bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Size photometry and fluorescence imaging of immobilized immersed extracellular vesicles
Authors: Wallucks Andreas , DeCorwin‐Martin Philippe , Shen Molly L. , Ng Andy , Juncker David 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImmunofluorescence analysis of individual extracellular vesicles (EVs) in common fluorescence microscopes is gaining popularity due to its accessibility and high fluorescence sensitivity; however, EV number and size are only measurable using fluorescent stains requiring extensive sample manipulations. Here we introduce highly sensitive label‐free EV size photometry (SP) based on interferometric scattering (iSCAT) imaging of immersed EVs immobilized on a glass coverslip. We implement SP on a common inverted epifluorescence microscope with LED illumination and a simple 50:50 beamsplitter, permitting seamless integration of SP with fluorescence imaging (SPFI). We present a high‐throughput SPFI workflow recording >10,000 EVs in 7 min over ten 88 × 88 µm2 fields of view, pre‐ and post‐incubation imaging to suppress background, along with automated image alignment, aberration correction, spot detection and EV sizing. We achieve an EV sizing range from 37 to ∼220 nm in diameter with a dual 440 and 740 nm SP illumination scheme, and suggest that this range can be extended by more advanced image analysis or additional hardware customization. We benchmark SP to flow cytometry using calibrated silica nanoparticles and demonstrate superior, label‐free sensitivity. We showcase SPFI's potential for EV analysis by experimentally distinguishing surface and volumetric EV dyes, observing the deformation of EVs adsorbed to a surface, and by uncovering distinct subpopulations in <100 nm‐in‐diameter EVs with fluorescently tagged membrane proteins.
Cardiac genetic counseling services: Exploring downstream revenue in a pediatric medical center
Authors: Olson Marianne , Anderson Jeffrey , Knapke Sara , Kushner Adam , Martin Lisa , Statile Christopher , Shikany Amy , Miller Erin M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGenetic counseling is an important component of pediatric cardiac care. The financial costs and benefits of this care have yet to be defined in the literature. Downstream revenue (DSR) analysis can be used to assess the economic impact of genetic counselors (GCs) at their institution beyond the initial patient contact. Previous literature has reported DSR generated by oncology GCs, but there is no published DSR data from a cardiac GC setting. This study measured the DSR generated at a private hospital following a cardiac GC appointment. A chart review identified patients seen by a cardiac GC between 2018 and 2022. The study population included patients and their pediatric relatives who had not previously seen a cardiologist. Patients were included if they were affected with or at‐risk for long QT syndrome, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, or familial thoracic aortic aneurysm at the time of the GC visit. We recorded the frequency of common cardiac services and calculated the reimbursement for all cardiology services for 1 year following the initial GC appointment. The cohort included 121 participants from 61 families. Most individuals were at‐risk for (n = 114, 94.3%) rather than affected by an inherited cardiac condition and presented for screening. The total DSR was $247,592.27, with an annual median of $1819.50 per patient (IQR $0, $3761.33). Revenue was similar among individuals who had undergone genetic testing and those who had not. Among participants, 72 (59.5%) had subsequent cardiology services. Most frequently, a patient who presented for subsequent care had an EKG, an echocardiogram, and a cardiology appointment. While the economic contributions of GC services do not speak to the broader value of GC involvement in patient care, they are important metrics for sustainability. This study outlines an approach to evaluating DSR and establishes a baseline understanding of DSR related to cardiac GC services.
B4C‐Assisted Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hu Dimei , Yu Lulu , Wei Zijian , Zhan Lingpeng , Luo Peiqi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA novel inorganic nonmetallic material boron carbide (B4C) was applied in paper spray ionization to analyze organic molecules in both negative and positive modes. The utilization of B4C has led to a notable enhancement in signal responses for various molecules, including bisphenols and drugs, by approximately two to four times. The limit of detection (LOD) of bisphenol AF and nilotinib standard solutions can reach 1 and 0.5 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, linear relationships for bisphenol AF was established within the concentration range of 1–100 μg/mL, exhibiting strong correlation coefficients. Recovery experiments for BPAF in water samples from the inlet and outlet of a sewage treatment plant, conducted without any pretreatment, achieved a maximum recovery rate of 98.8% and an RSD below 9.78%.
