bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced electric conductivity of polymer‐derived SiCN ceramics by microwave post‐treatment
Authors: Shao Gang , Peng Wenfeng , Ma Chao , Zhao Wanyu , Guo Jingxia , Feng Yuqi , Wang Hailong , Zhang Rui , An Linan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe effect of microwave treatment on the electric conductivity and structure of a polymer‐derived SiCN ceramic is studied. It is found that the conductivity of the microwave‐treated sample is about 40 times higher than that of the conventional heat‐treated one at the same temperature and dwell time conventionally. The X‐ray diffraction patterns show that both samples are amorphous without obvious crystallization. Raman analysis reveals that the microwave‐treated sample exhibited a narrower full width at half maximum and upper‐shift of G peak. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra show that there is a significant sp3‐to‐sp2 transition of free carbon in the microwave‐treated sample. These results suggest that the microwave‐treatment can induce a distinct structure evolution of the free carbon, which contributes to the remarkable enhancement of the conductivity of the sample.
Viscosity of glass‐forming systems
Authors: Zheng Qiuju , Mauro John C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAs one of the most important properties of glass‐forming liquids, viscosity has drawn significant attention in both glass manufacturing and fundamental research. We review the recent scientific progress in viscosity of glass‐forming systems, including both the liquid and glassy states. After the Vogel‐Fulcher‐Tammann (VFT) equation was introduced, many more efforts have been made to develop more accurate models to describe the temperature dependence of viscosity. In addition to the VFT equation, we also discuss three other viscosity models, viz., the Adam‐Gibbs, Avramov‐Milchev, and Mauro‐Yue‐Ellison‐Gupta‐Allan models. We compare the four viscosity models in terms of their theoretical underpinnings and ability to fit measured viscosity curves. The concept of fragility and the universality of the high‐temperature viscosity limit are also discussed. Temperature‐dependent constraint theory is introduced in detail as a powerful tool for predicting the composition dependence of viscosity. Some examples of the application of this approach to predict the glass transition temperature and fragility of various glass systems are shown. Topological constraint theory is not only of scientific interest, but also has important industrial applicability. We also discuss the thermal history dependence of viscosity in the glassy state. Some phenomenological models are briefly reviewed, while the main focus is given to the modified Mauro‐Allan‐Potuzak model, which can accurately predict the nonequilibrium viscosity as a function of temperature, thermal history, and composition. The correlation of viscosity with elasticity is described in terms of the shoving model. Some theoretical implications of the various viscosity models are discussed, including the concepts of the Kauzmann paradox and the ideal glass transition. Some of the evidence against the existence of these phenomena are discussed. We also review the link between glass relaxation and viscosity, that is, emphasizing that the viscosity equations presented in this review can also be used to model different types of relaxation effects based on the Maxwell relation.
Focal Impulse and Rotor Modulation for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: Locations and 1 Year Outcomes of Human Rotors Identified Using a 64‐Electrode Basket Catheter
Authors: TILZ ROLAND RICHARD , LIN TINA , RILLIG ANDREAS , HEEGER CHRISTIAN‐H. , SCHOLZ LEONIE , WOHLMUTH PETER , BUCUR TUDOR , METZNER ANDREAS , MATHEW SHIBU , WISSNER ERIK , OUYANG FEIFAN , KUCK KARL‐HEINZ 
Published: December 2016

Rotor Locations and 1 Year Outcomes of FIRM AblationIntroductionPulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is currently the gold standard for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). The mechanism for AF‐maintenance is still controversial. The concept of rapidly activating spiral rotors perpetuating AF has led to the development of several rotor‐mapping systems. We present our experience with focal impulse and rotor modulation (FIRM) using a 64‐electrode basket catheter and computational system and evaluate its feasibility in conjunction with PVI to treat AF.Methods and ResultsTwenty‐five patients underwent FIRM mapping and ablation to treat AF (paroxysmal = 10, 40%). A basket catheter was used for rotor identification within the right atrium (RA) then left atrium (LA). Radiofrequency energy was applied at and around each rotor core for 300 seconds and rotor‐mapping and ablation was repeated until all rotors were eliminated before circumferential PVI was performed. Three (1.0, 4.0) rotors were identified per patient, predominantly in the LA (LA = 59). Note that 7/59 left‐sided rotors were located 8/59 at the PV antrum. Twelve (48%) patients had either AF termination (termination = 6/12) or conversion to another rhythm, or cycle length (CL) prolongation ≥10% after rotor ablation. After a single procedure, 13 (52%) patients were free of atrial tachyarrhythmia after a follow‐up period of 13 ± 1 months.ConclusionEarly results suggest that FIRM‐ablation can terminate AF in a significant number of patients. Rotors were frequently identified in the PVs and PV antrum, supporting PVI as the cornerstone of AF ablation.
