bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Non-Isocyanate Polyurea Using PET and CO2 Upcycling: A Double Green Approach
Authors: Shojaei Behrouz , Najafi Mohammad 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

From the perspective of sustainability, this research explored both the recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into polymer materials. To this end, a series of copolyurea specimens were synthesized through the polycondensation of carbon dioxide with hexamethylenediamine (HDA) and terephthalic dihydrazide (TDH), where TDH was derived from the chemical recycling of PET via the aminolysis method. FTIR spectroscopy, 1HNMR, DSC, and TGA characterized the products of PET recycling and synthesized copolyureas. Additionally, we sought to identify the optimal parameters for both the recycling and copolymerization processes. The results of identification analyses for both the recycling and copolymerization reactions confirmed the formation of the desired structures. An increase in the hard segment (TDH) led to discrepancies between the intended and actual monomer ratios in the synthesis, possibly due to dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solubility issues or unreacted TDH. Furthermore, the TGA analysis indicated that the initial degradation temperature (Td,5%) of the copolymer increased with the proportion of aromatic rings in the hard segment, underscoring the complex interactions within the copolymer matrix affecting its thermal and structural properties. The DSC results revealed that for copolyureas with the formula HDAxTDH100–x (where x = 50, 60, 70, 80, 90), reducing the x fraction or increasing the TDH content lowered the melting temperature. Furthermore, at a high percentage of TDH, the melting point disappeared entirely due to the destruction of the crystalline structure, indicating a critical threshold where the copolymer transitions from a semi-crystalline to an amorphous state.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Docking Studies Reveals Inhibition of NF-kB signaling as a Promising Therapeutic Drug Target for reduction in Cytokines Storms
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Bharadwaj Tharun , Muthuraj Likith , Kumar Jitendra , R Pravin Kumar , Lalitha Roopa , Sigamani Gladstone , Ahmad Shaban , Bhanu Piyush , Pathak Ravi Kant , Uttarkar Akshay , Niranjan Vidya , Mishra Vachaspati 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) plays a crucial role in numerous cellular processes, such as inflammation, immunological responses to infection, cell division, apoptosis, and the development of embryos and neurons. Cytokines, plays an important role in positive feedback loop and leads to inflammatory cell death through the release of pathogenic cytokine known to be cytokine storm which causes diseases like Acute Respiratory Disorder (ARD), multi-organ disorder, Hyperinflammation syndrome and may cause death. This cytochrome storm was identified in the people severely affected by covid-19. NF-kB presents a promising therapeutic opportunity to mitigate covid-19-induced cytokine storm and reduce the risk of severe morbidity and mortality resulting from the diseases. This paper therefore explores the modulation of the NF-kB pathway by inhibiting the binding of the transcription factor as a potential strategy to mitigate the morbidity and mortality caused by cytokine storms. To identify small molecule inhibitors of NF-kB signaling, we screened approximately 101 molecules in two identified pockets of NF-kB (p50/p65)-DNA complex. Each molecule was virtually screened in two pockets (A1 and A2). The focus library was developed starting from chemical structures obtained from the literature (Angelicin and Psolaren) which shows the inhibition of NF-kB signaling, as well as using artificial intelligence (WADDAICA) and rationally designed molecules. Among the 3 highest-scored ligands (NFAI64, NF30 and NF49) selected from the docking studies and further molecular dynamic investigations. The identified compound NF30 showed significantly higher binding affinity (ΔGbinding) in A2 pocket (60.92 ± 1.83 kJ/mol) as compared to the rest of the molecules, making it a promising molecule for the inhibition of NF-kB. The discovered novel compounds by computational studies could be of relevance to identify more potent inhibitors of NF-kB dependent biological functions beneficial to control the cytokine storm occurring in the patients affected with Covid-19.
