bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calibrating a Viscoelastic Sea Ice Model for Wave Propagation in the Arctic Fall Marginal Ice Zone
Authors: Cheng Sukun , Rogers W. Erick , Thomson Jim , Smith Madison , Doble Martin J. , Wadhams Peter , Kohout Alison L. , Lund Björn , Persson Ola P.G. , Collins Clarence O. , Ackley Stephen F. , Montiel Fabien , Shen Hayley H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a wave‐in‐ice model calibration study. Data used were collected in the thin ice of the advancing autumn marginal ice zone of the western Arctic Ocean in 2015, where pancake ice was found to be prevalent. Multiple buoys were deployed in seven wave experiments; data from four of these experiments are used in the present study. Wave attenuation coefficients are calculated utilizing wave energy decay between two buoys measuring simultaneously within the ice covered region. Wavenumbers are measured in one of these experiments. Forcing parameters are obtained from simultaneous in‐situ and remote sensing observations, as well as forecast/hindcast models. Cases from three wave experiments are used to calibrate a viscoelastic model for wave attenuation/dispersion in ice cover. The calibration is done by minimizing the difference between modeled and measured complex wavenumber, using a multi‐objective genetic algorithm. The calibrated results are validated using two methods. One is to directly apply the calibrated viscoelastic parameters to one of the wave experiments not used in the calibration and then compare the attenuation from the model with measured data. The other is to use the calibrated viscoelastic model in WAVEWATCH III® over the entire western Beaufort Sea and then compare the wave spectra at two remote sites not used in the calibration. Both validations show reasonable agreement between the model and the measured data. The completed viscoelastic model is believed to be applicable to the fall marginal ice zone dominated by pancake ice.
Uncertainty Quantification in Scale‐Dependent Models of Flow in Porous Media
Authors: Tartakovsky A. M. , Panzeri M. , Tartakovsky G. D. , Guadagnini A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEquations governing flow and transport in randomly heterogeneous porous media are stochastic and scale dependent. In the moment equation (ME) method, exact deterministic equations for the leading moments of state variables are obtained at the same support scale as the governing equations. Computable approximations of the MEs can be derived via perturbation expansion in orders of the standard deviation of the random model parameters. As such, their convergence is guaranteed only for standard deviation smaller than one. Here, we consider steady‐state saturated flow in a porous medium with random second‐order stationary conductivity field. We show it is possible to identify a support scale
, where the typically employed approximate formulations of MEs yield accurate (statistical) moments of a target state variable. Therefore, at support scale
and larger, MEs present an attractive alternative to slowly convergent Monte Carlo (MC) methods whenever lead‐order statistical moments of a target state variable are needed. We also demonstrate that a surrogate model for statistical moments can be constructed from MC simulations at larger support scales and be used to accurately estimate moments at smaller scales, where MC simulations are expensive and the ME method is not applicable.
The NorWeST Summer Stream Temperature Model and Scenarios for the Western U.S.: A Crowd‐Sourced Database and New Geospatial Tools Foster a User Community and Predict Broad Climate Warming of Rivers and Streams
Authors: Isaak Daniel J. , Wenger Seth J. , Peterson Erin E. , Ver Hoef Jay M. , Nagel David E. , Luce Charles H. , Hostetler Steven W. , Dunham Jason B. , Roper Brett B. , Wollrab Sherry P. , Chandler Gwynne L. , Horan Dona L. , Parkes‐Payne Sharon 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThermal regimes are fundamental determinants of aquatic ecosystems, which makes description and prediction of temperatures critical during a period of rapid global change. The advent of inexpensive temperature sensors dramatically increased monitoring in recent decades, and although most monitoring is done by individuals for agency‐specific purposes, collectively these efforts constitute a massive distributed sensing array that generates an untapped wealth of data. Using the framework provided by the National Hydrography Dataset, we organized temperature records from dozens of agencies in the western U.S. to create the NorWeST database that hosts >220,000,000 temperature recordings from >22,700 stream and river sites. Spatial‐stream‐network models were fit to a subset of those data that described mean August water temperatures (AugTw) during 63,641 monitoring site‐years to develop accurate temperature models (r2 = 0.91; RMSPE = 1.10°C; MAPE = 0.72°C), assess covariate effects, and make predictions at 1 km intervals to create summer climate scenarios. AugTw averaged 14.2°C (SD = 4.0°C) during the baseline period of 1993–2011 in 343,000 km of western perennial streams but trend reconstructions also indicated warming had occurred at the rate of 0.17°C/decade (SD = 0.067°C/decade) during the 40 year period of 1976–2015. Future scenarios suggest continued warming, although variation will occur within and among river networks due to differences in local climate forcing and stream responsiveness. NorWeST scenarios and data are available online in user‐friendly digital formats and are widely used to coordinate monitoring efforts among agencies, for new research, and for conservation planning.
