bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
2024 UK and Ireland modified Delphi consensus on myopia management in children and young people
Authors: Dahlmann‐Noor Annegret H. , Ghorbani‐Mojarrad Neema , Williams Katie M. , Ghoneim Ahmed , Allen Peter M. , Beach Michelle L. , Bruce Gillian , Buckhurst Hetal D. , Buckhurst Phillip J. , Cruickshank Fiona E. , Cufflin Matthew P. , Day Mhairi D. , Doyle Lesley , Evans Bruce J. W. , Flitcroft Daniel Ian , Gray Lyle S. , Grewal Indie , Guggenheim Jeremy A. , Hammond Christopher J. , Higginbotham Jason C. , Jawaid Imran , Kearney Stephanie , Lawrenson John G. , Logan Nicola S. , Loughman James , Mallen Edward A. H. , McCullough Sara J. , Nagra Manbir , Saunders Kathryn J. , Seidel Dirk , Shah Tanvi , Strang Niall C. , Webber Kathryn J. , Wolffsohn James S. , Young Alexandra L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionThis work aimed to establish the largest UK and Ireland consensus on myopia management in children and young people (CYP).MethodsA modified Delphi consensus was conducted with a panel of 34 optometrists and ophthalmologists with expertise in myopia management.ResultsTwo rounds of voting took place and 131 statements were agreed, including that interventions should be discussed with parents/carers of all CYP who develop myopia before the age of 13 years, a recommendation for interventions to be publicly funded for those at risk of fast progression and high myopia, that intervention selection should take into account the CYP's hobbies and lifestyle and that additional training for eye care professionals should be available from non‐commercial sources. Topics for which published evidence is limited or lacking were areas of weaker or no consensus. Modern myopia management contact and spectacles are suitable first‐line treatments. The role and provision of low‐concentration atropine needs to be reviewed once marketing authorisations and funding decisions are in place. There is some evidence that a combination of low‐concentration atropine with an optical intervention can have an additive effect; further research is needed. Once an intervention is started, best practice is to monitor non‐cycloplegic axial length 6 monthly.ConclusionResearch is needed to identify those at risk of progression, the long‐term effectiveness of individual and combined interventions, and when to discontinue treatment when myopia has stabilised. As further evidence continues to emerge, this consensus work will be repeated to ensure it remains relevant.
Survey of Sun Exposure Levels, Sun Protection Behavior, and Skin Cancer Risk Awareness in Junior Tennis Players
Authors: Thiele Mia H. , Lee Margaret S. , Thiele Jens J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTDespite a growing number of young adults developing skin cancers, little is known about the sun‐protective behavior of high school athletes exposed to high levels of UV radiation, such as junior tennis players. To investigate the frequency and quality of their sun protective behaviors, a web‐based, anonymous survey was conducted among tennis players at high school varsity matches and United States Tennis Association tournaments in Southern California. Although 92.6% of the 81 respondents indicated they play during peak sun intensity hours, 46.9% stated they do not regularly wear sunscreen, 27.2% do not routinely wear hats or visors, only 9.9% wear protective eyewear, and 4.9% wear UV‐protective clothing; furthermore, 87.5% of junior tennis players stated they are not very familiar with skin cancer, but 73.8% would like to learn more about it. The results of this study demonstrate a lack of consistent sun protective behavior among junior tennis players, providing a rationale for the development of targeted educational campaigns to increase skin cancer risk awareness and more effective sun‐protective behavior.
