bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assisting the neurologist in diagnosis of CNS malignancies ‐ Current Possibilities and Limits of Cerebrospinal Fluid Cytology and Immunocytochemistry
Authors: Dušková Jaroslava , Sobek Ondřej 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesIn tumorous impairment of CNS, cytological identification of the neoplastic cells in CSF frequently requires the use of ancillary techniques. Our methods are focused on identifying algorithms that increase the probability of identifying CSF malignant cells.Materials and MethodsA total of 1.272 CSF samples from patients with tumorous infiltration of CNS of nonhematologic origin along with 721 samples from patients with hematologic malignancies were analyzed in a complex setting including cytological and immunocytochemical investigations.Results and DiscussionIn CSF diagnostics we are aware of the limited amount of sample combined frequently with neoplastic oligocytosis. Provided atypical, potentially malignant cells in CSF are found, further investigation(s) should maximize the probability of their identification—an appropriate cytological staining and immunocytochemical panel is to be applied. (i) In cases of known recent malignancy: immunoprofile of the recent neoplasm has been considered in immunocytochemical panel. (ii) In patients with a history of malignancy: The propensity to develop a new different malignancy must be taken into account. (iii) Atypical cells found in the CSF of a patient with a negative history of malignancy: Considering the most frequent clinically silent malignancies, stepwise immunocytochemistry is employed. Three milliliter of initial CSF sample represents the absolute minimum to start with.ConclusionsThe steps of the laboratory activity targeted on malignancy in the CSF detection can be expected as follows: (i) The sample will be divided for both nonmorphology and cytopathology investigations. (ii) Basic stainings will triage the samples into those with no suspicion of malignancy and the remaining ones. (iii) Special stainings and stepwise immunocytochemistry will be performed in parallel with the nonmorphology investigations.
CISD2 enhances the chemosensitivity of gastric cancer through the enhancement of 5‐FU‐induced apoptosis and the inhibition of autophagy by AKT/mTOR pathway
Authors: Sun Yi , Jiang Yingming , Huang Jintuan , Chen Hao , Liao Yi , Yang Zuli 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGastric cancer (GC) is a prevalent upper gastrointestinal tumor characterized by high morbidity and mortality due to imperfect screening systems and the rapid development of resistance to 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2 (CISD2) has been recently regarded as a candidate oncogene in several types of tumors. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate its biological function and clinical significance in gastric cancer. In this study, the down‐regulated expression level of CISD2 in GC compared with adjacent normal tissues was evaluated by quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blotting. An immunohistochemical analysis indicated that CISD2 expression in GC was significantly correlated with age (P = 0.002), Lauren's classification (P = 0.001), and differentiation (P = 0.049). Two cell lines, MKN1 and BGC823, were used to analyze the role of CISD2 in gastric carcinogenesis and response to 5‐FU through CCK‐8 assays, the RT‐CES system, Transwell assays, flow cytometry, and confocal fluorescence microscopy. The overexpression of CISD2 resulted in reduced cellular growth and proliferation, inhibition of metastatic ability, and increased apoptosis. 5‐FU treatment increased endogenous as well as exogenous overexpression of CISD2 in GC cells. Further investigation revealed that CISD2 enhanced sensitivity to 5‐FU via an increase in apoptosis and inhibition of protective autophagy through the activation of the AKT/mTOR pathway. In conclusion, CISD2 is down‐regulated in gastric cancer, and its effects on the inhibition of cellular proliferation, metastatic ability, and increased chemotherapy sensitivity are mediated by antagonism to 5‐FU‐induced autophagy through the AKT/mTOR pathway.
