bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of a Selenide‐Based Heterostructure From a Designed Precursor†
Authors: Falmbigl Matthias , Esters Marco , Johnson David C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe formation of the ferecrystalline compound (SnSe)1.15VSe2 is studied utilizing complementary X‐ray diffraction techniques, differential scanning calorimetry, compositional analysis, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. A careful analysis unravels the formation mechanism, where a simultaneous crystallization of the individual constituents goes hand in hand with the formation of the superlattice structure. SnSe2 monolayers form along with SnSe and VSe2 units in the superlattice during the formation of (SnSe)1.15VSe2, with the SnSe2 monolayers coexisting up to 300°C. An annealing temperature of 400°C is required to fully self‐assemble the ferecrystalline compound (SnSe)1.15VSe2, composed of alternating rocksalt‐like SnSe bilayers and VSe2 trilayers. These results demonstrate a complex pathway along a multi‐valley energy landscape for these metastable compounds, which in turn offers a rich platform to synthesize targeted layering sequences by precisely controlling the composition of the precursors as well as the annealing conditions.
Electrostatic Self‐Assembly of the Composite La0.7Sr0.3MnO3@Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 as Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Aluminum–Air Batteries
Authors: Xue Yejian , Huang Heran , Miao He , Sun Shanshan , Wang Qin , Li Shihua , Liu Zhaoping 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLa1−xSrxMnO3 (LSM) has been proposed as one of the best oxygen reduction reaction catalysts (ORRCs) to substitute noble metals. It is well known that an improvement of the oxygen‐adsorption capacity is beneficial to the catalytic activity of LSM perovskites. Herein, the composite material La0.7Sr0.3MnO3@Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 (LSM@CZ) has been synthesized by a facile electrostatic self‐assembly method in a two‐step strategy. The CZ nanoparticles are well distributed on the surface of the LSM material. The LSM‐4CZ composite catalyst exhibits a good catalytic activity in alkaline solution. The onset potential, half‐wave potential, and electron transfer number of the LSM‐4CZ composite catalyst are 0.898 V, 0.695 V, and 4, respectively. The LSM‐4CZ composite catalyst has a good durability with current retention of 93.9 % after 80 000 s and it exhibits a much better stability than Pt/C, the retention of which is 83.5 %. If we used LSM‐CZ as the ORRC, the maximum power density of the Al–air battery reached 242.9 mW cm−2, which is approximately 40 % higher than that of the battery with LSM (177.3 mW cm−2). This indicates that the LSM@CZ composite material is a promising cathodic electrocatalyst for metal–air batteries.
Preparation and Properties of Stearic Acid–Acetanilide Eutectic Mixture/Expanded Graphite Composite Phase‐Change Material for Thermal Energy Storage
Authors: Ma Guixiang , Wang Zhao , Xie Shaolei , Sun Jinhe , Jia Yongzhong , Jing Yan , Du Guangwei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, a series of binary mixtures of stearic acid (SA) and acetanilide (AA) at various mass fractions was prepared. A binary mixture of SA and AA with a ratio of 81.0:19.0 mol % is a eutectic mixture with a melting temperature of (342.45±0.25) K and a melting latent heat of (220.04±10.02) J g−1. To improve the thermal properties of the SA–AA eutectic mixture to obtain a composite phase‐change material (CPCM) with a high thermal conductivity, large heat storage capacity, and good thermal stability and reliability for heat energy storage, expanded graphite (EG) at different mass fractions was added into the SA–AA eutectic mixture. The resulting material exhibited a remarkable energy storage capacity with a latent heat of 176.14 J g−1. The thermal conductivity of the CPCM was enhanced by 14.5 times compared to that of the SA–AA eutectic mixture. The thermophysical properties of the SA–AA/EG CPCM after 100 accelerated thermal cycles were slightly decreased, which did not influence the heat storage. Thus, the prepared SA–AA/EG CPCM is a promising material for latent heat storage systems.
