bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A multi-agent-based online opinion dissemination model for China’s crisis information release policy during hazardous chemical leakage emergencies into rivers
Authors: Yu Lean , Li Ling , Tang Ling , Dai Wei , Hanachi Chihab 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a multi-agent-based simulation model for the online opinion dissemination during hazardous chemical leakage emergencies into rivers in China, to explore an appropriate crisis information release policy of China’s government for controlling public panic.

Design/methodology/approach
In the proposed model, two fundamental attributes of crisis information, i.e., truthfulness (for true or false news) and attitude (for positive, neutral or negative opinion), are considered. Four major agents in the online community system, i.e., citizens, the government, media and opinion leaders, are included. Using four typical accidents of hazardous chemical leakage into rivers in China as case studies, insightful policy implications can be obtained for crisis management and panic control.

Findings
The news about the terrible potential damages from such a type of accidents will instantly arise wide-ranging public panic; therefore, the corresponding crisis information release policy should be carefully designed. It is strongly advised against publishing false news to temporarily conceal the accidents, which will seriously hurt the government’s reputation and agitate much larger-scale public panic in terms of degree and duration. To mitigate public panic, the true news especially about treatment measurements should be published immediately. If the government does nothing and releases no crisis information, the public panic will go out of control.

Research limitations/implications
This paper only focuses on the crisis information release policies from the perspectives of the government. Furthermore, this study especially focuses on the cases in China, and extending the proposed model study for general contexts is an important direction to improve this study. Finally, the proposed model should be extended to other types of emergencies to further justify its generalization and universality, especially various natural catastrophes like storms, floods, tsunamis, etc.

Originality/value
This paper develops a multi-agent-based model for online public opinion dissemination in emergency to explore an appropriate crisis information release policy for controlling public panic stemming from hazardous chemicals leakage accidents into rivers. The proposed model makes major contributions to the literature from two perspectives. First, the crisis information about emergency accidents are divided into true and false news based on the truthfulness attribute, and into neutral, positive and negative emotions based on the attitude attribute. Second, the proposed model covers the main agents in the online virtual community.
Leveraging cross-media analytics to detect events and mine opinions for emergency management
Authors: Xu Wei , Liu Lingyu , Shang Wei 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
Timely detection of emergency events and effective tracking of corresponding public opinions are critical in emergency management. As media are immediate sources of information on emergencies, the purpose of this paper is to propose cross-media analytics to detect and track emergency events and provide decision support for government and emergency management departments.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a novel emergency event detection and opinion mining method is proposed for emergency management using cross-media analytics. In the proposed approach, an event detection module is constructed to discover emergency events based on cross-media analytics, and after the detected event is confirmed as an emergency event, an opinion mining module is used to analyze public sentiments and then generate public sentiment time series for early warning via a semantic expansion technique.

Findings
Empirical results indicate that a specific emergency can be detected and that public opinion can be tracked effectively and efficiently using cross-media analytics. In addition, the proposed system can be used for decision support and real-time response for government and emergency management departments.

Research limitations/implications
This paper takes full advantage of cross-media information and proposes novel emergency event detection and opinion mining methods for emergency management using cross-media analytics. The empirical analysis results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed method.

Practical implications
The proposed method can be applied for detection of emergency events and tracking of public opinions for emergency decision support and governmental real-time response.

