bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compassion Fatigue in Pediatric Emergency Department Staff
Authors: Nilan Laura M. , Patel Lina , Moffatt Mary E. , Linebarger Jennifer S. , Sherman Ashley K. , Randell Kimberly A. 
Published: August 2017

Introduction
Compassion fatigue, a product of burnout (BO), secondary traumatic stress (STS), and compassion satisfaction (CS), is reduced capacity and interest in being empathetic for suffering individuals. Our objective was to determine prevalence of compassion fatigue in the pediatric emergency department.

Methods
We administered the Professional Quality of Life instrument, including BO, STS, and CS scales, to a convenience sample of pediatric emergency department staff (physicians, nurses, technicians, social workers, child life specialists). We categorized participants as having BO (high BO, low CS, moderate-low STS scores), STS (high STS, moderate-low BO, low CS), compassion fatigue (high STS and BO, low CS), and high-risk fatigue (high STS, moderate-low BO, low CS) and low risk (moderate-high CS, moderate-low BO, low STS) of compassion fatigue.

Results
One hundred seventy-seven staff (50% response rate) participated. The majority were white (90%) and female (88%), with participation highest among physicians (97%). Twenty-six percent had low CS scores, 26% had high BO scores, and 20% had high STS scores. Five percent met criteria for categorization as compassion fatigue, 24% for BO, and 24% for low risk of compassion fatigue. Current personal stress was associated with higher BO scores (P = 0.008) and secondary categorization as BO (P = 0.05). Recent work stress was associated with high STS scores (P = 0.03).

Discussion
Five percent of participants met criteria for compassion fatigue; a significant proportion had BO, STS, or CS scores, placing them at risk of compassion fatigue. Future studies should explore factors contributing to and interventions to minimize compassion fatigue.
Procalcitonin Levels in Critically Ill Children With Status Asthmaticus
Authors: Samraj Ravi S. , Crotty Eric J. , Wheeler Derek S. 
Published: August 2017

Background
Children with status asthmaticus (SA) often present with fever and are evaluated with chest radiographs (CXRs). In the absence of a confirmatory test for bacterial infection, antibiotics are started whenever there are radiological infiltrates or if there is a suspicion of pneumonia. We undertook this study to determine if serum procalcitonin (PCT) levels at admission are altered in critically ill children with SA. We also sought to determine if serum PCT levels are elevated in children with radiological infiltrates or in children who were treated with antibiotics.

Methods
This is a prospective single-center observational study evaluating serum PCT levels in critically ill children with SA. Study subjects included children 1 to 21 years old, admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with SA between March 2012 and April 2013. For the purposes of this study, patients whose CXRs were read by the radiologist as probable bacterial pneumonia was defined as having “radiological bacterial pneumonia,” whereas patients who received antibiotics by the treating physician were defined as having “clinician-diagnosed pneumonia.”

Results
Sixty-one patients with a median age of 7.3 years (interquartile range, 4–10 years) were included in the study. Fifty-one percent were male. Average Pediatric Risk of Mortality III score was 2.7 (SD, 2.9). Three patients (5%) were determined to have radiological bacterial pneumonia, whereas 52 (85%) did not. Six patients (10%) were indeterminate. The mean PCT level for all patients was 0.65 (SD, 1.54) ng/mL, whereas the median PCT level was 0.3 ng/mL. There was no significant difference in the mean PCT levels between the patients with and without clinician-diagnosed pneumonia (0.33 [SD, 0.36] vs 0.69 [SD, 1.67], P = 0.44). Using a PCT cutoff level of 0.5 ng/mL, a significant association was found with the presence of fever (P = 0.004), but no significant association was found with the presence of CXR infiltrates, radiological bacterial pneumonia, hospital length of stay, PICU length of stay, Pediatric Risk of Mortality III scores, or receipt of antibiotics.

Conclusions
Serum PCT level was not elevated to greater than 0.5 ng/mL in 75% of this cohort of critically ill children with SA admitted to PICU. Presence of CXR infiltrates was not associated with higher PCT levels. Large clinical trials are needed to study the diagnostic and predictive role of PCT in this patient population.
A Content Analysis of Nonprofit Hospital Community Health Needs Assessments and Community Benefit Implementation Strategies in Philadelphia
Authors: Powell Rhea E. , Doty Amanda M. B. , Rising Kristin L. , Karp David N. , Baehr Avi , Carr Brendan G. 
Published: August 2017

Context:
Nonprofit hospitals are mandated to perform a community health needs assessment, develop an implementation strategy to address community needs, and invest in improving community health through community benefit investments in order to maintain the tax exemptions afforded nonprofit hospitals.

