bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Pairwise Correlations from Multiple Quantum Correlated Beams Generated from Cascaded Four-Wave Mixing Processes
Authors: Wang Hailong , Cao Leiming , Jing Jietai 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe theoretically characterize the performance of the pairwise correlations (PCs) from multiple quantum correlated beams based on the cascaded four-wave mixing (FWM) processes. The presence of the PCs with quantum corre- lation in these systems can be verified by calculating the degree of intensity difference squeezing for any pair of all the output fields. The quantum correlation characteristics of all the PCs under different cascaded schemes are also discussed in detail and the repulsion effect between PCs in these cascaded FWM processes is theoretically predicted. Our results open the way for the classification and application of quantum states generated from the cascaded FWM processes.
An optimistic protein assembly from sequence reads salvaged an uncharacterized segment of mouse picobirnavirus
Authors: Gonzalez Gabriel , Sasaki Michihito , Burkitt-Gray Lucy , Kamiya Tomonori , Tsuji Noriko M. , Sawa Hirofumi , Ito Kimihito 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAdvances in Next Generation Sequencing technologies have enabled the generation of millions of sequences from microorganisms. However, distinguishing the sequence of a novel species from sequencing errors remains a technical challenge when the novel species is highly divergent from the closest known species. To solve such a problem, we developed a new method called Optimistic Protein Assembly from Reads (OPAR). This method is based on the assumption that protein sequences could be more conserved than the nucleotide sequences encoding them. By taking advantage of metagenomics, bioinformatics and conventional Sanger sequencing, our method successfully identified all coding regions of the mouse picobirnavirus for the first time. The salvaged sequences indicated that segment 1 of this virus was more divergent from its homologues in otherPicobirnaviridaespecies than segment 2. For this reason, only segment 2 of mouse picobirnavirus has been detected in previous studies. OPAR web tool is available athttp://bioinformatics.czc.hokudai.ac.jp/opar/.
Pre-trauma Methylphenidate in rats reduces PTSD-like reactions one month later
Authors: Ritov G , Richter-Levin G 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn basic research, the etiology of fear-related pathologies, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), is conceptualized using fear-conditioning protocols that pair environmental stimuli (that is, a conditioned stimulus—CS) with an aversive, unconditioned stimulus (US) to elicit an assessable conditioned fear response. Although pathophysiological models agree that regulatory dysfunctions in this associative process may instigate fear-related pathology, current opinions differ in regard to the nature of these dysfunctions. Primarily derived from studies in rodents, the prevailing perspective proposes that pathological fear-reactions develop from intensified and overly consolidated CS-US associations. Alternatively, models derived from studies in humans suggest that tempospatial inaccuracies in representations of associative fear might precipitate pathology by engendering failure to differentiate present experiences and past memories of threat. To test this concept in rodents, we administered rats with cognition enhancing doses of Methylphenidate before or after fear conditioning and measured long-term alterations in their conditioned fear behaviors and PTSD-like reactions. The administration of Methylphenidate before fear-memory formation indeed reduced anxious-like responses during fear-memory retrieval one month later. An individual profiling analysis revealed that Methylphenidate onset had opposing effects on the risk for PTSD-like classification. The modulation of initial learning and formation of associative fear normalized the risk for developing PTSD-like reaction. In contrast, when the effects of Methylphenidate were exerted only over later consolidation this risk increased markedly. When examined under current psychiatric and neuropharmacologic literature, these results reveal a possible strategy of using low-dose Methylphenidate for the prevention of PTSD in high risk populations.
Abnormal Development of Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis (Acari:
Ixodidae)
Authors: Ren Qiaoyun , Chen Ze , Luo Jin , Liu Guangyuan , Guan Guiquan , Yin Hong , Luo Jianxun 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A single Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis specimen exhibiting abnormal morphology was collected from a tick laboratory colony. The tick had a heart-shaped body with partial twinning of the posterior region (with two anal orifices and two genital grooves). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of teratological changes in H. qinghaiensis. The abnormal morphological features are described herein.
Dake Chen: unraveling the secrets of ocean–climate interaction
Authors: Wang Ling 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The ocean is a complex and mysterious system that attracts scientists around the world to unravel its secrets. Dake Chen, a distinguished physical oceanographer and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, is one of them. Since the mid-1980s, he has been studying ocean dynamics and ocean–atmosphere interaction, and has made seminal contributions to the understanding and prediction of short-term climate variability, especially the El Niño phenomenon. In a recent interview with NSR, Professor Dake Chen says that China has made significant progress in recent years in ocean research, but, in order to make breakthroughs in the field of oceanography, China needs to further expand the scope of research programs from coastal seas to open oceans, to greatly increase the investment in global ocean-observing systems and to pay more attention to fundamental scientific problems in addition to practical applications. He also calls for a better-defined national strategic plan for ocean science and technology.
InN/InGaN quantum dot electrochemical devices: new solutions for energy and health
Authors: Nötzel Richard 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA review is given of the exceptional electrochemical performance of epitaxial InN/InGaN quantum dots (QDs) as photoelectrodes for solar hydrogen generation by water splitting, as biosensor transducers and as anion-selective electrodes, and they are also evaluated as supercapacitor electrodes. The performance is benchmarked against the best performances of other reported materials and nanostructures. A model based on the unique interplay of surface and quantum properties is put forward to understand the boost of catalytic activity and anion selectivity interlinking quantum nanostructure physics with electrochemistry and catalysis. Of equal impact is the direct growth on cheap Si substrates without any buffer layers, allowing novel device designs and integration with Si technology. This makes the InN/InGaN QDs viable, opening up new application fields for III-nitride semiconductors.
The Christian Reconstruction Movement in U.S. Politics
Authors: Ingersoll Julie 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
For more than half a century, Rousas John Rushdoony and his followers have articulated and disseminated what they understand to be a biblical worldview, based in aspects of traditional reformed theology and both the Old and New Testaments. This worldview seeks to apply biblical law to every aspect of life and to transform every aspect of culture to establish the Kingdom of God. While some components of their vision are so extreme that Christian Reconstructionists are often dismissed as an irrelevant fringe group, other aspects of their vision have taken root in conservative American Protestantism, especially in the Christian homeschool movement, and therefor influenced American conservatism more broadly. This essay outlines that worldview and points to some of those areas of influence.
Impact of Concurrent Medication Use on Pancreatic Cancer Survival—SEER-Medicare Analysis
Authors: Beg Muhammad S. , Gupta Arjun , Sher David , Ali Sadia , Khan Saad , Gao Ang , Stewart Tyler , Ahn Chul , Berry Jarett , Mortensen Eric M. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives:
Preclinical studies have suggested that non-antineoplastic medication use may impact pancreatic cancer biology. We examined the association of several medication classes on pancreatic cancer survival in a large medical claims database.

