bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Collaborative information seeking and expertise seeking: different discourses about similar issues
Authors: Hertzum Morten 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast research on collaborative information seeking (CIS) and expertise seeking (EXS) to identify focal themes, blind spots, and possibilities for cross-fertilization.Design/methodology/approachExisting research was reviewed. The review consisted of a content analysis of 70 (CIS) and 72 (EXS) studies with respect to the context, scope, process, and setting of CIS and EXS, supplemented with a bibliometric analysis of the references in the reviewed studies.FindingsIn CIS, the context is a group of actors collaborating on a shared task. In EXS, the information need is held by an individual but resolved by consulting other people. While the typical scope of EXS studies is source selection, CIS studies mostly concern the consultation of the sources and the use of the obtained information. CIS and EXS studies also attend differentially to the information-seeking process. Only 4 percent of the references in the reviewed studies are cited in both CIS and EXS research. The author concludes that, at present, CIS and EXS are different discourses about similar issues.Research limitations/implicationsIncreased interaction between CIS and EXS will advance research in both areas and prevent duplication of effort. Topics for future research are identified. It should be noted that the findings are limited to the 142 studies reviewed.Originality/valueBy analyzing CIS in the context of EXS, and vice versa, this study provides a fresh look at the information-seeking research that attends to collaboration.
The creation, preservation and transmission of Shuishu archives in China
Authors: Lian Zhiying 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report the results of a qualitative study exploring the conditions associated with the creation, preservation and transmission of Shuishu archives in China, and the crises today in their preservation and transmission and the reasons behind them. It also proposes activation mechanisms to shift Shuishu archives from jeopardized collective memory to preservable cultural memory.

Design/methodology/approach
Semi-structured interviews and ethnographic fieldwork were conducted over the course of a month in 2015.

Findings
The creation, preservation and transmission of Shuishu archives in the community of the Shui rely upon the community’s closed system. But this system has been broken as a result of modernization and wide use of new media in China. To preserve and transmit Shuishu archives to future generations, there needs to be mutual trust and equitable cooperation between government archives and the Shuishushi. The “cultural consciousness” of the Shui needs to be stimulated, and more members of the Shui and the whole of society need to participate in the preservation and transmission of this distinctive memory.

Practical implications
The study can provide a provocative example for education in preservation and LIS about community culture and archiving, and the preservation of social memory, identity and culture. The activation mechanisms seek to aid in the preservation and transmission of Shuishu archives and other similar community memory.

Originality/value
The study uses semi-structured interviews and ethnographic methodology to develop a rich understanding of the history and the status quo of the preservation and transmission of Shuishu archives. It redefines Shuishu archives and sheds light on the roles government archives should play in the preservation and transmission of Shuishu archives.
Preventing suicide in Montana: a community-based theatre intervention
Authors: Keller Sarah N. , Wilkinson Timothy 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThis study aims to examine whether a community-based suicide prevention project could increase willingness to seek professional help for suicidal ideation among young people.Design/methodology/approachOnline surveys were administered at baseline (n= 224) and six months post-test (n= 217), consisting of the Risk Behavior Diagnosis scale; self-report questions on suicidality; willingness to engage with suicide prevention resources; and willingness to communicate with peers, family members, teachers or counselors about suicide.FindingsA comparison of means within groups from pre- to post-test showed increases in self-efficacy for communicating about suicidal concerns with a teacher, school counselor or social worker; increases in self-efficacy for helping others; and increases in response-efficacy of interpersonal communication about suicide with a teacher, school counselor or social worker.Practical implicationsYoung adults need to be willing and able to intervene in life-threatening situations affecting their peers. In step with narrative empowerment education, personal experiences can be used to communicatively reduce peer resistance to behavior change.Originality/valueHealth communicators tend to rely on overly didactic education and awareness-raising when addressing suicide prevention. This research shows the importance of direct and personal forms of influence advocated by social marketing professionals.
New Hamiltonian equations of high accuracy for ocean waves with applications in determining wave forces on offshore structures
Authors: Wang Zhaoling 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a new approach to further obtain reduced Hamiltonian equations for certain nonlinear cases of finite amplitude.