Elucidating light and temperature‐dependent signalling pathways from shoot to root in rice plants: Implications for stress responses
Authors: Gholizadeh Fatemeh , Prerostová Sylva , Pál Magda , Benczúr Kinga , Hamow Kamirán Á. , Majláth Imre , Kun József , Gyenesei Attila , Urbán Péter , Szalai Gabriella , Vanková Radomíra , Janda Tibor 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe main aim of this work was to better understand how the low temperature signal from the leaves may affect the stress responses in the roots, and how the light conditions modify certain stress acclimation processes in rice plants. Rice plants grown at 27°C were exposed to low temperatures (12°C) with different light intensities, and in the case of some groups of plants, only the leaves received the cold, while the roots remained at control temperature. RNA sequencing focusing on the roots of plants grown under normal growth light conditions found 525 differentially expressed genes in different comparisons. Exposure to low temperature led to more down‐regulated than up‐regulated genes. Comparison between roots of the leaf‐stressed plants and whole cold‐treated or control plants revealed that nitrogen metabolism and nitric oxide‐related signalling, as well as the phenylpropanoid‐related processes, were specifically affected. Real‐time PCR results focusing on the COLD1 and polyamine oxidase genes, as well as metabolomics targeting hormonal changes and phenolic compounds also showed that not only cold exposure of the leaves, either alone or together with the roots, but also the light conditions may influence certain stress responses in the roots of rice plants.
Resolving the intergeneric phylogeny of the large carrion beetles (Staphylinidae: Silphinae: Silphini)
Authors: Mahlerová Karolina , Jakubec Pavel , Krak Karol , Růžička Jan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe worldwide distributed subfamily of rove beetles Silphinae contains two well‐established tribes, based on both morphological and molecular data. The relationships within the tribe Nicrophorini have been mostly resolved; however, the tribe Silphini still lacks a robust phylogeny. Thus, here we resolved the phylogeny of the tribe based on 42 species of the 114 known species, using five molecular markers. Heterotemna tenuicornis Brullé clustered as sister to Silpha tristis Illiger, making the subgenus Silpha Linnaeus paraphyletic. Consequently, Heterotemna Wollaston is considered a junior subjective synonym of Silpha Linnaeus; requiring the following combinations: Silpha (Silpha) britoi (García & Pérez), comb. nov., Silpha (Silpha) figurata Brullé, comb. rest., and Silpha (Silpha) tenuicornis Brullé, comb. rest. Our estimate of the phylogeny agrees with current generic limits except it revealed that the genus Aclypea Reitter arose from within the genus Silpha, thus making the latter paraphyletic. Some ambiguity remains regarding the confidence of this finding; therefore, we refrain from synonymizing Aclypea until further study. Furthermore, it includes biogeographical information for each genus, which estimates the history of distributions of the Silphini across the Australian, Neotropical, and Oriental regions.
Air pollution and firms' export product quality: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Bo , He Zhenyu , Tang Yuwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study provides causal estimates of the effect of air pollution on firms' export product quality, based on China's experience. Using thermal inversions as an instrument, a 1% increase in PM2.5 is associated with a 0.25% decrease in export product quality. A series of tests indicates the robustness of our main result. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the negative impact of air pollution on export product quality is only significant among regions with high levels of air pollution. In addition, we find that air pollution also reduces firms' export sales, share and probability. Our study provides original evidence for the relationship between air pollution and firms' export product quality, offering a unique perspective for countries to enhance export competitiveness.
Validation of the Sysmex XN‐V hematology analyzer for feline specimens
Authors: Guerlin Maud , Granat Fanny , Grebert Margot , Braun Jean‐Pierre , Geffré Anne , Bourgès‐Abella Nathalie , Trumel Catherine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Sysmex XN‐V is derived from the new Sysmex XN series of human hematology analyzers. The main changes from the previously validated XT‐2000iV analyzer include an optic‐fluorescent analysis for platelets and a nucleated red blood cell (NRBC) count.ObjectiveWe aimed to validate the Sysmex XN‐V for feline blood following the American College for Veterinary Clinical Pathology and International Council for Standardization in Hematology recommendations.MethodsFeline EDTA blood specimens were analyzed on the Sysmex XN‐V to evaluate repeatability, linearity, comparison with the XT‐2000iV analyzer and manual methods, stability, and to verify the previously established Sysmex XT‐2000iV RIs.ResultsRepeatability was excellent for most variables. Visually determined linearity was excellent or good for most variables except eosinophils and platelet variables. The correlation between the XN‐V and XT‐2000iV analyzers was good (≥0.82) for all variables except reticulocyte indices. Correlations between the Sysmex XN‐V and manual differential counts were good to excellent for most variables, acceptable for neutrophils, and fair for monocytes and NRBC. The previously established Sysmex XT‐2000iV RIs can be used to interpret results from the Sysmex XN‐V analyzer for most variables except red cell distribution width and reticulocyte variables. The RI for platelet variables could not be evaluated because of platelet clumps. Changes in the Sysmex XN‐V measurements after storage at 4 and 24°C were similar to those described for the Sysmex XT‐2000iV analyzer.ConclusionsThe performance of the Sysmex XN‐V analyzer was good and compared favorably with the Sysmex XT‐2000iV analyzer.
