bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in those with hip fractures: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Pierce Todd , Issa Kimona , Wright Craig , Scillia Anthony , Emami Arash 
Published: October 2024

Introduction As the rise in the population over the age of 65 years continues, there is a concern that there will be an increase in fragility hip fractures. Inadequate vitamin D levels could affect the health of the bone, and subsequently increase of sustaining a hip fracture. The purpose of our study was to determine if there was in fact an association between insufficient or deficient vitamin D levels and sustaining a hip fracture in our patients 90 years of age or older. Methods 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels in all patients who presented to the Emergency Department of a high-volume teaching institution who also had a diagnosis of hip fracture from 2017 to 2019 were prospectively and randomly assessed. Vitamin D levels were randomly ordered and assessed by the on-call orthopedic resident on all patients over 90 years of age. Overall, 47 patients that were 90 years of age or older were treated in our institution of which the study cohort consisted of 47 patients. This included 7 men and 40 women with a mean age of 94 years (range, 90 to 102 years). The guidelines of the Endocrine Society definitions of Vitamin D deficiency, insufficiency, and normal levels were used. The incidence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency was compared to those with normal levels for statistical significance. Outcomes were further sub-stratified by gender. Results The cohort had mean Vitamin D levels of 27.2 ng/ml (range, 4.3 to 69.4 ng/mL). Sixty-four percent of patients had lower than normal Vitamin D levels (p = 0.007) with 43% (n = 20) who were deficient and 21% (n = 10) who were considered insufficient. When outcomes were stratified by gender, men and women had similar mean vitamin D levels (p= 0.67). Women with hip fractures had higher incidences of vitamin D levels of < 30 ng/mL (p =0.002) while men had similar incidences (p = 0.6) of vitamin D levels above and below 30 ng/mL. Discussion We found an association between the incidence of hip fractures and increased incidence of insufficient or deficient levels of vitamin D those over 90 years of age. Future studies should examine how improvements in vitamin D levels can reduce potential risk of fragility hip fractures.
Diskursive positioneringer i professionshøjskolernes vidensproduktion
Authors: Larsen Verner , Buch Anders 
Published: October 2024

Med dannelsen af professionshøjskolerne blev der formuleret nye krav om deres vidensproduktion. Professionshøjskolerne skulle selv producere praksisnær og anvendelsesorienteret forskning og udvikling. Viden skulle cirkulere i et kredsløb mellem tre områder: forskning, uddannelse og praksis. Evalueringer og undersøgelser har imidlertid vist, at forsknings- og udviklingsbegrebet ikke er entydigt defineret: Det bliver artikuleret forskelligt i en række vidensdiskurser. Der hersker således uklarhed om karakteren af professionshøjskolernes forskningsindsats. På baggrund af fire forsknings- og udviklingsprojekter, identificerer artiklen forskellige diskursive positioner blandt forskere på professionshøjskolerne. Projekterne er initieret i samspil mellem et professionsbehov, en intern videnskabelig/akademisk interesse og et uddannelsesbehov, og viden produceres på baggrund af forskellige rationaler. Dette giver mulighed for etablering af forskellige relationer mellem forskning, uddannelse og praksis. Projekternes diskursive positioner fremanalyseres, og afslutningsvis diskuteres, hvordan disse knytter an til og udfordrer dominerende vidensdiskurser på området. Fælles for projekterne er en stærk orientering mod professionspraksis-behov, men svagere fokus på forsknings-uddannelses-relationen.
Twelfth World Federation of Chiropractic Global Education Conference: “Technology and Innovation: Shaping the Future of Chiropractic Education”
Authors:   World Federation of Chiropractic
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
This conference was convened by the World Federation of Chiropractic from October 30 to November 2, 2024, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The 2024 program focused on the delivery of technology in chiropractic education.
