bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient and Public Information delivery through NHS library and knowledge services: how Knowledge for Healthcare changed the landscape
Authors: Case Holly , Howard Natasha , Grant Maria J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHealth care library and knowledge services (LKS) are now expected to contribute to the provision of Patient and Public Information (PPI). The challenges of an ageing population, prevalence of long‐term conditions and the encouragement of patients to self manage give added impetus. The Knowledge for Health care PPI Task and Finish Groups developed strategic partnerships with national organizations and produced a suite of resources to support LKS staff. Outputs include guidance, workshop materials, an Ideas Bank and Guide to NHS Choices. The work of the PPI Task and Finish groups will continue to support staff as they develop activities and evidence its impact.
Rapidly progressive intravascular primary effusion lymphoma in an HIV‐positive renal transplant recipient
Authors: Cain Owen , Yoong Adrian , Lipkin Graham , Huengsberg Mia , Murray Jim , Rudzki Zbigniew , Vydianath Bindu 
Published: August 2017

We describe the clinical and post‐mortem findings of a case of rapidly progressive, ultimately fatal primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) arising in an HIV‐positive man 2 years after renal transplantation. Disseminated multi‐organ involvement associated with a peculiar intravascular pattern of growth, as seen in this case, has only been reported once previously. This is also, to our knowledge, the first detailed description of a lymphoma arising post‐transplant in an HIV‐positive patient.
Nonlinear relationship between preservation of microstructure and geochemical composition of Pleistocene brachiopod shells from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuyuki , Takizawa Mamoru , Takayanagi Hideko , Asami Ryuji , Iryu Yasufumi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractStable carbon and oxygen isotope composition of fossilized brachiopod shells serves as an important source to delineate Earth's paleoenvironmental evolution in the Phanerozoic. However, the original isotopic composition is potentially modified by various kinds of diagenesis. To evaluate the extent to which the original isotopic composition of fossilized brachiopod shells is modified by meteoric diagenesis, microstructure, cathodoluminescence (CL) images, and carbon and oxygen isotope composition of fossilized Kikaithyris hanzawai (rhynchonellate brachiopod) shells were examined. The shells were collected from Pleistocene shallow marine carbonates exposed on the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan. The extent of diagenetic alteration is quantitatively evaluated here as both the preservation state of the original shell microstructure and the luminescence/non‐luminescence of shells. Although altered fibers were commonly observed in the brachiopod shells, the original isotopic composition was almost retained. There are no significant differences in the isotopic composition between the luminescent and non‐luminescent shells. There is no direct relationship between the preservation state of the original shell microstructure and the luminescence/non‐luminescence of shells at three of four horizons, indicating that CL images are not necessarily useful for the detection of diagenetic alteration of shells or shell portions. Applying multiple criteria to assessing diagenetic alteration and cross‐checking them are required to distinguish between diagenetically altered and unaltered brachiopod shells.
Preparation of fumed silica compacts for thermal insulation using wet processing method
Authors: Tang Xueyuan , Yu Yuxi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper describes the preparation of fumed silica compacts for thermal insulation, using wet processing method. A series of thermal insulation compacts based on fumed silica powder and glass fibers were prepared. The influence of the mass ratio about fumed silica and glass fibers on the fracture strength and thermal conductivity was investigated. The results showed that the fracture strength increased first and then decreased with the mass ratio increasing. The thermal conductivity decreased linearly with the mass ratio increasing. When the compact was pressed under 6 MPa with a mass ratio of 5:1, it exhibited excellent thermal insulation at room temperature with a thermal conductivity of 0.042W/mK. Moreover, the compact was hydrophobic, after being modified by KH‐570.
