bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clarifying habitat niche width using broad‐scale, hierarchical occupancy models: a case study with a recovering mesocarnivore
Authors: Moll R. J. , Kilshaw K. , Montgomery R. A. , Abade L. , Campbell R. D. , Harrington L. A. , Millspaugh J. J. , Birks J. D. S. , Macdonald D. W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA species’ habitat niche width informs its position on the generalist–specialist continuum, which is central to life‐history theory and crucial to conservation planning. However, assessments of niche width are often based on local‐scale studies or qualitative descriptions rather than broad, quantitative assessments conducted in heterogeneous landscapes. Here, we show how broad‐scale, hierarchical occupancy models can clarify a species’ niche width and degree of habitat specialism by evaluating the woodland‐specialist classification of the European pine marten Martes martes. We deployed 526 camera‐trap stations at 27 sites throughout a vast extent (~50 000 km2) in Scotland and modeled pine marten occupancy as a function of habitat characteristics using a hierarchical Bayesian analysis. Our model was flexible to trap happiness due to baiting at camera traps and accounted for spatial autocorrelation among and imperfect detection at camera‐trap stations. We detected a positive association between pine marten occupancy probability and wooded habitats. However, pine marten occupancy probability was also high in numerous non‐wooded habitats, including agricultural land, heather and heather grassland, semi‐natural grassland and areas near anthropogenic structures. Our study is the first to record high pine marten occupancy in open habitats at broad spatial scales and thereby corroborates recent smaller scale indications that pine martens are more of a habitat generalist than previously thought. Our results guide ongoing conservation efforts by identifying that pine martens are not strict woodland specialists, but rather inhabit a mosaic of habitat types in the landscape. More broadly, our case study exemplifies how coupling hierarchical occupancy models with large‐scale experimental designs can clarify a species’ niche width and associated position on the generalist–specialist continuum.
NtDRP is necessary for accurate zygotic division orientation and differentiation of basal cell lineage toward suspensor formation
Authors: Zhao Jing , Xin Haiping , Cao Lingyan , Huang Xiaorong , Shi Ce , Zhao Peng , Fu Ying , Sun Meng‐Xiang 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Plant embryogenesis begins with an asymmetric division of the zygote, producing apical and basal cells with distinct cell fates. The asymmetric zygote division is thought to be critical for embryo pattern formation; however, the molecular mechanisms regulating this process, especially maintaining the accurate position and proper orientation of cell division plane, remain poorly understood.

Here, we report that a dynamin‐related protein in Nicotiana tabacum, NtDRP, plays a critical role in maintaining orientation of zygotic division plane. Down‐regulation of NtDRP caused zygotic cell division to occur in different, incorrect orientations and resulted in disruption of suspensor formation, and even development of twin embryos.

The basal cell lineage totally integrated with the apical cell lineage into an embryo‐like structure, suggesting that NtDRP is essential to accurate zygotic division orientation and differentiation of basal cell lineage toward suspensor formation. We also reveal that NtDRP plays its role by modulating microtubule spatial organization and spindle orientation during early embryogenesis.

Thus, we revealed that NtDRP is involved in orientation of the asymmetric zygotic division and differentiation of distinct suspensor and embryo domains, as well as subsequent embryo pattern formation.
Effects of hypotension and/or hypocapnia during sevoflurane anesthesia on perfusion and metabolites in the developing brain of piglets—a blinded randomized study
Authors: Ringer Simone K. , Ohlerth Stefanie , Carrera Inés , Mauch Jacqueline , Spielmann Nelly , Bettschart‐Wolfensberger Regula , Weiss Markus 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundHypotension (HT) and/or hypocapnia (HC) are frequent complications occurring during pediatric anesthesia and may cause cerebral injury in the developing brain.AimThe aim of this study is to investigate the effects of HT and/or HC on perfusion and metabolism in the developing brain.MethodsTwenty‐eight piglets were randomly allocated to four groups: control (C), HT, HC, and hypotension and hyocapnia (HTC).Anesthesia was induced and maintained using sevoflurane. Fentanyl was added for instrumentation. Piglets were fully monitored and their lungs were artificially ventilated. Before treatment, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), dynamic susceptibility‐contrast‐enhanced T2*‐weighted MRI (DSC‐MRI), and single voxel proton MR spectroscopy (1H MRS) were performed. Hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure: 30 ± 3 mmHg) was induced by blood withdrawal and nitroprusside infusion, and hyperventilation was used to induce HC (PaCO2: 2.7–3.3 kPa). 1H MRS and DSC‐MRI were repeated immediately once treatment goals were achieved and 120 min later. Radiologists were blinded to the groups. DSCI‐MRI and 1H MRS analyses were performed in the thalamus, occipital and parietal lobe, hippocampus, and watershed areas.ResultsIn comparison to C, mean time to peak (TTP) increased with HTC in all brain areas as assessed with DSC‐MRI (n = 26). Using 1H MRS, a significant decrease in N‐acetyl aspartate, choline, and myoinositol, as well as an increase in glutamine–glutamate complex (Glx) were detected independent of group. Compared to C, changes were more pronounced for Glx (due to an increase in glutamate) and myoinositol with HTC, for N‐acetyl aspartate with HT, and for Glx with HC. No lactate signal was present.ConclusionsThe combination of HT and HC during sevoflurane anesthesia resulted in alteration of cerebral perfusion with signs of neuronal dysfunction and early neuronal ischemia. HT and HC alone also resulted in signs of metabolic disturbances despite the absence of detectable cerebral perfusion alterations.