Objective:
We sought to describe the regional health needs identified across community health needs assessments and the portfolio of implementation strategies reported to address those needs.

Design:
The study provides a content analysis of community health needs assessments and implementation strategies for nonprofit hospitals in one urban region.

Setting:
The study focused on nonprofit hospitals in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Main Outcome Measures:
Community benefit documents were coded to characterize health needs and intervention activities using the 4 health factor categories of the County Health Rankings framework: clinical care, health behaviors, social and economic factors, and physical environment.

Results:
Hospitals predominantly identified health needs related to access to care, especially mental health and dental care, and insurance coverage and costs of care. In many instances, there is little alignment between needs identified through the community health needs assessments and the reported implementation strategies. Specifically, dental care, behavioral health, substance abuse, social factors, and health care and prescription drug costs were all cited as important community needs but were infrequently targeted by implementation strategies.

Conclusions:
Nonprofit hospital community health needs assessments in Philadelphia predominantly identify needs related to access to care and to some extent health behaviors. There is incomplete alignment between the needs identified in hospital assessments and the needs targeted in implementation strategies, underscoring a need for regional coordination in community benefit investments. Improved regional coordination between hospitals serving the region may offer the opportunity to eliminate duplicative efforts and increase the amount of funds available to address unmet needs.
Elevating Oral Health Interprofessional Practice Among Pediatricians Through a Statewide Quality Improvement Learning Collaborative
Authors: Nelson Joni D. , Spencer Sharon M. , Blake Christine E. , Moore Justin B. , Martin Amy B. 
Published: August 2017

Context:
Because of persistent effects of early childhood caries and impacts of dental health professional shortages areas, the integration of oral health in primary care settings is a public health priority. In this study, we explored oral health interprofessional practice (OHIP) as an integrative pathway to reduce oral health disparities. OHIP can include performing oral health risk assessments, describing the importance of fluoride in the drinking water, implementing fluoride varnish application, and referring patients to a dental home.

Objective:
To conduct a formative evaluation of how 15 pediatric primary care practices implemented the adoption of OHIP in their clinical settings.

Design:
Using an ecological framework, we conducted a qualitative process evaluation to measure the factors that inhibited and facilitated OHIP adoption into pediatric settings. Document review analysis and qualitative interviews were conducted with pediatric practices to contextualize challenges and facilitators to OHIP adoption.

Setting and Participants:
A total of 15 Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act pediatric practices located in 13 South Carolina counties participated in this study.

Main Outcome Measures:
Outcomes of interest were the facilitators and challenges of OHIP adoption into pediatric primary care practices.

Results:
Thematic analysis revealed challenges for OHIP adoption including limited resources and capacity, role delineation for clinical and administrative staff, communication, and family receptiveness. OHIP training for clinical practitioners and staff and responsiveness from clinical staff and local dentists were facilitators of OHIP adoption. Twelve key recommendations emerged on the basis of participant experiences within OHIP, with developing an active dental referral network and encouraging buy-in from clinical staff for OHIP adoption as primary recommendations.

Conclusion:
We demonstrated the effectiveness of a learning collaborative meeting among pediatric primary care providers to adopt OHIPs. This work reveals an actionable pathway to support oral health equity advancement for children through an additional access point of preventive oral care, reinforcement of positive oral health behaviors, and interaction between parent and child for overall health and wellness of the family.
Safety and Effectiveness of 177Lu-DOTATATE Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy After Regional Hepatic Embolization in Patients With Somatostatin-Expressing Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Hamiditabar Mohammadali , Ali Muzammil , Bolek Luke , Vahdati Gelareh , Tworowska Izabela , Delpassand Ebrahim S. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with 177Lu-DOTATATE is shown to be an effective therapeutic option for somatostatin-expressing neuroendocrine neoplasms. Some concerns are raised over safety of this modality in patients with a history of regional chemoembolization and radionuclide hepatic embolization (CRHE) and is cause of reluctance among some physicians for suggesting 177Lu-DOTATATE in this patient population.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 143 patients with somatostatin-expressing neuroendocrine tumors who underwent 177Lu-DOTATATE PRRT. Statistical analysis was performed on effect of 177Lu-DOTATATE in patients with and without prior CRHE using resampling procedures and correlation coefficient (r).

Results
Proportion of toxicity in patients with and without CRHE was comparable (P = 0.246). No statistically significant correlation (r) found between any toxicity and prior CRHE (r = −0.3 to −0.03) or time elapsed between embolization and the first cycle of PRRT (r = −0.59 to 0.17). Following PRRT, 76.5% of patients with CRHE experienced benefit (partial response + stable disease), whereas 23.4% experienced progressive disease. Patients with CRHE showed more stable disease (P = 0.048) and less progressive disease (P = 0.046) following PRRT compared with no CRHE. The CRHE and no-CRHE status shared same probability for developing partial response/complete response following PRRT (P = 0.50).

