bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: In/I2 Mediated Functional Group Transformation: A Direct Approach Toward the Selective Conversion of Dithioester to Ester.
Authors: Chowdhury Sushobhan , Koley Suvajit , Chanda Tanmoy , Singh Maya Shankar 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA variety of α‐allyl‐β‐oxodithioesters is efficiently transformed into the corresponding methylesters.
ChemInform Abstract: Chromatography‐Free and Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of Aryl Tosylates and Mesylates.
Authors: Lei Xiangyang , Jalla Anusha , Abou Shama Mhd A. , Stafford Jamie M. , Cao Billy 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA broad variety of activated and deactivated phenols as well as hydroxy‐hetarenes give the corresponding tosylates and mesylates in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of o‐Quinodimethanes (o‐QDMs) from Benzo[c]oxepines and the Synthetic Application for Polysubstituted Tetrahydronaphthalenes.
Authors: Wang Jungang , Wang Miao , Xiang Jiachen , Xi Hailing , Wu Anxin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAdjustment of the reaction conditions allows for the preparation of either naphthalene or dibenzocyclooctadiene or benzocyclobutene or ortho‐methylstyrene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereodivergent Asymmetric 1,4‐Addition of Oxindoles to Nitroolefins by Using Polyfunctional Nickel‐Hydrogen‐Bond‐Azolium Catalysts.
Authors: Mechler Melanie , Peters Rene 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this asymmetric addition reaction the axially chiral bisimidazolium moiety determines the configuration of the stereocenter at the nitroolefin whereas the iminoalcohol side arms mainly control the stereocenter at the oxindole.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Methylation of Indoles and Pyrroles Using Methanol as Feedstock.
Authors: Chen Shu‐Jie , Lu Guo‐Ping , Cai Chun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWhile indoles are regioselectively mono‐methylated at C‐3, pyrroles give mixtures of mono‐, di‐, and (in the case of unsubstituted pyrrole) polymethylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Indoles by Palladium‐Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization of β‐Nitrostyrenes with Carbon Monoxide as the Reductant.
Authors: Ferretti Francesco , EL‐Atawy Mohamed A. , Muto Stefania , Hagar Mohamed , Gallo Emma , Ragaini Fabio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe optimized conditions are applied to the preparation of a series of 2‐ or 3‐substituted indole structures bearing additional functions at the arene part.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetically Separable Sulfonic Acid Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Diverse Indole Derivatives.
Authors: Kothandapani Jagatheeswaran , Ganesan Asaithampi , Ganesan Subramaniapillai Selva 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe catalyst is applied in the preparation of 3‐(diarylmethyl)indoles and 3,3′‐di(indolyl)oxindole and is reused in five consecutive reaction cycles with slight loss of its activity.
ChemInform Abstract: nBu4NI‐Catalyzed Intermolecular C—O Cross‐Coupling Reactions: Synthesis of Alkyloxyamines.
Authors: Lv Yunhe , Sun Kai , Wang Tingting , Li Gang , Pu Weiya , Chai Nannan , Shen Huihui , Wu Yingtao 
Published: December 2015

AbstractVarious benzylic and allylic hydrocarbons are highly regioselectively coupled with N‐hydroxyphthalimide using TBHP as inexpensive and environmentally friendly oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 3‐Aryloxycarbonyldiazonaphthoquinones for the Synthesis of β‐Phenylnaphthalene Lactones and Formal Synthesis of Pradimicinone.
Authors: Kitamura Mitsuru , Takahashi Shuhei , Okauchi Tatsuo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis method is used in the preparation of pradimicinone precursor (X).
ChemInform Abstract: RhIII‐Catalyzed C—H Activation with Pyridotriazoles: Direct Access to Fluorophores for Metal‐Ion Detection.
Authors: Kim Ju Hyun , Gensch Tobias , Zhao Dongbing , Stegemann Linda , Strassert Cristian A. , Glorius Frank 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSubstituted pyridines and isoquinoline (VI) are used as coupling partners under conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed C—H Activation of Hydrazines Leads to Isoquinolones with Tunable Aggregation‐Induced Emission Properties.
