bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections among the healthcare workers despite low vaccination coverage for hepatitis B in Mumbai
Authors: Shah Dharmesh K. , Jain Samit S. , Khot Amol A. , Gharat Amit R. , Rajadhyaksha Girish C. , Rathi Pravin M. 
Published: March 2017

<p class="ABS"><span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Background</span><span class="Bold">:</span> The risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections through exposure to blood or its products and contact with other body fluids is high amongst health care workers (HCWs). Despite potential risks, a proportion of HCWs never get vaccinated. This study aimed to investigate the vaccination practices and the prevalence of HBV infection in HCWs. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Aims:</span> To determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV, their possible association with occupational and non-occupational risk factors. We also studied the prevalence of vaccination for hepatitis B in different subgroups of study population. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Materials and Methods:</span> In this cross-sectional study, total 1347 hospital staffs were screened for hepatitis B and hepatitis C. HBV is detected by HBsAg testing, and HCV is detected by anti-HCV testing by ELISA method. Positive results were confirmed by HBV DNA testing (Qualitative) and HCV RNA testing (Qualitative). A questionnaire used to collect data from study participants was pre-designed by the authors. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Results:</span> Out of total 1347 hospital staffs screened, 6 (0.4%) were HBsAg-positive and 2 (0.1%) were anti-HCV-positive. Only 54% had a history of complete vaccination, and 0.3% had incomplete vaccination. Vaccination coverage was highest in residents (76.7%), medical students (68.9%), nursing (66.1%), and teachers (61.4%) and lowest in servants (5.4%), office staff (6.6%), and lab technicians (24.3%). Awareness about the risk factor for transmission of HBV and HCV and complication related to them was 77.7%. It was highest in teachers (93.9%) and residents (97.8%), lowest in servants (16.3%). No statistically significant difference in the exposure to various risk factors among those who are HBsAg or anti-HCV-positive and HBsAg or anti-HCV-negative. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">Conclusions:</span> The prevalence of HBV and HCV infection is not high in hospital staff than general population. Hepatitis B vaccination coverage was below expectation in all the subgroups even in resident doctors and teachers.</p><div> </div>
A clinico- epidemiologic evaluation of pityriasis versicolor from a government hospital, India: conventional methods-still a thumbs up?
Authors: Sharma Yukti , Jain Sanjay , Chandra Kapil , Munegowda Krishna Chandrappa 
Published: March 2017

<p class="ABS">Malassezia furfur, the etiologic agent of pityriasis versicolor (PV), is a superficially occurring, benign, chronic, recurring fungal infection of the stratum corneum with a worldwide distribution. There is limited data from North India regarding prevalence and epidemiology. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">OBJECTIVES:</span> The purpose of this study was to give an overview of the prevalence of fungi-associated skin infections, its clinical profile, and to find out the epidemiological characteristics over a period of 18 months, and to assess the use of conventional methods for diagnosis. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">MATERIALS AND METHODS:</span> For this purpose 300 patients suspected of having superficial mycoses, were evaluated clinically on OPD basis in the Department of Dermatology and diagnosis was confirmed mycologically in Microbiology Department at Hindu Rao Hospital- Delhi. The total duration of study period was 18 months. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">RESULTS: </span>In the present study, 36 (12%) patients were positive for PV. Majority of the patients were young adults. There is prominent seasonal variation of the patients with a peak in August, October, and November. Most of the lesions were hypopigmented macules (83.33%) and were potassium hydroxide positive. Most commonly involved sites were trunk (80.5%), scalp (5.5%), and arm (5.5%). Seborrheic dermatitis sometimes coexisted with PV. Rare areas like groin-involvement (2.7%) were also seen. <span class="ABS_Bold-Italic" lang="en-GB">CONCLUSION:</span> In conclusion, 12% of studied population was positive for tinea versicolor, which is a high prevalence for this disease. The findings of this study indicated that pitriasis versicolor is an important health problem and diagnosis can be easily made on OPD basis using conventional methods.</p>
Substitution of alcohol with carisoprodol: A case for concern
Authors: Pattanayak Raman Deep , Ambekar Atul , Chatterjee Biswadip , Ray Rajat 
Published: March 2017

<span lang="en-GB">Carisoprodol, a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant, is </span><span lang="en-GB">not a controlled substance. Despite some evidence for its abuse, </span><span lang="en-GB">certain aspects, e.g. nature of effects, existence of withdrawals, </span><span lang="en-GB">remain unclear till date. We discuss the case of a </span><span lang="en-GB">middle-aged male who presented with carisoprodol use for 10 </span><span lang="en-GB">years. He reported remarkable similarity of its psychoactive effects with</span><span lang="en-GB"> alcohol leading to carisoprodol as primary drug of preference. Some</span><span lang="en-GB"> withdrawals were also reported which need to be studied further</span><span lang="en-GB">. Awareness for its abuse/dependence potential and ensuring proper regulatory</span><span lang="en-GB"> mechanisms is the need of the hour along with stimulation</span><span lang="en-GB"> of research to resolve the unclear aspects.</span>
Rola zaufania społecznego w kształtowaniu standardu transparentności nadzoru korporacyjnego w spółkach komunalnych
Authors: Zieliński Bartłomiej 
Published: March 2017