Roux‐en‐Y intussusception after pediatric liver transplant – A case report
Authors: Shakhin Victoria , Iyer Kishore , Chu Jaime , Ramaswami Archana , Lester Neil , Arnon Ronen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSmall bowel obstruction in a pediatric patient following liver transplant often results from adhesions, hernias, or post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease. Here, we present an unusual and previously unreported entity – Roux‐en‐Y intussusception in an eight‐yr‐old female several years after liver transplantation. Although a rare complication, Roux‐en‐Y intussusception should be considered as a potential etiology in the patient presenting with bowel obstruction, with specific attention to acute presentation accompanying jaundice.
Complications of indwelling central venous catheters in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Cousin Vladimir L. , Wildhaber Barbara E. , Verolet Charlotte M. , Belli Dominique C. , Posfay‐Barbe Klara M. , McLin Valérie A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn pLT recipients, the advantages of ICVCs need to be weighed against the risk of complications. This single‐center retrospective study aimed to review ICVC complications in our cohort of pLT recipients. We performed chart reviews of pLT patients having undergone transplant between 01/2000 and 03/2014 and who underwent ICVC placement either before or after LT. We identified 100 ICVC in 85 patients. Overall observation time was 90 470 catheter‐days. There was no difference in catheter lifespan between those inserted pre‐ or post‐transplant; 46% of ICVC presented a complication. Most frequent complications were MD and infection. The infection rate was 0.09 per 1000 catheter‐days, and MD rate was 0.36 per 1000 catheter‐days. Patients having received technical variant grafts were more at risk of complications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study examining ICVC complications in pLT recipients. We conclude that ICVC have a high rate of MD. Children receiving technical variants may be more at risk of complications. By removing ICVC in a select number of patients at six months post‐insertion, we might avoid as much as 60% of complications.
Estimating the Causal Effect of Treatment in Observational Studies with Survival Time End Points and Unmeasured Confounding
Authors: Choi Jaeun , O'Malley A. James 
Published: June 2016

SummaryEstimation of the effect of a treatment in the presence of unmeasured confounding is a common objective in observational studies. The two-stage least squares instrumental variables procedure is frequently used but is not applicable to time-to-event data if some observations are censored. We develop a simultaneous equations model to account for unmeasured confounding of the effect of treatment on survival time subject to censoring. The identification of the treatment effect is assisted by instrumental variables (variables related to treatment but conditional on treatment, not to the outcome) and the assumed bivariate distribution underlying the data-generating process. The methodology is illustrated on data from an observational study of time to death following endovascular or open repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms. As the instrumental variable and the distributional assumptions cannot be jointly assessed from the observed data, we evaluate the sensitivity of the results to these assumptions.
Linear Regression with a Randomly Censored Covariate: Application to an Alzheimer's Study
Authors: Atem Folefac D. , Qian Jing , Maye Jacqueline E. , Johnson Keith A. , Betensky Rebecca A. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe association between maternal age of onset of dementia and amyloid deposition (measured by in vivo positron emission tomography imaging) in cognitively normal older offspring is of interest. In a regression model for amyloid, special methods are required because of the random right censoring of the covariate of maternal age of onset of dementia. Prior literature has proposed methods to address the problem of censoring due to assay limit of detection, but not random censoring. We propose imputation methods and a survival regression method that do not require parametric assumptions about the distribution of the censored covariate. Existing imputation methods address missing covariates, but not right-censored covariates. In simulation studies, we compare these methods with the simple, but inefficient, complete-case analysis, and with thresholding approaches. We apply the methods to the Alzheimer's study.
