bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPA dengan Menggunakan Pendekatan Konstruktivisme pada Siswa Kelas IV SD Negeri 09 IV Koto Aur Malintang Kabupaten Padang Pariaman
Authors: Misniati Misniati 
Published: December 2017

Penelitian dilatarbelakangi dari kenyataan di Sekolah Dasar bahwa pembelajaran sering didominasi oleh guru sebagai sumber informasi. Berdasarkan pengamatan peneliti pada tanggal 5 Maret 2015 ditemukan hasil belajar IPA siswa masih rendah, untuk itu peneliti melalui penelitian tindakan kelas ini ingin mencoba meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA dengan menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivisme pada siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 09 IV Koto Aur Malintang Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.Â Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif yang terdiri dari dua siklus meliputi empat tahap yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, pengamatan,refleksi. Data penelitian ini berupa informasi tentang proses dan data hasil tindakan yang diperoleh dari hasil pengamatan, hasil wawancara, dan tes. Subjek peneliti adalah guru dan siswa kelas IV yang berjumlah 36 orang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan model analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Â Penilaian yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah penilaian prosesÂ (afektif dan psikomotor), penilaian hasil (kognitif) dan rambu-rambu lembaran pengamatan penggunaan pendekatan konstruktivisme dari aspek guru dan siswa. Untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa diadakan tes yang dianalisis dengan menggunakan penilaian dengan tolok ukur keberhasilan kelas minimal 75%. Hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivismeÂ pada siklus I dan II mengalami peningkatan di mana nilai rata-rata pada siklus I diperoleh rata-rata 73 dan pada siklus II rata-rata 83. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran IPA dengan menggunakan pendekatan konstruktivisme dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPA siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 09 IV Koto Aur Malintang Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.
Penggunaaan Media Gambar untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS di Kelas IV SD Negeri 06 Lubuk Alung Kabupaten Padang Pariaman
Authors: Zulkirman Zulkirman 
Published: December 2017

Penelitian ini berawal dari kenyataan disekolah bahwa dalam penyampaian pembelajaran guru masih bersifat konvensional yang menyebabkan peserta didik bosan dan kurang aktif dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga pembelajaran yang tercipta bersifat monoton. Untuk dapat meningkatkan dan menciptakan proses pembelajaran yang aktif dan menyenangkan salah satunya dengan menggunakan media gambar. Media gambar adalah suatu media pendidikan yang dapat menginformasikan pembelajaran secara komunikatif, yang bisa mengatasai ruang dan waktu dan berisi pesan yang disampaikan dalam pembelajaran melalui gambar dengan tujuan menarik perhatian dan minat peserta didik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada semester II tahun ajaran 2014/2015 di SD Negeri 06 Lubuk Alung Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, dengan subjek penelitian peserta didik kelas IV SD Negeri 06 Lubuk Alung Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dengan jumlah peserta didik 22 orang, yang terdiri dari 10 orang laki-laki dan 12 orang perempuan. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua siklusÂ yaitu siklus I dua kali pertemuan dan siklus II dua kali pertemuan. Prosedur penelitian dilakukan melaluli 4 tahap yaitu 1) perencanaan, 2) pelaksanaan, 3) pengamatan, 4) refleksi. Pembelajaran media gambar memiliki langkah-langkah yaitu 1) menyiapkan alat dan bahan yang digunakan, 2) menyampaikan tujuan pembelajaran, 3) memberikan pengantar, 4) memperagakan gambar, 5) meminta pendapat peserta didik, 6) menjelaskan materi, 7) mengajukan pertanyaan, 8) menyimpulkan materi pelajaran, 9) memberikan evaluasi. Penelitian dengan menggunakan media gambar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Persentase hasil belajar peserta didik pada siklus I adalah 67% dan pada siklus II adalah 81%. Dari analisis data penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan media gambar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar IPS di kelas IV SD Negeri 06 Lubuk Alung Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, dengan persentase peningkatan 14%.
Violência sexual como um desafio à saúde pública: perfil epidemiológico
Authors: Graciano Annah Rachel , Almeida Raquel Isaac de , Carneiro Luciana Zendron 
Published: December 2017

Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de violência sexual no Brasil entre os anos de 2009 e 2015, conforme a população geral e por sexo feminino e masculino. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo ecológico, cujas fontes de dados foram o Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Posteriormente foram calculadas as taxas de prevalência correspondentes à população em geral e ao sexo. Resultados: A pesquisa evidenciou que a prevalência de violência sexual no Brasil foi crescente entre os anos 2009 e 2013, havendo aumento de 300% na prevalência geral. A prevalência mínima foi no ano de 2015 com taxa de prevalência (TP) = 0,02 por 100.000 habitantes (IC95%: 0,02 – 0,03), e o maior TP foi equivalente a 12.1 (IC95%: 12,0 – 12,3). O sexo feminino apresentou TP maiores que o sexo masculino em todos os anos, atingindo pico de prevalência máximo de 20,9 (IC95%: 20,0 – 21,8), enquanto no sexo masculino o pico foi de 3,0 (IC95%: 2,9 – 3,2). Conclusões: Concluiu-se que a violência sexual ainda é muito prevalente no Brasil apesar da queda na frequência após o ano de 2014 e ainda se trata de um problema de saúde pública. As mulheres são as vítimas mais frequentes conforme evidenciado no estudo.
INFLUÊNCIA DA HUMANIZAÇÃO DO DIREITO INTERNACIONAL NO HISTÓRICO DE VALORAÇÃO DAS NORMAS JURÍDICAS PELO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL BRASILEIRO
Authors: Anísio Caldas Gabriel Aparecido , Maldonado Dias Norton 
Published: December 2017

RESUMO O trabalho faz um retrocesso no histórico da atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal com a finalidade de acompanhar julgados influenciados por normas celebradas em Tratados e Convenções Internacionais durante o processo de codificação do Direito Internacional. A proposta sonda a hipótese de relação do processo de Humanização do Direito Internacional com as alterações da hierarquia das normas previstas em Tratados e Convenções Internacionais dentro do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Fica, bastante, claro que as oscilações verificáveis na atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal quanto à hierarquia das normas internacionais deixaram de ter valor comum de legislações ordinárias para status especiais de supralegalidade e, até, de emendas constitucionais. Tratando-se, ao final, justamente, das influências do fenômeno da Humanização do Direito Internacional no processo de hierarquização das normas internacionais no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro quando, especificamente, versassem por direitos humanos. Palavras-chave: Hierarquia das Normas Internacionais. Direitos Humanos ABSTRACTThe work makes a step back in the history of the action of the Federal Supreme Court in order to accompany those judged to be influenced by norms established in International Treaties and Conventions during the codification process of International Law. The proposal examines the hypothesis of a relationship between the process of Humanization of International Law and the changes in the hierarchy of norms foreseen in International Treaties and Conventions within the Brazilian legal system. It is quite clear that the verifiable oscillations in the Federal Supreme Court's performance regarding the hierarchy of international norms have no longer common value of ordinary legislation for special statuses of supralegality and even constitutional amendments. In the end, it is precisely because of the influence of the phenomenon of the Humanization of International Law in the process of hierarchizing international norms in the Brazilian legal system when they specifically deal with human rights.Keywords: Hierarchy of International Legal Norms. Human rights.
“HÁ TRÊS TIPOS DE MENTIRAS: MENTIRAS, MENTIRAS TERRÍVEIS E ESTATÍSTICAS”
Authors: Lemos Roque Ana Cristina , Giovannini de Paulo Bruno 
Published: December 2017

