bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Antifungal Effect of Chicory Extracts on Candida Glabrata and Candida Krusei in a Laboratory Environment
Authors: Rahbar Mahdi , Eslami Hosein , Babaei Hossein , Falsafi Parisa , Najar-Karimi Fereshteh , Pourzare-Mehrbani Solmaz 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
This research has evaluated the extract's antifungal effects on Candida glabrata and Candida krusei in a laboratory environment.

Materials and methods
In this research, to evaluate the antifungal effect and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination of chicory extract, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) was used. Candida glabrata and C. krusei funguses were procured from the Tehran Pasteur Institute; they were grown in the relative growing environment according to the required conditions. Also for further assurance about the macrodilution method reality, the agar well diffusion method was used. Finally, the obtained results were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 software.

Results
The MIC for the chicory extract was 50 μg/mL for C. krusei and 100 μg/mL for C. glabrata. On the contrary, in the evaluation of different concentrations of the chicory extract by the agar well diffusion method, C. krusei's lack of growth in similar concentrations was greater than that of C. glabrata. As a result, the findings related to both the methods of agar well diffusion and MIC prevention concentration maximization proved that C. krusei sensitivity to the chicory extract is more compared with the sensitivity of C. glabrata.

Conclusion
Chicory extract has the benefits of low price, accessibility, and proper taste as compared with nystatin. It also has fewer side effects, and after a clinical test, it could be considered a proper candidate as an antifungal drug against infections caused by C. krusei and C. glabrata.

Clinical significance
The results obtained from this research have shown that chicory extract has antifungal features and is the best choice as an antifungal drug because of its low price, accessibility, and proper taste as compared with nystatin.

How to cite this article
Eslami H, Babaei H, Falsafi P, Rahbar M, Najar-Karimi F, Pourzare-Mehrbani S. Evaluation of the Antifungal Effect of Chicory Extracts on Candida Glabrata and Candida Krusei in a Laboratory Environment. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1014-1020.
Extrusion of Debris from Primary Molar Root Canals following Instrumentation with Traditional and New File Systems
Authors: Thakur Bhagyashree , Pawar Ajinkya M , Kfir Anda , Neelakantan Prasanna 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionTo assess the amount of debris extruded apically during instrumentation of distal canals of extracted primary molars by three instrument systems [ProTaper Universal (PTU), ProTaper NEXT (PTN), and self-adjusting file (SAF)] compared with conventional stainless steel hand K-files (HF, control).Materials and methodsPrimary mandibular molars (n = 120) with a single distal canal were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 30) for root canal instrumentation using group I, HF (to size 0.30/0.02 taper), group II, PTU (to size F3), group III, PTN (to size X3), and group IV, SAF. Debris extruded during instrumentation was collected in preweighed Eppendorf tubes, stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days and then weighed. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Turkey'spost hoctest (p = 0.05).ResultsAll the groups resulted in extrusion of debris. There was statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in the debris extrusion between the three groups: HF (0.00133 ± 0.00012), PTU (0.00109 ± 0.00005), PTN (0.00052 ± 0.00008), and SAF (0.00026 ± 0.00004).ConclusionInstrumentation with SAF resulted in the least debris extrusion when used for shaping root canals of primary molar teeth.Clinical significanceDebris extrusion in primary teeth poses an adverse effect on the stem cells and may also alter the permanent dental germ. Debris extrusion is rarely reported for primary teeth and it is important for the clinician to know which endodontic instrumentation leads to less extrusion of debris.How to cite this articleThakur B, Pawar AM, Kfir A, Neelakantan P. Extrusion of Debris from Primary Molar Root Canals following Instrumentation with Traditional and New File Systems. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1040-1044.
Self-disinfecting Alginate vs Conventional Alginate: Effect on Surface Hardness of Gypsum Cast—An in vitro Study
Authors: Nagpal Ajay , Madhavan Ranjith , George Navia , Thummala Niharika R , Ravi SV 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
For the construction of any dental prosthesis, accurate impressions are necessary. Hence, we undertook the present study to evaluate and compare the surface hardness of gypsum casts poured from impressions made using conventional alginate and self-disinfecting alginate.

