bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Partnering with AI: how organizations can win over skeptical managers
Authors: Kolbjørnsrud Vegard , Amico Richard , Thomas Robert J. 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
According to the authors’ research, while top-level executives look forward to the potential of artificial intelligent systems in their firms, line managers are much more skeptical. This article advises on i8mplementation strategy.

Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on findings from Accenture’s survey of 1,770 managers in 14 countries and interviews with 37 senior executives responsible for digital transformation, the authors have identified patterns in managers’ attitudes and offer strategies for effective adoption of the new technology.

Findings
When managers have a say and involvement in initial training efforts, they gain a sense of ownership throughout the learning process as well as familiarity with intelligent systems.

Practical implications
The introduction of AI will put a premium on “soft” skills such as collaboration, creativity and good judgment, which may be just as important, if not more important, than technical skills in the future.

Originality/value
The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) promises to transform the nature of work and the relationship among human beings and machines in organizations. When the authors asked whether leaders would be comfortable with AI monitoring and evaluating their work, 42 percent of the top managers in our survey strongly agreed, while only 15 percent of first-line managers shared the same sentiment.” This research discovered that top executives cannot assume that mid- and lower-level managers will share their appreciation for AI.
Thymoma‐associated multi‐organ autoimmunity: A case of graft‐versus‐host disease‐like erythroderma complicated by Good syndrome successfully treated by thymectomy
Authors: Fukushima Ayano , Ichimura Yoshiko , Obata Shoko , Kinoshita‐Ise Misaki , Fujio Yumi , Takeno Mitsuhiro , Konohana Izumi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThymoma‐associated multi‐organ autoimmunity disease (TAMA) is a rare paraneoplastic disorder, clinicopathologically similar to graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). Many reported cases follow a difficult course; half of them die from serious infectious diseases subsequent to immunosuppression induced by chemotherapy for unresectable thymoma, or intensive therapies including systemic steroids for complicating autoimmune diseases and GVHD‐like symptoms. We report a patient whose skin symptoms were improved subsequently to total thymectomy. The patient also presented with hypogammaglobulinemia, which led to the diagnosis of complicated Good syndrome. Taking account of her immunodeficient condition, antibiotics and i.v. immunoglobulin were administrated promptly on onset of bacterial pneumonia, which was successfully treated. According to a review of the published work, treatments with systemic steroids for skin symptoms have limited effects and may contribute to serious infection. Our case indicates that successful treatment of thymoma itself may lead to the amelioration of the disease. The management priority should be given to the treatment of thymoma and the control of subsequent immune abnormality other than GVHD‐like erythroderma.
Editorial: ONO‐2952 in irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea
Authors: Nee J. , Lembo A. 
Published: March 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to W. E. Whitehead et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13957 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13839.
MicroRNA‐122 can be measured in capillary blood which facilitates point‐of‐care testing for drug‐induced liver injury
Authors: Vliegenthart A. D. Bastiaan , Berends Cécile , Potter Carmelita M. J. , Kersaudy‐Kerhoas Maiwenn , Dear James W. 
Published: March 2017

AimsLiver‐enriched microRNA‐122 (miR‐122) is a novel circulating biomarker for drug‐induced liver injury (DILI). To date, miR‐122 has been measured in serum or plasma venous samples. If miR‐122 could be measured in capillary blood obtained from a finger prick it would facilitate point‐of‐care testing, such as in resource‐limited settings that have a high burden of DILI.MethodsIn this study, in healthy subjects, miR‐122 was measured by polymerase chain reaction in three capillary blood drops taken from different fingers and in venous blood and plasma (n = 20). miR‐122 was also measured in capillary blood obtained from patients with DILI (n = 8).ResultsCirculating miR‐122 could be readily measured in a capillary blood drop in healthy volunteers with a median (interquartile range) cycle threshold (Ct) of 32.6 (31.1–34.2). The coefficient of variation for intraindividual variability across replicate blood drops was 49.9%. Capillary miR‐122 faithfully reflected the concentration in venous blood and plasma (Pearson R = 0.89, P < 0.0001; 0.88, P < 0.0001, respectively). miR‐122 was 86‐fold higher in DILI patients [median value 1.0 × 108 (interquartile range 1.89 × 107–3.04 × 109) copies/blood drop] compared to healthy subjects [1.85 × 106 (4.92 × 105–5.88 × 106) copies/blood drop]. Receiver operator characteristic analysis demonstrated that capillary miR‐122 sensitively and specifically reported DILI (area under the curve: 0.96, P = 0.0002).ConclusionThis work supports the potential use of miR‐122 as biomarker of human DILI when measured in a capillary blood drop. With development across DILI aetiologies, this could be used by novel point‐of‐care technologies to produce a minimally invasive, near‐patient, diagnostic test.
