bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methylglyoxal is associated with changes in kidney function among individuals with screen‐detected Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jensen T. M. , Vistisen D. , Fleming T. , Nawroth P. P. , Rossing P. , Jørgensen M. E. , Lauritzen T. , Sandbæk A. , Witte D. R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimsThe glycolysis‐derived metabolite methylglyoxal has been linked to clinical microvascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy. We aimed to further investigate the hypothesis that methylglyoxal is involved in decline in renal function by assessing the associations between measures of renal function during a 6‐year follow‐up in 1481 people with screen‐detected Type 2 diabetes, as part of the Danish arm of the ADDITION‐Europe trial (ADDITION‐DK).MethodsBiobank serum samples collected at ADDITION‐DK baseline (2001–2006) and follow‐up (2009–2010) were used in the current analysis of methylglyoxal. We assessed cross‐sectional baseline and longitudinal associations between methylglyoxal and urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (ACR) or estimated GFR (eGFR), and between methylglyoxal and categories of albuminuria or reduced eGFR.ResultsBaseline methylglyoxal was positively associated with ACR at baseline (12% higher ACR per doubling in methylglyoxal levels), and change in methylglyoxal during 6 years of follow‐up was inversely associated with change in eGFR (–1.6 ml/min/1.73 m2 per doubling in methylglyoxal change), in models adjusted for age, sex, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, anti‐hypertensive treatment, LDL‐cholesterol, lipid‐lowering treatment, C‐reactive protein and smoking.ConclusionsIn a population of people with screen‐detected Type 2 diabetes, we observed associations between methylglyoxal and markers of renal function: 6‐year change in methylglyoxal was inversely associated with 6‐year change in eGFR. Also, methylglyoxal at baseline was positively associated with ACR at baseline. Our study lends further support to a role for methylglyoxal in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
Gas exchange pattern in the two‐spot ladybird beetle, Adalia bipunctata, differs in dry vs. moist air
Authors: Jõgar Katrin , Kuusik Aare , Metspalu Luule , Ploomi Angela , Williams Ingrid H. , Hiiesaar Külli , Luik Anne , Sibul Ivar , Mänd Marika 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGas exchange patterns in the ladybird beetle, Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), were investigated using an infrared gaseous analyser (IRGA) and a coulometric O2 respirometer (manometric–volumetric system). Before testing, the beetles were kept either in dry (dehydrated) or moist (hydrated) conditions for 1 day. Their subsequent gas exchange patterns did not depend on their state of humidity but rather were controlled by the humidity of the insect chamber during gas exchange measurement. If this chamber contained dry air, the beetles exhibited CO2 release by burst, which we interpreted as cyclic gas exchange (CGE) with inter‐burst periods, but if the chamber was switched to contain moist air, then cyclic CO2 release was soon abandoned and a pattern of continuous gas exchange appeared. Measurements with the coulometric respirometer in moist air showed that continuous gas exchange was often associated with weak abdominal pulsations, which we interpreted as active ventilation. Their metabolic rate was lower during gas exchange cycles than during continuous gas exchange. We revealed that in the ladybird beetle metabolic rate increased in moist air when the gas exchange pattern transitioned from cyclic to continuous.
Antennal and behavioural responses of the spruce seed moth, Cydia strobilella, to floral volatiles of Norway spruce, Picea abies, and temporal variation in emission of active compounds
Authors: Jakobsson Johan , Svensson Glenn P. , Löfstedt Christer , Anderbrant Olle 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe investigated whether spruce seed moth, Cydia strobilella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae, Grapholitini), one of the most damaging seed predators on Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) H. Karst (Pinaceae), uses olfactory cues during host search. Analyses with coupled gas chromatography and electroantennography revealed that antennae of both sexes of moths responded consistently to three compounds in the headspace from female spruce flowers, i.e., α‐pinene, β‐pinene, and myrcene, but not to limonene as has been previously reported for this species. The amounts of these active volatiles released from flowers and cones of P. abies were quantified, and their diurnal and seasonal variation was monitored. The total release of the active volatiles correlated well with the diurnal and seasonal flight activity of C. strobilella as revealed by catches of males in pheromone‐baited traps. In field trapping experiments, where baits were loaded with proportions and enantiomeric ratios of α‐pinene, β‐pinene, and myrcene matching those of the female P. abies floral headspace, substantial catches of male C. strobilella were achieved, whereas few females were captured. These surprising results suggest that male C. strobilella make use of host volatiles to aid them in their search for females.
Effect of rock fragments on soil porosity: a laboratory experiment with two physically degraded soils
Authors: Gargiulo L. , Mele G. , Terribile F. 
