bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análisis de los ciclos del producto interno bruto agropecuario colombiano 1976-2013
Authors: Chaves Castro Alvaro Hernando 
Published: February 2017

El análisis de contabilidad de crecimiento en el sector entre el periodo 1976-2013 muestra una fuerte contribución del factor trabajo y del crecimiento de la PTF, pero una baja contribución del stock de capital. Los resultados de la estimación del ciclo a partir de diferentes métodos de filtrado de series de tiempo indican que se registran tres ciclos completos con una duración de 16 trimestres (4 años). Las fases de expansión duran, en promedio, 29 trimestres (9,6 años), y las de contracción, 4 trimestres (1 año), lo que implica que los ciclos en el sector agrícola son asimétricos, dada la mayor duración de las expansiones con relación a las contracciones. El análisis de comovimientos del ciclo del PIB y cada uno de sus componentes de demanda en el sector muestra que las variables agregadas de la actividad agropecuaria se comportan de manera procíclica. La fuerte covarianza del PIB con el consumo aparente y de las exportaciones del café y la balanza comercial es uno de los mejores hechos estilizados que han caracterizado las fluctuaciones económicas en el sector agrícola durante el periodo de análisis.
Soil pH, Soil Organic Matter, and Crop Yields in Winter Wheat–Summer Fallow Systems
Authors: Ghimire Rajan , Machado Stephen , Bista Prakriti 
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas
Continuous addition of ammonical N fertilizer increases soil acidity.
Soil acidification influences nutrient dynamics and crop yields.
Soil organic C and soil N decreased over years under winter wheat–summer fallow system.
Soil acidifcation was not related with soil organic carbon and soil N loss over years.
Soil acidification should be carefully monitored in systems using ammonical N fertilizers.
Soil acidification has become a major environmental challenge for crop production in the inland Pacific Northwest (iPNW). We evaluated the effects of tillage and N‐fertilizer management on soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil N, and crop yields from 1995 through 2010 in an ongoing long‐term experiment in eastern Oregon. Tillage systems included moldboard plow (MP), disk plow (DP), and subsurface sweep (SW) and N‐fertilizer rates were 0, 45, 90, 135, 180 kg N ha−1 crop−1 in a dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–summer fallow (WW–SF) system. Soil pH, SOC, and N were monitored in 1995 and 2010, and crop yields were monitored every other year. Soil pH was lower in the higher N rate treatments. Long‐term N fertilizer application increased soil acidity in 0‐ to 10‐cm depth by 0.3, 0.2, and 0.3 units in MP, DP, and SW, respectively, for every 1000 kg N applied through ammonical N fertilizers. Soil pH was higher in DP than MP in 10‐ to 20‐ and 20‐ to 30‐cm depth profiles. The SOC and N concentrations in the top 30‐cm depth were lower in 2010 than in 1995 across all treatments. Wheat yield increased significantly with increase in N rates from 0 to 90 kg N ha−1 crop−1. There were no further yield increases above 90 kg N ha−1 crop−1. Soil acidification, SOC and nutrient dynamics should be carefully monitored in cropping systems using ammonical N fertilizers, particularly under high rate of N application and reduced tillage.
Mineral Element Analyses of Switchgrass Biomass: Comparison of the Accuracy and Precision of Laboratories
Authors: Vogel Kenneth P. , Medill Rose , Masterson Steven D. , Mitchell Robert B. , Sarath Gautam 
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas
Mineral concentration of plant biomass can affect its use in thermal conversion to energy.
Precision and accuracy of laboratory mineral analyses of plant biomass can vary significantly.
Standard samples need to be used to monitor laboratories precision and accuracy.
Mineral concentration of plant biomass can affect its use in thermal conversion to energy. The objective of this study was to compare the precision and accuracy of university and private laboratories that conduct mineral analyses of plant biomass on a fee basis. Accuracy and precision of the laboratories was tested by having all laboratories conduct mineral analyses on subsamples of the same set of standard switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) samples and a certified standard. Laboratories differed significantly in both accuracy and precision even though several used the same analysis method indicating that the differences among laboratories were due to within laboratory procedures and quality control. Laboratories should be using sample standards to monitor both precision and accuracy of their mineral analyses. It would be advisable for researchers submitting samples to service laboratories to replicate the unknown samples to determine precision and to include replicated standards among the submitted samples to determine accuracy.
