bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ionospheric Response to 22–23 June 2015 Storm as Investigated Using Ground‐Based Ionosondes and GPS Receivers Over India
Authors: Singh Ram , Sripathi S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present response of equatorial and low‐latitude ionosphere to 22/23 June 2015 geomagnetic storm using a chain of ground‐based ionosondes located at Tirunelveli (8.73°N,77.70°E; geomagnetic latitude: 0.32°N), Hyderabad (17.36°N, 78.47°E; geomagnetic latitude: 8.76°N), and Allahabad (25.45°N, 81.85°E; geomagnetic latitude: 16.5°N) along with a chain of GPS receivers. Uniqueness of this storm is that in contrast to the equatorial plasma bubbles that were detected in the European sector, we see suppression of plasma bubbles in the Indian sector. The observations suggest that westward penetration electric field during local midnight caused abrupt decrease of virtual height (h'F (km)) to ~200 km and suppressed plasma bubbles due to undershielding. Later, the layer increased to 500 km simultaneously due to overshielding effect. On 23 June, we observed negative storm in the Northern Hemisphere while positive storm in the Southern Hemisphere. In addition, absence of equatorial Es layers at Tirunelveli and presence of F3 layer at Tirunelveli/Hyderabad seem to be associated with equatorial electrojet (EEJ)/counter electrojet (CEJ) variations. However, on 24 June, we observed strong negative storm effects at Allahabad/Hyderabad, while positive storm effect at Tirunelveli. Simultaneous enhancement of h'F (km) at all three ionosonde stations at 20:30 UT on 23 June during recovery phase suggest eastward disturbance dynamo (DD) electric field that caused presunrise spread F at Hyderabad/Allahabad but void of spread F at Tirunelveli suggesting its midlatitude origin. Periodogram analysis of foF2 and h'F (km) in the present analysis suggest the presence of shorter periods (~< 2 h) associated with prompt penetration (PP) electric fields while larger periods (>2 h) associated with DD electric field/winds.
Front‐Eddy Influence on Water Column Properties, Phytoplankton Community Structure, and Cross‐Shelf Exchange of Diatom Taxa in the Shelf‐Slope Area off Concepción (∼36–37°S)
Authors: Morales Carmen E. , Anabalón Valeria , Bento Joaquim P. , Hormazabal Samuel , Cornejo Marcela , Correa‐Ramírez Marco A. , Silva Nelson 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn eastern boundary current systems (EBCSs), submesoscale to mesocale variability contributes to cross‐shore exchanges of water properties, nutrients, and plankton. Data from a short‐term summer survey and satellite time series (January–February 2014) were used to characterize submesoscale variability in oceanographic conditions and phytoplankton distribution across the coastal upwelling and coastal transition zones north of Punta Lavapié, and to explore cross‐shelf exchanges of diatom taxa. A thermohaline front (FRN‐1) flanked by a mesoscale anticyclonic intrathermocline eddy (ITE‐1), or mode‐water eddy, persisted during the time series and the survey was undertaken during a wind relaxation event. At the survey time, ITE‐1 contributed to an onshore intrusion of warm oceanic waters (southern section) and an offshore advection of cold coastal waters (northern section), with the latter forming a cold, high chlorophyll‐a filament. In situ phytoplankton and diatom biomasses were highest at the surface in FRN‐1 and at the subsurface in ITE‐1, whereas values in the coastal zone were lower and dominated by smaller cells. Diatom species typical of the coastal zone and species dominant in oceanic waters were both found in the FRN‐1 and ITE‐1 interaction area, suggesting that this mixture was the result of both offshore and onshore advection. Overall, front‐eddy interactions in EBCSs could enhance cross‐shelf exchanges of coastal and oceanic plankton, as well as sustain phytoplankton growth in the slope area through localized upward injections of nutrients in the frontal zone, combined with ITE‐induced advection and vertical nutrient inputs to the surface layer.
