bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhance the Proportion of Fe3+ in NiFe‐Layered Double Hydroxides by utilizing Citric Acid to Improve the Efficiency and Durability of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Li Guoqi , Li Lin , Zhang Jihao , Shan Shiran , Yuan Chunze , Weng Tsu‐Chien 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNiFe‐layered double hydroxides (NiFe‐LDH) are a type of catalyst known for their exceptional catalytic performance during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, citric acid was incorporated into the synthesis process of NiFe‐LDH, resulting in the NiFe‐LDH‐CA catalyst with superior OER performance. The catalytic efficacy was evaluated using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), which demonstrated a significant reduction in the overpotential for OER from 320 mV to 240 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm−2. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) indicate that the distribution of nickel valence states showed no significant difference between two samples. However, the NiFe‐LDH‐CA exhibits a markedly higher proportion of Fe3+ ions in its iron content. In‐situ Raman spectroscopes reveal that Fe3+ broadens the redox potential of nickel and Pourbaix diagrams indicate that higher Fe3+ levels could facilitate the interaction with oxygen active sites. Based on the analysis of test data, we propose a hypothesis that the high proportion of Fe3+ in catalysts may accelerate the oxygen evolution process by modulating the redox potential of nickel and engaging with reactive oxygen species. This provides valuable insights into how to improve the reaction rate of nickel‐based catalysts.
Mn−Fe Dual‐Metal Assemblages on Carbon‐Coated Al2O3 Spheres for Catalytic Ozonation Oxidation: Structure, Performance, and Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Xu Tao , Jiang Meihui , Mo Siyu , Wang Xianhui , Ren Tianlin , Liu Zhichen , Wang Zhicheng , Qiu Yicheng , Gu Lingying , Wang Xu , Mao Xuhui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCatalysts with high catalytic activity and low production cost are important for industrial application of heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO). In this study, we designed a carbon‐coated aluminum oxide carrier (C‐Al2O3) and reinforced it with Mn−Fe bimetal assemblages to prepare a high‐performance catalyst Mn−Fe/C‐Al2O3. The results showed that the carbon embedding significantly improved the abundance of surface oxygen functional groups, conductivity, and adsorption capacity of γ‐Al2O3, while preserving its exceptional mechanical strength as a carrier. The prepared Mn−Fe/C‐Al2O3 catalyst exhibited satisfactory catalytic ozonation activity and stability in the degradation of p‐nitrophenol (PNP). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching experiments reveal that radical ( ⋅ OH and ⋅ O2 ⋅ ) and nonradical oxidation (1O2) dominated the PNP degradation process. Theoretical calculations corroborated that the anchored atomic Fe and Mn sites regulated the local electronic structure of the catalyst. This modulation effectively promoted the activation of O3 molecules, resulting in the generation of atomic oxygen species (AOS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The economic analysis on Mn−Fe/C‐Al2O3 revealed that it was a cost‐competitive catalyst for HCO. This study not only deepens the understanding on the reaction mechanism of HCO with transition metal/carbon composite catalysts, also provides a high‐performance and cost‐competitive ozone catalyst for prospective application.
Four‐port dual CP MIMO antenna with enhanced isolation for 5G applications
Authors: Koçer Mustafa , Günel Tayfun 
Published: September 2024

SummaryIn this paper, a 4 × 4 MIMO (multiple‐input multiple‐output) antenna with metasurface (MS), which is composed of dual circularly polarized (CP) patch antennas, is proposed for 5G (sub‐6 GHz) applications. The MIMO antenna consists of four microstrip patch antennas. In order to improve the isolation of the MIMO antenna, parasitic elements are placed on the MS and layer of patch antennas. In addition, a substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) structure is used at the center of the MIMO antenna for this purpose. The proposed MIMO antenna is fabricated for validation tests. The antenna has overall dimensions of 115 mm × 115 mm × 3.2 mm (1.219 × 1.219 × 0.033, where is the free space wavelength at the lowest operating frequency in 10‐dB impedance bandwidth). The MIMO antenna has 10‐dB impedance bandwidth (IBW) from 3.3 to 3.8 GHz (14.08%), 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) from 3.42 to 3.69 GHz (7.59%), and 6.36‐dBi peak gain. The isolation is greater than 28.14 dB in the n78 frequency band (3.3–3.8 GHz).
