bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teachers’ Questioning Practices in Chinese Secondary Biology Classrooms
Authors: Zhang Zhongyan , Lamb Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcross the curriculum, the questions that teachers ask in class direct learners’ attention to key subject matter, and shape what they learn. This paper examines the types of questions that Chinese school Biology teachers ask, and considers how and why they vary their questioning in the context of scientific practices. Six teachers from four schools in Xi’an City in mainland China took part. Three lessons were observed for each teacher, followed by interviews in which teachers were asked to focus on specific teaching episodes and explain their questioning. Findings reveal that teachers’ questions were mostly closed-ended, but in certain types of lessons their questions were more open and they used questions to manage class discussion. Teacher questioning is affected by personal beliefs, institutional working practices, and external policy shift, and teachers experienced tension in navigating between these factors. The results have important implications for policy and practice; for example, teacher educators need to recognize the complexity of teacher questioning and encourage teachers to discuss the challenges associated with asking more open questions, while policy-makers need to acknowledge the impact their decisions can have at the classroom level.
Online Metaphor Comprehension in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: An Eye Tracking Study
Authors: O’Shea Aimee , Cersosimo Rita , Engelhardt Paul E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate novel metaphor comprehension in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous literature is conflicting about whether individuals with ASD have impairment in this particular type of figurative language. Participants in the study completed a visual world paradigm eye-tracking task, which involved selecting an interpretation of an auditorily presented sentence (i.e. a picture-sentence matching task), where images corresponded to literal and metaphorical interpretations. Thus, the study also investigated online processing, via reaction times and eye movements. Forty adults participated in the study (18 with ASD and 22 typically-developing controls). Each participant completed the AQ questionnaire and had their vocabulary assessed. Results showed that participants with ASD comprehended metaphorical utterances with the same accuracy as controls. However, they had significantly slower reaction times, and specifically, were approximately 800 ms slower. Analysis of eye movements revealed that participants with ASD showed significantly longer fixation times on both the target and distractor image, the latter of which suggests difficulty overcoming the literal interpretation. Consistent with some prior studies, we showed that adults with ASD are not impaired in novel metaphor comprehension, but they were clearly less efficient. Verbal abilities did not significantly relate to performance. Finally, our online processing measure (eye tracking) provided us with insights into the nature of the ASD inefficiency (i.e. a literality bias).
The Chinese Freedom Schools: Historicizing and intersecting Lau with Brown
Authors: Morita-Mullaney Trish 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Chinese of Chinatown, San Francisco largely opposed the city-wide racial integration plan that would bus their children across the city beginning in 1971. Claiming that it was a violation of their language rights, a need for cultural preservation and continued autonomy from the San Francisco that had long excluded them, Chinatown instituted its own school system called the Chinese Freedom Schools. With this boycott of the public schools, the Chinese were constituted as oppositional to the aims of racial integration, searing constructions of them as being pro-White, anti-Black, and separatist. Yet, such a simplistic and binary argument omits the long history of exclusion including employment, schooling, housing, and voting discrimination as evidenced by the Chinese Exclusion Act (1882–1965), the only law to exclude a specifically named ethnolinguistic group. To historicize and understand the Chinese Freedom Schools, I analyze this phenomenon using a racial matrix where Asians have long occupied a liminal, in-between space as perpetually foreign, unassimilable, and as a suspect class. Drawing from the theories and concepts of LangCrit, raciolinguistic ideologies and Asian American studies, I examine how agents, institutions, the press, and policies imposed, assumed, or negotiated specific identities of the Chinese during the development, implementation, and dissolution of the Chinese Freedom Schools. I analyze how the Chinese were constructed as uncooperative, creating a competitive cleavage among Asians and Blacks, while dismissing the centrality of White families who largely moved out of the system, avoiding critique. Implications for language-in-education policy are proposed for Lau’s 50th anniversary.
