bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model explaining the matrilateral bias in alloparental investment
Authors: Perry Gretchen , Daly Martin 
Published: August 2017

SignificanceParents raising children rely heavily on related helpers (“alloparents”), who are mainly the mother’s kin rather than the father’s. This “matrilateral bias” is cross-culturally ubiquitous and requires explanation. The dominant evolutionary view is that it serves as a defense against investing resources in unrelated children whose paternity has been misattributed. The evolutionary model proposed here includes paternity uncertainty as one component of the explanation, but adds additional elements derived from the insight that alloparenting constitutes an investment in the mother as well as in her children, raising her subsequent capacity to invest in other relatives. This model lays a foundation for future research on how the receipt of alloparental help changes the lives of mothers.
Friction law and hysteresis in granular materials
Authors: DeGiuli E. , Wyart M. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
The macroscopic friction of particulate materials often weakens as flow rate is increased. This property is responsible for important intermittent phenomena in geophysics, including earthquakes and landslides. However, it is not understood even in simple granular materials, where it is responsible for hysteresis of the angle of repose. Here we argue that, for aerial granular flows, velocity weakening is an emergent collective property induced by endogenous mechanical noise. Our theory rationalizes previously unexplained observations, and generates experimentally testable predictions. At a microscopic level, it predicts that several microscopic quantities do not have a hard-particle limit, and characterizes their scaling behavior near jamming, which we confirm numerically.
Neoliberal democratisation, colonial legacies and the rise of the non-state provision of social welfare in West Africa
Authors: MacLean Lauren M. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
This article explores the rise of the non-state provision of social welfare in West Africa. Over the past three decades, a range of non-state actors, including secular non-governmental organisations, faith-based organisations, for-profit businesses and informal networks have provided access to basic social services such as education and health care even more extensively than states. The article asks: why has the number of non-state providers increased so markedly across Africa, and why do the predominant types of non-state providers vary in different countries? The author argues that neoliberal democratisation during the 1980s and 1990s created new opportunities and spaces for non-state providers. Yet, an analysis of Ghana, Côte d’Ivoire and Liberia shows that colonial legacies have mediated the numbers and types of non-state actors on the ground. The conclusion highlights how this growth in non-state provision has significant negative consequences for citizens’ ability to obtain equitable access to and accountability for social welfare services.
Nasunin inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory mediator production in RAW264 mouse macrophages by suppressing ROS-mediated activation of PI3 K/Akt/NF-κB and p38 signaling pathways
Authors: Komatsu Wataru , Itoh Kazuko , Akutsu Satomi , Kishi Hisashi , Ohhira Shuji 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Nasunin is a major anthocyanin in eggplant peel. The purpose of this study was to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of nasunin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264 macrophages and to identify the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. We found that nasunin reduced the LPS-induced secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and nitric oxide, and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in a dose-dependent manner. Nasunin diminished LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation by suppressing the degradation of inhibitor of κB-α and nuclear translocation of p65 subunit of NF-κB. Nasunin also attenuated the phosphorylation of Akt and p38, signaling molecules involved in pro-inflammatory mediator production. Moreover, nasunin inhibited the intracellular accumulation of ROS, leading to the suppression of NF-κB activation, Akt and p38 phosphorylation, and subsequent pro-inflammatory mediator production. These findings suggest that nasunin exerts an anti-inflammatory effect and this effect is mediated, at least in part, by its antioxidant activity.
Employing hole-array recess of barrier layer of AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures to reduce annealing Temperature of Ohmic contact
Authors: Han Kefeng 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Ohmic contact to AlGaN/GaN heterostructures employing hole-array recess of barrier layer is conducted in this paper, in which an Ohmic contact resistance of 0.2 Ωmm with an annealing temperature of 800 °C with 15 nm deep holes recessed on the AlGaN layer before annealing is obtained. The annealing temperature and metal morphology post annealing is compared between Ohmic contacts with and without hole array recess. The annealing temperature required for the Ohmic contact with hole recess to achieve minimum ohmic contact resistance is 40 °C lower when compared to an ordinary Ohmic contact without hole array recess. Additionally metal morphology is significantly improved, such as the reduction of irregular metal particles and metal bumps forming in the annealing process, smaller alloying grains, perfectly straight metal edge and no educts existing at metal sidewalls are realized. The results demonstrated in this paper are beneficial to the performance, yield and reliability of relevant devices and circuits.
ncDR: a comprehensive resource of non-coding RNAs involved in drug resistance
Authors: Dai Enyu , Yang Feng , Wang Jing , Zhou Xu , Song Qian , An Weiwei , Wang Lihong , Jiang Wei 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Summary
As a promising field of individualized therapy, non-coding RNA pharmacogenomics promotes the understanding of different individual responses to certain drugs and acts as a reasonable reference for clinical treatment. However, relevant information is scattered across the published literature, which is inconvenient for researchers to explore non-coding RNAs that are involved in drug resistance. To address this, we systemically identified validated and predicted drug resistance-associated microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs through manual curation and computational analysis. Subsequently, we constructed an omnibus repository named ncDR, which furnishes a user-friendly interface that allows for convenient browsing, visualization, querying and downloading of data. Given the rapidly increasing interest in precision medicine, ncDR will significantly improve our understanding of the roles of regulatory non-coding RNAs in drug resistance and has the potential to be a timely and valuable resource.

