bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The financial and quality‐of‐life cost to patients living with a chronic wound in the community
Authors: Kapp Suzanne , Santamaria Nick 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTChronic wounds are associated with financial and personal costs. The system level expense associated with chronic wounds has been established, however, the out‐of‐pocket cost incurred by individuals who self‐fund has not been the focus of extensive investigation. Recently, there has been renewed interest in evaluating quality of life, in line with the shift to patient enablement and self‐care in chronic disease management.The objectives of this research were to describe the out‐of‐pocket wound treatment costs and the quality of life of people who have chronic wounds. A questionnaire incorporating the Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule and purpose‐designed instruments was completed by a non‐probability, convenience sample of 113 people in Australia and Wales. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics.The sample was on average 63·6 years of age and had wounds that were on an average 109 weeks duration. Participants had spent on average AU$2475 on wound dressing products since the wound started, and AU$121·82 in the most recent 28 days which represented 10% of their disposable income. Health‐related quality of life was sub‐optimal, 6/10 (ave) according to the Cardiff Wound Impact Schedule. Younger participants reported significantly poorer quality of life on all CWIS sub‐scales when compared to older participants.This study found that chronic wounds present a significant financial cost to individuals who must self‐fund their wound dressings and other wound treatment related expenses. Participants who had access to wound product subsidisation also experienced personal financial costs. People who have chronic wounds experience sub‐optimal quality of life therefore this condition is also costly to the individual's well‐being. The quality of life of younger people has not received adequate attention and requires further consideration given the many years that younger people may have to live with this debilitating and often recurrent condition.Continued action is required to reduce the financial and personal costs experienced by people who have chronic wounds. It is imperative that healthcare funding is directed to people who have chronic wounds, in particular to alleviate the out‐of‐pocket costs experienced by self‐funders. Continued attention to the quality of life of people who have chronic wounds is required to minimise the negative effects of this condition and enhance well‐being.
2D photonic crystal layer assisted thiosilicate ceramic plate with red‐emitting film for high quality w‐LEDs
Authors: Dai Wubin , Lei Yifeng , Zhou Jia , Zhao Yan , Zheng Yunhao , Xu Man , Wang Shulin , Shen Fan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this work, we have succeeded in obtaining high quality warm w‐light‐emitting‐diodes (LEDs) by adopting hybrid two‐dimensional (2D) structure of SiNx photonic crystal layer (PCL) assisted cyan‐emitting ceramic‐plate thiosilicate SrLa2Si2S8:Ce3+ with red‐emitting film SrLiAl3N4:Eu2+ phosphor on a 430 nm blue LED chip at 350 mA. 2D SiNx PCL was capped with thiosilicate is because it can enhance the luminous efficacy and maintain the low correlated color temperature (CCT) and high color‐rendering index (CRI). High luminous efficacy (82.3 lm/W), high special CRI (R9=75) as well as the low CCT (5431 K) of the optimal w‐LED was obtained due to the assistances of 2D SiNx PCL and narrow‐band red‐emitting phosphor with the doping percentage at 10 wt%. The synthesis processes, structural analysis, optical properties and LED device performances were detailed investigated to find out the relationship between the optimum composition and good optical properties. Based on intriguing luminescence properties by the 2D SiNx PCL and red‐emitting film phosphor introducing, we proclaim this method could also have high potential application in other phosphor‐converted w‐LEDs.
