bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The accuracy of spread decomposition models in capturing informed trades
Authors: Gregoriou Andros , Rhodes Mark 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the empirical relationship between trades undertaken by informed agents (managers) and the proxies for informed trades computed by bid-ask spread decomposition models.

Design/methodology/approach
An econometric application of spread decomposition models to data from the London Stock Exchange, with an examination of whether the model predictions are co-integrated with actual outcomes.

Findings
The authors find overwhelming evidence of non-stationary behaviour between the actual and predicted informed trade prices. The findings suggest that there is a clear need for an alternative to extant spread decomposition models perhaps incorporating findings from behavioural finance.

Originality/value
Given the importance of stock market liquidity and the extensive use of spread decomposition models in predicting informed trades, the authors believe that the research conducted in the paper is an important contribution to the market microstructure literature.
Critical role of environmental factors in the pathogenesis of psoriasis
Authors: Zeng Jinrong , Luo Shuaihantian , Huang Yumeng , Lu Qianjin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPsoriasis is a common cutaneous disease with multifactorial etiology including genetic and non‐genetic factors, such as drugs, smoking, drinking, diet, infection and mental stress. Now, the role of the interaction between environmental factors and genetics are considered to be a main factor in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, it is a challenge to explore the mechanisms how the environmental factors break the body balance to affect the onset and development of psoriasis. In this article, we review the pathogenesis of psoriasis and summarize numerous clinical data to reveal the association between environmental factors and psoriasis. In addition, we focus on the mechanisms of environmental risk factors impact on psoriasis and provide a series of potential treatments against environmental risk factors.
Flourodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan may be helpful in the case of ductal variant prostate cancer when prostate specific membrane antigen ligand positron emission tomography scan is negative
Authors: McEwan Louise M , Wong David , Yaxley John 
Published: March 2017

