bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fascial Graft Repair of Wide Bilateral Cleft Lip Deformity
Authors: Hosny Husam , Abdelsattar Ayman Husein 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Wide bilateral cleft lip deformity reconstruction represents a special difficulty as it affects the lip, nose, and maxillary segments making single-stage reconstruction sometimes unobtainable. Many surgical and nonsurgical techniques have been prescribed to facilitate the definitive repair. Although some of these techniques proved to be useful, they have their inherent limitations and add another treatment step with all its possible complications and costs. The authors present a new method to address muscle layer repair in 1-stage procedure. It entails using fascial graft obtained from the temporalis muscle fascia or fascia lata, to reconstruct orbicularis oris lip muscle. Seven patients of wide bilateral cleft lip deformity (mean 17 mm) with a mean age of 4.4 months were subjected to single-stage lip reconstruction. After measuring the defect between both lateral muscle segments in front of the premaxilla intraoperatively ensuring that direct muscle repair could not be obtained, a fascial graft was harvested and sutured to both muscle edges. The authors found that, regardless the defect size or premaxilla protrusion, all wide clefts could be reconstructed satisfactorily in 1 stage procedure. No serious postoperative complications have been encountered in the lip or donor areas. Early follow-up reporting of the patients revealed stable repair. However more follow-up is still needed to assess late sequelae. In conclusion, fascial graft muscle repair of wide bilateral cleft lip deformity enables early 1-stage lip reconstruction without tension. The added donor morbidity is minimal and well tolerated.
Craniocervical Pseudomeningocele Following Cerebellar Meningioma Resection: Demonstration of Neck of Pseudomeningocele With Three-Dimensional Isotropic T2-Weighted SPACE Sequence at 3 Tesla (3T) Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Ayyildiz Veysel , Ogul Hayri 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Postoperative pseudomeningocele is an uncommon complication of craniospinal surgery. Diagnosis is reached on a postoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Demonstration of the location and dimension of the dural defect before surgical therapy is a very important. T1- and T2-weighted MR images revealed a significant pseudomeningocele extending from left cervicooccipital region. Magnitude and phase-contrast-MR images showed a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow into pseudomeningocele, but they no revealed dural defect. Three-dimensional isotropic T2-weighted SPACE sequence revealed a signal void indicating CSF flow into pseudomeningocele and location and exact size of dural tear. Three-dimensional isotropic T2-weighted SPACE sequence is certainly the noninvasive and optimal method for demonstrating postoperative pseudomeningocele sacs. It demonstrates a pseudomeningocele regardless of an existing communication with the dural membrane.
Variability in Minimally Invasive Surgery for Sagittal Craniosynostosis
Authors: Garland Catharine B. , Camison Liliana , Dong Shirley M. , Mai Rick S. , Losee Joseph E. , Goldstein Jesse A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Minimally invasive approaches to the surgical correction of sagittal craniosynostosis are gaining favor as an alternative to open cranial vault remodeling. In this systematic review, the reviewers evaluate the variability in described surgical techniques for minimally invasive correction of sagittal craniosynostosis. Articles were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria from an online literature search through PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library. Extracted data included the incisions, method of dissection, osteotomies performed, and type of force therapy utilized.
A total of 28 articles from 15 author groups were included in the final analysis. Of the 28 articles, 17 distinct techniques were identified. Significant variation existed in both the technique and the terminology used to describe it. Access to the cranium varied between a standard bicoronal incision (n = 2), a “lazy S” incision (n = 2), and multiple short incisions along the fused sagittal suture (n = 13). Additional variations were found in the size and design of the osteotomy, the usage (and duration, if applicable) of force therapy, and the age of the patient at the time of surgical intervention.
This systematic review demonstrates that minimally invasive approaches to sagittal craniosynostosis vary widely in technique with respect to the incisions, osteotomies, and force therapy used. Additionally, the terminology employed in describing minimally invasive approaches is inconsistent across centers. This discrepancy between technique and terminology presents challenges for reporting and interpreting the increasing body of literature on this subject. We recommend standard terminology be used for future publications on minimally invasive techniques.
Evaluation of Sinonasal Change After Lefort I Osteotomy Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography Images
Authors: Baeg Seung Woo , Hong Yun Pyo , Cho Dong Hyun , Lee Jeong Keun , Song Seung Il 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Orthognathic surgery including Le Fort I osteotomy involves changes in the nasal septum and maxillary sinus. This study assesses nasal septum changes after Le Fort I osteotomy using cone beam computed tomography images and evaluates mucosal changes in the maxillary sinus after the surgery.
This was a retrospective study of 33 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery including Le Fort I osteotomy. To assess the maxillary sinus, changes in the mucosa of the maxillary sinus were analyzed by volume and geometry. We measured the air cavity per se and mucosal thickening of the maxillary sinus using SIMPLANT (Materialise, Belgium) software. And the geometry of the distribution of the mucosa was analyzed using cone beam computed tomography images.
The septal angle was decreased after surgery, but not significantly (P > 0.05). The volume reduction of the air cavity per se and the volume increase associated with mucosal thickening were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Mucosal thickening was observed in the posterior-inferior direction.
In this study, nasal septum deviation was not statistically significant after Le Fort I osteotomy. Decrease of the air cavity per se, decrease of the total volume of the maxillary sinus, and increase of mucosal thickening were prominent. Furthermore, the mucosal thickening that occurs after surgery appears to be mainly in the posterior lower part of the maxillary sinus.
Reconstruction of Liposarcoma Resection Defect With a Made-to-Measure Polyethylene Prosthesis Using Three-Dimensional Digital Technology
Authors: Hernando Josué , Geijo David , Leizaola-Cardesa Ignacio Osoitz , Aguilar-Salvatierra Antonio , Gómez María Carmen , Erce Cristina , Martín Javier , Gómez-Moreno Gerardo 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Liposarcoma is considered one of the most frequently occurring tumors of the soft tissues, representing 17% to 30% of all mesenchymal cell tumors. It is less common in the head and neck representing <10% of tumors in this region. The reconstruction of defects derived from resection of these tumors presents a surgical challenge. New three-dimensional digital technologies allow more exact surgery, cause less morbidity, and achieve adequate aesthetic outcomes.

