bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Microstructure on Thermal Conduction within Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes using Discrete Element Method Simulations
Authors: Sangrós Clara , Schilde Carsten , Kwade Arno 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHeat transfer within lithium‐ion‐battery electrodes constitutes an important issue regarding not only battery performance but also safety aspects. The objective of this study is to gain insight into the thermal behavior of particles forming lithium‐ion electrodes to understand the effect of microstructural parameters on heat conduction and, ultimately, improve electrode design. To this end, a discrete element method (DEM) approach is proposed in which a contact model is included. Thus, individual particles are modelled within the electrode and their temperature values are tracked just after the copper substrate, on which the particles are coated, is heated from 273 to 350 K. Furthermore, by adjusting numerous simulations with different structural parameters, namely porosity, particle size, and electrode thickness, the effect of these parameters on the heating rate is investigated.
Throughfall enrichment and stream nutrient chemistry in small headwater catchments with different land cover in southern Chile
Authors: Hervé‐Fernandez Pedro , Oyarzún Carlos E. , Woelfl Stefan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLand cover changes have a great impact on nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) fluxes catchments. In this study, we wanted to compare different land covers: deciduous (D), evergreen (E) (both native forests), and exotic Eucalyptus globulus plantation (EP), affected precipitation, and stream discharge on N and P species concentrations and fluxes, under a low deposition climate in south‐central Chile. For this, we collected bulk precipitation, throughfall, and stream water samples after 41 rainfall events in E and EP, during the period June 2009–March 2011, and 31 rainfall events in D, during the period October 2009–March 2011. The highest canopy enrichment of N and P species for throughfall was observed in deciduous forest, while E. globulus showed the minimum enrichment. Total nitrogen (total‐N) discharge in EP was about 8.6 times higher than that of E and D catchments. Total‐N annual retention was positive only in E and D catchments. However, EP catchment showed a net loss (−4.79 kg N ha/year). The biggest difference was observed in nitrate stream concentrations, which showed low values for E (3.4 ± 1.3 μg/L), while EP and D showed higher nitrate concentrations (84.9 ± 16.7 and 134.7 ± 36.7 μg/L, for EP and D, respectively). Total phosphorous (total‐P) discharge flux was low in EP (0.4 kg P ha/year), and negligible in E and D forests (<0.1 kg P ha/year). Total‐P annual retention was near to 1.0 kg N ha/year (on E and D), while a net loss (−1.5 kg N ha/year) was observed for EP. We attribute the observed differences in nutrient throughfall enrichment due to high multi‐stratified canopies in the native forests. Both deciduous and evergreen native forest‐covered catchments showed the highest retention of total‐N and total‐P, in contrast to Eucalyptus‐covered plantation.
Knock-In of the Recurrent R368X Mutation of PRKAR1A that Represses cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase A Activation: A Model of Type 1 Acrodysostosis
Authors: Le Stunff Catherine , Tilotta Francoise , Sadoine Jérémy , Le Denmat Dominique , Briet Claire , Motte Emmanuelle , Clauser Eric , Bougnères Pierre , Chaussain Catherine , Silve Caroline 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

In humans, activating mutations in the PRKAR1A gene cause acrodysostosis 1 (ACRDYS1). These mutations result in a reduction in PKA activation caused by an impaired ability of cAMP to dissociate mutant PRKAR1A from catalytic PKA subunits. Two striking features of this rare developmental disease are renal resistance to PTH and chondrodysplasia resulting from the constitutive inhibition of PTHR1/Gsa/AC/cAMP/PKA signaling. We developed a knock-in of the recurrent ACRDYS1 R368X PRKAR1A mutation in the mouse. No litters were obtained from [R368X]/[+] females (thus no homozygous [R368X]/[R368X] mice). In [R368X]/[+] mice, Western blot analysis confirmed mutant allele heterozygous expression. Growth retardation, peripheral acrodysostosis (including brachydactyly affecting all digits), and facial dysostosis were shown in [R368X]/[+] mice by weight curves and skeletal measurements (μCT scan) as a function of time. [R368X]/[+] male and female mice were similarly affected. Unexpected, however, whole-mount skeletal preparations revealed a striking delay in mineralization in newborn mutant mice, accompanied by a decrease in the height of terminal hypertrophic chondrocyte layer, an increase in the height of columnar proliferative prehypertrophic chondrocyte layer, and changes in the number and spatial