bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using the Capture–Recapture Technique to Supplement a Point-in-Time Count of Homeless Adults in Kittitas County, Washington
Authors: Domitz Ryan E , Gabriel Kara I , Linhart Jean Marie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Capture–recapture (CRC) is a method of population estimation pioneered in biology that allows the surveyor to approximate the proportion of individuals who evaded sampling efforts (i.e., captures) based on repeated samples from the same population. The current national standard for estimating homelessness is a single-day enumeration called the point-in-time (PIT) count. By using a local community action agency’s homeless outreach program and a cold weather shelter as two distinct sampling sources to capture data using CRC methodology, the current study sought to estimate the homeless population in Kittitas County, Washington, and compare CRC with PIT count estimates. Four months of data collection for the two sampling sources yielded an estimate of 115 (95% CI [93, 137]) homeless individuals in the county using CRC methodology. The PIT count conducted in the same year sampled 61 individuals, supporting the idea that cross-sectional enumeration (i.e., PIT counts) underestimate the homeless population and could be supplemented by CRC methods, particularly in rural areas where resources to conduct PIT counts may be limited. Greater accuracy in homelessness enumeration may aid in advocacy efforts, provide baseline data for researching interventions designed to reduce homelessness, and yield statistics to better guide legislative and policy initiatives.
Long-term Associations Between Time-varying Exposure to Ambient PM2.5 and Mortality: An Analysis of the UK Biobank
Authors: Vanoli Jacopo , de la Cruz Libardi Arturo , Sera Francesco , Stafoggia Massimo , Masselot Pierre , Mistry Malcolm N. , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Quint Jennifer K. , Ng Chris Fook Sheng , Madaniyazi Lina , Gasparrini Antonio 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Evidence for long-term mortality risks of PM2.5 comes mostly from large administrative studies with incomplete individual information and limited exposure definitions. Here we assess PM2.5–mortality associations in the UK Biobank cohort using detailed information on confounders and exposure.

Methods:
We reconstructed detailed exposure histories for 498,090 subjects by linking residential data with high-resolution PM2.5 concentrations from spatiotemporal machine-learning models. We split the time-to-event data and assigned yearly exposures over a lag window of 8 years. We fitted Cox proportional hazard models with time-varying exposure controlling for contextual- and individual-level factors, as well as trends. In secondary analyses, we inspected the lag structure using distributed lag models and compared results with alternative exposure sources and definitions.

Results:
In fully adjusted models, an increase of 10 μg/m³ in PM2.5 was associated with hazard ratios of 1.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.06, 1.53) for all-cause, 1.24 (1.03, 1.50) for nonaccidental, 2.07 (1.04, 4.10) for respiratory, and 1.66 (0.86, 3.19) for lung cancer mortality. We found no evidence of association with cardiovascular deaths (hazard ratio = 0.88, 95% confidence interval: 0.59, 1.31). We identified strong confounding by both contextual- and individual-level lifestyle factors. The distributed lag analysis suggested differences in relevant exposure windows across mortality causes. Using more informative exposure summaries and sources resulted in higher risk estimates.

Conclusions:
We found associations of long-term PM2.5 exposure with all-cause, nonaccidental, respiratory, and lung cancer mortality, but not with cardiovascular mortality. This study benefits from finely reconstructed time-varying exposures and extensive control for confounding, further supporting a plausible causal link between long-term PM2.5 and mortality.
Rethinking atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease prevention in the era of expanding therapies: could plaque stabilization reduce the need for lifelong treatments and polypharmacy?
Authors: Bruun Kathrine , Mortensen Martin Bødtker 
Published: October 2024

Purpose of review
This review examines current evidence on pharmacologically induced plaque stabilization in the context of a growing range of new therapies. It explores the potential for a paradigm shift in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention, where treatments may not need to be lifelong to achieve lasting benefits.

Recent findings
Since 2015, over 14 novel therapies have been introduced, each shown to reduce ASCVD risk when added to standard care with statins and aspirin. More than 80% of ischemic heart disease patients are now eligible for one or more of these treatments, increasing the risk of polypharmacy, treatment burden, and adverse side effects. As more therapies become available, this challenge is expected to grow. Many of these treatments have demonstrated plaque regression and stabilization, as evidenced by both intravascular ultrasound and computed tomography angiography, which likely explains much of their efficacy.

