bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Exercise to Strain: Rapid and Accurate Prediction of Femoral Neck Loading
Authors: Altai Zainab , Phillips Andrew T.M. , Moran Jason , Zhai Xiaojun , Mei Qichang , Liew Bernard X.W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFemoral neck fractures pose significant morbidity and mortality risks, particularly among osteoporotic patients. This study aims to identify effective exercises for enhancing bone health and develop a neural network model to predict femoral neck strains during exercise using inertial measurement unit (IMU) data. We employed musculoskeletal modeling (MSK) and finite element (FE) analysis to assess femoral neck strains during various ballistic exercises—walking, running, countermovement jumps, squat jumps, unilateral hopping, and bilateral hopping—across three intensity levels: high, moderate, and low. Results showed that running at all intensities produced significantly higher strains compared to walking (1985 ± 802 µε tensile, 5053 ± 181 µε compressive, p < 0.001), with peak tensile strains reaching 3731 µε and compressive strains up to 9541 µε. Low-intensity unilateral hopping also yielded significantly higher strains (3003 µε, p < 0.001) than walking, suggesting its osteogenic potential. In contrast, squat jumps, countermovement jumps, and bilateral hopping generated lower peak strains. The neural network model demonstrated high prediction accuracy, achieving correlations up to 0.97 and root mean square errors as low as 145.20 µε. These findings support the use of neural networks and IMU sensors for practical, cost-effective interventions to improve bone health and reduce fracture risk.
Polygenic scores for obstructive sleep apnea based on BMI-adjusted and -unadjusted genetic associations reveal pathways contributing to cardiovascular disease
Authors: Kurniansyah Nuzulul , Strausz Satu J , Chittoor Geetha , Gupta Shreyash , Justice Anne E , Hrytsenko Yana , Keenan Brendan T , Cade Brian E , Spitzer Brian W , Wang Heming , Huffman Jennifer , Moll Matthew R , Haring Bernhard , Jung Su Yon , Raffield Laura M , Kaplan Robert , Rotter Jerome I , Rich Stephen S , Gharib Sina A , Bartz Traci M , Liu Peter Y , Chen Han , Fornage Myriam , Hou Lifang , Levy Daniel , Morrison Alanna , Ochs-Balcom Heather M , Psaty Bruce , Wilson Peter WF , Cho Kelly , Pack Allan I , Ollila Hanna M , Redline Susan , Gottlieb Daniel J , Sofer Tamar ,   FinnGen,   Trans-Omics in Precision Medicine Consortium,   VA Million Veteran Program
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a heterogeneous disease, with obesity a significant risk factor via increased airway collapsibility, reduced lung volumes, and possibly body fat distribution.MethodsUsing race/ethnic diverse samples from the Million Veteran Program, FinnGen, TOPMed, All of Us (AoU), Geisinger’s MyCode, MGB Biobank, and the Human Phenotype Project (HPP), we developed, selected, and assessed polygenic scores (PGSs) for OSA, relying on genome-wide association studies both adjusted and unadjusted for BMI: BMIadjOSA- and BMIunadjOSA-PGS. We tested their associations with CVD in AoU.ResultsAdjusted odds ratios (ORs) for OSA per 1 standard deviation of the PGSs ranged from 1.38 to 2.75. The associations of BMIadjOSA- and BMIunadjOSA-PGSs with CVD outcomes in AoU shared both common and distinct patterns. For example, BMIunadjOSA-PGS was associated with type 2 diabetes, heart failure, and coronary artery disease, but the associations of BMIadjOSA-PGS with these outcomes were statistically insignificant with estimated OR close to 1. In contrast, both BMIadjOSA- and BMIunadjOSA-PGSs were associated with hypertension and stroke. Sex stratified analyses revealed that BMIadjOSA-PGS association with hypertension was driven by data from OR=1.1, p-value=0.002, OR=1.01 p-value=0.2 in males). OSA PGSs were also associated with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) body fat measures with some sex-specific associations.ConclusionsDistinct components of OSA genetic risk are related to obesity and body fat distribution, and may influence clinical outcomes. These may explain differing OSA risks and associations with cardiometabolic morbidities between sex groups.
Local activity alterations in autism spectrum disorder correlate with neurotransmitter properties and ketamine induced brain changes
