bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adolescent self‐harm and risk factors
Authors: Zhang Jixiang , Song Jianwei , Wang Jing 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to define the characteristics of adolescents who have engaged in self‐harm behavior and ascertain the risk factors.MethodsFrom January 2013 to January 2014, 4,176 adolescents from senior middle schools in Linyi, China, were administered four questionnaire surveys to ascertain the following: incidence of self‐harm behavior regarding the frequency of different self‐harm behaviors by group (never/one to five times/greater than five times in the last 6 months) and then comparing the self‐harm behavior of the different subgroups; symptom self‐check, comparing the differences between the adolescents with self‐harm behavior and without in nine subscales (somatization, obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, fear, paranoid, and psychosis); Adolescent Self‐Rating Life Events Check List scores; and Egna Minnenav Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU) scores. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors of self‐harm in adolescents.ResultsThe incidence of adolescent self‐harm was 27.60%; the occurrence of adolescent self‐harm was closely related to their mental health status, stressful life events, and EMBU. Being female, an urban student, or an only child; having poor school performance or experiences of stressful life events, harsh parenting styles, or excessive interference; and poor mental health were the risk factors for adolescent self‐harm.ConclusionsThe incidence of adolescent self‐harm was high, and their mental health status, stressful life events, and EMBU affected the occurrence of adolescent self‐harm, which is an issue that needs greater attention.
Efficacy of the GemOx‐R regimen leads to the identification of Oxaliplatin as a highly effective drug against Mantle Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Obrador‐Hevia Antònia , Serra‐Sitjar Margalida , Rodríguez José , Belayachi Lamiae , Bento Leyre , García‐Recio Marta , Sánchez Jose María , Villalonga Priam , Gutiérrez Antonio , Fernández de Mattos Silvia 
Published: May 2016

SummaryMantle Cell Lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive lymphoma subtype that accounts for 6–8% of non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. The disease is mostly incurable and characterized by a continuous pattern of relapse. Major changes have recently been implemented in the management of MCL, but continuous relapses still mark this disease as a challenge for clinicians. We previously reported the efficacy of GemOx‐R (Gemcitabine, Oxaliplatin and Rituximab) in patients with refractory and relapsing MCL. We present results for a larger series with longer follow‐up and including high‐risk frontline patients, showing an overall response rate of 83%. The efficacy of each component of GemOx‐R was evaluated in a panel of MCL cell lines. Also, patient‐derived primary cells were used in ex vivo experiments. The results show that oxaliplatin has a profound effect on cellular viability and is the most effective drug within this regimen. We further present synergistic efficacy of oxaliplatin combined with cytarabine in MCL cells. Interestingly, this synergistic effect was not seen when cisplatin and cytarabine were combined, indicating that among the platinum‐derived agents oxaliplatin may be the preferred approach. Taken together our findings suggest that oxaliplatin alone or combined with cytarabine could constitute an alternative backbone for MCL regimens.
Type D personality is related to severity of acute coronary syndrome in patients with recurrent cardiovascular disease
Authors: Garcia‐Retamero Rocio , Petrova Dafina , Arrebola‐Moreno Antonio , Catena Andrés , Ramírez‐Hernández José A. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate the relationship between Type D (distressed) personality and cardiac biomarkers of disease severity in patients with acute coronary syndrome. To identify potential mechanisms behind the effect of Type D personality on cardiovascular disease (CVD).DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsPatients (N = 215) with acute coronary syndrome completed a survey including a measure of Type D personality. Blood samples including a lipid profile and cardiac enzymes were taken within 3 days after the cardiovascular event. Data were analysed using simple correlations, multiple regressions, and mediation analyses.ResultsType D personality was more predictive of severity of the acute coronary syndrome among patients with previous CVD compared to patients without previous CVD. Among patients with previous CVD, Type D personality was associated with the presence of ST elevation (R2 =.07) and more damage to the myocardium as indicated by higher troponin‐I (R2 = .05) and myoglobin (R2 = .07) levels. These effects were independent from demographics, CV risk factors, and depression. Lower HDL cholesterol levels mediated the relationship between Type D personality and disease severity (Κ2 = .12 [95% CI 0.02, 0.28]) for myoglobin and Κ2 = .08 [95% CI 0.01, 0.21] for troponin‐I).ConclusionType D personality was related to a worse lipid profile and more severe acute coronary syndrome in patients with previous history of CVD. Given the strong relationship between disease severity and subsequent mortality, these results suggest that severity of the myocardial infarction may be a potential mechanism explaining increased mortality in Type D patients with recurrent CVD.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Type D personality has been related to worse outcomes in cardiac patients.

