bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Naturalistic, Randomized Pilot Trial of E-Cigarettes: Uptake, Exposure, and Behavioral Effects
Authors: Carpenter Matthew J. , Heckman Bryan W. , Wahlquist Amy E. , Wagener Theodore L. , Goniewicz Maciej L. , Gray Kevin M. , Froeliger Brett , Cummings K. Michael 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Background: Most studies of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) compare self-selected users versus nonusers. The few randomized studies to date generally support a positive impact on reducing smoking behavior, but these studies are focused on guided ENDS use. This study presents a randomized, naturalistic trial of ENDS with prospective outcomes of uptake and behavioral changes in smoking.
Methods: Adult smokers with minimal ENDS history were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive product for 3 weeks (n = 46), or not (n = 22). Changes in nicotine delivery (16 vs. 24 mg), midway through the study allowed a compelling opportunity to examine two ENDS products compared with the control group. Primary outcomes, assessed via daily diaries during sampling period and in-person laboratory visits over 4 months, included uptake and usage of ENDS, cessation-related outcomes, and exposure to smoke constituents.
Results: All ENDS participants tried product at least once, with 48% of 24 mg and 30% of 16 mg using their assigned product for the entire sampling period. Within the 24 mg ENDs group, 57% made an independent purchase of ENDS, versus 28% of 16 mg, and 14% of control participants (P = 0.01). Smokers in both ENDS groups significantly reduced their smoking, whereas control participants did not (P = 0.03). Cessation behaviors (quit attempts, biologically verified abstinence) numerically but not statistically favored ENDS participants.
Conclusions: Results suggest that cigarette smokers are willing to use ENDS with trends toward reduced cigarette smoking and positive changes in cessation-related behaviors.
Impact: Randomized, naturalistic trials such as presented herein are needed to understand the population impact of e-cigarettes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(12); 1795–803. ©2017 AACR.
Eligibility for PCSK9 Inhibitors According to American College of Cardiology (ACC) and European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC/EAS) Guidelines After Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Gencer Baris , Koskinas Konstantinos C. , Räber Lorenz , Karagiannis Alexios , Nanchen David , Auer Reto , Carballo David , Carballo Sebastian , Klingenberg Roland , Heg Dik , Matter Christian M. , Lüscher Thomas F. , Rodondi Nicolas , Mach François , Windecker Stephan 
Published: November 2017

Background

The American College of Cardiology (ACC) and European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society (ESC/EAS) have recently published recommendations for the use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin‐9 (
PCSK
9) inhibitors in situations of very high risk. We aim to assess in the real world the suitability of
PCSK
9 inhibitors for acute coronary syndromes.

Methods and Results

We analyzed a prospective Swiss cohort of 2023 patients hospitalized for acute coronary syndromes between 2009 and 2014 with available data for low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipid‐lowering therapy at 1 year. Clinical familial hypercholesterolemia was defined using the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network algorithm as unlikely, possible, probable, or definite. We simulated a fixed relative reduction of 24% in low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at 1 year in all patients not treated with ezetimibe, irrespective of the low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and statin regimen. At 1 year, 94.3% of patients were treated with statin, 5.8% with ezetimibe, and 35.8% of patients had on‐target low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (<1.8 mmol/L); 25.6% met criteria for possible or probable/definite familial hypercholesterolemia. After a simulation of the lipid‐lowering effect of ezetimibe, the proportion of patients who would be eligible for
PCSK
9 inhibitors at 1 year was 13.4% using American College of Cardiology criteria and 2.7% using European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society criteria. Patients with possible or probable/definite familial hypercholesterolemia were more eligible for
PCSK
9 inhibitors compared with their non–familial hypercholesterolemia counterparts: 27.6% versus 8.8% according to American College of Cardiology criteria and 6.6% versus 1.8% according to European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society criteria (
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Recommendations made by the American College of Cardiology guidelines would lead to 5‐fold higher eligibility rates for
PCSK
9 inhibitors compared to the European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society consensus statement in acute coronary syndrome patients.
Nebivolol, But Not Metoprolol, Treatment Improves Endothelial Fibrinolytic Capacity in Adults With Elevated Blood Pressure
Authors: Stauffer Brian L. , Dow Caitlin A. , Diehl Kyle J. , Bammert Tyler D. , Greiner Jared J. , DeSouza Christopher A. 
Published: November 2017

Background

Vascular endothelial fibrinolytic function is impaired in adults with prehypertension and hypertension and plays a mechanistic role in the development of atherothrombotic events. The influence of β‐blockers on endothelial fibrinolysis is unknown. This study compared the effects of chronic nebivolol and metoprolol treatment on endothelial tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐
PA
) release in adults with elevated blood pressure (BP).

