bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Nucleus Pulposus Cells a Possibility for Biological Spinal Fusion?
Authors: Brown Sharon J. , Turner Sarah A. , Balain Birender S. , Davidson Neil T. , Roberts Sally 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether a simple, biologically robust method for inducing calcification of degenerate intervertebral discs (IVD) could be developed to provide an alternative treatment for patients requiring spinal fusion.DesignNucleus pulposus (NP) cells isolated from 14 human IVDs were cultured in monolayer and exposed to osteogenic medium, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3(VitD3), parathyroid hormone (PTH), and bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) 2/7 to determine if they could become osteogenic. Similarly explant cultures of IVDs from 11 patients were cultured in osteogenic media with and without prior exposure to VitD3and BMP-2. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase activity and areas of calcification identified by alizarin red or von Kossa staining. Expression of osteogenic genes during monolayer culture was determined using polymerase chain reaction and explant tissues assessed for BMP inhibitors. Human bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were used for comparison.ResultsStandard osteogenic media was optimum for promoting mineralization by human NP cells in monolayer. Some osteogenic differentiation was observed with 10 nM VitD3, but none following application of PTH or BMPs. Regions of calcification were detected in 2 of the eleven IVD tissue explants, one cultured in osteogenic media and one with the addition of VitD3and BMP-2.ConclusionsHuman NP cells can become osteogenic in monolayer and calcification of the extracellular matrix can also occur, although not consistently. Inhibitory factors within either the cells or the extracellular matrix may hinder osteogenesis, indicating that a robust biological fusion at this time requires further optimization.
Managing acute pain in patients who report lactose intolerance: the safety of an old excipient re-examined
Authors: Mill Deanna , Dawson Jessica , Johnson Jacinta Lee 
Published: January 2018

Lactose intolerance is exceedingly common, reportedly affecting up to 70% of the world’s population, leading to both abdominal and systemic symptoms. Current treatment focuses predominantly on restricting dietary consumption of lactose. Given lactose is one of the most commonly used excipients in the pharmaceutical industry, consideration must be given to the lactose content and therefore safety of pharmaceutical preparations prescribed for patients with lactose intolerance. This article summarizes the current literature examining the likelihood of inducing adverse effects through the administration of lactose-containing pharmaceutical preparations in patients reporting lactose intolerance, describes how to assess this risk on an individual patient basis and reviews suitable analgesic options for this population. A case study is presented detailing a patient reporting lactose intolerance who insists on treatment with the lactose-free product codeine/ibuprofen (Nurofen Plus) rather than other codeine-free analgesics. It is important to assess the likelihood of lactose as an excipient inducing symptoms in this scenario, as reluctance to cease codeine could suggest codeine dependence, an issue that is becoming increasingly common in countries such as Australia and Canada. Given codeine dependence is associated with serious sequelae including hospitalization and death, the patient must either be reassured the lactose component in their prescribed analgesics will not induce symptoms or an alternative treatment strategy must be confirmed. General recommendations applying theory from the literature to the management of acute pain in lactose-intolerant patients are discussed and specific treatment options are outlined. Although large inter-individual variability is reported, most lactose-intolerant patients can tolerate the small quantities of lactose found in pharmaceutical preparations. Cumulative lactose exposure can be assessed in patients taking multiple medications while also consuming lactose in the diet. In those sensitive to small quantities of lactose, lactase supplements can be trailed. Additionally, for the analgesic drug classes employed for the management of acute pain, lactose-free formulations, including most oral liquids and dispersible tablets and some oral tablets and capsules, are available.
Efficacy and safety of artemisinin-based combination therapy and chloroquine with concomitant primaquine to treat Plasmodium vivax malaria in Brazil: an open label randomized clinical trial
Authors: Daher André , Pereira Dhelio , Lacerda Marcus V. G. , Alexandre Márcia A. A. , Nascimento Cristiana T. , Alves de Lima e Silva Júlio Castro , Tada Mauro , Ruffato Rosilene , Maia Ivan , dos Santos Tereza Cristina , Marchesini Paola , Santelli Ana Carolina , Lalloo David G. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Background
There is general international agreement that the importance of vivax malaria has been neglected, and there is a need for new treatment approaches in an effort to progress towards control and elimination in Latin America. This open label randomized clinical trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of three treatment regimens using either one of two fixed dose artemisinin-based combinations or chloroquine in combination with a short course of primaquine (7–9 days: total dose 3–4.2 mg/kg) in Brazil. The primary objective was establishing whether cure rates above 90% could be achieved in each arm.

