bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Emulsion Based on Janus Nanosheets for Ultra‐Deep Desulfurization
Authors: Xia Lixin , Zhang Hairan , Wei Zhichao , Jiang Yi , Zhang Ling , Zhao Jie , Zhang Junhui , Dong Li , Li Erni , Ruhlmann Laurent , Zhang Qian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCatalytic Janus nanosheets were synthesized by using an anion‐exchange reaction between heteropolyacids (HPAs) and the modified ionic‐liquid (IL) moieties of Janus nanosheets. Their morphology and surface properties were characterized by using SEM, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), FTIR spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies. Because of their inherent Janus structure, the nanosheets exhibited good amphipathic character with ILs and oil to form a stable ILs‐in‐oil emulsion. Therefore, these Janus nanosheets can be used as both emulsifiers and catalysts to perform emulsive desulfurization. During this process, sulfur‐containing compounds at the interface could be easily oxidized and efficiently removed from a model oil. Application of this Janus emulsion brings an efficient, useful, and green procedure to the desulfurization process. Compared with the desulfurization catalyzed by using HPAs in a conventional two‐phase system, the sulfur removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) achieved in a Janus emulsion system was improved from 68 to 97 % within 1.5 h. Moreover, this emulsion system could be demulsified easily by simple centrifugation to recover both the nanosheets and the ILs. Owing to the good structural stability of the Janus nanosheets, the sulfur removal efficiency of DBT could still reach 99.9 % after the catalytic nanosheets had been recycled at least six times.
Reactions Catalysed by a Binuclear Copper Complex: Relay Aerobic Oxidation of N‐Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolines to Dihydroisoquinolones with a Vitamin B1 Analogue
Authors: Liu Yuxia , Wang Chao , Xue Dong , Xiao Miao , Liu Jiao , Li Chaoqun , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractN‐Aryl tetrahydroisoquinolines were oxidised to dihydroisoquinolones through the relay catalysis of a binuclear paddle‐wheel copper complex and a vitamin B1 analogue with oxygen as oxidant. Mechanistic studies revealed that the copper catalyst oxidises amines to the corresponding iminium salts, which are then oxygenated to lactam products by catalysis of the vitamin B1 analogue.
Iridium versus Iridium: Nanocluster and Monometallic Catalysts Carrying the Same Ligand Behave Differently
Authors: Cano Israel , Martínez‐Prieto Luis M. , Chaudret Bruno , van Leeuwen Piet W. N. M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA specific secondary phosphine oxide (SPO) ligand (tert‐butyl(phenyl)phosphine oxide) was employed to generate two iridium catalysts, an Ir–SPO complex and IrNPs (iridium nanoparticles) ligated with SPO ligands, which were compared mutually and with several supported iridium catalysts with the aim to establish the differences in their catalytic properties. The Ir–SPO‐based catalysts showed totally different activities and selectivities in the hydrogenation of various substituted aldehydes, in which H2 is likely cleaved by a metal–ligand cooperation, that is, the SPO ligand and a neighboring metal centre operate in tandem to activate the hydrogen molecule. In addition, the supported IrNPs behave very differently from both Ir–SPO catalysts. This study exemplifies perfectly the advantages and disadvantages related to the use of the main types of catalysts, and thus the dissimilarities between them.
