bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulated effects of home fortification of complementary foods with micronutrient powders on risk of inadequate and excessive intakes in West Gojjam, Ethiopia
Authors: Abebe Zeweter , Haki Gulelat Desse , Baye Kaleab 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHome fortification of complementary foods (CFs) with multiple micronutrient powders (MNPs) is being scaled up in various countries, but little is known about the prevailing complementary feeding practices and the type and nutrient gaps to be filled with MNPs. The present study evaluated the complementary feeding practices of young children and simulated the risk of inadequate and excessive intakes associated with home fortification with MNPs. We have assessed the sociodemographic status, anthropometry, and complementary feeding practices of young children (N = 122) in Mecha district, rural Ethiopia. Using a 2‐day, quantitative 24‐hr recall, usual intakes of energy, protein, iron, zinc, and calcium were estimated. The risks of inadequate and excessive iron and zinc intakes with or without home fortification scenarios were assessed. The simulations considered intakes from CFs assuming average breast milk contributions and additional nutrients provided by the MNPs. Stunting was highly prevalent (50%) and was associated with a lower dietary diversity (P = .009) and nutrient intakes from the CFs. Median energy, zinc, and calcium intakes were below the estimated needs from CFs; protein needs were met. Median dietary iron intake appeared adequate, but 76%, 95% CI [68%, 84%], of children had inadequate intake (assuming low bioavailability), whereas another 8%, 95% CI: [3%, 13%], had excessive intakes. Simulation of daily and alternative day's fortification with MNP decreased the prevalence of inadequate iron and zinc intake but significantly increased the risk of excessive intakes that remained unacceptably high for iron (>2.5%). Untargeted MNP interventions may lead to excessive intakes, even in settings where poor complementary feeding practices are prevalent.
Evolutionary ecology of opsin gene sequence, expression and repertoire
Authors: Owens Gregory L. , Rennison Diana J. 
Published: March 2017

Linking molecular evolution to biological function is a long‐standing challenge in evolutionary biology. Some of the best examples of this involve opsins, the genes that encode the molecular basis of light reception. In this issue of Molecular Ecology, three studies examine opsin gene sequence, expression and repertoire to determine how natural selection has shaped the visual system. First, Escobar‐Camacho et al. () use opsin repertoire and expression in three Amazonian cichlid species to show that a shift in sensitivity towards longer wavelengths is coincident with the long‐wavelength‐dominated Amazon basin. Second, Stieb et al. () explore opsin sequence and expression in reef‐dwelling damselfish and find that UV‐ and long‐wavelength vision are both important, but likely for different ecological functions. Lastly, Suvorov et al. () study an expansive opsin repertoire in the insect order Odonata and find evidence that copy number expansion is consistent with the permanent heterozygote model of gene duplication. Together these studies emphasize the utility of opsin genes for studying both the local adaptation of sensory systems and, more generally, gene family evolution.
A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study to assess the effect of a probiotic mixture on symptoms and inflammatory markers in women with diarrhea‐predominant IBS
Authors: Hod K. , Sperber A. D. , Ron Y. , Boaz M. , Dickman R. , Berliner S. , Halpern Z. , Maharshak N. , Dekel R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundMicro‐inflammation is considered an element in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). High‐sensitivity C reactive protein (hs‐CRP) was previously shown to be higher in IBS compared to healthy controls, albeit within the normal range. Since probiotics may suppress micro‐inflammation in the gut, we tested if they reduce symptoms and inflammatory markers (hs‐CRP and fecal calprotectin (FC) in diarrhea‐predominant IBS (IBS‐D). The aim of this study was to assess the clinical and laboratory effects of BIO‐25, a multispecies probiotic, in women with IBS‐D.MethodsA double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Following a 2‐week run‐in, eligible women were assigned at random to a probiotic capsule or an indistinguishable placebo, twice daily for 8 weeks. IBS symptoms and stool consistency were rated daily by Visual Analogue Scales (VAS) and the Bristol Stool Scale (BSS). High‐sensitivity C reactive protein was tested at baseline, 4 and 8 weeks. FC was tested at baseline and 8 weeks.Key ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐two IBS‐D patients were recruited and 107 eligible patients were allocated to the intervention (n=54) or placebo (n=53) group. All symptoms improved in both groups with no significant difference between them in symptom improvement, hs‐CRP or FC levels.Conclusions & InferencesAn 8‐week treatment with BIO‐25 improved symptoms in women with IBS‐D, but was not superior to placebo. This rigorously designed and executed study supports the findings of other studies that did not demonstrate superiority of probiotics over placebo in IBS. High quality clinical studies are necessary to examine the efficacy of other specific probiotics in IBS‐D patients since data are still conflicting.
