bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Syntax of Event‐Internal and Event‐External Verbal Classifiers
Authors: Zhang Niina Ning 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhen a classifier occurs with a numeral and an event‐denoting expression, it is used as a unit to count events. The classifier is called a verbal classifier if the event‐denoting expression is verbal, although the classifier itself is not verbal. This paper argues that a numeral and a verbal classifier have a spec‐head relation, and the verbal expression is the complement. The proposal explains a number of syntactic generalizations of verbal classifiers in Mandarin Chinese. Like a frequentative adverb such astwice, a verbal classifier expression is either event‐internal or event‐external. The two types of classifiers have different possible positions in the language. The position contrasts are explained by different heights of the projection headed by a classifier. Theoretically, on the one hand, this research unifies the syntax of nominal and verbal numeral classifiers; and on the other hand, it explores the syntactic distinctions between event‐internal and event‐external verbal classifiers.
Identifying and Classifying Small and Medium Sized Towns in Europe
Authors: Russo Antonio Paolo , Serrano Giné David , Pérez Albert Maria Yolanda , Brandajs Fiammetta 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper provides a first attempt at the construction of a unified, homogeneous inventory of different classes of urban settlements in the European space, building on the approach of international institutions such as OECD and the EU in relation to larger urban areas and extending it to the specific challenge presented by smaller settlements. Its objective is twofold. The first is to address the fundamental empirical problem that was central to the development of the ESPON 2013 project ‘Small and Medium sized Towns in their Functional Territorial Context’ (TOWN), that is the proper geographic identification of different classes of urban settlements. The second is to introduce one basic classification of urban settlements, and two more refined typologies of small and medium sized towns (SMST). These typologies are used to provide a first impression of territorial structures of urbanisation throughout Europe, further elaborated in functional terms in the TOWN project.
A national French noninterventional study to assess the long‐term safety and efficacy of reformulated nonacog alfa
Authors: Lambert Thierry , Rothschild Chantal , Volot Fabienne , Borel‐Derlon Annie , Trossaërt Marc , Claeyssens‐Donadel Ségolène , Attal Sepideh 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDNonacog alfa, the recombinant Factor IX (F IX) used for the treatment of hemophilia B, was approved in Europe in 1998. A reformulated version was approved for European use in 2007.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis postmarketing study, as recommended by the risk management plan, was conducted to confirm the safety of reformulated nonacog alfa in a usual care setting in France. This open‐label, noninterventional, prospective, longitudinal postmarketing study comprised 19 French hemophilia centers. Patients with hemophilia B receiving reformulated nonacog alfa for prophylaxis or on‐demand treatment were followed up on usual care schedule.RESULTSA total of 58 subjects were enrolled, of whom 29 (50%) were less than 18 years of age. Hemophilia was severe (baseline F IX activity < 1%) in 47 (81%) patients. All subjects except one were already treated with reformulated nonacog alfa before enrollment. One subject was receiving reformulated nonacog alfa as immune tolerance induction at time of enrollment. At enrollment, treatment regimen was mainly prophylactic in subjects less than 18 years and on‐demand in subjects 18 years or older. Median duration of follow‐up in the survey was 3.3 (2.3‐3.8) years. The median annualized bleeding rate was 3.9 (1.5‐5.2) for prophylaxis regimen and 12.2 (3.9‐22.1) for on‐demand regimen. One subject, a previously untreated patient, developed F IX inhibitors during follow‐up. No allergic reaction, no blood cell agglutination, no lack of efficacy or recovery, and no thrombotic events were reported.CONCLUSIONReformulated nonacog alfa was shown to be safe in a usual care setting.
