bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Individually mark–mass release–resight study elucidates effects of patch characteristics and distance on host patch location by an insect herbivore
Authors: SEZEN ZEYNEP , JOHNSON DEREK M. , SHEA KATRIONA 
Published: January 2017

1. How organisms locate their hosts is of fundamental importance in a variety of basic and applied ecological fields, including population dynamics, invasive species management and biological control. However, tracking movement of small organisms, such as insects, poses significant logistical challenges.2. Mass‐release and individual–mark–recapture techniques were combined in an individually mark–mass release–resight (IMMRR) approach to track the movement of over 2000 adult insects in an economically important plant–herbivore system. Despite its widespread use for the biological control of the invasive thistle Carduus nutans, the host‐finding behaviour of the thistle head weevil Rhinocyllus conicus has not previously been studied. Insects were released at different distances from a mosaic of artificially created host patches with different areas and number of plants to assess the ecological determinants of patch finding.3. The study was able to characterize the within‐season dispersal abilities and between‐patch movement patterns of R. conicus. Weevils found host plant patches over 900 m away. Large patches, with tall plants, situated close to the nearest release point had the highest first R. conicus resights. Patch area and plant density had no effect on the number of weevils resighted per plant; however, R. conicus individuals were more likely to disperse out of small patches and into large patches.4. By understanding how R. conicus locates host patches of C. nutans, management activities for the control of this invasive thistle can be better informed. A deeper mechanistic understanding of host location will also improve prediction of coupled plant–herbivore spatial dynamics in general.
Trophic Ecology ofArapaimasp. in a ria lake—river–floodplain transition zone of the Amazon
Authors: Carvalho Felipe , Power Michael , Forsberg Bruce R. , Castello Leandro , Martins Eduardo G. , Freitas Carlos E. C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNeotropical floodplains are usually productive systems that are maintained by the nutrient, detritus and sediment inputs provided by the main river channel flood pulse. Ria lakes represent a special feature and habitat in the Amazonian floodplains, being characterised by a dendritic morphology and dependence on terrestrial inputs provided by an intricate stream network. Our objective was to evaluate the trophic ecology of the arapaima (Arapaimasp.). We combined stomach content analysis with measurements of carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values from dorsal muscle to infer the ontogenetic changes in trophic level and isotopic niche width in floodplain and ria lakes. Arapaima diet was dominated by fish from low trophic positions. While most of the stomachs sampled in the study ria lake were full, empty stomachs predominated in samples taken in the floodplain lakes. These differences indicate that ria lakes may provide better feeding grounds for arapaima during the dry season, presumably because ria lakes are interconnected with a large stream network and the main river channel year round. Nitrogen stable isotope results further indicated an ontogenetic dietary shift in arapaima, with piscivory increasing as a function of length in both environments. Carbon stable isotope analysis indicated that energy sources used by arapaima varied by environment, with arapaima using a greater diversity of food sources in ria lakes than in floodplain lakes. Information about the main carbon sources is useful for fishery management because stakeholders may choose to conserve key vegetal groups to ensure the productivity and diversity of aquatic ecosystems.
Who needs AESOP? Predicting long‐term readmission rates from routine Early Intervention team discharge information
Authors: Taylor Matthew J. , Pena Tania Blanco , Perez‐Iglesias Rocio 
Published: January 2017

AimPrognosis following early psychosis is highly variable. Long‐term prognostic information from research studies is available in only a few areas. We sought to understand how well routine discharge information allows prediction of long‐term readmission prognosis.MethodsWe reviewed the records of 239 people leaving Early Intervention services, after an average of 2.5 years, and counted the number of relapses. The distribution was modelled and extrapolated to a predicted 10 year outcome. Model predictions were compared with published data.ResultsNumbers of relapses varied substantially, with 59% having no relapses before discharge, and 5% having 4 or more. Model predictions for 10‐year outcome were close to the observed data.ConclusionsA simple model can describe the distribution of numbers of relapses among people discharged from EI services, and predict long‐term outcomes matching those observed in formal research. This low‐cost approach could allow EI services to develop locale‐specific prognostic information.
Psychological, social and role functioning as predictors of psychosis in an adolescent psychiatric sample
Authors: Ärmänen Anna , Lahti Marius , Therman Sebastian , Suvisaari Jaana , Lindgren Maija 
Published: January 2017

