bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuberculosis and Transplantation
Authors: Aguado José M. , Silva José Tiago , Samanta Palash , Singh Nina 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTMycobacterium tuberculosisis a major opportunistic pathogen in transplant recipients. Compared to that in the general population, the frequency of tuberculosis (TB) is 10 to 40 times higher in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and 20 to 74 times higher in solid-organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Transplant recipients with TB are also more likely to develop disseminated disease, have longer time to definitive diagnosis, require more invasive diagnostic procedures, and experience greater anti-TB treatment-related toxicity than the general population. Specific risk factors for TB in SOT recipients include previous exposure toM. tuberculosis(positive tuberculin skin tests and/or residual TB lesions in pretransplant chest X ray) and the intensity of immunosuppression (use of antilymphocyte antibodies, type of basal immunosuppression, and intensification of immunosuppressive therapy for allograft rejection). Risk factors in HSCT recipients are allogeneic transplantation from an unrelated donor; chronic graft-versus-host disease treated with corticosteroids; unrelated or mismatched allograft; pretransplant conditioning using total body irradiation, busulfan, or cyclophosphamide; and type and stage of primary hematological disorder. Transplant recipients with evidence of prior exposure toM. tuberculosisshould receive treatment appropriate for latent TB infection. Optimal management of active TB disease is particularly challenging due to significant drug interactions between the anti-TB agents and the immunosuppressive therapy. In this chapter, we address the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic considerations, and management strategies for TB in SOT and HSCT recipients.
The effects of transdermal testosterone and oestrogen therapy on dry eye in postmenopausal women: a randomised, placebo-controlled, pilot study
Authors: Golebiowski Blanka , Badarudin Noor , Eden John , Gerrand Leanne , Robinson Jennifer , Liu Jinzhu , Hampel Ulrike , You Jingjing , Stapleton Fiona 
Published: November 2016

AimsSex hormones could provide a future treatment avenue for dry eye post menopause. However, there are few well-controlled studies. This study investigates the impact of testosterone and oestrogen on dry eye symptoms and signs in postmenopausal women.MethodsA randomised double-blind placebo-controlled pilot study was conducted involving 40 women with dry eye (age 63.9±5.1 years, 13.2±6.3 years post menopause). Ten women were assigned to each of four treatment groups: transdermal testosterone, oestradiol, testosterone/oestradiol combination and placebo. Assessment at baseline and after 8 weeks: ocular symptoms, tear osmolarity, tear stability, tear secretion, meibomian gland assessment, corneal and conjunctival sensitivity, serum concentrations of 17β-oestradiol, 3-α-androstanediol-glucuronide and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. Differences from placebo were examined using one-way analysis of variance and Dunnett's t-test. Within-group analyses included paired t-tests and Spearman correlation.ResultsDryness intensity after 8 weeks was significantly worse in the oestrogen group compared with placebo (p=0.04). No significant changes in other symptoms, tear function, meibomian gland function, lid morphology, corneal or conjunctival sensitivity were observed in any of the groups when compared with the change in placebo after 8 weeks. Within-group analyses showed increased tear secretion in the testosterone/oestradiol combination group (p=0.03) and a strong association between increased serum androgen and improved tear stability in the testosterone group (ρ=0.83,p=0.01).ConclusionsOestrogen supplementation may worsen ocular symptoms in postmenopausal women with dry eye, whereas no impact of testosterone therapy on symptoms was apparent. The positive effects of oestrogen and testosterone on tear function require confirmation in a larger study, with sample size calculated from the data generated herein. Placebo control is essential in studies of dry eye therapies.Trial registration numberACTRN12612000281897.
Housing type after the Great East Japan Earthquake and loss of motor function in elderly victims: a prospective observational study
Authors: Ito Kumiko , Tomata Yasutake , Kogure Mana , Sugawara Yumi , Watanabe Takashi , Asaka Tadayoshi , Tsuji Ichiro 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivePrevious studies have reported that elderly victims of natural disasters might be prone to a subsequent decline in motor function. Victims of the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) relocated to a wide range of different types of housing. As the evacuee lifestyle varies according to the type of housing available to them, their degree of motor function loss might also vary accordingly. However, the association between postdisaster housing type and loss of motor function has never been investigated. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between housing type after the GEJE and loss of motor function in elderly victims.MethodsWe conducted a prospective observational study of 478 Japanese individuals aged ≥65 years living in Miyagi Prefecture, one of the areas most significantly affected by the GEJE. Information on housing type after the GEJE, motor function as assessed by the Kihon checklist and other lifestyle factors was collected by interview and questionnaire in 2012. Information on motor function was then collected 1 year later. The multiple logistic regression model was used to estimate the multivariate adjusted ORs of motor function loss.ResultsWe classified 53 (11.1%) of the respondents as having loss of motor function. The multivariate adjusted OR (with 95% CI) for loss of motor function among participants who were living in privately rented temporary housing/rental housing was 2.62 (1.10 to 6.24) compared to those who had remained in the same housing as that before the GEJE, and this increase was statistically significant.ConclusionsThe proportion of individuals with loss of motor function was higher among persons who had relocated to privately rented temporary housing/rental housing after the GEJE. This result may reflect the influence of a move to a living environment where few acquaintances are located (lack of social capital).
Pretzel scheme for CEPC
Authors: Geng Huiping 
Published: November 2016

