bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trans-Reflective Color Filters Based on a Phase Compensated Etalon Enabling Adjustable Color Saturation
Authors: Park Chul-Soon , Shrestha Vivek Raj , Lee Sang-Shin , Choi Duk-Yong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTrans-reflective color filters, which take advantage of a phase compensated etalon (silver-titania-silver-titania) based nano-resonator, have been demonstrated to feature a variable spectral bandwidth at a constant resonant wavelength. Such adjustment of the bandwidth is presumed to translate into flexible control of the color saturation for the transmissive and reflective output colors produced by the filters. The thickness of the metallic mirror is primarily altered to tailor the bandwidth, which however entails a phase shift associated with the etalon. As a result, the resonant wavelength is inevitably displaced. In order to mitigate this issue, we attempted to compensate for the induced phase shift by introducing a dielectric functional layer on top of the etalon. The phase compensation mediated by the functional layer was meticulously investigated in terms of the thickness of the metallic mirror, from the perspective of the resonance condition. The proposed color filters were capable of providing additive colors of blue, green and red for the transmission mode while exhibiting subtractive colors of yellow, magenta and cyan for the reflection mode. The corresponding color saturation was estimated to be efficiently adjusted both in transmission and reflection.
Pinned orbital moments – A new contribution to magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Audehm P. , Schmidt M. , Brück S. , Tietze T. , Gräfe J. , Macke S. , Schütz G. , Goering E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReduced dimensionality and symmetry breaking at interfaces lead to unusual local magnetic configurations, such as glassy behavior, frustration or increased anisotropy. The interface between a ferromagnet and an antiferromagnet is such an example for enhanced symmetry breaking. Here we present detailed X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and X-ray resonant magnetic reflectometry investigations on the spectroscopic nature of uncompensated pinned magnetic moments in the antiferromagnetic layer of a typical exchange bias system. Unexpectedly, the pinned moments exhibit nearly pure orbital moment character. This strong orbital pinning mechanism has not been observed so far and is not discussed in literature regarding any theory for local magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies in magnetic systems. To verify this new phenomenon we investigated the effect at different temperatures. We provide a simple model discussing the observed pure orbital moments, based on rotatable spin magnetic moments and pinned orbital moments on the same atom. This unexpected observation leads to a concept for a new type of anisotropy energy.
Crystal structure of TRAF1 TRAF domain and its implications in the TRAF1-mediated intracellular signaling pathway
Authors: Kim Chang Min , Choi Jae Young , Bhat Eijaz Ahmed , Jeong Jae-Hee , Son Young-Jin , Kim Sunghwan , Park Hyun Ho 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTNF-receptor associated factor (TRAF) proteins are key adaptor molecules containing E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that play a critical role in immune cell signaling. TRAF1 is a unique family of TRAF lacking the N-terminal RING finger domain. TRAF1 is an important scaffold protein that participates in TNFR2 signaling in T cells as a negative or positive regulator via direct interaction with TRAF2, which has recently been identified as a pro-apoptotic regulator in neuronal cell death. Here, we report the first crystal structure of the TRAF1 TRAF domain containing both the TRAF-N coiled-coil domain and the TRAF-C domain. Our structure reveals both similarities and differences with other TRAF family members, which may be functionally relevant to TRAFs. We also found that the TRAF-N coiled-coil domain of TRAF1 is critical for the trimer formation and stability of the protein. Finally, we found that conserved surface residues on the TRAF1 TRAF domain that might be binding hot spots that are critical for interaction with signaling molecules.