Source and Fate of Dissolved Black Carbon in the Western South China Sea During the Southwest Monsoon Prevailing Season
Authors: Fang Ziming , Yang Weifeng , Chen Min , Ma Haoyang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDissolved black carbon (DBC) is of importance for understanding the marine carbon cycle especially on long time scales owing to its refractory nature in the dissolved organic carbon pool. However, its geochemical behavior is poorly understood in the open oceans due to limited DBC data. Here 86 seawater samples were determined using the benzene‐polycarboxylic acid method to investigate the source and fate of DBC in the western South China Sea. The DBC concentration varied from 0.49 to 1.60 μmol L−1, averaging 0.95 μmol L−1. Spatially, the Mekong River plume (i.e., MR plume) showed higher DBC concentrations and (B6CA + B5CA)/(B4CA + B3CA) ratios (i.e., RH/L) in the mixed layer than the distal regions. In addition, the DBC concentration positively correlated with salinity in the mixed layer within the MR plume, indicating the important DBC input from the Mekong River. In intermediate water (500–1500 m), DBC varied from 0.70 to 0.85 μmol L−1 and the RH/L value continually increased with depth, implying another DBC source with distinct RH/L ratio comparing with the euphotic zone. Based on a conservative mixing model, the Mekong River and atmospheric deposition collectively input 38–100 Gg DBC each year, and over one third of DBC were removed within the euphotic zone, probably via photodegradation and/or adsorption on particles. These results highlighted the different DBC behavior in the euphotic and intermediate zones and lent support to DBC as a proxy for tracing water mixing in the intermediate and deep oceans.
Development of Autonomous Boat‐Type Robot for Automated Velocity Measurement in Straight Natural River
Authors: Sanjou Michio , Nagasaka Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe present study describes an automated system to measure the river flow velocity. A combination of the camera‐tracking system and the Proportional/Integral/Derivative (PID) control could enable the boat‐type robot to remain in position against the mainstream; this results in reasonable evaluation of the mean velocity by a duty ratio which corresponds to rotation speed of the screw propeller. A laser range finder module was installed to measure the local water depth. Reliable laboratory experiments with the prototype boat robot and electromagnetic velocimetry were conducted to obtain a calibration curve that connects the duty ratio and mean current velocity. The remaining accuracy in the target point was also examined quantitatively. The fluctuation in the spanwise direction is within half of the robot length. It was therefore found that the robot remains well within the target region. We used two‐dimensional navigation tests to guarantee that the prototype moved smoothly to the target points and successfully measured the streamwise velocity profiles across the mainstream. Moreover, the present robot was found to move successfully not only in the laboratory flume but also in a small natural river. The robot could move smoothly from the starting point near the operator's site toward the target point where the velocity is measured, and it could evaluate the cross‐sectional discharge.
Multitracer Field Fluorometry: Accounting for Temperature and Turbidity Variability During Stream Tracer Tests
Authors: Blaen Phillip J. , Brekenfeld Nicolai , Comer‐Warner Sophie , Krause Stefan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe use of multitracer field fluorometry is increasing in the hydrological sciences. However, obtaining high‐quality fluorescence measurements is challenging given the variability in environmental conditions within stream ecosystems. Here, we conducted a series of stream tracer tests to examine the degree to which multitracer field fluorometry produces reliable estimates of tracer concentrations under realistic field conditions. Using frequently applied examples of conservative (Uranine) and reactive (Resazurin‐Resorufin) fluorescent tracers, we show that in situ measurements of tracer breakthrough curves can deviate markedly from corresponding samples analyzed under laboratory conditions. To investigate the effects of key environmental variables on fluorescence measurements, we characterized the response of field fluorometer measurements to changes in temperature, turbidity, and tracer concentration. Results showed pronounced negative log‐linear effects of temperature on fluorescence measurements for all tracers, with stronger effects observed typically at lower tracer concentrations. We also observed linear effects of turbidity on fluorescence measurements that varied predictably with tracer concentration. Based on our findings, we present methods to correct field fluorometer measurements for variation in these parameters. Our results show how changing environmental conditions can introduce substantial uncertainties in the analysis of fluorescent tracer breakthrough curves, and highlight the importance of accounting for these changes to prevent incorrect inferences being drawn regarding the physical and biogeochemical processes underpinning observed patterns.
