bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Titanium complexes bearing amine bis(phenolate) ligands: Synthesis, structure and catalysis in ring‐opening polymerization of lactide
Authors: Wang Baolong , Zhang Jianing , Zhao Huanqin , Huang He , Zheng Junpei , Wang Liying , Sun Junmin , Zhang Yongfeng , Cao Zhenzhu 
Published: December 2016

Monomeric bis(isopropoxy) titanium complexes LTi(OiPr)2 (L = ─OC6H2–4‐R1–6‐R2–2‐CH2N[(CH2)2N(R3)2]CH2–4‐R4–6‐R5‐C6H2O─, R1 = R2 = tBu, R3 = Et, R4 = R5 = Cl, (L1)Ti(OiPr)2; R1 = R2 = Me, R3 = Et, R4 = R5 = Me, (L2)Ti(OiPr)2; R1 = R2 = tBu, R3 = Et, R4 = OMe, R5 = tBu, (L3)Ti(OiPr)2; R1 = R4 = OMe, R3 = Et, R2 = R5 = tBu, (L4)Ti(OiPr)2; R1 = R2 = tBu, R3 = Me, R4 = OMe, R5 = tBu, (L5)Ti(OiPr)2) supported by amine bis(phenolate) ligands were synthesized and characterized using NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The solid‐state structure of (L3)Ti(OiPr)2 was determined using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. (L1–5)Ti(OiPr)2 were all found to initiate the ring‐opening polymerization of l‐lactide and rac‐lactide in a controlled manner at 110–160°C. As shown by kinetic studies, (L1)Ti(OiPr)2 polymerized l‐lactide faster than did (L2–5)Ti(OiPr)2. In addition, good number‐average molecular weight and narrow polydispersity index (1.00–1.71) of polymers were also obtained. The microstructure of the polymers and a possible mechanism of coordination–insertion of polymerization were evidenced by MALDI‐TOF and 1H NMR spectra of the polylactides.
Inhibitory effect of ezetimibe can be prevented by an administration interval of 4 h between α‐tocopherol and ezetimibe
Authors: Nashimoto Shunsuke , Sato Yuki , Takekuma Yoh , Sugawara Mitsuru 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTocopherol is used not only as an ethical drug but also as a supplement. In 2008, it was reported that α‐tocopherol is partly transported via an intestinal cholesterol transporter, Niemann‐Pick C1‐Like 1 (NPC1L1). Ezetimibe, a selective inhibitor of NPC1L1, is administered for a long time to inhibit cholesterol absorption and there is a possibility that the absorption of α‐tocopherol is also inhibited by ezetimibe. This study investigated the influence of ezetimibe on the absorption of α‐tocopherol with single administration and long‐term administration. An approach to avoid its undesirable consequence was also examined. α‐Tocopherol (10 mg/kg) and ezetimibe (0.1 mg/kg) were administered to rats, and the plasma concentration profiles of α‐tocopherol and tissue concentrations were investigated. The plasma concentration of α‐tocopherol was decreased by the combination use of ezetimibe in the case of concurrent single administration. On the other hand, inhibition of the absorption of α‐tocopherol was prevented by an administration interval of 4 h. In a group of rats administered for 2 months with a 4 h interval, not only the plasma concentration but also the liver concentration was increased compared with those in a group with concurrent combination intake of α‐tocopherol and ezetimibe. The absorption of α‐tocopherol was inhibited by ezetimibe. The inhibitory effect of ezetimibe can be prevented by an administration interval of 4 h, although ezetimibe is a medicine of enterohepatic circulation. Attention should be paid to the use of ezetimibe and components of NPC1L1 substrates such as α‐tocopherol. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a highly selective colorimetric and fluorometric sensor for hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Ren Kui , Shang Xuefang , Chen Yanmei , Zhang Xueli , Fu Jiajia , Zhao Peipei , Zhang Jinlian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA novel Cu(II) complex chemosensor for hydrogen sulfide with azo as the colorimetric group has been synthesized. The complex and ligand crystals were obtained and the molecular structures were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and Electrospray ionization High resolution mass spectrometer (ESI‐HRMS). The photophysical and recognition properties were examined. The complex can recognize S2−, with an obvious color change from yellow to red based on a copper ion complex displacement mechanism. By contrast, no obvious changes were observed in the presence of other anions (AcO−, H2PO4−, F−, Cl−, Br− and I−). We present a simple, easily prepared, yet efficient, inorganic reaction‐based sensor for the detection of S2−. The complex should have many chemical and analytical applications in the sensing of hydrogen sulfide.