Hierarchical SnO2 nanosheets@SiC nanofibers for enhanced photocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Sun Lian , Wang Bing , Wang Yingde 
Published: August 2017

AbstractProducing eco‐friendly hydrogen (H2) as a renewable energy by solar‐driven water splitting has triggered considerable interests. In this paper, we reported the in situ growth of ultrathin tin oxide nanosheets (SnO2 NSs) on the surface of mesoporous silicon carbide nanofibers (SiC NFs) using a simple hydrothermal method to form a core‐shell structures. The H2 production rate of the sample was 471.8 μmol g−1 h−1 under solar‐light illumination without any noble metals as catalysts, which was almost 1.25 and 3 times higher than pure SiC NFs and pure SnO2 NSs, respectively. The synergistic effect of the SnO2‐SiC heterojunction between the core‐shell microstructure played an important role in the superior performance of this photocatalyst.
‐318C/T polymorphism of the CTLA‐4 gene is an independent risk factor for RBC alloimmunization among sickle cell disease patients
Authors: Oliveira V. B. , Dezan M. R. , Gomes F. C. A. , Menosi Gualandro S. F. , Krieger J. E. , Pereira A. C. , Marsiglia J. D. , Levi J. E. , Rocha V. , Mendrone‐Junior A. , Sabino E. C. , Dinardo C. L. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryCytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) molecule is expressed on T‐lymphocyte membrane and negatively influences the antigen‐presenting process. Reduced expression of CTLA‐4 due to gene polymorphisms is associated with increased risk of autoimmune disorders, whose physiopathology is similar to that of post‐transfusion red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization. Our goal was to evaluate if polymorphisms of CTLA‐4 gene that affect protein expression are associated with RBC alloimmunization. This was a case–control study in which 134 sickle cell disease (SCD) patients and 253 non‐SCD patients were included. All patients were genotyped for the polymorphisms 49A/G and ‐318C/T of CTLA‐4 gene. The genotype frequency of ‐318C/T differed significantly between alloimmunized and nonalloimmunized SCD patients, irrespective of clinical confounders (p = .016). SCD patients heterozygous for ‐318T allele presented higher risk of alloantibody development (OR: 5.4, CI: 1.15–25.6). In conclusion, the polymorphism ‐318C/T of CTLA‐4 gene is associated with RBC alloimmunization among SCD patients. This highlights the role played by CTLA‐4 on post‐transfusion alloantibody development.
ADMM for Penalized Quantile Regression in Big Data
Authors: Yu Liqun , Lin Nan 
Published: August 2017

SummaryTraditional linear programming algorithms for quantile regression, for example, the simplex method and the interior point method, work well for data of small to moderate sizes. However, these methods are difficult to generalize to high‐dimensional big data for which penalization is usually necessary. Further, the massive size of contemporary big data calls for the development of large‐scale algorithms on distributed computing platforms. The traditional linear programming algorithms are intrinsically sequential and not suitable for such frameworks. In this paper, we discuss how to use the popular ADMM algorithm to solve large‐scale penalized quantile regression problems. The ADMM algorithm can be easily parallelized and implemented in modern distributed frameworks. Simulation results demonstrate that the ADMM is as accurate as traditional LP algorithms while faster even in the nonparallel case.
Balancing competing needs mediates the association of caregiving demand with caregiver role strain and depressive symptoms of dementia caregivers: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu Hsin‐Yun , Yang Ching‐Tzu , Wang Yu‐Nu , Hsu Wen‐Chuin , Huang Tzu‐Hsin , Lin Yueh‐E , Liu Chin‐Yi , Shyu Yea‐Ing L. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimsTo examine the role of balancing competing needs in the relationship between caregiving demand and caregiving outcomes (caregivers’ role strain and depressive symptoms).BackgroundCaregivers who do not balance competing needs are more likely to experience negative caregiving outcomes, suggesting that balance mediates between caregiving demand and caregiving outcomes. Identifying a mediator of negative caregiving effects may help in developing tailored interventions for family caregivers of persons with dementia.DesignA cross‐sectional, correlational design.MethodsData were collected from family caregivers’ self‐completed questionnaires between March 2013 ‐ April 2014. A convenience sample of 120 family caregivers and care receivers with dementia was enrolled. We examined whether balance mediated the relationship between caregiving demand and caregiving outcomes (caregivers’ role strain and depressive symptoms) by multiple regression analysis. To evaluate the significance of the indirect effect of caregiver balance, we used the Sobel test and Monte Carlo method, an alternative approach to testing mediation.ResultsBalancing competing needs completely mediated the association of caregiving demand with depressive symptoms and partially mediated the association of caregiving demand with role strain.ConclusionAssessing caregivers’ self‐perceived sense of balance may help to identify caregivers at high risk for role strain and depressive symptoms. Interventions to enhance caregivers’ perceived sense of balance between competing needs may provide a strategy for reducing the negative effects of caregiving.
