bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy Supervised Usage of Adaptive Devices on Functional Outcomes and Independence after Total Hip Replacement in Iranian Elderly: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Jame Bozorgi Ali Asghar , Ghamkhar Leila , Kahlaee Amir Hossein , Sabouri Hamidreza 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe aim of this randomized controlled trial was to assess the effect of an occupational therapy protocol of teaching the usage of adaptive devices to older individuals in Iran who have had a total hip replacement as compared with conventional occupational therapy on functional outcomes and independence. Forty individuals diagnosed with osteoarthritis and a total hip replacement aged >60 years were randomly allocated to either control group (n = 20) or experimental (n = 20) group. Pain, disability, independence and hip muscle strength were assessed with visual analogue scale, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis and Barthel Index and dynamometer, 2 days before and 6 weeks after the hip operation. Both groups received conventional occupational therapy, but the experimental group was additionally supervised on the use of adaptive devices. Correct use of the devices was instructed during the training session. Both groups significantly improved on all variables post‐operatively. However, the experimental group showed significantly more improvement in all dependent variables post‐operatively. No data were available on the use of the devices by the control group patients. Supervision of the utilization of the adaptive devices during regular home visits by the occupational therapist is recommended. Further research is needed to clarify which aspects of this supervision were most beneficial for the patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emission Factors for Aerial Pyrotechnics and Use in Assessing Environmental Impact of Firework Displays: Case Study from Malta
Authors: Camilleri Renato , Vella Alfred J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe measurement of emission factors for PM10 for different aerial (display) firework devices, namely, flash crackers, stars, blast charges, and fuse matches as produced in Malta are reported herein. Additionally, the content in fireworks‐generated PM10 of Al, Ba, Cu, Sr, and Sb is determined. PM10 values were as follows in kg per kg composition: blast charges 0.054; flash crackers 0.43; stars 0.175 (red); 0.176 (blue); 0.254 (green); 0.123 (white); fuse matches 0.204. The metal content in PM10 from fireworks (in kg per kg composition) depends on the type of device burnt, with green stars producing Ba at 0.0553, blue stars Cu at 0.0123, and red stars Sr at 0.0057. White stars and flash crackers containing Sb2S3 produce Sb at 0.0395 and 0.1083 kg per kg composition, respectively. We used these emission factors and trade information on chemicals used for the manufacture of pyrotechnics in Malta to estimate the total load of PM10 and associated metalliferous content released to the atmosphere from aerial fireworks displays. In 2007, PM10 emissions amounted to about 37 t and metal loads (in kg) were Al (2193), Ba (1161), Sb (504), Cu (331), and Sr (142). The data and modeling approach presented herein illustrates a general methodology for the assessment of environmental risk from display fireworks especially when more specific information is unavailable.
Dairy proteins and soy proteins in infant foods nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors
Authors: Maubois J.-L. , Lorient D. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Protein content of any source is classically determined through the analysis of its nitrogen content done for more 100 years by the Kjeldahl method, and the obtained result is multiplied by a number named nitrogen conversion factor (NCF). The value of NCF is related to the amino acid composition of the protein source and to the eventual presence of side groups covalently bound to some amino acids of the protein chain. Consequently, the value of NCF cannot be identical for all sources of food proteins. The aim of this paper is to review the available knowledge on the two allowed protein sources for infant food formulas, milk and soybean, in order to bring the right scientific basis which should be used for the revision of both European legislation and Codex Standard for Infant Formulas.
Clinical events and their relation to the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 genotypes in Sickle-Cell-Anemia patients
Authors: Andrade Cavalcante Jaâio Emanuel , Gonçalves Machado Rosângela Pinheiro , Laurentino Marilia Rocha , de Jesus dos Santos Talyta Ellen , Justino Bandeira Izabel Cristina , Maia Filho Pedro Aurio , Figueiredo Monalisa Feliciano , Costa Martins Alice Maria , Gonçalves Lemes Romélia Pinheiro 
Published: December 2015

Objective/background:
Sickle-cell anemia (SCA) is a genetic blood disease characterized by chronic inflammation and a heterogeneous clinical picture. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels are associated with the clinical course of SCA. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the frequency of the polymorphisms TNF-alpha- 308 G . A, IL-10-1082 G . A, IL-10-819 C . T, and IL-10-592 A . C; serum TNF-alpha; and IL-10 levels, and the incidence of clinical events in SCA patients.