Authors: Yu Bole , Chen Ying , Hong Mei , Duan Pingping , Gan Shifeng , Chao Hui , Zhao Zujin , Zhao Jing 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA variety of isoquinolones (III) and (V) is readily obtained by a Rh‐catalyzed reaction of benzoylhydrazines with the corresponding alkynes (II) and (IV), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid/Base‐Controlled Chemodivergent Synthesis of Two Differently Functionalized Tetrahydroimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Guo Wei‐Si , Xin Xing , Zhao Ke‐Long , Wen Li‐Rong , Li Ming 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAltering the reaction conditions in the second step from basic to acidic medium changes the selectivity of the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Four‐Member Multicomponent Reaction for Assembly of (E)‐6‐Arylvinyl‐3,4‐dihydropyrimidin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Zhang Lianqiang , Duan Xinyu , Yan Xiangqian , Yan Yan , Liu Qingfeng , Liu Tongxin , Zhang Guisheng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStarting from β‐ketoamides, urea, and various aryl aldehydes a scalable high‐yielding one‐step access to the title products is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Quinoxalines or Quinolin‐8‐amines from N‐Propargyl Aniline Derivatives Employing Tin and Indium Chlorides.
Authors: Aichhorn Stefan , Himmelsbach Markus , Schoefberger Wolfgang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe intramolecular annulation of N‐propargyl anilides (I) gives rise to 2‐methylquinoxalines (II), whilst internal alkynes (V) afford quinoline‐8‐amines (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Steroidal and α‐Tocopherylhydroquinone Glycosides from Two Soft Corals Cladiella hirsuta and Sinularia nanolobata.
Authors: Chao Chih‐Hua , Huang Tzu‐Zin , Wu Chia‐Yun , Chen Bo‐Wei , Huang Chiung‐Yao , Hwang Tsong‐Long , Dai Chang‐Feng , Sheu Jyh‐Horng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHirsutosterosides A (Ia) and B (Ib), cladophenol glycosides A (IIa) and B (IIb) and lobatasteroside A (III) together with six known compounds are isolated from the title corals.
Ginkgolide
Authors: Schäfer Bernd 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDie Ginkgolide sind neben dem Bilobalid und einer Reihe an Flavonoiden die wichtigsten Wirkstoffe des Ginkgo‐Baums (Ginkgo biloba). Sie entstammen dem Terpenstoffwechsel und werden durch Zyklisierung von Geranylgeranyldiphosphat, oxidativer Funktionalisierung und Gerüstumlagerungen aufgebaut. Prominente Totalsynthesen des Ginkgolides B wurden von Elias J. Corey und Michael T. Crimmins publiziert. Willmar Schwabe III entwickelte in den 1950er Jahren einen Extrakt der getrockneten Blätter, der verschiedene Ginkgolide, Bilobalid und Flavonoide in angereicherter Form enthält. Dieser wird zur symptomatischen Behandlung von Gedächtnis‐ und Konzentrationsstörungen, Schwindel, Tinnitus und Demenz verwendet.
Neue Ansätze gegen Alzheimer
Authors: John Torsten 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn den Gehirnen von Alzheimer‐Patienten aggregieren vermehrt amyloide Peptide. Diese Ablagerungen verursachen Gedächtnis‐ und Orientierungsstörungen bei älteren Menschen. Neue Erkenntnisse verschiedener Forschergruppen weisen auf diverse Ansätze hin, wie man der Erkrankung begegnen kann. So haben Tierversuche gezeigt, dass Ultraschall diese Peptidablagerungen zerstört. Die Gedächtnisleistung der Mäuse verbesserte sich nach der Behandlung.
