bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of the MeCP2–TBLR1 complex reveals a molecular basis for Rett syndrome and related disorders
Authors: Kruusvee Valdeko , Lyst Matthew J. , Taylor Ceitidh , Tarnauskaitė Žygimantė , Bird Adrian P. , Cook Atlanta G. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
Methyl-CpG–binding protein 2 (MeCP2) links epigenetics, brain function, and neurological disease. Mutations in the MeCP2 protein cause Rett syndrome (RTT), making it imperative to determine its mechanism of action. One domain of MeCP2 targets it to methylated DNA, but little was known about a second essential domain except that it recruits a gene-silencing complex. We determined that transducin beta-like (TBL) subunits of the silencing complex bind MeCP2 and solved the structure of the binary complex. Strikingly, amino acids mutated in RTT are precisely those amino acids that intimately contact the TBL subunits. Furthermore, mutations in TBL proteins that cause intellectual disability block interaction with MeCP2. Our data suggest that the TBL–MeCP2 interaction is essential for brain function.
Does slow motion impact on the perception of foul play in football?
Authors: Spitz Jochim , Put Koen , Wagemans Johan , Williams A. Mark , Helsen Werner F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectives: Slow‐motion replays of foul play situations are now used in the education and training of sports officials. We investigated the impact of video speed on the decision‐making process of association football referees and how this interacted with expertise. Methods: Three different groups of referees, varying in level of expertise, assessed video clips from an in‐game perspective. Video clips represented corner kick and open play situations in which a foul occurred or not. For these foul/no foul situations, the referees had to make a technical (no foul; indirect free kick; direct free kick; or penalty kick) and a disciplinary decision (no card; yellow card; or red card), under both slow‐motion and real‐time viewing conditions. Accuracy scores were determined by comparing participant's responses with the decisions of an expert panel. Results: Significant differences were observed across groups for foul/no foul situations, suggesting that the experts were able to process the available information more effectively than their less expert colleagues. The accuracy scores for the technical decision were higher in slow motion (67%) compared to a real‐time viewing condition (56%), particularly for corner kick situations. No differences were found between real time and slow motion for the disciplinary decision. Conclusions: Slow‐motion footage results in higher accuracy scores for complex technical decisions. These findings have implications for the use of slow‐motion replays in the decision‐making process of referees.
PARTIE: a partition engine to separate metagenomic and amplicon projects in the Sequence Read Archive
Authors: Torres Pedro J , Edwards Robert A , McNair Katelyn A 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Motivation
The Sequence Read Archive (SRA) contains raw data from many different types of sequence projects. As of 2017, the SRA contained approximately ten petabases of DNA sequence (1016 bp). Annotations of the data are provided by the submitter, and mining the data in the SRA is complicated by both the amount of data and the detail within those annotations. Here, we introduce PARTIE, a partition engine optimized to differentiate sequence read data into metagenomic (random) and amplicon (targeted) sequence data sets.

Results
PARTIE subsamples reads from the sequencing file and calculates four different statistics: k-mer frequency, 16S abundance, prokaryotic- and viral-read abundance. These metrics are used to create a RandomForest decision tree to classify the sequencing data, and PARTIE provides mechanisms for both supervised and unsupervised classification. We demonstrate the accuracy of PARTIE for classifying SRA data, discuss the probable error rates in the SRA annotations and introduce a resource assessing SRA data.

Availability and Implementation
PARTIE and reclassified metagenome SRA entries are available from https://github.com/linsalrob/partie

