bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐time correction of respiration‐induced distortions in the human spinal cord using a 24‐channel shim array
Authors: Topfer Ryan , Foias Alexandru , Stikov Nikola , Cohen‐Adad Julien 
Published: January 2018

PurposeTo reduce respiration‐induced magnetic field distortions and the attendant image artifacts in echo‐planar imaging (EPI) of the human spinal cord.MethodsUsing a custom‐designed 24‐channel shim array, shim updates were issued in real time based on a concurrently monitored respiratory trace and a pair of gradient echo (GRE) field maps acquired during an initial training phase. Proof‐of‐concept application in GRE–EPI was conducted in 6 subjects.ResultsOver the thoracic spinal cord, real‐time shimming reduced respiration‐induced distortions in the EPI by 48.2% ± 12.2% and increased the mean temporal signal‐to‐noise ratio by 15.7% ± 7.9%.ConclusionReal‐time shim adjustment substantially reduces spatiotemporal B0 field variation, opening the door to more robust imaging and spectroscopy investigations of the spinal cord. Magn Reson Med 80:935–946, 2018. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
The value of cell‐free DNA for molecular pathology
Authors: Stewart Caitlin M , Kothari Prachi D , Mouliere Florent , Mair Richard , Somnay Saira , Benayed Ryma , Zehir Ahmet , Weigelt Britta , Dawson Sarah‐Jane , Arcila Maria E , Berger Michael F , Tsui Dana WY 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOver the past decade, advances in molecular biology and genomics techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The technological advances in tissue profiling have also been applied to the study of cell‐free nucleic acids, an area of increasing interest for molecular pathology. Cell‐free nucleic acids are released from tumour cells into the surrounding body fluids and can be assayed non‐invasively. The repertoire of genomic alterations in circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) is reflective of both primary tumours and distant metastatic sites, and ctDNA can be sampled multiple times, thereby overcoming the limitations of the analysis of single biopsies. Furthermore, ctDNA can be sampled regularly to monitor response to treatment, to define the evolution of the tumour genome, and to assess the acquisition of resistance and minimal residual disease. Recently, clinical ctDNA assays have been approved for guidance of therapy, which is an exciting first step in translating cell‐free nucleic acid research tests into clinical use for oncology. In this review, we discuss the advantages of cell‐free nucleic acids as analytes in different body fluids, including blood plasma, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid, and their clinical applications in solid tumours and haematological malignancies. We will also discuss practical considerations for clinical deployment, such as preanalytical factors and regulatory requirements. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining the prevalence of vestibular screening failures in pediatric cancer patients whose therapies include radiation to the head/neck and platin‐based therapies: A pilot study
Authors: Camet Miranda L. , Hayashi Susan S. , Sinks Belinda C. , Henry Jennifer , Gettinger Katie , Hite Ashley , Kiefer Juliann , Mohrmann Caroline , Sandheinrich Taryn , Gao Feng , Hayashi Robert J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundSensorineural hearing loss due to ototoxic cancer therapy is well established; effects on the vestibular system are unknown. We examined the feasibility of implementing vestibular screens for pediatric cancer survivors exposed to ototoxic agents. The prevalence of screening failures is reported.MethodsCancer survivors who were 6–17 years, at least 1‐month posttreatment, and received ototoxic therapy (radiation to the head/neck, cisplatin, carboplatin) were eligible. Screening measures included (1) Pediatric Vestibular Symptom Questionnaire, (2) Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance, and (3) Dynamic Visual Acuity.ResultsVestibular screening failures were observed in 30 participants (60%). Patients with a brain tumor diagnosis were at increased risk for failures compared to nonbrain tumor patients (74.2% vs. 36.8%, P = 0.009). Patients who underwent brain surgery were at increased risk for failures compared to patients without brain surgery (71% vs. 42%, P = 0.043). Patients with a longer duration between end of treatment and vestibular screening had a reduced risk of failures, with an almost 20% decrease for each year between the time points (odds ratio = 0.812; 95% confidence interval: 0.683–0.964, P = 0.018). Receiving carboplatin correlated with a decreased risk of failure (P = 0.016), due to a negative correlation with other clinical risk factors (diagnosis of a brain tumor, major brain surgery) that are associated with vestibular screening failure.ConclusionVestibular screening failures are highly prevalent in childhood cancer survivors who received ototoxic therapy. Broad screening of this population and further characterization of these patients are warranted.
