bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Return to Sports After Athletes Undergo Meniscal Surgery: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lee Yong Seuk , Lee O-Sung , Lee Seung Hoon 
Published: October 2017

Objective:
The aim of this systematic review was to determine the time to and rate of the return to sports (RTS) after meniscal surgery and to compare these values among the different types of meniscal surgeries.

Study Design:
Systematic review.

Methods:
The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched. Studies that met the following criteria were included: (1) English article, (2) full-text available, (3) study on athletes, and (4) primary outcome is RTS after meniscal surgery, such as meniscectomy, meniscal repair, and meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT).

Results:
Eleven articles were included in the final analysis. Most players returned to the preinjury activity level from 7 to 9 weeks after partial meniscectomy. After meniscal repair, 81% to 88.9% of athletes returned to sports. The time to RTS after isolated meniscal repair was on average 5.6 months, and the time to RTS was longer for athletes who required concurrent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). After MAT, 67% to 85.7% of athletes returned to sports, and the time to RTS ranged from 7.6 to 16.5 months.

Conclusions:
The shortest time to RTS and the highest RTS rate were observed after partial meniscectomy. The time to RTS was shorter, and the RTS rate was higher after meniscal repair than after MAT. Concurrent procedures such as ACLR prolonged the time to RTS, but it had no effect on the RTS rate and the level of sports activity at the time of RTS.
Parental Perceptions Following Cleft Lip Repair in Their Children
Authors: Brichacek Michal A. , Matic Damir B. 
Published: October 2017

Objective:Cleft lip (CL) repair at 3 months is chosen mostly out of convention and offers minimal functional benefit. Potentially, a better cosmetic outcome is possible by delaying repair. This study examines parental perceptions around repair at 3 months to determine if current guidelines are appropriate.Design:Retrospective cross-sectional survey.Setting:Tertiary-care institution.Participants:Parents of children with CL ± P under age 6 years who underwent CL repair from 2004 to 2011 at our center were surveyed (n = 64). Response rate was 61% (n = 37).Methods:Open-ended survey asked about various aspects of parental perceptions before and after repair. Qualitative data analysis is used to interpret survey responses.Statistics:Fisher exact test using contingency tables to identify statistically significant results.Results:Nearly all (36/37) parents felt repair was important, citing reasons such as feeding, speech, and appearance. Most (28/37) felt surgery would fix the problem. A portion of parents (15/37) would delay repair if better aesthetics were possible later, but most would not (20/37). Most parents were satisfied with repair quality (33/37). On average, repair did not impact parent–child bonding, and eliminated negative interactions with strangers that parents found distressing.Conclusions:Arguably, positive parental perceptions of their child's condition reflect favorably on the child's well-being, and may outweigh any future aesthetic benefit. Therefore, current recommendations should be upheld. However, given that some parents would consider delaying repair, they could be offered this option. Future efforts should examine cultural factors, and aesthetic and developmental outcomes of repair at different ages to determine optimal repair timing.
Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor: Rare Manifestation in Face
Authors: Silva William Phillip Pereira da , Zavarez Larissa Balbo , Zanferrari Fernando Luiz , Schussel Juliana Lucena , Faverani Leonardo Pérez , Jung Juliana Elizabeth , Sassi Laurindo Moacir 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, also known as inflammatory pseudotumor and plasma cell granuloma, is a tumor that occurs most often in the lungs, abdomen, skin, soft tissue, genital system, and mediastinal. Before surgery, the diagnosis is difficult to establish because of its diverse manifestations. In the head and neck, manifestation is rare and may occur in the upper respiratory tract, soft tissues, orbits, and skull base. This article aims to report a rare manifestation of the disease in the face, highlighting the importance of a correct diagnosis to determine the most appropriate form of treatment, in male patient, leucoderma, 22 years old, with complain of a painless unilateral growth in the left cheek, beginning 2 months before and with progressive growth.
Appraisal of Function After Rehabilitation With Tongue Prosthesis
Authors: Kharade Pankaj , Dholam Kanchan , Bachher Gurmit 
Published: October 2017

Statement of the Problem:
Prosthetic rehabilitation following total glossectomy is very complex procedure from clinical as well as laboratory point of view. The basic objective of prosthodontic rehabilitation is to deliver a comfortable as well as esthetically suitable prosthesis, which restores the impaired speech and deglutition function.

