bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periodontitis Increases the Risk of a First Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Rydén Lars , Buhlin Kåre , Ekstrand Eva , de Faire Ulf , Gustafsson Anders , Holmer Jacob , Kjellström Barbro , Lindahl Bertil , Norhammar Anna , Nygren Åke , Näsman Per , Rathnayake Nilminie , Svenungsson Elisabet , Klinge Björn 
Published: January 2016

Background—
The relationship between periodontitis (PD) and cardiovascular disease is debated. PD is common in patients with cardiovascular disease. It has been postulated that PD could be causally related to the risk for cardiovascular disease, a hypothesis tested in the Periodontitis and Its Relation to Coronary Artery Disease (PAROKRANK) study.

Methods and Results—

Eight hundred five patients (<75 years of age) with a first myocardial infarction (MI) and 805 age- (mean 62±8), sex- (male 81%), and area-matched controls without MI underwent standardized dental examination including panoramic x-ray. The periodontal status was defined as healthy (≥80% remaining bone) or as mild-moderate (from 79% to 66%) or severe PD (<66%). Great efforts were made to collect information on possibly related confounders (≈100 variables). Statistical comparisons included the Student pairwise
t
test and the McNemar test in 2×2 contingency tables. Contingency tables exceeding 2×2 with ranked alternatives were tested by Wilcoxon signed rank test. Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were calculated by conditional logistic regression. PD was more common (43%) in patients than in controls (33%;
P
<0.001). There was an increased risk for MI among those with PD (odds ratio, 1.49; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–1.83), which remained significant (odds ratio, 1.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.60) after adjusting for variables that differed between patients and controls (smoking habits, diabetes mellitus, years of education, and marital status).

Conclusions—
In this large case–control study of PD, verified by radiographic bone loss and with a careful consideration of potential confounders, the risk of a first MI was significantly increased in patients with PD even after adjustment for confounding factors. These findings strengthen the possibility of an independent relationship between PD and MI.
Steinernema fabii n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from South Africa
Authors: Abate Birhan A. , Malan Antoinette P. , Tiedt Louwrens R. , Wingfield Michael J. , Slippers Bernard , Hurley Brett P. 
Published: January 2016

A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema fabii n. sp., was isolated by trapping with wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae from soil in an Acacia mearnsii plantation in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa. The new species is morphologically characterised by the length of the infective juvenile (IJ) of 641 (590-697) μm, by a tail length of 58 (52-64) μm, ratio a = 24 (21-41), H% = 53 (37-61) and E% = 93 (83-105). The pattern of the lateral field of the IJ of the new species is 2, 5, 2 ridges (3, 6, 3 incisures). The male of the first generation can be recognised by the long spicule of 90 (79-106) μm and gubernaculum of 66 (56-77) μm; D% = 64 (52-75) and GS% = 73 (63-86). The first generation female can be recognised by a protruding vulva with a short, double-flapped epiptygmata, and the lack of a postanal swelling, while the second generation differs in having a postanal swelling and a conical, sharply pointed tail. Analysis of DNA sequences for the ITS and D2-D3 gene regions showed S. fabii n. sp. to differ from all other Steinernema species and to belong to a new monophyletic group, the ‘Cameroonian’ clade, consisting of S. cameroonense, S. nyetense, S. sacchari and S. fabii n. sp., all from the African continent. This group is closely related to species in the feltiae-kraussei-oregonense Clade III.
Low Rates of Revascularization and High In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With Ischemic Lower Limb Amputation
Authors: Malyar Nasser M. , Freisinger Eva , Meyborg Matthias , Lüders Florian , Fürstenberg Torsten , Kröger Knut , Torsello Giovanni , Reinecke Holger 
Published: January 2016

