bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large‐scale image‐based screening and profiling of cellular phenotypes
Authors: Bougen‐Zhukov Nicola , Loh Sheng Yang , Lee Hwee Kuan , Loo Lit‐Hsin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCellular phenotypes are observable characteristics of cells resulting from the interactions of intrinsic and extrinsic chemical or biochemical factors. Image‐based phenotypic screens under large numbers of basal or perturbed conditions can be used to study the influences of these factors on cellular phenotypes. Hundreds to thousands of phenotypic descriptors can also be quantified from the images of cells under each of these experimental conditions. Therefore, huge amounts of data can be generated, and the analysis of these data has become a major bottleneck in large‐scale phenotypic screens. Here, we review current experimental and computational methods for large‐scale image‐based phenotypic screens. Our focus is on phenotypic profiling, a computational procedure for constructing quantitative and compact representations of cellular phenotypes based on the images collected in these screens. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Proliferating poplars: the leading edge of landscape change in an Alaskan subalpine chronosequence
Authors: Roland Carl A. , Stehn Sarah E. , Schmidt Joshua , Houseman Brian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe remeasured a classic chronosequence study in the subalpine zone of the Alaska Range to evaluate how plant community attributes have changed across a set of different‐aged terraces over a 54‐yr period (1958–2012). Our work focused on whether the tempo and trajectory of successional development described in the original study have changed over this period during which summer temperatures warmed by approximately 2°C. Our work revealed a rapid increase in the distribution, stature, and abundance of balsam poplar trees that was unanticipated in the original successional model alongside evidence that established late‐successional plant communities have changed relatively little over the same time period. The spatial distribution of poplar expansion was both directional and highly variable, with greater expansion occurring in sites that were young surfaces in 1958, or else were disturbed during the intervening period. We present evidence that early successional environments in this region may be particularly susceptible to rapid alteration stimulated by climate warming that has allowed tree establishment and growth in subalpine areas. Sparsely vegetated sites allow for invasion or expansion of some species to be quickly realized because there is less resistance from competition with established vegetation, including mosses that insulate and paludify the soil. We suggest that established vegetation communities may have physical characteristics (such as cold and/or acidic soil profiles) that are inimical to the establishment of balsam poplar and may also be a source of competitive inertia, conferring a measure of resistance to directional changes in the landscape mosaic. However, when an early successional species has traits that allow it to persist and fundamentally alter the vegetation mosaic over time, as is the case with balsam poplar, it may serve as the leading edge of compositional changes with profound consequences. Our results highlight the capacity of a single species to catalyze the changes that may eventually lead to the altering of an entire landscape mosaic.
Religious identification and interreligious contact in Indonesia and the Philippines: Testing the mediating roles of perceived group threat and social dominance orientation and the moderating role of context
Authors: Kanas Agnieszka , Scheepers Peer , Sterkens Carl 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study integrates three theoretical perspectives provided by social identity theory, realistic group conflict theory, and social dominance theory to examine the relationship between religious identification and interreligious contact. It relies on a unique dataset collected among Christian and Muslim students in ethnically and religiously diverse regions of Indonesia and the Philippines, where social cleavages occur along religious lines. Religious identification directly predicts a higher quality of interreligious contact, whereas it indirectly predicts a lower quantity and quality of contact, mediated by higher perception of group threat, and a higher quality of contact, mediated by lower social dominance orientation. Furthermore, these direct and indirect relationships are moderated by religious group membership and relative group size. We conclude that religious identification functions as a ‘double‐edged sword’ predicting both higher quality and lower quantity and quality of interreligious contact through various pathways and with a varying strength depending on intergroup context.
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic Investigation in Detecting 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine Using Catalytic Effect of Copper at Glassy Electrode
Authors: Boumya W. , Hammani H. , Loudiki A. , Achak M. , Bakasse M. , El Mhammedi M. A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper reports on the use of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) allied to copper (II) for the determination of 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) at glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The experiment measurements were carried out in methanol at a potential of 0.3 V versus Ag/AgCl. The Nyquist plots were modeled with a Randle equivalent circuit, by identifying the charge transfer resistance as the relevant concentration dependent parameter. These measurements show that the impedance spectra of DNPH increased by the formation of non‐electroactive compound produced from specific interaction between DNPH and Cu (II), which will block the electron‐transfer process of the redox probe. Therefore, the proposed methodology offers a detection limit of 4.0×10−8 mol L−1. The proposed methodology was satisfactorily applied to determine DNPH in industrial water samples.
