bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The World within the Walls: A Music Therapy Group for Patients in Long-Term Segregation at the National High Secure Service for Women in the UK
Authors: Short Helen 
Published: July 2017

This article describes work undertaken at a high secure service for women in the UK. It provides an account of an on-ward, time-limited music therapy group for individuals detained in long-term segregation in the intensive care unit of the hospital. The high level of risk patients pose to themselves and others means mixing with their peers requires close supervision, and also results in long periods of isolation. The group was initiated with the primary focus being to help develop relationships between the women. Often the whole ward team participated, with staff members taking the role of participant-observer during the session. A background to the work, including the nature of the forensic setting, is provided. Group music therapy in this setting is then described, with consideration given to the impact of institutional dynamics on the process. The relationship between the culture of the NHS and the high-secure setting, with the inevitable struggle to maintain authentic therapeutic relationships, is also explored.
Processes of change in obstetrics: a cross-national case-study of episiotomy
Authors: Graham Ian D. 
Published: July 2017

This article traces and analyzes the evolution of obstetric and midwifery doctrine and use of episiotomy in the United States and England. In the US, the routinization of episiotomy eventually resulted from strenuous lobbying efforts of a small group of obstetrician/gynecologists between 1915 and 1935. These physicians claimed episiotomy prevented perineal lacerations, infant morbidity and mortality, and future gynecological problems. In England, the liberal use of episiotomy came about during the 1970s from pressure from obstetricians although no overt campaigning for the practice occurred. In both countries routine episiotomy was encouraged by medical and extra medical factors which involved changes occurring in the dominant belief system in obstetrics, maternity care practices, and the obstetric and midwifery professions. In more recent years, eventual declines in episiotomy use resulted from childbirth activists and others questioning of the practice and calling on obstetricians to produce evidence that the operation was in fact beneficial. This was facilitated, particularly in England, by midwifery interest in resisting obstetric control. While scientific evidence showing episiotomy beneficial was not responsible for the adoption of routine episiotomy in either the US or England, the lack of evidence was central to the initial rejection of routine episiotomy in England and resulted in the launching of randomized controlled trials designed to produce evidence of the operation's effectiveness. This case-study offers insight into some of the diverse factors implicated in bringing about change in obstetric knowledge and practice.
Results of an Infection Control Survey in Ultrasound Departments and Recommended Guidelines
Authors: Grouden MC , Keogh E , Colgan MP , Moore DJ , Shanik DG 
Published: July 2017

Prevention of disease transmission by cross infection is very important in the hospital environment to protect both staff and patients. At the present time most hospitals have stringent infection control policies which are largely geared toward the wards, critical care units and the operating theatres but there does not appear to be specific guidelines for ultrasound departments. Considering the contact nature of the ultrasound examination and the large number of tests that are performed in most hospitals annually it was felt that this was an area that needed to be addressed. One must be aware not only of protection of patients and staff but also of care in the cleaning of expensive equipment. We undertook a national survey of the larger general ultrasound departments, vascular and cardiac laboratories to establish current practices and to assess whether these are adequate. We also contacted a number of ultrasound companies and requested cleaning specifications for their equipment. The full results of the survey, the biological effectiveness of different cleaning techniques and their compatibility with ultrasound transducers will be discussed. Finally, recommendations regarding safe effective cleaning procedures and sensible infection control precautions in ultrasound departments will be made.
Discussion Paper
Authors: Lloyd Sheree 
Published: July 2017

