bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solution‐processable and electroactive aromatic polyamides with 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)triphenylamine moiety
Authors: Hsiao Sheng‐Huei , Wu Chien‐Nan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNew fluorine‐containing, triphenylamine‐based diamine and dicarboxylic acid monomers, namely 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4′,4″‐diaminotriphenylamine and 3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐4′,4″‐dicarboxytriphenylamine, were synthesized and polymerized with commercially available aromatic dicarboxylic acids and diamines, respectively, leading to two series of aromatic polyamides, 5a–h and 7a–e. Most of the polyamides were amorphous and readily soluble in many common organic solvents and could be solution‐cast into transparent, flexible and strong films with good mechanical properties. The polyamides had useful levels of thermal stability associated with high glass transition temperatures of 273–305 °C and 10% weight‐loss temperatures in excess of 500 °C. Cyclic voltammograms of films of polymers 5a–h on indium–tin oxide‐coated glass substrates exhibited reversible oxidation redox couples with E1/2 around 1.15 V versus Ag/AgCl in tetrabutylammonium perchlorate/acetonitrile solution, accompanied by a color change from colorless neutral state to reddish brown oxidized state. The 7 series polymers displayed a higher oxidation potential and less electrochemical stability as compared to the 5 series analogues. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Simple and easy recycling of poly(amic acid) gels through microwave irradiation
Authors: Yu Hwan‐Chul , Choi Ju‐Young , Jeong Jin‐Won , Kim Beom‐Jun , Chung Chan‐Moon 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTPoly(amic acid)s (PAAs), which are precursors of polyimides, often undergo gel formation during their synthesis or storage, and these insoluble gels have been discarded. In this work, we discovered that the gels could be converted to homogeneous PAA solutions by fast and simple microwave (MW) irradiation. The PAA gels were placed inside a domestic MW oven, and MW irradiation was carried out with 240 W for 2 min. The recycled PAA solutions afforded polyimide films, coatings, and powders. The polyimides prepared from the recycled PAA solutions exhibited higher glass transition temperatures (Tgs), decomposition temperatures, and char yields than comparison polyimides obtained from ordinary PAA solutions. Flexible free‐standing polyimide films were obtained by drop‐casting of the MW‐treated solutions and subsequent thermal imidization. Mechanical properties and dielectric constants were measured for the polyimide films and coatings, respectively. This new method has significant advantages for the environment, economy, and industry. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 981–987
Periodic extinction bands composed of all flat‐on lamellae in poly(dodecamethylene terephthalate) thin films crystallized at high temperatures
Authors: Lugito Graecia , Woo Eamor M. , Chang Shih‐Min 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTUsing in‐house synthesized poly(dodecamethylene terephthalate) (P12T) as a model, periodic extinction‐banded spherulites melt‐crystallized at high Tcs (100–115 °C) are expounded in terms of growth mechanism. The extinction‐banded spherulites wildly differing from the usual blue/orange double ring‐banded spherulites are composed of all flat‐on discrete single‐crystalline lamellae packed like roof shingles (or fish scales) along the circularly curved bands and the lamellae in the extinction bands are flat with a lozenge shape with no continuous twisting at all. For P12T films of more than 10 µm crystallized at Tc = 105–115 °C, no periodic bands were seen, and all spherulites were ringless, where periodic growth precipitation of crystals to extinction does not occur until impingement. Extinction bands in the P12T spherulites with the inter‐ring spacing steadily decrease with decreasing film thickness, because for thinner films (submicrons to 2 µm), draining or depletion of available molten species takes place more frequently, leading to bands of smaller inter‐ring spacing. The petal‐like extinction bands are discussed and analyzed in detail using 3D AFM imaging. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 601–611
Prevalence of oncologists in distress: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Medisauskaite Asta , Kamau Caroline 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveHigh mortality from cancer and rising patient numbers can trigger distress among oncologists because of a heavy and emotionally demanding workload. This systematic review and meta‐analysis assesses the prevalence of high levels of distress among oncologists.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses protocol is registered at the PROSPERO international prospective register (ref. 2015:CRD42015016325). We categorised data items according to the following distress factors: burnout, psychiatric morbidity, stress, depression, disrupted sleep, stress‐induced physical symptoms, and substance use. We meta‐analysed the prevalence of burnout and psychiatric morbidity using random effects models with MetaXL software.ResultsThe meta‐analyses showed that 32% of 4876 oncologists had high burnout (±CI 28%‐36%) and 27% of 2384 had high psychiatric morbidity (±CI 23%‐32%). Studies also showed that 42% to 69% feel stressed at work, >12% of oncologists screen positive for depression, many oncologists suffer from sleep deprivation, up to 30% drink alcohol in a problematic way, and up to 20% of junior oncologists use hypnotic drugs, and some frequently experience stress‐induced complaints such as ulcers, gastric problems, headaches, and arrhythmia.ConclusionsOccupational distress reduces career satisfaction, affects patient care, and increases the chances of oncologists switching to another area of medicine; therefore, future research should explore appropriate interventions.
