bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Verbal and Nonverbal Memory in Hemispherectomy: Lateralization Effects
Authors: Marion Sarah , Asarnow Robert , Mathern Gary , Wilson Rodney 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHemispherectomy is a routine surgery performed for children with intractable seizures and often in the midst of a life-threatening emergency such as status epilepticus. As the following article will demonstrate, studies of neurocognitive outcome in general, and memory in specific, following hemispherectomy are mixed, although findings tend to indicate stronger lateralization of verbal memory. This is often demonstrated by loss of verbal memory following left hemispherectomy, although there are few studies focusing solely on hemispherectomy and neurocognitive outcome. We examined data from 25 patients who participated in the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery Program (right hemisphere = 7; left hemisphere = 18). The California Verbal Learning Test-Children's Version was used as a verbal memory correlate, and the doors visual recall was used as a correlate of nonverbal memory. Based on a review of the literature, we hypothesized that (1) verbal memory would be significantly different between hemispheres with higher scores in the remaining left hemisphere; (2) nonverbal memory would be significantly different between hemispheres with higher scores in the remaining right hemisphere. Exploratory analyses were also undertaken. Implications for lateralization, medical factors, and plasticity are discussed.
Wirkung und Nebenwirkungen von Ibuprofen
Authors: Jahn Florentine 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungIbuprofen ist ein weit verbreitetes nichtsteroidales Antiphlogistikum (NSAID). Es hemmt durch Blockade des aktiven Zentrums die Cyclooxygenase 1 und 2 (COX-1 und COX-2) reversibel. In höheren Konzentrationen als die zur Hemmung der COX-1 und COX-2 notwendig sind, zeigt es Antitumor-Aktivität. In OTC-Dosierung (over the counter) (<1200 mg/d) ist das Risiko zur Entstehung von gastrointestinalen Blutungen geringer als bei Diclofenac, Naproxen, Piroxicam oder Indomethacin. Mit Erhöhung der Dosis (2400–3200 mg/d) und Verlängerung der Therapiedauer steigt das Risiko für gastrointestinale Nebenwirkungen. Bei höheren Dosierungen und schon eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion kann Ibuprofen zu einem akuten Nierenversagen führen. Eine Kontrolle der Nierenfunktion ist in diesen Fällen angezeigt. Bei Kindern bis zu 12 Jahren, bei Schwangeren und auch älteren Patienten sollte Paracetamol der Vorzug gegeben werden. Patienten mit Hypertonie, welche mit ACE-Hemmern, Angiotensin-II-Rezeptorenblockern oder Thiazid-Diuretika behandelt werden, sollten Ibuprofen nicht über einen längeren Zeitraum einnehmen. Bei gleichzeitiger Einnahme von Ibuprofen und Acetylsalicylsäure wird die irreversible Hemmung von ASS auf die COX-1 vermindert, da Ibuprofen eine höhere Affinität zum aktiven Zentrum der COX-1 besitzt.Eine kurzzeitige Behandlung mit Ibuprofen ist meist unproblematisch. Bei längerfristiger Therapie und höherer Dosierung muss zwischen niedrigem und hohem gastrointestinalem und kardiovaskulärem Risiko differenziert werden.
Warum wenden sich Ärzte der Homöopathie zu?
Authors: Walther Daniel 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Beitrag liefert einen Überblick über die Gründe und persönlichen Motive von Ärzten und Heilpraktikern, die sich für die Homöopathie entschieden haben. Grundlage sind 26 biografische Kurzberichte. Nach einer kurzen Darstellung der Sozialstruktur werden die geschilderten Beweggründe 4 Kategorien zugeteilt. Am häufigsten wandten sich die Autoren wegen ihrer Unzufriedenheit mit der Schulmedizin der Homöopathie zu. Fast ebenso viele wurden selbst oder ihre Kinder mit homöopathischen Arzneimitteln erfolgreich behandelt. Anziehend wirkten darüber hinaus Heilerfolge durch die Homöopathie, deren Zeuge die Autoren geworden sind. Einige gaben letztlich ihr Selbstverständnis als ganzheitlich denkender und behandelnder Arzt als Hauptgrund an.
Hyoscyamus in der Pädiatrie
Authors: Hadulla Michael 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Arbeit zeigt die Behandlung einer Empfindungsstörung bei einer 4-jährigen Patientin mit Hyoscyamus niger. In der anschließenden Diskussion wird auf die Bedeutung gut geprüfter und in der Praxis bewährter Arzneimittel eingegangen, ergänzt durch 2 weitere exemplarische Hyoscyamus-Kasuistiken aus der Pädiatrie.
Die Vereinigung der Gegensätze
Authors: Winter Norbert 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungEin faszinierendes Kapitel der Geistesgeschichte ist der Dialog, der sich zwischen dem Physiker und Nobelpreisträger Wolfgang Pauli und dem Psychologen Carl Gustav Jung entwickelte. Die Annäherung an eine gemeinsame Ebene zwischen der modernen Quantenphysik und der Jungʼschen Psychologie greift die Erkenntnisse der neuen Physik auf und lässt sie in ein konsequent neues Verständnis von wissenschaftlichem Denken übergehen. Das so gewonnene Weltbild spannt den Bogen zwischen rationaler Wissenschaft und intuitivem Erleben, zwischen Natur- und Geisteswissenschaft, Materie und Geist – und ermöglicht den Beginn eines fruchtbaren Dialogs zwischen den unterschiedlichsten erkenntnissuchenden und therapeutischen Strömungen. Und dabei – ohne jegliche Absicht und ohne jegliche physikalische Grenzüberschreitung – weitet sich das Verständnis von Wissenschaft derart, dass die Homöopathie als ganz natürlicher Aspekt einer in aller Tiefe verstandenen Naturbetrachtung gesehen werden kann. Und dies mit all ihren Implikationen, ihren Besonderheiten und mit all den seltsamen Phänomenen, die homöopathische Praktiker mitunter zum Staunen bringen.
Structure-based control of complex networks with nonlinear dynamics
Authors: Zañudo Jorge Gomez Tejeda , Yang Gang , Albert Réka 
Published: June 2017

