bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La Sphère de coprospérité de la Grande Asie orientale : réflexion sur un régionalisme asiatique
Authors: Michelin Franck 
Published: February 2017

L’expression « Sphère de coprospérité de la Grande Asie orientale » est un slogan destiné à légitimer la mise en coupe réglée de la région Asie-Pacifique par le Japon pendant la Guerre du Pacifique. À partir du mois de décembre 1941, il s’agit pour le Japon de bâtir un bloc économique apte à lui procurer l’autonomie vis-à-vis des États-Unis en matière de ressources naturelles et, ainsi, la capacité de résister à la contre-attaque de ce pays. L’échec militaire est cuisant du fait de son incapacité à protéger une zone trop vaste à partir du moment où il perd la suprématie navale. De plus, il s’agit d’un ordre profondément inégalitaire dominé par le Japon. Néanmoins, la Sphère de coprospérité constitue la première tentative sérieuse de politique régionale étendue à la plus grande partie de la zone Asie-Pacifique, ainsi que le point de départ du mouvement de décolonisation dans la région.
South African religious demography: The 2013 General Household Survey
Authors: Schoeman Willem J. 
Published: February 2017

The South African religious landscape is diverse and has a profound effect on the role that faith communities may and should play within this context. The General Household Survey (2013), conducted by StatsSA, gave, for the first time since the census of 2001, a picture of the South African religious profile. The aim is to use religious affiliation and adherence as indicators to plot this landscape. These indicators provide a framework to define and explore the role of the church and faith communities in the South African society. How should secularisation, evangelism, social engagement and the prophetic voice of the church be viewed within this context? The aim of this article is to explore these and other questions within the 2013 General Household Survey as a demographical framework to describe a South African reality for faith communities.
Glaucoma Medication Preferences among Glaucoma Specialists in Mexico
Authors: Castaneda-Diez Rafael , Lazcano-Gómez Gabriel , Gonzalez-Salinas Roberto , Jimenez-Roman Jesus , Alvarez-Ascencio Daniela , Haro-Zuno Cindy , Turati-Acosta Mauricio , Garcia-Huerta Magdalena , Jimenez-Arroyo Jesus , Castillejos-Chevez Armando , Dominguez-Dueñas Francisca 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Aim
To determine the glaucoma specialists' preferences for the different brands of topical glaucoma medications available in Mexico.

Materials and methods
A web-based survey was sent to 150 board-certified glaucoma specialists in Mexico, with 14 questions related to brand preferences for all glaucoma medications available in Mexico. Participants were asked to select each glaucoma medication class by brand and to state the factors leading to their choice.

Results
Data from 111 (74%) glaucoma specialists were collected. Imot (timolol 0.5%; Sophia, Mexico) was the preferred brand for the beta-blockers (BB) class by 71% (n = 79) of the participants. Azopt (brinzolamide 1%; Alcon Lab, US) was the preferred carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI) by 54% (n = 60) of the glaucoma specialists. Lumigan (bimatoprost 0.01% and 0.03%; Allergan Inc., U.S.) was the first choice for the prostaglandin analogues (PGAs) in 62% (n = 70) of the answers. The most frequently prescribed alpha-agonist (AA) was Agglad (brimonidine 0.2%; Sophia Lab, Mexico) in 44% (n = 49) of the answers. Medication accessibility (31%), cost (29%), and recommended dose (23%) were the three main factors influencing the glaucoma specialists' preferences.

Conclusion
Medication cost and accessibility, as well as posology, remain the main factors influencing brand preferences among glaucoma doctors. In our professional opinion, the therapeutic effect must be the leading factor when prescribing topical medications in the daily practice, so that patients receive the best treatment option.

Clinical significance
This survey provides an understanding of the decision-making process when prescribing glaucoma medications by glaucoma specialists in a Latin American developing country. Ideally, patient treatment should be individualized and aimed to achieve the best results possible for their specific condition.