Summary
The increasing number of novel therapies presents challenges in preventing ASCVD without leading to lifelong polypharmacy and increased patient burden. Since many of these drugs act through plaque stabilization, a new approach may be feasible – using these treatments for shorter durations to induce plaque regression, followed by less intensive maintenance therapies to preserve stability. This approach warrants further investigation in future studies.
RAS, BRAF, and MMR system mutations in metastatic colorectal cancers: an observational study
Authors: Khoshnoudi Hojatolah , Yaghobi Joybari Ali , Naeemi Sanatdoost Pouia , Haghbin Toutounchi Alireza , Adinevand Ehsan , Nematihonar Behzad 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Colorectal cancers (CRCs) are the second cause of malignancy-related deaths and over half of CRCs become metastatic. Genetics plays a critical role in understanding metastatic colorectal cancers (MCRCs), as various genetic mutations influence progression and treatment responses. While there exists plenty of research on genetic mutations in CRCs, few studies have focused on mutations in MCRC patients. The present study aims to provide an overview of the prevalence of KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and MMR mutations in Iranian MCRC patients.

Methods:
The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional study on patients with MCRCs referred to a tertiary medical center in Iran from March 2015 to March 2022. Ethics approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the University of Medical Sciences. The patient’s MCRC was confirmed by pathology and Genotyping Assessments of tissue for KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, and MMR mutations.

Results:
A total of 136 MCRC patients were included in this study; 44 patients (40.7%) had KRAS mutations in their lesions. KRAS mutation status was not significantly related to age or gender (P > 0.05). Only one NRAS mutation was found in one patient. There were no cases of BRAF mutation identified. Among 48 patients assessed for MMRs deficiency, 8 cases (16.7%) were positive, 7 cases (14.6%) were MSI-H, and 1 case (2.1%) was MSI-L.

Conclusion:
Although no significant relation was found between the KRAS mutation pattern and gender, age, or tumor primary location, the MSI-H mutation-positive tumors were significantly more prevalent in younger patients.
Correlation between dental age and chronological age of Taiwanese children on panoramic X-ray images by different evaluation methods
Authors: Sun Kuo-Ting , Wu Yun-Zhen , Hsu Jui-Ting , Huang Heng-Li 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Accurate age estimation is vital in forensic medicine and clinical dentistry. The Demirjian method is commonly used for this purpose, but its applicability to Asian individuals is understudied. The present study evaluated the accuracy of dental age (DA) estimation for Taiwanese children by using the Demirjian, Willems, and modified Demirjian methods, comparing these estimates to those of chronological age (CA) based on panoramic X-ray images.

Methods:
A total of 232 Taiwanese children aged between 5 and 12 years underwent panoramic X-ray scans. Their permanent teeth were assessed using the Demirjian, Willems, and modified Demirjian methods to estimate DA. Regression analysis was used to determine the correlation between CA and DA, with linear regression equations established using SPSS statistics software to identify differences.

Results:
The Willems method had the lowest mean absolute error and the smallest mean difference between DA and CA among the 3 age estimation methods analyzed (p < 0.001). The R
2 value for the difference between DA and CA was 0.831 for the Willems method, 0.813 for the Demirjian method, and 0.782 for the modified Demirjian method (p < 0.001). The Willems method had the highest correlation with CA, with the linear equation for Taiwanese children being CA = 0.822 × DA + 1.093. For comparison, for the Demirjian method, the equation was CA = 0.894 × DA + 0.165.

Conclusion:
The effectiveness of predictive methods varies across ethnicities, and therefore, region-specific formulas are required. For Taiwanese children, the Willems method predicts CA most accurately. This study contributes to the fields of legal medicine and clinical dentistry by demonstrating the accuracy of DA in predicting CA.
High-intensity interval training attenuates renal injury induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats
Authors: Lai Chang‑Chi , Tang Chia‑Yu , Fu Szu‑Kai , Tseng Kuo‑Wei , Yu Chia-Hsien , Wang Chien-Ying 
Published: October 2024

Background:
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized as an effective form of short-duration exercise. The purpose of this study was to assess whether HIIT could reduce renal injury induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) in rats.