Emerging role of HMGB1 in lung diseases: friend or foe
Authors: Ding Junying , Cui Xuran , Liu Qingquan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLung diseases remain a serious problem for public health. The immune status of the body is considered to be the main influencing factor for the progression of lung diseases. HMGB1 (high‐mobility group box 1) emerges as an important molecule of the body immune network. Accumulating data have demonstrated that HMGB1 is crucially implicated in lung diseases and acts as independent biomarker and therapeutic target for related lung diseases. This review provides an overview of updated understanding of HMGB1 structure, release styles, receptors and function. Furthermore, we discuss the potential role of HMGB1 in a variety of lung diseases. Further exploration of molecular mechanisms underlying the function of HMGB1 in lung diseases will provide novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for lung diseases.
Continued Use of Warfarin in Veterans with Atrial Fibrillation After Dementia Diagnosis
Authors: Orkaby Ariela R. , Ozonoff Al , Reisman Joel I. , Miller Donald R. , Zhao Shibei , Rose Adam J. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the effectiveness of warfarin in older adults with dementia.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingDepartment of Veterans Affairs national healthcare system.ParticipantsVeterans aged 65 and older (73% aged ≥75, 99% male, 91% white) who had been receiving warfarin for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation for at least 6 months, were newly diagnosed with dementia in fiscal year 2007 or 2008, and were not enrolled in Medicare Advantage (n = 2,572).MeasurementsThe onset of dementia was defined according to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, code. Participants were followed for up to 4 years for persistence of warfarin therapy, anticoagulation control, major hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and all‐cause mortality.ResultsThe average CHADS2 score was 3.3 ± 1.3. After a diagnosis of dementia, 405 individuals (16%) persisted on warfarin therapy. Unadjusted Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated a protective effect of warfarin in prevention of ischemic stroke (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.46–0.89, P = .008), major bleeding (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.55–0.94, P = .02), and all‐cause mortality (HR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.55–0.79, P < .001). Using propensity score matching, the protective effect of continuing warfarin persisted in prevention of stroke (HR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.54–0.996, P = .047) and mortality (HR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.60–0.87, P < .001), with no statistically significant decrease in risk of major bleeding (HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.61–1.01, P = .06).ConclusionDiscontinuing warfarin after a diagnosis of dementia is associated with a significant increase in stroke and mortality.
Outcomes of Treated Hypertension at Age 80 and Older: Cohort Analysis of 79,376 Individuals
Authors: Delgado João , Masoli Jane A. H. , Bowman Kirsty , Strain W. David , Kuchel George A. , Walters Kate , Lafortune Louise , Brayne Carol , Melzer David , Ble Alessandro ,   As part of the Ageing Well Programme of the NIHR School for Public Health Research, England
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesTo estimate outcomes according to attained blood pressure (BP) in the oldest adults treated for hypertension in routine family practice.DesignCohort analysis of primary care inpatient and death certificate data for individuals with hypertension.SettingPrimary care practices in England (Clinical Practice Research Datalink).ParticipantsIndividuals aged 80 and older taking antihypertensive medication and free of dementia, cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and end‐stage renal failure at baseline.MeasurementsOutcomes were mortality, cardiovascular events, and fragility fractures. Systolic BP (SBP) was grouped in 10‐mmHg increments from less than 125 to 185 mmHg or more (reference 145–154 mmHg).ResultsMyocardial infarction hazards increased linearly with increasing SBP, and stroke hazards increased for SBP of 145 mmHg or greater, although lowest mortality was in individuals with SBP of 135 to 154 mmHg. Mortality of the 13.1% of patients with SBP less than 135 mmHg was higher than that of the reference group (Cox hazard ratio=1.25, 95% confidence interval=1.19–1.31; equating to one extra death per 12.6 participants). This difference in mortality was consistent over short‐ and long‐term follow‐up; adjusting for diastolic BP did not change the risk. Incident heart failure rates were higher in those with SBP less than 125 mmHg than in the reference group.ConclusionIn routine primary care, SBP less than 135 mmHg was associated with greater mortality in the oldest adults with hypertension and free of selected potentially confounding comorbidities. Although important confounders were accounted for, observational studies cannot exclude residual confounding. More work is needed to establish whether unplanned SBPs less than 135 mmHg in older adults with hypertension may be a useful clinical sign of poor prognosis, perhaps requiring clinical review of overall care.
