bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlated Disruption of Resting-State fMRI, LFP, and Spike Connectivity between Area 3b and S2 following Spinal Cord Injury in Monkeys
Authors: Wu Ruiqi , Yang Pai-Feng , Chen Li Min 
Published: October 2017

This study aims to understand how functional connectivity (FC) between areas 3b and S2 alters following input deprivation and the neuronal basis of disrupted FC of resting-state fMRI signals. We combined submillimeter fMRI with microelectrode recordings to localize the deafferented digit regions in areas 3b and S2 by mapping tactile stimulus-evoked fMRI activations before and after cervical dorsal column lesion in each male monkey. An average afferent disruption of 97% significantly reduced fMRI, local field potential (LFP), and spike responses to stimuli in both areas. Analysis of resting-state fMRI signal correlation, LFP coherence, and spike cross-correlation revealed significantly reduced functional connectivity between deafferented areas 3b and S2. The degrees of reductions in stimulus responsiveness and FC after deafferentation differed across fMRI, LFP, and spiking signals. The reduction of FC was much weaker than that of stimulus-evoked responses. Whereas the largest stimulus-evoked signal drop (∼80%) was observed in LFP signals, the greatest FC reduction was detected in the spiking activity (∼30%). fMRI signals showed mild reductions in stimulus responsiveness (∼25%) and FC (∼20%). The overall deafferentation-induced changes were quite similar in areas 3b and S2 across signals. Here we demonstrated that FC strength between areas 3b and S2 was much weakened by dorsal column lesion, and stimulus response reduction and FC disruption in fMRI covary with those of LFP and spiking signals in deafferented areas 3b and S2. These findings have important implications for fMRI studies aiming to probe FC alterations in pathological conditions involving deafferentation in humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBy directly comparing fMRI, local field potential, and spike signals in both tactile stimulation and resting states before and after severe disruption of dorsal column afferent, we demonstrated that reduction in fMRI responses to stimuli is accompanied by weakened resting-state fMRI functional connectivity (FC) in input-deprived and reorganized digit regions in area 3b of the S1 and S2. Concurrent reductions in local field potential and spike FC validated the use of resting-state fMRI signals for probing neural intrinsic FC alterations in pathological deafferented cortex, and indicated that disrupted FC between mesoscale functionally highly related regions may contribute to the behavioral impairments.
Mitochondrial Calcium Dysregulation Contributes to Dendrite Degeneration Mediated by PD/LBD-Associated LRRK2 Mutants
Authors: Verma Manish , Callio Jason , Otero P. Anthony , Sekler Israel , Wills Zachary P. , Chu Charleen T. 
Published: October 2017

Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) contribute to development of late-onset familial Parkinson's disease (PD), with clinical features of motor and cognitive dysfunction indistinguishable from sporadic PD. Calcium dysregulation plays an important role in PD pathogenesis, but the mechanisms of neurodegeneration remain unclear. Recent reports indicate enhanced excitatory neurotransmission in cortical neurons expressing mutant LRRK2, which occurs before the well-characterized phenotype of dendritic shortening. As mitochondria play a major role in the rapid buffering of cytosolic calcium, we hypothesized that altered mitochondrial calcium handling contributes to dendritic retraction elicited by the LRRK2-G2019S and -R1441C mutations. In primary mouse cortical neurons, we observed increased depolarization-induced mitochondrial calcium uptake. We found that expression of mutant LRRK2 elicited transcriptional upregulation of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and the mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 protein (MICU1) with no change in levels of the mitochondrial calcium antiporter NCLX. Elevated MCU and MICU1 were also observed in LRRK2-mutated patient fibroblasts, along with increased mitochondrial calcium uptake, and in postmortem brains of sporadic PD/PDD patients of both sexes. Transcriptional upregulation of MCU and MICU1 was caused by activation of the ERK1/2 (MAPK3/1) pathway. Inhibiting ERK1/2 conferred protection against mutant LRRK2-induced neurite shortening. Pharmacological inhibitors or RNAi knockdown of MCU attenuated mitochondrial calcium uptake and dendritic/neuritic shortening elicited by mutant LRRK2, whereas expression of a constitutively active mutant of NCLX that enhances calcium export from mitochondria was neuroprotective. These data suggest that an increased susceptibility to mitochondrial calcium dysregulation contributes to dendritic injury in mutant LRRK2 pathogenesis.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCognitive dysfunction and dementia are common features of Parkinson's disease (PD), causing significant disability. Mutations in LRRK2 represent the most common known genetic cause of PD. We found that PD-linked LRRK2 mutations increased dendritic and mitochondrial calcium uptake in cortical neurons and familial PD patient fibroblasts, accompanied by increased expression of the mitochondrial calcium transporter MCU. Blocking the ERK1/2-dependent upregulation of MCU conferred protection against mutant LRRK2-elicited dendrite shortening, as did inhibiting MCU-mediated calcium import. Conversely, stimulating the export of calcium from mitochondria was also neuroprotective. These results implicate increased susceptibility to mitochondrial calcium overload in LRRK2-driven neurodegeneration, and suggest possible interventions that may slow the progression of cognitive dysfunction in PD.
Can growth hormone treatment improve growth in children with severe growth failure due to anorexia nervosa? A preliminary pilot study
Authors: Léger Juliane , Fjellestad-Paulsen Anne , Bargiacchi Anne , Doyen Catherine , Ecosse Emmanuel , Carel Jean-Claude , Le Heuzey Marie-France 
Published: October 2017