Originality/value
This research work contributes to the design of a decision support system for emergency event detection and opinion mining. In the proposed approaches, emergency events are detected by leveraging cross-media analytics, and public sentiments are measured using an auto-expansion of the domain dictionary in the field of emergency management to eliminate the misclassification of the general dictionary and to make the quantization more accurate.
Modelling hysteresis effect in Scintrex CG‐3M gravity readings
Authors: Repanić Marija , Kuhar Miran 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTSignificant hysteresis effects after transport in the upright position are found during measurement for the purpose of calibration of Scintrex CG‐3M gravimeters serial numbers 4372 and 4373. The effects amount to 0.60 and 0.15 μms−2 during the first 10 minutes and an additional 0.35 and 0.10 μms−2 during the next 10 minutes after transport for gravimeters 4372 and 4373, respectively. Such significant and not completely homogenous effects do not completely cancel out when forming gravity differences. An iterative MATLAB algorithm has been developed that models hysteresis effects using exponential functions that account for shifts in time and eliminates the hysteresis effects from the measurements. The method facilitates determination of an exponential function of hysteresis from multiple observation series with different unknown offsets and significant noise that prevents the application of conventional methods. Hysteresis elimination from measurements for the purpose of calibration resulted in (mostly significant) increases in the precision of adjusted calibration constants for both gravimeters. It is shown that, in order to obtain reasonable results, modelling the hysteresis effects should be based on approximately 30 minutes of readings. Finally, one can conclude that hysteresis effects surely do build up during transport, contrary to statements by Scintrex.
The primary case is not enough: Variation among individuals, groups and social networks modify bacterial transmission dynamics
Authors: Keiser Carl N. , Pinter‐Wollman Noa , Ziemba Michael J. , Kothamasu Krishna S. , Pruitt Jonathan N. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

The traits of the primary case of an infectious disease outbreak, and the circumstances for their aetiology, potentially influence the trajectory of transmission dynamics. However, these dynamics likely also depend on the traits of the individuals with whom the primary case interacts.

We used the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola to test how the traits of the primary case, group phenotypic composition and group size interact to facilitate the transmission of a GFP‐labelled cuticular bacterium. We also compared bacterial transmission across experimentally generated “daisy‐chain” vs. “star” networks of social interactions. Finally, we compared social network structure across groups of different sizes.

Groups of 10 spiders experienced more bacterial transmission events compared to groups of 30 spiders, regardless of groups’ behavioural composition. Groups containing only one bold spider experienced the lowest levels of bacterial transmission regardless of group size. We found no evidence for the traits of the primary case influencing any transmission dynamics. In a second experiment, bacteria were transmitted to more individuals in experimentally induced star networks than in daisy‐chains, on which transmission never exceeded three steps. In both experimental network types, transmission success depended jointly on the behavioural traits of the interacting individuals; however, the behavioural traits of the primary case were only important for transmission on star networks.

Larger social groups exhibited lower interaction density (i.e. had a low ratio of observed to possible connections) and were more modular, i.e. they had more connections between nodes within a subgroup and fewer connections across subgroups. Thus, larger groups may restrict transmission by forming fewer interactions and by isolating subgroups that interacted with the primary case.

These findings suggest that accounting for the traits of single exposed hosts has less power in predicting transmission dynamics compared to the larger scale factors of the social groups in which they reside. Factors like group size and phenotypic composition appear to alter social interaction patterns, which leads to differential transmission of microbes.
The changing environment of conservation conflict: Geese and farming in Scotland
Authors: Mason Tom H. E. , Keane Aidan , Redpath Stephen M. , Bunnefeld Nils 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Conflict between conservation objectives and human livelihoods is ubiquitous and can be highly damaging, but the processes generating it are poorly understood. Ecological elements are central to conservation conflict, and changes in their dynamics — for instance due to anthropogenic environmental change — are likely to influence the emergence of serious human–wildlife impacts and, consequently, social conflict.

We used mixed‐effects models to examine the drivers of historic spatio‐temporal dynamics in numbers of Greenland barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) on the Scottish island of Islay to identify the ecological processes that have shaped the environment in which conflict between goose conservation and agriculture has been triggered.

Barnacle goose numbers on Islay increased from 20,000 to 43,000 between 1987 and 2016. Over the same period, the area of improved grassland increased, the number of sheep decreased and the climate warmed.

Goose population growth was strongly linked to the increasing area of improved grassland, which provided geese with more high quality forage. Changing climatic conditions, particularly warming temperatures on Islay and breeding grounds in Greenland, have also boosted goose numbers.

