bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a One-to-One Fatigue Management Course for People With Chronic Conditions and Fatigue
Authors: Van Heest Katy N. L. , Mogush Ashley R. , Mathiowetz Virgil G. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We assessed the impact of a one-to-one fatigue management course on participants’ fatigue, self-efficacy, quality of life, and energy conservation behaviors.
METHOD. This observational study used a one-group, pretest–posttest, follow-up design. Forty-nine people with chronic conditions and fatigue participated in the one-to-one fatigue management course in outpatient and community-based settings. The Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue Scale was used to measure fatigue; the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General measured quality of life; and the Self-Efficacy for Performing Energy Conservation Strategies Assessment was used to measure self-efficacy.
RESULTS. Participants showed significant reductions in fatigue and significant increases in self-efficacy and quality of life at posttest. These beneficial effects were maintained at follow-up. The Social Well-Being subscale was the only measure on which outcomes did not change significantly.
CONCLUSION. The one-to-one fatigue management course is a beneficial intervention for people with chronic conditions and fatigue.
Supporting Participation for Children With Sensory Processing Needs and Their Families: Community-Based Action Research
Authors: Silverman Fern , Tyszka Andrea Carr 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This qualitative study was part of efforts to develop and analyze specialized sensory-friendly, community-based programming at a local museum for families with children or young adults with sensory processing issues.
METHOD. A qualitative, descriptive framework was used, aimed at uncovering the experience of families in attendance. Using convenience sampling, 46 participants were recruited from six separate cohorts of parents across a 1.5-yr period, using a community-based action research approach.
RESULTS. Survey and interview data suggest that specialized programs with appropriate modifications in place improved the quality and the duration of museum visits for families with children or young adults with sensory processing needs, promoting both participation and well-being.
CONCLUSION. Adapted community events that increase participation in context may be a promising intervention to support well-being for people with disabilities and their families.
“Rich in Pathological Instances”: Disability in the Early Reception Theory of Edith Wharton'sEthan Frome
Authors: Geriguis Lina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article examines how and why Edith Wharton's representations of disability played a key role in shaping the early interpretive community's reactions to Ethan Frome. Several reviews converge to demonstrate that Wharton's preoccupation with atrophic bodies and minds provoked a disenchantment with Ethan Frome after its initial appearance in print in 1911. In the eyes of some reviewers, disability amounted to a controversial feature that made Ethan Frome seem unassimilable within the concept of an ideal novel and self. Contextualizing the novel within its immediate reviews reveals how it engages with the Progressive Era's take on the “proper sphere” of disabled people both on the literary and cultural landscapes. The strong responses—even objections—to disability in the 1911 reviews stirred noteworthy discussions about impairment and normalcy, signifying that Wharton's work not only provoked resistance toward manifestations of unresolved disabledness but also participated in the debates about the acceptability of cultural expressions of disability.
När Mellanösten blev "den muslimska världen"
Authors: Rabo Annika 
Published: May 2017

«Det är av yttersta vikt att vi i vår relation till den muslimska världen söker tillräcklig kunskap om muslimska utgångspunkter så att vi kan bemöta muslimer med respekt och förståelse. Utskottet menar att vi därför bör söka olika sätt att öka förståelsen och bygga broar mellan våra kulturer. I detta arbete vill utskottet understryka att den kulturella och religiösa dialogen inte försummas.» (Utrikesutskottets betänkande 2005/06:UU8 s.1)
Marokkansk familielovgivning som tv-serie
Authors: Ainouz Mounir 
Published: May 2017

Marokko fik i 2004 vedtaget en ny familielovgivning kaldet Moudawana, der medførte heftige diskussioner i det marokkanske samfund. Men den legale og sociale implementering af lovgivningen er langt fra afsluttet. Som et led i promoveringen lancerede den statsejede kanal al-Aoula en serie om familielovgivningen.
