bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
International Variation in Health Status Benefits in Patients Undergoing Initial Invasive Versus Conservative Management for Chronic Coronary Disease: Insights From the ISCHEMIA Trial
Authors: Ikemura Nobuhiro , Spertus John A. , Nguyen Dan , Fu Zhuxuan , Jones Philip G. , Reynolds Harmony R. , Bangalore Sripal , Bhargava Balram , Senior Roxy , Elghamaz Ahmed , Goodman Shaun G. , Lopes Renato D. , Pracoń Radoslaw , López-Sendón José , Maggioni Aldo P. , Kohsaka Shun , Roth Gregory A. , White Harvey D. , Mavromatis Kreton , Boden William E. , Rodriguez Fatima , Hochman Judith S. , Maron David J. ,   on behalf of the ISCHEMIA Research Group
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
The ISCHEMIA trial (International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches) demonstrated greater health status benefits with an initial invasive strategy, as compared with a conservative one, for patients with chronic coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia. Whether these benefits vary globally is important to understand to support global adoption of the results.

METHODS:
We analyzed participants’ disease-specific health status using the validated 7-item Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ: >5-point differences are clinically important) at baseline and over 1-year follow-up across 37 countries in 6 international regions. The average effect of initial invasive versus conservative strategies on 1-year SAQ scores was estimated using Bayesian proportional odds regression and compared across regions.

RESULTS:
Considerable regional variation in baseline health status was observed among 4617 participants (mean age=64.4±9.5 years, 24% women), with the mean SAQ summary scores of 67.4±19.5 in Eastern Europe participants (17% of the total), 71.4±15.4 in Asia-Pacific (18%), 74.9±16.7 in Central and South America (10%), 75.5±19.5 in Western Europe (26%), and 78.6±19.2 in North America (28%). One-year improvements in SAQ scores were greater in regions with lower baseline scores with initial invasive management (17.7±20.9 in Eastern Europe and 11.4±19.3 in North America), but similar in the conservative arm. Adjusting for baseline SAQ scores, similar health status benefits of an initial invasive strategy on 1-year SAQ scores were observed (ranging from 2.38 points [95% CI, 0.04–4.50] in North America to 4.66 points [95% CI, 2.46–6.94] in Eastern Europe), with an 88.3% probability that the difference in benefit across regions was <5 points.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with chronic coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, initial invasive management was associated with a consistent health status benefit across regions, with modest regional variability, supporting the international generalizability of health status benefits from invasive management of chronic coronary disease.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT01471522
Longitudinal Changes in Iron and Myelination Within Ischemic Lesions Associate With Neurological Outcomes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Uchida Yuto , Kan Hirohito , Kano Yuya , Onda Kengo , Sakurai Keita , Takada Koji , Ueki Yoshino , Matsukawa Noriyuki , Hillis Argye E. , Oishi Kenichi 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Combined quantitative susceptibility mapping and R2* relaxometry can distinguish iron and myelin components in ischemic lesions. We aimed to investigate whether longitudinal changes in magnetic susceptibility and R2* values within ischemic lesions were associated with neurological outcomes.

METHODS:
In this single-center prospective study, we included patients, 20 to 90 years of age, who were consecutively admitted to the stroke care unit between August 2020 and March 2022 due to acute ischemic stroke. The participants underwent 2 instances of quantitative susceptibility mapping and R2* relaxometry scanning before and after stroke rehabilitation. We compared the changes in these quantitative measures across different subtypes of acute ischemic stroke. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores and the mean magnetic susceptibility and R2* values in ischemic lesions.

RESULTS:

Among a total of 112 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 32 participants (aged 73.3±9.4 years; 20 men and 12 women) were evaluated. The median time from stroke onset to the first imaging was 5 days and that to the second imaging was 102 days. The changes in magnetic susceptibility values of branch atheromatous disease were higher than those of cardioembolism (mean difference, 0.018 [95% CI, 0.009–0.027] ppm;
P
<0.001) and lacunar (mean difference, 0.013 [95% CI, 0.005–0.020] ppm;
P
=0.004). Across all patients, the changes in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores were associated with those of magnetic susceptibility values (coefficient, 0.311 [95% CI, 0.098–0.520];
P
=0.017) but not with R2* values (coefficient, 0.114 [95% CI, −0.127 to 0.345];
P
=0.291).