However, recent studies show mixed results, suggesting the need to clarify potential mechanisms.

What does this study add?

Type D personality is related to severity of acute coronary syndrome in patients with previous history of cardiovascular disease.

This effect is partially accounted for by lower HDL levels in Type D patients.

Disease severity is a potential mechanism by which Type D personality may affect cardiovascular health of patients with recurrent CVD.
Life events and functional somatic symptoms: A population study in older adolescents
Authors: Bonvanie Irma J. , Janssens Karin A. M. , Rosmalen Judith G. M. , Oldehinkel Albertine J. 
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of negative life events on functional somatic symptoms (FSSs) in adolescents, based on data from 957 participants of the population cohort TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey. Life events experienced between age 16 and age 19 were assessed with the Kendler's Life Stress interview. FSSs at age 19 and age 16 were measured with the Youth and Adult Self‐Report. The hypotheses were tested by the use of a latent change model. Life events predicted FSSs, even when adjusted for pre‐event levels of FSSs, symptoms of anxiety and depression, and socio‐economic status (B = 0.006, 95% CI [0.003, 0.008], β = .32). Whereas illness‐related life events did not predict FSSs independently (B = −0.003, 95% CI [−0.005, 0.09], β = .05), non‐illness‐related life events did (B = 0.007, 95% CI [0.004, 0.010], β = .31). A past‐year diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression had a significant influence on the association between life events and FSSs (B = 0.37, 95% CI [0.30, 0.46], β = .71), while female sex, exposure to childhood adversities, and family malfunctioning had not. In conclusion, our findings show that FSSs are associated with negative life events in older adolescents. We did not find evidence for stronger effects of illness‐related events.
Estimating the risks and benefits of active surveillance protocols for prostate cancer: a microsimulation study
Authors: de Carvalho Tiago M. , Heijnsdijk Eveline A.M. , de Koning Harry J. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveTo estimate the increase in prostate cancer mortality (PCM) and the reduction in overtreatment resulting from different active surveillance (AS) protocols, compared with treating men immediately.Patients and MethodsWe used a microsimulation model (MISCAN‐Prostate), with the natural history of prostate cancer based on European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer data. We estimated the probabilities of referral to radical treatment while on AS, depending on disease stage, using data from the Johns Hopkins AS cohort. We sampled 10 million men, representative of the US population, and projected the effects of applying AS protocols that differed by time between biopsies and compared these with the effects of treating men immediately.ResultsWe found that AS with yearly follow‐up biopsies for men with low‐risk prostate cancer (≤ T2a stage and Gleason 6) increases the probability of PCM to 2.6% (1% increase) and reduces overtreatment from 2.5 to 2.1% (18.4% reduction). With biopsies every 3 years after the first year, PCM increases by 2.3% and overtreatment reduces from 2.5 to 1.9% (30.3% reduction). The inclusion of men in the intermediate‐risk group (> T2a stage or Gleason 3+4) in AS protocols increases PCM by 2.7% and reduces overtreatment from 2.5 to 2.0% (23.1% reduction). These results may not apply to African‐American men.ConclusionsOffering AS to men with low‐risk prostate cancer is relatively safe. Increasing the biopsy interval from yearly to up to every 3 years after the first year will significantly reduce overtreatment among men in the low‐risk group, with limited PCM risk.
Oral contraceptives versus physical exercise on cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Orio F. , Muscogiuri G. , Giallauria F. , Savastano S. , Bottiglieri P. , Tafuri D. , Predotti P. , Colarieti G. , Colao A. , Palomba S. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundAlthough oral contraceptives (OCs) are one the most widespread therapy in young polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women and physical exercise represents a crucial first step in the treatment of overweight and obese PCOS, no studies were performed to compare the effects on cardiovascular risk (CVR) of OCs and physical exercise in PCOS.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of OCs administration and physical exercise on the CVR, clinical, hormonal and metabolic parameters in PCOS women.MethodsOne hundred and fifty PCOS women were enrolled and were randomized to OCs (3 mg drospirenone plus 30 μg ethinyloestradiol), structured exercise training programme (SETP) or polyvitamin tablets. The intervention phase study was of 6 months. Primary outcome was intima–media thickness (IMT) and flow‐mediated dilation (FMD). Secondary outcomes were clinical, hormonal and metabolic changes.ResultsA significant reduction of IMT and a significant increase of FMD were observed in the SETP group after treatment. Compared to baseline, in the SETP group, a significant improvement in anthropometric measures, insulin sensitivity indexes, lipid profile, cardiopulmonary function, inflammatory markers and frequency of menses was observed. Oral contraceptives use was associated with a significant decrease of hyperandrogenism and a significant improvement of frequency of menses. Further, OCs use had a neutral effect on CVR risk factors.ConclusionOCs effectively treat hyperandrogenism and menstrual disturbances, while SETP is more effective in improving cardiometabolic profile and cardiopulmonary function in PCOS.
Impact of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cell Infusion on Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Pilot, 2‐Year Observational Study
Authors: Fu Ying , Yan Yaping , Qi Yuan , Yang Li , Li Ting , Zhang Ningnannan , Yu Chunshui , Su Lei , Zhang Rui , Shen Yi , Lin Song , Liu Qiang , Shao Zonghong , Han Zhongchao , Shi Fu‐Dong 
Published: May 2016

