bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing the axial dipole hypothesis for the Moon by modeling the direction of crustal magnetization
Authors: Oliveira J. S. , Wieczorek M. A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOrbital magnetic field data show that portions of the Moon's crust are strongly magnetized, and paleomagnetic data of lunar samples suggest that Earth strength magnetic fields could have existed during the first several hundred million years of lunar history. The origin of the fields that magnetized the crust are not understood and could be the result of either a long‐lived core‐generated dynamo or transient fields associated with large impact events. Core dynamo models usually predict that the field would be predominantly dipolar, with the dipole axis aligned with the rotation axis. We test this hypothesis by modeling the direction of crustal magnetization using a global magnetic field model of the Moon derived from Lunar Prospector and Kaguya magnetometer data. We make use of a model that assumes that the crust is unidirectionally magnetized. The intensity of magnetization can vary with the crust, and the best fitting direction of magnetization is obtained from a nonnegative least squares inversion. From the best fitting magnetization direction we obtain the corresponding north magnetic pole predicted by an internal dipolar field. Some of the obtained paleopoles are associated with the current geographic poles, while other well‐constrained anomalies have paleopoles at equatorial latitudes, preferentially at 90° east and west longitudes. One plausible hypothesis for this distribution of paleopoles is that the Moon possessed a long‐lived dipolar field but that the dipole was not aligned with the rotation axis as a result of large‐scale heat flow heterogeneities at the core‐mantle boundary.
Fibromyalgia and the Prediction of Two‐Year Changes in Functional Status in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Kim Hyein , Cui Jing , Frits Michelle , Iannaccone Christine , Coblyn Jonathan , Shadick Nancy A. , Weinblatt Michael E. , Lee Yvonne C. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivePrevious cross‐sectional studies have shown that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with fibromyalgia (FM) have higher disease activity, greater medical costs, and worse quality of life compared to RA patients without FM. We determined the impact of FM on 2‐year changes in the functional status of RA patients in a prospective study.MethodsSubjects included participants in the Brigham Rheumatoid Arthritis Sequential Study who were enrolled in a substudy of the effects of pain in RA. Subjects completed questionnaires, including the Multi‐Dimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ) and Polysymptomatic Distress (PSD) scale, semiannually, and underwent physical examination and laboratory tests yearly.ResultsOf the 156 included RA subjects, 16.7% had FM, while 83.3% did not. In a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for age, sex, race, baseline MDHAQ score, disease duration, rheumatoid factor/cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody seropositivity, disease activity, and psychological distress, RA patients with FM had a 0.14 greater 2‐year increase in MDHAQ score than RA patients without FM (P = 0.021). In secondary analyses examining the association between continuous PSD scale score and change in MDHAQ, higher PSD scale scores were significantly associated with greater 2‐year increases in MDHAQ score (β coefficient 0.013, P = 0.011).ConclusionBoth the presence of FM and increasing number of FM symptoms predicted worsening of functional status among individuals with RA. Among individuals with RA and FM, the magnitude of the difference in changes in MDHAQ was 4‐ to 7‐fold higher than typical changes in MDHAQ score among individuals with established RA.
Hematology patient reported symptom screen to assess quality of life for AL amyloidosis
Authors: Warsame Rahma , Kumar Shaji K. , Gertz Morie A. , Lacy Martha Q. , Buadi Francis K. , Hayman Suzanne R. , Leung Nelson , Dingli David , Lust John A. , Lin Yi , Russell Stephen , Kapoor Prashant , Go Ronald S. , Kourelis Taxiarchis , Gonsalves Wilson , Zeldenrust Steven R. , Kyle Robert A. , Vincent Rajkumar S. , Zemla Tyler , Sloan Jeffrey , Dispenzieri Angela 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPatients with light chain amyloidosis (AL) often have delayed diagnosis and present with significant symptomatology; this may result in decreased quality of life (QOL). We prospectively employ a “Hematology Patient Reported Symptom Screen” (HPRSS), which is three questions about fatigue, pain, and QOL, scored 0–10. The aim of this study is to better understand QOL and determine if HPRSS parameters predict for clinical outcomes. From 2009 to 2014, 302 newly diagnosed AL patients were included. Baseline median scores [interquartile range] for fatigue, pain, and QOL were 6 [3,7], 2 [0,5], 5 [3,8], respectively. Median overall survival was 53 months, with 102 (34%) deaths in the first year. There were significant differences in baseline HPRSS between those that lived longer than one year and early death patients in the domains of fatigue (5 [IQR 3, 7] vs. 7 [IQR 5, 8], P < 0.0001) and QOL (6 [IQR 4, 8] vs. 5 [IQR 3, 7], P = 0.006). On univariate analysis fatigue, QOL, physician‐reported performance status, autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), and Mayo stage were prognostic for survival. On multivariate analysis Mayo stage, ASCT, and baseline fatigue remained independently prognostic. When analyses were restricted to the 125 patients with HPRSS measurements at 12 months, we found that over time QOL scores improved significantly 6 [IQR 3.5, 8] → 7 [IQR 5, 8] (P = 0.01). Asking AL patients to rate their fatigue and QOL has predictive value. Baseline patient reported fatigue is an independent prognostic factor for survival. Survival at one year was associated with significant improvement in QOL.