A novel methodology to determine volcanic aerosols optical properties in the UV and NIR and Ångström parameters using Sun photometry
Authors: Sellitto P. , Salerno G. , La Spina A. , Caltabiano T. , Terray L. , Gauthier P.‐J. , Briole P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRemote volcanic aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations of Mount Etna summit and distal bulk plume have been carried out between 14 and 20 July 2016 in the framework of the EPL‐RADIO project. Ultraviolet (UV) and near‐infrared (NIR) AODs were measured using a Microtops‐II Ozone Monitor (MIIOM) Sun photometer, using a Langley plot (LP) instrumental calibration routine. Ozone‐corrected UV AODs at 320 nm are derived for the first time with a Microtops, thus extending the exploitable spectral band range of portable photometers to shorter wavelengths. The new UV AODs have theoretical uncertainties <±0.035 (±12%), dominated by LP calibration errors. Using UV and NIR AODs, the Ångström coefficients have been derived. The UV AODs and Ångström exponents have been compared, at background conditions, to colocated Cimel Sun photometer observations. A root‐mean‐square deviation of 0.03 (13%) for the UV AOD is found for this comparison, thus in agreement with estimated theoretical uncertainties. The MIIOM Ångström exponent estimations are found consistent with Cimel observations, even if with an average overestimation of 17.5%, mainly due to negative biases (−0.02/−21%) of NIR AODs. Results of quasi‐simultaneous characterization of proximal and distal plume (7 km from craters), for 20 July 2016, are shown. During the measurements, brownish ash puffs were visible. While proximal and distal plumes were observed within approximately 1 h, their Ångström exponent varied significantly (mean values: −0.30±0.22 and 1.16±0.33, for the proximal and distal plumes). These results indicate quick sedimentation of ash particles and show the potential of this new retrieval technique to characterize volcanic aerosols.
Silicone‐Based Adhesives with Highly Tunable Adhesion Force for Skin‐Contact Applications
Authors: Lee Bong Kuk , Ryu Jin Hwa , Baek In‐Bok , Kim Yarkyeon , Jang Won Ick , Kim Sang‐Hyeob , Yoon Yong Sun , Kim Seung Hwan , Hong Seong‐Gu , Byun Sangwon , Yu Han Young 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA fundamental approach to fabricating silicone‐based adhesives with highly tunable adhesion force for the skin‐contact applications is presented. Liquid blends consisting of vinyl‐multifunctional polydimethylsiloxane (V‐PDMS), hydride‐terminated PDMS (H‐PDMS), and a tackifier composed of a silanol‐terminated PDMS/MQ resin mixture and the MQ resin are used as the adhesive materials. The peel adhesion force of addition‐cured adhesives on the skin is increased by increasing the H‐PDMS molecular weights and the tackifier content, and decreasing the H‐PDMS/V‐PDMS ratio. There is an inverse relationship between the adhesion force and the Young's modulus. The low‐modulus adhesives with a low H‐PDMS/V‐PDMS ratio exhibit enhanced adhesion properties. The low‐modulus adhesives with the high MQ resin content show significantly enhanced adhesion properties. These adhesives exhibit a wide range of modulus (2–499 kPa), and their adhesion force (0.04–5.38 N) is superior to commercially available soft silicone adhesives (0.82–2.79 N). The strong adhesives (>≈2 N) provide sufficient adhesion for fixing the flexible electrocardiogram (ECG) device to the skin in most daily activity. The human ECG signals are successfully recorded in real time. These results suggest that the silicone‐based adhesives should be useful as an atraumatic adhesive for the skin‐contact applications.
A Single Chamber Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Authors: Thimmappa Ravikumar , Aralekallu Shambhulinga , Devendrachari Mruthyunjayachari Chattanahalli , Kottaichamy Alagar Raja , Bhat Zahid Manzoor , Shafi Shahid Pottachola , Lokesh Koodlur Sannegowda , Thotiyl Musthafa Ottakam 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe complexities associated with H2 storage project liquid fed direct alcohol fuel cells promising alternative to H2‐O2 fuel cells. However on the benchmark Pt‐based electrocatalytic interface, the multielectron alcohol oxidation kinetics proceed through a parallel pathway mechanism with CO intermediacy, demanding heavy loading of Pt‐based catalysts and an expensive Nafion‐based membrane. In a sagacious approach by altering the interfacial chemistry at the cathode electrolyte interface, this study shows a single chamber direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with a Pt‐free cathode and a freely diffusing electron acceptor (DEA). The positive redox energy of DEA assisted interfacial methanol oxidation kinetics by chemically unblocking CO poison from the Pt anode catalytic interface while simultaneously bestowing it with inherent electron accepting capability on methanol passive carbon cathode interface, guiding toward a membraneless configuration. In situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroelectrochemical studies reveal the methanol oxidation in this membraneless configuration is driven by DEA predominantly in the direct CO‐free pathway, with ≈6 times amplification in fuel cell performance metrics than conventional Pt‐based DMFC.
