bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting uptake of postmortem examination in the prenatal, perinatal and paediatric setting
Authors: Lewis C , Hill M , Arthurs OJ , Hutchinson C , Chitty LS , Sebire NJ 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundPostmortem examination is the single most useful investigation in providing information to parents about why their baby or child died. Despite this, uptake remains well below the recommended 75%.ObjectiveTo address the question ‘what are the barriers and motivators to perinatal, prenatal and paediatric PM examination?’Search strategyKey databases including Pubmed and CINAHL; Cochrane library, websites of relevant patient organisations, hand search of key journals, first and last authors and references.Selection criteriaPeer‐reviewed qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods research examining factors affecting uptake or decline of perinatal or paediatric postmortem examination.Data collection and analysisNarrative synthesis; findings were compared across studies to examine interrelations.Main resultsSeven major themes describing barriers to postmortem uptake were identified: dislike of invasiveness, practicalities of the procedure, organ retention issues, protective parenting, communication and understanding, religion and culture and professional or organisational barriers. Six major themes related to factors which facilitated parental consent were identified: desire for information, contributing to research, coping and well‐being, respectful care, minimally invasive options, and policy and practice. There were a number of themes in the literature that reflected best practice.ConclusionFindings highlight the need for better health professional education and the fact some concerns may be mitigated if less invasive methods of postmortem were routinely available. New consent packages and codes of practice may have a positive impact on perception of examination after death. The landscape is changing; further research is necessary to assess the impact on postmortem uptake rates.Tweetable abstractSystematic review to explore the barriers and motivators to perinatal, prenatal and paediatric postmortem examination.
Efficacy of salpingectomy at hysterectomy to reduce the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: a systematic review
Authors: Darelius A , Lycke M , Kindblom JM , Kristjansdottir B , Sundfeldt K , Strandell A 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundIt has been argued that salpingectomy would reduce the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), based on the theory of the tube being the site of origin.ObjectivesTo conduct a systematic review of ‘salpingectomy’ associated with ovarian cancer risk and ‘salpingectomy with concomitant hysterectomy’ on outcomes of complications including endocrine function.Search strategyA comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library.Selection criteriaOriginal studies and systematic reviews were eligible.Data collection and analysisEach article was quality assessed. Data were extracted and, when possible, pooled in meta‐analyses. The certainty of evidence across studies was evaluated using GRADE.Main resultsOf 844 articles found, 11 were included. No study evaluated risk reduction for EOC after salpingectomy in conjunction with hysterectomy. Two retrospective studies reported a reduced ovarian cancer risk after indicated salpingectomy, compared with no surgery: adjusted hazard ratio 0.65 (95% confidence interval, 95% CI 0.52–0.81) and adjusted odds ratio 0.58 (95% CI 0.36–0.95). Complications did not differ between groups with or without salpingectomy, but were non‐systematically reported. Ovarian endocrine function, measured with surrogate outcomes, did not differ at short‐term follow‐up in randomised or observational studies. The certainty of evidence was very low or low for all outcomes.ConclusionsThere is currently insufficient evidence to state that opportunistic salpingectomy reduces the risk of EOC. The impact on long‐term endocrine function is unknown. The heterogeneity in results and identified knowledge gaps stress the need for a prospective trial.Tweetable abstractInsufficient evidence for prophylactic removal of the fallopian tubes for risk reduction of ovarian cancer.
Testing for a Debt‐Threshold Effect on Output Growth
Authors: Lee Sokbae , Park Hyunmin , Seo Myung Hwan , Shin Youngki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUsing the Reinhart–Rogoff dataset, we find a debt threshold not around 90 per cent but around 30 per cent, above which the median real gross domestic product (GDP) growth falls abruptly. Our work is the first to formally test for threshold effects in the relationship between public debt and median real GDP growth. The null hypothesis of no threshold effect is rejected at the 5 per cent significance level for most cases. While we find no evidence of a threshold around 90 per cent, our findings from the post‐war sample suggest that the debt threshold for economic growth may exist around a relatively small debt‐to‐GDP ratio of 30 per cent. Furthermore, countries with debt‐to‐GDP ratios above 30 per cent have GDP growth that is 1 percentage point lower at the median.
