bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Violence in paradise: Cranial trauma in the prehispanic population of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands)
Authors: Delgado‐Darias Teresa , Alberto‐Barroso Verónica , Velasco‐Vázquez Javier 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesThis paper addresses the prevalence and pattern of physical violence in the prehispanic society of Gran Canaria and discusses its link with the social structure and insular context in which that people lived.Materials and Methods347 prehispanic crania from Guayadeque Ravine (575–1415 AD) have been examined in order to determine the frequency, types, location, and timing of trauma.ResultsCraniofacial injuries are present in 27.4% of the crania examined. Only 2% display perimortem trauma. Most of the injuries (84.3%) correspond to depressed blunt force trauma, with an ellipsoidal or circular shape. Most of these are in the anterior aspect of the cranium. Males are significantly more affected than females.DiscussionThe aboriginal population of Gran Canaria show a high frequency of traumatic injuries to the skull compared to other archaeological groups. Their frequent location in the anterior aspect suggests regular face‐to‐face confrontations. However, the lethal injuries typically occurring in large‐scale combat are scarce. Practices such as ritualized combat, mentioned in ethnohistorical sources, would help to channel and mitigate inter‐group conflict. The predominance of depressed blunt force trauma is in accordance with the weapons used by those populations: hand‐thrown stones, clubs and sticks. The higher frequency in males indicates that they took part in direct violence more than females did. The hierarchical organization of their society may have led to frequent situations of conflict. The insular nature of a territory barely 1,500 m2 in size was a determining factor in competition for access to food resources, especially at times of climate crises or population growth.
A Highly Stable Copper‐Based Catalyst for Clarifying the Catalytic Roles of Cu0 and Cu+ Species in Methanol Dehydrogenation
Authors: Yang Huanhuan , Chen Yanyan , Cui Xiaojing , Wang Guofu , Cen Youliang , Deng Tiansheng , Yan Wenjun , Gao Jie , Zhu Shanhui , Olsbye Unni , Wang Jianguo , Fan Weibin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIdentification of the active copper species, and further illustration of the catalytic mechanism of Cu‐based catalysts is still a challenge because of the mobility and evolution of Cu0 and Cu+ species in the reaction process. Thus, an unprecedentedly stable Cu‐based catalyst was prepared by uniformly embedding Cu nanoparticles in a mesoporous silica shell allowing clarification of the catalytic roles of Cu0 and Cu+ in the dehydrogenation of methanol to methyl formate by combining isotope‐labeling experiment, in situ spectroscopy, and DFT calculations. It is shown that Cu0 sites promote the cleavage of the O−H bond in methanol and of the C−H bond in the reaction intermediates CH3O and H2COOCH3 which is formed from CH3O and HCHO, whereas Cu+ sites cause rapid decomposition of formaldehyde generated on the Cu0 sites into CO and H2.
Über Oxidationszahl‐Obergrenzen in der Chemie
Authors: Hu Shu‐Xian , Li Wan‐Lu , Lu Jun‐Bo , Bao Junwei Lucas , Yu Haoyu S. , Truhlar Donald G. , Gibson John K. , Marçalo Joaquim , Zhou Mingfei , Riedel Sebastian , Schwarz W. H. Eugen , Li Jun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDer Begriff Oxidationszahl (OS) ist auf der Basis des Lewis‐Elektronenpaar‐Bildes definiert, wobei Bindungselektronen dem jeweils elektronegativeren Element zugeordnet werden. Der Begriff ist hilfreich zur “Buchhaltung” der Elektronen, zur Vorhersage von chemischen Trends und zur Planung von Synthesewegen. Experimentelle und quantenchemische Befunde legen eine obere Grenze von etwa +8 für die OS in stabilen (neutralen) chemischen Substanzen unter normalen Bedingungen nahe. OS=+9 wurde für das isolierte [IrO4]+‐Kation in der Gasphase beobachtet. Vorhergesagte OS=+10 für das isolierte [PtO4]2+‐Kation wird hier theoretisch nur für tiefe Temperaturen bestätigt, konnte aber noch nicht experimentell verifiziert werden. Verbindungen mit hoher OS tendieren zur spontanen Reduktion des zentralen Metallatoms unter Oxidation der Liganden, etwa von O−2 unter Bildung von .O−1 und O‐O‐Bindungen, wobei nicht‐Lewis‐konforme Strukturen gebildet werden können.
