bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel miniature robotic guidance device for stereotactic neurosurgical interventions: preliminary experience with the iSYS1 robot
Authors: Minchev Georgi , Kronreif Gernot , Martínez-Moreno Mauricio , Dorfer Christian , Micko Alexander , Mert Aygül , Kiesel Barbara , Widhalm Georg , Knosp Engelbert , Wolfsberger Stefan 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Robotic devices have recently been introduced in stereotactic neurosurgery in order to overcome the limitations of frame-based and frameless techniques in terms of accuracy and safety. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of the novel, miniature, iSYS1 robotic guidance device in stereotactic neurosurgery.

METHODS
A preclinical phantom trial was conducted to compare the accuracy and duration of needle positioning between the robotic and manual technique in 162 cadaver biopsies. Second, 25 consecutive cases of tumor biopsies and intracranial catheter placements were performed with robotic guidance to evaluate the feasibility, accuracy, and duration of system setup and application in a clinical setting.

RESULTS
The preclinical phantom trial revealed a mean target error of 0.6 mm (range 0.1–0.9 mm) for robotic guidance versus 1.2 mm (range 0.1–2.6 mm) for manual positioning of the biopsy needle (p < 0.001). The mean duration was 2.6 minutes (range 1.3–5.5 minutes) with robotic guidance versus 3.7 minutes (range 2.0–10.5 minutes) with manual positioning (p < 0.001). Clinical application of the iSYS1 robotic guidance device was feasible in all but 1 case. The median real target error was 1.3 mm (range 0.2–2.6 mm) at entry and 0.9 mm (range 0.0–3.1 mm) at the target point. The median setup and instrument positioning times were 11.8 minutes (range 4.2–26.7 minutes) and 4.9 minutes (range 3.1–14.0 minutes), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
According to the preclinical data, application of the iSYS1 robot can significantly improve accuracy and reduce instrument positioning time. During clinical application, the robot proved its high accuracy, short setup time, and short instrument positioning time, as well as demonstrating a short learning curve.
The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve canal
Authors: Hanna Amgad 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Meralgia paresthetica causes dysesthesias and burning in the anterolateral thigh. Surgical treatment includes nerve transection or decompression. Finding the nerve in surgery is very challenging. The author conducted a cadaveric study to better understand the variations in the anatomy of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN).

METHODS
Twenty embalmed cadavers were used for this study. The author studied the LFCN's relationship to different fascial planes, and the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS).

RESULTS
A complete fascial canal was found to surround the nerve completely in all specimens. The canal starts at the inguinal ligament proximally and follows the nerve beyond its terminal branches. The nerve could be anywhere from 6.5 cm medial to the ASIS to 6 cm lateral to the ASIS. In the latter case, the nerve may lodge in a groove in the iliac crest. Other anatomical variations found were the LFCN arising from the femoral nerve, and a duplicated nerve. A thick nerve was found in 1 case in which it was riding over the ASIS.

CONCLUSIONS
The variability in the course of the LFCN can create difficulty in surgical exposure. The newly defined LFCN canal renders exposure even more challenging. This calls for high-resolution pre- or intraoperative imaging for better localization of the nerve.
A decision-making guide for the closure of myelomeningocele skin defects with or without primary repair
Authors: Kemaloğlu Cemal Alper , Özyazgan İrfan , Ünverdi Ömer Faruk 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
The closure of the skin defect in myelomeningocele (MMC) repair is an essential step that determines the quality of the surgical result. The success of surgical results is related to the decision to use the most suitable techniques, namely flaps or primary closure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a decision-making guide to determine whether to use primary repair or a flap for the closure of skin defects that occur in MMC.

METHODS
Fifty patients underwent surgery after neurosurgical repair and closure of the placode. A simple guide was generated according to the defect height/width and posterior axillary lines/defect width ratio. These 2 ratios were considered to determine which closure technique (with or without primary repair) should be used for the MMC defect reconstruction.

RESULTS
By using this decision-making guide, 20 of the defects were repaired with various flaps, and those of the remaining 30 patients were repaired with primary closure. In all patients, a successful tension-free 1-stage closure was obtained. Except for 4 patients who had flap reconstruction with partial flap necrosis or minimal flap tip necrosis, healing was uneventful without any complications. There were no additional wound complications during the mean follow-up of 6.8 years (range 5 months to 14 years).

