bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Where There is No EMS: Lay Providers in Emergency Medical Services Care - EMS as a Public Health Priority
Authors: Debenham Sierra , Fuller Matthew , Stewart Matthew , Price Raymond R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBy 2030, road traffic accidents are projected to be the fifth leading cause of death worldwide, with 90% of these deaths occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While high-quality, prehospital trauma care is crucial to reduce the number of trauma-related deaths, effective Emergency Medical Systems (EMS) are limited or absent in many LMICs. Although lay providers have long been recognized as the front lines of informal trauma care in countries without formal EMS, few efforts have been made to capitalize on these networks. We suggest that lay providers can become a strong foundation for nascent EMS through a four-fold approach: strengthening and expanding existing lay provider training programs; incentivizing lay providers; strengthening locally available first aid supply chains; and using technology to link lay provider networks.DebenhamS, FullerM, StewartM, PriceRR. Where there is no EMS: lay providers in Emergency Medical Services care - EMS as a public health priority. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):593–595.
Estimating the human mutation rate from autozygous segments reveals population differences in human mutational processes
Authors: Narasimhan Vagheesh M. , Rahbari Raheleh , Scally Aylwyn , Wuster Arthur , Mason Dan , Xue Yali , Wright John , Trembath Richard C. , Maher Eamonn R. , van Heel David A. , Auton Adam , Hurles Matthew E. , Tyler-Smith Chris , Durbin Richard 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHeterozygous mutations within homozygous sequences descended from a recent common ancestor offer a way to ascertain de novo mutations across multiple generations. Using exome sequences from 3222 British-Pakistani individuals with high parental relatedness, we estimate a mutation rate of 1.45 ± 0.05 × 10−8 per base pair per generation in autosomal coding sequence, with a corresponding non-crossover gene conversion rate of 8.75 ± 0.05 × 10−6 per base pair per generation. This is at the lower end of exome mutation rates previously estimated in parent–offspring trios, suggesting that post-zygotic mutations contribute little to the human germ-line mutation rate. We find frequent recurrence of mutations at polymorphic CpG sites, and an increase in C to T mutations in a 5ʹ CCG 3ʹ to 5ʹ CTG 3ʹ context in the Pakistani population compared to Europeans, suggesting that mutational processes have evolved rapidly between human populations.
Experiments suggesting extra-digestive effects of enteral pancreatic amylase and its peptides on glucose homeostasis in a pig model
Authors: Pierzynowski Stefan G. , Goncharova Kateryna , Gregory Peter C. , Weström Björn , Podpryatov Sergiy E. , Podpriatov Sergii S. , Woliński Jarosław , Repich Hlib , Wierup Nils , Lozinska Liudmyla 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe studies presented were designed to highlight the impact of pancreatic enzymes on glycemic control and insulin response. Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were monitored after intravenous, oral or direct gut glucose tolerance tests (GTT) in 6 pigs with an intact gastrointestinal tract and in 12 pigs following duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB) surgery. In the intact pigs, pancreatic enzymes (Creon®) given orally 1 h prior to the GTT, lowered the blood glucose levels during the oral and meal GTT and reduced the plasma insulin response during the intravenous and meal GTT. In DJB pigs, blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were higher following glucose loading into the by-passed biliopancreatic limb as compared to that following glucose loading orally or into the common intestinal limb. Infusion of amylase or amylase peptides together with glucose into the biliopancreatic limb lowered blood glucose levels in DJB pigs. These preliminary data suggest new, extra-digestive, actions of enteral pancreatic enzymes – probably amylase or its peptides – on glucose homeostasis, with an reduction in net glucose absorption into the blood and in insulin response. This ability of digestive enzymes (amylase) to reduce post-prandial hyperglycaemia in an insulin-independent manner could aid in preventing the development of obesity and diabetes.