Todo e qualquer governo é preocupado com suas estatísticas. São elas os indicadores da qualidade da gestão. O Estado de Minas Gerais não foge à essa regra. Os governantes mineiros querem mostrar que a educação evoluiu, a saúde melhorou, a criminalidade diminuiu, entre outros índices. No entanto, no que diz respeito à segurança, Minas Gerais não parece ser um Estado que possui índices confiáveis. Isso porque, ao que tudo indica, a base de dados que alimenta as estatísticas criminais é confeccionada por pessoas sem qualquer preparo jurídico criminal para fazê-lo. Duas grandes possibilidades surgem deste fato: estrutura das estatísticas mal desenvolvida ou má-fé dos governantes em manter esta situação. Pretende-se, neste artigo, analisar as estatísticas relativas à segurança pública, mais especificamente no tocante ao crescimento ou diminuição de crimes no Estado de Minas Gerais. Para tal análise, serão utilizados dados da segurança pública da cidade de Frutal-MG Palavras-Chave: Estatísticas Criminais. Polícia Civil. Polícia Militar. Every government is concerned about its statistics. They are the indicators of the quality of management. The State of Minas Gerais does not escape this rule. The governors of Minas Gerais want to show that education has evolved, health has improved, crime has decreased, among other indexes. However, as far as security is concerned, Minas Gerais does not seem to be a state that has reliable indexes. This is because, it seems, the database that feeds the criminal statistics is made by people without any criminal legal preparation to do so. Two great possibilities arise from this fact: structure of statistics poorly developed or bad faith of the rulers in maintaining this situation. The purpose of this article is to analyze statistics on public security, specifically regarding the growth or decrease of crimes in the State of Minas Gerais. For this analysis, public safety data will be used in the city of Frutal-MG Keywords: Criminal Statistics. Civil police. Military Police.
Adams-Bashforth-Moulton method with Savitzky-Golay filter to reduce reactivity fluctuations
Authors: Suescún-Díaz D. , Causil D. A. Rasero , Figueroa-Jimenez J. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In this paper we present a new method of calculating reactivity with fluctuation reduction. First we propose the generalized predictor and corrector using the fourth order Adams-Basforth-Moulton (ABM) for the numerical solution of the point kinetic equations for the calculation of reactivity, without using the history of nuclear power. Due to the nature of point kinetic equations, we use modifiers of the different predictors to increase precision in the approximation obtained. Secondly, we use the filter known as Savitzky-Golay (SG), which permits the reduction of the fluctuation in reactivity. It is known that the SG filter smoothing without diminishing the value of the nuclear power, irrespective of its form; this guarantees the reduction of Gaussian random noise levels, which is distributed around the average value of the nuclear power of up to σ = 0.1, with a time step h = 0.01 s. This formulation uses the Gram polynomial approximation, with a degree d = 2 the results show better values in the maximum difference in reactivity in comparison with that reported in literature.
New finite element-based modeling of reactor core support plate failure
Authors: Hajas T. , Pandazis P. , Lovász L. , Babcsán B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
ATHLET-CD is the severe accident module of the code system AC2 that is designed to simulate the core degradation phenomena including fission product release and transport in the reactor circuit, as well as the late phase processes in the lower plenum. In case of a severe accident degradation of the reactor core occurs, the fuel assemblies start to melt. The evolution of such processes is usually accompanied with the failure of the core support plate and relocation of the molten core to the lower plenum. Currently, the criterion for the failure of the support plate applied by ATHLET-CD is a user-defined signal which can be a specific time or process variable like mass, temperature, etc. A new method, based on FEM approach, was developed that could lead in the future to a more realistic criterion for the failure of the core support plate. This paper presents the basic idea and theory of this new method as well as preliminary verification calculations and an outlook on the planned future development.
Book Reviews
Authors: Marx Ferree Myra , Luppes Jeffrey , Newnham Randall , Freis David , Coury David N. , Hager Carol , von Wahl Angelika 
Published: December 2017

