bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive component of psychomotor retardation in unipolar and bipolar depression: Is verbal fluency a relevant marker? Impact of repetitive transcranial stimulation
Authors: Thomas‐Ollivier Véronique , Foyer Emmanuelle , Bulteau Samuel , Pichot Anne , Valriviere Pierre , Sauvaget Anne , Deschamps Thibault 
Published: April 2017

AimsIn the literature, psychomotor retardation (PMR) is increasingly highlighted as a relevant marker for depression. Currently, we chose to focus on the fluency capacities as an evaluation of the frontal lobes functioning to reach a better understanding of cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms involved in PMR in depression. The aims of this study were: (i) to explore the cognitive component of PMR through the analysis of verbal fluency (VF) performance in unipolar and bipolar depression; and (ii) to examine whether a repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment could improve concomitantly the PMR and VF capacities, as a relevant marker characteristic of the cognitive component of PMR.MethodsFifteen unipolar and 15 bipolar patients were compared to 15 healthy adults. Before treatment, the results showed VF deficits, particularly marked in the bipolar group. The investigation of the interplay between PMR, VF performance, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale scores, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores showed that the deficits in these various dimensions were not homogeneous.ResultsThe absence of correlation between the psychomotor retardation scale (the French Retardation Rating Scale for Depression) and VF, and the correlation with MoCA raise the hypothesis of a more global cognitive impairment associated with PMR in the BD group. The repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment had a positive impact on depression, PMR, and fluency scores.ConclusionCorrelations between the Retardation Rating Scale for Depression and VF performances appeared after treatment, showing the cognitive role of psychomotor functioning in depression. Further analyses, including other cognitive measures in an objective evaluation of PMR, are required for a better understanding of these complex relationships.
Deep Granuloma Annulare Mimicking Inflamed Cysts in a Teenager
Authors: Guo Emily L. , Degesys Catherine A. , Jahan‐Tigh Richard , Chan Audrey 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe describe deep granuloma annulare (DGA) of the forehead mimicking inflamed cysts. Reactive inflammation and sterile purulent drainage may be an underrecognized feature of DGA.
Oral injuries in children presenting to a Japanese pediatric emergency room
Authors: Inoue Nobuaki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundOral injuries are common among children, but studies on oral injury according to the presence of foreign objects in the mouth are limited. The aim of this study was to compare injury patterns and their effects in children presenting to a Japanese pediatric emergency room (ER) with and without foreign objects in the mouth.MethodsChildren who were brought to the ER at Tokyo Metropolitan Children's Medical Center with oral injuries between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2012, were included. Information regarding mechanism of injury, object related to injury, required procedure, and disposition (i.e. placement after ER evaluation: hospitalization or discharge) was collected. Injured subjects with and without foreign objects in the mouth were compared.ResultsThree hundred and nineteen subjects were included in analysis. Median age was 26 months. Labial mucosa, tongue, buccal mucosa, and teeth were major locations of injury. Tumble (i.e. fall from standing) was the leading mechanism of injury (50%). Seventy‐one subjects (22%) were holding foreign objects in the mouth when injury occurred. A toothbrush was the most common object (31%). Subjects with foreign objects in the mouth were more likely to injure the posterior parts of the mouth, and to require imaging (P = 0.04) and hospital admission (P < 0.001). This was also the case for children with injury due to tumble.ConclusionsTumble (i.e. fall from standing) was the most common mechanism of injury. Furthermore, requirement for medical resources increased if children had foreign objects in their mouth. Preventive measures should focus on educating parents about the dangers associated with children moving around while holding objects in the mouth.
Comparative transcriptomics support evolutionary convergence of diapause responses across Insecta
Authors: Ragland Gregory J. , Keep Evan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDiapause is a common phenotype that is broadly phylogenetically dispersed across Insecta and appears to have multiple evolutionary origins. Nevertheless, there are clear commonalities in diapause regulation across insect taxa. In the present study, we report a meta‐analysis of diapause whole transcriptomic data sets from 11 different insect species that addresses three questions: (i) how similar are whole‐transcriptome diapause responses across species within and across different diapause life‐cycle stages; (ii) do the most closely‐related species demonstrate the most similar diapause responses within and across diapause life‐cycle stages (the existence of phylogenetic signal); and (iii) is there a core set of regulatory genes that universally associate with insect diapause at the transcript level? The included species are mostly Dipterans (n = 9), plus one species each from Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. The group includes multiple species that enter diapause as either larvae, pupae or adults. We establish a set of 4791 orthologous transcript sequences with expression data acquired from published studies of diapause transcriptomes. We find no support for phylogenetic signal. Transcriptomic responses of nondipterans clustered within rather than outside of Dipteran responses. However, expression profiles do tend to cluster with the diapause stage of developmental arrest, although this pattern is only moderately supported. We identify a statistically significant set of 542 orthologues (11% of all orthologues) that are commonly differentially regulated during diapause across all included species. From this core set, we identify candidate genes participating in circadian rhythmicity, insulin signalling and Wnt signalling, which are pathways previously associated with insect diapause development. Clustering relationships among species are most consistent with evolutionary convergence of the shared transcriptomic response, although we are unable to determine whether this reflects convergence of the diapause initiation, maintenance or termination phases.
