bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence Of Human Capital On The Innovativeness Of Firms
Authors: Santos-Rodrigues Helena , Dorrego Pedro Figueroa , Jardon Carlos Fernandez 
Published: March 2016

Despite the importance of innovation and innovativeness within today’s economy, we know little about how intellectual capital of firms can contribute to a superior innovation at the firm’s level. Based on resources and knowledge-based views of firms we developed a hypothesis linking three dimensions of human capital (component of the intellectual capital) and the innovativeness of firms. As a representation of the firm’s innovativeness, we consider the product, process and management innovation. Using a survey from 68 firms working on the auto components sector, established in the Northern of Spain and Northern of Portugal, we found firstly, that innovativeness has two main dimensions, perfectly differentiated, the product-process innovation and the management innovation; secondly that the human capital dimensions (formation and knowledge creation, innovative behave, and incentives to innovation) influences differently each type of innovativeness capacity. We found that the different human capital dimension influences directly, only, the product-process innovativeness. More specifically only the innovative behavior and the incentives to innovation influence the product-process innovativeness. The formation and knowledge creation dimension doesn’t influence directly either the product-process innovativeness or the management innovativeness. Moreover, none of the human capital dimensions considered influence the management innovativeness directly. These results highlight the importance of human capital on innovative performance, and it allows identification of the most important dimensions that influence directly the different innovativeness capacities and more broadly, highlight the value of intellectual capital as a competitive advantage in contemporary times.
Sustaining ECOWAS In The Dynamic Confluence Of Regional Market Constraints
Authors: Richards Darlington , Nwanna Gladson 
Published: March 2016

This paper discusses the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) as a concept founded and deeply rooted in the market and economic integration of the participating countries, as well as a model frame for the larger, if more ambitious, integration of the entire continent. It contends that if effectively implemented, sub-Saharan Africa would experience a huge transition that would tremendously transform its participation in globalization so significantly than is otherwise the case today. In this paper, we outline the contending dynamics and constraints in the sub-region. From this premise, it focuses on the market integration challenges facing ECOWAS as it identifies the institutional, structural and infrastructural constraints, with their backgrounds and origins in the colonial antecedents of the member countries. It is our contention that effective economic integration (substantially lacking at present) requires the development of core human “facilitators”, as well as institutional and infrastructural convergence and compatibility in functional market structures. While we note that the need, and indeed urgency, to fully integrate the sub-region is hampered by the lack of a realistic timetable or framework for implementation, we also note the lack of prioritization of integratable policy options. In this paper, however, we have not addressed what or which policy options should enjoy sequential priority in the realization of full economic integration, even though such criticality is noted. The failure of full economic integration more than 25 years after inception speaks to larger underlying constraint components within and without the sub-region that must be addressed. The futility of an integration initiate with such disparate and divergent in-country policy initiatives cannot be over-emphasized. As a process, regional economic integration is a value-driven process that can potentially deliver benefits to consumers and present firms with new markets, as well as challenges. Hopefully, addressing these constraints would persuade a holistic and more optimistic assessment of the sub-region (as opposed to individual country assessment) as an alternative location that is sufficiently attractive in its competitive offer and sensitivity to Foreign Direct Investment.
Technical Efficiency And Its Determinants: An Empirical Study Of Surgical Instruments Cluster Of Pakistan
Authors: Ikram Amir , Su Qin , Sadiq Muhammad Asif 
Published: March 2016

The empirical study was conducted to examine the technical efficiency of SMEs in the export-oriented surgical instruments cluster of Sialkot, Pakistan. Data was collected through survey questionnaire from 70 SMEs, listed at Census of Manufacturing Industries and Federal Bureau of Statistics. For data analysis, Cobb-Douglas production function and an inefficiency model based on stochastic frontier approach, estimated through OLS method, were employed. The study draws on its inferences from both the qualitative and quantitative data. There was widespread prevalence of technical inefficiencies and provision of indirect inputs, labor, material and energy found to be significant determinants of technical efficiency. Moreover, this export-oriented industrial cluster is shown to experience constant returns to scale. Provision of proximate specialized surgical instruments and raw-material market is recommended. We also put forward cluster-specific suggestion of pursuing of 'triple-helix+1' model, whereby local community is integrated with the traditional triple helix forces. It was further advocated that by reducing the prevailing technical inefficiency in this urbanization economy, productivity can be enhanced by as much as 5.6%. Implications for cluster-based industries are drawn from our findings to provide pragmatic recommendations to both policymakers and prospective entrepreneurs.
Agenesis of Maxillary Lateral Incisors: Treatment Involves Much More Than Just Canine Guidance
Authors: Silveira Giordani Santos , Mucha José Nelson 
Published: March 2016

