bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
­Genomic data mining of the marine actinobacteriaStreptomycessp. H-KF8 unveils insights into multi-stress related genes and metabolic pathways involved in antimicrobial synthesis
Authors: Undabarrena Agustina , Ugalde Juan A. , Seeger Michael , Cámara Beatriz 
Published: February 2017

Streptomycessp. H-KF8 is an actinobacterial strain isolated from marine sediments of a Chilean Patagonian fjord. Morphological characterization together with antibacterial activity was assessed in various culture media, revealing a carbon-source dependent activity mainly against Gram-positive bacteria (S. aureusandL. monocytogenes). Genome mining of this antibacterial-producing bacterium revealed the presence of 26 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) for secondary metabolites, where among them, 81% have low similarities with known BGCs. In addition, a genomic search inStreptomyces sp. H-KF8 unveiled the presence of a wide variety of genetic determinants related to heavy metal resistance (49 genes), oxidative stress (69 genes) and antibiotic resistance (97 genes). This study revealed that the marine-derivedStreptomycessp. H-KF8 bacterium has the capability to tolerate a diverse set of heavy metals such as copper, cobalt, mercury, chromate and nickel; as well as the highly toxic tellurite, a feature first time described forStreptomyces. In addition,Streptomycessp. H-KF8 possesses a major resistance towards oxidative stress, in comparison to the soil reference strainStreptomyces violaceoruberA3(2). Moreover,Streptomycessp. H-KF8 showed resistance to 88% of the antibiotics tested, indicating overall, a strong response to several abiotic stressors. The combination of these biological traits confirms the metabolic versatility ofStreptomycessp. H-KF8, a genetically well-prepared microorganism with the ability to confront the dynamics of the fjord-unique marine environment.
Composition law of oblique anhysteretic remanent magnetization and its relation to the magnetostatic interaction
Authors: Sato Masahiko , Mochizuki Nobutatsu , Watanabe Minako , Tsunakawa Hideo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe basic properties of oblique anhysteretic remanent magnetization (OARM) acquired in a weak and steady magnetic field with an arbitrary angle to the alternating field direction were studied. OARM and rock‐magnetic experiments were conducted on samples of basalt, granite, and sediment containing noninteracting single domain (SD), interacting SD, pseudo‐single‐domain, and multidomain low‐Ti titanomagnetites. The intensity of OARM (MOARM) systematically increased or decreased with increasing angle between alternating and steady field directions (θSF), while the angle between alternating field and OARM directions (θOARM) increased with increasing θSF for all samples. During stepwise alternating field demagnetization, the OARM vector shows a single component parallel to the steady field direction for θSF = 0° (ARMǁ) and 90° (ARM⊥). The median destructive field of ARM⊥ is larger than that of ARMǁ. For intermediate angles (θSF = 30°, 45°, and 60°), the OARM vector did not parallel the applied steady field but gradually increased θOARM with higher coercivity. These experiments indicate that the OARM vector is approximately given by the sum of two orthogonal magnetizations coinciding with ARMǁ and ARM⊥, respectively. Thus, the OARM vector can be determined by acquisition efficiencies of ARMǁ and ARM⊥ in an individual sample. Based on these experiments and associated rock‐magnetic measurements, noninteracting SD samples show lower ARM⊥/ARMǁ ratios, compared to other samples. This result suggests that OARM can be used as a useful tool to detect noninteracting SD particles in the paleomagnetic samples.
