bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical efficacy and safety of perampanel monotherapy as primary anti‐seizure medication in the treatment of pediatric epilepsy: A single‐center, prospective, observational study
Authors: Gu Yanxia , Li Yue , Li Wei , Chen Feng , Wu Chunfeng , Chen Jing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the efficacy and safety of perampanel (PER) as primary monotherapy in patients aged 4–18 years old with epilepsy.MethodsA single‐center, prospective, observational study was conducted from October 2021 to October 2023, to evaluate PER monotherapy's efficacy and safety as initial therapy for pediatric epilepsy. Changes in seizure frequency, safety, and retention rate were observed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after initiating PER primary monotherapy.ResultsA total of 124 children aged 4–15 years (mean age = 8.25 ± 2.50 years) were included in the Analysis Sets. The retention rates at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were 88.71% (110/124), 84.68% (105/124), 78.26% (90/115), and 71.58% (68/95), respectively. Seizure freedom rates at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months were 85.45%, 79.09%, 76.24%, and 75.31%, respectively. The responder rates (≥50% but <100%) at the same endpoints were 9.09%, 14.55%, 12.87%, and 7.41%, respectively. Seizure freedom rate of PER was independent of age at PER initiation, seizure onset age, gender, baseline frequency, seizure types, and family history of epilepsy (p > 0.05) but associated with duration of treatment (p = 0.001) and maintenance dose (p = 0.022). Additionally, 124 patients were included in the safety analysis set. The overall adverse event rate was 38.71% (48/124), with irritability (19 cases, 15.32%) and dizziness (18 cases, 14.52%) being the most common adverse effects. One patient discontinued PER monotherapy within 1 month due to unbearable itching of the skin.SignificancePER monotherapy as the primary anti‐seizure medication (ASM) for pediatric epilepsy demonstrates high efficacy and safety in real‐world clinical treatment. Patients who respond well to this drug and adhere to long‐term treatment can achieve favorable seizure control. Furthermore, patients achieving seizure freedom with a relatively lower dose can opt for the same dose as the maintenance dose.Plain Language SummaryThis study provided the efficacy and safety of PER monotherapy as the primary ASM for Chinese pediatric epilepsy. In total, 124 patients took part. The seizure freedom rates were over 70% at different observation points (OPs), along with a retention rate of 71.58% at the 12‐month OP. Most of adverse effects observed were mild to moderate.
Toxicity Risks Associated With the Beta-Blocker Metoprolol in Marine and Freshwater Organisms: A Review
Authors: Love Deirdre , Slovisky Megan , Costa Kaylie Anne , Megarani Dorothea , Mehdi Qaim , Colombo Vincent , Ivantsova Emma , Subramaniam Kuttichantran , Bowden John A. , Bisesi Joseph H. , Martyniuk Christopher J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The detection of pharmaceuticals in aquatic ecosystems has generated concern for wildlife and human health over the past several decades. β-adrenergic blocking agents are a class of drugs designed to treat cardiovascular diseases and high blood pressure. Metoprolol is a second-generation β1-adrenergic receptor inhibitor detected in effluent derived from sewage treatment plants. Our review presents an updated survey of the current state of knowledge regarding the sources, occurrence, and toxicity of metoprolol in aquatic ecosystems. We further aimed to summarize the current literature on the presence of metoprolol in various classes of aquatic species and to consider the trophic transfer of these contaminants in marine mammals. The biological impacts of metoprolol have been reported in 20 aquatic organisms, with a primary focus on cardiac function and oxidative stress. Our review reveals that concentrations of metoprolol that cause toxicity in aquatic species are above levels that are typical of marine and freshwater environments. Future studies should investigate the effects of metoprolol at lower concentrations in aquatic organisms. Other recommendations include (1) a further focus on noncardiac endpoints, because computational assessments of currently available molecular data identify gonadotropins, vitellogenin, collagen, and cytokines as potential targets of modulation, and (2) development of adverse outcome pathways for cardiac dysfunction in aquatic species to improve our understanding of molecular interactions and outcomes following exposure. As the next generation of β-blockers is developed, continued diligence is needed for assessing environmental impacts in aquatic ecosystems to determine their potential accumulation and long-term effects on wildlife and humans. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2530–2544. © 2024 SETAC
