bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Ptilocaulin and Its 7‐Epimer.
Authors: HASSNER A. , MURTHY K. S. K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus dem Cyclopentenylmethyl‐methyl‐keton (I) entsteht mit dem aus Hexanaloxim erhaltenen Dianion (II) das auch anderweitig hergestellte Addukt (III) in hoher Ausbeute; (III) dient als Zwischenstufe in einer stereospezifischen Synthese von Ptilocaulin (IV) sowie dem Isoptilocaulin; diese Verbindungen besitzen autileukämische und mikrobizide Eigenschaften.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of (±)‐Periplanone B.
Authors: HAUPTMANN H. , MUEHLBAUER G. + , WALKER N. P. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Diels‐Alder‐Reaktion zu (III) stellt die wesentliche Reaktion in der nachfolgenden Synthese von (±)‐Pe‐ riplanon B (IV), einem Sexuallockstoff der amerikanischen Schabe (Periplaneta americana), über diskutierte Zwischenstufen dar.
ChemInform Abstract: Improvements of Anode Properties of Aluminium Alloys for Aluminium Primary Cell: Heat Treatment and Corrosion Inhibitors.
Authors: HORI Y. , TAKAO J. , SHOMON H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe effect of heat treatment on the anode properties has been investigated chiefly for the alloy Al‐3.0 Zn‐ 0.13 Sn‐0.0l Ga‐0.07 Bi (Wt.‐%).
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of Optimal Formation Conditions for Tubular Positive Electrodes of Lead/Acid Batteries.
Authors: LIN M. T. , WANG Y. Y. , WAN C. C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAstatistical approach (the following factors are Considered: electrolyte Concentration, Charge amount, Charge time, and electrolyte temp.) ‐ has been used to design the experiments for the determination of optimal Conditions of the formation for tubular lead/acid batteries.
ChemInform Abstract: The Bromide/Bromous Acid Reaction. Switch‐Controlling Step of the Belousov‐ Zhabotinskii Oscillating System.
Authors: ARIESE F. , NAGY Z. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe rate constant of the title reaction has been measured at various H2SO4 concentrations (0.02‐l M) using a Br′ selective electrode.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic Studies. Part 44. Novel Tricyclic Compounds Containing the Pyrimido[5,4‐d]‐1,2,3‐triazine System.
Authors: CLARK J. , VARVOUNIS G. , BAKAVOLI M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAseries of pyrimido[5,4‐d]‐1,2,3‐triazine compounds is available using the reactions shown in the scheme (in part yields are given in g).
ChemInform Abstract: Actinide Structural Studies. Part 8. Some New Oxygen‐donor Complexes of Trichloro(cyclopentadienyl)neptunium(IV).
Authors: BAGNALL K. W. , PAYNE G. F. , ALCOCK N. W. , FLANDERS D. J. , BROWN D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe complexes (II) with octahedrally coordinated Np(IV) are prepared as shown and characterized by IR and near‐IR‐visible absorption spectra.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Trinuclear Ruthenium Complexes Involving Bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) as a Bridging Ligand: Facile Declusterification of [Ru3(CO)8(μ‐dppm‐PP′)2] in the Presence of Iodine and the Crystal Structure of [Ru2(μ‐I)2(CO)4(μ‐dppm‐PP′)].
Authors: COLOMBIE A. , LAVIGNE G. , BONNET J.‐J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractElectrophilic attack of I2 at the carbonyl cluster (I) proceeds with Cluster fragmentation to yield a mixture of (II) and (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Stability of the Arsenide Co5As2.
Authors: ELLNER M. , LUKACEVIC E. , EL‐BORAGY M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAs shown by thermoanalytical, X‐ ray diffraction, and metallographic studies the title compound is a high temp. phase which undergoes an eutectoid transformation at 1140 Kgiving the solid solution CoAsm and CozAs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Barrier Process for Inhibiting p‐CuxS Grain Boundary Growth in Thin Film CdS Solar Cells.
Authors: RASTOGI A. C. , SALKALACHEN S. , BALAKRISHNA K. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA new technique of barrier formation in thin film CdS:Cu"Ssolar cells by chemiplating under the influence of a dc field at the CdS film is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon‐ and Tin‐Directed Oxidative Decarboxylation: Regioselective Formation of Olefins from β‐Silyl and β‐Stannyl Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: NISHIYAMA H. , MATSUMOTO M. , ARAI H. , SAKAGUCHI H. , ITOH K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAus den β‐Silyl‐ und β‐Stannyl‐carbonsäuren (I) erhält man mit Bleitetraacetat Styrol (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical 1,4‐Diketones via the Michael‐Stetter Reaction.
