bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization and analysis of Si/SiGe strained vertically stacked heterostructure on insulator FeFinFET for high performance analog and RF applications
Authors: Verma Kajal , Chaujar Rishu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As semiconductor technology advances, the exploration of novel materials and device architectures becomes imperative to meet the growing demands of integrated circuits for analog and radio-frequency (RF) applications. In this paper, various advanced technologies have been amalgamated such as integration of ferroelectric layer in multigate FinFET along with the adaptation of SOI technology. Further strain technology is also used which employs a tri-layered strained-silicon channel system with the help of SiGe to form Vertically Stacked Heterostructure on Insulator Ferroelectric based FinFET (VS-HOI-FeFinFET) and on comparison with baseline FeFinFET, it is found to show remarkable improvements in terms of various measured parameters such as drain current, switching ratio, threshold voltage and subthreshold swing. Subsequently, gate stacking architecture is incorporated in VS-HOI-FeFinFET to further optimize the device performance. The four different configurations C1 to C4 are taken in terms of four different combinations of gate stack materials considered for gate oxide such as C1(SiO2+Al2O3), C2(SiO2+HfO2), C3(Al2O3), and C4(Al2O3+HfO2). It is found that the static and analog performance of VS-HOI-GS-FeFinFET enhance sequentially from configuration C1 to C4 such as switching ratio is enhanced upto around 5 times, DIBL and quality factor are improved by around 41% and 58% respectively along with significant improvement in device efficiency, early voltage, intrinsic gain, output conductance and output resistance. Subsequently performance optimization of VS-HOI-GS-FeFinFET with variation in mole fraction of germanium is also explored for various analog metrics. Further, several RF parameters are also explored and it is observed that the gain frequency product (GFP) and gain transconductance frequency product (GTFP) are augmented by around three times in magnitude along with 16% reduction in the unity gain cut off frequency in C4 configuration, exhibiting its ability of high frequency amplification with minimized noise distortion thus makes the device suitable for various high performance Analog and RF applications.
Cosmic-ray propagation models elucidate the prospects for antinuclei detection
Authors: Luque Pedro De La Torre , Winkler Martin Wolfgang , Linden Tim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTentative observations of cosmic-ray antihelium by the AMS-02 collaboration have re-energized the quest to use antinuclei to search for physics beyond the standard model. However, our transition to a data-driven era requires more accurate models of the expected astrophysical antinuclei fluxes. We use a state-of-the-art cosmic-ray propagation model, fit to high-precision antiproton and cosmic-ray nuclei (B, Be, Li) data, to constrain the antinuclei flux from both astrophysical and dark matter annihilation models. We show that astrophysical sources are capable of producing 𝒪(1) antideuteron events and 𝒪(0.1) antihelium-3 events over 15 years of AMS-02 observations. Standard dark matter models could potentially produce higher levels of these antinuclei, but showing a different energy-dependence. Given the uncertainties in these models, dark matter annihilation is still the most promising candidate to explain preliminary AMS-02 results. Meanwhile, any robust detection of antihelium-4 events would require more novel dark matter model building or a new astrophysical production mechanism.
Revisiting astrophysical bounds on continuous spontaneous localization models
Authors: Ocampo M.M. , Miller Bertolami M.M. , León G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Among the open problems in fundamental physics, few are as conceptually significant as the “measurement problem” in Quantum Mechanics. One of the proposed solutions to this problem is the Continuous Spontaneous Localization (CSL) model, which introduces a non-linear and stochastic modification of the Schrödinger equation. This model incorporates two parameters that can be subjected to experimental constraints. One of the most notable consequences of this theory is the spontaneous heating of massive objects; this anomalous heating is dependent on the CSL parameters. In this work, we will revisit some astrophysical bounds previously found, and introduce new methods for testing the spontaneous heating in a variety of compact objects. Finally, we will compare our different bounds and discuss the benefits and shortcomings of each one.
Effect of local wall clearance on scrape-off layer electron density profiles in ASDEX Upgrade
Authors: Tal B. , Wolfrum E. , Bernert M. , Birkenmeier G. , Brida D. , Fischer R. , Grenfell G. , Griener M. , Grover O. , Hobirk J. , Kurzan B. , Lunt T. , Schneider P.A. , Vianello N. , Wendler D. , Upgrade Team the ASDEX ,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The plasma electron density is measured with multiple diagnostics in the scrape-off layer of the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. The recorded values are typically in good agreement in the case of exponentially decaying profiles at low densities, but they become inconsistent as soon as a density shoulder is formed, and up to a factor of 3 deviation is experienced at high densities. An idea is put forward; namely, that the local plasma-wall proximity has an influence on the local density and thus the measurement results depend on the local limiter-plasma and limiter-diagnostic distances at the same time. The effect of local wall clearance dependence is demonstrated by creating a plasma having an extremely high scrape-off layer density