Ensemble of Thermostatically Controlled Loads: Statistical Physics Approach
Authors: Chertkov Michael , Chernyak Vladimir 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThermostatically controlled loads, e.g., air conditioners and heaters, are by far the most widespread consumers of electricity. Normally the devices are calibrated to provide the so-called bang-bang control – changing from on to off, and vice versa, depending on temperature. We considered aggregation of a large group of similar devices into a statistical ensemble, where the devices operate following the same dynamics, subject to stochastic perturbations and randomized, Poisson on/off switching policy. Using theoretical and computational tools of statistical physics, we analyzed how the ensemble relaxes to a stationary distribution and established a relationship between the relaxation and the statistics of the probability flux associated with devices’ cycling in the mixed (discrete, switch on/off, and continuous temperature) phase space. This allowed us to derive the spectrum of the non-equilibrium (detailed balance broken) statistical system and uncover how switching policy affects oscillatory trends and the speed of the relaxation. Relaxation of the ensemble is of practical interest because it describes how the ensemble recovers from significant perturbations, e.g., forced temporary switching off aimed at utilizing the flexibility of the ensemble to provide “demand response” services to change consumption temporarily to balance a larger power grid. We discuss how the statistical analysis can guide further development of the emerging demand response technology.
Tailoring Heterovalent Interface Formation with Light
Authors: Park Kwangwook , Alberi Kirstin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntegrating different semiconductor materials into an epitaxial device structure offers additional degrees of freedom to select for optimal material properties in each layer. However, interfaces between materials with different valences (i.e. III-V, II-VI and IV semiconductors) can be difficult to form with high quality. Using ZnSe/GaAs as a model system, we explore the use of ultraviolet (UV) illumination during heterovalent interface growth by molecular beam epitaxy as a way to modify the interface properties. We find that UV illumination alters the mixture of chemical bonds at the interface, permitting the formation of Ga-Se bonds that help to passivate the underlying GaAs layer. Illumination also helps to reduce defects in the ZnSe epilayer. These results suggest that moderate UV illumination during growth may be used as a way to improve the optical properties of both the GaAs and ZnSe layers on either side of the interface.
Disruption of the plant-specific CFS1 gene impairs autophagosome turnover and triggers EDS1-dependent cell death
Authors: Sutipatanasomboon Arpaporn , Herberth Stefanie , Alwood Ellen G. , Häweker Heidrun , Müller Britta , Shahriari Mojgan , Zienert Anke Y. , Marin Birger , Robatzek Silke , Praefcke Gerrit J. K. , Ayscough Kathryn R. , Hülskamp Martin , Schellmann Swen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCell death, autophagy and endosomal sorting contribute to many physiological, developmental and immunological processes in plants. They are mechanistically interconnected and interdependent, but the molecular basis of their mutual regulation has only begun to emerge in plants. Here, we describe the identification and molecular characterization of CELL DEATH RELATED ENDOSOMAL FYVE/SYLF PROTEIN 1 (CFS1). The CFS1 protein interacts with the ENDOSOMAL SORTING COMPLEX REQUIRED FOR TRANSPORT I (ESCRT-I) component ELCH (ELC) and is localized at ESCRT-I-positive late endosomes likely through its PI3P and actin binding SH3YL1 Ysc84/Lsb4p Lsb3p plant FYVE (SYLF) domain. Mutant alleles of cfs1 exhibit auto-immune phenotypes including spontaneous lesions that show characteristics of hypersensitive response (HR). Autoimmunity in cfs1 is dependent on ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1)-mediated effector-triggered immunity (ETI) but independent from salicylic acid. Additionally, cfs1 mutants accumulate the autophagy markers ATG8 and NBR1 independently from EDS1. We hypothesize that CFS1 acts at the intersection of autophagosomes and endosomes and contributes to cellular homeostasis by mediating autophagosome turnover.
The Synergistic Effects of the Micro and Nano Particles in Micro-nano Composites on Enhancing the Resistance to Electrical Tree Degradation
Authors: Wang Wenxuan , Yang Ying 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA new method of increasing the durability and reliability of polymer dielectrics has been proposed by designing a composite structure of the micro and nano particles. The synergistic effects of the micro particles and nano particles are found to enhance the resistance to electrical tree and extend the lifetime of polymer dielectrics for insulations. Epoxy loaded with the micro and nano SiO2 particles at different concentrations are prepared as micro-nano composites. The micro particles show the blocking effects on the electrical tree channel and the interfaces of the nano particles lead to the inhibiting effects on the tree inception and propagation. The lifetime of the micro-nano composite samples in the experiments extends to 4 times of the neat epoxy. The new type of micro-nano composites can be widely applied in future electronic and electrical energy areas.
