bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All-angle negative refraction of highly squeezed plasmon and phonon polaritons in graphene–boron nitride heterostructures
Authors: Lin Xiao , Yang Yi , Rivera Nicholas , López Josué J. , Shen Yichen , Kaminer Ido , Chen Hongsheng , Zhang Baile , Joannopoulos John D. , Soljačić Marin 
Published: June 2017

Significance
Realizing negative refraction of highly squeezed polaritons is an important step toward the active manipulation of light at the extreme nanoscale. To realize negative refraction, an effective means to tailor the coupling of different polaritons is absolutely necessary yet undeveloped. Here, we predict a viable way to flip the sign of group velocities of hybrid plasmon–phonon–polaritons in graphene–boron nitride (BN) heterostructures. The polaritonic strong coupling enables the all-angle negative refraction phenomena between highly squeezed graphene’s plasmons, BN’s phonon polaritons, and their hybrid polaritons. Due to the combined advantages of tunability, low loss, and ultrahigh confinement provided by these polaritons, graphene–BN heterostructures thus provide fundamental tools to explore the manipulation of light at the extreme nanoscale.
Enhanced interplanetary panspermia in the TRAPPIST-1 system
Authors: Lingam Manasvi , Loeb Abraham 
Published: June 2017

SignificanceThe search for extraterrestrial life is one of the most exciting frontiers in present-day astronomy. Recently, the TRAPPIST-1 star was discovered to host seven rocky planets with masses and radii similar to those of the Earth, of which at least three of them may be capable of supporting life. Our paper addresses the possibility that life on one of these planets can spread to others through the transfer of rocky material. We conclude that this process has a high probability of being operational, implying that this planetary system may possess multiple life-bearing planets. Thus, our work has profound theoretical and observational consequences for future studies of the TRAPPIST-1 system and the likelihood of life in our galaxy.
Ubiquitin S65 phosphorylation engenders a pH-sensitive conformational switch
Authors: Dong Xu , Gong Zhou , Lu Yun-Bi , Liu Kan , Qin Ling-Yun , Ran Meng-Lin , Zhang Chang-Li , Liu Zhu , Zhang Wei-Ping , Tang Chun 
Published: June 2017

Significance
Ubiquitination and phosphorylation are the two most important protein posttranslational modifications and cell signals. Ubiquitin can be specifically phosphorylated at S65, and the finding here suggests a general functional role for Ub phosphorylation. We show that subtle fluctuation near physiological pH can affect the protonation status of the S65 phosphoryl group and modulate the structure of the ubiquitin monomer and polyubiquitin. It is known that cellular pH varies among organelles and changes under physiological and pathological conditions. Because ubiquitin is involved in myriad aspects of cell biology, a pH-sensitive conformational switch acquired upon S65 phosphorylation would allow phosphorylated ubiquitin to interact with different target proteins upon environmental cues. It would also enable cross-talk between ubiquitination and phosphorylation signals.
The feral boy: archetypal image of pathos in a dream series
Authors: Kline Jim 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe figure of a half-human, half-feline boy appearing in a dream series of a middle-aged businessman suffering from job burnout is investigated from a Jungian perspective, noting its relevance to Jung’s concept of eros as a relatedness principle as well as an example of the puer aeternus or eternal child archetype. Further investigation into the feral boy figure reveals its compensatory function: a reaction to the dreamer’s regression to a more primitive state of self-identity and forced alienation from his business profession and his private life. Additional references to the feral boy from the Mesoamerican Olmec civilization provide evidence of the figure’s identity as an archetypal image of pathos, arousing sympathetic pity that leads to reconnecting the dreamer with his societal and familial responsibilities.
matter: an R package for rapid prototyping with larger-than-memory datasets on disk
Authors: Bemis Kylie A , Vitek Olga 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Summary
We introduce matter, an R package for direct interactions with larger-than-memory datasets, stored in an arbitrary number of files of any size. matter is primarily designed for datasets in new and rapidly evolving file formats, which may lack extensive software support. matter enables a wide variety of data exploration and manipulation steps and is extensible to many bioinformatics applications. It supports reproducible research by minimizing the need of converting and storing data in multiple formats. We illustrate the performance of matter in conjunction with the Bioconductor package Cardinal for analysis of high-resolution, high-throughput mass spectrometry imaging experiments.

Availability and implementation
The package, vignettes and examples of applications in several areas of bioinformatics are available open-source at www.bioconductor.org under the Artistic-2.0 license.