Pinecone of Pinus koraiensis Inducing Apoptosis in Human Lung Cancer Cells by Activating Caspase‐3 and its Chemical Constituents
Authors: Lee Tae Kyoung , Roh Hyun‐Soo , Yu Jae Sik , Baek Jiwon , Lee Seul , Ra Moonjin , Kim Sun Young , Baek Kwan‐Hyuck , Kim Ki Hyun 
Published: December 2016

Pinecones from Pinus koraiensisSiebold & Zucc. (Pinaceae), which have historically been treated as an undesired waste by‐product in the processing of seeds, have recently been shown to contain ingredients with potent biological activities, such as polyphenols exhibiting antitumor activity. With this study, we seek to broaden our understanding of antitumor compounds contained in these pinecones beyond just polyphenols. We found that the water extract of P. koraiensis pinecones exhibits significant cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.62 to 1.73 mg/ml in four human lung cancer cell lines, A549, H1264, H1299, and Calu‐6, irrespective of their p53 status. We also demonstrate that pinecone water extract induces apoptosis associated with caspase‐3 activation in the same cancer cell lines. Chemical investigation of the pinecone water extract revealed eight main components (1 – 8), and their structures were identified as dehydroabietic acid (1), 15‐hydroxy‐7‐oxodehydroabietic acid (2), 7β,15‐dihydroxydehydroabietic acid (3), β‐d‐glucopyranosyl labda‐8(17,13)‐diene‐(15,16)‐lactone‐19‐oate (4), 7α,15‐dihydroxydehydroabietic acid (5), (+)‐(1S,2S,4R)‐limonene‐1,2‐diol (6), sobrerol (7), and 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (8). These findings suggest a novel biological application of P. koraiensis pinecones in combatting human lung cancer, and further identify the major compounds that could contribute to this anticancer activity.
Graphene/V2O5Cryogel Composite As a High‐Energy Cathode Material For Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Maroni Fabio , Birrozzi Agnese , Carbonari Gilberto , Croce Fausto , Tossici Roberto , Passerini Stefano , Nobili Francesco 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis work reports the synthesis and characterization of an amorphous V2O5cryogel/graphene nanosheet composite as a high‐performance cathode material. The optimization of electrode processing is conducted by using the environmentally friendly poly acrylic acid as the binder and ethanol as the solvent. The nanocomposite material shows outstanding capacity values, exceeding 300 mAhg−1reversible capacity upon galvanostatic cycling tests at 280 mAg−1(C/2 charge/discharge rate), and more than 100 mAhg−1at 5600 mAg−1(10C). A subsequent electrochemical impedance spectroscopy study gives useful insights into the cathode/electrolyte interface.
Antianginal medications and long‐term outcomes after elective catheterization in patients with coronary artery disease
Authors: Shen Lan , Vavalle John P. , Broderick Samuel , Shaw Linda K. , Douglas Pamela S. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundAntianginal medications are a class I recommendation by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines for stable ischemic heart disease. We sought to better understand guidance in drug selection and real‐life outcomes of antianginal medication use.HypothesisIn patients with stable ischemic heart disease, antianginal medications lower mortality.MethodsWe evaluated 5608 patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) on elective cardiac catheterization with follow‐up through self‐administered questionnaires. Patients were classified as being prescribed a particular medication if they received that medication at index catheterization, or within 3 months postcatheterization. The association between antianginal medication use and outcomes was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsCompared with the 11% not prescribed any antianginal medication, patients prescribed antianginal medication were more likely to be older and female; have a history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, peripheral vascular disease, or 3‐vessel CAD; have lower adjusted mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.63‐0.89); and experience mortality or myocardial infarction (HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71‐0.98). Compared with patients not taking β‐blockers (17%), those taking β‐blockers had a lower risk of mortality (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.66‐0.88). Patients prescribed calcium channel blockers or long‐acting nitrates had a higher risk of mortality compared with nonusers (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.04‐1.29; HR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.08‐1.34; respectively).ConclusionsAntianginal medications are not universally prescribed among obstructive CAD patients; nonuse was associated with higher mortality. For CAD patients with or without prior myocardial infarction, β‐blockers were associated with improved long‐term survival.
