bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Child and adolescent mental health nurses’ perceptions of their professional identity: an exploratory study
Authors: Rasmussen Philippa , Conroy Tiffany , Grønkjær Mette 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Nurses with specialised knowledge, experience and education are needed to provide specific care in nursing subspecialties such as child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) nursing. However, some of these attributes are implicit and not clear to the wider nursing community. The purpose of this paper is to explore the applicability of a conceptual framework for CAMH inpatient nursing practice to other areas of CAMH nursing practice. This paper presents an exploratory study regarding the applicability of the framework to two small cohorts of CAMH nurses. This study was conducted in Tasmania, Australia and Northern Denmark. These settings were chosen due to the self-perceived knowledge gap surrounding the role and professional identity of these Australian and Danish CAMH nurses.

Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory qualitative study within the social constructivist paradigm was undertaken. The method of data collection was two focus groups of CAMH nurses in Tasmania, Australia and Northern Denmark. The data were analysed using an adaptation of a six-phase thematic analysis process.

Findings
The analysis of the data resulted in three themes: individual preparation and experience of CAMH nurses, knowledge transfer and nurses’ perceptions of their individual and team roles. The findings have contributed new knowledge of CAMH nursing.

Originality/value
The findings of this study may support the applicability of the conceptual framework with participants’ endorsing that it reflects their role.
Between change and reproduction
Authors: Ernst Jette 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of organizational space in attempts at practice redesign and innovation that involve a break with the traditional professional boundaries in a recently established Danish hospital department.

Design/methodology/approach
Organizational ethnography combined with Bourdieusian theorization. The data used for this paper are derived from 13 months of ethnographic fieldwork. The author performed participant and meeting observations combined with interviews and the reading of internal and external documents.

Findings
Despite the department’s attempts at pursuing practice redesign and innovation by breaking with the institutionalized professional boundaries as well as role hierarchies, and emphasizing collaboration between nurses and doctors, the paper demonstrates how the attempts at change meet invisible impediments in practice and how organizational space plays an important yet, overlooked part in reproducing field tradition.

Originality/value
By virtue of Bourdieusian theorization in combination with organizational ethnography, the paper contributes with unique insights into a seldom studied part of hospital organization, which is how organizational space, rather than being a backdrop for organizational life, is constructed and used by professionals whose habitus renders this space an active component in delimiting professional work as well as the scope of change.
The asymmetric impact of rational and irrational components of fear index on S&P 500 index returns
Authors: Soydemir Gökçe , Verma Rahul , Wagner Andrew 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Investors’ fear can be rational, emanating from the natural dynamics of economic fundamentals, or it can be quasi rational and not attributable to any known risk factors. Using VIX from Chicago Board Options Exchange as a proxy for investors’ fear, the purpose of this paper is to consider the following research questions: to what extent does noise play a role in the formation of investors’ fear? To what extent is the impact of fear on S&P 500 index returns driven by rational reactions to new information vs fear induced by noise in stock market returns? To what extent do S&P 500 index returns display asymmetric behavior in response to investor’s rational and quasi rational fear?

Design/methodology/approach
In a two-step process, the authors first decompose investors’ fear into its rational and irrational components by generating two additional variables representing fear induced by rational expectations and fear due to noise. The authors then estimate a three-vector autoregression (VAR) model to examine their relative impact on S&P 500 returns.

Findings
Impulse responses generated from a 13-variable VAR model show that investors’ fear is driven by risk factors to some extent, and this extent is well captured by the Fama and French three-factor and the Carhart four-factor models. Specifically, investors’ fear is negatively related to the market risk premium, negatively related to the premium between value and growth stocks, and positively related to momentum. The magnitude and duration of the impact of the market risk premium is almost twice that of the impact of the premium on value stocks and the momentum of investors’ fear. However, almost 90 percent of the movement in investors’ fear is not attributable to the 12 risk factors chosen in this study and thus may be largely irrational in nature. The impulse responses suggest that both rational and irrational fear have significant negative effects on market returns. Moreover, the effects are asymmetric on S&P 500 index returns wherein irrational upturns in fear have a greater impact than downturns. In addition, the component of investors’ fear driven by irrationality or noise has more than twice the impact on market returns in terms of magnitude and duration than the impact of the rational component of investors’ fear.

