bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The presence of abandonment: Left to live at the borderland of Lampedusa
Authors: Corso Alessandro , Mookherjee Nayanika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDrawing from the extensive literature on the anthropology of borders and border death in and beyond Europe, this article ethnographically explores the processes through which irregular migrants and locals at the borderland of Lampedusa (south of Sicily, Italy) are left to live and die in abandonment. In the process, we highlight the distinct and antagonistic yet shared sense of neglect that both migrants and locals experience in their everyday lives on the island and explore the relationship between abandonment, the everyday, and the law, showing how these are interwoven. By including both irregular migrants and locals in Lampedusa in our analysis, the article importantly establishes how abandonment occurs not in the absence but in the indeterminacy of the law and highlights a chronic failure of the law toward life (deemed as legal and illegal). It moves beyond traditional anthropological critiques on state presence and absence, showing how abandonment pervades everyday life within and beyond borders.
Predicting complications in paediatric ulcerative colitis: A longitudinal multicentre cohort study
Authors: Claßen Merle , Schiller Benjamin , Däbritz Jan ,   the CEDATA‐GPGE Study Group
Published: September 2024

SummaryBackgroundTo prevent complications of paediatric ulcerative colitis (UC), it is critical to understand their predictors. The Paediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Ahead (PIBD Ahead) program identified the relevant outcomes and their potential predictors. However, external validation of these results in larger cohorts is required.AimsThe aim of this study is to investigate these outcomes and their predictors.MethodsWe included 743 patients aged under 18 years with UC from the multicentre German‐Austrian CEDATA‐GPGE registry. We performed Cox regressions, Kaplan–Meier estimator, and receiver operating characteristics curve analyses to analyse predictors of poor outcomes.ResultsOlder age at diagnosis was associated with relapse, hospitalisation, the use of immunomodulators, use of biologics, and therapy escalation. Higher disease activity, as in acute severe colitis in the first 3 months, was significantly associated with further acute severe colitis and the need for biologics. Upper gastrointestinal tract involvement was a risk factor for the need of intravenous corticosteroids and biologics. A faecal calprotectin of >685 μg/g was associated with a higher risk of subsequent acute severe colitis with a sensitivity of 79.0% and a specificity of 59.1%. A lower haematocrit at diagnosis was predictive of the use of biologics. Colectomy was rare.ConclusionsThis study validates predictors of poor outcomes in paediatric patients with UC. Our results might help physicians to anticipate poor outcomes and initiate appropriate treatment strategies at an early stage.
Efficiency of computerized clinical decision support systems involving anticoagulants: A flashmob study in Dutch hospital pharmacies
Authors: Graafsma Jetske , van de Garde Ewoudt M. W. , Derijks Hieronymus J. , Hoge Rien H. L. , Klopotowska Joanna E. , Karapinar‐Carkit Fatma , van den Bemt Patricia M. L. A. ,   for the Dutch CDSS‐efficiency study group
Published: September 2024

AimsComputerized decision support systems (CDSSs) aim to prevent adverse drug events. However, these systems generate an overload of alerts that are not always clinically relevant. Anticoagulants are frequently involved in these alerts. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of CDSS alerts on anticoagulants in Dutch hospital pharmacies.MethodsA multicentre, single‐day, cross‐sectional study was conducted using a flashmob design in Dutch hospital pharmacies, which have CDSSs that operate on both a national medication surveillance database and on self‐developed clinical rules. Hospital pharmacists and pharmacy technicians collected data on the number and type of alerts and time needed for assessing these alerts. The primary outcome was the CDSS efficiency on anticoagulants, defined as the percentage of alerts on anticoagulants that led to an intervention. Secondary outcomes where among other CDSSs efficiency related to any medications and the time expenditure. Descriptive data‐analysis was used.ResultsOf the 69 hospital pharmacies invited, 42 (61%) participated. The efficiency of CDSS alerts on anticoagulants was 4.0% (interquartile range [IQR] 14.0%) for the national medication surveillance database alerts and 14.3% (IQR 40.0%) for alerts from clinical rules. For any medication, the efficiency was lower: 1.8% (IQR 7.5%) and 13.4% (IQR 21.5%) respectively. The median time for assessing the relevance of all alerts was 2 (IQR 1:21) h/day for pharmacists and 6 (IQR 5:01) h/day for pharmacy technicians.ConclusionCDSS efficiency is generally low, both for anticoagulants and any medication, while the time investment is high. Optimization of CDSSs is needed.