Authors: Grumbach Pascal , Kasper Jan , Hipp Joerg F. , Forsyth Anna , Valk Sofie L. , Muthukumaraswamy Suresh , Eickhoff Simon B. , Schilbach Leonhard , Dukart Juergen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with altered resting-state brain function. An increased excitation-inhibition (E/I) ratio is discussed as a potential pathomechanism but in-vivo evidence of disturbed neurotransmission underlying these functional alterations remains scarce. We compared rs-fMRI local activity (LCOR) between ASD (N=405, N=395) and neurotypical controls (N=473, N=474) in two independent cohorts (ABIDE1 and ABIDE2). We then tested how these LCOR alterations co-localize with specific neurotransmitter systems derived from nuclear imaging and compared them with E/I changes induced by GABAergic (midazolam) and glutamatergic medication (ketamine). Across both cohorts, ASD subjects consistently exhibited reduced LCOR, particularly in higher-order default mode network nodes, alongside increases in bilateral temporal regions, the cerebellum, and brainstem. These LCOR alterations negatively co-localized with dopaminergic (D1, D2, DAT), glutamatergic (NMDA, mGluR5), GABAergic (GABAa) and cholinergic neurotransmission (VAChT). The NMDA-antagonist ketamine, but not GABAa-potentiator midazolam, induced LCOR changes which co-localize with D1, NMDA and GABAa receptors, thereby resembling alterations observed in ASD. We find consistent local activity alterations in ASD to be spatially associated with several major neurotransmitter systems. NMDA-antagonist ketamine induced neurochemical changes similar to ASD-related alterations, supporting the notion that pharmacological modulation of the E/I balance in healthy individuals can induce ASD-like functional brain changes. These findings provide novel insights into neurophysiological mechanisms underlying ASD.One Sentence Summary:Local activity alterations in ASD co-localize with glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission and were similar to ketamine-induced brain changes.
Shared Genetic Architecture Between Eating Disorders, Mental Health Conditions, and Cardiometabolic Diseases: A Comprehensive Population-Wide Study Across Two Countries
Authors: Meijsen Joeri , Hu Kejia , Wei Dang , Aicoboaie Stefana , Davies Helena L , Zhang Ruyue , Lundberg Mischa , Zetterberg Richard , Pasman Joëlle , Ye Weimin , Werge Thomas , Bulik Cynthia M. , Fang Fang , Buil Alfonso , Micali Nadia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEating disorders arise from a complex interaction of genetic and environmental influences. Here we provide comprehensive population-level estimates of the heritability of eating disorders and their genetic relationships with various mental health and cardiometabolic disorders (CMDs), expanding beyond genome-wide association studies. We examined the heritability of three eating disorders—anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and other eating disorders (OED)—and investigated shared familial and genetic risk factors with mental health disorders and CMDs. Using national-register data from Denmark and Sweden (1972-2016), we analyzed clinical diagnoses for over 67,000 individuals with eating disorders, their first-degree relatives, and matched controls from populations totaling 17 million. Heritability estimates were moderate,and genetic correlations revealed substantial overlap between AN and obsessive-compulsive disorder (rg= 0.65) and moderate correlations with other mental health disorders such as autism (rg= 0.36). Significant genetic associations were also identified between eating disorders and CMDs, showing strong replication across both countries. These findings emphasize the genetic foundations of eating disorders and their shared genetic architecture with mental health and CMDs. This research enhances our understanding of comorbidity patterns and has important implications for developing integrated treatment approaches.
Precise amplification-free detection of highly structured RNA with an enhanced SCas12a assay