Published: August 2016

There are still few studies on the role that rock fragments (RFs) have in the change in soil structure based on direct observation of the soil‐pore system. Physically degraded soil is of particular interest because small RFs might be considered a factor in its remediation. In our laboratory experiment we mixed five different proportions of 4–8‐mm sized RFs with a Luvisol and a Regosol that have poor ability to self‐structure and were characterized by a massive structure in the field. Nine wetting and drying cycles were applied to repacked samples (15 cm in diameter and height) of soil–RF mixtures to facilitate the formation of soil structure. Image analysis was used to quantify development of the pore system at varying RF contents. The physically degraded soils studied in this research initially showed a decrease and then an increase in porosity with increasing amounts of RFs in the soil–RF mixtures. The results indicated that the Regosol responded more than the Luvisol to RF content. Threshold values of RF content at which the mechanism of pore formation prevails over that of pore reduction depended upon the soil type and can be attributed reasonably to small differences in the coefficient of linear extensibility (COLE). We also identified a mechanism for the propagation of porosity downwards from the soil surface with increasing RF content, together with a vertical homogenization effect on porosity. Our results contribute to understanding the mechanisms by which small rock fragments embedded in physically degraded topsoil induce changes in the pore system and confirm the potential of rock fragments to protect soil structure in soil susceptible to compaction.HighlightsPhysical interaction between rock fragments and fine earth in degraded soil.
Soil porosity examined by combined experimental laboratory approach with image analysis.
Soil porosity first decreases then increases with increasing content of rock fragments.
Coexistence of two opposing mechanisms: one of porosity reduction and one of formation of new pores.
Becoming business critical: Knowledge for Healthcare
Authors: Lacey Bryant Sue , Stewart David , Goswami Louise , Grant Maria J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSignificant progress has been made in implementing Knowledge for Healthcare. This editorial reports the central contribution of effective partnerships and the involvement of librarians and knowledge specialists in this work. There are compelling business priorities. Key elements of work‐streams on demonstrating impact, workforce development and streamlining are indicated, along with areas of growing importance – knowledge management, embedded roles and health information for the public and patients. Knowledge, and the skills to help people to use it, are business critical.
Predictors of intraspecific morphological variability in a tropical hotspot: comparing the influence of random and non‐random factors
Authors: Maestri Renan , Fornel Rodrigo , Gonçalves Gislene Lopes , Geise Lena , de Freitas Thales Renato Ochotorena , Carnaval Ana Carolina 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimWe describe patterns of skull size and shape variation in an Atlantic forest endemic rodent to test the influence of genetic structure, historical and environmental variables upon intraspecific morphological variability.LocationSouth America, Brazil, Atlantic forest.MethodsWe analyse subtle differences in skull morphology of Akodon cursor through geometric morphometrics applied to 324 individuals from 12 localities distributed throughout the species range. Using cytochrome‐b gene (cyt‐b) sequences from 125 individuals (38 localities), we describe underlying patterns of genetic structure and transform them into distance measures that are included in our morphological analyses. We estimate the relative importance of genetic structure, historical variables and environmental variables on skull size and shape through mixed model selection and Akaike's information criterion.ResultsGeographical patterns in skull size are mainly explained by non‐random factors related to primary productivity and precipitation, whereas spatial shifts in shape correlate with mitochondrial divergence. Cytochrome‐b data revealed a phylogeographic break around the Jequitinhonha River, yet striking morphological shifts were observed further south. Differences in palaeostability between regions, and the configuration of rivers, appear as secondary sources of explanation for observed patterns.Main conclusionsMultiple forces explain morphological variation within A. cursor. Teasing apart the effects of local adaptation and gene flow may be difficult, but is a key to improve our understanding of the drivers of intraspecific morphological variation. Our findings support the view that size is a more labile feature than shape, and that it may more easily break away from constraints imposed by gene flow. The combination of random and non‐random factors, together with documented breaks in the distribution of the Atlantic forest over the Late Quaternary, accounts for the majority of morphological differences observed in A. cursor.
Prion‐like propagation as a pathogenic principle in frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Hock Eva‐Maria , Polymenidou Magdalini 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFrontotemporal dementia is a devastating neurodegenerative disease causing stark alterations in personality and language. Characterized by severe atrophy of the frontal and temporal brain lobes, frontotemporal dementia (FTD) shows extreme heterogeneity in clinical presentation, genetic causes, and pathological findings. Like most neurodegenerative diseases, the initial symptoms of FTD are subtle, but increase in severity over time, as the disease progresses. Clinical progression is paralleled by exacerbation of pathological findings and the involvement of broader brain regions, which currently lack mechanistic explanation. Yet, a flurry of studies indicate that protein aggregates accumulating in neurodegenerative diseases can act as propagating entities, amplifying their pathogenic conformation, in a way similar to infectious prions. In this prion‐centric view, FTD can be divided into three subtypes, TDP‐43 or FUS proteinopathy and tauopathy. Here, we review the current evidence that FTD‐linked pathology propagates in a prion‐like manner and discuss the implications of these findings for disease progression and heterogeneity.