Protest Responses and Willingness to Accept: Ecosystem Services Providers’ Preferences towards Incentive‐Based Schemes
Authors: Villanueva Anastasio J. , Glenk Klaus , Rodríguez‐Entrena Macario 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe identification and treatment of protest responses in stated preference surveys has long been subject to debate. We analyse protest responses while investigating ecosystem services providers’ preferences for incentive‐based schemes. We use a choice experiment for olive farmers’ preferences for agri‐environmental scheme participation in southern Spain. Our two main objectives are: first, to identify and discuss a range of possible motives for protest responses that emerge in a WTA context; second, we analyse the impact on WTA estimates of censoring serial non‐participation linked to protest or high compensation requirements (very high takers). Using a random parameter logit model in WTA space, we find that the inclusion or exclusion of serial non‐participants in the analysis can have a significant impact on marginal and total WTA estimates. Based on the findings, the paper makes recommendations on how to reduce the incidence of protest responses through survey design, regarding the identification of protesters as opposed to very high takers, and regarding the treatment of both groups of respondents for WTA estimation.
Forensic Identification of Bipartite Patella Misdiagnosed as Patella Fracture
Authors: Ma Jingyuan , Shi Fang , Huang Chongya , Gu Shanzhi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBipartite patella is recognized as a developmental anomaly of ossification. Most of them are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally. Bipartite patella is sometimes misdiagnosed as a patella fracture, because the x‐ray images of both these conditions may appear very similar. In this case, the patient complained of left knee pain after x‐ray films revealed a fracture‐like line in the left patella. The patient was then diagnosed as having a patella fracture. In China, the injury degree is categorized as serious injury, minor injury, and trivial injury. As the injury degree of patellar fracture is identified as minor injury, the defendant who injured the patient will be sentenced to prison for ≤3 years. However, the defendant objected to this judgment and applied for the second evaluation of injury degree. On the basis of the site of injury, clinical manifestations, and imaging findings, we diagnosed the patient with bipartite patella which belongs to normal anatomic variant. Therefore, the injury degree of the patient was not minor injury.
Using Cluster Analysis and ICP‐MS to Identify Groups of Ecstasy Tablets in Sao Paulo State, Brazil
Authors: Maione Camila , de Oliveira Souza Vanessa Cristina , Togni Loraine Rezende , da Costa José Luiz , Campiglia Andres Dobal , Barbosa Fernando , Barbosa Rommel Melgaço 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe variations found in the elemental composition in ecstasy samples result in spectral profiles with useful information for data analysis, and cluster analysis of these profiles can help uncover different categories of the drug. We provide a cluster analysis of ecstasy tablets based on their elemental composition. Twenty‐five elements were determined by ICP‐MS in tablets apprehended by Sao Paulo's State Police, Brazil. We employ the K‐means clustering algorithm along with C4.5 decision tree to help us interpret the clustering results. We found a better number of two clusters within the data, which can refer to the approximated number of sources of the drug which supply the cities of seizures. The C4.5 model was capable of differentiating the ecstasy samples from the two clusters with high prediction accuracy using the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation. The model used only Nd, Ni, and Pb concentration values in the classification of the samples.
Organisational consequences of asymmetries in task dependence: the moderating role of HR practices
Authors: De Jong Simon B. , Kunze Florian , Bruch Heike 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study integrates recent advances in interdependence theory with the literature on commitment‐based HR practices. New research on interdependence theory suggests that differences, or asymmetries, in task dependence among organisational members can cause interests to diverge. Prior research has shown that this can negatively affect interpersonal relations, individual outcomes and team processes. However, these insights gained on the dyadic, individual and team levels of analysis have not yet been explored at the organisational level and, until now, no research had yet connected these advances in interdependence theory to the field of HRM research. Hence, the current study investigates (a) whether asymmetries in task dependence do (or do not) matter at the organisational level and affect organisational effectiveness, (b) why this relationship may work by assessing a key mediator, namely, trust climate and (c) if and how these relationships can be altered by commitment‐based HR practices. Our moderated‐mediation model was tested and fully supported by a multi‐source data set of 8,390 employees from 67 organisations.
