bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insect immune priming: ecology and experimental evidences
Authors: CONTRERAS‐GARDUÑO JORGE , LANZ‐MENDOZA HUMBERTO , FRANCO BERNARDO , NAVA ADRIANA , PEDRAZA‐REYES MARIO , CANALES‐LAZCANO JORGE 
Published: April 2016

1. Immune priming refers to improved protection of the host after a second encounter with the same parasite or pathogen. This phenomenon is similar to that of adaptive immunity in vertebrates.2. There is evidence to suggest that this improved protection can be species/strain‐specific and can protect organisms for a lifetime. These two attributes, along with a biphasic immune response, are essential characteristics of immune priming and form the basis for the effectiveness of resistance to parasites and pathogens.3. This paper considers the effect of immune priming within and across generations, the influence of a heterologous challenge during immune priming and the importance of testing the immune response with natural pathogens.4. The analysis presented takes into account the multifaceted nature of the invertebrate immune response. The lack of evidence suggesting that the bacterial microbiome plays a complementary role in the immune priming outcome is discussed.5. Finally, the cost of immune priming is explored. This is a poorly investigated issue, which could help to explain why there is a paucity of evidence in support of immune priming.
Association of current employment status with oral health‐related behaviors: findings from the Finnish Health 2000 Survey
Authors: Al‐Sudani Fouad Y. H. , Vehkalahti Miira M. , Suominen Anna L. 
Published: April 2016

The aim of this study was to compare the oral health‐related behaviors of unemployed people with those of employed people and to assess whether they differ according to the length of unemployment. This study is part of the Health 2000 Survey in Finland. The cross‐sectional data were based on interviews and questionnaires. The present study comprised dentate participants, 30–63 yr of age (n = 4,670). Current employment status (employed vs. unemployed) and length of current unemployment (≤1, >1–2, >2–5, and >5 yr) were used as exposures. Binary logistic regression models were fitted separately for the oral health‐related behaviors, and latent class analysis (LCA) was used to form behavioral clusters. Current unemployment and being unemployed for longer than 5 yr were inversely associated with regular use of dental services. Current unemployment indicated non‐regular dental attendance, infrequent use of xylitol, daily smoking, and risky use of alcohol. Findings from the LCA supported the assumption that unemployed people could be considered as a risk group for poor oral health‐related behaviors.
Clinical Utility of the Mig‐SCog
Authors: Gil‐Gouveia Raquel , Oliveira António G. , Pavão Martins Isabel 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundMig‐SCog is a 9‐item questionnaire developed to quantify attack‐related cognitive complaints in migraine (M). The items relate to executive function and language, and the total Mig‐SCog score is the sum of those scales.ObjectiveTo evaluate the Mig‐SCog scores regarding cognitive symptoms during a variety of conditions.MethodsWe conducted a prospective comparative study of the Mig‐SCog scores (1) between migraine and tension‐type headache (TTH) patients during a headache; (2) in migraine patients between migraine attacks, non‐headache pain and pain‐free status; (3) in migraine patients during and outside a migraine attack.ResultsOne hundred forty‐nine patients (98 M and 51 TTHA). Total Mig‐SCog score was higher in migraine patients than TTH (8.0 ± 4.1 vs 3.4 ± 3.2, P < .0001). Sixty‐three patients took part in the next part of the study. Migraine patients rated the Mig‐SCog higher for migraine (7.9 ± 4.6) than for non‐headache pain (2.3 ± 2.9, P < .0006) or pain‐free (1.6 ± 2.4, P < .0006). In the final phase of the study, 38 patients Mig‐SCog scores were not significantly different whether obtained during or outside an M attack (P = .26).ConclusionsAttack‐related subjective cognitive symptoms, assessed by Mig‐SCog scores, differed between migraine and TTH patients. The Mig‐SCog scores from migraine patients were found to be higher during migraine than during non‐headache pain or pain‐free conditions. Patient scoring from memory for usual attacks was not significantly different to scoring within attacks, We believe this demonstrates negligible recall bias.
Empty Nest Couples: Lifestyles and Typology
Authors: da Silva Iara Silva , Slongo Luiz Antonio , Antunes Rohde Liliane 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLifestyle is a construct that makes it easier to understand consumers' behaviour, since it involves ways of life and results from past experiences, as well as from personal features based on current situations. It influences the consumption habits of individuals and their families. Accordingly, the aim of the current article is to analyze the lifestyle of individuals who belong to the empty nest couple group. The participants were Brazilian and chosen according to their activities, interests and opinions. Thus, we adopted the exploratory and descriptive design, and followed qualitative and quantitative aspects. According to the results, there are many lifestyles and they can be divided in three groups: the elitist, the politicized and the popular one. Elitists prioritize education and the consumption of cultural and organic products. The politicized group is aware of its political rights and duties. The popular group practices common habits such as playing soccer, watching TV shows and eating industrialized food.
Factors in the effective transfer of knowledge from multinational enterprises to their foreign subsidiaries: a Mozambican case study
Authors: Duarte Moleiro Martins José 
Published: April 2016

