bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of methods used to analyse albatross diets—assessing priorities across their range
Authors: McInnes Julie C. , Raymond Ben , Phillips Richard A. , Jarman Simon N. , Lea Mary-Anne , Alderman Rachael 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Many seabird populations are threatened by interactions with commercial fisheries, and climate change. Understanding their prey requirements and dietary flexibility in this context is important for effective conservation and management. However, changes in the methods used to assess diet, as well as the spatial and temporal coverage of monitoring schemes, may reduce our ability to detect and monitor these marine threats. To help assess conservation priorities linked to diet, we performed a systematic review of 109 albatross diet papers published between 1950 and 2016, which corresponded to 296 studies when stratified by sampling year, breeding site, and breeding species. We assessed the methods used, changes over time, and spatial and temporal sampling coverage by species and island group. Most albatross studies have focused on chick-rearing, and diet during other breeding phases is comparatively poorly known. Furthermore, chicks are more commonly sampled than adults and very rarely immature birds, all of which may differ in diet composition. There was a pronounced shift over time in the preferred method of characterising diet, from the morphological examination of prey remains to stable isotope analysis of tissue. This shift has reduced the volume of detailed taxonomic information available from morphological studies. This difference in resolution hinders the ability to detect changes in prey species, with implications for management of threatened albatrosses and for monitoring broader changes in marine ecosystems. In a knowledge gap analysis for important breeding colonies (with &gt;5% of global population), we identified key sites where existing monitoring has provided a foundation for robust longitudinal diet studies. Maintaining and augmenting these long-term research programmes will enable analyses of the impacts of changing climate and fishing practices on seabird populations and facilitate the timely identification and implementation of management options.
Clinical Phenotyping of Youth With New-Onset Musculoskeletal Pain
Authors: Lewandowski Holley Amy , Wilson Anna C. , Cho Elise , Palermo Tonya M. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives:
The course of pediatric musculoskeletal pain from acute to chronic has not been well described and there is limited understanding of how to identify individuals with new-onset pain who may be predisposed to developing persisting symptoms. Thus, the purpose of this study was to describe the clinical phonotype of treatment-seeking youth with new-onset musculoskeletal pain compared with youth with and without chronic pain. Further, we tested predictors of pain-related disability and pain sensitivity in the new-onset pain sample.

Methods:
Participants were 191 youth, ages 10 to 17 years, representing 3 cohorts (new-onset musculoskeletal pain, chronic musculoskeletal pain, and a comparison group without chronic pain). Participants completed questionnaire measures of pain characteristics, psychological functioning, sleep, and pain-related disability. They also attended a laboratory visit to complete an experimental pain assessment using heat and cold stimuli to assess pain sensitivity and conditioned pain modulation.

Results:
Findings revealed youth with new-onset musculoskeletal pain had a distinct clinical phenotype where symptoms of pain and disability were in the mid-range between those of youth with diagnosed chronic musculoskeletal pain and youth in the community without chronic pain. Linear regressions within the new-onset pain sample demonstrated poorer sleep quality and higher pain fear predicted greater pain-related disability, and pain catastrophizing predicted cold pressor sensitivity.

Discussion:
Clinical phenotyping of youth with new-onset musculoskeletal pain highlights factors relevant to the pain experience. Future research can examine the roles of these variables in predicting longitudinal risk for chronic pain and disability.
Pregnancy-Associated Deaths in Rural, Nonrural, and Metropolitan Areas of Georgia
Authors: Platner Marissa , Loucks Tammy L. , Lindsay Michael K. , Ellis Jane E. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To characterize pregnancy-associated deaths and examine the relationship between area of residence and pregnancy-associated deaths and pregnancy-related mortality ratios in Georgia from 2010 to 2012.

METHODS:
The cohort of pregnancy-associated deaths was reviewed and categorized as pregnancy-related or resulting from other medical conditions not related to pregnancy, suicide, drug toxicity, homicide, or motor vehicle accident. Georgia Online Analytical Statistical Information System data were used to calculate pregnancy-related mortality ratio by rural, nonrural, and metropolitan Atlanta area and by race. Causes of death and pregnancy-related mortality ratio were compared by area of residence and race using χ2 tests; a P value <.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS:
There were 262 pregnancy-associated deaths; 40.1% (n=105) were pregnancy-related. The 2010–2012 pregnancy-related mortality ratio was 26.5 per 100,000 live births and the pregnancy-related mortality ratio did not differ statistically among rural (27.1), nonrural (24.4), and metropolitan Atlanta (27.7) areas (P=.845). Most pregnancy-related deaths were the result of hemorrhage and cardiovascular factors. In aggregate, the pregnancy-related mortality ratio for black women was 49.5 compared with 14.3 for white women (P<.001). The gap in pregnancy-related mortality ratio between black and white women was highest for metropolitan Atlanta (51.6 compared with 12.4, P<.001), less in nonrural areas (50.3 compared with 12.0, P<.001), and comparable in rural areas (39.4 compared with 22.4, P=.281).