Mars thermosphere as seen in MAVEN accelerometer data
Authors: Zurek R. W. , Tolson R. A. , Bougher S. W. , Lugo R. A. , Baird D. T. , Bell J. M. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Mars thermosphere (above approximately 120 km) has been probed in situ for one Mars year using accelerometers on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft. This region is affected by radiation and energy deposition from the Sun and by energy and momentum from the lower atmosphere. Densities derived from measurements made during the nominal science orbits (periapsis > 140 km) show consistent trends with solar zenith angle and Sun‐Mars distance, reflecting direct and indirect heating of the thermosphere, although orbit‐to‐orbit variability is still significant. The six Deep Dip campaigns that MAVEN has conducted (with periapsis dropping below ~135 km) significantly extend the vertical profiles of the densities derived from accelerometer data. These show complex structure and high variability, both dependent on season, local time, location, and lower atmosphere activity, including dust storms and wave propagation from a dynamic lower atmosphere. In particular, the terminators are a region of convoluted structure and high variability, which may be greatest in the postmidnight, predawn hours of the sol. This space‐time regime was not sampled by previous orbiters at Mars. While initial comparisons with thermospheric general circulation modes show broad areas of agreement, these terminator transition regions are not simulated well by current models. Judicious choice of the timing of these Deep Dip campaigns during the remaining MAVEN mission, as periapsis continues to precess through local time, latitude, and longitude in both hemispheres and in different seasons, should help clarify the processes at work in this complicated region.
Evolution of structure and permeability of normal faults with clay smear: Insights from water‐saturated sandbox models and numerical simulations
Authors: Kettermann Michael , Urai Janos L. , Vrolijk Peter J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractClay smear is difficult to predict for subsurface flow applications and would benefit from an improved understanding of the processes controlling clay smear. We present water‐saturated sandbox experiments with large clay smear surfaces (~500 cm2) that couple cross‐fault fluid flow measurements with structural analysis of excavated clay smears. We compare measured flow data to numerical flow simulations to develop a tool to evaluate the evolving fault structure. Results show diagnostic relationships between fault structures and cross‐fault flow. In experiments with one or two clay layers and a cumulative thickness of 10 mm at 100 mm displacement, normally consolidated clay in a structural domain of graben faulting initially yields hybrid brittle/ductile failure with early breaching of the clay layer and increased cross‐fault flux. This is followed by fault backstepping, formation of clay smears, and reworking of clay fragments within the fault. Early formed holes remain open during the evolution of the faults. Fault zones are segmented by fault lenses, breached relays, and clay smears in which sand and clay mix by deformation. Experiments with two clay layers show that holes rarely form at the same position on the fault plane, producing a layered sand‐clay fault rock with greater flow path tortuosity and lower permeability than in one‐layer experiments. We compare our results with observations of faults in nature and discuss progress toward models with sufficient detail and understanding to allow prediction of flow across evolving faults, first in laboratory models and then in the subsurface.
Semidiurnal internal tide energy fluxes and their variability in a Global Ocean Model and moored observations
Authors: Ansong Joseph K. , Arbic Brian K. , Alford Matthew H. , Buijsman Maarten C. , Shriver Jay F. , Zhao Zhongxiang , Richman James G. , Simmons Harper L. , Timko Patrick G. , Wallcraft Alan J. , Zamudio Luis 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe examine the temporal means and variability of the semidiurnal internal tide energy fluxes in 1/25° global simulations of the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) and in a global archive of 79 historical moorings. Low‐frequency flows, a major cause of internal tide variability, have comparable kinetic energies at the mooring sites in model and observations. The computed root‐mean‐square (RMS) variability of the energy flux is large in both model and observations and correlates positively with the time‐averaged flux magnitude. Outside of strong generation regions, the normalized RMS variability (the RMS variability divided by the mean) is nearly independent of the flux magnitudes in the model, and of order 23% or more in both the model and observations. The spatially averaged flux magnitudes in observations and the simulation agree to within a factor of about 1.4 and 2.4 for vertical mode‐1 and mode‐2, respectively. The difference in energy flux computed from the full‐depth model output versus model output subsampled at mooring instrument depths is small. The global historical archive is supplemented with six high‐vertical resolution moorings from the Internal Waves Across the Pacific (IWAP) experiment. The model fluxes agree more closely with the high‐resolution IWAP fluxes than with the historical mooring fluxes. The high variability in internal tide energy fluxes implies that internal tide fluxes computed from short observational records should be regarded as realizations of a highly variable field, not as “means” that are indicative of conditions at the measurement sites over all time.