Exploring the Role of Social Media and Individual Behaviors in Flood Evacuation Processes: An Agent‐Based Modeling Approach
Authors: Du Erhu , Cai Ximing , Sun Zhiyong , Minsker Barbara 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFlood warnings from various information sources are important for individuals to make evacuation decisions during a flood event. In this study, we develop a general opinion dynamics model to simulate how individuals update their flood hazard awareness when exposed to multiple information sources, including global broadcast, social media, and observations of neighbors' actions. The opinion dynamics model is coupled with a traffic model to simulate the evacuation processes of a residential community with a given transportation network. Through various scenarios, we investigate how social media affect the opinion dynamics and evacuation processes. We find that stronger social media can make evacuation processes more sensitive to the change of global broadcast and neighbor observations, and thus, impose larger uncertainty on evacuation rates (i.e., a large range of evacuation rates corresponding to sources of information). For instance, evacuation rates are lower when social media become more influential and individuals have less trust in global broadcast. Stubborn individuals can significantly affect the opinion dynamics and reduce evacuation rates. In addition, evacuation rates respond to the percentage of stubborn agents in a nonlinear manner, i.e., above a threshold, the impact of stubborn agents will be intensified by stronger social media. These results highlight the role of social media in flood evacuation processes and the need to monitor social media so that misinformation can be corrected in a timely manner. The joint impacts of social media, quality of flood warnings, and transportation capacity on evacuation rates are also discussed.
High Reversible Pseudocapacity in Mesoporous Yolk–Shell Anatase TiO2/TiO2(B) Microspheres Used as Anodes for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wei Hao , Rodriguez Erwin F. , Hollenkamp Anthony F. , Bhatt Anand I. , Chen Dehong , Caruso Rachel A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAs an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, titanium dioxide (TiO2) shows good gravimetric performance (336 mAh g−1 for LiTiO2) and excellent cyclability. To address the poor rate behavior, slow lithium‐ion (Li+) diffusion, and high irreversible capacity decay, TiO2 nanomaterials with tuned phase compositions and morphologies are being investigated. Here, a promising material is prepared that comprises a mesoporous “yolk–shell” spherical morphology in which the core is anatase TiO2 and the shell is TiO2(B). The preparation employs a NaCl‐assisted solvothermal process and the electrochemical results indicate that the mesoporous yolk–shell microspheres have high specific reversible capacity at moderate current (330.0 mAh g−1 at C/5), excellent rate performance (181.8 mAh g−1 at 40C), and impressive cyclability (98% capacity retention after 500 cycles). The superior properties are attributed to the TiO2(B) nanosheet shell, which provides additional active area to stabilize the pseudocapacity. In addition, the open mesoporous morphology improves diffusion of electrolyte throughout the electrode, thereby contributing directly to greatly improved rate capacity.
