bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring mathematical wellbeing across cultures: insights from diverse students
Authors: Hunter Jodie , Hill Julia L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcross many countries, including New Zealand, diverse groups including indigenous, migrant, and marginalised communities, are under-represented in mathematics, as evidenced by achievement disparities and disengagement from higher-level mathematics. Both research and policy have focused on developing equitable education outcomes for all students. A key aspect of this is wellbeing, including within mathematics classrooms, which includes identifying classroom environments that enable wellbeing. This study examines mathematical wellbeing (MWB) across different ethnicities and genders, with a case study focus on students from Pacific heritages. Analysing qualitative responses from over 12,000 diverse students revealed that positive relationships in the mathematics classroom were most commonly associated with students’ MWB. Accomplishment and cognitive factors, including mathematical accuracy, learning new things, and understanding, were also identified as important. Minor gender differences emerged, with female students emphasising mathematical understanding, accuracy, and relationships more than male students. The Pacific student case study highlighted the importance of both cognitive aspects (learning new things and understanding) and relationships (peer and teacher support), uncovering an alignment between cultural values and MWB. This study empirically confirms seven universal values supporting student MWB, previously identified in Australian and Chinese contexts, suggesting that teachers internationally may align pedagogical practices with these values to support most students’ MWB. However, the instrumental values serving these universal values appear culturally unique. This research contributes novel insights to the field by examining wellbeing with a subject-specific focus through student-generated responses, offering implications for developing more equitable and culturally inclusive mathematics classrooms.
Post-Traumatic Hypopituitarism
Authors: Blocher Nissa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently effects the integrity and function of the anterior and/or posterior pituitary gland. This review will cover the current understanding of post-trauma hypopituitarism (PTHP) including frequency, risk factors, screening, and treatment.

Recent Findings
There is continuingly increased data on frequency of hormone deficiencies over time. This has created a push for algorithms to guide screening. Oxytocin is emerging as a potential target for treatment, but data is mixed and no treatment has been tested. There is significantly increased data regarding the long-term effect of growth hormone (GH) deficiency on metabolism and on the liver, which is driving renewed recommendations for consideration of GH replacement.

Summary
Pituitary dysfunction after TBI is frequent and has significant impact on morbidity, mortality, and recovery. If recognized, basic treatment is straightforward, though many gaps remain in our knowledge. Future work should focus on ideal screening strategies and treatment optimization.
Effects of AI-based technologies on employees’ work engagement: Implications for the human-centered design of digital work
Authors: Rick Vera B. , Stebner Marie , Dräger Larissa , Franken Annika , Mertens Alexander , Nitsch Verena 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn important goal of the Regional Competence Center AKzentE4.0 is to support companies in the Rhineland region in designing their digital transformation in a human-friendly way based on scientific findings. In order to derive evidence-based guidelines for the humane design of AI-supported work, further insights are needed into how the use of AI affects characteristics of humane work design and how this differs from the general use of digital technologies. To this end, a secondary analysis of a questionnaire study conducted in the context of AKzentE4.0 was carried out. The analyzed dataset included responses from N = 825 digital information workers. Two central research questions were analyzed: 1. Does the perception of work engagement differ between users and non-users of AI systems? 2. Which characteristics of human-centered work design predict work engagement when working with AI and are there differences compared to those who do not work with AI?Practical Relevance: The results show that a human-centered and humane design of AI-supported work should focus on providing meaningful tasks for employees, support from supervisors and preserving employees’ autonomy. Particularly, the aspect of meaningful work can be threatened by technology. For AI systems to be effective in the workplace in terms of maintaining health and promoting learning, care should be taken to ensure that they can support work in a targeted way and do not replace, but rather promote meaningful work tasks. Employees, with the support of their managers, should also be able to control the use of AI systems to maintain greater autonomy and agency.
Interdisciplinarity in cultural gerontology and geriatric medical humanities – a bibliometric survey
Authors: Waldron Emily , Wakefield Katherine , O’Neill Desmond 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Cultural gerontology – understanding ageing through the lens of arts and humanities—has emerged as an important element of epistemology of ageing. As a boundary area between geriatric medicine/gerontology and arts/humanities disciplines, joint-working/interdisciplinarity is desirable. This project aims to assess the degree of joint-working manifested in cultural gerontology by authorship and acknowledgements in papers dedicated to cultural gerontology in five journals.

Methods
Observational survey of authorship in 5 journals from the founding of the specific sections on cultural gerontology or specific dedicated journals, assessing number of authors, disciplinary identities, and evidence of joint working within cultural gerontology.

