bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detecting the relevance to performance of whole-body movements
Authors: Furuki Daisuke , Takiyama Ken 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGoal-directed whole-body movements are fundamental in our daily life, sports, music, art, and other activities. Goal-directed movements have been intensively investigated by focusing on simplified movements (e.g., arm-reaching movements or eye movements); however, the nature of goal-directed whole-body movements has not been sufficiently investigated because of the high-dimensional nonlinear dynamics and redundancy inherent in whole-body motion. One open question is how to overcome high-dimensional nonlinear dynamics and redundancy to achieve the desired performance. It is possible to approach the question by quantifying how the motions of each body part at each time point contribute to movement performance. Nevertheless, it is difficult to identify an explicit relation between each motion element (the motion of each body part at each time point) and performance as a result of the high-dimensional nonlinear dynamics and redundancy inherent in whole-body motion. The current study proposes a data-driven approach to quantify the relevance of each motion element to the performance. The current findings indicate that linear regression may be used to quantify this relevance without considering the high-dimensional nonlinear dynamics of whole-body motion.
Loss of lamin B1 is a biomarker to quantify cellular senescence in photoaged skin
Authors: Wang Audrey Shimei , Ong Peh Fern , Chojnowski Alexandre , Clavel Carlos , Dreesen Oliver 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSkin ageing is an inevitable consequence of life and accelerated by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays. Senescence is an irreversible growth arrest and senescent cells accumulate in ageing tissues, at sites of age-related pathologies and in pre-neoplastic lesions. Conventionally, senescent cells have been detected by senescence associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, a procedure that requires enzymatic activity, which is lost in fixed tissue samples. We previously demonstrated that loss of lamin B1 is a novel marker to identify senescent cells. Here, we demonstrate that loss of lamin B1 facilitates the detection and quantification of senescent cells upon UV-exposure in vitro and upon chronic UV-exposure and skin regeneration in vivo. Taken together, this marker enables the study of environmental conditions on tissue ageing and regeneration in vivo, serves as a diagnostic tool to distinguish senescent from proliferating cells in pre-neoplastic lesions, and facilitates investigating the role of senescent cells in various age-related pathologies.
A standardized herbal extract mitigates tumor inflammation and augments chemotherapy effect of docetaxel in prostate cancer
Authors: Tsai Chin-Hsien , Tzeng Sheue-Fen , Hsieh Shih-Chuan , Yang Yu-Chih , Hsiao Yi-Wen , Tsai Mong-Hsun , Hsiao Pei-Wen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractActivation of the NFκB pathway is often associated with advanced cancer and has thus been regarded as a rational therapeutic target. Wedelia chinensis is rich in luteolin, apigenin, and wedelolactone that act synergistically to suppress androgen receptor activity in prostate cancer. Interestingly, our evaluation of a standardized Wedelia chinensis herbal extract (WCE) concluded its efficacy on hormone-refractory prostate cancer through systemic mechanisms. Oral administration of WCE significantly attenuated tumor growth and metastasis in orthotopic PC-3 and DU145 xenografts. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of these tumors revealed that WCE suppressed the expression of IKKα/β phosphorylation and downstream cytokines/chemokines, e.g., IL6, CXCL1, and CXCL8. Through restraining the cytokines expression, WCE reduced tumor-elicited infiltration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and endothelial cells into the tumors, therefore inhibiting angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. In MDSCs, WCE also reduced STAT3 activation, downregulated S100A8 expression and prevented their expansion. Use of WCE in combination with docetaxel significantly suppressed docetaxel-induced NFκB activation, boosted the therapeutic effect and reduced the systemic toxicity caused by docetaxel monotherapy. These data suggest that a standardized preparation of Wedelia chinensis extract improved prostate cancer therapy through immunomodulation and has potential application as an adjuvant agent for castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Effects of exosome on the activation of CD4+ T cells in rhesus macaques: a potential application for HIV latency reactivation
