bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,2′‐Dithioxo‐[5,5′]bithiazolidinylidene‐4,4′‐diones.
Authors: Nasiri Farough , Zolali Amin , Asadbegi Sajad 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe birhodanine derivatives are prepared under mild reaction conditions by three‐component reaction of various primary amines, CS2, and dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐5‐(or 3‐)arylazo‐Substituted Pyridines and Pyrazines from Pyridinium N‐Aminides.
Authors: Gala Elena , Reyes M. Jose , Alvarez‐Builla Julio , Izquierdo M. Luisa 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe title compounds bearing an arylazo group at the C‐3 or C‐5 position are regioselectively prepared from pyridinium N‐amidines.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyridines Using Nano‐WO3‐Supported Sulfonic Acid as an Heterogeneous Catalyst under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Bitaraf Mehrnoosh , Amoozadeh Ali , Otokesh Somayeh 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAromatic aldehydes, β‐dicarbonyl compounds, and ammonium acetate afford the title pyridines in good to excellent yields under environmentally benign reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu(I)‐Catalyzed Double C—H Amination: Synthesis of 2‐Iodo‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Dheer Divya , Reddy K. Ranjith , Rath Santosh K. , Sangwan P. L. , Das Parthasarthi , Shankar Ravi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA variety of 2‐iodo‐imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines (III) is synthesized by a copper‐catalyzed reaction of 2‐aminopyridines with terminal alkynes and iodine.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkali‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Couplings of Hydrosilanes with Amines.
Authors: Anga Srinivas , Sarazin Yann , Carpentier Jean‐Francois , Panda Tarun K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe reaction is promoted by hexamethyldisilazides and the potassium derivative is the most effective one.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Cryptocaryol a by Enantioselective Iridium‐Catalyzed Alcohol C—H Allylation.
Authors: Perez Felix , Waldeck Andrew R. , Krische Michael J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe polyketide natural product cryptocaryol A (I) is prepared in 8 steps via iridium catalyzed enantioselective diol double C—H allylation, which directly generates an acetate‐based triketide stereodiad.
ChemInform Abstract: Concepts and Molecular Aspects in the Polypharmacology of PARP‐1 Inhibitors
Authors: Passeri Daniela , Camaioni Emidio , Liscio Paride , Sabbatini Paola , Ferri Martina , Carotti Andrea , Giacche Nicola , Pellicciari Roberto , Gioiello Antimo , Macchiarulo Antonio 
Published: August 2016

AbstractReview: [52 refs.
Dual polymer flocculants for mature fine tailings dewatering
Authors: Zhu Ying , Tan Xiaoli , Liu Qi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA cationic polymer, polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (polyDADMAC), and an anionic (hydrolyzed) polyacrylamide (PAM), were used in sequence to treat the mature fine tailings (MFT) from the oil sands operations in Alberta, Canada. Capillary suction time (CST), specific resistance to filtration (SRF), and filter cake solid content were measured, and cryogenic scanning electron microscopic (cryo‐SEM) images of the MFT were taken, before and after the dual polymer treatment to evaluate the dewaterability of the MFT. The results were compared with treatment by a single polymer, which demonstrated that the dual polymer treatment resulted in improved dewaterability of the MFT due to the larger pore sizes.
