bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian joint models with INLA exploring marine mobile predator–prey and competitor species habitat overlap
Authors: Sadykova Dinara , Scott Beth E. , De Dominicis Michela , Wakelin Sarah L. , Sadykov Alexander , Wolf Judith 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUnderstanding spatial physical habitat selection driven by competition and/or predator–prey interactions of mobile marine species is a fundamental goal of spatial ecology. However, spatial counts or density data for highly mobile animals often (1) include excess zeros, (2) have spatial correlation, and (3) have highly nonlinear relationships with physical habitat variables, which results in the need for complex joint spatial models. In this paper, we test the use of Bayesian hierarchical hurdle and zero‐inflated joint models with integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA), to fit complex joint models to spatial patterns of eight mobile marine species (grey seal, harbor seal, harbor porpoise, common guillemot, black‐legged kittiwake, northern gannet, herring, and sandeels). For each joint model, we specified nonlinear smoothed effect of physical habitat covariates and selected either competing species or predator–prey interactions. Out of a range of six ecologically important physical and biologic variables that are predicted to change with climate change and large‐scale energy extraction, we identified the most important habitat variables for each species and present the relationships between these bio/physical variables and species distributions. In particular, we found that net primary production played a significant role in determining habitat preferences of all the selected mobile marine species. We have shown that the INLA method is well‐suited for modeling spatially correlated data with excessive zeros and is an efficient approach to fit complex joint spatial models with nonlinear effects of covariates. Our approach has demonstrated its ability to define joint habitat selection for both competing and prey–predator species that can be relevant to numerous issues in the management and conservation of mobile marine species.
Chromosomal distribution of interstitial telomeric sequences as signs of evolution through chromosome fusion in six species of the giant water bugs (Hemiptera,Belostoma)
Authors: Chirino Mónica G. , Dalíková Martina , Marec František R. , Bressa María J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTandem arrays ofTTAGGrepeats show a highly conserved location at the telomeres across the phylogenetic tree of arthropods. In giant water bugsBelostoma, the chromosome number changed during speciation by fragmentation of the single ancestral X chromosome, resulting in a multiple sex chromosome system. Several autosome–autosome fusions and a fusion between the sex chromosome pair and an autosome pair resulted in the reduced number in several species. We mapped the distribution of telomeric sequences and interstitial telomeric sequences (ITSs) inBelostoma candidulum(2n = 12 + XY/XX; male/female),B. dentatum(2n = 26 + X1X2Y/X1X1X2X2),B. elegans(2n = 26 + X1X2Y/X1X1X2X2),B. elongatum(2n = 26 + X1X2Y/X1X1X2X2),B. micantulum(2n = 14 + XY/XX), andB. oxyurum(2n = 6 + XY/XX) byFISHwith the (TTAGG)nprobes. Hybridization signals confirmed the presence ofTTAGGrepeats in the telomeres of all species examined. The three species with reduced chromosome numbers showed additional hybridization signals in interstitial positions, indicating the occurrence ofITS. From the comparison of all species here analyzed, we observed inverse relationships between chromosome number and chromosome size, and between presence/absence ofITSand chromosome number. TheITSdistribution between these closely related species supports the hypothesis that several telomere–telomere fusions of the chromosomes from an ancestral diploid chromosome number 2n = 26 + XY/XXplayed a major role in the karyotype evolution ofBelostoma. Consequently, our study provide valuable features that can be used to understand the karyotype evolution, may contribute to a better understanding of taxonomic relationships, and also elucidate the high plasticity of nuclear genomes at the chromosomal level during the speciation processes.