Authors: Zhang Junqi , Jiang Qingyuan , Deng Wenwen , Jin Shuqi , Wang Xinping , He Ruyi , Yin Wenhao , Qiao Jie , Liu Yi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe CRISPR/Cas12a system has revolutionized molecular diagnostics; however, its application in directly detecting complex structured RNA remains challenging. Recently, we have developed a RNA detection method called SCas12a, which exhibits high sensitivity and efficiency in detecting RNA molecules devoid of intricate secondary structures. Here, we present an enhanced SCas12a assay (SCas12aV2) that facilitates precise amplification-free detection of highly structured RNA molecules. Our approach reengineers the split Cas12a system by optimizing the scaffold RNA length and targeting asymmetric RNA structures, thereby minimizing steric hindrance. We observe that utilization of a dsDNA-ssDNA hybrid DNA activator significantly enhances both the sensitivity and kinetics compared to those achieved using traditional ssDNA or dsDNA activators. The SCas12aV2 assay demonstrates exceptional sensitivity, with a limit of detection reaching 246 aM for pooled activators and 10 pM for single-site targeting. It also exhibits high specificity for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and successfully identifies viable bacterial populations and SARS-CoV-2 infections from clinical samples. The assay’s versatility is further highlighted by its applicability to various Cas12a orthologs, including the thermostable CtCas12a. This work offers a significant advance in molecular diagnostics, enhancing the potential for accurate and efficient RNA detection.
Direct-acting antivirals for chronic hepatitis C infection: a protocol for a systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Kumburegama Buddheera W.M.B. , Kristensen Andreas T. , Bjelakovic Goran , Nikolova Dimitrinka , Asante Mark A. , Bjelakovic Milica , Koretz Ronald L. , Balakumar Mithuna M. , Michelsen Martin E. , Klingenberg Sarah L. , Gluud Christian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic hepatitis C virus infection presents a substantial global health burden, frequently resulting in severe liver conditions. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy requires complex decision-making. Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) offer a potential solution by targeting viral proteins to inhibit replication. Understanding DAAs real-world effectiveness and how they impact long-term outcomes beyond clinical trials is essential. We aim to comprehensively evaluate the benefits and harms of DAAs in individuals with chronic HCV infection, reported in observational studies.MethodsWe will consider for inclusion prospective and retrospective observational studies with quasirandomised, cohort, case-control, controlled before-and-after, and cross-sectional designs. Our experimental interventions will be any class of DAAs available on the market or in development. DAAs could have been administered alone, in combination, or with other medical co-interventions. Our control interventions will be untreated chronic HCV conditions, with or without placebo.Participants will be adults, regardless of demographics, treatment history, or healthcare setting. Our primary outcomes will be participants experiencing hepatitis C-related morbidity or all-cause mortality, serious adverse events, and health-related quality of life. Secondary outcomes will include all-cause mortality, cirrhosis, variceal bleeding, hepato-renal syndrome, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic encephalopathy, non-serious adverse events, liver transplantation, lack of sustained virological response, histological improvement, and decreases in alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels.We will apply search strategies to search MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, grey literature, and trial registers. We will use Covidence®to screen the result, including citations. Individual double-data extraction will include study details and outcomes, with independent review authors resolving discrepancies. We will assess bias using the ROBINS-I tool. Meta-analyses will employ random-effects models for both dichotomous and continuous outcomes, assessing heterogeneity. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses will explore effect modifications and address missing data. Trial Sequential Analysis will control type I and type II errors. We will evaluate publication bias using funnel plots and Egger’s regression test and assess certainty of evidence using GRADE.DiscussionThe findings will inform clinical decisions and benefit those affected by HCV, healthcare professionals, and policymakers.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO: CRD42023494844
Fully strange tetraquark resonant states as the cousins of
X(6900)
Authors: Ma Yao , Wu Wei-Lin , Meng Lu , Chen Yan-Ke , Zhu Shi-Lin 
Published: October 2024