F508del genotype in endoscopic sinus surgery: do differences in outcomes exist between genotypic subgroups?
Authors: Halderman Ashleigh A. , West Natalie , Benke James , Roxbury Christopher R. , Lin Sandra Y. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe impact of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) on pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with chronic rhinosinusitis remains unclear, as studies have demonstrated conflicting results. To date, no study has looked specifically at the impact of CF genotype on lung function after ESS. In this study, we reviewed changes in pulmonary function test (PFT) results after ESS in F508del homozygotes and heterozygotes.MethodsThe charts of 25 patients with CF without prior lung transplant, who underwent ESS performed by the same surgeon between the period of July 2005 to July 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. Data including genotype and PFT results were collected. Patients were grouped based on genotype. Pre‐ and postoperative PFTs were compared.ResultsSome differences in PFT outcomes after ESS could be seen on subgroup analyses. For example, when considered as a whole group, the overall cohort showed a significant improvement from preoperative FEV1 levels at 6 months after surgery (p = 0.0127). Interestingly, on subgroup analysis, the heterozygous group saw significant improvements from preoperative FEV1 levels at 6 and 12 months (p = 0.0155 and p = 0.0333, respectively). No significant improvements were seen from “baseline” FEV1 in either group at any timepoint.ConclusionPrior studies investigating the impact of ESS on pulmonary function in CF patients have shown conflicting results. To our knowledge, those earlier udies did not separate and compare different genotypes, which may have introduced heterogeneity in their patient populations. Our study suggests that grouping CF patients more strictly according to genotype or disease severity when investigating outcomes may reveal differences among various subgroups.
Hydronium‐Ion Batteries with Perylenetetracarboxylic Dianhydride Crystals as an Electrode
Authors: Wang Xingfeng , Bommier Clement , Jian Zelang , Li Zhifei , Chandrabose Raghu S. , Rodríguez‐Pérez Ismael A. , Greaney P. Alex , Ji Xiulei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate for the first time that hydronium ions can be reversibly stored in an electrode of crystalline 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA). PTCDA exhibits a capacity of 85 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after an initial conditioning process. Ex situ X‐ray diffraction revealed reversible and significant structure dilation upon reduction of PTCDA in an acidic electrolyte, which can only be ascribed to hydronium‐ion intercalation. The lattice expansion upon hydronium storage was theoretically explored by first‐principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which confirmed the hydronium storage in PTCDA.
High‐Power Actuation from Molecular Photoswitches in Enantiomerically Paired Soft Springs
Authors: Aßhoff Sarah J. , Lancia Federico , Iamsaard Supitchaya , Matt Benjamin , Kudernac Tibor , Fletcher Stephen P. , Katsonis Nathalie 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMotion in plants often relies on dynamic helical systems as seen in coiling tendrils, spasmoneme springs, and the opening of chiral seedpods. Developing nanotechnology that would allow molecular‐level phenomena to drive such movements in artificial systems remains a scientific challenge. Herein, we describe a soft device that uses nanoscale information to mimic seedpod opening. The system exploits a fundamental mechanism of stimuli‐responsive deformation in plants, namely that inflexible elements with specific orientations are integrated into a stimuli‐responsive matrix. The device is operated by isomerization of a light‐responsive molecular switch that drives the twisting of strips of liquid‐crystal elastomers. The strips twist in opposite directions and work against each other until the pod pops open from stress. This mechanism allows the photoisomerization of molecular switches to stimulate rapid shape changes at the macroscale and thus to maximize actuation power.