Availability and implementation
http://www.jianglab.cn/ncDR/

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Intracranial Aneurysm Parameters for Predicting a Future Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Long-Term Follow-up Study
Authors: Juvela Seppo , Korja Miikka 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Retrospective studies have suggested that aneurysm morphology is a risk factor for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether various morphological indices of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs) predict a future rupture.

METHODS: A total of 142 patients with UIAs diagnosed between 1956 and 1978 were followed prospectively until SAH, death, or the last contact. Morphological UIA indices from standard angiographic projections were measured at baseline and adjusted in multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses for established risk factors for SAH.

RESULTS: During a follow-up of 3064 person-years, 34 patients suffered from an aneurysm rupture. In multivariable analyses, aneurysm volume, volume-to-ostium area ratio, and the bottleneck factor separately as continuous variables predicted aneurysm rupture. All the morphological indices were higher (P < .01) after the rupture than before. In final multivariable analyses, current smoking (adjusted hazard ratio 2.50, 95% CI 1.03-6.10, P = .044), location in the anterior communicating artery (4.28, 1.38-13.28, P = .012), age (inversely; 0.95 per year, 0.91-1.00, P = .043), and UIA diameter ≥7 mm at baseline (2.68, 1.16-6.21, P = .021) were independent risk factors for a future rupture. Aneurysm growth during the follow-up was associated with smoking (P < .05) and SAH (P < .001), but not with the aneurysm indices.

CONCLUSION: Of the morphological indices, UIA volume seems to predict a future rupture. However, as volume correlates with the maximum diameter of the aneurysm, it seems to add little to the predictive value of the maximum diameter. Retrospective studies using indices that are measured after rupture are of little value in risk prediction.
Prevalence of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Infections in the United States Predominated by Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Cai Bin , Echols Roger , Magee Glenn , Arjona Ferreira Juan Camilo , Morgan Gareth , Ariyasu Mari , Sawada Takuko , Nagata Tsutae “Den” 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundCarbapenem-resistant (CR) Gram-negative pathogens are recognized as a major health concern. This study examined the prevalence of infections due to 4 CR Gram-negative species (Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli) in the United States and assessed their impact on hospital stays and mortality.MethodsHospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed infection due to any of the 4 Gram-negative pathogens were identified from the Premier Healthcare Database. Proportions of CR were calculated by pathogen and infection site (blood, respiratory, urinary, or other) for the United States as whole and by census regions. Crude and adjusted odds ratios for in-hospital mortality were produced using logistic regression.ResultsFrom 2009 to 2013, 13 262 (4.5%) of 292 742 infections due to these 4 Gram-negative pathogens were CR. Of these CR infections, 82.3% were caused by A. baumannii (22%) or P. aeruginosa (60.3%), while 17.7% were caused by K. pneumoniae or E. coli. CR patients had longer hospital stays than carbapenem-susceptible (CS) patients in all pathogen-infection site cohorts, except in the A. baumannii-respiratory cohort. The crude all cause in-hospital mortality was greater for most pathogen-infection site cohorts of the CR group compared with the CS group, especially for A. baumannii infection in the blood (crude odds ratio [OR], 3.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.69–5.70). This difference for the A. baumannii-blood cohort remained after adjusting for the relevant covariates (adjusted OR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.43–4.22).ConclusionThe majority of CR infections and disease burden in the United States was caused by nonfermenters A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa. Patients with CR infections had longer hospital stays and higher crude in-hospital mortality.
Class-Wide Access to a Commercial Step 1 Question Bank During Preclinical Organ-Based Modules: A Pilot Project
Authors: Baños James H. , Pepin Mark E. , Van Wagoner Nicholas 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The authors examined the usefulness of a commercially available Step 1 question bank as a formative academic support tool throughout organ-based modules in an integrated preclinical medical curriculum. The authors also determined the extent to which correlation between question bank utilization and academic metrics varied with Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) scores.

