bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dehydration methods on quality characteristics of yellow passion fruit co‐products
Authors: Silva Neiton C , Duarte Claudio R , Barrozo Marcos AS 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe production and processing of fruits generate a large amount of residues, which are usually disposed of or under‐used, representing losses of raw material and energy. The present paper investigates the effect of four dehydration techniques (convective, infrared, microwave and freeze‐drying) on yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) co‐products and the influence of the main variables on moisture removal and bioactive compounds. The compounds analyzed were total phenolics, total flavonoids, ascorbic acid and pectin.RESULTSThe content of phenolics and flavonoids increased after dehydration in all techniques investigated and the process temperatures directly affected the ascorbic acid content. Microwave dehydration showed the best results for most bioactive compounds analyzed, if performed in suitable process conditions. However, the highest levels of pectin content were obtained by freeze‐drying and convective dehydration.CONCLUSIONThis study reinforces the importance of the adequate use of passion fruit co‐products due to the high levels of bioactive compounds in this material. Microwave dehydration presented the best results, which indicates the potential use of this technique for a better exploitation of fruit co‐products. Larger quantities of pectin were extracted from samples dehydrated through methodologies with long‐time process and low temperatures, such as convective drying and freeze‐drying. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Changes in protein and starch digestibility in sorghum flour during heat–moisture treatments
Authors: Vu Thanh‐Hien , Bean Scott , Hsieh Chao‐Feng , Shi Yong‐Cheng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDHeat–moisture treatment (HMT) has been used to modify properties of sorghum starches. However, information is limited on the effects of HMT on the digestibility of starch and the concurrent changes in protein in sorghum flour. The objectives of this research were to identify heat–moisture conditions to increase the resistant starch (RS) content of sorghum flour and investigate changes in sorghum proteins and starch structure.RESULTSSorghum flours with different moisture contents (0, 125, 200, and 300 g kg−1 w.b.) were heated at three temperatures (100, 120 and 140 °C) and times (1, 2 and 4 h). HMT of sorghum flour increased its RS level. The flour treated at 200 g kg−1 moisture and 100 °C for 4 h had a high RS content (221 g kg−1 vs. 56 g kg−1 for the untreated flour). Starch was not gelatinized when sorghum flours heated at moisture content of 200 g kg−1 or below. Sorghum protein digestibility and solubility decreased during HMT. The increase in RS of sorghum flour upon HMT was attributed to enhanced amylose–lipid complexes and heat induced structural changes in its protein fraction.CONCLUSIONHMT can be used to increase RS content in sorghum flour without gelatinizing its starch, thereby providing sorghum flour with unique food applications. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of 6‐gingerol on physicochemical properties of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) surimi fortified with perilla oil during refrigerated storage
Authors: Mi Hongbo , Zhao Bo , Wang Cong , Yi Shumin , Xu Yongxia , Li Jianrong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDSurimi is produced from deboned fish muscle through washing to remove blood, lipids, sarcoplasmic proteins and other impurities. There is an increasing interest in the fortification of surimi with ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids because of their health benefits. However, lipid oxidation should be considered as an important factor during storage. Hence, in this study, the quality properties and oxidative stability of surimi fortified with 30 g kg−1 perilla oil (PO), or 5 g kg−1 6‐gingerol (GI) or their combination (PO+GI) was investigated.RESULTSPerilla oil significantly improved whiteness of surimi gel, but negatively influenced its gel strength, water holding capacity (WHC) and texture. However, there was no significant difference in texture properties among GI, PO+GI and control groups. During the whole storage period, GI and PO+GI groups had higher gel strength and WHC than control and PO groups. Moreover, lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), carbonyl content and total plate count (TPC) were observed in GI group compared with other groups.CONCLUSIONPerilla oil and 6‐gingerol could be applied together to effectively fortify surimi qualities. Additionally, 6‐gingerol could prevent lipid and protein oxidation and microbial growth of surimi during refrigerated storage. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Spatiotemporal dynamics of bacterial community composition in large shallow eutrophic Lake Taihu: High overlap between free‐living and particle‐attached assemblages
Authors: Tang Xiangming , Chao Jianying , Gong Yi , Wang Yongping , Wilhelm Steven W. , Gao Guang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn eutrophic lakes, heterotrophic bacteria are closely associated with algal detritus and play a crucial role in nutrient cycling. However, the seasonal and spatial dynamics of free‐living (FL) and particle‐attached (PA) bacteria and the environmental factors shaping this relationship remain poorly understood. To address this issue, we explored the spatiotemporal patterns of bacterial community composition (BCC) in Lake Taihu, China, using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) and 454‐tag pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene. We generated a total of 218,027 high quality non‐cyanobacterial sequence reads that resulted in 4940 OTUs (97% cutoff), with Actinobacteria, β‐ and α‐proteobacteria being the predominant taxa. Although PA communities contained significantly higher alpha‐diversity than FL ones, we found that 59% of OTUs, that accounted for 96% of the total reads, were shared by both communities. The high degree of overlap between FL and PA communities indicates a high rate of dispersal potential, highlighting an underestimated connectivity and potentially similar ecological role for these two components. Distinct seasonal trends were recorded in both FL and PA communities, while spatial differences in BCC were small. In addition, both FL and PA bacterial communities exhibited similar patterns and synchrony, correlated to water temperature, nitrate and total suspended solids (TSS). Accordingly, the effects of eutrophication and hydrodynamics on the phylogenetic overlap and diversity between FL and PA communities were discussed.
Production and persistence of bacterial and labile organic matter at the hypoxic water–sediment interface of the St. Lawrence Estuary
Authors: Hébert Mathieu , Tremblay Luc 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAmino acid (AA) l‐ and d‐enantiomers were quantified in whole seawater samples from the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary (LSLE) and the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL). The bottom waters of the LSLE display a recent decrease in dissolved O2 concentrations. Concentrations of AA, including bacterial d‐enantiomers of AA (d‐AA), generally decreased with depth, but sharply increased in the nepheloid layer of the LSLE (not in GSL) with values slightly exceeding those measured in surface waters. The organic matter (OM) in this nepheloid layer was also enriched in AA and d‐AA. Although the particles of the nepheloid layer contributed to less than 13% of total organic carbon (TOC) their contributions to total AA and AA concentration increase were estimated to be almost as important as the dissolved phase. Estimates indicated that bacterial OM represented 67.1–79.4% of TOC in the nepheloid layer of the LSLE, but 18.5–56.9% in the other analyzed waters. All the diagenetic indicators confirmed that the OM just above the sediment in the LSLE was on average less altered than in the rest of the water column or in the GSL. This study suggests that bacteria recycle relatively altered OM into biomass and bacterial dissolved OM near the water–sediment interface in the LSLE. The presence of heterogeneous OM and hypoxic conditions likely reduce OM degradation rate and thus allow for the accumulation of labile OM. Unfavorable conditions for OM degradation might be present in many areas and represent a negative feedback limiting O2 consumption and CO2 production.
