bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Castidad o castigo. El estupro de las Vestales como símbolo de desorden social en Roma.
Authors: Montalbán Carmona Juan Antonio 
Published: November 2016

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo tratar el sacerdocio de las vestales desde la perspectiva de la virginidad y castidad de las sacerdotisas y su relación con el bienestar de la comunidad. La base principal del estudio es la revisión de las fuentes primarias y secundarias. Se destacarán las consecuentes desgracias que acaecían en caso de incumplimiento de su voto de castidad, con la imperiosa necesidad de realizar ritos expiatorios para acabar con el prodigium y buscar nuevamente la pax deorum. El estudio de las sacerdotisas de Vesta cuenta con una largahistoriografía, remontándose los primeros trabajos con valor historiográfico a la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. A pesar de que muchos autores han tratado este sacerdocio, ciertamente no encontramos una gran cantidad de estudios dedicados exclusivamente a las vestales.
The aim of this article is to approach the priesthood of the vestal virgins from the perspective of the priestesses’ virginity and chastity and their connection with the community well-being. The main aim of our study is the revision of the primary and secondary sources. Unfortunate consequences they suffered in case of failure of their chastity vow, with the pressing need to make expiatory rites to finish prodigies and search again the pax deorum, are going to be emphasized in the present study. The study of Vesta’s priestesses has a considerable historiography. The earliest studies with a significant value date back to the second half of the 19th century. Although many authors have approached this priesthood, the truth is that we can’t find a large number of studies exclusively about the vestals.
La Historia antigua en la Biblioteca de Focio.
Authors: Posadas Sánchez Juan Luis 
Published: November 2016

En este artículo analizamos las referencias a obras históricas en la Biblioteca de Focio, dos veces patriarca de Constantinopla, autor polígrafo del siglo IX de nuestra era. En nuestro análisis veremos cómo los gustos historiográficos de Focio –y por extensión de todos los estudiosos bizantinos de la época- se decantaban por las historias escritas de manera lineal, sin demasiados datos, con una narrativa fundamentalmente descriptiva. También conoceremos que en esa época se podían encontrar aún copias completas de autores como Diodoro de Sicilia. Focio se presenta así, como un autor de conocimiento inexcusable tanto para los historiadores de la Antigüedad, comopara los interesados en la historiografía antigua.
In this paper, we study the references to historical books present in the Bibliotheca of Photius, twice a Patriarch of Constantinople, and a prolific writer of the 9th Century. In our study, we shall see the historiographic interests of Photius, mainly the lineal writing with not too many facts in them and a descriptive narrative. We shall know that in his age, books already unknown for us were at disposal, at least in Constantinople. Photius is an author to be known and read for both, historians and people interested in writing of History.
I Congreso Internacional “Creando ciudadanos, construyendo identidades. El uso del patrimonio material e inmaterial en la enseñanza de la historia.”
Authors: Díaz Serrano José , Escribano Miralles Ainoa , Ponce Gea Ana Isabel , Verdú González David 
Published: November 2016

Estas palabras, que forman parte del discurso que el profesor Dr. D. Joaquim Prats utilizó como Lectio en su investidura como Doctor Honoris Causa de la Universidad de Murcia, sirvieron de cierre al “I Congreso Internacional Creando Ciudadanos, Construyendo Identidades. El uso del patrimonio material e inmaterial en la enseñanza de la historia”, que se desarrolló entre los días 26 y 29 de abril de 2016 en la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Murcia. El congreso fue organizado por el grupo de investigación DICSO, perteneciente al Departamento de Didáctica de las Ciencias Matemáticas y Sociales de la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Murcia, y vino avalado por la labor investigadora realizada gracias al proyecto “La formación en identidad regional en ciencias sociales a partir del patrimonio inmaterial. Aplicaciones didácticas para Educación Secundaria Obligatoria”, financiado por la Fundación Séneca de Murcia.