Authors: PHILLIPS R. B. , HERBERT S. A. , ROBICHAUD A. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDer Substituenteneinfluß der durch Natriumcyanid katalysierten Herstellung der Diketone (III), (VI) und (VIII) aus Aldehyden wie (I) und (IV) und Mannich‐Basen wie (II), (V) und (VII) wird untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels‐Alder Reactions of 3(2H)‐Isoquinolinones. Part 5. Reaction with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate.
Authors: HAZAI L. , SCHNITTA A. , DEAK G. , TAMAS J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of the isoquinolinone (I) with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (II) yields the Michael adduct (III) instead of the expectäd Diels‐Alder adduct (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Spectral Properties, and Substitution Reactions of M(CO)3(S2CNC4H4)2 (M: Mo, W) Complexes Containing the Electronically Unique Pyrrole‐N‐carbodithioate Ligand.
Authors: HERRICK R. S. , TEMPLETON J. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe seven‐coordinate pyrrole‐N‐carbodithioate‐Mo(II) and ‐W(II) complexes (III), (V), (VI), and (IX) are prepared as shown in the seheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of η6‐Acetophenone‐η5‐cyclopentadienyliron Hexafluorophosphate.
Authors: GILL U. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe cation (II) is obtained by nucleophilic Substitution of the Cl substituent in (I) with a carbanion derived from nitroethane in a l :l mixture with (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Dioxygen Complexes. Oxidative Dehydrogenation of 2‐(Aminomethyl)pyridine Through Cobalt Dioxygen Complex Formation.
Authors: BASAK A. K. , MARTELL A. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reactivity of coordinated dioxygen in dioxygen adducts formed from mixed ligand polyamine complexes of cobalt was studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring‐Formation by Methylation of Phenylserine Derivatives.
Authors: VARGA J. R. , PENKE B. , KOVACS K. , PELCZER I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe N‐protected serine (I) is treated with MeI/NaH in order to prepare the N‐methyl derivative, which is expected to yield adrenaline carboxylic acid by hydrogenolysis.
ChemInform Abstract: New Isomeric Tetranuclear Cluster Anions Mo4Cl123‐ : Fragments of the (Mo6Cl8)Cl62‐ Octahedral Cluster Anion.
Authors: AUFDEMBRINK B. A. , MCCARLEY R. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of [ the two isomeric Moßlf,′ Cluster anions is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics of Cyclopropyl Radical Reactions. Part 2. Studies on the Inversion of Cyclopropyl und 1‐Methylcyclopropyl Radicals and on the Kinetics of Some Addition und Abstraction Reactions of 1‐Methylcyclopropyl and 1‐Methoxycyclopropyl Radicals.
Authors: JOHNSTON L. J. , INGOLD K. U. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLaser flash photolytic studies have shown that the l‐methylcyclopropyl radical has a reactivity similar to that of the cyclopropyl radical toward styrene, β‐methylstyrene, 1,4‐cyclohexadiene, CClJBr, and n‐Bu3SnH but (hat it is more reactive to‐ ward CCl4.‐ Chemical trapping with CC 3Br of these two radicals stereospeci?bally labeled with deuterium yields rate constants for their inversion at 7°C of (2.l 1 0.8)‐ l0" 5"′ for C′CJH; CH, and ca. o′2s‐′ forc‐CJHS′.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple Selective Reduction by Sodium Borohydride of an Ester or a Cyano Group of α‐Cyano Epoxides.
Authors: MAUGER J. , ROBERT A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn selektiver Weise lassen sich die Ester‐Gruppe in den Epoxiden (I) bzw. eine der beiden Nitril‐Gruppen in (III) unter Bildung von Alkoho‐ 4 Icu u" ULW.
ChemInform Abstract: Perfluoroalkylations of Carbanions with (Perfluoroalkyl)phenyliodonium Triflates (FITS Reagents).
Authors: UMEMOTO T. , GOTOH Y. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPerfluoroalkylations of Carbanions with (Perfluoroalkyhphenyliodonium Triflates (FITS Reagents).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Diamantanedicarboxylic Acids with Carboxyl Groups on One Secondary and One Tertiary Carbon Atom.
