bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connecting the dots between fantasy and reality: The social psychology of our engagement with fictional narrative and its functional value
Authors: Dill‐Shackleford Karen E. , Vinney Cynthia , Hopper‐Losenicky Kristin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis essay provides an overview of research and theory on narrative and its important, functional role in human experience, including the ways people use media to interrogate their own beliefs and feelings, and derive social meaning. Thought‐provoking film, television, and books can help us make meaning of our lives and grow in ways that are important for our successful social functioning. Research reviewed here demonstrates that exposure to fiction can increase empathy and social skills and reduce prejudice. Our connection to characters and stories has been studied in various ways as extensions of the self into another, while at the same time bringing the other into the self. Bringing together disparate perspectives, we propose that connecting to story worlds involves a process of “dual empathy”—simultaneously engaging in intense personal processing while also “feeling through” characters, both of which produce benefits. Because the value of entertainment narratives may not always be well understood, we explain how those experiences can be personal, social, and can serve important adaptive functions.
On friendship development and the Big Five personality traits
Authors: Harris Kelci , Vazire Simine 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that friendship should receive more attention in social/personality research. Here, we focus on our area of expertise, personality traits, and review the literature on how personality traits influence friendship formation, maintenance, and dissolution. Specifically, we examine how personality traits of the actor and partner influence friendship development (i.e., who is more likely to initiate and end friendships, and who is more likely to be the target of friendship initiation and termination). We also discuss dyadic effects, such as personality similarity, on friendship development. Throughout this review, we draw on the literature on personality and romantic relationships to identify the most important gaps in the literature on personality and friendships. Our review suggests that agreeableness has the most consistent effects on both romantic relationships and friendships, followed by neuroticism. Extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness to experience have all been shown to influence relationship development, but their effects are inconsistent. We end with a call for more research on friendship beyond the role of personality traits and suggestions for specific future directions.
Daydreaming to navigate the social world: What we know, what we don't know, and why it matters
Authors: Poerio Giulia Lara , Smallwood Jonathan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA substantial portion of daily life is spent daydreaming—that is, engaged in thought independent of, and unrelated to, goals in the external environment. We argue that this naturally occurring, unconstrained cognition is a vital, but currently underappreciated, form of social cognition that enables navigation of the social world. First, we present the results of a meta‐analysis of neuroimaging studies which illustrate the shared neural basis of daydreaming and social cognition (including regions of the anterior temporal lobes and the posterior cingulate cortex). Second, we review evidence regarding the frequency, correlates, and adaptive outcomes of social daydreaming, cumulative findings that point to the adaptive value of imaging others during this offline state. We end by encouraging cross‐fertilization between daydreaming research and domains of social psychology (goal pursuit, social interactions, and close relationships), which we hope will foster mutually beneficial directions for understanding the role that unconstrained thinking plays in social life.
Reference data enhancement for geographic information retrieval using linked data
Authors: Moura Tiago H. V. M. , Davis Clodoveu A. , Fonseca Frederico T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGazetteers are instrumental in recognizing place names in documents such as Web pages, news, and social media messages. However, creating and maintaining gazetteers is still a complex task. Even though some online gazetteers provide rich sets of geographic names in planetary scale (e.g. GeoNames), other sources must be used to recognize references to urban locations, such as street names, neighborhood names or landmarks. We propose integrating Linked Data sources to create a gazetteer that combines a broad coverage of places with urban detail, including content on geographic and semantic relationships involving places, their multiple names and related non‐geographic entities. Our final goal is to expand the possibilities for recognizing, disambiguating and filtering references to places in texts for geographic information retrieval (GIR) and related applications. The resulting ontological gazetteer, named LoG (Linked OntoGazetteer), is accessible through Web services by applications and research initiatives on GIR, text processing, named entity recognition and others. The gazetteer currently contains over 13 million places, 140 million attributes and relationships, and 4.5 million non‐geographic entities. Data sources include GeoNames, Freebase, DBPedia and LinkedGeoData, which is based on OpenStreetMap data. An analysis on how these datasets overlap and complement one another is also presented.
Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus infection in blood donors in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Crowder Lauren A. , Steele Whitney R. , Notari Edward P. , Hopkins Courtney K. , Lima Jose L.O. , Foster Gregory A. , Townsend Rebecca L. , Krysztof David E. , Dodd Roger Y. , Stramer Susan L. 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive blood donors pose a risk to blood safety. The Southeastern United States has the highest reported HIV infection rates. Here we calculate HIV prevalence, incidence, and residual risk in Southeastern US blood donors and report risk factors disclosed by incident donors in counseling sessions.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSAmerican Red Cross donation and testing data from 2009 to 2014 for three Southeastern collection regions were used to calculate HIV prevalence, incidence, and residual risk. Incident donors had a previous HIV‐negative donation within 730 days of their positive donation. Residual risk was defined as the window period multiplied by incidence.RESULTSFrom 2009 to 2014, a total of 236 HIV‐positive donors occurred in these regions for an overall prevalence of 8.3 per 100,000 donations. There were 56 incident donors over the 6‐year period with incidence decreasing from 7.1 per 100,000 person‐years (PYs) in the first two years (2009–2010) to 3.5 in the last two years (2013–2014). Residual risk decreased from 1 in 562,000 to 1 in 1,100,000. The most commonly reported risk factor behavior in male incident donors was men who have sex with men; females expressed no predominant risk factor.CONCLUSIONHIV prevalence and incidence among blood donors in the southeast are higher than other US regions, consistent with general public health surveillance. However, the overall residual risk estimates are low at less than 1 per million. Ongoing monitoring of the blood supply along with educational efforts to provide infected individuals with alternatives to donation remain important initiatives.
A Jordanian family with three sisters apparently homozygous for Mk and evidence for clinical significance of antibodies produced by MkMk individuals
Authors: Al‐Jada Nour Al‐Huda 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDThe rare MkMk phenotype is the result of a deletion of the coding regions of both GYPA and GYPB. Red blood cells (RBCs) of individuals homozygous for the rare Mk gene lack all MNS blood group antigens and have no glycophorin A or glycophorin B. This phenotype is extremely rare and only four families have been reported.CASE REPORTA 28‐year‐old woman was referred for assessment of recurrent early neonatal deaths. She was found to be apparently homozygous for Mk. With the presence of two MkMk sisters as matched donors, an intrauterine transfusion was performed to treat fetal anemia due to a strong maternal atypical antibody. Twins were delivered and subsequently transfused with RBCs from the proposita and her MkMk sisters.CONCLUSIONThis case reports the fifth family with members apparently homozygous for Mk and the second example of severe hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) due to maternal antibodies produced by MkMk individuals. It also shows the importance of intensive monitoring and management of HDFN caused by alloantibodies to RBC antigens.
An association between ABO group and HLA antibody detection
Authors: Dunbar Nancy M. , Yazer Mark H. , Bravo Marjorie D. , Kamel Hany T. , Gorlin Jed , Norris Philip J. , Williamson Phillip C. , Vassallo Ralph R. ,   on behalf of the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDUS blood centers can screen female plateletpheresis donors with a history of one or more pregnancies for both Class I and Class II anti‐HLA antibodies using one of two platforms. One is a flow‐based assay that yields a quantitative result and the other an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that yields either a positive or a negative result (above or below cutoff).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe results of HLA antibody screening tests were analyzed by donor ABO group. Results from large and small American blood collection centers using both platforms were analyzed. Positivity rates were compared by chi‐square test and the results stratified by parity using the Mann‐Whitney test.RESULTSNo differences in parity were noted among donors of different ABO groups, but a significantly higher rate of HLA antibody positivity was observed among group O donors for the ELISA (31% of group O donors vs. 21% of non–group O donors, p < 0.0001). The higher rate of positivity was primarily due to Class I reactivity. This difference in antibody frequency was not observed at centers using the flow‐based assay.CONCLUSIONCenters using the ELISA may have a higher rate of permanent deferral from plateletpheresis donation among group O female donors. Although the reasons for the higher rate of reactivity on Class I ELISA testing are unknown, this could result from test system characteristics or differences in group O donor antibody strength or specificity.
