bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Stratification for Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Role of CHADS2 Score
Authors: Xu Zhi-Yuan , Avula Uma , Dong Jian-Zeng , Du Xin , Wu Jia-Hui , Yu Rong-Hui , Long De-Yong , Ning Man , Sang Cai-Hua , Jiang Chen-Xi , Bai Rong , Wen Song-Nan , Li Song-Nan , Chen Xuan , Ma Chang-Sheng , Tang Ri-Bo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study sought to explore if the CHADS2 score could predict the prognosis of PE in patients with AF. In a tertiary hospital, 4,288 consecutive patients with diagnosis of PE were screened. In total, 305 patients with PE had AF and were included in this retrospective study. In-hospital outcome was defined as at least one of the following: death from any cause, need for intravenous catecholamine administration, endotracheal intubation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or thrombolytic therapy. The in-hospital outcome occurred in 10.2% of the patients. Patients with adverse outcome had higher CHADS2 score, CHA2DS2-VASc score, and simplified pulmonary embolism severity index (sPESI) score. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.66, 0.62, and 0.71 for CHADS2 score, CHA2DS2-VASc score, and sPESI score, respectively, in predicting in-hospital outcome. The incidence of in-hospital outcome was 3.4 and 14.4% in sPESI = 0 and sPESI ≥1 groups (p < 0.01). CHADS2 also had good predictive value with the incidence of in-hospital outcome, being 4.6% in CHADS2 < 2 and 14.3% in CHADS2 ≥ 2 groups (p < 0.01). The incidences of in-hospital outcome were 2.6, 4.8, 7.4, and 17.3% in patients with sPESI = 0 and CHADS2 < 2, sPESI = 0 and CHADS2 ≥ 2, sPESI ≥ 1 and CHADS2 < 2, and sPESI ≥ 1 and CHADS2 ≥ 2 (p < 0.01), respectively. In multivariable analysis, CHADS2 (odds ratio: 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.11–2.02; p < 0.01) was an independent predictor of in-hospital adverse outcome. High CHADS2 score could predict worse in-hospital outcome in patients with PE and AF.
Primary Amelanotic CNS Melanoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Mauer Uwe , Mathieu René , Hackenbroch Carsten , Knupfer Janine , Schulz Chris , Mayer Simon 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPrimary malignant melanomas of the central nervous system (CNS) are rarely seen entities in the clinical routine. Primary amelanotic melanomas are even rarer. In our literature review, we found only six case reports of primary amelanotic CNS melanomas. Our case report describes the course of a 71-year-old man with a primary amelanotic CNS melanoma with secondary spread to the spine.
Die En bloc-Resektion von Blasentumoren (ERBT) – eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Struck J. , Kramer M. , Merseburger A. , Hartmann A. , Herrmann T. 
Published: July 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Als Limitationen der konventionellen transurethralen Resektion von Harnblasentumoren (cTURB) als Standardverfahren zur Detektion und Behandlung von nicht muskelinvasivem Blasenkrebs (NMIBC) sind Stagingfehler aufgrund unzureichender Resektionstiefe ebenso wie die intravesikale Fragmentierung der Proben, die eine histopathologische Begutachtung erschweren, bekannt. Diese Übersichtsarbeit soll die aktuelle Datenlage zur En bloc-Resektion von Harnblasentumoren (ERBT) beleuchten und das große Potenzial der Technik hervorheben.
Patienten/Material und Methoden Auswertung der relevanten, PubMed-gelisteten Originalartikel, Übersichtsarbeiten und Metaanalysen zu den Suchbegriffen „bladder cancer” und „en bloc”.
Ergebnisse Die ERBT bietet eine durchgängig hochwertige Resektionsqualität mit wechselnden Nachweisraten von Tunica muscularis in den Resektionsproben. Diese ist der Surrogatmarker der Resektionsqualität in Hinblick auf muskelinvasive Tumoren. Die ERBT kann mit allen Energiequellen, auch in Kombination (Hybridverfahren), sicher durchgeführt werden. Die aktuellen Daten zeigen, dass kein signifikanter Unterschied in Bezug auf die perioperative Morbidität im Vergleich zur cTURB besteht. In Bezug auf die Rezidivraten kann noch keine abschließende Beurteilung getroffen werden, da hier die Datenlage zum Teil kontrovers ist.
