bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elicitor‐mediated simultaneous accumulation of phloridzin and ursolic acid in Annurca apple peel‐derived calli
Authors: Laezza Carmen , Maisto Maria , Imbimbo Paola , Monti Daria Maria , Verrillo Mariavittoria , Di Loria Antonio , Monti Simona Maria , Marzocchi Adua , Grieco Paolo , Tenore Gian Carlo , D'Amelia Vincenzo , Rigano Maria Manuela 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDApple peel is rich in natural molecules, many exhibiting a significant bioactivity. In this study, our objective was to establish a novel callus line derived from the apple peel of the Italian local variety Annurca, known to accumulate high levels of dihydrochalcones and terpenes. In this regard, we tested the impact of one elicitor, yeast extract, on the expression of genes encoding key enzymes involved in phloridzin and ursolic acid biosynthesis, leading to the accumulation of these antioxidant compounds. We also assessed the bioactivity of callus extracts enriched in these phytochemicals.RESULTSAfter the elicitation, data showed increased expression of genes directly related to the synthesis of phloridzin and ursolic acid that were found to accumulate within the cultures. This presumably could explain the remarkable activity of extracts from the elicited‐calli in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. Also, the extracts enriched in antioxidant compounds inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in human cells exposed to ultraviolet‐A (UV‐A) radiation.CONCLUSIONOur results underscore the vast potential of the Annurca apple peel cell line in producing natural compounds that can be employed as food components to promote human health. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis in symptomatic patients
Authors: Aboushaala Khaled , Chee Ana V. , Adnan Darbaz , Toro Sheila J. , Singh Harmanjeet , Savoia Andrew , Dhillon Ekamjeet S. , Yuh Catherine , Dourdourekas Jake , Patel Ishani K. , Vucicevic Rajko , Espinoza‐Orias Alejandro A. , Martin John T. , Oh Chundo , Keshavarzian Ali , Albert Hanne B. , Karppinen Jaro , Kocak Mehmet , Wong Arnold Y. L. , Goldberg Edward J. , Phillips Frank M. , Colman Matthew W. , Williams Frances M. K. , Borgia Jeffrey A. , Naqib Ankur , Green Stefan J. , Forsyth Christopher B. , An Howard S. , Samartzis Dino 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundLumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (LDS), characterized as degeneration of the intervertebral disc and structural changes of the facet joints, is a condition with varying degrees of instability that may lead to pain, canal stenosis, and subsequent surgical intervention. However, the etiology of LDS remains inconclusive. Gut microbiome dysbiosis may stimulate systemic inflammation in various disorders. However, the role of such dysbiosis upon spine health remains under‐studied. The current study assessed the association of gut microbiome dysbiosis in symptomatic patients with or without LDS.MethodsA cross‐sectional analysis within the framework of a prospective study was performed. DNA was extracted from fecal samples collected from adult symptomatic patients with (n = 21) and without LDS (n = 12). Alpha and beta diversity assessed differences in fecal microbial community between groups. Taxon‐by‐taxon analysis identified microbial features with differential relative abundance between groups. Subject demographics and imaging parameters were also assessed.ResultsThere was no significant group differences in age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking/alcohol history, pain profiles, spinopelvic alignment, and Modic changes (p >0.05). LDS subjects had significantly higher disc degeneration severity (p = 0.018) and alpha diversity levels compared to non‐LDS subjects (p = 0.002–0.003). Significant differences in gut microbial community structure were observed between groups (p = 0.046). Subjects with LDS exhibited distinct differences at the phylum level, with a significantly higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidota ratio compared to non‐LDS (p = 0.003). Differential relative abundance analysis identified six taxa with significant differences between the two groups, with LDS demonstrating an increase in putative pro‐inflammatory bacteria (Dialister, CAG‐352) and a decrease in anti‐inflammatory bacteria (Slackia, Escherichia‐Shigella).ConclusionThis study is the first to report a significant association of gut microbiome dysbiosis and LDS in symptomatic patients, noting pro‐inflammatory bacterial taxa. This work provides a foundation for future studies addressing the role of the gut microbiome in association with spine health and disease.