Directions of objectivity. Cassirer on art as a symbolic language
Authors: Filieri Luigi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this paper I argue that 1) art is, for Cassirer, a symbolic language whereby images (or poetic expressions) work analogously to verbal signs in order to frame and codify meaningful objective contents, namely symbolic formations that constitute objects in a specific region of culture. I claim that 2a) both art and language rely on what I call symbolic-poietic mimesis: a function meant to 2b) combine imitative and constructive states in order to shape a proto-meaningful core according to its symbolic pregnance and 3a) employ forms that are, on the one hand, pure (not derived from experience) and, on the other hand, sensuous (figurative signs). The idea is that while 4a) both language and art are oriented towards objectivity as the constitution of cultural objects, 4b) they also differ in their respective directions. On the one hand, language pursues stable and fixed verbal references. On the other, art relies on moving and living forms meant to codify a dynamic weft of aesthetic values.
Influence of dietary lysolecithin on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, haemato-biochemistry, and oxidative status of broiler birds
Authors: Ani Augustine Ogbonna , Onodugo Matthew Onyeka , Ogwuegbu Mercy Chisara , Udeh Valentine Chidozie , Mthiyane Doctor Mziwenkosi Nhlanhla 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study examined the effect of dietary lysolecithin on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, haematobiochemistry, and oxidative status in finisher broiler chickens. In a completely randomized design (CRD), 300 21-day-old Chikun strain chicks were randomly allocated to 30 pens in which they were allotted to 5 dietary treatments as follows TI (0 g /100kg), T2 (100 g /100kg), T3 (200 g /100kg), T4 (300 g /100kg), T5 (400 g /100kg) of feed with 6 replicates pens of 10 during the finisher phase (28 days). Results showed that dietary supplementation with lysolecithin increased the final body weight (FBW) (quadratic P = 0.0178), body weight gain (BWG) (quadratic P = 0.0232), whilst it decreased the total feed intake (TFI) (linear P = 0.0104). Similarly, it linearly increased the retention of dry matter (P = 0.0324); crude protein (P = 0.0029), crude fibre (P = 0.0147), and crude fat (P = 0.0002). Furthermore, it increased the superoxide dismutase (linear P < 0.001), glutathione peroxidase (quadratic P < 0.001), glutathione (linear P < 0.001), whilst it decreased malondialdehyde (linear P = 0.003), without affecting (P > 0.05) the haematobiochemistry parameters. Therefore, dietary lysolecithin could be supplemented up to 400 g /100 kg without compromising performance, nutrient retention, haemato-biochemistry, and oxidative status in finisher broiler diets.
The P2X7R is a crucial target for Angiotensin II-induced myocardial ferroptosis and remodeling
Authors: Shatat Abdel-Aziz S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOngoing cardiac remodeling can lead to negative outcomes, such as cardiac failure and diminished myocardial function, although the remodeling process initially protects the heart as a compensatory mechanism[1] . Importantly, ferroptosis appears to be a critical process in the development of cardiac disease. In a recent publication in Redox Biology, (Zhong et al. [2] showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cardiac ferroptosis may be the mechanisms underlying angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced cardiac remodeling, as well as that ferroptosis is required for heart impairment and cardiac dysfunction induced by Ang II. Moreover, this study provides evidence that Ang II increases the expression of P2X7 receptors (P2X7R) in cardiac tissues and that both silencing and pharmacological inhibition of P2X7R significantly inhibited Ang II-induced ferroptosis and hypertrophy. Also, this work confirmed that P2X7R deficiency mitigated the Ang II-induced deterioration of cardiac injury in mice fed an iron-rich diet. Most interestingly, this study revealed that Ang II directly interacts with the P2X7R to activate and induce nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of human antigen R (HuR), which in turn controls the stability of the mRNA of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and GPX4 and subsequent ROS production, which translated to induction of myocardial ferroptosis and remodeling.
