bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosorbent treatment of fluorene using activated carbon derived from the pyrolysis process of date pit wastes
Authors: Said Tarek O. , Al-Farhan Badriah S. , El-Ghamdi Sara A. , Awwad Nasser 
Published: September 2024

AbstractActivated carbon (AC) derived from Date pits (DP) wastes was used as an eco-friendly and effective biosorbent for the removal of fluorene (FLU) from organic wastes. The maximum capacity of DP was 6.71 mg g−1, compatible with the Freundlich model. FLU adsorption's chemisorption performance on DP was involved in following a superior linear fit for the pseudo-2nd-kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity from the pseudo-2nd order kinetic model fitted with the experimental findings and found to be 3.73 g, 2.62, 1.13, 0.955, 0.749, 0.591, and 0.665 mg g−1 at 25, 3, 35, 4, 45, 5 and 55 °C, respectively. The negative value of the spontaneous nature of the adsorption corresponds to the exothermic nature however, + ΔS corresponds to an increase in the degree of freedom for FLU adsorption. The relatively high value of activation energy (Ea) demonstrates that the adsorption of FLU onto DP is classified as chemical adsorption, and found to be 84.8 kJ mol−1. Also, the result of XRD shows that the prepared DP was re-used four times without substantially decreasing performance. In addition, it appears that AC prepared from DP is a promising adsorbent with a low cost for removing many organic pollutants.
Decline of Affective Prosody Recognition With a Positivity Bias Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fan Xinran , Tang Enze , Zhang Minyue , Lin Yi , Ding Hongwei , Zhang Yang 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
Understanding how older adults perceive and interpret emotional cues in speech prosody contributes to our knowledge of cognitive aging. This study provides a systematic review with meta-analysis to investigate the extent of the decline in affective prosody recognition (APR) among older adults in terms of overall and emotion-specific performance and explore potential moderators that may cause between-studies heterogeneity.

Method:
The literature search encompassed five electronic databases, with a specific emphasis on studies comparing the APR performance of older adults with that of younger adults. This comparison was focused on basic emotions. Meta-regression analyses were executed to pinpoint potential moderators related to demographic and methodological characteristics.

Results:

A total of 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis, involving 560 older adults with a mean age of 69.15 years and 751 younger adults with a mean age of 23.02 years. The findings indicated a substantial negative effect size (
g
= −1.21). Furthermore, the magnitude of aggregated effect sizes showed a distinct valence-related recognition pattern with positive prosody exhibiting smaller effect sizes. Language background and years of education were found to moderate the overall and emotion-specific (i.e., disgust and surprise) performance effect estimate, and age and gender significantly influenced the effect estimate of happiness.

Conclusions:
The results confirmed a significant decline in APR ability among older adults compared to younger adults, but this decline was unbalanced across basic emotions. Language background and educational level emerged as significant factors influencing older adults' APR ability. Moreover, participants with a higher mean age exhibited notably poorer performance in recognizing happy prosody. These findings underscore the need to further investigate the neurobiological mechanisms for APR decline associated with aging.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26407888
Impact of oxygen fugacity on the atmospheric structure and emission spectra of ultra-hot rocky exoplanets
Authors: Seidler Fabian L. , Sossi Paolo A. , Grimm Simon L. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Atmospheres above lava-ocean planets (LOPs) hold clues related to the properties of their interiors, based on the expectation that the two reservoirs are in chemical equilibrium. Furthermore, such atmospheres are observable with current-generation space- and ground-based telescopes. While efforts have been made to understand how emission spectra are related to the composition of the lava ocean, the influence of oxygen fugacity has yet to be examined in a self-consistent way.
Aims. Here, we investigate the sensitivity of atmospheric emission spectra of LOPs to key geochemical parameters, namely, temperature (T), composition (X), and oxygen fugacity (fO2). We also consider the precision involved in recovering these spectra from observations of hot, rocky exoplanets.
Methods. We considered ‘mineral’ atmospheres produced in equilibrium with silicate liquids. We treated fO2 as an independent variable, together with T and X, to compute equilibrium partial pressures (p) of stable gas species at the liquid-gas interface. Above this boundary, the atmospheric speciation and the pressure–temperature structure are computed self-consistently to yield emission spectra. We explored a wide array of plausible compositions, oxygen fugacities (between 6 log10 units below and above the iron-wüstite buffer, IW), and irradiation temperatures (2000, 2500, 3000, and 3500 K) relevant to LOPs.
Results. We find that SiO(g), Fe(g) and Mg(g) are the major species below ~IW, ceding to O2(g) and O(g) in more oxidised atmospheres. The transition between the two regimes demarcates a minimum in total pressure (P). Because p scales linearly with X, emission spectra are only modest functions of composition. By contrast, fO2 can vary over orders of magnitude, thereby causing commensurate changes in p. Atmospheres outgassed from reducing melts exhibit intense SiO emission, creating a temperature inversion in the upper atmosphere. Conversely, oxidised atmospheres have lower pSiO and lack thermal inversions, with their resulting emission spectra mimicking that of a black-body. Consequently, the intensity of SiO emission relative to the background, generated by MgO(g), can be used to quantify the fO2 of the atmosphere. Depending on the emission spectroscopy metric of the target, deriving the fO2 of known nearby LOPs is possible with a few secondary occultations observed by JWST.
Effect of redshift bin mismatch on the cross correlation between the DESI Legacy Imaging Survey and the Planck CMB lensing potential
Authors: Saraf Chandra Shekhar , Bielewicz Paweł , Chodorowski Michał 
Published: September 2024

