bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized Design of Autonomous Inflow-Control Devices for Gas and Water Coning
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: November 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 173203, “Optimized Design of Autonomous Inflow-Control Devices for Gas and Water Coning,” by Terry W. Stone, Terje Moen, David A. Edwards, Alexander Shadchnev, and Kashif Rashid, Schlumberger, and Geir Frode Kvilaas and Kjell Christoffersen, Det Norske Oljeselskap, prepared for the 2015 SPE Reservoir Simulation Symposium, Houston, 23–25 February. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Several designs for autonomous inflow-control devices (AICDs) are available. One forces inflowing fluids to enter gates, depending on inertial and viscous forces of the various fluids. Another is an autonomous valve in the shape of a free-floating disk that restricts the flow rate of low-viscosity fluids and is primarily used to choke gas and water inflow. Recently, a device with water-swellable rubber inside the nozzle has been proposed, but it is not yet commercially available. The comparative properties and abilities of these designs are the focus of this paper.
Well Model, Reservoir Simulator, and Optimizer
The well model used in this work is part of a next-generation parallel commercial reservoir simulator and features a flexible multisegmented well topology, enhanced robustness for difficult problems, and extensive well-model options. It forms part of a scalable parallel commercial reservoir simulator.
Optimizations carried out in this work used an optimizer developed to alleviate the computational cost in an optimization study where simulation-based objective functions are expensive to evaluate. When compared with several other commonly used optimizers, it was demonstrated that this optimizer outperformed others significantly.
Modeling Inflow-Control Devices (ICDs)
Various ICD designs include those with nozzle orifices, tubes, and helices. Unlike ICDs, AICDs may or may not have moving parts but they can change or modify their state in response to inflow. Design of the AICD determines the particular unwanted fluids that are delayed. There are a number of types available commercially, including a floating flapper, an oil- selector valve, an autonomous inflow-control valve, the rate-controlled-production (RCP) valve, and a fluidic diode valve. Another design recently proposed is based on inclusion of water-swellable rubber within the nozzle, but this is not yet commercially available. Both ICDs and AICDs are often deployed in a compartment whose edges are sealed with a packer, and are placed in the tubing wall between an annulus and main production stream.
A Study of Wettability-Alteration Methods With Nanomaterials Application
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: November 2016

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 173884, “A Review Study of Wettability-Alteration Methods With Regard to Nanomaterials Application,” by Milad Jokari Sheshdeh, Technical University of Clausthal, prepared for the 2015 SPE Bergen One Day Seminar, Bergen, Norway, 22 April. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The use of nanomaterials for alteration of wettability is a method that has grown in prominence after the development of techniques for synthesizing nanosized particles in the late 1980s. In this paper, after a review of the fundamentals of wettability alteration, a discussion of nanomaterials used for wettability alteration is provided. Among these nanomaterials, nanoparticles of silica and polysilicone indicate better results in terms of efficiency on incremental oil recovery in waterflooding.
Introduction
Wettability is the tendency of a fluid to spread over a specific surface and is relative to other existent fluids in that system and is defined by the contact angle of a droplet of the fluid and the surface. It is a result of adhesion forces between the fluid and the minerals of the rock. The wettability of a rock ranges from strongly water-wet to strongly oil-wet and is a result of brine/oil/rock interactions in a reservoir. There are different types of rocks on the basis of these interactions and wettabilities:
If no, or equal, tendency is shown from oil or brine to spread over the surface of the rock, the system is said to have neutral wettability or intermediate wettability.
Because different mineralogies coexist in an oil reservoir, different wettabilities are also expected. If this variety in the reservoir is not negligible, then, in different parts of the reservoir, different chemical interactions between fluids and rocks are observed and, consequently, some areas of the reservoir indicate strongly water-wet behavior whereas some other areas indicate strongly oil-wet behavior. This heterogeneous wettability behavior is known as fractional wettability.
In some cases, the smaller pores are occupied by water and can be considered water-wet, while larger pores are captured by oil. This type of wettability distribution is known as mixed wettability, in which the residual oil saturation is low because the oil is displaced more easily from larger pores.
The solid/fluid and fluid/fluid surface energies are governed by the chemical compositions of the fluid and rock. In other words, the mineralogy of a rock and chemical properties of the fluid influence the relative adhesive tensions and, consequently, wettability.
