bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness Overview of Agricultural Conservation Practices for Water Quality Improvement Part II
Authors: Book Ruth S. , Frankenberger Jane , Christianson Laura E. , Prasad Laxmi R. , Yuan Yongping 
Published: September 2024

Highlights

This article summarizes ten agricultural conservation practices reviewed in both editions of the collection.

Mean sediment load was reduced 73%-80% by residue and tillage management, filter strips, and cover crops.

Mean nitrate-N load reduction ranged from 34%-46% for filter strips and water management practices.

Phosphorus loads and concentrations were reduced by most practices, but dissolved P increased with two practices.

Cost effectiveness varied widely, and these results may help in efforts to prioritize conservation implementation.

Abstract. Although significant governmental investment has been provided to implement agricultural conservation practices (ACPs) for water quality improvement, eutrophication and hypoxia persist in coastal and fresh waters. A better understanding of the comparative effectiveness of ACPs is needed to improve environmental outcomes with the funding available. The objectives of this overview article are to (1) compare the performance and cost effectiveness among all the ACPs reviewed in both the first and second editions of the Special Collection and (2) present critical perspectives for researchers, policymakers, and funding entities seeking to improve water quality.
The ten ACPs reviewed encompassed a range of goals, strategies, and landscape placement and varied widely in performance for their reduction of sediment, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) and their cost-effectiveness. Three ACPs included performance measures for all three constituents: sediment, N, and P, whereas others focused only on N (nine ACPs) and/or P (six ACPs). The four ACPs that are considered “water management” practices: drainage water management, denitrifying bioreactor, saturated buffer, and constructed wetland were all effective in mitigating the effects of nutrients in subsurface drainage water and showed average nitrate-N load reductions of 40%-46%. In contrast, few practices were found effective in reducing dissolved P (DP) loss from agricultural fields. Four ACPs (residue and tillage management, conservation crop rotation, drainage water management, and nutrient management) demonstrated possible net economic benefits, while perspectives were provided for prioritizing financial assistance for other ACPs. Monitoring recommendations developed during the literature reviews highlighted the need for more long-term field-scale monitoring to better reflect multi-year climatic variability. Keywords: Constructed wetland, Cost effectiveness, Cover crop, Crop rotation, Denitrifying bioreactor, Drainage water management, Filter strip, Monitoring, Nitrogen, Nutrient management, Performance effectiveness, Phosphorus, Residue and tillage management, Saturat
Characteristics study of a dual-wavelength polarization filter based on gold-filled square lattice photonic crystal fiber
Authors: Ying Yu , Ge Huan , Si Guangyuan , Gao Zhijun 
Published: September 2024

This study proposes a polarization filter based on gold-filled photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a square lattice structure. Utilizing the finite element method (FEM), the filtering characteristics of the model were numerically simulated. The dispersion relation and loss characteristics of this structure were analyzed, and the optimal structural parameters were obtained through structural adjustments. Furthermore, the performance of the filter was evaluated under a 2% variation in manufacturing tolerances for gold film thickness (), air hole spacing (), and air hole diameters () and (). Results indicated that at the 1310 nm and 1550 nm communication windows, the confinement losses of the filter were 1354.6 dB/cm and 869.04 dB/cm, respectively, while the losses for the -polarization were merely 16.97 dB/cm and 0.98 dB/cm. When the filter length was set to 0.5 mm, the maximum extinction ratios (ERs) for the two windows reached 588.2 dB and 370.6 dB, and the filter bandwidth extended to 640 nm. Moreover, the characteristics of the filter under manufacturing tolerances were computed, revealing that the filter’s performance remained stable and feasible despite manufacturing errors. The proposed rectangular gold-coated PCF is anticipated to have broad applications in optical fiber communication and optical information processing.
Large depth-of-focus achievement based on an aspheric lens with a ring
Authors: Tang Ruomei 
Published: September 2024