AimRecent evidence from psychosis risk studies of preselected samples suggests that early functional impairment may be a vulnerability marker for psychosis. We investigated whether functional impairment predicted later risk of psychotic disorder and psychiatric hospitalizations in adolescents at entry to general psychiatric services.MethodsA total of 154 adolescents, aged 15 to 18 years, were recruited to the study at entry to general adolescent psychiatric services in Helsinki, Finland. Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndrome and Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder for DSM‐IV, Clinical version interviews were used to assess psychotic‐like symptoms, psychosis risk and psychiatric diagnoses. Of the adolescents, 46 met the criteria for clinical high risk status. The level of functioning was assessed with Global Functioning Social, Role and Psychological scales. The adolescents were followed for 3 to 9 (median = 5) years via a hospital discharge register. Cox regression analyses were used to examine whether baseline functioning predicted psychotic disorders and psychiatric hospitalizations when controlling for the effect of psychosis risk symptoms.ResultsImpairments in social, role or psychological functioning did not predict psychotic disorders beyond risk symptoms. Impairment in psychological functioning was the only significant predictor of any psychiatric hospitalization after adjusting for positive psychosis risk symptom severity and level of social and role functioning.ConclusionsPsychosis was predicted by psychotic‐like experiences at entry to psychiatric services. No aspect of functioning predicted psychosis in adolescents, which is likely to be explained by the low incidence of psychosis transitions. Severe mental disorders as assessed by psychiatric hospitalizations were predicted by more severe symptomatology as assessed by the psychological functioning scale.
Preliminary study of effects on paranoia ideation and jumping to conclusions in the context of group treatment of anxiety disorders in young people
Authors: Giusti Laura , Ussorio Donatella , Salza Anna , Malavolta Maurizio , Aggio Annalisa , Bianchini Valeria , Casacchia Massimo , Roncone Rita 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundPeople with anxiety disorders tend to focus on unpleasant and threatening stimuli. Our aims were to evaluate: (1) the presence of paranoid ideation, and the jumping to conclusions (JTC) bias in young suffering from an anxiety disorder and (2) the effectiveness of a cognitive‐behavioural intervention (CBT) to manage anxiety combined with 2 modules to reduce the JTC bias.MethodsPsychopathology, social functioning, metacognition and the JTC bias were investigated in 60 subjects, randomly assigned to the experimental CBT group + treatment‐as‐usual (TAU) (n = 35) or to a wait‐list group (n = 25) receiving only TAU. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups based on the score of the SCL‐90 subscale paranoid ideation (high paranoid ideation, HP; low paranoid ideation, LP). The experimental group received a weekly session of a CBT for a 3‐month period.ResultsAt baseline, 46.7% of our sample showed a HP and 38% showed a JTC biasAt the end of the intervention, greater effectiveness in improving anxious symptoms, paranoid ideation, interpersonal sensitivity and interpersonal relationship was reported in the experimental CBT + TAU group, with a statistically significant reduction of the JTC bias, displayed by 14.3% of the experimental group versus the 36% of the TAU group. In the same variables, greater benefits were reported for the HP experimental subgroup.ConclusionsOur study suggests the gains to integrate an anxiety CBT with modules to reduce the JTC bias in subjects with paranoid ideation, which may negatively impact the course of the disease.
Interdecadal decrease in potential fishing areas for Pacific saury off the southeastern coast of Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Kuroda Hiroshi , Yokouchi Katsumi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe examined interdecadal variations in potential fishing grounds for the Pacific saury, Cololabis saira, off the southeastern coast of Hokkaido, Japan, for the early fishing season of August–September. We applied linear trend analysis to a time series of several oceanographic variables for 1993–2014. Trends in the appearance frequency of sea surface temperatures (SST) of 12–18 °C during August–September indicated an interdecadal reduction in the potential fishing area off the Hokkaido coast. There were localized significant increases of both SST and the sea level anomaly along the Kuril–Kamchatka Trench off the Hokkaido coast. The localized trends coincided with decadal decreases of satellite‐based chlorophyll concentrations after 2002. Analysis of mesoscale eddies revealed that the localized trends were related to clockwise (counterclockwise) eddies that appeared more frequently (less frequently) near the trench in recent years. Moreover, the Oyashio transport on the slope between the coast and the trench decreased significantly and completely disappeared in some recent summers. Interactions between the Oyashio and mesoscale eddies resulted in an interdecadal shift in the cold‐water intrusion along the main stream of the Oyashio from the along‐slope direction to the offshore direction in the upstream region of the Hokkaido coast, and large areas of favorable potential fishing grounds near the Hokkaido coast have disappeared in recent years.
Does the strength of cross‐ecosystem trophic cascades vary with ecosystem size? A test using a natural microcosm
Authors: de Omena Paula M. , Srivastava Diane S. , Romero Gustavo Q. 
Published: January 2017