Service with a smile: A source of emotional exhaustion or performance incentive in call‐centre employees
Authors: Picard Karel , Cossette Michel , Morin Denis 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study examines the relationships between emotional labour (surface acting, deep acting, and natural expression of positive emotions) and emotional exhaustion and service performance among 215 call centre employees. Of the hypotheses concerning the relation between the three emotional regulation strategies to emotional exhaustion and to service performance, only natural expression of positive emotion is significantly related to both consequences. Results also suggest that neuroticism moderates the link between deep acting and emotional exhaustion: employees with low levels of neuroticism seem more emotionally exhausted when they use deep acting. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical and genetic determinants of ovarian metastases from colorectal cancer
Authors: Ganesh Karuna , Shah Ronak H. , Vakiani Efsevia , Nash Garrett M. , Skottowe Hugh P. , Yaeger Rona , Cercek Andrea , Lincoln Anne , Tran Christina , Segal Neil H. , Reidy Diane L. , Varghese Anna , Epstein Andrew S. , Sonoda Yukio , Chi Dennis , Guillem Jose , Temple Larissa , Paty Philip , Hechtman Jaclyn , Shia Jinru , Weiser Martin , Aguilar Julio Garcia , Kemeny Nancy , Berger Michael F. , Saltz Leonard , Stadler Zsofia K. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDOvarian metastases from colorectal cancer (OM‐CRC) often are unresponsive to chemotherapy and are associated with poor survival. To the authors' knowledge, the clinicopathologic and genomic predictors of OM‐CRC are poorly characterized and optimal clinical management remains unclear.METHODSWomen with a histopathological diagnosis of OM‐CRC who were treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 1999 to 2015 were identified. Next‐generation somatic mutation profiling (Memorial Sloan Kettering‐Integrated Mutation Profiling of Actionable Cancer Targets [MSK‐IMPACT]) was performed on 38 OM‐CRC cases, including 21 matched tumor pairs/trios. Regression models were used to analyze variables associated with progression‐free survival and overall survival (OS).RESULTSKirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS), SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4), and neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 (NTRK1) mutations were more frequent in cases of OM‐CRC than in instances of CRC occurring without OM. SMAD4 and lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) mutations were associated with reduced OS. Matched multisite tumor sequencing did not identify OM‐specific genomic alterations. Of the 195 patients who underwent oophorectomy for OM‐CRC (median age, 49 years with a progression‐free survival of 9.4 months and an OS of 23 months from oophorectomy), 76% had extraovarian metastasis (EOM). In multivariable analysis, residual disease after surgery (R2 resection) was associated with worse survival. Patients with EOM were less likely to achieve R0/R1 surgical resection status (complete macroscopic resection without clinical/radiological evidence of disease) (48% vs 94%). However, if R0/R1 resection status was achieved, both patients with (35.9 months vs 12 months) and without (43.2 months vs 14.5 months) EOM were found to have better OS. Among 114 patients with R0/R1 resection status, 23 (20%) had no disease recurrence, including 10 patients (9%) with > 3 years of follow‐up.CONCLUSIONSLoss‐of‐function alterations in SMAD4 are frequent and predictive of worse survival in patients with OM‐CRC. Similar to oligometastatic CRC to the lung or liver, surgical resection of OM‐CRC is associated with a better outcome only if all macroscopic metastatic disease is resected. Cancer 2017;123:1134–1143. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Identification of Outer and Inner Nickel Particles in a Mesoporous Support: How the Channels Modify the Reducibility of Ni/SBA‐15 Catalysts
Authors: Rodriguez‐Gomez Alberto , Caballero Alfonso 
Published: November 2016

AbstractTwo different nickel supported on SBA‐15 catalytic systems have been prepared by means of impregnation (Ni/SBA‐15‐ImU) and deposition‐precipitation (Ni/SBA‐15‐DP) methodologies. Upon calcination, Ni/SBA‐15DP presents a well‐developed nickel phyllosilicate phase, which after reduction gives rise to a dispersed and homogeneous metallic phase, mainly located inside the 5 nm in diameter mesoporous structure of the support. On the contrary, as evidenced by XRD and a double temperature programmed reduction (TPR) peak, the Ni/SBA‐15‐ImU catalyst presents two different NiO phases, which after reduction in hydrogen generate nickel particles in a wide range of sizes. In situ XAS and XPS have unambiguously showed that the distinct TPR profiles obtained for each system are related with particles located in and out the mesoporous structure of the SBA‐15 channels. The particles inside the porous are more difficult to reduce, clearly showing a kind of confinement effect of the SBA‐15 mesostructure, modifying the reducibility of the NiO phase.
