bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic costs of chronic disease through lost productive life years (PLYs) among Australians aged 45–64 years from 2015 to 2030: results from a microsimulation model
Authors: Schofield Deborah , Shrestha Rupendra N , Cunich Michelle M , Tanton Robert , Veerman Lennert , Kelly Simon J , Passey Megan E 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo project the number of older workers with lost productive life years (PLYs) due to chronic disease and resultant lost income; and lost taxes and increased welfare payments from 2015 to 2030.Design, setting and participantsUsing a microsimulation model, Health&WealthMOD2030, the costs of chronic disease in Australians aged 45–64 were projected to 2030. The model integrates household survey data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics Surveys of Disability, Ageing and Carers (SDACs) 2003 and 2009, output from long-standing microsimulation models (STINMOD (Static Incomes Model) and APPSIM (Australian Population and Policy Simulation Model)) used by various government departments, population and labour force growth data from Treasury, and disease trends data from the Australian Burden of Disease and Injury Study (2003). Respondents aged 45–64 years in the SDACs 2003 and 2009 formed the base population.Main outcome measuresLost PLYs due to chronic disease; resultant lost income, lost taxes and increased welfare payments in 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030.ResultsWe projected 380 000 (6.4%) people aged 45–64 years with lost PLYs in 2015, increasing to 462 000 (6.5%) in 2030—a 22% increase in absolute numbers. Those with lost PLYs experience the largest reduction in income than any other group in each year compared to those employed full time without a chronic disease, and this income gap widens over time. The total economic loss due to lost PLYs consisted of lost income modelled at $A12.6 billion in 2015, increasing to $A20.5 billion in 2030—a 62.7% increase. Additional costs to the government consisted of increased welfare payments at $A6.2 billion in 2015, increasing to $A7.3 billion in 2030—a 17.7% increase; and a loss of $A3.1 billion in taxes in 2015, increasing to $A4.7 billion in 2030—a growth of 51.6%.ConclusionsThere is a need for greater investment in effective preventive health interventions which improve workers’ health and work capacity.
Evaluation of ‘I-Preventive’: a digital preventive tool for musculoskeletal disorders in computer workers—a pilot cluster randomised trial
Authors: Lanhers C , Pereira B , Garde G , Maublant C , Dutheil F , Coudeyre E 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesI-Preventive is a digital preventive tool for musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in computer workers. We sought to determine its impact on pain in computer workers with upper limb MSDs and visual discomfort.MethodsWe conducted a pilot cluster randomised trial in 2 different sites of a tyre factory in France. We randomised 200 employees to either an intervention group (I-Preventive) or control group, each comprising symptomatic and asymptomatic employees. The workers were followed up for 5 months. The main outcome was overall recovery from symptoms following 1 month's intervention based on Nordic-style and eyestrain questionnaires.ResultsWe included 185/200 workers: 96 in the intervention group (mean age 41.8±1.4 years; 88.5% males) and 79 in the control group (mean age 42.9±12.0 years; 94.5% males). The most painful areas (numerical scale ≥2) were the neck (40.0%), upper back (18.8%) and shoulders (15.7%). For the most painful anatomical area, the Nordic score significantly decreased after 1 month in the intervention group (p=0.038); no change was observed in the control group (p=0.59). After 1 month's use, the intervention group reported less pain in the painful area and less visual discomfort symptoms (p=0.02). Adherence to the I-Preventive program was 60%.ConclusionsI-Preventive is effective in the short term on musculoskeletal symptoms and visual discomfort by promoting active breaks and eyestrain treatment. This easy-to-use digital tool allows each worker to focus on areas of their choice via personalised, easy exercises that can be performed in the workplace.Trial registration numberNCT02350244; Pre-results.
