bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RN) and interleukin-1β genes (IL-1β) polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss in Iranian Azeri women
Authors: Ali Rahmani Seyyed , Paknejad Zeynab , Mohammadkhanlou Masoumeh , Daneshparvar Marina 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Objective
One of the most important problems in human reproduction is recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). RPL is defined as three or more consecutive abortions in the first trimester of pregnancy. The association between the polymorphisms in the immunological factors and RPL was investigated. The aim of our study was to determine the association of interleukin receptor antagonist (IL-IRN) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) polymorphisms with RPL in Iranian Azeri women.

Materials and methods
The study participants consisted of 100 women with RPL of Iranian Azeri origin. The control group comprised 100 age- and ethnically-matched healthy women of the same reproductive age. Genomic DNA was extracted from the whole blood and genotype determinations were performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.

Results
Our results showed no significant relationship between IL-1RN polymorphism and RPL. The homozygous state in −857 C/T variant was seen to be higher in RPL patients than in control subjects. Also frequency of wild type genotype was lower in RPL patients than in controls. However, this associations was not significant.

Conclusion
This study suggested that −511 C/T (rs16944) and −31 C/T (rs1143627) polymorphisms in IL-1β gene may not be involved in RPL in Iranian Azeri women. Also the promoter polymorphism of the IL-1RN gene may not play a role in the susceptibility to RPL.
Influencia y repercusión mediática de los debates "cara a cara" celebrados ante las elecciones generales de 2008 en España: José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (PSOE) vs Mariano Rajoy (PP)
Authors: Gallego Reguera María , Bernárdez Rodal Asunción 
Published: December 2017