CONCLUSION:
Although the pregnancy-related mortality ratio was similar for rural, nonrural, and metropolitan Atlanta areas, it was significantly higher for black compared with white women living outside of rural areas.
Enhanced Recovery Pathways for Improving Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Gynecologic Oncology Surgery
Authors: Chapman Jocelyn S. , Roddy Erika , Ueda Stefanie , Brooks Rebecca , Chen Lee-lynn , Chen Lee-may 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To estimate whether an enhanced recovery after surgery pathway facilitates early recovery and discharge in gynecologic oncology patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery.

METHODS:
This was a retrospective case–control study. Consecutive gynecologic oncology patients undergoing laparoscopic or robotic surgery between July 1 and November 5, 2014, were treated on an enhanced recovery pathway. Enhanced recovery pathway components included patient education, multimodal analgesia, opioid minimization, nausea prophylaxis as well as early catheter removal, ambulation, and feeding. Cases were matched in a one-to-two ratio with historical control patients on the basis of surgery type and age. Primary endpoints were length of hospital stay, rates of discharge by noon, 30-day hospital readmission rates, and hospital costs.

RESULTS:
There were 165 patients included in the final cohort, 55 of whom were enhanced recovery pathway patients. Enhanced recovery patients were more likely to be discharged on postoperative day 1 compared with patients in the control group (91% compared with 60%, P<.001, odds ratio 6.7, 95% confidence interval 2.46–18.04). Fifteen percent of enhanced recovery patients achieved discharge by noon compared with 4% of historical control patients (P=.03). Postoperative pain scores decreased (2.6 compared with 3.12, P=.03) despite a 30% reduction in opioid use. Average total hospital costs were decreased by 12% in the enhanced recovery group ($13,771 compared with $15,649, P=.01). Readmission rates, mortality, and reoperation rates did not differ between the two groups.

CONCLUSION:
An enhanced recovery pathway in patients undergoing gynecologic oncology minimally invasive surgery is associated with significant improvements in recovery time, decreased pain despite reduced opioid use, and overall lower hospital costs.
Pregnancy Intentions and Safer Pregnancy Knowledge Among Female Sex Workers in Port Elizabeth, South Africa
Authors: Rao Amrita , Baral Stefan , Phaswana-Mafuya Nancy , Lambert Andrew , Kose Zamakayise , Mcingana Mfezi , Holland Claire , Ketende Sosthenes , Schwartz Sheree 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and pregnancy intentions and safer conception knowledge among female sex workers in Port Elizabeth, South Africa.

METHODS:
This cross-sectional study recruited female sex workers in Port Elizabeth using respondent-driven sampling and completed an interviewer-administered questionnaire alongside HIV testing and counseling. In this secondary analysis, robust Poisson regression was used to model prevalence ratios for positive fertility intentions in this cross-sectional study. Knowledge of safer conception methods by HIV status was compared using Fisher exact tests.

RESULTS:
Overall 391 women were represented in the analyses. More than 50% had a prior HIV diagnosis, and an additional 12% were diagnosed with HIV during the study. Approximately half (n=185) of the women reported future pregnancy intentions. In univariate analysis, a prior HIV diagnosis was negatively associated with pregnancy intentions as compared with HIV-negative women (prevalence ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.55–0.85). Only parity remained independently associated with future pregnancy intentions in multivariate regression after controlling for HIV status, age, race, relationship status, and years selling sex. Knowledge of safer conception methods such as timed sex without a condom, preexposure prophylaxis, or self-insemination was low and similar between those with and without future pregnancy plans.

CONCLUSION:
Pregnancy intentions did not significantly vary according to HIV status. Fertility intentions were high, however, and knowledge of safer conception methods low, suggesting a need to provide female sex workers with advice around options to conceive safely in the context of high HIV prevalence.
Relationship Between Dynamic Changes in Expression of IL-17/IL-23 in Lacrimal Gland and Ocular Surface Lesions in Ovariectomized Mice
Authors: Li Mengmeng , Zhang Xiaofeng , Sun Zhengtai , Zhong Lei , Que Lijuan , Xia Wei , Yin Yuecong , Wang Yingming 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:
An ovariectomized mouse model was constructed to observe the dynamic effects of hormone changes on the expression of interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-23 in the lacrimal glands.