Can Direct Regulations Spur Innovations in Environmental Technologies? A Study on Firm‐Level Patenting
Authors: Klemetsen Marit E. , Bye Brita , Raknerud Arvid 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUsing a rich Norwegian panel dataset that includes information about the type and number of patent applications, direct environmental regulations, and a large number of control variables, we analyze the effects of direct regulations on environmental patenting. We use inspection violation status as a measure of regulatory stringency, while controlling for risk class. Violation status captures the probability that a firm might be sanctioned for violating its emission permit. Controlling for risk class captures firm heterogeneity related to dirtiness and inspection frequency. We empirically identify strong and significant effects on innovations resulting from the implicit regulatory costs of direct regulations.
Language Matching Among Mother‐child Dyads: Associations with Child Attachment and Emotion Reactivity
Authors: Borelli Jessica L. , Ramsook Kizzann A. , Smiley Patricia , Kyle Bond David , West Jessica L. , Buttitta Katherine H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLinks between mother‐infant affective matching and attachment security are well‐documented, but research on other types of behavioral matching and attachment security are lacking, as are studies that examine these constructs later in children's development. We examine language style matching (LSM) between mothers and their school‐aged children (N = 68), using interviews with each dyad member. As predicted, regressions revealed that higher mother‐child relational LSM was associated with greater child attachment security (operationalized as high security, low dismissal), and that higher LSM predicted smaller increases in children's electrodermal response to a relational probe 1.5 years later. Further, mother‐child relational LSM was a mediator in the indirect path between children's attachment security and children's reactivity. We discuss the potential utility of LSM as a measure of relationship quality and future studies that could refine our understanding of parent‐child language matching.
The Influence of Competition on Resource Allocation in Preschool Children
Authors: Pappert Anna‐Theresa , Williams Amanda , Moore Chris 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTo examine how competition influences resource allocation in 4‐ to 6‐year‐olds, children were assigned to one of two conditions. In the experimental condition children colored a picture for a coloring contest whereas in the control condition they colored a picture to decorate a wall. Subsequently, all children participated in a resource allocation task with another child who was introduced as another participant in the coloring contest or who would also be coloring a picture for the wall. Finally, children were asked how many crayons (out of eight) they wanted to provide to the other child. In the resource allocation task, children made decisions about how to allocate stickers to self and other across four trial types: cost and no cost variations of both advantageous and disadvantageous inequality trials. Children were less prosocial in the experimental condition than in the control condition but only in disadvantageous inequality trials involving a cost. Children in the experimental condition withheld more crayons compared to children in the control condition. These results suggest that competition not only decreases prosocial behavior directly linked to the competition but also decreases generosity when provided with an unrelated resource allocation opportunity.
Platelets: handle with care
Authors: Thomas S. 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYPlatelets are delicate cells that require careful handling between collection, preparation and transfusion. This review addresses practical questions relating to platelet concentration, resting time after collection, total time and number of periods without agitation and temperature. The bags in which platelets are stored are made from gas‐permeable plastic to allow sufficient oxygen for the platelets to maintain aerobic respiration. Manufacturers have assigned limits for platelet content and concentration, and these must not be exceeded. There is no strong evidence for or against the resting of platelets post‐collection and pre‐agitation, but platelets should not be over‐wrapped during this period as this compromises gas exchange; a short rest period of up to 1 h may allow the separation of minor aggregates. It is necessary to transport platelet concentrates (e.g. from manufacturing site to hospital), but these periods without gas exchange must be limited to avoid excessive damage to the platelets. Current data support a total of 24 h of transportation per component but with no individual period lasting more than 8 h. Platelets need to be stored at 20–24 °C based on evidence that colder storage leads to irreversible changes on the platelet membrane, resulting in phagocytosis of the platelets following transfusion. Storage at warmer temperatures may lead to an increase in bacterial risk. On the basis of this review, the UK Guidelines for Blood Transfusion Services have been updated to ensure that platelets are handled in the most appropriate way to ensure that efficacious components are provided for patients.
Carbon dioxide laser treatment of extensive pigmented viral plaque lesions in a golden retriever dog
Authors: Knight Evie C. , Munday John S. , Stone Brett M. , Shipstone Michael A. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundCanine pigmented viral plaque (PVP) is an uncommon skin disease, associated with papillomavirus infection. Lesions are usually small (<1 cm diameter), pigmented macules to plaques on the ventral abdomen and medial thigh.AnimalsAn 8‐year‐old male, neutered golden retriever dog presented with numerous dark plaques forming cohesive plaques on the ventrum extending down the medial aspect of both hind legs. The plaques were associated with significant pruritus.ResultsHistology confirmed a diagnosis of PVP and PCR amplified Canis familiaris papillomavirus 4 from a formalin fixed plaque sample. The PVPs were completely resolved by two courses of CO2 laser treatment. There was very minimal postoperative discomfort and no relapse or new lesion development within a 12 months follow‐up period.Conclusions and clinical importanceExtensive PVPs have not previously been described in a golden retriever dog or previously reported to cause pruritus in dogs. Due to the large skin area involved, surgical excision was not feasible in this case. However, two rounds of treatment using laser were completely curative for both focal pedunculated and plaque‐like PVP lesions. Additionally, compared to surgical excision, laser treatment is expected to result in less postoperative discomfort, reduced surgery time and fewer postoperative infections. This is the first report of successful treatment of canine PVPs using a CO2 laser. The success of this treatment in this case suggests that laser provides an excellent treatment option for extensive PVPs in dogs.