CONCLUSIONS
Because of various defect sizes and patient characteristics, no single protocol exists for the reconstruction of MMC defects. The guide suggested here might be effective in deciding which method is suitable for closure of MMC skin defects.
Incorporation of Sexual Violence in Nursing Curricula Using Trauma-Informed Care: A Case Study
Authors: LoGiudice Jenna A. , Douglas Sherifa 
Published: April 2016

Background:
One in five women will experience sexual violence in their lifetime. As a consequence of this violence, survivors face health care concerns such as depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and gynecologic problems. Nurses are at the forefront of health care delivery to survivors of sexual violence, yet literature about nursing curricula addressing sexual violence is scant.

Method:
A holistic, single-case study from a student survivor about the impact of sexual violence, being taught from a trauma-informed care perspective, is presented.

Results:
The powerful case study highlights the personal and professional benefits stemming from a sexual violence curriculum being taught from a trauma-informed care lens. The student survivor reports personal growth and an understanding of herself, as well as a new framework with which to care for patients who have experienced sexual violence.

Conclusion:

In preparation to deliver care to sexual violence survivors, students must be educated about the prevalence, long-term sequela, and health care needs of survivors, which can be effectively done using the model of trauma-informed care. The student's case suggests that discussing sexual violence is imperative for one's own healing and contribution to the nursing profession. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(4):215–219.]
Evaluating Usefulness of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid induced Fluorescence to guide Biopsy of Oral Cancers and Premalignant Lesions
Authors: Merchant Shuaib , Ramachandra Manaswini , Mohiyuddin SM Azeem , Suresh TN , Sagayaraj A 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Oral carcinoma prevalence is high in Kolar owing to tobacco chewing habit. The patients may have premalignant lesions all over oral cavity (field cancerization) making it difficult to select ideal biopsy site. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) induced fluorescence helps to demarcate lesions beyond visible margin and helps to choose biopsy site.

Objectives
To perform separate biopsies from the visible and fluorescent margins of malignant/premalignant lesions of oral cavity following staining with 5- ALA and determine if microscopic tumor extends beyond visible margin.

Materials and methods
Our study included 50 patients with oral carcinoma/ premalignant lesions. Biopsies were taken from visible and fluorescence margins following incubation period of 3 hours post rinsing with 5-ALA solution. Specimens subjected to histopathological examination for detection of malignant cells. Usefulness of 5-ALA was documented by evaluating sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and diagnostic accuracy.

Results
Fifty patients with age ranging from 33 to 78 years showed female predominance—4:1. Forty-seven patients noted fluorescence beyond visible margin. Tongue malignancies showed maximum extension. Diagnostic sensitivity with 5-ALA was 95.74% and specificity was 100%. Positive and negative predictive values were 100 and 60% respectively. 5-ALA's diagnostic accuracy was determined to be 96%.

Conclusion
Majority patients showed microscopic tumor extension beyond visible margin. 5-ALA staining helps in determining the true extent of lesion as Protoporphyrin IX accumulation in malignant cells shows fluorescence. This helps in guiding biopsies in field cancerization and adequate surgical tumor clearance thereby improving locoregional control.

How to cite this article
Ramachandra M, Mohiyuddin SMA, Suresh TN, Sagayaraj A, Merchant S. Evaluating Usefulness of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid induced Fluorescence to guide Biopsy of Oral Cancers and Premalignant Lesions. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(2):64-68.
Effectiveness of Supraomohyoid Neck Dissection in Oral Cancers with N1 Neck
Authors: Merchant Shuaib , Mohiyuddin SM Azeem , Suresh TN , Sagayaraj A , Harshita TR 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Aim
Lymph node metastasis in squamous carcinoma of oral cavity carries poor prognosis. Majority of patients in our country present with locally advanced malignancy which has high incidence of micrometastasis. A comprehensive neck dissection in patients with N0 and N1 neck is overkill with resultant morbidity. Lymph node metastasis from oral cavity has predictable pattern. Supraomohyoid neck dissection (SOND) is a one stage treatment and staging procedure in patients with locally advanced oral cancer with N0 and N1 neck.

