bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macromolecular Traits in the African Rice Oryza glaberrima and in Glaberrima/Sativa Crosses, and Their Relevance to Processing
Authors: Marengo Mauro , Barbiroli Alberto , Bonomi Francesco , Casiraghi Maria Cristina , Marti Alessandra , Pagani Maria Ambrogina , Manful John , Graham‐Acquaah Seth , Ragg Enzio , Fessas Dimitrios , Hogenboom Johannes A. , Iametti Stefania 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMolecular properties of proteins and starch were investigated in 2 accessions of Oryza glaberrima and Oryza sativa, and in one NERICA cross between the 2 species, to assess traits that could be relevant to transformation into specific foods. Protein nature and organization in O. glaberrima were different from those in O. sativa and in NERICA. Despite the similar cysteine content in all samples, thiol accessibility in O. glaberrima proteins was higher than in NERICA or in O. sativa. Inter‐protein disulphide bonds were important for the formation of protein aggregates in O. glaberrima, whereas non‐covalent protein‐protein interactions were relevant in NERICA and O. sativa. DSC and NMR studies indicated only minor differences in the structure of starch in these species, as also made evident by their microstructural features. Nevertheless, starch gelatinization in O. glaberrima was very different from what was observed in O. sativa and NERICA. The content of soluble species in gelatinized starch from the various species in the presence/absence of treatments with specific enzymes indicated that release of small starch breakdown products was lowest in O. glaberrima, in particular from the amylopectin component. These findings may explain the low glycemic index of O. glaberrima, and provide a rationale for extending the use of O. glaberrima in the production of specific rice‐based products, thus improving the economic value and the market appeal of African crops.Practical ApplicationThe structural features of proteins and starch in O. glaberrima are very different from those in O. sativa and in the NERICA cross. These results appear useful as for extending the use of O. glaberrima cultivars in the design and production of specific rice‐based products (for example, pasta), that might, in turn, improve the economic value and the market appeal of locally sourced raw materials, by introducing added‐value products on the African market.
Rise of PD‐L1 expression during metastasis of colorectal cancer: Implications for immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Huan Bin , Yao Han , Li Chu Shu , Liang Lun Xi , Zhang Yao , Chen Ying Xuan , Fang Jing‐Yuan , Xu Jie 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVEProgrammed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) was implicated in predicting anti‐PD‐1/PD‐L1 therapy efficacy. However, therapeutic response has also been found in patients without PD‐L1 expression in the primary tumor. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the prevalence of PD‐L1 in primary and metastatic CRC.METHODSThe expression of PD‐L1 was determined by immunohistochemistry in matched primary and metastatic CRC.RESULTSPD‐L1 expression was significantly more prevalent in metastatic CRCs than in primary tumors, and the expression of PD‐L1 in primary CRC may not represent the tumors that spread to distant organs. Positive expression of PD‐L1 was found in 81.8% of metastatic CRC, being significantly more prevalent than in primary CRC (40.9%; P = 0.012, Fisher’s exact test). While comparing the primary and metastatic lesions of the same patients, we found that PD‐L1 expression frequently increased during the metastatic process. However, PD‐L1 expression was rarely decreased in metastatic lesions. Intratumoral heterogeneity expression of PD‐L1 was found in both metastatic CRC (22.2%) and primary CRCs (33.3%). PD‐L1 was prevalently expressed in metastatic CRC, and increased PD‐L1 expression was frequently found in metastatic CRC as compared to primary tumors.CONCLUSIONPD‐L1 expression in metastatic CRC should be considered as an independent factor while evaluating the suitability of patients for immunotherapy.
Prevalence and risk of metabolic syndrome in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Sun Chong , Qin Wen , Zhang Yu‐Hui , Wu Yan , Li Qian , Liu Mei , He Chun‐Di 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposeTo conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis assessing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the association between SLE and MetS.MethodA database search of PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Weipu database and Wanfang database updated until March 2017 was conducted. The pooled prevalence, the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Publication bias was assessed with Egger's test method.ResultsIn the study of the prevalence of MetS in patients with SLE, 47 studies containing 8367 subjects were included. These studies were published from 2006 to 2016. The pooled prevalence of MetS in patients with SLE was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.23–0.29). In the study of the relationship between SLE and MetS, 24 studies involving 2744 cases and 3028 controls were included. Comparing to control, the SLE patients had high risk of MetS (OR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.54–2.30, P = 0.000).ConclusionThe systematic review and meta‐analysis demonstrated the prevalence of MetS in patients with SLE was 26% and the patients with SLE were more prone to having MetS than the control population. The analysis was a basic summary of all relevant researches and provided valuable evidence for prevention and treatment.
