bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐frequency stimulation of corpus callosum suppresses epileptiform activity in the cortex through γ‐aminobutyric acid type B receptor and slow afterhyperpolarization‐mediated reduction in tissue excitability
Authors: Pakalapati Nrupen , Chiang Chia‐Chu , Durand Dominique M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveDeep brain stimulation, particularly low‐frequency stimulation (LFS) targeting fiber tracts, has emerged as a potential therapy for drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) and for generalized epilepsy, both of which pose significant treatment challenges. LFS diffusely suppresses seizures in the cortex when applied to fiber tracts like the corpus callosum (CC). Nevertheless, the specific processes responsible for suppressing epileptic activity in the cortex induced by LFS remain unclear. This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the antiepileptic effect in the cortex of LFS of the CC in coronal rodent brain slices.MethodsAn in vitro 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) seizure model of cortical seizures was generated. LFS stimulation parameters were optimized to provide the largest antiepileptic effect in the cortex when applied to the CC. Changes to tissue excitability and percent time spent seizing were measured due to LFS in artificial cerebrospinal fluid, 4‐AP, and in the presence of various specific and nonspecific γ‐aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) and slow afterhyperpolarization (sAHP) antagonists.ResultsLFS significantly suppressed seizure activity in the cortex, with an optimal frequency of 5 Hz (76.5%). Tissue excitability during LFS reduces across a wide range of interstimulus intervals, with a maximum reduction at 200 ms. Notably, the tissue excitability remains depressed at 1000 ms. LFS, in the presence of GABAB antagonists, had diminished seizure reduction (<15%) and failed to reduce tissue excitability in the 50–400‐ms range. Tissue excitability measured with paired pulses in the 600–1000‐ms range was depressed in the presence of GABAB antagonists, suggesting a different antiepileptic mechanism was active. Upon administering sAHP antagonists, seizure reduction was once again diminished (<15%). Upon administration of both sAHP and GABAB antagonists, LFS failed to provide any meaningful seizure reduction (<5%).SignificanceLFS of the CC provides an antiepileptic effect in the cortex with well‐understood mechanisms and could be an alternative to surgical intervention for patients suffering from DRE.
The Agoutis: A Future Model for Ecologically Relevant Neuroscience and Physiology In Natura
Authors: Sanguinetti‐Scheck J. I. , Gálvez D. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe overarching goal of neurobiology is to understand how complex behaviors are generated by the nervous system. The behavior of each species, and the brain that controls it, is shaped by the historical and current state of the environment that they inhabit. This fact is juxtaposed with the reductionist approach of neuroscience that isolates animals from their natural environment. Understanding how brains evolved to orchestrate the myriads of natural behaviors an animal performs in response to its environment requires an integrative approach to neuroscience that considers ecology, ethology, and evolution. Current technological developments are leading us to an inflection point at which studying brain functions in the wild is now possible. Ecological studies on how the environment affects behavior of animals (i.e., hibernation, foraging, food hoarding, and nest building) have framed a plurality of questions to be answered mechanistically, and yet, only few studies have addressed the relationship between the environment and the brain's anatomy and physiology. Neuroscience needs new animal models that allow us to tackle such questions in the wild. Here, we propose a new animal model for wild neuroscience, the agouti (Dasyprocta spp.), a large wild rodent playing a critical seasonal role in the maintenance of the central and south American rainforest ecosystems. We focus on how a rodent model, like the agouti, will allow for the investigation of large‐scale brain dynamics during seasonal behaviors of ecological importance: scatter‐hoarding and retrieval. We describe agouti evolution, ecology, and physiology as well as neuro‐anatomical and neurophysiological studies, which have set the foundation for future neuroscience in natura. We suggest agoutis have the potential to be a groundbreaking model for wild neuroscience.
