bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Results for Expectant Management of Ultrasonographically Diagnosed Benign Ovarian Teratomas
Authors: Pascual M. Angela , Graupera Betlem , Pedrero Cristina , Rodriguez Ignacio , Ajossa Silvia , Guerriero Stefano , Alcázar Juan Luis 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the natural history of ultrasonographically diagnosed benign ovarian teratomas in asymptomatic women.

METHODS:
We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of 408 women (mean age 36.6 years, range 14–81 years) diagnosed as having an ovarian teratoma by transvaginal ultrasonography (except eight who only had a transabdominal study done) between January 2003 and December 2013 at a single tertiary care institution. Six hundred thirteen women were diagnosed with ovarian teratoma of whom 205 were promptly treated surgically, leaving 408 patients followed conservatively with follow-up scans at 3 and 6 months from diagnosis and then yearly. The ultrasonographic diagnosis of a benign ovarian teratoma required at least one of the following features: a cystic mass with mixed echogenicity, thick band-like echoes, a fat–fluid level, or echogenic tubercle with posterior shadowing. Clinical, ultrasonographic, and histologic data (in case of surgery) were retrieved for analysis.

RESULTS:
During follow-up, 130 of 408 (31.8%) women underwent surgery. The main reason for surgery was the physician's recommendation according to our protocol (n=115). One patient had adnexal torsion. Most surgeries (112/130 [86.2%]) were performed within the first 5 years after diagnosis. The remainder (278/408) is still being followed (median time 45.6 months, range 6–147 months). The vast majority of these lesions had no change and women remain asymptomatic. Histologic diagnosis of tumors removed surgically revealed a benign ovarian teratoma in 103 of 130 (79.2%) of the women. There were two borderline tumors, four endometriomas, three fibromas, seven serous cysts, two mucinous cysts, two stroma ovarii, seven other benign, and no case of malignant tumor.

CONCLUSION:
Our results demonstrate that expectant management might be a reasonable option for managing asymptomatic women who receive a ultrasonographic diagnosis of a benign ovarian teratoma. The risk of undergoing surgery for this lesion decreases significantly after 5 years to follow-up. With careful observation, the risk of missing a diagnosis of malignancy is low.
Transfusion Preparedness Strategies for Obstetric Hemorrhage
Authors: Einerson Brett D. , Stehlikova Zuzana , Nelson Richard E. , Bellows Brandon K. , Kawamoto Kensaku , Clark Erin A. S. 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of common obstetric transfusion preparedness strategies to prevent emergency-release transfusions.

METHODS:
A decision analytic model compared five commonly used transfusion preparedness strategies in a general obstetric population. Patients were classified as being at low, moderate, or high risk for transfusion. The most prepared strategy used a policy of universal type and screen plus crossmatch for high-risk patients. Other strategies used universal type and screen only, universal hold clot plus crossmatch for high-risk patients, selective type and screen only in high-risk patients, or no routine admission testing. Strategies were compared using transfusion-related cost and probability estimates derived from patient-level data and from the published literature. The primary outcome was incremental cost per emergency-release transfusion prevented. A strategy was considered cost-effective if the cost was less than $1,500 per emergency-release transfusion avoided as determined by expert consensus. Emergency-release transfusion included universal donor or type-specific packed red cells that are not crossmatched to the recipient. Along with the base-case analyses, we also conducted one- and two-way sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses using second-order Monte Carlo simulation. Variability in the willingness-to-pay threshold was explored in a cost-effectiveness acceptability analysis. The model was conducted from a hospital perspective.

RESULTS:
In the base-case analysis, the strategy of universal type and screen with crossmatch for high-risk patients yielded an incremental cost of $115,541 per emergency-release transfusion prevented compared with a strategy of universal hold clot. The universal hold clot strategy yielded a cost of $2,878 per emergency-release transfusion prevented compared with a strategy of no routine admission testing. Strategies using universal type and screen were cost-effective in zero of the 10,000 simulations at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $1,500 per emergency-release transfusion prevented. Even at willingness to pay greater than $10,000 to prevent an emergency-release transfusion, universal type and screen strategies were not cost-effective.

