bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramyocellular fat storage in metabolic diseases
Authors: Laurens Claire , Moro Cedric 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Over the past decades, obesity and its metabolic co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) developed to reach an endemic scale. However, the mechanisms leading to the development of T2D are still poorly understood. One main predictor for T2D seems to be lipid accumulation in “non-adipose” tissues, best known as ectopic lipid storage. A growing body of data suggests that these lipids may play a role in impairing insulin action in metabolic tissues, such as liver and skeletal muscle. This review aims to discuss recent literature linking ectopic lipid storage and insulin resistance, with emphasis on lipid deposition in skeletal muscle. The link between skeletal muscle lipid content and insulin sensitivity, as well as the mechanisms of lipid-induced insulin resistance and potential therapeutic strategies to alleviate lipotoxic lipid pressure in skeletal muscle will be discussed.
Systemic approach to the development of green chemistry
Authors: Tarasova Natalia P. , Makarova Anna S. , Ingel Faina I. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The development of chemistry is closely related to the sustainable development of human civilization. The problems of exposure to chemicals on the human body are complex. Humans are potentially more susceptible to the damaging effects of chemical pollution if they are in a weakened physical or mental state (already in a state of physical or mental stress). One of the approaches, that simultaneously addresses both of the above mentioned issues, is the green chemistry concept. Governmental regulation should be seen as a framework mechanism. We see great potential in using the principles of green chemistry in the framework of the Responsible Care program. Green chemistry is a tool for the sustainable development of chemistry and the chemical industry.
Sattjeni: Daughter, Wife and Mother of the Governors of Elephantine during the End of the Twelfth Dynasty
Authors: Sánchez-León Juan Carlos , Jiménez-Serrano Alejandro 
Published: January 2016

Summary:
For the last six years a multidisciplinary team of the Universidad de Jaén has been working in some of the funerary complexes of the second half of the Twelfth Dynasty in Qubbet el-Hawa. The present paper analyzes new material found in the funerary complex called QH33 and dated to that period. One of the new pieces of evidence is a ceramic with a hieratic inscription in which is mentioned a certain woman named Sattjeni and described with the title of “Daughter of ḥꜢtj-Ꜣ”. This personage also appears in other funerary contexts, which allows us to reconstruct the genealogy and history of the rulers of Elephantine during the Late Twelfth Dynasty.
Formas tratamentais em cartas escritas em Pernambuco (1869-1969): tradição discursiva e sociopragmática
Authors: Gomes Valéria Severina , Lopes Célia Regina dos Santos 
Published: January 2016

Resumo: Este estudo objetiva analisar as formas de tratamento de base nominal e pronominal localizadas em cartas escritas em Pernambuco, entre o século 19 e o século 20 (1869-1969). O intuito é observar a distribuição dessas formas, com base na teoria do Poder e da Solidariedade (BROWN; GILMAN, 1960), a Teoria da Polidez (BROWN; LEVINSON, 1987), a Tradição Discursiva (KABATEK, 2006) e a Sociolinguística Histórica (CONDE-SILVESTRE, 2007). Os resultados mostraram que as formas de tratamento nominal (Vossa Mercê e O Senhor) ainda eram usadas por motivações pragmáticas e pela natureza do texto no século 19 e que houve um aumento progressivo de uso da nova forma (você) em quase todos os tipos de relações sociais ao longo do tempo.Palavras-chave: cartas pernambucanas, formas de tratamento nominal e pronominal, segunda pessoa.Abstract: This paper aims to analyze the nominal and pronominal forms of address found in letters written in state of Pernambuco (Brazil) in the 19th century and the 20th century (from 1869 to 1969). We intend to observe the distribution of forms of address, according to the theory of Power and Solidarity (BROWN; GILMAN, 1960), Politeness Theory (BROWN; LEVINSON, 1987), Discursive Tradition (KABATEK, 2006), the Historical Sociolinguistics (CONDE-SILVESTRE, 2007. The results showed that the nominal address forms (Vossa Mercê e O Senhor) were still used by pragmatic motivations and by the nature of the text in the 19th century and a progressive increase in the use of the form você in almost all types of social relations over time.Keywords: Letters from Pernambuco (Brazil), Nominal and Pronominal Forms of Address, Second Person.
Diferentes tendências em pesquisas sobre a fala egocêntrica: análise de produções brasileiras
Authors: Morais Alessandra de , Sasso Bruna Assem 
Published: January 2016