Results
A total of 264 patients were followed up to day 63. The cure rate of all three treatment arms was greater than 90% at 28 and 42 days. Cure rates were below 90% in all three treatment groups at day 63, although the 95% confidence interval included 90% for all three treatments. Most of the adverse events were mild in all treatment arms. Only one of the three serious adverse events was related to the treatment and significant drops in haemoglobin were rare.

Conclusion
This study demonstrated the efficacy and safety of all three regimens that were tested with 42-day cure rates that meet World Health Organization criteria. The efficacy and safety of artemisinin-based combination therapy regimens in this population offers the opportunity to treat all species of malaria with the same regimen, simplifying protocols for malaria control programmes and potentially contributing to elimination of both vivax and falciparum malaria.
Trial registration RBR-79s56s
Late Pleistocene Bryant Canyon turbidite system: Implications for Gulf of Mexico minibasin petroleum systems
Authors: Hans Nelson C. , Damuth John E. , Olson Hilary Clement 
Published: January 2018

The western ancestral Mississippi shelf-margin delta fed the Bryant Canyon turbidite system in the intraslope basin province of the northwestern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) during the penultimate glacial lowstand of sea level (130–160 year BP). The Bryant Canyon links a chain of 15 fill-and-spill minibasins on the continental slope. On the upper and lower continental slopes, minibasins are narrow (1–3 km), elongate (3–6 km), and follow salt ridges. On the middle slope, minibasins are larger (8–15 km) semicircular basins. Three main depositional facies are recognized based on seismic-facies interpretation: (1) ponded turbidites (T), (2) mass-transport deposits (MTDs), and (3) bypass channelized turbidites (C). Thick, intrabasinal, muddy MTD wedges sourced from high-relief internal walls of the minibasins alternate with and frequently cap externally derived deposits. Tabular extrabasinal MTD deposits originated from shelf-margin delta or canyon-wall failures upslope. The T and MTD facies deposits each make up approximately 40% of basin fill, and the C facies deposits comprise approximately 20%. The T facies deposits form perched lobes at canyon inlets into basins and ponded units on distal sides of basins. Channels in the C facies are similar in width (500–2000 m) and relief (20–100 ms) to channels in productive GOM subsurface minibasins. Syntectonic activity of salt diapirs typically began midway through filling of Bryant Canyon minibasins and then preferentially uplifted northern portions of basin deposits. Local salt-tectonic activity caused greater basin relief and thicker capping MTDs than in subsurface minibasins to the west (e.g., Brazos-Trinity Basin IV) or east (e.g., Mississippi Canyon). Bryant Canyon minibasins provide excellent modern analogs for subsurface Miocene to Pleistocene GOM chains of minibasins because of similar scales and depositional facies. The youngest Bryant T facies deposits and their overlying incised, thick, channel deposits contain the most sand-prone facies and suggest the best potential for petroleum reservoirs in subsurface minibasins.
Genetics in the 21st Century: Implications for patients, consumers and citizens
Authors: Roberts Jonathan , Middleton Anna 
Published: January 2018

