bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social networks and mental health: A study of elderly in rural Bihar, India
Authors: Raj Aditya Raj Aditya , Bhattacharjee Bijoy Bhattacharjee Bijoy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

With record high population growth in India, the number of elderly has significantly increased. In Bihar (a state in India) with a high population density, the number of elderly is substantial, but they are under-studied. Moreover, there has not been any significant research on mental health concerns of the elderly, and none from rural Bihar. The elderly go through common mental health conditions like depression, which is often overlooked and neglected. In our study, the role of social networks on depression emerges as pivotal. This study used data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) with a sample of 1255 older people (60 years or older) from rural Bihar. We used Berkman's conceptual model of how social relationships affect depression. The network was measured by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) given by Glass et al which shows that four types of social networks were formed- children's network, relative's network, friends’ network, and confidant network. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was done to understand the association and effect of specific networks on depression. The result establishes the importance of social networks for the community life of the elderly. It suggests that a strong social network with relatives and trusted confidence protected the elderly from depression in rural Bihar. This study highlighted the need for more social network centers for the elderly to engage with friends within or between communities and participate in group activities that promote good mental health.
Discovery of a Non-Secreting Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Mimicking Insulinoma in MEN1: A Novel Diagnostic Challenge with Atypical Biochemical and Genetic Profiles and a review of literature of pNETs etiologies
Authors: Khalil Zeyad , Fouly Mohamed , Tolan Ahmed 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This case report presents the first documented instance of a non-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor mimicking insulinoma in a 42-year-old male with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1). The patient exhibited recurrent episodes of severe fasting hypoglycemia, typically indicative of insulinoma. However, biochemical tests revealed normal insulin and C-peptide levels, contradicting the usual biochemical signature of functional pNETs. Imaging confirmed the presence of a pancreatic mass, but further investigations failed to demonstrate hormone secretion. Genetic analysis revealed a novel MEN1 gene mutation, suggesting a potential link between this mutation and the atypical behavior of the neuroendocrine tumor. Despite the absence of typical insulinoma markers, surgical resection of the tumor resulted in complete resolution of hypoglycemia, confirming the tumor's role in the patient’s symptoms. This case shows that non-secreting neuroendocrine tumors in MEN1 can clinically mimic functional tumors. This calls for a reconsideration of current diagnostic criteria in MEN1 and may prompt future investigations into the topic.
Long-Term Results of Subtalar Arthroereisis for Symptomatic Flexible Flatfoot in Pediatrics
Authors: Wang Jou-Hua , Chu Chia Hung , Chuang Hao-Chun , Chen Yan Yu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Subtalar arthroereisis (STA) is a clinical intervention used for the correction of flexible flatfoot (FFF) in the pediatric population. This study aims to evaluate the radiographic, clinical, and patient-reported outcomes of STA for symptomatic FFF in pediatric patients with a minimum follow-up period of nine years.
Methods:
A cohort of 19 patients (38 feet) who underwent STA for FFF treatment between 2011 and 2015 was analyzed. This study featured a minimum follow-up period of nine years and involved comprehensive radiographic measurements. Clinical function assessment included footprint analysis classified using the Viladot classification, the Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale. We calculated the association between preoperative and postoperative angles and functional results. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were conducted to establish the optimal threshold to predict good clinical outcomes.
Results:
The average age at the time of surgery was 11 ± 1.79 years, and the mean duration of follow-up was 10 ± 1.4 years. After the surgical intervention, all foot angles showed statistically significant improvements. Normal foot alignment according to the Viladot classification was noted in 71% of patients. Good to excellent functional outcomes, as measured by both the AOFAS-hindfoot score and FAOS score, were reported in 84.2% of patients. Significant correlations were found between the preoperative and postoperative angles and functional results. Based on ROC curve analysis, the cut-off values were determined to be 28.5 degrees for the talonavicular coverage angle, 19.5 degrees for Meary’s angle, and 37.5 degrees for the talar declination angle.
Conclusion:
Our study indicates that STA is an effective procedure for durable deformity correction in pediatric patients with FFF. Restoring the medial longitudinal arch and correcting forefoot abduction are essential for improving functional outcomes. Both preoperative and postoperative angles were significantly associated with functional results, and the identified preoperative cut-off values are helpful for selecting surgical candidates.
