bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parity-Time Symmetry Breaking in Coupled Nanobeam Cavities
Authors: Zhang Senlin , Yong Zhengdong , Zhang Yuguang , He Sailing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe concept of parity-time symmetry (PT symmetry) originates from the canonical quantum mechanics and has become a hot topic recently. As a versatile platform to investigate the intriguing concept, both theoretical and experimental works in optics have been implemented. In this paper, the PT symmetry breaking phenomenon is investigated in a coupled nanobeam cavity system. An exceptional point is observed during the tuning of the gain/loss level and the coupling strength of the closely placed nanobeam pair. Unidirectional light propagation is investigated, as well as enhanced sensitivity of single particle detection in the vicinity of the exceptional point. The proposed system is easy to be integrated with photonic integrated circuits and can be strongly coupled to optical waveguides.
Post-traumatic Tension Pneumoventricle: Case Report
Authors: Camelo Ricardo , Silva Josias , Camelo Rafael , Malta Moana , Alves Filho Arnon , Ribeiro Washington , Porfírio Adans , Oliveira Daniel 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPneumoventricle and liquoric fistula are possible complications of traumatic brain injury (TBI), the main cause of morbimortality related to trauma in Brazil. Liquoric fistulae are more common after direct trauma with skull base fractures. However, pneumoventricle is rare and occurs due to excessive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage in the presence of a poorly compliant ventricle system, resulting in the influx of air to its interior. The pathophysiology of tension pneumoventricle remains uncertain. However, the traumatic cause is certain and multiple bone fractures of the face and liquoric fistula may contribute to the process. If symptomatic, the tension pneumoventricle can cause rapid clinical deterioration. The authors aim to report a rare case of post-TBI tension pneumoventricle with complete resolution and without signs of recurrence of the liquoric fistula after surgical treatment.
Blood Pressure Variability and Prediction of Target Organ Damage in Patients With Uncomplicated Hypertension
Authors: Veloudi Panagiota , Blizzard Christopher L. , Head Geoffrey A. , Abhayaratna Walter P. , Stowasser Michael , Sharman James E. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The average of multiple blood pressure (BP) readings (mean BP) independently predicts target organ damage (TOD). Observational studies have also shown an independent relationship between BP variability (BPV) and TOD, but there is limited longitudinal data. This study aimed to determine the effects of changes in mean BP levels compared with BPV on left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV).

METHODS
Mean BP levels (research-protocol clinic BP (clinic BP), 24-hour ambulatory BP, and 7-day home BP) and BPV were assessed in 286 patients with uncomplicated hypertension (mean age 64±8 SD years, 53% women) over 12 months. Reading-to-reading BPV (from 24-hour ambulatory BP) and day-to-day BPV (from 7-day home BP) were assessed at baseline and 12 months, and visit-to-visit BPV (clinic BP) was assessed from 5 visits over 12 months. LVMI was measured by 3D echocardiography and aPWV with applanation tonometry.

RESULTS
The strongest predictors of the changes in LVMI (ΔLVMI) were the changes in mean 24-hour systolic BPs (SBPs) ( P &lt; 0.02). Similarly, the strongest predictors of the changes in aPWV (ΔaPWV) were the changes in mean 24-hour ambulatory SBPs ( P &lt; 0.01) and the changes in mean clinic SBP ( P &lt; 0.001). However, none of the changes in BPV were independently associated with ΔLVMI or ΔaPWV ( P &gt; 0.05 for all).

