bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and risk factors of curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections and malaria co-infection among pregnant women at antenatal care booking in Kenya, Malawi and Tanzania: a cross-sectional study of randomised controlled trial data
Authors: Gore-Langton Georgia R , Madanitsa Mwayiwawo , Barsosio Hellen C , Minja Daniel T R , Mosha Jacklin , Kavishe Reginald A , Mtove George , Gesase Samwel , Msemo Omari A , Kariuki Simon , Otieno Kephas , Phiri Kamija S , Lusingu John P A , Mukerebe Crispin , Manjurano Alphaxard , Ikigo Pius , Saidi Queen , Onyango Eric D , Schmiegelow Christentze , Dodd James , Hill Jenny , Hansson Helle , Alifrangis Michael , Gutman Julie , Hunter Patricia Jean , Klein Nigel , Ashorn Ulla , Khalil Asma , Cairns Matt , ter Kuile Feiko O , Chico R Matthew 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesMalaria and curable sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections (STIs/RTIs) are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study reports the prevalence and risk factors of curable STIs/RTIs, STI/RTI co-infection and STI/RTI and malaria co-infection among HIV-negative pregnant women at their first antenatal care visit in Kenya, Malawi and Tanzania.MethodsHIV-negative pregnant women of all gravidae (n=4680) were screened for syphilis with point-of-care tests and treated if positive. Separately, women provided blood samples (n=4569) for rapid plasma reagin (RPR) testing; positive cases were confirmation byTreponema pallidumparticle agglutination (TPPA). Women also provided dried blood spots for batch testing of malaria by retrospective polymerase chain reaction (PCR (n=4226) methods. A randomly selected subgroup of women provided vaginal swabs for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis testing by retrospective PCR batch testing (n=1431), and bacterial vaginosis diagnosis by Nugent scoring (n=1402).ResultsMalaria prevalence was 14.6% (95% CI 13.6 to 15.7), 45.9% (43.4 to 48.4) of women were positive for at least one curable STI/RTI and 6.7% (5.5 to 8.1) were co-infected with malaria and a curable STI/RTI. Prevalence of individual STIs/RTIs ranged from 28.5% (26.2 to 30.9) for bacterial vaginosis to 14.5% (12.7 to 16.4) for trichomoniasis, 13.8% (12.1 to 15.7) for chlamydia, 2.7% (1.9 to 3.6) for gonorrhoea and 1.7% (1.4 to 2.2) for RPR/TPPA-confirmed syphilis. The prevalence of STI/RTI co-infection was 10.1% (8.7 to 11.8). Paucigravidae, at highest risk of malaria, were also at greater risk of having chlamydia, gonorrhoea and bacterial vaginosis than multigravidae.ConclusionsOf women infected with malaria, 49.0% also had a curable STI/RTI and one in five women with at least one STI/RTI were co-infected with more than one STI/RTI. Current antenatal interventions that address malaria and curable STIs/RTIs remain suboptimal. New approaches to preventing and managing these infections in pregnancy are urgently needed.Trial registration numberNCT03208179.
Sex-specific alterations in pulmonary metabolic, xenobiotic and lipid signalling pathways after e-cigarette aerosol exposure during adolescence in mice
Authors: Paoli Sofia , Eidelman David H , Mann Koren K , Baglole Carolyn 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundE-cigarette use is now prevalent among adolescents and young adults, raising concerns over potential adverse long-term health effects. Although it is hypothesised that e-cigarettes promote inflammation, studies have yielded conflicting evidence. Our previous work showed that JUUL, a popular e-cigarette brand, elicited minimal lung inflammation but induced significant molecular changes in adult C57BL/6 mice.MethodsNow, we have profiled immunological and proteomic changes in the lungs of adolescent male and female BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice exposed to a flavoured JUUL aerosol containing 18 mg/mL of nicotine for 14 consecutive days. We evaluated changes in the immune composition by flow cytometry, gene expression levels by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and assessed the proteomic profile of the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) by tandem mass tag-labelled mass spectroscopy.ResultsWhile there were few significant changes in the immune composition of the lungs, proteomic analysis revealed that JUUL exposure caused significant sex-dependent and strain-dependent differences in lung and BAL proteins that are implicated in metabolic pathways, including those related to lipids and atherosclerosis, as well as pathways related to immune function and response to xenobiotics. Notably, these changes were more pronounced in male mice.ConclusionsThese findings raise the possibility that vaping dysregulates numerous biological responses in lungs that may affect disease risk, disproportionally impacting males and raising significant concerns for the future health of male youth who currently vape.