Impact of appetite stimulants on growth parameters in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Sunman Birce , Emiralioglu Nagehan , Gülşen Hayriye Hızarcıoğlu , alboğa didem , atan raziye , yavuz burcu capraz , Gumus Ersin , Demir Hulya , Saltik-Temizel Inci , Ozen Hasan , yalçın ebru , doğru deniz , özçelik uğur 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives Malnutrition is prevalent among children with cystic fibrosis (CF),often resulting from frequent pulmonary exacerbations and intestinal malabsorption.In addition to providing sufficient calorie intake through enteral formulas, appetite stimulants may help address nutritional deficiencies and improve overall prognosis.Methods This retrospective study included children who received CH as an appetite stimulant for at least three consecutive months.Data on CH-related adverse effects, z-scores for weight,height,body mass index(BMI), and percentage of forced expiratory volume in 1 second(FEV1%)were collected from medical records.Z-scores of growth parameters were calculated at baseline(CH initiation),three months before baseline,and three and six months after treatment.Results The study included 45 children with a mean age of 11 years.Only one patient was on modulator therapy and another was being monitored for pancreatic insufficiency,while one had diabetes.All but one were using formula diet simultaneously.Significant improvements in weight and BMI z-scores were observed from baseline to three months of CH therapy(p = 0.004 and p = 0.006,respectively),with no significant changes noted in the three months before treatment.A modest increase in weight and BMI z-scores was seen from three to six months of therapy.Additionally,FEV1 z-scores significantly increased from baseline to three months of therapy, with no further improvement observed in the subsequent three months.Conclusion Six months of CH therapy was associated with significant improvements in weight and BMI z-scores,particularly within the first three months.No adverse effects were reported.Given the deceleration in the rate of increase in anthropometric z-scores from the third to sixth month, a three-month duration of CH therapy appears to be optimal and sufficient for children with CF.
Artificial Intelligence-based chatbots in providing space maintainer related information for pediatric patients and parents: A comparative study
Authors: BAL Cenkhan , AKSOY Merve , TOPSAKAL Kübra Gülnur , Görgülü Serkan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Artificial Intelligence-based chatbots have phenomenal popularity in various areas including spreading medical information. To assess the features of two different chatbots on providing space maintainer related information for pediatric patients and parents.
Methods
12 space maintainer-related questions were formed in accordance with the current guidelines and were directed to ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4. The answers were assessed regarding the criteria of quality, reliability, readability, and similarity with the previous papers by recruiting the tools EQIP, DISCERN, FRES, FKRGL calculation, GQS, and the Similarity Index.
Results
ChatGPT-3.5 and 4 revealed that both tools have similar mean values regarding the assessed parameters. ChatGPT-3.5 revealed an outstanding quality and ChatGPT-4 revealed a good quality with mean values of 4.58 ± 0.515 and 4.33 ± 0.492, respectively. The tools also performed high reliability with mean values of 3.33 ± 0.492 and 3.58 ± 0.515 (ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4; respectively). The readability scores seemed to require an education of a college degree and the similarity levels were lesser than 10% for both chatbots whit a high originality.
Conclusions
The outcome of this study shows that recruiting AI-based chatbots, ChatGPT for receiving space maintainer-related information can be a useful attempt for those who are seeking medical information regarding pediatric space maintainers on the internet.
Ambulatory general anesthetic experience in a child with Lesch Nyhan syndrome: a case report and literature review
Authors: Peng Qing , Pan Ling , Lei Xiaofeng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is a rare congenital disorder, characterized by self-aggression, self-mutilation, choreoathetosis, and intellectual abnormalities. Ambulatory general anesthesia in LNS children presents a range of challenges. We report a child with LNS who received dental treatment in our ambulatory dental center.
Case presentation
A 6-year-old boy with LNS was scheduled to undergo treatment for multiple dental caries under ambulatory general anesthesia. To ensure a smooth process, we implemented specific measures for difficult airway management, prevented nausea, vomiting, and pulmonary aspiration, and balanced the use of anesthetic drugs. Post-treatment, the serum uric acid, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels remained normal. The entire anesthesia process was complication-free and the child was discharged on the same day. Additionally, we conducted a review and analysis of relevant literature from PubMed and Google Scholar to summarize the anesthetic management experiences in such cases.
