bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
mRNA localization as a rheostat to regulate subcellular gene expression
Authors: Kejiou Nevraj S. , Palazzo Alexander F. 
Published: January 2017

It is currently believed that certain messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are localized to distinct subcellular regions to efficiently target their encoded proteins. However, this simplistic model does not explain why in certain scenarios mRNA localization is dispensable for proper protein distribution. In other cases, mRNA localization is accompanied by translational silencing and degradation by the localization machinery. Here we propose that in certain scenarios mRNAs are localized so that they can either be stabilized and translated, or silenced and degraded, in response to the needs of the subcellular locale. In these cases, the localized mRNA, and its cadre of associated factors, act as a rheostat that regulates protein production and/or mRNA stability in response to the needs of its immediate subcellular environment. WIREs RNA 2017, 8:e1416. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1416This article is categorized under:

Translation > Translation Regulation
RNA Export and Localization > RNA Localization
RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Turnover/Surveillance Mechanisms
Improvement of the ammonia assimilation for enhancing l-arginine production of Corynebacterium crenatum
Authors: Guo Jing , Man Zaiwei , Rao Zhiming , Xu Meijuan , Yang Taowei , Zhang Xian , Xu Zhenghong 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
There are four nitrogen atoms in l-arginine molecule and the nitrogen content is 32.1%. By now, metabolic engineering for l-arginine production strain improvement was focused on carbon flux optimization. In previous work, we obtained an l-arginine-producing Corynebacterium crenatum SDNN403 (ARG) through screening and mutation breeding. In this paper, a strain engineering strategy focusing on nitrogen supply and ammonium assimilation for l-arginine production was performed. Firstly, the effects of nitrogen atom donor (l-glutamate, l-glutamine and l-aspartate) addition on l-arginine production of ARG were studied, and the addition of l-glutamine and l-aspartate was beneficial for l-arginine production. Then, the glutamine synthetase gene glnA and aspartase gene aspA from E. coli were overexpressed in ARG for increasing the l-glutamine and l-aspartate synthesis, and the l-arginine production was effectively increased. In addition, the l-glutamate supply re-emerged as a limiting factor for l-arginine biosynthesis. Finally, the glutamate dehydrogenase gene gdh was co-overexpressed for further enhancement of l-arginine production. The final strain could produce 53.2 g l−1 of l-arginine, which was increased by 41.5% compared to ARG in fed-batch fermentation.
Personalisierte Medizin bei soliden Tumoren
Authors: Kast Karin , Arnold Norbert 
Published: January 2017

ZusammenfassungEin personalisierter Therapieansatz wird in der Behandlung solider Tumore seit Entdeckung der Hormonabhängigkeit von Mammakarzinomen verfolgt. Die verbesserten technischen Möglichkeiten, einen Tumor über die Organzugehörigkeit und den histopathologischen Befund hinaus zu charakterisieren, bringen neue Therapiemöglichkeiten hervor. Im Folgenden werden bereits existierende gezielte Therapieansätze und Resistenzmechanismen beschrieben. Neben einer Erläuterung der praktischen Anwendung der neuen Techniken wie Genexpressionsprofile und die Untersuchung von Tumormaterial auf somatische Mutationen in einer Vielzahl von Genen wird auch der neuen Entwicklung einer Therapie auf der Basis von Keimbahnmutationen in den GenenBRCA1undBRCA2mit dem PARP-Inhibitor Olaparib Rechnung getragen und ein Ausblick auf zukünftige Entwicklungen wie Liquid Biopsy erbracht.