Methods:
Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay were performed on 25 adults with SCA at the steady state; their data were compared with those for 26 healthy individuals.

Results:
The most frequent genotype of the TNF-alpha polymorphism was GG (low producer), and the most frequent genotype of the IL-10 polymorphisms was “low producer” (ACC ACC, ACC ATA, ATA ATA). The TNF-alpha levels were significantly higher in SCA in patients with acute chest syndrome (ACS). The IL-10 levels were reduced in polytransfusion and in patients with ACS.

Conclusion:
The patients presented prevalence of TNF-alpha and IL-10 low-profile producer. The cytokine serum levels presented an association with the presence of polytransfusion and ACS in SCA patients.
Study of gonadal hormones in Egyptian female children with sickle cell anemia in correlation with iron overload
Authors: Hagag Adel A. , El-Farargy Mohamed S. , Elrefaey Shaymaa , Abo El-enein Amany M. 
Published: December 2015

Objective/Background:
Sickle cell disease is a hereditary hemoglobinopathy characterized by abnormal hemoglobin production, hemolytic anemia, and intermittent occlusion of small blood vessels, leading to tissue ischemia, chronic organ damage, and organ dysfunction including endocrine organs. The aim of this work was to evaluate some gonadal hormones in female children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) in correlation with iron overload.

Methods:
This study was conducted on 40 female children with SCA with a serum ferritin of > 1000 ng/mL, who were attendants at the Hematology Unit, Pediatric Department, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt in the period from May 2012 to April 2014. Their ages ranged from 11 years to 15 years and the mean age value was 12.63 ± 1.36 years (Group I). Forty female children with SCA of matched age with no iron overload served as a control Group (Group II). For all patients in Groups I and II the following were performed/assessed: complete blood count, hemoglobin electrophoresis, serum iron status, serum estrogen, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH).

Results:
There were significantly higher serum ferritin and serum iron levels and significantly lower total iron binding capacity, FSH, LH, and estrogen levels in Group I compared with Group II (mean serum ferritin was 2635.1 ± 918.9 in Group I vs. 292.55 ± 107.2 in Group II with a p value of .001; mean serum iron was 196.3 ± 55.6 in Group I vs. 120 ± 16.57 in Group II with a p value of .001 and mean serum total iron binding capacity was 247.3 ± 28.6 in Group I vs. 327.8.7 ± 21.96 in Group II with a p value of .001; mean FSH level was 1.36 ± 0.22 mIU/mL in Group I vs. 2.64 ± 0.81 mIU/mL in Group II with a p value of .021; mean LH level was 0.11 ± 0.006 mIU/mL in Group I vs. 1.78 ± 1.12 mIU/mL in Group II with a p value of .003; mean estrogen level was 21.45 ± 10.23 pg/mL in Group I vs. 42.36 ± 15.44 pg/mL in Group II with a p value of 0.001) with significant negative correlation between serum gonadal hormones and serum ferritin (r = – .835 and p value of .01 for FSH and serum ferritin; r = – .597 and a p value of .01 for LH and serum ferritin; and r = – 0.624 and p value of .01 for estrogen and serum ferritin.