Influence of Pesticide Application Method, Timing, and Rate on Contamination of Nectar with Systemic and Nonsystemic Pesticides
Authors: Rostán Vanesa , Wilson Patrick C. , Wilson Sandra B. , van Santen Edzard 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Exposure to pesticides is one potential factor contributing to the recent loss of pollinators and pollinator diversity. Few studies have specifically focused on the relationship between pesticide management during ornamental plant production and contamination of nectar. We evaluated contamination of nectar in Salvia ‘Indigo Spires’ (Salvia longispicata M. Martens & Galeotti × S. farinacea Benth.) associated with applications of the systemic insecticide thiamethoxam, and the nonsystemic fungicides boscalid and pyraclostrobin. Applications were made at the labeled rates for the commercially available products, and we compared the influence of application method (drench vs. spray), timing (relative to flowering), and rate (low vs. high) for each pesticide. Nectar was sampled using 50-µL microcapillary tubes and analyzed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The results indicate that concentrations from the spray application resulted in the least contamination of nectar with the systemic thiamethoxam, with lower concentrations occurring when thiamethoxam was applied before blooming at the lowest rate. Concentrations of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin were detected in nectar in all treatments (regardless of the method, timing, or rate of application), and ranged from 3.6 ± 0.5 ng/mL (spray-applied before blooming, low rate) to 1720.0 ± 80.9 ng/mL (drench-applied after blooming, high rate). Residues of clothianidin in nectar ranged from below quantification limits (spray-applied before blooming, low rate) to 81.2 ± 4.6 ng/mL (drench-applied after blooming, high rate). Drench applications resulted in the highest levels of nectar contamination with thiamethoxam, and exceeded published median lethal concentrations (LC50s/median lethal doses for native bees and/or honeybees in all cases). Spray treatments resulted in nectar concentrations exceeding published LC50s for some bee species. In comparison, all nonsystemic treatments resulted in concentrations much lower than the published no-observable-effect doses and sublethal toxicity values, indicating low risks of toxicity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2616–2627. © 2024 SETAC
Gross to gourmet: A social media analysis of Naked Clams as a sustainable delicacy
Authors: Shipway J Reuben , Tupper Mark , Willer David F 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAmidst a global food crisis, securing sustainable food sources is vital. Bivalves such as Naked Clams, historically known as shipworms, offer a promising solution due to their low environmental impact, high nutritional value, and rapid growth rates. Contrary to their image as pests, Naked Clams are the fastest growing bivalves and have various health benefits. Believed to be the world's first aquaculture species, cultivated by Aboriginal Australians 8000 years ago, they are a delicacy in Southeast Asia. Public perception of Naked Clams remains largely unexplored, hindered by their association as pests and worm‐like appearance. This study assesses the perception of Naked Clams through social media, analyzing 40 posts across Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, and YouTube, with millions of views and likes. Analysis of nearly 8000 comments revealed that public perception was split, though generally more positive than negative. Concerns included appearance, potential religious dietary conflicts, and the risk of parasites, which can be addressed with educational campaigns. Importantly, 84% of commenters who tried Naked Clams reported liking them. Naked Clams are noted for their high protein content, nutrient density, and health benefits, and are enjoyed in diverse culinary forms, from traditional raw dishes, to battered calamari‐style street foods, to innovative recipes like Naked Clam ice cream. This study highlights the untapped potential of Naked Clams in global diets and calls for further exploration into moving Naked Clams from “gross to gourmet.”
