bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shorting the metaphorical circuit: vascular partitioning and stomatal patchiness can create apparent unsaturation and CO2 gradient inversion in the Ohmic analogy for leaf gas exchange
Authors: Rockwell Fulton E. 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Analyses of leaf gas exchange rely on an Ohmic analogy that arrays single stomatal, internal air space, and mesophyll conductances in series. Such models underlie inferences of mesophyll conductance and the relative humidity of leaf airspaces, reported to fall as low as 80%. An unresolved question is whether such series models are biased with respect to real leaves, whose internal air spaces are chambered at various scales by vasculature.

To test whether unsaturation could emerge from modeling artifacts, we compared series model estimates with true parameter values for a chambered leaf with varying distributions and magnitudes of leaf surface conductance (‘patchiness’).

Distributions of surface conductance can create large biases in gas exchange calculations. Both apparent unsaturation and internal CO2 gradient inversion can be produced by the evolution of broader distributions of stomatal apertures consistent with a decrease in surface conductance, as might occur under increasing vapor pressure deficit.

In gas exchange experiments, the behaviors of derived quantities defined by simple series models are highly sensitive to the true partitioning of flux and stomatal apertures across leaf surfaces. New methods are needed to disentangle model artifacts from real biological responses.
Self‐concept clarity and the evaluation and selection of incompatible dating partners
Authors: Kredl Katya F. , Kubin Dita , Lydon John E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRomantic compatibility is theorized to play a crucial role in the success and stability of romantic relationships, although evidence to date has been somewhat indirect. Previous experimental findings suggest that those lower, relative to higher, in self‐concept clarity find it more challenging to evaluate similarity (i.e., a contributor to compatibility) in prospective romantic partners. The current research extends these findings by directly examining self‐concept clarity and romantic partner (in)compatibility in real‐world experiences. Across two retrospective studies (N = 340), we found that those lower, relative to higher, in self‐concept clarity dated incompatible others more frequently, experienced greater difficulty judging compatibility, and were less decisive in their dating decisions. They also experienced greater dating‐related negative affect but did not report lower satisfaction in past dating. Exploratory mediation analyses further suggest that such individuals experienced greater dating‐related negative affect through dating incompatible others more often. Specifically, they were more likely to date incompatible others if they found it harder to judge compatibility and were less decisive in dating. These results suggest that individuals with a confused personal identity (i.e., low in self‐concept clarity) may find it more challenging to evaluate potential dating partners, leading them to rule out incompatible ones less often.
Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Due to Differentially Heated Walls of Horizontal Channel Filled With Porous Medium
Authors: Chandra Harish 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper reports the fully developed flow and heat transfer in the horizontal channel filled with fluid saturated porous medium. The flow is derived from the combined impact of external pressure gradient and thermal diffusion buoyancy force. The Brinkmann-extended Darcy model describes the behavior of the two-dimensional flow governing equations. The coupled governing equations are solved numerically using the alternate direction implicit (ADI) method. The influence of physical parameters, Reynolds number (Re), Darcy number (Da), and Grashof number (Gr), on the dynamics of flow and heat transfer mechanism is investigated. From our numerical investigation, it is found that the flow structure is either uniform or recirculation and depends on Da, Gr, as well as Re. For Re = 10, the flow structure is multicellular and flow oscillation, whereas for Re = 100 the flow structure is unicellular. The size and position of flow circulation are changed significantly for relatively large media permeability. For Ri≥10, the linear contours in the profile of temperature distribution are found via convection as well as conduction mode, whereas curvature contours in the same are found via convection mode only which is the consequence of natural convection dominant. For Ri = 1, the curvature contour in the profile of temperature distribution is found by mixed convection only.
Is It Possible to Improve Performance in Competition After an Adductor Longus Injury in Professional Football Players?
Authors: Estévez-Rodríguez José Luis , Rivilla-García Jesús , Jiménez-Rubio Sergio 
Published: September 2024

