bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SCAPIS Pilot Study: Sitness, Fitness and Fatness— Is Sedentary Time Substitution by Physical Activity Equally Important for Everyone’s Markers of Glucose Regulation?
Authors: Ekblom-Bak Elin , Ekblom Örjan , Bolam Kate A. , Ekblom Björn , Bergström Göran , Börjesson Mats 
Published: February 2016

Background:Although moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is mainly recommended for glucose control, light physical activity (LIPA) may also have the potential to induce favorable changes. We investigated sedentary time (SED) substitution with equal time in LIPA and MVPA, and the association with markers of glucose regulation and insulin sensitivity after stratification by waist circumference, fitness and fasting glucose levels.Methods:A total of 654 men and women, 50 to 64 years, from the SCAPIS pilot study were included. Daily SED, LIPA and MVPA were assessed using hip-worn accelerometers. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR were determined.Results:Substituting 30 min of SED with LIPA was significantly associated with 3.0% lower fasting insulin values and 3.1% lower HOMA-IR values, with even lower levels when substituting SED with MVPA. Participants with lower fitness and participants with high fasting glucose levels benefited significantly more from substituting 30 min of SED with LIPA compared with participants with normal to high fitness levels and participants with normal glucose levels, respectively.Conclusions:LIPA, and not only MVPA, may have beneficial associations with glucose regulation. This is of great clinical and public health importance, not least because it may confer a higher compliance rate to regular PA.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Streptomyces silvensis
ATCC 53525, a Producer of Novel Hormone Antagonists
Authors: Johnston Chad W. , Li Yongchang , Magarvey Nathan A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Streptomyces silvensis
produces nonribosomal peptides that act as antagonists of the human oxytocin and vasopressin receptors. Here, we present the genome sequence of
S. silvensis
ATCC 53525 and demonstrate that this organism possesses a number of additional biosynthetic gene clusters and might be a promising source for genome-guided drug discovery efforts.
Draft Genome Sequence of Pantoea ananatis Strain AMG521, a Rice Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterial Endophyte Isolated from the Guadalquivir Marshes in Southern Spain
Authors: Megías Esaú , Megías Manuel , Ollero Francisco Javier , Hungria Mariangela 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

The rice endophyte
Pantoea ananatis
AMG521 shows several plant growth-promoting properties and promotes rice yield increases. Its draft genome was estimated at 4,891,568 bp with 4,704 coding sequences (CDS). The genome encodes genes for
N
-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) synthases, AHL hydrolases, hyperadherence (
yidQ
,
yidP
, and
yidR
)
,
fusaric acid resistance, and oxidation of lignin, highlighting its biotechnological potential.
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequence of Low-pH-Active Veillonella parvula Strain SHI-1, Isolated from Human Saliva within an
In Vitro
Oral Biofilm Model
Authors: Edlund Anna , Liu Quanhui , Watling Michael , To Thao T. , Bumgarner Roger E. , He Xuesong , Shi Wenyuan , McLean Jeffrey S. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

