bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accelerating the Innovation Process: A Systematic Review and Realist Synthesis of the Research Literature
Authors: Ellwood Paul , Grimshaw Paul , Pandza Krsto 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThere is continued interest among academics, practitioners and policy‐makers in methods to achieve accelerated innovation. Academic studies of this complex phenomenon have succeeded in reaching a high degree of consensus on the antecedents of innovation speed. The aim in this review is to elucidate further the mechanisms underlying management interventions to promote speed. The review adopts a theory‐led, realist synthesis of innovation speed research – the first example of this methodology in management studies. The authors develop a new time‐based framework for categorizing the innovation‐speed literature. The framework has a CIMO logic, and is built by invoking the organizational studies literature on time. The authors contextualize the innovation‐speed literature in relation to the three generic temporal challenges faced by all organizations: reducing temporal uncertainty; resolving temporal conflicts over activities; and allocating resources amid conditions of temporal scarcity. They problematize extant explanations of innovation speed as not taking account of different temporal orientations (temporal dichotomies) within innovation work, and thereby neglecting a potential barrier to achieving accelerated innovation outcomes. They further draw on the literature on time in organizations to suggest new avenues of research, and methodological approaches new to the study of innovation speed. The principal contribution of this review is to offer a new conceptual perspective on the complex empirical research examining how innovation projects may be accelerated from original idea to launch.
The political economy of changes in family and old‐age welfare policy spending: Analysis of OECD countries, 1998–2011
Authors: Baek Seung‐Ho , Ryu Yun‐Kyu , Lee Sophia Seung‐yoon 
Published: June 2016

This study investigated whether in times of budget constraints and in countries with relatively large family policy spending, family policy has an advantage in the budget competition with old‐age expenditures, compared with countries with a lower level of family policy spending. We employed pooled time‐series cross‐sectional analysis of 24 OECD countries from 1998 to 2011. Our findings suggest that the initial level of family spending tends to moderate the crowding‐out effect of old‐age spending, indicating that the more mature a family spending policy is, the more it resists budget competition from old‐age policy. Furthermore, the size of government debt was found to have an insignificant effect on welfare budgeting. Our findings indicate that retrenchment in welfare spending for old age cannot be fully explained by budget constraints. Politics among interest groups associated with different welfare programmes can be an important determinant in explaining changes in spending on each welfare programme.
Distribution effects of the minimum wage in four Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay
Authors: MAURIZIO Roxana , VÁZQUEZ Gustavo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article provides a comparative analysis of the distribution effects of the increase in the real value of the minimum wage in Latin America during the 2000s in four Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay. Using semiparametric techniques to estimate counterfactual density functions, the authors find that the increase in the minimum wage had an equalizing effect in Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay, but not in Chile. This increase accounted for a considerable part of the decline in wage inequality, which was the result of compression at the lower tail of the wage distribution.
Transcultural adaptation of the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure
Authors: Al‐Khasawneh E.M. , Leocadio M. , Seshan V. , Siddiqui S.T. , Khan A.N. , Al‐Manaseer M.M. 
Published: June 2016

AimTo overcome the lack of a validated and robust Arabic instrument to measure breast cancer awareness.BackgroundCurrently, there is no validated Arabic instrument for measuring breast cancer awareness levels. We adapted, translated and validated the Breast Cancer Awareness Measure developed by Cancer Research UK.MethodsThe instrument was translated into Arabic and back‐translated for validation. Validation and reliability tests were conducted using purposively sampled 972 Arab women older than 20 years, living in Oman. The adapted content was validated by a panel of medical, linguistic and cultural experts, followed by cognitive interviews (n = 10), behavioural coding (n = 30) and criterion validation (n = 646). The instrument was tested for acceptability and its subscales for internal consistency. Inter‐rater reliability was estimated between two similar groups (n = 144 and n = 142) to test homogeneity.ResultsThe adapted and translated instrument had a high acceptability (98.7% completed). The validation process shaped the adaptation, and resulted in strong criterion validity (R = 0.58, P < 0.01). The instrument subscales for risk factors and warning signs had high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.856 and 0.890, respectively), with all floor and ceiling effects less than 15%. The correlation measure for inter‐rater reliability was 0.97 (P < 0.01).DiscussionThrough the incorporation of contextual characteristics and prevalent beliefs among Arab populations, the adapted Best Cancer Awareness Measure is a robust Arabic instrument for the measurement of breast cancer awareness and early detection practices among Arab women.LimitationsThe purposively selected sample may not be representative of the population.Conclusion and implications for health policyImprovement of awareness and early detection of breast cancer can contribute towards reducing mortality from the disease. The adapted instrument has policy implications, since measurement of awareness levels is essential towards breast health promotion policies in Arab countries.
