bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A developmental approach to diglossia: Bilectalism on a gradient scale of linguality
Authors: Grohmann Kleanthes K. , Kambanaros Maria , Leivada Evelina , Rowe Charley 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe cognitive benefits of bilingualism have an impact on the processing mechanisms that are active during the acquisition process in a way that results in language variation. Within bilingual populations, the notion of “language proximity” is also of key importance for deriving variation. Certain sociolinguistic factors can invest the process of language development and its outcome with an additional layer of complexity that results from the emergence of mesolectal varieties which blur the boundaries of grammatical variants. We report data on the acquisition and development of object clitic placement in the two varieties of Greek spoken in Cyprus, and on performance in executive control tasks by monolingual, bilectal, and bi-/multilingual children. Comparing findings across experiments, the present study identifies the different factors that define “bilectalism” within the greater context of multilingualism, merging sociolinguistic and neurocognitive insights about language variation and how they inform development in diglossic contexts that involve closely related varieties—a study in comparative linguality.
Ancient Doctrines of Passions: Plato and Aristotle
Authors: Iskra-Paczkowska Agnieszka , Paczkowski Przemyslaw 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The subject of this essay is a discussion of the doctrines of emotions of Plato and Aristotle. According to both them it is impossible to oust the passions from the good, i.e. happy life. On the contrary, emotions are an important component of human excellence. We investigate this question with reference to Plato’s doctrine of the soul and his concept of a perfect life, and Aristotle’s ethics, poetics and rhetoric.
The Godfather: A Translator’s and Writer’s Subconscious and Conscious Skills in the Process of Evoking Reader’s Emotions
Authors: Dziurawiec Dominika 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The article is an unyielding argument supporting the thesis that not only a writer, but also a translator is expected to use their creativity so that nothing is lost in translation. Amongst various factors that influence the process of translating a novel the article focuses on two of them: a translator should stick to the original text with taking the semantic fields differences into account while s/he should keep the atmosphere of the source language, making as little changes in the target language as possible. Marking a translator’s existence in a text is strongly connected with a perlocutionary act. A great example of the translation that covers both principles is The Godfather, written by Mario Puzo and translated from English into Polish by Bronisław Zieliński. He translated only English words into Polish, leaving the target Italian words with no metamorphosis. The article presents the effect obtained by such an action.
Presumptions in Communication
Authors: Moldovan Andrei 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In the first part of this paper I consider the Gricean account of communication, as structured by the Cooperative Principle and the four maxims. Several authors, including Jean Goodwin [10], Fred Kauffeld [17], Michael Gilbert [7], Ernie Lepore and Mathew Stone [22], among others, argue that the Gricean view of communication fails in as much as it pretends to offer an account of all such human interactions. As Goodwin and Kauffeld suggest, a more promising starting point is to consider the variety of contextually determined presumptions that we make about speakers and that we rely upon in interpreting utterances. These presumptions are established in various ways, and are dropped, or defeated, in certain conditions. In order to clarify these aspects we need to inquiry into the nature of presumptions. I argue that Kauffeld’s [18], [19], [20] account of presumptions is useful in this context. In the second part of the paper I look at what this account tells us about how, and in what conditions, presumptions in communication are rebutted.
Modeling the Optical Responses of Noble Metal Nanoparticles Subjected to Physicochemical Transformations in Physiological Environments: Aggregation, Dissolution and Oxidation
Authors: Piella Jordi , Bastús Neus G. , Puntes Víctor 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Herein, we study how optical properties of colloidal dispersions of noble metal nanoparticles (Au and Ag) are affected by processes such as aggregation and oxidative dissolution. The optical contributions of these processes to the extinction spectra in the UV-vis region are often overlapped, making difficult its interpretation. In this regard, modeling the UV-vis spectra (in particular absorbance curve, peaks position, intensity and full width at half maximum -FWHM) of each process separately offers a powerful tool to identify the transformation of NPs under relevant and complex scenarios, such as in biological media. The proper identification of these transformations is crucial to understand the biological effects of the NPs.
Lähmungen vom peripheren Typ im Gliedmaßen - bereich des Rindes
Authors: Kaiser Matthias , Brehm Walter , Starke Alexander , Kretschmar Anne 
Published: November 2016

