bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Educación y Trabajo. Una mirada a los jóvenes pobres de Brasil y Argentina
Authors: Girolami Mónica 
Published: May 2016

El propósito central de la investigación fue analizar las conexiones existentes entre la educación y el proceso de la transición al mercado de trabajo de los jóvenes pobres. Se ha utilizado metodología comparada, cualitativa y datos estadísticos provenientes de la PNAD-IBGE (Brasil) y EPHINDEC (Argentina). Se comparan las trayectorias educativo-laborales de los jóvenes que viven en favelas en Rio de Janeiro y villas miserias en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. La selección de la trayectoria a recorrer por parte de estos jóvenes tendrá mayores o menores posibilidades de ser llevada a cabo en función de las restricciones que les impone el contexto objetivo en el cual viven. Entre ellos encontramos condicionantes económico –sociales, de hábitat, de circuito educativo caracterizados por la segmentación y baja calidad de los mismos, de género, de falta de capital social y discriminación.Todos estos condicionantes son desigualdades que interactúan y se refuerzan al acoplarse entre unas y otras, y se pueden interpretar como acoplamientos de dos tipos de exclusiones: la socioeconómica y la sociocultural. Cuando este acoplamiento ocurre, la exclusión tiende a reforzarse adquiriendo formas más extremas y persistentes. En los jóvenes pobres la amplia gama de situaciones de vulnerabilidad que presentan ponen de manifiesto la heterogeneidad de la pobreza, y la ampliación y complejización de las desigualdades en el acceso a recursos y oportunidades. Los elementos estructurales conforman la matriz de relaciones objetivas por la cual los individuos transitan, pero no explican en su totalidad las particularidades de las trayectorias. En las trayectorias educativas-laborales de los jóvenes pobres se han identificado cinco perfiles educativo- laborales: a) trayectorias de exclusión, b) trayectorias de riesgo, c) trayectorias de vulnerabilidad, d) trayectoria acumulativa, e) perfil de acumulación sucesiva. Los resultados muestran que el origen socioeconómico, el nivel educativo de lafamilia y la calidad del circuito educativo al que concurrieron parece ser los determinantes del destino laboral de los jóvenes pobres. A pesar de estastendencias reproductoras, la investigación también muestra que algunos jóvenes con motivación y estrategias proactivas, logran entrar en trayectorias deacumulación. La educación profesional representa una alternativa importante, sobre todo para aquellos que no pueden acceder o permanecer en la universidad y/o se inclinan por carreras técnicas. Necesaria, es la existencia de mecanismos institucionales que pueden apoyar la transición al trabajo, con el fin de generar mayores oportunidades para los jóvenes en situación de pobreza.
Teias de um Observatório para a saúde das populações do campo, da floresta e das águas no Brasil
Authors: CARNEIRO Fernando Ferreira , PESSOA Vanira Matos , ARRUDA Carlos André Moura , FOLGADO Cleber Adriano Rodrigues , SOARES Rackynelly Alves Sarmento , KIRSCH Rosana , TYGEL Alan Freihof , CARVALHO Priscila Delgado de 
Published: May 2016

A Política Nacional de Saúde Integral das Populações do Campo, da Floresta e das Águas reconhece a dívida histórica do Estado brasileiro com a saúde dessas populações, apresenta a necessidade de superação do modelo de desenvolvimento econômico e social na busca de relações homem–natureza responsáveis e promotoras da saúde. Como fruto da implantação dessa política, pensando no seu monitoramento e avaliação, estruturou-se em 2012 um Observatório denominado OBTEIA. Objetiva-se apresentar a experiência desse Observatório, focando o seu processo metodológico e nos principais resultados. Este Observatório vem sendo estruturado a partir da criação de uma Teia de Saberes e Práticas, que envolve movimentos sociais, academia e gestoras(es)/trabalhadoras(es) do Sistema Único de Saúde. O foco das ações tem sido o de visibilizar essa população por meio de um portal interativo na internet (www.saudecampofloresta.unb.br), coleta e processamento de informações, notícias, estudos, vídeos, cadernos, bem como promover o debate acerca de referenciais críticos e métodos de pesquisa coerentes com o modo de viver dessas populações. Essa experiência vem possibilitando o envolvimento de distintos grupos e seu reconhecimento político dessa ferramenta como estratégia de fortalecimento e melhoria da produção de informações capazes de disparar ações e decisões focadas nas populações do campo, da floresta e das águas.
