bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The biogeochemical cycling of iron, copper, nickel, cadmium, manganese, cobalt, lead, and scandium in a California Current experimental study
Authors: Mellett Travis , Brown Matthew T. , Chappell P. Dreux , Duckham Carolyn , Fitzsimmons Jessica N. , Till Claire P. , Sherrell Robert M. , Maldonado Maria T. , Buck Kristen N. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA 3‐day shipboard incubation experiment was conducted in the California Current System in July 2014 to investigate the cycling of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), and scandium (Sc) under a range of light and particle conditions. Filtered (< 0.2 μm) and unfiltered treatments were incubated under the following light conditions: Dark, light (“UV”), and light without the ultraviolet (UV) wavelengths (“noUV”). The experiment was sampled for carbon and Fe uptake rates, dissolved trace metal concentrations (Fe, Cu, Ni, Cd, Mn, Co, Pb, Sc), Fe and Cu speciation, size‐fractionated concentrations of Cd and Fe, and diatom community composition from DNA sequencing. Exposure to UV light increased phytoplankton Fe uptake in the first 24 h of the incubation relative to the noUV treatment, suggesting that a fraction of the ambient ligand‐bound Fe was photoreactive. Fe‐binding organic ligand production was observed in the unfiltered light treatments in association with increasing chlorophyll a, and evidence for Cu‐binding ligand production in these treatments was also observed. Biological uptake of Cd and Co was observed along with scavenging of dissolved Pb. Manganese appeared to be rapidly oxidized by Mn‐oxidizing bacteria with concomitant drawdown of dissolved Ni. Scandium displayed similar trends to Fe, reinforcing the limited observations of the physicochemical similarities between these two elements in seawater. Overall, this study highlights distinct impacts of photochemical processes, scavenging, and biological effects on marine trace metal cycling in an environment characterized by seasonal upwelling.
Influence of vertical mixing on light‐dependency of phytoplankton growth
Authors: Köhler Jan , Wang Lan , Guislain Alexis , Shatwell Tom 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPhytoplankton growth depends not only on mean intensity but also on the dynamics of the light supply. In surface mixed layers, phytoplankton may rapidly move between strong light and almost darkness. The nonlinear light‐dependency of growth may differ between constant and fluctuating light because of the different frequency distribution of light and/or acclimation processes. The present study compares for the first time light‐dependency of photosynthesis and growth of phytoplankton communities in situ under defined mixing conditions and at fixed depths. Maximum growth rates per day were not significantly different, but the growth efficiency was much higher under constant light than under fluctuating light of sub‐saturating daily irradiance. Phytoplankton incubated under fluctuating light needed about three times higher mean daily irradiances to balance photosynthesis and losses than under constant light. The difference in growth efficiency was mostly caused by the different frequency distribution of underwater light, as was estimated by a photosynthesis model of sufficient temporal resolution. The present study indicates a considerable overestimation of phytoplankton growth at sub‐saturating light in well‐mixed water layers by the common growth measurements under constant light. This implies an underestimation of the compensation light intensities and respective overestimations of the critical mixing depths.
Stretchable Photonic ‘Fermi Arcs’ in Twisted Magnetized Plasma
Authors: Xia Lingbo , Gao Wenlong , Yang Biao , Guo Qinghua , Liu Hongchao , Han Jiaguang , Zhang Weili , Zhang Shuang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWeyl points, three‐dimensional linear bulk bands crossings possessing intrinsic helicities, are counterparts of magnetic monopoles in the momentum space. One of the most important features of Weyl semimetals is the presence of topologically protected non‐trivial surface states at the boundary that connect between Weyl points of opposite charges. In condensed matter physics, these surface states are called Fermi arcs whose length measures the topological strength of the system. Here we theoretically show that photonic ‘Fermi arcs’ can exist at the interface between two magnetized plasma under static bias magnetic fields of different orientations, i.e. a twisted configuration, whereas the length of the ‘Fermi arcs’ can be arbitrarily stretched by varying the relative orientation and intensities of two static bias magnetic fields. Interestingly, the ‘Fermi arcs’ join two Weyl points of the same sign but residing on different side of the interface. Our work gives insight to the connectivity of ‘Fermi arcs’ between two topological semimetals and could open gateway towards tunable photonic topological systems.