RNA‐Peptide nanoplexes drug DNA damage pathways in high‐grade serous ovarian tumors
Authors: Dreaden Erik C. , Kong Yi Wen , Quadir Mohiuddin A. , Correa Santiago , Suárez‐López Lucia , Barberio Antonio E. , Hwang Mun Kyung , Shi Aria C. , Oberlton Benjamin , Gallagher Paige N. , Shopsowitz Kevin E. , Elias Kevin M. , Yaffe Michael B. , Hammond Paula T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDNA damaging chemotherapy is a cornerstone of current front‐line treatments for advanced ovarian cancer (OC). Despite the fact that a majority of these patients initially respond to therapy, most will relapse with chemo‐resistant disease; therefore, adjuvant treatments that synergize with DNA‐damaging chemotherapy could improve treatment outcomes and survival in patients with this deadly disease. Here, we report the development of a nanoscale peptide‐nucleic acid complex that facilitates tumor‐specific RNA interference therapy to chemosensitize advanced ovarian tumors to frontline platinum/taxane therapy. We found that the nanoplex‐mediated silencing of the protein kinase, MK2, profoundly sensitized mouse models of high‐grade serous OC to cytotoxic chemotherapy by blocking p38/MK2‐dependent cell cycle checkpoint maintenance. Combined RNAi therapy improved overall survival by 37% compared with platinum/taxane chemotherapy alone and decreased metastatic spread to the lungs without observable toxic side effects. These findings suggest (a) that peptide nanoplexes can serve as safe and effective delivery vectors for siRNA and (b) that combined inhibition of MK2 could improve treatment outcomes in patients currently receiving frontline chemotherapy for advanced OC.
Methodology Development in Directed Evolution: Exploring Options when Applying Triple‐Code Saturation Mutagenesis
Authors: Qu Ge , Lonsdale Richard , Yao Peiyuan , Li Guangyue , Liu Beibei , Reetz Manfred T. , Sun Zhoutong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDirected evolution of stereo‐ or regioselective enzymes as catalysts in asymmetric transformations is of particular interest in organic synthesis. Upon evolving these biocatalysts, screening is the bottleneck. To beat the numbers problem most effectively, methods and strategies for building “small but smart” mutant libraries have been developed. Herein, we compared two different strategies regarding the application of triple‐code saturation mutagenesis (TCSM) at multiresidue sites of the Thermoanaerobacter brockii alcohol dehydrogenase by using distinct reduced amino‐acid alphabets. By using the synthetically difficult‐to‐reduce prochiral ketone tetrahydrofuran‐3‐one as a substrate, highly R‐ and S‐selective variants were obtained (92–99 % ee) with minimal screening. The origin of stereoselectivity was provided by molecular dynamics analyses, which is discussed in terms of the Bürgi–Dunitz trajectory.
Antegrade fenestration and re‐entry: A new controlled subintimal technique for chronic total occlusion recanalization
Authors: Carlino Mauro , Azzalini Lorenzo , Mitomo Satoru , Colombo Antonio 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo describe and evaluate the efficacy of a novel antegrade dissection/re‐entry (ADR) technique, called antegrade fenestration and re‐entry (AFR), for chronic total occlusions (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundThe widespread adoption of ADR is limited by several technical, logistic, and financial factors. Therefore, novel ADR techniques are needed.MethodsAFR consists in creating multiple fenestrations of the dissection flap separating the false and true lumen. This is achieved by advancing a balloon (sized 1:1 with the artery diameter) onto the antegrade wire into the subintimal space, and inflating it at the level of the distal cap. A soft polymer‐jacketed guidewire is then advanced across the fenestrations created by balloon inflation from the subintimal space into the true lumen. Following its theoretical formulation, patients undergoing ADR‐based CTO recanalization at our institution were considered for AFR treatment.ResultsBetween November 2015 and October 2017, 279 CTO PCIs were performed. Of those, ADR was utilized in 33 (12%) cases, of whom AFR was used in 6 (18%). In all but one cases, AFR was performed after failed true‐to‐true lumen crossing, while in the remainder it was utilized after extensive subintimal space disruption following alternative ADR techniques. AFR was successful in all six cases and no complications were observed.ConclusionsWe have developed a novel ADR technique which aims at complementing the CTO operator's armamentarium. AFR does not preclude alternative bailout techniques, and is inexpensive and easy to perform. A dedicated study should confirm our findings in a large cohort.