Kallikrein‐related peptidase expression in odontogenic cysts and tumors: An immunohistochemical comparative study
Authors: Darling Mark Roger , Woodford Rebecca , Cuddy Karl Kevin , Jackson‐Boeters Linda , Hayter Alyssa , Inkaran Jeyanth , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Khan Zia 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to profile the expression of human kallikrein (KLK)‐related peptidases (KLK) in odontogenic lesions.MethodsParaffin‐embedded, formalin‐fixed, non‐odontogenic (control) and odontogenic lesions were stained for KLK using a standard immunohistochemical technique. The intensity and proportion of epithelial cells stained was scored. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction was utilized to evaluate KLK 1‐15 mRNA expression in ameloblastomas.ResultsKLK 3, 4, 9, 11, and 14 were present in all lesions. KLK 3 staining was increased in ameloblastomas and keratocystic odontogenic tumors. KLK 5 was present only in Keratocystic odontogenic tumor. KLK 6 was significantly higher in ameloblastomas than in other lesions. For KLK 7, keratocystic odontogenic tumors and nasopalatine duct cysts were significantly different. KLK 6, 8, 10, 11, and 13 were significantly higher in ameloblastomas than in other lesions. KLK 9 was increased in keratocystic odontogenic tumors and dentigerous cysts. The expression of KLK 1, 4, 7, 8, 10, and 12 mRNA was found in ameloblastomas.ConclusionThe results suggested that KLK 6, 8, 10, and 13 could be involved in the progression of ameloblastomas. KLK 10 could have a greater role in odontogenic lesions, rather than non‐odontogenic lesions. Future studies aim to define the specific roles of KLK cascades in odontogenic lesions.
Enzymatic antioxidants status in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Zhang Zichuan , Li Shan , Fang Huiqing 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundOxidative stress (OS) has been thought to play a main role in the etiopathogenesis of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), which is one of the most common oral mucosal diseases characterized by recurrent and painful oral ulcers. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the enzymatic antioxidants status in patients with RAS in the active stage and remission stage.MethodsNinety‐seven patients with idiopathic minor RAS and 102 race‐, age‐ and gender‐matched healthy individuals were recruited. All these subjects were allocated to three groups: RAS patients with active lesion (group A); the same patients in group A in the remission stage of RAS (group B); and healthy individuals without RAS (group C). Following an overnight fast, blood samples were obtained. The serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) were measured by the spectrophotometric method. Independent‐samples t‐test and paired t‐test were performed for statistical evaluation.ResultsThe serum levels of SOD, GSHPx, and CAT (83.9 ± 17.1 U/ml, 6687.2 ± 2629.2 U/ml, 1789.7 ± 593.8 U/l) were found to be significantly lower in group A as compared to those of group B (99.8 ± 11.1 U/ml, 9364.1 ± 1607.9 U/ml, 2789.1 ± 1113.4 U/l; P < 0.05) or group C (97.3 ± 12.1 U/ml, 9246.2 ± 2376.1 U/ml, 2819.0 ± 914.8 U/l; P < 0.05). No significant differences were found between group B and group C with respect to any one of these enzymatic antioxidants (P > 0.05).ConclusionsOur results indicate that enzymatic antioxidant defense system is impaired in RAS patients with active lesion and seems to play a crucial role in its pathogenesis.