The grounded Martin's axiom
Authors: Habič Miha E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe introduce a variant of Martin's axiom, called the grounded Martin's axiom, or , which asserts that the universe is a c.c.c. forcing extension in which Martin's axiom holds for posets in the ground model. This principle already implies several of the combinatorial consequences of . The new axiom is shown to be consistent with the failure of and a singular continuum. We prove that is preserved in a strong way when adding a Cohen real and that adding a random real to a model of preserves (even though it destroys itself). We also consider the analogous variant of the proper forcing axiom.
Fabrication of a Highly Sensitive Stretchable Strain Sensor Utilizing a Microfibrous Membrane and a Cracking Structure on Conducting Polymer
Authors: Jeon Hyungkook , Hong Seong Kyung , Cho Seong J. , Lim Geunbae 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecently, the detection of human motion has attracted considerable attention for the development of smart healthcare systems. Flexible or stretchable strain sensors are required to measure deformations on arbitrarily shaped human skin areas caused by human motion, and numerous studies have explored the development of such sensors. Here, a highly sensitive stretchable strain sensor is introduced, which consists of elastic fibrous membrane coated with conducting polymer. The membrane can be utilized to detect applied strain by measuring the conductance change caused by the change in the nanocracking structure on the coated conducting polymer layer. Furthermore, by collecting aligned microfibers as the fibrous membrane during electrospinning process, the sensor exhibits higher sensitivity (more than 40‐fold higher than the nonaligned version). Although limitations still remain in the repeatability and the applicability of the sensor, the developed sensor will demonstrate great potential for measuring applied strain and stress over a wide sensing range with high sensitivity is expected.
Ultralight and Low Thermal Conductivity Polyimide–Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes Aerogels
Authors: Wu Yi‐wei , Zhang Wen‐chao , Yang Rong‐jie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe research on rapid growing, organic, and ultralight cross‐linking polyimide aerogels is receiving significant interest. In this work, poly(aminophenyl) silsesquioxanes (PAPSQ) are introduced as a cross‐linker into the polymide (PI) aerogel. A comparative aerogel is prepared, using 1,3,5‐triaminophenoxybenzene (TAB) as a cross‐linker. The aerogels are characterized in terms of their micro‐ and nanostructures, density, shrinkage, thermal conductivity and insulation, and mechanical properties. It is found that the PI‐PAPSQ aerogel have lower density, smaller shrinkage, lower thermal conductivity, higher thermal stability and insulation, and higher compression strength than the PI‐TAB aerogel. The 1.1 wt% PI‐PAPSQ shows the lowest aerogel density (0.010 g cm−3) and the 2.2 wt% PI‐PAPSQ has a lower thermal conductivity (22.90 mW (m K)−1 than air. A model of the PI‐TAB and PI‐PAPSQ cross‐linking networks are proposed to explain the excellent performance of the PI‐PAPSQ aerogel.
Modeling of RAFT Copolymerization with Crosslinking of Styrene/Divinylbenzene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: López‐Domínguez Porfirio , Hernández‐Ortiz Julio César , Vivaldo‐Lima Eduardo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA kinetic model for the reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer radical copolymerization of vinyl/divinyl monomers in supercritical carbon dioxide, using a multifunctional approach for polymer network formation, is presented. The process is assumed to proceed as a dispersion polymerization in three stages, with two phases: CO2‐ and polymer‐rich phases. A simple model for partition of the main components within the two phases is used. Experimental data of monomer conversion, molar mass development, evolution of gel fraction, and swelling of the polymer network for a styrene/divinylbenzene system, at 80 °C and 300 bar, are used to validate the model. Good agreement between model predictions and experimental data is obtained.