Subadventitial stenting around occluded stents: A bailout technique to recanalize in‐stent chronic total occlusions
Authors: Azzalini Lorenzo , Karatasakis Aris , Spratt James C. , Tajti Péter , Riley Robert F. , Ybarra Luiz F. , Schumacher Stefan P. , Benincasa Susanna , Bellini Barbara , Candilio Luciano , Mitomo Satoru , Henriksen Peter , Hidalgo Francisco , Timmers Leo , Kraaijeveld Adriaan O. , Agostoni Pierfrancesco , Roy James , Ramsay David R. , Weaver James C. , Knaapen Paul , Nap Alexander , Starcevic Boris , Ojeda Soledad , Pan Manuel , Alaswad Khaldoon , Lombardi William L. , Carlino Mauro , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Colombo Antonio , Rinfret Stéphane , Mashayekhi Kambis 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the outcomes of subadventitial stenting (SS) around occluded stents for recanalizing in‐stent chronic total occlusions (IS‐CTOs).BackgroundThere is little evidence on the outcomes of SS for IS‐CTO.MethodsWe examined the outcomes of SS for IS‐CTO PCI at 14 centers between July 2011 and June 2017, and compared them to historical controls recanalized using within‐stent stenting (WSS). Target‐vessel failure (TVF) on follow‐up was the endpoint of this study, and was defined as a composite of cardiac death, target‐vessel myocardial infarction, and target‐vessel revascularization.ResultsDuring study period, 422 IS‐CTO PCIs were performed, of which 32 (7.6%) were recanalized with SS, usually when conventional approaches failed. The most frequent CTO vessel was the right coronary artery (72%). Mean J‐CTO score was 3.1 ± 0.9. SS was antegrade in 53%, and retrograde in 47%. Part of the occluded stent was crushed in 37%, while the whole stent was crushed in 63%. Intravascular imaging was used in 59%. One patient (3.1%) suffered tamponade. Angiographic follow‐up was performed in 10/32 patients: stents were patent in six cases, one had mild neointimal hyperplasia, and three had severe restenosis at the SS site. Clinical follow‐up was available for 29/32 patients for a mean of 388 ± 303 days. The 24‐month incidence of TVF was 13.8%, which was similar to historical controls treated with WSS (19.5%, P = 0.49).ConclusionsSS is rarely performed, usually as last resort, to recanalize complex IS‐CTOs. It is associated with favorable acute and mid‐term outcomes, but given the small sample size of our study additional research is warranted.
Eccrine porocarcinoma arising from the knee
Authors: Gonda Kenji , Hatakeyama Yuichi , Rokkaku Yuichi 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageEnlarged eccrine porocarcinoma of the knee was encountered as a hemorrhagic bulky tumor. After controlling bleeding with Mohs’ paste, local excision of the lesion was the mainstay of treatment. Pathological examination revealed poroid cells, cuticle cells, and prickle cells cancer components, suggesting that malignancy must be excluded by resection.
Beta‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Stige Kjersti Eline , Gjerde Ivar Otto , Houge Gunnar , Knappskog Per Morten , Tzoulis Charalampos 
Published: January 2018

Key Clinical MessageBeta‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration (BPAN) is a rare disorder, which is increasingly recognized thanks to next‐generation sequencing. Due to a highly variable phenotype, patients may present to pediatrics, neurology, psychiatry, or internal medicine. It is therefore essential that physicians of different specialties are familiar with this severe and debilitating condition.
Photocatalytic Generation of Hydrogen Using Dinuclear π‐Extended Porphyrin–Platinum Compounds
Authors: Lang Philipp , Habermehl Johannes , Troyanov Sergey I. , Rau Sven , Schwalbe Matthias 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA series of heterodinuclear complexes, M‐1‐PtX2 with M=H2, Zn, Cu or Co, X=Cl or I, has been synthesized, and first results on their photocatalytic activity in visible light driven proton reduction are presented. The compounds are based on a phenanthroline extended meso‐tetramesityl‐porphyrin bridging ligand (H2‐1) incorporating different metal centers in the porphyrin moiety, which functions as a photosensitizer unit. The well‐known catalytically active PtX2 fragment resides in the phenanthroline coordination pocket. The synthesis was optimized, compounds were fully characterized and a solid‐state structure could be obtained for selected complexes. Photocatalytic studies in acetonitrile/water mixtures using triethylamine as sacrificial electron donor showed that the activity of the complexes depends strongly on the metal center in the porphyrin moiety as well as the halogen ions bound at the platinum(II) center.
