bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Defusion Predicts More Approach and Less Avoidance Coping With Stress, Independent of Threat and Self‐Efficacy Appraisals
Authors: Donald James N. , Atkins Paul W. B. , Parker Philip D. , Christie Alison M. , Guo Jiesi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveRecent evidence suggests that the way in which individuals relate to their aversive thoughts predicts behavioral effectiveness more than the content of such thoughts. This article is among the first to explore whether this is true for coping with stressful events.MethodThree studies with emerging adults (Study 1, N = 202) and adults (Study 2, N = 201; Study 3, N = 141) tested whether changes in how individuals relate to their stress‐related thoughts, measured using the individual‐difference construct of cognitive defusion, predicted more approach and less avoidance coping behavior, controlling for stress‐related appraisals.ResultsWe found that cognitive defusion predicted more approach coping (Studies 1 and 3) and less avoidance coping (Studies 2 and 3) following laboratory‐induced stress (Study 1), naturally occurring monthly stress (Study 2), and daily stress (Study 3). These effects occurred independently of the effects of threat appraisals (Studies 1–3) and self‐efficacy appraisals (Study 3) on coping responses.ConclusionsCognitive defusion may be an important individual‐difference predictor of coping behavior, adding to established theories of coping such as Lazarus and Folkman's (1987) transactional theory.
Weight loss induced by bariatric surgery restores adipose tissue PNPLA3 expression
Authors: Wieser Verena , Adolph Timon E. , Enrich Barbara , Moser Patrizia , Moschen Alexander R. , Tilg Herbert 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsObesity and its related co‐morbidities such as non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are increasing dramatically worldwide. The genetic variation in Patatin‐like phospholipase domain‐containing protein 3 (PNPLA3), which is also called adiponutrin (ADPN), in residue 148 (I148M, rs738409) has been associated with NAFLD. However, the regulation and function of PNPLA3 in metabolic diseases remains unclear. Laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB) of severely obese patients reduces body weight, liver and adipose tissue inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether weight loss induced by LAGB affected PNPLA3 expression in hepatic and adipose tissue.MethodsLiver and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were collected from 28 severely obese patients before and 6 months after LAGB. PNPLA3 expression was assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR. To understand whether inflammatory stimuli regulated PNPLA3 expression, we studied the effect of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on PNPLA3 expression in human adipocytes and hepatocytes.ResultsPNPLA3 was strongly expressed in the liver and clearly detectable in subcutaneous adipose tissue of obese patients. Weight loss induced by LAGB of severely obese patients led to significantly increased adipose, but not hepatic, tissue expression of PNPLA3. Subcutaneous PNPLA3 expression negatively correlated with body‐mass‐index, fasting glucose and fasting insulin. TNFα potently suppressed PNPLA3 expression in adipocytes but not hepatocytes.ConclusionsWeight loss induced by LAGB restored adipose tissue PNPLA3 expression which is suppressed by TNFα. Further studies will be required to determine the functional impact of PNPLA3 and its related genetic variation on adipose tissue inflammation and NAFLD.