Risk stratification of patients with left atrial appendage thrombus prior to catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: An approach towards an individualized use of transesophageal echocardiography
Authors: Gunawardene Melanie A. , Dickow Jannis , Schaeffer Benjamin N. , Akbulak Ruken Ö. , Lemoine Marc D. , Nührich Jana M. , Jularic Mario , Sinning Christoph , Eickholt Christian , Meyer Christian , Moser Julia M. , Hoffmann Boris A. , Willems Stephan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe need for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) before catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (CA‐AF) is still being questioned. The aim of this study is to analyze patients’ (patients) risk factors of left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) prior to CA‐AF in daily clinical practice, according to oral anticoagulation (OAC) strategies recommended by current guidelines.Methods and resultsAll patients scheduled for CA‐AF from 01/2015 to 12/2016 in our center were included and either treated with NOACs (novel‐OAC; paused 24‐hours preablation) or continuous vitamin K antagonists (INR 2.0–3.0). All patients received a preprocedural TEE at the day of ablation. Two groups were defined: (1) patients without LAAT, (2) patients with LAAT.The incidence of LAAT was 0.78% (13 of 1,658 patients). No LAAT was detected in patients with a CHA2DS2‐VASc score of ≤1 (n = 640 patients) irrespective of the underlying AF type. Independent predictors for LAAT are: higher CHA2DS2‐VASc scores (odds ratio [OR] 1.54, 95%‐confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–2.23, P = 0.0019), a history of nonparoxysmal AF (OR 7.96, 95%‐CI: 1.52–146.64, P = 0.049), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM; OR 9.63, 95% CI: 1.36–43.05, P = 0.007), and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 30% (OR 8.32, 95% CI: 1.18–36.29, P = 0.011). The type of OAC was not predictive (P = 0.70).ConclusionsThe incidence of LAAT in patients scheduled for CA‐AF is low. Therefore, periprocedural OAC strategies recommended by current guidelines seem feasible. Preprocedural TEE may be dispensed in patients with a CHA2DS2‐VASc score ≤1. However, a CHA2DS2‐VASc score ≥2, reduced LVEF, HCM, or history of nonparoxysmal AF are independently associated with an increased risk for LAAT.
Functional Impairment: An Unmeasured Marker of Medicare Costs for Postacute Care of Older Adults
Authors: Greysen S. Ryan , Stijacic Cenzer Irena , Boscardin W. John , Covinsky Kenneth E. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo assess the effects of preadmission functional impairment on Medicare costs of postacute care up to 365 days after hospital discharge.DesignLongitudinal cohort study.SettingHealth and Retirement Study (HRS).ParticipantsNationally representative sample of 16,673 Medicare hospitalizations of 8,559 community‐dwelling older adults from 2000 to 2012.MeasurementsThe main outcome was total Medicare costs in the year after hospital discharge, assessed according to Medicare claims data. The main predictor was functional impairment (level of difficulty or dependence in activities of daily living (ADLs)), determined from HRS interview preceding hospitalization. Multivariable linear regression was performed, adjusted for age, race, sex, income, net worth, and comorbidities, with clustering at the individual level to characterize the association between functional impairment and costs of postacute care.ResultsUnadjusted mean Medicare costs for 1 year after discharge increased with severity of impairment in a dose‐response fashion (P < .001 for trend); 68% had no functional impairment ($25,931), 17% had difficulty with one ADL ($32,501), 7% had dependency in one ADL ($39,928), and 8% had dependency in two or more ADLs ($45,895). The most severely impaired participants cost 77% more than those with no impairment; adjusted analyses showed attenuated effect size (33% more) but no change in trend. Considering costs attributable to comorbidities, only three conditions were more expensive than severe functional impairment (lymphoma, metastatic cancer, paralysis).ConclusionFunctional impairment is associated with greater Medicare costs for postacute care and may be an unmeasured but important marker of long‐term costs that cuts across conditions.