Bluebelle study (phase A): a mixed-methods feasibility study to inform an RCT of surgical wound dressing strategies
Authors:   The Bluebelle Study Group, the Severn and Peninsula Audit and Research Collaborative for Surgeons, and the West Midlands Research Collaborative
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesDressing primary surgical wounds is common, but the implications for surgical site infection (SSI) remain unknown. The Bluebelle study aimed to determine the feasibility of a randomised controlled trial (RCT) comparing ‘simple’, ‘complex’ or ‘no’ dressings on abdominal wounds, as prespecified in a funder's research brief. Bluebelle includes exploratory work (phase A) to inform a pilot version of the proposed RCT (phase B). Phase A aimed to investigate current dressing practices and perspectives on the proposed RCT, with a view to refining the forthcoming pilot.DesignMixed methods, including semi-structured interviews and document analysis.Setting6 UK hospitals.Participants51 patients and 92 clinical professionals from abdominal surgical specialities.ResultsProfessionals had variable interpretations of what constitutes a ‘dressing’, particularly with respect to ‘glue’—a product listed under ‘wound-closure products’ in the British National Formulary, which some surgeons reportedly applied as a ‘wound covering’. Areas of ambiguity arising from interviews informed development of pragmatic definitions, including specification of conditions under which glue constituted a ‘dressing’. Professionals reported that ‘simple’ dressings were routinely used in practice, whereas ‘complex’ dressings were not. This raised questions about the relevance of comparison groups, prompting the design of a survey to determine the types/frequency of dressing use in abdominal surgery (reported elsewhere). This confirmed that complex dressings were rarely used, while ‘glue as a dressing’ was used relatively frequently. ‘Complex dressings’ were therefore substituted for ‘glue as a dressing’ (following an updated Cochrane review, which found insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of ‘glue as a dressing’). Patients and professionals acknowledged uncertainty around dressing use and SSI prevention, but felt dressings may serve practical and/or psychological benefits. This steered development of additional outcome measures for the pilot.ConclusionsPre-trial qualitative research can highlight areas of ambiguity and inform new lines of enquiry in relation to prespecified research briefs, enabling adjustments to RCT design that enhance relevance to practice.
Cathepsin G Controls Arterial But Not Venular Myeloid Cell Recruitment
Authors: Ortega-Gomez Almudena , Salvermoser Melanie , Rossaint Jan , Pick Robert , Brauner Janine , Lemnitzer Patricia , Tilgner Jessica , de Jong Renske J. , Megens Remco T. A. , Jamasbi Janina , Döring Yvonne , Pham Christine T. , Scheiermann Christoph , Siess Wolfgang , Drechsler Maik , Weber Christian , Grommes Jochen , Zarbock Alexander , Walzog Barbara , Soehnlein Oliver 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Therapeutic targeting of arterial leukocyte recruitment in the context of atherosclerosis has been disappointing in clinical studies. Reasons for such failures include the lack of knowledge of arterial-specific recruitment patterns. Here we establish the importance of the cathepsin G (CatG) in the context of arterial myeloid cell recruitment.