The influence of daily stress and resilience on successful ageing
Authors: Byun J. , Jung D. 
Published: June 2016

AimThe aim of this study was to identify the effects of daily stress and resilience on successful ageing among community‐dwelling older adults.BackgroundAgeing can be a positive experience if there is good adaptation to ageing processes. Positive ageing needs to be a basis of nursing care, health promotion and education within community settings.MethodsData were collected in March and April of 2014 from 262 older adults living in Seoul and Jeju, South Korea. We used a four‐part survey consisting of demographic data, daily stress, resilience and successful ageing scales, in total 91 items. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t‐test, one‐way ANOVA, Tukey HSD test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple regression analysis to identify the influence of variables on successful ageing.FindingsSuccessful ageing had a significant negative correlation with daily stress and a positive correlation with resilience. Daily stress had a negative correlation with resilience. Findings of hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that resilience and subjective economic status had an effect on successful ageing. Furthermore, these variables accounted for 41.6% of the variance in successful ageing.LimitationsData were collected in only two cities of Korea based on convenience sampling.ConclusionThe findings of the study suggest that daily stress and resilience have a statistically significant relationship with successful ageing. Furthermore, resilience is an important influential factor and a much‐needed personal characteristic for one's successful ageing.Implications for nursing and health policiesNurses can advocate joining with health and social policy makers to implement policies on healthy ageing, including evaluation of stress, education programmes and implementation of self‐help groups to enhance resilience in older people.
The Impact of the Economic Crisis on European Union Environmental Policy
Authors: Burns Charlotte , Tobin Paul 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe ongoing European economic crisis provides a focus for academics wishing to understand the relationship between major exogenous shocks and changes to environmental protection. Yet, measuring change, particularly to policies, is notoriously fraught with difficulties. This research note explores the conceptual and methodological challenges associated with capturing change in response to the economic crisis in Europe, specifically focusing upon the environment. The environment is typically touted as a European Union success story, but there is good reason to suspect that this policy sector may have been – and continues to be – negatively affected by the economic downturn. We suggest a toolkit of measures that can capture changes to this sector, and which may also be employed by researchers of other policy sectors.