Descending projections from the inferior colliculus to the dorsal cochlear nucleus are excitatory
Authors: Milinkeviciute Giedre , Muniak Michael A. , Ryugo David K. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAscending projections of the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) target primarily the contralateral inferior colliculus (IC). In turn, the IC sends bilateral descending projections back to the DCN. We sought to determine the nature of these descending axons in order to infer circuit mechanisms of signal processing at one of the earliest stages of the central auditory pathway. An anterograde tracer was injected in the IC of CBA/Ca mice to reveal terminal characteristics of the descending axons. Retrograde tracer deposits were made in the DCN of CBA/Ca and transgenic GAD67–EGFP mice to investigate the cells giving rise to these projections. A multiunit best frequency was determined for each injection site. Brains were processed by using standard histologic methods for visualization and examined by fluorescent, brightfield, and electron microscopy. Descending projections from the IC were inferred to be excitatory because the cell bodies of retrogradely labeled neurons did not colabel with EGFP expression in neurons of GAD67–EGFP mice. Furthermore, additional experiments yielded no glycinergic or cholinergic positive cells in the IC, and descending projections to the DCN were colabeled with antibodies against VGluT2, a glutamate transporter. Anterogradely labeled endings in the DCN formed asymmetric postsynaptic densities, a feature of excitatory neurotransmission. These descending projections to the DCN from the IC were topographic and suggest a feedback pathway that could underlie a frequency‐specific enhancement of some acoustic signals and suppression of others. The involvement of this IC–DCN circuit is especially noteworthy when considering the gating of ascending signal streams for auditory processing. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:773–793, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Amine‐Appended Hierarchical Ca‐A Zeolite for Enhancing CO2/CH4 Selectivity of Mixed‐Matrix Membranes
Authors: Nguyen Tien Hoa , Gong Heqing , Lee Siew Siang , Bae Tae‐Hyun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAn amine‐appended hierarchical Ca‐A zeolite that can selectively capture CO2 was synthesized and incorporated into inexpensive membrane polymers, in particular polyethylene oxide and Matrimid, to design mixed‐matrix membranes with high CO2/CH4 selectivities. Binary mixture permeation testing reveals that amine‐appended mesoporous Ca‐A is highly effective in improving CO2/CH4 selectivity of polymeric membranes. In particular, the CO2/CH4 selectivity of the polyethylene oxide membrane increases from 15 to 23 by incorporating 20 wt % amine‐appended Ca‐A zeolite. Furthermore, the formation of filler/polymer interfacial defects, which is typically found in glassy polymer‐zeolite pairs, is inhibited owing to the interaction between the amine groups on the external surface of zeolites and polymer chains. Our results suggest that the amine‐appended hierarchial Ca‐A, which was utilized in membrane fabrication for the first time, is a good filler material for fabricating a CO2‐selective mixed‐matrix membrane with defect‐free morphology.
Effective Atom–Molecule Conversions Using Radio Frequency Fields
Authors: Ding Yijue , Pérez‐Ríos Jesús , Greene Chris H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe present study is inspired by the Wieman group experiment [Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 190404], in which they use a slow modulated magnetic field to effectively transfer rubidium atoms into cold molecules near a Feshbach resonance. We develop a time‐dependent collision theory based on two channel model potentials to study the atom–molecule population transfer induced by a single‐color radio frequency field in an ultracold 87Rb gas. Wave‐packet dynamical simulations allow an investigation of both bound–bound transitions and free–bound transitions. The effects of temperature, detuning and the RF amplitude on the population transfer are discussed in detail. Some of our simulations suggest that oscillatory atom–molecule conversion could originate from the long coherence time of the wave packet. This coherence time is unusually long in ultracold gases because the collision energy is typically quite well‐defined.
Clinical inter‐rater reliability of postural control techniques
Authors: Yuasa Ken , Ihara Yoshiaki , Takei Yoshiko , Groher Michael E. , Takahashi Koji 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEffectiveness of postural control techniques to compensate for oropharyngeal dysphagia have been recommended and used by several clinicians. However, the inter‐rater reliability of these techniques is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to clarify the ambiguity of postural control techniques using statistical analyses. A total of 50 clinicians involved in dysphagia treatment participated in this study, where a healthy male served as the simulated patient. The following clinically used postures were measured by two investigators on two separate days: chin down, right/left incline, and right/left rotation. Postural angles were measured twice by two investigators on each day. Data obtained for the angle of each posture were visually displayed. Data from both investigators were assessed for each posture using the Youden plot, which analyzes data variability for systematic errors and accidental errors separately. The correlation coefficient for examining the measurement error between investigators was calculated. The results showed considerable variation between clinicians regarding the postures used, and significant differences were noted each day. The correlation coefficient for a total of four measurements was more often lower on Day 2 than that on Day 1. The details of the instructions provided by clinicians were not fixed, and the same specified posture was not reproduced even when instructions were provided to the same subject. These findings suggest poor inter‐rater reliability because of the variability of selected postures when using statistical analyses. Therefore, standardized postures need to be developed that can be easily measured and reproduced.