Methods:

Intravital microscopy of the carotid artery, the jugular vein, and cremasteric arterioles and venules in
Apoe

–/–

and CatG-deficient mice (
Apoe

–/–

Ctsg

–/–

) was used to study site-specific myeloid cell behavior after high-fat diet feeding or tumor necrosis factor stimulation. Atherosclerosis development was assessed in aortic root sections after 4 weeks of high-fat diet, whereas lung inflammation was assessed after inhalation of lipopolysaccharide. Endothelial deposition of CatG and CCL5 was quantified in whole-mount preparations using 2-photon and confocal microscopy.

Results:
Our observations elucidated a crucial role for CatG during arterial leukocyte adhesion, an effect not found during venular adhesion. Consequently, CatG deficiency attenuates atherosclerosis but not acute lung inflammation. Mechanistically, CatG is immobilized on arterial endothelium where it activates leukocytes to firmly adhere engaging integrin clustering, a process of crucial importance to achieve effective adherence under high-shear flow. Therapeutic neutralization of CatG specifically abrogated arterial leukocyte adhesion without affecting myeloid cell adhesion in the microcirculation. Repetitive application of CatG-neutralizing antibodies permitted inhibition of atherogenesis in mice.

Conclusions:
Taken together, these findings present evidence of an arterial-specific recruitment pattern centered on CatG-instructed adhesion strengthening. The inhibition of this process could provide a novel strategy for treatment of arterial inflammation with limited side effects.
Stipa baktashevae, a new synonym of Stipa borysthenica (Poaceae)
Authors: NOBIS MARCIN , KLICHOWSKA EWELINA 
Published: September 2016

Numerical analyses of macromorphological characters of specimens of S. lessingiana, S. borysthenica and S. baktashevae, nested the last one among individuals of S. borysthenica. We propose synonymization of S. baktashevae, the species described in 2014 and known only from type material, with S. borysthenica, and provide morphological comparisons of the taxa.
The role of prostatic urethral biopsies as a staging tool for bladder cancer
Authors: Nelson Adam W , Parker Richard A , Wadhwa Karan , Colquhoun Alexandra J , Turner William H 
Published: September 2016

Objective: To determine the incidence of prostatic urethral involvement in our patient population and how prostatic urethral biopsy correlates with final cystectomy pathology. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective review of prostatic urethral biopsies (PUB) performed between February 2008 and April 2012 in a single centre. PUB pathology was correlated with cystectomy pathology. Results: PUB was undergone by 172 patients with a median age of 70 years (range: 37–84 years): There were 35 (20%) patients having a positive PUB and 137 (80%) who were negative. Of the 94 patients who underwent cystectomy, we found that when the entire prostatic urethra was sectioned, 20 (21%) patients had cancer in the prostatic urethra. Cancer was found in 17 (77%) of 22 patients with a positive PUB and in three (4%) out of the 72 with a negative PUB (positive predictive value (PPV) 77%, negative predictive value (NPV) 96%, sensitivity 85% and specificity 93%). In all 94 patients, the prostatic apical margin was negative. Conclusion: Disease in the prostatic urethra affected 20% of patients, consistent with published data. Prostatic urethral apical margins were all negative. Intra-operative frozen section would have missed cancer in the 20 patients with prostatic urethral cancer, whereas PUB identified 17 (85%) of the 20 patients. These data confirm the value of using PUB before cystectomy, in our UK population.
Lower lung function associates with cessation of menstruation: UK Biobank data
Authors: Amaral André F.S. , Strachan David P. , Gómez Real Francisco , Burney Peter G.J. , Jarvis Deborah L. 
Published: September 2016

Little is known about the effect of cessation of menstruation on lung function. The aims of the study were to examine the association of lung function with natural and surgical cessation of menstruation, and assess whether lower lung function is associated with earlier age at cessation of menstruation.The study was performed in 141 076 women from the UK Biobank, who had provided acceptable and reproducible spirometry measurements and information on menstrual status. The associations of lung function (forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), spirometric restriction (FVC < lower limit of normal (LLN)), airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC <LLN)) with cessation of menstruation and age at cessation of menstruation were assessed using regression analysis.Women who had natural cessation of menstruation showed a lower FVC (−42 mL; 95% CI −53– −30) and FEV1(−34 mL; 95% CI −43– −24) and higher risk of spirometric restriction (adjusted odds ratio 1.27; 95% CI 1.18–1.37) than women still menstruating. These associations were stronger in women who had had a hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy. The earlier the natural cessation of menstruation, the lower the lung function. There was no clear association of lung function with age at hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy. Airflow obstruction was not associated with cessation of menstruation.Lower lung function associates with cessation of menstruation, especially if it occurs early in life.
Sarcoidosis-related mortality in France: a multiple-cause-of-death analysis
Authors: Jamilloux Yvan , Maucort-Boulch Delphine , Kerever Sébastien , Gerfaud-Valentin Mathieu , Broussolle Christiane , Eb Mireille , Valeyre Dominique , Seve Pascal 
Published: September 2016

