bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PREVENTION OF MUSCULOSKELETAL INJURIES AMONG DUTCH HOCKEY PLAYERS: DEVELOPMENT AND PILOT-IMPLEMENTATION OF THE KNHB INTERVENTION
Authors: Gouttebarge Vincent , Zuidema Victor 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundMusculoskeletal injuries in the lower limbs are common in pivoting team sports such as field hockey. Consequently, the Royal Dutch Hockey Federation (KNHB) aims to prevent the occurrence of these injuries among hockey players.ObjectiveTo develop an evidence-based intervention to prevent musculoskeletal injuries in the lower limbs among youth/adult hockey players and to explore its feasibility and limited efficacy.DesignThe KNHB intervention was developed in accordance to a scientific framework (Intervention Mapping). Then, a pilot-implementation based on a single-group repeated-measures design was conducted.SettingRoyal Dutch Hockey Federation (KNHB).Patients (or Participants)A total of 168 hockey coaches/trainers were enrolled in a pilot-implementation of 12 weeks.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)The KNHB intervention was developed according to (i) scientific literature, (ii) view of experts in hockey and injury prevention, and (iii) needs of hockey players and hockey coaches/trainers. The KNHB intervention is an age- and gender-specific warming-up programme involving more than 50 exercises divided in three phases of 4–5 minutes (preparation, motor skills, hockey skills). The KNHB intervention is available through a website and an application for smartphone/tablet in which all exercises are described with texts, pictures and video's.Main Outcome MeasurementsUse/feasibility of the KNHB intervention as well as level of knowledge and skills of hockey coaches/trainers about injury prevention and the KNHB intervention (Visual Analogue Scale).ResultsThe KNHB intervention was positively evaluated, while more than 80% of the hockey coaches/trainers thought that the website and application for smartphone/table were of added value. Calculated effect size (d=0,23 between T0 and T1; d=0,34 between T0 and T2) showed a moderate effect on level of knowledge and skills of hockey coaches/trainers.ConclusionsThe KNHB intervention is feasible and leads to more knowledge and skills among hockey coaches/trainers. Its effect on injuries needs to be evaluated.
PREVALENCE AND RISK INDICATORS OF SYMPTOMS OF COMMON MENTAL DISORDERS AMONG DUTCH OLYMPIC ATHLETES
Authors: Gouttebarge Vincent , Ruud Jonkers , Maarten Moen , Evert Verhagen , Wylleman Paul , Kerkhoffs Gino 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundIn the past years, symptoms of common mental disorders have been exponentially under study among professional i.e. elite athletes. Two recent cross-sectional studies among Australian and French elite Olympic athletes have showed a prevalence of symptoms of common mental disorders in the range of 17 to 45%.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and comorbidity of symptoms of common mental disorders (distress, anxiety/depression, sleep disturbance, eating disorders, adverse alcohol use) among Dutch elite athletes, and to explore the inference between potential risk indicators (severe injury, surgery, life events, sport career dissatisfaction, social support) and the outcomes measures under study.DesignCross-sectional analyses were conducted on baseline questionnaires from an ongoing prospective cohort study.SettingDutch Olympic athletes from the Netherlands Olympic Committee*Netherlands Sports Confederation (NOC*NSF).Patients (or Participants)A total of 203 elite athletes were enrolled (mean age at recruitment was 27 years; mean sports career duration was 8 years).Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)The assessment of risk indicators was based on validated scales.Main Outcome MeasurementsSymptoms of common mental disorders were assessed with validated scales.ResultsPrevalence (4-week) of symptoms of common mental disorders (not clinically diagnosed) ranged from 6% for adverse alcohol use to 45% for anxiety/depression. A higher number of past severe injuries, higher number of past surgeries, higher number of recent life events, higher level of career dissatisfaction and lower level of social support were related to the occurrence of symptoms of common mental disorders among elite athletes.ConclusionsOn average, the 4-week prevalence of CMD as shown in our study among Dutch elite athletes were similar to the ones found among athletes from other sports disciplines and does compare with the lifetime prevalence estimates in the general population of the Netherlands.
