bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Second‐Best Theory: Ageing well at Sixty
Authors: Boadway Robin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe summarize the evolution of the theory of second best since the original contribution of Richard Lipsey and Kelvin Lancaster. Early studies investigated the optimality of piecemeal first‐best policy in controlled sectors when distortions exist elsewhere. The applied welfare economics approach of Arnold Harberger and its embodiment in cost–benefit analysis incorporated second‐best analysis into the evaluation of public programs. Modern second‐best analysis emphasizes policy‐making in a distorted economy where distortions reflect either constraints on government policy instruments or features of the economic environment such as limited government information. This is illustrated using optimal commodity and income taxation and its refinements to intertemporal and uncertain settings. Second‐best analysis is a defining feature of modern normative public economics.
Ethical living: relinking ethics and consumption through care in Chile and Brazil
Authors: Ariztia Tomas , Agloni Nurjk , Pellandini‐Simányi Léna 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMainstream conceptualizations of ‘ethical consumption’ equate the notion with conscious, individual, market‐mediated choices motivated by ethical or political aims that transcend ordinary concerns. Drawing on recent sociology and anthropology of consumption literature on the links between ordinary ethics and ethical consumption, this article discusses some of the limitations of this conceptualization. Using data from 32 focus groups conducted in Chile and Brazil, we propose a conceptualization of ethical consumption that does not centre on individual, market‐mediated choices but understands it at the level of practical outcomes, which we refer to as different forms of ‘ethical living’. To do that, we argue, we need to depart from the deontological understanding of ethics that underpins mainstream approaches to ethical consumption and adopt a more consequentialist view focusing on ethical outcomes. We develop these points through describing one particular ordinary moral regime that seemed to be predominant in participants’ accounts of ethics and consumption in both Chile and Brazil: one that links consumption and ethics through care. We show that the moral regime of care leads to ‘ethical outcomes’, such as energy saving or limiting overconsumption, yet contrary to the mainstream view of ethical consumption emphasizing politicized choice expressed through markets, these result from following ordinary ethics, often through routines of practices.
Psychopathy and Mortality
Authors: Vaurio Olli , Repo‐Tiihonen Eila , Kautiainen Hannu , Tiihonen Jari 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIt is not known how mortality differs between psychopathic and nonpsychopathic individuals. We linked data from subjects having been in forensic mental examinations at Niuvanniemi Hospital during 1984–1993 to the data from the National Death Registry to estimate the association between psychopathy and mortality. One hundred psychopathic individuals scoring 25 or higher in the PCL‐R scale were followed up for 20–30 years. Two control groups were used as follows: 178 offenders scoring less than 25 on the PCL‐R, and sample of general population drawn from the Finnish National Statistics database. Results reveal that psychopaths die younger than the general population, and the causes of death are more violent than in the nonpsychopath control group. There was a significant positive correlation between PCL‐R score and mortality, and the mortality among psychopaths was about fivefold when compared with general population.
Steering CSR Through Home State Regulation: A Comparison of the Impact of the UK Bribery Act and Modern Slavery Act on Global Supply Chain Governance
Authors: LeBaron Genevieve , Rühmkorf Andreas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe home states of multinational enterprises have in recent years sought to use public regulation to fill the gaps left by the absence of a binding labour standards framework in international law. This article examines recent home state initiatives to address forced labour, human trafficking, and slavery in global supply chains, and their interactions with private governance initiatives. Focusing on a case study of the 2015 UK Modern Slavery Act and 2010 UK Bribery Act, we analyse two distinct legislative approaches that policy makers have used to promote corporate accountability within global supply chains and explore the varied impacts that these approaches have on corporate behaviour. Empirically, we analyse codes of conduct, annual CSR reports, and supplier terms and conditions for 25 FTSE 100 companies to shed light into the impact of the legislation on corporate behaviour. We find that legislation that creates criminal corporate liability appears to spur deeper changes to corporate strategy, and argue that in the case of the Modern Slavery Act, the triumph of voluntary reporting over more stringent public labour standards seems to have undermined the effectiveness of recent governance initiatives to address forced labour in global supply chains.