We announce here a draft genome sequence of
Veillonella parvula
strain SHI-1, obtained from healthy human saliva, discovered to be active at low pH using metatranscriptomics within an
in vitro
oral biofilm model. The genome is composed of 7 contigs, for a total of 2,200,064 bp.
Draft Genome Sequence of Tepidimonas taiwanensis Strain MB2, a Chemolithotrophic Thermophile Isolated from a Hot Spring in Central India
Authors: Dhakan Darshan B. , Saxena Rituja , Chaudhary Nikhil , Sharma Vineet K. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Tepidimonas taiwanensis
strain MB2 is a thermophile isolated from a hot spring located in central India. Here, we report a 2,849,160 bp draft genome sequence of
Tepidimonas taiwanensis
MB2. The genome shows properties of sulfur metabolism, nitrogen fixation, ammonia metabolism, assimilation of organic acids, and a wide variety of proteases.
Draft Genome Sequence of Type Strain Streptococcus gordonii ATCC 10558
Authors: Rasmussen Louise H. , Dargis Rimtas , Christensen Jens Jørgen , Skovgaard Ole , Nielsen Xiaohui C. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus gordonii
ATCC 10558
T
was isolated from a patient with infective endocarditis in 1946 and announced as a type strain in 1989. Here, we report the 2,154,510-bp draft genome sequence of
S. gordonii
ATCC 10558
T
. This sequence will contribute to knowledge about the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis.
Draft Whole-Genome Sequence of
Trichoderma gamsii
T6085, a Promising Biocontrol Agent of
Fusarium
Head Blight on Wheat
Authors: Baroncelli Riccardo , Zapparata Antonio , Piaggeschi Giulia , Sarrocco Sabrina , Vannacci Giovanni 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Trichoderma gamsii
T6085 is a promising beneficial isolate whose effects consist of growth inhibition of the main agents causing
Fusarium
head blight, reduction of mycotoxin accumulation, competition for wheat debris, and reduction of the disease in both the lab and the field. Here, we present the first genome assembly of a
T. gamsii
isolate, providing a useful platform for the scientific community.
Characterization of a Salivirus (
Picornaviridae
) from a Diarrheal Child in Guatemala
Authors: Ng Terry Fei Fan , Magaña Laura , Montmayeur Anna , Lopez Maria Renee , Gregoricus Nicole , Oberste M. Steven , Vinjé Jan , Nix W. Allan 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
The complete genome sequence of a salivirus was identified in a stool sample from a Guatemalan child with acute gastroenteritis during a 2009 norovirus outbreak. This genome (genotype A1 strain GUT/2009/A-1746) shares 82% to 94% genome-wide nucleotide identity with saliviruses from the United States, China, Germany, and Nigeria, representing the first salivirus sequence from Central America.
D2-brane as the wormhole and the number of the universes
Authors: Gusin Paweł 
Published: February 2016