CONCLUSION:
Transfusion preparedness with universal type and screen is not cost-effective in a general obstetric population across a wide range of assumptions and variable ranges.
NONHEREDITARY IDIOPATHIC FOVEAL RETINOSCHISIS ASSOCIATED WITH NEW-ONSET PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Amram Alec L. , Kellogg Clint , Elkeeb Ahmed 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To present a case of idiopathic foveal retinoschisis in a patient with new-onset proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Methods:
Single case report.

Results:
A 64-year-old African American man with Type 2 diabetes mellitus presented for a routine annual diabetic eye examination with mildly blurred vision at near and distance in the right eye. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated optic nerve leakage consistent with neovascularization of the disk but no leakage on or around the macula in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated peripapillary macular retinoschisis within the outer plexiform layer without optic disk pit, epiretinal membrane, or diabetic tractional membrane. He underwent pan-retinal photocoagulation in the right eye; his acuity and schisis remained unchanged at 6-month follow-up.

Conclusion:
This is the first reported case of idiopathic acquired macular schisis with new-onset nontractional proliferative diabetic retinopathy in the same eye.
MACULAR HOLE FORMATION AFTER PARS PLANA VITRECTOMY FOR PRIMARY VITREORETINAL LYMPHOMA
Authors: Haruta Masatoshi , Taguchi Chikako , Yamakawa Ryoji 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
To report a case of primary vitreoretinal lymphoma in which a macular hole developed after a diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy.

Methods:
A retrospective interventional case report.

Results:
A 65-year-old woman presented with worsening vision in the left eye. Fundus examination showed vitreous haze and multifocal, yellow-white infiltrates in the retina and under the retinal pigment epithelium in the left eye. She underwent a diagnostic pars plana vitrectomy in that eye. Undiluted vitreous specimen showed an increased interleukin-10 level (1,470 pg/mL) with an elevated interleukin-10 to interleukin-6 ratio of 15.1; cytologic analysis of the vitreous showed atypical lymphoid cells with large irregular nuclei and scanty cytoplasm. The retinal and sub-retinal pigment epithelial infiltrates responded well to intravitreal methotrexate injections, but a macular hole developed in the left eye. The second pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and 20% sulfur hexafluoride gas tamponade successfully closed the macular hole.

