bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Classroom community and discourse: How argumentation emerges during a Socratic circle
Authors: Brown Alexis Carmela 
Published: March 2016

Literacy and language development is a central aspect of educational theory and practice. One area of literacy and rowlanguage research that has had a lot of attention is dialogic teaching (Bakhtin, 1984; Freire, 1970; Murphey, Wilkinson, Soter, Hennessey, & Alexander, 2009; Reznitskaya & Gregory, 2013). However, there is limited research on how high school students use their classroom discourse to construct meaning, especially in argumentation. The purpose of this data analysis is to investigate the emergence of argumentation literacy in a Socratic circle. Socratic circles, a literacy practice consisting of two concentric circles of students focused around a piece of text, are used to provide students with the opportunity to co-construct meaning through classroom dialogue (Copeland, 2005). The emergence and construction of argumentation is analyzed by applying discourse analysis to a video of a high school classroom,. Findings from this analysis reveal that through the use of exploratory talk, three discourse patterns emerge that are in line with argumentation practices: (1) generalizations, (2) communicative struggles, and (3) co-construction of ideas. Results of the analysis are discussed to inform theory and instruction on dialogic teaching and the use of Socratic circles to develop argumentation-related forms of literacy.
Fabrication of short-period poled structures and UV sum-frequency generation in 8 mol % MgO-doped congruent LiTaO3 crystal
Authors: Oka Toshiharu , Suhara Toshiaki 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Heavily (8 mol %) MgO-doped congruent LiTaO3 (MgO:cLT) crystal has wider transparency range and is expected to have higher photorefractive damage resistance than LiNbO3 or non-doped LT crystal. We obtained uniform PP structures with periods of ∼7 and ∼2 µm in MgO:cLT crystal and demonstrated UV sum-frequency generation (SFG) experiments at 355 nm wavelength for the first time. The FWHM temperature acceptance bandwidths and the normalized SFG efficiencies were close to the calculated values.
Fabrication of organic FETs based on printing techniques and the improvement of FET properties by the insertion of solution-processable buffer layers
Authors: Itoh Eiji , Kanamori Akira 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this study, we developed multilayer deposition and patterning processes that can be used to fabricate all-printed, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) on the basis of vacuum-free, solution-processable soft-lithography techniques. We have used regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as a soluble p-type polymer semiconductor and (6,6)-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as a soluble n-type semiconductor, and cross-linked poly(vinyl phenol) (CL-PVP) as a low-temperature (<150 °C)-curable soluble polymer gate insulator. We have compared the electrical properties of OFETs with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), silver nanoparticles (NPs), and their composites (or multilayers) as printed source–drain (S–D) electrodes in order to fabricate vacuum-free, all-printed OFETs. The P3HT-OFETs with MWCNT S–D electrodes exhibited higher hole mobility and on/off ratios than the devices with Ag NP S–D electrodes owing to better contact at the MWCNT/P3HT interface. On the other hand, Ag/molybdenum oxide (MoO3) S–D electrodes considerably enhanced the hole injection and caused the reduction in the on/off ratio and the difficulty in turning off the devices. The PCBM-OFETs with MWCNT S–D electrodes also exhibited higher electron mobility that is almost comparable to that of P3HT-OFETs and lower threshold voltage, which was considered to be due to the enhanced electron injection at the electrode interface.
Magneto-optical switching devices based on Si resonators
Authors: Noda Kazuki , Okada Kazuya , Amemiya Yoshiteru , Yokoyama Shin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The magneto-optical switching devices based on Si ring and Si photonic crystal resonators have been fabricated using a Bi3Fe5O12 (BIG) film deposited by the metal organic decomposition (MOD) method. The quality of the obtained BIG film was evaluated by X-ray diffraction and the magneto-optical Kerr effect and relatively good results were obtained. The light modulations of both devices were ≦20% at a wavelength of ∼1.5 µm. The operation mechanisms of both devices are explained by the Cotton–Mouton effect where the magnetic field direction is perpendicular to the light propagation direction.