Preliminary Normative Reference Values of Validated FEES Scales in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Donohue Cara , Croft Kayla , Maristela Steven A. , Folsom Maureen , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Plowman Emily K. 
Published: October 2024

ObjectivesLimited normative reference data are available for validated outcomes of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). We aimed to examine healthy swallowing via FEES in community‐dwelling healthy adults to derive a preliminary reference dataset of normative validated FEES outcomes to guide clinical interpretation and diagnostic decision‐making.MethodsAdults with no history of dysphagia‐related disease underwent simultaneous videofluoroscopy and FEES imaging using a standardized 11‐item bolus protocol. Trained raters performed duplicate, independent, blinded ratings of the New Zealand Secretion Scale (NZSS), Penetration‐Aspiration Scale (PAS), and Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity‐FEES (DIGEST‐FEES) validated scales. Descriptive statistics were performed at the bolus (PAS) and participant level (NZSS, DIGEST‐FEES).Results361 swallows from 33 community‐dwelling adults (36.6 ± 14.7 years old) were analyzed. In rank order, distribution profiles were: (1) NZSS: 95% normal (NZSS = 0), 5% abnormal (NZSS = 4); (2) Worst PAS: 73% safe (PAS 1–2, n = 24), 21% penetration above the true vocal folds (PAS 3, n = 7), 6% deep penetration to the true vocal folds (PAS = 5, n = 2); (3) DIGEST‐FEES Safety Grades: 91% Grade 0 (normal, n = 30), 9% Grade 1 (mild impairment, n = 3); (4) DIGEST‐FEES Efficiency Grades: 73% Grade 0 (normal, n = 24), 24% Grade 1 (mild impairment, n = 8), 3% Grade 2 (moderate impairment, n = 1).ConclusionThis preliminary healthy FEES dataset highlights variation in swallowing safety and efficiency and suggests careful interpretation of FEES outcomes to avoid over‐pathologizing impairment. Future studies are warranted to obtain additional normative data in diverse populations to further understand normal variation in FEES outcomes to guide clinically meaningful diagnostic cut‐points.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 135:1034–1038, 2025
Retailer information sharing under manufacturer encroachment and production cost reduction
Authors: Li Zhibao , Wang Beifen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates retailer's sharing decisions concerning ex ante information about demand when the encroaching manufacturer can reduce production cost. Equilibrium information sharing decisions with encroachment are quite different from that with no encroachment. The encroaching manufacturer's cost reduction efficiency is key to determine equilibrium results, and these thresholds regarding cost reduction efficiency depend on competition intensity between the encroaching manufacturer's direct channel and retailer channel. Furthermore, through investigating the encroachment decisions of the manufacturer, we prove that the equilibrium information sharing decisions under encroachment is robust in general.
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) and market quality in emerging economies
Authors: Ghosh Dastidar Krishnendu , Yano Makoto 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn many emerging economies with antiquated laws, bribes paid to government officials reduce economic impediments and serve as a device to improve market competition, thereby contributing to the modernization of an economy. In this context, this paper uses a simple two‐stage game theoretic model to investigate the effects of the US Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) on such economies. We demonstrate, among others, that while an increase in fines under FCPA reduces overall corruption, it leads to a deterioration in the market quality in an emerging economy. In the presence of FCPA, an increase in the US firm's technological advantage unambiguously leads to a decrease in the market quality in an emerging economy.
