bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Immunofluorescence Diagnosis of Pemphigus without Biopsy
Authors: Feliciani Claudio , Pour Saman Mohammad , Toto Paola , Coscione Giulia , Amerio Paolo , Amerio Pierluigi 
Published: July 2017

Background: Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) is a necessary examination tool for the diagnosis of pemphigus. The suction-blister-method splits the skin at the lamina lucida and it is possible with a scalpel to separate the entire epidermis from the dermis. Objective: The study was to determine whether DIF is reliable on epidermal sheets separated using a suction apparatus. Methods: Thirteen patients were selected for this study: (nine with pemphigus vulgaris (PV), one with paraneoplastic pemphigus (PP), and three with pemphigus erythematosus (PE). Frozen epidermal sheets, separated from the dermis with a scalpel, were used as a substrate. Diagnosis with routine fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) antibodies was made. Results: In all patients a pericellular deposition of IgG was evident and in eight of these patients a pericellular deposition of C3 was present. In two cases of PE and one of PP, the C3 deposits were also present in the lower part of basal keratinocytes. Conclusion: This diagnostic method without skin biopsy is easy to perform and, together with the histology and clinical aspects, could be a useful tool in the diagnosis of pemphigus. We recommend this method when the patient is allergic to local anaesthetics, the patient easily produces hypertrophic scars, or in follow-up of already biopsied patients.
Undergraduate Dermatology Education in Canada: A Survey
Authors: Murray Scott J. , Raymond Giles P. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Two reviews done in the 1980's showed that many Canadian medical schools scheduled relatively little time for dermatological teaching. Many students did not have a real clinical exposure to dermatology. Objective: The purpose of this study was to obtain new data to reevaluate the undergraduate training in dermatology in Canada. Methods: A survey was sent to the coordinators of undergraduate dermatology of all 16 Canadian medical schools. Results: The survey of medical schools demonstrates the current status of dermatology undergraduate teaching across Canada. Although many improvements have been made in the way dermatology is taught to medical students, many of the problems noticed in the 1980s remain unresolved. Conclusion: Because dermatological care in Canada is often rendered by nondermatologists, the dermatologists should emphasize the importance of undergraduate training in their specialty.
Patching Together the Genetics of Gorlin Syndrome
Authors: Bale Sherri J. , Falk Roni T. , Rogers Geraldine R. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Gorlin syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by developmental defects and susceptibility to cancer, especially to basal cell carcinomas. The genetic basis of this disorder has recently been elucidated. Methods: In this article previous studies are reviewed in which loss of heterozygosity analysis of tumours and normal tissue pointed to a region on chromosome 9 as being involved in Gorlin syndrome. In this light, Knudson's two-hit model is discussed. The identification of the involvement of the patched gene in Gorlin syndrome is reviewed. New data on genotype-phenotype correlations in the syndrome are presented. Results: Loss-of-heterozygosity studies, together with standard family studies using linkage analysis, have proved useful in identifying the location of a gene with complex phenotypic expression. Conclusion: The application of the two-hit model, as utilized in loss-of-heterozygosity studies, has been very useful in elucidating the genetic basis of Gorlin syndrome. There may be a correlation between certain aspects of the mutations in patched and the clinical presentation of the disorder in families.
Diagnosing Basal Cell Carcinoma by Dermatoscopy
Authors: Carroll David M. , Billingsley Elizabeth M. , Helm Klaus F. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Dermatoscopy (DS) has been used primarily to evaluate pigmented skin lesions. Little information is available on DS findings of basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Dermatoscopy is a noninvasive technique that allows visualization of cutaneous features from the skin surface to the papillary dermis. Basal cell carcinoma, the most common cutaneous malignancy, is traditionally diagnosed clinically and confirmed with biopsy. Objective: To determine the dermatoscopic features of non-pigmented basal cell carcinomas. Methods: The dermatoscopic findings of 27 lesions that clinically were suspicious for BCC were analyzed. Results: Of these 27 clinically suspect lesions, the biopsies revealed BCC in 20 specimens and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in two specimens. Twenty of these 22 specimens had dermatoscopic findings of BCC: diffusely distributed, branching blood vessels, asymmetric, and narrow blood vessels distributed deeper in the dermis, or a milky-red corona with superficial wide blood vessels. One nodular BCC in our study showed no distinct findings. Conclusions: Many BCCs have characteristic DS findings; however, dermatoscopic examination of some tumours will not demonstrate any known characteristic findings. As such, the DS criteria we propose for BCC are best utilized as an adjunctive study of clinical impressions. Biopsy remains the definitive diagnostic tool.
Lichen Planus Localized to the Nails
Authors: Albert Michael R. , Li Vincent W. , Buhac Jean , Dover Jeffrey S. , González Ernesto 
Published: July 2017

