bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Literary History of World‐Systems, I: Marxist Lineages
Authors: Eatough Matthew 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis essay is the first of a two‐part series on the use of world‐systems theory in literary studies. It argues that the recent popularity of world‐systems theory among literary scholars has raised important questions about how we practice literary history. Appeals to a more “global” configuration of world literary space seem to promise a more inclusive literary history, but world‐systems theory's expansive focus also clashes with literary studies' traditional definitions of cultural activity. In order to investigate this tension, the essay begins by examining the birth of world‐systems theory. It shows how world‐systems theory grew out of a number of intersecting currents in academic scholarship, including Marxist economics,dependistatheory, and Annales historiography. The essay then proceeds to trace literary studies' earliest engagements with world‐systems theory. As I show, these initial engagements took place within two distinct critical traditions: (1) in the Subaltern Studies project, which diagnosed intellectual production as an effect of the global division of labor; and (2) in Jamesonian Marxism, which attempted to map literature onto the world‐system under the aegis of a leftist Hegelianism. The essay concludes by analyzing how these projects have helped to redefine the nature of the relationship between literary production and economic systems.
Structure of the bacterial cell division determinant GpsB and its interaction with penicillin‐binding proteins
Authors: Rismondo Jeanine , Cleverley Robert M. , Lane Harriet V. , Großhennig Stephanie , Steglich Anne , Möller Lars , Mannala Gopala Krishna , Hain Torsten , Lewis Richard J. , Halbedel Sven 
Published: November 2015

SummaryEach bacterium has to co‐ordinate its growth with division to ensure genetic stability of the population. Consequently, cell division and growth are tightly regulated phenomena, albeit different bacteria utilise one of several alternative regulatory mechanisms to maintain control. Here we consider GpsB, which is linked to cell growth and division in Gram‐positive bacteria. ΔgpsB mutants of the human pathogen Listeria monocytogenes show severe lysis, division and growth defects due to distortions of cell wall biosynthesis. Consistent with this premise, GpsB interacts both in vitro and in vivo with the major bi‐functional penicillin‐binding protein. We solved the crystal structure of GpsB and the interaction interfaces in both proteins are identified and validated. The inactivation of gpsB results in strongly attenuated virulence in animal experiments, comparable in degree to classical listerial virulence factor mutants. Therefore, GpsB is essential for in vitro and in vivo growth of a highly virulent food‐borne pathogen, suggesting that GpsB could be a target for the future design of novel antibacterials.
Nationwide epidemiology and prognosis of dialysis‐requiring acute kidney injury (NEP‐AKI‐D) study: Design and methods
Authors: Shiao Chih‐Chung , Wu Pei‐Chen , Wu Vin‐Cent , Lin Jui‐Hsiang , Pan Heng‐Chih , Yang Ya‐Fei , Lai Tai‐Shuan , Huang Tao‐Min , Wu Che‐Hsiung , Yang Wei‐Shun , Wu Chih‐Jen , Kao Chih‐Chin , Sun Chiao‐Yin , Huang Chun‐Te , Lee Kuo‐Hua , Lin Chan‐Yu , Chen Te‐Chuan , Hu Fu‐Chang , Liou Hung‐Hsiang , Lu Kuo‐Cheng , Chien Kuo‐Liong , Wang Jian‐Jhong , Kan Wei‐Chih , Kuo Feng‐Chi , Lin Hugo You‐Hsien , Chen Cheng‐Min , You Zi‐hong , Tsai Jen‐Pi , Weng Chih‐Jen , Chen Hung‐Yuan , Chang Chao‐Fu , Hsu Wen‐Ding , Wu Mai‐Szu , Huang Chiu‐Ching , Wu Kwan‐Dun ,   on behalf of the Taiwan Consortium for Acute Kidney Injury Renal Diseases (CAKs)
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimAcute kidney injury (AKI) carries an increasing incidence rate worldwide and increases the risk of developing end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) as well as the medical expenses during the post‐AKI course. The Taiwan Consortium for Acute Kidney Injury and Renal Diseases (CAKs) has thus launched a nationwide epidemiology and prognosis of dialysis‐requiring acute kidney injury (NEP‐AKI‐D) study, which prospectively enrols critically ill patients with AKI. Through thoroughly evaluating the risk and prognostic factors of AKI, we hope to lower the incidence of AKI and ESRD from the perspective of AKI‐ESRD interaction.MethodsThe