bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors determining survival of European eels in two unexploited sub‐populations
Authors: Boulenger Clarisse , Acou Anthony , Gimenez Olivier , Charrier Fabien , Tremblay Julien , Feunteun Eric 
Published: April 2016

Summary

Estimating accurate age‐specific survival probabilities and understanding the processes (density dependent or independent) that regulate this demographic parameter are fundamental to propose sustainable management options for the endangered European eel (Anguilla anguilla).

In the present study, we used extensive mark‐recapture data sets (13 and 17 years) on eel >150 mm to estimate accurate natural survival probabilities of two eel sub‐populations, from the Oir and Frémur rivers, western France, and then we analysed survival probabilities in relation to density‐independent (temperature) and density‐dependent factors to identify those causing survival variability.

The Frémur and Oir rivers are two small (<100 km2) river systems in close proximity (65 km apart). The Frémur River is a small river obstructed by dams with medium water quality, high eel recruitment and density (0.37 eel m−2), and a male dominant population; whereas, in the Oir River, low densities of eels were observed (0.04 eel m−2) and the sex ratio was skewed towards females. Furthermore, previous research suggested that the lotic habitats of the Frémur River have reached carrying capacity, whereas habitats in the Oir River are below habitat saturation.

In the Frémur River, there were significant spatial and temporal variations in the survival probabilities. However, survival probabilities observed in the Oir River were stable over time and space. The results highlight that the differences in the characteristics of the two systems and the two sub‐populations prompt different responses to regulatory processes.

