bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A children's space? Participation in multi‐agency early intervention
Authors: Lucas Steven 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe common assessment framework provides a model of early intervention, which is familiar in local authorities throughout England, and asserts a participatory framework of child and family engagement. This article draws on data from a research project undertaken in 1 local authority in the Midlands of England, to explore the experiences of children, young people, and their families, who were engaged in the process of multi‐agency early intervention. The article considers the young people's involvement, including their accounts of attending common assessment framework meetings, and their engagement by practitioners. The research found that young people's participation was limited. The findings suggest that this is, in part, a response to disciplinary discourses around schooling and attendance. In addition, the narratives of parents and young people showed that under‐resourcing of work with young people meant that the time taken to build relationships and engage them in a process of self‐assessment, planning, and decision making was constrained and rationed. The article concludes that to achieve a participatory children's space, an active and more engaged model of childhood needs to be facilitated by practitioners and parents outside the school‐dominated space found in this study.
Foster children's experiences and expectations concerning the child‐welfare officer role—Prerequisites and obstacles for close and trustful relationships
Authors: Lindahl Robert , Bruhn Anders 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe question of whether the Swedish social services are fulfilling their obligation to monitor and support children in foster care is attracting increasing attention. The importance of closeness and trust between children and their child‐welfare officers has been highlighted in particular. The aim of this article is to study foster children's experiences and expectations concerning the role of the child‐welfare officer, and how these constitute prerequisites for, and possible obstacles to the officers developing close and trustful relationships with the children under prevailing institutional conditions. Data from our evaluation of a national pilot project with supervision representatives provide the empirical basis. Our theoretical point of departure is that the relationship between the child and the child‐welfare officer is affected by the officer's role—a role that is negotiated under the prevailing institutional conditions and in interaction with the children's experiences of and expectations about that role. The results show that most children emphasize that the relationship with their officer is negatively affected by a lack of time, availability, and trust. It is also weakened by the children's general expectation that child‐welfare officers only act in their official role, a role that is associated with a formal and distanced relationship.
Implant‐guided supracrestal alveolar bone growth using scaffolds, BMP‐2, and novel scaffold‐retaining device
Authors: Wen Bo , Shafer David , Schleier Peter , Pendrys David , Kuhn Liisa , Freilich Martin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of various scaffold systems and a Ti scaffold‐retaining device with and without non‐glycosylated rhBMP‐2 (BMP‐2) for increasing the vertical alveolar bone growth in the intra‐oral mini‐pig model.MethodsForty‐eight Straumann Bone Level implants with hydrophilic (SLActive) surfaces were partially embedded in mandibles of 12 adult mini‐pigs with the shoulder of the implant located 3 mm above the bone crest. Twenty‐four implants were placed in conjunction with BMP‐2 (50 μg) incorporated within resorbable scaffolds. Twenty‐four additional control implants were placed with scaffolds only. Scaffolds were placed around the implant and stabilized with a newly developed Ti “umbrella” scaffold retainer. Scaffolds included (i) HA‐coated collagen (Healos); (ii) biphasic HA/β‐TCP crystals (Straumann Bone Ceramic, SBC); and (iii) SBC crystals infused with polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel. Eight test and control pairs for each scaffold group were implanted. At 9 weeks, soft tissue healing was assessed and the extent of new vertical bone was evaluated with microCT and histomorphometry.ResultsmicroCT analysis revealed a mean of 167 ± 47 mm3 new supracrestal mineralized tissue volume formation around the test sites where BMP‐2 was released from the scaffold whereas the control group (no BMP‐2) showed a significantly lower mineralized tissue volume of 106 ± 55 mm3. The SBC+BMP‐2 group had the highest mineralized tissue volume of 189 ± 36 mm3. Histomorphometry showed bone‐to‐implant contact of 54.5% for the test groups and 33.3% for the control groups and new vertical bone growth of 2.2 ± 1.0 and 1.0 ± 0.9 mm, respectively. The SBC+BMP‐2 group again demonstrated the best outcome (2.7 ± 0.4 mm). The qualitative scoring of soft tissue dehiscence showed that the presence of BMP‐2 yielded far superior outcomes, 0.63 vs. 1.75 for all control implant sites (with scores ranging from 0, reflecting no soft dehiscence, to 4, showing a completely exposed umbrella).ConclusionThe release of BMP‐2 from a SBC scaffold adjacent to a hydrophilic, rough Ti implant and scaffold retention umbrella consistently regenerated the greatest volume and height of new vertical bone along the length of the implant.