Nanoparticle‐Based Therapeutics for Brain Injury
Authors: Bharadwaj Vimala N. , Nguyen Duong T. , Kodibagkar Vikram D. , Stabenfeldt Sarah E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBrain injuries affect a large patient population with major physical and emotional suffering for patients and their relatives; at a significant cost to the society. Effective diagnostic and therapeutic options available for brain injuries are limited by the complex brain injury pathology involving blood–brain barrier (BBB). Brain injuries, including ischemic stroke and brain trauma, initiate BBB opening for a short period of time, which is followed by a second reopening for an extended time. The leaky BBB and/or the alterations in the receptor expression on BBB may provide opportunities for therapeutic delivery via nanoparticles (NPs). The approaches for therapeutic interventions via NP delivery are aimed at salvaging the pericontusional/penumbra area for possible neuroprotection and neurovascular unit preservation. The focus of this progress report is to provide a survey of NP strategies employed in cerebral ischemia and brain trauma and finally provide insights for improved NP‐based diagnostic/treatment approaches.
Modern Therapeutic Approaches for Noninfectious Ocular Diseases Involving Inflammation
Authors: Ratay Michelle L. , Bellotti Elena , Gottardi Riccardo , Little Steven R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDry eye disease, age‐related macular degeneration, and uveitis are ocular diseases that significantly affect the quality of life of millions of people each year. In these diseases, the action of chemokines, proinflammatory cytokines, and immune cells drives a local inflammatory response that results in ocular tissue damage. Multiple therapeutic strategies are developed to either address the symptoms or abate the underlying cause of these diseases. Herein, the challenges to deliver drugs to the relevant location in the eye for each of these diseases are reviewed along with current and innovative therapeutic approaches that attempt to restore homeostasis within the ocular microenvironment.
Flexible Aqueous Li‐Ion Battery with High Energy and Power Densities
Authors: Yang Chongyin , Ji Xiao , Fan Xiulin , Gao Tao , Suo Liumin , Wang Fei , Sun Wei , Chen Ji , Chen Long , Han Fudong , Miao Ling , Xu Kang , Gerasopoulos Konstantinos , Wang Chunsheng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA flexible and wearable aqueous symmetrical lithium‐ion battery is developed using a single LiVPO4F material as both cathode and anode in a “water‐in‐salt” gel polymer electrolyte. The symmetric lithium‐ion chemistry exhibits high energy and power density and long cycle life, due to the formation of a robust solid electrolyte interphase consisting of Li2CO3‐LiF, which enables fast Li‐ion transport. Energy densities of 141 Wh kg−1, power densities of 20 600 W kg−1, and output voltage of 2.4 V can be delivered during >4000 cycles, which is far superior to reported aqueous energy storage devices at the same power level. Moreover, the full cell shows unprecedented tolerance to mechanical stress such as bending and cutting, where it not only does not catastrophically fail, as most nonaqueous cells would, but also maintains cell performance and continues to operate in ambient environment, a unique feature apparently derived from the high stability of the “water‐in‐salt” gel polymer electrolyte.
Improving the Power Efficiency of Solution‐Processed Phosphorescent WOLEDs with a Self‐Host Blue Iridium Dendrimer
Authors: Wang Shumeng , Yang Qingqing , Zhang Baohua , Zhao Lei , Xia Debin , Ding Junqiao , Xie Zhiyuan , Wang Lixiang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSolution‐processed phosphorescent white organic light‐emitting diodes (WOLEDs) with improved power efficiency are reported by simply blending a yellow phosphor Ir(Flpy‐CF3)3 into a self‐host blue Ir dendrimer B‐G2. Attributable to the elimination of the host‐induced power efficiency losses existed in the traditional host‐based devices, a state‐of‐the‐art total power efficiency as high as 48.8–62.8 lm W−1 is achieved at a practical luminance of 1000 cd m−2. Moreover, without considerably sacrificing the power efficiency, the related correlated color temperature and Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates can be well tuned to satisfy different illumination requirements. The results clearly demonstrate that the adoption of a self‐host blue phosphorescent dendrimer instead of the traditional host‐based device structure is a superior and promising strategy to realize power‐efficient white‐light emitting devices.