Questions of time and affect: a person’s affectivity profile, time perspective, and well-being
Authors: Garcia Danilo , Sailer Uta , Nima Ali Al , Archer Trevor 
Published: March 2016

Background.A “balanced” time perspective has been suggested to have a positive influence on well-being: a sentimental and positive view of the past (high Past Positive), a less pessimistic attitude toward the past (low Past Negative), the desire of experiencing pleasure with slight concern for future consequences (high Present Hedonistic), a less fatalistic and hopeless view of the future (low Present Fatalistic), and the ability to find reward in achieving specific long-term goals (high Future). We used the affective profiles model (i.e., combinations of individuals’ experience of high/low positive/negative affectivity) to investigate differences between individuals in time perspective dimensions and to investigate if the influence of time perspective dimensions on well-being was moderated by the individual’s type of profile.Method.Participants (N= 720) answered to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule, the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory and two measures of well-being: the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale and Ryff’s Scales of Psychological Well-Being-short version. A Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) was conducted to identify differences in time perspective dimensions and well-being among individuals with distinct affective profiles. Four structural equation models (SEM) were used to investigate which time perspective dimensions predicted well-being for individuals in each profile.Results.Comparisons between individuals at the extreme of the affective profiles model suggested that individuals with a self-fulfilling profile (high positive/low negative affect) were characterized by a “balanced” time perspective and higher well-being compared to individuals with a self-destructive profile (low positive/high negative affect). However, a different pattern emerged when individuals who differed in one affect dimension but matched in the other were compared to each other. For instance, decreases in the past negative time perspective dimension lead to high positive affect when negative affect is high (i.e., self-destructive vs. high affective) but to low negative affect when positive affect was high (i.e., high affective vs. self-fulfilling). The moderation analyses showed, for example, that for individuals with a self-destructive profile, psychological well-being was significantly predicted by the past negative, present fatalistic and future time perspectives. Among individuals with a high affective or a self-fulfilling profile, psychological well-being was significantly predicted by the present fatalistic dimension.Conclusions.The interactions found here go beyond the postulation of a “balanced” time perspective being the only way to promote well-being. Instead, we present a more person-centered approach to achieve higher levels of emotional, cognitive, and psychological well-being.
Combined Whole Eye and Face Transplant
Authors: Ceradini Daniel J. , Tran David L. , Dedania Vaidehi S. , Gelb Bruce E. , Cohen Oriana D. , Flores Roberto L. , Levine Jamie P. , Saadeh Pierre B. , Staffenberg David A. , Ben Youss Zakia , Filipiak Patryk , Baete Steven H. , Rodriguez Eduardo D. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceCatastrophic facial injury with globe loss remains a formidable clinical problem with no previous reports of reconstruction by whole eye or combined whole eye and facial transplant.ObjectiveTo develop a microsurgical strategy for combined whole eye and facial transplant and describe the clinical findings during the first year following transplant.Design, Setting, and ParticipantA 46-year-old man who sustained a high-voltage electrical injury with catastrophic tissue loss to his face and left globe underwent combined whole eye and face transplant using personalized surgical devices and a novel microsurgical strategy at a specialized center for vascularized composite allotransplantation.Main Outcomes and MeasuresReperfusion and viability of the whole eye and facial allografts, retinal function, and incidence of acute rejection.ResultsThe patient underwent a combined whole eye and face transplant from an immunologically compatible donor with primary optic nerve coaptation and conventional postoperative immunosuppression. Globe and retinal perfusion were maintained throughout the immediate postoperative period, evidenced by fluorescein angiography. Optical coherence tomography demonstrated atrophy of inner retinal layers and attenuation and disruption of the ellipsoid zone. Serial electroretinography confirmed retinal responses to light in the transplanted eye. Using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging, the integrity of the transplanted visual pathways and potential occipital cortical response to light stimulation of the transplanted eye was demonstrated. At 1 year post transplant (postoperative day 366), there was no perception of light in the transplanted eye.Conclusions and RelevanceThis is the first report of whole eye transplant combined with facial transplant, demonstrating allograft survival including rejection-free graft survival and electroretinographic measurements indicating retinal response to light stimuli. These data highlight the potential for clinical allotransplantation for globe loss.