Women and men farmer perceptions of economic and health benefits of orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) in Phalombe and Chikwawa districts in Malawi
Authors: Mudege Netsayi N. , Mayanja Sarah , Muzhingi Tawanda 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Based on a qualitative study conducted in Chikwawa and Phalombe in Malawi, this paper looks at farmers perceived economic, health and social benefits of production, commercialization and consumption of orange fleshed sweet potato (OFSP). Findings demonstrate that perceived health and economic benefits were key determinants in adoption of OFSP varieties. Men and women are receptive to health and nutrition based promotion messages. Health benefits included increased energy to work, for sex, improved health, general wellbeing and cognitive development for children. Economic benefits included ability to invest income from selling of OFSP roots and vines in housing, purchase of livestock, food, and land. Income from OFSP enabled farmers to diversify into other cash crops. Women also mentioned increasing self-esteem due to increased incomes since they no longer needed to ask for money from their husbands to buy household consumables. However, men and women did not have equal access to and control of economic benefits and therefore women could not invest in large assets like cattle, land and agriculture equipment which could contribute to food security and are important to moving out of poverty. Interventions to increase farmer incomes should be designed in ways that allow women to actively participate and benefit. Since livestock are a key investment option and also contribute to food security and diversification, options for making sweet potato based silage for animal feed would be an important intervention especially for vines that would otherwise go to waste due to lack of markets.
A Report of the Efforts of the Veterans Health Administration National Antimicrobial Stewardship Initiative
Authors: Kelly Allison A. , Jones Makoto M. , Echevarria Kelly L. , Kralovic Stephen M. , Samore Matthew H. , Goetz Matthew B. , Madaras-Kelly Karl J. , Simbartl Loretta A. , Morreale Anthony P. , Neuhauser Melinda M. , Roselle Gary A. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVETo detail the activities of the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Antimicrobial Stewardship Initiative and evaluate outcomes of the program.DESIGNObservational analysis.SETTINGThe VHA is a large integrated healthcare system serving approximately 6 million individuals annually at more than 140 medical facilities.METHODSUtilization of nationally developed resources, proportional distribution of antibiotics, changes in stewardship practices and patient safety measures were reported. In addition, inpatient antimicrobial use was evaluated before and after implementation of national stewardship activities.RESULTSNationally developed stewardship resources were well utilized, and many stewardship practices significantly increased, including development of written stewardship policies at 92% of facilities by 2015 (P<.05). While the proportional distribution of antibiotics did not change, inpatient antibiotic use significantly decreased after VHA Antimicrobial Stewardship Initiative activities began (P<.0001). A 12% decrease in antibiotic use was noted overall. The VHA has also noted significantly declining use of antimicrobials prescribed for resistant Gram-negative organisms, including carbapenems, as well as declining hospital readmission and mortality rates. Concurrently, the VHA reported decreasing rates of Clostridium difficile infection.CONCLUSIONSThe VHA National Antimicrobial Stewardship Initiative includes continuing education, disease-specific guidelines, and development of example policies in addition to other highly utilized resources. While no specific ideal level of antimicrobial utilization has been established, the VHA has shown that improving antimicrobial usage in a large healthcare system may be achieved through national guidance and resources with local implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:513–520
Media Framing and Partisan Identity: The Case of Immigration Coverage and White Macropartisanship
Authors: Abrajano Marisa A. , Hajnal Zoltan , Hassell Hans J. G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractLaboratory studies frequently find that framing changes individual issue positions. But few real-world studies have demonstrated framing induced shifts in aggregate political opinions, let alone political identities. One explanation for these divergent findings is that the competitive nature of most real-world political debates presents multiple frames that cancel each other out. We assess this proposition and the extent of real-world framing by focusing on the issue of immigration, which has been framed in largely negative terms by the media. Specifically, we assess the connection betweenNew York Timescoverage of immigration and aggregate white partisanship over the last three decades. We find that negative framing on immigration is associated with shifts toward the Republican Party—the Party linked with anti-immigrant positions. This suggests that under the right circumstances, framing can alter core political predispositions and shape the partisan balance of power.