CAKs includes 30 hospitals which distribute widely through the four geographical regions (north, middle, south, and east) of Taiwan, and have a 1:1 ratio of medical centres to regional hospitals in each region. The NEP‐AKI‐D study enrols intensive care unit‐based AKI patients who receive dialysis in the four seasonal sampled months (October 2014, along with January, April, and July 2015) in the included hospitals. The collected data include demographic information, pertaining laboratory results, dialysis settings and patient outcomes. The data are uploaded in a centre website and will be audited by on‐site principal investigators, computer logic gates, and the CAKs staffs. The outcomes of interest are in‐hospital mortality, dialysis‐dependency and readmission rate within 90 days after discharge.ConclusionThe NEP‐AKI‐D study enrols a large number of representative AKI patients throughout Taiwan. The results of the current study are expected to provide more insight into the risk and prognostic factors of AKI and further attenuated further chronic kidney disease transition.
The extent of whole‐genome copy number alterations predicts aggressive features in primary melanomas
Authors: Gandolfi Greta , Longo Caterina , Moscarella Elvira , Zalaudek Iris , Sancisi Valentina , Raucci Margherita , Manzotti Gloria , Gugnoni Mila , Piana Simonetta , Argenziano Giuseppe , Ciarrocchi Alessia 
Published: November 2015

SummaryRecent evidence indicates that melanoma comprises distinct types of tumors and suggests that specific morphological features may help predict its clinical behavior. Using a SNP‐array approach, we quantified chromosomal copy number alterations (CNA) across the whole genome in 41 primary melanomas and found a high degree of heterogeneity in their genomic asset. Association analysis correlating the number and relative length of CNA with clinical, morphological, and dermoscopic attributes of melanoma revealed that features of aggressiveness were strongly linked to the overall amount of genomic damage. Furthermore, we observed that melanoma progression and survival were mainly affected by a low number of large chromosome losses and a high number of small gains. We identified the alterations most frequently associated with aggressive melanoma, and by integrating our data with publicly available gene expression profiles, we identified five genes which expression was found to be necessary for melanoma cells proliferation. In conclusion, this work provides new evidence that the phenotypic heterogeneity of melanoma reflects a parallel genetic diversity and lays the basis to define novel strategies for a more precise prognostic stratification of patients.
Comparison of Childhood Vitiligo Presenting with or without Associated Halo Nevi
Authors: Cohen Brandon E. , Mu Euphemia W. , Orlow Seth J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have characterized differences in vitiligo associated with halo nevi, but the features of vitiligo presenting with halo nevus in children have yet to be fully described.AimsWe sought to provide an epidemiologic and clinical comparison of cases of childhood vitiligo presenting with or without associated halo nevi.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of children diagnosed with vitiligo in an academic pediatric dermatology practice from January 1990 to November 2014. The characteristics of children with vitiligo with or without associated halo nevi were compared.ResultsHalo nevi were identified in 55 (26%) of 208 children with vitiligo. Patients with halo nevi were significantly more likely to be male and develop vitiligo at a later age. Children with vitiligo associated with halo nevi were more likely to present with generalized vitiligo, defined according to the presence of bilateral macules.DiscussionThere was no significant association between groups in the percentage of body surface area with vitiligo or family history of vitiligo or autoimmune diseases. Patients with halo nevi were no more likely to develop new areas of vitiligo during the follow‐up period, but there was a nonsignificant trend toward a higher rate of repigmentation in vitiligo associated with halo nevus.ConclusionHalo nevi are a common finding in children with vitiligo. The presence of a halo nevus in a child with vitiligo is associated with generalized vitiligo. The presence of a halo nevus does not significantly alter the risk of disease progression and rate of treatment.
