bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the prevalence of dexamethasone use in patients undergoing surgery, and subsequent glucose measurements: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sudlow Alexis , O'Connor Henry M , Narwani Vishal , Swafe Leyla , Dhatariya Ketan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA single dose of glucocorticoid can cause hyperglycaemia. Hyperglycaemia is associated with poor outcomes in all surgical specialties. Dexamethasone is widely used to prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting. We aimed to assess how many individuals were given dexamethasone as part of their general anaesthetic regimen, and how many had a subsequent capillary blood glucose concentration measured during the next 24 hours.We undertook a retrospective case‐note analysis, set in a single centre teaching hospital, of all patients undergoing surgery during one week in August 2013. In terms of interventions and measurements, we assessed how many patients were given dexamethasone perioperatively and the number of patients who had a capillary blood glucose concentration measured during the subsequent 24 hours.It was found that 373 patients had had a general anaesthetic; 18 sets of case notes were unavailable. A total of 234 patients (66%) had dexamethasone. Twenty of the 355 (5.7%) had a blood glucose measured prior to surgery, 14 of whom had diabetes. Only 16/355 (4.5%) people had a blood glucose level measured during the first 24 hours after surgery. All of these had diabetes.Despite evidence that postoperative hyperglycaemia is associated with harm, and that glucocorticoids are associated with hyperglycaemia, glucose levels are not commonly measured after dexamethasone administration. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons.
Suicide attempts and self‐injurious behaviours in adolescent and adult patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Goodman Marianne , Tomas Irene Alvarez , Temes Christina M. , Fitzmaurice Garrett M. , Aguirre Blaise A. , Zanarini Mary C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivePrevalence data on self‐mutilation and suicide attempts for adolescent borderline personality disorder (BPD) are currently not available. The purpose of this paper was to determine the frequency and methods of two forms of physically self‐destructive acts (i.e. self‐mutilation and suicide attempts) reported by adolescent borderline inpatients in one of the largest samples to date and to compare these results with a similarly diagnosed and assessed group of adult borderline inpatients.MethodsA total of 104 adolescent inpatients with BPD and 290 adult inpatients with BPD were interviewed about their lifetime history of physically self‐destructive acts.ResultsThe overall rates of self‐mutilation (about 90%) and suicide attempts (about 75%) were similar during index admission for both adolescent and adult borderline patients. However, adolescents reported significantly higher rates of extreme levels of lifetime self‐mutilation (e.g. >25 and >50 episodes) and cutting in particular, as compared with adult BPD. In contrast, borderline adults were significantly more likely to report a history of numerous (five or more) suicide attempts than adolescents with BPD.ConclusionsSelf‐mutilation and suicide attempts among adolescent borderline patients are prevalent and serious. Taken together, these results suggest that extreme levels of self‐mutilation distinguish adolescent BPD from adults with BPD. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A rapid expression and purification condition screening protocol for membrane protein structural biology
Authors: Sjöstrand Dan , Diamanti Riccardo , Lundgren Camilla A. K. , Wiseman Benjamin , Högbom Martin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMembrane proteins control a large number of vital biological processes and are often medically important—not least as drug targets. However, membrane proteins are generally more difficult to work with than their globular counterparts, and as a consequence comparatively few high‐resolution structures are available. In any membrane protein structure project, a lot of effort is usually spent on obtaining a pure and stable protein preparation. The process commonly involves the expression of several constructs and homologs, followed by extraction in various detergents. This is normally a time‐consuming and highly iterative process since only one or a few conditions can be tested at a time. In this article, we describe a rapid screening protocol in a 96‐well format that largely mimics standard membrane protein purification procedures, but eliminates the ultracentrifugation and membrane preparation steps. Moreover, we show that the results are robustly translatable to large‐scale production of detergent‐solubilized protein for structural studies. We have applied this protocol to 60 proteins from an E. coli membrane protein library, in order to find the optimal expression, solubilization and purification conditions for each protein. With guidance from the obtained screening data, we have also performed successful large‐scale purifications of several of the proteins. The protocol provides a rapid, low cost solution to one of the major bottlenecks in structural biology, making membrane protein structures attainable even for the small laboratory.
Experimental charge density from electron microscopic maps
Authors: Wang Jimin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe charge density (CD) distribution of an atom is the difference per unit volume between the positive charge of its nucleus and the distribution of the negative charges carried by the electrons that are associated with it. The CDs of the atoms in macromolecules are responsible for their electrostatic potential (ESP) distributions, which can now be visualized using cryo‐electron microscopy at high resolution. CD maps can be recovered from experimental ESP density maps using the negative Laplacian operation. CD maps are easier to interpret than ESP maps because they are less sensitive to long‐range electrostatic effects. An ESP‐to‐CD conversion involves multiplication of amplitudes of structure factors as Fourier transforms of these maps in reciprocal space by 1/d2, wheredis the resolution of reflections. In principle, it should be possible to determine the charges carried by the individual atoms in macromolecules by comparing experimental CD maps with experimental ESP maps.