Context: Adductor longus muscle strains are one of the most common injuries occurring in intermittent sports such as soccer. Objective: The purpose of this study was to know the effect of a specific rehabilitation and reconditioning program, which was previously validated, after adductor longus injury in professional soccer players. Methods: A specific rehabilitation and reconditioning program was applied to 11 injured male professional soccer players. Participants: Eleven male professional soccer players (age = 29.18 [4.45] y; height = 179.64 [4.97] cm; mass = 75.33 [3.84] kg). Interventions: In the first place, the days taken to return to full team training and to return to competition (RTP) was analyzed; second, the most important performance parameters were analyzed and compared in the preinjury match (PRE) and after the return to competition at 2 different points in time (RTP1–RTP2). Results: The return to full team training recorded was 11.91 (1.92) days and the RTP was 15.36 (3.04) days. Match performance parameters showed significant improvements after injury. Significant improvements were observed during RTP2, in the variables of high-speed running (P = .002), very high-speed running (P = .006), acceleration (>3 m/s2; P = .048), and high metabolic load distance (P = .009). Conclusion: The results allow us to conclude that this program was very effective, as it allowed the players to obtain similar and/or higher performance values in a reduced period of time after the injury.
Bystander monocytic cells drive infection-independent NLRP3 inflammasome response to SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hsieh Leon L. , Looney Monika , Figueroa Alexis , Massaccesi Guido , Stavrakis Georgia , Anaya Eduardo U. , D'Alessio Franco R. , Ordonez Alvaro A. , Pekosz Andrew S. , DeFilippis Victor R. , Karakousis Petros C. , Karaba Andrew H. , Cox Andrea L. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The pathogenesis of COVID-19 is associated with a hyperinflammatory immune response. Monocytes and macrophages play a central role in this hyperinflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2. NLRP3 inflammasome activation has been observed in monocytes of patients with COVID-19, but the mechanism and consequences of inflammasome activation require further investigation. In this study, we inoculated a macrophage-like THP-1 cell line, primary differentiated human nasal epithelial cell (hNEC) cultures, and primary monocytes with SARS-CoV-2. We found that the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages does not rely on viral replication, receptor-mediated entry, or actin-dependent entry. SARS-CoV-2 productively infected hNEC cultures without triggering the production of inflammasome cytokines IL-18 and IL-1β. Importantly, these cytokines did not inhibit viral replication in hNEC cultures. SARS-CoV-2 inoculation of primary monocytes led to inflammasome activation and induced a macrophage phenotype in these cells. Monocytic cells from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, but not from peripheral blood, of patients with COVID-19, showed evidence of inflammasome activation, expressed the proinflammatory marker CD11b, and displayed oxidative burst. These findings highlight the central role of activated macrophages, as a result of direct viral sensing, in COVID-19 and support the inhibition of IL-1β and IL-18 as potential therapeutic strategies to reduce immunopathology without increasing viral replication.

IMPORTANCE
Inflammasome activation is associated with severe COVID-19. The impact of inflammasome activation on viral replication and mechanistic details of this activation are not clarified. This study advances our understanding of the role of inflammasome activation in macrophages by identifying TLR2, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1 as dependent factors in this activation. Further, it highlights that SARS-CoV-2 inflammasome activation is not a feature of nasal epithelial cells but rather activation of bystander macrophages in the airway. Finally, we demonstrate that two pro inflammatory cytokines produced by inflammasome activation, IL-18 and IL-1β, do not restrict viral replication and are potential targets to ameliorate pathological inflammation in severe COVID-19.
Structural analysis of S-ring composed of FliFG fusion proteins in marine
Vibrio
polar flagellar motor
Authors: Takekawa Norihiro , Nishikino Tatsuro , Kishikawa Jun-ichi , Hirose Mika , Kinoshita Miki , Kojima Seiji , Minamino Tohru , Uchihashi Takayuki , Kato Takayuki , Imada Katsumi , Homma Michio 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