Este artículo se centra en el estudio de los debates electorales "cara a cara" celebrados en España con motivo de las elecciones generales de 2008 entre José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (PSOE) y Mariano Rajoy (PP) y organizados por la Academia de las Ciencias y las Artes de Televisión. Se han seleccionado estos debates para su estudio en profundidad porque significan el retorno de los debates en España transcurridos quince años después los últimos cara a cara en unos comicios generales, los celebrados en 1993 entre el por entonces presidente del Gobierno, Felipe González (PSOE), y José María Aznar (PP). Los debates de 2008 se convirtieron en un suceso histórico con una gran repercusión tanto en los medios nacionales como en los internacionales, que realizaron una relevante cobertura del mismo. Aunque la emisión de los debates apenas modificó el voto de los ciudadanos, sí incentivó la participación electoral, lo que siempre altera el reparto de escaños. Su celebración resultó importante para el proceso de la democracia, ya que motivaron la participación electoral, y para la información de los ciudadanos, quienes demostraron un gran interés por ambos programas políticos de televisión.
Mechanical Limitations to Sprinting and Biomechanical Solutions: A Constraints-Led Framework for the Incorporation of Resistance Training to Develop Sprinting Speed
Authors: Moir Gavin L. , Brimmer Scott M. , Snyder Brandon W. , Connaboy Chris , Lamont Hugh S. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
DESPITE STRONG THEORETICAL EVIDENCE, THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RESISTANCE TRAINING METHODS ON SPRINTING PERFORMANCE IS NOT ALWAYS DEMONSTRATED EXPERIMENTALLY. ACCELERATIVE SPRINTING IS LIMITED BY THE REQUIREMENT OF A FORWARD-DIRECTED GROUND REACTION FORCE DURING PROGRESSIVELY SHORTER STANCE PHASES THAT ACCOMPANY HIGHER SPRINTING SPEEDS, WHEREAS MAXIMAL SPEED SPRINTING IS LIMITED BY THE APPLICATION OF SUFFICIENT VERTICAL IMPULSE DURING STANCE, CONSTRAINING MINIMAL STANCE DURATIONS. CONSIDERING THE MECHANICAL LIMITATIONS AND THE BIOMECHANICAL SOLUTIONS USED BY THE FASTEST SPRINTERS FROM A CONSTRAINTS-LED PERSPECTIVE PROVIDES A FRAMEWORK FROM WHICH PRACTITIONERS CAN EXPLORE THE INCORPORATION OF RESISTANCE AND SPRINT TRAINING IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF LONG-TERM TRAINING PROGRAMS.
Habitual Behavior Is Mediated by a Shift in Response-Outcome Encoding by Infralimbic Cortex
Authors: Barker Jacqueline M. , Glen W. Bailey , Linsenbardt David N. , Lapish Christopher C. , Chandler L. Judson 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe ability to flexibly switch between goal-directed actions and habits is critical for adaptive behavior. The infralimbic prefrontal cortex (IfL-C) has been consistently identified as a crucial structure for the regulation of response strategies. To investigate the role of the IfL-C, the present study employed two validated reinforcement schedules that either promote habits or goal-directed actions in mice. The results reveal that information about action-outcome relationships is differentially encoded in the IfL-C during actions and habits as evidenced by encoding of behavioral outcomes during goal-directed actions that is lost during habits. Optogenetic inhibition of the IfL-C selectively at press during habitual behavior (when firing rates are reduced during unreinforced goal-directed actions) resulted in restoration of sensitivity to change of action-outcome contingency. These results reveal a novel functional mechanism by which IfL-C promotes habitual behavior, and provide insight into strategies for the treatment and prevention of pathological, inflexible behavior common in neuropsychiatric illness.
Sex-Specific Consequences of Neonatal Stress on Cardio-Respiratory Inhibition Following Laryngeal Stimulation in Rat Pups
Authors: Baldy Cécile , Chamberland Simon , Fournier Stéphanie , Kinkead Richard 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe presence of liquid near the larynx of immature mammals triggers prolonged apneas with significant O2desaturations and bradycardias. When excessive, this reflex (the laryngeal chemoreflex; LCR) can be fatal. Our understanding of the origins of abnormal LCR are limited; however, perinatal stress and male sex are risk factors for cardio-respiratory failure in infants. Because exposure to stress during early life has deleterious and sex-specific consequences on brain development it is plausible that respiratory reflexes are vulnerable to neuroendocrine dysfunction. To address this issue, we tested the hypothesis that neonatal maternal separation (NMS) is sufficient to exacerbate LCR-induced cardio-respiratory inhibition in anesthetized rat pups. Stressed pups were separated from their mother 3 h/d from postnatal days 3 to 12. At P14–P15, pups were instrumented to monitor breathing, O2saturation (Spo2), and heart rate. The LCR was activated by water injections near the larynx (10 µl). LCR-induced apneas were longer in stressed pups than controls; O2desaturations and bradycardias were more profound, especially in males. NMS increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous EPSCs (sEPSCs) in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMNV) of males but not females. The positive relationship between corticosterone and testosterone observed in stressed pups (males only) suggests that disruption of neuroendocrine function by stress is key to sex-based differences in abnormal LCR. Because testosterone application onto medullary slices augments EPSC amplitude only in males, we propose that testosterone-mediated enhancement of synaptic connectivity within the DMNV contributes to the male bias in cardio-respiratory inhibition following LCR activation in stressed pups.
Validity and responsiveness of the work functioning impairment scale (WFun) in workers with pain due to musculoskeletal disorders
Authors: Makishima Misako , Fujino Yoshihisa , Kubo Tatsuhiko , Izumi Hiroyuki , Uehara Masamichi , Oyama Ichiro , Matsuda Shinya 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Objective
To determine the convergent validity and responsiveness of the work functioning impairment scale (WFun) in workers with musculoskeletal disorder-related pain.

Methods
Participants were extracted from an internet user study and prospectively examined using the pain intensity numerical rating scale (pain-NRS), the work ability numerical rating scale (productivity-NRS), and the WFun at baseline, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months. The convergent validity and responsiveness of the WFun were examined by multilevel regression analysis.

Results
A total of 786 workers participated and 593 completed all surveys. The WFun score gradually increased and decreased as the pain-NRS and the productivity-NRS increased, respectively. Changes in the WFun score steadily increased and decreased as changes in the pain-NRS and the productivity-NRS increased, respectively. Multilevel analyses showed that all linear associations were significant.

Conclusions
The convergent validity and responsiveness of the WFun were consistent with the expected direction and magnitude.
Sexual knowledge and attitude as predictors of female sexual satisfaction
Authors: Soltani Farzaneh , Azizi Roghaye , Sourinegad Hadis , Shayan Arezo , Mohammadi Younes , Khodakarami Batoul 
Published: December 2017