Methods:
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to the Sham (SHAM), coronary artery occlusion (CAO), HIIT, and ischemic precondition (IPC) groups. Rats underwent 40 minutes of left anterior descending CAO under anesthesia, followed by 3 hours of reperfusion, to induce MIR. Postsurgery, rats were sacrificed, and their blood, heart, and kidney tissues were examined. The HIIT group underwent 4 weeks of HIIT training before surgery.

Results:
HIIT intervention significantly reduced renal injury after MIR and the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (CRE) in the serum. Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6, were significantly decreased, while the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 was significantly increased in the serum. Additionally, HIIT intervention suppressed the expression of FoxO1, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, TNF-α, and cleaved-caspase-3/caspase-3 ratio in kidney tissues, ultimately reducing renal cell apoptosis.

Conclusion:
This study is the first to demonstrate that HIIT has effects similar to IPC, significantly reducing renal injury after MIR. HIIT regulates the production of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and inhibits renal cell apoptosis, thereby reducing the occurrence of cardiorenal syndrome.
Impact of bariatric surgery on infertility in obese women: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Makhsosi Behnam R. , Ghobadi Pourya , Otaghi Masoumeh , Tardeh Zeinab 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide, with several consequences, including reduced fertility in both men and women. One of the ways to reduce weight is bariatric surgery. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to evaluate the effectiveness of bariatric surgery on weight loss and subsequent improvement of fertility in obese infertile women.

Methods:
Several databases were searched using MESH terms to investigate the studies that evaluated the fertility rates after bariatric surgery in infertile obese women. Related data were obtained and analyzed using Stata software with a P-value ≤0.05, which was considered as significant.

Results:
Of the 283 articles related to the purpose of this study, 9 articles, including 231 obese infertile women, were included in the study. BMI before surgery was 42.2 [95% CI= 39.2–45.2] and BMI after surgery was 31.9 (95% CI= 28.9–34.8), which shows the significance of weight loss after bariatric surgery. Conception rate after bariatric surgery weight loss was increased and was 67% (95% CI= 47–87%, P-value <0.05).

Conclusions:
Bariatric surgery had a significant effect on the reduction of BMI and subsequent significant improvement of fertility in obese infertile women.
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in the absence of tuberous sclerosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Regmi Prakash , Karki Susmin , Thapa Bikas , Shrestha Dipendra K , Sedain Gopal 
Published: October 2024

Introduction and Importance:
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) is a benign intraventricular tumor classically arising near the Foramen of Monro. SEGAs almost always present as a component of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by lesions in multiple organs.

Case Presentation:
A 16-year-old male with no significant past medical history presented with headache and dizziness. Imaging revealed intraventricular mass within the left lateral ventricle; the post-contrast image showed a contrast-enhanced lesion suggestive of SEGA. Following resection, histopathological analysis identified the lesion as a SEGA. However, on further workup, the patient was found not to meet the clinical criteria of TSC, which exemplifies a rare case of SEGA in the absence of a TSC diagnosis.

Clinical Discussion:
Tuberous sclerosis Complex (TSC) is a neurocutaneous disorder with a classical triad of seizures, mental retardation, and hamartomas in multiple organs and tissues. SEGA without TSC does not have multiorgan problems and hence doesn’t need ancillary testing but despite having a good outlook still needs follow-up for interval growth or recurrence. However, overall prognosis of isolated SEGA is better than SEGA associated with TSC.

Conclusion:
SEGA is commonly found to be associated with TSC. Although it is challenging to diagnose isolated SEGA, hence it is essential for physicians to be aware of the possibility of SEGA in the absence of other characteristics of TSC, which has many implications for a patient’s clinical course. This case report adds to current knowledge regarding isolated SEGA.
Risk factors for bacterial stent colonization in patients with a double J ureteral stent: a prospective study
Authors: Mainali Prakash , Luitel Prajjwol , Paudel Sujan , Thapaliya Ishwor , Sharma Uttam Kumar , Chapagain Suman , Gautam Pratima , Luitel Bhoj Raj , Chalise Pawan Raj 
Published: October 2024

Background:
The increasing use of double J ureteral stents (DJS) has increased the risk of early intolerance and long-term complications. Studies have reported stent colonization rates ranging from 19 to 90% with various bacterial profiles in the colonization of stents.

