bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early severe institutional deprivation is associated with a persistent variant of adult attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder: clinical presentation, developmental continuities and life circumstances in the English and Romanian Adoptees study
Authors: Kennedy Mark , Kreppner Jana , Knights Nicky , Kumsta Robert , Maughan Barbara , Golm Dennis , Rutter Michael , Schlotz Wolff , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund J.S. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundEarly‐life institutional deprivation is associated with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) later in childhood and adolescence. In this article, we examine, for the first time, the persistence of deprivation‐related ADHD into young adulthood in a sample of individuals adopted as young children by UK families after periods in extremely depriving Romanian orphanages.MethodsWe estimated rates of ADHD at age 15 years and in young adulthood (ages 22–25 years) in individuals at low (LoDep; nondeprived UK adoptees and Romanian adoptees with less than 6‐month institutional exposure) and high deprivation‐related risk (HiDep; Romanian adoptees with more than 6‐month exposure). Estimates were based on parent report using DSM‐5 childhood symptom and impairment criteria. At age 15, data were available for 108 LoDep and 86 HiDep cases, while in young adulthood, the numbers were 83 and 60, respectively. Data on education and employment status, IQ, co‐occurring symptoms of young adult disinhibited social engagement (DSE), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), cognitive impairment, conduct disorder (CD), callous‐unemotional (CU) traits, anxiety, depression and quality of life (QoL) were also collected.ResultsADHD rates in the LoDep group were similar to the general population in adolescence (5.6%) and adulthood (3.8%). HiDep individuals were, respectively, nearly four (19%) and over seven (29.3%) times more likely to meet criteria, than LoDep. Nine ‘onset’ young adult cases emerged, but these had a prior childhood history of elevated ADHD behaviours at ages 6, 11 and 15 years. Young adult ADHD was equally common in males and females, was predominantly inattentive in presentation and co‐occurred with high levels of ASD, DSE and CU features. ADHD was associated with high unemployment and low educational attainment.ConclusionWe provide the first evidence of a strong persistence into adulthood of a distinctively complex and impairing deprivation‐related variant of ADHD. Our results confirm the powerful association of early experience with later development in a way that suggests a role for deep‐seated alterations to brain structure and function.
Single‐room usage patterns and allocation decision‐making in an Australian public hospital: a sequential exploratory study
Authors: Bloomer Melissa J. , Lee Susan F. , Lewis David P. , Biro Mary Anne , Moss Cheryle 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aims are to (1) measure occupancy rates of single and shared rooms; (2) compare single room usage patterns and (3) explore the practice, rationale and decision‐making processes associated with single rooms; across one Australian public health service.BackgroundThere is a tendency in Australia and internationally to increase the proportion of single patient rooms in hospitals. To date there have been no Australian studies that investigate the use of single rooms in clinical practice.DesignThis study used a sequential exploratory design with data collected in 2014.MethodsA descriptive survey was used to measure the use of single rooms across a two‐week time frame. Semi‐structured interviews were undertaken with occupancy decision‐makers to explore the practices, rationale decision‐making process associated with single‐room allocation.ResultsTotal bed occupancy did not fall below 99·4% during the period of data collection. Infection control was the primary reason for patients to be allocated to a single room, however, the patterns varied according to ward type and single‐room availability. For occupancy decision‐makers, decisions about patient allocation was a complex and challenging process, influenced and complicated by numerous factors including occupancy rates, the infection status of the patient/s, funding and patient/family preference. Bed moves were common resulting from frequent re‐evaluation of need.ConclusionApart from infection control mandates, there was little tangible evidence to guide decision‐making about single‐room allocation. Further work is necessary to assist nurses in their decision‐making.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is a trend towards increasing the proportion of single rooms in new hospital builds. Coupled with the competing clinical demands for single room care, this study highlights the complexity of nursing decision‐making about patient allocation to single rooms, an issue urgently requiring further attention.