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Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease causing severe personality dysfunctions, characterized by profound heterogeneity. Accumulation of tau, TDP‐43 or FUS cytoplasmic aggregates characterize molecularly distinct and non‐overlapping FTD subtypes. Here, we discuss the current evidence suggesting that prion‐like propagation and cell‐to‐cell spread of each of these cytoplasmic aggregates may underlie disease progression and heterogeneity.
This article is part of the Frontotemporal Dementia special issue.
The etemic model of Gypsy Roma Traveller community vulnerability: is it time to rethink our understanding of vulnerability?
Authors: Heaslip Vanessa , Hean Sarah , Parker Jonathan 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo present a new etemic model of vulnerability.BackgroundDespite vulnerability being identified as a core consequence of health and health experiences, there has been little research exploring the meaning of vulnerability as a concept. Yet, being vulnerable is known to have dire physical/mental health consequences. It is therefore a fundamental issue for nurses to address. To date, the meaning of the term vulnerability has been influenced by the work of Spiers (Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31, 2000, 715, The Essential Concepts of Nursing: Building Blocks for Practice, 2005, Elsevier, London). Spiers identified two aspects of vulnerability: the etic (external judgment of another persons’ vulnerability) and the emic (internal lived experience of vulnerability). This approach has led to a plethora of research which has explored the etic (external judgment) of vulnerability and rendered the internal lived (or emic) experience invisible. Consequences of this, for marginalised communities such as Gypsy Roma Travellers include a lack of culturally sensitive services compounding health inequalities.DesignPosition paper.MethodDrawing upon a qualitative phenomenological research study exploring the lived experience of vulnerability from a Gypsy Roma Travelling community (published previously), this paper presents a new model of vulnerability. This etemic model of vulnerability values both external and internal dimensions of vulnerability and argues for a fusion of these two opposing perspectives.ConclusionsIf nurses and other health‐ and social care professionals wish to develop practice that is successful in engaging with Gypsy Roma Travellers, then there is a need to both understand and respect their community. This can be achieved through an etemic approach to understanding their vulnerability achieved by eliciting lived experience alongside the appreciation of epidemiological studies.Relevance to clinical practiceIf nurses and health practitioners used this etemic approach to practice then it would enable both the development and delivery of culturally sensitive services facilitating health access to this community. Only then, will their poor health status be successfully addressed.
Do organisational constraints explain the use of restraint? A comparative ethnographic study from three nursing homes in Norway
Authors: Øye Christine , Jacobsen Frode Fadnes , Mekki Tone Elin 
Published: August 2016

Aims and objectivesTo investigate (1) what kind of restraint is used in three nursing homes in Norway and (2) how staff use restraint under what organisational conditions.BackgroundRestraint use in residents living with dementia in nursing homes is controversial, and at odds with fundamental human rights. Restraint is a matter of hindering residents’ free movement and will by applying either interactional, physical, medical, surveillance or environmental restraint. Previous research has identified use of restraint related to individual resident characteristics such as agitation, aggressiveness and wandering.DesignThis model is embedded in an overall mixed‐method education intervention design study called Modelling and evaluating evidence‐based continuing education program in dementia care (MEDCED), applying ethnography postintervention to examine the use of restraint in 24 nursing homes in Norway.MethodBased on restraint diversity measured in the trial, ethnographic investigation was carried out in three different nursing homes in Norway over a 10‐month period to examine restraint use in relation to organisational constraints.ResultsSeveral forms of restraint were observed; among them, interactional restraint was used most frequently. We identified that use of restraint relates to the characteristics of individual residents, such as agitation, aggressiveness and wandering. However, restraint use should also be explained in relation to organisational conditions such as resident mix, staff culture and available human resources.ConclusionA fluctuating and dynamic interplay between different individual and contextual factors determines whether restraint is used – or not in particular situations with residents living with dementia.Relevance to clinical practiceEducational initiatives targeting staff to reduce restraint must be sensitive towards fluctuating organisational constraints.
