bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alcohol and drugs in adolescence: work process in health in school program
Authors: Coutinho Bruna Luiza Matos , Feitosa Amanda Alves , Diniz Camila Bantim Cross , Ramos José Lucas Souza , Ribeiro Larissa Zuqui , Amorim Sheila Rodrigues , Castro Caroline Feitosa Dibai de , Bezerra Italla Maria Pinheiro 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Adolescence is characterized as a transition period between childhood and adult life that imposes great physical, cognitive and psychosocial changes. During that period, the adolescent is exposed and vulnerable to the consumption of alcohol and drugs, and has been an scenery where nurses who works in the School Health Programs (SHP) interact with them. In this sense, the interaction between education and health can influence adolescents to become questioners of the risks they are exposed and look together for better options to improve their quality of life. Objective: To analyse the perception and health practices of Nurses working in the School Health Programs of prevention of alcohol and drugs during adolescence. Method: This is a descriptive and qualitative study carried out in the city of Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil, with 18 nurses participating in the SHP, who implement actions with adolescents in schools. The data collection took place through a semi structured interview and their organization through thematic analysis. Results: The participants affirmed that the importance of their actions and work is directed to prevent the use of alcohol and drugs among adolescents, excluding the precepts of health promotion. They pointed out that the interaction between education and health is characterized as an effective strategy in the prevention of damages caused by the use of alcohol and drugs, emphasizing the participation of family members during the process of elaboration, application and continuity. It was also evidenced that the educational practices are performed mostly through lectures, characterizing a work centred on clinical, individual and curative practice. Conclusion: Nurses understand that the interaction between health and education is an effective strategy to prevent the use of alcohol and drugs in adolescents, emphasizing the importance of family participation in the process of construction and support of this context. However, it is possible to identify that the actions developed by these professionals are still restricted to modify some behaviours such as to improve their willing of sharing new knowledge.
Correlations between enhanced electron temperatures and electric field wave power in the Martian ionosphere
Authors: Fowler C. M. , Andersson L. , Peterson W. K. , Halekas J. , Nagy A. F. , Ergun R. E. , Espley J. , Mitchell D. L. , Connerney J. E. P. , Mazelle C. , Mahaffy P. R. , Jakosky B. M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractStatistical correlations are reported between measured electron temperatures and total electric field wave power (in the 2–100 Hz frequency range), at Mars' subsolar point ionosphere. The observations, made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft, suggest that electric field wave power from the Mars‐solar wind interaction propagates through the Martian ionosphere and is able to heat ionospheric electrons by over 1000 K. Such heating can account for a substantial (but likely not complete) fraction of previously reported discrepancies between modeled and observed electron temperatures in Mars' upper ionosphere. Wave power is typically less than observable thresholds below altitudes of about 200 km, suggesting that energy is deposited into the ionosphere above this. Observed total wave powers range between 10−12 and 10−9 (V/m)2 and decrease with increasing integrated electron density (or decreasing altitude).
Albedo changes after fire as an explanation of fire‐induced rainfall suppression
Authors: Saha Michael V. , D'Odorico Paolo , Scanlon Todd M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObservational evidence of rainfall suppression by fire has recently been documented in African drylands, but the underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the extent to which fire‐induced changes in latent heat flux and albedo may inhibit boundary layer predisposition to convective rainfall. We use Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 reanalysis data from the Kalahari region of Southern Africa to drive a low‐dimensional boundary layer growth model. We find that both increased albedo and, to a lesser extent, increased latent heat flux could result in less convective rainfall. The sensitivity to land surface feedbacks is higher earlier in the dry season and at drier sites. Finally, using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer fire and albedo data, we present novel evidence that increases in albedo after fire, or brightening, are common in regions receiving less than 850 mm of precipitation annually. This supports the idea that fire‐induced surface brightening is responsible for observed rainfall deficits after fire.