We evaluated mortality rates and underlying causes of death among French decedents with sarcoidosis from 2002 to 2011.We used data from the French Epidemiological Centre for the Medical Causes of Death to 1) calculate sarcoidosis-related mortality rates, 2) examine differences by age and gender, 3) determine underlying and nonunderlying causes of death, 4) compare with the general population (observed/expected ratios), and 5) analyse regional differences.1662 death certificates mentioning sarcoidosis were recorded. The age-standardised mortality rate was 3.6 per million population and significantly increased over the study period. The mean age at death was 70.4 years (versus76.2 years for the general population). The most common underlying cause of death was sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis decedents were more likely to be males when aged <65 years. When sarcoidosis was the underlying cause of death, the main other mentions on death certificates were chronic respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The overall observed/expected ratio was >1 for infectious disease, tuberculosis and chronic respiratory disease, and <1 for neoplasms. We observed a north–south gradient of age-standardised mortality ratio at the country level.Despite the limitation of possibly capturing the more severe cases of sarcoidosis, this study may help define and prioritise preventive interventions.
Outcome during and after anticoagulant therapy in cancer patients with incidentally found pulmonary embolism
Authors: Peris Marisa , Jiménez David , Maestre Ana , Font Carme , Tafur Alfonso J. , Mazzolai Lucia , Xifre Belén , Skride Andris , Dentali Francesco , Monreal Manuel 
Published: September 2016

Current guidelines suggest treating cancer patients with incidental pulmonary embolism comparably to patients with symptomatic pulmonary embolism.We used the Registro Informatizado de Enfermedad TromboEmbólica (RIETE) registry to compare the rate of major bleeding and symptomatic pulmonary embolism during the course of anticoagulation and after its discontinuation in cancer patients with incidental pulmonary embolism.As of March 2016, 715 cancer patients with incidental pulmonary embolism had been enrolled in RIETE. During the course of anticoagulant therapy (mean 235 days), the rate of major bleeding was higher than the rate of symptomatic pulmonary embolism (10.1 (95% CI 7.48–13.4)versus3.17 (95% CI 1.80–5.19) events per 100 patient–years, respectively), and the rate of fatal bleeding was higher than the rate of fatal pulmonary embolism (2.66 (95% CI 1.44–4.52)versus0.66 (95% CI 0.17–1.81) deaths per 100 patient-years, respectively). After discontinuing anticoagulation (mean follow-up 117 days), the rate of major bleeding was lower than the rate of symptomatic pulmonary embolism (3.00 (95% CI 1.10–6.65)versus8.37 (95% CI 4.76–13.7) events per 100 patient-years, respectively); however, there were no differences in the rate of fatal events at one death each.The risk/benefit ratio of anticoagulant therapy in cancer patients with incidental pulmonary embolism is uncertain and must be evaluated in further studies.
The effect of smoking on lung function: a clinical study of adult-onset asthma
Authors: Tommola Minna , Ilmarinen Pinja , Tuomisto Leena E. , Haanpää Jussi , Kankaanranta Terhi , Niemelä Onni , Kankaanranta Hannu 
Published: September 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking on lung function decline in adult-onset asthma in a clinical, 12-year follow-up study.In the Seinäjoki Adult Asthma Study, 203 patients were followed for 12 years (1999–2013) after diagnosis of new-onset adult asthma. Patients were divided into two groups based on smoking history: <10 or ≥10 pack-years. Spirometry evaluation points were: 1) baseline, 2) the maximum lung function during the first 2.5 years after diagnosis (Max0–2.5) and 3) after 12 years of follow-up.Between Max0–2.5and follow-up, the median annual decline in absolute forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was 36 mL in the group of patients with <10 pack-years of smoking and 54 mL in those with smoking history ≥10 pack-years (p=0.003). The annual declines in FEV1% pred (p=0.006), forced vital capacity (FVC) (p=0.035) and FEV1/FVC (p=0.045) were also accelerated in the group of patients with ≥10 pack-years smoked. In multivariate regression analysis, smoking history ≥10 pack-years became a significant predictor of accelerated decline in FEV1.Among patients with clinically defined adult-onset asthma, smoking history ≥10 pack-years is associated with accelerated loss of lung function.
Thoracolumbar fractures without neurological impairment
Authors: Vilà-Canet G. , García de Frutos A. , Covaro A. , Ubierna M.T. , Caceres E. 
Published: September 2016

