bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of AO/OTA Type C Pilon Fractures Through the Anterolateral Approach Combined With the Medial MIPO Technique
Authors: Kim Gi Beom , Shon Oog-Jin , Park Chul Hyun 
Published: January 2018

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results of the treatment of AO/OTA type C pilon fracture via the anterolateral approach using a low-profile plate combined with medial minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 28 ankles with AO/OTA type C pilon fractures that were treated using the anterolateral approach combined with medial MIPO. Mean age was 46 years (range, 19 to 75), and the mean follow-up period was 25 months (range, 14 to 50). Clinical results were assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) Ankle-Hindfoot Scale. Range of motion (ROM) of the ankle joint was measured, and postoperative complications were investigated via chart review. Results: The VAS and AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale were 2 and 89, respectively, at the last follow-up. Ankle ROM at the last follow-up was 13 degrees (range, 5 to 20) in dorsiflexion and 38 degrees (range, 35 to 40) in plantarflexion. All the fractures united without additional surgery. One patient (3.6%) had a deep infection at the fibular fracture site, and 1 patient (3.6%) had partial skin necrosis. Conclusion: This combined technique for AO/OTA type C pilon fracture resulted in good ROM of the ankle joint with reasonable function with a fairly low wound complication rate. However, further research on defined indications with a comparison group from multiple centers is necessary to determine if this technique is better than alternative surgical approaches. Level of Evidence: Level IV, case series.
Evaluation of long-term outcome and prognostic factors of feline squamous cell carcinomas treated with photodynamic therapy using liposomal phosphorylated meta-tetra(hydroxylphenyl)chlorine
Authors: Flickinger Irene , Gasymova Eva , Dietiker-Moretti Simona , Tichy Alexander , Rohrer Bley Carla 
Published: January 2018

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, long-term outcome and prognostic factors of feline squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT). Methods Cats with histologically verified SCC of the head and neck received an intravenous injection of liposomal phosphorylated meta-tetra(hydroxylphenyl)chlorine (mTHPC) and 4 h later 652 nm light was delivered by a diode laser. One group received ⩽10 J/cm2, the other 20 J/cm2. Tumour response and duration were analysed with stage, tumour diameter, location and treatment intensity as prognostic factors. Results In total, 63 lesions in 38 cats underwent treatment with ⩽10 J/cm2 (n = 22) and 20 J/cm2 (n = 41). Overall response rate was 84% (complete remission 61%, partial remission 22%) with a mean progression-free interval of 35 months (median not reached) and a median overall survival time of 40 months (95% confidence interval 33–47). With regard to tumour stage, invasiveness yielded a highly significant worse outcome ( P <0.017). All patients with invasive tumours showed progression at less than 6 months. Larger lesions were associated with inferior control and treatment intensity, and tumour location did not influence response and duration. Conclusions and relevance PDT using a systemic photosensitiser leads to excellent long-term tumour control in the majority of cats. However, invasive and large tumours had a clearly inferior outcome, even if treated with the higher-dose intensity. This suggests that advanced lesions are not indications for PDT.
Hereditary cataracts in Russian Blue cats
Authors: Nygren Karin , Jalomäki Sari , Karlstam Lena , Narfström Kristina 
Published: January 2018

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of cataracts in the Russian Blue breed of cats in Sweden, and to describe the clinical appearance of this presumed inherited form of cataract. Methods A total of 66 Russian Blue cats were examined in Sweden, between March and October 2014, using standard examination techniques. The examined cats were between 3 months and 14 years of age. Pedigrees were collected from all examined cats for genetic studies. Results Mild-to-severe forms of mainly bilateral cataracts were observed in 22/66 examined Russian Blue cats of both sexes. Two affected cats were <1 year of age. The most frequently observed appearance of a cataract was a small triangular, Y-shaped or circular opacity at the border of the posterior nucleus and the anterior part of the posterior cortex, which caused no observable visual impairment. More extended forms were observed in 6/22 cats, with involvement of both the nucleus and either the entire cortex or parts of the posterior and/or anterior cortex. Visual impairment or blindness was observed in the latter six cases. Pedigree analyses indicated a simple autosomal recessive mode of inheritance for the defect, although a dominant mode with incomplete penetrance could not be excluded. Conclusions and relevance This study indicates that the Russian Blue breed of cat is affected by hereditary cataracts. The high prevalence in young cats and the characteristic location of the most frequently observed defect in the study suggest an early onset type of cataract. The breeders should be aware of this defect and have their cats examined by a veterinary ophthalmologist before breeding of an individual Russian Blue cat is considered.