Seasonal variation in basal and plastic cold tolerance: Adaptation is influenced by both long‐ and short‐term phenotypic plasticity
Authors: Noh Suegene , Everman Elizabeth R. , Berger Christopher M. , Morgan Theodore J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUnderstanding how thermal selection affects phenotypic distributions across different time scales will allow us to predict the effect of climate change on the fitness of ectotherms. We tested how seasonal temperature variation affects basal levels of cold tolerance and two types of phenotypic plasticity in Drosophila melanogaster. Developmental acclimation occurs as developmental stages of an organism are exposed to seasonal changes in temperature and its effect is irreversible, while reversible short‐term acclimation occurs daily in response to diurnal changes in temperature. We collected wild flies from a temperate population across seasons and measured two cold tolerance metrics (chill‐coma recovery and cold stress survival) and their responses to developmental and short‐term acclimation. Chill‐coma recovery responded to seasonal shifts in temperature, and phenotypic plasticity following both short‐term and developmental acclimation improved cold tolerance. This improvement indicated that both types of plasticity are adaptive, and that plasticity can compensate for genetic variation in basal cold tolerance during warmer parts of the season when flies tend to be less cold tolerant. We also observed a significantly stronger trade‐off between basal cold tolerance and short‐term acclimation during warmer months. For the longer‐term developmental acclimation, a trade‐off persisted regardless of season. A relationship between the two types of plasticity may provide additional insight into why some measures of thermal tolerance are more sensitive to seasonal variation than others.
Overview of surgery for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer in Ontario, 2003‐2010
Authors: Eskander Antoine , Mifsud Matthew , Irish Jonathan , Gullane Patrick , Gilbert Ralph , Brown Dale , de Almeida John R. , Urbach David R. , Goldstein David P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe primary purpose of this study was to describe variations in incidence rates, resections rates, and types of surgical resection for patients diagnosed with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers in Ontario.MethodsAll laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer cases in Ontario (2003‐2010) were identified from the Ontario Cancer Registry (n = 3034). Variations in incidence rates, resection rates, and type of surgical resection were compared by sex, age group, neighborhood income, community population, health region, and physician specialty.ResultsIncidence rates per 100 000 vary significantly by sex, age, neighborhood income, and community size. Women, the elderly (75+ years), those in the higher income quintiles, and those living in larger communities were significantly less likely to receive a laryngectomy procedure.ConclusionsLaryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer incidence rates vary by sex, age, neighborhood income, community size, and health region. Resection rates vary by age, sex, and health region. These disparities warrant further evaluation to improve the quality of delivered care in Ontario.
Thermosensitive heparin‐poloxamer hydrogels enhance the effects of GDNF on neuronal circuit remodeling and neuroprotection after spinal cord injury
Authors: Zhao Ying‐Zheng , Jiang Xi , Lin Qian , Xu He‐Lin , Huang Ya‐Dong , Lu Cui‐Tao , Cai Jun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTraumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) results in paraplegia or quadriplegia, and currently, therapeutic interventions for axonal regeneration after SCI are not clinically available. Animal studies have revealed that glial cell‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) plays multiple beneficial roles in neuroprotection, glial scarring remodeling, axon regeneration and remyelination in SCI. However, the poor physicochemical stability of GDNF, as well as its limited ability to cross the blood–spinal cord barrier, hampers the development of GDNF as an effective therapeutic intervention in clinical practice. In this study, a novel temperature‐sensitive heparin–poloxamer (HP) hydrogel with high GDNF‐binding affinity was developed. HP hydrogels showed a supporting scaffold for GDNF when it was injected into the lesion epicenter after SCI. GDNF‐HP by orthotopic injection on lesioned spinal cord promoted the beneficial effects of GDNF on neural stem cell proliferation, reactive astrogliosis inhibition, axonal regeneration or plasticity, neuroprotection against cell apoptosis, and body functional recovery. Most interestingly, GDNF demonstrated a bidirectional regulation of autophagy, which inhibited cell apoptosis at different stages of SCI. Furthermore, the HP hydrogel promoted the inhibition of autophagy‐induced apoptosis by GDNF in SCI. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2816–2829, 2017.
Effect of Alkyl Side Chains on the Photovoltaic Performance of 2,1,3‐Benzoxadiazole‐Based (‐X‐DADAD‐)n‐Type Copolymers
Authors: Klimovich Irina V. , Susarova Diana K. , Inasaridze Liana N. , Akkuratov Alexander V. , Chernyak Alexander. V. , Troshin Pavel A. 
Published: June 2017

A family of novel (X‐TATAT)n‐type conjugated polymers based on the carbazole (X), thiophene (T), and benzoxadiazole (A) moieties is designed and explored as electron‐donor materials for organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. Incorporation of the branched side chains of different size and shape affects significantly the optoelectronic properties of the materials, particularly frontier energy levels of polymers translated to the open circuit voltages of the photovoltaic cells. The revealed unprecedented correlation between the parameters of the solar cells (VOC, fill factor (FF), JSC) and bulkiness of the alkyl side chains provides useful guidelines for rational design of novel materials for organic photovoltaics.