Anti–Citrullinated Protein Antibodies Are Associated With Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in the Sputum in Relatives of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
Authors: Demoruelle M. Kristen , Harrall Kylie K. , Ho Linh , Purmalek Monica M. , Seto Nickie L. , Rothfuss Heather M. , Weisman Michael H. , Solomon Joshua J. , Fischer Aryeh , Okamoto Yuko , Kelmenson Lindsay B. , Parish Mark C. , Feser Marie , Fleischer Chelsie , Anderson Courtney , Mahler Michael , Norris Jill M. , Kaplan Mariana J. , Cherrington Brian D. , Holers V. Michael , Deane Kevin D. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveStudies suggest that rheumatoid arthritis (RA)–related autoimmunity is initiated at a mucosal site. However, the factors associated with the mucosal generation of this autoimmunity are unknown, especially in individuals who are at risk of future RA. Therefore, we tested anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) antibodies in the sputum of RA‐free first‐degree relatives (FDRs) of RA patients and patients with classifiable RA.MethodsWe evaluated induced sputum and serum samples from 67 FDRs and 20 RA patients for IgA anti‐CCP and IgG anti‐CCP, with cutoff levels for positivity determined in a control population. Sputum was also evaluated for cell counts, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) using sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays for protein/nucleic acid complexes, and total citrulline.ResultsSputum was positive for IgA and/or IgG anti‐CCP in 14 of 20 RA patients (70%) and 17 of 67 FDRs (25%), including a portion of FDRs who were serum anti‐CCP negative. In the FDRs, elevations of sputum IgA and IgG anti‐CCP were associated with elevated sputum cell counts and NET levels. IgA anti‐CCP was associated with ever smoking and with elevated sputum citrulline levels.ConclusionAnti‐CCP is elevated in the sputum of FDRs, including seronegative FDRs, suggesting that the lung may be a site of anti‐CCP generation in this population. The association of anti‐CCP with elevated cell counts and NET levels in FDRs supports a hypothesis that local airway inflammation and NET formation may drive anti‐CCP production in the lung and may promote the early stages of RA development. Longitudinal studies are needed to follow the evolution of these processes relative to the development of systemic autoimmunity and articular RA.
Nitrogen‐Bridged Metallodiazaporphyrin Dimers: Synergistic Effects of Nitrogen Bridges and meso‐Nitrogen Atoms on Structure and Properties
Authors: Kawamata Masahiro , Sugai Takuma , Minoura Mao , Maruyama Yasuhisa , Furukawa Ko , Holstrom Cole , Nemykin Victor N. , Nakano Haruyuki , Matano Yoshihiro 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNH‐bridged and pyrazine‐fused metallodiazaporphyrin dimers have been prepared from nickel(II) and copper(II) complexes of 3‐amino‐5,15‐diazaporphyrin by Pd‐catalyzed C−N cross‐coupling and oxidative dimerization reactions, respectively. The synergistic effects of the nitrogen bridges and meso‐nitrogen atoms play major roles in enhancing the light‐harvesting properties and delocalization of an electron spin over the entire π‐skeletons of the metallodiazaporphyrin dimers.
An improved method for purification and refolding of recombinant HIV Vif expressed inEscherichia coli
Authors: Duarte Carlos A. , Palomino Mickel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractVirion infectivity factor (Vif) is a 23 kDa protein that protects HIV‐1 from deamination of its proviral DNA by APOBEC3G. The active form of Vif is a multimer that interacts simultaneously with CBF‐beta, the elongin B and C subunits, Cullin 5, and APOBEC3G to form a ubiquitin ligase complex targeting the latter for degradation. Vif clearly represents an attractive target for developing novel antiviral drugs for the therapy of HIV/AIDS, and this goal requires a source of well folded, readily available protein. For that purpose, we have clonedVifin the pET28a expression vector, expressing the resulting His‐tagged recombinant protein in the BL21(DE3)Escherichia colistrain. After lysis, Vif was solubilized from the insoluble fraction with 6 M guanidinium chloride and purified by denaturing immobilized‐metal affinity chromatography, refolding the protein afterwards by dialysis. The use of 2‐(N‐morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid buffer at pH 6.2 and the presence of EDTA improved Vif refolding yields by reducing the formation of insoluble aggregates. The purified protein was bound by two monoclonal antibodies against sequential and conformational epitopes located at the C and N terminus, respectively.
