bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of the hedonic threshold methodology in determining the compromised acceptance threshold
Authors: Lima Filho Tarcísio , Della Lucia Suzana Maria , Minim Luis Antônio , Silva Rita de Cássia dos Santos Navarro da , Silva Alexandre Navarro da , Minim Valéria Paula Rodrigues 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe compromised acceptance threshold (CAT) indicates the intensity of a stimulus from which product acceptance is significantly altered. This new affective threshold is determined by hedonic threshold methodology (HTM). The levels of analytical performance associated with precision (repeatability, intermediate precision, and reproducibility), accuracy, and robustness of CAT results were investigated. The methodology met the pre‐established criteria, being accurate in assessments carried out consecutively (repeatability), in tests separated by a certain period of time as well as with different consumer panels (intermediate precision), and in tests carried out in different facilities (reproducibility). The methodology presented suitable accuracy, though slightly conservative, which may be desirable. The methodology was also shown to be robust as it allowed the reduction of panel members from 150 to 70 consumers. In this context, the methodology—which presented reliable results as well as high precision, accuracy, and robustness—was validated.Practical applicationsThe need for showing the quality of sensory measurements is being increasingly recognized and required for the acceptance of new methodologies within the scientific community, given that unreliable analytical data may lead to dreadful decisions as well as long‐lasting financial losses. Results from the present work show that the data obtained through the hedonic threshold methodology/compromised acceptance threshold methodology met all criteria of the evaluated analytical indexes. Thus, one may conclude that this methodology has suitable precision (repeatability, intermediate precision, and reproducibility), accuracy, and robustness (by reducing consumer panel size) levels and is efficient in providing reliable results. Hence, this method can be applied for the intended purpose.
A retrospective case comparison study of the relationship between an Integrated Care Pathway for people diagnosed with schizophrenia in acute mental health care and service users’ length of stay, readmission rates and follow‐up within 7 days of discharge
Authors: Attfield J. , Brown S. , Carter T. , Callaghan P. 
Published: March 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

There is some evidence reporting the value of diagnostic‐driven Integrated Care Pathways (ICPs) in reducing service users’ length of inpatient stay, readmission rates and follow‐up within seven days of discharge, but this evidence is untested in studies comparing care using ICP with other forms of care planning.

What this study adds to existing knowledge?

This study present findings from research comparing care in a Trust that uses an ICP with a Trust using another form of care planning to direct the care of people diagnosed with schizophrenia. We were interested particularly in whether using an ICP was linked to length of inpatient stay, readmission rates and follow‐up care within seven days of discharge.

The results compare ICP driven care with another form of care.

This study adds to the international evidence by being among the first to compare empirically, outcomes in a mental health Trust using an ICP with a Trust not using an ICP to direct care.

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health nurses are central to the delivery of the psychosocial aspects of ICPs in particular and judging by the link between psychosocial interventions and quality of mental health care, it is possible that nurse‐led psychosocial interventions contributed to the reduced length of stay.

