bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of trainee involvement on procedural characteristics for linear endobronchial ultrasound
Authors: Nguyen Sébastien , Ferland Nancy , Beaudoin Stéphane , Martel Simon , Simon Mathieu , Laberge Francis , Lampron Noel , Fortin Marc , Delage Antoine 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundLinear endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a safe and effective method for the diagnostic sampling of mediastinal lymph nodes. However, there is a learning curve associated with the procedure and operator experience influences diagnostic yield. We sought to determine if trainee involvement during EBUS influences procedural characteristics, complication rate, and diagnostic yield.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 220 subjects who underwent an EBUS procedure at our center from December 2012 to June 2013. Procedures were performed by six different interventional pulmonologists with substantial experience with EBUS or by a trainee under their direct supervision. Procedural characteristics and complications were recorded. Diagnostic yield and specimen adequacy were compared between groups.Results
EBUS was performed in 220 patients with a trainee involved (n = 116) or by staff physician alone (n = 104). Patient characteristics, and the number and size of lymph node stations sampled were similar. EBUS duration was longer (16.0 vs. 13.7 minutes; P = 0.002) and the total dose of lidocaine used was higher (322.3 vs. 304.2 mg; P = 0.045) when a trainee was involved. The rate of adequate specimens sampled was comparable between the groups (92.0 vs. 92.0%; P = 0.60). Diagnostic yield was lower when a trainee was involved in the EBUS procedure (52.6 vs. 68.3%; P = 0.02).ConclusionTrainee involvement significantly increased EBUS duration and the dose of local anesthesia used for the procedure. Diagnostic yield was lower when a trainee was involved. Factors accounting for this difference in yield, despite adequate samples being obtained, warrant further investigation.
Hartmann's reversal: a comparative study between laparoscopic and open approaches
Authors: Kwak Han Deok , Kim Jin , Kang Dong Woo , Baek Se‐Jin , Kwak Jung Myun , Kim Seon‐Hahn 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundA reversal of Hartmann's procedure can be performed using either a laparoscopic or open approach. However, laparoscopic reversal (LR) of Hartmann's procedure is challenging. This study was designed to compare the results between open and laparoscopic approaches.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data. We analysed 29 patients who received Hartmann's reversal at Korea University Anam Hospital between April 2007 and September 2014. All patients underwent either LR (n = 17) or open reversal (OR, n = 12).ResultsPatient characteristics were similar between the LR and OR groups. There was also no difference in mean operation time (212.5 versus 251.8 min), diversion ileostomy, length of hospital stay, postoperative analgesic days, time to diet resumption (3.9 versus 6.2 days) or complication rate. Although the time to resuming a solid diet was not different between the two groups (P = 0.053), bowel movement occurred faster in LR patients (LR versus OR, 1.8 versus 2.8 days, P = 0.020). Patients in the LR group also had less blood loss during surgery (114.1 versus 594.2 mL, P = 0.026). There were no mortalities in this study.ConclusionLR of Hartmann's procedure resulted in faster bowel function recovery than the open method. Laparoscopic approaches are feasible even for patients who received an open Hartmann's procedure.
Interleukin 17A gene polymorphism rs2275913 is associated with osteitis after the Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin vaccination
Authors: Liehu‐Martiskainen Milla , Korppi Matti , Teräsjärvi Johanna , Vuononvirta Juho , Huhtala Heini , Nuolivirta Kirsi , Kröger Liisa , Peltola Ville , Pöyhönen Laura , He Qiushui 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimInterleukin‐17 (IL‐17) appears to promote the host's defence against mycobacterial infections. This study evaluated the association between IL17A gene polymorphism and the risk of Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) osteitis after newborn vaccination and between IL17A gene polymorphism and IL‐17A concentrations in serum.MethodsIL17A rs2275913 gene polymorphisms and serum IL‐17A concentrations were studied in 132 adults aged 21–49 years from across Finland, who had BCG osteitis in infancy after a newborn BCG vaccination. The subjects were recruited in 2007–2008, and their whole‐blood samples were sent to the National Institute for Health and Welfare, Turku, Finland. Their genotypes and minor allele frequencies were compared with 405 population‐based unvaccinated controls aged two to three months from a prospective birth cohort study.ResultsThe genotypes and allele frequencies of IL17A rs2275913 differed significantly between the former BCG osteitis patients and controls. The genotype was variant in 75.8% of cases and 64.0% of controls (p = 0.012), and the minor allele frequency was 50.0% in the cases and 41.6% of the controls (p = 0.009). Serum IL‐17 concentrations did not differ significantly between the cases with wild or variant genotypes.ConclusionIL17A rs2275913 gene polymorphism was associated with a risk of BCG osteitis after vaccination.
