bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Overweight/Obesity Metabolic Phenotypes Defined by Two Criteria of Metabolic Abnormality and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis in a Chinese Population
Authors: Qiu Yue , Fan Shujin , Liu Jing , He Xiaodan , Zhu Tianxin , Yan Li , Ren Meng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesObesity/overweight and metabolic anomalies are known to be associated with elevated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, there is a paucity of research exploring the association between different body weights, varying metabolic statuses, and the occurrence of CVD in the Chinese population. Thus, we performed this study to explore the relation between different metabolic overweight/obesity phenotypes and the prevalence of CVD.MethodsWe analyzed data from 9075 participants in the Risk Evaluation of cAncers in Chinese diabeTic Individuals: A lONgitudinal (REACTION) study. Participants were classified into four metabolic phenotypes based on their metabolic status and obesity/overweight status. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between CVD and different groups. Additionally, we conducted a subgroup analysis to further explore the relationship between CVD and different metabolic abnormalities.ResultsCompared to metabolically healthy non‐overweight/obesity (MHNO) individuals, both overweight/obesity and metabolic anomalies were positively associated with CVD prevalence. Among other metabolically unhealthy and overweight/obesity phenotypes, metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) generally exhibited a comparatively lower association with CVD. In the elderly, high waist circumference was significantly associated with CVD, rather than body weight. Further analysis revealed that hypertension had the strongest association with CVD.ConclusionElderly individuals should place more emphasis on managing their waist circumference rather than only on BMI. CVD prevention should focus on both body weight management and treatment of metabolic diseases, with particular emphasis on antihypertensive therapy.
Insights Into the Gas‐Phase Structure and Internal Dynamics of Diphenylsilane: A Broadband Rotational Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Batra Gayatri , Schnell Melanie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rotational spectrum of diphenylsilane was investigated using chirped‐pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy in the frequency range of 2–8 GHz. The lowest energy structure of diphenylsilane has C
point group symmetry with the C
symmetry axis coinciding with the
‐inertial axis of the molecule. Through the assignment of the main isotopologue as well as singly substituted heavy‐atom isotopologues, including
C,
Si, and
Si, we were able to obtain a comprehensive gas‐phase structure of diphenylsilane. The structure of diphenylsilane was compared with its oxygen analogue, diphenylether, including a discussion of the barrier height to the large‐amplitude motion of the phenyl rings. Furthermore, the structural comparison was extended to include a range of C−Si bond lengths and bond angles from other organosilicon molecules where the silicon atom is bonded to aliphatic and/or aromatic moieties.
A Low‐Cost and Green Zinc‐Iron Battery Achieved by Ethaline Deep Eutectic Solvent
Authors: Cao Xiaozhou , Wang Xiwen , Xue Xiangxin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) were considered as a potential electrolyte because of their low price, harmless to environment and wider electrochemical window potential compared to water. In this work, Fe(III)/Fe(II) and Zn(II)/Zn redox couples were used as the positive and negative active materials, respectively, in a DES system using choline chloride and ethylene glycol in a molar ratio of 1 : 2 (ethaline). The possible working mechanism of the battery was studied by cyclic voltammetry, spectroscopic and simulation methods. The effects of different temperatures, concentrations of zinc ions in the anolyte and current densities on battery performance were evaluated. The results showed that the designed zinc‐iron battery should preferably be operated at a current density of 0.5 mA cm−2 and the temperature of 313~323 K, which will improve the energy efficiency and maintain a high coulombic efficiency. The variation of cycle performance test presents a different pattern from the usual batteries, which is due to the effect of RO− group. At 313 K and 0.5 mA cm−2, the coulombic efficiency increases from 14.1 % to 100.2 % after 46 cycles, and then remains at about 100 % during the rest 54 cycles, which demonstrates a good cycle stability of DES‐based zinc‐iron battery.