Protracted thrusting followed by late rapid cooling of the Greater Himalayan Sequence, Annapurna Himalaya, Central Nepal: Insights from titanite petrochronology
Authors: Walters Jesse B. , Kohn Matthew J. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) has commonly been treated as a large coherently deforming high‐grade tectonic package, exhumed primarily by simultaneous thrust‐ and normal‐sense shearing on its bounding structures and erosion along its frontal exposure. A new paradigm, developed over the past decade, suggests that the GHS is not a single high‐grade lithotectonic unit, but consists of in‐sequence thrust sheets. In this study, we examine this concept in central Nepal by integrating temperature–time (T–t) paths, based on coupled Zr‐in‐titanite thermometry and U–Pb geochronology for upper GHS calcsilicates, with traditional thermobarometry, textural relationships and field mapping. Peak Zr‐in‐titanite temperatures are 760–850°C at 10–13 kbar, and U–Pb ages of titanite range from c. 30 to c. 15 Ma. Sector zoning of Zr and distribution of U–Pb ages within titanite suggest that diffusion rates of Zr and Pb are slower than experimentally determined rates, and these systems remain unaffected into the lower granulite facies. Two types of T–t paths occur across the Chame Shear Zone (CSZ). Between c. 25 and 17–16 Ma, hangingwall rocks cool at rates of 1–10°C/Ma, while footwall rocks heat at rates of 1–10°C/Ma. Over the same interval, temperatures increase structurally upwards through the hangingwall, but by 17–16 Ma temperatures converge. In contrast, temperatures decrease upwards in footwall rocks at all times. While the footwall is interpreted as an intact, structurally upright section, the thermometric inversion within the hangingwall suggests thrusting of hotter rocks over colder from c. 25 to c. 17–16 Ma. Retrograde hydration that is restricted to the hangingwall, and a lithological repetition of orthogneiss are consistent with thrust‐sense shear on the CSZ. The CSZ is structurally higher than previously identified intra‐GHS thrusts in central Nepal, and thrusting duration was 3–6 Ma longer than proposed for other intra‐GHS thrusts in this region. Cooling rates for both the hangingwall and footwall of the CSZ are comparable to or faster than rates for other intra‐GHS thrust sheets in Nepal. The overlap in high‐T titanite U–Pb ages and previously published muscovite 40Ar/39Ar cooling ages imply cooling rates for the hangingwall of ≥200°C/Ma after thrusting. Causes of rapid cooling include passive exhumation driven by a combination of duplexing in the Lesser Himalayan Sequence, and juxtaposition of cooler rocks on top of the GHS by the STDS. Normal‐sense displacement does not appear to affect T–t paths for rocks immediately below the STDS prior to 17–16 Ma.
Characterizing dynamic sensory properties of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners with temporal check‐all‐that‐apply
Authors: Reyes M. Michelle , Castura John C. , Hayes John E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTemporal check‐all‐that‐apply (TCATA) is a rapid method where attributes are actively checked and unchecked to track sensations over time, so that the checked words fully describe the sample in any given moment. Here, we characterize the temporal profiles of sweeteners using TCATA. In two experiments, sweeteners were tested in water at concentrations known to elicit weak to moderate sweetness. Before evaluating the sweeteners, participants (n = ∼125 per experiment) were familiarized with the TCATA method with a guided example using imaginary samples of Kool‐Aid. Participants then received 10 ml of each sweetener solution and were instructed to click “start” after he or she finished swallowing the sample. Incidence of six attributes obtained from prior literature—sweet, bitter, metallic, licorice, cooling, and drying—was obtained for 60 s. We observed similarities across temporal profiles of various sweeteners: sweet and bitter occurred first (∼10 s), then metallic and cooling (∼10–25 s), followed by drying much later (30–50 s depending on the stimulus). The presence of side tastes influenced how often “sweet” was endorsed: stimuli with fewer endorsements of side tastes showed more prominent sweetness. Finally, unfamiliar side tastes may lead to a smearing bias where participants check every attribute in an attempt to characterize those unfamiliar sensations.Practical applicationsTraditional continuous time intensity methods only allow one or two attributes to be assessed at a time, while discrete multi‐attribute time intensity methods may miss important changes in sensation, depending on the interval between ratings. The inclusion of multiple attributes in temporal check‐all‐that‐apply allows continuous tracking of side tastes that are not the most intense/dominant sensation; this may be especially important for stimuli where a secondary attribute is still a strong driver of acceptability in spite of not being the most intense sensation, as with nonnutritive sweeteners.