Resumo: O objetivo desta investigação foi o de realizar uma revisão de pesquisas desenvolvidas no Brasil sobre a fala egocêntrica, de forma a identificar as principais questões teórico-metodológicas presentes em seu estudo. A busca foi feita no banco de Teses da CAPES e abarcou o período de 1987 a 2012; foram encontradas oito teses / dissertações. Os resultados demonstraram a abordagem predominante da fala egocêntrica à luz da perspectiva Histórico-Cultural, de Vigotski, com a presença, sobretudo, de duas tendências: estudos que confirmam seus postulados e os que sugerem contribuições de outros teóricos, em especial de Bakhtin. Uma terceira tendência foi também reconhecida, que, embora sinalize para os trabalhos de Piaget e Vigotski, tece críticas a ambos e não adere a nenhum deles.Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento da Linguagem; fala egocentric; implicações educacionais.Abstract: The purpose of this research was to conduct a review of research developed in Brazil about egocentric speech, in order to identify key theoretical and methodological issues present in its study. A search was made in the CAPES Thesis databank, comprising the period from 1987 to 2012, and eight theses / dissertations were found. The results demonstrated the predominance of studies in the light of Vygotsky’s cultural-historical perspective, which can be divided according to two tendencies: those studies that confirm its postulates and those that suggest other theoretical contributions, particularly from the Circle of Bakhtin. A third tendency can also be recognized which, although signaling to the work of Piaget and Vigotski, criticizes both and does not adhere to any of them, proposing a different way of conceiving this linguistic occurrence.Keywords: Language Development; Egocentric Speech; Educational Implications.
A memória cognitivo-discursiva: entre discurso, Psicanálise e cognição
Authors: Machado Bruno Focas Vieira 
Published: January 2016

Resumo: Este texto pretende promover um debate interdisciplinar sobre as relações entre os conceitos de sujeito, de discurso e de memória, tal como são encontrados na Análise do Discurso Francesa e na Psicanálise; contrastando-os com as teorizações contemporâneas do campo da cognição social, mais propriamente pelas contribuições trazidas por Sophie Moirand e por Marie-Anne Paveau. Para cumprir esse objetivo, busca-se problematizar o paralelismo cognitivista que a contemporaneidade coloca para ambos os campos, o que culmina na construção de um novo conceito: a memória cognitivo-discursiva. Esse novo conceito é problematizado à luz da Análise do Discurso e da Psicanálise, consolidando uma reflexão sobre os efeitos contemporâneos do cognitivismo e do discurso da ciência em cada um dos campos de saber, assim como sobre a maneira em que ambos podem estabelecer um diálogo.Palavras-chave: discurso; cognição; memória; Psicanálise.Abstract: This text aims to promote an interdisciplinary debate on the relationship between the concepts of subject, speech and memory, such as they are found in the French Discourse Analysis and Psychoanalysis; contrasting them with contemporary theories from the field of social cognition, more properly the contributions made by Sophie Moirand and Marie-Anne Paveau. To achieve this goal, we problematize the cognitive parallelism that the contemporary world poses for both fields, culminating in the construction of a new concept: the cognitive-discursive memory. This new concept is questioned in the light of Discourse Analysis and Psychoanalysis, consolidating a reflection on the contemporary effects of cognitivism and the discourse of science in each of the fields of knowledge, as well as about the way both of them can establish a dialogue.Keywords: Discourse; Cognition; Memory; Psychoanalysis.
O discurso acadêmico sobre o professor na era digital
Authors: Ruiz Eliana Maria Severino Donaio 
Published: January 2016

