bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of suitable reference genes during the formation of chlamydospores in Clonostachys rosea 67‐1
Authors: Zhang Jun , Sun Zhanbin , Li Shidong , Sun Manhong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractClonostachys rosea is a potential biocontrol fungus that can produce highly resistant chlamydospores under specific conditions. To investigate the genes related to chlamydospore formation, we identified reliable reference genes for quantification of gene expression in C. rosea 67‐1 during sporulation. In this study, nine reference genes, actin (ACT), elongation factor 1 (EF1), glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), histone (HIS), RNA polymerase II CTD phosphatase Fcp1 (RPP), succinate‐semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSD), TATA‐binding protein (TBP), ubiquitin (UBQ), and ubiquitin‐conjugating enzyme (UCE), were selected and cloned from 67‐1, and their expression stability during chlamydospore formation was determined using reverse transcription quantitative PCR and assessed using the software geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. The Ct values of the candidates ranged from 19.9 to 29.7, among which HIS, ACT and SSD exhibited high expression levels. The statistical analysis showed that ACT and SSD were most stably expressed, while UBQ and GAPDH showed relatively large variations under different culture conditions. Calculation of pairwise variation value indicated that two reference genes were required for precise quantification. Finally, ACT and SSD were selected to normalize gene expression during chlamydospore production in C. rosea 67‐1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of SSD as a reference gene. This study will facilitate the accurate quantification of differentially expressed genes during the generation of chlamydospores and contribute to the investigation of the molecular mechanism underlying chlamydospore formation in C. rosea.
Global brain metabolic quantification with whole‐head proton MRS at 3 T
Authors: Kirov Ivan I. , Wu William E. , Soher Brian J. , Davitz Matthew S. , Huang Jeffrey H. , Babb James S. , Lazar Mariana , Fatterpekar Girish , Gonen Oded 
Published: July 2017

Total N‐acetyl‐aspartate + N‐acetyl‐aspartate–glutamate (NAA), total creatine (Cr) and total choline (Cho) proton MRS (1H–MRS) signals are often used as surrogate markers in diffuse neurological pathologies, but spatial coverage of this methodology is limited to 1%–65% of the brain. Here we wish to demonstrate that non‐localized, whole‐head (WH) 1H–MRS captures just the brain's contribution to the Cho and Cr signals, ignoring all other compartments. Towards this end, 27 young healthy adults (18 men, 9 women), 29.9 ± 8.5 years old, were recruited and underwent T1‐weighted MRI for tissue segmentation, non‐localizing, approximately 3 min WH 1H–MRS (TE/TR/TI = 5/10/940 ms) and 30 min 1H–MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) (TE/TR = 35/2100 ms) in a 360 cm3 volume of interest (VOI) at the brain's center. The VOI absolute NAA, Cr and Cho concentrations, 7.7 ± 0.5, 5.5 ± 0.4 and 1.3 ± 0.2 mM, were all within 10% of the WH: 8.6 ± 1.1, 6.0 ± 1.0 and 1.3 ± 0.2 mM. The mean NAA/Cr and NAA/Cho ratios in the WH were only slightly higher than the “brain‐only” VOI: 1.5 versus 1.4 (7%) and 6.6 versus 5.9 (11%); Cho/Cr were not different. The brain/WH volume ratio was 0.31 ± 0.03 (brain ≈ 30% of WH volume). Air‐tissue susceptibility‐driven local magnetic field changes going from the brain outwards showed sharp gradients of more than 100 Hz/cm (1 ppm/cm), explaining the skull's Cr and Cho signal losses through resonance shifts, line broadening and destructive interference. The similarity of non‐localized WH and localized VOI NAA, Cr and Cho concentrations and their ratios suggests that their signals originate predominantly from the brain. Therefore, the fast, comprehensive WH‐1H‐MRS method may facilitate quantification of these metabolites, which are common surrogate markers in neurological disorders.