Design/methodology/approach
Chebyshev polynomials are introduced to best approximate the primitive exact wave equations.

Findings
New results are derived for certain nonlinear cases of finite amplitude. Furthermore, ranges of applicability are determined in conjunction with the error analyses for various cases. In particular, the new structure can give a new highly accurate formula for determining the wave forces of the offshore structures.

Originality/value
New reduced Hamiltonian equations for nonlinear surface gravity waves have been derived for certain cases of finite amplitude for the first time. And the new structure can give a new highly accurate formula for determining the wave forces of offshore structures. These results extend the usual results for weakly nonlinear surface waves to nonlinear surface waves over certain finite ranges.
A review of sugar palm (Arenga pinnata): application, fibre characterisation and composites
Authors: Huzaifah M.R.M. , Sapuan S.M. , Leman Z. , Ishak M.R. , Maleque M.A. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present the review of natural fibre composites as well as a specific type of fibre, i.e., sugar palm fibre and its composites.Design/methodology/approachThe approach of this review paper is to present previous work on natural fibres and their composites. Then a review of several important aspects such as history, origin, botanic description, distribution, application and characterisation of sugar palm tree, and its fibre is presented. Finally a review of properties and characterisation of sugar palm composites is presented.FindingsFindings of this review include the potential application of natural fibres and their composites for engineering application, the use of sugar palm and its fibres, as well as the suitability of sugar palm composites in engineering application after conducting review of their performance and characterisation.Originality/valueThe value of this review is to highlight the potential of natural fibres, natural fibre composites, sugar palm, sugar palm fibres and sugar palm composites as materials for engineering applications.
A digital arbitrary size kernel convolution smart image sensor based on in-pixel pulse width processors
Authors: Habibi Mehdi , Danesh Ahmad Reza 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to propose a pulse width based, in-pixel, arbitrary size kernel convolution processor. When image sensors are used in machine vision tasks, large amount of data need to be transferred to the output and fed to a processor. Basic and low-level image processing functions such as kernel convolution is used extensively in the early stages of most machine vision tasks. These low-level functions are usually computationally extensive and if the computation is performed inside every pixel, the burden on the external processor will be greatly reduced.

Design/methodology/approach
In the proposed architecture, digital pulse width processing is used to perform kernel convolution on the image sensor data. With this approach, while the photocurrent fluctuations are expressed with changes in the pulse width of an output signal, the small processor incorporated in each pixel receives the output signal of the corresponding pixel and its neighbors and produces a binary coded output result for that specific pixel. The process is commenced in parallel among all pixels of the image sensor.

Findings
It is shown that using the proposed architecture, not only kernel convolution can be performed in the digital domain inside smart image sensors but also arbitrary kernel coefficients are obtainable simply by adjusting the sampling frequency at different phases of the processing.

