bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid in bleeding paediatric trauma patients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Urban Denisa , Dehaeck Ruben , Lorenzetti Diane , Guilfoyle Jonathan , Poon Man-Chiu , Steele MacGregor , Lardner David , Ma Irene Wai Yan , Brindle Mary Elizabeth 
Published: September 2016

IntroductionTrauma is the leading cause of death among children aged 1–18. Studies indicate that better control of bleeding could potentially prevent 10–20% of trauma-related deaths. The antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid (TxA) has shown promise in haemorrhage control in adult trauma patients. However, information on the potential benefits of TxA in children remains sparse. This review proposes to evaluate the current uses, benefits and adverse effects of TxA in the bleeding paediatric trauma population.Methods and analysisA structured search of bibliographic databases (eg, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL) has been undertaken to retrieve randomised controlled trials and cohort studies that describe the use of TxA in paediatric trauma patients. To ensure that all relevant data were captured, the search did not contain any restrictions on language or publication time. After deduplication, citations will be screened independently by 2 authors, and selected for inclusion based on prespecified criteria. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be performed independently and in duplicate. Meta-analytic methods will be employed wherever appropriate.Ethics and disseminationThis study will not involve primary data collection, and formal ethical approval will therefore not be required. The findings of this study will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed publication and at relevant conference meetings.Trial registration numberCRD42016038023.
Factors influencing time to computed tomography in emergency department patients with suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Khan Maryam , Sivilotti Marco L A , Bullard Michael J , Émond Marcel , Sutherland Jane , Worster Andrew , Hohl Corinne M , Lee Jacques S , Eisenhauer Mary , Pauls Merril , Lesiuk Howard , Wells George A , Stiell Ian G , Perry Jeffrey J 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundCT has excellent sensitivity for subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) when performed within 6 hours of headache onset, but it is unknown to what extent patients with more severe disease are likely to undergo earlier CT, potentially inflating estimates of sensitivity. Our objective was to evaluate which patient and hospital factors were associated with earlier neuroimaging in alert, neurologically intact ED patients with suspected SAH.MethodsWe analysed data from two large sequential prospective cohorts of ED patients with acute headache undergoing CT for suspected SAH. We examined the time interval from headache onset to CT, both overall and subdivided from headache onset to hospital registration and from registration to CT.ResultsAmong 2412 patients with headache, 194 had SAH, with 178 identified on unenhanced CT. Of these, 91 (51.1%) were identified by CT within 6 hours of headache onset and 87 after 6 hours. Patients with SAH had a shorter time from headache onset to hospital presentation (median 4.5 hours, IQR 1.7–22.7 vs 9.6 hours, IQR 2.8–46.0, p<0.001) and were imaged sooner after headache onset (6.4 hours, IQR 3.5–27.1 vs 12.6 hours, IQR 5.5–48.0, p<0.001) compared with those without SAH. The median time from in-hospital registration to CT scan was significantly shorter in those patients with SAH although this difference was less than 1 hour (1.9 hours, IQR 1.2–2.8 vs 2.5 hours, IQR 1.5–3.9, p<0.001). Arrival by ambulance (OR 3.1, 95% CI 1.94 to 4.98, p<0.001) and higher acuity at triage (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.88, p=0.032) were among the factors associated with having CT imaging within 6 hours of headache onset.ConclusionsTime from headache onset to imaging is moderately associated with positive imaging for SAH. Delay to hospital presentation accounts for the largest fraction of time to imaging, especially those without SAH. These findings suggest limited opportunity to reduce lumbar puncture rates simply by accelerating in-hospital processes when imaging delays are under 2 hours, as diagnostic yield of imaging decreases beyond the 6-hour imaging window from headache onset.