Methods:
The ovariectomized mouse model was constructed by bilateral ovary removal. The concentrations of serum estradiol and testosterone in mouse cardiac blood were detected by radioimmunoassay. Mice in both groups underwent the phenol red cotton thread test and corneal fluorescein staining to assess the ocular surface, whereas Th17 cells in blood and spleen were detected by flow cytometry. IL-17A and IL-23 expression in the lacrimal glands was detected by immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results:
Serum estradiol and testosterone levels were significantly lower in the ovariectomized group compared with those in the control group. There was lymphocytic infiltration in the lacrimal gland of the ovariectomized group mice. At 6 months after the surgery, aqueous tear production was significantly lower, and statistically significant corneal fluorescein staining was found in the ovariectomized group, compared with that in the control group. In the ovariectomized group, IL-17A and the IL-23 expression in the lacrimal glands and the Th17 expression in the blood and spleen were significantly higher than in the control group.

Conclusion:
The hormone levels are significantly reduced and lymphocytic infiltration in the lacrimal gland in ovariectomized mice, whereas the frequency of Th17 cells in the blood and spleen and IL-17A and IL-23 expression in the lacrimal glands are increased, leading to reduced tear production and positive fluorescein staining in the cornea.
Short- and Long-Term Changes in Corneal Aberrations and Axial Length Induced by Orthokeratology in Children Are Not Correlated
Authors: Santodomingo-Rubido Jacinto , Villa-Collar César , Gilmartin Bernard , Gutiérrez-Ortega Ramón , Suzaki Asaki 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:
To assess the correlation between changes in corneal aberrations and the 2-year change in axial length in children fitted with orthokeratology (OK) contact lenses.

Methods:
Thirty-one subjects 6 to 12 years of age and with myopia −0.75 to −4.00DS and astigmatism ≤1.00DC were fitted with OK. Measurements of axial length and corneal topography were taken at regular intervals over a 2-year period. Corneal topography at baseline and after 3 and 24 months of OK lens wear was used to derive higher-order corneal aberrations (HOA) that were correlated with OK-induced axial length changes at 2 years.

Results:
Significant changes in

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root mean square (RMS) secondary astigmatism and fourth and total HOA were found with both 3 and 24 months of OK lens wear in comparison with baseline (all P<0.05). Additionally, significant changes in

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and RMS tetrafoil were found at 3 months and in second-order RMS at 24 months of OK lens wear in comparison with baseline (all P<0.05). However, none of the changes in corneal aberrations were significantly correlated with the 2-year change in axial elongation (all P>0.05). Coma angle of orientation changed significantly pre-OK in comparison with 3 and 24 months post-OK as well as secondary astigmatism angle of orientation pre-OK in comparison with 24 months post-OK (all P<0.05). However, coma, trefoil, secondary astigmatism, and tetrafoil angles of orientation pre-OK or post-OK were not significantly correlated with the 2-year change in axial elongation (all P>0.05).

Discussion:
Short-term and long-term OK lens wear induces significant changes in corneal aberrations that are not significantly correlated with changes in axial elongation after 2-years.
Hyalournan Role in Pathophysiology of Different Species of Plasmodium
Authors: Ismail Khadiga Ahmed , Abdelwahab Maha Mohammed , Rezk Howaida Mahmoud , Khalifa Ahmed Mahmoud 
Published: June 2016

Background
For years, Plasmodium vivax has been considered the cause of benign malaria. Nevertheless, it has been observed that this parasite can produce a severe disease comparable with Plasmodium falciparum. It has been suggested that some physiopathogenic processes might be shared by these 2 species, such as cytoadherence.

Objective
This study was conducted to demonstrate the severity of the disease with the hyaluronic acid (HA) level with different species of Plasmodium in patients complaining of fever of unknown origin, highly suspected clinically to be caused by malaria, which were diagnosed by microscopic examination, OptiMAL rapid antigen test, and serum level of HA and were assessed.

Subjects and Methods
A total of 32 expatriate patients attending King Faisal Specialized Hospital, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, complaining of fever of unknown origin were examined for malaria parasites by microscopy of Giemsa-stained blood smears, OptiMAL rapid antigen test, and HA test. The diagnostic performance of these methods was statistically compared.

Results
Of 32 clinically suspected cases, 17 (53%) were positive for Plasmodium infection, and of these, 8 (47%) were infected by P. falciparum (G1) and 9 (53%) by P. vivax (G2). Fifteen (47%) were negative for Plasmodium species (G3). The differences in the level of HA were statistically significant in G1 as compared with G3 as well as G2 as compared with G3 and statistically insignificant in G2 as compared with G1 (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
The association of severity of anemia and the trend observed between adhesion to HA and increased parasite densities suggest their potential contribution to sequestration observed in P. vivax infections.
Major changes in the number and indications of liver biopsy for chronic liver diseases over one decade in France
Authors: Cadranel Jean-François D. , Nousbaum Jean-Baptiste , Gouillou Maelenn , Hanslik Bertrand 
Published: June 2016

Aims
French clinical practice guidelines on the use of liver biopsy (LB) published in 2002 focused on ultrasound guidance (USG) and ambulatory LB. The aims of this study were as follows: (i) to evaluate the number and indications for LB for chronic liver diseases and (ii) to evaluate LB modalities according to French clinical practice guidelines. Data recorded included the number and indications for LB, procedures, use of USG, and complications.