CONCLUSIONS
Changes in mean BP levels, but not BPV, were most relevant to changes in TOD in patients with uncomplicated hypertension. Thus, from this point of view, BPV appears to have limited clinical utility in this patient population.
Muxstep: an open-source C ++ multiplex HMM library for making inferences on multiple data types
Authors: Veličković Petar , Liò Pietro 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Motivation: With the development of experimental methods and technology, we are able to reliably gain access to data in larger quantities, dimensions and types. This has great potential for the improvement of machine learning (as the learning algorithms have access to a larger space of information). However, conventional machine learning approaches used thus far on single-dimensional data inputs are unlikely to be expressive enough to accurately model the problem in higher dimensions; in fact, it should generally be most suitable to represent our underlying models as some form of complex networksng;nsio with nontrivial topological features. As the first step in establishing such a trend, we present muxstep, an open-source library utilising multiplex networks for the purposes of binary classification on multiple data types. The library is designed to be used out-of-the-box for developing models based on the multiplex network framework, as well as easily modifiable to suit problem modelling needs that may differ significantly from the default approach described.
Availability and Implementation: The full source code is available on GitHub: https://github.com/PetarV-/muxstep
Contact: petar.velickovic@cl.cam.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Mid- and far-infrared properties of Spitzer Galactic bubbles revealed by the AKARI all-sky surveys
Authors: Hattori Yasuki , Kaneda Hidehiro , Ishihara Daisuke , Fukui Yasuo , Torii Kazufumi , Hanaoka Misaki , Kokusho Takuma , Kondo Akino , Shichi Kazuyuki , Ukai Sota , Yamagishi Mitsuyoshi , Yamaguchi Yuta 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We have carried out a statistical study on the mid- and far-infrared (IR) properties of Galactic IR bubbles observed by Spitzer. Using the Spitzer 8 μm images, we estimated the radii and covering fractions of their shells, and categorized them into closed, broken, and unclassified bubbles with our data analysis method. Then, using the AKARI all-sky images at wavelengths of 9, 18, 65, 90, 140, and 160 μm, we obtained the spatial distributions and the luminosities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), warm, and cold dust components by decomposing six-band spectral energy distributions with model fitting. As a result, 180 sample bubbles show a wide range of total IR luminosities corresponding to the bolometric luminosities of a single B-type star to many O-type stars. For all the bubbles, we investigated relationships between the radius, luminosities, and luminosity ratios, and found that there are overall similarities in the IR properties among the bubbles regardless of their morphological types. In particular, they follow a power-law relation with an index of ∼3 between the total IR luminosity and radius, as expected from the conventional picture of the Strömgren sphere. The exceptions are large broken bubbles; they indicate higher total IR luminosities, lower fractional luminosities of the PAH emission, and dust heating sources located nearer to the shells. We discuss the implications of those differences for a massive star-formation scenario.
Rapid hyperosmotic-induced Ca2+responses inArabidopsis thalianaexhibit sensory potentiation and establish involvement of plastidial KEA transporters
Authors: Stephan Aaron B. , Kunz Hans-Henning , Yang Eric , Schroeder Julian 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:Plants experience hyperosmotic stress when faced with saline soils and possibly drought stress, but it is currently unclear how plants perceive this stress in an environment of dynamic water availabilities. Hyperosmotic stress induces a rapid rise in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) in plants, and this Ca2+response may reflect the activities of osmo-sensory components. Here, we find in the reference plantArabidopsis thalianathat the rapid hyperosmotic-induced Ca2+response exhibited enhanced response magnitudes after pre-exposure to an intermediate hyperosmotic stress. We term this phenomenon “osmo-sensory potentiation”. The initial sensing and potentiation occurred in intact plants as well as in roots. Having established a quantitative understanding of WT responses, we investigated effects of pharmacological inhibitors and candidate channel/transporter mutants. Quintuple MSL channel mutants as well as double MCA channel mutants did not affect the response. However interestingly, double mutations in the plastid KEA transporters,kea1kea2, and a single mutation that does not visibly affect chloroplast structure,kea3, impaired the rapid hyperosmotic-induced Ca2+responses. These mutations did not significantly affect sensory potentiation of the response. These findings suggest that plastids may play an important role in the early steps mediating the response to hyperosmotic stimuli. Together, these findings demonstrate that the plant osmosensory components necessary to generate rapid osmotic-induced Ca2+responses remains responsive under varying osmolarities, endowing plants with the ability to perceive the dynamic intensities of water limitation imposed by osmotic stress.Significance Statement:The sensitivity ranges of biological sensors determine when‐ and to what extent responses to environmental stimuli are activated. Plants may perceive water limitation imposed by soil salinity or drought in the form of osmotic stress, among other mechanisms. Rapid osmotic stress-induced Ca2+responses provide the opportunity to quantitatively characterize the responses to osmotic stress under environmental and genetic perturbations. This report describes a phenomenon whereby prior exposure to osmotic stress increases the sensitivity of the rapid responses to subsequent stress. Further, mutations in specific plastidial transporters were found to reduce the stress response. These findings inform the reader of new avenues for understanding osmotic stress responses in plants.
Doing masculinities in construction project management
Authors: Olofsdotter Gunilla , Randevåg Lena 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This study aims to examine how masculinities are (re)produced in project-based organizations. The authors first investigate the doing of masculinities in everyday work practices in construction project management. Second, the authors investigate whether there are opportunities to perceive, or do, gender differently in this specific context.

Design/methodology/approach
Data are elicited from a case study of construction project managers working on a infrastructure project. The project managers were interviewed through semi-structured informal interviews regarding their experiences of project work. The analysis was inspired by the competing discourses and practices of masculinity in organizations outlined by Collinson and Hearn (1994).

Findings
The results showed how multiple masculinities coexist and overlap in the project organization and in the everyday practices of project management. Both male and female project managers must adjust to these masculine discourses and act in accordance with a particular context. But the results also showed opportunities to challenge the masculine norms by doing gender differently.