Dynamics of Novel Photoactive AgCl Microstars and Their Environmental Applications
Authors: Simmchen Juliane , Baeza Alejandro , Miguel‐Lopez Albert , Stanton Morgan M. , Vallet‐Regi Maria , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel , Sánchez Samuel 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the field of micromotors many efforts have been taken to find a substitute for peroxide as fuel. While most approaches turn towards other toxic high energy chemicals such as hydrazine, we introduce here an energy source that is widely used in nature: light. Light is an ideal source of energy and some materials, such as AgCl, have the inherent property to transform light energy for chemical processes, which can be used to achieve propulsion. In the case of silver chloride, one process observed after light exposure is surface modification, which leads to the release of ions, generating chemo‐osmotic gradients. Here we present endeavors to use those processes to propel uniquely shaped micro‐objects of microstar morphology with a high surface‐to‐volume ratio, study their dynamics and present approaches to go towards real environmental applications.
Co‐SiO2 Nanocomposite Catalysts for COx‐Free Hydrogen Production by Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Hu Xiu‐Cui , Wang Wei‐Wei , Gu Ying‐Qiu , Jin Zhao , Song Qi‐Sheng , Jia Chun‐Jiang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHigh‐surface‐area Co‐SiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized by a simple two‐step procedure with activated carbon as the template. These materials catalyze the decomposition of ammonia to produce COx‐free hydrogen. The fresh and used catalysts were characterized by various techniques including X‐ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, and transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, temperature‐programmed reduction by hydrogen combined with the corresponding in situ XRD analysis was performed to investigate the redox properties of the as‐prepared catalysts. The strong interaction between the cobalt species and silica can effectively prevent the active cobalt nanoparticles from agglomerating during calcination and the ammonia decomposition reaction. The ammonia reaction rate reached about 7000 mol NH3 molCo−1 h−1 with a very high GHSV of 124 000 cm3 gcat−1 h−1 at 600 °C; this rate was maintained for 48 h without any observable deactivation of the as‐obtained Co‐SiO2 nanocomposite catalyst.
Detection of Dopamine by a Biomimetic Electrochemical Sensor Based on Polythioaniline‐Bridged Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Tertiş Mihaela , Florea Anca , Adumitrăchioaie Alina , Cernat Andreea , Bogdan Diana , Barbu‐Tudoran Lucian , Jaffrezic Renault Nicole , Săndulescu Robert , Cristea Cecilia 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA new biomimetic electrochemical sensor was developed for the detection of dopamine based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with electrochemically generated gold nanoparticles. The preparation of the polymer is simple and cost‐effective, achieving the polymerization of thioaniline and generation of gold nanoparticles in a single step by cyclic voltammetry, in the presence of the target molecule, dopamine. After extraction, the imprinted polymer exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity for dopamine. Moreover, the developed imprinted polymer film allows the fast, direct detection of dopamine without the need of a redox mediator. The formation of a self‐assembled monolayer of the monomer prior to electropolymerization ensures the adherence of the film onto the electrode surface, conferring good stability to the sensor (over two weeks). Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy were used for the complete characterization of the developed sensor, and differential pulse voltammetry was used for its testing.
Nutrients influence the thermal ecophysiology of an intertidal macroalga: multiple stressors or multiple drivers?
