bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advancements in Graphite Anodes for Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries: A Review
Authors: Xiong Kai , Qi Tianshuang , Zhang Xiong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAmidst the escalating global energy demand and the rapid advancement of renewable energy technologies, battery technology plays an indispensable role in energy storage. As a crucial anode material, Graphite enhances performance with significant economic and environmental benefits. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in the modification techniques for graphite materials utilized in lithium‐ion and sodium‐ion batteries. This review initially presents various modification approaches for graphite materials in lithium‐ion batteries, such as electrolyte modification, interfacial engineering, purification and morphological modification, composite modification, surface modification, and structural modification, while also addressing the applications and challenges of graphite anode materials in this context. Subsequently, it focuses on the modification methods for graphite anode materials in sodium‐ion batteries, including composite material modification, electrolyte optimization, surface modification, and structural modification, along with their respective applications and challenges. It then compares the modification strategies across different battery systems and proposes innovative modification methods and alternative materials for future graphite anode materials to further enhance their performance in batteries. Finally, the review concludes with a summary of the significance of researching graphite anode material modifications and offers perspectives on future developments.
Patient and carer feedback and engagement with ECHOMANTRA, a digital guided intervention for anorexia nervosa
Authors: Cardi Valentina , Rowlands Katie , Ambwani Suman , Macdonald Pamela , Arcelus Jon , Schmidt Ulrike , Treasure Janet 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe developed ECHOMANTRA, a digital guided intervention for patients with anorexia nervosa and their carers to provide support during transition from inpatient care to community settings. This study reports on participants' engagement with, and feedback of, ECHOMANTRA.MethodPatients and carers (N = 184 dyads) were given access to ECHOMANTRA for 12 months. The intervention included online groups, a workbook and recovery‐oriented videoclips. Satisfactory engagement was defined as attendance of a minimum of four online groups by each dyad. Participants received an Intervention Feedback Form to measure frequency of use and provide feedback of the intervention. Those who did not meet the engagement criterion were asked to complete an Obstacles to Engagement Form.Results19% of the sample reached the engagement criterion. Seventy‐six patients and 60 carers completed the Intervention Feedback Form. Of those, approximately 60% reported using at least a quarter of the workbook and videoclips. Overall, participants found the materials useful and easy to access (median = 3 on a scale 1–5). Obstacles to engagement (35 patients and 14 carers) included lack of time due to caring responsibilities, treatment, work/school commitments.ConclusionA more personalised form of support may be needed to enhance motivation and ability to change following inpatient care.
Evaluating Models of the Ageing BOLD Response
Authors: Henson R. N. , Olszowy W. , Tsvetanov K. A. , Yadav P. S. ,   Cam‐CAN, Zeidman P. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNeural activity cannot be directly observed using fMRI; rather it must be inferred from the hemodynamic responses that neural activity causes. Solving this inverse problem is made possible through the use of forward models, which generate predicted hemodynamic responses given hypothesised underlying neural activity. Commonly‐used hemodynamic models were developed to explain data from healthy young participants; however, studies of ageing and dementia are increasingly shifting the focus toward elderly populations. We evaluated the validity of a range of hemodynamic models across the healthy adult lifespan: from basis sets for the linear convolution models commonly used to analyse fMRI studies, to more advanced models including nonlinear fitting of a parameterised hemodynamic response function (HRF) and nonlinear fitting of a biophysical generative model (hemodynamic modelling, HDM). Using an exceptionally large sample of participants, and a sensorimotor task optimized for detecting the shape of the BOLD response to brief stimulation, we first characterised the effects of age on descriptive features of the response (e.g., peak amplitude and latency). We then compared these to features from more complex nonlinear models, fit to four regions of interest engaged by the task, namely left auditory cortex, bilateral visual cortex, left (contralateral) motor cortex and right (ipsilateral) motor cortex. Finally, we validated the extent to which parameter estimates from these models have predictive validity, in terms of how well they predict age in cross‐validated multiple regression. We conclude that age‐related differences in the BOLD response can be captured effectively by models with three free parameters. Furthermore, we show that biophysical models like the HDM have predictive validity comparable to more common models, while additionally providing insights into underlying mechanisms, which go beyond descriptive features like peak amplitude or latency, and include estimation of nonlinear effects. Here, the HDM revealed that most of the effects of age on the BOLD response could be explained by an increased rate of vasoactive signal decay and decreased transit rate of blood, rather than changes in neural activity per se. However, in the absence of other types of neural/hemodynamic data, unique interpretation of HDM parameters is difficult from fMRI data alone, and some brain regions in some tasks (e.g., ipsilateral motor cortex) can show responses that are more difficult to capture using current models.
