bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tooth injuries: Knowledge of parents of public school students from the city of Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Cosme‐Silva Leopoldo , Fernandes Leandro A. , Rosselli Eliana R. , Poi Wilson R. , Martins Natália da Silva , de Lima Daniela C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground/AimsThe prognosis of traumatized teeth can be optimized if appropriate procedures are following at the time of the accident. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of students’ parents from a group of Brazilian schools regarding fracture and tooth avulsion in permanent teeth.MethodsParents of 802 students were interviewed using a pre‐tested questionnaire designed to explore how they would manage their child's dental avulsion or fracture.ResultsAmong the parents, 8.6% reported their child had already suffered tooth injuries. Concerning dental fracture, 49.5% considered the possibility of bonding the tooth fragment and, for dental avulsion, 65.5% considered tooth replantation. Approximately 33.5% of parents would take the child to the dental office in case of fracture or dental avulsion, and of those, 66.2% would do so immediately. Further, 69.5% (for fracture) and 70.4% (for avulsion) would do so regardless of symptoms; only 24.2% and 21.3%, respectively, would seek care only if there was pain. In case of avulsion, 22.3% of those interviewed would store the tooth in liquid, such as saline solution (17.8%), water (16.4%) and fresh milk (12.2%).ConclusionParents had partial and insufficient knowledge as to the proper approach to be adopted in cases of fracture and dental avulsion. Previous experience of dental trauma was not related to more appropriate behavior regarding these injuries.
The Great Famine in the county of Flanders (1315–17): the complex interaction between weather, warfare, and property rights
Authors: Geens Sam 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe exceptional weather conditions and associated harvest failures of 1315–17 marked the beginning of the worst subsistence crisis in European history. Until now, historians have mainly viewed the Great Famine, and medieval famines in general, through theoretical models of the larger fourteenth‐century crisis. However, this article suggests that this approach is flawed and instead applies recent theories on contemporary famines to the crisis of 1315–17 in the county of Flanders. This new perspective not only leads to a re‐examination of existing explanations, such as the role of warfare, but also reveals the importance of property rights in entitlement to food: the power of elites, the relative number of large‐scale landowners, and the structure of household income all influenced peasants’ degree of vulnerability.
Characterizing synchrony patterns across cognitive task stages of associative recognition memory
Authors: Portoles Oscar , Borst Jelmer P. , van Vugt Marieke K. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNumerous studies seek to understand the role of oscillatory synchronization in cognition. This problem is particularly challenging in the context of complex cognitive behavior, which consists of a sequence of processing steps with uncertain duration. In this study, we analyzed oscillatory connectivity measures in time windows that previous computational models had associated with a specific sequence of processing steps in an associative memory recognition task (visual encoding, familiarity, memory retrieval, decision making, and motor response). The timing of these processing steps was estimated on a single‐trial basis with a novel hidden semi‐Markov model multivariate pattern analysis (HSMM‐MVPA) method. We show that different processing stages are associated with specific patterns of oscillatory connectivity. Visual encoding is characterized by a dense network connecting frontal, posterior, and temporal areas as well as frontal and occipital phase locking in the 4–9 Hz theta band. Familiarity is associated with frontal phase locking in the 9–14 Hz alpha band. Decision making is associated with frontal and temporo‐central interhemispheric connections in the alpha band. During decision making, a second network in the theta band that connects left‐temporal, central, and occipital areas bears similarity to the neural signature for preparing a motor response. A similar theta band network is also present during the motor response, with additionally alpha band connectivity between right‐temporal and posterior areas. This demonstrates that the processing stages discovered with the HSMM‐MVPA method are indeed linked to distinct synchronization patterns, leading to a closer understanding of the functional role of oscillations in cognition.