Significance
Many biological, technological, and social systems can be encoded as networks over which nonlinear dynamical processes such as cell signaling, information transmission, or opinion spreading take place. Despite many advances in network science, we do not know to what extent the network architecture shapes our ability to control these nonlinear systems. Here we extend a recently developed control framework that addresses this question and apply it to real networks of diverse types. Our results highlight the crucial role of a network’s feedback structure in determining robust control strategies, provide a dynamic-detail-independent benchmark for other control methods, and open up a promising research direction in the control of complex networks with nonlinear dynamics.
Nonredox thiolation in tRNA occurring via sulfur activation by a [4Fe-4S] cluster
Authors: Arragain Simon , Bimai Ornella , Legrand Pierre , Caillat Sylvain , Ravanat Jean-Luc , Touati Nadia , Binet Laurent , Atta Mohamed , Fontecave Marc , Golinelli-Pimpaneau Béatrice 
Published: June 2017

Significance
Posttranscriptional modifications of tRNA are essential for translational fidelity. More specifically, mechanisms of selective sulfuration of tRNAs are still largely unknown, and the enzymes responsible for these reactions are incompletely investigated. Therefore, characterizing such systems at the molecular level is greatly valuable to our understanding of a whole class of tRNA modification reactions. We study TtuA, a representative member of a tRNA modification enzyme superfamily, and show that it intriguingly catalyzes a nonredox sulfur insertion within tRNA using a catalytically essential [4Fe-4S] cluster. This report opens perspectives regarding functions of iron-sulfur proteins in biology as well as chemical reactions catalyzed by iron-sulfur clusters.
Zero-field magnetic response functions in Landau levels
Authors: Gao Yang , Niu Qian 
Published: June 2017

Significance
In experiment, Landau levels in solids are used to analyze the band structure, and recently to extract the Berry phase, a key topological aspect of the Bloch band. Our theory offers a fresh understanding of the Landau level quantization by demonstrating its relation with the magnetic response functions such as magnetization and susceptibility. It offers a more appropriate and universal way to determine the Berry phase, as well as the susceptibility from experimental data. Our theory also allows theoretical calculation of Landau levels with higher accuracy for realistic models, which are otherwise hard to obtain.
Seasonal, interannual, and spatial patterns of community composition over the eastern Bering Sea shelf in cold years. Part II: ichthyoplankton and juvenile fish
Authors: Siddon Elizabeth C , Duffy-Anderson Janet T , Mier Kathryn L , Busby Morgan S , Eisner Lisa B 
Published: June 2017

