bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Parametrisation of Legal Terminology Concerning Child Maintenance Support in the Swedish and Polish Legal Systems
Authors: Hadryan Milena 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
This paper deals with translating legal terminology concerning child maintenance from Polish to Swedish. The analysis covers selected terms regulated in the Polish civil law and their possible Swedish equivalents. The method used is based on the parameterisation of legal terms, which allows the specification of terms by selected parameters, which are understood as mutually exclusive properties. The parameterised equivalents are analysed in the context of various types of recipients. This provides the basis for the choice of appropriate translation strategies. The author also discusses pragmatic equivalents featured in Rikstermbanken, the Swedish national terminological database, and those used in practice.
Three Decades of Religious Vote in Europe
Authors: Cordero Guillermo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe social sciences have often claimed the end of religiosity as one explanation for electoral behaviour in Europe. Nevertheless, left and right parties still incorporate religious and moral issues on the agenda in order to distance themselves from their opponents. This article undertakes a comparative study of 34 European democracies and examines the extent to which religious voting has diminished since the eighties. Results point to a sharp decline in the levels of religious vote until the nineties, followed by a revitalization since that time in a third of the countries included in the sample. The analysis also highlights the important role played by the political elite in activating the religious vote.
Fused thia-heterocycles via isothiocyanates. Part I. Facile synthesis of some new 1-benzothiopyran- 4-one derivatives
Authors: Barhoumi Lina M. , El-Abadelah Mustafa M. , Sabri Salim S. , Voelter Wolfgang 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A selected set of new 4H-benzothiopyran-4-one derivatives 6a–h has been prepared by a one-pot reaction involving deprotonated methyl 3-oxo-3(2′,4′,5′-trichlorophenyl)propanoate 5 and the appropriate aryl or alkyl isothiocyanate. 2,4,5-Trichloroacetophenone 4, required for the synthesis of 5, is successfully prepared by Friedel–Craft’s acetylation of 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene in 82% yield. The structures of the new compounds 5 and 6a–h are based on microanalytical and spectral (NMR, MS(EI), and HRMS) data.
Factors Related to Self-rated Health in Older Adults: A Clinical Approach Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) Model
Authors: Tiernan Chad W. , Fleishman Hali A. , Hiscox Meghann A. , Shaver Sarah N. , Stauffer Caitlyn M. , Thibodeau Patrick A. W. 
Published: April 2017

Background and Purpose:
A growing population of older adults will require health care professionals to become increasingly knowledgeable in geriatric care. Patient ratings, functional measures, and emphasis on health and wellness should be part of geriatric physical therapy practice. The purpose of the current study was to examine relationships between self-rated health (SRH) and movement-related variables in older adults using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) as a research framework. Associations between body mass index (BMI), gait, and balance confidence were also explored.

Methods:
Thirty older adults (mean age = 74.1 years; 18 women and 12 men) participated in the study and completed the following questionnaires: SRH, Short Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale, Keele Assessment of Participation, and the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale–Abbreviated. Spatiotemporal gait parameters, BMI, and isokinetic knee extensor strength were also assessed.

Results:
Bivariate results indicated significant associations between SRH and double-support time during gait (r
s = −0.6, P < .001), gait speed (r
s = 0.4, P = .05), step length (r
s = 0.4, P = .05), BMI (r
s = −0.4, P = .015), and hilliness of neighborhood (r
s = −0.4, P = .015). Individual regression models, controlling for education and age, demonstrated that double-support time was the strongest predictor of SRH (R
2 = 0.50, P = .001). Comparisons of the low versus high BMI groups indicated more favorable balance confidence and gait characteristics for the low BMI group, particularly in double support (t = −3.8, P = .001).