Potential of constructing all‐encompassing soil–plant‐atmosphere‐continuum stations and datasets from meteorological, flux, soil moisture station networks and plant‐relevant observations
Authors: Shi Haiyang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe establishment of SPAC (soil–plant‐atmosphere continuum) stations is essential for comprehensive monitoring of land‐atmosphere interactions and ecological and hydrological processes. This paper addresses the critical limitations of existing observation networks, which often rely on single‐aspect observations, resulting in insufficient data for a holistic understanding of SPAC dynamics. Specifically, SPAC stations provide critical multi‐variable observations that enhance process‐based model calibration and physical constraints and improve the empirical basis of data‐driven models. Advanced technologies such as machine learning and remote sensing are proposed to transform current weather and soil moisture stations into quasi‐SPAC sites capable of estimating carbon and water flux data. Additionally, the strategic placement of new SPAC sites in regions projected to be sensitive to future climate change and climate risks, as indicated by models such as CMIP6, is recommended. Furthermore, promoting comprehensive observational systems like Europe's Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) in other regions, establishing a unified management framework and coordinating the upgrading of existing global observation networks are essential steps. Ultimately, the proposed enhancements will advance global ecological and hydrological studies, providing a more integrated and accurate understanding of the SPAC system and its responses to climate variability.
Drivers and Buffers of Stream Flashiness in the Mid‐Atlantic United States
Authors: Hurley Rachel , Brandes David , Kelleher Christa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFlashiness is a hydrologic signature used to describe the responsiveness of streamflow to precipitation. In practise, flashiness has most often been correlated with rainfall intensity and the presence of urban land cover or imperviousness. However, a number of watershed characteristics can influence flashiness, necessitating further investigation of how this particular watershed behaviour and its associated drivers vary at regional scales. We investigated how ten measurable watershed characteristics are empirically related to flashiness of 195 gauged streams in the Mid‐Atlantic region using linear regression analysis. The selected gauges had drainage areas ranging in size from 15 to 250 km2. To explore multiple quantifications of flashiness, we determined both the Richards‐Baker flashiness index, calculated from the continuous hydrograph, and number of peaks‐over‐threshold, for all watersheds for a 10‐year period. As found in other studies, the percentage of watershed development was strongly correlated with stream flashiness, though significant inverse relationships also existed for forest cover, water and wetlands and carbonate geology. Differences in flashiness values between rural and suburban watersheds were not significant, with a significant increase in flashiness (p < 0.01) occurring at 80% development or ~ 25% imperviousness. In addition, we found significant differences in relationships between watershed characteristics and flashiness when differentiated by physiographic regions. For the study area and each of its five physiographic sub‐regions, we identified the four most important predictors through multiple regression. The overall mid‐Atlantic model suggested that development, wetlands and compactness ratio as the most important predictors (adj R2 = 0.57). Significant predictors of stream flashiness varied among regions; however, wetlands served as a significant buffer of flashiness in four of five sub‐regions demonstrating the importance of wetlands in modulating flash‐flooding. In all physiographic regions, empirical models of flashiness values outperformed the Mid‐Atlantic regional model, underscoring the value of local landscape characteristics in augmenting or modulating flashy watershed responses. Our findings suggest the potential for improvements to operational flash‐flood forecasting using hydrologic characteristics of the landscape.