Authors: Colvard Nicholas , Helmuth Brian 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUrbanization of coastlines is leading to increased introduction of nutrients from the terrestrial environment to nearshore habitats. While such nutrient influxes can be detrimental to coastal marine organisms due to increased eutrophication and subsequent reduced oxygen, they could also have positive effects (i.e., increased food availability) on species that are nitrogen‐limited such as macroalgae. Nutrient enrichment in this environment thus has the potential to counteract some of the negative impacts of increasing temperatures, at least for some species. Characterizing the physiological response of organisms to simultaneous changes in multiple drivers such as these is an important first step in predicting how global climate change may lead to ecological responses at more local levels. We evaluated how nutrient enrichment (i.e., nitrogen availability) affected the growth of Fucus vesiculosus, a foundational macroalgal species in the North Atlantic rocky intertidal zone, and found that nutrient‐enriched algal blades showed a significant increase in tissue growth compared to individuals grown under ambient conditions. We further quantified net photosynthesis by ambient and nutrient‐enriched tissues at saturating irradiance over a range of temperature conditions (6–30°C). Respiration was unaffected by nutrient treatment; however, there was a significant increase in photosynthetic oxygen production for nutrient‐enriched tissue compared to ambient, but only at elevated (≥18°C) temperatures. This study contributes to a growing body of literature showing the complexity of responses to changes in multiple drivers, and highlights the importance of studying the impacts of global climate change within the context of more local environmental conditions.
The strength of the association between heterozygosity and probability of interannual local recruitment increases with environmental harshness in blue tits
Authors: Ferrer Esperanza S. , García‐Navas Vicente , Sanz Juan José , Ortego Joaquín 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe extent of inbreeding depression and the magnitude of heterozygosity–fitness correlations (HFC) have been suggested to depend on the environmental context in which they are assayed, but little evidence is available for wild populations. We combine extensive molecular and capture–mark–recapture data from a blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) population to (1) analyze the relationship between heterozygosity and probability of interannual adult local recruitment and (2) test whether environmental stress imposed by physiologically suboptimal temperatures and rainfall influence the magnitude of HFC. To address these questions, we used two different arrays of microsatellite markers: 14 loci classified as neutral and 12 loci classified as putatively functional. We found significant relationships between heterozygosity and probability of interannual local recruitment that were most likely explained by variation in genomewide heterozygosity. The strength of the association between heterozygosity and probability of interannual local recruitment was positively associated with annual accumulated precipitation. Annual mean heterozygosity increased over time, which may have resulted from an overall positive selection on heterozygosity over the course of the study period. Finally, neutral and putatively functional loci showed similar trends, but the former had stronger effect sizes and seemed to better reflect genomewide heterozygosity. Overall, our results show that HFC can be context dependent, emphasizing the need to consider the role of environmental heterogeneity as a key factor when exploring the consequences of individual genetic diversity on fitness in natural populations.
Polyoxometalate‐Mediated Lignin Oxidation for Efficient Enzymatic Production of Sugars and Generation of Electricity from Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: Zhao Xuebing , Ding Yi , Du Bo , Zhu J. Y. , Liu Dehua 
Published: November 2016

AbstractConversion of lignocellulosic biomass to various renewable fuels, chemicals, materials, and electricity has attracted more and more interest in recent decades to decrease the dependence on fossil resources and reduce net CO2 emissions. Herein, we have developed an integrated process of biomass pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose coupled with electricity generation with polyoxometalates (POMs) and ferric ion as electron mediators and proton carriers. The pretreatment is a “charging” process, and the re‐oxidation of the POMs is effectively a “discharging” process. The pretreated substrate showed a good enzymatic digestibility (≈80 % cellulose conversion) within a short incubation period (<24 h). Fe3+ was screened as a cheap, effective liquid mediator to transfer electrons to air, which is the terminal electron acceptor in the “discharging” process. The highest output power densities of 10.8 and 12.4 mW cm−2 were obtained for discharging of reduced H3PMo12O40 and H4PMo11VO40, respectively. This power density is 5000–6000 times higher than that of phenol‐fueled microbial fuel cells, and 10 times higher than that of a recently reported direct biomass fuel cell with an air cathode covered with Pt catalyst. Moreover, this work also provides a conceptual combination of a direct biomass fuel cell and a redox flow cell, which can be flexibly switched between electricity generation from biomass and stationary energy storage.