Method
In 2015, a cohort of 185 first-year medical students at University of Alabama School of Medicine were provided with 18-month full access to a commercially available Step 1 question bank of over 2,100 items throughout organ-based modules, although there were no requirements for use. Data on student use of the question bank were collected via an online administrative portal. Relationships between question bank utilization and academic outcomes including exams, module grades, and United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 were determined using multiple linear regression.

Results
MCAT scores and number of items attempted in the question bank significantly predicted all academic measures, with question bank utilization as the stronger predictor. The association between question bank utilization and academic outcome was stronger for individuals with lower MCAT scores.

Conclusions
The findings elucidate a novel academic support mechanism that, for some programs, may help bridge the gap between holistic and mission-based admissions practices and a residency match process that places a premium on USMLE exam scores. Distributed formative use of USMLE Step 1 practice questions may be of value as an academic support tool that benefits all students, but particularly those entering with lower MCAT scores.
Drivers of Continuing Education Learning Preferences for Veterans Affairs Women's Health Primary Care Providers
Authors: Zuchowski Jessica L. , Hamilton Alison B. , Washington Donna L. , Gomez Arthur G. , Veet Laure , Cordasco Kristina M. 
Published: August 2017

Introduction:
Documented gaps in health professionals' training in women's health are a special concern for continuing education (CE). In the Veterans Affairs (VA) health care system, women veterans are a numerical minority, preferably assigned to designated women's health primary care providers (DWHPs). DWHPs need to maintain their knowledge and skills in women's health topics, in addition to general internal medicine topics. We explored drivers of VA DWHPs' learning preferences for women's health topics—ie, factors which influence greater and lesser learning interest.

Methods:
We conducted semistructured telephone interviews with DWHPs across six VA health care systems. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded in ATLAS.ti. We synthesized results by grouping relevant coded sections of text to form emergent themes.

Results:
Among the 31 DWHPs interviewed, reported drivers of learning interests among women's health topics were (1) high frequency of clinical incidence of particular issues; (2) perceived appropriateness of particular issues for management in primary care settings; and (3) perceived appropriateness of particular issues for partial management in primary care. Lower interest in particular women's health topics was associated with (1) perceived existing competency or recent training in an issue and (2) perceived need for specialty care management of an issue.

Discussion:
Understanding drivers of DWHPs' CE learning priorities lays a foundation for developing CE programming that will be of interest to women's health primary care providers. Attention to drivers of learning interests may have applicability beyond women's health, suggesting a general approach for CE programming that prioritizes high-volume topics within the practice scope of target providers.
RETINA EXPANSION TECHNIQUE FOR MACULAR HOLE APPOSITION REPORT 2
Authors: Wong Roger , Howard Catherine , Orobona Giancarlo Dell'aversana 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To describe the safety and efficacy of a technique to close large thickness macular holes.

Methods:
A consecutive retrospective interventional case series of 16 patients with macular holes greater than 650 microns in “aperture” diameter were included. The technique involves vitrectomy, followed by internal limiting membrane peeling. The macula is detached using subretinal injection of saline. Fluid–air exchange is performed to promote detachment and stretch of the retina. After this, the standard fluid–air exchange is performed and perfluoropropane gas is injected. Face-down posturing is advised. Adverse effects, preoperative, and postoperative visual acuities were recorded. Optical coherence tomography scans were also taken.

Results:
The mean hole size was 739 microns (SD: 62 microns; mean base diameter: 1,311 microns). Eighty-three percent (14 of 16) of eyes had successful hole closure after the procedure. At 12-month follow-up, no worsening in visual acuity was reported, and improvement in visual acuity was noted in 14 of 16 eyes. No patients lost vision because of the procedure.

Conclusion:
It is possible to achieve anatomical closure of large macular holes using RETMA. No patients experienced visual loss. The level of visual improvement is likely limited because of the size and chronicity of these holes.
MANAGEMENT OF RETINOBLASTOMA WITH HIV SEROPOSITIVITY
Authors: Dhami Abhinav , Ramesh Anita , Khetan Vikas 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To report a case of retinoblastoma with concomitant association with HIV seropositivity and its management.

Methods:
A retrospective case report of a 3-year-old male child presenting with right eye Group B and left eye Group E retinoblastoma with simultaneous positivity for HIV1 antibody. The parents were also tested positive for HIV and were referred for initiating antiretroviral therapy.

Results:
The child was managed with focal laser therapy for the right eye and six cycles of systemic chemotherapy, and the left eye was planned for enucleation with ball implant.

