bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prenatal (Second Trimester and Third Trimester) and Postnatal (Third and Fourth Week After Birth) Developmental Radiological Investigation of Sheep Skulls
Authors: Güzel Barış Can , Işbilir Fatma 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTThe skull is a complex, vital structure made up of many bones. It has been observed that studies on skulls help to determine species and sex. In recent years, craniometric studies have been frequently used to determine morphometric features in animals. In our study, 150 skulls were studied, 50 from the second trimester (25 males and 25 females), 50 from the third trimester (25 males and 25 females), and 50 from the third and fourth week after birth (25 males and 25 females). The skulls were sectioned by computerised tomography and stored in DICOM format. From the images, nine different measurements and five index calculations were made. The similarities and differences between species were determined by ignoring sex differences. Correlation analyses were performed to compare measurement parameters between animal species. In addition, the results of statistical analyses between sexes were evaluated without species distinction. SL, CW and ICI parameters were highly statistically significant between measurements in the second trimester, third trimester and postnatal group (p < 0.01). In the third trimester, the EHC measurement parameter was found to be highly significant between males and female (p < 0.01). In Table 5, the CL parameter was positively correlated with CW, IHC, EHC, ILC, ELC, FMW and FMH. There are very few studies on foetal development. It is predicted that the data obtained can be used in zoo‐archaeology, anatomy, surgery and forensic medicine. In addition, radiographic determination of craniometric features will help in the treatment and prognosis of diseases.
Playing the sycophant card: The logic and consequences of professing loyalty to the autocrat
Authors: Baturo Alexander , Khokhlov Nikita , Tolstrup Jakob 
Published: August 2024

AbstractDespite the centrality of the loyalty–competence framework in research on authoritarian politics, scholars have only focused on material aspects of what elites do in their service to the dictator. Yet nonmaterial aspects such as sycophantically praising the autocrat in speech—a common, everyday practice under authoritarianism, have been ignored. We propose a novel theory to explain under what conditions elites “overpraise” the ruler and imitate his rhetoric, and whether they will be rewarded. We test the empirical implications through semisupervised text analysis and an original dataset of almost 1000 annual legislative addresses of Russian governors. Contrary to common assumptions that sycophancy is uniform across elites, we find that governors who are politically and economically vulnerable and without alternative career paths behave more sycophantically and show that they survive in office longer. Our results have important implications for how personality cults develop and how dictators navigate the loyalty–competence trade‐off.
Question mark in Landia
Authors: Saffitz Jane L. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhat happens when we remove key specificities that orient ethnography? Based on 30 months of fieldwork somewhere and set in fictional Landia, this piece eschews conventional ways of representing ethnographic encounters—through specific matterings of people and place—for disquieting generality. Against vague references to violence by Snatchers and a movement to protect the Marked, I foreground the affective experiences of two interlocutors without relying on taken‐for‐granted specificities that structure modes of seeing. This reveals how power operates through the reproduction of embodied difference, even within movements by and for people with non‐normative bodyminds; and how generality as a method of creative ethnographic writing can reveal otherwise eclipsed strands of meaning and experience. Despite being Marked, Yuli and Adan do not see themselves in discourses about markedness. As a result, they question processes of categorization, identification, and marginalization in social movements. My goal is to dwell in these moments where operative narratives unravel, and people overspill their categories. Asking what a messier crip politics of difference might do for those with forms of markedness, this piece encourages readers to envision activist‐adjacent modes of redress that acknowledge complicity and entanglement, embrace accountability and repair, and build solidarity across forms of difference.
The mediating effect of firm familiarity between corporate social responsibility and reputation, trust, and customer satisfaction
Authors: Homer Stephen T. , Berezina Elizaveta B. , Gill Colin Mathew Hugues D. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWhen assessing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and its impact on company performance there may be an informational asymmetry caused by differences in Familiarity with the firm assessed. This study uses participants' ratings of six large UK retailers to establish the direct relationships between the CSR components of Economic, Legal, Ethical, and Discretionary, and the firm performance dimensions of Reputation, Trust, and Customer Satisfaction, then explores whether Familiarity mediates the relationships between the CSR and the performance dimensions. The findings show CSR Economic, Legal, and Discretionary are associated with firm Reputation and Trust, but not Customer Satisfaction, and that CSR Ethical is associated with Reputation, Trust, and Customer Satisfaction. Familiarity acts as a mediator between CSR Economic, Legal and Discretionary, and Trust and Customer Satisfaction. Familiarity also mediates the relationship between CSR Discretionary and Reputation. The link between CSR Economic and Legal, and Customer Satisfaction only emerges in mediation analysis. Managerial implications suggest increasing familiarity is vital through open and continuous communication about CSR programs is essential to keep customers aware. Methodological implications propose reevaluating the methods used to measure (CSR), taking into consideration its' multi‐faceted nature and the diverse impacts that different aspects have on familiarity and performance measures.
Social sharing of emotion during the collective crisis of COVID‐19
Authors: Ma Gloria W. S. , Schöne Jonas P. , Parkinson Brian 
Published: August 2024