Objective:In this study, we aimed highlight some clinical features present in patients whose maxillary lateral incisors are missing, and proposed more logical, rational and predictable solutions to inform decision making in rehabilitation procedures.Methods:Literature review and discussion.Conclusion:Choosing the best possible treatment for congenital absence of maxillary lateral incisors depends on the multidisciplinary diagnosis of facial, occlusal, functional and periodontal features. It also depends on the individual long-term stability, and it does not only rely on canine-guided disocclusion.
An Open Randomized Trial Comparing the Effects of Oral NSAIDs Versus Steroid Intra-Articular Infiltration in Congestive Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Dieu-Donné Ouédraogo , Théodore Ouédraogo , Joëlle Zabsonré/Tiendrébéogo , Pierre Dionou , Smaïla Ouédraogo , Christian Compaoré , Fulgence Kaboré , Joseph Drabo Youssouf 
Published: March 2016

Objective:
To compare the efficacy on pain and joint function of NSAIDs versus steroid intra-articular infiltration in congestive knee osteoarthritis.

Patients and Methods:
Open randomized study comparing a series of patients treated with NSAIDs for 21 days and another who received steroid intra-articular infiltration (SIAI) spaced at every 7 days. The visual analog scale was used for the weekly assessment of spontaneous pain and pain when walking. Lequesne functional pain scale was used to assess the functional impact of knee osteoarthritis.

Results:
Seventy patients were enrolled, including 35 in the NSAID arm and 35 in SIAI arm. Forty-nine (70%) had stage III of Kellgren and Lawrance scale. On admission, the average pain intensity was 50.46 ± 30.93 in the NSAID arm and 60.92 ± 30 in SIAI arm (p = 0.0189). At the end of follow-up, pain intensity was 6.72 ± 13 in NSAIDs patients and 17.80 ± 21 in SIAI one (p = 0.001). The average intensity of pain on walking was 64.41 ± 22.61. It was 53.33 ± 22.31 in NSAID’s against 74.85 ± 17.55 in SIAI patients (P <0.0001). At the end of the treatment, they were respectively 19.11 ± 11.37, and 35 ± 30.69 (P = 0.0085).

Conclusion:
Corticosteroid injections have a short efficacy compared to NSAIDs. Prescribing NSAIDs should consider the cons-indications, comorbidities and their deleterious digestive, renal, and cardiovascular effect.
Perspectives for Practice: A New JOSPT Feature to Facilitate Translation of Research Into Practice
Authors: Abbott J. Haxby 
Published: March 2016

In this month's issue, we introduce a new feature, Perspectives for Practice, which aims to interpret new research in the context of established best practice. This 2-page feature is designed to offer clinicians insight into the state of the art: what was known before, what research was done before, what new evidence the present study found, and how we should interpret this new evidence in light of what was known before. The second page of the Perspectives for Practice will provide additional material useful for teaching and discussion. The structure and content of these features will undergo continued development in response to reader feedback, which we welcome. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(3):128–129. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0104
Reporting Guidelines and Checklists Improve the Reliability and Rigor of Research Reports
Authors: Abbott J. Haxby 
Published: March 2016

The Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy (JOSPT) requires the use of robust research reporting guidelines for all research report submissions, including the newly adopted RECORD (REporting of studies Conducted using Observational Routinely-collected health Data) statement. We remind authors submitting research to JOSPT to identify the appropriate guideline and checklist for their study design, and to submit a completely and accurately completed checklist with their manuscript. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(3):130. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.0105
Factors triggering an additional resection and determining residual tumor volume on intraoperative MRI: analysis from a prospective single-center registry of supratentorial gliomas
Authors: Scherer Moritz , Jungk Christine , Younsi Alexander , Kickingereder Philipp , Müller Simon , Unterberg Andreas 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
In this analysis, the authors sought to identify variables triggering an additional resection (AR) and determining residual intraoperative tumor volume in 1.5-T intraoperative MRI (iMRI)-guided glioma resections.

