bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Diversity of Two Evergreen Oaks [Quercus suber (L.) and Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia (Lam.)] in Portugal using AFLP Markers
Authors: Coelho A. C. , Lima M. B. , Neves D. , Cravador A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The genetic variability of cork oak (Quercus suber, L.) in Portugal was evaluated by AFLP using five primer combinations. Three hundred and thirteen trees from three geographically contrasting regions exhibited a high level of genetic variation. The genetic profile of each individual is composed of 291 loci, randomly positioned in the genome and consists of monomorphic and polymorphic fragments. Similarities and dissimilarities among the individuals were quantitatively evaluated by numerical taxonomy. The overall sample shows a proportion of AFLP polymorphic markers of 71%, denoting a high level of variability. Ninety percent of the polymorphic markers identified in cork oak genotypes are uniformly distributed throughout the cork oak populations of Algarve, Alentejo and Trás-os-Montes regions. The coefficients of genetic similarity vary from 0.61 to 0.88 implying that 60% of fragments found are common. A sample of 52 holm oak [Quercus ilex subsp. rotundifolia (Lam.)] trees from overlapping areas was also analysed by AFLP with the same five primer combinations. However the codification of markers together with those selected on cork oak profiles was feasible with only one primer combination due to an apparent much higher polymorphism. AFLP and numerical taxonomy analysis enabled to differentiate the taxa and showed that the level of similarity observed between the profiles of the individuals from holm oak species was lower than that observed in cork oak, implying that apparently the degree of polymorphism is higher in Q. ilex subsp. rotundifolia than that quantified in Q. suber. A Bayesian approach was used to assess Q. suber total genetic diversity (Ht = 0.2534, P < 0.001) of which 1.7% (Fst = 0.0172, P < 0.001) was assigned to differences among populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that most genetic variation is comprised within populations (96%) while 3.6% is among populations (Φst = 0.036, P < 0.001). Differences among populations within geographic regions account for 2.6% (Φsc = 0.026, P < 0.001) of the total variation and only 1.3% (Φct = 0.013, P = 0.007) is attributed to variation among regions denoting little differentiation of populations over a range of 700 km.
The Overexpression of Glutamine Synthetase in Transgenic Poplar: A Review
Authors: Kirby E. G. , Gallardo F. , Man H. , El-Khatib R. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In investigating the pivotal role of glutamine synthetase in woody plant development, we have strived to develop an understanding of the biochemical and physiological mechanisms whereby enhanced expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) in poplar contributes to vegetative growth through enhanced nitrogen use efficiency. Considerable effort has also centered on characterization of enhanced resistance of transgenic GS overexpressor lines to abiotic stresses and proposed mechanisms. This summary of our work also focuses on future applications in forest tree improvement.
Induction of Diploid Eggs With Colchicine During Embryo Sac Development in Populus
Authors: Wang J. , Kang X. Y. , Li D. L. , Chen H. W. , Zhang P. D. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Diploid (2n) eggs were induced by treating developing embryo sacs of Populus with colchicine solution, in order to produce triploid plants. The optimal pollinated time of female catkins was confirmed as timing point for each treatment. When female catkins of P. pseudo-simonii x P. nigra ‘Zheyin3#’ had become 5.62 ± 0.13 cm long 84 h after they emerged from their bract scales and all stigmas were exposed, pistils all over the entire catkin had optimal stigma receptivity. Observation of paraffin sections showed that embryo sac development of ‘Zheyin3#’, which initiated 12 h before pollination and finished 132 h after pollination, was a successive and asynchronous process. Generative cell division of pollen of the male parent P. x beijingensis took place 3-16 h after pollination. Catkins of 18-96 h after pollination of ‘Zheyin3#’ were treated with colchicine solution. In the progeny, twenty three triploids were detected by chromosome counting and the highest rate of triploids was 66.7% in one treatment. The rate of triploid yield was positively correlated with the frequency of four-nucleate embryo sacs (r = 0.6721, p = 0.0981) and was not significantly correlated with the percentages of uni-, twoand eight-nucleate embryo sac (r = -0.1667, p = 0.7210, r = -0.3069, p = 0.5031 and r = 0.0189, p = 0.9679, respectively), suggesting that the third mitotic division of embryo sac may be the effective stage to induce 2n eggs. Through this approach, completely homozygous 2n eggs can be produced. Its significance for plant breeding is discussed.
