bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hospital to community in Wales: What is the value of optometrists playing a greater role in managing neovascular AMD and glaucoma in primary care?
Authors: Ryan Barbara , Jones Mari , Anderson Pippa , Reynolds Rhiannon , Nicholls Rebecca E. M. , Cullen Katherine , Davies Mark , North Rachel , Molik Bablin , Wallace Carolyn 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the value of enhanced optometric services for managing neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) and glaucoma in primary care optometry services, instead of hospital eye services (HES).MethodsSeven enhanced optometric service pathways in primary care in Wales were assessed with a mixed‐methods approach: three for nAMD and four for glaucoma. The methods were a patient‐related experience measure (PREM), a Realist Review and Evaluation involving both patients and staff, a discrete event simulation model estimating the economic impact of the pathways and a workforce survey of optometrists to gauge capability and capacity.ResultsPatient‐related experience measure responses (802) indicated that primary care experience was comparable to that of HES. Utilising enhanced optometric services in primary care resulted in reduced wait times compared with HES, with suspected nAMD shortened to 4–5 days and glaucoma monitoring to 5 days. Waiting lists were dramatically reduced with primary care‐based services to just three people waiting for nAMD and five for glaucoma, compared with 216 and 5691 people, respectively, in HES. Consultant ophthalmologist time was reduced from 57% to 15%–16% for nAMD services and from 48% to 22%–23% for glaucoma services. Integrating enhanced optometric services into primary care incurred a similar cost. The workforce survey confirms that optometrists possess the skills and qualifications and are willing to deliver these enhanced optometric services. The Realist Review and Evaluation revealed that clear patient communication, effective coordination and strong interprofessional communication between optometrists and ophthalmologists along with a shared electronic record are crucial to the success of this change.ConclusionProviding enhanced optometric services in primary care for nAMD and glaucoma brings substantial benefits for the UK National Health Service and patients, including reduced waiting times, waiting lists and released HES capacity. The success of this transition hinges on clear patient communication, administrative co‐ordination and effective interprofessional communication.
PAM‐relaxed and temperature‐tolerant CRISPR‐Mb3Cas12a single transcript unit systems for efficient singular and multiplexed genome editing in rice, maize, and tomato
Authors: Liu Shishi , He Yao , Fan Tingting , Zhu Meirui , Qi Caiyan , Ma Yanqin , Yang Mengqiao , Yang Liang , Tang Xu , Zhou Jianping , Zhong Zhaohui , An Xueli , Qi Yiping , Zhang Yong 
Published: October 2024

SummaryClass 2 Type V‐A CRISPR‐Cas (Cas12a) nucleases are powerful genome editing tools, particularly effective in A/T‐rich genomic regions, complementing the widely used CRISPR‐Cas9 in plants. To enhance the utility of Cas12a, we investigate three Cas12a orthologs—Mb3Cas12a, PrCas12a, and HkCas12a—in plants. Protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) requirements, editing efficiencies, and editing profiles are compared in rice. Among these orthologs, Mb3Cas12a exhibits high editing efficiency at target sites with a simpler, relaxed TTV PAM which is less restrictive than the canonical TTTV PAM of LbCas12a and AsCas12a. To optimize Mb3Cas12a, we develop an efficient single transcription unit (STU) system by refining the linker between Mb3Cas12a and CRISPR RNA (crRNA), nuclear localization signal (NLS), and direct repeat (DR). This optimized system enables precise genome editing in rice, particularly for fine‐tuning target gene expression by editing promoter regions. Further, we introduced Arginine (R) substitutions at Aspartic acid (D) 172, Asparagine (N) 573, and Lysine (K) 579 of Mb3Cas12a, creating two temperature‐tolerant variants: Mb3Cas12a‐R (D172R) and Mb3Cas12a‐RRR (D172R/N573R/K579R). These variants demonstrate significantly improved editing efficiency at lower temperatures (22 °C and 28 °C) in rice cells, with Mb3Cas12a‐RRR showing the best performance. We extend this approach by developing efficient Mb3Cas12a‐RRR STU systems in maize and tomato, achieving biallelic mutants targeting single or multiple genes in T0 lines cultivated at 28 °C and 25 °C, respectively. This study significantly expands Cas12a's targeting capabilities in plant genome editing, providing valuable tools for future research and practical applications.