Socially Embedded Anti‐Corruption Governance: Evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: Gong Ting , Xiao Hanyu 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIn this study, we seek to identify and explain what factors influence citizens' propensity to confront corruption by reporting suspected corruption cases. From a macro–micro interactive perspective, which we term ‘socially embedded anti‐corruption governance’, we make two propositions focusing on intrinsic and extrinsic factors, respectively. We believe, first, that citizens' response to suspected corrupt behaviour is a good indicator of the level of their tolerance for corruption. If corruption is unacceptable to citizens, they would be more likely to report suspected corruption cases. However, a low level of tolerance of corruption alone does not necessarily explain why people report corruption. We further argue that people's willingness to confront corruption is also affected by the extent to which they are satisfied with and have confidence in the government's anti‐corruption endeavours. Drawing on data collected from an original survey of 1025 local residents in Hong Kong, we test the two hypotheses. Our findings confirm that the propensity to report suspected corruption results from both a low level of tolerance towards corruption and the positive perception of the quality of anti‐corruption governance. The implications of our findings for other regions, especially Mainland China, are explored. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Challenges of measuring accurate estradiol levels in aromatase inhibitor‐treated postmenopausal breast cancer patients on vaginal estrogen therapy
Authors: Niravath Polly , Bhat Raksha , Al‐Ameri Mohamed , AlRawi Ahmed , Foreman Claudette , Trivedi Meghana V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBreast cancer patients who are taking adjuvant Aromatase Inhibitor (AI) therapy typically have extremely low estradiol levels, which are undetectable by routine clinical laboratories. Thus, it becomes difficult to assess the safety of interventions such as low‐dose vaginal estrogen, which may increase estradiol levels. In this study, we aimed to assess the utility of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure low estradiol concentrations in breast cancer survivors on AI therapy treated with either vaginal estrogen or lubricant for atrophic vaginitis as a part of clinical trial. The samples were tested using two independent ELISA kits. Some of the samples were also evaluated using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) for comparison. We found that while the results by ELISA were reproducible, they were not accurate when compared to LC‐MS/MS. It is possible that medications or supplements may cross‐react with the ELISA reagents and confound the assessment; however, those were often not the reason for the discrepancy. Our results highlight the need for developing novel, reliable, and clinically accessible assays to measure ultra‐low estradiol levels to improve care of breast cancer survivors. At this stage, based on our findings, we recommend using MS‐based assays for estradiol quantitation for breast cancer survivors, whenever necessary.
Optimal lateral aseismic performance analysis of mega‐substructure system with modularized secondary structures
Authors: Ye Zhihang , Wu Gang 
Published: July 2017

SummaryA major type of mega‐substructure system is yet to fulfill its full potential of vibration control because of the fragility originating from excessive inter‐story drift of its secondary structures during earthquake. We propose an innovative subtype of mega‐substructure system to overcome this fragility and further improve its lateral aseismic performance. This subtype takes advantage of modular construction techniques. The secondary structures, which consist of suspended discrete modules, provide protection to nonstructural members against excessive inter‐story drift. Additionally, springs that provide inter‐story stiffness remain elastic. These effects extend the inter‐story drift limit of secondary structure and make sufficient relative motion possible. We carried out single‐objective and dual‐objective optimizations to derive optimum parameters and capture the potentials of representative models. Mean square responses under power spectral density functions of ground acceleration were set as optimization objectives. It is shown that the proposed systems further suppress the response of primary structure at the expense of additional response of secondary structure, which can be accommodated by the aforementioned protection effect. Mechanisms are revealed in the perspective of transfer function curves. Robustness and time history performances are also verified.
