bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Curved optical solitons subject to transverse acceleration in reorientational soft matter
Authors: Laudyn Urszula A. , Kwaśny Michał , Sala Filip A. , Karpierz Mirosław A. , Smyth Noel F. , Assanto Gaetano 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate that optical spatial solitons with non-rectilinear trajectories can be made to propagate in a uniaxial dielectric with a transversely modulated orientation of the optic axis. Exploiting the reorientational nonlinearity of nematic liquid crystals and imposing a linear variation of the background alignment of the molecular director, we observe solitons whose trajectories have either a monotonic or a non-monotonic curvature in the observation plane of propagation, depending on either the synergistic or counteracting roles of wavefront distortion and birefringent walk-off, respectively. The observed effect is well modelled in the weakly nonlinear regime using momentum conservation of the self-collimated beams in the presence of the spatial nonlocality of the medium response. Since reorientational solitons can act as passive waveguides for other weak optical signals, these results introduce a wealth of possibilities for all-optical signal routing and light-induced photonic interconnects.
Aluminium matrix tungsten aluminide and tungsten reinforced composites by solid-state diffusion mechanism
Authors: Zhang Hanzhu , Feng Peizhong , Akhtar Farid 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn-situ processing of tungsten aluminide and tungsten reinforced aluminium matrix composites from elemental tungsten (W) and aluminium (Al) was investigated by thermal analysis and pulsed current processing (PCP). The formation mechanism of tungsten aluminides in 80 at.% Al-20 at.% W system was controlled by atomic diffusion. The particle size of W and Al in the starting powder mixture regulated the phase formation and microstructure. PCP of micron sized elemental Al and W resulted in formation of particulate reinforcements, W, Al4W and Al12W, dispersed in Al matrix. W particles were surrounded by a ~3 μm thick dual-layer structure of Al12W and Al4W. The hardness of Al matrix, containing Al12W reinforcements, was increased by 50% compared to pure Al, from 0.3 GPa to 0.45 GPa and W reinforcements showed a hardness of 4.35 GPa. On PCP of 80 at.% Al-20 at.% W mixture with particle size of W and Al ~70 nm, resulted in formation of Al4W as major phase along with small fractions of Al5W and unreacted W phase. This suggested strongly that the particle size of the starting elemental Al and W could be the controlling parameter in processing and tailoring of phase evolution, microstructure of particulate reinforced Al matrix composite.
Interspecific behavioural synchronization: dogs exhibit locomotor synchrony with humans
Authors: Duranton Charlotte , Bedossa Thierry , Gaunet Florence 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBehavioural synchronization is widespread among living beings, including humans. Pairs of humans synchronize their behaviour in various situations, such as walking together. Affiliation between dyadic partners is known to promote behavioral synchronization. Surprisingly, however, interspecific synchronization has recived little scientific investigation. Dogs are sensitive to human cues, and share strong affiliative bonds with their owners. We thus investigated whether, when allowed to move freely in an enclosed unfamiliar space, dogs synchronize their behaviour with that of their owners’. We found that dogs visibly synchronized their location with their owner (staying in close proximity and moving to the same area), as well as their activity and temporal changes in activity (moving when their owner moved, standing still when their owner stood still, and gazing in the same direction as their owner). The present study demonstrates that owners act as attractors for their dogs in an indoor space, as mothers do for their children.
In situ solid-state fabrication of hybrid AgCl/AgI/AgIO3 with improved UV-to-visible photocatalytic performance
Authors: Xie Jing , Cao Yali , Jia Dianzeng , Li Yizhao , Wang Kun , Xu Hui 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe AgCl/AgI/AgIO3 composites were synthesized through a one-pot room-temperature in situ solid-state approach with the feature of convenient and eco-friendly. The as-prepared composites exhibit superior photocatalytic performance than pure AgIO3 for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under both UV and visible light irradiation. The photodegradation rate toward MO of the AgCl/AgI/AgIO3 photocatalyst can reach 100% after 12 min irradiation under UV light, or 85.4% after 50 min irradiation under visible light, being significantly higher than AgCl, AgI, AgIO3 and AgI/AgIO3. In addition, the AgCl/AgI/AgIO3 photocatalyst possesses strong photooxidation ability for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB), methylene blue (MB), phenol, bisphenol A (BPA) and tetracycline hydrochloride under visible light irradiation. The reactive species capture experiments confirmed that the h+ and •O2− play an essential role during the photocatalytic process under UV light or visible light irradiation. The enhanced effect may be beneficial from the enhanced light adsorption in full spectrum and increased separation efficiency of photogenerated hole-electron pairs, which can be ascribed to the synergistic effect among AgCl, AgI and AgIO3 nanoplates in AgCl/AgI/AgIO3 composites.
Liquid Marble as Bioreactor for Engineering Three-Dimensional Toroid Tissues
Authors: Vadivelu Raja K. , Kamble Harshad , Munaz Ahmed , Nguyen Nam-Trung 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLiquid marble is a liquid droplet coated with hydrophobic powder that can be used as a bioreactor. This paper reports the three-dimensional self-assembly and culture of a cell toroid in a slow-releasing, non-adhesive and evaporation-reducing bioreactor platform based on a liquid marble. The bioreactor is constructed by embedding a hydrogel sphere containing growth factor into a liquid marble filled with a suspension of dissociated cells. The hydrogel maintains the water content and concurrently acts as a slow-release carrier. The concentration gradient of growth factor induces cell migration and assembly into toroidal aggregates. An optimum cell concentration resulted in the toroidal (doughnut-like) tissue after 12 hours. The harvested cell toroids showed rapid closure of the inner opening when treated with the growth factor. We also present a geometric growth model to describe the shape of the toroidal tissue over time. In analogy to the classical two-dimensional scratch assay, we propose that the cell toroids reported here open up new possibilities to screen drugs affecting cell migration in three dimensions.
An improved finite‐state predictive torque control for switched reluctance motor drive
Authors: Li Cunhe , Wang Guofeng , Li Yan , Xu Aide 
Published: September 2017

