bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inpatient hospitalisations for patients with Prader–Willi syndrome: a 2019–2021 National Inpatient Sample analysis
Authors: Luccarelli J. , Strong T. V. , McCoy T. H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder characterised by hyperphagia, intellectual disability and increased propensity to a range of medical disorders. To better characterise the clinical presentation of PWS across the lifespan, this study reports on the demographics and clinical diagnosis of individuals with PWS hospitalised in the United States.MethodsThe National Inpatient Sample, an all‐payor administrative claims database of hospitalisations in the United States, was queried for patients with a coded diagnosis of PWS from October 2019 through December 2021. Hospitalisations for patients with PWS were matched to five non‐PWS hospitalisations based on age, sex, year and hospital characteristics.ResultsThere were 4400 (95% CI: 3,885 to 4,915) PWS hospitalisations, with a median age of 24. Compared to controls, PWS hospitalisations had longer hospital stays (median 5 vs. 3 days) and higher in‐hospital mortality (2.2% vs. 1.3%). Infectious (19.0%) and respiratory (16.2%) diagnoses were most common for PWS patients. Codes for overweight or obesity were present in 38.1% of PWS hospitalisations, with Hispanic ethnicity was associated with a higher odds of overweight/obesity in PWS patients (aOR 1.73; 95% CI: 1.11–2.71).ConclusionsPWS hospitalisations are characterised by higher healthcare utilisation and complexity compared to matched controls. The high prevalence of obesity and significant rates of infectious and respiratory conditions highlight specific health challenges for PWS patients. Validation of the Q87.11 administrative claims code is an essential step for ongoing health services research in this condition.
Neck triangle nerve enlargement in hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis correlates with changes in the autonomic, cardiac, and gastrointestinal systems
Authors: Hsueh Hsueh‐Wen , Chao Chi‐Chao , Lin Yen‐Hung , Tseng Ping‐Huei , Su Mao‐Yuan , Hsieh Sung‐Tsang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundHereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTRv) is a hereditary disease that affects multiple bodily systems. Although sonography generally reveals enlargement of nerves in the limbs, the brachial plexus, and vagus nerve, the clinical significance of these findings remains unclear.MethodsWe performed sonographic measurements of the median nerve, cervical spinal nerves at the C5–C7 level, and the vagus nerve in patients with ATTRv and healthy controls. Clinical profiles and cardiac and gastrointestinal examination results were also collected for linear regression analysis.ResultsWe recruited 47 patients with ATTRv (males/females: 34/13, age: 65.6 ± 5.3 years). The sampled segments were all significantly larger than those of the controls. In the clinical profiles, the sum of the Z scores of the neck triangle nerves (cervical spinal nerves and vagus nerve) and of all nerves (cervical spinal nerves, vagus nerve, and median nerve at the wrist) significantly correlated with the familial amyloid polyneuropathy stage, onset of autonomic nervous system (ANS) symptoms, and autonomic symptom scores. On cardiac examinations, several ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging parameters (primarily those that reflect heart volume) were found to be significantly correlated with the sum of the Z scores of the cervical spinal nerves but not with the Z score of the vagus nerve. In gastrointestinal evaluation, the cross‐sectional area of the vagus nerve was correlated with gastric emptying time parameters on scintigraphy.ConclusionsNeck triangle nerve enlargement on sonography correlated with parameters related to ANS dysfunction, indicating that nerve enlargement observed on ultrasonography may serve as a potential surrogate biomarker of ATTRv.