Entity disambiguation with decomposable neural networks
Authors: Sun Yaming , Ji Zhenzhou , Lin Lei , Tang Duyu , Wang Xiaolong 
Published: July 2017

Entity disambiguation is a fundamental task in natural language processing and computational linguistics. Given a query consisting of a mention (name string) and a background document, entity disambiguation aims at linking the mention to an entity from a reference knowledge base such as Wikipedia. A main challenge of this task is how to effectively represent the meaning of the mention and the entity, based on which the semantic relatedness between the mention and the entity could be conveniently measured. Towards this goal, we introduce computational models to effectively represent the mention and the entity in some vector space. We decompose the problem into subproblems and develop various neural network architectures, all of which are purely data‐driven and capable of learning continuous representations of the mention and the entity from data. To effectively train the neural network models, we explore a simple yet effective way that enables us to collect millions of training examples from Wikipedia without using any manual annotation. Empirical results on two benchmark datasets show that our approaches based on convolutional neural network and long short‐term memory consistently outperform top‐performed systems on both datasets. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2017, 7:e1215. doi: 10.1002/widm.1215This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Text Mining
Algorithmic Development > Web Mining
The value of postmortem computed tomography in paediatric natural cause of death: a Dutch observational study
Authors:   on behalf of the Dutch NODO Group, van Rijn Rick R. , Beek Erik J. , van de Putte Elise M. , Teeuw Arianne H. , Nikkels Peter G. J. , Duijst Wilma L. J. M. , Nievelstein Rutger-Jan A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Postmortem CT is a relatively new field of interest within paediatric radiology. This paper focusses on its value in cases of unexpected natural death.

Objective
We report on an observational Dutch study regarding the value of postmortem CT in children with an assumed natural unexpected death because postmortem CT is part of the Dutch NODO (additional investigations of cause of death) procedure.

Materials and methods
We included consecutive children who fulfilled criteria for the NODO procedure and were therefore referred to one of the centres for the procedure. Postmortem CT was performed in all cases and skeletal survey was performed in all children ages <5 years. The cause of death was defined in a consensus meeting.

Results
We included a total of 54 children (30 boys, median age 1.1 years, and 24 girls, median age 0.8 years). A definitive cause of death was established in 38 cases. In 7 cases the cause of death could be identified on postmortem CT. In 7 cases imaging findings were clinically relevant but did not lead to a cause of death. In the remaining 40 cases postmortem CT did not add to the diagnostic workup.

Conclusion
Our study shows that in a group of children who unexpectedly died of an assumed natural cause of death and in whom a cause of death was found at autopsy, postmortem CT detected the cause of death in a minority of cases (12.9%). In the majority of cases (74.1%) postmortem CT did not add value in diagnosing the cause of death.
Epidemiology of Traumatic Injuries at an Urban Hospital in Port‐au‐Prince, Haiti
Authors: Zuraik Christopher , Sampalis John 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic injuries represent a major burden of disease worldwide. Haiti lacks statistics on the epidemiology of traumatic injuries, as there is no formal injury surveillance program. This study will assess the burden of traumatic injuries in an urban trauma center in the capital city of Port‐au‐Prince, Haiti.MethodsA retrospective, cross‐sectional chart review study at an urban trauma hospital was carried out for the period December 1, 2015, to January 31, 2016. Data were obtained through the hospital’s main patient logbook, medical charts, and trauma registry forms. Data on medical documentation, demographics, and injury characteristics were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsA total of 410 patients were evaluated for treatment of traumatic injuries during the 2‐month study. The mean age in years was 30, with 66.3% male and 78.4% less than 41 years of age. There were 6.6 injuries per day and no correlation between frequency of injury and day of the week. Road traffic accidents accounted for 43.0% of trauma modes. The mean and median length of stay were 6.6 and 3.0 days. 9.0% of patients suffered severe trauma (ISS ≥ 16). 21.0% of patients with traumatic brain injury suffered severe head injuries. Extremity trauma was the most frequently injured anatomical region (50.0%). 22.7% of patients were admitted, and 15.1% patients underwent at least one surgical procedure.ConclusionsRoad traffic accidents are the primary reason for injury; thus, prevention initiatives and improved trauma care may provide substantial public health benefits.