Materials and methods
A total of 30 impressions of stainless steel die were made, out of which 15 impressions were made with conventional alginate and 15 were made with selfdisinfecting alginate and poured using Type III dental stone. Thirty stone specimens were subjected for hardness testing. Data were analyzed using independent samples t-test to compare the mean surface hardness.

Results
Difference in surface hardness was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
Surface hardness of gypsum casts poured using impressions made from self-disinfecting alginate and conventional alginates were comparable.

Clinical significance
Self-disinfecting alginates may be employed in clinical practice as safe and effective materials to overcome the infection control issues without compromising on the properties of the material.

How to cite this article
Madhavan R, George N, Thummala NR, Ravi SV, Nagpal A. Self-disinfecting Alginate vs Conventional Alginate: Effect on Surface Hardness of Gypsum Cast—An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1061-1064.
Evolution of Nickel–titanium Alloys in Endodontics
Authors: Anil Sukumaran , Neelakantan Prasanna , Nassif Wadih 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
To improve clinical use of nickel–titanium (NiTi) endodontic rotary instruments by better understanding the alloys that compose them. A large number of engine-driven NiTi shaping instruments already exists on the market and newer generations are being introduced regularly. While emphasis is being put on design and technique, manufacturers are more discreet about alloy characteristics that dictate instrument behavior. Along with design and technique, alloy characteristics of endodontic instruments is one of the main variables affecting clinical performance. Modification in NiTi alloys is numerous and may yield improvements, but also drawbacks. Martensitic instruments seem to display better cyclic fatigue properties at the expense of surface hardness, prompting the need for surface treatments. On the contrary, such surface treatments may improve cutting efficiency but are detrimental to the gain in cyclic fatigue resistance. Although the design of the instrument is vital, it should in no way cloud the importance of the properties of the alloy and how they influence the clinical behavior of NiTi instruments.

Clinical significance
Dentists are mostly clinicians rather than engineers. With the advances in instrumentation design and alloys, they have an obligation to deal more intimately with engineering consideration to not only take advantage of their possibilities but also acknowledge their limitations.

How to cite this article
Ounsi HF, Nassif W, Grandini S, Salameh Z, Neelakantan P, Anil S. Evolution of Nickel–titanium Alloys in Endodontics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(11):1090-1096.
Fluorosis: Environmental Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease?
Authors: Dalvi Priyanka J , Ghosh Saubhik , Joshi Vinayak M , Bhat Kishor , Prakash Vivek H , Vandana Kharidhi L 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
Periodontitis is multifactorial in nature. The effects of fluorosis as an environmental factor are not evaluated and researched to designate it as a risk factor similar to smoking. The primary objectives of this study were to investigate whether there is any association between fluorosis and periodontal disease and to assess salivary oxidative stress in fluorosed and nonfluorosed patients with periodontitis contributing to periodontal disease.

Aim
This is a case—control study with an aim to investigate whether fluorosis acts as a risk factor for periodontal disease and to assess salivary oxidative stress in fluorosed and nonfluorosed patients with periodontitis contributing to periodontal disease.

Materials and methods
About 295 systemically healthy patients were divided into test group (n = 154 fluorosed subjects) and control group (n = 141 nonfluorosed subjects) and assessed for their periodontal status. Clinical parameters recorded were plaque index, gingival bleeding index (GBI), and Jackson's fluorosis index to assess the degree of fluorosis, and community periodontal index was to assess the periodontal status. Biochemical analysis of saliva was done for assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and total antioxidant (TAOC) levels.