Assessment of PM2.5 and PM10 Exposure and Health Risks: A Study of Pedestrian and Two-Wheeler Transport During Peak-Traffic in Imphal, Manipur
Authors: Cheerfree K T , Singh Nongthombam Premananda 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This study looks at the levels of PM2.5 and PM10 people are exposed to during busy traffic times when walking, riding two-wheelers, and at a fixed-site. Hourly average data was used to compare the amounts of particulate matter with the WHO air quality guidelines, which recommend limits of 15 µg/m³ for PM2.5 and 45 µg/m³ for PM10, respectively. The results showed that particulate matter levels changed a lot between morning and evening peak hours, with higher levels on weekdays compared to weekends. Two-wheeler users had the highest exposure, with average levels of 79.72±41.87 µg/m³ for PM2.5 and 131.48±69.32 µg/m³ for PM10 in the morning, and 109.15±38.63 µg/m³ for PM2.5 and 181.25±64.22 µg/m³ for PM10 in the evening, mostly due to traffic emissions and the design of the vehicles. In comparison, walking and fixed-site had more steady levels of particulate matter. All transport modes went over the WHO guidelines, with two-wheeler users facing the highest exposure with exceedance factor of 6.33 and 3.50 for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. Whereas, exceedance factors of walking were 4.10 and 2.27 and for fixed-site were 4.10 and 2.32 for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. The health risks from long-term exposure to these high levels are discussed, stressing the need for actions and strategies to improve air quality in cities.
Comparison of outcomes between in-hospital stroke and out-of-hospital stroke after endovascular therapy: Propensity-score matching analysis
Authors: Liu xiaoxia , Li Da , Fan Weinv , Chen Feiyu , Zhang Ou , yao yindan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background：Only a few studies have investigated the outcomes of endovascular therapy (EVT) for in-hospital stroke (IHS). This study aimed to investigate patients with IHS secondary to large vessel occlusion (LVO) who had undergone EVT at our center and compare the outcomes between IHS and out-of-hospital stroke (OHS).
Methods: From January 2019 to December 2023 ,a total of 372 consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) secondary to LVO within 6 hours from onset who underwent EVT were enrolled in our stroke center. After propensity score matching (PSM) with a ratio of 1:2 (IHS:OHS), clinical characteristics and functional outcomes were compared between IHS and OHS groups.
Results: 31 IHS patients and 62 OHS patients were finally included.The intravenous thrombolysis rate was significantly lower (12.9% vs. 45.7%, p=0.002) than that in the OHS group. The proportion of patients with cancer in the HIS group was significantly higher (45.2% vs. 4.8%, P < 0.001) than that in the OHS group. The time intervals (min, mean±SD ) from stroke onset-to-imaging, onset-to-puncture, and onset-to-end EVT respectively were more favorable (79.29±59.36 vs. 182.34±87.69, 146.39±72.88 vs. 256.65±91.11, 203.48±79.33 vs. 311.97±96.09, all P < 0.001) in the IHS group, whereas OHS patients had lower door-to-imaging, door-to-groin times (24.02±15.01 vs.79.29±59.36 , 96.05±32.72 vs.146.39±72.88, all P < 0.001). Compared with OHS patients, the proportion of patients with good functional outcomes(mRS score of 0-3) at 90 d in the IHS group was significantly lower (64.5% vs. 41.9%%, p=0.038) and there was no significant difference in the proportion of patients with favorable functional outcomes (mRS score of 0-2) (48.4% vs. 35.5%, p=0.277).
Conclusion: Our study shows that although IHS patients had a significantly shorter time intervals from symptom onset to end EVT, IHS had worse good functional outcomes than OHS patients but with a similar rate of favorable functional outcomes. Delays in IHS management and more complications seem to be the main causes of poor prognosis of IHS.