Distribution of Salmonella in Humans, Production Animal Operations and a Watershed in a FoodNet Canada Sentinel Site
Authors: Flockhart L. , Pintar K. , Cook A. , McEwen S. , Friendship R. , Kelton D. , Pollari F. 
Published: June 2016

SummarySalmonella is an important human pathogen, and production animals as well as water are known potential sources. This study helped provide insight into the epidemiology of Salmonella by comparing Salmonella strains found in humans to those detected in production animals and water in the same geographic area and time frame. Salmonella was found in 55% of broiler, 30% of swine, 13% of dairy, and 10% of beef manure samples and 23% of water samples. At the farm level, Salmonella was found on 93% of broiler, 81% of swine, 32% of beef and 30% of dairy farms. Salmonella strains of importance to public health were found in all sources tested; however, they appeared to be more common in the broilers. A number of the farms in this study were mixed farms, in that they had more than one production animal species on the farm. At both the sample and farm levels, beef‐only farms had a significantly lower Salmonella prevalence (5% and 7%, respectively) than beef farms with additional production animal species (e.g. poultry) (12% and 42%, respectively) (P ≤ 0.05). Additionally, a number of mixed farms had more than one commodity sampled for this study and similar Salmonella strains by phage type and PFGE were found in the poultry and the other sampled commodity on the farm. This information can help inform the evidence base needed to help target interventions and modify best practices in production agriculture.
EFFECT OF SULPHURIC ACID ON CONCRETE WITH IRON ORE TAILINGSc
Authors: Umara Shettima Ali , Hussin Mohd Warid , Ahmad Yusof , Yau Mohammed 
Published: June 2016

Researches into the uses of waste materials are increasingly being explored to meet up society’s needs and global protection for sustainable, safe and economic development. This paper assessed concrete with iron ore tailings (IOT) exposed to dilute sulphuric acid. Iron ore tailings are the materials left-over after separating the valuable fraction from the uneconomic fraction of an ore. To study the effect of sulphuric acid, concrete of 100 mm cube with a different mix ratios containing IOT were prepared and cured for 28 days in water. The cubes were later immersed into dilute sulphuric acid at a concentration of 5%. The compressive strength of concrete at 7, 28 and 90 days of water curing were determined. Mass loss and strength reduction due to sulphuric effect were evaluated at 7, 28 and 90 days respectively. XRD microstructure of concrete specimens was analysed. Test results indicated that the IOT could be used in concrete as sand replacement since the concrete with IOT has similar trend in compressive strength loss and mass loss to sulphuric acid attack compared to control specimen. The mineralogical crystal failure patterns due to the sulphuric acid in terms X-ray diffraction analysis are the same for control and IOT concrete.
Factors Discriminating High From Low Score Performance in Biathlon Shooting
Authors: Sattlecker Gerold , Buchecker Michael , Gressenbauer Christoph , Müller Erich , Lindinger Stefan J. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:To identify biomechanical predictors that distinguish between high- and low-score athletes in biathlon shooting and to determine the relationships among these variables in field testing.Methods:Twenty-two biathletes (8 female, 14 male) from the World Cup, the European Cup, and a federal youth squad each fired 3 clips of 5 shots in prone and standing shooting positions without physical load, followed by 2 respective series in both disciplines during a simulated 12.5-km pursuit race on roller skis. Biomechanical variables describing triggering, rifle force in the back shoulder, and body and rifle sway were calculated over the last 0.5 second before firing. For computed linear discriminant analyses, subjects were divided into high- and low-level performers based on mean scores for each condition separately. In addition, correlations among all biomechanical factors were calculated.Results:Regarding prone shooting, shoulder force in the rest condition and vertical rifle sway in the race simulation were shown to be main discriminators. Several body- and rifle-sway variables were found to be predictors in standing rest shooting. Body sway across the shooting line discriminated the groups in the standing race situation tendentially. Thus, the main performance predictors changed due to fatigue. Correlations between triggering and rifle sway, shoulder force and rifle sway, and body sway and rifle sway were discovered.Conclusions:Referring to the current results, athletes are recommended to focus on vertical rifle sway in prone position and on body sway across the shooting line during standing shooting when fatigued.