bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of the V-ATPase by Archazolid A: A New Strategy to Inhibit EMT
Authors: Merk Henriette , Messer Philipp , Ardelt Maximilian A. , Lamb Don C. , Zahler Stefan , Müller Rolf , Vollmar Angelika M. , Pachmayr Johanna 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) induces tumor-initiating cells (TIC), which account for tumor recurrence, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Strategies to interfere with EMT are rare but urgently needed to improve cancer therapy. By using the myxobacterial natural compound Archazolid A as a tool, we elucidate the V-ATPase, a multimeric proton pump that regulates lysosomal acidification, as a crucial player in EMT and identify the inhibition of V-ATPase by Archazolid A as a promising strategy to block EMT. Genetic knockdown and pharmacologic inhibition of the V-ATPase by Archazolid A interfere with the EMT process and inhibit TIC generation, as shown by a reduced formation of mammospheres and decreased cell motility. As an underlying mechanism, V-ATPase inhibition by Archazolid A disturbs the turnover of E-cadherin: Archazolid abrogates E-cadherin loss during EMT by interfering with its internalization and recycling. Our study elucidates V-ATPase as essential player in EMT by regulating E-cadherin turnover. Archazolid A is suggested as a promising therapeutic agent to block EMT and the generation of TICs. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2329–39. ©2017 AACR.
Chronic Rejection of Cardiac Allografts Is Associated With Increased Lymphatic Flow and Cellular Trafficking
Authors: Edwards Lindsey A. , Nowocin Anna K. , Jafari Nazila V. , Meader Lucy L. , Brown Kathryn , Sarde Aurélien , Lam Carolyn , Murray Alex , Wong Wilson 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Cardiac transplantation is an excellent treatment for end-stage heart disease. However, rejection of the donor graft, in particular, by chronic rejection leading to cardiac allograft vasculopathy, remains a major cause of graft loss. The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the alloimmune response, facilitating trafficking of antigen-presenting cells to draining lymph nodes. The encounter of antigen-presenting cells with T lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs is essential for the initiation of alloimmunity. Donor lymphatic vessels are not anastomosed to that of the recipient during transplantation. The pathophysiology of lymphatic disruption is unknown, and whether this disruption enhances or hinders the alloimmune responses is unclear. Although histological analysis of lymphatic vessels in donor grafts can yield information on the structure of the lymphatics, the function following cardiac transplantation is poorly understood.

Methods:
Using single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography lymphoscintigraphy, we quantified the lymphatic flow index following heterotrophic cardiac transplantation in a murine model of chronic rejection.

Results:

Ten weeks following transplantation of a minor antigen (HY) sex-mismatched heart graft, the lymphatic flow index was significantly increased in comparison with sex-matched controls. Furthermore, the enhanced lymphatic flow index correlated with an increase in donor cells in the mediastinal draining lymph nodes; increased lymphatic vessel area; and graft infiltration of CD4
+
, CD8
+
T cells, and CD68
+
macrophages.

Conclusions:
Chronic rejection results in increased lymphatic flow from the donor graft to draining lymph nodes, which may be a factor in promoting cellular trafficking, alloimmunity, and cardiac allograft vasculopathy.
Ectopy on a Single 12‐Lead ECG, Incident Cardiac Myopathy, and Death in the Community
Authors: Nguyen Kaylin T. , Vittinghoff Eric , Dewland Thomas A. , Dukes Jonathan W. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Stein Phyllis K. , Gottdiener John S. , Alonso Alvaro , Chen Lin Y. , Psaty Bruce M. , Heckbert Susan R. , Marcus Gregory M. 
Published: August 2017

Background

Atrial fibrillation and heart failure are 2 of the most common diseases, yet ready means to identify individuals at risk are lacking. The 12‐lead
ECG
is one of the most accessible tests in medicine. Our objective was to determine whether a premature atrial contraction observed on a standard 12‐lead
ECG
would predict atrial fibrillation and mortality and whether a premature ventricular contraction would predict heart failure and mortality.