Viral whole genome sequencing reveals high variations in APOBEC3 editing between HPV risk categories
Authors: Ferré Valentine Marie , Coppée Romain , Gbeasor‐Komlanvi Fifonsi A. , Vacher Sophie , Bridier‐Nahmias Antoine , Bucau Margot , Salou Mounerou , Lameiras Sonia , Couvelard Anne , Dagnra Anoumou Claver , Bieche Ivan , Descamps Diane , Ekouevi Didier K. , Ghosn Jade , Charpentier Charlotte 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHigh‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are responsible for cervical cancer. However, little is known about the differences between HPV types and risk categories regarding their genetic diversity and particularly APOBEC3‐induced mutations – which contribute to the innate immune response to HPV. Using a capture‐based next‐generation sequencing, 156 HPV whole genome sequences covering 43 HPV types were generated from paired cervical and anal swabs of 30 Togolese female sex workers (FSWs) sampled in 2017. Genetic diversity and APOBEC3‐induced mutations were assessed at the viral whole genome and gene levels. Thirty‐four pairwise sequence comparisons covering 24 HPV types in cervical and anal swabs revealed identical infections in the two anatomical sites. Differences in genetic diversity among HPV types was observed between patients. The E6 gene was significantly less conserved in low‐risk HPVs (lrHPVs) compared to high‐risk HPVs (hrHPVs) (p = 0.009). APOBEC3‐induced mutations were found to be more common in lrHPVs than in hrHPVs (p = 0.005), supported by our data and by using large HPV sequence collections from the GenBank database. Focusing on the most common lrHPVs 6 and 11 and hrHPVs 16 and 18, APOBEC3‐induced mutations were predominantly found in the E4 and E6 genes in lrHPVs, but were almost absent in these genes in hrHPVs. The variable APOBEC3 mutational signatures could contribute to the different oncogenic potentials between HPVs. Further studies are needed to conclusively determine whether APOBEC3 editing levels are associated to the carcinogenic potential of HPVs at the type and sublineage scales.
Statistical Characteristics of Snowfall on the Tibetan Plateau Affected by TCs Over the Bay of Bengal: An Observational Analysis
Authors: Ye Wei , Li Ying , Yuan Yuan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this study, the characteristics of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) that affect snowfall on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and spatiotemporal distribution of snowfall related to BoB TCs are statistically analysed by using multi‐sources data from 1981 to 2020, with partitioning TC‐influenced snowfall by tracking cloud clusters. The results show that 141 TCs formed during the 40‐year period of 1981–2020, of which about 35% (50 TCs) impacted snowfall at 83% of meteorological stations on the TP during their northward or westward movement, and the average distance between the TC centre and the snowfall stations is 1277 km. The proportion of snowfall‐related TC frequency shows a significantly decreasing trend with a predominant cycle of 10a. The TC‐influenced snowfall frequency (SF), precipitation amount (PA) on a snowfall day and snow depth (SD) during 1981–2020 all show a non‐significant weak decreasing trend, while TC‐influenced snowfall is significantly increased in the eastern and southern edges of Xizang, western Sichuan and the southern margin of Qinghai. PA and SD in December account for more than 75% and 55% of the monthly total, respectively. The spatial pattern of PA could be objectively categorised into west‐type (24%) and southeast‐type (76%). The moisture transported by the BoB TC and a southerly jet stream formed between the trough and the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), the convergence of cold air and warm–moist airstream over the TP and the change in position of the south Asian high in the upper troposphere are significant factors causing the different spatial distribution. The results can provide reference for TC‐related snowfall, SD prediction and disaster assessment on the TP.
Angle‐Resolved Polarized Raman Study of Layered Cr2Se3
Authors: Irziqat Mohammed A. , Weerahennedige Hiruni , Vithanage Dinushika , Ronau Zane , Weerarathne Hansaka , Weerasekera Naveen , Sumanasekera Gamini , Yu Ming , Jasinski Jacek B. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe polarization‐resolved Raman spectra of two‐dimensional Cr2Se3 synthesized via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and chemical vapor transport (CVT) techniques were investigated in detail. The samples were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). A distinct polarization dependence was observed in the Raman intensity of all the Cr‐Cr, Cr‐Se, and Se‐Se modes in both samples. The observed angle‐dependent Raman intensities of each peak could be related to the crystal structure‐specific Raman tensor. XRD results of the bulk Cr2Se3 sample synthesized via CVT confirm its trigonal crystal structure, and the Raman peaks can be fitted using the Raman tensors for the 𝐴𝑔 and 𝐸𝑔 modes for both the parallel and crossed polarizations. However, for the Cr2Se3 samples directly grown on Si/SiO2 substrates by CVD, it was necessary to assume the triclinic crystal structure in order to explain the polarized Raman dependence of all the peaks in both parallel and crossed polarization directions. This is the first experimental result suggesting the existence of triclinic Cr2Se3 crystal structure, which has been theoretically predicted in the Materials Project database.
Racial Disparities in Surgical Oncologic Research Funding and Impact on Diverse Populations
Authors: White Midori , Johnston Fabian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRacial disparities in surgical oncology research funding significantly impact minority researchers and diverse populations. This review explores historical factors contributing to the underrepresentation of minorities in academic medicine. Strategies for addressing these disparities include enhancing diversity in the physician workforce and improving funding opportunities for minority researchers, with the goal of improving patient outcomes and reducing cancer care disparities.
