bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Redox Dysregulation in Schizophrenia Revealed by in vivo NAD+/NADH Measurement
Authors: Kim Sang-Young , Cohen Bruce M. , Chen Xi , Lukas Scott E. , Shinn Ann K. , Yuksel A. Cagri , Li Tao , Du Fei , Öngür Dost 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Balance between the redox pair of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (oxidized NAD+ and reduced NADH), reflects the oxidative state of cells and the ability of biological systems to carry out energy production. A growing body of evidence suggests that an “immuno-oxidative” pathway including oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and cell-mediated immune response may contribute to disruptions in brain activity in schizophrenia (SZ). The aim of this study is to assess possible redox imbalance in SZ patients by using a novel in vivo 31P MRS technique. The participants included 40 healthy controls, 21 chronic SZ, 13 first-episode (FE) SZ, and 18 FE bipolar disorder (BD) patients (as a psychiatric control group). All participants initially underwent structural imaging at a 3 Tesla (3 T) and 31P MRS measurements were performed on a 4 T MR scanner. NAD+ and NADH components were determined by nonlinear least-square fitting of the model simulated spectra; these incorporated prior chemical shift and coupling constant information to in vivo resonances obtained from 31P MRS experiments. We found a significant reduction in the NAD+/NADH ratio in chronically ill SZ patients compared to a matched healthy control group, and in FE SZ patients compared to both a matched FE BD patient group and a matched healthy control group. These findings provide evidence for redox imbalance in the brain in all phases of SZ, potentially reflecting oxidative stress.
Work-family balance
Authors: Adisa Toyin Ajibade , Gbadamosi Gbolahan , Osabutey Ellis L.C. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
Given the reality that working mothers experience difficulties in achieving work-family balance because of the social restrictions that arise from parenting combined with career goals, this paper aims to explore the various coping strategies that are used by working mothers in the cities of London (Great Britain) and Lagos (Nigeria).

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 72 mothers who worked in banks in London (Great Britain) and Lagos (Nigeria). Thematic analysis and investigator triangulation are used.

Findings
The findings reveal various coping strategies used by working mothers in the cities of Lagos and London. The paper also unearths the efficiency and the shortcomings of the use of au pairs among British working mothers and the similarities and disparities in terms of such use compared to the traditional use of housekeepers in Nigeria.

Originality/value
This paper contributes to the existing work–family balance literature by exploring the coping strategies of working mothers because of sociocultural and institutional differences in Great Britain and Nigeria.
The ultimate leadership challenge: a unique corporate theory of value-creating growth
Authors: Osiyevskyy Oleksiy 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The article identifies the need for an approach beyond merely maintaining competitive advantage. In the eyes of analysts, maintaining the profitable status quo is not an option for creating shareholder value.

Design/methodology/approach
This masterclass develops the thesis that a strategist needs a corporate theory of value creation, something that provides ongoing guidance to the selection of positions and a vast array of strategic actions.

Findings
Even those who take a dim view of maximizing shareholder value would likely agree that from an enlightened stakeholder perspective management must find new, unexpected ways to grow the firm to be viable in the long term.”

Practical implications
A well-developed corporate theory enables fruitful thought experiments such as, “If my theory accurately describes my world, then when I select this strategic choice, the following will occur.””

Originality/value
The corporate theory of value structures the logic practitioners can use, repeatedly and consistently, to assess an enormous array of possible combinations of resources and activities. The logic enables strategists to define what is special about the options that are likely to create value.
Agile’s ten implementation challenges
Authors: Denning Stephen 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
By learning how to overcome implementation challenges, the Agile methodology can enable organizations to cope with the 21st Century marketplace and deliver what customers expect and demand: easy, quick, convenient, personalized responsiveness at scale.”

Design/methodology/approach
The 10 major implementation challenges are addressed.

Findings
Agile offers a methodology that can improve the chances of building a new product or service that people will actually buy, use and like.

Practical implications
A key Agile principle – doing work in small iterative cycles with customer feedback at the end of each cycle – is a transformative idea.

