bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Past, present, and future of Parkinson's disease: A special essay on the 200th Anniversary of the Shaking Palsy
Authors: Obeso J.A. , Stamelou M. , Goetz C.G. , Poewe W. , Lang A.E. , Weintraub D. , Burn D. , Halliday G.M. , Bezard E. , Przedborski S. , Lehericy S. , Brooks D.J. , Rothwell J.C. , Hallett M. , DeLong M.R. , Marras C. , Tanner C.M. , Ross G.W. , Langston J.W. , Klein C. , Bonifati V. , Jankovic J. , Lozano A.M. , Deuschl G. , Bergman H. , Tolosa E. , Rodriguez‐Violante M. , Fahn S. , Postuma R.B. , Berg D. , Marek K. , Standaert D.G. , Surmeier D.J. , Olanow C.W. , Kordower J.H. , Calabresi P. , Schapira A.H.V. , Stoessl A.J. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis article reviews and summarizes 200 years of Parkinson's disease. It comprises a relevant history of Dr. James Parkinson's himself and what he described accurately and what he missed from today's perspective. Parkinson's disease today is understood as a multietiological condition with uncertain etiopathogenesis. Many advances have occurred regarding pathophysiology and symptomatic treatments, but critically important issues are still pending resolution. Among the latter, the need to modify disease progression is undoubtedly a priority. In sum, this multiple‐author article, prepared to commemorate the bicentenary of the shaking palsy, provides a historical state‐of‐the‐art account of what has been achieved, the current situation, and how to progress toward resolving Parkinson's disease. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Characterization of Wild Blueberry Polyphenols Bioavailability and Kinetic Profile in Plasma over 24‐h Period in Human Subjects
Authors: Zhong Siqiong , Sandhu Amandeep , Edirisinghe Indika , Burton‐Freeman Britt 
Published: September 2017

ScopeUnderstanding the metabolic fate of polyphenols from plant foods can aid in developing dietary recommendations that maximize their health benefits. Wild blueberries (WBB) provide a distinctive composition of dietary anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid (CGA).Methods and resultsThis is a single blind, randomized, two‐arm crossover controlled study. Human subjects ingested a WBB beverage (25 g freeze dried WBB powder) or placebo beverage with a meal and plasma was collected over 24 h. Anthocyanins, CGA and their metabolites were characterized and quantified in beverages and in plasma using targeted and non‐targeted mass analyses. Bioavailability of WBB anthocyanins and 3‐CGA was 1.1 and 0.2%, respectively. Parent anthocyanins and 3‐CGA peaked ≈2 h post ingestion, while phase II metabolites, including glucuronide conjugates of peonidin, delphinidin, cyanidin and petunidin peaked ≈ 2.6, 6.3, 7 and 8.8 h, respectively. Phenolic acids (metabolites) peaked between 0.5 and 24 h. Biphasic responses were evident suggesting preferential enterohepatic recycling for some compounds.ConclusionThe data indicate bioavailability of early and late phase WBB metabolites peaking at different times during the 24 h period, which may be important for maximizing their biological activity.