Practical implications
The results of this study highlights opportunities for creating a more gender-equal work environment in the construction industry. The multiple ways of doing masculinity, by both men and women, highlights the possibilities to balance between doing it well and differently. Such knowledge can be used in policy and strategies for equal opportunities for men and women in organizations.

Originality/value
This study provides insights into the (re)production of multiple masculinities in construction project management. This study contributes to the criticism of the normative conceptions that have characterized the literature on project management. The authors add to the tradition of organization studies by arguing that the gender analysis of project management is important to increase understandings of how projects are managed and, in this case, how masculine discourses affect everyday work.
Administrators’ professional learning via Twitter: the dissonance between beliefs and actions
Authors: Cho Vincent 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Although there has been increasing optimism about the potential for social media platforms such as Twitter to support educators’ professional learning, it is yet unclear whether such promises hold true. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to explore school administrators’ use of Twitter for professional learning.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative case study draws data collected from 17 school administrators from throughout the United States and Canada. In addition to individual, semi-structured interviews, administrators’ tweets were collected for two weeks. This resulted in 1460 tweets. Analyses were aimed at perceptions about Twitter, the knowledge shared, and its impact on practice.

Findings
Findings presented a paradox: although administrators were enthusiastic about the social and professional benefits associated with Twitter, they did not share or apply much knowledge commonly associated with administrator work. Topically, administrators’ tweets tended to focus on technology, rather than other leadership issues. Also, administrators’ informal tweets focused on norms and relationships in the online community, rather than other dimensions to leadership craft. What’s more, leaders were rarely able to point to direct changes in their school policies or practices resulting from Twitter.

Research limitations/implications
The present study raises issues for future research, including: How do administrators evaluate the expertise of peers or other resources online? How do leaders negotiate conflict or dialogue online? How might leaders leverage social media as public relations tools?

Practical implications
Whereas popular media have described the benefits of platforms like Twitter in broad strokes, the present study provides a detailed account of the practitioner experience. This account includes not only descriptions of what leaders might (or might not) be learning via Twitter, but also some of the benefits of being able to socialize with colleagues online.

Originality/value
As social media use has grown, so has interest in using such platforms for professional learning. However, there is a gap in knowledge regarding the strengths and shortfalls facing administrators. This study breaks new ground by comparing Twitter's purported benefits to user's tweets and outcomes.
An investigation of microstructure and properties of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu-XAl2O3 composite solder
Authors: Chen Guang , Huang Bomin , Liu Hui , Chan Y.C. , Tang Zirong , Wu Fengshun 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate microstructure and properties of Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu-XAl2O3 composite solder which were prepared through powder metallurgy route.

Design/methodology/approach
Sn3.0Ag0.5Cu (SAC305)-XAl2O3 (X = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 Wt. %) composite solders were prepared through the powder metallurgy route. The morphology of composite solder powders which consists of Al2O3 particles and SAC solder powders after ball milling was observed. The retained ratio of Al2O3 nanoparticles in composite solder billets and solder joints were also quantitatively measured. Furthermore, the as-prepared composite solder alloys were studied extensively with regard to their microstructures, thermal property, wettability and mechanical properties.

Findings
After ball milling, the Al2O3 nanoparticles added were observed embedded into the surface of SAC solder powders. Only about 5-10 per cent of the initial Al2O3 nanoparticles added were detected in the composite solder joints after reflow. In addition, finer ß-Sn grains were achieved with addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles; the Al2O3 nanoparticles were found retained in the composite solder matrix. Besides, negligible changes in melting temperature and the considerably reduced undercooling were obtained in composite solder alloys. Wettability was improved by appropriate addition of Al2O3 nanoparticles. Microhardness and shear strength of composite solders were both improved after Al2O3 nanoparticles addition.

Originality/value
This paper indicated that powder metallurgy route offered a feasible approach to produce nanoparticle reinforced composite solder. In addition, the quantitative analysis of the actual retained ratio of the Al2O3 nanoparticles in solder joints provided practical implications for the manufacture of composite solders.
Factors influencing women entrepreneurs’ performance in SMEs
Authors: Hasan Fatima S.M.A , Almubarak Muneer Mohammed Saeed 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This paper aims at contributing to the entrepreneurship literature by identifying factors influencing women entrepreneurs’ performance and the corresponding challenges in small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The study also examines the opportunity recognition as a mediator between influencing factors and performance of women entrepreneurs.

Design/methodology/approach
The study proposes a model that shows the effects of different internal and external factors on women entrepreneurs’ performance.