High‐resolution projections of 21st century climate over the Athabasca River Basin through an integrated evaluation‐classification‐downscaling‐based climate projection framework
Authors: Cheng Guanhui , Huang Guohe , Dong Cong , Zhu Jinxin , Zhou Xiong , Yao Y. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn evaluation‐classification‐downscaling‐based climate projection (ECDoCP) framework is developed to fill a methodological gap of general circulation models (GCMs)‐driven statistical‐downscaling‐based climate projections. ECDoCP includes four interconnected modules: GCM evaluation, climate classification, statistical downscaling, and climate projection. Monthly averages of daily minimum (Tmin) and maximum (Tmax) temperature and daily cumulative precipitation (Prec) over the Athabasca River Basin (ARB) at a 10 km resolution in the 21st century under four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) are projected through ECDoCP. At the octodecadal scale, temperature and precipitation would increase; after bias correction, temperature would increase with a decreased increment, while precipitation would increase only under RCP 8.5. Interannual variability of climate anomalies would increase from RCPs 4.5, 2.6, 6.0 to 8.5 for temperature and from RCPs 2.6, 4.5, 6.0 to 8.5 for precipitation. Bidecadal averaged climate anomalies would decrease from December‐January‐February (DJF), March‐April‐May (MAM), September‐October‐November (SON) to June‐July‐August (JJA) for Tmin, from DJF, SON, MAM to JJA for Tmax, and from JJA, MAM, SON to DJF for Prec. Climate projection uncertainties would decrease in May to September for temperature and in November to April for precipitation. Spatial climatic variability would not obviously change with RCPs; climatic anomalies are highly correlated with climate‐variable magnitudes. Climate anomalies would decrease from upstream to downstream for temperature, and precipitation would follow an opposite pattern. The north end and the other zones would have colder and warmer days, respectively; precipitation would decrease in the upstream and increase in the remaining region. Climate changes might lead to issues, e.g., accelerated glacier/snow melting, deserving attentions of researchers and the public.
Development of a self‐consistent lightning NOx simulation in large‐scale 3‐D models
Authors: Luo Chao , Wang Yuhang , Koshak William J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe seek to develop a self‐consistent representation of lightning NOx (LNOx) simulation in a large‐scale 3‐D model. Lightning flash rates are parameterized functions of meteorological variables related to convection. We examine a suite of such variables and find that convective available potential energy and cloud top height give the best estimates compared to July 2010 observations from ground‐based lightning observation networks. Previous models often use lightning NOx vertical profiles derived from cloud‐resolving model simulations. An implicit assumption of such an approach is that the postconvection lightning NOx vertical distribution is the same for all deep convection, regardless of geographic location, time of year, or meteorological environment. Detailed observations of the lightning channel segment altitude distribution derived from the NASA Lightning Nitrogen Oxides Model can be used to obtain the LNOx emission profile. Coupling such a profile with model convective transport leads to a more self‐consistent lightning distribution compared to using prescribed postconvection profiles. We find that convective redistribution appears to be a more important factor than preconvection LNOx profile selection, providing another reason for linking the strength of convective transport to LNOx distribution.
