bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma sheet injections into the inner magnetosphere: Two‐way coupled OpenGGCM‐RCM model results
Authors: Cramer W. D. , Raeder J. , Toffoletto F. R. , Gilson M. , Hu B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPlasma sheet injections associated with low flux tube entropy bubbles have been found to be the primary means of mass transport from the plasma sheet to the inner magnetosphere. This phenomenon has been primarily studied with satellite data and stand‐alone ring current models with artificial boundary conditions. This study introduces a new two‐way coupling between a kinetic ring current model (Rice Convection Model, or RCM) and a global magnetosphere MHD model (Open Geospace General Circulation Model, or OpenGGCM). Multiple geomagnetic storms and one period of quiet are modeled to track and characterize inward flow behavior. Simulations show that (1) there is a clear association of plasma sheet injections with bubbles, (2) the majority of inward plasma transport in the magnetotail beyond 6.6 RE is due to bubbles, regardless of storm activity, and (3) the average peak velocity of injections is higher for increasing downtail distances, stronger storms (when compared with storms having similar drivers), and storms driven by corotating interaction regions (when compared with coronal mass ejection‐driven storms of similar strength).
Cobalt‐Porphyrin‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Buchner Reaction and Arene Cyclopropanation of In Situ Generated Alkyl Diazomethanes
Authors: Wang Haixu , Zhou Cong‐Ying , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCobalt(II)‐porphyrin catalyzed intramolecular Buchner reaction and arene cyclopropanation of alkyl diazomethanes generated in situ from N‐tosylhydrazones gave a range of bicyclic cycloheptatriene fused pyrrolidines and tetracyclic cyclopropane fused pyrrolidines in good to high yields and with high chemo‐ and regioselectivities. The obtained cyclopropane fused pyrrolidines can be readily converted into other N‐heterocycles with potential synthetic and biological interest.magnified image
Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyclopentane‐Substituted Oxindoles via Organocatalytic Desymmetrization of Cyclopent‐4‐ene‐1,3‐diones
Authors: Zhi Ying , Zhao Kun , Wang Ai , Englert Ullrich , Raabe Gerhard , Enders Dieter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe highly enantioselective desymmetrization of prochiral cyclopent‐4‐ene‐1,3‐diones has been developed via an organocatalytic Michael reaction. This desymmetrization protocol is efficiently catalyzed by 10 mol% of a bifunctional squaramide, offering a short entry into a series of cyclopentane‐substituted oxindoles bearing two quaternary and one tertiary stereocenters in good yields and high stereoselectivities.magnified image
Ultraviolet protection of recycled polyethylene terephthalate
Authors: Curtzwiler Greg W. , Williams Eric B. , Maples Austin L. , Davis Nathan W. , Bahns Ted L. , Eliseo De León J. , Vorst Keith L. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTPolyethylene terephthalate (PET) is commonly used for food packaging due to its high clarity, high resistance to water vapor, oxygen and carbon dioxide permeation, and good mechanical properties. However, its high transmittance in the ultraviolet‐A (UVA) region leaves food susceptible to UV‐induced degradation reactions. Incorporating post‐consumer recycled (PCR) PET into virgin PET increased UVA absorption 100% when utilizing 100% PCR‐PET, thus, increasing the protection potential of food packaging by reducing UVA‐induced degradation reactions. Comparison of the current data with previous work demonstrated the reproducibility of UVA protection independent of the PC flake source. The thickness‐normalized absorbance at 350 nm was a reliable predictor of the UVA protection potential regardless of composition and manufacture date. Raman, fluorescence, and attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses provided support that the UVA absorbing moiety was a quinone derivative formed during degradation reactions that are known to occur during melt processing/re‐processing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45181.
Establishing the True Structure of the Sorbicillinoid‐Derived Isolate Rezishanone C by Total Synthesis
Authors: Yan Qiao , Banwell Martin G. , Coote Michelle L. , Lee Richmond , Willis Anthony C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe enantiomer, ent‐4, of the true structure, 4, of the sorbicillinoid rezishanone C (sorbivinetone) has been synthesized from a homochiral cis‐1,2‐dihydrocatechol that is itself generated through the whole‐cell biotransformation of toluene. These studies together with dispersion‐corrected DFT calculations support the proposal that rezishanone C is an artefact of the isolation process and arises through a Diels–Alder reaction between ethyl vinyl ether and sorbicillinol (3).