A stereospecific carboxyl esterase from Bacillus coagulans hosting nonlipase activity within a lipase‐like fold
Authors: De Vitis Valerio , Nakhnoukh Cristina , Pinto Andrea , Contente Martina L. , Barbiroli Alberto , Milani Mario , Bolognesi Martino , Molinari Francesco , Gourlay Louise J. , Romano Diego 
Published: December 2017

Microbial carboxylesterases are important biocatalysts that selectively hydrolyze an extensive range of esters. Here, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of an atypical carboxylesterase from Bacillus coagulans (BCE), endowed with high enantioselectivity toward different 1,2‐O‐isopropylideneglycerol (IPG or solketal) esters. BCE efficiently catalyzes the production of enantiopure (S)‐IPG, a chiral building block for the synthesis of β‐blockers, glycerophospholipids, and prostaglandins; efficient hydrolysis was observed up to 65 °C. To gain insight into the mechanistic bases of such enantioselectivity, we solved the crystal structures of BCE in apo‐ and glycerol‐bound forms at resolutions of 1.9 and 1.8 Å, respectively. In silico docking studies on the BCE structure confirmed that IPG esters with small acyl chains (≤ C6) were easily accommodated in the active site pocket, indicating that small conformational changes are necessary to accept longer substrates. Furthermore, docking studies suggested that enantioselectivity may be due to an improved stabilization of the tetrahedral reaction intermediate for the S‐enantiomer. Contrary to the above functional data implying nonlipolytic functions, BCE displays a lipase‐like 3D structure that hosts a “lid” domain capping the main entrance to the active site. In lipases the lid mediates catalysis through interfacial activation, a process that we did not observe for BCE. Overall, we present the functional‐structural properties of an atypical carboxyl esterase that has nonlipase‐like functions, yet possesses a lipase‐like 3D fold. Our data provide original enzymatic information in view of BCE applications as an inexpensive, efficient biocatalyst for the production of enantiopure (S)‐IPG.DatabaseCoordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (www.rcsb.org) under accession numbers 5O7G (apo‐BCE) and 5OLU (glycerol‐bound BCE)
Liver resection of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with portal hypertension and multiple tumors
Authors: Ohkubo Takao , Midorikawa Yutaka , Nakayama Hisashi , Moriguchi Masamichi , Aramaki Osamu , Yamazaki Shintaro , Higaki Tokio , Takayama Tadatoshi 
Published: December 2017

AimLiver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been recommended only for patients with a single tumor without portal hypertension. We aimed to validate this treatment strategy that is based on by the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system.MethodsPatients undergoing liver resection were divided into two groups: patients with single HCC without portal hypertension (Group 1) and those with at least one factors of portal hypertension and multiple tumors, up to three lesions each ≤3 cm (Group 2). We compared survival and postoperative complications between the two groups.ResultsThe median overall and recurrence‐free survival periods of patients in Group 1 (n = 695) were 8.5 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6–9.0) and 2.4 years (2.2–2.7), respectively, and were significantly longer compared with those of patients in Group 2 (n = 197) (5.6 years [95% CI, 4.8–6.7], P = 0.001, and 1.9 years [1.6–2.1], P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the independent factors for overall survival were hepatitis C virus infection (hazard ratio, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.02–1.65], P = 0.032), multiple tumors (1.42 [1.01–1.98], P = 0.040), and vascular invasion (1.66 [1.31–2.10], P < 0.001). Frequency of morbidity (23 [3.3%] patients vs 11 [5.5%] patients, P = 0.143) and mortality (3 [0.4%] patients vs 2 [1.0%] patients, P = 0.305) was not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionsPatients with HCC with portal hypertension and/or multiple tumors could be candidates for liver resection due to the safety of the procedure.
