bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Person-centred rehabilitation: what exactly does it mean? Protocol for a scoping review with thematic analysis towards framing the concept and practice of person-centred rehabilitation
Authors: Jesus Tiago S , Bright Felicity , Kayes Nicola , Cott Cheryl A 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionPerson-centredness is a philosophy for organising and delivering healthcare based on patients’ needs, preferences and experiences. Although widely endorsed, the concept suffers from a lack of detail and clarification, in turn accounting for ambiguous implementation and outcomes. While a conceptual framework based on a systematic review defines person/patient-centred care components (Schollet al, 2014), it applies across healthcare contexts and may not be sensitive to the nuances of the rehabilitation of adults with physical impairments. Accordingly, this study aims to build a conceptual framework, based on existing literature, of what person-centredness means in the rehabilitation of adults with physical impairments in the clinical encounter and broader health service delivery.Methods and analysisWe will use a scoping review methodology. Searches on relevant databases will be conducted first, combining keywords for ‘rehabilitation’, ‘person-centered’ and associated terms (including patient preferences/experiences). Next, snowball searches (citation tracking, references lists) will be performed. Papers will be included if they fall within predefined selection categories (seen as most likely informative on elements pertaining to person-centred rehabilitation) and are written in English, regardless of design (conceptual, qualitative, quantitative). Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts, followed by screening of the full text to determine inclusion. Experts will then be consulted to identify relevant missing papers. This can include elements other than the peer-reviewed literature (eg, book chapters, policy/legal papers). Finally, information that helps to build the concept and practice of person-centred rehabilitation will be abstracted independently by two reviewers and analysed by inductive thematic analysis to build the conceptual framework.DisseminationThe resulting framework will aid clarification regarding person-centred rehabilitation, which in turn is expected to conceptually ground and inform its operationalisation (eg, measurement, implementation, improvement). Findings will be disseminated through local, national and international stakeholders, both at the clinical and service organisation levels.
Does emergency physician empathy reduce thoughts of litigation? A randomised trial
Authors: Smith Dustin D , Kellar Jesse , Walters Elizabeth L , Reibling Ellen T , Phan Tammy , Green Steven M 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundWe hypothesised the addition of brief empathetic statements to physician–patient interaction might decrease thoughts regarding litigation.MethodsWe enrolled a convenience sample of adults in our emergency department (ED) waiting room into a randomised, double-blind controlled trial. Subjects watched videos of simulated discharge conversations between physicians and patient actors; half of the videos differed only by the inclusion of two brief empathetic statements: verbalisations that (1) the physician recognises that the patient is concerned about their symptoms and (2) the patient knows their typical state of health better than a physician seeing them for the first time and did the right thing by seeking evaluation. After watching the video subjects were asked to score a five-point Likert scale their thoughts regarding suing this physician in the event of a missed outcome leading to lost work (primary outcome), and four measures of satisfaction with the physician encounter (secondary outcomes).ResultsWe enrolled and randomised 437 subjects. 213 in the empathy group and 208 in the non-empathy group completed the trial. Sixteen subjects did not complete the trial due to computer malfunction or incomplete data sheets. Empathy group subjects reported statistically significant less thoughts of litigation than the non-empathy group (mean Likert scale 2.66 vs 2.95, difference −0.29, 95% CI −0.04 to −0.54, p=0.0176). All four secondary measures of satisfaction with the physician encounter were better in the empathy group.ConclusionsIn this study, the addition of brief empathetic statements to ED discharge scenarios was associated with a statistically significant reduction in thoughts regarding litigation.Clinical trial registrationNCT01837706.
Efficacy of a two-test protocol for achieving a therapeutic response to clopidogrel prior to elective endovascular intracranial aneurysm treatment and an ‘induced’ postoperative hyper-response
Authors: Kayan Yasha , Delgado Almandoz Josser E , Fease Jennifer L , Milner Anna M , Scholz Jill M , Mulder Maximilian 
Published: July 2016