Identification of differentially expressed genes involved in spore germination of Penicillium expansum by comparative transcriptome and proteome approaches
Authors: Zhou Ting , Wang Xiaohong , Luo Jin , Ye Bishun , Zhou Yingying , Zhou Liwan , Lai Tongfei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, Penicillium expansum, a common destructive phytopathogen and patulin producer was isolated from naturally infected apple fruits and identified by morphological observation and rDNA‐internal transcribed spacer analysis. Subsequently, a global view of the transcriptome and proteome alteration of P. expansum spores during germination was evaluated by RNA‐seq (RNA sequencing) and iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation) approaches. A total of 3,026 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 77 differentially expressed predicted transcription factors and 489 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified. The next step involved screening out 130 overlapped candidates through correlation analysis between the RNA‐seq and iTRAQ datasets. Part of them showed a different expression trend in the mRNA and protein levels, and most of them were involved in metabolism and genetic information processing. These results not only highlighted a set of genes and proteins that were important in deciphering the molecular processes of P. expansum germination but also laid the foundation to develop effective control methods and adequate environmental conditions.
Toward quantitative fast diffusion kurtosis imaging with b‐values chosen in consideration of signal‐to‐noise ratio and model fidelity
Authors: Kuo Yen‐Shu , Yang Shun‐Chung , Chung Hsiao‐Wen , Wu Wen‐Chau 
Published: December 2017

PurposeDiffusion kurtosis (DK) imaging is a variant of conventional diffusion magnetic resonance (MR) imaging that allows assessment of non‐Gaussian diffusion. Fast DK imaging expedites the procedure by decreasing both scan time (acquiring the minimally required number of b‐values) and computation time (obviating least‐square curve fitting). This study aimed to investigate the applicability of fast DK imaging for both cerebral gray matter and white matter as a quantitative method.MethodsSeventeen healthy volunteers were recruited and each provided written informed consent before participation. On a 3‐Tesla clinical MR system, diffusion imaging was performed with 12 b‐values ranging from 0 to 4000 s/mm2. Diffusion encoding was along three orthogonal directions (slice selection, phase encoding, and frequency encoding) in separate series. Candidate b‐values were chosen by first determining the maximum b‐value (bmax) in the context of signal‐to‐noise ratio and then assessing the model fidelity for all b‐value combinations within bmax. Diffusion coefficient (D) and diffusion kurtosis coefficient (K) were derived from these candidates and assessed for their dependence on b‐value combination.ResultsOur data suggested bmax to be 2200 s/mm2 as a trade‐off between the percentage (~80%) of voxels statistically detectable against background and the sensitivity to non‐Gaussian diffusion in both gray matter and white matter. The measurement dependence on b‐value was observed predominantly in areas with a considerable amount of cerebrospinal fluid. In most gray matter and white matter, b‐value combinations do not cause statistical difference in the calculated D and K.ConclusionsFor fast DK imaging to be quantitatively applicable in both gray matter and white matter, bmax should be chosen to ensure adequate signal‐to‐noise ratio in the majority of gray/white matter and the two nonzero b‐values should be chosen in consideration of model fidelity to mitigate the dependence of derived indices on b‐values.
Low‐frequency ESR studies on permeable and impermeable deuterated nitroxyl radicals in corn oil solution
Authors: David Jebaraj D. , Utsumi Hideo , Milton Franklin Benial A. 
Published: December 2017

Low‐frequency electron spin resonance studies were performed for 2 mM concentration of deuterated permeable and impermeable nitroxyl spin probes, 3‐methoxycarbonyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethyl‐pyrrolidine‐1‐oxyl and 3‐carboxy‐2,2,5,5,‐tetramethyl‐1‐pyrrolidinyloxy in pure water and various concentrations of corn oil solution. The electron spin resonance parameters such as the line width, hyperfine coupling constant, g factor, rotational correlation time, permeability, and partition parameter were estimated. The broadening of line width was observed for nitroxyl radicals in corn oil mixture. The rotational correlation time increases with increasing concentration of corn oil, which indicates the less mobile nature of spin probe in corn oil mixture. The membrane permeability and partition parameter values were estimated as a function of corn oil concentration, which reveals that the nitroxyl radicals permeate equally into the aqueous phase and oil phase at the corn oil concentration of 50%. The electron spin resonance spectra demonstrate the permeable and impermeable nature of nitroxyl spin probes. From these results, the corn oil concentration was optimized as 50% for phantom studies. In this work, the corn oil and pure water mixture phantom models with various viscosities correspond to plasma membrane, and whole blood membrane with different hematocrit levels was studied for monitoring the biological characteristics and their interactions with permeable nitroxyl spin probe. These results will be useful for the development of electron spin resonance and Overhauser‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging modalities in biomedical applications.