SummaryGallium‐68 prostate specific membrane antigen ligand (Ga‐68 PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scanning is emerging as a useful imaging modality for the staging of suspected and known recurrent or metastatic prostate cancer and in staging of newly diagnosed higher grade prostate cancer. However, we have observed at our institution that in some cases of the more aggressive ductal variant, Ga‐68 PSMA uptake has sometimes been poor compared with prominent 18‐flourodeoxyglucose (F‐18 FDG) avidity seen in F‐18 FDG PET/CT, which would suggest that FDG PET/CT scans are important in staging of ductal pattern prostate cancer.
Population‐based study showed that necrotising enterocolitis occurred in space–time clusters with a decreasing secular trend in Sweden
Authors: Magnusson Amanda , Ahle Margareta , Swolin‐Eide Diana , Elfvin Anders , Andersson Roland E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThis study investigated space–time clustering of neonatal necrotising enterocolitis over three decades.MethodsSpace–time clustering analyses objects that are grouped by a specific place and time. The Knox test and Kulldorff's scan statistic were used to analyse space–time clusters in 808 children diagnosed with necrotising enterocolitis in a national cohort of 2 389 681 children born between 1987 and 2009 in Sweden. The municipality the mother lived in and the delivery hospital defined closeness in space and the time between when the cases were born – seven, 14 and 21 days – defined closeness in time.ResultsThe Knox test showed no indication of space–time clustering at the residential level, but clear indications at the hospital level in all the time windows: seven days (p = 0.026), 14 days (p = 0.010) and 21 days (p = 0.004). Significant clustering at the hospital level was found during 1987–1997, but not during 1998–2009. Kulldorff's scan statistic found seven significant clusters at the hospital level.ConclusionSpace–time clustering was found at the hospital but not residential level, suggesting a contagious environmental effect after delivery, but not in the prenatal period. The decrease in clustering over time may reflect improved routines to minimise the risk of contagion between patients receiving neonatal care.
Minimally invasive surgery for esophageal cancer after esophageal perforation
Authors: Murakawa Katsuhiko , Ono Koichi , Yamamura Yoshiyuki , Niwa Hiroki , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Muto Jun , Kato Kohei , Ichinokawa Masaomi , Yoshioka Tatsuya , Ohtake Setsuyuki 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBoth esophageal rupture and esophageal cancer are life‐threatening diseases. We report a case of esophageal cancer that occurred after esophageal rupture was treated with thoracoscopic and laparoscopic surgery. A 76‐year‐old man presented with vomiting followed by epigastric pain and was diagnosed with spontaneous esophageal rupture. Laparoscopic and thoracoscopic surgery were performed. Primary closure was completed with a fundic patch, and thoracic lavage was performed. Ten months later, his condition was diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma of the abdominal esophagus. He underwent thoracoscopic esophageal resection in the prone position, and a gastric conduit was created laparoscopically. The pathological finding was superficial esophageal carcinoma without lymph node metastasis. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and there was no recurrence at 21 months of follow‐up.
The risk of healing complications in primary teeth with concussion or subluxation injury—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lauridsen Eva , Blanche Paul , Amaloo Catharina , Andreasen Jens O. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground/AimTraumatic dental injuries in the primary dentition occur frequently. Long‐term complications may potentially cause damage to the permanent successor. The aim of this study was to report the risk of pulp necrosis (PN), pulp canal obliteration (PCO), repair‐related resorption (RRR), infection‐related resorption (IRR), ankylosis‐related resorption (ARR), and premature tooth loss (PTL) in primary teeth following concussion and subluxation injuries, and to identify possible risk factors for PN, PCO, and PTL following subluxation.Material and methodsThe study was a retrospective analysis of a cohort comprising 31 patients (36 teeth) with concussion injury and 174 patients (241 teeth) with subluxation injury. No treatment was performed. The follow‐up program included examination after 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and when the patients were 6 years of age. Minimum follow up was 1 year or until the time of tooth loss. Statistics: Kaplan‐Meier and Aalen‐Johansen methods and Cox regression analysis. Level of significance was set at 5%.ResultsRisk estimated after one year. Concussion: PCO 8.6% (95% CI: 0‐17.9), PN 5.7% (95% CI: 0‐13.4), PTL 5.6% (95% CI: 0‐13.4). Subluxation: PCO 23.2% (95% CI: 17.8‐28.6), PN 8.3% (95% CI: 4.8‐11.8), IRR 2.6% (95% CI: 0.5‐4.6), PTL 9.5% (95% CI: 5.0‐14.1). Most complications (95%) were diagnosed within the first year. Most cases of PN (65%) and PTL (85%) were seen in patients aged 4 years or more.ConclusionPrimary teeth with concussion or subluxation injury carry a low risk of PN and infection with periapical inflammation, root resorption, and PTL. Nearly all complications were diagnosed within the first year after the injury. The risk of PTL was highest in patients more than 4 years of age at the time of injury.
Is territorial expansion a mechanism for crossmodal plasticity?
Authors: Meredith M. A. , Clemo H. R. , Lomber S. G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCrossmodal plasticity is the phenomenon whereby, following sensory damage or deprivation, the lost sensory function of a brain region is replaced by one of the remaining senses. One of several proposed mechanisms for this phenomenon involves the expansion of a more active brain region at the expense of another whose sensory inputs have been damaged or lost. This territorial expansion hypothesis was examined in the present study. The cat ectosylvian visual area (AEV) borders the auditory field of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (FAES), which becomes visually reorganized in the early deaf. If this crossmodal effect in the FAES is due to the expansion of the adjoining AEV into the territory of the FAES after hearing loss, then the reorganized FAES should exhibit connectional features characteristic of the AEV. However, tracer injections revealed significantly different patterns of cortical connectivity between the AEV and the early deaf FAES, and substantial cytoarchitectonic and behavioral distinctions occur as well. Therefore, the crossmodal reorganization of the FAES cannot be mechanistically attributed to the expansion of the adjoining cortical territory of the AEV and an overwhelming number of recent studies now support unmasking of existing connections as the operative mechanism underlying crossmodal plasticity.
Rapid estimation of cation exchange capacity from soil water content
Authors: Arthur E. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryEstimates of cation exchange capacity (CEC) for soil or earth materials are vital for several applications in agriculture and geotechnical engineering. The time‐consuming and laborious nature of standard methods of CEC determination prompted the development of regression‐based techniques and more sophisticated methodologies, such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), to estimate CEC from other soil properties (e.g. clay, organic matter and pH). The present study proposes regression relations for estimating CEC from soil water content at different relative humidity (RH) values that range from 10 to 90% and considering sorption hysteresis. For model development, water adsorption and desorption isotherms were measured for 203 soil samples from different parts of the world with a vapour sorption analyser within an RH range from 3 to 93%. Regression models were developed for both adsorption and desorption for nine RH values (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 and 90%). For 35 independent soil samples, the models predicted CEC accurately (root mean squared error (RMSE): adsorption = 2.47 (0.04) cmol(+) kg−1; desorption = 2.52 (0.09) cmol(+) kg−1) with no clear effect of RH value or sorption direction on the accuracy of prediction. The new models were superior to three models from the literature based on clay, organic matter and pH; the smallest RMSE from these models was 4.13 cmol(+) kg−1 for the same 35 soil samples. Furthermore, the water sorption‐based models performed better than literature models based on data mining tools (ANNs, support vector machines) and visible near infrared spectroscopy when standardized RMSE values were compared. Thus, a simple measure of soil water content at a known RH can serve as an accurate substitute for measuring soil CEC.Highlights

