bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
O Supremo Tribunal Federal e a Configuração da Necessidade do Indivíduo: Uma Análise do Critério de Miserabilidade na Lei Orgânica da Assistência Social
Authors: Braga Fábio Rezende , Cruz Elisa Schmidlin 
Published: January 2017

No Brasil, o Benefício Assistencial de Prestação Continuada (BPC) é concedido mensalmente a idosos e deficiente físicos em situação de risco social e carência econômica. Em que pese a expressa previsão constitucional que determina o amplo acesso ao referido benefício, a Lei Orgânica da Assistência Social (LOAS) estabelece, dentre outros, critério objetivo de miserabilidade que restringe a abrangência do direito à percepção do BPC. A matéria, por sua relevância, foi julgada pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) em mais de uma oportunidade. Pelo exposto, intenciona o presente artigo demonstrar os diferentes posicionamentos já sustentados pelo STF no enfrentamento da problemática envolvendo o critério de miserabilidade positivado na LOAS e, por fim, evidenciar o atual entendimento da Suprema Corte brasileira sobre a configuração da situação de necessidade do indivíduo. O trabalho tem caráter qualitativo e a construção dos dados é realizada sobre a base da legislação vigente, complementada por pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial, que oferecem o aporte necessário para compreender os conceitos e princípios que estruturam o objeto perquirido.
O Direito Fundamental ao Bom Controle Público
Authors: Ferreira Junior Adircélio De Moraes 
Published: January 2017

A atuação do Poder Público se dá por meio do chamado fenômeno financeiro, por meio do qual o Estado arrecada recursos com o intuito de devolvê-los aos cidadãos por meio da prestação de serviços públicos. Dentre os valores que devem nortear essa atividade estatal, que vai desde a elaboração do orçamento até a sua execução, encontram-se a justiça financeira e o direito fundamental à boa administração e governança pública, insculpidos no texto constitucional brasileiro. Essa vinculação determina a eficiência e eficácia do agir estatal por meio de suas políticas públicas e coloca os Tribunais de Contas, como órgãos responsáveis pelo controle externo da administração pública brasileira, no papel central de promotores ou garantidores do cumprimento desses compromissos de extração constitucional. Para tanto, faz-se necessária a adoção por parte desses órgãos de uma nova concepção de controle, mais eficiente, eficaz, racional e abrangente, que pode ser traduzida na noção de bom controle público, o qual, por sua vez, deve ser reconhecido também como um direito fundamental na sociedade contemporânea. Esse novo paradigma de controle deve superar a ineficiência e ineficácia do controle tradicional, um dos vetores do déficit de legitimidade de que padecem as Cortes de Contas brasileiras, e contribuir de maneira decisiva para a concretude daqueles valores maiores, de forma que esses órgãos de controle se convertam em legítimos Tribunais da Boa Governança Pública, combatendo, assim, efetivamente as anomalias na atuação do Poder Público, causadoras de injustiças financeiras, notadamente a ineficiência, a ineficácia e a corrupção.
Change in Nasal Congestion Index after Treatment in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Sahin-Onder Serap , Sahin-Yilmaz Asli , Oysu Cagatay , Deveci Ildem , Sahin Samil , Aktas Betul 
Published: January 2017

Background The management of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) involves both surgical and medical approaches, and remains a controversial subject. Objective The objective of this prospective, randomized, controlled trial was to compare the medical and surgical treatments of CRSwNP in terms of their effect on the nasal congestion index (NCI). Methods Forty-eight patients with CRSwNP were randomized either to medical or surgical therapy. Pretreatment and 3-and 6-month posttreatment assessments of the visual analog scale score, the 20-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test, saccharine clearance time, nasal endoscopy, and NCI measurement with acoustic rhinometry were performed. Forty-one subjects were included in the analysis. Results Both the medical and surgical interventions for CRSwNP resulted in significant improvement in the visual analog scale score, 20-Item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test, saccharine clearance time, and nasal endoscopic examination scores. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of the percentage change from baseline for any of the parameters at the 6-month posttreatment assessment. NCI showed no significant difference from baseline. Similarly, no significant difference was found between the medical and surgical groups in terms of their effect on the NCI (p > 0.05). Conclusion Because NCI does not correlate with standard subjective measures in outcomes for this group of patients, it cannot be used as an outcome measurement of treatment of subjects with CRSwNP. Results of this prospective randomized study did not find any additional benefit of surgical therapy over medical therapy in subjects with CRSwNP.
Skull Base Erosion and Associated Complications in Sphenoid Sinus Fungal Balls
Authors: Meier Josh C. , Scangas George A. , Remenschneider Aaron K. , Sadow Peter , Chambers Kyle , Dedmon Matt , Lin Derrick T. , Holbrook Eric H. , Metson Ralph , Gray Stacey T. 
Published: January 2017

