15 GPA directly over the seed line and immediately followed by sprinkler irrigation. The CGA 215944 treatment also received foliar sprays of CGA 215944 on 13, 20, 28 Oct and 9 Nov. Insect data were collected only from the inner two beds of each plot. Immature SPWF densities were estimated weekly by counting total immatures on four-2.5 cm2 leaf disks from each of 10 leaves per plot. Adults were assessed by collecting adults from plants with a modified Vacuum collector. Data were log transformed (log10 + 1) before analysis of variance, and treatment differences were estimated with Ryan’s Q-test.
Insecticidal and Microbial Control of Lepidopteran Pests in Minnesota Cabbage, 1994
Authors: Bartels D. W. , Bolin P. C. , Hutchison W. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted on the University of Minnesota Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station. Cabbage was transplanted 23 Jun into plots consisting of two 25 ft (7.62 m) rows on 40 inch (1.02 m) centers. Plants were spaced 13 inches (0.33 m) apart. Ten ft (3.05 m) borders and 7 ft (2.13 m) alleys separated the plots. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied 28 Jul, 5, 12, and 19 Aug using a moderate-clearance Spirit sprayer with 6 TX-10 hollowcone nozzles (1 overhead and 2 drop nozzles per row). The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 27 gpa (252.5 liters/ha) at 47 psi (3.3 kg/cm2) and 3 mph (4.8 km/hr). Bond sticker/extender was added to all treatments at a rate of 0.10 fl oz/gal (0.79 ml/liter). Insect counts were taken 4 and 22 Aug. Plots were harvested and evaluated for feeding damage on 25 Aug using Green’s rating scale (J. Econ. Entomol. 1969 62(4): 798-800): 1 = no feeding damage; 2 = minor feeding damage on the wrapper leaves (≤ 1% eaten); 3 = moderate feeding damage on the wrapper leaves (2-5% eaten) with no head damage; 4 = moderate feeding damage on the wrapper leaves (6-10% eaten) and minor feeding scars on the head; 5 = moderate to heavy feeding on the wrapper leaves (11-30% eaten) and moderate feeding scars on the head; 6 = &gt;30% of the wrapper leaves eaten and numerous feeding scars on the head.
Testing for Possible Antagonism Between Dimethoate and Bacillus Thuringiensis for Control of Diamondback Moth on Cabbage, 1994
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 1 Jul at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 18-inch plant spacing. Treatments were replicated 4 times in an RCB design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips and delivering 30 gpa at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply applications of each treatment. Nufilm 17 sticker was applied at a rate of .03% v/v with all treatments.
Comparison of Various Classes of Foliar Insecticides for Worm Control in Fall Cabbage, 1994
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted in two fields on 10 Aug at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. In both fields, each plot consisted of a single 25 ft × 3 ft row, replicated four times in a randomized, complete block design. Plots were separated by untreated guard rows. Sprays were applied on the dates indicated in the tables using a 3 hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of all worm species present and final market ratings on 5 randomly chosen plants/plot. Sampling dates for each field are indicated in the tables. Market ratings were estimated according to Greene et al. in J. Econ. Entomol. 62(4): 798-800. A rating greater than 3 is considered unmarketable.
Use of Pymetrozine (CGA-215 944) to Control Cabbage Aphids in Collards, 1994
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted in a commercial collards field planted on 17 Aug near the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25 ft × 3 ft row, bordered on each side by an untreated guard row, and replicated four times in a randomized, complete block design. Treatments were applied 15 Sep with a single hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi and the total number of cabbage aphids was counted 20 and 28 Sep on 10 randomly picked leaves/plot.
Apple, Control of the Pandemis Leafroller with RH-5992, 1993
Authors: Brunner J. F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An experimental insecticide, RH-5992, was evaluated for its ability to control PLR larvae of the overwintering generation. The test was conducted in an apple orchard near Wenatchee. Trees were 10-yr-old spur-type (‘Oregon Spur II’) on seedling roots. Treatments were applied to three-tree plots replicated five times using a RCB design. All treatments were applied with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gpa. Two rates of RH-5992 plus Lorsban and methyl-parathion were applied at the half-inch green tip (HIG) stage of apple bud development (19 Apr). Two rates of RH-5992 were also applied at the pink stage of apple bud development (5 May). Pre-treatment evaluations were made on 19 Apr by examining 20 fruiting buds per tree and recording the number infested. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 20 May when surviving larvae could be easily located in flower clusters and growing shoots. Each tree was sampled and the number of live PLR larvae recorded. On the first day following the 19 Apr application, five spurs were collected from the middle tree within each replicate of each RH-5992 treatment and the untreated plot (25 total per treatment). Spurs were returned to the laboratory and one was placed in a 2-oz plastic portion cup. One 10-d-old PLR larva reared on artificial diet, usually a third instar, was placed in the cup and the lid put in place. After the 5 May applications, 10 spurs were collected from each RH-5992 treatment and the untreated plot (50 total per treatment). At the same time, PLR larvae were collected from the same orchard where the test was conducted. Spurs were returned to the laboratory, and one was placed in a 2-oz plastic portion cup. One 10-d-old PLR larva reared on artificial diet, usually a third instar, was placed in the cup and the lid put in place. In addition, field-collected leafroller larvae were placed on spurs in plastic cups and handled the same as the laboratory-reared larvae. All larvae were kept at 70°F for 7 d, after which they were examined and the number of live or dead (dead included larvae which were alive but with slipped head capsules) larvae was recorded.