Phytate Degradation by Different Phosphohydrolase Enzymes: Contrasting Kinetics, Decay Rates, Pathways, and Isotope Effects
Authors: Sun Mingjing , Alikhani Jamal , Massoudieh Arash , Greiner Ralf , Jaisi Deb P. 
Published: February 2017

Core Ideas
Phytate is degraded through distinct pathways for a particular enzyme.
Oxygen isotope ratios of phosphate moieties in phytate are isotopically identical.
These findings bring new insights into tracking phytate sources in the environment.
Phytate (IP6) is often the most common organic P compound particularly in agricultural soils. Understanding the fate of inositol phosphate (IPx) in the environment in terms of isomeric composition and concentration and assessing relative resistance to (or preference for) degradation is essential to estimate the potential role of IPx in generating inorganic P (Pi) as well as overall P cycling in the environment. In this study, we analyzed IP6 degradation by four common phosphohydrolase enzymes (phytase from wheat [Triticum aestivum L.] and Aspergillus niger and acid phosphatase from wheat germ and potato [Solanum tuberosum L.]), with particular focus on degradation pathways, isomer kinetic decay rate, and isotope effects using a combination of high‐performance ion chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, stable isotopes, and process‐based modeling techniques. Our results show that the degradation pathways are often distinct among enzymes. The process‐based Bayesian inverse modeling was used to capture the trend and magnitude of the measured concentrations for each IPx isomer and to determine the decay constants. Furthermore, O isotope ratios (δ18OP) of released Pi enabled the identification of isotopically identical phosphate moieties in phytate derived from natural sources. Distinctly different fractionation factors, degradation pathways, and kinetic decay rate coefficients among the enzymes studied could lead to potential discrimination and tracking of phytate sources and products as well as active enzymes present in the environment.
‘Recorded by the School of Scottish Studies…’ The Impact of the Tape-Recorder In a Rural Community
Authors: Bennett Margaret 
Published: February 2017

‘Recorded by the School of Scottish Studies…’ The Impact of the Tape-Recorder In a Rural Community Most people in Scotland interested in traditional songs and stories will have heard the phrase ‘they were recorded by the School of Scottish Studies’. From 1951, when the School was founded, those whose songs, stories and oral traditions were of interest to collectors and research staff enjoyed the prestige of having their names linked with what has become our national collection. For many years, the fact that a singer or story-teller had been ‘recorded by the School of Scottish Studies’ would often form part of an introduction at a ceilidh or a concert.
Reflexiones acerca de la responsabilidad social empresarial desde su dimensión laboral
Authors: Jaramillo Aragon Isabel Cristina 
Published: February 2017

A pesar de que no existe una definición unívoca de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE), se ha adoptado la que se formuló en el llamado “Libro Verde” de la Unión Europea, en el año 2001. En este sentido, la RSE debe corresponder a la actitud con que la empresa afronta las diferentes demandas o exigencias que existen en la sociedad a la cual pertenece, exigencias que constituyen un plus normativo que va más allá de las obligaciones legales, sociales, ambientales y económicas. Ese plus normativo genera ventajas competitivas y beneficios sociales adicionales a los económicos, las cuales se traducen en bienestar para sus diferentes grupos de interés. Además, mejora la imagen y reputación que se proyecta y construye por parte de la empresa hacia el colectivo de ciudadanos. Esto le permite fortalecer el posicionamiento e identidad de su marca y productos; y al mismo tiempo beneficia su propio prestigio. Al ser la RSE de carácter voluntario se sugiere que los Gobiernos y actores sociales adopten medidas concretas para su desarrollo, tales como leyes, incentivos fiscales, investigación universitaria, entre otros.