Cerebral blood flow evaluation of intensive rosuvastatin therapy in stroke/transient ischemic attack patients with intracranial arterial atherosclerotic stenosis study: Rationale and design
Authors: Zhang Xuting , Zhou Ying , Zhang Sheng , Ding Wenhong , Lou Min 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe risk of recurrent stroke is high in patients with intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (ICAS). Statin use has been demonstrated to decrease the incidence of stroke by reducing atherosclerotic plaque burden. However, its effect on the hemodynamic situation and cerebral perfusion status has not yet been validated. With the use of computed tomography perfusion (CTP), we aim to evaluate the impact of Rosuvastatin on cerebral hemodynamic changes, as well as the downstream perfusion.MethodCerebral bood flow evaluation of intensive rosuvastatin therapy in patients with intracranial arterial atherosclerotic stenosis (CEIRIS) is a single‐center, prospective, randomized, parallel‐group, and open‐label trial, and it will include 50 participants as estimated. Patients with moderate to severe (50%–99%) ICAS are randomized 1:1 to 10 mg/day or 20 mg/day Rosuvastatin and followed every 13 weeks until 52 weeks. The primary outcome for the trial is the change in the relative regional cerebral blood flow evaluated by CTP after 52 weeks of Rosuvastatin treatment. The secondary outcomes are cerebral blood volume, change in the degree of stenosis of the target vessel and lipid parameters.ConclusionThe CEIRIS trial about the effects of statin on the temporal hemodynamic progression of ICAS may extend our understanding of the basic pathophysiology and mechanisms of stroke in ICAS patients.
Novel Heterogeneous Hybrid of Yolk−Shell CuO@CuFe2O4: Facile Synthesis and Enhanced Lithium‐Storage Performance
Authors: Liu Peng , Lei Wu , Xia Xifeng , Hao Qingli 
Published: April 2017

AbstractConstructing heterogeneous components with a yolk−shell structure is highly desirable for improving the lithium‐storage performance of metal oxides, owing to the unique synergies of nanostructures and composite materials. In this work, a novel heterogeneous hybrid of yolk−shell CuO@CuFe2O4 was synthesized through a simple two‐step method. Starting with Cu2O, the yolk−shell precursor was prepared through an interfacial reaction. After subsequent heat treatment of the precursor in air, yolk−shell CuO@CuFe2O4 was obtained. A reasonable mechanism for the formation process of the yolk−shell CuO@CuFe2O4 has been presented. The relatively high electrical conductivity of CuFe2O4, unique yolk−shell structure, and firm shell of the CuO@CuFe2O4 account for the extremely enhanced electrochemical properties compared to bare CuO. In particular, discharge capacities of 505 and 36 mA h g−1 were delivered after 200 cycles at 500 mA g−1 by the yolk−shell CuO@CuFe2O4 and bare CuO, respectively. This work not only provides a promising alternative anode material for lithium‐ion batteries, but also develops a new strategy to design the nanostructure and components of metal oxides for application in lithium‐ion batteries.
Synthesis and Multi‐Responsive Self‐Assembly of Cationic Poly(caprolactone)–Poly(ethylene glycol) Multiblock Copolymers
Authors: Nutan Bhingaradiya , Singh Chandel Arvind K. , Jewrajka Suresh K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIndividual dissimilar blocks were combined to obtain well‐defined AnBn and (A–B–A)n types of cationic amphiphilic multiblock copolymers (MBCs) through mild sequential nucleophilic substitution without formation of byproducts. MBCs were synthesized by reacting end‐functional polymer blocks of poly(caprolactone) (PCL), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and PCL‐b‐PEG‐b‐PCL. For selective degradation, acid‐ and base‐labile ester as well as reducible disulfide groups were introduced as linkers between the blocks. The micellar self‐assemblies of these MBCs showed exceptional stability under normal physiological conditions with negligible release of the guest molecules. Selective disassembly under mildly acidic and basic conditions or in the presence of reducing agents caused triggered release of the guest molecules. This strategy is versatile and opens an opportunity to obtain a variety of tailor‐made MBCs for selective and triggered release of therapeutics.