Control of Tobacco Flea Beetle on Eggplant, 1993
Authors: Marutani Mari , Flis Cody 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seedlings of ‘Nitta’ eggplant were planted individually in pots of 15.24 cm diameter with soil-potting mix. The number of tobacco flea beetles on 25 plants with 2-3 expanded leaves averaged 4.1 per plant (SD = 2.60) before applying treatments on 10 Nov. After applying treatments with hand sprayers, plants from the 5 treatments and 5 replications were arranged in a Latin square design. All treatments included a drop of sticker (Latron B-1956) to ensure uniform chemical coverage on the plants. The number of adult tobacco flea beetles was recorded for each plant on 13, 15, 16, 17, and 18 Nov.
Control of Onion Thrips in Onions, Comparison of Registered Materials, 1992
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Al-Dosari Saleh 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in a production field of transplanted onions (cv. ‘Redman’) near Greeley, CO. Onions were planted in two row beds and individual plots consisted of two beds, 25-ft in length, arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Treatments were applied 30 Jun using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre at 35 psi. Treatment evaluations were made by counting all thrips on six plants within the center rows of each plot. Since populations were declining rapidly during the course of this experiment, only a single evaluation was made.
Control of Onion Thrips in Onions, Greeley, Co, 1994
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Al-Dosari Saleh 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were established 13 Jul at a commercial production field of seeded onions northeast of Greeley, CO. Plots consisted of a single double-row bed (36-inch centers), 25-ft in length, arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments were applied 13 Jul and 26 Jul using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre at 45 psi. Evaluations were made 20 Jul and 5 Aug, using whole plant counts of ten plants in the center of each plot. Thrips populations were naturally declining greatly at the latter part of the experiment due to the effects of biological controls and crop maturation. Several of the plants had already started to fall over which may also have affected the second application results.
Onion Maggot Control, 1994
Authors: Davis M. , Anandwala Y. , Bommarito M. , Grafius E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Onions were seeded at the Brink Farm near Grant, Michigan on 6 May and at the Krummery Farm near Stockbridge, Michigan on 11 May, in single rows using a vee-belt seeder with a 1 inch wide shoe, 12 seeds per foot of row. At each site, plots were replicated five times in a randomized complete block arrangement. Onion seeds coated with ProGro fungicide from four seed-coating companies, with or without Trigard in the coating (50 g per kg of seed), were used in the trials. Cultivars and coating techniques were unknown to us. Lorsban 15 G (3.7 oz/1000 row ft) and Exp6055A (fipronil) 1.5 G (0.025 lbs Al/acre, 0.3 g/1000 row ft) were applied in furrow at planting with seed treatment A seeds at Grant and seed treatment B seeds at Stockbridge. Healthy and damaged plants were counted weekly, 13 Jun to 7 Jul. Plots were harvested 9 Aug.
Control of Lepidopterous Pests on Cabbage, 1995
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 10 Aug at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25ft row with 3ft spacing between rows. Plots were separated from each other by untreated guard rows. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Treatments were applied with a backpack sprayer using 3 hollow cone nozzles/row and delivering 60 gal water/acre .at 40 psi. Application dates were 30 Aug; 12, 19, and 26 Sep; 9 and 18 Oct. An additional V71639 application was made on 5 Sep, as early applications of this material are necessary for maximum ovicidal activity. Latron B-1956 was added to each treatment at 8oz/100 gal water. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of all worm species present on 5 random plants/plot. Dates with high populations for each species are recorded in the table. On 26 Oct, 5 plants/plot were rated for feeding damage according to Greene et al. in J. Econ. Entomol. 62(4): 798-800. A rating greater than 3 is considered unmarketable.