AbstractBackgroundIntegrated Care Pathways (ICPs) are used to deliver mental health services, yet evidence relating to outcomes is mixed.AimTo compare service users’ length of stay, readmission rates and follow‐up within 7 days of discharge in a mental health Trust using an ICP to direct the care of people diagnosed with schizophrenia with a Trust using a nonICP method of care planning in England.Method:A cohort study with a random sample of 400 service users with outcomes analysed retrospectively.ResultsThe ICP Trust had a 13.5 day shorter average length of stay, this difference was statistically significant. No statistically significant differences were observed in rates of readmission or follow‐up within 7 days of discharge.Discussion and implicationsMental health nurses are central to the delivery of the psychosocial aspects of ICPs in particular and judging by the link between psychosocial interventions and quality of mental health care, it is possible that nurse‐led psychosocial interventions contributed to the reduced length of stay.
Evolution of the Chlorophyta: Insights from chloroplast phylogenomic analyses
Authors: Fang Ling , Leliaert Frederik , Zhang Zhen‐Hua , Penny David , Zhong Bo‐Jian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGreen plants comprise two main clades: the Streptophyta, which include charophyte green algae and the embryophytic land plants, and the Chlorophyta including a wide diversity of marine, freshwater, and terrestrial green algae. Establishing a robust phylogeny is important to provide an evolutionary framework for comparative and functional studies. During the last two decades our understanding of the evolution of green algae has profoundly changed, first by phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal sequence data (mainly 18S), and more recently by analyses of multi‐gene and chloroplast genomic data. The phylogenetic relationships among the main streptophytan lineages have been extensively studied and are now relatively well resolved. Although a lot of progress has been made in the last few years, the phylogenetic relationships in the Chlorophyta are still less well established. Here we review how chloroplast genomic data have contributed to address relationships among the main chlorophytan lineages. We highlight recent progress and conflicts among different studies, and discuss future directions in chloroplast phylogenomics of green algae.
Associations Between Anesthetic Variables and Functional Outcome in Dogs With Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Extrusion Undergoing Decompressive Hemilaminectomy
Authors: Fenn J. , Laber E. , Williams K. , Rousse C.A. , Early P.J. , Mariani C.L. , Muñana K.R. , De Decker S. , Volk H.A. , Olby N.J. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundOutcome of acute experimental spinal cord injury is strongly associated with tissue perfusion and oxygenation. Cardiopulmonary depression could affect outcome in dogs undergoing general anesthesia for surgical treatment of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion (IVDE).Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo evaluate the effects of general anesthesia on functional outcome in dogs undergoing surgery to treat thoracolumbar IVDE.AnimalsEighty‐four client‐owned dogs with acute thoracolumbar IVDE treated by decompressive hemilaminectomy.MethodsExploratory, retrospective observational study. Medical records were reviewed for clinical presentation and anesthetic monitoring variables, including duration of anesthesia and surgery, hypotension, bradycardia, temperature, and respiratory parameters. Multivariable regression tree analysis was performed to explore associations between anesthetic variables and functional outcome scores after 6 weeks, as well as return to ambulatory status.ResultsEpisodes of bradycardia (69%) and hypotension (57%) were frequent. Across all outcome measures, regression tree analysis highlighted functional grade at presentation as the primary determining factor, and among pain perception negative dogs, there was a possible association between increased duration of surgery and poorer outcome. In dogs with intact pain perception, duration of bradycardia, mean body temperature, and mean end‐tidal carbon dioxide were highlighted.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceExploratory statistical methods can facilitate hypothesis‐generating studies to inform prospective investigations in veterinary medicine. Although the mechanism is uncertain, increased duration of surgery might be associated with poorer outcome in pain perception negative dogs with thoracolumbar IVDE.
Hepatic and Plasma Endothelin‐1 in Dogs with Chronic Hepatitis
Authors: Sakamoto Y. , Sakai M. , Watari T. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundEndothelin (ET)‐1 is a 21‐amino‐acid peptide with potent vasoactive properties, which increases intrahepatic resistance in patients with chronic hepatitis (CH) or cirrhosis. ET‐1 concentrations have not been investigated in dogs with CH.Hypothesis/ObjectivesThis study compared hepatic and plasma ET‐1 levels in healthy dogs and in dogs with CH, and examined the relationship between the plasma ET‐1 level and portal vein pressure in dogs with CH.AnimalsFourteen healthy dogs and twenty dogs with CH were used in this study.MethodsProspective case‐control study. Hepatic ET‐1 mRNA expression was determined by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and hepatic and plasma ET‐1 levels were assessed using ELISA. Splenic pulp pressure (SPP), as an indicator of portal vein pressure, was measured laparoscopically.ResultsHepatic ET‐1 mRNA levels were 3.7 times higher in dogs with CH than in healthy dogs (P = .008). The median hepatic and plasma ET‐1 protein levels were significantly higher in dogs with CH than in healthy dogs (13.20 pg/mg wet liver vs. 3.42 pg/mg wet liver, P = .004, and 0.99 pg/mL vs. 0.71 pg/mL, P = .013, respectively). Moreover, there was a weak but significant correlation between plasma ET‐1 level and SPP in dogs with CH (P = .036; rs = 0.53).Conclusions and clinical importanceThe results indicate that ET‐1 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension caused by CH.
Effectiveness of maternal egg attendance in an exclusively cave‐dwelling harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones)
Authors: García‐Hernández S. , Machado G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEgg attendance is the most common and phylogenetically widespread form of post‐ovipositional care among ectotherms. The main benefit of egg attendance is to enhance offspring survival by preventing or attenuating attacks from natural enemies. In arachnids, there are few experimental studies on the benefits of egg attendance, and they pertain to species living in few types of habitats, mainly forests. To understand how the benefits of egg attendance vary in large geographical scales, we need to include species from poorly explored habitats, such as caves. Here, we describe a case of maternal egg attendance in an exclusive cave‐dwelling harvestman, Phalangodus briareos. Using a parent removal experiment, we also assessed the benefits of egg attendance. We found that egg attendance improves egg survival because unattended clutches were almost entirely consumed by conspecifics and crickets. When females were maintained on their clutches, egg survival was always high, regardless of female body size. There was a positive effect of clutch size on egg predation, which was higher during nighttime. We suggest that larger clutches emit more chemical cues, attracting more predators in the cave habitat. Finally, we argue that the benefits of egg protection should be higher inside caves when compared to external habitats because food is scarce inside caves and the fauna consists mainly of predators and detritivores.
Constitutional and functional genetics of human alcohol‐related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nahon Pierre , Nault Jean‐Charles 
Published: March 2017