Materials and Methods:
Histologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed between 2006 and 2009 were analyzed from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare database with available part D data. Drug use was defined as having 2 prescriptions filled within 12 months of pancreatic cancer diagnosis. The following medication classes/combinations were analyzed: β-blocker, statin, insulin, metformin, thiazolidinedione, warfarin, heparin, β-blocker/statin, metformin/statin, and β-blocker/metformin. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models adjusting for age, sex, race, stage at diagnosis, site of cancer, and Charlson comorbidity index were constructed to test the association between medication classes and overall survival.

Results:
A total of 13,702 patients were included in the study; median age 76 years, 42.5% males, 77.1% white. The most common anatomic site and stage at diagnosis were head of the pancreas (49.9%) and stage 4 (49.6%), respectively. Ninety-four percent of patients died in the follow-up period (median overall survival 5.3 mo). Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that use of β-blockers, heparin, insulin, and warfarin were significantly associated with improved survival (P<0.05 for each one), whereas metformin, thiazolidinedione, statin, and combination therapies were not.

Conclusions:
In this study, use of β-blockers, heparin, insulin, and warfarin were associated with improved survival in patients with pancreatic cancer. Additional studies are needed to validate these findings in the clinical setting.
Beyond Magnet® Designation
Authors: Hayden Margaret A. , Wolf Gail A. , Zedreck-Gonzalez Judith F. 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE:
The aim of this study was to identify patterns of high-performing behaviors and nurse manager perceptions of the factors of Magnet® sustainability at a multidesignated Magnet organization.

BACKGROUND:
The Magnet program recognizes exemplary professional nursing practice and is challenging to achieve and sustain. Only 10% (n = 42) of Magnet hospitals sustained designation for 12 years or longer. This study explored the perspectives of Magnet nurse managers regarding high-performing teams and the sustainability of Magnet designation.

METHODS:
A qualitative study of nurse managers was conducted at 1 multidesignated Magnet organization (n = 13). Interview responses were analyzed using pattern recognition of Magnet model domains and characteristics of high-performing teams and then related to factors of Magnet sustainability.

RESULTS:
Transformational leadership is both an essential factor for sustainability and a potential barrier to sustainability of Magnet designation.