An extremely rare splice site mutation in the gene encoding complement factor I in a patient with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors: Ipe Tina S. , Lim Jooeun , Reyes Meredith Anne , Ero Mike , Leveque Christopher , Lewis Bradley , Kain Jamey 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundAtypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is a rare disease characterized by thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, and acute kidney failure. The disease is difficult to diagnose due to its similarity with other hematologic disorders, such as thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). However, genetic mutations are found in 50–70% of patients with aHUS and can be useful in its diagnosis.Study design and methodsA 40‐year‐old male presented to our hospital with acute kidney injury, evidenced by high creatinine levels (8.3 mg/dL) and kidney biopsy results. The patient was preliminarily diagnosed with TTP and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was initiated. After four treatments, TPE was discontinued due to lack of ADAMTS13 activity and inhibitor assay results that were not consistent with TTP, improved hematologic laboratory results, and aHUS genetic testing results.ResultsNext‐generation sequencing showed a rare mutation at a splice site in the gene encoding complement factor I (CFI). Implication of this mutation in aHUS has not been previously described. Treatment with eculizumab reduced creatinine levels below 4.0 mg/dL, and the patient remained on maintenance dosage of eculizumab (1200 mg/14 days) to prevent aHUS recurrence.ConclusionAn extremely rare, heterozygous mutation in the gene encoding CFI likely affecting splicing was associated for the first time with aHUS. Sequencing was critical for rapid diagnosis and subsequent timely treatment with eculizumab, which resulted in improved renal function.
Impact of plerixafor (mozobil) on hospital efficiency: A single center experience
Authors: Azar Nabih , Ouzegdouh Maya , Choquet Sylvain , Leblond Véronique 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPlerixafor (Mozobil) in combination with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) has shown to increase mobilization of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) as compared to G‐CSF alone in patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). However, up to 25% of patients treated with G‐CSF alone still fail mobilization. Adding plerixafor to poor mobilizers allows to rescue these patients from mobilization failure and to reduce the number of apheresis sessions. The goal of this retrospective study was to capture the impact of plerixafor on treatment outcome and on apheresis department efficiency. The latter was measured in terms of time‐slots lost, that is, the number of apheresis sessions scheduled but not carried out due to poor mobilization, and the number of elective apheresis sessions performed for patients undergoing extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP). Hospital records of patients treated before and after introduction of plerixafor were collected and analyzed. With plerixafor, the mobilization failure rate dropped from 12% to 4% and the mean number of time‐slots lost per patient dropped from 1.39 to 0.89. Additional drug costs due to plerixafor were partially balanced by a reduction in apheresis sessions, resulting in an additional cost of 759€ per ASCT candidate. More importantly, with the use of plerixafor, the availability of time‐slots turned from erratic to predictable such that freed capacity could be dedicated to other apheresis procedures. As a result, the number of ECP sessions increased from 0 in 2005 to 685 sessions in 2014.
Open Probe fast GC–MS — combining ambient sampling ultra‐fast separation and in‐vacuum ionization for real‐time analysis
Authors: Keshet U. , Alon T. , Fialkov A. B. , Amirav A. 