06. Laughing at Oneself: On the New Social Character
Authors: Hietalahti Jarno 
Published: May 2016

This paper examines certain practices of humour, especially self-ridicule, as a kind of social pathology, drawing on the work of Erich Fromm. The paper starts with the observation that laughing at oneself is typically considered to be a positive trait. In general, self-ridicule reveals that the joker does not consider him- or herself to occupy a high ground, to be above ridicule. This kind of affirmative attitude towards laughing at oneself is also present in many philosophers’ thinking. Morally, it is stated, it is better to laugh at oneself than at others. The paper challenges some of these general ideas. Not every kind of self-ridiculing is positive. Laughing at oneself can eventually be problematic in relation to recognizing oneself and others (this is not unrelated to the forms of pathology discussed by Honneth as pathologies of legal and moral freedom – they provide a protected ‘leave’ from the social world, which is important, but can turn pathological if it turns into an obstacle to ordinary participation in the social world. The same goes for excessive self-irony as a form of distancing oneself not only from the social world, but from one’s own orientation in life). The critique is based on Erich Fromm’s social philosophy, especially contemporary versions of Fromm’s notion of ‘social character.’
Is There an Association Between Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity and Coronary Heart Disease in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Katsiki Niki , Kollari Erietta , Dardas Sotirios , Dardas Petros , Haidich Anna-Bettina , Athyros Vasilios G. , Karagiannis Asterios 
Published: May 2016

Arterial stiffness has been shown to predict cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) is regarded the gold standard marker of arterial stiffness. In previous studies, cfPWV was associated with the presence of coronary heart disease (CHD). However, with regard to CHD severity as assessed by the Syntax Score, only brachial-ankle PWV was reported to correlate with Syntax Score; no data exist for cfPWV.
In this pilot study, we evaluated the possible associations between cfPWV, CHD and Syntax Score in 62 consecutive pa-tients (49 males; mean age: 64±12years) with chest pain undergoing scheduled coronary angiography. cfPWV was signifi-cantly higher in CHD patients than in non-CHD individuals (10 vs. 8.4 m/s; p = 0.003). No significant association was found between cfPWV and CHD severity as assessed by Syntax Score. A cut-off point of 12.3 m/s was considered as diagnostic for abnormally increased cfPWV (specificity: 97%; sensitivity: 12%; positive likelihood ratio: 3.558). Further research is needed to establish the relationship between cfPWV and Syntax Score.
The Promising Applications of Stem Cells in the Oral Region: Literature Review
Authors: Silva Luciano Barreto , Neto Alexandrino Pereira Dos Santos , Pacheco Rachel Gomes Pelozo , Júnior Severino Alves , Menezes Rebeca Ferraz de , Carneiro Vanda Sanderana Macedo , Araújo Natália Costa , Silveira Marcia Maria Fonseca da , Albuquerque Diana Santana de , Gerbi Marleny Elizabeth Marquez de Martinez , Álvares Pamella Recco , Arruda José Alcides Almeida de , Sobral Ana Paula Veras 
Published: May 2016

Introduction:For a long time researchers have tried to find out a way to grow tissues back to the human body in order to solve transplantation problems by offering the unique opportunity to have their organs back, working properly, in search of life dignity.Literature Review:Stem cells seem to be present in many other tissues than researchers had once thought; and in some specific sites they can be easily collected, without the need of expensive interventions. The oral cavity is one of these regions where their collection can be accomplished, with plenty of accessible sites enriched with these precious cells.Aim:The aim of this literature review is to research where in the mouth can scientists find stem cells to be used in the near future.Key-message:The aim of this literature review is to research where stem cells can be found and collected in the oral cavity.
A New Law for Time Perception
Authors: Hancock Peter A. , Block Richard A. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Effects of sex and handedness on the perception of temporal durations from 1 to 20 s were studied. A total of 80 male and 40 female participants were divided equally into left-handed and right-handed subgroups. Using an empty interval production procedure, each person estimated durations of 1, 3, 7, and 20 s, respectively, 50 times each. The order of presentation was randomized across participants but yoked across the sexes in each of the respective handedness subgroups. Results showed significant sex differences but no effects for handedness. One important facet of this sex effect was expressed in a consistent intercept difference in the identified relationship that linked the log-linear size of the absolute error of estimation against the logarithmic magnitude of the target duration at which such error was recorded. This new finding provides a new descriptive, empirical relationship for time perception of brief temporal intervals. The potential methodological, evolutionary, and cognitive reasons for this lawful relationship are discussed.