Resumo: Tomando como aporte teórico a Análise Discurso de tradição francobrasileira, em uma perspectiva arqueogenealógica foucaultiana, e as contribuições dos Estudos Culturais, esta pesquisa pretende discutir as representações acerca do professor contemporâneo, num contexto fortemente marcado pelas tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação, em trabalhos acadêmicos em língua portuguesa publicados recentemente. A leitura revelou que está em curso, no campo educacional, uma vontade de verdade que relaciona educação e novas tecnologias, sendo enunciada por especialistas pesquisadores referendados pela sociedade; que tal vontade de verdade constitui uma prática contemporânea de subjetivação do professor; e que essa ordem do discurso pode ser encapsulada por quatro enunciados básicos tradutores dos sentidos que emergem dos excertos selecionados. Intenta-se, assim, uma governamentalidade, um campo estratégico de relações de poder que configura um processo atual de fabricação de uma nova identidade para o sujeito professor atuar na sociedade tecnológica regida pelas relações de mercado e pela lógica neoliberal de governo.Palavras-chave: professor; tecnologias digitais; discurso acadêmico; representações; governamentalidade.Abstract: Taking as theoretical support the Discourse Analysis of FrenchBrazilian tradition, in a Foucauldian arqueogenealogic perspective, this research aims to discuss the representations about the contemporary teacher in a context strongly marked by digital information and communication technologies in academic papers recently published in Portuguese. The reading revealed that is underway in the educational field a will to truth that relates education and new technologies, being enunciated by expert researchers endorsed by society; that this will to truth is a contemporary practice of teacher’s subjectivation; and that this order of discourse can be encapsulated by four basic statements translators of the meanings that emerge from selected clippings. Thus it intends to pursue a governamentality, a strategic field of power relations that sets a current construction of a new identity for the teacher as subject acting in a technological society governed by market relations and the neoliberal logic of government.Keywords: Teacher; Digital Technologies; Academic Discourse; Representations; Governmentality.
Usefulness of virtual bronchoscopy in evaluation of suspected foreign body in tracheobronchial tree
Authors: Srivastava Mohit , Tyagi Sushant 
Published: January 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Airway foreign bodies remain a diagnostic challenge to health care professionals. They can become life threatening emergencies that require immediate intervention or can go unnoticed for weeks and even months. Every effort should be made to avoid a delay in diagnosis because this may lead to a notable increase in complication rates. The objective of this study is to investigate the usefulness of virtual bronchoscopy in evaluation of suspected foreign body aspiration in tracheobronchial tree.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective &amp; prospective study of 100 patients is conducted in the department of otorhinolaryngology &amp; Head &amp; Neck Surgery, Saraswathi Institute of Medical sciences, Hapur, Uttar Pradesh, India; from August 2011 to August 2015. Cases referred from department of paediatrics, with history of sudden breathlessness, sudden onset of cough with or without cyanosis &amp; with or without pyrexia. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> In our studies highest incidence of foreign bodies i.e. 61% were seen in the children between the age of 1-5 yrs 73% cases were male children while 27% were female children. Incidence of FB was quite higher in low socio economic status group (63%) as compared to middle class (34%) In our studies maximum no of cases i.e. 31% were betel nut followed by custard apple 22%. Others include gram seed (8%), tamarind seed (6%), coconut (5%) and ground nut (10%). In our studies, majority of FB in air passage were in right main bronchus 57% followed by upper air passage (22%) &amp; 21% in left main bronchus.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> FB aspiration is an anaesthetic emergency and senior help should be sought early. Techniques should be tailored to the clinical context but spontaneous respiration should be maintained wherever possible. VB is proving to be a very helpful investigation modality in patients of a compromised airway. VB works well in planning the further management protocol not only in conjunction with other modalities but also on its own It is accurate but its accuracy is not 100% because of false positive &amp; false negative results. VB will never replace actual bronchoscopy (gold standard) but it can assist &amp; complement it. </p>
The effect of mechanical vibration on orthodontically induced root resorption
Authors: Yadav Sumit , Dobie Thomas , Assefnia Amir , Kalajzic Zana , Nanda Ravindra 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To investigate the effect of low-frequency mechanical vibration (LFMV) on orthodontically induced root resorption.

Materials and Methods:
Forty male CD1, 12-week-old mice were used for the study. The mice were randomly divided into five groups: group 1 (baseline)—no spring and no mechanical vibration, group 2—orthodontic spring but no vibration, group 3—orthodontic spring and 5 Hz of vibration applied to the maxillary first molar, group 4—orthodontic spring and 10 Hz of vibration applied to maxillary first molar, and group 5—orthodontic spring and 20 Hz of vibration applied to maxillary first molar. In the different experimental groups, the first molar was moved mesially for 2 weeks using a nickel-titanium coil spring delivering 10 g of force. LFMVs were applied at 5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz. Microfocus X-ray computed tomography imaging was used to analyze root resorption. Additionally, to understand the mechanism, we applied LFMV to MC3T3 cells, and gene expression analyses were done for receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG).