Background: Lichen planus may rarely be localized to the nails. Objective: A case of ungual lichen planus is reported that was misdiagnosed as onychomycosis. Methods: A 52-year-old woman had progressive nail dystrophy for 13 months that was unresponsive to oral terbinafine. A nail biopsy was performed. Results: Histopathologic findings were consistent with lichen planus. Conclusion: Onychomycosis may be confused clinically with other causes of nail dystrophy. It is important to confirm the diagnosis of onychomycosis with appropriate laboratory or histologic analysis.
Plaque-Type Multinucleate Cell Angiohistiocytoma
Authors: Issa Ahmed Al , Lui Harvey , Shapiro Jerry , Trotter Martin J. 
Published: July 2017

Background: Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma (MCAH) is a rare cutaneous disorder that usually presents as papules or nodules. Objective: This article reports a case of MCAH that appeared clinically as a large cutaneous plaque. Methods and Results: A 74-year-old woman presented with a large painless, dusky red, indurated plaque measuring 12 × 6 cm on the trunk that was found on histopathologic examination to be a MCAH. Based on a literature review, this is the first reported case of MCAH presenting as a plaque rather than a papule or nodule. Conclusion: Multinucleate cell angiohistiocytoma may manifest clinically as a solitary cutaneous plaque.
Treatment of Refractory Solar Urticaria with Plasma Exchange
Authors: Bissonnette Robert , Buskard Noel , McLean David I. , Lui Harvey 
Published: July 2017

Background: Solar urticaria is a photodermatosis that can be very disabling for patients who are highly sensitive to light and can also be very resistant to therapy. Objective: To correlate the results of serial phototesting in a patient with severe and refractory solar urticaria before and after treatment with plasma exchange. Methods: Plasma exchange was performed five times over a period of 10 days. Phototesting to ultraviolet A (UVA) irradiation and visible light was performed with fluorescent ultraviolet tubes and an incandescent lamp. Results: The urticaria that developed after very low light doses during baseline phototesting could not be provoked following plasma exchange. The patient is now almost symptom-free, with only occasional and transient hives more than 21 months after her last plasma exchange. Conclusions: Plasma exchange is a therapeutic modality to consider in highly light-sensitive patients when other treatments have failed.
Understanding Research about Quality of Life and other Health Outcomes
Authors: Chren Mary-Margaret 
Published: July 2017

Background: Papers reporting studies of health outcomes, particularly patients' perceptions, are becoming more common. Understanding the characteristics of tools used to measure these health outcomes is important for interpreting these studies accurately and applying them to clinical care. Objective: The purpose of this article is to describe important features of the measurement of patient-perceived health outcomes, and to illustrate how a consideration of these features can help in applying study results to individual patients. Conclusion: Understanding the principles of measurement is particularly important for interpreting studies of dermatological care, in which patients' perceptions are a crucial outcome.
The Australian Broadcasting Tribunal and Media Monopolies
Authors: Watterson Ray 
Published: July 2017

