bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of fuel target implosion non-uniformity in heavy ion inertial fusion
Authors: Iinuma T. , Karino T. , Kondo S. , Kubo T. , Kato H. , Suzuki T. , Kawata S. , Ogoyski A.I. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn inertial fusion, one of scientific issues is to reduce an implosion non-uniformity of a spherical fuel target. The implosion non-uniformity is caused by several factors, including the driver beam illumination non-uniformity, the Rayleigh–Taylor instability (RTI) growth, etc. In this paper, we propose a new control method to reduce the implosion non-uniformity; the oscillating implosion acceleration δg(t) is created by pulsating and dephasing heavy-ion beams (HIBs) in heavy-ion inertial fusion (HIF). The δg(t) would reduce the RTI growth effectively. The original concept of the non-uniformity control in inertial fusion was proposed in [Laser Part. Beams (1993) 11, 757–768]. In this paper, it was found that the pulsating and dephasing HIBs illumination provide successfully the controlled δg(t) and that δg(t) induced by the pulsating HIBs reduces well the implosion non-uniformity. Consequently the pulsating HIBs improve a pellet gain remarkably in HIF.
Introducing the Infant Bookreading Database (IBDb)
Authors: HUDSON KAM CARLA L. , MATTHEWSON LISA 
Published: November 2016

AbstractStudies on the relationship between bookreading and language development typically lack data about which books are actually read to children. This paper reports on an Internet survey designed to address this data gap. The resulting dataset (the Infant Bookreading Database or IBDb) includes responses from 1,107 caregivers of children aged 0–36 months who answered questions about the English-language books they most commonly read to their children. The inclusion of demographic information enables analysis of subsets of data based on age, sex, or caregivers’ education level. A comparison between our dataset and those used in previous analyses reveals that there is relatively little overlap between booklists gathered from proxies such as bestseller lists and the books caregivers reported reading to children in our survey. The IBDb is available for download for use by researchers at <http://linguistics.ubc.ca/ubc-ibdb/>.
Assessing ecosystem services in Neotropical dry forests: a systematic review
Authors: CALVO-RODRIGUEZ SOFIA , SANCHEZ-AZOFEIFA ARTURO G. , DURAN SANDRA M. , ESPÍRITO-SANTO MARIO M. 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYThere is an increasing consensus on the importance of understanding ecosystem service (ES) provision in order to facilitate decision making and the sustainable management of Neotropical dry forests (NTDFs), yet research on the ESs provided by NTDFs is limited. We identified the main existing gaps and trends in the quantification of provisioning, regulating and supporting ESs in NTDFs. Systematic web-based searches showed that research has been increasing in recent decades in NTDFs, supporting greater ES knowledge and assessment. Carbon storage and biodiversity are the main subjects under study, while ESs relating to water and soil lack investigation. The most common approaches for assessing ES were fauna and plant inventories, carbon dynamics and ecological processes.
Critical Scholarship and Responsible Practice of International Law. How Can the Two be Reconciled?
Authors: FEICHTNER ISABEL 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHow can I as an international lawyer, conscious that international law is deeply implicated in today's global injustices and that the course of history will not be changed by any grand legal design, practice law responsibly? Taking as a point of departure my own desire not to seek comfort in the formulation of a critique of law, but to aspire to a responsible practice, I consult two quite different bodies of work: first, critical theory of law and second, recent scholarship on international law that argues a practice guided by ethics may enhance the legitimacy of international law. I turn then to my own practice of international economic law focusing on my occasional role as legal expert on the so-called megaregionals the EU aims to conclude with Canada and the United States. I propose that the debate on international economic law lacks an investigation into the role of law in shaping political economy; that this lack can be explained by the compartmentalization of expertise which leads to justification gaps with respect to projects such as the megaregionals. One way lawyers can assume responsibility is to work on closing these gaps even if it means leaving the ‘inside’ of the legal discipline. Finally, I suggest that a responsible legal practice of social change might follow Roberto Unger's call for institutional imagination. Maybe I can satisfy my wish for a transformative practice by joining forces with friends in experimenting with institutions, hoping to build an alternative political economy.
Justice on Screen – A Study of Four Documentary Films on the International Criminal Court
Authors: WERNER WOUTER G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the past ten years or so, several documentaries on international criminal justice have been produced, shown at film festivals, and used for advocacy and educational purposes. On some occasions, artists, humanitarian organizations, and the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC) have worked closely together in the production of documentary films. Documentaries have thus become important tools for education and the spread of imageries of international criminal justice. So far, however, international legal scholars have largely shied away from researching cinematic representations of their field. In this article, I seek to remedy this by focusing on a family of four recent influential documentaries related to the ICC: The Reckoning, The Court, Prosecutor, and Watchers of the Sky. All four use similar modes of representation, narration and promotion and basically communicate the same message about the Court. My article critically analyzes how such artistic interventions have helped create specific images, stories, and sentiments.