AbstractClimate-mediated oceanographic changes have led to protracted periods of above- or below-average water temperatures over the eastern Bering Sea shelf since the early 2000s. Ecosystem components, from phytoplankton to marine birds, have shown dichotomous responses to these temperature stanzas. Understanding within-stanza responses is fundamental to modelling efforts that project ecosystem responses under future climate scenarios. This study describes fish communities associated with Walleye Pollock during the age-0 period and also examines within-stanza homogeneity of assemblages. Spatial patterns of assemblage structure are compared with pre-defined ecoregions and environmental indices are assessed to determine potential mechanisms that delineate species assemblages. Walleye Pollock, rockfishes, Sand Lance, and Northern Rock Sole contributed to spring assemblages in every year. Assemblages were delineated by across-shelf gradients in 2008 and 2010 while 2009 assemblages showed less spatial structure. In summer, the diversity of fish assemblages increased across years but early-stage juvenile Walleye Pollock represented a small portion of the total abundance in 2009. Environmental gradients were related to fish assemblages, but patterns were along-shelf in 2008 and across-shelf in 2010. In fall, late-stage juvenile Walleye Pollock dominated the catch in 2008, but did not typify any assemblage in 2009. Overall, patterns of assemblage structure were not consistent with pre-defined ecoregions. Assemblage structure in 2009 was unique and indicates that within-stanza variability may complicate modelling projections based on ecosystem-level responses to climate changes.
An uncommon complication of laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy
Authors: Beer Karen A. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Chylous ascites is an uncommon complication of laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy, occurring when milky chyle from the lymphatic system leaks into the peritoneal cavity. This can occur after trauma or be caused by obstruction of the lymphatic system. Treatment may include a fat-free diet, total parenteral nutrition, subcutaneous somatostatin, lymphangiography, and/or surgical closure of the leaking lymph vessel.
Completion lymph node dissection in patients with melanoma and positive sentinel lymph node biopsy
Authors: Link Jacqueline 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Melanoma is a highly aggressive cancer that represents a significant disease burden, making diagnosis and appropriate control of disease vital for improving morbidity and mortality. The most recent guidelines for melanoma treatment advise performing a sentinel lymph node biopsy for intermediate thickness melanomas, with subsequent completion lymph node dissection (CLND) if sentinel nodes are positive. This guideline is controversial due to the limited availability of data on this topic. CLND is an extensive surgery with known risks and complications and a small survival benefit. However, in patients without significant comorbidities and at low risk for surgery, the survival benefit outweighs the procedural risk. This article reviews CLND and the current recommendations.
Rethinking the Match: A Proposal for Modern Matchmaking
Authors: Ray Chris , Bishop Steven E. , Dow Alan W. 
Published: June 2017

Since the 1950s, the National Resident Matching Program, or “the Match,” has governed the placement of medical students into residencies. The Match was created to protect students in an era when residency positions outnumbered applicants and hospitals pressured students early in their academic careers to commit to a residency position. Now, however, applicants outnumber positions, applicants are applying to increasing numbers of programs, and the costs of the Match for applicants and programs are high. Meanwhile, medical education is evolving toward a competency-based approach, a U.S. physician shortage is predicted, and some researchers describe a “July effect”—worse clinical outcomes correlated with the mass entry of new residents.
Against this background, the authors argue for adopting a more modern, free-market approach to residency matchmaking that might better suit the needs of applicants, programs, and the public. They propose allowing students who have been identified by their medical schools as having achieved graduation-level competency to apply to residency programs at any point during the year. Residency programs would set their own application timetables and extend offers in an ongoing fashion. Students, counseled by their schools, would accept or decline offers as desired. The authors argue this approach would better support competency-based education while allowing applicants and programs more choice regarding how they engage and adapt within the selection process. The approach’s staggered start times for new residents might attenuate the July effect and improve outcomes for patients. Medical students might also enter and thereby complete residency earlier, increasing the physician workforce.
Educational Technologies for Physician Continuous Professional Development: A National Survey
Authors: Cook David A. , Blachman Morris J. , Price David W. , West Colin P. , Baasch Thomas Barbara L. , Berger Richard A. , Wittich Christopher M. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose
To determine the past experiences with, current use of, and anticipated use of online learning and simulation-based education among practicing U.S. physicians, and how findings vary by age.