CONCLUSIONS:
Transformational nursing leaders lead high-performing teams and should be in place at all levels as an essential factor in sustaining Magnet redesignation.
A Simplified Electroencephalogram Monitoring System in the Emergency Room
Authors: Nozawa Masahiro , Terashima Hiroshi , Tsuji Satoshi , Kubota Masaya 
Published: January 2017

ObjectivesThe study aims to assess the clinical usefulness and related limitations of our simplified emergency electroencephalography (eEEG) as an assessment tool of lethal abnormal brain waves in the emergency room (ER).MethodsElectrodes were placed on 4 places: bilateral frontal poles and parietal regions. The derivations to judge consisted of only 2 bipolar leads on the left and right. Abnormal wave was defined as either persistent rhythmic waves or persistent high-amplitude slow waves (<2 Hz). The indications of eEEG were as follows: prolonged impairment of consciousness, suspected subclinical or subtle seizure, and requirement of evaluation of consciousness or seizure during administration of muscle relaxants for endotracheal intubation.ResultsWe performed eEEG for 86 patients between July 2013 and February 2014. The persistent rhythmic waves were observed in 7 (8.1%), whereas high-amplitude slow waves were observed in 10 (11.6%). Among 69 patients with normal eEEG, 2 were diagnosed with encephalopathy after hospitalization. The mean time taken to attach electrodes was 5.4 minutes.ConclusionsFor the ER physician, the simple EEG, such as eEEG, is useful as a biological monitor because it enables quick assessment of lethal abnormal brain waves in the ER. The clinical usefulness and limitations of our eEEG method should be investigated further in a large population.
Accurate alignment between correlated light, cryo-light, and electron cryo-microscopy data using sample support features
Authors: Anderson Karen L. , Page Christopher , Swift Mark F. , Hanein Dorit , Volkmann Niels 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCombining fluorescence microscopy with electron cryo-tomography allows, in principle, spatial localization of tagged macromolecular assemblies and structural features within the cellular environment. To allow precise localization and scale integration between the two disparate imaging modalities, accurate alignment procedures are needed. Here, we describe a marker-free method for aligning images from light or cryo-light fluorescence microscopy and from electron cryo-microscopy that takes advantage of sample support features, namely the holes in the carbon film. We find that the accuracy of this method, as judged by prediction errors of the hole center coordinates, is better than 100 nm.
Domain-specific market segmentation: a wine-related lifestyle (WRL) approach
Authors: Bruwer Johan , Roediger Brigitte , Herbst Frikkie 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the use of a domain-specific research instrument (the wine-related lifestyle (WRL)) to determine the different lifestyle-related wine market segments in a country and compare the findings cross-culturally.

Design/methodology/approach
The research instrument included 48 psychographic activities, interests and opinions (AIO) statements, plus socio-demographic, product consumption and purchasing questions. A final sample of 376 South African wine consumers was utilised, whereon exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, combined with Hough’s Euclidean test, were applied to determine the existence of clusters (segments), assign descriptions to them, and link these to product consumption data.

Findings
Five wine segments recurred when comparing wine market segmentation studies cross-culturally. This means that cross-culturally, similar types of people drink wine with similar AIOs towards wine. In the South African market, four of these segments were identified.

Research limitations/implications
This study achieved a robust lifestyle-based market segmentation algorithm which can be used by researchers in different country environments for wine as a domain-specific product.