A new cynodont from the Santa Maria formation, south Brazil, improves Late Triassic probainognathian diversity
Authors: Martinelli Agustín G. , Eltink Estevan , Da‐Rosa Átila A. S. , Langer Max C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe fossil record of non‐mammaliaform probainognathian cynodonts is outstanding in the Late Triassic rocks of Brazil and Argentina. Approximately 15 genera are known, providing unique insights in the study of the major skeletal transformations prior to the mammalian condition. Globally, the diversity of probainognathians is possibly under‐represented, as the discovery of small‐ to very small‐sized taxa based on relatively well‐preserved specimens is rare. Several species, for example much of the Laurasian record, are based on isolated teeth and jaw fragments. Here, we describe a new probainognathian from the Late Carnian Hyperodapedon Assemblage Zone of the Santa Maria Formation, south Brazil. Alemoatherium huebneri gen. et sp. nov. is based on a left lower jaw with almost complete dentition that exhibits a combination of features not seen in any other known probainognathian. Its slender lower jaw, anterodorsally bent process of the dentary, high number of lower incisors, reduced canine, triconodont‐like postcanine teeth with mesiolingual and distolingual cingular cusps are all features that support the inclusion of A. huebneri as a member of the Prozostrodontia clade. This new find highlights the conspicuous probainognathian cynodont fossil record in southern Brazil, with a plethora of forms near the mammalian origin.
Improved technical success, postnatal outcome and refined predictors of outcome for fetal aortic valvuloplasty
Authors: Friedman K. G. , Sleeper L. A. , Freud L. R. , Marshall A. C. , Godfrey M. E. , Drogosz M. , Lafranchi T. , Benson C. B. , Wilkins‐Haug L. E. , Tworetzky W. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesFetal aortic valvuloplasty (FAV) may prevent progression of mid‐gestation aortic stenosis to hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS). The aim of this study was to evaluate whether technical success and biventricular (Biv) outcome after FAV have changed from an earlier (2000–2008) to a more recent (2009–2015) era and identify pre‐FAV predictors of Biv outcome.MethodsWe evaluated procedural and postnatal outcomes in 123 fetuses that underwent FAV for evolving HLHS at Boston Children's Hospital between 2000 and 2015. The primary outcome measure was circulation type (Biv vs single ventricle) at the time of neonatal hospital discharge. Classification and regression tree (CART) analysis was performed to construct a stratification algorithm to predict Biv circulation based on pre‐FAV fetal variables.ResultsThe FAV procedure was technically successful in 101/123 (82%) fetuses, with a higher technical success rate in the more recent era than in the earlier one (49/52 (94%) vs 52/71 (73%); P = 0.003). In liveborn patients, the incidence of Biv outcome was higher in the recent than in the earlier era, both in the entire liveborn cohort (29/49 (59%) vs 16/62 (26%); P = 0.001) and in those in whom the procedure was technically successful (27/46 (59%) vs 15/47 (32%); P = 0.007). Independent predictors of Biv outcome were higher left ventricular (LV) pressure, larger ascending aorta, better LV diastolic function and higher LV long‐axis Z‐score. On CART analysis, fetuses with LV pressure > 47 mmHg and ascending aorta Z‐score ≥ 0.57 had a 92% probability of Biv outcome (n = 24). Those with a lower LV pressure, or mitral dimension Z‐score < 0.1 and mitral valve inflow time Z‐score < –2 (n = 34) were unlikely to have Biv (probability of 9%). The remainder of the patients had an intermediate (∼40–60%) likelihood of Biv circulation.ConclusionsThe proportion of patients achieving Biv outcome after FAV has increased, probably owing to an improved technical success rate and modified selection criteria. Fetal factors, including LV pressure, size of the ascending aorta and diastolic function, are associated with likelihood of Biv circulation after FAV. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Contributions and perspectives from geography to the study of climate
Authors: Randalls Samuel 
Published: May 2017

Geographers have played an important and sometimes controversial role in the study of climate during the 20th century. This review traces the historical contributions of geographical scholarship to the study of climate in two primary areas: statistical, descriptive climatology and research in climate and society. It draws out the specifically geographical nature of climatological work in the 20th century, looking at the role of maps, classifications, and historical statistics in describing and potentially explaining climatic cycles, patterns, and processes. Geographers were keen to demonstrate the broader linkages between climate and the physical environment and humankind, such that applications of climatological expertise were crucial to economic development, imperialism and local scales, particularly the urban scale. This led geographers into insightful interdisciplinary applications, but also rather more awkward themes such as climatic determinism. The review draws out both the positive and negative aspects of geography's contribution to understandings of climate. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e466. doi: 10.1002/wcc.466This article is categorized under:

Climate, History, Society, Culture > Disciplinary Perspectives
The influence of time since introduction on the population growth of introduced species and the consequences for management
Authors: Yokomizo Hiroyuki , Takada Takenori , Fukaya Keiichi , Lambrinos John G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSeveral processes likely act to change the demographic rates of introduced species over time, and this changing demography could influence the optimal management of invasive populations. Optimal management strategies should be derived based on the demography. However, we have a poor understanding of the degree to which the demography of introduced species changes following initial introduction. We used published matrix population models of introduced plant populations to test how population growth rate and elasticity change with time since introduction. We did not find a significant relationship between population growth rate and time since introduction. However, elasticity to stasis increased while elasticity to growth decreased with time since introduction. Broadly, as time since introduction progressed the elasticities of the introduced plant populations became more similar to those that have been reported for native species. These results suggest that the optimal management strategy should be derived incorporating elasticity through time, especially when the time scope of management is long or the available demographic data were obtained in the past.