Isolation, Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Nucleotide Binding Site-encoding Disease-resistance Gene Analogues from European Aspen (Populus tremula)
Authors: Zhang Yong , Zhang Shougong , Qi Liwang , Zhang Tao , Wang Chunguo , Chen Chengbin , Song Wenqin 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The majority of verified plant disease resistance genes (R genes) isolated to date was of the nucleotide binding site-leucine rich repeat (NBS-LRR) class. The conservation between different NBS-LRR R genes opens the avenue for the use of PCR based strategies in isolating and cloning other R gene family members or analogs (resistance gene analogue, RGA) using degenerate primers for these conserved regions. In this study, to better understand the R gene in European aspen (Populus tremula), a perennial tree, we used degenerate primers to amplify RGA sequences from European aspen. Cloning and sequence characterization identified 37 European aspen RGAs, which could be phylogenetically classified into seven subfamilies. Deduced amino acid sequences of European aspen RGAs showed strong identity, ranging from 30.41 to 46.63%, to toll interleukin receptor (TIR) R gene subfamily. BLAST searches with reference to the genomic sequence of P. trichocarpa found 209 highly homologous regions distributed in 28 genomic loci, suggesting the abundance and divergence of NBS-encoding R genes in European aspen genome. Although, numerous studies have reported that plant R genes are under diversifying selection for specificity to evolving pathogens, non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitution (dN/dS) ratio were <1 for NBS domains of European aspen RGA, showing the evidence of purifying selection in this perennial tree. In further analysis, many intergenic exchanges were also detected among these RGAs, indicating a probable role in homogenising NBS domains. The present study permits insights into the origin, diversification, evolution and function of NBS-LRR R genes in perennial species like European aspen and will be useful for further R gene isolation and exploitation.
Genetic Correlations Among Field Trials of Norway Spruce Clones Representing Different Propagation Cycles
Authors: Högberg Karl-Anders , Dutkowski G. W. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Serial cutting propagation means that clones are produced in consecutive propagation cycles, where a new round of cuttings are taken from the previously rooted cuttings, etc. The objective of this study was to judge the importance of propagation cycle on height growth in field trials. In a field trial series with Norway spruce clones, comprising nine trials in four cutting propagation cycles, propagation cycle only had a minor effect on height growth compared to the site effect. For inter-site correlation models where all trials were included, the best fit was obtained by an unstructured model, while the most parsimonious model included constraints on the correlations depending on cycle structure. Model constraints based on grouping of the trials by site productivity did not improve the fit. Testing for generally good performers over a range of different site conditions appears to be a good approach, unless drivers of genotype by environment interaction can be identified.
SSR and SNP Markers for the Identification of Clones, Hybrids and Species Within the Genus Populus
Authors: Schroeder H. , Fladung M. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Several poplar species within a section, but also between sections, are cross-compatible, thus a high number of interspecies-hybrids occur naturally or have been artificially produced during the last 100 years. Very often, systematically kept records on the production or vegetative propagation of poplar hybrids and/or clones have not been available to date. Hence the origin of the poplar plant material used for the generation of hybrids or clones is not quite clear in many cases, thus making the differentiation between the clones a difficult task. Therefore, genetic markers are needed to clearly identify and differentiate the species and hybrids in the genus Populus, including both identification of existing clones and the breeding of new ones. One aspect of this study is therefore to develop molecular markers for the identification and differentiation of species, hybrids, and clones of the genus Populus.
Genetic Variation Amongst and Within the Native Provenances of Pinus radiata D. Don in South-eastern Australia. 3. Molecular and Quantitative Structure