Background Sphenoid sinus fungal balls (SSFB) are rare entities that can result in serious orbital and intracranial complications. There are few published reports of complications that result from SSFB. Objective To review the incidence of skull base erosion and orbital or intracranial complications in patients who present with SSFB. Methods A retrospective review was performed of all the patients with SSFB who were treated at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary from 2006 to 2014. Presenting clinical data, radiology, operative reports, pathology, and postoperative course were reviewed. Results Forty-three patients with SSFB were identified. Demographic data were compared between patients with (39.5%) and those without (61.5%) skull base erosion. Two patients underwent emergent surgery for acute complications of SSFB (one patient with blindness, one patient who had a seizure). Both patients with acute complications had evidence of skull base erosion, whereas no patients with an intact skull base developed an orbital or intracranial complication (p = 0.15). All the patients were surgically managed via an endoscopic approach. Conclusion SSFBs are rare but may cause significant skull base erosion and potentially severe orbital and intracranial complications if not treated appropriately. Endoscopic sphenoidotomy is effective in treating SSFB and should be performed emergently in patients who presented with associated complications.
The sintering behavior and physical properties of Li2CO3-doped Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5TiO3 lead-free ceramics
Authors: Vuong Le Dai , Tho Nguyen Truong 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this study, Li2CO3-doped Bi0.5(Na0.8K0.2)0.5TiO3 (BNKT) ceramics were fabricated via the conventional solid-state reaction using ultrasound waves for preliminary milling. The milling time was shortened from 20 h to 1 h with ball milling. The phase structure of BNKT investigated by X-ray diffraction showed a single perovskite phase. With increasing Li2CO3 content, the phase structure of the ceramics changed from rhombohedral to tetragonal. At a sintering temperature of 1100 °C and Li2CO3 content of 0.4 wt.%, the best physical properties of the ceramics, such as density (ρ), 5.9 g cm−3; electromechanical coupling factors (k
p), 0.32; (k
t), 0.29; remanent polarization (P
r), 12.0 μC cm−2; dielectric constant (∊
r), 1 191; and highest dielectric constant (∊
max), 5 800, were obtained.
Designing and developing public spaces in Brussels
Authors: Moritz Benoit 
Published: January 2017

This text is a short account or summary of urban imaginations which have conditioned the formal view of the development of public space since the creation of the Brussels-Capital Region.It presents different periods which have constituted turning points and overlappings in the evolution of these imaginations.Through concrete examples, the text illustrates in particular how development practices for public space became recognised, at first through projects which were simply aimed at a better balance in the distribution of public space, and then progressively through projects which integrated questions regarding use and the architectural qualities of developments. The author discusses in particular the influence of the “neighbourhood contract” urban revitalisation tool in this evolution.The texts ends with the identification of new methodological challenges facing public spaces in Brussels, as regards the understanding of the different levels as well as project formalisation processes.
Brussels at the heart of urban legends?
Authors: Van de Winkel Aurore 
Published: January 2017

This article presents urban legends told in Brussels which reflect an urban imagination crossed with local characteristics. Presented as news items although their truthfulness is questionable, these stories mentioning Brussels tell of attacks or harm committed against an anonymous person or the friend of a friend, in everyday public spaces, places of constant coming and going, personal itineraries or familiar shops. These legends feature the confrontation with others, machines or nature, and present Brussels as a dangerous place where security is everybody’s business. These legends serve as warnings and allow people to reassert their identity by designating scapegoats. The stories which take place in Brussels may, however, come from elsewhere and be told around the world. The places mentioned are lures intended to increase a feeling of proximity, affects and an identification with the characters. Brussels is featured as an empty shell with the same characteristics as every big city in industrialised western countries – an empty shell necessary for the contemporary imagination.
La représentation politique des musulmans à Bruxelles
Authors: Zibouh Fatima 
Published: January 2017