Prognostic Significance of EDIL3 Expression and Correlation with Mesenchymal Phenotype and Microvessel Density in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jeong Dongjun , Ban Seona , Oh Seunghyun , Jin Lee Su , Yong Park Seong , Koh Young Wha 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe examined the prognostic significance of Epidermal Growth Factor-like repeats and Discoidin I-Like Domains 3 (EDIL3) expression and its correlations with mesenchymal phenotype and microvessel density in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). A total of 268 NSCLC specimens were evaluated retrospectively by immunohistochemical staining for EDIL3, EMT markers (e-cadherin, β-catenin, and vimentin), and CD31 to measure microvessel density. EDIL3, e-cadherin, β-catenin, and vimentin were expressed in 16%, 22.8%, 3.7%, and 10.1% of the specimens, respectively. The mRNA level of EDIL3 in tumor was correlated with the level of EDIL3 protein expression using immunohistochemistry. In lung adenocarcinoma patients, EDIL3 expression was significantly correlated with low e-cadherin expression, high vimentin expression, and increased microvessel density (P < 0.001, P = 0.001, and P = 0.023, respectively). In lung squamous cell carcinoma patients, EDIL3 expression was significantly correlated with low e-cadherin expression and high vimentin expression (P = 0.021 and P = 0.002, respectively). In lung adenocarcinoma patients, EDIL3 was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 2.552, P = 0.004). EDIL3 is significantly correlated with mesenchymal phenotype, angiogenesis, and tumor progression in lung adenocarcinoma.
Nature and characteristics of temperature background effect for interactive respiration process
Authors: Gong Guangcai , Deng Xiaorui 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIndoor air quality (IAQ) is much more crucial to human health than its atmospheric air quality counterpart. Improving indoor air environment requires investigating how different indoor air stability affects airflow trajectory. By presenting both manikin experiment and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, we find that temperature background effect, i.e., indoor air stability, which is a measure of the nature or attribute of the capacity to keep the original or initial inertia force or inertia transmission state instead of turbulence diffusion or transmission restraining state, i.e., a kind of inertia stability, rather than a turbulence diffusion characteristic stability, is markedly affecting the interactive respiration process. So we define and derive a new parameter called G
c
number as a criterion to judge air stability. Furthermore, we find the phenomenon of inertia conjugation. Air stability and inertia conjugation, which named together as temperature background effect, work together on interactive respiration process. This work gives us a re-orientation of temperature difference agents and thus improves human being’s living environment.
Levobuipivacaine-Induced Dissemination of A549 Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Chan Shun-Ming , Lin Bo-Feng , Wong Chih-Shung , Chuang Wen-Ting , Chou Yu-Ting , Wu Zhi-Fu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhile anaesthetics are frequently used on cancer patients during surgical procedures, their consequence on cancer progression remains to be elucidated. In this study, we sought to investigate the influence of local anesthetics on lung cancer cell dissemination in vitro and in vivo. A549 human non-small lung cancer cells were treated with various local anaesthetics including ropivacaine, lidocaine, levobupivacaine and bupivacaine. Cell barrier property was assessed using an electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of treated cells was studied by immunofluorescence staining. In vitro and in vivo cancer cell dissemination were investigated.Gene expression microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (qrt-PCR) assays were used to identify the genes responsible for levobupivacaine-mediated cancer cell dissemination.The results illustrated that only levobupivacaine induced EMT in the treated cells and also caused the dissemination of cancer cells in vitro. In addition, after intravenous injection, levobupivacaine encouraged cancer cell dissemination in vivo. Gene expression microarray, qrt-PCR and immunoblotting revealed that after levobupivacaine treatment, the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)- 2α gene was upregulated in cancer cells. Our findings suggest that levobupivacaine may induce A549 lung cancer cell dissemination both in vitro and in vivo. More specifically, HIF-2α signaling possibly contributes to levobupivacaine-mediated A549 lung cancer cell dissemination.