The role of genes, intelligence, personality, and social engagement in cognitive performance in Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Skakkebæk Anne , Moore Philip J. , Pedersen Anders Degn , Bojesen Anders , Kristensen Maria Krarup , Fedder Jens , Laurberg Peter , Hertz Jens Michael , Østergaard John Rosendahl , Wallentin Mikkel , Gravholt Claus Højbjerg 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe determinants of cognitive deficits among individuals with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) are not well understood. This study was conducted to assess the impact of general intelligence, personality, and social engagement on cognitive performance among patients with KS and a group of controls matched for age and years of education.MethodsSixty‐nine patients with KS and 69 controls were assessed in terms of IQ, NEO personality inventory, the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) scale, and measures of cognitive performance reflecting working memory and executive function.ResultsPatients with KS performed more poorly on memory and executive‐function tasks. Patients with KS also exhibited greater neuroticism and less extraversion, openness, and conscientiousness than controls. Memory deficits among patients with KS were associated with lower intelligence, while diminished executive functioning was mediated by both lower intelligence and less social engagement.ConclusionOur results suggest that among patients with KS, memory deficits are principally a function of lower general intelligence, while executive‐function deficits are associated with both lower intelligence and poorer social skills. This suggests a potential influence of social engagement on executive cognitive functioning (and/or vice‐versa) among individuals with KS, and perhaps those with other genetic disorders. Future longitudinal research would be important to further clarify this and other issues discussed in this research.
A genetic variant within STS previously associated with inattention in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is associated with enhanced cognition in healthy adult males
Authors: Humby Trevor , Fisher Amelia , Allen Christopher , Reynolds Meghann , Hartman Annette , Giegling Ina , Rujescu Dan , Davies William 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS) converts sulfated steroids to their non‐sulfated forms. Deficiency for this enzyme is associated with inattention but preserved response control. The polymorphism rs17268988 within the X‐linked STS gene is associated with inattentive, but not other, symptoms in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).MethodsWe initially tested whether rs17268988 genotype was associated with attention, response control, and underlying aspects of cognition, using questionnaires and neuropsychological tasks, in two independent cohorts of healthy adult males. In an additional analysis based upon existing data, the performance of mice with genetic or pharmacological manipulations of the STS axis under attentionally demanding conditions was investigated.ResultsG‐allele carriers at rs17268988 exhibited reduced reaction time, enhanced attention, and reduced reaction time variability relative to C‐allele carriers. Mice with genetic or pharmacological manipulations of the STS axis were shown to have perturbed reaction time variability.DiscussionOur findings provide additional support for an association between rs17268988 genotype and attention, which may be partially mediated by reaction time variability; they also indicate that, in contrast to the situation in boys with ADHD, in healthy men, the G‐allele at rs17268988 is associated with enhanced cognition. As reaction time variability is a predictor of well‐being, rs17268988 genotype may represent a biomarker for long‐term health.
Next‐generation sequencing of miRNAs in clinical samples of Epstein–Barr virus‐associated B‐cell lymphomas
Authors: Sakamoto Kouta , Sekizuka Tsuyoshi , Uehara Taeko , Hishima Tsunekazu , Mine Sohtaro , Fukumoto Hitomi , Sato Yuko , Hasegawa Hideki , Kuroda Makoto , Katano Harutaka 
Published: February 2017

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) encodes 49 microRNAs (miRNAs) in the BART and BHRF1 regions of its genome. Although expression profiles of EBV‐encoded miRNAs have been reported for EBV‐positive cell lines and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, to date there is little information about total miRNA expression, including cellular and viral miRNAs, in the primary tumors of EBV‐associated B‐lymphoproliferative disorders. In this study, next‐generation sequencing and quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐PCR were used to determine the expression profiles of miRNAs in EBV‐infected cell lines and EBV‐associated B‐cell lymphomas, including AIDS‐related diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), pyothorax‐associated lymphoma, methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorder, EBV‐positive DLBCL of the elderly, and Hodgkin lymphoma. Next‐generation sequencing revealed that EBV‐encoded miRNAs accounted for up to 34% of total annotated miRNAs in these cases. Expression of three miR‐BHRF1s was significantly higher in AIDS‐related DLBCL and pyothorax‐associated lymphoma compared with methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorder and EBV‐positive DLBCL of the elderly, suggesting the association of miR‐BHRF1s expression with latency III EBV infection. Heat map/clustering analysis of expression of all miRNAs, including cellular and EBV miRNAs, by next‐generation sequencing demonstrated that each EBV tumor, except methotrexate‐associated lymphoproliferative disorder, formed an isolated cluster. Principal component analysis based on the EBV‐encoded miRNA expression showed that each EBV tumor formed a distinguished cluster, but AIDS‐related DLBCL and pyothorax‐associated lymphoma formed larger clusters than other tumors. These data suggest that expression of miRNAs, including EBV‐encoded miRNAs, is associated with the tumor type and status of virus infection in these tumors.