Depression and cognitive deficits as long‐term consequences of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Falter Tanja , Schmitt Veronique , Herold Stephanie , Weyer Veronika , von Auer Charis , Wagner Stefanie , Hefner Gudrun , Beutel Manfred , Lackner Karl , Lämmle Bernhard , Scharrer Inge 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is an acute life‐threatening microangiopathy with a tendency of relapse characterized by consumptive thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and spontaneous von Willebrand factor–induced platelet clumping leading to microthrombi. The brain is frequently affected by microthrombi leading to neurologic abnormalities of varying severity.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe aim of this observational cohort study was to investigate the prevalence of depression and cognitive deficits in 104 patients having survived acute TTP. TTP survivors were repeatedly assessed by means of different standardized questionnaires to evaluate depression (IDS‐SR) and mental performance (FLei). We received answers of 104 individual TTP patients and 55 of them participated in both surveys.RESULTSSeventy‐one of the 104 responding TTP patients (68%) suffered from depression and the severity of depression was similar in both surveys performed 1 year apart. Furthermore, TTP patients had considerably lower cognitive performance than controls. There was no correlation between prevalence of depression and cognitive deficits and the number and the severity of acute episodes. Impairment of mental performance correlated with the severity of depression (rs = 0.779).CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of depression and cognitive deficits was significantly higher in TTP patients. Cognitive impairment seemed to be a consequence of depression, almost independently of number and severity of TTP episodes.
Diagnostic outcome of contrast videofluoroscopic swallowing studies in 216 dysphagic dogs
Authors: Pollard Rachel E. , Marks Stanley L. , Cheney Diane M. , Bonadio Cecily M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDetermining the anatomic and functional origin for dysphagia is critical for development of an appropriate therapeutic plan and determination of the prognosis. The purpose of this retrospective study was to report the quantitative and qualitative outcome of contrast videofluoroscopic swallowing studies in a large cohort of dysphagic dogs presenting to a tertiary veterinary care hospital. The videofluoroscopic swallowing studies were reviewed to generate values for pharyngeal constriction ratio, timing of swallowing events (maximum pharyngeal contraction, opening of upper esophageal sphincter, closing of upper esophageal sphincter, and reopening of epiglottis), type of esophageal peristalsis generated, and esophageal transit time. One or more anatomic locations for origin of dysphagia were assigned (pharyngeal, cricopharyngeal, esophageal (primary motility disorder), other esophageal (stricture, vascular ring anomaly, mass), lower esophageal sphincter/hiatus. Sixty‐one of 216 studies (28%) were deemed unremarkable. Twenty‐seven of 216 dogs (13%) had pharyngeal dysphagia, 17/216 dogs (8%) had cricopharyngeal dysphagia, 98/216 dogs (45%) had dysphagia secondary to esophageal dysmotility, 19/216 dogs (9%) had dysphagia secondary to focal esophageal disorders, and 97/216 dogs (45%) had dysphagia of lower esophageal sphincter/hiatus origin. Multiple abnormalities were present in 82/216 (38%) dogs. Elevated pharyngeal constriction ratio was associated with pharyngeal, cricopharyngeal, and esophageal motility disorders, delayed upper esophageal sphincter opening was associated with cricopharyngeal disorders, a lower percentage of primary esophageal peristaltic waves was associated with cricopharyngeal, pharyngeal, or primary esophageal motility disorders. In conclusion, videofluoroscopic swallowing studies was pivotal in the diagnosis of dysphagia with 155/216 (72%) dogs receiving a final diagnosis.
Decrement in Professional Cyclists’ Performance After a Grand Tour
Authors: Rodríguez-Marroyo Jose A. , Villa José G. , Pernía Raúl , Foster Carl 
Published: March 2017

Purpose: To analyze professional cyclists’ performance declines after, and the exercise demands during, a Grand Tour. Methods: Seven professional cyclists performed 2 incremental exercise tests, 1 wk before and the day after the Vuelta España. During the race the exercise demands were analyzed on the basis of heart rate (HR). Three intensity zones were established according to reference HR values corresponding to the ventilatory- (VT) and respiratory-compensation (RCT) thresholds determined during the prerace test. In addition, exercise demands for the last weeks of the Vuelta were recalculated using the reference HR determined during the postrace test for the 3rd week and averaging the change observed in the VT and RCT per stage for the 2nd week. The reference HR for the beginning of the 2nd week was estimated. Results: A significant (P-value range, .044–.000) decrement in oxygen uptake, power output, and HR at maximal exercise, VT, and RCT was found after the race. Based on the prerace test, the mean time spent daily above the RCT was 13.8 ± 10.2 min. This time decreased −1.2 min·day−1 across the race. When the exercise intensity was corrected according to the postrace test, the time above RCT (34.1 ± 9.9 min) increased 1.0 min·day−1. Conclusion: These data indicate that completing a Grand Tour may result in a significant decrement in maximal and submaximal endurance performance capacity. This may modify reference values used to analyze exercise demands. As a consequence, the high-intensity exercise performed by cyclists may be underestimated.