Association between periodontal condition and kidney dysfunction in Japanese adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Naruishi Koji , Oishi Keiji , Inagaki Yuji , Horibe Masumi , Bando Mika , Ninomiya Masami , Kawahara Kazuhiko , Minakuchi Jun , Kawashima Shu , Shima Kenji , Kido Jun‐ichi , Nagata Toshihiko 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be associated with the progression of periodontal disease. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for CKD. The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between periodontal condition and kidney dysfunction in patients who had kidney failure with or without DM. One hundred sixty‐four patients with kidney dysfunction were enrolled (male: N = 105; female: N = 59), and the relationship between periodontal condition and kidney dysfunction was analyzed in a cross‐sectional study. The subjects were divided into three groups: (a) patients with DM, (b) dialysis patients with nephropathy due to various kidney diseases, and (c) dialysis patient with nephropathy due to DM (diabetic nephropathy). Then, the effect of DM on the periodontal condition was analyzed. The patients were also stratified by CKD stage (into G1–G5) using the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and the G5 group was divided in patients with or without DM. Correlations between eGFR and parameters of periodontal condition were calculated in patients from G1 to G4. The number of missing teeth was significantly higher in dialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy than in patients with DM, whereas alveolar bone loss did not show a significant difference among the three groups. In addition, the G5 patients with DM had a significantly higher number of missing teeth than the other CKD groups, whereas alveolar bone loss did not show a significant difference. In G5 patients with DM, Community Periodontal Index and Oral Hygiene Index scores were significantly higher than in G1‐4 patients with DM. There was a significant negative correlation between eGFR and the number of missing teeth. Patients with diabetic nephropathy have a higher rate of periodontal problems such as missing teeth in Japanese adults.
High‐Performance Carbon Aerogel Air Cathodes for Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyuan , He Weihua , Zhang Rufan , Wang Qiuying , Liang Peng , Huang Xia , Logan Bruce E. , Fellinger Tim‐Patrick 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) can generate electricity from the oxidation of organic substrates using anodic exoelectrogenic bacteria and have great potential for harvesting electric energy from wastewater. Improving oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance at a neutral pH is needed for efficient energy production. Here we show a nitrogen doped (≈4 wt%) ionothermal carbon aerogel (NDC) with a high surface area, large pore volume, and hierarchical porosity, with good electrocatalytic properties for ORR in MFCs. The MFCs using NDC air cathodes achieved a high maximum power density of 2300 mW m−2, which was 1.7 times higher than the most commonly used Pt/C air cathodes and also higher than most state‐of‐the‐art ORR catalyst air cathodes. Rotating disk electrode measurements verified the superior electrocatalytic activity of NDC with an efficient four‐electron transfer pathway (n=3.9). These findings highlight NDC as a better‐performing and cost‐efficient catalyst compared with Pt/C, making it highly viable for MFC applications.
Engineering of Sub‐Nanometer SiOx Thickness in Si Photocathodes for Optimized Open Circuit Potential
Authors: Das Chittaranjan , Kot Malgorzata , Henkel Karsten , Schmeisser Dieter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSilicon is one of the most promising materials to be used for tandem‐cell water‐splitting devices. However, the electrochemical instability of bare Si makes it difficult to be used for stable devices. Besides that, the photovoltage loss in Si, caused by several factors (e.g., metal oxide protection layer and/or SiO2/Si or catalyst/Si interface), limits its use in these devices. In this work, we present that an optimized open circuit potential (OCP) of Si can be obtained by controlling the SiOx thickness in sub‐nanometer range. It can be done by means of a simple and cost‐effective way using the combination of a wet chemical etching and the low temperature atomic layer deposition (ALD) of TiO2. We have found that a certain thickness of the native SiOx is necessary to prevent further oxidation of the Si photocathode during the ALD growth of TiO2. Moreover, covering the Si photocathode with an ALD TiO2 layer enhances its stability.
