bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dust Abundance Variations in the Magellanic Clouds: Probing the Life-cycle of Metals with All-sky Surveys
Authors: Roman-Duval Julia , Bot Caroline , Chastenet Jeremy , Gordon Karl 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Observations and modeling suggest that dust abundance (gas-to-dust ratio, G/D) depends on (surface) density. Variations of the G/D provide timescale constraints for the different processes involved in the life cycle of metals in galaxies. Recent G/D measurements based on Herschel data suggest a factor of 5–10 decrease in dust abundance between the dense and diffuse interstellar media (ISM) in the Magellanic Clouds. However, the relative nature of the Herschel measurements precludes definitive conclusions as to the magnitude of those variations. We investigate variations of the dust abundance in the LMC and SMC using all-sky far-infrared surveys, which do not suffer from the limitations of Herschel on their zero-point calibration. We stack the dust spectral energy distribution (SED) at 100, 350, 550, and 850 microns from IRAS and Planck in intervals of gas surface density, model the stacked SEDs to derive the dust surface density, and constrain the relation between G/D and gas surface density in the range 10–100 M
⊙ pc−2 on ∼80 pc scales. We find that G/D decreases by factors of 3 (from 1500 to 500) in the LMC and 7 (from

to 2000) in the SMC between the diffuse and dense ISM. The surface-density-dependence of G/D is consistent with elemental depletions, and with simple modeling of the accretion of gas-phase metals onto dust grains. This result has important implications for the sub-grid modeling of galaxy evolution, and for the calibration of dust-based gas-mass estimates, both locally and at high redshift.
Multilinguisme et hétérogénéité des pratiques langagières. Nouveaux chantiers et enjeux du Global South
Authors: Léglise Isabelle 
Published: May 2017

Cet article présente d’abord quelques travaux récents dans l’étude du multilinguisme et de ses conséquences – linguistiques et sociales – en insistant sur des aspects méthodologiques. Il se fonde sur des exemples provenant de terrains situés dans les Suds et sur l’analyse de pratiques langagières hétérogènes qui obligent à revoir les catégories descriptives traditionnelles. Il présente ensuite des domaines – comme autant de chantiers à explorer – dans lesquels les enjeux du Global South sont particulièrement criants : dans le domaine de la citoyenneté linguistique (plutôt que des droits linguistiques), dans le domaine de l’éducation plurilingue et interculturelle et dans le domaine de la santé.
Les Linguistic Landscape Studies
Authors: Kelleher William 
Published: May 2017

Le champ des paysages linguistiques peut être compris comme la succession de deux vagues de recherche : une première vague qui met en exergue le quantitatif et les dynamiques de contact et de changement linguistiques ; et une seconde vague, plus ethnographique, qui explore la constitution sociale de la signification. La première vague donne lieu à des interrogations puissantes sur l’échantillonnage et l’interprétation des phénomènes linguistiques ainsi que sur le rôle institutionnel dans la production et la réception des artefacts. La seconde vague continue ce qui a souvent été une approche multimodale mais l’insère dans des cadres théoriques qui permettent des lectures critiques, une emphase sur l’interaction et sur les communautés de pratique.
Bath-Time and Cruising Time: Temporality, Domesticity, and Risk in Pinter
Authors: Hilson Mica 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Bringing several of Pinter's plays into conversation with theories of queer temporality, this article proposes that Pinter subverts conventional distinctions between the safe space and structured time of domestic routine and its supposed opposite, the risky space and messy temporality of queer life. I focus specifically on two activities associated with queer temporalities in these plays: cruising and bathing. The essay analyzes how gay male erotic cruising is depicted in The Collection (1961), No Man's Land (1975), and Victoria Station (1982), considering the techniques Pinter uses to place audiences in the subjective position of the cruiser. In addition, it examines the representation of bathing in The Homecoming (1965), Old Times (1971), and Family Voices (1981), arguing that Pinter represents bath-time as a free-floating idyll unmoored from commitments or expectations, but also suggests that it is incompatible with domesticity.