Method-Induced Differences of Energy Contributions in Women’s Kayaking
Authors: Li Yongming , Niessen Margot , Chen Xiaoping , Hartmann Ulrich 
Published: March 2017

Context: Different relative aerobic energy contribution (WAER%) has been reported for the 2 women’s Olympic kayaking disciplines (ie, 200 and 500 m). Purpose: To investigate whether the adopted method of energy calculation influences the value of WAER% during kayaking time trials. Methods: Eleven adolescent female kayakers (age 14 ± 1 y, height 172 ± 4 cm, body mass 65.4 ± 4.2 kg, VO2peak 42.6 ± 4.9 mL·min−1·kg−1, training experience 1.5 ± 0.3 y) volunteered to participate in 1 incremental exercise test and 2 time trials (40 and 120 s) on the kayak ergometer. A portable spirometric system was used to measure gas metabolism. Capillary blood was taken from the ear lobe during and after the tests and analyzed for lactate afterward. The method of modified maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (m-MAOD) and the method based on the fast component of oxygen-uptake off-kinetics (PCr-La-O2) were used to calculate the energy contributions. Results: The anaerobic energy portions from m-MAOD were lower than those from PCr-La-O2 in the 40-s (41.9 ± 8.8 vs 52.8 ± 4.0 kJ, P > .05) and 120-s (64.1 ± 27.9 vs 68.2 ± 10.0 kJ, P > .05) time trials, which induced differences of WAER% between m-MAOD and PCr-La-O2 (36.0% vs 30.0% in 40 s, P > .05; 60.9% vs 57.5% in 120 s, P > .05). Conclusions: The reported different WAER% in women’s Olympic kayaking could be partly attributed to the adopted method of energy calculation (ie, m-MAOD vs PCr-La-O2). A fixed method of energy calculation is recommended during the longitudinal assessment on the relative energy contribution in women’s Olympic kayaking.
Does Foot Anthropometry Predict Metabolic Cost During Running?
Authors: van Werkhoven Herman , Piazza Stephen J. 
Published: March 2017

Several recent investigations have linked running economy to heel length, with shorter heels being associated with less metabolic energy consumption. It has been hypothesized that shorter heels require larger plantar flexor muscle forces, thus increasing tendon energy storage and reducing metabolic cost. The goal of this study was to investigate this possible mechanism for metabolic cost reduction. Fifteen male subjects ran at 16 km⋅h−1 on a treadmill and subsequently on a force-plate instrumented runway. Measurements of oxygen consumption, kinematics, and ground reaction forces were collected. Correlational analyses were performed between oxygen consumption and anthropometric and kinetic variables associated with the ankle and foot. Correlations were also computed between kinetic variables (peak joint moment and peak tendon force) and heel length. Estimated peak Achilles tendon force normalized to body weight was found to be strongly correlated with heel length normalized to body height (r = −.751, p = .003). Neither heel length nor any other measured or calculated variable were correlated with oxygen consumption, however. Subjects with shorter heels experienced larger Achilles tendon forces, but these forces were not associated with reduced metabolic cost. No other anthropometric and kinetic variables considered explained the variance in metabolic cost across individuals.