HAMSTRING/QUADRICEPS RATIO IN ACL INJURY PREDICTION IN ELITE FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Grygorowicz Monika , Michalowska Martyna , Walczak Tomasz , Grabski Jakub , Pyda Andrzej , Piontek Tomasz 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundHamstring/quadriceps conventional ratio (H/Q) has been widely used in the prediction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury; however there is still no consensus on the values that are really predictive for ACL injury in elite male football players.ObjectiveTo verify the value of H/Q predictive for ACL injury in elite male footballers.DesignRetrospective study, analysing ACL injury occurrence in footballers and H/Q value from isokinetic tests.SettingMale football elite division.Patients (or Participants)Records of 74 professional male footballers who played at least one season between 2010–2016 have been analysed.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)All players were monitored and treated by one clinic, thus medical history of each player was documented. ACL injury was confirmed in USG examination. Players were dichotomously categorized as injured or uninjured for data analysis. The same clinic was responsible for conducting isokinetic assessment using Biodex System 3 Pro. Retrospective footballer's records were reviewed between May 2006 and April 2016. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the possibility of using the H/Q value to predict ACL injury. Level of significance was set at p<0.05 and Statistica v.12.5 software was used.Main Outcome MeasurementsArea under the curve (AUC); number of ACL injuries and values of H/Q were also analysed.ResultsTotal 331 knee isokinetic tests of 74 elite male football players were reviewed, and data of 8 ACL injuries were analysed. Cut-off value of H/Q ratio was calculated at 0.63±0.11. The ROC analyses showed an area under the curve of 0.67 (95% CI 0.49–0.84; p=0.0598).ConclusionsAlthough it occurred to be insignificant we observed a tendency towards H/Q values at 0.63±0.11, that may be useful in future studies in multifactorial analysis of ACL injury prediction. However, studies on bigger sample should be performed to verify these results.
ALTERED GROUND REACTION FORCE DURING COUNTER MOVEMENT JUMPS IN PREVIOUSLY INJURED PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYERS
Authors: Argemi Ruben , Elverdin Julio , Gallo Pablo Ortega 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundSports injuries produce changes in movement characteristics, which can be measured qualitatively and quantitatively in the ground reaction force.ObjectiveTo characterize the strength curve of a counter movement jump (CMJ) in professional footballers who were suffering from sports injuries.DesignCase-control study.SettingProfessional footballers of Club Atlético Boca Juniors.Participants32 players suffering from sports-related ankle, knee and muscle injuries, who were tested during the first week that they were able to jump, and 52 as control group, who were tested during preventive medical controls.Main Outcome MeasurementsWe analysed 5 stages of the force curve during CMJ: 1. Starting movement, 2. Start of eccentric contraction, 3. Eccentric contraction, 4. Peak eccentric, 5. Peak concentric, and rate of force development (RFD). In areas 1, 2 and 3 asymmetry was examined qualitatively (curve shape ), in zones 4 and 5, quantitatively (>5%).ResultsAll of injured players showed asymmetry versus 48% in control group (p<0.05), 85% of injured players showed deficits in zone 4 (16.5% in peak force vs 11,6% in control; p<0.05). Asymmetry of RFD in players with ankle and knee injuries was 26% and 14%, respectively, while those with psoas injuries presented inverted asymmetry(less force in non injury leg). Players with ankle injuries showed asymmetry in zones 1–4 and knee injuries in zones 1–5 (73% and 85% of the cases, respectively). Players treated surgically for knee injuries (ACL and menisci) demonstrated asymmetry in zones 4 and 5 in 100% of the cases. Players with adductor and hamstring injuries displayed asymmetry in zones 4 and 2–3, respectively (100% of cases for both). All players were symmetrical at return to sports.ConclusionsThe force plate is a device that allows the characterization of function in sports injuries during the rehabilitation process, and help establish parameters for the return of the athlete to a normal athletic life.