Conclusion:
Macular hole closure can be accomplished in eyes receiving intravitreal methotrexate injections for treating primary vitreoretinal lymphoma.
Safety and Efficacy of Reslizumab for Children and Adolescents With Eosinophilic Esophagitis Treated for 9 Years
Authors: Markowitz Jonathan E. , Jobe Laura , Miller Michelle , Frost Carrie , Laney Zegilor , Eke Ransome 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTBackground:Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease characterized by infiltration of eosinophils in the esophageal epithelium. There are limited treatment options for EoE. The rationale of the study was to evaluate the long‐term safety and efficacy of reslizumab (RSZ) in pediatric patients who received RSZ in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and expanded access program.Methods:Records of patients who received RSZ in our center were reviewed. Patients received RSZ 2 mg/kg (or placebo) every 4 weeks as part of the RCT, open‐label extension (OLE), and compassionate use (CU). Data were analyzed as of their most recent evaluation in August 2017. Labwork, history, and examinations were conducted every 12 weeks. Biopsy results were compared from baseline (before RCT) and at the most recent evaluation. Adverse events (AE) were recorded.Results:Twelve patients entered the RCT at our center; 6 patients completed the OLE and 4 received RSZ through CU. Between the RCT, OLE, and CU periods, patients received 549 doses of RSZ (median 37, range 2–116). No serious AE were attributed to RSZ. Symptoms improved on treatment: dysphagia (42% vs 0%), abdominal pain (58% vs 0%), heartburn (18% vs 0%), vomiting (67% vs. 17%), reflux (58% vs. 0%). Median esophageal eosinophil count improved (35 eosinophils per high‐power field vs 3, P < 0.001). Patients receiving RSZ maintain a relatively unrestricted diet.Conclusions:RSZ appears to be safe in children with EoE over 9 years of treatment experience. Symptoms and eosinophil count improved considerably during treatment with RSZ despite a relatively unrestricted diet.
Hepatic Parenchymal Injury in Crigler‐Najjar Type I
Authors: Mitchell Ellen , Ranganathan Sarangarajan , McKiernan Patrick , Squires Robert H. , Strauss Kevin , Soltys Kyle , Mazariegos George , Squires James E. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTBackground:Crigler‐Najjar syndrome type I (CNI) arises from biallelic variants of UGT1A1 that abrogate uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) activity resulting in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Historically, liver parenchyma in CNI was considered structurally and histologically normal. Recent review of CNI liver explants revealed fibrosis. Our aim was to investigate the association between hepatic histology and disease phenotype in CNI.Methods:We extracted data from the medical record at the time of liver transplant from 22 patients with CNI at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and reviewed explant histology. Continuous data were normally distributed, are presented as mean (±1 SD), and analyzed using two‐tailed Student t‐test. Categorical data were analyzed using the Chi‐square test.Results:Both alanine transaminase (ALT; mean 87.4 IU/L) and aspartate transaminase (AST; mean 54.6 IU/L) were elevated. Nine (41%) of 22 explants had significant fibrosis. Pericentral (n = 5), periportal (n = 2), and mixed (n = 2) patterns of fibrosis occurred. A significant difference in mean age of subjects with fibrotic versus non‐fibrotic livers (16.1 years vs 10.5 years; P = 0.02) was seen. There were no indices of synthetic liver dysfunction or portal hypertension. Neither a history of gallstone disease nor excess weight appeared to contribute to the development of fibrosis.Conclusions:For the first time, we report a 41% prevalence of clinically silent, yet histologically significant fibrosis among subjects with Crigler‐Najjar type 1. Risk for fibrosis appears to accrue with time, indicating that earlier intervention may be prudent whenever considering alternative treatments such as hepatocyte transplant, auxiliary liver transplant, or viral gene therapy.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Prostate
Authors: Alabed Yazan Z. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
A 49-year-old man presented for routine general physical examination was found with an enlarged prostate gland without associated symptoms. Ultrasound followed by computed tomography (CT) of abdomen and pelvis confirmed a markedly enlarged heterogeneous prostate gland. Subsequently, a staging flourine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET/CT) scan revealed intensely FDG-avid mass involving the prostate, which was biopsied as gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). The patient was treated with imatinib and a follow-up PET/CT scan showed complete metabolic response. 18F-FDG PET/CT scan is useful in staging and follow-up of this very rare extragastrointestinal stromal tumor (EGIST).
Spontaneous eye blink rate and dopamine synthesis capacity: Preliminary evidence for an absence of positive correlation