Acute Effects of Light on Alternative Splicing in Light‐Grown Plants
Authors: Mancini Estefania , Sanchez Sabrina E. , Romanowski Andres , Schlaen Ruben G. , Sanchez‐Lamas Maximiliano , Cerdán Pablo D. , Yanovsky Marcelo J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractLight modulates plant growth and development to a great extent by regulating gene expression programs. Here, we evaluated the effect of light on alternative splicing (AS) in light‐grown Arabidopsis thaliana plants using high‐throughput RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq). We found that an acute light pulse given in the middle of the night, a treatment that simulates photoperiod lengthening, affected AS events corresponding to 382 genes. Some of these AS events were associated with genes involved in primary metabolism and stress responses, which may help to adjust metabolic and physiological responses to seasonal changes. We also found that several core clock genes showed changes in AS in response to the light treatment, suggesting that light regulation of AS may play a role in clock entrainment. Finally, we found that many light‐regulated AS events were associated with genes encoding RNA processing proteins and splicing factors, supporting the idea that light regulates this posttranscriptional regulatory layer through AS regulation of splicing factors. Interestingly, the effect of a red‐light pulse on AS of a gene encoding a splicing factor was not impaired in a quintuple phytochrome mutant, providing unequivocal evidence that nonphotosensory photoreceptors control AS in light‐grown plants.
Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis reveals the evolutionary rearrangement mechanism in Brassica
Authors: Yang J. , Liu G. , Zhao N. , Chen S. , Liu D. , Ma W. , Hu Z. , Zhang M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe genus Brassica has many species that are important for oil, vegetable and other food products. Three mitochondrial genome types (mitotype) originated from its common ancestor. In this paper, a B. nigra mitochondrial main circle genome with 232,407 bp was generated through de novo assembly. Synteny analysis showed that the mitochondrial genomes of B. rapa and B. oleracea had a better syntenic relationship than B. nigra. Principal components analysis and development of a phylogenetic tree indicated maternal ancestors of three allotetraploid species in Us triangle of Brassica. Diversified mitotypes were found in allotetraploid B. napus, in which napus‐type B. napus was derived from B. oleracea, while polima‐type B. napus was inherited from B. rapa. In addition, the mitochondrial genome of napus‐type B. napus was closer to botrytis‐type than capitata‐type B. oleracea. The sub‐stoichiometric shifting of several mitochondrial genes suggested that mitochondrial genome rearrangement underwent evolutionary selection during domestication and/or plant breeding. Our findings clarify the role of diploid species in the maternal origin of allotetraploid species in Brassica and suggest the possibility of breeding selection of the mitochondrial genome.
Continental carbonate facies of a Neoproterozoic panglaciation, north‐east Svalbard
Authors: Fairchild Ian J. , Fleming Edward J. , Bao Huiming , Benn Douglas I. , Boomer Ian , Dublyansky Yuri V. , Halverson Galen P. , Hambrey Michael J. , Hendy Chris , McMillan Emily A. , Spötl Christoph , Stevenson Carl T. E. , Wynn Peter M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe Marinoan panglaciation (ca 650 to 635 Ma) is represented in north‐east Svalbard by the 130 to 175 m thick Wilsonbreen Formation which contains syn‐glacial carbonates in its upper 100 m. These sediments are now known to have been deposited under a CO2‐rich atmosphere, late in the glaciation, and global climate models facilitate testing of proposed analogues. Precipitated carbonates occur in four of the seven facies associations identified: Fluvial Channel (including stromatolitic and intraclastic limestones in ephemeral stream deposits); Dolomitic Floodplain (dolomite‐cemented sand and siltstones, and microbial dolomites); Calcareous Lake Margin (intraclastic dolomite and wave‐rippled or aeolian siliciclastic