Complete Dynamics From Ignition to Stabilization of a Lean Hydrogen Flame With Thickened Flame Model
Authors: Amerighi M. , Senatori G. , Yahou T. , Schuller T. , Dawson J. R. , Andreini A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In recent years, attention has been paid to hydrogen thanks to its carbon-free nature and its interesting characteristics as an energy vector. Despite the large number of numerical analyses regarding hydrocarbon combustion in all the steady and unsteady processes, few papers that cover all those aspects are available in the literature for hydrogen flames. Therefore, a numerical methodology to explore the complete ignition sequence from the spark release to the flame stabilization is validated on a single-sector hydrogen burner. In this context, a preliminary direct numerical simulation (DNS) investigation of laminar spherical expanding flames is performed using different diffusive transport models to isolate their impact. The present work, carried out within the European project HESTIA, investigates the atmospheric test rig installed at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology operating with a lean, perfectly premixed, hydrogen–air flame stabilized on a conical bluff body. Four simulations are performed adopting the thickened flame model with an energy deposition (ED) strategy to assess the impact of preferential and thermal diffusion, as well as grid resolution, on flame dynamics. Three-dimensional (3D) flame structure visualization coupled with detailed particle image velocimetry (PIV)/OH-planar laser induced fluorescence (OH-PLIF) measurements allows the investigation of the key mechanisms involved during the ignition. The dynamic response of the flame through axial fluctuations once the ignition transient is concluded is reconstructed by the numerical strategy employed. Although the overall behavior is almost unchanged by including or not thermal diffusion effects, their local impact on the flame is evident leading to a better agreement with experimental data.
Introduction
Authors: Barton Peter 
Published: September 2024

The introduction provides context for the correspondence of Marianne Angermann-Bielschowsky and the journal entries of her mother, Charlotte Angermann. These autobiographical texts deal with the experiences of Marianne Angermann-Bielschowsky and her husband, the German-Jewish physician Franz Bielschowsky, during the Spanish Civil War in Madrid, and those of her mother in Dresden, Germany in the 1930s and 1940s. Marianne travelled to Madrid in late 1935 to take up a position at the Institute of Medical Research, led by Professor Carlos Jiménez Díaz, at the University of Madrid. She had been preceded by her future husband, Franz, who began collaborating with Jiménez Díaz in late 1933 after he had been dismissed from his post at Freiburg University. When the Spanish Civil War broke out, Marianne and Franz worked at Military Hospital No. 6 at Chamartín de la Rosa in Madrid. At the end of the Spanish conflict they managed to get entry visas for the United Kingdom where they held research positions at Sheffield University under Professor H. Green. Marianne's mother, Charlotte, a pensioner, spent the Second World War in Dresden with her husband, Konrad. Her journal entries record the everyday travails of life on the home front in Nazi Germany. She records what she hears from her friends and family in Germany who had been subjected to the Allies' Area Bombing Campaign and she writes of her own experiences of the bombing of Dresden in February 1945. The Soviet occupation of Dresden in 1945 and early 1946 forms another strand in her entries.
