bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A National Evaluation of Undergraduate Nursing and Midwifery Curricula
Authors: Ryder Mary , Browne Freda , Curtin Mary , Connolly Michael , Furlong Eileen , Geraghty Sadie , Larkin John , Prendergast Margaret , Meegan Margaret , Brenner Maria 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo conduct a comprehensive review of Undergraduate Nursing and Midwifery Curricula leading to registration in Ireland.DesignA mixed methods approach using a curriculum evaluation framework that was underpinned by the philosophy and principles of appreciative inquiry.MethodsFive separate workstreams completed an evaluation of national policy documents and international curriculum documents, a literature review and two phases of stakeholder engagement including a graduate survey and peer‐grouped stakeholder focus groups. The workstreams were emulated for the professions of nursing and midwifery.ResultsNational policy indicates a significant shift in healthcare delivery to the community environment, with a strong focus on the social determinants of health and a flexible interprofessional workforce. International curricula review revealed that nursing and midwifery education was split equally between academia and clinical practice at bachelor's degree level. Graduates were assessed for clinical competence with a variance of four to seven domains of competence evident for nurses and five principles for midwives. Direct entry midwifery was not widely available. The graduate survey identified that students were satisfied with the academic components of the curriculum; however, significant challenges in clinical placement were reported. Stakeholder focus groups reported a need for a learner‐focused approach to the curricula, increased access to education, a deeper understanding and appreciation of the various roles required to educate nurses and midwives and a recognition of midwifery as a separate profession.ConclusionThere is a need for a significant revision of the current nursing and midwifery curricula to meet the future healthcare needs of the diverse patient population with a community‐focused delivery.Reporting MethodThe good reporting of a mixed methods study was used to guide the development of this manuscript.Patient or Public ContributionAn Expert Advisory Group (EAG) was appointed to oversee the conduct of the research project and advise the research team as requested. There were five service user representatives included in the membership of the EAG. This included one representative from each of the divisions of the nursing and midwifery register in Ireland. A separate stakeholder engagement focus group was also conducted for the research upon the request from the service users.
Fostering a Trusting Relationship With Family in Dementia Special Care Units: A Participatory Action Research Project
Authors: Hovenga Nina , Landeweer Elleke , Lesman‐Leegte Ivonne , Van Twillert Sacha , Vinckers Floor , Zuidema Sytse , Leget Carlo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore experiences of nursing home staff in implementing self‐designed interventions to foster trusting relationships with family in practice.DesignThis qualitative study used a Participatory Action Research approach.MethodsData collection included focus groups (n = 15), interviews (n = 28) and observations (n = 5). A holistic narrative approach was used for data analysis, resulting in co‐constructed narratives representing experiences of nursing home staff in implementing four different interventions in five Dutch dementia special care units in nursing homes. The data collection period began in August 2021 and ended in April 2022.ResultsNursing home staff implemented self‐designed interventions to foster trusting relationships with family, including initiating informal conversations, sharing residents’ ‘happy’ moments, discussing mutual expectations, and being more aware of families’ emotional burdens. Identified facilitators emphasise the importance of reciprocity, familiarity, transparency, realistic goal setting and empathy. Identified barriers are related to moral uncertainty in balancing competing demands, conflicting social norms, prioritising hands‐on care tasks over family contact and lack of courage to act.ConclusionNursing home staff conclude that their interventions contribute positively to building and maintaining a trusting relationship with families.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareSharing the narratives of nursing home staff with peers would support them in implementing interventions to foster trust. Regular Moral Case Deliberations can be used to address moral uncertainty. Collective dialogue among nursing home staff can be useful in establishing new social norms that prioritise family involvement. Conversation skills training can empower nursing home staff.ImpactTrust between nursing home staff and families can be improved by implementing the conducted interventions.Reporting MethodThis report adheres to the standards for reporting qualitative research (COREQ).Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Sentiment of Nurses Towards Artificial Intelligence and Resistance to Change in Healthcare Organisations: A Mixed‐Method Study