The International Court of Justice: Cruising Ahead at 70
Authors: THIRLWAY HUGH 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe International Court of Justice (ICJ or the Court) continues to hear and determine the contentious cases submitted to it, keeping up what has been referred to as an acceptable ‘cruising pace’. After recalling the extent to which the demands on the Court have increased, and the practical means available to it have been greatly extended, the author (following up an earlier article on the subject in the Netherlands International Law Review) examines the Court's recent case-law (decisions given since 2010) to show how each decision, besides furthering settlement of the specific dispute, has contributed to the enlargement or development of international law. Attention is concentrated, however, on particular questions: the role of peremptory norms (jus cogens); interpretation of treaties; questions of jurisdiction (including the problem of the existence of a justiciable dispute in each case); and certain incidental proceedings contemplated by the Court's Statute and Rules, namely provisional measures and intervention under Articles 62 and 63 of the Statute.
Fragilariopsis kerguelensis size variability from the Indian subtropical Southern Ocean over the last 42 000 years
Authors: Shukla Sunil Kumar , Crosta Xavier 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the open Southern Ocean (SO), both modern and past size changes of the diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis appear to be strongly controlled by iron availability. Conversely, sea surface temperatures (SST) and sea ice seasonal dynamics take over in the seasonal sea-ice zone where iron is not limiting. No information exists on F. kerguelensis biometry from the subtropical SO, on the other extreme of the thermal and nutrient gradients. We present here new data on mean valve area of F. kerguelensis (FkergArea) from a sediment core covering the last ~42 cal kyrs from the southern Subtropical Front (SSTF) of the Indian sector of the SO, where iron and silica stocks are thought to have been consistently low over this period. Our results suggest that larger F. kerguelensis valves occurred during the Last Glacial period, and declined during the Holocene period. These findings indicate that more favourable SST, within the F. kerguelensis ecological range, during the Last Glacial period may have enabled F. kerguelensis to make better use of the low silica stocks prevailing in the subtropical zone leading to larger valves. Conversely, declining FkergArea during the deglacial and the Holocene periods may have been a result of higher SST which hampered the utilization of silica.
Effect of sperm preparation on development of bovine blastocyst in vitro
Authors: Abraham Maria Celina , Johannisson Anders , Morrell Jane M. 
Published: November 2016

SummarySperm preparation is an important step in the in vitro production of embryos. Centrifugation through colloids has been used to select normal sperm for assisted reproduction in several species. Animal models can sometimes be used as a preliminary step to investigate sperm preparation methods that are potentially of use for human fertility treatments. In this study bovine semen was prepared using three variants of the single-layer centrifugation sperm selection technique (Small, Mini, Mini-EP) with Bovicoll (Androcoll-B). Computer-assisted sperm motility analysis, the hypo-osmotic swelling test, and the sperm chromatin structure assay were performed on unselected (control) and SLC-selected sperm samples. Mini and Mini-EP gave the highest yield of motile spermatozoa, progressive motility and membrane integrity. In vitro fertilization trials were performed to investigate the fertilizing ability of the frozen–thawed bovine spermatozoa selected with Bovicoll. Mini-SLC (single-layer centrifugation) and swim-up (Control) were performed and cleavage rate and blastocyst rate did not differ significantly between groups. As there was a trend to an increased number of cells in blastocysts in the SLC group, the Mini-SLC method is at least as good as swim-up for selecting frozen–thawed bull spermatozoa for in vitro fertilization (IVF). This method could potentially be used to prepare human sperm for assisted reproduction.
Analyses of apoptosis and DNA damage in bovine cumulus cells afterin vitromaturation with different copper concentrations: consequences on early embryo development
Authors: Rosa D.E. , Anchordoquy J.M. , Anchordoquy J.P. , Sirini M.A. , Testa J.A. , Mattioli G.A. , Furnus C.C. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of copper (Cu) duringin vitromaturation (IVM) on apoptosis and DNA integrity of cumulus cells (CC); and oocyte viability. Also, the role of CC in the transport of Cu during IVM was evaluated on oocyte developmental capacity. Damage of DNA was higher in CC matured without Cu (0 µg/dl Cu,P< 0.01) with respect to cells treated with Cu for cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) exposed to 0, 20, 40, or 60 µg/dl Cu). The percentage of apoptotic cells was higher in CC matured without Cu than in CC matured with Cu. Cumulus expansion and viability of CC did not show differences in COC treated with 0, 20, 40, or 60 µg/dl Cu during IVM. Afterin vitrofertilization (IVF), cleavage rates were higher in COC and DO + CC (denuded oocytes + CC) with or without Cu than in DO. Independently of CC presence (COC, DO + CC or DO) the blastocyst rates were higher when 60 µg/dl Cu was added to IVM medium compared to medium alone. These results indicate that Cu supplementation to IVM medium: (i) decreased DNA damage and apoptosis in CC; (ii) did not modify oocyte viability and cumulus expansion; and (iii) improved subsequent embryo development up to blastocyst stage regardless of CC presence during IVM.