Results
The plaque and GBI scores were found similar in fluorosed and nonfluorosed groups. Gingivitis was significantly higher in nonfluorosed than in fluorosed group; in contrast, periodontitis was significantly higher in fluorosed group than in nonfluorosed group. Gingivitis appeared to decline as the fluoride status worsened, while periodontitis showed an increasing gradient from lower fluoride score to higher fluoride score. As the degree of fluorosis increased, periodontitis also increased. The salivary antioxidant levels were found similar in both the groups.

How to cite this article
Dalvi PJ, Vandana KL, Ghosh S, Joshi VM, Bhat K, Prakash VH. Fluorosis: Environmental Risk Factor for Periodontal Disease? J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017; 51(4):157-161.
Immune Complex-positive Glomerulonephritis in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-positive Patients
Authors: Joshi Kusum , Gupta Parikshaa , Chhabra Seema , Bhagat Priyanka , Bharti Shreekant , Minz Ranjana W 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive glomerulonephritis (GN) has traditionally been considered pauci-immune (PI); however, various reports have demonstrated the presence of immune reactants in a subset of these cases. The study was done to evaluate the prevalence of immune deposits in ANCApositive GN by direct immunofluorescence (DIF). Renal biopsies of 35 patients with ANCA-positive GN were retrospectively analyzed for light microscopic and DIF findings to look for the presence of immune reactants and to correlate these with the corresponding histologic features. Twenty-seven cases (77.2%) showed PI-GN while 8 (22.8%) cases showed. 2+ positivity for one or more immune reactants in the mesangium and/or capillary loops and were categorized as ANCA-positive immune complex GN. Of these, seven were positive for perinuclear (P-ANCA) and one for cytoplasmic (C-ANCA). Immunoglobulin M (IgM) was the most frequent immunoglobulin. On light microscopy, these cases exhibited significantly increased mesangial cellularity (p = 0.033) and more number of normal glomeruli as compared with PI cases (p = 0.015).

How to cite this article
Bhagat P, Bharti S, Gupta P, Minz RW, Joshi K, Chhabra S. Immune Complex-positive Glomerulonephritis in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-positive Patients. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(4):166-169.
Tendinopathy and Sports: Understanding the Problem and Options of Management-perspectives from Physiotherapy, Sports Medicine, and Orthopedics
Authors: Dhillon Mandeep , Dhillon Himmat S , Dhillon Sidak , Bachhal Vikas 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Tendinopathies are perhaps the leading cause of sportsrelated overuse injuries necessitating visit to an expert. Increased general public participation in sports and growing intensity of elite level sport had further warranted more attention and research into pathophysiology and management of tendeno pathies. As a result, its management has seen enormous changes in the last few decades. The newer research methodologies applied to diagnostic and therapeutic aspects have generated a plethora of literature, which has helped sports medicine experts. However, these newer modalities have also added to the confusion among many. This review aims to present current understanding of pathophysiology of tendinopathies and evidence of success or failure of several modalities in current use.

How to cite this article
Dhillon HS, Dhillon S, Bachhal V, Dhillon MS. Tendinopathy and Sports: Understanding the Problem and Options of Management-perspectives from Physiotherapy, Sports Medicine, and Orthopedics. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(4):175-181.
A Fatal Case of Pyrexia of Unknown Origin: Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis?
Authors: Bhuta Palak , Patel Aakash , Yadav Luv , Patel Utsav , Kosamia Virendra , Muley Arti 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To highlight the need of high suspicion of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) in pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) and also the need of specific guidelines for the management of the disease.

Background
The HLH is a rare disease of overactive histiocytes and lymphocytes. Although seen in all age groups, it is less common in adults as compared with infants. It usually presents with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, lymphadenopathy, and rash. Cutaneous involvement is seen in as many as 65% of patients.

Case Report
A 25-year-old male presented with high-grade fever and cough since 4 weeks. Examination at presentation revealed only hepatosplenomegaly. During the course of the disease, he developed pancytopenia, but there was no lymphadenopathy or neurological or cutaneous manifestations. The patient was thoroughly investigated, but it remained inconclusive. He did not respond to any antibiotics, antimalarials, or antituberculars. There was an initial response to steroids, but it did not sustain. Bone marrow remained normal throughout the course of illness. Based on other features, we made a diagnosis of HLH, but the patient's condition worsened rapidly and proved to be fatal despite all treatment.

