bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inappropriate preinjury warfarin use in trauma patients
Authors: Hon HH , Elmously A , Stehly CD , Stoltzfus JC , Granson MA , Stawicki SP , Hoey BA 
Published: January 2016

Introduction:
Warfarin continues to be widely prescribed for a variety of conditions. It has been shown that preinjury warfarin may worsen outcomes in trauma patients. We hypothesized that a substantial proportion of injured patients seen at our institution were receiving preinjury warfarin for inappropriate indications and that a significant number of such patients had subtherapeutic or supratherapeutic international normalized ratios as well as increased mortality.

Materials and Methods:
A retrospective review of registry data from a Level I trauma center was conducted for the period from January 2004 to July 2013. Included were patients aged ≥22 years (based on the youngest recorded patient on warfarin in this study). Abstracted variables included patient age, Injury Severity Score (ISS), Maximum Abbreviated Injury Score for Head (MAISH), mortality, hospital length of stay (HLOS), indication(s) for anticoagulant therapy, admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), and admission international normalized ratio (INR). Suitability of warfarin indication(s) was determined using the most recent American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) Guidelines. Inappropriate warfarin administration was defined as use inconsistent with these guidelines. For outcome comparisons, a case-control design with 1:1 ratio was used, matching patients taking preinjury warfarin to a random sample of trauma patients who were not taking warfarin. Severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI) was defined as MAISH ≥4.

Results:
A total of 700 out of 14,583 patients aged ≥22 years were receiving preinjury warfarin (4.8% incidence, WG). This group was age- and ISS-matched with 700 patients (4.8% total sample) who were not taking warfarin (NWG) in a total case-control sample of 1,400. The two groups were similar in age, gender, ISS, and initial GCS. According to the ACCP guidelines, 115/700 (16.4%) patients in the warfarin group were receiving anticoagulation for inappropriate indications. Nearly 65% of the patients were outside of their intended INR therapeutic window (43.4% subtherapeutic, 21.6% supratherapeutic). Overall, median HLOS was greater among patients taking preinjury warfarin (4 days vs 2 days, P < 0.010). Mortality was higher in the WG (7.4% or 52/700) than in the NWG (1.9% or 13/700, P < 0.010). Patients with sTBI in the WG had significantly greater mortality (12.8% or 34/266) than those with sTBI in the NWG (5.3% or 9/169, P < 0.013).

Conclusion:
A significant proportion of trauma patients admitted to our institution were noted to take warfarin for inappropriate indications. Moreover, many patients taking warfarin had either subtherapeutic or supratherapeutic INR. Although warfarin use did not independently predict mortality, preinjury warfarin use was associated with greater mortality and HLOS in the subset of patients with sTBI. Safety initiatives directed at better initiation and management of warfarin are needed.
La Familia: Formadora primigenia
Authors: Villalobos Pérez-Cortés Marveya 
Published: January 2016

