bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gamma Statistic Kakutani Fixed Point and Equilibrium Generative Adversarial Network Based Secure Steganography
Authors: V Gahan A , Devanagavi Geetha D 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Images have been frequently utilized as ideal conditions for hiding information through the employment of steganography algorithms. The information for hiding ranges between document digitization, another secret image where hidden data is said to be embedded without the intervention of humans. Until now, an abundance of steganography algorithms are found in the state-of-the-art works, as well as steganalysis techniques, dedicated to hidden information detection in files.Present-day Steganography algorithms depend on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) for embedding as much as secret text images as probableas reducing visual changes in a given input image (i.e., cover image) with improved accuracy.However, the embedding rate and bit error rate were focused minimally. Following this direction, this article endeavors to exemplify that a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) can be utilized to enhance the potentiality of spatial domain steganalysis method and to position secret text message information with minimal image alteration (i.e., improving the embedding rate and bit error rate) significantly. In this work, a method called, Gamma Statistic Kakutani Fixed-point and Equilibrium Generative Adversarial Network-based (GSKF-EGAN) secure steganography is proposed. First, a Gamma Statistic Histogram Equalization-based Preprocessing model is designed by fine-tuning the gamma coefficient and equalization for both the cover image and secret text image to circumvent high peak and ensure optimal illumination simultaneously. Second, the Kakutani Fixed-point and Equilibrium Generative Adversarial Network-based Steganography model is designed with the processed images as input. Here by employing the Kakutani Fixed-point ensures a significant embedding rate during the embedding process and using Strategic Equilibrium for validation ensures minimum distortion or bit error rate during the extraction process. Also, experimental results reveal that retrieved secret message data generated by the GSKF-EGAN method with minimum distortion or bit error rate, therefore enhancing retrieved image quality with a higher embedding rate than those generated by conventional image Steganography techniques.
The Synoptic Climatology of Winter and Summer Air Pollution in Glasgow, Scotland
Authors: Stevens Lucy , Phillips Ian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

An air mass type approach was employed to investigate the dependence of winter and summer pollutant concentrations at two sites in central Glasgow on weather conditions over the period from 2005 to 2020. A two-stage synoptic typing process of principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis was used to establish the air mass types. Daily means of seven surface meteorological variables calculated from hourly observations were entered into P-mode PCA. Three (two) principal components explained 72.2% (60.2%) of the variance in winter (summer). Days with similar weather conditions were grouped to produce six clusters (air mass types) for both winter and summer. There were statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences in daily mean O3, PM10, NOx, NO2 and CO between the six air mass types in both seasons. Apart from PM10, variations in pollutant concentration with air mass type were more pronounced in winter than in summer. In winter, the highest mean NOx, NO2 and PM10 concentrations occurred under the continental air mass, which is usually associated with high pressure, calm conditions limiting dispersion and the transport of pollutants from Continental Europe on a southeasterly wind. Furthermore, most breaches of air quality guidelines occurred in winter for NO2 and PM10 occurred under that air mass type. Pollutant concentrations are generally lower in summer (apart from O3). Poor summer air quality was found to occur disproportionately under stable anticyclonic tropical and tropical continental air mass types.
Effect of Implementing Virtual Educational Sessions on Nursing Students’ Knowledge, Attitude and Hesitancy Regarding COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Fadel Eman , Alshawish Eman , El-Shaboury Rasha , Khalil Dalia , Zaghloul Fatma , EL-Feshawy Nagwa Ibrahim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: COVID-19 vaccination is the hopeful savior to curb the pandemic. One of the most urgent issues facing public health officials is vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy persists despite the availability of COVID-19 vaccinations because of ignorance and unfavorable attitudes. This study evaluated the effect of virtual educational sessions on nursing students’ knowledge, attitude, and hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccination.
Method: A quasi-experimental research design was used to recruit 350 undergraduate nursing students from each academic level using a convenience sampling technique. A self-administrative structured questionnaire was utilized to evaluate the nursing students’ knowledge, attitude, and hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccination.