Originality/value
Although in-pixel digital kernel convolution has been previously reported however with the presented approach no in-pixel analog to binary coded digital converter is required. Furthermore, arbitrary kernel coefficients and scaling can be deployed in the processing. The given architecture is a suitable choice for smart image sensors which are to be used in high-speed machine vision tasks.
Method for Rapidly Assessing the Overtopping Risk of Bridges Due to Flooding over a Large Geographic Region
Authors: Shen Yawen , Goodall Jonathan L. , Chase Steven B. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHydraulic events are a leading cause of bridge failures. While these hydraulic events are accounted for in bridge design, changing environmental and land use conditions require continual updating of this risk. For example, after a bridge has been constructed, streamflow can change in unanticipated ways as a result of land use changes, geomorphic changes, and climate change. The objective of this research was to create a screening method able to quickly and inexpensively estimate overtopping risk across a collection of bridges based on the current streamflow conditions. The method uses a geographic information system, nationally available and standardized datasets, and recent regression equations to quantify bridge vulnerability to overtopping for flooding with varying return periods. This screening method could also be used to assist decision makers in updating the Waterway Adequacy field in the National Bridge Inventory, which indicates the overtopping risk of bridges. The method was applied to a portion of the Hampton Roads region of Virginia, United States that includes 475 bridges. The results of the analysis, when combined with transportation data for bridges, aid decision makers to assign further resources to complete more detailed analyses of bridges identified as being at risk for overtopping.
An Emergency Department Observation Unit Is a Feasible Setting for Multidisciplinary Geriatric Assessments in Compliance With the Geriatric Emergency Department Guidelines
Authors: Southerland Lauren T. , Vargas Anthony J. , Nagaraj Lalitha , Gure Tanya R. , Caterino Jeffery M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Geriatric Emergency Department (ED) Guidelines recommend providing multidisciplinary geriatric assessment in the ED, but these assessments can be difficult to coordinate and may prolong length of stay. Patients who need longer than a typical ED stay can be placed in an ED observation unit (Obs Unit). We investigated the effects of offering multidisciplinary assessments for ED patients in an Obs Unit.MethodsEvaluation by a geriatric hospital consultation team, physical therapist, case manager, and/or pharmacist was made available to all Obs Unit patients. Use of any or all of these ancillary consult services could be requested by the Obs Unit physician. A retrospective chart review of random older adult Obs Unit patients was done to assess rates of consult use and interventions by these consulting teams. All patients ≥ 65 years old in our institutional review board–approved, monthly Obs Unit quality database from October 2015 through March 2017 were included.ResultsOur quality database included 221 older patients over 18 months. The mean (±SD) age was 73.3 (±6.8) years (range = 65–96 years) and 55.2% were women. The mean (±SD) observation length of stay was 14.7 (±6.5) hours. The majority (74.3%) were discharged from the Obs Unit and 72‐hour ED recidivism was 3.6%. Overall, at least one of the multidisciplinary consultant services were requested in 40.3% of patients (n = 89). Additional interventions or services were recommended in 80.0% of patients evaluated by physical therapy (32 of 40 patients), 100% of those evaluated by a pharmacist (five of five patients), 38% of those evaluated by case management (27 of 71 patients), and 100% of those evaluated by a geriatrician (eight of eight patients). Only 5.4% (n = 12) of patients were placed in observation specifically for multidisciplinary assessment; these patients had a mean (±SD) length of stay of 12.2 (±5) hours and an admission rate of 41.7%.ConclusionsIncorporating elements of multidisciplinary geriatric assessment for older patients is feasible within an observation time frame and resulted in targeted interventions. An Obs Unit is a reasonable setting to offer services in compliance with the Geriatric ED Guidelines.
Changes in thickness of central macula and retinal nerve fibre layer in severe hypertensive retinopathy: a 1‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Lee Han‐Min , Lee Woo‐Hyuk , Kim Kyong Nam , Jo Young Joon , Kim Jung Yeul 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo analyse the longitudinal changes in the thickness of the central macula and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) in patients with hypertensive retinopathy (HTNR) using spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT).MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study. We studied 18 eyes of patients with HTNR of grade IV who had been followed up for more than 1 year, and 36 normal eyes (without any relevant medical history; the control group). Antihypertensive treatment successfully normalized the blood pressure of HTNR patients. The RNFL thickness and that of the central macula of HTNR patients were measured using a Cirrus HD‐OCT instrument, and compared with those of the control group.ResultsAt 12 months of follow‐up, the mean thickness of the RNFL and central macula was significantly lower in the HTNR group than in the control group (the RNFL was measured first, and then the central macular thickness (CMT): 77.4 ± 9.1 and 233.8 ± 30.8 μm versus 94.1 ± 7.8 and 256.3 ± 28.1 μm, respectively; p < 0.05). With time, the RNFL thickness and CMT became significantly less than that at the initial diagnosis (p < 0.05).ConclusionSevere HTNR causes a decrease in the thickness of the RNFL and central macula over time. Therefore, the impact of retinal changes associated with systemic diseases such as hypertension should be considered in analysing the thicknesses of the RNFL and central macula in ocular disorders, including retina, glaucoma and neuro‐ophthalmologic diseases.
Structural basis for enzyme bifunctionality – the case of Gan1D from Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Authors: Lansky Shifra , Zehavi Arie , Belrhali Hassan , Shoham Yuval , Shoham Gil 
Published: October 2017