Patterns and predictors of lipid‐lowering therapy in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes mellitus in 2014: Insights from a large US managed‐care population
Authors: Steen Dylan L. , Khan Irfan , Becker Laura , Foody JoAnne M. , Gorcyca Katherine , Sanchez Robert J. , Giugliano Robert P. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundLowering low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol with statins reduces risk of cardiovascular events. We examined patterns and predictors of filled prescriptions for lipid‐lowering therapy (LLT) in subgroups of patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and/or diabetes mellitus (DM).HypothesisStatin treatment remains underutilized across subgroups of high CV risk patients.MethodsPatients in the Optum Research Database with these criteria were included: age ≥20 years, 2 years continuous enrollment, and ASCVD and/or DM. Patients were hierarchically classified by the presence of recent acute coronary syndrome, other coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, peripheral arterial disease (PAD), or only DM. Predictors of filled LLT regimens were examined using multinomial logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1 055 932 individuals met all inclusion criteria. Evidence by point‐in‐time analysis of filled (not only written) statin prescriptions was 45% for the overall cohort. By subgroups, this was 62%, 52%, 43%, 36%, and 40% for recent acute coronary syndrome, other coronary heart disease, ischemic stroke, PAD, and only DM, respectively. Predictors of higher rates of any statin regimen included age 50 to 69 years, male sex, absence of comorbidities, and filled prescriptions of other standard‐of‐care therapies.ConclusionsIn 2014, only 49% of patients with ASCVD and 40% with only DM had evidence for a filled statin prescription. Those with indications of ischemic stroke, PAD, and DM were less likely to receive statins than those with coronary conditions. Other characteristics such as advanced age, female sex, and noncardiac conditions predicted less statin utilization, thereby representing good targets for quality improvement.
Towards a molecular architecture of the centrosome in Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Morlon‐Guyot Juliette , Francia Maria E. , Dubremetz Jean‐François , Daher Wassim 
Published: December 2016

AbstractToxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis. The pathogenicity of this unicellular parasite is tightly linked to its ability to efficiently proliferate within its host. Tachyzoites, the fast dividing form of the parasite, divide by endodyogeny. This process involves a single round of DNA replication, closed nuclear mitosis, and assembly of two daughter cells within a mother. The successful completion of endodyogeny relies on the temporal and spatial coordination of a plethora of simultaneous events. It has been shown that the Toxoplasma centrosome serves as signaling hub which nucleates spindle microtubules during mitosis and organizes the scaffolding of daughter cells components during cytokinesis. In addition, the centrosome is essential for inheriting both the apicoplast (a chloroplast‐like organelle) and the Golgi apparatus. A growing body of evidence supports the notion that the T. gondii centrosome diverges in protein composition, structure and organization from its counterparts in higher eukaryotes making it an attractive source of potentially druggable targets. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on T. gondii centrosomal proteins and extend the putative centrosomal protein repertoire by in silico identification of mammalian centrosomal protein orthologs. We propose a working model for the organization and architecture of the centrosome in Toxoplasma parasites. Experimental validation of our proposed model will uncover how each predicted protein translates into the biology of centrosome, cytokinesis, karyokinesis, and organelle inheritance in Toxoplasma parasites.