Methods for preparing polymer-decorated single exchange-biased magnetic nanoparticles for application in flexible polymer-based films
Authors: Ourry Laurence , Toulemon Delphine , Ammar Souad , Mammeri Fayna 
Published: February 2017

Background: Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) must not only be well-defined in composition, shape and size to exhibit the desired properties (e.g., exchange-bias for thermal stability of the magnetization) but also judiciously functionalized to ensure their stability in air and their compatibility with a polymer matrix, in order to avoid aggregation which may seriously affect their physical properties. Dipolar interactions between NPs too close to each other favour a collective magnetic glass state with lower magnetization and coercivity because of inhomogeneous and frustrated macrospin cluster freezing. Consequently, tailoring chemically (through surface functionalization) and magnetically stable NPs for technological applications is of primary importance.Results: In this work, well-characterized exchange-biased perfectly epitaxial CoxFe3−xO4@CoO core@shell NPs, which were isotropic in shape and of about 10 nm in diameter, were decorated by two different polymers, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or polystyrene (PS), using radical-controlled polymerization under various processing conditions. We compared the influence of the synthesis parameters on the structural and microstructural properties of the resulting hybrid systems, with special emphasis on significantly reducing their mutual magnetic attraction. For this, we followed two routes: the first one consists of the direct grafting of bromopropionyl ester groups at the surface of the NPs, which were previously recovered and redispersed in a suitable solvent. The second route deals with an “all in solution” process, based on the decoration of NPs by oleic acid followed by ligand exchange with the desired bromopropionyl ester groups. We then built various assemblies of NPs directly on a substrate or suspended in PMMA.Conclusion: The alternative two-step strategy leads to better dispersed polymer-decorated magnetic particles, and the resulting nanohybrids can be considered as valuable building blocks for flexible, magnetic polymer-based devices.
Variable Stars Observed in the Galactic Disk by AST3-1 from Dome A, Antarctica
Authors: Wang Lingzhi , Ma Bin , Li Gang , Hu Yi , Fu Jianning , Wang Lifan , Ashley Michael C. B. , Cui Xiangqun , Du Fujia , Gong Xuefei , Li Xiaoyan , Li Zhengyang , Liu Qiang , Pennypacker Carl R. , Shang Zhaohui , Yuan Xiangyan , York Donald G. , Zhou Jilin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
AST3-1 is the second-generation wide-field optical photometric telescope dedicated to time-domain astronomy at Dome A, Antarctica. Here, we present the results of an i-band images survey from AST3-1 toward one Galactic disk field. Based on time-series photometry of 92,583 stars, 560 variable stars were detected with i magnitude ≤16.5 mag during eight days of observations; 339 of these are previously unknown variables. We tentatively classify the 560 variables as 285 eclipsing binaries (EW, EB, and EA), 27 pulsating variable stars (δ Scuti, γ Doradus, δ Cephei variable, and RR Lyrae stars), and 248 other types of variables (unclassified periodic, multiperiodic, and aperiodic variable stars). Of the eclipsing binaries, 34 show O’Connell effects. One of the aperiodic variables shows a plateau light curve and another variable shows a secondary maximum after peak brightness. We also detected a complex binary system with an RS CVn-like light-curve morphology; this object is being followed-up spectroscopically using the Gemini South telescope.