(

n

e

>
3
⋅

10

19

m

−
3

)

after the H-L back transition and varying the position of the separatrix in different directions. As a possible physical process, neutral recycling at the plasma facing components is identified. Similar behaviour is also observed in the QCE regime, where the appearance of small ELMs barely impacts the scrape-off layer profiles. There are also indications that the local wall clearance does have an impact on the density profile not only in the scrape-off layer, but also in the confined region.
An upgrade of the radial probes for HIRFL-SFC
Authors: Kang Xincai , Li Youtang , Chen Yucong , Song Haihong , Mao Ruishi , Zhao Tiecheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
SFC (Sector Focusing Cyclotron) is essential to the Heavy
Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). Its beam extraction
efficiency is directly related to the overall operational efficiency
of the accelerator. The original radial probes of the SFC, due to
its outdated equipment, no longer meet the requirements for beam
tuning in terms of mechanical precision, vacuum level, and local
noise. Three new sets of radial probes have been developed in
phases. These devices were installed at the accelerator site during
annual maintenance, providing axial and radial beam distribution
during acceleration. Since 2020, the system has been operating
without any failures, providing corresponding beam parameters for
the accelerator's operation and ensuring the normal functioning of
the accelerator.
5G network performance using novel MIMO mixed FSO/MMW communication systems under pointing errors effect: test analysis using image transmission
Authors: Derouiche Samra , Kameche Samir , Adardour Haroun Errachid 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Millimeter waves (MMW) enable high data rates over short distances; free-space optical (FSO) provides high-capacity optical wireless transmissions; and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) maximizes antenna utilization. These are the three leading technologies that work harmoniously to deliver 5G’s superior performance. This collaborative effort results in 5G’s ability to offer high connection capacities, low latency, and rapid speeds, creating new opportunities for industrial and internet of things applications. In this paper, the proposed system combines FSO links and MMW radio frequency (RF) links to enhance the performance of mixed FSO/RF systems. FSO experiences turbulence and pointing errors (PE), while MMW undergoes fading. Using both FSO and MMW provides diversity against channel fading. Furthermore, both the FSO and MMW links utilize MIMO technology to combat fading through spatial diversity. The FSO link is modeled with a Gamma-Gamma Turbulence model and PE. The MMW link is modeled with Rayleigh fading. By combining these two types of links with MIMO, the system can achieve improved performance compared to using either FSO or MMW alone. The dual nature of the system provides robustness against different types of channels fading effects. Overall, the goal is to enhance performance by capitalizing on the complementary channel characteristics of optical and RF links and exploiting MIMO’s spatial diversity benefits. In the present work, closed-form formulas accounting for the influence of PE are generated for the bit error rate (BER). This article also explores the MIMO mixed FSO/MMW system with multiple modulation techniques under various turbulence situations. The suggested system is ultimately verified by transmitting images with suitable fixed BER.
Optimized-selenization preparation and laser Q-switching characteristics of layered PtSe2
Authors: Zhang Qianyong , Wang Jing , Li Guoshun , Wang Jinhu , Yue Xiuhui , Guo Heze , Jiang Kai , Xia Wei , Tang Wenjing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
PtSe2 has high carrier mobility, excellent electrical and optical properties, and high potential in the field of optoelectronic devices. In this paper, the conventional selenization method is optimized and a single-temperature zone preparation is used to prepare large-area and homogeneous PtSe2 thin-film materials on sapphire substrates in a shorter time and at a lower temperature. The prepared sample is characterized by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy and Z-scan method. The saturable absorption properties of layered PtSe2 as a passive Q-switched are investigated in a solid-state laser. The results show that the PtSe2 thin film material is synthesized at 400 °C for 1 h to cover the entire one-inch sapphire wafer with a thickness of about 25 nm and the surface roughness is 13.1 nm. The modulation at 1064 nm yielded an output pulse with a maximum repetition frequency of 688.47 kHz, corresponding to a pulse width of 202.5 ns, a peak power of 7.35 W, a single-pulse energy of 1.51 μJ, and a stable pulse train.
A study on interactive fiber rubber composite structures subjected to bend-twist coupling