Methods and Results

We utilized the CHS (Cardiovascular Health) Study, which followed 5577 participants for a median of 12 years, as the primary cohort. The ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study), the replication cohort, captured data from 15 792 participants over a median of 22 years. In the
CHS
, multivariable analyses revealed that a baseline 12‐lead
ECG
premature atrial contraction predicted a 60% increased risk of atrial fibrillation (hazard ratio, 1.6; 95%
CI,
1.3–2.0;
P
<0.001) and a premature ventricular contraction predicted a 30% increased risk of heart failure (hazard ratio, 1.3; 95%
CI
, 1.0–1.6;
P
=0.021). In the negative control analyses, neither predicted incident myocardial infarction. A premature atrial contraction was associated with a 30% increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.3; 95%
CI,
1.1–1.5;
P
=0.008) and a premature ventricular contraction was associated with a 20% increased risk of death (hazard ratio, 1.2; 95%
CI,
1.0–1.3;
P
=0.044). Similarly statistically significant results for each analysis were also observed in
ARIC
.

Conclusions

Based on a single standard
ECG
, a premature atrial contraction predicted incident atrial fibrillation and death and a premature ventricular contraction predicted incident heart failure and death, suggesting that this commonly used test may predict future disease.
Temporal Anticipation Based on Memory
Authors: Cravo André M. , Rohenkohl Gustavo , Santos Karin Moreira , Nobre Anna C. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The fundamental role that our long-term memories play in guiding perception is increasingly recognized, but the functional and neural mechanisms are just beginning to be explored. Although experimental approaches are being developed to investigate the influence of long-term memories on perception, these remain mostly static and neglect their temporal and dynamic nature. Here, we show that our long-term memories can guide attention proactively and dynamically based on learned temporal associations. Across two experiments, we found that detection and discrimination of targets appearing within previously learned contexts are enhanced when the timing of target appearance matches the learned temporal contingency. Neural markers of temporal preparation revealed that the learned temporal associations trigger specific temporal predictions. Our findings emphasize the ecological role that memories play in predicting and preparing perception of anticipated events, calling for revision of the usual conceptualization of contextual associative memory as a reflective and retroactive function.
Factors Controlling Rain on Small Tropical Islands: Diurnal Cycle, Large-Scale Wind Speed, and Topography
Authors: Wang Shuguang , Sobel Adam H. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A set of idealized cloud-permitting simulations is performed to explore the influence of small islands on precipitating convection as a function of large-scale wind speed. The islands are situated in a long narrow ocean domain that is in radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE) as a whole, constraining the domain-average precipitation. The island occupies a small part of the domain, so that significant precipitation variations over the island can occur, compensated by smaller variations over the larger surrounding oceanic area.
While the prevailing wind speeds vary over flat islands, three distinct flow regimes occur. Rainfall is greatly enhanced, and a local symmetric circulation is formed in the time mean around the island, when the prevailing large-scale wind speed is small. The rainfall enhancement over the island is much reduced when the wind speed is increased to a moderate value. This difference is characterized by a change in the mechanisms by which convection is forced. A thermally forced sea breeze due to surface heating dominates when the large-scale wind is weak. Mechanically forced convection, on the other hand, is favored when the large-scale wind is moderately strong, and horizontal advection of temperature reduces the land–sea thermal contrast that drives the sea breeze. Further increases of the prevailing wind speed lead to strong asymmetry between the windward and leeward sides of the island, owing to gravity waves that result from the land–sea contrast in surface roughness as well as upward deflection of the horizontal flow by elevated diurnal heating. Small-amplitude topography (up to 800-m elevation is considered) has a quantitative impact but does not qualitatively alter the flow regimes or their dependence on wind speed.
Care coordinator views and experiences of physical health monitoring in clients with severe mental illness: A qualitative study
Authors: Gronholm Petra C , Onagbesan Oluwadamilola , Gardner-Sood Poonam 
Published: August 2017