Authors: Amin Shaimaa Mohamed , El‐Gazar Heba Emad , Zoromba Mohamed Ali , El‐Sayed Mona Metwally , Atta Mohamed Hussein Ramadan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundResearch identified preliminary evidence that artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in healthcare, revolutionising various aspects of healthcare delivery, from diagnostics to treatment planning. However, integrating AI into healthcare systems in Egypt is challenging, particularly concerning healthcare professionals' acceptance and adoption of these technologies. This mixed‐method study aimed to explore the sentiment of nurses at different organisational levels towards AI and resistance to change in healthcare organisations.MethodsA mixed‐method design was employed, with quantitative data collected through a survey of 500 nurses using the general attitudes towards AI and resistance to change scale and qualitative data from semi‐structured interviews with 17 nurses. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were analysed thematically.ResultsThe survey demonstrated that positive attitudes were inversely correlated with resistance behaviour and resistance to change. Additionally, perceptions of AI's usefulness, ease of use and value were strongly and positively correlated with positive attitudes and negatively correlated with negative attitudes. Moreover, the influence of colleagues' opinions, self‐efficacy for change and organisational support showed significant positive correlations with positive attitudes towards AI and negative correlations with negative attitudes. Qualitatively, nurses cited obstacles such as lack of familiarity with AI technologies, biases affecting decision‐making, technological challenges, inadequate training and fear of technology replacing human interaction. Readiness for AI integration was associated with the necessity of training and the timing of AI use.ConclusionNurses demonstrated varied understanding of AI's applications and benefits. Some acknowledged its potential for efficiency and time‐saving, while others highlighted a need for up‐to‐date knowledge.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Using self‐determination theory to link empathy and voluntary health behaviors
Authors: Martinez Anjelica , Knee C. Raymond 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHealth research demonstrates that prosocial health behaviors, while typically voluntarily, can be influenced by dispositional empathy. However, the motivating circumstances regarding this link between empathy and prosocial health behavior have not been well understood. Self‐determination theory provides a framework for motivating voluntary behavior. Three preregistered studies (ntotal = 630) sought to integrate self‐determination's autonomous and controlled motivation to protect vulnerable populations from illness as potential mediators associated with dispositional empathy and face mask wearing behavior (Studies 1 and 2), and flu vaccination (Study 3). Results demonstrate that autonomous motivation positively mediates the empathy‐prosocial health behavior pathway whereas controlled motivation does not. Findings postulate the importance of identifying motivation in predicting face mask behavior and flu vaccination.
Effect of load reduction on the calcification of rat tibial tuberosity: Focus on calcification factors and chondrocyte mechanosensors
Authors: Suito Hirai , Minamizono Wataru , Yashima Nao , Matsunaga Hiroya , Fujikawa Kaoru , Ohsako Masafumi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe tibial tuberosity has a superficial patellar tendon‐embedded portion and a deep uncalcified cartilage portion. Suppressed calcification of the tibial tuberosity leads to Osgood–Schlatter disease. The tibial tuberosity calcifies with age; load reduction degrades the cartilage matrix and promotes calcification, suggesting that reduced mechanical stimulation of the tibial tuberosity promotes calcification. However, this is yet to be clarified. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of mechanical stimulation reduction on the tibial tuberosity tissue structure and calcification mechanism. Specifically, we examined the effect of load reduction on tibial tuberosity calcification in 20 male 7‐week‐old Wistar rats classified into two groups: hind‐limb suspension (HS, n = 10) and control (CO, n = 10). We observed superficial and deep tibial tuberosities in both groups. The tibial tuberosity in the HS group had narrower areas of deep portions than did those in the CO group (p = 0.000539), and immature bone tissue and cartilage tissue were observed in the HS group. Enpp1 expression did not significantly differ between the groups (p = 0.804). In contrast, Alpl (p = 0.001) and Mmp3 (p = 0.006) expression increased whereas Timp3 expression decreased (p = 0.002) in the HS group. Thus, these results showed a maturing of bone ossification, and this gene expression trend was similar to that observed in a murine join instability model of osteoarthritis with articular cartilage calcification and ossification. The HS tibial tuberosity also showed immature bone tissue. In conclusion, reduced mechanical stimulation caused tibial tuberosity calcification and pathological changes. These findings highlight the importance of optimal exercise to avoid premature pathological structural changes in bones and joints.