Functions of Career Resilience Against Reality Shock, Focusing on Full‐time Employees During Their First Year of Work
Authors: Kodama Makiko 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the role of career resilience in coping with reality shock. Career resilience was defined as psychological traits that help individuals to cope with career risks and promote their own career development. It consisted of five factors: (a) ability to cope with problems and changes; (b) social skills; (c) interest in novelty; (d) optimism about the future; and (e) willingness to help others. Full‐time employees in their first year of employment (N = 233) participated in an online survey to measure career resilience, reality shock, and the degree of career development. The study found that coping with changes and being optimistic about the future could prevent the experience of reality shock. The result also suggested that good social skills prevented experience of reality shock from inhibiting career development.
Voluntary recording scheme reveals ongoing decline in the United Kingdom hazel dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius population
Authors: Goodwin Cecily E. D. , Hodgson David J. , Al‐Fulaij Nida , Bailey Sallie , Langton Steve , Mcdonald Robbie A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

In order to conserve threatened species, knowledge of the status, trends and trajectories of populations is required. Co‐ordinating collection of these data is challenging, especially for inconspicuous species such as the hazel dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius.

The UK National Dormouse Monitoring Programme (NDMP) is comprised of nest box recording schemes organised by volunteers. The number, size, and coverage of these schemes has varied over time. Such changes risk conflation of genuine population trends with covarying artefacts, including survey effort and expansion into sites of variable quality.

We provide a robust analysis of count data from 400 NDMP sites from 1993 to 2014 and demonstrate that changes in counts are not an artefact of survey characteristics. In relation to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria, we conclude that dormouse counts in nest boxes are an index of abundance appropriate to the taxon and allow the inference of population reduction of 72% (95% confidence intervals 62–79%) over the 22 years from 1993 to 2014, equivalent to a mean annual rate of decline of 5.8% (4.5–7.1%). This decline is ongoing.

We highlight difficulties in assigning an IUCN Red List conservation category to a population, given variation in apparent trends over consecutive time‐periods. In eight out of 13 sliding window intervals of 10 years from 1993 to 2014, the 95% confidence intervals overlap a decline of 50%. While average population decline over 10‐year periods suggests that the hazel dormouse should be classified as Vulnerable, a precautionary approach would not rule out the category of Endangered in the United Kingdom, given the lower bounds of population change estimates, the mean annual rate of decline and ongoing decline.

Ongoing decline in the hazel dormouse population is despite a high level of species protection and widespread conservation measures. The hazel dormouse is a UK Biodiversity Action Plan Priority Species and a European Protected Species, and the causes of population reduction are not well understood and may not have ceased. An urgent appraisal of dormouse conservation is required to ensure the species’ favourable conservation status.
Weight gain in the first week of life predicts overweight at 2 years: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Feldman‐Winter Lori , Burnham Laura , Grossman Xena , Matlak Stephanie , Chen Ning , Merewood Anne 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn formula‐fed infants, rapid weight gain during the first week of life is associated with later obesity. To examine the association between weight gain during the first week and overweight at age 2 among infants with various feeding practices and the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding in early infancy and overweight, we enrolled a prospective cohort of healthy mother–infant dyads and followed them for 2 years. We enrolled 450 mother/infant pairs and obtained information on 306 infants at year 2. Weight change during the first week of life and detailed feeding information were collected during the first month of life. Anthropometric measures were collected at 2 years. Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥85th percentile for age. At 2 years, 81% had normal weights and 19% were overweight. Maternal pre‐pregnancy BMI; infant birth weight; maternal education; and Women, Infants, and Children status were associated with the risk of overweight at age 2. Children who gained more than 100 g during the first week were 2.3 times as likely after adjustment (p = .02) to be overweight at age 2 compared to infants who lost weight. There was no association between feeding type and BMI, but feeding type was significantly associated with change in weight at week 1 and anthropometric measurements at age 2. Infant weight gain in the first week of life is related to overweight at age 2, and exclusively breastfed infants are least likely to gain ≥100 g.