Acquired hemophilia A as a disease of the elderly: A comprehensive review of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and novel therapy
Authors: Lehoczki Andrea , Fekete Mónika , Mikala Gábor , Bodó Imre 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcquired hemophilia A (AHA) is a rare autoimmune bleeding disorder characterized by the development of neutralizing autoantibodies (inhibitors) against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII). This review provides an in-depth exploration of AHA, covering its epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, complications, and treatment strategies, focusing on recent advancements. AHA can manifest in both men and women with no prior bleeding history. The annual incidence is estimated to be approximately 1 case per million individuals in the general population. The incidence increases significantly with age: the incidence among individuals aged 60 years or older is approximately 3 to 4 cases per million individuals per year. Typically, patients present with an acquired bleeding disorder that is characterized by an isolated, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time stemming from FVIII deficiency. Diagnosis relies on the detection of neutralizing antibodies using the Nijmegen-modified Bethesda assay. Hemostatic control strategies involve bypassing agents like recombinant activated factor VII, activated prothrombin complex concentrate, and recombinant porcine FVIII for bleeding patients. Emicizumab, a novel bypassing agent, exhibits several potential advantages. In the realm of immunosuppressive treatment for inhibitor eradication, the CyDRi regimen emerged as a remarkable advancement, significantly enhancing the outlook for the management of AHA even in the elderly frail population.
Age-induced changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial DNA synthesis, quantity, and quality in genetically unique rats
Authors: Musci Robert V. , Fuqua Jordan D. , Peelor Frederick F. , Nguyen Hoang Van Michelle , Richardson Arlan , Choi Solbie , Miller Benjamin F. , Wanagat Jonathan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMitochondrial genomic integrity is a key element of physiological processes and health. Changes in the half-life of the mitochondrial genome are implicated in the generation and accumulation of age-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations, which are implicated in skeletal muscle aging and sarcopenia. There are conflicting data on the half-life of mtDNA, and there is limited information on how aging affects half-life in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that skeletal muscle mtDNA synthesis rates would decrease with age in both female and male rats concomitant with changes in mtDNA integrity reflected in mtDNA copy number and mutation frequency. We measured mitochondrial genome half-life using stable isotope labeling over a period of 14 days and assessed mtDNA copy number and deletion mutation frequency using digital PCR in the quadriceps muscle of 9-month-old and 26-month-old male and female OKC-HET rats. We found a significant age-related increase in mtDNA half-life, from 132 days at 9 months to 216 days at 26 months of age in OKC-HET quadriceps. Concomitant with the increase in mtDNA half-life, we found an age-related increase in mtDNA deletion mutation frequency in both male and female rats. Notably, 26-month-old female rats had a lower mutation frequency than male rats, and there were no changes in mtDNA copy number with sex, age, or mitochondrial genotype. These data reveal several key findings: (1) mtDNA turnover in rat skeletal muscle decreases with age, (2) mtDNA half-lives in skeletal muscle are approximately an order of magnitude longer than what is reported for other tissues, and (3) muscle mtDNA turnover differs significantly from the turnover of other mitochondrial macromolecules including components of the mitochondrial nucleoid. These findings provide insight into the factors driving age-induced mtDNA mutation accumulation, which contribute to losses of mitochondrial genomic integrity and may play a role in skeletal muscle dysfunction.
Preferring to work from home
Authors: Furnham Adrian , Cuppello Stephen , Semmelink David S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhat sort of people like to work from home (WFH)? In this study 1185 adults from different sectors and countries completed a work-related personality test (HPTI) and a self-esteem measure as well as indicating their preference for WFH. Correlations showed that those who were less Adjusted, Conscientious, and Risking Taking showed a preference for WFH. The regression suggested the strongest indicator was sex, degree status, and trait Conscientiousness. We split the sample by sex, age and education and reran the six regressions. Conscientiousness was consistently significant, though other personality factors were important for non-graduates. Explanations and implications of this finding are discussed. The limitations of a cross-sectional study using only self-report data is acknowledged.