Conclusions
Treatment with 177Lu-DOTATATE did not show clinically or statistically significant toxicity in CRHE patients regardless of frequency of embolization or time interval between embolization and first PRRT. Results suggested a statistically significant higher response rate in patients with a history of CRHE. A prior history of CRHE is not a contraindication to subsequent PRRT.
Does red eye fluorescence in marine fish stand out?In situandin vivomeasurements at two depths
Authors: Harant U. K. , Wehrberger F. , Griessler T. , Meadows M. G. , Champ C. M. , Michiels N. K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSince the discovery of red fluorescence in fish, much effort has been made to elucidate its potential contribution to vision. However, whatever that function might be, it always implies that the combination of red fluorescence and reflectance of the red iris is sufficient to generate a visual contrast. Here, we presentin vivoiris radiance measurements ofT. delaisiunder natural light fields at 5 and 20 m depth. We also took substrate radiance measurements of shaded and exposed foraging sites at those depths. To assess the visual contrast that can be generated by the red iris, we then calculated iris brightness in the 600-650 nm “red” waveband relative to substrate radiance. At 20 m depth,T. delaisiiris radiance substantially exceeded substrate radiance in the red waveband, regardless of exposure, and despite substrate fluorescence. Given that downwelling light in the 600-650 nm range is negligible at this depth, we can attribute this effect to iris fluorescence. As expected, contrasts were much weaker in 5 m – despite the added contribution of iris reflectance, but we identified specific substrates and conditions under which the pooled radiance caused by red reflectance and fluorescence still exceeded substrate radiance in the same waveband. Due to the negative effect of anesthesia on iris fluorescence these estimates are conservative. We conclude that the requirements to create visual brightness contrasts are fulfilled for a wide range of conditions in the natural environment ofT. delaisi.
Issues in the statistical detection of data fabrication and data errors in the scientific literature: simulation study and reanalysis of Carlisle, 2017
Authors: Piraino Scott W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe detection of fabrication or error within the scientific literature is an important and underappreciated problem. Retraction of scientific articles is rare, but retraction may also be conservative, leaving open the possiblity that many fabricated or erroneous findings remain in the literature as a result of lack of scrutiny. A recently statistical analysis of randomized controlled trials [1] has suggested that the reported statistics form these trials deviate substantially from expectation under truely random assignment, raising the possiblity of fraud or error. It has also been proposed that the method used could be implemented to prospectively screen research, for example by applying the method prior to publication.Methods and FindingsTo assess the properties of the method proposed in [1], I carry out both theoretical and empirical evaluations of the method. Simulations suggest that the method is sensitive to assumptions that could reasonably be violated in real randomized controlled trials. This suggests that deviation for expectation under this method can not be used to measure the extent of fraud or error within the literature, and raises questions about the utlity of the method for propsective screening. Empirically analysis of the results of the method on a large set of randomized trials suggests that important assumptions may plausibly be violated within this sample. Using retraction as a proxy for fraud or serious error, I show that the method faces serious challenges in terms of precision and sensitivity for the purposes of screening, and that the performance of the method as a screening tool may vary across journals and classes of retractions.ConclusionsThe results in [1] should not be interpreted as indicating large amount of fraud or error within the literature. The use of this method for screening of the literature should be undertaken with great caution, and should recognize critical challenges in interpreting the results of this method.
Genome-wide association study of habitual physical activity in over 277,000 UK Biobank participants identifies multiple variants includingCADM2andAPOE
Authors: Klimentidis Yann C. , Raichlen David A. , Bea Jennifer , Garcia David O. , Mandarino Lawrence J. , Alexander Gene E. , Chen Zhao , Going Scott B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesPhysical activity (PA) protects against a wide range of diseases. Engagement in habitual PA has been shown to be heritable, motivating the search for specific genetic variants that may ultimately inform efforts to promote PA and target the best type of PA for each individual.Subjects/MethodsWe used data from the UK Biobank to perform the largest genome-wide association study of PA to date, using three measures based on self-report (n=277,656) and two measures based on wrist-worn accelerometry data (n=67,808). We examined genetic correlations of PA with other traits and diseases, as well as tissue-specific gene expression patterns. With data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC; n=8,556) study, we performed a meta-analysis of our top hits for moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA).ResultsWe identified 26 genome-wide loci across the five PA measures examined. Upon meta-analysis of the top hits for MVPA with results from the ARIC study, 8 of 10 remained significant at p<5×10−8. Interestingly, among these, the rs429358 variant in theAPOEgene was the most strongly associated with MVPA. Variants inCADM2, a gene recently implicated in risk-taking behavior and other personality and cognitive traits, were found to be associated with regular engagement in strenuous sports or other exercises. We also identified thirteen loci consistently associated (p<0.005) with each of the five PA measures. We find genetic correlations of PA with educational attainment traits, chronotype, psychiatric traits, and obesity-related traits. Tissue enrichment analyses implicate the brain and pituitary gland as locations where PA-associated loci may exert their actions.ConclusionsThese results provide new insight into the genetic basis of habitual PA, and the genetic links connecting PA with other traits and diseases.