Results: The mean of the total correct knowledge scores and the total negative attitudes scores regarding COVID-19 vaccination among the studied undergraduate nursing students improved from (13.82±5.08 & 36.38±7.03 respectively) pre-implementation of the virtual educational sessions to (35.59±2.62 & 17.6±5.13 respectively) post-implementation. The total vaccine hesitancy improved from (34.3% doubtful & 14.6% strongly hesitant) pre the implementation of the virtual educational sessions to (11.4% & 3.2% respectively) post-implementation.
Conclusion: The educational sessions had positive effect on undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge, attitude, and hesitancy regarding COVID-19 Vaccination.
Recommendation: Integration of the virtual educational sessions regarding COVID-19 vaccination into the curricula of educational nursing institutions.
Simulated millennial-scale climate variability driven by a convection-advection oscillator
Authors: Romé Yvan Malo , Ivanovic Ruza F. , Gregoire Lauren J. , Swingedouw Didier , Sherriff-Tadano Sam , Börner Reyk 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The last glacial period, between $\sim$ 115 and 12 thousand years before present, exhibited strong millennial-scale climate variability. This includes abrupt transitions between cold and warm climates, known as Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events. D-O events have been linked to switches in regimes of the Atlantic Overturning Meridional Circulation (AMOC), but the exact mechanisms behind abrupt climate changes and AMOC regimes switches remain poorly understood.
This paper introduces the convection-advection oscillator mechanism to explain the millennial-scale oscillations observed in a set of HadCM3 general circulation model simulations forced with snapshots of deglacial meltwater history. The oscillator can be separated into two components acting on different time scales. The fast convection component responds to changes in vertical stratification in the North Atlantic by activating or deactivating its deep water formation sites. The slow advection component regulates the accumulation and depletion of salinity in the North Atlantic.
This oscillator mechanism is triggered under specific background conditions and freshwater release combinations. The initial perturbation introduces an instability that triggers a global salt reorganisation, modifying the North Atlantic stratification. For a given configuration, the system oscillates if the salt redistribution can lead to both the reactivation and the deactivation of the AMOC. Otherwise, the climate settles in a warm or cold steady state. This new mechanism expands the existing millennial-scale variability theories and provides a general framework for understanding abrupt climate changes in general circulation models
Risk and protective factors associated with grey matter patterns in older adults
Authors: Lorenzon Giulia , Marseglia Anna , Poulakis Konstantinos , Rydén Lina , Lindberg Olof , Shams Sara , Mohanty Rosaleena , Ferreira Daniel , Kivipelto Miia , Eriksdotter Maria , Kern Silke , Skoog Ingmar , Westman Eric 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

INTRODUCTION
Early dementia detection in the general population is challenged by high cerebral grey matter (GM) heterogeneity preceding behavioural symptoms. Here, we identify distinct GM patterns and their associated factors in a population-based cohort to detect at-risk individuals.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study examined 746 dementia-free 70-years-old individuals from the Gothenburg H70 Study to identify GM patterns using random forest clustering on MRI measures and examine their associations with sociodemographic, cardiometabolic, cognitive, genetic, and biomarker characteristics.
RESULTS
Five GM clusters emerged, primarily differentiated by frontoparietal regions. Compared to Cluster 1 (reference), cortical thickness was greater in Clusters 3 and 4, while reduced in Cluster 2, and mixed in Cluster 5. Significant factors included education, cardiometabolic conditions, depression, neurodegeneration, small vessel disease, lipidic and inflammatory alterations. Interestingly, GM patterns reflected cognitive performance.
DISCUSSION
Cerebrovascular health and related processes could be crucial for GM heterogeneity in late life, with implications for preventive strategies.