Authors: Hong Xiaowu , Schouest Blake , Xu Huanbin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractExosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EVs), released by a wide variety of cell types, carry donor origin-proteins, cytokines, and nucleic acids, transport these cargos to adjacent or distant specific recipient cells, and thereby regulate gene expression and activation of target cells. In this study, we isolated and identified exosomes in rhesus macaques, and investigated their effects on cell tropism and activation, especially their potential to reactivate HIV latency. The results indicated that plasma-derived exosomes preferentially fuse to TCR-activated T cells and autologous parent cells. Importantly, the uptake of exosomes, derived from IL-2 stimulated CD4+ T cells, effectively promoted reactivation of resting CD4+ T-cell, as indicated by an increased viral transcription rate in these cells. These findings provide premise for the potential application of exosome in the reactivation of HIV latency, in combination its use as functional delivery vehicles with antiretroviral therapy (ART).
Bilateral 5 Hz transcranial alternating current stimulation on fronto-temporal areas modulates resting-state EEG
Authors: D’Atri Aurora , Romano Claudia , Gorgoni Maurizio , Scarpelli Serena , Alfonsi Valentina , Ferrara Michele , Ferlazzo Fabio , Rossini Paolo Maria , De Gennaro Luigi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRhythmic non-invasive brain stimulations are promising tools to modulate brain activity by entraining neural oscillations in specific cortical networks. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility to influence the neural circuits of the wake-sleep transition in awake subjects via a bilateral transcranial alternating current stimulation at 5 Hz (θ-tACS) on fronto-temporal areas. 25 healthy volunteers participated in two within-subject sessions (θ-tACS and sham), one week apart and in counterbalanced order. We assessed the stimulation effects on cortical EEG activity (28 derivations) and self-reported sleepiness (Karolinska Sleepiness Scale). θ-tACS induced significant increases of the theta activity in temporo-parieto-occipital areas and centro-frontal increases in the alpha activity compared to sham but failed to induce any online effect on sleepiness. Since the total energy delivered in the sham condition was much less than in the active θ-tACS, the current data are unable to isolate the specific effect of entrained theta oscillatory activity per se on sleepiness scores. On this basis, we concluded that θ-tACS modulated theta and alpha EEG activity with a topography consistent with high sleep pressure conditions. However, no causal relation can be traced on the basis of the current results between these rhythms and changes on sleepiness.
Targeted next generation sequencing in Italian patients with Usher syndrome: phenotype-genotype correlations
Authors: Eandi Chiara M. , Dallorto Laura , Spinetta Roberta , Micieli Maria Pia , Vanzetti Mario , Mariottini Alessandro , Passerini Ilaria , Torricelli Francesca , Alovisi Camilla , Marchese Cristiana 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe report results of DNA analysis with next generation sequencing (NGS) of 21 consecutive Italian patients from 17 unrelated families with clinical diagnosis of Usher syndrome (4 USH1 and 17 USH2) searching for mutations in 11 genes: MYO7A, CDH23, PCDH15, USH1C, USH1G, USH2A, ADGVR1, DFNB31, CLRN1, PDZD7, HARS. Likely causative mutations were found in all patients: 25 pathogenic variants, 18 previously reported and 7 novel, were identified in three genes (USH2A, MYO7A, ADGRV1). All USH1 presented biallelic MYO7A mutations, one USH2 exhibited ADGRV1 mutations, whereas 16 USH2 displayed USH2A mutations. USH1 patients experienced hearing problems very early in life, followed by visual impairment at 1, 4 and 6 years. Visual symptoms were noticed at age 20 in a patient with homozygous novel MYO7A missense mutation c.849G > A. USH2 patients’ auditory symptoms, instead, arose between 11 months and 14 years, while visual impairment occurred later on. A homozygous c.5933_5940del;5950_5960dup in USH2A was detected in one patient with early deafness. One patient with homozygous deletion from exon 23 to 32 in USH2A suffered early visual symptoms. Therefore, the type of mutation in USH2A and MYO7A genes seems to affect the age at which both auditory and visual impairment occur in patients with USH.
The Effect of Adaptive Nonlinear Frequency Compression on Phoneme Perception
Authors: Glista Danielle , Hawkins Marianne , Bohnert Andrea , Rehmann Julia , Wolfe Jace , Scollie Susan 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
This study implemented a fitting method, developed for use with frequency lowering hearing aids, across multiple testing sites, participants, and hearing aid conditions to evaluate speech perception with a novel type of frequency lowering.