In October, 1478 the NSW Branch of the Australian Labor Party announced that it had entered into an agreement to sell its interest in Newcastle radio station 2HD to that region's sole commercial television station, NBN-3. The acquisition by NBN-3 of 2HD would have created the highest degree of concentration of electronic media ownership within the one city in the history of Australian broadcasting. That announcement generated one of the most politically intriguing and legally important sequence of events in the history of Australian broadcasting regulation. The decision to sell 2HD generated bitter division within the Labor movement and has thus far lead to two Supreme Court actions, two separate hearings by the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal and promises to lead to the High Court. At this moment the most important event from the point of view of broadcasting law and policy is the decision of the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal which finally emerged on 19th July, 1979. The Australian Broadcasting Tribunal denied its consent, necessary for the transfer of the station's licence, when after the second of its hearings into the matter it concluded that the result of the sale would have been to place the control of the available commercial electronic media outlets in the Newcastle region into too few hands. In the Tribunal's view such a situation “would have been contrary to the interests of the Newcastle public as they relate to broadcasting services available to them”.
Who are Those Journalists? (And Why are They Saying Such Critical Things?)
Authors: Rothman Stanley , Lichter S Robert 
Published: July 2017

The American Media The media have become one of the most powerful influences on our information hungry society. Their new prominence has been propelled by the rise of print and television outlets with national impact. This select group includes the three television networks and the Public Broadcasting System (PBS), three national news magazines (Time, Newsweek, U.S. News and World Report) and the major American newspapers — the New York Times, the Washington Post, and the Wall Street Journal.
The Driver's Exposure to Risk of Accident
Authors: Bygren Lars Olov 
Published: July 2017

The driving habits in three population groups in Central Sweden have been investigated by means of a mailed questionnaire containing questions about the previous calendar year and a driving journal for the subsequent week. The samples totalled 22575 individuals. The non-response was 15%, 19% and 10% respectively, but has not been found to affect the results to any great extent. There were appreciable differences in age and sex as concerns average distances driven, distribution as to type of motor vehicle, time of day and week, driving in rural or built-up areas, on working or spare time, etc. The most interesting groups at risk were the oldest and the youngest drivers. They had in common relatively low average mileages, and to a great extent rode mopeds and drove during their spare time. The youngest, in addition, drove relatively often during the night hours, with borrowed vehicles and in built-up areas. Driving experience (in number of years since the first licence) and age influenced the average mileage in contrary directions, i.e. mileage decreased with passage of time since the first licence and increased with age. The accident frequency per distance driven seemed high for lorry, moped and motorcycle. It was high among the youngest and the oldest drivers, among those with less than five years of driving experience and finally it was high during the night. On the whole a large part of the differences in accident rates was explained by the exposure to risk. Even traffic offences were a function of this exposure. The conclusion drawn from the discussion is that motor vehicles have a central bearing on the population, that the risk differs radically between driver groups and that it should be possible to devise preventive measures out of these differences.
Methods of Studying Prevalence and Incidence of Drug Abuse
Authors: Bejerot Nils , Maurice-Bejerot Carol 
Published: July 2017

Many methods commonly used in studying morbidity, such as hospital admissions and health surveys, are unsuitable in estimating the incidence of addiction. Some methods of studying addiction rates are: 1. Mortality studies. 2. Case-finding studies; e.g. enquiries to law-enforcement, medical and social agencies. 3. Contact analysis; patients may be asked to name other cases of addiction, observation of dealer-buyer contacts, etc. 4. Registers of addicts. 5. Questionnaires and/or structured interviews with students, soldiers, etc. 6. Analyses of prescriptions. 7. Import and manufacture of drugs; drug offences; convictions in drug cases; seizures and prices of black market drugs and a miscellaneous category of other approaches. The most ambitious estimations are based on an integration of information from several sources. A study is presented based on an examination of arms for injection marks in a continuous flow of a high risk population (arrestees in Stockholm since 1965).
Social Class and Changes in Health-Related Habits in Finland in 1973–1983
Authors: Aro Seppo , Räsänen Leena , Telama Risto 
Published: July 2017

