bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influences of a natural colourant on colour and salty taste perception, liking, emotion and purchase intent: a case of mayonnaise‐based dipping sauces
Authors: Sukkwai Sineenath , Chonpracha Pichayaphat , Kijroongrojana Kongkarn , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon 
Published: June 2017

SummaryEffects of colourant and a ‘natural source’ statement on sensory liking, emotion, saltiness expectation and purchase intent (PI) of three dipping sauces containing shrimp head colourant [no‐colourant (NC); moderate‐colourant (MC, 1.2% colourant); high‐colourant (HC, 3.6% colourant)] were evaluated. Consumers disliked colour of HC compared to MC (4.65 vs. 6.24). Despite the same NaCl level, saltiness liking decreased with increasing colourant [6.38 (NC), 5.43 (MC), 3.97 (HC)]. Correspondence analysis biplot revealed that sauces with or without natural colourant were associated more with positive emotions. Positive emotion (good, interested, satisfied) scores decreased while negative emotion worried increased with increasing colourant concentration. The ‘natural source’ statement decreased guilty and unsafe scores but minimally affected PI of NC and MC. Saltiness expectation was not different between NC (off‐white colour) vs. MC (lighter orange) and between NC vs. HC (darker orange); however, consumers expected HC to be saltier than MC.
Changes in the structure, digestibility and immunoreactivities of glycinin induced by the cross‐linking of microbial transglutaminase following heat denaturation
Authors: Yang Anshu , Xia Jiaheng , Gong Yuqing , Deng Han , Wu Zhihua , Li Xin , Tong Ping , Chen Hongbing 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of microbial transglutaminase (MTG)‐mediated modification on the structure, digestibility and immunoreactivities of glycinin. Glycinin was separated from soya bean and cross‐linked with MTG, and the sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) showed that the molecular weight of cross‐linked glycinin was higher than that of native glycinin. Individual MTG cross‐linking could maintain stable secondary structures and spatial structure. Sequential heat denaturation and MTG cross‐linking could promote the unfolding of protein structures and reduce their hydrophobicity. The digestibility of glycinin was decreased, and its immunoreactivities were increased because of MTG‐induced structural alteration, including primary and spatial structures.
Nonthermal plasma for pesticide and microbial elimination on fruits and vegetables: an overview
Authors: Phan Khanh Thi Kim , Phan Huan Tai , Brennan Charles S. , Phimolsiripol Yuthana 
Published: June 2017

SummaryNonthermal plasma (NTP) is defined in terms of partly ionised gas which overall temperature is quite low because the stored energy is mostly in free electrons. Applications of NTP have been expanded to new areas of food applications such as the microbial inactivation and also the elimination of pesticide and toxic chemical residues in food such as fruits and vegetables while nutritional content and key characteristics are still preserved. Plasma treatment has successfully decreased the concentrations of pesticides by about 45‐71%. In this article, NTP technologies as well as investigations about applying of NTP for removing pesticide residues and improving microbial safety in fresh produce are described. Potential applications of NTP in food processing together with some of their challenges and limitations are also discussed.
Recent trends in four major journals in acarology: size and impact
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Qiang 
Published: June 2017

SAA increased its frequency from four issues per year in 2014 to 12 per year in 2016, whereas the three other journals did not change frequency. As a result, SAA increased the number of papers per year each year over the last three years and is now the largest, despite being a latecomer (Fig. 1). The volume of SAA had been gradually increasing in the past (Zhang 2014b, 2015, 2016), but the rapid increase during the last three years is a reflection of the rising popularity and respect of this journal among acarologists in the world.
Effects of Electroacupuncture on the Cortical Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase Pathway in Rats with Cerebral Ischaemia/Reperfusion
Authors: Wu Chunxiao , Li Chun , Zhou Guoping , Yang Lu , Jiang Guimei , Chen Jing , Li Qiushi , Zhan Zhulian , Xu Xiuhong , Zhang Xin 
Published: June 2017