As the goose population has grown, farms have supported geese more frequently and in larger numbers, with subsequent damaging effects on grassland. The creation of high‐quality grassland appears to have largely driven the problem of serious economic damage by geese. Our analysis also reveals the drivers of spatial variation in goose impacts: geese were more likely to occur on farms closer to roosts and those with more improved grassland. However, as geese numbers have increased they have spread to previously less favoured farms.

Synthesis and applications. Our study demonstrates the primary role of habitat modification in the emergence of conflict between goose conservation and agriculture, alongside a secondary role of climate change. Our research illustrates the value of exploring socio‐ecological history to understand the processes leading to conservation conflict. In doing so, we identify those elements that are more controllable, such as local habitat management, and less controllable, such as climate change, but which both need to be taken into account when managing conservation conflict.
Bite Mark Analysis in Foodstuffs and Inanimate Objects and the Underlying Proofs for Validity and Judicial Acceptance
Authors: Rivera‐Mendoza Fernando , Martín‐de‐las‐Heras Stella , Navarro‐Cáceres Pablo , Fonseca Gabriel M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEven though one of the first bite mark cases was Doyle v. State in 1954 (a bitten cheese case), the research has focused on bite marks inflicted in human skin. As published Papers, Case Reports, or Technical Notes can constitute precedents which are relied upon in making the legal arguments and a considerable amount of case law exists in this area, we present a systematic review on bite mark analysis in foodstuffs and inanimate objects and their underlying proofs for validity and judicial acceptance according to Daubert rulings. Results showed that there is vulnerability in these procedures, and it is essential to demand for focus scrutiny on the known error rates when such evidence is presented in trials. These kinds of bite marks are well documented; however, there has been little research in this field knowing that the protocols of analysis and comparison are the responsibility of the forensic odontologists.
Cooperation between p21 and Akt is required for p53‐dependent cellular senescence
Authors: Kim Young Yeon , Jee Hye Jin , Um Jee‐Hyun , Kim Young Mi , Bae Sun Sik , Yun Jeanho 
Published: July 2017

SummaryCellular senescence has been implicated in normal aging, tissue homeostasis, and tumor suppression. Although p53 has been shown to be a central mediator of cellular senescence, the signaling pathway by which it induces senescence remains incompletely understood. In this study, we have shown that both Akt and p21 are required to induce cellular senescence in response to p53 expression. In a p53‐induced senescence model, we found that Akt activation was essential for inducing a cellular senescence phenotype. Surprisingly, Akt inhibition did not abolish p53‐induced cell cycle arrest, but it suppressed the increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. The results of the cell cycle and morphological analysis suggest that p53 induced quiescence, not senescence, following Akt inhibition. Conversely, the inhibition of p21 induction abolished cell cycle arrest but did not affect the p53‐induced increase in ROS levels. Additionally, p21 and Akt separately controlled cell cycle arrest and ROS levels, respectively, during H‐Ras‐induced senescence in human normal fibroblasts. The mechanistic analysis revealed that Akt increased ROS levels through NOX4 induction, and increased Akt‐dependent NF‐κB binding to the NOX4 promoter is responsible for NOX4 induction upon p53 expression. We further showed that Akt activation upon p53 expression is mediated by mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2. In addition, p53‐mediated IL6 and IL8 induction was abrogated by Akt inhibition, suggesting that Akt activation is also required for the senescence‐associated secretory phenotype. Collectively, these results suggest that p53 simultaneously controls multiple pathways to induce cellular senescence through p21 and Akt.
A Soft Total Artificial Heart—First Concept Evaluation on a Hybrid Mock Circulation
Authors: Cohrs Nicholas H. , Petrou Anastasios , Loepfe Michael , Yliruka Maria , Schumacher Christoph M. , Kohll A. Xavier , Starck Christoph T. , Schmid Daners Marianne , Meboldt Mirko , Falk Volkmar , Stark Wendelin J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe technology of 3D‐printing has allowed the production of entirely soft pumps with complex chamber geometries. We used this technique to develop a completely soft pneumatically driven total artificial heart from silicone elastomers and evaluated its performance on a hybrid mock circulation. The goal of this study is to present an innovative concept of a soft total artificial heart (sTAH). Using the form of a human heart, we designed a sTAH, which consists of only two ventricles and produced it using a 3D‐printing, lost‐wax casting technique. The diastolic properties of the sTAH were defined and the performance of the sTAH was evaluated on a hybrid mock circulation under various physiological conditions. The sTAH achieved a blood flow of 2.2 L/min against a systemic vascular resistance of 1.11 mm Hg s/mL (afterload), when operated at 80 bpm. At the same time, the mean pulmonary venous pressure (preload) was fixed at 10 mm Hg. Furthermore, an aortic pulse pressure of 35 mm Hg was measured, with a mean aortic pressure of 48 mm Hg. The sTAH generated physiologically shaped signals of blood flow and pressures by mimicking the movement of a real heart. The preliminary results of this study show a promising potential of the soft pumps in heart replacements. Further work, focused on increasing blood flow and in turn aortic pressure is required.
Glaucoma Australia educational impact study: a randomized short‐term clinical trial evaluating the association between glaucoma education and patient knowledge, anxiety and treatment satisfaction
Authors: Skalicky Simon E , D'Mellow Guy , House Philip , Fenwick Eva ,   the Glaucoma Australia Educational Impact Study Contributors
Published: July 2017

