bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal range test run with Global Eta Framework
Authors: Latinović Dragan , Chou Sin Chan , Rančić Miodrag 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Global Eta Framework (GEF) is a global atmospheric model developed in general curvilinear coordinates and capable of running on arbitrary rectangular quasi-uniform spherical grids, using stepwise (Eta) representation of the terrain. In this study, the model is run on a cubed-sphere grid topology, in a version with uniform Jacobians (UJ), which provides equal-area grid cells, and a smooth transition of coordinate lines across the edges of the cubed-sphere. Within a project at the Brazilian Center for Weather Forecasts and Climate Studies (CPTEC), a nonhydrostatic version of this model is under development and will be applied for seasonal prediction studies. This note describes preliminary tests with the GEF on the UJ cubed-sphere in which model performance is evaluated in seasonal simulations at a horizontal resolution of approximately 25 km, running in the hydrostatic mode. Comparison of these simulations with the ERA-Interim reanalyses shows that the 850 hPa temperature is underestimated, while precipitation pattern is mostly underestimated in tropical continental regions and overestimated in tropical oceanic regions. Nevertheless, the model is still able to well capture the main seasonal climate characteristics. These results will be used as a control run in further tests with the nonhydrostatic version of the model.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Herland and the Tradition of the Scientific Utopia
Authors: Christensen Andrew G. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
This article considers Charlotte Perkins Gilman's 1915 novel Herland in the larger utopian tradition and argues that it can be classified as a scientific utopia, in the tradition of Bacon's New Atlantis. Herland is frequently mischaracterized as “Arcadian” and “pastoral.” In reality, the novel presents an advanced industrialized society that uses radical environmental engineering. The article challenges a number of critical readings from ecofeminism and feminist science studies in characterizing the novel, which has been abundantly studied in terms of gender politics but far less so in terms of the scientific utopia. Also covered are the novel's engagements with the population principle and eugenics—controversial issues in the novel's time and in our own but familiar territory in the utopian tradition. Though the Herlanders' mastery of their environment and population is impressive on one level, on another it is disconcerting, and the novel, from our point of view, can be said to have a place in another tradition—the technological dystopia. Last, brief consideration is given to the question of whether science can be a legitimate basis of utopia and what Herland contributes to this ongoing debate.
Analysis of Hull Coating Renewal in Ship Repairing
Authors: Dev Arun Kr , Saha Makaraksha 
Published: July 2017

Hull coating (external blasting and painting) renewal (repair) is a part of routine ship maintenance. It is carried out only when the ship is in a dock (graving dock, floating dock, or slipway). For a regular maintenance schedule, the scope of hull coating repairing works dictates the duration of stay of a ship in the dock. It is very vital therefore to estimate the scope of work for hull coating before docking. As soon as the ship is docked, a joint hull inspection by representatives of the owner, dry-dock, and coatings supplier accurately determines the hull coatings scope of work. Most of the time, the inspection result does not match with the preplanned dock operation schedule. Hence, the overall dock operation schedule gets affected due to delay or early undocking of a ship. Hull coating repair and related information for 149 cargo ships were collected from a single shipyard. It was analyzed and presented in both tabular and graphical forms to show the relationship between the scope of work and the age, size, and type of ships. The physical size of a ship has a great influence on the hull blasting and painting repairing works irrespective of design parameters and types of the ship. Using ship dimensions, actual surface area, and other factors, a method of estimating the hull coating scope is proposed. In this article, the authors have made an attempt to identify the independent variables that influence the scope of work (dependent variable), and suggested the possible interrelationships between the dependent and independent variables, which appeared to be linear.

1. Introduction
For a newly built ship, the external hull is coated with two types of painting system, namely, anticorrosive painting system and antifouling painting system. Anticorrosive painting system is to protect the steel from corrosion caused by oxidation, and antifouling painting system is to protect the underwater surface from marine growth. After proper surface preparation, multiple coats of anticorrosive paint are applied to the entire hull (underwater and above water) as per painting schemes followed by multiple coats of antifouling paints to the underwater area.
Design a Ship Autopilot using Neural Network
Authors: Tung Le Thanh 
Published: July 2017

Ship autopilots play an important role in insurance of safe navigation and efficient transportation as else. For their successful design and development, many control techniques were and are being developed. In this paper, the application of artificial neural network (ANN) is investigated to design an autopilot for a surface ship. Feed forward multilayered architecture of ANN is used for approximation of the inverse model of the ship. The designed autopilot acts like an optimal one because of using a cost function for generation of ANN training data. The performance of designed autopilot is evaluated in still water and different wave frequencies. The stability and robustness of the designed system is proved through simulation, carried out in Matlab. The results show that the proposed autopilot can efficiently be used to control the course of a ship in a range of parameter variation.