Originality/value
The results are consistent with the view that one of the most important drivers of stock market returns is irrational fear that is not rooted in economic fundamentals.
Evaluating measures of individual investors’ expectations of risk and return
Authors: Hellström Jörgen , Olsson Rickard , Stålnacke Oscar 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to measure individual investors’ expectations of risk and return and to evaluate different expectation measures.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors measure individual investors’ expectations of risk and return regarding an index fund and two stocks using survey data on a random sample of individual investors in Sweden. The survey contains three different return and four different risk expectation measures. To evaluate the different expectation measures, three different evaluation perspectives are considered.

Findings
The risk expectations obtained from the different measures are positively correlated across respondents, but their average magnitudes differ considerably across measures. The return expectations are also positively correlated, and their magnitudes also differ, but to a lesser extent. Consequently, the same individual can express risk expectations that either underestimate or overestimate the forward risk, depending on the measure that is used. The variations in the expectations mainly relate to differences in the responses to the questions underlying the different measures, rather than to the methods used to obtain the expectations. The results from the evaluation of the measures indicate that the expectation measure proposed by Dominitz and Manski (2011) is the only measure for which it is possible to distinguish between individuals’ expectations, using all three of the evaluation perspectives.

Originality/value
This is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the first paper that evaluates different survey measures of individual investors’ expectations of risk and return.
Homophobia, Brexit and constitutional change
Authors: Channing Iain , Ward Jonathan 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
This paper addresses some of the future challenges that the vote to leave the European Union (EU) may have on the UK’s constitutional framework. The potential abolition of the Human Rights Act 1998 and its replacement with a Bill of Rights is examined in relation to the interpretation of freedom of expression. More specifically, this is analysed in relation to the often conflicting freedoms to express homophobic views and to freely express one’s sexual identity. With EU law protecting many of the recently won rights favouring lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) equality, the purpose of this paper is to underline the potential dangers should this layer of international scrutiny be lost and highlight where more improvements for equality are still needed.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper offers a critical reflection on the recent political and judicial rhetoric which has accompanied the issues of LGBT social and legal equality. Recent judgements from domestic and European courts are analysed to identify how any potential re-interpretation of freedom of expression may affect the LGBT community.

Findings
While the UK has made welcome strides in improving the legal equality of the LGBT community, it is argued that the potential loss of judicial scrutiny from the European Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Justice may have negative consequences. An examination of recent judicial and political discourse demonstrates that homophobic expression – or at least tacit acceptance of it – still permeates throughout these institutional spheres.