Warm hands, cold heart: progressive whole‐body cooling increases warm thermosensitivity of human hands and feet in a dose‐dependent fashion
Authors: Filingeri Davide , Morris Nathan B. , Jay Ollie 
Published: November 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Investigations on inhibitory/facilitatory modulation of vision, touch and pain show that conditioning stimuli outside the receptive field of testing stimuli modulate the central processing of visual, touch and painful stimuli. We asked whether contextual modulation also exists in human temperature integration.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Progressive decreases in whole‐body mean skin temperature (the conditioning stimulus) significantly increased local thermosensitivity to skin warming but not cooling (the testing stimuli) in a dose‐dependent fashion. In resembling the central mechanisms underlying endogenous analgesia, our findings point to the existence of an endogenous thermosensory system in humans that could modulate local skin thermal sensitivity to facilitate thermal behaviour.

Although inhibitory/facilitatory central modulation of vision and pain has been investigated, contextual modulation of skin temperature integration has not been explored. Hence, we tested whether progressive decreases in whole‐body mean skin temperature (Tsk; a large conditioning stimulus) alter the magnitude estimation of local warming and cooling stimuli applied to hairy and glabrous skin. On four separate occasions, eight men (27 ± 5 years old) underwent a 30 min whole‐body cooling protocol (water‐perfused suit; temperature, 5°C), during which a quantitative thermosensory test, consisting of reporting the perceived magnitude of warming and cooling stimuli (±8°C from 30°C baseline) applied to the hand (palm/dorsum) and foot (sole/dorsum), was performed before cooling and every 10 min thereafter. The cooling protocol resulted in large progressive reductions in Tsk [10 min, −3.36°C (95% confidence interval −2.62 to −4.10); 20 min, −5.21°C (−4.47 to −5.95); and 30 min, −6.32°C (−5.58 to −7.05); P < 0.001], with minimal changes (∼0.08°C) in rectal temperature. While thermosensitivity to local skin cooling remained unchanged (P = 0.831), sensitivity to skin warming increased significantly at each level of Tsk for all skin regions [10 min, +4.9% (−1.1 to +11.0); 20 min, +6.1% (+0.1–12.2); and 30 min, +7.9% (+1.9–13.9); P = 0.009]. Linear regression indicated a 1.2% °C−1 increase in warm thermosensitivity with whole‐body skin cooling. Overall, large decreases in Tsk significantly facilitated warm but not cold sensory processing of local thermal stimuli, in a dose‐dependent fashion. In highlighting a novel feature of human temperature integration, these findings point to the existence of an endogenous thermosensory system that could modulate local skin thermal sensitivity in relationship to whole‐body thermal states.
Adaptation of exercise‐induced stress in well‐trained healthy young men
Authors: JanssenDuijghuijsen Lonneke M. , Keijer Jaap , Mensink Marco , Lenaerts Kaatje , Ridder Lars , Nierkens Stefan , Kartaram Shirley W. , Verschuren Martie C. M. , Pieters Raymond H. H. , Bas Richard , Witkamp Renger F. , Wichers Harry J. , van Norren Klaske 
Published: November 2016

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Exercise is known to induce stress‐related physiological responses, such as changes in intestinal barrier function. Our aim was to determine the test–retest repeatability of these responses in well‐trained individuals.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Responses to strenuous exercise, as indicated by stress‐related markers such as intestinal integrity markers and myokines, showed high test–retest variation. Even in well‐trained young men an adapted response is seen after a single repetition after 1 week. This finding has implications for the design of studies aimed at evaluating physiological responses to exercise.