Conclusion and clinical significance
The HLH must be suspected in a case of PUO especially in presence of pancytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly. It is important to look for other features like hyperferritinemia and hypertriglyceridemia to reach an early diagnosis as bone marrow features may present very late during the course of illness. Early diagnosis is all the more important in view of rapidly progressive fatal course of the disease.

How to cite this article
Bhuta P, Patel A, Yadav L, Patel U, Kosamia V, Muley A. A Fatal Case of Pyrexia of Unknown Origin: Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis? J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(4):188-191.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Kartagener Syndrome
Authors: Gupta Rahul , Singh Harjeet , Verma Ganga R 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Kartagener syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder in which there is situs inversus involving abdominal or thoracic viscera or both. Anatomy of the abdominal organs in such a patient is distorted making laparoscopic surgery very difficult. A 45-year-old lady, a known case of Kartagener syndrome, presented with epigastric pain. Ultrasound of abdomen revealed situs inversus with mild hepatomegaly and multiple gallbladder calculi. Magnetic resonance pancreatocholangiography (MRCP) confirmed situs inversus totalis with cholelithiasis and mild central intrahepatic biliary dilatation. Patient was treated successfully with laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

How to cite this article
Gupta R, Singh H, Verma GR. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in Kartagener Syndrome. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(4):192-194.
Civil protection and Damaging Hydrogeological Events: comparative analysis of the 2000 and 2015 events in Calabria (southern Italy)
Authors: Petrucci Olga , Caloiero Tommaso , Pasqua Angela Aurora , Perrotta Piero , Russo Luigi , Tansi Carlo 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Calabria (southern Italy) is a flood prone region, due to both its rough orography and fast hydrologic response of most watersheds. During the rainy season, intense rain affects the region, triggering floods and mass movements that cause economic damage and fatalities. This work presents a methodological approach to perform the comparative analysis of two events affecting the same area at a distance of 15 years, by collecting all the qualitative and quantitative features useful to describe both rain and damage. The aim is to understand if similar meteorological events affecting the same area can have different outcomes in terms of damage. The first event occurred between 8 and 10 September 2000, damaged 109 out of 409 municipalities of the region and killed 13 people in a campsite due to a flood. The second event, which occurred between 30 October and 1 November 2015, damaged 79 municipalities, and killed a man due to a flood. The comparative analysis highlights that, despite the exceptionality of triggering daily rain was higher in the 2015 event, the damage caused by the 2000 event to both infrastructures and belongings was higher, and it was strongly increased due to the 13 flood victims. We concluded that, in the 2015 event, the management of pre-event phases, with the issuing of meteorological alert, and the emergency management, with the preventive evacuation of people in hazardous situations due to landslides or floods, contributed to reduce the number of victims.
Displaced by the Spirit: The Work of the Holy Spirit Among Colombia’s Internally Displaced Communities
Authors: Hayward Susan , Joseph Michael 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Drawing from our experiences as religious peacebuilders, field interviews, and literature on the impact of trauma in conflict, this article seeks to account for the popularity of the Holy Spirit in Colombian displaced communities. Colombia has suffered more than six decades of violent conflict inflicted by multiple armed groups accused of massive human rights abuses. Concurrent with the rise in violence has been a rise in Pentecostalism, particularly amid communities displaced by violence. We explore how the Holy Spirit is understood by displaced communities and the role it plays in fostering healing and empowerment in a situation of existential incertitude. This analysis is offered alongside historical themes in pneumatology, highlighting how Colombians’ experiences of the Spirit both extend and depart from traditional Christian theology. In so doing, we demonstrate how a contextual exploration of the Spirit among the Colombian displaced enriches traditional Christian pneumatology and illuminates paths for peace.
‘Freedom from Fundamentalism’: Christian Brethrenism and the Rise of Latin American Protestant Evangelical Social Christianity
Authors: Kirkpatrick David C. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
This article sheds light on the issue of agency in the making of world Christianity at the level of theological discourses. Within a wider context of persistent paternalism, British Brethren missionaries progressively released leadership to local Latin Americans, in large part due to their congregational polity, which lacked paid clergy and hierarchy. The Brethren tradition of pioneering publishing projects created channels through which Latin American evangelicals wrote their own theologies and developed a new brand of Protestant social Christianity. This allowed Latin American Protestant evangelicals to diffuse social Christian ideas to a wider constituency. Thus, while Christian Brethrenism provided raw ingredients for the fundamentalist movement in the north, it should also be credited with providing a perceived escape hatch from it in the south. This article breaks fresh ground by paying particular attention to unstudied personal papers, archival documents, and bilingual interviews with many of the main players.
Estimation of Causal Functional Linear Regression Models
Authors: De Miranda J.C.S. 
Published: November 2017

