bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Froghood: Postmetamorphic development of the rock river frog Thoropa miliaris (Spix, 1824) (Anura, Cycloramphidae)
Authors: Rebouças Raoni , da Silva Hélio Ricardo , Sanuy Delfi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThoropa miliaris is a frog species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest, inhabiting wet rocky habitats. Males of this species present nuptial excrescences, which are keratinized spines on the surface of some fingers and internal metacarpal tubercles. Although these spines are usually associated with male adulthood, no details of their development are available. To investigate the sequence of spines' appearance, we correlated the number of spines with size and age, which was estimated by skeletochronology. We studied individuals collected from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. There was significant correlation between size of individuals and number of spines and between age and number of spines in the callosities. The first spines appeared in metacarpal–phalangeal articulation of finger II, when specimens were 1 year old. The estimated growth curve did not show stabilization at any age. We considered the degree of development of the nuptial excrescences as a proxy for sexual maturity and so individuals may already be sexually active by 1 year of age. Estimated longevity of T. miliaris is similar to that estimated for other tropical species of frogs. Although growth in anuran species is considered to be undetermined, in T. miliaris, it seems to fit either undetermined or determined models.
Cephalopod embryonic shells as a tool to reconstruct reproductive strategies in extinct taxa
Authors: Laptikhovsky Vladimir , Nikolaeva Svetlana , Rogov Mikhail 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTAn exhaustive study of existing data on the relationship between egg size and maximum size of embryonic shells in 42 species of extant cephalopods demonstrated that these values are approximately equal regardless of taxonomy and shell morphology. Egg size is also approximately equal to mantle length of hatchlings in 45 cephalopod species with rudimentary shells. Paired data on the size of the initial chamberversusembryonic shell in 235 species ofAmmonoidea, 46Bactritida, 13Nautilida, 22Orthocerida, 8Tarphycerida, 4Oncocerida, 1Belemnoidea, 4Sepiida and 1Spirulida demonstrated that, although there is a positive relationship between these parameters in some taxa, initial chamber size cannot be used to predict egg size in extinct cephalopods; the size of the embryonic shell may be more appropriate for this task. The evolution of reproductive strategies in cephalopods in the geological past was marked by an increasing significance of small‐egged taxa, as is also seen in simultaneously evolving fish taxa.
Mild TSH resistance: Clinical and hormonal features in childhood and adulthood
Authors: Vigone Maria Cristina , Di Frenna Marianna , Guizzardi Fabiana , Gelmini Giulia , de Filippis Tiziana , Mora Stefano , Caiulo Silvana , Sonnino Micol , Bonomi Marco , Persani Luca , Weber Giovanna 
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectiveMutations in TSH receptor (TSHR) are associated with TSH resistance, a genetic defect characterized by a heterogeneous phenotype ranging from severe hypothyroidism to subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). We assessed the clinical and hormonal pattern of TSHR variants in a series of pediatric patients, and the long‐term outcome of growth, biochemical measurements of metabolism, and neuropsychological functions in TSHR mutations carriers.DesignObservational, retrospective study.PatientsThirty four children (age 7 days to 11 years) and 18 adult carriers of TSHR variants.MeasurementsThe TSHR gene was sequenced by PCR‐amplified direct sequencing in 111 pediatric patients with slight to moderate elevation of TSH and normal FT4 levels. The study focused on the: auxological and biochemical parameters, thyroid ultrasound, bone age, bone mineral density (BMD), and intellectual outcome (IQ) were collected during the long follow‐up (1‐15 years).ResultsSeventeen different TSHR variants (eight novel) were identified in 34 of the 111 pediatric patients, with a high prevalence of familial cases (27/34). Neonatal screening for congenital hypothyroidism was positive in half of the TSHR carriers. Growth, IQ, BMD, and biochemical parameters were normal in all subjects. Twenty patients received L‐T4 replacement therapy, in all cases before genetic analysis. After re‐evaluation, six patients resumed L‐T4 therapy: they were compound heterozygous, or single heterozygous and with associated conditions at risk of thyroid impairment (SGA). No adults presented clinical features consistent with impaired thyroid function.ConclusionsChildren carriers of TSHR variants, regardless of L‐T4 treatment, show regular growth and neuropsychological development, with no evident biochemical and US alterations.
