bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The acquisition of Spanish and English as two first languages through the analysis of natural interpreting in bilingual children
Authors: Fernández Fuertes Raquel , Álvarez de la Fuente Esther 
Published: May 2017

AbstractResearch on the acquisition of two first languages from birth (2L1A) has focused, among other issues, on how the grammars of the two languages being acquired interact (e.g.Bhatia & Ritchie, 2012;De Houwer, 2009;Deuchar & Quay, 2000;Döpke, 2000;Köppe & Meisel, 1995). A case in point is natural interpreting which evidences how bilingual children exposed to two languages from birth deal with the grammatical properties of the two languages and how this leads them to potentially convey the same message in either (or both) of these languages. More specifically, as part of the simultaneous processing of their two L1s, 2L1 bilingual children have been reported to often translate between their two L1s (Álvarez de la Fuente & Fernández Fuertes, 2012,2015;Cossato, 2008;Harris, 1980a,1980b;Harris & Sherwood, 1978), a phenomenon that has been called natural interpreting (Harris, 1977, 2003). In this respect, natural interpreting can be included with other language contact phenomena, such as interlinguistic influence or code-switching, as a typical defining property of 2L1A. Therefore, in this study we aim to offer an analysis of the way in which Spanish-English bilingual children use natural interpreting in their 2L1A process by focusing on the Spanish-English bilingual corpora freely available through the CHILDES project (MacWhinney, 2000).
Procesamiento fonológico y aprendizaje de la lectura en lengua extranjera
Authors: Fonseca-Mora M. Carmen , Fernández-Corbacho Analí 
Published: May 2017

Resumen
Las habilidades fonológicas han sido descritas como elementos cruciales sobre los que se apoya el aprendizaje de todo el proceso lector. El objetivo de esta investigación ha sido medir variables lingüísticas, como las destrezas fonológicas, y variables cognitivas, como la memoria de trabajo y la velocidad de procesamiento, para observar si estas variables permiten identificar alumnado de lengua extranjera con dificultades lectoras. Se administró la prueba Early Grade Reading Assessment, en español e inglés, y la prueba neuropsicológica WISC-IV de medición de memoria de trabajo y velocidad de procesamiento a niños españoles aprendientes de inglés de 7–8 años de edad. Los resultados muestran una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre las habilidades de procesamiento fonológico en lengua materna y en inglés como lengua extranjera. La evaluación de la conciencia fonológica y de la memoria de trabajo ayudan a identificar a alumnado de lengua extranjera en riesgo de tener problemas lectores.
An exploratory study of complementary contrastive discourse constructions in English
Authors: Iza Erviti Aneider 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper studies the fundamental characteristics of a subgroup of members of the family of complementary-contrastive discourse constructions in English. FollowingRuiz de Mendoza and Gómez-González (2014)by discourse constructions this article refers to form-meaning pairings capturing relational meaning such as addition, exemplification, contrast, etc. grounded in high-level cognitive models. A discourse construction (e.g.,X Let Alone Y; cf.Fillmore, Kay, & O’Connor, 1988), generally consists of a fixed part and two variables, where the fixed part is a connector (a discourse marker or a conjunction). The constructions under scrutiny indicate a relation between two elements or situations in the world that are opposites but not exclusive of each other. Many of the members of this constructional family have frequently been treated as fully interchangeable in standard lexicographic practice. By contrast, this paper argues that each of these constructions introduces small but decisive changes in focal structure, resulting in important differences in meaning. Taking this evidence into account, the paper specifies the cases where one construction is used with preference over the others.
Clasificación semántica de colocaciones verbales para la adquisición y codificación de conocimiento experto
Authors: Montero Martínez Silvia , Buendía Castro Míriam 
Published: May 2017