Longitudinal study of clinical prognostic factors in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: the PREDICT study
Authors: Bird Paul , Nicholls Dave , Barrett Rina , de Jager Julien , Griffiths Hedley , Roberts Lynden , Tymms Kathleen , McCloud Philip , Littlejohn Geoffrey ,   the OPAL consortium
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimTo assess the association between baseline clinical prognostic factors and subsequent Disease Activity Score of 28 joints (DAS28) remission in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsData were collected using point of care clinical software from participating rheumatology centres. Patients aged 18 years or over whose date of clinical onset of RA was within the previous 12–24 months, who had at least 6 months of follow‐up data and a DAS28‐ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate) score recorded between 12 and 24 months from first being seen for RA were included. Data collected included baseline demographics, mode of disease onset, pattern of joint involvement at onset, smoking status, DAS28, rheumatoid factor (RF), anti‐citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA), time from symptom onset to presentation and disease activity at baseline. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression of DAS28‐ESR remission between 12 and 24 months after first assessment were performed.ResultsData from 1017 patients were analyzed: 70% female; mean age 60 years (SD: 14.7); 70% RF‐positive, 58% ACPA‐positive. The strongest age and sex adjusted baseline predictors of DAS28‐ESR remission at 12–24 months were remission at baseline (odds ratio [OR]: 4.49, 95% CI: 2.17–9.29, P < 0.001), being male (OR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.46–4.01, P < 0.001), abstaining from alcohol (P < 0.001) and being lower weight (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97–1.00, P = 0.015). There was no statistically significant association between joint onset patterns, mode of onset, RF, ACPA or smoking status.ConclusionIn this observational study, patients with early RA at risk of not achieving remission include those with high disease activity at baseline, women, those who drink alcohol and those with higher body weight.
Alcohol Mixed with Energy Drinks: Daily Context of Use
Authors: Linden‐Carmichael Ashley N. , Lau‐Barraco Cathy 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe link between use of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmEDs) and alcohol‐related harms is well established, but limited research has examined the context in which AmEDs are consumed. Identifying the social and environmental characteristics of use may illuminate whether AmEDs are used in settings that could increase the likelihood of engaging in risky behaviors or experiencing harms. This study used a 2‐week daily diary assessment to compare days in which AmEDs were consumed (“AmED days”) and days where other types of alcohol were used (“non‐AmED days”) on where, when, and with whom drinking occurred.MethodsParticipants were 122 (90 women) heavy drinking college students who reported mixing caffeine with alcohol at least once in the past week. Data were collected across 389 drinking days; 40 of these days involved AmED use.ResultsMultilevel modeling findings revealed that odds of drinking AmEDs were higher on days where individuals drank at a bar or club and drank at home relative to other locations. In addition, odds of pregaming were higher on AmED days as compared to non‐AmED days. AmED use was linked with lower odds of drinking game behavior.ConclusionsOverall, AmEDs appear to be consumed in potentially risky contexts. In combination with prior findings that AmED days are linked with heavier alcohol use and more harms experienced, these findings support the unique nature of AmED consumption in terms of the factors that may predict or maintain potentially hazardous drinking patterns.
A systematic review of visual processing and associated treatments in body dysmorphic disorder
Authors: Beilharz F. , Castle D. J. , Grace S. , Rossell S. L. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveRecent advances in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) have explored abnormal visual processing, yet it is unclear how this relates to treatment. The aim of this study was to summarize our current understanding of visual processing in BDD and review associated treatments.MethodThe literature was collected through PsycInfo and PubMed. Visual processing articles were included if written in English after 1970, had a specific BDD group compared to healthy controls and were not case studies. Due to the lack of research regarding treatments associated with visual processing, case studies were included.ResultsA number of visual processing abnormalities are present in BDD, including face recognition, emotion identification, aesthetics, object recognition and gestalt processing. Differences to healthy controls include a dominance of detailed local processing over global processing and associated changes in brain activation in visual regions. Perceptual mirror retraining and some forms of self‐exposure have demonstrated improved treatment outcomes, but have not been examined in isolation from broader treatments.ConclusionDespite these abnormalities in perception, particularly concerning face and emotion recognition, few BDD treatments attempt to specifically remediate this. The development of a novel visual training programme which addresses these widespread abnormalities may provide an effective treatment modality.