Adolescent girls' infant and young child nutrition knowledge levels and sources differ among rural and urban samples in Bangladesh
Authors: Hoddinott John , Karachiwalla Naureen I. , Ledlie Natasha A. , Roy Shalini 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn many low‐income countries, girls marry early and have children very soon after marriage. Although conveying infant and young child nutrition (IYCN) knowledge to adolescent girls in time is important to ensure the well‐being of their children, little is known about the best ways to convey these messages. This study examines the extent of, and sources from which adolescent girls derive IYCN knowledge in order to inform the design of programmes that convey such information. Data on adolescent girls aged 12–18 was collected in 2013 in 140 clusters of villages in rural areas (n = 436), and 70 clusters of slums in urban areas (n = 345) in Bangladesh. Data were analysed using multivariable Poisson regression models. In both the urban and rural samples, girls' schooling is positively and significantly associated with IYCN knowledge (P < 0.01 and P < 0.10, respectively). IYCN knowledge of adolescent girls' mothers is also associated with adolescents' IYCN knowledge in both urban and rural samples, but the magnitude of association in the urban sample is only half that of the rural sample (P < 0.01 and P < 0.10, respectively). In Bangladesh, efforts to improve knowledge regarding IYCN are typically focused on mothers of young children. Only some of this knowledge is passed onto adolescent girls living in the same household. As other messaging efforts directed towards mothers have only small, or no association with adolescent girls' knowledge of IYCN, improving adolescent girls' IYCN knowledge may require information and messaging specifically directed towards them. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Foraging environment determines the genetic architecture and evolutionary potential of trophic morphology in cichlid fishes
Authors: Parsons Kevin J. , Concannon Moira , Navon Dina , Wang Jason , Ea Ilene , Groveas Kiran , Campbell Calum , Albertson R. Craig 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPhenotypic plasticity allows organisms to change their phenotype in response to shifts in the environment. While a central topic in current discussions of evolutionary potential, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic underpinnings of plasticity is lacking in systems undergoing adaptive diversification. Here, we investigate the genetic basis of phenotypic plasticity in a textbook adaptive radiation, Lake Malawi cichlid fishes. Specifically, we crossed two divergent species to generate an F3 hybrid mapping population. At early juvenile stages, hybrid families were split and reared in alternate foraging environments that mimicked benthic/scraping or limnetic/sucking modes of feeding. These alternate treatments produced a variation in morphology that was broadly similar to the major axis of divergence among Malawi cichlids, providing support for the flexible stem theory of adaptive radiation. Next, we found that the genetic architecture of several morphological traits was highly sensitive to the environment. In particular, of 22 significant quantitative trait loci (QTL), only one was shared between the environments. In addition, we identified QTL acting across environments with alternate alleles being differentially sensitive to the environment. Thus, our data suggest that while plasticity is largely determined by loci specific to a given environment, it may also be influenced by loci operating across environments. Finally, our mapping data provide evidence for the evolution of plasticity via genetic assimilation at an important regulatory locus, ptch1. In all, our data address long‐standing discussions about the genetic basis and evolution of plasticity. They also underscore the importance of the environment in affecting developmental outcomes, genetic architectures, morphological diversity and evolutionary potential.
Effects of age, sex, and blood pressure on the blood flow velocity in dental pulp measured by Doppler ultrasound technique
Authors: Kim Dohyun , Park Sung‐Ho 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the effects of age, sex, and BP on the PBFV in human maxillary anterior teeth.MethodsA total of 332 maxillary anterior teeth from 95 participants were included. The age and sex of each subject were recorded. The systolic and diastolic BPs were measured by a digital sphygmomanometer. The PBFV of each tooth was measured by a Doppler ultrasound system with a 20 MHz transducer.ResultsAmong the variables, only systolic BP demonstrated a significant association with the PBFV. There were significant decreases in the PBFV with the groups of lower BP (P<.05). Age, sex, and tooth type were not significantly associated with the PBFV.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, it is considered that the PBFV increases with an increase in systolic BP. Age, sex, and tooth type had no significant effect on the PBFV of maxillary anterior teeth.
Spatial and temporal specificity of Ca2+ signalling in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to osmotic stress
Authors: Bickerton Peter , Sello Simone , Brownlee Colin , Pittman Jon K. , Wheeler Glen L. 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Ca2+‐dependent signalling processes enable plants to perceive and respond to diverse environmental stressors, such as osmotic stress. A clear understanding of the role of spatiotemporal Ca2+ signalling in green algal lineages is necessary in order to understand how the Ca2+ signalling machinery has evolved in land plants.

We used single‐cell imaging of Ca2+‐responsive fluorescent dyes in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to examine the specificity of spatial and temporal dynamics of Ca2+ elevations in the cytosol and flagella in response to salinity and osmotic stress.

