bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropathic symptoms of the ocular surface: dryness, pain, and itch
Authors: Andersen Hjalte H. , Yosipovitch Gil , Galor Anat 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
This review aims to describe the recent findings on epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of neuropathic symptoms of the ocular surface, with a focus on potential similarities between sensations of dry eye, pain and itch.

Recent findings
A narrative review of the literature was undertaken. Key references from research in dry eye, neuropathic symptoms of the ocular surface, ocular pain and itch, as well as general references on itch and pain neurobiology were included. Recent findings suggest aspects of dry eye, chronic ocular pain and itch symptomatology are driven by neuropathic pain mechanisms involving peripheral and central sensitization processes.

Summary
Ocular dryness, pain, and itch are prevalent complaints with several of shared features. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that peripheral and central neuronal sensitization processes are involved in generating and maintaining ocular sensory symptoms. Research is warranted on the epidemiology of ocular sensations, molecular mechanisms involved in nociception and pruriception in the eye, electrophysiological alterations in animal models of eye conditions, and therapeutic modalities that can alleviate unpleasant ocular sensations.
Reducing catheter-associated urinary tract infections in the ICU
Authors: Sampathkumar Priya 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Patients in the ICU are at higher risk for catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) due to more frequent use of catheters and lower threshold for obtaining urine cultures. This review provides a summary of CAUTI reduction strategies that are specific to the intensive care setting.

Recent findings
The surveillance definition for CAUTI is imprecise and measures catheter-associated bacteriuria rather than true infection. Alternatives have been proposed, but CAUTI rates measured by this definition are currently required to be reported to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and high CAUTI rates can result in financial penalties. Although CAUTI may not directly result in significant patient harm, it has several indirect patient safety implications and CAUTI reduction has several benefits. Various bundles have been successful at reducing CAUTI both in individual institutions and on larger scales such as healthcare networks and entire states.

Summary
CAUTI reduction is possible in the ICU through a combination of reduced catheter usage, improved catheter care and stewardship of urine cultures.
Novel therapeutic approaches for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Tanhehco Yvette C. , Arepally Gowthami , Metjian Ara 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of reviewAcquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is an immune-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy caused by antibodies to ADAMTS13 (A DisintegrinAndMetalloproteinase with aThromboSpondin type 1 motif, member13). Standard treatment with therapeutic plasma exchange and immunosuppression with steroids results in high remission and low mortality rates. However, a number of patients remain refractory to frontline therapy and/or experience multiple relapses. This study reviews emerging therapies for thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.Recent findingsStudies indicate that reducing anti-ADAMTS13 antibody levels through B-cell depletion or proteasome inhibition is effective for the management of refractory disease. Preliminary reports examining anti-CD20 therapy for the treatment of initial disease or as maintenance therapy for seropositive patients suggest the addition of immunosuppression in other disease phases may delay relapse. Exciting developments in targeted therapies to von Willebrand Factor and recombinant ADAMTS13 hold promise for transforming disease management.SummaryApproximately half of patients diagnosed with acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura experience refractory and/or relapsing disease. For these patients, a hematologic remission may be an insufficient therapeutic goal. With recent developments, it is now possible to envision a multifaceted approach targeting disease mechanisms that may dramatically improve outcomes for this otherwise debilitating disease.
Assessing the Transition Intervention Needs of Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Klostermann Natalie R. , McAlpine Laura , Wine Eytan , Goodman Karen J. , Kroeker Karen I. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjectives:The transition of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients from pediatric to adult care can be challenging. Developing an effective transition intervention requires assessing the current transition experience for potential improvements, determining preferred content and format, and assessing patients’ transition skills.Methods:This mixed‐methods study of 20 transitioned IBD patients (ages 17–20 years) used semistructured interviews and validated assessments of self‐management/self‐advocacy and IBD knowledge. Interviews were analyzed thematically. Assessment scores were compared with published reference data by estimating proportion or mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results:The concept of a transition intervention was well‐received by participants. Preferred content centered on medications, disease and what to expect. Preferred ways to acquire knowledge were one‐on‐one instruction, handouts, and websites. Identified themes were “individualized and multifaceted,” “teach about transition,” and “support the shift in responsibility.” Among participants, 95% did not achieve 90% mastery of transition skills (0.6% higher [95% CI −10.7% to 9.5%] than the reference estimate) and the mean knowledge score was 15.15 (3.86 [95% CI 2.27 to 5.45] points higher than the reference estimate).Conclusions:We have identified preferred intervention formats and content as well as skill areas to target for improvement. As a result of this work, we will design a website intervention pertaining to identified themes.
Gender Difference in Cancer Patients’ Adherence to Analgesics and Related Outcomes of Pain Management
Authors: Chou Pi-Ling , Fang Su-Ying , Sun Jia-Ling , Rau Kun-Ming , Lee Bih-O 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Males and females have significant differences in certain medical outcomes. However, little research has explored the gender differences in cancer patient perceptions of analgesics, the relationship between gender and analgesic adherence, or the effectiveness of pain management.