Forging Selfhood: Social Categorisation and Identity in Arizona's Prison Wildfire Programme
Authors: FELDMAN LINDSEY RAISA 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article examines the expressions of identity for participants in the Inmate Wildfire Program (IWP), a skilled prison labour programme in the US state of Arizona. The identity of imprisoned individuals is deleteriously shaped by the penal regime's construction of the social category ‘criminal’. Yet this process in not totalising. Using evidence drawn from 15 months of ethnographic fieldwork with prison wildfire fighters, I argue that participation in the IWP encourages critical thinking, access to open space, and interactions with the public, which destabilises the label of criminality and allows prisoners to engage in positive forms of identity construction. Prison officials can incorporate aspects of the IWP into other prison programmes in order to promote the construction of non‐carceral identities.
Predicaments in Prisoners’ Institutional Rehabilitation for Parole Release: Some Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: HAMIN ZAITON , OTHMAN MOHD BAHRIN , ABU HASSAN RAFIZAH 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInstitutional rehabilitation is significant because the Parole Board's decision in releasing a prisoner would depend on the rehabilitation report. Such rehabilitation programmes and assessment have been implemented by rehabilitation officers with considerable challenges. This article reports the findings on such challenges in five local prisons in Malaysia. The primary data were obtained from qualitative interviews with prison rehabilitation officers, parole officers, prisoners, and Parole Board members. The findings reveal that these operational predicaments reconnected not only to the officers’ role, qualification, expertise, and professionalism but also to the policies and priorities of their respective prisons.
The meaning of suicidal behaviour from the perspective of senior nursing undergraduate students
Authors: Vedana Kelly G.G. , Pereira Camila C.M. , dos Santos José Carlos , Ventura Carla , Moraes Sabrina M. , Miasso Adriana I. , Zanetti Ana Carolina G. , Borges Tatiana L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe meaning ascribed to suicidal behaviours may influence the quality of the care provided to people at risk of suicide. Such a phenomenon has yet to be properly investigated amongst nursing undergraduate students, the aim of this study being to gain an understanding of the meanings of suicidal behaviour for a particular group of nurses. The study, which utilized grounded theory, was conducted in Brazil in 2016–2017 with 30 undergraduate students. The findings indicated that suicidal behaviour, classified according to the individual beliefs and judgements of the participants, presented a significant barrier to the delivery of care and was complex and multifaceted care phenomenon. Participants were often reluctant to discuss the topic, seemingly wanting to distance themselves from the care of persons exhibiting suicidal behaviour, and to avoid professional engagements relating to suicide prevention. Significant work is required in raising both an awareness and knowledge of suicidal behaviour befitting the promotion of tolerance, emotional competency, resilience, and empathy amongst nursing students.
Calibration and Validation of CSM‐CROPGRO‐Cotton Model Using Lysimeter Data in the Texas High Plains
Authors: Adhikari P. , Gowda P.H. , Marek G.W. , Brauer D.K. , Kisekka I. , Northup B. , Rocateli A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTexas High Plains (THP), one of the most important food and fiber producing regions in the Ogallala Aquifer Region, currently faces rapid decline of groundwater levels. Predicted climate extremes and high temporal variability in growing season precipitation may require growers to pump more groundwater from the Ogallala Aquifer to meet higher crop water demand. The Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) Cropping System Model (CSM) is a widely used crop simulation tool for evaluating impacts of different water and crop management practices, including irrigation on crop yield and water use efficiency. In this study, CROPGRO‐Cotton module of the DSSAT was calibrated and validated using 2000, 2001, 2002, and 2010 irrigated lysimeter field data managed by the USDA‐ARS (United States Department of Agriculture ‐ Agricultural Research Service) Conservation and Production Research Laboratory at Bushland, TX. The lysimeter field consisted of four equal plots designated as NE, SE, NW, and SW. Crop growth characteristics including leaf area index (LAI), above ground biomass (AGB), evapotranspiration (ET), soil moisture, and lint yield of 2000‐NE, 2000‐SE, and 2001‐NE, were used for calibration and 2002‐NE, 2010‐NE, and 2010‐SE were used for validation. The calibrated and validated model was used to simulate the long term (1924–2012) crop yield and seasonal crop ET. During the calibration process, some of the cultivar and ecotype parameters that influence LAI, AGB, and lint yield were adjusted for better statistical results. Measured and simulated LAI, AGB, ET, soil moisture, and lint yield showed good agreement during calibration and validation as indicated by performance statistics such as r2 from 0.70 to 0.82, and percent error (PE) = −0.85 to 17.3% for LAI; r2 = 0.89 to 0.95, and PE = −7.36 to −13.66% for AGB; and r2= 0.90 to 0.94, and PE = 3.20 to 3.44% for ET during calibration and validation, respectively. The model underestimated ET during peak vegetative growth and development stage except in some circumstances. The calibrated and validated model was able to simulate lint yield and seasonal ET during a long term (1924–2012) historic period for Bushland, TX, under irrigated conditions. The calibrated model could be used to schedule ET based irrigation management practices in the THP and to estimate future ET for other modeling experiments.