Inhibitory effect of hydroxychloroquine on glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis in lupus therapy
Authors: Qiu Wenlin , Han Xiaoxiao , Yu Tong , Jiang Lijuan , Wang Xuefei , Feng Ruizhi , Duan Xiaoru , Teng Yao , Yin Haifeng , Bokarewa Maria I , Deng Guo‐Min 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and severe autoimmune disease characterised by persistent inflammation. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and glucocorticoids (GCs) are the primary agents commonly used in combination as the first‐line treatment for SLE. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of this combined therapy with HCQ and GCs have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to reveal the mechanism behind combined HCQ and GC treatment in lupus.MethodsAn SLE IgG‐induced inflammation model was used to investigate the anti‐inflammatory effects of HCQ and dexamethasone (DXM). A glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (GIOP) model was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of HCQ on osteoclastogenesis. Inflammation was assessed by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Bone metabolism was determined structurally via microcomputer tomography and in bone marrow‐derived osteoclast cultures.ResultsAn SLE IgG‐induced inflammation model demonstrated that HCQ could not ameliorate inflammation alone but could enhance the anti‐inflammatory effect of GCs by decreasing the expression of FcγRI on macrophages. HCQ inhibited osteoclastogenesis induced by GCs and RANKL by upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 and limiting reactive oxygen species formation, which mitigated GC‐induced bone loss.ConclusionThe results indicate that HCQ improved the anti‐inflammatory effects of GCs and inhibits the osteoclastogenesis in experimental lupus. This study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the combined treatment of lupus with HCQ and GCs.
Bridging the gap: Insights in the immunopathology of Lyme borreliosis
Authors: Snik Marijn E. , Stouthamer Noor E.I.M. , Hovius Joppe W. , van Gool Melissa M.J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLyme borreliosis (LB), caused by Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (Bbsl) genospecies transmitted by Ixodes spp. ticks, is a significant public health concern in the Northern Hemisphere. This review highlights the complex interplay between Bbsl infection and host–immune responses, impacting clinical manifestations and long‐term immunity. Early localized disease is characterized by erythema migrans (EM), driven by T‐helper 1 (Th1) responses and proinflammatory cytokines. Dissemination to the heart and CNS can lead to Lyme carditis and neuroborreliosis respectively, orchestrated by immune cell infiltration and chemokine dysregulation. More chronic manifestations, including acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and Lyme arthritis, involve prolonged inflammation as well as the development of autoimmunity. In addition, dysregulated immune responses impair long‐term immunity, with compromised B‐cell memory and antibody responses. Experimental models and clinical studies underscore the role of Th1/Th2 balance, B‐cell dysfunction, and autoimmunity in LB pathogenesis. Moreover, LB‐associated autoimmunity parallels mechanisms observed in other infectious and autoimmune diseases. Understanding immune dysregulation in LB provides insights into disease heterogeneity and could provide new strategies for diagnosis and treatment.
Blood transcriptome profiling reveals distinct gene networks induced by mRNA vaccination against COVID‐19
Authors: Riemann Lennart , Weskamm Leonie M. , Mayer Leonie , Odak Ivan , Hammerschmidt Swantje , Sandrock Inga , Friedrichsen Michaela , Ravens Inga , Fuss Janina , Hansen Gesine , Addo Marylyn M. , Förster Reinhold 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMessenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a new class of vaccines that has been shown to be highly effective during the COVID‐19 pandemic and that holds great potential for other preventative and therapeutic applications. While it is known that the transcriptional activity of various genes is altered following mRNA vaccination, identifying and studying gene networks could reveal important scientific insights that might inform future vaccine designs. In this study, we conducted an in‐depth weighted gene correlation network analysis of the blood transcriptome before and 24 h after the second and third vaccination with licensed mRNA vaccines against COVID‐19 in humans, following a prime vaccination with either mRNA or ChAdOx1 vaccines. Utilizing this unsupervised gene network analysis approach, we identified distinct modular networks of co‐varying genes characterized by either an expressional up‐ or downregulation in response to vaccination. Downregulated networks were associated with cell metabolic processes and regulation of transcription factors, while upregulated networks were associated with myeloid differentiation, antigen presentation, and antiviral, interferon‐driven pathways. Within this interferon‐associated network, we identified highly connected hub genes such as STAT2 and RIGI and associated upstream transcription factors, potentially playing important regulatory roles in the vaccine‐induced immune response. The expression profile of this network significantly correlated with S1‐specific IgG levels at the follow‐up visit in vaccinated individuals. Those findings could be corroborated in a second, independent cohort of mRNA vaccine recipients. Collectively, results from this modular gene network analysis enhance the understanding of mRNA vaccines from a systems immunology perspective. Influencing specific gene networks could lead to optimized vaccines that elicit augmented vaccine responses.
