bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correlates of Trail Use for Recreation and Transportation on 5 Massachusetts Trails
Authors: Orstad Stephanie L. , McDonough Meghan H. , Klenosky David B. , Mattson Marifran , Troped Philip J. 
Published: March 2016

Background:Promoting use of community trails is a recommended strategy for increasing population levels of physical activity. Correlates of walking and cycling for recreation or transportation differ, though few studies have compared correlates of trailbased physical activity for recreation and transportation purposes. This study examined associations of demographic, social, and perceived built environmental factors with trail use for recreation and transportation and whether associations were moderated by age, gender, and prior trail use.Methods:Adults (N = 1195) using 1 of 5 trails in Massachusetts responded to an intercept survey. We used multiple linear and logistic regression models to examine associations with trail use.Results:Respondents’ mean age was 44.9 years (standard deviation = 12.5), 55.3% were female, and 82.0% were white. Age (longer-term users only), trail use with others, travel time to the trail, and trail design were significantly associated with use for recreation (P < .05). Age, gender, trail safety (longer-term users only), travel time to the trail, trail design (younger users only), and trail beauty were associated with use for transportation (P < .05).Conclusions:Some common correlates were found for recreational and transportation trail use, whereas some variables were uniquely associated with use for 1 purpose. Tailored strategies are suggested to promote trail use for recreation and transportation.
Physical Activity Trends of Finnish Adolescents With Long-Term Illnesses or Disabilities From 2002–2014
Authors: Ng Kwok , Rintala Pauli , Tynjälä Jorma , Välimaa Raili , Villberg Jari , Kokko Sami , Kannas Lasse 
Published: March 2016

Background:Adolescents’ physical activity level is a major source of concern. For adolescents with long-term illnesses or disabilities (LTID), being physically active can prevent secondary conditions. This is one of the first studies reporting trends in physical activity of adolescents with LTID in relation to gender, age, and sports club membership.Methods:Data were collected from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children study in Finland during 2002, 2006, 2010, and 2014. In 13- and 15-year-olds (N = 2206), 17.1% reported having LTID. Daily physical activity recall was the dependent variable. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted eparately for sports club members (n = 936) and nonmembers (n = 1270).Results:The proportion of physically active adolescents with LTID in 2014 was higher than in 2002 for girls (15.6% vs 8.7%) and boys (26.6% vs 13.0%). Girl sports club members were 2 times more likely to be physically active in 2014 than in 2002. The largest trend between 2014 and 2002 was among boy nonmembers (odds ratio: 4.62, 95% confidence interval, 2.02–10.58).Conclusions:More adolescents with LTID took part in daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in 2014 than in 2002; however, physical activity levels still remain low. Sports club membership was similar to that of the general population.
Feasibility and Effectiveness of a Web-Based Physical Activity Intervention for Working Mothers
Authors: Mailey Emily L. , Huberty Jennifer , Irwin Brandon C. 
Published: March 2016

Background:The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of a web-based intervention to promote physical activity and self-worth among working mothers.Methods:Participants (N = 69) were randomly assigned to receive a standard web-based intervention or an enhanced intervention that included group dynamics strategies to promote engagement. The 8-week intervention was guided by self-determination theory. Each week, participants were instructed to complete 3 tasks: listen to a podcast related to well-being, complete a workbook assignment, and communicate with other participants on a discussion board. Participants in the enhanced condition received an additional weekly task to enhance group cohesion. Data were collected at baseline, week 8, and week 16.Results:Physical activity (P < .001, η2 = 0.35) and self-worth (P < .001, η2 = 0.39) increased significantly in both groups following the intervention, and introjected (P < .001, η2 = 0.30) and external motivation (P = .04, η2 = 0.10) decreased. Website use declined across the 8-week intervention in both groups (P < .001, η2 = 0.48); however, discussion board use was higher in the enhanced condition (P = .04, η2 = 0.21).Conclusions:These findings suggest web-based interventions can improve physical activity and self-worth among working mothers. Group dynamics strategies only minimally enhanced user engagement, and future studies are needed to optimize web-based intervention designs.
