bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Students' regulation of their emotions in a science classroom
Authors: Tomas Louisa , Rigano Donna , Ritchie Stephen M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractResearch aimed at understanding the role of the affective domain in student learning in classrooms has undergone a recent resurgence due to the need to understand students' affective response to science instruction. In a case study of a year 8 science class in North Queensland, students worked in small groups to write, film, edit, and produce short videos about the socio‐scientific issue of coal seam gas mining as part of a unit on energy. Student emotions over the course of the unit of work were recorded using emotion diaries (a self‐report measure), video recordings of lessons, and end‐of‐project interviews. We identify trends in student emotions and analyze their relation to classroom activities using two constructs for interpreting the affective dimension of student learning: emotional energy and emotion regulation. By analyzing a salient classroom event, we report students' regulation of negative emotions like frustration and anger as they worked together to complete the video project successfully. Furthermore, we propose that emotions, particularly positive emotions, elicited by the video task and not the socio‐scientific issue dominated students' experiences and perceptions of the unit. This raises questions about how students' positive emotions might be regulated effectively so that they remain focused on the intended learning. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 53: 234–260, 2016.
Observation Versus Embolization in Patients with Blunt Splenic Injury After Trauma: A Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Olthof Dominique C. , Joosse Pieter , Bossuyt Patrick M.M. , de Rooij Philippe P. , Leenen Loek P. H. , Wendt Klaus W. , Bloemers Frank W. , Goslings J. Carel 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundNon‐operative management (NOM) is the standard of care in hemodynamically stable patients with blunt splenic injury after trauma. Splenic artery embolization (SAE) is reported to increase observation success rate. Studies demonstrating improved splenic salvage rates with SAE primarily compared SAE with historical controls. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SAE improves success rate compared to observation alone in contemporaneous patients with blunt splenic injury.MethodsWe included adult patients with blunt splenic injury admitted to five Level 1 Trauma Centers between January 2009 and December 2012 and selected for NOM. Successful treatment was defined as splenic salvage and no splenic re‐intervention. We calculated propensity scores, expressing the probability of undergoing SAE, using multivariable logistic regression and created five strata based on the quintiles of the propensity score distribution. A weighted relative risk (RR) was calculated across strata to express the chances of success with SAE.ResultsTwo hundred and six patients were included in the study. Treatment was successful in 180 patients: 134/146 (92 %) patients treated with observation and 48/57 (84 %) patients treated with SAE. The weighted RR for success with SAE was 1.17 (0.94–1.45); for complications, the weighted RR was 0.71 (0.41–1.22). The mean number of transfused blood products was 4.4 (SD 9.9) in the observation group versus 9.1 (SD 17.2) in the SAE group.ConclusionsAfter correction for confounders with propensity score stratification technique, there was no significant difference between embolization and observation alone with regard to successful treatment in patients with blunt splenic injury after trauma.
Does habitat use and ecological niche shift over the lifespan of wild species? Patterns of the bearded vulture population in the Western Alps
Authors: Milanesi P. , Giraudo L. , Morand A. , Viterbi R. , Bogliani G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe analysed bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) occurrences collected through long‐term monitoring (from 1993 to 2010) in the Western Alps (1) to test whether ecological niches shift due to individual development and (2) to verify whether these patterns could reflect their spatial distribution. Thus, we compared the distribution patterns of three age classes (‘young’, ‘sub‐adults’ and ‘adults’) through the K‐select analysis. We then computed ten species distribution models (SDMs) and their average prediction to test for differences in age class distribution. The K‐select analysis showed highly significant differences in the ecological niche among all the age classes and we also found highly significant differences in all the SDMs among the three age classes considered. Our results quantitatively showed that target species exhibits age specific shifts in the ecological niche and changes in the spatial distribution of individuals. Our methods are potentially widely applicable for testing differences among age classes of other species and thus, defining the best conservation actions (such as re‐introduction) by taking into account different requirements in different stages of the individuals’ life.