Timing of oral anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation patients after acute ischaemic stroke and outcome after 3 months: results of the multicentre Berlin Atrial Fibrillation Registry
Authors: Olma Manuel C , Tütüncü Serdar , Hansen Katrin , Grittner Ulrike , Kunze Claudia , Dietzel Joanna , Schurig Johannes , Dimitrijeski Boris , Hagemann Georg , Hamilton Frank , Honermann Martin , Jungehuelsing Gerhard Jan , Kauert Andreas , Koennecke Hans-Christian , Mackert Bruno-Marcel , Nabavi Darius G , Schmehl Ingo , Sparenberg Paul , Stingele Robert , Voelzke Enrico , Waldschmidt Carolin , Zeise-Wehry Daniel , Heuschmann Peter U , Endres Matthias , Haeusler Karl Georg 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundOral anticoagulation (OAC) is key in stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) but there is uncertainty regarding the optimal timing of OAC (re)initiation after stroke, as recent large randomised controlled trials have methodological weaknesses and excluded stroke patients on therapeutic anticoagulation at stroke onset as well as patients started on a vitamin K antagonist after stroke. The ‘1–3–6–12 days rule’, based on expert consensus and referring to stroke severity, was used in clinical practice to initiate OAC after acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) since publication in 2013.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed whether compliance to the ‘1–3–6–12 days rule’ was associated with the composite endpoint (recurrent stroke, systemic embolism, myocardial infarction, major bleeding or all-cause death).ResultsAmong 708 registry patients with known AF before stroke and hospitalisation within 72 hours after stroke, 432 were anticoagulated at stroke onset. OAC was started according to the ‘1–3–6–12 days rule’ in 255 (39.2%) patients. Non-adherence to the ‘1–3–6–12 days rule’ was not associated with the composite endpoint within 3 months in 661 patients who (re-)started on OAC (log-rank test: p=0.74).Results were similar for 521 patients (re)started on a non-vitamin K-dependent OAC.Conclusion(Re)starting OAC after stroke followed the ‘1–3–6–12 days rule’ in about 40% of all patients with AF, and more often in those anticoagulated at stroke onset. Adherence to the ‘1–3–6–12 days rule’ did not reduce the composite clinical endpoint, if OAC was restarted within 3 months of stroke/TIA.Trial registration numberNCT02306824.
Appropriate use of wearable defibrillators with multiparametric evaluation to avoid unnecessary defibrillator implantation
Authors: Matteucci Andrea , Pignalberi Carlo , Di Fusco Stefania , Aiello Alessandro , Aquilani Stefano , Nardi Federico , Colivicchi Furio 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionWearable cardioverter-defibrillators (WCD) have emerged as a valuable tool in the management of patients at risk for life-threatening arrhythmias. These devices offer a non-invasive and temporary solution, providing continuous monitoring and the potential for prompt defibrillation when needed. In this study, we explore the use of WCD and evaluate arrhythmic events through comprehensive monitoring.MethodsFrom November 2022 to May 2024, we conducted an outpatient follow-up of 41 patients receiving WCD. Regular check-ups, remote monitoring and comprehensive echocardiography were performed to optimise a tailored therapy.ResultsThe average age of the patients was 59.2.4±16.5 years, with 78% being male. Among the cohort, 54% had hypertension, 41% were smokers and 66% had dyslipidaemia, while 27% were diabetic. WCD was assigned according to the Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists position paper focussing on the appropriate use of WCD and European Society of Cardiology guidelines on ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: 24 (58%) patients had a de novo diagnosis of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, 11 (27%) patients had a recent acute coronary syndrome and ejection fraction <35%, 3 (7%) patients had a cardiac electronic device extraction and 3 (7%) patients had myocarditis with features of electrical instability. The average follow-up was 62±38 days according to specific aetiology, with a daily wearing time of 22.7±1.3 hours. No device interventions were recorded. At the end of the follow-up period, 15 patients still required an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). Among these, 12 patients (29%) underwent ICD implantation. Two patients (5%) declined the procedure.ConclusionsThe use of WCD for patients at high risk of arrhythmias allowed to optimise therapy and limit the indications for ICD. Inappropriate implantation of ICD was avoided in 69% of patients who received WCD. The device showed a good safety profile, low incidence of device interventions and adequate patients’ adherence to WCD use.