The SEEDS High-Contrast Imaging Survey of Exoplanets Around Young Stellar Objects
Authors: Uyama Taichi , Hashimoto Jun , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Mayama Satoshi , Akiyama Eiji , Currie Thayne , Livingston John , Kudo Tomoyuki , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Abe Lyu , Brandner Wolfgang , Brandt Timothy D. , Carson Joseph C. , Egner Sebastian , Feldt Markus , Goto Miwa , Grady Carol A. , Guyon Olivier , Hayano Yutaka , Hayashi Masahiko , Hayashi Saeko S. , Henning Thomas , Hodapp Klaus W. , Ishii Miki , Iye Masanori , Janson Markus , Kandori Ryo , Knapp Gillian R. , Kwon Jungmi , Matsuo Taro , Mcelwain Michael W. , Miyama Shoken , Morino Jun-Ichi , Moro-Martin Amaya , Nishimura Tetsuo , Pyo Tae-Soo , Serabyn Eugene , Suenaga Takuya , Suto Hiroshi , Suzuki Ryuji , Takahashi Yasuhiro H. , Takami Michihiro , Takato Naruhisa , Terada Hiroshi , Thalmann Christian , Turner Edwin L. , Watanabe Makoto , Wisniewski John , Yamada Toru , Takami Hideki , Usuda Tomonori , Tamura Motohide 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present high-contrast observations of 68 young stellar objects (YSOs) that have been explored as part of the Strategic Exploration of Exoplanets and Disks with Subaru (SEEDS) survey on the Subaru telescope. Our targets are very young (<10 Myr) stars, which often harbor protoplanetary disks where planets may be forming. We achieve a typical contrast of ∼10−4–10−5.5 at an angular distance of 1″ from the central star, corresponding to typical mass sensitivities (assuming hot-start evolutionary models) of ∼10 M
J at 70 au and ∼6 M
J at 140 au. We detected a new stellar companion to HIP 79462 and confirmed the substellar objects GQ Lup b and ROXs 42B b. An additional six companion candidates await follow-up observations to check for common proper motion. Our SEEDS YSO observations probe the population of planets and brown dwarfs at the very youngest ages; these may be compared to the results of surveys targeting somewhat older stars. Our sample and the associated observational results will help enable detailed statistical analyses of giant planet formation.
Exploring the SDSS Data Set with Linked Scatter Plots. I. EMP, CEMP, and CV Stars
Authors: Carbon Duane F. , Henze Christopher , Nelson Bron C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
We present the results of a search for extremely metal-poor (EMP), carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP), and cataclysmic variable (CV) stars using a new exploration tool based on linked scatter plots (LSPs). Our approach is especially designed to work with very large spectrum data sets such as the SDSS, LAMOST, RAVE, and Gaia data sets, and it can be applied to stellar, galaxy, and quasar spectra. As a demonstration, we conduct our search using the SDSS DR10 data set. We first created a 3326-dimensional phase space containing nearly 2 billion measures of the strengths of over 1600 spectral features in 569,738 SDSS stars. These measures capture essentially all the stellar atomic and molecular species visible at the resolution of SDSS spectra. We show how LSPs can be used to quickly isolate and examine interesting portions of this phase space. To illustrate, we use LSPs coupled with cuts in selected portions of phase space to extract EMP stars, CEMP stars, and CV stars. We present identifications for 59 previously unrecognized candidate EMP stars and 11 previously unrecognized candidate CEMP stars. We also call attention to 2 candidate He ii emission CV stars found by the LSP approach that have not yet been discussed in the literature.
A Comparison of Two Methods for Estimating Black Hole Spin in Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Capellupo Daniel M. , Wafflard-Fernandez Gaylor , Haggard Daryl 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Angular momentum, or spin, is a fundamental property of black holes (BHs), yet it is much more difficult to estimate than mass or accretion rate (for actively accreting systems). In recent years, high-quality X-ray observations have allowed for detailed measurements of the Fe Kα emission line, where relativistic line broadening allows constraints on the spin parameter (the X-ray reflection method). Another technique uses accretion disk models to fit the AGN continuum emission (the continuum-fitting, or CF, method). Although each technique has model-dependent uncertainties, these are the best empirical tools currently available and should be vetted in systems where both techniques can be applied. A detailed comparison of the two methods is also useful because neither method can be applied to all AGN. The X-ray reflection technique targets mostly local (z ≲ 0.1) systems, while the CF method can be applied at higher redshift, up to and beyond the peak of AGN activity and growth. Here, we apply the CF method to two AGN with X-ray reflection measurements. For both the high-mass AGN, H1821+643, and the Seyfert 1, NGC 3783, we find a range in spin parameter consistent with the X-ray reflection measurements. However, the near-maximal spin favored by the reflection method for NGC 3783 is more probable if we add a disk wind to the model. Refinement of these techniques, together with improved X-ray measurements and tighter BH mass constraints, will permit this comparison in a larger sample of AGN and increase our confidence in these spin estimation techniques.
