bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental insights from high‐resolution (SIMS) sulfur isotope analyses of sulfides in Proterozoic microbialites with diverse mat textures
Authors: Gomes M. L. , Fike D. A. , Bergmann K. D. , Jones C. , Knoll A. H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn modern microbial mats, hydrogen sulfide shows pronounced sulfur isotope (δ34S) variability over small spatial scales (~50‰ over <4 mm), providing information about microbial sulfur cycling within different ecological niches in the mat. In the geological record, the location of pyrite formation, overprinting from mat accretion, and post‐depositional alteration also affect both fine‐scale δ34S patterns and bulk δ34Spyrite values. We report μm‐scale δ34S patterns in Proterozoic samples with well‐preserved microbial mat textures. We show a well‐defined relationship between δ34S values and sulfide mineral grain size and type. Small pyrite grains (<25 μm) span a large range, tending toward high δ34S values (−54.5‰ to 11.7‰, mean: −14.4‰). Larger pyrite grains (>25 μm) have low but equally variable δ34S values (−61.0‰ to −10.5‰, mean: −44.4‰). In one sample, larger sphalerite grains (>35 μm) have intermediate and essentially invariant δ34S values (−22.6‰ to −15.6‰, mean: −19.4‰). We suggest that different sulfide mineral populations reflect separate stages of formation. In the first stage, small pyrite grains form near the mat surface along a redox boundary where high rates of sulfate reduction, partial closed‐system sulfate consumption in microenvironments, and/or sulfide oxidation lead to high δ34S values. In another stage, large sphalerite grains with low δ34S values grow along the edges of pore spaces formed from desiccation of the mat. Large pyrite grains form deeper in the mat at slower sulfate reduction rates, leading to low δ34Ssulfide values. We do not see evidence for significant 34S‐enrichment in bulk pore water sulfide at depth in the mat due to closed‐system Rayleigh fractionation effects. On a local scale, Rayleigh fractionation influences the range of δ34S values measured for individual pyrite grains. Fine‐scale analyses of δ34Spyrite patterns can thus be used to extract environmental information from ancient microbial mats and aid in the interpretation of bulk δ34Spyrite records.
Reading Australian modernity: Unsettled settlers and cultures of mobility
Authors: Rees Anne 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhat did Australian modernity look like? Over the last two decades, Australia's entrenched reputation for ‘cultural belatedness’ has been displaced by the study of ‘colonial modernity’. No longer beholden to the idea that a singular modernity was disseminated from core to periphery, scholars now speak of many localised modernities that arose across colonial and provincial sites. According to this new ‘multiple modernities’ paradigm, Australia was home to its own home‐grown incarnation of modern life. But what was distinctively ‘Australian’ about Australian modernity? Although widely discussed in recent historiography, scholars have yet to delineate its distinguishing features. This article posits mobility as a central component of the Australian modern. Drawing upon new scholarship in settler colonial studies and transnational history, it argues that early twentieth‐century Australia was home to intense cultures of both domestic and global mobility that were entangled with the geographies and anxieties of the settler colonial project. It shows how the nation's ‘unsettled settlers’ also became its chief agents of modernity, and in doing so draws together several strands in recent historiography. Although mobility also signified modernity beyond Australia, it was within this settler colonial nation tyrannised by distance that the modern appetite for motion reached especial heights.
The story continues: an overview of the ‘Dissertations into Practice’ feature
Authors: Marshall Audrey 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe ‘Dissertations into practice’ feature began life in March 2012 with a dual aim: to encourage students, recent graduates and new professionals to write for publication and to highlight the impact of student research on policy and practice. This article reflects on the initiative and demonstrates that it has been extremely successful in achieving both aims. It highlights the diverse range of contributions to the feature so far and proves that student research can and does influence policy and practice. It also demonstrates that, with the right encouragement and support, students are willing and able to write for academic publication and that they gain a lot from the experience.A. M.