Does voluntary corporate social performance attract institutional investment? Evidence from China
Authors: Wang Mingzhu , Chen Yugang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssueThis study analyses whether institutional investment in China is affected by the voluntary corporate social performance (CSP) of firms, after controlling for ownership structure, corporate governance, compensation, and other firm characteristics.Research Findings/InsightsFirms with superior voluntary CSP attract more institutional investment, which remains robust after controlling for the reverse causality problem. Mutual funds are the main driver of the institutional investment pattern in China and they invest more in firms that achieve better voluntary CSP with respect to employment equality and customer care. Insurance companies and social security funds invest more in firms that take care of their customers. Qualified foreign institutional investors (QFIIs) are the only type of institutional investors tilting their investment in favor of firms doing well at saving energy.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur empirical evidence suggests that different types of institutional investors show preferences toward different aspects of investee firms’ voluntary CSP. We innovatively separate firms’ voluntary CSP into expected components that can be explained by firm characteristics and unexpected components (surprises) that cannot be explained by firm characteristics. Although institutional investors, in general, and mutual funds and QFIIs, in particular, own more shares in firms with more voluntary CSP surprises, only mutual funds trade on them in the subsequent year.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsForeign institutional investors invest more in firms with better voluntary CSP, especially with respect to energy‐saving and environmental issues, but they do not show a significant preference toward firms with better corporate governance in China. Our paper offers implications for policy makers in transitory and emerging economies with regard to encouraging foreign institutional investors’ equity investment.
Birds as key vectors for the dispersal of some alien species: Further thoughts
Authors: Reynolds Chevonne , Cumming Graeme S. , Vilà Montserrat , Green Andy J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractW. Solarz, K. Najberek, A. Pociecha & E. Wilk‐Woźniak (, Diversity and Distributions, 23, 113–117) published a letter in Diversity and Distributions debating our view that waterbirds are important vectors of alien species (C. Reynolds, N. A. F. Miranda & G. S. Cumming, Diversity and Distributions, 21, 744–754; A. J. Green, Diversity and Distributions, 22, 239–247) and question whether future research into the mechanisms under‐pinning this phenomenon can be advantageous for the practical management of alien species. Additionally, Solarz et al. suggest that human activities are the primary source of all alien species introductions and that waterbirds may only act as vectors of secondary dispersal. In this letter, we respond to several arguments raised by the authors surrounding the relevance of waterbird‐mediated dispersal in the introduction and spread of alien species. We emphasize the partly deterministic nature of waterbird dispersal and the significance of long‐distance dispersal events (and hence the potential for primary introductions of new alien species across political boundaries). Finally, we reaffirm the importance of further research into dispersal by birds to improve our capacity to foresee and manage invasions of those alien species with strong capacity to spread via avian vectors.
The Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System in a population‐based sample of preschool children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Benfer Katherine A , Weir Kelly A , Bell Kristie L , Ware Robert S , Davies Peter S W , Boyd Roslyn N 
Published: March 2017

AimTo determine (1) the reproducibility of the Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System (EDACS); (2) EDACS classification distribution in a population‐based cohort with cerebral palsy (CP); and (3) the relationships between the EDACS and clinical mealtime assessment, other classifications, and health outcomes.MethodThis was a cross‐sectional population‐based cohort study of 170 children with CP at 3 years to 5 years (mean 57.6mo, standard deviation [SD] 8.3mo; 105 males, n=65 females). Functional abilities were representative of a population sample (Gross Motor Function Classification System level I=74, II=34, III=21, IV=18, V=23). The EDACS was the primary classification of mealtime function. The Dysphagia Disorders Survey was the clinical mealtime assessment. Gross motor function was classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System.ResultsEDACS classification had 88.3% intrarater agreement (κ=0.84, intraclass correlation coefficient=0.95; p<0.001) and 51.7% interrater agreement (κ=0.36, intraclass correlation coefficient=0.79; p<0.001). In total, 56.5% of children were classified as EDACS level I. There was a strong stepwise relationship between the Dysphagia Disorders Survey and EDACS (r=0.96, p<0.001). Parental stress (odds ratio=1.3, p=0.05) and feeding tubes (odds ratio=6.4, p<0.001) were significantly related to more limited function on the EDACS.InterpretationThe EDACS presents a viable adjunct to clinical assessment of feeding skills in children with CP for use in surveillance trials and clinical practice. A rating addendum would be a useful contribution to the tool to enhance reproducibility.