Changes in Language Learners’ Affect: A Complex Dynamic Systems Theory Perspective
Authors: Piniel Katalin , Albert Ágnes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigated changes in motivation, self‐efficacy beliefs, and a range of emotions, including enjoyment, hope, pride, curiosity, anxiety, boredom, apathy, confusion, and shame, from a complex dynamic systems theory (CDST) perspective over a 2‐year period in the Hungarian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context. Using the same questionnaire, we collected data four times throughout 4 semesters from 101 participants studying English in two Hungarian high schools. For data analysis, we used latent growth curve modeling (LGCM) to detect the group‐level changes in learners’ motivation, self‐efficacy, and emotions. We also employed dynamic cluster analysis to identify trends in learners’ trajectories regarding these variables. In our panel data, linear models described the data well concerning the ought‐to second language (L2) self, language learning experience, boredom, apathy, and confusion, and for enjoyment, curiosity, anxiety, and shame, nonlinear models had the best fit. We could also identify trajectories depicting attractor states and learner paths that featured influences of perturbations.
Heat shock protein 70 promotes the progression of type 2 diabetic nephropathy by inhibiting T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‐3 and thereby promoting Th17/Treg imbalance
Authors: Zhang Juntai , Cai Yan , Qin Yan , Liu Jie , Ding Jie , Xu Mengying , Yang Li , Zheng Yuanxin , Zhang Xi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common complication of diabetes mellitus. We aimed to investigate the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and helper T cells 17 (Th17) in the development and progression of DN.MethodsA mouse type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) model was established. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of HSP70 and Tim‐3 in mouse kidney tissues, and western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of HSP70 and Tim‐3. PAS staining and Masson's trichrome staining were used to detect the degree of kidney injury. Flow cytometry was used to detect the number of Th17 and Treg cells in blood and kidney tissues. The expression levels of interleukin 17 (IL‐17) and interleukin 10 (IL‐10) in the serum were measured via ELISA.ResultsThe expression of HSP70 was significantly increased while the expression of Tim‐3 was significantly decreased in the kidneys of mice in the T2DN group compared with those in the control (NC) group. Additionally, the inhibition of HSP70 upregulated the expression of Tim‐3 in T2DN mice. The Th17/Treg ratio was significantly greater in the blood and kidneys of the mice in the T2DN group than in those of the NC group, the expression of serum IL‐17 was increased, and the expression of IL‐10 was decreased.ConclusionIncreased HSP70 inhibits Tim‐3 expression in T2DN mouse kidney tissues, and subsequently causes a Th17/Treg imbalance and an inflammatory response, ultimately leading to kidney injury. The inhibition of HSP70 may alleviate the progression of T2DN.image
Efficacy of Combined vs. Monotherapy in Oral Lichen Planus: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rodriguez‐Galvez Rocio , Tvarijonaviciute Asta , Peres‐Rubio Camila , Lopez‐Jornet Pia 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the topical therapeutic efficacy of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) (0.2%) plus hyaluronic acid (HA) (0.1%) versus monotherapy in patients with symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP), as well as to investigate the oxidative stress of saliva under the different treatments.Materials and MethodsSixty OLP patients were included in a randomized, double‐blind, singlecenter study with a treatment duration of 28 days and 3‐month follow‐up period. Participants were randomized into three groups: Group I (TA + HA), Group II (TA), and Group III (HA). Treatment efficacy was assessed by means of Thongprasom scale, Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14), and visual analog scale (VAS). In addition, biochemical analyses were performed in order to determine the level of antioxidant biomarkers in saliva, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).ResultsAll treatments seem to exhibit a significant effect in accordance with Thongprasom scale (p < 0.001), VAS reduction (p < 0.001), and OHIP14 (p < 0.05), which maintains over time. No significant changes in salivary oxidative stress in any of the three groups occurred.ConclusionsThe results exhibited a significant improvement in the treated patients in all three groups. There were no significant changes in salivary stress biomarkers under treatment condition.
