bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Multicenter Trial of a Shared Decision Support Intervention for Patients and Their Caregivers Offered Destination Therapy for Advanced Heart Failure: DECIDE-LVAD
Authors: McIlvennan Colleen K. , Thompson Jocelyn S. , Matlock Daniel D. , Cleveland Joseph C. , Dunlay Shannon M. , LaRue Shane J. , Lewis Eldrin F. , Patel Chetan B. , Walsh Mary Norine , Allen Larry A. 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Shared decision making is important to ensure that patients receive therapies aligned with their goals and values. Based upon a detailed needs assessment with diverse stakeholders, pamphlet and video decision aids for destination therapy left ventricular assist devices (DT LVAD) were developed to help patients and their caregivers think through, forecast, and deliberate their options. These decision aids are the foundation of the Multicenter Trial of a Shared Decision Support Intervention for Patients and their Caregivers Offered Destination Therapy for End-Stage Heart Failure (DECIDE-LVAD) study, a multicenter, randomized trial aimed at understanding the effectiveness and implementation of a shared decision support intervention for patients considering DT LVAD.

Methods/Design:
A stepped-wedge randomized controlled trial was designed, guided by the RE-AIM framework and modeled after an effectiveness-implementation hybrid type II design. Six DT LVAD programs from across the United States will participate. Primary outcomes include knowledge and values-treatment concordance. Patients with advanced heart failure who are being considered for DT LVAD and their caregivers are eligible with a target enrollment of 168 dyads. From August 2014 to January 2015, an acceptability and feasibility pilot study was performed, which clarified opportunities and challenges around decision support for DT LVAD and resulted in significant modifications to the DECIDE-LVAD study.

Discussion:
Study findings will provide a foundation for implementing decision support interventions, including decision aids, with patients who have chronic progressive illness facing end-of-life decisions involving invasive, preference-sensitive therapy options.
CD13 Autoantibodies Are Elevated in Sera From Mothers of Infants With Neonatal Cholestasis of Different Causes
Authors: Xu Xinling , Rahbar Afsar , Omarsdottir Soley , Teng Jonas , Németh Antal , Fischler Björn , Söderberg‐Nauclér Cecilia 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection induces production of CD13‐specific autoantibodies, which may promote inflammation and tissue damage. HCMV infection has been suggested as a cause of biliary atresia (BA), but little is known of its role in other forms of neonatal cholestasis. We studied serum levels of CD13‐specific autoantibodies in mothers of infants with neonatal cholestasis of different causes, including BA, and in mothers of healthy, term infants without cholestasis, as well as in healthy blood donors.Methods:Using fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, we measured CD13‐specific autoantibody levels in serum from the above‐mentioned groups. In addition, the effect of serum from mothers of infants with neonatal cholestasis was tested on the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages.Results:CD13‐specific autoantibodies were found in mothers of infants with neonatal cholestasis, but not in mothers of infants without cholestasis and healthy blood donors, and were associated with HCMV seropositivity. Sera from mothers of infants with all forms of neonatal cholestasis inhibited differentiation of monocytes into macrophages, but this was not dependent on CD13‐specific autoantibodies.Conclusions:The significantly higher frequency of CD13‐specific autoantibodies in mothers of infants with neonatal cholestasis of all forms compared with mothers of healthy infants without cholestasis suggests an association, but does not prove that they are pathogenic. The presence of CD13‐specific autoantibodies does not correlate with HCMV IgG serostatus, suggesting a more complicated mechanism that possibly reflects active HCMV infection in these individuals. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether these autoantibodies contribute to the development of cholestasis or represent an epiphenomenon.
Multiple paths to customer delight: the impact of effort, expertise and tangibles on joy and surprise
Authors: Barnes Donald C. , Collier Joel E. , Howe Vince , Douglas Hoffman K. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
Historically, firms have dedicated an abundance of resources in the pursuit of customer satisfaction and its corresponding favorable consequences. However, research indicates that customer satisfaction may not necessarily result in the outcomes pursued. This paper aims to focus on the concept of customer delight and explore antecedents and consequences of interest to the service firm. More specifically, the proposed model explores the linkages of employee effort, employee expertise and the firm’s tangibles to customer surprise and joy which in turn lead to customer delight and per cent of budget spent.

