bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Sowing Methods, Weed Management, and Growth Promoters on the Economics and Nutrient Dynamics of Kharif Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Bhayankar  , Pyare Ram , Kumar Sanjiv , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Pradeep , Singh Shailendra Pratap , Kumar Dhirendra , Deepu  , Bagri Janardan Prasad , Kumar Shravan 
Published: September 2024

The present investigation was carried out during two consecutive kharif season in the year 2022 and 2023 at the Students Instructional Farm in the Department of Agronomy of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P). The experiment was laid-out in a split plot design. Sowing methods was done in the main plots and weed management practices in the sub plots along-with growth promoters in three replications. There were two sowing methods viz; Conventional methods (S1) and Ridge methods (S2). Whereas weed management practices were five; Weed Free (W1), Weedy Check (W2), Atrazine Pre-emergence @ 1.25 Kg /ha (W3), Halosulfuron methyl Post-emergence @ 65g a.i./ha (W4), Atrazine Pre-emergence @ 0.75 l/ha + Halosulfuron methyl Post-emergence @ 35g ai./ha (W5). and there was Growth promoters’ practices were three viz; Gibberellic acid (Sayish) (G1), Amino acid + Humic acid (Spring ever) (G2), Cytokinins + Enzymes (Ambition) (G3). Sowing was done on the 10th and 13th of July during 2022 and 2023, respectively using hybrid maize DKC-9144. The crop was harvested at full ripe stage on 11 October and 14 October, in 2022 and 2023, respectively. The best results in economics of various treatments and available nutrients in soil was observed under S2 (Ridge method) treatment in case of sowing methods, W2 (weed free) treatment in weed control practices and G3 (Cytokinins + Enzymes) in plant growth promoter.
Influence of Sowing Methods and Phosphorus Levels on Growth, Yield and Economic Returns of Summer Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
Authors: Dhiman Sunidhi , Meena Hemraj 
Published: September 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2023-24 at the Agricultural Research Farm, School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab to study the “Effect of sowing methods and phosphorus levels on growth, yield and economic returns of summer mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)”. The experiment consisted of nine treatment combinations with methods of sowing (Flat, Ridge and Bed sowing) and three phosphorus levels (30, 40 and 50 kg/ha P2O5) were tested in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The results indicated that the crop responded significantly to sowing methods and phosphorus in respect of growth, yield and economics such as plant height (cm), number of nodules/plant, number of branches, dry matter accumulation/plant (g/m²) and yield characteristics viz., number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod, test weight (g), seed yield (q/ha), straw yield (q/ha), harvest index (%), net return (₨/ha) and B:C ratio. In the combination of sowing methods and phosphorus, all the parameters were significant by influence. The combination of Bed sowing + 50 kg/ha P2O5 treatment had the highest values for growth characteristics, yield characteristics and also performed economically well as compared to other treatments.
Retrieval of the P wave reflectivity response from autocorrelation of seismic noise: Jakarta Basin, Indonesia
Authors: Saygin Erdinc , Cummins Phil R. , Lumley David 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe autocorrelate the continuously recorded seismic wavefield across a dense network of seismometers to map the P wave reflectivity response of the Jakarta Basin, Indonesia. The proximity of this mega city to known active faults and the subduction of the Australian plate, especially when the predominance of masonry construction and thick sedimentary basin fill are considered, suggests that it is a hot spot for seismic risk. In order to understand the type of ground motion that earthquakes might cause in the basin, it is essential to obtain reliable information on its seismic velocity structure. The body wave reflections are sensitive to the sharp velocity contrasts, which makes them useful in seismic imaging. Results show autocorrelograms at different seismic stations with reflected‐wave travel time variations, which reflect the variation in basement depth across the thick sedimentary basin. We also confirm the validity of the observed autocorrelation waveforms by conducting a 2‐D full waveform modeling.
Limited true polar wander as evidence that Earth's nonhydrostatic shape is persistently triaxial