A Comparison of Topical Mequitazine and Disodium Cromoglycate in Allergic Conjunctivitis Induced by a Specific Conjunctival Provocation Test
Authors: Dupin O. , Trinquand C. , Persi L. , Bousquet J. , Robert F. , Arnaud B 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Twenty-two people with a history of grass pollen allergic conjunctivitis were enrolled outside the pollen season in this study to compare the efficacy of 0.05% mequitazine eyedrops with topical 2% disodium cromoglycate. Methods This randomized, double-blind study compared right and left eyes. Subjects received 2% disodium cromoglycate eyedrops in one eye and mequitazine vehicle in the fellow eye 4 times daily for 4 days. For the last instillation, mequitazine vehicle was replaced by one drop of 0.05% mequitazine and 15 min later a conjunctival provocation test (CPT) with grass pollen was performed. Results The sum of the scores for hyperemia and itching, and total composite score were lower after 0.05% mequitazine than after 2% disodium cromoglycate (p < 0.0001 in each case). The allergen threshold dose which elicited a positive allergic response was higher in the mequitazine group (p < 0.001). Both treatments showed good tolerance upon instillation. No adverse events related to study treatment occurred. Conclusions These results demonstrate the superior efficacy of a single drop of 0.05% mequitazine 15 min before CPT compared with 2% disodium cromoglycate 4 times daily for 4 days.
A Topical or Oral Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor to Control Ocular Hypertension after Cataract Surgery
Authors: Abbasoǧlu Ö. E. , Tekeli O. , Çelikdoǧan A. , Gürsel E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the effects of oral acetozolamide and topical 2% dorzolamide to prevent ocular hypertension after cataract surgery. Methods This prospective, randomized study comprised 62 consecutive patients who had extracapsular cataract extraction and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Patients received either oral acetozolamide (Diazomide®) 250 mg three times daily or topical dorzolamide 2% (Trusopt®) three times daily, for three days. Intraocular pressures (IOP) were measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry preoperatively and 16, 40, 64 hours postoperatively. Results IOP in the dorzolamide group peaked at 16 hours and had returned to preoperative values by 40 hours. In the acetozolamide group mean IOP was significantly higher than preoperative values at 16, 40 and 64 hours (p<0.05). At all three postoperative measurement times, mean IOP was significantly higher in the acetozolamide group (p<0.05). Conclusions Topical dorzolamide 2% offers better IOP control than oral acetozolamide to prevent ocular hypertension after cataract surgery.
Prevention of Corneal Keratocyte Apoptosis after Argon Fluoride Excimer Laser Irradiation with the Free Radical Scavenger Ubiquinone Q10
Authors: Brancato R. , Schiavone N. , Siano S. , Lapucci A. , Papucci L. , Donnini M. , Formigli L. , Orlandini S. Zecchi , Carella G. , Carones F. , Capaccioli S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To assess in vitro the potential of the free radical scavenger ubiquinone Q10 in preventing keratocyte apoptosis after argon fluoride (ArF) excimer laser irradiation. Methods Cultured rabbit keratocytes were irradiated at very low single-pulse laser fluences. The cumulative effects generated by three total fluence doses between 12 and 45 mJ/cm2, representative of single-pulse subablative doses during photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in humans, were evaluated. We employed the following parameters to compare pretreated (10 μM ubiquinone Q10) and untreated samples: 1) number and morphology of living cells by Trypan blue test and ultramicroscopy, respectively; 2) level of free-radical formation assessed by malonaldehyde quantitation; 3) cellular energy level evaluated by ATP assay. Results Excimer laser irradiation kills cultured keratocytes by inducing apoptosis. The effect increases with the cumulative fluence dose. In the samples pretreated with ubiquinone Q10 there were significantly fewer cumulative apoptotic events than in the untreated ones. Quantitative analysis of malonaldehyde cellular levels suggested this protective action of ubiquinone Q10 was connected with its ability to scavenge laser-generated free radicals. ATP assay also confirmed that it raised cellular energy levels. Conclusions The treatment of corneal keratocytes with relatively low concentrations of ubiquinone Q10 can prevent apoptosis after ArF excimer laser irradiation. If these findings are confirmed on human keratocytes this treatment could be usefully exploited in the PRK surgical procedure. That might lead to a reduction in the occurrence of haze and curvature regression triggered by programmed cell death.