Background/Aims
Growth failure is a difficult but key aspect of care in children with anorexia nervosa (AN). The effects of hGH therapy have not been studied. The aim was to investigate the effect of hGH treatment on height velocity (HV) in children with AN.

Methods
We carried out a retrospective observational study. Ten girls diagnosed with AN at 10.0 ± 1.9 years, with prolonged severe growth failure (HV < 2.5 cm/year for at least 18 months) at the age of 13.3 ± 1.1 years and delayed puberty after nutritional rehabilitation, were treated with hGH (0.040 mg/kg/day) from a bone age of 10.9 ± 1.7 years until they reached adult height. Height and HV were measured before treatment and at 12-month intervals during treatment.

Results
Mean body mass index SDS remained unchanged, but HV increased significantly, from a median of 1.0 (0.7–2.1) to 7.1 (6.0–9.5) cm/year after one year (P < 0.002) and 5.6 (4.8–6.2) cm/year after two years of treatment. Height SDS increased from −2.2 ± 1.3 to −1.6 ± 1.3 after one year (P < 0.002) and −1.1 ± 1.5 after two years of GH treatment. Adult height (−0.1 ± 1.0 SDS) was close to target height after 3.6 ± 1.4 years of GH treatment. Serum IGF-I levels increased significantly during treatment (P < 0.01). The treatment was well tolerated.

Conclusions
This proof-of-concept study shows that hGH treatment is associated with significant improvements in linear growth in adolescents with AN and severe growth failure. A randomized placebo-controlled trial is required to determine the ultimate impact of GH treatment in patients with this severe, rare condition.
Formación de maestros enfocada a la construcción de paz desde el reconocimiento y la justicia social
Authors: Burgos Méndez Diana Magnolia , Ruíz Peña Jenny Johanna , Martínez Ramos Mirella 
Published: October 2017

La educación colombiana busca desarrollar un enfoque diferencial basado en el La educación colombiana busca desarrollar un enfoque diferencial basado en el mejoramiento de los procesos institucionales. Se sistematiza la experiencia “Sujetos constructores de convivencia pacífica desde el reconocimiento”, aplicada en la Escuela Normal Superior de Saboyá (Boyacá, Colombia), cuyo objetivo fue la resignificación de la educación integrando la justicia social, aspecto que fortalece el reconocimiento de los estudiantes como sujetos de derechos en la cotidianidad de la vida escolar y en el desarrollo de las competencias propias de la formación de maestros. Esta iniciativa analiza las características del contexto educativo, diagnosticando situaciones conflictivas que generan modos de menosprecio expuestos en la teoría de Axel Honnet (2010), y las formas de reconocimiento que se tejen en la interacción de los estudiantes en su entorno educativo y que nos permiten transformar dichas problemáticas desde las vivencias directas de los actores involucrados. Este artículo busca recuperar el protagonismo de la escuela en la formación de las futuras generaciones para no repetir los ciclos de violencia en el posconflicto colombiano, haciendo énfasis en el reconocimiento, porque es desde allí que se construyen y se reconfiguran los procesos sociales que contribuyen a la formación de una cultura de paz basada en la justicia social.
Diagnóstico de la comunicación interna y la participación en sistemas de gestión de la calidad en dos entidades del sector público colombiano
Authors: Casas Henao Adriana Del Pilar , Roca Martínez José Jorge 
Published: October 2017