Synergistic Interaction between Cholesterol and Functionalized Ionic Liquid Based Surfactant Leading to the Morphological Transition
Authors: Vaid Zuber S. , Rajput Sargam M. , Kuddushi Muzammil , Kumar Arvind , El Seoud Omar A. , Malek Naved I. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractStable vesicular aggregate is the primary requisite to transport and deliver the biological and pharmaceutical standards. The serendipitous discovery of nonlipid vesicles made with the nonlipid building blocks, such as ionic liquid based surfactants (ILBSs) proved to be advantageous over others. In a quest to achieve stable, more rigid and hydrophobic vesicles from ILBSs, here we have investigated the lipid (cholesterol) induced unilamellar vesicle formation in the aqueous functionalized and nonfunctionalized ILBSs. The vesicles show outstanding stability with time, temperature and dilution with water. Spectroscopic (turbidity, steady state absorbance and fluorescence), scattering (dynamic light scattering) and microscopic (transmission electron microscopy) techniques were used to characterize the vesicles. The hydration behavior and rigidity associated with the vesicular bilayer on transforming from micellar assembly was characterized through steady state absorbance and fluorescence techniques. The unilamellar vesicles derived are compared with the conventional surfactant, i. e. cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.
Mechanism of Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation Mediated by Water‐Soluble CuII‐TEMPO Catalyst in Water: A Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Li Siyu , Cheng Lin , Wu Qi , Zhang Qiancheng , Yang Jucai , Liu Juming 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe catalytic mechanism for the aerobic alcohol oxidation in the alkaline water solution catalyzed by a CuII/2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxy (TEMPO) catalyst system, ([(L)CuII(Hen)(H2O)] (H3L: 3‐(5‐Chloro‐2‐hydroxy‐3‐sulfophenylhydrazo) pentane‐2,4‐dione; en: Ethylenediamine), is presented by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Four pathways (path A, path B, path C and path D) are presented. Our calculations demonstrate that path A is the favourable pathway and zwitterionic property of the catalyst is not likely affect the efficiency of alcohol oxidation. In path A, the catalytic cycle consists of catalyst activation, substrate oxidation and catalyst regeneration parts. The calculated turn‐over frequency (TOF=3.89 h−1) is in line with the experimental result (TOF=5.40 h−1). It is also found that the H atom migrates from alkoxide to the oxygen atom of TEMPO in the TOF determining transition state (TDTS).
Single and Double Binding of 1,10‐Phenanthroline and 4,7‐Dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline to HMeQ[7]: Contrasting pKa Shifts Induced by HMeQ[7]
Authors: Meng Ling‐Jian , Zhao Wen‐Xuan , Chen Li–Xia , Sun Wen‐Qi , Lin Rui‐Lian , Zhu Qian‐Jiang , Tao Zhu , Liu Jing‐Xin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBy using UV‐vis absorption, we ascertained the HMeQ[7] induced supramolecular pKa shifts of 1,10‐phenanthroline (guest 1) and 4,7‐dimethyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (guest 2), which are completely different. Based on the pKa values of guests 1 and 2, the binding behaviors of HMeQ[7] with guests 1 and 2 at a specified solution pH were investigated by NMR spectroscopy and ITC techniques. NMR data indicate that the complexation of HMeQ[7] with guests 1 and 2 may generate half‐inclusion complex 1⊂HMeQ[7] and double binding complex 2⊂HMeQ[7]∪2. The later one possesses two binding modes simultaneously, one being endo binding and the other one being exo binding, which is not observed in conventional host−guest complex. Such mixed double binding behavior for guest 2 should be one of the reasons for its large pKa shift. ITC experiments further confirmed the formation of the 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 host−guest complexes.