Objective To explore the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on the phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase (p-ERK) pathway of the cerebral cortex in a rat model of focal cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). Methods 160 adult Sprague-Dawley rats underwent middle carotid artery occlusion (MCAO) to establish I/R injury and were randomly divided into four groups (n=40 each) that remained untreated (I/R group) or received EA at LU5, LI4, ST36 and SP6 (I/R+EA group), the ERK inhibitor PD98059 (I/R+PD group), or both interventions (I/R+PD+EA groups). An additional 40 rats undergoing sham surgery formed a healthy control group. Eight rats from each group were sacrificed at the following time points: 2 hours, 6 hours, 1 day, 3 days and 1 week. Neurological function was assessed using neurological deficit scores, morphological examination was performed following haematoxylin-eosin staining of cortical tissues, and apoptotic indices were calculated after terminal deoxyribonucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated biotin-16-dUTP nick-end labelling. Cortical protein and mRNA expression of p-ERK and ERK were measured by immunohistochemistry and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. Results Compared with the I/R group, neurological deficit scores and apoptotic indices were lower in the I/R+EA group at 1 and 3 days, whereas mRNA/protein expression of ERK/p-ERK was higher in the EA group at all time points studied. Conclusion Our results suggest that EA can alleviate neurological deficits and reduce cortical apoptosis in rats with I/R injury. These anti-apoptotic effects may be due to upregulation of p-ERK. Moreover, apoptosis appeared to peak at 1 day after I/R injury, which might therefore represent the optimal time point for targeting of EA.
Implementation of a disability management policy in a large healthcare employer: a quasi-experimental, mixed-methods evaluation
Authors: Mustard Cameron A , Skivington Kathryn , Lay Morgan , Lifshen Marni , Etches Jacob , Chambers Andrea 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThis study describes the process and outcomes of the implementation of a strengthened disability management policy in a large Canadian healthcare employer. Key elements of the strengthened policy included an emphasis on early contact, the training of supervisors and the integration of union representatives in return-to-work (RTW) planning.DesignThe study applied mixed methods, combining a process evaluation within the employer and a quasi-experimental outcome evaluation between employers for a 3-year period prior to and following policy implementation in January 2012.ParticipantsStaff in the implementation organisation (n=4000) and staff in a peer group of 29 large hospitals (n=1 19 000).OutcomesWork disability episode incidence and duration.ResultsBoth qualitative and quantitative measures of the implementation process were predominantly positive. Over the 6-year observation period, there were 624 work disability episodes in the organisation and 8604 in the comparison group of 29 large hospitals. The annual per cent change in episode incidence in the organisation was −5.6 (95% CI −9.9 to −1.1) comparable to the annual per cent change in the comparison group: −6.2 (-7.2 to –5.3). Disability episode durations also declined in the organisation, from a mean of 19.4 days (16.5, 22.3) in the preintervention period to 10.9 days (8.7, 13.2) in the postintervention period. Reductions in disability durations were also observed in the comparison group: from a mean of 13.5 days (12.9, 14.1) in the 2009–2011 period to 10.5 days (9.9, 11.1) in the 2012–2014 period.ConclusionThe incidence of work disability episodes and the durations of work disability declined strongly in this hospital sector over the 6-year observation period. The implementation of the organisation’s RTW policy was associated with larger reductions in disability durations than observed in the comparison group.
The Selection of High-Skilled Emigrants
Authors: Parey Matthias , Ruhose Jens , Waldinger Fabian , Netz Nicolai 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We measure selection among high-skilled emigrants from Germany using predicted earnings. Migrants to less equal countries are positively selected relative to nonmigrants, while migrants to more equal countries are negatively selected, consistent with the prediction in Borjas (1987). Positive selection to less equal countries reflects university quality and grades, and negative selection to more equal countries reflects university subject and gender. Migrants to the United States are highly positively selected and concentrated in STEM fields. Our results highlight the relevance of the Borjas model for high-skilled individuals when credit constraints and other migration barriers are unlikely to be binding.
New modes of cinematic production in contemporary Spanish cinema: Private televisions and the film franchise
Authors: Meneses Jara Fernández 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article explores a new mode of cinematic production that emerged in contemporary Spanish cinema only after private television companies were legally compelled by the Law 22/1999 to invest in film production, leading to the film franchise as exemplified by the Brain Drain film series Fuga de cerebros (Brain Drain) (González Molina, 2009) and Fuga de cerebros 2. Ahora en Harvard (Brain Drain 2) (Therón, 2011). These productions depart from the institutional models of contemporary Spanish cinema since they emerge from strategies that mirror those used by private television companies when manufacturing television series. By analysing the Brain Drain franchise’s production strategies and formal features, this article aims to shed light on an overlooked area of contemporary Spanish cinema.
Inglourious Basterds: Satirizing the spectator and revealing the ‘Nazi’ within
Authors: Chrystall Andrew 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article presents Tarantino’s Inglourious Basterds as a ‘masterpiece’ of metacinema that satirizes its audience(s) directly. The particular focus is how Tarantino creates and leverages a network of analogical relations and/or resonances to reflect and/or fold spectators back upon themselves and make us (the viewing audience) the butt or (Private) ‘Butz’ of his joke. This article also argues that Tarantino attacks and manipulates the viewer’s sensibilities and perceptions with a view to affording them a shock of recognition − exposing audiences to their enjoyment (and, by extension, complicity in the co-production) of on-screen violence and their willingness to be manipulated by the director into a position that parallels that of the in-film Nazi audience − and, thereby enabling spectators to see themselves and their relations to film more clearly.
Sex and Genetic Background Influence Superoxide Dismutase (cSOD)-Related Phenotypic Variation inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Lessel Courtney E , Parkes Tony L , Dickinson Joel , Merritt Thomas J S 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMutations often have drastically different effects in different genetic backgrounds; understanding a gene’s biological function then requires an understanding of its interaction with genetic diversity. The antioxidant enzyme cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cSOD) catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide radical, a molecule that can induce oxidative stress if its concentration exceeds cellular control. Accordingly, Drosophila melanogaster lacking functional cSOD exhibit a suite of phenotypes including decreased longevity, hypersensitivity to oxidative stress, impaired locomotion, and reduced NADP(H) enzyme activity in males. To date, cSOD-null phenotypes have primarily been characterized using males carrying one allele, cSodn108red, in a single genetic background. We used ANOVA, and the effect size partial eta squared, to partition the amount of variation attributable to cSOD activity, sex, and genetic background across a series of life history, locomotor, and biochemical phenotypes associated with the cSOD-null condition. Overall, the results demonstrate that the cSOD-null syndrome is largely consistent across sex and genetic background, but also significantly influenced by both. The sex-specific effects are particularly striking and our results support the idea that phenotypes cannot be considered to be fully defined if they are examined in limited genetic contexts.
IMPROVING THE RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH URETERAL CONCREMENTS AFTER CONTACT URETEROLITHOTRIPSY
Authors: Solh R. M. , Andrukhin M. I. , Makarov O. V. , Fedchenkov V. V. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose. Im proving the results of treatment of patients with ureteral stones and reducing the dam aging effects of contact lithotripsy.Materials and methods. In this study, 48 patients were examined aged 20 to 63 years. All patients admitted to the urology department with diagnoses: urolithiasis, calculus of the ureter. In all cases contact ureterolithotripsy with stenting of the upper urinary tract were performed. The patients were divided into two groups: main and control. 25 patients (52 .1%) were included into the main group, which in the postoperative period, we used low-level laser therapy (L-therapy). 23 patients were included in a control group (47.9%) who did not receive low-laser therapy. Laboratory tests and ultrasound with Doppler renal blood vessels scan were performed on admission, on the first day after the operation and on the 5-th day of hospitalization. Low-intensity laser therapy was performed within 5 days after contact ureterolithotripsy on projection of placement of stone and kidney projection by series for 5 minutes.Results. All patients admitted to the hospital, were spared from ureteral stones. In the main group during the treatment with L-therapy a decrease in the level of beta-2 microglobulin to normal was observed. (4.8 ± 0.1 mg/l on the first day. On the 5th day 2 .3 + 0.1 mg/l). In the control group during the treatment without the use of L-therapy, the average level of beta-2 microglobulin decreased but did not reach normal levels. (5.5 ± 0.1 mg/l on the first day. On the 5th day 3,2 ±0, l mg/l).Resistance index in the study group decreased compared to the control. In the control group, cases of acute pyelonephritis were observed. The average hospital stay for patients of the main group (6 days) was less than in the control group (6 .5 + days).Conclusion. The use of laser therapy in the treatment of patients who did undergo ureterolithotripsy can reduce the length of stay of the patient in the hospital and reduce the risk of acute pyelonephritis in the postoperative period. Also it can reduce the damaging effect of lithotripsy on the renal tissues.
Türkiye Pazarında Yeni Bir Ürün: Kenevir Özütlü Soğuk İçecekler
Authors: Aydoğdu Melike , Döğer Rukiye , Akgür Serap Annette 
Published: June 2017

