bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A spatially explicit estimate of the prewhaling abundance of the endangered North Atlantic right whale
Authors: Monsarrat Sophie , Pennino M. Grazia , Smith Tim D. , Reeves Randall R. , Meynard Christine N. , Kaplan David M. , Rodrigues Ana S.L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe North Atlantic right whale (NARW)(Eubalaena glacialis)is one of the world's most threatened whales. It came close to extinction after nearly a millennium of exploitation and currently persists as a population of only approximately 500 individuals. Setting appropriate conservation targets for this species requires an understanding of its historical population size, as a baseline for measuring levels of depletion and progress toward recovery. This is made difficult by the scarcity of records over this species’ long whaling history. We sought to estimate the preexploitation population size of the North Atlantic right whale and understand how this species was distributed across its range. We used a spatially explicit data set on historical catches of North Pacific right whales (NPRWs)(Eubalaena japonica)to model the relationship between right whale relative density and the environment during the summer feeding season. Assuming the 2 right whale species select similar environments, we projected this model to the North Atlantic to predict how the relative abundance of NARWs varied across their range. We calibrated these relative abundances with estimates of the NPRW total prewhaling population size to obtain high and low estimates for the overall NARW population size prior to exploitation. The model predicted 9,075–21,328 right whales in the North Atlantic. The current NARW population is thus <6% of the historical North Atlantic carrying capacity and has enormous potential for recovery. According to the model, in June–September NARWs concentrated in 2 main feeding areas: east of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland and in the Norwegian Sea. These 2 areas may become important in the future as feeding grounds and may already be used more regularly by this endangered species than is thought.
α‐fetoprotein levels after interferon therapy predict regression of liver fibrosis in patients with sustained virological response
Authors: Tachi Yoshihiko , Hirai Takanori , Ishizu Youji , Honda Takashi , Kuzuya Teiji , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Ishigami Masatoshi , Goto Hidemi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground and Aims:Eradicating chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection improves liver fibrosis and reduces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence in chronic HCV patients. We evaluated the relationship between fibrosis regression, as assessed by sequential biopsies, and clinical factors of patients with sustained virological response (SVR).Methods:We retrospectively enrolled 130 patients (74 men; 60.1 ± 8.1 years) with chronic HCV treated with interferon and ribavirin therapy who achieved SVR. To evaluate the change in fibrosis stage over time, all patients underwent a pre‐therapy initial biopsy and a second biopsy after achieving SVR.Results:The mean time between biopsies was 5.5 ± 1.2 years. Fibrosis stage regressed in 55 patients (42.3%), remained stable in 69 (53.1%), and progressed in 6 (4.6%). The mean fibrosis stage significantly decreased, from 2.01 ± 0.99 units to 1.61 ± 1.24 units (P < 0.001). Aspartate aminotransferase, γ‐glutamyltransferase, and α‐fetoprotein (AFP) levels at 24 weeks after the end of treatment (EOT) were significantly lower, and the platelet count at 24 weeks after the EOT was significantly higher in patients with fibrosis regression than in those without. Logistic regression analysis confirmed that lower AFP levels (< 5.4 ng/mL) at 24 weeks after the EOT (odds ratio [OR], 4.626; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.557–13.153; P = 0.006) and HCV genotype 2 (OR, 2.198; 95% CI, 1.010–4.786; P = 0.047) were significant independent predictive factors for regressed fibrosis after SVR.Conclusions:Lower post‐treatment AFP levels and HCV genotype 2 significantly correlated with liver fibrosis regression after SVR.
Enhancing the Adoption of Life Cycle Assessment by Small and Medium Enterprises Grouped in an Industrial Cluster: A Case Study of the Tanning Cluster in Tuscany (Italy)
Authors: Daddi Tiberio , Nucci Benedetta , Iraldo Fabio , Testa Francesco 
Published: December 2015

SummaryGreenhouse gas emissions from small and medium enterprises (SMEs) account for 70% of the industrial pollution in the European Union. Owing to limited economic and human resources, only a few SMEs start procedures to evaluate the environmental impact of processes and products through life cycle assessment (LCA). In this work, a cluster life cycle assessment (Cluster‐LCA) is proposed as an instrument for the diffusion and realization of LCA analysis in clustered SMEs. This methodology is illustrated with a case study in the tanning cluster in Tuscany. The different characteristics of the methodology are analyzed by identifying the intrinsic strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The application of this methodology in a particular cluster is then discussed in order to gather some helpful insight for the application of this methodology in different clusters.