Comparing Low‐to‐Zero Fluoroscopic Navigation Systems for AVNRT Catheter Ablation: A Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Thamthanaruk Akaravit , Nokkhuntong Vanit , Pajareya Patavee , Siranart Noppachai , Simadibrata Daniel Martin , Techasatian Witina , Chokesuwattanaskul Ronpichai , Jongnarangsin Krit , Chung Eugene Ho‐Joon 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundLow‐to‐zero fluoroscopic navigation systems lower radiation exposure which improves health outcomes. Conventional x‐ray fluoroscopy (CF) has long been the standard to guide to catheter location for cardiac ablation. With advancements in technology, alternative safety navigation systems have been developed. Three primary modalities commonly utilized are three‐dimensional electroanatomic mapping (3D‐EAM), magnetic navigation system (MNS), and intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), all of which can reduce radiation exposure during the procedure.ObjectiveWe aim to compare the efficacy and safety among ICE, EAM, MNS, and CF in ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT).MethodsThis is a meta‐analysis consisting of observational studies and randomized controlled trials, which evaluated the performance of navigation systems of catheter ablation in AVNRT patients. Primary endpoint was to access the AVNRT recurrence after the procedure during follow‐up periods. Secondary endpoints were technical success, fluoroscopic time, fluoroscopic dose area product, radiofrequency ablation time, and adverse events. Random‐effect model was applied for pooled estimated effects of included studies.ResultsA total of 21 studies (21 CF, 2 ICE, 9 EAM, 11 MNS) including 1716 patients who underwent catheter ablation for AVNRT treatment were analyzed. Of these, 16 were observational studies and 5 were randomized controlled trials.Primary outcomePoint estimation of AVNRT recurrence showed ICE exhibited a pooled odds ratio (ORs) of 1.06 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.064–17.322), MNS with ORs of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.214–1.219], and EAM with ORs of 0.394 (95% CI: 0.119–1.305) when compared to CF.Secondary outcomesEAM had significant higher technical success with ORs of 2.781 (95% CI: 1.317–5.872) when compared to CF. Regarding fluoroscopy time, EAM showed the lowest time with mean differences (MD) of −10.348 min (95% CI: −13.385 to −7.3101) and P‐score of 0.998. It was followed by MNS with MD of −3.712 min (95% CI: −7.128 to −0.295) and P‐score of 0.586, ICE with MD of −1.150 min (95% CI: −6.963 to 4.662) with a P‐score of 0.294 compared to CF, which has a P‐score of 0.122. There were insignificant adverse events across the procedures.ConclusionAVNRT ablation navigated by low‐to‐zero fluoroscopic navigation systems achieves higher efficacy and comparable safety to conventional fluoroscopywhile also reducing risk of radiation exposure time.
His‐Bundle Pacing for Pulmonary Hypertension With Bradycardia in Congenital Heart Disease: A Case Report
Authors: Takeuchi Daiji , Fujii Takashi , Nishimura Tomomi , Inai Kei , Shoda Morio 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBradycardia, atrial tachyarrhythmia, heart failure, residual shunts, and pulmonary hypertension (PH) are significant problems after congenital heart disease surgery. We performed His‐bundle pacing (HBP) for drug‐resistant PH with bradycardia in a woman post‐total anomalous pulmonary venous return repair complicated by bradycardia, hypertension, PH, residual atrial shunts, and heart failure. Significant improvement in PH post‐HBP was achieved without exacerbation of left ventricular function. We successfully closed the atrial shunts 12 months after HBP.
Is there synchronicity between brachiopod diversity changes and palaeobiogeographical shifts across the Late Ordovician mass extinction?
Authors: Shi Kaiyan , Huang Bing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs the first major biotic event in the Phanerozoic, the two‐phased Late Ordovician mass extinction (LOME) resulted in a substantial decline in marine benthic biodiversity and heralding shifts in palaeobiogeography. However, the interplay between palaeobiogeographical distribution and biodiversity dynamics during this event remains unknown. Drawing upon brachiopod occurrence data from five intervals pre‐ and post‐LOME, extracted from the Paleobiology Database, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of palaeogeographic units across the extinction event. Through examination of generic diversity, origination and extinction rates, and biogeographic connectedness, we elucidate the evolutionary trajectories of both endemic and cosmopolitan taxa throughout the extinction. Our findings indicate increased vulnerability of endemic taxa to biotic events and their aftermath relative to their cosmopolitan counterparts. Notably, we observe a concordance between shifts in the palaeogeographic distribution of brachiopods and fluctuations in their diversity during and after the LOME. Moreover, the extinction and subsequent recovery dynamics of brachiopods during this event demonstrate temporal symmetry concerning biodiversity change and palaeobiogeographic structural shifts. Shortly after the extinction event, within a timeframe similar to the decline in diversity and contraction of palaeogeographic distribution, both aspects revert to pre‐extinction levels, suggesting the limited intensity of the LOME event.
