bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between a Suppressive Combined Antiretroviral Therapy Containing Maraviroc and the Hepatitis B Virus Vaccine Response
Authors: Herrero-Fernández Inés , Pacheco Yolanda M. , Genebat Miguel , Rodriguez-Méndez María del Mar , Lozano María del Carmen , Polaino María José , Rosado-Sánchez Isaac , Tarancón-Diez Laura , Muñoz-Fernández María Ángeles , Ruiz-Mateos Ezequiel , Leal Manuel 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

The response to the HBV vaccine in HIV-infected patients is deficient. Our aim was to analyze whether a suppressive combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) containing maraviroc (MVC-cART) was associated with a better response to HBV vaccine. Fifty-seven patients on suppressor cART were administered the HBV vaccine. The final response, the early response, and the maintenance of the response were assessed. An anti-HBs titer of >10 mIU/ml was considered a positive response. A subgroup of subjects was simultaneously vaccinated against hepatitis A virus (HAV). Lineal regression analyses were performed to determine demographic, clinical, and immunological factors associated with the anti-HBs titer. Vaccine response was achieved in 90% of the subjects. After 1 year, 81% maintained protective titers. Only simultaneous HAV vaccination was independently associated with the magnitude of the response in anti-HBs titers, with a
P
value of 0.045 and a regression coefficient (B) [95% confident interval (CI)] of 236 [5 to 468]. In subjects ≤50 years old (
n
= 42), MVC-cART was independently associated with the magnitude of the response (
P
= 0.009; B [95% CI], 297 [79 to 516]) together with previous vaccination and simultaneous HAV vaccination. High rates of HBV vaccine response can be achieved by revaccination, simultaneous HAV vaccination, and administration of cARTs including MVC. MVC may be considered for future vaccination protocols in patients on suppressive cART.
Plasticity of the Pyruvate Node Modulates Hydrogen Peroxide Production and Acid Tolerance in Multiple Oral Streptococci
Authors: Cheng Xingqun , Redanz Sylvio , Cullin Nyssa , Zhou Xuedong , Xu Xin , Joshi Vrushali , Koley Dipankar , Merritt Justin , Kreth Jens 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Commensal
Streptococcus sanguinis
and
Streptococcus gordonii
are pioneer oral biofilm colonizers. Characteristic for both is the SpxB-dependent production of H
2
O
2
, which is crucial for inhibiting competing biofilm members, especially the cariogenic species
Streptococcus mutans
. H
2
O
2
production is strongly affected by environmental conditions, but few mechanisms are known. Dental plaque pH is one of the key parameters dictating dental plaque ecology and ultimately oral health status. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to characterize the effects of environmental pH on H
2
O
2
production by
S. sanguinis
and
S. gordonii
.
S. sanguinis
H
2
O
2
production was not found to be affected by moderate changes in environmental pH, whereas
S. gordonii
H
2
O
2
production declined markedly in response to lower pH. Further investigation into the pyruvate node, the central metabolic switch modulating H
2
O
2
or lactic acid production, revealed increased lactic acid levels for
S. gordonii
at pH 6. The bias for lactic acid production at pH 6 resulted in concomitant improvement in the survival of
S. gordonii
at low pH and seems to constitute part of the acid tolerance response of
S. gordonii
. Differential responses to pH similarly affect other oral streptococcal species, suggesting that the observed results are part of a larger phenomenon linking environmental pH, central metabolism, and the capacity to produce antagonistic amounts of H
2
O
2
.