Methods and Results

Forty‐four middle‐aged adults (36% women) with elevated BP completed a 3‐month, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial comparing nebivolol (5 mg/d), metoprolol succinate (100 mg/d), and placebo. Net endothelial t‐
PA
release was determined in vivo in response to intrabrachial infusions of bradykinin and sodium nitroprusside before and after each intervention. In a subset, the dose‐response curves to bradykinin and sodium nitroprusside were repeated with a coinfusion of the antioxidant vitamin C. At baseline, resting BP and endothelial t‐
PA
release were comparable between the 3 groups. BP decreased to a similar extent (≈10 mm Hg) in the nebivolol‐ and metoprolol‐treated groups. There was a substantial increase (≈30%;
P
<0.05) in the capacity of the endothelium to release t‐
PA
following chronic treatment with nebivolol but not metoprolol or placebo. Mitigating oxidant stress with vitamin C coinfusion potentiated t‐
PA
release (90%;
P
<0.05) at baseline in all groups. However, after the intervention, t‐
PA
release was unchanged by vitamin C coinfusion in the nebivolol group only.

Conclusions

Nebivolol but not metoprolol improves endothelial t‐
PA
release in adults with elevated BP. This may be an important vascular benefit of nebivolol.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01595516.
Bleeding Complications in Anticoagulated Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Sepsis: A Propensity‐Weighted Cohort Study
Authors: Søgaard Mette , Skjøth Flemming , Kjældgaard Jette Nordstrøm , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Larsen Torben Bjerregaard 
Published: November 2017

Background

Sepsis may adversely affect bleeding risk in anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation (
AF
), but the impact of warfarin treatment in such patients is poorly described. This registry‐based nationwide cohort study examined safety of oral anticoagulant treatment (OAC) in patients with preexisting
AF
who were hospitalized because of incident sepsis in the period 2000–2015.

Methods and Results

We identified 3030
AF
patients who were warfarin users at the time of sepsis diagnosis, and we used inverse probability of treatment weighting to compare the rates of bleeding, thromboembolic events, and death within 90 days after sepsis diagnosis with a comparable cohort of 55721 patients without warfarin treatment and known
AF
. Weighted 90‐day bleeding rates were slightly higher among warfarin users compared with nonusers (0.14 versus 0.12 per 100 person‐years), yielding a weighted hazard ratio of 1.19 (95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.41). Thromboembolic event rates during the 90‐days after sepsis were marginally higher among warfarin users versus nonusers (0.04 versus 0.03; hazard ratio: 1.25, 95% confidence interval, 0.89–1.76), while the 90‐day all‐cause mortality was substantially lower among warfarin users (hazard ratio: 0.64, 95% confidence interval, 0.58–0.69). Various sensitivity analyses conducted to challenge the robustness these findings yielded results that were consistent with the main findings.

Conclusions

AF
patients who are on warfarin therapy at sepsis diagnosis experienced an increase in bleeding rates within the 3 months following sepsis. Warfarin use was associated with lower mortality, despite virtually comparable thromboembolic event rates.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Outcome After Thrombolysis in Stroke Patients Using Selective Serotonin-Reuptake Inhibitors
Authors: Scheitz Jan F. , Turc Guillaume , Kujala Linda , Polymeris Alexandros A. , Heldner Mirjam R. , Zonneveld Thomas P. , Erdur Hebun , Curtze Sami , Traenka Christopher , Brenière Céline , Wiest Roland , Rocco Andrea , Sibolt Gerli , Gensicke Henrik , Endres Matthias , Martinez-Majander Nicolas , Béjot Yannick , Nederkoorn Paul J. , Oppenheim Catherine , Arnold Marcel , Engelter Stefan T. , Strbian Daniel , Nolte Christian H. 
Published: November 2017

Background and Purpose—
Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) impair platelet function and have been linked to a higher risk of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage—an association that may be augmented by oral anticoagulants (OAC). We aimed to assess whether preadmission treatment with SSRIs in patients with acute ischemic stroke is associated with post-thrombolysis symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) and functional outcome.

