bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boosting Orthographic Learning During Independent Reading
Authors: Nielsen Anne‐Mette Veber 
Published: June 2016

AbstractResearch has shown that phonological decoding is critical for orthographic learning of new words during independent reading. Moreover, correlational studies have demonstrated that the strength of orthographic learning is related to the orthographic knowledge with which readers approach a text. The present training study was conducted to assess experimentally whether this relation between prior orthographic knowledge and orthographic learning while reading is causal by assessing whether instruction designed to increase sublexical orthographic knowledge would facilitate orthographic learning during independent reading. A group of Danish‐speaking third graders (n = 21) was taught conditional spelling patterns conforming to the opaque Danish writing system, with emphasis on how to map the spellings onto their pronunciations. A matched control group (n = 21) received no treatment. Both groups were exposed to 12 novel words containing trained spelling patterns in an orthographic learning task. Posttests revealed a moderate transfer effect from training to orthographic learning, measured as the students’ ability to identify target word spellings in an orthographic choice task, and a strong transfer effect when measured as their ability to reproduce target word spellings in a spelling task. However, no advantage of explicit training over reading only could be detected when orthographic learning was measured as target word naming. The findings support the view that larger sound spelling units are used to form connections between spellings and pronunciations of words. Additionally, the findings support the view that preexisting orthographic knowledge is causally related to the degree and quality of orthographic learning during independent reading.
Examining the Nature of Scaffolding in an Early Literacy Intervention
Authors: Rodgers Emily , D'Agostino Jerome V. , Harmey Sinéad J. , Kelly Robert H. , Brownfield Katherine 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this study, we used Reading Recovery as the context to examine the relationship between three types of contingent teaching (temporal, instructional, and domain contingency) and student outcomes in a one‐to‐one literacy tutoring setting. We first created a National Teacher Effectiveness Index for all Reading Recovery teachers in the country and then used that index to identify two distinct groups of teachers from an existing data repository of 38 Reading Recovery teachers in training: those whose students had either lower average gain scores at the end of the school year (n = 6) or higher average gain scores (n = 4). We coded 1,199 teacher and student moves when they interacted at difficulty while reading a new book with teacher support. Results from hierarchical linear modeling analyses showed no significant differences for instructional contingency (the amount of information provided at difficulty), no main effects, and a nonsignificant interaction. Nor did we find statistically significant differences between the two groups of teachers for temporal contingency (the frequency of help). Dramatic differences existed, however, for domain contingency (what the teachers focused on when providing help). Specifically, teachers of students with higher outcomes had 8.3 greater odds of prompting students to use sources of information that they were neglecting while trying to decode a word. These findings provide needed information about the processes of scaffolding and have important implications not only for reading instruction and intervention but also for the ways in which scaffolding is studied.
Disulfiram chelated with copper promotes apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by impairing the mitochondria functions
Authors: Yang Yaping , Zhang Kefan , Wang Yawei , Li Mengjia , Sun Xiaoxue , Liang Zhihong , Wang Liwei , Chen Lixin , Yang Haifeng , Zhu Linyan 
Published: June 2016

SummaryDisulfiram (DSF) has been proved to have broad‐spectrum anti‐alcoholism effects, and it is also found to show stronger anti‐tumor effects after chelating with Cu2+ to form DSF‐Cu complex. In this work, we studied the anti‐tumor activity of DSF‐Cu in MCF‐7 cells by flow cytometry, confocal laser scanning microscope, and atomic force microscopy to clarify the underlying anti‐tumor mechanisms. MCF‐7 cells were incubated with 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 nM DSF chelated with 10 µM CuCl2 for 24 h. The results showed that DSF‐Cu could induce the accumulation of MCF‐7 cells in G2/M phase and apoptosis in a concentration‐dependent manner. Additionally, atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis at nanoscale level showed that the morphology of cell was significantly shrunk with destroyed filopodia and ultrastructure presented many irregular protuberances on the cell membrane after DSF‐Cu treatment, which was closely associated with the re‐arrangement of cytoskeleton. DSF‐Cu induced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in MCF‐7 cells resulting in a mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis pathway. The results indicated that DSF‐Cu has a potential anti‐tumor activity in breast cancer by impairing the mitochondria functions. SCANNING 38:825–836, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trypan blue as an affordable marker for automated live‐dead cell analysis in image cytometry