Authors: Steinberger Bernhard , Seidel Miriam‐Lisanne , Torsvik Trond H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEarth's spin axis follows the maximum moment of inertia axis of mantle convection, with some delay due to adjustment of the rotational bulge. Here we compute this axis for geodynamic models based on subduction history, assuming constant slab sinking speed, with another contribution due to thermochemical piles. For a wide range of parameters, a large shift of ≈90° is predicted around 80–90 Ma. It can be largely attributed to a change in circum‐Pacific subduction from predominantly in the North and South toward East and West. Actual amounts of true polar wander are much smaller, pointing toward additional inertia tensor contributions, possibly due to slabs in the lowermost mantle below both polar regions. These slabs would have been subducted before ≈150 Ma, when plate motions in the Panthalassa basin are largely unknown. Matching predicted and observed true polar wander can serve at constraining such plate motions.
Evidence of coupling in ocean‐atmosphere dynamics over the North Atlantic
Authors: Vannitsem Stéphane , Ghil Michael 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCoupling between the ocean and the atmosphere is investigated in reanalysis data sets. Projecting the data sets onto a dynamically defined subspace allows one to isolate the dominant modes of variability of the coupled system. This coupled projection is then analyzed using multichannel singular spectrum analysis. The results suggest that a dominant low‐frequency signal with a 25–30 year period already mentioned in the literature is a common mode of variability of the atmosphere and the ocean. A new score for evaluating the internal nature of the common variability is then introduced, and it confirms the presence of coupled dynamics in the ocean‐atmosphere system that impacts the atmosphere at large scale. The physical nature of this coupled dynamics is then discussed.
Modulation of air‐sea fluxes by extratropical planetary waves and its impact during the recent surface warming slowdown
Authors: Molteni Franco , Farneti Riccardo , Kucharski Fred , Stockdale Timothy N. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIt is widely accepted that natural decadal variability played a major role in the slowdown in global warming observed in the 21st century, with sea surface cooling in the tropical Pacific recognized as a major contributor. However, the warming pause was most pronounced during boreal winter, with Northern Hemisphere flow anomalies also playing a role. Here we quantify the contribution of extratropical heat exchanges by comparing geopotential and temperature anomalies simulated by ensembles of seasonal forecasts with similar ocean temperature but different heat fluxes north of 40°N, as a result of planetary wave variability. We show that an important part of heat flux anomalies is associated with decadal variations in the phase of a specific planetary wave pattern. In model simulations covering the last three decades, this variability pattern accounts for a decrease of 0.35°C/decade in the post‐1998 wintertime temperature trend over northern continents.
Nonlinear ionospheric responses to large‐amplitude infrasonic‐acoustic waves generated by undersea earthquakes
Authors: Zettergren M. D. , Snively J. B. , Komjathy A. , Verkhoglyadova O. P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNumerical models of ionospheric coupling with the neutral atmosphere are used to investigate perturbations of plasma density, vertically integrated total electron content (TEC), neutral velocity, and neutral temperature associated with large‐amplitude acoustic waves generated by the initial ocean surface displacements from strong undersea earthquakes. A simplified source model for the 2011 Tohoku earthquake is constructed from estimates of initial ocean surface responses to approximate the vertical motions over realistic spatial and temporal scales. Resulting TEC perturbations from modeling case studies appear consistent with observational data, reproducing pronounced TEC depletions which are shown to be a consequence of the impacts of nonlinear, dissipating acoustic waves. Thermospheric acoustic compressional velocities are ∼±250–300 m/s, superposed with downward flows of similar amplitudes, and temperature perturbations are ∼300 K, while the dominant wave periodicity in the thermosphere is ∼3–4 min. Results capture acoustic wave processes including reflection, onset of resonance, and nonlinear steepening and dissipation—ultimately leading to the formation of ionospheric TEC depletions “holes”—that are consistent with reported observations. Three additional simulations illustrate the dependence of atmospheric acoustic wave and subsequent ionospheric responses on the surface displacement amplitude, which is varied from the Tohoku case study by factors of 1/100, 1/10, and 2. Collectively, results suggest that TEC depletions may only accompany very‐large amplitude thermospheric acoustic waves necessary to induce a nonlinear response, here with saturated compressional velocities ∼200–250 m/s generated by sea surface displacements exceeding ∼1 m occurring over a 3 min time period.