IntroductionVariable response to clopidogrel can impact perioperative risk in elective endovascular intracranial aneurysm treatment. The present study aims to determine the efficacy of a two-test protocol in reaching in-range preoperative P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) of 60–240 and the rate of postoperative conversion to hyper-response.MethodsA 17-day two-test protocol (with tests on days 10 and 17) for patients starting clopidogrel in anticipation of elective endovascular intracranial aneurysm treatment was introduced in February 2013 at our institution. Records for patients started on this protocol through December 2014 were reviewed for preoperative and postoperative PRUs, patient and procedural data, and thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events within 30 days. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of postoperative hyper-response (p<0.05 considered significant).Results103 patients (80 women) of mean age 57 years were included. 74 patients (71.8%) were in range at the first test and 92 patients (89.3%) were in range at the second test. A postoperative test was performed in 82 patients (79.6%) at a median of 9 days. 51 patients (62.2%) converted into hyper-responders. There were five non-disabling strokes and one intracranial hemorrhage within 30 days. There were no major strokes (modified Rankin Scale score >2) or deaths. There was no association between out-of-range PRU and thromboembolic or hemorrhagic neurological complications.ConclusionsThe protocol achieves in-range preoperative PRU by the second test in almost nine of 10 patients. Nearly two-thirds of patients exhibited postoperative hyper-response to clopidogrel. Out-of-range PRU was not associated with thromboembolic or hemorrhagic neurological complications in this cohort of patients with actively managed P2Y12 inhibition.
Comprehensive Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Short‐Term Follow‐Up in Acute Myocarditis
Authors: Luetkens Julian A. , Homsi Rami , Dabir Darius , Kuetting Daniel L. , Marx Christian , Doerner Jonas , Schlesinger‐Irsch Ulrike , Andrié René , Sprinkart Alois M. , Schmeel Frederic C. , Stehning Christian , Fimmers Rolf , Gieseke Juergen , Naehle Claas P. , Schild Hans H. , Thomas Daniel K. 
Published: July 2016

Background

Cardiac magnetic resonance (
CMR
) can detect inflammatory myocardial alterations in patients suspected of having acute myocarditis. There is limited information regarding the degree of normalization of
CMR
parameters during the course of the disease and the time window during which quantitative
CMR
should be most reasonably implemented for diagnostic work‐up.

Methods and Results

Twenty‐four patients with suspected acute myocarditis and 45 control subjects underwent
CMR
. Initial
CMR
was performed 2.6±1.9 days after admission. Myocarditis patients underwent
CMR
follow‐up after 2.4±0.6, 5.5±1.3, and 16.2±9.9 weeks. The
CMR
protocol included assessment of standard Lake Louise criteria, T1 relaxation times, extracellular volume fraction, and T2 relaxation times. Group differences between myocarditis patients and control subjects were highest in the acute stage of the disease (
P
<0.001 for all parameters). There was a significant and consistent decrease in all inflammatory
CMR
parameters over the course of the disease (
P
<0.01 for all parameters). Myocardial T1 and T2 relaxation times—indicative of myocardial edema—were the only single parameters showing significant differences between myocarditis patients and control subjects on 5.5±1.3‐week follow‐up (T1: 986.5±44.4 ms versus 965.1±28.1 ms,
P
=0.022; T2: 55.5±3.2 ms versus 52.6±2.6 ms;
P
=0.001).

Conclusions

In patients with acute myocarditis,
CMR
markers of myocardial inflammation demonstrated a rapid and continuous decrease over several follow‐up examinations.
CMR
diagnosis of myocarditis should therefore be attempted at an early stage of the disease. Myocardial T1 and T2 relaxation times were the only parameters of active inflammation/edema that could discriminate between myocarditis patients and control subjects even at a convalescent stage of the disease.
Prior Antithrombotic Use Is Associated With Favorable Mortality and Functional Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Myint Phyo K. , Hellkamp Anne S. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Reeves Matthew J. , Schwamm Lee H. , Schulte Phillip J. , Xian Ying , Suter Robert E. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Peterson Eric D. , Smith Eric E. 
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—
Antithrombotics are the mainstay of treatment in primary and secondary prevention of stroke, and their use before an acute event may be associated with better outcomes.