Effect of Laser Polishing Parameters on Residual Stress, Surface Roughness, and Microhardness of Ti6Al4V
Authors: Balhara Rama , Hijam Justin , Vadali Madhu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The present study explores the impact of laser polishing (LP) process parameters of Ti6Al4V on the induced residual stress and surface properties. LP is a thermal process that involves melting a thin surface layer. The flows within the molten layer reduce the surface undulations caused due to initial surface roughness, resulting in a smoother surface. The material undergoes heating and cooling cycles in LP, resulting in residual stresses. This paper details the trade-offs between the residual stresses and the surface properties for various process parameters. The induced residual stresses show dependency on the cooling rate during the process, predicted using a validated finite element-based numerical model. For the set of process parameters, it was observed that the induced residual stress has no significant variation with a change in laser power. However, it increases with an increase in scan speed. A reduction of around 71% in surface roughness is observed at 100 W and 0.1 m/s, with a minimum induced residual stress of ~ 372 MPa. However, the surface hardness is maintained for all sets of process parameters. A comparative study is also conducted for the induced residual stress between pure Ti and Ti6Al4V. It is noted that for all process parameters, the induced residual stress is higher for Ti6Al4V. However, pure Ti also follows the trend of variation of laser power and scan speed on the induced residual stress.
Integrated transcriptome and single-cell sequencing reveals M2-like tumor-associated macrophages-related prognostic signatures in breast cancer
Authors: Xuyang Haochen , Lin Peiyan , Zhu Ye , Zhang Qin , Zhou Jinghong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (M2-like TAMs) have crucial functions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and cancer development. This study explored M2-like TAMs-related prognostic signatures in breast cancer (BRCA) by combining transcriptome and scRNA-seq.
Methods: All datasets (TCGA-BRCA, GSE20685, GSE176078) were downloaded from UCSC xena and GEO database. AUCell score of immune-related genes (IRGs) was calculated using R package. M2-like TAMs-related genes were screened by WGCNA. Signature genes predictive of BRCA prognosis were identified by univariate Cox and LASSOregression analyses. Then, RiskScore model was constructed and validated in external dataset. Nomogram was established by integrating RiskScore and clinical characteristics. Correlation analysis between RiskScore and TME or chemotherapeutic drugs was conducted.
Results: Macrophage exhibited the highest IRGs AUCell score in single-cell transcriptomic atlas of BRCA. Macrophage was split into C1 and C2 subtypes, and Macrophage C1 highly expressed the marker genes of M2 macrophages. Then, 903 M2-like TAMs-related genes were acquired. ARHGAP26, RILP, KLRB1, CSTA, KLHDC7B, PSMB8, KYNU, RNASE1, LONRF3, and TRPM2were screened as prognostic signatures to establish RiskScore model, exhibiting good robustness. Nomogram was constructed by combining stage, Age, and RiskScore, with good predictive performance. Besides, most immune cells showed a negative correlation with RiskScore. Eight drugs were notably correlated with RiskScore, and the high-risk group had higher half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Ribociclib_1632, conversely indicating that the BRCA patients with low RiskScore were more sensitive to Ribociclib_1632.
Conclusion: We identified 10 M2-like TAMs-related prognostic signatures, providing potential therapeutic targetsfor BRCA.
Investigation of the Bone Repair Mechanism in Femoral Head Necrosis Promoted by Spleen-invigorating Huo-Gu Formula Via the MPET Model
Authors: Sun Shiyi , Li Zeyan , Zhang Cheng , Wu Zixuan , Guo Liwei , Yang Tongjie , He Haijun , Chen Duanduan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
A three-dimensional blood perfusion simulation model of the femoral head is an innovative approach for studying blood flow and displacement deformation in the femoral head. Using this model, the mechanism by which spleen-invigorating Huo-Gu Formula (HGF) therapy exerts its effects on necrotic areas of the femoral head can be examined from the perspectives of blood supply and bone repair. This study aims to provide a theoretical foundation and objective basis for the use of HGF in the treatment of non-traumatic femoral head necrosis.
Methods
The multiple-network poroelastic theory (MPET) model, previously developed by our research team, was employed to analyse data from a patient with ARCO stage II femoral head necrosis. Color Doppler ultrasound and CT data of the patient’s medial circumflex femoral artery were collected before and three months after HGF treatment. Blood perfusion levels in the necrotic area, including arterial flow velocity, blood flow volume, and tissue deformation, were compared before and after treatment.