Multiple E3s promote the degradation of histone H3 variant Cse4
Authors: Cheng Haili , Bao Xin , Gan Xin , Luo Shiwen , Rao Hai 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe histone H3-like protein Cse4/CENP-A acts as a key molecular marker that differentiates the special centromeric chromatin structures from bulk nucleosomes. As altered Cse4/CENP-A activity leads to genome instability, it is pivotal to understand the mechanism underlying Cse4 regulation. Here, we demonstrate that four ubiquitin ligases (i.e., Ubr1, Slx5, Psh1, and Rcy1) work in parallel to promote Cse4 turnover in yeast. Interestingly, Cse4 overexpression leads to cellular toxicity and cell cycle delay in yeast cells lacking PSH1, but not in cells lacking UBR1, suggesting different roles of these two degradation pathways. Our findings suggest that various ubiquitin ligases collaborate to keep the Cse4 level in check, providing a basis for further delineating the intricate network involved in Cse4 regulation.
Impulsiveness does not prevent cooperation from emerging but reduces its occurrence: an experiment with zebra finches
Authors: Chia Camille , Dubois Frédérique 
Published: August 2017

AbstractReciprocal altruism, the most probable mechanism for cooperation among unrelated individuals, can be modelled as a Prisoner’s Dilemma. This game predicts that cooperation should evolve whenever the players, who expect to interact repeatedly, make choices contingent to their partner’s behaviour. Experimental evidence, however, indicates that reciprocity is rare among animals. One reason for this would be that animals are very impulsive compared to humans. Several studies have reported that temporal discounting (that is, strong preferences for immediate benefits) has indeed a negative impact on the occurrence of cooperation. Yet, the role of impulsive action, another facet of impulsiveness, remains unexplored. Here, we conducted a laboratory experiment in which male and female zebra finches (Taenyopigia guttata) were paired assortatively with respect to their level of impulsive action and then played an alternating Prisoner’s Dilemma. As anticipated, we found that self-controlled pairs achieved high levels of cooperation by using a Generous Tit-for-Tat strategy, while impulsive birds that cooperated at a lower level, chose to cooperate with a fixed probability. If the inability of impulsive individuals to use reactive strategies are due to their reduced working memory capacity, thus our findings might contribute to explaining interspecific differences in cooperative behaviour.
Correlations of age and growth rate with microbiota composition in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) larvae
Authors: Trinh Ly T. T. , Bakke Ingrid , Vadstein Olav 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLittle information is available on the link between host development (growth rate and ontogeny) and the composition of the microbiota in fish larvae. This study was carried out to examine potential correlations of microbiota composition with age and growth rate of Atlantic cod larvae. Small and large cod larvae of the same age, representing slow and fast growing individuals, were sampled 10 times during a period of 42 days post hatching (dph), and the composition of the larval microbiota was investigated using a PCR/DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) strategy. We found significant differences in the intestinal microbiota of small and large larvae of the same age for 4 of the 10 age stages studied. We further found that the variation in the composition of the larval microbiota was more strongly correlated to age than to growth rate for larvae up to 28 dph, whereas for the older larvae growth rate and age was equally correlated to the composition of the microbiota. These results indicate that larval development may structure the microbiota through a change in selection pressure due to host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions, and that the composition of the microbiota may influence larval development through improved energy gain.
Fourier ptychographic microscopy with sparse representation
Authors: Zhang Yongbing , Song Pengming , Zhang Jian , Dai Qionghai 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a novel computational microscopy technique that provides intensity images with both wide field-of-view and high-resolution. By combining ideas from synthetic aperture and phase retrieval, FPM iteratively stitches together a number of variably illuminated, low-resolution intensity images in Fourier space to reconstruct a high-resolution complex sample image. Although FPM is able to bypass the space-bandwidth product (SBP) limit of the optical system, it is vulnerable to the various capturing noises and the reconstruction is easy to trap into the local optimum. To efficiently depress the noise and improve the performance of reconstructed high-resolution image, a FPM with sparse representation is proposed in this paper. The cost function of the reconstruction is formulated as a regularized optimization problem, where the data fidelity is constructed based on a maximum likelihood theory, and the regulation term is expressed as a small number of nonzero elements over an appropriate basis for both amplitude and phase of the reconstructed image. The Nash equilibrium is employed to obtain the approximated solution. We validate the proposed method with both simulated and real experimental data. The results show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance in comparison with other approaches.