Error Management Training and Adaptive Expertise in Learning Computed Tomography Interpretation
Authors: Aliaga Leonardo , Bavolek Rebecca A. , Cooper Benjamin , Mariorenzi Amy , Ahn James , Kraut Aaron , Duong David , Burger Catherine , Gisondi Michael A. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceAdaptive expertise helps physicians apply their skills to novel clinical cases and reduce preventable errors. Error management training (EMT) has been shown to improve adaptive expertise with procedural skills; however, its application to cognitive skills in medical education is unclear.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether EMT improves adaptive expertise when learning the cognitive skill of head computed tomography (CT) interpretation.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis 3-arm randomized clinical trial was conducted from July 8, 2022, to March 30, 2023, in 7 geographically diverse emergency medicine residency programs. Participants were postgraduate year 1 through 4 emergency medicine residents masked to the hypothesis.InterventionsParticipants were randomized 1:1:1 to a difficult EMT, easy EMT, or error avoidance training (EAT) control learning strategy for completing an online head CT curriculum. Both EMT cohorts received no didactic instruction before scrolling through head CT cases, whereas the EAT group did. The difficult EMT cohort answered difficult questions about the teaching cases, leading to errors, whereas the easy EMT cohort answered easy questions, leading to fewer errors. All 3 cohorts used the same cases.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was a difference in adaptive expertise among the 3 cohorts, as measured using a head CT posttest. Secondary outcomes were (1) differences in routine expertise, (2) whether the quantity of errors during training mediated differences in adaptive expertise, and (3) the interaction between prior residency training and the learning strategies.ResultsAmong 212 randomized participants (mean [SD] age, 28.8 [2.0] years; 107 men [50.5%]), 70 were allocated to the difficult EMT, 71 to the easy EMT, and 71 to the EAT control cohorts; 150 participants (70.8%) completed the posttest. The difficult EMT cohort outperformed both the easy EMT and EAT cohorts on adaptive expertise cases (60.6% [95% CI, 56.1%-65.1%] vs 45.2% [95% CI, 39.9%-50.6%], vs 40.9% [95% CI, 36.0%-45.7%], respectively; P &amp;lt; .001), with a large effect size (η2 = 0.19). There was no significant difference in routine expertise. The difficult EMT cohort made more errors during training than the easy EMT cohort. Mediation analysis showed that the number of errors during training explained 87.2% of the difficult EMT learning strategy’s effect on improving adaptive expertise (P = .01). The difficult EMT learning strategy was more effective in improving adaptive expertise for residents earlier in training, with a large effect size (η2 = 0.25; P = .002).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this randomized clinical trial, the findings show that EMT is an effective method to develop physicians’ adaptive expertise with cognitive skills.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05284838
Portability of IMRT QA between matched linear accelerators
Authors: Barraclough Brendan , Labby Zacariah E. , Frigo Sean P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo determine if patient‐specific IMRT quality assurance can be measured on any matched treatment delivery system (TDS) for patient treatment delivery on another.MethodsThree VMAT plans of varying complexity were created for each available energy for head and neck, SBRT lung, and right chestwall anatomical sites. Each plan was delivered on three matched Varian TrueBeam TDSs to the same Scandidos Delta4 Phantom+ diode array with only energy‐specific device calibrations. Dose distributions were corrected for TDS output and then compared to TPS calculations using gamma analysis. Round‐robin comparisons between measurements from each TDS were also performed using point‐by‐point dose difference, median dose difference, and the percent of point dose differences within 2% of the mean metrics.ResultsAll plans had more than 95% of points passing a gamma analysis using 3%/3 mm criteria with global normalization and a 20% threshold when comparing measurements to calculations. The tightest gamma analysis criteria where a plan still passed > 95% were similar across delivery systems—within 0.5%/0.5 mm for all but three plan/energy combinations. Median dose deviations in measurement‐to‐measurement comparisons were within 0.7% and 1.0% for global and local normalization, respectively. More than 90% of the point differences were within 2%.ConclusionA set of plans spanning available energies and complexity levels were delivered by three matched TDSs. Comparisons to calculations and between measurements showed dose distributions delivered by each TDS using the same DICOM RT‐plan file meet tolerances much smaller than typical clinical IMRT QA criteria. This demonstrates each TDS is modeled to a similar accuracy by a common class (shared) beam model. Additionally, it demonstrates that dose distributions from one TDS show small differences in median dose to the others. This is an important validation component of the common beam model approach, allowing for operational improvements in the clinic.