Variation in adverse drug reactions listed in product information for antidepressants and anticonvulsants, between the USA and Europe: a comparison review of paired regulatory documents
Authors: Cornelius Victoria R , Liu Kun , Peacock Janet , Sauzet Odile 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo compare consistency of adverse drug reaction (ADR) data in publicly available product information documents for brand drugs, between the USA and Europe. To assess the usefulness of information for prescribers and patients.DesignA comparison review of product information documents for antidepressants and anticonvulsants concurrently marketed by the same pharmaceutical company in the USA and Europe.SettingFor each drug, data were extracted from the US Product Inserts and the European Summary of Product Characteristics documents between 09/2013 and 01/2015.ParticipantsIndividuals contributing ADR information to product information documents.Main outcomes measuresAll ADRs reported in product information sections 5 and 6 (USA), and 4·4 and 4·8 (Europe).ResultsTwelve brand drugs—24 paired documents—were included. On average, there were 77 more ADRs reported in the USA compared with in the European product information document, with a median number of 201 ADRs (range: 65–425) and 114 (range: 56–265), respectively. More product information documents in the USA reported information on the source of evidence (10 vs 5) and risk (9 vs 5) for greater than 80% of ADRs included in the document. There was negligible information included regarding duration, severity, reversibility or recurrence of ADRs. On average, only 29% of ADR terms were reported in both paired documents.ConclusionsProduct information documents contained a large number of ADRs, but lacked contextual data and information important to patients and prescribers, such as duration, severity and reversibility. The ADR profile was found to be inconsistently reported between the USA and Europe, for the same drug. Identifying, selecting, summarising and presenting multidimensional harm data should be underpinned by practical evidence-based guidelines. In order for prescribers to provide considered risk-benefit advice across competing drug therapies to patients, they need access to comprehensible and reliable ADR information.
Effects of alfalfa flavonoids on broiler performance, meat quality, and gene expression
Authors: Ouyang Kehui , Xu Mingsheng , Jiang Yan , Wang Wenjun 
Published: March 2016

Two hundred and forty 1-d-old Arbor Acre female broilers were used to study the effects of alfalfa flavonoids (AF) on broiler performance, meat quality, and gene expression. Chicken were fed with basal diet supplemented with AF at 0, 5, 10, or 15 mg kg−1diet for a period of 42 d. Growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant effect and lipoprotein lipase (LPL), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene expressions were investigated. Results showed that AF inclusion in the diet enhanced the body weight (BW) at 42 d of age and the average daily gain from 0 to 42 d, decreased the total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels and increased HDL level in the serum, enhanced the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in the serum. Also, AF supplementation decreased the abdomen fat rate, marble, and the drip loss and storage loss after the storage for 96 h. Gene expressions’ results showed that AF inclusion decreased the FAS expression and increased the LPL, PPARγ, and ATGL expressions in the liver and adipose tissues, especially when the AF inclusion level was 15 mg kg−1diet. These results indicate that AF were found to be effective for average daily gain and breast percentage promoting, meat quality and antioxidant activity improvement via upregulating the LPL, ATGL, PPARγ, and downregulating the FAS expression in adipose and liver tissues.
Financing Strategy at Tata Steel
Authors: Haldipur Rajesh , Singh Kulbir , Vishwanath S. R. 
Published: March 2016

In January 2011 Tata Steel Ltd, a world-size steel company in India and a flagship company of the $80b Tata Group, announced an issue of equity to the investing public through a book-building process. This was one of the many securities that the company issued during 2007–2011. The company would raise Rs 34,770m and Rs 33,850m from the issue at the upper and lower ends of the price band. The case opens with an analyst studying the company's financial condition with the objective of making an investment recommendation. Students are asked to evaluate the attractiveness of the offer and its timing apart from undertaking an analysis of the historical choice of securities. The case can be used to teach students capital structure theories, the thought process behind security issuance, the dynamic nature of finance, and the role of a CFO and valuation analysis.