AbstractWe collected data from two sources – social media and online questionnaires – to investigate the emotional consequences of social sharing during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Study 1 tracked and analysed sentiment of tweets posted over the course of a month in the crisis period and found that users who tweeted more frequently about COVID‐19 expressed decreasing negative sentiment and increasing positive sentiment over time. Granger causality tests confirmed that this association was better interpreted in the forward direction (sharing levels predicting sentiment) than in the reverse direction (sentiment predicting sharing levels). Study 2 focused on immediate emotional consequences of sharing COVID‐19‐related events and found that participants reported improved overall affect about an event after sharing it, especially when that event was a personal experience rather than a news story. Reported positive feelings about both kinds of events were also significantly higher after sharing. Taken together, both studies suggested that social sharing is linked with emotional relief and may therefore help people to deal with their negative experiences during a persistent collective crisis.
DNA damage induced PARP‐1 overactivation confers paclitaxel‐induced neuropathic pain by regulating mitochondrial oxidative metabolism
Authors: Ge Meng‐meng , Hu Jun‐jie , Zhou Ya‐qun , Tian Yu‐ke , Liu Zhi‐heng , Yang Hui , Zhou Yi‐rong , Qiu Qiu , Ye Da‐wei 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsPoly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) has been extensively investigated in human cancers. Recent studies verified that current available PARP inhibitors (Olaparib or Veliparib) provided clinical palliation of clinical patients suffering from paclitaxel‐induced neuropathic pain (PINP). However, the underlying mechanism of PARP overactivation in the development of PINP remains to be investigated.Methods and ResultsWe reported induction of DNA oxidative damage, PARP‐1 overactivation, and subsequent nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) depletion as crucial events in the pathogenesis of PINP. Therefore, we developed an Olaparib PROTAC to achieve the efficient degradation of PARP. Continuous intrathecal injection of Olaparib PROTAC protected against PINP by inhibiting the activity of PARP‐1 in rats. PARP‐1, but not PARP‐2, was shown to be a crucial enzyme in the development of PINP. Specific inhibition of PARP‐1 enhanced mitochondrial redox metabolism partly by upregulating the expression and deacetylase activity of sirtuin‐3 (SIRT3) in the dorsal root ganglions and spinal cord in the PINP rats. Moreover, an increase in the NAD+ level was found to be a crucial mechanism by which PARP‐1 inhibition enhanced SIRT3 activity.ConclusionThe findings provide a novel insight into the mechanism of DNA oxidative damage in the development of PINP and implicate PARP‐1 as a possible therapeutic target for clinical PINP treatment.
The war in Ukraine is changing plausible future socioeconomic scenarios leading to an unexplored outlook for biodiversity
Authors: Vincent Claire , Cristiano Andrea , Cuadros‐Casanova Ivon , Pacifici Michela , Soria Carmen D. , Tedeschi Lisa , Beekmann Milena , D'alessio Alessandra , Lucas Pablo M. , Nania Dario , Rondinini Carlo 
Published: August 2024

AbstractShared socioeconomic pathways are a key tool in predicting biodiversity scenarios and in the subsequent design of environmental policies. Here, we discuss how recent policy changes to global trade routes, agriculture, and energy production in response to the war in Ukraine are impacting socioeconomic scenarios used to set and assess biodiversity targets. We also discuss how the disruption to the global geopolitical landscape provides a window of opportunity for policy reform and the radical societal paradigm shift that is needed to tackle the global biodiversity crisis. We call for the re‐evaluation of biodiversity targets with newly developed scenarios that reflect the changes made to production and consumption patterns. We also recommend establishing national biodiversity working groups to screen proposed policies for their potential risks to the drivers of biodiversity change, since policy decisions made in response to the war that seemingly are far removed from the environment can have lasting impacts on nature.
Adherence to glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nationwide registry study
Authors: Lassen Mats C. H. , Johansen Niklas Dyrby , Modin Daniel , Catarig Andrei‐Mircea , Vistisen Bodil Kjeldgaard , Amadid Hanan , Zimmermann Esther , Gislason Gunnar , Biering‐Sørensen Tor 
Published: August 2024