Isoprenoid Alcohols are Susceptible to Oxidation with Singlet Oxygen and Hydroxyl Radicals
Authors: Komaszylo née Siedlecka Joanna , Kania Magdalena , Masnyk Marek , Cmoch Piotr , Lozinska Iwona , Czarnocki Zbigniew , Skorupinska‐Tudek Karolina , Danikiewicz Witold , Swiezewska Ewa 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIsoprenoids, as common constituents of all living cells, are exposed to oxidative agents—reactive oxygen species, for example, singlet oxygen or hydroxyl radicals. Despite this fact, products of oxidation of polyisoprenoids have never been characterized. In this study, chemical oxidation of isoprenoid alcohols (Prenol‐2 and ‐10) was performed using singlet oxygen (generated in the presence of hydrogen peroxide/molybdate or upon photochemical reaction in the presence of porphyrin), oxygen (formed upon hydrogen peroxide dismutation) or hydroxyl radical (generated by the hydrogen peroxide/sonication, UV/titanium dioxide or UV/hydrogen peroxide) systems. The structure of the obtained products, hydroxy‐, peroxy‐ and heterocyclic derivatives, was studied with the aid of mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. Furthermore, mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization appeared to be a useful analytical tool to detect the products of oxidation of isoprenoids (ESI–MS analysis), as well as to establish their structure on the basis of the fragmentation spectra of selected ions (ESI–MS/MS analysis). Taken together, susceptibility of polyisoprenoid alcohols to various oxidizing agents was shown for the first time.
Characteristics of Specialty Natural Micronutrients in Certain Oilseeds and Oils: Plastochromanol‐8, Resveratrol, 5‐Hydroxytryptamine Phenylpropanoid Amides, Lanosterol, Ergosterol and Cyclolinopeptides
Authors: Jin Jun , Sheraliev Gayrat , Xie Dan , Zhang Wei , Jin Qingzhe , Wang Xingguo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe current concern for health has raised the importance of natural micronutrients in edible oils and fats. Different from common micronutrients, e.g., tocopherols, tocotrienols, stigmasterol and sitosterol, new and emerging specialty micronutrients, such as plastochromanol‐8, resveratrol, phenylpropanoid amides of 5‐hydroxytryptamine, lanosterol, ergosterol and cyclolinopeptides, are becoming increasingly popular among health‐conscious people. The first three are phenolic compounds, the forth and fifth sterols, and sixth a peptide. These micronutrients are usually present in certain oils or oilseed‐related byproducts, including rapeseed, peanut, flaxseed, tea seed, and camellia oils, and safflower seed cakes, all of which are the highly valuable products of the lipid industry in China nowadays. The first object of this review is to discuss the characteristics of the micronutrients, mainly including their varieties, structures, and sources. Second, the antioxidant activities and indicative functions for oil quality were also analyzed in detail. Third, refining techniques, breeding programs and extraction methods are suggested. Suitable modification treatments of certain micronutrients are also advocated to make them easy to incorporate in other foods.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Tyrosol‐Based Phenolipids: Characterization and Effect of Alkyl Chain Unsaturation on the Antioxidant Activities in Bulk Oil and Oil‐in‐Water Emulsion
Authors: Pande Garima , Akoh Casimir C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOxidative stability of lipids is one of the most important parameters affecting their quality. Lipase‐catalyzed lipophilic tyrosyl esters with an equivalent carbon alkyl chain but different degrees of unsaturation (C18:0 to C18:4n3) were prepared, characterized, and used as antioxidants. Free fatty acids and fatty acid ethyl esters (substrate molar ratio tyrosol: acyl donor, 1:10) were used as acyl donors and immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica was the biocatalyst (10 %). The phenolipids were isolated and characterized using ESI–MS, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR. Peroxide value (PV) and para‐anisidine value (p‐AV) were measured to evaluate their antioxidant activities in bulk oil structured lipid (SL) and in an oil‐in‐water emulsion (SL‐based infant formula). No significant difference was found in yield and reaction time between the two types of acyl donors. However, as the unsaturation of the fatty acids increased the reaction time also increased. In SL, tyrosyl esters exhibited lower antioxidant activity than tyrosol whereas the addition of an alkyl chain enhanced the antioxidant efficiency of tyrosol in infant formula. Tyrosyl oleate was the most efficient antioxidant in the emulsion system followed by tyrosyl stearate and tyrosyl linoleate. These results suggest that the synthesized phenolipids may be used as potential antioxidants in lipid‐based products.