Control of Fall Armyworm and Corn Earworm with Chemical and Biological Insecticides in Florida Sweet Corn, Fall 1994
Authors: Stansly P.A. , Conner J.M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of azadirachtin formulations alone and in combination with Bacillus thuringiensis var. aizawai, two formulations of cyhalothrin, and Lannate were compared. Six polyethylene-mulched beds 32 inches wide configured in 2 sets of 3 on 6 ft centers separated by a 15 ft drive middle were planted on 29 Aug in double rows 12 inches between rows and plants. The center bed was used as an untreated source of inoculum and the remaining beds divided into 33 ft plots and assigned treatments in a RCBD with 7 treatments and 4 replications. Whorls of all plants were inoculated with 1-2 neonate fall armyworm larvae on 5 Oct using a bazooka gun and Grito-O-Cobs at 24-4O mesh. Treatments were applied weekly for 6 weeks beginning 7 Oct using a high clearance sprayer configured with 1 overhead nozzle per row equipped with a diaphragm pump operating at 200 psi and calibrated to delivery 21 gpa at 2.5 mph. APSA 80 was tank mixed with Karate and Lannate treatments at 5 oz/100 gallon. The dispersants Petro and Morwet were added to 25% of the spray water at a rate of 0.38 gram of 3% microencapsulated azadirachtin (WRC7305) and mixed for 3 minutes before adding remaining water containing the adjuvant B-1956 at 2 oz/gal. Feeding on inner 3 whorl leaves or tassel was rated weekly for 16 plants on a scale of 1 to 6 corresponding to 0, &gt;1%, 2-5%, 6-10%, 11-30%, and &gt;30% damage respectively. The same 16 plants per plot were harvested twice and number and ears evaluated for weight and marketability. Culls were evaluated as to cause of damage and larvae identified and counted. In addition, 10 stalks from each plot were opened to search for borers but none were found.
Use of Imidacloprid (Admire 2F and Provado 1.6 F) to Control Green Peach Aphid in Lettuce, 1995
Authors: Palumbo J. C. , Mullis C. H. , Reyes F. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Lettuce was direct seeded into double-row beds on 11 Nov at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, Az. Each plot consisted of four, 70 ft long beds spaced 42 inches apart and bordered on each side by an untreated bed. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replicates. The Admire 2F treatments were applied 2 in. sub-seed furrow by injecting the material into the beds with long, narrow shanks before seeding. The Admire sidedress treatment was applied 3-4 in. into the soil 60 days after planting. All Admire treatments were applied with water and delivered at 20 gal/acre total volume. Foliar applications of Provado and MSR + Capture were made on 24, 27 Jan and 4 Feb with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with a two-bed boom, having two nozzles per bed (TX 12 hollow cone), and delivering 20.5 gal/acre at 40 psi. Aphid numbers per plant were estimated on 20 Dec, 3, 19 Jan, and 2, 16 Feb by collecting 15 plants per plot and counting the total number of aphids present on each plant. Aphid infestations at harvest (20 Feb) were estimated by recording the percentage of plants infested with &gt;0 and &gt;10 aphids on wrapper leaves and heads. Because of heterogeneity of mean variances, insect data was transformed (log10 x + 1) prior to analysis. Treatment differences among means were estimated with the Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch multiple F test.
Efficacy of Pyrethroids and Lannate on Lepidopterous Larvae in Lettuce, 1995
Authors: Palumbo J. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Lettuce was direct seeded into double-row beds on 9 Sep at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, Az. Each plot consisted of four, 30 ft long beds spaced 42 inches apart and bordered on each side by an untreated bed. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replicates. Foliar applications were made on 22 and 30 Sep and with a hand-held CO2 sprayer operated at 60 psi, delivering 20 gal/acre. Spreader-sticker (Kinetic) was included in all spray treatments at a rate of 0.25% of the total volume. Insecticide efficacy was determined by counting the total number of small (1st and 2nd instars) and large (&gt;2nd instar) BAW and CL larvae on 20 randomly selected lettuce plants per replicate. Insect counts were conducted the day of application, 22 and 30 Sep, and at 3 days after treatment, 30 Sep and 3 Oct. Treatment differences among means were estimated with the Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch multiple F test.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides for Control of Onion Thrips on Onions, 1994
Authors: Sparks Alton N. , Riley David G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A small plot efficacy study was conducted at the Texas A & M Research and Extension Center in Weslaco, Texas, to evaluate selected insecticides and the effect of spray volume on control of onion thrips on onions. Experimental plots measured 3 beds (40 inch beds) by 25 feet, with two rows of onions per bed. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments were applied on March 4, 11 and 18, with a CO2 pressurized sprayer (40 psi) with 3 10X hollow cone nozzles per bed (1 over-top, 2 on drops). Spray volume was adjusted by boom speed. Thrips were sampled by whole plant inspection of five randomly selected plants per plot. All thrips (adults and nymphs) were counted.
Control of Pepper Weevil in Field Condition, Spring 1995
Authors: Seal D. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in a research field of rockdale soil located in Homestead, FL. ‘Jalapeno’ pepper transplants were set in the field onto raised black polyethylene mulch covered beds following recommended cultural practices on 14 Feb. 1995. Beds were 3 ft. wide and spaced 6 ft. apart from center to center. Plots were 3 rows each 100 ft. long. Three treatments were arranged in RCB with 4 replications. Treatments evaluated were: oxamyl (0.50 lb. (AI)/acre), fipronil (0.10 lb. [AI]/acre) and a nontreated check treated with water. Chemical were applied on 16, 20, 25 and 30 April, and 4 May 1995 with a backpack sprayer using 2 nozzles/row delivering 50 gpa at 40 psi. Treatments were evaluated by collecting all fallen fruits from randomly selected three plants in each treatment plot 24 h after each application. Total numbers of larvae inside these fallen fruits were recorded. Adults were counted on randomly selected three plants per treatment plot after each application.