On the occurrence of magnetic reconnection equatorward of the cusps at the Earth's magnetopause during northward IMF conditions
Authors: Trattner K. J. , Thresher S. , Trenchi L. , Fuselier S. A. , Petrinec S. M. , Peterson W. K. , Marcucci M. F. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMagnetic reconnection changes the topology of magnetic field lines. This process is most readily observable with in situ instrumentation at the Earth's magnetopause as it creates open magnetic field lines to allow energy and momentum flux to flow from the solar wind to the magnetosphere. Most models use the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) to determine the location of these magnetopause entry points, known as reconnection lines. Dayside locations of magnetic reconnection equatorward of the cusps are generally found during sustained intervals of southward IMF, while high‐latitude region regions poleward of the cusps are observed for northward IMF conditions. In this study we discuss Double Star magnetopause crossings and a conjunction with a Polar cusp crossing during northward IMF conditions with a dominant IMF BY component. During all seven dayside magnetopause crossings, Double Star detected switching ion beams, a known signature for the presence of reconnection lines. In addition, Polar observed a cusp ion‐energy dispersion profile typical for a dayside equatorial reconnection line. Using the cutoff velocities for the precipitating and mirrored ion beams in the cusp, the distance to the reconnection site is calculated, and this distance is traced back to the magnetopause, to the vicinity of the Double Star satellite locations. Our analysis shows that, for this case, the predicted line of maximum magnetic shear also coincides with that dayside reconnection location.
Total electron content disturbances during minor sudden stratospheric warming, over the Brazilian region: A case study during January 2012
Authors: Vieira F. , Fagundes P. R. , Venkatesh K. , Goncharenko L. P. , Pillat V. G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe effects of sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) on ionosphere have been investigated by several scientists, using different observational techniques and model simulations. However, the minor SSW event during January 2012 is one of those that are less studied. Influences of several types of possible drivers—minor SSW event, changing solar flux, moderate geomagnetic storm on 22–25 January, and one of the largest solar proton events on 23–30 January—make it a challenging period to interpret. In the present study, the GPS‐total electron content (TEC) measurements from a network of 72 receivers over the Brazilian region are considered. This network of 72 GPS‐TEC locations lies between 5°N and 30°S (35°) latitudes and 35°W and 65°W (30°) longitudes. Further, two chains of GPS receivers are used to study the response of the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) in the Brazilian eastern and western sectors, as well as its day‐to‐day variability before and during the SSW‐2012. It was noted that the TEC is depleted to the order of 30% all over the Brazilian region, from equator to beyond the EIA regions and from east to west sectors. It is also noticed that the EIA strengths at the east and west sectors were weakened during the SSW‐2012. However, the Brazilian eastern sector was found to be more disturbed compared to the western sector during this SSW‐2012 event.
Human Cloning: Arguments for
Authors: Devolder Katrien , Gyngell Christopher 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Dolly, the sheep, was the first mammal cloned from a somatic cell using a technique called somatic cell nuclear transfer. The announcement of her birth in 1997 sparked a heated debate about the ethics of human reproductive cloning, resulting in most countries legally banning it. Some of the reasons why someone may want to create a human clone are based on erroneous assumptions. However, sometimes there are justified
pro tanto
reasons in favor of cloning. Most arguments against human cloning are more problematic and limited in scope than generally assumed. Thus, cloning may be ethically permissible in certain contexts.