Influence of Rocksil®, Silifort® and Wollastonite on Penetration and Development of Meloidogyne javanica in Poaceae and Fabaceae
Authors: Mattei Danielle , Dias‐Arieira Claudia Regina , Mendes Lopes Ana Paula , Miamoto Angelica 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSilicates have the potential to induce disease resistance in plants. Induction of nematode resistance usually results from paralysis of nurse cell development or activation of the hypersensitivity response. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of silicon (Si) treatment on the penetration and development of Meloidogyne javanica in various crops. The experiment was set up in a randomized (3 × 4) + 1 factorial design, with 3 Si sources (Silifort®, Rocksil® and wollastonite), 4 crops (maize, rice, common bean and soybean) and 1 treatment control (distilled water). The Si treatments included adding wollastonite to the soil 10 days prior to seedling transplantation, or spraying with solutions of Silifort® or Rocksil®, 2 days after seedlings transplantation. Twelve days after transplantation, the plants were inoculated with 1000 eggs and eventual second‐stage juveniles (J2) of M. javanica. At 3, 8, 13 and 18 days after inoculation (DAI), the plants were harvested and nematode penetration evaluated by optical microscopy. All Si treatments adversely affected development of M. javanica in soybean, common bean and rice and reduced nematode penetration of rice roots. Silifort® and wollastonite reduced nematode penetration in common bean and soybean roots, respectively. However, none of the Si treatments influenced the variables analysed in maize. The results of this study illustrate the potential of Si treatment to control M. javanica parasitism in plants.
A systematic model improves hepatitis C virus birth cohort screening in hospital‐based primary care
Authors: Goel A. , Sanchez J. , Paulino L. , Feuille C. , Arend J. , Shah B. , Dieterich D. , Perumalswami P. V. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryDespite national and local governing board recommendations in the United States of America to perform an HCV screening test in baby boomers, screening rates remain low. Our goal was to study the impact of an HCV screening and link‐to‐care programme with patient navigation in two New York City primary care practices. This was a 2‐year prospective study of patients born between 1945‐1965 (“baby boomers”) with encounters at two primary care practices at the Mount Sinai Hospital between November 1, 2013 and November 30, 2015. Baseline HCV screening rates were collected for four months. A multifaceted intervention was sequentially implemented involving electronic alerts, housestaff education, data feedback and patient navigation. HCV screening rates and link to care, defined as attending an appointment with a viral hepatitis specialist, were compared before and after these interventions. There were 14 642 primary care baby boomer patients of which 4419 (30.2%) were newly screened during the study. There was a significant increase in HCV screening rates from 55% to 75% (P<.01) with an HCV seropositive rate of 3.3%. Factors associated with being HCV seropositive included older age (P<.01), male sex (P<.01), African American race (P<.01) and receiving care in the housestaff practice (P<.01). With patient navigation, 78 of 84 (93%) newly diagnosed HCV‐infected persons were referred to a specialist and 60 (77%) attended their first appointment. A structured, multifaceted HCV screening programme using well‐studied principles identifies a large number of undiagnosed baby boomers within hospital‐based primary care and improves access to specialty providers in a timely manner.
Long‐term safety and efficacy of telbivudine in infants born to mothers treated during the second or third trimesters of pregnancy
Authors: Han G.‐R. , Jiang H.‐X. , Wang C.‐M. , Ding Y. , Wang G.‐J. , Yue X. , Zhou L. , Zhao W. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryTelbivudine, an FDA pregnancy category B drug, has been found to reduce hepatitis B virus (HBV) perinatal transmission with no safety concerns in infants aged up to 1 year. This study evaluated the long‐term efficacy and safety of telbivudine in 214 infants born to 210 pregnant women with chronic hepatitis B infection who were treated with telbivudine during pregnancy (weeks 20‐32 of gestation). The infants were followed for up to 5 years after birth. The efficacy endpoint was the rate of perinatal transmission, which was established by HBsAg and HBV DNA levels at 7 and 12 months. Safety endpoints included head circumference, weight, height, congenital abnormality and hospitalization rates. In addition, the Denver Developmental Screening Test was performed in 92 randomly selected infants. None of the 214 infants born to these women were infected with HBV, and all had effective serum hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) levels. Compared with Chinese standard values, there were few differences in the infants’ mean head circumference, weight, and height values. No birth defects were diagnosed, and the congenital abnormality rate was 0.934%. Serious adverse events requiring hospitalization occurred in 20 infants (9.35%). The qualified Denver Developmental Screening Test rate in 92 infants was 97.82%, which was comparable to a rate of 92% in normal Chinese children. Thus, treatment with telbivudine during the second or third trimesters of pregnancy safely blocked perinatal transmission of HBV. Infants born to telbivudine‐treated mothers showed normal growth and development during long‐term follow‐up of up to 5 years.