Schlussfolgerung Die ERBT hat in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die vermuteten Vorteile gegenüber der cTURB wie bessere Probenqualität und bessere histopathologische Beurteilbarkeit und damit verbessertes Staging scheinen sich für Tumoren mit einer Größe bis zu 4 cm zu bestätigen. Die Auswirkungen auf die Tumorrezidivrate bleibt Gegenstand zukünftiger Studien auf diesem Gebiet.
Fibrillationen und Faszikulationen bei der Evaluation neuromuskulärer Patienten
Authors: Pöschl Peter 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungFibrillationen und Faszikulationen spielen bei einer Vielzahl neuromuskulärer Erkrankungen eine bedeutende Rolle. Es handelt sich um unwillkürliche, spontan auftretende Muskelfaserdepolarisationen, die bei der Beurteilung neuromuskulärer Patienten eine wichtige diagnostische und differenzialdiagnostische Bedeutung haben. Neben der klinischen Beobachtung unwillkürlicher Muskelaktivität durch Inspektion stehen mit der Elektromyografie (EMG) und der Muskelsonografie diagnostische Verfahren zur Verfügung, die die Detektion dieser Aktivität erleichtern. Die Muskelsonografie kann Faszikulationen zuverlässiger erfassen als die EMG. Die Zuordnung zu einem krankhaften oder physiologischen Krankheitsbild gelingt jedoch besser mittels EMG, da diese Methode zusätzliche neurogene Veränderungen nachweisen kann. Ob Fibrillationen tatsächlich in der Muskelsonografie dargestellt werden können ist nicht sicher geklärt.
Visual and motor components of action anticipation in basketball and soccer
Authors: Urgesi Cosimo 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Time demanding sports require the ability to form anticipatory representations of on-going actions to complete missing perceptual information and anticipate timely motor responses. Compared to novices, elite athletes are endowed with unique abilities to foresee, predict and anticipate the future of opponents’ actions. In the present chapter, I use a cognitive neuroscience approach to address the issue of whether and how these superior perceptual abilities derive from athletes’ previous motor experience or visual familiarity. I discuss a series of behavioral and neuroscientific studies that have tested the role of motor and visual components of sport expertise and suggest that excellence in sports relies on complimentary and flexible use of motor and visual anticipatory models of ongoing actions, especially when facing players that attempt to fool the observer.
Intercorporeal enaction and synchrony
Authors: Allen-Collinson Jacquelyn , Hockey John 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Whilst there exists a substantial literature providing abstract theorizations of sport, there is relatively sparse ethnographic research addressing the mundane practices of actually “doing sport” and specifically, “doing sport together”. To address such lacunae, this chapter offers an in-depth, phenomenologically inspired analysis of training together for distance running as requiring finely attuned interaction and intercorporeality. Here, we focus specifically upon the sensory and interactional work we undertake, which constitutes an essential component in our experience of running-together. Employing sociological phenomenology as the theoretical framework, we draw on data from a collaborative autoethnographic project to explore and analyze in detail our various intercorporeal practices and processes, fundamental to the enaction of training-together for distance running.
Teaching bodies
Authors: Schindler Larissa 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The article is concerned with teaching and learning embodied knowledge in a martial arts class. It argues that in pair exercises of motion sequences practitioners do not only enact something together in a shared corporeality. Rather, these exercises are also communicative means. We can therefore speak of haptic communication once physical contact between bodies is made in the expectation that the other participant will understand the contact as a sign and react to it in a certain way. In martial arts classes different forms of contact between bodies are accomplished in order to create embodied experience about the movement order the students wish to learn.