Enhanced NIR Luminescence of Nanozeolite L Loading Lanthanide β‐Diketonate Complexes
Authors: Liang Dong , Li Zhiqiang , Li Peng , Chen Yuhuan , Zhang Shuming , Wang Yige 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHerein, we report the preparation of zeolite NIR luminescence materials with a remarkable increase of luminescence intensity by attaching stopper molecule (an imidazolium salt) to the channel entrances of zeolite L loading with NIR lanthanide (Er3+ or Nd3+) β‐diketonate complexes. This results from the formation of Ln3+‐β‐diketonate complexes (Ln=Er or Nd) with high coordination numbers through the decreasing of the proton strength in the zeolite channels. The obtained materials were characterized with SEM and photoluminescence spectroscopy. We believe that this hybrid material will be an appealing candidate for the applications of optical fiber, telecommunications and bio‐imaging.
A component lasso
Authors: Hussami Nadine , Tibshirani Robert J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe propose a new sparse regression method called thecomponent lasso, based on a simple idea. The method uses the connected‐components structure of the sample covariance matrix to split the problem into smaller ones. It then applies the lasso to each subproblem separately, obtaining a coefficient vector for each one. Finally, it uses non‐negative least squares to recombine the different vectors into a single solution. This step is useful in selecting and reweighting components that are correlated with the response. We prove that the component lasso is strongly sign consistent in a block‐diagonal setting. Simulated and real data examples show that the component lasso can outperform standard regression methods such as the lasso and elastic net, achieving a lower mean squared error as well as better support recovery. The modular structure of the algorithm also lends itself naturally to parallel computation.The Canadian Journal of Statistics43: 624–646; 2015 © 2015 Statistical Society of Canada
Survivors of Aortic Dissection: Activity, Mental Health, and Sexual Function
Authors: Chaddha Ashish , Kline‐Rogers Eva , Braverman Alan C. , Erickson Steven R. , Jackson Elizabeth A. , Franklin Barry A. , Woznicki Elise M. , Jabara Justin T. , Montgomery Daniel G. , Eagle Kim A. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundCurrently no research exists assessing lifestyle modifications and emotional state of acute aortic dissection (AAD) survivors. We sought to assess activity, mental health, and sexual function in AAD survivors.HypothesisPhysical and sexual activity will decrease in AAD survivors compared to pre‐dissection. Incidence of anxiety and depression will be significant after AAD.MethodsA cross sectional survey was mailed to 197 subjects from a single academic medical center (part of larger IRAD database). Subjects were ≥18 years of age surviving a type A or B AAD between 1996 and 2011. 82 surveys were returned (overall response rate 42%).ResultsMean age ± SD was 59.5 ± 13.7 years, with 54.9% type A and 43.9% type B patients. Walking remained the most prevalent form of physical activity (49 (60%) pre‐dissection and 47 (57%) post‐dissection). Physical inactivity increased from 14 (17%) before AAD to 20 (24%) after AAD; sexual activity decreased from 31 (38%) to 9 (11%) mostly due to fear. Most patients (66.7%) were not exerting themselves physically or emotionally at AAD onset. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 36 months post‐discharge for patients engaging in ≥2 sessions of aerobic activity/week was 126.67 ± 10.30 vs. 141.10 ± 11.87 (p‐value 0.012) in those who did not. Self‐reported new‐onset depression after AAD was 32% and also 32% for new‐onset anxiety.ConclusionsAlterations in lifestyle and emotional state are frequent in AAD survivors. Clinicians should screen for unfounded fears or beliefs after dissection that may reduce function and/or quality of life for AAD survivors.