We found that salt stress induced a single Ca2+ elevation that was modulated by the strength of the stimulus and originated in the apex of the cell, spreading as a fast Ca2+ wave. By contrast, hypo‐osmotic stress induced a series of repetitive Ca2+ elevations in the cytosol that were spatially uniform. Hypo‐osmotic stimuli also induced Ca2+ elevations in the flagella that occurred independently from those in the cytosol.

Our results indicate that the requirement for Ca2+ signalling in response to osmotic stress is conserved between land plants and green algae, but the distinct spatial and temporal dynamics of osmotic Ca2+ elevations in C. reinhardtii suggest important mechanistic differences between the two lineages.
Micro‐management: curbing chronic wound infection
Authors: Withycombe C. , Purdy K.J. , Maddocks S.E. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryChronic wounds, including pressure ulcers, foot ulcers, and venous leg ulcers, have a detrimental impact on the health and well‐being of an estimated 2% of people in the UK. Chronic wounds are normally colonized by bacteria and in some instances bacterial load increases sufficiently for infection to ensue. Once a chronic wound becomes infected it is difficult to resolve and a combination of continuous inflammation and bacterial proliferation makes these wounds difficult to manage. A state of prolonged inflammation can occur as a result of impaired homeostatic pathways, which are exacerbated by bacterial growth. Chronic, infected wounds can persist for many months or even years, sometimes requiring surgical intervention in the form of regular debridement or amputation when other strategies such as antimicrobial treatments fail. The complex relationships between both oral microbiota and the host have been extensively characterized, including the shift from health to disease, and this has allowed the development of numerous control strategies. This knowledge, combined with contemporary studies of chronic infected wounds, can be used to develop an understanding of the relationship between the host and microorganism in the chronic wound environment. Such information has the potential to inform wound management including strategies to control infection and promote wound healing.
Key innovations in Mesozoic ammonoids: the multicuspidate radula and the calcified aptychus
Authors: Keupp Helmut , Hoffmann René , Stevens Kevin , Albersdörfer Raimund 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA nearly complete radula with seven elements per row preserved inside of an isolated, bivalved, calcitic lower jaw (= aptychus) of the Late Jurassic ammonite Aspidoceras is described from the Fossillagerstätte Painten (Bavaria, southern Germany). It is the largest known ammonite radula and the first record for the Perisphinctoidea. The multicuspidate tooth elements (ctenodont type of radula) present short cusps. Owing to significant morphological differences between known aptychophoran ammonoid radulae, their possible function is discussed, partly in comparison with modern cephalopod and gastropod radulae. Analogies between the evolution of the pharyngeal jaws of cichlid fishes and the ammonoid buccal apparatus raise the possibility that the evolution of a multicuspidate radula allowed for a functional decoupling of the aptychophoran ammonoid jaw. The radula, therefore, represents a key innovation which allowed for the evolution of the calcified lower jaws in Jurassic and Cretaceous aptychophoran ammonites. Possible triggers for this morphological change during the early Toarcian are discussed. Finally, we hypothesize potential adaptations of ammonoids to different feeding niches based on radular tooth morphologies.
Deacetylation biocatalysis and elicitation by immobilized Penicillium canescens in Astragalus membranaceus hairy root cultures: towards the enhanced and sustainable production of astragaloside IV
Authors: Gai Qing‐Yan , Jiao Jiao , Luo Meng , Wang Wei , Yao Li‐Ping , Fu Yu‐Jie 
Published: August 2016

SummaryA novel biotechnology approach by combining deacetylation biocatalysis with elicitation of immobilized Penicillium canescens (IPC) in Astragalus membranaceus hairy root cultures (AMHRCs) was proposed for the elevated production of astragaloside IV (AG IV). The highest AG IV accumulation was achieved in 36‐day‐old AMHRCs co‐cultured with IPC for 60 h, which resulted in the enhanced production of AG IV by 14.59‐fold in comparison with that in control (0.193 ± 0.007 mg/g DW). Meanwhile, AG IV precursors were almost transformed to AG IV by IPC deacetylation. Moreover, expression of genes involved in AG IV biosynthetic pathway was significantly up‐regulated in response to IPC elicitation. Also, FTIR and SEM showed that cell wall lignification was enhanced following IPC treatment and root surface was likely to be IPC deacetylation site. Overall, dual roles of IPC (biocatalyst and elicitor) offered an effective and sustainable way for the mass production of AG IV in AMHRCs.