Originality/value
The contribution of this research is threefold in that it tested the WRL instrument in a cross-cultural context which is the first time this has been done; in the process it interpreted the wine consumer segments in South Africa for the first time; using a WRL-based (AIO) approach. The study demonstrated that market segmentation based on psychographic (lifestyle) behaviour is strengthened when supported by two additional segmentation methods, namely, socio-demographics and product involvement (purchasing and consumption).
Haemodynamic monitoring in the peri‐operative period: the past, the present and the future
Authors: Watson X. , Cecconi M. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryOver recent years there has been an increase in the implementation of goal‐directed therapy using minimally invasive haemodynamic monitoring techniques to guide peri‐operative care. Since the introduction of the pulmonary artery flotation catheter in the 1980s, various haemodynamic monitors have been developed, each associated with their own benefits and limitations. Goal‐directed therapy has been well‐established as a standard of care in the peri‐operative period and has largely been associated with a reduction in morbidity and mortality. However, evidence over the last few years from major studies has led us to question: what is the future for goal‐directed therapy? Care of the peri‐operative patient has significantly evolved over the last decade and this needs to be taken into account when assessing the results of these studies. We should therefore not look at the effects of goal‐directed therapy in isolation but as part of a progressive care bundle. Additionally, other markers of haemodynamic status have also begun to be further appreciated and these are worthy of further investigation. We feel that the future for haemodynamic monitoring remains promising with new areas of interest continuously emerging, but further research is still required.
Conceptual and technical insights into the basis of neuromuscular monitoring
Authors: Naguib M. , Brull S. J. , Johnson K. B. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryUnrecognised postoperative residual neuromuscular block remains a frequent occurrence in recovery rooms. Evidence indicates that current practice continues to perpetuate the status quo, in which 10–40% of patients experience postoperative residual weakness. A departure from the current practice requires small efforts on the clinicians’ part. This review addresses several selected core questions regarding neuromuscular blockade monitoring and provides a framework to rationally discuss and develop basic guidelines for the use of neuromuscular blocking agents in patient care.
The role and limitations of EEG‐based depth of anaesthesia monitoring in theatres and intensive care
Authors: Hajat Z. , Ahmad N. , Andrzejowski J. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIn this article we will look at some of the principles in processed EEG monitoring as applied to bispectral index (BIS). We outline why BIS should be regarded as a ‘memory’ monitor which in most circumstances reflects the depth of sedation or anaesthesia in particular patients. Its limitation in paralysed and non‐paralysed patients must be understood in order for this monitor to be used safely. Finally, its emerging use in critical care will be explored.
Cerebral oximetry and its role in adult cardiac, non‐cardiac surgery and resuscitation from cardiac arrest
Authors: Green D. W. , Kunst G. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryMonitors using near‐infra red spectroscopy to assess cerebral oxygenation levels non‐invasively in discrete areas of the brain have been used clinically for over 20 years. Interest has intensified recently, especially during cardiac surgery, and there are now five commercially available devices. Despite the attraction of being able to measure oxygen supply/demand in such a critical area, there has been only limited uptake of this technology in overall clinical anaesthetic practice. This narrative review aims to explore not only the rationale for using this technology but also the factors which have restricted its more widespread use.
An introduction to predictive modelling of drug concentration in anaesthesia monitors
Authors: DeCou J. , Johnson K. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryA significant amount of anaesthetists’ work involves the prediction of drug effects and interactions to produce a smooth general anaesthetic that minimises drug side effects and promotes rapid emergence. Successfully managing this process requires a basic understanding of drug effects, experience and inevitably some guesswork, since it is difficult (and in some cases impossible) to anticipate all relevant patient and surgical factors. Although data are generally available to allow calculation of plasma drug and effect site concentrations, this is often difficult to apply in complex clinical contexts, particularly when multiple drug types are used.In recent years, manufacturers have developed and incorporated into anaesthetic workstations technologies that use drug pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic data to predict drug effects and interactions. Such systems can predict the duration and effects of drugs during anaesthesia and assist the anaesthetist to understand complex drug interactions. With this information available, different drug types, doses and combinations may be tailored in a scientific way to maximise useful effects whilst minimising overdose and side‐effects, particularly in high‐risk patients. Examples are used to illustrate how such systems can be used in practice, and how drug effects and interactions can be simulated to “rehearse” an anaesthetic before any drugs are actually administered.At present only a small number of anaesthetic workstations use this technology, and as yet they are not able to manage all drugs used in anaesthetic practice. However, such systems have the potential to help anaesthetists manage the complexity of their work, and to provide information on predicted drug effects in a way that is useful and relevant to both experienced anaesthetists and trainees.
Monitoring regional blockade
Authors: Ode K. , Selvaraj S. , Smith A. F. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis review attempts to draw on the published literature to address three practical clinical questions. First, what means of testing the degree of regional blockade pre‐operatively are available, and can eventual success or failure be determined soon after injection? Second, is it possible to predict if a block inserted after the induction of general anaesthesia will be effective when the patient wakes? Third, what features, and what duration, should cause concern when a block does not resolve as expected after surgery? Although the relevant literature is limited, we recommend testing of multiple sensory modalities before surgery commences; temperature and thermographic changes may offer additional early warning of success or failure. There are a number of existing methods of assessing nociception under general anaesthesia, but none has yet been applied to gauge the onset of a regional block. Finally, criteria for further investigation and neurological referral when block symptoms persist postoperatively are presented.
Monitoring the anaesthetist in the operating theatre – professional competence and patient safety
Authors: Larsson J. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis article about competence and patient safety in anaesthesia was inspired by a statement in the 2015 AAGBI guidelines on monitoring during anaesthesia: ‘the presence of an appropriately trained and experienced anaesthetist is important for patient safety during anaesthesia’. The review starts with a structured description of competence, presenting five dimensions of it; the first two dimensions are identical with the two classical attributes of competence, practical skills and theoretical knowledge. Concerning skills, the value of aiming for a high level of proficiency early in a traning programme is pointed out, and deliberate practice is given as an example of a pedagogical model where aiming for excellence is a core idea. For theoretical knowledge, the value of a deep approach to learning physiology and basic sciences is stressed. The third dimension (anaesthetists’ non‐technical skills), represents skills necessary for good team‐work in the operating theatre. The two last dimensions of competence are the understanding of work and intuitive expert knowing. Understanding work means being aware of what the work is about, appreciating the different aspects of the anaesthetist's job. Intuitive expert knowing, lastly, concerns the tacit dimension of knowledge and skills, which enables professional experts to quickly find a working solution for most clinical problems. The final part of the review is about the ‘when’ and ‘how’ of competence assessment. The main message is the importance of assessing the competence of clinically active anaesthetists regularly during their whole career.