Methods—
A multicenter retrospective analysis was conducted in prospective registries of patients treated by thrombolysis within 4.5 hours of stroke onset. The association between preadmission treatment with SSRIs and sICH (ECASS II definition [European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study]) or unfavorable 3-month outcome (modified Rankin Scale >2) was assessed by logistic regression, taking into account potential interaction with concomitant use of antithrombotics.

Results—

Six thousand two hundred forty-two patients were included (mean age, 70.1±14.0 years; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, 9 [5–16]). Preadmission treatment with SSRIs was present in 4.3% (n=266) of patients. Overall, SICH rate was 3.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5%–4.4%; n=244), and SSRI use was not significantly associated with sICH in unadjusted (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% CI, 0.72–2.27) or adjusted (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 0.71–2.40) analysis. However, there was a significant interaction of concomitant use of OACs (international normalized ratio <1.7) and SSRI for occurrence of sICH (
P
=0.01). SICH was significantly more frequent in patients taking both OAC and SSRI (23.1%; 95% CI, 8.2%–50.3%) than in patients taking OAC but not SSRI (adjusted OR, 9.04; 95% CI, 1.95–41.89). Preadmission use of SSRI was associated with unfavorable 3-month outcome (unadjusted OR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.48–2.46; adjusted OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.15–2.19).

Conclusions—
Preadmission treatment with SSRIs was not significantly associated with an increased risk of post-thrombolysis sICH in this cohort study. However, subgroup analysis suggested an increased risk of sICH in patients taking both SSRI and OAC. Preadmission treatment with SSRIs was associated with unfavorable outcome, which may reflect the prognostic significance of prestroke depression.
Reading The Idea of History through The Principles of Art: Collingwood on Communication and Emotions
Authors: Mostajir Parysa Clare 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
While Collingwood’s Idea of History (ih) is an excellent resource for defending history’s autonomy, its invocation is not without problems. If history deals only in reflective thought, how can it encompass irrational action? How can history reconcile its subjective method of imagination with its claim to objectivity? The most successful solutions to these problems, such as those proposed by D’Oro and Mink, appeal to Collingwood’s greater philosophical system, but they typically attribute him a restrictive and unintuitive view of historical inquiry. We are left with a historical practice that is less equipped to address the problems we intuitively want it to solve – those dealing with past human experience as it actually occurred. Using The Principles of Art (pa), I present an interpretation of Collingwood’s philosophy of history in which emotions are communicable between individuals. His theory of art defines artistic creation as a process in which unconscious emotions are harnessed and transformed into conscious emotions, which can then draw another individual into an imaginative experience that ‘repeats’ or ‘is identical with’ the artist’s original experience. We therefore acquire an account of historical inquiry that permits the interpretation of emotionally-driven actions. In this interpretation, the a priori imagination becomes an irreducible faculty of everyday human activity, a means of interpreting fellow agents in our social environments; and the onus is transferred to the natural sciences to justify their encroachment into this irreducible activity at the foundation of human experience and society.
Teaching teachers: Methods and experiences used in educating doctoral students to prepare preservice music educators
Authors: Kelly Steven N. , VanWeelden Kimberly 
Published: November 2017