AbstractExploration of the constitutional genetics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has identified numerous variants associated with a higher risk of liver cancer in alcoholic cirrhotic patients. Although Genome‐Wide Association studies have not been carried out in the field of alcohol‐related HCC, common single nucleotide polymorphisms conferring a small increase in the risk of liver cancer risk have been identified and shown to modulate ethanol metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, iron or lipid metabolism. Specific patterns of gene mutations including CTNNB1, TERT, ARID1A and SMARCA2 exist in alcohol‐related HCC. Moreover, a specific mutational process observed at the nucleotide level by next generation sequencing has revealed cooperation between alcohol and tobacco in the development of HCC. Combining this genetic information with epidemiological and clinical data that might define specific HCC risk classes and refine surveillance strategies needs to be assessed in large prospective cohorts of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.
Secondary‐volatiles linked metallic iron in eucrites: The dual‐origin metals of Camel Donga
Authors: Warren Paul H. , Isa Junko , Ebihara Mitsuru , Yamaguchi Akira , Baecker Bastian 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe unique occurrence of abundant (~1 vol%) near‐pure‐Fe metal in the Camel Donga eucrite is more complicated than previously believed. In addition to that component of groundmass metal, scattered within the meteorite are discrete nodules of much higher kamacite abundance. We have studied the petrology and composition of two of these nodules in the form of samples we call CD2 and CD3. The nodules are ovoids 11 (CD2) to 15 (CD3) mm across, with metal, or inferred preweathering metal, abundances of 12–17 vol% (CD2 is unfortunately quite weathered). The CD3 nodule also includes at its center a 5 mm ovoid clumping (6 vol%) of F‐apatite. Both nodules are fine‐grained, so the high Fe metal and apatite contents are clearly not flukes of inadequate sampling. The metals within the nodules are distinctly Ni‐rich (0.3–0.6 wt%) compared to the pure‐Fe (Ni generally 0.01 wt%) groundmass metals. Bulk analyses of three pieces of the CD2 nodule show that trace siderophile elements Ir, Os, and Co are commensurately enriched; Au is enriched to a lesser degree. The siderophile evidence shows the nodules did not form by in situ reduction of pyroxene FeO. Moreover, the nodules do not show features such as silica‐phase enrichment or pyroxene with reduced FeO (as constrained by FeO/MgO and especially FeO/MnO) predicted by the in situ reduction model. The oxide minerals, even in groundmass samples well away from the nodules, also show little evidence of reduction. Although the nodule boundaries are generally sharp, groundmass‐metal Ni content is anti‐correlated with distance from the CD3 nodule. We infer that the nodules represent materials that originated within impactors into the Camel Donga portion of the eucrite crust, but probably were profoundly altered during later metamorphism/metasomatism. Origin of the pure‐Fe groundmass metal remains enigmatic. In situ reduction probably played an important role, and association in the same meteorite of the Fe‐nodules is probably significant. But the fluid during alteration was probably not (as previously modeled) purely S and O, of simple heat‐driven internal derivation. We conjecture a two‐stage metasomatism, as fluids passed through Camel Donga after impact heating of volatile‐rich chondritic masses (survivors of gentle accretionary impacts) within the nearby crust. First, reduction to form troilite may have been triggered by fluids rich in S2 and CO (derived from the protonodules?), and then in a distinct later stage, fluids were (comparatively) H2O‐rich, and thus reacted with troilite to form pure‐Fe metal along with H2S and SO2. The early eucrite crust was in places a dynamic fluid‐bearing environment that hosted complex chemical processes, including some that engendered significant diversity among metal+sulfide alterations.
Cellular cross talk, inflammatory signals, and enhanced microvascular permeability
Authors: Breslin Jerome W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMicrovascular leakage remains a significant clinical problem for which there is no specific therapeutic available. This Special Topics issue of the journal Microcirculation features reviews pertaining to the cellular and molecular mechanisms that control the integrity of the microvascular barrier. (Meegan et al., Microcirculation, 2017) summarize recent research findings about how neutrophil extracellular traps and how these can cause injury to the microvascular barrier.( Zhang et al. Microcirculation, 2017) highlight the microvascular response to advanced glycation end‐products that are formed as part of the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus. These ongoing investigations are helping to clarify the mechanisms by which endothelial cells receive information and integrate it to generate cellular responses that fine‐tune barrier function. Better understanding of these mechanisms is needed for the rational development of therapeutic strategies to reduce excessive microvascular leakage.
Role of the Sln1‐phosphorelay pathway in the response to hyperosmotic stress in the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis
Authors: Rodríguez‐González Miriam , Kawasaki Laura , Velázquez‐Zavala Nancy , Domínguez‐Martín Eunice , Trejo‐Medecigo Abraham , Martagón Natalia , Espinoza‐Simón Emilio , Vázquez‐Ibarra Araceli , Ongay‐Larios Laura , Georgellis Dimitris , de Nadal Eulàlia , Posas Francesc , Coria Roberto 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe Kluyveromyces lactis SLN1 phosphorelay system includes the osmosensor histidine kinase Sln1, the phosphotransfer protein Ypd1 and the response regulator Ssk1. Here we show that K. lactis has a functional phosphorelay system. In vitro assays, using a heterologous histidine kinase, show that the phosphate group is accepted by KlYpd1 and transferred to KlSsk1. Upon hyperosmotic stress the phosphorelay is inactivated, KlYpd1 is dephosphorylated in a KlSln1 dependent manner, and only the version of KlSsk1 that lacks the phosphate group interacts with the MAPKKK KlSsk2. Interestingly, inactivation of the KlPtp2 phosphatase in a ΔKlsln1 mutant did not lead to KlHog1 constitutive phosphorylation. KlHog1 can replace ScHog1p and activate the hyperosmotic response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and when ScSln1 is inactivated, KlHog1 becomes phosphorylated and induces cell lethality. All these observations indicate that the phosphorelay negatively regulates KlHog1. Nevertheless, in the absence of KlSln1 or KlYpd1, no constitutive phosphorylation is detected and cells are viable, suggesting that a strong negative feedback that is independent of KlPtp2 operates in K. lactis. Compared with S. cerevisiae, K. lactis has only a moderate accumulation of glycerol and fails to produce trehalose under hyperosmotic stress, indicating that regulation of osmolyte production is different in K. lactis.
Rome III functional dyspepsia symptoms classification: Severity vs frequency
Authors: Carbone F. , Holvoet L. , Vanuytsel T. , Tack J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe Rome III criteria subdivide functional dyspepsia (FD) in the epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and the postprandial distress syndrome (PDS) based on the frequency of the symptoms to optimize the diagnostic and therapeutic approach. However, it is unclear to which extent the frequency of the symptoms is related to their severity. Our aim was to explore the frequency and severity of dyspeptic symptoms and their relationship in FD patients.MethodsFunctional dyspepsia patients fulfilling the Rome III diagnostic completed a questionnaire that evaluated the frequency and severity of FD symptoms. The concordance between the severity and frequency categories was analyzed by means of spearman correlation and the concordance correlation coefficient (ρc).Key ResultsIn the entire patient cohort (n=421), the classification of symptoms severity and frequency showed good concordance for all symptoms. In the EPS subgroup (n=….), the symptom severity and frequency score of epigastric pain showed a poor correlation (r=.28; ρc=0.07). The PDS subgroup (n=…) showed a good correlation for most of the symptoms. Due to its limited occurrence in this group, the correlation of the severity and frequency scores for epigastric pain is of little relevance (r=.79; ρc=0.58). The overlap EPS‐PDS group showed good correlation for most of the symptoms, except for epigastric pain (pain r=.24; ρc=0.09).Conclusions & InferencesWe conclude that the information given by the assessment of frequency and severity of PDS symptoms is comparable and hence one of the scores sufficiently identifies symptom pattern in PDS patients. In EPS patients, both the symptom frequency and severity should be taken into account as two separate entities.
Building a better foundation: improving root‐trait measurements to understand and model plant and ecosystem processes
Authors: McCormack M. Luke , Guo Dali , Iversen Colleen M. , Chen Weile , Eissenstat David M. , Fernandez Christopher W. , Li Le , Ma Chengen , Ma Zeqing , Poorter Hendrik , Reich Peter B. , Zadworny Marcin , Zanne Amy 
Published: March 2017