Better guesses
Authors: Linnemann Niels , Azhar Feraz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt has recently become popular to analyze scenarios in which we guess, in terms of a trade‐off between the accuracy of our guess (namely, its credence) and its specificity (namely, how many answers it rules out). Dorst and Mandelkern describe an account of guessing, based on epistemic utility theory (EUT), in which permissible guesses vary depending on how one weighs accuracy against specificity. We provide a minimal formal account of guessing that: (i) does not employ EUT, but rests on how such trade‐offs are treated in the sciences; (ii) is relatively parsimonious; and (iii) is consistent with a variety of more specific models that describe what an agent is doing when they (rationally) guess. Our account also recovers patterns of guessing and predictions about typical outcomes of guessing, as identified by Dorst and Mandelkern. Furthermore, we focus on how permissible guesses can be improved upon, via changes in an agent's credence distribution. Such better permissible guesses can be generated in solving Fermi problems—guessing problems of a type that has received almost no attention in the philosophical literature—which we also analyze. Our account strengthens the case for understanding guessing (now, very broadly considered) in terms of accuracy‐specificity trade‐offs.
Ideological origins of resistance against gender‐inclusive language reforms: Singular they as a de‐gendering or multi‐gendering strategy
Authors: Renström Emma A. , Klysing Amanda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGender is traditionally conceptualized as a binary construct, which is reflected in the use of binary‐gendered third‐person pronouns. Gender‐inclusive pronouns such as singular they challenge this conceptualization, which can evoke resistance against their use. Singular they can be used generically when gender is unknown (de‐gendering), or to specifically highlight an individual's non‐binary gender identity (multi‐gendering). The different uses of singular they can threaten different ideological convictions and impact the use and perception of the pronoun. Experiment 1 (N = 599) showed that in de‐gendering contexts, participants preferred to use singular they but in multi‐gendering contexts they preferred binary pronouns. Social identification with one's gender group, RWA and binary gender views predicted less use of singular they in both contexts. In Experiment 2 (N = 199), participants evaluated sentences with singular they in de‐gendering and multi‐gendering contexts. Overall, sentences with singular they in de‐gendering contexts were more positively evaluated. SDO predicted less positive evaluations of they in de‐gendering contexts, while RWA and binary gender views predicted less positive evaluations of they in multi‐gendered contexts. The findings provide important knowledge in understanding ideological motivations for resistance against gender‐inclusive language.
“It's all about trust!” a multilevel model of the effect of servant leadership on firefighters' group task performance, adaptivity and emotional exhaustion
Authors: Perrier Anthony , El Akremi Assâad , Manville Caroline , Molines Mathieu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHow and why does servant leaders' behavior influence both performance (individual and collective) and emotional exhaustion within dynamic and extreme environments such as those of firefighters? We develop and test a multilevel model that integrates the principles of servant leadership with social exchange theory to explore how servant leadership positively influences collective task performance and how it strengthens adaptivity at the individual level and reduces emotional exhaustion. Our four‐wave and three‐source study sample comprised 303 firefighters nested in 45 fire stations. The results of multilevel structural equation model (MSEM) analyses indicate that at the individual level, servant leadership significantly predicts high adaptivity and low emotional exhaustion through the mediating influence of firefighters' felt trust and the trust climate. The implications of our results for theory and practice are discussed.