1. Introduction
The main duty of an autopilot is to keep the course of ship in a predefined direction using mostly the rudder. The safety and efficiency of transportation are directly dependent on the performance of ship autopilots. For this, a lot of techniques like proportional-integral-derivative controller, optimal control theory, adaptive control, and nonlinear control are used to improve the autopilot performance. The major feature of these approaches is that they require the exact knowledge of dynamics of controlled objects, which is difficult to obtain in practice due to complexity of ship hydrodynamics. For adaptive and nonlinear control there are some demerits like difficult design and stability analysis. The mentioned above disadvantages can be overcome by using artificial neural network (ANN) because of ANN approximation ability of arbitrary smooth function with required accuracy (Haykin 1999; Terekhov 2002). The first way of application of ANN to ship steering is to use a conventional controller for training the neural network (NN) controller (Endo et al. 1989; Burns & Richter 1996; Unar 1999; Khizer et al. 2013; Pathan et al. 2012a, 2012b; Velagic 2006; Zirilli et al. 2000; Alarcin 2007; Alarcin et al. 2010). Another way to develop NN controller is to integrate NN with other control techniques in sense of adaptive control (Cao et al. 2000; Tzung-hang et al. 2001; Ming-chung & Zi-yi 2013; Li et al. 2004; Jun & Liu 2013; Xu et al. 2014; Xiao et al. 2011; Wang et al. 2013; Yang & Zhao 2006; Leonessa & VanZwieten 2004; Hu & Pan 2012).
De Musidora à Mad Souri : l’influence du cinéma sur Le trésor des Jésuites de Breton et Aragon
Authors: Buisson Léa 
Published: July 2017

La pièce de théâtreLe trésor des Jésuites(1928) témoigne de ce qui est probablement la dernière collaboration entre Breton et Aragon, qui la composent en hommage à Musidora, vedette du cinéma muet des années 1910. Notre intention est de démontrer qu’elle participe d’une esthétique cinématographique qui relève d’une volonté de rendre hommage au septième art en s’inspirant du film à épisodes. Après avoir examiné la genèse de la pièce, nous étudions les emprunts au contenu et à l’atmosphère du genre, et, enfin, nous voyons en quoi la structure de la pièce tente d’assimiler la plasticité temporelle du cinéma.
Hans Bellmer : portrait du premier marionnettiste d’un théâtre énergétique
Authors: Niclais Shirley 
Published: July 2017

Dans « La dent, la paume » (Des dispositifs pulsionnels, 1973), Jean-François Lyotard envisage que l’aspect rituel de la représentation théâtrale puisse être aboli pour permettre l’avènement d’une nouvelle forme de présence scénique. Il cite alors l’oeuvre de Hans Bellmer qui manifeste probablement les principales exigences de ce « théâtre énergétique » dont il décrit les contours. Nous nous proposons de dresser le portrait de Bellmer, marionnettiste d’un après-Kleist, dont le pantin se voit libéré d’une fixité de la forme. La poupée, matrice d’une oeuvre et d’une vie, devient l’exemple même de l’objet surréaliste par excellence : celui d’un temps plus que d’un espace; peut-être une autre forme de théâtre.
La fonction protectrice de la formule de modification de la Constitution
Authors: Grammond Sébastien 
Published: July 2017

Le Renvoi sur la Loi sur la Cour suprême et le Renvoi sur la réforme du Sénat ont souvent été interprétés comme élargissant l’ensemble des normes qui font partie de la Constitution. L’auteur soutient que, dans ces deux avis consultatifs, la Cour suprême a plutôt mis en application la fonction protectrice de la formule de modification de la Constitution. Cela signifie que cette formule fixe des limites à l’action du législateur ordinaire. En effet, une interprétation historique et téléologique des articles 41 et 42 de la Loi constitutionnelle de 1982 conduit à la conclusion que les auteurs de la Constitution ont voulu limiter le pouvoir du Parlement ou des législatures provinciales de modifier certaines caractéristiques essentielles des principales institutions du régime politique canadien. L’auteur aborde ensuite les conséquences de cette lecture des deux avis consultatifs sur les réformes éventuelles de la Cour suprême, de la magistrature fédérale, du Sénat et du mode de scrutin.
La réception de la kafala dans l’ordre juridique québécois : vers un renversement du paradigme conflictuel?
Authors: Al-Dabbagh Harith 
Published: July 2017

