bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Concept to Cure: The Road Ahead for Ruthenium‐Based Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Swaminathan Srividya , Haribabu Jebiti , Karvembu Ramasamy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe evolution of chemotherapy, especially the dawn of metal‐based drugs, represents a transformative era in cancer treatment. From the serendipitous discovery of mustard gas's cytotoxic effects to the sophisticated development of targeted therapies, chemotherapy has significantly refined. Central to this progression is the incorporation of metal‐based compounds, such as platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru), and gold (Au), which offer unique mechanisms of action, distinguishing them from organic therapeutics. Among these, Ru complexes, exemplified by BOLD‐100 and TLD1433, have shown exceptional promise due to their selective activity, lower propensity for resistance, and the ability to target spescific cellular pathways. This paper explores the journey of such Ru candidates, focusing on the mechanisms, efficacy, and clinical potential of these Ru‐based drugs, which stand at the forefront of current research, aiming to provide more targeted, less toxic, and highly effective cancer treatments.
Carbon based Composite Materials for Microwave Absorption in Low Frequency S and C Band: A Review
Authors: Hassan Sibt ul , Hou Lizhen , Kuang Daitao , Wang Shiliang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the rapid advancement of 5G technologies and electronic devices, there is a growing demand for microwave absorbing materials, especially those effective in low frequency microwave bands (2–8 GHz), making it an essential requirement. In recent years, many innovative microwave absorbers have been developed for low frequency absorption, with carbon/magnetic composite materials becoming particularly promising due to their various loss mechanisms and optimized impedance matching characteristics over a wide frequency range. However, there is currently a lack of a comprehensive review that summarizes the findings on low frequency absorbers. This review article thoroughly examines the current research on carbon/magnetic composite materials with efficient absorption performance in the low‐frequency S and C bands. It provides a detailed discussion of the microwave absorption performance of these composite materials. Furthermore, the composite design strategies, synthesis techniques, microstructure performance relationship, and microwave attenuation mechanisms are summarized. Lastly, the challenges and future outlook for low frequency microwave absorbing materials are addressed. This review article aspires to provide new insights into designing and synthesizing composite materials to accomplish effective low‐frequency microwave absorption, thereby promoting practical applications.
On‐Surface Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Carbon‐Based Networks via Hierarchical Ullmann Coupling Reactions
Authors: Qin Tianchen , Liang Baiyao , Hu Lei , Xu Qian , Wang Tao , Zhu Junfa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe recent developed bottom‐up on‐surface synthesis offers unprecedent opportunities for the fabrication of two‐dimensional (2D) carbon‐based networks with atomic precision. Hierarchical coupling approach has been proposed as an efficient strategy for improving the corresponding reaction selectivity and quality of target structures. Herein, we report the synthesis of a nitrogen‐doped carbon‐based network on Ag(100) utilizing a hierarchical Ullmann coupling strategy. The accurate identification of reaction intermediates and products by scanning tunneling microscopy allows us to unravel the reaction mechanism. The synthetic process of 2D carbon‐based networks is kinetics‐driven, relying on the competition between dechlorination and C−C coupling. We expect that our discussion on the mechanism of hierarchical coupling may shed light on the rational design and precise synthesis of 2D carbon‐based networks on surfaces.
Turning Trash to Treasure: The Influence of Carbon Waste Source on the Photothermal Behaviour of Plasmonic Titanium Carbide Interfaces
Authors: Margeson Matthew J. , Atwood Mark , Dasog Mita 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPyrolysis of carbonaceous waste material has become an attractive method of recycling to generate value added products. Alongside pyrolytic oil and gas fractions, the thermal degradation forms solid pyrolytic char, which can be further processed. Local waste materials, including birch wood residue (BW), Reynoutria japonica stems (KW), spent coffee grounds (CG), tire rubber (TR), and lobster shells (LS) we assessed to form pyrolytic char. Using a simple acid treatment step on the chars, this study has shown successfully incorporate many of them into the low‐temperature synthesis of plasmonic TiC NPs. Each char was shown to display distinctive physical and chemical characteristics, which was exploited to synthesize TiC NPs with unique properties. To study the plasmonic behaviour of each TiC sample, solar driven desalination experiments were conducted. TiC formed from TR char achieved broadband absorbance of ~95 % of the solar spectrum, reaching a near‐perfect solar‐to‐vapor generation efficiency of 95 %, or a water generation rate of 1.40±0.01 kg m−2 h−1 under one‐sun illumination. This makes it the best performing of all chars tested, and among the top performers reported in the literature to date. The evaporators maintain activity over time and under strongly hypersaline conditions.