The potential benefits of concomitant statins treatment in patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Liu Kang , Nicoletti Rossella , Zhao Hongda , Chen Xuan , Chiu Peter Ka‐Fung , Ng Chi‐Fai , Pichler Renate , Mertens Laura S. , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Afferi Luca , Mari Andrea , Katayama Satoshi , Rivas Juan Gomez , Campi Riccardo , Mir Maria Carmen , Rink Michael , Lotan Yair , Rouprêt Morgan , Shariat Shahrokh F. , Teoh Jeremy Yuen‐Chun 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of statins on the survival outcomes of patients with non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) treated with adjuvant intravesical bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy.Patients and MethodsA retrospective cohort of consecutive patients with NMIBC who received intravesical BCG therapy from 2001 to 2020 and statins prescription were identified. Overall survival (OS), cancer‐specific survival (CSS), recurrence‐free survival (RFS), and progression‐free survival (PFS) were analysed between the Statins Group vs No‐Statins Group using Kaplan–Meier method and multivariable Cox regression.ResultsA total of 2602 patients with NMIBC who received intravesical BCG were identified. The median follow‐up was 11.0 years. On Kaplan–Meier analysis, the Statins Group had significant better OS (P < 0.001), CSS (P < 0.001), and PFS (P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis indicated statins treatment started before BCG treatment had better CSS (P = 0.02) and PFS (P < 0.01). Upon multivariable Cox regression analysis, the ‘statins before BCG’ group was an independent protective factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.607, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.514–0.716), and CSS (HR 0.571, 95% CI 0.376–0.868), but not RFS (HR 0.885, 95% CI 0.736–1.065), and PFS (HR 0.689, 95% CI 0.469–1.013).ConclusionsStatins treatment appears to offer protective effects on OS and CSS for patients with NMIBC receiving adjuvant intravesical BCG.
Seed dispersal of Madagascar's iconic baobab species, Adansonia grandidieri
Authors: Andriantsaralaza Seheno , Razafindratsima O. H. , Razanamaro O. H. , Ramananjato V. , Randimbiarison F. , Raoelinjanakolona N. N. , Rabarijaonina T. H. P. , Raharinomena N. , Hobimalala N. , Nantenaina R. H. , Tonos J. M. , Andriamiadana S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCertain plant species have traits adapted for seed dispersal by megafauna, which may be absent in their current ranges. Characterizing the dispersal mechanism of such plant species can provide insights about their population dynamics and regeneration. We investigated the effectiveness of the extant fauna as seed dispersers of the Malagasy baobab, Adansonia grandidieri, which have megafaunal dispersal traits. We documented the animal species that interact with its fruits and seeds in the canopy and on the ground through direct observations, camera trapping, opportunistic search of feces with seeds, and dispersal experiments. We also estimated seed fate using a model parameterized with data obtained through experiments on seed removal and seed germination under and away from adult A. grandidieri trees. Further, we examined the impacts of seed dispersal in mitigating herbivore pressures on A. grandidieri seedling through an exclosure experiment. We did not find animals interacting with fruits in the canopy. However, we observed a native rodent species, Eliurus myoxinus, handling fruits/seeds on the ground, and found seeds in bush pig feces. Also, while the rates of germination for the dispersed A. grandidieri seeds were low, their probability of producing viable seedlings was higher than when the seeds stayed under adult trees. We also found that the seedlings of A. grandidieri had a high probability of surviving even when herbivores were present. Overall, our results provide insights into the regeneration of A. grandidieri and suggest that some extant local ground‐dwelling fauna can provide seed dispersal services to this species.Abstract in Malagasy is available with online material.
Feasibility and effectiveness of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) in awake mice
Authors: Yu Yu‐Mei , Yao Rui , Liu Zhou‐Liang , Lu Yao , Zhu Yang‐Zi , Cao Jun‐Li 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsTranscutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is widely used to treat a variety of disorders because it is noninvasive, safe, and well tolerated by awake patients. However, long‐term and repetitive taVNS is difficult to achieve in awake mice. Therefore, developing a new taVNS method that fully mimics the method used in clinical settings and is well‐tolerated by awake mice is greatly important for generalizing research findings related to the effects of taVNS. The study aimed to develop a new taVNS device for use in awake mice and to test its reliability and effectiveness.MethodsWe demonstrated the reliability of this taVNS device through retrograde neurotropic pseudorabies virus (PRV) tracing and evaluated its effectiveness through morphological analysis. After 3 weeks of taVNS application, the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) were used to evaluate anxiety‐like behaviors, and the Y‐maze test and novel object recognition test (NORT) were used to evaluate recognition memory behaviors, respectively.ResultsWe found that repetitive taVNS was well tolerated by awake mice, had no effect on anxiety‐like behaviors, and significantly improved memory.ConclusionOur findings suggest that this new taVNS device for repetitive stimulation of awake mice is safe, tolerable, and effective.