Characterization of proton pencil beam scanning and passive beam using a high spatial resolution solid‐state microdosimeter
Authors: Tran Linh T. , Chartier Lachlan , Bolst David , Pogossov Alex , Guatelli Susanna , Petasecca Marco , Lerch Michael L. F. , Prokopovich Dale A. , Reinhard Mark I. , Clasie Benjamin , Depauw Nicolas , Kooy Hanne , Flanz Jacob B. , McNamara Aimee , Paganetti Harald , Beltran Chris , Furutani Keith , Perevertaylo Vladimir L. , Jackson Michael , Rosenfeld Anatoly B. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThis work aims to characterize a proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) and passive double scattering (DS) systems as well as to measure parameters relevant to the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of the beam using a silicon on insulator (SOI) microdosimeter with well‐defined 3D sensitive volumes (SV). The dose equivalent downstream and laterally outside of a clinical PBS treatment field was assessed and compared to that of a DS beam.MethodsA novel silicon microdosimeter with well‐defined 3D SVs was used in this study. It was connected to low noise electronics, allowing for detection of lineal energies as low as 0.15 keV/μm. The microdosimeter was placed at various depths in a water phantom along the central axis of the proton beam, and at the distal part of the spread‐out Bragg peak (SOBP) in 0.5 mm increments. The RBE values of the pristine Bragg peak (BP) and SOBP were derived using the measured microdosimetric lineal energy spectra as inputs to the modified microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM). Geant4 simulations were performed in order to verify the calculated depth‐dose distribution from the treatment planning system (TPS) and to compare the simulated dose‐mean lineal energy to the experimental results.ResultsFor a 131 MeV PBS spot (124.6 mm R90 range in water), the measured dose‐mean lineal energy increased from 2 keV/μm at the entrance to 8 keV/μm in the BP, with a maximum value of 10 keV/μm at the distal edge. The derived RBE distribution for the PBS beam slowly increased from 0.97 ± 0.14 at the entrance to 1.04 ± 0.09 proximal to the BP, then to 1.1 ± 0.08 in the BP, and steeply rose to 1.57 ± 0.19 at the distal part of the BP. The RBE distribution for the DS SOBP beam was approximately 0.96 ± 0.16 to 1.01 ± 0.16 at shallow depths, and 1.01 ± 0.16 to 1.28 ± 0.17 within the SOBP. The RBE significantly increased from 1.29 ± 0.17 to 1.43 ± 0.18 at the distal edge of the SOBP.ConclusionsThe SOI microdosimeter with its well‐defined 3D SV has applicability in characterizing proton radiation fields and can measure relevant physical parameters to model the RBE with submillimeter spatial resolution. It has been shown that for a physical dose of 1.82 Gy at the BP, the derived RBE based on the MKM model increased from 1.14 to 1.6 in the BP and its distal part. Good agreement was observed between the experimental and simulation results, confirming the potential application of SOI microdosimeter with 3D SV for quality assurance in proton therapy.
Iterative volume of interest based 4D cone‐beam CT
Authors: Martin Rachael , Ahmad Moiz , Hugo Geoffrey , Pan Tinsu 
Published: September 2017

Purpose4D cone‐beam CT (CBCT) has potential applications in soft tissue alignment and tumor motion verification at the time of radiation treatment. However, prominent streak artifacts with conventional image reconstructions have limited its clinical use and alternative reconstructions are generally too computationally expensive for the time available. We propose an iterative volume of interest based (I4D VOI) reconstruction technique, where 4D reconstruction is only performed within a VOI, to limit streak artifacts with limited added computation time.MethodsThe I4D VOI technique is compared to standard cone‐beam filtered back projection (FDK), an FDK VOI technique, and unconstrained total variation (TV) minimization by comparing tumor motion quantification errors and image quality. 14 long CBCT scans (6.5 to 12 min) of patients receiving radiation treatment for lung cancer were used for the comparison. Rigid registration between phase images of FDK reconstructions using all projections were used to quantify the gold standard motion. Projections were removed to simulate 2 minute scans and these new projection sets were used for each of the test reconstructions.ResultsExcluding two patients where registration failed, the average root mean square (RMS) error for each method was as follows: 1.5 ± 0.2 mm for FDK, 1.4 ± 0.2 mm for FDK VOI, 1.3 ± 0.2 mm for I4D VOI, 1.7 ± 0.4 mm for low regularization TV minimization, and 1.1 ± 0.2 mm for high regularization TV minimization. No significant difference was observed between RMS error for I4D VOI and the other methods, except for unsmoothed FDK VOI (P = 0.02). An increase in RMS error difference between I4D VOI and smoothed FDK VOI was observed going from 2 min to 1 min scans (0.1 mm to 0.3 mm, P = 0.20 to P = 0.09).ConclusionsI4D VOI and FDK VOI reconstruction measured tumor trajectories with equivalent accuracy as TV minimization with improved bony anatomy image quality and computation time (I4D VOI was approximately 15 and 95 times faster than low and high regularization TV minimization, respectively). Within the VOI, streak artifact reduction compared to FDK VOI may be beneficial for tumor visualization and motion measurement, but requires further study.