Electrodeposition Decoration of Pd0 on F‐Co(OH)2 Nanoarrays with Intentionally Introduced Pd2+ Species for Efficient Electrocatalytic Hydrodechlorination of 2,4‐Dichlorophenol
Authors: Xiang Rui , Yu Yingxue , Gao Qing , Zhuang Yujuan , Wang Chengyun , Peng Lishan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeveloping a Pd‐based catalyst possessing high efficiency and low mass loading remains a big obstacle for the large‐scale application of electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination (EHDC) of chlorophenols (CPs). Herein, high dispersion Pd nanoparticles imbedded in Pd2+ hydroxide species are decorated on the surface of F−Co(OH)2 nanowire arrays with a newly developed electrodeposition and hydrolysis coupled process. EHDC of 2,4‐dichlorophenol (2,4‐DCP) with the as‐obtained Pd/F−Co(OH)2/NF‐a exhibits superior performance than other control samples in this work and literature reports. A 100 % removal of 2,4‐DCP is accomplished within 120 min, featuring fast reaction kinetics (kobs=5.0×10−2 min−1) and mass activity (MA=22.2 min−1 g−1Pd). Mechanism investigation shows that the intentionally introduced Pd2+ sites play a pivotal role in the adsorption of 2,4‐DCP, while high dispersion of Pd facilitates the generation of active H*, thus promoting the catalytic performance. This work presents a valuable example for designing high‐performance Pd‐based EHDC catalysts by composition tuning.
Offline Coupling of Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography–Capillary Zone Electrophoresis for Monitoring Charge‐Based Heterogeneity of Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Sarin Deepika , Kumar Sunil , Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA holistic understanding of the charge heterogeneity in monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is paramount for ensuring acceptable product quality. Hence, biotherapeutic manufacturers are expected to thoroughly characterize their products via advanced analytical techniques. Recently, two‐dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) methods have gained popularity for resolving complex charged species. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is regarded as a sensitive and faster tool for charged species estimation in biotherapeutics. In this study, we aim to combine the separation power of chromatographic and electrophoretic tools (liquid chromatography [LC]–CE) so as to achieve maximum resolution of mAb charge variants. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) has been used as the preferred LC mode with CE for achieving successful separation of both charge and hydrophobic variants for two of the mAbs (trastuzumab and rituximab). The standalone HIC and capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) methods separated 4 hydrophobic variants and 7 charge variants for each mAb, whereas the 2DLC method separated 10 and 11 variants for mAbs A and B. On the other hand, the HIC–CZE–UV method resolved 29 variants in mAb A and 23 variants in mAb B. The reproducibility of the HIC–CZE–UV method was demonstrated by % change in values of retention time (RT) and peak area as <5% (mAb A), <3% (mAb B), and <12% (for both mAbs), respectively. Thus, the utility of the proposed LC–CE method for characterization of mAb charge variants has been displayed.
Research over the effect of activated carbon treated with calcium nitrate solution on the catalytic ability in the reduction of Co(III)Triethylenetetramine
Authors: Zhang Shuang‐wei , Li Zi‐qiu , Long Xiang‐li 
Published: October 2024

AbstractActivated carbon can be used as a catalyst for the reduction of Co(III)TETA to Co(II)TETA so as to maintain the ability of removing NO from gas stream with Co(II)TETA solution. Calcium nitrate has been utilized to treat activated carbon to improve its catalytic ability in the regeneration of Co(II)TETA. The biggest Co(III)TETA conversion is gained by the carbon being soaked in 0.3 mol/L calcium nitrate solution at 65°C for 12 h with a solid/liquid ratio of 1 g/50 mL followed being carbonized at 400°C for 2 h in nitrogen. The characterization with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, XPS, BET (Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller) and Boehm titration indicates that the modification with calcium nitrate increases the specific surface area and acidic groups on activated carbon. The continuous experiments reveal that the NO removal efficiency obtained by the modified carbon is over 12% up to that by the original one.