Design/methodology/approach
Data were collected from a grocery store. The hypothesized relationships were tested using structural equation modeling.

Findings
Results from this study yield new insights into the dual pathways leading to customer delight through joy and surprise. That is, joy and tangibles lead to both joy and surprise, whereas expertise leads to joy alone. Both joy and surprise are completely mediated through delight to per cent of budget spent. Interestingly, higher frequency customers experience a stronger relationship from joy to delight.

Research limitations/implications
The findings have implications for the ongoing debate on the viability of customer delight and extending the theoretical understanding of why customer delight represents such a powerful force in the service environment.

Practical implications
By providing specific variables that impact both joy and surprise, management can develop tactics to develop delight initiatives.

Originality/value
This is the first study proposing multiple paths to customer delight. Further, this is the first study to link needs based and disconfirmation into a single model.
Breaking the Constitutional Silence: the Public Services Industry and Government
Authors: Johal Sukhdev , Moran Michael , Williams Karel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAnalysis of constitutional arrangements has been too narrow in the past, confined to examination of explicitly governmental arrangements. But corporate enterprises perform such important public functions, especially in the age of outsourcing, that they need to be incorporated into the constitution. The article develops this argument and proposes a framework for such incorporation.
Mr Cameron's New Language Initiative for Muslim Women: Lessons in Policy Implementation
Authors: Wigfield Andrea , Turner Royce 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAs the government announces a programme to teach Muslim women to speak English, this article examines how such a policy can be implemented successfully, arguing that lessons can be drawn from both academic research, especially that carried out with Muslim women themselves, and previous successful policy application. It focuses on two projects carried out in the recent past for the Learning and Skills Council (LSC) and Jobcentre Plus, and outlines the key factors that led to their success. The LSC project involved one of the largest in‐depth surveys of Muslim women's attitudes towards work, and their views on life in Britain, that has ever been undertaken. The Jobcentre Plus project was a highly successful and innovative employment training initiative for ethnic minority women piloted in Sheffield, the very kind of ‘targeted’ approach that Mr Cameron has claimed his government's new language initiative will be.
Detached, Hostile, Adaptable and Liberalising: The Chameleon Qualities of the UK's Relationship with EU Social Policy
Authors: Carmel Emma , Papadopoulos Theodoros 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this article, we review the EU's significance for social policies in the UK. The EU has a limited legal role or institutional capacity to directly regulate the social policies of its member states. This role is even more limited in the case of non‐eurozone countries. There are a handful of EU policy measures which have had effects on social policy in the UK. However, these effects have not changed the institutional arrangements for making, organising and delivering social policy, which remain firmly in the hands of UK governments. In consequence, a ‘Leave’ or ‘Remain’ result has relatively limited implications for social policy, except in the case of specific social groups: notably for UK and other EU nationals who have lived and worked in at least one other EU country. Other EU legislation and regulation is compatible with the current and historical policy preferences of UK governments and political parties.
Effective techniques for changing physical activity and healthy eating intentions and behaviour: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: McDermott Máirtín S. , Oliver Madalyn , Iverson Don , Sharma Rajeev 
Published: May 2016