Supplementation of protease, alone and in combination with fructooligosaccharide to low protein diet for finishing pigs
Authors: Lei Xin Jian , Cheong Jin Young , Park Jae Hong , Kim In Ho 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEffects of adding protease with or without fructooligosaccharide (FOS) to low protein diet on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal noxious gas emission were evaluated in 160 finishing pigs (57.70 ± 1.16 kg) in a 9‐week study. Pigs were randomly divided into four dietary treatments, PC: positive control diet (15.97% crude protein (CP)); NC: negative control diet (12.94% CP); PRO: NC supplemented with 0.05% protease; PROFOS: NC supplemented with 0.05% protease and 0.1% FOS. During weeks 4–9 and weeks 0–9, gain : feed ratio was impaired (P < 0.05) in pigs fed NC diet compared with those fed PC, PRO and PROFOS diets. Pigs fed PC, PRO and PROFOS diets had higher (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of CP than pigs fed NC diet. Pigs fed PROFOS diet had reduced (P < 0.05) ammonia emissions compared to pigs fed NC and PRO diets. These data indicate that reducing dietary CP concentrations impaired growth performance, decreased ATTD of CP and reduced ammonia emissions. Supplementation of protease in low CP diet improved growth performance and increased ATTD of CP. Dietary supplementation with protease and FOS in low CP diet improved growth performance, increased ATTD of CP and decreased fecal ammonia emission.
Different thermotolerances in in vitro‐produced embryos derived from different maternal and paternal genetic backgrounds
Authors: Sakatani Miki , Yamanaka Kenichi , Balboula Ahmed Zaky , Takahashi Masashi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe present study evaluated the effects of genetic backgrounds on the developmental competence and thermotolerance of bovine in vitro‐produced (IVP) embryos. First, Holstein (Hol) and Japanese Black (JB) oocytes were fertilized with sperm from Hol, JB and a thermotolerant breed (Brahman), and in vitro development was evaluated when the embryos were exposed to heat shock on Day 2 (Day 0 = day of fertilization). Sperm genetic backgrounds affected the developmental competence in controls (P < 0.05). Second, the effect of sperm pre‐incubation for 4 h on subsequent in vitro fertilization was assessed using different sperm genetic backgrounds. The pre‐incubation of sperm did not decrease the embryonic development regardless of the breed of the sperm. A milder heat shock (40.0°C) effect on parthenotes (Hol and JB) and IVP embryos were evaluated. JB parthenotes showed developmental arrest after Day 4, and the rate of development to the blastocyst stage decreased by heat shock, but not in Hol parthenotes. Heat shock decreased developmental competence after cleavage of IVP embryos regardless of genetic background. The thermotolerance of IVP embryos would be controlled by both maternal and paternal factors but genetic involvement was still unclear. Further evaluation is needed to reveal the genetic contribution to thermotolerance.