Bidirectional associations between parenting stress and coparenting: A longitudinal actor‐partner interdependence analysis
Authors: Liu Li , Liu Wenxue , Ren Shuchang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough parents' parenting stress has been found to be related to coparenting, existing research has mostly focused only on one parent or examined the unidirectional effects between the two factors. The present study investigated the actor and partner effects as well as the bidirectional association between parents' parenting stress and coparenting in Chinese society. The study participants were 522 Chinese father−mother dyads with elementary school‐aged children who followed for two measurement occasions (half a year apart). The cross‐lagged actor‐partner interdependence model (APIM) was used to examine the actor effects and partner effects in the bidirectional associations between both parents' parenting stress and coparenting. The findings revealed that both fathers' and mothers' parenting stress significantly negatively predicted their spouses' coparenting (partner effects), and mothers' coparenting significantly negatively predicted their spouses' parenting stress (partner effects). However, the actor effects between parents' parenting stress and coparenting were not significant. Furthermore, there were significant bidirectional associations between fathers' parenting stress and mothers' coparenting. Findings from the present study reveal the dynamic interaction between parenting stress and coparenting. The results point to the need for providing preventive interventions to parents with high levels of parenting stress and establishing a collaborative interaction framework between parents.
Global Ecosystem Nitrogen Cycling Reciprocates Between Land‐Use Conversion and Its Reversal
Authors: Uwiragiye Yves , Wang Jing , Huang Yuanyuan , Wu Liangping , Zhou Jiake , Zhang Yanhui , Chen Meiqi , Jing Hang , Qian Yinfei , Elrys Ahmed S. , Cheng Yi , Cai Zucong , Xu Minggang , Chang Scott X. , Müller Christoph 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAnthropogenic land‐use practices influence ecosystem functions and the environment. Yet, the effect of global land‐use change on ecosystem nitrogen (N) cycling remains unquantified despite that ecosystem N cycling plays a critical role in maintaining food security. Here, we analysed 2430 paired observations globally to show that converting natural to managed ecosystems increases ratios of autotrophic nitrification to ammonium immobilisation and nitrate to ammonium, but decreases soil immobilisation of mineral N, causing increased N losses via leaching and gaseous N emissions, such as nitrous oxide (e.g., via denitrification), resulting in a leaky N cycle. Changing land use from intensively managed to one that resembles natural ecosystems reversed N losses by 108% on average, resulting in a more conservative N cycle. Structural equation modelling revealed that changes in soil organic carbon, pH and carbon to N ratio were more important than changes in soil moisture content and temperature in predicting ecosystem N retention capacities following land‐use conversion and its reversion. The hotspots of leaky N cycles were mostly in equatorial and tropical regions, as well as in Western Europe, the United States and China. Our results suggest that whether an ecosystem exhibits a conservative N cycle after land‐use reversion depends on management practices.
Introduction “street‐level bureaucracy, populism, and democratic backsliding”
Authors: Lotta Gabriela Spanghero , Piotrowska Barbara , Raaphorst Nadine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis special issue investigates the impact of populism and democratic backsliding on street‐level bureaucracy (SLB) across various countries and contexts. The cooccurrence of populism and democratic erosion significantly alters public administration, particularly affecting public sector employees responsible for policy implementation. This issue explores how populist strategies differ in their application to SLBs as compared to the Civil Service, the distinctive challenges SLBs encounter due to populism and democratic backsliding, and the pressures exacerbated during crises. By examining studies from Brazil, Mexico, Poland, Czechia, Hungary, Switzerland, and the United States, the papers highlight the interplay between political pressures and frontline service delivery. The findings underscore the necessity of understanding the relationship between democratic backsliding, populism, and SLBs, proposing a research agenda to further explore these dynamics and their implications for public administration and policy implementation.
