bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative mass reference standards for direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry
Authors: Cody Robert B. , Dane A. John 
Published: May 2016

RationaleMass spectra were acquired with the Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART®) ion source for an amine‐terminated polyether used as positive‐ion mass reference standards and for several fluorinated materials commonly used as negative‐ion reference standards for mass spectrometry.MethodsA commercial time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer equipped with a DART ion source was used for all measurements. Mass reference standards deposited onto the sealed end of a glass melting point tube were suspended in the DART gas stream for analysis.ResultsA polyetheramine (Jeffamine® M‐600) produced intense peaks corresponding to protonated molecules. Perfluorotributylamine (PFTBA), and perfluorotripentylamine, gave useful reference spectra for different m/z ranges. DART mass spectra of Ultramark 1621® resembled those previously reported for Fast Atom Bombardment (FAB) and Electrospray Ionization (ESI). Fomblin®Y, a fluorinated ether, was the most useful negative‐ion reference standard of the materials tested. The material is commercially available, inexpensive, and provides reference peaks covering the m/z range 85 to >3000.ConclusionsJeffamine‐M600 was found to be a convenient alternative to polyethers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) for DART positive‐ion mass calibration. Fomblin Y was suitable for use as a negative‐ion reference standard. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Priorities for Patient‐Centered Outcomes Research: The Views of Minority and Underserved Communities
Authors: Goold Susan Dorr , Myers C. Daniel , Szymecko Lisa , Cunningham Collins Carla , Martinez Sal , Ledón Charo , Campbell Terrance R. , Danis Marion , Cargill Stephanie Solomon , Kim Hyungjin Myra , Rowe Zachary 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo learn how minority and underserved communities would set priorities for patient‐centered outcomes research (PCOR).Data SourcesSixteen groups (n = 183) from minority and underserved communities in two states deliberated about PCOR priorities using the simulation exercise CHoosing All Together (CHAT). Most participants were minority, one‐third reported income <$10,000, and one‐fourth reported fair/poor health.DesignAcademic–community partnerships adapted CHAT for PCOR priority setting using existing research agendas and interviews with community leaders, clinicians, and key informants.Data CollectionTablet‐based CHAT collected demographic information, individual priorities before and after group deliberation, and groups' priorities.Principal FindingsIndividuals and groups prioritized research on Quality of Life, Patient‐Doctor, Access, Special Needs, and (by total resources spent) Compare Approaches. Those with less than a high school education were less likely to prioritize New Approaches, Patient‐Doctor, Quality of Life, and Families/Caregivers. Blacks were less likely to prioritize research on Causes of Disease, New Approaches, and Compare Approaches than whites. Compare Approaches, Special Needs, Access, and Families/Caregivers were significantly more likely to be selected by individuals after compared to before deliberation.ConclusionsMembers of underserved communities, in informed deliberations, prioritized research on Quality of Life, Patient‐Doctor, Special Needs, Access, and Compare Approaches.
The meteoritic origin of Tutankhamun's iron dagger blade
Authors: Comelli Daniela , D'orazio Massimo , Folco Luigi , El‐Halwagy Mahmud , Frizzi Tommaso , Alberti Roberto , Capogrosso Valentina , Elnaggar Abdelrazek , Hassan Hala , Nevin Austin , Porcelli Franco , Rashed Mohamed G. , Valentini Gianluca 
Published: May 2016

AbstractScholars have long discussed the introduction and spread of iron metallurgy in different civilizations. The sporadic use of iron has been reported in the Eastern Mediterranean area from the late Neolithic period to the Bronze Age. Despite the rare existence of smelted iron, it is generally assumed that early iron objects were produced from meteoritic iron. Nevertheless, the methods of working the metal, its use, and diffusion are contentious issues compromised by lack of detailed analysis. Since its discovery in 1925, the meteoritic origin of the iron dagger blade from the sarcophagus of the ancient Egyptian King Tutankhamun (14th C. BCE) has been the subject of debate and previous analyses yielded controversial results. We show that the composition of the blade (Fe plus 10.8 wt% Ni and 0.58 wt% Co), accurately determined through portable x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry, strongly supports its meteoritic origin. In agreement with recent results of metallographic analysis of ancient iron artifacts from Gerzeh, our study confirms that ancient Egyptians attributed great value to meteoritic iron for the production of precious objects. Moreover, the high manufacturing quality of Tutankhamun's dagger blade, in comparison with other simple‐shaped meteoritic iron artifacts, suggests a significant mastery of ironworking in Tutankhamun's time.
