bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rational Design of a Water‐Storable Hierarchical Architecture Decorated with Amorphous Barium Oxide and Nickel Nanoparticles as a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode with Excellent Sulfur Tolerance
Authors: Song Yufei , Wang Wei , Ge Lei , Xu Xiaomin , Zhang Zhenbao , Julião Paulo Sérgio Barros , Zhou Wei , Shao Zongping 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSolid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which can directly convert chemical energy stored in fuels into electric power, represent a useful technology for a more sustainable future. They are particularly attractive given that they can be easily integrated into the currently available fossil fuel infrastructure to realize an ideal clean energy system. However, the widespread use of the SOFC technology is hindered by sulfur poisoning at the anode caused by the sulfur impurities in fossil fuels. Therefore, improving the sulfur tolerance of the anode is critical for developing SOFCs for use with fossil fuels. Herein, a novel, highly active, sulfur‐tolerant anode for intermediate‐temperature SOFCs is prepared via a facile impregnation and limited reaction protocol. During synthesis, Ni nanoparticles, water‐storable BaZr0.4Ce0.4Y0.2O3−δ (BZCY) perovskite, and amorphous BaO are formed in situ and deposited on the surface of a Sm0.2Ce0.8O1.9 (SDC) scaffold. More specifically, a porous SDC scaffold is impregnated with a well‐designed proton‐conducting perovskite oxide liquid precursor with the nominal composition of Ba(Zr0.4Ce0.4Y0.2)0.8Ni0.2O3−δ (BZCYN), calcined and reduced in hydrogen. The as‐synthesized hierarchical architecture exhibits high H2 electro‐oxidation activity, excellent operational stability, superior sulfur tolerance, and good thermal cyclability. This work demonstrates the potential of combining nanocatalysts and water‐storable materials in advanced electrocatalysts for SOFCs.
UV‐Sensing Semitransparent Organic Field‐Effect Transistors with Wide Bandgap Small Molecular Channel and Polymeric Gate‐Insulating Layers
Authors: Lee Chulyeon , Lee Sooyong , Kim Hwajeong , Kim Youngkyoo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study demonstrates UV‐sensing semitransparent organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) with wide bandgap small molecular channel and polymeric gate‐insulating layers. N,N′‐di(1‐naphthyl)‐N,N′‐diphenyl‐(1,1′‐biphenyl)‐4,4′‐diamine (NPB) is employed as the wide bandgap channel layer, while poly(methyl methacrylate) is introduced as the wide bandgap gate‐insulating layer. The performance of OFETs is optimized by NPB thickness control and thermal treatment. Results show that the best device performance (on/off ratio = 4.7 × 106 and hole mobility = 4.2 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1) is achieved by thermal treatment of the 130 nm thick NPB layers at 70 °C for 30 min leading to a noticeably changed surface morphology in the NPB layers. The optimized OFETs exhibit excellent operation stability without hysteresis, while those with semitransparent silver electrodes deliver quite a good transparency. The semitransparent OFETs can sensitively detect a UV light with high stability even though no photoresponse is measured under a visible light.
Improved Performance in n‐Type Organic Field‐Effect Transistors via Polyelectrolyte‐Mediated Interfacial Doping
Authors: Park Yu Jung , Cha Myoung Joo , Yoon Yung Jin , Cho Shinuk , Kim Jin Young , Seo Jung Hwa , Walker Bright 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo enhance electron injection in n‐type organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), nonconjugated polyelectrolyte (NPE) layers are interposed between a [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) layer and Au electrodes. A series of NPEs based on an ethoxylated polyethylenimine backbone with various counterions, including Cl−, Br−, and I−, improve electron mobilities up to ≈10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 and yield on–off ratios (Ion/Ioff) of 105 in PCBM OFETs. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy reveals that all of the NPEs lead to reduced electron injection barriers (φe) at the NPE/metal interface; this reduction in φe is consistent with dipole formation or n‐type doping at the electrode interface. Absorption measurements of PCBM films treated with NPEs are consistent with n‐doping of the PCBM. Regardless of the type of anion, thick NPE layers lead to high conductivity in the films independent of gate bias, whereas thin NPE layers lead to dramatically improved electron injection and performance. These results demonstrate that thin polyelectrolyte layers can be used to achieve controlled interfacial doping in organic semiconductors. Furthermore, this study provides valuable information about the function of NPEs, which may be exploited to improve device performance and to design new materials for future use in optoelectronic devices.
