bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infection of Ceratium furca by the parasitic dinoflagellate Amoebophyra ceratii (Amoebophrydae) in the Mexican Pacific
Authors: Siqueiros Beltrones David A. 
Published: January 2017

Parasitism within dinoflagellates is a widespread and well-documented phenomenon. Parasitic dinoflagellates of the genus Amoebophrya commonly infect free-living toxic, and non-toxic dinoflagellates species which may cause harmful red tides. Infections of Ceratium furca by A. ceratii were observed in red tides samples collected in the northwest coast of Baja California between 30°01'05'' N, 115°51'16'' W and 31°09'33'' N, 116°31'09'' W. This is the first record of this particular parasitic dinoflagellate in Mexican Pacific waters. There were mainly three dinoflagellate species causing this particular seawater discoloration: a Gymnodinium-like dinoflagellate, Ceratium furca, and Akashiwo sanguinea. These reached concentrations as high as 560 000, 762 600, and 395 400 cells L-1, respectively. During the bloom, surface water temperature ranged between 13 and 17°C. Seawater salinity ranged from 33.2 to 33.8 psu. About 1.5% of the individuals of C. furca observed were infected by the intracellular parasite dinoflagellate Amoebophrya ceratii. This parasite was observed mainly inside specimens of Ceratium furca and very few specimens of Ceratium macroceros. In general, individuals of C. furca were partially or totally deformed. Infections by A. ceratii could delay or inhibit the dinoflagellate blooms as infected dinoflagellates become reproductively incompetent.
Las especies de Bursera (Burseraceae) en la cuenca superior del Río Papaloapan (México)
Authors: Rzedowski Jerzy , Medina Lemus Rosalinda , Calderón de Rzedowski Graciela 
Published: January 2017

La cuenca superior del Papaloapan se define en el presente trabajo como la porción suroccidental de esta región hidrográfica ubicada por encima de la cota altitudinal de 400 m y abarca un territorio de alrededor de 21,000 km2, repartido entre los estados de Oaxaca, Puebla y Veracruz. Con base en el estudio de más de 900 ejemplares de Bursera, procedentes de la comarca, se define la existencia de 21 especies, de las que dos (B. graveolens (H.B.K.) Tr. & Planch. y B. hintonii Bullock) no se conocían previamente de la zona, una cambia de nombre (B. linanoe (La Llave) comb. nova, en lugar de B. aloexylon (Schiede ex Schltdl.) Engl. y tres (B. altijuga, B. esparzae y B. pontiveteris, todas pertenecientes a la sección Bullockia) se describen como nuevas. Se designa asimismo el lectotipo de B. submoniliformis Engl. y el neotipo de Amiris linanoe La Llave. Se presenta una clave para la identificación de las especies y se proporcionan sus descripciones, sinonimias, ilustraciones y mapas de distribución, además de la información sobre nombres comunes y usos locales, así como la correspondiente a las afinidades ecológicas. Se discuten también brevemente algunos aspectos fitogeográficos. Se incluye por otra parte un resumen histórico del desarrollo del conocimiento taxonómico de Bursera y de sus complejidades nomenclaturales.
Una especie nueva de Pachyphytum (Crassulaceae) para la flora de Jalisco, México
Authors: Pérez-Calix Emmanuel , García Ruiz Ignacio , Cházaro Basáñez Miguel 
Published: January 2017

Se describe y propone como especie nueva para la ciencia a Pachyphytum contrerasii (Crassulaceae). el nuevo taxon se ubica en la sección Pachyphytum Moran, por llevar las brácteas imbricadas en el cincino joven, tener la corola más corta que el cáliz y por la presencia de una mancha roja evidente en la cara interna de los segmentos de la corola. La especie más semejante morfológicamente es P. machucae I. García, Glass et cházaro, de la cual P. contrerasii difiere en diversos caracteres de la flor, tales como: el largo del pedicelo, la relación entre el largo de la corola y el del cáliz y la coloración de la cara interna de los pétalos, estambres y pistilo.
Retrospectiva del bosque de pino y encino de la Sierra Madre Occidental, Sonora, Noroeste de México, hace 1000 años
Authors: Ortega-Rosas Carmen Isela , Peñalba M. Cristina , López-Sáez José Antonio , Van DeVender Thomas R. 
Published: January 2017