Systematic Investigation of the Electronic Structure of Hematite Thin Films
Authors: Lohaus Christian , Steinert Céline , Brötz Joachim , Klein Andreas , Jaegermann Wolfram 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWater photolysis is a key technology to convert solar energy into clean, sustainable fuel. Hematite Fe2O3 thin films are considered as a potential photoanode for this purpose. The performance of hematite‐based devices is limited by charge carrier transport and recombination, which are intimately linked to the electronic structure. Investigations of the electronic structure of hematite by photoemission exhibit pronounced differences in the reported spectra. A combination of structural and spectroscopic characterization methods is used to unravel the relation between the crystalline and the electronic structure of hematite thin films, which provides unique fingerprint spectra for different crystalline states. The combination with valence band DOS calculations from literature allows for an assignment of the contribution of iron and oxygen (hybrid‐) states to the valence band DOS.
Thermal Stability Study of GaP/High‐k Dielectrics Interfaces
Authors: Wang Xinglu , Zhao Yanfei , Huang Rong , Li Fangsen , Lu Xiaoming , Huang Zengli , Shen Yang , Wang Hu , Shao Dawei , Liu Mengyin , Tan Baimei , Zhang Jian , Xie Xinjian , Dingsun An , Dong Hong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHigh‐quality interface between high‐mobility III–V compound semiconductor and high‐k dielectrics is critical for achieving high electrical performance of the devices. Elemental diffusion through the high‐k dielectrics from III–V semiconductors (e.g., InP, InAs, and InGaAs) upon the atomic layer deposition process and during the postdeposition annealing (PDA) at low temperature rises a concern with the reliability of III–V compound semiconductor devices. In this work, the thermal stability of GaP/high‐k dielectrics interface has been studied in terms of elemental diffusion upon PDA, using angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Ga and P oxides are below the detection limit of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy for the GaP/HfO2 stack after PDA at 400 °C, and for the GaP/Al2O3 stack after PDA at 500 °C. Outdiffusion of Ga and P atoms through HfO2 film is detected by time‐of‐flight secondary ions mass spectrometry after PDA at 500 and 600 °C. Highly stable GaP/high‐k dielectrics interfaces suggest that a thin barrier layer of wide bandgap GaP between the III–V semiconductor channel materials and high‐k dielectrics would benefit the reliability of the devices.
Divergent Reactivity of a Dinuclear (NHC)Nickel(I) Catalyst versus Nickel(0) Enables Chemoselective Trifluoromethylselenolation
Authors: Dürr Alexander B. , Fisher Henry C. , Kalvet Indrek , Truong Khai‐Nghi , Schoenebeck Franziska 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe herein showcase the ability of NHC‐coordinated dinuclear NiI–NiI complexes to override fundamental reactivity limits of mononuclear (NHC)Ni0 catalysts in cross‐couplings. This is demonstrated with the development of a chemoselective trifluoromethylselenolation of aryl iodides catalyzed by a NiI dimer. A novel SeCF3‐bridged NiI dimer was isolated and shown to selectively react with Ar−I bonds. Our computational and experimental reactivity data suggest dinuclear NiI catalysis to be operative. The corresponding Ni0 species, on the other hand, suffers from preferred reaction with the product, ArSeCF3, over productive cross‐coupling and is hence inactive.
Liquid Tubule Formation and Stabilization Using Cellulose Nanocrystal Surfactants
Authors: Liu Xubo , Shi Shaowei , Li Yanan , Forth Joe , Wang Dong , Russell Thomas P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractStructured liquids, generated by the interfacial formation, assembly, and jamming of nanoparticle (NP)‐surfactants at liquid/liquid interfaces, maintain all the desirable characteristics of each liquid, while providing a spatially structured framework. Herein, we show that rod‐like cellulose nanocrystal (CNC)‐based NP‐surfactants, termed CNC‐surfactants, are formed rapidly at the liquid/liquid interface, assemble into a monolayer, and, when jammed, offer a robust assembly with exceptional mechanical properties. Plateau–Rayleigh (PR) instabilities of a free‐falling jet of an aqueous medium containing the CNCs into a toluene solution of amine end‐functionalized polystyrene are completely suppressed, allowing the jetting of aqueous tubules that are stabilized when the CNC‐surfactants are jammed at the interface. These results open a new platform for the additive manufacturing techniques, for example, three‐dimensional (3D) printing, of all‐liquid constructs.