AbstractImportanceTargeted education may impact glaucoma patients' clinical experience.BackgroundThe aim of this study was to measure the impact of patient‐centred glaucoma‐related education on knowledge, anxiety and treatment satisfaction.DesignThis was a multicentre Australia‐wide randomized clinical trial.ParticipantsOne hundred one newly diagnosed glaucoma patients were randomized 1:1 to intervention or control groups.MethodsThose randomized to the Glaucoma Australia educational intervention received telephone‐based counselling about glaucoma followed by mail‐out information, in addition to usual care and information from their treating ophthalmologist. The control group received only usual care and information from their treating ophthalmologist. Surveys were administered at baseline and 4 weeks following intervention.Main Outcome MeasuresThe Auckland Glaucoma Knowledge Questionnaire measured glaucoma‐related knowledge. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and Eye‐Drop Satisfaction Questionnaire measured anxiety and patient treatment satisfaction, respectively.ResultsMean age was 64.7 ± 11.1 years, and 52 (51.5%) were male. There was no noticeable increase in knowledge levels in the control group (mean difference: 0.04 logits, P = 0.7), compared with a 0.49‐logit (P = 0.02) increase in knowledge levels in the intervention group. Between‐group comparison showed a non‐significant increase in knowledge (0.45 logits, P = 0.07) comparing intervention participants with controls. Intervention participants experienced a statistically significant decrease in anxiety compared to controls (−0.60 logits, P = 0.02). No between‐group difference was found in Eye‐Drop Satisfaction Questionnaire scores.Conclusions and RelevancePatient‐centred glaucoma‐related education and support services may improve knowledge and can reduce anxiety for newly diagnosed glaucoma patients. All glaucoma patients should be adequately counselled about the nature of the disease and its management.
Peroral endoscopic myotomy as salvation technique post‐Heller: International experience
Authors: Tyberg Amy , Sharaiha Reem Z. , Familiari Pietro , Costamagna Guido , Casas Fernando , Kumta Nikhil A. , Barret Maximilien , Desai Amit P. , Schnoll‐Sussman Felice , Saxena Payal , Martínez Guadalupe , Zamarripa Felipe , Gaidhane Monica , Bertani Helga , Draganov Peter V. , Balassone Valerio , Sharata Ahmed , Reavis Kevin , Swanstrom Lee , Invernizzi Martina , Seewald Stefan , Minami Hitomi , Inoue Haruhiro , Kahaleh Michel 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundTreatment for achalasia has traditionally been Heller myotomy (HM). Despite its excellent efficacy rate, a number of patients remain symptomatic post‐procedure. Limited data exist as to the best management for recurrence of symptoms post‐HM. We present an international, multicenter experience evaluating the efficacy and safety of post‐HM peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM).MethodsPatients who underwent POEM post‐HM from 13 centers from January 2012 to January 2017 were included as part of a prospective registry. Technical success was defined as successful completion of the myotomy. Clinical success was defined as an Eckardt score of ≤3 on 12‐month follow up. Adverse events (AE) including anesthesia‐related, operative, and postoperative complications were recorded.ResultsFifty‐one patients were included in the study (mean age 54.2, 47% male). Technical success was achieved in 100% of patients. Clinical success on long‐term follow up was achieved in 48 patients (94%), with a mean change in Eckardt score of 6.25. Seven patients (13%) had AE: six experienced periprocedural mucosal defect treated endoscopically and two patients developed mediastinitis treated conservatively.ConclusionFor patients with persistent symptoms after HM, POEM is a safe salvation technique with good short‐term efficacy. As a result of the challenge associated with repeat HM, POEM might become the preferred technique in this patient population. Further studies with longer follow up are needed.