Une institution ancestrale, la kafala, constitue un moyen de protection important de l’enfant privé de famille dans de nombreux pays musulmans. Inédite au Québec, cette institution n’a de cesse d’interpeller les professionnels et juristes quant à sa nature exacte et à ses effets. Cette procédure a fréquemment été utilisée comme un expédient pour l’adoption, par une personne domiciliée au Québec, d’un enfant musulman dont la loi d’origine prohibe l’adoption. La kafala met à l’épreuve la méthode conflictuelle classique dans sa capacité à accueillir des institutions mal connues ou inconnues. La kafala, dont la nature juridique est difficile à cerner, est généralement jugée trop originale pour être intégrée dans la catégorie « adoption ». Est-ce pour autant méconnaître sa nature exacte? L’auteur tâche de démontrer le contraire. Les réponses contradictoires du droit québécois de l’adoption internationale, partagées entre fermeture frileuse et ouverture généreuse, laissent entrevoir une évolution plus libérale de la méthode des conflits de lois à l’épreuve du pluralisme culturel.
Economic activity and patterns of infant growth in a high altitude district of Peru
Authors: Hoke Morgan K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesChanging economic activities bring significant cultural, epidemiological, and nutritional transitions. Infancy represents a critical period when rapid growth and metabolic programming occur, making infants particularly vulnerable to long‐lasting biological changes due to such transitions. This paper examines the relationship between residence in distinct economic production zones (urban, herding, and dairy) and early growth in a highland district of Peru.MethodsThe length, weight, body mass index, and triceps skinfold of 93 infants (55 boys and 38 girls, aged 2 to 24 months) from 3 economic zones were measured at two time points 6 months apart. Z‐scores were calculated based on the WHO Growth Reference for children under 5 years of age. Comparisons were made to the reference group and between economic zones to examine the impacts of different economic activities on infant growth.ResultsFemale infants had significantly higher height‐for‐age z‐scores (HAZ) than males (P < 0.05). Across zones, dairying infants had the highest HAZ scores and the lowest prevalence of stunting. There was a significant association between zone and HAZ at baseline. While these associations were attenuated in measurements, taken 6 months later, longitudinal growth monitoring revealed differential patterns of weight gain and adiposity deposition across the zones with herding infants showing consistent high adiposity and urban infants gaining both weight and adiposity between rounds.DiscussionChanges in economic activity are bringing about nutritional and epidemiological transitions in the Nuñoa district. Economic activity is a key factor influencing early growth with distinct longitudinal growth patterns in each economic zone.
Combination of cellulose nanofibers and chain‐end‐functionalized polyethylene and their applications in nanocomposites
Authors: Dang Xiaofei , Cao Xinyu , Ke Linnan , Ma Yongmei , An Jingjing , Wang Fosong 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, nanofiber cellulose (NFC) based on a 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl radical oxidization method was successfully combined with chain‐end‐functionalized polyethylene containing alkoxysilane via silanization. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, Molau tests, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses provided further evidence for the effectiveness of the surface modifications. The hydrophilic surface characteristics of NFC were changed to apparently hydrophobic for the modified nanofiber cellulose (M‐NFC). Then, the linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE)/M‐NFC nanocomposite was prepared, and the mechanical properties, thermal properties, and crystallization properties of the LLDPE–M‐NFC were investigated by tensile testing, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results show that after modification, the thermal stability of NFC was enhanced. The interface between M‐NFC and the matrix was good. The tensile strength and Young's modulus values of the nanocomposites were enhanced compared with those of LLDPE; in particular, the tensile strength and Young's modulus of the blend with 5 wt % M‐NFC increased by 56 and 106%, respectively. The storage modulus of the nanocomposites was enhanced obviously over a wide temperature range. The addition of a small amount of M‐NFC had slight effects on the crystallinity and melting temperature of LLDPE. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45387.
Effects of the reagent molar ratio on the phase separation and properties of waterborne polyurethane for application in a water‐based ink binder
Authors: Zhihui Yang , Guangfeng Wu , Huixuan Zhang 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTWaterborne polyurethane (WPU) dispersions with a high solid content and low viscosity were prepared successfully by a two‐step polymerization with isophorone diisocyanate, poly(propylene glycol), and dimethylol propionic acid as the main raw materials. The molar ratio of hard segments to soft segments was controlled to investigate its influence on the particle size, particle morphology, stability of dispersions, and final properties of the WPU films. Measurements including attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, X‐ray diffraction, polarizing optical microscopy, and contact angle tests were used to characterize the bulk structures, phase separation, thermal stability, crystallinity, and wettability of the WPU dispersions. The results indicate that all of the WPU dispersions with a high solid content (ca. 40 wt %) and low viscosity (ca. 20–50 mPa s) displayed excellent stability. The prepared WPU dispersions with acetone contents of 5–7 wt % could be used directly as an ink binder without removing the acetone; this is beneficial to industrial applications of water‐based ink binders. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2017,134, 45406.