Charity Scribner, After the Red Army Faction: Gender, Culture and Militancy
(New York: Columbia University Press, 2015)
Reviewed by Myra Marx FerreeDespina Stratigakos, Hitler at Home (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015)
Reviewed by Jeffrey LuppesCarolin Hilpert, Strategic Cultural Change and the Challenge for Security Policy:
Germany and the Bundeswehr’s Deployment to Afghanistan (New York: Palgrave
Macmillan, 2014)
Reviewed by Randall NewnhamKlaus Weinhauer, Anthony McElligott, and Kirsten Heinsohn, ed., Germany
1916–1923: A Revolution in Context (Bielefeld: transcript, 2016)
Reviewed by David FreisEsra Özyürek, Being German, Becoming Muslim: Race, Religion, and Conversion
in the New Europe (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016)
Reviewed by David N. CouryAmy Austin Holmes, Social Unrest and American Military Bases in Turkey and
Germany since 1945 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014)
Reviewed by Carol HagerClayton J. Whisnant, Queer Identities and Politics in Germany: A History
1880-1945 (New York: Harrington Park Press, 2016)
Reviewed by Angelika von WahlJames Bindenagel, Matthias Herdegen, and Karl Kaiser, ed., Internationale
Sicherheit im 21. Jahrhundert: Deutschlands internationale Verantwortung
(Göttingen: V&R unipress, 2016)
Reviewed by Randall Newnham
MAXI J1957+032: An Accreting Neutron Star Possibly in a Triple System
Authors: Ravi V. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
I present an optical characterization of the Galactic X-ray transient source MAXI J1957+032. This system flares by a factor of ≳104 every few hundred days, with each flare lasting ∼5 days. I identify its quiescent counterpart to be a late-K/early-M dwarf star at a distance of 5 ± 2 kpc. This implies that the peak

luminosity of the system is

erg s−1. As found by Mata Sanchez et al. the outburst properties of MAXI J1957+032 are most consistent with the sample of accreting millisecond pulsars. However, the low inferred accretion rate, and the lack of evidence for a hydrogen-rich accretion flow, are difficult to reconcile with the late-K/early-M dwarf counterpart being the mass donor. Instead, the observations are best described by a low-mass hydrogen- and possibly helium-poor mass donor, such as a carbon–oxygen white dwarf, forming a tight interacting binary with a neutron star. The observed main-sequence counterpart would then likely be in a wide orbit around the inner binary.
The Antiderivative of the Stokes V Polarization Profile. I. A Simple Procedure for Magnetic Field Characterization
Authors: Gayley Kenneth G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Derived here is a more conceptually intuitive means of interpreting magnetic-field diagnostics from circularly polarized lines in a wide array of astrophysical applications. The method applies to individual “Stokes V” profile snapshots and complements standard Zeeman Doppler imaging techniques by providing the explicit form of the averaging kernel for the magnetic field that the polarization diagnostic is sensitive to. This new perspective centers on the antiderivative, or cumulative integral with respect to frequency, of the Stokes V profile. The new approach would not yield different answers for magnetic field determinations, but rather presents a more directly conceptual means of understanding the connection between what is observed and what types of fields produce it. In particular, it elucidates how lateral and line-of-sight field gradients affect the Zeeman profile. This approach is especially useful when the Zeeman shift varies in a way that correlates with the Doppler shift, as then spectral resolution serves as a proxy for spatial imaging in each polarization snapshot. Hence, the perspective is particularly useful for rapidly rotating stars, hypersonic winds, galactic rotation, and large-amplitude turbulence, when the longitudinal field varies across the source or with depth. The approach also generates an improved unsigned mean-field diagnostic that suffers less polarity cancellation than the commonly used center-of-gravity diagnostic. Reduced cancellation produces a better estimate of the field magnitude in toroidal, spotty, or dipolar fields, and a complementary comparison with the current unsigned diagnostic can help characterize the degree of field polarity reversal concealed within integrated diagnostics.
Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability at the CME–Sheath and Sheath–Solar-wind Interfaces
Authors: Páez A. , Jatenco-Pereira V. , Falceta-Gonçalves D. , Opher M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Wave-like features recently observed in some coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have been associated with the presence of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability (KHI) in the low corona. Previous works found observational evidence of KHI in a CME; this was followed by numerical simulations in order to determine the magnetic field strength allowing for its existence. Here, we present the first discussion of KHI formation in the outer corona at heliocentric distances from