Near‐Infrared, Heavy Metal‐Free Colloidal “Giant” Core/Shell Quantum Dots
Authors: Tong Xin , Kong Xiang‐Tian , Zhou Yufeng , Navarro‐Pardo Fabiola , Selopal Gurpreet Singh , Sun Shuhui , Govorov Alexander O. , Zhao Haiguang , Wang Zhiming M. , Rosei Federico 
Published: September 2017

Abstract“Giant” core/shell quantum dots (g‐QDs) are a promising class of materials for future optoelectronic technologies due to their superior chemical‐ and photostability compared to bare QDs and core/thin shell QDs. However, inadequate light absorption in the visible and near‐infrared (NIR) region and frequent use of toxic heavy metals (e.g., Cd and Pb) are still major challenges for most g‐QDs (e.g., CdSe/CdS) synthesized to date. The synthesis of NIR, heavy metal‐free, Zn‐treated spherical CuInSe2/CuInS2 g‐QDs is reported using the sequential cation exchange method. These g‐QDs exhibit tunable NIR optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) properties. Transient fluorescence spectroscopy shows prolonged lifetime with increasing shell thickness, indicating the formation of quasi type‐II band alignment, which is further confirmed by simulations. As a proof‐of‐concept, as‐synthesized g‐QDs are used to sensitize TiO2 as a photoanode in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell, demonstrating an efficient and stable PEC system. These results pave the way toward synthesizing NIR heavy metal‐free g‐QDs, which are very promising components of future optoelectronic technologies.
An Omnidirectionally Stretchable Piezoelectric Nanogenerator Based on Hybrid Nanofibers and Carbon Electrodes for Multimodal Straining and Human Kinematics Energy Harvesting
Authors: Siddiqui Saqib , Lee Han Byeol , Kim Do‐Il , Duy Le Thai , Hanif Adeela , Lee Nae‐Eung 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStretchable piezoelectric nanogenerators (SPENGs) for human kinematics energy harvesting have limited use due to the low stretchability or mechanical robustness and the difficulty of structural design for omnidirectional stretchability. This study reports an efficient, omnidirectionally stretchable, and robust SPENG based on a stretchable graphite electrode on a 3D micropatterned stretchable substrate and a stacked mat of piezoelectric nanofibers. The stacked mat of free‐standing nanofibers is alternatively composed of nanocomposite nanofibers of barium titanate nanoparticles embedded in polyurethane and poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) nanofibers. The nanofiber SPENG (nf‐SPENG) exhibits a high stretchability of 40% and high mechanical durability up to 9000 stretching cycles at 30% strain, which are attributed to the stress‐relieving nature of the 3D micropattern on the substrate and the free‐standing stacked hybrid nanofibers. The nf‐SPENG produces a peak open circuit voltage (Voc) and short circuit current (Isc) of 9.3 V and 189 nA, respectively. The nf‐SPENG is demonstrated to harvest the energy from human kinematics while walking when placed over the knee cap of a subject, generating a maximum Voc of 10.1 V. The omnidirectional stretchability, efficiency, facile fabrication process, mechanical durability, environmentally friendly lead‐free components, and response to multimodal straining make this device suitable for self‐powered wearable sensing systems.
Doped Copper Phthalocyanine via an Aqueous Solution Process for Normal and Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Jin‐Miao , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Li Meng , Zhang Cong‐Cong , Jiang Lu‐Lu , Hu Ke‐Hao , Ye Qing‐Qing , Liao Liang‐Sheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGreat efforts toward developing novel and efficient hole‐transporting materials are needed to further improve the device efficiency and enhance the cell stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The poor film conductivity and the low carrier mobility of organic small‐molecule‐based hole‐transporting materials restrict their application in PSCs. This study develops an efficient and stable hole‐transporting material, tetrafluorotetracyanoquinodimethane (F4‐TCNQ)‐doped copper phthalocyanine‐3,4′,4′′,4′′′‐tetra‐sulfonated acid tetra sodium salt (TS‐CuPc) via a solution process, in planar structure PSCs. The p‐type‐doped TS‐CuPc film demonstrates improved film conductivity and hole mobility owing to the strong electron affinity of F4‐TCNQ. By the F4‐TCNQ tailoring, the composite film gives the highest occupied molecular orbital level as high as 5.3 eV, which is beneficial for hole extraction. In addition, the aqueous solution processed TS‐CuPc:F4‐TCNQ precursor is almost neutral with good stability for avoiding the electrode erosion. As a result, the fabricated PSCs employing TS‐CuPc:F4‐TCNQ as the hole‐transporting material exhibit a power conversion efficiency of 16.14% in a p–i–n structure and 20.16% in an n–i–p structure, respectively. The developed organic small molecule of TS‐CuPc provides the diversification of hole‐transporting materials in planar PSCs.