Induction of cell death by pyropheophorbide‐α methyl ester‐mediated photodynamic therapy in lung cancer A549 cells
Authors: Tu Ping‐hua , Huang Wen‐jun , Wu Zhan‐ling , Peng Qing‐zhen , Xie Zhi‐bin , Bao Ji , Zhong Ming‐hua 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPyropheophorbide‐α methyl ester (MPPa) was a promising photosensitizer with stable chemical structure, strong absorption, higher tissue selectivity and longer activation wavelengths. The present study investigated the effect of MPPa‐mediated photodynamic treatment on lung cancer A549 cells as well as the underlying mechanisms. Cell Counting Kit‐8 was employed for cell viability assessment. Reactive oxygen species levels were determined by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Cell morphology was evaluated by Hoechst staining and transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane potential, cellular apoptosis and cell cycle distribution were evaluated flow‐cytometrically. The protein levels of apoptotic effectors were examined by Western blot. We found that the photocytotoxicity of MPPa showed both drug‐ and light‐ dose dependent characteristics in A549 cells. Additionally, MPPa‐PDT caused cell apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, inducing caspase‐9/caspase‐3 signaling activation as well as cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. These results suggested that MPPa‐PDT mainly kills cells by apoptotic mechanisms, with overt curative effects, indicating that MPPa should be considered a potent photosensitizer for lung carcinoma treatment.
Slowly on, Slowly off: Bisubstrate‐Analogue Conjugates of 5‐Iodotubercidin and Histone H3 Peptide Targeting Protein Kinase Haspin
Authors: Kestav Katrin , Viht Kaido , Konovalov Anton , Enkvist Erki , Uri Asko , Lavogina Darja 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe atypical protein kinase haspin is a key player in mitosis by catalysing the phosphorylation of Thr3 in histone H3, and thus ensuring the normal function of the chromosomal passenger complex. Here, we report the development of bisubstrate‐analogue inhibitors targeting haspin. The compounds were constructed by linking 5‐iodotubercidin to the N terminus of histone H3 peptide. The new conjugates show high affinity (sub‐nanomolar KD) towards haspin as well as slow kinetics of association and dissociation (residence time of several hours). This reflects a unique binding mode and translated into improved selectivity. The latter was confirmed in a biochemical binding/displacement assay with a panel of ten protein kinases, in a thermal shift assay with off‐targets of 5‐iodotubercidin (adenosine kinase and the Cdc2‐like kinase family) and in assay with spiked HeLa cell lysate.
A novel KRAS gene mutation report in sporadic colorectal cancer, from Northwest of Iran
Authors: Dolatkhah Roya , Somi Mohammad Hossein , Kermani Iraj Asvadi , Farassati Faris , Dastgiri Saeed 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageWhile the role of KRAS gene mutations has been widely accepted for predicting responses to anti‐EGFR therapy in patients with colorectal cancer, although this study was based on observation of a single case it gives hope that some KRAS gene mutation may have favorable prognosis. More studies are required on patients with similar mutation to validate this finding.
Anticoagulant therapy with fondaparinux in a liver transplant patient with thrombosis and liver fibrosis: a case report
Authors: Cafolla Arturo , Gentile Giuseppe 
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical MessageThe treatment with fondaparinux is the effective and safe anticoagulant therapy in liver transplant patient on immunosuppressive therapy with arterial thrombosis, and it seems able to reduce liver fibrosis. Although this treatment is not generalizable, further prospective large studies need to confirm this case report.