The contrasting pressures applied on these two sub‐populations impact survival, which possibly lead to different life history strategies such as sex differentiation.
Soil–climate interactions explain variation in foliar, stem, root and reproductive traits across temperate forests
Authors: Simpson Angela H. , Richardson Sarah J. , Laughlin Daniel C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimThe individual effects of climate and soil properties on functional trait distributions have become increasingly clear with recent syntheses of large datasets. However, the distribution of traits in a given climate may depend on the fertility of the soil. Our aim was to quantify how soil–climate interactions explain community‐level variation in functional traits from every plant organ to improve predictions of plant community responses to environmental change.LocationTemperate forests throughout New Zealand.MethodsWe measured traits of foliar, stem, root and reproductive tissue for 64 species and calculated abundance‐weighted mean trait values on 324 forest plots. Multiple linear regression was used to model the variation in each of the traits as functions of mean annual temperature (MAT), vapour pressure deficit (VPD), soil pH, soil total phosphorus (P) and their interactions.ResultsSoil–climate interactions explained significant variation in functional traits. For example, specific leaf area (SLA) was highest in high‐P soil within a wet and warm climate; however, strong interactions indicate that SLA was lowest in wet and warm climates in low‐P soil. Root tissue density was lowest in warm climates and high‐P soil, but it was high in warm climates and low‐P soil and in cold climates and high‐P soil. According to model predictions, the largest potential responses of vegetation to warming may occur in fertile and wet environments.Main conclusionsPervasive soil–climate interactions demonstrate that interpreting simple bivariate relationships between traits and climate must be done with caution because the adaptive value of traits in a given climate depends on the fertility of the soil. Predictions of vegetation responses to climate change will improve significantly by incorporating local‐scale soil properties into modelling frameworks. Rising global temperatures may shift community‐level trait values in opposite directions depending on whether the soil is fertile or infertile.
Modifications to bicarbonate conductivity: A way to increase phosphate removal during hemodialysis? Proof of concept
Authors: Bertocchio Jean‐Philippe , Mohajer Médérick , Gaha Khaled , Ramont Laurent , Maheut Hervé , Rieu Philippe 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIntroduction Hyperphosphatemia and cardiovascular mortality are associated particularly with end‐stage renal disease. Available therapeutic strategies (i.e., diet restriction, calcium [or not]‐based phosphate binders, calcimimetics) are associated with extrarenal blood purification. Compartmentalization of phosphate limits its depuration during hemodialysis. Several studies suggest that plasmatic pH is involved in the mobilization of phosphate from intracellular to extracellular compartments. Consequently, the efficiency of modified bicarbonate conductivity to purify blood phosphate was tested.Methods Ten hemodialysis patients with chronic hyperphosphatemia (>2.1 mmol/L) were included in the two three–sessions‐per week periods. Bicarbonate concentration was fixed at 40 mmol/L and 30 mmol/L in the first and second periods, respectively. Phosphate depuration was evaluated by phosphate mobilization clearance (KM).Findings Although bicarbonatemia was lower during the second period (21.0 ± 2.7 vs. 24.4 ± 3.1 mmol/L, P < 0.01), no difference was observed in phosphatemia (2.4 ± 0.5 vs. 2.3 ± 0.4 mmol/L, P = NS). The in‐session variation of phosphate was lower (−1.45 ± 0.42 vs. −1.58 ± 0.44 mmol/L, P < 0.05) and KM was higher during the second period (82.94 ± 38.00 vs. 69.74 ± 24.48 mL/min, P < 0.05).Discussion The decrease of in‐session phosphate and the increase in KM reflect phosphate refilling during hemodialysis. Thus, modulation of serum bicarbonate may play a role in controlling the phosphate pool. Even though correcting metabolic acidosis during hemodialysis remains important, alkaline excess can impair phosphate mobilization clearance. Clinical trials are needed to test the efficiency and relevance of a strategy where bicarbonatemia is corrected less at the beginning of sessions.
Molecular Detection of H. pylori Using Adherent Gastric Mucous to Biopsy Forceps
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroshi , Shiotani Akiko , Nishibayashi Hiroyuki , Kamada Tomoari , Kimura Tomonari , Fujimura Yoshinori , Nakato Rui , Murao Takahisa , Fujita Minoru , Haruma Ken 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground and AimWe assessed whether adherent gastric mucous to biopsy forceps instead of biopsy samples was suitable for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection. We confirmed the PCR methods to improve the diagnosis of H. pylori infection and clarithromycin (CAM) susceptibility.MethodsGastric mucous was obtained by gently scraping gastric mucosa using biopsy forceps in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy for PCR and rapid urease test (RUT). DNA was extracted from gastric mucous present within the gel of RUT. H. pylori status and CAM susceptibility were evaluated using H. pylori‐specific PCR amplification for 23S rRNA using 4 different primer sets and 16S rRNA. H. pylori positive was defined as two of the three tests (serum antibody, histology, and RUT or PCR) were positive. CAM susceptibility was evaluated by point mutations (A 2142G and A 2143G of 23S rRNA).ResultsSamples taken from 494 subjects were evaluated: 300 H. pylori‐positive patients and 194 negative patients. The results of PCR using DNA extracted from gastric mucous present within the RUT gel were consistent with those within water. The accuracy of 23S rRNA PCR for H. pylori detection using RUT samples was superior to the other tests. The frequency of CAM resistance was 38.9%, and eradication rate was 91.3% in the patients with wild‐type and 47.0% in the patients with the mutant strains.ConclusionAdherent gastric mucous to biopsy forceps in RUT gel can be used for molecular testing to confirm the diagnosis of H. pylori infection and for CAM susceptibility.
The clinical spectrum of omega‐5‐gliadin allergy
Authors: Le T. A. , Al Kindi M. , Tan J.‐A. , Smith A. , Heddle R. J. , Kette F. E. , Hissaria P. , Smith W. B. 
Published: April 2016