arrangement of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive chondrocytes. Plasma PTH and basal urinary cAMP were significantly higher in [R368X]/[+] compared to WT mice. PTH injection increased urinary cAMP similarly in [R368X]/[+] and WT mice. PRKACA expression was regulated in a tissue (kidney not bone and liver) manner. This model, the first describing the germline expression of a PRKAR1A mutation causing dominant repression of cAMP-dependent PKA, reproduced the main features of ACRDYS1 in humans. It should help decipher the specificity of the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, crucial for numerous stimuli. In addition, our results indicate that PRKAR1A, by tempering intracellular cAMP levels, is a molecular switch at the crossroads of signaling pathways regulating chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Rapid non‐invasive quality control of semi‐finished products for the food industry by direct injection mass spectrometry headspace analysis: the case of milk powder, whey powder and anhydrous milk fat
Authors: Makhoul Salim , Yener Sine , Khomenko Iuliia , Capozzi Vittorio , Cappellin Luca , Aprea Eugenio , Scampicchio Matteo , Gasperi Flavia , Biasioli Franco 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrated the suitability of direct injection mass spectrometry headspace analysis for rapid non‐invasive quality control of semi‐finished dairy ingredients, such as skim milk powder (SMP), whole milk powder (WMP), whey powder (WP) and anhydrous milk fat (AMF), which are widely used as ingredients in the food industry. In this work, for the first time, we applied proton transfer reaction‐mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS) with a time‐of‐flight (ToF) analyzer for the rapid and non‐invasive analysis of volatile compounds in different samples of SMP, WMP, WP and AMF. We selected different dairy ingredients in various concrete situations (e.g. same producer and different expiration times, different producers and same days of storage, different producers) based on their sensory evaluation. PTR‐ToF‐MS allowed the separation and characterization of different samples based on the volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles. Statistically significant differences in VOC content were generally coherent with differences in sensory evaluation, particularly for SMP, WMP and WP. The good separation of SMP samples from WMP samples suggested the possible application of PTR‐ToF‐MS to detect possible cases of adulteration of dairy ingredients for the food industry. Our findings demonstrate the efficient and rapid differentiation of dairy ingredients on the basis of the released VOCs via PTR‐ToF‐MS analysis and suggest this method as a versatile tool (1) for the facilitation/optimization of the selection of dairy ingredients in the food industry and (2) and for the prompt innovation in the production of dairy ingredients. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genipin crosslinking decreases the mechanical wear and biochemical degradation of impacted cartilage in vitro
Authors: Bonitsky Craig M. , McGann Megan E. , Selep Michael J. , Ovaert Timothy C. , Trippel Stephen B. , Wagner Diane R. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTHigh energy trauma to cartilage causes surface fissures and microstructural damage, but the degree to which this damage renders the tissue more susceptible to wear and contributes to the progression of post‐traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is unknown. Additionally, no treatments are currently available to strengthen cartilage after joint trauma and to protect the tissue from subsequent degradation and wear. The purposes of this study were to investigate the role of mechanical damage in the degradation and wear of cartilage, to evaluate the effects of impact and subsequent genipin crosslinking on the changes in the viscoelastic parameters of articular cartilage, and to test the hypothesis that genipin crosslinking is an effective treatment to enhance the resistance to biochemical degradation and mechanical wear. Results demonstrate that cartilage stiffness decreases after impact loading, likely due to the formation of fissures and microarchitectural damage, and is partially or fully restored by crosslinking. The wear resistance of impacted articular cartilage was diminished compared to undamaged cartilage, suggesting that mechanical damage that is directly induced by the impact may contribute to the progression of PTOA. However, the decrease in wear resistance was completely reversed by the crosslinking treatments. Additionally, the crosslinking treatments improved the resistance to collagenase digestion at the impact‐damaged articular surface. These results highlight the potential therapeutic value of collagen crosslinking via genipin in the prevention of cartilage degeneration after traumatic injury. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:558–565, 2017.