Intercorporeality with imaginary bodies
Authors: v. Wedelstaedt Ulrich , Singh Ajit 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this chapter we explore the ways in which athletes and their coaches transfer bodily knowledge or alter physical performance. Using video based interaction analysis, we look into cases of trampoline and boxing training and into how imaginary elements matter in them. From there we argue that intercorporeality is not limited to flesh and resistant objects. The imaginary, as an intercorporeal element – established and operating between the participants (and not located in any single mind) – is vital for establishing or altering bodily performance. One of the central elements connecting imagination with bodily knowledge is pain, which often serves as key mediator and thus is here understood as a basic resource for interaction, rather than an individual’s perception of a bodily state.
I am and I am not Charlie
Authors: Pujante David 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this paper, I provide a theoretical and analytical approach that seeks to explain cases in which the same events can spark contrasting discourses, and therefore serious conflicts, as well as radical disagreements between social groups.
As an example of one such situation, I have chosen the terrorist shooting at the French satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo and the discourses related to it. This case will provide the paper’s main object of study and will be explored within the frame of our analytical paradigm, constructivist rhetoric, a new rhetorical paradigm which proves particularly useful when examining cases of this nature.
Media representations of recent human migrations to the United Kingdom and other Western countries
Authors: Floyd Alan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In the present study, I consider Western media discourse concerning human migration as construction. Its language is shown to be ideologically slanted to the disadvantage of migrants. Mainstream media outlets during recent decades have reported on events in such a biased and selective way that they are emplotted within a narrative where the world is divided into an in-group of “us” and an out-group of “them,” in this case of autochthonous populations and migrants, respectively. My analysis is centred on the labelling devices, metaphors and transitivity devices used in this genre. I conclude that the language so used in mainstream media outlets influences public understanding of current affairs, but that the increasing diversity of media outlets favours a trend toward greater diversity of opinion.
Critical analysis of an educational discourse practice
Authors: Gómez Francisco Vicente 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this chapter, I analyse text commentary as a construction of a discourse genre. As a critical instrument to serve both language and literature teaching, text commentary is a social practice through which political power exerts control over the production of discourses in the area of education. Within this discourse practice, a representative model of the change that took place in Spain in the 1970s is used as an example.
The analysis places the practice of commentary within the ideological practices of power and shows how society shapes a relationship with reality through its discourse about reading and understanding texts. This relationship can be either monological or dialogical. The lack of the latter is an emerging social problem.
Posthumanism and the city
Authors: Molpeceres Sara 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this paper, I discuss the underlying ideological conflict behind the concept of the “Smart City.” Sometimes naively praised and embraced as a great technological achievement, the Smart City is a very controversial concept, particularly if we interpret it within the context of posthumanist thinking, which discusses the ways in which technology may forever alter our daily lives, our bodies, our minds and, in the end, the whole identity of human beings.
Within the theoretical and analytical framework the constructivist rhetoric offers, my main goal in the paper will be a reflection on the discursive setting of both posthumanism and the Smart City, along with the analysis of a corpus of political discourses describing the “smart” concept regarding the city of Barcelona.
Cognitive frames, imaginaries and discursive constructions
Authors: Morales-López Esperanza 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this paper, I analyse the discourse construction of the “Integral Catalan Cooperative” (or CIC), a social group which emerged in Catalonia a year before the outbreak of the 15M social movement, but which became consolidated after this group pitched their tents in the Plaza de Cataluña in Barcelona. This group is developing an eco-social initiative based on a new form of cooperativism. The data were collected in spring 2014 by means of the ethnographic method of participant observation.
The analysis shows how one of the main functions of its discourses is the development of a new framework or social imaginary, the “integral revolution.” This construction is discursively supported by lexical creativity to designate the new realities they are building, lexicalised metaphors (that is, ontological image-schemas) and other exceptionally creative metaphors.
The functional nature of deictic verbs and the coding patterns of Deixis
Authors: Matsumoto Yo , Akita Kimi , Takahashi Kiyoko 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This chapter examines the nature of linguistic expressions of Deixis, which is often coded somewhat differently from other components of Path. It is argued that deictic verbs like come are not merely spatial in meaning but also functional. Results of a video-based experiment in English, Japanese, and Thai are reported. These revealed that venitive verbs tend to be used more often when the motion is not just toward the speaker but also into his/her space as defined by limits on interaction and visibility, and that they can be used for motion off the direction of the speaker if it is into the speaker’s functional space. Directional venitive PPs like toward me do not clearly have such properties. The functional nature of deictic verbs can account for the distinct coding patterns of Deixis among different Path components.