This investigation addressed methods and experiences used to educate doctoral music education students to work as university college professors. Selected faculty representing every institution offering a Ph.D. in music education in the United States and Canada ( N = 46) were sent an online questionnaire concerning (1) the extent respondents believed doctoral music education students should perform student/class observations, teach music education classes, supervise field-teaching experiences, participate in teacher-related activities, and participate in scholarly activities; and (2) whether respondents’ institutions had doctoral music education students perform student/class observations, teach music education classes, supervise field/student teaching experiences, participate in teacher-related activities, and participate in scholarly activities. Respondents strongly believed music education doctoral students should observe and assist in undergraduate classes, supervise field-teaching experiences, and conduct scholarly activities. Respondents placed less value on students interacting with public school teachers, teaching graduate music education courses, and participating in school/college committees. Respondents indicated their institutions did have students perform student/class observations, teach music education classes, supervise field-teaching experiences, participate in teacher-related activities, and participate in scholarly activities. However, interactions with public school teachers, teaching a graduate class, and participating in school/college committees were performed less.
Efficacy of ketamine for postoperative pain following robotic thyroidectomy: A prospective randomised study
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Park Hee-Pyoung , Jeong Mu-Hui , Son Je-Do , Kim Hyun-Chang 
Published: November 2017

Objective Although robotic thyroidectomy (RoT) is a minimally invasive surgery, percutaneous tunneling causes moderate to severe pain immediately postoperatively. We evaluated the efficacy of ketamine for postoperative pain management in patients following RoT. Methods Sixty-four patients scheduled for RoT were randomly divided into two groups. In the ketamine group (n = 32), ketamine was infused from induction of anaesthesia until the end of the procedure (0.15-mg/kg bolus with continuous infusion at 2 µg/kg/min). In the control group (n = 32), the same volume of saline was infused. Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores for acute and chronic pain, the incidence of hypoesthesia, postoperative analgesic requirements, and complications related to opioids or ketamine were compared between the two groups. Results The VAS pain scores were significantly lower in the ketamine group up to 24 h postoperatively. The VAS pain score when coughing was significantly higher in the control group than in the ketamine group at 24 h postoperatively. A significantly greater proportion of patients in the control group required rescue analgesics. Complications were comparable in both groups. Conclusions Ketamine infusion decreased pain scores for 24 h postoperatively and reduced analgesic requirements without serious complications in patients following RoT. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01997801
Transformations of the Monstrous Feminine in the New Asian Female Ghost Films
Authors: Lee Hunju 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSince the financial success of the American remake of a Japanese horror film called Ringu (Hideo Nakata 1998), remaking a well-accepted Asian scary film in its domestic or pan-Asian market has been a recurring phenomenon in the American film industry for the past decade. The particular style of horror films which this article identifies as the “New Asian Female Ghost Films” has been the most welcomed Asian genre for the Hollywood project for reworking Asian cinematic originals. Beyond the commonality in narrative and thematic sharing, the New Asian Female Ghost Films are characterized as the specific iconography of the monstrous feminine with other gendered/gendering imageries and imaginations to reflect as well as the countries’ long traditions of female ghost filmmaking and the changed socio-cultural matrixes.
Possible Trimethoprim–Sulfamethoxazole-Induced Hemolytic Anemia: A Case Report
Authors: Williams Montgomery F. , Doss Emily P. , Montgomery Maggie 
Published: November 2017