Background: Complaints about sexuality is more common among women in comparison to men. Designing effective interventions in this field requires the identification of predictive factors. This study aims to predict the sexual satisfaction of women based on the components of knowledge and attitude.
Methods: In a cross-sectional descriptive study, 480 women who had been referred to Hamedan health centers were selected by two-stage cluster sampling; they completed Hadson sexual satisfaction questionnaires as well as SKAS knowledge and attitude questionnaire. In addition to descriptive analysis, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relationships between variables and finally, linear regression was used to determine the relationship between variables by eliminating confounding factors.
Results: The findings of the analysis revealed a positive and direct correlation between the variables of sexual satisfaction and sexual attitude. There was a positive and significant relationship between sexual satisfaction and sexual knowledge (r=0.442, P=0.000) and sexual satisfaction and sexual attitude (r=0.506, P=0.000); i.e. increase in knowledge and attitude about sexual issues are associated with enhancement of sexual satisfaction. The predicted sexual satisfaction of married women was predominantly attributed to sexual attitude.
Conclusion: The results of our analysis showed that women's knowledge and attitudes can predict their sexual satisfaction. Therefore, increasing sexual knowledge and improving the attitude of women should bring about greater sexual satisfaction for women. By designing and implementing effective educational interventions and counseling aimed at promoting women's sexual knowledge and improving false beliefs, effective steps can be taken to preserve and enhance the sexual health of women and, consequently, couples.
Risk Factors for the Development of Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction
Authors: Gaither Thomas W. , Cooper Christopher S. , Kornberg Zachary , Baskin Laurence S. , Copp Hillary L. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND:
Patients with vesicoureteral reflux and concomitant bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD) are at high risk for febrile urinary tract infections. Risk factors for BBD have been identified in retrospective studies without validated measures.

METHODS:
We conducted a secondary analysis of the Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux and Careful Urinary Tract Infection Evaluation trials. The outcome of interest in the analysis of these children was the development of BBD, defined by using the dysfunctional voiding questionnaire, during any time point in the studies. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the independent effects of sex, baseline percentile BMI, cohort status (Randomized Intervention for Children with Vesicoureteral Reflux versus Careful Urinary Tract Infection Evaluation), continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (yes or no), and reflux status (dilating versus nondilating) on the development of BBD.

RESULTS:
Three hundred and eighteen patients met inclusion criteria. The majority of patients (244 patients, 77%) were not toilet trained at baseline visit. The median baseline age (interquartile range) was 21 months (11–35 months), and 299 (94%) patients were girls. During the study period, 111 (35%) developed BBD. Baseline BMI percentile was not associated with BBD development (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9–1.1), whereas female sex was highly associated with BBD development (aOR = 12.7; 95% CI: 1.6–98). Patients with dilating reflux at baseline were 2.1 times more likely to develop BBD (95% CI: 1.2–3.7). Antibiotic prophylaxis was not associated with BBD development (aOR = 0.8; 95% CI: 0.4–1.4).

CONCLUSIONS:
Dilating reflux and female sex were identified as risk factors for development of BBD, but neither BMI nor prophylactic antibiotics was associated with the development of BBD.
Atos de comando em sala de aula: imperativo, perífrase, infinitivo e gerúndio em variação
Authors: Pinheiro-Monteiro Francisca Natália Sampaio , Coan Márluce 
Published: December 2017

Ato de comando é a função investigada nesta pesquisa. Das possíveis formas de codificação, analisamos quatro em variação: imperativo, perífrase ir + infinitivo, infinitivo e gerúndio, sob o aparato teórico da Sociolinguística variacionista (LABOV, 1972 e 1978) e do Funcionalismo (GIVÓN, 1993; PALMER, 1986; BYBEE; PERKINS; PAGLIUCA, 1994). Foram analisadas trinta horas de gravação em sala de aula, cem minutos de cada um dos dezoito professores considerados na amostra. Os fatores de análise recobrem traços de reforço ou enfraquecimento dos comandos: menção explícita do manipulado; marcas de futuridade e marcas de polidez. Submetidos ao programa Goldvarb, os dados demonstram que o imperativo é estatisticamente influenciado por vocativo ou pela ausência do manipulado e pela ausência de marcas de polidez; a perífrase é condicionada por menção do manipulado via pronomes; o infinitivo e o gerúndio, por sua vez, são motivados pela presença de marcas de polidez. Os resultados, alinhados ao proposto por Givón (1993), comprovam que há dispositivos linguísticos que reforçam ou enfraquecem a força manipulativa do comando.
Fatores de influência na presença do pronome clítico em função de objeto: semântica verbal e gênero textual
Authors: Coutinho Victor Araujo , Carvalho Orlene Lúcia de Sabóia 
Published: December 2017