Simultaneous production of intracellular triacylglycerols and extracellular polyol esters of fatty acids by Rhodotorula babjevae and Rhodotorula aff. paludigena
Authors: Garay Luis A , Sitepu Irnayuli R , Cajka Tomas , Cathcart Erin , Fiehn Oliver , German J Bruce , Block David E , Boundy-Mills Kyria L 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Microbial oils have been analyzed as alternatives to petroleum. However, just a handful of microbes have been successfully adapted to produce chemicals that can compete with their petroleum counterparts. One of the reasons behind the low success rate is the overall economic inefficiency of valorizing a single product. This study presents a lab-scale analysis of two yeast species that simultaneously produce multiple high-value bioproducts: intracellular triacylglycerols (TG) and extracellular polyol esters of fatty acids (PEFA), two lipid classes with immediate applications in the biofuels and surfactant industries. At harvest, the yeast strain Rhodotorula aff. paludigena UCDFST 81-84 secreted 20.9 ± 0.2 g L−1 PEFA and produced 8.8 ± 1.0 g L−1 TG, while the yeast strain Rhodotorula babjevae UCDFST 04-877 secreted 11.2 ± 1.6 g L−1 PEFA and 18.5 ± 1.7 g L−1 TG. The overall glucose conversion was 0.24 and 0.22 g(total lipid) g(glucose) −1, respectively. The results present a stable and scalable microbial growth platform yielding multiple co-products.
A macroecological perspective for phenological research under climate change
Authors: Doi Hideyuki , Gordo Oscar , Mori Terutaka , Kubo Mayumi T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLife cycles of animals and plants worldwide are shifting in response to recent climate change. Macroecology, which deals with biological patterns and processes at a large scale, is ideally suited to address this global phenomenon, thus providing a more general and generalizable understanding of the impacts of climate change on ecosystems. To date, a macroecological approach to examining phenological changes based on historical ground observations remains mostly unexplored, as the phenological studies have been conducted at local scales, while the recent new technologies, e.g., remote sensing, can extend phenological study to global scales. Because phenology is probably the most widely used bioindicator of climate change, thus allowing for studies at the macroscale. Some meta‐analyses have indeed employed broad‐scale, long‐term datasets to estimate overall shift rates in the timing of plant and animal phenological events. However, none has provided a convincing macroecological view of current phenological shifts, and few attempts have been made to make global‐scale predictions of phenological responses under future climatic scenarios. Understanding spatial variability and clines may be essential for comprehending phenological variations stemming from future climate change. Here, we discuss how ecological mechanisms discovered in macroecology may provide new insights for understanding spatial variation of sensitivity of phenology to climate change.
A Polyakov Formula for Sectors
Authors: Aldana Clara L. , Rowlett Julie 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We consider finite area convex Euclidean circular sectors. We prove a variational Polyakov formula which shows how the zeta-regularized determinant of the Laplacian varies with respect to the opening angle. Varying the angle corresponds to a conformal deformation in the direction of a conformal factor with a logarithmic singularity at the origin. We compute explicitly all the contributions to this formula coming from the different parts of the sector. In the process, we obtain an explicit expression for the heat kernel on an infinite area sector using Carslaw–Sommerfeld’s heat kernel. We also compute the zeta-regularized determinant of rectangular domains of unit area and prove that it is uniquely maximized by the square.
A comparative meta-analysis of neurocognition in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
Authors: Bora E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjective:Cognitive impairment is a familial and heritable aspect of major psychoses and might be a shared vulnerability marker for schizophrenia and BP. However, it is not clear whether some aspects of cognitive deficits are uniquely associated with risk for specific diagnoses.Methods:A novel meta-analysis of cognitive functions in first-degree relatives of probands with bipolar disorder (BP-Rel) and schizophrenia (Sch-Rel) was conducted. Current meta-analysis included 20 studies and compared cognitive functions of 1341 Sch-Rel, 939 BP-Rel and 1427 healthy controls.Results:Sch-Rel was associated with cognitive deficits in all domains (d = 0.20–0.58) and BP-Rel underperformed healthy controls in processing speed, verbal fluency and speed based executive function tests (d = 0.33–0.41). Sch-Rel underperformed BP-Rel in general intellectual ability, working memory, verbal memory, planning, processing speed and fluency (d = 0.24–0.42).Conclusions:Inefficiency in processing information and impaired processing speed might be common vulnerability factors for major psychoses. On the other hand, low performance in accuracy based tasks and deficits in general intellectual ability, verbal learning, planning and working memory might be more specifically associated with risk for schizophrenia.