Testing parametric models in linear‐directional regression
Authors: GarcÍa‐Portugués Eduardo , Van Keilegom Ingrid , Crujeiras and Rosa M. , González‐Manteiga Wenceslao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a goodness‐of‐fit test for parametric regression models with scalar response and directional predictor, that is, a vector on a sphere of arbitrary dimension. The testing procedure is based on the weighted squared distance between a smooth and a parametric regression estimator, where the smooth regression estimator is obtained by a projected local approach. Asymptotic behaviour of the test statistic under the null hypothesis and local alternatives is provided, jointly with a consistent bootstrap algorithm for application in practice. A simulation study illustrates the performance of the test in finite samples. The procedure is applied to test a linear model in text mining.
“I Found God in The Glory Hole”: The Moral Career of a Gay Christian
Authors: Sumerau J. E. , Cragun Ryan T. , Mathers Lain A. B. 
Published: August 2016

This article examines processes wherein Gay Christian men transition from closeted religious people to openly Gay Christians. Based on 36 months of fieldwork in a southeastern lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) Christian church and a synthesis of research intoLGBTChristian experience over the past 25 years, we conceptualize these transformations as a moral career consisting of (1) essentializing religious belief and practice (2) emotionalizing early religious experience, (3) spiritualizing coming out of the closet and religion, and (4) sexualizing coming back to religious participation. In so doing, Gay Christian men interpreted the stages of their lives as an ongoing sexual–religious process wherein they became the spiritual and sexual beings they believed God always wanted them to be. In conclusion, we draw out implications for understanding (1) the moral career of a Gay Christian, (2) the usefulness of conceptualizing religious and sexual transitions as elements of a moral career, and (3) the reproduction of religious privilege.
Unsupervised delineation of stratum corneum using reflectance confocal microscopy and spectral clustering
Authors: Bozkurt A. , Kose K. , Alessi‐Fox C. , Dy J. G. , Brooks D. H. , Rajadhyaksha M. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundMeasuring the thickness of the stratum corneum (SC) in vivo is often required in pharmacological, dermatological, and cosmetological studies. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) offers a non‐invasive imaging‐based approach. However, RCM‐based measurements currently rely on purely visual analysis of images, which is time‐consuming and suffers from inter‐user subjectivity.MethodsWe developed an unsupervised segmentation algorithm that can automatically delineate the SC layer in stacks of RCM images of human skin. We represent the unique textural appearance of SC layer using complex wavelet transform and distinguish it from deeper granular layers of skin using spectral clustering. Moreover, through localized processing in a matrix of small areas (called ‘tiles’), we obtain lateral variation of SC thickness over the entire field of view.ResultsOn a set of 15 RCM stacks of normal human skin, our method estimated SC thickness with a mean error of 5.4 ± 5.1 μm compared to the ‘ground truth’ segmentation obtained from a clinical expert.ConclusionOur algorithm provides a non‐invasive RCM imaging‐based solution which is automated, rapid, objective, and repeatable.