The aim of this project was to study social class differences with respect to various health-related habits and especially to note the changes in these habits after a 10-year follow-up period. From this study conclusions can be drawn as to whether health education efforts and increased interest in personal health has been more widely adopted by the more educated groups than the less educated groups, whose morbidity and mortality rates are higher. The sample consisted of 902 white-collar and blue-collar workers. Smoking was found to be more common among blue-collar workers in both years. Smoking rates had declined in all groups except female blue-collar workers. Occasions of drinking were more frequent among white-collar than blue-collar workers. However, heavier forms of drinking were more common in male blue-collar than white-collar groups, while the opposite was true among women. Dietary habits in white-collar groups were closer to the “official” recommendations than in the respective blue-collar groups in both years. White-collar men were physically more active at the time of the first investigation, and even more so ten years later. Among women, social class differences were in the same direction, but less marked. In conclusion, in the early 1970s the health-related habits examined were, in most instances, less favourable among blue-collar than white-collar workers. No consistent pattern of change in these habits was observed in the 10-year follow-up. At the end of the follow-up, many of the “inequalities” still persisted.
Diabetes Mellitus and Disability Pension
Authors: Morén-Hybbinette Ingalill , Moritz Ulrich , Scherstén Bengt 
Published: July 2017

Disability documents of all diabetic persons ( n = 1,707) granted a disability pension in Sweden during 1980 were studied. The following factors were analysed: age, sex, civil status, profession, unemployment, being a housewife, immigration status, form for disability pension application, duration of diabetes, type of treatment, presence of classical late complications and age at onset of diabetes, obesity and alcohol problems. Functional handicaps and symptoms related to a clinically advanced diabetes mellitus could be regarded as the basis for the decision to grant a disability pension to 20–25% of the pensioners. For the remaining 75–80% neither the diabetic state nor its late complications could be held responsible for reduced work capacity. Rather, symptoms like angina pectoris and rheumatic symptoms and many other factors such as obesity, alcohol problems, being an immigrant, or being unemployed influenced the decision to grant a disability pension.
Causes of death in a cohort of 50 465 young men – Validity of recorded suicide as underlying cause of death
Authors: Allebeck Peter , Allgulander Christer , Henningsohn Lars , Jakobsson Sten W. 
Published: July 2017

We studied causes of death in a cohort of all young males (n = 50 465) conscripted for military service in 1969–70. Six hundred eighty three deaths occurred in the cohort during the follow-up through 1983. Injury-related deaths accounted for 75% of all deaths. Of these, 38% were definite suicides, 10% undetermined suicides and 30% motor vehicle accidents. The validity of officially recorded causes of death was studied by scrutinizing all death certificates (n = 683) and forensic reports, including police reports, toxicological and histological data, from a sample (n = 322) of deaths with unclear circumstances. Of 161 officially recorded suicides (E950–959), only one case was reevaluated into poisoning, “undetermined” (E980). Of 47 cases officially recorded “undetermined” (E980–989), 9 were reevaluated into definite suicide (E950–959) although we believe that this is still an underestimation of “true” suicide cases. An alcohol concentration of more than 0.1 g% was found in 45% of all violent deaths (E800–999), 34% of all suicides and 60% of all “undetermined” deaths. We conclude that the causes of death in most cases of injury related death in young age are recorded with high accuracy. Reevaluation of recorded deaths from “undetermined” causes revealed a number of definite suicides, although the “true” number of suicides is difficult to assess even after close scrutiny of the information available.
Risk factors for vasovagal reaction associated with cerebral angiography via femoral catheterisation
Authors: Yang Yunna , Zhang Zhenhai , Li Tong , Gu Zheng , Sun Yongquan 
Published: July 2017

