bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrogen treatment effects on rats soleus muscles' glycogen content, extracellular matrix and cross-sectional area
Authors: Severi M. , Durigan J. , Pereira E. , Batista e Silva L. , Martins W. , Vieira E. , Tibana R. , Prestes J. , Marqueti R. , Silva C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of estrogen treatment of rats' soleus muscles after denervation on glucose metabolism, muscle mass, glycogen content, cross-sectional area and connective tissue density. Methods: Eighteen rats were divided into the following three groups of six animals: control, denervated for 7 days (denervated), and denervated with estradiol treatment for 7 days (denervated and treated). We measured glucose and insulin tolerance, muscle glycogen, mass, cross-sectional area and connective tissue content. Results: The denervated only and the denervated and treated groups displayed a significant reduction in glucose uptake (32% and 53% respectively compared with the control group; p<0.05). Soleus muscle denervation reduced muscle glycogen (0.25 ± 0.03 vs 0.43 ± 0.02 mg/100mg; p<0.05), muscle mass (0.33 ± 0.09 vs. 0.48 ± 0.06 mg/g; p<0.05) and cross-sectional area (1626 ± 352 vs. 2234 ± 349 μm2; p<0.05), and increased connective tissue content (35 ± 7 vs. 10 ± 5%; p<0.05) compared to controls. Estrogen treatment decreased connective tissue density in the denervated and treated group (24 ± 4%; p<0.05) compared to the denervated group. It also prevented alterations on muscle glycogen in denervated and trated group. However, estrogen treatment did not prevent muscle atrophy (1626 ± 352 vs. 1712 ± 319 μm2). Conclusion: Estrogen treatment of rats' soleus muscles after denervation increased muscle glycogen content and minimized connective tissue density increase, but it did not prevent muscle atrophy.
Resilience: Protective Factors for Depression and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder among African American Women?
Authors: Holden K. B. , Hernandez N. D. , Wrenn G. L. , Belton A. S. 
Published: December 2017

There is a great need to carefully examine issues that may elevate one’s risk for mental illness and develop strategies to mitigate risk and cultivate resilience. African Americans, specifically African American women (AAW), are disproportionately affected by mental illness, including depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Higher rates of PTSD among AAW may be explained by significant rates of trauma exposure. Higher resiliency in individuals with mental illnesses is associated with better treatment response/outcomes. An examination of two (2) promising psycho-educational curricula for AAW at risk for depression and PTSD supports consideration of resilience as a protective factor among this population. Strengthening psychological resilience among diverse AAW at risk for depression and/or PTSD may serve as a protective factor for symptom severity. Multidimensional prevention and intervention strategies should incorporate culturally-centered, gender-specific, and strengths-based (resilience) models of care to help encourage mental health help-seeking and promotion of wellness for AAW.
SABERES E PROCESSOS EDUCATIVOS NAS EXPERIÊNCIAS DE TRABALHO EM TERRITÓRIOS INSULARES.
Authors: Silva Maria Graça 
Published: December 2017

Busca analisar saberes e processos educativos inscritos em experiências de trabalho dinamizadas por mulheres e homens que integram a Associação dos Moradores e Pequenos Produtores Rurais de João Pilatos (AMPPRJP), que no cotidiano social informam relações com a biodiversidade local, examinando perspectivas de diálogo com práticas educativas escolar do campo. Trata-se de uma comunidade insular amazônida, cujas territorialidades guardam memórias de uma ancestralidade que se efetiva por meio de uma relação intensa e sistemática com a natureza, nem sempre reconhecida e considerada pelas políticas públicas. Metodologicamente opta pelo materialismo histórico, com uso de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam a centralidade do trabalho como um meio de sobrevivência do grupo familiar, cujas práticas produtivas são permeadas por princípios educativos e se constituem em espaços de circulação de saberes, de vivências e sociabilidades dos grupos sociais da comunidade e promovem impacto positivo nas suas realidades e aproximação e diálogo com a escola local.Palavras-chave: Saberes do Trabalho, Processos Educativos, Territorialidade Ancestral. Biodiversidade.
