bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Social Isolation and Incident Dementia Among Older Adults: Evidence From National Health and Aging Trend Study
Authors: Yang Yong , Jiang Yu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Older adults are vulnerable to social isolation, making it crucial to understand its impact on dementia risk. Yet, existing evidence lacks consistency, with studies using varied measures of social isolation and overlooking potential confounders. We aim to investigate the associations between social isolation and dementia risk among older adults, hypothesizing that this association may diminish after adjusting for confounding factors.

Research Design and Methods
We used 2 977 community-dwelling older adults who had no dementia in 2015 from National Health and Aging Trends. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to analyze the trajectories of social isolation, depression, and anxiety from 2011 to 2015. Cox proportional hazards regression models were then employed to estimate the association between social isolation trajectories and incident dementia from 2015 to 2022, adjusting for demographic variables, depression, anxiety, self-rated health, smoking status, and cardiovascular disease-related variables.

Results
Three social isolation trajectories were identified: minimal, moderate, and high levels of social isolation. During a mean follow-up of 3.6 years, 19.0% of participants were diagnosed with dementia. When only demographics were adjusted, individuals in the moderate social isolation group were 22% less likely to develop dementia compared to those with high social isolation. This association between social isolation and incident dementia became nonsignificant after further adjustment for depression, anxiety, and health indicators.

Discussion and Implications
The association between social isolation and dementia risk may be mediated by factors such as depression and other health indicators.
Noncommutative Nest Hardy Spaces and Martingales
Authors: Potapov Denis , Sukochev Fedor , Zhou Dejian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Let $(\mathcal{M},\tau )$ be a finite von Neumann algebra equipped with a normalized faithful trace and let $\mathbb{A}$ be a nest of order type $\mathbb{N}$. The nest algebra is defined by $H_{\infty }^{r}(\mathbb{A})=\{x\in \mathcal{M}:ex=exe,e\in \mathbb{A}\}$, and the related noncommutative Hardy space $H_{p}^{r}(\mathbb{A})$ is the completion of $H_{\infty }^{r}(\mathbb{A})$ in $L_{p}(\mathcal{M})$. In the present paper, we make a connection between $H_{p}^{r}(\mathbb{A})$ and certain noncommutative martingale Hardy space via showing that triangular truncation is a concrete martingale transform. We include several related results for noncommutative nest Hardy spaces in the spirit of recent development of noncommutative martingale theory.
Recruitment of complete crAss-like phage genomes reveals their presence in chicken viromes, few human-specific phages, and lack of universal detection
Authors: Ramos-Barbero María Dolores , Gómez-Gómez Clara , Vique Gloria , Sala-Comorera Laura , Rodríguez-Rubio Lorena , Muniesa Maite 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The order Crassvirales, which includes the prototypical crAssphage (p-crAssphage), is predominantly associated with humans, rendering it the most abundant and widely distributed group of DNA phages in the human gut. The reported human specificity and wide global distribution of p-crAssphage makes it a promising human fecal marker. However, the specificity for the human gut as well as the geographical distribution around the globe of other members of the order Crassvirales remains unknown. To determine this, a recruitment analysis using 91 complete, non-redundant genomes of crAss-like phages in human and animal viromes revealed that only 13 crAss-like phages among the 91 phages analyzed were highly specific to humans, and p-crAssphage was not in this group. Investigations to elucidate whether any characteristic of the phages was responsible for their prevalence in humans showed that the 13 human crAss-like phages do not share a core genome. Phylogenomic analysis placed them in three independent families, indicating that within the Crassvirales group, human specificity is likely not a feature of a common ancestor but rather was introduced on separate/independent occasions in their evolutionary history. The 13 human crAss-like phages showed variable geographical distribution across human metagenomes worldwide, with some being more prevalent in certain countries than in others, but none being universally identified. The varied geographical distribution and the absence of a phylogenetic relationship among the human crAss-like phages are attributed to the emergence and dissemination of their bacterial host, the symbiotic human strains of Bacteroides, across various human populations occupying diverse ecological niches worldwide.
Perinatal and Neonatal Chikungunya Virus Transmission: A Case Series
Authors: Ferreira Fátima C P A Di Maio , Filippis Ana M Bispo de , Moreira Maria Elisabeth L , de Campos Simone B , Fuller Trevon , Lopes Fernanda C R , Brasil Patrícia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Large-scale epidemics in countries with high birth rates can create a concerning scenario where pregnant people are more likely to transmit the virus. In addition, increased international mobility has made arboviruses a growing problem for travelers. The increased risk of vertical transmission has been related to maternal viremia near delivery. Such transmission leads to severe infection of newborns and may be associated with subsequent neurological impairment including cerebral palsy. This case series provides an overview of clinical and laboratory findings in pregnant individuals with confirmed chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection as well as the clinical effects on their newborn emphasizing the severity of neonatal chikungunya.