GenAI Minimum Acceptance Checks Static and Dynamic Model Checking of Conditioning Generative Artificial Intelligence Models for Subsurface Modeling
Authors: Merzoug Ahmed , Liu Lei , Pyrcz Michael J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Optimal subsurface development decision-making relies on the calculation of an accurate ensemble of subsurface feature realizations that integrate all available sources of information. Generative artificial intelligence (genAI) has been proposed as a solution for building subsurface realization ensembles that may exceed geostatistical methods for conditioning not only to local measurements but also to qualitative geological concepts based on the complicated depositional, preservation, and alternation history of subsurface resource accumulations. GenAI models such as variational autoencoders, generative adversarial networks, and denoising diffusion probabilistic models have been applied, but these models are often checked by ocular inspection or limited statistics. We propose an extended genAI model checking protocol with novel metrics, diagnostics, and plots to expand current geostatistical model checking methods, known collectivity as minimum acceptance checks. This genAI model checking protocol includes checks for global univariate distribution, local and global uncertainty models, spatial continuity, local data exactitude, and local dynamic response. To demonstrate this expanded genAI model checking protocol, we design and train three diverse genAI methods on sequential Gaussian simulation realization-based training images for different variogram ranges. The results show that GANs passed all checks, DDPMs had some limitations in reproducing local uncertainty, whereas VAEs failed most of the checks. Our enhanced workflow allows for a quantitative measure of the performance of genAI models. It allows practitioners to select suitable genAI models for their subsurface modeling workflows and to have improved confidence in the development decision based on these genAI realizations.
The Role of Spousal Socio-Demographic Differences and Decision-Making Power Dynamics on Contraceptive Use Among Married Female Adolescents in Rural Ethiopia
Authors: Mekonnen Yared , Hagos Tati , Wolde Endeshaw , Telake Daniel , Yared Kidus 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background:
Ethiopia has one of the largest populations of married female adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. These young women face challenges related to gender roles, socio-economic factors, and reproductive health, impacting their access to family planning services. This study examines how spousal socio-demographic differences and decision-making dynamics affect contraceptive use among these adolescents in rural Ethiopia.
Methods:
In January 2022, a household survey was conducted as part of the RISE intervention program, involving 2,125 married female adolescents aged 15–19 from rural areas. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select participants. Multivariate logistic regression models analyzed the effect of spousal characteristics on contraceptive use.
Results:
The average age of respondents was 17.9 years, with 56.5% having given birth and 84% having completed at least elementary education. The modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) was 38.5%, with injectables being the most used method. Husbands were on average eight years older, and a husband-wife age gap of 10 + years significantly reduced contraceptive use (AOR 0.69). Higher education levels among wives (AOR 1.69) and similar education between spouses (AOR 1.76) increased contraceptive use. Women involved in financial (AOR 1.94), healthcare (AOR 1.42), and family size decisions (AOR 1.35) were more likely to use contraception.
Conclusion:
Contraceptive use among married adolescents in rural Ethiopia is shaped by spousal age differences, education, and decision-making dynamics. Addressing gender power imbalances, promoting female education, and involving men in family planning are critical for improving outcomes.
Time-kill kinetics antibacterial activity of ethyl-acetate extract of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168.
Authors: Balogun Olasinbo Olumuyiwa , Ugoh Sylvanus Chukwudi , Abioye Olabisi Peter , Oladosu Peters Oluwale 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: The rise in antibiotic-resistant pathogens underscores the urgent need to fortify the existing weak antimicrobial agents. Novel antimicrobials are products of microbes, as two-thirds of the currently available antibiotics are sourced from them. Understanding the killing rate of the potential antibiotic-producing microbe is essential during the development of antimicrobials. Our preliminary investigation identified a potential antibiotic-producing Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis168.
Method: In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activity and time-kill kinetics of the extract of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis 168 against some selected pathogenic strains. Broth microdilution and time-kill assays were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the extract. Data analysis was performed with the Kruska-Wallis H test using the statistical software Stata 16.