Summary

The cascading effect of predators on the functioning of adjacent ecosystems can occur when the life cycles of their prey include two ecosystems. However, there has been little consideration of which habitat attributes can modify the strength of these cross‐ecosystem trophic cascades. Habitat size can mediate the strength of predator–prey interactions, and thus affect within‐ecosystem trophic cascades. We hypothesise that similar effects of habitat size might affect cross‐ecosystem trophic cascades.

It has been shown that terrestrial predators (e.g. spiders) can capture terrestrial adult insects as they attempt to oviposit in the waters of bromeliads. Such terrestrial predators could therefore alter the trophic structure and functioning of the aquatic food web. If spiders affect an aquatic trophic level that is influenced by bromeliad size, then the strength of the cross‐ecosystem trophic cascade will also depend on bromeliad size.

To test this general hypothesis, we manipulated the presence of a funnel‐web spider (Aglaoctenus castaneus, Lycosidae), which builds a single web over water‐filled bromeliads, in bromeliads differing in size and examined effects on the aquatic invertebrate community and on ecosystem functions (decomposition, detrital nitrogen flux).

The effects of spiders were largely independent of bromeliad size. Spiders did initiate changes in the trophic structure of aquatic food webs, reducing the biomass of predators, especially damselflies and dytiscid beetles. Spiders also increased decomposition despite having no effect on detritivore biomass or composition.

These results are most parsimoniously explained by (i) a behaviourally mediated trophic cascade, whereby damselfly adults avoid bromeliads with spiders, and aquatic detritivores increase rates of detrital processing in the absence of damselfly larvae, and (ii) stimulation of decomposition through nutrients added from spider faeces and prey carcasses. We believe that this is the first study to show that terrestrial predators can affect decomposition by reducing the flux of keystone aquatic predators with complex life cycles.
Effects of life review interventions on psychosocial outcomes among older adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lan Xiuyan , Xiao Huimin , Chen Ying 
Published: January 2017