Method
A total of 8 participants, including children and young adults, participated in real-world hearing aid trials. A blinded crossover design, including posttrial withdrawal testing, was used to assess aided phoneme perception. The hearing aid conditions included adaptive nonlinear frequency compression (NFC), static NFC, and conventional processing.

Results
Enabling either adaptive NFC or static NFC improved group-level detection and recognition results for some high-frequency phonemes, when compared with conventional processing. Mean results for the distinction component of the Phoneme Perception Test (Schmitt, Winkler, Boretzki, & Holube, 2016) were similar to those obtained with conventional processing.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that both types of NFC tested in this study provided a similar amount of speech perception benefit, when compared with group-level performance with conventional hearing aid technology. Individual-level results are presented with discussion around patterns of results that differ from the group average.
Reproducibility of Dual-Microphone Voice Range Profile Equipment
Authors: Printz Trine , Pedersen Ellen Raben , Juhl Peter , Nielsen Troels , Grøntved Ågot Møller , Godballe Christian 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
The aim of this study was to add further knowledge about the usefulness of the Voice Range Profile (VRP) assessment in clinical settings and research by analyzing VRP dual-microphone equipment precision, reliability, and room effect.

Method
Test–retest studies were conducted in an anechoic chamber and an office: (a) comparing sound pressure levels (SPLs) from a dual-microphone VRP device, the Voice Profiler, when given the same input repeatedly (test–retest reliability); (b) comparing SPLs from 3 devices when given the same input repeatedly (intervariation); and (c) assessing the room effect.

Results
(a) The mean standard deviation across 17 measurement points was 0.7 dB for 1 device. (b) One device was less precise than the other 2 devices. All devices presented high SPLs at low frequencies compared with the reference. (c) Mean SPLs were almost equal in the anechoic chamber and the office.

Conclusions
The high test–retest reliability of the dual-microphone VRP equipment, especially in general office surroundings, is a positive finding. Attention must be paid to specific factors such as using the same device when comparing the same voice before and after treatment, caution in headset placement, and manual recalibrations when automatic recalibration occurs. We suggest recalibrations verified with a reference source at regular intervals.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Traditional Measures of Phonological Ability for Bilingual Preschoolers and Kindergarteners
Authors: Fabiano-Smith Leah , Hoffman Katherine 
Published: November 2017

Purpose
Bilingual children whose phonological skills are evaluated using measures designed for monolingual English speakers are at risk for misdiagnosis of speech sound disorders (De Lamo White & Jin, 2011).

Method
Forty-four children participated in this study: 15 typically developing monolingual English speakers, 7 monolingual English speakers with phonological disorders, 14 typically developing bilingual Spanish–English speakers, and 8 bilingual children with phonological disorders. Children's single-word speech productions were examined on Percentage Consonants Correct–Revised (Shriberg, Austin, Lewis, McSweeny, & Wilson, 1997a) and accuracy of early-, middle-, and late-developing sounds (Shriberg, 1993) in English. Consonant accuracy in English was compared between monolinguals and bilinguals with and without speech sound disorders. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves were used to observe diagnostic accuracy of the measures examined.