Originality/value
The author has recently made on-site visits to leading corporations that have adopted Agile. The “Agile” managers he met recognize that the future of their firm depends on inspiring those doing the work to accelerate innovation and add genuine value to customer, that enhancing that capacity depends on giving autonomy to self-organizing teams within broad parameters of control.
Peripheral nerve injury induces adult brain neurogenesis and remodelling
Authors: Rusanescu Gabriel , Mao Jianren 
Published: September 2016

AbstractUnilateral peripheral nerve chronic constriction injury (CCI) has been widely used as a research model of human neuropathic pain. Recently, CCI has been shown to induce spinal cord adult neurogenesis, which may contribute to the chronic increase in nociceptive sensitivity. Here, we show that CCI also induces rapid and profound asymmetrical anatomical rearrangements in the adult rodent cerebellum and pons. This remodelling occurs throughout the hindbrain, and in addition to regions involved in pain processing, also affects other sensory modalities. We demonstrate that these anatomical changes, partially reversible in the long term, result from adult neurogenesis. Neurogenic markers Mash1, Ngn2, doublecortin and Notch3 are widely expressed in the rodent cerebellum and pons, both under normal and injured conditions. CCI‐induced hindbrain structural plasticity is absent in Notch3 knockout mice, a strain with impaired neuronal differentiation, demonstrating its dependence on adult neurogenesis. Grey matter and white matter structural changes in human brain, as a result of pain, injury or learned behaviours have been previously detected using non‐invasive neuroimaging techniques. Because neurogenesis‐mediated structural plasticity is thought to be restricted to the hippocampus and the subventricular zone, such anatomical rearrangements in other parts of the brain have been thought to result from neuronal plasticity or glial hypertrophy. Our findings suggest the presence of extensive neurogenesis‐based structural plasticity in the adult mammalian brain, which may maintain a memory of basal sensory levels, and act as an adaptive mechanism to changes in sensory inputs.
Analysis of resistance‐associated substitutions in acute hepatitis C virus infection by deep sequencing across six genotypes and three continents
Authors: Eltahla A. A. , Rodrigo C. , Betz‐Stablein B. , Grebely J. , Applegate T. , Luciani F. , Schinkel J. , Dore G. J. , Page K. , Bruneau J. , Morris M. D. , Cox A. L. , Kim A. Y. , Shoukry N. H. , Lauer G. M. , Maher L. , Hellard M. , Prins M. , Lloyd A. R. , Bull R. A. ,   the InC3 Study Group
Published: September 2016

SummarySeveral direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) have been approved for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, opening the door to highly effective interferon‐free treatment regimens. Resistance‐associated substitutions (RASs) have been reported both in treatment‐naïve patients and following treatment with protease (NS3), phosphoprotein (NS5A) and polymerase (NS5B) inhibitors. The prevalence of naturally occurring RASs in untreated HCV‐infected individuals has mostly been analysed in those infected with genotype 1 (GT1), in the late phase of infection, and only within limited regions of the genome. Furthermore, the geographic distribution of RASs remains poorly characterized. In this study, we used next‐generation sequencing to analyse full‐length HCV genomes for the prevalence of RASs in acute HCV infections identified in nine international prospective cohorts. RASs were analysed in 179 participants infected with all six major HCV genotypes (GT1‐GT6), and the geographic distribution of RASs was assessed in 107 GT1a and GT3a samples. While RASs were detected at varied frequencies across the three genomic regions, and between genotypes, RASs relevant to multiple DAAs in the leading IFN‐free regimens were rarely detected in combination. Low‐frequency RASs (<10% of the viral population) were also shown to have a GT‐specific distribution. The main RASs with geographic associations were NS3 Q80K in GT1a samples and NS5B N142T in GT3a. These data provide the backdrop for prospective surveillance of RASs during DAA treatment scale‐up.
Left Internal Mammary Artery Versus Coronary Stents: Impact on Downstream Coronary Stenoses and Conduit Patency
Authors: Zhang Ming , Guddeti Raviteja R. , Matsuzawa Yasushi , Sara Jaskanwal D.S. , Kwon Taek‐Geun , Liu Zhi , Sun Tao , Lee Seung‐Jin , Lennon Ryan J. , Bell Malcolm R. , Schaff Hartzell V. , Daly Richard C. , Lerman Lilach O. , Lerman Amir , Locker Chaim 
Published: September 2016

Background

The study compared downstream coronary and conduit disease progression in the left anterior descending coronary artery treated with coronary artery bypass grafting using the left internal mammary artery (
LIMA
) versus percutaneous coronary intervention with bare metal stent (
BMS
) or drug eluting stent (
DES
).