PurposeThe primary aim of this study was to review the evidence on the impact of a change in intention on behaviour and to identify (1) behaviour change techniques (BCTs) associated with changes in intention and (2) whether the sameBCTs are also associated with changes in behaviour.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify interventions that produced a significant change in intention and assessed the impact of this change on behaviour at a subsequent time point. Each intervention was coded using a taxonomy ofBCTs targeting healthy eating and physical activity. A series of meta‐regression analyses were conducted to identify effectiveBCTs.ResultsIn total, 25 reports were included. Interventions had a medium‐to‐large effect on intentions (d+ = 0.64) and a small‐to‐medium effect (d+ = 0.41) on behaviour. OneBCT, ‘provide information on the consequences of behaviour in general’, was significantly associated with a positive change in intention. OneBCT, ‘relapse prevention/coping planning’, was associated with a negative change in intention. NoBCTs were found to have significant positive effects on behaviour. However, oneBCT, ‘provide feedback on performance’, was found to have a significant negative effect.BCTs aligned with social cognitive theory were found to have significantly greater positive effects on intention (d+ = 0.83 vs. 0.56,p < .05), but not behaviour (d+ = 0.35 vs. 0.23,ns), than those aligned with the theory of planned behaviour.ConclusionsAlthough the included studies support the notion that a change in intention is associated with a change in behaviour, this review failed to produce evidence on how to facilitate behaviour change through a change in intention. Larger meta‐analyses incorporating interventions targeting a broader range of behaviours may be warranted.Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?Prior research on the causal relationship between intention and behaviour has produced mixed findings.Further experimental research to determine the precise nature of these variables is clearly warranted.However, precise guidance onhowto change intention is still lacking.What does this study add?This study aimed to identify behaviour change techniques associated with changes in intention and behaviour.Techniques with positive effects on intention were identified; however, these did not have an impact on behaviour.Larger meta‐analyses incorporating interventions targeting a broader range of behaviours may be warranted.
The origin of novel features by changes in developmental mechanisms: ontogeny and three‐dimensional microanatomy of polyodontode scales of two early osteichthyans
Authors: Qu Qingming , Sanchez Sophie , Zhu Min , Blom Henning , Ahlberg Per Erik 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTRecent advances in synchrotron imaging allow us to study the three‐dimensional (3D) histology of vertebrate fossils, including microfossils (e.g. teeth and scales) of early jawed vertebrates. These microfossils can often be scanned at submicron resolution (<1 µm) because of their small size. The resulting voxel (3D pixel) stacks can be processed into virtual thin sections revealing almost every internal detail of the samples, comparable to traditional thin sections. In addition, 3D models of the internal microanatomical structures, such as embedded odontodes and vasculature, can be assembled and examinedin situ. Scales of two early osteichthyans,Psarolepis romerifrom the Early Devonian of China andAndreolepis hedeifrom the Late Silurian of Sweden, were scanned using propagation phase‐contrast synchrotron X‐ray microtomography (PPC‐SRµCT), and 3D models of internal canal systems and buried odontodes were created from the scans. Based on these new data, we review the evolutionary origin of cosmine and its associated pore‐canal system, which has been long recognized as a synapomorphy of sarcopterygians. The first odontode that appeared during growth shows almost identical morphology in the two scales, but the second odontode of thePsarolepisscale shows a distinctive morphology with several pores on the surface. It is suggested that a shift from ridge‐like odontode to pore‐bearing odontode was the key step in the origin of cosmine, which was then elaborated further in more‐derived sarcopterygians. We perform a detailed comparison between the two scales and propose a primary homology framework to generate microanatomical characters, which can be used in the phylogenetic analysis of early osteichthyans when more 3D data become available. Our results highlight the importance of 3D data for the study of histology and ontogeny of the dermal skeleton of early jawed vertebrates, especially scales of the polyodontode type. The traditional microvertebrate collection is not only useful for biostratigraphic studies, but also preserves invaluable biological information about the growth of vertebrate hard tissues. Today, we are only beginning to understand the biological meaning of the new 3D data. The increasing availability of such data will enable, and indeed require, a complete revision of traditional palaeohistological studies on early vertebrates.
Innovative strategies to improve diabetes outcomes in disadvantaged populations
Authors: Ruddock J. S. , Poindexter M. , Gary‐Webb T. L. , Walker E. A. , Davis N. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDiabetes disproportionately affects disadvantaged populations. Eighty percent of deaths directly caused by diabetes occurred in low‐ and middle‐income countries. In high‐income countries, there are marked disparities in diabetes control among racial/ethnic minorities and those with low socio‐economic status. Innovative, effective and cost‐effective strategies are needed to improve diabetes outcomes in these populations. Technological advances, peer educators and community health workers have expanded methodologies to reach, educate and monitor individuals with diabetes. In the present manuscript we review the outcomes of these strategies, and describe the barriers to and facilitators of these approaches for improving diabetes outcomes.
A randomized controlled trial of self‐regulated modified constraint‐induced movement therapy in sub‐acute stroke patients
Authors: Liu K. P. Y. , Balderi K. , Leung T. L. F. , Yue A. S. Y. , Lam N. C. W. , Cheung J. T. Y. , Fong S. S. M. , Sum C. M. W. , Bissett M. , Rye R. , Mok V. C. T. 
Published: May 2016