ZusammenfassungDie zweiteilige Arbeit bietet eine Übersicht über Lähmungen vom peripheren Typ im Gliedmaßenbereich des Rindes, die bei dieser Tierart den Hauptteil aller neurologischen Erkrankungen ausmachen und meist infolge eines Traumas peripherer Nerven auftreten. Erläutert werden deren Vorkommen, Ätiologie, Diagnostik, Prognose und The rapie. Im vorliegenden ersten Teil dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden allgemeine Ursachen beschrieben und Schädigungen spezieller Nerven an Vorder- und Hintergliedmaßen im Detail dargestellt.
La movilidad en la región metropolitana de Barcelona: entre los nuevos retos y las viejas prácticas
Authors: Cebollada Angel , Miralles-Guasch Carme 
Published: November 2016

La extensión territorial de la Región Metropolitana de Barcelona (RMB) de los últimos decenios se ha producido a partir de los patrones de la especialización funcional y de baja densidad. Este modelo urbano se asocia al uso del vehículo privado. Este hecho se contradice con el reto de las políticas públicas de conseguir una pautas de movilidad sostenibles, priorizando aquellos modos de transporte menos costosos ambiental y socialmente. El presente artículo señala los impactos de las viejas prácticas de la movilidad basadas en el coche privado en los cada vez más extensos espacios suburbanos de la RMB y las herramientas disponibles para alcanzar los nuevos retos planteados de una movilidad sostenible.
Serão explicáveis os conflitos violentos em África? Notas de leitura
Authors: Medeiros Isabel 
Published: November 2016

A maior parte dos países africanos, na sequência das independências políticas, e sobretudo no período pós Guerra Fria, num contexto de crescente globalização, tem conhecido situações de turbulência política que por vezes culminaram em massacres e confrontos de grande violência. Para muitos autores as guerras civis que se desencadearam ou ressurgiram na década de 90 correspondem a um tipo “novo” de conflito, embora não seja consensual separar “novas” e “velhas” guerras. Na perspectiva do alcance da paz e da respectiva prevenção é essencial aprofundar o conhecimento das causas subjacentes a cada situação nas suas complexas e múltiplas interligações. Neste texto analisam-se diferentes posições doutrinais sobre o assunto, considerando-se em particular os casos do Sudão, da Costa do Marfim e do Uganda. Também são objecto de comentário as relações entre guerra, fome e insegurança alimentar e as de género, atendendo sobretudo à situação das mulheres combatentes.
Conhecimento, Inovação e Território
Authors: Vale Mário 
Published: November 2016

O processo de globalização e a economia do conhecimento colocam novos desafios para o desenvolvimento de cidades e regiões, em virtude do estabelecimento de novas arquitecturas organizacionais e espaciais das redes de conhecimento. Esta combinação de redes distantes e locais de conhecimento têm profundas implicações para a inovação e desenvolvimento territorial, requerendo um papel renovado da acção das instituições regionais e locais, tradicionalmente mais capacitadas para a promoção das dinâmicas de inovação localizadas. Este artigo discute precisamente as questões do buzz, proximidade e aglomeração geográfica e das redes distantes de inovação, constituindo, simultaneamente, o “pano de fundo” teórico para os artigos publicados neste número especial acerca da temática do “Conhecimento, Inovação e Território”.
Redes globais e dinâmicas regionais: explorando o desenvolvimento das tecnologias bi-combustível em São Paulo
Authors: Carvalho Luís 
Published: November 2016

