bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends and predictors of severe and moderate anaemia among children aged 6–59 months in India: an analysis of three rounds of National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data
Authors: Preethi Vegi , Hemalatha Vegi , Arlappa N. , Thomas MB. , Jaleel Abdul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Childhood anaemia remains a significant public health problem in India, as it adversely affects child development and overall health outcomes. This study aimed to analyse the prevalence of severe and moderate anaemia among children aged 6–59 months and identify consistent predictors of this condition over the past 15 years.

Methods
Data from the three most recent rounds of the NFHS were used for this analysis. The final weighted sample included 40,331 children from the NFHS-3 (2005–2006), 200,093 from the NFHS-4 (2015–2016), and 178,909 from the NFHS-5 (2019–2021). Descriptive and bivariate analyses were conducted, followed by binary logistic regression to identify factors associated with severe and moderate anaemia in children aged 6–59 months. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 14.

Results
Over the past 15 years, the prevalence of severe and moderate anaemia among children in India has shown a slight decline. However, the influence of various predictors has changed over time. Young children (aged 6–23 months), those from Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) communities, and children born to mothers with high parity and low educational attainment remain particularly vulnerable to anaemia. Additionally, short-term illness significantly increases the risk of anaemia. Furthermore, women’s autonomy, indicated by higher education and lower fertility rates, along with maternal nutrition education, have emerged as key factors in reducing anaemia burden in the future. Notably, children whose mothers had no education were 1.4 times more likely to suffer from severe or moderate anaemia. Similarly, children born to mothers with four to five children (OR 1.1, p < 0.05) and those with six or more children (OR 1.2, p < 0.05) had an elevated risk of anaemia.

Conclusion
The findings highlight three key areas for programmatic focus to accelerate anaemia reduction in India: [1] targeting young children (aged 6–23 months); [2] ensuring the inclusion of SC and ST communities in all relevant interventions; and [3] promoting women’s autonomy. These strategies are essential for reducing the burden of anaemia across the country.
Don’t forget to mind the mind: a prospective cohort study over 12 months on mental health symptoms in active professional male footballers
Authors: Pillay Lervasen , van Rensburg Dina C. Janse , Ramkilawon Gopika , Andersen Thor Einar , Kerkhoffs Gino , Gouttebarge Vincent 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aims
We examined the prevalence and incidence of mental health symptoms (MHS) in active professional male footballers over a 12-month period and investigated if MHS was associated with severe injuries or surgeries.

Participants and methods
Football Players Worldwide (FIFPRO) affiliated national unions invited active professional male football players to participate in the study. MHS was operationalised in symptoms of anxiety, disordered eating, depression, distress, sleep disturbance, alcohol misuse and drug misuse, all being assessed with validated questionnaires.

Results
Of the 101 participants enrolled, the prevalence of distress was 53% and MHS was between 6% for drug misuse and 48% for alcohol misuse. The incidence of distress was 29% and MHS ranged from 1% for anxiety to 11% for sleep disturbance. At baseline, players suffering from injury/surgery were more likely to report depression (OR 1.35; 95%CI 1.10–1.70) and disordered eating (OR 1.22; 95%CI 1.02–1.47). At follow-up, players who suffered injury or surgery were inclined to report distress (OR 2.15; 95%CI 1.26–4.31) and drug misuse (OR 2.05; 95%CI 1.01–4.04).