Routine Vaccines for Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
Authors: Tan Tina Q. , Flaherty John P. , Gerbie Melvin V. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The natural history, signs and symptoms, prevention, and treatment of common vaccine preventable infectious diseases are introduced. Dosing, immunization schedules, contraindications, precautions, and administration of vaccines are discussed for patients of all ages. Frequently asked question sections at the end of each chapter summarize issues that clinicians commonly encounter in their practices. This chapter details each of the diseases and specific vaccines that are recommended throughout life. The clinical presentations, clinical courses, complications, and post-exposure and pre-exposure managements are detailed. Differences in the disease in childhood and adult ages are noted. International variations of the diseases and vaccine requirements of individual countries are noted. The transmissions, incubation periods of the diseases, natural, and vaccine-induced durations of immunity are discussed. FAQs offer helpful answers to many of the questions that this wide variety of conditions present.
HIV Psychiatry—A Paradigm for Integrated Care
Authors: Cohen Mary Ann , Mugavero Michael J. , Hall Elise 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Psychiatric factors play a significant role in the transmission and perpetuation of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. In less than four decades, competent HIV medical care and research transformed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) from a rapidly fatal illness of unknown cause into a chronic manageable illness. These vast strides made in the care of persons with HIV have not been matched in the prevention of HIV transmission or in the psychiatric care of persons with HIV/AIDS. Although AIDS is an entirely preventable infectious illness, HIV transmission continues throughout the world. HIV transmission of HIV is fueled by the stigma of mental illness and of HIV, as well as discrimination, criminalization, and risky behaviors. A comprehensive biopsychosocial approach to sexual health and mental health and diminution of stigma is essential to both HIV prevention and HIV care. This chapter introduces the concept of HIV/AIDS as “the great magnifier of maladies” as it traces the history of HIV psychiatry, explores the paradoxes and disparities of HIV care, explains how HIV psychiatry is a paradigm for the psychiatric care of the medically ill (psychosomatic medicine), and sets the stage for an understanding of how integrated care can prevent transmission of HIV and decrease morbidity and mortality in persons with HIV.
HIV/AIDS in the Fourth Decade
Authors: Mugavero Michael J. , Kilby J. Michael 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This chapter discusses the maturing HIV/AIDS epidemic, now in its fourth decade, with global scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and reductions in the number of new HIV cases in many regions in the world. Advances in biomedical prevention with promising clinical trial findings for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and microbicides provide a scientific foundation for the prevention of new infections in persons who are HIV uninfected and at risk. Landmark trials identifying the benefits of ART treatment as prevention (TasP) of new HIV infections and demonstrating the benefits of early ART initiation at higher CD4 counts have informed global guidelines. The pendulum has swung back to recommending early ART initiation for all persons living with HIV upon learning of a new diagnosis. However, late diagnosis persists as a formidable challenge, and gaps in engagement in medical care among diagnosed persons, as depicted by the treatment cascade, as well as suboptimal adherence to biomedical prevention and ART threaten the effectiveness of these scientific discoveries. The tools and resources are available to hasten the end of HIV/AIDS around the globe with integration of service delivery to address the medical, psychiatric, psychological, and societal impact the virus poses to individuals and communities living with and at risk for HIV/AIDS.
HIV Discrimination, Stigma, and Gender-Based Violence
Authors: Douaihy Antoine , Shenai Neeta , Clinebell Kimberly , Cohen Mary Ann 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Stigma, discrimination, and gender-based violence complicate and perpetuate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pandemic. Although remarkable strides have transformed AIDS from a rapidly fatal infectious illness to a chronic manageable illness, HIV-based stigma, discrimination, and gender-based violence, together known as AIDSism, still exist and have not been transformed in the same way as the illness itself. These barriers continue to have a negative impact on prevention and testing as well as in engagement, retention, and adherence to care. This chapter explores the role that clinicians can play in recognizing and ameliorating HIV stigma, discrimination, and gender-based violence in order to diminish both suffering and HIV transmission and lead to compassionate and competent approaches to care.
How to Establish An Integrated Ambulatory Care Program Co-Located in An HIV Clinic
Authors: Cohen Mary Ann , Bourgeois James , Fisher Weston , Tran David 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The pragmatic aspects of all steps involved in establishing an integrated psychiatry (and other mental health) care model in a HIV outpatient clinic are discussed in detail in this chapter. These include initial outreach inquiry, interdepartmental discussion, business case analysis, logistics in establishing clinical routines and operating relationships, utilization management, information technology, and research and educational opportunities specific to this model of collaborative care. The beneficial aspects of integrated care include increased engagement and retention in HIV care and decreased HIV morbidity and mortality. A biopsychosocial approach provides a model for compassionate and multidimensional care. Readers are encouraged to apply this framework within the parameters of their local institutions when establishing integrated psychiatric care models in HIV clinics.