How to cite this article
Lazcano-Gomez G, Alvarez-Ascencio D, Haro-Zuno C, Turati-Acosta M, Garcia-Huerta M, Jimenez-Arroyo J, Castañeda-Diez R, Castillejos-Chevez A, Gonzalez-Salinas R, Dominguez-Dueñas F, Jimenez-Roman J. Glaucoma Medication Preferences among Glaucoma Specialists in Mexico. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2017;11(3):97-100.
Directional, horizontal inhomogeneities of cloud optical thickness fields retrieved from ground-based and airbornespectral imaging
Authors: Schäfer Michael , Bierwirth Eike , Ehrlich André , Jäkel Evelyn , Werner Frank , Wendisch Manfred 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Clouds exhibit distinct horizontal inhomogeneities of their optical and microphysical properties, which complicate their realistic representation in weather and climate models. In order to investigate the horizontal structure of cloud inhomogeneities, 2-D horizontal fields of optical thickness (τ) of subtropical cirrus and Arctic stratus are investigated with a spatial resolution of less than 10 m. The 2-D τ-fields are derived from (a) downward (transmitted) solar spectral radiance measurements from the ground beneath four subtropical cirrus and (b) upward (reflected) radiances measured from aircraft above 10 Arctic stratus. The data were collected during two field campaigns: (a) Clouds, Aerosol, Radiation, and tuRbulence in the trade wind regime over BArbados (CARRIBA) and (b) VERtical Distribution of Ice in Arctic clouds (VERDI). One-dimensional and 2-D autocorrelation functions, as well as power spectral densities, are derived from the retrieved τ-fields. The typical spatial scale of cloud inhomogeneities is quantified for each cloud case. Similarly, the scales at which 3-D radiative effects influence the radiance field are identified. In most of the investigated cloud cases considerable cloud inhomogeneities with a prevailing directional structure are found. In these cases, the cloud inhomogeneities favour a specific horizontal direction, while across this direction the cloud is of homogeneous character. The investigations reveal that it is not sufficient to quantify horizontal cloud inhomogeneities using 1-D inhomogeneity parameters; 2-D parameters are necessary.
Emission, transport, and radiative effects of mineral dust from the Taklimakan and Gobi deserts: comparison of measurements and model results
Authors: Chen Siyu , Huang Jianping , Kang Litai , Wang Hao , Ma Xiaojun , He Yongli , Yuan Tiangang , Yang Ben , Huang Zhongwei , Zhang Guolong 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The Weather Research and Forecasting Model with chemistry (WRF-Chem model) was used to investigate a typical dust storm event that occurred from 18 to 23 March 2010 and swept across almost all of China, Japan, and Korea. The spatial and temporal variations in dust aerosols and the meteorological conditions over East Asia were well reproduced by the WRF-Chem model. The simulation results were used to further investigate the details of processes related to dust emission, long-range transport, and radiative effects of dust aerosols over the Taklimakan Desert (TD) and Gobi Desert (GD). The results indicated that weather conditions, topography, and surface types in dust source regions may influence dust emission, uplift height, and transport at the regional scale. The GD was located in the warm zone in advance of the cold front in this case. Rapidly warming surface temperatures and cold air advection at high levels caused strong instability in the atmosphere, which strengthened the downward momentum transported from the middle and low troposphere and caused strong surface winds. Moreover, the GD is located in a relatively flat, high-altitude region influenced by the confluence of the northern and southern westerly jets. Therefore, the GD dust particles were easily lofted to 4 km and were the primary contributor to the dust concentration over East Asia. In the dust budget analysis, the dust emission flux over the TD was 27.2 ± 4.1 µg m−2 s−1, which was similar to that over the GD (29 ± 3.6 µg m−2 s−1). However, the transport contribution of the TD dust (up to 0.8 ton d−1) to the dust sink was much smaller than that of the GD dust (up to 3.7 ton d−1) because of the complex terrain and the prevailing wind in the TD. Notably, a small amount of the TD dust (PM2.5 dust concentration of approximately 8.7 µg m−3) was lofted to above 5 km and transported over greater distances under the influence of the westerly jets. Moreover, the direct radiative forcing induced by dust was estimated to be −3 and −7 W m−2 at the top of the atmosphere, −8 and −10 W m−2 at the surface, and +5 and +3 W m−2 in the atmosphere over the TD and GD, respectively. This study provides confidence for further understanding the climate effects of the GD dust.
Examining regional groundwater–surface water dynamics using an integrated hydrologic model of the San Joaquin River basin