Ironing out iron infusions – does premedication reduce adverse reactions during iron polymaltose infusion: a single‐centre retrospective review
Authors: Chia Puey Ling , Tong Erica , Newnham Harvey H. , Skinner Matthew J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimIron polymaltose infusions are increasingly prescribed in the management of iron deficiency but the efficacy of premedication to prevent complications of infusion remains uncertain. In order to simplify our infusion protocol, we retrospectively reviewed our experience of patients receiving iron polymaltose infusion to assess its safety profile, identify risk factors for adverse reactions and evaluate the efficacy of premedication in preventing adverse reactions.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective re
view of 300 patients who received iron infusions at Alfred Health (including The Alfred, Caulfield Hospital and Sandringham Hospital) between April 2010 and April 2011. Patients were identified via pharmacy dispensing records during the study period regardless of inpatient or day procedure admission status. Data collected from scanned medical records included: gender, body weight, iron dose, compliance to current guideline, units of blood received, serum iron levels, haemoglobin levels, premedications given/charted, duration of infusion, and any adverse effects that occurred.ResultsFrom April 2010 to April 2011, 300 patients who received an iron infusion were reviewed. Mean age was 64 years (range: 19–100), with balanced sex distribution (male:female = 148:152). The existing protocol was followed in 90.3% of the patients; however, premedications (cetirizine and hydrocortisone) were given to only 76.25% patients. Only three (1%) patients developed anaphylaxis, but other side effects included headache (1.4%), rash (1%), chest pain (1%) and fever (0.3%). All three patients who developed anaphylaxis had received premedication. Most side effects occurred within 30–60 min of commencing the infusion, with a mean infusion rate of 117 mL/h.ConclusionIron polymaltose infusions are generally well tolerated and serious adverse reactions are rare. As a result of this audit, we have modified our guidelines to minimise the use of premedications and to rationalise the monitoring of patients receiving iron infusions. Further research to identify specific risk factors for adverse reactions may allow more targeted use of premedications to prevent specific side effects. Reducing the use of premedication and focusing attention to potential side effects during the 60 min after commencement of infusion could improve efficiency, reduce cost and minimise the inconvenience associated with iron infusions.
Stable isotope composition of the Holsteinian (MIS 11) freshwater snail Valvata piscinalis (O. F. Müller, 1774) from eastern Poland and its palaeoenvironmental implications
Authors: Szymanek Marcin 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTStable oxygen and carbon isotope investigations were conducted on shells of the freshwater gastropod Valvata piscinalis from palaeolake deposits of Holsteinian age (Marine Isotope Stage 11) from eastern Poland. The isotope record of this species was used for the first time as an archive of environmental conditions for selected lakes between the protocratic stage and the post‐optimum period of the interglacial. The lowest δ18O and δ13C values of −8.1 and −12.1‰, respectively, were recorded in the Picea–Alnus zone at Ortel Królewski palaeolake. The sparse vegetation and low productivity of that time are reflected in the relatively low δ13C values. The first significant increase of temperature was recorded in the Taxus zone (i.e. an increase in δ18O). The higher temperature influenced the expansion of macrophytes, which stimulated enhanced photosynthesis. Similar mean δ18O values in the Taxus and Pinus–Larix zones imply no distinct temperature change. V. piscinalis populations from Ossówka–Hrud and Roskosz palaeolakes record variations in lake productivity during the climatic optimum of the interglacial (Carpinus–Abies zone). The δ18O values of that time are relatively high (up to −4.5‰) and reveal no significant differences between the lakes. Decreases of the oxygen isotope values in the Szymanowo lake reflect post‐optimum cooling.