Learning theories and tools for the assessment of core nursing competencies in simulation: A theoretical review
Authors: Lavoie Patrick , Michaud Cécile , Bélisle Marilou , Boyer Louise , Gosselin Émilie , Grondin Myrian , Larue Caroline , Lavoie Stéphan , Pepin Jacinthe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo identify the theories used to explain learning in simulation and to examine how these theories guided the assessment of learning outcomes related to core competencies in undergraduate nursing students.BackgroundNurse educators face the challenge of making explicit the outcomes of competency‐based education, especially when competencies are conceptualized as holistic and context dependent.DesignTheoretical review.Data SourcesResearch papers (N = 182) published between 1999–2015 describing simulation in nursing education.Review MethodsTwo members of the research team extracted data from the papers, including theories used to explain how simulation could engender learning and tools used to assess simulation outcomes. Contingency tables were created to examine the associations between theories, outcomes and tools.ResultsSome papers (N = 79) did not provide an explicit theory. The 103 remaining papers identified one or more learning or teaching theories; the most frequent were the National League for Nursing/Jeffries Simulation Framework, Kolb's theory of experiential learning and Bandura's social cognitive theory and concept of self‐efficacy. Students’ perceptions of simulation, knowledge and self‐confidence were the most frequently assessed, mainly via scales designed for the study where they were used. Core competencies were mostly assessed with an observational approach.ConclusionThis review highlighted the fact that few studies examined the use of simulation in nursing education through learning theories and via assessment of core competencies. It also identified observational tools used to assess competencies in action, as holistic and context‐dependent constructs.
Prediction of energy expenditure during walking in adults with down syndrome
Authors: Agiovlasitis Stamatis , Mendonca Goncalo V. , McCubbin Jeffrey A. , Fernhall Bo 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundWhen developing walking programmes for improving health in adults with Down syndrome (DS), physical activity professionals are in need of an equation for predicting energy expenditure. We therefore developed and cross‐validated an equation for predicting the rate of oxygen uptake (VO2; an index of energy expenditure) for adults with and without DS.MethodA total of 469 VO2 observations during walking across different speeds were available from 54 adults with DS and 61 adults without DS.ResultsSignificant predictors of VO2 were speed, speed square, group and group‐by‐speed interaction. Separate models for each group showed that speed and its square significantly predicted VO2. Absolute per cent error was small and did not differ between groups.ConclusionAdults with DS have different VO2 response to walking speed from persons without DS. VO2 is predicted from speed with acceptable accuracy for persons with DS.