Results
Of 591 papers, 481 (81%) were single authors. There was a spread of disciplinary affiliations, 247 (41.8%) gerontology/age studies, 169 arts/humanities/social sciences (28.6%) and 133 of uncertain affiliation (22.5%): only 38 papers had a clear indication of joint working across the disciplines (6.4%). In the two geriatric medicine journals, European Geriatric Medicine and Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, authorship was almost exclusively from geriatric medicine/gerontology. There was extremely limited use of acknowledgements.

Conclusion
Our study indicates that single authorship is the most frequent mode of peer-reviewed publishing in cultural gerontology, whilst acknowledging that some authors may have scholarly training in multiple fields but are listed as unidisciplinary. Leaders in the field and editors of relevant journals/section need to consider ways of encouraging and recognising joint working, through fuller descriptions of multiple affiliations, brief author biographies, fuller use of acknowledgements and consideration of brief accompanying discussant responses from complementary disciplines.
Potential use of bacteriophages as biocontrol agents against multidrug-resistant pathogens in wastewater treatment: a review
Authors: Ragab Samar , Mustafa Mohamed Kamal , Hassan Yara Y. , Nasr Alaa , Hady Bassant H. Abd El , El-Shibiny Ayman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe conventional methods of wastewater treatment are essentially used to remove contaminants and pathogens from wastewater before it is released into the environment or used for other purposes. With the increasing number of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) organisms in wastewater, the potential usefulness of conventional treatment methods has been re-evaluated. The conventional biological treatment and disinfection have been proven in many studies to increase the prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance Genes (ARG) in bacteria. More than 25 genes responsible for antibiotic resistance were found to be increased from influent to effluent in different Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs). Additionally, many studies have discussed the high abundance of several Mobile Genetic Elements (MGEs) after disinfection by chlorination and ozonation. Bacteriophage-based therapy has emerged as an innovative method for effectively managing microorganisms in wastewater treatment and in various other applications. Bacteriophages can be utilized to kill pathogenic bacteria and eradicate the biofilms formed by the bacteria in wastewater treatment plants with low intrinsic toxicity. However, the use of bacteriophages has been associated with some limitations, including the narrow host range spectrum. This review provides a critical overview of the recent knowledge on the effect of biological treatment and disinfection on spreading antibiotic resistance. In addition, we highlight the interactions among bacteria and phages to sustain the water treatment process. We also emphasize the proposed improvement in wastewater treatment using bacteriophage-based therapy. Our focus is identifying gaps, opportunities, and critical concerns that should be addressed in further research.
Environmental factors that regulate Vibrio spp. abundance and community structure in tropical waters
Authors: Wong Yi You , Lee Choon Weng , Bong Chui Wei , Lim Joon Hai , Ng Ching Ching , Narayanan Kumaran , Sim Edmund Ui Hang , Wang Ai-jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVibrio spp. is a group of heterotrophic bacteria that are ubiquitous in marine habitats, with various ecological and clinical importance. This study investigated the environmental factors that regulate Vibrio spp. dynamics in various tropical marine habitats, including nearshore (an estuary and a coastal beach) and offshore transects located northwest and southeast of Peninsular Malaysia, while focusing on the distribution of attached and free-living Vibrio spp., population growth, and community composition. The results showed that > 85% of the Vibrio spp. in nearshore waters occurred in attached form and correlated positively to total suspended solids (TSS) and Chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentrations. On the other hand, Vibrio spp. growth rates were positively correlated to dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations, but negatively correlated to total bacterial counts, likely due to resource competition. In addition, high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA V3-V4 region showed that Vibrio spp. in these tropical waters contributed < 1 − 18% of the whole bacterioplankton community, and the six major Vibrio spp. taxa were V. alginolyticus group, V. brasiliensis, V. caribbeanicus, V. hepatarius group, V. splendidus group and V. thalassae. db-RDA (cumulative variance explicated = 93.53%) further revealed the influence of TSS, DOC, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) to the Vibrio spp. community profiles. The study highlighted the importance of suspended solids (TSS and Chl a) and dissolved organic nutrients (DOC and DON) towards Vibrio spp. dynamics in tropical marine waters.
Optimal Beef Cow Culling Strategies in the U.S.: A Dynamic Linear Programing Framework
Authors: Erol Erdal , Dillon Carl R. , Burdine Kenneth H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study explores the economics of culling decisions in cow-calf operations in the Southern U.S. with a novel application of a dynamic mathematical programing model. The results provide an optimal culling strategy under the base model and a range of optimal strategies that vary with respect to different components such as fertility probabilities, prices, replacement costs, and pregnancy checking. The results suggest that producers should cull all cows that are older than age 10 and cows that fail to calve once they reach the age of 7. The sensitivity analysis underlines the impact of market conditions, replacement costs, and pregnancy check use on the optimal culling decisions.
“He who tills has the right to eat”: “Development” and the Politics of Agrarian Reform in late 1940s and early 1950s Sindh
Authors: Ansari Sarah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn post-Independence South Asia, the spotlight often fell on land reform, such as the zamindari abolition that took place in parts of India after 1947. In Pakistan, the issue of land redistribution also surfaced periodically in the decades following independence. But, as the case of Sindh in the late 1940 and early 1950s reveals, the focus was on how to ‘modernize’ tenancy arrangements rather than achieving more equitable land reallocation, since—for some contemporaries—left unchanged these represented a major impediment to increasing agricultural productivity, and hence Pakistan’s overall development. This article explores the context in which Sindh’s 1947-48 Hari Committee of Enquiry was set up and its various recommendations that proved controversial, together with responses to the legislation (1950 Sind Tenancy Act) that followed, highlighting the role of officials and peasant representatives, and shedding light on this important but largely overlooked episode of development-related policy-making in Pakistan’s early years.
Lifestyle intervention and support preferences to maximize health outcomes in adolescent bariatric surgery patients
Authors: Allicock Marlyn A. , King Rashon , Francis Jackson , Mathew M. Sunil , Polavarapu Dhatri , Wheelington Alicia , Misserian Maral , Cartwright Bethany R. , Adewunmi Adejumoke , Chandrasekhar Aparajita , Qureshi Faisal G. , Barlow Sarah E. , Messiah Sarah E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is safe and efficacious for adolescents with severe obesity. Pairing MBS with behavioral lifestyle interventions may be effective for optimizing treatment outcomes. However, no standardized program exists. Adolescent perspectives are critical to understanding how to design interventions to enhance engagement, sustain motivation, and meet informational needs for pre- and post-MBS self-management behaviors. The aim of this study was to develop an MBS lifestyle support intervention built on evidence-based content with input from adolescents and their families.