This study proposes an improved finite‐state predictive torque control (FS‐PTC) to minimise the torque ripples of switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive. Firstly, based on the accurate analytical method, a discrete time model is established for predicting the future states of SRM drive system. Secondly, to reduce the computational burden, a new switching table is constructed for the predictive controller by using the sector partition technique. Further, the torque ripple, copper losses, and average switching frequency are considered synchronously by using a multi‐objective cost function. As a result, the proposed FS‐PTC method not only can minimise the torque ripple but also can reduce effectively the copper losses and average switching frequency. Finally, the experimental results are carried out for a three phase 12/8 poles 1.5 kW SRM with the proposed control algorithm and the results are compared with conventional direct instantaneous torque control algorithm. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Tracing the stellar component of low surface brightness Milky Way dwarf galaxies to their outskirts
Authors: Cicuéndez L. , Battaglia G. , Irwin M. , Bermejo-Climent J. R. , McMonigal B. , Bate N. F. , Lewis G. F. , Conn A. R. , de Boer T. J. L. , Gallart C. , Guglielmo M. , Ibata R. , McConnachie A. , Tolstoy E. , Fernando N. 
Published: September 2017

Aims.We present results from deep and very spatially extended CTIO/DECamgandrphotometry (reaching out to ~2 mag below the oldest main-sequence turn-off and covering ~20 deg2) around the Sextans dwarf spheroidal galaxy. We aim to use this dataset to study the structural properties of Sextans overall stellar population and its member stars in different evolutionary phases, as well as to search for possible signs of tidal disturbance from the Milky Way, which would indicate departure from dynamical equilibrium.Methods.We performed the most accurate and quantitative structural analysis to-date of Sextans’ stellar components by applying Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov chain methods to the individual stars’ positions. Surface density maps are built by statistically decontaminating the sample through a matched filter analysis of the colour-magnitude diagram, and then analysed for departures from axisymmetry.Results.Sextans is found to be significantly less spatially extended and more centrally concentrated than early studies suggested. No statistically significant distortions or signs of tidal disturbances were found down to a surface brightness limit of ~31.8 mag/arcsec2inV-band. We identify an overdensity in the central regions that may correspond to previously reported kinematic substructure(s). In agreement with previous findings, old and metal-poor stars such as Blue Horizontal Branch stars cover a much larger area than stars in other evolutionary phases, and bright Blue Stragglers (BSs) are less spatially extended than faint ones. However, the different spatial distribution of bright and faint BSs appears consistent with the general age and metallicity gradients found in Sextans’ stellar component. This is compatible with Sextans BSs having formed by evolution of binaries and not necessarily due to the presence of a central disrupted globular cluster, as suggested in the literature. We provide structural parameters for the various populations analysed and make publicly available the photometric catalogue of point-sources as well as a catalogue of literature spectroscopic measurements with updated membership probabilities.