Pyruvate‐Kinase‐Coupled Glycosyltransferase Assays: Limitations, Struggles and Problem Resolution
Authors: Fu Huixiao , Pan Weidong , Vincent Stéphane P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEnzyme assays involving coupled pyruvate kinase (PK) have been used for many years to monitor the activity of major classes of enzymes including glycosyltransferases. Numerous potent inhibitors have been discovered and kinetically characterized thanks to this technology. However, when inhibitors of these important enzymes are screened, PK inhibitors or activators are very often observed. In this study we report solutions to resolve the problems encountered either during the screening or during the kinetic characterization of glycosyltransferase inhibitors by means of PK‐coupled assays. The enzyme under study—WaaC—is an important glycosyltransferase involved in the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis pathway. Firstly we showed that alternative kinases such as nucleoside 5‐diphosphate kinase (NDPK), myokinase (MK), and ADPdependent hexokinase that catalyze similar reactions to PK are prone to the same troubles. Moreover, an ADP chemosensor was used as an alternative but the sensitivity was not sufficient to allow a proper screening. Finally, we found that a stepwise PK/luciferase assay resolved the problems encountered with PK inhibitors and that a WaaC HPLC assay allowed the identification of WaaC inhibitors acting as PK activators, thus allowing false positive and false negative results linked to the coupling to PK to be eliminated.
Supraventricular microreentry in a newborn due to a giant atrial septum aneurysm
Authors: Wagner Franziska , Gebauer Roman , Wagner Robert , Paech Christian 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessageSupraventricular arrhythmias in neonates are rare and mostly not related to structural heart defects. We present the first case of a newborn with a supraventricular microreentrant tachycardia possibly associated with an atrial septum aneurysm and emphasize the importance of a thorough diagnostic workup allowing a fast and adequate therapy.
Synchronous Hodgkin's lymphoma and seminoma: a rare coexistence and an important lesson
Authors: Singh Prabhsimranjot , Toom Sudhamshi , Shrivastava Makhardwaj , Shaw Jason , Silver David , Balderacchi Jasminka , Lipshitz Jay 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessageSynchronous presentation of seminoma and lymphoma is rare but has important ramifications for the treatment of both malignancies. Without clinical vigilance, this situation may be easily missed, leading to inappropriate management. We describe a patient with synchronous seminoma and Hodgkin's lymphoma and discuss the implication on his treatment.
Catalytic Activity of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Acetylene Hydrogenation
Authors: Bychko Igor B. , Abakumov Alexander A. , Lemesh Natasha V. , Strizhak Peter E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe hydrogenation of acetylene was investigated on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with an average diameter of 35 nm and prepared by chemical vapor deposition from ethylene. The MWCNT structure and surface‐oxygen‐containing functional groups were verified by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Boehm titration. Significant differences in the surface functionalities of the MWCNTs were found before and after catalysis, but the morphology of the MWCNTs did not change. During catalysis, the MWCNTs are characterized by a large number of defects and the surface is functionalized with hydroxy and carbonyl groups. The MWCNTs demonstrated high selectivity towards ethylene formation. The formation of methane was not recorded. Our study indicates that acetylene hydrogenation proceeds according to a Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism.
Rhombic Dodecahedron ZIF‐8 Precursor: Designing Porous N‐Doped Carbon for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Yang , Wei Gangya , Pan Liudi , Xiong Mingyan , Yan Honglin , Li Yuxi , Lu Cong , Qiao Yun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe design and synthetic strategy of nanostructure electrodes are crucial in the rapid development of sodium‐ion batteries for energy storage device. Rhombic dodecahedral N‐doped carbon with a porous structure has been prepared by using ZIF‐8 as the precursor, which could be beneficial for electrolyte permeation as well as electron and ion transportation. The nitrogen content and surface structure can be adjusted by controlling the heating temperature. As an anode for sodium‐ion batteries, the as‐derived porous N‐doped carbon with a rhombic dodecahedral structure demonstrates a very high reversible capacity above 300 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g−1, as well as a good cycle stability and excellent rate capability, which could make it an excellent candidate for sodium‐ion batteries with high performance. Additionally, the as‐assembled full cell, using Prussian blue as the cathode, displays a capacity of 76 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 after 50 cycles. In this way, this work will expand the application of metal‐organic frameworks and their derivatives in large‐scale electric energy storage.