Formation and development of dunes in the northern Qarhan Desert, central Qaidam Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Zhengcai , Dong Zhibao , Qian Guangqiang , Li Jiyan , Luo Wanying 
Published: July 2017

The Qarhan Desert in the Qaidam Basin is a high‐elevation geomorphic depression characterized by low temperatures, resulting in an environment similar to those predicted to exist on Mars. As a result, this desert has attracted many aeolian researchers. However, relatively little research has addressed the factors that control dune formation in this region. In this paper, we used observational wind data and sediment characteristics to analyze the formation and development of 3 dune types. The spatial distribution of the Qarhan Desert dune types is controlled by both wind regime and surface characteristics (primarily surface barriers, i.e., yardangs). Linear dunes formed on the leeside of yardangs and became elongated under a bimodal wind regime. The elongation direction of the linear dunes (295°) was similar to the direction of potential sand transport (290° to 296°). Linear dune development experienced different erosion and deposition processes under different climate regimes, and the dunes can be divided into developed and developing linear dunes at present. The movement of developed linear dunes included elongation and lateral movement; however, the movement of developing linear dunes was restricted to elongation. The mean elongation movement rate of the developing and developed linear dunes was approximately 16.87 and 4.84 m/yr, respectively.
Evaluation of a multifaceted postpartum hemorrhage‐management intervention in community hospitals in Southern Thailand
Authors: Liabsuetrakul Tippawan , Palanukunwong Kanokporn , Chinduereh Anan , Oumudee Nurlisa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess a multifaceted postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)‐management intervention in community hospitals in Southern Thailand.MethodsThe present prospective study was conducted from November 1, 2012 to April 30, 2015. The medical records of women with PPH were collected before (January 1, 2011, and October 31, 2012) and after (March 1, 2013, and December 31, 2014) the implementation of a multifaceted PPH‐management intervention at three community hospitals in Southern Thailand; these patients were compared with patients diagnosed with PPH at three control hospitals in the same provinces during the same time periods. The intervention, delivered to general practitioners and nurses, utilized previously developed PPH‐management guidelines. PPH management was compared between the intervention and control hospitals and factors associated with PPH management were evaluated using univariate and multiple logistic regressions.ResultsThe post‐intervention median blood loss within 2 hours of delivery was lower in intervention hospitals (P<0.001) and post‐intervention indwelling bladder catheterization was higher (P=0.004). Increased odds of indwelling bladder catheterization were recorded among patients treated at intervention hospitals (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.40–5.55) and patients who experienced more than 500 mL of blood loss (501–1000 mL [aOR 2.41, 95% CI 1.22–4.76] or >1000 mL [aOR 16.45, 95% CI 2.04–132.80]).ConclusionImplementation of the multifaceted intervention improved PPH management at community hospitals.
Sustainability of Irrigation Schemes Transferred in Turkey
Authors: Koç Cengiz 
Published: July 2017

AbstractContinuous maintenance, repair and rehabilitation are of great importance in the physical sustainability of irrigation schemes in Turkey. Maintenance, repair and rehabilitation of irrigation schemes not only increase the sustainability of irrigation facilities, but they also increase the efficiency of water utilization and plant development in the region. The responsibility for the maintenance, repair and rehabilitation needs of transferred irrigation schemes lies with the beneficiaries of these irrigation systems. This study encompasses the effects of the management of irrigation schemes in Turkey for physical sustainability, as well as irrigation ratios, project irrigation efficiency, types of irrigation schemes and their ages. In addition, elimination of increasing needs due to untimely and inefficient execution of maintenance and repair works has been investigated, along with how its contribution to the economy can be strengthened is analysed in detail. Some other criteria discussed in the study include the improvement of conditions and utilization periods of the irrigation facilities of farmers, revitalization of maintenance and repair works which have been neglected after their transfer, source of the required financing, and implementation methods and conditions of repair and maintenance projects as well as rehabilitation and modernization projects, which have been developed for transferred irrigation schemes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How the Visual Rhetoric of Online Discussions Enables and Constrains Students’ Participation
Authors: Sherry Michael B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhole‐class discussions, in which students share and refine ideas with others, can now take place in online forums. In face‐to‐face classrooms, previous research has identified conversational techniques, such as open‐ended questions and uptake of what others have said, that can promote dialogic, whole‐class discussions. However, few studies have examined how students’ participation can be enabled and constrained by the visual design of online forums. This article evaluates three online conversations among students of different disciplines and geographic regions at secondary, postsecondary, and graduate levels, evaluating the success of each example based first on conversational techniques and then on the visual design of the online forum. Rhetorical principles such as contrast, repetition, alignment, and proximity may help teachers evaluate and redesign potential online forums for more effective online discussions, including how classroom setup, routines, and multimedia can shape students’ participation.