Randomized controlled clinical study evaluating effectiveness and safety of a volume‐stable collagen matrix compared to autogenous connective tissue grafts for soft tissue augmentation at implant sites
Authors: Thoma Daniel S. , Zeltner Marco , Hilbe Monika , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Hüsler Jürg , Jung Ronald E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimTo test whether or not the use of a collagen matrix (VCMX) results in short‐term soft tissue volume increase at implant sites non‐inferior to an autogenous subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG), and to evaluate safety and tissue integration of VCMX and SCTG.MethodsIn 20 patients with a volume deficiency at single‐tooth implant sites, soft tissue volume augmentation was performed randomly allocating VCMX or SCTG. Soft tissue thickness, patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), and safety were assessed up to 90 days (FU‐90). At FU‐90 (abutment connection), tissue samples were obtained for histological analysis. Descriptive analysis was computed for both groups. Non‐parametric tests were applied to test non‐inferiority for the gain in soft tissue thickness at the occlusal site.ResultsMedian soft tissue thickness increased between BL and FU‐90 by 1.8 mm (Q1:0.5; Q3:2.0) (VCMX) (p = 0.018) and 0.5 mm (−1.0; 2.0) (SCTG) (p = 0.395) (occlusal) and by 1.0 mm (0.5; 2.0) (VCMX) (p = 0.074) and 1.5 mm (−2.0; 2.0) (SCTG) (p = 0.563) (buccal). Non‐inferiority with a non‐inferiority margin of 1 mm could be demonstrated (p = 0.020); the difference between the two group medians (1.3 mm) for occlusal sites indicated no relevant, but not significant superiority of VCMX versus SCTG (primary endpoint). Pain medication consumption and pain perceived were non‐significantly higher in group SCTG up to day 3. Median physical pain (OHIP‐14) at day 7 was 100% higher for SCTG than for VCMX. The histological analysis revealed well‐integrated grafts.ConclusionsSoft tissue augmentation at implant sites resulted in a similar or higher soft tissue volume increase after 90 days for VCMX versus SCTG. PROMs did not reveal relevant differences between the two groups.
Tightening effects of high‐intensity focused ultrasound on body skin and subdermal tissue: a pilot study
Authors: Choi S.Y. , No Y.A. , Kim S.Y. , Kim B.J. , Kim M.N. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has been introduced as a new treatment modality for skin tightening through application mainly to the face and neck.ObjectivesThis pilot study assessed the efficacy and safety of HIFU for body tightening in Asian females.MethodsSix Asian female adults were enrolled in this pilot study. All subjects were treated with HIFU to the both cheek, upper arm, lower abdomen, thigh and calf using the following probes: 7 MHz, 1.5 mm focal depth; 2 MHz, 3.0 mm focal depth; 2 MHz, 4.5 mm focal depth; 2 MHz, 6.0 mm focal depth and 2 MHz, 9.0 mm focal depth. Three blinded independent dermatologists assessed results using the Investigator Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) using paired pre‐ and post‐treatment (week 4) standardized photographs. Also, we evaluated skin elasticity at all treated sites using a cutometer. Participants used the subject GAIS to assess their clinical improvement after treatment and rated their pain using a visual analogue scale (VAS) immediately, 1 and 4 weeks after treatment.ResultsThe three blinded evaluators judged all treated sites as showing clinical improvement 4 weeks after treatment. Skin elasticity measured via cutometer was significantly improved 4 weeks after treatment at all treated sites (P < 0.05). All patients scored themselves subjectively as more than ‘improved’ on the GAIS. Immediately after treatment the mean VAS score was 5.17 ± 2.48, but no pain was reported at weeks 1 and 4. No permanent adverse effects were observed during the follow‐up period.ConclusionFor body tightening, we applied HIFU using transducers with a lower frequency and deep focal depth to effectively deliver ultrasound energy to skin tissues. HIFU appears to be a safe and effective treatment modality for dermal and subdermal tightening.