Objective: Turkey is important tea markets in the world and ice tea is one of the most popular products in the recent years. In this study, we aimed to evaluated ingredients of the substances written on the can of "Cannabis Ice Tea"; which is presented as psychoactive substance cannabis positive.
Materials and Methods: The drink was analyzed by immunoassay and chromatographic methods whether it contains prohibited substance under the relevant legal regulations. In the immunoassay studies; cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines, synthetic cannabinoids, opiates and benzodiazepine groups were analyzed. Cannabis, amphetamines and derivatives, analgesics/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), antidepressants, antihypertensives, hypnotics/sedatives, neuroleptics, opiates/opioids and caffeine were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
Results: “Cannabis Ice Tea” was analyzed by immunoassay and parameter results were determined to be negative according to cut off values. The obtained analysis results by chromatographic method; cannabis, amphetamines and derivatives, analgesics/NSAIDs, antidepressants, antihypertensives, hypnotics/sedatives, neuroleptics, opiates/opioids were negative, while caffeine was positive (62 µg/mL).
Discussion and Conclusion: Cannabis Ice Tea, which has a big market in the world and is canceled in our country, sales policy for product named as followed by exaggerated taste and sense descriptions. According to the analytical results; caffeine-containing beverage was not containing any cannabis or another prohibited psychoactive substance, can create a potential incentive effect that suggests the use of cannabis in the subconscious mind with a hemp similar logo on ice. In general hemp plant, known to contain psychoactive substances, is required to increased awareness of the use of visuals in sales and necessary legal arrangements, studies and inspections.
Kişilik Bozukluklarında Tanı Güvenirliği ve Cezai Sorumluluk
Authors: Deniz Derya 
Published: June 2017