Accessible 3D Integrative Paper Electrode Shapes: All‐Carbon Dual‐Ion Batteries with Optimum Packaging Performances
Authors: Shi Xiaoyuan , Deng Ting , Zhang Bingsen , Zhang Wei , Sui Lu , Yang He , Wang Dong , Shi Wen , Chen Cheng‐Meng , Zheng Weitao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDual‐ion batteries are promising devices, owing to their compatibility of high energy density and high power density, provide that the volume expansion of positive graphite and the decomposition of the electrolyte are well addressed. Herein, we report a facile strategy of using low‐cost carbon fiber paper for package enhancement of dual‐ion batteries. The three‐dimensional structure offers both conductivity and structure integrity, while the highly graphitic fiber paper endows the high intercalation potential towards high energy density. High stability results from such integrative electrode structure. Matching with electrical double‐layer capacitive graphene and ionic liquids, with a wide electrochemical stability window, a dual‐ion battery has been fabricated to achieve a specific energy of 149 Wh/kg at a specific power of 1011 W/kg, and the specific energy retains 85 % after 1000 cycles. This accessible 3D paper electrode provides a new route for an integral electrode construct that can be used in ultrastable, high‐efficiency energy‐storage devices.
Post‐modified non‐negative matrix factorization for deconvoluting the gene expression profiles of specific cell types from heterogeneous clinical samples based on RNA‐sequencing data
Authors: Liu Yuan , Liang Yu , Kuang Qifan , Xie Fanfan , Hao Yingyi , Wen Zhining , Li Menglong 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe application of supervised algorithms in clinical practice has been limited by the lack of information on pure cell types. Several supervised algorithms have been proposed to estimate the gene expression patterns of specific cell types from heterogeneous samples. Post‐modified non‐negative matrix factorization (NMF), the unsupervised algorithm we proposed here, is capable of estimating the gene expression profiles and contents of the major cell types in cancer samples without any prior reference knowledge. Post‐modified NMF was first evaluated using simulation data sets and then applied to deconvolution of the gene expression profiles of cancer samples. It exhibited satisfactory performance with both the validation and application data. For application in 3 types of cancer, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified from the deconvoluted gene expression profiles of tumor cells were highly associated with the cancer‐related gene sets. Moreover, the estimated proportions of tumor cells showed significant difference between the 2 compared patient groups in clinical endpoints. Our results indicated that the post‐modified NMF can efficiently extract the gene expression patterns of specific cell types from heterogeneous samples for subsequent analysis and prediction, which will greatly benefit clinical prognosis.
FTIR‐ATR adulteration study of hempseed oil of different geographic origins
Authors: Jović Ozren , Jović Alan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAdulteration of hempseed (H) oil, a well‐known health beneficial nutrient, is studied in this work by mixing it with cheap and widely used oils such as rapeseed (R) oil and sesame (Se) and sunflower (Su) oil. Many samples of different geographic origins were taken into account. Binary mixture sets of hempseed oil with these 3 oils (HR, HSe, and HSu) were considered. FTIR spectra of pure oils and their mixtures were recorded, and quantitative analyses were performed using partial least squares regression (PLS) and first‐break forward interval PLS methods (FB‐FiPLS). The obtained results show that each particular oil can be very successfully quantified (R2(val) > 0.995, RMSECV 0.9%–2.9%, RMSEP 1.0%–3.2%). This means that FTIR coupled with multivariate methods can rapidly and effectively determine the level of adulteration in the adulterated hempseed oil for these studied and frequently used adulterant oils. Also, the relevant variables selected by FB‐FiPLS could be used for verification of hempseed oil adulteration.
Mild N‐Alkylation of Amines with Alcohols Catalyzed by the Acetate Ru(OAc)2(CO)(DiPPF) Complex
Authors: Figliolia Rosario , Baldino Salvatore , Nedden Hans G. , Zanotti‐Gerosa Antonio , Baratta Walter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe acetate complex Ru(OAc)2(DiPPF) (2) obtained from Ru(OAc)2(PPh3)2 (1) and 1,1′‐bis(diisopropylphosphino)ferrocene (DiPPF) reacts cleanly with formaldehyde affording Ru(OAc)2(CO)(DiPPF) (3) in high yield. The monocarbonyl complex 3 (0.4‐2 mol %) efficiently catalyzes the N‐alkylation of primary and secondary alkyl and aromatic amines using primary alcohols ROH (R=Et, nPr, nBu, PhCH2) under mild reaction conditions (30–100 °C) with an alcohol/amine molar ratio of 10‐100. Formation of the monohydride RuH(OAc)(CO)(DiPPF) (4) has been observed by reaction of 3 with iPrOH in the presence of NEt3 at RT through an equilibrium reaction.