Background: To assess the nationwide contemporary burden of cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, and in-hospital mortality in patients with lower limb amputation (LLA) due to peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia (CLI) in Germany. Methods: German nationwide data for 2005 and 2009 were analyzed regarding in-hospital rates of major and minor ischemic LLA, risk factors, comorbidities, surgical and endovascular revascularizations, and in-hospital mortality. Results: In 2005, a total of 22 479 major (7.8%) and 28 262 minor (9.8%) LLAs were performed with a relative decrease of −21.8% in major LLA, yet with a relative increase of +2% in minor LLA rate in 2009. The overall revascularization rate before amputation was 46% in 2005 and 57% in 2009. In-hospital mortality for non-CLI, minor, and major amputees was 3.3%, 4.6%, and 19.8%, respectively ( P < .001 for major vs minor LLA and non-CLI). Conclusion: The total number of ischemic LLA and amputation-related in-hospital mortality remains high in Germany in the 21st century. The poor outcome of patients with CLI might in part be due to underuse of revascularizations prior to amputation.
How common is bipolar disorder in general primary care attendees? A systematic review and meta-analysis investigating prevalence determined according to structured clinical assessments
Authors: Stubbs Brendon , Vancampfort Davy , Solmi Marco , Veronese Nicola , Fornaro Michele 
Published: January 2016

Objective: There are mounting calls for bipolar disorder to be managed in primary care, yet the exact prevalence remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence of bipolar disorder in general primary care attendees without other comorbid psychiatric diagnosis. Method: We systematically searched major electronic databases from inception till 03/2015. Articles were included that reported the prevalence of bipolar disorder determined in line with structured clinical assessment in primary care settings. Two independent authors conducted searches, completed methodological appraisal and extracted data. A random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed. Results: Sixteen studies were included accounting for 425,691 participants (mean age = 41.1 years [standard deviation = 7.2 years] 33.3% males). Overall, the global prevalence of bipolar disorder was 1.9% (95% confidence interval = [0.6, 5.4]). The prevalence of bipolar disorder in studies recording a current diagnosis was 3.7% (95% confidence interval = [1.9, 6.0]) and 0.7% (95% confidence interval = [0.2, 1.5]) in studies considering a 12-month period. A diagnosis of bipolar disorder appeared higher in North America (3.7%, 95% confidence interval = [0.9, 8.1]) compared to Europe (0.8%, 95% confidence interval = [0.3, 1.5]). Meta-regression suggests that a more recent publication date (co-efficient = 0.089, 95% confidence interval = [0.0173, 0.1654], z = 2.19, p = 0.01, R2 = 0.21) and younger age of participants (co-efficient −0.0851, 95% confidence interval = [−0.1696, 0.005], z = −1.97, p = 0.04, R2 = 0.24) moderated a higher prevalence of bipolar disorder. Conclusion: The global prevalence of bipolar disorder in primary care is 1.9%, with potentially higher prevalence rates in North America compared to Europe. A more recent study publication date is a significant predictor of higher prevalence of bipolar disorder. Potential reasons/drivers of this are considered within the text.
Cultural Influences in Women-Friendly Labor-Saving Hand Tool Designs
Authors: Kisaalita William S. , Katimbo Abia , Sempiira Edison J. , Mugisa Dana J. 
Published: January 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to highlight the importance of culture in sustainable, labor-saving solutions design for women in low-resource settings. Background: One of the reasons behind the gender asset gap among Sub-Saharan African women is the higher labor burden these women face, making it difficult for them to produce for the home and markets. Hand tools are the simplest form and therefore the best first step to address this problem. But designing women-friendly (sustainable) hand tools calls for better understanding of the low-resource settings where these women reside. Method: A milk churner was redesigned using a human-centered (participatory) approach with groups of women from two dominant ethnolinguistic groups of Bantu and Nilotic of Uganda, and its usability was tested. Results: The churner reduced labor up to eightfold and has potential to expand the range of uses to include children and husbands due to its simplicity. Also, the churner significantly reduced undesirable health effects, like pain in knee joints. Based on the experience with the churner, a six-item “survival guide” is proposed to complement human-centered design guiding principles for facilitating the generation of solutions in low-resource settings. Conclusion: By paying great attention to culture in relation to human factors, a labor-reducing churner has been successfully introduced among Ugandan women. The ultimate goal is to make the churner available to female smallholder dairy-farming households throughout Sub-Saharan Africa. Applications: This study provides a survival guide for generating solutions to problems from low-resource settings.
The Bolsa Família Program
Authors: Lavergne Rémi Fernand , Beserra Bernadete 
Published: January 2016