AbstractAimsTo assess the level of adherence to glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) treatment using real‐world data and to investigate the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with discontinuation of GLP‐1RAs.MethodsFirst‐time users of GLP‐1RAs with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), aged ≥18 years, in the period 2007 to 2020, were identified using Danish registries, allowing all participants a minimum of 18 months’ follow‐up. Adherence to GLP‐1RA therapy (medication possession ratio >0.80) and discontinuation of GLP‐1RA therapy was estimated at 6‐ and 12‐month follow‐ups. Multivariable cause‐specific Cox regression was used to identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with risk of discontinuation.ResultsIn total, 44 343 first‐time users of GLP‐1RAs with T2DM were identified (mean age 58.6 years, 42.7% female, median duration of T2DM 6.8 years, median glycated haemoglobin level 65 mmol/mol). The absolute risk of discontinuing GLP‐1RA treatment within 6 months was 14.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 13.9–14.6) and 21.2% (95% CI 20.8–21.5) within 12 months. At 6 months, 50.4% were adherent to GLP‐1RA therapy and at 12 months, 48.6% remained adherent. In the multivariable model, younger (<40 years) and older age (>75 years), higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score, lower household income, high school and longer university degree as educational attainment level, and longer diabetes duration were associated with a higher risk of discontinuing GLP‐1RA treatment.ConclusionApproximately one in five patients discontinued GLP‐1RA therapy within the first 12 months and only half were adherent. Overall, lower socioeconomic status and higher comorbidity burden were associated with higher risk of discontinuing GLP‐1RA treatment.
Double‐orifice mitral valve associated with mild mitral stenosis and coarctation of the aortic isthmus: A rare case of incomplete form of Shone's syndrome
Authors: Yang Lei , Zheng Shuang , Xiao Fei , Xiao Bin , Zheng Guang‐mei , Li Tiantian , Jing Hong‐xia 
Published: August 2024

AbstractShone's syndrome (SS) is a rare congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by a spectrum of developmental abnormalities. It predominantly presents as consisting of a variety of left ventricular inflow and outflow tract lesions, with inflow tract lesions typically including parachute mitral valve and supravalvular mitral ring. However, reports of SS involving double‐orifice mitral valve are scarce.
The hinge‐1 domain of Flna is not necessary for diverse physiological functions in mice
Authors: Wade Emma M. , Goodin Elizabeth A. , Morgan Tim , Pereira Stephana , Woolley Adele G. , Jenkins Zandra A. , Daniel Philip B. , Robertson Stephen P. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe filamins are cytoskeletal binding proteins that dynamically crosslink actin into orthogonal networks or bundle it into stress fibres. The domain structure of filamin proteins is very well characterised, with an N‐terminal actin‐binding region, followed by 24 immunoglobulin‐like repeat units. The repeat domains are separated into distinct segments by two regions of low‐complexity known as hinge‐1 and hinge‐2. The role of hinge‐1 especially has been proposed to be essential for protein function as it provides flexibility to the otherwise rigid protein, and is a target for cleavage by calpain. Hinge‐1 protects cells from otherwise destructive forces, and the products of calpain cleavage are involved in critical cellular signalling processes, such as survival during hypoxia. Pathogenic variants in FLNA encoding Filamin A, including those that remove the hinge‐1 domain, cause a wide range of survivable developmental disorders. In contrast, complete loss of function of this gene is embryonic lethal in human and mouse.Methods and ResultsIn this study, we show that removing filamin A hinge‐1 from mouse (FlnaΔH1), while preserving its expression level leads to no obvious developmental phenotype. Detailed characterisation of the skeletons of FlnaΔH1 mice showed no skeletal phenotype reminiscent of that found in the FLNA‐causing skeletal dysplasia. Furthermore, nuclear functions of FLNA are maintained with loss of Filamin A hinge‐1.ConclusionWe conclude that hinge‐1 is dispensable for filamin A protein function during development over the murine lifespan.
Singularity analysis for V‐notches in a piezoelectric multimaterial and functionally graded piezoelectric materials
Authors: Yao Shanlong , Dai Guibin , Cheng Changzheng , Niu Zhongrong 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis study develops a novel singularity analysis method that addresses the limitations posed by piezoelectric material quantity and the variation patterns of property functions in functionally graded piezoelectric materials (FGPMs). Given that piezoelectric composite materials consist of multiple materials, the material properties of FGPMs vary with respect to angle. By introducing the asymptotic assumption that governs the physical fields close to the notch vertex into the static equilibrium equations, a comprehensive set of characteristic equations is formulated. All singularity orders and corresponding characteristic angle functions of the notch are determined by numerically solving the established characteristic equations. The effects of the notch opening angle, piezoelectric material polarization direction, and boundary conditions on the electromechanical field singularity at the notch are assessed. The judicious selection of material variation patterns can alleviate notch singularity in FGPMs.
Functional Traits of the World's Late Quaternary Terrestrial Mammalian Predators
Authors: Wooster Eamonn I. F. , Lundgren Erick J. , Balisi Mairin , Lemoine Rhys T. , Sandom Christopher J. , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Rowan John , Jolly Chris J. , Linley Grant D. , Cowan Mitchell. A. , Wright Nick , Westaway Dylan , Nimmo Dale , Nichols Hannah , Middleton Owen S. 
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACTMotivationTerrestrial predators play key roles in cycling nutrients, as well as limiting prey populations, and shaping the behaviour of their prey. Prehistoric, historic and ongoing declines of the world's predators have reshaped terrestrial ecosystems and are a topic of conservation concern. However, the availability of ecologically relevant predator functional traits is limited, hampering efforts to understand macroecological changes in this ecologically important functional group. Here, we present CarniTraits, a comprehensive open‐access functional trait database of all late Quaternary (~130,000 ybp) terrestrial mammalian predators (149 species, ≥1 kg body mass, ≥50% vertebrate meat consumption).Main Types of Variables ContainedMammalian terrestrial predator functional traits including body mass, diet, scavenging, locomotion, cooperative hunting, hunting habitat, hunting method, bone consumption, temporal activity patterns, brain mass and encephalisation quotient.Spatial Location and GrainGlobal.Time Period and GrainLate Quaternary (the last ~130,000 years).Major Taxa and Level of MeasurementAll late Quaternary terrestrial mammalian predators (149 species, ≥1 kg body mass, ≥50% vertebrate meat consumption).Software Formatcsv.
The role of accounting in creating, perpetuating, and overcoming inequalities: Going beyond discipline, borders, and stasis towards accounting as activism
Authors: Haynes Kathryn 
Published: August 2024