SummaryTrait‐based approaches provide a useful framework to investigate plant strategies for resource acquisition, growth, and competition, as well as plant impacts on ecosystem processes. Despite significant progress capturing trait variation within and among stems and leaves, identification of trait syndromes within fine‐root systems and between fine roots and other plant organs is limited. Here we discuss three underappreciated areas where focused measurements of fine‐root traits can make significant contributions to ecosystem science. These include assessment of spatiotemporal variation in fine‐root traits, integration of mycorrhizal fungi into fine‐root‐trait frameworks, and the need for improved scaling of traits measured on individual roots to ecosystem‐level processes. Progress in each of these areas is providing opportunities to revisit how below‐ground processes are represented in terrestrial biosphere models. Targeted measurements of fine‐root traits with clear linkages to ecosystem processes and plant responses to environmental change are strongly needed to reduce empirical and model uncertainties. Further identifying how and when suites of root and whole‐plant traits are coordinated or decoupled will ultimately provide a powerful tool for modeling plant form and function at local and global scales.
Both maternally and paternally imprinted genes regulate seed development in rice
Authors: Yuan Jingya , Chen Sushu , Jiao Wu , Wang Longfei , Wang Limei , Ye Wenxue , Lu Jie , Hong Delin , You Siliang , Cheng Zhukuan , Yang Dong‐Lei , Chen Z. Jeffrey 
Published: March 2017