Terahertz (THz) imaging technology has been widely studied because of its easy penetration of non-polar materials and low photon energy. To acquire a beam featuring both excellent transverse spatial resolution and a considerable depth-of-focus (DOF) to fulfill the demands of two-dimensional and three-dimensional THz imaging, this paper presents an aspheric lens with ring (ALR). The ALR has a controlled diameter of 50 mm, can be machined by 3D-printed technology, and does not need to use complex imaging optical paths to achieve the large DOF function. In a transmitted point-scan imaging system with a 140 GHz light source, the lens can achieve both a resolution of 6 mm and an effective DOF of 66.4 mm for objects greater than 27 mm from the lens surface.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of near-bottom dissolved oxygen in the central basin of Lake Erie
Authors: Ackerman J.D. , Smith G.J. , Boegman L. , Rao Y.R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Eutrophication continues in Lake Erie and low oxygen concentration remains a concern in the central basin of the lake. Summertime dissolved oxygen concentrations can be hypoxic (low dissolved oxygen) and anoxic (dissolved oxygen &lt;1 mg l-1) in the hypolimnion. We examined the spatial and temporal patterns of hypoxia in the central basin along a ∼ 26 km west-east station transect in the western portion of the central basin (depth gradient from 11.4 m in the west to 20 m in the east). Water column properties were monitored using moored instruments (dissolved oxygen, temperature, turbidity, Chlorophyll a fluorescence) and instrument profiling during cruises in 2008 and 2009. Hypoxia was examined using a biologically relevant value of 40% dissolved oxygen saturation (i.e. ∼4 mg l-1) and 25% dissolved oxygen saturation (i.e. ∼2.5 mg l-1) as used by government agencies. Our goals were to determine the onset and location of hypoxia, as well as the frequency of hypoxic events. We observed differences in the spatial and temporal patterns between the two years, related potentially to different water levels, stronger winds, and a smaller hypolimnion and lower thermocline depth in 2009. Near-bottom hypoxia occurred in the east at the end of June and extended westward by the end of July 2008 using 40% saturation; in early July to mid-August using 25% saturation. The onset of hypoxia (40% sat) occurred earlier in the west in 2009 but was similar to 2008 using 25% saturation. Hypoxia was not static, rather there were a total of ∼100 events of both levels of hypoxia, which were of different duration, noted across the transect in both years. Both the frequency and duration of hypoxic events (&gt; 1 min) were higher and longer in 2008, perhaps related to water circulation and the resuspension of bottom sediment by synoptic-scale storms, which coincided with low oxygen events. Understanding the spatial and temporal patterns of hypoxia provides insight into their effects on habitat quality as well as biogeochemical processes in benthic and hypolimnetic environments in Lake Erie.
Mercury concentrations and potential methylation rates in Lake Erie
Authors: Starr Lindsay D. , McCarthy Mark J. , Hammerschmidt Chad R. , Zastepa Arthur , Newell Silvia E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Little is known about external and internal loading and cycling of bioaccumulative methylmercury in Lake Erie, despite the lake having a world-renowned sport fishery. During the summer/early fall of 2018 to 2021, concentrations and fluxes of total mercury and methylmercury in the water column were examined near the Detroit and Maumee River discharges into western Lake Erie, as well as the junction between Sandusky Bay and central Lake Erie. Average unfiltered total mercury concentrations were similar near the Detroit River (5.4 ± 0.8 pM) and Sandusky Bay inputs (5.3 ± 0.9 pM), which were less than half of those near the Maumee River mouth (11.6 ± 2.8 pM). Similarly, unfiltered methylmercury concentrations near the Detroit River (0.29 ± 0.09 pM) and Sandusky Bay inputs (0.24 ± 0.06 pM) were less than half of those near the Maumee River mouth (0.63 ± 0.21 pM). Potential specific mercury methylation rates measured in central Lake Erie were 0.062 ± 0.027 day-1, 0.045 ± 0.012 day–1 near the Sandusky Bay input, and 0.031 ± 0.006 day–1 at the Detroit River input (Maumee Bay was below detection; rates were not different; Tukey, p &gt;0.87). Compared to previous work, total mercury concentrations in the western basin observed in this study indicate a decrease of about 3.3% yr–1, which may reflect positive impacts of state, provincial, and national legislation (U.S. National Clean Water Act 1990, Ohio Clean Air and Water Act 2004, Ontario Clean Water Act 2006). However, methylmercury concentrations have increased in western Lake Erie from 2010 to 2019, which may reflect the impact of legacy mercury pollution.
Vibrational Feedback for a Teleoperated Continuum Robot with Non-contact Endoscope Localization
Authors: Fischer Jonas , Andreas Daniel , Beckerle Philipp , Mathis-Ullrich Franziska , Marzi Christian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Limited or absent haptic feedback is reported as a factor hindering the continued adoption of surgical robots. This article presents a proof of concept for vibrotactile feedback integrated into a continuum robot to explore whether such feedback improves spatial perception in surgical settings. The robot is equipped with a capacitive sensor for noncontact endoscope localization, enabling spatial awareness of the robot’s tool center point (TCP) within the surgical environment. The data from the sensor is processed and transmitted to a bracelet worn by the user, which generates vibrotactile feedback. The bracelet contains four vibration motors providing tactile cues for navigation and positioning of the robot’s TCP. All subsystems are integrated into a unified system to deliver vibrotactile feedback to the user. When the user maneuvers the TCP of the robot near an object, they receive vibrotactile feedback via the bracelet. Thereby, the intensity of vibration increases as the TCP approaches the object, and the direction of the obstacle is mapped on the bracelet. Initial functional tests were performed and prove the functionality of the proposed system.