Fed-batch hydrolysate addition and cell separation by settling in high cell density lignocellulosic ethanol fermentations on AFEX™ corn stover in the Rapid Bioconversion with Integrated recycling Technology process
Authors: Sarks Cory , Jin Mingjie , Balan Venkatesh , Dale Bruce E 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The Rapid Bioconversion with Integrated recycling Technology (RaBIT) process uses enzyme and yeast recycling to improve cellulosic ethanol production economics. The previous versions of the RaBIT process exhibited decreased xylose consumption using cell recycle for a variety of different micro-organisms. Process changes were tested in an attempt to eliminate the xylose consumption decrease. Three different RaBIT process changes were evaluated in this work including (1) shortening the fermentation time, (2) fed-batch hydrolysate addition, and (3) selective cell recycling using a settling method. Shorting the RaBIT fermentation process to 11 h and introducing fed-batch hydrolysate addition eliminated any xylose consumption decrease over ten fermentation cycles; otherwise, decreased xylose consumption was apparent by the third cell recycle event. However, partial removal of yeast cells during recycle was not economical when compared to recycling all yeast cells.
Parental Perspectives on Pharmacological Clinical Trials: a Qualitative Study in Down Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Reines Victoria , Charen Krista , Rosser Tracie , Eisen Arri , Sherman Stephanie L. , Visootsak Jeannie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractResearch studies focusing on parents’ perspectives of pharmacological clinical trials have not kept pace with the number of emerging pharmacologic clinical trials in Down syndrome (DS) and Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Since individuals with DS or FXS have limited cognitive ability to make decisions about their participation in clinical trials, it is important to consider the parents’ perspectives and explore the ways in which decisions are made for their children. Using a semi‐structured interview, we enrolled 9 parents of a child(ren) with FXS and 15 with a child with DS to analyze their views, experiences, and knowledge of pharmacological clinical trials. Although our study is preliminary in nature, it revealed that parents are generally supportive of pharmacological clinical trials, yet there may be concerns about safety and long‐term implications and consideration for their child in the decision process. There is also parental misunderstanding of the objectives of pharmacological clinical trials; thus, it is important for pharmaceutical companies, study investigators, clinicians/medical professionals, and parent advocacy groups to collaborate to provide appropriate and up‐to‐date educational resources that fully explain the risks and benefits of clinical trials.
Regularized Generalized Canonical Correlation Analysis: A Framework for Sequential Multiblock Component Methods
Authors: Tenenhaus Michel , Tenenhaus Arthur , Groenen Patrick J. F. 
Published: May 2017

A new framework for sequential multiblock component methods is presented. This framework relies on a new version of regularized generalized canonical correlation analysis (RGCCA) where various scheme functions and shrinkage constants are considered. Two types of between block connections are considered: blocks are either fully connected or connected to the superblock (concatenation of all blocks). The proposed iterative algorithm is monotone convergent and guarantees obtaining at convergence a stationary point of RGCCA. In some cases, the solution of RGCCA is the first eigenvalue/eigenvector of a certain matrix. For the scheme functions x, |x|\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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GIS-Based Spatial and Temporal Investigation of Groundwater Level Fluctuations Under Rice-Wheat Ecosystem over Haryana
Authors: Singh Omvir , Kasana Amrita 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
Groundwater irrigation is the most predominant method used across India and about 50% of the total irrigated area is dependent on it. The state of Haryana has witnessed a spectacular increase in agricultural production in the last few decades, and is largely dependent on groundwater for irrigation. Groundwater mining for irrigation has become a reality in the state over the years as the number of tube wells has increased from 0.02 million in 1966 to 0.73 million in 2012, showing alarming signs of over-exploitation. The impact of increased groundwater irrigation on groundwater levels has not been studied both spatially and temporally. Therefore, this study has been undertaken to investigate the groundwater level fluctuations in the state using geographical information system (GIS) from the groundwater level data of 893 observation wells obtained from Groundwater Cell, Department of Agriculture, Government of Haryana, Panchkula, for the period 2004-12. Many researchers have applied GIS to reveal the spatial and temporal structure of groundwater level fluctuation and as a management and decision tool. The analysis of results indicated a mix of negative and positive trends in the groundwater levels. However, the negative trends were much more pronounced than positive ones. Groundwater level in the state ranged between 0.16 to 65.97 m from the ground surface and per cent area with groundwater level depth more than 10 meter (critical category) was about 56% in 2004 and has increased to 64% by 2012. The average annual decline in groundwater level was observed to be above 32 cm/year, with the strongest decline (108.9 cm/year) in Kurukshetra district.