Impacts of Photooxidation on Commercially Available Homo and Copolymers of Polypropylene on Their Microstructure and Mechanics: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis
Authors: Chiapasco Marta , Valsecchi Michele , Hill Gavin , Wallis Christopher , Porter Alexandra E. , Giuliani Finn 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPolyolefin degradation is widely studied to assess the lifetime of packaging materials. In this work, a combination of bulk (DSC, GPC, 13C‐NMR, XRD), surface (FTIR) and cross‐sectional characterization (Raman spectroscopy and nanoindentation) was used to examine changes in the mechanical properties and microstructure of two different commercially‐available polyolefins, with similar crystallinities, produced by injection molding—a polypropylene homopolymer (PPH) and a polypropylene random copolymer (PPRC)—aged under accelerated UV‐A conditions. The aim was to characterize the variations in the crystallinity and microstructure across the cross‐section of these materials. Our results suggest that the presence of ethylene comonomer units in PPRC results, on average, in smaller crystal dimensions, leads to improved packing, and a more homogeneous microstructure and hardness across the cross‐section of the sample. The ethylene monomers stabilize PPRC from oxidation during the first 14 days of accelerated aging, but eventually the rate of degradation matches the PPH at 28 days of aging, probably because of the higher surface area to volume ratio of the smaller crystals. The work emphasizes the importance of incorporating ethylene comonomers into polyolefins to limit variation of the microstructure across the core to the skin layer, for improved future design of packaging that degrades fully.
Exploring the Efficacy of Artificial Intelligence: A Comprehensive Analysis of CHAT‐GPT's Accuracy and Completeness in Addressing Urinary Incontinence Queries
Authors: Barbosa‐Silva Jordana , Driusso Patricia , Ferreira Elizabeth A. , de Abreu Raphael M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundArtificial intelligence models are increasingly gaining popularity among patients and healthcare professionals. While it is impossible to restrict patient's access to different sources of information on the Internet, healthcare professional needs to be aware of the content‐quality available across different platforms.ObjectiveTo investigate the accuracy and completeness of Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT) in addressing frequently asked questions related to the management and treatment of female urinary incontinence (UI), compared to recommendations from guidelines.MethodsThis is a cross‐sectional study. Two researchers developed 14 frequently asked questions related to UI. Then, they were inserted into the ChatGPT platform on September 16, 2023. The accuracy (scores from 1 to 5) and completeness (score from 1 to 3) of ChatGPT's answers were assessed individually by two experienced researchers in the Women's Health field, following the recommendations proposed by the guidelines for UI.ResultsMost of the answers were classified as “more correct than incorrect” (n = 6), followed by “incorrect information than correct” (n = 3), “approximately equal correct and incorrect” (n = 2), “near all correct” (n = 2, and “correct” (n = 1). Regarding the appropriateness, most of the answers were classified as adequate, as they provided the minimum information expected to be classified as correct.ConclusionThese results showed an inconsistency when evaluating the accuracy of answers generated by ChatGPT compared by scientific guidelines. Almost all the answers did not bring the complete content expected or reported in previous guidelines, which highlights to healthcare professionals and scientific community a concern about using artificial intelligence in patient counseling.
31P multi‐echo MRSI with low B1+ dual‐band refocusing RF pulses
Authors: Shams Zahra , van der Kemp Wybe J. M. , Klomp Dennis W. J. , Wiegers Evita C. , Wijnen Jannie P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) can spectrally resolve metabolites involved in phospholipid metabolism whose levels are altered in many cancers. Ultra‐high field facilitates the detection of phosphomonoesters (PMEs) and phosphodiesters (PDEs) with increased SNR and spectral resolution. Utilizing multi‐echo MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) further enhances SNR and enables T2 information estimation per metabolite.To address the specific absorption rate (SAR) challenges associated with high‐power demanding adiabatic or composite block pulses in multi‐echo phosphorus imaging, we present a dual‐band refocusing RF pulse designed for operation at B1 amplitudes of 14.8 μT which holds potential for integration into multi‐echo sequences.Phantom and in vivo experiments conducted in the brain at 7 Tesla validated the effectiveness of this low‐power dual‐band RF pulse. Furthermore, we implemented the dual‐band RF pulse into a multi‐echo MRSI sequence where it offered the potential to increase the number of echo pulses within the same acquisition time compared to high‐power adiabatic implementation, demonstrating its feasibility and practicality.