Key Concepts

Cloning is a process that creates a genetic replica of an organism.

Cloning is ubiquitous in nature.

The most straightforward reason why someone may want to reproduce through cloning is to have a genetically related child.

Cloning would enable parents to have a child with a genome identical to that of a person with good health or other desirable characteristics.

Cloning would provide an efficient way to create a ‘saviour sibling’ who could act as a tissue donor for a sick sibling.

Cloning could significantly expand our procreative options.
Risks for Relatives
Authors: Hopper John L , Dite Gillian S , Byrnes Graham B 
Published: January 2017

AbstractStudying risks for relatives of persons with a disease (affected probands) compared with relatives of persons without the disease (unaffected probands) can reveal important information on the likely causes of that disease. Even modestly increased risk for relatives cannot exist without there being strong underlying familial risk factors. Studying risks for relatives, including twins, as a function of the strength of genetic, environmental and cohabitational relationships to the probands can help resolve whether the familial risk factors are likely to have a genetic or environmental aetiology, the more so if specific genes and environmental exposures are measured for one or more of the family members. Because only a small proportion of the familial aggregations of common diseases can be explained by known genes and other familial causes, there is scope for greatly expanding our knowledge of disease aetiology through information that can be gained from studying risks for relatives.Key ConceptsDiscovering the familial causes of risks for relatives can reveal important information on the likely causes of diseases.Even modestly increased risks for relatives cannot exist without there being strong familial factors.Shared familial risk factors may be genetic or due to environment or cohabitation (such as infection, diet and shared social factors).The effects on disease risk of genetic and nongenetic familial risk factors are often confounded (i.e. strongly correlated) but can potentially be separated by considering degree of relatedness and duration of living together (cohabitation) and living apart.There is scope for greatly expanding knowledge about disease aetiology through studying risks for relatives.
Ecological Developmental Biology
Authors: Gilbert Scott F 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Ecological developmental biology is the science that studies the interactions between developing organisms and their environmental contexts. It studies development in the ‘real world’ of predators, competitors, symbionts, toxic compounds, temperature changes and nutritional differences. The environment plays a substantial role in development, and in many instances, normal development cannot occur without environmental signalling. Symbionts, for instance are needed in many organisms for the development of particular organs. Environmental agents can elicit epigenetic changes in gene expression that can change an organism's phenotype. In many instances, however, substances in the environment of developing organisms can act detrimentally, causing birth defects and predisposing the organism to diseases in adulthood. Epigenetics has recently provided startling insights into how environmental agents experienced during embryonic development can predispose one to cancer, obesity, hypertension and diabetes later in life.

Key Concepts

The environment plays critical roles during normal development.

The genome encodes a repertoire of possible phenotypes. Environment often selects which of those genes will become active and which phenotypes will become expressed.

Reaction norms are phenotypes that quantitatively respond to environmental conditions, such that the phenotype reflects small differences in the environmental conditions.

Polyphenisms represent ‘either/or’ phenotypes wherein one set of conditions elicits one phenotype, while another set of conditions elicits another phenotype.

Organisms usually develop in symbiotic relationships with other organisms; and signals from the symbionts are often critical for normal development.

Teratogens (such as ethanol) are compounds that can cause birth defects by disrupting normal development.

Endocrine disruptors are compounds in the environment that can disrupt normal development by changing gene expression in ways that are not seen phenotypically for years after birth.

Ecological developmental biology proposes new mechanisms through which evolution can occur. These include epialleles (inherited patterns of chromatin alterations giving inherited variants of gene expression patterns), plasticity‐driven adaptation and symbiont‐mediated variation.
Alternative Splicing and Human Disease
Authors: Stamm Stefan 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Almost all human protein coding genes undergo alternative splicing, and an increasing number of diseases is associated with the selection of ‘wrong’ splice sites. Such missplicing can be caused by mutations in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), mutations in splicing factors and changes in the concentration of splicing factors. The effect of these mutations can be predicted using bioinformatic tools, but any prediction needs to be validated experimentally. Advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating splice site selection resulted in the development of treatment options using RNA (ribonucleic acid) oligonucleotides as well as small molecules that inhibit or alter alternative splicing. Oligonucleotides for treatment of spinal muscular atrophy and Duchenne muscular dystrophy have advanced into clinical trials and serve as a paradigm for the treatment of other diseases caused by missplicing.

Key Concepts

Mechanism of alternative splice site selection.

Changes in alternative splicing caused by mutations that result in disease.

Mutations leading to a change in alternative splicing.