(Meta)genomic insights into the pathogenome of Cellulosimicrobium cellulans
Authors: Sharma Anukriti , Gilbert Jack A. , Lal Rup 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDespite having serious clinical manifestations, Cellulosimicrobium cellulans remain under-reported with only three genome sequences available at the time of writing. Genome sequences of C. cellulans LMG16121, C. cellulans J36 and Cellulosimicrobium sp. strain MM were used to determine distribution of pathogenicity islands (PAIs) across C. cellulans, which revealed 49 potential marker genes with known association to human infections, e.g. Fic and VbhA toxin-antitoxin system. Oligonucleotide composition-based analysis of orthologous proteins (n = 791) across three genomes revealed significant negative correlation (P < 0.05) between frequency of optimal codons (Fopt) and gene G+C content, highlighting the G+C-biased gene conversion (gBGC) effect across Cellulosimicrobium strains. Bayesian molecular-clock analysis performed on three virulent PAI proteins (Fic; D-alanyl-D-alanine-carboxypeptidase; transposase) dated the divergence event at 300 million years ago from the most common recent ancestor. Synteny-based annotation of hypothetical proteins highlighted gene transfers from non-pathogenic bacteria as a key factor in the evolution of PAIs. Additonally, deciphering the metagenomic islands using strain MM’s genome with environmental data from the site of isolation (hot-spring biofilm) revealed (an)aerobic respiration as population segregation factor across the in situ cohorts. Using reference genomes and metagenomic data, our results highlight the emergence and evolution of PAIs in the genus Cellulosimicrobium.
Synthesis, properties and surface self-assembly of a pentanuclear cluster based on the new π-conjugated TTF-triazole ligand
Authors: Cui Long , Geng Yan-Fang , Leong Chanel F. , Ma Qian , D’Alessandro Deanna M. , Deng Ke , Zeng Qing-Dao , Zuo Jing-Lin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe new π-extended redox-active ligand with both TTF and triazole units, 6-(4,5-bis(propylthio)-1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)-1H-[1,3]dithiolo[4′,5′:4,5]benzo [1,2-d] [1–3]triazole, has been successfully prepared. Based on the versatile ligand and Cu(tta)2 precursors (tta− = 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(thiophen-2-yl)butane-1,3-dione), a TTF-based pentanuclear CuII cluster (Cu5(tta)4(TTFN3)6) is synthesized and structurally characterized. Their absorption and electrochemical properties are investigated. Antiferromagnetic couplings are operative between metal ion centers bridged by triazoles in the complex. The self-assembled structure of the cluster complex on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface was observed using scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been performed to provide insight into the formation mechanism. The introduction of the redox-active TTF unit into the cluster complexes with interesting magnetic properties renders them promising candidates for new multifunctional materials.
The mossy north: an inverse latitudinal diversity gradient in European bryophytes
Authors: Mateo Rubén G. , Broennimann Olivier , Normand Signe , Petitpierre Blaise , Araújo Miguel B. , Svenning Jens-C. , Baselga Andrés , Fernández-González Federico , Gómez-Rubio Virgilio , Muñoz Jesús , Suarez Guillermo M. , Luoto Miska , Guisan Antoine , Vanderpoorten Alain 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt remains hotly debated whether latitudinal diversity gradients are common across taxonomic groups and whether a single mechanism can explain such gradients. Investigating species richness (SR) patterns of European land plants, we determine whether SR increases with decreasing latitude, as predicted by theory and whether the assembly mechanisms differ among taxonomic groups. SR increases towards the south in spermatophytes, but towards the north in ferns and bryophytes. SR patterns in spermatophytes are consistent with their patterns of beta diversity, with high levels of nestedness and turnover in the north and in the south, respectively, indicating species exclusion towards the north and increased opportunities for speciation in the south. Liverworts exhibit the highest levels of nestedness, suggesting that they represent the most sensitive group to the impact of past climate change. Nevertheless, although the extent of liverwort species turnover in the south is substantially and significantly lower than in spermatophytes, liverworts share with the latter a higher nestedness in the north and a higher turn-over in the south, in contrast to mosses and ferns. The extent to which the similarity in the patterns displayed by spermatophytes and liverworts reflects a similar assembly mechanism remains, however, to be demonstrated.