The purpose of this article is to better understand the role of internal stakeholders in subsidiaries of multinational companies (MNCs) in order to offer potential insights into the cross‐border transfer of knowledge from those companies’ headquarters to their subsidiaries. The focus is upon subsidiaries in developing countries, here Mozambique. More specifically, the article is concerned with identifying factors that influence the learning of internal stakeholders and noting practices which seem associated with a high level of absorptive capacity and performance of subsidiaries. The starting point is evidence of ineffective transfer of knowledge by MNCs to their subsidiaries in developing countries, with consequent sub‐standard performance. The research reported involves four case studies of Portuguese companies operating in Mozambique and draws on data from interviews with senior and middle managers in the firms’ Mozambican subsidiaries. The results obtained suggest that successful knowledge transfer to overseas subsidiaries is found under the following conditions. First, the parent company knows the local context and provides a flow of relevant information. Second, application of knowledge locally is done flexibly to suit local circumstances. Next, a participatory approach is used so that local staff can see why the knowledge conveyed is necessary. Fourth, explanation and demonstration are key techniques, with major roles for on‐the‐job training, continuous improvement and training at headquarters. Finally, issues arising from local culture may need to be addressed.
The Advantages of Parental Involvement in Cognitive‐Behavioral Treatment of Childhood Obsessive‐Compulsive Disorder: A Single‐Case Example
Authors: Oldham‐Cooper Rose , Glasman David , Loades Maria 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDInterventions for the treatment of anxiety disorders in children have a growing evidence base. Cognitive‐behavioral therapy for the treatment of specific anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, including obsessive‐compulsive disorder, is now an established intervention. However, a question remains concerning the benefits of parental involvement in treatment. Some studies report limited or no benefit of including parents in treatment, whereas other studies have indicated additional advantages of parental involvement.INTERVENTIONThe present case report describes the treatment of an 11‐year‐old girl with obsessive‐compulsive disorder using cognitive‐behavioral therapy derived largely from the treatment approaches outlined in Carr (2006), March and Mulle (1998), and Derisley, Heyman, Robinson, and Turner (2008). The child's mother attended all sessions and also a one‐off parent‐only session toward the end of treatment. The report considers the benefits of involving the child's mother in treatment and possible factors that could suggest parental involvement is indicated in future cases.OUTCOMESBoth child and mother, and the therapist, believed that parental involvement had been an important and useful element of treatment. Possible reasons for benefits of parental involvement were considered to be high parental anxiety at the outset of treatment, age of the client, and involvement of the parent in obsessions and compulsions.
Small‐Caliber Lead Failure After Generator Exchange
Authors: SALGADO RICARDO , MARTÍN JAVIER , MARTÍNEZ JOSÉ , ALZUETA JAVIER , VIÑOLAS XAVIER , FERNÁNDEZ JOAQUÍN , MOLINA MANUEL , PÉREZ LUISA , CALVO DAVID , GARCÍA JAVIER 
Published: April 2016