Anticonvulsants and suicide attempts in bipolar I disorders
Authors: Bellivier F. , Belzeaux R. , Scott J. , Courtet P. , Golmard J.‐L. , Azorin J.‐M. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for suicide attempts (SA) in individuals commencing treatment for a manic or mixed episode.MethodA total of 3390 manic or mixed cases with bipolar disorder (BD) type I recruited from 14 European countries were included in a prospective, 2‐year observational study. Poisson regression models were used to identify individual and treatment factors associated with new SA events. Two multivariate models were built, stratified for the presence or absence of prior SA.ResultsA total of 302 SA were recorded prospectively; the peak incidence was 0–12 weeks after commencing treatment. In cases with a prior history of SA, risk of SA repetition was associated with younger age of first manic episode (P = 0.03), rapid cycling (P < 0.001), history of alcohol and/or substance use disorder (P < 0.001), number of psychotropic drugs prescribed (P < 0.001) and initiation of an anticonvulsant at study entry (P < 0.001). In cases with no previous SA, the first SA event was associated with rapid cycling (P = 0.02), lifetime history of alcohol use disorder (P = 0.02) and initiation of an anticonvulsant at study entry (P = 0.002).ConclusionThe introduction of anticonvulsants for a recent‐onset manic or mixed episode may be associated with an increased risk of SA. Further BD studies must determine whether this link is causal.
Attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness and mucus secretion in HDM‐exposed Igf1r‐deficient mice
Authors: Piñeiro‐Hermida S. , Gregory J. A. , López I. P. , Torrens R. , Ruíz‐Martínez C. , Adner M. , Pichel J. G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundAsthma is a common chronic lung disease characterized by airflow obstruction, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), and airway inflammation. IGFs have been reported to play a role in asthma, but little is known about how the insulin‐like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) affects asthma pathobiology.MethodsFemale Igf1r‐deficient and control mice were intranasally challenged with house dust mite (HDM) extract or PBS five days per week for four weeks. Lung function measurements, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), serum, and lungs were collected on day 28 for further cellular, histological, and molecular analysis.ResultsFollowing HDM exposure, the control mice responded with a marked AHR and airway inflammation. The Igf1r‐deficient mice exhibited an increased expression of the IGF system and surfactant genes, which were decreased in a similar manner for control and Igf1r‐deficient mice after HDM exposure. On the other hand, the Igf1r‐deficient mice exhibited no AHR, and a selective decrease in blood and BALF eosinophils, lung Il13 levels, collagen, and smooth muscle, as well as a significant depletion of goblet cell metaplasia and mucus secretion markers after HDM exposure. The Igf1r‐deficient mice displayed a distinctly thinner epithelial layer than control mice, but this was not altered by HDM.ConclusionsHerein, we demonstrate by the first time that the Igf1r plays an important role in murine asthma, mediating both AHR and mucus secretion after HDM exposure. Thus, our study identifies IGF1R as a potential therapeutic target, not only for asthma but also for hypersecretory airway diseases.