Accuracy and Safety of Ventriculostomy Using Two Different Procedures of External Ventricular Drainage: A Single-Center Series
Authors: Wispel Christian , Borger Valeri , Güresir Ági , Vatter Hartmut , Güresir Erdem , Schuss Patrick 
Published: September 2017

Background and Study Aims Patients with acute hydrocephalus are treated by either insertion of a conventional external ventricular drain (EVD) or percutaneous needle trephination (PNT) at our institution, depending on the acuteness of intervention and the severity of illness. We compared both procedures regarding accuracy and safety necessitating surgical revision of EVD or PNT.
Methods Between January 2012 and January 2014, 451 ventriculostomies were performed in 301 patients at our institution. All patients underwent routine computed tomography after insertion of the ventricular drain during the treatment course. Patient characteristics, underlying pathology, ventriculostomy modality, radiologic features, catheter tip location, and treatment-related complications were analyzed.
Results A total of 307 of 451 ventriculostomy procedures (68%) were performed as conventional EVD, and 144 (32%) were performed as PNT. Overall, 11% of patients with conventional EVD underwent surgical revision due to lacking accuracy, infection, or hemorrhage; 7% of patients with PNT underwent surgical revision (p = 0.2). However, multivariate analysis revealed that only “hospital stay > 21 days” as an independent variable was significantly associated with surgical revision after ventriculostomy.
Conclusion The present data indicate that PNT has a similar safety profile in emergency situations in critically ill patients who need immediate treatment for acute hydrocephalus when compared with the conventional EVD procedure.
Fetal Thoracoamniotic Shunting in a Case of Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformations with Hydrops Fetalis
Authors: Nitta Hayase , Taira Yusuke , Kinjo Tadatsugu , Chinen Yukiko , Masamoto Hitoshi , Sanabe Naoya , Goya Hideki , Yoshida Tomohide , Sugibayashi Rika , Sumie Masahiro , Wada Seiji , Sago Haruhiko , Aoki Yoichi 
Published: September 2017

Aim We report a case of congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) with hydrops in which the fetus underwent thoracoamniotic shunting.
Case Report A 40-year-old (G1P1) woman was diagnosed with a macrocystic CPAM. Thoracoamniotic shunting was performed at 19 weeks of gestation but not well drained and was successfully performed again at 23 weeks. However, the CPAM volume ratio, abdominal circumference, and amniotic fluid index started increasing from 28 weeks and hydrops worsened. The insufficient shunting and the fetal cardiac failure had to be considered. At 32 weeks, a male infant with general edema and massive ascites was born weighing 3,362 g (+4.79 SD) with Apgar scores of 2 and 4. The infant was intubated and high-frequency oscillation and nitric oxide therapies were instituted. The resection of CPAM was performed on day 2. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure was instituted on day 16. The infant was discharged and prescribed with home oxygen therapy (HOT) on day 65. The infant was able to leave the HOT at 30 months and is currently 34 months of age in good condition.
Conclusion Fetal thoracoamniotic shunting may be life-saving in CPAM complicated by hydrops and that this treatment might be sufficient to cure the child.
Risk of Expectant Management and Optimal Timing of Delivery in Low-Risk Term Pregnancies: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Nazeer Sarah , Kumar Komal , Warren Morgan , Dai Jing , Sokol Robert , Vilchez Gustavo 
Published: September 2017