Genome‐Wide Measures of Peripheral Blood Dna Methylation and Prostate Cancer Risk in a Prospective Nested Case‐Control Study
Authors: FitzGerald Liesel M. , Naeem Haroon , Makalic Enes , Schmidt Daniel F. , Dowty James G. , Joo Jihoon E. , Jung Chol‐Hee , Bassett Julie K. , Dugue Pierre‐Antoine , Chung Jessica , Lonie Andrew , Milne Roger L. , Wong Ee Ming , Hopper John L. , English Dallas R. , Severi Gianluca , Baglietto Laura , Pedersen John , Giles Graham G. , Southey Melissa C. 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUNDGlobal measures of peripheral blood DNA methylation have been associated with risk of some malignancies, including breast, bladder, and gastric cancer. Here, we examined genome‐wide measures of peripheral blood DNA methylation in prostate cancer and its non‐aggressive and aggressive disease forms.METHODSWe used a matched, case‐control study of 687 incident prostate cancer samples, nested within a larger prospective cohort study. DNA methylation was measured in pre‐diagnostic, peripheral blood samples using the Illumina Infinium HM450K BeadChip. Genome‐wide measures of DNA methylation were computed as the median M‐value of all CpG sites and according to CpG site location and regulatory function. We used conditional logistic regression to test for associations between genome‐wide measures of DNA methylation and risk of prostate cancer and its subtypes, and by time between blood draw and diagnosis.RESULTSWe observed no associations between the genome‐wide measure of DNA methylation based on all CpG sites and risk of prostate cancer or aggressive disease. Risk of non‐aggressive disease was associated with higher methylation of CpG islands (OR = 0.80; 95%CI = 0.68–0.94), promoter regions (OR = 0.79; 95%CI = 0.66–0.93), and high density CpG regions (OR = 0.80; 95%CI = 0.68–0.94). Additionally, higher methylation of all CpGs (OR = 0.66; 95%CI = 0.48–0.89), CpG shores (OR = 0.62; 95%CI = 0.45–0.84), and regulatory regions (OR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.51–0.91) was associated with a reduced risk of overall prostate cancer within 5 years of blood draw but not thereafter.CONCLUSIONSA reduced risk of overall prostate cancer within 5 years of blood draw and non‐aggressive prostate cancer was associated with higher genome‐wide methylation of peripheral blood DNA. While these data have no immediate clinical utility, with further work they may provide insight into the early events of prostate carcinogenesis. Prostate 77:471–478, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non‐Adrenergic, Tamsulosin‐Insensitive Smooth Muscle Contraction is Sufficient to Replace α1‐Adrenergic Tension in the Human Prostate
Authors: Hennenberg Martin , Acevedo Alice , Wiemer Nicolas , Kan Aysenur , Tamalunas Alexander , Wang Yiming , Yu Qingfeng , Rutz Beata , Ciotkowska Anna , Herlemann Annika , Strittmatter Frank , Stief Christian G. , Gratzke Christian 
Published: January 2017

BACKGROUNDLower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia may be caused by prostate smooth muscle contraction. Although α1‐blockers may improve symptoms by prostate smooth muscle relaxation, their efficacy is limited. This may be explained by non‐adrenergic mediators causing contraction in parallel to α1‐adrenoceptors. However, little is known about the relevance and cooperative actions of non‐adrenergic mediators in the prostate.METHODSProstate tissues were obtained from radical prostatectomy (n = 127 patients). Contractile responses were studied in an organ bath.RESULTSEndothelin‐1 and noradrenaline induced contractions of similar magnitude (116 ± 23 and 117 ± 18% of KCl‐induced contractions). Endothelin‐2‐ and ‐3‐induced maximum contractions of 63 ± 8.6 and 71 ± 19% of KCl, while contractions by the thromboxane analog U46619 amounted up to 63 ± 9.4%. Dopamine‐induced contractions averaged to 22 ± 4.5% of KCl, while maximum contractions by serotonin, histamine, and carbachol stayed below 10% of KCl‐induced. While noradrenaline‐induced contractions were inhibited by tamsulosin (300 nM), endothelin‐1‐, ‐2‐, or ‐3‐induced contraction were not. No additive effects were observed if endothelins and noradrenaline were applied consecutively to the same samples. If endothelin‐1 was applied after U46619, resulting tension (172 ± 43% of KCl) significantly exceeded noradrenaline‐induced contraction. Tensions following combined application of endothelin‐2 or ‐3 with U46619 stayed below noradrenaline‐induced contractions. Tension following combined application of all three endothelins with U46619 resembled maximum noradrenaline‐induced tone.CONCLUSIONSContractions following concomitant confrontation of human prostate tissue with noradrenaline and endothelin‐1 are not additive. Endothelin‐1 is sufficient to induce a smooth muscle tone resembling that of noradrenaline. This may replace lacking α1‐adrenergic tone under therapy with α1‐blockers, explaining the limited efficacy of α1‐blockers in LUTS treatment. Contractions by thromboxane and endothelin‐1 may be additive, and may exceed α1‐adrenergic tone. Prostate 77:697–707, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coordination tracking of multi‐agent dynamical systems with general linear node dynamics