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Genetic variation spectrum in ATP7B gene identified in Latvian patients with Wilson disease
Authors: Zarina Agnese , Tolmane Ieva , Kreile Madara , Chernushenko Aleksandrs , Cernevska Gunta , Pukite Ieva , Micule Ieva , Krumina Zita , Krumina Astrida , Rozentale Baiba , Piekuse Linda 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundWilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder of copper metabolism caused by allelic variants in ATP7B gene. More than 500 distinct variants have been reported, the most common WD causing allelic variant in the patients from Central, Eastern, and Northern Europe is H1069Q.MethodsAll Latvian patients with clinically confirmed WD were screened for the most common mutation p.H1069Q by PCR Bi‐PASA method. Direct DNA sequencing of gene ATP7B (all 21 exons) was performed for the patients with WD symptoms, being either heterozygous for H1069Q or without it on any allele.ResultsWe identified 15 different allelic variants along with eight non‐disease‐causing allelic variants. Based on the gene molecular analysis and patients' clinical data variant p.His1069Gln was found in 66.9% of WD alleles. Wide clinical variability was observed among individuals with the same ATP7B genotype. The results of our study confirm that neurological manifestations of WD are typically present later than the liver disease but no significant association between the presence/absence of the most common genetic variant and mode of initial WD presentation or age at presentation was identified.Conclusions(1) The most prevalent mutation in Latvian patients with Wilson disease was c.3207C>A (p.His1069Gln); (2) No significant phenotype–genotype correlation was found in Latvian patients with Wilson disease; (3) The estimated prevalence of Wilson disease in Latvia is 1 of 24,000 cases which is higher than frequently quoted prevalence of 1: 30,000.
Detection and diagnosis of colitis on computed tomography using deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Liu Jiamin , Wang David , Lu Le , Wei Zhuoshi , Kim Lauren , Turkbey Evrim B. , Sahiner Berkman , Petrick Nicholas A. , Summers Ronald M. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeColitis refers to inflammation of the inner lining of the colon that is frequently associated with infection and allergic reactions. In this paper, we propose deep convolutional neural networks methods for lesion‐level colitis detection and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier for patient‐level colitis diagnosis on routine abdominal CT scans.MethodsThe recently developed Faster Region‐based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster RCNN) is utilized for lesion‐level colitis detection. For each 2D slice, rectangular region proposals are generated by region proposal networks (RPN). Then, each region proposal is jointly classified and refined by a softmax classifier and bounding‐box regressor. Two convolutional neural networks, eight layers of ZF net and 16 layers of VGG net are compared for colitis detection. Finally, for each patient, the detections on all 2D slices are collected and a SVM classifier is applied to develop a patient‐level diagnosis. We trained and evaluated our method with 80 colitis patients and 80 normal cases using 4 × 4‐fold cross validation.ResultsFor lesion‐level colitis detection, with ZF net, the mean of average precisions (mAP) were 48.7% and 50.9% for RCNN and Faster RCNN, respectively. The detection system achieved sensitivities of 51.4% and 54.0% at two false positives per patient for RCNN and Faster RCNN, respectively. With VGG net, Faster RCNN increased the mAP to 56.9% and increased the sensitivity to 58.4% at two false positive per patient.For patient‐level colitis diagnosis, with ZF net, the average areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were 0.978 ± 0.009 and 0.984 ± 0.008 for RCNN and Faster RCNN method, respectively. The difference was not statistically significant with P = 0.18. At the optimal operating point, the RCNN method correctly identified 90.4% (72.3/80) of the colitis patients and 94.0% (75.2/80) of normal cases. The sensitivity improved to 91.6% (73.3/80) and the specificity improved to 95.0% (76.0/80) for the Faster RCNN method. With VGG net, Faster RCNN increased the AUC to 0.986 ± 0.007 and increased the diagnosis sensitivity to 93.7% (75.0/80) and specificity was unchanged at 95.0% (76.0/80).ConclusionColitis detection and diagnosis by deep convolutional neural networks is accurate and promising for future clinical application.