Achieving Stable Nitritation for Mainstream Deammonification by Combining Free Nitrous Acid-Based Sludge Treatment and Oxygen Limitation
Authors: Wang Dongbo , Wang Qilin , Laloo Andrew , Xu Yifeng , Bond Philip L. , Yuan Zhiguo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStable nitritation is a critical bottleneck for achieving autotrophic nitrogen removal using the energy-saving mainstream deammonification process. Herein we report a new strategy to wash out both the Nitrospira sp. and Nitrobacter sp. from the treatment of domestic-strength wastewater. The strategy combines sludge treatment using free nitrous acid (FNA) with dissolved oxygen (DO) control in the nitritation reactor. Initially, the nitrifying reactor achieved full conversion of NH4+ to NO3−. Then, nitrite accumulation at ~60% was achieved in the reactor when 1/4 of the sludge was treated daily with FNA at 1.82 mg N/L in a side-stream unit for 24 h. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) revealed FNA treatment substantially reduced the abundance of nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) (from 23.0 ± 4.3 to 5.3 ± 1.9%), especially that of Nitrospira sp. (from 15.7 ± 3.9 to 0.4 ± 0.1%). Nitrite accumulation increased to ~80% when the DO concentration in the mainstream reactor was reduced from 2.5–3.0 to 0.3–0.8 mg/L. FISH revealed the DO limitation further reduced the abundance of NOB (to 2.1 ± 1.0%), especially that of Nitrobacter sp. (from 4.9 ± 1.2 to 1.8 ± 0.8%). The strategy developed removes a major barrier for deammonification in low-strength domestic wastewater.
A curious interplay in the films of N-heterocyclic carbene PtII complexes upon deposition of alkali metals
Authors: Makarova Anna A. , Grachova Elena V. , Niedzialek Dorota , Solomatina Anastasia I. , Sonntag Simon , Fedorov Alexander V. , Vilkov Oleg Yu. , Neudachina Vera S. , Laubschat Clemens , Tunik Sergey P. , Vyalikh Denis V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe recently synthesized series of PtII complexes containing cyclometallating (phenylpyridine or benzoquinoline) and N-heterocyclic carbene ligands possess intriguing structures, topologies and light emitting properties. Here, we report curious physicochemical interactions between in situ PVD-grown films of a typical representative of the aforementioned PtII complex compounds and Li, Na, K and Cs atoms. Based on a combination of detailed core-level photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations at the density functional theory level, we found that the deposition of alkali atoms onto the molecular film leads to unusual redistribution of electron density: essential modification of nitrogen sites, reduction of the coordination PtII centre to Pt0 and decrease of electron density on the bromine atoms. A possible explanation for this is formation of a supramolecular system “Pt complex-alkali metal ion”; the latter is supported by restoration of the system to the initial state upon subsequent oxygen treatment. The discovered properties highlight a considerable potential of the PtII complexes for a variety of biomedical, sensing, chemical and electronic applications.
The accommodative ciliary muscle function is preserved in older humans
Authors: Tabernero Juan , Chirre Emmanuel , Hervella Lucia , Prieto Pedro , Artal Pablo 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPresbyopia, the loss of the eye’s accommodation capability, affects all humans aged above 45–50 years old. The two main reasons for this to happen are a hardening of the crystalline lens and a reduction of the ciliary muscle functionality with age. While there seems to be at least some partial accommodating functionality of the ciliary muscle at early presbyopic ages, it is not yet clear whether the muscle is still active at more advanced ages. Previous techniques used to visualize the accommodation mechanism of the ciliary muscle are complicated to apply in the older subjects, as they typically require fixation stability during long measurement times and/or to have an ultrasound probe directly in contact with the eye. Instead, we used our own developed method based on high-speed recording of lens wobbling to study the ciliary muscle activity in a small group of pseudophakic subjects (around 80 years old). There was a significant activity of the muscle, clearly able to contract under binocular stimulation of accommodation. This supports a purely lenticular-based theory of presbyopia and it might stimulate the search for new solutions to presbyopia by making use of the remaining contraction force still presented in the aging eye.