Comparison of Clinical Results Following the Use of Drug‐Eluting Balloons for a Bare‐Metal Stent and Drug‐Eluting Stent Instent Restenosis
Authors: Lee Wei‐Chieh , Fang Yen‐Nan , Fang Chih‐Yuan , Chen Chien‐Jen , Yang Cheng‐Hsu , Yip Hon‐Kan , Hang Chi‐Ling , Wu Chiung‐Jen , Fang Hsiu‐Yu 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundDrug‐eluting balloons (DEBs) have emerged as a potential alternative to current treatments of instent restenosis (ISR). The study aims to investigate the clinical outcomes of a DEB angioplasty to treat bare‐metal stent (BMS) ISR and drug‐eluting stent (DES) ISR at 1‐year clinical follow‐up period.MethodsBetween November 2011 and December 2014, 312 patients were diagnosed with coronary artery ISR at our hospital. A total of 426 coronary ISR lesions were treated with DEBs. The clinical outcomes, including target lesion revascularization (TLR), myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiovascular mortality, and all‐cause mortality were compared between the BMS‐ISR group and DES‐ISR group. Propensity score matched analysis was used to minimize bias.ResultsThe average age of the patients was 64.99 ± 10.35 years, and 76.9% of the patients were male. After multivariate Cox regression analyses about 1‐year recurrent restenosis in DES‐ISR group, only end stage renal disease (ESRD) (P = 0.047) and previous DEB failure (P < 0.001) were identified with significant difference. After propensity score matched analysis, the bias of baseline characteristics showed no significant difference. The DES‐ISR group experienced more myocardial infarctions (2.8% vs 8.3%, P = 0.075), more TLR (8.1% vs 15.4%, P = 0.051), especially at nonostial lesion (5.7% vs 14.9%, P = 0.030) than the BMS‐ISR group. Higher incidence of major cardiac cerebral adverse events happened in the DES‐ISR group. (11.7% vs 22.1 %, P = 0.038)ConclusionDuring the 1‐year follow‐up period, DEBs angioplasty for BMS‐ISR had better clinical outcomes and less TLR than DES‐ISR. ESRD and previous DEB failure were associated to TLR in DES‐ISR group.
Factors associated with poor adherence to antiviral treatment for hepatitis B
Authors: Allard N. , Dev A. , Dwyer J. , Srivatsa G. , Thompson A. , Cowie B. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAntiviral therapy for hepatitis B is effective and reduces the risk of progression to cirrhosis and liver cancer but is often required for an indefinite duration. Treatment adherence is important to prevent the development of resistance and optimize outcomes. Pharmacy adherence measures can be used to assess treatment adherence, with the medication possession ratio being less susceptible to bias than physician‐ or self‐reported adherence. The aim of this study was to measure adherence in public hospital outpatients over a 3‐year period and to examine factors associated with nonadherence. A retrospective study of pharmacy records of patients dispensed antiviral therapy for hepatitis B from four major hospitals in Melbourne between 2010 and 2013. Hospital record numbers were linked with and de‐identified demographic information including age, sex, Indigenous status, country of birth, interpreter requirement, spoken language and postcode of residence. The medication possession ratio was the outcome measure with poor adherence defined <.90. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression were performed to examine associations with nonadherence. Records of 1026 patients were included in the analysis. Twenty per cent of all participants met the definition of poor adherence. Significant factors affecting adherence included age <35 years (P=.002), hospital site and treatment by multiple doctors within shorter time periods. This is the largest study examining detailed factors associated with adherence to hepatitis B treatment. Understanding poor adherence in clinical settings, and the factors associated with lower adherence, is important to inform efforts towards promoting treatment adherence for hepatitis B.
Iron intakes and status of 2‐year‐old children in the Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study
Authors: McCarthy Elaine K , ní Chaoimh Carol , Hourihane Jonathan O'B , Kenny Louise C , Irvine Alan D , Murray Deirdre M , Kiely Mairead 
Published: August 2016

AbstractYoung children are at risk of iron deficiency and subsequent anaemia, resulting in long‐term consequences for cognitive, motor and behavioural development. This study aimed to describe the iron intakes, status and determinants of status in 2‐year‐old children. Data were collected prospectively in the mother–child Cork BASELINE Birth Cohort Study from 15 weeks' gestation throughout early childhood. At the 24‐month assessment, serum ferritin, haemoglobin and mean corpuscular volume were measured, and food/nutrient intake data were collected using a 2‐day weighed food diary. Iron status was assessed in 729 children (median [IQR] age: 2.1 [2.1, 2.2] years) and 468 completed a food diary. From the food diary, mean (SD) iron intakes were 6.8 (2.6) mg/day and 30% had intakes < UK Estimated Average Requirement (5.3 mg/day). Using WHO definitions, iron deficiency was observed in 4.6% (n = 31) and iron deficiency anaemia in five children (1.0%). Following an iron series workup, five more children were diagnosed with iron deficiency anaemia. Twenty‐one per cent had ferritin concentrations <15 µg/L. Inadequate iron intakes (OR [95% CI]: 1.94 [1.09, 3.48]) and unmodified cows' milk intakes ≥ 400 mL/day (1.95 [1.07, 3.56]) increased the risk of low iron status. Iron‐fortified formula consumption was associated with decreased risk (0.21 [0.11, 0.41] P < 0.05). In this, the largest study in toddlers in Europe, a lower prevalence of low iron status was observed than in previous reports. Compliance with dietary recommendations to limit cows' milk intakes in young children and consumption of iron‐fortified products appears to have contributed to improved iron status at two years.