Comprehensive estimates of seabird–fishery interactions for the US Northeast and mid‐Atlantic
Authors: Hatch Joshua M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Relatively little is known about seabird–fishery interactions (i.e. bycatch) for the U.S. North‐east and mid‐Atlantic, despite concerted efforts to document observed interactions since 1989.
Fisheries observer data were used to estimate seabird–fishery interactions for 10 species and six gear types that operated within the US Northeast and mid‐Atlantic from 1996 to 2014.
Hierarchical Bayes estimation was used and accounted for temporal, spatial, and operational considerations inherent in the data through post‐stratification.
Over the 19‐year study period, 48 821 (coefficient of variation [CV] = 0.03) seabirds were estimated to have interacted with commercial fishing gear, resulting in an average of 2570 interactions per year.
Trends in estimated interactions were explored using the marginal posterior distributions, with the majority of interactions pertaining to gillnets and shearwaters/fulmars.
Comparison with previous work highlighted the need for consistency in data preparation, making it easier to compare relative trends in seabird bycatch estimates for the region.
Future assessments should focus on providing context for the interaction estimates, so that population‐level impacts can be inferred and the necessary conservation measures enacted.
Thermosensitive Cation‐Selective Mesochannels: PNIPAM‐Capped Mesoporous Thin Films as Bioinspired Interfacial Architectures with Concerted Functions
Authors: Schmidt Sonja , Alberti Sebastián , Vana Philipp , Soler‐Illia Galo J. A. A. , Azzaroni Omar 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRational design and elaborate modular construction of interfacial architectures in which molecular transport is mediated by responsive/adaptive nanostructures has become a growing and fertile field of research in supramolecular materials chemistry. This work presents, for the first time, the use of PNIPAM‐capped mesoporous silica thin films as thermosensitive cation‐selective mesochannels. Thus far, this feature has only been observed in thermosensitive biological channels. The interfacial architecture created here accomplishes its specific functions through the concerted or simultaneous action of spatially addressed subunits with temperature response and ion exclusion capabilities. The thermo‐perm‐selectivity effect stems from the synergistic interplay between the pH‐dependent electrostatic characteristics of the silica scaffold and the thermo‐controlled steric effects introduced by the capping brush layer. It is hoped that the “nanoarchitectonic” approach presented here will provide new routes toward the generation of heterosupramolecular nanosystems displaying addressable transport properties similar to those encountered in biological ion channels.
Comparison of 2 methods for the finite element steady‐state analysis of nonlinear 3D periodic eddy‐current problems using the A,V− formulation
Authors: Plasser Rene , Takahashi Yasuhito , Koczka Gergely , Bíró Oszkar 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTwo different techniques for the analysis of nonlinear, periodic eddy‐current problems are compared using a three‐dimensional benchmark problem. The methods are the parallel time periodic finite element method and the time periodic fixed‐point technique.
Innovative work behavior and sex‐based stereotypes: Examining sex differences in perceptions and evaluations of innovative work behavior
Authors: Luksyte Aleksandra , Unsworth Kerrie L. , Avery Derek R. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBuilding on role congruity theory, we predict that innovative work behaviors are stereotypically ascribed to men more than to women. Because of this bias, women who innovate may not receive better performance evaluations than those who do not innovate, whereas engaging in innovative work behaviors is beneficial for men. These predictions were supported across 3 complementary field and experimental studies. The results of an experiment (Study 1; N = 407) revealed that innovative work behaviors are stereotypically associated with men more than women. In Studies 2 and 3, using multisource employee evaluation data (N = 153) and by experimentally manipulating innovative work behaviors (N = 232), respectively, we found that favorable performance evaluations were associated with innovative work behaviors for men but not for women. These studies highlight a previously unidentified form of sex bias and are particularly important for those wishing to increase innovative behaviors in the workplace: We need to address this phenomenon of “think innovation‐think male.”