Image J as the quantification tool in endosonography strain elastography may be reflected in the disturbance of endocrine pancreatic dysfunction
Authors: Nakamura Ken , Futagami Seiji , Agawa Shuhei , Watanabe Yoshiyuki , Tanabe Tomohide , Onda Takeshi , Habiro Mayu , Kawawa Rie , Kirita Kumiko , Ueki Nobue , Iwakiri Katsuhiko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesPancreatic fibrosis is one of the main pathological features of chronic pancreatitis (CP), suggesting a strong relationship between CP and pancreatic ductal cancer. There was no available data about pancreatic fibrosis and pancreatic dysfunction in the early CP (ECP) using endosonography (EUS).MethodsAsymptomatic patients with pancreatic enzyme abnormalities (AP‐P; n = 56) and patients with ECP (n = 21) were determined by the absence of abnormal findings on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, abdominal ultrasonography, and abdominal computed tomography. An Olympus EUS (GF‐UCT 260; Olympus) was used to perform EUS. Open software “Image J”, developed by NIH, was used to measure the surface area fraction of the designated elastic blue region. The maximum value among the pancreatic head, pancreatic body, and pancreatic tail was defined as the ELST‐blue score. The exocrine and endocrine pancreatic functions were evaluated using the N‐benzoyl‐l‐tyrosyl‐p‐aminobenzoic acid (BT‐PABA) test and homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function (HOMA‐β) value, respectively.ResultsEUS score, lobularity, and hyperechoic foci/strands in patients with ECP were significantly (p < 0.001) higher than those in patients with AP‐P. In addition, there were no significant differences in the BT‐PABA test (73.1 ± 25.5, 68.5 ± 15.6) and HOMA‐β (93.1 ± 67.4, 73.5 ± 139.7) between patients with ECP and AP‐P. The ELST‐blue score measured by image J as the quantification tool in EUS strain elastography in patients with ECP was significantly higher (p = 0.002) than that in patients with AP‐P. Interestingly, the ELST‐blue score was significantly associated with HOMA‐β in patients with ECP.ConclusionsThe ELST‐blue score may be a useful tool for the evaluation of endocrine pancreatic dysfunction in the ECP.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for hypopharyngeal cancer simultaneous with immunotherapy for renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Hirao Tatsuro , Kikuchi Daisuke , Yamashita Satoshi , Takeda Hidehiko , Watanabe Kenta , Miura Yuji , Hoteya Shu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe report a case of a man who was diagnosed with superficial hypopharyngeal cancer and recurrence of renal cell carcinoma in the duodenum, liver, and gluteus medius muscle simultaneously. He underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for hypopharyngeal cancer in parallel with systemic immunotherapy for recurrent renal cell carcinoma, resulting in completely overcoming both malignancies. Endoscopic submucosal dissection is less invasive and can be performed in a shorter duration for treating superficial hypopharyngeal cancer compared with other treatment options, such as radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Additionally, endoscopic submucosal carcinoma is adequately effective in controlling local lesions and has a satisfactorily good prognosis.
Global change experiments in mountain ecosystems: A systematic review
Authors: Dainese Matteo , Crepaz Harald , Bottarin Roberta , Fontana Veronika , Guariento Elia , Hilpold Andreas , Obojes Nikolaus , Paniccia Chiara , Scotti Alberto , Seeber Julia , Steinwandter Michael , Tappeiner Ulrike , Niedrist Georg 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMountain ecosystems play an important role globally as centers of biodiversity and in providing ecosystem services to lowland populations, but are influenced by multiple global change drivers such as climate change, nitrogen deposition, or altered disturbance regimes. As global change is accelerating and the consequences for humans and nature are intensifying, there is an increasing demand for understanding and predicting the impacts and implications of global change on mountain ecosystems. Manipulation experiments are one of the major tools for testing the causal impacts of global change and establishing a mechanistic understanding of how these changes may transform the global biota from single organisms to entire ecosystems. Over the past three decades, hundreds of such experiments have been conducted in mountainous regions worldwide. To strengthen the experimental evidence for the possible ecological consequences of global change, we systematically reviewed the literature on global change experiments in mountains. We first investigated the spread of manipulation experiments to test the effects of different global change drivers on key biological and ecological processes from the organism to the ecosystem level. We then examined and discussed the balance of evidence regarding the impact of these global change drivers on biological and ecological processes, and outlined the possible consequences for mountain ecosystems. Finally, we identified research gaps and proposed future directions for global change research in mountain environments. Among the major drivers, temperature was manipulated most frequently, generally showing consistent strong impacts between biological and ecosystem processes, functional groups, and habitat types. There is also strong evidence suggesting that changes in water and nutrient availability have a direct impact on the life history and functioning of mountain organisms. Despite these important findings, there are several gaps that require urgent attention. These include experiments testing adult trees in tropical and boreal regions, assessing animal responses and biotic interactions, and investigating aquatic environments and soil systems more extensively. A broader approach that integrates experimental data with field observations and relies on international collaboration through coordinated experiments could help address these gaps and provide a more consistent and robust picture of the impacts of global change on mountain ecosystems.