Enhanced vasoconstrictor potency of the fixed combination calcipotriol plus betamethasone dipropionate in an innovative aerosol foam formulation vs. other corticosteroid psoriasis treatments
Authors: Queille‐Roussel C. , Bang B. , Clonier F. , Lacour J.‐P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundAn aerosol foam formulation of fixed combination calcipotriol 50 μg/g (Cal) and betamethasone 0.5 mg/g (as dipropionate; BD) has been developed for psoriasis vulgaris treatment.ObjectiveTo compare Cal/BD aerosol foam pharmacodynamic activity with Cal/BD ointment and with other topical corticosteroids of different potencies by assessing vasoconstrictor potential.MethodsA Phase I, single‐centre, investigator‐blinded, vehicle‐controlled, intra‐individual comparison vasoconstriction study. Healthy volunteers received a single application on selected sites of: Cal/BD aerosol foam, clobetasol propionate 0.5 mg/g cream (CP; very potent), Cal/BD ointment (potent), fluocinolone acetonide 0.25 mg/g ointment (FA; moderately potent), BD aerosol foam and aerosol foam vehicle. A seventh untreated site acted as a negative control. Skin blanching was assessed by visual (primary response criterion) and colorimetric a* and L* measurements (secondary criteria), and was analysed over time (6–32 h post‐application).ResultsThirty‐five healthy volunteers were included. All active treatments led to significantly greater skin blanching than control. By visual assessment, skin blanching with Cal/BD aerosol foam was significantly less compared with CP cream [mean AUC0–32 2560 vs. 3831; mean difference = −1272; 95% confidence interval (CI): −1598, −945; P < 0.001], similar to BD aerosol foam (mean AUC0–32 2560 vs. 2595; mean difference = −35; 95% CI: −362, 292; P = 0.83) and significantly greater than Cal/BD ointment (mean AUC0–32 2560 vs. 2008; mean difference = 552; 95% CI: 225, 878; P = 0.001) and FA ointment (mean AUC0–32 2560 vs. 1981; mean difference = 578; 95% CI: 251, 905; P < 0.001). Colorimetric assessments a* and L* also indicated significantly reduced skin blanching with Cal/BD aerosol foam compared with CP cream. No adverse events (AEs) were reported.ConclusionCal/BD aerosol foam can be considered a more potent formulation than Cal/BD ointment and the moderately potent FA ointment, but less potent than the very potent corticosteroid, CP cream.
Life cycle inference and phylogeny of Ortholinea labracis n. sp. (Myxosporea: Ortholineidae), a parasite of the European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax (Teleostei: Moronidae), in a Portuguese fish farm
Authors: Rangel L F , Rocha S , Casal G , Castro R , Severino R , Azevedo C , Cavaleiro F , Santos M J 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOrtholinea labracis n. sp. is described and its life cycle is inferred from a Southern Portuguese fish farm, with basis on microscopic and molecular procedures. This myxosporean parasite infects the urinary bladder of the European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax and the intestinal epithelium of a marine oligochaete of the genus Tectidrilus. Myxospores subspherical in valvular view and ellipsoidal in sutural view measuring 7.6 ± 0.3 (6.8–8.7) μm in length, 7.2 ± 0.2 (6.7–7.7) μm in width and 6.5 ± 0.4 (5.8–7.7) μm in thickness. Two polar capsules, 3.0 ± 0.2 (2.6–3.4) μm long and 2.4 ± 0.1 (2.0–2.9) μm wide, located at the same level, but with divergent orientation and opening to opposite sides of the suture line. Sequencing of the SSU rRNA gene revealed a similarity of 100% between the analysed myxospores and triactinomyxon actinospores. The phylogenetic setting of O. labracis n. sp. shows subgrouping in correlation with tissue tropism, but identifies this parasite as another exception to the main division of Myxosporea into the main freshwater and marine lineages.
Flow of Second Grade Fluid in a Scraped Surface Heat Exchanger
Authors: Imran A. , Rana M.A. , Siddiqui A.M. , Shoaib M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractScraped surface heat exchanger (SSHE) is used in industry for the manufacturing of many foodstuff and these foodstuff behave as non‐Newtonian material. So in this work we have mathematically modeled flow inside SSHE by taking second grade fluid. In the SSHE, the gaps between the blades and device wall are narrow so lubrication approximations theory (LAT) can be used to study the various flow properties. Steady incompressible isothermal flow of a second grade fluid is considered about a sequence of pivoted scraper blades in a channel in which lower wall is moving and upper wall is stationary. Flow properties, namely velocities, stream functions, flow rates, expressions for pressure, the forces on the blades and walls in different stations of device are investigated. Graphic representation of different flow parameters involved is also incorporated.Practical ApplicationSSHEs are used in the food industry for the preparation of foodstuff to cook, chill or sterilize the various foodstuffs quickly and efficiently. SSHEs are manufactured for extremely viscous foodstuff such as purees, sauces, margarines, james, spread, soups, baby‐food, chocolates, mayonnaise, caramel, fudge, ice‐cream, and yoghurt, etc. Foodstuff are non‐Newtonian in nature as they possess shear thickening, thinning viscoelastic and visco plastic so it is more realistic to study flow inside SSHE by non‐Newtonian fluid model. This study provides fruitful insight to study the flow inside SSHE considering the non‐Newtonian nature of foodstuff.