Revolutionising High Resolution HLA Genotyping for Transplant Assessment: Validation, Implementation and Challenges of Oxford Nanopore Technologies' Q20+ Sequencing
Authors: El‐Lagta Naser , Truong Linh , Ayora Felipe , Mobegi Fredrick , Bruce Samuel , Martinez Patricia , D'Orsogna Lloyd , De Santis Dianne 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe advent of third‐generation sequencing (TGS) represents a significant shift in the field of genetic sequencing, enabling single‐molecule sequencing to overcome limitations of short‐read NGS platforms. Several studies have assessed the utilisation of TGS in HLA genotyping, though many of these studies have described the high error rate as an obstacle to achieving a robust and highly accurate HLA typing assay. In 2021, Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) released the high‐accuracy sequencing Kit 14 and the MinION flow cell model R10.4.1, which were reported to achieve sequencing accuracies up to 99%. The aim of this study was to validate this novel high‐accuracy sequencing kit for HLA genotyping coupled with a full‐gene HLA PCR assay. Comparison with historical data obtained using legacy flow cell models such as R9.4, R10.3 and R10.4 was also done to assess progressive improvement in sequencing performance with each sequential release. The workflow was validated based on data throughput, sequence quality and accuracy, and HLA genotyping resolution. An initial validation was performed using an internal reference panel of 42 samples representing common HLA allele groups, followed by an analysis of data obtained from 111 sequencing batch runs since the implementation, to assess assay performance and define quality control metrics to assess inter‐run variability and monitor quality. Furthermore, challenges arising from MinION flow cell stability and use, and assessment of barcode contamination are discussed. The findings of this study highlight advantages of ONT sequencing kit 14/R10.4.1 for HLA genotyping and the implementation considerations for the routine diagnostic HLA laboratory.
Does Mobility Drive Language Use? A Dual‐Spatialization Perspective
Authors: Pan Yujia , Bian Ling , Carlo Pierpaolo Di , Good Jeff 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMultilingualism refers to a phenomenon where individuals routinely use three or more languages. Spatial processes, such as mobility, may shape the outcome of multilingual linguistic behaviors but are considerably under‐explored. We evaluate the effect of mobility on language use in the framework of dual spatialization in a small‐scale multilingual society. We use a footpath network to characterize mobility in absolute space, and a language network to characterize language use in relational space; we then assess the correspondence between the two networks. Redundancy analysis and the k‐means method are used to support the research goal. We found a high correspondence between mobility and language use. The results identify the absence of regional “centers of gravity” as a distinctive feature in language use, as mobility has fostered local clusters of language use. Conceptually, this study showcases the power of dual spatialization in understanding the mechanisms underlying the space–language connection.
OsAAH confers salt tolerance in rice seedlings
Authors: Xie Ting , Xu Jiangyu , Hu Wenling , Shan Silvtu , Gao Haoming , Shen Jiaxin , Chen Xinyi , Jia Yanxiao , Gao Xiuying , Huang Ji , Zhang Hongsheng , Cheng Jinping 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYSoil salinization is becoming a great threat that reduces crop productivity worldwide. In this study, we found that rice allantoate amidohydrolase (OsAAH) expression was significantly upregulated by salt stress, and its overexpression conferred salt tolerance at the seedling stage. Compared to wild type (WT), the contents of ureides (allantoin and allantoate) were significantly increased in Osaah mutants and reduced in OsAAH overexpression lines both before and after salt treatments. Exogenous allantoin significantly promoted salt tolerance in OsAAH overexpression, but not in Osaah mutants. Subcellular localization showed that OsAAH was also localized to the peroxisomes in addition to the previously reported endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The differential expression of peroxisome‐related genes was identified between Osaah mutants and WT. Furthermore, the contents of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly accumulated in Osaah mutants and reduced in OsAAH overexpression lines. The activities of antioxidant enzymes were significantly reduced in Osaah mutants and enhanced in OsAAH overexpression under NaCl treatment. The transcription factor OsABI5 could directly bind to OsAAH promoter and activate OsAAH expression. Our findings reveal that OsAAH could be induced by salt stress through the activation of OsABI5 and then confer salt tolerance by enhancing the scavenging capacity of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contributes to rice breeding in salt tolerance.