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The accreted stellar halo as a window on halo assembly in L* galaxies
Authors: Amorisco Nicola C. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Theory and observations agree that the accreted stellar haloes (ASHs) of Milky Way-like galaxies display significant scatter. I take advantage of this stochasticity to invert the link between halo assembly history (HAH) and ASH, using mock ASHs corresponding to 750 ΛCDM HAHs, sharing a final virial mass of Mh(z = 0) = 1012.25M⊙. Hosts with poor/rich ASHs assemble following orthogonal growth-patterns. Hosts with rich ASHs experience accretion events (AEs) with high virial mass ratios (HVMRs, Ms/Mh ≳ 0.1) at 0.5 ≲ zinfall ≲ 1.5, in a phase of fast growth. This maximizes the accreted stellar mass under the condition these satellites are disrupted by z = 0. At similar times, hosts with poor ASHs grow slowly through minor mergers, with only very recent HVMR AEs: this results in a globally more abundant satellite population and in distinctive surviving massive satellites (stellar mass log Ms, */M⊙ ≳ 9). Several properties of the Milky Way are in agreement with the predictions of this framework for hosts with poor, concentrated ASHs, including: (i) the recent infall of Sagittarius and Magellanic Clouds, (ii) the likely higher-than-average concentration of its dark halo and (iii) the signatures of fast chemical enrichment of a sizable fraction of its halo stellar populations.
Orbital modulations of X-ray light curves of Cygnus X-1 in its low/hard and high/soft states
Authors: Sugimoto Juri , Kitamoto Shunji , Mihara Tatehiro , Matsuoka Masaru 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The black hole binary Cygnus X-1 has a 5.6-d orbital period. We first detected a clear intensity modulation with the orbital period in its high/soft state with six-year MAXI data, as well as in its low/hard state. In the low/hard state, the folded light curves showed an intensity drop at the superior conjunction of the black hole by a modulation factor (MF), which is the amplitude divided by the average, of 8 ± 1%, 4 ± 1%, and 3 ± 2% for 2–4, 4–10, and 10–20 keV bands, respectively, showing a spectral hardening at the superior conjunction of the black hole. Spectral analysis in the low/hard state, with a model consisting of a power law and a photoelectric absorption, showed that the hydrogen column density, NH, increased from (2.9 ± 0.4) × 1021 cm−2 to (4.7 ± 1.1) × 1021 cm−2 around the superior conjunction. The flux of the power-law component decreased by 6 ± 1%. On the other hand, MFs for the folded light curves in the high/soft state, were 4 ± 1% and 4 ± 2% for the 2–4 keV and 4–10 keV bands, respectively. We applied a model consisting of a power law and a disk blackbody with a photoelectric absorption. A modulation of the flux of the power-law component was found to be 7 ± 5% in MF, while the modulation of NH was less than 1 × 1021 cm−2. These results can be interpreted as follows: the modulation of both states can be mainly explained by scattering of X-rays by an ionized stellar wind, but, only at the superior conjunction in the low/hard state, a large photoelectric absorption appears because of the low ionization state of the wind in the line of sight at phase 0. Such a condition can be established by reasonable parameters of an inhomogeneous wind and the observed luminosities.
The Abel transformation deconvolves comets: Gas structure of comet C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy)
Authors: Hasegawa Takashi , Kawakita Hideyo 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The Abel transformation is introduced and applied to the surface brightness of gas emission from C/2013 R1 (Lovejoy) to reproduce the local volume luminosity density and the shell luminosity, which represents the luminosity density over the spherical surface. This transformation may be more extensively and objectively applied than the Haser model (1957, Bull. Acad. Roy. de Belgique, Classe de Sci., 43, 740), which is limited to the gas emission produced by a two-step process. The scale lengths of the emission from C/2013 R1 are measured for CN and C3; compared with the scale length at the time of solar maxima in the literature, the CN emission had a longer lifetime, whereas a typical scale length is observed for the parent molecule. The emission of C3 is much more compact than recorded in the literature. More importantly, apart from these two-step processes, the “core” region of CN is reported in the shell luminosity with a scale length shorter than 8.4 × 103 km (observed at 0.85 au). The Abel transformation is thus powerful in time-domain analysis for radially expanding multiple zones of gas emission from comets.
Increased Risk of Tics in Children Infected with Enterovirus: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Lin Jiun-Nong , Lin Cheng-Li , Yen Hung-Rong , Yang Chi-Hui , Lai Chung-Hsu , Lin Hsi-Hsun , Kao Chia-Hung 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Both tics and enterovirus (EV) infections are common in children. The association between EV infections and tics has been seldom evaluated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of diagnosed tics after EV infections in children.