Implementation of a coupled plastic damage distinct lattice spring model for dynamic crack propagation in geomaterials
Authors: Jiang Chao , Zhao Gao‐Feng 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThis paper studies dynamic crack propagation by employing the distinct lattice spring model (DLSM) and 3‐dimensional (3D) printing technique. A damage‐plasticity model was developed and implemented in a 2D DLSM. Applicability of the damage‐plasticity DLSM was verified against analytical elastic solutions and experimental results for crack propagation. As a physical analogy, dynamic fracturing tests were conducted on 3D printed specimens using the split Hopkinson pressure bar. The dynamic stress intensity factors were recorded, and crack paths were captured by a high‐speed camera. A parametric study was conducted to find the influences of the parameters on cracking behaviors, including initial and peak fracture toughness, crack speed, and crack patterns. Finally, selection of parameters for the damage‐plasticity model was determined through the comparison of numerical predictions and the experimentally observed cracking features.
A combined connectivity mapping and pharmacoepidemiology approach to identify existing medications with breast cancer causing or preventing properties
Authors: Busby John , Murray Liam , Mills Ken , Zhang Shu‐Dong , Liberante Fabio , Cardwell Chris R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeWe applied a novel combined connectivity mapping and pharmacoepidemiological approach to identify medications that alter breast cancer risk.MethodsThe connectivity mapping process identified 6 potentially cancer‐causing (meloxicam, azithromycin, rizatriptan, citalopram, rosiglitazone, and verapamil) and 4 potentially cancer‐preventing (bendroflumethiazide, sertraline, fluvastatin, and budesonide) medications that were suitable for pharmacoepidemiological investigation. Within the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink, we matched 45,147 breast cancer cases to 45,147 controls based on age, year, and general practice. Medication use was determined from electronic prescribing records. We used conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for the association between medication use and cancer risk after adjustment for comorbidities, lifestyle factors, deprivation, and other medication use.ResultsBendroflumethiazide was associated with increased breast cancer risk (OR: 1.11; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.15); however the connectivity mapping exercise predicted that this medication would reduce risk. There were no statistically significant associations for any of the other candidate medications, with ever use ORs ranging from 0.93 (95% CI: 0.78, 1.11) for azithromycin to 1.16 (95% CI: 0.99, 1.37) for verapamil.ConclusionsIn this instance, our combined connectivity mapping and pharmacoepidemiological approach did not identify any additional medications that were substantially associated with breast cancer risk. This could be due to limitations in the connectivity mapping, such as implausible dosage requirements, or the pharmacoepidemiology, such as residual confounding.
Dimethyl sulfoxide/deep eutectic solvents mixtures as media in the reaction of 1‐fluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene with piperidine: A solvent effect study
Authors: Harifi‐Mood Ali Reza , Sadrzadeh Samira 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction of 1‐fluoro‐2,4‐dinitrobenzene with piperidine was kinetically investigated in ethylene glycol‐choline chloride and glycerol‐choline chloride as 2 deep eutectic solvents (DESs) mixed with dimethyl sulfoxide, in whole mole fractions, at room temperature. The investigation of the reaction in different concentrations of the piperidine shows that the reaction follows the base‐catalyzed mechanism. The measured rate coefficients of the reaction demonstrated a sharp decreasing in all mixtures with the increasing mole fraction of DESs. Linear free energy relationship investigations confirm that hydrogen bond donor ability in addition to polarity‐polarizability of the media has a major effect on the reaction rate. The decrease in the rate coefficient is attributed to not only hydrogen‐bonding donor interactions of the media with piperidine as both reactant and catalyst but also the preferential solvation of reactants by DES compared with the intermediate of the reaction.