Authors: Melzer Susanne , Nunes Celio Siman Mafra , Endringer Denise Coutinho , de Andrade Tadeu Uggere , Tarnok Attila , Lenz Dominik 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe aim of the present study was to combine image cytometry and trypan blue (TB) exclusion staining for a reproducible high‐throughput detection of dead cells, enabling TB as an inexpensive marker, to be affordable for many studies and creating the possibility to combine fluorochromes without or with less spectral overlap. Capillary blood was drawn from a healthy volunteer, red blood cells were lysed and leukocyte cell death was induced. Samples were stained with CD45‐FITC, CD14‐PE, TB and DAPI, and then analyzed using image cytometry (iCys). TB quenching control tests were performed using DAPI and CD45‐FITC. Images were generated in .TIF and .JPEG format using iCys image cytometer. The images were analyzed using CellProfiler (CP) modules to optimize the analysis based on the aims of each phase of this study. CellProfiler Analyst (CPA) was used to classify cells throughout machine learning and to calculate sensibility of the classification. A sensitivity of 0.94 for dead cells and 0.99 for live cells was calculated using CPA. We did not see any quenching effects of the FITC staining. DAPI signal was reduced in the presence of TB. The results of the present study revealed that TB serves as a dead cell marker in an image cytometric analysis, being able to be combined with other fluorescence markers without loss of fluorescence intensity signal or overlapping emission spectrum. SCANNING 38:857–863, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Nexus Between Fiscal Policies and Sustainable Development
Authors: López Ramón E. , Figueroa B. Eugenio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper hypothesizes that fiscal policy is one important factor determining whether or not environmentally and socially sustainable economic growth is possible. We postulate that tax policies affect the incentives to make the economy more or less dependent on natural resources and the environment as factors of production. So‐called pro‐growth tax policies consisting of a low tax burden, low direct taxes but high indirect ones, affect the composition of factor endowment, often inducing overinvestment in physical capital and underinvestment in human capital, including education and health. These policies in part explain a structure of production heavily dependent on natural‐resource‐based and environmentally dirty industries. Moreover, these tax policies induce high levels of inequality, which ultimately may render economic growth socially and politically unsustainable. This analysis has important implications for Chile and for other developing countries, especially in Latin America, which are highly dependent on natural resources and have highly unequal income distributions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells are Readily Recoverable from Lung Tissue, but not the Alveolar Space, in Healthy Humans
Authors: Sinclair K. A. , Yerkovich S. T. , Chen T. , McQualter J. L. , Hopkins P. M-A. , Wells C. A. , Chambers D. C. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Stromal support is critical for lung homeostasis and the maintenance of an effective epithelial barrier. Despite this, previous studies have found a positive association between the number of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) isolated from the alveolar compartment and human lung diseases associated with epithelial dysfunction. We hypothesised that bronchoalveolar lavage derived MSCs (BAL-MSCs) are dysfunctional and distinct from resident lung tissue MSCs (LT-MSCs). In this study, we comprehensively interrogated the phenotype and transcriptome of human BAL-MSCs and LT-MSCs. We found that MSCs were rarely recoverable from the alveolar space in healthy humans, but could be readily isolated from lung transplant recipients by bronchoalveolar lavage. BAL-MSCs exhibited a CD90Hi, CD73Hi, CD45Neg, CD105Lo immunophenotype and were bipotent, lacking adipogenic potential. In contrast, MSCs were readily recoverable from healthy human lung tissue and were CD90Hi or Lo, CD73Hi, CD45Neg, CD105Int and had full tri-lineage potential. Transcriptional profiling of the two populations confirmed their status as bona fide MSCs and revealed a high degree of similarity between each other and the archetypal bone-marrow MSC. 105 genes were differentially expressed; 76 of which were increased in BAL-MSCs including genes involved in fibroblast activation, extracellular matrix deposition and tissue remodelling. Finally, we found the fibroblast markers collagen 1A1 and α-smooth muscle actin were increased in BAL-MSCs. Our data suggests that in healthy humans, lung MSCs reside within the tissue, but in disease can differentiate to acquire a profibrotic phenotype and migrate from their in-tissue niche into the alveolar space.
Postpartum Health Services Requested by Mothers with Newborns Receiving Intensive Care
Authors: Verbiest Sarah , McClain Erin , Stuebe Alison , Menard M. Kathryn 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Objectives Our pilot study aimed to build knowledge of the postpartum health needs of mothers with infants in a newborn intensive care unit (NICU). Methods Between May 2008 and December 2009, a Certified Nurse Midwife was available during workday hours to provide health care services to mothers visiting their infants in the NICU at a large tertiary care center. Results A total of 424 health service encounters were recorded. Maternal requests for services covered a wide variety of needs, with primary care being the most common. Key health concerns included blood pressure monitoring, colds, coughs, sore throats, insomnia and migraines. Mothers also expressed a need for mental health assessment and support, obstetric care, treatment for sexually transmitted infections, tobacco cessation, breastfeeding assistance, postpartum visits, and provision of contraception. Conclusions Our study suggests that mothers with babies in the NICU have a host of health needs. We also found that women were receptive to receiving health services in a critical care pediatric setting. Intensive care nurseries could feasibly partner with in-patient mother–baby units and/or on-site obstetric clinics to increase access to health care for the mothers of the high-risk newborns in their units. Modifications should be made within health care systems that serve high-risk infants to better address the many needs of the mother/baby dyad in the postpartum period.