Microanatomy of incremental growth lines in dental tissues in reindeer Rangifer tarandus
Authors: Boyde Alan , Tyler Nicholas J. C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCounting growth layers in dentine and/or secondary cementum is widely used for age determination in wild mammals but the underlying seasonal changes in the structure and degree of mineralisation of dental tissue have not been well characterised. We embedded first (m1) and second (m2) mandibular permanent molar teeth from a 12‐year‐old female Svalbard reindeer (Rangifer tarandus platyrhynchus) in PolyMethylMethAcrylate (PMMA), prepared cut and polished surfaces coated with evaporated carbon and used 20 kV back‐scattered electron imaging in a scanning electron microscope (BSE‐SEM) to study aspects of dental tissue structure which depend on the degree of mineralisation at the micron and sub‐micron scale. BSE‐SEM revealed differences between the mineral content of growth layers (annulations) in the secondary cementum and the primary and secondary dentine, the latter, incidentally, still forming at death in m1. Wide bands of less well mineralised tissue formed in the cementum during active appositional phases. Thin, denser bands formed by maturation‐mineralisation of existing tissue when growth slowed in winter. This maturation mimics the processes seen in lamellar bone and articular cartilage. Counter to previous suggestions, there was evidence of substantial resorption and repair of the secondary cementum and of formation of dentine throughout life. Secondary dentine is layered by mineral content like cementum. In the crown, this was mainly tubular dentine with well‐marked interglobular dentine layers. In the lower pulp chamber and root, it was largely without tubules. Substantial non‐mineralised spaces found at the cement‐dentine junction in the root apical regions in m2 represent inclusions of the Hertwig's Epithelial Root Sheath (HERS) or the Epithelial Rests of Malassez (ERM) between the two tissues, a phenomenon which has previously only been identified in Muridae. The anatomical changes which result in the formation of the incremental lines (annulations) in dental tissues of reindeer, identified here for the first time at the micrometre level, are likely to be common across most if not all long‐lived species of mammals living in seasonal environments.
Caprylic Acid From Vitex mollis Pulp Alters Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Plasma Membrane and Reduces Anthracnose Development on Papaya Fruit
Authors: López‐Velázquez Jordi G. , Delgado‐Vargas Francisco , Quiroz‐Figueroa Francisco R. , Ayón‐Reyna Lidia E. , López‐López Martha E. , García‐Armenta Evangelina , Flores‐Zamora Gabriela L. , Vega‐García Misael O. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTSynthetic fungicides are used to control anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides; however, their frequent application increases the risk of pathogen resistance, environmental damage, and health concerns. It has been reported that caprylic acid (CA) inhibits the in vitro development of C. gloeosporioides; however, its antifungal mechanism and in vivo antifungal potential are still unknown. Therefore, the present work aims to analyse the effect of a CA‐enriched sub‐fraction (CAES) extracted from Vitex mollis fruit on the fungal microstructure by confocal fluorescence microscopy and morphometric analysis. Moreover, the effect of CAES on anthracnose development and quality parameters in papaya fruit was evaluated. The confocal microscopy images confirmed that CAES damaged the cell wall of conidia, given their decreased width. The increased fluorescence intensity in the CAES and CA‐treated mycelium suggested they were attached to the plasma membrane. These treatments produced structural alterations of the vacuoles and septa in mycelium, while in the fungicide thiabendazole (TBZ) treatment, apoptotic bodies appeared. CAES at 1.0 g L−1 had the best effect against anthracnose incidence and severity in papaya fruit, whereas TBZ was only effective on anthracnose severity. None of the applied treatments affected the fruit quality parameters. Therefore, CAES may be develop as an effective option to suppress anthracnose on papaya fruit.
