bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drugs for Dementia and Excess of Hospitalization: A Longitudinal French Study
Authors: François Mathilde , Sicsic Jonathan , Pelletier Fleury Nathalie 
Published: January 2018

Background: The impact of adverse effects of drugs for dementia on the risk of hospitalization has not been much studied despite the impact of hospitalizations on cognitive decline. Objective: To determine if the main adverse effects of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine may be associated with excess of hospitalization and to quantify the subsequent impact on healthcare expenditures. Methods: A representative sample of the French national health insurance beneficiaries aged 65 and older and suffering from dementia were included and followed from 2007 to 2014. Binary logit models for longitudinal data (GEE estimation technique) were used to estimate the excess of hospitalization events related to the adverse effects of anti-dementia drugs and then to derive the additional costs of hospitalizations for the public health insurance fund. Results: In total, 7,668 patients were followed, generating 111,133 individual observations over the 8-year period. Treated patients were hospitalized significantly more than non-treated patients (adjusted Odd Ratio (OR) = 1.08, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = [1.02 to 1.13], p = 0.004), mainly with cholinesterase inhibitors for cardiac (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = [1.01 to 1.46], p = 0.034) and gastrointestinal events (OR = 1.43, 95% CI = [1.01–2.05], p = 0.045), especially with rivastigmine. When extrapolated to the entire population, this corresponded to an annual additional cost of € 55,000. Conclusion: Prescription of antidementia drugs, more specifically rivastigmine, increases the risk of hospitalizations via their cardiac and gastrointestinal adverse effects and lead to additional health care expenditures. Even though these results must be confirmed, they may encourage cautious consideration of the balance between benefits and harms before a prescription is given.
Validation of the Delayed Matching-to-Sample Task 48 (DMS48) in Elderly Chinese
Authors: Feng Xueyan , Zhou Aihong , Liu Zhixin , Li Fangyu , Wei Cuibai , Zhang Guili , Jia Jianping 
Published: January 2018

Background: Delayed Matching-to-Sample Task 48 (DMS48), a brief tool measuring visual recognition memory, is valid to identify the early stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in Caucasians. However, little data is available in Chinese. Objective: To develop norms and optimal cutoff points for the DMS48 in Chinese elders. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in seven memory clinics from five cities across China. DMS48 was applied to 369 Chinese aged 50 or older (138 cognitively normal [CN], 112 mild cognitive impairment due to AD (MCI-A), and 119 mild AD dementia). The demographic factors which influence DMS48 scores were investigated and the norms were established considering those factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the optimal cutoff points. Results: Age was shown to influence DMS48 scores ( r = –0.36, p < 0.05), and we presented the age-stratified normative data for the DMS48. The optimal cutoff point is 42/43 for identifying cognitive impairment (MCI-A and AD dementia) against CN (sensitivity 97.80% and specificity 89.13%) and MCI-A against CN (sensitivity 86.60% and specificity 94.20%). A cutoff of 39/40 obtained good sensitivity (100.00%) and specificity (94.90%) in discriminating AD dementia from CN. The age-stratified optimal cutoff points for identifying MCI-A were 43/44 for individuals aged 50 to 59 years old, 42/43 for 60 to 69 years old, 41/42 for 70 to 79 years old, and 40/41 for 80 or older, respectively (sensitivity 84.80% and specificity 95.70%). Conclusion: This study proved that DMS48 is of good validation in screening MCI-A in elderly Chinese.
Detection of Dementia Cases in Two Swedish Health Registers: A Validation Study
Authors: Rizzuto Debora , Feldman Adina L. , Karlsson Ida K. , Dahl Aslan Anna K. , Gatz Margaret , Pedersen Nancy L. 
Published: January 2018