La Ciénega de Camilo es un humedal con Sphagnum palustre localizado en un bosque denso de pino y encino con cuatro especies de Pinus y siete de Quercus, en la Sierra Madre Occidental, en la región este de Sonora. Los análisis de polen y palinomorfos no polínicos de dos núcleos de sedimento muestran que el bosque de pino y encino ha existido en el lugar durante el último milenio. Sin embargo, hace alrededor de mil años (1058 ±60 y 870 ±70 años cal. BP (años calibrados antes del presente)), el pino era más abundante que hoy día, y además crecía una especie de pino adicional, posiblemente del grupo de Pinus strobiformis, que hoy prospera a mayores elevaciones, en un clima más fresco y húmedo. Había abundancia y diversidad de helechos. Los palinomorfos no polínicos sugieren condiciones más húmedas (presencia de Copepoda) y eu- a mesotróficas en la base, seguidas por condiciones más secas (amerosporas indiferenciadas, tipo 55A, Zygnemataceae y Pediastrum), conducentes al medio ambiente mesotrófico-ombrotrófico más reciente caracterizado por Pleospora y tipo 82E, que refleja la ciénega de Sphagnum palustre. Se infiere que hubo un período húmedo hace alrededor de 1000 años (14C BP), contemporáneo con el máximo desarrollo de las culturas arqueológicas de los desiertos Sonorense y Chihuahuense, que fue seguido por un clima progresivamente más seco y cálido.
Una nueva especie de Otatea (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Bambuseae) de Querétaro México
Authors: Ruiz-Sanchez Eduardo 
Published: January 2017

Basado en un estudio previo sobre sistemática del género Otatea, el cual incluye una amplia revisión de ejemplares de herbario y también en recientes colecciones botánicas realizadas en el estado de Querétaro, se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Otatea, O. ramirezii. El nuevo taxon es endémico de la Sierra Gorda en Querétaro. Se compara con Otatea acuminata, O. carrilloi y O. glauca, de las cuales se diferencia por desarrollar una sola rama por nudo (rara vez dos), láminas de las hoja caulinar erectas y ausencia de setas orales en hojas caulinares y hojas foliares.
Arbutus bicolor (Ericaceae, Arbuteae), una nueva especie de Mexico
Authors: González-Elizondo M. Socorro , González-Elizondo Martha , Sørensen Paul D. 
Published: January 2017

Se describe e ilustra a Arbutus bicolor S. González, M. González et P. D. Sørensen, sp. nov., especie relacionada con A. xalapensis H.B.K., que ha sido por largo tiempo identificada erróneamente como A. glandulosa M. Martens & Galeotti, un sinónimo de esta última. Se diferencia de A. xalapensis por tener las ramillas y pecíolos densamente glandular pubescentes, las hojas marcadamente bicolores con envés blanquecino a ocre pálido debido a la presencia de indumento denso y uniforme de pelos apretadamente crespos, las hojas de color rojo intenso en la senescencia, así como las flores de color rosa o raramente blanco. Arbutus bicolor está ampliamente distribuida en la Sierra Madre Occidental y el Eje Neovolcánico, alcanzando la vertiente occidental de la Sierra Madre Oriental. Se registran híbridos esporádicos con A. madrensis S. González, A. occidentalis McVaugh & Rosatti, A. tessellata Sørensen y A. xalapensis. Se incluye una clave para distinguir a A. bicolor de otras especies arbóreas de Arbutus de México.
MENGHINDARI KEKERASAN DALAM PENGELOLAAN KARAKTER SISWA
Authors: Hadi Yulianto 
Published: January 2017

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menelaah, mengetahui, dan memahami pengelolaan pendidikan karakter, kususnya bagi siswa SMA dan sederajat. Artikel ini merupakan kajian terhadap kondisi nyata yang berkembang di dunia pendidikan Indonesia, kususnya mengenai pengelolaan karakter siswa. Simpulan dari kajian ini adalah sebagai berikut: (1)edukasi dan pembentukan karakter terhadap anak yang dilakukan di sekolah, kelompok, dan masyarakat sosial hendaknya menghindari pemaksaan kehendak dengan segala bentuk abuse; (2) pembentukan karakter yang salah satunya diprogramkan oleh pemerintah dengan menitipkan di instansi/lembaga militer perlu dikaji ulang secara mendalam; (3) proses pendidikan dan pengelolaan karakter akan lebih berhasil apabila mengikuti beberapa tahapan pengelolaan kesadaran integral.Kata kunci: kekerasan, dan pengelolaan karakter AVOIDING ABUSE IN MANAGING THE STUDENTS’ CHARACTERAbstractThis article aims to know, discover, and comprehend the character education management, especially of senior high school students and of those at the same level. This article is a study of the factual condition in Indonesian education, especially in managing the students’ characters. The conclusions of the study are: 1) education and character formation of the students in school, group/party, and social communities may avoid coercion of one’s desire, in every form of abuse; 2) character formation programmed by the government by sending students to the military agency needs to be re-examined deeply; 3) education process and character management will be successful if it follows several stages of integral consciousness management.Keywords: abuse and character management
MEMBENTUK GURU YANG BERMORAL, HUMANIS DAN PROFESIONAL MELALUI PROSES PSIKO-PEDAGOGIS
Authors: Wangid Muhammad Nur 
Published: January 2017