Semi -Markov Reliability Model of Two Different Units Cold Standby System
Authors: Grabski Franciszek 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A semi-Markov stochastic process is used for solving in a reliability problem in the paper. The problem concerns of two different component cold standby system and a switch. To obtain the reliability characteristic and parameters of the system we construct so called an embedded semi-Markov process in the process describing operation process of the system. In the model the conditional time to failure of the system is represented by a random variable denoting the first passage time from the given state to the specified subset of states. We apply theorems of the Semi-Markov processes theory concerning the conditional reliability functions to calculate the reliability function and mean time to failure of the system. Often an exact reliability function of the system by using Laplace transform is difficult to calculate, frequently impossible. The semi-Markov processes perturbation theory, allows to obtain an approximate reliability function of the system in that case.
Coherent Microwave Scattering Model of Marsh Grass
Authors: Duan Xueyang , Jones Cathleen E. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this work, we developed an electromagnetic scattering model to analyze radar scattering from tall‐grass‐covered lands such as wetlands and marshes. The model adopts the generalized iterative extended boundary condition method (GIEBCM) algorithm, previously developed for buried cylindrical media such as vegetation roots, to simulate the scattering from the grass layer. The major challenge of applying GIEBCM to tall grass is the extremely time‐consuming iteration among the large number of short subcylinders building up the grass. To overcome this issue, we extended the GIEBCM to multilevel GIEBCM, or M‐GIEBCM, in which we first use GIEBCM to calculate a T matrix (transition matrix) database of “straws” with various lengths, thicknesses, orientations, curvatures, and dielectric properties; we then construct the grass with a group of straws from the database and apply GIEBCM again to calculate the T matrix of the overall grass scene. The grass T matrix is transferred to S matrix (scattering matrix) and combined with the ground S matrix, which is computed using the stabilized extended boundary condition method, to obtain the total scattering. In this article, we will demonstrate the capability of the model by simulating scattering from scenes with different grass densities, different grass structures, different grass water contents, and different ground moisture contents. This model will help with radar experiment design and image interpretation for marshland and wetland observations.
Darwin, Charles (1809–1882)
Authors: Workman Lance 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Charles Darwin (1809–1882) was the leading naturalist of the nineteenth century. He transformed the way that we conceive of the natural world by providing evidence that organic evolution had taken place and by providing a principle to explain how this change occurs. Darwin called this principle natural selection or “survival of the fittest” which he likened to the artificial selection animal breeders utilize in order to alter features of their livestock. In addition to works on geology and marine life Darwin published three important books on evolution which introduced a whole raft of new evolutionary concepts. Such concepts included the notion of continuity of emotional expression between humans and other species and a second driving force for evolutionary change known as sexual selection. Whilst Darwin's ideas have always been controversial when applied to human behavior, Darwinism remains the widely accepted theory to explain evolutionary change and the diversity of life on earth.
Mass Culture and Mass Society
Authors: Alabarces Pablo 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The category of mass society appears in the early nineteenth century as a way to describe contemporary societies after industrialization: the demographic, economic, political, and cultural social transformations between the Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution. Mass society went on to describe any society in which the masses occupy roles and spaces previously reserved to its ruling classes or social groups dependent on them. Mass culture began with the popular press in the late nineteenth century, and after World War I there were mass film and radio, literature, and popular music. The article describes a history of both categories and its relations, as well as the different perspectives from academia, from the early twentieth century to the present.
Politics
Authors: Murphy Peter 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Political sociology commonly analyses the state in terms of legitimate authority. This is whether authority is charismatic, legal–rational, or traditional. This analytic framework was a response to the historic erosion of traditional societies and the rise of modernity. The political authority of modern societies is predominately procedural and impersonal in nature. This reflects the growth of the importance of organization in modern life, including the expansion of the role of government, the size of the state, and the sway of political parties. A second stream of political sociology looks at politics less as a function of government and organization, and more as a function of the tacit social order that provides the context of government and a rationale for its existence. The political sociology of order emphasizes the self‐organizing components of modern society. These complement the state. Where state policies are explicit and emphasize goal attainment, social order is tacit and generates social meaning. Politics, as opposed to politicking, focuses on the relation between order and organization. State policies and rules can facilitate or hinder self‐organizing institutions, depending on circumstances. In turn, self‐assembling social forms establish the limits of government and furnish the state with meaning and validity.