The concept of Health Maintenance Organisations (HMOs) attracted considerable attention in Australia in 1986 when the Federal Government released a discussion paper on the subject. Linked with the argument that HMOs provided financial incentive for people to keep healthy, hence their emphasis on preventative medicine and health education, HMOs were seen to have the potential to play a part not only in controlling risk factors in our lifestyles but also the spiralling costs of health care. The Government's publication, HMOs — A Development Program Under Medicare, drew on the Federal Government's extensive examination of the American experience where HMOs have flourished since the 1970s. It now appears that HMOs are not living up to their promise of low cost health care with an emphasis on prevention, although the Director of the Institute of Health Economics and Technology Assessment, Dr. Paul Gross, has recently suggested in the journal Hospital and Health Care (1988) (19 (10), p.24) that HMOs, if set up properly, could help save a total of half a million years of life every year. Maybe HMOs will yet see the light of day in Australia. If they do, there are some significant implications for Australian medical record administrators who might be called upon to assume similar roles in HMOs to their American counterparts. MRAs in the USA have become key resource people in HMOs in recognition of the critical role information systems play in the successful management of such organisations. In the discussion paper which follows, Sheree Lloyd looks in some detail at the concept of HMOs and examines the potential impact their introduction could have on MRAs in this country. Significantly, her message is not confined to HMOs. Health care facilities of all shapes and sizes are having to meet the demand for well organised information systems. Hence we should all heed Lloyd's call for MRAs to be “innovative and progressive” in our approach towards the challenges confronting the health care field in general and health information management in particular.
A Study Using Working DRGs to Examine Variations in Length of Stay
Authors: Cheng Serena , Essery Suzanne , Braithwaite Jeffrey , Howes Melita 
Published: July 2017

The results of a working DRG utilisation review study conducted at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney in 1992 are described. The project aimed to allocate a working DRG to Cardiology and Orthopaedic patients. Working DRGs are defined as DRGs allocated on admission based on the presenting problem or provisional diagnosis. Patients were then concurrently reviewed until discharge. Actual length of stay (LOS) of patients was compared to the LOS predicted by the working DRG. Results indicated that a utilisation review program using a working DRG can predict a LOS reasonably well for large groups of patients but not for individual patients and that St Vincent's is a comparatively efficient provider of Cardiology and Orthopaedic Services. The paper describes the study design, methods and results. Medical Record Managers played an integral role in the preparation phase, design of the study, day to day coordination and analysis of results. Medical Record Managers' participation in the study is highlighted in this paper.
A FOXO1-induced oncogenic network defines the AML1-ETO preleukemic program
Authors: Lin Shan , Ptasinska Anetta , Chen Xiaoting , Shrestha Mahesh , Assi Salam A. , Chin Paulynn S. , Imperato Maria R. , Aronow B. J. , Zhang Jingsong , Weirauch Matthew T. , Bonifer Constanze , Mulloy James C. 
Published: July 2017

Key Points
Increased FOXO1 is oncogenic in human CD34+ cells and promotes preleukemia transition. FOXO1 is required by AE preleukemia cells for the activation of a stem cell molecular program.
Red blood cells in hemorrhagic shock: a critical role for glutaminolysis in fueling alanine transamination in rats
Authors: Reisz Julie A. , Slaughter Anne L. , Culp-Hill Rachel , Moore Ernest E. , Silliman Christopher C. , Fragoso Miguel , Peltz Erik D. , Hansen Kirk C. , Banerjee Anirban , D’Alessandro Angelo 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) are the most abundant host cell in the human body and play a critical role in oxygen transport and systemic metabolic homeostasis. Hypoxic metabolic reprogramming of RBCs in response to high-altitude hypoxia or anaerobic storage in the blood bank has been extensively described. However, little is known about the RBC metabolism following hemorrhagic shock (HS), the most common preventable cause of death in trauma, the global leading cause of total life-years lost. Metabolomics analyses were performed through ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry on RBCs from Sprague-Dawley rats undergoing HS (mean arterial pressure [MAP], &lt;30 mm Hg) in comparison with sham rats (MAP, &gt;80 mm Hg). Steady-state measurements were accompanied by metabolic flux analysis upon tracing of in vivo–injected 13C15N-glutamine or inhibition of glutaminolysis using the anticancer drug CB-839. RBC metabolic phenotypes recapitulated the systemic metabolic reprogramming observed in plasma from the same rodent model. Results indicate that shock RBCs rely on glutamine to fuel glutathione (GSH) synthesis and pyruvate transamination, whereas abrogation of glutaminolysis conferred early mortality and exacerbated lactic acidosis and systemic accumulation of succinate, a predictor of mortality in the military and civilian critically ill populations. Glutamine is here identified as an essential amine group donor in HS RBCs, plasma, liver, and lungs, providing additional rationale for the central role glutaminolysis plays in metabolic reprogramming and survival following severe hemorrhage.
Fracture detection via correlating P-wave amplitude variation with offset and azimuth analysis and well data in eastern central Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Gawas Ali H. , Al-Shuhail Abdullatif A. 
Published: July 2017