Archipelagic genetics in a widespread Caribbean anole
Authors: Reynolds R. Graham , Strickland Tanner R. , Kolbe Jason J. , Falk Bryan G. , Perry Gad , Revell Liam J. , Losos Jonathan B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimWe examine the influence of fluctuating sea levels in a land‐bridge archipelago on the apportioning of intraspecific genetic diversity and divergence in the widespread Puerto Rican crested anole (Anolis cristatellus). We compare three alternative scenarios for genetic diversification in an archipelagic species that contrast the relative influences of periodic isolation versus island connectedness driven by fluctuating sea levels. Our approach combines information from geography and population genetics to assess the influence of island size, island isolation, island historical geography, and population genetic processes such as drift on the contemporary distribution of genetic variation within and among islands.LocationThe Puerto Rico Bank in the Caribbean focusing primarily on the Spanish, British and U.S. Virgin Islands.MethodsWe used nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences and microsatellite genotypes sampled from A. cristatellus populations to investigate: (1) the broad‐scale pattern of phylogeographical divergence across Puerto Rico Bank islands and (2) diversification within the Virgin Islands archipelago. For the first component, we used sequence data to reconstruct the relationships among 542 samples from across the species range. For the second component, we examined the relative influences of island size, isolation, and population genetic processes on the distribution of genetic diversity across the Virgin Islands.ResultsIn the Virgin Islands, A. cristatellus is represented by a monophyletic clade except on the island of Vieques, where two divergent clades coexist. We found evidence for non‐equilibrium dynamics in the Virgin Islands, suggesting spatial population expansion during intraglacial periods of low sea level.Main conclusionsWe found limited evidence that periods of island isolation affected patterns of genetic diversity and differentiation. Instead, we found that the patterns of genetic diversity and divergence in A. cristatellus in the Virgin Islands archipelago are likely shaped by long‐term persistence in the region and periods of population spatial expansion.
CD155 knockdown promotes apoptosis via AKT/Bcl‐2/Bax in colon cancer cells
Authors: Zheng Qianqian , Wang Biao , Gao Jian , Xin Na , Wang Wei , Song Xiaowen , Shao Yue , Zhao Chenghai 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCD155, one of the nectin‐like molecule family members, is involved in cell adhesion and motility. CD155 is overexpressed in several human cancers, but its role in proliferation and apoptosis of colorectal cancer remains unclear. We found that CD155 was up‐regulated in colorectal cancer tissues. CD155 knockdown via shRNA lentiviruses inhibited colon cancers cell migration and invasion, with a reduction in the expression of FAK, Src and MMP‐2. CD155 down‐regulation also suppressed colon cancer cell proliferation, accompanied by changing expressions of some molecules related to cell cycle. Finally, CD155 knockdown increased the expression ratio between Bax and Bcl‐2, resulting in a significant increase in colon cancer cell apoptosis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that CD155 is involved in not only migration and invasion but also proliferation and survival abilities of colon cancer cells, suggesting that CD155 is one of key molecules promoting the growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer.
When Normative and Market Power Interact: The European Union and Global Biofuels Governance
Authors: Renckens Stefan , Skogstad Grace , Mondou Matthieu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDrawing on the literature on the market and normative power of the EU, we document and explain the limited success of the EU in transferring its environmental standards with respect to sustainable biofuels governance to the world's two largest biofuels producers – the US and Brazil – and to two international standard setting organizations, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Global Bioenergy Partnership (GBEP). Our explanation highlights four factors: first, the extent to which EU strategies to strengthen its market power can undermine its normative power; second, the limits to EU policy influence posed by other actors' use of their own market and normative power resources; third, the diminished influence of a late policy‐mover; and fourth, the difficulty of establishing normative leadership in a policy field subject to epistemic contestation.
Simultaneous lateral bone augmentation and implant placement using a particulated synthetic bone substitute around chronic peri‐implant dehiscence defects in dogs
Authors: Jung Ui‐Won , Cha Jae‐Kook , Vignoletti Fabio , Nuñez Javier , Sanz Javier , Sanz Mariano 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo determine the histological outcomes when using a highly porous synthetic bone substitute and a cross‐linked collagen membrane for lateral bone augmentation of peri‐implant dehiscence defects.MethodsIn eight dogs, three treatment groups were randomly allocated at each peri‐implant dehiscence defect (mean height × depth = 3 × 1 mm) as follows: (i) synthetic bone substitute covered by a cross‐linked collagen membrane (test group), (ii) deproteinized bovine bone mineral covered by a natural collagen membrane (positive control), and (iii) no treatment (negative control). Two healing periods (8 and 16 weeks) were applied.ResultsThe differences in healing outcomes between the test and positive control groups were not significant at 8 weeks. Horizontal bone augmentation 2 mm below the implant shoulder was significantly greater in the test group (1.22 ± 0.53 mm) than in the positive and negative controls (0.42 ± 0.51 and 0.36 ± 0.50 mm, respectively) at 16 weeks. Similarly, the augmented tissue thickness at 0, 1, and 2 mm apical to the implant shoulder was significantly greater in the test group than in the positive control group.ConclusionThe test group showed significantly better histological outcomes for lateral bone augmentation and tissue thickness at 16 weeks compared to both the positive and negative control groups.