Microscopic Dissipative Structuring at the Origin of Life
Authors: Michaelian Karo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFundamental molecules of life are suggested to be formed, proliferated, and evolved through microscopic dissipative structuring and autocatalytic replication under the UV-C solar spectrum prevalent at Earth’s surface throughout the Archean. Evidence is given in the numerous salient characteristics of these, including their strong absorption in this spectral region, their rapid non-radiative decay through an inherent conical intersection, UV-C activation (phos-phorylation) of nucleotides, and UV-C induced denaturing of double helix RNA and DNA. The examples of the dissipative structuring and dissipative proliferation of the purines and of single strand DNA are given. This provides a physical-chemical foundation for understanding the origin and evolution of life.
Development of honeybee waggle dance and its differences between recruits and scouts
Authors: Ai Hiroyuki , Kobayashi Yuuki , Matake Toshiyuki , Takahashi Shinya , Hashimoto Koji , Maeda Sakashi , Tsuruta Naoyuki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe lifetime development of the waggle dance of 14 honeybees was automatically recorded just after the imaginal molt using high-definition camera modules connected with a Raspberry Pi computer and numbered radio-frequency identification tags fitted to the back of each bee. For most honeybees, waggle dance follow preceded the appearance of the first waggle dance from 1 week after the imaginal molt. The duration per trip increased just after waggle dance follow. Before the appearance of the first waggle dance, the honeybee repeatedly follows waggle dances that indicate a limited number (2–6) of food source locations. We discriminated between two types of foragers with different roles, recruits and novice scouts, by comparing the vectors indicated by the bees’ first waggle dance (sending vectors) with dances they had previously followed (received vectors). Of 14 tagged honeybees, 11 were categorized as recruits and 2 as novice scouts. For recruits (but not for novice scouts), the duration per trip increased significantly after waggle dances follow and substantially increased just before the appearance of the first waggle dance. Moreover, recruits increased the number of times they followed waggle dances indicating the same location, and their first waggle dance indicated this location. These results suggest that the differentiation of these two types of foragers is partly related to behavioral differences after waggle dance follows: whether trip is activated or not by follows a waggle dance.Summary statementBecause of technological difficulties, there are no studies comparing the development of recruit and scout waggle dances. Using miniature radio frequency identification tags, we observed and clarified these developmental processes.List of AbbreviationsANantennaRFIDradio frequency identification.
MODULARITY FACILITATES FLEXIBLE TUNING OF PLASTIC AND EVOLUTIONARY GENE EXPRESSION RESPONSES DURING EARLY DIVERGENCE
Authors: Mäkinen Hannu , Sävilammi Tiina , Papakostas Spiros , Leder Erica , Vøllestad Leif Asbjørn , Primmer Craig 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGene expression changes have been recognized as important drivers of adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Little is known about the relative roles of plastic and evolutionary responses in complex gene expression networks during the early stages of divergence. Large gene expression data sets coupled within silicomethods for identifying co-expressed modules now enable systems genetics approaches also in non-model species for better understanding of gene expression responses during early divergence. Here, we combined gene co-expression analyses with population genetics to separate plastic and population (evolutionary) effects in expression networks using small salmonid populations as a model system. We show that plastic and population effects were highly variable among the six identified modules and that the plastic effects explained larger proportion of the total eigengene expression than population effects. A more detailed analysis of the population effects using aQST-FSTcomparison across 16622 annotated transcripts revealed that gene expression followed neutral expectations within modules and at the global level. Furthermore, two modules showed enrichment for genes coding for early developmental traits that have been previously identified as important phenotypic traits in thermal responses in the same model system indicating that co-expression analysis can capture expression patterns underlying ecologically important traits. We suggest that module-specific responses may facilitate the flexible tuning of expression levels to local thermal conditions. Overall, our study indicates that plasticity and neutral evolution are the main drivers of gene expression variance in the early stages of thermal adaptation in this system.