bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of negative pressure wound therapy in burn patients
Authors: Teng Shou‐Cheng 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAccording to previous research, adjunctive negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) can help manage infected wounds when applied along with appropriate debridement and antibiotic therapy as deemed clinically relevant. NPWT not only removes fluid, and reduces oedema, but also promotes perfusion around the wounds. In addition, NPWT may lead to improved graft fixation when used as a bolster, especially in patients who are less compliant or have poor graft fixation that result from using traditional methods. NPWT is a good choice to bolster skin grafts in young, active and less‐compliant patients. We propose an enhanced segmental compartment‐covered technique, which uses NPWT adjunctively as first‐line wound treatment to help manage postoperative infection. Moreover, NPWT promotes granulation tissue formation to prepare the wound bed for subsequent skin graft and may be used as a bolster over the graft, which helps to attain skin graft viability.
Management of the open abdomen: clinical recommendations for the trauma/acute care surgeon and general surgeon
Authors: Fernández Luis G 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTraditionally, the surgical approach to managing abdominal injuries was to assess the extent of trauma, repair any damage and close the abdomen in one definitive procedure rather than leave the abdomen open. With advances in medicine, damage control surgery using temporary abdominal closure methods is being used to manage the open abdomen (OA) when closure is not possible. Although OA management is often observed in traumatic injuries, the extension of damage control surgery concepts, in conjunction with OA, for the management of the septic patient requires that the general surgeon who is faced with these challenges has a comprehensive knowledge of this complex subject. The purpose of this article is to provide guidance to the acute care and general surgeon on the use of OA negative pressure therapy (OA‐NPT; ABTHERA™ Open Abdomen Negative Pressure Therapy System, KCI, an ACELITY Company, San Antonio, TX) for OA management. A literature review of published evidence, clinical recommendations on managing the OA and a case study demonstrating OA management using OA‐NPT have been included.
Contact‐Force Catheters: Efficacy Versus Safety? Case Report of 2 Atrioesophageal Fistulae
Authors: GITENAY EDOUARD , O' HARA GILLES EDOUARD , SARRAZIN JEAN‐FRANÇOIS , NAULT ISABELLE , PHILIPPON FRANÇOIS , SADRON BLAYE‐FELICE MARIE , LAAOUAJ JAMAL , CHAMPAGNE JEAN 
Published: August 2016

Contact‐Force CathetersContact‐force (CF) catheters appear to be more effective compared to standard ablation catheters for complex radiofrequency ablation including atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation when optimal CF >10 g is achieved. Some have suggested that this technology could also improve procedural safety. We report 2 cases of atrioesophageal fistulae (AEF), a rare but catastrophic complication of AF ablation. These are to our knowledge the first cases of AEF described after using CF catheters.
The three moments of skin cream application: an evidence‐based proposal for use of skin creams in the prevention of irritant contact dermatitis in the workplace
Authors: Hines J. , Wilkinson S.M. , John S.M. , Diepgen T.L. , English J. , Rustemeyer T. , Wassilew S. , Kezic S. , Maibach H.I. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractContact dermatitis is one of the most common occupational diseases, with serious impact on quality of life, lost days at work and a condition that may be chronically relapsing. Regular prophylactic skin cream application is widely acknowledged to be an effective prevention strategy against occupational contact dermatitis; however, compliance rates remain low. To present a simple programme for skin cream application in the workplace with focus on implementation to drive down the rate of occupational irritant contact dermatitis, an expert panel of eight international dermatologists combined personal experience with extensive literature review. The recommendations are based on clinical experience as supported by evidence‐based data from interventional studies. The authors identified three moments for skin cream application in the work place: (i) before starting a work period; (ii) after washing hands; and (iii) after work. Affecting behaviour change requires systematic communications, monitoring and reporting, which is proposed through Kotter's principles of organizational change management. Measurement tools are provided in the appendix. Interventional data based on application of this proposal is required to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Phenotypes optimized for early‐life reproduction exhibit faster somatic deterioration with age, revealing a latent cost of high condition