Angina in Coronary Artery Disease Patients With and Without Diabetes: US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2010
Authors: Hui Gavin , Koch Bruce , Calara Federico , Wong Nathan D. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTBackgroundAngina pectoris (AP) is common in coronary artery disease (CAD), but whether those with diabetes mellitus (DM) experience AP as often as those without DM is unclear.HypothesisAP prevalence is similar in those with vs without DM in a community sample with CAD.MethodsIn adults with CAD in the US NHANES 2001–2010, AP was determined by self‐report and Rose questionnaire and compared by DM status. Physical functioning and medication use were also evaluated.ResultsOf 1957 adults with CAD, 619 (28.2%) had DM. Prevalence of AP was similar in those with vs without DM (48.9% vs 46.3%; P = 0.38). There was a trend toward more severe AP in those with glycated hemoglobin ≥7% (50.4%) vs <7% (27.1%; P = 0.09). Adjusted logistic regression showed a similar odds of AP (1.06, 95% CI: 0.84‐1.33) in those with vs without DM, although among DM, a 2‐fold greater odds of AP in women vs men. Physical functioning was worse in those with vs without AP overall (score of 25.9 vs 24.3; P < 0.001) and further diminished within those with comorbid DM (26.7 vs 24.0; P < 0.001). Among those with AP, those with vs without DM were more likely on β‐blockers, statins, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, and antiplatelet therapy.ConclusionsAP in CAD patients is similar among those with vs without DM, despite greater use of evidence‐based therapies in DM patients. Greater physical limitations exist in those with vs without AP, and further diminish with comorbid DM.
Highly Concentrated Ethanol Solutions: Good Solvents for DNA as Revealed by Single‐Molecule Observation
Authors: Oda Yuki , Sadakane Koichiro , Yoshikawa Yuko , Imanaka Tadayuki , Takiguchi Kingo , Hayashi Masahito , Kenmotsu Takahiro , Yoshikawa Kenichi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe observed single DNA molecules at different ethanol concentrations by using fluorescence microscopy. Large single DNA molecules undergo reentrant conformational transitions from elongated coil into folded globule and then into elongated coil state, accompanied by the increase of the concentration of ethanol in a low‐salt aqueous environment. The second transition from globule into the coil state occurs at around 70 % (v/v) ethanol. From circular dichroism (CD) measurements, it is confirmed that the reentrant transition of the higher order structure proceeds together with the transitions of the secondary structure from B to C and, then, from C to A in a cooperative manner. The determined mechanism of the reentrant transition is discussed in relation to the unique characteristics of solutions with higher ethanol content, for which clathrate‐like nanostructures of alcohol molecules are generated in the surrounding water.
Far‐ and Deep‐UV Spectroscopy of Semiconductor Nanoparticles Measured Based on Attenuated Total Reflectance spectroscopy
Authors: Tanabe Ichiro , Yamada Yosuke , Ozaki Yukihiro 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFar‐ and deep‐ultraviolet spectra (150–300 nm) of semiconductor nanoparticles (zinc oxide and zinc sulfide) are successfully measured by using attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy, and analyzed using finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations. The obtained spectra show good consistency with earlier synchrotron‐radiation spectra and with theoretical calculations. The FDTD simulation results show that the present system collected the correct spectra. In the present system, the obtained spectra are affected by the real part n of the complex refractive index more strongly than the imaginary part k. It is also revealed both experimentally and theoretically that spectral intensities of the semiconductor nanoparticles are approximately one tenth those of liquid samples. These results provide insights into the far‐ and deep‐ultraviolet spectroscopy based on the ATR system, and show the general applicability of our original ATR spectroscopy to semiconductor nanoparticles. The system needs neither high vacuum nor much space, and enables rapid and systematic investigation of the electronic states of various materials.