How Do Domestic Regulatory Traditions Shape CSR in Large International US and UK Firms?
Authors: Knudsen Jette Steen 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article examines corporate social responsibility (CSR) pertaining to labor standards in apparel and tax transparency in extractives and explores how domestic regulatory traditions shape CSR in large international US and UK firms. Reflecting their more collaborative business‐government traditions, British firms are more willing to join international CSR multi‐stakeholder initiatives with business‐critical actors such as unions and civil society actors. The US has a more top‐down regulatory approach, which promotes hard law international CSR or encourages business‐driven voluntary CSR initiatives. This article makes three contributions. First, it argues that while corporations are the key actors in international CSR, their behavior reflects their respective national business systems. Second, focusing on a range of international CSR initiatives, this article finds that UK firms are more interested in adopting international (multi‐stakeholder) CSR initiatives than US firms. Finally, the article shows that the US and the UK governments play a key role in driving an international CSR agenda, and in doing this it highlights government agency more so than other research has.
Claims for compensation after injuries related to airway management: a nationwide study covering 15 years
Authors: Fornebo I. , Simonsen K. A. , Bukholm I. R. K. , Kongsgaard U. E. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundSecuring the airway is one of the most important responsibilities in anaesthesia. Injuries related to airway management can occur. Analysis from closed claims can help to identify patterns of injury, risk factors and areas for improvement.MethodsAll claims to The Norwegian System of Compensation to Patients from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2015 within the medical specialty of anaesthesiology were studied. Data were extracted from this database for patients and coded by airway management procedures.ResultsOf 400 claims for injuries related to airway management, 359 were classified as ‘non‐severe’ and 41 as ‘severe’. Of the severe cases, 37% of injuries occurred during emergency procedures. Eighty‐one claims resulted in compensation, and 319 were rejected. A total of €1,505,344 was paid to the claimants during the period. Claims of dental damage contributed to a numerically important, but financially modest, proportion of claims. More than half of the severe cases were caused by failed intubation or a misplaced endotracheal tube.ConclusionAnaesthesia procedures are not without risk, and injuries can occur when securing the airway. The most common injury was dental trauma. Clear patterns of airway management that resulted in injuries are not apparent from our data, but 37% of severe cases were related to emergency procedures which suggest the need for additional vigilance. Guidelines for difficult intubation situations are well established, but adherence to such guidelines varies. Good planning of every general anaesthesia should involve consideration of possible airway problems and assessment of pre‐existing poor dentition.
Coronary sinus lead delay index for optimization of coronary sinus lead placement
Authors: Koç Mevlüt , Kaypakli Onur , Gözübüyük Gökhan , Yıldıray Şahin Durmus 
Published: May 2017

AimOptimization of coronary sinus (CS) lead position to the latest activated left ventricular (LV) area is important to increase cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) response. We aimed to detect the relationship between coronary sinus lead delay index (CSDI) and echocardiographic, electrocardiographic response to CRT treatment.MethodsWe prospectively included 137 consecutive patients with heart failure (HF) diagnosis, QRS ≥ 120 ms, left bundle branch block (LBBB), New York Heart Association score (NYHA) II–IV, LV ejection fraction (LVEF) <35% and scheduled for CRT (84 male, 53 female; mean age 65.1 ± 10.1 years). Echocardiographic CRT response was defined as ≥15% reduction in LV end‐systolic volume (LVESV). CS lead sensing delay was calculated as the time interval from the onset of surface QRS wave to the onset of depolarization wave recorded from the CS lead by using the CS pacing lead as a bipolar electrode. CSDI was calculated by dividing the CS lead sensing delay by the QRS duration.ResultsLVESV reduction was associated with baseline QRS width (r = .257, p = .002), QRS narrowing (r = .396, p < .001), CSDI (r = .357, p < .001), and NT‐proBNP (r = −0.213, p = .022) in bivariate analysis. In logistic regression analysis, CSDI was found to be only independent parameter for predicting significant LVESV reduction (Beta = 0.318, p < .001). CSDI was also found to be significantly associated with LVEF increase (r = .244, p = .004) and QRS narrowing (r = .178, p = .046).ConclusionCSDI may be used as a marker to predict the favorable response to CRT. It may be useful to integrate CSDI to CRT implantation procedure in order to minimize nonresponders.