Second Generation Grp94‐Selective Inhibitors Provide Opportunities for the Inhibition of Metastatic Cancer
Authors: Crowley Vincent M. , Huard Dustin J. E. , Lieberman Raquel L. , Blagg Brian S. J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGlucose regulated protein 94 (Grp94) is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident isoform of the 90 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp90) family and its inhibition represents a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of many diseases. Modification of the first generation cis‐amide bioisostere imidazole to alter the angle between the resorcinol ring and the benzyl side chain via cis‐amide replacements produced compounds with improved Grp94 affinity and selectivity. Structure–activity relationship studies led to the discovery of compound 30, which exhibits 540 nm affinity and 73‐fold selectivity towards Grp94. Grp94 is responsible for the maturation and trafficking of proteins associated with cell signaling and motility, including select integrins. The Grp94‐selective inhibitor 30 was shown to exhibit potent anti‐migratory effects against multiple aggressive and metastatic cancers.
Identification of a Potent Phosphoinositide 3‐Kinase Pan Inhibitor Displaying a Strategic Carboxylic Acid Group and Development of Its Prodrugs
Authors: Pirali Tracey , Ciraolo Elisa , Aprile Silvio , Massarotti Alberto , Berndt Alex , Griglio Alessia , Serafini Marta , Mercalli Valentina , Landoni Clarissa , Campa Carlo Cosimo , Margaria Jean Piero , Silva Rangel L. , Grosa Giorgio , Sorba Giovanni , Williams Roger , Hirsch Emilio , Tron Gian Cesare 
Published: August 2017

AbstractActivation of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathway is a key signaling event in cancer, inflammation, and other proliferative diseases. PI3K inhibitors are already approved for some specific clinical indications, but their systemic on‐target toxicity limits their larger use. In particular, whereas toxicity is tolerable in acute treatment of life‐threatening diseases, this is less acceptable in chronic conditions. In the past, the strategy to overcome this drawback was to block selected isoforms mainly expressed in leukocytes, but redundancy within the PI3K family members challenges the effectiveness of this approach. On the other hand, decreasing exposure to selected target cells represents a so‐far unexplored alternative to circumvent systemic toxicity. In this manuscript, we describe the generation of a library of triazolylquinolones and the development of the first prodrug pan‐PI3K inhibitor.
A novel relationship for schizophrenia, bipolar and major depressive disorder Part 3: Evidence from chromosome 3 high density association screen
Authors: Chen Xing , Long Feng , Cai Bin , Chen Xiaohong , Chen Gang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFamilial clustering of schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) was systematically reported (Aukes et al, Genet Med 2012, 14, 338‐341) and convergent evidence from genetics, symptomatology, and psychopharmacology imply that there are intrinsic connections between these three major psychiatric disorders, for example, any two or even three of these disorders could co‐exist in some families. A total of 60, 838 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 3 were genotyped by Affymetrix Genome‐Wide Human SNP array 6.0 on 119 SCZ, 253 BPD (type‐I), 177 MDD patients and 1,000 controls. Thepopulation ofShandong province was formed in 14 century and believed that it belongs to homogenous population. Associated SNPs were systematically revealed and outstanding susceptibility genes (CADPS, GRM7,KALRN, LSAMP, NLGN1, PRICKLE2, ROBO2) were identified. Unexpectedly, flanking genes for the associated SNPs distinctive for BPD and/or MDD were replicated in an enlarged cohort of 986 SCZ patients. The evidence from this chromosome 3 analysis supports the notion that both of bipolar and MDD might be subtypes of schizophrenia rather than independent disease entity. Also, a similar finding was detected on chromosome 5, 6, 7, and 8 (Chen et al. Am J Transl Res 2017;9 (5):2473–2491; Curr Mol Med 2016;16(9):840–854; Behav Brain Res 2015;293:241–251; Mol Neurobiol 2016. doi: 10.1007/s12035‐016‐0102‐1). Furthermore,PRICKLE2play an important role in the pathogenesis of three major psychoses in this population.