Pressure—A Gateway to Fundamental Insights into Protein Solvation, Dynamics, and Function
Authors: Luong Trung Quan , Kapoor Shobhna , Winter Roland 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe front cover artwork is provided by the group of Prof. Roland Winter at TU Dortmund University. The image shows the effect of pressure on protein′s energy landscape, which is controlled by the hydration sphere. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cphc.201500669
Perovskite Solar Cells: Influence of Hole Transporting Materials on Power Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Ameen Sadia , Rub Malik Abdul , Kosa Samia A. , Alamry Khalid A. , Akhtar M. Shaheer , Shin Hyung‐Shik , Seo Hyung‐Kee , Asiri Abdullah M. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe recent advances in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) created a tsunami effect in the photovoltaic community. PSCs are newfangled high‐performance photovoltaic devices with low cost that are solution processable for large‐scale energy production. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of such devices experienced an unprecedented increase from 3.8 % to a certified value exceeding 20 %, demonstrating exceptional properties of perovskites as solar cell materials. A key advancement in perovskite solar cells, compared with dye‐sensitized solar cells, occurred with the replacement of liquid electrolytes with solid‐state hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) such as 2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis‐(N,N‐di‐4‐methoxyphenylamino)‐9,9′‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD), which contributed to enhanced PCE values and improved the cell stability. Following improvements in the perovskite crystallinity to produce a smooth, uniform morphology, the selective and efficient extraction of positive and negative charges in the device dictated the PCE of PSCs. In this Review, we focus mainly on the HTMs responsible for hole transport and extraction in PSCs, which is one of the essential components for efficient devices. Here, we describe the current state‐of‐the‐art in molecular engineering of hole‐transporting materials that are used in PSCs and highlight the requisites for market‐viability of this technology. Finally, we include an outlook on molecular engineering of new functional HTMs for high efficiency PSCs.
Substituent‐Influenced Spin Cross­over in FeIII Quinolylsalicylaldimin­ates
Authors: Sertphon Darunee , Harding David J. , Harding Phimphaka , Murray Keith S. , Moubaraki Boujemaa , Adams Harry , Alkaş Adil , Telfer Shane G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe new ligand Hqsal‐4‐OMe was synthesized, and four iron(III) complexes, [Fe(qsal‐4‐OMe)2]Y·CH2Cl2 [Hqsal‐4‐OMe = 4‐methoxy‐N‐(8‐quinolyl)salicylaldimine; Y = ClO4 (1), NO3 (2)] and [Fe(qsal‐4‐OMe)2]Y (Y = PF6 (3), OTf (4)] as well as the isomer [Fe(qsal‐5‐OMe)2]PF6·CH2Cl2 (5), were prepared. UV/Vis spectroscopic studies indicated that the complexes are high‐spin in solution and exhibit a ligand‐to‐metal charge‐transfer band around 400 nm. X‐ray crystallographic studies on [Fe(qsal‐4‐OMe)2]Y·CH2Cl2 (Y = ClO4, NO3) and [Fe(qsal‐4‐OMe)2]PF6 at 97 K revealed high‐spin FeIII centres with one of the qsal‐4‐OMe ligands significantly distorted from planarity. In contrast, in 5 the FeIII centre is low‐spin at low temperature, and the room‐temperature structure of 5 shows about 25 % spin crossover (SCO). The structure of [Fe(qsal‐4‐OMe)2]Y·sol shows weak π–π interactions between neighbouring cations, while 5 exhibits stronger π–π interactions that link it into a 1D chain. SQUID magnetometric studies revealed that 1–4 are essentially high‐spin, whereas 5 undergoes gradual and almost complete SCO up to 350 K. A combination of distortions to the qsal‐4‐OMe ligand and intermolecular C–H···O interactions involving both the coordinated phenolate oxygen atom and the OMe group seem to be responsible for the loss of SCO.
