bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissemination of Evidence From Systematic Reviews Through Academic CME Providers: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Fordis Michael , King Jason E. , Bonaduce de Nigris Francesca , Morrow Robert , Baron Robert B. , Kues John R. , Norton James C. , Kessler Harold , Mazmanian Paul E. , Colburn Lois 
Published: June 2016

Introduction:
Although systematic reviews represent a source of best evidence to support clinical decision-making, reviews are underutilized by clinicians. Barriers include lack of awareness, familiarity, and access. Efforts to promote utilization have focused on reaching practicing clinicians, leaving unexplored the roles of continuing medical education (CME) directors and faculty in promoting systematic review use. This study explored the feasibility of working with CME directors and faculty for that purpose.

Methods:
A convenience sample of five academic CME directors and faculty agreed to participate in a feasibility study exploring use in CME courses of systematic reviews from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ-SRs). AHRQ-SR topics addressed the comparative effectiveness of health care options. Participants received access to AHRQ-SR reports, associated summary products, and instructional resources. The feasibility study used mixed methods to assess 1) implementation of courses incorporating SR evidence, 2) identification of facilitators and barriers to integration, and 3) acceptability to CME directors, faculty, and learners.

Results:
Faculty implemented 14 CME courses of varying formats serving 1700 learners in urban, suburban, and rural settings. Facilitators included credibility, conciseness of messages, and availability of supporting materials; potential barriers included faculty unfamiliarity with SRs, challenges in maintaining review currency, and review scope. SR evidence and summary products proved acceptable to CME directors, course faculty, and learners by multiple measures.

Discussion:
This study demonstrates the feasibility of approaches to use AHRQ-SRs in CME courses/programming. Further research is needed to demonstrate generalizability to other types of CME providers and other systemic reviews.
Methodological Approach to Use Fresh and Cryopreserved Vessels as Tools to Analyze Pharmacological Modulation of the Angiogenic Growth
Authors: Vicente Diana , Hernández Blanca , Segura Vanessa , Pascual Desirée , Fornaciari Giacomo , Monto Fermí , Mirabet Vicente , Montesinos M. Carmen , D'Ocon Pilar 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:
The sprouting of new vessels is greatly influenced by the procedure chosen. We sought to optimize the experimental conditions of the angiogenic growth of fresh and cryopreserved vessels cultured in Matrigel with the aim to use this system to analyze the pharmacological modulation of the process. Segments of second-order branches of rat mesenteric resistance arteries, thoracic aorta of rat or mouse, and cryopreserved rat aorta and human femoral arteries were cultured in Matrigel for 7–21 days in different mediums, as well as in the absence of endothelial or adventitia layer. Quantification of the angiogenic growth was performed by either direct measurement of the mean length of the neovessels or by calcein AM staining and determination of fluorescence intensity and area. Fresh and cryopreserved arterial rings incubated in Matrigel exhibited a spontaneous angiogenic response that was strongly accelerated by fetal calf serum. Addition of vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, endothelial growth factor, or recombinant insulin-like growth factor failed to increase aortic sprouting, unless all were added together. Removal of adventitia, but not the endothelial layer, abrogated the angiogenic response of aortic rings. Determination of the mean neovessel length is an easy and accurate method to quantify the angiogenic growth devoid of confounding factors, such as inclusion of other cellular types surrounding the neovessels. Activity of a α1-adrenoceptor agonist (phenylephrine) and its inhibition by a selective antagonist (prazosin) were analyzed to prove the usefulness of the Matrigel system to evaluate the pharmacological modulation of the angiogenic growth.
Back schools for the treatment of chronic low back pain: possibility of benefit but no convincing evidence after 47 years of research—systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Straube Sebastian , Harden Markus , Schröder Heiko , Arendacka Barbora , Fan Xiangning , Moore R. Andrew , Friede Tim 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Back schools are interventions that comprise exercise and education components. We aimed to systematically review the randomized controlled trial evidence on back schools for the treatment of chronic low back pain. By searching MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Central as well as bibliographies, we identified 31 studies for inclusion in our systematic review and 5 of these for inclusion in meta-analyses. Meta-analyses for pain scores and functional outcomes revealed statistical superiority of back schools vs no intervention for some comparisons but not others. No meta-analysis was feasible for the comparison of back schools vs other active treatments. Adverse events were poorly reported so that no reliable conclusions regarding the safety of back schools can be drawn, although some limited reassurance in this regard may be derived from the fact that few adverse events and no serious adverse events were reported in the back school groups in the studies that did report on safety. Overall, the evidence base for the use of back schools to treat chronic low back pain is weak; in nearly a half-century since back schools were first trialled, no unequivocal evidence of benefit has emerged.
Usefulness of mean corpuscular volume as a surrogate marker for monitoring thiopurine treatment in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Dujardin Romein W.G. , Meijer Berrie , de Boer Nanne K.H. , D’Haens Geert R. , Löwenberg Mark 
Published: June 2016