Tongan‐English language contact and kinship terminology
Authors: VÖLKEL SVENJA 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT‘[D]o all humans mean the same things by words that can be used successfully to point to the same thing?’ (Leavitt : 51). This study shows that the same words used in different English varieties might not have the same meaning. The typological comparison of standardised English and Tongan kinship terminology reveals that the categorisation is based on different underlying features. While standardised English focuses on the concept of ‘core family’, Tongan merges ‘same‐sex siblings’ and emphasises the concept of ‘extended family’. The emerging contact phenomenon in Tongan English is the use of English terminology according to Tongan categorisation, that is, a case of semantic transfer.
TIME-DEPENDENT SUPPRESSION OF OSCILLATORY POWER IN EVOLVING SOLAR MAGNETIC FIELDS
Authors: Prasad S. Krishna , Jess D. B. , Jain R. , Keys P. H. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Oscillation amplitudes are generally smaller within magnetically active regions like sunspots and plage when compared to their surroundings. Such magnetic features, when viewed in spatially resolved power maps, appear as regions of suppressed power due to reductions in the oscillation amplitudes. Employing high spatial- and temporal-resolution observations from the Dunn Solar Telescope (DST) in New Mexico, we study the power suppression in a region of evolving magnetic fields adjacent to a pore. By utilizing wavelet analysis, we study for the first time how the oscillatory properties in this region change as the magnetic field evolves with time. Image sequences taken in the blue continuum, G-band, Ca ii K, and Hα filters were used in this study. It is observed that the suppression found in the chromosphere occupies a relatively larger area, confirming previous findings. Also, the suppression is extended to structures directly connected to the magnetic region, and is found to get enhanced as the magnetic field strength increased with time. The dependence of the suppression on the magnetic field strength is greater at longer periods and higher formation heights. Furthermore, the dominant periodicity in the chromosphere was found to be anti-correlated with increases in the magnetic field strength.
ON THE BRIGHT LOOP TOP EMISSION IN POST-ERUPTION ARCADES
Authors: Sharma Rohit , Tripathi Durgesh , Isobe Hiroaki , Ghosh Avyarthana 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Observations of post-eruption arcades (PEAs) in X-rays and EUV reveal strong localized brightenings at the loop top regions. The origins of these brightenings and their dynamics are not well understood to date. Here, we study the dynamics of PEAs using one-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling, focusing on understanding the formation of localized brightening. Our findings suggest that these brightenings are the result of collisions between the counter-streaming chromospheric evaporation from both the footpoints. We perform forward modeling of the emission observed in simulated results in various spectral lines observed by the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope on board Hinode. The forward-modeled intensities in various spectral lines are in close agreement with a flare observed on 2006 December 17 by EIS.