to

. We study separately the CME–sheath and sheath–solar-wind (Sh–SW) interfaces of two CMEs that propagated in the slow and fast SWs. Mapping the velocities, densities, and magnetic field strengths of the CMEs, sheaths, and SWs in the CME’s flanks, we solve the Chandrasekhar condition for KHI formation. Calculations show that KHI formation is more likely in a CME propagating in a slow SW (CME 1) than that propagating in a fast SW due to the large shear flow between the CME and the slow SW. Comparing the interfaces for both CME cases, we note that the Sh–SW interface of CME 1 is more conducive to the instability because of the similar strengths of the magnetic field necessary for KHI formation and of the SW magnetic field.
Revealing the Ionization Properties of the Magellanic Stream Using Optical Emission
Authors: Barger K. A. , Madsen G. J. , Fox A. J. , Wakker B. P. , Bland-Hawthorn J. , Nidever D. , Haffner L. M. , Antwi-Danso Jacqueline , Hernandez Michael , Lehner N. , Hill A. S. , Curzons A. , Tepper-García T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The Magellanic Stream, a gaseous tail that trails behind the Magellanic Clouds, could replenish the Milky Way (MW) with a tremendous amount of gas if it reaches the Galactic disk before it evaporates into the halo. To determine how the Magellanic Stream’s properties change along its length, we have conducted an observational study of the Hα emission, along with other optical warm ionized gas tracers, toward 39 sight lines. Using the Wisconsin Hα Mapper telescope, we detect Hα emission brighter than 30–50 mR in 26 of our 39 sight lines. This Hα emission extends over

away from the H i emission. By comparing

and

, we find that regions with

are 16%–67% ionized. Most of the

along the Magellanic Stream are much higher than expected if the primary ionization source is photoionization from Magellanic Clouds, the MW, and the extragalactic background. We find that the additional contribution from self ionization through a “shock cascade” that results as the Stream plows through the halo might be sufficient to reproduce the underlying level of Hα emission along the Stream. In the sparsely sampled region below the South Galactic Pole, there exists a subset of sight lines with uncharacteristically bright emission, which suggest that gas is being ionized further by an additional source that could be a linked to energetic processes associated with the Galactic center.
Electron-capture Isotopes Could Constrain Cosmic-Ray Propagation Models
Authors: Benyamin David , Shaviv Nir J. , Piran Tsvi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Electron capture (EC) isotopes are known to provide constraints on the low-energy behavior of cosmic rays (CRs), such as reacceleration. Here, we study the EC isotopes within the framework of the dynamic spiral-arms CR propagation model in which most of the CR sources reside in the galactic spiral arms. The model was previously used to explain the B/C and sub-Fe/Fe ratios. We show that the known inconsistency between the 49Ti/49V and 51V/51Cr ratios remains also in the spiral-arms model. On the other hand, unlike the general wisdom that says the isotope ratios depend primarily on reacceleration, we find here that the ratio also depends on the halo size (Z
h) and, in spiral-arms models, also on the time since the last spiral-arm passage (

). Namely, EC isotopes can, in principle, provide interesting constraints on the diffusion geometry. However, with the present uncertainties in the lab measurements of both the electron attachment rate and the fragmentation cross sections, no meaningful constraint can be placed.
Observations of the Coronal Mass Ejection with a Complex Acceleration Profile
Authors: Reva A. A. , Kirichenko A. S. , Ulyanov A. S. , Kuzin S. V. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We study the coronal mass ejection (CME) with a complex acceleration profile. The event occurred on 2009 April 23. It had an impulsive acceleration phase, an impulsive deceleration phase, and a second impulsive acceleration phase. During its evolution, the CME showed signatures of different acceleration mechanisms: kink instability, prominence drainage, flare reconnection, and a CME–CME collision. The special feature of the observations is the usage of the TESIS EUV telescope. The instrument could image the solar corona in the Fe 171 Å line up to a distance of 2

from the center of the Sun. This allows us to trace the CME up to the LASCO/C2 field of view without losing the CME from sight. The onset of the CME was caused by kink instability. The mass drainage occurred after the kink instability. The mass drainage played only an auxiliary role: it decreased the CME mass, which helped to accelerate the CME. The first impulsive acceleration phase was caused by the flare reconnection. We observed the two-ribbon flare and an increase of the soft X-ray flux during the first impulsive acceleration phase. The impulsive deceleration and the second impulsive acceleration phases were caused by the CME–CME collision. The studied event shows that CMEs are complex phenomena that cannot be explained with only one acceleration mechanism. We should seek a combination of different mechanisms that accelerate CMEs at different stages of their evolution.