facies); and Calcareous Lake (slump‐folded and locally re‐sedimented rhythmic/stromatolitic limestones and dolomites associated with ice‐rafted sediment). There is no strong cyclicity, and modern analogues suggest that sudden changes in lake level may exert a strong control on facies geometry. Both calcite and dolomite in stromatolites and rhythmites display either primary or early diagenetic replacive growth. Oxygen isotope values (−12 to +15‰VPDB) broadly covary with δ13C. High δ13C values of +3·5 to +4·5‰ correspond to equilibration with an atmosphere dominated by volcanically degassed CO2 with δ13C of −6 to −7‰. Limestones have consistently negative δ18O values, while rhythmic and playa dolomites preserve intermediate compositions, and dolocretes possess slightly negative to strongly positive δ18O signatures, reflecting significant evaporation under hyperarid conditions. Inferred meltwater compositions (−8 to −15·5‰) could reflect smaller Rayleigh fractionation related to more limited cooling than in modern polar regions. A common pseudomorph morphology is interpreted as a replacement of ikaite (CaCO3·H2O), which may also have been the precursor for widespread replacive calcite mosaics. Local dolomitization of lacustrine facies is interpreted to reflect microenvironments with fluctuating redox conditions. Although differing in (palaeo)latitude and carbonate abundance, the Wilsonbreen carbonates provide strong parallels with the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica.
Public–Private Partnerships in European Old‐Age Pension Provision: An Accountability Perspective
Authors: Sorsa Ville‐Pekka 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOver the last few decades, the boundary between public and private responsibility in old‐age pension provisions has been redrawn throughout Europe. A new, public–private mix has emerged, not only in pension policy, but also in pension administration. The purpose of this article is to map and conduct a comparative analysis of the administrative design of public–private partnerships (PPPs) in European pension regimes, with a specific focus on how accountabilities are institutionally enforced within the PPP design. Previous literature has recognized accountability as an important factor in promoting trust in mandated pension schemes. However, as the literature on PPPs suggests, institutional arrangements of accountability are more complex in the case of PPPs than has been suggested by previous studies on pension administration. Thus, there is a need for further elaboration of existing comparative models. This study's analysis examines 19 old‐age pension schemes that existed in 18 European countries at the beginning of 2013. The findings suggest that significant variations in accountability structures exist, even among schemes that are similar in terms of their pension policy targets. It is concluded that various schemes suffer from ineffective accountability structures that may compromise the legitimacy and sustainability of PPP‐type pension schemes.
The Cooperative Capacity of Swiss Federalism
Authors: Wasserfallen Fabio 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe federal structure is a defining feature of the Swiss polity. According to the disenchanted hypothesis, which argues that the Swiss political culture of accommodating competing interests has come under pressures, we should expect that cooperation among the cantons and between the federal and cantonal governments has deteriorated over the last 25 years. However, inter‐cantonal coordination has increased substantially. In addition, the successful negotiation of the NFA shows that the federal and cantonal governments can reach comprehensive agreements. This study provides empirical analyses of the NFA reform and of inter‐cantonal tax competition. The NFA analysis shows that the cantons successfully coordinated their interests vis‐à‐vis the federal government, and the findings of the spatial econometric tax competition investigation suggest that inter‐cantonal coordination in the NFA had an attenuating effect on tax competition. Overall, the problem‐solving capacity of the Swiss federal system is remarkably high—not disenchanted.