ResumenLos trabajos lexicográficos y terminográficos, por lo general, han favorecido el estudio de las unidades nominales en detrimento de las unidades verbales, a pesar de que los verbos son elementos claves en la transmisión de conocimiento general y experto (L’Homme, 1998). Este artículo propone una metodología de clasificación y descripción de las colocaciones verbales, de acuerdo con su significado, con la finalidad de facilitar la adquisición y codificación de conocimiento experto. La hipótesis de trabajo es que la clasificación de verbos, en dominios y subdominios léxicos, de acuerdo con el Modelo de la Gramática Léxica (Faber & Mairal Usón, 1999), y la identificación de los requisitos y restricciones de cada subdominio, de acuerdo con el tipo de argumento que activan los predicados, permitirá predecir el significado de las colocaciones verbales resultantes y establecer generalizaciones dentro de cada subdominio a través de patrones fraseológicos (Montero Martínez, 2008). Para ello, se propone una descripción de los argumentos que atienda a su categoría semántica, a los roles que activan (roles temáticos y macro-roles de la Gramática del Papel y la Referencia) (Van Valin & LaPolla, 1997;Van Valin, 2005) y a su estructura morfosintáctica. Las descripciones resultantes, ilustradas para colocaciones verbales en español del área del medio ambiente y representadas en la base de conocimientoEcoLexicon, resultarían muy valiosas en recursos lexicográficos y terminográficos destinados a la producción textual y la adquisición de conocimiento por parte del usuario.
Using quizzes to assess and enhance learning of English as a foreign language
Authors: Sánchez María Jesús , Diego Carmen , Fernández-Sánchez Alfredo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article addresses the testing effect, which refers to the increase in learning that results from taking tests (Halamish & Bjork, 2011;Karpicke & Roediger, 2008;Roediger, Agarwal, McDaniel, & McDermott, 2011). The aim was to find out, with a Pretest/Posttest design, whether quizzes can be an effective tool for learning in an EFL environment due to the repeated testing. There are numerous publications dealing with the use of quizzes with concepts from different disciplines (Bälter, Enström, & Klingenberg, 2013;McDaniel, Wildman, & Anderson, 2012); however, this research takes it a step further because it is the first time that the effect of quizzes has been experimentally verified with English modal expressions and verbs. The outcome of this research benefits foreign language teachers and supports the long-term learning with quizzes in a foreign language.
Antioxidant Responses, Neurotoxicity, and Metallothionein Gene Expression in Juvenile Korean Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii under Dietary Lead Exposure
Authors: Kim Jun-Hwan , Oh Chul Woong , Kang Ju-Chan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted to assess toxic effects of dietary lead (Pb) exposure on Korean Rockfish Sebastes schlegelii. Juvenile rockfish were used to evaluate the oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and metallothionein (MT) gene expression after dietary exposure to lead (as Pb2+; 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 mg/kg). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, a measure of oxidative stress, was substantially elevated in the livers and gills of fish given dietary Pb greater than 60 mg/kg. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the liver and gill was significantly increased by dietary Pb &gt; 60 mg/kg. A significant decrease in glutathione (GSH) level was observed in fish liver after exposure to dietary Pb &gt; 30 mg/kg and in the gill after treatment with dietary Pb &gt; 120 mg/kg. Acecyltholinesterase (AChE) was noticeably decreased in the brain by dietary Pb &gt; 120 mg/kg and in the muscle by dietary Pb &gt; 60 mg/kg. Metallothionein gene expression in the liver was stimulated significantly by the Pb exposure. Because dietary Pb exposure had a toxic effect on antioxidant responses, a neurotransmitter, and a specific immune expression in rockfish, the results of this study can be used to determine potential useful markers of Pb toxicity.
Received June 11, 2016; accepted March 10, 2017 Published online May 3, 2017
A Recombinant Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Virus Genotype IVb Glycoprotein Produced in Cabbage Looper Larvae Trichoplusia ni Elicits Antibody Response and Protection in Muskellunge
Authors: Standish Isaac , Faisal Mohamed 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The Novirhabdovirus viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotype IVb has caused serious fish kills and become endemic throughout the Great Lakes basin of North America. This is troublesome since there are no protective vaccines currently approved against this deadly disease even though recombinant technology has become increasingly common. Herein, we explored the production of a recombinant VHSV-IVb glycoprotein, believed to be important for virus infectivity, and determined its ability to elicit protection against challenge with the wild virus strain. A recombinant baculovirus containing a 5′ 6x polyhistidine tag embedded in the VHSV-IVb G gene was used to infect the larvae of the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni. A sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) of affinity-purified protein yielded apparent VHSV-IVb glycoprotein at the expected molecular weight of ~65 kDa. The recombinant protein (rG) was used successfully in coating microtiter plate wells in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and positive anti-VHSV-IVb antibodies in Muskellunge Esox masquinongy were capable of binding to both the rG and purified whole VHSV-IVb, indicating epitope resemblance. In addition, the rG elicited a protective response in Muskellunge during a VHSV-IVb immersion challenge, resulting in 80% relative percent survival. Our results demonstrate that cabbage looper larvae can serve as an excellent production system for apparently conformationally correct viral glycoprotein. The incorporation of a polyhistidine tag facilitates obtaining highly purified protein in a relatively high concentration, which has potential in the development of an efficacious subunit vaccine against this deadly virus.