Quality of life improves in patients with chronic heart failure and Cheyne‐Stokes respiration treated with adaptive servo‐ventilation in a nurse‐led heart failure clinic
Authors: Olseng Margareth W , Olsen Brita F , Hetland Arild , Fagermoen May S , Jacobsen Morten 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate if quality of life improved in chronic heart failure patients with Cheyne‐Stokes respiration treated with adaptive servo‐ventilation in nurse‐led heart failure clinic.BackgroundCheyne‐Stokes respiration is associated with decreased quality of life in patients with chronic heart failure. Adaptive servo‐ventilation is introduced to treat this sleep‐disordered breathing.DesignRandomised, controlled design.MethodsFifty‐one patients (ranging from 53–84 years), New York Heart Association III‐IV and/or left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% and Cheyne‐Stokes respiration were randomised to an intervention group who received adaptive servo‐ventilation or a control group. Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire was used to assess quality of life at randomisation and after three months. Both groups were followed in the nurse‐led heart failure clinic.ResultAdaptive servo ventilation improved quality of life‐scores both in a per protocol analysis and in an intention to treat analysis. Twenty‐one patients dropped out of the study, nine in the control and 12 in the intervention group.ConclusionUse of adaptive servo‐ventilation improved quality of life in chronic heart failure patients with Cheyne‐Stokes respiration. However, the drop‐out rate was high.Relevance to clinical practiceChronic heart failure patients come regularly to the nurse‐led heart failure clinic. The heart failure nurses’ competency has to include knowledge of equipment to provide support and continuity of care to the patients.
Perceived learning needs according to patients who have undergone major coronary interventions and their nurses
Authors: Mosleh Sultan M , Eshah Nidal F , Almalik Mona MA 
Published: June 2016

Aims and ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to identify the differences in perceived learning needs between cardiac patients who have undergone major coronary interventions and their nurses.BackgroundThe decrease in length of stay after cardiac interventions has signalled an urgent need to provide effective in‐hospital health education. Therefore, the content of health education should bridge the gap between nurses' and patients' views of what information is important for ensuring patients' optimum recovery.DesignA descriptive comparative design was employed.MethodsPatients were invited to participate if they had undergone angioplasty or bypass surgery and were ready for discharge within 24–48 hours. A convenience sample of 365 cardiac patients and 166 cardiac nurses participated in this study. Baseline data on patients' and nurses' sociodemographics, clinical history and experience were collected through personal interviews. Then, participants completed the Patient Learning Needs Scale to identify their perceptions of the learning needs after cardiac interventions.ResultsThe top‐priority learning needs according to both patients and cardiac nurses was information on wound care and medication. In contrast, the lowest‐priority learning need was physical activity. Nurses perceived information about physical activity as most needed to patients, whereas patients perceived information about medications, postintervention complications and postintervention concerns as mostly needed.ConclusionThe disparity between perceptions of patient and nurses on the essential content to be learned highlights the importance of considering both of these parties when establishing health education programmes. In addition, nurses should focus more on information related to the recovery period and immediate needs after discharge.Relevance to clinical practiceInformation about wound care, medication and potential complications should be the core of predischarge education programmes. In addition, nurses should focus on improve patients' awareness of secondary prevention and lifestyle modification, as patients pay less attention to these vital topics.
Intimate partner violence and pregnant and parenting adolescents in out‐of‐home care: reflections on a data set and implications for intervention
Authors: Herrman Judith W , Finigan‐Carr Nadine , Haigh Katherine M 
Published: June 2016

Aims and ObjectivesTo present the findings from a data set reflecting intimate partner violence among adolescents who are pregnant and parenting and living in out‐of‐home care and to analyse these findings in order to generate potential interventions to address this significant issue.BackgroundBecause of their developmental stage, coupled with the stress of pregnancy and new parenthood, adolescent women who are pregnant or postpartum are often at a high risk of abuse. Violence may include physical, emotional/psychological, verbal and sexual abuse, along with birth control sabotage and pregnancy coercion. Adolescent mothers in out‐of‐home care such as foster care, juvenile detention facilities, kinship care or living in complex family circumstances may be at an even higher risk of intimate partner violence related to the increase in stress, conflict and tenuous situations.DesignThis descriptive study was designed, using baseline self‐report and demographic data, to examine the relationship of pregnancy or parenting among adolescents with a fear of or reported involvement in intimate partner violence.MethodsA total of 151 sexually active, urban, system‐involved youths in out‐of‐home care were assessed between 2012–2015 with a survey questionnaire assessment of sexual reproductive health behaviours, areas of risk and protective factors.ResultsThe findings indicated a significant association between ever having been pregnant and fear of intimate partner violence.ConclusionsIn this population, fear of intimate partner violence was prevalent among adolescent mothers, adding to the complexity of an already difficult family situation. Due to the small sample size and the potential correlation between intimate partner violence and adolescent motherhood, future longitudinal studies with larger samples of adolescents residing in out‐of‐home care are needed to better understand how this relationship impacts adolescent mothers, their children and families.