IMPORTANCE
Oral biofilms are subject to frequent and dramatic changes in pH.
S. sanguinis
and
S. gordonii
can compete with caries- and periodontitis-associated pathogens by generating H
2
O
2
. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how
S. sanguinis
and
S. gordonii
adapt to low pH and maintain their competitiveness under acid stress. The present study provides evidence that certain oral bacteria respond to environmental pH changes by tuning their metabolic output in favor of lactic acid production, to increase their acid survival, while others maintain their H
2
O
2
production at a constant level. The differential control of H
2
O
2
production provides important insights into the role of environmental conditions for growth competition of the oral flora.
Full-Genome Characterization of Simian T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Subtype b from a Wild-Born Captive
Gorilla gorilla gorilla
with T-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Ayouba Ahidjo , Michem Annelies , Peeters Martine , Vercammen Francis 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
There are four lineages of primate T-cell lymphocytic viruses (human T-cell lymphocytic virus [HTLV]/simian T-cell lymphocytic virus [STLV]), which are further divided into subtypes. To date, there is only one full-length HTLV-1 subtype b genome available. Here, we report the genome of a new STLV-1 subtype b from a 43-year-old male gorilla with T-cell lymphoma.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Kluyvera intestini
sp. nov., Isolated from the Stomach of a Patient with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Tetz George , Vecherkovskaya Maria , Zappile Paul , Dolgalev Igor , Tsirigos Aristotelis , Heguy Adriana , Tetz Victor 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here an update to the draft genome sequence of
Kluyvera intestini
sp. nov. strain GT-16, generated using MinION long-read sequencing technology. The complete genome sequence of the human-derived strain GT-16 measured 5,768,848 bp. An improved high-quality complete genome sequence provides insights into the mobility potential of resistance genes in this species.
Acquisition of the Phosphate Transporter NptA Enhances Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenesis by Improving Phosphate Uptake in Divergent Environments
Authors: Kelliher Jessica L. , Radin Jana N. , Grim Kyle P. , Párraga Solórzano Paola K. , Degnan Patrick H. , Kehl-Fie Thomas E. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

During infection, pathogens must obtain all inorganic nutrients, such as phosphate, from the host. Despite the essentiality of phosphate for all forms of life, how
Staphylococcus aureus
obtains this nutrient during infection is unknown. Differing from
Escherichia coli
, the paradigm for bacterial phosphate acquisition, which has two inorganic phosphate (P
i
) importers, genomic analysis suggested that
S. aureus
possesses three distinct P
i
transporters: PstSCAB, PitA, and NptA. While
pitA
and
nptA
are expressed in phosphate-replete media, expression of all three transporters is induced by phosphate limitation. The loss of a single transporter did not affect
S. aureus
. However, disruption of any two systems significantly reduced P
i
accumulation and growth in divergent environments. These findings indicate that PstSCAB, PitA, and NptA have overlapping but nonredundant functions, thus expanding the environments in which
S. aureus
can successfully obtain P
i
. Consistent with this idea, in a systemic mouse model of disease, loss of any one transporter did not decrease staphylococcal virulence. However, loss of NptA in conjunction with either PstSCAB or PitA significantly reduced the ability of
S. aureus
to cause infection. These observations suggest that P
i
acquisition via NptA is particularly important for the pathogenesis of
S. aureus
. While our analysis suggests that NptA homologs are widely distributed among bacteria, closely related less pathogenic staphylococcal species do not possess this importer. Altogether, these observations indicate that P
i
uptake by
S. aureus
differs from established models and that acquisition of a third transporter enhances the ability of the bacterium to cause infection.
Cystic Fibrosis Airway Microbiome: Overturning the Old, Opening the Way for the New
Authors: O'Toole George A. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
The genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is associated with chronic airway infections that are a proximal cause of death in many patients with this affliction. Classic microbiology studies focusing on canonical pathogens resulted in the development of a common set of views regarding the nature of the airway infections associated with this disease, and these ideas have influenced everything from the way infections are treated to how clinical trials for new CF-targeted antibiotics are designed and the focus of CF-related research topics. Recent culture-independent studies have prompted us to rethink, and in some cases discard, some of these long-held views. In this piece, I argue that an updated view of the complicated chronic infections associated with CF, thanks in large part to culture-independent studies of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples, should be leveraged to develop new strategies to treat these recalcitrant infections.
Frequency, duration and cause of ventilator alarms on a neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Belteki Gusztav , Morley Colin J 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the frequency and cause of neonatal ventilator alarms. Neonatal ventilators frequently alarm and also disturb babies, parents and nurses. If frequent they may cause alarm fatigue and be ignored. The number, frequency and details of neonatal ventilator alarms are unreported.MethodsWe developed programs for retrieving and analysing ventilator data each second on alarms and ventilation parameters from 46 babies ventilated with Dräger Babylog VN500 ventilators using various modes.ResultsA mean of 60 hours was recorded per baby. Over 116 days, 27 751 alarms occurred. On average, that was 603 per baby and 10 per hour. Median (IQR) alarm duration was 10 (4–21) s. Type, frequency and duration varied between infants. Some babies had >10% of their time with alarms. Eight alarm types caused ~99% of all alarms. Three alarms, ‘MV <low limit’, ‘MV >high limit’ and ‘respiratory rate >high limit’, caused 46.6%, often due to inappropriate settings. 49.9% were due to a low expired tidal volume during volume guarantee ventilation, often due to the maximum pressure being set too low. 26 106 (94.1%) of all alarms lasted <1 min. However, 86 alarms lasted >10 min and 16 alarms >1 hour. Similar alarms were frequently clustered, sometimes >100/hour.ConclusionsFrequent ventilator alarms are caused by physiological variability in the respiratory rate or minute volume, inappropriate alarm limits or too low maximum peak inflating pressure during volume-targeted ventilation. While most alarms were very short, sometimes alarms were ignored by neonatal intensive care unit staff for long periods.
Tapir
Authors: Schardl Tao B. , Moses William S. , Leiserson Charles E. 
Published: October 2017