Objective:
The objectives of this study were to compare gender differences associated with hesitancy to use analgesics, analgesic adherence, or pain management effectiveness and to examine whether gender can precisely predict analgesic adherence.

Methods:
The study was conducted in the outpatient oncology department of a medical center in Taiwan. A descriptive and cross-sectional design was used. The study samples were collected from 362 cancer patients. The participants completed the short version of the Barriers Questionnaire–Taiwan, the Morisky Analgesics Adherence Measure–Taiwan version, the Brief Pain Inventory–Chinese version, the Pain Management Index, and a demographic and disease questionnaire.

Results:
The pain intensity and hesitancy to use analgesics scores were significantly higher among females than among males. The Pain Management Index results indicated that a larger percentage of males had adequate pain management. In addition, being male was a significant predictor of higher analgesic adherence (odds ratio, 1.93; P < .05).

Conclusions:
Gender could precisely predict cancer patients’ medication adherence. Women experienced significantly greater pain than did men but also had more hesitancy to use analgesics, lower adherence, and inadequate pain management.

Implications for Practice:
Healthcare professionals should consider women as a high-risk group for inadequate pain control. It is crucial for health providers to consider the gender discrepancy when attempting to improve cancer pain management.
Pilot Study of a Communication Coaching Telephone Intervention for Lung Cancer Caregivers
Authors: Wittenberg Elaine , Ferrell Betty , Koczywas Marianna , Del Ferraro Catherine , Ruel Nora H. 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Family caregivers are a key communication source for nurses, and there is a need to provide communication skill building for caregivers.

Objective:
A pilot study was conducted to determine feasibility and use of a communication coaching telephone intervention aimed at improving caregiver confidence in communication and reducing psychological distress.

Methods:
A printed communication guide for caregivers and a 1-time communication coaching call delivered by a research nurse were provided to caregivers. Recruitment and attrition, implementation and content of coaching calls, caregiver outcomes, and satisfaction with intervention were analyzed.

Results:
Twenty caregivers were recruited across 4 cohorts—diagnosis, treatment, survivorship, and end of life—with recruitment greater than 70%. Caregiver calls averaged 37 minutes, and most caregivers reported communication challenges with family members. Caregiver action plans revealed a need to develop communication skills to ask for help and share information. Caregivers reported satisfaction with the print guide, and 90% of caregivers followed through with their action plan, with 80% reporting that the action plan worked. Caregiver confidence in communication with healthcare providers was improved, except for caregivers of cancer survivors.

Conclusions:
Recruitment and attrition rates demonstrate feasibility of the intervention. Caregivers reported that the communication coaching telephone intervention was considered valuable and they were able to implement a communication action plan with others.