Strenuous exercise induces different stress‐related physiological changes, potentially including changes in intestinal barrier function. In the Protégé Study (ISRCTN14236739; www.isrctn.com), we determined the test–retest repeatability in responses to exercise in well‐trained individuals. Eleven well‐trained men (27 ± 4 years old) completed an exercise protocol that consisted of intensive cycling intervals, followed by an overnight fast and an additional 90 min cycling phase at 50% of maximal workload the next morning. The day before (rest), and immediately after the exercise protocol (exercise) a lactulose and rhamnose solution was ingested. Markers of energy metabolism, lactulose‐to‐rhamnose ratio, several cytokines and potential stress‐related markers were measured at rest and during exercise. In addition, untargeted urine metabolite profiles were obtained. The complete procedure (Test) was repeated 1 week later (Retest) to assess repeatability. Metabolic effect parameters with regard to energy metabolism and urine metabolomics were similar for both the Test and Retest period, underlining comparable exercise load. Following exercise, intestinal permeability (1 h plasma lactulose‐to‐rhamnose ratio) and the serum interleukin‐6, interleukin‐10, fibroblast growth factor‐21 and muscle creatine kinase concentrations were significantly increased compared with rest only during the first test and not when the test was repeated. Responses to strenuous exercise in well‐trained young men, as indicated by intestinal markers and myokines, show adaptation in Test–Retest outcome. This might be attributable to a carry‐over effect of the defense mechanisms triggered during the Test. This finding has implications for the design of studies aimed at evaluating physiological responses to exercise.
Potassium currents in the heart: functional roles in repolarization, arrhythmia and therapeutics
Authors: Chiamvimonvat Nipavan , Chen‐Izu Ye , Clancy Colleen E. , Deschenes Isabelle , Dobrev Dobromir , Heijman Jordi , Izu Leighton , Qu Zhilin , Ripplinger Crystal M. , Vandenberg Jamie I. , Weiss James N. , Koren Gideon , Banyasz Tamas , Grandi Eleonora , Sanguinetti Michael C. , Bers Donald M. , Nerbonne Jeanne M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis is the second of the two White Papers from the fourth UC Davis Cardiovascular Symposium Systems Approach to Understanding Cardiac Excitation–Contraction Coupling and Arrhythmias (3–4 March 2016), a biennial event that brings together leading experts in different fields of cardiovascular research. The theme of the 2016 symposium was ‘K+ channels and regulation’, and the objectives of the conference were severalfold: (1) to identify current knowledge gaps; (2) to understand what may go wrong in the diseased heart and why; (3) to identify possible novel therapeutic targets; and (4) to further the development of systems biology approaches to decipher the molecular mechanisms and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. The sessions of the Symposium focusing on the functional roles of the cardiac K+ channel in health and disease, as well as K+ channels as therapeutic targets, were contributed by Ye Chen‐Izu, Gideon Koren, James Weiss, David Paterson, David Christini, Dobromir Dobrev, Jordi Heijman, Thomas O'Hara, Crystal Ripplinger, Zhilin Qu, Jamie Vandenberg, Colleen Clancy, Isabelle Deschenes, Leighton Izu, Tamas Banyasz, Andras Varro, Heike Wulff, Eleonora Grandi, Michael Sanguinetti, Donald Bers, Jeanne Nerbonne and Nipavan Chiamvimonvat as speakers and panel discussants. This article summarizes state‐of‐the‐art knowledge and controversies on the functional roles of cardiac K+ channels in normal and diseased heart. We endeavour to integrate current knowledge at multiple scales, from the single cell to the whole organ levels, and from both experimental and computational studies.
Investigation of Hydro-Mechanical Losses in External Gear Machines: Simulation and Experimental Validation
Authors: Thiagarajan Divya , Vacca Andrea 
Published: November 2016

This paper presents a comprehensive study to estimate the total torque losses which contribute to the hydro-mechanical efficiency in external gear machines (EGMs). A study of these losses at different operating conditions is an important design factor in prototyping many positive displacement machines to achieve efficient and reliable designs.