Ocenie funkcjonowania nadzoru korporacyjnego w Polsce poświęcono wiele publikacji. Zagadnienie to w sposób pośredni dotyczy każdego człowieka, szczególnie wtedy, gdy mowa jest o nadzorze na spółkami komunalnymi. Artykuł stanowi próbę przedstawienia idei zaufania społecznego jako istotnego elementu w nadzorze korporacyjnym spółek kapitałowych z udziałem jednostek samorządu terytorialnego. Zauważona jest w nim konieczność podnoszenia standardów w zakresie transparentności w takich przedsiębiorstwach. Artykuł jest także propozycją uwzględnienia teorii socjologicznych w badaniach nad nadzorem korporacyjnym.
Pemikiran Islam Kontemporer Abdullah Saeed dan Implementasinya dalam Persoalan Murtad
Authors: Musif Ach 
Published: March 2017

Western media coverage on Islam and especially on terror attacks by Muslims has been exaggerated and pejorative. This stereotyping has portrayed Islam as problems. First, Islam is seen as sluggish in responding modernity and the advance of science and knowledge so it always lacks behind the West. Second, Islam is associated with extremism and terrorism which are incompatible with the West. Therefore, the emergence of rational thinking and cosmopolitan approach to Islam promoted by Muslim reformists, such as Abdullah Saeed, are very urgent to encounter such stereotype and discourse on Islam in the West. This article examines Saeed’s method called “progressive Islam”. By taking one example of conversion (murtād), this article elucidates how the method of ijtihād progressive is applied in one of the most controversial topics in Islamic law. This study shows that the law on murtād, as it was introduced by classical Muslim jurists, is now adopted by Muslim countries. However, such adoption does not have a sound ground on the Qur’anic texts and the Sunnah.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v19i1.1251
A metodologia “maiêutica recíproca” di Danilo Dolci
Authors: Benelli Caterine 
Published: March 2017

Danilo Dolci foi um educador-comunicador que contribuiu para o desenvolvimento social das classes menos favorecidas por meio de uma metodologia de educação para a paz, para o diálogo e de luta (não-violenta) pelos Direitos Humanos em época e lugares difíceis: trata-se da Sicília dos anos cinquenta do século XX. Dolci, em quase cinquenta anos de atividade educativa e social no território local, nacional e internacional, promove um método educativo e busca, através da investigação de fundo, pesquisar a verdade e a justiça e, ao mesmo tempo, o uso do dispositivo pedagógico definido por Dolci como “maiêutico-recíproco”: método para a promoção da emancipação da comunidade e do direito de todos à palavra, sem exceção. Uma metodologia educativa e social, como a de Dolci, nos recorda o compromisso de Don Lorenzo Milani na sua escola de Barbiana e, ao mesmo tempo, a educação como conscientização de Paulo Freire no Brasil.Palavras-chave: Direito à voz; formação recíproca; emancipação da comunidade.
A Sociological Study of Health Consciousness among the Senior Citizens: With Special Reference to Radhey Green Colony of Dayalbagh Area of Agra City
Authors: Thenua Birpal Singh 
Published: March 2017