Dental pulp regeneration via cell homing
Authors: Eramo S. , Natali A. , Pinna R. , Milia E. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe typical treatment for irreversibly inflamed/necrotic pulp tissue is root canal treatment. As an alternative approach, regenerative endodontics aims to regenerate dental pulp‐like tissues using two possible strategies: cell transplantation and cell homing. The former requires exogenously transplanted stem cells, complex procedures and high costs; the latter employs the host's endogenous cells to achieve tissue repair/regeneration, which is more clinically translatable. This systematic review examines cell homing for dental pulp regeneration, selecting articles on in vitro experiments, in vivo ectopic transplantation models and in situ pulp revascularization. MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases were electronically searched for articles without limits in publication date. Two reviewers independently screened and included papers according to the predefined selection criteria. The electronic searches identified 46 studies. After title, abstract and full‐text examination, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. In vitro data highlighted that multiple cytokines have the capacity to induce migration, proliferation and differentiation of dental pulp stem/progenitor cells. The majority of the in vivo studies obtained regenerated connective pulp‐like tissues with neovascularization. In some cases, the samples showed new innervation and new dentine deposition. The in situ pulp revascularization regenerated intracanal pulp‐like tissues with neovascularization, innervation and dentine formation. Cell homing strategies for pulp regeneration need further understanding and improvement if they are to become a reliable and effective approach in endodontics. Nevertheless, cell homing currently represents the most clinically viable pathway for dental pulp regeneration.
Addition of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors to insulin treatment in type 2 diabetes patients: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Yang Wenjia , Cai Xiaoling , Gao Xueying , Chen Yifei , Chen Ling , Ji Linong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining insulin therapy with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitors compared with combining insulin therapy with a placebo or other antihyperglycemic agents.Materials and MethodsA literature search was carried out via electronic databases. The inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials comparing the addition of DPP‐4 inhibitors to insulin with the addition of a placebo or other active hypoglycemic agents to insulin therapy, study duration of no less than 12 weeks carried out in type 2 diabetes patients and the availability of outcome data to evaluate a change in the glycated hemoglobin.ResultsThe glycated hemoglobin‐lowering efficacy was significantly greater with DPP‐4 inhibitor/insulin (DPP‐4i/INS) than with placebo/insulin (weighted mean difference −0.53%, 95% confidence interval −0.63, −0.43, P < 0.01). The postprandial plasma glucose‐lowering efficacies was also significantly greater with DPP‐4i/INS than with placebo/insulin (weighted mean difference −1.65 mmol/L, 95% CI: −2.34, −0.96, P < 0.05). The risk of hypoglycemia or severe hypoglycemia was similar for DPP4i/INS and placebo/insulin treatments. There was no significant difference in the glycemia‐lowering efficacy between DPP‐4i/INS and alpha‐glucosidase inhibitors/insulin, thiazolidinedione/insulin and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist/insulin. Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor/insulin treatment achieved better placebo‐corrected efficacy in lowering postprandial plasma glucose, with less weight gain and no higher risk of hypoglycemia.ConclusionsTreatment with DPP‐4 inhibitors combined with insulin improved glycemic control without an increased risk of hypoglycemia or weight gain compared with insulin treatment alone.
Regulatory connection between the expression level of classical protein kinase C and pruning of climbing fibers from cerebellar Purkinje cells
Authors: Takahashi Nobutaka , Shuvaev Anton N. , Konno Ayumu , Matsuzaki Yasunori , Watanave Masashi , Hirai Hirokazu 
Published: October 2017

Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) express two members of the classical protein kinase C (cPKC) subfamily, namely, PKCα and PKCγ. Previous studies on PKCγ knockout (KO) mice have revealed a critical role of PKCγ in the pruning of climbing fibers (CFs) from PCs during development. The question remains as to why only PKCγ and not PKCα is involved in CF synapse elimination from PCs. To address this question, we assessed the expression levels of PKCγ and PKCα in wild‐type (WT) and PKCγ KO PCs using PC‐specific quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunohistochemical analysis. The results revealed that the vast majority of cPKCs in PCs were PKCγ, whereas PKCα accounted for the remaining minimal fraction. The amount of PKCα was not up‐regulated in PKCγ KO PCs. Lentiviral expression of PKCα in PKCγ KO PCs resulted in a 10‐times increase in the amount of PKCα mRNA in the PKCγ KO PCs, compared to that in WT PCs. Our quantification showed that the expression levels of cPKC mRNA in PKCγ KO PCs increased roughly from 1% to 22% of that in WT PCs solely through PKCα expression. The up‐regulation of PKCα in PKCγ KO PCs significantly rescued the impaired CF synapse elimination. Although both PKCα and PKCγ are capable of pruning supernumerary CF synapses from developing PCs, these results suggest that the expression levels of cPKCs in PKCγ KO PCs are too low for CF pruning.