Red light photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis using 37 J/cm2: Fractionated irradiation with 12.3 mW/cm2 after 30 minutes incubation time compared to standard continuous irradiation with 75 mW/cm2 after 3 hours incubation time using a mathematical modeling
Authors: Vignion‐Dewalle Anne‐Sophie , Baert Gregory , Devos Laura , Thecua Elise , Vicentini Claire , Mortier Laurent , Mordon Serge 
Published: April 2017

Objective and Study DesignPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging treatment modality for various diseases, especially for dermatological conditions. Although, the standard PDT protocol for the treatment of actinic keratoses in Europe has shown to be effective, treatment‐associated pain is often observed in patients. Different modifications to this protocol attempted to decrease pain have been investigated. The decrease in fluence rate seems to be a promising solution. Moreover, it has been suggested that light fractionation significantly increases the efficacy of PDT. Based on a flexible light‐emitting textile, the FLEXITHERALIGHT device specifically provides a fractionated illumination at a fluence rate more than six times lower than that of the standard protocol. In a recently completed clinical trial of PDT for the treatment of actinic keratosis, the non‐inferiority of a protocol involving illumination with the FLEXITHERALIGHT device after a short incubation time and referred to as the FLEXITHERALIGHT protocol has been assessed compared to the standard protocol. In this paper, we propose a comparison of the two above mentioned 635 nm red light protocols with 37 J/cm2 in the PDT treatment of actinic keratosis: the standard protocol and the FLEXITHERALIGHT one through a mathematical modeling.MethodsThis mathematical modeling, which slightly differs from the one we have already published, enables the local damage induced by the therapy to be estimated.ResultsThe comparison performed in terms of the local damage induced by the therapy demonstrates that the FLEXITHERALIGHT protocol with lower fluence rate, light fractionation and shorter incubation time is somewhat less efficient than the standard protocol. Nevertheless, from the clinical trial results, the FLEXITHERALIGHT protocol results in non‐inferior response rates compared to the standard protocol.ConclusionThis finding raises the question of whether the PDT local damage achieved by the FLEXITHERALIGHT protocol (respectively, the standard protocol) is sufficient (respectively, excessive) to destroy actinic keratosis cells. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:686–697, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Triazine‐Based Type‐II Photoinitiating System for Free Radical Photopolymerization: Mechanism, Efficiency, and Modeling
Authors: Christmann Julien , Allonas Xavier , Ley Christian , Ibrahim Ahmad , Croutxé‐Barghorn Céline 
Published: April 2017

Isopropylthioxanthone, a versatile photoinitiator (PI) for free radical photopolymerization (FRP), is combined with a triazine derivative (Tz) in a Type‐II photoinitiating system (PIS). Initiation ability of this system for acrylate photopolymerization is assessed using a diacrylate monomer. Involvement of a photoinduced electron transfer mechanism is demonstrated by time‐resolved spectroscopic measurements. Further insights in this mechanism are obtained through the use of a photopolymerization kinetic model taking into account the main reaction steps from the absorption of photons to the formation of the polymer. Prediction ability of the model is also tested with different initial concentrations of PI and co‐initiator, as well as a different Tz. This last experiment reveals the noticeable role of back electron transfer in the FRP mechanism of Type‐II PIS.
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Polymers Based on Benzodipyrrolidone and Naphthodipyrrolidone with Latent Hydrogen‐Bonding on the Main Chain
Authors: Zhang Haichang , Yang Kun , Chen Yu‐Ming , Bhatta Ram , Tsige Mesfin , Cheng Stephen Z. D. , Zhu Yu 
Published: April 2017

A series of soluble π‐conjugated small molecules and polymers containing benzodipyrrolidone (BDP) or naphthodipyrrolidone (NDP) units with latent hydrogen‐bonding on the main chain is synthesized and characterized. Spectroscopic study confirms that the tert‐butyloxycarbonyl (t‐Boc) side unit can be removed by facile thermal annealing treatment, generating the actual hydrogen‐bonded compounds. The resulting hydrogen‐bonded compounds exhibit distinctly different properties, for instance poorer solubility and smaller bandgap, as compared with their precursors with latent hydrogen‐bonding. The single crystal X‐ray structure analysis of t‐Boc group substituted BDP and NDP indicates that the NDP compounds exhibit better coplanarity and a stronger π–π interaction. The density functional theory computation results of the polymer backbone segments show that the coplanarity of aromatic units is slightly improved. Such a hydrogen‐bonding‐mediated enhancement of π–π stacking exhibits potential for improving the performance of solution processable organic electronic materials. Hydrogen‐bonded polymer P‐NDP‐FL‐2 is an air stable n‐type semiconductor with electron mobility 40 times larger than its precursor polymer P‐NDP‐FL‐1 with latent hydrogen‐bonding.