6‐phospho‐β‐glucosidases and 6‐phospho‐β‐galactosidases are enzymes that hydrolyze the β‐glycosidic bond between a terminal non‐reducing glucose‐6‐phosphate (Glc6P) or galactose‐6‐phosphate (Gal6P), respectively, and other organic molecules. Gan1D, a glycoside hydrolase (GH) belonging to the GH1 family, has recently been identified in a newly characterized galactan‐utilization gene cluster in the bacterium Geobacillus stearothermophilus T‐1. Gan1D has been shown to exhibit bifunctional activity, possessing both 6‐phospho‐β‐galactosidase and 6‐phospho‐β‐glucosidase activities. We report herein the complete 3D crystal structure of Gan1D, together with its acid/base catalytic mutant Gan1D‐E170Q. The tertiary structure of Gan1D conforms well to the (β/α)8 TIM‐barrel fold commonly observed in GH enzymes, and its quaternary structure adopts a dimeric assembly, confirmed by gel‐filtration and small‐angle X‐ray scattering results. We present also the structures of Gan1D in complex with the putative substrate cellobiose‐6‐phosphate (Cell6P) and the degradation products Glc6P and Gal6P. These complexes reveal the specific enzyme‐substrate and enzyme‐product binding interactions of Gan1D, and the residues involved in its glycone, aglycone, and phosphate binding sites. We show that the different ligands trapped in the active sites adopt different binding modes to the protein, providing a structural basis for the dual galactosidase/glucosidase activity observed for this enzyme. Based on this information, specific mutations were performed on one of the active site residues (W433), shifting the enzyme specificity from dual activity to a significant preference toward 6‐phospho‐β‐glucosidase activity. These data and their comparison with structural data of related glucosidases and galactosidases are used for a more general discussion on the structure–function relationships in this sub‐group of GH1 enzymes.DatabasesAtomic coordinates of Gan1D‐wild‐type (WT)‐P1, Gan1D‐WT‐C2, Gan1D‐E170Q, Gan1D‐WT‐Gal6P, Gan1D‐WT‐Glc6P, and Gan1D‐E170Q‐Cell6P have been deposited in the Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics (RCSB) Protein Data Bank, under accession codes 5OKB, 5OKJ/5OKH, 5OKA/5OK7, 5OKQ/5OKK, 5OKS/5OKR, and 5OKG/5OKE, respectively.
The relative contribution of river network structure and anthropogenic stressors to spatial patterns of genetic diversity in two freshwater fishes: A multiple‐stressors approach
Authors: Prunier Jérôme G. , Dubut Vincent , Loot Géraldine , Tudesque Loïc , Blanchet Simon 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Recent findings highlighted the central role of the structure of the river network in shaping spatial patterns of genetic diversity in riverscapes. However, the influence of multiple anthropogenic stressors on these patterns may be just as important and the relative impacts of these two types of predictors have rarely been quantified simultaneously in river networks. Here, we contributed to filling this gap by investigating the relative contribution of both network structure and multiple anthropogenic stressors in shaping spatial patterns of genetic diversity in two freshwater fishes (Gobio occitaniae and Phoxinus phoxinus).