Methods:
A mixed-methods design identified adolescent preferences for MBS lifestyle support. Data were collected from a racially and ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 17, 76% females, 24% males 41.2% non-Hispanic Black, 41.2% Hispanic/Latino, 11.8% non-Hispanic White, 5.8% Other) and their mothers (N = 13, 38.4% Hispanic) recruited from an MBS clinic. Quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews assessed preferred types of pre-post MBS content, modality, frequency, and delivery platforms to inform the design of the intervention. Mixed methods data were triangulated to provide a comprehensive understanding of adolescent/parent preferences.

Results:
Adolescents prioritized eating well, managing stress, and maintaining motivation as desired support strategies. Parents identified parental support groups and nutrition guidance as priorities. Peer support and social media platforms were identified as key approaches for boosting motivation and engagement.

Conclusions:
The patient voice is an important first step in understanding how, and whether behavioral lifestyle programs combined with MBS for weight management can be optimized. Adolescent preferences may enhance program fit and identify health behavior supports needed to sustain behavior change.
Deadly yet Preventable? Lessons From South Korea’s Halloween Crowd Crush
Authors: Su Zhaohui , Cheshmehzangi Ali , Bentley Barry L. , McDonnell Dean , Ahmad Junaid , Šegalo Sabina , da Veiga Claudimar P. , Xiang Yu-Tao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Avoidable disasters are both saddening and baffling. In 2022, 159 people, mostly in their 20s, and 30s were crushed to death in Itaewon’s narrow alleyway amid South Korea’s first pandemic-restrictions-free Halloween celebration. What is particularly sobering about this tragedy is that although many people called police hotlines as crowds became cramped and static, their calls went unheeded for hours. Rather than order independent investigations into the catastrophe (as of January 2024), the President of South Korea at the time focused on superficial issues such as asking the public to refer to the disaster as an “accident” (which it was not, it was an avoidable disaster) and the casualties as “the dead” (who are casualties indeed, instead of victims of a preventable tragedy). In this paper, we examine how officials’ complacency about public health and safety dangers, ineffective disaster prevention, and preparedness systems, as well as the government’s chronic lack of prioritization of public health and safety may have contributed to the disaster. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of creating integrated public health and safety protection systems to prevent similar tragedies from happening.
Standards for Including Scientific Evidence in Restrictions on Freedom of Movement: The Case of EU Covid Certificates Scheme
Authors: Quinn Paul , Fabcic Povse Danaja 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Compared to previous secondary legislation, Article 11 of the Digital Covid Certificates regulations was remarkably explicit in its requirement for Member States to consider scientific evidence when restricting free movement for the certificate holders. However, we argue in this Article that the regulations achieved a partial codification of the existent case law of the CJEU rather than imposing any additional requirements. Namely, the case law had already required Member States to rely on scientific evidence that reflects the international consensus, that is relevant and up to date, and that the evidence had to demonstrate by means of a risk assessment a real risk to the public health. We also discuss these findings in the light of the proportionality and precautionary principles and suggest that understanding the evolution of the EU legal order’s evidentiary requirements is useful in the light of the legislator’s claim of objective and rational policy-making procedures in public health and other crises.
A Robust Governance for the AI Act: AI Office, AI Board, Scientific Panel, and National Authorities
Authors: Novelli Claudio , Hacker Philipp , Morley Jessica , Trondal Jarle , Floridi Luciano 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Regulation is nothing without enforcement. This particularly holds for the dynamic field of emerging technologies. Hence, this article has two ambitions. First, it explains how the EU’s new Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) may be implemented and enforced by various institutional bodies, thus clarifying the governance framework of the AIA. Second, it proposes a normative governance model, providing recommendations to ensure uniform and coordinated execution of the AIA and the fulfillment of the legislation. The article explores how the AIA may be implemented by national and EU institutional bodies, encompassing longstanding bodies, such as the European Commission, and those newly established under the AIA, such as the AI Office. It investigates their roles across supranational and national levels, emphasising how EU regulations influence institutional structures and operations. These regulations may not only directly dictate the structural design of institutions but also indirectly request administrative capacities needed to enforce the AIA.
The dutch draw: constructing a universal baseline for binary classification problems
Authors: van de Bijl Etienne , Klein Jan , Pries Joris , Bhulai Sandjai , Hoogendoorn Mark , van der Mei Rob 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Novel prediction methods should always be compared to a baseline to determine their performance. Without this frame of reference, the performance score of a model is basically meaningless. What does it mean when a model achieves an