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding/Selfprotonation Processes Modulated by the Substituent Effect in Hydroxyl‐substituted Naphthoquinones
Authors: Maldonado Teresita , Martínez‐González Eduardo , Frontana Carlos 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this work, an electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical ESR study for a series of hydroxyl substituted 1,4‐naphthoquinones is presented. Results show that the electrochemical behaviour is dependent on the relative positions of these groups within the molecules. For compounds which have hydroxyl groups at the annellated benzene ring, intramolecular hydrogen bonding (a substituent field effect) determines the energy of reduction of the system. When hydroxyl functions are located at the C‐2 or C‐3 positions, a selfprotonation process occurs. The electrogenerated dianion or trianion radicals, derived from deprotonated quinones, show that intramolecular hydrogen bonding has a significant effect both in the spin density distribution and in the energy required for the formation of these radical species. The difference observed in the slope for EpIc vs. log v function for 2,3,5,8‐tetrahydroxy‐1,4‐naphthoquinone suggest that, for this compound, the proton transfer step does not occur as a single, but as a two‐step sequence, where an hydrogen bonded adduct could be present as a stable intermediate. These processes could help to explain the discrepancies observed earlier performing linear free energy relationships these compounds.
On the Analysis of Non‐stationary Impedance Spectra
Authors: Battistel Alberto , Du Guoqing , La Mantia Fabio 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this work we study the possibility to analyze the non‐stationary impedance spectra by employing standard equivalent circuits. For this purpose, the dynamic multi‐frequency analysis (DMFA) is introduced and compared with a set of consecutive stationary impedance spectra. In order to prove the hypothesis, the data are obtained by the simulation in the time domain of the electron transfer process between an electrode and a free‐diffusing redox couple in solution. During the simulation, the system is perturbed with a cyclic voltammetry superimposed to a small multisine perturbation (DMFA) or with a series of stationary impedance spectroscopies. Also, a new fitting algorithm, which takes into account the correlation between consecutive spectra, is proposed and tested. Although the Randles circuit can be used to fit both dynamic and stationary impedance spectra, the values of the fitting parameters are different and depend on the direction of the scan and on the rate. This is related to the influence of the diffusion profile on the fitting parameters.
In situ Magnesiothermal Synthesis of Mesoporous MgO/OMC Composite for Sensitive Detection of Lead Ions
Authors: Shen Hangjia , Qin Danfeng , Li Yuzhen , Li Shouzhu , Yang Chi , Yuan Qunhui , Wagberg Thomas , Hu Guangzhi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMesoporous materials have exceptional properties for application owing to their ability to absorb and interact with guest species. A novel MgO/OMC composite with mesoporous structure was successfully synthesized via in situ magnesiothermic reduction. The structure was confirmed by N2 sorption isotherms, X‐ray diffraction pattern (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By using nafion and bismuth films as co‐modifiers, the MgO/OMC composite material shows high sensitivity of 0.113 μA ⋅ L μg−1 and lower background current for electrochemical determination of lead ion (Pb2+) by using anodic stripping voltammetry. The high specific surface area and good mass transfer on the proposed mesoporous material, as well as the outstanding adsorption abilities of MgO to metal ions and the excellent conductivity of the carbon skeleton contribute to the enhanced electrochemical response of Pb2+. As the stripping response of Bi/MgO/OMC‐Nafion/PGE is highly linear (R2=0.998) over a Pb2+ concentration range of 2 to 300 μg/L, it was successfully used to analyse Pb2+ in real tap‐water samples with good recoveries.
In Situ Fabrication of Tungsten Diphosphide Nanoparticles on Tungsten foil: A Hydrogen‐Evolution Cathode for a Wide pH Range
Authors: Pu Zonghua , Amiinu Ibrahim Saana , Mu Shichun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIdentifying non‐precious metal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen‐evolution reaction (HER) with high efficiency and stability is a considerable challenge for the hydrogen‐based energy industry. We report the preparation of WP2 nanoparticles supported on W foil (WP2 NPs/W) through phosphidation of the corresponding WO3 NPs/W precursor. This hydrogen evolution cathode shows a high HER catalytic activity with a low overpotential (j>100 mA cm−2 at η=211 mV), a small Tafel slope (66 mV dec−1), and a large exchange current density (0.09 mA cm−2) as well as excellent stability over 27 h in acidic solution. Notably, this catalyst also offers superior catalytic activity and remarkable stability under neutral and alkaline conditions. It is worth noting that, as a Pt‐free HER catalyst, WP2 NPs/W shows an electrocatalytic activity comparable to reported noble metal‐free HER electrocatalysts at all pH values. Thus, the in situ conversion method provides a pathway to fabricate highly efficient and low‐cost as well as self‐supported non‐precious‐metal electrodes for HER.