Authors: Adler M. I. , Telford M. , Bonduriansky R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHigh condition enables individuals to express a phenotype with greater reproductive potential. However, life‐history theory predicts that reproduction will trade off with somatic maintenance and viability, and several studies have reported faster age‐related decline in performance in high‐condition individuals, suggesting that high condition in early life is associated with accelerated somatic deterioration. This trade‐off may be especially pronounced in males, which often express condition‐dependent secondary sexual traits that can impose viability costs during development and through damage‐inflicting adult sexual behaviours. To test this prediction, we reared larvae of the neriid flyTelostylinus angusticollison diets of varying nutrient content and quantified somatic deterioration in solitary males, males housed in all‐male or mixed‐sex groups and immobilized males subjected to mechanical stress. We found that males reared on a nutrient‐rich larval diet (high‐condition males) suffered a higher rate of somatic deterioration with age, particularly when housed in groups. Perhaps as a result of accelerated somatic deterioration, high‐condition males did not outlive low‐condition males. In addition, high‐condition males housed in all‐male groups experienced a greater reduction in escape response with age than males housed in mixed‐sex groups, suggesting that male–male combat promotes somatic deterioration. However, even when immobilized, high‐condition males were still found to be more susceptible to somatic damage than low‐condition males. Our findings suggest that a high‐condition male phenotype is more prone to somatic damage, both as a result of associated behaviours such as combat, and because of the inherent fragility of the high‐condition body.
Can positron emission tomography detect colorectal adenomas and cancers?
Authors: Igarashi Kimihiro , Hotta Kinichi , Imai Kenichiro , Yamaguchi Yuichiro , Ito Sayo , Kawata Noboru , Tanaka Masaki , Kakushima Naomi , Takizawa Kohei , Matsubayashi Hiroyuki , Endo Masahiro , Asakura Kouiku , Oishi Takuma , Shimoda Tadakazu , Ono Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground and AimFluorine‐18 2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐d‐glucose positron emission tomography (PET) is effective and less invasive than other modalities used to diagnose tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the detectability of adenomas and CRCs, especially in the early stages, is unclear.MethodsWe evaluated the records of 2323 consecutive eligible patients who underwent both a total colonoscopy (TCS) and PET between October 2002 and September 2012 at a tertiary cancer center. The PET findings were verified by TCS performed independently within 1 year. Target lesions were defined as CRCs and adenomas that were 6 mm or larger in size.ResultsTotal colonoscopy detected 532 target lesions ≥ 6 mm in size: 56 T2–T4 CRCs, 39 T1 CRCs, 223 advanced adenomas, and 214 low‐grade adenomas. Of the 532 lesions, 216 (40.6%) were PET positive. Of the 369 cases with positive uptakes, PET detected target lesions in the matched segments for 58.5% (216/369). Sensitivity of PET to T2–T4 CRCs, T1 CRCs, advanced adenomas, and low‐grade adenomas was 92.9%, 79.5%, 50.7%, and 9.3%, respectively. PET could detect 76.5% (13/17) of T1 CRCs whose size is 10 to 19 mm and 85.0% (17/20) of T1 CRCs equal or larger than 20 mm.The multivariate analysis excluding T2–T4 CRCs showed malignant histology, larger size, protruded lesions, villous histology, and lesions in distal colon were significant factors.ConclusionsSensitivity of PET for detecting T2–T4 and even T1 cancers are promising. However, sensitivity of PET to adenomas, even advanced adenomas, is limited.