Exchange rate misalignments and the external balance under a pegged currency system
Authors: Gnimassoun Blaise 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes the link between the exchange rate misalignments and the external balance under a pegged currency system focusing on the former French colonies of Africa (the CFA zone). Having discussed and chosen an appropriate analytical framework, it addresses the issue of model uncertainty regarding the equilibrium exchange rate model before estimating currency misalignments. The results show that misalignments have a negative and asymmetric impact on the current account. While overvaluation of the CFA franc deteriorates the current account, undervaluation does not improve it. Finally, our results highlight that the export concentration tends to exacerbate the overall negative impact of currency misalignments.
Hegemonic masculinity versus a caring masculinity: Implications for understanding primary caregiving fathers
Authors: Hunter Sarah C. , Riggs Damien W. , Augoustinos Martha 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecently, there has been a growing interest in what is positioned as a new form of masculinity arising from the increase in fathers as primary caregivers. This new form is referred to as a “caring masculinity” and is theorised as a radical shift away from traditional or hegemonic forms of masculinity. This paper critically examines the fathering literature, focusing specifically on how primary caregiving fathers navigate social norms with regard to masculinity. The paper concludes that there is a complex interplay between expectations of a traditional, provider father and a new and involved father. It is argued that ideas surrounding a caring masculinity are better understood as a broadening of hegemonic masculinity, rather than an entirely new or distinct form.
Toward understanding understanding: The importance of feeling understood in relationships
Authors: Reis Harry T. , Lemay Edward P. , Finkenauer Catrin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPeople want to be understood by others, yet their perceptions of being understood are only modestly related to actually being understood by others. In this article, we provide an integrative theoretical model and review of research on the processes that contribute to feeling understood and misunderstood by others. The model highlights situational, dispositional, and relational factors that influence feeling understood and underscores the importance of feeling understood for relationship and personal well‐being. We also clarify definitional and measurement issues that have impeded progress in prior research.
Examination of wound healing after curettage by multiphoton tomography of human skin in vivo
Authors: Springer S. , Zieger M. , Böttcher A. , Lademann J. , Kaatz M. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe multiphoton tomography (MPT) has evolved into a useful tool for the non‐invasive investigation of morphological and biophysical characteristics of human skin in vivo. Until now, changes of the skin have been evaluated mainly by using clinical and histological techniques. In this study, the progress of wound healing was investigated by MPT over 3 weeks with a final examination after 24 months. Especially, the collagen degradation, reepithelization and tissue formation were examined. As specific parameter for wound healing and its course the second‐harmonic generation‐to‐autofluorescence aging index of dermis (SAAID) was used.MethodsAbout 10 volunteers aged between 25 and 58 years were examined. Acute wounds were scanned with three Z‐stacks taken per visit. The stacks were taken up to a depth of 225 μm at increments of 5 μm and a scan time for 3 seconds per scan. Subsequently, the SAAID was evaluated as an indicator for wound healing. Furthermore, single scans were taken for morphological investigations.ResultsThe evaluation revealed a distinct difference in the SAAID behavior between the Z‐stacks taken at each visit. Furthermore, the degradation of collagen and cells and their reappearance could be shown in the course of the visits.ConclusionsClear differences in the curve behavior of the SAAID at every visit were shown in this study. The SAAID curves and morphological images could be correlated with findings of the clinical examination of different wound healing phases. Therefore, SAAID curves and morphological MPT imaging could provide a non‐invasive tool for the determination of wound healing phases in patients in vivo.