Objectives:
To identify the risk factors associated with bacterial colonization of DJS and report the common micro-organisms isolated and drug susceptibility pattern.

Methods:
This study is a prospective study of patients who underwent DJS. A total of 48 patients from our institution were studied between March 2022 and August 2023. After the removal of DJS with a sterile technique, the tips of both ends (renal end and bladder end) of the stent were cut and processed in the microbiology lab.

Results:
Bacterial colonies were detected in 56.25% (27 out of 48) of the stents. Among the pathogens identified, Enterococcus species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and E. coli were the most frequently isolated. The colonization rate increased with the duration of stent placement and albuminuria.

Conclusions:
The study indicated that prolonged indwelling time and albuminuria are a risk factor for bacterial colonization on the stent therefore, it is advisable to use double J ureteral stent only when absolutely necessary and to remove them promptly.
Biomarkers for autism spectrum disorder: a short review
Authors: de Sena Barbosa Mateus Gonçalves , Vilela de Souza Rafaela Luiza , Gonçalves Cherain Luiz Gabriel , Santos Ferreira Luiz Henrique , Santos Affi Peixoto Maria Eduarda , Lemos Passos Monique , Matias Piza Lívia , Almeida Carneiro Rafael , Nunes Rabelo Nicollas , Chaurasia Bipin 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by social disabilities and stereotyped behaviors. There is a relevant social impact on autistic people’s lives and, therefore, biomarkers have become relevant for understanding neurobiological mechanisms.

Objective:
This study aims to review current knowledge about the role of biomarkers and their main scientific evidence in autism.

Methods:
The authors performed a non-systematic literature review through the PubMed database, using the keywords “biomarkers”, “autism” and “autism spectrum disorder”. The search was restricted to articles written in English, in the last 10 years.

Results:
Analyzing the articles found, it is possible to delimit the biomarkers according to the development of ASD, from the prenatal period with exposure to diseases or association of autism with other genetic diseases, through the immune and nutritional factors exposed during pregnancy, and for end those associated with diagnoses phase in which there is the presence of symptoms in which these markers can be used to aid in the diagnosis.

Conclusion:
Although preliminary, biomarkers may hold promise for prenatal and presymptomatic screening. It may also be used as predictors of treatment for autism spectrum disorder.
Relaxivity and In Vivo Human Performance of Brand Name Versus Generic Ferumoxytol
Authors: van der Heijden Rianne A. , Tamada Daiki , Mao Lu , Rice James , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: October 2024

Objectives
Ferumoxytol is a superparamagnetic iron-oxide product that is increasingly used off-label for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). With the recent regulatory approval of generic ferumoxytol, there may be an opportunity to reduce cost, so long as generic ferumoxytol has similar imaging performance to brand name ferumoxytol. This study aims to compare the relaxation-concentration dependence and MRI performance of brand name ferumoxytol with generic ferumoxytol through phantom and in vivo experiments. The secondary purpose was to determine the optimal flip angle and optimal weight-based dosing.

