bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Spring Model for Pullout Behavior of Curved, Flexible Structures Embedded in Soil
Authors: Burrall Matthew , DeJong Jason T. , Martinez Alejandro , Kwon Tae‐Hyuk 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe shape and flexibility of embedded structures, such as tree roots, piles, and anchors, have important impacts on the pullout behavior. However, the rate and manner of mobilization of soil resistances along such structures has not been rigorously explored across a wide range of shapes and structural properties. A spring model for computing compatible displacements of the structure and soil for curved, flexible structures is defined, validated against commonly used methods for computing pile pullout behavior, and then parametrically explored to demonstrate how resistances are mobilized along the length of such structures. The present model allows description of combined axial and transverse loading of these nonlinear structures. The simulation results for the case of normally consolidated clay show that the curvature of a structure causes the distribution of bearing resistance to extend further along the structure than for linear cases. The requirement of equilibrium of the structure produces a coupling between the mobilized bearing and tensile resistance in terms of rate of development and magnitude. Thus, the choices of structure shape impact the magnitude and distribution of mobilized resistance of embedded flexible structures. Implications for anchorage of tree root structures and principles of bioinspired design of anchorage systems are discussed.
Computational Simulation and Experimental Analysis on Wearing Mechanisms of Gypsum and Concrete Samples in Pin‐on‐Disk ASTM Abrasion Testing
Authors: Fu Jinwei , Sarfarazi Vahab , Haeri Hadi , Tolaminejad Behzad , Abharian Soheil , Rasekh Haleh , Khandelwal Manoj , Fatehi Marji Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMechanical excavation machines, like continuous miners and road headers, have been broadly used in tunneling and underground and surface mines. The disc cutters are seated on the different cutter heads’ to cut different parts of the tunnel face. With the increase in the cutters’ size and power, the cutting disc cutters’ capacity has been extended to cut moderate and tough rock types. This experimental and numerical research includes the application of, “Pin‐on‐Disk” ASTM abrasion testing, in which the failure mechanism of an interface between both the rock‐like samples and (WC–Co) tungsten carbide has been investigated under different confining pressures. The research aims to investigate the wear mechanism of gypsum and concrete samples. The Particle Flow Code in three dimensions (PFC3D) was used for test simulations concurrently with the experimental setup. A drilling pin with a diameter of 0.4 m was positioned above the model. The pin was inserted into the model at speeds of 0.01 mm/s at depths of 1, 3, and 5 m. A total of nine lab tests were conducted. The tensile strength of the material was 2.5 MPa. The results show that the values of volume lost for the gypsum and concrete discs were detected as a function of sliding length, fitting to non‐linear behavior. The wearing depth increased by increasing the loading force. Under constant loading force, the gypsum sample wears more than the concrete sample because gypsum is less strong than concrete. The PFC generates useful findings that experimental tests cannot provide.
ChatGPT Generated Otorhinolaryngology Multiple‐Choice Questions: Quality, Psychometric Properties, and Suitability for Assessments
Authors: Lotto Cecilia , Sheppard Sean C. , Anschuetz Wilma , Stricker Daniel , Molinari Giulia , Huwendiek Sören , Anschuetz Lukas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer's (ChatGPT's) capability to create multiple‐choice questions about otorhinolaryngology (ORL).Study DesignExperimental question generation and exam simulation.SettingTertiary academic center.MethodsChatGPT 3.5 was prompted: “Can you please create a challenging 20‐question multiple‐choice questionnaire about clinical cases in otolaryngology, offering five answer options?.” The generated questionnaire was sent to medical students, residents, and consultants. Questions were investigated regarding quality criteria. Answers were anonymized and the resulting data was analyzed in terms of difficulty and internal consistency.ResultsChatGPT 3.5 generated 20 exam questions of which 1 question was considered off‐topic, 3 questions had a false answer, and 3 questions had multiple correct answers. Subspecialty theme repartition was as follows: 5 questions were on otology, 5 about rhinology, and 10 questions addressed head and neck. The qualities of focus and relevance were good while the vignette and distractor qualities were low. The level of difficulty was suitable for undergraduate medical students (n = 24), but too easy for residents (n = 30) or consultants (n = 10) in ORL. Cronbach's α was highest (.69) with 15 selected questions using students' results.ConclusionChatGPT 3.5 is able to generate grammatically correct simple ORL multiple choice questions for a medical student level. However, the overall quality of the questions was average, needing thorough review and revision by a medical expert to ensure suitability in future exams.