The late Carboniferous clastic Unayzah-C in eastern central Saudi Arabia is a low-porosity, possibly fractured reservoir. Mapping the Unayzah-C is a challenge due to the low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and limited bandwidth in the conventional 3D seismic data. A related challenge is delineating and characterizing fracture zones within the Unayzah-C. Full-azimuth 3D broadband seismic data were acquired using point receivers, low-frequency sweeps down to 2 Hz, and 6 km patch geometry. The data indicate significant enhancement in continuity and resolution of the reflection data, leading to improved mapping of the Unayzah-C. Because the data set has a rectangular patch geometry with full inline offsets to 6000 m, using amplitude variation with offset and azimuth (AVOA) may be effective to delineate and characterize fracture zones within Unayzah-A and Unayzah-C. The study was undertaken to determine the improvement of wide-azimuth seismic data in fracture detection in clastic reservoirs. The results were validated with available well data including borehole images, well tests, and production data in the Unayzah-A. There are no production data or borehole images within the Unayzah-C. For validation, we had to refer to a comparison of alternative seismic fracture detection methods, mainly curvature and coherence. Anisotropy was found to be weak, which may be due to noise, clastic lithology, and heterogeneity of the reservoirs, in both reservoirs except for along the western steep flank of the study area. These may correspond to some north–south-trending faults suggested by circulation loss and borehole image data in a few wells. The orientation of the long axis of the anisotropy ellipses is northwest–southeast, and it is not in agreement with the north–south structural trend. No correlation was found among the curvature, coherence, and AVOA in Unayzah-A or Unayzah-C. Some possible explanations for the low correlation between the AVOA ellipticity and the natural fractures are a noisy data set, overburden anisotropy, heterogeneity, granulation seams, and deformation.
Symmetrical retrograde actin flow in the actin fusion structure is involved in osteoclast fusion
Authors: Takito Jiro , Otsuka Hirotada , Inoue Satoshi , Kawashima Tsubasa , Nakamura Masanori 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of the zipper-like structure (ZLS), a podosome-related structure that transiently appears at the cell contact zone, in osteoclast fusion. Live-cell imaging of osteoclasts derived from RAW264.7 cells transfected with EGFP-actin revealed consistent symmetrical retrograde actin flow in the ZLS, but not in the podosome cluster, the podosome ring or the podosome belt. Confocal imaging showed that the distributions of F-actin, vinculin, paxillin and zyxin in the ZLS were different from those in the podosome belt. Thick actin filament bundles running outside the ZLS appeared to recruit non-muscle myosin IIA. The F-actin-rich domain of the ZLS contained actin-related protein 2/3 complex (Arp2/3). Inhibition of Arp2/3 activity disorganized the ZLS, disrupted actin flow, deteriorated cell-cell adhesion and inhibited osteoclast hypermultinucleation. In contrast, ML-7, an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase, had little effect on the structure of ZLS and promoted osteoclast hypermultinucleation. These results reveal a link between actin flow in the ZLS and osteoclast fusion. Osteoclast fusion was promoted by branched actin elongation and negatively regulated by actomyosin contraction.
Diagnostic usefulness of low-dose lumbar multi-detector CT with iterative reconstruction in trauma patients: acomparison with standard-dose CT
Authors: Lee Sun Hwa , Yun Seong Jong , Kim Dong Hyeon , Jo Hyeon Hwan , Song Jae Gwang , Park Yong Sung 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
To compare the image quality (IQ), radiation dose and diagnostic reliability of standard-dose and low-dose lumbar spine (L-spine) multi-detector CT (SDCT and LDCT, respectively) with iterative reconstruction (IR) in trauma patients.