Predictable Outcomes with Porcelain Laminate Veneers: A Clinical Report
Authors: Pimentel Welson , Teixeira Marcelo Lucchesi , Costa Priscila Paganini , Jorge Mônica Zacharias , Tiossi Rodrigo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis clinical report describes how to achieve predictable outcomes for anterior teeth esthetic restorations with porcelain laminate veneers by associating the digital planning and design of the restoration with interim restorations. The previous digital smile design of the restoration eliminates the communication barrier with the patient and assists the clinician throughout patient treatment. Interim restorations (diagnostic mock‐ups) further enhance communication with the patient and prevent unnecessary tooth reduction for conservative tooth preparation. Adequate communication between patient and clinician contributes to successful definitive restorations and patient satisfaction with the final esthetic outcome.
Maternal C‐Reactive Protein Concentration in Early Pregnancy and Child Autistic Traits in the General Population
Authors: Koks Natasja , Ghassabian Akhgar , Greaves‐Lord Kirstin , Hofman Albert , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Verhulst Frank C. , Tiemeier Henning 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundExposure to elevated levels of inflammatory markers during pregnancy has been suggested as possible aetiologic factor in the occurrence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we investigated the prospective relation between maternal C‐reactive protein (CRP) during early pregnancy and children's autistic traits in the general population.MethodsIn a large population‐based cohort in the Netherlands, we measured maternal CRP levels before 18 weeks of gestation (N = 4165). Parents reported on their children's autistic traits at age 6 years using the Social Responsiveness Scale, and the Pervasive Developmental Problem scale. Regression models were used to examine the relation between maternal CRP levels and autistic traits in children.ResultsCompared with the reference group (CRP < 2.3 mg/L), elevated levels of CRP (>7.8 mg/L) in pregnant women were associated with higher Social Responsiveness Scale scores in children [β = 0.055, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.033, 0.078]; however, the effect was strongly attenuated after adjustment for several socioeconomic factors and in particular by maternal health‐related factors including body mass index (fully adjusted model β = 0.018, 95% CI −0.005, 0.042). We found no relation between maternal CRP levels and pervasive developmental problem.ConclusionsOur results suggest that the association between elevated levels of maternal CRP in pregnancy and autistic traits in children is confounded by maternal health‐related and socioeconomic factors. Further studies are needed to explore whether other maternal inflammatory markers during pregnancy, as a response to maternal inflammation, are associated with the development of autistic traits in the offspring.
The Role of Hope in Preventive Interventions
Authors: Kwon Paul , Birrueta Maira , Faust Emily , Brown Emilia R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPreventive interventions have historically focused on reducing risk factors for psychological difficulties. Recent research has found that prevention programs are more effective when they enhance strengths, rather than merely reduce risk factors. An increased focus on strengths is consistent with a positive psychology perspective. In fact, hope has been found to be a central human strength in the positive psychology literature. Hope is associated with better adjustment, lower anxiety, lower depression, greater academic performance, and greater athletic achievement. In addition, individuals with high hope are able to respond more adaptively after traumatic events and physical illnesses. Intervention studies have shown that hope can be increased in individuals, and hope has been shown to predict more positive outcomes in psychotherapy. Future directions for research are outlined, including investigating hope as a preventive intervention for members of stigmatized groups, including ethnic minorities and lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals.
Local flow regulation and irrigation raise global human water consumption and footprint
Authors: Jaramillo Fernando , Destouni Georgia 
Published: December 2015

Local decisions with global consequences
Some estimates suggest that humanity has already exceeded our sustainable global water footprint: the balance between fresh water use and supply. It seems that the situation may be more unsustainable than we realize. Jaramillo and Destouni analyzed hydroclimatic data for 100 large basins dating back to 1901. Better accounting of local water use revealed larger than anticipated effects on the global water cycle. For example, local regulation of surface water flow and expanded regional irrigation activities have increased global evapotranspiration rates.