ASPRE trial: incidence of preterm pre‐eclampsia in patients fulfilling ACOG and NICE criteria according to risk by FMF algorithm
Authors: Poon L. C. , Rolnik D. L. , Tan M. Y. , Delgado J. L. , Tsokaki T. , Akolekar R. , Singh M. , Andrade W. , Efeturk T. , Jani J. C. , Plasencia W. , Papaioannou G. , Blazquez A. R. , Carbone I. F. , Wright D. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo report the incidence of preterm pre‐eclampsia (PE) in women who are screen positive according to the criteria of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), and compare the incidence with that in those who are screen positive or screen negative by The Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF) algorithm.MethodsThis was a secondary analysis of data from the ASPRE study. The study population consisted of women with singleton pregnancy who underwent prospective screening for preterm PE by means of the FMF algorithm, which combines maternal factors and biomarkers at 11–13 weeks' gestation. The incidence of preterm PE in women fulfilling the NICE and ACOG criteria was estimated; in these patients the incidence of preterm PE was then calculated in those who were screen negative relative to those who were screen positive by the FMF algorithm.ResultsA total of 34 573 women with singleton pregnancy delivering at ≥ 24 weeks' gestation underwent prospective screening for preterm PE, of which 239 (0.7%) cases developed preterm PE. At least one of the ACOG criteria was fulfilled in 22 287 (64.5%) pregnancies and the incidence of preterm PE was 0.97% (95% CI, 0.85–1.11%); in the subgroup that was screen positive by the FMF algorithm the incidence of preterm PE was 4.80% (95% CI, 4.14–5.55%), and in those that were screen negative it was 0.25% (95% CI, 0.18–0.33%), with a relative incidence in FMF screen negative to FMF screen positive of 0.051 (95% CI, 0.037–0.071). In 1392 (4.0%) pregnancies, at least one of the NICE high‐risk criteria was fulfilled, and in this group the incidence of preterm PE was 5.17% (95% CI, 4.13–6.46%); in the subgroups of screen positive and screen negative by the FMF algorithm, the incidence of preterm PE was 8.71% (95% CI, 6.93–10.89%) and 0.65% (95% CI, 0.25–1.67%), respectively, and the relative incidence was 0.075 (95% CI, 0.028–0.205). In 2360 (6.8%) pregnancies fulfilling at least two of the NICE moderate‐risk criteria, the incidence of preterm PE was 1.74% (95% CI, 1.28–2.35%); in the subgroups of screen positive and screen negative by the FMF algorithm the incidence was 4.91% (95% CI, 3.54–6.79%) and 0.42% (95% CI, 0.20–0.86%), respectively, and the relative incidence was 0.085 (95% CI, 0.038–0.192).ConclusionIn women who are screen positive for preterm PE by the ACOG or NICE criteria but screen negative by the FMF algorithm, the risk of preterm PE is reduced to within or below background levels. The results provide further evidence to support the personalized risk‐based screening method that combines maternal factors and biomarkers. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles for amplified photoacoustic imaging
Authors: Zhou Libo , Zhou Hua , Wu Changfeng 
Published: January 2018

Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) are a new class of photonic materials with great potential for biomedical applications. Owing to their large absorption coefficients, tunable optical properties, and high photostability, SPNs have recently been used to improve the sensitivity and resolution of photoacoustic (PA) imaging. In particular, a number of strategies have been explored to design activatable SPNs for amplified in vivo PA imaging. In this review, the recent advances in the development of SPNs as exogenous PA contrasts agents have been summarized and their promising potential as multifunctional probes for cancer theranostics has been discussed.This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Features of borderline personality disorder as a mediator of the relation between childhood traumatic experiences and psychosis-like experiences in patients with mood disorder
Authors: Baryshnikov Ilya , Aaltonen Kari , Suvisaari Jaana , Koivisto Maaria , Heikkinen Martti , Joffe Grigori , Isometsä Erkki 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundPsychosis-like experiences (PEs) are common in patients with non-psychotic disorders. Several factors predict reporting of PEs in mood disorders, including mood-associated cognitive biases, anxiety and features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Childhood traumatic experiences (CEs), often reported by patients with BPD, are an important risk factor for mental disorders. We hypothesized that features of BPD may mediate the relationship between CEs and PEs. In this study, we investigated the relationships between self-reported PEs, CEs and features of BPD in patients with mood disorders.MethodsAs part of the Helsinki University Psychiatric Consortium study, McLean Screening Instrument (MSI), Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences (CAPE-42) and Trauma and Distress Scale (TADS) were filled in by patients with mood disorders (n = 