Understanding Climate‐Hydrologic‐Human Interactions to Guide Groundwater Model Development for Southern High Plains
Authors: Uddameri Venkatesh , Singaraju Sreeram , Karim Abdullah , Gowda Prasanna , Bailey Ryan , Schipanski Meagan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe Ogallala Aquifer is the only reliable source of freshwater in the Southern High Plains (SHP) and is used extensively to build a strong agricultural economy with a significant impact on global food security. Groundwater models capable of simulating human‐hydrologic‐climate interactions are crucial to guide future water management and policy planning endeavors in this water stressed region. A well‐defined conceptual model is a necessary first‐step in that direction. Conceptual modeling should not be limited to compiling necessary datasets but must also focus on generating critical insights pertaining to human‐climate‐aquifer interactions especially when the emphasis is on guiding future policy. Model integration and the feasibility of coupling available tools and techniques must be explored to fill‐in critical data gaps and capture interactions with a high degree of fidelity. A conceptual modeling framework built on this premise was applied to guide an on‐going regional‐scale groundwater modeling study in the SHP. The paucity of groundwater production data was identified as a major limiting factor. A linked Decision Support System for Agro‐Technology Transfer (DSSAT) model with MODFLOW is expected to be useful in obtaining groundwater production estimates through detailed crop modeling. The time to recharge is long (decades to centuries) over most of the SHP. As such, the coupling of watershed and groundwater models is perhaps not warranted. Baseflow separation indicated that surface water‐groundwater interactions have diminished over the last six decades due to declining water tables. While groundwater withdrawals generally increased during droughts, the aquifer also buffered climatic influences at some locations.
Nanostructured mullite steam oxidation resistant coatings for silicon carbide deposited via atomic layer deposition
Authors: Hoskins Amanda L. , Coffey Aidan H. , Musgrave Charles B. , Weimer Alan W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOxidation resistant, thin, pinhole‐free, crystalline mullite coatings were deposited on zirconia and silicon carbide particles using atomic layer deposition (ALD). The composition of the films was confirmed with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES), and the conformality and elemental dispersion of the films were characterized with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The films are deposited on the particle surface with a deposition rate of ~1 Å/cycle. The elemental concentration of aluminum relative to silicon in the film was determined to be 2.68:1 which agrees closely with the ratio of stable 3:2 mullite (2.88:1). A high‐temperature anneal for 5 hours at 1500°C was used to crystallize the films into the mullite phase. This work represents the first deposition of mullite films by ALD. The mullite and alumina‐coated particles were exposed to high‐temperature steam for 20 hours at 1000°C to assess the oxidation resistance of the films, which reduced the oxidation of silicon carbide by up to 62% relative to uncoated particles under these conditions. The activation energy of oxygen diffusion in the films was determined with density functional theory, and the computational results aligned well with the experimental outcomes.