The association of genetic polymorphisms of hypoxia inducible factor‐1 alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor with increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case–control study
Authors: Yu Zhen‐Gang , Wang Bing‐Zhe , Cheng Zhao‐Zhong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAccumulated data over the years have suggested that hypoxia inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1α) and its downstream vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene may be linked with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aims to investigate the association of HIF‐1α and VEGF genetic polymorphisms and their correlated risks with COPD. COPD patients (case group) and healthy individuals (control group) were recruited. DNA was extracted to detect HIF‐1α and VEGF genetic polymorphisms. Basal lung volume and forced expiratory capacity in 1st second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/predicted value (pred)% were calculated. Genotype and allele distributions in HIF‐1α and VEGF genes were analyzed. Kaplan–Meier curves and logistic regression model were used for analysis of survival and COPD risk factors. Haplotypes for HIF‐1α rs11549465 and rs11549467 were analyzed. FEV1/FVC and FEV1/pred% in the case group were lower than the control group. Frequencies of HIF‐1α rs11549465 CT + TT genotype and T allele, and rs11549467 GA + AA genotype and A allele were higher in the case group than the control group. Patients with rs11549465 CT + TT had higher COPD risk than those with the CC genotype. Patients with rs11549467 GA + AA showed higher COPD risk and lower FEV1/FVC and FEV1/pred% than those with the GG genotype. Patients with HIF‐1α TA haplotype showed higher COPD risk than those with the CG haplotype. Survival rate of patients with HIF‐1α rs11549467 GG genotype was higher than those with the GA + AA genotype. HIF‐1α rs11549467 polymorphism may be associated with COPD risk.
From Post-Global to Post-Truth: African Literature beyond Commonsense
Authors: Adesanmi Pius 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article discusses Tejumola Olaniyan’s submissions in his essay “African Literature in the Post-Global Age: Provocations on Field Commonsense” by problematizing some of his submissions on the temporalities, especially the global and the post-global, that have inflected the field of African literary discourse since the second half of the twentieth century. In doing this, the essay queries the idea that the category of the nation-state has been exhausted or overwhelmed by the global and the post-global. The essay suggests instead that the nation-state has been retooled and rearmed by a nascent temporality, the post-truth, in ways that have significant consequences for African literatures.
D’ un usage particuliar du genre en canadien-français: la féminisation des noms à initiale vocalique
Authors: Barbaud Ph. , Ducharme Ch. , Valois D. 
Published: July 2017

Le présent article poursuit deux objectifs principaux. Le premier consiste à établir la base empirique d’un usage particulier du genre en français parlé du Canada (FC) à savoir la féminisation des noms qui commencent par une voyelle. Le second fait état des résultats d’une recherche sociolinguistique menée sur corpus et portant sur la relation qui existe entre cet usage linguistique et la stratification sociale des locuteurs canadiens-français.0.1. Illustration du phénomène. Une observation empirique même sommaire de la façon dont les Canadiens français font usage du genre grammatical à l’oral amène à constater une tendance à la féminisation qui affecte généralement les noms à initiale vocalique (en abrégé les NIV). La même tendance ne semble pas se retrouver parmi les substantifs qui commencent par une consonne. C’est du moins la conclusion que l’on peut dégager de la recherche accomplie il y a quelques années par Tucker, Lambert & Rigault (1977). II s’ensuit que le genre s’y distribue de façon aléatoire (mais voir plus loin, section 2.6).
Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland: prognostic factors
Authors: Coombs A C , Butler A , Allison R 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground:Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma is the most common parotid malignancy in Australasia. Prognostic indicators are not clearly defined and the extent of surgical resection required is controversial.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of 63 patients who underwent surgery for metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland at a tertiary hospital over a 10-year period.Results:The five-year overall survival rate was 53 per cent, the disease-specific survival rate was 78 per cent and the locoregional control rate was 72 per cent. Immunosuppression and no adjuvant radiotherapy were associated with a significant reduction in disease-specific survival. None of the factors analysed had a significant effect on locoregional control rates.Conclusion:More extensive surgery, including lateral temporal bone resection, may improve local control rates in cases of more advanced disease. The reduced survival of immunocompromised patients must be considered when planning their management.