Materials and methods
We are presenting a series of 117 patients with malignancy of oral cavity with N1 neck who underwent SOND, majority involved buccal mucosa. Among the 117 patients who were clinical N1 cases, 53 (45.3%) were found to have positive nodes on histopathology and 64 (54.7%) were false. Level I lymph node metastasis (77.3%) was seen in majority of the oral cancers. After mean follow-up of 30 months, 71 patients are alive and disease-free, twelve patients had local and six (5.1%) had nodal recurrences.

Conclusion
Supraomohyoid neck dissection in locally advanced oral malignancies with N1 neck, carries low morbidity and complications and is effective substitute for modified radical neck dissection in suitable cases. Postoperative radiotherapy improves the outcome.

How to cite this article
Harshita TR, Mohiyuddin SMA, Sagayaraj A, Suresh TN, Merchant S. Effectiveness of Supraomohyoid Neck Dissection in Oral Cancers with N1 Neck. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(2):73-75.
The Validation of the MicroSnap Total for Enumeration of Total Viable Count in a Variety of Foods
Authors: Meighan Paul , Smith Mat , Datta Shreya , Katz Brandon , Nason Fred 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Hygiena's MicroSnap™ Total enables rapid enumeration of total viable count (TVC) within an 8 h working shift. The method measures the biomarker adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which develops a light signal proportional to the concentration of biomarker discovered. The two-step assay determines ATP concentration and hence the concentration of bacteria in the sample at the onset of the growth phase. In the first phase, the sample is enriched in a broth containing ATP-depleting enzymes that reduce background ATP from sample matrixes. After the 7 h enrichment phase, an aliquot is taken from the Enrichment Device using a built-in pipet and transferred into a secondary Detection Device. The Detection Device is then activated and measured as relative light units in a Hygiena luminometer for quantitative results in just 15 s. This study measures and compares the natural TVC from five sample matrixes: raw ground beef, raw milk, lettuce, raw chicken, and freshly produced cream cake. MicroSnap Total successfully enumerates TVC from all samples over an average range of log 2.00–6.50; equivalence is demonstrated by an overall r2 value of 0.9184.
Factors associated with initiation of antiretroviral therapy in the advanced stages of HIV infection in six Ethiopian HIV clinics, 2012 to 2013
Authors: Nash Denis , Tymejczyk Olga , Gadisa Tsigereda , Kulkarni Sarah Gorrell , Hoffman Susie , Yigzaw Muluneh , Elul Batya , Remien Robert H , Lahuerta Maria , Daba Shalo , El Sadr Wafaa , Melaku Zenebe 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionMost HIV‐positive persons in sub‐Saharan Africa initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) with advanced infection (late ART initiation). Intervening on the drivers of late ART initiation is a critical step towards achieving the full potential of HIV treatment scale‐up. This study aimed to identify modifiable factors associated with late ART initiation in Ethiopia.MethodsFrom 2012 to 2013, Ethiopian adults (n=1180) were interviewed within two weeks of ART initiation. Interview data were merged with HIV care histories to assess correlates of late ART initiation (CD4+ count <150 cells/µL or World Health Organization Stage IV).ResultsThe median CD4 count at enrolment in HIV care was 263 cells/µL (interquartile range (IQR): 140 to 390) and 212 cells/µL (IQR: 119 to 288) at ART initiation. Overall, 31.2% of participants initiated ART late, of whom 85.1% already had advanced HIV disease at enrolment. Factors associated with higher odds of late ART initiation included male sex (vs. non‐pregnant females; adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.02; 95% CI: 1.50 to 2.73), high levels of psychological distress (vs. low/none, aOR: 1.96; 95% CI: 1.34 to 2.87), perceived communication barriers with providers (aOR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.24 to 4.75), diagnosis via provider initiated testing (vs. voluntary counselling and testing, aOR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.07 to 2.04), tuberculosis (TB) treatment prior to ART initiation (aOR: 2.16, 95% CI: 1.43 to 3.25) and a gap in care of six months or more prior to ART initiation (aOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.10 to 3.72). Testing because of partner illness/death (aOR: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.95) was associated with lower odds of late ART initiation.ConclusionsProgrammatic initiatives promoting earlier diagnosis, engagement in pre‐ART care, and integration of TB and HIV treatments may facilitate earlier ART initiation. Men and those experiencing psychological distress may also benefit from targeted support prior to ART initiation.
N-type conduction in SnS by anion substitution with Cl
Authors: Yanagi Hiroshi , Iguchi Yuki , Sugiyama Taiki , Kamiya Toshio , Hosono Hideo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Relatively nontoxic, earth-abundant Cl was incorporated into n-type SnS as a dopant. The existence of impurity phases was carefully identified in Sn(S1−