CEPC was proposed as an electron and positron collider ring with a circumference of 50–100 km to study the Higgs boson. Since the proposal was made, the lattice design for CEPC has been carried out and a preliminary conceptual design report has been written at the end of 2014. In this paper, we will describe the principles of pretzel scheme design, which is one of most important issues in CEPC lattice design. Then, we will show the modification of the lattice based on the lattice design shown in the Pre-CDR. The latest pretzel orbit design result will also be shown. The issues remained to be solved in the present design will be discussed and a brief summary will be given at the end.
Development of automatic reasoning tools in GeoGebra
Authors: Abánades Miguel , Botana Francisco , Kovács Zoltán , Recio Tomás , Sólyom-Gecse Csilla 
Published: November 2016

Much effort has been put into the implementation of automatic proving in interactive geometric environments (e.g. Java Geometry Expert, GeoGebra). The closely related concept of automatic discovery, remains however almost unexplored.
This software presentation will demonstrate our results towards the incorporation of automatic discovery capabilities into GeoGebra, an educational software with tens of millions of users worldwide. As main result, we report on a new command, currently available in the official version, that allows the automatic discovery of loci of points in diagrams defined by implicit conditions. This represents an extension of a previous command, similar in nature, but restricted to loci defined by the standard mover-tracer construction. Our proposal successfully automates the `dummy locus dragging' in dynamic geometry. This makes the cycle conjecturing-checking-proving accessible for general users in elementary geometry.
Computed Tomographic Perfusion Improves Diagnostic Power of Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography in Women
Authors: Penagaluri Ashritha , Higgins Angela Y. , Vavere Andrea L. , Miller Julie M. , Arbab-Zadeh Armin , Betoko Aisha , Steveson Chloe , Zimmermann Elke , Cox Christopher , Rochitte Carlos E. , Dewey Marc , Kofoed Klaus F. , Niinuma Hiroyuki , Di Carli Marcelo F. , Lima João A.C. , Chen Marcus Y. 
Published: November 2016

Background—
Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CTA) and myocardial perfusion imaging (CTP) is a validated approach for detection and exclusion of flow-limiting coronary artery disease (CAD), but little data are available on gender-specific performance of these modalities. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of combined coronary CTA and CTP in detecting flow-limiting CAD in women compared with men.

Methods and Results—

Three hundred and eighty-one patients who underwent both CTA-CTP and single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging preceding invasive coronary angiography as part of the CORE320 multicenter study (Coronary Artery Evaluation Using 320-row Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiography and Myocardial Perfusion) were included in this ancillary study. All 4 image modalities were analyzed in blinded, independent core laboratories. Prevalence of flow-limiting CAD defined by invasive coronary angiography equal to 50% or greater with an associated single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging defect was 45% (114/252) and 23% (30/129) in males and females, respectively. Patient-based diagnostic accuracy defined by the area under the receiver operating curve for detecting flow-limiting CAD by CTA alone in females was 0.83 (0.75–0.89) and for CTA-CTP was 0.92 (0.86–0.97;
P
=0.003) compared with men where the area under the receiver operating curve for detecting flow-limiting CAD by CTA alone was 0.82 (0.77–0.87) and for CTA-CTP was 0.84 (0.80–0.89;
P
=0.29).