Pioglitazone together with imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia: A proof of concept study
Authors: Rousselot Philippe , Prost Stéphane , Guilhot Joelle , Roy Lydia , Etienne Gabriel , Legros Laurence , Charbonnier Aude , Coiteux Valérie , Cony‐Makhoul Pascale , Huguet Francoise , Cayssials Emilie , Cayuela Jean‐Michel , Relouzat Francis , Delord Marc , Bruzzoni‐Giovanelli Heriberto , Morisset Laure , Mahon François‐Xavier , Guilhot François , Leboulch Philippe ,   on behalf of the French CML Group
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUNDWe recently reported that peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ agonists target chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) quiescent stem cells in vitro by decreasing transcription of STAT5. Here in the ACTIM phase 2 clinical trial, we asked whether pioglitazone add‐on therapy to imatinib would impact CML residual disease, as assessed by BCR‐ABL1 transcript quantification.METHODSCML patients were eligible if treated with imatinib for at least 2 years at a stable daily dose, having yielded major molecular response (MMR) but not having achieved molecular response 4.5 (MR4.5) defined by BCR‐ABL1/ABL1IS RNA levels ≤ 0.0032%. After inclusion, patients started pioglitazone at a dosage of 30 to 45 mg/day in addition to imatinib. The primary objective was to evaluate the cumulative incidence of patients having progressed from MMR to MR4.5 over 12 months.RESULTSTwenty‐four patients were included (age range, 24‐79 years). No pharmacological interaction was observed between the drugs. The main adverse events were weight gain in 12 patients and a mean decrease of 0.4 g/dL in hemoglobin concentration. The cumulative incidence of MR4.5 was 56% (95% confidence interval, 37%‐76%) by 12 months, despite a wide range of therapy duration (1.9‐15.5 months), and 88% of 17 evaluable patients who were still on imatinib reached MR4.5 by 48 months. The cumulative incidence of MMR to MR4.5 spontaneous conversions over 12 months was estimated to be 23% with imatinib alone in a parallel cohort of patients.CONCLUSIONPioglitazone in combination with imatinib was well tolerated and yielded a favorable 56% rate. These results provide a proof of concept needing confirmation within a randomized clinical trial (EudraCT 2009‐011675‐79). Cancer 2017;123:1791–1799. © 2016 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
Factors predicting skeletal‐related events in patients with bone metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Klaassen Zachary , Howard Lauren E. , de Hoedt Amanda , Amling Christopher L. , Aronson William J. , Cooperberg Matthew R. , Kane Christopher J. , Terris Martha K. , Freedland Stephen J. 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUNDSkeletal‐related events (SREs) are common complications of bone metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). To the authors' knowledge, there are limited data regarding which factors predict SREs. The authors identified risk factors for SREs in men with bone mCRPC using characteristics commonly available in the medical record.METHODSData from 454 patients with nonmetastatic CRPC were identified from 2 Veteran Affairs Medical Centers from 2000 through 2013. Among these men, 233 (51%) developed bone metastases during follow‐up and represented the study cohort. First occurrence of an SRE was abstracted from the medical records. A stepwise multivariable Cox model was used to select the strongest predictors of time to SRE.RESULTSThe median age of the patients at the time of diagnosis of bone mCRPC was 75 years (interquartile range, 68‐81 years), and there were 153 nonblack patients (66%). During follow‐up (median, 7.8 months [interquartile range, 2.9‐18.3 months]), 88 patients (38%) had an SRE. On univariable analysis, more recent year of metastasis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91), prostate‐specific antigen doubling time of ≥9 months versus <9 months (HR, 0.50), and bone pain (HR, 3.34) were all found to be associated with SRE risk. On multivariable analysis, year of metastasis (HR, 0.93), biopsy Gleason score of 7 versus ≤6 (HR, 1.74), radiotherapy as the primary localized treatment versus none (HR, 2.33), and bone pain (HR, 3.64) were associated with SRE risk. The area under the curve for a multivariable model based upon these risk factors was 0.744.CONCLUSIONSThe authors identified several significant predictors of SREs among men with mCRPC. In particular, men with bone pain are at high risk of an SRE. If confirmed, future trials should focus on prolonging life and reducing SRE risk in patients with mCRPC with bone pain. Cancer 2017;123:1528–1535. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Crystal Engineering of a Two‐Dimensional Lead‐Free Perovskite with Functional Organic Cations by Second‐Sphere Coordination
Authors: Cortecchia Daniele , Soci Cesare , Cametti Massimo , Petrozza Annamaria , Martí‐Rujas Javier 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInvited for this month's cover are collaborators from the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nanyang Technological University, and Politecnico di Milano. The cover picture shows the 2 D layered nature of lead‐free perovskite having a functional organic cation. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201600477.