Uma importante parte do trabalho recente da geografia económica tem sido dedicado a conciliar noções de “aprendizagem territorializada” com a evidência de que muitos dos esforços de criação de conhecimento e inovação de actores locais se processam cada vez mais através de redes globais. Todavia, tem sido dada menor atenção aos efeitos dinâmicos que resultam da participação de actores localizados, nomeadamente empresas, em redes globais de conhecimento e inovação. Numa perspectiva evolucionista, este artigo propõe uma conceptualização desses efeitos ao nível da empresa, das redes regionais de inovação e co-evolução institucional associada. Esta conceptualização é ilustrada com o caso do desenvolvimento do portfóliode tecnologias bi-combustível em São Paulo, Brasil.
Cartografía del permafrost de montaña en los Pirineos españoles
Authors: Serrano Enrique , Morales Carlos , González-Trueba Juan , Martín Raúl 
Published: November 2016

En este trabajo se presenta un mapa de síntesis que ofrece una visión global de la distribución del permafrost en los pirineos a escala regional. la elaboración del mapa está basada en la utilización de indicadores de permafrost (glaciares rocosos, gelifluxión, cavidades heladas, suelos ordenados, sondeos eléctricos verticales y registros térmicos de suelos) y un modelo digital del terreno (mdT) con información sobre la inclinación de las laderas y su orientación, la altitud y la radiación solar directa potencial. El mapa resultante contiene información sobre la distribución espacial del “permafrost probable” y del “permafrost posible”, una aproximación que muestra el estado actual del conocimiento sobre permafrost en los pirineos.
The International Polar Year 2007-08 and the development of portuguese research on Antarctic permafrost
Authors: Vieira Gonçalo 
Published: November 2016

portuguese Antarctic permafrost research has developed fast in the last decade. The research was initiated by the centre for Geographical Studies of the university of lisbon in the framework of a collaboration with the university of Alcalá (Spain) and the Spanish Antarctic programme in 1999. In 2007 and 2008, collaborations have extended, respectively to the bulgarian and Argentinean programmes. The critical mass has grown substantially since then and other institutions are now also involved on the research activities. The development of scientific activities was fostered by the International polar year 2007-08 and supported by funding from public and private institutions. A wide-scope education and outreach project has significantly contributed to the public and political awareness of the science programme, and a close interaction between scientists and society has developed. The main research topics are permafrost, active layer and geomorphological processes monitoring, with an emphasis on detection of climate change signals.
A climatic study of an urban green space: the Gulbenkian Park in Lisbon (Portugal)
Authors: Andrade Henrique , Vieira Rute 
Published: November 2016

Measurements of various climatic parameters were carried out in an average-sized green space in the centre of Lisbon (the Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian Park). The aims consisted of assessing the thermal differentiation between the park and the surrounding built-up area and analysing the microclimatic patterns within the park itself. The main results demonstrate that the park is cooler than the built-up area in all the seasons and both during the daytime and at night, but especially so in the daytime during the summer. The most signiﬁcant microclimatic contrasts were found to occur with respect to solar radiation and mean radiant temperature, with consequences upon the level of thermal comfort. The structure of the vegetation was also found to have a signiﬁcant microclimatic inﬂuence, since the reduction in the level of incident solar radiation brought on by the presence of groups of trees was much larger than that associated with isolated trees.
O espaço público do Marais - Paris
Authors: Machado Aquilino , André Isabel 
Published: November 2016

A inovação sócio-territorial das cidades contemporâneas forja-se, em boa medida, nos seus espaços públicos. É sobretudo aí que se produzem os meios urbanos criativos. este artigo debate a criatividade urbana ancorada no espaço público, quer enquanto recurso simbólico da identidade local, quer como lugar de encontro, de debate, de confronto de ideias e de práticas. ametáfora clássica da porta, que deverá estar sempre aberta para que seja permitida a comunicação e a interação, assume particular significado no quadro parisiense do bairro do Marais, onde o espaço público se apresenta efetivamente como a porta aberta, ou seja, como a essência do meio criativo que aí se desenvolveu. Propomos aqui uma leitura do Marais, que salienta a diversidade sociocultural e a tolerância enquanto fatores chave da produção de capital relacional e de dinamização local. falamos das intensas relações de vizinhança, estimuladas pelas caraterísticas do espaço público, pelas atividades criativas que nele se desenvolvem e pelos modos de governança que o vão configurando. Mas, referimo-nos também ao importante papel das redes sociais virtuais no fortalecimento, reconhecimento e coesão da comunidade local.
Sejarah Matematika: Alternatif Strategi Pembelajaran Matematika
Authors: Wahyu Kamirsyah , Mahfudy Sofyan 
Published: November 2016