Este estudo se dedica a analisar o fenômeno de variação da explicitação do pronome objeto direto em situação de anáfora textual no português brasileiro. Atualmente, pode-se retomar anaforicamente um elemento em função de objeto direto por meio do emprego de itens lexicais, de clíticos, dos pronomes ele(s)/ela(s), ou pode-se deixar a posição vazia, sem retomada explícita (BAGNO, 2013: 471). Neste cenário, nos dedicamos a investigar que traços semânticos e pragmático-discursivos interferem na escolha entre a presença ou não do pronome objeto, em textos escritos. Para tanto, tomamos como base teórica os parâmetros concernentes à transitividade verbal, propostos por Hopper e Thompson (1980) e retomados por Cunha e Sousa (2011) em análise do português brasileiro, e a noção de gênero textual de Marcuschi (2003, 2008). Metodologicamente usamos as ferramentas da Linguística de Corpus. Levantamos dados no corpus Brasileiro, que registra mais de 1,1 bilhão de ocorrências, e realizamos análises de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa com base em Tarallo (1986) e Sardinha (2004). Os resultados revelaram que o traço semântico verbal “afetamento do objeto”, bem como a ocorrência em gêneros textuais mais formais atuam como fatores condicionantes na explicitação do pronome objeto.
A realização dos pronomes nós e a gente na função de sujeito e nas funções de complemento e adjunto na cidade de Maceió/AL
Authors: Vitório Elyne Giselle de Santana Lima Aguiar 
Published: December 2017

A presente pesquisa focaliza a variação nós e a gente na função de sujeito e nasF funções de complemento e adjunto na fala maceioense. Para tanto, recorremos à Sociolinguística Variacionista (LABOV, 1972) e utilizamos o programa GoldVarb X para a análise estatística dos dados. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, verificamos que, na posição de sujeito, a gente é a variante selecionada, sendo favorecida nos seguintes contextos, a saber, morfema zero, a gente antecedido por a gente, sujeito preenchido, falantes menos escolarizados e falantes mais novos, revelando um processo de mudança em curso. Nas posições de complemento e adjunto, nós é a variante selecionada, com o pronome a gente sendo favorecido nos seguintes contextos, a saber, núcleo verbal, função sintática de (oblíquo) complemento, a gente antecedido por a gente em outras funções, falantes do sexo/gênero feminino e menos escolarizados.
O papel do item lexical e da estrutura social na direcionalidade da mudança sonora
Authors: Lopes de Melo Marcelo Alexandre Silva , Gomes Christina Abreu 
Published: December 2017

A hipótese segundo a qual falantes estabelecem representações detalhadas dos itens lexicais baseadas nas suas experiências com o uso, relativas à produção e percepção, situa a variação sonora no plano representacional, possibilitando novas abordagens sobre a dinâmica sociolinguística de uma comunidade de fala (GOMES e SILVA, 2004; FOULKES e DOCHERTY, 2006). Este artigo compara o comportamento de dois grupos sociais da comunidade de fala do Rio de Janeiro em relação à variação da fricativa em coda: a) adolescentes moradores de favelas que diferem em termos de integração social (amostras EJLA e Fiocruz); b) subgrupo de falantes da classe média (amostra Censo 2000). O comportamento de falantes socialmente excluídos pode contribuir para a compreensão da dinâmica sociolinguística da comunidade de fala, especialmente em se tratando de adolescentes, os quais representam um grupo importante na delimitação e expansão do significado social de variantes e na propagação da mudança linguística (ECKERT, 1989, 2000; WAGNER, 2008). Os resultados observados revelam que o grau de integração de jovens socialmente excluídos pode afetar o comportamento linguístico deste grupo, bem como evidenciam a importância do item lexical para detectar se há diferentes direcionalidades de mudança entre grupos sociais de uma mesma comunidade de fala para variáveis sociofonéticas.
Você fala cantano? Uma análise do apagamento de /d/ em gerúndios no falar de Maceió/AL
Authors: Almeida Ayane Nazarela Santos de , Oliveira Alan Jardel de 
Published: December 2017

Neste trabalho, analisa-se o processo de apagamento de /d/ em gerúndios na cidade de Maceió/AL. Para tal, desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa embasada na sociolinguística variacionista a partir de dados de fala espontânea de 30 informantes maceioenses. Os resultados, obtidos por meio de métodos de regressão multinível, apontaram que o apagamento de /d/ em gerúndios é favorecido entre os homens. Não há diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as idades, indício de que se trata de um processo de variação estável. Em relação às variáveis linguísticas, constatou-se que o apagamento é diretamente proporcional à extensão do vocábulo e tem relação com o contexto fonético seguinte, sendo o contexto ‘vogal’ o mais favorecedor do processo.
Formas de tratamento nominal em cartas de leitor de periódicos de Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brasil
Authors: Snichelotto Cláudia Andrea Rost , Strapazzon Leila Teixeira da Rosa 
Published: December 2017