Chiral 1D Cyanide‐Bridged Bimetallic Compounds Build With Enantiomorphic Pentagonal Bipyrimidal M(II) Units
Authors: Martinez Dylan , Pichon Céline , Duhayon Carine , Béreau Virginie , Yamaguchi Hironori , Sutter Jean‐Pascal 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChiral 1D coordination compounds formed by association of either of the enantiomers of [ML(MeOH)Cl]Cl (with M=MnII or FeII; L stands for either R or S enantiomer of a pentadentate macrocycle) and NBu4[FeIII(bpb)(CN)2], namely: 1D‐[{FeIII(bpb)(CN)2}{MII(LR)}](PF6) and 1D‐[{FeIII(bpb)(CN)2}{MII(LS)}](PF6) with M=Mn (2R, 2S) and Fe (3R, 3S). The bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium salt of the metallo‐ligand, PNP[FeIII(bpb)(CN)2]⋅2H2O, 1 b, is also described. Their preparations, crystal structures, optical and magnetic properties are reported. Mössbauer spectroscopy confirmed the oxidation state in the [FeII−FeIII] chain, for which AC susceptibility suggests SCM behavior, but for very low T.
Visible‐Light‐Driven Glycosylation Mediated by Trifluoromethyl Thianthrenium Triflate with Thioglycoside Donors
Authors: Liu Ruina , Zou Fei , Zhang Tianyu , Fan Zefei , Wu Yandan , Zhao Yihua , Ni Guanghui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn efficient photoredox‐catalyzed glycosylation using a p‐tolyl thioglycoside donor in the presence of trifluoromethyl thianthrenium triflate (TT‐CF3+TfO−) has been investigated. This approach involves generating a trifluoromethyl radical via single electron transfer between TT‐CF3+TfO− and the photocatalyst Rose Bengal, thereby activating thioglycosides and facilitating glycosylation. This method operates under mild reaction conditions and tolerates a variety of functional groups.
Stereoselective Synthesis of (Z)‐β‐Thioenamide from (Z)‐Enamide‐Iodines and Thiols under Mild Conditions
Authors: Liang Hong , Yang Xue‐Xue , Chen Lian‐Mei , Chen Xing‐Yu , Guo Xiao‐Qiang , Kang Tai‐Ran 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe (Z)‐β‐thioenamides is a valuable motif in many drugs. However, it's stereoselective synthesis is still facing challenge. Herein, we firstly reported a general and efficient approach for highly stereoselective synthesis of them by using (Z)‐enamide‐iodines with thiols under transition metal‐free conditions.
The feasibility of using national‐scale datasets for classifying wetlands in Arizona with machine learning
Authors: Soulard Christopher E. , Walker Jessica J. , Smith Britt W. , Kreitler Jason 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe advent of machine learning techniques has led to a proliferation of landscape classification products. These approaches can fill gaps in wetland inventories across the United States (U.S.) provided that large reference datasets are available to develop accurate models. In this study, we tested the feasibility of expediting the classification process by sourcing requisite training and testing data from existing national‐scale land cover maps instead of customized sample sets. We created a single map of water and wetland presence by intersecting water and wetland classes from available land cover products (National Wetland Inventory, Gap Analysis Project, National Land Cover Database and Dynamic Surface Water Extent) across the U.S. state of Arizona, which has fewer wetland‐specific mapping products than other parts of the U.S. We derived classified samples for four wetland classes from the combined map: open water, herbaceous wetlands, wooded wetlands and non‐wetland cover. In Google Earth Engine, we developed a random forest model that combined the training data with spatial predictor variables, including vegetation greenness indices, wetness indices, seasonal index variation, topographic parameters and vegetation height metrics. Results show that the final model separates the four classes with an overall accuracy of 86.2%. The accuracy suggests that existing datasets can be effectively used to compile machine learning training samples to map wetlands in arid landscapes in the U.S. These methods hold promise for the generation of wetland inventories at more frequent intervals, which could allow more nuanced investigations of wetland change over time in response to anthropogenic and climatic drivers.