Authors: Annadata Achyuth Ram , Endesfelder Anett , Koenigsdorff Markus , Mersch Johannes , Gereke Thomas , Zimmermann Martina , Cherif Chokri 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the deformation behavior of shape memory alloy (SMA)-integrated fiber-reinforced composites, with an emphasis on how different fiber orientations influence bend-twist coupling. The study combines experimental analysis, finite element simulations using Ansys, and analytical modeling via Classical Laminate Theory (CLT) to assess the mechanical response of these composites. The experiments revealed that composites with higher fiber angles (60°) exhibited dominant twisting behavior, while those with lower angles (30° and 45°) showed more pronounced bending deformation. The simulations corroborated these trends, offering detailed insights into the displacement behavior. The CLT model further predicted a decrease in deflection with increasing fiber angles, which was consistent with experimental results, although some deviations in Z-deformation were attributed to material and manufacturing factors. This research highlights the critical role of fiber orientation in achieving desired deformations in SMA-integrated composites, offering valuable insights for the design of adaptive structures. The findings demonstrate the potential for optimizing fiber configurations to tailor bend-twist coupling in advanced composite applications.
Fabrication and characterization of PEGylated magnetite nanoparticles for sustained curcumin release: in-vitro study
Authors: Khan Basharat , Nawaz Mohsan , Waseem Muhammad , Shahzad Nasir , Alsaiari Ahad Amer , Razzokov Jamoliddin , Haq Sirajul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A novel approach was adopted to synthesize size-controlled magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with different molecular weights of polyethylene glycol (PEG), like PEG 750, PEG 2000, and PEG 5000. The drug release kinetics of curcumin (CPMNPs) loaded PEGylated samples were studied. Different techniques used to characterize nanoparticles, like transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The in-vitro studies of curcumin from CPMNPs samples observed a sustained release through kinetics studies from the PMNPs that followed a pseudo-second order reaction. MNPs functionalized with different molecular weights of PEG to make the MNPS biocompatible; moreover, the role of PEG on sustained release of curcumin was also investigated. It was concluded that the particles synthesized at pH-10 coated with PEG of molecular weight 750 exhibited the highest sustained release efficiency of curcumin, i.e., about 98.8%.
Radiative recombination model for BiSeI microcrystals: unveiling deep defects through photoluminescence
Authors: Dolcet Sadurni Marc , Krustok Jüri , Timmo Kristi , Mikli Valdek , Kondrotas Rokas , Grossberg-Kuusk Maarja , Kauk-Kuusik Marit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Pnictogen chalcohalides are semiconductors that have emerged as promising materials for energy conversion due to their exceptional optoelectronic properties. Their electronic configuration (ns2), particularly for Bi- and Sb-based compounds, can be a key factor in efficient carrier transport and defect tolerance, similarly, to Pb-perovskites. In the present study, the Bi-containing chalcohalide, bismuth selenoiodide (BiSeI) was synthesized via isothermal heat treatment of binary precursors in evacuated quartz ampoules. The synthesized BiSeI microcrystals exhibited a characteristic needle-like morphology and a near-stoichiometric composition. Both indirect and direct band gap energies of BiSeI were determined by ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, with room temperature values of 1.17 eV and 1.29 eV, respectively. This study presents the first experimental investigation of the photoluminescence properties of BiSeI microcrystals resulting in a recombination model involving multiple defect states. This work provides valuable insights into the defect structure and recombination mechanisms within BiSeI, paving the way for further exploration of its potential in optoelectronic devices.
Investigating the laser power and trajectory effect on milled surface quality during SiC ceramic processing
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Ding Xin , Gao Haixin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics are widely used in industrial production due to their high strength, excellent wear resistance, and superior thermal stability. However, the hard and brittle nature of SiC ceramics presents challenges, such as high processing difficulty, low processing efficiency, and significant tool wear. In this study, we propose a method to enhance the processing efficiency and quality of SiC ceramics by optimizing the machining paths using laser precision milling technology. By adjusting the interlayer laser trajectory angle in multi-layer milling, we were able to control the machining depth and quality of the SiC ceramics. The results show that altering the interlayer laser trajectory angle between adjacent milling layers can significantly impact the milling depth and surface roughness. Additionally, within the laser power range of 4–10 W used in the study, the average milling depth increased as laser power increased. The surface processed with 10 W laser power and a 45° laser trajectory angle exhibited the best surface quality. This research provides valuable data and references for the efficient and high-quality processing of SiC ceramics.
Persistent Mayer Dirac
Authors: Suwayyid Faisal , Wei Guo-Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Topological data analysis (TDA) has made significant progress in developing a new class of fundamental operators known as the Dirac operator, particularly in topological signals and molecular representations. However, the current approaches being used are based on the classical case of chain complexes. The present study establishes Mayer Dirac operators based on N-chain complexes. These operators interconnect an alternating sequence of Mayer Laplacian operators, providing a generalization of the classical result