FINAL MASSES OF GIANT PLANETS. II. JUPITER FORMATION IN A GAS-DEPLETED DISK
Authors: Tanigawa Takayuki , Tanaka Hidekazu 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
First, we study the final masses of giant planets growing in protoplanetary disks through capture of disk gas, by employing empirical formulae for the gas capture rate and a shallow disk gap model, which are both based on hydrodynamic simulations. We find that, for planets less massive than 10 Jupiter masses, their growth rates are mainly controlled by the gas supply through the global disk accretion, and the gap opening does not limit the accretion. The insufficient gas supply compared with the rapid gas capture causes a depletion of the gas surface density even at the outside the gap, which can create an inner hole in the disk. Second, our findings are applied to the formation of our solar system. For the formation of Jupiter, a very low-mass gas disk of several Jupiter masses is required at the beginning of its gas capture because of the continual capture. Such a low-mass gas disk with sufficient solid material can be formed through viscous evolution from a compact disk of initial size ∼10 au. By viscous evolution with a moderate viscosity of α ∼ 10−3, most of the disk gas accretes onto the Sun and a widely spread low-mass gas disk remains when the solid core of Jupiter starts gas capture at t ∼ 107 yr. A very low-mass gas disk also provides a plausible path where type I and II planetary migrations are both suppressed significantly. In particular, the type II migration of Jupiter-size planets becomes inefficient because of the additional gas depletion due to the rapid gas capture by such planets.
ChemInform Abstract: Improvement in Impact Toughness of Al‐Zn‐Mg‐Cu Alloys by Intermediate Thermomechanical Treatment.
Authors: NIINOMI M. , KOBAYASHI T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIt is shown that the Rockwell International intermediate thermomechanical heat treatment (RI‐ITMT) process is effective in improving the toughness of the Zr bearing Al‐Zn‐Mg‐Cu alloys, but insufficient to the Cr bearing alloys.
ChemInform Abstract: Thermodynamic Investigations in the System Sb‐Ge‐Zn.
Authors: GERLING U. , LUECK R. + , PREDEL B. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPartial enthalpies and entropies of mixing of Zn for liquid alloys in the title system are calculated using the dependence on temp. of the partial molar Gibbs free energies, determined by emf measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improvement of Battery Performance of Lithium Batteries Assembled with a Polypyrrole Cathode Formed Electrochemically with the Aid of a Nitrile Rubber Insulating Film.
Authors: NAOI K. , ISHIJIMA A. , OSAKA T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPolypyrrole (PPy) cathodes have been prepared by using a nitrile rubber (NBR) insulating film as host polymer which allows the control of PPy film growth.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning of Platinum Anode in Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell Electrolyte.
Authors: CHIN D.‐T. , HOWARD P. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCyclic voltammetry and polarization measurements are used to investigate the effect of H2S on the behavior of a Pt electrode in 94 wt.% H3PO4 in the temp. range 25‐170 °C. It is shown that H2S causes a rapid decrease in the anodic current due to H2S adsorption.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Water on the Formation of HSO‐ 3 Ions Upon SO2 Adsorption Onto Faujasite‐Type Zeolites.
Authors: LANIECKI M. , ZIOLEK M. , KARGE H. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA combined UV and IR spectroscopic investigation is indicative of the formation of chemisorbed HSO3‐ species on the surface of Na‐X (or Na‐Y) zeolite (bands around 215 nm and at 1240 cm‐1).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Chromium Oxides with Ammonium Hydrogen Difluoride.
Authors: MEL'NICHENKO E. I. , GRO'ENKO O. M. , RAKOV E. G. , POLISHCHUK S. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA systematic study of the reactions between NH4HF2 and Cr2O3, Cr2O5, Cr3O8, CrO3, Cr(OH)3 and Cr(OH)3·2 H2O has been carried out for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Alloy Clusters: The Encapsulation of Transition Metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) Within Cluster Halides of Zirconium and the Rare‐Earth Metals.
Authors: HUGHBANKS T. , ROSENTHAL G. , CORBETT J. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA wide variety of remarkable rare‐earth‐metal and Zr cluster compounds in which a 3d transition metal is ensconced have been prepared and their structures have been determined.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures of the Oat Root Resistance Factors to “Take‐All” Disease, Avenacins A‐1, A‐2, B‐1 and B‐2 and Their Companion Substances.