Authors: Gilbert James M. , Maxwell Reed M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Widespread irrigated agriculture and a growing population depend on the complex hydrology of the San Joaquin River basin in California. The challenge of managing this complex hydrology hinges, in part, on understanding and quantifying how processes interact to support the groundwater and surface water systems. Here, we use the integrated hydrologic platform ParFlow-CLM to simulate hourly 1 km gridded hydrology over 1 year to study un-impacted groundwater–surface water dynamics in the basin. Comparisons of simulated results to observations show the model accurately captures important regional-scale partitioning of water among streamflow, evapotranspiration (ET), snow, and subsurface storage. Analysis of this simulated Central Valley groundwater system reveals the seasonal cycle of recharge and discharge as well as the role of the small but temporally constant portion of groundwater recharge that comes from the mountain block. Considering uncertainty in mountain block hydraulic conductivity, model results suggest this component accounts for 7–23 % of total Central Valley recharge. A simulated surface water budget guides a hydrograph decomposition that quantifies the temporally variable contribution of local runoff, valley rim inflows, storage, and groundwater to streamflow across the Central Valley. Power spectra of hydrograph components suggest interactions with groundwater across the valley act to increase longer-term correlation in San Joaquin River outflows. Finally, model results reveal hysteresis in the relationship between basin streamflow and groundwater contributions to flow. Using hourly model results, we interpret the hysteretic cycle to be a result of daily-scale fluctuations from precipitation and ET superimposed on seasonal and basin-scale recharge and discharge.
Characteristics of rainfall events in regional climate model simulations for the Czech Republic
Authors: Svoboda Vojtěch , Hanel Martin , Máca Petr , Kyselý Jan 
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Characteristics of rainfall events in an ensemble of 23 regional climate model (RCM) simulations are evaluated against observed data in the Czech Republic for the period 1981–2000. Individual rainfall events are identified using the concept of minimum inter-event time (MIT) and only heavy events (15 % of events with the largest event depths) during the warm season (May–September) are considered. Inasmuch as an RCM grid box represents a spatial average, the effects of areal averaging of rainfall data on characteristics of events are investigated using the observed data. Rainfall events from the RCM simulations are then compared to those from the at-site and area-average observations. Simulated number of heavy events and seasonal total precipitation due to heavy events are on average represented relatively well despite the higher spatial variation compared to observations. RCM-simulated event depths are comparable to the area-average observations, while event durations are overestimated and other characteristics related to rainfall intensity are significantly underestimated. The differences between RCM-simulated and at-site observed rainfall event characteristics are in general dominated by the biases of the climate models rather than the areal-averaging effect. Most of the rainfall event characteristics in the majority of the RCM simulations show a similar altitude-dependence pattern as in the observed data. The number of heavy events and seasonal total precipitation due to heavy events increase with altitude, and this dependence is captured better by the RCM simulations with higher spatial resolution.
Breaking Discipline, Integrating Literature: Africa–China Relationships Reconsidered
Authors: Thornber Karen Laura 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Comparative literature has long defined itself as interdisciplinary, intercultural, and interlingual. These traits have led some to criticize the discipline as lacking discipline. Yet indiscipline—not to mention the intercultural, interlingual, and interdisciplinary—is a matter of perspective; in many ways, comparative literature is highly disciplined. So how then to break discipline more thoroughly? This article engages in one approach—incorporating literature into a wider range of global history and other scholarly discussions of transregional/global processes. The focus is Africa–China relationships. Integral to China's rapid rise as a world power have been its global initiatives and investments. These are most pronounced in Africa, where in many nations the financial, military, and political connections with China now run exceptionally deep. The human dimensions of Africa–China contact are just as complex, but unlike other types of contact they remain woefully understudied. African artistic engagement with China and Chinese artistic engagement with Africa enhance our understandings of these interconnections. But rather than simply exposing and then either affirming or dismantling stereotypes, many Chinese and African creative works across the centuries are more nuanced. This literary engagement provides valuable perspectives on some of today's most controversial and anxiety producing transregional dynamics.
Geen uitweg uit de Europese valstrik van de euroredding?
Authors: Scharpf Fritz W. 
Published: February 2017