Prospective observational study of carbon‐ion radiotherapy for non‐squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Shirai Katsuyuki , Saitoh Jun‐ichi , Musha Atsushi , Abe Takanori , Kobayashi Daijiro , Takahashi Takeo , Tamaki Tomoaki , Kawamura Hidemasa , Takayasu Yukihiro , Shino Masato , Toyoda Minoru , Takahashi Katsumasa , Hirato Junko , Yokoo Satoshi , Chikamatsu Kazuaki , Ohno Tatsuya , Nakano Tatsuya ,   the Working Group on Head and Neck Tumors
Published: July 2017

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of carbon‐ion radiotherapy for non‐squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, 35 patients were enrolled in this prospective study. The primary end‐point was the 3‐year local control rate, and the secondary end‐points included the 3‐year overall survival rate and adverse events. Acute and late adverse events were evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. The median follow‐up time for all patients was 39 months. Thirty‐two and three patients received 64.0 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) and 57.6 Gy (relative biological effectiveness) in 16 fractions, respectively. Adenoid cystic carcinoma was dominant (60%). Four patients had local recurrence and five patients died. The 3‐year local control and overall survival rates were 93% and 88%, respectively. Acute grade 2–3 radiation mucositis (65%) and dermatitis (31%) was common, which improved immediately with conservative therapy. Late mucositis of grade 2, grade 3, and grade 4 were observed in 11, one, and no patients, respectively. There were no adverse events of grade 5. Carbon‐ion radiotherapy achieved excellent local control and overall survival rates for non‐squamous cell carcinoma. However, the late mucosal adverse events were not rare, and meticulous treatment planning is required. Trial registration no. UMIN000007886.
Family Functioning and Children's Sleep
Authors: El‐Sheikh Mona , Kelly Ryan J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSleep is a pivotal correlate and predictor of many domains of child development, including socioemotional adjustment, physical health, and cognitive functioning. The family plays a major role in shaping children's sleep–wake behaviors, and developmental research on children's sleep in a family context is on the rise. As in any relatively young field, many gaps and questions remain. In this article, we aim to advance this literature by illustrating ways to examine the interconnections between family functioning and children's sleep. We also call for increasing conceptual developments and testing of transactional models, using well‐established and psychometrically sound objective and subjective measures, and expanding both the family functioning domains and sleep parameters assessed.
Prevalence of nickel allergy in Europe following the EU Nickel Directive – a review
Authors: Ahlström Malin G. , Thyssen Jacob P. , Menné Torkil , Johansen Jeanne D. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryNickel contact allergy remains a problem in EU countries, despite the EU Nickel Directive. To study the prevalence of nickel allergy in EU countries following the implementation of the EU Nickel Directive, we performed a systematic search in PubMed for studies that examined the prevalence of nickel allergy in EU countries published during 2005–2016. We identified 46 studies: 10 in the general population and 36 in patch tested dermatitis patients. A significantly lower prevalence of nickel allergy after than before the implementation of the EU Nickel Directive was found in women aged 18–35 years (11.4% versus 19.8%) (p = 0.02), in female dermatitis patients aged ≤17 years (14.3% versus 29.2%) (p < 0.0001), and in dermatitis patients aged 18–30 years (women: 20.2% versus 36.6%) (p < 0.0001) (men: 4.9% versus 6.6%) (p < 0.0001). Overall, the prevalence was higher in southern than in northern EU countries, and generally remained high, affecting 8–18% of the general population. A consistent pattern of decreasing prevalence of nickel allergy in some EU countries was observed, although the prevalence among young women remains high. Steps should be taken for better prevention of nickel allergy in EU countries.