How do individual-level sociodemographics and neighbourhood-level characteristics influence residential location behaviour in the context of the food and built environment? Findings from 25 years of follow-up in the CARDIA Study
Authors: Rummo Pasquale E , Guilkey David K , Shikany James M , Reis Jared P , Gordon-Larsen Penny 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundLittle is known about how diet-related and activity-related amenities relate to residential location behaviour. Understanding these relationships is essential for addressing residential self-selection bias.MethodsUsing 25 years (6 examinations) of data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study (n=11 013 observations) and linked neighbourhood-level data from the 4 CARDIA baseline cities (Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Oakland, California, USA), we characterised participants’ neighbourhoods as having low, average or high road connectivity and amenities using non-hierarchical cluster analysis. We then used repeated measures multinomial logistic regression with random effects to examine the associations between individual-level sociodemographics and neighbourhood-level characteristics with residential neighbourhood types over the 25-year period, and whether these associations differed by individual-level income.ResultsBeing female was positively associated with living in neighbourhoods with low (vs high) road connectivity and activity-related and diet-related amenities among high-income individuals only. At all income levels, a higher percentage of neighbourhood white population and neighbourhood population <18 years were associated with living in neighbourhoods with low (vs high) connectivity and amenities. Individual-level race; age; and educational attainment, neighbourhood socioeconomic status and housing prices did not influence residential location behaviour related to neighbourhood connectivity and amenities at any income level.ConclusionsNeighbourhood-level factors appeared to play a comparatively greater role in shaping residential location behaviour than individual-level sociodemographics. Our study is an important step in understanding how residential locational behaviour relates to amenities and physical activity opportunities, and may help mitigate residential self-selection bias in built environment studies.
Impact of laboratory cost display on resident attitudes and knowledge about costs
Authors: Long Theodore , Bongiovanni Tasce , Dashevsky Meir , Halim Andrea , Ross Joseph S , Fogerty Robert L , Silvestri Mark T 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimCost awareness has been proposed as a strategy for curbing the continued rise of healthcare costs. However, most physicians are unaware of the cost of diagnostic tests, and interventions have had mixed results. We sought to assess resident physician cost awareness following sustained visual display of costs into electronic health record (EHR) order entry screens.Study DesignWe completed a preintervention and postintervention web-based survey. Participants were physicians in internal medicine, paediatrics, combined medicine and paediatrics, obstetrics and gynaecology, emergency medicine, and orthopaedic surgery at one tertiary co are academic medical centre. Costs were displayed in the EHR for 1032 unique laboratory orders. We measured attitudes towards costs and estimates of Medicare reimbursement rates for 11 common laboratory and imaging tests.ResultsWe received 209 survey responses during the preintervention period (response rate 71.1%) and 194 responses during the postintervention period (response rate 66.0%). The proportion of residents that agreed/strongly agreed that they knew the costs of tests they ordered increased after the cost display (8.6% vs 38.2%; p&lt;0.001). Cost estimation accuracy among residents increased after the cost display from 24.0% to 52.4% for laboratory orders (p&lt;0.001) and from 37.7% to 49.6% for imaging orders (p&lt;0.001).ConclusionsResident cost awareness and ability to accurately estimate laboratory order costs improved significantly after implementation of a comprehensive EHR cost display for all laboratory orders. The improvement in cost estimation accuracy for imaging orders, which did not have costs displayed, suggested a possible spillover effect generated by providing a cost context for residents.
New U–Pb zircon ages of plagiogranites from the Nagaland–Manipur Ophiolites, Indo-Myanmar Orogenic Belt, NE India
Authors: Singh A. Krishnakanta , Chung Sun-Lin , Bikramaditya R. K. , Lee Hao Yang 
Published: September 2016

We report new U–Pb zircon ages and whole-rock chemistry of plagiogranites from the Nagaland–Manipur Ophiolites, exposed in the Indo-Myanmar Orogenic Belt, NE India, which represents the southeastern extension of the Indus–Yarlung–Tsangpo Suture of Neo-Tethyan origin. The plagiogranites (SiO
2
= 57 and 76 wt%) are characterized by high sodium (Na
2
O = 5.9 – 7.2 wt%) and low potassium (K
2
O = 0.1 – 0.6 wt%), coupled with low Rb (1.8 – 9.5 ppm), low Rb/Sr (<0.1) and A/CNK < 1 (molar). Geochemically they are oceanic plagiogranites with trondhjemitic compositions and metaluminous affinities. Their rare earth element (REE) patterns exhibit depletion in light REE (La
N
/Sm
N
= 0.50 – 1.13) relative to heavy REE (Sm
N
/Yb
N
= 0.59 – 0.88), with low ΣREE and incompatible trace element contents that indicate derivation from a depleted mantle source. High ratios of large ion lithophile elements to high field strength elements with pronounced Nb, Ta and Ti depletions furthermore suggest the presence of the subduction component in the source region. Zircon U–Pb geochronology yielded mean
206
Pb/
238
U ages between 116.4 ± 2.2 and 118.8 ± 1.2 Ma that record crustal formation in the Early Cretaceous. Collectively the data indicate that the Nagaland–Manipur Ophiolites are broadly coeval and geochemically comparable with Neo-Tethyan ophiolites elsewhere in the Indus–Yarlung–Tsangpo Suture.