We focused on two rivers in which the two fish species were sampled along the upstream–downstream gradient. Microsatellite markers were used to quantify genetic diversity from three indices: allelic richness, private allelic richness and genetic uniqueness. Each sampling site was physically characterised according to its position in the network, and was described for multiple anthropogenic stressors including habitat degradation, fragmentation and stocking. This multiple‐stressors approach was conducted using a fully explicit and generalisable analytical framework designed to cope with strong collinearity among environmental variables.

Overall, the contribution of network structure to the variance in genetic diversity was 1.8 times higher than the contribution of anthropogenic stressors. Both the position of sites along the upstream–downstream gradient and stocking were strong and consistent drivers of genetic variability. Conversely, the local influences of habitat degradation and fragmentation were species‐ and river‐specific, sometimes even varying along the river channel, thus preventing any generalisations.

We concluded that the natural structure of networks and stocking strongly influence spatial patterns of genetic diversity in a predictable way, whereas the influence of other human activities may be much more difficult to predict over species and contexts.
Heterogeneity and Spatial Dependence of Regional Growth in the EU: A Recursive Partitioning Approach
Authors: Wagner Martin , Zeileis Achim 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe use model-based recursive partitioning to assess heterogeneity of growth and convergence processes based on economic growth regressions for 255 European Union NUTS2 regions from 1995 to 2005. Spatial dependencies are taken into account by augmenting the model-based regression tree with a spatial lag. The starting point of the analysis is a human-capital-augmented Solow-type growth equation similar in spirit to Mankiw et al. (1992, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 107, 407-437). Initial GDP and the share of highly educated in the working age population are found to be important for explaining economic growth, whereas the investment share in physical capital is only significant for coastal regions in the PIIGS countries. For all considered spatial weight matrices recursive partitioning leads to a regression tree with four terminal nodes with partitioning according to (i) capital regions, (ii) non-capital regions in or outside the so-called PIIGS countries and (iii) inside the respective PIIGS regions furthermore between coastal and non-coastal regions. The choice of the spatial weight matrix clearly influences the spatial lag parameter while the estimated slope parameters are very robust to it. This indicates that accounting for heterogeneity is an important aspect of modeling regional economic growth and convergence.
Age and prostate volume are risk factors for transient urinary incontinence after transurethral enucleation with bipolar for benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Hirasawa Yosuke , Kato Yuji , Fujita Kiichiro 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate the predictive factors for transient urinary incontinence after transurethral enucleation with bipolar.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 584 patients who underwent transurethral enucleation with bipolar between December 2011 and September 2016 operated by a single surgeon. Urinary incontinence after transurethral enucleation with bipolar was defined as involuntary leakage of urine that required the use of pads. It was evaluated at 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after transurethral enucleation with bipolar. We defined transient urinary incontinence as urinary incontinence persisting up to 1 month after transurethral enucleation with bipolar. Based on independent risk factors identified by a multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis, a nomogram to predict transient urinary incontinence was developed.ResultsOf the 584 patients, 17.3%, 13.5%, 3.1%, 0.41%, and 0% patients had urinary incontinence at 1 week, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after transurethral enucleation with bipolar, respectively. The mean (±standard error) age was 69.6 ± 0.26 years, estimated prostate volume was 54.7 ± 0.91 cm3, operative time was 58.0 ± 1.1 min and the prostate specimen weight was 30.6 ± 0.69 g. On univariate analysis, age, prostate volume estimated by transrectal ultrasonography, prostate‐specific antigen, prostate specimen weight, operative time, prostate specimen weight/prostate volume and prostate specimen weight/operative time were significant predictive factors for transient urinary incontinence after transurethral enucleation with bipolar. On multivariate analysis, age (hazard ratio 1.07, P‐value = 0.0034) and prostate volume (hazard ratio 1.03, P‐value < 0.0001) were independent risk factors for transient urinary incontinence after transurethral enucleation with bipolar.ConclusionsAge and prostate volume estimated by transrectal ultrasonography seem to represent significant independent risk factors for transient urinary incontinence after transurethral enucleation with bipolar. This should be well discussed with the patient before surgery.