VIDEO ANALYSIS OF CONTACT TECHNIQUE DURING HEAD COLLISIONS IN RUGBY UNION
Authors: Hendricks Sharief , Davidow Demi , Viljoen Wayne , Burger Nicholas , Lambert Mike , Readhead Clint , Brown James , Jones Ben , Quarrie Ken 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundRugby union is characterised by frequent and dynamic collisions. Players typically aim to avoid direct contact to the head due to its potential for serious head injury. However, head collisions still occur – possibly due to players either being unaware of the impending contact, or executing poor technique during, or prior to contact.ObjectiveVideo analysis of contact technique and head collisions in rugby union.DesignRetrospective video analysis.SettingProfessional rugby union players.ParticipantsVideo footage of 211 contact events.Assessment of Risk FactorsContact characteristics and contact technique for attackers and defenders during head collisions. Attackers and defenders were categorized into higher and lower risk roles depending on which had the higher potential for injury.Main Outcome MeasurementsContact descriptors and contact proficiency scoresResultsEighty-four percent of head collisions occurred during the tackle, followed by aerial collisions (10%), and rucks (6%). Eighty-two percent of collisions occurred with an opponent. Higher risk players were aware of the impending contact 70% of the time. Mean contact proficiency score (arbitrary units; AU) in front-on tackled ball-carriers was 6.4±3.2 and 8.2±3.2 AU for ball carriers at higher and lower injury risk, respectively (p≤0.01, effect size=0.6, moderate). The mean contact proficiency score in front-on tackle tacklers was 9.8±3.7 and 9.2±3.5 AU for tacklers at higher and lower injury risk, respectively (p>0.05, ES=0.2, small).ConclusionsThe tackle event accounted for most head collisions. Most players were aware of the impending contact. Higher injury risk ball-carriers in front-on tackles scored relatively low in proficiency compared to lower injury risk ball-carriers. For contact proficiency score, each technical criterion was equally weighted. Failure to execute specific criteria (e.g. head up and forward) may increase the risk of head collisions compared to other criteria (e.g. fending). Future studies on contact techniques should weight technical criteria more appropriately.
NEUROMUSCULAR RESPONSES OF THE HAMSTRING MUSCLES DURING UNANTICIPATED TRUNK PERTURBATIONS
Authors: Higashihara Ayako , Nagano Yasuharu , Ida Hirofumi , Nakazawa Kimitaka 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundAnterior cruciate ligament and hamstring strain injuries occur during unanticipated cutting and stopping movements. Previous prospective studies showed that athletes with decreased trunk neuromuscular control are at increased risk of knee injury. Therefore, deficits in trunk neuromuscular control during unanticipated movements may result in injury. However, the modulations of the hamstring muscles to the unanticipated trunk perturbation are unclear.ObjectiveTo examine the neuromuscular responses of the hamstring muscles during unanticipated trunk perturbations.DesignDescriptive laboratory study.SettingMale college athletes.ParticipantsEight male sprinters (age, 20.3±1.4 years).InterventionIn the kneeling position, the participants wore a chest harness attached to a cable that was pulled backward as a resisting force at a constant level corresponding to 13% to 15% of each weight. The participants were instructed to resist the force isometrically. The force was released with cue (CUE) and without cue (NoCUE). Trunk acceleration and surface electromyography (EMG) signals of the erector spinae, gluteus maximus, biceps femoris, and semitendinosus muscles were measured.Main Outcome Measurements(1) Maximum trunk acceleration; (2) EMG activation in the 50-ms window before the perturbation; (3) onset time of the muscle response; and (4) phasic muscle activities after the perturbations.ResultsThe maximum trunk acceleration was significantly greater during the NoCUE condition than during the CUE condition (p<0.01). No significant differences were observed in either of the EMG activations before the perturbation. The activation onsets of the hamstring muscles were significantly delayed (p<0.05) and the activation responses of these muscles from 100 ms after the perturbation were significantly larger during the NoCUE than during the CUE condition (p<0.05).ConclusionsThe results indicate that the anticipation of perturbation decreased the hamstring muscle latencies and responses to control the trunk movement, suggesting that the central nervous system modulated the readiness of the trunk based on anticipatory information.