The first human genome project, completed in 2003, uncovered the genetic building blocks of humankind. Painstakingly cataloguing the basic constituents of our DNA (‘genome sequencing’) took ten years, over three billion dollars and was a multinational collaboration. Since then, our ability to sequence genomes has been finessed so much that by 2018 it is possible to explore the 20,000 or so human genes for under £1000, in a matter of days. Such testing offers clues to our past, present and future health, as well as information about how we respond to medications so that truly ‘personalised medicine’ is now moving closer to a reality.The impact of such a ‘genomic era’ is likely to have some level of impact on an increasingly large number of us, even if we are not directly using healthcare services ourselves. We explore how advancements in genetics are likely to be experienced by people, as patients, consumers and citizens; and urge policy makers to take stock of the pervasive nature of the technology as well as the human response to it.
Optimisation of ex vivo memory B cell expansion/differentiation for interrogation of rare peripheral memory B cell subset responses
Authors: Muir Luke , McKay Paul F. , Petrova Velislava N. , Klymenko Oleksiy V. , Kratochvil Sven , Pinder Christopher L. , Kellam Paul , Shattock Robin J. 
Published: January 2018

Background:Human memory B cells play a vital role in the long-term protection of the host from pathogenic re-challenge. In recent years the importance of a number of different memory B cell subsets that can be formed in response to vaccination or infection has started to become clear. To study memory B cell responses, cells can be culturedex vivo,allowing for an increase in cell number and activation of these quiescent cells, providing sufficient quantities of each memory subset to enable full investigation of functionality. However, despite numerous papers being published demonstrating bulk memory B cell culture, we could find no literature on optimised conditions for the study of memory B cell subsets, such as IgM+memory B cells.Methods:Following a literature review, we carried out a large screen of memory B cell expansion conditions to identify the combination that induced the highest levels of memory B cell expansion. We subsequently used a novel Design of Experiments approach to finely tune the optimal memory B cell expansion and differentiation conditions for human memory B cell subsets. Finally, we characterised the resultant memory B cell subpopulations by IgH sequencing and flow cytometry.Results:The application of specific optimised conditions induce multiple rounds of memory B cell proliferation equally across Ig isotypes, differentiation of memory B cells to antibody secreting cells, and importantly do not alter the Ig genotype of the stimulated cells. Conclusions:Overall, our data identify a memory B cell culture system that offers a robust platform for investigating the functionality of rare memory B cell subsets to infection and/or vaccination.
Serum biomarkers in periprosthetic joint infections
Authors: Saleh A. , George J. , Faour M. , Klika A. K. , Higuera C. A. 
Published: January 2018