Polymer Doping for High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Moisture Stability
Authors: Jiang Jiexuan , Wang Qian , Jin Zhiwen , Zhang Xisheng , Lei Jie , Bin Haijun , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Li Yongfang , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEach component layer in a perovskite solar cell plays an important role in the cell performance. Here, a few types of polymers including representative p‐type and n‐type semiconductors, and a classical insulator, are chosen to dope into a perovskite film. The long‐chain polymer helps to form a network among the perovskite crystalline grains, as witnessed by the improved film morphology and device stability. The dewetting process is greatly suppressed by the cross‐linking effect of the polymer chains, thereby resulting in uniform perovskite films with large grain sizes. Moreover, it is found that the polymer‐doped perovskite shows a reduced trap‐state density, likely due to the polymer effectively passivating the perovskite grain surface. Meanwhile the doped polymer formed a bridge between grains for efficient charge transport. Using this approach, the solar cell efficiency is improved from 17.43% to as high as 19.19%, with a much improved stability. As it is not required for the polymer to have a strict energy level matching with the perovskite, in principle, one may use a variety of polymers for this type of device design.
Ru(bpy)3Cl2 as a Photocatalyst for Visible‐Light‐Induced Fluoroalkylation of Anilines with BrCF2CF2Br: A Facile Route to 2‐Bromo‐1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl Arenes
Authors: Kong Jingjing , Jiang Jianfang , Huang Yang , Lou Yue‐Guang , Li Xiao‐Fei , He Chun‐Yang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA convenient method for the preparation of 2‐bromo‐1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethyl arenes, using commercially available anilines and BrCF2CF2Br as starting materials was developed. The reaction proceeded in high efficiency under the irradiation of blue LEDs, and enables the installation of amino and fluoroalkyl moieties. Moreover, the product can be easily transformed to many other 1,1,2,2‐tetrafluoroethylated reagents, thus demonstrating its high potential use for further modifications.
Development of the Japanese version of the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU
Authors: Matsuishi Yujiro , Hoshino Haruhiko , Shimojo Nobutake , Enomoto Yuki , Kido Takahiro , Jesmin Subrina , Sumitani Masahiko , Inoue Yoshiaki 
Published: September 2017

AimDelirium is associated with various negative clinical outcomes, such as decline in cognitive ability, increased length of hospital stay, and higher mortality. For these reasons, early diagnosis of delirium is critical. Unfortunately, there are no reliable diagnostic criteria or tool of delirium for infants and preschool‐aged children in Japan.The aim of the present study was to translate a new delirium assessment tool, the Preschool Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (psCAM‐ICU), for accurately diagnosing clinically ill infants and preschool‐aged children, from English to Japanese.MethodsThe translation was undertaken with the internationally established back‐translation method. The translation was repeated blindly and independently by eight medical researchers and clinicians from multiple disciplines. Any discrepancy evident from the translated works was discussed and resolved.ResultsWe report the successful development of the Japanese version of psCAM‐ICU. However, before its full application, this diagnostic tool requires further testing and study, most notably for its validation and reliability.ConclusionA Japanese version of the psCAM‐ICU was developed.
A Space‐Charge Treatment of the Increased Concentration of Reactive Species at the Surface of a Ceria Solid Solution
Authors: Zurhelle Alexander F. , Tong Xiaorui , Klein Andreas , Mebane David S. , De Souza Roger A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA space‐charge theory applicable to concentrated solid solutions (Poisson–Cahn theory) was applied to describe quantitatively as a function of temperature and oxygen partial pressure published data obtained by in situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for the concentration of Ce3+ (the reactive species) at the surface of the oxide catalyst Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9. In contrast to previous theoretical treatments, these calculations clearly indicate that the surface is positively charged and compensated by an attendant negative space‐charge zone. The high space‐charge potential that develops at the surface (>0.8 V) is demonstrated to be hardly detectable by XPS measurements because of the short extent of the space‐charge layer. This approach emphasizes the need to take into account defect interactions and to allow deviations from local charge neutrality when considering the surfaces of oxide catalysts.