Methods
An ambispective case series enrolled newborns with confirmed exposure to CHIKV in utero or in the neonatal period.

Results
During the delivery period, the transmission rate among viremic individuals was approximately 62% (18/29). Fever, irritability, rash, and poor feeding in the first week of life were critical signs of neonatal chikungunya, highlighting its severity.

Conclusion
Close monitoring of healthy newborns during the first week of life is essential in areas affected by CHIKV epidemics, and in offspring of pregnant travelers who visited the outbreaks zones. This case series is intended to increase neonatologists’ awareness of the possibility of mother-to-child transmission of CHIKV among newborns with a sepsis-like presentation. Prioritizing CHIKV vaccination for women of childbearing age should also be considered.
RNA kinetics influence the response to transcriptional perturbation in leukaemia cell lines
Authors: Todorovski Izabela , Tsang Mary-Jane , Feran Breon , Fan Zheng , Gadipally Sreeja , Yoannidis David , Kong Isabella Y , Bjelosevic Stefan , Rivera Sarahi , Voulgaris Olivia , Zethoven Magnus , Hawkins Edwin D , Simpson Kaylene J , Arnau Gisela Mir , Papenfuss Anthony T , Johnstone Ricky W , Vervoort Stephin J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Therapeutic targeting of dysregulated transcription has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of cancers, such as leukaemias. The therapeutic response to small molecule inhibitors of Bromodomain-Containing Proteins (BRD), such as BRD2 and BRD4, P300/cAMP-response element binding protein (CBP) and Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDKs), is generally attributed to the selective disruption of oncogenic gene expression driven by enhancers, super-enhancers (SEs) and lineage-specific transcription factors (TFs), including the c-MYC oncogene. The selectivity of compounds targeting the transcriptional machinery may be further shaped by post-transcriptional processes. To quantitatively assess the contribution of post-transcriptional regulation in responses to transcription inhibition, we performed multi-omics analyses to accurately measure mRNA production and decay kinetics. We demonstrate that it is not only the selective disruption of mRNA production, but rather mRNA decay rates that largely influence the selectivity associated with transcriptional inhibition. Accordingly, genes down-regulated with transcriptional inhibitors are largely characterized by extremely rapid mRNA production and turnover. In line with this notion, stabilization of the c-MYC transcript through swapping of its 3′ untranslated region (UTR) rendered c-MYC insensitive to transcriptional targeting. This failed to negate the impact on c-MYC downstream targets and did not abrogate therapeutic responses. Finally, we provide evidence that modulating post-transcriptional pathways, such as through ELAVL1 targeting, can sensitize long-lived mRNAs to transcriptional inhibition and be considered as a combination therapy approach in leukaemia. Taken together, these data demonstrate that mRNA kinetics influence the therapeutic response to transcriptional perturbation and can be modulated for novel therapeutic outcomes using transcriptional agents in leukaemia.
Oral health and dental care challenges in scleroderma—perspectives of dentists, rheumatologists and patients
Authors: Mills Tyler J , Price Elizabeth , Aggarwal Vishal R , Del Galdo Francesco , Walker Liz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The oral healthcare challenges of people living with scleroderma are poorly understood, yet frequently reported. This mixed methods study aimed to investigate oral health and dental care challenges associated with scleroderma from the perspective of dentists, rheumatologists and patients.