One‐Step Synthesis of Melem‐Based Supramolecular Assemblies and Their Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Shvalagin Vitaliy , Markushyna Yevheniia , Piankova Diana , Grape Erik Svensson , Tarakina Nadezda V. , Savateev Oleksandr 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work, melem‐based supramolecular assemblies were obtained in one step by thermal treatment of melamine in an autoclave in the presence of sodium chloride. The detailed analysis showed that the obtained powder consists of two phases: poorly crystalline Na‐PHI flakes and rod‐shaped melem hydrate single crystals (several micrometers long and ~300–500 nm wide). Melem hydrate crystals absorb light in the visible range (Eg=2.7 eV) and demonstrate photocatalytic activity in the reaction of partial oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde by air under visible light with high selectivity for the target product. At 60 % conversion of benzyl alcohol, the selectivity of benzaldehyde formation is above 95 %.
Plant growth regulator effects on red fescue seed crops in diverse production environments
Authors: Bhattarai Surendra , Khanal Nityananda , Anderson Nicole P. , Yoder Calvin L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStrong creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L. spp. rubra Gaudin) is a cool‐season perennial turfgrass widely used in temperate and subalpine regions around the globe. Although creeping red fescue turf is tolerant of shade, low fertility acidic soils, and drought conditions, creeping red fescue seed crops grown in optimal growing environments can lodge, ultimately reducing yield in regions where this important turfgrass is grown for seed. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of two plant growth regulators (PGRs), chlormequat chloride (CCC) and trinexapac‐ethyl (TE), on plant height, lodging, and seed yield of strong creeping red fescue over 9 site‐years in the Peace River region of western Canada. The study encompassed 6 site‐years with first‐year stands and 3 site‐years with second‐year stands. The PGRs were applied alone and in a TE + CCC mixture at the two‐node (BBCH 32–33, where BBCH is Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt and Chemische Industrie) and early head emergence (BBCH 51–52) growth stages in first‐ and second‐year stands, respectively. The application of TE, CCC, and their mixture resulted in a differential decrease in lodging and an increase in seed yield in first‐year stands. However, PGRs applied at BBCH 51–52 on second‐year stands had no effect on seed yield but reduced plant height and lodging. This study found a negative correlation between seed yield and lodging. Among the PGR treatments, the CCC + TE mixture was the most effective in reducing lodging and increasing seed yield of strong creeping red fescue.
Fashion and sustainability: Evidence from the consumption of second‐hand clothes
Authors: Sepe Fabiana , Valerio Muto , Anna Prisco , Mario Tani 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCompanies are becoming increasingly involved with sustainability as various stakeholders require them to orient their activities in line with sustainability and its principles. In some industries, such as the food industry and the fashion industry, these requests are particularly relevant because they are considered to be keenly related to environmental and social issues. In this study, by integrating Ajzen's theory of planned behavior with Schwartz's norm activation model, we seek to understand the main drivers behind a consumer's decision to engage in second‐hand clothes buying processes. Our results not only highlight the advantages of integrating various models to obtain a more rounded perspective on ethical consumer motivations but also enable the identification of relevant drivers of this specific behavior. Accordingly, the results might help managers in this industry be more effective in their sustainability activities, as those activities result in positive perceptions among consumers and, thus, might trigger second‐hand clothes purchases.