Cis‐Nerolidol Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cell Death in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through Extensive CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 Oxidation
Authors: Biazi Bruna Isabela , Zanetti Thalita Alves , Baranoski Adrivanio , Corveloni Amanda Cristina , Mantovani Mário Sérgio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOf late, many studies are attempting to find new molecules with anticancer properties, especially those with the capability to inhibit cell growth. The aim of this work was to evaluate nerolidol, a plant‐based compound, as its cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, antiproliferative and apoptotic induction, cell cycle, mitochondrial membrane potential and RT‐qPCR of transcripts related to those pathways in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2/C3A). Only cis‐nerolidol (C‐NER) demonstrated cytotoxicity (100–250 μM) activity and was selected to conduct the following experiments. C‐NER did not show genotoxic activity, but altered the mitochondrial membrane potential, reduced cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle in G1 phase and induced cell death. RT‐qPCR showed that C‐NER down‐regulated genes related to apoptosis (BAK1, BAX, CAPN1, CASP8, CASP9, PARP1 and TP53), cell cycle (CCND1, CCNE1, CDK1 and CDK2), xenobiotic metabolism (CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) and paraptosis (IGF1R receptor). Up‐regulation was seen in case of genes related to cell survival (BBC3 and MYC) and reticulum stress protein response (EIF2AK3 and ERN1) and xenobiotic metabolism (CYP1A2 and CYP2C19). We deduced that the antiproliferative activity of C‐NER is attributable to its modulation of the cyclins and cyclin‐dependent kinases as these proteins are necessary for G1/S phase transition. EIF2AK3, ERN1, CYP2C19 and CYP1A2 up‐regulation suggests that endoplasmic reticulum stress was induced owing to the increased activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Caspase‐independent cell death was also observed, indicating that another type of cell death, paraptosis, was triggered. Our results indicate that C‐NER has considerable potential in anticancer therapy because it modulates important molecular targets of cell survival and proliferation.
Proportional Hazards Model with a Change Point for Clustered Event Data
Authors: Deng Yu , Zeng Donglin , Zhao Jinying , Cai Jianwen 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIn many epidemiology studies, family data with survival endpoints are collected to investigate the association between risk factors and disease incidence. Sometimes the risk of the disease may change when a certain risk factor exceeds a certain threshold. Finding this threshold value could be important for disease risk prediction and diseases prevention. In this work, we propose a change-point proportional hazards model for clustered event data. The model incorporates the unknown threshold of a continuous variable as a change point in the regression. The marginal pseudo-partial likelihood functions are maximized for estimating the regression coefficients and the unknown change point. We develop a supremum test based on robust score statistics to test the existence of the change point. The inference for the change point is based on the m out of n bootstrap. We establish the consistency and asymptotic distributions of the proposed estimators. The finite-sample performance of the proposed method is demonstrated via extensive simulation studies. Finally, the Strong Heart Family Study dataset is analyzed to illustrate the methods.