Kyotoprotekollen kommer til Midtøsten
Authors: Buen Jørund 
Published: May 2017

Kyoto og klimakvoter er nå på alles lepper i Norge og resten av Skandinavia. Men hvordan har landene i Midtøsten oppført seg i klimaforhandlingene? Hvor aktive er de i det globale limakvotemarkedet i dag, og hvilken rolle kan de komme til å spille i fremtiden?
AAPM Medical Physics Practice Guideline 8.a.: Linear accelerator performance tests
Authors: Smith Koren , Balter Peter , Duhon John , White Gerald A. , Vassy David L. , Miller Robin A. , Serago Christopher F. , Fairobent Lynne A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this guideline is to provide a list of critical performance tests in order to assist the Qualified Medical Physicist (QMP) in establishing and maintaining a safe and effective quality assurance (QA) program. The performance tests on a linear accelerator (linac) should be selected to fit the clinical patterns of use of the accelerator and care should be given to perform tests which are relevant to detecting errors related to the specific use of the accelerator.MethodsA risk assessment was performed on tests from current task group reports on linac QA to highlight those tests that are most effective at maintaining safety and quality for the patient. Recommendations are made on the acquisition of reference or baseline data, the establishment of machine isocenter on a routine basis, basing performance tests on clinical use of the linac, working with vendors to establish QA tests and performing tests after maintenance.ResultsThe recommended tests proposed in this guideline were chosen based on the results from the risk analysis and the consensus of the guideline's committee. The tests are grouped together by class of test (e.g., dosimetry, mechanical, etc.) and clinical parameter tested. Implementation notes are included for each test so that the QMP can understand the overall goal of each test.ConclusionThis guideline will assist the QMP in developing a comprehensive QA program for linacs in the external beam radiation therapy setting. The committee sought to prioritize tests by their implication on quality and patient safety. The QMP is ultimately responsible for implementing appropriate tests. In the spirit of the report from American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 100, individual institutions are encouraged to analyze the risks involved in their own clinical practice and determine which performance tests are relevant in their own radiotherapy clinics.
Development of a Global Health Milestones Tool for Learners in Emergency Medicine: A Pilot Project
Authors: Douglass Katherine A. , Jacquet Gabrielle A. , Hayward Alison S. , Dreifuss Bradley A. , Tupesis Janis P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesIn medical education and training, increasing numbers of institutions and learners are participating in global health experiences. Within the context of competency‐based education and assessment methodologies, a standardized assessment tool may prove valuable to all of the aforementioned stakeholders. Milestones are now used as the standard for trainee assessment in graduate medical education. Thus, the development of a similar, milestone‐based tool was undertaken, with learners in emergency medicine (EM) and global health in mind.MethodsThe Global Emergency Medicine Think Tank Education Working Group convened at the 2016 Society for Academic Medicine Annual Meeting in New Orleans, Louisiana. Using the Interprofessional Global Health Competencies published by the Consortium of Universities for Global Health's Education Committee as a foundation, the working group developed individual milestones based on the 11 stated domains. An iterative review process was implemented by teams focused on each domain to develop a final product.ResultsMilestones were developed in each of the 11 domains, with five competency levels for each domain. Specific learning resources were identified for each competency level and assessment methodologies were aligned with the milestones framework. The Global Health Milestones Tool for learners in EM is designed for continuous usage by learners and mentors across a career.ConclusionsThis Global Health Milestones Tool for learners in EM may prove valuable to numerous stakeholders. The next steps include a formalized pilot program for testing the tool's validity and usability across training programs, as well as an assessment of perceived utility and applicability by collaborating colleagues working in training sites abroad.