Objectives The diagnosis of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is difficult and requires a battery of tests and clinical findings. The purpose of this review is to summarize all current evidence for common and new serum biomarkers utilized in the diagnosis of PJI. Methods We searched two literature databases, using terms that encompass all hip and knee arthroplasty procedures, as well as PJI and statistical terms reflecting diagnostic parameters. The findings are summarized as a narrative review. Results Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were the two most commonly published serum biomarkers. Most evidence did not identify other serum biomarkers that are clearly superior to ESR and CRP. Other serum biomarkers have not demonstrated superior sensitivity and have failed to replace CRP and ESR as first-line screening tests. D-dimer appears to be a promising biomarker, but more research is necessary. Factors that influence serum biomarkers include temporal trends, stage of revision, and implant-related factors (metallosis). Conclusion Our review helped to identify factors that can influence serum biomarkers’ level changes; the recognition of such factors can help improve their diagnostic utility. As such, we cannot rely on ESR and CRP alone for the diagnosis of PJI prior to second-stage reimplantation, or in metal-on-metal or corrosion cases. The future of serum biomarkers will likely shift towards using genomics and proteomics to identify proteins transcribed via messenger RNA in response to infection and sepsis. Cite this article: A. Saleh, J. George, M. Faour, A. K. Klika, C. A. Higuera. Serum biomarkers in periprosthetic joint infections. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:85–93. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.71.BJR-2017-0323.
Perception, attitude, and participation of the community around mangrove forest management in Wonorejo, Surabaya, East Java
Authors: HAKIM ARIS MAULANA 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Hakim A, Darusman D. 2015. Perception, attitude, and participation of the community around mangrove forest management in Wonorejo, Surabaya, East Java. Bonorowo Wetlands 5: 85-93. Wonorejo Mangrove Forest (WMF) is a form of forest area in Surabaya of East Java that is now in good condition, but there are some damaged vegetations and facilities caused by the communities and visitors’ unresponsible behavior. This research is purposed to scale the perception, attitude, and participation level of the community around WMF management. This research is conducted at Wonorejo Village with 100 respondents. From the research, it can be shown that the perception of the communities about WMF management is in a high category. Education, Jobs, Gender, and Counseling factors formed the community perception significantly high. The attitude level of the communities about WMF management included in the category of High which none factors formed the communities attitudes low significantly. Also, the participation level of the communities in WMF management is in a Low category. Education and Counseling factors formed the community’s participation level significantly high.
The estimation model of mangrove forest biomass using a medium resolution satellite imagery in the concession area of forest concession company in West Kalimantan
Authors: YUSANDI SENDI , JAYA I NENGAH SURATI 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Yusandi S, Jaya INS. 2016. The estimation model of mangrove forest biomass using a medium resolution satellite imagery in the concession area of forest concession company in West Kalimantan. Bonorowo Wetlands 6: 69-81. Mangrove forest is one of the forest ecosystem types having the highest carbon stock in the tropics. Mangrove forests have a good assimilation capability with their environmental elements as well as have a high capability on carbon sequestration. Up to now, however, the availability of data and information on carbon storage, especially on tree biomass content of mangroves is still limited. Conventionally, an accurate estimation of biomass could be obtained from terrestrial measurements, but those methods are costly and time-consuming. This study offered an alternative solution to overcome these limitations by using remote sensing technology, i.e., using the moderate resolution imageries Landsat 8. The objective of this study is to formulate the biomass estimation model using medium resolution satellite imagery, as well as to develop a biomass distribution map based on the selected model. The study found that the NDVI has a considerably high correlation coefficient of larger than > 0.7071 with the standing biomass. On the basis of the values of aggregation deviation, mean deviation, bias, RMSE, ?², R², and s, the best model for estimating the mangrove standing biomass is B=0.00023404 with the R² value of 77.1%. In general, the concession area of BSN Group (PT Kandelia Alam Semesta and PT Bina Ovivipari) has a potential of biomass ranging from 45 to 100 tons per ha.
Computed tomography as a first-line investigation for elderly patients admitted to a surgical assessment unit
Authors: Radwan RW , Tang AM , Beasley WD 
Published: January 2018

Background Increases in life expectancy has meant that a higher proportion of patients presenting to surgical assessment units are now elderly. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) can provide early and accurate diagnosis in the elderly, even in the presence of incomplete clinical and biological findings. The aim of this study was to investigate the use of early CT imaging in elderly patients presenting directly to the surgical assessment unit. Materials and methods All consecutive patients aged 65 years and over admitted directly to the surgical assessment unit between January 2017 and April 2017 were identified. Data were collected on demographics, laboratory investigations, radiological investigations and hospital admission. The primary outcome measure was overall length of stay. Results A total of 200 consecutive patients were identified and included over a six-month period. This comprised 110 women and 90 men with a median age of 78 years (range 64–98 years). A total of 83 patients underwent CT on admission to the surgical assessment unit. White cell count (WCC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) results were significantly higher in patients undergoing CT (P = 0.001). Median length of stay for patients undergoing CT was 5 days (range 1–19 days). This was significantly lower than those patients not receiving CT imaging, at 6 days (range 1–105 days; P = 0.034). Discussion CT should be considered as a first-line investigation when elderly patients with an acute abdomen are admitted to surgical assessment units. Early CT can accelerate hospital discharge and decrease overall length of hospital stay.
Potensi Cendawan Endofit sebagai Pengendali Hayati Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang (Phytophthora capsici) pada Bibit Cabai
Authors: Ramdan Evan Purnama , Tondok Efi Toding , Wiyono Suryo , Hidayat Sri Hendrastuti , Widodo Widodo 
Published: January 2018