Authors: Raymond Carolyn A. , Tibbits J. F. G. , Henson M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPatterns of differentiation between populations within a species can be examined using both molecular and quantitative data, with observed differences indicative of adaptation to local conditions. Pinus radiata D. Don (radiata pine) is a species of commercial importance in many countries but also listed as conservation dependent in its native range on the Californian coast and two off shore islands. This paper presents a comparative analysis of existing molecular data with new quantitative data from a large provenance/progeny trial in southeastern Australia. Microsatellite data was reanalysed using a Bayesian model to test whether the a priori assumption of five natural occurrences was valid. With the validity of the geographic structure confirmed, two further approaches were used to examine genetic structure 1. a comparative study of Fstand Qstestimates to investigate the role of drift and selection in shaping the differentiation between the populations for breeding traits and 2. population clustering based on both quantitative and molecular data. Results strongly support the hypothesis that the island provenances of Pinus radiata are distinctly different to the mainland provenances. The molecular evidence also indicates the island provenances are different to each other. However, these differences were not apparent for the quantitative traits related to tree growth and form. The two island populations were however, strongly differentiated from each other for wood density and acoustic velocity. The patterns of phenotypic differentiation of the island provenances for these wood traits are both consistent with, and greater than, that observed for the molecular data, providing some evidence for directional selection on these traits. This study provides a background for the interpretation of molecular studies aimed at detecting molecular signatures of selection and associating genetic variation within genes with these traits.
Genetic and adaptive trait variation in seedlings of European beech provenances from Northern Germany
Authors: Müller Markus , Finkeldey Reiner 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEuropean beech (Fagus sylvaticaL.) will most likely be threatened by climate change. Therefore, more knowledge of its adaptation potential to changing environmental conditions is required. Several studies showed differences in adaptive traits for beech populations from across Europe, but there is also growing evidence for microevolutionary processes occurring within short geographic distances in this species, or even a lack of local adaptation. Hence, a more regional perspective for adaptation research in beech might be appropriate. Here, we investigated the performance (height, height increment and mortality) and genetic structure based on microsatellite markers of 2400 beech seedlings from provenances growing along a temperature and precipitation gradient in Northern Germany in a common garden experiment. Differences for all traits were found among provenances. Provenances from lower precipitation areas did not perform better than provenances from higher precipitation areas at the common garden site, which was located near the lower precipitation limit of beech. Further, neighboring provenances growing on either sandy or loamy soils showed more different adaptive trait variation than distant provenances. We detected minor genetic structure among provenances and a high genetic diversity within them. Thus, small-scale adaptive trait variation in beech can occur, despite low but significant genetic population structure among provenances.
Investigation of a High Pressure Ratio Centrifugal Compressor with Wedge Diffuser and Pipe Diffuser
Authors: Han Ge , Yang Chengwu , Zhao Shengfeng , Zhang Yanfeng , Lu Xingen 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This present work is aimed at providing detailed understanding of the flow mechanisms in a highly loaded centrifugal compressor with different diffusers. Performance comparison between compressor stages with pipe diffuser and wedge diffuser was conducted by a validated flow solver. Stage with pipe diffuser achieved a better performance above 80 % rotating speed but a worse performance at lower rotating speeds near surge. Four operating points including the design point were analyzed in detail. The inherent diffuser leading edge of pipe diffuser could create a better operating condition for the downstream diffusion, which reduced the possibility of flow separation in discrete passages at design rotating speed. At 60 % rotating speed operating point, there was a large negative incidence angle. The sharp leading edge of pipe diffuser could largely accommodate this negative incidence as comparison of the round leading edge of wedge diffuser. As a result, a better performance was achieved in the pipe diffuser. At 60 % rotating speed near surge, performance of the pipe diffuser dropped below wedge diffuser. Total pressure loss of pipe diffuser exceeded that of the wedge diffuser due to the larger friction loss near wall at throat and ineffective static pressure recovery.
Promicanje interkulturalizma u školskom okruženju
Authors: Buterin Marija 
Published: October 2017