Methods—
Using data from Get With The Guidelines-Stroke with over half a million acute ischemic strokes recorded between October 2011 and March 2014 (n=540 993) from 1661 hospitals across the United States, we examined the unadjusted and adjusted associations between previous antithrombotic use and clinical outcomes.

Results—
There were 250 104 (46%) stroke patients not receiving any antithrombotic before stroke; of whom approximately one third had a documented previous vascular indication. After controlling for clinical and hospital factors, patients who were receiving antithrombotics before stroke had better outcomes than those who did not, regardless of whether a previous vascular indication was present or not: adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) were 0.82 (0.80–0.84) for in-hospital mortality, 1.18 (1.16–1.19) for home as the discharge destination, 1.15 (1.13–1.16) for independent ambulatory status at discharge, and 1.15 (1.12–1.17) for discharge modified Rankin Scale score of 0 or 1.

Conclusions—
Previous antithrombotic therapy was independently associated with improved clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. Ensuring the use of antithrombotics in appropriate patient populations may be associated with benefits beyond stroke prevention.
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Incidence Is Higher Than Previously Thought
Authors: Devasagayam Sharon , Wyatt Ben , Leyden James , Kleinig Timothy 
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—
The incidence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) varies between studies, but it is estimated to be between 2 and 5 per million per year. A recent study in the Netherlands with comprehensive ascertainment suggested a much higher incidence. It is uncertain whether these differing estimates reflect the quality of ascertainment or true variation. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of CVT in Adelaide, using a novel clinical and radiological methodology.

Methods—

We retrospectively identified CVT
International Classification of Diseases-coded
cases from all Adelaide public hospitals from 2005 to 2011. We also searched all neuroimaging studies (259 101) from these hospitals for text variations containing venous thromb. All potential cases were reviewed, and cases of incident CVT ascertained. Associations and outcomes were determined.

Results—
Of 169 possible cases, 105 cases of CVT were confirmed (59 cases by both coding and neuroimaging, 40 from neuroimaging alone, and 6 from coding alone). In our population of 953 390 adults, this represented an incidence of 15.7 million per year (95% confidence interval, 12.9–19.0), the highest incidence reported. Of these cases, a possible procoagulant predisposition was identified in 48%. Fifty-five of 105 cases occurred in females. Relative risk of CVT in females of reproductive age was insignificantly higher than in males (1.18 [95% confidence interval, 0.94–1.48]).

Conclusions—
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in our study was more common than previously reported, perhaps because of more complete ascertainment. Future CVT incidence studies should include comprehensive capture and review of neuroimaging.
Aligning vertical structures and horizontal relationships: collaborative leadership and accountability mechanisms to enhance economic growth in England
Authors: Liddle Joyce 
Published: July 2016

This article explores vertical and horizontal dimensions of the work of public, private and civic leaders involved in economic development in England, in particular, those working in the complex terrain of Local Enterprise Partnerships, a key partnership tool in the UK central government’s localism agenda for driving growth. It offers insights into innovative ways in which state, non-state and citizen agents navigate a complex set of vertical, legal authority structures within fragmented, horizontal and largely informal new ‘spaces’ of interactions/interrelationships to collaboratively co-produce strategies and plans for transforming local areas. To advance our knowledge of collaborative leadership requires new methodological approaches to investigating multi-accountabilities and how co-production works within ‘loosely coupled’ networks. It is imperative to appreciate the problems associated with leadership working across sectoral boundaries within complex networks of vertical, legal structures and horizontal, informal action spaces. In such networks, leaders, as institutional representatives, work collaboratively to achieve objectives not readily attainable by member organisations acting alone. They also need to compromise and negotiate their representative role back to a parent organisation while protecting and promoting the priorities, aims and interests of the new entity, in this case, a Local Enterprise Partnership. Theoretically, then, the article is located in recent debates on the theory and practice of New Public Governance, to show the inadequacies of New Public Management models for capturing the complexities between formal authority structures and fragmented informal sets of relationships. It also draws on accountability models, notably, from the Utrecht School, to identify social relations between collaborative leaders on Local Enterprise Partnerships, and to show how they assert agency and individual actions within the boundaries of participating institutions. Points for practitioners The findings should benefit professionals, public managers and policymakers in understanding formal and informal linkages on partnerships for economic development. The article should facilitate an appreciation of the importance of greater accountability for actions in cross-boundary working. Moreover, in exploring vertical and horizontal dimensions of public, private and civic leadership in the complex terrain of Local Enterprise Partnerships, the findings show their feasibility as key vehicles to develop collaborative, co-produced strategies in transforming sub-national localities.
The Internal Brace for Midsubstance Achilles Ruptures
Authors: McWilliam James R. , Mackay Gordon 
Published: July 2016