Science
, this issue p. 1248
Improving documentation within the acute stroke unit: Introducing a stroke specific clerking proforma
Authors: Patel Sungeen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Royal College of Physicians outline the guidelines for acute stroke management, they highlight the importance of early identification to enable prompt and effective treatment. The first contact that a clinician has with a patient is usually at the point of clerking. The information obtained and impression formed are the key factors which determine the management plan. The documentation of the information gleaned is subsequently used by all of the medical team to determine the sequence of events from admission. It is crucial in determining any progression of symptoms, of particular importance in this group of patients in whom this can signify potentially fatal consequences. The quality of clerkings of patients admitted to the acute stroke unit in the Royal Devon and Exeter hospital was analysed and subjective data was obtained from the junior doctors involved in this process to determine how well these were being completed. Baseline measurements showed that junior doctors lacked confidence in this process and the initial audit demonstrated that only half of the recommended categories were being completed. To address this issue a stroke specific admission proforma was made and piloted on the ward. Following this, a re-audit was completed which showed a significant improvement in the quality of clerkings produced.
Unravelling the along-strike variability of the Angola–Gabon rifted margin: a mapping approach
Authors: Péron-Pinvidic Gwenn , Manatschal Gianreto , Masini Emmanuel , Sutra Emilie , Flament Jean Marie , Haupert Isabelle , Unternehr Patrick 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We summarize here observations from the South Atlantic Angola–Gabon rifted margin. Our study was based on the interpretation of a selection of deep penetration depth-migrated seismic reflection profiles. We describe here the large-scale dip architecture of the margin under five structural domains (proximal, necking, distal, outer and oceanic) and list their characteristics. We investigated the necking domain further and discuss the architecture of the distal domain as a combination of hyper-extended crust and possible exhumed mantle. The mapping and characterization of these domains, at the margin-scale, allow us to illustrate the along-strike structural and stratigraphic variability of the margin. We interpret this variability as the result of a shift from an upper plate setting to a lower plate setting. This shift is either sharp, typified by a major regional normal fault on the northern flank of a residual hanging-wall block, identified offshore Cabinda–Zaire, or more diffuse to the south. First-order screening of conjugate profiles confirmed the segmentation and structural characteristics of the transfer zones. The dataset studied also allowed the identification of key sections that can be considered as type examples of upper plate and lower plate margins and which allow us to discuss the characteristics of these end-member settings.
TGFβ Treatment Enhances Glioblastoma Virotherapy by Inhibiting the Innate Immune Response
Authors: Han Jianfeng , Chen Xilin , Chu Jianhong , Xu Bo , Meisen Walter H. , Chen Lichao , Zhang Lingling , Zhang Jianying , He Xiaoming , Wang Qi-En , Chiocca E. Antonio , Kaur Balveen , Caligiuri Michael A. , Yu Jianhua 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Oncolytic viruses, including oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV), have produced provocative therapeutic responses in patients with glioblastoma, the most aggressive brain tumor. Paradoxically, innate immune responses mediated by natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages/microglia appear to limit oHSV efficacy. Therefore, we investigated whether pretreatment with an immunosuppressive cytokine, TGFβ, might reverse these effects and thereby potentiate oHSV efficacy. TGFβ treatment of NK cells rendered them less cytolytic against oHSV-infected glioblastoma cells and stem-like cells in vitro. Furthermore, TGFβ treatment of NK cells, macrophages, or microglia increased viral titers of oHSV in cocultures with glioblastoma cells. In a syngeneic mouse model of glioblastoma, administering TGFβ prior to oHSV injection inhibited intracranial infiltration and activation of NK cells and macrophages. Notably, a single administration of TGFβ prior to oHSV therapy was sufficient to phenocopy NK-cell depletion and suppress tumor growth and prolong survival in both xenograft and syngeneic models of glioblastoma. Collectively, our findings show how administering a single dose of TGFβ prior to oncolytic virus treatment of glioblastoma can transiently inhibit innate immune cells that limit efficacy, thereby improving therapeutic responses and survival outcomes. Cancer Res; 75(24); 5273–82. ©2015 AACR.
