bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Margins of freedom: a field‐theoretic approach to class‐based health dispositions and practices
Authors: Burnett Patrick John , Veenstra Gerry 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPierre Bourdieu's theory of practice situates social practices in the relational interplay between experiential mental phenomena (habitus), resources (capitals) and objective social structures (fields). When applied to class‐based practices in particular, the overarching field of power within which social classes are potentially made manifest is the primary field of interest. Applying relational statistical techniques to original survey data from Toronto and Vancouver, Canada, we investigated whether smoking, engaging in physical activity and consuming fruit and vegetables are dispersed in a three‐dimensional field of power shaped by economic and cultural capitals and cultural dispositions and practices. We find that aesthetic dispositions and flexibility of developing and established dispositions are associated with positioning in the Canadian field of power and embedded in the logics of the health practices dispersed in the field. From this field‐theoretic perspective, behavioural change requires the disruption of existing relations of harmony between the habitus of agents, the fields within which the practices are enacted and the capitals that inform and enforce the mores and regularities of the fields.The three‐dimensional model can be explored at: https://www.sociologix.ca/margins-freedom.html [Correction made on 2 December 2020, after issue publication: link to the three‐dimensional model has been updated in this version.]
The effect of senior obstetric presence on maternal and neonatal outcomes in UK NHS maternity units: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Reid HE , Hayes DJL , Wittkowski A , Vause S , Whitcombe J , Heazell AEP 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThere is little consensus regarding the hypothesised link between obstetric consultant presence and maternal and neonatal outcomes.ObjectivesTo pool existing data on the impact of consultant presence on the outcomes of women who have given birth in UK National Health Service (NHS) maternity units.Search strategyTwelve databases, grey literature, and reference lists were searched.Selection criteriaStudies conducted in UK NHS maternity units comparing outcomes during lesser consultant presence versus increased consultant presence that reported mode of delivery and adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes.Data collection and analysisStudies were divided into three groups by type of comparison: (1) hours of rostered consultant presence during the weekend versus hours of rostered consultant presence during the week; (2) hours per week of rostered consultant presence pre‐increase versus hours per week of rostered consultant presence post‐increase; and (3) no rostered consultant presence versus rostered consultant presence. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed.Main resultsFifteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, presenting data from 125 856 births. Overall, there was no significant difference between lesser and increased consultant presence for any outcome. When data were stratified by comparison type, the likelihood of emergency caesarean section was significantly lower (odds ratio, OR 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.86–0.96) and the likelihood of non‐instrumental vaginal delivery was significantly higher (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.02–1.12) when the rostered hours of consultant presence per week were increased.ConclusionsIncreased consultant presence has some effect on mode of delivery, but no evidence for a benefit for adverse outcomes was found.Tweetable abstractIncreasing hours of NHS obstetric consultant presence may increase chance of non‐instrumental vaginal delivery.
‘Stones of use’: Cobalt, Spar and the Utility of Architectural Materials
Authors: Ferng Jennifer 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis article advances a greater understanding of building materials, specifically stone, as a scientific object of experimentation that moved from the realm of natural philosophy and into architectural design and industry trades in eighteenth‐century England. Revd William Borlase contemplated stone's pragmatic use in disciplinary fields that lay beyond the scientist's chemical laboratory or the antiquarian's personal collections. Cobalt, spar and other specimens of stone acted as heuristic models of architectural materials that were tested as they were being conceived in practice. These conceptions of stone gradually transformed these building materials into more industry‐ready incarnations, predicted by naturalists like Borlase.