The most common methods for wettability measurements, discussed in detail in the complete paper, include the following:
Amott wettability index
US Bureau of Mines (USBM) wettability index
Combined Amott-USBM wettability test
Contact-angle methods
Rotation by Reciprocation Casing-Landing Technology
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: November 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 172144, “Rotation by Reciprocation Casing-Landing Technology,” by R. Gosselin and T. Montgomery, Longhorn Casing Tools; A. Muriby, SPE, and Moataz Yussef, Wildcat Oilfield Services; and S. Karrani and A. Khamis, Abu Dhabi Marine Operating Company, prepared for the 2014 Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference, Abu Dhabi, 10–13 November. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
With the innovation of extended-reach and directional drilling, running casing and liner strings has become increasingly difficult. Not much has been done to address the challenges, which include ledges and obstructions, washouts, swelling shale, bridging, high doglegs, difficult well profiles, fill on bottom, and well collapse. To overcome the challenges, a new product line was developed as a way to facilitate casing operations, especially for long horizontal strings, production strings, and intermediate casing strings.
Introduction
The technology can rotate independently from the casing when encountering obstructions and hanging. The rotation is performed by reciprocating the casing through 3- to 5-ft strokes that cause the tool shoe to act as a bit and ream. It drills off the obstruction and guides the casing string through ledges, tight swollen sections, and doglegs, allowing effective removal of fill and debris from below the casing/liner shoe to land at the intended total depth (TD).
The technology comprises two main components: the tool body, which is made similar to the casing grade being run, and the internal mechanism, which is made from industrial-grade aluminum alloy for the mandrels and bronze components for the bit, both of which lend strength and durability to the tool while facilitating a smooth clean drillout with a standard polycrystalline-diamond-compact (PDC) bit.
Technology Concept
The tool provides rotation at the end of the casing string by reciprocating the casing string rather than by rotating the string at surface. It uses a very small amount of hydraulic pressure, provided by the mud pump, to enable the removal of fill by penetrating through it and circulating it out. Also, it provides deflection of the casing shoe to bypass ledges.
The tool has a fixed helical mandrel connecting to the casing string, so the lower tool body is able to rotate.
Only 21 psi of internal hydraulic pressure is needed to extend the lower tool body along the mandrel into an open position. By applying this pressure, the mechanism at the lower assembly of the tool rotates and extends into an open position. By setting weight on the tool, the lower assembly moves up along the mandrel, causing right-hand rotation on the lower assembly by lowering the casing string.
The tool is effectively torque neutral, causing no torsional torque transmitted up the casing string.
Permian Basin Fracturing Systems Using Produced Water
Authors: Wilson Adam 
Published: November 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 172811, “Permian Fracturing Systems Using Produced Water,” by Sarkis Kakadjian, SPE, Joseph Thompson, SPE, Robert Torres, Antonio Pontifes, Amanda Rodriguez, and Yahia Ait Hamlat, Trican Well Service, prepared for the 2015 SPE Middle East Oil and Gas Show and Conference, Manama, Bahrain, 8–11 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
In areas where freshwater costs and produced-water-disposal costs are problematic, operators and service companies have shown the desire to use produced and flowback water in field operations to enhance overall completions economics. This paper details the experience of using new stabilized crosslinked-fracturing-fluid systems in the Permian Basin using borated produced water. The new fracturing-fluid systems are designed to delay the crosslinking time when needed, using the boron already present in the water.
Introduction
In the US, nearly half of the wells hydraulically fractured since 2011 were in regions with high or extremely high water stress and more than 55% were in areas experiencing drought. In Colorado and California, 97 and 96% of the wells, respectively, were in regions with high or extremely high water stress. In New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming, the majority of wells were in high- or extremely high- water-stress regions. In Texas, which currently has the highest concentration of hydraulic-fracturing activity in the US, more than half of the wells examined (52%) were in high- or extremely high- water-stress regions. The World Resources Institute defines high water stress as more than 80% of available surface and groundwater being allocated for municipal, industrial, and agricultural uses.
In the Permian Basin of west Texas, one oil company already expects to use up to 1 million B/D of water over the next 10 years. This goes a long way toward securing water sources that are not fresh, more than 75% over the next several years. The Texas Railroad Commission, the state’s oil and gas regulator, reported a current collective water-recycling capacity of 1.5 million B/D.