Increased Risk of Developing Breast Cancer after a False-Positive Screening Mammogram
Authors: Henderson Louise M. , Hubbard Rebecca A. , Sprague Brian L. , Zhu Weiwei , Kerlikowske Karla 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background: Women with a history of a false-positive mammogram result may be at increased risk of developing subsequent breast cancer.
Methods: Using 1994 to 2009 Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium data, we included women ages 40 to 74 years with a screening mammogram that resulted in a false-positive with recommendation for additional imaging, false-positive with recommendation for biopsy, or true-negative with no cancer within one year following the examination. We used partly conditional Cox proportional hazards survival models to assess the association between a false-positive mammogram result and subsequent breast cancer, adjusting for potential confounders. Adjusted survival curves stratified by breast density and false-positive result were used to evaluate changes in risk over time.
Results: During 12,022,560 person-years of follow-up, 48,735 cancers were diagnosed. Compared with women with a true-negative examination, women with a false-positive with additional imaging recommendation had increased risk of developing breast cancer [adjusted HR (aHR) = 1.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35–1.44] as did women with a false-positive with a biopsy recommendation (aHR = 1.76; 95% CI,1.65–1.88). Results stratifying by breast density were similar to overall results except among women with almost entirely fatty breasts in which aHRs were similar for both the false-positive groups. Women with a false-positive result had persistently increased risk of developing breast cancer 10 years after the false-positive examination.
Conclusion/Impact: Women with a history of a false-positive screening mammogram or biopsy recommendation were at increased risk of developing breast cancer for at least a decade, suggesting that prior false-positive screening may be useful in risk prediction models. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(12); 1882–9. ©2015 AACR.
Toward Personalized Lymphoma Immunotherapy: Identification of Common Driver Mutations Recognized by Patient CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Nielsen Julie S. , Sedgwick Colin G. , Shahid Aniqa , Zong Zusheng , Brumme Zabrina L. , Yu Stephen , Liu Lewis , Kroeger David R. , Treon Steven P. , Connors Joseph M. , Gascoyne Randy D. , Berry Brian R. , Marra Marco A. , Morin Ryan D. , Macpherson Nicol , Nelson Brad H. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Purpose: A fundamental challenge in the era of next-generation sequencing (NGS) is to design effective treatments tailored to the mutational profiles of tumors. Many newly discovered cancer mutations are difficult to target pharmacologically; however, T-cell–based therapies may provide a valuable alternative owing to the exquisite sensitivity and specificity of antigen recognition. To explore this concept, we assessed the immunogenicity of a panel of genes that are common sites of driver mutations in follicular lymphoma, an immunologically sensitive yet currently incurable disease.
Experimental Design: Exon capture and NGS were used to interrogate tumor samples from 53 patients with follicular lymphoma for mutations in 10 frequently mutated genes. For 13 patients, predicted mutant peptides and proteins were evaluated for recognition by autologous peripheral blood T cells after in vitro priming.
Results: Mutations were identified in 1–5 genes in 81% (43/53) of tumor samples. Autologous, mutation-specific CD8+ T cells were identified in 23% (3/13) of evaluated cases. T-cell responses were directed toward putative driver mutations in CREBBP and MEF2B. Responding T cells showed exquisite specificity for mutant versus wild-type proteins and recognized lymphoma cells expressing the appropriate mutations. Responding T cells appeared to be from the naïve repertoire, as they were found at low frequencies and only at single time points in each patient.
Conclusions: Patients with follicular lymphoma harbor rare yet functionally competent CD8+ T cells specific for recurrent mutations. Our results support the concept of using NGS to design individualized immunotherapies targeting common driver mutations in follicular lymphoma and other malignancies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(9); 2226–36. ©2015 AACR.