The Institutional Capacity for Forest Devolution: The Case of Forest Land Allocation in Vietnam
Authors: Dang Thi Kim Phung , Visseren‐Hamakers Ingrid J. , Arts Bas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe article assesses the institutional capacity of a devolution policy, namely forest land allocation (FLA) in Vietnam. We applied the governance capacity framework, which is based on the policy arrangement approach, to examine the extent to which the policy enables actors to work together in order to solve collective problems. The findings reveal that, overall, the institutional capacity ofFLAin Vietnam is rather low, although it varies from region to region. This result is determined by the restricted and ambiguous codification of property rights, the limited resource availability, the symbolic venues for deliberation and the lack of openness of actors towards others’ views in the policy process. External factors, particularly agricultural development, also had a major impact on institutional capacity.
Genetic population structure of sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari, in sorghum, sugarcane, and Johnsongrass in the continental USA
Authors: Medina Raul F. , Armstrong Scott J. , Harrison Kyle 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn 2013, an outbreak of Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner (Hemiptera: Aphididae) was reported in sorghum in Texas, USA. Although this aphid has been reported in the continental USA for nearly a century, its occurrence was limited to Florida and Louisiana sugarcane. After 2013 and within just 3 years M. sacchari was reported in almost all sorghum growing regions from south central to southeastern states in the USA. Sorghum fields in affected areas have sustained considerable losses. This aphid has also been reported on Johnsongrass and other feral grasses. The speed at which this aphid has spread raises serious concerns about future infestations. Many aphid species present genetically distinct populations when feeding on different host plants. Thus, it was hypothesized that the recent outbreak in sorghum could be explained by a recent introduction of a sorghum‐specialized genotype. In this study, we genetically characterized M. sacchari in three of its most common host plants – sorghum, sugarcane, and Johnsongrass – across its geographic distribution in the continental USA. Although M. sacchari specimens were grouped within three genetically distinct clusters, we did not find evidence of host plant or geographic population structure. Our characterization of the genetic structure of this pest provides baseline data aimed to help explain its recent outbreak in sorghum, as well as information that may aid in the design of sustainable control strategies.
Benefits and potential trade‐offs associated with yeast‐like symbionts during virulence adaptation in a phloem‐feeding planthopper
Authors: Horgan Finbarr G. , Ferrater Jedeliza B. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInsect herbivores form symbioses with a diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. A role for endosymbionts during host feeding on nutrient‐poor diets – including phloem – is now supported by a large body of evidence. Furthermore, symbiont‐herbivore associations have been implicated in feeding preferences by host races (mainly aphids) on multiple plant species. However, the role of symbionts in mediating herbivore preferences between varieties of the same plant species has received little research attention despite the implications for virulence adaptation to resistant crops. This study investigates the role of yeast‐like symbionts (YLS) in virulence adaptation and host plant switching among populations of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), that were selected on various rice [Oryza sativa L. (Poaceae)] lines differing in their resistance against herbivores. Planthopper fitness (nymph weight) declined where YLS densities were depleted through heat treatment. However, compared to normal symbiotic planthoppers, the depletion of symbionts did not generally change the relative fitness of planthoppers (each ‘adapted’ to a single natal host) when switched to feed on a range of rice lines (exposed hosts). In some cases, this occurred despite differences in YLS density responses to the various hosts. Furthermore, we detected no fitness costs associated with YLS in adapted populations. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that, whereas YLS are essential for planthopper nutrition, changes in YLS density play little role during virulence adaptation and host plant switching by the brown planthopper.
Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: Position Paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology
Authors: Fisher Robert S. , Cross J. Helen , French Jacqueline A. , Higurashi Norimichi , Hirsch Edouard , Jansen Floor E. , Lagae Lieven , Moshé Solomon L. , Peltola Jukka , Roulet Perez Eliane , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Zuberi Sameer M. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) presents a revised operational classification of seizure types. The purpose of such a revision is to recognize that some seizure types can have either a focal or generalized onset, to allow classification when the onset is unobserved, to include some missing seizure types, and to adopt more transparent names. Because current knowledge is insufficient to form a scientifically based classification, the 2017 Classification is operational (practical) and based on the 1981 Classification, extended in 2010. Changes include the following: (1) “partial” becomes “focal”; (2) awareness is used as a classifier of focal seizures; (3) the terms dyscognitive, simple partial, complex partial, psychic, and secondarily generalized are eliminated; (4) new focal seizure types include automatisms, behavior arrest, hyperkinetic, autonomic, cognitive, and emotional; (5) atonic, clonic, epileptic spasms, myoclonic, and tonic seizures can be of either focal or generalized onset; (6) focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizure replaces secondarily generalized seizure; (7) new generalized seizure types are absence with eyelid myoclonia, myoclonic absence, myoclonic–atonic, myoclonic–tonic–clonic; and (8) seizures of unknown onset may have features that can still be classified. The new classification does not represent a fundamental change, but allows greater flexibility and transparency in naming seizure types.