282) in psychiatric care. Correlation coefficients between total scores of scales and their dimensions were estimated, multiple regression and mediation analyses were conducted.ResultsTotal scores of MSI correlated strongly with scores of the CAPE-42 dimension “frequency of positive symptoms” (rho = 0.56; p ≤ 0.001) and moderately with scores of TADS (rho = 0.4; p ≤ 0.001). Total score of MSI and its dimension “cognitive symptoms”, including identity disturbance, distrustfulness and dissociative symptoms, fully mediated the relation between TADS and CAPE-42. Each cognitive symptom showed a partial mediating role (dissociative symptoms 43% (CI = 25–74%); identity disturbance 40% (CI = 30-73%); distrustfulness 18% (CI = 12-50%)).ConclusionsSelf-reported cognitive-perceptual symptoms of BPD fully mediate, while affective, behavioural and interpersonal symptoms only partially mediate the relationships between CEs and PEs. Recognition of co-morbid features of BPD in patients with mood disorders reporting PEs is essential.
How to conduct implementation trials and multicentre studies in the emergency department
Authors: Stiell Ian G. , Perry Jeffrey J. , Brehaut Jamie , Brown Erica , Curran Janet A. , Emond Marcel , Hohl Corinne , Taljaard Monica , McRae Andrew D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of Panel 2b was to present an overview of and recommendations for the conduct of implementation trials and multicentre studies in emergency medicine.MethodsPanel members engaged methodologists to discuss the design and conduct of implementation and multicentre studies. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with 37 Canadian adult and pediatric emergency medicine researchers to elicit barriers and facilitators to conducting these kinds of studies.ResultsResponses were organized by themes, and, based on these responses, recommendations were developed and refined in an iterative fashion by panel members.ConclusionsWe offer eight recommendations to facilitate multicentre clinical and implementation studies, along with guidance for conducting implementation research in the emergency department. Recommendations for multicentre studies reflect the importance of local study investigators and champions, requirements for research infrastructure and staffing, and the cooperation and communication between the coordinating centre and participating sites.
Comparison of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology Versus Standard Practice in Identification of Hazards at a Mass Casualty Incident Scenario by Primary Care Paramedic Students
Authors: Jain Trevor , Sibley Aaron , Stryhn Henrik , Hubloue Ives 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntroductionThe proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) has the potential to change the situational awareness of incident commanders allowing greater scene safety. The aim of this study was to compare UAV technology to standard practice (SP) in hazard identification during a simulated multi-vehicle motor collision (MVC) in terms of time to identification, accuracy and the order of hazard identification.MethodsA prospective observational cohort study was conducted with 21 students randomized into UAV or SP group, based on a MVC with 7 hazards. The UAV group remained at the UAV ground station while the SP group approached the scene. After identifying hazards the time and order was recorded.ResultsThe mean time (SD, range) to identify the hazards were 3 minutes 41 seconds (1 minute 37 seconds, 1 minute 48 seconds-6 minutes 51 seconds) and 2 minutes 43 seconds (55 seconds, 1 minute 43 seconds-4 minutes 38 seconds) in UAV and SP groups corresponding to a mean difference of 58 seconds (P=0.11). A non-parametric permutation test showed a significant (P=0.04) difference in identification order.ConclusionBoth groups had 100% accuracy in hazard identification with no statistical difference in time for hazard identification. A difference was found in the identification order of hazards. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:631–634)
The Influence of Flyer Momentum on an Aluminium Plate’s Response to Underwater Shock Loading
Authors: He X. , Rong J. L. , Xiang D. L. , Wei H. Y. , Hu C. H. , Wang X. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAn underwater shock loading experimental device is used to simulate underwater explosion shock waves. The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of flyer momentum on the response of an aluminium plate to this underwater shock loading experimental device. The simulation accuracy can be verified by comparing theoretical data with the simulation and experimental results. Through simulations, an aluminium plate’s deformation and pressure specific impulse can be determined when flyers impact the piston at different velocities but at the same momentum. The aluminium plate's deformation and pressure specific impulse are constant when the flyers had constant momentum because both are directly proportional to the flyer momentum. The results have an important practical value for understanding and using this type of experimental device.