<p>Este documento aborda el diagnóstico de la gestión de la comunicación interna frente a su papel para promover que los servidores participen en la implementación de los sistemas de gestión de la calidad en dos entidades públicas que usaron la Norma Técnica de Calidad y Gestión Pública (NTCGP) 1000:2009. Se presentan los resultados del diagnóstico elaborado para determinar el papel de la comunicación interna como parte esencial del proceso de implementación de los sistemas de gestión en las dos entidades objeto de estudio y su incidencia en la participación de los servidores públicos, tomando como punto de partida el análisis de las practicas, los contenidos y desarrollos de la comunicación en dichas instituciones; esto para determinar su integración y alineación con las estrategias, la política y los objetivos de calidad. Para ello la comunicación interna se analiza desde sus dimensiones estratégica, operativa, cultural y de aprendizaje, y considerando factores como la comprensión, el compromiso, la toma de conciencia, el sentido de pertenencia e incidencia. Como resultado se presentan las conclusiones sobre la descripción de las dinámicas de la comunicación interna encontradas en las entidades estudiadas y las de la medición de los aspectos asociados a la participación de los servidores públicos en la implantación de sus sistemas de gestión de calidad y además, los instrumentos de investigación, como aporte a la comprensión de la realidad comunicativa y su relación con la cultura de la calidad, así como bases para la presentación de alternativas metodológicas que faciliten el desarrollo de los sistemas de gestión de la calidad mediante la participación de los servidores públicos en el sector gubernamental colombiano.</p>
Socialinė kritika po poststruktūralizmo: ko galima pasimokyti iš Luhmanno, Lukácso ir Simmelio
Authors: Salem A. 
Published: October 2017

This article examines the views of three highly distinct social theorists – Niklas Luhmann, György Lukács and Georg Simmel – on the issue of modernity and its effects in an attempt to explore not just the considerable differences but also some common ground between them. It is argued that while these thinkers taken together encompass a wide spectrum of political opinion, and also cover a spectrum between technocratic and anti-rationalist views, those who, in various ways, sanction the rise of modernity and those who criticise it are in many ways in agreement about its characteristics. Beyond this the aim is to address the question of what an exchange between these theorists can reveal for the purpose of continuing a project of social criticism, at a time when any such project must take place in a post-structuralist intellectual context in which all knowledge is fundamentally provisional and uncertain. Even in this situation, it is argued, some positive recommendations can be made for such criticism’s continuing role. The article concludes by making the case, in the dialogue opened up between these otherwise diverse theorists, for a more self-reflexive critical writing, one more aware of its own fragility, of the limits of the position from which it speaks, and of how much it is implicated in what it criticises, and outlines the possibilities for a non-essentialist and non-foundationalist approach to social critique.
Carcinogenicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes: challenging issue on hazard assessment
Authors: Fukushima Shoji , Kasai Tatsuya , Umeda Yumi , Ohnishi Makoto , Sasaki Toshiaki , Matsumoto Michiharu 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives
This report reviews the carcinogenicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs) in experimental animals, concentrating on MWNT-7, a straight fibrous MWCNT.

Methods
MWCNTs were administered to mice and rats by intraperitoneal injection, intrascrotal injection, subcutaneous injection, intratracheal instillation and inhalation.

Results
Intraperitoneal injection of MWNT-7 induced peritoneal mesothelioma in mice and rats. Intrascrotal injection induced peritoneal mesothelioma in rats. Intratracheal instillation of MWCNT-N (another straight fibrous MWCNT) induced both lung carcinoma and pleural mesothelioma in rats. In the whole body inhalation studies, in mice MWNT-7 promoted methylcholanthrene-initiated lung carcinogenesis. In rats, inhalation of MWNT-7 induced lung carcinoma and lung burdens of MWNT-7 increased with increasing concentration of airborne MWNT-7 and increasing duration of exposure.