Hierarchical hollow Fe2O3@MIL-101(Fe)/C derived from metal-organic frameworks for superior sodium storage
Authors: Li Chengping , Hu Qian , Li Yan , Zhou Hang , Lv Zhaolin , Yang Xiangjun , Liu Lixiang , Guo Hong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA facile generic template-free strategy is employed to prepare hierarchical hollow hybrid Fe2O3@MIL-101(Fe)/C materials derived from metal-organic frameworks as anode materials for Na-ion batteries. The intrinsic hollow nanostructure can shorten the lengths for both electronic and ionic transport, enlarge the surface areas of electrodes and improve accommodation of the volume change during Na+ insertion/extraction cycling. Therefore, The stable reversible capacity of Fe2O3@MIL-101(Fe)/C electrode is 710 mAhg−1 and can be retained at 662 mAhg−1 after 200 cycles with the retention of 93.2%. Especially, its overall rate performance data confirm again the importance of the hierarchical hollow structures and multi-elements characteristics toward high capacities in both low and high current rates. This general strategy may shed light on a new avenue for fast synthesis of hierarchic hollow functional materials for energy storage, catalyst, sensor and other new applications.
Creb1 regulates late stage mammalian lung development via respiratory epithelial and mesenchymal-independent mechanisms
Authors: Antony N. , McDougall A. R. , Mantamadiotis T. , Cole T. J. , Bird A. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDuring mammalian lung development, the morphological transition from respiratory tree branching morphogenesis to a predominantly saccular architecture, capable of air-breathing at birth, is dependent on physical forces as well as molecular signaling by a range of transcription factors including the cAMP response element binding protein 1 (Creb1). Creb1−/− mutant mice exhibit complete neonatal lethality consistent with a lack of lung maturation beyond the branching phase. To further define its role in the developing mouse lung, we deleted Creb1 separately in the respiratory epithelium and mesenchyme. Surprisingly, we found no evidence of a morphological lung defect nor compromised neonatal survival in either conditional Creb1 mutant. Interestingly however, loss of mesenchymal Creb1 on a genetic background lacking the related Crem protein showed normal lung development but poor neonatal survival. To investigate the underlying requirement for Creb1 for normal lung development, Creb1−/− mice were re-examined for defects in both respiratory muscles and glucocorticoid hormone signaling, which are also required for late stage lung maturation. However, these systems appeared normal in Creb1−/− mice. Together our results suggest that the requirement of Creb1 for normal mammalian lung morphogenesis is not dependent upon its expression in lung epithelium or mesenchyme, nor its role in musculoskeletal development.
Measuring changes in substrate utilization in the myocardium in response to fasting using hyperpolarized [1-13C]butyrate and [1-13C]pyruvate
Authors: Bastiaansen Jessica A. M. , Merritt Matthew E. , Comment Arnaud 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCardiac dysfunction is often associated with a shift in substrate preference for ATP production. Hyperpolarized (HP) 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has the unique ability to detect real-time metabolic changes in vivo due to its high sensitivity and specificity. Here a protocol using HP [1-13C]pyruvate and [1-13C]butyrate is used to measure carbohydrate versus fatty acid metabolism in vivo. Metabolic changes in fed and fasted Sprague Dawley rats (n = 36) were studied at 9.4 T after tail vein injections. Pyruvate and butyrate competed for acetyl-CoA production, as evidenced by significant changes in [13C]bicarbonate (−48%), [1-13C]acetylcarnitine (+113%) and [5-13C]glutamate (−63%), following fasting. Butyrate uptake was unaffected by fasting, as indicated by [1-13C]butyrylcarnitine. Mitochondrial pseudoketogenesis facilitated the labeling of the ketone bodies [1-13C]acetoacetate and [1-13C]β-hydroxybutyryate, without evidence of true ketogenesis. HP [1-13C]acetoacetate was increased in fasting (250%) but decreased during pyruvate co-injection (−82%). Combining HP 13C technology and co-administration of separate imaging agents enables noninvasive and simultaneous monitoring of both fatty acid and carbohydrate oxidation. This protocol illustrates a novel method for assessing metabolic flux through different enzymatic pathways simultaneously and enables mechanistic studies of the changing myocardial energetics often associated with disease.