Conclusions:
SRH should be considered as a quick, patient-focused assessment of health in older adults. Measures of double-support time and BMI may provide clinicians with useful information about their geriatric patients' overall health and function.
Four Weeks of Nordic Hamstring Exercise Reduce Muscle Injury Risk Factors in Young Adults
Authors: Ribeiro-Alvares João Breno , Marques Vanessa B. , Vaz Marco A. , Baroni Bruno M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Ribeiro-Alvares, JB, Marques, VB, Vaz, MA, and Baroni, BM. Four weeks of Nordic hamstring exercise reduce muscle injury risk factors in young adults. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1254–1262, 2018—The Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) is a field-based exercise designed for knee-flexor eccentric strengthening, aimed at prevention of muscle strains. However, possible effects of NHE programs on other hamstring injury risk factors remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a NHE training program on multiple hamstring injury risk factors. Twenty physically active young adults were allocated into 2 equal-sized groups: control group (CG) and training group (TG). The TG was engaged in a 4-week NHE program, twice a week, 3 sets of 6–10 repetitions; while CG received no exercise intervention. The knee flexor and extensor strength were assessed through isokinetic dynamometry, the biceps femoris long head muscle architecture through ultrasound images, and the hamstring flexibility through sit-and-reach test. The results showed that CG subjects had no significant change in any outcome. TG presented higher percent changes than CG for hamstring isometric peak torque (9%; effect size [ES] = 0.27), eccentric peak torque (13%; ES = 0.60), eccentric work (18%; ES = 0.86), and functional hamstring-to-quadriceps torque ratio (13%; ES = 0.80). The NHE program led also to increased fascicle length (22%; ES = 2.77) and reduced pennation angle (−17%; ES = 1.27) in biceps femoris long head of the TG, without significant changes on muscle thickness. In conclusion, a short-term NHE training program (4 weeks; 8 training sessions) counteracts multiple hamstring injury risk factors in physically active young adults.
Effect of Heating and Thermal Deformation on Austenite Grain Size of B1500HS Boron Steel
Authors: Li H. , Yang H. , He L. , Zhang C. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
To investigate the effect of temperature and soaking time on the austenite grain size of B1500HS boron steel, samples of B1500HS steel were, respectively, heated at 900, 925, 950, 975, and 1000°C for 10, 20, 40, and 60 min, and the grain sizes of austenite for the heated samples were measured. Besides that, samples of B1500HS steel were heated at 1000°C for 10, 20, and 40 min by the thermo-mechanical simulator Gleeble-1500D, and then deformed with the deformation of 10, 20, and 30 % at the strain rate of 0.1 and 0.5 s−1, respectively, the effect of deformation degree and strain rate on the grain size of austenite was also studied. The experimental results showed that the average grain size of austenite rises with the increase of austenitization temperature and soaking time, but the average grain size reduced with the increase of deformation degree and strain rate. Finally, a grain growth model of B1500HS steel was given according to the experimental results.
Modulation of Illusory Reversal in Tactile Temporal Order by the Phase of Posterior α Rhythm
Authors: Takahashi Toshimitsu , Kitazawa Shigeru 
Published: April 2017

The subjective temporal order of tactile stimuli, delivered sequentially to each hand with an interval of 100–300 ms, is often inverted when the arms are crossed. Based on data from behavioral and neuroimaging studies, it has been proposed that the reversal is due to a conflict between anatomical and spatial representations of the tactile signal or to the production of an inverted apparent motion signal. Because the α rhythms, which consist of a few distinct components, reportedly modulate tactile perception and apparent motion and serve as a 10 Hz timer, we hypothesized that the illusory reversal would be regulated by some of the α rhythms. To test this hypothesis, we conducted magnetoencephalographic recordings in both male and female participants during the tactile temporal order judgment task. We decomposed the α rhythms into five independent components and discovered that the illusory reversal was modulated by the phase of one independent component with strong current sources near the parieto-occipital (PO) sulcus (peri-PO component). As expected, the estimated current sources distributed over the human MST implicated to represent tactile apparent motion, in addition to the intraparietal region implicated in mapping tactile signals in space. However, the strongest source was located in the precuneus that occupies a central hub region in the cortical networks and receives tactile inputs through a tecto-thalamic pathway. These results suggest that the peri-PO component plays an essential role in regulating tactile temporal perception by modulating the thalamic nuclei that interconnect the superior colliculus with the cortical networks.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite a long-held hypothesis that the posterior α rhythm serves as a 10 Hz timer that regulates human temporal perception, the contribution of the α rhythms in temporal perception is still unclear. We examined how the α rhythms influence tactile temporal order judgment. Judgment reversal depended on the phase of one particular α rhythm with its source near the parieto-occipital sulcus. The peri-parieto-occipital α rhythm may play a crucial role in organizing tactile temporal perception.
Sodium Channel Nav1.8 Underlies TTX-Resistant Axonal Action Potential Conduction in Somatosensory C-Fibers of Distal Cutaneous Nerves
Authors: Klein Amanda H. , Vyshnevska Alina , Hartke Timothy V. , De Col Roberto , Mankowski Joseph L. , Turnquist Brian , Bosmans Frank , Reeh Peter W. , Schmelz Martin , Carr Richard W. , Ringkamp Matthias 
Published: April 2017

Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels are responsible for the initiation and conduction of action potentials within primary afferents. The nine NaVchannel isoforms recognized in mammals are often functionally divided into tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive (TTX-s) channels (NaV1.1–NaV1.4, NaV1.6–NaV1.7) that are blocked by nanomolar concentrations and TTX-resistant (TTX-r) channels (NaV1.8 and NaV1.9) inhibited by millimolar concentrations, with NaV1.5 having an intermediate toxin sensitivity. For small-diameter primary afferent neurons, it is unclear to what extent different NaVchannel isoforms are distributed along the peripheral and central branches of their bifurcated axons. To determine the relative contribution of TTX-s and TTX-r channels to action potential conduction in different axonal compartments, we investigated the effects of TTX on C-fiber-mediated compound action potentials (C-CAPs) of proximal and distal peripheral nerve segments and dorsal roots from mice and pigtail monkeys (Macaca nemestrina). In the dorsal roots and proximal peripheral nerves of mice and nonhuman primates, TTX reduced the C-CAP amplitude to 16% of the baseline. In contrast, >30% of the C-CAP was resistant to TTX in distal peripheral branches of monkeys and WT and NaV1.9−/−mice. In nerves from NaV1.8−/−mice, TTX-r C-CAPs could not be detected. These data indicate that NaV1.8 is the primary isoform underlying TTX-r conduction in distal axons of somatosensory C-fibers. Furthermore, there is a differential spatial distribution of NaV1.8 within C-fiber axons, being functionally more prominent in the most distal axons and terminal regions. The enrichment of NaV1.8 in distal axons may provide a useful target in the treatment of pain of peripheral origin.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is unclear whether individual sodium channel isoforms exert differential roles in action potential conduction along the axonal membrane of nociceptive, unmyelinated peripheral nerve fibers, but clarifying the role of sodium channel subtypes in different axonal segments may be useful for the development of novel analgesic strategies. Here, we provide evidence from mice and nonhuman primates that a substantial portion of the C-fiber compound action potential in distal peripheral nerves, but not proximal nerves or dorsal roots, is resistant to tetrodotoxin and that, in mice, this effect is mediated solely by voltage-gated sodium channel 1.8 (NaV1.8). The functional prominence of NaV1.8 within the axonal compartment immediately proximal to its termination may affect strategies targeting pain of peripheral origin.
RNAseq Analysis of theDrosophilaResponse to the Entomopathogenic NematodeSteinernema
Authors: Yadav Shruti , Daugherty Sean , Shetty Amol Carl , Eleftherianos Ioannis 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster is an outstanding model to study the molecular and functional basis of host–pathogen interactions. Currently, our knowledge of microbial infections in D. melanogaster is well understood; however, the response of flies to nematode infections is still in its infancy. Here, we have used the potent parasitic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae, which lives in mutualism with its endosymbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus nematophila, to examine the transcriptomic basis of the interaction between D. melanogaster and entomopathogenic nematodes. We have employed next-generation RNA sequencing (RNAseq) to investigate the transcriptomic profile of D. melanogaster larvae in response to infection by S. carpocapsae symbiotic (carrying X. nematophila) or axenic (lacking X. nematophila) nematodes. Bioinformatic analyses have identified the strong induction of genes that are associated with the peritrophic membrane and the stress response, as well as several genes that participate in developmental processes. We have also found that genes with different biological functions are enriched in D. melanogaster larvae responding to either symbiotic or axenic nematodes. We further show that while symbiotic nematode infection enriched certain known immune-related genes, axenic nematode infection enriched several genes associated with chitin binding, lipid metabolic functions, and neuroactive ligand receptors. In addition, we have identified genes with a potential role in nematode recognition and genes with potential antinematode activity. Findings from this study will undoubtedly set the stage for the identification of key regulators of antinematode immune mechanisms in D. melanogaster, as well as in other insects of socioeconomic importance.
Validation of the Pediatric Sedation State Scale
Authors: Cravero Joseph P. , Askins Nissa , Sriswasdi Patcharee , Tsze Daniel S. , Zurakowski David , Sinnott Sean 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVES:Development and validation of the Pediatric Sedation State Scale (PSSS) is intended to specifically meet the needs of pediatric procedural sedation providers to measure effectiveness and quality of care.METHODS:The PSSS content was developed through Delphi methods utilizing leading pediatric sedation experts and published guidelines on procedural sedation in children. Video clips were created and presented to study participants, who graded the state of patients during procedures by using the PSSS to evaluate inter- and intrarater reliability by determining the intraclass correlation coefficient. We also compared the PSSS to the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress–revised during 4 clinically relevant phases of a laceration repair procedure.RESULTS:Six sedation states were defined for the PSSS. Each state was assigned a numerical value with higher numbers for increasing activity states. We included behaviors associated with adequate and inadequate sedation and adverse events associated with excessive sedation. Analysis of interrater and intrarater reliability revealed an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.994 (95% confidence interval: 0.986–0.998) and 0.986 (95% confidence interval: 0.970–0.995), respectively. Criterion validity was confirmed with respect to the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress–revised (Spearman r = 0.96). Construct validity was indicated by significant differences in PSSS scores (P &lt; .001) between 4 phases of a procedure, each having a different degree of painful or distressing stimuli.CONCLUSIONS:The PSSS is a 6-point scale that is a valid measure of the effectiveness and quality of procedural sedation in children within the limits of the testing method used in this study.
Empirical Correlations for the Swelling Pressure of Expansive Clays in the City of Barranquilla, Colombia
Authors: Cantillo Victor , Mercado Vicente , Pájaro César 
Published: April 2017