Materials and Methods
Phantom experiments were performed using both brand name (AMAG Pharmaceuticals) and generic (Sandoz Pharmaceuticals) ferumoxytol products. Each ferumoxytol product was diluted in saline, and separately in adult bovine whole blood, at 5 iron concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 2.1 mM. Vials were placed in an MR-compatible water bath at 37°C and imaged at both 1.5 T and 3.0 T. Longitudinal and transverse relaxation rate constants (R1, R2, R2*) were measured for each ferumoxytol concentration, and relaxation-concentration curves were estimated. An in vivo dose accumulation study with flip angle optimization was also implemented using a cross-over design, in healthy volunteers. Cumulative doses of 1, 3, 5, and 7 mg/kg diluted ferumoxytol were administered prior to MRA of the chest on a 3.0 T clinical MRI system. For each incremental dose, the flip angle was varied from 40° to 10° in −10° increments over 5 breath-holds followed by a repeated 40° flip angle acquisition. Regions of interest were drawn in the aortic arch, paraspinous muscles, and a noisy area outside of the patient, free from obvious artifact. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated as the quotient of the average signal in the aortic arch and the standard deviation of the noise, corrected for a Rician noise distribution. Contrast-to-noise ratio was calculated as the difference in SNR between the aorta and paraspinous muscles. Absolute SNR and contrast-to-noise ratio values were compared between products for different flip angles and doses.

Results
There were no statistically significant or clinically relevant differences in relaxation-concentration curves between AMAG and Sandoz products in phantom experiments. Six healthy volunteers (38.8 ± 11.5 years, 3 female, 3 male) were successfully recruited and completed both imaging visits. No clinically relevant differences in image quality were observed between ferumoxytol products. The optimal flip angle range and dose for both products was 20°–30° and 5 mg/kg, respectively.

Conclusions
Brand name and generic ferumoxytol products can be used interchangeably for MRA.
Clinical Characteristics and Multi-Model Imaging Analysis of Moyamoya Disease: An Observational Study
Authors: Ling Hui , Huang Huaping , Fu Bin , Pan Xiaoli , Gao Liansheng , Yan Wei 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
Previous studies have lacked a comprehensive analysis of imaging modalities for diagnosing Moyamoya disease (MMD). This study aims to bridge this gap by utilizing multi-modal imaging to provide a more detailed understanding of the clinical and imaging characteristics of MMD.

Methods:
A retrospective analysis was conducted on seventy-eight adult MMD patients enrolled from March 2018 to March 2021. The study focused on clinical features, imaging findings, and treatment outcomes, with a particular emphasis on the comparative efficacy of different imaging modalities.

Results:
In this series, clinical manifestations varied depending on the type of MMD, with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) being the most common (69.2%), followed by cerebral infarction (25.6%). Imaging techniques provided critical diagnostic insights: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated superior sensitivity over computed tomography (CT) in detecting hemorrhages, whereas computed tomography angiography (CTA) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) identified intricate vascular lesions, including moyamoya vessels and aneurysms. Notably, cerebral perfusion imaging (CTP) highlighted significant differences in cerebral blood flow and volume between infarction and hemorrhage cases. This comprehensive imaging approach guided varied therapeutic strategies, including bypass surgery in 57 patients and interventional embolization for aneurysms in 14 patients.

Conclusion:
The authors' findings underscore the critical role of early diagnosis using DSA, whereas highlighting CTA and MRA as valuable noninvasive tools for screening and follow-up. The integration of multi-modal imaging provides a detailed vascular assessment crucial for individualized patient management, facilitating timely interventions and significantly improving clinical outcomes.
Application of Mirror Image 3D-Printing Technology Bone Cement in Treatment of Stage IIIb Necrosis of the Lunate Bone
Authors: Wumanerjiang Aikebaier , Julaiti Tayierjiang , Wang Li , Han Yan-Long 
Published: October 2024

Background:
At present, conventional operations are weak for pain relief and restoring the carpal joint function in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the lunate bone.

Case Report:
Mirror image 3-dimensional (3D)-printing technology has rarely been reported for the treatment of lunate bone necrosis, The use of mirror 3D-printed lunar bone replacement and bone cement technology in the treatment of stage IIIb lunar bone necrosis has been rarely reported in previous literature. Personalized customized 3D-printed prostheses have become an effective solution for solving many complex cases, and the flexible application of bone cement technology can also achieve satisfactory clinical results. The authors report 3 patients who underwent mirror printing of lunar bone prostheses based on healthy side lunar bone computed tomography data, 3D printing of lunar bone prostheses replacement through small incisions, and intraoperative selection of alternative bone cement technology based on actual conditions

Conclusion:
Mirror image 3D printing relieved the pain and resulted in satisfactory functional recovery for stage IIIb lunate bone necrosis.