The marine bacterium
Vibrio alginolyticus
possesses a polar flagellum driven by a sodium ion flow. The main components of the flagellar motor are the stator and rotor. The C-ring and MS-ring, which are composed of FliG and FliF, respectively, are parts of the rotor. Here, we purified an MS-ring composed of FliF–FliG fusion proteins and solved the near-atomic resolution structure of the S-ring—the upper part of the MS-ring—using cryo-electron microscopy. This is the first report of an S-ring structure from
Vibrio
, whereas, previously, only those from
Salmonella
have been reported. The
Vibrio
S-ring structure reveals novel features compared with that of
Salmonella
, such as tilt angle differences of the RBM3 domain and the β-collar region, which contribute to the vertical arrangement of the upper part of the β-collar region despite the diversity in the RBM3 domain angles. Additionally, there is a decrease of the inter-subunit interaction between RBM3 domains, which influences the efficiency of the MS-ring formation in different bacterial species. Furthermore, although the inner-surface electrostatic properties of
Vibrio
and
Salmonella
S-rings are altered, the residues potentially interacting with other flagellar components, such as FliE and FlgB, are well structurally conserved in the
Vibrio
S-ring. These comparisons clarified the conserved and non-conserved structural features of the MS-ring across different species.

IMPORTANCE

Understanding the structure and function of the flagellar motor in bacterial species is essential for uncovering the mechanisms underlying bacterial motility and pathogenesis. Our study revealed the structure of the
Vibrio
S-ring, a part of its polar flagellar motor, and highlighted its unique features compared with the well-studied
Salmonella
S-ring. The observed differences in the inter-subunit interactions and in the tilt angles between the
Vibrio
and
Salmonella
S-rings highlighted the species-specific variations and the mechanism for the optimization of MS-ring formation in the flagellar assembly. By concentrating on the region where the S-ring and the rod proteins interact, we uncovered conserved residues essential for the interaction. Our research contributes to the advancement of bacterial flagellar biology.
Unactivated Pd-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling reactions of arenes with benzene: a theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Higginson Niall , Campbell Karen , Quance Melissa , Cuninghame Sean , Gottardo Christine , Mawhinney Robert C. 
Published: September 2024

Oxidative C–H bond activated palladium-catalyzed aromatic cross-coupling reactions offer advantages of fewer required synthetic steps but disadvantages of loss of inherent regioselectivity and selectivity. In one proposed catalytic cycle, each arene adds to a palladium carboxylate catalyst according to a concerted metalation deprotonation mechanism, followed by reductive elimination to couple the arenes and the replenishment of the catalyst by an oxidant. Using this proposed mechanism, molecular structures and free energy profiles were calculated for coupling of benzene with a range of heteroarenes containing various substituents and with several Pd-carboxylate catalysts. Reaction kinetics were analysed using the energetic span model, predicting turnover frequencies (TOFs) of heterocoupling (HB and BH) and homocoupling (HH and BB) pathways and assessing degrees of turnover frequency control (XTOFs). More electron-withdrawing carboxylate ligands and more electron-donating heteroarene substituents decrease activation and reaction free energies of addition steps, with C-2 more favourable than C-3. When heteroarene and catalyst choice are particularly favourable, the first association can become exergonic, causing a significant change in catalytic kinetics. When not exergonic, free energy for addition of benzene is almost always higher, leading to large energetic spans and slower TOFs (BB < HB < BH < HH). Non-exergonic pathways are also faster with more electron-withdrawing ligands and more electron-donating heteroarene substituents because of lower energy addition steps and a smaller energetic span. For exergonic associations, the low-energy arene–catalyst intermediate creates a larger energetic span, slowing down the HH and HB pathways. More electron-withdrawing ligands and more electron-donating substituents increase the relative TOF for BH, and the reaction requires only small excesses of benzene to induce heterocoupling.
Developed Internet of Vehicles Architecture: Communication, Big Data and Route Determination Perspectives
Authors: Alblehai Fahad , Said Omar 
Published: September 2024