Multifurcate Assembly of Slanted Micropillars Fabricated by Superposition of Optical Vortices and Application in High‐Efficiency Trapping Microparticles
Authors: Ni Jincheng , Wang Zhongyu , Li Ziqin , Lao Zhaoxin , Hu Yanlei , Ji Shengyun , Xu Bing , Zhang Chenchu , Li Jiawen , Wu Dong , Chu Jiaru 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSelf‐assembly induced by capillary force is abundant in nature and has been widely used in fabrication as a bottom‐up method. Here a rapid and flexible method for achieving an even number of furcate slanted micropillars by single‐exposure under a spatial phase modulated laser beam is reported, which is produced by designing a superimposed hologram with opposite topological charges to split the incident beam into several equal‐weighting sectors. These furcate micropillars with intentional spatial arrangement can be directed to capillary‐assisted self‐assembly process for generating designable hierarchical functional arrays. Due to the slanted characteristic of micropillars (8°–13°), the assembled arrays are very stable and can be used as an effective tool for trapping SiO2 particles to form honeycomb patterns with an ultrahigh trapping ratio (>90%), which can image as a microlens array. The investigation reveals that micropillars with a height of 6 µm exhibit the high trapping ratio of particles, which maintain a fine imaging performance. The fast fabrication (more than 2 orders of magnitude enhancement) of furcate slanted pillars paves an avenue for developing innovative microoptics, microfluidics and biological scaffold engineering.
InVADE: Integrated Vasculature for Assessing Dynamic Events
Authors: Lai Benjamin Fook Lun , Huyer Locke Davenport , Lu Rick Xing Ze , Drecun Stasja , Radisic Milica , Zhang Boyang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDrug screening with simplified 2D cell culture and relevant animal testing fail to predict clinical outcomes. With the rising cost of drug development, predictive 3D tissue models with human cells are in urgent demand. Establishing vascular perfusion of 3D tissues has always been a challenge, but it is necessary to mimic drug transport and to capture complex interorgan crosstalk. Here, a versatile multiwell plate is presented empowered by built‐in microfabricated vascular scaffolds that define the vascular space and support self‐assembly of various parenchymal tissues. In this configuration, assembly and organ‐specific function of a metabolically active liver, a free‐contracting cardiac muscle, and a metastatic solid tumor are demonstrated, tracking organ function using noninvasive analysis techniques. By linking the 3D tumor and the liver tissue in series, it is demonstrated that the presence of liver tissue is crucial to correctly reveal the efficacy of a chemotherapeutic drug, Tegafur. Furthermore, the complete cancer metastasis cascade is demonstrated across multiple organs, where cancer cells escaping from the solid tumor can invade a distant liver tissue connected through a continuous vascular interface. This combinatory use of microfabricated scaffold onto a standard cell culturing platform can offer important insights into the mechanics of complex interorgan biological events.
Periodic Dielectric Metasurfaces with High‐Efficiency, Multiwavelength Functionalities
Authors: Sell David , Yang Jianji , Doshay Sage , Fan Jonathan A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMetasurfaces are thin‐film optical devices for tailoring the phase fronts of light. The extension of metasurfaces to multiple wavelengths has remained a major challenge, and existing design techniques do not yield devices with high efficiency. This study reports a new design method, based on inverse freeform optimization, that enables high‐efficiency, multiwavelength metasurfaces. Using an iterative optimization solver, this study incorporates multiple wavelength responses into wavelength‐scale design domains in a straightforward and automated manner. In principle, this method can readily scale to a very large number of wavelengths. As a proof of concept, this study designs and characterizes periodic transmissive metasurfaces, made from silicon, that deflect N different incident near‐infrared wavelengths to N unique diffraction orders. The theoretical and experimental efficiencies of these devices scale as 1/N0.5, which is significantly better than current state‐of‐the‐art devices. The implementation of large‐angle, broadband blazed grating devices is also demonstrated. This study envisions that this inverse design method can generalize to high‐performance, multiwavelength, aperiodic devices, and that it serves as a potential route to broadband metasurfaces.