Instrument Interactions as Source of Information in Robot-Assisted Surgery
Authors: Sühn Thomas , Spiller Moritz , Esmaeili Nazila , Costa Maximilian , Lohmann Christoph , Friebe Michael , Illanes Alfredo , Boese Axel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The interaction between the surgical instrument and tissue is a yet little-exploited source of information. Vibroacoustic signals resulting from an interaction can be analyzed to extract relevant information related to the tissue. This work presents a summary of feasibility studies with synthetic-, animal-, and ex-vivo tissue specimen. A standard palpation probe is equipped with a vibration measurement system. A manual and robot-assisted setup is used for data acquisition. Simple features derived from the signals are used in a subsequent classification step using kNN and SVM. The obtained results show the capability to differentiate various tissues, such as subchondral bone with an accuracy of 98.44%. This demonstrates the potential of the approach to provide tissue related information based on instrument interactions.
Variational Autoencoder feature clustering for tissue classification in robotic palpation
Authors: Urrutia Robin , Espejo Diego , Sühn Thomas , Guerra Montserrat , Fuentealba Patricio , Poblete Victor , Boese Axel , Illanes Alfredo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery (MIRS) has emerged as a transformative approach in surgical practice, offering reduced patient trauma and enhanced precision. However, challenges persist, including the loss of tactile feedback for surgeons. This study explores the application of machine learning algorithms, specifically variational autoencoders, in vibro-acoustic (VA) signal analysis to address this issue. Our comparative analysis evaluates the potential of supervised learning in surgical data analysis, contributing to advancements in surgical technology. Despite achieving an accuracy of 81%, our results indicate opportunities for further refinement, considering the superior accuracies reported in previous studies. This research underscores the importance of innovative approaches in medical data analysis for optimizing patient care in minimally invasive surgery.
A review on free space optical communication links: 5G applications
Authors: Mali Sabita , Ratnam Jayashree , Ali Farida A. , Sahoo Pritam K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Free space optical (FSO) communications has garnered significant attention as a potential substitute for radio frequency (RF) wireless communication in short and long range transmissions. Free-space optical (FSO) communication is a method where an optical beam is sent across an unguided channel, gaining favour in high-speed wireless networks due to its large optical bandwidth, fast data transmission, lack of licencing requirements, secure nature, and easy setup. Despite several inherent advantages that FSO has over existing radio frequency (RF) communication technologies, its link performance is severely hampered by atmospheric fog and turbulence, which not only reduce optical irradiance but also cause the modulated optical beam to deviate from its intended path, impacting the quality of the received signal. This review paper discusses FSO technology, channel impairments under varied atmospheric attenuation conditions, advantages, and applications. Various channel models in terms of probability density functions are described, which characterise the statistical nature of the irradiance fluctuations of optical transmission through scattering and atmospheric turbulence. Key objectives that need to be addressed in the near future, particularly in fifth-generation (5G) and beyond, includes enhancing capacity, boosting data rates, minimising latency, and enhancing service quality. Last but not the least, several uses of FSO that facilitates 5G and future technologies have also been covered in this study.
Evaluation of underwater laser communication performance across different water types
Authors: Akshatha K. , Balaji K.A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper demonstrates underwater communication using a green laser with On-Off Keying (OOK) modulation. The study focuses on communication performance between an underwater platform and an air-based platform under varying conditions, including different weather, saline, and clear water environments. A photovoltaic (PV) cell is used as a receiver to detect signals. The experiment analyzes data transmission from air to underwater across various conditions, including with and without sunlight. The results indicate that green lasers are optimal for underwater communication, with improved performance as the water depth increases, making them particularly suitable for underwater communication systems.
Multi-surveillance detection for night surveillance using modified yolo v5 algorithm based optical communication
Authors: Pramanik Tapas , Burade Prakash , Sharma Sanjeev 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Night vision significantly impacts our daily visual efficiency and has more impact in communications networks. This work primarily emphasises enhancing the safety and security of individuals through advancements in night vision systems. While research on night vision is crucial for addressing contemporary social challenges, there remains a scarcity of databases tailored for deep-learning investigations in this domain. To address these challenges, this study evaluates the performance of three distinct object detection models: Yolo v3 achieving a mean average precision (mAP) of 87.9 % at 45 frames per second (FPS), Yolo v5 with a mAP of 88.7 % at 20 FPS, and modified Yolo v5 with a remarkable mAP of 95.1 % at 79 FPS. From the results, it is proven that this algorithm successfully detects classes including humans, animals, and vehicles.
Search for a Standard of Proof in the Lithuanian Civil Procedure
Authors: Nekrošius Vytautas , Bartkus Jurgis 
Published: September 2024