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Mutations in the genes for keratin‐4 and keratin‐13 in Swedish patients with white sponge nevus
Authors: Westin Maria , Rekabdar Elham , Blomstrand Lena , Klintberg Per , Jontell Mats , Robledo‐Sierra Jairo 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundWhite sponge nevus is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that affects the non‐keratinised stratified squamous epithelium. Mutations in the genes that encode mucosa‐specific keratin‐4 and keratin‐13 are strongly linked to the manifestation of white sponge nevus. This study involved mutational analysis of the genes encoding keratin‐4 and keratin‐13 in two Swedish families with white sponge nevus.MethodsThe diagnosis of white sponge nevus was based on disease history, clinical characteristics of the lesions and, in the majority of the cases, histopathological examination. Samples were collected from the affected buccal mucosa using buccal swabs. DNA was subsequently extracted and amplified using touchdown‐PCR. The keratin‐4 and keratin‐13 genes were sequenced, and a genetic analysis was performed.ResultsA novel heterozygous missense mutation was identified in exon 1A of the keratin‐4 gene in Family 2. In addition, previously reported heterozygous missense mutations were identified in the keratin‐4 (E449K, A72V, Q156R, R208H) and keratin‐13 (L115P) genes in both families.ConclusionWe describe a novel heterozygous missense mutation in the keratin‐4 gene of a Swedish family with white sponge nevus. Our results support the notion that mutations in keratin‐4 and keratin‐13 are the underlying cause of white sponge nevus.
Exploring the nature of illness perceptions in people with end‐stage kidney disease
Authors: Rees Jessica , Chilcot Joseph , Donnellan Warren , Soulsby Laura 
Published: October 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundDiagnosis and treatment for End‐Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) results in vast lifestyle changes. Despite the high prevalence of depression in people with ESKD, the psychosocial impacts of ESKD are still often overlooked. Illness perceptions enable people to make sense of their illness and are closely associated with depression. Due to the high levels of depression within ESKD, this study sought to understand the nature of illness perceptions in people with ESKD.MethodologyIn this qualitative study, eleven participants were identified through hospital and online patient support groups. Semi‐structured interviews were audio‐taped, transcribed and analysed using grounded theory techniques.ResultsThree themes emerged from the data: Renal Conflicts, Forced Adjustment and Coping. The main dimensions of illness perception discussed by participants were Consequences, Control, Timeline and Identity.ConclusionThe results of this study have practical implications for informing practitioners about the psychosocial effects of ESKD diagnosis and treatment.
Effects of Prescription Drug Insurance on Hospitalization and Mortality: Evidence from Medicare Part D
Authors: Kaestner Robert , Schiman Cuping , Alexander G. Caleb 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe used Medicare administrative data (2002–2009) and an instrumental variables design that exploits the natural experiment created by the implementation of Medicare Part D to estimate the effect of prescription drug coverage insurance on the use and costs of inpatient services. We find that gaining prescription drug insurance through Part D caused approximately a 4 percent decrease in hospital admission rate, a 2–5 percent decrease in Medicare inpatient payments per person, and a 10–15 percent decrease in inpatient charges. Among specific types of admissions, gaining insurance was associated with significant decreases in admissions for CHF and COPD.
Candidate genes associated with resistance to Valsa canker identified via quantitative trait loci in apple
Authors: Tan Yi , Shen Fei , Chen Ruiting , Wang Yi , Wu Ting , Li Tianhong , Xu Xuefeng , Han Zhenhai , Zhang Xinzhong 
Published: October 2017

AbstractValsa canker is a destructive fungal disease for the apple industry, especially in Asian regions. Here, individuals in “Jonathan” × “Golden Delicious” hybrid population were phenotyped by off situ inoculation with Valsa mali isolates 03‐8 and xc56 from 2012 to 2015. Thirty‐one QTLs for the resistance were detected using high‐density genetic maps. Based on year‐stable and isolate‐robust QTLs, resistant loci G13‐1 and G13‐2 were mapped on chromosome 13 of the male parent, meanwhile locus J15‐1 was mapped on chromosome 15 of the female parent. Using the parental whole‐genome resequencing SNP databases, eighteen SNPs that could change predicted cis‐elements of gene or led to non‐synonymous substitution were screened in the three loci. After segregation analysis in hybrids and gene expression verification, three SNPs in an RNA‐binding protein gene, a serine/threonine‐protein kinase gene and a MYB transcription factor gene showed a close relationship to Valsa canker resistance in apple. These results will be useful for the application of marker‐assisted selection for Valsa canker resistance in apple.