Authors: Wen Guanghui , Zhang Hai‐Tao , Yu Wenwu , Zuo Zhiqiang , Zhao Yu 
Published: January 2017

SummaryDistributed coordinated tracking problems are investigated in this paper for a class of multi‐agent dynamical systems with general linear node dynamics under a directed fixing interaction topology. First, a kind of class of distributed information communication protocols based on only the relative output measurements of neighboring agents is proposed and employed to realize containment tracking in multi‐leader multi‐agent linear systems. With the assumptions that the intrinsic linear dynamics of each agent are stabilizable and detectable, and each follower can be directly or indirectly affected by at least one leader, it is proven that containment tracking in the closed‐loop multi‐leader multi‐agent systems will be guaranteed if the coupling strength between neighboring agents and the gain matrices of the information communication protocols are suitably chosen. The decay rate for containment tracking errors of the considered multi‐leader multi‐agent system is also discussed. Then, consensus tracking and formation control problems of single‐leader multi‐agent systems with general linear node dynamics are respectively addressed. At last, node‐to‐node consensus tracking for multi‐agent systems with multiple coupling leaders is discussed. Simulation examples and experiment results are performed to validate the obtained results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding the Evolution of Sustainable Consumption Research
Authors: Liu Yue , Qu Ying , Lei Zhen , Jia Han 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn recent years, the problem triad of population, environment and development has been joined by the added element of consumption, with a consequent boom in studies on sustainable consumption. This study provides a holistic and quantitative overview of these studies, aiming to track the evolution of research on sustainable consumption, and identify the key authors and co‐authorship network. Using the bibliometric method and network analysis, this study traces the development of the research themes at hand, and the research network concerned with them, through the analysis of core literature and journals dated 1995–2014. The findings highlight that the research on sustainable consumption can be divided into two periods. These findings clearly illustrate that sustainable consumption has evolved from being a single practice‐oriented research topic into diverse topics studied in a systematized manner, involving the key factors of sustainability, consumption behavior, energy utilization and environmental impact. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Surface and grain boundary segregation in 16MND5 steel
Authors: Morvan Tanguy , Ganster Patrick , Barnier Vincent , Wolski Krzysztof 
Published: January 2017

An adequate model of quantification when there are many segregating elements is required for industry and research. Hence, for the first time, surface segregation kinetics on industrial 16MND5 steel was studied by XPS spectroscopy at temperatures ranging from 500 to 600 oC. From measurements that highlight the competitive segregation of P, S, Sn, Sb, As, and Cu impurities at the surface, a quantification model was developed and successfully used to deduce the surface concentrations during segregation kinetics as well as derive the corresponding diffusion coefficients. We observed that phosphorus and sulfur are the first elements covering the surface, then they are supplanted by others' impurities. This result may reflect impurities segregation behavior at the grain boundaries that impacts mechanical behavior of the material. Indeed, to further the research, 16MND5 samples were aged in the same range of temperatures. Then, Auger spectroscopy measurements at grain boundaries were conducted on broken samples exhibiting intergranular cracking. Results show that phosphorus is the only segregating element present at grain boundaries after 2 months of aging. Importantly, it appears that phosphorus grain boundary segregation kinetics is significantly lower than at surface. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of interface electrostatic interaction based on acid–base theory on friction behavior
Authors: Qiang Li , Cao Zhongyue , Shi Jing , Zhou Yan , Liang Aimin , Zhang Junyan 
Published: January 2017