Methods
Dentists, rheumatologists and scleroderma patients in the UK completed a survey about their experiences of oral health, dental care and quality of life. People with scleroderma were also interviewed. We conducted descriptive analysis of quantitative data and used thematic analysis to examine qualitative data.

Results
A total of 95.5% of patients reported oral and dental manifestations of scleroderma (ODMS); 57.1% reported high physical impacts, 53.8% high psychological impacts and 47.7% high social impacts. Only 13% of patients were informed of ODMS at diagnosis. No dentist or rheumatologist felt fully confident in managing ODMS. The most frequent suggestion for improvement among patients and dentists was increased information for dentists. We identified three key themes: significant negative impact on quality of life, barriers to accessing dental care and characteristics of good dental care.

Conclusion
ODMS are prevalent issues, constituting a significant burden on quality of life. Rheumatologists should inform scleroderma patients of ODMS and embed oral health inquiries into annual reviews. Communication between medical and dental practitioners should be encouraged to facilitate early identification and management of ODMS.
Prevalence and incidence of uveitis in patients with spondyloarthritis: the impact of the biologics era. Data from the international ASAS-COMOSPA study
Authors: Maldonado-Ficco Hernán , López-Medina Clementina , Perez-Alamino Rodolfo , Waimann Christian A , Maldonado-Cocco José A , Moltó Anna , Dougados Maxime , Landewé Robert B M , van der Heijde Désirée , van Den Bosch Filip 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Uveitis is a common extra-musculoskeletal manifestation in SpA. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of uveitis in SpA patients, and its association with geographical areas, and to determine whether its incidence differed between before and after the biologics era.

Methods
ASAS-COMOSPA is a retrospective study that includes patients fulfilling Assessment in SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) SpA classification criteria from 22 countries. The overall prevalence of uveitis was calculated, and factors associated with the onset of a first episode of uveitis were evaluated using a Cox regression. A Log-Rank test was performed to compare the new onset of uveitis in the non-biologics era (SpA onset before 2000) vs biologics era (SpA onset after 2000).

Results
A total of 3984 patients were included. The likelihood of presenting a first uveitis episode increased over time, from a prevalence of 10.5% (95% CI 9.5–11.4%) at the time of the SpA diagnosis to 46.6% (41.6–51.5%) after 30 years since the SpA diagnosis. HLA-B27 positivity, family history of uveitis, peripheral enthesitis, and IBD were associated with higher risk of uveitis. Patients with SpA disease onset after the year 2000 showed a lower prevalence of uveitis compared with those with disease onset before the year 2000 (8.2% vs 25.5%, P &lt;0.01), as well as a lower incidence (2.8 per 100 person-years vs 6.1 per 100 person-years, respectively).

Conclusion
In our study, the risk of having suffered from at least one episode of uveitis ranged from 10% at the time of the diagnosis of axial SpA to 47% after 30 years of disease duration. Patients with disease onset after biologic therapy introduction showed a significantly lower prevalence and incidence of first episodes of uveitis.
Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Nextstrain Build Version 4: Pathways of Introduction and Local Spread
Authors: de Koning Pier P. M. , Fowkes Aimee R. , Zisi Zafeiro , Beris Despoina , Oplaat Carla , McGreig Sam , Skelton Anna , Adams Ian P. , van Gemert Jerom , de Krom Christel , Visser Michael , Westenberg Marcel , van de Vossenberg Bart T. L. H. , Varveri Christina , Roenhorst Johanna W. , Schenk Martijn , Matthijnssens Jelle , Fox Adrian , Botermans Marleen 
Published: October 2024