Low prevalence of knee chondrocalcinosis and its catabolic association with serum matrix metalloproteinase 3: A rural Japanese population study
Authors: Chiba Daisuke , Tsuda Eiichi , Sasaki Eiji , Takahashi Ippei , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Ishibashi Yasuyuki 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThis study aimed to elucidate the prevalence of radiographic knee chondrocalcinosis (CC) and to clarify whether CC is correlated with self‐reported knee symptoms and a serum catabolic biomarker.MethodsA total of 1278 volunteers participated. Plain radiographs of both knees were obtained. Identification of a linear calcification in the knee joint space was defined as CC. Patients with a Kellgren‐Lawrence grade of 2 or more were considered to have knee osteoarthritis (OA). Symptoms were evaluated using the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) Pain scale, and serum matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3) concentration was determined. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine whether CC was correlated with OA, the KOOS Pain scale and MMP‐3 concentration.ResultsTwenty‐eight subjects were found to have CC (2.2%), and 389 had OA (30.4%). CC was correlated with OA (odds ratio: 5.797; P = 0.006). Additionally, CC was correlated with MMP‐3 concentration (B = 11.415, β = 0.059, P = 0.014), but not with KOOS Pain scale.ConclusionsThe prevalence of CC was low in the Japanese population evaluated in this study. While CC was not correlated with self‐reported knee symptoms, it was positively correlated with serum MMP‐3 concentration.
TRADD, TRAF2, RIP1 and TAK1 are required for TNF‐α‐induced pro‐labour mediators in human primary myometrial cells
Authors: Lim Ratana , Barker Gillian , Lappas Martha 
Published: March 2017

ProblemTNF‐α plays a central role in the processes of human labour and delivery. This study sought to determine the role of the adaptor proteins TNFR1‐associated death domain protein (TRADD), TNF receptor‐associated factor 2 (TRAF2), receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) and transforming growth factor beta‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) in TNF‐α‐induced formation of pro‐labour mediators.Method of studyHuman primary myometrial cells were transfected with siRNA against TRADD (siTRADD), TRAF2 (siTRAF2), RIP1 (siRIP1) or TAK1 (siTAK1), treated with TNF‐α, and assayed for pro‐inflammatory mediators expression.ResultssiTRADD, siTRAF2, siRIP1 and siTAK1 significantly decreased TNF‐α‐induced IL‐1α, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, MCP‐1 mRNA expression and release of IL‐6, IL‐8 and MCP‐1; and cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 expression and release of prostaglandin PGF2α. There was a significant attenuation of TNF‐α‐induced expression of adhesion molecules ICAM‐1 and VCAM‐1 mRNA with siTRADD, siTRAF2 or siRIP1. siTRADD and siRIP1 significantly attenuated TNF‐α‐induced MMP‐9 mRNA expression and release and nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) transcriptional activity. There was a significant increase in TNF‐α‐induced sVCAM‐1 release, MMP‐9 mRNA expression and NF‐κB activity with siTAK1.ConclusionTRADD, TRAF2, RIP1 and TAK1 are involved in TNF‐α signalling in human myometrium. Further studies are required to determine whether inhibition of these proteins can prevent preterm birth.
Piperazine‐linked 4‐aminoquinoline‐chalcone/ferrocenyl‐chalcone conjugates: Synthesis and antiplasmodial evaluation
Authors: Singh Amandeep , Rani Anu , Gut Jiri , Rosenthal Philip J. , Kumar Vipan 
Published: March 2017

A series of piperazine‐linked 4‐aminoquinoline‐chalcone/ferrocenyl‐chalcone conjugates were prepared with a view to evaluate their activities against Plasmodium falciparum. The synthesized conjugates had in vitro IC50 values from 0.41 to 2.38 μm against chloroquine‐resistant and mefloquine‐sensitive W2 strain of P. falciparum. The submicromolar activities of most of the synthesized conjugates suggest that such molecular frameworks can act as therapeutic templates for the design and synthesis of new antimalarials.
Peer Influence on Ethnic‐Racial Identity Development: A Multi‐Site Investigation
Authors: Santos Carlos E. , Kornienko Olga , Rivas‐Drake Deborah 
Published: March 2017

The peer context features prominently in theory, and increasingly in empirical research, about ethnic‐racial identity (ERI) development, but no studies have assessed peer influence on ERI using methods designed to properly assess peer influence. We examined peer influence on ERI centrality, private, and public regard using longitudinal social network analysis. Data were drawn from two sites: a predominantly Latina/o Southwestern (SW) school (N = 1034; Mage = 12.10) and a diverse Midwestern (MW) school (N = 513; Mage = 11.99). Findings showed that peers influenced each other's public regard over time at both sites. However, peer influence on centrality was evident in the SW site, whereas peer influence on private regard was evident in the MW site. Importantly, peer influence was evident after controlling for selection effects. Our integration of developmental, contextual, and social network perspectives offers a fruitful approach to explicate how ERI content may shift in early adolescence as a function of peer influence.