Scalable fabrication of the graphitic substrates for graphene-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Kaplas Tommi , Matikainen Antti , Nuutinen Tarmo , Suvanto Sari , Vahimaa Pasi , Svirko Yuri 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe propose direct synthesis of ultra-thin graphitic films on a dielectric substrate using sacrificial Ni catalyst layer, which significantly increases the crystallinity of the photoresist pyrolyzed at the temperature of 800 °C and above. A considerable amount of multilayer graphene in the photoresist film pyrolyzed in the presence of the Ni catalyst gives rise to an enhancement of the Raman signal of dye Sudan III molecules deposited on the substrate. We demonstrate comparable enhancement of the Raman signal from Sudan III molecules deposited on the fabricated graphitic substrate and those deposited on graphene, which was conventionally transferred to the silica substrate.
Immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects of total flavonoids of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn on PCV2 infected mice
Authors: Fu Yuan-fang , Jiang Li-he , Zhao Wei-dan , Xi-nan Meng , Huang Shi-qi , Yang Jian , Hu Ting-jun , Chen Hai-lan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of virus infection and antioxidants are becoming promising candidates as therapeutic agents. This study is designed to investigate the effect of total flavonoids of Spatholobus suberectus Dunn (TFSD) on oxidative stress in mice induced by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection. The PCV2 infection leads to significant decrease in thymus and spleen indices, elevation of xanthine oxidase (XOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, reduction in GSH level and GSH to GSSG ratio and decline of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, indicating the formation of immunosuppression and oxidative stress. TFSD treatment recovered the alteration of viscera index, antioxidant content and activities of oxidative-associated enzymes to a level similar to control. Our findings suggested that PCV2 induced immunosuppression and oxidative stress in mice and TFSD might be able to protect animals from virus infection via regulation of immune function and inhibition of oxidative stress.
Wideband balun bandpass filter with broadside‐coupled microstrip/slotline resonator structure
Authors: Huang Feng , Wang Jianpeng , Hong Jiasheng , Wu Wen 
Published: August 2017

In this Letter, a new design scheme for wideband balun bandpass filter (BPF) is presented originating from the conventional Marchand‐type balun prototype. The designed balun BPF is basically composed of three microstrip lines on the top side of the substrate and two half‐wavelength slotline resonators etched in the ground plane. A distinctive wideband performance is attained by utilising the broadside coupling between these microstrip lines and slotline resonators. For demonstration, one fabricated prototype balun BPF operating at 3.75 GHz shows a broad bandwidth of 93% with nice in‐band balanced performance. Final results from simulation and experiment are both recorded in good agreement.
Axially Chiral Shape-Persistent Encapsulating Agents
Authors: Cid María Magdalena , Míguez-Lago Sandra 
Published: August 2017

In this review is presented the results of investigations during the last two decades on molecular recognition processes, mainly chiral host–guest systems insofar as they deal with intermolecular recognition events. Attention is devoted to those systems involving chiral hosts whose chirality does not arise from the presence of a chiral center and that possess a defined cavity to accommodate guests. Thus, the scope of this short review is restricted to chiral containers in which size, shape, and functionality are critical aspects, while those examples involving chirality transfer processes are excluded. The systems covered are those with axial chirality, including helical chirality, in which the chirality, that can be inherent or induced by steric interactions, originates from the 3D helical array of substituents. More specifically, the focus is on both macrocycles that bear open cavities and molecular cages with more enclosed voids.1	Introduction2	Encapsulating Agents: Macrocycles3	Encapsulating Agents: Molecular Cages4	Conclusions