Epstein-Barr virus replication within differentiated epithelia requires pRb sequestration of activator E2F transcription factors
Authors: Schaal Danielle L. , Amucheazi Akajiugo A. , Jones Sarah C. , Nkadi Ebubechukwu H. , Scott Rona S. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) co-infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) have been observed in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Modeling EBV/HPV co-infection in organotypic epithelial raft cultures revealed that HPV16 E7 inhibited EBV productive replication through the facilitated degradation of the retinoblastoma protein pRb/p105. To further understand how pRb is required for EBV productive replication, we generated CRISPR-Cas9 pRb knockout (KO) normal oral keratinocytes (NOKs) in the context of wild-type and mutant K120E p53. EBV replication was examined in organotypic rafts as a physiological correlate for epithelial differentiation. In pRb KO rafts, EBV DNA copy number was statistically decreased compared to vector controls, regardless of p53 context. Loss of pRb did not affect EBV binding or internalization of calcium-treated NOKs or early infection of rafts. Rather, the block in EBV replication correlated with impaired immediate early gene expression. An EBV infection time course in rafts with mutant p53 demonstrated that pRb-positive basal cells were initially infected with delayed replication occurring in differentiated layers. Loss of pRb showed increased S-phase progression makers and elevated activator E2F activity in raft tissues. Complementation with a panel of pRb/E2F binding mutants showed that wild type or pRb∆685 mutant capable of E2F binding reduced S-phase marker gene expression, rescued EBV DNA replication, and restored BZLF1 expression in pRb KO rafts. However, pRb KO complemented with pRb661W mutant, unable to bind E2Fs, failed to rescue EBV replication in raft culture. These findings suggest that EBV productive replication in differentiated epithelium requires pRb inhibition of activator E2Fs to restrict S-phase progression.

IMPORTANCE
A subset of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is co-positive for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Potential oncogenic viral interactions revealed that HPV16 E7 inhibited productive EBV replication within the differentiated epithelium. As E7 mediates the degradation of pRb, we aimed to establish how pRb is involved in EBV replication. In the context of differentiated epithelium using organotypic raft culture, we evaluated how the loss of pRb affects EBV lytic replication to better comprehend EBV contributions to carcinogenesis. In this study, ablation of pRb interfered with EBV replication at the level of immediate early gene expression. Loss of pRb increased activator E2Fs and associated S-phase gene expression throughout the differentiated epithelium. Complementation studies showed that wild type and pRb mutant capable of binding to E2F rescued EBV replication, while pRb mutant lacking E2F binding did not. Altogether, these studies support that in differentiated tissues, HPV16 E7-mediated degradation of pRb inhibits EBV replication through unregulated E2F activity.
Retaining doctors in emergency medicine: an ethnographic study of emergency departments in England
Authors: Darbyshire Daniel , Brewster Liz , Isba Rachel , Body Richard , Goodwin Dawn 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo gain a deep understanding of factors driving retention in emergency medicine. To understand in detail the day-to-day lived experience of emergency medicine doctors, to identify and explore factors influencing retention, to situate these descriptions within the current educational and health policy contexts and to advance the debate and make policy and practice recommendations.DesignEthnography and semistructured interviews.SettingTwo purposively sampled emergency departments in England, with additional interview participants recruited via social media and relevant stakeholder organisations.Participants41 interview participants comprising 21 emergency physicians across 2 sites, 10 former emergency physicians and 10 stakeholders, with 132 hours of observation over 11 weeks in one emergency department in England.ResultsThree key themes were developed as relevant to the day-to-day lived experience of work in the emergency department, presenting challenges to retention and opportunities for change. First, emergency physicians needed to develop workarounds to mitigate the sensory and material challenges of working in a difficult environment.Second, education influences retention through valuing, fostering competence and entrustment and supporting interdependence. These were primarily observable in the workplace through senior staff prioritising the education of more junior staff.Third, community was important for retention. Linked to education through communities of practice, it was built by brief interpersonal interactions between emergency department workers.Situating these descriptions in current policy contexts identified less than full-time working, portfolio careers and mentorship as retention strategies. Self-rostering and annualisation facilitated these retention strategies.ConclusionsThe emergency department represents a difficult environment with many challenges, yet by focusing on how doctors navigate these difficulties, we can see the way in which retention occurs in everyday practices, and that valuing staff is critical for retention.