Results:The extract showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) (MIC = 28.70 mg/mL), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) (MIC = 28.70 mg/mL), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC 27853) (MIC = 28.70 mg/mL) and K. pneuminiae (MIC = 14.35 mg/mL). At 0.5 × MIC, the extract was bacteriostatic against all the test bacteria for the 24-hour incubation period. At the 1 x MIC (28.70 mg/mL), the extract achieved bactericidal endpoints (≥99.9% killing) of 3.87 Log10 CFU/mL reduction of S. aureus (ATCC 25923) at 6 h incubation, 6.81 Log10 CFU/mL reduction of E. coli (ATCC 25922) at 6 h (1 x MIC: 28.70 mg/mL), 6.87 Log10 CFU/mL reduction of P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) at 8 h (1 x MIC: 28.70 mg/mL), and 6.90 Log10 CFU/mL reduction at 8 h incubation of K. pneumoniae (1 x MIC: 14.35 mg/mL). At 2 x MIC, the extract showed bactericidal endpoints of at least 3 Log10 CFU/mL reduction of all the test strains at lower exposure times. The killing kinetics of the extract against each test strain were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05) at 0.5 x MIC, 1 x MIC, and 2 x MIC.
Conclusion: The killing kinetics of the extract demonstrated both time- and concentration-dependent bactericidal activity against the selected panel of pathogenic strains, achieving a minimum three-log reduction at 1 × MIC and 2 × MIC within 2-8 h exposure. These findings suggest the promising therapeutic potential of the extract.
Лекции Ф.В.Й. Шеллинга, прочитанные в летнем семестре 1801 г. (конспект И.П.В. Трокслера)
Authors: Золотухин В.В 
Published: October 2024

Вниманию читателя предлагается первый перевод трокслеровских конспектов лекций Шеллинга на русский язык. Лекции были прочитаны в летнем семестре 1801 г. в Йенском университете, конспект составлен 21-летним йенским студентом И.П.В. Трокслером. Важной особенностью текста является то, что он представляет собой не запись непосредственно в аудитории, а воспроизведение услышанного по памяти после занятий. Предполагается, что Трокслеру удалось передать понятийную систему Шеллинга без искажений. Конспект уникален: материалов самого Шеллинга по лекциям летнего семестра 1801 г. пока не обнаружено. Запись Трокслера состоит из двух частей: первая содержит концептуальное введение в учение об абсолютном тождестве, вторая представляет собой комментарий к параграфам манифеста философии абсолютного тождества - «Изложению моей системы философии».
I.P.V. Troxler’s Summary of Schelling’s Lectures Delivered in Summer Semester 1801 translated from German into Russian by Vsevolod Zolotukhin
Искушение буквализмом, или Каким должен быть перевод античной философской классики?
Authors: Месяц С.В 
Published: October 2024

Нарастающая неудовлетворенность классическими русскими переводами Платона и Аристотеля, созданными во второй половине XX в., а также желание заменить их более новыми, точными и отвечающими современному состоянию науки, заставляет поставить вопрос о принципах перевода античных философских текстов. В статье показано, что если советские переводчики руководствовались в основном принципом «художественного» перевода, предполагающего творческое воссоздание оригинала средствами родного языка, то современный читатель больше склоняется к переводу «буквальному», передающему не столько мысль автора, как ее понял переводчик, сколько слова переводимого текста. В статье дается сравнительное описание обеих переводческих стратегий и на конкретных примерах показываются сильные и слабые стороны каждой из них.
The growing dissatisfaction with classical Russian translations of Plato and Aristotle of the second half of the 20nd cent., as well as the recent efforts to replace them with more exact and accurate ones compel us to raise a question of how to translate ancient philosophical texts. The paper shows that the former soviet translators basically adhered to the principle of “artistic” translation, which involved the re-creation of the Greek or Latin original by means of their native language. On the contrary, modern Russian scholars prefer to follow the principle of the so called “literal” translation, considered to be a more accurate one because of reproducing rather the words of the translated text than the thought of the author, as it is understood by the translator. The article gives a comparative description of both approaches and shows on concrete examples the advantages and disadvantages of each of them.