Using Public Data for Comparative Proteome Analysis in Precision Medicine Programs
Authors: Hughes Christopher S. , Morin Gregg B. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeMaximizing the clinical utility of information obtained in longitudinal precision medicine programs would benefit from robust comparative analyses to known information to assess biological features of patient material toward identifying the underlying features driving their disease phenotype. Herein, the potential for utilizing publically deposited mass‐spectrometry‐based proteomics data to perform inter‐study comparisons of cell‐line or tumor‐tissue materials is investigated.Experimental designTo investigate the robustness of comparison between MS‐based proteomics studies carried out with different methodologies, deposited data representative of label‐free (MS1) and isobaric tagging (MS2 and MS3 quantification) are utilized.ResultsIn‐depth quantitative proteomics data acquired from analysis of ovarian cancer cell lines revealed the robust recapitulation of observable gene expression dynamics between individual studies carried out using significantly different methodologies. The observed signatures enable robust inter‐study clustering of cell line samples. In addition, the ability to classify and cluster tumor samples based on observed gene expression trends when using a single patient sample is established. With this analysis, relevant gene expression dynamics are obtained from a single patient tumor, in the context of a precision medicine analysis, by leveraging a large cohort of repository data as a comparator.Conclusion and Clinical RelevanceTogether, these data establish the potential for state‐of‐the‐art MS‐based proteomics data to serve as resources for robust comparative analyses in precision medicine applications.
The interactions between gut microbiota and entomopathogenic fungi: a potential approach for biological control of Blattella germanica (L.)
Authors: Zhang Fan , Sun Xiao X , Zhang Xian C , Zhang Shuo , Lu Jie , Xia Yong M , Huang Yan H , Wang Xue J 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDMetarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana mainly infect insects through the cuticle; gut infection occasionally occurs. Micro‐organisms existing in the gut may play a crucial role in the evolution and ecology of host defenses against fungal pathogens. To evaluate whether the gut bacteria participate in antifungal activity, and to determine their role in host protection, the interactions between gut bacteria and M. anisopliae and the diversity of gut microbiota in cockroaches were studied.RESULTSAn oral feeding test showed that the mortality of conventional cockroaches was significantly lower than that of germ‐free cockroaches; both gut homogenates and aqueous fecal extracts showed antifungal activity, but the samples from germ‐free cockroaches did not. Twenty‐two bacterial strains with antifungal activity and siderophore‐producing ability were isolated from the gut and feces of cockroaches. Using high‐throughput sequencing techniques, a total of 23 different phyla and 212 genera were detected. The composition of the microbiota of the hindgut was vastly different from those of the foregut and midgut; higher diversity and abundance of Bacteroides and Pseudomonas were found in the hindgut.CONCLUSIONThe gut microbiota of German cockroaches may play a critical role in protecting cockroaches from fungal invasion and colonization. Removing certain bacteria from the B. germanica microbiota may facilitate microbial control using fungal pathogens. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The impact of horizontal resolution and ensemble size for convective‐scale probabilistic forecasts
Authors: Raynaud Laure , Bouttier François 
Published: September 2017

The relative benefits of ensemble size and model resolution are investigated within the AROME–France convective‐scale ensemble prediction system (EPS), which operationally runs 12 perturbed members at 2.5 km horizontal resolution. This baseline configuration is compared with two auxiliary ensemble experiments, which are run at resolutions of 2.5 and 1.3 km, with 34 and 12 members respectively. In addition, post‐processing techniques including neighbourhood approaches and time‐lagging are examined as potential alternatives to increase the sample size at a lower computational cost.Probabilistic verification of the raw EPS outputs indicates that increasing model resolution is more beneficial at very short ranges, whereas increasing the ensemble size has a larger impact at longer forecast ranges, as