Responsibilizing individuals, regulating health: debating public spots, risk, and neoliberal governmentality in contemporary Turkey
Authors: Aykan Bahar , Güvenç-Salgırlı Sanem 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCurrently, a mass media campaign is underway in Turkey using a new communication means called the “public spot” (kamu spotu). This article concentrates on the public spots produced by Turkey’s Ministry of Health, and more specifically on those that advocate quitting smoking and preventing obesity. Drawing on interviews with Ministry of Health personnel and analyzing the content of these spots, we suggest that they operate as risk caveats. They caution individuals against smoking and obesity’s potential harms and guide her/him towards self-health governance by encouraging the maintenance of a particular lifestyle that embraces a balanced diet, regular activity, and no smoking. As such, we read these spots as a technique of neoliberal governmentality. This technique works primarily by responsibilizing individuals as health entrepreneurs investing in risk free lifestyles; that is, by conceptualizing health as a matter of self-conduct where personal responsibilities are emphasized.
Prospective, Head-to-Head Study of Three Computerized Neurocognitive Assessment Tools (CNTs): Reliability and Validity for the Assessment of Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: Nelson Lindsay D. , LaRoche Ashley A. , Pfaller Adam Y. , Lerner E. Brooke , Hammeke Thomas A. , Randolph Christopher , Barr William B. , Guskiewicz Kevin , McCrea Michael A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLimited data exist comparing the performance of computerized neurocognitive tests (CNTs) for assessing sport-related concussion. We evaluated the reliability and validity of three CNTs—ANAM, Axon Sports/Cogstate Sport, and ImPACT—in a common sample. High school and collegiate athletes completed two CNTs each at baseline. Concussed (n=165) and matched non-injured control (n=166) subjects repeated testing within 24 hr and at 8, 15, and 45 days post-injury. Roughly a quarter of each CNT’s indices had stability coefficients (M=198 day interval) over .70. Group differences in performance were mostly moderate to large at 24 hr and small by day 8. The sensitivity of reliable change indices (RCIs) was best at 24 hr (67.8%, 60.3%, and 47.6% with one or more significant RCIs for ImPACT, Axon, and ANAM, respectively) but diminished to near the false positive rates thereafter. Across time, the CNTs’ sensitivities were highest in those athletes who became asymptomatic within 1 day before neurocognitive testing but was similar to the tests’ false positive rates when including athletes who became asymptomatic several days earlier. Test–retest reliability was similar among these three CNTs and below optimal standards for clinical use on many subtests. Analyses of group effect sizes, discrimination, and sensitivity and specificity suggested that the CNTs may add incrementally (beyond symptom scores) to the identification of clinical impairment within 24 hr of injury or within a short time period after symptom resolution but do not add significant value over symptom assessment later. The rapid clinical recovery course from concussion and modest stability probably jointly contribute to limited signal detection capabilities of neurocognitive tests outside a brief post-injury window. (JINS, 2016,22, 24–37)
Menu labelling is effective in reducing energy ordered and consumed: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent studies
Authors: Littlewood Jodie Anne , Lourenço Sofia , Iversen Cecilie Lauberg , Hansen Gitte Laub 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectiveMenu labelling is a practical tool to inform consumers of the energy content of menu items and help consumers make informed decisions in the eating-out environment, and the volume of studies published recently regarding its effects is expanding, both quantitatively and geographically. The aim of the present review and meta-analysis is to consider the most recent evidence which assesses the effect of menu labelling regarding changes in energy consumed, ordered or selected in both real-world and experimental settings.DesignThe review included fifteen peer-reviewed, full-text articles published between 2012 and 2014. Pertinent methodological information was extracted from each of the included studies and a quality assessment scheme was applied to classify the studies, after which systematic across-study comparisons were conducted. A meta-analysis was conducted including twelve of the fifteen studies, and stratified according to type of research setting and outcome: energy consumed, ordered or selected.ResultsThe rating yielded studies categorized by study quality: good (n 3), fair (n 9) and weak (n 3). Overall nine studies showed statistically significant reductions in energy consumed, ordered or selected. Three articles reported no effect of menu labelling. The meta-analysis showed statistically significant effects of menu labelling: overall energy consumed was reduced by a mean of 419·5 kJ (100·2 kcal) and energy ordered in real-world settings decreased by a mean of 325·7 kJ (77·8 kcal).ConclusionsThe review supports that menu labelling can effectively reduce energy ordered and consumed in the away-from-home food environment.