Predictive stability indicator: a novel approach to configuring a real‐time hybrid simulation
Authors: Maghareh Amin , Dyke Shirley , Rabieniaharatbar Siamak , Prakash Arun 
Published: July 2016

SummaryReal‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is an effective and versatile tool for the examination of complex structural systems with rate dependent behaviors. To meet the objectives of such a test, appropriate consideration must be given to the partitioning of the system into physical and computational portions (i.e., the configuration of the RTHS). Predictive stability and performance indicators (PSI and PPI) were initially established for use with only single degree‐of‐freedom systems. These indicators allow researchers to plan a RTHS, to quantitatively examine the impact of partitioning choices on stability and performance, and to assess the sensitivity of an RTHS configuration to de‐synchronization at the interface. In this study, PSI is extended to any linear multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) system. The PSI is obtained analytically and it is independent of the transfer system and controller dynamics, providing a relatively easy and extremely useful method to examine many partitioning choices. A novel matrix method is adopted to convert a delay differential equation to a generalized eigenvalue problem using a set of vectorization mappings, and then to analytically solve the delay differential equations in a computationally efficient way. Through two illustrative examples, the PSI is demonstrated and validated. Validation of the MDOF PSI also includes comparisons to a MDOF dynamic model that includes realistic models of the hydraulic actuators and the control‐structure interaction effects. Results demonstrate that the proposed PSI can be used as an effective design tool for conducting successful RTHS. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Damping reduction factors and code‐based design equation for structures using semi‐active viscous dampers
Authors: Kh. Hazaveh Nikoo , Rodgers Geoffrey W. , Pampanin Stefano , Chase J. Geoffrey 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis study uses a semi‐active viscous damper with three different control laws to reshape the structural hysteresis loop and mitigate structural response, referred to as 1–4, 1–3 and 2–4 devices, respectively. The 1–4 control law provides damping in all four quadrants of the force‐displacement graph (it behaves like a standard viscous damper), the 1–3 control law provides resisting forces only in the first and third quadrants, and the 2–4 control law provides damping in the second and fourth quadrants. This paper first outlines the linear single degree of freedom structural performance when the three types of semi‐active viscous dampers are applied. The results show that simultaneous reduction in both displacement and base‐shear demand is only available with the semi‐active 2–4 device. To enable guidelines for adding a 2–4 device into the design procedure, damping reduction factors (RFξs) are developed, as they play an important role and provide a means of linking devices to design procedures. Three methods are presented to obtain RFξ and equivalent viscous damping of a structure with a 2–4 semi‐active viscous damper. In the first method, the relationship between RFξ and the damping of a semi‐active structure can be obtained by calculating the area under the force‐deformation diagram. The second and third method modified the Eurocode8 formula of RFξ and smoothed results from analysis, respectively. Finally, a simple method is proposed to incorporate the design or retrofit of structures with simple, robust and reliable 2–4 semi‐active viscous dampers using standard design approaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Snapshot hyperspectral retinal imaging using compact spectral resolving detector array
Authors: Li Hao , Liu Wenzhong , Dong Biqin , Kaluzny Joel V. , Fawzi Amani A. , Zhang Hao F. 
Published: July 2016

Hyperspectral retinal imaging captures the light spectrum from each imaging pixel. It provides spectrally encoded retinal physiological and morphological information, which could potentially benefit diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of retinal diseases. The key challenges in hyperspectral retinal imaging are how to achieve snapshot imaging to avoid motions between the images from multiple spectral bands, and how to design a compact snapshot imager suitable for clinical use. Here, we developed a compact, snapshot hyperspectral fundus camera for rodents using a novel spectral resolving detector array (SRDA), on which a thin‐film Fabry–Perot cavity filter was monolithically fabricated on each imaging pixel. We achieved hyperspectral retinal imaging with 16 wavelength bands (460 to 630 nm) at 20 fps. We also demonstrated false‐color vessel contrast enhancement and retinal oxygen saturation (sO2) measurement through spectral analysis. This work could potentially bring hyperspectral retinal imaging from bench to bedside.