Liver transplantation for fulminant genotype 2a/c hepatitis C virus marked by a rapid recurrence followed by cure
Authors: Tracy Brett , Shrestha Roshan , Stein Lance , Bhasin Devina , Pollinger Harrison , Rubin Raymond A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough chronic hepatitis C is still the leading indication for liver transplantation (LT) in the United States and Europe, acute liver failure caused by hepatitis C is distinctly uncommon and transplantation for fulminant hepatitis C virus (HCV) has not been documented in the United States. We present a case report of fulminant hepatic failure caused by genotype 2a/c HCV not only treated with LT but also complicated by severe, rapid recurrence of HCV within 6 days of transplantation. The risk factor for the initial infection was likely sexual, and there were no explanations for acute hepatitis post‐transplant other than recurrent hepatitis C. Treatment with all‐oral direct antiviral agents was swiftly initiated during the index hospitalization, leading to resolution of the acute hepatitis and resulting in sustained virologic response. It can only be speculated whether this was an infection with the JFH‐1 strain or another similarly virulent genotype 2a/c HCV infection.
Identification and characterization of inhibitors of UDP‐glucose and UDP‐sugar pyrophosphorylases for in vivo studies
Authors: Decker Daniel , Öberg Christopher , Kleczkowski Leszek A. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryUDP‐sugars serve as ultimate precursors in hundreds of glycosylation reactions (e.g. for protein and lipid glycosylation, synthesis of sucrose, cell wall polysaccharides, etc.), underlying an important role of UDP‐sugar‐producing enzymes in cellular metabolism. However, genetic studies on mechanisms of UDP‐sugar formation were frequently hampered by reproductive impairment of the resulting mutants, making it difficult to assess an in vivo role of a given enzyme. Here, a chemical library containing 17 500 compounds was separately screened against purified UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) and UDP‐sugar pyrophosphorylase (USPase), both enzymes representing the primary mechanisms of UDP‐sugar formation. Several compounds have been identified which, at 50 μm, exerted at least 50% inhibition of the pyrophosphorylase activity. In all cases, both UGPase and USPase activities were inhibited, probably reflecting common structural features of active sites of these enzymes. One of these compounds (cmp #6), a salicylamide derivative, was found as effective inhibitor of Arabidopsis pollen germination and Arabidopsis cell culture growth. Hit optimization on cmp #6 yielded two analogs (cmp #6D and cmp #6D2), which acted as uncompetitive inhibitors against both UGPase and USPase, and were strong inhibitors in the pollen test, with apparent inhibition constants of less than 1 μm. Their effects on pollen germination were relieved by addition of UDP‐glucose and UDP‐galactose, suggesting that the inhibitors targeted UDP‐sugar formation. The results suggest that cmp #6 and its analogs may represent useful tools to study in vivo roles of the pyrophosphorylases, helping to overcome the limitations of genetic approaches.
Hemostatic abnormalities in dogs with naturally occurring heatstroke
Authors: Bruchim Yaron , Kelmer Efrat , Cohen Adar , Codner Carolina , Segev Gilad , Aroch Itamar 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate hemostatic analyte abnormalities and their association with mortality in dogs with naturally occurring heatstroke.DesignProspective observational study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsThirty client‐owned dogs with naturally occurring heatstroke.InterventionsNone.Measurements and Main ResultsCitrated and EDTA blood samples were collected at presentation and at 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours postpresentation (PP). Hemostatic tests performed included platelet count, prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times (PT and aPTT, respectively), antithrombin activity (ATA), total protein C activity (tPCA), fibrinogen, and D‐dimer concentrations. The overall survival rate was 60% (18/30 dogs). Older age, higher heart rate and rectal temperature at presentation, and time from onset of clinical signs to presentation were significantly associated with mortality. Hemostatic analytes at presentation were not associated with mortality. Prolonged PT and aPTT at 12–24 hours PP, lower tPCA at 12 hours PP, and hypofibrinogenemia at 24 hours PP were significantly (P< 0.05) associated with mortality. Increased D‐dimer concentration and low ATA were common at all time points, but were not associated with mortality. The frequency of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) increased in nonsurvivors throughout hospitalization, but the development of DIC was not associated with mortality. The number of abnormal coagulation disturbances during the first 24 hours was significantly higher in nonsurvivors (P= 0.04).ConclusionsHemostatic derangements are common in dogs with naturally occurring heatstroke. Alterations in PT, aPTT, tPCA, and fibrinogen concentrations appear to be associated with the outcome at 12–24 hours PP, exemplifying the need for serial measurement of multiple laboratory hemostatic tests during hospitalization, even when within reference interval on presentation. The development of DIC, as defined in this cohort, was not associated with mortality; however, nonsurvivors had significantly more coagulation abnormalities during the first 24 hours PP.