Autophagy is required for sea urchin oogenesis and early development
Authors: Agnello Maria , Chiarelli Roberto , Martino Chiara , Bosco Liana , Roccheri Maria Carmela 
Published: November 2016

SummaryAutophagy is a major intracellular pathway for the degradation and recycling of cytosolic components. Emerging evidence has demonstrated its crucial role during the embryo development of invertebrates and vertebrates. We recently demonstrated a massive activation of autophagy in Paracentrotus lividus embryos under cadmium stress conditions, and the existence of a temporal relationship between induced autophagy and apoptosis. Although there have been numerous studies on the role of autophagy in the development of different organisms, information on the autophagic process during oogenesis or at the start of development in marine invertebrates is very limited. Here we report our recent data on the occurrence of autophagy at these key phases of development. In order to investigate autophagy trends we performed in vivo assays to detect autophagolysomes, as well as in situ analysis with anti-LC3 antibody to detect autophagosomes before the fusion with lysosomes. From data generated through confocal laser scanning microscopy and quantification of autophagic signals we have drawn several unequivocal conclusions. The results showed a copious and rising number of autophagic organelles that had specific localization. Interestingly the increase in autophagy that occurred just after fertilization has been proved to be crucial for correct initiation of the developmental programme: irreversible developmental delays and morphologic anomalies were induced by short autophagic inhibition. This work focused on the sea urchin model system and corroborates evidence on the need for self-digestion during development, enriching the knowledge on autophagy, a biological mechanism belonging to evolutionarily different organisms.
Psychological prognosis after newly diagnosed chronic conditions: socio-demographic and clinical correlates
Authors: Chiu Ching-Ju , Hsu Yu-Ching , Tseng Shuo-Ping 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:This study was aimed toward discerning depressive symptom trajectories associated with different chronic conditions and toward finding modifiable factors associated with those trajectories.Methods:Data were drawn from the 1996–2007 Taiwan Longitudinal Study on Aging. Nine chronic conditions were selected, and mood trajectories were measured with the Center of Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale.Results:Among the nine chronic conditions we examined, four patterns of depressive symptom trajectories were identified: (1) elevated depressive symptoms and worsened over time after diagnosed with heart disease (n= 681), arthritis (n= 850), or hypertension (n= 1,207); (2) elevated depressive symptoms without worsening over time after diagnosed with stroke (n= 160), lung diseases (n= 432), gastric conditions (n= 691), or liver diseases (n= 234); (3) no elevated depressive symptoms after diagnosis but an increase in depressive symptoms over time for participants with diabetes (n= 499); and (4) no significant patterns after diagnosed with cancer (n= 57). Cumulative psychological burden over time was significant for participants with hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases, or arthritis. However, these effects disappeared after controlling for comorbidities and physical limitations. Moreover, psychiatric condition was found to play an important role in baseline depressive symptoms among participants diagnosed with lung diseases, arthritis, or liver diseases.Conclusions:Findings from this study provide information in addressing psychological burden at different times for different conditions. In addition, minimizing the incidence of comorbidities, physical limitations, or psychiatric conditions may have the prospective effect of avoiding the trend of increased depressive symptoms, especially when adults diagnosed with hypertension, diabetes, heart diseases, arthritis, lung diseases, arthritis, or liver diseases.
Archaeology will be just fine
Authors: Ribeiro Artur 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMany archaeologists are currently stuck in a mindset in which attention is paid exclusively to ideas that are ‘new’ and ‘revolutionary’. This fetishization of the ‘new’ leads us down a dangerous road as it promotes uncritical disdain of old ideas which remain valid and it advocates fads from neighbouring disciplines which are methodologically vapid and philosophically dubious. The objective of this paper is to question whether archaeology requires constant ‘paradigmatic change’ and my answer to this question is no. By constantly altering the status quo, archaeologists are promoting a culture in which theoretical ‘newness’ is given the spotlight and ideas are considered valid as long as they are original. Against this, I recommend a more critical view of new ideas and a revision of old ones – a culture which prioritizes the quality of archaeological theories regardless of whether they are new or old.
Is it time for an elemental and humoral (re)turn in archaeology?