BIOMECHANICAL CHANGES WITH FIFA11+ UTILIZATION OVER MULTIPLE SOCCER SEASONS
Authors: Arundale Amelia , Silvers-Granelli Holly , Marmon Adam , Zarzycki Ryan , Dix Celeste , Snyder-Mackler Lynn 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe FIFA11+ is a dynamic warm-up injury prevention program. Previous studies have examined its efficacy in reducing injuries, however no information is available on whether it changes targeted movement patterns.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to examine the changes in peak knee abduction moment (PKAM) over two soccer seasons using the FIFA11+. We hypothesized that athletes will have decreased PKAM over the first season, no changes in the off-season, and further decreases over the second season.DesignProspective non-randomized intervention study (control team data currently being collected).SettingElite collegiate women's soccer.Patients (or Participants)First season N=83, off-season N=68, second season N=59.InterventionsThe FIFA11+ program was initiated during the preseason and completed throughout two consecutive soccer seasons as a warm-up prior to training sessions and games at least 3x/week. Researchers did not influence the training during the off-season.Main Outcome MeasurementsPKAM measured during motion analysis of a drop jump at pre- and postseason of two consecutive seasons. Repeated measures ANCOVAs were used to analyse the change over each season and the off-season, with baseline PKAM included in each model as a covariate.ResultsThere was a significant main effect of time over the first season (preseason 0.24±0.01, postseason 0.23±0.01, p=0.02). PKAM was a significant covariate (p<0.01). There no main effect of time over the off-season (p=0.40), however, PKAM was a significant covariate (p<0.01). There was also no main effect of time over the second season (p=0.29), with PKAM again a significant covariate (p<0.01).ConclusionsThe FIFA11+ is effective in preventing injuries, however its mechanism is unknown. The preliminary results of this study indicate this injury reduction may not be occurring as a result of a decrease in PKAM in all athletes.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF MATCH INJURIES IN YOUTH RUGBY UNION
Authors: Hislop Michael , Stokes Keith , Williams Sean , Kemp Simon , England Mike , Trewartha Grant 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundInjury risk in youth rugby is perceived as high when compared with other youth sports, and has become a notable public health topic.ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence and nature of match-related injuries sustained in youth rugby union.DesignTwo-season prospective cohort study.SettingIndependent schools within England during 2013/14 and 2015/16 playing seasons.ParticipantsEligible schools had onsite medical personnel for injury treatment and data capture. All male players within the under-15 to under-18 age groups of included schools were eligible to participate. In total, 3,179 rugby players (aged 14–18 years) from 40 schools participated.Main Outcome MeasuresTime-loss (>24 hours) match injury incidence (per 1000 match hours) and burden (days lost per 1000 match hours), classifications made on injury location, severity, and inciting event.Results598 time-loss injuries were reported from 21,865 match exposure-hours, giving an overall match injury incidence of 27 injuries/1000 match-hours (90% CI 26 to 29) and burden of 731 days lost/1000 match-hours (90% CI 721 to 740). The head was the most frequently injured location (31% of injuries), followed by the shoulder (14%), wrist/hand (12%), and knee (8%). Moderate time-loss injuries (8–28 days) were the most commonly reported (38%), followed by minor injuries (2–7 days, 33%), whilst over a quarter of injuries were severe (>28 days, 27%). Most injuries were associated with contact events (88%), particularly the tackle (58%) and ruck (14%), with 8% associated with running. Concussion incidence was 6/1000 match-hours (90% CI 5 to 7).ConclusionsMatch injury incidence was similar to figures reported in recent studies, whilst injury burden and the proportion of severe injuries were lower than previously reported. Implications of this study's findings would include focusing further on identifying risk factors and preventive strategies for tackle-related injuries as well as for head injuries, particularly concussion, in youth rugby.