Long-Term Prognosis after Removal of Silicone Oil
Authors: Lesnoni G. , Rossi T. , Nistri A. , Boccassini B. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To investigate surgical and functional results six or more months after silicone oil (SiO) removal in patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and tamponade for various reasons. Methods Retrospective chart review. Inclusion criteria were recurrent retinal detachment with PVR grade C (R-RD), primary PVR grade C longer than 9 hours, recurrent vitreous hemorrhage in PDR (PDR-RVH) with traction RD, giant retinal tears (GRT) with PVR grade C and total RD with vitreous hemorrhage and hypotony in penetrating traumas (PT). Indications for removal of SiO included attached retina and intra-ocular pressure (IOP) more than 10 mmHg after 60 days or IOP more than 30 mmHg despite medication. Results Of the 212 patients undergoing PPV and SiO tamponade between 1994–1997, 91 met the inclusion criteria, 8 had incomplete charts so 83 eyes were included in the study. The mean interval between PPV and SiO removal was 163.1 ± 111.0 days and follow-up was 351.5 ± 148.6 days. At the time of SiO removal, 30.6% of phakic eyes had cataract, 14.4% keratopathy and 8.4% IOP more than 30 mmHg. At the last visit after SiO removal, 43.5% had cataract, 12.0 keratopathy, 6.0% IOP > 30 mmHg and 3.6% IOP <5 mmHg. After SiO removal, 6.0% eyes developed R-RD. There was no significant difference in SiO duration for patients with and without R-RD. VA was more than 5/200 in 16.8% of eyes preoperatively, 79.5% at the time of SiO removal (p<0.05) and 78.3% at the last visit (n.s.) and better than 20/400 in respectively 2.4%, 51.8% (p<0.05) and 53% (n.s.). There was a tendency for VA to improve after SiO removal (p = 0.011). Conclusions SiO is an effective tamponade for complex RD, although its possible benefits must always be weighted carefully against the complications and the need for further intervention. The present series compares favorably with the current literature in terms of complication rates. The optimal timing of SiO removal and precise screening and decision-making guidelines before removal are still the main issues and need careful consideration.
The Role of Ultrasound Biomicroscopy in Predicting the Result of Temporal Artery Biopsy in Temporal Arteritis Patients: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Vianna R.N.G. , Mansour M. , Özdal P.Ç. , Pessoa souza filho J. , Bakalian S. , Saraiva V.S. , Deschênes J. , Burnier M.N. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Temporal artery biopsy is considered the gold standard for the diagnosis of temporal arteritis (TA). However, complications following this procedure may occur. The goal of this study is to evaluate if ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM) findings are useful in predicting the result (positive or negative) of temporal artery biopsy in patients with TA. Methods Twenty-six consecutive patients with clinical diagnosis of TA seen at the Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada, were involved in this study. All patients were submitted to UBM before temporal artery biopsy. Eight patients presented histopathologic findings consistent with the diagnosis of TA. Thus, UBM findings of these patients were compared with those from 18 patients with negative biopsy. On UBM we searched for the presence of a hypoechoic effect surrounding the walls of the temporal arteries, the so-called halo sign, as well as an intra-arterial middle reflexive filling, the so-called intra-arterial filling. Results The halo sign and/or the intra-arterial filling were found in 8 (100%) of 8 patients with biopsy-proven TA. However, 10 (55.5%) of 18 patients with a negative biopsy presented one or both of these two UBM findings. On the other hand, the absence of these two parameters on the UBM of a patient with TA strongly suggests that the temporal artery biopsy will be negative (negative predictive value=100%). Conclusions This preliminary work suggests that UBM may play a role in predicting a negative result of the temporal artery biopsy in patients with TA. In the present series approximately 30% of the patients could be spared this surgical procedure and its possible complications.