Originality/value
The paper highlights how the subtleties of constitutional changes following Brexit may threaten the current progression of LGBT rights in the UK and proposes that a commitment to freedom of expression must give greater recognition to the right to express sexual identity.
Managing risk and patient involvement in choosing treatment for cancer: an analysis of two communication practices
Authors: Alby Francesca , Fatigante Marilena , Zucchermaglio Cristina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDrawing on conversation analyses of oncology consultations collected in Italy, the article examines the communication practices used to recommend treatments. We found that the oncologist formulates the treatment recommendation (TR) for high‐risk patients in terms of a ‘mandatory’ choice and for low‐risk patients as an ‘optional’ type of decision. In the first case the doctor presses to reach a decision during the visit while in the second case leaves the decision open‐ended. Results show that high‐risk patients have less time to decide, are pressured towards choosing an option, but have more opportunities for involvement inTRduring the visit. Low‐risk patients instead have more time and autonomy to make a choice, but they are also less involved in the decision‐making in the visit time. Moreover, we document thatTRis organised through sequential activities in which the oncologist informs the patient of alternative therapeutic options while at the same time building a case for the kind of treatment she/he believes to be best for the patient's health. We suggest that in this field risk plays a key role in decision‐making which should be better understood with further studies and taken into account in the debate on shared decision‐making and patient‐centred communication.
Gentrifying China's Urbanization? Why Culture and Capital Aren't Enough
Authors: Tomba Luigi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChina's urban areas are expanding and changing, with significant physical and social consequences. The analysis of such consequences often constructs the violence and demolition that precedes the redevelopment of villages and neighbourhoods as the direct result of the authoritarian nature of the Chinese state. Such violence is visible in countless cases where the state prevails over the rights of homeowners, farmers or simple citizens in the process of building, rebuilding or pacifying the cities. Much of this violence, together with the agency it generates among local communities, advances processes that elsewhere have been classified as ‘gentrification’, resulting in the replacement of one class with another and an increase in the market value of (state‐owned) land. This essay argues that this process is not epiphenomenal to urbanization; rather, the upgrading (of people and buildings) is central to both local and national state projects to develop cities, the goal of which is to increase control over the territory while increasing the market and symbolic value of urban areas.
Contextual Urban Theory and the ‘Appeal’ of Gentrification: Lost in Transposition?
Authors: Cartier Carolyn 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe significance of practising theory in context reflects current debates in urban studies as well as the history of poststructural thought whose scholarship, informed by postcolonial critique and understandings of ethics and responsibility in international research collaboration, continues to give evident substance to the nature of epistemological violence. This essay takes up the challenge of contextual theory and empirical research through a critical comparative approach that ultimately finds how the expansive gentrification balloon pops as a consequence of assumptions and misassumptions that leave consequential data hiding in plain sight. The contributions of this essay include treatment of the transposition of ideas as a theoretical, methodological and ethical problem, and an original comparative summary of the frequency of ‘gentrification’ in the news media of ten major cities in addition to the print and online media of Hong Kong. The analysis demonstrates not only how context matters in research design, but also how distinction in the articulation of theoretical argument will be upheld or deflated by knowledge of, and acquired in, context. The essay summarizes the arguments for the larger Interventions forum, and concludes that a critical‐theoretical comparative international urban studies generates and builds through refinement of theory in iterative dialogue with historical processes.
Mortality and causes of death among women with a history of placental abruption
