bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candida‐reactive T cells for the diagnosis of invasive Candida infection of the lumbar vertebral spine
Authors: Koehler Felix C. , Cornely Oliver A. , Wisplinghoff Hilmar , Chang De‐Hua , Richter Anne , Koehler Philipp 
Published: September 2017

SummaryInvasive Candida infection is the fourth most common bloodstream infection. Blood cultures are the current gold standard diagnostic method, however, false negatives remain a clinical challenge. We developed a new technique measuring Candida‐reactive T cells as diagnostic read‐out for invasive Candida infection. In a pilot study, we followed the treatment course of a patient with an invasive Candida infection of the lumbar vertebral spine. We present the case of a 56‐year‐old patient with HIV‐associated Burkitt lymphoma who developed septic shock during chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia. For the first time, we provide flow cytometry‐based diagnostics with Candida‐reactive T cells for invasive candidiasis with comprehensive MRI imaging. The Candida‐reactive T cell assay has potential to complement current diagnostic assays for invasive Candida infection and thus to support targeted treatment.
Candida bloodstream infections in Serbia: First multicentre report of a national prospective observational survey in intensive care units
Authors: Arsić Arsenijević Valentina , Otašević Suzana , Janić Dragana , Minić Predrag , Matijašević Jovan , Medić Deana , Savić Ivanka , Delić Snežana , Nestorović Laban Suzana , Vasiljević Zorica , Hadnadjev Mirjana 
Published: September 2017