Published: April 2017

An Open Probe inlet was combined with a low thermal mass ultra‐fast gas chromatograph (GC), in‐vacuum electron ionization ion source and a mass spectrometer (MS) of GC–MS for obtaining real‐time analysis with separation. The Open Probe enables ambient sampling via sample vaporization in an oven that is open to room air, and the ultra‐fast GC provides ~30‐s separation, while if no separation is required, it can act as a transfer line with 2 to 3‐s sample transfer time. Sample analysis is as simple as touching the sample, pushing the sample holder into the Open Probe oven and obtaining the results in 30 s. The Open Probe fast GC was mounted on a standard Agilent 7890 GC that was coupled with an Agilent 5977A MS. Open Probe fast GC–MS provides real‐time analysis combined with GC separation and library identification, and it uses the low‐cost MS of GC–MS. The operation of Open Probe fast GC–MS is demonstrated in the 30‐s separation and 50‐s full analysis cycle time of tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabinol in Cannabis flower, sub 1‐min analysis of trace trinitrotoluene transferred from a finger onto a glass surface, vitamin E in canola oil, sterols in olive oil, polybrominated flame retardants in plastics, alprazolam in Xanax drug pill and free fatty acids and cholesterol in human blood. The extrapolated limit of detection for pyrene is <1 fg, but the concentration is too high and the software noise calculation is untrustworthy. The broad range of compounds amenable for analysis is demonstrated in the analysis of reserpine. The possible use with alternate standard GC–MS and Open Probe fast GC–MS is demonstrated in the analysis of heroin in its street drug powder. The use of Open Probe with the fast GC acting as a transfer line is demonstrated in <10‐s analysis without separation of ibuprofen and estradiol. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Effects of Expansive Shrubs on Plant Species Richness and Soils in Semi‐arid Communal Lands, South Africa
Authors: Sholto‐Douglas Craig , Shackleton Charlie M. , Ruwanza Sheunesu , Dold Tony 
Published: April 2017

AbstractExpansion by expansive species can have severe ecological, social and economic impacts through the reduction of ecosystem goods and services and species richness. However, expansion by expansive species may also offer benefits to ecosystems and humans, through the supply of ecosystem goods and services (such as firewood, fodder and fruits), as well as potentially offering refugia in heavily used landscapes. Here, we examine the effects of four expansive dwarf shrub species (Aspalathus subtingens, Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis, Pteronia incana and Oedera genistifolia) on plant species richness (at the point scale), vegetation cover, soil properties and whether the expansive species offer refugia to other species. Plant species richness, cover and soil properties were recorded in 1‐m2 quadrats located within a mosaic of expanded and non‐expanded patches for the four expansive shrub species. Plant species richness was significantly higher in the non‐expanded areas compared to the expanded ones for all four expansive species. Some of the expansive shrubs provided refugia to certain plant species and limited the frequency of other species. With regard to species composition, there was little separation of expanded and non‐expanded samples within sites, indicating that the site factors were stronger determinants of plant species richness and composition than expansion. Therefore, it is more likely that the reduction in species richness in expanded sites is caused by multiple drivers, including vegetation attributes cover, litter cover and soil nutrients (organic C, Zn and P) and soil compaction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulation of two‐ and three‐dimensional viscoplastic flows using adaptive mesh refinement
Authors: Cotela‐Dalmau Jordi , Rossi Riccardo , Larese Antonia 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a finite element solver for the simulation of steady non‐Newtonian flow problems, using a regularized Bingham model, with adaptive mesh refinement capabilities.The solver is based on a stabilized formulation derived from the variational multiscale framework. This choice allows the introduction of an a posteriori error indicator based on the small scale part of the solution, which is used to drive a mesh refinement procedure based on element subdivision.This approach applied to the solution of a series of benchmark examples, which allow us to validate the formulation and assess its capabilities to model 2D and 3D non‐Newtonian flows.
Density functional theory study of interactions between carbon dioxide and functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes
Authors: Tezsevin Ilker , Demirtas Cansu , Onal Isik , Dilek Cerag 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPolyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes (POSS) are cage‐structured inorganic–organic hybrid materials which can be used in various industrial applications. It is recently discovered that POSS structures with certain functional groups can be solubilized in supercritical CO2 allowing their applications in environmentally benign supercritical processing of materials. In this theoretical study, nature and energetics of the interactions of octatrifluoropropyl POSS, octatrifluoromethyl POSS, and octamethyl POSS with CO2 are investigated according to the principles of density functional theory (DFT) by use of Gaussian 09 software. Simulations show that CO2‐octamethyl POSS pair has hydrogen bonding between the O atom of CO2 and the H atom of the methyl group, and CO2‐octatrifluoromethyl POSS pair has interactions between the C atom of CO2 and the F atom of the trifluoromethyl group. CO2‐octatrifluoropropyl POSS pair is found to have both interaction types. The octamethyl, the octatrifluoromethyl and the octatrifluoropropyl POSS structures have interaction energies of −2.18 kcal/mol, −3.10 kcal/mol, and −3.77 kcal/mol, respectively. This shows that the presence of Lewis acid–Lewis base interaction between C and F instead of hydrogen bonding between O and H atoms enhances the interaction of the molecule with CO2, while the presence of both interactions between the octatrifluoropropyl POSS‐CO2 pair makes the intermolecular interaction even stronger.