Evaluation of the existing piled foundation based on piled–raft design philosophy
Authors: Abdel-Fattah Tarek T. , Hemada Amr A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Many well-documented case histories for conventionally designed large pile groups proved that this design approach is conservative and dramatically increases the cost of foundation without almost any benefit neither to geotechnical capacity of foundation nor to serviceability. Monitoring results of these case histories, especially in the case of floating piles, have shown low efficiency of pile capacity usage due to direct transfer of considerable part of the load to the supporting soil via the raft. In this paper, a proposed methodology for the combined-piled–raft design based on the conventional philosophy is applied to evaluate existing conventionally designed piled foundations of two identical residential towers located in Cairo, Egypt. The proposed methodology considers a conventional factor of safety for piles, and consequently, it does not violate the existing building codes. The three-dimensional finite-element analyses are performed to evaluate the load sharing between raft and piles. A detailed geotechnical investigation is carried out to obtain soil stratification and material parameters. The pile–soil interface parameters are obtained through back analyses of the available pile load tests. The results of the analyses show that the predicted geotechnical capacity of the combined piled–raft foundation system considering the conventional factor of safety for piles considerably exceeds the design capacity of the original conventional pile group.
Mortality and predictors of appropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in Japanese patients with Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II criteria
Authors: An Yoshimori , Ando Kenji , Soga Yoshimitsu , Nomura Akihiro , Nagashima Michio , Hayashi Kentaro , Makihara Yu , Fukunaga Masato , Hiroshima Ken‐ichi , Nobuyoshi Masakiyo , Goya Masahiko 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundData regarding long‐term mortality and factors influencing appropriate therapies in Japanese patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD), who satisfy the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II (MADIT II) criteria for primary prevention, remain scarce.MethodsA total of 118 consecutive patients who underwent ICD implantation without any prior ventricular arrhythmic event, from January 2000 to December 2012, were enrolled based on the MADIT II criteria: left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≤30% with ischemic heart disease and at least 4 weeks after a myocardial infarction. We investigated the mortality and factors influencing appropriate ICD therapies in this population.ResultsThe mean age was 69±10 years, and the mean LVEF was 25.1±4.5%. During the median follow up of 1406 days, the mortality rate was 20%, and the incidence of appropriate ICD therapy was 37% at 3 years. Multivariate analysis by using Cox regression model showed that left ventricular diastolic diameter ≥60 mm (hazard ratio [HR], 2.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–5.38; P=0.033) and the presence of non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) before implantation (HR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.17–4.39; P=0.015) were independent predictors of appropriate ICD therapy.ConclusionsThe mortality and incidence of appropriate ICD therapy were 20% and 37%, respectively, at 3 years in Japanese patients who met the MADIT II criteria during ICD implantation for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. The presence of NSVT and dilated left ventricle independently predicted the incidence of appropriate ICD therapy after implantation.
PRESERVATION OF SUSLIN TREES AND SIDE CONDITIONS
Authors: VENTURI GIORGIO 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe show how to force, with finite conditions, the forcing axiom PFA(T), a relativization of PFA to proper forcing notions preserving a given Suslin tree T. The proof uses a Neeman style iteration with generalized side conditions consisting of models of two types, and a preservation theorem for such iterations. The consistency of this axiom was previously known using a standard countable support iteration and a preservation theorem due to Miyamoto.
COMPATIBILITY OPERATORS IN ABSTRACT ALGEBRAIC LOGIC
Authors: ALBUQUERQUE HUGO , FONT JOSEP MARIA , JANSANA RAMON 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a unified framework that explains and extends the already successful applications of the Leibniz operator, the Suszko operator, and the Tarski operator in recent developments in abstract algebraic logic. To this end, we refine Czelakowski’s notion of an S-compatibility operator, and introduce the notion of coherent family of S-compatibility operators, for a sentential logic S. The notion of coherence is a restricted property of commutativity with inverse images by surjective homomorphisms, which is satisfied by both the Leibniz and the Suszko operators. We generalize several constructions and results already existing for the mentioned operators; in particular, the well-known classes of algebras associated with a logic through each of them, and the notions of full generalized model of a logic and a special kind of S-filters (which generalizes the less-known notion of Leibniz filter). We obtain a General Correspondence Theorem, extending the well-known one from the theory of protoalgebraic logics to arbitrary logics and to more general operators, and strengthening its formulation. We apply the general results to the Leibniz and the Suszko operators, and obtain several characterizations of the main classes of logics in the Leibniz hierarchy by the form of their full generalized models, by old and new properties of the Leibniz operator, and by the behaviour of the Suszko operator. Some of these characterizations complete or extend known ones, for some classes in the hierarchy, thus offering an integrated approach to the Leibniz hierarchy that uncovers some new, nice symmetries.