New Active Ingredients for Sustainable Modern Chemical Crop Protection in Agriculture
Authors: Jeschke Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractToday, the agrochemical industry faces enormous challenges to ensure the sustainable supply of high‐quality food, efficient water use, low environmental impact, and the growing world population. The shortage of agrochemicals due to consumer perception, changing needs of farmers and ever‐changing regulatory requirements is higher than the number of active ingredients that are placed on the market. The introduction of halogen atoms into an active ingredient molecule offers the opportunity to optimize its physico‐chemical properties such as molecular lipophilicity. As early as 2010, around four‐fifths of modern agrochemicals on the market contained halogen atoms. In addition, it becomes clear that modern agrochemicals have increasingly complex molecular structures with one or more stereogenic centers in the molecule. Today, almost half of modern agrochemicals are chiral molecules (herbicides, insecticides/acaricides/nematicides ≪ fungicides) and most of them consist of mixtures such as racemic mixtures of enantiomers, followed by mixtures of diastereomers and mixtures of pure enantiomers. Therefore, it is important that halogen‐containing substituents or stereogenic centers are considered in the structural optimization of the active ingredients to ultimately develop sustainable agrochemicals in terms of efficacy, ecotoxicology, ease of use and cost‐effectiveness.
Closed‐Loop and Precipitation‐Free CO2 Capture Process Enabled by Electrochemical pH Gradient
Authors: Zhou Jiayin , Guan Xiaofei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) capture is a crucial negative‐emission technology for the mitigation of climate change and global warming. The urgent need of combating climate change motivates the research and development of economical, effective and environmentally benign processes for CO2 capture. Herein, we design and report a flow cell for the CO2 capture from air or flue gas in a precipitate‐free and closed‐loop manner. No ion‐exchange membrane is used in the electrolyser. The water electrolysis produces acidic solution near the anode and alkaline solution near the cathode, while generating valuable hydrogen and oxygen byproducts. The dilute CO2 in air or flue gas is captured by the alkaline solution, which is then mixed with the acidic solution to release the concentrated CO2. The process operates in a cyclic manner as driven by the water electrolysis and the mechanical pumping. No precipitation of calcium carbonate is involved for fixing CO2, which may simplify the separation process and minimizing the materials loss. The simple process enabled by electrochemical pH gradient shows promise for efficient CO2 capture on both small and large scales.
Automated remote speech‐based testing of individuals with cognitive decline: Bayesian agreement of transcription accuracy
Authors: König Alexandra , Köhler Stefanie , Tröger Johannes , Düzel Emrah , Glanz Wenzel , Butryn Michaela , Mallick Elisa , Priller Josef , Altenstein Slawek , Spottke Annika , Kimmich Okka , Falkenburger Björn , Osterrath Antje , Wiltfang Jens , Bartels Claudia , Kilimann Ingo , Laske Christoph , Munk Matthias H. , Roeske Sandra , Frommann Ingo , Hoffmann Daniel C. , Jessen Frank , Wagner Michael , Linz Nicklas , Teipel Stefan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionWe investigated the agreement between automated and gold‐standard manual transcriptions of telephone chatbot‐based semantic verbal fluency testing.MethodsWe examined 78 cases from the Screening over Speech in Unselected Populations for Clinical Trials in AD (PROSPECT‐AD) study, including cognitively normal individuals and individuals with subjective cognitive decline, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia. We used Bayesian Bland–Altman analysis of word count and the qualitative features of semantic cluster size, cluster switches, and word frequencies.ResultsWe found high levels of agreement for word count, with a 93% probability of a newly observed difference being below the minimally important difference. The qualitative features had fair levels of agreement. Word count reached high levels of discrimination between cognitively impaired and unimpaired individuals, regardless of transcription mode.DiscussionOur results support the use of automated speech recognition particularly for the assessment of quantitative speech features, even when using data from telephone calls with cognitively impaired individuals in their homes.Highlights
High levels of agreement were found between automated and gold‐standard manual transcriptions of telephone chatbot‐based semantic verbal fluency testing, particularly for word count.
The qualitative features had fair levels of agreement.