Double-crossing Time: Pinter Roughs Up the Past
Authors: Smith Susan Harris 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
One productive way to interpret Pinter's Betrayal as emanating from and building on the modernist tradition of what Suzanne Guerlac calls “thinking in time” is through a Benjaminian lens in which a traumatic confrontation triggering the sudden shifts in reverse chronology disrupts the expectations of realism. Pinter relies on a disruptive nonlinear narrative that moves toward disillusion and revelation, denies the distortion of nostalgia, and culminates in reclaiming what was lost and fixing what was found forever in his art.
In Time with Harold Pinter: The Homecoming
Authors: Burkman Katherine H. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
To be in time with playwright Harold Pinter is to experience his characters struggling with power and love. Looking at his play The Homecoming, one can see his characters inhabiting a kind of Eliotic, Beckettien wasteland, making them very contemporary, but like his other plays that are informed with ancient rituals and myths, a biblical myth makes this play timeless. The Homecoming reverberates with myth, this time the biblical story of Ruth. In the play Ruth as alien comes home and her return holds the promise of renewal as almost no other character does in modern drama. Ruth would seem to be victimized by her new family, who expects her to tend them sexually and provide income, but she takes over the family in a “ruthless” fashion, disposes of her virtually dead husband, and promises renewal for herself and a family who have been lost without the mother/wife who has died. Chekhov took us on the road, but Pinter brings us home.
Early Moravian Spirituality and Missionary Vision
Authors: Randall Ian 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
This article examines early Moravian mission, relating it to the spirituality of the Moravian community. The Moravian refugees, who had been given refuge in Germany by Count Zinzendorf, experienced a time of communal renewal in 1727. Out of this came prayer and world mission. The article argues that Moravian spirituality and missionary vision were closely connected. The community, Herrnhut, sent out the first missionaries in 1732, to the West Indies. This region became the focus of much of the early Moravian missionary endeavour, and this article examines some of the important aspects of Moravian spiritual experience, which translated into mission in the West Indies. The main features were an evangelical emphasis, openness to God's guidance, a stress on the Holy Spirit as Mother, teaching on the sacraments, and a life centred on Christ. Especially in the context of the West Indies, where the Moravians met mostly slaves, mission was associated with suffering. The Moravians sought to be alongside the slaves, and to speak about a suffering Christ who loved them. The last section of the article argues that the message was an empowering one.
Development of a copula‐based particle filter (CopPF) approach for hydrologic data assimilation under consideration of parameter interdependence
Authors: Fan Y. R. , Huang G. H. , Baetz B. W. , Li Y. P. , Huang K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, a copula‐based particle filter (CopPF) approach was developed for sequential hydrological data assimilation by considering parameter correlation structures. In CopPF, multivariate copulas are proposed to reflect parameter interdependence before the resampling procedure with new particles then being sampled from the obtained copulas. Such a process can overcome both particle degeneration and sample impoverishment. The applicability of CopPF is illustrated with three case studies using a two‐parameter simplified model and two conceptual hydrologic models. The results for the simplified model indicate that model parameters are highly correlated in the data assimilation process, suggesting a demand for full description of their dependence structure. Synthetic experiments on hydrologic data assimilation indicate that CopPF can rejuvenate particle evolution in large spaces and thus achieve good performances with low sample size scenarios. The applicability of CopPF is further illustrated through two real‐case studies. It is shown that, compared with traditional particle filter (PF) and particle Markov chain Monte Carlo (PMCMC) approaches, the proposed method can provide more accurate results for both deterministic and probabilistic prediction with a sample size of 100. Furthermore, the sample size would not significantly influence the performance of CopPF. Also, the copula resampling approach dominates parameter evolution in CopPF, with more than 50% of particles sampled by copulas in most sample size scenarios.