Ancillary immunohistochemistry testing for loss of p16 in melanoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies
Authors: Chinchanikar Shruti S. , Fraga Garth R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAncillary immunohistochemistry testing for p16 loss has been proposed as a diagnostic tool for melanoma, but its accuracy remains uncertain.MethodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted on 26 studies involving 979 melanomas and 974 nevi.ResultsThrough bivariate analysis of data across all cut‐off values, the sensitivity and specificity were calculated to be 0.55 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.38, 0.70) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.94), respectively. Summary estimates of diagnostic accuracy fell below recommended thresholds for effective tests, but subgroup analysis suggested that p16 loss could aid in diagnosing ambiguous lesions as melanoma in certain scenarios. However, the presence of p16 expression in these contexts does not definitively rule out melanoma. The findings were limited by underpowered exploratory study designs at risk for bias in patient selection and test interpretation.ConclusionsWhile the use of p16 immunohistochemistry for detecting melanoma is not universally reliable, it may serve as a confirmatory test in differential diagnoses involving common, congenital, acral, Spitz, and deep penetrating nevi. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to validate its utility. Until then, the application of p16 immunohistochemistry in melanoma diagnosis should be regarded as experimental.
Psychometric evaluation of the Dutch version of the patient‐reported experience measure for addiction treatment (PREMAT‐NL)
Authors: Migchels Charlotte , van den Brink Wim , Zerrouk Amine , Matthys Frieda , De Ruysscher Clara , Vanderplasschen Wouter , Crunelle Cleo L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionPatient‐centred care has become increasingly important in health care. Patient‐reported experience measures (PREM) are used to measure patient experiences in health care, but the availability of psychometrically validated PREMs is limited. The Patient Reported Experience Measure in Addiction Treatment (PREMAT) is a PREM developed with extensive service user input to assess the experiences of people in residential addiction treatment services. In this study we aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Dutch translation of the PREMAT, the PREMAT‐NL.MethodsNinety‐three participants completed the PREMAT‐NL approximately 45 days after starting addiction treatment as part of a naturalistic prospective multi‐centre study in Belgium. We examined the factorial structure using principal component analysis with Promax oblique rotation and assessed the internal consistencies of the subscales and total score using Cronbach's α. Additionally, we explored the relationship of PREMAT‐NL scores with demographic and clinical variables.ResultsThe PREMAT‐NL had a four‐factor structure, with good internal consistencies of the subscales (Cronbach's α >0.70) and excellent internal consistency of the total score (Cronbach's α = 0.94). The PREMAT‐NL total score was negatively skewed, and four score categories were proposed based on z‐scores. PREMAT‐NL scores correlated weakly with the type of treatment centre (r = 0.21, p < 0.05) and with previously received treatment for addiction (r = −0.25, p < 0.05).Discussion and ConclusionsAlthough the factor structure and thus the appropriate use of subscales need further investigation, the findings of this study support the use of the PREMAT‐NL total score as a valid and reliable PREM to evaluate residential addiction treatment services.