A QUESTÃO DA ESCALA NO ENSINO DE CLIMATOLOGIA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL E MÉDIO
Authors: Castelhano Francisco Jablinski , Roseghini Wilson Flavio Feltrim 
Published: May 2016

Este artigo trabalha com o conceito de escala no ensino de geografia em particular na área de climatologia. Se aproveitando de conceitos propostos por Piaget (1996), Carvalho (2006) e Tuan (1975) os autores visam identificar qual a escala adequada para se tratar os fenômenos climatológicos dentro de sala de aula, analisando livros didáticos para entender como os mesmos abordam esta ciência. Após tal discussão teórica, foi realizado um levantamento com uma amostra de professores dos ensinos fundamental e médio de Curitiba e Região Metro-politana a fim de se entender como de fato se da o ensino de climatologia em sala de aula, e também a relação de dependência entre o professor e o livro didático, visto que a abordagem do segundo se mostrou muito generalista. Ao fim da pesquisa, observou-se que a escolha da escala de estudo, na grande maioria dos casos é pessoal do professor, tendo em vista que den-tre os entrevistados, somente 6,38% alegaram não ter liberdade para tratar de assuntos fora do livro e outros 6,38% não ter liberdade para se aprofundar em assuntos do livro. Palavras-chave: ensino de Geografia, climatologia, escala DOI: 10.5902/2236499416399
Comment on “Climate and agricultural land use change impacts on streamflow in the upper midwestern United States” by Satish C. Gupta et al.
Authors: Schilling Keith E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIncreasing precipitation and land use/land cover (LU/LC) change have contributed to increasing streamflow and base flow in many Midwestern rivers but the relative importance of causal factors is open to debate. The dominant LULC change in the agricultural Midwest is the emergence of soybean production that occurred in the mid‐ to late‐20th Century that replaced many sod‐based rotations and increased total row crop area devoted to annual maize and soybean crops. Increasing precipitation may be a more important factor for increasing total discharge whereas LULC changes contributed more to base flow changes.
South Atlantic intermediate water advances into the North‐east Atlantic with reduced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation during the last glacial period
Authors: Dubois‐Dauphin Quentin , Bonneau Lucile , Colin Christophe , Montero‐Serrano Jean‐Carlos , Montagna Paolo , Blamart Dominique , Hebbeln Dierk , Van Rooij David , Pons‐Branchu Edwige , Hemsing Freya , Wefing Anne‐Marie , Frank Norbert 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Nd isotopic composition (εNd) of seawater and cold‐water coral (CWC) samples from the Gulf of Cádiz and the Alboran Sea, at a depth of 280–827 m were investigated in order to constrain middepth water mass dynamics within the Gulf of Cádiz over the past 40 ka. εNd of glacial and Holocene CWC from the Alboran Sea and the northern Gulf of Cádiz reveals relatively constant values (−8.6 to −9.0 and −9.5 to −10.4, respectively). Such values are similar to those of the surrounding present‐day middepth waters from the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW; εNd ∼ −9.4) and Mediterranean Sea Water (MSW; εNd ∼ −9.9). In contrast, glacial εNd values for CWC collected at thermocline depth (550–827 m) in the southern Gulf of Cádiz display a higher average value (−8.9 ± 0.4) compared to the present‐day value (−11.7 ± 0.3). This implies a higher relative contribution of water masses of Mediterranean (MSW) or South Atlantic origin (East Antarctic Intermediate Water, EAAIW). Our study has produced the first evidence of significant radiogenic εNd values (∼ −8) at 19, 23–24, and 27 ka, which are coeval with increasing iceberg discharges and a weakening of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). Since MOW εNd values remained stable during the last glacial period, it is suggested that these radiogenic εNd values most likely reflect an enhanced northward propagation of glacial EAAIW into the eastern Atlantic Basin.