Background: Population-based health registers are potential assets in epidemiological research; however, the quality of case ascertainment is crucial. Objective: To compare the case ascertainment of dementia, from the National Patient Register (NPR) and the Cause of Death Register (CDR) with dementia diagnoses from six Swedish population based studies. Methods: Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) of dementia identification in NPR and CDR were estimated by individual record linkage with six Swedish population based studies ( n = 19,035). Time to detection in NPR was estimated using data on dementia incidence from longitudinal studies with more than two decades of follow-up. Results: Barely half of the dementia cases were ever detected by NPR or CDR. Using data from longitudinal studies we estimated that a record with a dementia diagnosis appears in the NPR on average 5.5 years after first diagnosis. Although the ability of the registers to detect dementia cases was moderate, the ability to detect non-dementia cases was almost perfect (99%). When registers indicate that there is a dementia diagnosis, there are very few instances in which the clinicians determined the person was not demented. Indeed, PPVs were close to 90%. However, misclassification between dementia subtype diagnoses is quite common, especially in NPR. Conclusions: Although the overall sensitivity is low, the specificity and the positive predictive value are very high. This suggests that hospital and death registers can be used to identify dementia cases in the community, but at the cost of missing a large proportion of the cases.
Exercise Training on Locomotion in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Pedrinolla Anna , Venturelli Massimo , Fonte Cristina , Munari Daniele , Benetti Maria Vittoria , Rudi Doriana , Tamburin Stefano , Muti Ettore , Zanolla Luisa , Smania Nicola , Schena Federico 
Published: January 2018

Background: Although current literature has shown that patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have worse locomotion compared with healthy counterparts, no studies have focused on the efficacy of exercise training in improving gait abnormalities including biomechanics and metabolic aspects, in this population. Objective: To verify the effectiveness of exercise training (ET) on gait parameters (i.e., speed, step and stride length, single and double support, and energy cost of walking (Cw)) in patients with AD with respect to a standard cognitive treatment (CT). Methods: In this study, we included a small portion of data belonging to a larger study (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03034746). Patients with AD (Mini-Mental State Examination 22±5) were included in the study. Gait parameters and Cw were assessed at baseline and after 6 months (72 treatment sessions) of treatment. ET included 90 min of aerobic and strength training. CT included 90 min of cognitive stimuli. Results: The 16 patients assigned to ET exhibited significant improvement of Cw (–0.9±0.1 J/kg·m-1), while differences in gait parameters were negligible. The effect on gait parameters were undetectable in the 18 patients assigned to CT (–0.2±0.5 J/kg·m-1). Conclusions: Data from this study showed that ET program seems effective in improving Cw in patients with AD. Interestingly, the positive effect of ET on Cw was not coupled with ameliorations of patient’s gait parameters, suggesting that the gain of metabolic aspects of locomotion were the main factors responsible for this positive result.
The Progression of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer’s Disease During a Five-Year Follow-Up: Kuopio ALSOVA Study
Authors: Hallikainen Ilona , Hongisto Kristiina , Välimäki Tarja , Hänninen Tuomo , Martikainen Janne , Koivisto Anne M. 
Published: January 2018

Background: An improved understanding of the role of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in the course of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has recently emerged. NPS lead to hospitalization and caregiver stress, but are more variable during the course of the disease than other symptoms. Knowledge about the role of specific NPS in disease progression and prognosis is especially limited. Objectives: To examine the relationship between specific NPS and AD severity during a 5-year follow-up period, and to determine which baseline NPS predict AD progression. Methods: 236 persons with very mild (CDR 0.5) or mild (CDR 1) AD at baseline and their caregivers were followed up for five years as part of the ALSOVA study. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory was used to assess NPS, and AD severity progression was measured with the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes. Data was analyzed with Generalized Estimated Equations and Linear Mixed Models. Results: The baseline NPS that best predicted AD progression were delusions, agitation, and aberrant motor behavior, while AD severity during follow-up was associated with hallucinations, delusions, agitation, apathy, aberrant motor behavior, and sleep and appetite disturbances. Conclusions: Persons with mild AD presenting delusions, agitation, and aberrant motor behavior at the time of diagnosis could have a more rapidly progressing disease, and some NPS are associated with AD severity. These results highlight the importance of evaluating NPS at the time of AD diagnosis, and the need to offer additional support to persons presenting delusions, agitation and aberrant motor behavior, and their caregivers.
The Effects and Meanings of Receiving a Diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment or Alzheimer’s Disease When One Lives Alone
Authors: Portacolone Elena , Johnson Julene K. , Covinsky Kenneth E. , Halpern Jodi , Rubinstein Robert L. 
Published: January 2018