Impact of various progestins with or without transdermal testosterone on gonadotropin levels for non‐invasive hormonal male contraception: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zitzmann M. , Rohayem J. , Raidt J. , Kliesch S. , Kumar N. , Sitruk‐Ware R. , Nieschlag E. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryAlthough several progestins have been tested for hormonal male contraception, the effects of dosage and nature of various progestins on gonadotropin suppression combined with and without additional testosterone has not been performed in a comparative trial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differential impact of four oral or transdermal progestins on the suppression of gonadotropins in healthy men: oral: cyproterone acetate (CPA), levonorgestrel (LNG), norethisterone acetate (NETA), and transdermal: Nestorone® (NES), all in combination with transdermal testosterone (T). Randomized clinical trial testing was performed with four progestins at two doses each. After a 2‐week progestin‐only treatment, transdermal T was added for further 4 weeks and was followed by a 3‐week recovery period. Progestin‐dose per day: CPA 10 mg/20 mg, NES 2 mg/3 mg/dose e.g. 200/300 μg/day absorbed, NETA 5 mg/10 mg, LNG 120 μg/240 μg. From an andrology outpatient clinic, 56 healthy men aged 18–50 years, with body mass index ≤33 kg × m−2 were included in the study. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) were studied. Secondary outcome measure included were serum testosterone concentrations, sperm concentrations, and safety parameters. Intergroup comparisons demonstrated that CPA and LNG had the strongest effect on LH/FSH suppression. Nevertheless, every substance showed significant inhibitory effects on gonadotropin secretion, especially in combination with transdermal T. A decrease in hematocrit and insulin sensitivity as well as cholesterol subfractions and triglycerides was uniformly seen for every group. The combination of oral or transdermal progestins with a transdermal testosterone preparation is able to suppress gonadotropins. Further dose titration studies with sperm suppression as an end‐point should be conducted to determine the lowest effective dose for hormonal male contraception.
Assessing oxygen saturation in retinal vessels in high myopia patients pre‐ and post‐implantable collamer lens implantation surgery
Authors: Chen Pei , Cai Xiaoxiao , Xu Lijun , Zhang Jing , Yang Ying , Gao Qianying , Ge Jian , Yu Keming , Zhuang Jing 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether posterior chamber phakic implantable collamer lens (ICL) surgery in high myopia patients impedes oxygen saturation of retinal vessels.MethodsMean oxygen saturation and diameter in retinal blood vessels were measured before and after ICL implantation surgery to correct high myopia refractive errors (i.e. −6.00 to −20.25 dioptres [D]), using an Oxymap T1 retinal oximeter.ResultsIn 17 eyes of 17 patients, the Oxymap T1 retinal oximeter detected a small but significant decrease in oxygen saturation of retinal venules, 1‐week postoperatively (compared to preoperative measurements). Moreover, at 1 week after ICL implantation, the diameter of patient retinal vessels had consistently contracted, compared to preoperative measurements. By 1 month after ICL surgery, however, both the oxygen saturation and retinal vessel diameter had returned to preoperative levels. Otherwise, no statistically significant difference in oxygen saturation and diameter of retinal arterioles was found when comparing their measurements before and 1 week after implantation.ConclusionStable levels of oxygen saturation in retinal vessels, as detected by the Oxymap T1 oximeter, show ICL implantation would not leave lasting impact or adverse effects to retina oxygen saturation in high myopia patients.
Ophthalmologic wax models as an educational tool for 18th‐century vision scientists
Authors: Zampieri Fabio , Comacchio Francesco , Zanatta Alberto 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Medical Faculties of the University of Padua (Italy) and the University of Vienna (Austria) preserved two series of wax models, made by the Austrian Johann Nepomuk Hoffmayr at the beginning of the 19th century. These models were created in a period of evolution of both medical specialties and organ pathology, which brought morbid organs at the centre of medical investigation. Ceroplastic was considered a useful tool for didactic and research, as it provided a three‐dimensional realistically coloured reproduction of organic lesions. The models represent the typical eye diseases of the period, in particular those affecting external parts, which could be investigated without the need for specific instruments devised for the observation of the inner and posterior anatomy of the eye, at that time not yet available. Even if the nosological categories then employed by Hoffmayr were different from those currently used, it has been possible to find a correspondence thanks to the ophthalmological literature of his period. Ceroplastic started to decline at the end of 19th century, substituted by the much less expensive method of preservation of morbid organs in formalin and by new techniques of investigation of the inner body, such as X‐ray.