SummaryCandida bloodstream infections (BSI) are a significant cause of mortality in intensive care units (ICU), hereof the prospective 12‐months (2014‐2015) hospital‐ and laboratory‐based survey was performed at the Serbian National Reference Medical Mycology Laboratory (NRMML). Candida identification was done by a matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and a susceptibility test, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methodology. Among nine centres (265 beds; 10 820 patient admissions), four neonatal/paediatric (NICU/PICUs) and five adult centres (ICUs) participated, representing 89 beds and 3446 patient admissions, 166 beds and 7347 patient admissions respectively. The NRMML received 43 isolates, 17 from NICU/PICUs and 26 from adult ICUs. C. albicans dominated highly in NICU/PICUs (~71%), whereas C. albicans and C. parapsilosis were equally distributed within adults (46%, each), both accounting for ~90% of received isolates. The resistance to itraconazole and flucytosine were 25% and 2.4% respectively. In addition, the 2 C. albicans were azole cross‐resistant (4.6%). The overall incidence of CandidaBSI was ~3.97 cases/1000 patient admissions (4.93 in NICU/PICU and 3.53 in adult ICU). The 30‐day mortality was ~37%, most associated with C. tropicalis and C. glabrataBSI. Data from this national survey may contribute to improving the Balkan and Mediterranean region epidemiology of CandidaBSI within ICUs.
Relating gastric scintigraphy and symptoms to motility capsule transit and pressure findings in suspected gastroparesis
Authors: Hasler W. L. , May K. P. , Wilson L. A. , Van Natta M. , Parkman H. P. , Pasricha P. J. , Koch K. L. , Abell T. L. , McCallum R. W. , Nguyen L. A. , Snape W. J. , Sarosiek I. , Clarke J. O. , Farrugia G. , Calles‐Escandon J. , Grover M. , Tonascia J. , Lee L. A. , Miriel L. , Hamilton F. A. ,   the NIDDK Gastroparesis Clinical Research Consortium (GpCRC)
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundWireless motility capsule (WMC) findings are incompletely defined in suspected gastroparesis. We aimed to characterize regional WMC transit and contractility in relation to scintigraphy, etiology, and symptoms in patients undergoing gastric emptying testing.MethodsA total of 209 patients with gastroparesis symptoms at NIDDK Gastroparesis Consortium centers underwent gastric scintigraphy and WMCs on separate days to measure regional transit and contractility. Validated questionnaires quantified symptoms.Key ResultsSolid scintigraphy and liquid scintigraphy were delayed in 68.8% and 34.8% of patients; WMC gastric emptying times (GET) were delayed in 40.3% and showed 52.8% agreement with scintigraphy; 15.5% and 33.5% had delayed small bowel (SBTT) and colon transit (CTT) times. Transit was delayed in ≥2 regions in 23.3%. Rapid transit was rarely observed. Diabetics had slower GET but more rapid SBTT versus idiopathics (P ≤ .02). GET delays related to greater scintigraphic retention, slower SBTT, and fewer gastric contractions (P ≤ .04). Overall gastroparesis symptoms and nausea/vomiting, early satiety/fullness, bloating/distention, and upper abdominal pain subscores showed no relation to WMC transit. Upper and lower abdominal pain scores (P ≤ .03) were greater with increased colon contractions. Constipation correlated with slower CTT and higher colon contractions (P = .03). Diarrhea scores were higher with delayed SBTT and CTT (P ≤ .04).Conclusions & InferencesWireless motility capsules define gastric emptying delays similar but not identical to scintigraphy that are more severe in diabetics and relate to reduced gastric contractility. Extragastric transit delays occur in >40% with suspected gastroparesis. Gastroparesis symptoms show little association with WMC profiles, although lower symptoms relate to small bowel or colon abnormalities.
Scenario Analysis for the Safety Assessment of Nuclear Waste Repositories: A Critical Review
Authors: Tosoni Edoardo , Salo Ahti , Zio Enrico 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA major challenge in scenario analysis for the safety assessment of nuclear waste repositories pertains to the comprehensiveness of the set of scenarios selected for assessing the safety of the repository. Motivated by this challenge, we discuss the aspects of scenario analysis relevant to comprehensiveness. Specifically, we note that (1) it is necessary to make it clear why scenarios usually focus on a restricted set of features, events, and processes; (2) there is not yet consensus on the interpretation of comprehensiveness for guiding the generation of scenarios; and (3) there is a need for sound approaches to the treatment of epistemic uncertainties.
Multicriteria Decision Framework for Cybersecurity Risk Assessment and Management
Authors: Ganin Alexander A. , Quach Phuoc , Panwar Mahesh , Collier Zachary A. , Keisler Jeffrey M. , Marchese Dayton , Linkov Igor 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRisk assessors and managers face many difficult challenges related to novel cyber systems. Among these challenges are the constantly changing nature of cyber systems caused by technical advances, their distribution across the physical, information, and sociocognitive domains, and the complex network structures often including thousands of nodes. Here, we review probabilistic and risk‐based decision‐making techniques applied to cyber systems and conclude that existing approaches typically do not address all components of the risk assessment triplet (threat, vulnerability, consequence) and lack the ability to integrate across multiple domains of cyber systems to provide guidance for enhancing cybersecurity. We present a decision‐analysis‐based approach that quantifies threat, vulnerability, and consequences through a set of criteria designed to assess the overall utility of cybersecurity management alternatives. The proposed framework bridges the gap between risk assessment and risk management, allowing an analyst to ensure a structured and transparent process of selecting risk management alternatives. The use of this technique is illustrated for a hypothetical, but realistic, case study exemplifying the process of evaluating and ranking five cybersecurity enhancement strategies. The approach presented does not necessarily eliminate biases and subjectivity necessary for selecting countermeasures, but provides justifiable methods for selecting risk management actions consistent with stakeholder and decisionmaker values and technical data.
Retrospective evaluation of the prevalence, risk factors, management, outcome, and necropsy findings of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome in dogs and cats: 29 cases (2011–2013)
Authors: Balakrishnan Anusha , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Silverstein Deborah C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and risk factors for veterinary acute lung injury (VetALI) and veterinary acute respiratory distress syndrome (VetARDS), assess mechanical ventilation settings and patient outcomes, and to evaluate the relationship of clinical diagnoses with necropsy findings.DesignRetrospective study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsTwenty‐four dogs and 5 cats with a clinical diagnosis of VetALI or VetARDS. Control population includes 24 dogs and 5 cats with a clinical diagnosis of respiratory disease other than VetALI or VetARDS.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsVetALI and VetARDS were diagnosed in 3.2% of dogs and 1.3% of cats presenting to the ICU. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome was the most common inciting condition (16/24 dogs, 2/5 cats), followed by vomiting and subsequent aspiration of gastric contents (9/24 dogs), sepsis (5/24 dogs, 3/5 cats), multiple transfusions (4/24 dogs), trauma (3/24 dogs), and adverse drug reactions (1/24 dogs, 1/5 cats). None of these conditions were found to be significantly associated with a risk of development of VetALI or VetARDS when compared to controls. Twelve dogs (50%) and 4 cats (80%) underwent mechanical ventilation for a median duration of 18 hours in dogs (range: 6–174 h) and 15.5 hours in cats (range: 6–91 h). Overall, 3/29 patients survived to discharge including 2/24 dogs and 1/5 cats. Necropsy results were available for 8/22 dogs and 3/4 cats. A total of 6/8 dogs (75%) dogs and 3/3 (100%) cats met the histopathologic criteria for diagnosis of VetALI or VetARDS.ConclusionsVetALI and VetARDS can cause life‐threatening respiratory distress in dogs and cats necessitating mechanical ventilation in 50% of dogs and 80% of cats in this study. These diseases are associated with a poor clinical outcome and a high rate of humane euthanasia.
The emotional psychology of blood donors: a time‐course approach
Authors: Williams L. A. , Masser B. , van Dongen A. , Thijsen A. , Davison T. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundDonor retention is a key concern for blood collection agencies around the world. Despite a substantial body of research on facilitators of and barriers to donor return, few successful interventions to promote donor return have resulted.A new approachWe suggest that insufficient attention has been paid to donor emotional experience. To address this, we outline the Time‐course of Emotion in Donation (TED) approach. First, we detail how identifying and understanding donor emotional experience across different time‐points (i.e. in anticipation of donating, while donating, and in recollection of donating) may be key to developing effective strategies to boost donor retention. Second, we report initial results of a research project that assessed emotional experiences of first‐time and novice whole blood donors. Donors reported their experience of several positive and negative emotions at four time‐points: in the waiting area of the donation centre, in the phlebotomy chair before and after needle insertion, and in the refreshment area after donation. Results of preliminary analysis indicate that the experience of positive emotions was far more prevalent than of negative emotions. Third, we provide practical recommendations for researchers interested in adopting a TED approach.Our visionWe describe a vision of how insight provided by a TED approach to donor psychology research might be implemented practically by blood collection agencies and practitioners alike. This vision includes innovative interventions to promote donor return as well as carefully curated donor communication strategies.
Development of Turbine and Combustor for a Semi-Closed Recuperated Brayton Cycle of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Sasaki Takashi , Itoh Masao , Maeda Hideyuki , Tominaga Junichi , Saito Daizo , Niizeki Yoshiki 
Published: September 2017