A simple method to estimate cation exchange capacity (CEC) accurately is needed.
Regression models for estimating CEC from soil water contents were developed and tested.
Models predicted CEC accurately with no effect of relative humidity or sorption direction.
Proposed models performed better than existing models based on the validation dataset.
Allochthonous and autochthonous carbon flows in food webs of tropical forest streams
Authors: Neres‐Lima Vinicius , Machado‐Silva Fausto , Baptista Darcilio F. , Oliveira Renata B. S. , Andrade Pedro M. , Oliveira Andrea F. , Sasada‐Sato Cristiano Y. , Silva‐Junior Eduardo F. , Feijó‐Lima Rafael , Angelini Ronaldo , Camargo Plínio B. , Moulton Timothy P. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

The River Continuum Concept (RCC) assumes that autochthonous primary production in forest streams is limited by light and is insufficient to sustain secondary production by consumers; they must therefore depend on allochthonous carbon from the surrounding forest. Recent studies have, however, questioned the importance of allochthonous carbon in stream food webs. There is a growing body of evidence using stable‐isotope techniques that demonstrate the importance of algae (autochthonous production) in the food webs of tropical streams.

The actual contributions of autochthonous and allochthonous resources are rarely evaluated accurately because few studies consider the diet and the trophic efficiencies of the components of the food web or measure primary and secondary production to estimate the energy flow.

We estimated the annual net primary productivity of periphytic microalgae (NPP) and the secondary production of macroinvertebrates (SP) from empirical models and we used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to quantify the flow of material in food webs of five forest streams in the Guapi‐Macacu catchment, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

NPP ranged from 46 g to 173 g dry mass (DM) m−2, whereas SP ranged from 0.90 g DM m−2 to 2.58 g DM m−2. The contribution of allochthonous carbon to the SP was more important than autochthonous sources and varied from 56% to 74% of all basal energy flow assimilated by primary consumers. The annual ingestion rate of basal sources varied from 8.08 g DM m−2 to 26.57 g DM m−2, with the allochthonous material contributing 76% and 87% of this. The annual ingestion rate of autochthonous material varied from 1.2% to 5.5% of the NPP.