Species‐Being
Authors: Beamish Rob 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Species‐being (
Gattungswesen
), a controversial Feuerbachian‐inspired term refashioned in Marx's critique of Hegel's idealist philosophy, is central to Marx's conception of alienation and true communism. Following Feuerbach, Marx began with real, active humans, but, “inverting” Hegel's idealism, produced a dramatically different conception of species‐being. For Marx, humankind was a materially active, social being, compelled to produce (labor) in order to exist. Production (labor) – the ontological basis to praxis – changes and develops humankind's knowledge, conditions of being, and social arrangements. Under conditions of private property, the true social character of humankind's creative laboring activity is torn asunder by social – that is, class – division. Only by overturning private property can humankind's sociomaterial potential fully flourish in freedom.
Weak Ties (Strength of)
Authors: Tindall D.B. , Malinick Todd E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Weak ties are relationships between individuals marked by relatively low levels of intensity and emotional closeness. By contrast, strong ties are relationships that involve high levels of intensity and emotional closeness. The importance of weak ties to a variety of sociological phenomena has been most influentially articulated by Mark Granovetter in the most cited article in sociology, “The Strength of Weak Ties” (SWT). Granovetter argues that most people intuitively expect strong ties to generally be more important than weak ties, because those to whom we are closely tied are more motivated to help us, and are also more likely to be stronger sources of social influence and social support. However, basing his argument on principles of social psychology, Granovetter argues that weak ties are – paradoxically – more important for a variety of phenomena, from helping people obtain a job, to the diffusion of ideas and innovations, to facilitating collective action. This entry describes the key theoretical underpinnings of Granovetter's SWT argument, and its application to various topics including job searches, and collective action and social movements. Also discussed are contextual issues, conceptualization and measurement, virtual networks, and related problems and future research.
The “Tse Tsa Watle” Speaker Series: An Example of Ensemble Leadership and Generative Adult Learning
Authors: McKendry Virginia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis chapter examines an Indigenous speaker series formed to foster intercultural partnerships at a Canadian university. Using ensemble leadership and generative learning theories to make sense of the project, the author argues that ensemble leadership is key to designing the generative learning adult learners need in an era of ambiguity.
A One‐Structure‐Based Multieffects Coupled Nanogenerator for Simultaneously Scavenging Thermal, Solar, and Mechanical Energies
Authors: Ji Yun , Zhang Kewei , Yang Ya 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRapid advances in various energy harvesters impose the challenge on integrating them into one device structure with synergetic effects for full use of the available energies from the environment. Here, a multieffect coupled nanogenerator based on ferroelectric barium titanate is reported. It promotes the ability to simultaneously scavenging thermal, solar, and mechanical energies. By integration of a pyroelectric nanogenerator, a photovoltaic cell, and a triboelectric–piezoelectric nanogenerator in one structure with only two electrodes, multieffects interact with each other to alter the electric output, and a complementary power source with peak current of ≈1.5 µA, peak voltage of ≈7 V, and platform voltage of ≈6 V is successfully achieved. Compared with traditional hybridized nanogenerators with stacked architectures, the one‐structure‐based multieffects coupled nanogenerator is smaller, simpler, and less costly, showing prospective in practical applications and represents a new trend of all‐in‐one multiple energy scavenging.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based and Tetracyano‐Bridged Small Molecules for Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Patil Yuvraj , Misra Rajneesh 
Published: December 2017

AbstractResearch on bulk heterojunction organic solar cells has rapidly grown over the past two decades, and device performance has reached power conversion efficiencies over 13 %. In this focus review, we highlight design strategies used for the development of diketopyrrolopyrrole‐ and tetracyano‐based molecular donors. We also describe how tetracyano‐bridged non‐fullerene acceptors can be developed by a click‐type [2+2]‐cycloaddition–electrocyclic ring‐opening reaction of acetylene‐bridged small molecules with tetracyanoethylene by simple modification.