Ammonia emissions from urea, stabilized urea and calcium ammonium nitrate: insights into loss abatement in temperate grassland
Authors: Forrestal P. J. , Harty M. , Carolan R. , Lanigan G. J. , Watson C. J. , Laughlin R. J. , McNeill G. , Chambers B. J. , Richards K. G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFertilizer nitrogen (N) contributes to ammonia (NH3) emissions, which European Union member states have committed to reduce. This study focused on evaluating NH3‐N loss from a suite of N fertilizers over multiple applications, and gained insights into the temporal and seasonal patterns of NH3‐N loss from urea in Irish temperate grassland using wind tunnels. The fertilizers evaluated were calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), urea and urea with the N stabilizers N‐(n‐butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), dicyandiamide (DCD), DCD+NBPT and a maleic and itaconic acid polymer (MIP). 200 (and 400 for urea only) kg N/ha/yr was applied in five equal applications over the growing season at two grassland sites (one for MIP). Mean NH3‐N losses from CAN were 85% lower than urea and had highly variable loss (range 45% points). The effect of DCD on NH3 emissions was variable. MIP did not decrease NH3‐N loss, but NBPT caused a 78.5% reduction and, when combined with DCD, a 74% reduction compared with urea alone. Mean spring and summer losses from urea were similar, although spring losses were more variable with both the lowest and highest losses. Maximum NH3‐N loss usually occurred on the second day after application. These data highlight the potential of stabilized urea to alter urea NH3‐N loss outcomes in temperate grassland, the need for caution when using season as a loss risk guide and that urea hydrolysis in temperate grassland initiates quickly. Micrometeorological measurements focused specifically on urea are needed to determine absolute NH3‐N loss levels in Irish temperate grassland.
The new HLA‐A*24:321 shows one conservative amino acid replacement compared with HLA‐A*24:02:01
Authors: Azkarate M. , Santos S. , Eguizabal C. , Balas A. , Vicario J. L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHLA‐A*24:321 shows one nucleotide difference at codon 49 (GCG>GTG; A49>V49) compared with A*24:02:01.
Human placental renin–angiotensin system in normotensive and pre‐eclamptic pregnancies at high altitude and after acute hypoxia–reoxygenation insult
Authors: Kurlak Lesia O. , Mistry Hiten D. , Cindrova‐Davies Tereza , Burton Graham J. , Pipkin Fiona Broughton 
Published: November 2015

Key points
The development of the human placenta occurs in a low oxygen environment which stimulates angiogenesis and vascularization.
Placental expression of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) is highest in early pregnancy. Although both the RAS and oxygen stimulate angiogenesis, it is not known how they interact during placental development.
Pre‐eclampsia (PE), a condition characterized by poor placental development and elevated oxidative stress has increased incidence in populations living at high altitude and thus exposed to hypobaric hypoxia.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of various forms of oxidative stress on the placental RAS.
The results suggest that the placental RAS is activated by oxidative insults but the component type and the degree of activation is dependent on the nature of the insult.
AbstractA functioning placental renin–angiotensin system (RAS) appears necessary for uncomplicated pregnancy and is present during placentation, which occurs under low oxygen tensions. Placental RAS is increased in pre‐eclampsia (PE), characterised by placental dysfunction and elevated oxidative stress. We investigated the effect of high altitude hypoxia on the RAS and hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs) by measuring mRNA and protein expression in term placentae from normotensive (NT) and PE women who delivered at sea level or above 3100 m, using an explant model of hypoxia–reoxygenation to assess the impact of acute oxidative stress on the RAS and HIFs. Protein levels of prorenin (P = 0.049), prorenin receptor (PRR; P = 0.0004), and angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R, P = 0.006) and type 2 receptor (AT2R, P = 0.002) were all significantly higher in placentae from NT women at altitude, despite mRNA expression being unaffected. However, mRNA expression of all RAS components was significantly lower in PE at altitude than at sea level, yet PRR, angiotensinogen (AGT) and AT1R proteins were all increased. The increase in transcript and protein expression of all the HIFs and NADPH oxidase 4 seen in PE compared to NT at sea level was blunted at high altitude. Experimentally induced oxidative stress stimulated AGT mRNA (P = 0.04) and protein (P = 0.025). AT1R (r = 0.77, P < 0.001) and AT2R (r = 0.81, P < 0.001) mRNA both significantly correlated with HIF‐1β, whilst AT2R also correlated with HIF‐1α (r = 0.512, P < 0.013). Our observations suggest that the placental RAS is responsive to changes in tissue oxygenation: this could be important in the interplay between reactive oxygen species as cell‐signalling molecules for angiogenesis and hence placental development and function.