Background: One third of older adults with cognitive impairment live alone and are at high risk for poor health outcomes. Little is known about how older adults who live alone experience the process of receiving a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the effects and meanings of receiving a diagnosis of MCI or AD on the lived experience of older adults living alone. Methods: This is a qualitative study of adults age 65 and over living alone with cognitive impairment. Participants’ lived experiences were elicited through ethnographic interviews and participant observation in their homes. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, interview transcripts and fieldnotes were analyzed to identify codes and themes. Results: Twenty-nine older adults and 6 members of their social circles completed 114 ethnographic interviews. Core themes included: relief, distress, ambiguous recollections, and not knowing what to do. Participants sometimes felt uplifted and relieved by the diagnostic process. Some participants did not mention having received a diagnosis or had only partial recollections about it. Participants reported that, as time passed, they did not know what to do with regard to the treatment of their condition. Sometimes they also did not know how to prepare for a likely worsening of their condition, which they would experience while living alone. Conclusion: Findings suggest the need for more tailored care and follow-up as soon as MCI or AD is diagnosed in persons living alone.
Diffuse X-Ray-emitting Gas in Major Mergers
Authors: Smith Beverly J. , Campbell Kristen , Struck Curtis , Soria Roberto , Swartz Douglas , Magno Macon , Dunn Brianne , Giroux Mark L. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Using archived data from the Chandra X-ray telescope, we have extracted the diffuse X-ray emission from 49 equal-mass interacting/merging galaxy pairs in a merger sequence, from widely separated pairs to merger remnants. After the removal of contributions from unresolved point sources, we compared the diffuse thermal X-ray luminosity from hot gas (L
X(gas)) with the global star formation rate (SFR). After correction for absorption within the target galaxy, we do not see a strong trend of L
X(gas)/SFR with the SFR or merger stage for galaxies with SFR > 1 M
☉ yr−1. For these galaxies, the median L
X(gas)/SFR is 5.5 × 1039 ((erg s−1)/M
☉ yr−1)), similar to that of normal spiral galaxies. These results suggest that stellar feedback in star-forming galaxies reaches an approximately steady-state condition, in which a relatively constant fraction of about 2% of the total energy output from supernovae and stellar winds is converted into X-ray flux. Three late-stage merger remnants with low SFRs and high K-band luminosities (L

K
) have enhanced L
X(gas)/SFR; their UV/IR/optical colors suggest that they are post-starburst galaxies, perhaps in the process of becoming ellipticals. Systems with L

K
< 1010 L
☉ have lower L
X(gas)/SFR ratios than the other galaxies in our sample, perhaps due to lower gravitational fields or lower metallicities. We see no relation between L
X(gas)/SFR and Seyfert activity in this sample, suggesting that feedback from active galactic nuclei is not a major contributor to the hot gas in our sample galaxies.
Secondary Atmospheres on HD 219134 b and c
Authors: Dorn Caroline , Heng Kevin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We analyze the interiors of HD 219134 b and c, which are among the coolest super-Earths detected thus far. Without using spectroscopic measurements, we aim at constraining if the possible atmospheres are hydrogen-rich or hydrogen-poor. In the first step, we employ a full probabilistic Bayesian inference analysis to rigorously quantify the degeneracy of interior parameters given the data of mass, radius, refractory element abundances, semimajor axes, and stellar irradiation. We obtain constraints on structure and composition for core, mantle, ice layer, and atmosphere. In the second step, we aim to draw conclusions on the nature of possible atmospheres by considering atmospheric escape. Specifically, we compare the actual possible atmospheres to a threshold thickness above which a primordial (H2-dominated) atmosphere can be retained against evaporation over the planet’s lifetime. The best-constrained parameters are the individual layer thicknesses. The maximum radius fraction of possible atmospheres are 0.18 and 0.13 R (radius), for planets b and c, respectively. These values are significantly smaller than the threshold thicknesses of primordial atmospheres: 0.28 and 0.19 R, respectively. Thus, the possible atmospheres of planets b and c are unlikely to be H2-dominated. However, whether possible volatile layers are made of gas or liquid/solid water cannot be uniquely determined. Our main conclusions are (1) the possible atmospheres for planets b and c are enriched and thus possibly secondary in nature, and (2) both planets may contain a gas layer, whereas the layer of HD 219134 b must be larger. HD 219134 c can be rocky.
Gas Expulsion in MOND: The Possible Origin of Diffuse Globular Clusters and Ultra-faint Dwarf Galaxies
Authors: Wu Xufen , Kroupa Pavel 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We study the evolution of star clusters located in the outer regions of a galaxy undergoing a sudden mass loss through gas expulsion in the framework of Milgromian dynamics (MOND) by means of N-body simulations. We find that, to leave a bound star cluster, the star formation efficiency (SFE) of an embedded cluster dominated by deep MOND gravity can be reduced down to