Pharmacogenetics of Parkinson's Disease in Clinical Practice
Authors: Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Poewe Werner 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundPharmacogenetics aims to identify the genetic factors participating in the heterogeneity of drug response. The ultimate goal is to provide personalized treatment by identifying responders and non‐responders, individuals at risk of developing drug adverse effects, and by adjusting dosage. Several studies have been performed in Parkinson's disease (PD), to investigate drug response variability according to genetic factors for dopamine replacement therapies.MethodsWe performed a systematic literature search of articles related to pharmacogenetic studies inPD, and found 47 studies.FindingsMotor response and adverse reactions to dopaminergic drugs were associated with genes encoding enzymes of their metabolism as well as their receptors or targets. Despite some interesting results, considerable work remains to be done to replicate and validate their clinical relevance before translation into clinical practice.ConclusionsThere are currently no guidelines published for pharmacogenetic factors related toPDdrugs. More research is need in this field in order to improve our knowledge in drug response variability inPD. Algorithms taking into account clinical, pharmacological, and genetic factors are probably the most promising way to help for a personalized medicine inPD.
Does silybin protect against toxicity induced by polymyxin E in rat kidney?
Authors: Hassan Sherif M. Sabry , Youakim Magdy F. , Rizk Ayman Abou Elenein , Thomann Charity , Ahmad Zulfiqar 
Published: August 2016

AimsAlthough once a common antibiotic, polymyxin E fell out of favor after reports of its nephrotoxicity. However, recent concerns with gram‐negative bacteria, which are resistant to multiple antibiotics, have resulted in increased interest in polymyxin E. Silybin is a known antihepatotoxic drug and may have potential for protecting the kidney from polymyxin E. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to evaluate whether silybin affected the damages produced by polymyxin E on the rat kidney.MethodsFour groups of rats with 10 rats per group were included in the study: control (no treatment, group I), vehicle (control vehicle treatment, group II), polymyxin E treatment (group III), and polymyxin E and silybin treatment (group IV). Groups II‐IV received intravenous treatment twice a day for 7 days. All rats were euthanized after 7 days. Histological, ultrastructural, and morphometric analyses were performed on the rats’ kidney tissues.ResultsAnalysis of tissues from group III showed differences from groups I and II, such as glomerular and tubular affection and changes in morphometric measures. Results for group IV were more similar to those of groups I and II than those of group III.ConclusionsOur results suggested that administering silybin with polymyxin E alleviated polymyxin E‐induced nephrotoxicity in the rat kidney. Future biochemical studies should investigate whether silybin could ameliorate the nephrotoxicity caused by polymyxin E in rats and whether concomitant administration of silybin could be an effective clinical pharmacological strategy to protect against polymyxin E‐induced insult in human kidneys.
Survival and complication rates in patients with thalassemia major in Taiwan
Authors: Wu Han‐Ping , Lin Cheng‐Li , Chang Yin‐Chen , Wu Kang‐Hsi , Lei Rouh‐Lih , Peng Ching‐Tien , Weng Tefu , Tai Yu‐Man , Chao Yu‐Hua 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundWhile transfusion and iron chelation therapy for thalassemia major (TM) has improved dramatically in recent years, the consequences of this improvement (current rates of survival and TM‐related complications) remain unknown.MethodsThis nationwide population‐based cohort study analyzed 2007–2011 data obtained from the Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database.ResultsAfter excluding those patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, we enrolled 454 patients with TM who received transfusion and chelation therapy (median age, 17.2 years). Among these patients, the mortality rate was 2.9% in 2007, 2.3% in 2008, 2.9% in 2009, 2.6% in 2010, and 0.7% in 2011. Heart was the most common target organ of TM‐related complications. There were 80 patients (17.6%) with arrhythmia and 86 patients (18.9%) with congestive heart failure. Dysfunction of endocrine organs was common, and the most common endocrinopathy was hypogonadism (23.1%), followed by diabetes (21.2%). There were 75 patients (16.5%) with liver cirrhosis and 79 patients (17.4%) with osteoporosis.ConclusionsAdequate red blood cell transfusion and iron chelation is available to all patients with TM in Taiwan under the universal health insurance system, and has resulted in reduction of TM‐related mortality to very low levels. As these patients get older, early detection of complications and adequate intervention are important to quality‐of‐life improvement.