Idea of macro‐scale and micro‐scale prestressed ceramics
Authors: Gu Junfeng , Fu Shuai , Ping Hang , Ji Wei , Zou Ji , Wang Hao , Wang Weimin , Zhang Fan , Liu Hanxing , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe brittleness of ceramics restricts their engineering application. Prestressing is promising to solve the problem, yet still lacks enough attention and extensive investigation. This work proposes the idea of macro‐scale and micro‐scale prestressed ceramics: to form compressive prestress in macro‐ or micro‐scale range in the ceramics by designed additional force, which offsets the fracture stress at the crack tips, then enhances the strength of ceramics. The macro‐scale prestressed ceramic has a designed long‐range ordering stress distribution in a large scale, similar to the reinforced concrete and tempered glass. The micro‐scale ceramic has a designed short‐range ordered stress distribution, similar to that in the natural biomaterials. Strategies constructing the macro‐scale and micro‐scale prestressed ceramics are planned. Future research interests and challenges are prospected for developing the mechanical properties of ceramics.
Outcomes of pregnancies diagnosed with absent or abnormal fetal gallbladder in a tertiary center
Authors: Karataş Esra , Tanaçan Atakan , Özkavak Osman Onur , Şerbetçi Hakkı , Haksever Murat , Atalay Ayşegül , Kara Özgür , Şahin Dilek 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to investigate the ultrasonographic characteristics and outcomes of fetuses with atypical and non‐visualized fetal gallbladder in our tertiary care hospital.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on cases in which the fetal gallbladder was not visualized or exhibited atypical characteristics at our institution over a four‐year period. The patients were divided into two groups: absent gallbladder and atypical gallbladder. The groups with isolated and additional anomalies were analyzed according to their ante‐ and postnatal characteristics.ResultsThe study comprised 78 patients (37 absent, 41 atypical gallbladder). In the isolated fetal absence of gallbladder group, the gallbladder was visualized in three of 13 patients during antenatal ultrasonographic follow‐up and in half of the remaining 10 patients during postnatal follow‐up. In the postnatal period, five newborns with absent isolated gallbladder are being followed up with suspicion of biliary atresia and isolated gallbladder agenesis. In the absence of a gallbladder with an additional anomaly group, 58% of fetuses died during the intrauterine and neonatal period. Fetuses in the isolated atypical gallbladder group are being followed as healthy after birth. Pregnancies with atypical gallbladder appearance and additional anomalies resulted in 33% neonatal death, 12% intrauterine demise, and 25% termination of pregnancy.ConclusionIn instances where the fetal gallbladder is not consistently discernible, it is imperative to exercise caution with regard to the possibility of biliary atresia. In the event that the fetal gallbladder exhibits unusual characteristics, a meticulous examination for the presence of additional anomalies is recommended.
Transvaginal sonographic screening of abnormal intra‐amniotic structure around internal cervical os at 18–21+6 weeks of gestation
Authors: Hata Toshiyuki , Kawahara Tomomi , Eguchi Takeshi , Takayoshi Riko , Miyagi Yasunari , Miyake Takahito 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo detect an abnormal intra‐amniotic structure around the internal cervical os using transvaginal sonography at 18–21+6 weeks of gestation.MethodsIn this cohort study, during a 12‐month period from July 2022 to June 2023, 395 transvaginal scans were performed for second‐trimester cervical‐length screening in singleton pregnancies at 18–21+6 weeks of gestation. Nine abnormal intra‐amniotic structures (AIAS), 87 low‐lying placentas (LLP, second‐trimester placenta previa or placental margin within 2 cm from internal cervical os), and 299 controls (not LLP and no abnormal finding around internal cervical os) were diagnosed. Sonographic features of AIAS and delivery outcomes in the three groups were compared.ResultsSonographic features of nine AIAS cases were: two single bands, one single broad band, one multiple bands, one single tubular, and one multiple tubulars. Blood flow was noted in seven cases. Seven AIAS had disappeared by 26 weeks, one was resolved at 34 weeks, and one (vasa previa and parachute placenta) remained until delivery. Incidences of emergency cesarean section, abnormal placenta and umbilical cord, and abnormal deliveries in AIAS were significantly higher than those in LLP and control groups (P = 0.031). Blood losses during delivery in AIAS and LLP groups were significantly greater than in the control group (P = 0.004), but there was no significant difference in blood loss between AIAS and LLP groups.ConclusionThe incidence of AIAS around the internal cervical os in the second trimester was 2.28% (9/395 fetuses). Mid‐second‐trimester transvaginal sonographic screening for the detection of AIAS around the internal cervical os including vasa previa may be essential to reduce perinatal morbidity.