Stem rot disease caused by Phytophthora capsici is an important disease on chilli. Eight endophytic fungi that had been isolated and screened based on pathogenecity test were further tested for their potential as the biological control agent of the stem rot disease of chilli. The endophytic fungi suspension was applied twice during the trial. The first application was on 100 seed lot, by soaking them in 100 mL of suspension. The second application was on the 3 weeks-old chili seedlings by drenching them with 10 mL suspension per plant. The concentration of endophytic fungi in the suspension was 2.8 × 106 cfu mL-1. The disease intensity and AUDPC value were measured for 4 weeks after the pathogen inoculation. The growth inhibition test of P. capsici was performed in vitro and the colonization abilities of endophytic fungi were observed at 4 weeks-old chilli seedlings. Eight endophytic fungi inhibited the growth of the P. capsici, and two of those isolates namely Penicillium strain MAG1 and Penicillium strain PAB2 showed antibiosis mechanism. Endophytic fungi has the ability more to colonize at the root (26–60%) than in the stem (20–40%). Fusarium strain MAGR1 has the highest level of endophytic colonization i.e. 60% compared to others. Based on in vivo assay, six endophytic fungi isolates, i.e. Fusarium strain MAGR1, Penicillium strain MAG1, Penicillium strain PAB2, sterile hyphae HAJ1, sterile hyphae HAJ2, and sterile hyphae PBG7, showed the potency to control stem rot disease with inhibition level of 25.5–35.5%
Evaluasi Resistensi Progeni Anggrek Phalaenopsis terhadap Penyakit Busuk Lunak (Pseudomonas viridiflava)
Authors: Hanudin Hanudin , Rahardjo Indijarto Budi , Budiarto Kurniawan 
Published: January 2018

A bacterial soft rot disease caused by P. viridiflava was one of problems in orchid nursery, especially Phalaenopsis. An evaluation on progenies derived from three crossing combinations were conducted to find out the symptom characteristic, development of infections of the disease and resistance response of the progenies against artificial infection of P. viridiflava. The research was conducted under a standard glass house conditions for Phalaenopsis involving 31 individuals from 3 progeny populations, namely P.157, E.2153 and E.2189. The results showed that symptoms were characterized by the lesion of the leaf tissues. On most accessions, the lesion enlarged and foul odor was detected as an indication of the successful establishment of bacterial infection. Based on the disease severity, three accessions (P.157-12, P.157-45, and P.157-71) had the lowest infections and were classified into resistant genotypes. One accession, i.e. P.157-32 was classified as susceptible and the rest 27 accessions were grouped into very susceptible class.
Effects of Ageing on the Bond Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer/Concrete Adhesive Joints: Investigation Using a Modified Double Shear Test
Authors: Quiertant M. , Benzarti K. , Schneider J. , Landrin F. , Landrin M. , Boinski F. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Although externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are now commonly used for the strengthening and repair of reinforced concrete structures, the durability of the adhesive bond at the concrete/composite interface is still a matter of investigation and remains a critical issue to be addressed in order to assess the long-term performance of FRP strengthening methods. The proposed paper aimed at presenting the results of an investigation on the time evolution of the adhesive bond strength of concrete/composite assemblies exposed to accelerated ageing. Such an evolution was studied by performing double lap shear tests at several intermediate periods of ageing up to 1 year, while changes in the mechanical properties of the weakest constitutive materials, namely polymer adhesive and concrete, were investigated by means of tensile and compressive tests, respectively. Considering that an increase in the transfer length of aged samples can counterbalance the ageing-induced degradation of the mechanical properties of the bulk adhesive and can finally lead to an unchanged shear capacity of the joint, a new geometry of double-shear test specimens was proposed. This geometry involved a smaller bonded length and consequently restricted the possible increase in transfer length during ageing. Moreover, their reduced size allows the storage of a large number of samples in standard climatic chambers. A specific anchorage device was designed, so that double lap shear tests could be carried out using a conventional universal testing machine. The obtained results showed that the shear tests based on this original setup are able to reveal the evolutions of both the bond strength and the failure mode of concrete/composite assemblies subjected to various accelerated ageing conditions. These ageing conditions were found to have only slight detrimental effects on the mechanical characteristics of samples, and finally a partial recovery was observed.