DNA Packaging Specificity in the λ‐Like Phages: Gifsy‐1
Authors: Feiss Michael , Sippy Jean Arens 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDNA viruses recognize viral DNA and package it into virions. Specific recognition is needed to distinguish viral DNA from host cell DNA. The λ‐like Escherichia coli phages are interesting and good models to examine genome packaging by large DNA viruses. Gifsy‐1 is a λ‐like Salmonella phage. Gifsy‐1's DNA packaging specificity was compared with those of closely related phages λ, 21, and N15. In vivo packaging studies showed that a Gifsy‐1‐specific phage packaged λ DNA at ca. 50% efficiency and λ packages Gifsy‐1‐specific DNA at ~30% efficiency. The results indicate that Gifsy‐1 and λ share the same DNA packaging specificity. N15 is also shown to package Gifsy‐1 DNA. Phage 21 fails to package λ, N15, and Gifsy‐1‐specific DNAs; the efficiencies are 0.01%, 0.01%, and 1%, respectively. A known incompatibility between the 21 helix‐turn‐helix motif and cosBλ is proposed to account for the inability of 21 to package Gifsy‐1 DNA. A model is proposed to explain the 100‐fold difference in packaging efficiency between λ and Gifsy‐1‐specific DNAs by phage 21. Database sequences of enteric prophages indicate that phages with Gifsy‐1's DNA packaging determinants are confined to Salmonella species. Similarly, prophages with λ DNA packaging specificity are rarely found in Salmonella. It is proposed that λ and Gifsy‐1 have diverged from a common ancestor phage, and that the differences may reflect adaptation of their packaging systems to host cell differences.
Impaired Brown midrib12 function orchestrates sorghum resistance to aphids via an auxin conjugate indole‐3‐acetic acid–aspartic acid
Authors: Grover Sajjan , Mou De‐Fen , Shrestha Kumar , Puri Heena , Pingault Lise , Sattler Scott E. , Louis Joe 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Lignin, a complex heterogenous polymer present in virtually all plant cell walls, plays a critical role in protecting plants from various stresses. However, little is known about how lignin modifications in sorghum will impact plant defense against sugarcane aphids (SCA), a key pest of sorghum.

We utilized the sorghum brown midrib (bmr) mutants, which are impaired in monolignol synthesis, to understand sorghum defense mechanisms against SCA. We found that loss of Bmr12 function and overexpression (OE) of Bmr12 provided enhanced resistance and susceptibility to SCA, respectively, as compared with wild‐type (WT; RTx430) plants.

Monitoring of the aphid feeding behavior indicated that SCA spent more time in reaching the first sieve element phase on bmr12 plants compared with RTx430 and Bmr12‐OE plants. A combination of transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that bmr12 plants displayed altered auxin metabolism upon SCA infestation and specifically, elevated levels of auxin conjugate indole‐3‐acetic acid–aspartic acid (IAA–Asp) were observed in bmr12 plants compared with RTx430 and Bmr12‐OE plants. Furthermore, exogenous application of IAA–Asp restored resistance in Bmr12‐OE plants, and artificial diet aphid feeding trial bioassays revealed that IAA–Asp is associated with enhanced resistance to SCA.

Our findings highlight the molecular underpinnings that contribute to sorghum bmr12‐mediated resistance to SCA.