State, trait, and dental anxiety in caregivers of individuals with disabilities
Authors: Pinho Roberto Carlos Mourão , da Silva Barbosa André Cavalcante , Caldas‐Júnior Arnaldo de França , Vasconcelos Márcia Maria Vendiciano Barbosa , Cimões Renata , Santos Maria Teresa Botti Rodrigues dos 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTPurposeThe aim of this study was to compare state anxiety, trait anxiety, and dental anxiety in caregivers of patients with special needs and caregivers of pediatric patients without special needs at dental clinics.Materials and MethodsA quantitative, cross‐sectional study was conducted. Data were collected using a semistructured questionnaire. All respondents were older than 18 years of age. Individuals with cognitive impairment and those taking anxiolytics, antidepressants, or sleep‐inducing medication were excluded from the study. The sample consisted of 55 caregivers of patients with special needs and 55 caregivers of pediatric dental patients. A questionnaire was administered to determine the sociodemographic profile of the patients based on the 2015 Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria. Anxiety regarding dental treatment was measured using the dental anxiety scale. The state‐trait anxiety inventory was used to identify state and trait anxiety levels.ResultsCaregivers of individuals with disabilities had a similar level of anxiety as caregivers of pediatric dental patients. Most caregivers of individuals with disabilities were mothers with an older age and a greater frequency of trait anxiety, especially when these mothers had health problems. State anxiety was associated with a lower education level.ConclusionsHigher dental anxiety levels were found among caregivers with a higher level of trait anxiety, independently of the type of patient to which care was given.
MODELLING TUMOR GROWTH WITH IMMUNE RESPONSE AND DRUG USING ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: Admon Mohd Rashid , Maan Normah 
Published: June 2017

This is a mathematical study about tumor growth from a different perspective, with the aim of predicting and/or controlling the disease. The focus is on the effect and interaction of tumor cell with immune and drug. This paper presents a mathematical model of immune response and a cycle phase specific drug using a system of ordinary differential equations. Stability analysis is used to produce stability regions for various values of certain parameters during mitosis. The stability region of the graph shows that the curve splits the tumor decay and growth regions in the absence of immune response. However, when immune response is present, the tumor growth region is decreased. When drugs are considered in the system, the stability region remains unchanged as the system with the presence of immune response but the population of tumor cells at interphase and metaphase is reduced with percentage differences of 1.27 and 1.53 respectively. The combination of immunity and drug to fight cancer provides a better method to reduce tumor population compared to immunity alone.
The
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PSL Polysaccharide Is a Social but Noncheatable Trait in Biofilms
Authors: Irie Yasuhiko , Roberts Aled E. L. , Kragh Kasper N. , Gordon Vernita D. , Hutchison Jaime , Allen Rosalind J. , Melaugh Gavin , Bjarnsholt Thomas , West Stuart A. , Diggle Stephen P. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Extracellular polysaccharides are compounds secreted by microorganisms into the surrounding environment, and they are important for surface attachment and maintaining structural integrity within biofilms. The social nature of many extracellular polysaccharides remains unclear, and it has been suggested that they could function as either cooperative public goods or as traits that provide a competitive advantage. Here, we empirically tested the cooperative nature of the PSL polysaccharide, which is crucial for the formation of biofilms in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
. We show that (i) PSL is not metabolically costly to produce; (ii) PSL provides population-level benefits in biofilms, for both growth and antibiotic tolerance; (iii) the benefits of PSL production are social and are shared with other cells; (iv) the benefits of PSL production appear to be preferentially directed toward cells which produce PSL; (v) cells which do not produce PSL are unable to successfully exploit cells which produce PSL. Taken together, this suggests that PSL is a social but relatively nonexploitable trait and that growth within biofilms selects for PSL-producing strains, even when multiple strains are on a patch (low relatedness at the patch level).

IMPORTANCE
Many studies have shown that bacterial traits, such as siderophores and quorum sensing, are social in nature. This has led to an impression that secreted traits act as public goods, which are costly to produce but benefit both the producing cell and its surrounding neighbors. Theories and subsequent experiments have shown that such traits are exploitable by asocial cheats, but we show here that this does not always hold true. We demonstrate that the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
exopolysaccharide PSL provides social benefits to populations but that it is nonexploitable, because most of the fitness benefits accrue to PSL-producing cells. Our work builds on an increasing body of work showing that secreted traits can have both private and public benefits to cells.