Sejarah merupakan sumber pengetahuan. Sejarah memberikan informasi berharga terkait perkembangan di masa lampau yang mendukung kemajuan di masa sekarang. Dalam hal ini, sejarah matematika juga memberikan pengetahuan bagaimana konsep matematika berkembang. Sejarah matematika menjelaskan, sebagai contoh, bagaimana al-Khwarizmi mengembangkan metode kuadrat sempurna dalam menyelesaikan persamaan kuadrat. Melalui sejarah matematika, kerja keras para matematikawan dalam menemukan dan mengembangkan suatu konsep atau penyelesaian suatu permasalahan bisa menjadi kisah inspiratif. Pengetahuan yang diperoleh melalui sejarah matematika sangat bermanfaat untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Tulisan ini mencoba menjawab kenapa dan bagaimana penerapan sejarah matematika dalam pembelajaran melalui kajian pustaka (library research). Referensi terkait berupa ebook, artikel jurnal online dan proceedings konferensi dianalisis dengan memfokuskan pada dua hal, yaitu: manfaat sejarah matematika dalam membangun sikap positif siswa terhadap matematika; dan cara menerapkan sejarah matematika dalam pembelajaran matematika di Indonesia
Intellectual Capital and Islamic Banks Performance; Evidence from Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Setianto Rahmat Heru , Sukmana Raditya 
Published: November 2016

<p><em>This paper aims to investigate empirically the relationship between the Intellectual Capital (IC) efficiency consist of human capital, structural capital and capital employed and Islamic banks performance in Indonesia and Malaysia. We employ independent sample t-test and regression analysis focusing on the period from 2010 to 2014. The results suggest that there are significant differences in intellectual efficiency scores, where Islamic Banks in Malaysia have exhibited better VAIC</em> <em> scores as compare to that of Islamic banks in Indonesia. While the regression analysis suggest that banks with better human capital efficiency tend to exhibit higher profitability levels. Moreover, sstructural capital is not related to Islamic bank performance. The results also suggets that capital efficiency tend to exhibit higher profitability levels both in Indonesia and Malaysia. The findings may serve as a useful input for Islamic bankers to apply knowledge based management in their respective institutions and in addressing the factors affecting IC performance in order to establish priorities and develop strategic plans, which will in turn enhance their future performance to maximize their value creation. </em></p>
Parental Refusal of Childhood Vaccines and Medical Neglect Laws
Authors: Parasidis Efthimios , Opel Douglas J. 
Published: November 2016

Objectives. To examine the relation of vaccine refusal and medical neglect under child welfare laws. Methods. We used the Westlaw legal database to search court opinions from 1905 to 2016 and identified cases in which vaccine refusal was the sole or a primary reason in a neglect proceeding. We also delineated if religious or philosophical exemptions from required school immunizations were available at the time of adjudication. Results. Our search yielded 9 cases from 5 states. Most courts (7 of 9) considered vaccine refusal to constitute neglect. In the 4 cases decided in jurisdictions that permitted religious exemptions, courts either found that vaccine refusal did not constitute neglect or considered it neglect only in the absence of a sincere religious objection to vaccination. Conclusions. Some states have a legal precedent for considering parental vaccine refusal as medical neglect, but this is based on a small number of cases. Each state should clarify whether, under its laws, vaccine refusal constitutes medical neglect.
Twitter as a Tool for Health Research: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sinnenberg Lauren , Buttenheim Alison M. , Padrez Kevin , Mancheno Christina , Ungar Lyle , Merchant Raina M. 
Published: November 2016