Methods:
A nationwide retrospective cohort study was conducted to determine the risk of tics after EV infections by analyzing data from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. Children aged < 18 years with EV infection during 2000 to 2007 were enrolled. For comparison, non-EV–infected children were randomly selected and matched with EV-infected children at a 1:1 ratio according to sex, age, urbanization level, parental occupation, and the year of EV infection. All patients were followed up until the diagnosis of tics, death, loss to follow-up, withdrawal from the insurance system, or December 31, 2008.

Results:
A total of 282,321 EV-infected and 282,317 non-EV–infected children were included in this study. The mean age was 2.39 years in both cohorts. The overall incidences of tics were 9.12 and 6.21 per 10,000 person-years in the EV-infected and non-EV–infected cohorts, respectively. Children with EV infection were significantly associated with an increased risk of tics compared with those without EV infection (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.27–1.5). Multivariable analyses showed that boys, children living in urbanized areas, children whose parents had white-collar jobs, and children with allergic rhinitis or bronchial asthma exhibited a significantly increased risk of tics.

Conclusion:
This study revealed an increased risk of tics after EV infection in children.
Effects of ultralow topical estriol dose on vaginal health and quality of life in postmenopausal women who underwent surgical treatment for pelvic organ prolapse
Authors: Caruso Salvatore , Cianci Stefano , Vitale Salvatore Giovanni , Matarazzo Maria Grazia , Amore Francesca Flavia , Cianci Antonio 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the efficacy of low concentrations of vaginal estriol gel in postmenopausal women with pelvic static disorders before and after vaginal surgical treatment, assessing vaginal health, sexual function, and quality of life (QoL).

Methods:
Women affected by genital prolapse were enrolled. Vaginal health, QoL, and sexual function were investigated at baseline (T0), before surgery (T1), and 13 weeks after surgery (T2). At baseline, participants were randomized 1:1. Women in group A (38 women) were treated daily with vaginal gel containing 50 μg estriol for 12 weeks and women in group B (37 women) did not receive any estrogen treatment. After this period and before surgery, a first examination was carried out (T1). One week after surgical treatment, group A underwent randomization 1:1 to group A1 repeating estriol vaginal gel for 12 weeks, and group A2 discontinuing the estrogen treatment. The second follow-up examination (T2) was performed at the 13th week after surgery.

Results:
All aspects of vaginal health improved in group A on estriol before surgery with respect to baseline (P < 0.001). After surgery, 17 participants of group A1, 16 of group A2, and 30 of group B completed the study. Group A1 (on estriol plus surgery) further improved with respect to the presurgery estriol treatment (P < 0.01). Moreover, group A2 (T2) experienced a worsening of vaginal health versus intragroup presurgery estriol treatment (P < 0.01), and versus intergroup surgical estriol treatment (P < 0.05). QoL improved in women only after surgery, with (P < 0.01) or without (P < 0.05) estriol treatment. Finally, the sexual function of participants on estriol before surgery did not change. On the contrary, it improved after surgery in both participants on estriol (P < 0.001) and without estriol (P < 0.01). Moreover, surgical estriol participants had a better score than surgical no-estriol participants (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
Estriol vaginal gel (0.005%) administration significantly improved the vaginal health of natural postmenopausal women before and after vaginal surgery. Both sexual health and QoL also significantly improved after surgery.
Baclofen Pumps
Authors: Woolf Seth M. , Baum Carl R. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Intrathecal baclofen therapy, given via an implanted pump in the abdominal wall either as a continuous infusion or bolus dosing, has been used for more than 25 years to treat the spasticity and dystonia associated with various brain and spinal cord conditions. Pediatric clinicians occasionally encounter baclofen pumps, and in the pediatric setting, significant morbidity can arise from their use. This article presents the background, mechanism of action, uses, and complications of intrathecal baclofen therapy and discusses various management strategies should complications occur.
Buccal Midazolam Compared With Rectal Diazepam Reduces Seizure Duration in Children in the Outpatient Setting
Authors: Moretti Raffaella , Julliand Sebastien , Rinaldi Victoria Elisa , Titomanlio Luigi 
Published: March 2017

Background
Seizures are very common in children. They frequently happen in outpatient settings, in the presence of caregivers who are not always trained in their management. First-line rescue therapy is based on benzodiazepine, historically diazepam. Recent studies have investigated the use of other benzodiazepines in the treatment of acute seizures.