Association between dietary fat intake and insulin resistance in Chinese child twins
Authors: Huang Tao , Beaty Terri , Li Ji , Liu Huijuan , Zhao Wei , Wang Youfa 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDietary fat intake is correlated with increased insulin resistance (IR). However, it is unknown whether gene–diet interaction modulates the association. This study estimated heritability of IR measures and the related genetic correlations with fat intake, and tested whether dietary fat intake modifies the genetic influence on type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related traits in Chinese child twins. We included 622 twins aged 7–15 years (n 311 pairs, 162 monozygotic (MZ), 149 dizygotic (DZ)) from south-eastern China. Dietary factors were measured using FFQ. Structural equation models were fit using Mx statistical package. The intra-class correlation coefficients for all traits related to T2D were higher for MZ twins than for DZ twins. Dietary fat and fasting serum insulin (additive genetic correlation (rA) 0·20; 95 % CI 0·08, 0·43), glucose (rA 0·12; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·40), homoeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (Homa-IR) (rA 0·22; 95 % CI 0·10, 0·50) and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (Quicki) (rA −0·22; 95 % CI −0·40, 0·04) showed strong genetic correlations. Heritabilities of dietary fat intake, fasting glucose and insulin were estimated to be 52, 70 and 70 %, respectively. More than 70 % of the phenotypic correlations between dietary fat and insulin, glucose, Homa-IR and the Quicki index appeared to be mediated by shared genetic influence. Dietary fat significantly modified additive genetic effects on these quantitative traits associated with T2D. Analysis of Chinese twins yielded high estimates of heritability of dietary fat intake and IR. Genetic factors appear to contribute to a high proportion of the variance for both insulin sensitivity and IR. Dietary fat intake modifies the genetic influence on blood levels of insulin and glucose, Homa-IR and the Quicki index.
Imperial but Not Colonial: Archival Truths, British India, and the Case of the “Naughty” Tibetans
Authors: McGranahan Carole 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhat truths are available in imperial archives for non-colonial subjects? Tibet was never colonized by the British, and yet was drawn into the British imperial domain in ways that impacted both political history and historiography. In the 1940s, Tibetan intellectual Rapga Pangdatsang based his Tibetan Improvement Party in Kalimpong, India where he soon ran afoul of colonial officials who thought he was a Chinese spy. By drawing on multiple archival, ethnographic, and historic sources, I show how the story of Rapga Pangdatsang and the first Tibetan political party enables a recalibrating of both Tibetan and British imperial history. It also opens up a consideration of empire beyond the colonial, and speaks more broadly to a consideration of the non-colonial as a thus-far overlooked aspect of empire.
Visas, Jokes, and Contraband: Citizenship and Sovereignty at the Mexico–U.S. Border
Authors: Yeh Rihan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article explores citizenship and sovereignty at the Mexico–U.S. border through jokes told about and around checkpoint encounters—most centrally, those staged at the main port of entry connecting Tijuana, Mexico, and San Diego, California. In Tijuana, I argue, U.S. state recognition validates the proper, middle-class citizenship of Mexicans resident in Mexico. Attitudes towards the United States, however, remain ambivalent. I begin by exploring the checkpoint jokes of drug-traffickers as represented in severalnarcocorridos(popular ballads about drug-trafficking). Though this music is disapproved of by most people invested in U.S. state recognition, I show next how middle-class jokes build on the trope of the trickster-trafficker to parry state interpellation. The jokes work as performative arguments where people begin to articulate the tensions that constitute citizenship and sovereignty at the border. Finally, I examine the consular interview for the U.S. Border Crossing Card, a key site knitting together U.S. and Mexican regimes of citizenship. Folk theories of how the interview works anticipate the jokes' bald thematization of duplicity, explaining why middle-class people would turn to jokes that frame them as traffickers. Understood in the context of the BCC interview, middle-class checkpoint jokes reveal Mexican citizenship as embedded in an international system organized not by principles of authentic identity, but by ambivalence, contradiction, and undecidability.