<em>Health is one of the most important assets of human being and can be viewed as prerequisite for individual and national development. It is popular saying in Indian Society since ancient times ‘Health is the wealth’. It is true even today. The expansion of Yoga, meditation and modern health technology through mass-media, people are being more and more aware toward their health. Our government is also aware for wellbeing of health of our every individual including senior citizens. Senior citizens are the assets and heritage of our society as they have a long experience of socio-economic, cultural and environment issues. Society cares their health and lives and makes them conscious towards their health. Their health depends on their consciousness. But the health consciousness among senior citizens is a complex phenomenon and heterogeneous process determined by a number of physical, emotional, biological and socio-cultural factors. It is a subjective mental attention toward one’s health, hygiene and environment. </em>
Use of Remote Sensing Radar Techniques for Oil and Gas O&G Facilities Survey in Offshore Domain for Environment and Exploration: Oil Slicks Detection and Interpretation Seeps and Spill
Authors: Miegebielle V. , Dubucq D. , Taillandier C. , Angeliaume S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Airborne and spaceborne radar remote sensing means are used in an operational context for oil slicks detection. Indeed, the oil layer above the surface of the sea will dampen the so-called "capillarity waves" which are the origin of the sea surface roughness. The objective of this paper is to present remote sensing technologies and methodologies developed within Total to detect and cope with oil slicks issues in the off shore domain, in collaboration with ONERA The works realized in this domain will be presented through ‘field cases’ as well as R&D results, related to the emergence of new techniques, made in collaboration with the ONERA. We work in particular on the evaluation of the most relevant polarimetric parameters for slicks detection and characterization. We are also interested in the use of the various radar frequencies (X, L Bands…) for the detection, characterization and the estimation of relative thickness. Finally, in case of significant leakage, we will present ‘Spill Watch’, the internal procedure, activated to follow and to predict oil slick drift to determine areas where antipollution teams must intervene.
The availability of numerous data images, in particular ESA Sentinel-1 A and Sentinel 1-B satellite data, free access data, open new perspectives in the monitoring field.
The need for the oversight of our operations and the surveillance of our installations can be now covered with an important repetitiveness thanks to the high frequency of acquisitions of this new type of data as a complement to commercial data (Cosmo SkyMed, Radarsat, TerraSarX…) programmed and acquired by SAR operators. Today, the possibility of daily satellite acquisition in any defined area of the world thanks to satellite constellations, allows to set up a systematic oil production facilities monitoring for: –Detecting hydrocarbon leaks and their recurrence (rejecting look alike such as algal blooming wind and current effects…)–Locate the source of the slick relative to the location of O&G infrastructures–Identify and discriminate possible origins of the slicks : natural seeps, spill linked to oil facilities, boat emptying of fuel tanks–Evaluate leak magnitude and their evolution with time (drifting)
The teams need constant refinement of these tools because of the importance of the issue and the support for Environment and Exploration domains [1]. A major research program has been initiated to improved reliability of detection methods, discrimination and why not quantification… of oil slicks including SAR and optical technologies, calibration on real data and software development.
Different Equivalent Simulation Methods for Fractured-Vuggy Carbonate Gas Condensate Reservoirs
Authors: Yong Li , Baozhu Li , Qi Wang , Xingliang Deng 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Multi-scale pores, fractures, vugs and caves are developed in the naturally fractured-vuggy carbonate gas condensate reservoirs in China. How to properly forecast the performance of this kind of reservoirs based on reservoir simulation is a major challenge. This paper documents some of the key elements involved in construction of a representative and equivalent numerical model for this kind of reservoirs.
Base on the characteristic of fractured-vuggy gas condensate reservoirs in China, different kind of reservoir patterns are identified. And three equivalent simulation methods are proposed in order to characterize the complex vug-fracture-cave architecture. Take T1 fractured-vuggy carbonate gas condensate reservoir in China for example. The deterministic modeling and simulation method is used for large cave pattern reservoir. While for the other kinds of reservoirs, different simulation models include fine single porosity model, dual porosity model with different modeling method. And the different models are all built in both structured and unstructured grid, among which the single porosity fine unstructured grid model is considered as the correct solution. But simulation time of the fine single porosity model is too long to use for the practical full filed simulation. While it brings certain errors if the other models used compared to the fine single porosity model, and dual porosity model with structured gridding are selected as the equivalent simulation method. Then through matching the simulation results of fine single porosity model, the pseudo-relative-permeability curve, the pseudo-capillary-pressure curve and the composition transport coefficients are established for the dual porosity model. Finally, the generated pseudo-curves are applied for the equivalent simulation of full field T1 reservoir.
This equivalent simulation method has been successfully applied to T1 carbonate gas condensate reservoir, which are verified by the actual reservoir performance. It also provide a method for reservoir development strategy optimization, which are also used in T1 optimization development plan later.
Wettability Estimation by Surface Complexation Simulations