Revisiting Unaddressed Safety Concerns Regarding Intense Pulsed Light Treatment: Past and Present Perspectives
Authors: Lin Mao‐Ying , Wong Tak‐Wah , Lin Chrang‐Shi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe light spectrum of intense pulsed light (IPL) comprises visible to near‐infrared light. It has been widely employed in the field of aesthetics for approximately 30 years. However, several studies have demonstrated the appearance of various undesirable biomarkers on the skin after IPL irradiation, which remain elucidated.MethodsWe reviewed the evolving concepts and explored the potentially harmful effects of IPL that may have been neglected in the past.ResultsIncreased levels of reactive oxidative stress, p53, p16, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, interleukin‐6, C‐reactive protein, and cleaved caspase 3 and decreased albumin levels in human or mouse skin have been observed after IPL treatment. Visible and infrared light can exert harmful and beneficial effects on human skin.ConclusionIf perform improperly, IPL treatment may lead to cellular senescence, photoaging, photocarcinogenesis, thermal aging, and inflammaging. Further studies are required to verify the significance of the changes in the relevant biomarkers. The selection of treatment candidates, optimal parameters, and standardized protocols for IPL therapy are necessary.
The Abraham Accord and the Middle Eastern QUAD: Pakistan's energy security eclipse and the way forward
Authors: Hussain Mehmood , Naqvi Syed Inam Ali , Hameed Shahid 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article traces the impacts of the Abraham Accord and Middle Eastern QUAD on Pakistan's energy security. It asks how and to what extent the Abraham Accord and Middle Eastern QUAD can potentially jeopardize Pakistan's energy security and evaluates the way forward for Pakistan to counter security threats. The study contends the Abraham Accord and Middle Eastern QUAD have extended the influence of India and Israel from the Middle East to the Indian Ocean, thereby increasing the risk to Pakistan's energy supplies. Meanwhile, expanded and intensified securitization of the Strait of Hormuz has likewise increased the vulnerability of energy supplies from the Middle East. Pakistan imports 72% of its energy from the Middle East via the Strait of Hormuz, and any disruption in energy supplies or blockade of maritime routes would severely undermine Pakistan's socioeconomic and political stability. Pakistan, we argue, must therefore diversify its energy imports from Russia, Central Asia, and Iran to safeguard its energy interests.Related ArticlesHussain, Mehmood, Ahmed Bux Jamali, Rana Danish Nisar, and Abdulfattah Omar. 2024. “The China–Iran Strategic Deal and CPEC: Navigating the Influence of Pragmatic Balancing in China's Relations with Iran and Pakistan.” Politics & Policy 52(1): 227–44. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12573.Lazin, Fred A. 2023. “President Donald Trump's Abraham Accords initiative: Prospects for Israel, the Arab states, and Palestinians.” Politics & Policy 51(3): 476–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12533.Thornton, William H., and Songok Han Thornton. 2024. “Extended Commentary—U.S.‐Asian Policy in the Throes of McCarthyism, Old and New.” Politics & Policy 52(4): 854–73. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12604.
Elections, coalitions, and the politics of Brazil's macroeconomic stabilization
Authors: Alves Daniel H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAfter several failed attempts in previous years, Brazil's Plano Real finally ended hyperinflation in 1993–1994, and a significant driver of inequality and poverty was eliminated as a result. By combining data from Congress and newspaper archives, 17 interviews, and secondary sources, this article takes a qualitative approach to explore the notion that increased electoral competition and effective coalition management enabled price stabilization. Fernando Henrique Cardoso (PSDB), the economy minister leading the plan and the winner of the 1994 presidential election, campaigned as the anti‐inflation candidate, promising newly enfranchised low‐income voters that reining in prices would boost their earnings. Meanwhile, the minoritarian executive took advantage of coalitional tools to cultivate legislative alliances and approve the plan's measures. For analytical generalization, a potential model is proposed for further investigations on the relationship between competitive elections, cross‐party cooperation, and price stability in nine other country cases within and outside Latin America.Related ArticlesAdegboye, Alex, Kofo Adegboye, Uwalomwa Uwuigbe, Stephen Ojeka, and Eyitemi Fasanu. 2023. “Taxation, Democracy, and Inequality in Sub‐Saharan Africa: Relevant Linkages for Sustainable Development Goals.” Politics & Policy 51(4): 696–722. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12547.Segatto, Catarina Ianni, and Daniel Béland. 2018. “The Limits of Partisanship: Federalism, the Role of Bureaucrats, and the Path to Universal Health Care Coverage in Brazil.” Politics & Policy 46(3): 416–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12252.Zimerman, Artur, and Flávio Pinheiro. 2020. “Appearances Can be Deceptive: Political Polarisation, Agrarian Policy, and Coalitional Presidentialism in Brazil.” Politics & Policy 48(2): 339–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12345.