The most striking aspect of the state power is the "right to punish" and the concept of "punishment" in that notion. The level of punishment is determined by the degree of intent and fault, and the level of the crime committed. The point that psychiatry assisting criminal law is whether or not the “mens rea” has taken place. The concept of "Criminal Responsibility" is clear and obvious for a mental health professional. A diagnosis about an acute or chronic mental illness can be proven in the legal sense. But the question here is not the diagnostic origin. It is to detect the functional reduction in legal or criminal responsibility. Judging from the practice of forensic psychiatry personality disorders - unlike some major mental illnesses - are generally not seen as a phenomenon that dispose criminal responsibility. Of course, criminal behavior is not merely due to personality disorders. Research findings indicate that personality disorders are caused by the interaction of environmental conditions and poorly life experiences as well as genetic vulnerability. Are these genetic factors or other factors reducing the criminal responsibility of a person? What should be discussed here is the functionality of the criteria used in the moral/mental assessment process for criminal responsibility of suspects with personality disorder. From the judicial process point of view, the most important instrument that a psychiatrist has in diagnosis is classification. Although some of them are defined by DSM IV, it is known that none of the personality disorders criteria could be fully settled today. The DSM system does not provide information on dysfunctions caused by partial diseases, so the related diagnoses can not solve judicial problems in legal cases. In such a case, how will it be decided whether the ability to comply with social norms has been reduced by personality disorders?
The Initial Experience of Trans-Rectal Ultrasound and Biopsy in Diagnosis of Carcinoma Prostate In Gezira Hospital For Renal Disease And Surgery (GHRDS)
Authors: Ibraheem Walaa Eldin , Taha Sami Mahjoub , Mansour Mustafa Omran , Mohamed Ahmed Mohammed El Imam 
Published: June 2017