Authors: CROMBIE L. , CROMBIE W. M. L. , WHITING D. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe trisaccharide structure of the title compounds (I) is confirmed by chemical and spectroscopic means.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structure of Indazolinone and Derivatives in the Solid State and in Solution: an X‐Ray and NMR Study.
Authors: BALLESTEROS P. , ELGUERO J. , CLARAMUNT R. M. , FAURE R. , FOCES‐FOCES C. , HERNANDEZ CANO F. , ROUSSEAU A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractX‐ray analysis of the title compound (space group P21/n, Z=4) confirms the structure (I) in the solid state, while (II) predominates in DMSO solution (85%).
ChemInform Abstract: Further Studies of the Kinetic Template Effect in the Metal Ion‐Catalyzed Reactions of ortho‐Donor‐Substituted Aryl Halides with Tertiary Phosphines. Structural Requirements of the Template.
Authors: ALLEN D. W. , CROPPER P. E. , SMITHURST P. G. , ASHTON P. R. , TAYLOR B. F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reactions of the Schiff's bases (I), which are prepared from the corresponding o‐halogeno‐benzaldehydes and p‐anisidine or aniline, with the phosphines (II) proceed only in the presence of NiBr2 under mild conditions with displacement of the o‐halogen atom only to give phosphonium compounds of type (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Alcohol‐Modified Micelles on Deacylation and Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution by Azide Ion.
Authors: BUNTON C. A. , MOFFATT J. R. , SPILLANE W. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn micellar solutions the reaction rates for the substitution reaction of (I) and (III) increase with increasing concentration of the surfactant (CTACl) to limiting values corresponding to complete micellar incorporation of the substrate and saturation of the micelles by counterions.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Assisted Reactions. Part 17. Ring‐Opening and Dimerization of Cyclic Ethers by Titanium Halides.
Authors: DELANEY P. A. , JOHNSTONE R. A. W. , ENTWISTLE I. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatment of THF (I) with TiCl4 followed by non‐hydrolytic work‐up gives the ring‐opened products (II) and (IIIa), whereas hydrolytic work‐up leads to the chloro alcohols (IIIb)‐(IIId) (yields in g).
ChemInform Abstract: The Effects of Ionizing Radiation on Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Part 4. The Role of Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: CULLIS P. M. , SYMONS M. C. R. , SWEENEY M. C. , JONES G. D. D. , MCCLYMONT J. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAt 77 K and after annealing to 130 K guanine and thymine ion radicals (G+· and T‐·) are generated by γ‐irradiation of DNA.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbanion Rearrangements. Collision‐Induced Dissociations of Enolate Ions Derived from 3‐Ethylpentan‐2‐one.
Authors: BOWIE J. H. , STRINGER M. B. , CURRIE G. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe prim. carbanion (III), which derives from the title compound (I), competitively eliminates C2H4 (stepwise) and C4H8 (via a rearrangement process).
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Phosphine Complexes Possessing a Phase Transfer Function. Preparation and Catalytic Reactivity of Palladium Phosphine Complexes Containing Crown Ethers.
Authors: OKANO T. , IWAHARA M. , SUZUKI T. , KONISHI H. , KIJI J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractStarting with the benzo‐crown ethers (I), the palladium complexes (V) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: A Radical Deoxygenation of Secondary Alcohols to Hydrocarbons by Use of Tributyltin Hydride.
Authors: WATANABE Y. , ARAKI T. , UENO Y. , ENDO T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe secondary alcohols (I) react with 2,2'‐dibenzothiazolyldisulfide (II) in the presence of tributylphosphine, yielding the corresponding sulfides (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of α‐ or γ‐Phenylthio Substituted Extended Enolate Anions Derived from Esters.
Authors: BROWNBRIDGE P. , DURMAN J. , HUNT P. G. , WARREN S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatment of the α‐phenylthio compounds (I) with tBuOK in an inverse addition procedure yields the enolate anions (II), reacting with NaHCO3/H2O, (IV), (VI), (VIII) and (XV) at the α‐position to give the products (III), (V), (VII), (IX) and (XVI).