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV; Tobamovirus fructirugosum) is a harmful virus significantly reducing yield and fruit quality in tomato. It was first detected in Israel and Jordan in 2015 and quickly reached a near-global distribution. Following the outbreak of ToBRFV in the Netherlands in 2019, the Dutch National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO-NL) created a Nextstrain build, which was updated in 2021 and 2023. Here, we announce the release of 82 new (near) complete ToBRFV genomes with associated metadata and the fourth version of the ToBRFV Nextstrain build, which has expanded from 179 to 336 (near) complete genomes. This ToBRFV Nextstrain build is a powerful tool for gaining more insight into the epidemiology of ToBRFV, i.e., on pathways of introduction and the spread and possible origin of the rapidly emerging clade 7 sequence type isolates. The ToBRFV Nextstrain build is available at https://nextstrain.nrcnvwa.nl/ToBRFV/20240205 . [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Bridging the gap: neurodevelopmental disorder risks in inborn errors of immunity
Authors: Kurup Devika , FitzPatrick Amy M. , Badura Aleksandra , Serra Ines 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
The aim of this review is to examine published reports of neurodevelopmental phenotypes in patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). We briefly discuss potential interactions between the immune and the central nervous system and the implications of this crosstalk for current clinical management guidelines.

Recent findings
An increasing number of reports have described neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) comorbid with immune-mediated signs. However, the prevalence of this association in IEIs remains unknown.

Summary
IEIs comprise a group of clinically heterogeneous disorders associated with a number of nonimmune comorbidities. Although certain neurological conditions such as microcephaly are recognized as associated features of some IEIs, NDDs are less well described. We reviewed published clinical descriptions of IEIs and found a number of comorbid NDDs in these patients, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), behavioral deficits, and intellectual disability. Given the lack of uniform assessments for NDDs, we suspect they may be underdiagnosed in IEIs. As NDDs manifest early and can result in life-long cognitive and emotional deficits, which diminish quality of life and increase healthcare utilization, we hope to elucidate relevant pathomechanisms and raise clinician awareness of these comorbidities so appropriate and timely interventions are sought.
Bioequivalence and Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Calcium during Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Ansari Jessica R. , Conti Daniel J. , Michel Guillermina , Yarmosh Alla , Cole Naida M. , Shafer Steven L. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Few studies have assessed the dose ratio of calcium gluconate to calcium chloride or defined the time course of change in serum ionized calcium concentration after intravenous injection.

Methods:
In a bioequivalence (dose ratio) trial, parturients undergoing cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to receive calcium chloride (0.5 g) or calcium gluconate (1.5 or 2 g) by 10-min intravenous infusion. Venous serum ionized calcium concentration was measured before calcium infusion and approximately 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min after infusion start. These data were combined with serum ionized calcium concentration measurements in parturients who received 1 g calcium chloride or saline placebo in two recent clinical trials to define the pharmacokinetics of intravenous calcium over the first hour during and after drug administration.

Results:
The bioequivalence study enrolled 34 participants, from whom were collected 181 serum ionized calcium concentration measurements. The dose ratio of calcium gluconate to calcium chloride was 3.11 (95% CI, 2.77 to 3.48). Population pharmacokinetics of calcium were determined using 311 serum ionized calcium concentration measurements from 70 parturients. The pharmacokinetics of intravenous calcium were described by a two-compartment model with systemic clearance of 0.18 (95% CI, 0.07 to 0.27) l/min, distributional clearance of 1.25 (95% CI, 1.03 to 1.56) l/min, central volume of 10.9 (95% CI, 9.3 to 12.6) l, and peripheral volume of 16.5 (95% CI, 12.5 to 24.7) l. After adjusting for the dose ratio, calcium gluconate and calcium chloride had identical time courses. A 1-g infusion of calcium chloride resulted in a peak increase in serum ionized calcium concentration of 0.39 (0.38 to 0.42 mM), which decreased by half (29 [23 to 40] min) after initiation of the 10-min infusion.