Source characterization of volatile organic compounds in the Colorado Northern Front Range Metropolitan Area during spring and summer 2015
Authors: Abeleira A. , Pollack I. B. , Sive B. , Zhou Y. , Fischer E. V. , Farmer D. K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHourly measurements of 46 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory in Erie, CO, were collected over 16 weeks in spring and summer 2015. Average VOC reactivity (1.2 s−1 in spring and 2.4 s−1 in summer) was lower than most other U.S. urban sites. Positive matrix factorization analysis identified five VOC factors in the spring, corresponding to sources from (1) long‐lived oil and natural gas (ONG‐long lived), (2) short‐lived oil and natural gas (ONG‐short lived), (3) traffic, (4) background, and (5) secondary chemical production. In the summer, an additional biogenic factor was dominated by isoprene. While ONG‐related VOCs were the single largest contributor (40–60%) to the calculated VOC reactivity with hydroxyl radicals (OH) throughout the morning in both spring and summer, the biogenic factor substantially enhanced afternoon and evening (2–10 P.M. local time) VOC reactivity (average of 21%; maxima of 49% of VOC reactivity) during summertime. These results contrast with a previous summer 2012 campaign which showed that biogenics contributed only 8% of VOC reactivity on average. The interannual differences suggest that the role of biogenic VOCs in the Colorado Northern Front Range Metropolitan Area (NFRMA) varies with environmental conditions such as drought stress. Overall, the NFRMA was more strongly influenced by ONG sources of VOCs than other urban and suburban regions in the U.S.
Nonresponse in Sample Surveys
Authors: Andridge Rebecca , Lemeshow Stanley 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Sample surveys are designed to efficiently and accurately estimate population parameters. For such estimates to be unbiased, sample subjects must be carefully selected and appropriately weighted. In addition, features of the sample design, such as stratification and clustering, must be accounted for in the estimation process. Nonresponse is present in all sample surveys and dealing with this failure to obtain data for all sampled subjects is vitally important to the ability of the survey to produce valid results. This article addresses the issue of nonresponse in sample surveys, quantifying bias in the face of nonresponse, and briefly discussing methods for dealing with nonresponse.
A
randa‐
O
rdaz,
F
rancisco
J
.
Authors: Grajales Carlos A. G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Francisco Aranda‐Ordaz was a Mexican statistician, who died tragically in 1991. He studied in Mexico City and collaborated with Sir David Cox for his PhD thesis, entitled “On two families of transformations to additivity for binary response data,” in which he proved that the linear and logistic transformations of probabilities are special cases of a common family of transformations. Besides his contributions to generalized linear models, he also published on topics such as Proportional Hazards Models and applying statistical methods in many different fields such as pathology, neurology, and epidemiology. He was an editor in many different publications not only in Mexico but also in different nations, as he was always devoted to promoting statistical knowledge in Latin America.
The Well‐Being of Nations
Authors: Allin Paul 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
By 2015, there was universal commitment to developing broader measures of progress to complement gross domestic product (GDP). Such measures seek to capture the well‐being of a nation beyond how its market economy and public services are performing. There is a history of calls for such wider measures and of their production, including social indicators and sustainable development indicators. However, these have not yet been widely used in policy or in public discourse. There can be no single definition of the well‐being of a nation: rather, pragmatic definitions are required, which simultaneously define what is being measured and describe how to measure it. An example is the Measuring National Well‐being programme of the UK Office for National Statistics. The emphasis is on measuring what matters to people and the measurement framework includes subjective as well as objective indicators. How measures that go beyond GDP are to be used in policy, business, and everyday life is still evolving.
Rational Decision Making
Authors: Herrmann Jeffrey W. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Rational decision making requires executing an appropriate decision‐making process to select the best alternative. This can be challenging when information is uncertain or when time is limited. This article describes three important perspectives on decision making: (i) the problem‐solving perspective, (ii) the decision‐making process perspective, and (iii) the decision‐making system perspective. This article describes important concepts from these three perspectives, including rationality, multicriteria decision making, group decision making, decision making under uncertainty, game theory, contexts for decision making, decision‐making processes, and techniques for modeling and improving decision‐making systems. Understanding and applying these concepts can improve decision making. The article will first consider the challenge of selecting the best alternative, which is the problem‐solving perspective. Then, the article will discuss the decision‐making process perspective: how people make decisions. Finally, the article will describe decisions from the decision‐making system perspective by considering the decision‐making behaviors and information flow within organizations and how to improve those decision‐making systems. This article also provides numerous references to sources that provide additional details about rational decision making.