Racial Inequities in Receiving Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients With Pancreatic Cancer Are Associated With Worse Outcomes in Louisiana
Authors: Malinosky Hannah R. , Chapple Andrew G. , Hargis McKenzie , Wu Xiao‐Cheng , Efishat Mohammad Al , Lyons John , Watson James C. , Maluccio Mary , Nfonsam Valentine N. , Moaven Omeed 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer‐related deaths. In recent years, the approach to managing this malignancy has evolved toward embracing neoadjuvant treatment (NAT), backed by studies reporting its survival benefit. This study aimed to identify factors that contribute to disparities in NAT utilization and their impact on outcomes in patients with PDAC who underwent resection in Louisiana.MethodsData on diagnosed PDAC cases were obtained from the Louisiana Tumor Registry between 2000 and 2020. We conducted multivariable logistic regression to adjust for potential confounding factors in assessing the covariate relationships with NAT use. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine which factors were associated with survival. Chained multiple imputation was performed on covariates with missing data in multivariable regressions.ResultsThe study encompassed 2121 patients who underwent resection for PDAC. Upon controlling for potential confounding variables, Black patients were on average 5.7% less likely to receive NAT than their White counterparts (ATE = 5.7, aOR= 0.56, 95% CI = 0.40−0.80, p = 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, there was a significant decrease in the risk of overall death for patients who received NAT (aHR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.71−0.94, p = 0.006). There was no significant interaction between race and NAT for the risk of death.ConclusionBlack patients with PDAC were less likely to receive NAT before resection in Louisiana. Overall survival improved in patients who underwent NAT. These differences were independent of insurance status and poverty zip codes, and future investigations should identify modifiable barriers to access and receipt of NAT in patients with PDAC.
Review of Options to Traditional HIPEC for Prevention and Treatment of Peritoneal Metastases
Authors: Sugarbaker Paul H. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCytoreductive surgery with HIPEC has definite application to the management of selected patients with peritoneal metastases. Patients who profit most have a complete cytoreductive surgery. Higher‐grade tumors such as colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, and ovarian malignancy are benefited by CRS and HIPEC only under limited circumstances. High‐grade tumor invades subperitoneal lymphatics where HIPEC is not effective. Options to traditional HIPEC for treatment of invasive intraabdominal malignancies with peritoneal metastases must be explored.
Tourism and Economic Growth: Assessing the Significance of Sustainable Competitiveness Using a Dynamic Panel Data Approach
Authors: Lin Woon Leong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study explores the tourism‐led growth hypothesis (TLGH) by assessing the moderating role of sustainable competitiveness across 203 countries from 2000 to 2019. Utilizing the system generalized method of moments (SYS‐GMM) approach, the analysis confirms that tourism contributes positively to economic growth, with variations observed across different income levels and degrees of competitiveness. The findings indicate that both low‐ and high‐income countries experience enhanced economic benefits from tourism when competitiveness is prioritized. The study underscores the importance of developing sustainable competitiveness strategies as a means to amplify tourism's positive effects on economic growth. These insights provide a valuable basis for policymakers aiming to leverage tourism as a catalyst for sustainable economic development across diverse national contexts.
Eosinophilic dermatosis of haematologic malignancy treated with ibrutinib: A case report
Authors: Dradi Giulia Greta , Gamo Villegas Reyes , Pinedo Moraleda Fernando , López Estebaranz Jose Luis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEosinophilic dermatosis of haematologic malignancy is an infrequent skin disorder characterised by severe pruritus and skin lesions resembling arthropod bites. It primarily affects individuals with underlying haematological conditions, most commonly chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). While it does not correlate with a worse prognosis for the haematological disease itself, it significantly impacts patients' quality of life due to the distressing pruritus and recurring nature. Clinical presentation typically shows erythematous papules resembling arthropod bites, with less frequent occurrences of urticarial plaques or bullous lesions. Histologically, an intense and polymorphous inflammatory infiltrate is found both in the superficial and deep dermis, marked by an abundance of eosinophils and the absence of atypical cells. Treatment of this disease remains uncertain, with corticosteroids often being the only effective therapy. Here, we present the case of an 80‐year‐old patient with a history of CLL, who experienced a widespread, itchy eruption of papules and plaques over 2 months. Despite various therapeutic attempts, the lesions only responded to high‐dose corticosteroids. Following the initiation of ibrutinib at a daily dose of 420 mg, both the skin lesions and pruritus resolved within 3 months. Ibrutinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is approved as a first‐line treatment for CLL. However, its potential as a remedy for refractory eosinophilic dermatosis has not been reported thus far.