New Paradigm for Translational Modeling to Predict Long‐term Tuberculosis Treatment Response
Authors: Bartelink IH , Zhang N , Keizer RJ , Strydom N , Converse PJ , Dooley KE , Nuermberger EL , Savic RM 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDisappointing results of recent tuberculosis chemotherapy trials suggest that knowledge gained from preclinical investigations was not utilized to maximal effect. A mouse‐to‐human translational pharmacokinetics (PKs) – pharmacodynamics (PDs) model built on a rich mouse database may improve clinical trial outcome predictions. The model included Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth function in mice, adaptive immune response effect on bacterial growth, relationships among moxifloxacin, rifapentine, and rifampin concentrations accelerating bacterial death, clinical PK data, species‐specific protein binding, drug‐drug interactions, and patient‐specific pathology. Simulations of recent trials testing 4‐month regimens predicted 65% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55–74) relapse‐free patients vs. 80% observed in the REMox‐TB trial, and 79% (95% CI, 72–87) vs. 82% observed in the Rifaquin trial. Simulation of 6‐month regimens predicted 97% (95% CI, 93–99) vs. 92% and 95% observed in 2RHZE/4RH control arms, and 100% predicted and observed in the 35 mg/kg rifampin arm of PanACEA MAMS. These results suggest that the model can inform regimen optimization and predict outcomes of ongoing trials.
Systolic longitudinal strain correlates with visual assessment of regional left ventricular function during dobutamine stress echocardiography and discriminates the segments with induced contractility impairment
Authors: Wierzbowska‐Drabik Karina , Miśkowiec Dawid , Kasprzak Jarosław D. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe relationship between visual and strain assessment of left ventricular (LV) function during dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) remains poorly investigated. We assessed systolic longitudinal strain (SLS) and strain rate (SLSR) in segments visually graded as normokinetic, hypokinetic, or akinetic at baseline (0) and peak stage (1) of DSE and compared deformation changes between segments with and without induced contractility worsening.MethodsFrom 250 patients examined by DSE, 238 patients with diagnostic test were included, mean age of 62±9 years (105 females). Regional LV contractility was assessed visually and measured using SLS and SLSR in 4284 segments.ResultsThe LV segments during baseline and peak stage of DSE revealed gradual decrease in absolute values of SLS (from 17.7±6.4% in normokinetic to 11.7±8.4% in akinetic segments at rest, and from 17.2±8.5% to 14.4±7.8% at peak, P<.001), as measured by automated function imaging (AFI) and SLSR (from 1.1±0.37 s−1 in normokinetic to 0.9±0.29 s−1 in akinetic at rest, and from 2.32±0.92 to 2.13±0.85 s−1 at peak). The decrease in SLS in segments with contractility worsening was higher than in segments without induced impairment (ΔSLS 2% vs 0%, P<.0001 for all LV segments and 2% vs 1%, P=.02 in mid‐LV segments). Absolute value of regional SLS <23% at peak DSE and decrease in SLS >2% from baseline showed 90% and 76% sensitivity for the detection of contractility impairment.ConclusionStrain analysis quantifies segmental LV contractility not only at rest and peak DSE but may be helpful in detection of stress‐induced contractility worsening.
Interpersonal sensitivity, bullying victimization and paranoid ideation among help‐seeking adolescents and young adults
Authors: Masillo Alice , Valmaggia Lucia R. , Saba Riccardo , Brandizzi Martina , Lo Cascio Nella , Telesforo Ludovica , Venturini Paola , Izzo Aniello , Mattioli M. Teresa , D'Alema Marco , Girardi Paolo , Fiori Nastro Paolo 
Published: May 2017

AimThe effects of a negative interpersonal experience, such as bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence, can be strong and long lasting. Bullying victimization is associated with paranoid ideation and suspiciousness. Few studies have focused on personality traits of victims of bullying. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a particular personality trait called interpersonal sensitivity may be related to suspiciousness in those who experienced bullying victimization.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 147 help‐seeking adolescents (mean age 17 years) selected after a screening phase (Prodromal Questionnaire) and evaluated with the Structured Interview for Psychosis‐risk Syndromes (SIPS). All participants were specifically asked if they had experienced either psychological bullying or physical bullying, and they completed the Interpersonal Sensitivity Measure (IPSM).ResultsOf the whole sample, 30 (20%) participants had experienced psychological bullying or physical bullying at least once in their life. Performing a multiple regression, bullying victimization was found to be an independent predictor of subtle paranoid ideation and suspiciousness. Interpersonal sensitivity was also found to be an independent predictor of subtle paranoid ideation; in particular, two IPSM subscales, fragile inner‐self and separation anxiety, showed a significant correlation with subtle paranoid ideation.ConclusionsOur results confirmed that bullying victimization is a negative interpersonal experience associated with paranoid ideation and suspiciousness. However, being overly sensitive and having negative beliefs about the self as fragile and vulnerable to threat also lead to a tendency to attribute experiences as externally caused and, in turn, facilitate the formation and maintenance of paranoid ideation.