Infraleichtbeton: Reif für die Praxis
Authors: Schlaich Mike , Hückler Alex 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInfraleichtbeton ist nun – nach zehn Jahren Forschung an der TU Berlin und einem ersten Haus, das sich seit zehn Jahren bewährt – reif für die Praxis. Die Risiken, die er wie jede Neuerung mit sich bringt, sind jetzt überschaubar. Für diejenigen, die diesen Hochleistungsbeton als tragende Wärmedämmung einsetzen oder weiter erforschen wollen, ist in diesem Beitrag zuerst das Wichtigste zu solchen sehr leichten Betonen, die Sichtbetonbau praktisch ohne zusätzliche Dämmmaßnahmen ermöglichen, zusammengefasst. Die weiteren Ergebnisse der bisherigen Forschung der Autoren und laufende Untersuchungen werden danach ausführlich vorgestellt. Die werkstoffgerechte Durchbildung konstruktiver Details und das gestalterische Potenzial solch neuartiger Betone wird ebenso besprochen wie die für die Umsetzung bisher noch nötige Zustimmung im Einzelfall (ZiE) für Infraleichtbeton. Zum Schluss werden die wenigen bisher gebauten und gerade in Planung befindlichen Gebäude aus Infraleichtbeton vorgestellt.
Benzothiazole‐Based Cycloplatinated Chromophores: Synthetic, Optical, and Biological Studies
Authors: Lalinde Elena , Lara Rebeca , López Icíar P. , Moreno M. Teresa , Alfaro‐Arnedo Elvira , Pichel José G. , Piñeiro‐Hermida Sergio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCycloplatinated complexes based on 2‐(4‐substituted)benzothiazole ligands of type [Pt(R‐PBT‐κC,N)Cl(L)] (PBT=2‐phenylbenzothiazole; R=Br (1), Me2N (2); L=dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; a), 1,3,5‐ triaza‐7‐phosphaadamantane (PTA; b), triphenylphosphine 3,3′,3′′‐trisulfonate (TPPTS; c)) and [Pt(Br‐PBT‐κC)Cl(PTA)2] (3) are presented. On the basis of the photophysical data and time‐dependent (TD)‐DFT calculations (1 a and 2 a), the low‐lying transitions (absorption and emission) were associated with ligand‐center (LC) charge transfer, with minor metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT), and intraligand charge transfer (ILCT) [Me2N‐PBT→PBT] excited states, respectively. Simultaneous fluorescence/phosphorescence bands were found in fluid solutions (and also in the solid state for 2 a), which become dominated by triplet emission bands in rigid media at 77 K. The effect of the concentration on emissive behavior of 2 a, b indicated the occurrence of aggregation‐induced luminescence properties related to the occurrence of metal–metal and π⋅⋅⋅π interactions, which are more enhanced in 2 a because of the less bulky DMSO ligand. The behavior of 2 a toward para‐toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) in aerated acetonitrile and to hydrogen chloride gas in the solid state has been evaluated, thus showing a clear reversible change between the 1ILCT and 3LC/3MLCT states due to protonation of the NMe2 group (theoretical calculations on 2 a‐H+). Solid 2 a undergoes a surprising oxidation of the PtII center to PtIV with concomitant deoxygenation of DMSO, under prolonged reaction with hydrogen chloride gas to afford the PtIV/dimethyl sulfide complex (mer‐[Pt(Me2N‐PBT‐κC,N)Cl3(SMe2)]; mer‐4), which evolves in solution to fac‐4, as confirmed by X‐ray studies. Cytotoxic activity studies on A549 and HeLa cell lines indicated cytotoxic activity of 1 b and 2 a, b. In addition, fluorescent cell microscopy revealed cytoplasmic staining, more visible in perinuclear areas. Inhibition of tubulin polymerization by 1 b in both cells is presented as a preliminary mechanism of its cytotoxic action.