A review on advancements in emerging processing of whey protein: Enhancing functional and nutritional properties for functional food applications
Authors: Kheto Ankan , Adhikary Uttam , Dhua Subhamoy , Sarkar Ayan , Kumar Yogesh , Vashishth Rahul , Shrestha Bibek Bahadur , Saxena D. C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhey protein (WP) isolates are widely used in food products because they improve protein content, functional properties, and health benefits. It has been observed that WP can form conjugates with essential micronutrients, improving their dietary delivery and biological availability. WP and its derived bioactive peptides have potential health benefits in preventing chronic diseases. However, the off‐flavor and bitter peptides of WP are limiting factors that can be used in the food and beverage industries. Emerging innovative processing technologies, such as high hydrostatic pressure, ultrasonication, and extrusion, improve WP gelling ability, gel strength, and storage stability, providing high‐quality and healthy functional products. The integration of technological advancements into WP‐loaded fortified food products (FFPs) has increased the uptake rate of bioactive compounds, resulting in increased bioavailability and bioaccessibility in the human body. Furthermore, WP‐based FFPs treated with advanced thermal and nonthermal processing techniques possess better rheological properties, expansion ratios, and textural properties. Therefore, WP would be a promising and sustainable ingredient for developing stable functional foods. This review explores recent advancements in the processing technologies of WP, emphasizing their role in enhancing its bioavailability and functional properties for different food applications.
Deep learning techniques for Alzheimer's disease detection in 3D imaging: A systematic review
Authors: Zia‐ur‐Rehman  , Awang Mohd Khalid , Ali Ghulam , Faheem Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological condition that worsens over time and leads to deterioration in cognitive abilities, reduced memory, and, eventually, a decrease in overall functioning. Timely and correct identification of Alzheimer's is essential for effective treatment. The systematic study specifically examines the application of deep learning (DL) algorithms in identifying AD using three‐dimensional (3D) imaging methods. The main goal is to evaluate these methods' current state, efficiency, and potential enhancements, offering valuable insights into how DL could improve AD's rapid and precise diagnosis.MethodsWe searched different online repositories, such as IEEE Xplore, Elsevier, MDPI, PubMed Central, Science Direct, ACM, Springer, and others, to thoroughly summarize current research on DL methods to diagnose AD by analyzing 3D imaging data published between 2020 and 2024. We use PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines to ensure the organization and understandability of the information collection process. We thoroughly analyzed the literature to determine the primary techniques used in these investigations and their findings.Results and ConclusionThe ability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and their variations, including 3D CNNs and recurrent neural networks, to detect both temporal and spatial characteristics in volumetric data has led to their widespread use. Methods such as transfer learning, combining multimodal data, and using attention procedures have improved models' precision and reliability. We selected 87 articles for evaluation. Out of these, 31 papers included various concepts, explanations, and elucidations of models and theories, while the other 56 papers primarily concentrated on issues related to practical implementation. This article introduces popular imaging types, 3D imaging for Alzheimer's detection, discusses the benefits and restrictions of the DL‐based approach to AD assessment, and gives a view toward future developments resulting from critical evaluation.
Sexual function of overweight pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Peivandi Saloumeh , Habibi Ali , Hosseini Seyed H. , Khademloo Mohammad , Motamedi‐Rad Elham 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsOverweight and obesity are on the rise worldwide and may affect female sexual function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sexual function in normal and overweight pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study was conducted in overweight and normal‐weight pregnant women with GDM in Sari, Iran. Data were collected from 2018 to 2021. The demographic data collected from the participants included age, educational level, occupation, gestational age, duration of marriage, number of births, place of residence (city or village), private house, private bedroom, and insurance status. The General Health Questionnaire, Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), and Enriched Marital Satisfaction questionnaires were used to assess mental health, sexual functioning, and marital satisfaction, respectively.ResultsThe study included 200 women with GDM. The mean age of the participants was 29.75 (SD = 4.40) years. Among pregnant women with GDM, 56.50% of them had sexual dysfunction based on FSFI. The mean FSFI score in pregnant women with GDM was 25.60 (SD = 3.61). Among the participants, 50.00% had normal body mass index (BMI). There was no significant difference between BMI status and total sexual function score (p > 0.05). The multivariate analysis revealed that marital satisfaction (β = 0.41, p < 0.001) and BMI status (β = −0.15, p = 0.002) were the only factors significantly associated with overall sexual function, explaining 27% of the variance in the total FSFI score.ConclusionThe results of this study showed that there was no significant relationship between sexual dysfunction and obesity in GDM. Considering that the research in this area is very limited and the negative effects of obesity and GDM have been confirmed in many areas, including sexual desire disorder, necessary planning should be done to control these factors.