Objective To analyse the related risk factors for vasovagal reaction associated with cerebral angiography via femoral catheterisation and discuss treatment measures and prevention and control methods. Methods The data of 3107 patients on whom cerebral angiography was performed in two high-volume interventional neuroradiology centres within 8 years were retrospectively analysed. Patients were divided into the vasovagal reaction and non-vasovagal reaction groups according to whether vasovagal reaction developed. The two groups’ clinical data were analysed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to examine vasovagal reaction-related factors. Results Of the 3107 patients included, 127 developed vasovagal reaction (4.09%). Of the 127 patients who developed vasovagal reaction, 123, three and one had vasovagal reaction after sheath removal, during cerebral angiography and upon femoral artery compression device removal, respectively. Differences in age, body mass index, sex ratios, proportions of patients with hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipemia, and adoption rate of femoral artery compression device were not statistically significant between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the vasovagal reaction group had a significantly longer preoperative fasting time ( P < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed preoperative fasting time as the only risk factor for vasovagal reaction that was associated with cerebral angiography ( P < 0.001). Conclusion Excessive fasting time before cerebral angiography is the most important risk factor for vasovagal reaction associated with cerebral angiography.
Changing Needs for Information and Support in an Online System for Parents of Children With Kidney Disease
Authors: Pinsk Maury , Nicholas David 
Published: July 2017

Background: Pediatric chronic kidney disease is psychologically, financially, and physically demanding on parents providing care. Parents often feel isolated because of the rarity of the condition, and geographic isolation often compounds this perception in Canada. Many parents seek assistance online for both information and social support. Objective: This study examines an online portal, titled “Ability Online,” which was designed to provide support and information to a diverse group of parents using chat facilities, bulletin boards, and e-mail. Specifically, we sought to identify how the technologies offered in this system related to the support and information seeking needs for parents. Secondary aims of determining possible reasons for attrition over time were explored as well. Design: Mixed methodology sequential exploratory design using the qualitative methodology of descriptive interpretation. Setting: Telephone interviews. Patients: Twenty parents of pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease from four Canadian centers who engaged in an online social support system “Ability Online.” Measurements: Interview transcripts generated from 20 taped phone conversations were reviewed from parents who engaged in the online system, and the themes derived from these transcripts served to generate semistructured interview questions that focused on their use of, and perceived benefit from, this technology for social support. Follow-up telephone interviews were then conducted with a 6-person subset of the original group in an effort to further define the impact of technology on their experience. This same smaller cohort provided data on social supports, caregiver satisfaction, and caregiver stress. Results: Many parents experience a progression through which their needs for knowledge and support change over time. Specifically, parents describe a transition from pure information seeking, to seeking parental interaction, mutual support and collaboration, and ultimately to advocacy. Parents described how technology could be used to address those needs. Limitations: Our cohort was slightly more educated and representative of more urban populations than published data reflecting the population of North American pediatric patients living with kidney disease. Conclusions: Our data suggest themes of technology use influencing the goals of online support seeking. While our findings are preliminary, further study may inform Web designers to identify the changing needs of participants in designing such online support networks, and minimize the reasons that participants fail to adopt, or terminate their online experiences.
Inverted ILM Flap Technique in a Pediatric Traumatic Macular Hole—A Case Report
Authors: Nuzzo Tommaso , Patelli Fabio , Esposito Giovanni , Colombo Leonardo , Rossetti Luca 
Published: July 2017

Purpose: To report and describe the clinical course of a pediatric traumatic macular hole (TMH) case and its management. Case Report: A pediatric patient presented a macular hole following blunt ocular trauma. The patient was followed every 2 weeks for 4 months. After the worsening of the macular hole reported by optical coherence tomography (OCT), pars plana vitrectomy with inverted flap technique plus SF6 gas tamponade was performed. Traumatic macular hole appeared closed at the OCT during follow-up. Initial visual acuity was counting finger at 30 cm. After surgery, the patient achieved a visual acuity of 20/100 at 3-month follow-up. Conclusion: This case shows a good anatomic and functional success performing a pars plana vitrectomy with inverted flap technique in a large TMH in a pediatric patient. We underline the importance of the surgical timing in the management of similar cases.