Characteristics of diabetes mellitus patients with nonviral chronic liver disease who developed hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sasaki Kyo , Kawanaka Miwa , Tomiyama Yasuyuki , Takaki Akinobu , Otsuka Motoyuki , Ikeda Fusao , Yoshioka Naoko , Kaneto Hideaki , Wada Jun , Fukuda Tetsuya , Hino Keisuke , Nishina Sohji 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a well‐known risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, HCC is often diagnosed at an advanced stage in patients with diabetes because of the lack of the best criteria for surveillance candidates. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for HCC development in patients with diabetes with nonviral chronic liver disease.MethodThree hundred thirty T2DM patients with nonviral chronic liver disease who underwent surveillance for HCC by imaging techniques between 2009 and 2020 were enrolled in this multicenter cross‐sectional retrospective study. The clinical and laboratory parameters of patients with and without HCC were compared.ResultsAge ≥65 years, alcohol intake, lack of hepatic steatosis, triglyceride level <111 mg/dL, Mac2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) ≥0.9 cut‐off index (COI), α‐fetoprotein concentration ≥5 ng/mL, and des‐γ‐carboxy prothrombin concentration ≥26 mAU/mL were independently associated with HCC development. When stratified by age, only alcohol intake (odds ratio [OR] 114.19, p < 0.001) was associated with HCC development in patients aged <65 years, and medication for diabetes mellitus (OR 5.72, p = 0.001), lack of hepatic steatosis (OR 4.47, p = 0.002), lactate dehydrogenase ≥198 IU/L (OR 2.751, p = 0.031), M2BPGi ≥1.18 COI (OR 9.05, p < 0.001), and FIB‐4 index ≥2.59 (OR 3.22, p = 0.017) were associated with HCC development in patients aged ≥65 years.ConclusionsIn addition to age and advanced liver fibrosis, alcohol intake in younger T2DM patients and medication for DM and lack of hepatic steatosis in older T2DM patients should be considered for HCC surveillance by imaging.
Phenotype of patients with late diagnosis of 22q11 deletion: a review and retrospective study
Authors: Loh Marissa , Schildkraut Tamar , Byrnes Angela , Gelfand Nikki , Gugasyan Lucy , Horton Ari E. , Hunter Matthew F. , Ojaimi Samar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundChromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome, typically presenting in neonates with congenital cardiac anomalies, hypocalcaemia and thymic hypoplasia. Some patients are diagnosed later in adolescence and adulthood, with less known about the clinical phenotype of these patients.AimTo summarise key clinical features in cases of 22q11DS diagnosed during adolescence and adulthood.MethodsThis is a retrospective cohort study of 22q11DS patients diagnosed after 13 years of age over 2010–2021, with a literature review of published cases highlighting other late diagnoses. The study was performed in a large multicentre tertiary health network in Melbourne, Australia. Patients diagnosed with 22q11DS after the age of 13 years were included in the study. Main outcome measures were key clinical features in cases of late diagnosis of 22q11DS.ResultsA literature search yielded 53 published case reports and one cohort study for review (62 subjects). Additionally, 10 cases of late diagnosis of 22q11DS were identified through a retrospective electronic medical chart review. Findings suggest that intellectual disability and learning difficulties, hypocalcaemia with hypoparathyroidism and facial dysmorphism remain key features in patients with a late diagnosis of 22q11DS, with hypocalcaemia being the most common presentation leading to diagnosis. Patients diagnosed in adulthood may lack classical clinical features of congenital cardiac anomalies and thymic hypoplasia. Immunological consequences of 22q11DS are also an important late‐onset consideration. Atypical features may include basal ganglia calcification.ConclusionsChromosome 22q11DS has diverse clinical features and a highly variable phenotype, likely contributing to underdiagnosis and later diagnoses.