Aims. We study the importance of precise modelling of the photometric redshift error distributions when estimating parameters from cross-correlation measurements. We present a working example of the scattering matrix formalism to correct for the effects of galaxies ending in wrong redshift bins due to their photometric redshift errors.
Methods. We measured the angular galaxy auto-power spectrum and cross-power spectrum in four tomographic bins with the redshift intervals z = [0.0, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6, 0.8] from the cross-correlation of the Planck cosmic microwave background lensing potential and the photometric galaxy catalogue from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Legacy Imaging Survey Data Release 8. We estimated the galaxy linear bias and the amplitude of cross correlation using maximum likelihood estimation to put constraints on the σ8 parameter.
Results. We show that the modified Lorentzian function used to fit the photometric redshift error distribution performs well only near the peaks of the distribution. We adopt a sum of Gaussians model to capture the broad tails of the error distribution. Our sum of Gaussians model yields values of the cross-correlation amplitude that are ∼2–5 σ smaller than those expected based on the Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM) model. We compute the σ8 parameter after correcting for the redshift bin mismatch of objects following the scattering matrix approach. The σ8 parameter becomes consistent with ΛCDM model in the last tomographic bin but shows a tension of ∼1–3 σ in other redshift bins.
Composition-asymmetric and sheared relativistic magnetic reconnection
Authors: Figueiredo Enzo , Cerutti Benoît , Mehlhaff John , Scepi Nicolas 
Published: September 2024

Context. Relativistic magnetic reconnection studies have so far focused on symmetric configurations, where the upstream plasma has identical properties on the two sides of the layer. Yet, just like nonrelativistic reconnection on the dayside of the Earth’s magnetosphere, relativistic reconnection can also operate at the interface between highly asymmetric environments. The boundary layer between a relativistic jet and an accretion flow forming around a supermassive black hole can present asymmetric configurations in terms of plasma composition, bulk velocity, temperature, and magnetization.
Aims. We conducted the first study of relativistic magnetic reconnection where the upstream plasma is composed of electron-positron pairs on one side, and electrons and ions on the other. We also investigated the impact of a relativistic symmetric shear flow applied along the reconnecting field lines.
Methods. We simulated magnetic reconnection using 2D particle-in-cell simulations. The initial setup was adapted from a classic Harris layer without a guide field, modified to accommodate plasma-composition and shear asymmetries in the upstream medium.
Results. For a composition-asymmetric setup, we find that the reconnection dynamics is driven by the electron-ion side, which is the plasma with the lowest magnetization. The energy partition favors accelerating ions at the expense of electrons even more than in a corresponding symmetric setup. With respect to shear, a super-Alfvénic upstream decreases the laboratory-frame reconnection rate, but, unlike in nonrelativistic studies, does not shut off reconnection completely.
Conclusions. The asymmetries examined in this work lower the overall efficiency of electron acceleration relative to corresponding symmetric configurations. In the context of a black hole jet-disk boundary, asymmetric reconnection alone is probably not efficient at accelerating electrons to very high energies, but it might facilitate plasma mixing and particle injection for other acceleration channels at the interface.
Density-dependent ionization equilibria for carbon with kappa distributions
Authors: Dzifčáková Elena , Dufresne Roger P. , Dudík Jaroslav , Del Zanna Giulio 
Published: September 2024