Background: Excess mortality among people with severe mental illness (SMI) is largely attributed to co-morbid physical illness. Improving the physical health of this population is critically important; however, physical health monitoring among people with SMI is often inadequate. Aims: This study aimed to facilitate an enhanced understanding of barriers to successfully attend to clients’ physical health in mental health settings, through exploring care coordinators’ views and experiences regarding their ability to monitor physical health in clients with SMI (specifically, psychosis). Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven care coordinators from a South East London (UK) community mental health team. Data were analysed using thematic analysis principles. Results: Three themes were identified in these data, capturing (1) how care coordinators viewed the professional roles of other clinical staff and themselves, (2) views on barriers to the provision of physical healthcare and (3) factors that motivated care coordinators to attend to clients’ physical health. Conclusion: Our findings can inform efforts to implement physical healthcare interventions within mental health settings. Such insights are timely, as academic literature and guidelines regarding clinical practice increasingly promote the value of integrated provision of mental and physical healthcare.
Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Phosphate Binders in Hyperphosphatemia Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Yang Xiuqin , Bai Qingning , Li Yanguo , Liu Haijun , Guo Haiying , Zhang Xiaolei 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground: In this study, we coordinated a network meta‐analysis to establish the efficacy and safety of different agents used in the treatment of hyperphosphatemia patients with chronic kidney disease. Methods: PubMed, CNKI, and Embase were systematically searched to retrieve relevant studies. Outcomes were presented by mean differences, odds ratios, and corresponding 95% credible intervals for continuous outcomes and binary outcomes, respectively. Each therapy was ranked according to the value of surface under the cumulative ranking curve. Consistencies between direct and indirect comparisons were assessed with a node‐splitting plot. Results: In terms of efficacy end points (including levels of serum phosphate, serum calcium, serum intact parathyroid hormone, and serum calcium × phosphorus product), all 7 kinds of agents outperformed or performed at least equally to placebo, with iron‐based phosphate‐binding agents being potentially the most effective. As for safety end points (including mortality, adverse events, and all‐cause discontinuation), almost all agents were equivalent in term of mortality and all‐cause discontinuation except in the comparison between iron‐based phosphate‐binding agents and placebo. Meanwhile, iron‐based phosphate‐binding agents colestilan and nicotinic acid performed poorly compared with placebo in terms of adverse events. Furthermore, iron‐based phosphate‐binding agents were potentially the safest agents followed sequentially by calcium‐based phosphate‐binding agents and placebo. Conclusion: Iron‐based phosphate‐binding agents were the preferable agents when considering efficacy and safety simultaneously.
An investigation of skin perfusion in venous leg ulcer after exercise
Authors: Mutlak Omar , Aslam Mohammed , Standfield Nigel J. 
Published: August 2017

Introduction: A venous leg ulcer (VLU) has a major impact on the quality of life and functional ability of individuals, but no single treatment is yet effective. This study investigates the changes induced by dorsiflexion exercise on skin perfusion in VLU patients to achieve a better understanding of venous ulcer pathophysiology. Methods: Seventy-eight venous leg ulcer patients were randomised into four groups. The non-exercise groups included a control group (n = 18) and a compression therapy group (n = 20) and the exercise groups included an exercise-only group (n = 20) and a compression and exercise group (n = 20). The exercise groups were expected to perform exercise for three months. Measurements included transcutaneous oximetry (tcPO2) and laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Skin perfusion measurements for all groups were taken twice: at the beginning and end of the three-month period. Results: Initially, all participants showed a low level of tcPO2. The exercise groups showed a significant increase after three months of exercise (p<0.001), the tcPO2 level remained the same in the non-exercise groups. The LDF parameters decreased significantly (p<0.001) in the compression and exercise group and decreased to a lesser extent in the exercise-only group. There were no LDF changes in the non-exercise groups. Conclusions: Perfusion measurements showed significant changes after three months of regular exercise. We conclude that exercise has a significant effect on tissue perfusion parameters in venous leg ulcer and this effect may play a role in understanding the pathophysiology of VLU.
Shoulder Bone Geometry Affects the Active and Passive Axial Rotational Range of the Glenohumeral Joint
Authors: Humphries Alexander , Cirovic Srdjan , Shaheen Aliah F. 
Published: August 2017