Transannular [4+3] Cycloadditions of Macrocyclic Epoxy Ketones
Authors: Chan Diana , Chen Yu , Low Kam‐Hung , Chiu Pauline 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTransannular [4+3] cycloadditions of dienophiles derived from macrocyclic epoxy ketones produce fused ring systems having central cycloheptane subunits. In some cases, the base directly induced cycloisomerization of the epoxy ketones to yield the cycloadducts; in others, the epoxy ketones were transformed into their corresponding enolsilanes before undergoing cycloaddition. Enantiomerically enriched tricyclic arrays were obtained from cycloadditions starting from optically pure epoxy ketones.
Improved Photoactivity of Pyroxene Silicates by Cation Substitutions
Authors: Legesse Merid , Park Heesoo , El Mellouhi Fedwa , Rashkeev Sergey N. , Kais Sabre , Alharbi Fahhad H. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe investigated the possibility of band structure engineering of pyroxene silicates with chemical formula A+1B+3Si2O6 by proper cation substitution. Typically, band gaps of naturally formed pyroxene silicates such as NaAlSi2O6 are quite high (≈5 eV). Therefore, it is important to find a way to reduce band gaps for these materials below 3 eV to make them usable for optoelectronic applications operating at visible light range of the spectrum. Using first‐principles calculations, we found that appropriate substitutions of both A+ and B3+ cations can reduce the band gaps of these materials to as low as 1.31 eV. We also discuss how the band gap in this class of materials is affected by cation radii, electronegativity of constituent elements, spin‐orbit coupling, and structural modifications. In particular, the replacement of Al3+ in NaAlSi2O6 by another trivalent cation Tl3+ results in the largest band‐gap reduction and emergence of intermediate bands. We also found that all considered materials are still thermodynamically stable. This work provides a design approach for new environmentally benign and abundant materials for use in photovoltaics and optoelectronic devices.
A 0.1 to 2.7‐GHz SOI SP8T antenna switch adopting body self‐adapting bias technique for low‐loss high‐power applications
Authors: Zhang Zhihao , Zhang Gary , Yu Kai , Lin Junming , Liu Zuhua 
Published: January 2018

SummaryA low‐loss high‐power single‐pole 8‐throw antenna switch adopting body self‐adapting bias technique in a 0.18‐μm thick‐film partially depleted silicon‐on‐insulator complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor process is implemented for multimode multiband cellular applications. A topology with symmetric port design is developed. We employ the body‐contacted field‐effect transistor to handle high power level and obtain low harmonic distortion. However, the conventional bias method for body‐contacted field‐effect transistor leads to poor insertion loss (IL), serious imbalanced voltage division, and large die size. Therefore, a new body self‐adapting bias scheme is adopted to improve the IL and power handling capability with die area reward by removing the employment of extra biasing resistor and voltage supply at the body. The presented silicon‐on‐insulator antenna switch utilizing the new body bias strategy reveals similar harmonic performance as a conventional switch version, thanks to the analogous DC bias to the gate and body, while it exhibits effectively lower IL, imbalanced voltage division, and die area. The measured IL and 0.1‐dB compression point (P−0.1dB), at 1.9/2.7 GHz, are roughly 0.52/0.82 dB and 39.2/36.9 dBm, respectively. The overall IL and P−0.1dB are apparently improved by approximately 0.05 to 0.13 dB and 0.5 to 0.8 dBm compared with the conventional version.
Application of best relay selection approach to cooperative DF IDMA systems over Rayleigh/Weibull fading channels
Authors: Bilim Mehmet , Kapucu Nuri , Develi Ibrahim 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThis paper analyzes the performance of cooperative decode‐and‐forward (DF) interleave‐division multiple‐access (IDMA) networks with best relay selection over Rayleigh/Weibull fading environments. In the analysis, approximate outage probability (OP) and bit error probability (BEP) expressions are derived for the considered system. Further, a 2‐hop DF IDMA system is also designed to compare with cooperative one. We propose OP and BEP expression for 2‐hop DF IDMA systems. Numerical results are obtained by changing the number of relays and the value of fading parameter in the proposed expressions. Also, simulations are provided to corroborate the exactness of the derived approximate OP and BEP expressions.
What factors shape genetic diversity in cetaceans?