Predicting Lung Cancer in Korean Never‐Smokers With Polygenic Risk Scores
Authors: Kim Juyeon , Park Young Sik , Kim Jin Hee , Hong Yun‐Chul , Kim Young‐Chul , Oh In‐Jae , Jee Sun Ha , Ahn Myung‐Ju , Kim Jong‐Won , Yim Jae‐Joon , Won Sungho 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTIn the last few decades, genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) with more than 10,000 subjects have identified several loci associated with lung cancer and these loci have been used to develop novel risk prediction tools for cancer. The present study aimed to establish a lung cancer prediction model for Korean never‐smokers using polygenic risk scores (PRSs); PRSs were calculated using a pruning‐thresholding‐based approach based on 11 genome‐wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Overall, the odds ratios tended to increase as PRSs were larger, with the odds ratio of the top 5% PRSs being 1.71 (95% confidence interval: 1.31–2.23) using the 40%–60% percentile group as the reference, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction model being of 0.76 (95% confidence interval: 0.747–0.774). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the prediction model with and without PRSs as covariates were compared using DeLong's test, and a significant difference was observed. Our results suggest that PRSs can be valuable tools for predicting the risk of lung cancer.
Exploring and Accounting for Genetically Driven Effect Heterogeneity in Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Jaitner Annika , Tsaneva‐Atanasova Krasimira , Freathy Rachel M. , Bowden Jack 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMendelian randomization (MR) is a framework to estimate the causal effect of a modifiable health exposure, drug target or pharmaceutical intervention on a downstream outcome by using genetic variants as instrumental variables. A crucial assumption allowing estimation of the average causal effect in MR, termed homogeneity, is that the causal effect does not vary across levels of any instrument used in the analysis. In contrast, the science of pharmacogenetics seeks to actively uncover and exploit genetically driven effect heterogeneity for the purposes of precision medicine. In this study, we consider a recently proposed method for performing pharmacogenetic analysis on observational data—the Triangulation WIthin a STudy (TWIST) framework—and explore how it can be combined with traditional MR approaches to properly characterise average causal effects and genetically driven effect heterogeneity. We propose two new methods which not only estimate the genetically driven effect heterogeneity but also enable the estimation of a causal effect in the genetic group with and without the risk allele separately. Both methods utilise homogeneity‐respecting and homogeneity‐violating genetic variants and rely on a different set of assumptions. Using data from the ALSPAC study, we apply our new methods to estimate the causal effect of smoking before and during pregnancy on offspring birth weight in mothers whose genetics mean they find it (relatively) easier or harder to quit smoking.
Comparative effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of endoscopic nasopharyngectomy versus intensity‐modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A microsimulation analysis
Authors: Rui Mingjun , Wang Yingcheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a significant health concern in southern China, like Guangdong and Hong Kong. This study aims to predict the effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness of two prevalent NPC treatments, intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and endoscopic nasopharyngectomy (ENPG).MethodsA microsimulation model was developed to project the long‐term outcomes of IMRT and ENPG, simulating 5000 patients with hypothetical locally recurrent NPC for each treatment option. The tumors of patients confined to the nasopharyngeal cavity, the post‐naris or nasal septum, the superficial parapharyngeal space, or the base wall of the sphenoid sinus. Analyses were performed from the healthcare system perspectives of Mainland China and the healthcare provider perspective of Hong Kong, with input parameters sourced from the existing literature and databases. The robustness of findings was evaluated through one‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.ResultsFor DFS, ENPG showed a 29% reduction in risk with an HR of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.64–0.77) compared to IMRT. ENPG demonstrated a significant survival benefit in OS with an HR of 0.59 (95% CI: 0.54–0.65), equating to a 41% reduction in mortality risk. In Hong Kong, IMRT and ENPG yielded QALY gains of 4.59 and 6.29, respectively, with ENPG exhibiting an incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICUR) of USD 13 057 per QALY. For Mainland China, ENPG denominated the IMRT and the ICUR was USD −1450 QALY. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed a 100% probability of ENPG being cost‐effective at the willingness‐to‐pay thresholds of USD 130 490 per QALY in Hong Kong and USD 12 741 per QALY in Mainland China.ConclusionThe analysis confirms that ENPG is more effective and cost‐effective than IMRT for treating recurrent NPC in both Hong Kong and Mainland China.