UGT2B17 Expedites Progression of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancers by Promoting Ligand-Independent AR Signaling
Authors: Li Haolong , Xie Ning , Chen Ruiqi , Verreault Mélanie , Fazli Ladan , Gleave Martin E. , Barbier Olivier , Dong Xuesen 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is characterized by a shift in androgen receptor (AR) signaling from androgen-dependent to androgen (ligand)-independent. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2B17 (UGT2B17) is a key enzyme that maintains androgen homeostasis by catabolizing AR agonists into inactive forms. Although enhanced UGT2B17 expression by antiandrogens has been reported in androgen-dependent prostate cancer, its roles in regulating AR signaling transformation and CRPC progression remain unknown. In this study, we show that higher UGT2B17 protein expression in prostate tumors is associated with higher Gleason score, metastasis, and CRPC progression. UGT2B17 expression and activity were higher in androgen-independent compared to androgen-dependent cell lines. UGT2B17 stimulated cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and xenograft progression to CRPC after prolonged androgen deprivation. Gene microarray analysis indicated that UGT2B17 suppressed androgen-dependent AR transcriptional activity and enhanced of ligand-independent transcriptional activity at genes associated with cell mitosis. These UGT2B17 actions were mainly mediated by activation of the c-Src kinase. In CRPC tumors, UGT2B17 expression was associated positively with c-Src activation. These results indicate that UGT2B17 expedites CRPC progression by enhancing ligand-independent AR signaling to activate cell mitosis in cancer cells. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6701–11. ©2016 AACR.
Cardiolipins Are Biomarkers of Mitochondria-Rich Thyroid Oncocytic Tumors
Authors: Zhang Jialing , Yu Wendong , Ryu Seung Woo , Lin John , Buentello Gerardo , Tibshirani Robert , Suliburk James , Eberlin Livia S. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Oncocytic tumors are characterized by an excessive eosinophilic, granular cytoplasm due to aberrant accumulation of mitochondria. Mutations in mitochondrial DNA occur in oncocytic thyroid tumors, but there is no information about their lipid composition, which might reveal candidate theranostic molecules. Here, we used desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) to image and chemically characterize the lipid composition of oncocytic thyroid tumors, as compared with nononcocytic thyroid tumors and normal thyroid samples. We identified a novel molecular signature of oncocytic tumors characterized by an abnormally high abundance and chemical diversity of cardiolipins (CL), including many oxidized species. DESI-MS imaging and IHC experiments confirmed that the spatial distribution of CLs overlapped with regions of accumulation of mitochondria-rich oncocytic cells. Fluorescent imaging and mitochondrial isolation showed that both mitochondrial accumulation and alteration in CL composition of mitochondria occurred in oncocytic tumors cells, thus contributing the aberrant molecular signatures detected. A total of 219 molecular ions, including CLs, other glycerophospholipids, fatty acids, and metabolites, were found at increased or decreased abundance in oncocytic, nononcocytic, or normal thyroid tissues. Our findings suggest new candidate targets for clinical and therapeutic use against oncocytic tumors. Cancer Res; 76(22); 6588–97. ©2016 AACR.