Keinginan mewujudkan guru yang berkarakter sudah lama diinginkan. Setiap periode masa dan lembaga merumuskannya dalam termonologi yang beragam. Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta menginginkan menghasilkan calon guru yang bermoral, humanis, dan profesional pada saat ini. Untuk dapat menghasilkan calon guru yang berkarakter maka hendaknya dipahami terlebih dahulu hakekat guru yang akan dibentuk dan cara menanganinya. Guru pada hekekatnya bukanlah sekedar bertugas menyampaikan materi pelajaran kepada siswa. Guru memiliki tugas yang jauh lebih mulia yaitu mengembangkan aspek mental siswa sehingga menjadi manusia yang berbudipekerti luhur. Agar mencapai tujuan ini maka pelaksanaan pembelajaran diperguruan tinggi harus mempertimbangkan pula aspek pengembangan psikopedagogisnya. Optimalisasi aspek rohaniah mahasiswa dapat dilakukan dengan merujuk pada kemampuan (psikis) yang dimiliki manusia seperti yang dikemukakan oleh Bandura yang selanjutnya dikembangkan melalui proses pendidikan (pedagogis). Setiap jenis karakter yang diinginkan dikembangkan melalui pengintegrasian materi perkuliahan dan dilaksanakan secara berkelanjutan. Di samping itu seluruh civitas sebisa mungkin memberikan contoh, dan secara khusus dosen sendiri harus memberikan teladan bagi mahasiswa dalam keseharian pelaksanaan tugasnya. Ini adalah salah satu perspektif tugas yang harus dilaksanakan oleh setiap dosen dalam membentuk calon guru yang bermoral, humanis, dan profesional.Kata kunci: membentuk guru, psikopedagogis BUILDING THE TEACHER MORAL, HUMANIST AND PROFESSIONAL THROUGH PSYCHO-PEDAGOGICALAbstractThe desire to realize the teacher’s character had long desired. Each period and institutions formulate in diverse terminology. Nowadays Yogyakarta State University want to produce teacher candidates who characterized moral, humane, and professional. In order to produce the prospective teachers it should be understood the characteristics of the teachers that will be set up and how to handle it first. The tasks of teachers is not just delivering course material to students. Teachers have a much more noble tasks to develop the spiritual aspects of the student so that they were to be humans noble character. In order to achieve this goal the implementation of learning in college should also considers the development of psycho-paedagogis aspects. Optimizing the spiritual aspects of the student can be done by referring to the ability (psychic) of human beings as proposed by Bandura, it all further developed through the process of education (paedagogical). Each type of character developed by integrated in lecture material and implemented continually. In addition, the entire community of college may give an example, and particularly the lecturers themselves should set the example for the students in the daily execution of their duties. It is one of perspective tasks that must be implemented by each lecturer in shaping future teachers that characterized by moral, humane, and professional.Keywords: shaping teacher, psycho-paedagogis
Mechanical properties of aluminum powder reinforced polypropylene
Authors: Güldas Abdulmecit , Altuğ Mehmet , Temel Servet 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
In this study, PP-based composites reinforced were produced by using three injection pressures IP (50, 55, 60 MPa), three injection temperatures IT (210, 220, 230 °C), three holding pressures HP (35, 40, 45 MPa), three reinforcement rates Rr (5, 10, 15 wt.-%) and three reinforcement sizes Rs (44–100, 101–210, 210–300 μm) and their mechanical properties were investigated. Moreover, 0.2 % maleic anhydride was also added in order to prevent oxidation during addition of aluminum powders. The best results in terms of tensile strength were obtained from the specimen with the code C2, with the parameter values Rs = 100 – 210 μm, Rr = 15 wt.-%, IT = 230 °C, IP = 50 MPa and HP = 40 MPa. The best results in the tensile tests were received from the specimen with code A2, having the parameter values Rs = 100–210 μm, Rr = 5 wt.-%, IT = 210 °C, IP = 50 MPa and HP = 35 MPa. On the other hand, the best results in the izod tests were obtained for the specimen with the code C1 with the parameter values Rs = 44–100 μm, Rr = 15 wt.-%, IT = 210 °C, IP = 60 MPa and HP = 45 MPa.
BULGE-FORMING GALAXIES WITH AN EXTENDED ROTATING DISK AT z ∼ 2
Authors: Tadaki Ken-ichi , Genzel Reinhard , Kodama Tadayuki , Wuyts Stijn , Wisnioski Emily , Schreiber Natascha M. Förster , Burkert Andreas , Lang Philipp , Tacconi Linda J. , Lutz Dieter , Belli Sirio , Davies Richard I. , Hatsukade Bunyo , Hayashi Masao , Herrera-Camus Rodrigo , Ikarashi Soh , Inoue Shigeki , Kohno Kotaro , Koyama Yusei , Mendel J. Trevor , Nakanishi Kouichiro , Shimakawa Rhythm , Suzuki Tomoko L. , Tamura Yoichi , Tanaka Ichi , Übler Hannah , Wilman Dave J. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
We present 0.″2-resolution Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array observations at 870 μm for 25 Hα-seleced star-forming galaxies around the main sequence at z = 2.2–2.5. We detect significant 870 μm continuum emission in 16 (64%) of these galaxies. The high-resolution maps reveal that the dust emission is mostly radiated from a single region close to the galaxy center. Exploiting the visibility data taken over a wide uv distance range, we measure the half-light radii of the rest-frame far-infrared emission for the best sample of 12 massive galaxies with log(M
*/M
⊙) > 11. We find nine galaxies to be associated with extremely compact dust emission with R
1/2,870 μm < 1.5 kpc, which is more than a factor of 2 smaller than their rest-optical sizes,