The nurse response to abnormal vital sign recording in the emergency department
Authors: Johnson Kimberly D , Mueller Lindsey , Winkelman Chris 
Published: June 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine what occurs after a recorded observation of at least one abnormal vital sign in the emergency department. The aims were to determine how often abnormal vital signs were recorded, what interventions were documented, and what factors were associated with documented follow‐up for abnormal vital signs.BackgroundMonitoring quality of care, and preventing or intervening before harm occurs to patients are central to nurses’ roles. Abnormal vital signs have been associated with poor patient outcomes and require follow‐up after the observation of abnormal readings to prevent patient harm related to a deteriorating status. This documentation is important to quality and safety of care.DesignObservational, retrospective chart review.MethodsModified Early Warning Score was calculated for all recorded vital signs for 195 charts. Comparisons were made between groups: (1) no abnormal vital signs, (2) abnormal vital sign present, but normal Modified Early Warning Score and (3) critically abnormal Modified Early Warning Score.ResultsAbout 62·1% of charts had an abnormal vital sign documented. Critically abnormal values were present in 14·9%. No documentation was present in 44·6% of abnormal cases. When interventions were documented, it was usually to notify the physician. The timing within the emergency department visit when the abnormalities were observed and the degree of abnormality had significant relationships to the presence of documentation.ConclusionsIt is doubtful that nurses do not recognise abnormalities because more severely abnormal vital signs were more likely to have documented follow‐up. Perhaps the interruptive nature of the emergency department or the prioritised actions of the nurse impacted documentation within this study. Further research is required to determine why follow‐up is not being documented.Relevance to clinical practiceTo ensure safety and quality of patient care, accurate documentation of responses to abnormal vital signs is required.
Radiographic Blind Test of Curvature of the Posterior Border of the Mandibular Ramus as a Morphological Indicator of Gender
Authors: Peregrina Alejandro , Azer Shereen S. , Tao Erin E. , Johnston William M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPurposeCurvature of the posterior border of the mandibular ramus at the occlusal plane has been described as a morphological trait for males. Controversy over the accuracy of this method remains among researchers; studies employing similar methods report accuracy rates for successful gender identification ranging from 59% to 99%. This blind study assessed evaluators’ ability to determine gender based on the presence or absence of curvature of the posterior margin of the mandibular ramus through panoramic radiographs.Materials and MethodsRandomly selected panoramic radiographs were obtained from The Ohio State University College of Dentistry for 413 adult male (M) and female (F) subjects. Two evaluators separately assigned ratings using a similar method to the Loth and Henenberg methodology to each subject on the right and left sides of mandibular rami. The ratings were based upon three criteria: (1) presence of curvature at the occlusal plane (M), (2) presence of curvature but not at the occlusal plane (F), and (3) lack of curvature (F). Pearson exact chi‐squared test was used to evaluate the statistical strength of the ratings.ResultsThe evaluators were only in agreement for both the right and left rami in roughly two‐thirds (66.8%) of cases when there was no excessive tooth loss (ETL); however, the inter‐observer agreement improved to 82.1% for those rami associated with ETL. Inter‐observer agreement occurred in 72.9% of female rami and in only 64.4% of male rami.ConclusionThe results of this study indicated that assessment of posterior border curvature of mandibular rami through panoramic radiographs was not a reliable indicator of gender and was further plagued by unacceptably high levels of inter‐observer disagreement.
ACCOUNTING FOR LOCAL SPATIAL HETEROGENEITIES IN HOUSING MARKET STUDIES
Authors: Osland Liv , Thorsen Ingrid Sandvig , Thorsen Inge 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTWe adopt a novel method to deal with omitted spatial heterogeneities in hedonic house price analysis. A Gaussian variant of the conditional autoregressive (CAR) model is used to study the impact of spatial effects. In a general linear modeling framework, we include zone‐specific random effects that are allowed to interact spatially with neighboring zones. The results demonstrate that this estimator accounts for missing spatial information, producing more reliable results on estimated spatially related coefficients. The CAR model is benchmarked against a fixed effects model. Socioeconomic neighborhood characteristics are found to have only modest impact on spatial variation in housing prices.