CONCLUSIONS:
The longitudinal changes in the magnetic susceptibility values within ischemic lesions were associated with neurological outcomes during the restorative stages poststroke in patients experiencing acute ischemic stroke.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr/
; Unique identifier: UMIN000050719.
Bayesian inference of frequency-specific functional connectivity in MEG imaging using a spectral graph model
Authors: Jin Huaqing , Abdelnour Farras , Verma Parul , Sipes Benjamin S. , Nagarajan Srikantan S. , Raj Ashish 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Understanding the relationship between structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) of the human brain is an important goal of neuroscience. Highly detailed mathematical models of neural masses exist that can simulate the interactions between functional activity and structural wiring. These models are often complex and require intensive computation. Most importantly, they do not provide a direct or intuitive interpretation of this structure–function relationship. In this study, we employ the emerging concepts of spectral graph theory to obtain this mapping in terms of graph harmonics, which are eigenvectors of the structural graph’s Laplacian matrix. In order to imbue these harmonics with biophysical underpinnings, we leverage recent advances in parsimonious spectral graph modeling (SGM) of brain activity. Here, we show that such a model can indeed be cast in terms of graph harmonics, and can provide a closed-form prediction of FC in an arbitrary frequency band. The model requires only three global, spatially invariant parameters, yet is capable of generating rich FC patterns in different frequency bands. Only a few harmonics are sufficient to reproduce realistic FC patterns.
We applied the method to predict FC obtained from pairwise magnitude coherence of source-reconstructed resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings of 36 healthy subjects. To enable efficient model inference, we adopted a deep neural network-based Bayesian procedure called simulation-based inference. Using this tool, we were able to speedily infer not only the single most likely model parameters, but also their full posterior distributions. We also implemented several other benchmark methods relating SC to FC, including graph diffusion and coupled neural mass models. The present method was shown to give the best performance overall. Notably, we discovered that a single biophysical parameterization is capable of fitting FCs from all relevant frequency bands simultaneously, an aspect that did not receive adequate attention in prior computational studies.
Genocide as Patriotic Work Ethic: A Critical Reading of Mustafa Reşat’s Memoirs
Authors: Kurt Ümit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article centers on the life of the late Ottoman and early Turkish Republican bureaucrat Mustafa Reşat to investigate how he turned into a genocide technocrat. It examines his career and decisions at critical junctions and depicts him as an outstanding representative of a category of perpetrators who prepare the propitious infrastructure, ground, and climate for such large-scale violence as the Armenian Genocide. By shifting the perspective to the type, scale, and level of perpetrating violence, this paper sheds light on how Mustafa Reşat used his administrative and political knowledge and experience to serve Talat Pasha, who was already organizing the deportation and extermination of Armenians. Drawing upon hitherto unmined sources such as his memoirs, it demonstrates how an ultranationalist and dedicated Ottoman bureaucrat played a pivotal role in determining the main contours of the Turkish state’s mindset on the “Armenian and Kurdish Questions”.
Celebrating the Genesis of Multilateralism in Marine Environmental Law: Reflections from the WMU-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute
Authors: Long Ronán 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Stockholm Declaration and the London Convention/Protocol continue to shape multilateralism in marine environmental law. They guide international law-making and judicial processes including the recent International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Advisory Opinion on Climate Change and International Law. They also inspire the World Maritime University (WMU)-Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute and its work on areas beyond national jurisdiction, plastic pollution, gender equality for the Decade of Ocean Science, the World Ocean Assessment, sea level rise, capacity-building in the Eastern Caribbean, and the Future Ocean Programme.
Digital Culture and Arts Communication via Facebook: Prospects and Concerns for Work in the Culture Sector in Vietnam
Authors: Duester Emma 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the use of Facebook by cultural professionals in Vietnam to maintain connections with their audiences during the Covid-19 pandemic. Facebook provided a simple and free way of maintaining connections with audiences at a time of increased pressure to shift and adapt to online work immediately. However, concerns have emerged about the nature of arts-centred endeavours that are at odds with this for-profit platform and the production of digital culture in the Global South via a Western platform. The investigation uses findings from 50 semi-structured interviews with cultural professionals and a digital ethnography of seven art organizations’ Facebook posts over two months. It highlights that the Covid-19 pandemic propelled a paradigm shift in how cultural professionals communicated with their audiences via Facebook. These shifts have longer and broader implications for the future of work in the cultural sector, both in Asia and globally.
The relationship between ethnicity and multiple sclerosis characteristics in the United Kingdom: A UK MS Register study
Authors: Jacobs Benjamin M , Schalk Luisa , Tregaskis-Daniels Emily , Tank Pooja , Hoque Sadid , Peter Michelle , Tuite-Dalton Katherine , Witts James ,   UK MS Register Study Group, Bove Riley , Dobson Ruth 
Published: September 2024