The Bolsa Família Program is the flagship of Brazil’s targeted public policies. It exemplifies a particular approach to the public management of alterity, an approach that reveals a state more preoccupied with rationalizing public expenditures and building social peace than with policies oriented toward income distribution, democratization, and the expansion of social rights. The program is a form of biopolitics, inscribed in a framework aimed at the normalization, regimentation, and control of the population that receives the benefit. Lifelong social assistance and education are important instruments of subjectivation and the production of subjectivities with an eye to influencing the conduct of indigent and marginalized populations. The goal is to influence the conduct of indigent and marginalized populations and, in a movement quite the reverse of the touted “inclusion,” to separate them more and more from the citizenship that the program advertises and promises. Líder das políticas públicas focalizadas no Brasil, o Programa Bolsa Família exemplifica uma forma de gestão pública da alteridade que revela um Estado mais preocupado com as questões de racionalização dos gastos públicos e construção da paz social do que com uma política de distribuição de renda, democratização e expansão dos direitos sociais. Esse programa remete a uma forma de biopolítica e inscreve-se numa perspectiva de normalização, regulamentação e controle das populações beneficiárias. A assistência social e a educação por toda a vida constituem importantes instrumentos na produção de subjetividades com vistas a influenciar a conduta das populações indigentes e marginalizadase, ao contrário da propagada “inclusão”, distanciá-las cada vez mais da cidadania que o próprio programa anuncia.
Development Models for the Brazilian Countryside
Authors: Fernandes Bernardo Mançano 
Published: January 2016