Small‐Caliber Lead Failure After Generator ExchangeIntroduction and ObjectivesThe Sprint Fidelis defibrillator lead (Medtronic) was recalled in 2007 due to an increased risk of failure. The generator exchange (GE) procedure has been associated with the development of Fidelis lead dysfunction. The aim of this study was to compare the rate of dysfunction between Sprint Fidelis and other defibrillator leads during the first year after GE.MethodsA multicenter retrospective study involving patients from the UMBRELLA database who underwent GE with previous normal lead function and minimum follow‐up of 1 year after the procedure was performed. The incidence of lead dysfunction was determined via remote monitoring and defined as pacing impedance > 1,500 ohm, high‐voltage impedance > 100 ohm, R wave sensing under 2 mV, or the presence of VT/VF episodes classified as noise.ResultsA total of 531 patients were included (114 Fidelis). In the first year after GE, the total incidence of lead dysfunction was 3.6%. No significant differences were found between Fidelis and the others in survival analysis (3.5% vs. 3.6%, respectively, log‐rank 0.002, P = 0.962).ConclusionsAccording to our results, the preventive removal/replacement of the Sprint Fidelis leads with normal function until GE is not a recommended practice since the rate of dysfunction after the procedure in this subgroup is no different compared with other defibrillator leads.
Commentary: Prospective trajectory research in adolescent suicidal behaviour – a possible basis for the development of empirically based interventions? A reflection on Adrian et al. (2016)
Authors: Apter Alan 
Published: April 2016

Suicidal behaviour in adolescence is a heterogeneous set of behaviours comprising a variety of behaviours ranging from suicidal ideation, suicidal threats, suicidal gestures, nonsuicidal self‐injurious behaviour through medically nonserious to medically serious suicide attempts. Probably the most productive approach to this problem is a developmental one, taking one key concept and tracking it prospectively over the course of time through the developmental stages of adolescence. A natural starting point for such a study is that of suicidal ideation (SI). Thus, the article published in JCPP (Adrian et al. 2015) represents a major contribution to the field. The authors used the data from an important adolescent development study, the Developmental Pathways Project (DPP) to look at this problem. This editorial looks at this article in the context of other major studies in the field. The notion of discerning trajectories and following them up prospectively is a potentially major contribution to paediatric suicide research. Although obviously challenging, linking these trajectories to interventions and to suicide registers could lead to major breakthroughs in adolescent suicide prevention.
Use of machine learning to improve autism screening and diagnostic instruments: effectiveness, efficiency, and multi‐instrument fusion
Authors: Bone Daniel , Bishop Somer L. , Black Matthew P. , Goodwin Matthew S. , Lord Catherine , Narayanan Shrikanth S. 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundMachine learning (ML) provides novel opportunities for human behavior research and clinical translation, yet its application can have noted pitfalls (Bone et al., 2015). In this work, we fastidiously utilize ML to derive autism spectrum disorder (ASD) instrument algorithms in an attempt to improve upon widely used ASD screening and diagnostic tools.MethodsThe data consisted of Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised (ADI‐R) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores for 1,264 verbal individuals with ASD and 462 verbal individuals with non‐ASD developmental or psychiatric disorders, split at age 10. Algorithms were created via a robust ML classifier, support vector machine, while targeting best‐estimate clinical diagnosis of ASD versus non‐ASD. Parameter settings were tuned in multiple levels of cross‐validation.ResultsThe created algorithms were more effective (higher performing) than the current algorithms, were tunable (sensitivity and specificity can be differentially weighted), and were more efficient (achieving near‐peak performance with five or fewer codes). Results from ML‐based fusion of ADI‐R and SRS are reported. We present a screener algorithm for below (above) age 10 that reached 89.2% (86.7%) sensitivity and 59.0% (53.4%) specificity with only five behavioral codes.ConclusionsML is useful for creating robust, customizable instrument algorithms. In a unique dataset comprised of controls with other difficulties, our findings highlight the limitations of current caregiver‐report instruments and indicate possible avenues for improving ASD screening and diagnostic tools.
Incretin‐based drugs for type 2 diabetes: Focus on East Asian perspectives
Authors: Seino Yutaka , Kuwata Hitoshi , Yabe Daisuke 
Published: April 2016