The contribution of an overlooked transport process to a wetland's methane emissions
Authors: Poindexter Cristina M. , Baldocchi Dennis D. , Matthes Jaclyn Hatala , Knox Sara Helen , Variano Evan A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWetland methane transport processes affect what portion of methane produced in wetlands reaches the atmosphere. We model what has been perceived to be the least important of these transport processes: hydrodynamic transport of methane through wetland surface water and show that its contribution to total methane emissions from a temperate freshwater marsh is surprisingly large. In our 1 year study, hydrodynamic transport comprised more than half of nighttime methane fluxes and was driven primarily by water column thermal convection occurring overnight as the water surface cooled. Overall, hydrodynamic transport was responsible for 32% of annual methane emissions. Many methane models have overlooked this process, but our results show that wetland methane fluxes cannot always be accurately described using only other transport processes (plant‐mediated transport and ebullition). Modifying models to include hydrodynamic transport and the mechanisms that drive it, particularly convection, could help improve predictions of future wetland methane emissions.
MMS Multipoint electric field observations of small‐scale magnetic holes
Authors: Goodrich Katherine A. , Ergun Robert E. , Wilder Frederick D. , Burch James , Torbert Roy , Khotyaintsev Yuri , Lindqvist Per‐Arne , Russell Christopher , Strangeway Robert , Magnes Werner , Gershman Daniel , Giles Barbara , Nakamura Rumi , Stawarz Julia , Holmes Justin , Sturner Andrew , Malaspina David M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSmall‐scale magnetic holes (MHs), local depletions in magnetic field strength, have been observed multiple times in the Earth's magnetosphere in the bursty bulk flow (BBF) braking region. This particular subset of MHs has observed scale sizes perpendicular to the background magnetic field (B) less than the ambient ion Larmor radius (ρi). Previous observations by Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) indicate that this subset of MHs can be supported by a current driven by the E × B drift of electrons. Ions do not participate in the E × B drift due to the small‐scale size of the electric field. While in the BBF braking region, during its commissioning phase, the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft observed a small‐scale MH. The electric field observations taken during this event suggest the presence of electron currents perpendicular to the magnetic field. These observations also suggest that these currents can evolve to smaller spatial scales.
Changes in the depth habitat of the Oligocene planktic foraminifera (Dentoglobigerina venezuelana) induced by thermocline deepening in the eastern equatorial Pacific
Authors: Matsui Hiroki , Nishi Hiroshi , Takashima Reishi , Kuroyanagi Azumi , Ikehara Minoru , Takayanagi Hideko , Iryu Yasufumi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUnderstanding planktic foraminiferal depth habitat along with consistent taxonomic concepts is key to accurate reconstruction of paleoceanographic records. The Oligocene‐Pliocene long‐ranging and widely distributed species Dentoglobigerina venezuelana lived in the mixed layer (shallower) during the early Oligocene, whereas the same species calcified at thermocline or subthermocline depths (deeper) during the late Oligocene and Miocene. The exact timing of the species' depth habitat change and its possible relationships with Oligocene climate dynamics remain unknown. Here we reveal isotopic records of D. venezuelana along with the Paragloborotalia siakensis group (a mixed‐layer dweller) by using sediments at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1334 in the eastern equatorial Pacific throughout the Oligocene. A two‐step depth habitat change of D. venezuelana is apparent: (1) from upper to lower mixed layer (~27.4 Ma) and (2) from lower mixed layer to thermocline depth (~26.3 Ma). In addition, the planktic foraminiferal faunal assemblage experienced a marked change from dominantly thermocline (deeper) species to abundant mixed‐layer (shallower) species, suggesting that depth habitat shifts of D. venezuelana were clearly related to thermocline deepening in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Comparison of the first isotopic shift (~27.4 Ma) at multiple sites (U1334, U1333, and 1218) revealed a southward depth habitat change of D. venezuelana within ~200 kyr, implying overall thermocline deepening with reduced steepness in the eastern equatorial Pacific. We consider that global warming conditions during the late Oligocene likely caused thermocline deepening with upwelling decrease in the eastern equatorial Pacific, guiding D. venezuelana to adapt to greater depths in the water column.