Characterization of poly(L‐glutamic acid)‐grafted hyaluronan as a novel candidate medicine and biomedical device for intra‐articular injection
Authors: Muramatsu Kazuaki , Tajima Yuya , Kaneko Rin , Yanagita Yuta , Hirai Hiroyuki , Hiura Nana 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA novel hyaluronan (HA) derivative, poly(L‐glutamic acid)‐grafted hyaluronan (PGA‐g‐HA), was synthesized to improve the durability of conventional HA products for intra‐articular injection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of the novel HA derivative in terms of viscoelasticity, degradation behavior, non‐immunogenicity, and bioactivity using preliminary in vitro and in vivo experiments. The storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) of PGA‐g‐HA were similar to those of HA80 (approximately 8.0 × 105 Da) rather than those of original HA200 (approximately 2.0 × 106 Da). PGA‐g‐HA showed strong resistance against hyaluronidase hydrolysis compared to unmodified HA200. The immunogenicity resulting from grafting PGA to HA200 was not detected in bone marrow derived dendritic cells. The anti‐inflammatory activity of PGA‐g‐HA was confirmed in IL‐1β‐stimulated chondrocytes. In addition, compared to unmodified HA200, the intra‐articular injection of PGA‐g‐HA produced greater chondroprotective effects on a monoiodoacetic acid‐induced model of rat knee osteoarthritis at two weeks after a single treatment. Therefore, PGA‐g‐HA is expected to be a promising medicine and biomedical device for intra‐articular injection. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3006–3016, 2017.
Nitrogen‐enriched compost application combined with plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improves seed quality and nutrient use efficiency of sunflower
Authors: Arif Muhammad Saleem , Shahzad Sher Muhammad , Riaz Muhammad , Yasmeen Tahira , Shahzad Tanvir , Akhtar Muhammad Javed , Bragazza Luca , Buttler Alexandre 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEcological benefits associated with plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculants offer a promising integrated nutrient management option to counteract plant nitrogen (N) deficiency. We performed field experiments to evaluate the effect of integrated N fertilizer regime involving chemical N fertilizer (CNF) and N‐enriched compost (NEC), either alone or combined with selected PGPR (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) on sunflower seed quality, N use efficiency (NUE) and soil fertility during 2014–2015. We found that integrated N biofertilizer application resulted in significantly higher seed oil concentration, fatty acid composition, and harvest index in both cropping years. Greater effects on N yield efficiency (NYE), N use efficiency (NUE), N physiological efficiency (NPE), and photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) were recorded in nitrogen‐enriched compost+PGPR inoculant (NECPI) treatment followed by chemical N fertilizer+PGPR inoculant (CNFPI) treatment. Statistically significant differences were observed in linoleic and linolenic acid, NYE, and NUE for treatment × year interaction, thus, suggesting that the integrated N biofertilizer approach facilitates the efficient N use by sunflower for improving yield and seed quality. Moreover, we also found considerable enhancement of soil N fertility after two consecutive cropping years of sunflower. The enhancement of seed quality, N use efficiencies, and soil N fertility through integrated N biofertilizer application emphasizes the importance of balanced crop N nutrition, ensuring sufficient N supply to sunflower with adequate N balance in soil for the next crop. Overall, combination of PGPR with NEC amendment may optimize N uptake efficiency and reduce N fertilizer losses, which is necessarily required for the sustainable sunflower production.
Paltry past‐precipitation: Predisposing prairie dogs to plague?