Methods:
We retrospectively analysed the data of 263 consecutive patients (male:female, 133:130; mean age, 44.3 years) who underwent SDCT (200–300 mAs; 120 kVp) with IR (n = 126) or LDCT (80–150 mAs; 120 kVp) with IR (n = 137) for suspected L-spine fractures between November 2015 and September 2016. Patients were categorized according to their body mass index, as follows: Group 1, ~22.9 kg m–2; Group 2, 23–24.9 kg m–2 or Group 3, ≥25 kg m–2. We compared the quantitative IQ (signal-to-noise ratio), qualitative IQ (subjective image noise and diagnostic acceptability [4-point rating scale; score 1–4], image sharpness [5-point rating scale; score 1–5]) and diagnostic accuracy between the two scan types. Interobserver agreement was also calculated.

Results:
Overall, SDCT exhibited slightly better diagnostic performance than did LDCT (sensitivity, 96.7–100% vs 94–98.5%; specificity, 95.6–97.0% vs both 95.7%; accuracy, 96.0–98.4%vs94.9–97.1%). However, none of these parameters was significantly different between SDCT and LDCT, either in the whole cohort (p ≥ 0.50) or among the three body mass index groups (p ≥ 0.49). All interobserver agreements were excellent or good (range, 0.776–0.985).

Conclusions:
The diagnostic performance of LDCT with IR for L-spine fractures was comparable to that of SDCT with IR, with a 47–69% reduction in the radiation dose.

Advances in knowledge:
LDCT scan can be used as a diagnostic imaging tool for evaluating trauma patients with suspected L-spine fractures.
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL BASIS OF FORECASTING INTRAURBAN CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSPORT FLOWS
Authors: Болотов  , Bolotov R. , Новиков  , Novikov Ivan , Дорохин  , Dorokhin S. 
Published: July 2017

The article describes the basic methods of research settings traffic. The technique of field studies based on the video-fixing. If further research predicted the possibility of a uniform
methodology for calculating the modes of traffic lights and the development of transport infrastructure of the city of Belgorod and its metropolitan area based on the actual characteristics of
the traffic flow, taking into account the changes in the socio-economic situation
POSSIBLE PROBLEMS OF SAFETY OF TRAFFIC AND SAFETY OF THE TRANSPORTED FREIGHTS BY SELF-DRIVING CARS
Authors: Жуков  , Zhukov O. , Егоров  , Egorov S. 
Published: July 2017