Borane‐Stabilized Isomeric Dimers of the Phosphaethynolate Anion
Authors: Szkop Kevin M. , Jupp Andrew R. , Suter Riccardo , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Stephan Douglas W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe reactions of the phosphaethynolate anion ([PCO]−) with a range of boranes were explored. BPh3 and [PCO]− form a dimeric anion featuring P−B bonds and is prone to dissociation at room temperature. The more Lewis acidic borane B(C6F5)3 yields a less symmetric dimer of [PCO]− with P−B and P−O bonds. Less sterically demanding HB(C6F5)2 and H2B(C6F5) boranes form a third isomer with [PCO]− featuring both boranes bound to the same phosphorus atom. Despite the unexpected thermodynamic preference for P‐coordination, computational data illustrate that electronic and steric features impact the binding modes of the resulting dianionic dimers.
Chemomechanical, morphological, and rheological studies of chitosan‐graft‐lactic acid oligomer reinforced poly(lactic acid) bionanocomposite films
Authors: Pal Akhilesh Kumar , Bhattacharjee Sayan Kumar , Gaur Surendra Singh , Pal Ajinkya , Katiyar Vimal 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTVarious compositions of nontoxic biodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/chitosan‐graft‐lactic acid oligomer (CH‐g‐OLLA) bionanocomposite films were fabricated with a solution casting technique by the dispersal of CH‐g‐OLLA copolymer at different amounts (1, 3, and 5 wt %) into the PLA matrix. The filler (CH‐g‐OLLA) was synthesized by an in situ condensation polymerization reaction in a microwave, and the grafting of lactic acid oligomer chains at the C2 position of the chitosan backbone was confirmed by the presence of new peaks at 179.08 and 174.41 ppm in 13C‐NMR analysis. The transparency results show the synergic effect of CH‐g‐OLLA in the form of reduced transparency and excellent blocking capability of UV light. Dynamic mechanical analysis confirmed a reduction in the glass‐transition temperature (up to ∼13 °C) with increasing filler concentration; this signified the improvement in the elongation of bionanocomposite films. The rheological studies showed the viscous behavior of the PLA and PLA–CH‐g‐OLLA bionanocomposite films as the storage modulus values were found to be lower than the loss modulus values over the entire range of angular frequency at 180 °C. Furthermore, a Cole–Cole plot and Han plot described the uniform dispersion of the filler in the PLA matrix, its agglomeration at higher loading, and the structural change between the PLA and PLA–CH‐g‐OLLA bionanocomposite films. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45546.
Inhibition of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Decreases Regenerative Angiogenesis in Axolotls
Authors: Ritenour Angela M. , Dickie Renee 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTAngiogenesis is crucial for tissue growth and repair in mammals, and is chiefly regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. We evaluated the effect of chemical inhibition of VEGF receptor signaling in animals with superior regenerative ability, axolotl salamanders, to determine the impact on vascularization and regenerative outgrowth. Following tail amputation, treated animals (100 nM PTK787) and controls were examined microscopically and measured over the month‐long period of regeneration. Treatment with VEGFR inhibitor decreased regenerative angiogenesis; drug‐treated animals had lower vascular densities in the regenerating tail than untreated animals. This decrease in neovascularization, however, was not associated with a decrease in regenerative outgrowth or with morphological abnormalities in the regrown tail. Avascular but otherwise anatomically normal regenerative outgrowth over 1 mm beyond the amputation plane was observed. The results suggest that in this highly regenerative species, significant early tissue regeneration is possible in the absence of a well‐developed vasculature. This research sets the groundwork for establishing a system for the chemical manipulation of angiogenesis within the highly regenerative axolotl model, contributing to a better understanding of the role of the microvasculature within strongly proliferative yet well‐regulated environments. Anat Rec, 300:2273–2280, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural insight into the XTACC3/XMAP215 interaction from CD and NMR studies on model peptides
Authors: Partida‐Hanon Angélica , Treviño Miguel A. , Mompeán Miguel , Jiménez Ma Ángeles , Bruix Marta 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTACC3 is a centrosomal adaptor protein that plays important roles during mitotic spindle assembly. It interacts with chTOG/XMAP215, which catalyzes the addition of tubulin dimers during microtubule growth. A 3D coiled‐coil model for this interaction is available but the structural details are not well described. To characterize this interaction at atomic resolution, we have designed a simplified version of the system based on small peptides. Four different peptides have been studied by circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance both singly and in all possible combinations; namely, five peptide pairs and two trios. In cosolvents, all single peptides tend to adopt helical conformations resembling those of the full‐length protein. However, neither the single peptides nor pairs of peptides form coiled coils. We show that the simultaneous presence of all preformed helices is a prerequisite for binding. The simplest 3D model for the interaction, based on the NMR results, is proposed. Interestingly, the peptide's structure remains unaffected by mutations at essential positions for TACC3 activity. This suggests that the lack of interaction of this TACC3 mutant with XMAP does not correlate with changes in the protein structure and that specific interactions are likely responsible for the interaction and stability of the complex.