Caesarean delivery and anaemia risk in children in 45 low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Wilunda Calistus , Yoshida Satomi , Blangiardo Marta , Betran Ana Pilar , Tanaka Shiro , Kawakami Koji 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCaesarean delivery (CD) may reduce placental transfusion and cause poor iron‐related haematological indices in the neonate. We aimed to explore the association between CD and anaemia in children aged <5 years utilising data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2005 and 2015 in 45 low‐ and middle‐income countries (N = 132,877). We defined anaemia categories based on haemoglobin levels, analysed each country's data separately using propensity‐score weighting, pooled the country‐specific odds ratios (ORs) using random effects meta‐analysis, and performed meta‐regression to determine whether the association between CD and anaemia varies by national CD rate, anaemia prevalence, and gross national income. Individual‐level CD was not associated with any anaemia (OR 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.86, 1.06]; I2 = 40.2%), mild anaemia (OR 0.91, 95% CI [0.81, 1.02]; I2 = 24.8%), and moderate/severe anaemia (OR 0.97, 95% CI [0.85, 1.11]; I2 = 47.7%). CD tended to be positively associated with moderate/severe anaemia in upper middle‐income countries and negatively associated with mild anaemia in lower middle‐income countries; however, meta‐regression did not detect any variation in the association between anaemia and CD by the level of income, CD rate, and anaemia prevalence. In conclusion, there was no evidence for an association between CD and anaemia in children younger than 5 years in low‐ and middle‐income countries. Our conclusions were consistent when we looked at only countries with CD rate >15% with data stratified by individual‐level wealth status and type of health facility of birth.
The association between a genetic risk score for allergy and the risk of developing allergies in childhood—Results of the WHISTLER cohort
Authors: Arabkhazaeli Ali , Ahmadizar Fariba , Leusink Maarten , Arets Hubertus G. M. , Raaijmakers Jan A. M. , Uiterwaal Cuno S. P. M. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Maitland‐van der Zee Anke‐Hilse , Vijverberg Susanne J. H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundSeveral genetic variants have been associated with the susceptibility to allergic disease in adults, but it remains unclear whether these genetic variants are also associated with the onset of allergic disease early in life. The aim of this study was to develop a genetic risk score (GRS) for allergy based on findings in adults and study its predictive capacity for allergy in children.MethodsA GRS was constructed based on 10 SNPs previously associated with allergies in adults. The GRS was tested in children who participated in a population‐based newborn cohort (WHISTLER) and were followed from birth to school age. Logistic regression analysis was used to study the association between the GRS and the parental‐reported allergies at age 5 (based on a reported allergy to ≥1 of the following allergens: pollen, house dust mites, or pets). A Cox regression model was used to study the association between GRS and a physician‐diagnosed allergy during follow‐up (allergic conjunctivitis, allergic rhinitis, and eczema/dermatitis). Cohen's kappa coefficient was calculated to study the agreement between physician‐diagnosed allergy and parental‐reported allergy at age 5.ResultsThe GRS was significantly associated with parental‐reported allergy (odds ratio: 15.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.07‐233.73) at age 5, as well as with a physician‐diagnosed allergy during follow‐up (hazard ratio: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.05‐3.41). The overall agreement between physician‐diagnosed and parental‐reported allergies was 70.5% (kappa: 0.10, 95% CI: 0.03‐0.18).ConclusionsAn adult‐derived GRS for allergy predicts the risk of developing allergies in childhood.