These words, which are part of the speech that Professor Dr. D. Joaquim Prats used as Lectio in his investiture as Doctor Honoris Causa of the University of Murcia, served as a closing to the “I International Congress Creating Citizens, Building Identities. The use of tangible and intangible heritage in the teaching of history ”, which took place between April 26 and 29, 2016 at the Faculty of Education of the University of Murcia. The congress was organized by the DICSO research group, belonging to the Department of Didactics of Mathematical and Social Sciences of the Faculty of Education of the University of Murcia, and was endorsed by the research work carried out thanks to the project "Training in regional identity in social sciences from intangible heritage. Didactic applications for Compulsory Secondary Education ”, financed by the Seneca de Murcia Foundation.
Design, experimental verification, and analysis of a 1.8-V-input-range voltage-to-current converter using source degeneration for low-noise multimodal CMOS biosensor array
Authors: Niitsu Kiichi , Ikeda Kei , Muto Keita , Nakazato Kazuo 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
A multimodal complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) biosensor array manufactured using measurement methods such as potentiometry, amperometry, and impedimetry improves its cost competitiveness and measurement accuracy. In addition, it provides a wider range of application because it can obtain signals from multiple aspects. To develop high-signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) multimodal biosensor arrays, time-domain current integration was proposed in the literature and found to be effective. In addition to amperometry and impedimetry, it is possible to perform current integration using the potentiometry output by employing a voltage-to-current converter (VCC). However, a conventional VCC with a fixed transconductance mode does not provide a sufficient input range (<0.6 V) and its noise property has not been investigated. In this work, we investigate the design and noise property of a newly proposed VCC with source degeneration that enhances the input range. For evaluating the proposed method, a test chip was fabricated in a 0.6 µm CMOS. The measured results successfully demonstrate that the input range was enhanced from 0.6 to 1.8 V. Autonomous current limitation was also confirmed. The measured total input-referred noise was 0.445 mV (from 10 Hz to 10 kHz, assuming current integration at every 1 ms).
Hypothesis onSerenoa repens(Bartram) small extract inhibition of prostatic 5α-reductase through anin silicoapproach on 5β-reductase x-ray structure
Authors: Governa Paolo , Giachetti Daniela , Biagi Marco , Manetti Fabrizio , De Vico Luca 
Published: November 2016

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common disease in men aged over 50 years old, with an incidence increasing to more than 80% over the age of 70, that is increasingly going to attract pharmaceutical interest. Within conventional therapies, such asα-adrenoreceptor antagonists and 5α-reductase inhibitor, there is a large requirement for treatments with less adverse events on, e.g., blood pressure and sexual function: phytotherapy may be the right way to fill this need.Serenoa repensstandardized extract has been widely studied and its ability to reduce lower urinary tract symptoms related to benign prostatic hyperplasia is comprehensively described in literature. An innovative investigation on the mechanism of inhibition of 5α-reductase bySerenoa repensextract active principles is proposed in this work through computational methods, performing molecular docking simulations on the crystal structure of human liver 5β-reductase. The results confirm that both sterols and fatty acids can play a role in the inhibition of the enzyme, thus, suggesting a competitive mechanism of inhibition. This work proposes a further confirmation for the rational use of herbal products in the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia, and suggests computational methods as an innovative, low cost, and non-invasive process for the study of phytocomplex activity toward proteic targets.
A preliminary identification ofRf*-A619, a novel restorer gene for CMS-C in maize (Zea maysL.)