An appropriate protocol and unified management of thoracolumbar fractures without neurological impairment has not been well defined. This review attempts to elucidate some controversies regarding diagnostic tools, the ability to define the most appropriate treatment of classification systems and the evidence for conservative and surgical methods based on the recent literature. Cite this article: Vilà-Canet G, García de Frutos A, Covaro A, Ubierna MT, Caceres E. Thoracolumbar fractures without neurological impairment: a review of diagnosis and treatment. EFORT Open Rev 2016;1:332-338. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.1.000029
Inpatient magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography: does it increase the efficiency in emergency hepatopancreaticobiliary surgery services?
Authors: Milburn JA , Bailey JA , Dunn Wk , Cameron IC , Gomez DS 
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) is commonly used to evaluate the biliary tree, although indications for patients who require inpatient imaging are not fully defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate inpatient MRCP performed on surgical patients and to devise a treatment pathway for these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS All adult inpatient MRCP examinations between January 2012 and December 2013 were reviewed. Demographic, clinical and radiological data were collated. RESULTS During the study period, 271 inpatient MRCP were requested, of which 234 examinations were included. The majority of patients were female (n=140) and the median age was 63 years (range 16–93 years). Surgical admissions accounted for 171 (73%) of cases. Indications for inpatient MRCP include gallstone-related complications (n=173; 74%), malignant process (n=17; 7%) and other indications (n=44; 19%). Overall, inpatient MRCP led to further inpatient interventions in 22% (gallstone group, n=32, 18%; patients with malignancy, n=8, 47%; other indications, n=12, 27%). The median duration of inpatient MRCP from request to examination was 2 days (range 0–15 days) and median reporting after examination was 1 day (range 0–14 days). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Improved access and timely reporting of iMRCP may reduce length of hospital stay. Inpatient MRCP also led to further inpatient interventions, in particular, in patients with malignancy.
VONTADE DE PODER VERSUS NORMATIVIDADE: O QUE O NAZISMO NOS ENSINA?
Authors: Toscano dos Santos Júnior Rosivaldo , Streck Lenio Luiz 
Published: September 2016

O ativismo judicial ganhou ampla simpatia de setores populares e também entre os atores jurídicos. Tal se explica pela histórica baixa confiança nas instituições estatais e pelo reposicionamento do Judiciário no Pós-Guerra, dentro da ideia de Estado Democrático de Direito, em que a função jurisdicional assume a tarefa de concretizar uma Constituição transformadora. Ocorre que o desapego à normatividade e à aposta na vontade do juiz, dentro de uma conjuntura historicamente marcada pelo autoritarismo, gera riscos. O exemplo do Judiciário nazista serve de alerta às consequências de se apostar na vontade dentro de uma conjuntura de poder. Da autoridade ao autoritário é só um pequeno passo para o juiz, mas um grande abismo para a constitucionalidade. A salvaguarda contra os riscos do ativismo judicial reside no atrelamento à normatividade; aos textos que, na atribuição de sentidos autêntica, dentro de uma tradição, revela a norma do caso concreto.
Epicurus on Bivalence and the Excluded Middle
Authors: Bown Alexander 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:In several of his philosophical works, Cicero gives reports of the Epicurean views on bivalence and the excluded middle that are not always consistent. I attempt to establish a coherent account that fits the texts as well as possible and can reasonably be attributed to the Epicureans. I argue that they distinguish between a semantic and a syntactic version of the law of the excluded middle, and that whilst they reject bivalence and the semantic law for fear of certain fatalistic consequences, they endorse the syntactic law. Subsequently, I show that certain principles that they seem to endorse in the context of Cicero’s discussion of Chrysippus’ argument for fate, when modified by the addition of the atomic swerve, suggest that the Epicureans have in mind something like a supervaluationist model of truth at times, which has the desired results with respect to the three logical principles.
Leibniz’s Harmony between the Kingdoms of Nature and Grace
Authors: Strickland Lloyd 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:One of the more exotic and mysterious features of Leibniz’s later philosophical writings is the harmony between the kingdom of nature and the kingdom of grace. In this paper, I show that this harmony is not a single doctrine, but rather a compilation of two doctrines, namely (1) that the order of nature makes possible the rewards and punishments of rational souls, and (2) that the rewards and punishments of rational souls are administered naturally. I argue that the harmony is best considered as Leibniz’s distinctive collation, development, and rebranding of these doctrines, which were not themselves unique to Leibniz, nor uncommon in the seventeenth century. There follows a detailed examination of various concrete examples of the harmony in operation, from which I show that it is essentially the culmination of Leibniz’s lifelong thinking about divine justice.