Problems of land use and ownership result from the inequalities caused by the hegemonic form of capitalism, agribusiness. A possible alternative model has yet to be worked out, and there is a fundamental need to reflect on the struggle against the hegemony of capitalism and how to safeguard the interests of the peasantry. From this perspective, the agrarian question should be considered as a conflict between those favoring the interests of the peasantry and family farming and those favoring agribusiness. A paradigmatic debate about the roles of the Brazilian state, agribusiness, and the peasant movements in formulating public policy shows that the potential for the peasantry to grow food is threatened by the concentration of power, landownership, capital, technology, and wealth. Unless there is a change in the development model, the prospect is increasing inequality. The experiment with having two government ministries for agriculture is an important step in the shaping of policies to support family farming. Os problemas com uso e propriedade da terra são resultados das desigualdades causadas pelo modelo capitalista hegemônico denominado agronegócio. Um possível modelo alternativo está sendo gestado e há necessidade de refletir sobre a luta contra a hegemonia do capitalismo e como salvaguardar os interesses dos camponeses. A partir desta perspectiva, a questão agrária deve ser considerada como conflitualidade permanente entre os interesses dos camponeses ou agricultura familiar e os interesses do agronegócio. O debate paradigmático contribui para compreender o papel do Estado brasileiro, do agronegócio e dos movimentos camponeses na formulação de políticas públicas. Também mostra que as possibilidades de criação de um modelo de desenvolvimento do campesinato está ameaçado pela concentração de poder, propriedade da terra, capital, tecnologia e riqueza nas mãos do agronegócio. Se não houver uma mudança com a criação de um modelo de desenvolvimento voltado aos interesses da agricultura camponesa, a perspectiva é de aumento da desigualdade. A experiência de ter dois ministérios para a agricultura é condição fundamental na definição de políticas de apoio à agricultura camponesa e familiar.
Relationship Between Health Literacy and Unintentional and Intentional Medication Nonadherence in Medically Underserved Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Fan Jessica H. , Lyons Sarah A. , Goodman Melody S. , Blanchard Melvin S. , Kaphingst Kimberly A. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between health literacy and overall medication nonadherence, unintentional nonadherence, and intentional nonadherence. Limited health literacy may be associated with worse diabetes outcomes, but the literature shows mixed results, and mechanisms remain unclear. Medication adherence is associated with diabetes outcomes and may be a mediating factor. Distinguishing between unintentional and intentional nonadherence may elucidate the relationship between health literacy and nonadherence in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Cross-sectional study of 208 patients with type 2 diabetes recruited from a primary care clinic in St. Louis, Missouri. Information was obtained from written questionnaire and patient medical records. Bivariate and multivariable regression were used to examine predictors of medication nonadherence. Results The majority of patients in the study were low income, publicly insured, and African American, with limited health literacy and a high school/GED education or less. In multivariable models, limited health literacy was significantly associated with increased unintentional nonadherence but not intentional nonadherence. Conclusions Results suggest differences in factors affecting intentional and unintentional nonadherence. The findings also suggest interventions are needed to decrease unintentional nonadherence among patients with type 2 diabetes and limited health literacy. Efforts to address unintentional medication nonadherence among patients with type 2 diabetes with limited health literacy may improve patient health.
Emphysematous lungs do not affect visibility of virtual-assisted lung mapping
Authors: Yamanashi Keiji , Sato Masaaki , Marumo Satoshi , Fukui Takamasa , Sumitomo Ryota , Shoji Tsuyoshi , Otake Yosuke , Katayama Toshiro , Huang Cheng-Long 
Published: January 2016

Background It has recently been suggested that virtual-assisted lung mapping may enable safer and more reliable intraoperative navigation compared to conventional preoperative lung marking strategies. This study aimed to examine the relationship between emphysematous lungs and the intraoperative visibility of virtual-assisted lung mapping markings. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 21 patients who underwent virtual-assisted lung mapping followed by lung resection between October 2013 and May 2015. The visibility of the intraoperative lung markings was graded. The degree of pulmonary emphysema was assessed by the percentage of low attenuation area on computed tomography. We elucidated the associations between the marking grade and other factors such as patient age or sex, pulmonary lobe mapped, marking operator, Brinkman index, and percentage of low attenuation area of the pulmonary lobe. Results In Spearman rank correlation analysis, there was no correlation between the Brinkman index and the percentage of low attenuation area ( n = 26, r = −0.016, p = 0.937). In stepwise multivariate regression analysis, the marking grade correlated with the marking operator ( p < 0.001) and the Brinkman index ( p = 0.008), but not with patient age or sex, the pulmonary lobe mapped, or degree of pulmonary emphysema. Conclusion The skill of the marking operator and the patient’s smoking history had significant effects on the intraoperative visibility of markings made by virtual-assisted lung mapping, whereas emphysematous lungs did not affect the intraoperative visibility of lung markings.
The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System: Poor performance as screener for major depression in patients with incurable cancer
Authors: Brenne Elisabeth , Loge Jon H , Lie Hanne , Hjermstad Marianne J , Fayers Peter M , Kaasa Stein ,   on behalf of the European Palliative Care Research Collaborative (EPCRC)
Published: January 2016