Frequency of weight and body composition increases in advanced non‐small cell lung cancer patients during first line therapy
Authors: Bonomi Philip , Moudgalya Hita , Gomez Sandra L. , Shah Palmi , Basu Sanjib , Batus Marta , Martinka Levi B. , Abdelkader Ahmed , Tzameli Iphigenia , Cobain Sonia , Collins Susie , Keliher Edmund J. , Breen Danna M. , Calle Roberto A. , Fidler Mary Jo , Borgia Jeffrey A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe primary objective of this study was to assess the frequency of body composition increases and their relationships to changes in body weight in two cohorts of real world, treatment‐naïve, advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. One cohort received the current standard of care (CSOC), which consisted of immunotherapy and newer chemotherapy regimens, and the other cohort was treated with the former standard of care (FSOC), consisting only of older platinum‐containing regimens.MethodsCSOC (n = 106) and FSOC (n = 88) cohorts of advanced NSCLC patients were included in this study. Weights were collected at each clinical visit, and body composition analysis from routine chest computed tomography via automated segmentation software assessed at baseline and at 6 and 12 weeks. Standard statistical methods were used to calculate relationships between changes in weight and in body composition.ResultsThe CSOC cohort contained 106 stage IV NSCLC patients treated between 16/12/2014 and 22/10/2020 while the FSOC cohort contained 88 stage III/IV NSCLC patients treated between 16/6/2006 and 18/11/2014. While each cohort exhibited decreases in median weight, body mass index (BMI), mean skeletal muscle index (SMI) and subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI) at the 6 and 12 week time points, a subset of patients experienced increases in these parameters. Using a threshold of ≥2.5% increase for weight, BMI, SMI, and SATI at the 12 week time point, both cohorts showed similar (20.5% and 27.3%) increases in these parameters. With a cut point of ≥5% increase at 12 weeks follow‐up, 8.0% to 25.0% of the patients gained ≥5% in weight, BMI, SMI and SATI. Comparing these results in each cohort showed no significant differences. Pearson coefficients for weight change related to changes in SMI and SATI at 6 and 12 weeks ranged from 0.31 to 0.58 with all P values <0.02. Pearson coefficients for weight change at 12 weeks related to changes in VATI and IMATI ranged from 0.26 to 0.47 with all P values <0.05. Comparison of Pearson coefficients for each cohort showed no significant differences.ConclusionsAlthough decreases in median weight, BMI, SMI and SATI were observed in both cohorts, similar percentage of patients in each cohort experienced increases in these parameters. These findings, plus the positive correlations between longitudinal measurements of weight, muscle mass and adipose tissue, indicate that weight gain in these patients involves increases in both muscle mass and adipose tissue. Upon validation, these findings could have implications for clinical trial design and for translational research in cancer cachexia.