Trophic niche partitioning between two Rock Nuthatches (Sitta tephronota&Sitta neumayer) in a contact zone in Iran
Authors: Mohammadi A. , Kaboli M. , Ashrafi S. , Mofidi‐Neyestanak M. , Yousefi M. , Rezaei A. , Stuart Y. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTwo sympatric nuthatch species,Sitta tephronotaandS. neumayer, provided the exemplar case of character displacement when the term was coined. The two species are quite similar morphologically but have diverged from one another in sympatry, presumably because of competition‐driven selection favoring the partitioning of food resources. However, actual diet partitioning has never been shown. Here, we report the dietary composition of the two species by analyzing items recovered from the gastrointestinal tract. We found thatS. tephronatafed predominantly on Coleopterans, Hemipterans and Orthopterans with the most important seed plants taken beingAmygdalus lycioides, Ficus caricaand Fabaceae, whereas,S. neumayerfed mainly on Coleopterans, Hemipterans and Lepidopteran, withA. lycioides, Fabaceae andTritium aestivumas the most important plants taken. To determine whether the two species partition prey into different sizes, we examined two mostly abundant insect preys (Hemipterans and Coleopterans) and measured head length for Hemipterans and mandible size for Coleopterans as proxies for prey body size. We found a significant relationship between bird body size and prey size, asS. tephronata, which is larger, captured larger bugs and beetles. We also measured the ability of each species to crack seeds of different hardness, finding thatS. tephronatatakes larger and harder seeds thanS. neumayer. Analyses of trophic niche breadth and overlap showed (1) that trophic niche breadth forS. neumayerwas wider than that forS. tephronata;(2) overall trophic niche overlap was considerably high but (3) overlap in the size of the most frequently consumed insects was low, suggesting that the species may be partitioning resources by prey size. We conclude that the relative body size of consumed prey is an important axis of niche partitioning and may have driven character displacement in associated trophic traits, allowing the stable coexistence of the two species.
Non‐random accumulation of LINE1‐like sequences on differentiated snake W chromosomes
Authors: Mezzasalma M. , Visone V. , Petraccioli A. , Odierna G. , Capriglione T. , Guarino F. M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDue to their particular phylogenetic position and biological characteristics, squamate reptiles and, in particular, snakes are becoming an increasingly important model for fields such as evolutionary biology, molecular ecology and adaptation. Recently, during a study to analyze the evolutionary history of European whip snakes, we found a LINE1 (L1)‐like sequence (GenBank accession no. LM644476), herein called TRL1L, and while there are data on the abundance of L1 in snakes, their genomic and chromosome localization is still largely unexplored. We therefore performed a study to obtain information on TRL1L abundance, distribution and conservation in snake species, belonging to the Colubridae, Lamprophiidae and Viperidae families, using quantitative dot‐blot and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). TRL1L showed a high identity with homologous segments of L1s of lizards the Anolis carolinensis and Lacerta agilis and the zebrafish Danio rerio. The discovered sequences are truncated L1 elements which occur with a low copy number, about 0.1% of the genome of the species studied. This evidence suggests that L1 retroposons have a similar landscape in lizard and snake genomes, probably because similar processes limited L1 distribution in their genomes. TRL1L showed a non‐random chromosome distribution pattern. It was scarcely located on autosomes and on the euchromatic W chromosome of Cerastes vipera, while mostly found on the heterochromatic W chromosome of Hierophis carbonarius and Elaphe quatuorlineata. Our data support the hypothesis that a ‘purifying selection’ against the accumulation of L1 elements takes place in recombining regions and highlight the possible role of these elements in the differentiation processes of the snake heterochromatic W chromosome. Interestingly, the preferential distribution of TRL1L on the heterochromatic W chromosomes of the studied snakes appears to be similar to that observed in mammals for L1 accumulation on differentiated Y chromosomes. This finding suggests that a convergent process may have taken place in the differentiation of vertebrate heterochromatic sex chromosomes.
The effects of face‐to‐face versus live video‐feed interviewing on children's event reports
Authors: Hamilton Gemma , Whiting Elizabeth A. , Brubacher Sonja P. , Powell Martine B. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeRecent advances in technology have raised a potentially promising service to overcome difficulties associated with remote witnesses: live video‐feed interviews. The efficacy of this mode of interviewing, however, lacks empirical evidence, particularly with children in an investigative context.MethodsThis study explored the effects of live video‐feed compared to face‐to‐face interviewing on the memory reports of 100 children (aged 5–12). Children participated in an innocuous event and were interviewed 1–2 days later by experienced interviewers.ResultsAnalyses indicated that live video‐feed interviewing was just as effective as face‐to‐face interviewing in terms of the accuracy and informativeness of children's accounts. Video‐feed interviews, however, required a higher number of clarification prompts compared to face‐to‐face interviews. These findings were not influenced by children's familiarity with technology.ConclusionsAn initial test of live video‐feed interviewing indicates it is a safe and effective method for interviewing children about an innocuous event.