Results:
Orthodontic tooth movement leads to decreased root volume (increased root resorption craters). Our in vivo experiments showed a trend toward increase in root volume with different frequencies of mechanical vibration. In vitro gene expression analyses showed that with 20 Hz of mechanical vibration, there was a significant decrease in RANKL and a significant increase in OPG expression.

Conclusion:
There was a trend toward decreased root resorption with different LFMVs (5 Hz, 10 Hz, and 20 Hz); however, it was not more statistically significant than the orthodontic-spring-only group.
Association Between Hospitalization for Heart Failure and Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Inhibitors in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: An Observational Study
Authors: Fu Alex Z. , Johnston Stephen S. , Ghannam Ameen , Tsai Katherine , Cappell Katherine , Fowler Robert , Riehle Ellen , Cole Ashley L. , Kalsekar Iftekhar , Sheehan John 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
To examine, among patients with type 2 diabetes, the association between hospitalization for heart failure (hHF) and treatment with dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors (DPP-4is) versus sulfonylureas (SUs), and treatment with saxagliptin versus sitagliptin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a retrospective, observational study using a U.S. insurance claims database. Patients initiated treatment between 1 August 2010 and 30 August 2013, and had no use of the comparator treatments in the prior 12 months (baseline). Each comparison consisted of patients matched 1:1 on a propensity score. Time to each outcome was compared between matched groups using Cox models. Analyses were stratified by the presence of baseline cardiovascular disease (CVD). Secondary analyses examined associations between comparator treatments and other selected cardiovascular events.

RESULTS
After matching, the study included 218,556 patients in comparisons of DPP-4i and SU, and 112,888 in comparisons of saxagliptin and sitagliptin. The hazard ratios (HRs) of hHF were as follows: DPP-4i versus SU (reference): HR 0.95 (95% CI 0.78–1.15), P = 0.580 for patients with baseline CVD; HR 0.59 (95% CI 0.38–0.89), P = 0.013 for patients without baseline CVD; saxagliptin versus sitagliptin (reference): HR 0.95 (95% CI 0.70–1.28), P = 0.712 for patients with baseline CVD; HR 0.99 (95% CI 0.56–1.75), P = 0.972 for patients without baseline CVD. Comparisons of the individual secondary and composite cardiovascular outcomes followed a similar pattern.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with type 2 diabetes, there was no association between hHF, or other selected cardiovascular outcomes, and treatment with a DPP-4i relative to SU or treatment with saxagliptin relative to sitagliptin.
Reduced Lower-Limb Muscle Strength and Volume in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Relation to Neuropathy, Intramuscular Fat, and Vitamin D Levels
Authors: Almurdhi Monirah M. , Reeves Neil D. , Bowling Frank L. , Boulton Andrew J.M. , Jeziorska Maria , Malik Rayaz A. 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
Muscle weakness and atrophy of the lower limbs may develop in patients with diabetes, increasing their risk of falls. The underlying basis of these abnormalities has not been fully explained. The aim of this study was to objectively quantify muscle strength and size in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in relation to the severity of neuropathy, intramuscular noncontractile tissue (IMNCT), and vitamin D deficiency.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Twenty patients with T2DM and 20 healthy control subjects were matched by age, sex, and BMI. Strength and size of knee extensor, flexor, and ankle plantar and dorsiflexor muscles were assessed in relation to the severity of diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy (DSPN), amount of IMNCT, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels.

RESULTS
Compared with control subjects, patients with T2DM had significantly reduced knee extensor strength (P = 0.003) and reduced muscle volume of both knee extensors (P = 0.045) and flexors (P = 0.019). Ankle plantar flexor strength was also significantly reduced (P = 0.001) but without a reduction in ankle plantar flexor (P = 0.23) and dorsiflexor (P = 0.45) muscle volumes. IMNCT was significantly increased in the ankle plantar (P = 0.006) and dorsiflexors (P = 0.005). Patients with DSPN had significantly less knee extensor strength than those without (P = 0.02) but showed no difference in knee extensor volume (P = 0.38) and ankle plantar flexor strength (P = 0.21) or volume (P = 0.96). In patients with &lt;25 nmol/L versus &gt;25 nmol/L 25OHD, no significant differences were found for knee extensor strength and volume (P = 0.32 vs. 0.18) and ankle plantar flexors (P = 0.58 vs. 0.12).

