bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust optimization incorporating weekly predicted anatomical CTs in IMPT of nasopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Chan Mark Ka Heng , Zhang Ying 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. This study proposes a robust optimization (RO) strategy utilizing virtual CTs (vCTs) predicted by an anatomical model in intensity–modulated proton therapy (IMPT) for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC). Methods and Materials. For ten NPC patients, vCTs capturing anatomical changes at different treatment weeks were generated using a population average anatomy model. Two RO strategies of a 6 beams IMPT with 3 mm setup uncertainty (SU) and 3% range uncertainty (RU) were compared: conventional robust optimization (cRO) based on a single planning CT (pCT), and anatomical RO incorporating 2 and 3 predicted anatomies (aRO2 and aRO3). The robustness of these plans was assessed by recalculating them on weekly CTs (week 2–7) and extracting the voxel wise–minimum and maximum doses with 1 mm SU and 3% RU (voxmin\voxmax1mm3%). Results. The aRO plans demonstrated improved robustness in high-risk CTV1 and low-risk CTV 2 coverage compared to cRO plans. The weekly evaluation showed a lower plan adaptation rate for aRO3 (40%) vs. cRO (70%). The weekly nominal and voxmax1mm3% doses to OARs, especially spinal cord, are better controlled relative to their baseline doses at week 1 with aRO plans. The accumulated dose analysis showed that CTV1&2 had adequate coverage and serial organs (spinal cord and brainstem) were within their dose tolerances in the voxmin\voxmax1mm3%, respectively. Conclusion. Incorporating predicted weekly CTs from a population based average anatomy model in RO improves week–to–week target dose coverage and reduces false plan adaptations without increasing normal tissue doses. This approach enhances IMPT plan robustness, potentially facilitating reduced SU and further lowering OAR doses.
Key issues review: useful autonomous quantum machines
Authors: Antonio Marín Guzmán José , Erker Paul , Gasparinetti Simone , Huber Marcus , Yunger Halpern Nicole 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Controlled quantum machines have matured significantly. A natural next step is to increasingly grant them autonomy, freeing them from time-dependent external control. For example, autonomy could pare down the classical control wires that heat and decohere quantum circuits; and an autonomous quantum refrigerator recently reset a superconducting qubit to near its ground state, as is necessary before a computation. Which fundamental conditions are necessary for realizing useful autonomous quantum machines? Inspired by recent quantum thermodynamics and chemistry, we posit conditions analogous to DiVincenzo’s criteria for quantum computing. Furthermore, we illustrate the criteria with multiple autonomous quantum machines (refrigerators, circuits, clocks, etc) and multiple candidate platforms (neutral atoms, molecules, superconducting qubits, etc). Our criteria are intended to foment and guide the development of useful autonomous quantum machines.
Design and Performance of the Upgraded Mid-infrared Spectrometer and Imager (MIRSI) on the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility
Authors: Hora Joseph L. , Trilling David E. , López-Oquendo Andy J. , Smith Howard A. , Mommert Michael , Moskovitz Nicholas , Foster Chris , Connelley Michael S. , Lockhart Charles , Rayner John T. , Bus Schelte J. , Watanabe Darryl , Bergknut Lars , Bonnet Morgan , Tokunaga Alan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We describe the new design and current performance of the Mid-InfraRed Spectrometer and Imager (MIRSI) on the NASA Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). The system has been converted from a liquid nitrogen/liquid helium cryogen system to one that uses a closed-cycle cooler, which allows it to be kept on the telescope at operating temperature and available for observing on short notice, requiring less effort by the telescope operators and day crew to maintain operating temperature. Several other enhancements have been completed, including new detector readout electronics, an IRTF-style standard instrument user interface, new stepper motor driver electronics, and an optical camera that views the same field as the mid-IR instrument using a cold dichroic mirror, allowing for guiding and/or simultaneous optical imaging. The instrument performance is presented, both with an engineering-grade array used from 2021 to 2023, and a science-grade array installed in the fall of 2023. Some sample astronomical results are also shown. The upgraded MIRSI is a facility instrument at the IRTF available to all users.
Prediction of performance and turbulence in ITER burning plasmas via nonlinear gyrokinetic profile prediction
Authors: Howard N.T. , Rodriguez-Fernandez P. , Holland C. , Candy J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Burning plasma performance, transport, and the effect of hydrogen isotope (H, D, D-T fuel mix) on confinement has been predicted for ITER baseline scenario (IBS) conditions using nonlinear gyrokinetic profile predictions. Accelerated by surrogate modeling (Rodriguez-Fernandez et al 2022 Nucl. Fusion
62 076036), high fidelity, nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations performed with the CGYRO code (Candy et al 2016 J. Comput. Phys.
324 73), were used to predict profiles of Ti
, Te
, and ne
while including the effects of alpha heating, auxiliary power (NBI + ECH), collisional energy exchange, and radiation losses inside of

r

/

a

= 0.9. Predicted profiles and resulting energy confinement are found to produce fusion power and gain that are approximately consistent with mission goals (