Effects of dams and geomorphic context on riparian forests of the Elwha River, Washington
Authors: Shafroth Patrick B. , Perry Laura G. , Rose Chanoane A. , Braatne Jeffrey H. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how dams affect the shifting habitat mosaic of river bottomlands is key for protecting the many ecological functions and related goods and services that riparian forests provide and for informing approaches to riparian ecosystem restoration. We examined the downstream effects of two large dams on patterns of forest composition, structure, and dynamics within different geomorphic contexts and compared them to upstream reference conditions along the Elwha River, Washington, USA. Patterns of riparian vegetation in river segments downstream of the dams were driven largely by channel and bottomland geomorphic responses to a dramatically reduced sediment supply. The river segment upstream of both dams was the most geomorphically dynamic, whereas the segment between the dams was the least dynamic due to substantial channel armoring, and the segment downstream of both dams was intermediate due to some local sediment supply. These geomorphic differences were linked to altered characteristics of the shifting habitat mosaic, including older forest age structure and fewer young Populus balsamifera subsp. trichocarpa stands in the relatively static segment between the dams compared to more extensive early‐successional forests (dominated by Alnus rubra and Salix spp.) and pioneer seedling recruitment upstream of the dams. Species composition of later‐successional forest communities varied among river segments as well, with greater Pseudotsuga menziesii and Tsuga heterophylla abundance upstream of both dams, Acer spp. abundance between the dams, and P. balsamifera subsp. trichocarpa and Thuja plicata abundance below both dams. Riparian forest responses to the recent removal of the two dams on the Elwha River will depend largely on channel and geomorphic adjustments to the release, transport, and deposition of the large volume of sediment formerly stored in the reservoirs, together with changes in large wood dynamics.
Etiology, syndrome diagnosis, and cognition in childhood‐onset epilepsy: A population‐based study
Authors: Sokka Arja , Olsen Päivi , Kirjavainen Jarkko , Harju Maijakaisa , Keski‐Nisula Leea , Räisänen Sari , Heinonen Seppo , Kälviäinen Reetta 
Published: December 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence of various etiologies of epilepsies and epilepsy syndromes and to estimate cognitive function in cases of childhood‐onset epilepsy.MethodsA population‐based retrospective registry study. We identified all medically treated children with epilepsy born in 1989–2007 in Finland's Kuopio University Hospital catchment area, combining data from the birth registry and the national registry of special‐reimbursement medicines. We reevaluated the epilepsy diagnoses and syndromes and gathered data on etiologies and cognitive impairment.ResultsWe identified 289 children with epilepsy. The annual incidence rate of epilepsies and epilepsy syndromes was 38 in 100,000, and the misdiagnosis rate was 3%. A specific etiology was identified in 65% of the cases, with a structural etiology accounting for 29% and a genetic or presumed genetic etiology for 32%. Most patients with unknown‐etiology epilepsy had focal epilepsy and were of normal intelligence. Intellectual disability was detected in 35% of cases, and only 17% in this group had an unknown etiology for the epilepsy. Electroclinical syndromes (mainly West syndrome) were recognized in 35% of the patients.SignificanceEpilepsy is a complex disease that encompasses many etiologies and rare syndromes. The etiology and specific epilepsy syndrome are important determinants of the outcome and key factors in treatment selection. Etiological diagnosis can be achieved for the majority of children and syndromic diagnosis for only a third.