Mikroplastik in der Umwelt
Authors: Primpke Sebastian , Imhof Hannes , Piehl Sarah , Lorenz Claudia , Löder Martin , Laforsch Christian , Gerdts Gunnar 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Untersuchung von Umweltproben auf Mikroplastik stellt eine große analytische Herausforderung dar. Bislang gibt es keine Langzeitdaten über die Variabilität und Zusammensetzung der gefundenen Belastungen. Es stehen aktuell unterschiedliche Varianten zur Probennahme und zur Mikroplastikextraktion aus Umweltproben zur Verfügung. In bisherigen Untersuchungen wurden sie jedoch nicht einheitlich durchgeführt, was die Vergleichbarkeit von erhobenen Daten erschwert. Anhand einer Beprobung von zwei Klärwerksausflüssen an unterschiedlichen Tagen konnte gezeigt werden, dass es deutliche Schwankungen in der Mikroplastikkonzentration am Klärwerksausfluss gab. Die jeweils festgestellte Partikelzusammensetzung unterschied sich ebenfalls an beiden Tagen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass eine Filtrationseinheit in Oldenburg die Mikroplastikbelastung um > 70 % reduziert und dabei Partikel größer >100 µm effizient entfernt. Die Verteilung der Partikelgrößen weist auf eine verstärkte Emission von sehr kleinen Partikeln gerade kleiner 50 µm hin.
Back Cover: Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Ti‐Doping Li1.15Ni0.47Sb0.38O2 as Lithium‐excess Cathode for Lithium‐ion Batteries (Chin. J. Chem. 12/2017)
Authors: Su Xiaozhi , Wang Xingbo , Chen Haiping , Yu Zhen , Qi Jiaxin , Tao Shi , Chu Wangsheng , Song Li 
Published: December 2017

The back cover picture shows X‐ray near edge absorption spectroscopy has been applied to cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries to explore its structure‐activity relationship. The result shows that in the Li‐rich cathode Li1.15Ni0.47Sb0.38O2, as a model system, Ti ions replaced the Li ions and then made an antistructure defect. It would change our understanding to the doped method for the cathode layer materials and benefit for designing other more powerful cathodes. In the picture, the road has been represented by the curve shape of the XANES of the as‐studied sample. The atomic arrangement around the Ti ion of the sample has been put into the tank position of the car. NSRL, National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, is the name of our laboratory. More details are discussed in the article by Chu et al. on page 1853–1860.
image
Determination of EC50Values for Cu, Zn, and Cr on Microorganisms Activity in a Mediterranean Sandy Soil
Authors: Carabassa Vicenç , Domene Xavier , Ortiz Oriol , Marks Evan A. N. , Alcañiz Josep M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEcotoxicity of three potentially toxic metals (PTM) (Cu, Zn, and Cr) in a slightly acidic sandy soil is tested using the soil respiration test (OECD‐217) in order to determine EC50values for the carbon transformation activity of microorganisms. Addition of an organic amendment ofPopulusleaves is also crossed with metal spiking in order to investigate possible interaction with metal toxicity. Soil respiration is measured at day 1 and 28 after the soil spiking with the PTM to assess short‐term effects on soil microbial activity. Of the three metals tested, Cu shows the highest toxicity at the longest exposure times (day 28) and Zn shows a strong inhibitory effect in the short‐term (day 1), even though later toxicity diminish significantly. Cr is the least toxic studied PTM. Organic amendment outweighs any adverse effects of these metals, increasing soil respiration, even in the treatments with high doses of metals.
Another alternate integrated circuit approach to modulation of radiofrequency transmission signals in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Yang Benson , Tam Fred , McElcheran Clare , Graham Simon J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractParallel radiofrequency transmission has garnered much attention for its wide range of benefits in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including reduced power deposition and radiofrequency excitation with improved spatial uniformity. However, few pTx systems are commercially available and most are expensive. This manuscript introduces another alternative parallel transmit architecture at 3 T based on field‐programmable gate array technology, and explores the utility of a low cost, integrated circuit approach to signal modulation that is easily scaled to high channel counts. The technical and engineering specifications of a complete 4‐channel signal modulation module are presented in detail, including radiofrequency characterization and MRI results. The experimental results are additionally compared to a commercially available 4‐channel modulation system. The findings indicate that the proposed device is easy to use, provides fine control of phase and amplitude on existing MRI systems, and can be fabricated for approximately 30 USD per channel. Initial estimates suggest that the complete 4‐channel modulation system (including the required software licenses and multi‐function reconfigurable input/output devices) can be implemented for approximately 10 000 USD.