Par comparaison aux autres grandes villes européennes, la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale présente une configuration inédite en termes de représentation politique des élus issus de la diversité et en particulier des élus musulmans. En effet, près d’un député sur cinq siégeant au Parlement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale est de culture musulmane. Cette originalité est d’autant plus forte que l’un des sièges du Parlement bruxellois est attribué pour la première fois à une députée musulmane portant un foulard (Mahinur Ozdemir), ce qui constitue une première dans toute l’Union européenne. Sur la base d’un travail documentaire mais aussi d’une démarche empirique effectuée à partir d’entretiens réalisés avec des députés bruxellois, des acteurs associatifs mobilisés avant les élections et une observation ethnographique de la campagne électorale, la présente contribution essaie de comprendre les facteurs explicatifs de cette représentation politique, assez exceptionnelle en Europe, en posant l’hypothèse de l’influence déterminante des paramètres institutionnels, combinés à l’évolution démographique et à la mobilisation associative des musulmans à Bruxelles.
The political representation of Muslims in Brussels
Authors: Zibouh Fatima 
Published: January 2017

Compared with other major European cities, the Brussels-Capital Region has a unique configuration in terms of the political representation of elected representatives descended from diverse ethnocultural groups, and in particular Muslim elected representatives. Nearly one out of five members of the Parliament of the Brussels-Capital Region is of Muslim origin. This is all the more unique given that, for the first time in Brussels and in the entire European Union, one of the seats in the Brussels Parliament is held by a Muslim member who wears a headscarf (Mahinur Ozdemir). The present article is based on documentary work as well as an empirical approach carried out using interviews which were conducted with Brussels MPs and community stakeholders mobilised before the elections as well as an ethnographic observation of the election campaign. Its objective is to understand the explanatory factors regarding this political representation which is quite unusual in Europe, by formulating the hypothesis of the deciding influence of institutional parameters combined with the demographic evolution and community mobilisation of Muslims in Brussels.
New RER stations for Brussels? Challenges, methods and constraints
Authors: Lebrun Kevin , Dobruszkes Frédéric 
Published: January 2017

This article goes back over the debate which still remains to be settled and which divides the Brussels-Capital Region and the SNCB regarding the creation of new urban railway stations in the framework of the RER project. Our aim is to provide an objective (or at least methodologically transparent and clearly presented) assessment which is up to date as regards the relevance of these stations. Thus, after presenting the problem and discussing possible methods, we propose a calculation of the potential of each of the stations proposed by the different urban planning documents of the Brussels Region.We thus illustrate the pertinence of most of them, a significant share of which are more relevant than some of the existing secondary stations in Brussels. However, the most promising stations are often those which seem the most difficult from a technical point of view. Conversely, new stations that would be the easiest to build often have the lower traffic potential.Beyond the impartiality of the results, we also insist on the fact that the decision to put a station (back) into service depends above all on political action, which reflects the fact that challenges of various dimensions and natures have been taken into account. This is illustrated in our case studies.
Fotografische voorstellingen van Brussel rond de vorige eeuwwisseling (19e-20e eeuw): van documentatie tot artistieke expressie
Authors: Leenaerts Danielle 
Published: January 2017

De jaren 1880 tot 1890 waren doorslaggevend voor de Brusselse stedenbouw en de artistieke erkenning van de fotografie. De grote werken die Leopold II liet uitvoeren, waren bepalend voor de stadsidentiteit van Brussel. Tegelijkertijd veranderde het statuut van de beoefenaars van de fotografie. De pioniers van de voorgaande generatie werden vervangen door een generatie amateurfotografen – in de edele zin van het woord – die fotografie als een volwaardige en op zichzelf staande kunst verdedigden. Ze sloten zich aan bij een internationale stroming, die in het midden van de jaren 1880 opdook onder de naam “Picturalisme”, de schilderkunst als model nam en voorrang gaf aan tijdloze onderwerpen. De relatie tussen de stad en de fotografische weergave ervan veranderde en de stad en de stedelijke rand werden meer beschouwd als een landschap. Het aantal persoonlijke standpunten over het stedelijk landschap nam toe, aangemoedigd door de kringen voor kunstfotografie, die zich verenigden in de Association belge de Photographie.
Organisation des compétences entre Région et communes à Bruxelles : dépasser l’antagonisme des approches « Tina » et « Nimby »
Authors: Lagasse Nicolas 
Published: January 2017