We construct wormhole-like solutions in type IIA string theory. These solutions represent wormholes in four dimensions and are given by the D2-branes within appropriated backgrounds fields. We present the conditions on these fields which lead to the four-dimensional wormholes. In the special case, we show how the particular solution in type IIA theory leads to the dynamic wormhole. We also speculate about the number of universes and the cosmological constant.
Vertical distribution of dissolved CO
2
in lakes Nyos and Monoun (Cameroon) as estimated by sound speed in water
Authors: Saiki Kazuto , Kaneko Katsuya , Ohba Takeshi , Sanemasa Mitsuhisa , Kusakabe Minoru , Ntchantcho Romaric , Fouepe Alain , Tanyileke Gregory , Hell Joseph V. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Vertical profiles of sound speed (SS) in lake water were measured at lakes Nyos and Monoun (Cameroon) in 2012 and 2014. A significant linear correlation with Pearson's
r
of 0.987 to 0.995 between total CO
2
concentration ([CO
2
]=[CO
2(aq)
]+[HCO
3
−
]) and SS excess (Δ
v
) in water was found. Based on this correlation, we propose the SS method as a new simple tool to monitor CO
2
concentration in lakes Nyos and Monoun. We applied this method to multipoint measurements of CO
2
in lakes Nyos and Monoun, and found horizontal differences between CO
2
distributions in the two lakes. The results indicated that Lake Nyos water was stably stratified, and the total CO
2
decreased from 2012 to 2014. At Lake Monoun, which consists of three basins (the western basin, the central basin, and the main basin), waters in the western and central basins exhibited a higher dissolved CO
2
content than those in the main basin at the same depth. An increase in CO
2
was also detected in the main basin from 2012 to 2014.
PR55α Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2A Supports the Tumorigenic and Metastatic Potential of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Sustaining Hyperactive Oncogenic Signaling
Authors: Hein Ashley L. , Seshacharyulu Parthasarathy , Rachagani Satyanarayana , Sheinin Yuri M. , Ouellette Michel M. , Ponnusamy Moorthy P. , Mumby Marc C. , Batra Surinder K. , Yan Ying 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) holoenzyme consists of a catalytic subunit, a scaffold subunit, and a regulatory subunit. Based on loss-of-function analysis using PP2A catalytic inhibitors or inhibition via tumor viral antigens, limited studies suggest that PP2A is a putative tumor suppressor. However, PP2A has also been shown to facilitate the activation of oncogenic signaling pathways when associated with specific regulatory subunits. In this study, we investigated the possible oncogenic role of PP2A in pancreatic cancer. We found a striking increase in the expression of PR55α (PPP2R2A), a PP2A regulatory subunit, in pancreatic cancer cells compared with normal pancreatic epithelial cells. Consistently, PR55α expression was markedly elevated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissues compared with adjacent normal pancreatic tissues (P &lt; 0.0001) and correlated with poor survival of pancreatic cancer patients (P &lt; 0.0003). RNAi-mediated depletion of PR55α in pancreatic cancer cell lines resulted in diminished phosphorylation of both AKT and ERK1/2 (MAPK3/1) and decreased protein levels of β-catenin (CTNNB1). Accordingly, pancreatic cancer cells with reduced PR55α expression exhibited significantly impaired properties of transformation, including attenuated cell growth, clonogenicity, mobility, and anchorage-independent growth. Moreover, orthotopic implantation of PR55α-depleted pancreatic cancer cells into nude mice resulted in markedly reduced tumorigenicity (P &lt; 0.001) and distant metastases. Together, these results suggest that PR55α promotes pancreatic cancer development by sustaining hyperactivity of multiple oncogenic signaling pathways, including AKT, ERK, and Wnt. These studies also provide a basis for exploring PR55α as a diagnostic or therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2243–53. ©2016 AACR.
Drosophila Brat and Human Ortholog TRIM3 Maintain Stem Cell Equilibrium and Suppress Brain Tumorigenesis by Attenuating Notch Nuclear Transport
Authors: Mukherjee Subhas , Tucker-Burden Carol , Zhang Changming , Moberg Kenneth , Read Renee , Hadjipanayis Costas , Brat Daniel J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Cancer stem cells exert enormous influence on neoplastic behavior, in part by governing asymmetric cell division and the balance between self-renewal and multipotent differentiation. Growth is favored by deregulated stem cell division, which enhances the self-renewing population and diminishes the differentiation program. Mutation of a single gene in Drosophila, Brain Tumor (Brat), leads to disrupted asymmetric cell division resulting in dramatic neoplastic proliferation of neuroblasts and massive larval brain overgrowth. To uncover the mechanisms relevant to deregulated cell division in human glioma stem cells, we first developed a novel adult Drosophila brain tumor model using brat-RNAi driven by the neuroblast-specific promoter inscuteable. Suppressing Brat in this population led to the accumulation of actively proliferating neuroblasts and a lethal brain tumor phenotype. brat-RNAi caused upregulation of Notch signaling, a node critical for self-renewal, by increasing protein expression and enhancing nuclear transport of Notch intracellular domain (NICD). In human glioblastoma, we demonstrated that the human ortholog of Drosophila Brat, tripartite motif-containing protein 3 (TRIM3), similarly suppressed NOTCH1 signaling and markedly attenuated the stem cell component. We also found that TRIM3 suppressed nuclear transport of active NOTCH1 (NICD) in glioblastoma and demonstrated that these effects are mediated by direct binding of TRIM3 to the Importin complex. Together, our results support a novel role for Brat/TRIM3 in maintaining stem cell equilibrium and suppressing tumor growth by regulating NICD nuclear transport. Cancer Res; 76(8); 2443–52. ©2016 AACR.
Extracellular Matrix Disarray as a Mechanism for Greater Abdominal Versus Thoracic Aortic Stiffness With Aging in Primates
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhao Xin , Vatner Dorothy E. , McNulty Tara , Bishop Sanford , Sun Zhe , Shen You-Tang , Chen Li , Meininger Gerald A. , Vatner Stephen F. 
Published: February 2016

Objective—
Increased vascular stiffness is central to the pathophysiology of aging, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. However, relatively few studies have examined vascular stiffness in both the thoracic and the abdominal aorta with aging, despite major differences in anatomy, embryological origin, and relation to aortic aneurysm.

Approach and Results—

The 2 other unique features of this study were (1) to study young (9±1 years) and old (26±1 years) male monkeys and (2) to study direct and continuous measurements of aortic pressure and thoracic and abdominal aortic diameters in conscious monkeys. As expected, aortic stiffness, β, was increased
P
<0.05, 2- to 3-fold, in old versus young thoracic aorta and augmented further with superimposition of acute hypertension with phenylephrine. Surprisingly, stiffness was not greater in old thoracic aorta than in young abdominal aorta. These results can be explained, in part, by the collagen/elastin ratio, but more importantly, by disarray of collagen and elastin, which correlated best with vascular stiffness. However, vascular smooth muscle cell stiffness was not different in thoracic versus abdominal aorta in either young or old monkeys.