Emergence of Bruton's tyrosine kinase‐negative Hodgkin lymphoma during ibrutinib treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Glavey Siobhan , Quinn John , McCloy Mary , Sargent Jeremy , McCartney Yvonne , Catherwood Mark , Marafioti Teresa , Leader Mary , Murphy Philip , Thornton Patrick 
Published: May 2017

AbstractChronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is a chronic B‐cell lympho‐proliferative disorder in which lymphomatous transformations occur in 5%‐15% of patients. Histologically these cases resemble diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, or Richter's transformation, in over 80% of cases. Rare cases of transformation to Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have been reported in the literature with an estimated prevalence of 0.4%. We report a case of a 67‐year‐old female with CLL treated with the novel Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) inhibitor, ibrutinib, who subsequently presented with intractable fevers. Bone marrow trephine, and lymph node biopsy revealed classical HL with negative immuno‐histochemistry for Btk in HL cells, on a backdrop of CLL. The patient commenced treatment with Adriamycin, Vinblastine and Dacarbazine (AVD), which resulted in an excellent response. Hodgkin transformation of CLL is rare with a single retrospective study of 4121 CLL patients reporting only 18 cases. Btk expression in HL cells is recently recognised in classical HL; however, the majority of HLs are Btk negative. Given that Btk inhibitors have recently been shown to induce genomic instability in B cells, in the context of their widespread use, such emerging cases are increasingly relevant.
Optimal climate for large trees at high elevations drives patterns of biomass in remote forests of Papua New Guinea
Authors: Venter Michelle , Dwyer John , Dieleman Wouter , Ramachandra Anurag , Gillieson David , Laurance Susan , Cernusak Lucas A. , Beehler Bruce , Jensen Rigel , Bird Michael I. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOur ability to model global carbon fluxes depends on understanding how terrestrial carbon stocks respond to varying environmental conditions. Tropical forests contain the bulk of the biosphere's carbon. However, there is a lack of consensus as to how gradients in environmental conditions affect tropical forest carbon. Papua New Guinea (PNG) lies within one of the largest areas of contiguous tropical forest and is characterized by environmental gradients driven by altitude; yet, the region has been grossly understudied. Here, we present the first field assessment of aboveground biomass (AGB) across three main forest types of PNG using 193 plots stratified across 3,100‐m elevation gradient. Unexpectedly, AGB had no direct relationship to rainfall, temperature, soil, or topography. Instead, natural disturbances explained most variation in AGB. While large trees (diameter at breast height > 50 cm) drove altitudinal patterns of AGB, resulting in a major peak in AGB (2,200–3,100 m) and some of the most carbon‐rich forests at these altitudes anywhere. Large trees were correlated to a set of climatic variables following a hump‐shaped curve. The set of “optimal” climatic conditions found in montane cloud forests is similar to that of maritime temperate areas that harbor the largest trees in the world: high ratio of precipitation to evapotranspiration (2.8), moderate mean annual temperature (13.7°C), and low intra‐annual temperature range (7.5°C). At extreme altitudes (2,800–3,100 m), where tree diversity elsewhere is usually low and large trees are generally rare or absent, specimens from 18 families had girths >70 cm diameter and maximum heights 20–41 m. These findings indicate that simple AGB‐climate‐edaphic models may not be suitable for estimating carbon storage in forests where optimal climate niches exist. Our study, conducted in a very remote area, suggests that tropical montane forests may contain greater AGB than previously thought and the importance of securing their future under a changing climate is therefore enhanced.