In article the technology which is established on domestic self-driving cars, allowing the
autorobot to see and understand participants of a road scene by the same principles as it is done by
the person, and also possible problems of traffic safety and safety of the transported freights which
can appear at operation of self-driving cars is considered
Macroeconomic Shocks and Corporate R&D
Authors: Burger John D. , Sedgley Norman , Tan Kerry M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact of output and credit market shocks on R&D spending in advanced economies and builds on the commonly accepted view that credit constraints lead to procyclical R&D spending. A theoretical model is developed where output and credit shocks are treated separately, though these shocks may be highly correlated. The estimation procedure utilizes a panel vector autoregression (VAR) in order to empirically identify the role of credit market shocks separately from the output shocks more commonly studied in the existing literature. The primary empirical findings can be summarized as follows: (1) R&D responds pro-cyclically to output shocks at the macroeconomic level, and (2) R&D co-moves positively with credit. More concretely, the results indicate that negative output shocks induce a simultaneous and subsequent contraction in credit and R&D consistent with a model where credit constraints drive cyclical adjustments to R&D. The impact of output and credit shocks on R&D are economically significant and a simulation exercise suggests the shocks associated with the global financial crisis have reduced US R&D by 10% relative to the pre-crisis path.
Enterprise Risk Management in Kosovo’s Banking Sector
Authors: Sahiti Arbana , Sahiti Arben , Aliu Muhamet 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Today risk management plays a vital role in business. Each firm, whether big or small, makes an effort to manage risk more effectively. Risk management is very important in the financial system, especially in banks. Billions of Euros are spent each year on the financial reporting of banks. Banks should implement effective solutions in risk management to mitigate their risks. Great financial debate that originated in the 1990s is reportedly linked to errors that occurred in the banking sector due to poor risk management. It should be noted that today technology plays a key role in risk management and it has already had a positive effect on the financial industry. Analysis of risk and its management has become significant in the Kosovo economy since the post-war period. The nature of the banking business is threatened by risks because more financial products are becoming complicated. The main role of banks is intermediation between those who have resources and those seeking them. Banks face various risks at the corporate level, such as operational, liquidity, legal, credit, and market risks; thus, these risks should be converted into a composite measure. This research aims to determine practices and effects of risk management in the banking sector. Relevant data were collected from banks through questionnaires and telephone interviews; analysis has been conducted using statistical tools. This study will engage both the quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis. Dependent variables will be separated from independent variables, and regression analysis will be used to analyse the quantitative data.
The Mudu Archaic City Site of the Spring-and-Autumn Period in Suzhou City, Jiangsu
Authors: Joint Archaeological Team Of Instit  , Suzhou Municipal Institute Of Archa  
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn 2009 and 2010, a series of archaeological investigations were conducted in and around the Mudu archaic city site located in the southwestern highland of Greater Suzhou, Jiangsu. The excavations revealed sections of the north circumference wall at Wufeng and the water gate of the south circumference wall at Xinfeng. The surveys identified the possible locations of the east and the west circumference walls. Diagnostic proto-porcelain and stamped potsherds were recovered. It is tentatively argued that both the north and the south walls were built and in use during the late Spring-and-Autumn Period. The Mudu Site, therefore, was a large-scale walled settlement functioned as a regional center of its time. These findings are instrumental in the search for the lost capital of Wu State of the Spring-and-Autumn Period, the understanding of the relationship among the various contemporary settlement sites, cairns, earthen mounds, and caches distributed in the region, and the reconstruction of the local cultural history of Eastern Zhou.
A mural tomb of the Northern Qi Dynasty at Shuiquanliang in Shuozhou, Shanxi
Authors: Shanxi Provincial Institute Of Arch  , Shanxi Museum  , Shuozhou Municipal Department Of Cu  , Chongfu Temple Cultural Relics Admi  
Published: July 2017

AbstractFrom June to August 2008, a joint archaeological team excavated a mural tomb at Shuiquanliang Village in Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province. The tomb is situated about 1.5km west of the village. In the tomb, grave goods such as pottery figurines, pottery models and glazed ceramic vessels as well as many well-preserved murals were found. The tomb structure, murals, and tomb furnishings suggest that the tomb was built in the late Northern Qi Dynasty; the occupant of the tomb may have been the military commander of Shuozhou City. This excavation is very important for the study of the history and culture of Shuozhou area in the Northern Qi Dynasty.
On the custom of burying dogs in prehistoric burials
Authors: Guo Zhiwei 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
By careful analyses to the available data to date, this paper discusses the issues on the custom of burying dogs in the burials in the prehistoric times, including the temporal and spatial distribution of dog burials, the different characteristics of the dog burials in different times and regions, the intentions of burying dogs in the human burials and the changes and evolutions of them, and so on, by which this paper suggests the origins of this custom and the cultural inheritance of the cultures in the historic period reflected by the appearances of this custom, and finally puts forward new clues of searching for the place of origin of the Shang civilization.
The Use of LCA Method to Assess Environmental Impact of Sewage Sludge Incineration Plants
Authors: Wielgosiński Grzegorz , Cichowicz Robert , Targaszewska Agata , Wiśniewski Jacek 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLife Cycle Assessment (LCA) is one of the new, little more popular in Poland of elements of environmental management. In the world literature one can find many examples of the use of LCA but mainly for comparison purposes. The paper presents results of LCA analysis made on the basis of data from a running incineration of sewage sludge. Performing a thorough analysis of this process enables improved operational system, including through a better use of the resulting products of combustion, as well as determining the impact of the thermal treatment of sludge on the environment and compared the results with data from the literature. To date, in Poland has not been carried out environmental impact assessments and the process of thermal treatment of both sludge and waste, based on the assumptions of LCA.