Implications for Practice:
Lessons were learned about intervention content, namely, that nurses can help caregivers learn communication strategies for asking for help, sharing cancer information, and initiating self-care.
Native or promiscuous? Analyzing putative dimethylsulfoniopropionate lyases using a substrate proofing approach
Authors: Lei Lei , Cherukuri Kesava Phaneendra , Meltzer Diana , Alcolombri Uria , Tawfik Dan S. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEnzyme promiscuity is widely spread. Foremost, within superfamilies, the native function of one enzyme is typically observed as promiscuous activity in related enzymes. The native function usually exhibits high catalytic efficiency while promiscuous activities are weak, but this is not always the case. Thus, for certain enzymes it remains questionable whether their currently known activity is native or promiscuous. Dimethylsulfon-iopropionate (DMSP) is an abundant marine metabolite cleaved via β-elimination to release dimethylsulfide (DMS). Eight different gene families have been identified as putative DMSP lyases, 5 of them belonging to the same superfamily (cupin-DLL; see the accompanying paper). Some of these enzymes exhibit very low activity, but this can be due to suboptimal folding or reaction conditions. We developed a substrate profiling approach with the aim of distinguishing native DMSP lyases from enzymes that promiscuously act as DMSP lyases. In a native DMSP lyase, relatively small changes in the structure of DMSP should induce significant activity drops. We thus profiled substrate selectivity by systematically modifying DMSP while retaining reactivity. Three enzymes that exhibit the highest activity with DMSP also exhibited high sensitivity to perturbation of DMSP’s structure (Alma, DddY, and DddL). The two enzymes with the weakest DMSP lyase activity also showed the highest crossreactivity (DddQ, DddP). Combined with other indications, it appears that the DMSP lyase activity of DddQ and DddP is promiscuous although their native function remains unknown. Systematic substrate profiling could help identify and assign potential DMSP lyases, and possibly applied to other enzymes.AbbreviationsDMSP, dimethylsulfoniopropionate; DMS, dimethylsulfide; cupin-DLL, cupin DMSP lyase and lyase-like.FundingFinancial support by the Estate of Mark Scher, and the Sasson & Marjorie Peress Philanthropic Fund, are gratefully acknowledged. D.S.T. is the Nella and Leon Benoziyo Professor of Biochemistry.
Enrichment of the HIV reservoir in CD32+ CD4 T cells occurs early in blood and tissue
Authors: Martin Genevieve E , Pace Matthew , Thornhill John P , Phetsouphanh Chansavath , Meyerowitz Jodi , Gossez Morgane , Hopkins Emily , Brown Helen , Robinson Nicola , Olejniczak Natalia , Ramjee Gita , Kaleebu Pontiano , Porter Kholoud , Willberg Christian , Klenerman Paul , Nwokolo Nneka , Fox Julie , Fidler Sarah , Frater John 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Fc receptor CD32 has been proposed as a marker for CD4 T cells latently infected with HIV. We demonstrate that enrichment for HIV DNA in CD32+ CD4 T cells can be found early in infection in both tissue and blood. However, we find no evidence for a correlation between CD32 expression on CD4 T cells and either HIV DNA levels or time to rebound viraemia following treatment interruption. CD32+ CD4 T cells have a more differentiated memory phenotype, and high levels of expression of immune checkpoint receptors PD-1, Tim-3 and TIGIT as well as the activation marker, HLA DR. There was no difference in the phenotype or frequency of CD32 expressing cells prior to or after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy, or compared with healthy controls, suggesting that preferential infection or survival, rather than up-regulation, may be responsible for the observed enrichment of proviral HIV DNA in CD32+ CD4 T cells.
Towards an effective legal and regulatory framework for Islamic financial transactions
Authors: Engku Ali Engku Rabiah Adawiah , Oseni Umar A. 
Published: July 2017

PurposeIn propelling Malaysia to become a high value-added and high-income economy by 2020, the Central Bank of Malaysia has consistently emphasized the need for a new trajectory of transformation and growth which will leverage on a robust legal framework that for enhancing Islamic financial transactions. This paper aims to examine the latest major policy initiatives and legal reforms introduced to promote both local and cross-border transactions that seek to project Malaysia as a hub for Islamic financial transactions.Design/methodology/approachWhile adopting an analytical approach in analysing the relevant issues, the study relies on doctrinal legal method in highlighting major reforms introduced to enhance the legal and regulatory framework of Islamic finance.FindingsThe study finds that the importance of law reforms in strengthening the financial system cannot be overemphasized, particularly when it comes to the need for an end-to-endSharīʿahcompliance framework and consumer protection.Practical implicationsOther emerging jurisdictions aspiring to adopt Islamic finance products can learn from the Malaysia’s pioneering role in introducing an effective legal and regulatory framework.Originality/valueThough there are a number of studies on Malaysia’s leading role in the law and regulation of Islamic finance, this study is one of the earliest attempts to explore the role of the Central Bank of Malaysia in enhancing the legal framework for Islamic financial transactions through the introduction of the Islamic Financial Services Act 2013 and other relevant policy regulations.
Regulatory relationships and incentives: from Riggs Bank to HSBC
Authors: O’Sullivan Patrick John 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe aim of the paper is to examine what type of relationship existed between the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC) and Riggs Bank in respect of anti-money laundering (AML) compliance. Different commentators have established certain trends in the interaction between a regulator and a regulated entity, and this paper seeks to apply these findings to the relationship between the OCC and Riggs Bank and ascertain where this example lies in the wider domain of regulatory relationships. The paper then examines whether the relationship between the OCC and HSBC United States was similar to the one between the OCC and Riggs Bank or did the regulator adopt a more aggressive supervisory stance. Throughout this work, there is also a focus on the underlying incentives which may adversely affect how a financial institution interacts with a financial regulator and possible solutions to this problem proposed.Design/methodology/approachResearch undertaken by commentators was assessed and their findings as the different regulatory relationships that may develop between a regulator and a regulated entity were applied to the interactions between the OCC and two different financial institutions, namely, Riggs Bank and HSBC United States. Examples from the Senate Subcommittee Reports into the AML failings into these financial institutions were examined through the prism of pre-existing regulatory relationship categories.FindingsThe paper ultimately concludes that the OCC was far too passive in its interactions with both Riggs Bank and HSBC United States and that the primary underlying motivations for both institutions were profit- rather than compliance-led.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the main limitations to this research was the absence of direct input from either personnel from the banking sector in the USA or of regulators from the same jurisdiction.Practical implicationsThis paper proposes a number of practical solutions to recast the relationship between financial regulators and regulated institutions away from the former deferring to the latter to one where the former dictates to the latter.Originality/valueThis paper seeks to examine an actual regulatory relationship between a financial regulator and two different institutions that is reported in the public domain by applying pre-existing academic research on question of regulatory relationships and see how the practice differs or corresponds with the theory.
University startups and special legislations
Authors: Pattnaik Pinaki Nandan , Pandey Satyendra C. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
This paper aims at exploring the role of legislations in university startups.