Effect of Fracturing Fluid on Coalbed-Methane Desorption, Diffusion, and Seepage in the Ningwu Basin of China
Authors: Li Xiangchen , Kang Yili , Chen Defei 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The production process of coalbed methane (CBM) includes and is controlled by desorption, diffusion, and seepage processes acting conjointly. A coal reservoir commonly has a low permeability. Well stimulation is applied to increase the CBM production, during which contact between the fracturing fluid and the coal seam is unavoidable. Developed microfractures, large specific surface area, and high capillary pressure of coal generate serious damage easily caused by fracturing fluid, which can affect the production of CBM. Therefore, we presented a multiscale mass-transfer damage-evaluation method dependent on the coal-reservoir microscopic-pore structure and CBM migration-output mechanism that includes the capacity of CBM desorption/diffusion/seepage. The No. 9 coal in the Ningwu Basin of China and the associated fracturing fluid at the site are the object of our research. A comprehensive evaluation experiment on the damage caused by fracturing fluids on CBM desorption/diffusion/seepage was conducted to optimize the fracturing fluid in construction sites. Combining the methods of mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), low-temperature N2 adsorption, wettability, solution ratio, and infrared spectrum, we investigated the effect of fracturing fluids on CBM desorption/diffusion/seepage. Results show that the CBM desorption rate and the diffusion coefficient of samples treated by the fracturing fluid decrease compared with those treated by formation water. Compared with formation water, the fracturing fluid can decrease the mechanical strength of coal and strengthen its sensitivity to stress. Microcracks will seal more under the action of geostress, producing a narrower flow channel and causing the seepage capacity to eventually decrease. The results of our analysis suggest that the fracturing fluid can change the pore connectivity, wettability, and surface structure of coal, as well as affect the migration capacity of CBM. This study provides a theoretical guidance for fracturing-fluid optimization during the operation of CBM-well fracturing.
“As If Augustine Had Said”: Textual Interpretation and Augustinian Ambiguity in a Medieval Debate on Predestination
Authors: Smith Jenny 
Published: November 2016

In ninth century Francia, a rebellious monk named Gottschalk of Orbais (808-868) ardently defended his theory of divine predestination, much to the vexation of the Frankish Church, whose leaders eventually denounced him as heretical and imprisoned him for the remainder of his life. In an effort to disprove Gottschalk, his perhaps most prominent opponent, Hincmar, Archbishop of Reims (806-882), frequently cited elements of ecclesiastical tradition in an attempt to show that western Catholic orthodoxy opposed the theory of predestination that Gottschalk espoused. While most scholars have analyzed Hincmar’s writings by focusing on his citation of the patristic church father Saint Augustine of Hippo (354-430), such an approach ignores the problematic nature of Augustine’s stance on predestination, which was largely ambiguous, hence the ability of both Gottschalk and Hincmar to reference his writings as proof of their argument. While Augustine at times limited his stance to merely suggesting that God had bestowed eternal life on some individuals, at other times he was more explicit, defining predestination in terms of a twofold decree of salvation for some and damnation for others. Such ambiguity created a nebulous definition of predestination by the time of the ninth century controversy and allowed Gottschalk to weaken Hincmar’s arguments by likewise citing Augustine to support his own assertions. This in turn forced Hincmar to extend his arsenal of ecclesiastical tradition beyond citation of Augustine in order to refute Gottschalk. This paper reevaluates a sample of Hincmar’s writings in the 840s and 850s to argue that he sought to make explicit what Augustine had left unclear regarding predestination by appealing to common standards of orthodoxy in the forms of additional patristic authors, conciliar judgments, and
liturgical practices. This analysis reveals both the prominence of ambiguity in ninth-century predestination thought as well as the role of ecclesiastical tradition in forming medieval views on orthodoxy, however fluid such a label remained.
Contribuições do patrocínio da Petrobras para o campo audiovisual de 1995 a 2007
Authors: Ficheira Carolina Marques Henriques , Príncipe Paula 
Published: November 2016

A partir do estudo de caso dos aportes realizados pela Petrobras em patrocínios audiovisuais no período dentre 1995 e 2007, é possível analisar o papel precursor das Leis de Incentivo Federais no desenvolvimento do campo audiovisual. Suas contribuições foram significativas ao setor quando se analisa o quantitativo de filmes patrocinados pela Petrobras e por outras instituições, denotando o estímulo do uso das leis de incentivo à cultura a outros patrocinadores, bem como no desenvolvimento do campo, como ocorre no Rio de Janeiro, que possui o maior PIB criativo de todo o território nacional, e aponta novos agentes e trajetórias no cenário atual. Sponsorship contributions by Petrobras to the audiovisual sector from 1995 to 2007AbstractBeginning with a case study about contributions made by Petrobras to audiovisual sponsorships between 1995 and 2007, it is possible to analyze the pioneering role of the Federal Tax Incentive Laws for the audiovisual sector. Their contributions to the sector were significant when the number of movies sponsored by Petrobras and by other institutions is analyzed, denoting the encouragement for the use of cultural incentive laws to other sponsors as well as the development of the sector, as happens in Rio de Janeiro that holds the highest GDP (Gross National Product) of the entire national territory and points out new agents and routes in the current scenario.