Conclusion:
Female patients with SCA with iron overload may have gonadal hormone deficiency with significant negative correlations between gonadal hormones including FSH, LH, estrogen, and serum ferritin. Recommendations include regular iron chelation for prevention of irreversible damage of the ovaries and attaining normal sexual maturation, and regular follow up for females with SCA with assessment of puberty as they are more vulnerable to develop hypogonadism and may require hormonal replacement therapy.
Consumption of a calcium and vitamin D-fortified food product does not affect iron status during initial military training: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Hennigar Stephen R. , Gaffney-Stomberg Erin , Lutz Laura J. , Cable Sonya J. , Pasiakos Stefan M. , Young Andrew J. , McClung James P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCa/vitamin D supplementation maintains bone health and decreases stress fracture risk during initial military training (IMT); however, there is evidence that Ca may negatively affect the absorption of other critical micronutrients, particularly Fe. The objective of this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to determine whether providing 2000 mg/d Ca and 25µg/d vitamin D in a fortified food product during 9 weeks of military training affects Fe status in young adults. Male (n98) and female (n54) volunteers enrolled in US Army basic combat training (BCT) were randomised to receive a snack bar with Ca/vitamin D (n75) or placebo (snack bar without Ca/vitamin D;n77) and were instructed to consume 2 snack bars/d between meals throughout the training course. Circulating ionised Ca was higher (P<0·05) following BCT among those consuming the Ca/vitamin D bars compared with placebo. Fe status declined in both groups over the course of BCT. Transferrin saturation, serum ferritin and Hb were reduced (P<0·05) and soluble transferrin receptor increased (P<0·05) following BCT. There were no differences (P>0·05) in markers of Fe status between placebo and Ca/vitamin D groups. Collectively, these data indicate that Ca/vitamin D supplementation through the use of a fortified food product consumed between meals does not affect Fe status during IMT.
‘Displacement’ before Displacement: Time, Place and the Case of Rural Urabá
Authors: CELESTINA MATEJA 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAddressing the case of a community from rural Urabá, Colombia, this article focuses on the temporality of population displacement and asks: when does the ‘clock’ of displacement start? Drawing upon an in-depth ethnographic fieldwork it challenges the state driven narrative that displacement can be understood from the moment one leaves their residence and advances the argument that displacement is more than just physical relocation. By engaging with the broader social, political and economic context in which displacement occurred and bringing local voices to the fore, this article demonstrates how the experience of violence engendered a sense of displacement before residents actually left.
Self-motions of pentapods with linear platform
Authors: Nawratil Georg , Schicho Josef 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARYWe give a full classification of all pentapods with linear platform possessing a self-motion beside the trivial rotation about the platform. Recent research necessitates a contemporary and accurate re-examination of old results on this topic given by Darboux, Mannheim, Duporcq and Bricard, which also takes the coincidence of platform anchor points into account. For our study we use bond theory with respect to a novel kinematic mapping for pentapods with linear platform, beside the method of singular-invariant leg-rearrangements. Based on our results we design pentapods with linear platform, which have a simplified direct kinematics concerning their number of (real) solutions.
Delusional misidentification syndromes in a woman with mild learning disabilities
Authors: Cooper Sally-Ann , Collacott Richard A 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSchizophrenia is thought to be the commonest setting in which delusional misidentification syndromes occur. Although schizophrenia is said to occur more commonly in people with learning disabilities, when compared to the general population, reports of delusional misidentification syndromes are extremely limited. The case of a 31 year old woman with mild learning disabilities and first episode of acute schizophrenia is described. She had both Capgras and Fregoli syndromes, and a rare variant of Capgras syndrome in which the misidentification was of a cat, rather than a significant person in her life. Aetiological factors are discussed.
Periconceptional seafood intake and pregnancy complications