Geochemistry of Manasbal Lake Sediments, Kashmir: Weathering, Provenance and Tectonic Setting
Authors: Babeesh C. , Lone Aasif , Achyuthan Hema 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
This paper presents a detailed sediment chemistry investigation of the Manasbal lake, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is one of the high altitude lakes in the Kashmir valley. 22 lake floor sediment samples covering the entire lake were collected and analyzed for textural characteristics, CaCO3, organic matter, TOC, TN contents, C/N ratio, major and trace element chemistry. These analyses were conducted to trace the provenance of the sediments. Textural parameters reveal that the lake sediments consist predominantly clay and silt fractions. The C/N ratio of the sediments indicates a mixed source of TOC, both autochthonous and allochthonous in origin. The log (Fe2O3/K2O) Vs. log (SiO2/Al2O3) graph of the sediments discriminates the rock types of the catchment area that are Fe-shale, Fe-sand, wacke, shale and litharenite. The Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) falls between 59.11 to 90.16% and Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW) between 63.97 to 99.68% and these values are higher than the Post-Archaean Australian Shale (PAAS), indicating moderate to highly chemically weathered lake floor sediments. Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA) values (60.74-99.63%) suggests the occurrence of plagioclase feldspars in the lake floor sediments. Geochemical characteristics signify a mixed-nature of provenance of the lake floor sediments due to the tectonic settings of the lake basin in a complex catchment area.
A New Method for Processing of Low-Grade Monazite Concentrates
Authors: Borai E. H. , Hamed Mostafa M. , El-Din A. M. Shahr 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
It is very tedious to separate thorium and rare earth elements from their accompanying constituents in low-grade monazite (concentrate 50%) containing large amount of phosphorus species, illiminite, silica and zircon. Therefore, trials have been suggested to develop a new procedure to enhance the separation process of the light lanthanides from low-grade Egyptian monazite concentrates. The first point is focused on the removal of phosphorus species from the digested low-grade monazite with sulfuric acid in order to get more convenient separation. The removal was accomplished by extractive washing of sulfate paste with different alcohols. The results showed that the extractive removal of phosphorus species was not effective due to the complex nature of low-grade monazite concentrate. The second point is focused on the enhancement of separation process of uranium, thorium and rare earth elements by new ratio of sulfuric acid and develops the classical separation process. By this modified procedure, the overall results obtained revealed that the unleached residue contains mainly Si, Fe, Zr, and Ti while the elements of main consideration such as uranium, thorium and light rare earth elements were completely leached. Thorium and light rare earth elements (LREEs) were directly separated as white precipitate while the uranium was moved to the green acid solution with most of phosphorus species. This throws light on the possibility of separation of thorium and light rare earth elements from uranium, which represents a novel method.
Lifangitis esclerosante no venérea del pene. Presentación de 2 casos y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Rivero Rodríguez Wilmer , Pradilla Valbuena Juliana 
Published: May 2017

ResumenLa linfangitis esclerosante no venérea del pene es una afección benigna, caracterizada por un cordón indurado e indoloro, en la proximidad del surco balanoprepucial que puede o no estar acompañado de dolor durante las relaciones sexuales. Afecta a hombres de diferentes edades, siendo más probable en su periodo de mayor actividad sexual, que ha sido relacionada en el marco de otras enfermedades siendo su principal diagnóstico diferencial la enfermedad de Mondor del pene, en la cual se evidencia una trombosis de la vena dorsal superficial del pene. Debido a que su curso es autolimitado en la mayoría de los pacientes, existe un subregistro de los casos, además de generar controversia en su abordaje terapéutico. Presentamos 2 casos de pacientes adultos jóvenes que ingresaron a nuestra institución, y fueron diagnosticados con esta enfermedad, en el primer semestre de 2016.