Purpose:
Prosthetic rehabilitation of patients after total glossectomy with tongue prosthesis to evaluate improvement in speech as well as swallowing function.

Materials and Methods:
Tongue prostheses were fabricated with high-temperature vulcanizing silicone and heat-polymerizing acrylic to restore the functions affected after surgical resection of tongue. Patient's speech was evaluated with Dr Speech software version 4. The speech software was used to assess different speech parameters such as maximum phonation time, fundamental frequency, intensity, jitter, and shimmer. Deglutition assessment was done subjectively by using a standardized questionnaire designed by the speech pathologist. Speech was recorded for assessment before prosthetic rehabilitation and 2 weeks after delivery of the tongue prosthesis.

Results:
After analysis of various speech parameters frequency range was improved with prosthesis (ie, 172.19 Hz) as compared to without prosthesis (ie, 111.47 Hz). Speech intelligibility was improved with tongue prosthesis. Deglutition assessment revealed that patient's deglutition abilities were improved.

Conclusion:
Tongue prosthesis helps to improve speech and articulation in patients with total glossectomy. Apart from that deglutition capability is also significantly improved.

Clinical Implications:
Total glossectomy affects speech, mastication, and swallowing to a greater proportion. It may also lead to psychological impairment of the patient. Tongue prosthesis efficiently improves speech and deglutition abilities of the patient leading to a better quality of life.
Expression and Clinical Correlations of Costimulatory Molecules on Peripheral T Lymphocyte Subsets of Early-Stage Severe Sepsis: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Lu Yi , An Le , Liu Qiang , Li Chunsheng 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The aim of the study was to investigate the expression and clinical correlations of costimulatory molecules on peripheral T-cell subsets of severe sepsis (SS) patients.

Methods:
Blood samples of patients with community-acquired pneumonia-associated SS and healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed. SS patients were followed up for 28 days. Costimulatory molecule expression on T-cell subsets was determined by flow cytometry analysis. The clinical correlations of these parameters were examined.

Results:
A total of 92 SS patients and 29 HCs were recruited. Higher frequency of CD28, CD27, OX40 on CD4+ T cells, OX40 on CD4+CD27−CD28− T cells and lower frequency of CD4+CD27-CD28- T cells in the SS group compared with the HC group and in the nonsurvived SS group compared with the survived SS subgroup were observed. The SS group and the nonsurvived SS subgroup exhibited lower frequency of 4-1BB on either CD8+ or CD4+ T cells. The frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs), OX40+ Tregs and 4-1BB+ conventional T cells (Tconvs) were higher in the SS group. The frequency of CD4+CD27+ T cells, CD4+CD28+ T cells, and OX40+ on CD4+CD27-CD28- T cells were positively correlated with the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. The frequency of CD4+CD27+ T cells and OX40+ on CD4+CD27−CD28− T cells independently predicted 28-day mortality.

Conclusions:
Early-stage SS patients exhibited an activated T-cell phenotype. Imbalanced OX40 and 4-1BB expression presented on Tregs and Tconvs may contribute to a functional imbalance of Tregs/Tconvs. The frequency of CD4+CD27+ T cells and OX40+ on CD4+CD27−CD28− T cells predicted 28-day mortality of SS.
Glycocalyx Shedding is Enhanced by Age and Correlates with Increased Fluid Requirement in Patients with Major Burns
Authors: Osuka Akinori , Kusuki Hirofumi , Yoneda Kazuhiro , Matsuura Hiroshi , Matsumoto Hisatake , Ogura Hiroshi , Ueyama Masashi 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Background:
Massive fluid shift after severe burn injury leads to edema and intravascular fluid loss that may result in burn-induced compartment syndrome (BICS) when corrected by aggressive fluid resuscitation. Factors causing this fluid shift remain unclear. Because glycocalyx regulates endothelial permeability, we hypothesized that glycocalyx shedding would increase fluid requirements in burn patients. This prospective cohort study aimed to identify relationships between shedding of the glycocalyx and fluid requirements after burn injury.