SummaryAimsWe evaluate safety and efficacy of autologous bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a potential treatment for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).MethodsFifteen patients with NMOSD were recruited. All patients received a single intravenous infusion of 1.0 × 108 autologous MSC within 3–4 generations derived from bone marrow. The primary endpoints of the study were efficacy as reflected by reduction in annualized relapse rates (ARRs) and inflammatory lesions observed by MRI.ResultsAt 12 months after MSC infusion, the mean ARR was reduced (1.1 vs. 0.3, P = 0.002), and the T2 or gadolinium‐enhancing T1 lesions decreased in the optic nerve and spinal cord. Disability in these patients was reduced (EDSS, 4.3 vs. 4.9, P = 0.021; visual acuity, 0.4 vs. 0.5, P = 0.007). The patients had an increase in retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, optic nerve diameters and upper cervical cord area. We did not identify any serious MSC‐related adverse events. At 24 months of MSC infusion, of 15 patients, 13 patients (87%) remained relapse‐free, the mean ARR decreased to 0.1; the disability of 6 patients (40%) was improved, and the mean EDSS decreased to 4.0.ConclusionsThis pilot trial demonstrates that MSC infusion is safe, reduces the relapse frequency, and mitigates neurological disability with neural structures in the optic nerve and spinal cord recover in patients with NMOSD. The beneficial effect of MSC infusion on NMOSD was maintained, at least to some degree, throughout a 2‐year observational period.
miR‐375 controls porcine pancreatic stem cell fate by targeting 3‐phosphoinositide–dependent protein kinase‐1 (Pdk1)
Authors: Hu Shuxian , Zhang Mingzhi , Sun Fen , Ren Lipeng , He Xin , Hua Jinlian , Peng Sha 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectivesmiR‐375 is one of the highly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) found in pancreatic islets of both humans and mice. In this study, we investigated functions of miRNA miR‐375 in porcine pancreatic stem cells (PSC).Materials and methodsWe transfected mimic and inhibitor of miR‐375 in PSCs to measure functional roles of the microRNA and its effects on cell cycle proliferation and cell differentiation were determined. Luciferase assays were also performed to reveal the target gene of miR‐375.ResultsOverexpression of miR‐375 suppressed proliferation, promoted apoptosis and inhibited differentiation into islet‐like cells. PDK1 was identified as being a target of miR‐375. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of miR‐375 inhibited activation of the PDK1‐AKT signalling pathway.ConclusionmiR‐375 directly targeted PDK1 in porcine PSCs, suppressing cell proliferation and differentiation into islet‐like cells.
Early lymphocyte recovery predicts superior outcomes after unmanipulated haploidentical blood and marrow transplant for acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Fu Qiang , Xu Lan‐Ping , Zhang Xiao‐Hui , Wang Yu , Chang Ying‐Jun , Huang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe investigated whether early lymphocyte recovery, after unmanipulated haploidentical blood and marrow transplant (HBMT), affected clinical outcomes in 134 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Lymphocyte recovery was based on the absolute lymphocyte count on day 30 (ALC‐30). Patients with high ALC‐30 (≥294 cells/μL) had higher overall survival (OS) (77.6% vs 59.7%, P=.020) and higher leukemia‐free survival (LFS) (74.6% vs 53.7%, P=.016) than those with low ALC‐30 values. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a high ALC‐30 was associated with improved overall survival (HR: 0.443, 95% CI: 0.233–0.841; P=.013) and LFS (HR: 0.499, 95% CI: 0.275–0.906; P=.022). Our results suggest that the ALC‐30 can predict a superior outcome after unmanipulated HBMT.
In vivo recombination efficiency of two site‐specific recombination systems, VCre/VloxP and SCre/SloxP, in medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Kishimoto Kenta , Nakayama Manabu , Kinoshita Masato 
Published: May 2016