Recovery rate from conduction disorders in patients with permanent pacemaker implantation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation
Authors: Yamamoto Maria , Hiraoka Arudo , Yoshida Toshinobu , Kishimoto Satoru , Chikazawa Genta , Yoshitaka Hidenori 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundsPermanent pacemaker implantation (PPMI) is one of the greatest disadvantages of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). To seek the predictors and clinical impacts of PPMI and investigate the recovery rate from conduction disorders.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data from 745 consecutive patients who underwent TAVI for severe aortic stenosis from November 2013 to July 2022. The ventricular pacing (VP) rate was recorded at 1 and 6 months after PPMI and the recovery from conduction disorders was defined as the VP rate <1%.ResultsPostoperative PPMI was performed in 7.1% (53/745) of patients. Balloon predilatation was significantly frequent in the PPMI (−) group (52.8% (28/53) vs 80.6% (558/692); p<0.001) and the oversizing ratio was significantly greater in the PPMI (+) group (11.8%±10.1% vs 9.1%±9.7%; p=0.035). Freedom from rehospitalisation due to heart failure rate was significantly higher in the PPMI (−) group (p=0.032). In patients with postoperative PPMI, recovery from conduction disorders was observed in 17.0% and 27.9% of patients at 1 and 6 months, respectively.ConclusionsRecovery from conduction disorders occurred frequently. Avoidance of oversizing and extension of observation time may reduce the need for PPMI after TAVI.
Structure and function of fermentation-derived bovine lactoferrin produced from Komagataella phaffii
Authors: Skoog Emma C. , Castagna Vanessa Feher , Omer Shafraz , Madigan Julianna , Flagg Victoria , Burrick Kristen , Jiang Rulan , Du Xiaogu , Lönnerdal Bo , Schnitzler Aletta 
Published: September 2024

Bovine lactoferrin (bLf) confers significant functional benefits for human health, but low concentrations in milk and high cost of commercial production limit availability and thus product application. Precision fermentation offers a solution to increase availability of biosimilar recombinant bLf (rbLf) thereby opening new opportunities for this high-value ingredient. To comply with regulatory requirements, we aimed to establish that rbLf from Komagataella phaffii is substantially similar to native bLf in structure and key functions. Intact mass analysis showed a molecular weight of 84 kDa for rbLf, comparable to 82–83 kDa of bLf. LC-MS N-linked glycan profiling revealed predominantly high-mannose-based glycans on rbLf, similar to ∼50% of bLf glycans. The isoelectric point and core amino acid sequence of rbLf and bLf are identical. rbLf retains the functional ability to bind and release iron, bind to intestinal Lf receptors, increase epithelial cell growth (>120% of control, P < 0.0001), reduce enteropathogenic Escherichia coli growth (>50% reduction, P < 0.0001), bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (+4-fold, P < 0.001), and antagonize LPS-induced toll-like receptor 4 activity (>40% reduction, P < 0.0001). These results demonstrate similarity of rbLf in structure and function to native bLf, supporting the effective application for expanded market opportunities for infant and adult health.