Swelling behavior of clays is of great importance for numerous engineering applications due to the prevalence of expansive clays around the world. Expansive clays are present in Mexico City, United States, Australia, Africa and South America, among others. In some cases, these types of clays could present swell pressure values greater than 400 kPa. In this technical note, correlation equations are developed to estimate the swell pressure of clays using laboratory tests performed on swelling clays in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia. Correlations are based on Atterberg limits and water content among other soil properties. Equations with statistically significant coefficients were selected and compared with equations found in the literature. Developed correlations evidenced that swell pressure decays quickly as water content increases. It was found that for the studied soils, Atterberg Limits did not present statistical significance in the estimation of swell pressure. Correlaciones empíricas para la determinación de la presión de expansión de arcillas expansivas en Barranquilla, Colombia ResumenEl comportamiento expansivo de las arcillas presenta vital importancia alrededor del mundo, ya que este tipo de arcillas se encuentras en diversas y extensas zonas del planeta. Arcillas con este tipo de comportamiento se encuentran presentes en diversas regiones del mundo como la ciudad de México, los Estados Unidos, Australia, algunas zonas de África y Sudamérica, entre otras. Este tipo de arcillas pueden presentar en algunos casos presiones de expansión superiores a los 400 kPa. En la presente nota técnica se desarrollan correlaciones para estimar la presión de expansión de arcillas con base en ensayos de laboratorio practicados a arcillas con comportamiento expansivo presentes en la ciudad de Barranquilla, Colombia. Las correlaciones desarrolladas se basan en los límites de Atterberg y contenido de humedad, entre otras propiedades de los suelos. Se seleccionaron aquellas ecuaciones que presentaban coeficientes estadísticamente significativos y se realizaron comparaciones con correlaciones presentes en la literatura. Las correlaciones mostraron que la presión de expansión decae rápidamente a medida que el contenido de humedad aumenta. Además, se observó que para los suelos estudiados los límites de Atterberg no son estadísticamente significativos para la estimación de la presión de expansión.
La devoción a la Divina Misericordia segun Sancta Faustina Kowalska
Authors: Machniak Jan 
Published: April 2017