Global Patterns and Trends for Non‐Metallic Minerals used for Construction
Authors: Miatto Alessio , Schandl Heinz , Fishman Tomer , Tanikawa Hiroki 
Published: August 2016

SummaryDespite accounting for almost 50% of global material use, nonmetallic minerals—mostly used for construction of buildings and infrastructure—are the material flow analysis (MFA) category with the highest uncertainty. The main reason for this is incomplete reporting in official national statistics because of ease of availability and the low per‐unit cost of these materials. However, the environmental burden associated with nonmetallic minerals, which include energy use for extraction and transport, land‐use change, and disposal of large amounts of construction demolition waste, call for a thorough understanding of the magnitude of nonmetallic mineral flows. Previous estimates for nonmetallic minerals have used simplistic assumptions. This study aims to increase the precision of nonmetallic mineral accounts at national and global level using consumption of bitumen, bricks, cement, and railways in combination with technical coefficients from the engineering literature to infer the actual yearly consumption of nonmetallic minerals. We estimate the extraction of nonmetallic minerals and provide uncertainty estimates for the new accounts as well as information about consumption by different sectors. Analyzing the evolution of consumption for seven world regions, we find that, in North America and Europe, the consumption of nonmetallic minerals over the past 40 years has followed the growth patterns of population, whereas for all other regions consumption has been closely related to gross domestic product (GDP). A more accurate account of global and country‐by‐country extraction of nonmetallic minerals may provide insights into supply shortages and inform waste management strategies for construction and demolition waste.
A Framework for Modeling Local Production Systems with Techno‐Ecological Interactions
Authors: Martinez‐Hernandez Elias , Leung Pah Hang Melissa Yuling , Leach Matthew , Yang Aidong 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAt the local scale, interconnected production, consumption, waste management, and other man‐made technological components interact with local ecosystem components to form a local production system. The purpose of this work is to develop a framework for the conceptual characterization and mathematical modeling of a local production system to support the assessment of process and component options that potentially create symbiosis between industry and ecosystem. This framework has been applied to a case study to assess options for the establishment of a local energy production system that involves a heathland ecosystem, bioenergy production, and wastewater treatment. We found that the framework is useful to analyze the two‐way interactions between these components in order to obtain insight into the behavior and performance of the bioenergy production system. In particular, the framework enables exploring the levels of the ecosystem states that allow continuous provisioning of resources in order to establish a sustainable techno‐ecological system.
Visual–motor integration, visual perception and motor coordination in a population with Williams syndrome and in typically developing children
Authors: Heiz J. , Barisnikov K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundWilliams syndrome (WS) is characterised by severe deficits in visual–spatial abilities in contrast to relatively well‐developed language abilities. There is very limited knowledge about visual–motor integration (VMI) in people with WS.MethodTwenty‐six participants with WS aged 6 to 41 years were assessed with all three tests of the Beery‐VMI test, namely the VMI test, the visual perception test (VP) and the motor coordination test (MC). Their results were compared with those of 154 typically developing children (TD) aged 4 to 12.ResultsNo influence of age on the three tested abilities was found amongst the participants with WS in comparison with the TD children. The participants with WS scored similarly to the 5‐year‐old TD children in all three tasks; their scores on the VMI correlated with the results on the VP and MC tests, which were similar to those of the TD children. Finally, the scores on the non‐verbal intelligence test (Raven Coloured Progressive Matrices) were highly predictive of the scores in the VMI and VP tests and partially explain the variance in the MC scores.ConclusionsThe present study is the first to use all three tasks of the Beery‐VMI test. For the TD children, the performances on the three subtests did not show the same developmental trajectory. In contrast, the participants with WS did not show the same developmental trajectory. The participants with WS exhibited poor performances on all tasks with scores comparable with the 5‐year‐old TD children. As high correlations between these abilities were observed, improving VP and MC could help the development of VMI, which in turn could improve visual–spatial abilities in individuals with WS.
Ventral tegmental area subcircuits process rewarding and aversive experiences
Authors: Bariselli Sebastiano , Glangetas Christelle , Tzanoulinou Stamatina , Bellone Camilla 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe ventral tegmental area is a heterogeneous brain structure that plays a central role in rewarding and aversive experience processing. Studies suggest that several subpopulations within the ventral tegmental area form subcircuits that are differentially involved in rewarding and aversive experiences and that could be individually affected in several neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we focus on the recent advances concerning the functional description of the three major neuronal subpopulations, in terms of neurotransmitter release, their input and output structures, and their role in controlling specific behavioral outcomes.