Prosthodontic management of maxillofacial cases: a case series
Authors: Dudley J , Mughal F , Hotinski E , Mahmud M 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMaxillofacial prosthetics is an important and recognized sub‐discipline of prosthodontics that forms a key component of postgraduate training programmes. General dentists have a role to play in the management of maxillofacial defect patients even though treatment usually requires a multidisciplinary approach in an institutional environment. Maxillofacial prosthetic cases frequently present with complex histories but simple patient goals. The conservatively managed implant‐retained auricular prosthesis, speech aid prosthesis and orbital prosthesis cases described in this report were completed in a postgraduate clinical residency program and highlight the intrinsic complexities, challenges and ultimately satisfaction related to cases of this nature.
Towards good dementia care: Awareness and uptake of an online Dementia Pathways tool for rural and regional primary health practitioners
Authors: Ollerenshaw Alison , Wong Shee Anna , Yates Mark 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the awareness and usage of an online dementia pathways tool (including decision tree and region‐specific dementia services) for primary health practitioners (GPs and nurses) in regional Victoria.DesignQuantitative pilot study using surveys and Google Analytics.SettingA large regional area (48 000 square kilometres, population 220 000) in Victoria.ParticipantsTwo hundred and sixty‐three GPs and 160 practice nurses were invited to participate, with 42 respondents (GPs, n = 21; practice nurses, n = 21).Main outcome measuresPrimary care practitioners’ awareness and usage of the dementia pathways tool.ResultsSurvey respondents that had used the tool (n = 14) reported accessing information about diagnosis, management and referral. Practitioners reported improvements in knowledge, skills and confidence about core dementia topics. There were 9683 page views between August 2013 and February 2015 (monthly average: 509 page views). The average time spent on page was 2.03 min, with many visitors (68%) spending more than 4 min at the site. This research demonstrates that the tool has been well received by practitioners and has been consistently used since its launch. Health practitioners’ valued the content and the availability of local resources.ConclusionPrimary health practitioners reported that the dementia pathways tool provided access to region‐specific referral and management resources for all stages of dementia. Such tools have broad transferability in other health areas with further research needed to determine their contribution to learning in the practice setting and over time.
When doctors deny drugs: Sexism and contraception access in the medical field
Authors: Delston J. B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPoliticians, employers, courts, and health insurance companies are often discussed as problematically preventing access to birth control. However, doctors have more direct control over women's health and quietly have been much more effective at preventing patients' access to contraception. Obstetrician/Gynecologists routinely deny their patients access to contraception ostensibly in the name of health by withholding birth control until patients undergo yearly pap smears. I argue that those in the medical field are motivated by similarly sexist concerns as those in other major institutions in the United States, but that they are often overlooked in discussions of biomedical ethics. After providing background, I argue that using birth control as a bargaining chip to control patients is morally impermissible, is paternalistic, and is contrary to consent. I next argue that sexism explains, though does not justify, this practice. I discuss the medical harms of routine pap smears and withholding birth control. These claims make medical malpractice likely. Withholding birth control to coerce individuals seeking medical care is medical malpractice, paternalistic, violates autonomy, and is contrary to consent.
The approximate number system and domain‐general abilities as predictors of math ability in children with normal hearing and hearing loss
Authors: Bull Rebecca , Marschark Marc , Nordmann Emily , Sapere Patricia , Skene Wendy A. 
Published: August 2017