The present study delineates the in vivo efficiency of two site‐specific recombination systems, VCre/VloxP and SCre/SloxP, in medaka (Oryzias latipes). VCre, SCre, and Cre RNA was microinjected into fertilized medaka eggs belonging to three transgenic lines harboring VloxP, SloxP, and loxP cassette. VCre induced site‐specific recombination specifically at VloxP sequence and SCre at SloxP sequence without any cross‐reactivity. These findings provide two novel alternative recombination systems in vivo in addition to the existing Cre/loxP and Flp/FRT systems, thus enabling sophisticated gene expression in model organisms.
Misconceptions About the Caliphate in Islam
Authors: Azmeh Wayel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThree common misconceptions about the caliphate in Islam are explored alleging: 1) that there has been only one caliph at a given time governing all Muslims, uninterrupted until the caliphate system was abolished in 1924, 2) that caliphs governed vast territories, 3) that God in Islam mandates a blueprint for governance called the caliphate. This essay begins with the role the caliphate played in agendas of Islamic movements over the last 100 years. Then the historic development of the caliphate is discussed providing the background to explore the first two misconceptions. The third misconception is consequently addressed through a linguistic, Qur'anic, and historical analysis of the word “caliphate.” The fact that neither the Qur'an, nor the Prophet saw himself as a head of state is explored, and the misappropriation of the word “constitution” to replace the word “pact” in “the pact of Medina” is pointed out. A simple classification of three types of “caliphates” is suggested, emphasizing the wide range of connotations it conveys. Finally, counterarguments using the Qur'an and Hadith are addressed. The essay concludes with the idea that what makes a state Islamic are not name nor its structure, but rather its orientation towards Qur'anic ethical values.
Operation‐based approach for documenting software architecture knowledge
Authors: Roldán María Luciana , Gonnet Silvio , Leone Horacio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDocumenting architectural knowledge is a tedious and time‐consuming task from the knowledge producer's point of view. As a consequence, design decisions, the underlying rationale, and the resulting designs are poorly documented. We propose to alleviate this problem by introducing an operation‐based model for documenting software architecture design processes, which makes possible to capture architectural knowledge in a non‐intrusive way as the design process takes place. By means of a flexible model that makes possible the definition and execution of different level's operations, such as operations that enclose patterns and tactics semantics, we ensure codification of general architectural knowledge and enable its recovering to use it in several design projects. From the knowledge consumers' point of view, the model provides tracing capabilities and useful mechanisms for architectural knowledge recovering.
Effect of salinity on mass and energy transport by hydrothermal fluids based on the physical and thermodynamic properties of H2O‐NaCl
Authors: Klyukin Yu. I. , Driesner T. , Steele‐MacInnis M. , Lowell R. P. , Bodnar R. J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractVarious thermodynamic properties of H2O that are defined as pressure or temperature derivatives of some other variable, such as isothermal compressibility (β, pressure derivative of density), isobaric thermal expansion (α, temperature derivative of density), and specific isobaric heat capacity (cf, temperature derivative of enthalpy), all show large magnitudes near the critical point, reflecting large variations in fluid density and specific enthalpy with small changes in temperature and pressure. As a result, mass (related to fluid density) and energy (related to fluid enthalpy) transport in this PT region are sensitive to changing