The impact of language discordance on pediatric cancer care outcomes: A systematic review
Authors: Robles Joanna M. , Ruiz Jenny , Correa Ramon , Dinescu‐Munoz Nicole , Patel Chandni , Noyd David , Alvarez Monica , Frost Erin , Ledbetter Leila , LeBlanc Thomas W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLanguage discordance between clinicians and families in pediatrics has been associated with adverse events and lower quality of care. We aimed to summarize the existing literature evaluating the impact of language discordance among healthcare professionals and families within pediatric oncology by conducting a systematic review. Of 8364 studies, 43 studies met eligibility for inclusion in this review. These studies highlight the impact of language discordance on pediatric cancer care outcomes, including communication challenges, obstacles to research participation, and potentially higher risk disease features at presentation. Healthcare professionals endorsed inconsistent professional interpreter use and lack of formal training on communicating via interpreters. Interventions to address barriers to language‐appropriate care are sparse. Further research is warranted to design and implement interventions promoting language justice and provision of high‐quality, equitable pediatric cancer care for all families.
Adherence outcomes of a liquid hydroxyurea delivery program in a pediatric population
Authors: Sacta Maria A. , Sarvode Supriya , Kehasse Amanuel , Mothi Suraj Sarvode , Shah Bhavesh , Sobota Amy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundHydroxyurea remains underutilized in the pediatric sickle cell population despite its well‐known efficacy in decreasing sickle cell complications and hospitalizations. Access to refills and liquid formulation remains a critical barrier to adherence to hydroxyurea regimens. This study was undertaken to determine the clinical impact of home‐delivering compounded liquid hydroxyurea (LHU) to pediatric patients with sickle cell disease.Procedure/methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using electronic health records and pharmacy databases. Pediatric patients younger than 21 years of age at the time of hydroxyurea initiation from March 2016 to July 2020 who received compounded LHU from Boston Medical Center Pharmacy were included. The primary outcomes of the study were drug adherence (assessed by evaluating the proportion of days covered [PDC]), rates of acute care utilization before and after enrolling in the LHU delivery program.ResultsThe final cohort included 41 patients, showing a significant decrease in hospitalizations (p = .01) and acute chest syndrome episodes (p = .03) after the initiation of the LHU delivery program. In comparing hydroxyurea‐naïve patients with those previously exposed to hydroxyurea, the latter group had lower hospitalization rates (p = .01), fewer vaso‐occlusive event (VOE) episodes (p = .02), and fewer emergency department (ED) visits (p = .01). The median PDC value 1 year post initiation of LHU was 95.ConclusionsHome delivery of compounded LHU from the pharmacy to pediatric sickle cell disease patients improved access to hydroxyurea, and was linked to reduced hospitalizations and acute chest syndrome episodes. This advancement in cost savings and improved patient outcomes is a significant step forward in pediatric hematology. By overcoming access barriers, home delivery programs can greatly enhance outcomes among pediatric patients with sickle cell disease.