Method
The authors surveyed 4,648 randomly sampled board-certified U.S. physicians, September 2015 to April 2016, using Internet-based and paper questionnaires. Survey items (some optional) addressed past and current technology usage, perceived technology effectiveness, and anticipated future use of specific technology innovations.

Results
Of 988 respondents, 444 completed optional items. Of these, 429/442 (97.1%) had used online learning and 372/442 (84.2%) had used simulation-based education in the past five years. Desire for more online learning was modest (mean [standard deviation], 4.6 [1.5]; 1 = strongly disagree, 7 = strongly agree), as was desire for more simulation-based education (4.2 [1.7]). Both online learning and simulation-based education were perceived as effective (5.2 [1.4]; 5.0 [1.4]). Physicians believed they possess adequate skills for online learning (5.8 [1.2]) and that point-of-care learning is vital to effective patient care (5.3 [1.3]). Only 39.0% used objective performance data to guide their learning choices, although 64.6% agreed that such information would be useful. The highest-rated innovations included a central repository for listing educational opportunities and tracking continuing education credits, an app to award credit for answering patient-focused questions, 5-minute and 20-minute clinical updates, and an e-mailed “question of the week.” Responses to most survey items were similar across age groups.

Conclusions
Practicing physicians generally seem receptive and prepared to use a variety of educational technologies, regardless of age.
Association Between Parenting Style and Social Outcomes in Children with and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: An 18-Month Longitudinal Study
Authors: Bhide Sampada , Sciberras Emma , Anderson Vicki , Hazell Philip , Nicholson Jan M. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
In a community-based sample of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n = 179) and non-ADHD controls (n = 212), this longitudinal study explored changes in parenting style over time; and whether parenting style prospectively predicts child functional outcomes.

Methods:
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnosis was assessed using the Conners ADHD index and Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children IV. Children (70.3% boys) were assessed at baseline (mean age: 7.3 yr) and after 18 months (mean age: 8.9 yr) using a range of parent- and teacher-reported measures of child socioemotional and academic functioning. Parenting style was assessed through parent-reported measures of warmth, consistency, and anger.

Results:
At 18-month follow-up, there was a small significant decline in parenting warmth and parenting anger, and an increase in parenting consistency across groups. In the ADHD group, parenting warmth at baseline was positively related to 18-month prosocial behavior and responsibility by parent report, whereas parenting consistency predicted these child outcomes by teacher report. Parenting anger was positively associated with peer problems and negatively associated with prosocial behavior, self-control, and responsibility by parent report. Associations were similar for non-ADHD controls and all associations held after adjusting for a range of family, child, and parent factors. After additional adjustment of baseline levels of child functioning, parenting warmth and consistency continued to be associated with 18-month child outcomes. Parenting style was unrelated to emotional problems and academic competence over time.

Conclusion:
Parenting style is independently related to aspects of future social outcomes of children with ADHD. Results hold implications for parenting interventions aimed at managing ADHD-related social impairments over time.
The Influence of Comorbidities, Risk Factors, and Medications on Sexual Activity in Individuals Aged 40 to 59 Years With and Without Cardiac Conditions
Authors: Steinke Elaine E. , Mosack Victoria , Hill Twyla J. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Sexual activity is increasingly recognized as an important aspect of quality of life for many individuals with cardiovascular disease, although less is known about the factors contributing to sexual functioning in younger adults.

Objective:
This study examined factors influencing sexual activity in individuals aged 40 to 59 years, comparing those reporting a cardiac condition with those without a cardiac condition, in a national population–based sample.

Methods:
The data were derived from the 2011 to 2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a publicly available data set with a noninstitutionalized nationally representative sample. The sample included individuals between the ages of 40 and 59 years (N = 1741) who completed relevant items related to cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, cardiac symptoms, sexual activity, and medication use. Recommended weighting was applied, and the data were analyzed using χ
2 and logistic regression.