3D characterization of porosity in an air plasma‐sprayed thermal barrier coating and its effect on thermal conductivity
Authors: Zhang Xun , Kulczyk‐Malecka Justyna , Carr James , Xiao Ping , Withers Philip  J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAir plasma spray (APS) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) contain pores, cracks and splat interfaces that are preferentially aligned normal to the heat flux direction. These significantly reduce (by as much as 50%) the thermal conductivity over a fully dense coating. Here the microstructures of APS thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have been characterized in 3D using X‐ray microcomputed tomography (μ‐CT). Pores larger than 2.8 μm3 are resolved and their contribution to thermal conductivity reduction is evaluated using image‐based microstructurally realistic numerical models. However, the models overestimate (by almost 50%) the measured thermal conductivity of the as‐deposited TBC sample. It is shown that this discrepancy is due to very fine (micrometer and submicrometer) cracks which readily sinter after short‐term exposure to temperatures representative of TBC operating conditions causing the measured thermal conductivity to rise to within 15% of that predicted. This suggests that under the realistic service conditions, the 3D image‐based models based on CT images provide a good indicator of the likely long‐term TBC performance. Virtual experiments showed that for the retained pores, the larger pores which are flatter and more oriented in the plane of the APS splats, contribute disproportionately to the beneficial reduction in thermal conductivity. Our results demonstrate that X‐ray imaging is a useful tool in establishing APS process conditions that give rise to a beneficial distribution of such pores.
The Sabar Ways of Knowing: Sustainable Ideas towards Educational Ecology
Authors: Hickman Richard , Sinha Pallawi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn common conception, art is often confined to a painting, sculpture, architecture or performance; we maintain however that what enables any art or artistic practice to become aesthetic is human experience. Arts and aesthetic practices are integral to the everyday lives of the indigenous Sabar tribes of India, particularly, in ascertaining Sabar ‘ways of knowing, being and doing’. This article describes the nature of Sabar aesthetic experience, and its educational relevance, through an empirical study employing ethnomethodology and innovative participatory tools. It examines definitions and identifies limitations considered through an indigenous lens before introducing the social actors of the study. Findings illustrates how aesthetic practices empower voice by enabling multitextual expressions, rebuilding trust with the community and generating data that other methods may render invisible. The article offers discussions on how everyday aesthetic experiences and practices are imperative to the development of an authentic being. It conceptualises an educational ecology towards the realisation of sustainable educational systems and culturally critical ideals of education. We argue for an education for emancipation, through difference not domination, through enabling aesthetic and authentic beings. Ultimately, we urge a critical and creative future citizenship that is empowered by education, not constrained by its demands.
Reinterpreting City as a Critical Ground in Atelier 1 Projects: Some Prospects and Projections on Ankara
Authors: Uludağ Zeynep , Güleç Gülşah 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article is based on the critical approaches developed in Atelier 1, an architectural design studio in the Gazi University Faculty of Architecture, Department of Architecture in Ankara, Turkey. The main theme of Atelier 1 Projects in the 2014–15 academic year was the ‘City as a Critical Ground’, in which the city, ground and criticism were discussed within the interdisciplinary theoretical field of architecture. Atelier 1, involving second, third and fourth year undergraduate students, reinterpreted and redesigned the urban ground of Ankara with a critical approach to reveal its unique identities and implicit values. Ground, accepted as the main critical material in the design process, was criticised not only in its physical sense, but also its social, cultural, political, economic, technological and even psychological aspects. The students were able to discover their own design methods from their criticisms of the urban ground, which also allowed them to determine their sites and programmes. In this way, Atelier 1 promoted freedom and flexibility as well as criticality in the design process, and pointed out that the relationship of architecture with city, ground and criticism should be discussed from a new theoretical perspective, primarily in the architectural design studio, as the core of architectural education. Atelier 1, as a theory‐based architectural design studio, motivated the students to develop a critical approach to the urban ground of Ankara so as to replace the rising formalism with criticism in architecture.