Background
IgE‐mediated allergy to the wheat protein omega‐5‐gliadin (O5G) is associated with wheat‐dependent exercise‐induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA), where exercise acts as a cofactor, triggering anaphylaxis after wheat ingestion. The wider application of O5G‐specific IgE (sIgE) testing has revealed that the manifestations of O5G allergy extend beyond WDEIA.AimsThis study documents clinical manifestations in a large series of patients with sIgE to O5G.MethodsA retrospective clinical audit was performed on adult patients with a positive O5G sIgE (>0.35kU/L) between 2007 and 2013 compared with a group who had negative O5G sIgE. Clinical characteristics and skin prick test (SPT) results were examined.ResultsSixty‐seven patients were characterised, 26 of whom presented with food‐dependent exercise‐induced allergy, whilst others presented with exercise‐induced symptoms without apparent food association (16/67), idiopathic anaphylaxis (10/67), food‐induced allergic symptoms without exercise (10/67) or recurrent acute urticaria (5/67). Specific IgE to O5G had 91% sensitivity and 92% specificity for wheat‐related allergic symptoms. SPT had sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 84%.Conclusion
WDEIA is the most common manifestation of O5G allergy, but patients may present with a variety of allergic manifestations, and wheat allergy is not always obvious on history. Non‐exercise cofactors or a lack of cofactors were identified in many patients. A distinctive feature of this allergy is that despite regular wheat ingestion, allergic reactions to wheat occur infrequently. Testing for sIgE to O5G should be considered in patients presenting with exercise‐induced urticaria/anaphylaxis, idiopathic anaphylaxis and recurrent acute (but not chronic) urticaria.
Morphological analysis of the female reproductive system of Stenorhynchus seticornis (Brachyura: Inachoididae) and comparisons with other Majoidea
Authors: Antunes Mariana , Zara Fernando José , López‐Greco Laura S. , Negreiros‐Fransozo Maria Lucia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe examined the female reproductive system of the yellowline arrow crab Stenorhynchus seticornis by means of histological and histochemical techniques. Mature specimens obtained in the field were kept in the laboratory for mating experiments. After 24 h, newly mated females were dissected, and their reproductive trait routinely processed for embedding in historesin. The specimens examined each possessed a pair of kidney‐shaped seminal receptacles (SR), and these we classified as ventral type, based on the location of the oviduct opening. The mesodermal dorsal region (DR) of SR consisted of a stratified epithelium with scaly cells, while the ectodermal ventral region (VR) was composed of a simple epithelium covered by a cuticle. The oviduct opened at the transition region (TR) between DR and VR and had no velum. The simple epithelium of TR had more folds on the face of the oviduct opening. The vagina exhibited the same features as the TR epithelium and was contiguous to VR, anchored by muscles. In the lumen, from one to three strata of sperm packets were observed, the dorsal one containing free sperm, and the most ventral stratum, spermatophores. An acidophilic glycoprotein layer enclosed the strata. Spermatophores in the ventral stratum were enclosed in a voluminous secretion, composed by acid polysaccharides most likely from the last male mated. The ventral‐type receptacle, stratified sperm packets, and polyandry, usually observed in females of Majoidea, suggest the occurrence of sperm competition in S. seticornis, favoring the sperm of the last male mated, as its sperm mass is located near the opening of the female oviduct.
Development and psychometric testing of the Protective Reasons Against Suicide Inventory for assessing older Chinese‐speaking outpatients in primary care settings
Authors: Wang Yi‐Wen , Tsai Yun‐Fang , Lee Shwu‐Hua , Chen Ying‐Jen , Chen Hsiu‐Fang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimTo develop and psychometrically test the Protective Reasons against Suicide Inventory among older Chinese‐speaking outpatients.BackgroundTools currently exist to test reasons for living among individuals of all ages in western countries, but few are available to assess older adults’ protective reasons against suicide in Asia.DesignA cross‐sectional survey to investigate protective reasons against suicide among older Chinese‐speaking outpatients.MethodsThe Protective Reasons against Suicide Inventory was developed based on individual interviews with 83 older outpatients in Taiwan, the literature and the authors’ clinical experiences. The resulting Inventory was examined in 2013 for content validity, face validity, construct validity, criterion‐related validity, internal consistency reliability and test–retest reliability.ResultsThe Inventory had excellent content validity and face validity. Factor analysis yielded a seven‐factor solution, accounting for 87·7% of the variance. Scores on the global Inventory and its subscales tended to be higher in outpatients diagnosed without suicidal ideation than in outpatients diagnosed with suicidal ideation, indicating good criterion validity. Inventory reliability and the intraclass correlation coefficient were satisfactory.ConclusionsThe Protective Reasons against Suicide Inventory can be completed in 5 minutes and is perceived as easy to complete. Moreover, the Inventory yielded highly acceptable parameters for validity and reliability. The Protective Reasons against Suicide Inventory can be used to assess older Chinese‐speaking outpatients for factors that protect them from attempting suicide.
High Incidence of De Novo and Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Cardiac Rhythm Management Device
Authors: WILKE IRIS , WITZEL KATRIN , MÜNCH JULIA , PECHA SIMON , BLANKENBERG STEPHAN , REICHENSPURNER HERMANN , WILLEMS STEPHAN , PATTEN MONICA , AYDIN ALI 
Published: April 2016

Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and DeviceIntroductionAtrial fibrillation (AF) is an important prognostic parameter in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Though cardiac rhythm management (CRM) devices (e.g., ICD, pacemaker or implantable loop recorder) can detect subclinical AF, data describing the incidence of AF are rare. We therefore investigated the incidence and clinical impact of de novo and subclinical AF detected by CRM devices in patients with HCM.Methods and ResultsIn our retrospective single‐center study, we included patients with HCM and need for CRM devices. The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of clinical and subclinical de novo AF. During follow‐up, patients were screened for adverse events like stroke, ventricular arrhythmia, heart failure, or death. From 192 HCM patients, 44 patients received a CRM device (38 ICDs, 5 pacemakers, 1 implantable loop recorder). In 14 of these patients (32%), AF had been documented before device implantation. Thirty (68%) patients were free from AF at the time of implantation. During a median follow‐up of 595 days (interquartile range, 367–890 days), de novo AF was recorded in 16 of these 30 patients (53%). Fourteen (88%) of the 16 patients with de novo AF were free from any clinical symptoms, so these patients were classified to have subclinical AF. In logistic regression analysis, age was the only significant predictor for an increased risk of AF.ConclusionAF is common in patients with HCM who need a CRM device. More than 50% of these patients develop de novo AF that was predominantly subclinical in our cohort.
Telocytes in female reproductive system (human and animal)
Authors: Aleksandrovych Veronika , Walocha Jerzy A. , Gil Krzysztof 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTelocytes (TCs) are a newly discovered type of cell with numerous functions. They have been found in a large variety of organs: heart (endo‐, myo‐, epi‐ and pericardium, myocardial sleeves, heart valves); digestive tract and annex glands (oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, liver, gallbladder, salivary gland, exocrine pancreas); respiratory system (trachea and lungs); urinary system (kidney, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, urethra); female reproductive system (uterus, Fallopian tube, placenta, mammary gland); vasculature (blood vessels, thoracic duct); serous membranes (mesentery and pleura); and other organs (skeletal muscle, meninges and choroid plexus, neuromuscular spindles, fascia lata, skin, eye, prostate, bone marrow). Likewise, TCs are widely distributed in vertebrates (fish, reptiles, birds, mammals, including human). This review summarizes particular features of TCs in the female reproductive system, emphasizing their involvement in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
miR‐19b controls cardiac fibroblast proliferation and migration
Authors: Zhong Chongjun , Wang Kun , Liu Ying , Lv Dongchao , Zheng Bo , Zhou Qiulian , Sun Qi , Chen Ping , Ding Shengguang , Xu Yiming , Huang Haitao 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCardiac fibrosis is a fundamental constituent of a variety of cardiac dysfunction, making it a leading cause of death worldwide. However, no effective treatment for cardiac fibrosis is available. Therefore, novel therapeutics for cardiac fibrosis are highly needed. Recently, miR‐19b has been found to be able to protect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)‐induced apoptosis and improve cell survival in H9C2 cardiomyocytes, while down‐regulation of miR‐19b had opposite effects, indicating that increasing miR‐19b may be a new therapeutic strategy for attenuating cellular apoptosis during myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury. However, considering the fact that microRNAs might exert a cell‐specific role, it is highly interesting to determine the role of miR‐19b in cardiac fibroblasts. Here, we found that miR‐19b was able to promote cardiac fibroblast proliferation and migration. However, miR‐19b mimics and inhibitors did not modulate the expression level of collagen I. Pten was identified as a target gene of miR‐19b, which was responsible for the effect of miR‐19b in controlling cardiac fibroblast proliferation and migration. Our data suggest that the role of miR‐19b is cell specific, and systemic miR‐19b targeting in cardiac remodelling might be problematic. Therefore, it is highly needed and also urgent to investigate the role of miR‐19b in cardiac remodelling in vivo.
Dysfunctional representation of expected value is associated with reinforcement‐based decision‐making deficits in adolescents with conduct problems