Criatividade, Conflito e Direito à cidade num Rio de Janeiro Espetacularizado
Authors: Szaniecki Barbara 
Published: November 2016

O artigo traz reflexões sobre a implementação do conceito de Economia Criativa no Brasil e, em particular, da transformação do Rio de Janeiro em Cidade Criativa. Essa transformação é visível através da realização de megaeventos mas torna invisíveis alguns dos potentes atores culturais e criativos da cidade. Apresentaremos a literatura que aborda esses temas assim como experiências alternativas de produção cultural e criativa – os Pontos de Cultura a nível nacional, alguns experimentos realizados na ESDI/UERJ e a criatividade multitudinária das manifestações – que conjugam as dimensões produtiva e política da Criatividade e podem fortalecer o Direito à Cidade num Rio espetacularizado. Creativity, conflict and right to the city in rio de janeiro spectacularizedAbstractThis article reflects on the implementation of the concept of Creative Economy in Brazil and, in particular, the transformation of Rio de Janeiro in Creative City. This transformation is visible through the realization of mega-events but makes invisible some of the powerful cultural and creative actors of the city. We present the literature that addresses these issues as well as alternative experiences of cultural and creative production - the Points of Culture in Brazil, some experiments in ESDI / UERJ and multitudinous creativity of the protests - which combine the productive and the political dimension of creativity and can strengthen the Right to the City in a spectacularized Rio de Janeiro.
Resisting the lure of the paycheck: Freedom and dependence in financial self-help
Authors: Fridman Daniel 
Published: November 2016

Based on two years of fieldwork with fans of financial success best-sellers, this article analyzes the idea of financial freedom, which is the cornerstone of popular financial self-help resources. Fans of the genre train themselves and engage in business and investing with the main goal of reaching something that is at once mathematical and a condition of the self. Financial freedom is a specific equation between income and expenses that makes it possible to quit one’s job while maintaining an income. But it is also a condition by which one has freed oneself from one’s own fears and limitations in regards to money and investing and the need for security. Therefore, all practices directed at increasing one’s wealth are also practices of the self that are directed at combating external and internal forms of dependence. The intellectual roots of the problematization of internal and external dependence are explored. The tension between freedom and security is illustrated through the example of the examination of one’s family upbringing.
Cone-beam computed tomography versus periapical radiograph for diagnosing external root resorption: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yi Jianru , Sun Yimin , Li Yu , Li Chunjie , Li Xiaobing , Zhao Zhihe 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and periapical radiographs (PR) for the detection of external root resorption (ERR).
Material and Methods: An electronic search in databases, including the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, Embase, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe (SIGLE), was performed until August 2016. A manual search of relevant journals and reference lists of enrolled studies was conducted. The studies investigating the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT or PR for ERR, with simulated ERR as the reference test, were considered eligible. The diagnostic accuracy of CBCT and PR was statistically pooled using a bivariate model. Meta-regression and subgroup analysis were performed to explore the sources of heterogeneity. Sensitivity analysis was used to test the stability of the overall results in the meta-analysis.
Results: A total of 15 studies were included in this systematic review. The pooled results showed that CBCT had significantly higher sensitivity (0.89; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.77–0.96) and area under curve (0.96; 95% CI: 0.77–0.96) than PR (sensitivity: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.56–0.78; area under curve: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.85–0.90). No difference in sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve between conventional and digital PR was observed.
Conclusions: Currently available evidence suggests that CBCT could be reliable to detect the presence of ERR in clinical practice and has a higher diagnostic efficacy than PR.
Real-time real-world analysis of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness: method development and assessment of a population-based cohort in Stockholm County, Sweden, seasons 2011/12 to 2014/15
Authors: Leval Amy , Hergens Maria Pia , Persson Karin , Örtqvist Åke 
Published: November 2016

Real-world estimates of seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) are important for early detection of vaccine failure. We developed a method for evaluating real-time in-season vaccine effectiveness (IVE) and overall seasonal VE. In a retrospective, register-based, cohort study including all two million individuals in Stockholm County, Sweden, during the influenza seasons from 2011/12 to 2014/15, vaccination status was obtained from Stockholm’s vaccine register. Main outcomes were hospitalisation or primary care visits for influenza (International Classification of Disease (ICD)-10 codes J09-J11). VE was assessed using Cox multivariate stratified and non-stratified analyses adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status, comorbidities and previous influenza vaccinations. Stratified analyses showed moderate VE in prevention of influenza hospitalisations among chronically ill adults ≥ 65 years in two of four seasons, and lower but still significant VE in one season; 53% (95% confidence interval (CI): 33–67) in 2012/13, 55% (95% CI: 25–73) in 2013/14 and 18% (95% CI: 3–31) in 2014/15. In conclusion, seasonal influenza vaccination was associated with substantial reductions in influenza-specific hospitalisation, particularly in adults ≥ 65 years with underlying chronic conditions. With the use of population-based patient register data on influenza-specific outcomes it will be possible to obtain real-time estimates of seasonal influenza VE.