Immunosuppressive drugs affect interferon (IFN)-γ and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) kinetics in patients with newly diagnosed autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Grant C R , Holder B S , Liberal R , Heneghan M A , Ma Y , Mieli-Vergani G , Vergani D , Longhi M S 
Published: March 2017

SummaryAutoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by overwhelming effector immune responses associated with defective regulatory T cells (Tregs). Several lines of evidence indicate CD4 as the main effectors involved in autoimmune liver damage. Herein we investigate the in-vitro effects of prednisolone, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclosporin, tacrolimus, mycophenolic acid (MPA) and rapamycin, immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) used in AIH treatment, on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, co-inhibitory molecules and ability to proliferate of CD4+CD25– cells, isolated from the peripheral blood of treatment-naive patients with AIH. We note that in healthy subjects (HS) following polyclonal stimulation and in the absence of ISDs, the expression of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-17 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α by CD4 effectors peaks at 48 h and decreases at 96 h to reach baseline levels. In contrast, in AIH the expression of all these proinflammatory cytokines continue rising between 48 and 96 h. Levels of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) increase over 96-h culture both in HS and AIH, although with faster kinetics in the latter. Exposure to ISDs contains IFN-γ and PD-1 expression in AIH, where control over CD4+CD25– cell proliferation is also noted upon exposure to MPA. Treatment with tacrolimus and cyclosporin render CD4+CD25– cells more susceptible to Treg control. Collectively, our data indicate that in treatment-naive patients with AIH, all ISDs restrain T helper type 1 (Th1) cells and modulate PD-1 expression. Furthermore, they suggest that tacrolimus and cyclosporin may ameliorate effector cell responsiveness to Tregs.
Play and Children's Museums: A Path Forward or a Point of Tension?
Authors: Luke Jessica J. , Letourneau Susan M. , Rivera Nicole R. , Brahms Lisa , May Sarah 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPlay is a central, defining concept for children's museums, yet it's become a hot button issue which is problematic if play is what makes children's museums uniquely valuable. In this article, members of the Children's Museum Research Network share findings from their first research study, focused on elucidating the problem of play in children's museums. Results suggest that children's museums may not have shared definitions and conceptualizations of play.
Climate Change Education at Nature‐Based Museums
Authors: Swim Janet K. , Geiger Nathaniel , Fraser John , Pletcher Nette 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe status of climate change education at nature‐based museums (i.e., zoos, aquariums and nature centers) was examined, with a particular focus on centers participating in a National Network for Ocean and Climate Change Interpretation (NNOCCI) leadership training program. Study 1 revealed that, relative to nature‐based museums that did not participate in the training, NNOCCI‐participating institutions provided resources for staff to work on the topic and professional development programs and were more likely than non‐participating museums to be comfortable with and provide climate change education programming. Study 2 confirms these results via visitor reports about the exhibits they observed. Study 2 also reveals that, relative to non‐visitors and visitors to non‐participating nature‐based museums, visitors to NNOCCI‐participating nature‐based museums were more knowledgeable about and concerned about climate change and ocean acidification, hopeful about their ability to talk about the topic, and likely to engage in climate change actions than those who did not visit these centers. Importantly, results from both studies indicate that nature‐based museums, especially NNOCCI participating museums, have an institutional culture supportive of climate science education and suggests that NNOCCI interpreter training programming facilitates this culture which in turn is reflected in visitor engagement.
Public Support for Biodiversity After a Zoo Visit: Environmental Concern, Conservation Knowledge, and Self‐Efficacy
Authors: Clayton Susan , Prévot Anne‐Caroline , Germain Laurent , Saint‐Jalme Michel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe biodiversity crisis is not salient to many people. A zoo visit not only provides the opportunity to learn about the issue, but also provides direct experiences with animals that may increase public engagement. The present study used a nonequivalent pretest–posttest design to assess the impact of a zoo visit on conservation knowledge and engagement by comparing 88 visitors entering a zoo in Paris and 84 visitors on their way out. Those who had completed their visit scored higher on conservation knowledge, general concern about threats to biodiversity, and perceived self‐efficacy to protect biodiversity. Notably, conservation knowledge was not highly correlated with the other dependent variables, but self‐efficacy was significantly correlated with environmental concern, behaviour, and behavioural intent. We conclude that a zoo visit does have a positive impact on knowledge and concern, and by affecting self‐efficacy, it has the potential to influence future behavior.