Methods and Results

A total of 12 301 consecutive patients underwent isolated primary coronary revascularization, of which 2386 met our inclusion criteria (Percutaneous coronary intervention, n=1450; coronary artery bypass grafting, n=936). Propensity score analysis matched 628 patients, of which 468 were treated to the left anterior descending with coronary artery bypass grafting with
LIMA
(n=314), percutaneous coronary intervention with
BMS
(n=94), and
DES
(n=60). Coronary angiograms were analyzed by quantitative coronary angiography (
QCA
; n=433). Cumulative downstream coronary and conduit disease progression were estimated by Kaplan–Meier method and effect of treatment type by Cox proportional hazard models. Patients treated with
LIMA
had significantly lower risk of downstream coronary disease progression at follow‐up angiogram compared with
BMS
and
DES
(hazard ratio [
HR
] [95%
CI
], 0.34; [0.20–0.59];
P
=0.0002; and
HR
[95%
CI
], 0.39; [0.20–0.79];
P
=0.01, respectively).
LIMA
was associated with a lower risk of conduit disease progression compared to
BMS
and
DES
(
HR
[95%
CI
], 0.18; [0.12–0.28];
P
<0.001; and
HR
[95%
CI
], 0.27; [0.16–0.46];
P
<0.001, respectively).
BMS
was associated with higher
HR
for downstream coronary and conduit disease progression compared with
DES
, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (
HR
[95% CI], 1.13; [0.57–2.36];
P
=0.73; and
HR
[95%
CI
], 1.46; [0.88–2.50];
P
=0.14, respectively).

Conclusions

LIMA
grafting to left anterior descending is associated with significantly lower risk of downstream coronary and conduit disease progression compared to percutaneous coronary intervention with
BMS
and
DES
.
The Effect of Multiple Intelligence-Based Instruction on Critical Thinking of Full Day Islamic Elementary Schools Students
Authors: Alhamuddin Alhamuddin , Bukhori Bukhori 
Published: September 2016

Lack of critical thinking skills of elementary schools’ students was influenced by teachers’ domination in instructional activities; meanwhile students did not play independently as the learners. Theoretically, multiple intelligences based instruction is an appropriate solution. For that reason, this research aims to know the impact of multiple intelligences based instruction on students' critical thinking skills. The research was conducted at Al-Amanah and Buahati Islamic Elementary Schools by using a quantitative approach with case study method. Data collected through critical thinking tests was analyzed by using independent sample t-test to examine the impact of instruction on students' critical thinking skills. The results showed that the implementation of multiple intelligences based intruction had significant effect on students’ critical thinking skills. From the finding, some recommendations are given as follows: 1) The teacher’s role is not only for transferring knowledge based on his/her competencies but also students’ characteristics reflecting their instruction styles; and 2) for further researcher, it is suggested to investigate this issues more specifically and comprehensively. Kurangnya keterampilan berpikir kritis dari siswa sekolah dasar dipengaruhi oleh dominasi guru dalam kegiatan pembelajaran; Sementara itu siswa tidak bermain secara independen sebagai peserta didik. Secara teoritis, pendekatan berbasis kecerdasan ganda merupakan solusi yang tepat. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak pendekatan berbasis kecerdasan ganda pada keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sekolah Dasar Islam Al-Amanah dan Buahati dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes berpikir kritis dianalisis dengan menggunakan sampel independent t-test untuk menguji dampak dari pendekatan pada keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pendekatan berbasis kecerdasan ganda memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Dari temuan tersebut, beberapa rekomendasi yang diberikan sebagai berikut: 1) Peran guru tidak hanya untuk mentransfer pengetahuan berdasarkan kompetensinya, tapi juga karakteristik siswa mencerminkan gaya pendekatan mereka; dan 2) bagi peneliti selanjutnya, disarankan untuk menyelidiki ini secara lebih spesifik dan komprehensif.
Implementation of Integrated Islamic Primary School (SRAI) from Administrators’, Teachers’, and Pupils’ Perspectives
Authors: Othman Ikhsan , Salleh Norila Md. 
Published: September 2016