P
fusion

=
500

MW at Q = 10) for the baseline scenario and exhibit energy confinement that is within 1σ of the H-mode energy confinement scaling. The power of the surrogate modeling technique is demonstrated through the prediction of alternative ITER scenarios with reduced computational cost. These scenarios include conditions with maximized fusion gain and an investigation of potential resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) effects on performance with a minimal number of gyrokinetic profile iterations required (3–6). These predictions highlight the stiff ITG nature of the core turbulence predicted in the ITER baseline and demonstrate that

Q
>

17 conditions may be accessible by reducing auxiliary input power while operating in IBS conditions. Prediction of full kinetic profiles allowed for the projection of hydrogen isotope effects around ITER baseline conditions. The gyrokinetic fuel ion species was varied from H, D, and 50/50 D-T and kinetic profiles were predicted. Results indicate that a weak or negligible isotope effect will be observed to arise from core turbulence in IBS conditions. The resulting energy confinement, turbulence, and density peaking, and the implications for ITER operations will be discussed.
Finite Element Analysis of the Stresses Induced in Dilution Tube Made of High Resistance Alloy
Authors: Manjunatha C J , Bino Prince Raja D , Suresh C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a finite element analysis of the stresses induced in a dilution tube made of a high- resistance alloy. The dilution tube is a crucial component in the combustion chamber of an aircraft engine, where it serves to create a uniform mixture for combustion by diluting the pressurised atomized air. The dilution tube is manufactured through a five-stage drawing process, each consisting of tube drawing followed by heat treatment. The primary objective of the study is to model the dilution tube according to specification and analyse the stress and strain induced at each stage of the drawing process. The analysis is conducted using the finite element solver. The study considers the impact of temperature on the dilution tube. The results of the analysis provide valuable insights into the performance of the dilution tube under different conditions and can inform design and optimisation efforts
Simulation of variable thickness aluminum alloy plate casting
Authors: Reddy G. S. , Hafeez Md. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The simulation of variable thickness aluminum alloy plate casting is investigated to understand the solidification process and mitigate macro shrinkage in castings. Aluminium alloys offer versatile properties suitable for diverse applications, gaining prominence, especially in electric vehicle manufacturing. Incorporating rare earth elements like Nd into aluminum alloys enhances corrosion resistance, while grain refinement treatments further augment this attribute. This study utilizes sand molds with varying thicknesses to cast Al-13%Si alloy into variable-thickness plate casting. Simulation outcomes reveal the absence of shrinkage porosity, with the last solidification events occurring in risers and sprue. Silicon’s role in reducing shrinkage porosity is highlighted, alongside advancements in grain refinement techniques for enhanced mechanical properties. The temperature distribution and cooling curves affirm directional solidification, aligning with desired temperature gradients. The manuscript underscores the dependence of simulation results on quality input data, emphasizing the critical role of temperature-dependent properties and initial boundary conditions. The continuous audit of simulation process data, focusing on fundamentals such as turbulence, modulus ratios, and directional solidification, is identified as essential for refining predictive models. This study contributes to the continuous improvement philosophy in manufacturing by providing insights into optimizing casting processes through simulations. By bridging the gap between simulation and real-world outcomes, this research enhances the reliability and applicability of solidification models, paving the way for advancements in aluminum alloy casting simulations. Notably, the automotive industry’s shift towards aluminum components underscores the importance of these findings in manufacturing practices.
Design of LCL type filter based on single-phase grid-connected inverter
Authors: Xu Jie , Zhang Haiyan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The grid-connected inverter adopts an LCL output filter, which has advantages such as low switching frequency and low output current harmonics. Compared with traditional L-type or LC-type filters, it has significant advantages. This article investigates a dual closed-loop current control strategy for LCL filters that are prone to output oscillations. By analyzing the dual closed-loop current control strategy selected in this article, a comparative analysis, calculation, and value selection of the advantages and disadvantages of the L-type, LC-type, and LCL filters are conducted. Finally, the values of each parameter of the filter are determined, and the single-phase grid-connected inverter designed is simulated on the MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation platform to demonstrate the feasibility of the selected control strategy. The established single-phase grid-connected inverter can smoothly achieve grid-connected operation and meet the required requirements.
Parameter determination and analysis of first-order gaussian-markov error model based on smartphone barometer