Authors: Riihimäki Outi , Paavonen Jorma , Luukkaala Tiina , Gissler Mika , Metsäranta Marjo , Andersson Sture , Nuutila Mika , Pukkala Eero , Melin Johanna , Tikkanen Minna 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionWomen with a history of placental abruption have an increased later morbidity, but not much is known of the later mortality.Material and methodsData on women with placental abruption (index cohort) between 1969 and 2005 (n = 7805) were collected from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Register and the Finnish Medical Birth Register. A matched reference cohort consisted of women without placental abruption (n = 23 523). The causes of death were retrieved from the Cause‐of‐Death Register. Cause‐specific mortality was compared by hazard ratios (HR). Standardized mortality ratios were calculated to compare both cohorts with the general female population. The main outcome measure was subsequent mortality.ResultsBy the end of 2013 there were 395 deaths in the index cohort and 863 deaths in the reference cohort. The overall mortality was increased in the index cohort compared with the reference cohort [HR 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24–1.57]. The index cohort had an increased risk of death from respiratory tract malignancies (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.05–2.82), alcohol‐related causes (HR 1.84, 95% CI 1.25–2.72), and external causes (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.19–2.22), especially suicide (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.07–2.74). The mortality from cardiovascular diseases did not differ. The standardized mortality ratio was increased in the index cohort compared with the general Finnish female population (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.02–1.24), especially for respiratory tract malignancies (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.16–2.64). The index cohort women tended to die younger than referent women (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOverall mortality among women with a history of placental abruption is increased. These women tend to die younger than referent women do.
Dry eye disease and oxidative stress
Authors: Seen Sophia , Tong Louis 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDry eye, an age‐related condition, is a multifactorial disease of the tears and ocular surface that results in symptoms of discomfort, visual disturbance and tear film instability. Environmental factors are also often implicated in dry eye including exposure to pollutants, ultraviolet (UV) radiation and ozone as well as the chronic use of preserved eyedrops such as in the treatment of glaucoma. These factors increase oxidative stress and ocular surface inflammation. Here, we reviewed the cellular, animal and clinical studies that point to the role of oxidative stress in dry eye disease. The biomarkers used to indicate oxidative damage in ocular surface tissues include 8‐hydroxy‐2 deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), 4‐hydroxynonenal (HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDD). Antioxidative defences in the ocular surface occur in the form of tear proteins such as lactoferrin and S100A proteins, and enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase, catalase and mitochondrial oxidative enzymes. An imbalance between the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the action of protective enzymes will lead to oxidative damage, and possibly inflammation. A small number of interventional studies suggest that oxidative stress may be directly targeted in topical therapy of dry eye treatment. For example, in vitro studies suggest that L‐carnitine and pterostilbene, a blueberry component may reduce oxidative stress, and in animal studies, alpha‐lipoic acid (ALP) and selenoprotein P may be helpful. Examples of treatments used in clinical trials include vitamin B12 eyedrops and iodide iontophoresis. With recent emphasis on ageing medicine and preventive holistic health, as well as the role of environmental science, research on oxidative stress in the ocular surface is likely to have increasing impact in the coming years.
Long‐term results of deep sclerectomy in normal‐tension glaucoma
Authors: Harju Mika , Suominen Sakari , Allinen Pasi , Vesti Eija 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeTo study the long‐term outcome of deep sclerectomy with and without mitomycin‐C (MMC) in patients with normal‐tension glaucoma (NTG).MethodsWe prospectively analysed consecutive patients randomized to surgery performed either with (MMC group) or without (non‐MMC) MMC. Surgery was considered totally successful if, after surgery, the preoperative intra‐ocular pressure (IOP) level was reduced by 25% without medication, and a qualified success if medication was required to achieve the same limits.ResultsA total of 37 patients were enrolled, 15 in the MMC and 22 in the non‐MMC group. The median (range) follow‐up was 7.9 (1.0–9.0) years, with a drop‐out of three (8%) patients. The preoperative IOP was 15 (11–21) mmHg in the MMC and 15 (10–19) mmHg in the non‐MMC group. At the last 6‐ to 9‐year follow‐up, IOP was significantly reduced to 9 (2–13) mmHg (p = 0.002) and 10 (5–13) mmHg (p < 0.001). The overall (groups combined) complete and qualified success rates were 50% and 71%, with no significant difference between groups (p = 0.48 and p = 0.25). Goniopuncture was performed in 87% and 100% of eyes in the MMC and non‐MMC groups (p = 0.14). Needling with MMC injection was performed 0 (0–1) times in the MMC group and 0.5 (0–4) times in the non‐MMC group (p = 0.056). We encountered no cases of hyphema, shallow anterior chamber, hypotony maculopathy, choroidal effusion, late bleb leakage, blebitis, endophthalmitis or malignant glaucoma.ConclusionIn NTG, long‐term significant IOP reduction can be achieved with deep sclerectomy with a low incidence of sight‐threatening complications.