Projecting Lifetime Risk of Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis and Total Knee Replacement in Individuals Sustaining a Complete Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear in Early Adulthood
Authors: Suter Lisa G. , Smith Savannah R. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Englund Martin , Hunter David J. , Frobell Richard , Losina Elena 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo estimate the lifetime risk of knee osteoarthritis (OA) and total knee replacement (TKR) in persons sustaining anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear by age 25 years.MethodsWe used the Osteoarthritis Policy Model to project the cumulative incidence of symptomatic knee OA requiring TKR in varying situations: no prevalent or incident injury; isolated ACL tear, surgically treated; isolated ACL tear, nonoperatively treated; or a prevalent history or surgically treated ACL and meniscal tear (MT). We estimated MT prevalence and incidence and increased risk of knee OA associated with ACL injury and MT from published literature. We conducted a range of sensitivity analyses to examine the impact of uncertainty in input parameters.ResultsEstimated lifetime risk of symptomatic knee OA was 34% for the cohort with ACL injury and MT, compared to 14% for the no‐injury cohort. ACL injury without MT was associated with a lifetime risk of knee OA between 16% and 17%, depending on ACL treatment modality. Estimated lifetime risk of TKR ranged from 6% in the no‐injury cohort to 22% for the ACL injury and MT cohort. Subjects in the ACL injury and MT cohort developed OA approximately 1.5 years earlier (55.7 versus 57.1) and underwent TKR approximately 2 years earlier (66 versus 68) than the cohort without knee injuries.ConclusionSustaining ACL injury early in adulthood leads to greater lifetime risk and earlier onset of knee OA and TKR; concomitant MTs compound this risk. These data provide insight into the impact of sustainable injury prevention interventions in young adults.
Risk of Malignancy Among Patients With Sarcoidosis: A Population‐Based Cohort Study
Authors: Ungprasert Patompong , Crowson Cynthia S. , Matteson Eric L. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of malignancy in patients with sarcoidosis in a population‐based cohort.MethodsA cohort of Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents diagnosed with sarcoidosis between January 1, 1976 and December 31, 2013 was identified based on individual medical record review. For each sarcoidosis subject, 2 sex‐ and age‐matched comparator subjects without sarcoidosis were randomly selected. Cases and comparators were then cross‐indexed with the Mayo Clinic Cancer Registry, which collected data on every type of malignancy except for nonmelanoma skin cancer, for malignancy ascertainment.ResultsA total of 345 incident cases of sarcoidosis and 690 comparators were identified. There was no difference in the prevalence of malignancy at the index date between the 2 groups (4.3% among cases and 4.3% among comparators; P = 1.0). During followup, 36 patients with sarcoidosis and 91 subjects without sarcoidosis developed malignancy, with a cumulative incidence at 10 years of 3.8% and 7.1%, respectively. The difference corresponded to a hazard ratio (HR) of 0.72 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.49–1.06). The cumulative incidences at 10 years for individual types of malignancy were also similar between the 2 groups, with nonsignificant HRs. However, subgroup analysis found that cases with extrathoracic involvement were at higher risk of incident hematologic malignancy compared with cases without extrathoracic involvement (HR 1.87 [95% CI 1.09–3.22]).ConclusionRisk of malignancy was similar among patients with sarcoidosis compared to nonsarcoidosis subjects. However, the risk of incident hematologic malignancy was significantly higher among patients with sarcoidosis with extrathoracic involvement compared to patients without extrathoracic disease.
BSA‐Mediated Synthesis of Bismuth Sulfide Nanotheranostic Agents for Tumor Multimodal Imaging and Thermoradiotherapy
Authors: Wang Yong , Wu Yongyou , Liu Yujing , Shen Jia , Lv Ling , Li Liubing , Yang Liecheng , Zeng Jianfeng , Wang Yangyun , Zhang Leshuai W. , Li Zhen , Gao Mingyuan , Chai Zhifang 
Published: May 2016

Fabrication of ultrasmall single‐component omnipotent nanotheranostic agents integrated with multimodal imaging and multiple therapeutic functions becomes more and more practically relevant but challenging. In this article, sub 10 nm Bi2S3 biocompatible particles are prepared through a bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐mediated biomineralization process under ambient aqueous conditions. Owing to the ultrasmall size and colloidal stability, the resulting nanoparticles (NPs) present outstanding blood circulation behavior and excellent tumor targeting ability. Toward theranostic applications, the biosafety profile is carefully investigated. In addition, photothermal conversion is characterized for both photoacoustic imaging and photothermal treatment of cancers. Upon radiolabeling, the performance of the resulting particles for SPECT/CT imaging in vivo is also carried out. Additionally, different combinations of treatments are applied for evaluating the performance of the as‐prepared Bi2S3 NPs in photothermal‐ and radiotherapy of tumors. Due to the remarkable photothermal conversion efficiency and large X‐ray attenuation coefficient, the implanted tumors are completely eradicated through combined therapies, which highlights the potential of BSA‐capped Bi2S3 NPs as a novel multifunctional nanotheranostic agent.