Toshiba has been developing a turbine and a combustor for a semi-closed recuperated Brayton cycle of supercritical carbon dioxide called the Allam cycle, which is capable of both sequestrating 100% of carbon dioxide generated by combustion and providing electricity with competitive efficiency as the advanced combined cycle. The 25 MWe class demonstration plant with natural gas for this innovative cycle is being constructed in the USA by NET Power LLC and its operation is expected to be in 2017. Toshiba is going to provide the main components of its turbine and combustor.
This paper describes the specification of the turbine and the combustor and consideration necessary to realize them in the first of a kind design condition of 30MPa with a supercritical carbon dioxide as its working fluid. This paper also describes some of the validation tests to realize new technologies before this turbine and combustor are installed and operated in the demonstration plant.
Effect of Oxygen Concentration on Distributed Flame Regime
Authors: Scenna Richard , Gupta Ashwani K. 
Published: September 2017

This work investigated the effect of oxygen concentrations in the reactor on the partial oxidation of JP8 under the distributed reaction condition. Reforming efficiency as high as 74% was achieved; syngas composition consisted of 20.7 to 22.3% hydrogen and 20.2 to 21.5% carbon monoxide.
Reformate product distribution and quality was found to depend on the reactor oxygen concentrations and, to a lesser extent on flame regime. Previous works operating at similar conditions found that higher reformate quality was associated with the more distributed reactor conditions. An increase in reactor oxygen concentrations fostered a more rapid chemical reaction, which shortened chemical time and length scales. While this resulted in a less distributed reactor, the potential decrease in reformate quality was offset by the increased availability of oxygen. As the reactions were limited by the availability of oxygen, the addition of oxygen enhanced the extent of reforming reactions, to promote increased conversion and reforming efficiency.
Neuromuscular Responses to Conditioned Soccer Sessions Assessed via GPS-Embedded Accelerometers: Insights Into Tactical Periodization
Authors: Buchheit Martin , Lacome Mathieu , Cholley Yannick , Simpson Ben Michael 
Published: September 2017