Context. Recent atomic models for the solar transition region have shown the importance of electron density, photoionization, and charge transfer on the ionization equilibria and line intensities of several elements and ions, especially from the Li- and Na-like ion sequences.
Aims. Non-Maxwellian electron distributions have been proposed as one solution that may account for the discrepancies. We have studied the interplay of the new atomic models with the effects of energetic particles, which have been shown to alter ionization equilibria considerably.
Methods. Level-resolved ionization and recombination rates were calculated for non-Maxwellian kappa distributions and included in a collisional-radiative model for carbon. The effect of photoionization and density suppression of dielectronic recombination for kappa distributions were also included in the models, and the models were run at a variety of densities and pressures.
Results. We find that the level-resolved collisional ionization rates increase with electron density, while the radiative and dielectronic recombination rates decrease. Their overall effect on the ionization equilibrium is to shift the formation of the lower charge states to a lower temperature and increase their peak abundance, especially for C IV. These shifts are not as significant as the effects of the non-extensive shape parameter given by the thermodynamic kappa index, κ. With decreasing κ; that is, with increasing departure from a Maxwellian distribution, ion formation moves to a much lower temperature, ion formation takes place over a wider temperature range, and peak abundances decrease. The effect of level-resolved rates and density suppression on the ion balances diminishes as κ decreases. Photoionization is shown to be significant only at relatively low densities and high κ.
Conclusions. Density effects are an important factor to consider in higher-density plasma and improve on the coronal approximation, even where there are significant departures from Maxwellian energy distributions. However, the changes they make to ion formation are not as significant as when there are electron distributions with very low κ-values.
Extragalactic stellar tidal streams in the Dark Energy Survey
Authors: Miró-Carretero Juan , Martínez-Delgado David , Gómez-Flechoso María A. , Cooper Andrew , Akhlaghi Mohammad , Donatiello Giuseppe , Kuijken Konrad , Lang Dustin , Makarov Dmitry , Laine Seppo , Roca-Fàbrega Santi 
Published: September 2024