. For a given SFE, the star clusters that survive in MOND can bind a larger fraction of mass compared to those of the Newtonian dynamics. Moreover, the more diffuse the embedded cluster is, the less substantial the size expansion of the final star cluster is. The density profiles of a surviving star cluster are more cuspy in the center for more massive embedded clusters, and the central density profiles are flatter for less massive embedded clusters or for lower SFE. This work may help to understand the low concentration and extension of the distant low-density globular clusters and ultra-faint and diffuse satellite galaxies around the Milky Way.
Renunciation of Health Care by People Living with HIV in France is Still Associated with Discrimination in Health-Care Services and Social Insecurity – Results from the ANRS-VESPA2 Survey
Authors:   the ANRS-VESPA2 Study Group, Fiorentino Marion , Suzan-Monti Marie , Vilotitch Antoine , Sagaon-Teyssier Luis , Dray-Spira Rosemary , Lert France , Spire Bruno 
Published: January 2018

Background This study aimed to estimate the frequency of renunciation of health care among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in France, including health care unrelated to HIV, and to characterize associated socioeconomic and psychosocial risk factors. Methods The cross-sectional ANRS-VESPA2 survey was conducted on adult PLHIV attending French hospitals in 2011. Correlates of health-care renunciation in the 12 months before the survey were assessed through logistic modelling. Results Among the 3,020 PLHIV included in the sample, 17% declared health-care renunciation during the preceding year and 42% had a high level of social insecurity. During the previous 2 years, 8% and 11%, respectively, were discriminated against by medical staff and family. In multivariate analysis, positive associations were found between health-care renunciation and a high level of social insecurity (adjusted odds ratio [95% CI] 3.44 [2.54, 4.65]; P<0.001), having children (1.52 [1.10, 2.10]; P=0.01), smoking tobacco (1.50 [1.13, 1.98]; P=0.01), discrimination by medical staff (1.53 [1.22, 2.29]; P=0.04) or family (2.48 [1.75, 3.52]; P<0.001), major depressive episodes (1.46 [1.02, 2.09]; P=0.04), past or current drug injection (1.54 [1.03, 2.30]; P=0.04), and younger age (0.98 [0.97, 1.00]; P=0.03). Health-care renunciation was also negatively associated with HIV diagnosis after 1996 (1996–2002: 0.64 [0.46, 0.90]; P=0.01; ≥2003: 0.56 [0.40, 0.77]; P=0.001). Conclusions In spite of universal health insurance in France, barrier- and refusal-renunciation of health care by PLHIV remain frequent. Poor psychosocial outcomes and discrimination by families and health-care providers compound the negative effect of social insecurity on health-care seeking in this population. To ensure optimal medical care, strategies are needed to prevent discrimination against PLHIV in health-care services. Special attention must be provided to patients experiencing social insecurity.
Les spécificités du médium « semoule » dans le traitement psychique des traumas primaires : l’expérience d’une disparition/réapparition
Authors: Guittonneau-Bertholet Mireille 
Published: January 2018