METHODS
A consecutive case series of 224 supratentorial glioma resections (WHO Grades I–IV) from a prospective iMRI registry (inclusion dates January 2011–April 2013) was examined with univariate and multiple regression models including volumetric data, tumor-related, and surgeon-related factors. The surgeon's expectation of an AR, in response to a questionnaire completed prior to iMRI, was evaluated using contingency analysis. A machine-learning prediction model was applied to consider if anticipation of intraoperative findings permits preoperative identification of ideal iMRI cases.

RESULTS
An AR was performed in 70% of cases after iMRI, but did not translate into an accumulated risk for neurological morbidity after surgery (p = 0.77 for deficits in cases with AR vs no AR). New severe persistent deficits occurred in 6.7% of patients. Initial tumor volume determined frequency of ARs and was independently correlated with larger tumor remnants delineated on iMRI (p < 0.0001). Larger iMRI volume was further associated with eloquent location (p = 0.010) and recurrent tumors (p < 0.0001), and with WHO grade (p = 0.0113). Greater surgical experience had no significant influence on the course of surgery. The surgeon's capability of ruling out an AR prior to iMRI turned out to incorporate guesswork (negative predictive value 43.6%). In a prediction model, AR could only be anticipated with 65% accuracy after integration of confounding variables.

CONCLUSIONS
Routine use of iMRI in glioma surgery is a safe and reliable method for resection guidance and is characterized by frequent ARs after scanning. Tumor-related factors were identified that influenced the course of surgery and intraoperative decision-making, and iMRI had a common value for surgeons of all experience levels. Commonly, the subjective intraoperative impression of the extent of resection had to be revised after iMRI review, which underscores the manifold potential of iMRI guidance. In combination with the failure to identify ideal iMRI cases preoperatively, this study supports a generous, tumor-oriented rather than surgeon-oriented indication for iMRI in glioma surgery.
Influence of indocyanine green angiography on microsurgical treatment of spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Takai Keisuke , Kurita Hiroki , Hara Takayuki , Kawai Kensuke , Taniguchi Makoto 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
The microvascular anatomy of spinal perimedullary arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) is more complicated than that of dural AVFs, and occlusion rates of AVF after open microsurgery or endovascular embolization are lower in patients with perimedullary AVFs (29%–70%) than they are in those with dural AVF (97%–98%). Reports of intraoperative blood flow assessment using indocyanine green (ICG) video angiography in spinal arteriovenous lesions have mostly been for spinal dural AVFs. No detailed reports on spinal perimedullary AVFs are available.

METHODS
Participants were 11 patients with spinal perimedullary AVFs (Type IVa in 5 patients, Type VIb in 4, and Type IVc in 2). Intraoperative ICG video angiography was assessed by measuring the number of cases in which this modality was judged essential by the surgeon to correctly occlude the fistula.

RESULTS
In all patients, arterial feeders were identified and intravenous ICG video angiography was performed before and after blocking the feeders. In one patient, selective intraarterial ICG video angiography was also performed. The findings provided by ICG video angiography significantly changed the surgical procedure in 4 of 11 patients (36%). Postoperatively, complete occlusion of the AVF was achieved in 10 of the 11 patients (91%).

CONCLUSIONS
Intraoperative ICG video angiography can have a significant impact on deciding surgical strategy in the microsurgical treatment of spinal perimedullary AVF.
Prediction of Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation Response. Moving from Art to Science?
Authors: Fletcher S. , Esquinas A. , Glover G. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryPredicting the outcome from NIV is important and the study by Martin-Gonzalez and colleagues applies data mining techniques to improve our understanding of the field. Nevertheless, the predictor variables must be robust and reliably available before NIV is applied. A predictive model must be generalisable in other clinical settings. Until models such as this are extremely robust in their predictive ability and have been shown to positively influence patient centered outcomes, they may be able to assist decision making but cannot replace clinical judgement by an experienced bedside clinician.
Un examen critique des liens entre le Traité des probabilités et la Théorie générale de Keynes
Authors: Piluso Nicolas 
Published: March 2016