Authors: Yongming Liu , Zhuofan Zhao , Yanli Lu , Chuan Li , Jing Wang , Boxiao Dong , Bing Liang , Tao Qiu , Wenbing Zeng , Moju Cao 
Published: November 2016

C-type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS-C) is widely utilized for hybrid maize seed production. However, genetic mechanisms underlying the fertility restoration are very complicated. At present, there is a divergence on the number of fertility restorer genes in maize inbred line A619 for CMS-C. To further elucidate the restoring mechanism of A619, we used genetic analysis and molecular markers to confirm the restorer genes of maize inbred line A619 for C-type male sterile line C48-2 in this study. Firstly, the fertility segregations of (C48-2 × A619)F2populations were investigated under three environments during 2013–2015. The segregation ratio of fertile and sterile plants in the F2population fit to 15:1 via chi-square test and this result suggested that there are two dominant restorer genes in A619 for CMS-C, i.e.,Rf4and a novel gene namedRf*-A619. Next, based on the sequence differences betweenRf4and its recessive allelicrf4, a novel dominant marker F2/R2 was developed and validated to genotypingRf4in the F2population. Through genotypic analysis, we found that there were a certain amount of fertile individuals withoutRf4which accounted for 3/16 in the F2population via chi-square test at the 0.05 level. These results provided another proof to sustain that the inbred line A619 contains one additional restorer gene for CMS-C fertility restoration exceptRf4. At last, we used one SSR marker which is tightly linked with the dominant restorer geneRf5to analyze those fertile plants withoutRf4in the F2population. The PCR amplification results showed thatRf*-A619is not allelic toRf5but a novel restorer gene for CMS-C. These results not only provide a basis for the mapping and characterization of a novel restorer gene but also give a new insight into the mechanism of CMS-C fertility restoration.
Seismic imaging of the metamorphism of young sediment into new crystalline crust in the actively rifting Imperial Valley, California
Authors: Han Liang , Hole John A. , Stock Joann M. , Fuis Gary S. , Williams Colin F. , Delph Jonathan R. , Davenport Kathy K. , Livers Amanda J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPlate‐boundary rifting between transform faults is opening the Imperial Valley of southern California and the rift is rapidly filling with sediment from the Colorado River. Three 65–90 km long seismic refraction profiles across and along the valley, acquired as part of the 2011 Salton Seismic Imaging Project, were analyzed to constrain upper crustal structure and the transition from sediment to underlying crystalline rock. Both first arrival travel‐time tomography and frequency‐domain full‐waveform inversion were applied to provide P‐wave velocity models down to ∼7 km depth. The valley margins are fault‐bounded, beyond which thinner sediment has been deposited on preexisting crystalline rocks. Within the central basin, seismic velocity increases continuously from ∼1.8 km/s sediment at the surface to >6 km/s crystalline rock with no sharp discontinuity. Borehole data show young sediment is progressively metamorphosed into crystalline rock. The seismic velocity gradient with depth decreases approximately at the 4 km/s contour, which coincides with changes in the porosity and density gradient in borehole core samples. This change occurs at ∼3 km depth in most of the valley, but at only ∼1.5 km depth in the Salton Sea geothermal field. We interpret progressive metamorphism caused by high heat flow to be creating new crystalline crust throughout the valley at a rate comparable to the ≥2 km/Myr sedimentation rate. The newly formed crystalline crust extends to at least 7–8 km depth, and it is shallower and faster where heat flow is higher. Most of the active seismicity occurs within this new crust.
Rapid ice flow rearrangement induced by subglacial drainage in West Antarctica
Authors: Elsworth Cooper W. , Suckale Jenny 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIce streams are corridors of rapid ice flow draining the ice sheets. They can exhibit astonishing spatial variability on annual to centennial time scales. We propose that changes in the subglacial drainage of meltwater could induce these sudden rearrangements of ice streams. We develop a two‐dimensional, thermomechanical model representing an ice stream cross section and couple it to a plastically deforming bed with spatially variable meltwater influx. We find that where ice flows over deformable sediments and lacks significant topographic control, the efficiency of subglacial water drainage exerts direct control on the velocity, location, and width of ice streams. This implies that meltwater percolation at the meter scale could have a significant effect on the short‐term variability in ice loss from a continental‐scale ice sheet. We verify our model against previous analytical results and validate it against surface observations from the Siple Coast of West Antarctica.