Greywater irrigation of pepper plants: Possible application and its impact on soil and plant growth
Authors: Shqerat Neveen , Al‐Tabbal Jalal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGreywater reuse may be considered a water source that can compensate for water scarcity. Reusing treated greywater on fields instead of disposing of it would be more environmentally friendly. The objective of this study was to investigate the physiological response of pepper plants to the application of both untreated and treated greywater. The greywater obtained from Al‐Huson University College was treated with zeolite filters before being used for plant irrigation in the experiments. The electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDSs) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) of greywater were all higher than those of tap water by 44%, 68% and 509%, respectively. The results demonstrated that plants irrigated with tap water and treated with greywater presented greater fruit and biological productivity than did those irrigated with untreated greywater. The use of treated greywater led to a notable 8.3% increase in overall chlorophyll levels. Irrigation of pepper plants with untreated greywater led to a 33% increase in electrolyte leakage. The plants irrigated with greywater presented the highest levels of proline and total soluble sugars. Compared with those in all the other water treatments, the plants irrigated with greywater presented significantly greater magnesium and salt concentrations. Typically, treated greywater has the most significant impact on agricultural productivity.
Effects of urea fertilizer and nettle extract on the biochemical and morphological characteristics of ornamental peppers (Capsicum frutescens L.) under deficit irrigation conditions
Authors: Gokkus M. Keten 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of nettle extract, urea fertilizer and deficit irrigation on the biochemical and morphological characteristics of ornamental peppers. The study consisted of two irrigation (I) treatments (100% irrigation (I100) and 50% irrigation (I50)) and four fertilizer treatment groups (urea fertilizer: U; nettle extract applied through soil: SN; foliar nettle extract application: LS). The highest fruit weight was obtained in the U treatment, whereas the highest plant height and plant diameter were obtained in the LS and SN treatments. The fruit weight in SN was 18% lower than that in U. Capsaicin concentrations were highest in the LS treatment (1132.8 mg kg−1) and lowest in the U treatment (286.4 mg kg−1). The ascorbic acid concentration was highest in the I treatment (84.9 mg 100 g−1) and lowest in the LS treatment (49.9 mg 100 g−1). The total phenolic compound (TPC) content was highest in the U treatment (399.7 mg GAE 100 g−1, GAE: gallic acid equivalents; the total phenolic content was expressed as gallic acid equivalents in mg·100 g−1 wet weight) and lowest in the LS treatment (304.97 mg GAE 100 g−1). As a result, nettle extract alone is insufficient to achieve high yields, but when it is applied together with urea fertilizer, it increases yield.
Photobiomodulation Enhances the Effect of Strength Training on Insulin Resistance Regardless of Exercise Volume in Mice Fed a High‐Fat Diet
Authors: Costa Juliana Sales Rodrigues , Silva Gabriela , Guimarães Isabela Carvalho , Silva Luis Filipe Rocha , Silva Saulo Soares da , Almeida João Paulo de Paula , Coimbra Cândido Celso , Parizotto Nivaldo Antonio , Gripp Fernando , Dias‐Peixoto Marco Fabrício , Esteves Elizabethe Adriana , Amorim Fabiano Trigueiro , Ferraresi Cleber , de Castro Magalhaes Flavio 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe aim was to investigate the effects of different volumes of strength training (ST) in association with photobiomodulation (PBMt) in mice fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) on insulin resistance (IR). Male Swiss albino mice were fed HFD and performed high‐ or low‐volume (one‐third) ST (3 days/week), associated with PBMt (660 nm + 850 nm; ~42 J delivered) or not (lights off). ST improved IR, lowered visceral adiposity and circulating cytokines, and increased skeletal muscle hypertrophy and mitochondrial activity. The smaller volume of ST did not interfere with the improvement in IR, mitochondrial activity, or inflammatory profile, but exerted a smaller effect on visceral adiposity and skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Association with PBMt further improved IR, regardless of ST volume, although it did not affect adiposity, mitochondrial activity, and the inflammatory profile. Interestingly, PBMt positively affected quadriceps, but attenuated gluteus maximus hypertrophy. The association with PBMt induced greater improvement than ST alone.