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Characterization of durum wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunits Bx20 and By20 sequences by a molecular and proteomic approach
Authors: Santagati Vito Davide , Sestili Francesco , Lafiandra Domenico , D'Ovidio Renato , Rogniaux Helene , Masci Stefania 
Published: July 2016

Wheat high molecular weight glutenin subunit variation is important because of its great influence on glutenin polymer structure, that is related to dough technological properties. Among the different subunits, the pair Bx20 and By20 is known to have a negative effect on quality, but the reasons are not clear: Bx20 has two cysteines, which theoretically make this subunit a chain extender of the glutenin polymer, just like the other Bx subunits, showing four cysteines, two of which should be involved in intra‐molecular disulfide bonds. By20 has never been characterized so far at molecular level. Here we report the nucleotide sequences of Bx20 and By20 genes isolated from the durum wheat cultivar ‘Lira 45’ and the validation of the corresponding deduced amino acid sequences by using MALDI‐TOF and LC‐MS/MS. Four nucleotide differences were identified in the Bx20 gene with respect to the deduced sequence present in NCBI, causing two amino acid substitutions. For the By20 subunit, nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed a great similarity to By15, both at gene and protein levels, showing five nucleotide changes generating two amino acid differences. No evidence of post‐translational modifications has been found.Hypotheses are formulated in regard to relationships with technological quality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐Term Impacts of Post‐Fire Mulching on Ground‐Dwelling Arthropod Communities in a Eucalypt Plantation
Authors: Puga João Ricardo Lavoura , Abrantes Nelson José Cabaços , de Oliveira Maria João Saraiva , Vieira Diana Catarina Simões , Faria Silvia Regina , Gonçalves Fernando , Keizer Jan Jacob 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the past decades, Portugal like several other Mediterranean countries has been affected by frequent wildfires. This has led to various field tests of post‐fire soil conservation measures and, in particular, mulching with forest slash residues. While forest residue mulching was shown to be highly effective in reducing post‐fire erosion, its side effects on soil fauna communities have not been studied and are also difficult to predict from the – scarce – literature on mulch effects in general. Therefore, this study compared the abundance, diversity and taxonomic and functional composition of the ground‐dwelling arthropod communities of three mulched and, as control, three untreated erosion plots of roughly 100 m2 that had been installed in a eucalypt plantation almost immediately after a wildfire in 2010, some five years earlier. This was done using three pitfall traps per plot, placed at the lower, middle and upper part of the study slope. Roughly five years after mulching, its impacts on the ground‐dwelling arthropod were rather limited, especially compared to its effect on overall soil erosion rates. One of the few exceptions was the abundance of the Hymenoptera – one of the most frequently occurring orders – which was significantly lower in the mulched than control plots. This and other near significant mulching impacts found in this study plainly justify a follow‐up study on short‐term effects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Critical Review of the Water Balance and Agronomic Effects of Conservation Tillage under Rain‐fed Agriculture in Ethiopia
Authors: Asmamaw Desale Kidane 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAbout 80% of Ethiopia's population is involved in rain‐fed agriculture. Moisture stress coupled with traditional tillage with breaking ard plough, locally known as ‘Maresha’ are the major limiting factors for agricultural production. Soil erosion, low infiltration and decline agricultural productivity because of conventional tillage implement have been frequently reported. In order to curve this situation and meet the huge food demand of the growing population, different conservation tillage systems have been implemented. However, there is limited information about the impacts of the practices. This review paper therefore aimed at providing adequate information concerning the impacts of the practices on water balance and crop yield. Systematic, best evidence and narrative review techniques were used. Results revealed that the application of conservation tillage had brought significant improvement on water balance and agricultural production. Researchers found over 50% decreased in surface runoff, 9 to 40% improvement in water productivity and good crop transpiration (T = 53 mm season−1), compared to conventional tillage T = 49 mm‐season−1 because of conservation tillage implement. Moreover, doubled grain yield was obtained from ridging, subsoiling and wing plough (1076, 1044 and 1040 kg ha−1, respectively) compared to traditional tillage which resulted in 540 kg ha−1. Improving water balance and agricultural production in rain‐fed agriculture need to reduce evaporation and surface runoff through improving moisture retention and transpiration. This could be achieved by the adoption of conservation tillage which can improve on‐farm water balance, yields and water productivity among smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Assessment of Soil Loss Due to Wind Erosion in European Agricultural Soils Using a Quantitative Spatially Distributed Modelling Approach
Authors: Borrelli P. , Lugato E. , Montanarella L. , Panagos P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractField measurements and observations have shown that wind erosion is a threat for numerous arable lands in the European Union (EU). Wind erosion affects both the semi‐arid areas of the Mediterranean region as well as the temperate climate areas of the northern European countries. Yet, there is still a lack of knowledge, which limits the understanding about where, when and how heavily wind erosion is affecting European arable lands. Currently, the challenge is to integrate the insights gained by recent pan‐European assessments, local measurements, observations and field‐scale model exercises into a new generation of regional‐scale wind erosion models. This is an important step to make the complex matter of wind erosion dynamics more tangible for decision‐makers and to support further research on a field‐scale level. A geographic information system version of the Revised Wind Erosion Equation was developed to (i) move a step forward into the large‐scale wind erosion modelling; (ii) evaluate the soil loss potential due to wind erosion in the arable land of the EU; and (iii) provide a tool useful to support field‐based observations of wind erosion. The model was designed to predict the daily soil loss potential at a ca. 1 km2 spatial resolution. The average annual soil loss predicted by geographic information system Revised Wind Erosion Equation in the EU arable land totalled 0·53 Mg ha−1 y−1, with the second quantile and the fourth quantile equal to 0·3 and 1·9 Mg ha−1 y−1, respectively. The cross‐validation shows a high consistency with local measurements reported in literature. © 2016 The Authors. Land Degradation and Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.