Objective The benefits of the 39-week rule have been questioned and concerns of increased stillbirth after adoption of this rule have been raised. Whether expectant management risks outweigh the benefits of awaiting 39 weeks has not been studied. We analyze the risks of expectant management at term and the optimal timing for delivery.
Study Design All U.S. nonanomalous singleton term deliveries in 2013 were selected, excluding diabetes/hypertension, and low birth weight. Maternal/neonatal complications and stillbirth/infant death were compared among expectant management versus deliveries at each term gestational age. Logistic regression was used to calculate adjust odds ratios of complications according to delivery plan at each gestational age.
Results From approximately 3 million deliveries, maternal complications during expectant management were lower at early term, and became higher at 39 weeks, relative risk [RR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) = 1.18 (1.16–1.19). Neonatal complications during expectant management were lower during early term, and became higher at ≥39 weeks, RR (95% CI) = 1.09 (1.08–1.09). The risk of perinatal mortality in the expectant management group was lower during early term, and became higher at ≥39 weeks, 18.93 (17.83–20.10) versus 17.37 (16.61–18.16), p = 0.010.
Conclusion Complications during expectant management occurring while awaiting full term do not outweigh the benefits of better outcomes from reaching 39 weeks. However, extending beyond 39 weeks may put these pregnancies at an increased risk.
Übergewicht und Nierenerkrankungen – renale Risiken einer „Epidemie“
Authors: Schiffl Helmut , Lang Susanne 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOverweight and obesity are widespread in the German population, affecting not only adults but also a significant number of children and adolescents. The risk to develop chronic kidney disease is markedly increased in overweight or adipose children, adolescents and adults.Overweight and obesity induced risk factors have a direct impact on the development of chronic renal disease (obesity-associated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis). They accelerate the progression of coexistent nephropathies (diabetic or hypertensive nephropathy, primary glomerulonephritides) and are independent risk factors for the development of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients.Obesity induced nephropathies are basically preventible. Marked weight reduction, normoglycemia and control of hypertension may contribute to an improved glomerular filtration rate and/or reduced proteinuria in early stages of renal damage.The prevalence of kidney diseases in Germany is 13 % and estimated 80 000 patients need renal replacement therapy. In order to avoid a further rapid increase in numbers, preventive measures should be enforced more rigorously.It is necessary to raise the awareness of the negative consequences of obesity in the general public, to motivate the public to adopt a healthier lifestyle and to install nephrological surveillance to contain the obesity „epidemic“.
Attentive tourists: the importance of co-creative experiences.
Authors: Campos A. C. , Mendes J. , Valle P. , Scott N. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

This chapter focuses on co-creative on-site tourist experiences and how these stimulate attention and contribute to increased memorability. The chapter presents a case study of tourist experience and behaviour in the Dolphin Emotions Experience (DEE) at Zoomarine Park, Algarve, Portugal.
Well-being benefits from mindful experiences.
Authors: Chen ILing [Chen I. L. L. ] , Scott N. , Benckendorff P. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

The study presented in this chapter adopts 'meditative mindfulness' as the theoretical foundation to examine if day-to-day leisure activities involved in travel could lead to well-being benefits. It is revealed that the studied Taiwanese backpackers experienced mindful states during their travels in Australia. These experiences occurred during open-ended backpacking journeys, at a range of different types of sites and in unplanned situations. Two main types of triggers facilitate a meditative mindful state: aesthetic appreciation and atmosphere of tranquility. The experiences led the tourists to gain benefits such as peace, mental relaxation, stress release and somatic relaxation.
Liquid segregation behaviour of a semi-solid squeeze cast A356 aluminium cup-shaped part
Authors: Seiyed Beigi Mir Taher , Niroumand Behzad 
Published: September 2017