Afirmacija razumijevanja i prihvaćanja između pripadnika različitih kultura predstavlja jedan od temeljnih zadataka odgojno-obrazovnih sustava u suvremenim demokratskim društvima. Kako bi se taj zadatak što uspješnije realizirao, ističe se važnost uvođenja interkulturalizma kao dimenzije cjelokupne odgojno-obrazovne djelatnosti. Polazeći od shvaćanja prema kojem odgojno-obrazovne ustanove imaju važnu ulogu u formiranju interkulturalnog razumijevanja, vrijednosti, stavova i ponašanja njenih članova, u radu se razmatra problematika promicanja interkulturalizma u školskom okruženju. Na temelju pregleda dosadašnjih istraživanja, razmatraju se različita područja i obilježja odgojnoobrazovnog djelovanja te s njima povezane pretpostavke za izgradnju škole kao mjesta interkulturalnog učenja.
Sobre la responsabilidad y su relación con el daño y los perjuicios
Authors: Sarmiento Cristancho Daniel , Medina Velandía Sindy , Plazas Estepa Rodrigo 
Published: October 2017

<p> </p><p>El concepto de responsabilidad civil, desde el punto de vista del daño como fuente, tiene distintas dimensiones jurídicas. Esta relación entre responsabilidad civil y daño se sustenta en sus elementos, los tipos de obligaciones que genera y cómo se caracteriza. Esto teniendo en cuenta que la visión de las altas cortes colombianas se inclina por determinar un vínculo entre las características del daño y la obtención de una indemnización por los perjuicios causados.<br /><br /></p>
Haploid Selection Favors Suppressed Recombination Between Sex Chromosomes Despite Causing Biased Sex Ratios
Authors: Scott Michael F , Otto Sarah P 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
To date, research on the evolution of sex chromosomes has focused on sexually antagonistic selection among diploids, which has been shown to be a potent driver of the strata and reduced recombination that characterize many sex chromosomes. However, significant selection can also occur on haploid genotypes during less conspicuous life cycle stages, e.g., competition among sperm/pollen or meiotic drive during gamete/spore production. These haploid selective processes are typically sex-specific, e.g., gametic/gametophytic competition typically occurs among sperm/pollen, and meiotic drive typically occurs during either spermatogenesis or oogenesis. We use models to investigate whether sex-specific selection on haploids could drive the evolution of recombination suppression on the sex chromosomes, as has been demonstrated for sex-specific selection among diploids. A potential complication is that zygotic sex-ratios become biased when haploid selected loci become linked to the sex-determining region because the zygotic sex ratio is determined by the relative number and fitness of X- vs. Y-bearing sperm. Despite causing biased zygotic sex-ratios, we find that a period of sex-specific haploid selection generally favors recombination suppression on the sex chromosomes. Suppressed recombination is favored because it allows associations to build up between haploid-beneficial alleles and the sex that experiences haploid selection most often (e.g., pollen beneficial alleles become strongly associated with the male determining region, Y or Z). Haploid selected loci can favor recombination suppression even in the absence of selective differences between male and female diploids. Overall, we expand our view of the sex-specific life cycle stages that can drive sex chromosome evolution to include gametic competition and meiotic drive. Based on our models, sex chromosomes should become enriched for genes that experience haploid selection, as is expected for genes that experience sexually antagonistic selection. Thus, we generate a number of predictions that can be evaluated in emerging sex chromosome systems.
Impulsivity and compulsivity in Internet gaming disorder: A comparison with obsessive–compulsive disorder and alcohol use disorder
Authors: Kim Yeon-Jin , Lim Jae A. , Lee Ji Yoon , Oh Sohee , Kim Sung Nyun , Kim Dai Jin , Ha Jong Eun , Kwon Jun Soo , Choi Jung-Seok 
Published: October 2017