Background: Previous studies have suggested differences in multiple sclerosis (MS) severity according to ethnicity. Methods: Data were obtained from the UK MS Register, a prospective longitudinal cohort study of persons with MS. We examined the association between self-reported ethnic background and age at onset, symptom of onset and a variety of participant-reported severity measures. We used adjusted multivariable linear regression models to explore the association between ethnicity and impact of MS, and Cox proportional hazards models to assess disability progression. Results: We analysed data from 17,314 people with MS, including participants from self-reported Black ( n = 157) or South Asian ( n = 230) ethnic backgrounds. Age at MS onset and diagnosis was lower in those of South Asian (median 30.0) and Black (median 33.0) ethnicity compared with White ethnicity (median 35.0). In participants with online MS severity measures available, we found no statistically significant evidence for an association between ethnic background and physical disability in MS in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Conclusion: We found no association between ethnic background and MS severity in a large, diverse UK cohort. These findings suggest that other factors, such as socioeconomic status and structural inequalities, may explain previous findings.
A Methodological Insight: Using Online Indigenous Qualitative Data Collection Methods During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Phillipson-Puna Tira , Tkatch Melaney , Ikiua Monleigh , Leilua Shannon , Cribb-Su’a Ainsleigh , Brown Rachel , Anderson Anneka 
Published: September 2024

Adapting indigenous qualitative research methods to an online platform was essential for indigenous qualitative research to continue during the COVID-19 pandemic. Online qualitative data collection is a new method supporting health and other research. During the pandemic, shifting to online qualitative data collection was largely driven by impacts of COVID-19 restrictions where in-person data collection could not be undertaken. Recent research has evaluated online focus groups compared to the in-person focus group approach. However, less is understood about how Māori, Pacific and other Indigenous cultural protocols translate to an online approach. This article is based on a study that undertook an Indigenous approach to online data collection during a period of COVID-19 restrictions in 2022. The study was based in Auckland, Aotearoa New Zealand, focused on gaining Māori, Samoan, Tongan and Cook Island Māori perspectives of streptococcus isolate use for rheumatic fever surveillance and research. In Aotearoa New Zealand, rheumatic fever inequitably affects Māori and Pacific children aged 5–15 years. The project used Kaupapa Māori and Pacific centred research methodologies that included online wānanga and fono methods to collect qualitative data from Māori, Tongan, Samoan and Cook Island Māori participants. This article critically reflects on the strengths and challenges of using these methodologies and Māori and Pacific cultural practices in an online health research. The article demonstrates how Indigenous methodologies can effectively be undertaken in online contexts and still maintain cultural integrity and provide rich qualitative data compared to in-person and western informed online qualitative data collection methods.
Poster 398: Patient Perceptions of Social Media Use by Orthopaedic Surgeons: Comparing Responses Across the US
Authors: Wharton Benjamin , Smyth Anthony , McCarty Eric , Bravman Jonathan , Frank Rachel , Tokish John , Denard Patrick , Westermann Robert , Duchman Kyle 
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize content posted by orthopaedic surgeons on social media (SM) while investigating patient perceptions of this content from various regions of the United States. Analysis was included regarding how this content may influence the respondents’ healthcare decisions. Methods: SM posts by orthopaedic surgeons were reviewed and categorized. A patient survey was written to assess respondent SM usage practices as well as respondent perceptions of these categories. The survey was administered in the clinic of 13 separate orthopaedic surgeons via QR code. Survey results were analyzed for differences in SM utilization. Patient responses were assessed to judge perception of social medial content types. Results: There were 674 completed patient surveys. The 18-24 (89.3%) and 25-34 (87.6%) age groups were more likely to report daily use (p=0.002), but SM utilization was high among all age groups. 23% of patients reported using SM to see information about their healthcare at least once per month, 38% of patients reported reviewing the SM account of a physician at least once per month, and 23% of patients reported that they were likely or very likely to view the SM account of their own physician. 26% of patients reported that SM content is likely or very likely to influence which physician they see. Patients held the most consistently positive view of posts educating patients regarding common injuries, discussing sports team coverage, providing patient testimonials, and posts illustrating examples of imaging used to diagnose and treat patients. Patients held consistently neutral views of posts educating colleagues, discussing research and presentations at national meetings, displaying aspects of surgeons’ personal lives, and supporting marginalized groups. Several post categories elicited negative or highly polarized responses including those discussing research publications, showing surgical techniques or pictures/videos taken during surgery, or political statements. Conclusions: SM is an increasingly useful tool to help physicians interact with patients or build a practice. Physicians who wish to interact with patients should consider posting content viewed most positively including posts educating patients, discussing sports team coverage, and patient testimonials. Content that is viewed less favorably should be posted sparingly or with a sensitive tag. The most effective way to reach large patient populations appears to be through Instagram, Facebook, Tik Tok, Snapchat, and LinkedIn, in that order. Further ongoing study is required to understand the differences between physician SM content focused on interacting with patients compared to content focused on interacting with other physicians.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Utilization among Medically Underserved Patients with Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions
Authors: Chumbler Neale R. , Ogunsanmi Deborah O. , Surbhi Satya 
Published: September 2024