Conclusions—
The combination of CTA-CTP was performed similarly in men and women for identifying flow-limiting coronary stenosis; however, in women, CTP had incremental value over CTA alone, which was not the case in men.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00934037.
Effect of Exhaust- and Nonexhaust-Related Components of Particulate Matter on Long-Term Survival After Stroke
Authors: Desikan Anita , Crichton Siobhan , Hoang Uy , Barratt Benjamin , Beevers Sean D. , Kelly Frank J. , Wolfe Charles D.A. 
Published: November 2016

Background and Purpose—
Outdoor air pollution represents a potentially modifiable risk factor for stroke. We examined the link between ambient pollution and mortality up to 5 years poststroke, especially for pollutants associated with vehicle exhaust.

Methods—

Data from the South London Stroke Register, a population-based register covering an urban, multiethnic population, were used. Hazard ratios (HR) for a 1 interquartile range increase in particulate matter <2.5 µm diameter (PM
2.5
) and PM <10 µm (PM
10
) were estimated poststroke using Cox regression, overall and broken down into exhaust and nonexhaust components. Analysis was stratified for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes and was further broken down by Oxford Community Stroke Project classification.

Results—

The hazard of death associated with PM
2.5
up to 5 years after stroke was significantly elevated (
P
=0.006) for all strokes (HR=1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.53) and ischemic strokes (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.08–1.62). Within ischemic subtypes, PM
2.5
pollution increased mortality risk for total anterior circulation infarcts by 2-fold (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.17–3.48;
P
=0.012) and by 78% for lacunar infarcts (HR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.18–2.66;
P
=0.006). PM
10
pollution was associated with 45% increased mortality risk for lacunar infarct strokes (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.06–2.00;
P
=0.022). Separating PM
2.5
and PM
10
into exhaust and nonexhaust components did not show increased mortality.

Conclusions—

Exposure to certain outdoor PM pollution, particularly PM
2.5
, increased mortality risk poststroke up to 5 years after the initial stroke.
muBLASTP: database-indexed protein sequence search on multicore CPUs
Authors: Zhang Jing , Misra Sanchit , Wang Hao , Feng Wu-chun 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Background
The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) is a fundamental program in the life sciences that searches databases for sequences that are most similar to a query sequence. Currently, the BLAST algorithm utilizes a query-indexed approach. Although many approaches suggest that sequence search with a database index can achieve much higher throughput (e.g., BLAT, SSAHA, and CAFE), they cannot deliver the same level of sensitivity as the query-indexed BLAST, i.e., NCBI BLAST, or they can only support nucleotide sequence search, e.g., MegaBLAST. Due to different challenges and characteristics between query indexing and database indexing, the existing techniques for query-indexed search cannot be used into database indexed search.

Results
muBLASTP, a novel database-indexed BLAST for protein sequence search, delivers identical hits returned to NCBI BLAST. On Intel Haswell multicore CPUs, for a single query, the single-threaded muBLASTP achieves up to a 4.41-fold speedup for alignment stages, and up to a 1.75-fold end-to-end speedup over single-threaded NCBI BLAST. For a batch of queries, the multithreaded muBLASTP achieves up to a 5.7-fold speedups for alignment stages, and up to a 4.56-fold end-to-end speedup over multithreaded NCBI BLAST.