Many children with hearing loss (CHL) show a delay in mathematical achievement compared to children with normal hearing (CNH). This study examined whether there are differences in acuity of the approximate number system (ANS) between CHL and CNH, and whether ANS acuity is related to math achievement. Working memory (WM), short‐term memory (STM), and inhibition were considered as mediators of any relationship between ANS acuity and math achievement. Seventy‐five CHL were compared with 75 age‐ and gender‐matched CNH. ANS acuity, mathematical reasoning, WM, and STM of CHL were significantly poorer compared to CNH. Group differences in math ability were no longer significant when ANS acuity, WM, or STM was controlled. For CNH, WM and STM fully mediated the relationship of ANS acuity to math ability; for CHL, WM and STM only partially mediated this relationship. ANS acuity, WM, and STM are significant contributors to hearing status differences in math achievement, and to individual differences within the group of CHL.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Children with hearing loss often perform poorly on measures of math achievement, although there have been few studies focusing on basic numerical cognition in these children.

In typically developing children, the approximate number system predicts math skills concurrently and longitudinally, although there have been some contradictory findings.

Recent studies suggest that domain‐general skills, such as inhibition, may account for the relationship found between the approximate number system and math achievement.

What does this study adds?

This is the first robust examination of the approximate number system in children with hearing loss, and the findings suggest poorer acuity of the approximate number system in these children compared to hearing children.

The study addresses recent issues regarding the contradictory findings of the relationship of the approximate number system to math ability by examining how this relationship varies across children with normal hearing and hearing loss, and by examining whether this relationship is mediated by domain‐general skills (working memory, short‐term memory, and inhibition).
BRITICE Glacial Map, version 2: a map and GIS database of glacial landforms of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet
Authors: Clark Chris D. , Ely Jeremy C. , Greenwood Sarah L. , Hughes Anna L. C. , Meehan Robert , Barr Iestyn D. , Bateman Mark D. , Bradwell Tom , Doole Jenny , Evans David J. A. , Jordan Colm J. , Monteys Xavier , Pellicer Xavier M. , Sheehy Michael 
Published: August 2017

During the last glaciation, most of the British Isles and the surrounding continental shelf were covered by the British–Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS). An earlier compilation from the existing literature (BRITICE version 1) assembled the relevant glacial geomorphological evidence into a freely available GIS geodatabase and map (Clark et al. 2004: Boreas 33, 359). New high‐resolution digital elevation models, of the land and seabed, have become available casting the glacial landform record of the British Isles in a new light and highlighting the shortcomings of the V.1 BRITICE compilation. Here we present a wholesale revision of the evidence, onshore and offshore, to produce BRITICE version 2, which now also includes Ireland. All published geomorphological evidence pertinent to the behaviour of the ice sheet is included, up to the census date of December 2015. The revised GIS database contains over 170 000 geospatially referenced and attributed elements – an eightfold increase in information from the previous version. The compiled data include: drumlins, ribbed moraine, crag‐and‐tails, mega‐scale glacial lineations, glacially streamlined bedrock (grooves, roches moutonnées, whalebacks), glacial erratics, eskers, meltwater channels (subglacial, lateral, proglacial and tunnel valleys), moraines, trimlines, cirques, trough‐mouth fans and evidence defining ice‐dammed lakes. The increased volume of features necessitates different map/database products with varying levels of data generalization, namely: (i) an unfiltered GIS database containing all mapping; (ii) a filtered GIS database, resolving data conflicts and with edits to improve geo‐locational accuracy (available as GIS data and PDF maps); and (iii) a cartographically generalized map to provide an overview of the distribution and types of features at the ice‐sheet scale that can be printed at A0 paper size at a 1:1 250 000 scale. All GIS data, the maps (as PDFs) and a bibliography of all published sources are available for download from: https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/geography/staff/clark_chris/britice.
Opioid and hypocretin neuromodulation of ventral tegmental area neuronal subpopulations
Authors: Thomas Taylor S , Baimel Corey , Borgland Stephanie L 
Published: August 2017