Conclusions—
Thus, aortic stiffness increases with aging as expected, but the most severe increases in aortic stiffness observed in the abdominal aorta is novel, where values in young monkeys equaled, or even exceeded, values of thoracic aortic stiffness in old monkeys. These results can be explained by alterations in collagen/elastin ratio, but even more importantly by collagen and elastin disarray.
Streamlined Hyperacute Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocol Identifies Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator–Eligible Stroke Patients When Clinical Impression Is Stroke Mimic
Authors: Goyal Manu S. , Hoff Brian G. , Williams Jennifer , Khoury Naim , Wiesehan Rebecca , Heitsch Laura , Panagos Peter , Vo Katie D. , Benzinger Tammie , Derdeyn Colin P. , Lee Jin-Moo , Ford Andria L. 
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose—
Stroke mimics (SM) challenge the initial assessment of patients presenting with possible acute ischemic stroke (AIS). When SM is considered likely, intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) may be withheld, risking an opportunity to treat AIS. Although computed tomography is routinely used for tPA decision making, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may diagnose AIS when SM is favored but not certain. We hypothesized that a hyperacute MRI (hMRI) protocol would identify tPA-eligible AIS patients among those initially favored to have SM.

Methods—
A streamlined hMRI protocol was designed based on barriers to rapid patient transport, MRI acquisition, and post-MRI tPA delivery. Neurologists were trained to order hMRI when SM was favored and tPA was being withheld. The use of hMRI for tPA decision making, door-to-needle times, and outcomes were compared before hMRI implementation (pre-hMRI: August 1, 2011 to July 31, 2013) and after (post-hMRI, August 1, 2013, to January 15, 2015).

Results—

Post hMRI, 57 patients with suspected SM underwent hMRI (median MRI-order-to-start time, 29 minutes), of whom, 11 (19%) were diagnosed with AIS and 7 (12%) received tPA. Pre-hMRI, no tPA-treated patients were screened with hMRI. Post hMRI, 7 of 106 (6.6%) tPA-treated patients underwent hMRI to aid in decision making because of suspected SM (0% versus 6.6%;
P
=0.001). To ensure standard care was maintained after implementing the hMRI protocol, pre- versus post-hMRI tPA-treated cohorts were compared and did not differ: door-to-needle time (39 versus 37 minutes;
P
=0.63), symptomatic hemorrhage rate (4.5% versus 1.9%;
P
=0.32), and favorable discharge location (85% versus 89%;
P
=0.37).

Conclusions—
A streamlined hMRI protocol permitted tPA administration to a small, but significant, subset of AIS patients initially considered to have SM.
Intra-Arterial Therapy and Post-Treatment Infarct Volumes
Authors: Al-Ajlan Fahad S. , Goyal Mayank , Demchuk Andrew M. , Minhas Priyanka , Sabiq Farahna , Assis Zarina , Willinsky Robert , Montanera Walter J. , Rempel Jeremy L. , Shuaib Ashfaq , Thornton John , Williams David , Roy Daniel , Poppe Alexandre Y. , Jovin Tudor G. , Sapkota Biggya L. , Baxter Blaise W. , Krings Timo , Silver Frank L. , Frei Donald F. , Fanale Christopher , Tampieri Donatella , Teitelbaum Jeanne , Lum Cheemun , Dowlatshahi Dar , Shankar Jai J. , Barber Philip A. , Hill Michael D. , Menon Bijoy K. ,   for the ESCAPE Trial Investigators
Published: February 2016

Background and Purpose—
The goal of reperfusion therapy in acute ischemic stroke is to limit brain infarction. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the beneficial effect of endovascular treatment on functional outcome could be explained by a reduction in post-treatment infarct volume.

Methods—
The Endovascular Treatment for Small Core and Anterior Circulation Proximal Occlusion With Emphasis on Minimizing CT to Recanalization Times (ESCAPE) trial was a multicenter randomized open-label trial with blinded outcome evaluation. Among 315 enrolled subjects (endovascular treatment n=165; control n=150), 314 subject’s infarct volumes at 24 to 48 hours on magnetic resonance imaging (n=254) or computed tomography (n=60) were measured. Post-treatment infarct volumes were compared by treatment assignment and recanalization/reperfusion status. Appropriate statistical models were used to assess relationship between baseline clinical and imaging variables, post-treatment infarct volume, and functional status at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale).