Adaptive robust output‐feedback motion control of hydraulic actuators
Authors: Li Xudong , Yao Jianyong , Zhou Changsheng 
Published: May 2017

SummaryMost previous advanced motion control of hydraulic actuators used full‐state feedback control techniques. However, in many cases, only position feedback is available, and thus, there are imperious demands for output‐feedback control for hydraulic systems. This paper firstly transforms a hydraulic model into an output feedback–dependent form. Thus, the K‐filter can be employed, which provides exponentially convergent estimates of the unmeasured states. Furthermore, this observer has an extended filter structure so that online parameter adaptation can be utilized. In addition, it is a well‐known fact that any realistic model of a hydraulic system suffers from significant extent of uncertain nonlinearities and parametric uncertainties. This paper constructs an adaptive robust controller with backstepping techniques, which is able to take into account not only the effect of parameter variations coming from various hydraulic parameters but also the effect of hard‐to‐model nonlinearities such as uncompensated friction forces, modeling errors, and external disturbances. Moreover, estimation errors that come from initial state estimates and uncompensated disturbances are dealt with via certain robust feedback at each step of the adaptive robust backstepping design. After that, a detailed stability analysis for the output‐feedback closed‐loop system is scrupulously checked, which shows that all states are bounded and that the controller achieves a guaranteed transient performance and final tracking accuracy in general and asymptotic output tracking in the presence of parametric uncertainties only. Extensive experimental results are obtained for a hydraulic actuator system and verify the high‐performance nature of the proposed output‐feedback control strategy.
A Ratiometric Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Quantification and Evaluation of Selenocysteine‐Protective Effects in Acute Inflammation
Authors: Han Xiaoyue , Song Xinyu , Yu Fabiao , Chen Lingxin 
Published: May 2017

Selenocysteine (Sec) is a primary kind of reactive selenium species in cells whose antioxidant roles in a series of liver diseases have been featured. However, it is difficult to determine Sec in living cells and in vivo due to its high reactivity and instability. This work reports a ratiometric near‐infrared fluorescent probe (Cy‐SS) for qualitative and quantitative determination of Sec in living cells and in vivo. The probe is composed of heptamethine cyanine fluorophore, the response unit bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) disulfide, and the liver‐targeting moiety d‐galactose. Based on a detection mechanism of selenium–sulfur exchange reaction, the concentrations of Sec in HepG2, HL‐7702 cells, and primary mouse hepatocytes is determined as 3.08 ± 0.11 × 10−6m, 4.03 ± 0.16 × 10−6m and 4.34 ± 0.30 × 10−6m, respectively. The probe can selectively accumulate in liver. The ratio fluorescence signal of the probe can be employed to quantitatively analyze the fluctuation of Sec concentrations in cells and mice models of acute hepatitis. The experimental results demonstrate that Sec plays important antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory roles during inflammatory process. And the levels of intracellular Sec have a close relationship with the degree of liver inflammation. The above imaging detections make this new probe a potential candidate for the accurate diagnosis of inflammation.
Development and characterization of pH‐responsive polyethylene glycol‐co‐poly(methacrylic acid) polymeric network system for colon target delivery of oxaliplatin: Its acute oral toxicity study
Authors: Barkat Kashif , Ahmad Mahmood , Usman Minhas Muhammad , Khalid Ikrima , Nasir Bushra 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn oral route of administration is a most acceptable route for a patient, so we designed chemically cross‐linked polyethylene glycol‐co‐poly(methacrylic acid) oral hydrogels (PEGMA 4000) by free radical polymerization method for pH‐responsive colon target delivery of oxaliplatin (OXP). Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) was cross‐linked chemically with methacrylic acid (MAA) in distilled water. Ammonium peroxodisulfate (APS) and N, N‐methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) were used as initiator and cross‐linker respectively. OXP was loaded in prepared hydrogels. FTIR, DSC, TGA, SEM, and XRD were conducted for characterization of developed hydrogels which endorsed the formation of new polymeric network. The pH‐sensitive behavior of hydrogels was observed by swelling dynamics and equilibrium swelling ratio at low (1.2) and higher pH (7.4). Toxicity study was also conducted on rabbits to evaluate toxicity and biocompatibility of developed carrier system to biological system. Hydrogels with higher PEG 4000 concentration showed maximum swelling and higher drug loading at 7.4 pH. Toxicity study confirmed the developed hydrogels as non‐toxic and biocompatible for biological system. Resultantly, these hydrogels can become an excellent candidates for colon targeting of OXP to treat colorectal cancer with no toxicity.