, and is comparable with optical sizes of massive quiescent galaxies at similar redshifts. As they have an exponential disk with Sérsic index of

in the rest-optical, they are likely to be in the transition phase from extended disks to compact spheroids. Given their high star formation rate surface densities within the central 1 kpc of

M
⊙ yr−1 kpc−2, the intense circumnuclear starbursts can rapidly build up a central bulge with ΣM
*,1 kpc > 1010
M
⊙ kpc−2 in several hundred megayears, i.e., by z ∼ 2. Moreover, ionized gas kinematics reveal that they are rotation supported with an angular momentum as large as that of typical star-forming galaxies at z = 1–3. Our results suggest that bulges are commonly formed in extended rotating disks by internal processes, not involving major mergers.
3.3 CM JVLA OBSERVATIONS OF TRANSITIONAL DISKS: SEARCHING FOR CENTIMETER PEBBLES
Authors: Zapata Luis A. , Rodríguez Luis F. , Palau Aina 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
We present sensitive (rms-noises ∼4–25 μJy) and high angular resolution (∼1″–2″) 8.9 GHz (3.3 cm) Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array radio continuum observations of 10 presumed transitional disks associated with young low-mass stars. We report the detection of radio continuum emission in 5 out of the 10 objects (RXJ1615, UX Tau A, LkCa15, RXJ1633, and SR 24s). In the case of LkCa15, the centimeter emission is extended, and has a similar morphology to that of the transitional disk observed at millimeter wavelengths with an inner depression. For these five detections, we construct the spectral energy distributions from the centimeter to submillimeter wavelengths, and find that they can be well fitted with a single (RXJ1633 and UX Tau A) or a two-component power law (LkCa15, RXJ1615, and SR 24s). For the cases where a single power law fits the data well, the centimeter emission is likely produced by optically thin dust with large grains (i.e., centimeter-size pebbles) present in the transitional disks. For the cases where a double power law fits the data, the centimeter emission might be produced by the combination of photoevaporation and a free–free jet. We conclude that RXJ1633 and UX Tau A are excellent examples of transitional disks where the structure of the emission from centimeter/millimeter pebbles can be studied. In the other cases, some other physical emitting mechanisms are also important in the centimeter regime.
Convection Destroys the Core/Mantle Structure in Hybrid C/O/Ne White Dwarfs
Authors: Brooks Jared , Schwab Josiah , Bildsten Lars , Quataert Eliot , Paxton Bill 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
A hybrid C/O/Ne white dwarf (WD)—an unburned C/O core surrounded by an O/Ne/Na mantle—can be formed if the carbon flame is quenched in a super-AGB star or white dwarf merger remnant. We show that this segregated hybrid structure becomes unstable to rapid mixing within 2000 years of the onset of WD cooling. Carbon burning includes a weak reaction that removes electrons, resulting in a lower electron-to-baryon ratio (