The effect of a faith community nurse network and public health collaboration on hypertension prevention and control
Authors: Cooper Jennifer , Zimmerman Wendy 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAs part of the Association of State and Territorial Health Official's Million Hearts State Learning Collaborative in 2014 and 2015, Washington County, Maryland formed a collaboration between the local health department, health system and faith community nurse network to address the undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension in the county.ObjectivesData were analyzed to determine the effect of a faith community nursing intervention of teaching blood pressure self‐monitoring and coaching blood pressure and lifestyle changes in the at‐risk and hypertensive population.MethodsThirty‐nine faith community nurses offered a 3‐month blood pressure self‐monitoring and coaching intervention in 2014 and 2015 to 119 participants. A secondary data analysis using a repeated measure ANOVA to assess the differences in pre‐ and post‐intervention systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings and a paired t‐test to compare pre‐ and post‐lifestyle scores was completed.ResultsA total of 109 participants completed the program and were included in the analysis and were showing decreased blood pressure readings and improved lifestyle satisfaction scores in six out of seven areas across the program period.ConclusionCoaching by faith community nurses creates an environment of sustained support that can promote improved lifestyles and blood pressure changes over time.
Factors influencing beliefs about intimate partner violence among adults in South Korea
Authors: Han Young Ran , Jeong Geum Hee , Kim Shin‐Jeong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to identify factors influencing beliefs about intimate partner violence among Korean adults.Design and SampleThis is a cross‐sectional descriptive study that analyzed data from 466 adults.MeasuresBeliefs about intimate partner violence were measured using a self‐report questionnaire with a total of 28 items consisting of four subscales: perpetrator's justification for beating women, blaming women for violence against them, perpetrator's responsibility for violence, and giving help to victims.ResultsMen and women had significantly different beliefs about intimate partner violence (t = −7.19, p < .001). Some characteristics were identified that led to unhealthy beliefs about intimate partner violence. Four variables—gender, age, educational level, and witnessing parental violence—had an explanatory power of 20% with regard to beliefs about IPV (F = 10.50, p = .000).ConclusionsIn South Korea, men, older individuals, and those with less formal education or who have witnessed parental violence need education to foster healthier beliefs about intimate partner violence. Nurses can play a vital role in efforts to decrease intimate partner violence.
Characteristics and related factors of Japanese mothers who have faced difficulties with childrearing
Authors: Yoshioka‐Maeda Kyoko , Kuroda Mariko 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo identify characteristics of mothers who face difficulties with childrearing.Design and SampleCross‐sectional study. During 2014, 221 mothers and 248 children living in City A within the Tokyo metropolis were registered as requiring help with childrearing. Nursing records of 205 mothers (92.8%) and their 227 children (91.5%) were available. We excluded 29 mothers and children owing to incomplete data for a final sample of 176 mothers (79.6%) and 198 children (79.8%).MeasuresDifficulties with childrearing were assessed by self‐reported questionnaires at the newborn child's 4‐month health checkups. Data on maternal and child variables were collected from nursing records.ResultsThe “Difficulties group” included 59 mothers (35.4%) and their 70 children. Logistic regression analysis showed that mothers who were aged 40 years or older, who had a total score on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale of 9 or greater, who used more child‐care support services, and who were monitored more frequently by public health nurses had a high risk of facing difficulties with childrearing.ConclusionsPeriodic monitoring by PHNs is a key strategy to improve the impact of the difficulties of childrearing for mothers of yoshien jido and their children.