Novel MYBL1 Gene Rearrangements with Recurrent MYBL1–NFIB Fusions in Salivary Adenoid Cystic Carcinomas Lacking t(6;9) Translocations
Authors: Mitani Yoshitsugu , Liu Bin , Rao Pulivarthi H. , Borra Vishnupriya J. , Zafereo Mark , Weber Randal S. , Kies Merrill , Lozano Guillermina , Futreal P. Andrew , Caulin Carlos , El-Naggar Adel K. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Purpose: Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an indolent salivary gland malignancy, characterized by t(6;9) translocations and MYB–NFIB gene fusions in approximately 50% of the tumors. The genetic alterations underlying t(6;9)-negative and t(6;9)-positive/MYB–NFIB fusion–negative ACC remain unknown. To uncover the genetic alterations in ACC lacking the canonical translocation and fusion transcript and identify new abnormalities in translocation positive tumors.
Experimental Design: We performed whole-genome sequencing in 21 salivary ACCs and conducted targeted molecular analyses in a validation set (81 patients). Microarray gene-expression data were also analyzed to explore the biologic differences between fusion positive and negative tumors.
Results: We identified a novel MYBL1–NFIB gene fusion as a result of t(8;9) translocation and multiple rearrangements in the MYBL1 gene in 35% of the t(6;9)-negative ACCs. All MYBL1 alterations involved deletion of the C-terminal negative regulatory domain and were associated with high MYBL1 expression. Reciprocal MYB and MYBL1 expression was consistently found in ACCs. In addition, 5′-NFIB fusions that did not involve MYB/MYBL1 genes were identified in a subset of t(6;9)-positive/fusion-negative tumors. We also delineated distinct gene-expression profiles in ACCs associated with the length of the MYB or MYBL1 fusions, suggesting a biologic importance of the C-terminal part of these fusions.
Conclusions: Our study defines new molecular subclasses of ACC characterized by MYBL1 rearrangements and 5′-NFIB gene fusions. Clin Cancer Res; 22(3); 725–33. ©2015 AACR.
Recurrent Fusions in MYB and MYBL1 Define a Common, Transcription Factor–Driven Oncogenic Pathway in Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
Authors: Brayer Kathryn J. , Frerich Candace A. , Kang Huining , Ness Scott A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), the second most common malignancy of salivary glands, is a rare tumor with a bleak prognosis for which therapeutic targets are unavailable. We used RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to analyze low-quality RNA from archival, formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples. In addition to detecting the most common ACC translocation, t(6;9) fusing the MYB proto-oncogene to NFIB, we also detected previously unknown t(8;9) and t(8;14) translocations fusing the MYBL1 gene to the NFIB and RAD51B genes, respectively. RNA-seq provided information about gene fusions, alternative RNA splicing, and gene expression signatures. Interestingly, tumors with MYB and MYBL1 translocations displayed similar gene expression profiles, and the combined MYB and MYBL1 expression correlated with outcome, suggesting that the related MYB proteins are interchangeable oncogenic drivers in ACC. Our results provide important details about the biology of ACC and illustrate how archival tissue samples can be used for detailed molecular analyses of rare tumors.
Significance: Using RNA-seq to perform whole-transcriptome analysis of archival ACC tumor samples, we identified novel, recurrent gene fusions, detected alternative RNA splicing, and established gene expression signatures that provide detailed information about the biology of ACC tumors. Cancer Discov; 6(2); 176–87. ©2015 AACR.
See related commentary by Gonda and Ramsay, p. 125.
This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 109
Telephone Transmission and Earwitnesses: Performance on Voice Parades Controlled for Voice Similarity
Authors: McDougall Kirsty , Nolan Francis , Hudson Toby 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The effect of telephone transmission on a listener's ability to recognise a speaker in a voice parade is investigated. A hundred listeners (25 per condition) heard 1 of 5 ‘target' voices, then returned a week later for a voice parade. The 4 conditions were: target exposure and parade both at studio quality; exposure and parade both at telephone quality; studio exposure with telephone parade, and vice versa. Fewer correct identifications followed from telephone exposure and parade (64%) than from studio exposure and parade (76%). Fewer still resulted for studio exposure/telephone parade (60%) and, dramatically, only 32% for telephone exposure/studio parade. Certain speakers were identified more readily than others across all conditions. Confidence ratings reflected this effect of speaker, but not the effect of exposure/parade condition.