In this study, the effects of pouring temperature (solid fraction of primary particles) on the structure and liquid segregation behaviour of a cup-shaped semi-solid rheocast processed casting made from the A356 aluminium alloy were investigated. Results showed that the solid fraction of primary particles at the bottom of the castings was greater than in other parts of the castings, and the highest liquid segregation occurred in the mid-height (wall) of the castings. Liquid segregation was increased with an increase in the initial solid fraction of primary particles. The critical solid fraction at pouring for minimum liquid segregation was found to be approximately 25%. This paper is part of a thematic issue on Light Alloys.
Clonal deletion of T cell repertoires with specific T cell receptor Vβ chains by two endogenous superantigens in NC/Nga mice
Authors: Ohkusu-Tsukada Kozo , Tsukada Teruyo , Takahashi Kimimasa 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSuperantigens (SAgs) are powerful T-cell stimulatory proteins. Because an atopic dermatitis (AD) model NC/Nga mice had two endogenous SAgs, namely minor lymphocyte-stimulating locus-1a (Mls-1a) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)(SHN), SAg-responsive T-cells bearing Vβ5.1, Vβ6, Vβ8.1, Vβ8.2, Vβ8.3, Vβ9, and Vβ11 should be endogenously deleted. Here, we discuss that the endogenous SAgs-expression may be involved in AD-sensitivity in NC/Nga mice.
CCmiR: a computational approach for competitive and cooperative microRNA binding prediction
Authors: Ding Jun , Li Xiaoman , Hu Haiyan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Motivation
The identification of microRNA (miRNA) target sites is important. In the past decade, dozens of computational methods have been developed to predict miRNA target sites. Despite their existence, rarely does a method consider the well-known competition and cooperation among miRNAs when attempts to discover target sites. To fill this gap, we developed a new approach called CCmiR, which takes the cooperation and competition of multiple miRNAs into account in a statistical model to predict their target sites.

Results
Tested on four different datasets, CCmiR predicted miRNA target sites with a high recall and a reasonable precision, and identified known and new cooperative and competitive miRNAs supported by literature. Compared with three state-of-the-art computational methods, CCmiR had a higher recall and a higher precision.

Availability and implementation
CCmiR is freely available at http://hulab.ucf.edu/research/projects/miRNA/CCmiR.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
AQUa: an adaptive framework for compression of sequencing quality scores with random access functionality
Authors: Paridaens Tom , Van Wallendael Glenn , De Neve Wesley , Lambert Peter 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Motivation
The past decade has seen the introduction of new technologies that significantly lowered the cost of genome sequencing. As a result, the amount of genomic data that must be stored and transmitted is increasing exponentially. To mitigate storage and transmission issues, we introduce a framework for lossless compression of quality scores.

Results
This article proposes AQUa, an adaptive framework for lossless compression of quality scores. To compress these quality scores, AQUa makes use of a configurable set of coding tools, extended with a Context-Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding scheme. When benchmarking AQUa against generic single-pass compressors, file sizes are reduced by up to 38.49% when comparing with GNU Gzip and by up to 6.48% when comparing with 7-Zip at the Ultra Setting, while still providing support for random access. When comparing AQUa with the purpose-built, single-pass, and state-of-the-art compressor SCALCE, which does not support random access, file sizes are reduced by up to 21.14%. When comparing AQUa with the purpose-built, dual-pass, and state-of-the-art compressor QVZ, which does not support random access, file sizes are larger by 6.42–33.47%. However, for one test file, the file size is 0.38% smaller, illustrating the strength of our single-pass compression framework. This work has been spurred by the current activity on genomic information representation (MPEG-G) within the ISO/IEC SC29/WG11 technical committee.

Availability and implementation
The software is available on Github: https://github.com/tparidae/AQUa.
Linear Recurrences for Cylindrical Networks
Authors: Galashin Pavel , Pylyavskyy Pavlo 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We prove a general theorem that gives a linear recurrence for tuples of paths in every cylindrical network. This can be seen as a cylindrical analog of the Lindström–Gessel–Viennot theorem. We illustrate the result by applying it to Schur functions, plane partitions, and domino tilings.