Le projet de « grande ville » passe-t-il nécessairement par la suppression des communes ou une réduction drastique de leurs compétences ? Le débat est vif entre « régionalistes » et « municipalistes ». Le détour par l’analyse juridique livre des pistes de réflexion pour sortir de cette « guerre des tranchées ». La Constitution et la Charte européenne de l’autonomie locale offrent en effet un cadre de réflexion. Le droit n’impose ni n’exclut aucun scénario, mais oblige le législateur à interroger la possibilité d’une coopération synergique entre la Région et les communes, à l’aune des principes de subsidiarité et de proportionnalité. Sur cette base, l’article pose quatre questions. La Région exerce-t-elle effectivement toute sa capacité de cohésion et de coordination ? L’institution communale est-elle organisée de la manière la plus efficace ? Tous les modes de concertation et de synergie ont-ils été mobilisés ? Les collaborations intercommunales ne doivent-elles pas être revues dans l’optique d’en améliorer la qualité du service à un moindre coût ? Cette réflexion ouvre des pistes pour rationaliser l’organisation des institutions et promouvoir les modalités de coopération.
Female homelessness in Brussels: an evolution in need of clarification
Authors: Lelubre Marjorie 
Published: January 2017

The issue of the “feminisation” of homelessness as presented in public discourse over the past several years must be questioned. In order to do so, this analysis examines data regarding the use of two key operators in the Brussels sector – the night shelter Pierre d'Angle and the SAMU social – along with statistics centralised by La Strada. Although the hypothesis of an increase may appear to be well-founded in terms of absolute numbers, it is much less clear in relative terms. While the number of homeless women has increased in certain services, this growth is above all part of a general increase in the homeless population.Beyond the figures, the article is aimed at a better understanding of the particularities of the female residential experience, which is marked by greater use of an informal network and long-term housing structures. The categorisation of homeless people is also questioned. Finally, the effects and impacts of the image of women on the support they receive within the institutional network are discussed.
La mixité sociale dans l’action publique urbaine à Bruxelles : projet ou langage politique ?
Authors: Lenel Emmanuelle 
Published: January 2017

Reprenant de la vigueur au milieu des années 1990, le principe de mixité sociale s’est cristallisé au tournant des années 2000 dans une démarche politique de « renforcement de la cohésion sociale ». Il est depuis devenu un mot d’ordre de l’action publique urbaine menée à Bruxelles comme ailleurs en Europe. Cette contribution s’attache, d’une part, à tracer le contexte politique et idéologique dans lequel il prend place. Elle tente de montrer, d’autre part, ce que recouvre le « projet » de mixité sociale dans le cas de Bruxelles – ses intentions, ses instruments et ses non‑dits – et les enjeux urbains qu’il révèle.
Un anniversaire oublié : les premiers hypermarchés européens ouvrent à Bruxelles en 1961
Authors: Grimmeau Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2017

L’hypermarché est un magasin en libre-service de plus de 2 500 m² vendant des articles alimentaires et non-alimentaires, de localisation périphérique, de bonne accessibilité et entouré d’un grand parking. Il est généralement considéré comme une invention française de 1963 (Carrefour de Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, près de Paris, 2 500 m²). Mais GB ouvrait près de deux ans plus tôt, en 1961, trois hypermarchés sous l’enseigne SuperBazar à Bruges, Auderghem et Anderlecht, de 3 300 à 9 100 m². Par l’examen de la littérature, l’exploration des archives d’entreprise et les témoignages d’acteurs du secteur de la distribution, l’article compare minutieusement les histoires des premiers hypermarchés belges et français, ce qui n’avait jamais été fait. Si l’on écarte le site de Bruges, de seulement 3 300 m² et initialement conçu comme grand magasin, le point de vente d’Auderghem (9 100 m² boulevard du Souverain), conçu sur le modèle américain du discount department store mais associé à un supermarché alimentaire intégré, doit être considéré comme le premier hypermarché européen, l’association de l’alimentaire et du non-alimentaire, bien que rare, n’étant alors pas inexistante aux Etats-Unis. L’hypermarché est donc une invention américaine, GB a ouvert les premiers hypermarchés européens en Belgique et Carrefour a diffusé le modèle de l’hypermarché à travers le monde… et repris la plupart des hypermarchés belges en 2000.
Een vergeten verjaardag: de eerste Europese hypermarkten openen in Brussel in 1961
Authors: Grimmeau Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2017