The present work suggests that the principal energy source for macroinvertebrates in streams of the Guapi‐Macacu catchment came from the riparian forest, as predicted by the RCC. However, this dependence appeared not to be driven by an absolute lack of autochthonous NPP, which seemed more than sufficient to sustain the entirety of macroinvertebrate SP.
Overlapping trophic niches among co‐occurring amphipods from a cryptic species complex
Authors: Dionne Kaven , Dufresne France , Nozais Christian 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Ecological differences among species are usually associated with phenotypic differences that enable species to lessen interspecific competition. Many cryptic species co‐occur in communities, thus raising the question of their ecological equivalency. In the case of freshwater amphipods from the Hyalella azteca cryptic species complex, both ecological differences and overlaps have been reported among species that co‐occur in lakes. Since lakes are heterogeneous habitats that vary in space and time, it is possible that species minimise interspecific competition by occupying different trophic niches.

We tested the hypothesis that amphipod species from the H. azteca complex co‐occur by feeding on different food resources in the littoral zone of boreal lakes. We compared the stable isotopes ratios (δ13C and δ15N) of amphipods from different species, and reconstructed their diets using mixing models.

We showed that H. azteca amphipods from different species had isotopic compositions and habitat uses that greatly overlapped. Differences in isotopic composition often occurred, but they were also observed for amphipods of the same species sampled at different depths. This suggests that H. azteca amphipods fed mainly on resources that were available at the site where they occurred rather than distributed according to the occurrence of a specific resource.

The overlap in diets suggests that H. azteca amphipods had overlapping trophic niches. Therefore, niche partitioning for food resources was not a process explaining the co‐occurrence of these species within these lakes.

Competition for food resources was not likely an important mechanism to explain H. azteca species assemblages in communities. Each H. azteca species apparently fed on food items that were abundant in the littoral zone of lakes, meaning that competition for food might be avoided most of the time. If food scarcity ever happens, the period of scarcity is probably too short to allow the exclusion of one amphipod species by competitive exclusion because of the low differences in fitness between the species, allowing Hyalella cryptic species to co‐occur during the open‐water season. Neutral mechanisms and ecological drift might also influence assemblage dynamics.
A retrospective review of the dermatologic manifestations of chronic arsenic poisoning in the Philippines
Authors: Sy Sheena Maureen T. , Salud‐Gnilo Charissa M. , Yap‐Silva Claudine , Tababa Erin Jane L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Section of Dermatology of the University of the Philippines, Philippine General Hospital, reported a case of chronic arsenic poisoning from a community in Luzon island to the Department of Health resulting in the conduct of two health and environmental assessment missions in December 2014.ObjectiveTo describe the demographic profile and cutaneous manifestations of chronic arsenic poisoning among affected residents in Luzon, Philippines.MethodsA review of the medical records of 116 residents screened during the health assessment missions in December 2014 was conducted.ResultsAmong the 116 residents screened, 81 (70%) had clinically confirmed arsenic keratoses and hyperpigmentation. Among them, 52 were males and 29 were females with age range of 4–82 years. Two cases of squamous cell carcinoma in situ were detected through skin biopsy. High levels of arsenic in the tap water and topsoil supported the occurrence of an epidemic of chronic arsenic poisoning.ConclusionSpecific dermatologic findings of arsenic keratoses and pigmentation were common among the residents screened. Significantly higher occurrence of arsenic keratoses was seen in adults.
Influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the bioavailability and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Ipomoea batatas leaves
Authors: Chen Yuan , Fu Zhi‐feng , Tu Zong‐Cai , Wang Hui , Zhang Lu , Xie Xing , Liu Guangxian 
Published: March 2017

SummarySweet potato leaves (SPL) are natural by‐products rich in bioactive compounds, particularly polyphenols, and can be consumed as a vegetable. This work aims to investigate the influence of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the bioavailability and antioxidant activities of polyphenols from SPL. The phenolic compounds of sweet potato leaf extracts (SPLE) were quite stable in gastric phase. However, the amount of phenolic compounds decreased during transition from the acidic gastric environment to the alkaline intestinal environment. The bioavailability of phenolic compounds of SPLE was 13.36%. The ABTS·+ scavenging capabilities and reducing power of SPLE were not affected during gastric digestion. Antioxidant activity increased after intestinal digestion. This research suggested that phenolic compounds of SPLE were sufficiently available for absorption. This study also provides useful information on the potential commercial value of SPL.
Pigmented rice a potential source of bioactive compounds: a review
Authors: Samyor Duyi , Das Amit Baran , Deka Sankar Chandra 
Published: March 2017