Cosmogenic 10Be‐ and 21Ne‐based model exposure ages of desert pavements in the Thar Desert, India
Authors: Kaushal Rahul K. , Parida Sukumar , Kumar Pavitra V. , Kumar Pankaj , Niedermann Samuel , Wasson Robert J. , Dhir Ram P. , Chopra Sundeep , Mishra Sheila , Pappu Shanti , Singhvi Ashok K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Thar Desert, India has desert pavements comprising angular‐subangular to well‐rounded gravels at marginally higher elevations than the surrounding terrain. Sedimentological and geomorphic analyses suggest that the pavements are lags of weathered Mesozoic and older bedrock. The presence of Palaeolithic artefacts on the pavement surfaces and occasionally within their matrix was used to infer their antiquity and landscape stability.This study presents the first surface exposure ages based on cosmic‐ray‐produced 10Be and 21Ne for pavements at four sites in the Thar Desert, viz. Bhojka, Hamira, Solanki and Jayal. The computation of model exposure ages assumed that (a) the gravels were derived from cemented conglomerates, uplifted by tectonics and thereafter disintegrated by climate, and (b) cosmogenic nuclide production in the gravels began when the conglomerates approached the surface and, continued during their disintegration, gravity sliding of individual gravels and storage, until the present. Assuming an average burial depth of 50 cm, 21Ne and 10Be data provide ages ranging from 1.30 to 2.92 Ma and 1.11 to 5.4 Ma, respectively, for the two nuclides.Published electron spin resonance ages of Thar calcretes suggest the presence of water and extreme seasonality since 1.54 Ma. Such conditions facilitated the mobilization and precipitation of carbonates. The pavement ages and the minimum age of the conglomerate at 2.51 Ma extend the time of such desertic conditions to > 2.51 Ma and suggest that the initiation of desertic conditions in the Thar was possibly linked to global aridity beginning around 3.6 Ma.Depending on assumptions, cosmic ray surface exposure (10Be) ages at Jayal range between 0.76 and 2.43 Ma. In the context of the Indian Palaeolithic, the presence of tools on the gravel surfaces and within dunes, suggests frequent occupation of this region from at least 0.76 Ma and, parallels Early to Middle Pleistocene Acheulian assemblages from Southern India.
Under what conditions? A scenario‐based approach for exploring the prerequisites of future events
Authors: Ekholm Tommi , Schaber Theresa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn an increasingly complex world, futures thinking can be used to understand the conditions that define future events' realization. This paper presents a novel approach to explore under what conditions some chosen future event would occur. The approach can be seen as a fusion of exploratory scenarios with the backward‐looking perspective of backcasting while resembling cross‐impact methods in how future events' realization arises from the interaction of several uncertain assumptions. The approach maps the causal mechanisms and assumptions that lead to the investigated event's realization, and results in a subset of assumption combinations that lead to the event being realized or not, and scenario sets where the event is either realized or not. This analysis provides insights beyond “Is the event likely to occur?”, revealing the various circumstances under which it can occur. We also provide ways for considering probabilities and deliberate decisions within the approach. We illustrate the approach with three example cases from different problem domains, such as reaching long‐term climate targets, and employing various methods, such as causal mapping, influence diagrams, and optimization. We conclude with a discussion on the approach's potential to enhance foresight practice, emphasizing its synergistic relation to existing methods and its contribution to a richer, more nuanced anticipation of the future.