De hypermarkt is een zelfbedieningswinkel met een oppervlakte van meer an 2 500 m² waar zowel voedingsproducten als non food verkocht worden, gelegen in de stadsrand, en met een grote parking errond. Algemeen wordt aangenomen dat het een Franse uitvinding was uit 1963 (Carrefour van Sainte-Geneviève-des-Bois, vlakbij Parijs, 2 500 m²). Maar GB opende zowat 2 jaar eerder, in 1961, drie hypermarkten onder de merknaam SuperBazar in Brugge, Oudergem en Anderlecht, van 3 300 tot 9 100 m². Aan de hand van een literatuurstudie, onderzoek in de GIB bedrijfsarchieven en getuigenissen van de actoren uit de Belgische distributiesector vergelijkt het artikel nauwgezet de geschiedenis van de eerste Belgische en Franse hypermarkten, wat nog nooit eerder gedaan was. Als we de site in Brugge buiten beschouwing laten, die slechts 3 300 m² groot was en in eerste instantie ontworpen was als grote winkel, is het verkoopspunt in Oudergem (9 100 m², Vorstlaan) de eerste Europese hypermarkt, opgericht naar het Amerikaanse model van de discount department store maar met een geïntegreerde voedingssupermarkt. Het samen aanbieden van voedingsproducten en non food was zeldzaam maar niet onbestaande in de VS. De hypermarkt is dus een Amerikaanse uitvinding, GB opende de eerste Europese hypermarkten in België en Carrefour heeft het model van de hypermarkt gemondialiseerd… en de meeste Belgische hypermarkten in 2000 overgenomen.
Daily mobility in Brussels: challenges, tools and priority undertakings
Authors: Hubert Michel , Lebrun Kevin , Huynen Philippe , Dobruszkes Frédéric 
Published: January 2017

This synopsis makes use of the data and analyses from the first two Cahiers de l’Observatoire de la mobilité of the Brussels-Capital Region, bringing up to date the synopsis from the Citizens’ Forum of Brussels published in 2009 and adding to it considerably. It provides a complete and detailed overview of this matter, which represents one of the Region’s key responsibilities and expenses. The first part of the synopsis presents the main challenges which Brussels faces. It then looks at the tools and institutional challenges (the means of action are particularly complex in Brussels and the balance of powers between stakeholders is formidable), before ending with an analysis of the convergences and divergences surrounding two undertakings which many feel are a priority for Brussels: the development of the railway network of the Société des Transports Intercommunaux Bruxellois (STIB) and the operating of the future RER.
Le rôle de l’usage temporaire dans le (re)développement urbain : exemples bruxellois
Authors: De Smet Aurelie 
Published: January 2017

Comme la réalisation de projets d’aménagement est généralement précédée d’une longue phase de planification, certains sites de (re)développement urbain apparaissent souvent comme inutiles pendant une certaine période. Ceci peut exercer une influence négative sur les environs. De plus, la présence d’« espaces inutiles » est difficilement acceptable étant donnée la forte demande de lieux ouverts et publics. L’article est issu la recherche en cours « The role of temporary use of waiting spaces in urban (re)development » qui cherche à établir si l’usage temporaire de ces endroits peut contribuer à l’élaboration d’un mode de développement de l’espace plus actuel, plus flexible et plus spontané. Plus spécifiquement, l’auteur de la recherche décrit 10 études de cas, grâce auxquels la situation actuelle et les possibilités existantes en matière d’usage temporaire ont été examinées dans le contexte concret de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale. L’intention est de mettre à l’agenda le rôle possible de l’usage temporaire dans la planification de l’espace de la Région. Cette contribution se rattache ainsi à d’autres initiatives actuelles relatives à ce sujet, comme le récent colloque « Espace Public Temporaire » et la masterclass « Espaces publics en action » organisés avec le soutien de ]pyblik[.