Therapieanpassung von Biologika bei mittelschwerer bis schwerer Plaque‐Psoriasis: eine retrospektive Erhebung aus deutschen Krankenakten (TABU)
Authors: Kirsten Natalia , Rubant Simone , Gomis‐Kleindienst Susana , Pfeiffer‐Vornkahl Heike , Augustin Matthias 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielsetzungFlexible Dosierungsschemata für Biologika bei der Behandlung von Psoriasis sind üblich, es liegen jedoch nur wenig Daten aus der Routineversorgung in Deutschland vor. In dieser Studie wurden die Therapieanpassungen für in Deutschland häufig verordnete Biologika untersucht.Patienten und MethodikEs wurden Krankenakten von bis zu 100 aufeinanderfolgenden Patienten an 29 Zentren überprüft. Die Daten wurden für Erwachsene (im Alter von 18–65 Jahren) mit mittelschwerer bis schwerer Plaque‐Psoriasis extrahiert, die ≥ 36 Wochen lang mit Adalimumab, Guselkumab, Ixekizumab, Secukinumab oder Ustekinumab behandelt wurden. Der primäre Endpunkt war die Zeit bis zur ersten Therapieanpassung. Zu den sekundären Endpunkten gehörten unter anderem die Häufigkeit und die Gründe für Therapieanpassungen. Die Zeit bis zur Therapieanpassung wurde mittels Kaplan‐Meier‐Methoden ausgewertet.ErgebnisseVon 982 Patienten wurden 297 Therapieanpassungen bei 240 (24,4%) Patienten ermittelt. Die mittlere Zeit (Median; Interquartilsabstand) bis zur ersten Therapieanpassung (n = 223) betrug 8,4 (4,0; 2,0–12,0) Monate (Secukinumab: 14,1 [10,0; 4,0–21,0], Adalimumab: 11,0 [7,0; 3,0–14,5], Ustekinumab: 11,0 [6,0; 2,0–16,0], Ixekizumab: 5,8 [3,0; 2,0–8,5], Guselkumab: 5,1 [3,0; 2,0–7,0]). Die häufigste Art der Anpassung war die Einleitung einer oder mehrerer Begleitmedikationen (10,4% der Patienten); der häufigste Grund für eine Anpassung war eine unzureichende Wirkung auf die Haut.SchlussfolgerungenTherapieanpassungen von Biologika sind bei mittelschwerer bis schwerer Psoriasis häufig; flexible Dosierungsschemata würden eine optimale Behandlung unterstützen.
Nutzung und Akzeptanz von Digital Health in der Allgemeinbevölkerung und in der Dermatologie in Deutschland – eine repräsentative Umfrage
Authors: Reinders Patrick , Augustin Matthias , Otten Marina 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungHintergrund und ZielsetzungDie Nutzung und Akzeptanz digitaler Gesundheitsdienste (digital health services, DHS) in der deutschen Bevölkerung und bei Personen mit Hauterkrankungen sind unklar. Beide Aspekte wurden in dieser Studie analysiert.MethodikEine repräsentative Stichprobe der deutschen Erwachsenenbevölkerung wurde mit Items zu digitalen Kompetenzen, Einstellungen, zur Nutzung und Akzeptanz von DHS standardisiert befragt. Es wurden bivariate und multivariate Analysen durchgeführt.ErgebnisseVon den 2101 Teilnehmern gaben 29,9% an, in den letzten 12 Monaten Hautkrankheiten gehabt zu haben. In dieser Gruppe lag die Nutzung und die Akzeptanz von DHS bei 43,6% beziehungsweise 52,3%. Beide Werte sind im Vergleich zu Teilnehmern ohne Hautkrankheiten signifikant höher (29,2%; p < 0,01 und 45,5%; p < 0,01). 18,9% der Teilnehmer mit Hauterkrankung nutzten die digitale Diagnoseunterstützung, aber nur 9,7% wendeten sie für eine Hauterkrankung an (p < 0,01). Bei allen Teilnehmern, mit und ohne Hautkrankheit, waren die am häufigsten genutzten DHS die passive Gesundheitsüberwachung (14,3%) und die Diagnoseunterstützung (11,5%), während die Telemedizin am seltensten genutzt wurde (4,7% Videokonsultation, 2,5% Store‐and‐Forward). Nutzung und Akzeptanz waren assoziiert mit jungem Alter, höherer Bildung, geringeren Datenschutzbedenken, höherer Sicherheit im Umgang mit DHS, einer Hauterkrankung und hohem Schweregrad dieser.SchlussfolgerungenDHS für Hautkrankheiten werden selten eingesetzt, haben aber ein hohes Potenzial.
Programa domiciliar individualizado via telessaúde para crianças com paralisia cerebral durante a pandemia de COVID‐19
Authors: Oliveira Rachel H. S. , Mancini Marisa C. , Figueiredo Priscilla R. P. , Abrahão Leonardo C. , Reis Edna A. , Gordon Andrew M. , Brandão Marina B. 