Background: Prostate cancer prevalent cancer in males above sixty-five worldwide, this lead to the introduction of screening of the PSA and using of the transrectal ultrasound scanning, and sextant biopsy of the prostate.Objectives: To compare the accuracy of the Transrectal Ultrasound guided biopsy (TRUS/BX) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in Gezira Hospital for Renal Diseases and Surgery (GHRDS), with specific considerations to the digital rectal examination (DRE) findings and prostate specific antigen (PSA) level. .Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, descriptive small-scale hospital based study. A total of 297 patients with clinically symptomatic enlarged prostate underwent transrectal ultrasound guided true cut needle biopsy of the prostate were studied in (GHRDS) in the period from June2006 to June2009. Results: The majority 188 (63.3%) of patients were between 50-70 years of age. Abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) like obliteration of the median sulcus, and fixed mucosa revealed higher incidence of carcinoma prostate (CaP) with a significant value (p= 0.0000). PSA level showed significant relation (p= 0.0001) with the diagnosis of carcinoma prostate. Transrectal U/S findings well correlated to the histopathological results, where abnormal findings (like hypo-echoic lesions or calcifications and cysts) showed higher incidence of malignancy in 46 patients constitute 52.8% of the abnormal U/S findings.Conclusions and recommendations: PSA level is highly sensitive but less specific in detection of prostate cancer. Normal DRE doesn’t exclude prostate cancer, fixed mucosa and obliterated median sulcus has the highest predictors of cancer prostate in DRE. Presence of calcifications and cyst on trans-rectal ultrasound has the highest liability for cancer prostate in compare to the other ultrasonic findings. Key words: Prostate cancer, DRE, PSA level, TRUS/ BX (Transrectal ultra sound biopsy), sextant biopsy.
Comparative Study on different Steganographic Techniques
Authors: Gurpreet Kaur Rashmeet Kaur Chawla, 
Published: June 2017

The high speed digital world of today has eased the process of data transmission. Today, large amount of data can be transferred in small amount of time which has raised a big question on the secrecy of data, since it can easily be accessed by any third party. Digital Steganography is the science that involves communicating secret data in an appropriate multimedia carrier such that the existence of communication is hidden.
The art of information hiding has gained much importance in past few years because after having solved the issue of speed and amount of data to be transferred, the other big concern is the security of that data as the information is being transmitted via common channels of communication. Steganography is a technology where data compression, cryptography and information theory like methods are brought together to provide the required amount of secrecy to transfer data.
Classification of steganography techniques into multiple categories is based on the cover modification applied in the embedding process and the type of cover used for secret communication. This is totally a review paper, in which we provide the comparison of available steganography methods of hiding text in an image file, audio file, text file or a video file using some basic techniques namely Substitution System, Transform Domain, Spread Spectrum technique, Statistical Method, Distortions Technique and Cover Generating Methods which are categorised accordingly in their respective domains. These types of files act as a cover file for sending the secret message in embedded form.
Importance of play school in child development
Authors: Maheshwari Mamta 
Published: June 2017

A play school is a place where around 10-20 children spend 1-2 hours each day under the supervision of a couple of teachers. "The supervisor-child ratio should ideally be around 1:10". The play schools have a lot to offer, and that the play schools should not be aimed at developing academic skills like reading and writing. There should be no set goals or any stress on performance; the focus should be on the sensory-motor development and the social development of the child. I am very much an advocate of play schools since they develop age-appropriate behavior at the right time