Results—

Median post-treatment infarct volume in all subjects was 21 mL (interquartile range =65 mL), in the intervention arm, 15.5 mL (interquartile range =41.5 mL), and in the control arm, 33.5 mL (interquartile range =84 mL;
P
<0.01). Baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (
P
<0.01), site of occlusion (
P
<0.01), baseline noncontrast computed tomographic scan Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score (ASPECTS) (
P
<0.01), and recanalization (
P
<0.01) were independently associated with post-treatment infarct volume, whereas age, sex, treatment type, intravenous alteplase, and time from onset to randomization were not (
P
>0.05). Post-treatment infarct volume (
P
<0.01) and delta National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (
P
<0.01) were independently associated with 90-day modified Rankin Scale, whereas laterality (left versus right) was not.

Conclusions—
These results support the primary results of the ESCAPE trial and show that the biological underpinning of the success of endovascular therapy is a reduction in infarct volume.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01778335.
Vector Symbolic Spiking Neural Network Model of Hippocampal Subarea CA1 Novelty Detection Functionality
Authors: Agerskov Claus 
Published: February 2016

A neural network model is presented of novelty detection in the CA1 subdomain of the hippocampal formation from the perspective of information flow. This computational model is restricted on several levels by both anatomical information about hippocampal circuitry and behavioral data from studies done in rats. Several studies report that the CA1 area broadcasts a generalized novelty signal in response to changes in the environment. Using the neural engineering framework developed by Eliasmith et al., a spiking neural network architecture is created that is able to compare high-dimensional vectors, symbolizing semantic information, according to the semantic pointer hypothesis. This model then computes the similarity between the vectors, as both direct inputs and a recalled memory from a long-term memory network by performing the dot-product operation in a novelty neural network architecture. The developed CA1 model agrees with available neuroanatomical data, as well as the presented behavioral data, and so it is a biologically realistic model of novelty detection in the hippocampus, which can provide a feasible explanation for experimentally observed dynamics.
Are Rogue Waves Really Unexpected?
Authors: Fedele Francesco 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn unexpected wave is defined by Gemmrich and Garrett as a wave that is much taller than a set of neighboring waves. Their definition of “unexpected” refers to a wave that is not anticipated by a casual observer. Clearly, unexpected waves defined in this way are predictable in a statistical sense. They can occur relatively often with a small or moderate crest height, but large unexpected waves that are rogue are rare. Here, this concept is elaborated and statistically described based on a third-order nonlinear model. In particular, the conditional return period of an unexpected wave whose crest exceeds a given threshold is developed. This definition leads to greater return periods or on average less frequent occurrences of unexpected waves than those implied by the conventional return periods not conditioned on a reference threshold. Ultimately, it appears that a rogue wave that is also unexpected would have a lower occurrence frequency than that of a usual rogue wave. As specific applications, the Andrea and Wave Crest Sensor Intercomparison Study (WACSIS) rogue wave events are examined in detail. Both waves appeared without warning and their crests were nearly 2 times larger than the surrounding O(10) wave crests and thus unexpected. The two crest heights are nearly the same as the threshold ~ 1.6Hs exceeded on average once every 0.3 × 106 waves, where Hs is the significant wave height. In contrast, the Andrea and WACSIS events, as both rogue and unexpected, would occur slightly less often and on average once every 3 × 106 and 0.6 × 106 waves, respectively.
Application of Two Spatial Verification Methods to Ensemble Forecasts of Low-Level Rotation
Authors: Skinner Patrick S. , Wicker Louis J. , Wheatley Dustan M. , Knopfmeier Kent H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTwo spatial verification methods are applied to ensemble forecasts of low-level rotation in supercells: a four-dimensional, object-based matching algorithm and the displacement and amplitude score (DAS) based on optical flow. Ensemble forecasts of low-level rotation produced using the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) Experimental Warn-on-Forecast System are verified against WSR-88D single-Doppler azimuthal wind shear values interpolated to the model grid. Verification techniques are demonstrated using four 60-min forecasts issued at 15-min intervals in the hour preceding development of the 20 May 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, tornado and compared to results from two additional forecasts of tornadic supercells occurring during the springs of 2013 and 2014.The object-based verification technique and displacement component of DAS are found to reproduce subjectively determined forecast characteristics in successive forecasts for the 20 May 2013 event, as well as to discriminate in subjective forecast quality between different events. Ensemble-mean, object-based measures quantify spatial and temporal displacement, as well as storm motion biases in predicted low-level rotation in a manner consistent with subjective interpretation. Neither method produces useful measures of the intensity of low-level rotation, owing to deficiencies in the verification dataset and forecast resolution.