This paper explores how fork-join parallelism, as supported by concurrency platforms such as Cilk and OpenMP, can be embedded into a compiler's intermediate representation (IR). Mainstream compilers typically treat parallel linguistic constructs as syntactic sugar for function calls into a parallel runtime. These calls prevent the compiler from performing optimizations across parallel control constructs. Remedying this situation is generally thought to require an extensive reworking of compiler analyses and code transformations to handle parallel semantics.
Tapir is a compiler IR that represents logically parallel tasks asymmetrically in the program's control flow graph. Tapir allows the compiler to optimize across parallel control constructs with only minor changes to its existing analyses and code transformations. To prototype Tapir in the LLVM compiler, for example, we added or modified about 6000 lines of LLVM's 4-million-line codebase. Tapir enables LLVM's existing compiler optimizations for serial code -- including loop-invariant-code motion, common-subexpression elimination, and tail-recursion elimination -- to work with parallel control constructs such as spawning and parallel loops. Tapir also supports parallel optimizations such as loop scheduling.
A Multicore Path to Connectomics-on-Demand
Authors: Matveev Alexander , Meirovitch Yaron , Saribekyan Hayk , Jakubiuk Wiktor , Kaler Tim , Odor Gergely , Budden David , Zlateski Aleksandar , Shavit Nir 
Published: October 2017

The current design trend in large scale machine learning is to use distributed clusters of CPUs and GPUs with MapReduce-style programming. Some have been led to believe that this type of horizontal scaling can reduce or even eliminate the need for traditional algorithm development, careful parallelization, and performance engineering. This paper is a case study showing the contrary: that the benefits of algorithms, parallelization, and performance engineering, can sometimes be so vast that it is possible to solve "cluster-scale" problems on a single commodity multicore machine.
Connectomics is an emerging area of neurobiology that uses cutting edge machine learning and image processing to extract brain connectivity graphs from electron microscopy images. It has long been assumed that the processing of connectomics data will require mass storage, farms of CPU/GPUs, and will take months (if not years) of processing time. We present a high-throughput connectomics-on-demand system that runs on a multicore machine with less than 100 cores and extracts connectomes at the terabyte per hour pace of modern electron microscopes.
Immediate and Midterm Cardiac Remodeling After Surgical Pulmonary Valve Replacement in Adults With Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Heng Ee Ling , Gatzoulis Michael A. , Uebing Anselm , Sethia Babulal , Uemura Hideki , Smith Gillian C. , Diller Gerhard-Paul , McCarthy Karen P. , Ho Siew Yen , Li Wei , Wright Piers , Spadotto Veronica , Kilner Philip J , Oldershaw Paul , Pennell Dudley J. , Shore Darryl F. , Babu-Narayan Sonya V. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
Pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot provides symptomatic benefit and right ventricular (RV) volume reduction. However, data on the rate of ventricular structural and functional adaptation are scarce. We aimed to assess immediate and midterm post-PVR changes and predictors of reverse remoeling.