Imaging stem cell distribution, growth, migration, and differentiation in 3‐D scaffolds for bone tissue engineering using mesoscopic fluorescence tomography
Authors: Tang Qinggong , Piard Charlotte , Lin Jonathan , Nan Kai , Guo Ting , Caccamese John , Fisher John , Chen Yu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRegenerative medicine has emerged as an important discipline that aims to repair injury or replace damaged tissues or organs by introducing living cells or functioning tissues. Successful regenerative medicine strategies will likely depend upon a simultaneous optimization strategy for the design of biomaterials, cell‐seeding methods, cell‐biomaterial interactions, and molecular signaling within the engineered tissues. It remains a challenge to image three‐dimensional (3‐D) structures and functions of the cell‐seeded scaffold in mesoscopic scale (>2 ∼ 3 mm). In this study, we utilized angled fluorescence laminar optical tomography (aFLOT), which allows depth‐resolved molecular characterization of engineered tissues in 3‐D to investigate cell viability, migration, and bone mineralization within bone tissue engineering scaffolds in situ.
Exploring cellular behavior under transient gene expression and its impact on mAb productivity and Fc‐glycosylation
Authors: Sou Si N. , Lee Ken , Nayyar Kalpana , Polizzi Karen M. , Sellick Christopher , Kontoravdi Cleo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTransient gene expression (TGE) is a methodology employed in bioprocessing for the fast provision of recombinant protein material. Mild hypothermia is often introduced to overcome the low yield typically achieved with TGE and improve specific protein productivity. It is therefore of interest to examine the impact of mild hypothermic temperatures on both the yield and quality of transiently expressed proteins and the relationship to changes in cellular processes and metabolism. In this study, we focus on the ability of a Chinese hamster ovary cell line to galactosylate a recombinant monoclonal antibody (mAb) product. Through experimentation and flux balance analysis, our results show that TGE in mild hypothermic conditions led to a 76% increase in qP compared to TGE at 36.5°C in our system. This increase is accompanied by increased consumption of nutrients and amino acids, together with increased production of intracellular nucleotide sugar species, and higher rates of mAb galactosylation, despite a reduced rate of cell growth. The reduction in biomass accumulation allowed cells to redistribute their energy and resources toward mAb synthesis and Fc‐glycosylation. Interestingly, the higher capacity of cells to galactosylate the recombinant product in TGE at 32°C appears not to have been assisted by the upregulation of galactosyltransferases (GalTs), but by the increased expression of N‐acetylglucosaminyltransferase II (GnTII) in this cell line, which facilitated the production of bi‐antennary glycan structures for further processing.
Capturing CO2 by Using a Microalgae Culture Recycle Solution
Authors: Chen Pao-Chi , Chou Po-Han , Lin Sheng-Zhong , Chen Hsiao-Wei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe capture of CO2 by means of a microalgae culture solution was explored in a continuous bubble‐column scrubber under a constant pH environment. Optimum conditions for a pilot‐scale study were evaluated. With the Taguchi method, a total of sixteen runs were required. Absorption rate, absorption efficiency, overall mass transfer coefficient, and gas‐liquid flow rate ratio were determined by a material balance model and a two‐film model under steady‐state conditions. From the signal‐to‐noise ratio, the sequence of parameters could be stated. Uncontrolled experiments were also performed and empirical equations were discussed.