El carácter familiar es un reflejo de la realidad de la vida social. Se sustenta en las familias, principalmente aquellas que funcionan y permanecen en el tiempo, creando un haz de relaciones interpersonales e intergeneracionales. Su presencia otorga estabilidad y continuidad en el tiempo a sus integrantes y, promueve un proyecto que trasciende a cada uno y genera bienestar para todos.La familia, formadora primigenia, acoge, escucha, comprende, advierte y aconseja, por ende es necesario la renovación de la familia de siempre para tiempos nuevos. Apoyar a la familia en su parte orgánica, estructural y funcional que como todo ser vivo, requiere conservarse y renovarse, reforzando el matrimonio estable, prestigiando y favoreciendo la maternidad, formando familias fuertes y estables. La institución familiar es un referente como soporte de la sociedad, al anteponer en su actuación diaria, los principios morales y éticos, así como la honestidad.
Exact Solutions for Fractional Differential-Difference Equations by (G'/G)-Expansion Method with Modified Riemann-Liouville Derivative
Authors: Bekir Ahmet , Guner Ozkan , Ayhan Burcu , Cevikel Adem C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the (G'/G)-expansion method is suggested to establish new exact solutions for fractional differential-difference equations in the sense of modified Riemann-Liouville derivative. The fractional complex transform is proposed to convert a fractional partial differential difference equation into its differential difference equation of integer order. With the aid of symbolic computation, we choose nonlinear lattice equations to illustrate the validity and advantages of the algorithm. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is effective and can be used for many other nonlinear lattice equations in mathematical physics and applied mathematics.
Impact of Linear Operator on the Convergence of HAM Solution: a Modified Operator Approach
Authors: Hussain S. T. , Nadeem S. , Qasim M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract.The linear operator plays an important role in the computational process of Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). In HAM frame any kind of linear operator can be chosen to develop a solution. Hence, it is easy to introduce the modified/physical parameter dependent linear operators. The effective use of these operators has been judged through solving fluid flow problems. Modification in linear operators affects the solution and improves the computational efficiency of HAM for larger values of parameters. The convergence rate of the solution is rapid and several times higher resulting in lesser computational time.
A Two-Level Method for Pressure Projection Stabilized P1 Nonconforming Approximation of the Semi-Linear Elliptic Equations
Authors: Zhang Sufang , Yan Hongxia , Jia Hongen 
Published: January 2016

Abstract.In this paper, we study a new stabilized method based on the local pressure projection to solve the semi-linear elliptic equation. The proposed scheme combines nonconforming finite element pairs NCP1–P1 triangle element and two-level method, which has a number of attractive computational properties: parameter-free, avoiding higher-order derivatives or edge-based data structures, but have more favorable stability and less support sets. Stability analysis and error estimates have been done. Finally, numerical experiments to check estimates are presented.
The Development of Patient Scheduling Groups for an Effective Appointment System
Authors: Li Huang Yu 
Published: January 2016

SummaryPatient access to care and long wait times has been identified as major problems in outpatient delivery systems. These aspects impact medical staff productivity, service quality, clinic efficiency, and health-care cost.This study proposed to redesign existing patient types into scheduling groups so that the total cost of clinic flow and scheduling flexibility was minimized. The optimal scheduling group aimed to improve clinic efficiency and accessibility.The proposed approach used the simulation optimization technique and was demonstrated in a Primary Care physician clinic. Patient type included, emergency/urgent care (ER/UC), follow-up (FU), new patient (NP), office visit (OV), physical exam (PE), and well child care (WCC). One scheduling group was designed for this physician. The approach steps were to collect physician treatment time data for each patient type, form the possible scheduling groups, simulate daily clinic flow and patient appointment requests, calculate costs of clinic flow as well as appointment flexibility, and find the scheduling group that minimized the total cost.The cost of clinic flow was minimized at the scheduling group of four, an 8.3% reduction from the group of one. The four groups were: 1. WCC, 2. OV, 3. FU and ER/UC, and 4. PE and NP. The cost of flexibility was always minimized at the group of one. The total cost was minimized at the group of two. WCC was considered separate and the others were grouped together. The total cost reduction was 1.3% from the group of one.This study provided an alternative method of redesigning patient scheduling groups to address the impact on both clinic flow and appointment accessibility. Balance between them ensured the feasibility to the recognized issues of patient service and access to care. The robustness of the proposed method on the changes of clinic conditions was also discussed.
Modelado y simulación de la cadena de suministro con AnyLogic®
Authors: Andres Beatriz , Sanchis Raquel , Poler Raul 
Published: January 2016