Assessing the level of spatial homogeneity of the agronomic Indian monsoon onset
Authors: Fitzpatrick Rory G. J. , Parker Douglas J. , Willetts Peter D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOver monsoon regions, such as the Indian subcontinent, the local onset of persistent rainfall is a crucial event in the annual climate for agricultural planning. Recent work suggested that local onset dates are spatially coherent to a practical level over West Africa; a similar assessment is undertaken here for the Indian subcontinent. Areas of coherent onset, defined as local onset regions or LORs, exist over the studied region. These LORs are significant up to the 95% confidence interval and are primarily clustered around the Arabian Sea (adjacent to and extending over the Western Ghats), the Monsoon Trough (north central India), and the Bay of Bengal. These LORs capture regions where synoptic scale controls of onset may be present and identifiable. In other regions, the absence of LORs is indicative of regions where local and stochastic factors may dominate onset. A potential link between sea surface temperature anomalies and LOR variability is presented. Finally, Kerala, which is often used as a representative onset location, is not contained within an LOR suggesting that variability here may not be representative of wider onset variability.
Winter crop CO2 uptake inferred from CONTRAIL measurements over Delhi, India
Authors: Umezawa Taku , Niwa Yosuke , Sawa Yousuke , Machida Toshinobu , Matsueda Hidekazu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractRecent studies have shown the impact of expanding agricultural activities on atmospheric CO2 variations and the global carbon cycle. In this study, we show clear evidence of the measureable impact of Indian wintertime crops (mainly wheat) on the regional carbon budget using high‐frequency atmospheric CO2 measurements by Comprehensive Observation Network for Trace gases by Airliners (CONTRAIL) over Delhi; this phenomenon is not detected by the existing network of surface CO2 sites. While a general increase in the vertical profiles of CO2 toward the ground in the boundary layer was observed throughout December–April, we frequently observed sharp decreases below 2 km during January–March. Seasonal circulations during these 3 months indicated influences from neighboring croplands (with patchy urban areas) located upwind. We conclude that the observed CO2 decrease is attributable to active uptake by the crops grown in winter and that the uptake exceeds in magnitude the urban CO2 emissions from the Delhi metropolitan area.
Electromagnetic evidence for volatile‐rich upwelling beneath the society hotspot, French Polynesia
Authors: Tada Noriko , Tarits Pascal , Baba Kiyoshi , Utada Hisashi , Kasaya Takafumi , Suetsugu Daisuke 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe have conducted a seafloor magnetotelluric survey that images, for the first time, three‐dimensional electrical conductivity structure in the upper mantle beneath the Society hotspot. A striking feature in our model is a high‐conductivity anomaly a few hundred kilometers in diameter, which is continuous from the lowest part of the upper mantle to a depth of approximately 50 km below sea level. Using theoretical and experimental results from mineral physics, we interpret the high‐conductivity anomaly as evidence of the melt fraction up to 2.2 vol.%, which is robust regardless of assumed temperature, and the existence of carbonated silicate melt beneath the hotspot. Our results suggest that the Society hotspot is a pathway for ascending volatiles from the deeper part of the upper mantle to the surface.
Accelerated ice shelf rifting and retreat at Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica
Authors: Jeong Seongsu , Howat Ian M. , Bassis Jeremy N. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPine Island Glacier has undergone several major iceberg calving events over the past decades. These typically occurred when a rift at the heavily fractured shear margin propagated across the width of the ice shelf. This type of calving is common on polar ice shelves, with no clear connection to ocean‐ice dynamic forcing. In contrast, we report on the recent development of multiple rifts initiating from basal crevasses in the center of the ice shelf, resulted in calving further upglacier than previously observed. Coincident with rift formation was the sudden disintegration of the ice mélange that filled the northern shear margin, resulting in ice sheet detachment from this margin. Examination of ice velocity suggests that this internal rifting resulted from the combination of a change in ice shelf stress regime caused by disintegration of the mélange and intensified melting within basal crevasses, both of which may be linked to ocean forcing.