AbstractType 2 diabetes in East Asians is characterized primarily by β‐cell dysfunction, and with less adiposity and less insulin resistance compared with that in Caucasians. Such pathophysiological differences can determine the appropriate therapeutics for the disease. Incretins, glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and glucagon‐like peptide‐1, are secreted in response to meal ingestion, and enhance insulin secretion glucose‐dependently. Incretin‐based drugs, dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (DPP‐4i) and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists, that ameliorate β‐cell dysfunction with limited hypoglycemia risk are now widely used in type 2 diabetes management. Recent meta‐analyses of clinical trials on DPP‐4i and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists found that the drugs were more effective in Asians, most likely because of amelioration of β‐cell dysfunction. In addition, we found increased glycated hemoglobin‐lowering effects of DPP‐4i to be associated with intake of fish in type 2 diabetes, which suggests that dietary customs of East Asians might also underlie the greater efficacy of DPP‐4i. Despite the limited risk, cases of severe hypoglycemia were reported for DPP‐4i/sulfonylureas combinations. Importantly, hypoglycemia was more frequent in patients also receiving glibenclamide or glimepiride, which activate exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate 2, a critical mediator of incretin signaling, and was less frequent in patients receiving gliclazide, which does not activate exchange protein directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate 2. Prevention of insulin‐associated hypoglycemia by DPP‐4i has gained attention with regard to the enhancement of hypoglycemia‐induced glucagon secretion by insulinotropic polypeptide, but remains to be investigated in East Asians. Despite the safety issues, which are paramount and must be carefully monitored, the incretin‐based drugs could have potential as a first choice therapy in East Asian type 2 diabetes patients.
Genetics in Parkinson disease: Mendelian versus non‐Mendelian inheritance
Authors: Hernandez Dena G. , Reed Xylena , Singleton Andrew B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractParkinson's disease is a common, progressive neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 3% of those older than 75 years of age. Clinically, Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with resting tremor, postural instability, rigidity, bradykinesia, and a good response to levodopa therapy. Over the last 15 years, numerous studies have confirmed that genetic factors contribute to the complex pathogenesis of PD. Highly penetrant mutations producing rare, monogenic forms of the disease have been discovered in singular genes such as SNCA, Parkin, DJ‐1, PINK 1, LRRK2, and VPS35. Unique variants with incomplete penetrance in LRRK2 and GBA have been shown to be strong risk factors for PD in certain populations. Additionally, over 20 common variants with small effect sizes are now recognized to modulate the risk for PD. Investigating Mendelian forms of PD has provided precious insight into the pathophysiology that underlies the more common idiopathic form of disease; however, no treatment methodologies have developed. Furthermore, for identified common risk alleles, the functional basis underlying risk principally remains unknown. The challenge over the next decade will be to strengthen the findings delivered through genetic discovery by assessing the direct, biological consequences of risk variants in tandem with additional high‐content, integrated datasets.
imageThis review discusses monogenic risk factors and mechanisms of Mendelian inheritance of Parkinson disease. Highly penetrant mutations in SNCA, Parkin, DJ‐1, PINK 1, LRRK2 and VPS35 produce rare, monogenic forms of the disease, while unique variants within LRRK2 and GBA show incomplete penetrance and are strong risk factors for PD. Additionally, over 20 common variants with small effect sizes modulate disease risk. The challenge over the next decade is to strengthen genetic findings by assessing direct, biological consequences of risk variants in tandem with high‐content, integrated datasets.This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.
The physical health of people with schizophrenia in Asia: Baseline findings from a physical health check programme
Authors: Thongsai S. , Gray R. , Bressington D. 
Published: April 2016

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

Physical health problems, especially cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders are far more common in people with severe mental illness (SMI) than the general population.