Sociocultural Factors Influencing The Transmission of HIV/AIDS in The United States
Authors: Fullilove Robert E 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This chapter discusses the unique impact that social disadvantage in general and the criminal justice systems in the United States in particular have on the conditions that drive the HIV/AIDS epidemic in this country. HIV/AIDS is classified as an important racial/ethnic health disparity because residents of marginalized black and Hispanic communities are overrepresented among persons living with HIV/AIDS in the United States. Members of black and Hispanic communities are also overrepresented in the criminal justice; in terms of the epidemic, approximately one out of seven persons living with HIV/AIDS will pass through a U.S. correctional facility in any given year. A history of incarceration is associated with poor treatment outcomes for HIV illness. Improving the quality of HIV care in correctional facilities and in the communities to which incarcerated persons will return is imperative, as is effective interventions in incarcerated populations and communities. Having AIDS activists, scientists, and healthcare workers join in efforts to reform incarceration policies and practices will improve efforts to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, particularly in communities that confront high rates of HIV/AIDS and incarceration.
Training in HIV Psychiatry
Authors: Stoff David M. , Cohen Mary Ann , Forstein Marshall , Dickerman Anna L. , Petersen Daena L. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
HIV education and training can improve HIV treatment and prevention services, improve HIV-related education, and increase the number of clinicians and investigators working with persons at risk for and living with HIV/AIDS. This chapter presents a biopsychosocial, integrated model of HIV/AIDS education for psychiatry trainees, relevant curriculum and content areas of HIV/AIDS education, and related areas, such as teaching treatment approaches and implementation of training curricula. HIV education is enriched through a balanced approach that emphasizes the importance of diversity training as well as research training. National Institutes of Health (NIH) research training and career development opportunities are highlighted, as are diversity issues in HIV psychiatry for the training of a diverse research workforce.
Neurological Complications of HIV in The Peripheral Nervous System
Authors: Keltner John R , Akkari Cherine , Ellis Ronald J 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
HIV sensory neuropathy affects approximately 50% of persons diagnosed with HIV and, in 40%, results in disabling symptoms including paresthesia and/or pain. This chapter focuses on providing guidance to psychiatrists in the clinical management of pain in persons with HIV and sensory neuropathy. The differential diagnostic evaluation of HIV sensory neuropathy, other peripheral neuropathies, and spinal cord mimics and management of HIV sensory neuropathy are reviewed, as well as management of HIV distal neuropathic pain. The differential diagnostic evaluation of peripheral neuropathies is simplified using a graphical decision tree. The chapter also reviews the pathophysiology of HIV sensory neuropathy and warning signs of advanced disease. Procedures to diagnose HIV sensory neuropathy, including nerve conduction studies and electromyography, quantitative sensory testing, skin biopsy, and the autonomic sweat test are discussed, as are clinical aspects of HIV distal neuropathic pain. The chapter addresses the impact of HIV distal neuropathic pain on quality of life and depression and concludes with a discussion of treatments for HIV distal neuropathic pain.
Homelessness and HIV Transmission
Authors: Livingstone Kimberly , Herman Daniel B. , Adler Naomi , Susser Ezra S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Homelessness is associated with both poorer health and higher risk of morbidity and mortality. Recent research suggests that with growing availability of antiretroviral therapy and the expansion of housing alternatives for chronically homeless persons, HIV is no longer a leading cause of death among the homeless. Nonetheless, HIV prevalence is significantly higher among homeless persons than among their housed counterparts. This chapter examines the association between HIV/AIDS and homelessness in the United States. After providing a brief overview of homelessness and the characteristics of specific homeless subpopulations, we discuss HIV prevalence, transmission, treatment and prevention among people who are homeless in the United States.
Routine Testing for HIV Infection and Pre-Exposure and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Abraham Bisrat K. , Flores Inti , Gulick Roy M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Substantial progress has been made in the fight against HIV/AIDS, and newer therapies are enabling individuals to live longer and healthier lives. Furthermore, the concept of treatment as prevention is now well solidified and has increased the urgency to identify and treat all HIV-infected individuals. As such, revised guidelines for HIV testing have shifted from a model of “targeted testing” to a more universal approach whereby all individuals have routine testing for HIV as part of medical care. Despite this approach, the number of incident HIV cases has remained stable in the United States. In addition to behavioral interventions and counseling, preventative strategies such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) are being used to help protect at-risk individuals.