Results:
Overall, 94% of the sample reported sexual activity, although those with coronary artery disease, angina, and myocardial infarction engaged in significantly less sexual activity. Individuals who smoked; had a weight problem, depression, or lung problems; or experienced symptoms of shortness of breath or chest pain with exertion reported less sexual activity. Medications negatively affecting sexual function were central α agonists, potassium sparing diuretics, and antilipidemic agents. Predictors of less sexual activity were smoking, chest pain walking uphill, and weight problems. Unexpectedly more reported, sexual activity was predicted by one or more cardiac conditions.

Conclusion:
In men and women ages 40 to 59 years, certain cardiac conditions, risk factors, comorbidities, symptoms, and medications negatively affected sexual activity, illustrating the need for sexual assessment and counseling to support sexual quality of life.
Health Status and Anthropometric Changes in Resettled Refugee Children
Authors: Sandell Angela M.D. , Baker Robert D. , Maccarone Jennifer , Baker Susan S. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBackground:Recently the United States has experienced an increase in refugees. Pediatric refugees are at risk for health and nutrition problems. Literature on longitudinal change in nutritional status of resettled pediatric refugees is scant.Objective:The present study reports the health and nutritional status of pediatric refugees and tracks changes in nutritional status.Methods:Data were extracted retrospectively from the records of a community health center in Buffalo, NY. Two cohorts of refugees (0–18 years) were selected. Cohort A was followed during 5 years and consisted of 225 subjects whose initial visit occurred between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2009. The 199 subjects in cohort B had an initial visit between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2013 and were followed for 1 year. Cohort B was chosen because vitamin levels were available only for this group. Descriptive and anthropometric data, infectious disease status, and initial vitamin and hemoglobin levels were recorded. Height‐for‐age (HFA) z scores and body mass index (BMI) z scores were computed. Longitudinal changes were analyzed.Results:The cohorts A and B differed in country of origin and infectious disease burden. On arrival, both cohorts exhibited HFA z scores reflecting short stature. BMI z scores were normal. HFA and BMI z scores increased during 5 years and 1 year for cohorts A and B, respectively. Anemia, vitamin D deficiency, and lead toxicity were identified.Conclusions:Resettled pediatric refugees were short. Some were stunted. Catch‐up growth, however, occurred. There were increases in HFA and BMI z scores. Vitamin D deficiency, anemia, and lead toxicity were documented.
An Appraisal of the Cephalic Index in Sagittal Craniosynostosis, and the Unseen Third Dimension
Authors: Fearon Jeffrey A. , Ditthakasem Kanlaya , Herbert Morley , Kolar John 
Published: June 2017

Background:
The cephalic index is often used to evaluate sagittal craniosynostosis corrections; however, validation of this measure remains untested.

Methods:
A three-part study was designed to (1) determine the normal distribution of cephalic indices in untreated sagittal craniosynostosis; (2) examine index values in treated children, subsequently determined to require secondary surgery; and (3) explore the correlation between a photography-based assessment of scaphocephaly severity and the cephalic index.

Results:
Of 392 preoperatively measured patients (mean cephalic index, 70.7; 95 percent CI, 57.4 to 89.5), 343 (87.5 percent) had Z scores falling within 2 SD of the mean; only 49 (12.5 percent) fell more than 2 SD below the mean, whereas 13 percent exceeded the mean. For 10 patients requiring secondary surgery (mean cephalic index, 74.8; 95 percent CI, 68.1 to 83.4), the mean Z score was −0.5 (range, −2.5 to 1.6). The polled results of 10 observers revealed no significant correlation between subjectively ranked severity scores and cephalic indices.

Conclusions:
Although the average preoperative cephalic index in children with sagittal craniosynostosis was below normal, the majority of measurements fell within a statistically normal distribution. Furthermore, many children requiring secondary corrections were found to have relatively normal indices, suggesting that normal values are not necessarily predictive of satisfactory outcomes. We also found no correlation between this index and a subjective assessment of severity. These findings suggest that the cephalic index is not a reliable outcome measure, perhaps because of the inability for this ratio to capture the amount of correction of the reduced posterior skull height associated with sagittal craniosynostosis.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Diagnostic, IV.