Context. Stellar tidal streams are a key tracer of galaxy evolution and have the potential to provide an indirect means for tracing dark matter. For the Local Group, many diffuse substructures have been identified and their link to galaxy evolution has been traced. However, the Local Group does not offer a statistically significant sample of stellar tidal streams. Thus, an analysis of a larger sample beyond the Local Group is required to better probe the frequency and characteristics of these streams to verify whether these properties are in agreement with the predictions of the ΛCDM model and its implementation in cosmological simulations, taking into account the impact of the baryonic physics modelling.
Aims. The main scope of the Stellar Stream Legacy Survey is to obtain a statistically significant sample of stellar streams in the local Universe to be able to trace and study minor mergers and their contribution to galaxy evolution with respect to the ΛCDM theory. For that purpose, we are carrying out the first systematic survey of faint stellar debris from tidally disrupted dwarf satellites around nearby galaxies up to a distance of 100 Mpc.
Methods. In this paper, we present a catalogue with the results of the first harvest of stellar tidal streams found by visual inspection in deep images of ∼700 galaxies from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We also include, for the first time, a photometric characterisation of the streams obtained by measuring their surface brightnesses and colours.
Results. We found a total of 63 streams in our sample at distances between 40 and 100 Mpc, including 58 that were not previously reported. We measured their average surface brightness for the g band, the r band and the z band, to be 28.35 ± 0.20, 27.81 ± 0.13, and 27.62 ± 0.09 mag arcsec−2, respectively. By applying a statistical analysis to our findings, we obtained a stream detection frequency of 9.1% ± 1.1% for the given surface brightness limit of the DES image sample, in agreement with previous studies. We identified stream progenitors in 5–14% of our stream sample, depending on the confidence level.
Conclusions. The first catalogue of streams in the local Universe presented here will be complemented by future stream surveys within the Stellar Stream Legacy Survey and can be exploited in studies pertaining to galaxy evolution and cosmological models. In this work, we have learnt that the faintest measured stream surface brightness can be significantly brighter than the surface brightness limit of an image measured at the pixel level (in our case up to ∼1 mag arcsec−2 for the r band) mainly due to correlated noise present in the images.
Krankheitsbilder im Alter: Polymyalgia rheumatica,
Riesenzellarteriitis, Schnitzler-Syndrom und VEXAS-Syndrom
Authors: Pankow Anne , Bonnekoh Hanna , Krusche Martin , Ohrndorf Sarah 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Behandlung von älteren Patient:innen bedarf besonderer Aufmerksamkeit und
spezieller Fachkenntnisse. Altersbedingte Veränderungen des Immunsystems,
multiple Komorbiditäten und eine altersabhängige Pharmakokinetik und -dynamik
erfordern eine individuelle und sorgfältige Herangehensweise. Ziel dieses
Artikels ist es, aktuelle Erkenntnisse und praxisrelevante Ansätze zur
Diagnostik und Therapie ausgewählter rheumatologischer Erkrankungen im höheren
Lebensalter, wie Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), Riesenzellarteriitis (RZA),
Schnitzler-Syndrom und VEXAS-Syndrom zu präsentieren.
The Catalytic Synthesis of Aza-Sulfur Functional Groups
Authors: Willis Michael C. , Wei Ming-Kai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSulfur-containing compounds are found in myriad applications. Sulfones and sulfonamides are the most common functional groups used in medicinal and agrochemical endeavours. Isosteres of these functional groups, for example, sulfoximines and sulfonimidamides, are emerging functionalities, and they are increasingly common in the relevant patent literature. However, in general, the associated synthetic routes still have limitations, including the use of harsh reaction conditions and highly reactive reagents. A variety of catalytic reactions that employ a diverse range of substrate classes have been developed to address these issues. This short review highlights recent catalytic syntheses of aza-sulfur compounds, which we hope will open new directions in discovery chemistry.1	Introduction2	Reactions of N-Sulfinylamines3	Reactions with Sulfenamides4	Reactions with Sulfinates5	Reactions with Sulfinamides6	Reactions with Other Aza-Sulfur Compounds7	Conclusion
First Example of Aryl–Hetaryl Cross-Coupling via [5,5]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement
Authors: Chebanov Valentyn A. , Buravov Oleksandr V. , Tomak Victor O. , Shishkina Svitlana V. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolysubstituted furans and thiophenes with orthogonal functional groups were synthesized by a Strecker-type reaction leading to (arylaminonitriles), which underwent a [5,5]-sigmatropic rearrangement under mild conditions. The intramolecular character of the rearrangement was additionally proved.
Recurrent Axis Chordoma after Carbon ion Therapy Necessitating Reconstructive Surgery with Osteocutaneous Radial Forearm Free Flap: A Case Report
Authors: Imai Toshiro , Kurosawa Koreyuki , Hayashi Masanobu , Shinyo Ishi , Shoji Miki , Aizawa Toshimi , Imai Yoshimichi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChordomas originate from remnant tissue of the notochord during embryonic development, with a relatively low incidence rate. Furthermore, chordomas, being resistant to radiotherapy, are primarily treated by resection; however, in some cases, particularly in those that involve the skull base or upper cervical spine, chordomas are unresectable. In recent years, carbon ion/proton beam therapy has shown significant efficacy in such cases. However, it is not sufficiently curative and is commonly associated with recurrence. Moreover, there is no consensus regarding the treatment of recurrent cases, resulting in several uncertainties pertaining to it. Here, we present the case of a 55-year-old male patient with axial chordoma who experienced recurrence after carbon ion therapy and underwent tumor reduction surgery for a longer life span. Two months postoperatively, dehiscence was found in the posterior pharyngeal wall, probably due to heavy ion therapy. Salvage surgery was performed using an osteocutaneous radial forearm free flap, and the patient's postoperative course was uneventful.
How brand CSR responses to the pandemic impact brand value, growth, and rank
Authors: Taher Ahmed , Rizkalla Amy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe top 100 brands globally in 2020 have responded to the coronavirus pandemic by donating cash, donating in kind, providing special services to their customers, and supporting their employees. The research investigates if their actions reflected on the brand value, brand growth, or brand rank change and which of the four actions, if any, significantly impacted brand performance indicators. The research showed that donations in kind and customer service responses affected brand growth. Both brand value and rank are more long-term and cannot be changed significantly by short-term responses in one year. The authors conclude with a discussion of the insights, research limitations, theoretical and managerial implications, and directions for future research.
Here kitty-kitty: lure choice for predator attraction in a temperate environment
Authors: Paton Alexandra J. , Brook Barry W. , Buettel Jessie C. 
Published: September 2024