Kinetic analysis of the swelling behavior of poly(n‐butylacrylate‐1,6‐hexanedioldiacrylate) networks in 4‐cyano‐4′‐n‐pentyl‐biphenyl (5CB)
Authors: Bouchaour Tewfik , Bouberka Zohra , Dali Youcef Boumédiène , Maschke Ulrich 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe dynamic swelling behavior of chemically crosslinked poly(n‐butylacrylate/1,6‐hexanedioldiacrylate) [poly(Abu‐HDDA)] networks, immersed in an nematogenic and two isotropic solvents, was experimentally analyzed. These networks were elaborated by ultraviolet (UV)–visible light‐induced radical polymerization/crosslinking reactions of Abu/HDDA mixtures, to yield poly(Abu/0.5 wt % HDDA) and poly(Abu/5 wt % HDDA) networks corresponding to weakly and strongly crosslinked systems, respectively. The swelling behavior of these poly(Abu‐HDDA) networks was investigated by immersion in excess solvent, followed by subsequent measurements of the variation of the sample size by means of optical microscopy, depending on temperature and immersion time. Methanol and toluene were employed as isotropic solvents and the nematic liquid crystal molecule 4‐cyano‐4′‐n‐pentyl‐biphenyl, was considered as anisotropic medium. Swelling ratios were calculated by taking into account diameter sizes as function of immersion time compared to the dry state. Experimental data were analyzed using the Komori–Sakamoto approach and the results of this model were found to be in good agreement with the obtained data. The plateau values of the swelling curves at equilibrium were used to establish phase diagrams as function of temperature and solvent concentration. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45452.
Recognition of 5‐fluorouracil by thermosensitive magnetic surface molecularly imprinted microspheres designed using a computational approach
Authors: Zhang Li , Chen Lin , Zhang Huan , Yang Yongzhen , Liu Xuguang 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThermosensitive magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres based on thermosensitive monomer n‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) are applied for the recognition of 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU). A computational analysis is used to predict the interaction sites between 5‐FU and NIPAM, the stoichiometry of the synthesis procedure, and the affinity of imprinted cavities toward 5‐FU. Due to hydrogen bond interactions, a stable complex configuration of 5‐FU and NIPAM shows a binding energy of −46.50 kJ/mol confirming the suitability of imprinting 5‐FU into thermosensitive polymer network. After optimization, the appropriate stoichiometry of 5‐FU to NIPAM is set to 1:4 during the preparation process. The simulated imprinted cavities show affinity toward 5‐FU, with a binding energy of −112.24 kJ/mol. A preliminary experimental evaluation for the drug recognition of thermosensitive magnetic surface molecularly imprinted polymer microspheres is made, obtaining an adsorption capacity of 21.72 mg/g at 25 °C. Pseudo‐second‐order kinetics well describes the adsorption process. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45468.
Three‐dimensional full‐scale bone modeling for preoperative simulation of surgery in patients with elbow contractures due to bone deformities
Authors: Nagura Naoshige , Kenmoku Tomonori , Onuma Kenji , Fukushima Kensuke , Fujimaki Hisako , Takahira Naonobu , Takaso Masashi 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageIt is often difficult to treat for elbow contractures by malformation of bones. We planned a mobilization of elbow with using three‐dimensional full‐scale bone modeling. We found it was effective to use it in preoperative planning because we could recognize the elements of contractures in every deformity.
Spatial heterogeneity and scale‐dependent habitat selection for two sympatric raptors in mixed‐grass prairie
Authors: Atuo Fidelis Akunke , O'Connell Timothy John 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSympatric predators are predicted to partition resources, especially under conditions of food limitation. Spatial heterogeneity that influences prey availability might play an important role in the scales at which potential competitors select habitat. We assessed potential mechanisms for coexistence by examining the role of heterogeneity in resource partitioning between sympatric raptors overwintering in the southern Great Plains. We conducted surveys for wintering Red‐tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) and Northern Harrier (Circus cyanea) at two state wildlife management areas in Oklahoma, USA. We used information from repeated distance sampling to project use locations in a GIS. We applied resource selection functions to model habitat selection at three scales and analyzed for niche partitioning using the outlying mean index. Habitat selection of the two predators was mediated by spatial heterogeneity. The two predators demonstrated significant fine‐scale discrimination in habitat selection in homogeneous landscapes, but were more sympatric in heterogeneous landscapes. Red‐tailed hawk used a variety of cover types in heterogeneous landscapes but specialized on riparian forest in homogeneous landscapes. Northern Harrier specialized on upland grasslands in homogeneous landscapes but selected more cover types in heterogeneous landscapes. Our study supports the growing body of evidence that landscapes can affect animal behaviors. In the system we studied, larger patches of primary land cover types were associated with greater allopatry in habitat selection between two potentially competing predators. Heterogeneity within the scale of raptor home ranges was associated with greater sympatry in use and less specialization in land cover types selected.