Half‐Sandwich Guanidinate–Osmium(II) Complexes: Synthesis and Application in the Selective Dehydration of Aldoximes
Authors: Francos Javier , González‐Liste Pedro J. , Menéndez‐Rodríguez Lucía , Crochet Pascale , Cadierno Victorio , Borge Javier , Antiñolo Antonio , Fernández‐Galán Rafael , Carrillo‐Hermosilla Fernando 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe novel guanidinate–osmium(II) complexes [OsCl{κ2‐(N,N′)‐C(NR)(NiPr)NHiPr}(η6‐p‐cymene)] [R = Ph (3a), 4‐C6H4F (3b), 4‐C6H4Cl (3c), 4‐C6H4CF3 (3d), 3‐C6H4CF3 (3e), 3,5‐C6H3(CF3)2 (3f), 4‐C6H4CN (3g), 4‐C6H4Me (3h), 3‐C6H4Me (3i), 2‐C6H4Me (3j), 4‐C6H4tBu (3k), 2,6‐C6H3iPr2 (3l), 2,4,6‐C6H2Me3 (3m)] have been synthesized in high yields (70–88 %) by treatment of THF solutions of the dimeric precursor [{OsCl(µ‐Cl)(η6‐p‐cymene)}2] (1) with 4 equivalents of the corresponding guanidine (iPrHN)2C=NR (2a–m) at room temperature. The easily separable guanidinium chloride salts [(iPrHN)2C(NHR)]Cl (4a–m) were also formed in these reactions. The structures of 3a, 3d, and 3h were unequivocally confirmed by X‐ray diffraction methods. Complexes 3a–m proved to be active in the catalytic dehydration of aldoximes. The best results were obtained with [OsCl{κ2‐(N,N′)‐C(N‐4‐C6H4CF3)(NiPr)NHiPr}(η6‐p‐cymene)] (3d; 5 mol‐%), which, in acetonitrile at 80 °C, was able to convert selectively a large variety of aromatic, heteroaromatic, α,β‐unsaturated, and aliphatic aldoximes into the corresponding nitriles in high yields and short reaction times.
Generator‐collector Voltammetry at Dual‐plate Gold‐gold Microtrench Electrodes as Diagnostic Tool in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Angel Montiel Miguel , Iniesta Jesus , Gross Andrew J. , Thiemann Thies , Marken Frank 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIonic liquids provide high viscosity solvent environments with interesting voltammetric characteristics and new electrochemical mechanisms. Here, a gold‐gold dual‐plate microtrench electrode is employed in generator‐collector mode to enhance viscosity‐limited currents in ionic liquids due to fast feedback within small inter‐electrode gaps (5 μm inter‐electrode gap, 27 μm microtrench depth) and to provide a mechanistic diagnosis tool. Three redox systems in the ionic liquid BMIm+BF4− are investigated: (i) ferrocene oxidation, (ii) oxygen reduction, and (iii) 2‐phenyl‐naphthyl‐1,4‐dione reduction. Both transient and steady state voltammetric responses are compared. Asymmetric diffusion processes, reaction intermediates, and solubility changes in the ionic liquid are revealed.
Field testing of thermoplastic encapsulants in high‐temperature installations
Authors: Kempe Michael D. , Miller David C. , Wohlgemuth John H. , Kurtz Sarah R. , Moseley John M. , Shah Qurat A. , Tamizhmani Govindasamy , Sakurai Keiichiro , Inoue Masanao , Doi Takuya , Masuda Atsushi , Samuels Sam L. , Vanderpan Crystal E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRecently there has been increased interest in using thermoplastic encapsulant materials in photovoltaic modules, but concerns have been raised about whether these would be mechanically stable at high temperatures in the field. Recently, this has become a significant topic of discussion in the development of IEC 61730 and IEC 61215. We constructed eight pairs of crystalline‐silicon modules and eight pairs of glass/encapsulation/glass thin‐film mock modules using different encapsulant materials, of which only two were formulated to chemically crosslink. One module set was exposed outdoors with thermal insulation on the back side in Mesa, Arizona, in the summer (hot‐dry), and an identical module set was exposed in environmental chambers. High‐precision creep measurements (±20 μm) and electrical performance measurements indicate that despite many of these polymeric materials operating in the melt or rubbery state during outdoor deployment, no significant creep was seen because of their high viscosity, lower operating temperature at the edges, and/or the formation of chemical crosslinks in many of the encapsulants with age despite the absence of a crosslinking agent. Only an ethylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) encapsulant formulated without a peroxide crosslinking agent crept significantly. In the case of the crystalline‐silicon modules, the physical restraint of the backsheet reduced creep further and was not detectable even for the EVA without peroxide. Because of the propensity of some polymeric materials to crosslink as they age, typical thermoplastic encapsulants would be unlikely to result in creep in the vast majority of installations.