Background and aims
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is characterized by a loss of control and a preoccupation with Internet games leading to repetitive behavior. We aimed to compare the baseline neuropsychological profiles in IGD, alcohol use disorder (AUD), and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) in the spectrum of impulsivity and compulsivity.

Methods
A total of 225 subjects (IGD, N = 86; AUD, N = 39; OCD, N = 23; healthy controls, N = 77) were administered traditional neuropsychological tests including Korean version of the Stroop Color–Word test and computerized neuropsychological tests, including the stop signal test (SST) and the intra–extra dimensional set shift test (IED).

Results
Within the domain of impulsivity, the IGD and OCD groups made significantly more direction errors in SST (p = .003, p = .001) and showed significantly delayed reaction times in the color–word reading condition of the Stroop test (p = .049, p = .001). The OCD group showed the slowest reading time in the color–word condition among the four groups. Within the domain of compulsivity, IGD patients showed the worst performance in IED total trials measuring attentional set shifting ability among the groups.

Conclusions
Both the IGD and OCD groups shared impairment in inhibitory control functions as well as cognitive inflexibility. Neurocognitive dysfunction in IGD is linked to feature of impulsivity and compulsivity of behavioral addiction rather than impulse dyscontrol by itself.
RAÇA, GÊNERO E CLASSE: NOTAS A PARTIR DE EXPERIÊNCIAS DE MULHERES NEGRAS DE CLASSE MÉDIA NA UFMG
Authors: De Castro Ricardo Dias , Gonzaga Paula Rita Bacellar , Lino Tayane Rogeria , Mayorga Claudia 
Published: October 2017

Esse artigo traz contribuições acerca da complexa trajetória de mulheres negras universitárias de classe média da UFMG e analisa as dinâmicas e vivências de preconceito e discriminação que ocorrem em espaços universitários e economicamente privilegiados.
Em uma tentativa de produzir conhecimento com essas entrevistadas, construímos narrativas a partir de conversas realizadas com quatro mulheres negras de classe média com trajetórias universitárias na UFMG. Observamos, a partir da fala das entrevistadas, que a ascensão econômica e o acesso ao dinheiro não eliminam o racismo e, por outro lado, acionam-no de distintas maneiras. Em linhas gerais, as jovens denunciam e constroem distintos modos de combater a sua solidão/ exotificação no mercado afetivo-sexual; os conflitos inter-raciais com homens brancos e a desvalorização de seus saberes, culturas e práticas afroreferenciados.
LINHA EDITORIAL E REGRAS DE SUBMISSÃO
Authors: Edunit Edunit 
Published: October 2017

A Revista Interfaces Científica - Direito, conta com
as linhas editoriais “Direitos Fundamentais Sociais”
e “Direitos Fundamentais Individuais e Coletivos” e
tem por foco os integrantes da comunidade jurídica e
também das ciências sociais e humanas de um modo
geral.
EL ASCENSO POLÍTICO DE LA CONTRA-ÉLITE LIDERADA POR EVO MORALES
Authors: Espinoza Fran , Sangalli Amanda , Gerardi Dirceu André 
Published: October 2017

Las investigaciones que analizan el escenario político
y social boliviano, se centran en la capacidad movilizadora
y de resistencia de las federaciones de cocaleros
frente a la represión del Estado; sin embargo, se
hace poca reflexión sobre las estrategias políticas de
la contra-élite liderada por Evo Morales. El presente
artículo tiene como objetivo describir el ascenso político
de Evo Morales desde la perspectiva de los estudios
elitarios. En ese sentido, se manejará la siguiente
definición de contra-élite: grupos o estratos sociales
que quieren conquistar el poder y tienen intereses e
ideas alternativas a la élite gobernante. Se parte del
supuesto que el triunfo electoral de Evo Morales se
debe a cálculos políticos en su afán por el reparto de
poder. A nivel metodológico, se estudia los principales
acontecimientos sociales que propiciaron su victoria.
Se concluye que la fortaleza de la contra-élite radica
en construcción de los vínculos entre movimientos y
partido político.