Authors: Erzuah Samuel , Fjelde Ingebret , Omekeh Aruoture Voke 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Accurate wettability estimation is essential in optimizing oil production, because it controls the fluid phase distribution and flow properties in the reservoir. The ionic composition of the brine, the oil chemistry and the mineralogy of the reservoir rock are believed to have weighty effect on the wettability. In this study, the objective was to estimate the wettability by Surface Complexation Modelling (SCM). The simulation results were confirmed by the findings from their corresponding wettability estimation using the flotation technique. Quartz, kaolinite and calcite minerals were selected for this study because they dominated the compositions of the studied reservoir rock. Both the SCM and the flotation test results elucidate the role of the reservoir rock mineralogy, the composition of the Formation Water (FW) and the oil chemistry on wettability estimation. The simulation results show that quartz is strongly water-wet while calcite is also strongly oil-wet which is consistent with the flotation test results. The kaolinite on the other hand was less water-wet as compared to quartz but more water-wet as compared to calcite. The SCM results show that oil adhesion is due to bridging by divalent ions when the mineral surface and oil-brine interface have similar charge. The oil adhesion was observed to increase with increase in divalent ion concentration. For positively charged mineral surface such as calcite, direct adsorption of carboxylic acid was the dominating mechanism for oil adhesion. Nevertheless, divalent ions bridging mechanism also occurred for the electrostatic pair linkages in calcite. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that the surface charge of the mineral has an overriding effect on oil adhesion compared to the oil-brine interface. To add to the above, the carboxylic acid has a huge influence on the wetting properties of the minerals than the basic counterpart. This is mainly due to pH of the studied systems. SCM provides a cost-effective technique of estimating the wettability of minerals at reservoir conditions. Finally, the SCM approach of characterizing the wettability can be used to screen possible injection water compositions to assess their potential to alter the wettability of the reservoir rock surface to more water-wet. Thus, compelling the adsorbed oil to be released, mobilized and produced with the injected water.
Optimization of Hydraulic Fracturing and Production Enhancement: Case Studies for US Shale Plays and Tight Sand Reservoirs
Authors: Bagci S. , Castro L. , Flores J. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Plug and Perf (PnP) has been predominant for years as the preferred completion method for unconventional reservoirs. However this technique can be costly and time consuming. The Coiled Tubing Activated Frac Sleeves (CTAFS) technique utilizes fracture sleeves that can be hydraulically opened using coiled tubing and fractured through the annuls, minimizing time between stages and reducing total fluid consumption.
This paper evaluates the fracturing and production performance of the Plug and Perf technique compared to Coiled Tubing Activated Fracture Sleeves (CTAFS) in a US shale oil play (Eagle Ford) and in tight sand reservoirs (Cotton Valley, Bone Spring and Granite Wash).
It focuses on a strategy of improving ultimate recovery by using fracturing modeling, proper completion selection and field data to determine the optimal stage spacing of the multistage completion systems (PnP and CTAFS). The fracture models were created using existing logs and geomechanical modeling results in the surrounding area to create an optimal geometric spacing for the stages. The basics of the primary multistage completion systems are discussed and briefly compared from an operations point of view. Effective fracture dimensions can be achieved by selecting better locations for the stage clusters in Plug ad Perf and single fracture injection points using Coiled Tubing Activated Frac Sleeves (CTAFS). Fracture treatment schedules for each completion technique are recommended in terms of proppant type, concentration, fracture fluid type and volume.
Two different fracture treatments were used to analyze the effect of fracturing fluid and completion type on fracture geometry. Coiled Tubing Activated Frac Sleeves with an optimized fracture treatment schedule outperformed the PnP as it fully controls fracture placement, leading to bigger drainage areas. For PnP, cumulative production decreased with an increasing number of clusters and the less efficiency of the stages on productivity. Adding more sleeves accelerated the EUR because of a larger drainage area. The CTAFS technique allowed tighter spacing of frac stages and ensured that the fracture was created at the sleeve in contrast to PnP technique in which some zones could remain untreated.
Understanding Penetration Behavior of Microemulsions Into Shale Nanopores
Authors: Bui Khoa , Akkutlu I. Yucel , Zelenev Andrei S. , Silas James 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Resource shales have low permeability matrix with nanoporous features. At nano scale in situ fluids experience strong fluid-wall interactions and confinement effects. The hydrocarbons recovery from the nanopore network is therefore limited. Microemulsions are known to be effective in stimulating oil and gas production from non-conventional reservoirs, however their mechanisms of action, as well as their ability to penetrate into nanosize pores of shale matrix during an operation such as hydraulic fracturing needs to be investigated. In this paper, we investigate the conditions for the microemulsion droplet penetration into model nanopores, identify the penetration mechanisms and, following their penetration, analyze their interactions with model organic and inorganic walls, and study their behavior in confinement.
Molecular dynamics simulation is employed to simulate the behavior of a nanodroplet dispersion facing a solid surface. The model nanodroplets comprise swollen micelles of C12E7 nonionic surfactant with the d-limonene solvent solubilized in their cores. An oil-wet solid surface is modeled using graphite to represent hydrophobic kerogen in shale, and a water-wet solid surface is modeled using brucite to represent hydrophilic inorganic materials in shale. These surfaces are considered to have nanocapillaries with varying sizes, available for the microemulsion penetration experiment. Our results indicate that penetration into capillaries with sizes less than 10 nm is strongly influenced by the wettability of the solid surface. In the case of an oil-wet solid surface the droplets adsorb on the surfaces and hence impact the penetration ability. In the case of a water-wet surface, however, microemulsion droplets effectively penetrate into the nanocapillaries. The droplets are capable of penetrating into the capillaries that are smaller than their own size. In both of these two cases, the solubilized solvent and the surfactant are delivered into a tight nanocapillary network and come into contact with the in situ hydrocarbons. This research can be extended to include ionic surfactants, varying salinity, and more complex solid surfaces to develop the next generation microemulsions with superior performance in enhancing oil production from the unconventional reservoirs.