Authors: VODICKA L. , BURKHARD J. , JANKU J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMixtures of the dicarboxylic acids (IIc) (2 isomers),(11Ic)and(lVc)are obtained by Koch‐ Haafcarboxylation (with formic/ sulfuric acid in CCl.) of the bromination product (by refluxing in dry bromine) of 3‐diamantane carboxylic acid (1) [a mixture of the bromo acids(1Ia),(1IIa)and (IVa)], as we11 as of the hydroxy acids (11b)/(l11b)/(IVb).
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Behaviour of Aminodihydrobenzothiazoles in Refluxing Dimethyl Sulphoxide.
Authors: TRAPANI G. , REHO A. , LATROFA A. , MORLACCHI F. , LISO G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhen the spiro compounds (Ia)‐(lf) are refluxed in DMSO, products (II)‐(XI) are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition Reaction of 1,4‐Dibromo‐2,5‐piperazinedione with 3,4‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyran.
Authors: ITOH K. , SERA A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhile irradiation of (I) and (II) in MeCN yields only the dione (III), in the presence of 1,2‐epoxybutane [method A)] considerable amounts of the addition products (IV)‐(IX) are also obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Stable 1,2‐Diazocines, 4,7‐Disubstituted 3,8‐Diaryl‐1,2‐diazacycloocta‐2,4,6,8‐tetraenes, and Their Thermolysis.
Authors: YOGI S. , HOKAMA K. , UENO K. , TSUGE O. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of the diaroylbutanes (I) Wim hydrazine yields the diazacyclooctadienes (II), which are convened via a Chlg?na.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds Series. Part 119. Synthesis of Halogenated Terpyridines and Incorporation of the Terpyridine Nucleus into a Polyethereal Macrocycle.
Authors: NEWKOME G. R. , HAGER D. C. , KIEFER G. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDas Terpyridin‐tri‐N‐oxid (I) liefert mit POCI; die isomeren Trichlorterpyridine (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses with Cyclobutadienes. Part 11. Isomerisation Reactions in the Dewar Pyridine/Pyridine System.
Authors: FINK J. , REGITZ M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCycloaddition of the cyclobutadiene (IV) with the activated nitriles (I) leads either to the Dewar pyridines (IIa)‐(IIc) or to the pyridine (IIId).
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridazines. Part 25. Formation of 2‐Benzoyl‐2,5‐dihydro‐3‐pyridazine‐ carbonitrile Derivatives in the Reissert Reaction of Pyridazines.
Authors: DOSTAL W. , HEINISCH G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDie Reissert‐Reaktionen der Pyridazine (I) werden untersucht.
Binding Modes of Thioflavin T on the Surface of Amyloid Fibrils Studied by NMR
Authors: Ivancic Valerie A. , Ekanayake Oshini , Lazo Noel D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe mechanism for the interaction of thioflavin T (ThT) with amyloid fibrils at the molecular level is not known. Here, we used 1H NMR spectroscopy to determine the binding mode of ThT on the surface of fibrils from lysozyme and insulin. Relayed rotating‐frame Overhauser enhancements in ThT were observed, indicating that the orientation of ThT is orthogonal to the fibril surface. Importantly, the assembly state of ThT on both surfaces is different. On the surface of insulin fibrils, ThT is oligomeric, as indicated by rapid 1H spin‐lattice relaxation rate in the rotating frame (R1ρ), presumably due to intermolecular dipole–dipole interactions between ThT molecules. In contrast, ThT on the surface of lysozyme fibrils is a monomer, as indicated by slower 1H R1ρ. These results shed new light into the mechanism for the enhancement of ThT fluorescence and may lead to more efficient detectors of amyloid assemblies, which have escaped detection by ThT in monomer form.