Role of TREM1 in the sevoflurane‐induced inflammatory activation of microglia in vitro
Authors: Tang Chunchun , Zhu Yuhang , Liu Dexing , Zheng Xue , Jiang Junli , Yu Wanqiu , Zhang Yinan , Chen Dongqin , Zhu Zhaoqiong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPerioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are one of the most common complications in perioperative patients, and neuroinflammatory reaction mediated by microglia plays a key role in their formation, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Given that the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM1) is a key regulator of inflammation, this study aimed to observe the role of TREM1 on the sevoflurane‐induced inflammatory activation in microglia. BV2 microglia were subjected to varying sevoflurane concentrations and durations to assess their viability using CCK8 and the expression of TREM1, iNOS, and ARG using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Additionally, TREM1 knockdown lentivirus was employed to examine its impacts on microglia response to sevoflurane and altered expression of inflammatory markers, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, TGF‐β, IL‐10, iNOS, and ARG, as detected using qRT‐PCR and immunofluorescence for INOS/Iba‐1 and ARG/Iba‐1. Our findings underscore the potent inflammatory activation induced by prolonged, high‐concentration sevoflurane exposure on microglia. We highlight the potential role of TREM1 as a modulator of microglial polarization and a potential target for the treatment and prevention of sevoflurane‐induced PNDs.
Circulating tryptophan–kynurenine pathway metabolites are associated with all‐cause mortality among patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer
Authors: Damerell Victoria , Klaassen‐Dekker Niels , Brezina Stefanie , Ose Jennifer , Ulvik Arve , van Roekel Eline H. , Holowatyj Andreana N. , Baierl Andreas , Böhm Jürgen , Bours Martijn J. L. , Brenner Hermann , de Wilt Johannes H. W. , Grady William M. , Habermann Nina , Hoffmeister Michael , Keski‐Rahkonen Pekka , Lin Tengda , Schirmacher Peter , Schrotz‐King Petra , Ulrich Alexis B. , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J. B. , Warby Christy A. , Shibata David , Toriola Adetunji T. , Figueiredo Jane C. , Siegel Erin M. , Li Christopher I. , Gsur Andrea , Kampman Ellen , Schneider Martin , Ueland Per M. , Weijenberg Matty P. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Kok Dieuwertje E. , Gigic Biljana ,   FOCUS Consortium
Published: September 2024

AbstractAlterations within the tryptophan–kynurenine metabolic pathway have been linked to the etiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the relevance of this pathway for prognostic outcomes in CRC patients needs further elucidation. Therefore, we investigated associations between circulating concentrations of tryptophan–kynurenine pathway metabolites and all‐cause mortality among CRC patients. This study utilizes data from 2102 stage I–III CRC patients participating in six prospective cohorts involved in the international FOCUS Consortium. Preoperative circulating concentrations of tryptophan, kynurenine, kynurenic acid (KA), 3‐hydroxykynurenine (HK), xanthurenic acid (XA), 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid (HAA), anthranilic acid (AA), picolinic acid (PA), and quinolinic acid (QA) were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, we examined associations of above‐mentioned metabolites with all‐cause mortality, adjusted for potential confounders. During a median follow‐up of 3.2 years (interquartile range: 2.2–4.9), 290 patients (13.8%) deceased. Higher blood concentrations of tryptophan, XA, and PA were associated with a lower risk of all‐cause mortality (per doubling in concentrations: tryptophan: HR = 0.56; 95%CI:0.41,0.76, XA: HR = 0.74; 95%CI:0.64,0.85, PA: HR = 0.76; 95%CI:0.64,0.92), while higher concentrations of HK and QA were associated with an increased risk of death (per doubling in concentrations: HK: HR = 1.80; 95%CI:1.47,2.21, QA: HR = 1.31; 95%CI:1.05,1.63). A higher kynurenine‐to‐tryptophan ratio, a marker of cell‐mediated immune activation, was associated with an increased risk of death (per doubling: HR = 2.07; 95%CI:1.52,2.83). In conclusion, tryptophan–kynurenine pathway metabolites may be prognostic markers of survival in CRC patients.