Authors: Sescousse Guillaume , Ligneul Romain , van Holst Ruth J. , Janssen Lieneke K. , de Boer Femke , Janssen Marcel , Berry Anne S. , Jagust William J. , Cools Roshan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDopamine is central to a number of cognitive functions and brain disorders. Given the cost of neurochemical imaging in humans, behavioral proxy measures of dopamine have gained in popularity in the past decade, such as spontaneous eye blink rate (sEBR). Increased sEBR is commonly associated with increased dopamine function based on pharmacological evidence and patient studies. Yet, this hypothesis has not been validated using in vivo measures of dopamine function in humans. In order to fill this gap, we measured sEBR and striatal dopamine synthesis capacity using [18F]DOPA PET in 20 participants (9 healthy individuals and 11 pathological gamblers). Our results, based on frequentist and Bayesian statistics, as well as region-of-interest and voxel-wise analyses, argue against a positive relationship between sEBR and striatal dopamine synthesis capacity. They show that, if anything, the evidence is in favor of a negative relationship. These results, which complement findings from a recent study that failed to observe a relationship between sEBR and dopamine D2 receptor availability, suggest that caution and nuance are warranted when interpreting sEBR in terms of a proxy measure of striatal dopamine.
Viral hijacking of the nucleolar DNA-damage response machinery: a novel mechanism to regulate host cell biology
Authors: Rawlinson Stephen M. , Zhao Tianyue , Rozario Ashley M. , Rootes Christina L. , McMillan Paul J. , Purcell Anthony W. , Woon Amanda , Marsh Glenn A. , Lieu Kim G. , Wang Lin-Fa , Netter Hans J. , Bell Toby D. , Stewart Cameron R. , Moseley Gregory W. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTRecent landmark studies indicate that nucleoli play critical roles in the DNA-damage response (DDR) via interaction of DDR machinery including NBS1 with nucleolar Treacle protein, a key mediator of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription and processing, implicated in Treacher-Collins syndrome. Here, using proteomics, confocal/super-resolution imaging, and infection under BSL-4 containment, we present the first report that this nucleolar DDR pathway is targeted by infectious pathogens. We find that Treacle has antiviral activity, but that matrix protein of Henipaviruses and P3 protein of rabies virus, highly pathogenic viruses of the order Mononegavirales, interact with Treacle and inhibit its function, thereby silencing rRNA biogenesis, consistent with mimicking NBS1-Treacle interaction during a DDR. These data identify a novel mechanism for viral modulation of host cells by appropriating the nucleolar DDR; this appears to have developed independently in different viruses, and represents, to our knowledge, the first direct intra-nucleolar function for proteins of any mononegavirus.
Genetic dissection of an ancient divergence in yeast thermotolerance
Authors: Weiss Carly V. , Roop Jeremy I. , Hackley Rylee K. , Chuong Julie , Grigoriev Igor V. , Arkin Adam P. , Skerker Jeffrey M. , Brem Rachel B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSome of the most unique and compelling survival strategies in the natural world are fixed in isolated species. To date, molecular insight into these ancient adaptations has been limited, as classic experimental genetics has focused on interfertile individuals in populations. Here we use a new mapping approach, which screens mutants in a sterile interspecific hybrid, to identify eight housekeeping genes that underlie the growth advantage ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeover its distant relativeS. paradoxusat high temperature. Pro-thermotolerance alleles at these mapped loci were required for the adaptive trait inS. cerevisiaeand sufficient for its partial reconstruction inS. paradoxus. The emerging picture is one in whichS. cerevisiaeimproved the heat resistance of multiple components of the fundamental growth machinery in response to selective pressure. This study lays the groundwork for the mapping of genotype to phenotype in clades of sister species across Eukarya.
GDF15 Concentrations in Maternal Serum Associated with Vomiting in Pregnancy: the Cambridge Baby Growth Study
Authors: Petry Clive J. , Ong Ken K. , Burling Keith A. , Barker Peter , Perry John R.B. , Acerini Carlo L. , Hughes Ieuan A. , Dunger David B. , O’Rahilly Stephen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNausea and vomiting in pregnancy (NVP) affects 70-90% of all pregnant women but its pathogenesis is unknown. Growth and Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15), secreted from the trophoblast and decidual stromal cells, is present at high levels in the blood of pregnant women. The receptor for GDF15 has recently been identified and is specifically expressed in the hindbrain where it transmits aversive signals including nausea and conditioned taste aversion. We explored the relationship between GDF15 concentrations in maternal serum during pregnancy and self-reported NVP. In a study of 791 women from the Cambridge Baby Growth Study maternal GDF15 concentrations were higher in women who reported vomiting in the 2nd trimester (geometric mean: 11,670 pg/mL; 95% confidence interval: 11,056-12,318) and were even higher in the eleven women who reported taking anti-emetics during pregnancy (13,376 (10,821-16,535) compared to those who reported no nausea or vomiting during pregnancy (10,657 (10,121-11,222); P=0.02 and P=0.04, respectively, adjusted for gestational age at sampling and maternal BMI). In conclusion serum GDF15 concentrations early in the second trimester of pregnancy are significantly and positively associated with second trimester vomiting and with maternal anti-emetic use. In the context of the recently revealed biology of GDF15 this data suggests that antagonism of GDF15 may have some potential for therapeutic benefit in NVP.