We present a methodology for estimating causal functional linear models using orthonormal tensor product expansions. More precisely, we estimate the functional parameters $\alpha$ and $\beta$ that appear in the causal functional linear regression model:$$\mathcal{Y}(s)=\alpha(s)+\int_a^b\beta(s,t)\mathcal{X}(t)\mathrm{d}t+\mathcal{E}(s),$$ where $\mbox{supp } \beta \subset \mathfrak{T},$ and $\mathfrak{T}$ is the closed triangular region whose vertexes are $(a,a) , (b,a)$ and $(b,b).$ We assume we have an independent sample $\{ (\mathcal{Y}_k,\mathcal{X}_k) : 1\le k \le N, k\in \mathbb{N}\}$ of observations where the $\mathcal{X}_k $'s are functional covariates, the $\mathcal{Y}_k$'s are time order preserving functional responses and $\mathcal{E}_k,$ $1\le k \le N,$ is i.i.d. zero mean functional noise.
The genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Ophioninae) in Saudi Arabia, with twelve new species records and the description of five new species
Authors: Gadallah Neveen S. , Soliman Ahmed M. , Rousse Pascal , Al Dhafer Hathal M. 
Published: November 2017

The species of the genus Enicospilus Stephens, 1835 in Saudi Arabia are reviewed. Six species have previously been recorded from Saudi Arabia: E. brevicornis (Masi, 1939), E. capensis (Thunberg, 1822), E. nervellator Aubert, 1966, E. perlatus Shestakov, 1926, E. psammus Gauld & Mitchell, 1978 and E. oculator Seyrig, 1935. Five new species are described and illustrated in this paper: Enicospilus arabicus Gadallah & Soliman sp. nov., E. mirabilis Soliman & Gadallah sp. nov., E. pseudoculator Gadallah & Soliman sp. nov., E. shadaensis Gadallah & Soliman sp. nov. and E. splendidus Rousse, Soliman & Gadallah sp. nov. Twelve species are newly recorded for the fauna of Saudi Arabia, thus raising the total number to 23 species: E. bicoloratus Cameron, 1912, E. divisus (Seyrig, 1935), E. dubius (Tosquinet, 1896), E. grandiflavus Townes & Townes, 1973, E. odax Gauld & Mitchell, 1978, E. oweni Gauld & Mitchell, 1976, E. pacificus (Holmgren, 1868), E. pallidus (Taschenberg, 1875), E. rundiensis Bischoff, 1915, E. senescens (Tosquinet, 1896), Enicospilus sp. 1 and Enicospilus sp. 2 cf. bicoloratus Cameron, 1912. The unknown male of E. odax is described for the first time. The COI barcodes of 17 specimens were sequenced, compared to the existing data and uploaded to the BOLD Systems database. An illustrated key and an annotated faunistic list of all species of Enicospilus in Saudi Arabia are also provided. Finally, we discuss the biogeographical and ecological significance of the Enicospilus fauna in Saudi Arabia.