Distinct functional connectivity phenotypes in preadolescent children with binge eating disorder by BMI status
Authors: Steward Trevor , Jann Kay , Murray Stuart B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe neurobiological mechanisms underpinning binge eating disorder (BED) in children remain largely unclear, as the alterations that have been identified to date may be attributable to BED, obesity, or compound effects. This study aimed to delineate functional connectivity (FC) patterns in inhibitory control and reward networks in preadolescent children with and without BED from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study according to BMI.MethodsResting‐state FC was examined in the inhibitory control network by using seeds in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex, whereas the reward network included seeds in the orbitofrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala. Seed‐to‐voxel analyses characterized FC differences between preadolescent children with BED with a high BMI and those with BED with a low BMI.ResultsWe identified that BED was characterized by reduced connectivity between the reward network and regions in the default mode network, irrespective of weight status. Participants with BED also presented with hypoconnectivity in fronto‐amygdalar circuits, which has been consistently associated with impaired emotion regulation capacity.ConclusionsOur findings support that FC alterations between the reward network and the default mode network may be specifically impacted by the presence of BED as opposed to weight status.
Ischemia‐Free Kidney Transplantation From Deceased Donor Kidneys: The First Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yu Shuangjin , Chen Haiwei , Wu Guobin , Chen Tong , He Yu , Tu Yizhong , Lai Weijie , Deng Ronghai , Wu Chenglin , Chen Lizhong , Wang Changxi , He Xiaoshun , Qiu Jiang , Chen Guodong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ischemia‐free kidney transplantation (IFKT) in preventing ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI), a common complication associated with organ transplantation.MethodsTwelve kidneys were obtained from six donors and divided into two groups: the IFKT and the conventional kidney transplantation (CKT) group. The left kidneys underwent conventional cold perfusion and storage, while the right kidneys were procured using normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) to maintain uninterrupted blood supply. Perfusion parameters, metabolic and electrolyte parameters in the perfusate and urine, along with post‐transplant clinical data of the recipients, were collected for subsequent analysis.ResultsPerfusion flow rates varied from 100 to 300 mL/min under a pressure of 65 mmHg across different donor kidneys. Biochemical parameters such as the pH value, oxygen partial pressure, and electrolyte levels, including Na+ and K+ concentrations in the perfusate, remained stable within physiological ranges during NMP. Urine samples demonstrated significantly lower pH values, reduced Na+ concentrations, and elevated K+ concentrations compared to the perfusate, indicating effective kidney function in acid excretion, sodium retention, and potassium excretion during NMP. All patients survived, and the kidney grafts showed satisfactory function during the 12‐month follow‐up period. Clinical outcomes for recipients in the IFKT group were comparable to those in the CKT group, including similar rates of patient and graft survival at 1 year, as well as equivalent serum creatinine levels and eGFR at 1, 3, 6, and 12 post‐transplantation. Delayed graft function (DGF) occurred in one case (16.67%) from the same donor in both groups. One patient in the IFKT group experienced acute rejection, while no instances of primary graft nonfunction or other complications were observed in either group.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the kidneys maintained in a physiological environment through NMP exhibit stable function, and post‐transplant allograft function is comparable between IFKT and CKT. The IFKT procedure demonstrates both feasibility and safety, presenting a promising approach to effectively mitigating IRI in kidney transplantation.
Confined Placental Mosaicism Detected With Non‐Invasive Prenatal Testing: Is There an Association Between Mosaic Ratio and Pregnancy Outcome?