Physiological Responses to Treadmill Running With Body Weight Support in Hypoxia Compared With Normoxia
Authors: Lee Ben J. , Thake Charles Douglas 
Published: March 2017

Context:Anecdotal reports suggest elite sports clubs combine lower-body positive-pressure rehabilitation with a hypoxic stimulus to maintain or increase physiological and metabolic strain, which are reduced during lower-body positive pressure. However, the effects of hypoxia on cardiovascular and metabolic response during lower-body positive-pressure rehabilitation are unknown.Objective:Evaluate the use of normobaric hypoxia as a means to increase physiological strain during body-weight-supported (BWS) running.Design:Crossover study.Setting:Controlled laboratory.Participants:Seven familiarized males (mean (SD): age, 20 (1) y; height, 1.77 (0.05) m; mass, 69.4 (5.1) kg; hemoglobin, 15.2 (0.8) g·dL−1) completed a normoxic and hypoxic (fraction of inspired oxygen [O2] = 0.14) trial, during which they ran at 8 km·h−1on an AlterG™ treadmill with 0%, 30%, and 60% BWS in a randomized order for 10 minutes interspersed with 5 minutes of recovery.Main Outcome Measures:Arterial O2saturation, heart rate, O2delivery, and measurements of metabolic strain via indirect calorimetry.Results:Hypoxic exercise reduced hemoglobin O2saturation and elevated heart rate at each level of BWS compared with normoxia. However, the reduction in hemoglobin O2saturation was attenuated at 60% BWS compared with 0% and 30%, and consequently, O2delivery was better maintained at 60% BWS.Conclusion:Hypoxia is a practically useful means of increasing physiological strain during BWS rehabilitation. In light of the maintenance of hemoglobin O2saturation and O2delivery at increasing levels of BWS, fixed hemoglobin saturations rather than a fixed altitude are recommended to maintain an aerobic stimulus.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Nontypeable Strains of Haemophilus influenzae, C188, R535, and 1200, Isolated from Different Types of Disease
Authors: Kappler Ulrike , Dhouib Rabeb , Nair Remya Purushothaman , McEwan Alastair G. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Nontypeable
Haemophilus influenzae
is a persistent human respiratory pathogen known to be involved in a range of acute and chronic respiratory diseases. Here, we report the genome sequences of three
H. influenzae
strains isolated from sputum, otitis media, and blood. Comparative analyses revealed significant differences in the gene contents including the presence of genes mediating antibiotic resistance.
First Complete Genome Sequence of
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus
Isolated from Australia
Authors: Kehoe Monica A. , Jones Roger A. C. , Coutts Brenda A. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

We present here the first complete genome sequence of the tobamovirus
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus
(CGMMV) from Australia, obtained from an infected cucumber plant. Compared with other CGMMV genomes, its closest nucleotide identities were 99.6% to KP772568, 99.3% to KF155229, and 99.1% to DQ767631 from Canada, Israel, and India, respectively.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Plasmid-Bearing Lactobacillus fermentum Strain SNUV175, a Probiotic for Women’s Health Isolated from the Vagina of a Healthy South Korean Woman
Authors: Lee Sunghee , You Hyun Ju , Kwon Bomi , Ko GwangPyo 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus fermentum
SNUV175 has been identified as a probiotic strain that inhibits pathogenic microorganisms related to women’s health. We present the complete genomic sequence of the strain
L. fermentum
SNUV175 isolated from the vagina of a South Korean woman. This genomic information may provide insight into the functional activity of this strain.
Draft Genome Sequence of Providencia stuartii PS71, a Multidrug-Resistant Strain Associated with Nosocomial Infections in Greece
Authors: Liakopoulos A. , Oikonomou O. , Wareham D. W. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Providencia stuartii
is frequently associated with nosocomial outbreaks and displays intrinsic resistance to many commonly used antimicrobials. We report here the draft genome sequence of a
P. stuartii
strain carrying acquired resistance genes conferring panresistance to cephalosporins (
bla
SHV-5
and
bla
VEB-1
), carbapenems (
bla
VIM-1
), and aminoglycosides (
rmtB
) involved in an outbreak in Greek hospitals.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Mycoparasitic Oomycete
Pythium periplocum
Strain CBS 532.74
Authors: Kushwaha Sandeep K. , Vetukuri Ramesh R. , Grenville-Briggs Laura J. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

The oomycete
Pythium periplocum
is an aggressive mycoparasite of a number of plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes and therefore has potential as a biological control agent. Here, we report the first draft genome sequence of
P. periplocum
, which comprises 35.89 Mb. It contains 1,043 scaffolds and 14,399 predicted protein-coding genes.