Conclusion
This report details the first successful ambulatory dental general anesthesia for a child with LNS. The management of ambulatory anesthesia for LNS cases is challenging. Despite achieving a positive recovery through comprehensive perioperative management, individualized anesthetic selection and the long-term recovery of the child demand further exploration and research to provide more effective guidance for future clinical practice.
Effects of compounded polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder taken inalt ernation with iced tea beverage before colonoscopy: a prospective randomised controlled study
Authors: Xu Qin , Zhang Min , Gu Shuiqin , Xu Jianping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Colonoscopy is considered to be an important tool for early diagnosis of colorectal lesions, screening for colorectal cancer, and to perform treatment of early colorectal lesions. Adequate bowel preparation is a prerequisite for high-quality colonoscopy and is closely related to the diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic safety of colonoscopy.Taking PEGs with sports drinks to regulate flavors, etc. May improve patient compliance and quality of bowel preparation. The aim of this study was to compare patient adherence and efficacy of the bowel cleanser PEG alternating with iced tea drink with the mixture of PEG and iced tea drink.
Methods
This is a prospective randomised controlled study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China. A total of 300 patients who underwent painless gastroenteroscopy at the endoscopy center from July 2023 to June 2024 were selected and randomly divided into three groups, A,B,C. Each group consisted of 100 patients, all of whom were given 3 L of Polyethylene Glycol Electrolyte Dispersions (PEG) regimen in divided doses, i.e., 1 L 10 ~ 12 h prior to the intestinal examination, and 4–6 h prior to the examination on the day of the examination Group A was given 3 L of PEG all in lukewarm water, Group B was given PEG 1.5 L of warm water + 1.5 L of iced tea drink mixture, Group C took PEG 1.5 L of warm water while alternating with 1.5 L of iced tea drink. The number of patient's bowel movements, nature of bowel movements, whether they vomited or not, whether they took all of them or not, evaluation of the taste of PEG purgative, and willingness to be re-examined were carried out in the three groups. The endoscopic medical staff objectively evaluated the clarity of bowel vision and bowel preparation scores and statistically analyzed them.
Results
In this study, there was no significant difference in defecation frequency and defecation characteristics among the three groups of patients (P > 0.05). However, in terms of whether the PEG solution was drunk, whether there was vomiting, and the taste of the bowel cleansing agent, group C performed significantly better than groups A and B (P < 0.01). Compared with Group A, Group B also performed better in these aspects. Group C also performed well in terms of Bowel Preparation Quality, Check willingness again, Clear view of intestines, and whether there were polyps, which was significantly higher than the other two groups (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
The overall evaluation of complex polyethylene glycol electrolyte powder taken alternately with iced tea beverage before colonoscopy was superior and clinical promotion is recommended.
Registration:
ChiCTR2300075025(2023-10-08).
An Association between Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants: A Retrospective Single Hospital-Based Cohort Study
Authors: MKWAMBE MAIKO Charles , Youping Deng , Zhao Dongchi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a condition characterized by high blood sugar levels during pregnancy, is increasingly prevalent globally. While resolving after delivery, GDM can have lasting implications for the developing fetus, particularly regarding neurodevelopmental outcomes. This association is garnering significant attention within the medical community, driving research into the underlying mechanisms and potential interventions. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants.
Methods
This Retrospective Single Based cohort study utilized data from 2018 to 2022 at Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University. A total of 1430 for gestational diabetic mothers and 1430 infants aged 0 to 12months were recruited in the study. Inclusion criteria: Mothers with confirmed diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, no pre-gestational diabetes mellitus. Infants aged 0 to 12months, born from gestational diabetic mothers.