Conclusions
Straight, fibrous MWCNTs exerted carcinogenicity in experimental animals. Phagocytosis of MWCNT fibers by macrophages was very likely to be a principle factor in MWCNT lung carcinogenesis. Using no-observed-adverse-effect level-based approach, we calculated that the occupational exposure limit (OEL) of MWNT-7 for cancer protection is 0.15 μg/m3 for a human worker. Further studies on the effects of the shape and size of MWCNT fibers and mode of action on the carcinogenicity are required.
Predictors of excessive use of social media and excessive online gaming in Czech teenagers
Authors: Spilková Jana , Chomynová Pavla , Csémy Ladislav 
Published: October 2017

Background and aims
Young people’s involvement in online gaming and the use of social media are increasing rapidly, resulting in a high number of excessive Internet users in recent years. The objective of this paper is to analyze the situation of excessive Internet use among adolescents in the Czech Republic and to reveal determinants of excessive use of social media and excessive online gaming.

Methods
Data from secondary school students (N = 4,887) were collected within the 2015 European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs. Logistic regression models were constructed to describe the individual and familial discriminative factors and the impact of the health risk behavior of (a) excessive users of social media and (b) excessive players of online games.

Results
The models confirmed important gender-specific distinctions – while girls are more prone to online communication and social media use, online gaming is far more prevalent among boys. The analysis did not indicate an influence of family composition on both the excessive use of social media and on excessive online gaming, and only marginal effects for the type of school attended. We found a connection between the excessive use of social media and binge drinking and an inverse relation between excessive online gaming and daily smoking.

Discussion and conclusion
The non-existence of significant associations between family environment and excessive Internet use confirmed the general, widespread of this phenomenon across the social and economic strata of the teenage population, indicating a need for further studies on the topic.
Why Distant Reading Isn't
Authors: Drucker Johanna 
Published: October 2017

Language is easy to capture, but hard to read.—John Cayley, “Terms of Reference and Vectoralist Transgressions,”Amodern 2: Network ArchaeologyIf Reading were used exclusively to designate human engagement with symbolic codes, then it would be relatively easy to dismiss distant reading as an oxymoron—unless it were referring to mystical scrying from dizzying heights or deciphering printed matter from across a room. Debates about what constitutes human reading are as varied as the many hermeneutic traditions and pedagogical or cognitive approaches on which they draw (Bruns). But reading has been used to describe many mechanical processes and sorting techniques. Punch-card rods, slotted light triggers, Jacquard looms, and many other devices were reading encoded information long before the standard MARC (machine-readable cataloguing) records became ubiquitous in library systems in the 1970s. Outmoded mechanical reading devices have a seductive, steampunk fascination. Many mimicked human actions and behaviors. In addition, these older technologies were embedded in human social systems and exchanges whose processes the machines' operators could partly read. The machines' actions were encoded and decoded by individuals' cognitive intelligence even if the machines functioned automatically.
Franco Moretti: A Response
Authors: Moretti Franco 
Published: October 2017

First of all, thanks to wai chee dimock, the editor of PMLA, and to all contributors for having put this feature together. Devoting time and energy to someone else's work is a very generous thing to do, and I'm grateful to all of you for your attention. Really.Since Dimock made clear from the start that the discussion would be “on Distant Reading the book,” I will not address Johanna Drucker's and Catherine Nicholson's essays, which, though very interesting, concern methodological and historical issues rather than the book itself. Otherwise, my reply will proceed as follows: a prologue on my relationship to distance; some retrospective thoughts on Distant Reading; a few responses on “facts,” interpretations, “reading,” and “readers”; some reflections on modeling; and a conclusion on what Lisa Marie Rhody calls the “dehumanizing” nature of “scientific discourse.”
Patient-Reported Symptom Control of Diarrhea and Flushing in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors Treated with Lanreotide Depot/Autogel: Results from a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind and 32-Week Open-Label Study
Authors: Fisher George A. , Wolin Edward M. , Liyanage Nilani , Pitman Lowenthal Susan , Mirakhur Beloo , Pommier Rodney F. , Shaheen Montaser , Vinik Aaron ,   on behalf of the ELECT Study Group
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
In the double-blind (DB) ELECT study, lanreotide depot/autogel significantly reduced versus placebo the need for short-acting octreotide for symptomatic carcinoid syndrome (CS) control in neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients. Here we present patient-reported symptom data during DB and initial open-label (IOL) treatment.