Epidemiology and outcome of medical emergency team calls within 48 hours of intensive care unit discharge
Authors: Ransom Jessica , See Emily , Eastwood Glenn , Opdam Helen , Bellomo Rinaldo , Jones Daryl 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundSome patients experience early (within 48 h) clinical deterioration and medical emergency team (MET) review following intensive care unit (ICU) discharge. Few studies have explored early MET review, despite it being a recognised quality and safety indicator.AimsTo evaluate the (i) proportion of patients discharged from ICU receiving MET review and timing of reviews; (ii) characteristics of patients who received early MET review and (iii) predictors of early MET review and associations with clinical outcomes.MethodsThis is a retrospective observational study of ICU discharges over 2 years in a tertiary hospital and involves descriptive and inferential statistics, including logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf 3712 patients, 312 (8.4%) had an early MET review. Patients with cardiothoracic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and general surgical diagnoses, higher illness severity or who received invasive ventilation had a higher risk of early MET review. On multivariable analysis, early MET review was associated with an increased risk of ICU re‐admission (odds ratio (OR) 6.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 5.01–9.13, P < 0.001), in‐hospital mortality (OR 3.62, 95% CI 2.19–5.99, P < 0.001) and discharge to a nursing home (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.25–4.97, P = 0.01). Length of stay was longer in patients requiring early post‐ICU MET review compared to those who did not (median 16 days vs. 10 days, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOne in 12 patients received post‐ICU early MET review. This was more likely in patients who were invasively ventilated, had higher illness severity and had certain admission diagnoses. Such patients were at risk for worse outcomes. There is a need to identify reversible factors contributing to such increased risk.
Authentic Leadership—A Concept Analysis
Authors: Almutairi Mariam , Timmins Fiona , Wise Patricia Yoder , Stokes Diarmuid , Alharbi Talal Ali F. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo report an analysis of the concept of authentic leadership.DesignConcept analysis.Data SourcesData sources included core databases: CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, ProQuest, APA PsycINFO, ERIC, ABI/Inform and Tomlinson's Nursing Core Collection (2010).MethodsWalker and Avant's method was used to identify descriptions, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents of the concept. Model, related and contrary cases were developed.ResultsDefining attributes were identified as self‐awareness, transparency, balanced processing, internalised moral perspective, caring, shared decision making and moral/ethical courage. Antecedents were authenticity, positive psychological capacities, life experiences, leadership development programme, supportive organisational climate and an ethical climate. Consequences are employee well‐being and satisfaction, positive work environment and enhanced performance and safety.ConclusionWhile authentic leadership is an emerging and popular leadership approach, there are gaps in relation to agreed definitions. Moreover, core textbooks within the subject area also fail to provide these definitions. This concept analysis represents the first comprehensive and robust analysis of the concept of authentic leadership that will serve to reliably inform research, education and practice.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThis analysis reveals that authentic leadership can have a positive effect on staff well‐being and satisfaction, their work environment, performance and ultimately safety. This has potential for a positive impact on patient care and patient outcomes by fostering an ethical and supportive work environment.ImpactThis study revealed a new comprehensive understanding of authentic leadership that provides conceptual clarity that will guide research and practice in the field, which refines the existing understanding, highlighting essential attributes and their relevance in nursing practice.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Sociodemographic Characteristics of Internationally Educated Nurses Associated With Successful Outcomes in Canada: Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Alostaz Nasrin , Mo Jiajie , Walton‐Roberts Margaret , Chen Ruth , Pratt Maria , Wahoush Olive 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsThis article describes the sociodemographic characteristics of internationally educated nurses since the change in the registration examination in 2015. It aims to investigate the association between internationally educated nurses' sociodemographic characteristics and their successful integration into the nursing workforce in Canada.DesignCross‐sectional and secondary data survey questions.MethodsThis study adopts a cross‐sectional and secondary data analysis, utilising data from IENs who engaged with internationally educated nurse initiatives such as the Creating Access to Regulated Employment Centre for Internationally Educated Nurses (CARE) or initiated the registration process with the College of Nurses of Ontario (CNO) in 2015 and after.ResultsThere were 259 participants, with 155 participants from primary data collection and 104 participants from secondary data sources. Quantitative analysis reveals that most participants are females, under 40 years old, educated in English and hold at least a bachelor's degree in nursing, with 47.3% of internationally educated nurses migrated from India and the Philippines. Significant associations were identified between internationally educated nurses having CARE membership and the currency of nursing practice and their successful outcomes.ConclusionRecognising and addressing the unique needs of IENs is essential for their successful integration into the Canadian healthcare workforce, thereby ensuring resilience and cultural competence in nursing for the future.Implications for the ProfessionThis analysis highlights the impact of sociodemographic characteristics of internationally educated nurses on their successful outcomes and underscores the diversity and richness they bring to the healthcare landscape. Since internationally educated nurses continue to experience challenges while integrating into the Canadian nursing workforce, these findings have substantial implications for nursing policy, practice, professional development and research.