Once‐daily glatiramer acetate decreases magnetic resonance imaging disease activity in Japanese patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Yamamura Takashi , Ashtamker Natalia , Ladkani David , Fukazawa Toshiyuki , Houzen Hideki , Tanaka Masami , Miura Toshiro , Knappertz Volker 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveMultiple sclerosis (MS) prevalence, clinical patterns, and treatment responses vary between races and geographical latitudes. Glatiramer acetate (GA; Copaxone) has provided a safe, effective treatment option for relapsing–remitting MS patients in the USA, European nations, and other countries for decades. The objective of the present study was to assess the safety and efficacy of GA in reducing magnetic resonance imaging disease activity in Japanese patients with active relapsing–remitting MS.MethodsThis phase 2, multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm, 52‐week study measured the effect of GA 20 mg once‐daily on magnetic resonance imaging disease activity. GA efficacy was evaluated through week 36, and safety through week 52. The primary end‐point was change in the mean number of T1‐weighted gadolinium‐enhancing (GdE) lesions from pretreatment (weeks –8, –4 and baseline) to weeks 28, 32 and 36. Secondary end‐points included a change in mean number of new T2‐weighted lesions, GdE lesion and T2 lesion volumes, annualized relapse rate, and Expanded Disability Status Scale scores.ResultsGA therapy reduced the number of new GdE lesions by 65.66% (95% CI 33.19–82.35%). The number of new T2 lesions and GdE lesion volume were also reduced from pretreatment. The annualized relapse rate was reduced by 42% compared with the 1 year before treatment. Changes in T2 lesion volume and Expanded Disability Status Scale scores were favorable, but less pronounced. Most common adverse events were injection‐site reactions.ConclusionsThe present study confirmed the well‐established safety, tolerability and efficacy profile of GA in Japanese MS patients.
Surgical strategy for Apert syndrome: Retrospective study of developmental quotient and three‐dimensional computerized tomography
Authors: Tomita Shoichi , Miyawaki Takeshi , Nonaka Yuichirou , Sakai Shinsuke , Nishimura Reiji 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThere are many surgical techniques for craniosynostosis. However, the indications for and timing of surgery still remain unclarified. Most of the skull growth in craniosynostosis is completed in the first year, and the bone is strong enough to undergo distraction osteogenesis. However, previous reports showed that patients operated on before 1 year of age had better IQ than those operated later in life. This report aims to consider the best timing for cranial expansion and surgical strategy for Apert syndrome. From January 2002 to December 2011, 13 patients with Apert syndrome were operated on and were followed up for more than 5 years. Nine patients underwent operations before 1 year of age (early surgery group) and three patients underwent operations later in life (late surgery group). They underwent fronto‐orbital advancement for primary surgery. We evaluated postoperative developmental quotient every year and cephalic index (CI) measured by three‐dimensional computerized tomography (3D–CT) at the age over 5 years retrospectively. Eleven of 13 patients improved their developmental quotient scores, with no significant intergroup differences. The CI evaluation showed cases with remnant brachycephalic deformity in both groups. Two patients with remnant plagiocephalic deformities tend to have primary surgery early in life compared to the others. Thus the delay in primary surgery had little influence on psychological development. We conclude that the primary surgery can be delayed unless the intracranial pressure needs to be controlled. In addition, fronto‐orbital advancement could not sufficiently improve the brachycephalic appearance, other procedures like posterior vault distraction might be better alternatives.