Authors: Vachon Felicia , Whitehead Hal , Frasier Timothy R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUnderstanding what factors drive patterns of genetic diversity is a central aspect of many biological questions, ranging from the inference of historical demography to assessing the evolutionary potential of a species. However, as a larger number of datasets have become available, it is becoming clear that the relationship between the characteristics of a species and its genetic diversity is more complex than previously assumed. This may be particularly true for cetaceans, due to their relatively long lifespans, long generation times, complex social structures, and extensive ranges. In this study, we used microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA data from a systematic literature review to produce estimates of diversity for both markers across 42 cetacean species. Factors relating to demography, distribution, classification, biology, and behavior were then tested using phylogenetic methods and linear models to assess their relative influence on the genetic diversity of both marker types. The results show that while relative nuclear diversity is correlated with population size, mitochondrial diversity is not. This is particularly relevant given the widespread use of mitochondrial DNA to infer historical demography. Instead, mitochondrial diversity was mostly influenced by the range and social structure of the species. In addition to population size, habitat type (neritic vs. oceanic) had a significant correlation with relative nuclear diversity. Combined, these results show that many often‐unconsidered factors are likely influencing patterns of genetic diversity in cetaceans, with implications regarding how to interpret, and what can be inferred from, existing patterns of diversity.
Variation in the magnitude of morphological and dietary differences between individuals among populations of small benthic Arctic charr in relation to ecological factors
Authors: Kristjánsson Bjarni K. , Leblanc Camille A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe early stages of intraspecific diversity are important for the evolution of diversification and speciation. Early stages of diversification can be seen in individual specialization, where individuals consume only a portion of the diet of the population as a whole, and how such specialization is related to phenotypic diversity within populations. Here, we study the strength of the relationship between morphological and dietary distances among individuals in eighteen populations of Icelandic small benthic charr. We furthermore studied if the strength of the relationship could be related to variation in local ecological factors these populations inhabit. In all the populations studied, there was a clear relationship between morphological and dietary distances, indicating that fish that had similar morphology were at the same time‐consuming similar food items. Our findings show a systematic variation in the relationship between morphology and diet at early stages of diversification in a highly specialized small benthic charr morph. The results show the importance of fine scale comparisons within populations and furthermore the value that systematic comparisons among populations under parallel evolution can contribute toward our increased understanding of evolutionary and ecological processes.
Simplifying understory complexity in oil palm plantations is associated with a reduction in the density of a cleptoparasitic spider,Argyrodes miniaceus(Araneae: Theridiidae), in host (Araneae: Nephilinae) webs
Authors: Spear Dakota M. , Foster William A. , Advento Andreas Dwi , Naim Mohammad , Caliman Jean‐Pierre , Luke Sarah H. , Snaddon Jake L. , Ps Sudharto , Turner Edgar C. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExpansion of oil palm agriculture is currently one of the main drivers of habitat modification in Southeast Asia. Habitat modification can have significant effects on biodiversity, ecosystem function, and interactions between species by altering species abundances or the available resources in an ecosystem. Increasing complexity within modified habitats has the potential to maintain biodiversity and preserve species interactions. We investigated trophic interactions betweenArgyrodes miniaceus,a cleptoparasitic spider, and itsNephila spp. spider hosts in mature oil palm plantations in Sumatra, Indonesia.A. miniaceusco‐occupy the webs ofNephila spp. females and survive by stealing prey items caught in the web. We examined the effects of experimentally manipulated understory vegetation complexity on the density and abundance ofA. miniaceusinNephila spp. webs. Experimental understory treatments included enhanced complexity, standard complexity, and reduced complexity understory vegetation, which had been established as part of the ongoing Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function in Tropical Agriculture (BEFTA) Project.A. miniaceusdensity ranged from 14.4 to 31.4 spiders per square meter of web, with significantly lower densities found in reduced vegetation complexity treatments compared with both enhanced and standard treatment plots.A. miniaceusabundance per plot was also significantly lower in reduced complexity than in standard and enhanced complexity plots.Synthesis and applications: Maintenance of understory vegetation complexity contributes to the preservation of spider host–cleptoparasite relationships in oil palm plantations. Understory structural complexity in these simplified agroecosystems therefore helps to support abundant spider populations, a functionally important taxon in agricultural landscapes. In addition, management for more structurally complex agricultural habitats can support more complex trophic interactions in tropical agroecosystems.