<p><em>En este artículo se presenta una herramienta de software AnyLogic</em><em>, para el modelado y simulación de la Cadena de Suministro (CS) proporcionando ayuda a la toma de decisiones a través de la simulación de escenarios de un mismo modelo de CS. AnyLogic</em><em> da soporte a las metodologías de simulación más conocidas: sistemas de eventos discretos, dinámica de sistemas y modelado de agentes. Este artículo se centra en el contexto de dinámica de sistemas permitiendo la simulación de dos tipos de CS: colaborativa y no-colaborativa. Finalmente, se presenta un ejemplo ilustrativo en AnyLogic</em><em> que permite comparar los dos modelos de CS (i) no-colaborativa vs. (ii) colaborativa, caracterizada por un modelo de Inventario Administrado por el Proveedor (en inglés Supplier Managed Inventory, SMI), en la que existe colaboración entre el proveedor y el fabricante de la CS.</em></p>
Coloreando el Álgebra Lineal
Authors: Murillo Arcila Marina , Beltrán Meneu María José 
Published: January 2016

<p>En este trabajo se presenta un ejemplo de cómo introducir conceptos básicos de Álgebra Lineal en un primer curso de Ingeniería a partir del modelo de color RGB basado en la síntesis aditiva de los tres colores de luz primarios rojo, verde y azul. Utilizando este modelo se pretende establecer una conexión entre la obtención de colores por adición y los conceptos matemáticos de espacio vectorial, combinación lineal de vectores y envoltura convexa. Para visualizar esta conexión nos ayudamos del software Geogebra.</p>
Complejidad en el proceso de modelización de una tarea estadística
Authors: Aymerich Restoy Àngels , Albarracín Gordo Lluís 
Published: January 2016

<p>En este artículo presentamos un analisis cualitativo del proceso de modelizacion de un grupo de trabajo formado por alumnos de 15-16 años trabajando en una actividad estadística con datos reales.</p><p>En concreto, identicamos las fases del proceso de modelizacion siguiendo el ciclo de modelizacion de Blum and LeiB (2007) y discutimos los resultados<br />desde la perspectiva de las dicultades encontradas durante el analisis y la complejidad del proceso de modelizacion analizado.</p>
La innovación en la enseñanza de la Geometría Descriptiva. El uso de las herramientas digitales y el estudio de casos reales
Authors: Cabezos-Bernal Pedro M. , Cisneros-Vivó Juan J. 
Published: January 2016

<p class="Abstract">La introducción del ordenador en las disciplinas gráficas se va generalizando poco a poco en la mayoría de Escuelas de Arquitectura. Esta comunicación pretende mostrar nuestra experiencia y adaptación de los contenidos al entorno de diseño tridimensional que ofrecen las herramientas de diseño actuales, prestando especial atención a la selección de los casos prácticos que el alumno debe acometer. Cada año planteamos un elenco distinto de modelos arquitectónicos reales que contienen las superficies de estudio, muy alejados de los tradicionales ejercicios abstractos con los que el alumno no lograba percibir su aplicación práctica a la arquitectura. La resolución espacial y el análisis geométrico de las superficies extraídas de los ejemplos arquitectónicos reales, aumenta el interés y la motivación del alumno por la asignatura, pues éste es capaz de ver rápidamente su aplicabilidad.</p>
Implantación de metodologías de cálculo a través del lenguaje Python para asignaturas impartidas en las titulaciones de la ETSIN.
Authors: González Gutiérrez Leo Miguel , Cercós Pita Jose Luis , Esteban Burgos Daniel 
Published: January 2016