Fluorine‐containing amorphous carbon films [fluoring‐containing diamond‐like carbon (F‐DLC)] were fabricated on Si wafer by direct current plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (dc‐PECVD) technique using CF4 and Ar as gas sources, confirmed by XPS and Raman analyses. The friction tests were carried out on a rotating ball‐on‐disk apparatus in high vacuum atmosphere (≤5.0 × 10−4 Pa) at the load of 0.5 N selecting glass (mainly containing silicon–oxygen tetrahedron structure) and Al2O3 with the same hardness and surface roughness as the counterpart balls. The results indicate that glass/F‐DLC results in lower friction coefficient of 0.14 than that of the Al2O3/F‐DLC (0.20). At the same time, no wear was occurred, and the transfer layer was not formed on the counterpart ball for glass/F‐DLC, while the wear of Al2O3/F‐DLC is slightly larger than that of glass/F‐DLC. However, just like the glass ball, there is no formation of transfer layer on the Al2O3 ball surface. Furthermore, the chemical state of fluorine in the film after friction, which mainly existed in the form of the C–CF and C–F bonds, did not change compared with the F‐DLC film, while the fluorine content has changed significantly. As a result, it is assumed that interface electrostatic interaction based on acid–base theory plays an extremely important role in the process of friction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two‐sample binary phase 2 trials with low type I error and low sample size
Authors: Litwin Samuel , Basickes Stanley , Ross Eric A. 
Published: January 2017

We address design of two‐stage clinical trials comparing experimental and control patients. Our end point is success or failure, however measured, with null hypothesis that the chance of success in both arms is p0 and alternative that it is p0 among controls and p1 > p0 among experimental patients. Standard rules will have the null hypothesis rejected when the number of successes in the (E)xperimental arm, E, sufficiently exceeds C, that among (C)ontrols. Here, we combine one‐sample rejection decision rules,
, with two‐sample rules of the form E − C > r to achieve two‐sample tests with low sample number and low type I error. We find designs with sample numbers not far from the minimum possible using standard two‐sample rules, but with type I error of 5% rather than 15% or 20% associated with them, and of equal power. This level of type I error is achieved locally, near the stated null, and increases to 15% or 20% when the null is significantly higher than specified. We increase the attractiveness of these designs to patients by using 2:1 randomization. Examples of the application of this new design covering both high and low success rates under the null hypothesis are provided. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aerobic Water–based Oxidation of 2,3,6‐Trimethylphenol to Trimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone over Copper(II) Nitrate Catalyst
Authors: Hu M. S. Liangning , Yu Jianqiang , Xin Hongchuan , An Zengjian , Sun Wenshou 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA catalytic method for aerobic water‐based oxidation of 2,3,6‐trimethylphenol to trimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone catalysed by copper(II) nitrate was achieved under mild conditions using dioxygen as an oxidant and water as a solvent. The catalyst shows high activity and selectivity in the direct oxidation of 2,3,6‐trimethylphenol into trimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone. Since components used in the present system are cheap and available, our method offers a safe system in the synthesis of trimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone under halogen ions‐free conditions.
Copper‐Catalyzed Recyclable Synthesis of (Z)‐3‐Alkylideneisoindolinones by Cycloisomerization of 2‐Alkynylbenzamides in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Mancuso Raffaella , Pomelli Christian S. , Raut Dnyaneshwar S. , Marino Nadia , Giofrè Salvatore V. , Romeo Roberto , Sartini Stefania , Chiappe Cinzia , Gabriele Bartolo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe cycloisomerization of readily available 2‐alkynylbenzamides has been conveniently carried out with CuCl2 as catalyst under basic conditions in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate (EmimEtSO4) as an unconventional solvent. The process leads to (Z)‐3‐alkylideneisoindolin‐1‐ones in a chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselective manner. The catalyst/solvent/base system could be recycled several times without appreciable loss of activity. The structures of representative products, that are, (Z)‐3‐benzylidene‐2‐phenylisoindolin‐1‐one and (Z)‐3‐pentylidene‐2‐phenylisoindolin‐1‐one, have been confirmed by X‐ray diffraction analysis, and DFT (density functional theory) calculations have been carried out to clarify the roles exerted by the base and CuCl2 in favoring the reaction course leading to (Z)‐3‐alkylideneisoindolinones.