Background: Depressive symptoms are prevalent in patients with advanced cancer, sometimes of a severity that fulfil the criteria for a major depressive episode. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate how the item on depression in the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System with a 0–10 Numerical Rating Scale performed as a screener for major depressive episode. A possible improved performance by adding the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Anxiety item was also examined. Design: An international cross-sectional study including patients with incurable cancer was conducted. The Edmonton Symptom Assessment System score was compared against major depressive episode as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Screening performance was examined by sensitivity, specificity and the kappa coefficient. Setting: Patients with incurable cancer ( n = 969), median age 63 years and from eight nationalities provided report. Median Karnofsky Performance Status was 70. Median survival was 229 days (205–255 days). Results: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 major depressive episode was present in 133 of 969 patients (13.7%). Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Depression screening ability for Patient Health Questionnaire-9 major depressive episode was limited. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.71 (0.66–0.76). Valid detection or exclusion of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 major depressive episode could not be concluded at any Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Depression cut-off; by the cut-off Numerical Rating Scale ⩾ 2, sensitivity was 0.69 and specificity was 0.60. By the cut-off Numerical Rating Scale ⩾ 4, sensitivity was 0.51 and specificity was 0.82. Combined mean ratings by Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Depression and Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-Anxiety revealed similar limited screening ability. Conclusion: The depression and anxiety items of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System, a frequently used assessment tool in palliative care settings, seem to measure a construct other than major depressive episode as assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 instrument.
Community occupational therapy for people with dementia and their family carers: A national survey of United Kingdom occupational therapy practice
Authors: Swinson Tom , Wenborn Jennifer , Hynes Sinéad , Orrell Martin , Stansfeld Jacki , Rooks Sally , Ledgerd Ritchard 
Published: January 2016

Introduction A national survey was conducted with United Kingdom (UK) occupational therapists to scope occupational therapy service provision for people with dementia and their family carers in the community. Method This was an online questionnaire with topics on occupational therapists’ roles, service provision, referral, assistive technology and assessment tools. Recruitment was through direct invitation, and promotion via occupational therapy networks, websites and newsletters. Results A total of 197 responded. Occupational therapy referrals most commonly came from the multidisciplinary team. Over half primarily undertook profession-specific work, with occupational therapy assessments the most common profession-specific task. Two-thirds of referrals for initial assessments were for people with mild-to-moderate dementia. A median of 2.5 hours for assessment/intervention was spent for each person with dementia. Almost two-thirds used the Model of Human Occupation Screening Tool. Most could prescribe personal activities of daily living equipment and Telecare, with few able to prescribe equipment for reminiscence or leisure. Conclusion This national survey increases knowledge of UK community occupational therapy practice and service provision for people with dementia and their family carers. It informs occupational therapists about national trends within this practice area, and development of the community occupational therapy intervention (COTiD-UK) as part of the Valuing Active Life in Dementia research programme.
Early-onset familial hemiplegic migraine due to a novel SCN1A mutation
Authors: Fan Chunxiang , Wolking Stefan , Lehmann-Horn Frank , Hedrich Ulrike BS , Freilinger Tobias , Lerche Holger , Borck Guntram , Kubisch Christian , Jurkat-Rott Karin 
Published: January 2016

Introduction Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) is a rare autosomal dominant subtype of migraine with aura. The FHM3 subtype is caused by mutations in SCN1A, which is also the most frequent epilepsy gene encoding the voltage-gated Na+ channel NaV1.1. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical, genetic and pathogenetic features of a pure FHM3 family. Methods A three-generation family was enrolled in this study for genetic testing and assessment of clinical features. Whole cell patch-clamp was performed to determine the functions of identified mutant NaV1.1 channels, which were transiently expressed in human tsA201 cells together with β1 and β2 subunits. Results and conclusions We identified a novel SCN1A (p.Leu1624Pro) mutation in a pure FHM family with notably early-onset attacks at mean age of 7. L1624P locates in S3 of domain IV, the same domain as two of four known pure FHM3 mutations. Compared to WT channels, L1624P displayed an increased threshold-near persistent current in addition to other gain-of-function features such as: a slowing of fast inactivation, a positive shift in steady-state inactivation, a faster recovery and higher channel availability during repetitive stimulation. Similar to the known FHM3 mutations, this novel mutation predicts hyperexcitability of GABAergic inhibitory neurons.