La devoción a la Divina Misericordia como una forma de culto a Dios tiene como objeto propio a Dios en el misterio de la misericordia y se inserta en la tradición de la piedad cristiana, convirtiéndose en su prolongación y en su enriquecimiento. Se dirige a la misericordia del Padre, revelado plenamente en la pasión, en la muerte y en la resurreción de Cristo y se basa en la actitud de confianza en Dios.Las nuevas formas de devoción propuestas por la Hermana Faustina en base a las revelaciones privadas que obtuvo de Jesús se convierten en una oportunidad de adorar a Dios y en una apertura a su actuación. La canonización de Santa Faustina Kowalska y la institución de la Fiesta de la Misericordia para toda la Iglesia son una indicación clara del Santo Padre Juan Pablo II para emprender estas formas de devoción en la Liturgia de la Iglesia, así como en la animación a los fieles para que se beneficien de ellas en su piedad privada.
The Principle of Individuation in the Constitution of the Human Person
Authors: Dadić Borislav 
Published: April 2017

It is generally considered that the principle of individuation is matter and that this doctrine comes from Aristotle. This paper will examine how medieval philosophers approached this problem and we will show that they offered various theories by which the principle of individuation could be matter, form, combination of matter and form, accidents or some special principle such as haecceitas, which we find in the school of J. Duns Scotus. We will assess how all these theories resolve the problem only partially, and thus indicate the need of a single principle of individuation. This becomes particularly relevant in the context of the metaphysical study of a human person. Our research will show that it is actus essendi, which is not only the act of all acts, but also the principle of all principles.
Pastoral Challenges After World Youth Day 2016
Authors: Pawlina Krzysztof 
Published: April 2017

World Youth Day (WYD) 2016 gathered a powerful body of youth, who are now asking; What’s next? Without a doubt this group of young people is the promising group within the Church. They are brave and consciously living their faith. They have lived something that has radically transformed them. There are not many of them, yet they are strong. They are excelling and forming a wedge in a growing secular environment. What about those who are left? What’s happening with them? Who are today’s Polish youth and what dilemmas are they facing? As the results of a study completed on the topic of youth and their spirituality shows, we can generally argue that the currently growing generation is a consumerist one. We are also experiencing a growing discrepancy between declared faith, active practice of faith, and morality. Today’s youth, essentially, are not concerned with matters of faith and carry a negative image of the congregation and priests. What indications may be implemented in the ministry of our youth after such a great event as the World Youth Day? What is the ministry of youth and how can we realize it?
„Emotional defeats” of parents
Authors: Mastalski Janusz 
Published: April 2017

In a family all kinds of conflicts and problems occur that affect both the parents and their children. The conflicts which are especially painful are those related to the inability of parents to deal with their own emotions and feelings. In this article, after clarifying the main concepts, the author first discusses the typical features of parental emotions and feelings (creativity, proximity, intensity) in order to identify the reasons for “emotional defeats” (the inability to express emotions, the inability to recognize emotions, emotional liability, “getting stuck” in some emotion, harmful suppression of emotions, masking of one’s feelings, stress, fatigue, addiction). Secondly, the author describes their effects (codependency, emotional distance, weakening of emotional ties, superficiality, impaired communication, “internal emigration”, family identity crisis). At the end, he discusses toxic tactics in dealing with these defeats (suppression; avoidance; pretending they do not exist; transfer of emotions on others; resignation in coping with emotions). Consequentially, these tactics lead them to formulate remedies. A discussion of these solutions concludes the article.