Copper(II)‐Bioinspired Models for Copper Amine Oxidases: Oxidative Half‐Reaction in Water
Authors: Muthuramalingam Sethuraman , Subramaniyan Shanmugam , Khamrang Themmila , Velusamy Marappan , Mayilmurugan Ramasamy 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe quinone cofactor is generated at the oxidative half‐reaction of copper amine oxidases (CAO) activity, which is key biogenesis step in biology. The copper(II) complexes [Cu(L1)SO3CF3]SO3CF3, 1; [Cu(L1)ClO4]ClO4, 2 [L1=1,4‐bis[(pyridin‐2‐yl‐methyl)]‐1,4‐diazepane]; [Cu(L2)SO3CF3]SO3CF3, 3 and [Cu(L2)ClO4]ClO4, 4 [L2=1, 4‐bis[2‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)ethyl]‐1,4‐diazepane] were synthesized as models for copper amine oxidases. The molecular structure of complexes was determined by single crystal X‐ray studies and shows distorted square pyramidal geometry (τ, 0.064 ‐ 0.285). The average Cu‐N(2.0 Å) bond distances of model complexes are similar to the Cu‐NHis bond distances in native CAOs enzyme (Cu‐NHis‐456, 2.0‐2.1 Å, Cu‐NHis‐458, 1.9‐2.2 Å and Cu‐NHis‐624,1.9 −2.1 Å).Only one Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox couple (‐0.296 to −0.343 V) was noted in acetonitrile for 1–4 but a well‐defined redox couple around −0.349 to −0.404 V with an additional anodic peak around −0.056 to −0.128 V appeared in the water. The electronic spectra of 1–4 at pH ∼ 6.0 in water, shows ligand‐based absorption band around 260 −264 nm with a shoulder around 290 nm and the d‐d transition appeared around 593–640 nm. Also, an unusual low‐energy transition is centered at 965 nm due to axial field splitting of the eg orbital sets. Interestingly, on raising of the pH solution to ∼7 ‐ 10 instigates a transition of square pyramidal coordination geometry into trigonal bipyramidal for 1–4. This geometrical interconversion is further supported by appearance of two Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox couples around −0.313 to −0.390 V and −0.056 to −0.309 V at pH ranges of ∼7 ‐ 10. All the complexes exhibits almost similar solution EPR parameter (g||, 2.21 ‐ 2.45; A||, 174 ‐ 193 × 10−4 cm−1) to CAO (g||, 2.32; A||, 153×10−4cm−1)5 at 70 K. The model complexes convert substrate 2‐aminophenol into o‐quinone simultaneously using molecular oxygen via oxidative deamination pathway and this formation accomplished by new absorption band at 430 nm with rate of 0.53 ‐ 11.2 ×10−3 s−1 in water. The asymmetric Cu‐Npy bonds and higher distortion in the square pyramidal geometry of 1 and 2 presumed to facilitate geometrical change via decoordination of one the pyridine arms and leads faster dioxygenation reaction than 3 and 4. This decoordinated pyridine arm act as like an acid‐base catalyst to accept and donate protons as in CAO catalysis by amino acid residues at secondary coordination sphere.
Transient Catalytic Activity of a Triazole‐based Gelator Regulated by Molecular Gel Assembly/Disassembly
Authors: Araújo Marco , Escuder Beatriu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAn amphiphilic molecular gelator functionalized with a triazole fragment that exhibits a transient self‐assembly behavior in the presence of copper is presented. This dynamic dissipative system composed by a triazole‐based molecular gel coordinating copper(I) is able to catalyze the model ‘click’ reaction, achieving 71 % conversion in the first three hours. This high catalytic activity is derived from the assembly/disassembly cycles of the gelator, promoted by the model “click” reaction between benzylazide and phenylacetylene. The consumption of these reactants was found to regulate the dynamic behavior of the gelator, influencing the properties and catalytic performance of the copper(I) coordination gel. The creation of a hydrophobic environment promotes the disassembly and migration of the metallogel to solution, resulting in an increased catalytic efficiency. The newly synthesized metallogel catalyst could be re‐used for three consecutive runs without any loss of its catalytic performance and without the need of being isolated between each catalytic cycle.