Protective Effect of Metformin against Acute Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rat
Authors: Pandey Abhimanu , Kumar Vijay L. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

The antidiabetic drug, metformin, can inhibit the release of inflammatory mediators in several disease conditions. The present study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of metformin in ameliorating edema formation, oxidative stress, mediator release and vascular changes associated with acute inflammation in the rat carrageenan model. Metformin dose‐dependently inhibited paw swelling induced by carrageenan and normalized the tissue levels of the inflammatory markers myeloperoxidase and nitrite. It also maintained oxidative homeostasis as indicated by near normal levels of the oxidative stress markers glutathione, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, catalase and superoxide dismutase. The histopathology of the paw tissue in metformin‐treated animals was similar to that in normal paw and had similar effects to diclofenac. In a rat peritonitis model, metformin reduced vascular permeability and cellular infiltration. In conclusion, this study shows that metformin has a potential for use in treating various inflammatory conditions.
Modulation of growth cone filopodial length by carbon monoxide
Authors: Estes Stephen , Artinian Liana , Rehder Vincent 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTCarbon monoxide (CO) is physiologically produced via heme degradation by heme oxygenase enzymes. Whereas CO has been identified as an important physiological signaling molecule, the roles it plays in neuronal development and regeneration are poorly understood. During these events, growth cones guide axons through a rich cellular environment to locate target cells and establish synaptic connections. Previously, we have shown that another gaseous signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO), has potent effects on growth cone motility. With NO and CO sharing similar cellular targets, we wanted to determine whether CO affected growth cone motility as well. We assessed how CO affected growth cone filopodial length and determined the signaling pathway by which this effect was mediated. Using two well‐characterized neurons from the freshwater snail, Helisoma trivolvis, it was found that the CO donor, carbon monoxide releasing molecule‐2 (CORM‐2), increased filopodial length. CO utilized a signaling pathway that involved the activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase, protein kinase G, and ryanodine receptors. While increases in filopodial length often occur from robust increases in intracellular calcium levels, the timing in which CO increased filopodial length corresponded with low basal calcium levels in growth cones. Taken together with findings of a heme oxygenase‐like protein in the Helisoma nervous system, these results provide evidence for CO as a modulator of growth cone motility and implicate CO as a neuromodulatory signal during neuronal development and/or regeneration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 677–690, 2017
Eleven years of crop diversification alters decomposition dynamics of litter mixtures incubated with soil
Authors: McDaniel M. D. , Grandy A. S. , Tiemann L. K. , Weintraub M. N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAgricultural crop rotations have been shown to increase soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and microbial biomass. The mechanisms behind these increases remain unclear, but may be linked to the diversity of crop residue inputs to soil organic matter (SOM). We used a residue mixture incubation to examine how variation in long‐term diversity of plant communities in agroecosystems influences decomposition of residue mixtures, thus providing a comparison of the effects of plant diversification on decomposition in the long term (via crop rotation) and short term (via residue mixtures). Three crop residue mixtures, ranging in diversity from two to four species, were incubated for 360 d with soils from five crop rotations, ranging from monoculture corn (mC) to a complex five‐crop rotation. In response, we measured fundamental soil pools and processes underlying C and N cycling. These included soil respiration, inorganic N, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzymes. We hypothesized that soils with more diverse cropping histories would show greater synergistic mixture effects than mC. For most variables (except extracellular enzymes), crop rotation history, or the long‐term history of plant diversity in the field, had a stronger effect on soil processes than mixture composition. In contrast to our hypothesis, the mC soil had nearly three and seven times greater synergistic mixture effects for respiration and microbial biomass N, respectively, compared with soils from crop rotations. This was due to the low response of the mC soils to poor quality residues (corn and wheat), likely resulting from a lack of available C and nutrients to cometabolize these residues. These results indicate that diversifying crop rotations in agricultural systems alter the decomposition dynamics of new residue inputs, which may be linked to the benefits of increasing crop rotation diversity on soil nutrient cycling, SOM dynamics, and yields.