<p class="Abstract">El objetivo de este proyecto es mejorar la eficiencia en los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes, incorporando metodologías activas de aprendizaje como es la programación en el lenguaje Python. Este tipo de iniciativas se espera que favorezcan la interdisciplinariedad y la coordinación curricular de tipo horizontal y vertical.</p><p class="Abstract"> También buscamos desarrollar un repositorio de notebooks, recursos docentes, y videos online, que faciliten la experimentación así como el aprendizaje autónomo.<strong></strong></p>
Effects of parity and season on pregnancy rates after the transfer of embryos to repeat-breeder Japanese Black beef cattle
Authors: Ono T. , Isobe T. , Morita Y. , Do L. T. K. , Tanihara F. , Taniguchi M. , Takagi M. , Otoi T. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract. Repeat-breeder (RB) cows are a major source of economic waste due to their decreased fertility. Embryo transfer (ET) is an alternative tool to improve the fertility of RB cows. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of recipient parity and the season on pregnancy rates following ET in RB Japanese Black beef cattle. Embryos were transferred nonsurgically to recipients, consisting of 155 heifers (< 2 years old) and 172 cows (< 8 years old), which were defined as RB cattle. Of the recipients that were presented for ET, 57 recipients received a fresh embryo and 270 recipients received a frozen embryo. There were no differences in the pregnancy rates between cattle that received fresh embryos or frozen embryos. The rates of recipients with pregnancy, abortion, stillbirth, and normal calving were similar between heifers and cows. In cows, the pregnancy rates were lower (P < 0.05) in summer (June to August) than in spring (March to May) and winter (December to February). In heifers, however, there were no differences in the pregnancy rates among the seasons. Our findings indicate that in RB Japanese Black beef cattle, the parity of the recipients does not have an effect on the pregnancy rates following the transfer of fresh and frozen embryos. However, heat stress may affect reproductive performance in RB Japanese Black cows.
Sex influence on genetic expressions of early growth in Afshari lambs
Authors: Ghafouri-Kesbi F. , Notter D. R. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract. Very little is known about the genetic aspects of sexual dimorphism of body weight in domestic sheep, and therefore this study was conducted to quantify the genetic basis of sexual dimorphism for early-growth-related traits in Afshari lambs. Traits evaluated included birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW), and growth rate (GR) in male and female lambs. Male lambs were 6.6 % heavier at birth, had 14.4 % higher preweaning growth rates and were 16.0 % heavier at weaning compared to female lambs. Levels of sexual-size dimorphism (SSD), expressed as the ratio of male to female means, for BW, WW and GR were 1.07, 1.14 and 1.15, respectively, which indicated low levels of SSD in the traits studied. Fixed effects of year of birth and type of birth interacted with sex effects, with greater variability in birth and weaning weights among years and birth types in male lambs, suggesting greater environmental sensitivity in the males. Bivariate animal models and restricted maximum likelihood (REML) procedures were used to estimate phenotypic variances and their genetic and non-genetic components in male and female lambs. Estimates of the direct heritability (h2) and additive coefficient of variation (CVA) for BW were higher in males. However, for WW and GR, heritability estimates were higher in females. In contrast, whereas the contribution of maternal permanent environmental effects (c2) to variation of BW was higher in females, for WW and GR higher estimates of c2 were observed in males. Respective genetic and maternal permanent environmental correlations between records on males and females were 0.986 and 0.723 for BW, 0.995 and 0.983 for WW, and 0.995 and 0.966 for GR, indicating possible sexual dimorphism only for maternal effects on BW. Based on an approximate 95 % confidence interval, none of the observed differences in variance components between sexes differed from zero and none of the observed genetic or maternal correlations differed from 1.0, indicating no need or opportunity for sex-specific selection strategies.
The tropopause inversion layer in baroclinic life-cycle experiments: the role of diabatic processes