Calcaneal Lengthening after Tarsal Bone Fusion for Massive Calcaneus Defect Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yao Xiangyun , Wang Xiaoyu , Zheng Xu , Mu Haoran , Ruan Hongjiang , Kang Qinglin 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesCalcaneus defect remains challenging with limited strategies for reconstruction. Current methods, including graft transplantation, substitution, and distraction osteogenesis, showed limited advantages with certain shortcomings. Current calcaneus lengthening for partial calcaneus loss reconstruction requires bone loss of less than 35%. We introduced our combination of tarsal bone fusion and gradual lengthening method in treating massive calcaneus loss.MethodsFrom January 2015 to December 2021, tarsal bone fusion and calcaneus gradual lengthening were performed in six patients with unilateral massive traumatic loss of the calcaneal tuberosity. A retrospective study was held to evaluate the outcomes of this novel technique. Clinical outcomes were assessed based on the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score (AOFAS). Radiological data were assessed, which included tibio‐calcaneal angle (TCA), calcaneal interface angle (CIA), metatarsal declination angle (MDA), angle of longitudinal arch (ALA), and the amount of calcaneus axial lengthening (CAL).ResultsThe mean calcaneal axial lengthening was 43.8 ± 3.1 mm (range, 39–49.5 mm), and the mean proportion of the lengthened calcaneus was 47.8% ± 3.7% (range, 42.8–55.3%). The mean external fixation time was 104.8 ± 67.5 days (range, 69 to 242 days), and the mean external fixation index was 2.4 ± 1.6 days/cm. All patients stuck to the postoperative follow‐up plan with an average follow‐up time (FT) of 35.0 ± 6.7 months (range, 26–40 months). Deformities of the injured limbs were all corrected according to radiography. Based on the AOFAS, three excellent and three good results were achieved.ConclusionThe Ilizarov technique remains an option for calcaneus reconstruction with a great amount of loss once combined with tarsal bone fusion. The function of the injured foot and ankle can be satisfactorily restored using these techniques in our study. Apart from calcaneus elongation, tarsal bone fusion is somehow necessary to reinforce the proximal segment of the distracted calcaneus for creating a larger distraction callus, correcting concomitant foot deformities, and enhancing hindfoot stability. It is necessary to choose flexibly when tarsal bones should be fused.
Analysis of publicly available adverse events reported for pediatric patients treated with Janus kinase inhibitors
Authors: Talasila Sahithi , Lee Emily , Teichner Eric M. , Siegfried Elaine C. , Jackson Cullison Stephanie R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractJanus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are drugs that block tyrosine kinases responsible for transducing cytokine signals. The first JAKi was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2011 to treat rheumatoid arthritis in adults. A pediatric indication was not approved until 8 years later, for acute graft‐versus‐host disease. Since then, topical and oral formulations have gained FDA approval for pediatric patients with dermatologic diseases. While increasing evidence supports the safety of these medications in adults, data are limited in children. We sought to determine whether JAKi adverse events (AEs) as reported in clinical trials and via postapproval pharmacovigilance services are comparable in adult and pediatric patients. Pharmacovigilance data were extracted from the FDA's Adverse Event Reporting System and the Canada Vigilance Adverse Reaction Online Database for baricitinib, upadacitinib, abrocitinib, ruxolitinib, and tofacitinib. The pooled data were analyzed to detect the most common AEs for specific JAKi and for the drug class. We assessed 399,649 AEs from 133,216 adults and 2883 AEs from 955 patients under 18 years old and identified slightly different AE profiles for the two age groups. Both populations had increased risk for infections and gastrointestinal AEs. However, pediatric patients reported a higher proportion of blood and lymphatic disorders, while reports of nervous system and musculoskeletal/connective tissue disorders were more common in adults. The spectrum of AEs extracted from pharmacovigilance reports was similar to clinical trials. The JAKi AE profiles we observed may prove helpful in counseling patients and their parents before starting therapy and for monitoring once patients are on therapy.
Different impacts of physical activity on health in urban and rural older adults
Authors: Lin Shu‐Fen , Chu Chia‐Hsiang , Chou Wei‐Ting , Hsieh Tsung‐Cheng , Kuo Yu‐Lun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the impact of physical activity on health among older adults in urban and rural areas in Taiwan.MethodsThis study employed a cross‐sectional design and data were analyzed from 2015 to 2019 from the Hualien County Health Bureau. Participants were divided into urban (n = 4780) and rural groups (n = 4983), and logistic regression models were employed to examine how physical activity relates to their health condition in urban and rural older adults.ResultsResults indicated lower physical activity levels and higher unhealthy behavior rate in rural older adults compared to their urban counterparts. Rural older adults had higher rates of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes but lower rates of mental illness. Physical activity demonstrated greater physical health benefits for urban older adults than rural older people. Conversely, rural individuals who engaged in physical activity 150 min/week exhibited greater mental health benefits than their urban counterparts.ConclusionsPhysical activity offers significant mental health benefits for both urban and rural older adults; however, notable improvements in physical health among urban older adults was found. If in the presence of unhealthy behaviors, regular physical activity may not effectively prevent chronic diseases. It is crucial to promote physical activity and healthy behaviors in rural areas.