Adult prostatic sarcoma: A contemporary multicenter Rare Cancer Network study
Authors: De Bari Berardino , Stish Bradley , Ball Mark Wayne , Habboush Yacob , Sargos Paul , Krengli Marco , Bossi Alberto , Stabile Armando , Sole Pesutic Claudio , Lestrade Laëtitia , Smeenk Robert Jan , Jereczek‐Fossa Barbara Alicja , Zilli Thomas , Créhange Gilles , Alongi Filippo , Zaorsky Nicholas , Ozsahin Mahmut 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAdult prostatic sarcoma (PS) is a rare disease. While surgery is considered the standard approach, the role of other therapies is not completely established. We report results of the largest multicentric contemporary cohort of PS patients.Materials and MethodsThis study included 61 adult PS patients treated in 16 American and European Institutions. Median age was 64.4 years (range: 22‐87). Curative surgery was delivered in 48 patients (prostatectomy = 26, cystoprostatectomy = 22), usually with lymphadenectomy (n = 40). Curative radiotherapy (RT) was delivered in 32 patients, as radical (n = 5), neoadjuvant (n = 10), or postoperative treatment (n = 17). Eighteen patients received chemotherapy. None of the patients received hormonal therapy.ResultsMedian follow‐up was 72 months (95%CI: 55‐not reached). Five‐year local control (LC), overall survival (OS), cancer‐specific survival, disease‐free survival, and metastases‐free rates were 47%, 53%, 56%, 35%, and 35%, respectively. Notably, curative RT (neoadjuvant, adjuvant, or definitive) was associated with improved 5‐year LC (55% vs. 31%, P = 0.02) and OS (59% vs. 46%, P = 0.1). Surgically treated patients presenting with a cT3‐4 tumor (n = 31), who received RT (n = 24), had a significantly improved 5‐year LC (68% vs, 33%, P = 0.004) and OS (65% vs. 21%, P < 0.001) rates compared to patients not receiving RT. cT4 patients demonstrated a significantly lower 5‐year OS (43% vs. 61%, P = 0.006) and LC (29% vs. 69%, P < 0.001) rates. Histologic subtype was not associated with LC and OS, but patients with prostatic stromal sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, or sarcomatoid carcinoma had worse 5‐year LC compared to other types (47% vs. 55%) and OS (49% vs. 58%).ConclusionAdult PS has a poor prognosis. Locally advanced tumors have poor LC and OS rates. Curative RT should be considered part of the multidisciplinary approach to PS.
Prognosis After Sublobar Resection of Small‐sized Non‐small Cell Lung Cancer with Visceral Pleural or Lymphovascular Invasion
Authors: Moon Youngkyu , Lee Kyo Young , Park Jae Kil 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough standard surgical treatment of stage I non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lobectomy, sublobar resection may be elected for small‐sized (≤2 cm) peripheral tumors. Our aim was examine the need for completion lobectomy in the event of confirmed pleural or lymphovascular invasion after sublobar resection of NSCLC.MethodsA total of 271 consecutive patients undergoing curative resection of stage I NSCLC ≤2 cm were reviewed retrospectively, analyzing clinicopathologic findings and survival times of those with invasion‐positive (visceral pleural or lymphovascular invasion) or invasion‐negative (neither visceral pleural nor lymphovascular invasion) tumors by surgical approach (sublobar resection vs lobectomy).ResultsAside from age and pulmonary function, clinicopathologic characteristics of the patient subsets did not differ significantly, nor did 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rates of surgical subsets (sublobar resection vs lobectomy) in respective tumor groups (invasion‐positive 78.9 vs 79.8%, p = 0.928; invasion‐negative 80.2 vs 85.4%, p = 0.505). In multivariate analysis, dissected lymph node count was the sole parameter significantly impacting recurrence of stage I invasion‐positive NSCLC (hazard ratio = 0.914, 95% confidence interval 0.845–0.988; p = 0.023). Sublobar resection was not a risk factor for recurrence.ConclusionsSurvival rates for patients with small‐sized (≤2 cm) NSCLC and visceral pleural or lymphovascular invasion did not differ significantly, whether sublobar resection or lobectomy was done. Hence, completion lobectomy is unnecessary in this setting.