Elevated mitochondrial genome variation after 50 generations of radiation exposure in a wild rodent
Authors: Baker Robert J. , Dickins Benjamin , Wickliffe Jeffrey K. , Khan Faisal A. A. , Gaschak Sergey , Makova Kateryna D. , Phillips Caleb D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCurrently, the effects of chronic, continuous low dose environmental irradiation on the mitochondrial genome of resident small mammals are unknown. Using the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) as a model system, we tested the hypothesis that approximately 50 generations of exposure to the Chernobyl environment has significantly altered genetic diversity of the mitochondrial genome. Using deep sequencing, we compared mitochondrial genomes from 131 individuals from reference sites with radioactive contamination comparable to that present in northern Ukraine before the 26 April 1986 meltdown, to populations where substantial fallout was deposited following the nuclear accident. Population genetic variables revealed significant differences among populations from contaminated and uncontaminated localities. Therefore, we rejected the null hypothesis of no significant genetic effect from 50 generations of exposure to the environment created by the Chernobyl meltdown. Samples from contaminated localities exhibited significantly higher numbers of haplotypes and polymorphic loci, elevated genetic diversity, and a significantly higher average number of substitutions per site across mitochondrial gene regions. Observed genetic variation was dominated by synonymous mutations, which may indicate a history of purify selection against nonsynonymous or insertion/deletion mutations. These significant differences were not attributable to sample size artifacts. The observed increase in mitochondrial genomic diversity in voles from radioactive sites is consistent with the possibility that chronic, continuous irradiation resulting from the Chernobyl disaster has produced an accelerated mutation rate in this species over the last 25 years. Our results, being the first to demonstrate this phenomenon in a wild mammalian species, are important for understanding genetic consequences of exposure to low‐dose radiation sources.
The evolutionary trade‐off between stem cell niche size, aging, and tumorigenesis
Authors: Cannataro Vincent L. , McKinley Scott A. , St. Mary Colette M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMany epithelial tissues within multicellular organisms are continually replenished by small independent populations of stem cells largely responsible for maintaining tissue homeostasis. These continually dividing populations are subject to mutations that can lead to tumorigenesis but also contribute to aging. Mutations accumulate in stem cell niches and change the rate of cell division and differentiation; the pace of this process and the fate of specific mutations depend strongly on niche population size. Here, we create a mathematical model of the intestinal stem cell niche, crypt system, and epithelium. We calculate the expected effect of fixed mutations in stem cell niches and their effect on tissue homeostasis throughout the intestinal epithelium over organismal lifetime. We find that, due to the small population size of stem cell niches, mutations predominantly fix via genetic drift and decrease stem cell fitness, leading to niche and tissue attrition, and contributing to organismal aging. We also explore mutation accumulation at various stem cell niche sizes and demonstrate that an evolutionary trade‐off exists between niche size, tissue aging, and the risk of tumorigenesis. Further, mouse and human niches exist at a size that minimizes the probability of tumorigenesis, at the expense of accumulating deleterious mutations due to genetic drift. Finally, we show that the trade‐off between the probability of tumorigenesis and the extent of aging depends on whether or not mutational effects confer a selective advantage in the stem cell niche.
Circumpolar arctic tundra biomass and productivity dynamics in response to projected climate change and herbivory
Authors: Yu Qin , Epstein Howard , Engstrom Ryan , Walker Donald 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSatellite remote sensing data have indicated a general ‘greening’ trend in the arctic tundra biome. However, the observed changes based on remote sensing are the result of multiple environmental drivers, and the effects of individual controls such as warming, herbivory, and other disturbances on changes in vegetation biomass, community structure, and ecosystem function remain unclear. We apply ArcVeg, an arctic tundra vegetation dynamics model, to estimate potential changes in vegetation biomass and net primary production (NPP) at the plant community and functional type levels. ArcVeg is driven by soil nitrogen output from the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model, existing densities of Rangifer populations, and projected summer temperature changes by the NCAR CCSM4.0 general circulation model across the Arctic. We quantified the changes in aboveground biomass and NPP resulting from (i) observed herbivory only; (ii) projected climate change only; and (iii) coupled effects of projected climate change and herbivory. We evaluated model outputs of the absolute and relative differences in biomass and NPP by country, bioclimate subzone, and floristic province. Estimated potential biomass increases resulting from temperature increase only are approximately 5% greater than the biomass modeled due to coupled warming and herbivory. Such potential increases are greater in areas currently occupied by large or dense Rangifer herds such as the Nenets‐occupied regions in Russia (27% greater vegetation increase without herbivores). In addition, herbivory modulates shifts in plant community structure caused by warming. Plant functional types such as shrubs and mosses were affected to a greater degree than other functional types by either warming or herbivory or coupled effects of the two.