Received September 11, 2016; accepted March 10, 2017 Published online May 3, 2017
The Topology of Endangered Languages
Authors: Berson Josh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFew sources exist from which to form impressions of how Indigenous Australians have made sense of the questions put to them by linguists. For one survey, conducted by Summer Institute of Linguistics linguists in 1970, we have a transcript of conversations between linguists and speakers. The linguists were asking for information about the mutual intelligibility and geographic extent of the named speech forms they had been tasked with documenting. Linguists and speakers brought to the encounter mutually incompatible visions of how linguistic variation unfolds in space. For speakers, speech-form geography was characterized by reticulation, rather than tessellation, and the mutual intelligibility of neighboring speech forms was to be characterized not in terms of basic vocabulary cognacy but in terms of histories of recurring encounters among speakers of different codes. The 1970 East Kimberley transcript makes audible speakers’ and linguists’ efforts to negotiate a shared way of talking about language.
Courting Legitimacy: Enregistering Legal Reasoning among US Criminal Trial Jurors
Authors: Culver Katherine 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article discusses how law is produced semiotically as a category of social action through a study of jury decision making and the production of jury verdicts. In the US criminal justice system, citizens called for jury duty are interpellated as jurors and instructed in legal reasoning through encounters with a variety of texts. Jurors respond to the state’s hailing by producing themselves as competent jurors who can reason according to specifically legal forms of objectivity that may diverge from their everyday assessments of facts in reaching verdicts: for example, they can find a defendant legally “not guilty” while maintaining a belief in the defendant’s guilt. In ethnographic data discussed in this article, jurors affirm their competence as legal reasoners via the “enregisterment” of a style of reasoning that they link indexically to the constitutionally enshrined ideal of “impartiality.” In so doing, jurors recontextualize a style of reasoning, grounded in a logic of a “moralized objectivity of self-restraint” (Daston and Galison 1992), entextualized in the texts used to instruct them in legal reasoning during the trial process. Tracing these processes of enregisterment illustrates how legitimacy of law is semiotically mediated.
Silence Propaganda: A Semiotic Inquiry into the Ideologies of Taciturnity
Authors: Leone Massimo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSocieties should be analyzed not only from the point of view of what they talk about but also from the point of view of what they are quiet about. Areas of silence in the semiosphere vary across cultures and history and stem from a complex interaction of historical circumstances and social agencies. Implicit norms of taciturnity are often codified into explicit legal frameworks, whose enforcement, though, substantially relies on state and government propaganda. Citizens must interiorize as a second nature the ideology of taciturnity that leads them not to share any content about certain topics. This mechanism of hegemonic silencing is macroscopically visible in times of war, when national interests solidify into specific rhetorics of taciturnity. This article is a comparative analysis of World War II silence propaganda. However, in times of relative peace both autocratic regimes and democratic states also need areas of silence and secrecy to pattern public discourse. Understanding how the creation of collective silence takes place is essential in an increasingly interconnected and global society in which limits to free disclosure and communication often give rise to tensions and conflicts.
Posting as a Form of Storytelling: The Sociolinguistic Analysis of a Sample of Pregnancy Narratives on Facebook
Authors: Massa Eleonora , Simeoni Valentina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBased on the cultural and linguistic analysis of a sample of posts written on Facebook by twenty Italian mothers-to-be, this article discusses the practice of online posting as a form of storytelling, this being considered one of the privileged human ways of processing and assigning a meaning to experiences by weaving them into plots and formulas. Facebook is defined as a narrative device that promotes not only the production of user-generated content but also its framing according to typical narrative patterns. Pregnancy is a beloved theme on Facebook because it lends itself to a reiterated formulation in the form of a personal story. Developed against the specific background of the Italian sociocultural context, a narratological consideration of the sample identifies the most recurrent plots through which pregnant women shape and share the phases of their experience, stressing both their similarities to, and differences from, offline stories of pregnancy. A closer look at the semiotic and rhetorical dimension of the posts finally allows us to explore the continuous interplay between verbal and visual codes and the semantic fields exploited to tell about pregnancy on Facebook. The combination of these two analytical perspectives in the study of online pregnancy narratives constitutes the theoretical and methodological purpose of this article.
Languages in Contact, Cultures in Contact: Verbal and Iconic Visual Signs in Mother Tongue and Culture as Mediators in Teaching English as a Foreign Language
Authors: Zafiri Makrina , Kourdis Evangelos 
Published: May 2017