Persisting hyperbilirubinemia in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) chronically treated with eculizumab: The role of hepatocanalicular transporter variants
Authors: Alashkar Ferras , Weber Susanne N. , Vance Colin , Herich‐Terhürne Dörte , Dührsen Ulrich , Lammert Frank , Röth Alexander 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundEculizumab‐treated paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients (pts) show a dramatic decrease in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities and bilirubin concentrations. However, some pts remain hyperbilirubinemic, possibly indicating an inadequate response due to extravascular hemolysis.MethodsMutation analyses of hepatocanalicular transporter/nuclear receptor variants (ABCB4, ABCB11, ATP8B1, NR1H4) were performed in eight (five of eight males; mean age 38 years [range 26‐68 years]) out of the 174 pts with PNH/‐clone at our department due to a persistent increase in total bilirubin concentrations (median 3.4 mg/dL; range 2.1‐8.1 mg/dL) during chronic eculizumab treatment and normal/or slightly increased serum aminotransferase activities. Median observation time was 70.1 months (range 10.6‐135.2 months). All pts were treated according to German PNH guidelines.ResultsHomozygous and heterozygous procholestatic variants in the ABCB4, ABCB11, and ATP8B1 genes were identified in all eight pts. All carried the common ABCB4 c.787A>T polymorphism. The A(TA)7TAA variant in the UGT1A1 promoter causing Gilbert syndrome was detected in three pts (5/8).ConclusionsHyperbilirubinemia in PNH pts treated with eculizumab might not only be due to an insufficient response but rather a combination of mutations in hepatocanalicular transporter variants, Gilbert syndrome, and extravascular hemolysis. Our findings warrant further studies concerning transporter and enzyme variants in PNH to determine their clinical significance.
The Political Theology of Commemoration: Global South Perspectives on 500 Years of Reformation
Authors: Mtata Kenneth 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe 2017 commemoration of the Reformation is an opportunity to reflect on the dynamic of the Reformation as a phenomenon of change, change that seems to be needed in many aspects of our globalized world. This article looks at elements of the Reformation for their potential to energize social transformation today through a particular combination of the “old” and the “new” catalyzed by the Holy Spirit, focusing on law (addressing power asymmetries), the gospel (embracing emerging life), and the scriptures.
The Historic Peace Churches and the Reformations
Authors: Pan Paulus Chiou‐Lang , Riggs Ann K. , Mambula Musa A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis contribution considers the broad historical and theological category of Reformation and Reformations in relation to the Historic Peace Churches before turning to a more detailed consideration of recent and contemporary meaning of Reformation(s) in selected settings and needs: Mennonites in Taiwan; Friends in East Africa, especially Tanzania; and the Church of the Brethren in Nigeria. Reformation insights of the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries continue to inform, inspire, and sustain Mennonite, Quaker, and Brethren communities in contexts quite different from those in which our communities arose and from one another.