Transition‐Metal Carbonyl Complexes and Electron‐Donating Properties of N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene–Phosphinidene Adducts
Authors: Bockfeld Dirk , Doddi Adinarayana , Jones Peter G. , Tamm Matthias 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Matthias Tamm from the Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany. The cover image shows the structure of an N‐heterocyclic‐carbene–phosphinidene–tungsten complex, which was used to establish that NHC–phosphinidenes represent a new class of strongly electron‐donating phosphorus ligands.
Seismic risk assessment considering cumulative damage due to aftershocks
Authors: Jalayer Fatemeh , Ebrahimian Hossein 
Published: August 2016

SummaryCalculating the limit state (LS) exceedance probability for a structure considering the main seismic event and the triggered aftershocks (AS) is complicated both by the time‐dependent rate of aftershock occurrence and also by the cumulative damage caused by the sequence of events. Taking advantage of a methodology developed previously by the authors for post‐mainshock (MS) risk assessment, the LS probability due to a sequence of mainshock and the triggered aftershocks is calculated for a given aftershock forecasting time window. The proposed formulation takes into account both the time‐dependent rate of aftershock occurrence and also the damage accumulation due to the triggered aftershocks. It is demonstrated that an existing reinforced concrete moment‐resisting frame with infills subjected to the main event and the triggered sequence exceeds the near‐collapse LS. On the other hand, the structure does not reach the onset of near‐collapse LS when the effect of triggered aftershocks is not considered. It is shown, based on simplifying assumptions, that the derived formulation yields asymptotically to the same Poisson‐type functional form used when the cumulative damage is not being considered. This leads to a range of approximate solutions by substituting the fragilities calculated for intact, MS‐damaged, and MS‐plus‐one‐AS‐damaged structures in the asymptotic simplified formulation. The latter two approximate solutions provide good agreement with the derived formulation. Even when the fragility of intact structure is employed, the approximate solution (considering only the time‐dependent rate of aftershock occurrence) leads to higher risk estimates compared with those obtained based on only the mainshock. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional dissociation between anterior temporal lobe and inferior frontal gyrus in the processing of dynamic body expressions: Insights from behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Jastorff Jan , De Winter Francois‐Laurent , Van den Stock Jan , Vandenberghe Rik , Giese Martin A. , Vandenbulcke Mathieu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSeveral brain regions are involved in the processing of emotional stimuli, however, the contribution of specific regions to emotion perception is still under debate. To investigate this issue, we combined behavioral testing, structural and resting state imaging in patients diagnosed with behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) and age matched controls, with task‐based functional imaging in young, healthy volunteers. As expected, bvFTD patients were impaired in emotion detection as well as emotion categorization tasks, testing dynamic emotional body expressions as stimuli. Interestingly, their performance in the two tasks correlated with gray matter volume in two distinct brain regions, the left anterior temporal lobe for emotion detection and the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) for emotion categorization. Confirming this observation, multivoxel pattern analysis in healthy volunteers demonstrated that both ROIs contained information for emotion detection, but that emotion categorization was only possible from the pattern in the IFG. Furthermore, functional connectivity analysis showed reduced connectivity between the two regions in bvFTD patients. Our results illustrate that the mentalizing network and the action observation network perform distinct tasks during emotion processing. In bvFTD, communication between the networks is reduced, indicating one possible cause underlying the behavioral symptoms. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4472–4486, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.