Background
Thiopurines are commonly used drugs in inflammatory bowel disease. Intracellular levels of thiopurine metabolites [i.e. 6-thioguaninenucleotides (6-TGN)] are associated with efficacy and toxicity. Because 6-TGN measurement is not globally available, the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) has been proposed as a surrogate marker for monitoring thiopurine therapy.

Aims
To analyze the relationship between MCV and efficacy of thiopurines, defined as either response to therapy or 6-TGN levels.

Methods
A systematic search on PubMed was performed.

Results
Fifteen studies were included. In six studies, a positive association was found between ΔMCV and 6-TGN. In four studies, it was suggested that ΔMCV can be used to predict clinical remission. In five articles, no association was found.

Conclusion
In the majority of articles, it was reported that ΔMCV is useful in guiding intracellular metabolite levels. However, there is insufficient evidence showing that ΔMCV can predict clinical remission.
Reproducibility and Inter‐rater Reliability of 2 Paediatric Nutritional Screening Tools
Authors: Galera‐Martínez Rafael , Moráis‐López Ana , Rivero de la Rosa Maria del C. , Escartín‐Madurga Laura , López‐Ruzafa Encarnación , Ros‐Arnal Ignacio , Ruiz‐Bartolomé Hector , Rodríguez‐Martínez Gerardo , Lama‐More Rosa A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:The aim of the present study was to assess reproducibility and inter‐rater reliability of 2 nutritional screening tools (NST): Screening Tool for Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids) and Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Paediatrics (STAMP).Methods:Prospective observational multicentre study. Patients ages 1 month or older admitted to paediatric or surgical wards were tested within 24 hours of admission by 2 independent observers: experts specialized in paediatric nutrition (physicians or dieticians) and clinical staff nonexpert in nutrition. Diagnosis on admission, underlying diseases, and length of stay were registered. Statistical analysis: Kappa index (κ) to evaluate agreement between observers.Results:A total of 223 patients were included (53.4% boys), with mean age of 5.59 (95% confidence interval 4.94–6.22) years. Experts classified 9.9% of patients at high risk with STRONGkids and 19.7% using STAMP, whereas nonexpert staff assigned 6.7% of patients to the high‐risk category with STRONGkids and 21.9% with STAMP. Agreement between expert and nonexpert staff was good: 94.78% for STRONGkids (κ 0.72 [P < 0.001]); 92.55% for STAMP (κ 0.74 [P < 0.001]). The rate of malnutrition was significantly higher among high‐risk patients with both NST, independent of examiner experience. After adjusting for age, both STRONGkids and STAMP high‐risk scores predicted longer length of stay, whether assessed by experts or nonexperts, although differences were higher with STRONGkids.Conclusions:Agreement between experts and nonexpert staff in nutrition was good, producing a similar high‐risk patient profile. Our results demonstrate that these NSTs are appropriate for nutritional screening in settings in which users have no previous experience in the field.
Effect of Intravenous Ondansetron on the QT Interval of Patients' Electrocardiograms
Authors: Krammes Sarah Kline , Jacobs Todd , Clark John M. , Lutes R. Esther 
Published: June 2016

Objective
Ondansetron improves the success of oral rehydration in children with gastroenteritis. In postoperative adults, ondansetron has been shown to prolong the corrected QT (QTc). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of ondansetron on the QT at peak effect and at 1-hour postpeak effect in pediatric patients.