AimThe present study aimed to evaluate the effects of life review interventions on psychosocial outcomes among older adults.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Ovid, CINHAL, Cochrane library, PsycINFO, Springer Link, Oxford Journals Collection, FRMS, CBM, VIP, CNKI, and Wanfang to identify randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials that evaluate the effects of life review among older adults. The quality of studies included was evaluated and the relevant information was extracted. Then, a meta‐analysis was carried out with RevMan software.ResultsWe identified 15 studies that met the inclusion criteria, and 11 studies were allowed for meta‐analysis. The combined results of the meta‐analysis showed that life review significantly reduced depression (standardized mean difference 0.57, 95% CI 0.73 to –0.42) and hopelessness (mean difference [MD] 4.01, 95% CI 6.13 to –1.89). There was a significant improvement in well‐being (standardized mean difference 0.54, 95% CI 0.01–1.06) and specific memory (MD 1.05, 95% CI 0.07–2.03). However, other study findings did not support its effect in life satisfaction (MD 2.15, 95% CI 0.69– 5.00), self‐esteem (MD 0.21, 95% CI 2.09–2.50), the quality of life (standardized mean difference 0.15, 95% CI 0.96–0.66), extended memory (MD 0.03, 95% CI 0.61–0.55), categorical memory (MD 0.48, 95% CI 1.08– 0.12) and no recall (MD 0.30, 95% CI 1.12– 0.52).ConclusionsLife review is a worthwhile intervention for reducing depression and hopelessness, and improving quality of life, well‐being and specific memory in older adults. More well‐designed trials with a large sample and long‐term follow up are necessary to confirm the effects of life review on other psychosocial outcomes. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 1344–1357.
Characteristics of care management agencies affect expenditure on home help and day care services: A population‐based cross‐sectional study in Japan
Authors: Feng Mei , Igarashi Ayumi , Noguchi‐Watanabe Maiko , Yoshie Satoru , Iijima Katsuya , Yamamoto‐Mitani Noriko 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimThe financial interests of care management agencies can affect how care managers assist clients' use of long‐term care insurance services. The present study examined the relationship between clients' service expenditures, and whether the home help and day care service agencies belonged to the same organization as the care management agency.MethodsPopulation‐based data were obtained from a suburban municipality in Japan. We investigated 4331 persons with care needs certificates (levels 1–5), including those using home help (n = 1780) or day care (n = 2141) services. Data on the service expenditures, and clients' and agencies' characteristics were analyzed using multiple linear regression analyses controlling for potential confounders.ResultsHome help service users spent an average of US$558.1 ± 590.1 for home help service, and day care service users spent US$665.0 ± 415.9 for day care service. Living alone, living in a condominium/apartment, higher care needs, more severe cognitive impairment and lower use of other services were associated with higher home help service expenditure. Day care service expenditure increased with older age, female sex, higher care needs, more severe cognitive impairment and higher physical function. Clients whose service agencies and care management agencies belonged to the same organization had higher expenditures, even after adjusting for confounders (home help: β = 0.126, P = 0.007; day care: β = 0.085, P = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionsFinancial interests of care management agencies might significantly influence clients' service expenditure. We should develop an effective system to minimize this influence. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2224–2231.
Measurement of B‐domain‐deleted ReFacto AF activity with a product‐specific standard is affected by choice of reagent and patient‐specific factors
Authors: Jacquemin M. , Vodolazkaia A. , Toelen J. , Schoeters J. , Van Horenbeeck I. , Vanlinthout I. , Debasse M. , Peerlinck K. 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionPostinfusion ReFacto AF levels can be difficult to measure accurately due to discrepancies between one‐stage and chromogenic FVIII assays. To overcome this, the use of the ReFacto AF laboratory standard (RAFLS) is recommended, but there are discordant reports regarding its usefulness.AimWe investigated whether calibration with RAFLS and measurement of ReFacto AF levels are influenced by the choice of reagents and patient‐specific factors in one‐stage FVIII assays.MethodsCalibration curves were generated with both the RAFLS and a plasma standard using different F8DPs and one‐stage FVIII assay reagents. This selection of reagents was then used to determine FVIII levels in the plasma of patients repeatedly treated with ReFacto AF. Results were compared with those obtained with a chromogenic assay.ResultsF8DP devoid of von Willebrand factor (VWF) falsely increased the values of RAFLS pro‐coagulant activity generated using the APTT reagent. The resulting RAFLS calibration curve underestimated ReFacto AF levels to be half of their true concentration. The use of RAFLS with F8DP containing VWF reduced the discrepancy observed between the one‐stage and chromogenic FVIII assays. However, the mean difference between the two assays still varied up to 50% depending on the patient.ConclusionsThe RAFLS is a suitable calibrator for one‐stage FVIII assays carried out with F8DP containing VWF. However, calibration with the RAFLS does not avoid the effect of patient‐specific variables that contribute to discrepancies between the measurements of ReFacto AF levels with one‐stage and chromogenic FVIII assays.