) in the regions processed by carbon burning compared to the unburned C/O core, making the O/Ne mantle denser than the C/O core as the WD cools. This is unstable to efficient mixing. We use the results of

models with different size C/O cores to quantify the rate at which the cores mix with the mantle as they cool. In all cases, we find that the WDs undergo significant core/mantle mixing on timescales shorter than the time available to grow the WD to the Chandrasekhar mass (M
Ch) by accretion. As a result, hybrid WDs that reach M
Ch due to later accretion will have lower central carbon fractions than assumed thus far. We briefly discuss the implications of these results for the possibility of SNe Ia from hybrid WDs.
Possible Risk Factors and Clinical Effects of Opaque Bubble Layer in Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE)
Authors: Son Gisung , Lee Junghyun , Jang Cheolwon , Choi Ki Yong , Cho Beom Jin , Lim Tae Hyung 
Published: January 2017

PURPOSE:
To report the development of an opaque bubble layer (OBL) during small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and analyze its potential risk factors and the clinical outcome.

METHODS:
A retrospective review of medical records was performed. The patients were divided into two groups in terms of OBL area following a posterior lenticule cut: OBL less than 5% of cornea and OBL greater than 5% of cornea. Preoperative parameters and clinical outcomes were compared. The association between amount of OBL and the various parameters was determined using a correlation analysis.

RESULTS:
The study included 208 myopic eyes (106 patients). The incidence of OBL was 51.82% (108 eyes) and mean OBL area was 3.06% ± 4.62%. The OBL greater than 5% group (48 eyes, 23.08%) had a thicker cornea, a thinner lenticule, and a longer operation time than the OBL less than 5% group (160 eyes, 72.92%). Visual acuity, efficacy, and safety were similar between groups except for a slightly lower predictability value for the OBL greater than 5% group. The amount of OBL area presented a quantitative association with corneal thickness, lenticule thickness, and the relative vertical position of the posterior lenticular surface. Flap tear was observed in 8 eyes (3.84%), at which an extensive amount of OBL (9.76% ± 7.02%) developed.

CONCLUSIONS:
Eyes with a thicker cornea or a thinner lenticule are more likely to develop OBL during SMILE. The OBL does not affect the overall clinical outcome. In eyes with extensive OBL, there is a higher incidence of flap tear and a lower predictability value.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(1):24–29.]
OCT Study of the Femtosecond Laser Opaque Bubble Layer
Authors: Marino Gustavo K. , Santhiago Marcony R. , Wilson Steven E. 
Published: January 2017

PURPOSE:
To characterize the location and regularity of the opaque bubble layer (OBL) in the corneal stroma after femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK (FS-LASIK) flap generation.

METHODS:
In this prospective study, 30 eyes of 15 patients who had FS-LASIK surgery for myopia, astigmatism, and/or hyperopia were included. Screen captures were obtained at the end of the flap creation and the eyes with hard type OBL were immediately imaged with anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

RESULTS:
The mean age of the 9 men and 6 women was 40 ± 11.3 years (range: 22 to 60 years). Seven eyes (23.3%) developed hard type OBL that was typically localized in the central cornea beneath the LASIK flap and, in the majority of cases, located close to the hinge of the flap. Three of the seven eyes had OBL only within the laser cut, whereas the four other eyes had OBL in a spotty distribution within the stromal bed beneath the flap. None of the eyes had an accumulation of OBL within the flap itself.

CONCLUSIONS:
The excimer laser ablation of a stroma with OBL may be different from that of a stroma without OBL. Management of OBL when it occurs due to flap production, including allowing the bubble to dissipate when they overlie the pupil, is important to obtain the best outcomes with femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK.

[
J Refract Surg.
2017;33(1):18–22.]
Microbiome-Modulated Metabolites at the Interface of Host Immunity
Authors: Blacher Eran , Levy Maayan , Tatirovsky Evgeny , Elinav Eran 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract and associated mucosal immune system harbor a large repertoire of metabolites of prokaryotic and eukaryotic origin that play important roles in eukaryotic development and physiology. These often bioactive small molecules originate from nutrition- and environmental-related sources, or are endogenously produced and modulated by the host and its microbiota. A complex network of interactions exists between the intestinal mucosal immune system and the microbiota. This intimate cross-talk may be driven by metabolite secretion and signaling, and features profound influences on host immunity and physiology, including the endocrine, metabolic, and nervous system function in health and disease. Alterations in microbiome-associated metabolite levels and activity are implicated in the pathogenesis of a growing number of illnesses. In this review we discuss the origin and influence of microbiome-modulated metabolites, with an emphasis on immune cell development and function. We further highlight the emerging data potentially implicating metabolite misbalance with host-microbiome–associated disease.