Exploring associations between psychiatric disorder, psychological distress, and health care utilization in cancer patients
Authors: Compen F.R. , Adang E.M.M. , Bisseling E.M. , Van der Lee M.L. , Speckens A.E.M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe mental burden of cancer might elicit additional health care utilization. However, it is unclear how psychiatric disorder and psychological distress relate to health care utilization. Therefore, this study explores associations between psychiatric disorder, psychological distress, and health care utilization. It was hypothesized that presence of psychiatric disorder and psychological distress was associated with increased health care utilization and costs.MethodsThe current study consisted of secondary analyses of baseline data of a larger randomized controlled trial. Two hundred forty‐five mixed‐cancer patients with at least mild symptoms of psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–T ≥ 11) were mainly recruited via online media, participating centers and patient associations. Patients were assessed with Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV‐TR Axis I Disorders (SCID‐I) for depressive, anxiety, and/or adjustment disorder. Psychological distress was measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Retrospective self‐reported health care utilization in the past 3 months was collected. Associations between predictors and health care utilization in terms of incidence rate ratios (IRR) and costs per category (mental, primary, somatic, and complementary) were assessed by negative binomial, logistic, and gamma regression.ResultsEighty‐nine (36.3%) patients suffered from psychiatric disorder, which was associated with mental health care utilization (IRR = 1.63) and costs (OR = 3.11). We observed a nonsignificant trend of somatic health care utilization in patients with psychiatric disorder. Psychological distress was associated with mental health care utilization (IRR = 1.09) and costs (OR = 1.09). Psychological distress was also associated with complementary health care utilization (IRR = 1.03).ConclusionPsychiatric disorder and psychological distress were associated with mental health care use and costs. Psychological distress was associated with complementary health care use. Adequate assessment and referral to mental health care might prevent unnecessary health care utilization.
General Synthesis and Lithium Storage Properties of Metal Oxides/MnO2 Hierarchical Hollow Hybrid Spheres
Authors: Wang Yong , Wang Dongxia , Li Qingyuan , Guo Wenbin , Zhang Fanchao , Yu Yang , Yang Yiqing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMetal oxides/MnO2 hierarchical hollow hybrid nanostructures have attracted significant attention because of their wide potential applications. However, the exploration of a general synthetic approach for fabricating hierarchical hollow hybrid nanostructures is still a great challenge. Herein, a “penetration‐carbonization and reduction‐coating–annealing” route is presented for the generalized synthesis of metal oxides/MnO2 hierarchical hollow hybrid spheres, including NiO/MnO2, Co3O4/MnO2, and CuO/MnO2. Because of the unique hierarchical hollow hybrid nanostructures, NiO/MnO2 nanomaterials possess a desirable capacity (1520 mA h g−1) and outstanding cyclic stability (909 mA h g−1 at the 200th cycle) as Li‐ion battery anode materials. The work reported herein can not only pave the way for the generalized synthetic strategy of metal oxides/MnO2 hierarchical hollow hybrid nanostructures, but also provide a promising application of NiO/MnO2 nanomaterials for Li‐ion battery anode.
Evaluating Pred(p) and standardized accuracy criteria in software development effort estimation
Authors: Idri Ali , Abnane Ibtissam , Abran Alain 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSoftware development effort estimation (SDEE) plays a primary role in software project management. But choosing the appropriate SDEE technique remains elusive for many project managers and researchers. Moreover, the choice of a reliable estimation accuracy measure is crucial because SDEE techniques behave differently given different accuracy measures. The most widely used accuracy measures in SDEE are those based on magnitude of relative error (MRE) such as mean/median MRE (MMRE/MedMRE) and prediction at level p (Pred(p)), which counts the number of observations where an SDEE technique gave MREs lower than p. However, MRE has proven to be an unreliable accuracy measure, favoring SDEE techniques that underestimate. Consequently, an unbiased measure called standardized accuracy (SA) has been proposed.This paper deals with the Pred(p) and SA measures. We investigate (1) the consistency of Pred(p) and SA as accuracy measures and SDEE technique selectors, and (2) the relationship between Pred(p) and SA. The results suggest that Pred(p) is less biased towards underestimates and generally selects the same best technique as SA. Moreover, SA and Pred(p) measure different aspects of technique performance, and SA may be used as a predictor of Pred(p) by means of the 3 association rules.