Gynoecium Patterning in Arabidopsis: A Basic Plan Behind a Complex Structure
Authors: Sundberg Eva , Ferrándiz Cristina 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Arabidopsis gynoecium consists of two congenitally fused carpels that, at maturity, form a bilocular chamber protecting the ovules and placentae produced by the meristematic regions of the carpel margins. This meristematic region also gives rise to a style capped with stigmatic papillae at the apical end of the developing gynoecia and a transmitting tract that connects the stigma to the ovule‐bearing chambers. Most data point towards a common evolutionary origin of leaves and carpels and suggest that leaves can be transformed to carpels by expressing only a few carpel identity genes. In this review, we have therefore approached the carpels from the leaf‐like organ hidden within by stressing the parallels between leaf and carpel development. Many of the genes with a role in leaf development were first identified by the effect their mutations cause in carpel development, suggesting that the regulatory networks may be more robust in leaves than in the more complex and evolutionary younger carpels. Similar genetic networks ensure the maintenance of adaxial–abaxial, proximal–distal and medial–lateral dichotomies in leaves and carpels. Data have emerged showing that crosstalk and redundancies are characteristics of these pathways, as well as a general interplay of hormonal balances, with auxin as a major morphogen.
Signal Achievements in Gibberellin Research: The Second Half‐Century
Authors: Sponsel Valerie M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractChapter 1 briefly recounts the discovery of gibberellins (GAs) as natural products of the fungusGibberella fujikuroiin the early part of the twentieth century, and provides a historical overview of GA research from the late 1950s to the present day. It describes how biosynthetic pathways to GAs inGibberellaand higher plants were defined, and how stem length mutants of cereals and legumes were instrumental in establishing which GAs are biologically active and have hormonal function. The chapter presents an overview of the cereal aleurone system in which GA signalling was first studied, and describes how more recent use ofArabidopsisand rice led to the characterisation of a GA receptor (GID1) and downstream regulatory proteins (DELLAs). A number of DELLA‐interacting proteins are described, illustrating how it is that GA‐induced degradation of DELLAs facilitates downstream responses including cell elongation. Other ‘classical’ GA responses include germination and flowering in some species.
Gibberellin Biosynthesis in Higher Plants
Authors: Hedden Peter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBiosynthesis of the major biologically active gibberellins (GAs) in higher plants proceeds first in plastids via the tetracyclic diterpene hydrocarbonent‐kaurene, which is oxidised by membrane‐associated cytochrome P450 mono‐oxygenases to produce GA12and GA53on the endoplasmic reticulum. These intermediates are oxidised further by the soluble 2‐oxoglutarate‐dependent dioxygenases GA 20‐oxidase and GA 3‐oxidase to the active C19‐GA end products, GA4and GA1, respectively. The genes encoding most of the enzymes of the pathway have been identified in several species and the mechanisms by which their expression is regulated in response to developmental and environmental signals are being elucidated. The chapter will review the pathway, discuss the function of the biosynthetic enzymes and highlight recent understanding of their regulation.
Bioarchaeological profile of stress and dental disease among ancient high altitude Himalayan communities of Nepal
Authors: Eng Jacqueline T. , Aldenderfer Mark 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study examines biological indicators of dental disease and nonspecific stress in human remains of three high altitude Himalayan archaeological sites to test whether shared ecological constraints led to similar bioarchaeological profiles in these markers.MethodsSamples (n = 170) derive from three sites in Nepal dating to two periods (400–50 BCE and c. 400–650 CE). Dental diseases (caries, antemortem tooth loss, and abscesses) were assessed by both the number of individuals and the number of elements observed, while childhood stress markers included observation of growth disruptions (enamel hypoplasia and adult femur length/stature) and cranial porosities. Statistical analysis included chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests for categorical data and ANOVA and t‐tests for metric data.ResultsThere are significant differences between the sites and sexes in frequencies of dental diseases in the adult samples. There are low frequencies of childhood stress markers overall and the femur length data show no significant differences across sites, but significant sexual dimorphism within each site. Females have reduced stature compared to contemporary Tibetan samples residing at a similar elevation.ConclusionsVariations in dental disease frequencies between the sites may be due to local variations in microenvironment, cultural, and/or temporal differences in resource availability, food consumption and preparation, as well as the age structure of the samples. The low frequencies of markers for nonspecific stress may be indicative of the ability of these ancient Himalayan groups to successfully meet the challenges posed by the extreme conditions of high altitude living through biocultural adaptations.