The Anti-Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Antibody Assay in a Province-Wide Practice: Accurate in Identifying Cases of Crohn’s Disease and Predicting Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Kaila Brinderjit , Orr Kenneth , Bernstein Charles N 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE: To determine the utility of the anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA) ELISA test developed in Manitoba in 2001 in a population-wide sample referred from physicians across Manitoba in their investigation of patients with gastrointestinal symptoms.METHODS: Patients whose serum was referred for ASCA testing in 2001 and 2002 were eligible for the present study. ELISA was performed by a technologist, blind to patient diagnoses. A single investigator contacted physicians to facilitate chart review. Data collected included demographics, final diagnoses and tests used to substantiate the final diagnosis.RESULTS: Of 482 subjects identified, 410 charts were available for review and 29 of those were unavailable for follow-up or had incomplete charts. The present study population included Crohn's disease (CD, n=114), ulcerative colitis (n=74), indeterminate colitis (n=31), celiac disease (n=9), irritable bowel syndrome (n=75), other diagnoses (n=33) and no disease (n=45). ASCA had a sensitivity of 37% (95% CI 27.8 to 46.8) and specificity of 97% (95% CI 93.8 to 98.6) for diagnosing CD and an odds ratio for a diagnosis of CD of 18.4 (95% CI 8.2 to 41.3). The 47 ASCA-positive patients included the following diagnoses: CD=39, ulcerative colitis=3, indeterminate colitis=1, celiac disease=3 and no disease=1. The likelihood of having an inflammatory disease if ASCA is positive was nearly 40-fold.CONCLUSION: A positive ASCA test using this assay nearly clinches a diagnosis of some form of inflammatory intestinal disease, which is highly likely to be CD. In symptomatic patients, a positive ASCA test should encourage the clinician to pursue further investigations
Clostridium Difficile-Associated Diarrhea in 200 Canadian Children
Authors: Morinville Véronique , McDonald Jane 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE: Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea is a major problem in adults. The present study was conducted to assess risk factors and outcomes in children with C difficile-associated diarrhea.METHODS: Laboratory records at a university-affiliated pediatric hospital were reviewed for all C difficile toxin-positive stools (cell culture cytotoxin assay) between 2000 and 2003. Charts on identified patients were reviewed.RESULTS: Two hundred patients with a diagnosis of C difficile-associated diarrhea were identified between February 2000 and November 2003. There were 107 males and 93 females (mean age 5.4 years; median age 2.6 years). Underlying factors were identified in 19% (12 patients underwent chemotherapy; seven patients had Crohn's disease; six were transplantation recipients; seven an immunodeficiency; four with Hirschsprung disease; two diagnoses of 'other'). Of the 200 identified patients, 149 (74.5%) had documentation of antibiotics in the previous two months (32 penicillins; 38 cephalosporins; three clindamycin, nine other single-agent, 59 multiple; eight not specified), and 111 (55.5%) had been hospitalized in the previous month. The symptoms of C difficile-associated diarrhea included bloody stools in 12.5% and frequent watery stools in 79%. Hospitalization was required in 27 of 116 outpatients; stay was prolonged in seven of the 84 patients already hospitalized. Fifty-five per cent received metronidazole, 34% were not treated, and treatment data were not available for the remainder. Recurrence occurred in 31% of those treated and retreatment consisted of vancomycin (15%), probiotics (15%) and cholestyramine (6%). No colectomies were required but two deaths occurred.CONCLUSIONS: The majority of pediatric patients developing symptomatic C difficile-associated diarrhea had antibiotic exposure or hospitalization within the previous one to two months. This is higher than previously reported. One-third had spontaneous symptom resolution. For those treated, recurrence rates were high. Mortality was significantly lower than described in adults, in agreement with prior literature.