AbstractInterlingual translation, intersemiotic translation, and mediation seem to be the main means by which students who are learning English as a foreign language in Greece connect the learning of English as a foreign language and Greek as a mother tongue. This research probes into the teaching of English in Greek state schools and more specifically the teaching of English, as a foreign language, in the first year of junior high school. The research attempts to evaluate the authors’ choices of visual iconic messages that promote the Greek culture and language, the students’ mother tongue, as a means of mediation—mostly through interlingual translation—to familiarize them with the target language and culture, namely, the English language and culture. The fact that the visual iconic and verbal signs under scrutiny are all derived from a textbook published by the Greek Ministry of Education, Research and Religious Affairs gives more significance to the specific signs (thus legitimizing them).
Antihypertensive Adherence Trajectories Among Older Adults in the First Year After Initiation of Therapy
Authors: Hargrove Jennifer L , Pate Virginia , Casteel Carri H , Golightly Yvonne M , Loehr Laura R , Marshall Stephen W , Stürmer Til 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Adherence to antihypertensives is suboptimal, but previous methods of quantifying adherence fail to account for varying patterns of use over time. We sought to improve classification of antihypertensive adherence using group-based trajectory models, and to determine whether individual factors predict adherence trajectories.

METHODS
We identified older adults initiating antihypertensive therapy during 2008–2011 using a 20% sample of Medicare (federal health insurance available to US residents over the age of 65) beneficiaries enrolled in parts A (inpatient services), B (outpatient services), and D (prescription medication). We developed monthly adherence indicators using prescription fill dates and days supply data in the 12 months following initiation. Adherence was defined as having at least 80% of days covered. Logistic models were used to identify trajectory groups. Bayesian information criterion and trajectory group size were used to select the optimal trajectory model. We compared the distribution of covariates across trajectory groups using multivariable logistic regression.

RESULTS
During 2008–2011, 282,520 Medicare beneficiaries initiated antihypertensive therapy (mean age 75 years, 60% women, 84% White). Six trajectories were identified ranging from perfect adherence (12-month adherence of 0.97, 40% of beneficiaries) to immediate stopping (12-month adherence of 0.10, 18% of beneficiaries). The strongest predictors of nonadherence were initiation with a single antihypertensive class (adjusted odds ratio = 2.08 (95% confidence interval: 2.00–2.13)), Hispanic (2.93 (2.75–3.11)) or Black race/ethnicity (2.04 (1.95–2.13)), and no prior history of hypertension (2.04 (2.00–2.08)) (Area under the receiving operating characteristic curve: 0.53).

CONCLUSIONS
There is substantial variation in antihypertensive adherence among older adults. Certain patient characteristics are likely determinants of antihypertensive adherence trajectories.
Exploring spatially adjacent TFBS-clustered regions with Hi-C data
Authors: Chen Hebing , Jiang Shuai , Zhang Zhuo , Li Hao , Lu Yiming , Bo Xiaochen 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) are clustered in the human genome, forming the TFBS-clustered regions that regulate gene transcription, which requires dynamic chromatin configurations between promoters and distal regulatory elements. Here, we propose a regulatory model called spatially adjacent TFBS-clustered regions (SATs), in which TFBS-clustered regions are connected by spatial proximity as identified by high-resolution Hi-C data.

Results
TFBS-clustered regions forming SATs appeared less frequently in gene promoters than did isolated TFBS-clustered regions, whereas SATs as a whole appeared more frequently. These observations indicate that multiple distal TFBS-clustered regions combined to form SATs to regulate genes. Further examination confirmed that a substantial portion of genes regulated by SATs were located between the paired TFBS-clustered regions instead of the downstream. We reconstructed the chromosomal conformation of the H1 human embryonic stem cell line using the ShRec3D algorithm and proposed the SAT regulatory model.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
modlAMP: Python for antimicrobial peptides
Authors: Müller Alex T , Gabernet Gisela , Hiss Jan A , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Summary
We have implemented the molecular design laboratory’s antimicrobial peptides package (modlAMP), a Python-based software package for the design, classification and visual representation of peptide data. modlAMP offers functions for molecular descriptor calculation and the retrieval of amino acid sequences from public or local sequence databases, and provides instant access to precompiled datasets for machine learning. The package also contains methods for the analysis and representation of circular dichroism spectra.

Availability and Implementation
The modlAMP Python package is available under the BSD license from URL http://doi.org/10.5905/ethz-1007-72 or via pip from the Python Package Index (PyPI).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
KMC 3: counting and manipulating k-mer statistics
Authors: Kokot Marek , Długosz Maciej , Deorowicz Sebastian 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Summary
Counting all k-mers in a given dataset is a standard procedure in many bioinformatics applications. We introduce KMC3, a significant improvement of the former KMC2 algorithm together with KMC tools for manipulating k-mer databases. Usefulness of the tools is shown on a few real problems.

Availability and implementation
Program is freely available at http://sun.aei.polsl.pl/REFRESH/kmc.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.