Background:The range of motion of the glenohumeral joint varies substantially among individuals and is dependent on humeral position. How variation in shape of the humerus and scapula affects shoulder axial range of motion at various positions has not been established.Purpose:To quantify variation in the shape of the glenohumeral joint and investigate whether the scapula and humerus geometries affect the axial rotational range of the glenohumeral joint.Study Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Methods:The range of active and passive internal-external rotation of the glenohumeral joint was quantified for 10 asymptomatic participants with optical motion tracking at 60º, 90º, and 120º humeral elevations in the coronal, scapular, and sagittal planes. Bone geometrical parameters were acquired from shoulder magnetic resonance image scans, and correlations between geometrical parameters and maximum internal and external rotations were investigated. Three-dimensional participant-specific models of the humerus and scapula were used to identify collisions between bones at the end of range.Results:Maximum internal and external rotations of the glenohumeral joint were correlated to geometric parameters and were limited by bony collisions. Generally, the active axial rotational range was greater with increased articular cartilage and glenoid curvature, while a shorter acromion resulted in greater passive range. Greater internal rotation was correlated with a greater glenoid depth and curvature in the scapular plane ( r = 0.76, P < .01, at 60° of elevation), a greater subacromial depth in the coronal plane ( r = 0.74, P < .01, at 90° of elevation), and a greater articular cartilage curvature in the sagittal plane ( r = 0.75, P < .01, at 90° of elevation). At higher humeral elevations, a greater subacromial depth and shorter acromion allowed a greater range of motion.Conclusion:The study strongly suggests that specific bony constraints restrict the maximum internal and external rotations achieved in active and passive glenohumeral movement.Clinical Relevance:This study identifies bony constraints that limit the range of motion of the glenohumeral joint. This information can be used to predict full range of motion and set patient-specific rehabilitation targets for those recovering from shoulder disorders. It can improve positioning and choice of shoulder implants during preoperative planning by considering points of collision that could limit range of motion.
Value of troponin levels in the diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction in moderate scorpion envenomation
Authors: Chakroun-Walha O , Karray R , Jerbi M , Ben Rebeh A , Jammeli C , Bahloul M , Ammar R , Chabchoub I , Bouaziz M , Nasri A , Rekik N 
Published: August 2017

Context: Cardiac dysfunction is one of the most serious consequences of scorpion envenomation. The best tool to evaluate cardiac function is echocardiography, but it is not available at all emergency departments. Many studies aimed to describe biological predictive factors of cardiac dysfunction in scorpion envenomation. Troponin is one of these biomarkers but its correlation with myocarditis is not well established. The aim of this study was to evaluate correlation between troponin levels and cardiac dysfunction in moderate scorpion envenomation. Methods: A retrospective monocentric study including patients admitted in the emergency department for moderate scorpion envenomation with troponin measurement during their early management. On arrival, an electrocardiogram and a chest X-ray were realized for all patients. Results: We enrolled 132 patients with a mean age at 31.3 ± 24.4 years and a 1.35 sex-ratio. All patients had moderate systemic manifestations. There were 28 patients with clinical manifestations of cardiac dysfunction without life-threatening troubles (21.2%). Troponin was undetectable in 69 patients (56%). The mean value of troponin level (pg/ml) was higher in patients with clinical manifestations of left ventricular dysfunction (1.80 ± 3.8 vs. 0.11 ± 0.5; p = 0.02). Troponin levels were significantly higher in patients with positive T wave on electrocardiogram. Conclusion: In patients with moderate scorpion envenomation with positive T wave, high values of troponin suggest the presence of cardiac dysfunction.
Principals’ leadership in Mexican upper high schools: The paradoxes between rules and practices
Authors: Santizo Rodall Claudia A , Ortega Salazar Sylvia B 
Published: August 2017