The current view of the midbrain dopaminergic system is evolving towards a complex system of subpopulations of neurons with distinct afferent and efferent connections and, importantly, functionally different intrinsic characteristics. Recent literature on the phenotypic diversity of dopaminergic neurons has outlined that in the ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurons are not as anatomically or electrophysiologically homogeneous as they were once thought to be. Instead, the midbrain dopaminergic system is now understood to be composed of anatomically and functionally heterogeneous dopaminergic subpopulations receiving specific afferent inputs and with different axonal projections. An additional layer of complexity is the neuromodulation of each of these dopaminergic circuits. This review will examine the distinguishing electrophysiological and neuromodulatory characteristics of the afferent and efferent connections of midbrain dopaminergic neurons.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc
Psychosocial Factors in Children's Obesity: Examples From An Innovative Line of Inquiry
Authors: Harrist Amanda W. , Topham Glade L. , Hubbs‐Tait Laura , Shriver Lenka H. , Swindle Taren M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn recent years, researchers and policymakers have recognized that obesity in childhood is not simply a medical problem, but is a complex social and psychological phenomenon. Our research team used an interpersonal and intrapersonal risk model to examine the psychosocial aspects of obesity among rural children. In this article, we describe how the global study of children's obesity has broadened over the last 10–15 years, and we present our model of interpersonal and intrapersonal risk factors, which includes complex pathways with many psychosocial variables. We then describe a large prospective longitudinal study of children in Grades 1 through 4, and highlight findings from five studies guided by this model. This work illustrates opportunities for developmental scientists and practitioners to join transdisciplinary teams to develop more effective prevention and intervention programs for children.
Anxious Solitude and Self‐Compassion and Self‐Criticism Trajectories in Early Adolescence: Attachment Security as a Moderator
Authors: Peter Divya , Gazelle Heidi 
Published: August 2017

Youths’ attachment representations with their parents were tested as moderators of the relation between peer‐reported anxious solitude and self‐compassion and self‐criticism trajectories from fifth to seventh grades. Participants were 213 youth, 57% girls, M = 10.65 years of age. Growth curves revealed that attachment representations with both parents moderated the relation between AS and self‐processes such that AS youth with (a) dual secure attachments demonstrated the most adaptive self‐processes, (b) one secure attachment demonstrated intermediately adaptive self‐processes, and (c) dual insecure attachments demonstrated the least adaptive self‐processes over time. AS youth with dual insecure attachments are of most concern because they demonstrated elevated and increasing self‐criticism over time, given evidence for relations between self‐criticism and internalizing psychopathology.
Calmodulin inhibitor ameliorates cognitive dysfunction via inhibiting nitrosative stress and NLRP3 signaling in mice with bilateral carotid artery stenosis
Authors: Wang Rui , Yin Yi‐Xuan , Mahmood Qaisar , Wang Xiao‐Juan , Gao Yin‐Ping , Gou Guo‐Jing , Ahmed Muhammad Masood , Kohji Fukunag , Du Yong‐Zhong , Han Feng 
Published: August 2017