Potential impact of alcohol calorie labelling on the attitudes and drinking behaviour of hazardous and low-risk drinkers in England: a national survey
Authors: Steptoe Andrew , Sheen Florence , Conway Rana , Llewellyn Clare , Brown Jamie 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesWe investigated the hypothetical impact of mandatory alcohol calorie labelling, comparing non-drinkers, low-risk and hazardous drinkers in terms of attitudes, knowledge about calorie content and hypothetical behaviour changes should labelling be introduced.DesignCross-sectional national telephone survey.SettingCommunity-dwelling adults in England between November 2022 and January 2023.ParticipantsData were collected from 4683 adults >18 years, of whom 24.7% were non-drinkers; 77.6% of alcohol drinkers were categorised as low-risk and 22.4% as hazardous drinkers according to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test questionnaire.Primary outcome measuresAttitudes to alcohol calorie labelling in shops and supermarkets and in hospitality venues, knowledge of the calorie content of alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, cider and spirits) and changes in drinking practices if calorie labelling was introduced.ResultsComparisons were made between non-drinkers, low-risk drinkers and hazardous drinkers, with analyses adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and education. Attitudes to calorie labelling were generally positive, but were less favourable among alcohol drinkers than non-drinkers. Hazardous drinkers were more accurate in their estimations of the calorie content of wine, cider and spirits than non-drinkers (p<0.0001). Overall, 46.4% of drinkers indicated that they would change their drinking patterns if calorie labelling was introduced, and this response was more common among hazardous than low-risk drinkers (OR=1.43, 95% CI 1.199 to 1.699), adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and education. Compared with low-risk drinkers, hazardous drinkers stated that they would be more likely to drink fewer alcoholic beverages, to drink alcohol less often, to choose lower calorie drinks and to do more exercise (adjusted OR 1.27, 1.009 to 1.606).ConclusionsA sizeable proportion of hazardous drinkers indicated that they would change their consumption practices if mandatory calorie labelling was introduced. Promoting more positive attitudes to calorie labelling might lead to stronger intentions to reduce consumption. Mandatory calorie labelling of alcoholic beverages may make a modest contribution to energy intake and the maintenance of health weight, particularly among heavier drinkers.
Higher intracranial positioning of an 8 Fr guide catheter improves efficacy of aspiration thrombectomy in large vessel occlusion stroke
Authors: Goldman Daryl , Reddi Preethi , Al-Kawaz Mais , Yaeger Kurt A , Hardigan Trevor , Mehta Amol , Scaggiante Jacopo , Tomalty Robert Dana , Gulotta Paul , Fennell Vernard , Vidal Gabriel A , Poongkunran Mugilan , Milburn James M , Majidi Shahram 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundHigher positioning of a large bore guide catheter during endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is hypothesized to potentially improve thrombectomy success.ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of intracranial guide catheter placement during EVT using a multicenter database.MethodsWe reviewed data on consecutive patients undergoing EVT for anterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO) at three comprehensive stroke centers between October 2019 and December 2022. Participants were allocated to one of two cohorts: intracranial (n=141)—guide catheter tip positioned in the petrous carotid or further distal; and control (n=285)—guide catheter tip below the petrous carotid. Primary outcome was excellent reperfusion (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia (TICI) 2c or better), first pass effect (TICI 2c or better after one pass), and arterial access to final reperfusion time. The unpaired t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare themeans, medians and proportions of the two groups, respectively. P values & lt;0.05 were considered statistically significant two cohorts.ResultsA total of 426 patients were included in the analysis. Patients with guide catheter location in the petrous segment or further distal had a significantly higher first-pass effect (111/284, 39.1% vs 37/141, 26.2%, P=0.009). There was no significant difference in final excellent recanalization rates between groups (202/285, 70.9% vs 92/141, 65.2%, P=0.266). Furthermore, intracranial positioning of the guide catheter was associated with significantly shorter time to final recanalization (median 21.0 (13.0–38.0) min vs 30.0 (17.0–48.0) min, P<0.001).ConclusionPositioning a large bore guide catheter in the petrous segment or further distal resulted in a significantly higher rate of first pass effect, faster procedural times, and equivalent final excellent reperfusion rates compared with more proximal guide catheter placement for patients with anterior circulation LVO.