No Exit from the Euro-Rescuing Trap?
This paper attempts a normative assessment of the input and output-oriented legitimacy of the present euro-rescuing regime on the basis of policy analyses examining the causes of present crises, the available policy options, and the impact of the policies actually chosen. Concluding that the regime lacks input-oriented legitimacy and that its claim to output-oriented legitimacy is ambivalent at best, the paper explores potential – majoritarian or unilateral – exits from the present institutional constellation that is characterized by the synthesis of a non-democratic expertocracy and an extremely asymmetric intergovernmental bargaining system.
Ambtenaren en levensbeschouwelijke tekens – een pleidooi voor inclusieve neutraliteit
Authors: Levrau François 
Published: February 2017

Civil servants and cultural/religious signs – a plea for inclusive neutrality
Every now and then the question whether or not civil servants are allowed to wear religious and ideological signs divides the minds of the people, and leads to societal and political controversy. In this article we examine this controversy by contrasting two different conceptions of neutrality, an inclusive and an exclusive account. We illustrate why the former is to be preferred and hence that a neutral government should not necessarily ask its servants to abstract from religious and cultural expressions. This however does not imply that all kinds of expressions should be allowed. In order to prevent a slippery slope, we formulate a number of formal criteria that can help to separate the proverbial wheat from the chaff: (1) the interpretation of neutrality in relation to a minimum and objective review; (2) the proportionality criterion; (3) the functionality criterion; and (4) the criterion of contact with the public.
Patronen in de criminele ontwikkeling van fraudeurs
Authors: van van Onna J.H.R. 
Published: February 2017

Patterns in the criminal career development of white-collar offenders
Both white-collar research and law enforcement tend to focus on the circumstances surrounding the white-collar offence and pay less attention to the background of the offender. Research shows that white-collar offenders are a heterogeneous group and that different development pathways and offender profiles can be identified. For many offenders the offence appears to be an isolated occurrence in norm conform lives, for others patterns in offending can be distinguished. For some this is a divers and long criminal career, others display a mix of norm conform and deviant behaviour. After briefly exploring if an underlying tendency for deviant and risk full behaviour may characterise white-collar offenders and how this may interact with opportunities for white-collar crime, the significance of these findings for law enforcement is discussed.
Rapid Simultaneous Separation of Four Oral Antidiabetic Drugs and Quantitative Determination of Glibenclamide Using Conventional and Fused-Core Silica Columns
Authors: Moraes Laura Maria Fontes Prado , Pianetti Gerson Antônio , César Isabela da Costa , Fernandes Christian 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with high and growing prevalence worldwide. Therefore, the development of fast and efficient methods for the QC ofantidiabetic drugs is of fundamental importance. Twoultra-fast methods, using a conventional (C18 100 × 2.1 mm, 5 μm fully porous particle) column or a fused-core (C18 100 × 2.1 mm, 2.7 μm fused-core particle) column, were developedfor the simultaneous determination of four antidiabetic drugs (chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, gliclazide, and glimepiride). The developed methods were compared in terms of efficiency, speed of analysis, resolution, and peak symmetry. Both methods were validated with respect to selectivity, system suitability, linearity, precision, accuracy, LOD, LOQ, and robustness, using glibenclamide as model. Conventional and fused-core methods were shown to be appropriate for the determination of glibenclamide in tablets; however, the fused-core column presented higher efficiency, detectability, and resolution. Also, it enabled faster analysis, with separation of the four drugs inless than 1 min.
Revision of the Afrotropical planthopper genus Centromeriana Melichar, 1912 (Hemiptera, Dictyopharidae)
Authors: Song Zhi-Shun , Malenovský Igor , Liang Ai-Ping 
Published: February 2017