Organoleptic characteristics of high‐protein snacks with novel and sustainable ingredients: Cricket flour and carob powder
Authors: Khalil Reine , Kallas Zein , Pujolà Montserrat , Haddarah Amira 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTo fulfill consumer trends in sustainable and healthy food choices, this study explored the application of edible insects and carob powder as sustainable and nutritious ingredients in developing a high‐protein snack, known as a protein ball. Four formulations were developed and characterized in terms of moisture content, water activity, color, texture, microbial count, and nutritional profile. Finally, the sensory profile was determined using the flash profile method, and the developed product was compared to a commercial product. The effect of replacing the conventional protein source with cricket flour and cocoa with its sustainable alternative, carob, on the measured characteristics was determined. The results showed that cricket flour significantly decreased the lightness color values (from 40 to 30) on the internal surface of the protein ball. Texture remained largely unaffected initially; however, after 2 weeks of storage, cricket flour significantly decreased the hardness (from 15 to 12 N) and chewiness values (from 1.6 to 1.0 N mm). Moreover, cricket flour significantly increased the aerobic count (from 3–4 log to 5 log cfu g−1). The sensory space of the cricket samples was separated from the milk protein samples, mainly related to flavor attributes, while the commercial sample was distinguished by dryness and sweetness. In general, carob powder did not affect the measured parameters compared to cocoa. This study demonstrated the suitability of utilizing cricket flour and carob powder in a high‐protein snack without substantially compromising the product's organoleptic properties. Future research could investigate the consumer acceptability of the product.
Distribution and Controlling Factors of the Contourites on the Northern Continental Slope of the South China Sea
Authors: Wang Hairong , Yu Chengqian , Chen Xianglan , Li Xianglin , Gao Hongfang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe northern continental margin of the South China Sea (SCS) is an important component of deep‐water circulation, providing excellent conditions for studying bottom currents in a marginal sea. Seismic data were employed to discern the sedimentary patterns prevalent in the deep‐water continental slope sediments on the northern continental margin of the SCS, encompassing gravity flow, contourite and mixed depositional systems. The contourite depositional system includes various types of deposits (such as separated mounded drifts, patch or channel‐related drifts, deformed sheeted drifts, composite drifts, bottom current sediment waves, plastered contourite drifts) and various morphologic erosional features eroded by the bottom current (such as moats, non‐depositional surfaces, troughs and scarps). These contourite features are related to the continental slope's morphology and its sources. The Dongsha slope exhibits distinctive characteristics marked by intense bottom current erosion and deposition, featuring separated mounded drifts and deformed sheeted drifts along its lower slope. The lower slope of the Pearl River showcases a spectrum of bottom current‐induced features, including sediment wave fields, erosion fields and contourite drifts. The southern flank of the Shenhu slope is characterised by a bottom current erosion field, a non‐depositional surface, a sediment wave field and isolated mounded drifts. On the Yingqiong slope, the contourite drifts are limited to its southern flank where gravity flow action is absent, and the complex geomorphology interacts with the bottom current, forming a complex contourite depositional system. The results of this study serve as a foundational framework for further global research on bottom current circulation and hydrodynamics.
The analytical model of flame characteristics of hydrogen–air through wall and gas interaction analysis
Authors: Esfahani Javad Abolfazli , Fanaee Sayyed Aboozar , Ahmadi Fatemeh , Rad Moslem Ayubi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, the effect of different boundary conditions and different thermal and physical properties of walls and gas on flame characteristics and stability of hydrogen–air mixture are investigated using an analytical method. This method solves the gas–wall energy equation, and the hydrogen mass conservation equations. The jump conditions are obtained by integrating the energy and mass equation into a small control volume around the flame. For validation of this model, the temperature distribution on the outer surface of the wall is compared with experimental data that show the maximum relative error of 3.5% for Q = 400 mL/min and 4.9% for Q = 200 mL/min. The maximum variation of gas temperature is nearly 6.5 times of wall temperature variation. The wall can be considered one‐dimensional for conventional wall materials with K > 10. For the existence of combustion inside the chamber, when the value of K is greater than 10, the Péclet number should also be considered greater than 10. In a constant equivalence ratio, increasing the medium temperature increases flame stability.