Ophiolites: Geological Heritage with Multifaceted Cultural Values
Authors: Ferrando Andrea , Faccini Francesco , Coratza Paola 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCultural geomorphology is a very recent discipline that studies the geomorphological component of a territory which embodies both a cultural feature of the landscape and its interactions with cultural heritage: this cultural approach concerns the dialogue and cultural integration between humanistic and scientific disciplines and can be extended to all the fields of Earth Sciences. Ophiolite rock masses strongly characterize the landscape: their greenish-black, sometimes red-brown colour; the steep profile of the slopes, which results from their greater resistance to erosion than the surrounding softer sedimentary rocks; the scarce or even absent vegetation cover. The value of ophiolites is not only related to scientific and aesthetic interests, but is also due to historical–geographical, cultural and socio-economic issues. In this research, we present the elements of cultural and landscape value related to the ophiolites of the Northern Apennines, and how these geological and geomorphological features have led to specific relationships with humankind and human geography. Indeed, ophiolites represent characteristic elements of popular culture with immediate reference to toponymy, local legends and religion. Ophiolites are also an element of great strategic importance, as they are crucial for human settlement, with specific reference to defence, and for mining and quarrying activities. The landscape of ophiolites is of great geological, geomorphological, hydrogeological and pedological interest, resulting in a high concentration of geosites, hence on the one hand the opportunity for enhancement and potential geotourism, and on the other hand the need for their protection and geoconservation.
Fluchtlinien sozialpädagogischer Theorien – Eine Re- und Dekonstruktion aus einer diskursanalytischen Perspektive
Authors: Düker Jan , Humme Mark 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDas von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderte Projekt „Fluchtlinien sozialpädagogischer Theorien – eine Re- und Dekonstruktion aus einer diskursanalytischen Perspektive“ untersucht disziplinäre Theoriebildung in einer systematisch-empirischen Perspektive. Ziel des Projekts ist es, den sozialpädagogischen Theoriediskurs seit der sozialwissenschaftlichen Wende bis in die Gegenwart aus einer diskursanalytischen Perspektive zu re- und dekonstruieren. Dabei wird analysiert, welche Art von (hegemonialem) symbolischem Wissensraum durch sozialpädagogische Theorien erzeugt wird und wie dieser gleichzeitig durch vielfältige Bezüge aktualisiert und transformiert wird. Dadurch sollen die Entstehungs- und Differenzierungsprozesse der sozialpädagogischen Theoriebildung in einer historischen Perspektive empirisch sichtbar gemacht werden. Damit steht das Forschungsvorhaben vor der Herausforderung, die Vielfalt der (symbolischen) Kontexte sozialpädagogischer Theorien zu berücksichtigen und gleichzeitig zu untersuchen, wie Texte über einzelne Kontexte hinauswirken. Um die Heterogenität im sozialpädagogischen Theoriediskurs zu beleuchten, setzt das Projekt auf zwei unterschiedliche, aber sich ergänzende methodologische Ansätze: die Hegemonieanalyse nach Nonhoff und die äußerungslinguistische Diskursanalyse nach Angermüller. Die Hegemonieanalyse fokussiert darauf, wie (symbolische) Elemente innerhalb des Diskurses positioniert werden und zielt darauf ab, die Struktur des diskursiven Raumes zu rekonstruieren. Im Gegensatz dazu wird mit der äußerungslinguistischen Diskursanalyse die Mikroebene in den Blick genommen, um zu verfolgen, wie hegemonialer Sinn im Diskurs auseinanderfällt.
Bacteriocin Antagonistic Potentials of Lactococcus cremoris and Lactococcus lactis Isolates from Different Habitats
Authors: Tang Taya , Leisner Jørgen J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt has not been extensively examined if the ecological role of lactic acid bacterial bacteriocins may affect their distribution in different habitats and thereby impact screenings for novel variants. Further, the functionality of such variants requires additional investigation. This study investigated the distribution of bacteriocin biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and bacteriocinogenic activity of Lactococcus cremoris and Lactococcus lactis from a range of different environments. Whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of fifty L. cremoris and L. lactis strains showed distinct species clustering without significant genome size differences between species or sources. Genomic screening with AntiSMASH and BAGEL4 identified several BGCs, with variation based on species but not on habitat. Deferred inhibition assays revealed pronounced activity only in strains possessing nisin or lactococcin B BGCs and not in strains with other BGCs. Several hitherto undescribed types of lactococcin BGCs appeared to be incomplete regarding genes encoding secretion and immunity. In conclusion, this study indicates that habitats did not appear to affect distribution of BGCs. Further, the antagonistic functionality of several BGCs was unclear indicating that improving applications of lactococcal bacteriocins may depend as much or more on research on increasing efficacy of well-known bacteriocins than searching for novel variants.