Conclusion:
This case poses an outlook into a dilemma as to whether or not systemic chemotherapy should be started along with antiretroviral therapy for treating retinoblastoma, as there are no cited case reports in the literature of retinoblastoma coexisting with HIV and its related management regime and future considerations to be taken for management.
Factors That Influence of Trabectome Surgery for Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Tojo Naoki , Abe Shinya , Hayashi Atsushi 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The aim of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the outcome of trabectome surgery.

Methods:
This was a retrospective nonrandomized study. Seventy-eight glaucoma patients (86 eyes) who underwent trabectome surgeries and were followed up for more than 12 months were included. We classified the subtypes of glaucoma as: primary open-angle glaucoma (23 eyes), pseudo-exfoliation glaucoma (58 eyes), and secondary glaucoma (5 eyes). Forty-seven eyes underwent cataract and trabectome surgeries simultaneously, and 39 underwent only trabectome surgery. We evaluated the possible influencing factors including age, sex, glaucoma index, preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), number of medications, visual field status, central corneal thickness, type of glaucoma and operation method (trabectome only or simultaneous cataract surgeries as well).

Results:
Trabectome surgeries significantly decreased the IOP from 23.0±6.7 to 12.5±3.0 mm Hg after 12 months (P<0.001). The success rate at 12 months was 73.3%. The results showed that a low preoperative IOP, thin central corneal thickness, prior non–selective laser trabeculoplasty history, and simultaneous cataract and trabectome surgeries were factors that contributed to the success rate.

Conclusions:
The success rate of trabectome surgery was higher for low-IOP glaucoma than high-IOP glaucoma. Trabectome could be a useful treatment for low-IOP glaucoma.
Feasibility and Relevance of Antipsychotic Safety Monitoring in Children With Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Pringsheim Tamara , Ho Josephine , Sarna Justyna R. , Hammer Tracy , Patten Scott 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Purpose/Background
Antipsychotics are efficacious for tics and are increasingly prescribed to children with behavioral disorders. Antipsychotics have important adverse effects, and systematic monitoring of drug safety is infrequently performed. The objectives of this study were to determine the feasibility of antipsychotic safety monitoring in children with Tourette Syndrome using a defined protocol and to evaluate the risk of adverse effects with chronic use.

Methods/Procedures
A prospective longitudinal study of children prescribed antipsychotics was performed. Children were monitored for extrapyramidal, metabolic, and hormonal adverse effects using the Canadian Alliance for Monitoring Effectiveness and Safety of Antipsychotic Medications guidelines. This included the measurement of height, weight, waist circumference, the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale, and laboratory tests of lipids, glucose, insulin, and prolactin at prespecified time points.

Findings/Results
Fifty-seven children who started on risperidone or aripiprazole were monitored for a mean of 10 months 3 days. Significant increases in body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference percentiles occurred with time. There was a significant time by drug interaction, with children on aripiprazole having smaller changes in BMI initially, followed by a faster rate of increase than with risperidone. There was a significant difference between Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale scores on versus before starting antipsychotics and significant increases in insulin and prolactin. Change from a healthy to overweight or obese BMI percentile occurred in 26%. Extrapyramidal symptoms occurred in 35%. Medication was discontinued because of metabolic effects in 19%, and extrapyramidal symptoms in 7%.

Implications/Conclusions
Monitoring of antipsychotic safety in children is feasible and recommended to inform treatment decisions.
An Open Trial of Iloperidone for Mixed Episodes in Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Singh Vivek , Arnold Jodi Gonzalez , Prihoda Thomas J. , Martinez Melissa , Bowden Charles L. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Mixed mood states in bipolar disorder are difficult to treat and when present indicate worse illness trajectories. Several medications are US Food and Drug Administration approved to treat mixed episodes; however, the clinical trials have been short term and rarely reported depression response.

Methods
We conducted a 5-month open-label trial examining the tolerability and efficacy of iloperidone for bipolar disorder mixed episodes.

Results
Mania and depression scores significantly improved over the course of the study for study completers (ie, 60%–68% improvement for manic symptoms and 41%–49% for depression symptoms). Improvements were observed early in the trial and after adjusting for concomitant medication effects. The average daily dose in completers was 15 mg. Thirty-nine percent (12/31) of the eligible sample discontinued early because of adverse effects. The adverse events most commonly associated with withdrawal were increased heart rate/palpitations (n = 5 of 12) and urinary incontinence/intense urge to urinate (n = 3 of 12).

Conclusions
In a subset of patients, iloperidone provides relief for classic manic, depression, and irritability symptoms associated with mixed episodes in a long-term trial. Adverse effect profiles are likely to be a major factor contributing to individualized medication use.