Effect of storage time of platelet products on clinical outcomes after transfusion: a systematic review and meta‐analyses
Authors: Kreuger A. L. , Caram‐Deelder C. , Jacobse J. , Kerkhoffs J.‐L. , van der Bom J. G. , Middelburg R. A. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundProlonged storage improves availability of platelet products but could also influence safety and efficacy. This systematic review and meta‐analyses summarize and quantify the evidence of the effect of storage time of transfused platelets on clinical outcomes.MethodsA systematic search in seven databases was performed up to February 2016. All studies reporting storage time of platelet products and clinical outcomes were included. To quantify heterogeneity, I² was calculated, and to assess publication bias, funnel plots were constructed.ResultsTwenty‐three studies reported safety outcomes and fifteen efficacy outcomes. The relative risk of a transfusion reaction after old platelets compared to fresh platelets was 1·53 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1·04–2·25) (12 studies). This was 2·05 (CI:1·47–2·85) before and 1·05 (CI: 0·60–1·84) after implementation of universal leucoreduction. The relative risk of bleeding was 1·13 (CI: 0·97–1·32) for old platelets compared to fresh (five studies). The transfusion interval was 0·25 days (CI: 0·13; 0·38) shorter after transfusion of old platelets (four studies). Three studies reported use of platelet products: two for haematological patients and one for trauma patients. Selecting only studies in haematological patients, the difference was 4·51 units (CI: 1·92; 7·11).ConclusionOld platelets increase the risk of transfusion reactions in the setting of non‐leucoreduction, shorten platelet transfusion intervals, thereby increase the numbers of platelet transfusions in haematological patients, and may increase the risk of bleeding.
Safety and collection efficiency with a lower transfusion threshold for extracorporeal photopheresis in adult patients with graft‐versus‐host disease
Authors: Liu C. , Schindler E. , LeRoy M. , Martin‐Bredahl K. , Dino M. , Shah K. , Dynis M. , Eby C. S. , Grossman B. J. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundExtracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an established treatment for graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD). Various haematocrit thresholds have been used to trigger red blood cells transfusion prior to ECP. Moderate‐to‐severe GVHD is frequently complicated by anaemia; the safety and collection efficiency with a lower haematocrit for ECP is unknown.MethodsWe prospectively enrolled 26 consecutive adult GVHD patients with haematocrits between 25% and 28·9% who received ECP on the CELLEX system. Preprocedural transfusion was withheld. We monitored the adverse events and transfusions avoided. A complete blood cell count with differential was performed on preprocedural peripheral blood and buffy coat collected. Lymphocyte fold enrichment (LFE) was compared between this cohort and two historical control groups with haematocrits of 29% or higher.ResultsRed Blood Cells transfusion was avoided in the lower‐haematocrit cohort without adverse events. The median LFE was 4·5 (95%CI, 3·1–5·7) in the lower‐haematocrit cohort and 5·2 (95%CI, 4·1–6·5) in the higher‐haematocrit CELLEX‐treated control group. The median difference was 0·7 (95%CI, −0·3 to 2·0, P = 0·14). It could not be established that the lower‐haematocrit cohort was non‐inferior to the higher‐haematocrit control group with a prespecified non‐inferiority margin of 1·3. However, LFE was significantly higher in the lower‐haematocrit cohort than the higher‐haematocrit UVAR XTS‐treated control group (P < 0·01).ConclusionBuffy coat can be collected for ECP using CELLEX in GVHD patients with a haematocrit of 25% or higher, with a collection efficiency superior to that in patients with higher haematocrits but treated using UVAR XTS. No increase in adverse events was observed at these lower haematocrits.