À partir des années 1980, certains économistes voient dans le Traité des probabilités de Keynes un élément incontournable de son approche « fondamentaliste » fondée sur l’incertitude. D’après ces derniers, il existe des liens de complémentarité forts entre le Traité des probabilités et la Théorie générale . Pourtant, un tel projet de développement du Traité des probabilités n’a pas abouti, bien qu’on en retrouve des éléments dans le chapitre 12 de la Théorie générale . Nous tentons donc de comprendre d’une part ce qui a motivé la naissance d’un tel point de vue et, d’autre part, pourquoi ce projet n’a pas été développé comme l’avaient annoncé certains économistes français. Nous montrons que l’objet d’analyse du Traité porte sur un type d’incertitude différent de celui de la Théorie générale .
La justice pénale internationale, l’Afrique et le refoulé colonial
Authors: Martineau Anne-Charlotte 
Published: March 2016

Cet article prend comme point de départ les accusations de « néo-colonialisme » lancées ces dernières années à l’encontre de la Cour pénale internationale, au motif que le Procureur s’est intéressé quasi exclusivement à des affaires concernant le continent africain. Un examen des arguments avancés par les uns et les autres montre qu’il est indispensable de revenir sur l’histoire du colonialisme, afin d’éviter tout refoulement de la question coloniale. Cet article plaide donc pour une meilleure compréhension de l’entreprise coloniale elle-même, avant de statuer sur les velléités impérialistes du droit international et des institutions contemporaines. Notre analyse – à la fois postcoloniale et historique – suggère que la justice pénale internationale en tant qu’entreprise normative et institutionnelle n’est pas une simple reproduction du « temps des colonies » ; elle est faite de croisements entre des pratiques issues de la colonisation et des enjeux contemporains.
Functional Status and Disability in Patients After Acute Stroke: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: López-Espuela Fidel , Pedrera-Zamorano Juan Diego , Jiménez-Caballero Pedro Enrique , Ramírez-Moreno José María , Portilla-Cuenca Juan Carlos , Lavado-García Jesús María , Casado-Naranjo Ignacio 
Published: March 2016

Background
Stroke is a major public health problem.

Objective
To use the Barthel Index to evaluate basic activities of daily living in stroke survivors and detect any predictors of functional outcome at 6 months after stroke.

Methods
In an observational longitudinal study, data were gathered on consecutive patients admitted to the comprehensive stroke unit at Hospital San Pedro de Alcantara, Cáceres, Spain. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained prospectively at hospital admission and during follow-up 6 months later. Information on type of stroke, score on the Barthel Index, findings from the neurological evaluation, and other relevant data were collected.

Results
Of 236 patients admitted, 175 participated in the study. Mean age was 69.60 (SD, 12.52) years, 64.6% were men, and mortality was 12.8%. Six months after experiencing a stroke, 84.8% of patients had returned to their own homes, 8.0% were institutionalized, and the others were residing at a family member’s home. Scores on the Barthel Index 6 months after stroke correlated with baseline scores on the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (r = −0.424; P &lt; .001) and with depressive mood 6 months after stroke (r = −0.318; P &lt; .001). Age was negatively associated with Barthel Index scores at the time of hospital discharge and 6 months after stroke.