The transcription factor Phox2b distinguishes between oral and non‐oral sensory neurons in the geniculate ganglion
Authors: Ohman‐Gault Lisa , Huang Tao , Krimm Robin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMany basic characteristics of gustatory neurons remain unknown, partly due to the absence of specific markers. Some neurons in the geniculate ganglion project to taste regions in the oral cavity, whereas others innervate the outer ear. We hypothesized that the transcription factor Phox2b would identify oral cavity‐projecting neurons in the geniculate ganglion. To test this possibility, we characterized mice in which Phox2b‐Cre mediated gene recombination labeled neurons with tdTomato. Nerve labeling revealed that all taste neurons projecting through the chorda tympani (27%) and greater superficial petrosal nerves (15%) expressed Phox2b during development, whereas non‐oral somatosensory neurons (58%) in the geniculate ganglion did not. We found tdTomato‐positive innervation within all taste buds. Most (57%) of the fungiform papillae had labeled innervation only in taste buds, whereas 43% of the fungiform papillae also had additional labeled innervation to the papilla epithelium. Chorda tympani nerve transection eliminated all labeled innervation to taste buds, but most of the additional innervation in the fungiform papillae remained. Some of these additional fibers also expressed tyrosine hydroxylase, suggesting a sympathetic origin. Consistent with this, both sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers innervating blood vessels and salivary glands contained tdTomato labeling. Phox2b‐tdTomato labels nerve fascicles in the tongue of the developing embryo and demonstrates a similar stereotyped branching pattern DiI‐labeling.
Selective synaptic connections in the retinal pathway for night vision
Authors: Beaudoin Deborah L. , Kupershtok Mania , Demb Jonathan B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe mammalian retina encodes visual information in dim light using rod photoreceptors and a specialized circuit: rods→rod bipolar cells→AII amacrine cell. The AII amacrine cell uses sign‐conserving electrical synapses to modulate ON cone bipolar cell terminals and sign‐inverting chemical (glycinergic) synapses to modulate OFF cone cell bipolar terminals; these ON and OFF cone bipolar terminals then drive the output neurons, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), following light increments and decrements, respectively. The AII amacrine cell also makes direct glycinergic synapses with certain RGCs, but it is not well established how many types receive this direct AII input. Here, we investigated functional AII amacrine→RGC synaptic connections in the retina of the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) by recording inhibitory currents from RGCs in the presence of ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) antagonists. This condition isolates a specific pathway through the AII amacrine cell that does not require iGluRs: cone→ON cone bipolar cell→AII amacrine cell→RGC. These recordings show that AII amacrine cells make direct synapses with OFF Alpha, OFF Delta and a smaller OFF transient RGC type that co‐stratifies with OFF Alpha cells. However, AII amacrine cells avoid making synapses with numerous RGC types that co‐stratify with the connected RGCs. Selective AII connections ensure that a privileged minority of RGC types receives direct input from the night‐vision pathway, independent from OFF bipolar cell activity. Furthermore, these results illustrate the specificity of retinal connections, which cannot be predicted solely by co‐stratification of dendrites and axons within the inner plexiform layer.
Designing Efficient Catalysts through Bimetallic Architecture: Rh@Pt Nanocubes as a Case Study
Authors: Harak Ethan W. , Koczkur Kallum M. , Harak Dale W. , Patton Paul , Skrabalak Sara E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBimetallic nanocatalysts often have increased activities and stabilities over their monometallic counterparts due to surface strain effects and electron transfer between the two metals. Here, we demonstrate that the performance of a nanocatalyst can be precisely manipulated in shape‐controlled nanocrystals through a bimetallic core@shell architecture. This ability is achieved in a model core@shell Rh@Pt nanocube system through control of shell thickness. The enhanced performance with thin‐shelled nanocrystals is correlated with the weakening of surface–adsorbate interactions. In these thin‐shelled Rh@Pt nanocubes, the maximum current density achieved during formic acid oxidation was over 2 times greater than that achieved with similarly sized Pt nanocubes, with a decreased CO poisoning ratio as well. The strategy employed here should also enhance the performance of many other bimetallic nanomaterials composed of more cost‐effective metals too.