Cross-sectional study of Hepatitis B Awareness among Chinese and Southeast Asian Canadians in the Vancouver-Richmond community
Authors: Cheung Justin , Lee Tim K , Teh Chong-Ze , Wang Caroline YM , Kwan WC Peter , Yoshida Eric M 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis B (HBV) is endemic and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Asia. British Columbia has the highest proportion of Chinese and Southeast Asians among all Canadian provinces. The present study was designed to evaluate the degree of concern for and knowledge of HBV in this high-risk community.OBJECTIVE: Unselected patrons of two large Asian commercial centres in Richmond, British Columbia were surveyed. The variables studied were population demographics, concern for HBV, level of HBV knowledge and awareness of HBV-related cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Associations were assessed using c2testing and multiple logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: A total of 1008 individuals participated in the survey. Fifteen incomplete surveys were excluded. Only 7.7% felt that HBV was not a concern for the community. Only 13% of respondents felt that HBV education was adequate in the community. The main sources of community health education were their doctor's office (56.3%) and media (49.1%). A high number stated they were 'aware' of HBV (68%) but over 60% were unaware that HBV could cause HCC or cirrhosis and only 61.3% scored a 'reasonable' level of HBV knowledge. Higher HBV knowledge was significantly associated with increasing age ( P<0.001), higher education ( P<0.001) and the use of media for health education ( P<0.001). Awareness that HBV may cause HCC and cirrhosis was significantly associated with age ( P<0.001), education (P=0.006) and birthplace (P=0.001).INTERPRETATION: HBV education is necessary in this local Asian community. Programs should target younger, less educated adults and elaborate on the potential serious health consequences of HBV. Vehicles for public education should include the physicians' offices and local media.
Estimating the Cost of Illness in Colorectal Cancer Patients Who Were Hospitalized for Severe Chemotherapy-Induced Diarrhea
Authors: Dranitsaris George , Maroun Jean , Shah Amil 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that grade III/IV diarrhea is a common complication in colorectal cancer, occurring in 20% to 30% of patients receiving chemotherapy. In some of these patients, hospitalization for supportive care is often required. However, the impact that these hospitalized patients have on overall use of health care resources has not been quantified. In the present study, a cost of illness analysis was conducted to estimate the overall cost of patients with colorectal cancer who were hospitalized for supportive care secondary to severe diarrhea.METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study consisting of patients with colorectal cancer that had received fluoropyrimidines, irinotecan or oxaliplatin (or a combination thereof) and had developed grade III or IV diarrhea that resulted in hospital admission for supportive care. Data collection included patient demographics, disease-related information and use of health care resources to manage the grade III/IV diarrhea event.RESULTS: Patients had a mean age of 64.2 years, and 32 of 63 (50.8%) were receiving adjuvant chemotherapy with a curative intent. The severe diarrhea developed after the first cycle of chemotherapy in 58% of the patients and contributed to a dose reduction, change or discontinuation of chemotherapy in 9.5%, 15.9% and 34.2% of patients, respectively. Overall, the median length of hospital stay was eight days (range one to 49 days) translating to a mean cost of $8,230 per patient (95% CI $6,519 to $9,942). The diarrhea successfully resolved in 54 of 63 patients (85.7%).CONCLUSIONS: Severe diarrhea requiring hospital admission is a costly and potentially fatal complication of chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. The identification of predictive factors and the implementation of prophylactic measures could reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with diarrhea.