ChemInform Abstract: Amine Oxidation. Part 17. Model Systems for Cytochrome P450‐Dependent Mono‐Oxygenases. Part 5. Oxidative N‐Dealkylation of Tertiary Amines by Metalloporphyrin‐Catalyzed Model Systems for Cytochrome P450 Mono‐Oxygenases.
Authors: SMITH J. R. L. , MORTIMER D. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOxidative dealkylation of the tert. amines (I) by iodosylbenzene in the presence of Fe3+‐TTPCl (or Mn3+‐TTPCl) leads to the products (II) and (III) the ratio of which is unaffected by change of the substituent (with the exception of (Ia) which shows an increase of debenzylation in the presence of the Fe3+‐catalyst).
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Receptors. Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of a Calix(4)arene Tetracarbonate‐Acetonitrile (1:1) Clathrate.
Authors: MCKERVEY M. A. , SEWARD E. M. , FERGUSON G. , RUHL B. L. 
Published: May 2016

Abstractp‐tert‐Butylcalix(4)arene (Ia) reacts with ethyl chloroformate and sodium hydride to give the tetracarbonate (Ib) which forms a crystalline inclusion complex with acetonitrile.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of Saturated Tricylic Hydrocarbons on a Bifunctional Catalyst. Part 4. The Synthesis of 1,3‐Dimethyladamantane from 1,5,9‐Cyclododecatriene as Starting Material.
Authors: HONNA K. , ICHIKAWA H. , SUGIMOTO M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTransannular ring closure reaction of (I) gives a mixture of octahydroacenaphthenes which is hydrogenated to yield perhydroacenaphthene (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Tetracyclo(5.2.0.01,6.02,7)nonane, a (2.1.1)Propellane Derivative as a Reaction Intermediate.
Authors: MORF J. , SZEIMIES G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe tricyclo(4.1.0.02,7)heptane (II) is synthesized from the alcohol (I) in three steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparative Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis: Formation of 3‐Substituted Furans via Stereospecific Syntheses of endo/exo Alkyl(Aryl)‐3‐methylene‐6,9‐ oxa‐1‐spiro(4,5)decadiene‐3,7.
Authors: RATIER M. , DROUILLARD S. , TROUVE B. , DUBOUDIN J. G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe cyclic vinylic Grignard reagent (III) is obtained from ethyl or phenyl magnesium bromide (I) and propargylic alcohol (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)‐(+)‐ and (S)‐(‐)‐2,2,4‐Trimethyl‐4‐(hydroxymethyl)‐1,3‐dioxolane of High Enantiomeric Purity.
Authors: TANNER D. , SOMFAI P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of the title compound (IV) starts from the Sharpless asym.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct Synthesis of trans‐2‐Arylbenzocyclobutenol, a Potential Intermediate for Podophyllotoxin Synthesis: Use of LDA for Benzyne Formation and Trapping.
Authors: JUNG M. E. , LOWEN G. T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe bromopiperonal (I) reacts with methyl cyanoacetate (II) to yield the Knoevenagel product (III) which is coupled with lithium diarylcuprate (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of N‐Vinyliminophosphoranes. Part 4. A Novel Route to Phenyl‐ Substituted Pyridines by the Reaction of N‐(1‐Phenylvinyl)iminophosphoranes with αβ‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: KOBAYASHI T. , NITTA M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of phenylacrolein (Ia) with the phenylvinyliminophosphoranes (II) leads to the formation of 2,6‐diphenylpyridine (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Piperidine and Decahydroquinolone Derivatives. Their Analgetic and Psychotropic Properties. Part 21. 1‐Methyl‐4‐vinylethinylpiperidin‐4‐ol and Its Esters.