Authors: Kunkel D. , Hoor P. , Wirth V. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract. Recent studies on the formation of a quasi-permanent layer of enhanced static stability above the thermal tropopause revealed the contributions of dynamical and radiative processes. Dry dynamics leads to the evolution of a tropopause inversion layer (TIL), which is, however, too weak compared to observations and thus diabatic contributions are required. In this study we aim to assess the importance of diabatic processes in the understanding of TIL formation at midlatitudes. The non-hydrostatic model COSMO (COnsortium for Small-scale MOdelling) is applied in an idealized midlatitude channel configuration to simulate baroclinic life cycles. The effect of individual diabatic processes related to humidity, radiation, and turbulence is studied first to estimate the contribution of each of these processes to the TIL formation in addition to dry dynamics. In a second step these processes are stepwise included in the model to increase the complexity and finally estimate the relative importance of each process. The results suggest that including turbulence leads to a weaker TIL than in a dry reference simulation. In contrast, the TIL evolves stronger when radiation is included but the temporal evolution is still comparable to the reference. Using various cloud schemes in the model shows that latent heat release and consecutive increased vertical motions foster an earlier and stronger appearance of the TIL than in all other life cycles. Furthermore, updrafts moisten the upper troposphere and as such increase the radiative effect from water vapor. Particularly, this process becomes more relevant for maintaining the TIL during later stages of the life cycles. Increased convergence of the vertical wind induced by updrafts and by propagating inertia-gravity waves, which potentially dissipate, further contributes to the enhanced stability of the lower stratosphere. Finally, radiative feedback of ice clouds reaching up to the tropopause is identified to potentially further affect the strength of the TIL in the region of the clouds.
Ozonesonde profiles from the West Pacific Warm Pool: measurements and validation
Authors: Newton R. , Vaughan G. , Ricketts H. M. A. , Pan L. L. , Weinheimer A. J. , Chemel C. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract. We present a series of ozonesonde profiles measured from Manus Island, Papua New Guinea, during February 2014, with new insights on the calibration of ozonesondes for measurements in the tropical troposphere. The experiment formed a part of a wider airborne campaign involving three aircraft based in Guam, to characterise the atmospheric composition above the tropical West Pacific in unprecedented detail. Thirty-nine ozonesondes were launched between 2 and 25 February of which 34 gave good ozone profiles. Particular attention was paid to evaluating the background current of the ozonesondes, as this can amount to half the measured signal in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL). An unexpected contamination event affected the measurements and required a departure from standard operating procedures for the ozonesondes. The most significant departure was not exposing the sondes to ozone during preparation, which meant that the background current remained stable before launch. Comparison with aircraft measurements allows validation of the measured ozone profiles and confirms that for well-characterized sondes (background current ∼  50 nA) a constant background current could be assumed throughout the profile, equal to the minimum value measured during preparation just before launch. From this set of 34 ozonesondes, the minimum reproducible ozone concentration measured in the TTL was 12–13 ppbv; no examples of ozone concentrations  <  5 ppbv, as reported by other recent papers, were measured. The lowest ozone concentrations coincided with outflow from extensive deep convection to the east of Manus, consistent with uplift of ozone-poor air from the boundary layer. However, these minima were lower than the ozone concentration measured through most of the boundary layer, and were matched only by measurements at the surface in Manus.
A comprehensive inventory of ship traffic exhaust emissions in the European sea areas in 2011
Authors: Jalkanen J.-P. , Johansson L. , Kukkonen J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract. Emissions originating from ship traffic in European sea areas were modelled using the Ship Traffic Emission Assessment Model (STEAM), which uses Automatic Identification System data to describe ship traffic activity. We have estimated the emissions from ship traffic in the whole of Europe in 2011. We report the emission totals, the seasonal variation, the geographical distribution of emissions, and their disaggregation between various ship types and flag states. The total ship emissions of CO2, NOx, SOx, CO, and PM2.5 in Europe for year 2011 were estimated to be 121, 3.0, 1.2, 0.2, and 0.2 million tons, respectively. The emissions of CO2 from the Baltic Sea were evaluated to be more than a half (55 %) of the emissions of the North Sea shipping; the combined contribution of these two sea regions was almost as high (88 %) as the total emissions from ships in the Mediterranean. As expected, the shipping emissions of SOx were significantly lower in the SOx Emission Control Areas, compared with the corresponding values in the Mediterranean. Shipping in the Mediterranean Sea is responsible for 40 and 49 % of the European ship emitted CO2 and SOx emissions, respectively. In particular, this study reported significantly smaller emissions of NOx, SOx, and CO for shipping in the Mediterranean than the EMEP inventory; however, the reported PM2.5 emissions were in a fairly good agreement with the corresponding values reported by EMEP. The vessels registered to all EU member states are responsible for 55 % of the total CO2 emitted by ships in the study area. The vessels under the flags of convenience were responsible for 25 % of the total CO2 emissions.