The role of the cytopathologist in subtyping and epidermal growth factor receptor testing in non‐small cell lung cancer: An institutional experience
Authors: Sekar A. , Gupta N. , Rajwanshi A. , Chaturvedi R. , Singh N. , Lal A. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveApproximately 10% of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclassifiable as NSCLC‐not otherwise specified (NOS), after using a panel of immunomarkers. The present study was undertaken to assess sensitivity and specificity of immunomarkers in sub‐typing NSCLC on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations were also detected in these samples.MethodsSixty cases of NSCLC including 15 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 15 adenocarcinomas (ADC) and 30 NSCLC‐NOS reported on FNAC were included in the study. A panel of CK7, CK5/6, TTF‐1 and p63 was applied in these cases. DNA was extracted from 54 cases including 14 effusion samples, and EGFR mutations were detected.ResultsClassic ADC cases (n=15) showed 73.3% TTF‐1 positivity and 100% CK7 positivity. Two cases of ADC showed aberrant expression of p63 and 2 cases showed CK5/6 positivity. 80% of classic SCC cases (n=15) showed strong nuclear p63 positivity and 86.6% were positive for CK5/6. TTF‐1 was seen exclusively in ADC cases. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using two immunomarkers (TTF‐1 and p63) helped in subtyping 24/30(80%) cases of NSCLC. EGFR mutations were detected in 9/54 (16.7%) cases, and the most common mutation was short in‐frame deletion in Exon 19.ConclusionsMore than 90% of NSCLC can be sub‐typed on cytology samples with the help of immunochemistry. The sensitivity of TTF‐1, p63, CK5/6 and CK7 was 73.3%, 80%, 100% and 100%, respectively. The specificity of TTF‐1, p63, CK5/6 and CK7 was 100%, 86.6%, 86.6% and 93.3%, respectively. TTF‐1 is highly specific, and almost 80% of NSCLC‐NOS cases can be sub‐typed using TTF‐1 and p63. EGFR mutations can be detected in cytology samples, and 16.7% samples were positive for EGFR mutations.
Supplier Innovation Strategy and Performance: A Matter of Supply Chain Market Positioning
Authors: Mackelprang Alan W. , Bernardes Ednilson , Burke Gerard J. , Welter Chris 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTExtant research consistently illustrates the positive benefits customers get from having more innovative suppliers. However, do suppliers benefit financially from positioning themselves as leading innovators? Utilizing a secondary dataset of 1039 supplier to customer base observations, and grounding our study in the structure‐conduct‐performance framework, we examine the extent to which suppliers are able to benefit from pursuing a more leading or lagging innovation strategy within their industry. While in general we find that suppliers employing a leading innovator strategy have higher levels of financial performance, such an effect is not universal. Rather, the ability of the supplying firm to leverage their innovation strategy into increased performance is highly contingent upon not only the innovation levels of their own industry, but also the innovation levels of the industries which they supply. Our results, therefore, suggest that it would be advantageous for suppliers to take a supply chain perspective and strategically incorporate the innovation characteristics of their customers when determining whether to pursue a leading or lagging innovation strategy.
Keeping safe. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in persons with Type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia: a qualitative study
Authors: Vloemans A. F. , van Beers C. A. J. , de Wit M. , Cleijne W. , Rondags S. M. , Geelhoed‐Duijvestijn P. H. , Kramer M. H. H. , Serné E. H. , Snoek F. J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimTo further our understanding of individual use and experience of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in adults with Type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia, we conducted a qualitative study supplementary to a randomized controlled trial, using semi‐structured interviews.MethodsTwenty‐three participants of the IN CONTROL trial were interviewed within 4 weeks after the last study visit. The interview centred around experiences of CGM, taking into account the person's expectations prior to the trial. The interview was semi‐structured, using open‐ended questions and, if needed, prompts were offered to elicit further responses. Using thematic analysis, the interview transcripts were coded independently by three members of the research team. The consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) were followed.ResultsOverall, CGM was experienced as helpful in gaining more insight into glucose variability, and temporarily improved sense of control, reduced distress and made participants less dependent on others. However, some participants experienced confrontation with CGM output as intrusive, while some reported frustration due to failing technique and difficulty trusting the device. Participants reported active and passive self‐management behaviours mirroring individual differences in attitudes and coping styles.ConclusionsIn adults with Type 1 diabetes at risk of recurrent hypoglycaemia due to impaired awareness of hypoglycaemia, CGM use enhances a sense of control and safety for most, but not all. Future studies should further explore differential use of CGM in this population in the context of active and passive self‐management styles.
Improving type 2 diabetes mellitus glycaemic outcomes is possible without spending more on medication: Lessons from the UK National Diabetes Audit
Authors: Heald Adrian H. , Livingston Mark , Malipatil Nagaraj , Becher Michal , Craig Joyce , Stedman Mike , Fryer Anthony A. 