D
2

=
L

. Furthermore, the research presents an explicit formulation of the Laplacian for N-chain complexes induced by vertex sequences on a finite set. Weighted versions of Mayer Laplacian and Dirac operators are introduced to expand the scope and improve applicability, showcasing their effectiveness in capturing physical attributes in various practical scenarios. The study presents a generalized version for factorizing Laplacian operators as an operator’s product and its ‘adjoint’. Additionally, the proposed persistent Mayer Dirac operators and extensions are applied to biological and chemical domains, particularly in the analysis of molecular structures. The study also highlights the potential applications of persistent Mayer Dirac operators in data science.
Noise-resilient designs and analysis for optical neural networks
Authors: Kosmella Gianluca , Stabile Ripalta , Sanders Jaron 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
All analog signal processing is fundamentally subject to noise, and this is also the case in next generation implementations of optical neural networks (ONNs). Therefore, we propose the first hardware-based approach to mitigate noise in ONNs. A tree-like and an accordion-like design are constructed from a given NN that one wishes to implement. Both designs have the capability that the resulting ONNs gives outputs close to the desired solution. To establish the latter, we analyze the designs mathematically. Specifically, we investigate a probabilistic framework for the tree-like design that establishes the correctness of the design, i.e. for any feed-forward NN with Lipschitz continuous activation functions, an ONN can be constructed that produces output arbitrarily close to the original. ONNs constructed with the tree-like design thus also inherit the universal approximation property of NNs. For the accordion-like design, we restrict the analysis to NNs with linear activation functions and characterize the ONNs’ output distribution using exact formulas. Finally, we report on numerical experiments with LeNet ONNs that give insight into the number of components required in these designs for certain accuracy gains. The results indicate that adding just a few components and/or adding them only in the first (few) layers in the manner of either design can already be expected to increase the accuracy of ONNs considerably. To illustrate the effect we point to a specific simulation of a LeNet implementation, in which adding one copy of the layers components in each layer reduces the mean-squared error (MSE) by 59.1% for the tree-like design and by 51.5% for the accordion-like design. In this scenario, the gap in accuracy of prediction between the noiseless NN and the ONNs reduces even more: 93.3% for the tree-like design and 80% for the accordion-like design.
Transitioning to building integration of photovoltaics and greenery (BIPVGREEN): case studies up-scaling from cities informal settlements
Authors: Karamanis Dimitrios , Liu Hai-Ying , Skandalos Nikolaos , Makis Achilleas , Kapsalis Vasileios , D’Agostino Delia , Maduta Carmen , Tolis Athanasios , Trandafir Simona , Parker Danny 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To achieve the objectives of COP28 for transitioning away from fossil fuels and phasing these out, both natural and technological solutions are essential, necessitating a step-change in how we implement social innovation. Given the significant CO2 emissions produced by the building sector, there is an urgent need for a transformative shift towards a net-zero building stock by mid-century. This transition to zero-energy and zero-emission buildings is difficult due to complex processes and substantial costs. Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) offers a promising solution due to the benefits of enhanced energy efficiency and electricity production. The availability of roof and façade space in offices and other types of buildings, especially in large cities, permits photovoltaic integration in both opaque and transparent surfaces. This study investigates the synergistic relationship between solar conversion technologies and nature-based components. Through a meta-analysis of peer-reviewed literature and critical assessment, effective BIPVs with greenery (BIPVGREEN) combinations suitable for various climatic zones are identified. The results highlight the multi-faceted benefits of this integration across a range of techno-economic and social criteria and underscore the feasibility of up-scaling these solutions for broader deployment. Applying a SWOT analysis approach, the internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as the external opportunities and threats for BIPVGREEN deployment, are investigated. The analysis reveals key drivers of synergistic effects and multi-benefits, while also addressing the challenges associated with optimizing performance and reducing investment costs. The strengths of BIPVGREEN in terms of energy efficiency and sustainable decarbonization, along with its potential to mitigate urban and climate temperature increases, enhance its relevance to the built environment, especially for informal settlements. The significance of prioritizing this BIPVGREEN climate mitigation action in low-income vulnerable regions and informal settlements is crucial through the minimum tax financing worldwide and citizen’s engagement in architectural BIPVGREEN co-integration.