A framework for medical physics compensation in an academic department
Authors: Gierga David P. , Zewe Tiffany , Yoon Su , Bortfeld Thomas R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCompensation is a key component of career satisfaction and professional growth. A new compensation model was developed to provide a framework for career growth and a compensation ladder for medical physicists with clinical responsibilities in an academic radiation oncology department. The goals for the new model were: (1) create a market competitive plan to support recruitment and retention of top physics talent, (2) incentivize clinical effort, innovation, citizenship/professional service, and academic achievement, (3) provide compensation growth opportunities separate from medical school promotions, and (4) create consistent, transparent, and fair metrics applicable to all clinical physicists in the department. The model includes a base salary, and credits for board certification, clinical tier, leadership, and academic level. Further, metrics were developed to inform the clinical tier. Years of experience is not explicitly included in the model. The model was successfully implemented for clinical physicists in a relatively large academic radiation oncology department.
Effects of Social Vulnerability and Environmental Burden on Care Fragmentation and Social Needs Among Individuals With Rheumatic Conditions
Authors: Santacroce Leah , Yang Sherry , Summit Rebecca , Valle Ana , Collins Jamie E. , Dellaripa Paul F. , Feldman Candace H. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveEnvironmental hazards and heightened neighborhood social vulnerability coexist and disproportionately affect minoritized populations. We investigated associations between exposure to adverse environmental burden concentrated in areas with high social vulnerability and care fragmentation (missed appointments, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations) and social needs (eg, food and housing insecurity) among individuals with rheumatic conditions.MethodsWe identified adults receiving care in a Massachusetts multihospital system with at least two rheumatic disease codes and complete street addresses. Geocoded addresses were linked to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Social–Environmental Ranking (SER), which combines census‐tract social vulnerability variables (eg, socioeconomic status) with environmental hazards (eg, air and water pollution). Social needs were obtained from self‐reported surveys. Multilevel, multinomial regression models estimated associations between SER quartiles and care fragmentation and social need burden, accounting for demographics and comorbidities.ResultsAmong 16,856 individuals with rheumatic conditions, 70% were female, 6% were Black, 82% were White, and 7% resided in the highest combined social vulnerability and environmental burden (SER quartile 4) areas. Among 7,083 with social needs data, 19% experienced more than one challenge. Individuals in SER quartile 4 areas (vs quartile 1) had 2.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.67–2.46) times greater odds of at least four care fragmentation occurrences (vs 0) and 2.37 (95% CI 1.73–3.25) times greater odds of at least two social needs (vs 0).ConclusionResidence in areas of high combined adverse environmental burden and social vulnerability was associated with significantly greater odds of care fragmentation and social needs. Addressing structural factors and emerging environmental threats contributing to these adverse exposures is essential to reduce rheumatic disease care inequities.