People choose to run at their optimal speed
Authors: Rathkey Joseph K. , Wall‐Scheffler Cara M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this article is to test whether people choose to behave in a manner that reduces the amount of energy they use to travel a given distance. While this has been shown consistently for walking, it has never been tested with human running.Materials and MethodsWe collected energetic data and lower limb anthropometrics on nine men running at six different running speeds. We collected on all six speeds on 3 different days and took the average of the energetic values for each speed. On each day we also asked the participants to choose the speed at which they could comfortably run for an hour, and we took the average of these preferred speeds. We then fit a 2nd order polynomial to the energetic data and compared the speed at which the minimum cost of transport (SpMinCoT) occurred with their preferred running speed.ResultsAll participants showed a curvilinear relationship between speed and their cost of transport (CoT). Additionally, the preferred speed was not significantly different than the speed at the minCoT (p = 0.215), and the best fit line between the minCoT and the CoT at the preferred speed was y = x (R2 = 0.994).DiscussionHumans are able to preferentially identify the speed which minimizes energy expenditure during running, as well as in walking. Over long distances, energy conservation during running would be particularly crucial so further investigations should focus on the mechanisms by which people are able to detect their ‘optimal’ running speeds.
Enzyme‐Initiated Free‐Radical Polymerization of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanogels on a Solid Phase with an Immobilized Radical Source
Authors: Daoud Attieh Mira , Zhao Yi , Elkak Assem , Falcimaigne‐Cordin Aude , Haupt Karsten 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn enzyme‐mediated synthetic approach is described for the preparation of molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles (MIP‐NPs) in aqueous media. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was used to initiate the polymerization of methacrylate or vinyl monomers and cross‐linkers by catalyzing the generation of free radicals. To prevent entrapment of the enzyme in the cross‐linked polymer, and to enable it to be reused, HRP was immobilized on a solid support. MIPs based on 4‐vinylpyridine and 1,4‐bis(acryloyl)piperazine for the recognition of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) and salicylic acid were synthesized in an aqueous medium. MIPs for the protein trypsin were also synthesized. MIP nanoparticles with sizes between 50 and 300 nm were obtained with good binding properties, a good imprinting effect, and high selectivity for the target molecule. The reusability of immobilized HRP for MIP synthesis was shown for several batches.
Synthesis of Enantiopure C3‐Symmetric Triangular Molecules
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Nakamuro Takayuki , Stewart Scott G. , Nagata Yuuya , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn asymmetric synthesis of C3‐symmetric triangular macrocycles is reported. 1‐Methylsulfonyl‐4‐(4‐vinylphenyl)‐1,2,3‐triazole undergoes a rhodium(II)‐catalyzed cyclotrimerization to establish an enantiopure C3‐symmetric triangular macrocycle motif. This method can be applied to the synthesis of an enantiopure hydrocarbon, which owes its chirality to asymmetric distribution of H/D atoms on the benzene rings.
Oxygen Activated, Palladium Nanoparticle Catalyzed, Ultrafast Cross‐Coupling of Organolithium Reagents
Authors: Heijnen Dorus , Tosi Filippo , Vila Carlos , Stuart Marc C. A. , Elsinga Philip H. , Szymanski Wiktor , Feringa Ben L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe discovery of an ultrafast cross‐coupling of alkyl‐ and aryllithium reagents with a range of aryl bromides is presented. The essential role of molecular oxygen to form the active palladium catalyst was established; palladium nanoparticles that are highly active in cross‐coupling reactions with reaction times ranging from 5 s to 5 min are thus generated in situ. High selectivities were observed for a range of heterocycles and functional groups as well as for an expanded scope of organolithium reagents. The applicability of this method was showcased by the synthesis of the [11C]‐labeled PET tracer celecoxib.