Лики китайской рациональности
Authors: Рыков С.Ю 
Published: October 2024

В статье анализируются крупнейшие теории китайской рациональности и особенностей китайской мысли в современной зарубежной и российской синологии. Разбираются дискуссии об аргументативности китайской мысли, осмысление сущности и роли «нумерологии» в китайской мысли, а также концепции влияния китайского языка на китайскую мысль. Подробно рассматриваются теории китайской мысли как «мудрости» таких авторов, как М. Гране и Ф. Жюльен, приводятся идеи Дж. Нидэма, А. Грэма, Ч. Хансена, описывается концепция китайской рациональности и китайского языка К. Харбсмайера, дается представление о методе «структурного анализа китайской классики» В.С. Спирина и А.М. Карапетьянца, упоминается концепция «конструкутивизма» китайской логики А.А. Крушинского, детально описывается теория «нумерологичности» китайской рациональности А.И. Кобзева. Анализ позволяет сделать выводы, что 1) китайская мысль фундаментально многообразна; 2) китайская мысль аргументативна и полемична; 3) в классическом китайском письменном языке есть потенциал для многих форм рациональности.
This article analyses several major theories of Chinese rationality and features of Chinese thought in contemporary sinology. It analyses the discussions about the forms of Chinese reasoning, understanding the role of “numerology” in Chinese thought, as well as the ideas of the influence of Chinese language on Chinese thought. The article considers in detail theories of Chinese thought as “wisdom” of such authors as M. Granet and F. Jullien. It also mentions some ideas of J. Needham, A. Graham, Ch. Hansen, describes the results of reflection on Chinese rationality and Chinese language by Ch. Harbsmeier, gives an idea of the method of "Structural Analysis of Chinese Classics" by V.S. Spirin and A.M. Karapetyants, as well as the idea of Chinese ‘constructivist’ logic by A.A. Krushinsky. It also considers in detail the theory of Chinese "numerological" rationality by A.I. Kobzev.The analysis shows that 1) Chinese thought is fundamentally diverse; 2) Chinese thought is argumentative and polemical; 3) classical Chinese language has a potential for many diverse forms of rationality.
Флоренский и Кант: человек в пространстве и времени
Authors: Длугач Т.Б 
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматривается восприятие П. Флоренским главных философских принципов Канта. При анализе им кантовской философии выявлен определённый логический круг. Он заключается в том, что познать предмет невозможно, не построив его, но построить нельзя, не познав. Это остается для Канта проблемой. Автор объясняет, как с позиций православного символизма Флоренский критикует кантовский принцип человеческой автономии. Внимание в статье уделяется трудностям понимания Флоренским символа как единства феномена и ноумена. Неоднозначное понимание ноумена Кантом снимается Флоренским в сведении ноуменов к умозрительным сущностям. Для них время течёт в обратную сторону от следствий к причине, а пространство «выворачивается» через себя и становится мнимым. Эти идеи отца Павла могут в дальнейшем быть поняты сквозь призму достижений науки: так, замедление обмена веществ в летаргических процессах свидетельствует о существенных изменениях в них времени. Затрагивается вопрос об обратном течении времени в математике. Внимание уделяется идее Флоренского об обратном течении времени в творческих процессах. В статье высоко оценивается стремление Флоренского понять пространственное видение в культурно-историческом плане; плодотворны его исследования перспективы. Автор статьи убеждает в необходимости сравнения западных и отечественных философских идей.
The article deals with the perception of Pavel Florensky of the main philosophical principles of Kant. During analyzing Kant’s philosophy a certain logical circle was first revealed. It consists in the fact that it is impossible to know an object without constructing it, but it is impossible to construct it without knowing it. This remains a problem for Kant. The author explains how, from the standpoint of Orthodox symbolism, Florensky criticizes the Kantian principle of human autonomy. The attention is drawn to the difficulties of Florensky to understand the symbol as the unity of the phenomenon and noumena. The ambiguous understanding of the Kantian noumen is removed by Florensky in the reduction of the noumenon to speculative entities. Time flows in the opposite direction from the effects to the cause for them, and the space "turns out" through itself and becomes imaginary. These ideas of Father Pavel can be further understood through the prism of science: thus, a slowing of metabolism in lethargic processes and hibernation of animals indicates a significant change in their time. The question of the reverse course of time in mathematics is touched upon. Attention is paid to the idea of Florensky about the reverse flow of time in creative processes. The article highly appreciates Florensky’s desire to understand spatial vision in cultural and historical terms. His research prospects are fruitful. The author proves that it is necessary to compare Western and Russian philosophical ideas.