Metal‐Free Radical‐Triggered Selenosulfonation of 1,7‐Enynes for the Rapid Synthesis of 3,4‐Dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones in Batch and Flow
Authors: Qiu Jiang‐Kai , Shan Cheng , Wang De‐Cai , Wei Ping , Jiang Bo , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Li Guigen , Guo Kai 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA novel three‐component selenosulfonation of 1,7‐enynes with sulfinic acids and diphenyl diselenides for the formation of multifunctional 3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones was developed in batch and flow. This room‐temperature protocol provides a highly efficient approach to diverse selenosulfones in moderate to excellent yields and with a broad scope of substrates. It should provide a potential synthesis method for the construction of diverse and meaningful 3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐ones derivatives in the fields of pharmaceutical and biological chemistry. Additionally, an obvious acceleration (20 h to 43 s) was obtained under micro flow conditions.magnified image
Atomic‐Scale Monitoring of Electrode Materials in Lithium‐Ion Batteries using In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Shang Tongtong , Wen Yuren , Xiao Dongdong , Gu Lin , Hu Yong‐Sheng , Li Hong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are energy storage devices that have received much attention because of their high energy density, high power capacity, and long lifetime. However, even though they are used widely in daily life, their cycling life and safety need further improvement. Understanding the reaction mechanisms and the structural degradation during the lithiation/delithiation process is a prerequisite to further improve the performance of LIBs. In situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allows one to monitor structural evolution at the atomic scale in real time, thus providing an unprecedented opportunity to characterize the lithiation reaction pathway in a nonequilibrium state during battery cycling. In this article, the recent advances with respect to elucidating the relationships of dynamic structural evolution, reaction kinetics, and performance of different nanostructured electrode materials at the atomic scale using in situ TEM, based on three representative reaction mechanisms, are described. Specifically, the three systems are intercalation reaction, conversion reaction, and alloying reaction. Based on the advances that have been made, it is expected that in situ TEM will play an indispensable role on future design of LIBs electrode materials.
Efficient Solar Cells Based on Light‐Harvesting Antimony Sulfoiodide
Authors: Nie Riming , Yun Hyun‐sung , Paik Min‐Jae , Mehta Aarti , Park Byung‐wook , Choi Yong Chan , Seok Sang Il 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlthough antimony sulfoiodide (SbSI) exhibits very interesting properties including high photoconductivity, ferroelectricity, and piezoelectricity, it is not applied to solar cells. Meanwhile, SbSI is predominantly prepared as a powder using a high‐temperature, high‐pressure system. Herein, the fabrication of solar cells utilizing SbSI as light harvesters is reported for the first time to the best of knowledge. SbSI is prepared by solution processing, followed by annealing under mild temperature conditions by a reaction between antimony trisulfide, which is deposited by chemical bath deposition on a mesoporous TiO2 electrode and antimony triiodide, under air at a low temperature (90 °C) without any external pressure. The solar cells fabricated using SbSI exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 3.05% under standard illumination conditions of 100 mW cm−2.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Driven Hydrogen Evolution from Water Using a Polypyridyl Triruthenium Photosensitizer
Authors: Tsuji Yutaro , Yamamoto Keiya , Yamauchi Kosei , Sakai Ken 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn order to realize artificial photosynthetic devices for splitting water to H2 and O2 (2 H2O+hν→2 H2+O2), it is desirable to use a wider wavelength range of light that extends to a lower energy region of the solar spectrum. Here we report a triruthenium photosensitizer [Ru3(dmbpy)6(μ‐HAT)]6+ (dmbpy=4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine, HAT=1,4,5,8,9,12‐hexaazatriphenylene), which absorbs near‐infrared light up to 800 nm based on its metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (1MLCT) transition. Importantly, [Ru3(dmbpy)6(μ‐HAT)]6+ is found to be the first example of a photosensitizer which can drive H2 evolution under the illumination of near‐infrared light above 700 nm. The electrochemical and photochemical studies reveal that the reductive quenching within the ion‐pair adducts of [Ru3(dmbpy)6(μ‐HAT)]6+ and ascorbate anions affords a singly reduced form of [Ru3(dmbpy)6(μ‐HAT)]6+, which is used as a reducing equivalent in the subsequent water reduction process.