Human Gastric Mucosal Hydrophobicity Does dot Decrease with Helicobacter Pylori Infection or Chronological Age
Authors: Al-Marhoon Mohammed S , Nunn Sheila , Soames Roger W 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Infection with cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) Helicobacter pylori is associated with severe gastric diseases. Previous studies in humans have reported a decreased gastric hydrophobicity with H pylori infection. The aim of the present study was to differentiate between the effect of cagA+ and cagA- strains on gastric mucus hydrophobicity.METHODS: One hundred patients without peptic ulcers and not on medication were randomly recruited from endoscopy clinics; each patient had six biopsies. Contact angle measurements were performed using a goniometer assisted by computer software. H pylori status was assessed by histology, Campylobacter-like organism test and culture, and cagA+ status was determined by polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: In age- and sex-matched patients, there was no significant difference (P=0.27) in contact angle between H pylori-positive (61±2.8°) and H pylori-negative patients (65.5±3.0°). There was also no significant difference (P=0.36) in contact angle among H pylori-negative, cagA- and cagA+ patients (65.5±3.0°, 58.6±3.6° and 63.4±4.9°, respectively). However, a trend of increased mean contact angles in cagA+ compared with cagA- and H pylori-negative patients was observed in patients 50 years and younger (68.3±8.3°, 61.1±6.1° and 63.6±2.2°, respectively; P=0.70) and in patients without atrophy (71.1±8°, 59.6±4° and 66±2°, respectively; P=0.30). In addition, there was no significant correlation between contact angles and patient age (r=0.104, P=0.306).CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that H pylori infection and the chronological age have no effect on the gastric mucus hydrophobicity, but it highlights a trend of increased mucus hydrophobicity with cagA+ infection that needs to be supported by future studies.
Percutaneous Lymphatic Embolization of Abnormal Pulmonary Lymphatic Flow as Treatment of Plastic Bronchitis in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Dori Yoav , Keller Marc S. , Rome Jonathan J. , Gillespie Matthew J. , Glatz Andrew C. , Dodds Kathryn , Goldberg David J. , Goldfarb Samuel , Rychik Jack , Itkin Maxim 
Published: March 2016

Background—
Plastic bronchitis is a potentially fatal disorder occurring in children with single-ventricle physiology, and other diseases, as well, such as asthma. In this study, we report findings of abnormal pulmonary lymphatic flow, demonstrated by MRI lymphatic imaging, in patients with plastic bronchitis and percutaneous lymphatic intervention as a treatment for these patients.

Methods and Results—
This is a retrospective case series of 18 patients with surgically corrected congenital heart disease and plastic bronchitis who presented for lymphatic imaging and intervention. Lymphatic imaging included heavy T2-weighted MRI and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance lymphangiogram. All patients underwent bilateral intranodal lymphangiogram, and most patients underwent percutaneous lymphatic intervention. In 16 of 18 patients, MRI or lymphangiogram or both demonstrated retrograde lymphatic flow from the thoracic duct toward lung parenchyma. Intranodal lymphangiogram and thoracic duct catheterization was successful in all patients. Seventeen of 18 patients underwent either lymphatic embolization procedures or thoracic duct stenting with covered stents to exclude retrograde flow into the lungs. One of the 2 patients who did not have retrograde lymphatic flow did not undergo a lymphatic interventional procedure. A total of 15 of 17(88%) patients who underwent an intervention had significant symptomatic improvement at a median follow-up of 315 days (range, 45–770 days). The most common complication observed was nonspecific transient abdominal pain and transient hypotension.

Conclusions—
In this study, we demonstrated abnormal pulmonary lymphatic perfusion in most patients with plastic bronchitis. Interruption of the lymphatic flow resulted in significant improvement of symptoms in these patients and, in some cases, at least temporary resolution of cast formation.
Spatial development of sports facilities in Hungarian cities of county rank
Authors: Kozma Gábor , Pénzes János , Molnár Ernő 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Nowadays more and more attention is devoted to the spatial development of the location of sports facilities within cities. The main aim of our paper is to observe the most important spatial characteristics of their development in Hungarian cities of county rank. In these cities three main periods of development of sports facilities can be observed. Larger sports facilities were constructed especially on the edge of cities or in the suburbs, while in the case of smaller facilities a bigger role was played by locations within the city boundaries. As regards the factors influencing the location of sports facilities, the most important role was played by the location of available land areas, besides accessibility and from the mid-1960s links to existing facilities can be mentioned as well.