Published: September 2024

ResumoObjetivoAnalisar os efeitos de um programa domiciliar individualizado via telessaúde no desempenho de objetivos funcionais de crianças e adolescentes com paralisia cerebral (PC) durante a pandemia de COVID‐19.MétodoUm estudo de intervenção prospectivo de único grupo com crianças/adolescentes com PC (n = 144; idade mediana = 92 meses [Q1 = 44.0, Q3 = 148.8]; 74 meninos, 70 meninas), representando todos os níveis do Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa (GMFCS), participaram de um programa domiciliar de 4 meses no Brasil. Equipes interdisciplinares encorajaram famílias a escolher um objetivo funcional a ser treinado. A Medida Canadense de Desempenho Ocupacional (COPM) foi usada no período pré‐intervenção (T1), pós‐intervenção (T2) e 3 meses de follow‐up (T3). As diferenças nos escores da COPM em T1, T2 e T3 foram avaliadas usando o teste de Friedman. O tamanho de efeito foi calculado usando o teste d de Cohen. Análise univariada foi incluída.ResultadoMelhoras significativas foram observadas após a intervenção, com manutenção dos escores após 3 meses (p < 0.001; ddesempenho = 1.33; dsatisfação = 1.31). Nenhuma das variáveis testadas (habilidades das crianças, idade, nível educacional do cuidador, percepção de centrado na família e tipo de objetivo) foram significativamente relacionados às mudanças nos escores.InterpretaçãoO programa domiciliar individualizado via telessaúde pode ser uma intervenção potencial, especialmente para crianças classificadas nos níveis IV e V do GMFCS. Além disso, essa intervenção forneceu uma possível solução para ajudar crianças e suas famílias no desempenho de objetivos funcionais prioritários durante o período de pandemia.
Routine beta‐blocker therapy after acute coronary syndromes: The end of an era?
Authors: Johner Nicolas , Gencer Baris , Roffi Marco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundBeta‐blocker therapy, a treatment burdened by side effects including fatigue, erectile dysfunction and depression, was shown to reduce mortality and cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndromes (ACS) in the pre‐coronary reperfusion era. Potential mechanisms include protection from ventricular arrhythmias, increased ischaemia threshold and prevention of left ventricular (LV) adverse remodelling. With the advent of early mechanical reperfusion and contemporary pharmacologic secondary prevention, the benefit of beta‐blockers after ACS in the absence of LV dysfunction has been challenged.MethodsThe present narrative review discusses the contemporary evidence based on searching the PubMed database and references in identified articles.ResultsRecently, the REDUCE‐AMI trial—the first adequately powered randomized trial in the reperfusion era to test beta‐blocker therapy after myocardial infarction with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)—showed no benefit on the composite of all‐cause death or myocardial infarction over a median 3.5‐year follow‐up. While the benefit of beta‐blockers in patients with reduced LVEF remains undisputed, their value in post‐ACS patients with mildly reduced systolic function (LVEF 41%–49%) has not been studied in contemporary randomized trials; in this setting, observational studies have suggested a reduction in cardiovascular events with these agents. The adequate duration of beta‐blocker therapy remains unknown, but observational data suggests that any mortality benefit may be lost beyond 1–12 months after ACS in patients with LVEF >40%.ConclusionWe believe that there is sufficient evidence to abandon routine beta‐blocker prescription in post‐ACS patients with preserved LV systolic function.
Pesticides and pollinator brain: How do neonicotinoids affect the central nervous system of bees?
Authors: Paoli Marco , Giurfa Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNeonicotinoids represent over a quarter of the global pesticide market. Research on their environmental impact has revealed their adverse effect on the cognitive functions of pollinators, in particular of bees. Cognitive impairments, mostly revealed by behavioural studies, are the phenotypic expression of an alteration in the underlying neural circuits, a matter deserving greater attention. Here, we reviewed studies on the impact of field‐relevant doses of neonicotinoids on the neurophysiology and neurodevelopment of bees. In particular, we focus on their olfactory system as much knowledge has been gained on the different brain areas that participate in odour processing. Recent studies have revealed the detrimental effects of neonicotinoids at multiple levels of the olfactory system, including modulation of odorant‐induced activity in olfactory sensory neurons, diminished neural responses in the antennal lobe (the first olfactory processing centre) and abnormal development of the neural connectivity within the mushroom bodies (central neuropils involved in multisensory integration, learning and memory storage, among others). Given the importance of olfactory perception for multiple aspects of bee biology, the reported disruption of the olfactory circuit, which can occur even upon exposure to sublethal doses of neonicotinoids, has severe consequences at both individual and colony levels. Moreover, the effects reported for a multimodal structure such as the mushroom bodies indicate that neonicotinoids' impact translates to other sensory domains. Assessing the impact of field‐relevant doses of pesticides on bee neurophysiology is crucial for understanding how neonicotinoids influence their behaviour in ecological contexts and for defining effective and sustainable agricultural practices.