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Robust Heterogeneous Hydrogels with Dynamic Nanocrystal–Polymer Interface
Authors: Huang Heqin , Wang Yonggui , Wang Xiaojie , Rehfeldt Florian , Zhang Kai 
Published: April 2017

A kind of novel heterogeneous composite hydrogel with dynamic nanocrosslinkers is designed, which is built via the preorganized host–guest interaction on the surface of cellulose nanocrystals. The reversible β‐cyclodextrin/adamantane conjunctions and their gradual dissociation on the nanocrystal–polymer interface guarantee the compressibility and stretchability of the composite hydrogels. While the sacrificed toughening mechanism can be rebuilt in the as‐prepared hydrogels, it fails to be regenerated in the swollen hydrogels. This fact is originally due to the extreme mechanical contrast between rigid nanocrystals and the flexible polymer phase. This heterogeneity is largely amplified by the swelling process: polymer chains are prestretched between nanocrosslinkers and generate residual stress on the dynamic nanocrystal–polymer interface. Thus, this swelling‐induced heterogeneity resists the reassociation of the sacrificed β‐cyclodextrin/adamantane complexes. Furthermore, the unstable nanocrystal–polymer interface induces the crack propagate along the nanocrosslinker surface, which remarkably retards the crack propagation during the stretch.
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Organocatalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization: Perspectives on Catalyst Design and Performance
Authors: Theriot Jordan C. , McCarthy Blaine G. , Lim Chern‐Hooi , Miyake Garret M. 
Published: April 2017

The recent development of organocatalyzed atom transfer radical polymerization (O‐ATRP) represents a significant advancement in the field of controlled radical polymerizations. A number of classes of photoredox catalysts have been employed thus far in O‐ATRP. Analysis of the proposed mechanism gives insight into the relevant photophysical and chemical properties that determine catalyst performance. Discussion of each of the classes of O‐ATRP catalysts highlights their previous uses, their roles in the development of O‐ATRP, and the distinctive properties that govern their polymerization behavior, leading to a set of design principles for O‐ATRP catalysts. Remaining challenges for O‐ATRP are presented, as well as prospects for further improvement in the application scope of O‐ATRP.
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Aerobic and resistance exercise in systemic sclerosis: State of the art
Authors: de Oliveira Natália Cristina , Portes Leslie Andrews , Pettersson Henrik , Alexanderson Helene , Boström Carina 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionPatients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) experience reduced exercise capacity and muscle strength compared with healthy subjects. There are also indications of reduced levels of physical activity.ObjectiveTo present the current knowledge of physical exercise in SSc.ResultsMost studies presently available [three case studies, one single subject experimental design, one study comparing patients with healthy controls, one quasi experimental design (pre–post), two clinical trials and two random controlled trials] have included small samples of patients, mostly composed of patients with and without pulmonary involvement. It seems that patients with SSc without pulmonary involvement are able to perform and benefit from aerobic exercises of at least moderate intensity. Exercise tolerance, aerobic capacity, walking distance, muscle strength and muscle function as well as health‐related quality of life (HRQL) have been found to be improved after participation in programmes including aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise combined with resistance exercises. Improvements seem to be only partially retained at follow up. Patients with pulmonary involvement may also experience improved muscle strength, physical and aerobic capacity, as well as HRQL following exercise.ConclusionsPatients with SSc without pulmonary involvement can be recommended to be as physically active as the general population. Patients with mild pulmonary involvement can be recommended to be physically active by engaging in exercises of moderate intensity and to participate in moderate‐load resistance exercises. Health professionals should inform patients with SSc about the importance of physical activity and avoidance of a sedentary lifestyle.
Graue Eselchen: kein Märchen der Brüder Grimm
Authors: Bachmann Hans‐Gert , Offermanns Heribert 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHanau setzt beim Stadtmarketing auf den Claim: Brüder‐Grimm‐Stadt. Hanau könnte sich aber mit Fug und Recht Platinstadt nennen, denn bei der Platinscheidung, dem Recycling, der Metallurgie und Chemie des Platins hat Hanau Weltgeltung.