A Triphasic Modulated Hydrothermal Approach for the Synthesis of Multivariate Metal–Organic Frameworks with Hydrophobic Moieties for Highly Efficient Moisture‐Resistant CO2 Capture
Authors: Hu Zhigang , Gami Abhishek , Wang Yuxiang , Zhao Dan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe CO2 capture performance of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is largely compromised under wet conditions. This study reports a triphasic modulated hydrothermal approach to prepare multivariate (MTV) UiO‐66(Zr) MOFs with hydrophobic moieties for wet CO2 capture under heterogeneous aqueous conditions. Among these MOFs, UiO‐66(Zr)‐NH2‐F4‐0.53 shows a binary CO2 adsorption capacity of 0.76 mmol g−1 and a CO2/N2 (15/85) selectivity of 18.9 at 298 K, which is among the best of all UiO‐66‐type MOFs. Besides, UiO‐66(Zr)‐NH2‐F4‐0.53 only loses 30% of its CO2 uptake capacity under wet (70% relative humidity) CO2/N2 (15/85) mixture condition at 298 K, compared with almost 100% loss of zeolite materials and other hydrophilic adsorbents under similar conditions. This moisture‐resistant feature makes UiO‐66(Zr)‐NH2‐F4‐0.53 one of the best physisorption‐based adsorbent materials for CO2 capture under wet conditions so far. Moreover, UiO‐66(Zr)‐NH2‐F4‐0.53 demonstrates enhanced breakthrough dynamics with less cross‐column pressure drop (ΔP ≈ 0 bar) and 2.7 times larger mass transfer coefficient (k = 0.1235 s−1) than that of pristine UiO‐66(Zr)‐NH2 (ΔP ≈ 0.25 bar, k = 0.0334 s−1). The present study offers new insights into the heterogeneous synthesis of MTV‐MOFs and a paradigm to design hydrophobic MOFs with improved material features for moisture‐resistant CO2 capture applications.
Earth‐Abundant Tin Sulfide‐Based Photocathodes for Solar Hydrogen Production
Authors: Cheng Wei , Singh Nirala , Elliott Will , Lee Joun , Rassoolkhani Alan , Jin Xuejun , McFarland Eric W. , Mubeen Syed 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTin‐based chalcogenide semiconductors, though attractive materials for photovoltaics, have to date exhibited poor performance and stability for photoelectrochemical applications. Here, a novel strategy is reported to improve performance and stability of tin monosulfide (SnS) nanoplatelet thin films for H2 production in acidic media without any use of sacrificial reagent. P‐type SnS nanoplatelet films are coated with the n‐CdS buffer layer and the TiO2 passivation layer to form type II heterojunction photocathodes. These photocathodes with subsequent deposition of Pt nanoparticles generate a photovoltage of 300 mV and a photocurrent density of 2.4 mA cm−2 at 0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) for water splitting under simulated visible‐light illumination (λ > 500 nm, Pin = 80 mW cm−2). The incident photon‐to‐current efficiency at 0 V versus RHE for H2 production reach a maximum of 12.7% at 575 nm with internal quantum efficiency of 13.8%. The faradaic efficiency for hydrogen evolution remains close to unity after 6000 s of illumination, confirming the robustness of the heterojunction for solar H2 production.
Do Mid‐Crown Enamel Formation Front Angles Reflect Factors Linked to the Pace of Primate Growth and Development?