Results
The findings demonstrated that, following treatment with HGF, there was a significant increase in arterial flow velocity and blood flow volume in the necrotic area, accompanied by a reduction in tissue deformation.
Conclusion
HGF effectively enhances blood perfusion in the necrotic areas of the femoral head and promotes bone repair.
Deep learning-based lesion characterization and outcome prediction of prostate cancer on [ 18 F]DCFPyL PSMA imaging
Authors: Zhao Linmei , Imami Maliha , Wang Yuli , Mao Yitao , Hsu Wen-Chi , Chen Ruohua , Mena Esther , Li Yang , Tang Jingyi , Wu Jing , Voter Andrew F. , Amindarolzarbi Alireza , Kwak Lily , Bi Lulu , Kargilis Daniel , Afyouni Shadi , Gafita Andrei , Chen Junyu , Li Xin , Leal Jeffrey P. , Du Yong , Lin Gigin , Jiao Zhicheng , Choyke Peter L. , Rowe Steven P. , Pomper Martin G , Liao Weihua , Bai Harrison X. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to develop deep learning (DL) models for lesion characterization and outcome prediction in prostate cancer (PCa) patients using Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen (PSMA) PET/CT imaging.
Methods
The study included 358 confirmed PCa patients who underwent [18F]DCFPyL PET/CT imaging. Patients were divided into training and internal test sets (n = 275), prospective test set (n = 64), and external test set (n = 19). Lesions were evaluated using PSMA-Reporting and Data System (RADS) scores, malignancy classification, treatment response and survival prediction, followed by DL models trained for each of these tasks. The performance of multi-modality (PET + CT) models was compared to single-modality models, with the best models from the internal and prospective test sets applied to the external test set.
Results
The input concatenation model, incorporating both PET and CT data, demonstrated the highest performance across all tasks. For PSMA-RADS scoring, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.80–0.81) for the internal test set, 0.72 (95% CI: 0.69–0.75) for the prospective test set, and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.68–0.69) for the external test set. For malignancy classification, the model achieved AUROCs of 0.79 (95% CI: 0.78–0.80), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.68–0.71), and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.61–0.63) in the internal, prospective, and external test sets, respectively. The AUROC for treatment response prediction was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.73–0.77) for the internal test set, 0.70 (95% CI: 0.67–0.72) for the prospective test set, and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.70–0.73) for the external dataset. The C-index for survival was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.57–0.59), 0.60 (95% CI: 0.60–0.63) and 0.59 (95% CI: 0.57–0.62) in the internal, prospective, and external test sets, respectively.
Conclusions
The DL model utilizing input concatenation of PET and CT data outperformed single-modality models in PSMA-RADS scoring, malignancy classification, treatment response assessment, and survival prediction, highlighting its potential as a clinical tool.
Predictive Value of Plasma Zonulin Levels for Postoperative Hirschsprung-Associated Enterocolitis in Hirschsprung’s Disease Patients
Authors: Wu Lihua , Zhou Ruijie , Xiao Ping , Zhang Zhen , Li Bo , Pierro Agostino , Li Long , Jiang Qian , Li Qi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Hirschsprung’s disease (HSCR) is a functional obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract characterized by the congenital absence of enteric ganglion cells. This condition leads to impaired intestinal barrier function in HSCR patients, which primarily manifests as abdominal distension, constipation, and vomiting. The protein zonulin serves as a biomarker for intestinal permeability. In this study, we aimed to explore the changes in plasma zonulin levels in patients with HSCR and to assess its predictive role in the development of postoperative Hirschsprung-associated enterocolitis (HAEC).
Methods
Sixty HSCR patients were recruited for this study, categorized into short-segment disease (S-HSCR) (n=33), long-segment disease (L-HSCR) (n=15), and total colonic aganglionosis (TCA) (n=12). Venous blood samples were taken from all participants before and after pull-through surgery. Plasma concentrations of zonulin were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HE-stained sections from 27 patients were used to evaluate the inflammation degree of the dilated (ganglionic) segment. Postoperative outcomes were assessed through a combination of online questionnaires and telephone interviews. The diagnostic threshold for HAEC was set based on clinical symptom definition and the HAEC scoring system developed previously.