Results
Percentage Consonants Correct–Revised was found to be a good indicator of phonological ability in both monolingual and bilingual English-speaking children at the age of 5;0. No significant differences were found between language groups on any of the measures examined.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that traditional measures of phonological ability for monolinguals could provide good diagnostic accuracy for bilingual children at the age of 5;0 years. These findings are preliminary, and children younger than 5;0 years should be examined for risk of misdiagnosis.
Revealing determinants of two‐phase dynamics of P53 network under gamma irradiation based on a reduced 2D relaxation oscillator model
Authors: Demirkıran Gökhan , Kalaycı Demir Güleser , Güzeliş Cüneyt 
Published: November 2017

This study proposes a two‐dimensional (2D) oscillator model of p53 network, which is derived via reducing the multidimensional two‐phase dynamics model into a model of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and Wip1 variables, and studies the impact of p53‐regulators on cell fate decision. First, the authors identify a 6D core oscillator module, then reduce this module into a 2D oscillator model while preserving the qualitative behaviours. The introduced 2D model is shown to be an excitable relaxation oscillator. This oscillator provides a mechanism that leads diverse modes underpinning cell fate, each corresponding to a cell state. To investigate the effects of p53 inhibitors and the intrinsic time delay of Wip1 on the characteristics of oscillations, they introduce also a delay differential equation version of the 2D oscillator. They observe that the suppression of p53 inhibitors decreases the amplitudes of p53 oscillation, though the suppression increases the sustained level of p53. They identify Wip1 and P53DINP1 as possible targets for cancer therapies considering their impact on the oscillator, supported by biological findings. They model some mutations as critical changes of the phase space characteristics. Possible cancer therapeutic strategies are then proposed for preventing these mutations’ effects using the phase space approach.
Phasor model simulation of a grid integrated variable speed pumped storage system
Authors: Teshager Bitew Girmaw , Han Minxiao , Meng Zhaojun , Song Xiaofang , Xu Jianbing , Simiyu Patrobers 
Published: November 2017

This study presents a phasor model simulation of a grid integrated variable speed pumped storage (VSPS) system focusing on generating mode. The VSPS is configured by the voltage sourced converter doubly‐fed induction machine (DFIM) scheme. A wound rotor induction machine dynamic mathematical model and generalised averaging theory are adopted to derive the phasor model technique of the system. Based on the dq ‐axis synchronous reference frame concept, the direct power control strategy of the system is designed. The steady‐state and transient stability responses of the proposed system are analysed in MATLAB/Simulink platform by considering a 300 MW/18 kV/50 Hz DFIM‐based VSPS system and a grid consisting of two hydropower plants with synchronous generator, a diesel power plant with synchronous generator, a solar photovoltaic farm and fixed loads. A comparison of phasor model and detailed model simulations of the system is also conducted. The results show that the grid integrated VSPS system is stable without significant deviation in grid voltages, DC voltage and rotor speed of the DFIM unit under the designed control strategy. Moreover, the phasor model simulation achieves results with good accuracy as the detailed model, but with faster speed. Hence, the phasor model simulation is very effective for analysis and control design of large grid integrated VSPS systems.
Godina's Principles in the Twenty-First Century and the Evolution of Lower Extremity Trauma Reconstruction
Authors: Colen David , Colen Lawrence , Levin L. , Kovach Stephen 
Published: November 2017

Background February of 2016 marked 30 years since the passing of Marko Godina, a pioneer and prodigy in the field of reconstructive microsurgery. Most noteworthy among his many contributions was his method of radical debridement of contaminated compound fractures followed by early free tissue transfer for wound closure. In the last three decades, the landscape of reconstructive surgery has undergone significant transformation owing to advances in reconstructive techniques and wound care technology, as well as new data.
Methods Dr. Godina's work and legacy are reviewed, compared and contrasted with new and evolving data regarding lower extremity trauma reconstruction.
Results Advancements in technique and technology have greatly molded lower extremtiy reconstruction over the past thirty years. Nonetheless, Dr. Godina's principles of timely care and early vascularized soft tissue coverage have withstood the test of time.
Conclusion Marko Godina's contribution to reconstructive microsurgery cannot be overstated and his groundbreaking work continues to serve as the foundation of lower extremity trauma reconstruction. Three decades after his seminal work, we honor Dr. Godina's legacy and explore how his principles have endured, evolved, or been replaced.
Direct Nerve Sutures in (Extended) Upper Obstetric Brachial Plexus Repair
Authors: Bahm J. , Gkotsi A. , Bouslama S. , El-kazzi W. , Schuind F. 
Published: November 2017