Mnemonic labor and the construction of civil service at the National Mall and Memorial Parks
Authors: Gray Dylan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite long‐standing recognition in collective memory scholarship that commemorative sites are places of deep cultural meaning, fieldwork evidence collected at the National Mall and Memorial Parks in Washington, DC, suggests that visitors primarily engaged with mnemonic resources in a superficial fashion. This paper explores how interpretive park rangers, who are tasked with engaging the public to discuss the nation's history, nevertheless strived to deliver informational, interpretive services to the visiting public. Findings show that rangers, conceptualized in this paper as street‐level bureaucrats, developed roles and routine lines of action that hinged on how they imagined and constructed their audiences. This paper demonstrates how street‐level bureaucrats variably conceive of their clients at the pre‐interactional stage, thus identifying an underexplored dimension of discretion in frontline service work. Additionally, this paper contributes to collective memory research by contextualizing mnemonic deliberation within contexts of mnemonic agents' workplace dynamics, showing how organizational expectations shape discourses of difficult, contentious histories.
Acyl‐turnover of acylplastoquinol enhances recovery of photodamaged PSII in Synechocystis
Authors: Jimbo Haruhiko , Torii Mana , Fujino Yuichiro , Tanase Yoshiki , Kurima Kazuki , Sato Naoki , Wada Hajime 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYPhotosynthetic electron transport is carried out by the electron carrier, plastoquinone (PQ). Recently, another form of PQ, acylplastoquinol (APQ), was discovered in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (Synechocystis), but its physiological function in photosynthesis is unclear. In the present study, we identified a lipase encoded in sll0482 gene in Synechocystis that deacylates APQ and releases a free fatty acid and a reduced PQ (plastoquinol, PQH2), which we named acylplastoquinol lipase (APL). Disruption of apl gene increased APQ content, and recovery of photodamaged PSII under low light (LL) after the exposure to very high light (vHL) at 2500 μmol photons m−2 sec−1 without aeration (vHL) for 60 min, was suppressed in the Δapl cells. Δapl cells also show the slow rate of de novo synthesis of D1, a reaction center of PSII under such condition. Under high light, the cellular growth of Δapl was inhibited; however, disruption of apl gene did not affect the photosynthetic activity or photoinhibition of PSII. In wild‐type cells, APQ content increased under vHL condition. Also, APQ was converted to PQH2 after transfer to LL with aeration by ambient air. Such striking changes in APQ were not observed in Δapl cells. The deacylation of APQ by APL may help repair PSII when PSII cannot drive photosynthetic electron transport efficiently.
Calabi–Yau structures on Rabinowitz Fukaya categories
Authors: Bae Hanwool , Jeong Wonbo , Kim Jongmyeong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we prove that the derived Rabinowitz Fukaya category of a Liouville domain of dimension is ‐Calabi–Yau, assuming that the wrapped Fukaya category of admits an at most countable set of Lagrangians that generate it and satisfy some finiteness condition on morphism spaces between them.