Adversarial attacks on machine learning-aided visualizations
Authors: Fujiwara Takanori , Kucher Kostiantyn , Wang Junpeng , Martins Rafael M. , Kerren Andreas , Ynnerman Anders 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Research in ML4VIS investigates how to use machine learning (ML) techniques to generate visualizations, and the field is rapidly growing with high societal impact. However, as with any computational pipeline that employs ML processes, ML4VIS approaches are susceptible to a range of ML-specific adversarial attacks. These attacks can manipulate visualization generations, causing analysts to be tricked and their judgments to be impaired. Due to a lack of synthesis from both visualization and ML perspectives, this security aspect is largely overlooked by the current ML4VIS literature. To bridge this gap, we investigate the potential vulnerabilities of ML-aided visualizations from adversarial attacks using a holistic lens of both visualization and ML perspectives. We first identify the attack surface (i.e., attack entry points) that is unique in ML-aided visualizations. We then exemplify five different adversarial attacks. These examples highlight the range of possible attacks when considering the attack surface and multiple different adversary capabilities. Our results show that adversaries can induce various attacks, such as creating arbitrary and deceptive visualizations, by systematically identifying input attributes that are influential in ML inferences. Based on our observations of the attack surface characteristics and the attack examples, we underline the importance of comprehensive studies of security issues and defense mechanisms as a call of urgency for the ML4VIS community.

Graphical abstract
Comprehensive in silico CpG methylation analysis in hepatocellular carcinoma identifies tissue- and tumor-type specific marks disconnected from gene expression
Authors: Bilbao Idoia , Recalde Miriam , Daian Fabrice , Herranz José Maria , Elizalde María , Iñarrairaegui Mercedes , Canale Matteo , Fernández-Barrena Maite G. , Casadei-Gardini Andrea , Sangro Bruno , Ávila Matías A. , Landecho Acha Manuel F. , Berasain Carmen , Arechederra María 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDNA methylation is crucial for chromatin structure, transcription regulation and genome stability, defining cellular identity. Aberrant hypermethylation of CpG-rich regions is common in cancer, influencing gene expression. However, the specific contributions of individual epigenetic modifications to tumorigenesis remain under investigation. In hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), DNA methylation alterations are documented as in other tumor types. We aimed to identify hypermethylated CpGs in HCC, assess their specificity across other tumor types, and investigate their impact on gene expression. To this end, public methylomes from HCC, other liver diseases, and 27 tumor types as well as expression data from TCGA-LIHC and GTEx were analyzed. This study identified 39 CpG sites that were hypermethylated in HCC compared to control liver tissue, and were located within promoter, gene bodies, and intergenic CpG islands. Notably, these CpGs were predominantly unmethylated in healthy liver tissue and other normal tissues. Comparative analysis with 27 other tumors revealed both common and HCC-specific hypermethylated CpGs. Interestingly, the HCC-hypermethylated genes showed minimal expression in the different healthy tissues, with marginal changes in the level of expression in the corresponding tumors. These findings confirm previous evidence on the limited influence of DNA hypermethylation on gene expression regulation in cancer. It also highlights the existence of mechanisms that allow the selection of tissue-specific methylation marks in normally unexpressed genes during carcinogenesis. Overall, our study contributes to demonstrate the complexity of cancer epigenetics, emphasizing the need of better understanding the interplay between DNA methylation, gene expression dynamics, and tumorigenesis.
Graphical Abstract