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Several subpopulations within the Ventral Tegmental Area form subcircuits that are differentially involved in rewarding and aversive experiences and that could be individually affected in several neuropsychiatric disorders. We focus on the recent advances concerning the functional description of the three major neuronal subpopulations, their input and output structures, and their role in controlling specific behavioral outcomes.
This article is part of a mini review series: “Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Brain Diseases”.
DOES GOVERNMENT SPENDING AFFECT INCOME INEQUALITY? A META‐REGRESSION ANALYSIS
Authors: Anderson Edward , Jalles D'Orey Maria Ana , Duvendack Maren , Esposito Lucio 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this paper findings of a meta‐regression analysis are presented exploring the effects of government spending on income inequality, with a particular focus on low‐ and middle‐income countries. We identify a total of 84 separate studies containing over 900 estimates of the effect of one or more measures of spending on one or more measures of income inequality. The results show some evidence of a moderate negative relationship between government spending and income inequality, which is strongest for social welfare and other social spending, and when using the Gini coefficient or the top income share as the measure of inequality. However, both the size and direction of the estimated relationship between government spending and income inequality is affected by a range of other factors, including the control variables and estimation method used. We also find evidence of publication bias, in that negative estimates of the relationship appear to be under‐reported in the literature.
Sonographic Changes in Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter Associated with Supra‐ versus Infrarenal Aortic Aneurysm Repair
Authors: Ertl Michael , Schierling Wilma , Kasprzak Piotr M. , Kopp Reinhard , Brückl Corinna , Schlachetzki Felix , Pfister Karin 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEQuantification of changes in optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) using ocular sonography (OS) constitutes an elegant technique for estimating intracranial and intraspinal pressure. Aortic aneurysm repair (AAR) is associated with a reasonable risk of increased spinal fluid pressure, which is largely dependent on the extent of aneurysm repair (supra‐ vs. infrarenal). The aim of this study was to compare ONSD measurements in patients with suprarenal AAR (sAAR) or infrarenal AAR (iAAR).METHODSThirty patients who underwent elective endovascular repair of infrarenal aortic aneurysms (Group iAAR) were included in the study; the characteristics in these cases were prospectively analyzed and compared with those in a previously investigated group of 28 patients treated for suprarenal aortic aneurysms (Group sAAR). Six measurements of ONSDs were performed in each patient at five consecutive time points. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test. A P value < .05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTSA highly significant difference between pre‐ and postinterventional values could be detected in both patient groups (P < .01). In Group sAAR, there was a mean .3‐mm increase of the ONSD, whereas in Group iAAR, a mean .2‐mm decrease could be detected. Both groups roughly reached baseline values by the end of their inpatient stay.CONCLUSIONSONSD changes seem to be a reliable marker to estimate spinal perfusion. Since OS provides a suitable bedside tool for rapid reevaluation, it may guide physicians in the identification and treatment of patients at high risk for spinal cord ischemia.
Three‐dimensional analysis of jaw kinematic alterations in patients with chronic TMD – disc displacement with reduction
Authors: Mapelli A. , Machado B. C. Z. , Garcia D. M. , Rodrigues Da Silva M. A. M. , Sforza C. , de Felício C. M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe study investigated whether chronic TMD patients with disc displacement with reduction (DDR), performing non‐assisted maximum jaw movements, presented any changes in their mandibular kinematics with respect to an age‐matched control group. Moreover, it was examined whether jaw kinematics and a valid clinic measure of oro‐facial functional status have significant associations. Maximum mouth opening, mandible protrusion and bilateral laterotrusions were performed by 20 patients (18 women, 2 men; age, 18–34 years) and 20 healthy controls (17 women, 3 men; age, 20–31 years). The three‐dimensional coordinates of their mandibular interincisor and condylar reference points were recorded by means of an optoelectronic motion analyser and were used to quantitatively assess their range of motion, velocity, symmetry and synchrony. Three functional indices (opening–closing, mandibular rototranslation, laterotrusion – right and left – and protrusion) were devised to summarise subject's overall performance, and their correlation with the outcome of a clinical protocol, the oro‐facial myofunctional evaluation with scores (OMES), was investigated. TMD patients were able to reach maximum excursions of jaw movements comparable to healthy subjects’ performances. However, their opening and closing mandibular movements were characterised by remarkable asynchrony of condylar translation. They had also reduced jaw closing velocity and asymmetric laterotrusions. The functional indices proved to well summarise the global condition of jaw kinematics, highlighting the presence of alterations in TMD‐DDR patients, and were linearly correlated with the oro‐facial functional status. The jaw kinematic alterations seem to reflect both oro‐facial motor behaviour adaptation and a DDR‐related articular impairment.