Internet of vehicles (IoV) has become an important research topic due to its direct effect on intelligent transportation systems (ITS) development. There are many challenges in the IoV environment, such as communication, big data and best route assigning. In this paper, an effective IoV architecture is proposed. This architecture has four main objectives. The first objective is to utilize a powerful communication scheme in which three tiers of coverage tools — Internet, satellite, high-altitude platform (HAP) — are utilized. Therefore, the vehicles maintain a continuous connection to the IoV environment everywhere. The second objective is to apply filtering and prioritization mechanisms to reduce the detrimental effects of IoV big data. The third objective is to assign the best route for a vehicle after determining its real-time priority. The fourth objective is to analyze the IoV data. The proposed architecture performance is measured using a simulation environment that is created by the NS-3 package. The simulation results proved that the proposed IoV architecture has a positive impact on the IoV environment according to the performance metrics: energy, success rate of route assignment, filtering effect, data loss, delay, usage of coverage tools and throughput.
From kinetic flocking model of Cucker–Smale type to self-organized hydrodynamic model
Authors: Jiang Ning , Luo Yi-Long , Zhang Teng-Fei 
Published: September 2024

We investigate the hydrodynamic limit problem for a kinetic flocking model. We develop a GCI-based Hilbert expansion method, and establish rigorously the asymptotic regime from the kinetic Cucker–Smale model with a confining potential in a mesoscopic scale to the macroscopic limit system for self-propelled individuals, which is derived formally by Aceves-Sánchez et al. in 2019. In the traditional kinetic equation with collisions, for example, Boltzmann-type equations, the key properties that connect the kinetic and fluid regimes are: the linearized collision operator (linearized collision operator around the equilibrium), denoted by [Formula: see text], is symmetric, and has a nontrivial null space (its elements are called collision invariants) which include all the fluid information, i.e. the dimension of Ker([Formula: see text]) is equal to the number of fluid variables. Furthermore, the moments of the collision invariants with the kinetic equations give the macroscopic equations. The new feature and difficulty of the corresponding problem considered in this paper is: the linearized operator [Formula: see text] is not symmetric, i.e. [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the dual of [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the collision invariants lies in Ker([Formula: see text]), which is called generalized collision invariants (GCI). This is fundamentally different with classical Boltzmann-type equations. This is a common feature of many collective motions of self-propelled particles with alignment in living systems, or many active particle system. Another difficulty (also common for active system) is involved by the normalization of the direction vector, which is highly nonlinear. In this paper, using Cucker–Smale model as an example, we develop systematically a GCI-based expansion method, and micro–macro decomposition on the dual space, to justify the limits to the macroscopic system, a non-Euler-type hyperbolic system. We believe our method has wide applications in the collective motions and active particle systems.
B7-H3–Targeted CAR-Vδ1T Cells Exhibit Potent Broad-Spectrum Activity against Solid Tumors
Authors: Jiang Licui , You Fengtao , Wu Hai , Qi Changsong , Xiang Shufen , Zhang Ping , Meng Huimin , Wang Min , Huang Jiequn , Li Yafen , Chen Dan , An Gangli , Yang Nan , Zhang Bozhen , Shen Lin , Yang Lin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Vδ1T cells, a rare subset of γδT cells, hold promise for treating solid tumors. Unlike conventional T cells, they recognize tumor antigens independently of the MHC antigen presentation pathway, making them a potential “off-the-shelf” cell therapy product. However, isolation and activation of Vδ1T cells is challenging, which has limited their clinical investigation. Here, we developed a large-scale clinical-grade manufacturing process for Vδ1T cells and validated the therapeutic potential of B7-H3 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–modified Vδ1T cells in treating solid tumors. Coexpression of IL2 with the B7-H3-CAR led to durable antitumor activity of Vδ1T cells in vitro and in vivo. In multiple subcutaneous and orthotopic mouse xenograft tumor models, a single intravenous administration of the CAR-Vδ1T cells resulted in complete tumor regression. These modified cells demonstrated significant in vivo expansion and robust homing ability to tumors, akin to natural tissue-resident immune cells. Additionally, the B7-H3-CAR-Vδ1T cells exhibited a favorable safety profile. In conclusion, B7-H3-CAR–modified Vδ1T cells represent a promising strategy for treating solid tumors.