Preaching to, or Beyond, the Choir
Authors: Kutlaca Maja , Van Zomeren Martijn , Epstude Kai 
Published: December 2015

Abstract. Although values motivate participation in collective action, little is known about whether their communication by a social movement motivates identification with it. In the context of student protests against budget cuts, we tested whether and how fitting a value (right to free education) to two relevant group identities (i.e., student vs. national identity) influenced politicized identification among individuals in ideologically different student subgroups (N = 168). Specifically, for students who shared the movement’s ideological background, we found that communicating values increased the predictive power of affective predictors of politicized identification over instrumental ones. However, for students who did not share the movement’s ideological background, fitting values to student (but not national) identity decreased politicized identification. These findings imply that value-identity fit must be taken into account if one wants to motivate a broad audience of potential followers with diverse ideological backgrounds for collective action.
Bioengineered yeast-derived vacuoles with enhanced tissue-penetrating ability for targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Gujrati Vipul , Lee Miriam , Ko Young-Joon , Lee Sangeun , Kim Daejin , Kim Hyungjun , Kang Sukmo , Lee Soyoung , Kim Jinjoo , Jeon Hyungsu , Kim Sun Chang , Jun Youngsoo , Jon Sangyong 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Tumor tissues have formidable physiological barriers, such as a high interstitial pressure and a densely entangled ECM. Most synthetic nanomaterials used for drug delivery fail to penetrate tumor tissues deeply and localize only in perivascular areas, thereby limiting their therapeutic efficacy. This report describes bioengineered yeast-derived natural nanocarriers for cancer-specific targeting and drug delivery. Budding yeast was genetically engineered to produce large numbers of nanosized compartments—vacuoles that display cancer—targeting ligands on their surface. The nanosized vacuoles significantly enhanced drug penetration in tumor xenografts, and consequently prevented tumor growth without eliciting immune responses. This result shows that the biological nanocarriers overcome the limitations associated with synthetic cancer-targeting nanomaterials, and thus can be used to treat various cancers.
Size-dependent control of colloid transport via solute gradients in dead-end channels
Authors: Shin Sangwoo , Um Eujin , Sabass Benedikt , Ault Jesse T. , Rahimi Mohammad , Warren Patrick B. , Stone Howard A. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Dead-end geometries are commonly found in many porous systems. Particle transport into such dead-end pores is often important, but is difficult to achieve owing to the confinement. It is natural to expect that Brownian motion is the sole mechanism to deliver the particles into the pores, but that mechanism is, unfortunately, slow and inefficient. Here, we introduce solute gradient to control the transport of particles in dead-end channels. We demonstrate a size effect such that larger particles tend to focus more and reside deeper in the channels. Our findings suggest a potential pathway to many useful applications that are difficult to achieve in dead-end geometries such as particle sorting and sample preconcentration, which are important in pharmaceuticals and healthcare industries.
Evolutionary transformation of rod photoreceptors in the all-cone retina of a diurnal garter snake
Authors: Schott Ryan K. , Müller Johannes , Yang Clement G. Y. , Bhattacharyya Nihar , Chan Natalie , Xu Mengshu , Morrow James M. , Ghenu Ana-Hermina , Loew Ellis R. , Tropepe Vincent , Chang Belinda S. W. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
This study provides compelling evidence that the previously reported all-cone retina of a diurnal garter snake in fact contains a population of rod photoreceptors with the appearance, and presumably function, of cones. Our results suggest that the evolution of all-cone retinas occurred not through loss of rods but rather via the evolutionary transmutation of ancestral rods into more “cone-like” photoreceptors, to regain functionality that was lost during the early, possibly fossorial, origin of snakes. This study provides a better understanding of the process by which complex molecular/cellular structures and tissue types can evolve, and how, particularly for sensory systems, physiological constraints can be shaped by selective forces to produce evolutionary novelty.