Authors: Zhou Peng , Liu Kai , Sheng Menggang , Zhou Chao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The measurement error of the barometer equipped in smartphones is commonly modeled as a first-order Gaussian-Markov (GM) model, with the time constant and noise variance being two important parameters for establishing the model. In this paper, the time constant and variance of the barometer sensor in smartphones were determined by the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and the autocorrelation function, and the time constant is applied to the barometer calibration to verify the rationality of the parameters. The barometric altimeter calibration utilizes GPS altitude information as an aid, and the fusion algorithm adopts Kalman filtering. A set of different time constants was established to validate the time constant obtained through autocorrelation analysis. The experimental results indicate that this parameter is reasonable and reliable, providing an experimental basis and research foundation for the parameter selection of the first-order GM model for smartphone barometric pressure sensors.
Overload suppression technology for traction transformers based on railway static power conditioner
Authors: Zeng Bingzi , Tian Mingxing , Long Zhenhua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A scheme is proposed to use a Railway Static Power Conditioner (RPC) to dynamically balance phase-to-phase active power and reduce the overload frequency of traction transformers in response to frequent overload alarms and trips in some substations of the Lanxin Line. Firstly, on-site research on the daily load situation and overload situation of a V/v connection traction substation on the Lanxin Line was conducted in the past two years, using Origin to process the collected data and obtain the distribution patterns of power, voltage, etc., in the substation; Secondly, a control strategy and simulation model for RPC under extreme load current flow in the power supply arm are proposed in MATLAB/Simulink. The response effect and self-characteristics of parallel RPC under different load changes are simulated. Based on the assessment criteria of whether the transformer has experienced overload, simulation results show that after the RPC is put into operation, the three-phase grid side current is balanced, and under the same load conditions, the overload alarm and trip frequency are significantly reduced. The simulation results have verified that the installation of RPC can achieve power balance between phases on the feeder side, effectively improve the three-phase power quality on the grid side, reduce the overload of traction transformers, and improve the utilization rate of existing traction transformers.
A high gain and low noise instrument amplifier
Authors: Li Mengyao , Wu Chuanqi , Shang Yuzhe , Zhou Jian , Wei Qiao , Tang Xinggang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a 2-op-topology instrument amplifier with high gain and low noise. Adopting a low-power chopping amplification technology that does not require additional LPF, the maximum equivalent input noise at a unit gain is only 9.38 NV/√ Hz. The Loop gain is up to 170 dB by using the gain-boosting technology. It can achieve 1 to 32 times adjustable gain and effectively drive 24-bit ADC. It is suitable for various fields such as biomedical and brain-computer neurology that require weak signal acquisition and amplification systems.
Method of mechanical state diagnosis of high-voltage circuit breakers based on SSA-VMD and PSO-SVM
Authors: Qi Runze , Wang Zhijuan , Peng Bohao , Wei Binbin , Cao Shi , Liu Qinzhe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper researches the fault diagnosis of 40.5 kV porcelain-column circuit breakers by using the SSA-VMD-based feature extraction method and PSO-SVM-based fault recognition analysis. To avoid insufficient signal decomposition or mode mixing caused by empirically determining the parameter K of variational mode decomposition, the Sparrow optimization algorithm is employed to determine an appropriate number of decomposition modes, and VMD is used to decompose vibration signals and extract signal features. Particle swarm optimization is utilized to optimize the selection of parameters for the support vector machine. MATLAB analysis results demonstrate that the PSO-SVM method shows a significant improvement in recognition accuracy compared to traditional SVM methods. The proposed approach exhibits good performance in fault diagnosis, avoiding issues related to inappropriate algorithm parameter selection that could lead to decreased recognition accuracy. This study provides reliable technical means and theoretical support for health monitoring and maintenance of power equipment.
Study on the impact of disorganized charging of scaled electric vehicles connected to the distribution network
Authors: Li Yuting , Shu Jiao , Xie Peng , Liu Hua , Long Yu , Jiang Tao , Zheng Chun , Luo Luping , Ma Rui , Liu Tianyi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAiming at the stochasticity of electric vehicle user charging, an electric vehicle time distribution model is established. Based on the IEEE33 distribution system, the Monte Carlo method is used to simulate the scaled electric vehicle disordered charging access to the distribution network and to study the change of the total system network loss and the mean value of the voltage specification when charging random loads access to different nodes. Next, the three-phase unbalanced metrics are observed at the EV access nodes. The results show that the charging load access to different distribution network nodes has an obvious impact on power quality. Finally, further EV grid optimization measures are given.
Research on the gap value and optimization of 500 kV large span tower head