Short QT intervals in African lions
Authors: Scharling Frederik S. , Sandgreen Ditte‐Mari , Stagegaard Julia , Elbrønd Vibeke S. , Vincenti Stefano , Isaksen Jonas L. , Wang Tobias , Wilson Rory P. , Gunner Richard , Marks Nikki , Bell Stephen H. , van Rooyen Martin C. , Bennett Nigel C. , Hart Daniel W. , Daly Angela C. , Bertelsen Mads F. , Scantlebury D. Michael , Calloe Kirstine , Thomsen Morten B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe cardiac conduction system in large carnivores, such as the African lion (Panthera leo), represents a significant knowledge gap in both veterinary science and in cardiac electrophysiology. Short QT intervals have been reported from zoo‐kept, anaesthetized lions, and our goal was to record the first ECGs from wild, conscious lions roaming freely, and compare them to zoo‐kept lions under the hypothesis that short QT is unique to zoo‐kept lions. Macroscopic and histological examinations were performed on heart tissue removed from nine healthy zoo lions. ECGs were recorded from the nine anaesthetized zoo‐kept lions, and from 15 anaesthetized and conscious wild lions in Africa. Our histological and topographical description of the lion's heart matched what has previously been published. In conscious lions, the ECG recordings revealed a mean heart rate of 70 ± 4 beats/min, with faster heart rates during the night. PQ and QT intervals were heart rate dependent in the conscious lions. Interestingly, QT intervals recorded in wild lions were markedly longer than QT intervals from zoo lions (398 ± 40 vs. 297 ± 9 ms, respectively; P < 0.0001). Anaesthesia or heart rate did not account for this difference. We provide a comprehensive description of the cardiac anatomy and electrophysiology of wild and zoo‐kept lions. QT intervals were significantly shorter in zoo lions, suggesting functional disparities in cardiac electrophysiology between wild and zoo‐kept lions, potentially related to physical fitness. These findings underscore the plasticity of cardiac electrophysiology and may be of value when reintroducing endangered species into the wild and when managing lions in human care.
A simulation study on the role of mitochondria‐sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ interaction in cardiomyocyte energetics during exercise
Authors: Takeuchi Ayako , Matsuoka Satoshi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrevious studies demonstrated that the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter MCU and the Na+‐Ca2+ exchanger NCLX exist in proximity to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ryanodine receptor RyR and the Ca2+ pump SERCA, respectively, creating a mitochondria‐SR Ca2+ interaction. However, the physiological relevance of the mitochondria‐SR Ca2+ interaction has remained unsolved. Furthermore, although mitochondrial Ca2+ has been proposed to be an important factor regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism, by activating NADH‐producing dehydrogenases, the contribution of the Ca2+‐dependent regulatory mechanisms to cellular functions under physiological conditions has been controversial. In this study, we constructed a new integrated model of human ventricular myocyte with excitation‐contraction‐energetics coupling and investigated systematically the contribution of mitochondria‐SR Ca2+ interaction, especially focusing on cardiac energetics during dynamic workload transitions in exercise. Simulation analyses revealed that the spatial coupling of mitochondria and SR, particularly via mitochondrial Ca2+ uniport activity‐RyR, was the primary determinant of mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration, and that the Ca2+‐dependent regulatory mechanism facilitated mitochondrial NADH recovery during exercise and contributed to the stability of NADH in the workload transition by about 40%, while oxygen consumption rate and cytoplasmic ATP level were not influenced. We concluded that the mitochondria‐SR Ca2+ interaction, created via the uneven distribution of Ca2+ handling proteins, optimizes the contribution of the mitochondrial Ca2+‐dependent regulatory mechanism to stabilizing NADH during exercise.
imageKey points
The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter protein MCU and the Na+‐Ca2+ exchanger protein NCLX are reported to exist in proximity to the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ryanodine receptor RyR and the Ca2+ pump SERCA, respectively, creating a mitochondria‐SR Ca2+ interaction in cardiomyocytes.
Mitochondrial Ca2+ (Ca2+mit) has been proposed to be an important factor regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism, by activating NADH‐producing dehydrogenases.
Here we constructed an integrated model of a human ventricular myocyte with excitation‐contraction‐energetics coupling and investigated the role of the mitochondria‐SR Ca2+ interaction in cardiac energetics during exercise.
Simulation analyses revealed that the spatial coupling particularly via mitochondrial Ca2+ uniport activity‐RyR is the primary determinant of Ca2+mit concentration, and that the activation of NADH‐producing dehydrogenases by Ca2+mit contributes to NADH stability during exercise.
The mitochondria‐SR Ca2+ interaction optimizes the contribution of Ca2+mit to the activation of NADH‐producing dehydrogenases.