Improving inference for aerial surveys of bears: The importance of assumptions and the cost of unnecessary complexity
Authors: Schmidt Joshua H. , Wilson Tammy L. , Thompson William L. , Reynolds Joel H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObtaining useful estimates of wildlife abundance or density requires thoughtful attention to potential sources of bias and precision, and it is widely understood that addressing incomplete detection is critical to appropriate inference. When the underlying assumptions of sampling approaches are violated, both increased bias and reduced precision of the population estimator may result. Bear (Ursusspp.) populations can be difficult to sample and are often monitored using mark‐recapture distance sampling (MRDS) methods, although obtaining adequate sample sizes can be cost prohibitive. With the goal of improving inference, we examined the underlying methodological assumptions and estimator efficiency of three datasets collected under anMRDSprotocol designed specifically for bears. We analyzed these data usingMRDS, conventional distance sampling (CDS), and open‐distance sampling approaches to evaluate the apparent bias‐precision tradeoff relative to the assumptions inherent under each approach. We also evaluated the incorporation of informative priors on detection parameters within a Bayesian context. We found that theCDSestimator had low apparent bias and was more efficient than the more complexMRDSestimator. When combined with informative priors on the detection process, precision was increased by >50% compared to theMRDSapproach with little apparent bias. In addition, open‐distance sampling models revealed a serious violation of the assumption that all bears were available to be sampled. Inference is directly related to the underlying assumptions of the survey design and the analytical tools employed. We show that for aerial surveys of bears, avoidance of unnecessary model complexity, use of prior information, and the application of open population models can be used to greatly improve estimator performance and simplify field protocols. Although we focused on distance sampling‐based aerial surveys for bears, the general concepts we addressed apply to a variety of wildlife survey contexts.
Local scale processes drive long‐term change in biodiversity of sandy beach ecosystems
Authors: Schooler Nicholas K. , Dugan Jenifer E. , Hubbard David M. , Straughan Dale 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEvaluating impacts to biodiversity requires ecologically informed comparisons over sufficient time spans. The vulnerability of coastal ecosystems to anthropogenic and climate change‐related impacts makes them potentially valuable indicators of biodiversity change. To evaluate multidecadal change in biodiversity, we compared results from intertidal surveys of 13 sandy beaches conducted in the 1970s and 2009–11 along 500 km of coast (California, USA). Using a novel extrapolation approach to adjust species richness for sampling effort allowed us to address data gaps and has promise for application to other data‐limited biodiversity comparisons. Long‐term changes in species richness varied in direction and magnitude among beaches and with human impacts but showed no regional patterns. Observed long‐term changes in richness differed markedly among functional groups of intertidal invertebrates. At the majority (77%) of beaches, changes in richness were most evident for wrack‐associated invertebrates suggesting they have disproportionate vulnerability to impacts. Reduced diversity of this group was consistent with long‐term habitat loss from erosion and sea level rise at one beach. Wrack‐associated species richness declined over time at impacted beaches (beach fill and grooming), despite observed increases in overall intertidal richness. In contrast richness of these taxa increased at more than half (53%) of the beaches including two beaches recovering from decades of off‐road vehicle impacts. Over more than three decades, our results suggest that local scale processes exerted a stronger influence on intertidal biodiversity on beaches than regional processes and highlight the role of human impacts for local spatial scales. Our results illustrate how comparisons of overall biodiversity may mask ecologically important changes and stress the value of evaluating biodiversity change in the context of functional groups. The long‐term loss of wrack‐associated species, a key component of sandy beach ecosystems, documented here represents a significant threat to the biodiversity and function of coastal ecosystems.