Objective:
The aim of this article was to describe the complex reconstruction of a defect caused by the resection of a liposarcoma in the temporal region.

Methods:
Three-dimensional technology allowed patient planning and a reconstruction that was as exact as possible. A made-to-measure polymethyl methacrylate prosthesis was used to correct the defect in the zygomatic arch. The temporal fossa was covered with a standard porous polyethylene prosthesis.

Conclusions:
Satisfactory esthetic and functional results were achieved using three-dimensional digital technology for treatment planning and to fabricate a made-to-measure polyethylene prosthesis and surgical guide.
Mechanisms of Thrombocytopenia During Septic Shock: A Multiplex Cluster Analysis of Endogenous Sepsis Mediators
Authors: Bedet Alexandre , Razazi Keyvan , Boissier Florence , Surenaud Mathieu , Hue Sophie , Giraudier Stéphane , Brun-Buisson Christian , Mekontso Dessap Armand 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Thrombocytopenia is a common feature of sepsis and may involve various mechanisms often related to the inflammatory response. This study aimed at evaluating factors associated with thrombocytopenia during human septic shock. In particular, we used a multiplex analysis to assess the role of endogenous sepsis mediators.

Methods:
Prospective, observational study. Thrombocytopenia was defined as an absolute platelet count <100 G/L or a 50% relative decrease in platelet count during the first week of septic shock. Plasma concentrations of 27 endogenous mediators involved in sepsis and platelet pathophysiology were assessed at day-1 using a multi-analyte Milliplex human cytokine kit. Patients with underlying diseases at risk of thrombocytopenia (hematological malignancies, chemotherapy, cirrhosis, and chronic heart failure) were excluded.

Results:
Thrombocytopenia occurred in 33 (55%) of 60 patients assessed. Patients with thrombocytopenia were more prone to present with extrapulmonary infections and bacteremia. Disseminated intravascular coagulation was frequent (81%) in these patients. Unbiased hierarchical clustering identified five different clusters of sepsis mediators, including one with markers of platelet activation (e.g., thrombospondin-1) positively associated with platelet count, one with markers of inflammation (e.g., tumor necrosis factor alpha and heat shock protein 70), and endothelial dysfunction (e.g., intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) negatively associated with platelet count, and another involving growth factors of thrombopoiesis (e.g., thrombopoietin), also negatively associated with platelet count. Surrogates of hemodilution (e.g., hypoprotidemia and higher fluid balance) were also associated with thrombocytopenia.