Latent classes of polydrug and polyroute use and associations with human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviours and overdose among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Meacham Meredith C. , Roesch Scott C. , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Lindsay Suzanne , Gonzalez‐Zuniga Patricia , Gaines Tommi L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPatterns of polydrug use among people who inject drugs (PWID) may be differentially associated with overdose and unique human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) risk factors. Subgroups of PWID in Tijuana, Mexico, were identified based on substances used, route of administration, frequency of use and co‐injection indicators.Design and MethodsParticipants were PWID residing in Tijuana age ≥18 years sampled from 2011 to 2012 who reported injecting an illicit substance in the past month (n = 735). Latent class analysis identified discrete classes of polydrug use characterised by 11 indicators of past 6 months substance use. Multinomial logistic regression examined class membership association with HIV risk behaviours, overdose and other covariates using an automated three‐step procedure in mplus to account for classification error.ResultsParticipants were classified into five subgroups. Two polydrug and polyroute classes were defined by use of multiple substances through several routes of administration and were primarily distinguished from each other by cocaine use (class 1: 5%) or no cocaine use (class 2: 29%). The other classes consisted primarily of injectors: cocaine, methamphetamine and heroin injection (class 3: 4%); methamphetamine and heroin injection (class 4: 10%); and heroin injection (class 5: 52%). Compared with the heroin‐only injection class, memberships in the two polydrug and polyroute use classes were independently associated with both HIV injection and sexual risk behaviours.Discussion and ConclusionsSubstance use patterns among PWID in Tijuana are highly heterogeneous, and polydrug and polyroute users are a high‐risk subgroup who may require more tailored prevention and treatment interventions. [Meacham MC, Roesch SC, Strathdee SA, Lindsay S, Gonzalez‐Zuniga P, Gaines TL. Latent classes of polydrug and polyroute use and associations with human immunodeficiency virus risk behaviours and overdose among people who inject drugs in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018;37:128–136]
Revisiting the ‘paradigm shift’ in opioid use: Developments and implications 10 years later
Authors: Fischer Benedikt , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA decade ago, we queried the unfolding of a ‘paradigm shift’ in illicit opioid use in North America, specifically involving a shift away from heroin to prescription opioid (PO) use. Today, this situation is more acute than ever, with prescription opioid misuse, morbidity and mortality amounting to one of the most severe substance use‐related public health crises ever, now even impacting life expectancy in key population segments. Despite medical system‐based PO dispensing and practices being recognised as core drivers of the PO crisis, effective policy measures have been long absent or limited—including those to reduce medical PO use to levels supported by best evidence for pain care. At the same time, heroin use has been increasing again, now commonly tied into interdependent opioid use trajectories, initiated with POs yet shifting to heroin as influenced by economic or availability factors. For policy, there are now two major and urgent—yet partly conflicting—tasks: one is to reduce the determinants of PO misuse and harms by reducing medical prescribing to levels supported by good evidence, while the other is to effectively protect those many active problematic PO users from acute harms (including overdose mortality) by providing effective treatment and survival aids (e.g. naloxone). Surprisingly, it appears that a major ‘homemade’ and medical system‐induced drug crisis has been at least as challenging for North American policy systems to address as other, more conventional illicit drug problems. Lessons for policy hence need to be urgently identified and applied for the future. [Fischer B, Rehm J. Revisiting the ‘paradigm shift’ in opioid use: Developments and implications 10 years later. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000‐000]
Effects of increased left ventricular wall thickness on the myocardium in severe aortic stenosis with normal left ventricular ejection fraction: Two‐ and three‐dimensional multilayer speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Cho Eun Jeong , Park Sung‐Ji , Kim Eun Kyoung , Lee Ga Yeon , Chang Sung‐A , Choi Jin‐Oh , Lee Sang‐Chol , Park Seung Woo 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to determine the capability of real time three‐dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) and two‐dimensional (2D) multilayer speckle tracking echocardiography (MSTE) for evaluation of early myocardial dysfunction triggered by increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness in severe aortic stenosis (AS) with normal LV ejection fraction (EF≥55%).MethodsConventional, RT3D STE and 2D MSTE were performed in 45 patients (mean 68.9±9.0 years) with severe AS (aortic valve area <1 cm2, aortic velocity Vmax >4 m/s or mean PG >40 mm Hg) and normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) without overt coronary artery disease and in 18 age‐, sex‐matched healthy controls. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), global area strain (GAS), and global radial strain (GRS) were calculated using RT3DE and MSTE.ResultsThe severe AS group had lower 3D GLS, GRS, GAS and 2D epicardium, and mid‐wall and endocardium GLS compared to healthy controls. In MSTE analysis, 2D LS and CS values decreased from the endocardial layer toward the epicardial layer. Severe AS patients with increased LV wall thickness had lower 3D GLS and 2D epicardium, and mid‐wall and endocardium GLS compared with severe AS patients without LV wall thickening. GLS on RT3D STE was correlated with GLS on 2D MSTE, left ventricular mass index, LVEF, left atrial volume index, and lnNT‐proBNP.ConclusionRT3DE and 2D MSTE can be used to identify subtle contractile dysfunction triggered by increased LV wall thickness in severe AS with normal LVEF. Therefore, RT3D STE and 2D MSTE may provide additional information that can facilitate decision‐making regarding severe AS patients with increased LV wall thickness and normal LV function.