Cet article cherche à montrer les spécificités du médium semoule dans le travail analytique avec les enfants, et sa capacité à engager – par ses qualités sensorielles mêmes – un processus de restauration des enveloppes psychiques et corporelles.	L’hypothèse principale est que c’est en particulier par la mise en jeu de sa disparition puis de sa réapparition, de son éparpillement suivi de son rassemblement que ce médium permet un travail de symbolisation des traumas primaires. En effet, ce matériau permet notamment la réactualisation de vécus précoces de disparition, de l’objet et de soi, et leur élaboration.	Au cours de ce processus de symbolisation, on voit souvent l’éparpillement, la disparition de la semoule céder peu à peu la place à des jeux de cache-cache où il s’agit pour l’enfant de dissimuler des objets ou des parties de son corps dans le bac de semoule. Dès lors que séparation ne rime plus avec disparition, on peut progressivement constater la capacité nouvelle des enfants à recourir à des formes secondaires de symbolisation, tel que le jeu du fort-da.
Le sang, le nom, la coutume
Authors: Trépied Benoît 
Published: January 2018

Depuis 2011, les tribunaux coutumiers en Nouvelle‑Calédonie imposent en droit une définition de la paternité kanak exclusivement fondée sur la « coutume ». Cet article déconstruit les présupposés culturalistes qui justifient, aux yeux des juges et contre les justiciables kanak, la disqualification de toute conception biologique de la paternité. Il montre aussi que l’enjeu de la paternité légale, loin de traduire une norme coutumière atemporelle, est en pratique mobilisé par les Kanak au sein de stratégies familiales historiquement situées.
De Gaulle, le Québec et le Canada, 50 ans plus tard.
Authors: Deleuze Magali 
Published: January 2018

Il y a 50 ans, lorsque De Gaulle a crié à Montréal "Vive le Québec libre", il a semé la consternation en France, au Canada et seuls les indépendantistes et les nationalistes québécois semblent avoir apprécié son discours. Depuis, l'historiographie s'est chargée de décortiquer les raisons de son discours, ainsi que l'histoire plus large des relations France-Québec sous De Gaulle et les conséquences pour le Québec, de sa présidence. Les avis sont partagés, encore aujourd'hui, concernant la vision de De Gaulle sur le Québec et de ses projets, planifiés ou non, pour ses cousins d'outre-mer. Par contre, l'historiographie récente des relations franco-québécoises, a souligné un élément consensuel entre les chercheurs ; celui de l'impact fondamental de De Gaulle sur la redécouverte de la France au Québec, mais aussi au Canada à travers les enjeux de la francophonie au sein même de la jeune diplomatie canadienne. Nous aborderons cette redécouverte à travers un bilan historiographique qui témoigne de la richesse de cette histoire.
Enseigner et apprendre le français dans le secondaire de qualification en Belgique francophone : regards croisés
Authors: Scheepers Caroline , Werner Anne-Catherine , Outers Pierre 
Published: January 2018

L’enseignement-apprentissage du français dans le qualifiant en Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles vient de connaitre une profonde mutation. Dès lors, enseignants, élèves et formateurs voient leurs pratiques remaniées. C’est cette situation que la présente contribution entend éclairer. Quelles sont les finalités du cours de français dans les filières qualifiantes ? Quelles seraient ses spécificités ? Comment le français est-il décliné en compétences, en domaines ? Le français dans le qualifiant constitue-t-il une discipline à part entière ou est-il nécessairement instrumentalisé au service des autres apprentissages ? Quelles sont les pratiques lecturales scolaires et extrascolaires des élèves ? Quelles sont les compétences et les composantes identitaires des enseignants et des élèves ? Nous avons pu recueillir les représentations d’une trentaine d’enseignants et de plus de cinq-cents élèves. Les résultats interpellent à triple titre : ils concernent des problématiques peu étudiées, ils s’avèrent quelquefois largement contre-intuitifs et ils donnent à voir des disparités significatives entre les représentations des différents acteurs consultés.