We conduct systematic calculations of the S-wave fully strange systems with “normal” (JPC=0++,1+−,2++) and “exotic” (JPC=0+−,1++,2+−) C-parities, which are the strange analog of the fully charmed tetraquark state X(6900). Within a constituent quark potential model, we employ the Gaussian expansion method to solve the four-body Schrödinger equation and the complex scaling method to identify resonant states. We obtain a series of resonant states and zero-width states in the mass range of 2.7 to 3.3 GeV, with their widths ranging from less than 1 to about 50 MeV. Their rms radii strongly indicate that they are compact tetraquark states. Among these states, the T4s,2++(2714) may be the most likely one to be observed experimentally. We urge the experimental exploration of the 2++  sss¯s¯ state around 2.7 GeV in the ϕϕ channel. Since the lowest S-wave sss¯s¯ state is around 2.7 GeV, the compact wave sss¯s¯ states are expected to be heavier. Hence, ϕ(2170) and X(2370) are unlikely to be compact tetraquark states.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Exploring the job (dis)satisfaction indicators of online food delivery employees: insights from employees' online reviews
Authors: Saydam Mehmet Bahri , Altun Ozlem , Karatepe Tuna , Olorunsola Victor , Naderiadib Alpler Nazanin 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThe present study sought to determine the main themes employees discussed in online reviews associated with satisfaction (pros) and dissatisfaction (cons).Design/methodology/approachThis study used qualitative content analysis to examine employee reviews working in India's largest food delivery company.FindingsThe analyses revealed the existence of seven themes: company environment, employees, salary, work–life balance, company culture and values, flexibility and favoritism. Negative themes were associated with the “work-life balance” and “favoritism” themes. The results provided valuable insights into online food delivery platform employees' overall experiences based on social media information and aided in identifying key themes associated with various satisfaction levels.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by uniquely utilizing user-generated content from an employment search engine as a novel data source to investigate the factors influencing satisfaction and dissatisfaction among online food delivery employees. This approach represents a significant departure from traditional survey-based methods, filling a gap in the literature by offering insights directly from employees' unfiltered perspectives. By leveraging this innovative methodology, our research provides a fresh and nuanced understanding of the experiences and concerns of online food delivery workers, thereby adding substantial value to the fields of organizational behavior and human resource management.
Leader controlling behaviors and proactive behavior among police officers: perceived powerlessness mechanism
Authors: Abdillah Muhammad Rasyid , Lambiombir Josina , Anita Rizqa , Rahmat Adi 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis study explores how controlling leadership behaviors, such as authoritarian leadership and abusive supervision, affect police officers’ proactive behavior. Specifically, it examines how perceived powerlessness mediates the relationship between these leadership styles and officers’ proactive behavior.Design/methodology/approachWe employed structural equation modeling with partial least squares analysis to test our hypotheses, utilizing a sample of police officers employed within a regional police institution in Indonesia.FindingsThe findings of this study indicate that both authoritarian leadership and abusive supervision have the potential to diminish or impede the proactive behavior of police officers by shaping their perception of powerlessness.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the broader understanding of how leader-controlling behaviors, such as authoritarian leadership and abusive supervision, impact the proactive behavior of police officers within the specific context of Indonesia.
A qualitative study revisiting the theoretical lens of brand image and developing the consumer brand image schema
Authors: Pich Christopher , Armannsdottir Guja 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Brand image remains a “nebulous” construct with very few frameworks dedicated to understanding the process of uncovering brand image. This is supported by explicit calls for greater clarity on how to examine brand image, particularly in different settings. Political branding is one setting that has received some attention, however, research has focused on “party” political brands and neglected “non-party” brands (independent candidates). Therefore, this study aims to examine how young citizens interpret independent non-party brands through the theoretical lens of brand image in the context of Guernsey and develop a systematic brand image framework that provides greater clarity to this topic area.

Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative interpretivist approach using focus group discussions was adopted to investigate the phenomenon from the perspective of young voters 18–24 years of age. Focus group discussions ceased upon reaching theoretical saturation and a six-staged thematic analytical strategy was adopted to analyse the findings.

Findings
This study revealed deep insight into the political brand image of non-party brands from the perspective of young voters in an under-explored context. More specifically, this study uncovered that Guernsey’s political brands were seen as “accessible”; however, there was little differentiation, identification and connection between young voters and politicians. Further, this study uncovered a series of opportunities for strategists such as the desire for a younger generational view and younger representation in the Guernsey Parliament and greater clarity, distinction and authenticity related to political brand image.

Originality/value
This study addresses explicit calls for further research on brand image with a distinct focus on non-party political brands. Further, this study concludes by presenting the “consumer brand image schema”; a systematic framework which can be used to uncover brand image within and beyond the setting of politics. Further, the framework operationalises the complex concept of brand image and provides a three-stage process to examine and develop brand image. This will enable strategists to develop targeted strategies and adopt appropriate tactics to manage brand image to ensure brands are differentiated and interpreted as authentic, relatable, engaging, accessible and identifiable.
A higher tissue fraction of parenchyma in secondary xylem supports growth recovery of angiosperm trees after drought
Authors: Zhang Xijin , Li Qingyao , Yang Yongchuan , Fukuda Kenji , Morris Hugh , Jansen Steven , Da Liangjun , Song Kun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Resilience to drought represents an important focus for trees during climate change, with the aim of predicting the resistance and recovery of species worldwide. Previous studies mainly linked tree growth resilience to plant functional traits that are related to resource acquisition and investment. Here, we investigate a potential link between resilience and the amount of parenchyma tissue in wood, a multifunctional tissue that may provide various physiological benefits to drought‐related mechanisms.

We compiled a global tree‐ring data set to evaluate the relationship between growth resistance, resilience or recovery from drought and xylem parenchyma tissue fractions of 50 angiosperms, which was complemented with a local study of nine species from Mt. Tiantong in China. We also assessed the influence of climate and phylogeny on these relationships.

We found that growth recovery after drought was positively related to the fractions of total parenchyma locally and globally. This association remained statistically significant when accounting for the effects of climate and phylogeny. No other associations between parenchyma fractions and growth resilience metrics were statistically significant.

Our results suggest that drought recovery of angiosperm trees is affected by the amount of parenchyma. Incorporating xylem parenchyma fraction with other traits, such as hydraulic traits, could therefore enhance our comprehension of how various angiosperm tree species will respond to future droughts. Further studies should focus on unravelling the physiological roles of xylem parenchyma fraction.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Temporal dynamics of scent mark composition in field‐experimental lizard populations
Authors: Baeckens Simon , Martín José , Pafilis Panayiotis , Herrel Anthony , Donihue Colin M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Animal signals are dynamic traits that can undergo considerable spatial and temporal changes and that are influenced by factors such as age, health condition and interactions with both the abiotic and biotic environment. However, much of our understanding of signal changes throughout an individual's lifetime stems from cross‐sectional, often laboratory‐based, studies focused on visual and auditory signals. Longitudinal field investigations of temporal variation in chemical signals, especially in vertebrates, remain rare despite chemical communication being the most ubiquitous form of information exchange in the natural world.

To remedy this, we conducted a unique, replicated field experiment to study the temporal signal dynamics in free‐living lizard populations on natural islands. Specifically, we collected scent marks from individually marked lizards across five populations during the spring of two consecutive years and analysed the lipophilic chemical composition of these scent marks.

Our findings demonstrate that the overall scent mark composition of individual lizards changed over time, shifting consistently in both direction and magnitude from year to year among individuals and across replicate populations. Similar patterns were observed for the chemical richness and diversity of scent marks. Temporal variation in the relative proportions of three potentially socially relevant signalling compounds in lizard scent marks revealed a more complex pattern: α‐tocopherol remained stable over time, oleic acid decreased and the change in octadecanoic acid proportion was body size‐dependent.

Together, our results provide novel insights into how individual vertebrate chemical signals may fluctuate across space and time. We discuss the potential causes of the observed temporal variability and its consequences for chemical signal evolution.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.