Flow‐to‐fracture transition in a volcanic mush plug may govern normal eruptions at Stromboli
Authors: Suckale J. , Keller T. , Cashman K. V. , Persson P.‐O. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStromboli is a model volcano for studying eruptions driven by degassing. The current paradigm posits that Strombolian eruptions represent the bursting of gas slugs ascending through melt‐filled conduits, but petrological observations show that magma at shallow depth is crystalline enough to form a three‐phase plug consisting of crystals, bubbles, and melt. We combine a 1‐D model of gas flushing a crystalline mush with a 3‐D stress model. Our results suggest that localized gas segregation establishes hot conduits of mobile magma within a stagnant plug. The plug is prone to tensile failure controlled by gas overpressure and tectonic stress, with failure most likely beneath the observed vent locations. We hence argue that Strombolian eruptions are related to plug failure rather than flow. Our proposed three‐phase model of the shallow plumbing system may provide a promising framework for integrating geophysical, petrological, and morphological observations at Stromboli and in open‐system volcanism more generally.
MAVEN NGIMS observations of atmospheric gravity waves in the Martian thermosphere
Authors: England S. L. , Liu G. , Yiğit E. , Mahaffy P. R. , Elrod M. , Benna M. , Nakagawa H. , Terada N. , Jakosky B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGravity waves have a significant impact on both the dynamics and energy budget of the Martian thermosphere. Strong density variations of spatial scales indicative of gravity waves have previously been identified in this region by using in situ observations. Here we use observations from the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) mass spectrometer on Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN Mission to identify such waves in the observations of different atmospheric species. The wave signatures seen in CO2 and Ar are almost identical, whereas the wave signature seen in N2, which is lighter and has a larger scale height, is generally smaller in amplitude and slightly out of phase with those seen in CO2 and Ar. Examination of the observed wave properties in these three species suggests that relatively long vertical wavelength atmospheric gravity waves are the likely source of the waves seen by NGIMS in the upper thermosphere. A two‐fluid linear model of the wave perturbations in CO2 and N2 has been used to find the best fit intrinsic wave parameters that match the observed features in these two species. We report the first observationally based estimate of the heating and cooling rates of the Martian thermosphere created by the waves observed in this region. The observed wave density amplitudes are anticorrelated with the background atmospheric temperature. The estimated heating rates show a weak positive correlation with the wave amplitude, whereas the cooling rates show a clearer negative correlation with the wave amplitude. Our estimates support previous model‐based findings that atmospheric gravity waves are a significant source of both heating and cooling.
Dynamics of axial torsional libration under the mantle‐inner core gravitational interaction
Authors: Chao B. F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe aims of this paper are (i) formulating the dynamics of the mantle‐inner core gravitational (MICG) interaction in terms of the spherical‐harmonic multipoles of mass density. The modeled MICG system is composed of two concentric rigid bodies (mantle and inner core) of near‐spherical but otherwise heterogeneous configuration, with a fluid outer core in between playing a passive role. We derive the general equation of motion for the vector rotation but only focus on the polar component that describes the MICG axial torsional libration. The torsion constant and hence the square of the natural frequency of the libration is proportional to the product of the equatorial ellipticities of the mantle and inner‐core geoid embodied in their multipoles (of two different types) of degree 2 and order 2 (such as the Large Low‐Shear‐Velocity Provinces above the core‐mantle boundary) and (ii) studying the geophysical implications upon equating the said MICG libration to the steady 6 year oscillation that are observed in the Earth's spin rate or the length‐of‐day variation (ΔLOD). In particular, the MICG torsion constant is found to be
= CIC σz2 ≈ 6.5 × 1019 N m, while the inner core's (BIC − AIC) ≈ 1.08 × 1031 kg m2 gives the inner core triaxiality (BIC − AIC)/CIC ≈ 1.8 × 10−4, about 8 times the whole‐Earth value. It is also asserted that the required inner‐core ellipticity amounts to no more than ~140 m in geoid height, much smaller than the sensitivity required for the seismic wave travel time to resolve the variation of the inner core.