Toxicological Evaluation of a Polyherbal Formulation (18KHT01) and Validation of UPLC‐DAD Method for Quality Control
Authors: Pandeya Prakash Raj , Lamichhane Ramakanta , Lamichhane Gopal , Lee Kyung-Hee , Jung Hyun-Ju 
Published: September 2024

Background: 18KHT01 is a novel synergistic composition of Quercus acutissima, Camellia sinensis, Geranium thunbergii, and a small portion of Citrus limon. Our previous report demonstrated that the 18KHT01 exhibits potent antiobesity effects, with synergistic antioxidant, antiadipogenic, and antiobesity activities in diet‐induced obese mice. This study explores the toxicity profile and quality control parameters of the 18KHT01 formulation.Methods: Broad‐spectrum acute and subacute oral toxicity studies were performed using male and female ICR mice. In order to simultaneous analysis of the 18KHT01 formulation, an ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (UPLC‐DAD) method was developed and validated using six marker compounds.Results: Acute oral toxicity evaluation of 18KHT01, administered at single high doses of 2, 2.5, 3, and 5 g/kg, identified 2 g/kg as the no‐observed adverse effect level (NOAEL). The LD50 (50% lethal dose) and LD100 (100% lethal dose) of 18KHT01 for male ICR mice were 3.99 and 7.77 g/kg, and those for the female mice were 2.94 and 4.70 g/kg, respectively. In addition, a 30‐day repeated dose oral subacute toxicity evaluation indicated that 18KHT01 is safe below 500 mg/kg/day for long‐term administration in ICR mice of either sex. UPLC‐DAD method validation revealed that each calibration curve for the marker compounds showed good linearity, as well as the validation parameters such as precision, specificity, and accuracy met the acceptance criteria.Conclusion: The present study evidenced the toxicological profile of 18KHT01 polyherbal formulation in mice as well as developed a simple, rapid, and accurate chromatographic method for quality control.
Aristotle and the Ends of Eros, or Aristotle’s Erotic Sublime?
Authors: Bianchi Emanuela 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
While Eros has a central philosophical function in the dialogues of Plato, it all but disappears as a philosophical term in the thought of Aristotle, and is replaced by the more rational and reciprocal relation of friendship, φιλία. This essay asks what becomes of Eros in Aristotle’s thinking, whether as deity, natural or cosmic force, or mode of human relation. Drawing on the ancient epithet of Eros, Ἔρως λυσιµελής, unbinder of limbs, Aristotle’s usages of both ἔρως and λύσις (loosening, unbinding), respectively are traced in their ambivalence for his fundamentally organismic philosophy, insofar as they disturb the organism’s ontological integrity. With the assistance of Kristeva’s notion of the abject, it is argued that while Aristotle’s overt stance is a polemic against eros, his principal metaphysical innovations – the recasting of ἀρχή as divine τέλος, and the separation of material and moving causes – are solutions (λύσεις) to aporias that may involve a traversal of the sublime that is also irreducibly corporeal and erotic.
The Ideal Beloved in the Poems of Kurdish Poets of Īlam
Authors: Omidi Ayoob , Miriasl Kulthum 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
One of the most important themes in lyrical literature is love with the beloved at the core of this topic. The physical beauty of the beloved has a great effect on the lover, leading to describing the beloved’s body as a common tradition in Romantic poetry. The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the characteristics of the beloved with a descriptive-analytical method, focusing on contemporary Kurdish poetry of Īlam. The results of my study show that the characteristics of the beloved can be categorized into seven items. The descriptions of the beloved in the poems by the poets of Īlam are both beautiful and diverse, totaling about seventy. The portrayal of the beloved is completely realistic; the poets describe her eyes, hair, lips and breasts, respectively. Particularly notable is the emphasis on the beloved’s big intoxicating eyes which captivate the minds of the Kurdish poets. It is interesting to note that in contrast to Persian poetry which favors dark eyes, Kurdish poetry praises blue eyes more. Other differences are the simple language used in Kurdish poetry with less attention to complex imagery as well as the pleasant and intimate relationship with the beloved in Kurdish poetry compared to Persian poetry which employs a much more complicated language and imagery. In many cases, the lover complains about being neglected by the beloved. Poets in Kurdish poems opt for simple imagery, drawing on elements from their surroundings such as flowers, vegetables, constellations and animals. This choice reflects their lifestyle which includes activities like agriculture, animal husbandry and hunting. Overall, the portrayal of the beloved in these poems reflects a deep appreciation for beauty and nature as well as a connection to traditional Kurdish culture and lifestyle.