SummaryRice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important food crops in the world. In red rice, black, purple, brown, and brown red rice, major bioactive components are gallic, protocatechuic, hydroxybenzoic, p‐coumaric,ferulic, sinapic acid, cyanidin‐3‐O‐glucoside, peonidin‐3‐O‐glucoside,flavan‐3‐ol (+) catechin and (−) epicatechin,flavanols (flavan‐ 3‐ols), isoflavones, γ‐oryzanol contents, compositions of steryl, triterpene alcohol ferulates proportions, and tocopherols, etc. This review provides information of pigmented rice in the form of bioactive compounds, concentration, activities and its health's benefit. These bioactive compounds are having immense potential for many health benefit effects and can act as antitumour, anti‐atherosclerosis, anti‐diabetic, anti‐allergicagents, alleviating gallstones, anticancer activity, anti‐inflammatoryeffects, and others.
Carboxymethylation of corn bran polysaccharide and its bioactive property
Authors: Li Jing , Shang Wenting , Si Xu , Bu Dandan , Strappe Padraig , Zhou Zhongkai , Blanchard Chris 
Published: March 2017

SummaryCorn bran polysaccharides were extracted using an ultrasonic‐assisted method with a yield of 33.50% and then carboxymethylated. The occurrence of modification was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectral analysis. The surface of polysaccharide particles became loosened following the carboxymethylation. The effect of sodium hydroxide concentration, reaction temperature, and the reaction time on the degree of substitution was investigated, and the relationship among the substitution degree, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were studied. With sodium hydroxide concentration of 6.0 mol L−1, keeping the reaction temperature of 60 °C and reaction time of 5.0 h, the modified polysaccharides possessed the highest degree of substitution and antioxidant activity. Cell culture model indicated that the carboxymethylated polysaccharide significantly inhibited the proliferation of A549 and HepG‐2 cells, and these antitumour characteristics may be associated with the elevated expression of CASP3, CASP8, CASP9, and p53, as well as the significantly decreased expression of Bcl‐2 and iNOS genes. The excellent antioxidant capacity and strong antitumour activity of these polysaccharides might provide a potential application as a naturally functional ingredient.
Evidence for rapid evolutionary change in an invasive plant in response to biological control
Authors: Stastny M. , Sargent R. D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe present evidence that populations of an invasive plant species that have become re‐associated with a specialist herbivore in the exotic range through biological control have rapidly evolved increased antiherbivore defences compared to populations not exposed to biocontrol. We grew half‐sib families of the invasive plant Lythrum salicaria sourced from 17 populations near Ottawa, Canada, that differed in their history of exposure to a biocontrol agent, the specialist beetle Neogalerucella calmariensis. In a glasshouse experiment, we manipulated larval and adult herbivory to examine whether a population's history of biocontrol influenced plant defence and growth. Plants sourced from populations with a history of biocontrol suffered lower defoliation than naïve, previously unexposed populations, strongly suggesting they had evolved higher resistance. Plants from biocontrol‐exposed populations were also larger and produced more branches in response to herbivory, regrew faster even in the absence of herbivory and were better at compensating for the impacts of herbivory on growth (i.e. they exhibited increased tolerance). Furthermore, resistance and tolerance were positively correlated among genotypes with a history of biocontrol but not among naïve genotypes. Our findings suggest that biocontrol can rapidly select for increased defences in an invasive plant and may favour a mixed defence strategy of resistance and tolerance without an obvious cost to plant vigour. Although rarely studied, such evolutionary responses in the target species have important implications for the long‐term efficacy of biocontrol programmes.