The Afrotropical planthopper genus Centromeriana Melichar, 1912 (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae, Dictyopharinae, Orthopagini) is revised. Four species are included: C. jocosa (Gerstaecker, 1895) (the type species, with confirmed records from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon), C. lindbergae sp. nov. (described from Sierra Leone), C. rhinoceros sp. nov. (described from Togo) and C. simplex Melichar, 1912 (so far only known from Equatorial Guinea, Bioko island). Lectotypes are designated for C. jocosa and C. simplex and both species are redescribed including habitus photographs and detailed illustrations of the male and female genitalia which are published for the first time. A key for identification of the species of Centromeriana is provided. As far as known, the genus is endemic to the (Guineo-)Congolian region of western Africa.
Traditional Models Used in Evaluation of Requests for Credit Card and Alternatives (AHP)
Authors: Galo Agerti 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Thousands of people are applying for credit cards in the bank now days. Bank department that deals with credit cards is impossible to evaluate all multiple applications. Therefore they used automatic procedures based on computer and statistical models to assess the credit card requirements. The approval rating of applications until recently was based on human judgment that deals with ‘is persons evaluating applications. Recently the increasing demand for credit cards brought the necessity of evaluation models. The models used are a synthesis of highly complex mathematical analysis. These models are too difficult to understand as well as their application upon field requires users who have a certain level of education. Deficiencies and difficulties in using of them make the users to look at alternative models which are acceptable and easily accessible. Hierarchical analysis process (AHP) is a model that meets the needs for decision-making but also ease of use from that who owns the model makes it more attractive. Using AHP by banks in their decision-making needs would bring them a low cost and it would be highly efficient.
A Study on Students’ Choice of Programme in the University
Authors: Ajibola M. O. , Emeghe I. J. , Oluwumi A. O. , Oni A. S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The study examined the choice of programme that students’ offered in the University, especially in the built environment. Questionnaire was administered on 100 Level students in the Departments of Architecture, Building Technology and Estate Management of Covenant University, Ota. A total of 136 copies of questionnaire was retrieved and used for analysis as contained in the study. The study revealed that 79.4% were in the University based on their parents’ choice while 90% are responsible for the choice of course (programme) they are pursuing in the University based on personal interest. About 69.9% of the students dislike the University which may be a factor to be considered in their academic performances. It is therefore very important that, even though the students are very tender in ages, respect should be given to their opinion in taking decision(s) on issues that border on their lives. Parents should always take time to talk things over with their wards rather than imposing their opinion on the children.
New Technology in Education
Authors: Giannoukos Georgios , Hioctour Vasilios , Galiropoulos Christos , Besas Georgios 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper discusses the use of new technology in education. It refers to different types of literacy namely technological, digital, mathematical, scientific and information literacy as well as to the definitions and characteristics of the use of computers in education such as CAL, CBE, CAT etc. The use of technology in the constructivist and behavioural learning approach are mentioned and the advantages and disadvantages of the use of new technology in education are given.
Credit Policy Planning in Medium Scale Business
Authors: Herdinata Christian 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In dealing with the factors affecting credit policy, a management should consider external and internal information before creating a policy. Internal factors include the structure and the amount of available bank assets and liabilities, and the type, state, and composition of available banking facilities and personnels. Meanwhile, external factors include the atmosphere of the business world in general and banking sector in particular, bank location, and others. The factors that need to be considered in credit policy cannot be separated from the problems that exist in banking activities. Since the factors affecting credit policy act as a guideline which influences credit management, it is important to analyze these factors. This research maps out some important factors in credit management and recommends certain practical steps that can be taken in credit management.