April, April: Trendbericht 2167
Authors: Le Blanc Thomas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEin Rückblick zum 300‐jährigen Jubiläum der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker zeigt, wie nützlich es ist, sich auf disruptive Veränderungen einzustellen. Dabei hat die Nanochemie gegenüber der Weltraumchemie gewonnen.
J‐NOST: Junge Organiker tagen zum zwölften Mal
Authors: Beil Sebastian B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEnde November fand in Lucknow im Nordosten Indiens die zwölfte J‐NOST‐Konferenz for Research Scholars statt. Bei der dreitägigen, durch den indischen National Organic Symposium Trust (NOST) organisierten Veranstaltung nahmen neben den indischen auch deutsche und englische Doktoranden teil, die sich über organische Chemie austauschten.
A stabilized multigrid solver for hyperelastic image registration
Authors: Ruthotto Lars , Greif Chen , Modersitzki Jan 
Published: April 2017

SummaryImage registration is a central problem in a variety of areas involving imaging techniques and is known to be challenging and ill‐posed. Regularization functionals based on hyperelasticity provide a powerful mechanism for limiting the ill‐posedness. A key feature of hyperelastic image registration approaches is their ability to model large deformations while guaranteeing their invertibility, which is crucial in many applications. To ensure that numerical solutions satisfy this requirement, we discretize the variational problem using piecewise linear finite elements, and then solve the discrete optimization problem using the Gauss–Newton method. In this work, we focus on computational challenges arising in approximately solving the Hessian system. We show that the Hessian is a discretization of a strongly coupled system of partial differential equations whose coefficients can be severely inhomogeneous. Motivated by a local Fourier analysis, we stabilize the system by thresholding the coefficients. We propose a Galerkin‐multigrid scheme with a collective pointwise smoother. We demonstrate the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed scheme, first on a two‐dimensional problem of a moderate size and then on a large‐scale real‐world application with almost 9 million degrees of freedom.
Nonlinear heterogeneous dynamic substructuring and partitioned FETI time integration for the development of low‐discrepancy simulation models
Authors: Bursi Oreste S. , Abbiati Giuseppe , Cazzador Enrico , Pegon Pierre , Molina Francisco J. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThis article presents a novel approach to model validation and to the calibration of complex structural systems, through the adoption of heterogeneous (numerical/physical) simulation based on dynamic substructuring (HDS). HDS isolates the physical sub‐system (PS) that contains the key region of nonlinear behavior of interest and is tested experimentally, separate from the remainder of the system, that is, the numerical sub‐system (NS), which is numerically simulated. A parallel partitioned time integrator based on the finite element tearing and interconnecting method plays a central role in solving the coupled system response, enabling a rigorous and stable synchronization between sub‐systems and a realistic interaction between PS and numerical sub‐system response. This feature enhances the quality of benchmarks for validation and calibration of low‐discrepancy models through virtual structural testing. As a proof of concept, we select an old reinforced concrete viaduct, subjected to seismic loading. Several HDS were conducted at the European Laboratory for Structural Assessment in Ispra (Italy) considering two physical piers and related concave sliding bearings as PSs of the heterogeneous system. As a result, the benefit of employing HDS to set benchmarks for model validation and calibration is highlighted, by developing low‐discrepancy FE models of critical viaduct components. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Control‐relevant parameter estimation application to a model‐based PHEV power management system
Authors: Taghavipour Amir , Masoudi Ramin , Azad Nasser L. , McPhee John 
Published: April 2017

SummaryExplicit model predictive control approach is a promising approach to fulfill automotive real‐time controls requirements. A key factor in the performance and real‐time capabilities of a predictive model‐based controller is the accuracy of the control‐oriented model. The control‐oriented model should capture the essential dynamics of the real plant and be adequately simple to make the controller implementable on a commercial hardware with limited memory and computational capabilities. In this study, control‐relevant parameter estimation is used to find a control‐oriented model for a real‐time predictive power management system for a plug‐in hybrid powertrain. Simulations, which are conducted using an equation‐based model of the powertrain, demonstrate a significant improvement of the power management system performance by improving the control‐oriented model with no effect on real‐time capabilities of the controller.