Height pairings on orthogonal Shimura varieties
Authors: Andreatta Fabrizio , Goren Eyal Z. , Howard Benjamin , Madapusi Pera Keerthi 
Published: March 2017

Let $M$ be the Shimura variety associated to the group of spinor similitudes of a quadratic space over $\mathbb{Q}$ of signature $(n,2)$. We prove a conjecture of Bruinier and Yang, relating the arithmetic intersection multiplicities of special divisors and complex multiplication points on $M$ to the central derivatives of certain $L$-functions. Each such $L$-function is the Rankin–Selberg convolution associated with a cusp form of half-integral weight $n/2+1$, and the weight $n/2$ theta series of a positive definite quadratic space of rank $n$. When $n=1$ the Shimura variety $M$ is a classical quaternionic Shimura curve, and our result is a variant of the Gross–Zagier theorem on heights of Heegner points.
Teachers and Students’ Perceptions of a Hybrid Sport Education and Teaching for Personal and Social Responsibility Learning Unit
Authors: Fernandez-Rio Javier , Menendez-Santurio Jose Ignacio 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to assess students and teachers’ perceptions concerning their participation in an educational kickboxing learning unit based on a hybridization of two pedagogical models: Sport Education and Teaching for Personal and Social Responsibility.Method:Seventy-one students and three physical education teachers agreed to participate. Several instruments were used to collect data: (a) an open-ended question, (b) Photovoice, (c) teacher and external observers’ diaries, and (d) semistructured interviews. MAXQDA 11 software was used to assist with data management, with all participants’ answers being analyzed via thematic content analysis.Results:Analysis of the data produced 11 themes, three considered strong: responsibility, learning and roles, five considered moderate: enjoyment, teaching, competition, cooperation and novelty, and three considered weak: friendship, affiliation and transfer.Conclusion:These findings indicated that the hybridization of the two pedagogical models seems to help increase both social and personal responsibility and to provide students with meaningful sporting experiences.
A Reverse Genetics Platform That Spans the Zika Virus Family Tree
Authors: Widman Douglas G. , Young Ellen , Yount Boyd L. , Plante Kenneth S. , Gallichotte Emily N. , Carbaugh Derek L. , Peck Kayla M. , Plante Jessica , Swanstrom Jesica , Heise Mark T. , Lazear Helen M. , Baric Ralph S. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus discovered in 1947, has only recently caused large outbreaks and emerged as a significant human pathogen. In 2015, ZIKV was detected in Brazil, and the resulting epidemic has spread throughout the Western Hemisphere. Severe complications from ZIKV infection include neurological disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and a variety of fetal abnormalities, including microcephaly, blindness, placental insufficiency, and fetal demise. There is an urgent need for tools and reagents to study the pathogenesis of epidemic ZIKV and for testing vaccines and antivirals. Using a reverse genetics platform, we generated six ZIKV infectious clones and derivative viruses representing diverse temporal and geographic origins. These include three versions of MR766, the prototype 1947 strain (with and without a glycosylation site in the envelope protein), and H/PF/2013, a 2013 human isolate from French Polynesia representative of the virus introduced to Brazil. In the course of synthesizing a clone of a circulating Brazilian strain, phylogenetic studies identified two distinct ZIKV clades in Brazil. We reconstructed viable clones of strains SPH2015 and BeH819015, representing ancestral members of each clade. We assessed recombinant virus replication, binding to monoclonal antibodies, and virulence in mice. This panel of molecular clones and recombinant virus isolates will enable targeted studies of viral determinants of pathogenesis, adaptation, and evolution, as well as the rational attenuation of contemporary outbreak strains to facilitate the design of vaccines and therapeutics.

IMPORTANCE
Viral emergence is a poorly understood process as evidenced by the sudden emergence of Zika virus in Latin America and the Caribbean. Malleable reagents that both predate and span an expanding epidemic are key to understanding the virologic determinants that regulate pathogenesis and transmission. We have generated representative cDNA molecular clones and recombinant viruses that span the known ZIKV family tree, including early Brazilian isolates. Recombinant viruses replicated efficiently in cell culture and were pathogenic in immunodeficient mice, providing a genetic platform for rational vaccine and therapeutic design.