Results
A total of 131 centers participated: 8741 LB were performed versus 12 000 in 1997; ambulatory LB was performed in 48.6% of cases (vs. 27% in 1997; P<0.001). USG during LB was used in 89.7% of the centers, among which 42 (31.8%) used real-time USG (vs. 56 and 22%, respectively, in 1997; P<0.01). The main indications for LB were chronic hepatitis C in 24.6% of cases (vs. 54.1% in 1997; P<0.001), and viral B or B-delta in 15.0% (vs. 5.8%; P<0.001). Severe complications were less frequent at centers with systematical USG during LB than at those without such guidance (P<0.01).

Conclusion
In this large nationwide study, major trends were as follows: (i) a marked decrease in LB number, related to a decrease in LB for chronic viral hepatitis C; (ii) increased use of USG; and (iii) an increase in the number of ambulatory LB. Severe complications decreased significantly at centers in which USG was systematically applied.
Current concepts in midface fracture management
Authors: Nastri Alf L. , Gurney Ben 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
Management of midface trauma is complex and challenging and requires a clear understanding of the facial buttress system, subunit anatomy and inter-relationships. Too often clinicians attempt surgical repair without adequate knowledge of the common complications associated with poor reduction and improper sequencing of fracture repair. This review outlines a working approach to the identification and management of such injuries, and the definitive management of common injury patterns.

Recent findings
Midface trauma, with or without life-threatening and sight-threatening complications, may arise following isolated injury, or be associated with significant injuries elsewhere. Assessment needs to be both systematic and repeated, with the establishment of clearly stated priorities in overall care.

Summary
Accurate and precise relocation of bony subunits and resuspension of soft tissues is vital in achieving acceptable functional and aesthetic outcomes.
Inclusive Islamic financial planning: a conceptual framework
Authors: Ahmed Habib , Salleh Ak Md Hasnol Alwee Pg Md 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to develop a conceptual framework of inclusive Islamic financial planning (IFP) by combining the traditional Islamic institutions of zakat and awqaf with contemporary notions of financial planning, financial inclusion and financial literacy that caters to the short-term and long-term financial goals of the poor.

Design/methodology/approach
Being a conceptual article, an inclusive IFP framework is described, analyzed and developed by integrating modern notions of financial inclusion, financial planning and financial literacy with the concepts of zakat and awqaf.

Findings
Using the notion of a hierarchy of needs and a financial planning model, an inclusive IFP framework that can be used by the poor is outlined. The complementary role of the non-poor households who provide funds for zakat and awqaf is also identified.

Research limitations/implications
The applicability of an inclusive IFP would require Islamic financial instruments and products, institutional development and existence of a social planner who can integrate zakat, awqaf and financial planning to serve the financial needs of the poor.

Social implications
Application of an inclusive IFP that can mitigate poverty would necessitate integrating financial planning skills and knowledge with traditional institutions of zakat and awqaf to provide holistic financial advice and services to the poor households.

Originality/value
Discussion of financial planning in financial inclusion literature is scant. The paper explores and offers a novel approach of poverty mitigation by utilizing the full spectrum of IFP that considers the financial needs and allows for the creation of a personalized financial plan for low-income households.
Economic substance or legal form: an evaluation of Islamic finance practice
Authors: Hanif Muhammad 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Islamic financing is based on the ideology of Islam, proposing a different economic system than capitalism. The essence of Islamic financing lies in trading of goods, provision of services and/or investment under profit and loss sharing. This study aims to examine legal forms and economic substance of the contracts used by the Islamic financial industry.

Design/methodology/approach
To conclude on the objectives of the study, five most widely used contracts (modes/products), including Murabaha, Ijarah, Diminishing Musharaka, Sukuk and Mudaraba (deposits), were selected to test against the theory of the Islamic financial system.

Findings
It is found in the process that legally (legal form) contracts/products are in line with theory; however, economic substance is not very different from conventional counter parts.

Practical implications
Through application of alternative calculation measures/methods and proper training of human resources, Islamic financial institutions can shift economic substance of contracts in line with the theory of Islamic finance.

Originality/value
Islamic finance is an emerging area, and reasonably good amount of literature is available; however, perhaps, this is the only piece of work focusing on calculation methods, contributing in economic substance of contracts, being used in modern Islamic finance in addition to legal form as per essence of Islamic financial system.