Although semi-empirical models for the description of the steady-state behavior of positive displacement machines accounting for both volumetric and torque losses are available in literature, their fidelity is often based on the availability of reliable experimental data. In the case of EGMs, it is difficult to consider intricate operating features such as the micro-motion of the different components in these generic models. A numerical evaluation of these special features in an EGM using dedicated models for EGMs can potentially contribute to an accurate prediction of the hydro-mechanical efficiency of a given design.
In the present work, different sources of the torque losses are methodically determined for a reference EGM unit through various numerical models which were previously developed and validated in the authors’ research team. The cumulative predictions of the torque losses from the different simulation models are then validated against the corresponding measured experimental torque losses at various operating conditions for the reference EGM unit.
Development of the Independent Metering Valve Control System and Analysis of its Performance for an Excavator
Authors: Lee Jong-Chan , Jin Ki-Chang , Kwon Young-Min , Choi Lim-Gook , Choi Jae-Yoon , Lee Byung-Kyu 
Published: November 2016

As an effort to develop more efficient system for an excavator, EH (Electro-Hydraulic) system has been widely adopted to take the advantage of the well-commercialized EH valves and its control technologies[1]. Utilizing the EH technology, an innovative IMV (Independent Metering Valve) control system for an excavator mechanism, which consists of high capacity EH valve blocks, an electric-controlled pump, and a main controller unit, has been developed by Hyundai Heavy Industries Co., Ltd. This IMV control system can provide tremendous flexibility to the control of cylinder movements and reduce the energy consumption of an excavator.
In this paper, we introduce the major features of the developed IMV control system and propose the novel control algorithm considering optimal power distribution and energy saving. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed system and control algorithm is verified through various experiments conducted on an excavator equipped with the IMV control system. The results are compared with those of conventional machine. It was shown that IMV system could save the energy consumption more than 10% of an excavator.
Flow Reactions Prediction in Roto-Translating Valve Through CFD Simulations
Authors: Marani Pietro , Ferrari Cristian , Ruggeri Massimiliano 
Published: November 2016

In this work a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) analysis was applied to the design and optimization of a novel concept roto-translating (RT) valve.
A Roto-Translating valve is a spool type valve assembled to a moving sleeve. The two parts are controlled by two independent actuators and are placed inside the valve body. The valve features both basic logic functions (AND, OR), and advanced control techniques. From the safety viewpoint it offers a fail-operational characteristic thanks to operational redundancy and functional diversity. Moreover the control flexibility allows to get rid of the need of a specific spool design for each different application. One of the goals of the valve is to enhance the speed and precision achievable by the use of two concurrent actuators; for this reason it is fundamental to study the flow forces effect that could adversely affect both rotating and linear motion.
In the field of hydraulic valves design the Flow Force, generated by the acceleration of fluid flow across the metering edges, is an important phenomenon to be considered for the study of the operation and dynamics of the valve. Differently from common spool valves, in this new kind of valve two types of reaction to fluid flow are present: the Flow Force and the Flow Torque.
The first is the well-known axial Flow Force which is generated from the variation of axial component of momentum of the fluid flow and was studied by several authors. The second type of reaction can be identified as a Flow Torque, a less investigated argument. Basically the Flow Torque, equivalently to Flow Force, is linked to the variation of the component of fluid momentum, but in this case in circumferential direction and effects the mutual rotation of the two metering elements.
A complete map of operative conditions, 5 angular positions and 5 linear displacements have been investigated, simulating all the combinations of 4 different pressure ranges. This approach generates a quite large matrix of 25 results for each of the 4 working pressure conditions. For each run the pressure and velocity gradients have been recorded and the flow and torques forces have been computed. These data allow the validation of the sizing of both electric valve actuators, in order to define the operational limits of the valve in terms of pressure drop and flow rate. This activity could also inspire new solutions for a further geometric optimization of the design.