Intrinsic neural activity differences among psychotic illnesses
Authors: Hudgens‐Haney Matthew E. , Ethridge Lauren E. , Knight Justin B. , McDowell Jennifer E. , Keedy Sarah K. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Tamminga Carol A. , Keshavan Matcheri S. , Sweeney John A. , Clementz Brett A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIndividuals with psychosis have been reported to show either reduced or augmented brain responses under seemingly similar conditions. It is likely that inconsistent baseline‐adjustment methods are partly responsible for this discrepancy. Using steady‐state stimuli during a pro/antisaccade task, this study addressed the relationship between nonspecific and stimulus‐related neural activity, and how these activities are modulated as a function of cognitive demands. In 98 psychosis probands (schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorder with psychosis), neural activity was assessed during baseline and during a 5‐s period in preparation for the pro/antisaccade task. To maximize the ability to identify meaningful differences between psychosis subtypes, analyses were conducted as a function of subgrouping probands by standard clinical diagnoses and neurobiological features. These psychosis “biotypes” were created using brain‐based biomarkers, independent of symptomatology (Clementz et al., ). Psychosis probands as a whole showed poor antisaccade performance and diminished baseline oscillatory phase synchrony. Psychosis biotypes differed on both behavioral and brain measures, in ways predicted from Clementz et al. (). Two biotype groups showed similarly deficient behavior and baseline synchrony, despite diametrically opposed neural activity amplitudes. Another biotype subgroup was more similar to healthy individuals on behavioral and brain measures, despite the presence of psychosis. This study provides evidence that (a) consideration of baseline levels of activation and synchrony will be essential for a comprehensive understanding of neural response differences in psychosis, and (b) distinct psychosis subgroups exhibit reduced versus augmented intrinsic neural activity, despite cognitive performance and clinical similarities.
Intertrial interval duration affects error monitoring
Authors: Compton Rebecca J. , Heaton Elizabeth , Ozer Emily 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of varying intertrial interval (ITI) durations on neural signals of error monitoring, given the importance of the ITI as a time window for engaging in self‐evaluation and cognitive control. In a between‐subjects design, 35 participants were assigned to one of three ITI durations (short: 768 ms; medium: 1,280 ms; long: 1,792 ms) in a standard Stroop task while EEG was recorded. Participants in the short‐ITI group demonstrated lower performance accuracy, a reduced error‐related negativity (even when correcting for frequency of errors), lower error‐related alpha suppression during the ITI, and increased post‐error slowing. Results indicate that fast‐paced trial timing can be disruptive to self‐monitoring, perhaps due to capacity limitations or bottlenecks in processing.
An oligogalacturonide‐derived molecular probe demonstrates the dynamics of calcium‐mediated pectin complexation in cell walls of tip‐growing structures
Authors: Mravec Jozef , Kračun Stjepan K. , Rydahl Maja G. , Westereng Bjørge , Pontiggia Daniela , De Lorenzo Giulia , Domozych David S. , Willats William G. T. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryPectic homogalacturonan (HG) is one of the main constituents of plant cell walls. When processed to low degrees of esterification, HG can form complexes with divalent calcium ions. These macromolecular structures (also called egg boxes) play an important role in determining the biomechanics of cell walls and in mediating cell‐to‐cell adhesion. Current immunological methods enable only steady‐state detection of egg box formation in situ. Here we present a tool for efficient real‐time visualisation of available sites for HG crosslinking within cell wall microdomains. Our approach is based on calcium‐mediated binding of fluorescently tagged long oligogalacturonides (OGs) with endogenous de‐esterified HG. We established that more than seven galacturonic acid residues in the HG chain are required to form a stable complex with endogenous HG through calcium complexation in situ, confirming a recently suggested thermodynamic model. Using defined carbohydrate microarrays, we show that the long OG probe binds exclusively to HG that has a very low degree of esterification and in the presence of divalent ions. We used this probe to study real‐time dynamics of HG during elongation of Arabidopsis pollen tubes and root hairs. Our results suggest a different spatial organisation of incorporation and processing of HG in the cell walls of these two tip‐growing structures.
Growth rate correlates negatively with protein turnover in Arabidopsis accessions
Authors: Ishihara Hirofumi , Moraes Thiago Alexandre , Pyl Eva‐Theresa , Schulze Waltraud X. , Obata Toshihiro , Scheffel André , Fernie Alisdair R. , Sulpice Ronan , Stitt Mark 
Published: April 2017

SummaryPrevious studies with Arabidopsis accessions revealed that biomass correlates negatively to dusk starch content and total protein, and positively to the maximum activities of enzymes in photosynthesis. We hypothesized that large accessions have lower ribosome abundance and lower rates of protein synthesis, and that this is compensated by lower rates of protein degradation. This would increase growth efficiency and allow more investment in photosynthetic machinery. We analysed ribosome abundance and polysome loading in 19 accessions, modelled the rates of protein synthesis and compared them with the observed rate of growth. Large accessions contained less ribosomes than small accessions, due mainly to cytosolic ribosome abundance falling at night in large accessions. The modelled rates of protein synthesis resembled those required for growth in large accessions, but were up to 30% in excess in small accessions. We then employed 13CO2 pulse‐chase labelling to measure the rates of protein synthesis and degradation in 13 accessions. Small accessions had a slightly higher rate of protein synthesis and much higher rates of protein degradation than large accessions. Protein turnover was negligible in large accessions but equivalent to up to 30% of synthesised protein day−1 in small accessions. We discuss to what extent the decrease in growth in small accessions can be quantitatively explained by known costs of protein turnover and what factors may lead to the altered diurnal dynamics and increase of ribosome abundance in small accessions, and propose that there is a trade‐off between protein turnover and maximisation of growth rate.