Results
A total of 1430 infants, male 832(58.18%); Female 598(41.82%). Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was 75.61%. The overall Denver II Developmental Screening Test Results were; Normal 1370(95.80%), Abnormal 8(0.56%), Suspicious 44(3.10%) and Unable to Judge 8(0.56%). The probability of finding abnormal findings on DDST was higher on primiparity, p < 0.001; on normal head circumference, p = 0.002; on earliest infants’ age less than six months, p = 0.043; and on normal anterior fontanelle, p < 0.001. Mental response; infants with [(normal head circumference and microcephaly showed poor mental responses compared to macrocephaly infants p < 0.001); infants with low weight level, birth weights between 1-1.5k, 1.5-2.5kg and 2.5-4kg and normal anterior fontanelle showed abnormal mental responses; all p < 0.001]. Gender, maternal age, Gestational age, Delivery method, and Birth length, showed no statistically significant on mental response; p > 0.05.
Conclusion
The findings from this study underscore the significant impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on neurodevelopmental outcomes in exposed infants to GDM. Infants born to mothers with GDM showed varied neurodevelopmental and mental response impairments, with certain levels being more susceptible.
Performance Evaluation of Biopolymer-treated Black cotton soil
Authors: kirtimayee B , Dash Sabita , Rout Manasmita 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This paper investigates the effect of biopolymers i.e xanthan gum (XG) and gaur gum (GG) for stabilizing black cotton soil. In recent years, it was observed that the usage of biopolymers has significantly reduced environmental effects due to traditional stabilization process. Biopolymers are synthesized products of microorganisms and plants emerging as a suitable alternative to ground improvement. In the current experimental work individual and collective performance of xanthan gum and gaur gum has been observed. The variation of xanthan gum and gaur gum was kept as 2%, 3% and 5% of dry soil weight. The results showed a significant improvement in strength properties of soil. The OMC-MDD relation was assessed through both light and heavy compaction. Maximum dry density showed a noteworthy increment where as the optimum moisture content was found to decrease in case of heavy compaction. The trend was exactly opposite for OMC and MDD in case of light compaction. An increasing trend was observed in consistency limit values with increase in additive percentage. Overall it was observed that xanthan gum showed comparatively better performance than Gaur Gum.
Population-level effect of COVID-19 full vaccination coverage on transmission and mortality during Omicron variant dominance: a global longitudinal analysis
Authors: Ogbodo Stephen Chukwuma , Damba Joseph Junior , Olaoye Omotayo , Ofili Divine-Favour Chichenim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aim
Given the higher transmissibility of the SARS-CoV2 Omicron variant and associated concerns about reduced vaccine effectiveness, we assessed the population-level impact of COVID-19 vaccination on viral transmission and mortality during the period of global Omicron dominance.
Subject and Methods
: We used a longitudinal dataset of 110 countries over 16 months (January 2022 to April 2023), representing the period of global Omicron dominance. Applying country-level random effects regression models, we assessed the effect of lagged monthly full vaccination coverage on the monthly rates of new confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths across these countries, adjusting for a wide range of country characteristics and policy interventions. We obtained the data from open-access databases, including the WHO COVID-19 Dashboard and the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker.
Results
On average, each 1 percentage point increase in full vaccination coverage was associated with a 1.4% reduction (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1–2.8%, p = 0.035) in the rate of new cases and a 5% reduction (95% CI: 3.6–6.4%, p < 0.001) in the rate of deaths. This protective effect was graded across levels of vaccination coverage: compared to countries with vaccination coverages < 50%, countries with coverages of 50–59%, 60–69%, 70–79% and ≥ 80% had 20.5% (95% CI: -16.4–45.7%, p = 0.20), 53.8% (22.6–72.5%, p = 0.003), 54.3% (15.5–75.3%, p = 0.01), and 69.6% (38.7–84.9%, p < 0.001) lower rates of new cases respectively, on average.