Synthesis of boron nitride@copper oxide‐based light‐curing resin composites: Investigating mechanical and antibacterial properties
Authors: Li Shuya , Liu Dawei , Shi Zegang , Yu Wenyi , Yang Tingting , Bai Yufeng , He Tianlu , Peng Tai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the improvement of health awareness, people have higher expectations for environmental safety, especially in public areas that are inevitably exposed to in daily life. This study focuses on developing a novel inorganic filler, hydroxylated boron nitride nanorods (BNNR‐OH) loaded with copper oxide (CuO) (BNNR‐OH@CuO), to enhance light‐curing resin’ antibacterial and mechanical properties. BNNR‐OH@CuO was synthesized by hydrothermal method. X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) were used to characterize the crystal structure, surface morphology and bonding composition of the prepared nanocomposites. In addition, the complex was evaluated and compared for antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram‐negative, such as Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. Recreciprocating friction wear testing machine and electronic universal testing machine are used to detect the friction properties and tensile strength of the complex. The results showed that the resin sample doped with BNNR‐OH@CuO‐3 (the molar ratio of BNNR‐OH to Cu2+ is 0.75:1) had strong antibacterial properties, and achieved 99.9% and 93.3% against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively. Compared with the pure resin sample, the friction coefficient of the doped BNNR‐OH@CuO‐3 resin sample is increased by 70%, the wear spot diameter is reduced by 12.2%, the tensile strength and the elongation at break are increased by 25% and 21.6%, respectively. This study, therefore, presents a significant stride toward the innovation in light‐curing resin applications.Highlights
The BNNR‐OH@CuO composite was successfully prepared.
The antibacterial rate of the composite against E. coli was 99.9%.
The antibacterial rate of the composite against S. aureus was 93.3%.
Friction coefficient rose 70%, wear point diameter fell 12.2%.
Tensile strength and elongation of the composite increased by 25% and 21.6%.
Investigation of high‐strain rate behavior of shear thickening fluid encapsulated electrospun ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene/high‐density polyethylene fiber composites by split‐Hopkinson pressure bar
Authors: Nayak Prajesh , Ghosh Anup K. , Bhatnagar Naresh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study examines the high‐strain rate behavior of shear thickening fluid (STF)‐encapsulated samples of an electrospun mat. It comprises sandwich layers of STF‐impregnated ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) mat enclosed within high‐temperature stretched electrospun neat UHMWPE fabric. The UHMWPE/HDPE mat was chosen for STF impregnation due to its porosity and the texture of its fiber surface, which contains pores, pits, wrinkles, and grooves ranging in size from nano‐ to micron‐scale. This feature enhances the adhesion and absorption of STF into the fiber structure and onto the fiber surface. These STF‐contained and corresponding neat samples were tested using an in‐house‐designed split‐Hopkinson pressure bar. The deformation and fracture behavior of samples were also monitored simultaneously using a high‐speed camera. The results showed that at a higher strain rate, the peak stress and energy absorption of STF‐encapsulated samples were more elevated due to increased inter‐fiber friction, unlike neat samples, which show a declining trend in peak stress and energy absorption due to yarn slippage. Moreover, the deformation during impact in neat samples was higher than in the STF‐encapsulated samples.Highlights
Electrospun ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene and its HDPE blended fibers
Interconnected pores and pits facilitated shear thickening fluid (STF) impregnation.
STF‐encapsulation improved peak stress and toughness at high‐strain rates.
Effect of diffusion limitation on the kinetics of epoxy‐amine curing reaction
Authors: Chen Huanhuan , Zhou Juan , Chen Liping , Chen Wanghua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe reaction kinetics and mechanism are prone to affect the properties of the epoxy resins. However, achieving a comprehensive understanding of the curing kinetics presents a challenge, attributed to the multistage exothermic characteristic and the complex viscosity growth regime. This study investigated the kinetics and the rheological characteristics of the curing process of diglycid ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and dimethyldicyane (DMDC) with varying content of xylene. The results indicate that diffusion limitation of the epoxy‐amine system is effectively mitigated with increasing xylene content, which results in a higher curing degree and released energy. Subsequently, the density functional theory method was used to investigate the molecular‐level mechanism underlying the epoxy‐amine curing reaction. The interaction between hydroxyl groups and epoxides lowers the energy barrier during the curing, thus there are autocatalytic kinetic characteristics during process. The curing rate during the reaction‐controlled stage is consistent with the characteristics described by the Kamal model, whereas the Kamal model incorporating the diffusion factor can describe the curing rate across the conversion range. This study comprehensively reveals the impact of diffusion on the curing kinetics of epoxy amine reaction, providing valuable perspectives for practical applications in industrial production.