Methods:
Fifty-seven patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (age ≥16 y; mean age, 35.8±10.1 y; 38 male) undergoing PVR were prospectively recruited for cardiovascular magnetic resonance performed before PVR (pPVR), immediately after PVR (median, 6 d), and midterm after PVR (mPVR; median, 3 y).

Results:

There were immediate and midterm reductions in indexed RV end-diastolic volumes and RV end-systolic volumes (RVESVi) (indexed RV end-diastolic volume pPVR versus immediately after PVR versus mPVR, 156.1±41.9 versus 104.9±28.4 versus 104.2±34.4 mL/m
2
; RVESVi pPVR versus immediately after PVR versus mPVR, 74.9±26.2 versus 57.4±22.7 versus 50.5±21.7 mL/m
2
;
P
<0.01). Normal postoperative diastolic and systolic RV volumes (the primary end point) achieved in 70% of patients were predicted by a preoperative indexed RV end-diastolic volume ≤158 mL/m
2
and RVESVi ≤82 mL/m
2
. RVESVi showed a progressive decrease from baseline to immediate to midterm follow-up, indicating ongoing intrinsic RV functional improvement after PVR. Left ventricular ejection fraction improved (pPVR versus mPVR, 59.4±7.6% versus 61.9±6.8%;
P
<0.01), and right atrial reverse remodeling occurred (pPVR versus mPVR, 15.2±3.4 versus 13.8±3.6 cm
2
/m
2
;
P
<0.01). Larger preoperative RV outflow tract scar was associated with a smaller improvement in post-PVR RV/left ventricular ejection fraction. RV ejection fraction and peak oxygen uptake predicted mortality (
P
=0.03) over a median of 9.5 years of follow-up.

Conclusions:

Significant right heart structural reverse remodeling takes place immediately after PVR, followed by a continuing process of further biological remodeling manifested by further reduction in RVESVi. PVR before RVESVi reaches 82 mL/m
2
confers optimal chances of normalization of RV function.
Pioglitazone Prevents Stroke in Patients With a Recent Transient Ischemic Attack or Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Yaghi Shadi , Furie Karen L. , Viscoli Catherine M. , Kamel Hooman , Gorman Mark , Dearborn Jennifer , Young Lawrence H. , Inzucchi Silvio E. , Lovejoy Anne M. , Kasner Scott E. , Conwit Robin , Kernan Walter N. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
The IRIS trial (Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke) demonstrated that pioglitazone reduced the risk for a composite outcome of stroke or myocardial infarction among nondiabetic patients with insulin resistance and a recent stroke or transient ischemic attack. The current planned secondary analysis uses updated 2013 consensus criteria for ischemic stroke to examine the effect of pioglitazone on stroke outcomes.

Methods:
Participants were randomly assigned to receive pioglitazone (45 mg/d target dose) or placebo within 180 days of a qualifying ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack and were followed for a maximum of 5 years. An independent committee, blinded to treatment assignments, adjudicated all potential stroke outcomes. Time to first stroke event was compared by treatment group, overall and by type of event (ischemic or hemorrhagic), using survival analyses and Cox proportional hazards models.

Results:

Among 3876 IRIS participants (mean age, 63 years; 65% male), 377 stroke events were observed in 319 participants over a median follow-up of 4.8 years. Pioglitazone was associated with a reduced risk for any stroke at 5 years (8.0% in comparison with 10.7% for the placebo group; hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60–0.94; log-rank
P
=0.01). Pioglitazone reduced risk for ischemic strokes (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.57–0.91;
P
=0.005) but had no effect on risk for hemorrhagic events (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.50–2.00;
P
=1.00).