Background In rare, selected cases of severe (extended) upper obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP), after supraclavicular exposure and distal mobilization of the traumatized trunks and careful neuroma excision, we decided to perform direct nerve coaptation with tolerable tension and immobilized the affected arm positioned in adduction and 90-degree elbow flexion for three weeks.
Objectives We present our surgical technique and preliminary results in a prospective open patient series, including 22 patients (14 right and 8 left side affected) between 2009 and 2016, operated at a mean age of 8.4 months.
Methods Analysis of functional results after a minimum of 18 months was conducted using the British Medical Research Council (BMRC) scale.
Results All children reached 60–90° of elbow flexion and 75° of shoulder abduction at already six months after surgery. For those patients having already passed one year post surgery, the mean active shoulder abduction reached 92°, and for those who past the 18 months 124°. We discuss the actual knowledge about nerve coaptation under “reasonable” tension including its advantages and drawbacks.
Conclusion This technique may be indicated in preoperatively selected cases of (extended) upper OBPP and may give good functional results.
Praxis von Public Health
Authors: Teichert Ute , Bräunling Stefan , Müller Karin , Bär Gesine 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDer vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigte sich mit dem Thema Public Health in der Praxis. Anhand der Diskussionsbeiträge der AG 12 wurde diese Übersicht zusammengestellt. Ein erstes Schaubild zeigt, wie breit Praxis in der deutschen Public-Health-Landschaft definiert werden kann. Herausforderungen und Visionen wurden formuliert. Damit eine individuelle und vielfältige Gesundheitsförderung für Alle gewährleistet sein kann, muss Public Health als zentrales Leitbild für die Zukunft im Lebensalltag und in den verschiedenen Lebenswelten der Menschen als Teil des sozialen Miteinanders selbstverständlich und nachhaltig integriert sein. Dafür müssen Public-Health-Akteure allgemein und im ÖGD im Besonderen im Austausch mit Politik, Kostenträgern, Wissenschaft und Lehre stehen und auf Augenhöhe und in gegenseitiger Ergänzung eng miteinander zusammen arbeiten. Eine wichtige Voraussetzung dafür ist eine adäquate finanzielle und personelle Ressourcenausstattung. Die Praxis von Public Health umfasst somit gleichermaßen die Gestaltung von Lebenswelten wie von politischen Strukturen und Strategien im Sinne der zentralen Werte von allgemeiner Daseinsvorsorge und Gemeinwohlverpflichtung.
Eosinophile Ösophagitis Update 2017: Neue Leitlinien der europäischen Studiengruppe EUREOS
Authors: Miehlke Stephan , Schlag Christoph , Storr Martin , Arnim Ulrike 
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDie eosinophile Ösophagitis gilt heute als eine der häufigsten Erkrankungen der Speiseröhre und eine der häufigsten Ursachen für Dysphagie und Bolusobstruktion bei Kindern und Erwachsenen. Die zunehmende Bedeutung dieser Erkrankung und neue klinisch-wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse erforderten eine Aktualisierung der bis dato existierenden internationalen Leitlinien. Die europäische Studiengruppe Eosinophile Ösophagitis (EUREOS) hat daher, erstmals unter Verwendung der GRADE-Technik (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) mit Beteiligung aller relevanten Fachdisziplinen auf der Basis einer systematischen Literaturrecherche bis August 2015 neue Leitlinien zum Management der eosinophilen Ösophagitis bei Kindern und Erwachsenen erarbeitet. Das Ziel dieses Artikels ist es, die wichtigsten Neuerungen und klinische relevanten Empfehlungen der neuen Leitlinie zusammenzufassen und zu kommentieren.