Purpose: To examine the reliability of field-based running-specific measures of neuromuscular function assessed using global positioning system (GPS)–embedded accelerometers and their responses to 3 typical conditioned sessions (ie, strength, endurance, and speed) in elite soccer players. Methods: Before and immediately after each session, vertical jump (countermovement jump [CMJ]) and adductor squeeze strength (groin) performances were recorded. Players also performed a 4-min run at 12 km/h followed by four ∼60-m runs (run = 12 s, r = 33 s). GPS (5 Hz) and accelerometer (100 Hz) data collected during the 4 runs and the recovery periods, excluding the last recovery period, were used to derive vertical stiffness (K), peak loading force (peak force over all the foot strikes [Fpeak]), and propulsion efficiency (ie, the ratio between velocity and force loads [Vl/Fl]). Results: Typical errors were small (CMJ, groin, K, and Vl/Fl) and moderate (Fpeak), with moderate (Fpeak), high (K and Vl/Fl), and very high ICCs (CMJ and groin). After all sessions, there were small decreases in groin and increases in K, but changes in F were all unclear. By contrast, the CMJ and Vl/Fl ratio responses were session dependent. There was a small increase in CMJ after speed and endurance, but unclear changes after strength; the Vl/Fl ratio increased substantially after strength, but there were a small and a moderate decrease after endurance and speed, respectively. Conclusions: Running-specific measures of neuromuscular function assessed in the field via GPS-embedded accelerometers show acceptable levels of reliability. Although the 3 sessions examined may be associated with limited neuromuscular fatigue, changes in neuromuscular performance and propulsion efficiency are likely session-objective dependent.
The Gendered Experiences of Women Staff and Volunteers in Sport for Development Organizations: The Case of Transmigrant Workers of Skateistan
Authors: Thorpe Holly , Chawansky Megan 
Published: September 2017

This study seeks to better understand broad management issues associated with the employment of female workers in one sport for development (SfD) project. Through interviews with the executive director and five female staff members of Skateistan—the skateboarding SfD project operating in Afghanistan, Cambodia, and South Africa—this study offers insights on female transmigrant workers who relocated to work for the project in Afghanistan, focusing particularly on how formal and informal management strategies are experienced by international female staff and volunteers. Extending the work of Black, Mendenhall, and Oddou with a poststructural feminist approach, we identify six key themes related to the experiences of female transmigrant workers moving into and during SfD assignments: (a) initial motivations, (b) organizational selection mechanisms, (c) management of risk, (d) work–life balance, (e) managing the self, and (f) negotiating postcolonial critiques of development work. In so doing, this paper recognizes women’s lived experiences as a valid and valuable form of knowledge that could be used to inform management approaches adopted by SfD organizations.
The Effect of Elevation on Intramuscular Tissue Temperatures
Authors: Gillette Cordial M. , Merrick Mark A. 
Published: September 2017