Age estimation of immature human skeletal remains from the dimensions of the girdle bones in the postnatal period
Authors: Cardoso Hugo F. V. , Spake Laure , Humphrey Louise T. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study provides classical calibration regression formulae for age estimation from the dimensions of unfused shoulder and pelvic girdle bones.Materials and methodsAge estimation models were derived from a sample of 160 known age and sex individuals (63 females and 97 males) aged birth to 12 years, selected from Portuguese and English skeletal collections. The sample was divided into two age groups at the age of 2 years, and formulae were obtained for the sexes separately and combined.ResultsMeasurements of the pelvis provide more precise age estimates than the shoulder. In the younger age group, the height and width of the ilium, and the height of the glenoid yield the most precise age estimates. In the older age group, the length of the clavicle provides the most precise estimates, followed by measurements of the pubis and ischium.DiscussionIn the younger individuals (<2 years), age estimates based on measurements of the pelvic girdle seem to be as or more precise than those based on the length of long bones. In older individuals (≥2 years), estimates based on the measurements of the girdles are less precise than those based on the length of long bones. These age estimation formulae may be useful for fragmentary and incomplete material in archaeological and forensic contexts. The formulae are suitable for a variety of archeological populations living under adverse conditions. These conditions are similar to some “developing” countries, and hence the formulae may also be applicable to modern forensic remains from such environments.
Trabecular and cortical bone structure of the talus and distal tibia in Pan and Homo
Authors: Tsegai Zewdi J. , Skinner Matthew M. , Gee Andrew H. , Pahr Dieter H. , Treece Graham M. , Hublin Jean‐Jacques , Kivell Tracy L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesInternal bone structure, both cortical and trabecular bone, remodels in response to loading and may provide important information regarding behavior. The foot is well suited to analysis of internal bone structure because it experiences the initial substrate reaction forces, due to its proximity to the substrate. Moreover, as humans and apes differ in loading of the foot, this region is relevant to questions concerning arboreal locomotion and bipedality in the hominoid fossil record.Materials and methodsWe apply a whole‐bone/epiphysis approach to analyze trabecular and cortical bone in the distal tibia and talus of Pan troglodytes and Homo sapiens. We quantify bone volume fraction (BV/TV), degree of anisotropy (DA), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), bone surface to volume ratio (BS/BV), and cortical thickness and investigate the distribution of BV/TV and cortical thickness throughout the bone/epiphysis.ResultsWe find that Pan has a greater BV/TV, a lower BS/BV and thicker cortices than Homo in both the talus and distal tibia. The trabecular structure of the talus is more divergent than the tibia, having thicker, less uniformly aligned trabeculae in Pan compared to Homo. Differences in dorsiflexion at the talocrural joint and in degree of mobility at the talonavicular joint are reflected in the distribution of cortical and trabecular bone.DiscussionOverall, quantified trabecular parameters represent overall differences in bone strength between the two species, however, DA may be directly related to joint loading. Cortical and trabecular bone distributions correlate with habitual joint positions adopted by each species, and thus have potential for interpreting joint position in fossil hominoids.
Application of geographic information systems to investigating associations between social status and burial location in medieval Trino Vercellese (Piedmont, Italy)
Authors: Stewart Marissa C. , Vercellotti Giuseppe 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesSocioeconomic status differences in skeletal populations are often inferred from skeletal indicators of stress and burial location. However, to date, the association between osteometric parameters and spatial location in relation to socioeconomic status in medieval Italy has not been explicitly tested.Materials and MethodsThis study examined the spatial distribution of osteometric data in the medieval (8th–13th c.) cemetery of San Michele di Trino (Trino Vercellese, VC, Italy) to determine whether skeletal correlates of socioeconomic status correspond with privileged burial locations. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that greater growth outcomes are associated with privileged burials located inside the church by examining osteometric data (femoral bicondylar length [N = 74], maximum tibial length [N = 62], and the sum of the two measurements [N = 59]) in a geographic information system (GIS) of the cemetery.ResultsGetis‐Ord G Hot Spot analysis identified significant (90% CI) spatial clustering of high osteometric values within the church, while low values clustered in areas of the cemetery farther from the church. These results, supported by the results of interpolation analyses, became more pronounced when z‐scores were calculated to combine the male and female samples and the analyses were repeated.DiscussionOverall, the findings corroborate the observation that the spatial distribution of osteometric data reflects socioeconomic status differences within the population. This research exemplifies the advantages of integrating bioarchaeology and spatial analysis to examine mortuary behavior and health outcomes in highly stratified societies where access to resources is demarcated in both life and in death.