Maleic anhydride grafted linear low‐density polyethylene/waste paper powder composites with superior mechanical behavior
Authors: Saini Arun , Yadav Chandravati , Bera Madhab , Gupta Pragya , Maji Pradip K. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe present work aims to study the perspectives of an efficient utilization of waste products as fillers for the thermoplastic polymer. Maleic anhydride grafted linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE‐g‐MA), without any compatibilizers, has been used as polymer matrix to prepare composites with different contents (0–50 phr) of waste paper powder (WPP). Mechanical properties assessment has shown up to 88% improvement in tensile strength and a huge increment of 409% in Young's modulus for the composites prepared at 30 phr WPP. The reinforcement effect of WPP in the polymer matrix was also assessed by Guth‐Gold and modified Guth‐Gold equations. Microstructural analysis of the fractured surfaces revealed good interfacial adhesion with fewer voids and fiber pull out up to 30 phr WPP loading. Interfacial interaction between maleic anhydride group of LLDPE‐g‐MA and OH groups present dominantly in the cellulosic component of WPP was established through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal properties of prepared composites were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45167.
Adsorption and Desorption of Single‐Stranded DNA from Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Shearer Cameron J. , Yu LePing , Fenati Renzo , Sibley Alexander J. , Quinton Jamie S. , Gibson Christopher T. , Ellis Amanda V. , Andersson Gunther G. , Shapter Joseph G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe chemical affinity of single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) to adsorb to the surface of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is used for SWCNT purification, separation and in bio‐devices. Despite the popularity of research on SWCNT‐ssDNA conjugates, very little work has studied the removal of adsorbed ssDNA on SWCNTs. This paper reports a comprehensive study of biological, physical and chemical treatments for the removal of ssDNA from SWCNT‐ssDNA suspensions. These include enzymatic cleavage, heat treatment under vacuum up to 400 °C, chemical treatments with high or low pH, oxidizing conditions, and high‐ionic‐strength solvents. Complimentary characterization techniques including fluorescence from a DNA‐intercalating dye (YO‐PRO‐1) and photoelectron spectroscopy are used to exhaustively study and compare the methods investigated. Enzyme treatment is found to remove the phosphate backbone only, leaving nucleosides adsorbed to SWCNTs. Heating in inert atmosphere is ineffective at removing ssDNA. Acid, base and oxidative treatment are found to be effective for the removal of ssDNA from SWCNTs. Where possible the mechanism of desorption is described and from the findings suggestions for “best practices” are provided.
Long-term follow-up of fenestrated endovascular repair for juxtarenal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Roy I N , Millen A M , Jones S M , Vallabhaneni S R , Scurr J R H , McWilliams R G , Brennan J A , Fisher R K 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Background
Fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR) is increasingly being used for juxtarenal aortic aneurysms. The aim of this study was to review long-term results and assess the importance of changing stent-graft design on outcomes.

Methods
This was a retrospective review of all patients who underwent FEVAR within a single unit over 12 years (February 2003 to December 2015). Kaplan–Meier analysis of survival, and freedom from target vessel loss, aneurysm expansion, graft-related endoleak and secondary intervention was performed. Comparison between outcomes of less complex grafts (fewer than 3 fenestrations) and more complex grafts (3 or 4 fenestrations) was undertaken.