Context: Ice, compression, and elevation, or ICE, is a widely used treatment for acute musculoskeletal injuries. The effects of ice and compression on tissue temperatures have been established, but whether elevation during cryotherapy affects temperature change has not. Elevation has potential to alter local perfusion and thereby alter the balance of heat loss/heat gain, potentially impacting tissue cooling during cryotherapy. Objective: To measure the effect and interaction of ice, compression, and elevation on intramuscular temperatures. We hypothesized that elevation would not have an effect on intramuscular tissue temperature. Design: Randomized crossover study design. Setting: University athletic training facility. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 15 healthy volunteers (age 20.93 [1.67] y) provided informed consent and participated. Interventions: Participants completed 8 treatment conditions: no treatment (control), ice only (I), compression only (C), elevation only (E), ice and compression (IC), ice and elevation (IE), compression and elevation (CE), or ice, compression, and elevation (ICE). All conditions were tested on each participant with a minimum of 48 hours between each condition. Intramuscular temperatures were recorded every 30 seconds during a 1-minute preapplication, 30-minute treatment, and 20-minute postapplication period. Main Outcome Measures: The temperature difference between the mean treatment temperature and the mean preapplication temperature was compared across each measurement depth and treatment condition. Results: Non-ice treatments (control, C, E, and CE; means 33.4, 34.5, 33.7, and 34.6, respectively) had warmer intramuscular temperatures than any treatment that included ice (I, IC, IE, and ICE; means 28.4, 19.8, 28.0, and 19.3, respectively). There were no differences between IC and ICE (means 19.8 and 19.3, respectively). Ice alone was different from everything (Control, C, E, IC, CE, and ICE) except IE Conclusions: Elevation does not appear to play a role in temperature changes during cryotherapy treatments.
PACER Performance of Children Aged 11–14 With Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder
Authors: Martinson Timothy , Butterfield Stephen A. , Mason Craig A. , Tu Shihfen , Lehnhard Robert A. , Nightingale Christopher J. 
Published: September 2017

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to examine the performance on the progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run (PACER) test in children with and without attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) over the course of a school year, and also to investigate the possible influence of age, sex, school sport participation, and body mass index on results. Methods: Utilizing a repeated measures design, 892 middle school children aged 11–14 years (mean = 12.25, SD = 0.94) including 55 children with ADHD participated. While controlling for age, sex, sports participation, and body mass index, children were tested on the PACER 3 times during the school year. Procedures specified in the FITNESSGRAM test manual were explicitly followed. Hierarchical linear modeling was applied to analyze the data. Results: Children with ADHD performed 8.6 fewer laps at intercept (baseline), than did healthy children without ADHD (t878 = −6.20, P < .001). However, no significant differences emerged for time (slope). In addition, no significant interactions were found for ADHD with age, sex, sports participation, or body mass index. Conclusion: A diagnosis of ADHD, independent of selected predictor variables, explained lower PACER performance.
Autonomic components of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) are favourably affected by Electrical Twitch-Obtaining Intramuscular Stimulation (ETOIMS): effects on blood pressure and heart rate
Authors: Chu Jennifer , Bruyninckx Frans , Neuhauser Duncan V 
Published: September 2017

IntroductionFavourable pain relief results on evoking autonomous twitches at myofascial trigger points with Electrical Twitch Obtaining Intramuscular Stimulation (ETOIMS).AimTo document autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) from blood pressure (BP) and pulse/heart rate changes with ETOIMS.Methods and materialsA patient with persistent pain regularly received serial ETOIMS sessions of 60, 90, 120 or ≥150 min over 24 months. Outcome measures include BP: systolic, diastolic, pulse pressure and pulse/heart rate, pre-session/immediate-post-session summed differences (SDPPP index), and pain reduction. His results were compared with that of two other patients and one normal control. Each individual represented the following maximal elicitable twitch forces (TWF) graded 1–5: maximum TWF2: control subject; maximum TWF3: CRPS patient with suspected ANS dysfunction; and maximum TWF4 and TWF5: two patients with respective slow-fatigue and fast-fatigue twitches who during ETOIMS had autonomous twitching at local and remote myotomes simultaneously from denervation supersensitivity. ETOIMS results between TWFs were compared using one-way analysis of variance test.ResultsThe patients showed immediate significant pain reduction, BP and pulse/heart rate changes/reduction(s) except for diastolic BP in the TWF5 patient. TWF2 control subject had diastolic BP reduction with ETOIMS but not with rest. Linear regression showed TWF grade to be the most significant variable in pain reduction, more so than the number of treatments, session duration and treatment interval. TWF grade was the most important variable in significantly reducing outcome measures, especially pulse/heart rate. Unlike others, the TWF3 patient had distinctive reductions in SDPPP index.ConclusionsMeasuring BP and pulse/heart rate is clinically practical for alerting ANS dysfunction maintained CRPS. SDPPP index (≥26) and pulse/heart rate (≥8) reductions with almost every ETOIMS treatment, plus inability to evoke autonomous twitches due to pain-induced muscle hypertonicity, are pathognomonic of this problem.