AbstractThis reflective article addresses the role and power of accounting in creating, perpetuating and, potentially overcoming, inequalities. Such inequalities may be based on personal characteristics, including gender, or relate to the global effects of neo‐liberalism and broader structural inequalities resulting in colonialism, slavery, and repression. The article illustrates how accounting operates in society, its power and effects, particularly the role of accounting as a calculative practice and as a profession in creating and perpetuating inequalities. However, accounting can also subvert or overcome inequalities, when positioned with critical and emancipatory intent. Three areas of going beyond accounting's current confines are discussed where it is proposed that accounting research and practice can contribute to an enhanced understanding of intersectional perspectives and systemic inequalities, and, importantly, ways of overcoming them. These are: going beyond disciplinary orientation to embrace feminist interdisciplinarity; going beyond borders to embrace reflexive intersubjectivity and contextualized knowledge; and going beyond stasis towards academic activism.
INVENTORIES, INPUT COSTS, AND PRODUCTIVITY GAINS FROM TRADE LIBERALIZATIONS
Authors: Khan Shafaat Yar , Khederlarian Armen 
Published: August 2024

AbstractSourcing internationally allows firms to access cheaper or better inputs but increases logistical costs, particularly through higher inventory holdings. This article examines the productivity gains from trade liberalizations accounting for inventory costs—typically omitted from revenue‐based measures of productivity. In model simulations, we show that omitting these overestimates the effect of input tariffs on productivity and that controlling for inventories in the estimation of productivity corrects the bias. We document these facts during India's 1990s reforms. First, firms' inventories increase strongly with imports. Second, productivity gains drop by 20–50% once inventory costs are accounted for.
International students' perspectives on medical school and internship: ‘Oh international? Are you international?’
Authors: Selvanderan Kendra D. , Thomas Josephine S. 
Published: August 2024

AbstractBackgroundInternational students account for a significant proportion of medical graduates Australia‐wide, and most opting to remain in Australia for their first year of practice (Internship). Hence, understanding this particular demographic's perspectives is crucial for curriculum and workforce planning. Despite this, very few studies have addressed this demographic, and none have explored the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on international medical students specifically.AimA qualitative design was used to explore the perspectives of final‐year international medical students at an Australian medical school as they prepared for transition to internship during the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsParticipants engaged in a semi‐structured interview about the pandemic's personal and professional implications. The data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsSeven out of 34 final‐year international medical students at the University of Adelaide participated. The main themes identified were that isolation was magnified, institutional support was lacking and that uncertainty was challenging. The pandemic did not deter participants from pursuing an Australian internship, as Australia was considered a desirable place for internship compared to their home countries.ConclusionsWhile the COVID‐19 pandemic exacerbated the situation, many of the challenges identified by international students already existed. Issues such as social isolation, racial discrimination, financial hardship and lack of institutional support have been prevalent for decades. Insights from this study reveal a need to improve the medical school experience. Australian Universities have a responsibility to ensure fair treatment of international students by training faculty, implementing support programmes and ensuring an inclusive and culturally safe learning environment.