Conclusion:
Multiple mechanisms seemed involved in thrombocytopenia during septic shock, including endothelial dysfunction/coagulopathy, hemodilution, and altered thrombopoiesis.
A helicase-containing module defines a family of pCD630-like plasmids inClostridium difficile
Authors: Smits Wiep Klaas , Weese J. Scott , Roberts Adam P. , Harmanus Céline , Hornung Bastian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractClostridium difficileis a Gram-positive and sporulating enteropathogen that is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections. Even though a large number of genomes of this species have been sequenced, only a few plasmids have been described in the literature. Here, we use a combination ofin silicoanalyses and laboratory experiments to show that plasmids are common inC. difficile. We focus on a group of plasmids that share similarity with the plasmid pCD630, from the reference strain 630. The family of pCD630-like plasmids is defined by the presence of a conserved putative helicase that is likely part of the plasmid replicon. This replicon is compatible with at least some otherC. difficilereplicons, as strains can carry pCD630-like plasmids in addition to other plasmids. We find two distinct sub-groups of pCD630-like plasmids that differ in size and accessory modules. This study is the first to describe a family of plasmids inC. difficile.
Electrophysiological Signature Reveals Laminar Structure of the Porcine Hippocampus
Authors: Ulyanova Alexandra V. , Koch Paul F. , Cottone Carlo , Grovola Michael R. , Adam Christopher D. , Browne Kevin D. , Weber Maura T. , Russo Robin J. , Gagnon Kimberly G. , Smith Douglas H. , Chen H. Isaac , Johnson Victoria E. , Cullen D. Kacy , Wolf John A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe hippocampus is integral to working and episodic memory, and is a central region of interest in diseases affecting these processes. Pig models are widely used in translational research, and may provide an excellent bridge between rodents and non-human primates for CNS disease models due to their gyrencephalic neuroanatomy and significant white matter composition. However, the laminar structure of the pig hippocampus has not been well characterized. Therefore, we histologically characterized the dorsal hippocampus of Yucatan miniature pigs and quantified the cytoarchitecture of the hippocampal layers. We then utilized stereotaxis combined with single unit electrophysiological mapping to precisely place multichannel laminar silicon probes into the dorsal hippocampus without the need for image guidance. We usedin vivoelectrophysiological recordings of simultaneous laminar field potentials and single unit activity in multiple layers of the dorsal hippocampus to physiologically identify and quantify these layers under anesthesia. Consistent with previous reports, we found the porcine hippocampus to have the expected archicortical laminar structure with some anatomical and histological features comparable to the rodent and others to the primate hippocampus. Importantly, we found these distinct features to be reflected in the laminar electrophysiology. This characterization, as well as our electrophysiology-based methodology targeting the porcine hippocampal lamina combined with high channel count silicon probes will allow for analysis of spike-field interactions during normal and disease states in both anesthetized and future awake behaving neurophysiology in this large animal.Significance StatementThe hippocampus is central to working and episodic memory and is critically affected by diverse disease processes. In order to investigate hippocampal electrophysiology in translational large animal models, we developed an imaging-free stereotaxis and intraoperative electrophysiology methodology with custom silicon probes to precisely localize probe placement within the hippocampal laminar structure. We report for the first time the profile of single units and local field potentials in the pig dorsal hippocampus and relate them to a histological description. This characterization forms the basis for accessible translational pig models to study diseases of the central nervous system affecting hippocampal circuitry in the large animal gyrencephalic brain, as well as the groundwork for potential awake behaving neurophysiology of the porcine hippocampus.Funding SourcesThe Department of Veterans Affairs, IK2-RX001479, I01-RX001097. The National Institutes of Health, NINDS R01-NS-101108-01, T32-NS043126. CURE Foundation, Taking Flight Award. DoD ERP CDMRP, W81XWH-16-1-0675.
Cellular diversity of the somatosensory cortical map plasticity
Authors: Kole Koen , Scheenen Wim , Tiesinga Paul , Celikel Tansu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSensory maps are representations of the sensory epithelia in the brain. Despite the intuitive explanatory power behind sensory maps as being neuronal precursors to sensory perception, and sensory cortical plasticity as a neural correlate of perceptual learning, molecular mechanisms that regulate map plasticity are not well understood. Here we perform a meta-analysis of transcriptional and translational changes during altered whisker use to nominate the major molecular correlates of experience-dependent map plasticity in the barrel cortex. We argue that brain plasticity is a systems level response, involving all cell classes, from neuron and glia to non-neuronal cells including endothelia. Using molecular pathway analysis, we further propose a gene regulatory network that could couple activity dependent changes in neurons to adaptive changes in neurovasculature, and finally we show that transcriptional regulations observed in major brain disorders target genes that are modulated by altered sensory experience. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms of experience-dependent plasticity of sensory maps might help to unravel the cellular events that shape brain plasticity in health and disease.
Acetylcholine disinhibits hippocampal circuits to enable rapid formation of overlapping memory ensembles