$F_1$

of 0.8 on a test set? A proper baseline is, therefore, required to evaluate the ‘goodness’ of a performance score. Comparing results with the latest state-of-the-art model is usually insightful. However, being state-of-the-art is dynamic, as newer models are continuously developed. Contrary to an advanced model, it is also possible to use a simple dummy classifier. However, the latter model could be beaten too easily, making the comparison less valuable. Furthermore, most existing baselines are stochastic and need to be computed repeatedly to get a reliable expected performance, which could be computationally expensive. We present a universal baseline method for all binary classification models, named the Dutch Draw (DD). This approach weighs simple classifiers and determines the best classifier to use as a baseline. Theoretically, we derive the DD baseline for many commonly used evaluation measures and show that in most situations it reduces to (almost) always predicting either zero or one. Summarizing, the DD baseline is general, as it is applicable to any binary classification problem; simple, as it can be quickly determined without training or parameter tuning; and informative, as insightful conclusions can be drawn from the results. The DD baseline serves two purposes. First, it is a robust and universal baseline that enables comparisons across research papers. Second, it provides a sanity check during the prediction model’s development process. When a model does not outperform the DD baseline, it is a major warning sign.
The effects of lead (Pb) and pest damage on soil enzyme activities, pakchoi and Spodoptera litura performance
Authors: Liu Huiyang , Shi Yimeng , Zou Yuxuan , Song Zaiya , Tian Huai , Yang Xianjun , Li Xiaohong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPlant–soil interactions have bottom–up and top–down effects within a plant community. Heavy metal pollution can change plant–soil interactions, directly influence bottom–up effects and indirectly affect herbivores within the community. In turn, herbivores can affect plant–soil interactions through top–down effects. However, the combined effects of heavy metals and herbivores on soil enzymes, plants and herbivores have rarely been reported. Therefore, the effects of lead (Pb), Spodoptera litura and their combined effects on soil enzyme activities, pakchoi nutrition, defence compounds and S. litura fitness were examined here. Results showed that Pb, S. litura and their combined effects significantly affected soil enzymes, pakchoi and S. litura. Specifically, exposure to double stress (Pb and S. litura) decreased soil urease, phosphatase and sucrase activities compared with controls. Furthermore, the soluble protein and sugar contents of pakchoi decreased, and the trypsin inhibitor content and antioxidant enzyme activity increased. Finally, the S. litura development period was extended, and survival, emergence rates and body weight decreased after exposure to double stress. The combined stress of Pb and S. litura significantly decreased soil enzyme activities. Heavy metal accumulation in plants may create a superposition or synergistic effect with heavy metal-mediated plant chemical defence, further suppressing herbivore development. Pb, S. litura and their combined effects inhibited soil enzyme activities, improved pakchoi resistance and reduced S. litura development. The results reveal details of soil–plant–herbivore interactions and provide a reference for crop pest control management in the presence of heavy metal pollution.