x

−

y
Cl
x
)-dense ceramics. The highest electron mobility (8.3 cm2 V−1 s−1) in n-type conduction was achieved in samples with x ≥ 0.005. Cl concentration is critical for conduction-type conversion, whereas carrier density and electron mobility are determined by sulfur-site deficiency. Carrier transport is explained by grain boundary potential barrier scattering in undoped p-type samples and by ionized impurity scattering in Cl-doped n-type samples.
Characterization of the green band in photoluminescence spectra of heavily doped AlxGa1−
xN:Si with the Al content x > 0.5
Authors: Osinnykh Igor V. , Malin Timur V. , Plyusnin Viktor F. , Suranov Andrei S. , Gilinsky Alexander M. , Zhuravlev Konstantin S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We report time-resolved and temperature-dependent photoluminescence investigations of green photoluminescence in heavily doped Al
x
Ga1−

x
N:Si films grown by molecular beam epitaxy on sapphire substrates. The green band dominates in the photoluminescence spectra of Al
x
Ga1−

x
N:Si films with the Al content higher than 0.5. This band is attributed to donor–acceptor and free electron–acceptor transitions involving the same acceptor. Donor and acceptor binding energies of about 50 and 930 meV, respectively, were obtained. The donor was assigned to the Si atom on the Ga/Al site; the acceptor might be the C atom on the N site or a complex comprising a Ga/Al vacancy and a shallow donor.
Effects of GaN barrier thickness on built-in electric field and internal quantum efficiency of blue InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells LED structures
Authors: Romanov Ivan S. , Prudaev Ilya A. , Kopyev Viktor V. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The built-in electric field in an InGaN quantum well and emission wavelength are numerically evaluated at various GaN barrier thicknesses in blue InGaN/GaN/Al2O3 LED structures. The effect of GaN barrier thickness on the internal quantum efficiency of these structures was studied experimentally by temperature- and excitation-power-dependent photoluminescence measurements. In LED structures with 3-nm-thick GaN barriers in the active region the internal quantum efficiency at high excitation levels higher than that in LED structures with thicker GaN barriers. The results of measurements indicate that in structures with 3-nm-thick GaN barriers, the Auger recombination rate is reduced.
Tsunami earthquake can occur elsewhere along the Japan Trench—Historical and geological evidence for the 1677 earthquake and tsunami
Authors: Yanagisawa H. , Goto K. , Sugawara D. , Kanamaru K. , Iwamoto N. , Takamori Y. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSince the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake, the mechanisms of large earthquakes along the Japan Trench have been intensely investigated. However, characteristics of tsunami earthquakes, which trigger unusually large tsunami, remain unknown. The earthquake of 4 November 1677 was a tsunami earthquake striking the southern part of the Japan Trench. Its source mechanism remains unclear. This study elucidates the fault slip and moment magnitude of the 1677 earthquake and tsunami based on integrated analyses of historical documents, tsunami deposits, and numerical simulation. Geological survey results, the analytical results of thickness and grain size distributions and diatoms, revealed that tsunami deposits in a small pond at 11 m elevation were probably formed by the 1677 event. This finding and historical descriptions are useful as important constraint conditions to estimate unusually large fault slips and moment magnitude of the 1677 earthquake. Numerical simulation results reveal that 8.34–8.63 moment magnitude with the large 11–16 m slip area is necessary to satisfy the constraint conditions. This fault slip and magnitude are equivalent to those of the 1896 Sanriku earthquake: a well‐known tsunami earthquake in the northern part of the Japan Trench. We therefore conclude that a tsunami earthquake of moment magnitude 8.3–8.6 with unusually large slip can occur elsewhere along the Japan Trench. This point should be considered for future tsunami risk assessment along the Japan Trench and along any trench having similar tectonic settings to those of the Japan Trench.
Static Coulomb stress load on a three‐dimensional rate‐and‐state fault: Possible explanation of the anomalous delay of the 2004 Parkfield earthquake