Reclaiming Tangible Heritage: Cultural Aesthetics, Materiality, and Ethnic Belonging in the Maya Diaspora
Authors: Barenboim Deanna 
Published: May 2017

ResumenEste artículo trata la materialización del hogar y la herencia en el contexto de la migración indígena de Yucatán, México, a los Estados Unidos. Analizo la manera en que la realidad contemporánea de la migración Maya, junto con el largo legado de desarraigo y de apropiación cultural, forman la manera en que los migrantes interactúan día a día con la cultura material que los rodea. La manipulación por los migrantes indígenas de objetos a los cuales se les asignan propósitos nuevos que enlazan la vida migrante a la cultura del pueblo y a la herencia arqueológica, toma una prominencia y un significado particular en el contexto de la migración transnacional. A través de encuentros táctiles y visuales con objetos re‐definidos que funcionan como indicadores de la identidad Maya y la distinción cultural, los migrantes se re‐apoderan de la herencia tangible y crean una “estética de herencia” que les permite reclamar custodia de lugar, hogar, y pertenencia. En retrospectiva, los objetos usados en este proceso permiten que el migrante solidifique una identidad indígena étnica emergente que depende de conexiones emocionales con su hogar al igual que con su pasado pre‐Hispánico.
Impact of Providing Compassion on Job Performance and Mental Health: The Moderating Effect of Interpersonal Relationship Quality
Authors: Chu Li‐Chuan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeTo examine the relationships of providing compassion at work with job performance and mental health, as well as to identify the role of interpersonal relationship quality in moderating these relationships.Design and MethodsThis study adopted a two‐stage survey completed by 235 registered nurses employed by hospitals in Taiwan. All hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression analyses.FindingsThe results show that providing compassion is an effective predictor of job performance and mental health, whereas interpersonal relationship quality can moderate the relationships of providing compassion with job performance and mental health.ConclusionsWhen nurses are frequently willing to listen, understand, and help their suffering colleagues, the enhancement engendered by providing compassion can improve the provider's job performance and mental health. Creating high‐quality relationships in the workplace can strengthen the positive benefits of providing compassion.Clinical RelevanceMotivating employees to spontaneously exhibit compassion is crucial to an organization. Hospitals can establish value systems, belief systems, and cultural systems that support a compassionate response to suffering. In addition, nurses can internalize altruistic belief systems into their own personal value systems through a long process of socialization in the workplace.
Daily oral administration of low-dose methotrexate has greater antirheumatic effects in collagen-induced arthritis rats
Authors: Koyama Aoi , Tanaka Aki , To Hideto 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Methotrexate (MTX) is administered once or thrice weekly to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Even though RA continually progresses, MTX is not administered daily. Therefore, we investigated whether the daily administration of a low dose of MTX inhibits the progression of arthritis in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats.

Methods
Methotrexate was orally administered once weekly, thrice weekly and once daily to CIA rats, and arthritis scores were measured.

Key findings
When the same dose of MTX was administered, the exacerbation of arthritis was inhibited significantly more in the once-daily group than in the other groups. When the dose in the once-daily group was reduced to one-fourth that of the current standard dosing method, arthritis scores were markedly lower in the once-daily group than in the once and thrice-weekly groups.

Conclusions
The daily administration of a low dose of MTX not only maintained normal levels that estimated adverse effects but also suppressed the progression of arthritis significantly more than the current standard dosing method. The results indicate that the reconsideration of dosing schedules based on the characteristics of MTX will lead to more effective RA therapy than that currently used in clinical practice.