Significance: A clinical-grade expansion protocol enabled generation of B7-H3–targeted CAR-Vδ1T cells with robust anticancer activity and a favorable safety profile, supporting the potential of CAR-Vδ1T cells as an “off-the-shelf” therapy for solid tumors.
Breath-hold calibrated fMRI mapping of absolute cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen metabolism (CMRO2): An assessment of the accuracy and repeatability in a healthy adult population
Authors: Driver Ian D. , Chiarelli Antonio Maria , Chandler Hannah L. , Thomas Hannah , Manolova Svetla , Lu Hanzhang , Wise Richard G. , Germuska Michael 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We previously introduced a calibrated fMRI framework that utilises respiratory modulation with only a single gas (CO2) to map the grey matter (GM) cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption (CMRO2). The method decouples and estimates the cerebral blood volume (CBV) and the oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) from a single measure of the maximum BOLD modulation. The method links the two parameters of interest with a model of oxygen diffusion from capillaries to mitochondria which incorporates the cerebral blood flow (CBF). Here, we apply this framework to gas-free breath-hold calibrated fMRI (bhc-fMRI), where simultaneous BOLD and ASL acquisitions are combined with modulation of arterial CO2 through repeated breath-holding. The accuracy and repeatability of the method is assessed in 33 healthy volunteers at rest and during continuous visual stimulation. Average GM OEF estimated from bhc-fMRI was 0.37 ± 0.04, indicating a small bias of 0.04 (with limits of agreement from -0.11 to 0.12) compared to the whole brain OEF of 0.32 ± 0.07 estimated from sagittal sinus using T2 Relaxation Under Spin Tagging (TRUST). The within-session repeatability of GM estimates were moderate to good for OEF, with ICC = 0.75 (0.56–0.87) and good to excellent for CMRO2, with ICC = 0.88 (0.74–0.94). An ROI analysis in the visual cortex found an average CBF increase of 16%, a CMRO2 increase of 12%, and an OEF decrease of 3% during the visual stimulation. The bhc-fMRI measurement of CMRO2 is simple to implement, has comparable accuracy and repeatability to existing gas-based methods, and is sensitive to modulations in metabolism during functional hyperaemia.
E-motions: A History of Unrecorded Female Rural Displacements in Post-Slavery Africa
Authors: Pelckmans Lotte , Rodet Marie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This special issue introduces the concept of e-motions in (post-)slavery Africa to analyse movement or motion that is not so much driven by labour and economic survival but rather by relational/emotional (dis-)connection. We introduce the term e-motions to qualify the gendered mobilities mainly of subaltern girls and women who have been voluntarily or forcedly moving in the past and present to establish and consolidate emotional ties. These ties exist in intimate spheres that are profoundly entangled in histories of slavery and asymmetrical dependencies. In this special issue, we use the concept of e-motions to flesh out the link between small-scale and rural (im-)mobilities executed by subaltern women and girls, who are expected to fulfil important ritualised roles in various emotional stages of life through pathic labour and care work. While not denying we are living in a world with exponential digitisation, mobilities and extreme forms of exclusion, we wish to historicise less spectacular but acute, highly impactful and often implicitly violent e-motions that mostly women at the lowest echelons of their societies faced and continue to face in a male-dominated world.
Intimate Relationships and Forced Migration Paths: Dangerous Liaisons in Refugees’ Lives from East Africa?
Authors: Declich Francesca 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Intimate relationships are part of human life in all contexts. During forced migrations, those relationships and the emotions they entail, may prompt important decisions, may accompany difficult choices, and can be an opportunity for women to overcome extreme situations of poverty. In this article, I present a number of ethnographic cases describing options and opportunities related to intimate relationships women have undertaken during the exodus following the civil war in Somalia, which started in 1991. The way refugee women from a peasant background and allegedly descendant from enslaved people, have navigated intimate relationships in times of forced migrations, may be influenced by their poverty, or by the discriminatory legacy of their status as descendants from the formerly enslaved. Whatever the main factor determining their choices may be, intimate relationships represent major elements influencing decision making in migration paths.