Results
Preoperative zonulin levels in patients with TCA were significantly lower than those in patients with S-HSCR (p=0.008) and L-HSCR (p=0.028). The incidence of postoperative HAEC was 16.7%, 57.1%, and 14.3% in TCA, L-HSCR, and S-HSCR groups, respectively. Patients who experienced an increase of more than 1.5 times in plasma zonulin levels on the first day after surgery had a higher risk of developing HAEC (p=0.005).
Conclusion
Preoperative zonulin levels were lowest in the TCA group. The rate of change in zonulin levels on the first day after surgery can serve as a useful indicator for predicting the risk of postoperative HAEC occurrence.
Rapid and Accurate Diagnosis of Breast Cancer by Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Using the “Click-to-Sense” Method
Authors: Kitahara Yuri , Tanei Tomonori , Hatano Takaaki , Pradipta Ambara R. , Morimoto Koji , Nagatomo Tadasuke , Abe Kaori , Masunaga Nanae , Mishima Chieko , Yoshinami Tetsuhiro , Tsukabe Masami , Sota Yoshiaki , Miyake Tomohiro , Shimoda Masafumi , Motoyama Yuichi , Morii Eiichi , Tanaka Katsunori , Shimazu Kenzo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

We have previously demonstrated the value of the “click-to-sense” (CTS) assay, in which a fluorescent probe targeting acrolein can detect cancer cells and differentiate between malignant and benign lesions in breast tissue. In this study, we assessed the usefulness of the CTS assay for diagnosis of breast tumors by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). A total of 126 FNABs were performed on live tissue samples obtained by surgery (63 breast cancers, 31 benign breast tumors, and 32 normal breast glands). CTS reagents (CTS probe and Hoechst dye mixed with encapsulating agents) were added to the aspirated cells and placed on slides, which were then cover-slipped and imaged under a fluorescence microscope. Another FNAB slide was prepared for each of the same live tissue samples, fixed in ethanol, and subjected to Papanicolaou (PAP) staining. The diagnostic accuracy of the CTS assay was compared with that of PAP staining by histopathological examination of permanent sections. The CTS assay had a sensitivity of 92.1%, a specificity of 96.8%, and an accuracy of 94.4% (119/126 samples); the respective values for PAP staining were 98.4%, 89.8%, and 94.2% (114/121 samples). The insufficiency/inadequacy rate was 0% for the CTS assay and 4% for PAP staining (5/126 samples). In conclusion, the CTS assay is as accurate as PAP staining for FNAB of breast lesions. This assay could potentially replace PAP staining because it has a lower inadequacy rate and is simpler and less labor-intensive and time-consuming to perform.
Nomogram and scoring system for preoperative prediction the risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome in patients undergoing one-stage flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy
Authors: Zhou Yuan , Zhu Lian , Zhang Haiyan , Zhang Rentao , Ding Yinman , Wang Zhengquan , Lin Changming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives To develop an effective predictive tool for preoperative prediction the risk of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in one-stage flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURL). Materials and methods A total of 340 patients with upper urinary tract stone (UUTS) who underwent one-stage FURL from April 2021 to May 2024 were analyzed retrospectively. We used least absolute shrinkage and selection regression and multivariate logistic regression analysis to screen out independent risk factors and then developed a nomogram. Concordance index (C-index), receiver operating characteristic curve and calibration curve were used to internal evaluated the predictive ability. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was used to test the clinical serviceability of the nomogram. We further evaluated the risk of SIRS in one-stage FURL based on the influence of available variables. Results: Age, urinary white blood cells, urine bacterial culture and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) were combined to establish nomogram for prediction the risk of SIRS in one-stage FURL. The SII had the highest odds ratio (OR = 30.356) to SIRS. The C-index (0.964, 95%CI = 0.932–0.996), area under curve (0.935), and calibration curve demonstrated the favourable predictive ability of nomogram prediction. DCA curve presented almost all patients in this study were suitable for this nomogram. We further developed a scoring system and classified the risk of SIRS into four grades. Conclusion The established nomogram and risk scoring system have favourable predictive ability and clinical serviceability to personalize predict the SIRS risk in UUTS patients undergoing one-stage FURL. The proposed tool may help clinicians select effective treatment for UUTS patients.