predictability decreases and more members are required to sample the larger uncertainty better. The neighbourhood processing confirms these conclusions and is shown to improve precipitation forecasts of all EPS configurations significantly, especially the smaller‐size ensembles. Hence, it can be considered as a viable substitute to running additional AROME members for the first 24 h of forecasts.Time‐lagging of three successive ensemble productions also appears to be a competitive approach to improve the ensemble forecast skill, particularly at very short ranges, where AROME‐EPS is known to be underdispersive. The performance of the time‐lagged 36 member ensemble is generally close to or even better than the performance of the single 34 member ensemble for the whole forecast range and for different surface weather variables.Overall, given the relative costs and skills of the different EPS configurations, we suggest that resources should primarily be spent on increasing ensemble size, by combining both additional members and post‐processing methods. In addition, the performance of the 1.3 km ensemble should be examined further for explicit high‐impact weather and with an appropriate tuning of physics and surface perturbations.
Government Accountability and Natural Disasters: The Impact of Natural Hazard Events on Political Trust and Satisfaction With Governments in Europe
Authors: Albrecht Frederike 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDo natural disasters generally affect individuals’ political trust and satisfaction with the government? To answer this question, 10 cases of minor and major disasters in Europe are examined using a quasi‐experimental quantitative design that is based on ordinary least squares regression models. The results indicate that alterations in satisfaction with the government are possible, but only occur in very specific instances, and that effects are small. Changes in political trust are even more unlikely. While it was expected that disasters and their management have at least some effect on how individuals perceive their government's performance because they hold incumbents accountable for their actions, generally speaking this effect hardly occurs in relation to natural disasters. Political attitudes among individuals appear largely unaffected and cases of disasters when incumbents benefit from or are blamed for the perceived management of disasters appear to be uncommon.
Toward a process theory of entrepreneurial ecosystems
Authors: Spigel Ben , Harrison Richard 
Published: September 2017

Research Summary: Entrepreneurial ecosystems have recently emerged as a popular concept within entrepreneurship policy and practitioner communities. Specifically, they are seen as a regional economic development strategy that is based around creating supportive environments that foster innovative start‐ups. However, existing research on entrepreneurial ecosystems has been largely typological and atheoretical and has not yet explored how they influence the entrepreneurship process. This article critically examines the relationships between ecosystems and other existing literatures such as clusters and regional innovation systems. Drawing on this background, the article suggests that a process‐based view of ecosystems provides a better framework to understand their role in supporting new venture creation. This framework is used to explain the evolution and transformation of entrepreneurial ecosystems and to create a typology of different ecosystem structures.
Managerial Summary: Entrepreneurial ecosystems are a new buzzword within research and managerial circles. They represent the types of cultural, social, economic, and political environments within a region that support high‐growth entrepreneurship. But current research does little more than look at successful ecosystems to identify best practices. This article examines what we know about entrepreneurial ecosystems and links them with existing theories like clusters and regional innovation systems. We argue that successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurship within an ecosystem generates critical entrepreneurial resources like investment capital, skilled workers, and entrepreneurial knowledge. This, in turn, supports future high‐growth venture creation. The types of resources available in an ecosystem and the ability of these resources to flow through social networks helps separate strong, well‐functioning ecosystems from weak, poorly functioning ones.
On the relationship between inequality and entrepreneurship
Authors: Packard Mark D. , Bylund Per L. 