Introduction This study aims to examine (1) the impact of the pandemic phases on overall and preventable hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) visits, and (2) the effect of the pandemic on these outcomes within subgroup populations including gender, race, patients’ residence in health professional shortage areas (HPSA), and residence in a federal poverty level. Study Design We used electronic medical record (EMR) data for the year 2019 and 2020 from a large health system predominantly serving medically underserved patients in the South. We used a difference-in-differences approach to examine changes in weekly rates of overall and preventable hospitalizations and ED visits in the pandemic phase 1 (Mid-March to June of 2020) and phase 2 (July-September of 2020) compared to the same period in 2019 after adjusting for weekly outcome rates in the baseline period (January to Mid-March of 2020) compared to the same period in 2019. Results The study sample included 1.4 million hospitalizations and ED encounters. In phase 1 of the pandemic, there were significant reductions in overall (−108) and preventable (−75.3) hospitalizations, and overall (−408) and preventable (−306) ED visits when compared to the same period in 2019. In phase 2 of the pandemic, there were significant reductions in overall (−60) and preventable (−43) hospitalizations and in overall (−360) and preventable (−258) ED visits as compared to 2019. We found greater reductions in ED visits, both overall and preventable, during the early pandemic phases among Black patients than among White patients. Similar patterns in the reduction of ED visits were found in Black versus White patients within subgroups of women, men, and those residing in a HPSA and low-income areas. Discussion Substantial reductions in utilization were observed in Black patients in comparison to white patients and these differences persisted among men, women, and those living in underserved and low-income areas.
Genome-wide gene network uncover temporal and spatial changes of genes in auxin homeostasis during fruit development in strawberry (F. × ananassa)
Authors: Jang Yoon Jeong , Kim Taehoon , Lin Makou , Kim Jeongim , Begcy Kevin , Liu Zhongchi , Lee Seonghee 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The plant hormone auxin plays a crucial role in regulating important functions in strawberry fruit development. Although a few studies have described the complex auxin biosynthetic and signaling pathway in wild diploid strawberry (Fragaria vesca), the molecular mechanisms underlying auxin biosynthesis and crosstalk in octoploid strawberry fruit development are not fully characterized. To address this knowledge gap, comprehensive transcriptomic analyses were conducted at different stages of fruit development and compared between the achene and receptacle to identify developmentally regulated auxin biosynthetic genes and transcription factors during the fruit ripening process. Similar to wild diploid strawberry, octoploid strawberry accumulates high levels of auxin in achene compared to receptacle.

Results
Genes involved in auxin biosynthesis and conjugation, such as Tryptophan Aminotransferase of Arabidopsis (TAAs), YUCCA (YUCs), and Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3s), were found to be primarily expressed in the achene, with low expression in the receptacle. Interestingly, several genes involved in auxin transport and signaling like Pin-Formed (PINs), Auxin/Indole-3-Acetic Acid Proteins (Aux/IAAs), Transport Inhibitor Response 1 / Auxin-Signaling F-Box (TIR/AFBs) and Auxin Response Factor (ARFs) were more abundantly expressed in the receptacle. Moreover, by examining DEGs and their transcriptional profiles across all six developmental stages, we identified key auxin-related genes co-clustered with transcription factors from the NAM-ATAF1,2-CUC2/ WRKYGQK motif (NAC/WYKY), Heat Shock Transcription Factor and Heat Shock Proteins (HSF/HSP), APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Factor (AP2/ERF) and MYB transcription factor groups.

Conclusions
These results elucidate the complex regulatory network of auxin biosynthesis and its intricate crosstalk within the achene and receptacle, enriching our understanding of fruit development in octoploid strawberries.