Photobiomodulation on Full‐Thickness Skin Graft Survival in Rats
Authors: Espósito Lara Maria Bataglia , Oliveira Maria Carolina Derencio , de Moraes Luis Henrique Oliveira , Sabadini Camila Pereira , de Godoy Krissia Franco , Oliveira Rafael Afonso Derencio , de Oliveira Duarte Ana Cláudia Garcia , de Freitas Anibal Fernanda , Rodrigues Gerson Jhonatan , Brassolatti Patricia , Liebano Richard Eloin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo evaluate the photobiomodulation effects on the receptor area for full‐thickness skin graft integration.MethodsThirty‐Six Wistar rats were divided: red laser (660 nm), infrared laser (808 nm), and control. A skin segment with 5 × 3 cm was removed. In the control, the skin was reallocated after a 180° rotation. For the 660 nm and 808 nm, the receptor area was first irradiated, and then the skin was reallocated the same as the control. Euthanasia occurred on the third and seventh days after the procedure, and macroscopical of necrosis and histological analysis were realized.ResultsThe 660 nm reached the lowest necrosis percentage on Day 7. In the 808 nm, necrosis increased between the two periods. Similar morphological findings were observed for the control and 660 nm; however, the 808 nm showed significant alterations in fibrosis and inflammatory infiltrate.ConclusionThe infrared wavelength showed inferior performance on skin graft integration compared to the control and the red wavelength.
Quantitative Evaluation of Human Lens and Lens Capsule Elasticity by Optical Coherence Elastography Based on a Rayleigh Wave Model
Authors: Shi Gang , Zhang Yubao , Wang Yidi , Ai Sizhu , Zhang Chaozhong , He Xingdao , Zheng Xinhe 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTEvaluating the biomechanical properties of the lens and lens capsule is important for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of age‐related cataracts and presbyopia. In this study, we developed an optical coherent elastography technique to assess the elasticity of the lens and lens capsule in the human eye. With age, the mean Young's modulus of the lens increased from 12.28 ± 0.87 kPa to 18.59 ± 1.45 kPa, and the lens capsule increased from 6.33 ± 0.36 kPa to 13.33 ± 0.74 kPa. The results showed that the Young's modulus of the lens capsule and lens increased with age, with the Young's modulus of the lens significantly higher than that of the lens capsule. This study reports the assessment of the elasticity of the human lens and lens capsule by the OCE technique, indicating that it may provide a potential clinical tool for advancing research on diseases affecting the lens.
HO‐1: An emerging target in fibrosis
Authors: Lu Chenxi , Liu Yuan , Ren Feifei , Zhang Haoran , Hou Yafang , Zhang Hong , Chen Zhiyong , Du Xia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFibrosis, an aberrant reparative response to tissue injury, involves a disruption in the equilibrium between the synthesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix, leading to its excessive accumulation within normal tissues, and culminating in organ dysfunction. Manifesting in the terminal stages of nearly all chronic ailments, fibrosis carries a high mortality rate and poses a significant threat to human health. Heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) emerges as an endogenous protective agent, mitigating tissue damage through its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Numerous studies have corroborated HO‐1's potential as a therapeutic target in anti‐fibrosis treatment. This review delves into the structural and functional attributes, and the upstream and downstream pathways of HO‐1. Additionally, the regulatory networks and mechanisms of HO‐1 in cells associated with fibrosis are elucidated. The role of HO‐1 in various fibrosis‐related diseases is also explored. Collectively, this comprehensive information serves as a foundation for future research and augments the viability of HO‐1 as a therapeutic target for fibrosis.