Materials and Methods
Adults with NETs and CS history, with/without prior somatostatin analog use, were randomized to 16 weeks’ DB lanreotide 120 mg subcutaneous or placebo every 4 weeks, followed by 32 weeks’ IOL lanreotide. Patients recorded diarrhea and/or flushing frequency and severity daily by Interactive Voice (Web) Response System for 1 month prior to randomization and throughout the study.

Results
Of 115 patients randomized (n = 59 lanreotide, n = 56 placebo), 56 lanreotide and 45 placebo patients enrolled in the IOL phase. During DB treatment, least square (LS) mean percentages of days with moderate/severe diarrhea and/or flushing were significantly lower for lanreotide (23.4%) versus placebo (35.8%; LS mean difference [95% confidence interval]: −12.4 [−20.73 to −4.07]; p = .004). For DB lanreotide patients, average daily composite (frequency × severity) diarrhea scores improved significantly between DB and IOL treatment (mean difference: −0.71 [−1.20 to −0.22]; p = .005), and remained stable for diarrhea and/or flushing. For DB placebo patients, composite scores for diarrhea, flushing, and diarrhea and/or flushing improved significantly between DB and IOL treatment (mean differences: −1.07 [−1.65 to −0.49]; −1.06 [−1.93 to −0.19]; and −2.13 [−3.35 to −0.91]; all p ≤ .018).

Conclusion
Improved diarrhea and flushing control in CS patients during 16-week lanreotide treatment was sustained during maintenance of lanreotide treatment for the 32-week IOL phase (48 weeks total).

Implications for Practice
This study prospectively collected daily patient-reported data on diarrhea and flushing from the ELECT trial to evaluate the direct impact of lanreotide depot on patients’ relief of carcinoid syndrome symptoms. Treatment with lanreotide depot was associated with significant reductions in the percentages of days patients reported symptoms of diarrhea and flushing, as well as reductions in the frequency and severity of daily symptoms compared with placebo during 16 weeks of double-blind treatment. These improvements were sustained for 32 additional weeks of open-label lanreotide treatment (i.e., through week 48 of treatment), resulting in clinically meaningful, long-term symptom reduction.
Farmacoterapéutica de la anticoagulación. Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Posada-López Andrés Felipe , García C., Julio César , Pacheco P. Tatiana , Arias V. Sara 
Published: October 2017

<p>La terapia anticoagulante tiene múltiples indicaciones en diversos contextos; va más allá de la prevención de la formación de trombos o su propagación y tiene como objetivo final mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes. En efecto, la anticoagulación se hace relevante en diversas situaciones clínicas que abarcan desde enfermedades crónicas hasta patologías quirúrgicas y situaciones especiales (obesidad, enfermedad renal crónica, trauma, cáncer) para evitar desenlaces adversos, tales como el tromboembolismo venoso, los estados hipercoagulables, el síndrome coronario agudo, la fibrilación y el aleteo (flutter) auricular, entre otros. En este sentido, la comprensión adecuada y la formulación de dosis óptimas de anticoagulantes recobran especial importancia. El objetivo de este trabajo fue revisar la evidencia proveniente de estudios clínicos sobre el papel de los principales anticoagulantes orales y parenterales en el contexto de los pacientes con indicación de anticoagulación por antecedentes patológicos, quirúrgicos y en situaciones especiales como las mencionadas. Existen diversos conceptos y recomendaciones sobre la profilaxis y el tratamiento anticoagulante en indicaciones habituales; sin embargo, se debe establecer un consenso de anticoagulación en situaciones especiales que se presentan en la práctica clínica diaria.</p><p> </p>