Este artigo apresenta um levantamento de formas de tratamento nominal (FTNs) empregadas em cartas de leitor, publicadas na década de 1950 em Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Nosso objetivo é descrever e analisar as FTNs para verificar o valor e as funções atribuídas pelos remetentes das cartas. Com base nos pressupostos teóricos da Teoria da Variação e Mudança Linguística e da Teoria da Polidez Linguística, analisamos uma amostra aleatória de onze cartas do jornal A voz do Chapecó e quatro do jornal O Imparcial, totalizando 15 cartas. Foram identificadas 140 FTNs, dentre as quais, 28 não codificadas e 122 consagradas. Dentre as FTNs não codificadas, predomina a função predicativa, enquanto, nas consagradas, prevalece a função alocutiva. As FTNs não codificadas de caráter pejorativo ofendiam seus alocutores e, consequentemente, aumentavam o distanciamento entre os interlocutores. Observou-se, em razão disso, a baixa recorrência do princípio da cooperação para manter a face positiva nas cartas de leitor investigadas, julgando-se pelo momento histórico de conflitos políticos que Chapecó viveu no período.
Variação discursiva e gramaticalização: o controle de condicionamentos semântico-pragmáticos e o princípio da persistência
Authors: Tavares Maria Alice 
Published: December 2017

À luz da sociolinguística variacionista e de estudos sobre a gramaticalização, considero os conectores sequenciadores e, aí e então como variantes da variável discursiva “sequenciação retroativo-propulsora de informações”. Os dados são oriundos de 24 entrevistas sociolinguísticas provenientes do Banco de Dados FALA-Natal. Tenho os seguintes objetivos: (i) analisar os padrões de distribuição dos conectores sequenciadores e, aí e então quanto a um grupo de fatores de natureza semântico-pragmática; (ii) relacionar indícios diacrônicos referentes ao processo de gramaticalização sofrido por cada conector a seus padrões de distribuição sincrônica. Os resultados revelam que o grupo de fatores “relação semântico-pragmática” é bastante significativo no condicionamento da variável discursiva investigada. Com base nesses resultados, observei que o uso dos conectores sequenciadores parece ser motivado pelo princípio da persistência, uma vez que esses conectores são, em geral, favorecidos por relações semântico-pragmáticas que manifestam alguns traços em comum a suas fontes diacrônicas de gramaticalização.
Comorbidity of Internet use disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Two adult case–control studies
Authors: Bielefeld Martin , Drews Marion , Putzig Inken , Bottel Laura , Steinbüchel Toni , Dieris-Hirche Jan , Szycik Gregor R. , Müller Astrid , Roy Mandy , Ohlmeier Martin , Theodor te Wildt Bert 
Published: December 2017

Objectives
There is good scientific evidence that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is both a predictor and a comorbidity of addictive disorders in adulthood. These associations not only focus on substance-related addictions but also on behavioral addictions like gambling disorder and Internet use disorder (IUD). For IUD, systematic reviews have identified ADHD as one of the most prevalent comorbidities besides depressive and anxiety disorders. Yet, there is a need to further understand the connections between both disorders to derive implications for specific treatment and prevention. This is especially the case in adult clinical populations where little is known about these relations so far. This study was meant to further investigate this issue in more detail based on the general hypothesis that there is a decisive intersection of psychopathology and etiology between IUD and ADHD.

Methods
Two case–control samples were examined at a university hospital. Adult ADHD and IUD patients ran through a comprehensive clinical and psychometrical workup.

Results
We found support for the hypothesis that ADHD and IUD share psychopathological features. Among patients of each group, we found substantial prevalence rates of a comorbid ADHD in IUD and vice versa. Furthermore, ADHD symptoms were positively associated with media use times and symptoms of Internet addiction in both samples.

Discussion
Clinical practitioners should be aware of the close relationships between the two disorders both diagnostically and therapeutically. When it comes to regain control over one’s Internet use throughout treatment and rehabilitation, a potential shift of addiction must be kept in mind on side of practitioners and patients.