PT conditions. Addition of NaCl to H2O causes the region of anomalous behavior, here defined as the critical region, to migrate to higher temperatures and pressures. The critical region is defined as that region of PT space in which the dimensionless reduced susceptibility ≥ 0.5. When NaCl is added to H2O, the critical region migrates to higher temperature and pressure. However, the absolute magnitudes of thermodynamic properties that are defined as temperature and/or pressure derivatives (α, β, and cf) all decrease with increasing salinity. Thus, the mass and energy transporting capacities of hydrothermal fluids in the critical region become less sensitive to changing PT conditions as the salinity increases. For example, quartz solubility can be described as a function of fluid density, and because density becomes less sensitive to changing PT conditions as salinity increases, quartz solubility also becomes less sensitive to changing PT conditions as fluid salinity increases. Similarly, fluxibility describes the ability of a fluid to transport heat by buoyancy‐driven convection, and fluxibility decreases with increasing salinity. Results of this study show that the mass and energy transport capacity of fluids in the Earth's crust are maximized in the critical region and that the sensitivity to changing PT conditions decreases with increasing salinity.
Bifurcaria bifurcata: a key macro‐alga as a source of bioactive compounds and functional ingredients
Authors: Alves Celso , Pinteus Susete , Simões Tiago , Horta André , Silva Joana , Tecelão Carla , Pedrosa Rui 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThe aim of this work was to study the proximate composition and the bioactive profile of Bifurcaria bifurcata. It contains 73.31 ± 0.69% of moisture, 8.57 ± 0.11 g per 100 g dry weight (d.w.) of protein, 5.81 ± 0.14 g per 100 g d.w. of lipid content and 30.15 ± 0.00 g per 100 g d.w. of ash. The polyunsaturated fatty acids were the most abundant fatty acid (FA), accounting for 2426.56 mg per 100 g which represents 41.77% of the total FA. The methanolic fraction showed high quantity of polyphenols (220.01 ± 0.010 phloroglucinol equivalents g−1 extract), DPPH radical reduction capacity (EC50:58.82 μg mL−1) and oxygen radical absorbent capacity (3151.35 ± 119.33 μmol Trolox equivalents g−1 extract). The highest antimicrobial effect was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.3 ± 1.5 mm) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (IC50:17.07 μg mL−1) induced by methanolic and dichloromethane fractions, respectively. Dichloromethane fraction revealed the highest antitumor activity on Caco‐2 and HepG‐2 cells. Bifurcaria bifurcata can be a promising source of bioactive compounds and functional ingredients.
Combined effects of matrix and gene marker on the real‐time PCR detection of wheat
Authors: Martín‐Fernández Begoña , Costa Joana , Oliveira Maria Beatriz Prior Pinto , López‐Ruiz Beatriz , Mafra Isabel 
Published: May 2016

SummaryDNA‐based methods have been advanced as excellent alternatives for the detection and quantification of gluten‐containing cereals. In this study, it was intended to evaluate the effect of three distinct food matrices on the performance three TaqMan real‐time PCR approaches targeting α2‐gliadin, agglutinin isolectin (Tri a 18) and thioredoxin h(Tri a 25) genes of wheat. The results of wheat flour detection in soya bean, maize and rice model matrices evidenced that sensitivity was considerably affected by both the food matrix and the target gene. Rice matrix allowed the highest sensitivity, in opposition to soya bean. The α2‐gliadin method enabled the best sensitivity, especially when combined with rice matrix (5 mg kg−1), followed by maize (10 mg kg−1) and soya bean (50 mg kg−1). These findings suggest that food matrix effects need to be carefully evaluated when developing real‐time PCR assays for wheat detection/quantification, but without compromising their great effectiveness as tools to monitor gluten‐containing cereals.