Comparison of Noncontact Infrared and Remote Sensor Thermometry in Normal and Dry Eye Patients
Authors: Singh G. , Singh bhinder H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the role of closed chamber infrared and remote sensor thermometry in normal and dry eye patients. Methods The study was conducted on 51 dry eye cases (102 eyes), 26 men and 25 women aged 19 to 65 years (35.36±14.36), and 51 normal (102 eyes) age- and sex-matched control subjects. The criteria for dry eye were Schirmer-1 (<10 mm/5 min), FTBUT (<10 sec), and lissamine green score (>2). The remote sensor and infrared thermometry was done in closed chamber around the eye in closed and open eye positions. Results In normal eyes, closed chamber infrared thermometry recorded temperature 34.77±0.37 °C in closed eye position and 35.02±0.39 °C in open eye position as compared to 27.91 ±2.46 °C in closed eye position and 28.01±2.46 °C in open position with remote sensor thermometry. The difference in temperature from closed to open position was 0.25±0.90 °C in infrared thermometry and 0.10±0.00 °C with remote sensor thermometry, which was statistically significant (p<0.0000). In dry eye, the infrared thermometry recorded 35.08±0.61 °C temperature in closed eye position and 35.53±0.63 °C in open eye position as compared to 27.41 ±2.48 °C in open and closed eye position with remote sensor thermometry. The difference in temperature from closed to open eye position was 0.45±0.14 °C (p<0.0000) with infrared thermometry as compared to no change 0.00±0.00 °C with remote sensor thermometry (p<0.0000). Conclusions Remote sensor thermometry proved better for diagnosis of dry eye disease as it showed no change in temperature under closed chamber in closed and open position (p=0.0000). Infrared thermometry was better in recording the absolute temperature from any point on the eye.
Corneal Endothelial Cells' Protection against Thermal Injury: Influence of Ophthalmic Viscoelastic Substances in Experimental Study on Rabbits
Authors: Jurowski P. , Goś R. , Owczarek G. , Gralewicz G.Z 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To quantify the maximal level of temperature and the time the maximal temperature is achieved and correlate the temperature parameters to the mean rate of endothelial cell loss after standardized ultrasound delivery assisted with four viscoelastic substances or different temperature of balanced salt solution (BSS). Methods Thirty rabbits (60 eyes) were divided into six groups in which different viscoelastic substances or different temperature of BSS were used: Group 1, Viscoat; 2, Proviso; 3, soft shell technique; 4, Celoftal; 5, BSS 22 °C; and 6, BSS 4 °C. The same parameters of ultrasound energy were delivered by standard phaco tip introduced into pupillary plane. Thermocamera was employed for measurements of temperature parameters. Endothelium cell count was measured before surgery and 1 month postoperatively. Results Maximal level of temperature was measured as follows: Group 5, 27.85 ± 0.52 °C; Group 2, 27.75 ± 0.54 °C; Group 3, 27.74 ± 0.46 °C; Group 4, 27.25 ± 0.60 °C; Group 6, 26.81 ± 0.34 °C; Group 1, 26.52 ± 0.48 °C (p<0.05). The time the maximal temperature is achieved was statistically shorter in Groups 5 and 6: 4 seconds, 5 seconds, respectively p<0.0001, as compared with Group 2 (30 seconds), Group 3 (40 seconds), Group 1 (45 seconds), and Group 4 (50 seconds). The mean rate of endothelial cell loss was calculated as follows: Group 1, 4.35%±2.55%; Group 2, 8.43%±5.2%; Group 3, 6.25%±4.20%; Group 4, 6.53%±4.65%; Group 5, 14.3%±3.85%; and Group 6, 8.78%±4.45%. Conclusions Viscoelastic substances offer different levels of endothelial cell protection against temperature increase during phacoemulsification. The mean rate of endothelial cell loss correlates with the time the maximal temperature is achieved rather than with the value of maximal level of temperature. This implicates that surgical strategy should consider the choice of the most effective viscoelastic substances, particularly in difficult cases, e.g., hard nucleus, shallow anterior chamber, primary endothelial abnormality.
Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of two Formulations of Diclofenac Sodium 0.1 % Eyedrops in Controlling Postoperative Inflammation after Cataract Surgery
Authors: Bodaghi B. , Weber M.E. , Arnoux Y.V. , Jaulerry S.D. , Le Hoang P. , Colin J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the efficacy and safety of diclofenac sodium 0.1% eyedrops packaged in an Abak multidose container without preservative (Dicloabak) with the reference product, sodium merthiolate-preserved diclofenac sodium 0.1% eyedrops, in controlling postoperative inflammation after cataract surgery. Methods The multicenter, controlled, randomized, single-masked study included 194 patients (Dicloabak 96, preserved diclofenac 98) scheduled to have cataract surgery by phacoemulsification with foldable intraocular lens. All were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively after 1, 7, and 28 days. Postoperative inflammation was measured by the total score of anterior chamber cells and flare. Ocular plin, conjunctival hyperemia and ciliary flush were also assessed. Postoperative patient assessments also included visual acuity, objective tolerance by slit-lamp, fluorescein test, and subjective evaluation of local tolerance. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the total score of flare and cells or the degree of conjunctival hyperemia and ciliary flush at any study visit. Dicloabak was demonstrated to be not inferior to preserved diclofenac at all assessment times. The overall assessment of local tolerance was similar for both study medications. Conclusions Preservative suppression did not alter diclofenac efficacy. Results support the good safety profile of both formulations when dosed three times daily for 4 weeks in absence of concomitant use of drugs potentially toxic for cornea. Preservative-free formulations like Dicloabak should be preferred to generic diclofenac formulations including other ingredients and may improve the safety profile of this topical nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drug.
Fusidic Acid vs Ofloxacin Prophylaxis before Cataract Surgery
Authors: Lofoco G. , Quercioli P. , Ciucci F. , Bardocci A. , De gaetano C. , Steigerwalt R. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the safety and efficacy of two self-administrated antibiotics in eliminating conjunctival microbial flora. Methods A total of 133 patients operated for cataract surgery were divided into three groups. The first group (A), 55 patients, received fusidic acid drops (1%) two times per day during the 3 days before the surgery; a second group (B), 55 patients, received ofloxacin (0.3%) four times per day during the 3 days before the surgery; and the third group (C), 23 patients, did not receive any topical antibiotic before the surgery. On the day of the surgery, cultures were taken from the lower fornix. Results In Group A, 28 cultures (50.9%) were sterile, and 27 (49.1%) were positive for the presence of microbial agents. In Group B, 25 cultures (45.4%) were sterile, and 30 (54.5%) were positive for the presence of microbial agents. In Group C, 5 cultures (21.7%) were sterile, and 18 (78.2%) were not. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common micro-organism isolated in all the groups. Statistical analysis does not reveal a significant difference between Groups A and B for the sterile cultures (p=0.7) (chi-square test), but a statistically significant difference is present between the treated and not treated patients (p= 0.05) (chi- square test). Conclusions A preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis is useful in eliminating conjunctival micro-organism, and both antibiotics (fusidic acid and ofloxacin) are efficient.
Continuous Light Increment Perimetry Compared to full Threshold Strategy in Glaucoma
Authors: Wabbels B.K. , Diehm S. , Kolling G. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Continuous light increment perimetry (CLIP) is an improved testing strategy for automated static perimetry designed to save test time and enhance patient compliance. CLIP uses a modified ramp stimulus where stimulus intensity is continuously increased according to patient reaction time, starting from a subthreshold intensity until recognition. The test is constantly modified according to patient performance. As CLIP showed good results in normal subjects in previous studies, the authors now compared CLIP to the standard 4/2-full threshold (4/2) strategy in glaucoma patients. Methods Fifty-two patients with glaucomatous visual field defects (mean sensitivities 2.9 to 18.4 dB), all with perimetric experience, were tested with CLIP (three times) and 4/2 in a randomized fashion. Tests were performed at 55 test locations within the central 30° visual field (24-2 area) using the Twinfield perimeter. Results Average mean sensitivity was significantly higher for CLIP than for 4/2 (t test, p<0.0001). Absolute scotomas and extension of scotomas were comparable for both strategies, whereas CLIP found less deep relative scotomas in some cases. Mean test time was significantly shorter for CLIP (5.6 min) compared to 4/2 (8.9 min) (Wilcoxon signed rank test, p<0.0001). Patient acceptance was better for CLIP than for 4/2. Conclusions CLIP showed comparable results to 4/2 with excellent patient acceptance. Mean sensitivities are 1.8 dB higher than for 4/2; similar results were found previously in normal subjects. CLIP was able to save a mean 38% of test time compared to full threshold strategy with good reproducibility.