Sea level drop, palaeoenvironmental change and related biotic responses across Guadalupian–Lopingian boundary in southwest, North and Central Iran
Authors: AREFIFARD SAKINEH 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe Capitanian to Wuchiapingian deposits in Zagros (southwest Iran), Alborz (North Iran) and Central Iran display important information about the end-Guadalupian extinction. According to lithological characteristics in the studied sections, the Guadalupian–Lopingian boundary (G-LB) interval can be subdivided into three units: the Capitanian unit, the latest Capitanian unit or interval unit (i.e. deposits in the topmost portion of the Capitanian strata) and the Wuchiapingian unit. The G-LB horizon is set at the base of Wuchiapingian deposits based on the first appearance datum (FAD) of the Late Permian diagnostic small foraminifers. The Capitanian unit was deposited subtidally, but the latest Capitanian unit was in the intertidal zone. The Wuchiapingian unit shows the return of subtidal conditions. A remarkable subaerial exposure occurs at the top of the Ruteh Formation, in Alborz, which is a laterite/bauxite horizon followed by continental deposits. The overall facies change in the G-L boundary intervals in the sections under study indicates a sea level drop around the G-LB which was at its lowest level in the Ruteh section. The decline and elimination of shallow marine biota in the G-LB interval took place in two steps in the Zagros and Alborz sections and in one step in Central Iran. These are indicative of the appearance of the stressful environment during the late Capitanian shallowing trend before the G-LB. The sea level drop and regression in the late Capitanian can be considered the major causes of end-Guadalupian extinction in the Iranian sections, but in the Alborz area volcanic activity is another feasible cause of this crisis.
Revisiting Financial Services Sector Transparency through Whistleblowing: The Case of South Africa and Switzerland
Authors: Kawadza Herbert 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe recent global financial crisis has demonstrated the ineffectiveness of traditional regulation in averting financial crime. Consequently the supervision of financial institutions has been increasingly re-evaluated and such endeavours have resulted in the reregulation of the sector in many jurisdictions. This article argues that, much as these strategies can be said to be laudable, until they emphasize engagement with the people who work in those institutions through making it possible for them to report corporate misconduct, these legislative paradigms will not avail much. As such, this article argues for the increased use of insiders through whistleblowing as a mechanism to support the exposure of illegal activities. By comparing the whistleblowing approaches adopted in South Africa and Switzerland, this article attempts to contribute to the standardization of approaches that can be used to enhance global financial sector transparency and minimize financial crime.
Does having an Indigenous Political Party in Government make a Difference to Social Policy? The Māori Party in New Zealand
Authors: HUMPAGE LOUISE 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIndigenous Māori in New Zealand have had significant opportunities to influence mainstream politics and policy since 2008 when the Māori Party began negotiating supply and confidence agreements with the conservative National Party in return for progress on Māori Party initiatives. This article assesses whether the Māori Party has made a difference in social policy. It argues that the holistic, whole-family-focused Whānau Ora strategy and initiatives aiming to revitalise the Māori language are significant policy innovations that uniquely embed Māori cultural values and governance into mainstream policy frameworks. A Ministerial Committee on Poverty, established as a result of National-Māori Party negotiations, put Māori politicians at the decision-making table and led to some important housing and health initiatives but fewer gains are evident regarding income/employment policies that address the disproportionate material disadvantage of Māori. Ultimately, the Māori Party has provoked policy innovation and there is some evidence of improving Māori outcomes. But political constraints inhibit opportunities for significant and lasting recognition of indigenous rights and radically improved socio-economic outcomes in the social policy arena.
Autonomous multirobot excavation for lunar applications
Authors: Thangavelautham Jekanthan , Law Kenneth , Fu Terence , Abu El Samid Nader , Smith Alexander D. S. , D'Eleuterio Gabriele M. T. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYIn this paper, a control approach called Artificial Neural Tissue (ANT) is applied to multirobot excavation for lunar base preparation tasks including clearing landing pads and burying of habitat modules. We show for the first time, a team of autonomous robots excavating a terrain to match a given three-dimensional (3D) blueprint. Constructing mounds around landing pads will provide physical shielding from debris during launch/landing. Burying a human habitat modules under 0.5 m of lunar regolith is expected to provide both radiation shielding and maintain temperatures of −25 °C. This minimizes base life-support complexity and reduces launch mass. ANT is compelling for a lunar mission because it does not require a team of astronauts for excavation and it requires minimal supervision. The robot teams are shown to autonomously interpret blueprints, excavate and prepare sites for a lunar base. Because little pre-programmed knowledge is provided, the controllers discover creative techniques. ANT evolves techniques such as slot-dozing that would otherwise require excavation experts. This is critical in making an excavation mission feasible when it is prohibitively expensive to send astronauts. The controllers evolve elaborate negotiation behaviors to work in close quarters. These and other techniques such as concurrent evolution of the controller and team size are shown to tackle problem of antagonism, when too many robots interfere reducing the overall efficiency or worse, resulting in gridlock. Although many challenges remain with this technology, our work shows a compelling pathway for field testing this approach.