Conclusions
With a newly designed index structure for protein database and associated optimizations in BLASTP algorithm, we re-factored BLASTP algorithm for modern multicore processors that achieves much higher throughput with acceptable memory footprint for the database index.
Telomere length and depression: Prospective cohort study and Mendelian randomisation study in 67 306 individuals
Authors: Wium-Andersen Marie Kim , Ørsted David Dynnes , Rode Line , Bojesen Stig Egil , Nordestgaard Børge Grønne 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundDepression has been cross-sectionally associated with short telomeres as a measure of biological age. However, the direction and nature of the association is currently unclear.AimsWe examined whether short telomere length is associated with depression cross-sectionally as well as prospectively and genetically.MethodTelomere length and three polymorphisms, TERT, TERC and OBFC1, were measured in 67306 individuals aged 20–100 years from the Danish general population and associated with register-based attendance at hospital for depression and purchase of antidepressant medication.ResultsAttendance at hospital for depression was associated with short telomere length cross-sectionally, but not prospectively. Further, purchase of antidepressant medication was not associated with short telomere length cross-sectionally or prospectively. Mean follow-up was 7.6 years (range 0.0–21.5). The genetic analyses suggested that telomere length was not causally associated with attendance at hospital for depression or with purchase of antidepressant medication.ConclusionsShort telomeres were not associated with depression in prospective or in causal, genetic analyses.
Report of the General Committee: 15
Authors: Wilson Karen L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDecisions are reported on proposals in Reports 65 and 66 from the Nomenclature Committee for Vascular Plants (NCVP): (1) three proposals in Report 65; (2) 33 proposals to conserve or reject names recommended for acceptance in NCVP Report 66; (3) 17 such proposals recommended for rejection in that Committee Report; (4) five conservation proposals for which the NCVP could not reach a firm recommendation; (5) one request to suppress a work under Art. 34; (6) three requests for binding decisions under Art. 53.5 (confusingly similar names). Proposal (1933) on the name of the cultivated apple was referred back to the NCVP. Decisions are also reported on proposals in Report 9 of the Nomenclature Committee for Fossils: (1) 17 proposals to conserve or reject names recommended for acceptance; (2) seven such proposals recommended for rejection. Action is deferred on various proposals pending further discussion.
The damping effect of cement as a potential mitigation factor of squeaking in ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Burgo F. J. , Mengelle D. E. , Ozols A. , Fernandez C. , Autorino C. M. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesStudies reporting specifically on squeaking in total hip arthroplasty have focused on cementless, and not on hybrid, fixation. We hypothesised that the cement mantle of the femur might have a damping effect on the sound transmitted through the metal stem. The objective of this study was to test the effect of cement on sound propagation along different stem designs and under different fixation conditions.MethodsAn in vitro model for sound detection, composed of a mechanical suspension structure and a sound-registering electronic assembly, was designed. A pulse of sound in the audible range was propagated along bare stems and stems implanted in cadaveric bone femurs with and without cement. Two stems of different alloy and geometry were compared.ResultsThe magnitudes of the maximum amplitudes of the bare stem were in the range of 10.8 V to 11.8 V, whereas the amplitudes for the same stems with a cement mantle in a cadaveric bone decreased to 0.3 V to 0.7 V, implying a pulse-attenuation efficiency of greater than 97%. The same magnitude is close to 40% when the comparison is made against stems implanted in cadaveric bone femurs without cement.ConclusionThe in vitro model presented here has shown that the cement had a remarkable effect on sound attenuation and a strong energy absorption in cement mantle and bone. The visco-elastic properties of cement can contribute to the dissipation of vibro-acoustic energy, thus preventing hip prostheses from squeaking. This could explain, at least in part, the lack of reports of squeaking when hybrid fixation is used. Cite this article: F. J. Burgo, D. E. Mengelle, A. Ozols, C. Fernandez, C. M. Autorino. The damping effect of cement as a potential mitigation factor of squeaking in ceramic-on-ceramic total hip arthroplasty. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:531–537. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.511.BJR-2016-0058.R1.
New approaches to Spanish anarchism