Authors: Jones Richard , Miller Holly , Sykes Naomi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper asks whether archaeologists might profitably re-engage with the pre-Enlightenment doctrines of elemental philosophy and humoral theory as paradigms more relevant for archaeological interpretation in certain contexts than much of current theoretical discourse. These ancient cosmologies are here reconceptualized to suggest ways in which archaeologists might provide fairer representations of past cultures, through the readoption of ideas that they understood rather than through the imposition of more recent and thus anachronistic frames of analytical reference. In four brief case studies, the paper seeks to show how the foregrounding of elemental and humoral theories might lead to new ways of thinking about the study and interpretation of the landscape, material culture, consumption and the senses. Through them, the paper looks to encourage reflection on whether elemental and humoral theories represent the intellectual paradigms that archaeologists have been striving to invent since the discipline's creation.
The Forgotten History of Food Security in Multilateral Trade Negotiations
Authors: MARGULIS MATIAS E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFood security emerged as a major source of political deadlock in the WTO Doha Round negotiations. Concerns about food security only intensified at the WTO following the 2008 Global Food Crisis, with the Bali and Nairobi Ministerials revealing polarized views between the US and India on the financing of public food stockholding. These ‘food fights’ at the WTO have attracted significant international media, civil society, and scholarly attention. In this article, I argue that inter-state disagreement on food security is not new or specific to the Doha Round but instead has been a recurrent phenomenon in the multilateral trade system for decades. Employing an historical approach, I show that food security has repeatedly been an item of negotiation in successive GATT negotiating rounds and has been steadily codified in international trade law over time. Today, food security is deeply integrated into the rules of the trade regime, making the WTO an important yet largely unacknowledged institution in global food security governance.
Factors associated with patient preferences for communication of bad news
Authors: Fujimori Maiko , Akechi Tatsuo , Uchitomi Yosuke 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTObjective:Communication based on patient preferences can alleviate their psychological distress and is an important part of patient-centered care for physicians who have the task of conveying bad news to cancer patients. The present study aimed to explore the demographic, medical, and psychological factors associated with patient preferences with regard to communication of bad news.Methods:Outpatients with a variety of cancers were consecutively invited to participate in our study after their follow-up medical visit. A questionnaire assessed their preferences regarding the communication of bad news, covering four factors—(1) how bad news is delivered, (2) reassurance and emotional support, (3) additional information, and (4) setting—as well as on demographic, medical, and psychosocial factors.Results:A total of 529 outpatients with a variety of cancers completed the questionnaire. Multiple regression analyses indicated that patients who were younger, female, had greater faith in their physician, and were more highly educated placed more importance on “how bad news is delivered” than patients who were older, male, had less faith in their physician, and a lower level of education. Female patients and patients without an occupation placed more importance on “reassurance and emotional support.” Younger, female, and more highly educated patients placed more importance on “additional information.” Younger, female, and more highly educated patients, along with patients who weren't undergoing active treatment placed more importance on “setting.”Significance of Results:Patient preferences with regard to communication of bad news are associated with factors related to patient background. Physicians should consider these characteristics when delivering bad news and use an appropriate communication style tailored to each patient.
Political institutions and financial cooperative development
Authors: KHAFAGY AMR 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper analyses the influence of political institutions on the development of financial cooperatives. It proposes a political economy theory where autocratic regimes deliberately oppose the development of a well-functioning financial cooperative sector to maintain their political influence, and prevent the formation of strong pressure groups that can threaten the current politicalstatus quoand reduce the governing elites’ economic benefits from underdeveloped and exclusive financial sector. Using panel data from 65 developing countries from 1995–2014, the results show that democracy, political rights and civil liberties promote financial cooperative development. These results are robust in controlling for endogeneity as well as other economic and institutional factors.
Emotional Dependency and Dysfunctional Relationship Beliefs as Predictors of Married Turkish Individuals’ Relationship Satisfaction
Authors: Kemer Gülşah , Çetinkaya Yıldız Evrim , Bulgan Gökçe 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this study, we examined married individuals’ relationship satisfaction in relation to their emotional dependency and dysfunctional relationship beliefs. Our participants consisted of 203 female and 181 male, a total of 384 married individuals from urban cities of Turkey. Controlling the effects of gender and length of marriage, we performed a hierarchical regression analysis. Results revealed that married Turkish individuals’ relationship satisfaction was significantly explained by their emotional dependency (sr2= .300,p< .001), and perceptions of interpersonal rejection (sr2= .075,p< .001) and unrealistic relationship expectations (sr2= .028,p< .001). However, interpersonal misperception did not make a significant contribution to the participants’ relationship satisfaction (p> .05). When compared to perceptions of interpersonal rejection and unrealistic relationship expectations, emotional dependency had the largest role in explaining participants’ satisfaction with their marriages. We discuss the results in light of current literature as well as cultural relevance. We also provide implications for future research and mental health practices.