Authors: Prince Luke Y. , Tsaneva-Atanasova Krasimira , Clopath Claudia , Mellor Jack R. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the hippocampus, episodic memories are thought to be encoded by the formation of ensembles of synaptically coupled CA3 pyramidal cells driven by sparse but powerful mossy fiber inputs from dentate gyrus granule cells. Acetylcholine is proposed as the salient signal that determines which memories are encoded but its actions on mossy fiber transmission are largely unknown. Here, we show experimentally that cholinergic receptor activation suppresses feedforward inhibition and enhances excitatory-inhibitory ratio. In reconstructions of CA3 pyramidal cells, this disinhibition enables postsynaptic dendritic depolarization required for synaptic plasticity at CA3-CA3 recurrent synapses. We further show in a spiking neural network model of CA3 how a combination of disinhibited mossy fiber activity, enhanced cellular excitability and reduced recurrent synapse strength can drive rapid overlapping ensemble formation. Thus, we propose a coordinated set of mechanisms by which acetylcholine release enables the selective encoding of salient high-density episodic memories in the hippocampus.
Moderate-Throughput Identification and Comparison of Campylobacter-Infecting Bacteriophages
Authors: Johnson Tylor J. , Shank Janette M. , Patel Kishen M. , Paredes Maribel D. , Lee Esther D. , Mitchell Mary K. , Denes Thomas G. , Johnson Jeremiah G. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCampylobacter jejuniis a leading cause of foodborne infection due to its ability to asymptomatically colonize agricultural animals. In addition to its prevalence,Campylobacteris becoming increasingly resistant to the clinical antibiotics, azithromycin and ciprofloxacin. As a result, public health agencies have identified drug resistantCampylobacteras a serious threat to public health and have suggested combating the pathogen at the farm-level by reducing its burden within agricultural animal reservoirs. Due to antibiotic restrictions in agricultural animals, reducingCampylobacterburden on the farm requires the identification and development of novel approaches. To this end, our group employed a broad sampling strategy to isolate a diverse collection of bacteriophages that can predateCampylobacter. We successfully isolated 70 bacteriophages from these samples and subjected them to whole-genome sequencing and initial comparative genomic analysis. Following this analysis, we performed dose-response assays by adding increasing concentrations of bacteriophage toC. jejunicultures. From this work, we were able to identify diverse phage groups from multiple sources that correlated with robust inhibition ofC. jejunigrowth. Lastly, we employed transmission electron microscopy to examine the morphology of these bacteriophages and were able to confirm that genetic diversity reflected morphological diversity in these bacteriophages.ImportanceGlobally,Campylobacter jejuniis the most common cause of bacterial-derived gastroenteritis due to its ability to colonize agriculturally relevant animals. The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistantC. jejunistrains necessitates the development of novel treatments to combat colonization of the animal host. In this study, we describe the isolation of 70 bacteriophages from various environmental sources that infect and killC. jejuni. A robust analysis of the genetic diversity of these phage is described, and transmission electron microscopy is utilized to evaluate morphological differences. This study describes a novel prospecting strategy for isolating bacteriophage that infectC. jejunifrom various environmental sources. In previous studies, bacteriophage that killC. jejunihave been isolated from sewage and pig manure; however, the majority have been isolated from chickens, and have been relatively few in number. We postulate this study increases the likelihood of isolating bacteriophage efficacious at combatingC. jejunicolonization of agricultural animal hosts at the farm-level or treating infected humans.
Whistleblowing as a countermeasure strategy against food crime
Authors: Soon Jan Mei , Manning Louise 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to undertake a two-phase desktop review of literature sources in order to conceptualise, frame, and critique existing whistleblowing models and strategies and consider how whistleblowing strategies form part of an effective food crime management system (FCMS) especially for small and medium sized organisations.Design/methodology/approachExisting literature from academic sources, financial, healthcare, food industries has been reviewed and critiqued in order to construct a conceptual framework that can inform future empirical research.FindingsWhistleblowing strategies can form an effective part of a FCMS. Appropriate regulatory protection of those who whistleblow is crucial to not only safeguard individuals but also to mitigate food crime and protect consumers from loss and potential harm. Barriers to whistleblowing exist and if these are not addressed then individuals will be reluctant to report food crime. Further empirical research is required to assess the influence of these and other factors identified in this research and how they can be overcome.Originality/valueThe framework will provide food industry practitioners with guidance on the effective application of whistleblowing strategies within a FCMS.
CARVER+Shock method and its application in a catering company in Poland
Authors: Wiśniewska Małgorzata 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the practical implementation of the CARVER+Shock (CS) method and describe the following steps of vulnerability assessment on the basis of a catering company, and to confirm that it can be successfully applied by the restaurant for better preparation regarding potential, intentional contamination.

Design/methodology/approach
The research method is a case study, including examining the company’s documentation and the interview with the company owner. The analysis refers to the following seven attributes: criticality, accessibility, recuperability, vulnerability, effect, recognizability and shock.

Findings
The practical application of CS method in company allows indicating the most vulnerable phases of the catering process. The values of “recuperability,” “effect” and “shock” are increasing along with the development of the catering process. The lowest risk of threat is observed at the first phases of the catering process, and the most risky were those connected with the preliminary consumption phase and with the final phase, which is arranged in the place of the event. The attributes “recognizability” and “effect” have the greatest influence on the outcome. The closer the food gets to the consumer, the higher is the risk of intentional contamination, and the harder it is to reverse its effects.

Originality/value
In the scientific literature, there is a gap observed in the subject of applying the CS method. This is the first case study presentation referring to its application in catering processes in Poland.