Codicology and the Transformation of Islamic Law
Authors: Scheunchen Tobias 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In Islamic law, preponderance (tarjīḥ)—a practical method for mujtahids to resolve legal contradictions (taʿāruḍ) between proofs—has been known in the uṣūl tradition from at least the 10th-century jurist al-Jaṣṣāṣ (d. 370/981). Yet, it is in several 17th and 18th-century Arabic and Ottoman manuscripts of Princeton’s Garrett Collection that we encounter summary-like lists labelled “tarjīḥāt al-bayyināt” (“TB s”), which succinctly compile the complex rules of preponderance. Organized into three-columned lists, on loose leaves, as annotations in the margin or separate textual units, the TB s follow a grammatical and visual layout that made them predictable and recognizable for manuscript readers. This paper examines the TB s as a codicological phenomenon, arguing that they served as a shorthand for legal practitioners familiar with evidentiary law and that their presence suggests a broader transformative process of readers’/legal practitioners’ relationship with codices of positive law at this critical moment in the history of Islamic law.
The Impact of Cybersecurity Attacks on Human Trust in Autonomous Vehicle Operations
Authors: Lim Cherin , Prendez David , Boyle Linda Ng , Rajivan Prashanth 
Published: September 2024

Objective This study examines the extent to which cybersecurity attacks on autonomous vehicles (AVs) affect human trust dynamics and driver behavior. Background Human trust is critical for the adoption and continued use of AVs. A pressing concern in this context is the persistent threat of cyberattacks, which pose a formidable threat to the secure operations of AVs and consequently, human trust. Method A driving simulator experiment was conducted with 40 participants who were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) Experience and Feedback and (2) Experience-Only. All participants experienced three drives: Baseline, Attack, and Post-Attack Drive. The Attack Drive prevented participants from properly operating the vehicle in multiple incidences. Only the “Experience and Feedback” group received a security update in the Post-Attack drive, which was related to the mitigation of the vehicle’s vulnerability. Trust and foot positions were recorded for each drive. Results Findings suggest that attacks on AVs significantly degrade human trust, and remains degraded even after an error-less drive. Providing an update about the mitigation of the vulnerability did not significantly affect trust repair. Conclusion Trust toward AVs should be analyzed as an emergent and dynamic construct that requires autonomous systems capable of calibrating trust after malicious attacks through appropriate experience and interaction design. Application The results of this study can be applied when building driver and situation-adaptive AI systems within AVs.
Acetabular morphology variations in a Hispanic population
Authors: Torres-Lugo Norberto J , Mangual-Perez Danny , Deliz-Jimenez David , Lopez-Alonso Andrea , Guzman-Gutierrez Jose , Claudio-Marcano Alexandra , Colon-Negron Edgar , Davila-Parrilla Ariel 
Published: September 2024

Background Rotational abnormalities of the hip have been implicated in the etiology of diseases, such as hip dysplasia, osteoarthritis, and femoroacetabular impingement. Despite the extensive literature on hip morphology, there is a gap in knowledge regarding variations in the Hispanic population. Purpose To describe the bony anatomy variations of the acetabulum in a Hispanic population. Material and Methods This is a cross-sectional study. We studied 182 computed tomography (CT) images in patients aged older than 21 years, who had undergone pelvic CT for any condition, except hip fracture. Measurements of acetabular version, anterior and posterior acetabular sector angles (AASA/PASA) and horizontal acetabular sector angles (HASA) were made. Acetabular variations were then compared to weight and sex data. Results The mean acetabular anteversion was greater in women ( P < 0.001). Women exhibited a greater PASA ( P < 0.05); however, men had a greater AASA ( P < 0.05). Underweight individuals had a smaller PASA ( P < 0.01) and HASA ( P < 0.05) than individuals with a normal weight. Conclusion The Hispanic hip is morphologically similar to other populations previously reported in the literature; however, Hispanic men have less coverage of the femoral head by the posterior acetabular wall when compared to women of the same ethnicity. These abnormalities have a direct impact on management and surgical approach in patients treated for femoroacetabular impingement and hip dysplasia.