Summary

Genetic imprinting refers to the unequal expression of paternal and maternal alleles of a gene in sexually reproducing organisms, including mammals and flowering plants. Although many imprinted genes have been identified in plants, the functions of these imprinted genes have remained largely uninvestigated.

We report genome‐wide analysis of gene expression, DNA methylation and small RNAs in the rice endosperm and functional tests of five imprinted genes during seed development using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/CRISPR‐associated gene9 (CRISPR/Cas9) gene editing technology.

In the rice endosperm, we identified 162 maternally expressed genes (MEGs) and 95 paternally expressed genes (PEGs), which were associated with miniature inverted‐repeat transposable elements, imprinted differentially methylated loci and some 21–22 small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Remarkably, one‐third of MEGs and nearly one‐half of PEGs were associated with grain yield quantitative trait loci. Most MEGs and some PEGs were expressed specifically in the endosperm. Disruption of two MEGs increased the amount of small starch granules and reduced grain and embryo size, whereas mutation of three PEGs reduced starch content and seed fertility.

Our data indicate that both MEGs and PEGs in rice regulate nutrient metabolism and endosperm development, which optimize seed development and offspring fitness to facilitate parental–offspring coadaptation. These imprinted genes and mechanisms could be used to improve the grain yield of rice and other cereal crops.