Wheat seed embryo excision enables the creation of axenic seedlings and Koch’s postulates testing of putative bacterial endophytes
Authors: Robinson Rebekah J. , Fraaije Bart A. , Clark Ian M. , Jackson Robert W. , Hirsch Penny R. , Mauchline Tim H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEarly establishment of endophytes can play a role in pathogen suppression and improve seedling development. One route for establishment of endophytes in seedlings is transmission of bacteria from the parent plant to the seedling via the seed. In wheat seeds, it is not clear whether this transmission route exists, and the identities and location of bacteria within wheat seeds are unknown. We identified bacteria in the wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. Hereward seed environment using embryo excision to determine the location of the bacterial load. Axenic wheat seedlings obtained with this method were subsequently used to screen a putative endophyte bacterial isolate library for endophytic competency. This absence of bacteria recovered from seeds indicated low bacterial abundance and/or the presence of inhibitors. Diversity of readily culturable bacteria in seeds was low with 8 genera identified, dominated by Erwinia and Paenibacillus. We propose that anatomical restrictions in wheat limit embryo associated vertical transmission, and that bacterial load is carried in the seed coat, crease tissue and endosperm. This finding facilitates the creation of axenic wheat plants to test competency of putative endophytes and also provides a platform for endophyte competition, plant growth, and gene expression studies without an indigenous bacterial background.
2.5 mW 2.73 GHz non‐overlapping multi‐phase clock generator with duty‐cycle correction in 0.13 µm CMOS
Authors: Yu Xiao‐Peng , Fang Yun , Shi Zheng 
Published: May 2016

A high‐speed low power multi‐phase clock generator with a simple duty‐cycle correction circuit is presented. By adding tail transistors driven by the out‐phase signal as a discharge path to correct the phase overlapping in the conventional design, 25% duty cycle multi‐phase clocks are obtained with <1° phase error. Thanks to this simple topology, the proposed work is featured with fast‐speed, low power with a small silicon area. Fabricated in a 0.13 µm RF CMOS process, the proposed clock generator has a measured operating frequency up to 2.73 GHz with a maximum power consumption of 2.5 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
Differences between Manufacturers of Computed Tomography–Based Computer-Assisted Surgery Systems Do Exist
Authors: Nooh Anas , Lubov Joushua , Aoude Ahmed , Aldebeyan Sultan , Jarzem Peter , Ouellet Jean , Weber Michael H. 
Published: May 2016

Study Design Literature review. Objective Several studies have shown that the accuracy of pedicle screw placement significantly improves with use of computed tomography (CT)-based navigation systems. Yet, there has been no systematic review directly comparing accuracy of pedicle screw placement between different CT-based navigation systems. The objective of this study is to review the results presented in the literature and compare CT-based navigation systems relative only to screw placement accuracy. Methods Data sources included CENTRAL, Medline, PubMed, and Embase databases. Studies included were randomized clinical trials, case series, and case–control trials reporting the accuracy of pedicle screws placement using CT-based navigation. Two independent reviewers extracted the data from the selected studies that met our inclusion criteria. Publications were grouped based on the CT-based navigation system used for pedicle screw placement. Results Of the 997 articles we screened, only 26 met all of our inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis, which showed a significant statistical difference ( p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval 0.92 to 1.23) in accuracy of pedicle screw placement between three different CT-based navigation systems. The mean (weighted) accuracy of pedicle screws placement based on the CT-based navigation system was found to be 97.20 ± 2.1% in StealthStation (Medtronic, United States) and 96.1 ± 3.9% in VectorVision (BrainLab, Germany). Conclusion This review summarizes results presented in the literature and compares screw placement accuracy using different CT-based navigation systems. Although certain factors such as the extent of the procedure and the experience and skills of the surgeon were not accounted for, the differences in accuracy demonstrated should be considered by spine surgeons and should be validated for effects on patients’ outcome.