Integrated Islamic Primary School or in Malaysian Language called Sekolah Rendah Agama Integrasi (SRAI), it a type of primary school in Malaysia which is under the administration of Selangor Islamic Department. SRAI integrates curriculum implemented in Malaysia National Primary School and curriculum implemented in Selangor Islamic Primary School. The two different curriculums are normally implemented in two different sessions and in the two types of the mentioned schools. Upon the operation of SRAI, there are strenghts and weakenesses that can be identified and positively discussed for further enhancement of the schools as this type of schools might someday be proposed or looked as a model school. This paper is based on a study done on the schools. The study focusies on administrators, teachers, and pupils perspectives on the selected issues regarding SRAI. Questionnaires were given to the respondents to seek their perceptions on SRAI. Generally, the findings of the study showed that most aspects in the implementation of SRAI are recieved positively while there are others which need enhancements. Periodic review should be done to monitor the development and situation of the schools from time to time. Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu atau dalam bahasa Malaysia disebut Sekolah Rendah Agama Integrasi (SRAI) yaitu salah satu jenis sekolah dasar di Malaysia yang berada di bawah administrasi Departemen Islam Selangor. SRAI mengintegrasikan kurikulum yang diimplementasikan di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Malaysia dan Sekolah Dasar Islam Selangor. Dua kurikulum yang berbeda dilaksanakan secara normal dalam dua sesi yang berbeda dari dua jenis sekolah tersebut. Setelah pelaksanaan SRAI, ada kelebihan dan kelemahan yang dapat diidentifikasi dan baik dibahas untuk peningkatan lebih lanjut dari sekolah sebagai jenis sekolah yang pada kemudian hari akan diusulkan atau diperlihatkan sebagai sekolah model. Makalah ini didasarkan pada kajian yang dilakukan di sekolah-sekolah. Penelitian ini memfokuskan pada perspektif administrator, guru, dan murid tentang isu-isu yang dipilih mengenai SRAI. Kuesioner yang diberikan kepada responden untuk mencari persepsi mereka tentang SRAI. Secara umum, temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar aspek dalam pelaksanaan SRAI diterima dengan baik sementara aspek-aspek lainnya membutuhkan peningkatan. Tinjauan secara periodik harus dilakukan untuk memantau perkembangan dan situasi sekolah dari waktu ke waktu.
Laboratory rearing of the brown marmorated stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and the impact of single and combination of food substrates on development and survival
Authors: Dingha Beatrice N. , Jackai Louis E.N. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB),Halyomorpha halys(Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is non-native species that has rapidly expanded its range in the United States of America and Canada. This study was aimed at increasing our knowledge of the biology of BMSB and developing a rearing method. A laboratory culture maintained on 15 different foods (pear, peach, Granny Smith apple, red delicious apple, squash, tomato, carrot, green bean, grape, corn, leaves of princess tree, leaves of butterfly-bush, dry seeds of sunflower, cowpea, and peanut) had on average 26.0±2.1 eggs per egg mass, and an incubation period averaging 6.94±1.2 days. Developmental duration from second instar to adult averaged 28.2±0.9 days similar to second instars reared to adult on single diet of green beans, corn, sunflower, cowpea, and peanut seeds. Survival from egg to adult was 85.4% and a growth index (GI) of 2.2±0.2 for the laboratory culture comparable to ⩾2.0 GI and 80–90% reported nymphal development on a diet of dry sunflower, cowpea, and peanut seeds. We reared six generations of BMSB before the study was terminated. Our results indicate the foods that are better for BMSB growth, development, and survival.
Standardized Follow-up of Patients with Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis Treated with a Single Intra-articular Injection of a Combination of Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid and Mannitol
Authors: Conrozier Thierry , Bozgan Ana-Maria , Bossert Marie , Sondag Maxime , Lohse-Walliser Anne , Balblanc Jean-Charles 
Published: September 2016