Increased Expression of System xc− in Glioblastoma Confers an Altered Metabolic State and Temozolomide Resistance
Authors: Polewski Monika D. , Reveron-Thornton Rosyli F. , Cherryholmes Gregory A. , Marinov Georgi K. , Cassady Kaniel , Aboody Karen S. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is the most aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Several studies have shown that glioma cells upregulate the expression of xCT (SLC7A11), the catalytic subunit of system xc−, a transporter involved in cystine import, that modulates glutathione production and glioma growth. However, the role of system xc− in regulating the sensitivity of glioma cells to chemotherapy is currently debated. Inhibiting system xc− with sulfasalazine decreased glioma growth and survival via redox modulation, and use of the chemotherapeutic agent temozolomide together with sulfasalazine had a synergistic effect on cell killing. To better understand the functional consequences of system xc− in glioma, stable SLC7A11-knockdown and -overexpressing U251 glioma cells were generated. Modulation of SLC7A11 did not alter cellar proliferation but overexpression did increase anchorage-independent cell growth. Knockdown of SLC7A11 increased basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased glutathione generation resulting in increased cell death under oxidative and genotoxic stress. Overexpression of SLC7A11 resulted in increased resistance to oxidative stress and decreased chemosensitivity to temozolomide. In addition, SLC7A11 overexpression was associated with altered cellular metabolism including increased mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and ATP generation. These results suggest that expression of SLC7A11 in the context of glioma contributes to tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and resistance to standard chemotherapy.
Implications: SLC7A11, in addition to redox modulation, appears to be associated with increased cellular metabolism and is a mediator of temozolomide resistance in human glioma, thus making system xC− a potential therapeutic target in glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Cancer Res; 14(12); 1229–42. ©2016 AACR.
MicroRNA Signatures of Colonic Polyps on Screening and Histology
Authors: Tsikitis Vassiliki L. , Potter Amiee , Mori Motomi , Buckmeier Julie A. , Preece Christina R. , Harrington Christina A. , Bartley Angela N. , Bhattacharyya Achyut K. , Hamilton Stanley R. , Lance M. Peter , Thompson Patricia A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractColorectal cancer and adenoma adjacent to cancer exhibit distinct microRNA (miRNA) alterations in an apparent mucosa-to-adenocarcinoma sequence. The pattern of microRNAs in screen-detected polyps in relation to histologic features and cancer risk has not been investigated. miRNA expression analysis was performed on normal mucosa (NM), hyperplastic polyps (HP), tubular adenomas (TA), tubulovillous adenomas or high-grade dysplasia (TVHG), and serrated polyps [sessile serrated adenoma/polyps (SSA/P) and traditional serrated adenomas (TSA)] in biopsy specimens from 109 patients undergoing screening/surveillance colonoscopy. Generalized linear models were used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs by histologic type and logistic regression to identify miRNA predictors of histopathology. False discovery rate (FDR) was used to control for multiple comparisons. We identified 99 miRNAs differing in at least one of five histopathologic groups (FDR ≤0.05). In a comparison of HPNM versus TVHG, the top most upregulated and downregulated miRNAs in HPNM included miR-145, -143, -107, -194, and -26a (upregulated), and miR-663, -1268, -320b, -1275, and -320b (downregulated; FDR P &lt; 0.05). miR-145 and -619 showed high accuracy to discriminate low- from high-risk polyps without serrated histology (TVHG vs. HPNM + TA; CI, 95.6%), whereas miR-124, -143, and -30a showed high accuracy of separating high-risk polyps (TVHG + TSA) from low-risk polyps (HPNM + TA + SSA/P; CI, 96.0%). For TSAs, miR-125b and -199a were uniquely downregulated relative to HPNMs, and miR-335, -222, and -214 discriminated between non-serrated and serrated histology. Our data support the presence of colorectal cancer–associated miRNA alterations in screen-detected adenomas that may be useful for risk stratification for surveillance interval planning. Cancer Prev Res; 9(12); 942–9. ©2016 AACR.