Complete Genome Sequences of Pseudomonas fluorescens Bacteriophages Isolated from Freshwater Samples in Omaha, Nebraska
Authors: Lu Guoqing , Luhr Jamie , Stoecklein Andrew , Warner Paige , Tapprich William 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

The complete genome sequences of four
Pseudomonas fluorescens
bacteriophages, UNO-SLW1 to UNO-SLW4, isolated from freshwater samples, are 39,092 to 39,215 bp long. The genomes are highly similar (identity, >0.995) but dissimilar from that of
Pseudomonas
phage Pf-10 (the closest relative, 0.685 to 0.686 identity), with 48 to 49 protein-coding genes and 66 regulatory sites predicted.
Draft Genome Sequence of Chromobacterium subtsugae MWU12-2387 Isolated from a Wild Cranberry Bog in Truro, Massachusetts
Authors: Vöing Kristin , Harrison Alisha , Soby Scott D. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Chromobacterium subtsugae
MWU12-2387 was isolated from the rhizosphere of cranberry plants. While it is unknown what environmental role these bacteria play in bog soils, they hold potential as biological control agents against nematodes and insect pests. Potential virulence genes were identified, including the violacein synthesis pathway, siderophores, and several chitinases.
Acid-Fast Positive and Acid-Fast NegativeMycobacterium tuberculosis: The Koch Paradox
Authors: Vilchèze Catherine , Kremer Laurent 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTAcid-fast (AF) staining, also known as Ziehl-Neelsen stain microscopic detection, developed over a century ago, is even today the most widely used diagnostic method for tuberculosis. Herein we present a short historical review of the evolution of AF staining methods and discuss Koch’s paradox, in which non-AF tubercle bacilli can be detected in tuberculosis patients or in experimentally infected animals. The conversion ofMycobacterium tuberculosisfrom an actively growing, AF-positive form to a nonreplicating, AF-negative form during the course of infection is now well documented. The mechanisms of loss of acid-fastness are not fully understood but involve important metabolic processes, such as the accumulation of triacylglycerol-containing intracellular inclusions and changes in the composition and spatial architecture of the cell wall. Although the precise component(s) responsible for the AF staining method remains largely unknown, analysis of a series of genetically definedM. tuberculosismutants, which are attenuated in mice, pointed to the primary role of mycolic acids and other cell wall-associated (glyco)lipids as molecular markers responsible for the AF property of mycobacteria. Further studies are now required to better describe the cell wall reorganization that occurs during dormancy and to develop new staining procedures that are not affected by such cell wall alterations and that are capable of detecting AF-negative cells.
Time to publication for publicly funded clinical trials in Australia: an observational study
Authors: Strand Linn Beate , Clarke Philip , Graves Nicholas , Barnett Adrian G 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the length of time between receiving funding and publishing the protocol and main paper for randomised controlled trials.DesignAn observational study using survival analysis.SettingPublicly funded health and medical research in Australia.ParticipantsRandomised controlled trials funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia between 2008 and 2010.Main outcome measuresTime from funding to the protocol paper and main results paper. Multiple variable survival models examining whether study characteristics predicted publication times.ResultsWe found 77 studies with a total funding of $A59 million. The median time to publication of the protocol paper was 6.4 years after funding (95% CI 4.1 to 8.1). The proportion with a published protocol paper 8 years after funding was 0.61 (95% CI 0.48 to 0.74). The median time to publication of the main results paper was 7.1 years after funding (95% CI 6.3 to 7.6). The proportion with a published main results paper 8 years after funding was 0.72 (95% CI 0.56 to 0.87). The HRs for how study characteristics might influence timing were generally close to one with narrow CIs, the notable exception was that a longer study length lengthened the time to the main paper (HR=0.62 per extra study year, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.89).ConclusionsDespite the widespread registration of clinical trials, there remain serious concerns of trial results not being published or being published with a long delay. We have found that these same concerns apply to protocol papers, which should be publishable soon after funding. Funding agencies could set a target of publishing the protocol paper within 18 months of funding.