This article discusses the type of organization and leadership that underlies a competency-based management rule established in Mexico (2008) applicable to principals in public upper high schools. This rule, identified as the 449 Agreement, describes competencies and communicates expected behavior. Implementation, however, is mediated by the principals’ interpretation, as found in the semi-structured interviews conducted with a group of selected acting principals. The analysis of this management rule is based on a theory of decision-making and a theory of organizations where different assumptions on peoples’ behavior are made. We provide evidence to support the contention that each school principal acts according to its context, and that compliance with the Agreement is not facilitated by its rules design. We conclude that the rules design of the competency-based management model in question is dominated by a perspective of personal heroic leadership that assumes an omniscient and omnipresent manager and that also promotes a centralized management model for all schools. In future research, inquiry could focus on the question of whether transformational leadership based on motivation and instructional leadership based on guidance and coaching for teachers could also be nurtured by rules compatible with the pervasive normative leadership type.
Predicting two-year mortality from discharge after acute coronary syndrome: An internationally-based risk score
Authors: Pocock Stuart J , Huo Yong , Van de Werf Frans , Newsome Simon , Chin Chee Tang , Vega Ana Maria , Medina Jesús , Bueno Héctor 
Published: August 2017

Background: Long-term risk of post-discharge mortality associated with acute coronary syndrome remains a concern. The development of a model to reliably estimate two-year mortality risk from hospital discharge post-acute coronary syndrome will help guide treatment strategies. Methods: EPICOR (long-tErm follow uP of antithrombotic management patterns In acute CORonary syndrome patients, NCT01171404) and EPICOR Asia (EPICOR Asia, NCT01361386) are prospective observational studies of 23,489 patients hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome event, who survived to discharge and were then followed up for two years. Patients were enrolled from 28 countries across Europe, Latin America and Asia. Risk scoring for two-year all-cause mortality risk was developed using identified predictive variables and forward stepwise Cox regression. Goodness-of-fit and discriminatory power was estimated. Results: Within two years of discharge 5.5% of patients died. We identified 17 independent mortality predictors: age, low ejection fraction, no coronary revascularization/thrombolysis, elevated serum creatinine, poor EQ-5D score, low haemoglobin, previous cardiac or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, elevated blood glucose, on diuretics or an aldosterone inhibitor at discharge, male sex, low educational level, in-hospital cardiac complications, low body mass index, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction diagnosis, and Killip class. Geographic variation in mortality risk was seen following adjustment for other predictive variables. The developed risk-scoring system provided excellent discrimination ( c-statistic=0.80, 95% confidence interval=0.79–0.82) with a steep gradient in two-year mortality risk: >25% (top decile) vs. ~1% (bottom quintile). A simplified risk model with 11 predictors gave only slightly weaker discrimination ( c-statistic=0.79, 95% confidence interval =0.78–0.81). Conclusions: This risk score for two-year post-discharge mortality in acute coronary syndrome patients ( www.acsrisk.org ) can facilitate identification of high-risk patients and help guide tailored secondary prevention measures.
A slave ants based ant colony optimization algorithm for task scheduling in cloud computing environments
Authors: Moon YoungJu , Yu HeonChang , Gil Joon-Min , Lim JongBeom 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSince cloud computing provides computing resources on a pay per use basis, a task scheduling algorithm directly affects the cost for users. In this paper, we propose a novel cloud task scheduling algorithm based on ant colony optimization that allocates tasks of cloud users to virtual machines in cloud computing environments in an efficient manner. To enhance the performance of the task scheduler in cloud computing environments with ant colony optimization, we adapt diversification and reinforcement strategies with slave ants. The proposed algorithm solves the global optimization problem with slave ants by avoiding long paths whose pheromones are wrongly accumulated by leading ants.