Resistance artery vasodilator pathways involved in the antihypertensive effects of cocoa shell extract in rats exposed to fetal undernutrition
Authors: Ruvira Santiago , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Pilar , Abderrahim Fatima , Morales Dolores , Cañas Silvia , Valdivieso Alberto , Ramiro‐Cortijo David , Arribas Silvia M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFetal undernutrition establishes the foundations for hypertension development, with oxidative stress being a key hallmark. A growing interest in nutraceuticals for treating hypertension and environmental waste concerns prompted the present study aiming to evaluate whether supplementation with a polyphenol enriched extract from cocoa shell (CSE), a by‐product from the chocolate industry with antioxidant properties, reduces hypertension of developmental origin, thus improving mesenteric resistance artery (MRA) vasodilatation. Adult male and female offspring from rats exposed to 50% food restriction from mid‐gestation (maternal undernutrition, MUN) and controls were used. Supplementation was given through a gelatine (vehicle, VEH) or containing CSE (250 mg kg−1 day−1) 5 days week−1for 3 weeks. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was assessed by tail‐cuff plethysmography. MRA function was studied by wire myography, and superoxide anion and nitric oxide were investigated by fluorescent indicators and confocal microscopy. Compared to control‐VEH, MUN‐VEH males showed significantly higher SBP, reduced MRA as well as relaxation to ACh, sodium nitroprusside and the AMPK agonist 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide riboside, but not to isoproterenol. In MUN males, endothelial endothelium‐derived hyperpolarizing factor and nitric oxide were unaltered, but MRA released a vasoconstrictor prostanoid and produced higher levels of superoxide anion. CSE normalized blood pressure and improved all above‐mentioned MRA alterations in MUN males without an effect on control counterparts, except the reduction of superoxide anion. MUN‐VEH females were normotensive and only showed a tendency towards larger superoxide anion production, which was abolished by CSE. CSE supplementation reduces SBP improving endothelium‐dependent and independent MRA vasodilatation, related to local superoxide anion reduction, being a potential nutraceutical ingredient to counteract hypertension, in addition to contributing to the circular economy.imageKey pointsFetal undernutrition induces hypertension in males associated with deficient resistance artery vasodilatation, being normalized by cocoa shell extract (CSE).Release of a cyclooxygenase‐derived contractile factor is the main endothelial alteration, which is abolished by CSE.AMPK and soluble guanylyl cyclase‐mediated relaxation are also reduced in smooth muscle cells from maternal undernutrition resistance arteries, being improved by CSE.Vascular oxidative damage caused by excess superoxide anion generation can account for impaired vasodilatation, which is improved by CSE.The capacity of CSE to improve relaxation is probably related to its antioxidant bioactive factors, and thus cocoa shell is a potential food by‐product to treat hypertension.
Assessment of the quality and content of clinical practice guidelines for vitamin D and for immigrants using the AGREE II instrument: global systematic review
Authors: Yousef Said , Hayawi Lamia , Hossain Alomgir , Nahar Nazmun , Manuel Doug , Colman Ian , Papadimitropoulos Emmanuel , Faris MoezAlIslam E , Abdelrazeq Leenah , Wells George A 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundWorldwide, more immigrants experience vitamin D (vitD) deficiency than non-immigrants. Recommendations in current clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) concerning vitD are inadequate to address vitD deficiency among immigrants, and there are concerns regarding the quality of guidance in these CPGs.ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify and evaluate the quality of published CPGs addressing vitD and immigrants’ health using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation-II (AGREE II) tool and clarify the recommendations pertaining to vitD and immigrant populations in these CPGs.MethodsWe performed a systematic search to identify the most recent CPGs across various databases (Ovid MEDLINE ALL, Embase and Turning Research Into Practice), guideline repositories and grey literature. Two reviewers independently conducted study selection and data abstraction and evaluated the quality of the included guidelines using the AGREE II tool.ResultsWe identified 25 relevant CPGs; 21 focused on vitD and 4 covered immigrants’ health. Around one-quarter of the included CPGs were high quality (≥60% in at least four of the six domains, including ‘rigour of development’). The highest mean scores among the six AGREE II domains were for ‘clarity of presentation’ and ‘scope and purpose’. About 4.8% (1/21) of the CPGs on vitD had immigrant-related recommendations. VitD recommendations were emphasised in one out of the four immigrant health CPGs (25%). CPGs covering immigrants’ health and vitD were inadequately systematically appraised. Moreover, recommendations regarding vitD were insufficient to address the growing epidemic of vitD deficiency among immigrant populations.ConclusionThe insufficient recommendations for vitD fail to address the rising vitD deficiency among immigrants, highlighting a critical gap in healthcare provisions. Urgent national and international efforts are needed to develop comprehensive CPGs, bridging research, policy and practice disparities. Future guidelines must prioritise routine vitD screening, supplementation protocols for vulnerable immigrant groups, and culturally appropriate interventions to improve health outcomes for immigrants globally.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021240562.