Design/methodology/approach
Systematic review of legislations in three countries, namely, the USA, Japan and India, has been carried out to assimilate the role of special legislations in university startups.

Findings
The findings of the study reveal the important role that legislations can play in bringing out more university startups. Legislations not only protect the interest of the founder but also provide a cushion to explore further opportunities.

Research limitations/implications
The implications for the makers of the legislations and policies start with the understanding that conducive legislations can help the founders to take up the challenge of starting a commercial entity out of research output.

Originality/value
The study adds to the limited literature connecting university startups and legislations.
Practice vs theory: short-term financials trumps long-term value creation
Authors: Boge Knut , Temeljotov Salaj Alenka 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to present findings from the research project “Oscar – Value for Owners and Users of Buildings” and investigate two research questions: What in early-phase planning of real estate projects and facilities management creates value for owners and users of buildings? Do respondents in private enterprises, public administrations and hybrid organizations have different priorities during early-phase planning of buildings and facilities management concerning which factors creates value for owners and users of buildings?

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on a national survey (N = 837) among Norwegian owners and users of buildings where the respondents report their emphasis on economic, social, environmental and physical aspects during early-phase planning of buildings. The data have been analysed through descriptive statistics, ranking of means and one-way ANOVA supplemented with bootstrapping.

Findings
Many Norwegian owners and users of buildings emphasize short-term financials and seem to overlook recent research concerning what creates long-term value such as life-cycle planning and the buildings’ elasticity, flexibility, generality. Respondents employed by private enterprises seem to have shorter time horizon than respondents employed by hybrid organizations and public administrations.

Research limitations/implications
Further empirical research in Norway and preferably also in other countries, based on surveys with large random samples of respondents is needed to establish whether it is possible to generalize this study’s findings.

Practical implications
Increased emphasis during early-phase planning of buildings on aspects creating long-term value can significantly increase the buildings’ value creation for owners and users. This article indicates some attention areas and possible strategies during early-phase planning to improve the long-term value creation for owners and users.

Originality/value
This is an empirical study (national survey) with particular emphasis on how early-phase planning of buildings can contribute to value creation for users and owners during the buildings’ use phase.
Corporate real estate and performance: evidence from Italian manufacturing sectors
Authors: Morri Giacomo , Djukic Dejan , Chiavazza Federico 
Published: July 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of real estate weight on Italian manufacturing companies and the effect of occupancy costs on income. The main purpose is to understand whether the ownership of properties, for non-real-estate companies, has an impact on performance.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical research was carried out for a 10-year period (2004-2013) with a sample of 300 manufacturing companies belonging to six sub-sectors of the manufacturing sector. In the second part, a cluster analysis was conducted to identify better and more poorly performing companies. Companies were classified in different clusters according to their ROA, debt ratio and liquidity ratio. The analysis from the first part was repeated to verify the differences between the clusters with respect to their real estate holdings.FindingsFirst, the authors found that manufacturing sub-sectors do not differ in terms of real estate holdings. They found that real estate holdings affect performance: companies with lower real estate asset weight and higher occupancy costs perform better.Research limitations/implicationsThe main contribution of the paper is the finding that most Italian manufacturing companies do not take into account corporate real estate (CRE) decisions and the trade-off between ownership and leasing, thus showing that they are ineffective at CRE management.Practical implicationsIt could be wise to pay more attention to the existing trade-off between the occupancy costs and the holdings of real estate as ownership, as a significant negative correlation between the two indicators was found for the best performing companies. However, the level of this correlation was still rather small. Moreover, to increase performance, companies should be able to recognise that maintaining constant investments in CRE is a better solution than increasing these investments and locking more capital into illiquid assets (which have lower returns than the core business), especially during periods of turmoil and financial crisis.Originality/valueFor the first time, the Italian manufacturing sector has been widely investigated.