Management of complex CHD at the National Cardiothoracic Center of Excellence, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu: the role of foreign cardiac missions in 3.5 years
Authors: Nwafor Ikechukwu A. , Chinawa Josephat M. , Adiele Daberechi K. , Arodiwe Ijeoma O. , Ezemba Ndubueze , Eze John C. , Omeje Ikenna , Arua Onyiye A. , Novick William 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundCHD is defined as structural defect(s) in the heart and proximal blood vessels present at birth. The National Cardiothoracic Center of Excellence, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH), Enugu, through the aid of visiting Cardiac Missions has managed a significant number of patients within the last 3.5 years.Aim/ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to review surgical options and outcome of complex CHD among patients attending UNTH, Enugu, Enugu.Materials and MethodDuring the period of 3.5 years (March, 2013 to June, 2016), a total of 20 cases of complex CHD were managed by cardiac missions that visited UNTH, Enugu. Their case notes and operating register were retrieved, reviewed, and analysed using SPSS version 19 (Chicago).ResultsThere were eight females and 12 males, with a ratio of 2:5. The age range was from 5 months to 34 years with a mean of 1.7. Among all, five patients died giving a mortality rate of 25%. The operative procedures ranged from palliative shunts to complete repair. The outcome was relatively good.ConclusionComplex CHD are present in our environment. Their surgical management in our centre is being made possible by periodic visits of foreign cardiac missions.
Alberta’s Tomorrow Project: adherence to cancer prevention recommendations pertaining to diet, physical activity and body size
Authors: Whelan Heather K , Xu Jian-Yi , Vaseghi Sanaz , Lo Siou Geraldine , McGregor S Elizabeth , Robson Paula J 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo explore cross-sectional adherence to cancer prevention recommendations by adults enrolled in a prospective cohort in Alberta, Canada.DesignQuestionnaire data were used to construct a composite cancer prevention adherence score for each participant, based on selected personal recommendations published by the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (2007). Data were self-reported on health and lifestyle, past-year physical activity and past-year FFQ. The scores accounted for physical activity, dietary supplement use, body size, and intakes of alcohol, fruit, vegetables and red meat. Tobacco exposure was also included. Scores ranged from 0 (least adherent) to 7 (most adherent).SettingAlberta’s Tomorrow Project; a research platform based on a prospective cohort.SubjectsAdult men and women (n24 988) aged 35–69 years recruited by random digit dialling and enrolled in Alberta’s Tomorrow Project between 2001 and 2009.ResultsOf the cohort, 14 % achieved adherence scores ≥5 and 60 % had scores ≤3. Overall adherence scores were higher in women (mean (sd): 3·4 (1·1)) than in men (3·0 (1·2)). The extent of overall adherence was also associated with level of education, employment status, annual household income, personal history of chronic disease, family history of chronic disease and age.ConclusionsReported adherence to selected personal recommendations for cancer prevention was low in this cohort of adults. In the short to medium term, these results suggest that more work is required to identify behaviours to target with cancer prevention strategies at a population level. Future work will explore the associations between adherence scores and cancer risk in this cohort.
Exploring the (behavioural) political economy of nudging
Authors: SCHUBERT CHRISTIAN 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn recent years, a novel, specifically institutional approach to public regulation has become popular, particularly in the Anglo-Saxon world: ‘Libertarian Paternalism’ promises to tackle society's problems in a way that increases welfare without compromising people's freedom and autonomy. The key instrument advanced by this programme isnudges. Although nudges’ ethical quality has been discussed at length, the political economy driving their implementation by self-interested (and possibly boundedly rational) policy makers and bureaucrats has been largely neglected so far. This paper elaborates on how this gap might be filled.