Effects of a lifestyle intervention on REM sleep‐related OSA severity in obese individuals with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Shechter Ari , Foster Gary D. , Lang Wei , Reboussin David M. , St‐Onge Marie‐Pierre , Zammit Gary , Newman Anne B. , Millman Richard P. , Wadden Thomas A. , Jakicic John M. , Strotmeyer Elsa S. , Wing Rena R. , Pi‐Sunyer F. Xavier , Kuna Samuel T. ,   The Sleep Ahead Research Group of the Look Ahead Research Group
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine if an intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) reduces the severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in rapid‐eye movement (REM) sleep, and to determine if longitudinal changes in glycaemic control are related to changes in OSA severity during REM sleep over a 4‐year follow‐up. This was a randomized controlled trial including 264 overweight/obese adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and OSA. Participants were randomized to an ILI targeted to weight loss or a diabetes support and education (DSE) control group. Measures included anthropometry, apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) during REM sleep (REM‐AHI) and non‐REM sleep (NREM‐AHI) and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) at baseline and year 1, year 2 and year 4 follow‐ups. Mean baseline values of REM‐AHI were significantly higher than NREM‐AHI in both groups. Both REM‐AHI and NREM‐AHI were reduced significantly more in ILI versus DSE, but these differences were attenuated slightly after adjustment for weight changes. Repeated‐measure mixed‐model analyses including data to year 4 demonstrated that changes in HbA1c were related significantly to changes in weight, but not to changes in REM‐AHI and NREM‐AHI. Compared to control, the ILI reduced REM‐AHI and NREM‐AHI during the 4‐year follow‐up. Weight, as opposed to REM‐AHI and NREM‐AHI, was related to changes in HbA1c. The findings imply that weight loss from a lifestyle intervention is more important than reductions in AHI for improving glycaemic control in T2D patients with OSA.
Postoperative Evaluation of Reduction Loss in Proximal Humeral Fractures: A Comparison of Plain Radiographs and Computed Tomography
Authors: Jia Xiao‐yang , Chen Yan‐xi , Qiang Min‐fei , Zhang Kun , Li Hao‐bo , Jiang Yu‐chen , Zhang Yi‐jie 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo compare postoperative CT images with plain radiographs for measuring prognostic factors of reduction loss of fractures of the proximal part of the humerus.MethodsA total of 65 patients who sustained fractures of the proximal humerus treated with locking plates from June 2012 to October 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 24 men and 41 women, with a mean age of 60.0 years (range, 22–76 years). According to the Neer classification system of proximal humeral fracture, there were 26 two‐part, 27 three‐part and 12 four‐part fractures of the proximal part of the humerus, and all fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using locked plating. All postoperative CT images and plain radiographs of the patients were obtained. Prognostic factors of the reduction loss were the change of neck shaft angle (NSA) and the change of humeral head height (HHH). The change of NSA and HHH were evaluated by the difference between postoperative initial and final follow‐up measurement. Reduction loss was defined as the change ≥10° for NSA or ≥5 mm for HHH. The NSA and HHH were measured using plain radiographs and 3‐D CT images, both initially and at final follow‐up. The paired t‐test was used for comparison of NSA, change of NSA, HHH, and change of HHH between two image modalities. The differences between two image modalities in the assessment of reduction loss were examined using the χ2‐test (McNemar test). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to assess the intra‐observer and inter‐observer reliability.Results3‐D CT images (ICC range, 0.834–0.967) were more reliable in all parameters when compared with plain radiographs (ICC range, 0.598–0.915). Significant differences were found between the two image modalities in all parameters (plain radiographs: initial NSA = 133.6° ± 3.8°, final NSA = 130.0° ± 1.9°, initial HHH = 17.9 ± 0.9 mm, final HHH = 15.8 ± 1.5 mm; 3‐D CT: initial NSA = 131.4° ± 3.4°, final NSA = 128.8° ± 1.7°, initial HHH = 16.8 ± 1.2 mm, final HHH = 14.5 ± 1.1 mm; all P < 0.05). In the assessment of reduction loss, the percentage was 16.9% (11/65) for the plain radiographs and 7.7% (5/65) for the 3‐D CT scans (P < 0.05). For the 5 patients with reduction loss, which were observed by two imaging modalities, the mean Constant–Murley score was 61.0 ± 1.6. The patients with reduction loss, observed only in plain radiographs but not CT images, had good shoulder function (Constant–Murley score: 82.7 ± 1.0).ConclusionsOur data reveal that 3‐D CT images are more reliable than plain radiographs in the assessment of the prognostic factors of reduction loss of fractures of the proximal part of the humerus with treatment of locking plates; this reliable CT technique can serve as an effective guideline for the subsequent clinical management of patients.