Non‐immediate‐reading skin tests and prolonged challenges in non‐immediate hypersensitivity to beta‐lactams in children
Authors: Lezmi G. , Alrowaishdi F. , Bados‐Albiero A. , Scheinmann P. , de Blic J. , Ponvert C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundA minority of children reporting non‐immediate reactions to beta‐lactams (BLs) are allergic. Allergy workup usually includes late‐reading (48‐72 hours) skin tests (ST) and short (1‐3 days) drug provocation tests (DPT), regardless of the chronology of the index reaction. The sensitivity of hyper‐late‐reading (≥6‐7 days) ST and of prolonged DPT for the diagnosis of non‐immediate hypersensitivity to BLs is yet to be determined.ObjectivesTo establish the diagnostic values of late‐reading ST and hyper‐late‐reading ST and of prolonged DPT in children reporting non‐immediate reactions to BLs.MethodsProspective assessment of children reporting non‐immediate reactions to BLs with late‐ and additional hyper‐late‐reading intradermal (ID) and patch tests, and if negative, with prolonged DPT.ResultsFive hundred and fifty children reporting reactions to a single or several BLs (674 suspected BLs) were included. Non‐immediate hypersensitivity to BLs was diagnosed in 63 children (11.5%), reporting 66 reactions (9.8%), based on responses in ST (n = 17, 25.8%: 5 to ID, 8 to patch tests, and 4 to both tests), DPT (n = 43, 65.2%), and clinical history (n = 6, 9.1%), including 3/9 children with severe cutaneous adverse reactions. Skin test positivity was observed after the 6‐7th day in 14/17 children, and DPT positivity after a median time of 3 days. No severe reaction was observed after ST or during prolonged DPT.ConclusionAdditional hyper‐late‐reading of ST enhanced their positivity. However, their overall sensitivity remained weak, especially in non‐severe cases. Prolonged DPT are safe and may improve the performance of DPT in the diagnosis of non‐immediate hypersensitivity to BLs.
Metabolic strategies of melanoma cells: Mechanisms, interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic implications
Authors: Fischer Grant M. , Vashisht Gopal Y. N. , McQuade Jennifer L. , Peng Weiyi , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Davies Michael A. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryMelanomas are metabolically heterogeneous, and they are able to adapt in order to utilize a variety of fuels that facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. The significance of metabolism in melanoma is supported by growing evidence of impact on the efficacy of contemporary therapies for this disease. There are also data to support that the metabolic phenotypes of melanoma cells depend upon contributions from both intrinsic oncogenic pathways and extrinsic factors in the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes current understanding of the metabolic processes that promote cutaneous melanoma tumorigenesis and progression, the regulation of cancer cell metabolism by the tumor microenvironment, and the impact of metabolic pathways on targeted and immune therapies.
Flavonoids inhibit chronically exposed arsenic‐induced proliferation and malignant transformation of HaCaT cells
Authors: Rajput Mohit , Kujur Praveen Kumar , Mishra Abhijeet , Singh Rana P. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundApart from exposure to UV‐radiation, studies show relationship between skin cancer and chronic ingestion of arsenic through drinking water. Chemopreventive strategies could help in reducing the toxic effects of arsenic and arsenic‐induced skin cancer.MethodsCytotoxicity of arsenic on human skin keratinocytes HaCaT cells was evaluated using MTT and trypan blue assays. Arsenic‐induced malignant transformant HaCaT cells were selected through soft agar colony assay. Cell cycle progression was analyzed through FACS. The expressions of genes modulated by arsenic were studied through RT‐PCR.ResultsThe lower concentrations (0.1‐0.5 μmol/L) of arsenic were non‐toxic and transformed HaCaT cells on chronic exposure, and also enhanced the cell proliferation. Silibinin and fisetin reduced the arsenic‐induced cell proliferation and malignant transformation. A slight increase in G2‐M phase cell population was also observed. The anti‐proliferation effects of flavonoids on HaCaT transformants were further enhanced when combined with gamma radiation. Chronic and acute exposure to arsenic modulated the expression of transformation‐associated genes including Bcl‐2A1, IGFL‐1, Rab31, and TNC in HaCaT cells.ConclusionsChronic exposure to lower arsenic concentrations caused malignant transformation of skin keratinocytes and that effect was attenuated by flavonoids silibinin and fisetin. Thus, chemoprevention could reduce arsenic‐caused detrimental effects on skin cells.