Authors: PRALIEV K. D. , SALITA T. A. , ZHILKIBAEV O. T. , KOROBLEV M. V. , SADYKOV A. O. , KURBAT N. M. , SOKOLOV D. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVinylacetylene (II) reacts with N‐methylpiperidone‐4 (I) to give the carbinols (III) which are acylated by standard procedures, forming the esters (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphonitrilic Chloride. A Reagent for Bischler‐Napieralski Reaction.
Authors: RAMESH D. , SRINIVASAN M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe N‐acyl phenethylamines (I), prepared from the corresponding amines and carboxylic acid derivatives, undergo Bischler‐Napieralski cyclization on heating with phosphonitrilic chloride (II) to produce the isoquinoline derivatives (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Naphthyridines in the Hetarylation Reaction.
Authors: SHEINKMAN A. K. , NEZDIIMINOGA T. N. , CHMILENKO T. S. , KLYUEV N. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of the naphthyridines (I), (V), or (VII) with the indoles (II) and benzoyl chloride (III) at room temperature produces the hetarylation products (IV), (VI), and (VIII) respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation in the Quinazolinone‐4 Series. Part 17. Synthesis and Biological Activity of 1,2‐Disubstituted Quinazolinones‐4.
Authors: VIZGINOVA O. L. , KYUZHEVNIKOV YU. V. , OBVINTSEVA L. M. , ZALESOV V. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe quinazolinonium salts (III) are prepared either directly by cyclization of the anthranilic amide (I) with the acyl chlorides (II) or in two steps via the N‐acyl compounds (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on s‐Triazines. Part 2. Preparation of 2,4‐Diarylamino‐6‐carbethoxymethylamino and 4‐(2′,4′‐Diarylamino‐s‐triazin‐6′‐yl)aminoantipyrine.
Authors: MEHTA L. , PAREKH H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNucleophilic substitution of the chlorine atom in the chlorotriazine (I) by the glycine ester (II) or aminoantipyrine (IV) yields the title compounds (III) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted‐Amino/Aroyloxy‐7‐chloro‐5‐phenyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐ones as Possible Anxiolytics.
Authors: KULKARNI Y. D. , ABDI S. H. R. , SHARMA V. L. , DUA P. R. , SHANKER G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title compounds (III) and (V) are synthesized from the 3‐hydroxybenzodiazepinones (I) and the amines (II) or the aroyl chlorides (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: 5,6,8,9‐Tetraaza(3.3)paracyclophane, Transannular Effect on the n→π* Transition.
Authors: NEUGEBAUER F. A. , FISCHER H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe tetraazaparacyclophanes (III) are synthesized in a three‐step reaction sequence from the diacid dichlorides (I) which are cyclized with hydrazine to give the diketodiazaparacyclophane (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Organoboranes. Part 48. Improved Procedures for the Preparation of Boronic and Borinic Esters.
Authors: BROWN H. C. , SREBNIK M. , COLE T. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTwo improved procedures of liberating boronic and borinic esters such as (I) from their "ate" complexes, free of isopropyl alcohol, are developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Aromatic Systems: A Highly Chemoselective Synthesis of ((Trimethylsilyl)methyl)nitroarenes.
Authors: BARTOLI G. , BOSCO M. , DALPOZZO R. , TODESCO P. E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTrimethylsilylmagnesiumchloride (II), i.e. Peterson reagent, is coupled with the nitrobenzenes (I), giving the intermediates (III), which are subsequently oxidized in situ to form the o‐substituted nitrobenzenes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: 4H‐2‐Aminobenzo(4,5)furo(selenopheno)(3,2‐b)pyran‐4‐ones and Fused Heterocyclic Systems Thereof.
Authors: VOLOVENKO YU. M. , LITENKO V. A. , BABICHEV F. S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe benzofuran or benzoselenophen carboxylic acid esters (I) are combined with the acetonitriles (II) to give the anellated heterocycles (III).