Word count reached high levels of discrimination between cognitively impaired and unimpaired individuals, regardless of transcription mode.
Automated speech recognition for the assessment of quantitative and qualitative speech features, even when using data from telephone calls with cognitively impaired individuals in their homes, seems feasible and reliable.
Habitat structure and an introduced predator limit the abundance of an endangered ground‐nesting bird
Authors: Parker David G. , Cameron Matthew , Gordon Christopher E. , Letnic Mike 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the factors that limit the abundance of threatened species is critical for the development of effective conservation strategies. However, gaining such knowledge from monitoring programs and using it to inform decision‐making for rare species can be difficult due to methodological issues posed by the problems of distinguishing true absences from false absences and the analysis of datasets dominated by zero counts. The plains‐wanderer (Pedionomus torquatus) is a critically endangered ground‐nesting bird that occurs in grasslands of southeastern Australia. Decline of the plains‐wanderer has been attributed to habitat modification but little emphasis has been placed on the role of introduced predators, such as the red fox (Vulpes vulpes), which have had a devastating effect on small ground‐dwelling vertebrates in dryland regions of Australia. Here, we use a 9‐year time series of spotlight counts to investigate the impact of vegetation structure and fox presence on plains‐wanderer occupancy and abundance. We used distance sampling to determine the effective strip width for sighting plains‐wanderers during spotlight surveys. We then used a hurdle model approach whereby binomial generalized additive models were fitted to presence/absence data within the effective strip‐width across all sites and negative‐binomial models were fitted to an index of abundance at sites where plains‐wanderers were observed. Plains‐wanderer occupancy and abundance fluctuated markedly through time. Where foxes were absent, occupancy (but not abundance) of plains‐wanderers showed a humped relationship with grass height with an optimal height between 50 and 150 mm. Where foxes were present however, this relationship broke down and plains‐wanderers were rarely recorded. Our results suggest that plains‐wanderers should benefit from management strategies that maintain grass height at optimal levels and exclude foxes or effectively suppress their populations. A key message from this study is that if statistical analyses of data generated by monitoring programs for rare species are intended to inform management decisions by identifying relationships between threatened species and drivers of their abundance, there should be consideration of analytic approaches that account for true and false zeroes, high prevalence of zeroes, and the possibility of nonlinear responses.
Impact of invasive alien plants on the resident floral diversity in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve, Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Divya , Lamichhane Saurav , Regmi Aayoush Raj , Joshi Khagendra Prasad , Pandeya Pratik , Dhami Bijaya , Gautam Ambika Prasad , Adhikari Hari 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInvasive alien plant species (IAPS) pose a serious threat to overall plant biodiversity across the globe. Nepal's national parks and protected areas are not devoid of the impact of IAPS. Unfortunately, there is a substantial gap in knowledge regarding the extent and impact of invasion in protected areas of Nepal. This study assessed the impact of invasive alien plant species on the resident plant species of the Koshi Tapu wildlife reserve. After a preliminary field observation, we selected five major IAPS in the area, Mesosphaerum suaveolens, Chromolaena odorata, Ipomoea carnea, Lantana camara, and Mikania micrantha for this study. Ten pairs of adjacent plots sized 4 m × 4 m were surveyed for each invasive species, comprising diverse vegetation types. Each pair consisted of one “invaded plot” where the invasive species was dominant with cover greater than 50%, and another “uninvaded plot” laid out in an adjacent area with similar site conditions but without the invasive species. We calculated the Sørensen Index of Similarity for each paired plot. Wilcoxon rank‐sum test was employed to compare ecological parameters between invaded and uninvaded plots for various plant species. Similarly, the difference in impact between each of the five invasive species was assessed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Species richness varied significantly between invaded and uninvaded plots for C. odorata and I. carnea. The most significant impact on species composition of invaded communities (39.6%) was observed for C. odorata. The cover of the other dominant species varied significantly between invaded and uninvaded plots for all five species studied. The Kruskal–Wallis test showed no significant difference in the impact caused by the five studied invasive species on Species richness, Shannon–Wiener diversity index, species evenness, and height of dominant species. However, a significant difference was observed between the impacts of five studied invasive species and the cover of other dominant species. The crown cover of dominant species decreased much more in the invaded plots of L. camara and M. micrantha than in other species. Specialized management efforts are required to control highly invasive species, such as C. odorata and I. carnea, alongside proactive measures to prevent further spread in ecologically sensitive areas.