Methods
This was an observational study looking at patients aged 6 months to 18 years receiving intravenous ondansetron for nausea, vomiting, or the inability to take fluids in the emergency department. Patients had electrocardiogram performed at baseline, at ondansetron's peak effect, and 1 hour postpeak effect. A paired samples Student t test compared QTc change at peak effect to zero. Peak effect of intravenous ondansetron is 3 minutes.

Results
One hundred patients were included. Fifty-five percent of patients were female with a mean age of 8.3 years. The mean (range) baseline QTc was 435 (388 to 501) milliseconds. The mean (range) change in QTc at peak effect of ondansetron was 3 (−40 to 65) milliseconds (P = 0.072). The change in QTc 1-hour postpeak effect of ondansetron was 3 (−43 to 45) milliseconds (P = 0.082). No change at peak effect or 1-hour postpeak effect was clinically significant.

Conclusions
Ondansetron does not affect the QTc of pediatric patients receiving the medication for nausea, vomiting, or inability to take fluids in the emergency department. No changes in the QTc are clinically significant. To date, there have been no studies evaluating the effect of ondansetron in this acutely ill population; therefore, a larger study should be completed to confirm these data.
Sex-Related Differences in Inflammatory and Immune Activation Markers Before and After Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation
Authors: Mathad Jyoti S. , Gupte Nikhil , Balagopal Ashwin , Asmuth David , Hakim James , Santos Breno , Riviere Cynthia , Hosseinipour Mina , Sugandhavesa Patcharaphan , Infante Rosa , Pillay Sandy , Cardoso Sandra W. , Mwelase Noluthando , Pawar Jyoti , Berendes Sima , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Andrade Bruno B. , Campbell Thomas B. , Currier Judith S. , Cohn Susan E. , Gupta Amita ,   for the New Work Concept Sheet 319 and AIDS Clinical Trials Group A5175 (PEARLS) Study Teams
Published: June 2016

Background:
Women progress to death at the same rate as men despite lower plasma HIV RNA (viral load). We investigated sex-specific differences in immune activation and inflammation as a potential explanation.

Methods:
Inflammatory and immune activation markers [interferon γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, IL-6, IL-18, IFN-γ–induced protein 10, C-reactive protein (CRP), lipopolysaccharide, and sCD14] were measured at weeks 0, 24, and 48 after combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in a random subcohort (n = 215) who achieved virologic suppression in ACTG A5175 (Prospective Evaluation of Antiretrovirals in Resource-Limited Settings). Association between sex and changes in markers post-cART was examined using random effects models. Average marker differences and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using multivariable models.

Results:
At baseline, women had lower median log10 viral load (4.93 vs 5.18 copies per milliliter, P = 0.01), CRP (2.32 vs 4.62 mg/L, P = 0.01), detectable lipopolysaccharide (39% vs 55%, P = 0.04), and sCD14 (1.9 vs 2.3 µg/mL, P = 0.06) vs men. By week 48, women had higher interferon γ (22.4 vs 14.9 pg/mL, P = 0.05), TNF-α (11.5 vs 9.5 pg/mL, P = 0.02), and CD4 (373 vs 323 cells per cubic millimeter, P = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, women had greater increases in CD4 and TNF-α but less of a decrease in CRP and sCD14 compared with men.