The Impact of Decision Types on Revenue Management Decisions: An Experimental Study
Authors: Kocabıyıkoğlu Ayşe , Göğüş Celile Itır , Hekimoğlu Mert Hakan 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIn the standard two‐class revenue management model, the decision maker allocates a fixed resource between two customer classes with hierarchical prices and uncertain demand. The normative (i.e., expected revenue‐maximizing) allocation is given by Littlewood's Rule, but little is known about how decision makers actually form these decisions. We report results of an experimental study that investigates revenue management decision‐making. We find that subjects' behavior is influenced by the decision type. In particular, our subjects reserve more units for the high‐end segment when they are asked to set the protection level (the number of units to set aside for the higher priced class) compared to when they set the booking limit (the number of units available for the lower priced class). We propose that this behavioral pattern can be explained by our subjects’ different valuations of revenues from the high‐ and low‐end sales. We also observe that when there is a change in segment prices, although decision makers adjust allocations in the direction suggested by normative theory, the magnitude of adjustments is greater (and hence closer to the normative level) when the source of the price change matches the class whose allocation they determine.
Tracking independence and merging of prosodic and phonemic processing across infancy
Authors: Becker Angelika , Schild Ulrike , Friedrich Claudia K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecent evidence suggests division of labor in phonological analysis underlying speech recognition. Adults and children appear to decompose the speech stream into phoneme‐relevant information and into syllable stress. Here we investigate whether both speech processing streams develop from a common path in infancy, or whether there are two separate streams from early on. We presented stressed and unstressed syllables (spoken primes) followed by initially stressed early learned disyllabic German words (spoken targets). Stress overlap and phoneme overlap between the primes and the initial syllable of the targets varied orthogonally. We tested infants 3, 6 and 9 months after birth. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) revealed stress priming without phoneme priming in the 3‐month‐olds; phoneme priming without stress priming in the 6‐month‐olds; and phoneme priming, stress priming as well as an interaction of both in 9‐month‐olds. In general the present findings reveal that infants start with separate processing streams related to syllable stress and to phoneme‐relevant information; and that they need to learn to merge both aspects of speech processing. In particular the present results suggest (i) that phoneme‐free prosodic processing dominates in early infancy; (ii) that prosody‐free phoneme processing dominates in middle infancy; and (iii) that both types of processing are operating in parallel and can be merged in late infancy.
Loss of base‐to‐apex circumferential strain gradient: A specific pattern of Fabry cardiomyopathy?
Authors: Labombarda Fabien , Saloux Eric , Milesi Guillaume , Bienvenu Boris 
Published: March 2017

Introduction and objectivesCardiac manifestations in Fabry disease are mainly characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). The aims of this study were (1) to describe the pattern of regional strain in patients with Fabry disease and (2) to assess whether this pattern may help differentiate patients with Fabry disease from patients with sarcomeric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).MethodsSeventy‐seven subjects were investigated: patients with Fabry disease (n=37; 57% with LVH), patients with HCM (n=21), and healthy controls (n=19). Global and segmental longitudinal and circumferential strain (CS) analyses were performed by two‐dimensional speckle strain imaging. Base‐to‐apex longitudinal and CS gradient, defined as the peak gradient difference between averaged basal and apical strain, was calculated.ResultsLongitudinal strain gradient did not differ between controls and Fabry patients without hypertrophy (respectively: −10±3.2 vs −8±4.3, P=.41) or between the HCM group and Fabry patients with hypertrophy (respectively: −7.5±4.5 vs −9±4.5, P=.37). The CS gradient was lower in Fabry patients without hypertrophy compared to the controls (respectively: 1±8 vs 14.2±9.5, P<.01), and lower in Fabry patients with hypertrophy compared to the HCM group (respectively: 0.5±8 vs 6±9, P<.01). Base‐to‐apex CS gradient was lost in both Fabry groups.ConclusionLoss of base‐to‐apex CS gradient may be a specific left ventricular deformation pattern of Fabry cardiomyopathy in patients with and without LVH.