While there are a considerable number of studies that have examined the physical health and health behaviours of people with SMI in Western countries, there have been few studies that have done this in Asia.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Unhealthy body mass index (BMI) values were observed in 44% of Thai service users diagnosed with schizophrenia despite desirable levels of exercise and relatively good diets being reported by the majority of participants.

Being prescribed two or more antipsychotics was significantly associated with greater body weight and a higher BMI than in people prescribed only one antipsychotic.

What are the implications for practice?

Mental health professionals in Asia should be particularly aware of the additional risks of obesity that seem to be associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy when they are promoting the physical health of people with schizophrenia.

AbstractIntroductionPeople with schizophrenia have worse physical health than the general population, and studies in developed countries demonstrate that their health behaviours are often undesirable. However, as no similar studies have been conducted in Asian countries with emerging healthcare systems, the physical health promotion challenges in these settings is unknown.AimTo identify and explore relationships between cardiometabolic health risks, lifestyle and treatment characteristics in people with schizophrenia in Thailand.MethodThis cross‐sectional study reports the baseline findings from a physical health check programme using the Thai version of the Health Improvement Profile.ResultsDespite desirable levels of exercise and relatively good diets being reported by most of the 105 service users, unhealthy body mass index values were observed in 44% of participants. A BMI>23 kg/m² and central obesity was found to be most likely in women. Being prescribed antipsychotic polypharmacy was significantly associated with a higher BMI than in people prescribed monotherapy.Implications for PracticeMental health professionals in Asia should be aware of the additional risks of obesity that are associated with antipsychotic polypharmacy and may benefit from additional training in order that they may advocate for service users within medication reviews to minimize the potential iatrogenic effects of treatment.
Christian Science and American Literary History
Authors: Squires L. Ashley 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe religious turn in American literary studies has produced new interest in religious movements from the turn of the 20th century, and due to the opening of archives, Christian Science is one possible direction that research in this area might turn. Yet until very recently, literary scholarship related to Christian Science has been extremely flawed, due mostly to over‐reliance on a few problematic sources. This article offers an overview of the issues that have impacted that research while suggesting that promising work is beginning to emerge.
Barthes for Barthes' Sake? Victorian Literature and Photography beyond Poststructuralism
Authors: Clayton Owen 
Published: April 2016

AbstractScholars of nineteenth‐century literature have been inspired by the multiplicity of connections that existed between writing and early photography. Critics have often argued that writers in Britain, America and elsewhere understood photography to be a profoundly realist practice, and as such that it stood as an analogue of literary realism. As this article demonstrates, such arguments have been enormously influenced by the Art History narrative of photography, as well as late twentieth‐century poststructuralism. Roland Barthes' Camera Lucida has been particularly prominent. Yet though it has much to say about the phenomenology of posing, as well as the affective quality of images, Barthes' ‘modest book’ makes assumptions that have been problematized in subsequent photographic scholarship. These assumptions, which include indexicality and medium specificity, support an ideology of photographic realism. This ideology has dominated comparative studies of Victorian literature and early photography, including work on Thomas Hardy and Henry James. One result has been for literary critics to overlook the nuances of particular technologies, such as the daguerreotype, and to treat nineteenth‐century photography as if it were a single medium. Another has been a privileging of modernism. This last result has been concomitant with a tendency for literary scholars to view photography solely as art. Important recent work in the history of photography has challenged the Art History narrative, but this has been slow to filter through to literary studies. This article will conclude by noting encouraging signs that this situation seems to be changing.