CONCLUSIONS
Patients with T2DM have a significant reduction in proximal and distal leg muscle strength and a proximal but not distal reduction in muscle volume possibly due to greater intramuscular fat accumulation in distal muscles. Proximal but not distal muscle strength is related to the severity of peripheral neuropathy but not IMNCT or 25OHD level.
Adherence to Oral Glucose-Lowering Therapies and Associations With 1-Year HbA1c: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis in a Large Primary Care Database
Authors: Farmer Andrew J. , Rodgers Lauren R. , Lonergan Mike , Shields Beverley , Weedon Michael N. , Donnelly Louise , Holman Rury R. , Pearson Ewan R. , Hattersley Andrew T. 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVEThe impact of taking oral glucose-lowering medicines intermittently, rather than as recommended, is unclear. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using community-acquired U.K. clinical data (Clinical Practice Research Database [CPRD] and GoDARTS database) to examine the prevalence of nonadherence to treatment for type 2 diabetes and investigate its potential impact on HbA1c reduction stratified by type of glucose-lowering medication.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSData were extracted for patients treated between 2004 and 2014 who were newly prescribed metformin, sulfonylurea, thiazolidinedione, or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and who continued to obtain prescriptions over 1 year. Cohorts were defined by prescribed medication type, and good adherence was defined as a medication possession ratio ≥0.8. Linear regression was used to determine potential associations between adherence and 1-year baseline-adjusted HbA1c reduction.RESULTSIn CPRD and GoDARTS, 13% and 15% of patients, respectively, were nonadherent. Proportions of nonadherent patients varied by the oral glucose-lowering treatment prescribed (range 8.6% [thiazolidinedione] to 18.8% [metformin]). Nonadherent, compared with adherent, patients had a smaller HbA1c reduction (0.4% [4.4 mmol/mol] and 0.46% [5.0 mmol/mol] for CPRD and GoDARTs, respectively). Difference in HbA1c response for adherent compared with nonadherent patients varied by drug (range 0.38% [4.1 mmol/mol] to 0.75% [8.2 mmol/mol] lower in adherent group). Decreasing levels of adherence were consistently associated with a smaller reduction in HbA1c.CONCLUSIONSReduced medication adherence for commonly used glucose-lowering therapies among patients persisting with treatment is associated with smaller HbA1c reductions compared with those taking treatment as recommended. Differences observed in HbA1c responses to glucose-lowering treatments may be explained in part by their intermittent use.
Prevalence of Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy in a Large U.S. Commercially Insured Pediatric Population, 2002–2013
Authors: Li Lin , Jick Susan , Breitenstein Stefanie , Michel Alexander 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
To estimate the prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy in a large population of U.S. commercially insured patients aged &lt;18 years from 2002 to 2013.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Using the U.S. MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database, we identified 96,171 pediatric patients with diabetes and 3,161 pediatric patients with diabetic nephropathy during 2002–2013. We estimated prevalence of pediatric diabetes overall, by diabetes type, age, and sex, and prevalence of pediatric diabetic nephropathy overall, by age, sex, and diabetes type.

RESULTS
The annual prevalence of diabetes in the whole pediatric population increased from 1.86 to 2.82 per 1,000 during 2002–2013: 1.48 to 2.32 per 1,000 for type 1 diabetes and 0.38 to 0.67 per 1,000 for type 2 diabetes in 2002–2006 and then 0.56 to 0.49 per 1,000 thereafter. The annual prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in pediatric patients with diabetes increased from 1.16 to 3.44% for all cases and 0.83 to 2.32% for probable cases only in 2002–2013. Prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy was highest in patients aged 12 to &lt;18 years. While prevalence of type 1 diabetes was higher in male than in female youth, prevalence of type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy was higher in female than in male youth. There was no difference in prevalence of diabetic nephropathy by diabetes type.

CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy increased in the U.S. MarketScan commercially insured pediatric population from 2002 to 2013. The prevalence of diabetes and diabetic nephropathy markedly increased starting at age 12 years.