Recombinant porcine factor VIII for high‐risk surgery in paediatric congenital haemophilia A with high‐titre inhibitor
Authors: Croteau S. E. , Abajas Y. L. , Wolberg A. S. , Nielsen B. I. , Marx G. R. , Baird C. W. , Neufeld E. J. , Monahan P. E. 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionHigh‐titre factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors complicate peri‐operative haemostasis. Recombinant porcine FVIII (r‐pFVIII) may provide an alternative haemostatic agent for high‐risk procedures and allow FVIII activity monitoring.AimDevise an effective haemostatic plan for repair of a progressively symptomatic aortic coarctation in a 5‐year‐old male with immune tolerance induction (ITI) refractory high‐titre FVIII inhibitors.MethodsPreprocedure human FVIII inhibitor titre was 58 Bethesda Units mL−1 (BU) and cross‐reacted to neutralize porcine FVIII at 30 BU. Daily ITI with plasma‐derived FVIII concentrate was supplemented with anti‐B‐cell and anti‐plasma cell immunotherapy to reduce FVIII inhibitor titres. Potential haemostatic agents were evaluated in comparative ex vivo thrombin generation assays (TGA).ResultsFour weeks after immunosuppression, human and porcine inhibitor titres declined to 16 and 2 BU respectively. TGA with r‐pFVIII was less robust than with activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC); however, r‐pFVIII was selected for cardiac surgery to secure the ability to assay FVIII levels throughout this high‐bleeding risk procedure. Haemostasis with r‐pFVIII was excellent; initial trough FVIII activity levels ranged from 0.81–1.17 IU mL−1. On postoperative day 3, peak and trough levels markedly declined suggesting a rising porcine inhibitor titre. Postprocedure prophylaxis was transitioned to aPCC, informed by TGA.ConclusionsR‐pFVIII provided effective peri‐procedural haemostasis with no adverse events. Rapid neutralization of r‐pFVIII after the first 60 hours, despite intensive immune suppression, accentuates the importance of careful monitoring. Use of TGA can support bypassing agent selection for convalescence. The comparative cost of r‐pFVIII may limit its use to high morbidity clinical scenarios.
Ledipasvir–sofosbuvir and sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in patients with chronic hepatitis C and bleeding disorders
Authors: Walsh C. E. , Workowski K. , Terrault N. A. , Sax P. E. , Cohen A. , Bowlus C. L. , Kim A. Y. , Hyland R. H. , Han B. , Wang J. , Stamm L. M. , Brainard D. M. , McHutchison J. G. , von Drygalski A. , Rhame F. , Fried M. W. , Kouides P. , Balba G. , Reddy K. R. 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionChronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is prevalent among patients with inherited bleeding disorders and is a leading cause of mortality in those with haemophilia.AimWe evaluated the efficacy and safety of ledipasvir–sofosbuvir and sofosbuvir plus ribavirin in patients with chronic HCV genotype 1–4 infection and an inherited bleeding disorder.MethodsLedipasvir–sofosbuvir was administered for 12 weeks to patients with genotype 1 or 4 infection and for 12 or 24 weeks to treatment‐experienced cirrhotic patients with genotype 1 infection. Patients with genotype 2 and 3 infection received sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for 12 and 24 weeks respectively.ResultsThe majority of the 120 treated patients had a severe bleeding disorder (55%); overall, 65% of patients had haemophilia A and 26% of patients had haemophilia B; 22% were HIV coinfected. Sustained virologic response at 12 weeks posttreatment was 99% (98/99) in patients with genotype 1 or 4 infection; 100% (5/5) in treatment‐experienced cirrhotic patients with genotype 1 infection; 100% (10/10) in patients with genotype 2 infection; and 83% (5/6) in patients with genotype 3 infection. There were no treatment discontinuations due to adverse events (AEs). The most frequent non‐bleeding AEs were fatigue, headache, diarrhoea, nausea and insomnia. Bleeding AEs occurred in 22 patients, of which all but one were considered unrelated to treatment.ConclusionTreatment with ledipasvir–sofosbuvir for patients with HCV genotype 1 or 4 infection or sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for patients with genotype 2 or 3 infection was highly effective and well tolerated among those with inherited bleeding disorders.