Attack‐pattern discovery based enhanced trust model for secure routing in mobile ad‐hoc networks
Authors: Jhaveri Rutvij H. , Patel Narendra M. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryMulti‐hop routing in an open environment in the absence of well‐established infrastructure and centralized authority strives for trustworthiness and cooperation of nodes in a Mobile Ad‐hoc Network (MANET). There is no guarantee of secure and reliable delivery of packets when some internal nodes intentionally perform packet forwarding misbehavior by compromising the routing mechanism. In this paper, we address this issue with a trust‐model integrated with an attack pattern discovery technique. Extended from the Ad‐hoc On‐demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol, we propose a trust‐based scheme founded on nodes' historical behaviors which adopts a pattern discovery mechanism in order to detect suspicious activities from the malevolent nodes before they start dropping data packets. We also present the detailed mode of operations of three distinct adversary models launching various kinds of packet forwarding misbehavior. Theoretical analysis and experimental results prove that the integration of a pattern discovery method with a trust‐based model provides earlier detection of adversaries which follow specific attack patterns and weakens their damaging effects on the network in comparison to a solitary trust‐based model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An energy‐efficient framework for ubiquitous phone access
Authors: Li Yantao , Zhou Gang , Leong Daniel 
Published: May 2016

SummaryEnergy‐constrained smartphones and operation‐facilitated tablets are popular and necessary in our daily life, and people may prefer to use tablet to access smartphone's features for energy efficiency and easy operation. In this paper, we present uPhone, an energy‐efficient framework for ubiquitous phone access that allows ubiquitous and symmetric access to a smartphone's core features via a third device such as a tablet. More specifically, we design uPhone in two main components of devices and uPhone server, then implement it on a smartphone as a primary device and a tablet as a secondary device, and finally evaluate it in terms of energy savings, latency, and reliability. The evaluation results demonstrate that uPhone achieves up to 44% energy savings compared with simply typing and sending messages, and notifies on a smartphone, incurs little latency overhead that is acceptable by users, and performs roughly equivalent to standard messages with a high‐quality user experience. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphorus metabolism of reef organisms with algal symbionts
Authors: Ferrier‐Pagès Christine , Godinot Claire , D'Angelo Cecilia , Wiedenmann Jörg , Grover Renaud 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhosphorus (P), an essential structural and functional component of all living organisms, is considered to be the ultimate limiting nutrient in marine ecosystems. To optimize its acquisition, marine species such as protozoa, sponges, foraminifera, clams, and reef corals, among others, have entered symbiotic relationships with algae, which recycle waste products of the animal host and transform dissolved inorganic nutrients into organic molecules, making them bioavailable to their host. Such associations provide a competitive edge in an environment where ambient nutrient availability is low. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the P sources available to reef organisms with algal symbionts, to discuss the means by which P is taken up and stored within the symbiosis, and to assess the effects of eutrophication‐induced phosphate enrichment on the algal and host physiology. Finally, we give an overview of knowledge gaps and open questions that should be addressed to better understand the role of phosphorus in reef symbioses functioning.
Ecological effects of extreme drought on Californian herbaceous plant communities
Authors: Copeland Stella M. , Harrison Susan P. , Latimer Andrew M. , Damschen Ellen I. , Eskelinen Anu M. , Fernandez‐Going Barbara , Spasojevic Marko J. , Anacker Brian L. , Thorne James H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the consequences of extreme climatic events is a growing challenge in ecology. Climatic extremes may differentially affect varying elements of biodiversity, and may not always produce ecological effects exceeding those of “normal” climatic variation in space and time. We asked how the extreme drought years of 2013–2014 affected the cover, species richness, functional trait means, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity of herbaceous plant communities across the California Floristic Province. We compared the directions and magnitudes of these drought effects with expectations from four “pre‐drought” studies of variation in water availability: (1) a watering experiment, (2) a long‐term (15‐yr) monitoring of interannual variability, (3) a resampling of historic (57‐yr‐old) plots within a warming and drying region, and (4) natural variation in communities over a broad geographic gradient in precipitation. We found that the drought was associated with consistent reductions in species richness and cover, especially for annual forbs and exotic annual grasses, but not with changes in functional or phylogenetic diversity. Except for total cover and cover of exotic annual grasses, most drought effects did not exceed quantitative expectations based on the four pre‐drought studies. Qualitatively, plant community responses to the drought were most concordant with responses to pre‐drought interannual rainfall variability in the 15‐yr monitoring study, and least concordant with responses to the geographic gradient in precipitation. Our results suggest that, at least in the short term, extreme drought may cause only a subset of community metrics to respond in ways that exceed normal background variability.