Objectives
The aims of this study were to evaluate the management of pediatric seizures carried out by parents or caregivers in an outpatient setting and to evaluate the differences in terms of immediate management and subsequent outcome when comparing the use of rectal diazepam versus buccal midazolam.

Methods
In this retrospective study, medical records of children consulting for seizures at the Robert Debré Pediatric Emergency Department of Paris, France, over 18 months were analyzed to evaluate seizure characteristics, management by caregivers, received treatments, and the admission rate.

Results
Five hundred ninety-four patients resulted eligible for the study. The interview was completed for 135 children who presented a further episode of seizure after inclusion. In the subgroup of children receiving buccal midazolam, compared with the subgroup receiving intrarectal diazepam, seizure duration was significantly shorter (10.3 vs 48.4 minutes, P = 0.0004), and the risk of a status epilepticus decreased (1 vs 11, P = 0.0008). The admission rate was not different between the 2 subgroups.

Conclusions
Based on our results, buccal midazolam seems to have some advantages compared with rectal diazepam in terms of feasibility in an outpatient setting and in terms of reduced seizure duration.
Ebola Preparedness in the Netherlands: The Need for Coordination Between the Public Health and the Curative Sector
Authors: Swaan Corien M. , Öry Alexander V. , Schol Lianne G. C. , Jacobi André , Richardus Jan Hendrik , Timen Aura 
Published: March 2017

Context:
During the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014-2015, close cooperation between the curative sector and the public health sector in the Netherlands was necessary for timely identification, referral, and investigation of patients with suspected Ebola virus disease (EVD).

Objective:
In this study, we evaluated experiences in preparedness among stakeholders of both curative and public health sectors to formulate recommendations for optimizing preparedness protocols. Timeliness of referred patients with suspected EVD was used as indicator for preparedness.

Design:
In focus group sessions and semistructured interviews, experiences of curative and public health stakeholders about the regional and national process of preparedness and response were listed. Timeliness recordings of all referred patients with suspected EVD (13) were collected from first date of illness until arrival in the referral academic hospital.

Results:
Ebola preparedness was considered extensive compared with the risk of an actual patient, however necessary. Regional coordination varied between regions. More standardization of regional preparation and operational guidelines was requested, as well as nationally standardized contingency criteria, and the National Centre for Infectious Disease Control was expected to coordinate the development of these guidelines. For the timeliness of referred patients with suspected EVD, the median delay between first date of illness until triage was 2.0 days (range: 0-10 days), and between triage and arrival in the referral hospital, it was 5.0 hours (range: 2-7.5 hours). In none of these patients Ebola infection was confirmed.

Conclusions:
Coordination between the public health sector and the curative sector needs improvement to reduce delay in patient management in emerging infectious diseases. Standardization of preparedness and response practices, through guidelines for institutional preparedness and blueprints for regional and national coordination, is necessary, as preparedness for emerging infectious diseases needs a multidisciplinary approach overarching both the public health sector and the curative sector. In the Netherlands a national platform for preparedness is established, in which both the curative sector and public health sector participate, in order to implement the outcomes of this study.
Changes in Markers of Mineral Metabolism After Living Kidney Donation
Authors: Tan Sven-Jean , Hewitson Tim D. , Hughes Peter D. , Holt Stephen G. , Toussaint Nigel D. 
Published: March 2017

Background
Living kidney donors (LKDs) experience reduction in kidney function, however serum phosphate (sPi) levels are lower compared to patients with chronic kidney disease matched for reduced kidney function. Mineral metabolism adaptations that occur in LKDs have not been adequately investigated. To evaluate the effect of nephrectomy on markers of mineral metabolism in LKDs compared to healthy volunteers (HV) over 12 months.