Vaccines for The Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection
Authors: Cox Josephine H. , Shapiro Stuart Z. , Dawson Liza , Geppert Cynthia , Siegel Andrew M. , D’Souza M. Patricia 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
While the HIV/AIDS pandemic continues, the overall incidence of HIV infections has fallen through use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and multiple prevention modalities. To achieve a durable end to the pandemic and avoid the requirement for daily antiretroviral medication over a lifetime, a safe and effective prophylactic vaccine remains essential. This chapter reviews current advances in prophylactic and therapeutic HIV-1 vaccine strategies and the challenges that lie ahead. Recent success in isolation of potent broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from infected individuals, the discovery of mechanisms of bnAb induction, and progress in understanding mechanisms of CD8 T-cell killing of HIV-infected cells and the structure of the HIV envelope trimer have opened new strategies for HIV vaccine design. On the therapeutic front, the persistence of HIV reservoirs remains a formidable obstacle to achieving sustained virological remission in HIV-infected individuals after ART is discontinued. Development of a new generation of immune-based therapeutic agents might contribute to a curative intervention. The chapter closes with an overview of ethical challenges in vaccine development and clinical testing.
Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Kapetanovic Suad , Wiener Lori , Tuchman Lisa , Pao Maryland 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Mental health professionals need to understand how the psychosocial and mental health needs of HIV-infected youth evolve over time and to be able to identify salient clinical challenges that present with each developmental stage. It is also important to understand that HIV/AIDS affects children’s lives indirectly, by the presence of HIV/AIDS in a family member, even if the child is not HIV infected. This chapter uses a developmental perspective to introduce key mental health objectives in the lives of developing HIV-infected children and adolescents and provides an overview of epidemiological, psychosocial, and clinical parameters to be considered in their clinical care and management. The chapter also addresses issues facing perinatally and behaviorally HIV-infected children and adolescents. Separate sections of the chapter discuss biopsychosocial factors salient to children and adolescents who are affected by HIV infection in the family.
Women’s Issues
Authors: Gorman Sara , Currier Judith , Hall Elise , del Amo Julia 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This chapter explores some of the unique challenges that often put women at higher risk of HIV infection and that create a course of illness that may differ from that found in men living with HIV. The first portion of the chapter discusses manifestations of HIV infection and the course of infection in women. It also addresses the particular issues associated with antiretroviral treatment (ART) and women, and the interactions between ART and depression in women. The chapter then goes on to broach an important topic that puts many women at high risk for HIV infection: gender-based violence, as well as some of the key, albeit limited, research on effective interventions for gender-based violence and HIV prevention. The third part of the chapter addresses issues related specifically to HIV and pregnancy, including vertical transmission. Finally, the chapter concludes with a discussion of a relatively neglected topic, HIV and menopause.
Older Age and HIV
Authors: Goodkin Karl , Stoff David M. , Jeste Dilip V. , Marquine Maria J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This chapter addresses the growing problem of aging and HIV infection throughout the world. Emphasis is placed on conceptualization such as the development of phenotypes within the population of older persons with HIV. The phenotypes include (1) disability, (2) frailty/vulnerability, (3) comorbid conditions, (4) cognitive aging, (5) premature or accelerated aging, and (6) successful aging. Older age and illness progression is addressed with respect to frailty or vulnerability to progression and the development of a dysfunctional, disabled status in activities of daily living. The issue of older age and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder is discussed, and the research related to pattern of cognitive impairment, including dementia, is reviewed. The chapter also differentiates characteristics of accelerated aging from characteristics of successful aging. Integration of gerontology with HIV medicine and HIV psychiatry can be accomplished through focusing future study on optimization of functional status and quality of life in aging with HIV.
Cardiovascular Disease, Metabolic Complications and Lipodystrophy in Persons with HIV
Authors: Pereira Luis F. , Goforth Harold W. , Martínez Esteban , Lux Joseph Z. , Ferrara Maria , Mullen Michael P. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy has contributed to a dramatic reduction in HIV-related mortality. As patients live longer, evidence suggests an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in persons with HIV over that among individuals who do not have HIV, thus early detection and treatment of multimorbidities and modifiable cardiovascular disease risk factors particularly in persons with HIV are needed. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the increased risk of cardiovascular disease, including the virus itself, antiretroviral therapy, and traditional risks factors. This chapter discusses detection and treatment of cardiovascular disease in persons with HIV, as well as metabolic complications involved, including dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and lactic acidosis. The pathogenesis and management of HIV-associated lipodystrophy as well as its psychosocial impact are also addressed.