The article analyses the issues related to the standard of proof in the Lithuanian civil procedure. The study reveals that the social school of the civil procedure, on which the Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Lithuania is based, and the objective of establishing the substantive truth justify the application of the intime conviction standard in Lithuanian civil proceedings.The first part of the article analyses the historical sources of the Lithuanian civil procedure law which lead to the conclusion that, since the 19th century, the Lithuanian civil procedure has followed the ideas based on the social civil procedure school.The second part reveals that the concept of substantive truth, which means that the Court is fully or almost fully satisfied as to the correctness of the decision to be given in a case, has the closest connection with the social civil procedure school. This notion of truth determines a specific standard of proof, i.e., the application of the intime conviction standard.In the third part, by taking into account the social school of the civil procedure, the purpose of substantive truth and the provisions of the Lithuanian Code of Civil Procedure, it is concluded that the standard of intime conviction must be applied in Lithuanian civil proceedings.The fourth part reveals the Case Law of the Supreme Court of Lithuania concerning the standard of proof and its developments.
Analyzing Economic Resilience of Rural Tourism in Indonesia Using Synthetic Composite Index
Authors: Ariyani Nafiah , Fauzi Akhmad 
Published: September 2024

Research Originality: This study used a new method, namely the Adjusted Mazziotta-Pareto Index (AMPI) to measure and categorize economic resilience using clustering analysis. In addition, the innovative method had not been previously applied to tourism resilience in Indonesia, making this study the first to measure tourism village resilience.Research Objectives: This study aimed to analyze economic resilience of tourism village destinations in Indonesia from 2019 to 2022 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Research Methods: The procedures were carried out using a quantitative method to determine resilience index of tourism village in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were obtained from form management documents as well as 24 tourism villages across Java, Bali, and West Nusa Tenggara Provinces. Empirical Results: The results showed that the majority of villages were significantly impacted in the initial year of COVID-19, but were able to recover, demonstrating strong capacity and performance in recovering from the pandemic shock. In addition, economic aspects of capacity and performance showed high adaptability after the pandemic, indicating relative resilience to the shock. Implications: The results of this study could inform policies to enhance tourism village resilience in Indonesia. JEL Classification: O18, Z32, Z38How to Cite:Ariyani, N., & Fauzi, A. (2024). Analyzing Economic Resilience of Rural Tourism in Indonesia Using Synthetic Composite Index. Etikonomi, 23(2), 415 – 432. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i2.33355.
Profitability of Manufacturing Firms in Indonesia Amidst the Pandemic
Authors: Khalifaturofi'ah Sholikha Oktavi , Setiawan Rahmat 
Published: September 2024