Conclusions:
Pioglitazone was effective for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke in nondiabetic patients with insulin resistance.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00091949.
Public Religious Pedagogy: Linking Public Theology, Social Theory and Educational Theory
Authors: Pirner Manfred L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This paper addresses the relationship of public theology and education, a field of research that has been neglected in theology as well as in educational theory and religious pedagogy. It does so by firstly analyzing the discourse in the public sphere at the intersection of theology and religious education in Germany, and secondly by drawing on the social theories of John Rawls and Jürgen Habermas to provide a framework for relating public theology and (religious) education. In the German context the rediscovery and revaluing of the political dimension of public religious education has led to the evolving concept of ‘public religious pedagogy’, with obvious analogies to public theology—a concept that may have the potential to become a new paradigm in the academic discipline of religious pedagogy. Systematically, the article advances the hypothesis that philosophical discourse on the question of ‘how citizens who remain deeply divided on religious, philosophical, and moral doctrines, can still maintain a just and stable democratic society’ (John Rawls) corresponds to the discourse in educational philosophy and educational science on the question of how a consensus on major objectives of public education in general and the role of religion in this context in particular can be reached. It will be demonstrated that the academic discourse around religious education can benefit from dialogue and interaction with the social theories of (the later) Rawls and Habermas.
Reading the Guides, Directories, Manuals, and Anthologies of Liulichang
Authors: Mokros Emily 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDuring the Qing dynasty, Liulichang became a prominent bookselling and publishing district in the imperial capital. Yet, most historical and scholarly writing on Liulichang has addressed only the antiquarian and rare book trade, and has neglected the prominence of commercial publishing of informational texts in Beijing. Commercial bookseller-printers formed a significant presence in Liulichang, and their research, publishing, and marketing practices were attuned to the changing dynamics of life in the capital. For clerks, merchants, and aspirant officials, Liulichang publishers offered books such as guidebooks, official directories, examination results, forensic handbooks, and administrative anthologies. Based on an examination of hundreds of books published in Liulichang and focusing on official directories ( jinshen lu) and guidebooks, this paper demonstrates how publishers managed connections with the state, cultivated sources, recycled texts, and crafted printing practices. It argues that publishing practices in Liulichang became more standardized during the dynasty, both in reaction to the state’s loosening of controls on publishing and to the growth in the market for informational texts.
Digital Distraction: Shedding Light on the 21st-Century College Classroom
Authors: Aaron Lynn S. , Lipton Talia 
Published: October 2017

It is not uncommon to walk into a college classroom and find all heads bowed down to a flashing screen and the room . . . silent. While digital devices can certainly support learning, what about when they are a distraction? This study explored this 21st-century phenomenon from two perspectives: Does the use of a device for nonacademic purposes during a learning activity interfere with learning? Does the classroom policy about digital device use play a role? A total of 351 college students from 20 classes participated in this study. Short-term retention was checked: A video on educationally relevant material was shown followed by a brief quiz on that material. The results are informative for both factors—multitasking and policy effectiveness.
Embedding the lateral end of the lag screw within the lateral wall in the repair of reverse obliquity intertrochanteric femur fracture
Authors: Hiragami Ken , Ishii Jyunji 
Published: October 2017

Objective The management of reverse oblique intertrochanteric femoral fractures is difficult because such fractures have unique biomechanical characteristics. This study was performed to review the results of treating reverse oblique intertrochanteric femoral fractures with a long cephalomedullary nail by embedding the lateral end of the lag screw to secure axial compression. Methods We herein report the surgical outcomes in seven patients with reverse oblique intertrochanteric fractures treated with our procedure. Patients whose hip screws obviously had no contact with the distal fragment and whose follow-up time was too short were excluded. The lateral end of the lag screw was embedded within the lateral cortex, and the screws were locked to the nail. All nails were long, and a distal locking screw was inserted in the dynamized position. Results No reoperation, definite leg length discrepancy, or malunion occurred in this study. Conclusions These data suggest that early complications do not seem to increase when the lateral end of the lag screw is embedded and the screw is locked to the nail in the treatment of reverse oblique intertrochanteric fracture at this stage.