Workplace Accidents and Workplace Safety: On Under‐reporting and Temporary Jobs
Authors: Palali Ali , van Ours Jan C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractStatistics on workplace accidents do not always reflect workplace safety because workers under‐report for fear of job‐loss if they report having had an accident. Based on an analysis of fatal and non‐fatal workplace accidents and road accidents in 15 EU‐countries over the period 1995–2012, we conclude that there seems to be cyclical fluctuations in reporting of non‐fatal workplace accidents. Workers are less likely to report a workplace accident when unemployment is high. Furthermore, analyzing data from Italy and Spain on both workplace accidents and commuting accidents, we conclude that workers on temporary jobs are likely to under‐report accidents.
Comment on Rieux and Balloux: calibration from tip‐dating can compromise topological accuracy and evolutionary inference
Authors: Emerson Brent C. , Alvarado‐Serrano Diego F. , Hickerson Michael J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe contribute to the recent review of Rieux & Balloux, 2016, Mol. Ecol., 25, 1911 on inferences from tip‐dated phylogenies by developing their discussion on the influence of population size (Ne) under panmixia for the estimation of substitution rate (μ). We highlight how phylogenetic trees inferred with tip‐dated sequences under large panmictic Ne tend to erroneously enforce an age‐based coalescent pattern on the posterior distribution of trees, which in turn results in systematically inflated estimates of μ. We discuss the consequences of this and suggest how to accommodate the issue in the short term and long term.
Evidence of early defects in Cajal–Retzius cell localization during brain development in a mouse model of dystroglycanopathy
Authors: Booler H. S. , Pagalday‐Vergara V. , Williams J. L. , Hopkinson M. , Brown S. C. 
Published: December 2016

AimsThe secondary dystroglycanopathies represent a heterogeneous group of congenital muscular dystrophies characterized by the defective glycosylation of alpha dystroglycan. These disorders are associated with mutations in at least 17 genes, including Fukutin‐related protein (FKRP). At the severe end of the clinical spectrum there is substantial brain involvement, and cobblestone lissencephaly is highly suggestive of these disorders. The precise pathogenesis of this phenotype has, however, remained unclear with most attention focused on the disruption to the radial glial scaffold. Here, we set out to investigate whether lesions are apparent prior to the differentiation of the radial glia.MethodsA detailed investigation of the structural brain defects from embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) up until the time of birth (P0) was undertaken in the Fkrp‐deficient mice (FKRPKD). Reelin, and downstream PI3K/Akt signalling pathways were analysed using Western blot.ResultsWe show that early basement membrane defects and neuroglial ectopia precede radial glial cell differentiation. Furthermore, we identify mislocalization of Cajal–Retzius cells which nonetheless is not associated with any apparent disruption to the reelin, and downstream PI3K/Akt signalling pathways.ConclusionsThese observations identify Cajal–Retzius cell mislocalization as an early event during the development of cortical defects thereby identifying an earlier onset and more complex pathogenesis than originally reported for the secondary dystroglycanopathies. Overall this study provides new insight into central nervous system involvement in this group of diseases.
Flapless piezoelectric surgery in the management of jaw necrosis – a case series
Authors: Patel V. , Patel D. , McGurk M. , Sproat C. , Kwok J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveBisphosphonates and head and neck radiation are commonly implicated as causative factors for osteonecrosis of the jaw. Once established, no treatment method can guarantee resolution of the condition. Current management consists of a pharmacological approach for early stage necrosis but failure of this leaves only surgical intervention, which carries a risk of antagonising the condition. Piezoelectric surgery provides the opportunity to debride bone without traumatising the overlying soft tissue.MethodWe present a case series of patients (n = 12) who underwent flapless piezoelectric debridement of osteonecrosis of the jaw related to either bisphosphonates or radiation.ResultsOf the 12 patients, 67% (n = 8) of cases had successful healing. Of the remaining four cases partial healing had been noted.ConclusionPiezoelectric surgery may have a potential role in minimally invasive surgery for osteonecrosis of the jaw with further addition and refinement of the technique.