Context Camera traps have become a crucial tool for monitoring predators and are frequently deployed with lures to boost detection. Feral cats, a problematic invasive species in Australia, are commonly monitored using camera traps with lures. Despite the additional effort required for lure deployment, it remains unclear which lures are effective for monitoring feral cats. Aims Our study aimed to address this knowledge gap and assess the impact of various lure treatments on feral cat detection and activity. We also examined the response of other predators, such as Tasmanian devils and spotted-tailed quolls, to the lures and explored how their activity influenced feral cat visitation. Methods We deployed food, olfactory and visual lures, along with a null treatment across four grids of 16 camera traps over a period of 4 months in south-eastern Tasmania. Key results We observed increased feral cat detection with food (odds ratio = 3.69, 97.5% CI = 1.04, 13.2) and visual lures (odds ratio = 5.95, CI = 1.75, 20.2), but not olfactory lures (odds ratio = 1.88, CI = 0.55, 6.51). Examining only sites where cats were detected, food (odds ratio = 3.35, CI = 1.27, 8.9), visual (odds ratio = 3.39, CI = 1.41, 8.1) and olfactory (odds ratio = 2.7, CI = 1.02, 7.1) lures all increased feral cat visitation to the camera traps. Tasmanian devil and spotted-tailed quoll activity increased 4.85-fold (CI = 2.89, 8.1) and 4.94-fold (CI = 2.92, 8.4) when using the food lure, and 4.24-fold (CI = 2.5, 7.2) and 3.49-fold (CI = 2.03, 6.0) when using the olfactory lure. Whereas a positive relationship existed between devil and cat activity overall (β = 0.49, s.e. = 0.15, P ≤ 0.001), negative associations were found between devil and cat activity in the presence of food (β = −0.36, s.e. = 0.19, P = 0.057) and olfactory (β = −0.42, s.e. = 0.20, P = 0.026) lures. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated the effectiveness of lures in temperate environments for feral cat monitoring but highlighted potential interspecific interactions that reduce feral cat visitation. Implications We recommend a thoughtful consideration of the environment and resident species to ensure effective lure use and to minimise unintended negative influences on the capture of target species.
A derivation of E = mc
2 without electrodynamics
Authors: Nenashev A V , Baranovskii S D , Gebhard F 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There are several ways to derive Einstein’s celebrated formula for the energy of a massive particle at rest, E = mc
2. Noether’s theorem applied to the relativistic Lagrange function provides an unambiguous and straightforward access to energy and momentum conservation laws but those tools were not available at the beginning of the twentieth century and are not at hand for newcomers even nowadays. In the so-called pedestrian approach for newcomers, we start from relativistic kinematics and analyze elastic and inelastic scattering processes in different reference frames to derive the relativistic energy–mass relation. We extend the analysis to Compton scattering between a massive particle and a photon, and a massive particle emitting two photons. Using the Doppler formula, it follows that E = ℏ
ω for photons at angular frequency ω where ℏ is the reduced Planck constant. We relate our work to other derivations of Einstein’s formula in the literature.