Predictors of meaningful improvement in quality of life after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: A prospective study
Authors: Pauli Carla , Schwarzbold Marcelo Liborio , Diaz Alexandre Paim , de Oliveira Thais Maria Emilia Rodrigues , Kondageski Charles , Linhares Marcelo Neves , Guarnieri Ricardo , de Lemos Zingano Bianca , Ben Juliana , Nunes Jean Costa , Markowitsch Hans Joachim , Wolf Peter , Wiebe Samuel , Lin Katia , Walz Roger 
Published: March 2017

SummaryObjectivesTo investigate prospectively the independent predictors of a minimum clinically important change (MCIC) in quality of life (QOL) after anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) for drug‐resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy related to hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE‐HS) in Brazilian patients.MethodsMultiple binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the clinical, demographic, radiologic, and electrophysiologic variables independently associated with MCIC in the Quality of Life in Epilepsy‐31 Inventory (QOLIE‐31) overall score 1 year after ATL in 77 consecutive patients with unilateral MTLE‐HS.ResultsThe overall QOLIE‐31 score and all its subscale scores increased significantly (p < 0.0001) 1 year after ATL. In the final logistic regression model, absence of presurgical diagnosis of depression (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 4.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–16.1, p = 0.02) and a complete postoperative seizure control (adjusted OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.2–14.5, p = 0.03) were independently associated with improvement equal to or greater than the MCIC in QOL after ATL. The overall model accuracy for MCIC improvement in the QOL was 85.6%, with a 95.2% of sensitivity and 46.7% of specificity.SignificanceThese results in Brazilian patients reinforce the external validation of previous findings in Canadian patients showing that presurgical depression and complete seizure control after surgery are independent predictors for meaningful improvement in QOL after ATL, and have implications for the surgical management of MTLE patients.
Impact of iatrogenic iron overload on the course of hepatitis C in the dialysis population: A plea for caution
Authors: Rostoker Guy , Vaziri Nosratola D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAbout 2.5% of the world population, corresponding to about 177 million individuals, are infected by hepatitis C virus (HCV), a small, single‐stranded RNA virus. The prevalence of HCV infection among dialysis patients in Japan, Europe, and North America during the 2012 to 2015 period was found to be 8.7% in the DOPPS study. Nosocomial HCV spread in hemodialysis facilities still occurs. Increased hepatic tissue iron has been shown to play a deleterious role in the course of hepatitis C, favor development of fibrosis and cirrhosis and possibly increase the risk of liver cancer in the general population. Regular loss of blood in the hemodialysis circuit, in routine blood sampling for laboratory tests (for uremia monitoring), and in gut due to uremic enteropathy, invariably results in iron deficiency for which patients are commonly treated with intravenous (IV) iron preparations. Data on the effects of IV iron in hemodialysis patients with hepatitis C are limited (2 studies) and strongly suggest that parenteral iron may contribute to hepatocellular injury.Iatrogenic iron overload is extremely prevalent among hemodialysis population worldwide. Iron overload and toxicity has emerged as one of the most controversial topic in the management of anemia in dialysis patients. Given the known impact of iron in promoting growth and virulence of HCV and the associated liver disease, it is necessary to use iron therapy cautiously and closely monitor plasma markers of iron metabolism and liver iron stores non‐invasively by means of MRI to avoid iron overload in this vulnerable population.