Authors: Mohanty April F , Siscovick David S , Williams Michelle A , Thompson Mary Lou , Burbacher Thomas M , Enquobahrie Daniel A 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate associations of maternal periconceptional shellfish, lean fish and fatty fish intake with risk of pregnancy complications.DesignIn this prospective cohort study, we collected information on intake of seafood subtypes using FFQ. We categorized seafood intake into frequencies of <0·2 servings/month, 0·2 servings/month–<0·5 servings/week, 0·5–1·0 servings/week and >1 servings/week. We ascertained gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes and preterm birth diagnoses from medical records. Using generalized linear models with a log link, the Poisson family and robust standard errors, we estimated risk ratios and 95 % confidence intervals across seafood intake categories.SettingThe Omega study, a study of risk factors for pregnancy complications among women recruited from prenatal clinics in Washington State, USA, 1996–2008.SubjectsThe current study included 3279 participants from the Omega study.ResultsMedian (interquartile range) shellfish, lean fish and fatty fish intake was 0·3 (0–0·9), 0·5 (0–1·0) and 0·5 (0·1–1·0) servings/week, respectively. Lean fish intake of >1 servings/week (v. <0·2 servings/month) was associated with a 1·55-fold higher risk of preterm birth (95 % CI 1·04, 2·30) and was not associated with the other pregnancy complications. Higher intake of seafood (total or other subtypes) was not associated with pregnancy complications (separately or combined).ConclusionsHigher intake of lean fish, but not fatty fish or shellfish, was associated with a higher risk of preterm birth; these findings may have significance for preterm birth prevention. Studies of mechanisms and potential contributing factors (including seafood preparation and nutrient/contaminant content) are warranted.
Institutions matter: but which institutions? And how and why do they change?
Authors: TYLECOTE ANDREW 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBoth political and economic institutions matter for economic growth and development, and are indissolubly connected: sustained economic growth requires far-reaching opening up of the economy and polity to wide participation. This review essay draws on three books which share this view of institutions, to develop an argument on which institutions matter most, and how and why they change. Like them, it uses history as laboratory. Northet al.(2009) inViolence and Social Ordersfocus on Britain, France and the United States, in which change was generally progressive, to study such change from the medieval to the modern period. Jan van Zanden inThe Long Road to the Industrial Revolutionlooks at Europe, 1000–1800, in particular the Netherlands and England, finding regressive as well as progressive change. Acemoglu and Robinson also examine both directions of change, inWhy Nations Fail:they range widely in space, but little before the 16th century. All three offer powerful tools of analysis. All have implications for policy-makers in advanced societies who wish to promote the development of ‘inclusive’ institutions elsewhere. Two striking surprises emerge, and oneprime mover– an institution with particular power to change others – the medieval Catholic church.
The UN Human Rights Special Rapporteurs and the Impact of their Work: Some Reflections of the UN Special Rapporteur for Cambodia
Authors: SUBEDI Surya P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAs one of only twelve UN country-specific mandate holders, and as the longest-serving UN Special Rapporteur for Human Rights in Cambodia, my work has had a significant impact on the situation of human rights in that country, with many of my recommendations having been implemented by the government. The Parliament of Cambodia has enacted three fundamental laws designed to enhance the independence and capacity of the judiciary, and has amended the Constitution of the country to make the National Election Commission a constitutional, independent, and autonomous body, in line with my recommendations. In this paper I examine the role of the UN country-specific mandate holders, the approach that I took to implement my mandate in Cambodia, and the impact of my work in that country.
Environmental Justice in India: The National Green Tribunal and Expert Members
Authors: Gill Gitanjali Nain 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article argues that the involvement of technical experts in decision making promotes better environmental results while simultaneously recognizing the uncertainty in science. India’s record as a progressive jurisdiction in environmental matters through its proactive judiciary is internationally recognized. The neoteric National Green Tribunal of India (NGT) – officially described as a ‘specialised body equipped with necessary expertise to handle environmental disputes involving multi-disciplinary issues’ – is a forum which offers greater plurality for environmental justice. The NGT, in exercising wide powers, is staffed by judicial and technical expert members who decide cases in an open forum. The experts are ‘central’, rather than ‘marginal’, to the NGT’s decision-making process.This article draws on theoretical insights developed by Lorna Schrefler and Peter Haas to analyze the role of scientific experts as decision makers within the NGT. Unprecedented interview access provides data that grants an insight into the internal decision-making processes of the five benches of the NGT. Reported cases, supported by additional comments of bench members, illustrate the wider policy impact of scientific knowledge and its contribution to the NGT’s decision-making process.
Motivational State and Personality in Relation to Emotion, Stress,	and HRV Responses to Aerobic Exercise
Authors: Kuroda Yusuke , Hudson Joanne , Thatcher Rhys 
Published: December 2015