Authors: Eads David A. , Biggins Dean E. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe plague bacterium Yersinia pestis was introduced to California in 1900 and spread rapidly as a sylvatic disease of mammalian hosts and flea vectors, invading the Great Plains in the United States by the 1930s to 1940s. In grassland ecosystems, plague causes periodic, devastating epizootics in colonies of black‐tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus), sciurid rodents that create and maintain subterranean burrows. In doing so, plague inhibits prairie dogs from functioning as keystone species of grassland communities. The rate at which fleas transmit Y. pestis is thought to increase when fleas are abundant. Flea densities can increase during droughts when vegetative production is reduced and herbivorous prairie dogs are malnourished and have weakened defenses against fleas. Epizootics of plague have erupted frequently in prairie dogs during years in which precipitation was plentiful, and the accompanying cool temperatures might have facilitated the rate at which fleas transmitted Y. pestis. Together these observations evoke the hypothesis that transitions from dry‐to‐wet years provide conditions for plague epizootics in prairie dogs. Using generalized linear models, we analyzed a 24‐year dataset on the occurrence of plague epizootics in 42 colonies of prairie dogs from Colorado, USA, 1982–2005. Of the 33 epizootics observed, 52% erupted during years with increased precipitation in summer. For the years with increased summer precipitation, if precipitation in the prior growing season declined from the maximum of 502 mm to the minimum of 200 mm, the prevalence of plague epizootics was predicted to increase 3‐fold. Thus, reduced precipitation may have predisposed prairie dogs to plague epizootics when moisture returned. Biologists sometimes assume dry conditions are detrimental for plague. However, 48% of epizootics occurred during years in which precipitation was scarce in summer. In some cases, an increased abundance of fleas during dry years might compensate for other conditions that become less favorable for plague transmission. Global warming is forecasted to amplify the hydrological cycle in the Great Plains, causing an increased occurrence of prolonged droughts interceded by brief periods of intense precipitation. Results herein suggest these changes might affect plague cycles in prairie dogs. Both negative and positive consequences of dry conditions should be considered when managing plague. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Europium‐155 as a source for dual energy cone beam computed tomography in adaptive proton therapy: A simulation study
Authors: Zhu Jiahua , Penfold Scott N. 
Published: July 2017

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of a 3D imaging system utilizing a 155Eu source and pixelated cadmium‐zinc‐telluride (CZT) detector for applications in adaptive radiotherapy. Specifically, to compare the reconstructed stopping power ratio (SPR) values of a head phantom obtained with the proposed imaging technique with theoretical SPR values.MethodA Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation was performed with the novel imaging system. The simulation was repeated with a typical 120 kV X‐ray tube spectrum while maintaining all other parameters. Dual energy 155Eu source cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were reconstructed with an iterative projection algorithm known as total variation superiorization with diagonally relaxed orthogonal projections (TVS‐DROP). Single energy 120 kV source CBCT images were also reconstructed with TVS‐DROP. Reconstructed images were converted to SPR with stoichiometric calibration techniques based on ICRU 44 tissues. Quantitative accuracy of reconstructed attenuation coefficient images as well as SPR images were compared.ResultsImages generated by gamma emissions of 155Eu showed superior contrast resolution to those generated by the 120 kV spectrum. Quantitatively, all reconstructed images correlated with reference attenuation coefficients of the head phantom within 1 standard deviation. Images generated with the 155Eu source showed a smaller standard deviation of pixel values. Use of a dual energy conversion into SPR resulted in superior SPR accuracy with the 155Eu source.Conclusion155Eu was found to display desirable qualities when used as a source for dual energy CBCT. Further work is required to demonstrate whether the simulation results presented here can be translated into an experimental prototype.
Im Nebel zum Dividendengipfel
Authors: Bug Thorsten 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDie Chemieindustrie sieht ständig Risiken für ihre Geschäfte. Trotzdem stehen Aktienkurse und Dividenden auf Rekordhöhe. Unternehmen würden diese Situation gerne konservieren. Nutzen dazu Strategien, wie die Basischemie zu verkaufen, sich auf nichtzyklische Produkte zu fokussieren oder wie bisher auf China zu setzen?