TRPM5 in the battle against diabetes and obesity
Authors: Vennekens R. , Mesuere M. , Philippaert K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTRPM5 is a non‐selective monovalent cation channel activated by increases in intracellular Ca2+. It has a distinct expression pattern: expression is detected in chemosensitive tissues from solitary chemosensory cells to the taste receptor cells and in pancreatic β‐cells. The role of TRPM5 has been investigated with the use of knockout mouse models. Trpm5−/− mice have a lack of type II taste perception and show reduced glucose‐induced insulin secretion. Expression levels of TRPM5 are reduced in obese, leptin‐signalling‐deficient mice, and mutations in TRPM5 have been associated with type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome. In this review, we aim to give an overview of the activation, selectivity, modulation and physiological roles of TRPM5.
Does robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy benefit patients with prostate cancer and bone oligometastases?
Authors: Jang Won Sik , Kim Myung Soo , Jeong Won Sik , Chang Ki Don , Cho Kang Su , Ham Won Sik , Rha Koon Ho , Hong Sung Joon , Choi Young Deuk 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the peri‐operative and oncological outcomes of robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) in patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer (PCa).Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the records of 79 patients with oligometastatic PCa treated with RARP or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) between 2005 and 2015 at our institution. Of these 79 patients, 38 were treated with RARP and 41 were treated with ADT without local therapy. Oligometastatic disease was defined as the presence of five or fewer hot spots detected by preoperative bone scan. We evaluated peri‐operative outcomes, progression‐free survival (PFS), and cancer‐specific survival (CSS). We analysed data using Kaplan–Meier methods, with log‐rank tests and multivariate Cox regression models.ResultsPatients treated with RARP experienced similar postoperative complications to those previously reported in RP‐treated patients, and fewer urinary complications than ADT‐treated patients. PFS and CSS were longer in RARP‐treated compared with ADT‐treated patients (median PFS: 75 vs 28 months, P = 0.008; median CSS: not reached vs 40 months, P = 0.002). Multivariate analysis further identified RARP as a significant predictor of PFS and CSS (PFS: hazard ratio [HR] 0.388, P = 0.003; CSS: HR 0.264, P = 0.004).ConclusionsWe showed that RARP in the setting of oligometastatic PCa is a safe and feasible procedure which improves oncological outcomes in terms of PFS and CSS. In addition, our data suggest that RARP effectively prevents urinary tract complications from PCa. The study highlights results from expert surgeons and highly selected patients that cannot be extrapolated to all patients with oligometastatic PCa; to confirm our findings, large, prospective, multicentre studies are required.
Synthesis, enzyme inhibitory kinetics, and computational studies of novel 1‐(2‐(4‐isobutylphenyl) propanoyl)‐3‐arylthioureas as Jack bean urease inhibitors
Authors: Abdul Fattah Tanzeela , Saeed Aamer , Channar Pervaiz Ali , Ashraf Zaman , Abbas Qamar , Hassan Mubashir , Larik Fayaz Ali 
Published: August 2017

In this article, synthesis of a novel 1‐(2‐(4‐isobutylphenyl)propanoyl)‐3‐arylthioureas (4a–j) as jack bean urease inhibitors has been described. Freshly prepared 2‐(4‐isobutylphenyl) propanoyl isothiocyanate was treated with substituted aromatic anilines in one pot using anhydrous acetone. The compounds 4e, 4h, and 4j showed IC50 values 0.0086 nm, 0.0081 nm, and 0.0094 nm, respectively. The enzyme inhibitory kinetics results showed that compound 4h inhibit the enzyme competitively while derivatives 4e and 4j are the mixed type inhibitors. The compound 4h reversibly binds the urease enzyme showing Ki value 0.0012 nm. The Ki values for 4e and 4j are 0.0025 nm and 0.003 nm, respectively. The antioxidant activity results reflected that compounds 4b, 4i, and 4j showed excellent radical scavenging activity. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of the target compounds was evaluated using brine shrimp assay and it was found that all of the synthesized compounds exhibited no cytotoxic effects to brine shrimps. The computational molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation of title compounds were also performed, and results showed that the wet laboratory findings are in good agreement to the dry laboratory results. Based upon our results, it is proposed that compound 4h may act as a lead candidate to design the clinically useful urease inhibitors.