FRAÏSSÉ LIMITS OF C*-ALGEBRAS
Authors: EAGLE CHRISTOPHER J. , FARAH ILIJAS , HART BRADD , KADETS BORIS , KALASHNYK VLADYSLAV , LUPINI MARTINO 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe realize the Jiang-Su algebra, all UHF algebras, and the hyperfinite II1factor as Fraïssé limits of suitable classes of structures. Moreover by means of Fraïssé theory we provide new examples of AF algebras with strong homogeneity properties. As a consequence of our analysis we deduce Ramsey-theoretic results about the class of full-matrix algebras.
The Disc Origin of the Milky Way Bulge
Authors: Di Matteo P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Galactic bulge, that is the prominent out-of-plane over-density present in the inner few kiloparsecs of the Galaxy, is a complex structure, as the morphology, kinematics, chemistry, and ages of its stars indicate. To understand the nature of its main components—those at [Fe/H] ≳ −1 dex—it is necessary to make an inventory of the stellar populations of the Galactic disc(s), and of their borders: the chemistry of the disc at the solar vicinity, well known from detailed studies of stars over many years, is not representative of the whole disc. This finding, together with the recent revisions of the mass and sizes of the thin and thick discs, constitutes a major step in understanding the bulge complexity. N-body models of a boxy-/peanut-shaped bulge formed from a thin disc through the intermediary of a bar have been successful in interpreting a number of global properties of the Galactic bulge, but they fail in reproducing the detailed chemo-kinematic relations satisfied by its components and their morphology. It is only by adding the thick disc to the picture that we can understand the nature of the Galactic bulge.
Predicting the diagnosis of autism in adults using the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) questionnaire
Authors: Ashwood K. L. , Gillan N. , Horder J. , Hayward H. , Woodhouse E. , McEwen F. S. , Findon J. , Eklund H. , Spain D. , Wilson C. E. , Cadman T. , Young S. , Stoencheva V. , Murphy C. M. , Robertson D. , Charman T. , Bolton P. , Glaser K. , Asherson P. , Simonoff E. , Murphy D. G. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundMany adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) remain undiagnosed. Specialist assessment clinics enable the detection of these cases, but such services are often overstretched. It has been proposed that unnecessary referrals to these services could be reduced by prioritizing individuals who score highly on the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), a self-report questionnaire measure of autistic traits. However, the ability of the AQ to predict who will go on to receive a diagnosis of ASD in adults is unclear.MethodWe studied 476 adults, seen consecutively at a national ASD diagnostic referral service for suspected ASD. We tested AQ scores as predictors of ASD diagnosis made by expert clinicians according to International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 criteria, informed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic (ADOS-G) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) assessments.ResultsOf the participants, 73% received a clinical diagnosis of ASD. Self-report AQ scores did not significantly predict receipt of a diagnosis. While AQ scores provided high sensitivity of 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.72–0.82] and positive predictive value of 0.76 (95% CI 0.70–0.80), the specificity of 0.29 (95% CI 0.20–0.38) and negative predictive value of 0.36 (95% CI 0.22–0.40) were low. Thus, 64% of those who scored below the AQ cut-off were ‘false negatives’ who did in fact have ASD. Co-morbidity data revealed that generalized anxiety disorder may ‘mimic’ ASD and inflate AQ scores, leading to false positives.ConclusionsThe AQ's utility for screening referrals was limited in this sample. Recommendations supporting the AQ's role in the assessment of adult ASD, e.g. UK NICE guidelines, may need to be reconsidered.
The Early Bronze Age figurine from Hasanoğlan, central Turkey: new archaeometrical insights
Authors: Zimmermann Thomas , Özen Latif 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe following article discusses the archaeometrical dimension of a well-known Early Bronze Age metal figurine from Hasanoğlan, Turkey, on permanent display in the Anatolian Civilisations Museum in Ankara. The transfer of the object to a new display case allowed for an examination with a portable x-ray fluorescence (P-XRF) device in order to reveal the chemical composition of the statuette and its attached ornaments. The figurine was confirmed to be made of silver. However, it is alloyed with a small but still substantial amount of copper. The applications are basically made of gold, but with a suspected substantial (up to 23%) amount of silver involved. The final section of the article is dedicated to a critical comparison with recently published figurines from Alaca Höyük, together with an archaeological and chronological reappraisal of this unique piece of art.