MITIGATION OF ACL RUPTURE IN ALPINE SKIING THROUGH SKI BINDINGS
Authors: Howell Rick 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundACL-ruptures are the most prevalent injury in alpine skiing competition. Shaped skis produce 2 abduction forces with a centroid that can generate large abduction/valgus-moments and small tibia-torques that cause ACL-rupture before tibia-fracture. Ordinary alpine ski bindings address tibia-fracture.ObjectiveProve, biomechanically, that ordinary bindings cannot release in response to applied-abduction forces before ACL-rupture, whereas bindings with additional lateral heel release can.DesignA ski is affixed to an anthropometrically-correct metallic foot-tibia-femur test-frame that simulates skiing-ACL slip-catch injury-kinematics similar to ISO 9462 Annex-B — also measuring applied abduction force and resultant abduction/valgus-moment. Initially, no ski-bindings are utilized: the ski is bolted beneath the metallic foot. The proximal end of the metallic femur is rigidly attached to the test frame as during maximal internal rotation. Abduction force is applied to a range of positions along the medial edge of the ski while measuring combined peak abduction/valgus-moments and peak tibia-torques—at ACL-rupture—according to a validated ACL-rupture algorithm of an average US male. 2-mode and 3-mode bindings are interposed to quantify their interaction.SettingBiomechanical.Patients (or Participants)None, biomechanical.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)None, biomechanical.Main Outcome Measurements3-mode-release bindings can release below the rupture-limit of the ACL; 2-mode bindings cannot.ResultsAn abduction centroid can produce ACL rupture before tibia-fracture when applied to a ski -70 cm to -20 cm aft of the tibia at 155 N to 200 N (21% to 27% of average US male body weight) whereas tibia-fracture is produced when an abduction centroid is applied aft of −70 cm.ConclusionsAbduction centroids applied to the medial edge of a ski can produce tibia-fracture or ACL-rupture depending upon the magnitudeand the central position of the applied abduction forces.3-mode bindings with additional lateral heel release can release below the ACL-rupture limit. A prospective intervention study is needed for full-proof.
COGNITION IN FORMER RUGBY UNION PLAYERS AND IMPACT OF CONCUSSION HISTORY
Authors: Hume Patria , Theadom Alice , Lewis Gwyn N , Quarrie Kenneth L , Brown Scott R , Hill Rosamund , Marshall Stephen W. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundInformation is needed on the effects on health after retirement from participating in sport and any effects of sustaining concussions.ObjectiveTo investigate differences in cognitive function between former rugby and non-contact sport players, and any association between concussion history and cognitive function.DesignCross sectional descriptive study. Comparisons across player groups, concussion groups (one or more self-reported concussions versus no concussions) and between these groups with CNS-vital signs age-matched norms (US norms).SettingOn-line data collection.Participants366 former players (mean ±SD age 43.3±8.2 years); 103 elite rugby, 193 community rugby, 65 non-contact sport.Assessment of Risk FactorsConcussion history was obtained from an on-line self-report questionnaire. Cognitive functioning was assessed using the online CNS-vital signs neuropsychological test battery.Main Outcome MeasurementsCNS-vital signs test scores and concussion counts.ResultsThe former elite rugby union player group had deficits in cognitive functioning relative to the non-contact sport player group as indicated by complex attention, cognitive flexibility, processing speed and executive functioning scores using the CNS-vital signs test. The former community rugby group performed worse than non-contact sports players on cognitive flexibility and executive functioning tests. Community and elite former rugby union players reported a substantially higher number of concussions than non-contact sport players. The player group who had experienced one or more concussions, had deficits in cognitive flexibility, complex attention, and executive function relative to the player group with no history of concussion.ConclusionsPast participation in rugby, or history of concussion, were associated with small to moderate neurocognitive deficits, as indicated by worse CNS-vital signs scores. A greater proportion of former rugby players than expected showed deficits in composite memory, verbal memory, and reaction time, in addition to processing speed and complex attention for elite rugby, and psychomotor speed and motor speed for community rugby.