Authors: White Stuart F. , Tyler Patrick M. , Erway Anna K. , Botkin Mary L. , Kolli Venkata , Meffert Harma , Pope Kayla , Blair James R. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundPrevious work has shown that patients with conduct problems (CP) show impairments in reinforcement‐based decision‐making. However, studies with patients have not previously demonstrated any relationships between impairment in any of the neurocomputations underpinning reinforcement‐based decision‐making and specific symptom sets [e.g. level of CP and/or callous‐unemotional (CU) traits].MethodsSeventy‐two youths [20 female, mean age = 13.81 (SD = 2.14), mean IQ = 102.34 (SD = 10.99)] from a residential treatment program and the community completed a passive avoidance task while undergoing functional MRI.ResultsGreater levels of CP were associated with poorer task performance. Reduced representation of expected values (EV) when making avoidance responses within bilateral anterior insula cortex/inferior frontal gyrus (AIC/iFG) and striatum was associated with greater levels of CP but not CU traits.ConclusionsThe current data indicate that difficulties in the use of value information to motivate decisions to avoid suboptimal choices are associated with increased levels of CP (though not severity of CU traits). Moreover, they account for the behavioral deficits observed during reinforcement‐based decision‐making in youth with CP. In short, an individual's relative failure to utilize value information within AIC/iFG to avoid bad choices is associated with elevated levels of CP.
A modified Delphi study of structures and processes related to medicines management for elderly hospitalised patients in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Al Shemeili Saeed , Klein Susan , Strath Alison , Fares Saleh , Stewart Derek 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRationale and aimThe structures and processes around the management of medicines for elderly, hospitalized patients are ill defined. This study aimed to determine consensus related to strategic and operational approaches in the United Arab Emirates.MethodsA modified Delphi technique, consensus study with first round statements developed from systematic reviews related to medicines management. Normalization process theory and the theoretical domains framework were applied in the construction of statements, organized into key elements of medicines management: guidelines for medicines management, medicines reconciliation, medicines selection, prescribing and review, medicines adherence, medicines counselling, health professional training and evaluation research. Seventy per cent (summative agree and strongly agree) was set as the target for consensus. Thirty panellists were recruited, representing senior physicians working within geriatrics, hospital pharmacy and nursing directors, chief health professionals (including social workers) and policy makers within the Health Authority of Abu Dhabi and academics.ResultsA high level of consensus was obtained for most statements relating to the structures and processes of medicines management. While consensus was not achieved for targeting only those patients with medicines related issues, it was achieved for focusing on all elderly admissions. Similarly, consensus was not achieved for which professions were most suited to roles but was achieved for trained and competent staff.ConclusionsHigh levels of consensus were obtained for structures and processes of medicines management relating to elderly hospitalized patients. Trained and competent health professionals were preferred to specific professions for any tasks and that all elderly patients and not targeted patients should be the focus for medicines management.
Enhancing the Relationship Adjustment of South Asian Canadian Couples Using a Systemic‐Constructivist Approach to Couple Therapy
Authors: Ahmad Saunia , Reid David W. 
Published: April 2016

The effectiveness of systemic‐constructivist couple therapy (SCCT) in improving the relationship adjustment of South Asian Canadian couples in ways that attend to their culture was evaluated. The SCCT interventions engage partners in reflexive processing of both their own and their partner's ways of construing, and the reciprocity between these two. A core change mechanism of SCCT, couple identity (“we‐ness”), that connotes the ability for thinking and experiencing relationally, was coded from verbatim transcripts of partners' within‐session dialogue. As predicted, South Asian partners' relationship adjustment improved significantly from the first to final session of SCCT, and concurrent increases in each partner's couple identity mediated such improvements. The implications for considering culture and couple identity in couple therapy are discussed.Video Abstract is found in the online version of the article.