Background and purposeEmerging research suggests the use of self‐regulation (SR) for improving functional regain in patients post stroke. SR is proposed to produce an added effect to effective modified constraint‐induced movement therapy (mCIMT). This study aimed to examine the effect of a self‐regulated mCIMT programme (SR‐mCIMT) for functional regain in patients with sub‐acute stroke.MethodsEighty‐six patients completed the trial: SR‐mCIMT, n = 29; mCIMT, n = 31; or conventional functional rehabilitation, n = 26. All interventions were 2‐week therapist‐guided training. Outcome measurements, taken by a blinded assessor, examined arm function [Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), Fugl‐Meyer Assessment (FMA)], daily task performance [Lawton Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (Lawton IADL)] and self‐perceived arm use in functional tasks [Motor Activity Log (MAL)].ResultsSignificant differences were found with the SR‐mCIMT outperforming the other groups after the intervention (ARAT, P = 0.006; FMA, Lawton IADL and MAL, all Ps < 0.001). In terms of the carry‐over effect, the SR‐mCIMT group outperformed in the hand and coordination subscales of ARAT and FMA (P = 0.012–0.013) and the self‐perceived quality of arm use (P = 0.002).ConclusionA combination of SR and mCIMT could produce an added effect in functional regain in patients post stroke.
Isolating RNA from precursor and mature melanocytes from human vitiligo and normal skin using laser capture microdissection
Authors: Goldstein Nathaniel B. , Koster Maranke I. , Hoaglin Laura G. , Wright Michael J. , Robinson Steven E. , Robinson William A. , Roop Dennis R. , Norris David A. , Birlea Stanca A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTo characterize the gene expression profile of regenerated melanocytes in the narrow band UVB (NBUVB)‐treated vitiligo epidermis and their precursors in the hair follicle, we present here a strategy of RNA isolation from in situ melanocytes using human frozen skin. We developed a rapid immunostaining protocol using the NKI‐beteb antibody, which labels differentiated and precursor melanocytes, followed by fluorescent laser capture microdissection. This technique enabled the direct isolation, from melanocyte and adjacent keratinocyte populations, of satisfactory quality RNA that was successfully amplified and analysed by qRT‐PCR. The melanocyte‐specific gene transcripts TYR, DCT, TYRP1 and PMEL were significantly upregulated in our NBUVB‐treated melanocyte samples as compared with the keratinocyte samples, while keratinocyte‐specific genes (KRT5 and KRT14) were expressed significantly higher in the keratinocyte samples as compared with the melanocyte samples. Furthermore, in both NBUVB‐treated vitiligo skin and normal skin, when bulge melanocytes were compared with epidermal melanocytes, we found significantly lower expression of melanocyte‐specific genes and significantly higher expression of three melanocytic stem cell genes (SOX9, WIF1 and SFRP1), while ALCAM and ALDH1A1 transcripts did not show significant variation. We found significantly higher expression of melanocyte‐specific genes in the epidermis of NBUVB‐treated vitiligo, as compared to the normal skin. When comparing bulge melanocyte samples from untreated vitiligo, NBUVB‐treated vitiligo and normal skin, we did not find significant differences in the expression of melanocyte‐specific genes or melanocytic stem cell genes. These techniques offer valuable opportunities to study melanocytes and their precursors in vitiligo and other pigmentation disorders.
Some Agronomic Strategies for Organic Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Authors: Jacobsen S.‐E. , Christiansen J. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractQuinoa is a potential new seed crop for protein feed and human consumption in Europe, with tolerance to a range of abiotic stresses. For this purpose the study was planned to analyse the effect of important agronomic strategies like nitrogen level, N application strategy, row spacing and harvest time on yield and quality of quinoa. The experiments took place in the field of the experimental station of the Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen. Three levels of organic nitrogen from slurry was used (60, 120 and 180 kg N ha−1), supplied either all at once at sowing, or split between sowing and beginning of the reproductive phase. The effect of row spacing and harvest time was studied by harvesting seeds at seed maturity, which occurred 2–3 weeks prior to the mechanical harvest by threshing, and a couple of months after. Yield increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) with an application up to 180 kg N ha−1, reaching 2200 kg ha−1. Increasing N also caused a significantly increased seed weight (up to 3.3 mg) and protein content (up to 17 %). N level did not affect number and amount of weeds. Split application with part of the N applied at bud formation did not have a significant effect on yield. Delayed harvest had a negative influence on seed weight, whereas protein content was stable after harvesting even a month after seed maturity. A late harvest significantly reduced seed germination, being reduced by 50 % after a 2‐month delay. A conclusion from this study is that both yield and protein content of seed can be manipulated by N level and application strategy. Harvest time is important for securing a high seed quality measured as seed germination, seed weight and protein content. A fast germination of quinoa is an important characteristic demonstrating that the crop has good possibilities for being well‐established in the field when free from weeds at the time of sowing. The choice of row spacing is important and depends on weed control method. Weed control strategy should be developed based on modern precision tools.
Commentary: Cognitive and emotional empathy in transdiagnostic research – reflections on Klapwijk et al. (2016)
Authors: Herrington John D. 
Published: May 2016