Investigating the Correlation Between Cognitive Function and Fasting Blood Sugar, Fasting Insulin Level and Insulin Sensitivity in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Rezaeimanesh Nasim , Abbasi Kasbi Naghme , Saeedi Roghayyeh , Sahraian Mohammad Ali , Razeghi Jahromi Soodeh , Naser Moghadasi Abdorreza 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionThere has been a surge in interest in identifying the factors that impact cognitive impairment (CI) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The purpose of our study was to examine the correlation between fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin level, as well as insulin sensitivity and cognitive function in patients with MS.Material and MethodsA total of 85 patients with MS enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. Insulin sensitivity (IS) was determined using the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (Quicki) formula. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Persian version of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS). Spearman correlation test was employed to examine the correlation between cognition and FBS, insulin and IS.ResultsThe mean ± SD age of the participants was 39.4 ± 10.2 years, and 62 (72.9%) were female. The participants had a FBS level of 87.05 ± 11.73 mg/dL, insulin level of 10.14 ± 7.57 μU/mL and a Quicki index of 0.36 ± 0.05. A higher score on the BVMT‐R and BVMT‐R‐Delayed subtests showed a significant negative correlation with FBS (r: −0.32; p: 0.003 and r: −0.31; p: 0.004, respectively). Conversely, a significant negative correlation (r: −0.24; p: 0.031) was observed between higher fasting insulin levels and the CVLT_II score. IS showed a positive correlation with the CVLT‐II (r: 0.24; p: 0.027) and BVMT_R (r: 0.21; p: 0.054) subtests.ConclusionOur data indicate that elevated fasting glucose, developed fasting insulin levels and reduced insulin sensitivity may serve as potential predictors for CI in patients with MS.
Optimizing eDNA Replication for Standardized Application in Lotic Systems in Aotearoa, New Zealand
Authors: Smith Josh , David Bruno , Hicks Andy , Wilkinson Shaun , Ling Nicolas , Fake Daniel , Suren Alastair , Gault Amy 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNational standardization of ecological sampling protocols between different agencies in Aotearoa New Zealand has historically been difficult to attain, creating challenges for combining datasets for national scale analyses. The introduction of new methods for biological monitoring, such as environmental DNA (eDNA), presents an opportunity to standardize aquatic sampling protocols prior to widespread adoption. The objective of this study was to optimize eDNA sample replication for the consistent characterization of freshwater fish and macroinvertebrate communities in flowing waters, and ultimately, to inform the development of robust national monitoring standards. A comparison of field replication and extraction methods (pooling of preservation buffer) was also trialed as part of this high replication (n = 16) eDNA study to assess any potential benefits in measuring species richness and reducing processing costs alongside replication optimisation. This involved two ‘syringe’ sampling methods (‘standard’ and ‘boosted’, eight each) conducted across 54 riverine sites throughout the country. No significant difference was found for species richness between the standardized (eight replicates) or boosted (16 replicates composited to eight) eDNA methods for fish and macroinvertebrates. Results indicated that six replicates were needed to consistently detect 89.5% of fish species likely to be present using field‐based syringe eDNA sampling and preservation. However, an altitudinal species richness effect was observed for fish. For macroinvertebrates, six replicates were required to identify 86% of taxa identified to the NEMS (National Environmental Monitoring Standards) level used for the Macroinvertebrate Community Index (MCI: usually genera) while eight replicates were required to detect 89% of NEMS taxa. For fish and macroinvertebrate biodiversity, this study suggests that six replicates are a reasonable trade‐off between effective community characterization and cost in New Zealand lotic systems.