Weighted sum rate maximization in MIMO interfering broadcast channels exploiting virtual per‐user power constraints
Authors: Masoumzadeh M. , Sabahi M. F. , Forouzan A. R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the weighted sum rate (WSR) maximization problem in a partially coordinated multiple‐input multiple‐output multicell broadcast channel with constraints on base stations' transmit powers where the communication is based on dirty paper coding. To be able to obtain a computationally efficient solution for this non‐convex optimization problem, we solve it by a fast algorithm for WSR maximization under per‐user power constraints. The main idea is to define virtual per‐user power constraints that add up to the per‐base station power budgets in each cell and optimize the per‐user power constraints to maximize the WSR. We propose two computationally efficient power allocation algorithms to find the per‐user power constraints, namely, the waterfilling‐based power update and the gradient descent–based power update algorithms. In the latter one, we find a closed‐form expression for the derivative of the maximum of WSR wrt the per‐user power constraints resulting in a considerable reduction in the complexity. The resulting algorithms are computationally efficient, and our simulation results show that they achieve significantly higher bit rates than the current algorithms at the same signal‐to‐noise power ratio.
A Quasi‐experimental Approach to the Multinationality‐performance Relationship: An Application to Learning‐by‐exporting
Authors: Chang Sea‐Jin , Chung Jaiho 
Published: November 2016

Research summaryThis article introduces the propensity score matching method and the difference‐in‐differences approach as an innovative way to create a quasi‐experimental setting. By controlling for endogeneity, these methods more precisely capture the dynamic effect of strategy adoption. When used in tandem, these empirical methodologies can shed light on the multinationality‐performance relationship that has generated mixed findings to date, mainly due to methodological limitations. We compare and contrast propensity score matching and the difference‐in‐differences approach with alternative methodologies that attempt to handle endogeneity, while applying them specifically to the learning‐by‐exporting hypothesis, a classic case of the multinationality‐performance relationship. We find strong evidence that export does indeed improve firm productivity, more so when firms have higher learning opportunities.Managerial summaryFirms increasingly become multinational by pursuing international markets. However, it is not clear whether international strategy really improves firm performance, since the observed positive relationship may be driven by the fact that better performing firms pursue international strategy. This poses an important managerial issue since managers need to be certain about the causal impact of strategic choices. We compare and contrast various methodologies that help establish the causal relationship between international strategy and firm performance. Using a quasi‐experimental method, we find strong evidence that international strategy through exporting does indeed improve firm productivity based on learning from exporting activities and, further, that such learning is greater when exporting firms have higher learning opportunities. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
Institutional Complementarity and Substitution as an Internationalization Strategy: The Emergence of an African Multinational Giant
Authors: Luiz John , Stringfellow Dustin , Jefthas Anthea 
Published: November 2016

Research SummaryWe examine the internationalization decisions made by one of Africa's most successful companies, South African Breweries, as it underwent a period of aggressive expansion. We see processes of both institutional complementarity and substitution at different phases and with different motives. At first it sought countries that played to its strength, namely the knowledge of doing business in environments of institutional uncertainty, but later it pursued an institutional diversification strategy whereby it attempted to minimize its institutional risk exposure. As it became larger, its aspirations increased too, and its over‐exposure to emerging market institutional risk saw it engage in institutional substitution into advanced countries. Through this phased international process, it was able to develop its internal assets, and this enabled the moves into developed markets.Managerial summaryWe demonstrate that firms can exploit their knowledge of ‘weak’ institutional settings and turn it into a source of advantage as they internationalize into locations with similar institutional ‘weaknesses.’ Using the case of one of Africa's most successful multinational enterprises, we illustrate the value gained from initially capitalizing upon institutional complementarity (utilizing the comparative advantage linked to institutional know‐how) by exploiting the experience of the home country's environment into similar settings. Over time and through learning‐by‐doing, pressure arose to diversify the risk linked with over‐exposure to institutional uncertainty and country risk, and this was associated with the process of institutional substitution into more advanced countries. We see emerging multinational learning and building its capabilities by leveraging its understanding of its home country institutional environment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.