Langerhans cell: exciting developments in health and disease
Authors: Atmatzidis D.H. , Lambert W.C. , Lambert M.W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLangerhans cells (LCs) have been the subject of much research since their discovery in 1868. LCs belong to the subset of leucocytes called dendritic cells. They are present in the epidermis and the pilosebaceous apparatus and monitor the cutaneous environment for changes in homeostasis. During embryogenesis, a wave of yolk sac macrophages seed the fetal skin. Then, fetal liver monocytes largely replace the yolk sac macrophages and comprise the majority of adult LCs. In the presence of skin irritation, LCs process antigen and travel to regional lymph nodes to present antigen to reactive T lymphocytes. Changes in LCs' surface markers during the journey occur under the influence of cytokines. The difference in expression of surface markers and the ability to resist radiation have allowed researchers to differentiate LCs from the murine Langerin‐positive dermal dendritic cells. Exciting discoveries have been made recently regarding their role in inflammatory skin diseases, cancer and HIV. New research has shown that antibodies blocking CD1a appear to mitigate inflammation in contact hypersensitivity reactions and psoriasis. While it has been established that LCs have the potential to induce effector cells of the adaptive immune system to counter oncogenesis, recent studies have demonstrated that LCs coordinate with natural killer cells to impair development of squamous cell carcinoma caused by chemical carcinogens. However, LCs may also physiologically suppress T cells and permit keratinocyte transformation and tumorigenesis. Although long known to play a primary role in the progression of HIV infection, it is now understood that LCs also possess the ability to restrict the progression of the disease. There is a pressing need to discover more about how these cells affect various aspects of health and disease; new information gathered thus far seems promising and exciting.
Topical ionic contra‐viral therapy comprised of digoxin and furosemide as a potential novel treatment approach for common warts
Authors: van der Kolk T. , Dillingh M.R. , Rijneveld R. , Klaassen E.S. , de Koning M.N.C. , Kouwenhoven S.T.P. , Genders R.E. , Bouwes Bavinck J. N. , Feiss G. , Rissmann R. , Burggraaf J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundDNA viruses such as HPV rely on K+ influx for replication. Both digoxin and furosemide inhibit the K+ influx by interacting with cell membrane ion co‐transporters (Na+/K+‐ATPase and Na+‐K+‐2Cl− co‐transporter‐1, respectively). We therefore hypothesized that these two compounds in a topical formulation may be valuable in the treatment of HPV‐induced warts. This new approach is called Ionic Contra‐Viral Therapy (ICVT).ObjectiveTo evaluate systemic exposure, safety and tolerability of ICVT with a combination of furosemide and digoxin after repeated topical application in subjects with common warts. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate pharmacodynamics effects of ICVT.MethodsTwelve healthy subjects with at least four common warts on their hands were included in the study and treated with a fixed dose of 980 mg topical gel containing 0.125% (w/w) digoxin and 0.125% (w/w) furosemide for 7 consecutive days on their lower back to assess safety and systemic exposure. Two warts were treated with 10 mg each and two served as negative controls to obtain preliminary evidence of treatment effect.ResultsICVT was well tolerated topically, and there was no evidence of systemic exposure of digoxin or furosemide. There were no clinical relevant safety findings and no serious adverse events (SAEs). A rapid and statistically significant reduction in diameter, height and volume of the warts was already observed at day 14.ConclusionICVT was found to be safe for administration to humans and 7 days of active treatment showed a statistical significant wart reduction compared to untreated control lesions, clearly indicating pharmacological activity.