Repetitive ventricular tachycardia in a syncopal child: Cause or incidental finding ?
Authors: Massin Martial , Jacquemart Caroline , Khaldi Karim 
Published: May 2017

A 15‐year‐old girl suffered recurrent syncopal episodes during 7 years. Events were precipitated by exercise or emotional stress, leading to the diagnosis of reflex syncope. Exercise testing induced recurrent salvos of nonsustained right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia. This arrhythmia is often asymptomatic, reflex syncope is very frequent and both causes are related to the same triggering situations. It was therefore essential to obtain recordings during syncopal events and to observe the clinical evolution under effective treatment in order to make the right diagnosis.
Genomic evaluation using SNP‐ and haplotype‐based genomic relationship matrices in a closed line of Duroc pigs
Authors: Uemoto Yoshinobu , Sato Shuji , Kikuchi Takashi , Egawa Sachiko , Kohira Kimiko , Sakuma Hironori , Miyashita Satoshi , Arata Shinji , Kojima Takatoshi , Suzuki Keiichi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA simulation analysis and real phenotype analysis were performed to evaluate the impact of three different relationship matrices on heritability estimation and prediction accuracy in a closed‐line breeding of Duroc pigs. The numerator relationship matrix (NRM), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)‐based genomic relationship matrix (GRM) (GS), and haplotype‐based GRM (GH) were applied in this study. We used PorcineSNP60 genotype array data (38 114 SNPs) of 831 Duroc pigs with four selection traits. In both heritability estimation and prediction accuracy, the accuracy depended on the number of animals with records. For heritability estimation, a large difference in the results among three relationship matrices was not shown, but the trend of the estimated heritabilities between GRMs, that is GS < GH, was shown in this population. For the accuracy of prediction values in test animals, the accuracies of prediction values obtained by two GRMs were higher than that by the NRM in this population. The accuracies obtained by GRMs using animals with no records were lower than that by the NRM using animals with their performance records, but were close to that by the NRM using animals with full‐sib testing records.
Effects of taurine on plasma glucose concentration and active glucose transport in the small intestine
Authors: Tsuchiya Yo , Kawamata Koichi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTaurine lowers blood glucose levels and improves hyperglycemia. However, its effects on glucose transport in the small intestine have not been investigated. Here, we elucidated the effect of taurine on glucose absorption in the small intestine. In the oral glucose tolerance test, addition of 10 mmol/L taurine suppressed the increase in hepatic portal glucose concentrations. To investigate whether the suppressive effect of taurine occurs via down‐regulation of active glucose transport in the small intestine, we performed an assay using the everted sac of the rat jejunum. Addition of taurine to the mucosal side of the jejunum suppressed active glucose transport via sodium‐glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1). After elimination of chloride ions from the mucosal solution, taurine did not show suppressive effects on active glucose transport. These results suggest that taurine suppressed the increase in hepatic portal glucose concentrations via suppression ofSGLT1 activity in the rat jejunum, depending on chloride ions.
Effect of increasing monensin sodium levels in diets with virginiamycin on the finishing of Nellore cattle
Authors: Benatti João Marcos B. , Alves Neto João Alexandrino , de Oliveira Ivanna M. , de Resende Flávio D. , Siqueira Gustavo R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study evaluated the effect of increasing levels of monensin sodium (MON) in diets with virginiamycin (VM) on the finishing of feedlot cattle. Two hundred and eighty intact male Nellore cattle (348 ± 32 kg body weight, 22 months) received one of the following five diets: control diet (without additives); diet containing VM (25 mg per kg dry matter) combined with 0 (MON0), 10 (MON10), 20 (MON20) or 30 (MON30) mg MON per kg dry matter. During adaptation (28 days), the MON0 diet increased dietary net energy for maintenance and gain compared to the control diet (P = 0.04). The combination of additives linearly reduced dry matter intake, body weight and average daily gain (P < 0.01). Considering the total study period (110 days), there was a trend of greater net energy intake for maintenance (P = 0.09) and hot carcass weight (P = 0.06) for animals fed MON0 compared to the control diet. The combination of additives linearly reduced dry matter intake (P = 0.04) and linearly increased gain : feed and dietary net energy for maintenance and gain (P < 0.01). The combination of VM with MON at a dose of 30 mg/kg dry matter is recommended for Nellore feedlot cattle because it improves the efficiency of energy utilization.