Authors: Evans Danny , Yeoman James Michael 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article introduces the themes of this special edition, presenting the case that the history of Spanish anarchism needs to be situated within a broader, international history of the left. This view helps to disrupt the image of anarchism as ‘exceptional’, without losing sight of its specific manifestation in Spain. It proceeds to outline the five articles that make up the remainder of the edition.
Reviews
Authors: Amestoy Susana Domingo , Pinheiro Teresa , Rhodes Elizabeth 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
ENCRUCIJADAS GLOBALES: REDEFINIR ESPAÑA EN EL SIGLO XXI, JOSE COLMEIRO (ED.) (2015) Madrid: Iberoamericana; Frankfurt: Vervuert, 365 pp., Col. (La Casa de La Riqueza. Estudios de la Cultura de España, 31), ISBN: 9788484898795 (Iberoamericana), ISBN: 9783954874187 (Vervuert), p/bk, €24.00
SPANISH-ISRAELI RELATIONS, 1956–1992: GHOSTS OF THE PAST AND CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES IN THE MIDDLE EAST, GUY SETTON (2016) Brighton and Eastbourne: Sussex Academic Press, 270 pp., ISBN: 9781845197568, h/bk, £65.00/$74.95
PODER Y ESCRITURA FEMENINA EN TIEMPOS DEL CONDE-DUQUE DE OLIVARES (1621–1643). EL DESAFÍO RELIGIOSO DE TERESA VALLE, LAURA S. MUÑOZ PÉREZ (2015) London: Tamesis, 244 pp., ISBN 9781855662872, h/bk, $99
Remapping the worldview of fashion
Authors: Rabine Leslie W. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This ethnographic study of streetwear designers in Dakar, Senegal explores the way that five artist/designers create images of maps and relate them to concepts of ‘identity’ far different from those in western fashion discourse. The designers recode these and other concepts into a Wolof signifying system. They connect ‘identity’ and ‘tradition’ to Wolof cultural values like ‘thiossane’ and ‘askan,’ words which do not translate directly into European languages. With such words and images, the streetwear designers invite us to question basic concepts in western fashion studies, to doubt if we can apply these universally. In this article, the term fashion map has two intertwined meanings. First, it refers to the standard schema of ‘world fashion cities’. Second, artistic map images are also fashion statements. As the Dakar designers create map images that express their cultural concerns, they also redraw this standard world fashion map.
Fashion criticism unravelled: A sociological critique of criticism in fashion media
Authors: Titton Monica 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The starting point for this article is the observation that in fashion there is no established form of criticism comparable to the art system or the literary system. The intent of this article is to provide a critical sociological analysis of the relationship between the fashion industry and fashion media and to trace the limits imposed on fashion criticism by this mutual structural-economic-dependency. The article examines the socio-economic and cultural ties between the fashion industry and fashion media since the nineteenth century to the present and investigates the consequences of these ties for the development and limits of criticism in fashion journalism. The article discusses the emergence of a discourse of normative constraint in digital media and argues that the advent of digital fashion media led to an intensification of the economic limitations to fashion criticism. By analysing the conditions and limitations of criticism in the realm of fashion journalism, the article brings the literature on fashion media into conversation with critical theory and the sociology of critique.
The issue of identity: From urban tribes to political consumerism to sharing fashion
Authors: Bovone Laura 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Identity is acquiring a new importance in fashion studies that goes beyond the sphere of personal consumption. The aestheticizing climate of postmodernity has justified consumer activity in the name of a flexible identity, while clothing has been confirmed as an aesthetic resource for self-presentation. Some young consumers – the so-called urban tribes – have made their mask a flag, creating peculiar ways of dressing during leisure time. For particular cultural minorities, a true political antagonism is at stake and the flag stands for a declaration of an open will to emancipate from the dominant culture.
Increasing consumers’ awareness of fashion-sustainability problems and their expectations towards the production system have led to the necessity of considering together the different actors in the fashion chain. In fact, the reflexive identities of late modernity are concerned dialectically with the construction of a social imaginary that does not exclusively pertain to consumers or producers; nor does it concern the mere aesthetic enrichment of the image, but rather the complex arena where meanings are built. In this same frame, a very recent variation of responsible fashion aims at reducing the distance between production and consumption in view of a sharing of practices, technologies and products. The ethical dimension of fashion widens to include values that transcend individual self-presentation to encompass images of collective identities and convivial communities.