PDE‐based containment control of linear multi‐agent systems
Authors: Deutscher Joachim , Jung Nick 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis contribution considers the containment control problem for linear multi‐agent systems (MAS) using continuum models in form of linear parabolic PDEs. For this, a networked controller is designed, that ensures the asymptotic convergence of finite‐dimensional agents into a containment area specified by dynamic leaders. This problem is traced back to an output regulation problem for a continuum model independent of the number of agents, which also takes disturbances into account. A prescribed formation is assigned for the MAS in the containment area by using Bézier curves. Using bilateral backstepping a tracking controller is designed, which allows to distribute the control effort between the two boundary agents. The states are estimated by an infinite‐dimensional disturbance observer. For this, both a folding observer with network communication and two boundary observers without network communication are introduced. A fully distributed solution of the containment control problem is obtained by employing a continuum signal model observer, which communicates the states of the leader and disturbance model to all agents. The desired communication topology is imposed after the design by a spatial discretization. A simulation example illustrates the effectiveness of the new method for the networked controller design.
Zinc Tellurium with Anionic Vacancies Anchored on Ordered Macroporous Carbon Skeleton Enabling Accelerated Polysulfide Conversion for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Wu Xiangpeng , Xie Wenchang , Zhao Mincai , Cai Daoping , Yang Mingquan , Xie Rongjun , Zhang Chaoqi , Chen Qidi , Zhan Hongbing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) showcase great promise for large‐scale energy storage systems, however, their practical commercialization is seriously hindered by the sluggish redox reaction kinetics and detrimental shuttle effect of soluble polysulfides. Herein, small ZnTe1‐x nanoparticles with anionic vacancies firmly anchored on 3D ordered macroporous N‐doped carbon skeleton (3DOM‐ZnTe1‐x@NC) are elaborately constructed as a high‐efficiency electrocatalyst for LSBs. The ordered macroporous carbon skeleton not only greatly increases the external surface area to expose sufficient active sites but also facilitates the electrolyte penetration. Additionally, the experimental studies combined with theoretical calculations confirm the presence of Te vacancies optimizes the electronic structure to enhance the intrinsic catalytic activity and chemical absorption. Consequently, LSBs assembled with the 3DOM‐ZnTe1‐x@NC modified separators exhibit high specific discharge capacity, as well as superior rate performance and good long‐term cycling stability. Even under a high sulfur loading of 6.5 mg cm−2 and lean electrolyte, an impressive areal capacity of 5.28 mAh cm−2 is achieved at 0.1 C after 100 cycles. More significantly, the 3DOM‐ZnTe1‐x@NC based pouch cells are also fabricated to demonstrate its potential for practical applications. This work highlights that the rational combination of 3DOM architecture and vacancy engineering is important for designing advanced Li–S electrocatalysts.
Progress of Hole‐Transport Layers in Mixed Sn‐Pb Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Yujia , Lai Yibin , Yang Yang (Michael) 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHybrid organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have rapidly emerged as a promising photovoltaic technology, with record efficiencies surpassing 26%, approaching the theoretical Shockley‐Queisser limit. The advent of all‐perovskite tandem solar cells (APTSCs), integrating Pb‐based wide‐bandgap (WBG) with mixed Sn‐Pb narrow‐bandgap (NBG) perovskites, presents a compelling pathway to surpass this limit. Despite recent innovations in hole transport layers (HTLs) that have significantly improved the efficiency and stability of lead‐based PSCs, an effective HTL tailored for Sn‐Pb NBG PSCs remains an unmet need. This review highlights the essential role of HTLs in enhancing the performance of Sn‐Pb PSCs, focusing on their ability to mitigate non‐radiative recombination and optimize the buried interface, thereby improving film quality. The distinct attributes of Sn‐Pb perovskites, such as their lower energy levels and accelerated crystallization rates, necessitate HTLs with specialized properties. In this study, the latest advancements in HTLs are systematically examined for Sn‐Pb PSCs, encompassing organic, self‐assembled monolayer (SAM), inorganic materials, and HTL‐free designs. The review critically assesses the inherent limitations of each HTL category, and finally proposes strategies to surmount these obstacles to reach higher device performance.