Methods:
Patients aged more than 18 years with burn injury over more than 20% total body surface area (TBSA) were enrolled. Patient background factors including age, sex, burn size, and inhalation injury were recorded at patient enrollment. Serum syndecan-1, known as a biomarker of glycocalyx shedding, was serially measured on admission, day 1, days 3 to 5, around 1 and 2 weeks, and 1 month after the injury to observe postburn injury kinetics of syndecan-1. As biomarkers of endothelial damage, soluble thrombomodulin, antithrombin III, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were also measured. We determined the relationship between syndecan-1 and initial 24-h fluid requirements and between syndecan-1 and morbidity/mortality.

Results:
We enrolled 39 patients (median age, 55 years; median burn size, 35%TBSA): 16 developed BICS, and 10 patients died. Syndecan-1 level on admission was significantly higher than that in healthy volunteers and remained so. Syndecan-1 level on admission was associated with patient age (ρ = 0.50, P = 0.001) but not burn size (ρ = 0.08, P = 0.63), and antithrombin III level on admission was negatively associated with burn size (ρ = −0.48, P = 0.002). The syndecan-1 level on admission was significantly associated with fluid requirement (mL/kg) (ρ = 0.38, P = 0.017). After adjustment for age, sex, %TBSA, and inhalation injury, syndecan-1 was an independent parameter for the increase in fluid requirement (P = 0.04) and development of BICS (P = 0.03) by multivariable regression analysis. These findings suggested that glycocalyx shedding increased in an age-dependent manner, whereas antithrombin III decreased according to burn size.

Conclusions:
Glycocalyx shedding occurs soon after burn injury in an age-dependent manner. To reduce fluid-related complications such as BICS, new strategies to protect glycocalyx in burn patients are needed.
Interrater Agreement of EEG Interpretation After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Using Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology
Authors: Abend Nicholas S. , Massey Shavonne L. , Fitzgerald Mark , Fung France , Atkin Natalie J. , Xiao Rui , Topjian Alexis A. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose:
We evaluated interrater agreement of EEG interpretation in a cohort of critically ill children resuscitated after cardiac arrest using standardized EEG terminology.

Methods:
Four pediatric electroencephalographers scored 10-minute EEG segments from 72 consecutive children obtained 24 hours after return of circulation using the American Clinical Neurophysiology Society's (ACNS) Standardized Critical Care EEG terminology. The percent of perfect agreement and the kappa coefficient were calculated for each of the standardized EEG variables and a predetermined composite EEG background category.

Results:
The overall background category (normal, slow–disorganized, discontinuous, or attenuated–featureless) had almost perfect agreement (kappa 0.89).The ACNS Standardized Critical Care EEG variables had agreement that was (1) almost perfect for the seizures variable (kappa 0.93), (2) substantial for the continuity (kappa 0.79), voltage (kappa 0.70), and sleep transient (kappa 0.65) variables, (3) moderate for the rhythmic or periodic patterns (kappa 0.55) and interictal epileptiform discharge (kappa 0.60) variables, and (4) fair for the predominant frequency (kappa 0.23) and symmetry (kappa 0.31) variables. Condensing variable options led to improved agreement for the continuity and voltage variables.