Occupational manual activity is reflected on the patterns among hand entheses
Authors: Karakostis Fotios Alexandros , Hotz Gerhard , Scherf Heike , Wahl Joachim , Harvati Katerina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectivesIn anthropological sciences, entheses are widely utilized as occupational stress markers. However, the reaction of entheseal surfaces to mechanical loading is not well understood. Furthermore, previous studies on entheses relied on the individuals' occupation‐at‐death. Past research by one of us has identified two patterns among hand entheses, proposing that they reflect two synergistic muscle groups. Here, we investigate the association between these patterns and habitual manual activity using an extensively documented skeletal sample and a three‐dimensional system of quantification.Materials and MethodsThe hand bones utilized belong to 45 individuals from mid‐19th century Basel. These were male adults (18 to 48 years old) who were not directly related, showed no manual pathological conditions, and whose occupational activities during their lifetime were clearly documented and could be evaluated according to historical sources. The patterns of entheses were explored using principal component analysis on both raw and size‐adjusted variables. The influence of age‐at‐death, body mass, and bone length was assessed through correlation tests.ResultsThe analysis showed that the previously proposed patterns of entheses are present in our sample. Individuals with the same or comparable occupations presented similar entheseal patterns. These results were not considerably affected by entheseal overall size, age‐at‐death, body mass, or bone length.DiscussionIndividuals involved in intense manual labor during their lifetime presented a distinctive pattern of hand entheses, consistent with the application of high grip force. By contrast, individuals with less strenuous and/or highly mechanized occupations showed an entheseal pattern related to the thumb intrinsic muscles.
Theoretische Abhandlung über CH3NH3PbI3‐Perowskit‐Solarzellen
Authors: Yun Sining , Zhou Xiao , Even Jacky , Hagfeldt Anders 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHybrid‐Halogenid‐Perowskit‐Solarzellen (PSCs) mit Wirkungsgraden über 22 % haben große Aufmerksamkeit auf sich gezogen. Trotz verstärkter Forschungen konnten die mit Perowskiten in PSCs zusammenhängenden grundlegenden Theorien aber noch nicht geklärt werden. In diesem Kurzaufsatz beurteilen wir die derzeitigen Erkenntnisse basierend auf “First‐Principles”‐Berechnungen zu Struktur, elektronischen Eigenschaften, Defekten, Ionendiffusion und Verschiebestrom von CH3NH3PbI3‐Perowskit sowie auf dem Einfluss des Ionentransports auf die Hysterese der Strom‐Spannungs‐Kennlinie in PSCs. Der mit einer möglicherweise vorhandenen Ferroelektrizität verbundene Verschiebestrom wird ebenfalls diskutiert. Außerdem werden der derzeitige Wissensstand und einige offene Fragen hinsichtlich PSCs hervorgehoben, und die Vorteile, Herausforderungen und das Potenzial der Perowskit‐Materialien werden betont.
Transition‐Metal Nitride Core@Noble‐Metal Shell Nanoparticles as Highly CO Tolerant Catalysts
Authors: Garg Aaron , Milina Maria , Ball Madelyn , Zanchet Daniela , Hunt Sean T. , Dumesic James A. , Román‐Leshkov Yuriy 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCore–shell architectures offer an effective way to tune and enhance the properties of noble‐metal catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate the synthesis of Pt shell on titanium tungsten nitride core nanoparticles (Pt/TiWN) by high temperature ammonia nitridation of a parent core–shell carbide material (Pt/TiWC). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed significant core‐level shifts for Pt shells supported on TiWN cores, corresponding to increased stabilization of the Pt valence d‐states. The modulation of the electronic structure of the Pt shell by the nitride core translated into enhanced CO tolerance during hydrogen electrooxidation in the presence of CO. The ability to control shell coverage and vary the heterometallic composition of the shell and nitride core opens up attractive opportunities to synthesize a broad range of new materials with tunable catalytic properties.