The efficient and effective function of the Achilles tendon is essential for normal gait and sporting performance. The optimal technique for the operative repair of the Achilles midsubstance rupture remains controversial. Suboptimal outcomes are common even after successful Achilles repair. Factors contributing to poor outcomes include a tenuous soft tissue envelope (leading to wound complications, peritendinous adhesions, and poor tendon healing,) as well as failure to maintain appropriate musculotendinous length, even after successful repair. We present a new technique using the InternalBrace (IB) and a modification of the Percutaneous Achilles Repair System (PARS; Arthrex Inc, Naples, FL), the Achilles Mid-Substance Speed Bridge Repair. This IB approach is knotless, respects the soft tissue envelope, and allows the appropriate musculotendinous length to be set intraoperatively. The IB principle enables direct fixation to bone allowing early mobilization while minimizing the risk of knot slippage, accelerating recovery, and allowing for restoration of normal function. Level of Evidence: Level V, expert opinion.
Diffuse Cutaneous Bullous Mastocytosis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Postvaccination
Authors: Hudson Alexandra , Finlayson Laura 
Published: July 2016

Background: Diffuse cutaneous bullous mastocytosis is the most rare subtype of cutaneous mastocytosis, characterized by generalized skin infiltration with mast cells and blistering. Objective: To increase the awareness of the natural history and potential adverse complications of this rare cutaneous condition. Method and Results: We report a case of a male diagnosed on day 7 of life with follow-up of his progression over 6 years. When he was 2.5 months old, he was admitted to hospital postvaccinations with a flare of his blistering that was complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation and polyuric acute tubular necrosis. Blistering ceased at 3 years, but at 6 years, extensive urtication continued in response to known triggers and a suboptimal dose of mast cell membrane stabilizers and histamine-1 and -2 receptor antagonists. Conclusion: This case discusses the progression of this rare condition over 6 years and highlights the importance of reaching optimal pharmacologic blockage of histamine-1 and -2 receptors and stabilization of mast cell membranes in patients persistently experiencing ongoing pruritus, urtication, and flushing symptoms.
The influence of menu labelling on food choices among children and adolescents: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Sacco Jocelyn , Lillico Heather G , Chen Emily , Hobin Erin 
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Childhood obesity is a serious public health concern internationally, and population-level interventions are needed to support healthy food choices. Existing reviews of menu labelling have focused predominantly on adults. However, childhood and adolescence are distinct periods of development during which longer term eating behaviours and food preferences are established. Although some studies have examined the effect of menu labelling among children and adolescents, no reviews have synthesised this evidence. Objective: To assess whether menu labelling influences the amount of calories ordered by children and adolescents (or parents on behalf of youth) in food outlets including restaurants and cafeterias. Methods: Comprehensive literature searches were conducted in Medline, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SocINDEX and Embase databases. Eleven relevant studies were identified from an initial search yielding 1,682 results. Studies were assessed using a validated quality assessment tool. Results: Examinations of hypothetical food purchases in artificial environments suggest that menu labelling may be efficacious in reducing calories purchased for or by children and adolescents. Real-world studies are less supportive, although school-based studies were generally positive. It is unclear whether contextual or interpretive menu-labelling formats are more effective compared to numeric calorie information alone. Conclusion: Evidence supporting the impact of menu labelling on lowering the energy content of restaurant and cafeteria food choices made for or by children or adolescents is limited. There remains a need for high-quality studies conducted in real-world settings.
Occurrence of selected lower urinary tract symptoms in patientsof a day hospital for neurotic disorders
Authors: Sobański Jerzy , Skalski Michał , Gołąbek Tomasz , Świerkosz Agata , Przydacz Mikołaj , Klasa Katarzyna , Rutkowski Krzysztof , Dembińska Edyta , Mielimąka Michał , Cyranka Katarzyna , Chłosta Piotr , Dudek Dominika 
Published: July 2016