Analysis of mutations that change splice site selection.

Splicing‐changing oligonucleotides to treat diseases.

Small molecules as splicing inhibitors or modulators to treat diseases.
Nichtwässrige mikrowellengestützte Synthesen von Deca‐ und Hexamolybdovanadaten
Authors: Spillane Samuel , Sharma Rupali , Zavras Athanasios , Mulder Roger , Ohlin C. André , Goerigk Lars , O'Hair Richard A. J. , Ritchie Chris 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEin neuer Ansatz zur Synthese von Heterohexa‐ und Heterodecametallaten unter nichtwässrigen, mikrowellengestützten Reaktionsbedingungen wurde entwickelt. Die zwei neuartigen Molybdovanadate wurden isoliert und im festen sowie gelösten Zustand mittels Einkristall‐Röntgenbeugung, FT‐IR‐, UV/Vis‐ und multinuklearer NMR‐Spektroskopie sowie ESI‐MS charakterisiert. Die relativen Stabilitäten der möglichen Strukturisomere beider Polyoxometallatsysteme wurden mithilfe von dispersionskorrigierten DFT‐Rechnungen untersucht.
Electrochemically Driven Transformation of Amorphous Carbons to Crystalline Graphite Nanoflakes: A Facile and Mild Graphitization Method
Authors: Peng Junjun , Chen Nanqing , He Rui , Wang Zhiyong , Dai Sheng , Jin Xianbo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlthough, in the carbon family, graphite is the most thermodynamically stable allotrope, conversion of other carbon allotropes, even amorphous carbons, into graphite is extremely hard. We report a simple electrochemical route for the graphitization of amorphous carbons through cathodic polarization in molten CaCl2 at temperatures of about 1100 K, which generates porous graphite comprising petaloid nanoflakes. This nanostructured graphite allows fast and reversible intercalation/deintercalation of anions, promising a superior cathode material for batteries. In a Pyr14TFSI ionic liquid, it exhibits a specific discharge capacity of 65 and 116 mAh g−1 at a rate of 1800 mA g−1 when charged to 5.0 and 5.25 V vs. Li/Li+, respectively. The capacity remains fairly stable during cycling and decreases by only about 8 % when the charge/discharge rate is increased to 10000 mA g−1 during cycling between 2.25 and 5.0 V.
Lichtaktivierte Sensoren zur empfindlichen Amindetektion
Authors: Valderrey Virginia , Bonasera Aurelio , Fredrich Sebastian , Hecht Stefan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUnsere neue, einfache und akkurate colorimetrische Methode basiert auf Diarylethenen (DAEs) zur schnellen Detektion einer großen Vielfalt primärer und sekundärer Amine. Die Sensoren bestehen aus aldehyd‐ oder ketonsubstituierten Diarylethenen, die selektiv ausgehend vom geschlossenen Isomer eine amininduzierte Entfärbungsreaktion eingehen. Somit können diese Sensoren zum gewünschten Zeitpunkt durch Lichteinstrahlung aktiviert werden und erlauben eine Empfindlichkeit der Amindetektion bis hinab zu 10−6 m in Lösung. Zusätzlich ermöglicht die Immobilisierung auf Papier den Nachweis biogener Amine wie Cadaverin in der Gasphase oberhalb eines Grenzwerts von 12 ppbv innerhalb von 30 Sekunden.
Enantioselective NiH/Pmrox‐Catalyzed 1,2‐Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Chen Fenglin , Zhang Yao , Yu Lei , Zhu Shaolin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe enantioselective 1,2‐reduction of α,β‐unsaturated ketones was achieved using a NiH catalyst in the presence of pinacolborane. This mild process represents a general method to access a wide variety of structurally diverse α‐chiral allylic alcohols in excellent yields and enantioselectivity, as well as very high levels of ambidoselectivity for 1,2‐ over 1,4‐reduction. Furthermore, for reactions on a 10 mmol scale, catalyst loadings as low as 0.5 mol % could be employed to deliver product without any detrimental effect on the yield, enantio‐, or ambidoselectivity.