QUADRILATERAL-TREE PLANAR RAMSEY NUMBERS
Authors: HU XIAOLAN , ZHANG YUNQING , ZHANG YANBO 
Published: January 2018

For two given graphs $G_{1}$ and $G_{2}$, the planar Ramsey number $PR(G_{1},G_{2})$ is the smallest integer $N$ such that every planar graph $G$ on $N$ vertices either contains $G_{1}$, or its complement contains $G_{2}$. Let $C_{4}$ be a quadrilateral, $T_{n}$ a tree of order $n\geq 3$ with maximum degree $k$, and $K_{1,k}$ a star of order $k+1$. We show that $PR(C_{4},T_{n})=\max \{n+1,PR(C_{4},K_{1,k})\}$. Combining this with a result of Chen et al. [‘All quadrilateral-wheel planar Ramsey numbers’, Graphs Combin.33 (2017), 335–346] yields exact values of all the quadrilateral-tree planar Ramsey numbers.
Sickness absence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological treatments for individuals on sick leave due to common mental disorders
Authors: Salomonsson Sigrid , Hedman-Lagerlöf Erik , Öst Lars-Göran 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSick leave due to common mental disorders (CMDs) increase rapidly and present a major societal challenge. The overall effect of psychological interventions to reduce sick leave and symptoms has not been sufficiently investigated and there is a need for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the field. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to calculate the effect size of psychological interventions for CMDs on sick leave and psychiatric symptoms based on all published randomized controlled trials. Methodological quality, the risk of bias and publication bias were also assessed. The literature searches gave 2240 hits and 45 studies were included. The psychological interventions were more effective than care as usual on both reduced sick leave (g = 0.15) and symptoms (g = 0.21). There was no significant difference in effect between work focused interventions, problem-solving therapy, cognitive behavioural therapy or collaborative care. We conclude that psychological interventions are more effective than care as usual to reduce sick leave and symptoms but the effect sizes are small. More research is needed on psychological interventions that evaluate effects on sick leave. Consensual measures of sick leave should be established and quality of psychotherapy for patients on sick leave should be improved.
Legacy base metal slags can generate toxic leachates
Authors: Awoniran Adijat T. , Ketheson Annelly , Piazolo Sandra , Gore Damian B. 
Published: January 2018

Slags sourced from a derelict zinc–lead–copper–silver–tungsten mine were examined for their bulk elemental composition and mineralogy. pH, oxidation–reduction potential, and the leachability of selected elements (sulphur, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, and lead) were assessed during a 130-day deionised water extraction conducted under oxic conditions. Slags were rich in silicon, iron, copper, zinc, and lead, hosted within minerals including quartz (SiO2), goethite [FeO(OH)], augite [Ca(Mg,AI,Fe)Si2O6], and lead (Pb0). Leachates from the slags increased in analyte concentration throughout the 130-day experiment, with iron, copper, zinc, and lead attaining >5 mg l−1 in some samples. These findings indicate that this pyrometallurgical waste should not be considered environmentally inert, as leachates emanating from them in the field might pose a significant risk to the environment.
The Gender Balance Assessment Tool (GBAT): A Web-Based Tool for Estimating Gender Balance in Syllabi and Bibliographies
Authors: Sumner Jane Lawrence 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThis article introduces a web-based tool that scholars can use to assess the gender balance of their syllabi and bibliographies. The citation gap in political science is described briefly as well as why under-citing women relative to men is a problem that should be addressed by the field. The Gender Balance Assessment Tool (GBAT) is presented as a way to make assessing gender balance easier with the aim of remedying the gender gap. This is followed by an outline that explains in nontechnical terms how the tool identifies author names and then predicts their gender to produce a single document-level percentage of women authors. Finally, best practices for diversity in syllabi and bibliographies are discussed, and various public sources that can be used to find scholarly work by women, as well as scholars of color, are listed.