Clinical assessment of rosacea severity: oriental score vs. quantitative assessment method with imaging and biomedical tools
Authors: Kim J. , Ahn J. W. , Ha S. , Kwon S. H. , Lee O. , Oh C. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundRosacea is a common chronic inflammatory disorder affecting facial skin. Currently, no accurate and objective method is available for assessing the severity of rosacea. Most studies use the National Rosacea Society Standard (NRSS) grading method, which lacks objectivity and yields varying results.MethodsEighteen patients with rosacea were included. Clinical severity was assessed on the basis of the NRSS grade, Investigators' Global Assessment, Patients' Global Assessment, and Dermatology Quality of Life Index. A skin color analysis system was used to measure the facial area showing erythema, and biophysical parameters of facial skin (transepidermal water loss and skin surface hydration) were examined. To find statistical significant in classification severity of the rosacea, statistical analysis was performed with all parameters.ResultsA significant correlation (P < 0.05) was found between the NRSS grade, facial area showing erythema, and biophysical parameters. The latter two factors differed significantly among patients with rosacea of different levels of severity (mild, moderate, severe; P < 0.05).ConclusionColor imaging systems can be useful and reliable for evaluating the severity of rosacea, in addition to biophysical parameter assessment. The combination of these two analytical methods enabled objective and quantitative evaluation of the severity of rosacea.
Rare late Neoproterozoic detritus in SW Scandinavia as a response to distant tectonic processes
Authors: Slama Jiri 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRare late Neoproterozoic (Cryogenian and Ediacaran) detrital zircons are detected in sedimentary sequences of Ediacaran to Carboniferous age in SW Scandinavia. New data on five samples of clastic metasediment corroborate their presence. Three distinct sources are proposed for late Neoproterozoic zircons based on new and literature data: (1) rift‐related magmatism along the W margin of Baltica connected with the opening of Iapetus in the Neoproterozoic, (2) the Neoproterozoic to Cambrian Timanian orogeny at the NE margin of Baltica and (3) Cadomian terranes incorporated into the Variscan orogen accreted from the south to Laurussia during the Devonian and Carboniferous. The appearance of late Neoproterozoic detritus, which is otherwise exotic to Baltica, is therefore bound to tectonic processes active at the margins of the palaeocontinent. In a broader perspective, rare detrital zircon populations, when confirmed as genuine, are extremely valuable provenance indicators.
The confusion continues: results from an American Association for the Surgery of Trauma survey on massive transfusion practices among United States trauma centers
Authors: Etchill Eric , Sperry Jason , Zuckerbraun Brian , Alarcon Louis , Brown Joshua , Schuster Kevin , Kaplan Lewis , Piper Greta , Peitzman Andrew , Neal Matthew D. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDMassive transfusion practices have undergone several recent developments. We sought to examine institutional practices guiding hemostatic resuscitation in the setting of massive hemorrhage.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA 37‐question online survey was sent to American Association for the Surgery of Trauma members.RESULTSA total of 191 surgeons from 125 institutions completed the survey. Level I and II centers composed 70 and 18% of responding sites, respectively. A total of 123 institutions have a massive transfusion protocol (MTP); 54% report having an MTP for less than 5 years. The number of coolers and units of red blood cells, plasma, and platelets are highly variable. Tranexamic acid is part of the MTP at 64% of centers; 26% continue to use recombinant activated Factor VII. MTP activation occurs more than five times per month at 32% of centers. MTPs are utilized for nontrauma patients in 82% of institutions. Point‐of‐care prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, and partial thromboplastin time testing is utilized in 37% of institutions. Only 9% routinely utilize thromboelastography or rotational thromboelastometry (TEG/ROTEM) within their MTP. Just 7% use a validated scoring system to guide MTP activation. The incorporation of TEG/ROTEM into the MTP is associated with the use of a scoring system in regression analysis (p = 0.024).CONCLUSIONMost institutions regularly activate recently implemented MTPs for trauma and nontrauma indications; however, few use validated scoring systems for MTP activation. MTP content is highly variable. Few institutions use TEG, while most have incorporated tranexamic acid into their protocol. The lack of consistent practices underscores the need for outcome‐based studies to guide transfusion practices.