Piezoelectric properties of monolayer II–VI group oxides by first‐principles calculations
Authors: Alyörük M. Menderes 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPiezoelectric properties of group II–VI oxide structures is carried out by first principles methods. Piezoelectric effect is the ability of the certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress, and it is also reversible. Two‐dimensional IIA/IIB–VI group oxides are expected to have great potential due to their non‐centrosymmetric structure and intrinsic large band gaps. PBE formulation and HSE06 hybrid functionals were used to get realistic forbidden bandgap values. Density functional theory‐based first‐principles calculations (DFT and DFPT) are used to investigate the piezoelectric stress, , and strain, , coefficients of monolayer IIA/IIB–VI group oxides (MO where M = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, and Cd). We predicted that 2D II–VI family compounds exhibit highly promising piezoelectric properties. BeO has the highest and the BaO has the highest relaxed‐ion coefficients. All piezoelectricity calculation results give close values for the CaO structure. Calculation results show increasing trend for relaxed ion piezoelectric coefficients for IIA group and decreasing trend for IIB group, according to row number of the atoms. Our calculations reveal that II–VI family oxide structures are strong candidates for future atomically thin piezoelectric applications.Calculated DFT (clamped‐ion and relaxed‐ion) and DFPT values of (a) piezoelectric stress () and (b) piezoelectric strain () coefficients.
Hydrogen Optical Metamaterial Sensor Based on Pd Dendritic Nanostructures
Authors: Rocha‐Rodrigues Pedro , Hierro‐Rodriguez Aurelio , Guerreiro Ariel , Jorge Pedro , Santos José Luís , Araújo João Pedro , Teixeira José Miguel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this manuscript we present a new type of hydrogen optical metamaterial sensor based on the fabrication of Pd dendritic nanostructures. The fabrication of the sensor relies on a cheap self‐assembly process based on the pulsed electrodeposition method in nanoporous alumina templates. By performing optical transmission measurements, we demonstrate how this sensor can monitor hydrogen gas concentrations at room temperature either by evaluating the rate of signal decay during the Pd hydrogen absorption (transient regime) or by measuring the total variation in signal once the system achieves the equilibrium state (stationary regime). We take into account the effects of the Pd‐hydrogen phase transition and its size dependency to explain the kinetics of the hydrogen absorption and desorption in the studied samples. By using the transient detection method, the sensor is able to detect in approximately 50 s the explosive H2(g) concentration threshold of 4 % v/v at atmospheric pressure and room temperature.
Learning and adaptation in waterfowl conservation: By chance or by design?
Authors: Johnson Fred A. , Case David J. , Humburg Dale D. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe most recent revision of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan seeks to increase the adaptive capacity of the management enterprise to cope with accelerating changes in climate, land‐use patterns, agency priorities, and the waterfowl and wetlands constituency. Institutional and cultural changes of the magnitude envisioned are necessarily slow, messy processes, involving many actors who at a minimum must agree on the need for change. Waterfowl conservation now finds itself in the transition zone between business as usual and some new mode of operation. There are at least 2 different perspectives of this transition: one focuses on process, accountability, and planning for change; another focuses on solutions generated from an organic process of creativity, information sharing, and risk‐taking. Both of these views have something to contribute, but some in the wildlife management enterprise may tend to focus more on the first view. We suggest that ideas from panarchy theory, especially those related to the behaviors of complex adaptive systems, can help waterfowl managers better understand and foster the institutional changes they seek. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.