Research Originality: In the realm of manufacturing firms, the pursuit of profitability remains a foremost concern. This paper distinguishes itself through its innovative approach, integrating key factors such as liquidity, leverage, activity, and the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing panel regression analysis, the study scrutinizes Indonesia's total manufacturing firms to shed light on this critical issue.Research Objectives: This study primarily aims to evaluate the profitability of manufacturing firms in Indonesia. It specifically delves into the impact of liquidity, leverage, and activity measures on profitability, while also examining how the COVID-19 pandemic factors into this equation.Research Methods: Employing a quantitative approach, this study utilizes panel data gathered from 134 manufacturing firms in Indonesia spanning from 2018 to 2023. The analysis relies on a panel regression model to draw insights.Empirical Results: The analysis yields significant findings. Notably, leverage demonstrates a negative and statistically significant influence on manufacturing firms' profitability, whereas firm activity shows a positive and statistically significant effect. Conversely, liquidity and the COVID-19 pandemic appear to have negligible impacts on profitability.Implications: These findings hold critical implications for policymakers and practitioners within Indonesia's manufacturing sector. To bolster the profitability of manufacturing firms, policymakers should prioritize reducing leverage and fostering increased company activity, possibly through amplified sales efforts.JEL Classification: G32, G33, G01, L60How to Cite:Khalifaturofi’ah, S. O., & Setiawan, R. (2024). Profitability of Manufacturing Firms in Indonesia Amidst the Pandemic. Etikonomi, 23(2), 497-510. htttps://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i2.35169.
Unleashing the Central Bank Digital Currency Revolution and its Impact on Exchange Rate: A Monetary Approach Synthesis
Authors: Kurnia Akhmad Syakir , Assidiq Muhammad Adnan 
Published: September 2024

Research Originality: The introduction of CBDC by the Central Bank of Indonesia has increased the intensity of news about CBDC. Besides aiming to introduce the future direction of the payment system, the news potentially causes uncertainty and speculation in the market, which may impact the rupiah exchange rate.Research Objectives: This research analyzes the impact of CBDC news on the rupiah exchange rate, synthesizing a sticky price version of the monetary approach to the exchange rate. Research Methods: A CBDC News Index is constructed based on a compilation of news data from major online media between 2018 and 2023. The structural VAR (SVAR) method is thenemployed to investigate the impact of CBDC news on the exchange rate dynamic.Empirical Results: The results suggest a trend consistent with the hypothesis, indicating that news about CBDC may lead to pressure on the domestic currency, resulting in depreciation. However, the impact is not statistically convincing as the coefficient is not statistically different from zero. The monetary approach synthesis findings suggest that raising the policy rate is likely efficacious in counteracting the pressure of domestic currency depreciation. Meanwhile, other monetary approach variables exhibit anomalies related to exchange rate dynamics.Implications: As the central bank plans to implement a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), it must carefully control the dissemination of information about what the CBDC will entail and how it will be rolled out. CBDC blueprint and official disclosure help reduce uncertainty and speculation about implementing CBDC.JEL Classification: D80, E58, F31How to Cite:Kurnia, A. S. & Assidiq, M. A. (2024). Unleashing the Central Bank Digital Currency Revolution and Its Impact on Exchange Rate: A Monetary Approach Synthesis. Etikonomi, 23(2), 271-286. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v23i2.37788