A suspected case of intermediate syndrome in a dog with carbamate toxicosis
Authors: Tinson E , Boller E , Davis M 
Published: May 2017

Case reportA 7‐year‐old female spayed Labrador Retriever was managed for suspected carbamate toxicosis after confirmed ingestion of a large amount of methiocarb. Therapy included decontamination, supportive care and management for aspiration pneumonia. On the third day of hospitalisation, after an initial clinical improvement, the dog developed respiratory muscle weakness, inspiratory dyspnoea and pronounced cervical muscle weakness. These delayed clinical signs were consistent with the ‘intermediate syndrome’ described in some cases of organophosphate and carbamate toxicoses in humans and also described in one case of organophosphate toxicosis in the dog. Intermediate syndrome has not been reported in carbamate toxicosis in the dog.ConclusionThis case report highlights the necessity for veterinarians to monitor for additional complications not commonly considered in acute carbamate toxicoses.
End‐to‐side anastomosis of the left ventral colon to the small colon in a neonatal foal with segmental agenesis of the large colon
Authors: Biasutti S , Dart AJ , Dart CM , Uquillas E , Jeffcott LB 
Published: May 2017

Case reportA newborn foal was referred for evaluation because it had not passed meconium, despite the administration of four enemas. Abdominal radiographs and ultrasound scans showed generalised gaseous distension of the intestine and there was no observable meconium in the colon. Positive contrast colography showed contrast medium extending to the transverse colon. An exploratory laparotomy confirmed the absence of the left and right dorsal colon and the pelvic and diaphragmatic flexures. An end‐to‐side anastomosis of the left ventral colon to the midpoint of the small colon was performed. The foal recovered from anaesthesia and surgery uneventfully and immediately began suckling from the mare, with no signs of abdominal pain in the postoperative period. The foal began to pass soft faeces 3 days after surgery and at 6 months after surgery the foal was clinically normal and growing at a similar rate to its cohort.ConclusionIntestinal atresia is a rare condition in foals, but should be considered as a differential diagnosis in foals that fail to pass meconium. Early recognition and surgical intervention can offer an improved chance of short‐term survival in cases where there is adequate intestine to anastomose. An end‐to‐side anastomosis technique can be used where an end‐to‐end technique is not practical because of the difference in diameter of the proximal and distal intestinal segments.
Prevalence and effect of Theileria orientalis infection in homebred calves in the Gloucester region of New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Swilks E , Jenkins C , Poynting A , Collins D , Krebs GL 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of Theileria orientalis in the Gloucester area of New South Wales and its effect on individual animals.MethodsBlood samples (EDTA and clotted blood) were collected from a total of 55 calves and their dams from 6 properties over a 16‐week period. A total of 202 and 190 blood samples were collected from the calves and dams, respectively, and were examined via blood film for the presence of intraerythrocytic T. orientalis piroplasms. Packed cell volume (PCV) was measured to determine infection resulting in anaemia. The presence of antibodies against the T. orientalis major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) was tested using ELISA.ResultsThe overall prevalence of T. orientalis infection in both dams and calves from all herds examined was 95%. Mean peak parasitaemia was observed in calves between 6 and 9 weeks of age (P = 0.051), coinciding with a decline in mean PCV. Only 3 (6%) of the blood samples collected from the dams were positive for Theileria‐associated antibodies and no significant relationship (P > 0.05) was found between the presence of antibodies in the dams and PCV levels in the calves. There was no evidence that passive transfer of antibodies from dams to calves protected the calves against a decline in PCV.ConclusionThis study confirmed a high prevalence of low‐level Theileria infection, but low MPSP seroconversion rates, in dams and calves in an area where the disease has been endemic for a number of years.