Dimeric Carbazole Core Based Dopant‐Free Hole Transport Material for n‐i‐p Planar Perovskite Solar Cell
Authors: Xia Ziyang , Feng Xuezhen , Wu Tai , Zhang Wei , Chen Cheng , Wang Linqin , Zhang Wenbin , Wang Haoxin , Tian Yi , Hua Yong , Chen Hong , Cheng Ming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA profitable approach for improving the stability of n‐i‐p planar perovskite solar cell (PSC) is developing dopant‐free hole transport materials (HTMs) with desirable intrinsic charge transport properties. In this work, by adopting a metal‐free catalytic intramolecular C─C coupling reaction, a carbazole dimer‐based fused‐ring is synthesized, and further developed a small molecular dopant‐free HTM abbreviated as NCz‐DM with appropriate energy level, excellent hole transport and film formation properties. Applied in n‐i‐p planar PSC, an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.0% is achieved, together with enhanced humidity, thermal and light stability, which is among the high level of ever‐reported results for PSCs utilizing small molecular dopant‐free HTM.
Liquid Metal Aerogel With Janus Architecture for Selective Direction Recognition and High‐Efficiency Moisture Energy Harvesting
Authors: Cui Jing , Li Xiankai , Xia Yanzhi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLiquid metal (LM) micro‐nano droplets show the superiority in reducing the high surface tension applicable in conductive inks for flexible electronics. However, the dynamic surface makes LM droplets susceptible to be oxidized, facing challenges in storage and applications. Herein, a bifunctional groups cross‐linking strategy is adopted to encapsulate LM droplets into a robust shell. During sonicating LM in carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) solution with bifunctional groups (i.e., carboxyl and amino groups), a robust interface shell is constructed by anchoring effect, thereby providing high chemical stability (>7d). When directionally freezing‐drying LM dispersions, aerogel with Janus architecture is produced driven by the gravity of LM droplets. Due to the unique heterogeneous structure, the resultant aerogel exhibits a selective multifunctional response toward directional bending. In addition, owing to the gradient distribution of CMCS within aerogel, moisture electricity generator can be built with a high output voltage of 460 mV. Thus, this bifunctional groups cross‐linking strategy not only improves the chemical stability of LM micro‐nano droplets, but also renders a new method for producing multifunctional aerogel with energy harvesting and selective directional recognition, and applicable in smart sensors and power supplying devices.
The Role of Carrier Ion‐Ligand Interaction on Intercalation Potentials and Phase Evolution of Berlin Green Cathodes in Rechargeable Batteries
Authors: Heo Jeong Yeon , Lee Ju‐Hyeon , Kim Geunsu , Kim Hyunjin , Lee Hyeon Jeong , Lee Ji Hoon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntercalation and deintercalation are fundamental processes in battery electrodes that involve the reversible addition and extraction of carrier ions such as lithium (Li) and sodium (Na) into a host framework made of transition metal (TM) ions and ligands. Although TM–ligand interactions are known to primarily determine intercalation potentials, a comprehensive understanding of their interactions involving the carrier ions still remains elusive. This study investigates the complex interactions between carrier ions (Li and Na) and the ligand in Berlin green (BG, Fe3+[Fe3+(CN)6]) cathodes to elucidate their effects on intercalation potentials and phase evolution. Comprehensive X‐ray characterizations and electrochemical analyses reveal that the strong carrier ion–ligand interaction, influenced by the type and concentration of carrier ions, can modify the electronic structure of Fe ions and affect the intercalated structure of BG cathodes, thereby tuning the intercalation potentials. Specifically, the enhanced covalent interaction of the Na–CN units compared with that of the Li–CN units induces rhombohedral distortion in the fully sodiated state and increases the working potential of high‐spin Fe ions. The findings highlight the critical role of carrier ion–ligand interactions in tuning the electrochemical properties of battery electrodes for the design of advanced battery systems.