Conclusion
There seems to be a greater prevalence of MHS in active professional male footballers than in the global population and other sports. After severe injury/surgery, the risk of developing MHS is increased, confirming that healthcare professionals should be aware of the mental health of injured players.
Proline metabolism is essential for alkaline adaptation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Wang Minxu , Yan Yuxi , Liu Wei , Fan Jinquan , Li Erchao , Chen Liqiao , Wang Xiaodan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Saline-alkaline water aquaculture has become a key way to mitigate the reduction of freshwater aquaculture space and meet the increasing global demand for aquatic products. To enhance the comprehensive utilization capability of saline-alkaline water, it is necessary to understand the regulatory mechanisms of aquatic animals coping with saline-alkaline water. In this study, our objective was to elucidate the function of proline metabolism in the alkaline adaptation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Results
Expose Nile tilapia to alkaline water of different alkalinity for 2 weeks to observe changes in its growth performance and proline metabolism. Meanwhile, to further clarify the role of proline metabolism, RNA interference experiments were conducted to disrupt the normal operation of proline metabolic axis by knocking down pycr (pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductases), the final rate-limiting enzyme in proline synthesis. The results showed that both the synthesis and degradation of proline were enhanced under carbonate alkalinity stress, and the environmental alkalinity impaired the growth performance of tilapia, and the higher the alkalinity, the greater the impairment. Moreover, environmental alkalinity caused oxidative stress in tilapia, enhanced ion transport, ammonia metabolism, and altered the intensity and form of energy metabolism in tilapia. When the expression level of the pycr gene decreased, the proline metabolism could not operate normally, and the ion transport, antioxidant defense system, and energy metabolism were severely damaged, ultimately leading to liver damage and a decreased survival rate of tilapia under alkalinity stress.

Conclusions
The results indicated that proline metabolism plays an important role in the alkaline adaptation of Nile tilapia and is a key regulatory process in various biochemical and physiological processes.
Prevalence of psychosocial findings and their correlation with TMD symptoms in an adult population sample
Authors: Iodice Giorgio , Michelotti Ambra , D’Antò Vincenzo , Martina Stefano , Valletta Rosa , Rongo Roberto 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background and aim
Some studies suggested an association between Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and psychosocial status, but most of them are focused on samples of patients looking for treatment or present limits of sample representativeness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the psychosocial status in a large sample of adult population, further than to assess its association to TMD symptoms, oral behaviours, and self-reported facial trauma.

Results
the study sample included 4299 subjects older than 18 years randomly recruited from general population in public spaces during their daily life (1700 Males, 2599 Females mean ± SD age = 40.4 ± 18.1). Psychosocial status and pain-related disability were assessed by means of Patient Health Questionnaire 4 (PHQ-4) and Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS). TMD symptoms were assessed by RDC/TMD and validated screening tools for TMD pain. Oral Behaviours Checklist was used to investigate on oral behaviours. Logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association of the psychosocial status, TMD symptoms, trauma, and oral behaviours. The association was tested using both univariate and multivariate models. The PHQ4 evaluation showed a severe impairment in 4.6% of our sample, moderate in 18.8% and mild in 32.5%. We found a Characteristic Pain Intensity (CPI) level and Interference Score greater that 30 respectively in 36.2% and 22.2% of the study sample. The GCPS status revealed a high disability with severe limitation in 2.5% of the sample, high disability with moderate limitation in 7.0%, low disability high pain intensity in 7.4% and low disability low pain intensity in 37.8%. Anxiety and depression’s levels were significantly associated with gender, TMD pain, coexistence of TMD Pain and sound, and oral behaviours. GCPS status was significantly associated with age, TMD Pain, coexistence of TMD pain and sound, trauma, and oral behaviours.

Conclusions
In the general population, psychosocial impairment is associated to TMD pain, female gender, and report of oral behaviours. Hence, in adults with TMD accompanied by pain, psychosocial status should also be evaluated.
Visual and patient reported outcomes provided by a refractive multifocal intraocular lens based on continuous transitional focus
Authors: Alió Jorge L. , Martínez-Abad Antonio , Ruiz-Mesa Ramón , Kim Hyo Myung , Mendicute Javier , Ribeiro Filomena J. , Holzer Mike P. , Cantó-Cerdán Mario 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To analyze the quality of vision of patients implanted bilaterally with the multifocal Precizon Presbyopic intraocular lens (IOL), as well as to evaluate the visual performance provided by the lens.

Setting
Vissum Miranza Alicante.