Black Tea Suppresses Invasiveness and Reverses TNF‐α‐Induced Invasiveness and Cell Stemness in Human Malignant Melanoma Cells
Authors: Lin Chin‐Yin , Chu Shu‐Chen , Hsieh Yih‐Shou , Tsai Wen‐Yi , Chen Pei‐Ni 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTInvasiveness and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) are main patterns of metastatic disease, which is the major cause cancer‐related mortality in human malignant melanoma cells. Tea and its consumption extract are associated with a lower risk of several types of cancer and have anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative biological effects. However, the anti‐EMT and anti‐cancer stemness effect of black tea ethanol extracts (BTEE) in human melanoma remain poorly understood. In this study, the effects of BTEE‐reduced invasiveness, EMT, and cancer stemness were evaluated in human A 375 and A2058 melanoma cells. BTEE inhibited the activity of u‐PA, migration, and invasiveness by repressing p‐FAK signaling pathway. BTEE affected the EMT by downregulating the expression of β‐catenin, N‐cadherin, fibronectin, vimentin, and Twist‐1. BTEE also reduced tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α)‐induced invasiveness and cancer stemness characteristics in vitro. The growth of melanoma in nude mice xenograft model showed that BTEE suppressed A 375 tumor growth in vivo.
Postnatal outcome of fetal cortical malformations: systematic review
Authors: Abadia‐Cuchi N. , Felici F. , Frassanito P. , Arulkumaran S. , Familiari A. , Thilaganathan B. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveParental counseling for fetal malformations of cortical development (MCD) is based on data from studies in children and adults undergoing imaging investigation for abnormal neurodevelopment. However, such postnatal findings may not be applicable to prenatally diagnosed cases. The aim of this study was to review the existing data on postnatal neurodevelopmental outcome for fetuses diagnosed with MCD.MethodsA literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE for articles published between 2013 and 2023, using standardized keywords to describe fetal cortical malformations. Full‐text articles were accessed for the retrieved citations and data on participant characteristics, imaging findings, and pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were extracted. Fetal MCD was defined as either complex or isolated, according to the presence or absence, respectively, of additional brain or extracranial defects.ResultsOverall, 30 articles including 371 cases of fetal MCD were reviewed. The cases were classified as complex (n = 324), isolated (n = 21) or unknown (n = 26). There were 144 terminations and four stillbirths, with pregnancy outcome unreported in 149 cases. A total of 108 cases had postnatal magnetic resonance imaging or postmortem examination data available. In nine of these cases, a diagnosis of complex fetal MCD was changed to isolated MCD after birth, and one case was found not to have MCD. There were 74 live births, for which postnatal neurodevelopment data were available in only 30 cases. Normal neurodevelopmental outcome was reported in seven (23.3% (95% CI, 9.9–42.2%)) infants, with the remaining 23 exhibiting various levels of neurodevelopmental delay (three mild, seven moderate and 13 severe) from 6 months to 7 years of age.ConclusionsMost reviewed cases of fetal MCD were complex in nature and underwent termination of pregnancy. There is a paucity of data on postnatal neurological development in fetuses diagnosed with MCD. The available data suggest antenatal overdiagnosis of case severity in about 5% of cases with known outcome, and either normal neurodevelopment or mild neurodevelopmental delay in approximately one‐third of liveborn cases with neurological follow‐up. © 2024 The Author(s). Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Exclusion and persecution: The Rohingya crisis through the lens of nationalism, statelessness, and violence
Authors: Kamal Rifat Darina , Kaiser Z. R. M. Abdullah , Mariano Kad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe brutal military crackdown in Myanmar's Rakhine state caused more than 1 million Rohingya refugees to flee to Bangladesh. By analyzing the tripartite relationship between nationalism, violence, and statelessness, this commentary examines how Myanmar's political exclusion of the Rohingya contributed to their stateless condition and led to an ongoing humanitarian crisis in the region. The study argues that the Rohingya are stateless because of Myanmar's state‐sanctioned ethnic discrimination premised on nationalist conceptions of the country as a uniquely Burmese and Buddhist nation‐state. The state systematically justifies the Rohingya's precarity within Myanmar society to promote an imagined national homogeneity.