Abstract. This study examined emotion, stress, and performance during aerobic exercise performed in the telic and paratelic states, in relation to telic and paratelic dominance. The study tested the misfit effect and is the first to examine heart rate variability (HRV) responses to exercise in relation to both personality and motivational state. Based on their Paratelic Dominance Scale scores, participants identified as telic dominant (TD) and paratelic dominant (PD) completed ramp tests following telic and paratelic state manipulations (repeated measures). In each condition, participants watched “serious” (telic) or “playful” (paratelic) videos for 10 min, then performed a ramp test on a cycle ergometer while continuing to watch the videos throughout the entire protocol. Motivational state (telic/paratelic), HRV, emotion, and stress levels were measured at baseline, pre, post, and 15 min post-ramp test. Time to exhaustion was measured as an index of performance. Limited support was obtained for the misfit effect as interactions between state and dominance were not revealed for any of the variables with the exception of low frequent (LF) and the low frequent/high frequent ratio (LF/HF % normalized), which can be interpreted as indicating that both groups were more relaxed in their preferred state condition. Regardless, findings offer useful insight into methodological considerations for similar studies, such as consideration of the moderating effects of exercise characteristics. Our findings also confirm a number of reversal theory ( Apter, 1982 ) proposals including the concept of dominance as an individual difference factor, with varying characteristics of different dominances, based on physiological response variables. We recommend continued research into the misfit effect with larger samples, and designs that accommodate the methodological considerations raised by the present results.
Transformation and patterning of supermicelles using dynamic holographic assembly
Authors: Gould Oliver E.C. , Qiu Huibin , Lunn David J. , Rowden John , Harniman Robert L. , Hudson Zachary M. , Winnik Mitchell A. , Miles Mervyn J. , Manners Ian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAlthough the solution self-assembly of block copolymers has enabled the fabrication of a broad range of complex, functional nanostructures, their precise manipulation and patterning remain a key challenge. Here we demonstrate that spherical and linear supermicelles, supramolecular structures held together by non-covalent solvophobic and coordination interactions and formed by the hierarchical self-assembly of block copolymer micelle and block comicelle precursors, can be manipulated, transformed and patterned with mediation by dynamic holographic assembly (optical tweezers). This allows the creation of new and stable soft-matter superstructures far from equilibrium. For example, individual spherical supermicelles can be optically held in close proximity and photocrosslinked through controlled coronal chemistry to generate linear oligomeric arrays. The use of optical tweezers also enables the directed deposition and immobilization of supermicelles on surfaces, allowing the precise creation of arrays of soft-matter nano-objects with potentially diverse functionality and a range of applications.
A tyrosine–tryptophan dyad and radical-based charge transfer in a ribonucleotide reductase-inspired maquette
Authors: Pagba Cynthia V. , McCaslin Tyler G. , Veglia Gianluigi , Porcelli Fernando , Yohannan Jiby , Guo Zhanjun , McDaniel Miranda , Barry Bridgette A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn class 1a ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), a substrate-based radical is generated in the α2 subunit by long-distance electron transfer involving an essential tyrosyl radical (Y122O·) in the β2 subunit. The conserved W48 β2 is ∼10 Å from Y122OH; mutations at W48 inactivate RNR. Here, we design a beta hairpin peptide, which contains such an interacting tyrosine–tryptophan dyad. The NMR structure of the peptide establishes that there is no direct hydrogen bond between the phenol and the indole rings. However, electronic coupling between the tyrosine and tryptophan occurs in the peptide. In addition, downshifted ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) frequencies are observed for the radical state, reproducing spectral downshifts observed for β2. The frequency downshifts of the ring and CO bands are consistent with charge transfer from YO· to W or another residue. Such a charge transfer mechanism implies a role for the β2 Y-W dyad in electron transfer.