Presenting JAK inhibitor safety information to dermatology patients
Authors: Teixeira Anthony J. , Duong Jessica Q. , Parraga Shirley P. , Feldman Steven R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractJanus Kinase (JAK) inhibitors are treatment options for dermatologic conditions such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, vitiligo, and alopecia areata. Guidance on how to counsel patients on these novel treatments is limited. The purpose of this review is to provide options providers can use to discuss JAK inhibitors with dermatology patients. The PubMed database was searched for terms including “dermatology JAK inhibitor safety” and “presenting information to patients.” Relevant literature was selected for inclusion. Black box warnings were placed on JAK inhibitors after a large, controlled trial in rheumatoid arthritis patients did not prove that tofacitinib was as safe as tumor necrosis factor inhibitors; in clinical trials for dermatologic conditions, JAK inhibitors had low risks of serious adverse events. Patient barriers to comprehending treatment information include conflicting information and limited time for discussion of risks. To address these barriers, suggested approaches have included speaking in simple phrases, providing reliable sources, and offering educational materials appropriate for different cultures. When discussing risks, physicians may use anecdotes and frame risks and side effects in ways that decrease anxiety. JAK inhibitors have uncommon severe side effects and related concerns that may be hard for patients to overcome, even when benefits exceed risks. Standard educational approaches can be complemented by anecdotes and framing to help diminish patients' anxiety.
4D Printing of Multifunctional and Biodegradable PLA‐PBAT‐Fe3O4 Nanocomposites with Supreme Mechanical and Shape Memory Properties
Authors: Yousefi Mohammad Amin , Rahmatabadi Davood , Baniassadi Majid , Bodaghi Mahdi , Baghani Mostafa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract4D printing magneto‐responsive shape memory polymers (SMPs) using biodegradable nanocomposites can overcome their low toughness and thermal resistance, and produce smart materials that can be controlled remotely without contact. This study presented the development of 3D/4D printable nanocomposites based on poly (lactic acid) (PLA)‐poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) blends and magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The nanocomposites are prepared by melt mixing PLA‐PBAT blends with different Fe3O4 contents (10, 15, and 20 wt%) and extruded into granules for material extrusion 3D printing. The morphology, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), mechanical properties, and shape memory behavior of the nanocomposites are investigated. The results indicated that the Fe3O4 nanoparticles are preferentially distributed in the PBAT phases, enhancing the storage modulus, thermal stability, strength, elongation, toughness, shape fixity, and recovery of the nanocomposites. The optimal Fe3O4 loading is found to be 10 wt%, as higher loadings led to nanoparticle agglomeration and reduced performance. The nanocomposites also exhibited fast shape memory response under thermal and magnetic activation due to the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The 3D/4D printable nanocomposites demonstrated multifunctional multi‐trigger shape‐memory capabilities and potential applications in contactless and safe actuation.
Ion Source Complementarity for Characterization of Complex Organic Mixtures Using Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry: A Review
Authors: Mase Charlotte , Sueur Maxime , Lavanant Hélène , Rüger Christopher Paul , Giusti Pierre , Afonso Carlos 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTComplex organic mixtures are found in many areas of research, such as energy, environment, health, planetology, and cultural heritage, to name but a few. However, due to their complex chemical composition, which holds an extensive potential of information at the molecular level, their molecular characterization is challenging. In mass spectrometry, the ionization step is the key step, as it determines which species will be detected. This review presents an overview of the main ionization sources employed to characterize these kinds of samples in Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FT‐MS), namely electrospray (ESI), atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), atmospheric pressure laser ionization (APLI), and (matrix‐assisted) laser desorption ionization ((MA)LDI), and their complementarity in the characterization of complex organic mixtures. First, the ionization techniques are examined in the common direct introduction (DI) usage. Second, these approaches are discussed in the context of coupling chromatographic techniques such as gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, and supercritical fluid chromatography.
An approach to determine pathological breast tissue samples with free‐space measurement method at 24 GHz
Authors: Toprak Rabia , Gultekin Seyfettin Sinan , Kayabasi Ahmet , Çelik Zeliha Esin , Tekin Fatma Hicret , Uzer Dilek 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPathology is an important branch of science in the diagnosis and treatment of several diseases. In cancer diseases, serious investigations have been made about the course of the diseases. A report that is essential for both the patient and the doctor is prepared by the pathologists as a result of a detailed cellular examination. These reports contain information about the disease. Access duration to these reports, which affects the form and duration of the treatment, is extremely important today. It is possible to shorten this period with systems using antenna technologies. The pathological breast tissue samples have been examined by using horn antenna structures with high gain in this study. Dual identical horn antennas have been placed opposite each other as receivers and transmitters in the measurement setup at 24 GHz. Measurements of normal and cancerous breast tissues have been made, and the normalization process has been applied to the measured scattering parameters. The different values between normal and cancerous breast tissues have been shown with this process. The normalized values are compared with other analyzed values. According to the results obtained, the percentage of normalized values for transmission is much more effective and meaningful than other results.