Objectives The objective of this study is to obtain pilot data from daily practice conditions of a viscosupplement made of a cross-linked high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid (HA) combined with mannitol in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods The data of 40 consecutive patients, 29 women and 11 men, who were prospectively followed up for 6 months, using a standardized procedure, were retrospectively analyzed. All patients have received a single intra-articular injection of H Anox-M-XL (4.4 mL), viscosupplement made of a cross-linked HA (16 mg/mL) + mannitol (35 mg/mL), in the target knee. The primary outcome was safety. The secondary end points included 3- and 6-month change in the WOMAC pain (0–50) and WOMAC total (0–240) and patient's global assessment (PGA). Patient's self-assessment of treatment efficacy (0–3) and analgesic consumption were obtained at months 3 and 6. An intent-to-treat analysis was performed. Results Mean (SD) age was 60.7 (13.9) years, and mean BMI was 28.6 (5.0). Kellgren–Lawrence radiological grade was I/II and III/IV in 13 and 27 of the subjects, respectively. The average WOMAC pain and WOMAC total scores at baseline were 21.5 (9.8) and 89.9 (42.8), respectively. Thirty-nine patients completed the follow-up. HAnox-M-XL was well tolerated; two patients experienced knee pain after injection, which resolved within three days. No treatment-related severe adverse event was reported. Mean (SD) variations in WOMAC pain and WOMAC total scores were –8.2 (8.9) and –38.4 (35.6), respectively, at month 6 ( P = 0.001). PGA decreased from 5.5 (2.0) to 3.0 (2.2) ( P = 0.006). Efficacy was rated as good or very good in 76.9% of the cases. Most of the regular analgesics users decreased their consumption. Conclusion Treatment with one injection of 4.4 mL HAnox-M-XL is effective to alleviate KOA symptoms over six months, without safety concern. Controlled trials are needed to confirm these pilot data.
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking among Dental Practitioners: Prevalence and Health Perceptions
Authors: Dar-Odeh Najla , Alnazzawi Ahmad , Shoqair Noora , Al-Shayyab Mohammad H. , Abu-Hammad Osama 
Published: September 2016

Background Waterpipe tobacco smoking prevalence, practice, and the associated health perceptions among dental practitioners have not been previously reported. This study aims to determine the prevalence of waterpipe smoking among dental practitioners and to evaluate their awareness of health hazards of waterpipe smoking, particularly the adverse effects on oral health. Methods This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey among dental practitioners. Surveyed dental practitioners practiced dentistry in the holy city of Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, a city in the Central-Western Region of Saudi Arabia, and the study was conducted during March 2015. The questionnaire consisted of questions on demographic data, history and practices of tobacco use, and perceptions toward the health hazards of smoking. Dentists were approached at their work places and invited to participate. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the sample's demographic and smoking characteristics, while cross-tabulation and chi-square test were used to determine the statistical significance of association between the groups ( P ≤ 0.05). Results One hundred dental practitioners participated in the survey, with 55 males and 45 females. Twenty-six percent indicated that they were water-pipe smokers. Male gender and cigarette smoking were the only factors to be significantly associated with waterpipe smoking ( P = 0.008 and P = 0.000, respectively). Most participants stated that waterpipe smoking is harmful to health, and the most commonly reported health hazard was respiratory disease, which was reported by 81% of participants. Conclusions Prevalence of waterpipe smoking among dental practitioners is comparable to adult populations but lower than younger populations of university students. Health awareness of dental practitioners regarding waterpipe smoking was judged to be insufficient.
Convective moisture adjustment time scale as a key factor in regulating model amplitude of the Madden‐Julian Oscillation
Authors: Jiang Xianan , Zhao Ming , Maloney Eric D. , Waliser Duane E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDespite its pronounced impacts on weather extremes worldwide, the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) remains poorly represented in climate models. Here we present findings that point to some necessary ingredients to produce a strong MJO amplitude in a large set of model simulations from a recent model intercomparison project. While surface flux and radiative heating anomalies are considered important for amplifying the MJO, their strength per unit MJO precipitation anomaly is found to be negatively correlated to MJO amplitude across these multimodel simulations. However, model MJO amplitude is found to be closely tied to a model's convective moisture adjustment time scale, a measure of how rapidly precipitation must increase to remove excess column water vapor, or alternately the efficiency of surface precipitation generation per unit column water vapor anomaly. These findings provide critical insights into key model processes for the MJO and pinpoint a direction for improved model representation of the MJO.