Design
Prospective multicenter study.

Methods
56 patients (mean age 65.0 ± 8.7 years old) underwent bilateral implantation with multifocal Precizon Presbyopic IOL. The quality of vision was assessed by a quality of vision questionnaire at 6 months after the implantation procedure, a complete eye examination was also performed including visual and refractive measurements, defocus curve and contrast sensitivity assessment. Visual and refractive variables were compared in preoperative, 3-month postoperative and 6-month postoperative visits by Wilcoxon test.

Results
The quality of vision analysis showed the absence of severe glare and severe haloes in all evaluated patients. Likewise, non-symptoms of glare, haloes and starbursts were seen in 75%, 68%, and 55% of subjects, respectively. Efficacy and safety index was 1.26 and 1.42, respectively. The 6-month postoperative binocular uncorrected distance visual acuity and near uncorrected visual acuity were 0.00 ± 0.09 and 0.20 ± 0.13 logMAR, respectively. Mean spherical equivalent was 0.29 ± 0.45 D.

Conclusions
The Precizon Presbyopic NVA IOL (OPHTEC BV) provides a suitable quality of vision with a low rate of disturbance photic phenomena induction, as well as an excellent visual performance at main distances of sight accomplishing the visual demands of the majority of patients.
Experimental study on the buffering mechanism of EPS bead-sand cushions under single and multiple impacts
Authors: Ren Feifan , Liu Jiahao , Huang Qiangqiang , Ding Huan , Hu Zhipeng , Wang Guan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs a main functional component of rock sheds in rockfall protection projects, traditional sand cushions have shortcomings such as heavy weight and weak buffering capacity. EPS bead-sand cushion can effectively solve these problems, but its buffering mechanism has not been fully revealed. In this study, a series of impact tests were carried out to investigate the performance of EPS bead-sand cushions with different EPS bead contents, and the evolutions of rockfall impact force, penetration depth, earth pressure, and slab vibration under single impact and multiple impacts were comparatively analyzed. The results show that with the addition of EPS beads, the maximum impact force, the peak earth pressure, and the vibration acceleration are significantly reduced. However, the cushion with high EPS bead content is at risk of being penetrated under high energy or multiple impacts, leading to excessive concentration of impact stresses. Furthermore, the EPS beads can alleviate the hardening of the sand cushion under impact through their deformation coordination, but excessive penetration should be prevented in the design of EPS bead-sand cushions. On this basis, combined with traditional sand cushion design theory, an estimation method for the maximum impact force applicable to EPS bead-sand cushion was proposed. The research results can provide a reference for the design and optimization of cushions in actual projects.
Lessons for expert psychiatric witnesses from recent judgments and updated procedural rules
Authors: Bhatti Abiha , Rix Keith 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYThe past 5 years have seen numerous court judgments and changes to rules and procedures that relate to the work of expert psychiatric witnesses in the British Isles. This article outlines these changes, pointing out their implications for the expert witness, and highlights pertinent judgments in over 100 court and tribunal cases.
Determining unmet need: clinical relevance of suspected neurodivergence in first-episode psychosis
Authors: Nikolić Nikola , Sculthorpe Catherine , Stock Jessica , Stevens Dan , Eccles Jessica 
Published: October 2024

Aims and method
We explored the prevalence of autism and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in first-episode psychosis. Through service evaluation involving 509 individuals, detailed analyses were conducted on neurodevelopmental traits and patterns of service utilisation.

Results
Prevalence of neurodivergence in first-episode psychosis was 37.7%. Neurodivergent individuals used urgent mental health services more frequently (Mann–Whitney U = 25925, Z = −2.832, P = 0.005) and had longer hospital stays (Mann–Whitney U = 22816, Z = −4.886, P ≤ 0.001) than non-neurodivergent people. Neurodivergent people spend more than twice as long in mental health hospitals at a time than the non-neurodivergent people (Mann–Whitney U = 22 909.5, Z = −4.826, P ≤ 0.001). Mediation analysis underscored indirect impact of neurodivergence on hospital stay durations through age at onset of psychosis and use of emergency services.