Selbstverteidigung als Ausgangspunkt bioaktiver Naturstoffe
Authors: Herbst Rosa , Klapper Martin , Stallforth Pierre 
Published: July 2017

AbstractKleine Moleküle dienen in mikrobiellen Gemeinschaften der Kommunikation, sichern aber auch das Überleben, indem sie Fressfeinde abwehren oder Beuteorganismen anlocken. Die Räuber‐Beute‐Beziehung zwischen sozialen, aber gefräßigen Amöben und wehrhaften Bakterien ist Ursache für eine besonders reiche Quelle an Naturstoffen.
Gegenmittel bei Vergiftungen mit chemischen Kampfstoffen
Authors: Kubik Stefan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMakrocyclische Verbindungen können neurotoxische Organophosphonate entgiften. Besonders effektiv sind Verbindungen, die das Organophosphonat komplexieren, bevor sie mit ihm reagieren, und dadurch die Entgiftung einleiten. Solche Makrocyclen sind Leitstrukturen für Wirkstoffe, die für eine Behandlung von Vergiftungen mit phosphororganischen Kampfstoffen eingesetzt werden könnten.
Vom Verein zum Verlag
Authors: Osterath Brigitte 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIm Jahr 1887 gründete sich der Verein Deutscher Chemiker, die zweite Vorläuferorganisation der GDCh. Als wichtigstes Vermächtnis hinterließ die industrienahe Berufsgesellschaft: das Journal Angewandte Chemie.
Von Agrarchemie bis Zahnpasta
Authors: Bulmahn Maren 
Published: July 2017

Abstract2016 war ein durchwachsenes Jahr für die chemisch‐pharmazeutische Industrie. Der Umsatz ging wegen sinkender Herstellerpreise zurück, die Produktion stieg kaum. Allerdings waren einige besser dran als andere, und das Jahr 2017 begann für fast alle Chemiezweige freundlicher.
Azacitidine successfully maintained the second remission in an infant with KMT2A‐rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia who relapsed after unrelated cord blood transplantation
Authors: Chijimatsu Ikue , Imanaka Yusuke , Tomizawa Daisuke , Eguchi Mariko , Nishimura Shiho , Karakawa Shuhei , Miki Mizuka , Hamamoto Kazuko , Fujita Naoto 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe outcome for infants with KMT2A (MLL)‐rearranged acute lymphoblastic leukemia (MLL‐r ALL) is dismal despite intensive therapy, including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Epigenetic dysregulation is considered a key driver of MLL‐r leukemogenesis, which theoretically supports the use of epigenetic modifiers as a treatment option. We report an infant MLL‐r ALL case with post‐HSCT relapse. After achieving a second remission, which was maintained for 10 months using only the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, azacitidine, the patient successfully received the second HSCT. This report describes the clinical effectiveness of azacitidine for the treatment of infant MLL‐r ALL.
PD‐1 inhibition in congenital pigment synthesizing metastatic melanoma
Authors: Weyand Angela C. , Mody Rajen J. , Rabah Raja M. , Opipari Valerie P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA newborn female child was born with a congenital pigment synthesizing melanoma of the scalp. Further workup revealed metastatic disease within the liver, lungs, and left tibia. Whole exome sequencing was performed on multiple samples that revealed one somatic mutation, lysine methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C), at low allelic frequency but no v‐Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF), NF‐1 mutation. Programmed death ligand 1 was moderately expressed. Treatment was initiated with the programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor nivolumab. The patient tolerated this treatment well with minimal toxicity. She is now over a year out from initial diagnosis, continuing on nivolumab, with stable disease.
Invasive pneumococcal disease in children with sickle cell disease in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era
Authors: Martin Olufunke O. , Moquist Kristin L. , Hennessy Jane M. , Nelson Stephen C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInvasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) can be devastating. We sought to assess the impact of IPD in children with SCD since licensure of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). We found 11 cases of IPD giving an incidence of 417 per 100,000 person‐years, much higher than that reported in children without SCD. Although all isolates were sensitive to penicillin, 89% of isolates were nonvaccine serotypes. Further study is needed to characterize the incidence of and risk factors for the development of IPD in SCD in the PCV era to help drive better prevention strategies.