Methods
Mineral parameters were evaluated in twenty-one adult LKDs and twenty HVs. Parameters included sPi, intact parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23), soluble Klotho (sKl) and urinary phosphate, measured prior to donation (T0), 1 month (T1), 6 months (T6) and 12 months (T12) post-kidney donation. Statistical analyses were conducted on normalized variables and changes were assessed using 2-way analysis of variance.

Results
Mean ages of LKDs and HVs were 54.1 ± 14.7 and 52.6 ± 8.0 years, respectively. There were no baseline clinical or biochemical differences between LKDs and HVs. In LKDs at T1, serum creatinine increased (from 75 ± 12 to 114 ± 22 μmol/L), FGF23 increased (52 ± 15 to 70 ± 19 pg/mL) and sKl decreased (564 [469-662] to 424 [375-523] pg/mL), all P less than 0.001. Changes were sustained at T12. After donation, LKDs consistently demonstrated lower sPi compared with T0, with the maximal sPi change at T6 (−0.19 mmol/L difference, P < 0.001). Other markers of mineral metabolism were unchanged in LKDs. There were no mineral differences in HVs over 12 months.

Conclusions
Prospective evaluation of mineral metabolism parameters in LKDs provides valuable insight into compensatory mechanisms after reduction in kidney function. Further reduction of sPi at T6 despite early alterations in FGF23 and sKl suggest adaptation of mineral metabolism continues long-term in LKDs.
Arabidopsis thalianaTrihelix Transcription factor AST1 mediates abiotic stress tolerance by binding to a novel AGAG-box and some GT motifs
Authors: Xu Hongyun , He Lin , Guo Yong , Shi Xinxin , Zang Dandan , Li Hongyan , Zhang Wenhui , Wang Yucheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTrihelix transcription factors are characterized by containing a conserved trihelix (helix-loop-helix-loop-helix) domain that bind to GT elements required for light response, play roles in light stress, and also in abiotic stress responses. However, only few of them have been functionally characterised. In the present study, we characterized the function of AST1 (Arabidopsis SIP1 clade Trihelix1) in response to abiotic stress. AST1 shows transcriptional activation activity, and its expression is induced by osmotic and salt stress. The genes regulated by AST1 were identified using qRT-PCR and transcriptome assays. A conserved sequence highly present in the promoters of genes regulated by AST1 was identified, which is bound by AST1, and termed AGAG-box with the sequence [A/G][G/A][A/T]GAGAG. Additionally, AST1 also binds to some GT motifs including GGTAATT, TACAGT, GGTAAAT and GGTAAA, but failed in binding to GTTAC and GGTTAA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation combined with qRT-PCR analysis suggested that AST1 binds to AGAG-box and/or some GT motifs to regulate the expression of stress tolerance genes, resulting in reduced reactive oxygen species, Na+accumulation, stomatal apertures, lipid peroxidation, cell death and water loss rate, and increased proline content and reactive oxygen species scavenging capability. These physiological changes mediated by AST1 finally improve abiotic stress tolerance.
Fault tolerant control against actuator faults based on enhanced PID controller for a quadrotor
Authors: Ermeydan Ahmet , Kiyak Emre 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present fault tolerant control of a quadrotor based on the enhanced proportional integral derivative (PID) structure in the presence of one or more actuator faults.Design/methodology/approachMathematical model of the quadrotor is derived by parameter identification of the system for the simulation of the UAV dynamics and flight control in MATLAB/Simulink. An improved PID structure is used to provide the stability of the nonlinear quadcopter system both for attitude and path control of the system. The results of the healty system and the faulty system are given in simulations, together with motor dynamics.FindingsIn this study, actuator faults are considered to show that a robust controller design handles the loss of effectiveness in motors up to some extent. For the loss of control effectiveness of 20 per cent in first and third motors, psi state follows the reference with steady state error, and it does not go unstable. Motor 1 and Motor 3 respond to given motor fault quickly. When it comes to one actuator fault, steady state errors remain in some states, but the system does not become unstable.Originality/valueIn this paper, an enhanced PID controller is proposed to keep the quadrotor stable in case of actuator faults. Proposed method demonstrates the effectiveness of the control system against motor faults.