Low-volume solubility assessment during high-concentration protein formulation development
Authors: Hofmann Melanie , Winzer Matthias , Weber Christian , Gieseler Henning 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Objective
Solubility is often one of the limiting factors for high-concentration protein formulation (HCF) development. Determination of protein solubility is challenging and requires high amount of material. Therefore, low-volume and predictive approaches are desired.

Methods
This work presents a simple and material-saving approach using static light scattering to describe non-ideal solution behaviour of HCF. Non-ideality can be related to protein–protein interactions in solution. The type and strength of these interactions indicate maximum protein solubility at actual formulation compositions. Interactions of four therapeutic model proteins at multiple formulation compositions were investigated, and deduced solubility was compared to apparent solubility behaviour determined by ether turbidity or content measurements.

Key findings
Protein–protein interactions and deduced solubilities matched actual solubility data for all tested formulations. Protein solubility was found to be lowest at pH values near the isoelectric point of each model protein. Buffer salts and ionic strength were also found to strongly influence protein solubility. In addition, sucrose and a combination of arginine and glycine enhanced protein solubility, whereas surfactants such as polysorbate 20 did not influence protein solubility.

Conclusions
The introduced screening procedure is a powerful tool during (early) protein formulation development. It meets several requirements of HCF development and enables reliable prediction of protein solubility based on determination of protein interactions. In addition, rare data about the influence of several common excipients on apparent solubility of therapeutic proteins were shown.
Phosphate and feldspar mineralogy of equilibrated L chondrites: The record of metasomatism during metamorphism in ordinary chondrite parent bodies
Authors: Lewis Jonathan A. , Jones Rhian H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn ordinary chondrites (OCs), phosphates and feldspar are secondary minerals known to be the products of parent‐body metamorphism. Both minerals provide evidence that metasomatic fluids played a role during metamorphism. We studied the petrology and chemistry of phosphates and feldspar in petrologic type 4–6 L chondrites, to examine the role of metasomatic fluids, and to compare metamorphic conditions across all threeOCgroups. Apatite in L chondrites is Cl‐rich, similar to H chondrites, whereas apatite inLLchondrites has lower Cl/F ratios. Merrillite has similar compositions among the three chondrite groups. Feldspar in L chondrites shows a similar equilibration trend toLLchondrites, from a wide range of plagioclase compositions in petrologic type 4 to a homogeneous albitic composition in type 6. This contrasts with H chondrites which have homogeneous albitic plagioclase in petrologic types 4–6. Alkali‐ and halogen‐rich and likely hydrous metasomatic fluids acted during prograde metamorphism onOCparent bodies, resulting in albitization reactions and development of phosphate minerals. Fluid compositions transitioned to a more anhydrous, Cl‐rich composition after the asteroid began to cool. Differences in secondary minerals between H and L,LLchondrites can be explained by differences in fluid abundance, duration, or timing of fluid release. Phosphate minerals in the regolith breccia, Kendleton, show lithology‐dependent apatite compositions. Bulk Cl/F ratios forOCs inferred from apatite compositions are higher than measured bulk chondrite values, suggesting that bulk F abundances are overestimated and that bulk Cl/F ratios inOCs are similar toCI.