Findings
The paper demonstrates several challenges that are encountered by women entrepreneurs such as lack of access to financial resources, difficulty in finding qualified labors, work-home conflict and low profit. The results suggest that the most influencing factor is industry (SMEs) characteristics followed by entrepreneurial goals and motivations, and legal factors. Additionally, opportunity recognition is found to mediate entrepreneurial goals and motivations, and industry characteristics.

Research limitations/implications
As the study is conducted in Bahrain, it may lack generalization. In future research, it is advisable to expand study factors, use interviews as a research tool and make comparison between women and men entrepreneurial performances.

Practical implications
The paper can help increase women entrepreneurs’ performance and enable them to make use of the business environment in a more efficient and effective way.

Originality/value
Although several papers already exist that discuss issues on women entrepreneurs, there has been little research focusing on factors influencing and challenges facing women entrepreneurs, particularly in the Middle East. Our study explores important issues and calls for more research in this domain.
Entrepreneurial behaviour among catholic Christians in Plateau State-Nigeria
Authors: Dakung Reuel Johnmark , Soemunti Tsenba Wummen 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop an entrepreneurial behaviour model of both quantitative and qualitative factors that are relevant in influencing the entrepreneurial behaviour (self-employment) of catholic Christians in Plateau State-Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach
The study followed a cross sectional (one shot) design. Also, a descriptive survey with a mixed methods and triangulation focus constitutes the study’s research design. A methodological paradigm triangulation concurrently was carried out where both qualitative and quantitative approaches to data collection was employed. Valid research instruments (questionnaire and interview) were utilised to conduct the survey on 302 catholic Christians. Frequency distribution and Structural Equation Model (SEM) through the aid of IBM SPSS AMOS software version 22 were used to analyse and test the hypotheses formulated.

Findings
It was established that catholicpreneurship (innovation) has a strong and positive relationship with entrepreneurial behaviour. The catholicpreneurship (innovation) factor accounts for an estimate of r=0.327, **p&lt;0.01; significant at 0.000 in our model.

Research limitations/implications
The study is only restricted to Jos and Bukuru areas of Plateau State – Nigeria. Further research could be conducted to cover all the seventeen (17) LGAs of the state. Furthermore, the study employed the cross-sectional approach. A longitudinal approach should be employed to study the trend over a period of at least two years. Finally, the four (4) factors identified in influencing/triggering entrepreneurship behaviour may not be sufficient enough in explaining the phenomenon. Hence, there are other factors that may contribute in influencing entrepreneurship behaviour of the catholic Christians that were not part of this study.

Practical implications
This study indicates a number of implications for the church and policy makers. Since entrepreneurship is crucial to economic growth and self-employment, it is pertinent for the church to intensify initiatives in encouraging the spirit of Catholicpreneurship (innovation) among Christians in Plateau State and Nigeria at large. Hence, the church should promote entrepreneurship (sponsor training/classes for its members. With diverse programmes offered by the government to encourage entrepreneurship, the church has a wide range of opportunities to cash on when trying to set up ventures.

Originality/value
This paper is the first in Nigeria (Africa) to test empirically the relationships between catholicpreneurship (innovation), attitude, perceived behavioural control, intention and entrepreneurship behaviour among catholic Christians.
A Comprehensive Overview of the Risks and Benefits of Coffee Consumption
Authors: Pourshahidi L. Kirsty , Navarini Luciano , Petracco Marino , Strain J.J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFindings on both the health benefits and the potentially harmful effects of coffee consumption have been contradictory. However, the general scientific consensus is that moderate, regular coffee drinking by healthy individuals is either essentially benign or mildly beneficial. Results and generalizations are complicated by a number of factors, including differences in age, gender, health status, type of coffee preparation, serving size, and source of coffee. Coffee may have potential health benefits and risks, but causality cannot be established for either with the research currently available as these are largely based on observational data. This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the risks and benefits of coffee consumption on health outcomes. A systematic search (search terms: “coffee” OR “coffee adj3” [consum* or intake* or drink*]) of the literature (from 1970; humans; in English) using the electronic databases “OVID,” “CINAHL,” and “Web of Knowledge” returned 12405 results. Duplicates were removed, studies were screened (based on inclusion/exclusion criteria), and the remaining eligible studies (n = 1277) were used to collate an exhaustive list of the potential health benefits and risks of coffee consumption, which were grouped and are discussed with regard to major diseases/conditions (mortality, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and metabolic/liver/neurological disorders), at‐risk/vulnerable groups, and specific coffee constituents. This qualitative assessment has shown that the health benefits (or null effects) clearly outweigh the risks of moderate coffee consumption in adult consumers for the majority of health outcomes considered. Results from this research may aid further qualitative and quantitative deterministic risk–benefit assessments of coffee consumption.