Conclusions:
These data support the use of the standardized terminology and the composite overall background category as a basis for standardized EEG interpretation for subsequent studies assessing EEG background for neuroprognostication after pediatric cardiac arrest.
MatchMiner: An open source computational platform for real-time matching of cancer patients to precision medicine clinical trials using genomic and clinical criteria
Authors: Lindsay James , Del Vecchio Fitz Catherine , Zwiesler Zachary , Kumari Priti , Van Der Veen Bernd , Monrose Tamba , Mazor Tali , Barry Susan , Albayrak Adem , Tung Michael , Do Khanh , Hector-Barry Suzanne , Beardslee Brian , Shapiro Geoffrey , Methot John , Sholl Lynette , MacConaill Laura E. , Lindeman Neil , Johnson Bruce , Rollins Barrett , Sander Chris , Hassett Michael , Cerami Ethan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundMolecular profiling of cancers is now routine at many cancer centers, and the number of precision cancer medicine clinical trials, which are informed by profiling, is steadily rising. Additionally, these trials are becoming increasingly complex, often having multiple arms and many genomic eligibility criteria. Currently, it is a challenging for physicians to match patients to relevant clinical trials using the patient’s genomic profile, which can lead to missed opportunities. Automated matching against uniformly structured and encoded genomic eligibility criteria is essential to keep pace with the complex landscape of precision medicine clinical trials.ResultsTo meet these needs, we built and deployed an automated clinical trial matching platform called MatchMiner at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI). The platform has been integrated with Profile, DFCI’s enterprise genomic profiling project, which contains tumor profile data for >20,000 patients, and has been made available to physicians across the Institute. As no current standard exists for encoding clinical trial eligibility criteria, a new language called Clinical Trial Markup Language (CTML) was developed, and over 178 genomically-driven clinical trials were encoded using this language. The platform is open source and freely available for adoption by other institutions.ConclusionMatchMiner is the first open platform developed to enable computational matching of patient-specific genomic profiles to precision cancer medicine clinical trials. Creating MatchMiner required developing clinical trial eligibility standards to support genome-driven matching and developing intuitive interfaces to support practical use-cases. Given the complexity of tumor profiling and the rapidly changing multi-site nature of genome-driven clinical trials, open source software is the most efficient, scalable, and economical option for matching cancer patients to clinical trials.
Imbalanced amplification: A mechanism of amplification and suppression from local imbalance of excitation and inhibition in cortical circuits
Authors: Ebsch Christopher , Rosenbaum Robert 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the relationship between external stimuli and the spiking activity of cortical populations is a central problem in neuroscience. Dense recurrent connectivity in local cortical circuits can lead to counterintuitive response properties, raising the question of whether there are simple arithmetical rules for relating circuits’ connectivity structure to their response properties. One such arithmetic is provided by the mean field theory of balanced networks, which is derived in a limit where excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents precisely balance on average. However, balanced network theory is not applicable to some biologically relevant connectivity structures. We show that cortical circuits with such structure are susceptible to an amplification mechanism arising when excitatory-inhibitory balance is broken at the level of local subpopulations, but maintained at a global level. This amplification, which can be quantified by a linear correction to the classical mean field theory of balanced networks, explains several response properties observed in cortical recordings.
Protein-protein interactions with fructose-1-kinase alter function of the centralEscherichia colitranscription regulator, Cra
Authors: Singh Dipika , Fairlamb Max S. , Harrison Kelly S. , Weeramange Chamitha , Meinhardt Sarah , Tungtur Sudheer , Rau Benjamin F. , Hefty P. Scott , Fenton Aron W. , Swint-Kruse Liskin 
Published: October 2017