The effect of interpregnancy interval on obesity/overweight among women in the first trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Ali Elrazi A. , Almugabil Abdelmageed , Salim Ala , Rayis Duria A. , Adam Ishag 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of interpregnancy interval (IPI) on obesity/overweight among pregnant Sudanese women in early pregnancy.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted at Saad Abu‐Alela Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan, from January to December 2015. Women with a singleton pregnancy and at least one previous pregnancy were enrolled in the first trimester. A questionnaire was used to collect clinical and sociodemographic data from the participants, and current body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters.ResultsAmong 1045 participants, 344 (32.9%), 424 (40.6%), and 277 (26.5%) women had short (<18 months), normal (18–30 months), and long IPIs (>30 months), respectively. BMI indicated 18 (1.7%), 408 (39.0%), 381 (36.5%), and 238 (22.8%) women were underweight (<18.5), normal weight (18.5–24.9), overweight (25.0–29.9), and obese (≥30.0), respectively. Age and proportion using contraceptives were increased among women with long IPI (both P<0.001). When compared with women of normal weight, overweight women and obese women were more likely to have a long IPI (odds ratio 1.72, 95% confidence interval 1.08–2.93; and 1.71, 1.05–2.94, respectively).ConclusionLong IPI was associated with obesity and overweight, which were prevalent among pregnant Sudanese women.
High‐grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ of the bile duct margin in patients with surgically resected node‐negative perihilar cholangiocarcinoma is associated with poor survival: a retrospective study
Authors: Higuchi Ryota , Yazawa Takehisa , Uemura Shuichiro , Izumo Wataru , Furukawa Toru , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical relevance of a high‐grade dysplasia/carcinoma in situ (HD/CIS)‐positive bile duct margin in perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PHC) is unclear. We evaluated the surgical outcomes of PHC patients with HD/CIS.MethodsClinicopathological data of 163 consecutive patients who underwent resection of PHC between 2004 and 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsPostoperative states included curative resection (R0) with free margins in 113 patients, non‐curative resection with HD/CIS (R1‐HD/CIS) in 22 patients, and non‐curative resection with any invasive carcinoma margin in 28 patients. Multivariate analyses in the entire cohort showed that lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] 1.91), distant metastasis (HR 3.87), and non‐curative resection with any invasive carcinoma margin (vs. R0; HR 2.06) were significant independent prognosticators. However, in node‐negative and distant metastasis‐negative PHC patients, histology (HR 2.97), R1‐HD/CIS (vs. R0; HR 2.31), and non‐curative resection with any invasive carcinoma margin (vs. R0; HR 5.33) were significant independent prognosticators. The 2‐ and 5‐year disease‐specific survival rates in node‐negative and distant metastasis‐negative PHC patients with R1‐HD/CIS margins were lower compared with those in patients with R0 margins (2‐year, 76.7% vs. 84.3%; 5‐year, 37.5% vs. 69.3%; P = 0.026).ConclusionsR1‐HD/CIS should be avoided in patients undergoing surgery for node‐negative and distant metastasis‐negative PHC.
Can freshwater phytoplankton access cadmium bound to low‐molecular‐weight thiols?
Authors: Liu Fengjie , Fortin Claude , Campbell Peter G. C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) ligands can enhance trace metal uptake by marine diatoms. We have extended this work to freshwater phytoplankton and have investigated Cd bioavailability in the presence of LMW thiols, with two green algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata) and a cyanobacterium (Anabaena flos‐aquae). Using nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) to hold the free Cd2+ concentration constant, we progressively added cysteine to the exposure medium and determined short‐term Cd uptake rates for each organism; the Cd uptake rates remained constant and were unaffected even when the concentrations of the Cd‐cysteine complexes exceeded that of the free Cd2+. Similar results were obtained with algae pre‐acclimated to different nitrogen sources or low zinc concentrations, even though such treatments affect their ability to utilize amino acids or take up Cd. A lack of effect was also observed for the two green algae with penicillamine, mercaptosuccinic acid, dithiothreitol and glutathione. These results suggest that the Cd‐thiol complexes do not contribute to Cd uptake. However, when the experiments were repeated with cysteine in the absence of NTA, at the same Cd2+ concentration, a significantly higher Cd uptake rate was observed in the presence of the L‐ or D‐cysteine stereoisomers than in the presence of NTA. This enhancement of Cd uptake in the presence of cysteine alone was sensitive to the nitrogen nutrition of these microorganisms, and we suggest that the enhancement likely results from biologically‐induced chemical oxidation of cysteine in the boundary layer adjacent to the algal cell.