Silicon Wafers with Facet‐Dependent Electrical Conductivity Properties
Authors: Tan Chih‐Shan , Hsieh Pei‐Lun , Chen Lih‐Juann , Huang Michael H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBy breaking intrinsic Si (100) and (111) wafers to expose sharp {111} and {112} facets, electrical conductivity measurements on single and different silicon crystal faces were performed through contacts with two tungsten probes. While Si {100} and {110} faces are barely conductive at low applied voltages, as expected, the Si {112} surface is highly conductive and Si {111} surface also shows good conductivity. Asymmetrical I–V curves have been recorded for the {111}/{112}, {111}/{110}, and {112}/{110} facet combinations because of different degrees of conduction band bending at these crystal surfaces presenting different barrier heights to current flow. In particular, the {111}/{110} and {112}/{110} facet combinations give I–V curves resembling those of p–n junctions, suggesting a novel field effect transistor design is possible capitalizing on the pronounced facet‐dependent electrical conductivity properties of silicon.
Regio‐ und stereoselektive Synthese α,β‐disubstituierter Enamide durch Voraktivierung von Inamiden
Authors: Baldassari Lucas L. , de la Torre Aurélien , Li Jing , Lüdtke Diogo S. , Maulide Nuno 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEine neue Strategie der Voraktivierung von Inamiden ermöglicht die Verwendung ansonsten inkompatibler Reagenzien und erlaubt somit die Herstellung α,β‐disubstituierter Enamide mit hoher Regio‐ und Stereoselektivität. Mechanistische Analysen deuten auf die intermediäre Bildung einer Triflat‐gebundenen Spezies hin, die als Reservoir für hochreaktive Keteniminiumionen fungiert und so die nachfolgende Addition metallorganischer Reagenzien ermöglicht.
Enantioselective Copper‐Catalyzed Alkylation of Quinoline N‐Oxides with Vinylarenes
Authors: Yu Songjie , Sang Hui Leng , Ge Shaozhong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn asymmetric copper‐catalyzed alkylation of quinoline N‐oxides with chiral Cu–alkyl species, generated by migratory insertion of a vinylarene into a chiral Cu−H complex, is reported. A variety of quinoline N‐oxides and vinylarenes underwent this Cu‐catalyzed enantioselective alkylation reaction, affording the corresponding chiral alkylated N‐heteroarenes in high yield with high‐to‐excellent enantioselectivity. This enantioselective protocol represents the first general and practical approach to access a wide range of chiral alkylated quinolines.
Synthesis and catalytic evaluation of Fe3O4/MWCNTs nanozyme as recyclable peroxidase mimetics: Biochemical and physicochemical characterization
Authors: Salarizadeh Navvabeh , Sadri Minoo , Sajedi Reza H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this research, the nanocomposite of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and magnetic metal oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4/MWCNTs), as enzyme mimetic, was synthesized using an in situ chemical reduction method. The structure, composition and morphology of the prepared Fe3O4/MWCNT nanocomposite materials were characterized using X‐ray diffraction, FT‐IR and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, respectively. The magnetic properties of the nanocomposite were investigated by the vibrating sample magnetometer. A colorimetric system involving nanozyme, phenol/4‐aminoantipyrine and H2O2 was utilized for the determination of peroxidase mimetic catalytic assay. The obtained results confirmed that the synthesis of Fe3O4/MWCNTs nanostructures was successful. It was found that Fe3O4/MWCNTs nanohybrid exhibited peroxidase‐like activity without any pH limitation. Colorimetric data demonstrated that the prepared nanocatalyst had higher catalytic activity toward H2O2 than MWCNTs. The kinetic parameters of the nanozyme, Km and Vmax, were estimated to be 8.3 mm and 1.4 mm min−1, respectively. The Fe3O4/MWCNTs nanostructures were also successfully applied for glucose detection. In addition, peroxidase‐like activity of the nanozyme increased in the presence of butyl‐imidazolium bromide ionic liquid. These biomimetic catalysts have some advantages, such as simplicity, stability, reusability and cost effectiveness, which makes them great candidates to be used in various fields of biotechnology applications.