Published: July 2017

AimsTo determine the factors at general practice level that relate to glycaemic control outcomes in people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).MethodsData were accessed from 4050 general practices (50% of total) covering 1.6 million patients with T2DM in the UK National Diabetes Audit 2013 to 2014 and 2014 to 2015. This audit reported characteristics, services and outcomes in the T2DM population, including percentage of patients who had total glycaemic control (TGC), defined as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) ≤7.5% (58 mmol/mol), and the percentage who were at higher glycaemic risk (HGR), defined as HbA1c >10% (86 mmol/mol); the respective figures were 67.2% and 6.2%. The medication data were examined in terms of annual defined daily doses (DDDs). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify associations between DDD and patient and practice characteristics.ResultsOver the period 2012/2013 to 2015/2016, patient numbers grew 4% annually and annual medication expenditure by 8%, but glycaemic control outcomes did not improve. The main findings were that practices with better outcomes: had a higher percentage of patients aged >65 years; provided more effective diabetes services (including case identification, care checks, patient education, percentage of patients with blood pressure and cholesterol under control and more patients with type 1 diabetes achieving target HbA1c levels); spent less overall on prescribing per patient with T2DM; and on average, prescribed fewer sulphonylureas, less insulin (for patients with T2DM), fewer glucagon‐like peptide‐1 agonists, more metformin, more dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, and more blood glucose monitoring strips. Ethnicity and social disadvantage and levels of thiazolidinedione (glitazone) prescribing had no significant impact on outcomes. Sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor use was too low for an effect to be observed in the period examined.ConclusionsIf all practices brought their service and medication to the level of the top decile practices, they could achieve 74.7% compared with the median of 67.3% of patients achieving TGC, showing an increase of 213 000 in patients achieving TGC, while reducing the number at HGR to 3.8% compared with 6.1%, benefiting 62 000 patients. This could have a major impact on the overall consequent healthcare costs of managing diabetes complications with their attendant mortality risks.
Beneficial long‐term antidiabetic actions of N‐ and C‐terminally modified analogues of apelin‐13 in diet‐induced obese diabetic mice
Authors: Parthsarathy Vadivel , Hogg Christopher , Flatt Peter R. , O'Harte Finbarr P. M. 
Published: July 2017

AimsTo investigate the chronic effects of twice‐daily administration of stable apelin analogues, apelin‐13 amide and pyroglutamyl (pGlu) apelin‐13 amide, on metabolic variables in glucose‐intolerant and insulin‐resistant diet‐induced obese mice fed a high‐fat diet for 150 days.MethodsGroups of mice received twice‐daily (9 am and 5 pm) injections of saline vehicle, apelin‐13 amide, (pGlu)apelin‐13 amide or exendin‐4(1‐39) for 28 days (all at 25 nmol/kg). Energy intake, body weight, non‐fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin, glucose tolerance, metabolic response to feeding and insulin sensitivity, together with pancreatic hormone content and biochemical variables such as lipids and total GLP‐1 were monitored. Dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry analysis and indirect calorimetry were also performed.ResultsAdministration of apelin‐13 amide, (pGlu)apelin‐13 amide or exendin‐4 significantly decreased body weight, food intake and blood glucose and increased plasma insulin compared with high‐fat‐fed saline‐treated controls (P < .05 and P < .001), Additionally, all peptide‐treated groups exhibited improved glucose tolerance (oral and intraperitoneal), metabolic responses to feeding and associated insulin secretion. (pGlu)apelin‐13 amide also significantly improved glycated haemoglobin and insulin sensitivity after 28 days. Both (pGlu)apelin‐13 amide and exendin‐4 increased bone mineral content and decreased respiratory exchange ratio, whereas only (pGlu)apelin‐13 amide increased energy expenditure. All treatment groups displayed reduced circulating triglycerides and increased glucagon‐like peptide‐1 concentrations, although only (pGlu)apelin‐13 amide significantly reduced LDL cholesterol and total body fat, and increased pancreatic insulin content.ConclusionThese data indicate the therapeutic potential of stable apelin‐13 analogues, with effects equivalent to or better than those of exendin‐4.