Replay of large-scale spatio-temporal patterns from waking during subsequent slow-wave sleep in human cortex
Authors: Jiang Xi , Shamie Isaac , Doyle Werner , Friedman Daniel , Dugan Patricia , Devinsky Orrin , Eskandar Emad , Cash Sydney S. , Thesen Thomas , Halgren Eric 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAnimal studies support the hypothesis that in slow-wave sleep, replay of waking neocortical activity under hippocampal guidance leads to memory consolidation. However, no intracranial electrophysiological evidence for replay exists in humans. We identified consistent sequences of population firing peaks across widespread cortical regions during complete waking periods. The occurrence of these Motifs were compared between sleeps preceding the waking period (Sleep-Pre) when the Motifs were identified, and those following (Sleep-Post). In all subjects, the majority of waking Motifs (most of which were novel) had more matches in Sleep-Post than in Sleep-Pre. In rodents, hippocampal replay occurs during local sharp-wave ripples, and the associated neocortical replay tends to occur during local sleep spindles and down-to-up transitions. These waves may facilitate consolidation by sequencing cell-firing and encouraging plasticity. Similarly, we found that Motifs were coupled to neocortical spindles, down-to-up transitions, theta bursts, and hippocampal sharp-wave ripples. While Motifs occurring during cognitive task performance were more likely to have more matches in subsequent sleep, our studies provide no direct demonstration that the replay of Motifs contributes to consolidation. Nonetheless, these results confirm a core prediction of the dominant neurobiological theory of human memory consolidation.
The association between theHLA-DRB1shared epitope alleles and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis is influenced by massive gene-gene interactions
Authors: Diaz-Gallo Lina-Marcela , Ramsköld Daniel , Shchetynsky Klementy , Folkersen Lasse , Chemin Karine , Brynedal Boel , Uebe Steffen , Okada Yukinori , Alfredsson Lars , Klareskog Lars , Padyukov Leonid 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn anti-citrullinated protein antibody positive rheumatoid arthritis (ACPA-positive RA), a particular subset ofHLA-DRB1alleles, called shared epitope alleles (SE), is the highest genetic risk factor. Here, we aimed to investigate whether gene-gene interactions influence thisHLA-DRB1related major disease risk; specifically, we set out to test if non-HLA SNPs, conferring low diseases risk on their own, can modulate theHLA-DRB1SE effect to develop ACPA-positive RA.To address this question, we computed the attributable proportion (AP) due to additive interaction at genome-wide level for two independent ACPA-positive RA cohorts: the Swedish EIRA and the North American NARAC. We found a strong enrichment of significant interactions (AP p-values<0.05) between theHLA-DRB1SE alleles and a group of SNPs associated with ACPA-positive RA in both cohorts (Kolmogorov-Smirnov [KS] test D=0.35 for EIRA and D=0.25 for NARAC, p<2.2e-16 for both). Interestingly, 201 out of 1,492 SNPs in consistent interaction for both cohorts, were eQTLs in SE alleles context in PBMCs from ACPA-positive RA patients. Finally, we observed that the effect size ofHLA-DRB1SE alleles for disease decreases from 5.2 to 2.5 after discounting the risk alleles of the two top interacting SNPs (rs2476601 and rs10739581, AP FDR corrected p <0.05).Our data demonstrate that the association between theHLA-DRB1SE alleles and the risk of ACPA-positive RA is modulated by massive genetic interactions with non-HLA genetic variants.
GMSE: an R package for generalised management strategy evaluation
Authors: Duthie A. Bradley , Cusack Jeremy J. , Jones Isabel L. , Minderman Jeroen , Nilsen Erlend B. , Pozo Rocío A. , Rakotonarivo O. Sarobidy , Moorter Bram Van , Bunnefeld Nils 
Published: November 2017

AbstractManagement strategy evaluation (MSE) is a powerful tool for simulating all key aspects of natural resource management under conditions of uncertainty.We present the R package GMSE, which applies genetic algorithms to provide a generalised tool for simulating adaptive decision-making management scenarios between stakeholders with competing objectives under complex social-ecological interactions and uncertainty.GMSE models can be agent-based and spatially explicit, incorporating a high degree of realism through mechanistic modelling of links and feedbacks among stakeholders and with the ecosystem; additionally, user-defined sub-models can also be incorporated as functions into the broader GMSE framework.We show how GMSE simulates a social-ecological system using the example of an adaptively managed waterfowl population on an agricultural landscape; simulated waterfowl exploit agricultural land, causing conflict between conservation interests and the interest of food producers maximising their crop yield.The R package GMSE is open source under GNU Public License; source code and documents are freely available on GitHub.