Conclusions:
With cART-induced viral suppression, women have less reduction in key markers of inflammation and immune activation compared with men. Future studies should investigate the impact of these sex-specific differences on morbidity and mortality.
Stiff person syndrome and other immune-mediated movement disorders – new insights
Authors: Balint Bettina , Bhatia Kailash P. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
This review highlights the recent developments in immune-mediated movement disorders and how they reflect on clinical practice and our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

Recent findings
The antibody spectrum associated with stiff person syndrome and related disorders (SPSD) has broadened and, apart from the classic glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)- and amphiphysin-antibodies, includes now also antibodies against dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6 (DPPX), gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor (GABAAR), glycine receptor (GlyR) and glycine transporter 2 (GlyT2). The field of movement disorders with neuronal antibodies keeps expanding with the discovery for example of antibodies against leucine rich glioma inactivated protein 1 (LGI1) and contactin associated protein 2 (Caspr2) in chorea, or antibodies targeting ARHGAP26- or Na+/K+ ATPase alpha 3 subunit (ATP1A3) in cerebellar ataxia. Moreover, neuronal antibodies may partly account for movement disorders attributed for example to Sydenham's chorea, coeliac disease, or steroid responsive encephalopathy with thyroid antibodies. Lastly, there is an interface of immunology, genetics and neurodegeneration, e.g. in Aicardi–Goutières syndrome or the tauopathy with IgLON5-antibodies.

Summary
Clinicians should be aware of new antibodies such as dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6, gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor and glycine transporter 2 in stiff person syndrome and related disorders, as well as of the expanding spectrum of immune-mediated movement disorders.
Persistent Placoid Maculopathy Complicated by Cerebral Vasculitis
Authors: Lenassi Eva , Kojovic Maja , Jaki Mekjavić Polona , Sega Sasa , Vidovič Valentinčič Natasa 
Published: June 2016

Abstract:
Persistent placoid maculopathy (PPM) is a bilateral inflammatory chorioretinopathy characterized by long-standing plaque-like macular lesions. No systemic manifestations have been reported to date. We describe a case of PPM complicated by cerebral vasculitis, suggesting that neurological symptoms, including headache, should be enquired about in all PPM subjects.
Simultaneous Median–Radial Nerve Electrical Stimulation Revisited: An Accurate Approach to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Diagnosis and Severity
Authors: Rodrigues Thaís , Winckler Pablo B. , Félix-Torres Vitor , Schestatsky Pedro 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:
To assess the accuracy of an unusual test for CTS investigation and correlate it with clinical symptoms.

Methods:
Initially, we applied a visual analog scale for CTS discomfort (CTS-VAS) and performed a standard electrophysiologic test for CTS diagnosis (median–ulnar velocity comparison). Posteriorly, a blinded neurophysiologist performed the orthodromic simultaneous median–radial nerve stimulation (SMRS) at the thumb, with recording of both action potentials over the lateral aspect of the wrist.

Results:
All hands (106) showed median–radial action potential splitting using the SMRS technique, in which was possible to measure the interpeak latencies (IPLs) between action potentials. The IPL and median nerve conduction velocity were different according to CTS intensity (Bonferroni; P < 0.001). There was significant correlation between IPL and median nerve conduction velocity (Spearman; r = −0.51; P < 0.01). In the same way, there was a significant correlation between IPL and median nerve conduction velocity with CTS-VAS (r = 0.6 and r = −0.3, respectively). The duration and unpleasantness of the SMRS procedure were lower when compared with standard approach (t Student < 0.001 for both comparisons). Twenty-nine symptomatic patients (39 hands) who did not fulfill criteria for CTS based on standard approach showed abnormal IPLs.