Authors: Liu Chunlin , Wang Chaoqun , Zhang Junfeng , Jin Miao , Bao Hua , Zhu Bo , Lin Xiaohan , Bai Hao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The large span section is the weak link of the transmission line, to optimize the tower head design of a large span tower, this paper considers the influence of different factors on the simulation results and proposes a lightning gap value and optimization scheme of the tower head. Firstly, according to the design specification and the actual space requirements of the tower, the value of the gap between the insulator and the air is analyzed. Then, the simulation model based on the leader development method is established by ATP-EMTP. According to the characteristics of a high tower and large span in a large span section, the improved multi-wave impedance model is used to calculate the lightning withstand level and tripping rate of back striking and shielding failure in a large span section. The results show that the lightning arrester installed on the straight tower will greatly improve the lightning resistance performance of the line, so that the lightning trip-out rate is reduced by 40.75 %, and the lightning overvoltage air gap at the tower head can be reduced by 1 m. At this time, the safe operation period is 89 years, which is conducive to reducing the height of the tower head and saving the project cost.
Research on reliable data communication optimization strategy for energy storage power stations considering link-service importance
Authors: Lin Weiwei , Xu Zhiqiang , Li Qin , Zhang Huifang , Wang Yong , He Yun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the reliability of large-capacity data transmission of energy storage power stations, an optimization strategy for reliable data communication of energy storage power stations considering the importance of link service is proposed. Firstly, a link risk degree equilibrium optimization model is constructed based on the data communication network of energy storage power stations, and business importance classification is considered. Then, based on considering the link risk degree of the importance of the service, a data communication optimization method is proposed, which takes the minimum network risk balance as the optimization goal, the service transmission delay, and the link bandwidth occupied by the service as the constraints. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed formula is verified by experiments. Compared with the comparative method, this method considers the reliability of hierarchical business transmission while meeting latency and bandwidth requirements. It can achieve effective link risk balance, improving the reliability of high-capacity data transmission in energy storage power stations.
A high integration side-fed rectangular microstrip antenna based on the sapphire substrate
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhou Yang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The sapphire substrate has advantages such as high dielectric constant and low loss, excellent thermal stability, outstanding chemical stability, excellent mechanical properties, and optical transparency. This paper studied a high integration feedback rectangular microstrip antenna based on a sapphire substrate, replacing traditional FR4 substrates and PCBs, among other dielectrics, greatly enhancing the performance of the newly designed side-fed rectangular microstrip antenna in terms of integration, intelligent application, and adaptability. The designed high integration feedback rectangular microstrip antenna has a resonant frequency of 2.4 GHz, with the antenna size reduced by 50%, achieving good antenna radiation performance, which has a wide range of applications across various industries and technologies due to their compact size, lightweight, ease of fabrication, and versatility.
Taguchi-based grey relational analysis for multi-response optimization of the characteristics of HRAMMCs reinforced with agro-waste and SiC produced by ultrasonic-assisted bottom pour two-stage stir casting
Authors: Tenali Nagaraju , Ganesan G , Babu P Ravindra 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study aims to examine the impact of agricultural waste materials—specifically silicon carbide (SiC) and palm sprout shell ash (PSSA)—on the mechanical properties, including density, porosity, tensile strength, compression strength, impact strength, and hardness, as well as the tribological behavior of Al-Cu-Mg alloy-based HRAMMCs. Parametric optimization was conducted on HRAMMCs to predict the effect of input constraints on the performance of the composite, considering the weight percentage of SiC, PSSA, and ultrasonic-assisted stirring time. Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array was used for the design of experiments (DOE), and the composites were fabricated accordingly. Their physical, mechanical, and tribological properties were determined experimentally. Taguchi-based Grey Relational Analysis for multi-optimization highlighted the potential of the HRAMMCs, with a density of 2.545 g cm−3, porosity of 5.810%, ultimate tensile strength of 341 MPa, flexural strength of 321 MPa, compressive strength of 394.016 MPa, Vickers hardness of 136.883 HV, wear rate of 6.88E-12 m3 m−1, and a coefficient of friction of 0.397. ANOVA shows that the developed mathematical model is a better fit for examining the impact of various factors on the GRG of and corresponding properties of developed HRAMMCs, Indicating the R2 value of the developed model is 99.33% (0.9933). The 2 wt% SiC, 2 wt% PSSA, and a stirring time of 7 min are optimal parameters for the present HRAMMCS; to reduce porosity, wear loss, and the coefficient of friction while increasing, ultimate tensile strength, compressive strength, and Vickers microhardness. Moreover, the examination of the tensile and impact fracture surfaces and worn surfaces was carried out using SEM analysis of the alloy and composite produced under the optimal experimental conditions. The results of the fracture surface analysis indicated that the failure of both tensile and impact fractures was due to an amalgamation of ductile and brittle behaviors. The composites exhibited lower ductility than that of the base alloys. A study of the wear mechanism revealed that it was a mixture of adhesive and abrasive wear mechanisms. The SiC and PSSA ceramic reinforcements demonstrate higher hardness compared to the alloy, which restricts the fluid-like movement of the matrix. When these reinforcements were added to the alloy, they substantially decreased the occurrence of severe delamination and the formation of adhesive wear particles.