Conclusions:
This study confirmed a 3:1 dose ratio of calcium gluconate to calcium chloride and estimated the pharmacokinetics over the first hour after intravenous delivery. These data inform clinical care and may guide future trials assessing calcium efficacy to reduce bleeding in obstetric patients.
Association Among Surgeon Volume, Surgical Approach, and Uterine Size for Hysterectomy for Benign Indications
Authors: Santiago Sarah , Richardson Darington , Kamdar Neil , Till Sara R. , As-Sanie Sawsan , Hong Christopher X. 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the relationship between surgeon volume and surgical approach for patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications among uteri of varying sizes.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent hysterectomy for benign indications from 2012 to 2021 within the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative registry. For each hysterectomy, the relative annual volume of the performing surgeon was assessed by calculating the proportion of hysterectomy cases contributed by the surgeon each calendar year relative to the total number of hysterectomies in the registry for that year. Hysterectomies were stratified into tertiles: those performed by low-volume surgeons, intermediate-volume surgeons, and high-volume surgeons. Uterine size was represented by the uterine specimen weight and categorized to facilitate clinical interpretation. Multivariable logistic regression models were developed incorporating interaction terms for surgeon volume and uterine size to explore potential effect modification.

RESULTS:
A total of 54,150 hysterectomies were included. Hysterectomies performed by intermediate- and high-volume surgeons were more likely to be performed through a minimally invasive approach compared with those performed by low-volume surgeons (intermediate-volume: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.68, 95% CI, 1.47–1.92; high-volume: aOR 2.14, 95% CI, 1.87–2.46). Moreover, this likelihood increased with increasing uterine weight. For uteri weighing between 1,000 g and 1,999 g, the odds of minimally invasive approach was significantly higher among intermediate-volume surgeons (aOR 3.38, 95% CI, 2.04–5.12) and high-volume (aOR 9.26, 95% CI, 5.64–15.2) surgeons, compared with low-volume surgeons. After including an interaction term for uterine weight and surgeon volume, we identified effect modification of surgeon volume on the relationship between uterine size and choice of minimally invasive surgery.

CONCLUSION:
For uteri up to 3,000 g in weight, hysterectomies performed by high-volume surgeons have a higher likelihood of being performed through a minimally invasive approach compared with those performed by low-volume surgeons.
A Comparative Analysis of Postoperative Single Fraction of 9.5 Gy Versus 10 Gy for Ear Keloids
Authors: Kang Daihun , Ha Boram , Park Tae Hwan 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
The optimal radiotherapy doses for postoperative treatment of ear keloids are currently a topic of debate.

OBJECTIVE
The authors compared the efficacy of 9.5-Gy and 10-Gy single-fraction electron beam radiation therapy after surgical excision and evaluated the impact of radiation timing on outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was conducted on patients with ear keloid who underwent surgical excision and postoperative electron beam radiotherapy between May 2021 and June 2024. Patients were divided into groups based on radiation dose (9.5 vs 10) and timing (within 8 hours vs 24 hours postoperatively). Recurrence rates and complications were also compared.

RESULTS
The study included 182 patients (21 men and 161 women). The overall recurrence rate was 3.3% (6/182). The 10-Gy group had a significantly lower recurrence rate than the 9.5-Gy group (0.81% vs 8.47%; p = .014). Radiation timing did not significantly influence recurrence rates (2.59% vs 3.80%, p = 1). Complications were not significantly different.

CONCLUSION
A postoperative single dose of 10 Gy is the most effective low-dose single fractional electron beam radiotherapy for preventing ear keloid recurrence. Once administered within 24 hours after surgery, the timing of radiotherapy has no significant impact on treatment outcomes.