An inhibitor of HIV-1 protease modulates constitutive eIF2α dephosphorylation to trigger a specific integrated stress response
Authors: De Gassart Aude , Bujisic Bojan , Zaffalon Léa , Decosterd Laurent A. , Di Micco Antonia , Frera Gianluca , Tallant Rémy , Martinon Fabio 
Published: December 2015

SignificanceThe integrated stress response (ISR) is an adaptation pathway that integrates multiple stress signals to decrease translation rates and promote specific transcriptional programs. Modulation of this pathway is emerging as a possible therapeutic strategy in pathologies associated with defects in protein homeostasis. In this paper, the antiviral drug Nelfinavir is found to be a strong and unconventional inducer of the ISR both in vitro and in vivo. This study uncovers an atypical mechanism that can initiate this pathway and provides insights on possible mechanisms underlying the metabolic deregulations observed in Nelfinavir-treated patients. Nelfinavir has been used for years to treat HIV; its repositioning in diseases that would benefit from decreased translation speed could therefore be of interest.
Redox potential of the terminal quinone electron acceptor QBin photosystem II reveals the mechanism of electron transfer regulation
Authors: Kato Yuki , Nagao Ryo , Noguchi Takumi 
Published: December 2015

SignificanceIn photosynthesis, photosystem II (PSII) has a function of abstracting electrons from water using light energy and transferring them to a quinone molecule. In addition to the forward electron transfer in PSII, which is essential in energy conversion, backward electron transfer is important in photoprotection of PSII proteins. Forward and backward electron transfers in PSII are regulated by the redox potential (Em) gap of quinone electron acceptors, QAand QB. However, the regulation mechanism is still unclear becauseEmof QBhas not been determined. We directly measuredEmof QBusing an electrochemical method in combination with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Our results clearly explain the mechanism of electron transfer regulation in PSII relevant to photoprotection.
CAMSAP3 orients the apical-to-basal polarity of microtubule arrays in epithelial cells
Authors: Toya Mika , Kobayashi Saeko , Kawasaki Miwa , Shioi Go , Kaneko Mari , Ishiuchi Takashi , Misaki Kazuyo , Meng Wenxiang , Takeichi Masatoshi 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Polarization is essential for epithelial cells to exert a variety of functions. Epithelial polarization includes characteristic microtubule array formation. The microtubules are oriented along the apicobasal axis with their minus ends facing apically. The molecules that regulate such epithelial-specific microtubule assembly remain unknown, however. Our study demonstrates that in intestinal epithelial cells, the microtubule minus-end binding protein CAMSAP3 (calmodulin-regulated–spectrin-associated protein 3) tethers noncentrosomal microtubules to the apical cortex, leading to their longitudinal orientation. This mechanism is essential for maintaining epithelial intracellular organization, such as positioning of organelles. Our findings facilitate our understanding of how epithelial cells acquire polarized structures, which are crucial for their physiological functions.
Critical role of RAGE and HMGB1 in inflammatory heart disease
Authors: Bangert Anna , Andrassy Martin , Müller Anna-Maria , Bockstahler Mariella , Fischer Andrea , Volz Christian H. , Leib Christoph , Göser Stefan , Korkmaz-Icöz Sevil , Zittrich Stefan , Jungmann Andreas , Lasitschka Felix , Pfitzer Gabriele , Müller Oliver J. , Katus Hugo A. , Kaya Ziya 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Myocardial inflammation leads in many cases to cardiomyopathy and contributes to progressive heart failure. The exact pathological mechanism of disease induction and progression in the setting of heart failure is unknown. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), an evolutionarily abundant and highly conserved protein, promotes cardiac inflammation, and in turn immunity, as a damage-associated molecular pattern. HMGB1 stimulates immunity, at least in part, through interaction with its principal binding partner RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products). Here we show that HMGB1 and RAGE appear to be important components in cardiac troponin I-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis as well as in patients with myocarditis. Both molecules represent potential drug targets and show significant potential in heart failure treatment.