Authors: Kostka Filip , Gallovič František 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe perform quasi‐dynamic modeling of earthquake cycle using laboratory derived rate‐and‐state laws of friction on a homogeneous three‐dimensional fault model. We study effects of the static Coulomb stress loading on clock advance and clock delay of the subsequent event. We carefully investigate dependences of the clock advance on the onset time of the stress load, its amplitude, areal extent, and place of application of the load. We find that these dependences are complex, being controlled by the actual ongoing slip velocity on the fault, especially at the domain of the stress load. In particular, the stress (un)load can initiate the occurrence of quasiperiodic creep‐like episodes, which could be associated with episodic increases of microseismicity on real faults, such as observed on the locked Parkfield segment of the San Andreas Fault. Depending on the load parameters including its timing within the earthquake cycle, one of such creep‐like events may trigger the next (clock advanced) system‐size earthquake. In some cases, the nucleation of the main shock can fail, and the fault experiences one or several seismic events of smaller magnitudes instead. In such a case the next main shock becomes significantly delayed. We speculate that such mechanism could have contributed to the extreme delay of the M6 2004 Parkfield earthquake. Indeed, the Parkfield segment was subject to Coulomb stress unload due to the 1983 Coalinga‐Nuñez earthquakes and then experienced M4.9 events in 1993–1994, when the system‐size event was expected. Instead, these failed main shock nucleations delayed the Parkfield earthquake by another ~10 years.
Differential Monte Carlo method for computing seismogram envelopes and their partial derivatives
Authors: Takeuchi Nozomu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe present an efficient method that is applicable to waveform inversions of seismogram envelopes for structural parameters describing scattering properties in the Earth. We developed a differential Monte Carlo method that can simultaneously compute synthetic envelopes and their partial derivatives with respect to structural parameters, which greatly reduces the required CPU time. Our method has no theoretical limitations to apply to the problems with anisotropic scattering in a heterogeneous background medium. The effects of S wave polarity directions and phase differences between SH and SV components are taken into account. Several numerical examples are presented to show that the intrinsic and scattering attenuation at the depth range of the asthenosphere have different impacts on the observed seismogram envelopes, thus suggesting that our method can potentially be applied to inversions for scattering properties in the deep Earth.
The influence of environmental parameters on active and maturing oceanic whitecaps
Authors: Scanlon B. , Ward B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHigh‐resolution images of the ocean surface are examined using digital processing, achieving quantifications of actively breaking (WA), maturing (WB), and total (WT = WA + WB) whitecaps. The images are selected from two data sets of the North Atlantic and Southern Ocean to sample a maximal range of environmental conditions. A total of 125,860 images were processed and averaged to establish 622 10 min periods. Parameterizing WA, WB, and WT with wind speed achieved modest correlations while also displaying large variabilities. Parameterizing WT with wind speed and specific Reynolds numbers achieved correlation coefficients ranging from 0.76 to 0.79. The filtering of WT into its active stage of evolution WA and subsequent fittings with wind speed and specific Reynolds numbers achieved reduced correlation coefficients ranging from 0.62 to 0.66. We suggest that the contribution of WB serves to conceal and thus underestimate the variability of actively breaking waves.
Interannual modulation of eddy kinetic energy in the northeastern South China Sea as revealed by an eddy‐resolving OGCM
Authors: Sun Zhongbin , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhao Wei , Tian Jiwei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInterannual modulation of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the northeastern South China Sea (NE‐SCS) is investigated based on outputs of an eddy‐resolving oceanic general circulation model between 1980 and 2014. The EKE displays distinct interannual modulations with periods between 1.5 and 7 years. The maximum peak‐to‐trough amplitude of the interannual modulation occurred during period 2004–2005, which was about 1.5‐fold the time‐mean EKE level. Further analysis suggested that interannual variability of EKE in the NE‐SCS is primarily modulated by the Luzon Strait transport (LST). During high‐EKE years, the LST increases corresponding to a strengthened Kuroshio intrusion. The strengthened Kuroshio intrusion enhances the baroclinic instability of current in the NE‐SCS and thus leads to a strong EKE. The reverse is true during low‐EKE years when LST is smaller. Influences of ENSO and Pacific mesoscale eddies on the interannual modulation of LST are also discussed in this study.