Authors: Guatelli‐Steinberg Debbie , Pampush James D. , O'Hara Mackie C. , Xing Song , McGraw W. Scott , Ferrell Rebecca J. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTEnamel formation front (EFF) angles represent the leading edge of enamel matrix secretion at particular points in time. These angles are influenced by rates of enamel extension (the rates at which tooth crowns grow in height), rates of enamel matrix secretion and the angles that prisms make with the enamel‐dentine junction. Previous research suggests, but has not yet established, that these angles reflect aspects of primate biology related to their pace of growth and development, most notably brain and body size. The present study tested this possibility on histological sections using phylogenetically‐controlled and Bonferroni‐corrected analyses spanning a broad taxonomic range. Ten species were represented in the analysis of anterior teeth; 17 in the analysis of posterior (postcanine) teeth (with varying sample sizes). Also, tested was the relationship of EFF angles to striae of Retzius periodicity (long period growth rhythms in enamel) and degree of folivory, as both factors are related to primate developmental rates. Finally, several analyses were conducted to investigate whether tooth size (operationalized as EDJ length) might mediate these relationships. Central results are as follows: (1) Relationships between EFF angles and brain weight (anterior teeth) and between EFF angles and body mass (anterior and posterior teeth) are statistically significant and (2) Mid‐crown EFF angles are not statistically significantly related to EDJ lengths. These results suggest that tooth size does not mediate relationships between EFF angles and brain weight/body mass and are discussed with respect to underlying enamel growth variables (especially rates of enamel extension and secretion). Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 301:125–139, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Learning Control of Robot Manipulators in Task Space
Authors: Dogan K. M. , Tatlicioglu E. , Zergeroglu E. , Cetin K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTwo important properties of industrial tasks performed by robot manipulators, namely, periodicity (i.e., repetitive nature) of the task and the need for the task to be performed by the end‐effector, motivated this work. Not being able to utilize the robot manipulator dynamics due to uncertainties complicated the control design. In a seemingly novel departure from the existing works in the literature, the tracking problem is formulated in the task space and the control input torque is aimed to decrease the task space tracking error directly without making use of inverse kinematics at the position level. A repetitive learning controller is designed which “learns” the overall uncertainties in the robot manipulator dynamics. The stability of the closed‐loop system and asymptotic end‐effector tracking of a periodic desired trajectory are guaranteed via Lyapunov based analysis methods. Experiments performed on an in‐house developed robot manipulator are presented to illustrate the performance and viability of the proposed controller.
Linking Y‐chromosomal short tandem repeat loci to human male impulsive aggression
Authors: Yang Chun , Ba Huajie , Cao Yin , Dong Guoying , Zhang Shuyou , Gao Zhiqin , Zhao Hanqing , Zhou Xianju 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionMen are more susceptible to impulsive behavior than women. Epidemiological studies revealed that the impulsive aggressive behavior is affected by genetic factors, and the male‐specific Y chromosome plays an important role in this behavior. In this study, we investigated the association between the impulsive aggressive behavior and Y‐chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y‐STRs) loci.MethodsThe collected biologic samples from 271 offenders with impulsive aggressive behavior and 492 healthy individuals without impulsive aggressive behavior were amplified by PowerPlexRY23 PCR System and the resultant products were separated by electrophoresis and further genotyped. Then, comparisons in allele and haplotype frequencies of the selected 22 Y‐STRs were made in the two groups.ResultsOur results showed that there were significant differences in allele frequencies at DYS448 and DYS456 between offenders and controls (p < .05). Univariate analysis further revealed significant frequency differences for alleles 18 and 22 at DYS448 (0.18 vs 0.27, compared to the controls, p = .003, OR=0.57,95% CI=0.39–0.82; 0.03 vs 0.01, compared to the controls, p = .003, OR=7.45, 95% CI=1.57–35.35, respectively) and for allele 17 at DYS456 (0.07 vs 0.14, compared to the controls, p = .006, OR=0.48, 95% CI =0.28–0.82) between two groups. Interestingly, the frequency of haploid haplotype 22‐15 on the DYS448‐DYS456 (DYS448‐DYS456‐22‐15) was significantly higher in offenders than in controls (0.033 vs 0.004, compared to the control, p = .001, OR = 8.42, 95%CI =1.81–39.24). Moreover, there were no significant differences in allele frequencies of other Y‐STRs loci between two groups. Furthermore, the unconditional logistic regression analysis confirmed that alleles 18 and 22 at DYS448 and allele 17 at DYS456 are associated with male impulsive aggression. However, the DYS448‐DYS456‐22‐15 is less related to impulsive aggression.ConclusionOur results suggest a link between Y‐chromosomal allele types and male impulsive aggression.