Conclusions
Functional status 6 months after stroke was influenced by age, sex, stroke severity, type of stroke, baseline status, mood, and social risk. Comorbid conditions, socioeconomic level, and area of residence did not affect patients’ functional status.
Alternatively Activated Macrophages Boost Induced Regulatory T and Th17 Cell Responses during Immunotherapy for Colitis
Authors: Haribhai Dipica , Ziegelbauer Jennifer , Jia Shuang , Upchurch Kyle , Yan Ke , Schmitt Erica G. , Salzman Nita H. , Simpson Pippa , Hessner Martin J. , Chatila Talal A. , Williams Calvin B. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Induced regulatory T (iTreg) and Th17 cells promote mucosal homeostasis. We used a T cell transfer model of colitis to compare the capacity of iTreg and Th17 cells to develop in situ following the transfer of naive CD4+CD45RBhi T cells into Rag1−/− C57BL/6 or BALB/c mice, the prototypical Th1/M1- and Th2/M2-prone strains. We found that the frequency and number of Foxp3+ iTreg cells and Th17 cells were significantly reduced in C57BL/6 mice compared with the BALB/c strain. C57BL/6 mice with colitis were also resistant to natural Treg cell immunotherapy. Pretreatment of C57BL/6 Rag1−/− mice with IL-4 plus IL-13, or with M2a but not M1 macrophages, dramatically increased the generation of iTreg and Th17 cells. Importantly, M2a transfers, either as a pretreatment or in mice with established colitis, allowed successful immunotherapy with natural Treg cells. M2a macrophages also reduced the generation of pathogenic iTreg cells that lost Foxp3 expression, suggesting that they stabilize the expression of Foxp3. Thus, polarized M2a macrophages drive a directionally concordant expansion of the iTreg–Th17 cell axis and can be exploited as a therapeutic adjuvant in cell-transfer immunotherapy to re-establish mucosal tolerance.
POU2AF1 Functions in the Human Airway Epithelium To Regulate Expression of Host Defense Genes
Authors: Zhou Haixia , Brekman Angelika , Zuo Wu-Lin , Ou Xuemei , Shaykhiev Renat , Agosto-Perez Francisco J. , Wang Rui , Walters Matthew S. , Salit Jacqueline , Strulovici-Barel Yael , Staudt Michelle R. , Kaner Robert J. , Mezey Jason G. , Crystal Ronald G. , Wang Guoqing 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In the process of seeking novel lung host defense regulators by analyzing genome-wide RNA sequence data from normal human airway epithelium, we detected expression of POU domain class 2–associating factor 1 (POU2AF1), a known transcription cofactor previously thought to be expressed only in lymphocytes. Lymphocyte contamination of human airway epithelial samples obtained by bronchoscopy and brushing was excluded by immunohistochemistry staining, the observation of upregulation of POU2AF1 in purified airway basal stem/progenitor cells undergoing differentiation, and analysis of differentiating single basal cell clones. Lentivirus-mediated upregulation of POU2AF1 in airway basal cells induced upregulation of host defense genes, including MX1, IFIT3, IFITM, and known POU2AF1 downstream genes HLA-DRA, ID2, ID3, IL6, and BCL6. Interestingly, expression of these genes paralleled changes of POU2AF1 expression during airway epithelium differentiation in vitro, suggesting POU2AF1 helps to maintain a host defense tone even in pathogen-free condition. Cigarette smoke, a known risk factor for airway infection, suppressed POU2AF1 expression both in vivo in humans and in vitro in human airway epithelial cultures, accompanied by deregulation of POU2AF1 downstream genes. Finally, enhancing POU2AF1 expression in human airway epithelium attenuated the suppression of host defense genes by smoking. Together, these findings suggest a novel function of POU2AF1 as a potential regulator of host defense genes in the human airway epithelium.
Antagonism of the STING Pathway via Activation of the AIM2 Inflammasome by Intracellular DNA
Authors: Corrales Leticia , Woo Seng-Ryong , Williams Jason B. , McWhirter Sarah M. , Dubensky Thomas W. , Gajewski Thomas F. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Recent evidence has indicated that innate immune sensing of cytosolic DNA in dendritic cells via the host STING pathway is a major mechanism leading to spontaneous T cell responses against tumors. However, the impact of the other major pathway triggered by intracellular DNA, the absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome, on the functional output from the stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway is poorly understood. We found that dendritic cells and macrophages deficient in AIM2, apoptosis-associated specklike protein, or caspase-1 produced markedly higher IFN-β in response to DNA. Biochemical analyses showed enhanced generation of cyclic GMP-AMP, STING aggregation, and TANK-binding kinase 1 and IFN regulatory factor 3 phosphorylation in inflammasome-deficient cells. Induction of pyroptosis by the AIM2 inflammasome was a major component of this effect, and inhibition of caspase-1 reduced cell death, augmenting phosphorylation of TANK-binding kinase 1/IFN regulatory factor 3 and production of IFN-β. Our data suggest that in vitro activation of the AIM2 inflammasome in murine macrophages and dendritic cells leads to reduced activation of the STING pathway, in part through promoting caspase-1–dependent cell death.