Objective: To report a case of hemolytic anemia in a patient who received trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for a urinary tract infection (UTI). Summary: A 47-year-old woman recently diagnosed with uncomplicated UTI received 3 doses of TMP-SMX. She developed yellowing of the skin and eyes, lethargy, mild abdominal pain, and dry mucous membranes. Laboratory testing demonstrated significant anemia with red blood cells (RBCs) of 1.99, hemoglobin (Hgb) of 6.3 g/dL, and hematocrit (Hct) of 18.1%. TMP-SMX was immediately discontinued. The patient was given methylprednisolone 60 mg intravenously (IV) followed by oral steroids and infused with 3 units of packed RBCs over the course of a 10-day inpatient admission. On discharge, the patient continued oral steroids. Outpatient follow-up indicated Hgb of 11.0 g/dL and Hct of 32.7%, 41 days after hospital discharge. Utilizing the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale, there is a probable association between the patient’s hemolytic anemia and TMP-SMX. Conclusion: We report a case of hemolytic anemia resulting from the use of TMP-SMX. Although this is a rare adverse effect, clinicians should be aware of the signs and symptoms of hemolytic anemia, and so appropriate treatment can be administered should it occur.
Offshoring, labour migration and neo-liberalisation: nationalist responses and alternatives in Eastern Europe
Authors: Żuk Piotr , Żuk Paweł 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTrends in Eastern Europe, with particular emphasis on Poland, are used in this article to analyse offshoring as a form of social dumping. Neoliberalisation and globalisation generate and utilise the mobility of both capital and labour. Meanwhile, labour migration is presenting a challenge to the observance of labour rights. Present-day methods of capital accumulation rely on the search for cheap labour and the relocation of production to territories that do not protect workers’ rights. Effective defence of labour rights must take place at the transnational level, where most capital is generated. Trade unions need to cross national borders in order to move social activity into this area. The defence of workers’ rights must go hand in hand with the struggle against nationalism and racist prejudices. In this context, migrant workers become one of the main potential driving forces of the modern global proletariat.
Characteristics of morphologic macular abnormalities in neuroimmunology practice
Authors: Al-Louzi Omar , Sotirchos Elias S , Vidal-Jordana Angela , Beh Shin C , Button Julia , Ying Howard S , Balcer Laura J , Frohman Elliot M , Saidha Shiv , Calabresi Peter A , Newsome Scott D 
Published: November 2017

Background: Morphologic macular abnormalities (MMAs) are frequently seen on macular optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging in neuroimmunology practice, yet studies pragmatically assessing prevalence and risk factors of MMAs to date are limited. Objective: To describe the characteristics of MMAs in a neuroimmunology-based academic practice. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 1450 patients (2900 eyes) who underwent spectral-domain macular OCT between June 2010 and June 2012. The association between MMAs and demographic variables was analyzed using mixed-effects logistic regression. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated per 5-year age increments. Results: MMAs were observed in 338/2872 eyes (11.7%) of 232/1445 participants (16.1%). The most common abnormalities identified, included drusen (6.0%), epiretinal membrane (ERM; 5.5%), and microcystoid macular pathology (MMP; 1.9%). Overall, patients with MMAs were older (OR: 1.79, p = 5 × 10–5) and more likely to be males (OR: 2.45, p = 0.014). In particular, advancing age was associated with higher risk of drusen and ERM (OR: 1.80 and 4.26, p = 2 × 10–5 and 7 × 10–3, respectively). MMP prevalence declined with age (OR: 0.73, p = 0.015) and was associated with African-American ethnicity (OR: 15.0, p = 5 × 10–5). Conclusion: Unexpected or incidental MMAs are common in patients assessed with OCT in neuroimmunology practice, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive OCT image review for risk stratification and appropriate ophthalmology referral.
Superior Mesenteric Vein Injury During Oncologic Right Colectomy: Current Vascular Repair Modalities
Authors: Freund Michael R. , Goldin Ilya , Reissman Petachia 
Published: November 2017

Purpose: To review the different vascular repair options of superior mesenteric vein (SMV) damage during oncologic right colectomy. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of 5 cases in which severe damage to the SMV occurred during oncological right colectomy in an academic medical center. Results: During a 10-year study period, we encountered 5 cases in which severe damage to the SMV and its tributaries occurred. Two of the patients underwent primary venous repair for partial lacerations. The other 3 underwent interposition graft repair using a great saphenous vein (GSV) graft. Two of the grafts remained patent, while the third required replacement with a bovine pericardial patch. Conclusions: The SMV injury during oncologic right colectomy is a technically challenging injury. Based on our own experience and review of the literature, we formulated the following set of recommendations: (1) Venous ligation should be avoided, and revascularization should be attempted whenever feasible. (2) Primary venorrhaphy in cases of partial lacerations is the preferred treatment option. (3) End-to-end anastomosis is an efficient but seldom available repair option in the setting of complete SMV transection without segmental loss. (4) Autologous vein graft using the GSV is the preferred mode of repair during SMV injury with tissue loss. (5) Use of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) graft should be avoided if possible due to greater risk of graft contamination. (6) A low threshold for reexploration depending on laboratory and imaging findings is advisable.