Evidence across multiple disorders indicates that empathy is a transdiagnostic dimension of psychopathology. Klapwijk et al.'s (2016) functional MRI study examines whether autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and conduct disorder (CD) can be distinguished by the constructs of ‘cognitive’ and ‘emotional’ empathy – with the former focusing on accurate emotion perception and the latter on shared affective experience. This commentary examines the implications of the cognitive/emotional empathy distinction, and how it fits with existing accounts of perceptual differences in ASD. Cognitive empathy overlaps substantially with the constructs of emotion perception and Theory of Mind – both well studied among individuals with ASD, but generally viewed as fairly distinct from empathy. CD, on the other hand, is typically not associated with frank perceptual deficits. Although the brain imaging data from this study do not provide strong support for the constructs of cognitive and emotional empathy, the general approach used in this study is precisely the kind needed to test the validity and utility of transdiagnostic mechanisms of psychopathology.
Exploring factors affecting registered nurses' pursuit of postgraduate education in Australia
Authors: Ng Linda , Eley Robert , Tuckett Anthony 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the factors influencing registered nurses' pursuit of postgraduate education in specialty nursing practice in Australia. Despite the increased requirement for postgraduate education for advanced practice, little has been reported on the contributory factors involved in the decision to undertake further education. The Nurses' Attitudes Towards Postgraduate Education instrument was administered to 1632 registered nurses from the Nurses and Midwives e‐Cohort Study across Australia, with a response rate of 35.9% (n = 568). Data reduction techniques using principal component analysis with varimax rotation were used. The analysis identified a three‐factor solution for 14 items, accounting for 52.5% of the variance of the scale: “facilitators,” “professional recognition,” and “inhibiting factors.” Facilitators of postgraduate education accounted for 28.5% of the variance, including: (i) improves knowledge; (ii) increases nurses' confidence in clinical decision‐making; (iii) enhances nurses' careers; (iv) improves critical thinking; (v) improves nurses' clinical skill; and (vi) increased job satisfaction. This new instrument has potential clinical and research applications to support registered nurses' pursuit of postgraduate education.