Photocontrolled Living Polymerization Systems with Reversible Deactivations through Electron and Energy Transfer
Authors: Shanmugam Sivaprakash , Xu Jiangtao , Boyer Cyrille 
Published: May 2017

Recently, visible‐light‐regulated polymerization has been gaining popularity, as it opens a range of new opportunities for the synthesis of functional polymers and materials. Here, the most recent developments in this field are summarized, which is the use of photocatalysts and catalyst‐free approaches to mediate polymerization upon photoexcitation. These catalysts can transfer an electron or energy to activate an initiator. The recent achievements in light‐regulated atom‐transfer radical polymerization, reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization, ring‐opening metathesis polymerization, cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization, iodine‐mediated radical polymerization, and living cationic polymerization are reviewed. Recent development in these fields have solved important challenges in polymer chemistry, such as the development of oxygen‐tolerant polymerization, polymerization mediated by near‐infrared, metal‐free polymerization, and spatial‐, temporal‐, and sequence‐controlled polymerization. Some applications of these techniques will be discussed, such as adapting the current photocatalytic systems to synthesize heterogeneous photocatalysts that act as recyclable photocatalysts and novel light‐mediated approaches for surface functionalization of hybrid materials and living cells. Finally, the existing challenges in polymer chemistry that could be overcome by further development of light‐mediated polymerization techniques are highlighted along with the future directions of this field.
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Future of medical physics: Real‐time MRI‐guided proton therapy
Authors: Oborn Bradley M. , Dowdell Stephen , Metcalfe Peter E. , Crozier Stuart , Mohan Radhe , Keall Paul J. 
Published: May 2017

With the recent clinical implementation of real‐time MRI‐guided x‐ray beam therapy (MRXT), attention is turning to the concept of combining real‐time MRI guidance with proton beam therapy; MRI‐guided proton beam therapy (MRPT). MRI guidance for proton beam therapy is expected to offer a compelling improvement to the current treatment workflow which is warranted arguably more than for x‐ray beam therapy. This argument is born out of the fact that proton therapy toxicity outcomes are similar to that of the most advanced IMRT treatments, despite being a fundamentally superior particle for cancer treatment.In this Future of Medical Physics article, we describe the various software and hardware aspects of potential MRPT systems and the corresponding treatment workflow. Significant software developments, particularly focused around adaptive MRI‐based planning will be required. The magnetic interaction between the MRI and the proton beamline components will be a key area of focus. For example, the modeling and potential redesign of a magnetically compatible gantry to allow for beam delivery from multiple angles towards a patient located within the bore of an MRI scanner. Further to this, the accuracy of pencil beam scanning and beam monitoring in the presence of an MRI fringe field will require modeling, testing, and potential further development to ensure that the highly targeted radiotherapy is maintained.Looking forward we envisage a clear and accelerated path for hardware development, leveraging from lessons learnt from MRXT development. Within few years, simple prototype systems will likely exist, and in a decade, we could envisage coupled systems with integrated gantries. Such milestones will be key in the development of a more efficient, more accurate, and more successful form of proton beam therapy for many common cancer sites.
Metastatic angiosarcoma arising in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in a young patient with neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Winters Amanda C. , Black Jennifer O. , Cost Carrye R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a cancer predisposition syndrome with an incidence of approximately one in 3,000 and a lifetime risk of malignancy estimated at 8–13%. Here, we report the case of a patient with NF1 who developed synchronous malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, one with a focus of angiosarcoma. He succumbed to metastatic angiosarcoma despite local resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. This case highlights the need for monitoring for malignancy in NF1 patients, the risks of sampling error during tumor biopsy, and the clinical decision ‐ making involved in choosing a therapeutic plan for a patient with multiple simultaneous malignancies.