Cel pracyOcena występowania wybranych objawów z dolnego odcinka dróg moczowych w populacji pacjentów z zaburzeniami nerwicowymi i osobowości.MetodaRetrospektywna analiza występowania, współwystępowania i nasilenia dwóch wybranych objawów z dolnego odcinka układu moczowego u 3929 pacjentów dziennego oddziału leczenia zaburzeń nerwicowych w oparciu o wypełniane przez badanych przed kwalifikacją do leczenia kwestionariusze objawowe.WynikiWprawdzie objawy dotyczące oddawania moczu nie są najpowszechniejszymi symptomami zaburzeń nerwicowych ani nie należą do ich objawów typowych, rozpowszechnienie poczucia częstego oddawania moczu jest jednak w grupie pacjentów oddziału dziennego znaczne – sięgające połowy badanych – i to w odniesieniu do tygodnia poprzedzającego wypełnienie kwestionariusza przed psychoterapią. Dużo mniej powszechny objaw o znacznych jednak konsekwencjach dla samooceny i funkcjonowania społecznego jakim jest bezwiedne oddawanie moczu został zgłoszony przez około 5% pacjentów we względnie zdrowej i stosunkowo młodej grupie badanej. Znaczna uciążliwość częstego oddawania moczu dotyczyła 9-14% pacjentów a bezwiednego oddawania moczu tylko 0,6-1% badanych.WnioskiUzyskane wyniki pozwalają uznać objawy ‘urologiczne’ za istotną część spektrum dolegliwości odczuwanych przez pacjentów z zaburzeniami nerwicowymi i osobowości, w znacznym stopniu niezależnie od ich rozpoznania szczegółowego oraz płci, oraz przy możliwym do przewidzenia związku ich występowania z wiekiem. Ich współwystępowanie z innymi symptomami zaburzeń nerwicowych zgłaszanych przez pacjentów wskazuje przede wszystkim (choć nie wyłącznie) na ich najsilniejsze powiązanie z zespołami objawów somatyzacyjnych, dysocjacyjnych/konwersyjnych, seksualnych oraz agorafobicznych.
Harvest control rules in modern fisheries management
Authors: Kvamsdal Sturla F. , Eide Arne , Ekerhovd Nils-Arne , Enberg Katja , Gudmundsdottir Asta , Hoel Alf Håkon , Mills Katherine E. , Mueter Franz J. , Ravn-Jonsen Lars , Sandal Leif K. , Stiansen Jan Erik , Vestergaard Niels 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Harvest control rules have become an important tool in modern fisheries management, and are increasingly adopted to provide continuity in management practices, to deal with uncertainty and ecosystem considerations, and to relieve management decisions from short-term political pressure. We provide the conceptual and institutional background for harvest control rules, a discussion of the structure of fisheries management, and brief introductions to harvest control rules in a selection of present day cases. The cases demonstrate that harvest control rules take different forms in different settings, yet cover only a subset of the full policy space. We conclude with views on harvest control rules in future fisheries management, both in terms of ideal and realistic developments. One major challenge for future fisheries management is closing the gap between ideas and practice.