Pharmacokinetic Properties of Memantine after a Single Intraperitoneal Administration and Multiple Oral Doses in Euploid Mice and in the Ts65Dn Mouse Model of Down's Syndrome
Authors: Victorino Daniella B. , Bederman Ilya R. , Costa Alberto C. S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMemantine is a drug approved for the treatment of moderate‐to‐severe Alzheimer's disease (AD), and there is ongoing research on the potential expansion of its clinical applicability. Published data on the pharmacokinetics of memantine in the mouse are still incomplete, particularly for chronic administration regimens and mouse models of specific genetic disorders. Down's syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder known to affect multiple organs and systems, with the potential to alter significantly drug pharmacokinetics. Here, we describe a simple, efficient and sensitive GC/MS‐based procedure for the determination of memantine concentrations in murine blood and tissue samples. We analysed pharmacokinetic properties of memantine, particularly its distribution in blood, brain and liver in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS and euploid F1 hybrid mice after single intraperitoneal administrations of increasing doses of this drug. We also determined steady‐state memantine concentrations in plasma, brain and liver after chronic oral administration of this drug in adult male Ts65Dn mice, euploid littermate controls and nursing or pregnant Ts65Dn mice. Our results revalidated the acute dose of memantine used in previously published work, determined the appropriate amount of memantine to be mixed into mouse chow to achieve steady and pharmacologically relevant plasma and tissue levels of this drug and demonstrated that memantine can be transferred from mother to offspring via maternal milk and placenta. Most of these findings are potentially applicable not only to the study of DS but also to other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders.
The emerging role of anti‐CD25 directed therapies as both immune modulators and targeted agents in cancer
Authors: Flynn Michael J. , Hartley John A. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryCD25 (also termed IL2RA) forms one component of the high‐affinity heterotrimeric interleukin 2 (IL2) receptor on activated T cells. Its affinity for IL2 and cellular function are tightly regulated and vary in different cell types. The high frequency of CD25 on the surface of many different haematological tumour cells is now well established and, apart from its prognostic significance, CD25 may be present on leukaemic stem cells and enable oncogenic signalling pathways in leukaemic cells. Additionally, high CD25 expression in activated circulating immune cells and Tregs is a factor that has already been exploited by IL2 immunotherapies for treatment of tumours and autoimmune disease. The relative clinical safety and efficacy of administering anti‐CD25 radioimmunoconjugates and immunotoxins in various haematological tumour indications has been established and clinical trials of a novel CD25‐directed antibody drug conjugate are underway.
Recent progress in relapsed multiple myeloma therapy: implications for treatment decisions
Authors: Moreau Philippe , de Wit Edwin 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe availability of novel therapies for the treatment of multiple myeloma has had a dramatic impact on the depth of response that can be expected on initial treatment. Despite these advances, disease relapse remains inevitable in most patients and brings with it a different set of priorities for therapy. The most recent wave of novel agents may have a particular impact in the relapsed setting. In this review, we examine the evidence currently available from clinical trials for the use of novel agents, particularly in the formation of triplet therapy. We consider data supporting the addition of the proteasome inhibitors carfilzomib and ixazomib, or the monoclonal antibodies elotuzumab or daratumumab, to a treatment backbone of lenalidomide and dexamethasone. The clinical data set is less well developed for the addition of a third agent to the combination of bortezomib and dexamethasone; nonetheless, data are presented supporting the addition of the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat, or elotuzumab or daratumumab. While acknowledging the lack of head‐to‐head data on which to base comparisons between the numerous regimens, we collate the latest data in order to provide a basis on which to make clinical decisions in this rapidly advancing field.
Pharmacology of oxidative stress: translational opportunities
Authors: Daiber Andreas , Di Lisa Fabio , Ferdinandy Péter 
Published: May 2017

Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Redox Biology and Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.12/issuetoc