Effect of Touriga nacional Grape Extract on Characteristics of Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat Kept Under Frozen Storage
Authors: Tournour Hernán H. , Segundo Marcela A. , Magalhães Luís M. , Costa Anabela S.G. , Cunha Luís M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGrape pomace extract (GPE) is a by‐product from the wine industry that is rich in bioactive compounds. The effect of Touriga nacional GPE on quality characteristics (composition, pH, color variables and antioxidant capacity) of mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDM) under frozen storage was evaluated. Two MDM samples with different compositions fortified with two levels of GPE (60 and 120 mg/kg) were tested and analyzed within 1 and 210 days of storage. Data obtained was evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) and the first two PCs accounted for 85% of the total variability. PC1 (47.9%) was positively correlated with a* (redness) and chroma, while negatively correlated with antioxidant indexes. PC2 (36.7%) was positively correlated with b* (yellowness) and Hue angle, and likewise PC1 negatively correlated with antioxidant properties. In conclusion, the addition of GPE to MDM is feasible to maintain the antioxidant properties and contributes positively to MDM color attributes over frozen storage, even using MDM batches with different proximal composition.Practical ApplicationsThis research targets two practical applications. First, it highlights the use of grape pomace extract as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds, namely antioxidants, as grape pomace is a by‐product from the wine industry. Second, it demonstrates that the quality of mechanically deboned chicken meat under frozen storage can be maintained after grape pomace addition. Future incorporation of mechanically deboned chicken meat supplemented with grape pomace extract in comminuted products is envisioned.
Tau physiology and pathomechanisms in frontotemporal lobar degeneration
Authors: Bodea Liviu‐Gabriel , Eckert Anne , Ittner Lars Matthias , Piguet Olivier , Götz Jürgen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFrontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) has been associated with toxic intracellular aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau (FTLD‐tau). Moreover, genetic studies identified mutations in the MAPT gene encoding tau in familial cases of the disease. In this review, we cover a range of aspects of tau function, both in the healthy and diseased brain, discussing several in vitro and in vivo models. Tau structure and function in the healthy brain is presented, accentuating its distinct compartmentalization in neurons and its role in microtubule stabilization and axonal transport. Furthermore, tau‐driven pathology is discussed, introducing current concepts and the underlying experimental evidence. Different aspects of pathological tau phosphorylation, the protein's genomic and domain organization as well as its spreading in disease, together with MAPT‐associated mutations and their respective models are presented. Dysfunction related to other post‐transcriptional modifications and their effect on normal neuronal functions such as cell cycle, epigenetics and synapse dynamics are also discussed, providing a mechanistic explanation for the observations made in FTLD‐tau cases, with the possibility for therapeutic intervention.
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In this review, we cover aspects of tau function, both in the healthy and diseased brain, referring to different in vitro and in vivo models. In healthy neurons, tau is compartmentalized, with higher concentrations found in the distal part of the axon. Cargo molecules are sensitive to this gradient. A disturbed tau distribution, as found in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD‐tau), has severe consequences for cellular physiology: tau accumulates in the neuronal soma and dendrites, leading among others to microtubule depolymerization and impaired axonal transport. Tau forms insoluble aggregates that sequester additional molecules stalling cellular physiology. Neuronal communication is gradually lost as toxic tau accumulates in dendritic spines with subsequent degeneration of synapses and synaptic loss. Thus, by providing a mechanistic explanation for the observations made in FTLD‐tau cases, arises a possibility for therapeutic interventions.This article is part of the Frontotemporal Dementia special issue.