Conclusions:
The SMRS technique is a simple, sensitive, and tolerable approach for CTS diagnosis. Apart from that, the data from SMRS correlated better with clinical impact of CTS in comparison with the standard approach. Therefore, this method might be useful as adjunct to standard electrophysiologic approaches in clinical practice.
Overlap of movement planning and movement execution reduces reaction time by up to 100ms
Authors: Orban de Xivry Jean-Jacques , Legrain Valéry , Lefèvre Philippe 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMotor planning is the process of preparing the appropriate motor commands in order to achieve a goal. This process has been largely considered as occurring before movement onset and has been traditionally associated with reaction time. However, in a virtual line bisection task, we observed an overlap between movement planning and execution.In this task performed with a robotic manipulandum, we observed that the participants (N=30) made straight movements when the line was in front of them (near target) but made often curved movements towards a farther target that was located sideways in such a way that they crossed the line perpendicular to it. Unexpectedly, movements to the far targets had shorter reaction times than movements to the near target (mean difference: 32ms, SE: 5ms, max: 104ms). In addition, the curvature of the movement modulated reaction time. A larger increase in movement curvature from the near to the far target was associated with a larger reduction in reaction time. These highly curved movements started with a transport phase during which accuracy demands were not taken into account.We concluded that accuracy demand imposes a reaction time penalty if it is processed before movement onset. This penalty is reduced if the start of the movement can consist of a transport phase and if the movement plan can be refined in function of accuracy demands later in the movement, hence demonstrating an overlap between movement planning and execution.New and NoteworthyIn the planning of a movement, the brain has the opportunity to delay the incorporation of accuracy requirements on the motor plan in order to reduce the reaction time by up to 100ms. Such shortening of reaction time is observed here when the first phase of the movement consists in a transport phase. This forces us to reconsider the idea that motor plans are fully characterized before movement onset.
Developmental Transcriptional Model Describing Regulated Genes, Qtls And Pathways During The Primary And Secondary Cell Walls Of Pima Fibers
Authors: Alabady Magdy S. , Arpat Bulak A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGossypium barbadense L. (Egyptian and Pima) produces single celled fiber trichomes that are the longest and richest in cellulosic contents in the plant kingdom. Developmental dissection of fiber at the transcriptional level is crucial to unveiling the genetic mechanisms underpinning fiber morphogenesis. We profiled the transcriptome of developing Pima fibers, as well as genes associated with consensus fiber quality QTLs, at seven developmental time points covering both primary (PCW) and secondary (SCW) cell wall stages. A total of 2,934 genes were differentially expressed at only one (45.19%) or at multiple (54.81%) developmental time points. Based on the coincidence between gene expression dynamics and the time frame of fiber developmental stages, five stage-specific expression profiles were identified. As a link between fiber QTLs and gene expression, 5 potential developmentally regulated QTLs (drQTLs) corresponding to different fiber developmental stages were identified. Genes in the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway, particularly QTL associated genes, appeared to be involved in regulating the transition stage between PCW and SCW; a stage that is crucial to both fiber length and strength in the extra-long staple cotton genotypes. In this respect, Yeast-two-hybrids identified interactions between UBC9 and genes involved in cell and organ elongation, polar cell expansion, microtubule cytoskeleton dynamics and organization, and basic amino acids transportation during the SCW/SCW transition. Altogether, these results were integrated into a proposed model linking fiber developmental stages with the Pima fiber traits.
Maternal Genetic Ancestry and Legacy of 10thCentury AD Hungarians
Authors: Csősz Aranka , Szécsényi-Nagy Anna , Csákyová Veronika , Langó Péter , Bódis Viktória , Köhler Kitti , Tömöry Gyöngyvér , Nagy Melinda , Mende Balázs Gusztáv 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe ancient Hungarians originated from the Ural region in today’s central Russia and migrated across the Eastern European steppe, according to historical sources. The Hungarians conquered the Carpathian Basin 895–907 AD, and admixed with the indigenous communities.Here we present mitochondrial DNA results from three datasets: one from the Avar period (7th–9thcenturies) of the Carpathian Basin (n = 31); one from the Hungarian conquest-period (n=76); and a completion of the published 10th-12thcentury Hungarian-Slavic contact zone dataset by four samples. We compare these mitochondrial DNA hypervariable segment sequences and haplogroup results with published ancient and modern Eurasian data. Whereas the analyzed Avars represents a certain group of the Avar society that shows East and South European genetic characteristics, the Hungarian conquerors’ maternal gene pool is a mixture of West Eurasian and Central and North Eurasian elements. Comprehensively analyzing the results, both the linguistically recorded Finno-Ugric roots and historically documented Turkic and Central Asian influxes had possible genetic imprints in the conquerors’ genetic composition. Our data allows a complex series of historic and population genetic events before the formation of the medieval population of the Carpathian Basin, and the maternal genetic continuity between 10th- 12thcentury and modern Hungarians.