Conclusion
Our findings underscore the crucial role of vaccination in mitigating the impact of pandemics, particularly during the emergence of highly transmissible variants like Omicron.
Predictors of mortality in emergency admissions screened for sepsis as part of the Commissioning for Quality and Innovation (CQUIN) sepsis indicator: a secondary analysis of a national linked dataset
Authors: Robinson Carla , Packer Simon , Howkins Joshua , Mulchandani Ranya , Lamagni Theresa , Brown Colin , Oliver Isabel , Reynolds Rosy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The Commissioning for Quality and Innovation (CQUIN) indicator on sepsis was introduced in 2015 to incentivise screening eligible emergency admissions for sepsis, with the aim to improve patient outcomes through early identification and timely treatment. The CQUIN sepsis indicator provides an alternative source of data which has potential in improving our understanding of sepsis epidemiology in England and for surveillance and monitoring purposes. Our objectives were to describe 30-day mortality when using CQUIN sepsis indicator data compared to Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data, determine whether the CQUIN sepsis screen result was a good predictor of mortality, and identify other independent predictors of mortality in emergency admissions being screened for sepsis in CQUIN.
Methods
This study was a secondary analysis of a national linked dataset which contains CQUIN sepsis indicator data for financial year 2017/18 from a random sample of 30 NHS hospital trusts in England, linked to HES data and Office for National Statistics mortality data. Descriptive and univariable analyses were conducted to explore differences in mortality for admissions who screened positive or negative for sepsis in CQUIN. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of 30-day mortality.
Results
30-day mortality for emergency admissions who screened positive for sepsis in CQUIN was 17% compared to 11% for admissions who screened negative. 30-day mortality differed when using CQUIN sepsis indicator data compared to HES data. We identified some evidence to suggest that the CQUIN sepsis screen result may be an independent predictor of 30-day mortality (adjusted OR, 1.27; 95% CI: 1.03–1.57). Other predictors of mortality included: age, respiratory infection, and the presence of comorbidities such as cancer, dementia, renal disease, liver disease and cardiovascular disease.
Conclusion
CQUIN sepsis screen identified emergency admissions who were more likely to have poor outcomes, though evidence was limited. Other independent predictors of mortality were identified. Variability in how the CQUIN sepsis indicator was applied limits use of the CQUIN sepsis indicator data, however, this study provides a foundation for further research to improve understanding of sepsis epidemiology in England and inform development of future indicators for clinical and surveillance purposes.
XBP1 activation elevates abnormal synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in hepatocytes to promote liver injury during anti-tuberculosis drug metabolism
Authors: Qian Yulan , JIANG YU , Son Quan , Guo Yuqing , Zhang Jianping , Wu Meiying , Pan Yunzhi , Ma Sai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to explore new mechanistic insight into the link between abnormal lipid metabolism and ATB-DILI.
Methods
We performed integrative analyses of RNA-Seq, ChIP-Seq, lipids mass spectrometry, in vivo and in vitro experiments, and clinical samples to identify the key pathways and molecules involved in the process of ATB-DILI.
Results
Our study revealed that the cellular polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) synthesis was abnormally activated in hepatocytes during anti-TB drug metabolism. The levels of phosphatidylethanolamine substrates, ferroptosis-related arachidonic acid, and key enzyme Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) were significantly up-regulated in ATB-DILI. Further exploration indicated that this phenomenon was linked to the endoplasmic reticulum stress factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). XBP1 activation significantly enhanced the synthesis of PUFAs, thereby increasing the level of lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis, ultimately resulting in ATB-DILI. Moreover, serum Apolipoprotein levels in A-IV (APOA4) and triglyceride were elevated and may serve as early warning biomarkers for ATB-DILI.
Conclusions
These results systematically revealed the importance of XBP1 as a therapeutic target, and clarified the feasibility of using APOA4 and triglyceride as novel early warning biomarkers for ATB-DILI.