Development of Nanoemulsion of Silicone Oil and Pine Oil Using Binary Surfactant System for Textile Finishing
Authors: Pukale Dipak D. , Bansode Archana S. , Pinjari Dipak V. , Sayed Usha , Kulkarni Rahul R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNanoemulsions of silicone oil and pine oil using a binary surfactant system were prepared. Silicone oil and pine oil were used to achieve softness and mosquito repellency and antibacterial activity respectively when the nanoemulsion was applied on the fabric. A silicone surfactant (AG‐pt) and a hydrocarbon surfactant (TDA‐6) were used in different proportions to obtain stable nanoemulsions at the lowest possible droplet size. The various emulsification process variables such as ratio of hydrocarbon to silicone surfactant, surfactant concentration, ratio of silicone oil to pine oil, oil weight fraction and sonication time have been studied. The optimal variables include the ratio of hydrocarbon to silicone surfactant of 80:20, surfactant concentration of 8%, ratio of silicone oil to pine oil of 80:20, oil weight fraction of 20% and 15 min of sonication time at 40% of the applied power. Nanoemulsions were found to be very stable with emulsion droplet size around 41 nm. In order to compare different emulsification techniques, emulsions were also prepared using the conventional method. Emulsions analyzed using SEM showed spherical droplets ranging from 40 to 120 nm. Atomic force microscopy was used to evaluate the bounciness, fluffiness and softness of fabric. From this study, it was found that stable nanoemulsion with a lowest possible droplet size of silicone and pine oil could be prepared by ultrasonic emulsification technique in order to deliver multiple properties when applied to fabric.
Purification, characterization and retting of Crotolaria juncea fibres by an alkaline pectin lyase from Fusarium oxysporum MTCC 1755
Authors: Yadav S. , Maurya S. K. , Anand G. , Dwivedi R. , Yadav D. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Using solid-state fermentation, production of an industrially important pectin lyase from a fungal strain Fusarium oxysporum MTCC 1755 was attempted, which was further subjected to purification and characterization. The enzyme was purified by three steps, namely ammonium sulfate fractionation, cation-exchange chromatography on CM cellulose followed by gel filtration chromatography using Sephadex G-100 column. A 16-fold purification with 31.2% yield and 3.2 U/mg specific activity was achieved. The optimum pH of the purified enzyme was 9.0 and stability ranged from pH 5.0–7.0 for 24 h. Optimum temperature of purified enzyme was found to be 40 °C while temperature stability ranged from 10 to 50 °C for 30 min. The K
m and k
cat of the enzyme was 1.75 mg/ml and 83.3 s−1, respectively. The purified enzyme was found to be highly stimulated by Ca2+ ions while sugars like mannitol and sorbitol, and salts like NaCl and CaCl2 enhanced the thermostability. The purified pectin lyase was found suitable for retting of Crotolaria juncea fiber.
Solid-state fermentation for production of a bioherbicide from Diaporthe sp. and its formulation to enhance the efficacy
Authors: Bastos Bruna de Oliveira , Deobald Gabriel Antônio , Brun Thiarles , Dal Prá Valéria , Junges Emanuele , Kuhn Raquel C. , Pinto Aniela Kempka , Mazutti Marcio A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this study, a bioherbicide was produced by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using Diaporthe sp. Adjuvants were employed in a formulation to enhance the herbicidal activity towards the target (Cucumis sativus). The study was divided into two steps: (1) the fermentation condition for bioherbicide production was assessed; (2) evaluation of different formulations containing palm oil, Tween® 80 and Span® 80, in order to increase phytotoxicity. In step 1, the maximum herbicidal activity (1.23% of the leaves had lesions) was obtained at 25 °C, moisture content of 50 wt%, supplemented with 10 wt% of corn steep liquor and soybean bran and inoculum density of 15 wt%. In step 2, the formulation containing 8.2 wt% of palm oil, 8.2 wt% of Tween® 80 and Span® 80, resulting in an HLB of 12.8 showed the highest phytotoxicity on the leaves. At this condition, dry matter and height of target were reduced about 36% in comparison with control. Diaporthe sp. has the potential to produce molecules with herbicidal activity and the use of adjuvants enhanced three times its efficiency.