Numerical analysis of a dielectrophoresis field‐flow fractionation device for the separation of multiple cell types
Authors: Shamloo Amir , Kamali Ali 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this study, a dielectrophoresis field‐flow fractionation device was analyzed using a numerical simulation method and the behaviors of a set of different cells were investigated. By reducing the alternating current frequency of the electrodes from the value used in the original setup configuration and increasing the number of exit channels, total discrimination in cell trajectories and subsequent separation of four cell types were achieved. Cells were differentiated based on their size and dielectric response that are represented in their real part of Clausius–Mossotti factor at different frequencies. A number of novel designs were also proposed based on the original setup configuration. It was seen that by reducing the length of the main channel and the number of electrodes at low frequencies and not changing the inlet flow velocities, cell separation was still achieved successfully, although with a slightly larger electrode voltage. The shorter main channel decreased the residence time for the cells on the chip and also reduced the overall size of the device—these were improvements over the original design. The obtained results can be used to analyze other cell types by knowing their size and dielectric properties to design geometries that can ensure separation.
Going With the Flow: An Aid in Detecting and Differentiating Bronchopulmonary Sequestrations and Hybrid Lesions
Authors: Oliver Edward R. , DeBari Suzanne E. , Giannone Mariann M. , Pogoriler Jennifer E. , Johnson Ann M. , Horii Steven C. , Gebb Juliana S. , Howell Lori J. , Adzick N. Scott , Coleman Beverly G. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo assess the ability of prenatal ultrasound (US) in identifying systemic feeding arteries in bronchopulmonary sequestrations and hybrid lesions and report the ability of US in classifying bronchopulmonary sequestrations as intralobar or extralobar.MethodsInstitutional Review Board–approved radiology and clinical database searches from 2008 to 2015 were performed for prenatal lung lesions with final diagnoses of bronchopulmonary sequestrations or hybrid lesions. All patients had detailed US examinations, and most patients had ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Lesion location, size, and identification of systemic feeding arteries and draining veins were assessed with US.ResultsThe study consisted of 102 bronchopulmonary sequestrations and 86 hybrid lesions. The median maternal age was 30 years. The median gestational age was 22 weeks 5 days. Of bronchopulmonary sequestrations, 66 had surgical pathologic confirmation, and 100 had postnatal imaging. Bronchopulmonary sequestration locations were intrathoracic (n = 77), intra‐abdominal (n = 19), and transdiaphragmatic (n = 6). Of hybrid lesions, 84 had surgical pathologic confirmation, and 83 had postnatal imaging. Hybrid lesion locations were intrathoracic (n = 84) and transdiaphragmatic (n = 2). Ultrasound correctly identified systemic feeding arteries in 86 of 102 bronchopulmonary sequestrations and 79 of 86 hybrid lesions. Of patients who underwent MRI, systemic feeding arteries were reported in 62 of 92 bronchopulmonary sequestrations and 56 of 81 hybrid lesions. Ultrasound identified more systemic feeding arteries than MRI in both bronchopulmonary sequestrations and hybrid lesions (P < .01). Magnetic resonance imaging identified systemic feeding arteries that US did not in only 2 cases. In cases in which both systemic feeding arteries and draining veins were identified, US could correctly predict intrathoracic lesions as intralobar or extralobar in 44 of 49 bronchopulmonary sequestrations and 68 of 73 hybrid lesions.ConclusionsUltrasound is most accurate for systemic feeding artery detection in bronchopulmonary sequestrations and hybrid lesions and can also type the lesions as intralobar or extralobar when draining veins are evaluated.
Diffusion‐weighted MRS of acetate in the rat brain
Authors: Dehghani Masoumeh , Kunz Nicolas , Lanz Bernard , Yoshihara Hikari A.I. , Gruetter Rolf 
Published: August 2017

Acetate has been proposed as an astrocyte‐specific energy substrate for metabolic studies in the brain. The determination of the relative contribution of the intracellular and extracellular compartments to the acetate signal using diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy can provide an insight into the cellular environment and distribution volume of acetate in the brain. In the present study, localized 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy employing a diffusion‐weighted stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) sequence at an ultra‐high magnetic field (14.1 T) was used to investigate the diffusivity characteristics of acetate and N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) in the rat brain in vivo during prolonged acetate infusion. The persistence of the acetate resonance in 1H spectra acquired at very large diffusion weighting indicated restricted diffusion of acetate and was attributed to intracellular spaces. However, the significantly greater diffusion of acetate relative to NAA suggests that a substantial fraction of acetate is located in the extracellular space of the brain. Assuming an even distribution for acetate in intracellular and extracellular spaces, the diffusion properties of acetate yielded a smaller volume of distribution for acetate relative to water and glucose in the rat brain.