Background. Researchers have used traditional databases to study public health for decades. Less is known about the use of social media data sources, such as Twitter, for this purpose. Objectives. To systematically review the use of Twitter in health research, define a taxonomy to describe Twitter use, and characterize the current state of Twitter in health research. Search methods. We performed a literature search in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and CINAHL through September 2015. Selection criteria. We searched for peer-reviewed original research studies that primarily used Twitter for health research. Data collection and analysis. Two authors independently screened studies and abstracted data related to the approach to analysis of Twitter data, methodology used to study Twitter, and current state of Twitter research by evaluating time of publication, research topic, discussion of ethical concerns, and study funding source. Main results. Of 1110 unique health-related articles mentioning Twitter, 137 met eligibility criteria. The primary approaches for using Twitter in health research that constitute a new taxonomy were content analysis (56%; n = 77), surveillance (26%; n = 36), engagement (14%; n = 19), recruitment (7%; n = 9), intervention (7%; n = 9), and network analysis (4%; n = 5). These studies collectively analyzed more than 5 billion tweets primarily by using the Twitter application program interface. Of 38 potential data features describing tweets and Twitter users, 23 were reported in fewer than 4% of the articles. The Twitter-based studies in this review focused on a small subset of data elements including content analysis, geotags, and language. Most studies were published recently (33% in 2015). Public health (23%; n = 31) and infectious disease (20%; n = 28) were the research fields most commonly represented in the included studies. Approximately one third of the studies mentioned ethical board approval in their articles. Primary funding sources included federal (63%), university (13%), and foundation (6%). Conclusions. We identified a new taxonomy to describe Twitter use in health research with 6 categories. Many data elements discernible from a user’s Twitter profile, especially demographics, have been underreported in the literature and can provide new opportunities to characterize the users whose data are analyzed in these studies. Twitter-based health research is a growing field funded by a diversity of organizations. Public health implications. Future work should develop standardized reporting guidelines for health researchers who use Twitter and policies that address privacy and ethical concerns in social media research.
Health and Social Conditions of the Poorest Versus Wealthiest Counties in the United States
Authors: Egen Olivia , Beatty Kate , Blackley David J. , Brown Katie , Wykoff Randy 
Published: November 2016

Objectives. To more clearly articulate, and more graphically demonstrate, the impact of poverty on various health outcomes and social conditions by comparing the poorest counties to the richest counties in the United States and to other countries in the world. Methods. We used 5-year averages for median household income to form the 3141 US counties into 50 new “states”—each representing 2% of the counties in the United States (62 or 63 counties each). We compared the poorest and wealthiest “states.” Results. We documented dramatic and statistically significant differences in life expectancy, smoking rates, obesity rates, and almost every other measure of health and well-being between the wealthiest and poorest “states” in the country. The populations of more than half the countries in the world have a longer life expectancy than do US persons living in the poorest “state.” Conclusions. This analysis graphically demonstrates the true impact of the extreme socioeconomic disparities that exist in the United States. These differences can be obscured when one looks only at state data, and suggest that practitioners and policymakers should increasingly focus interventions to address the needs of the poorest citizens in the United States.
Effects of a New State Policy on Physical Activity Practices in Child Care Centers in South Carolina
Authors: O’Neill Jennifer R. , Dowda Marsha , Benjamin Neelon Sara E. , Neelon Brian , Pate Russell R. 
Published: November 2016

Objectives. We sought to determine the extent to which child care centers in South Carolina improved physical activity practices after a new policy took effect. Methods. In 2012, South Carolina adopted new mandatory physical activity standards within its child care quality enhancement program. This quasi-experimental study used North Carolina, a state not making policy changes, as the comparison. Participants were 34 child care centers in South Carolina and 30 centers in North Carolina. Researchers used the Environment and Policy Assessment and Observation (EPAO) tool to conduct center observations before and after policy implementation and then conducted repeated-measures linear regression with interaction between state and time for the Physical Activity Environment Total Score and the 8 subscale scores. Results. Compared with centers in North Carolina, EPAO subscale scores in South Carolina centers increased significantly for the Fixed Play Environment (P < .001) and Physical Activity Training and Education (P = .015). The state-by-time interaction of Physical Activity Environment Total Score approached statistical significance (P = .06). Conclusions. Adoption of new physical activity standards in South Carolina child care centers was associated with improvements in practices aimed at increasing children’s physical activity.