Accuracy of supervised measurement of fetal weight in a residency program
Authors: Brambila‐Rodríguez Ana Fabianne , Villalobos Guillermo De La Cruz , Domínguez‐Rodríguez Juan Joel , Oviedo‐Cruz Héctor 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the accuracy of ultrasound estimates of fetal weight made by residents.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted on consecutive pregnancies attended in an obstetric ward. All participants provided their consent to participate. Inclusion criteria were singleton pregnancies with ultrasound evaluation and delivery within 14 days. Congenital abnormalities and stillbirths were excluded. Ultrasound scans were performed by two residents, one observer per subject, following standardized methodology and supervised by senior staff. Fetal weight was calculated using the four‐parameter Hadlock 1985 formula. Birth weight was measured using a standard clinical scale. Bland–Altman and mixed‐effects analyses were performed.ResultsIn a 6‐month period, 95 gestations were recruited at 30–41 weeks, and birth weights ranged from 1200 to 4080 g. The bias between methods was −28 g (CI95%, −74 to 18) with 95% limits of agreement of ±440 g. The 95% deviation between methods was of ±16%. Parity had the most significant effect on the bias between methods; operator and maternal weight had no significant effect.ConclusionsSupervised measurement of fetal weight by residents demonstrated high accuracy. Parity bias may be associated with visceral fat deposition independent of maternal weight gain. A methodology for medical evaluation is presented.
Volumetric changes of the enteric nervous system under physiological and pathological conditions measured using x‐ray phase‐contrast tomography
Authors: Peruzzi Niccolò , Eckermann Marina , Frohn Jasper , Salditt Tim , Ohlsson Bodil , Bech Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and AimFull‐thickness biopsies of the intestinal wall may be used to study and assess damage to the neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS), that is, enteric neuropathy. The ENS is difficult to examine due to its localization deep in the intestinal wall and its organization with several connections in diverging directions. Histological sections used in clinical practice only visualize the sample in a two‐dimensional way. X‐ray phase‐contrast micro‐computed tomography (PC‐μCT) has shown potential to assess the cross‐sectional thickness and volume of the ENS in three dimensions (3D). The aim of this study was to explore the potential of PC‐μCT to evaluate its use to determine the size of the ENS.MethodsFull‐thickness biopsies of ileum obtained during surgery from five controls and six patients clinically diagnosed with enteric neuropathy and dysmotility were included. Punch biopsies of 1 mm in diameter and 1 cm in length, from an area containing myenteric plexus, were extracted from paraffin blocks, and scanned with synchrotron‐based PC‐μCT without any staining.ResultsThe microscopic volumetric structure of the neural tissue (consisting of both ganglia and fascicles) could be determined in all samples. The ratio of neural tissue volume/total tissue volume was higher in controls than in patients with enteric neuropathy (P = 0.013). The patient with the longest disease duration had the lowest ratio.ConclusionThe assessment of neural tissue can be performed in an objective, standardized way, to ensure reproducibility and comparison under physiological and pathological conditions. Further evaluation is needed to examine the role of this method in the diagnosis of enteric neuropathy.
Absolute Quantification of Glutathione Using Top‐Hat Optics for IR‐MALDESI Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Authors: Bruce Emily R. , Kibbe Russell R. , Hector Emily C. , Muddiman David C. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTInfrared matrix‐assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR‐MALDESI) uses an infrared laser to desorb neutral biomolecules with postionization via ESI at atmospheric pressure. The Gaussian profile of the laser with conventional optics results in the heating of adjacent nonablated tissue due to the energy profile being circular. A diffractive optical element (DOE) was incorporated into the optical train to correct for this disadvantage. The DOE produces a top‐hat beam profile and square ablation spots, which have uniform energy distributions. Although beneficial to mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), it is unknown how the DOE affects the ability to perform quantitative MSI (qMSI). In this work, we evaluate the performance of the DOE optical train against our conventional optics to define the potential advantages of the top‐hat beam profile. Absolute quantification of glutathione (GSH) was achieved by normalizing the analyte of interest to homoglutathione (hGSH), spotting a dilution series of stable isotope labeled glutathione (SIL‐GSH), and analyzing by IR‐MALDESI MSI with either the conventional optical train or with the DOE incorporated. Statistical comparison indicates that there was no significant difference between the quantification of GSH by the two optical trains as evidenced by similar calibration curves. Results support that both optical trains can be used for qMSI without a change in the ability to carry out absolute quantification but providing the benefits of the top‐hat optical train (i.e., flat energy profile and square ablation spots)—for future qMSI studies.