SummaryInE. coli, the master transcription regulator Cra regulates >100 genes in central metabolism by binding upstream DNA operator sequences. Genes encoding glycolytic enzymes are repressed, whereas those for gluconeogenesis and the citric acid cycle are activated. Cra-DNA binding is allosterically diminished by binding to either fructose-1-phosphate (F-1-P, generated upon fructose import) or fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (F-1,6-BP). F-1,6-BP is generated from F-1-P by the enzyme fructose-1-kinase (FruK) or from other sugars and is a key intermediate in glycolysis. Here, we report that Cra directly interacts with FruK to form a tight protein-protein complex. Further, growth assays with afruKknockout strain show that FruK has a broader role in metabolism than its known role in fructose catabolism. Biochemical experiments show that F-1,6-BP binding enhances either the Cra/FruK interaction and/or CRA binding to DNA and that FruK can catalyze the reverse reaction of F-1,6-BP to F-1-P. Results were used to propose a model in which the Cra-FruK complex enhances activation of gluconeogenic genes. Finally, since FruK itself is repressed by Cra, these newly-reported events add layers to the dynamic regulation ofE. colicentral metabolism that occur in response to changing nutrients.
Neural code uses self-information principle to organize the brain’s universal cell-assembly coding
Authors: Li Meng , Xie Kun , Kuang Hui , Liu Jun , Wang Deheng , Fox Grace E. , Shi Zhifeng , Chen Liang , Zhao Fang , Mao Ying , Tsien Joe Z. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe brain generates cognition and behavior through firing changes of its neurons, yet, with enormous firing variability, the organizing principle underlying real-time neural code remains unclear. Here, we test the Neural Self-Information Theory that neural code is constructed via the self-information principle under which each inter-spike-interval (ISI) is inherently self-tagged with discrete information based on its relation to ISI variability-probability distribution - higher-probability ISIs, which reflect the balanced excitation-inhibition ground state, convey minimal information, whereas lower-probability ISIs, which signify statistical surprisals, carry more information. Moreover, temporally coordinated ISI surprisals across neural cliques intrinsically give rise to real-time cell-assembly neural code. As a result, this self-information-based neural coding is uniquely intrinsic to the neurons themselves, with no need for outside observers to set any reference point to manually mark external or internal inputs. Applying this neural self-information concept, we devised an unbiased general decoding strategy and successfully uncovered 15 distinct cell-assembly patterns from multiple cortical and hippocampal circuits associated with different sleep cycles, earthquake, elevator-drop, foot-shock experiences, navigation or various actions in five-choice visual-discrimination operant-conditioning tasks. Detailed analyses of all 15 cell assemblies revealed that ~20% of the skewed ISI distribution tails were responsible for the emergence of robust cell-assembly codes, conforming to the Pareto Principle. These findings support the notion that neural coding is organized via the self-information principle to generate real-time information across brain regions, cognitive modalities, and behaviors.
The converse effects of speed and gravity on the energetics of walking and running
Authors: Hasaneini S.J. , Schroeder R.T. , Bertram J.E.A. , Ruina A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe energetic cost of transport for walking is highly sensitive to speed but relatively insensitive to changes in gravity level. Conversely, the cost of transport for running is highly sensitive to gravity level but not much to speed. Gait optimization with a minimally constrained bipedal model predicts a similar differential energetic response for walking and running even though the same model parameters and cost function are used for both gaits. This challenges previous assertions that the converse energetic responses are due to fundamentally different energy saving mechanisms in each gait. Our results suggest that energetics of both gaits are highly influenced by dissipative losses occurring as leg forces abruptly alter the center of mass path. The observed difference in energetic consequence of the performance condition in each gait is due to the effect the movement strategy of each gait has on the dissipative loss. The optimization model predictions are tested directly by measuring metabolic cost of human subjects walking and running at different speeds in normal and reduced gravity using a novel reduced gravity simulation apparatus. The optimization model also predicts other, sometimes subtle, aspects of gait such as step length changes. This is also directly tested in order to assess the fidelity of the model’s more nuanced predictions.
Dissecting the basis of novel trait evolution in a radiation with widespread phylogenetic discordance
Authors: Wu Meng , Kostyun Jamie L. , Hahn Matthew W. , Moyle Leonie 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTPhylogenetic analyses of trait evolution can provide insight into the evolutionary processes that initiate and drive phenotypic diversification. However, recent phylogenomic studies have revealed extensive gene tree-species tree discordance, which can lead to incorrect inferences of trait evolution if only a single species tree is used for analysis. This phenomenon—dubbed “hemiplasy”—is particularly important to consider during analyses of character evolution in rapidly radiating groups, where discordance is widespread. Here we generate whole-transcriptome data for a phylogenetic analysis of 14 species in the plant genusJaltomata(the sister clade toSolanum), which has experienced rapid, recent trait evolution, including in fruit and nectar color, and flower size and shape. Consistent with other radiations, we find evidence for rampant gene tree discordance due to incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and several introgression events among the well-supported subclades. Since both ILS and introgression increase the probability of hemiplasy, we perform several analyses that take discordance into account while identifying genes that might contribute to phenotypic evolution. Despite discordance, the history of fruit color evolution inJaltomatacan be inferred with high confidence, and we find evidence ofde novoadaptive evolution at individual genes associated with fruit color variation. In contrast, hemiplasy appears to strongly affect inferences about floral character transitions inJaltomata, and we identify candidate loci that could arise either from multiple lineage-specific substitutions or standing ancestral polymorphisms. Our analysis provides a generalizable example of how to manage discordance when identifying loci associated with trait evolution in a radiating lineage.