Published: September 2017

Research SummaryWe reexamine and explore the modern view of inequality against entrepreneurial market process theories, which leads us to three key assertions. First, we question the validity of income inequality as a proxy for true inequality (i.e., inequality of individual well‐being), observing nonlinearity between the two constructs. Second, we explore the entrepreneurial microfoundations of growing and shrinking inequality in market societies, arguing that individual inequality is primarily the outcome of abnormal gains from disequilibrating creative destructive processes. These shifts are temporary, however, as equilibrating (arbitraging) entrepreneurship competes away monopoly profits. Growing inequality trends, then, are seen primarily as the result of increasingly large, but also shorter, waves of creative destruction. Finally, we reconsider the issue of the injustice of inequality through this market process lens.Managerial summaryWe contribute three arguments to the debate over economic inequality. We are (or ought to be) concerned over differences in individual well‐being, not income. Studies of income inequality can be misleading. We argue that a key and so far overlooked source of economic inequality is entrepreneurship. Disruptive entrepreneurship (via innovation) redistributes economic resources away from the present industry, reallocating them in a more unequal redistribution, with the successful disruptor capturing an unequal share of resources. Imitative entrepreneurship, however, tends to mitigate this inequality, competing away abnormal profits while expanding new products’ diffusion among consumers. Finally, we observe that economic inequality may not be as unjust as previously thought, and we caution against corrective policy that might inhibit entrepreneurship.
Opportunity creation: Entrepreneurial agency, interaction, and affect
Authors: Goss David , Sadler‐Smith Eugene 
Published: September 2017

Research Summary: This article addresses opportunity creation, with particular focus on the interplay between social context and individual agency. Using ideas grounded in contemporary micro‐sociology, we offer a conceptual framework that articulates opportunity‐creating agency as the outcome of socially situated subjectivity, supportive or challenging interactions, and the circulation of emotional energy. This dynamic process is illustrated with references to entrepreneur Sir Richard Branson (founder of Virgin). Our article contributes to opportunity creation research by: offering a conception of individual opportunity‐creating propensities rooted in social situations and consistent with constructionist assumptions; specifying the role played by affect/emotion in opportunity creation and positing a novel creative role for negative affect; and connecting opportunity creation with other areas of theoretical interest in entrepreneurship, such as creativity, frustration, and hubris.Managerial summary: This article examines how social relationships and emotions can together influence the ways entrepreneurs initiate and shape opportunities. Using examples from the career of Sir Richard Branson (founder of Virgin), we suggest ways in which the emotional intensity of social interactions can motivate entrepreneurs to act decisively to initiate opportunities for business formation and development. We suggest how this may help us understand not just opportunity creation, but also key entrepreneurial issues, such as creativity, frustration, and hubris.
Entrepreneurial resourcefulness in unstable institutional contexts: The example of European Union borderlands
Authors: Welter Friederike , Xheneti Mirela , Smallbone David 
Published: September 2017

Research Summary: This article advances our understanding of entrepreneurial resourcefulness in unstable institutional contexts, which are characterized by resource constraints and institutional changes but are rich in intangible resources of a sociocultural nature. Drawing on qualitative data of individuals engaged in informal cross‐border activities in EU borderlands, we theorize resourcefulness along two core dimensions: continuity and change in relation to sociocultural, spatial, and institutional conditions and development and coping as outcomes. We identify six configurations of resourcefulness patterns and outcomes that extend current understandings of the variations in how individuals interact with their contexts, offering a nuanced view of resourcefulness.Managerial Summary: This article aims to understand entrepreneurial resourceful behavior in contexts characterized by difficult economic conditions and institutional changes. We use qualitative data of individuals involved in informal cross‐border activities in EU borderlands that have undergone the collapse of communism and EU enlargement rounds. The data shows that resourcefulness relies on continuity, reflected in previous skills and networks, family and friends, or common cultural understandings and change, as resourcefulness where individuals implicitly or explicitly challenge the new border regulations. Individuals' resourcefulness translates into “coping” outcomes, as in achieving a minimal income to maintain the current way of life and/or to sustain social relationships and “development” outcomes, whereby individuals earn more income and improve their business activities.