Results
Some 173 patients underwent FEVAR; median age was 76 (i.q.r. 70–79) years and 90·2 per cent were men. Median aneurysm diameter was 63 (59–71) mm and median follow-up was 34 (16–50) months. The adjusted primary technical operative success rate was 95·4 per cent. The in-hospital mortality rate was 5·2 per cent; there was no known aneurysm-related death during follow-up. Median survival was 7·1 (95 per cent c.i. 5·2 to 8·1) years and overall survival was 60·1 per cent (104 of 173). There was a trend towards an increasing number of fenestrations in the graft design over time. In-hospital mortality appeared higher when more complex stent-grafts were used (8 versus 2 per cent for stent-grafts with 3–4 versus fewer than 3 fenestrations; P = 0·059). Graft-related endoleaks were more common following deployment of stent-grafts with three or four fenestrations (12 of 90 versus 6 of 83; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair for juxtarenal aneurysm is associated with few aneurysm-related deaths in the long term. Significant numbers of secondary interventions are required, but the majority of these can be performed using an endovascular approach.
Presence of bone marrow micro‐metastases in stage I‐III colon cancer patients is associated with worse disease‐free and overall survival
Authors: Viehl Carsten T. , Weixler Benjamin , Guller Ulrich , Dell‐Kuster Salome , Rosenthal Rachel , Ramser Michaela , Banz Vanessa , Langer Igor , Terracciano Luigi , Sauter Guido , Oertli Daniel , Zuber Markus 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe prognostic significance of bone marrow micro‐metastases (BMM) in colon cancer patients remains unclear. We conducted a prospective cohort study with long‐term follow‐up to evaluate the relevance of BMM as a prognostic factor for disease free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in stage I‐III colon cancer patients. In this prospective multicenter cohort study 144 stage I‐III colon cancer patients underwent bone marrow aspiration from both iliac crests prior to open oncologic resection. The bone marrow aspirates were stained with the pancytokeratin antibody A45‐B/B3 and analyzed for the presence of epithelial tumor cells. DFS and OS were analyzed using a Cox proportional hazard model and robust standard errors to account for clustering in the multicenter setting. Median overall follow‐up was 6.2 years with no losses to follow‐up, and 7.3 years in patients who survived. BMM were found in 55 (38%) patients. In total, 30 (21%) patients had disease recurrence and 56 (39%) patients died. After adjusting for known prognostic factors, BMM positive patients had a significantly worse DFS (hazard ratio [HR] 1.33; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.02‐1.73; P = 0.037) and OS (HR 1.30; 95% CI: 1.09‐1.55; P = 0.003) compared to BMM negative patients. Bone marrow micro‐metastases occur in over one third of stage I‐III colon cancer patients and are a significant, independent negative prognostic factor for DFS and OS. Future trials should evaluate whether node‐negative colon cancer patients with BMM benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Coincidence of follicular lymphoma and hurtle cell thyroid carcinoma in a patient at presentation: which one is the source of bone metastasis? Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ozkan Hasan Atilla , Akoluk Arda , Ozler Turhan , Ekici Isin Dogan , Selcuk Nalan Alan 
Published: April 2017

Key Clinical MessageThyroid incidentaloma is defined as a new identified thyroid lesion occasionally detected during imaging studies. Incidence of thyroid incidentalomas is relatively rare in patients with lymphoma. Because of high rate of malignancy, these lesions with high intensity focal 18FDG uptake detected on positron emission tomography with computed tomography (PET/CT) should undergo to biopsy regardless of size.
Polymer Encapsulated Cobalt‐Based Catalysts (Co EnCatTM) for Selective Continuous Hydrogenation of 1‐Iodo‐4‐nitrobenzene
Authors: Alex Hannes , Loos Patrick , Baramov Todor , Barry John , Godiawala Tanmay , Hassfeld Jorma , Steinfeldt Norbert 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNew cobalt catalysts confined in an EnCatTM polyurea matrix by micro‐encapsulation of Al5Co2 or Al5Co2/Al3Ni2 phase containing alloys are disclosed for the reductive hydrogenation of 1‐iodo‐4‐nitrobenzene 1. The product 4‐iodo‐aniline 2 readily undergoes hydro‐desiodination and was used to demonstrate the extraordinary selectivity. Co EnCatTM significantly suppressed this follow‐up reaction under both batch and flow modes. The correlation between performance, elemental composition, and alloy content is presented for these novel catalysts. Among them, the hybrid micro‐encapsulated Co‐Ni catalyst showed higher activity than its Ni‐free analogue. In the flow process, this catalyst gave a high yield of 2 and very low level of 3. Hence, these novel Co EnCatTM catalysts hold promise with respect to the continuous‐flow hydrogenation of challenging halogenated nitroaromatic compounds.