Clinical implications
Prevalence of neurodevelopmental conditions in first-episode psychosis is underestimated. Neurodivergent individuals show increased utilisation of mental health services and experience psychosis earlier. Early assessment is crucial for optimising psychosis management and improving mental health outcomes.
The Effect of Multi-Ingredient Protein versus Collagen Supplementation on Satellite Cell Properties in Males and Females
Authors: WAGEH MAI , FORTINO STEPHEN A. , PONTELLO RILEY , MAKLAD AHMED , MCGLORY CHRIS , KUMBHARE DINESH , PHILLIPS STUART M. , PARISE GIANNI 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Skeletal muscle satellite cells (SC) contribute to the adaptive process of resistance exercise training (RET) and may be influenced by nutritional supplementation. However, little research exists on the impact of multi-ingredient supplementation on the SC response to RET.

Purpose
We tested the effect of a multi-ingredient supplement (MIS) including whey protein, creatine, leucine, calcium citrate, and vitamin D on SC content and activity as well as myonuclear accretion, SC and myonuclear domain compared with a collagen control (COL) throughout a 10-wk RET program.

Methods
Twenty-six participants underwent a 10-wk linear RET program while consuming either the MIS or COL supplement twice daily. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis at baseline and 48 h after a bout of damaging exercise, before and after RET. Muscle tissue was analyzed for SC and myonuclear content, domain, acute SC activation, and fiber cross-sectional area (fCSA).

Results
MIS resulted in a greater increase in type II fCSA following 10 wk of RET (effect size (ES) = 0.89) but not myonuclear accretion or SC content. Change in myonuclei per fiber was positively correlated with type I and II and total fiber hypertrophy in the COL group only, indicating a robust independent effect of MIS on fCSA. Myonuclear domain increased similarly in both groups, whereas SC domain remained unchanged following RET. SC activation was similar between groups for all fiber types in the untrained state but showed a trend toward greater increases with MIS after RET (ES = 0.70).

Conclusions
SC responses to acute damaging exercise and long-term RET are predominantly similar in MIS and COL groups. However, MIS can induce greater increases in type II fCSA with RET and potentially SC activation following damage in the trained state.
Automatic Recognition of Agriculture Pests with Balanced Feature Pyramid Network
Authors: Chen Songnan , Yang Weiqiang , Chen Xuelin 
Published: October 2024

HIGHLIGHTSWe propose a balanced feature pyramid network model to achieve automatic recognition of agricultural pests.We propose and improved feature pyramid module to address the problems of the large semantic gap before feature fusion in FPN (feature pyramid network), information loss during feature fusion, and how to utilize complementary information to strengthen features after feature fusion.Our method is evaluated on the pest dataset and achieves better recognition results, the mAP (mean Average Precision) reaches 90.04%, and the final mAP after combining with the data enhancement strategy reaches 92.56%.Abstract.In order to ensure the steady improvement of the quality and efficiency of agricultural production, the precise prevention and control of agriculture pests should be given top priority. Based on the Faster R-CNN model, we propose a feature-augmented recognition model (FARM) for the detection of agricultural pests to improve the professional level of pest control. Firstly, we select VoVNet as the backbone network to extract rich visual information. Secondly, in view of the existing problems of FPN (Feature Pyramid Network), we propose a feature pyramid enhancement network to improve it. Finally, we use an adaptive anchor box network to train anchor boxes to avoid the problem of unbalanced positive and negative samples caused by artificial parameter adjustment. The experimental result shows that our method can achieve better recognition results; the mAP on the agricultural pest dataset reaches 90.04%, and the final mAP after combining with the data enhancement strategy reaches 92.56%. Keywords: Adaptive anchor box, Agricultural pests, Feature augmented, Feature pyramid.
A Novel Trichogramma ostriniae Release System to Control Ostrinia nubilalis in Sweet Corn
Authors: Dionne Ariane , Khelifi Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