Two new species of brackish-water Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes, Macrostomida) from southern China
Authors: FANG CHU-YU , WANG LEI , ZHANG YU , WANG AN-TAI 
Published: September 2016

Two new species of brackish-water Macrostomum (M. zhujiangensis n. sp. and M. baoanensis n. sp.) were described based on samples collected from the littoral zone of the Zhujiang Estuary. These are the first records of brackish-water Macrostomum from southern China. Macrostomum zhujiangensis n. sp. and M. baoanensis n. sp. differ from other similar species in the length and morphology of the penis stylet. The penis stylet of M. zhujiangensis n. sp. is C-shaped and its distal opening has a beveled edge. The penis stylet of M. baoanensis n. sp. is J-shaped and the distal region is thicker than other parts of the penis stylet. Molecular phylogenetic analysis supports the establishment of the new species.
Diagnosis of Calagasma Bergroth and Epipedus Spinola with description of Calagasma eclipsa sp. nov. and Epipedus rolstoni sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae: Pentatominae: Carpocorini)
Authors: LUPOLI ROLAND 
Published: September 2016

The genus Calagasma Bergroth synonymized with the genus Epipedus Spinola by Rolston (1987) is reinstated. The diagnostic characters of the genus Calagasma are redefined, pictures of the Calagasma margarita syntype and recently collected specimens from French Guiana, including males hitherto unknown are presented. Calagasma eclipsa, a new species from French Guiana is described. Epipedus is redescribed and a new species Epipedus rolstoni is described.
The Simulated Response of Diurnal Mountain Winds to Regionally Enhanced Warming Caused by the Snow Albedo Feedback
Authors: Letcher Theodore W. , Minder Justin R. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The snow albedo feedback (SAF) is an important climate feature of mountain regions with transient snow cover. In these regions, where patterns of snow cover are largely determined by the underlying terrain, the SAF is highly variable in space and time. Under climate warming, these variations may affect the development of diurnal mountain winds either by altering the thermal contrast between high and low elevations or by increasing boundary layer mixing. In this study, high-resolution regional climate modeling experiments are used to investigate and characterize how the SAF modulates changes in diurnal wind systems in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado and Utah during the spring when SAF strength is at a maximum. Two separate 7-yr pseudo–global warming climate change experiments with differing model configurations are examined. An evaluation of the control simulations against a mesoscale network of observations reveals that the models perform reasonably well at simulating diurnal mountain winds within this region. In the experiment with a strong SAF, there is a clear increase in the strength of daytime upslope flow under climate warming, which leads to increased convergence and cloudiness near the snow margin. Additionally, there is a decrease in the strength of nighttime downslope flows. In the simulation with a weaker SAF, the results are generally similar but less pronounced. In both experiments, an altered thermal contrast, rather than increased boundary layer mixing, appears to be the primary mechanism driving changes in diurnal mountain wind systems in this region.
A Microphysical Analysis of Elevated Convection in the Comma Head Region of Continental Winter Cyclones
Authors: Murphy Amanda M. , Rauber Robert M. , McFarquhar Greg M. , Finlon Joseph A. , Plummer David M. , Rosenow Andrew A. , Jewett Brian F. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
An analysis of the microphysical structure of elevated convection within the comma head region of two winter cyclones over the midwestern United States is presented using data from the Wyoming Cloud Radar (WCR) and microphysical probes on the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft during the Profiling of Winter Storms campaign. The aircraft penetrated 36 elevated convective cells at various temperatures T and distances below cloud top zd. The statistical properties of ice water content (IWC), liquid water content (LWC), ice particle concentration with diameter &gt; 500 μm N&gt;500, and median mass diameter Dmm, as well as particle habits within these cells were determined as functions of zd and T for active updrafts and residual stratiform regions originating from convective towers that ascended through unsaturated air. Insufficient data were available for analysis within downdrafts.
For updrafts stratified by zd, distributions of IWC, N&gt;500, and Dmm for all zd between 1000 and 4000 m proved to be statistically indistinct. These results imply that turbulence and mixing within the updrafts effectively distributed particles throughout their depths. A decrease in IWC and N&gt;500 in the layer closest to cloud top was likely related to cloud-top entrainment.
Within residual stratiform regions, decreases in IWC and N&gt;500 and increases in Dmm were observed with depth below cloud top. These trends are consistent with particles falling and aggregating while entrainment and subsequent sublimation was occurring.