Heterotetracenes: Flexible Synthesis and in Silico Assessment of the Hole‐Transport Properties
Authors: Li Yifan , Gryn'ova Ganna , Saenz Felipe , Jeanbourquin Xavier , Sivula Kevin , Corminboeuf Clémence , Waser Jérôme 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThienoacenes and furoacenes are among the most frequent molecular units found in organic materials. The efficient synthesis of morphologically different heteroacenes and the rapid determination of their solid‐state and electronic properties are still challenging tasks, which slow down progress in the development of new materials. Here, we report a flexible and efficient synthesis of unprecedented heterotetracenes based on a platinum‐ and gold‐catalyzed cyclization–alkynylation domino process using EthynylBenziodoXole (EBX) hypervalent iodine reagents in the key step. The proof‐of‐principle in silico estimation of the synthesized tetracenes’ charge transport properties reveals their strong dependence on both the position and nature of the heteroatoms in the ring system. A broad range of mobility is predicted, with some compounds displaying performance potentially comparable to that of state‐of‐the‐art electronic organic materials.
Estimating treatment effects in observational studies with both prevalent and incident cohorts
Authors: Ning Jing , Hong Chuan , Li Liang , Huang Xuelin , Shen Yu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRegistry databases are increasingly being used for comparative effectiveness research in cancer. Such databases reflect the real‐world patient population and physician practice, and thus are natural sources for comparing multiple treatment scenarios and the associated long‐term clinical outcomes. Registry databases usually include both incident and prevalent cohorts, which provide valuable complementary information for patients with more recent diagnoses in the incident cohort as well as patients with long‐term follow‐up data in the prevalent cohort. However, utilizing such data to derive valid inference poses two major challenges: the data from a prevalent cohort are not random samples of the target population, and there may be substantial differences in the baseline characteristics of patients between treatment arms, which influences the decisions about treatment selection in both cohorts. In this article we extend propensity score methodology to observational studies that involve both prevalent and incident cohorts, and assess the effectiveness of radiation therapy (RT) in SEER‐Medicare patients diagnosed with stage IV breast cancer. Specifically we utilize the incident cohort to estimate the propensity for receiving RT, and then combine data from both the incident and prevalent cohorts to estimate the effect of RT by adjusting for the propensity scores in the model. We evaluate the proposed method with simulations. We demonstrate that the proposed propensity score method simultaneously removes sampling bias and selection bias under several assumptions. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 45: 202–219; 2017 © 2017 Statistical Society of Canada
Dihydropyrene as an Aromaticity Probe for Partially Quinoid Push–Pull Systems
Authors: Garmshausen Yves , Klaue Kristin , Hecht Stefan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlthough aromaticity is a key concept in chemistry that is frequently used to explain the structure and reactivity of organic compounds, it remains challenging to actually measure this property. Proper probes allow for an experimental quantification of aromaticity using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and in this study 15,16‐dimethyl‐15,16‐dihydropyrene (DHP) is demonstrated to be particularly well suited for this purpose. DHP has two internal methyl groups, which are positioned within the π cloud of this bridged, planar, and rigid [14]annulene, and are therefore shifted to higher field in proton NMR spectra owing to ring‐current effects. A specific DHP derivative bearing strongly electron‐donating dimethylamino and strongly electron‐accepting nitro groups in a relative pseudo‐para orientation has been synthesized and characterized with respect to its quinoid character. Solvatochromism as well as a reduced ring current show that the partial quinoid character in this push–pull DHP derivative is about 12 %. This study extends the scope of DHP as an aromaticity probe and aids in the better understanding of the phenomenon of aromaticity.