Evaluation of MALDI‐TOF/MS Technology in Olive Oil Adulteration
Authors: Jergović Ana‐Marija , Peršurić Željka , Saftić Lara , Kraljević Pavelić Sandra 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAdulteration of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) by addition of other vegetable oils or lower‐grade olive oils is a common problem of the oil market worldwide. Therefore, we developed a fast protocol for detection of EVOO adulteration by mass spectrometry fingerprinting of triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles based on MALDI‐TOF/MS. For that purpose, EVOO TAG profiles were compared with those of edible sunflower oil and olive oil composed of refined olive oil and virgin olive oils. Adulteration of EVOO was simulated by addition of sunflower and mixture of refined olive oil and virgin olive oils at 1, 10 and 20% w/w. Results of mass spectrometry TAG profiling were compared with routinely assessed K values for identification of adulteration. MALDI‐TOF/MS technology coupled with statistical analysis was proven as useful for detection of adulteration in EVOO at a rate down to 1%. In contrast, standard spectrophotometric methods failed to identify minor adulterations. In addition, the ability of MALDI‐TOF/MS in detection of adulteration was tested on EVOO samples from different geographical regions. Results demonstrated that MALDI‐TOF/MS technology coupled with statistical analysis is able to distinguish adulterated oils from other EVOO.
Integrated medical rehabilitation delivery in China
Authors: Xiao Yue , Zhao Kun , Ma Zhao‐Xia , Li Xue , Qiu Ying‐Peng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCurrently, China has a growing need for rehabilitative care; however, rehabilitative care has been underdeveloped for decades. Since the end of 2010, pilot programs in 46 cities (districts) of 14 provinces have been initiated by the Ministry of Health in China to establish formal arrangements for facilitating the delivery of continuous medical rehabilitative care for local communities. After 2 years of pilot work, an evaluation was conducted by researchers. This paper reviews the current status of rehabilitative care in China and discusses the findings of the nationwide pilot program on the integrated rehabilitative service. Some key mechanisms and main issues were identified after analyzing the preliminary outcomes of some of the pilot programs.
Repetitive stress leads to impaired cognitive function that is associated with DNA hypomethylation, reduced BDNF and a dysregulated HPA axis
Authors: Makhathini Khayelihle B. , Abboussi Oualid , Stein Dan J. , Mabandla Musa V. , Daniels William M.U. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractExposure to repetitive stress has a negative influence on cognitive‐affective functioning, with growing evidence that these effects may be mediated by a dysregulated hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal (HPA) axis, abnormal neurotrophic factor levels and its subsequent impact on hippocampal function. However, there are few data about the effect of repetitive stressors on epigenetic changes in the hippocampus. In the present study, we examine how repetitive restrain stress (RRS) affects cognitive‐affective functioning, HPA axis regulation, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and global hippocampal DNA methylation. RRS was induced in rats by restraining the animals for 6 h per day for 28 days. The novel object recognition test (NORT) was used to assess cognitive functioning and the open field test (OFT) was performed to assess anxiety‐like behavior during the last week of stress. Hippocampal BDNF levels, glucocorticoid (GR) and mineralocorticoid (MR) receptor mRNA were assessed using real‐time PCR and confirmed with Western blot, while ELISAs were used to determine plasma corticosterone levels and the global methylation status of the hippocampus. Animals exposed to repetitive stress demonstrated significant alterations in the NORT and OFT, had significantly increased plasma corticosterone and significantly decreased hippocampal BDNF concentrations. The expression levels of GR and MR mRNA and protein levels of these genes were significantly decreased in the stressed group compared to control animals. The global DNA methylation of the hippocampal genome of stressed animals was also significantly decreased compared to controls. The data here are consistent with previous work emphasizing the role of the HPA axis and neurotrophic factors in mediating cognitive‐affective changes after exposure to repetitive stressors. Our findings, however, extend the literature by indicating that epigenetic alterations in the hippocampal genome may also play an important role in the development of hippocampus‐associated behavioral abnormalities.