Acceptable Risk in Military Bridge Evaluation
Authors: MacDonald Andrew James , Wight R. Gordon , Bartlett F. Michael 
Published: February 2017

In military bridge evaluation, acceptable life-safety risk in crossings should be aligned with the acceptable life-safety risk of the associated military operation. A continuum of acceptable life-safety risk exists for military operations, thus a continuum of acceptable life-safety risk for military vehicles crossing bridges exists. The paper relates military mission life-safety acceptable risk levels to acceptable bridge crossing life-safety risk in an approximate quantitative manner. A continuum of acceptable life-safety risk for military bridge crossings provides flexibility in mission planning and execution, while providing engineers a basis to conduct military bridge evaluation that is consistent with the mission intent.
L'Amérique latine dans la globalisation financière : a-t-on appris des crises passées ?
Authors: Dufrénot Gilles 
Published: February 2017

Cet article propose une réflexion des politiques monétaires et de change suivies par les pays d’Amérique latine lors des crises financières, qui sont apparues au cours de chaque décennie, depuis le début des années 1980. Il expose ce qu’a impliqué le syndrome que Reinhart expose par « cette fois-ci, les choses sont différentes ». Sont développées notamment les erreurs de diagnostic sur les causes structurelles des crises, les dommages causés par la volonté de maintenir un taux de change fixe par rapport au dollar au moment fort des crises. L’article se penche également sur les problématiques auxquelles les pays font actuellement face : la malédiction des ressources, le dilemme entre appréciation monétaire et bulles financières, les enjeux du ciblage d’inflation. Nous suggérons que les gouvernements ont appris des crises passées, en ancrant davantage les politiques financières sur la réalité de leurs économies : le régime de change n’est plus l’élément guidant la politique de lutte contre l’inflation, les prêts en monnaie locale ont augmenté grâce à l’essor des marchés obligataires domestiques, la politique monétaire est demeurée accommodante au cours de la crise financière de 2008, des accords de swaps entre banques centrales sont conclus pour répondre aux besoins de devises internationales. Classification JEL : E52, F14, F31, F33, F42, O11, O54.
Infirmières issues de minorités visibles et mobilité verticale en milieu hospitalier
Authors: Bouabdillah Naima , Holmes Dave , Tourigny Jocelyne 
Published: February 2017

Le Canada a connu un changement important dans sa composition ethnoculturelle au cours des dernières décennies. L’immigration soutenue en provenance de pays non-européens se reflète clairement dans les établissements de santé. Cependant, le nombre d’infirmières issues des minorités visibles (IMV) demeure faible dans les postes de gestion. Cette recherche adoptant l’ethnographie critique et l’approche postcoloniale porte sur les cheminements de carrière des IMV dans les établissements canadiens de soins de santé. Infirmières (n=8, IMV) et gestionnaires (n=4 caucasiennes) ont participé à une série d’entrevues semistructurées afin de recueillir des informations sur la représentativité des IMV dans les postes de gestion. Le cadre théorique sur l’altérité ( Othering ) a été choisi pour orienter ce projet sur le plan méthodique, car il fait le lien avec la « lutte de classement » de Bourdieu. Quatre thèmes principaux étroitement associés aux barrières ont émergé de l’analyse à savoir ; embauche et promotion ; instrumentalisation des IMV ; relations interpersonnelles et souffrances et stratégies défensives. Les résultats montrent que les IMV se heurtent à des obstacles, souvent invisibles, qui contribuent à les maintenir à un niveau inférieur de la hiérarchie institutionnelle, notamment le processus d’embauche et de promotion qu’elles décrivent comme injuste et discriminatoire.
Perception of Scenes in Different Sensory Modalities: A Result of Modal Completion
Authors: Gruber Ronald P. , Block Richard A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Dynamic perception includes amodal and modal completion, along with apparent movement. It fills temporal gaps for single objects. In 2 experiments, using 6 stimulus presentation conditions involving 3 sensory modalities, participants experienced 8–10 sequential stimuli (200 ms each) with interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 0.25–7.0 s. Experiments focused on spatiotemporal completion (walking), featural completion (object changing), auditory completion (falling bomb), and haptic changes (insect crawling). After each trial, participants judged whether they experienced the process of “happening” or whether they simply knew that the process must have occurred. The phenomenon was frequency independent, being reported at short ISIs but not at long ISIs. The phenomenon involves dynamic modal completion and possibly also conceptual processes.