Authors: Eggenhuizen Geerke M. , Go Attie T. J. I. , Hoffer Mariëtte J. V. , Goedegebuur‐Zwalua Eveline , Srebniak Malgorzata I. , Van Opstal Diane 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveConfined placental mosaicism (CPM) is associated with an increased risk for pregnancy complications, such as fetal growth restriction (FGR), preterm birth and hypertensive disorders. Pregnancies with possible CPM can be identified with non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). We performed a retrospective cohort study to investigate whether the mosaic ratio, as calculated with the Veriseq v2 used for NIPT, can predict adverse pregnancy outcomes in cases of CPM.MethodA mosaic ratio for trisomies detected by NIPT and obstetric data such as fetal growth, structural fetal anomalies and birthweight were retrospectively studied in a cohort of patients with CPM diagnosed between February 2021 and October 2023. Structural and sex chromosomal aberrations were not included in this study.ResultsOf 122 CPM cases, 52 cases (42.6%) showed adverse perinatal outcomes, including FGR, low birthweight, hypertensive disorders, or preterm birth. A significantly higher mosaic ratio was found in the adverse outcome group compared to those with normal outcome, but a clear‐cut threshold could not be set, except potentially for trisomy 16.ConclusionThere is an association between the mosaic ratio and adverse pregnancy outcomes in cases of CPM. However, without a clear‐cut threshold, it cannot be used for the individual patient for differentiation between CPM with and without clinical consequences.
Investigations on Electrochemical Activity of Polycarbazole/Cadmium Sulfide/Hematite Iron (III) Oxide (PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3) Nanocomposite Electrode for Supercapacitors
Authors: Gunasekaran Roshini , Charles Julie , Gopal Satheesh Kumar 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA novel ternary polycarbazole/cadmium sulfide/hematite iron (III) oxide (PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3) nanocomposite was synthesized through in situ chemical polymerization method. The phase structure and morphology of PCz, PCz/CdS, PCz/α‐Fe2O3, and PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 were analyzed using XRD and FESEM techniques. From HR‐TEM study, particle size of PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 nanocomposite was found to be 68.09 nm. The chemical composition and the binding energy of the elements present in PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 nanocomposite were examined through XPS. BET studies revealed the mesoporous nature of PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 with a large surface area (35.51 m2 g−1) compared to PCz/α‐Fe2O3 (21.52 m2 g−1) and PCz/CdS (7.47 m2 g−1) nanocomposites. Cyclic voltammetric studies revealed the highest specific capacitance (634.14 Fg−1) of ternary PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 electrode in KOH electrolyte in comparison to H2SO4 (49.44 Fg−1) and Na2SO4 (79.94 Fg−1) electrolytes at a scan rate of 3 mVs−1. Cyclic stability test indicated a high capacitive retentivity of PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 (97%) electrode than PCz/CdS (90%) and PCz/α‐Fe2O3 (93%) electrodes after completion of 2000 cycles. From EIS, PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 displayed a low ESR value (1.35 Ω) than the binary electrodes; the value increased slightly after the cyclic stability analysis. All these indicate the effectiveness of PCz/CdS/α‐Fe2O3 as a suitable electrode for supercapacitors.
Haemophilus influenzae and pneumococci: Co‐colonization, interactions, cooperation and competition
Authors: McMahon Finn , Ware Robert S. , Grimwood Keith , Atack John M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) are pathobionts that share common environmental niches within the upper respiratory tract. They can form part of the resident upper airway microbiota, but under certain environmental circumstances become pathogenic and induce disease. In children, both organisms have a considerable impact on the healthcare system, commonly causing acute otitis media and pneumonia. They are also associated with chronic biofilm‐mediated respiratory infections, such as persistent middle ear effusions and chronic suppurative otitis media, and in the lower airways with protracted bacterial bronchitis and bronchiectasis. Consequently, both organisms are responsible for large numbers of antibiotic prescriptions and substantial healthcare costs. The complex relationship between NTHi and pneumococcal co‐interaction during colonization, infection and biofilm formation is poorly understood and a greater understanding is needed to facilitate development of future therapies, and novel interventions and prevention strategies. Co‐infections with both bacteria can result in more severe disease, with disease severity likely mediated by their ability to cooperate in some in vivo niches. However, this relationship is not always straightforward, as under certain conditions, these two bacteria compete rather than cooperate. Current opinion supports developing a vaccine targeting NTHi strains, as well as a combined vaccine targeting both NTHi and pneumococci to decrease the respiratory disease burden in young children. This review summarizes our current knowledge of the interactions between NTHi and pneumococci and speculates on the future directions of research to understand how these bacteria co‐exist and how to better prevent and treat NTHi and pneumococcal infection.