Chinook salmon emergence phenotypes: Describing the relationships between temperature, emergence timing and condition factor in a reaction norm framework
Authors: Fuhrman Abby E. , Larsen Donald A. , Steel E. Ashley , Young Graham , Beckman Brian R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWater temperature can have a profound influence on development and distribution of aquatic species. Salmon are particularly vulnerable to temperature changes because their reproductive and early development life phases are spent in freshwater river systems where temperature fluctuates widely both daily and seasonally. Flow regulation downstream of dams can also cause temperature regime changes, which in turn may spur local adaptation of early life‐history traits. In a common garden laboratory incubation experiment, we exposed spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) embryos to four temperature regimes: warm stable, cold stable, daily variation and below dam. We found that fry from warmer thermal regimes emerged earlier than those from colder regimes both in terms of calendar date and temperature units and that warmer temperatures caused fry to emerge less developed. There was also a significant effect of family on both emergence timing and development level at emergence. By combining measurements of physiological and behavioural traits at emergence and interpreting them within a reaction norm framework, we can better understand which populations might be more vulnerable to altered thermal regimes.
Human papillomavirus (HPV)‐independent vulvar squamous cell carcinoma has a worse prognosis than HPV‐associated disease: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: McAlpine Jessica N , Leung Samuel C Y , Cheng Angela , Miller Dianne , Talhouk Aline , Gilks C Blake , Karnezis Anthony N 
Published: March 2017

AimsVulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) can be subdivided by human papillomavirus (HPV) status into two clinicopathological entities. Studies on the prognostic significance of HPV in VSCC are discordant.Methods and resultsWe performed a retrospective analysis of overall survival (OS), disease‐specific survival (DSS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) in 217 patients with VSCC. Cases were extracted from an era of more aggressive en‐bloc radical dissections (1985–95) and more localized radical surgery through separate vulvar and groin excisions (1996–2005). p16 immunohistochemistry was used as a surrogate for HPV status. HPV status could be determined in 197 tumours, 118 HPV‐independent and 79 HPV‐associated tumours. Patients with HPV‐associated tumours were younger (mean 58.8 versus 71.6 years for HPV‐independent tumours, P < 0.0001) and more likely to have prior abnormal cervical cytology (41.1 versus 5.6% for HPV‐independent tumours, P < 0.0001). In univariable analysis, patients with HPV‐associated tumours had superior PFS [hazard ratio (HR): 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.18–0.70], DSS (HR: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.08–0.41) and OS (HR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.21–0.59). This was driven by worse outcomes (PFS, DSS and OS) for patients with HPV‐independent tumours compared with HPV‐associated tumours who underwent surgery after 1995. After adjusting for age and stage in multivariable analysis, patients with HPV‐associated tumours showed superior PFS (HR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07–0.77) and DSS (HR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.04–0.78).ConclusionsVSCC can be stratified into two prognostically different diseases based on p16 immunostaining. HPV status was associated only with prognosis in the cohort that underwent surgery after 1995, suggesting that more conservative surgery may have led to worse outcomes for patients with HPV‐independent tumours.
Oral lichen planus in childhood: a case series
Authors: Cascone Marco , Celentano Antonio , Adamo Daniela , Leuci Stefania , Ruoppo Elvira , Mignogna Michele D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the exact incidence of pediatric oral lichen planus (OLP) is unknown, the oral mucosa seems to be less commonly involved, and the clinical presentation is often atypical. The aim of the study is to present a case series of OLP in childhood.MethodsFrom our database, we retrospectively selected and analyzed the clinical data of OLP patients under the age of 18 where the diagnosis had been confirmed by histopathological analysis.ResultsThe case series from our database shows eight patients, four males and four females. The mean (±SD) age at the time of diagnosis of the disease was 13.5 (±2.73) years, ranging in age from 9 to 17. Clinically, a reticular pattern was present in six patients (75%), and the tongue was the most commonly involved oral site (six cases, 75%). We also report the first case of OLP in a 9‐year‐old girl affected by autoimmune polyendocrinopathy‐candidiasis‐ectodermal dystrophy.ConclusionsWe report the largest case series of pediatric OLP published in literature thus far. Differences in the disease between adults and pediatric patients have been detected, but further investigation and a larger case series are needed to establish any detailed differences in clinical outcomes.