HighlightsA first novel injection system was built for spraying Trichogramma at a large scale in sweet corn fields.A mechanical mixer was designed for a rapid dissolution of xanthan and guar gums.The injection system achieved a Trichogramma emergence rate efficiency of 83%.Hose drops addition resulted in an extra 44% spraying coverage underneath sweet corn leaves.Abstract. In sweet corn processing sector, the use of Trichogramma for controlling Ostrinia nubilalis is uncommon in fields, primarily due to the absence of efficient mechanical deployment tools. The poor dissolution of xanthan and guar gums and the medium released along with Trichogramma also impedes the deployment of this biocontrol method. Thus, the preparation of the spraying solution and its application needed to be optimized to be feasible and profitable at a large scale. This work aimed to spray Trichogramma pupae by creating a novel tool: a specific mechanical mixer designed for the rapid dissolution of gums and a modular injection system containing a mixture of Trichogramma pupae and gum formulation to improve the Trichogramma spraying efficiency. Trichogramma emergence rate and concentration were assessed. Results showed that this spraying system greatly facilitated the release of Trichogramma ostriniae and the dissolution of xanthan and guar gums. Specifically, a 4-blade serrated dispersion disk dissolved 16 L at 12 g/L of gum in less than 6 minutes. The injection system successfully distributed pupae through both sides of the sprayer boom with an overall emergence rate efficacy of 83%. Also, an additional 44% of spraying coverage was achieved by spraying under sweet corn leaves using hose drops. Combined with the easy installation on any commercial sprayer, this modular injection system represents a promising pest control tool in organic and conventional crops. Keywords: Injection, Mechanized release, Ostrinia nubilalis, Spraying, Sweet corn, Trichogramma.
FishMOT: A Simple and Effective Method for Fish Tracking Based on IoU Matching
Authors: Liu Shuo , Zheng Xinyu , Han Lulu , Liu Xiaoyang , Ren Junli , Wang Fang , Liu Ying , Lin Yuanshan 
Published: October 2024

HighlightsExisting tracking methods face challenges in accuracy and robustness.FishMOT (Multiple Object Tracking for Fish) is a novel fish-tracking approach combining object detection and IoU matching.FishMOT outperforms state-of-the-art multi-target trackers and specialized fish-tracking tools on several metrics.The simplified workflow and strong performance make FishMOT a highly effective fish-tracking approach.Abstract. Fish tracking plays a vital role in understanding fish behavior and ecology. However, existing tracking methods face challenges in accuracy and robustness due to morphological changes in fish, occlusion, and complex environments. This article proposes FishMOT (Multiple Object Tracking for Fish), a novel fish tracking approach combining object detection and IoU (Intersection over Union) matching, including a basic module, an interaction module, and a refind module. Wherein, a basic module performs target association based on the IoU of detection boxes between successive frames to deal with the morphological change of fish; an interaction module combines the IoU of detection boxes and the IoU of fish entities to handle occlusions; and a refind module uses spatio-temporal information to overcome the tracking failure resulting from the missed detection by the detector in a complex environment. FishMOT reduces the computational complexity and memory consumption since it does not require complex feature extraction or identity assignment per fish and does not need a Kalman filter to predict the detection boxes of successive frames. Experimental results demonstrate FishMOT outperforms state-of-the-art multi-object trackers and specialized fish tracking tools in terms of MOTA (Multiple Object Tracking Accuracy), accuracy, computation time, memory consumption, etc. Furthermore, the method exhibits excellent robustness and generalizability for varying environments and fish numbers. The simplified workflow and strong performance make FishMOT a highly effective fish-tracking approach. The source codes and pre-trained models are available at: https://github.com/gakkistar/FishMOT. Keywords: Behavior analysis, Fish behavior, Fish tracking, Multiple object tracking, Object detection.