Obstetrics and gynecology physician knowledge of Rh immune globulin prophylaxis
Authors: Yu Amy , Morris Erin , Adams Richard , Fung Mark K. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDPrevious studies have shown that more than 20% of laboratories would have recommended inaccurate doses of Rh immune globulin (RhIG) in hypothetical cases. Efforts have been made in educating laboratories in correct dosing calculations; however, obstetricians are most often responsible for ordering RhIG. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge of RhIG indications and dosing among obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN) physicians in the United States.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAn anonymous 17‐ question online survey was distributed to all OB/GYN resident and attending physicians affiliated with US residency training programs.RESULTSA total of 165 surveys were collected, with 139 fully completed. Ninety‐two percent of respondents correctly recognized the need for RhIG in D– patients with negative antibody screens. In a scenario of a fetomaternal hemorrhage (FMH) of 45 mL, only 22% of respondents correctly chose the appropriate RhIG dosage. Of those who were correct, 10% had correctly identified 30 mL as the amount of fetal whole blood covered by one dose of RhIG, while 48% incorrectly identified 15 mL (n = 31). A total of 49.3% of respondents reported residency as the most recent formal training on RhIG dosing and 35% reported never (n = 140).CONCLUSIONSOur study found that OB/GYN physicians are knowledgeable regarding indications for RhIG immunoprophylaxis but were insufficient at calculating dosages in cases of FMH. More standardized education and training among OB/GYN physicians may decrease the risk of maternal alloimmunization, in part because RhIG dosage recommendations from laboratories are not standard practice.
Method comparison and generation of plasma biochemistry RIs for the White rhinoceros on a point‐of‐care and wet chemistry analyzer
Authors: Hooijberg Emma H. , Steenkamp Gerhard , Buss Peter , Goddard Amelia 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundPlasma biochemistry analysis may aid the management of White rhinoceros with poaching or other injuries. Analyzer‐ and species‐specific RIs are necessary to evaluate health status and identify abnormalities.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study was to perform a comparison study between the IDEXX VetTest and Roche Cobas Integra 400 Plus, and to generate analyzer‐specific RIs for White rhinoceros according to published guidelines.MethodsComparison was carried out using White rhinoceros plasma samples from healthy and diseased animals. Reference intervals for albumin, ALT, AST, CK, creatinine, GGT, globulins, glucose, phosphorus, total proteins, and urea were determined from a sample group of chemically immobilized healthy adult White rhinoceros from the Kruger National Park, South Africa.ResultsThere was a significant analytic bias for all analytes between the 2 analyzers. Results for glucose and total protein were clinically equivalent based on total allowable error limits. Reference intervals were generated from 51 individuals (26 male, 25 female) for all analytes except ALT on the VetTest.DiscussionThe type, direction, and magnitude of bias between the VetTest and Cobas appeared to be species‐ and analyzer‐specific, when compared to other studies. These measures of bias may be used for comparability testing. Reference intervals for total proteins (VetTest 77–108 g/L, Cobas 77–110 g/L) and globulins (VetTest 47–79 g/L, Cobas 51–87 g/L) were high compared to other uneven‐toed ungulates.ConclusionPlasma samples from White rhinoceros can be evaluated on both the VetTest and Cobas. Results from this study will aid conservation efforts directed toward this species.
Canine histiocytic sarcoma presenting as a target lesion on brain magnetic resonance imaging and as a solitary pulmonary mass
Authors: Hicks Jill , Barber Renee , Childs Bronwen , Kirejczyk Shannon GM , Uhl Elizabeth W 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA 6‐year‐old spayed female miniature schnauzer presented with generalized seizures and progressive multifocal intracranial neurologic disease. Thoracic radiographs and computed tomography (CT) revealed a large solitary pulmonary mass within the right cranial lung lobe. On brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a solitary intraparenchymal mass within the left piriform lobe had a “target” appearance on both pre‐ and postcontrast sequences. Cerebrospinal fluid was unremarkable and histopathology indicated both masses represented histiocytic sarcoma. This case represents an uncommonly reported MRI appearance of histiocytic sarcoma in the canine brain and a large, solitary—appearing pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma in the same dog.