SummaryAimsVascular dementia (VaD) is a heterogeneous brain disorder for which there are no effective approved pharmacological treatments available. We aimed to evaluate the effect of calmodulin inhibitor, DY‐9836, and its loaded nanodrug carrier system on cognitive impairment and gain a better understanding of the protective mechanisms in mice with bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS).ResultsDY‐9836 (0.5 or 1 mg/kg) or DY‐9836 (0.25 mg/kg)‐encapsulated polysialic acid‐octadecylamine (PSA‐ODA) micelles (PSA‐ODA/DY) were given to BCAS mice for 4 weeks. Administration of DY‐9836 or PSA‐ODA/DY reduced escape latency in space exploration and working memory test compared with vehicle group. Vehicle‐treated mice showed reduced phospho‐CaMKII (Thr286/287) levels in the hippocampus, whereas partially restored by DY‐9836 (1 mg/kg) or PSA‐ODA/DY (0.25 mg/kg) treatment. In accordance with the pharmacological profile of DY‐9836 observed during behavioral studies, experimental molecular and biochemical markers induced by BCAS, such as protein tyrosine nitration, Nod‐like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase‐1, and interleukin‐1β, were reduced by DY‐9836 and PSA‐ODA/DY treatment.ConclusionsThese data disclose novel findings about the therapeutic potential of DY‐9836, and its encapsulated nanodrug delivery system significantly enhanced the cognitive function via inhibitory effect on nitrosative stress and NLRP3 signaling in VaD mice.
A nationwide registry‐based cohort study of incidence of tonsillectomy in Denmark, 1991‐2012
Authors: Juul Marie Louise , Rasmussen Eva Rye , Rasmussen Stig Hebbelstrup Rye , Sørensen Christian Hjort , Howitz Michael Frantz 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo update tonsillectomy incidence rates in Denmark and identify whether the incidence rates vary between geographical areas in the country during the period 1991‐2012.DesignThis was a retrospective nationwide cohort study using data from the comprehensive Danish patient registries. Data included surgical code, gender and date of birth, date and place of surgery.SettingHospitals and private oto‐, rhino‐, laryngology (ORL) offices.ParticipantsDanes who underwent tonsillectomy in the period 1991‐2012.Main outcome measureTonsillectomy.ResultsIn the 22‐year period, 177 211 tonsillectomies were conducted, and the overall incidence of tonsillectomy decreased significantly over time. The overall annual incidence of tonsillectomies decreased from 155.7 per 100 000 inhabitants in 1991 to 129.4 per 100 000 inhabitants in 2012. In 1991, 5.5% of tonsillectomies were performed in office settings, while in 2012, it had increased to 26.6% (P < .01). The highest incidence of tonsillectomy was found in children between 3 and 4 years of age (predominance of males, P < .01) and in 15‐ to 19‐year‐olds (predominance of females, P < .01). Each year, 0.44% of children underwent tonsillectomy, and by the age of 20, 7.7% of the Danish people has had a tonsillectomy. There were significant regional differences in the number of tonsillectomies.ConclusionThe incidence rate of tonsillectomies in Denmark decreased significantly in the study period, but with great regional variance.
Brivaracetam does not modulate ionotropic channels activated by glutamate, γ‐aminobutyric acid, and glycine in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Niespodziany Isabelle , Rigo Jean‐Michel , Moonen Gustave , Matagne Alain , Klitgaard Henrik , Wolff Christian 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBrivaracetam (BRV) is a selective, high‐affinity ligand for synaptic vesicle protein 2A (SV2A), recently approved as adjunctive treatment for drug‐refractory partial‐onset seizures in adults. BRV binds SV2A with higher affinity than levetiracetam (LEV), and was shown to have a differential interaction with SV2A. Because LEV was reported to interact with multiple excitatory and inhibitory ligand‐gated ion channels and that may impact its pharmacological profile, we were interested in determining whether BRV directly modulates inhibitory and excitatory ionotropic receptors in central neurons. Voltage‐clamp experiments were performed in primary cultures of mouse hippocampal neurons. At a supratherapeutic concentration of 100 μm, BRV was devoid of any direct effect on currents gated by γ‐aminobutyric acidergic type A, glycine, kainate, N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate, and α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid. Similarly to LEV, BRV reveals a potent ability to oppose the action of negative modulators on the inhibitory receptors. In conclusion, these results show that BRV contrasts with LEV by not displaying any direct action on inhibitory or excitatory postsynaptic ligand‐gated receptors at therapeutic concentrations and thereby support BRV's role as a selective SV2A ligand. These findings add further evidence to the validity of SV2A as a relevant antiepileptic drug target and emphasize the potential for exploring further presynaptic mechanisms as a novel approach to antiepileptic drug discovery.