Intravenous Line Labels For High‐Alert Drugs Administered To Critically Ill Patients: A Simulated Experimental Assessment
Authors: de Kassio Nunes Geovane , Araújo Bruna Gonçalves Ribeiro , Rentz Letícia Braga Portes Alves , Camerini Flávia Giron , da Costa Machado Duarte Sabrina , Campos Juliana Faria , da Silva Rafael Celestino 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAims and ObjectivesEvaluate the effect of IV line labels on nurses' identification of high‐alert medications in a simulated scenario of multiple infusions for critically ill patients.DesignRandomised crossover simulation experimental study.MethodsA study was conducted on 29 nurses working in intensive care for over 6 months. They were given two critical scenarios in a simulated environment, one with labels and the other without labels, involving multiple intravenous infusions. The nurses had to identify the medications infused into the critical patients' intravenous lines and disconnect a specific line. The data were collected and analysed to evaluate the errors made by the nurses in identifying and disconnecting the medications and the time they spent carrying out the tasks. The Wilcoxon test was used to analyse the variation in outcome before and after the intervention.ResultsApproximately one‐third of the study participants incorrectly identified the intravenous lines in both scenarios. There was no significant difference in the average number of errors between the scenarios with and without labels. However, the time taken to perform the tasks in the scenario with labels was 1 min less than in the scenario without labels, suggesting a potential efficiency gain.ConclusionsThe labels on the intravenous lines allowed for quick drug identification and disconnection. The professionals performed similarly in correctly recognising the high‐alert medication intravenous lines, in the scenarios with or without labels.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe label can be used as a technology to prevent misidentification of high‐alert medications administered to critically ill patients through intravenous lines, thereby enhancing medication safety in healthcare institutions.No Public Contribution.
Physical Symptoms and Coping Strategies With Earthquake Stress Among Adults Living in Tent Cities: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Akca Ayşegül , Bilgehan Tuğba , Karşıgil Perver , Dünder Emre , Ayaz‐Alkaya Sultan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimThis study aimed to examine the physical symptoms, coping strategies for earthquake stress and factors predicting coping strategies among adults staying in tent cities after an earthquake.DesignA cross‐sectional design was conducted.MethodsThe study sample consisted of 706 adults residing in tent cities in three cities of earthquake‐affected regions. Data were collected through face‐to‐face surveys and the Earthquake Coping Strategies Scale, starting from the 16th day after the earthquake in February–March 2023. Independent samples t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance, McNemar test and multiple linear regression analysis used for data analysis.ResultsThe first three physical symptoms with the highest frequency after the earthquake were insomnia, frequent waking and difficulty falling asleep, respectively. Individuals with chronic illnesses, lower education levels, no previous experience with earthquakes and having undamaged homes more frequently used religious coping strategies. Individuals with higher incomes, employed individuals, non‐smokers and those with having undamaged homes more frequently used positive reappraisal strategies.ConclusionThe present study concluded that physical symptoms were common among individuals in the post‐earthquake period and that many individuals adopted religious coping strategies.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareNurses can develop effective interventions for preventing physical and mental health problems in the post‐earthquake period. They can contribute significantly as caregivers, leaders, researchers and advisors in health monitoring and improvement practices for individuals after earthquakes.ImpactThe results of the study are instructive for designing prevention and improvement practices to minimise future destructive effects of earthquakes. Individuals mostly experienced sleep problems and preferred different coping styles in the early post‐earthquake period. The physical and mental health of individuals can be improved by early intervention and encouraging effective coping methods after an earthquake.Reporting MethodSTROBE checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public involvement.