Legacy effects of drought in the southwestern United States: A multi‐species synthesis
Authors: Peltier Drew M. P. , Fell Michael , Ogle Kiona 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUnderstanding impacts of drought on tree growth and forest health is of major concern given projected climate change. Droughts may become more common in the Southwest due to extreme temperatures that will drive increased evapotranspiration and lower soil moisture, in combination with uncertain precipitation changes. Utilizing ~1.3 million tree‐ring widths from the International Tree Ring Data Bank representing 10 species (eight conifers, two oaks) in the Southwest, we evaluated the effects of drought on tree growth. We categorized ring widths by formation year in relation to drought (pre‐drought, drought year, and post‐drought), and we used a mixed‐effects model to estimate the effects of current and antecedent precipitation and temperature on tree growth during the post‐drought recovery period. This allowed us to assess changes in sensitivity of tree growth to precipitation and temperature at multiple timescales following multiple droughts, and to evaluate drought resistance and recovery in these species. The effects of precipitation and temperature on ring widths following drought varied among species and time since drought. Across species, 16% of the climate effects (i.e., “sensitivities”) were significantly different from their pre‐drought values. Species differed, with some showing increased sensitivities to precipitation and temperature following drought, and others showing decreased sensitivities. Furthermore, some species (e.g.,Abies concolorandPinus ponderosa) showed low resistance and slow recovery, with changes in growth sensitivities persisting up to 5 yr; others (e.g.,Juniperspp.) showed high resistance, such that their climatic sensitivities did not change. Among species, the importance of different antecedent climate variables changed with time since drought. Though a majority of species responded positively to same‐year precipitation pre‐drought, all 10 species were positively affected by same‐year precipitation the second year after drought. Our results demonstrate tree growth sensitivities vary among species and with time since drought, raising questions about physiological mechanisms and implications for forest health under future drought.
The importance of motivation, weapons, and foul odors in driving encounter competition in carnivores
Authors: Allen Maximilian L. , Wilmers Christopher C. , Elbroch L. Mark , Golla Julie M. , Wittmer Heiko U. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEncounter competition is interference competition in which animals directly contend for resources. Ecological theory predicts the trait that determines the resource holding potential (RHP), and hence the winner of encounter competition, is most often body size or mass. The difficulties of observing encounter competition in complex organisms in natural environments, however, has limited opportunities to test this theory across diverse species. We studied the outcome of encounter competition contests among mesocarnivores at deer carcasses in California to determine the most important variables for winning these contests. We found some support for current theory in that body mass is important in determining the winner of encounter competition, but we found that other factors including hunger and species‐specific traits were also important. In particular, our top models were “strength and hunger” and “size and hunger,” with models emphasizing the complexity of variables influencing outcomes of encounter competition. In addition, our wins above predicted (WAP) statistic suggests that an important aspect that determines the winner of encounter competition is species‐specific advantages that increase their RHP, as bobcats (Lynx rufus) and spotted skunks (Spilogale gracilis) won more often than predicted based on mass. In complex organisms, such as mesocarnivores, species‐specific adaptations, including strategic behaviors, aggressiveness, and weapons, contribute to competitive advantages and may allow certain species to take control or defend resources better than others. Our results help explain how interspecific competition shapes the occurrence patterns of species in ecological communities.
The dynamic responses of flow and near‐bed turbidity to typhoons on the continental shelf of the East China Sea: field observations
Authors: Xu Jishang , Wang Nan , Li Guangxue , Dong Ping , Li Jianchao , Liu Shidong , Ding Dong , Wang Zhen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTyphoons are commonly occurring disastrous events in the Western Pacific and have become more severe as the result of global climate changes, increasingly affecting the ocean and seafloor throughout the Western Pacific. However, studies on the influences of typhoon processes and dynamic mechanisms on the continental shelf remain rather limited because of insufficient observational data in the area. This paper uses observational records at a water depth of 110 m on the continental shelf of the East China Sea in the periods when the No. 1323 typhoon ‘Fitow’ and No. 1324 typhoon ‘Danas’ passed the East China Sea to study changes in the water temperature, salinity, current and turbidity. Observation results show that typhoon Fitow had limited effects on the measurement site because of the long distance to the centre of the typhoon, but during typhoon Danas, the measured surface current speed reached 2.95 m/s, and the turbidity of the sea water increased rapidly due to the vertical mixing of sea water. Typhoon Danas causes both near‐inertial oscillations (NIOs) and diurnal currents to increase, which is considered to be the major factor that contributes to bottom water temperature changes and the suspension of bottom sediments after the passage of the typhoon. Typhoons can also cause the Kuroshio Current to shift towards the continental shelf, which may affect the Tsushima Current. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.