Metaphorical motion constructions across specialized genres
Authors: Caballero Rosario 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this paper I discuss the metaphorical motivation of the figurative – fictive and metaphorical – motion constructions found in architecture, wine, and tennis texts as the preliminary step to argue for the need to adopt a discourse approach to exploring fictive motion in general. My main contention is that in order to explore this phenomenon particular attention needs to be paid to the topic(s) thus predicated, the users of the metaphors (bringing in the discourse communities they belong to), and the characteristics of the discourses and genre(s) where the expressions are used.
Crossing the road or crossing the mind
Authors: Özçalışkan Şeyda , Stites Lauren J. , Emerson Samantha N. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Physical motion constitutes a key aspect of human sensorimotor experience; it also serves as an important experiential domain with which we structure abstract concepts. Moreover, speakers of different languages both talk and gesture about physical motion (e.g. Boy runs through park) in systematically different ways – a pattern of crosslinguistic variation that also applies to metaphorical extensions of motion (e.g. Idea runs through mind). Review of existing research – with methods ranging from more explicit verbal descriptions to more implicit indices of underlying mental processes, including gesture – suggests that sensorimotor experience (i.e. physical motion) and the linguistic expression of this experience in a particular language may play important roles in shaping our expression and conceptualization of more abstract concepts (i.e. metaphorical motion).
Thinking for speaking about motion in a second language
Authors: Cadierno Teresa 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The present chapter discusses Slobin’s (1996) thinking for speaking hypothesis and Talmy’s (1985, 1991, 2000) motion event typology in relation to the field of second language acquisition (SLA). The chapter is divided into four sections. After the introduction, I provide an overview of the theoretical and empirical bases of thinking for speaking in relation to the semantic domain of motion. Then, I classify previous work on motion and SLA on the basis of a series of criteria, and I review some of the main findings of this research. Finally, I suggest future lines of research in this area of investigation.
Typologies and language use
Authors: Slobin Dan I. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The study of encoding of motion events is best approached as a search for potentially interacting factors, linguistic and non-linguistic. Every language presents a cluster of typological variables. In the domain of motion events, sets of variables co-occur in at least two major patterns (verb‑ and satellite-framed). These types are idealizations of a range of diverse solutions to encoding dimensions of Path and Manner. However, the more we probe linguistic expressions of motion events, the more we uncover mixed types, indeterminate types, hybrid forms, and changes in progress. Numerous factors can act to limit or modify the expression of typological potentials – that is, patterns of language use that are predicted by the typological categorization of a language. The encoding of Path and Manner is not carried out independently of a language’s morphosyntactic and morphophonological characteristics. Data of historical linguistics, language contact, and translation are beginning to reveal interactions of factors over time. Suggestive findings demonstrate diachronic transitions between language types (with examples from Latin and Romance languages, Slavic languages, Chinese), as well as changes in the manner verb lexicon over time (English, Italian).
Cognitive problems in older adults
Authors: Craik Fergus I. M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This chapter reviews the negative effects of aging on many cognitive functions and contrasts these results with the positive effects found for bilingualism on some of these functions, notably on processes of cognitive control. Such findings prompt the question of whether bilingualism may offset the negative effects of aging on attentional control; studies providing evidence for this conjecture are then discussed. Bilingual participants typically outperform monolinguals on tasks involving working memory and executive functions, although other studies show a bilingual disadvantage on verbal tasks. Finally, it is suggested that the beneficial effects of bilingualism on cognitive aging may be restricted to bilinguals who use their two languages in particular contexts.
Does bilingual language control decline in older age?
Authors: Ivanova Iva , Murillo Mayra , Montoya Rosa I. , Gollan Tamar H. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We investigated age-related decline of bilingual language control. Thirteen older and 13 younger bilinguals performed a verbal fluency task (completing the same letter and semantic categories in each language and switching languages after every category), and a non-linguistic flanker task. In letter fluency, bilinguals produced fewer correct responses after switching languages, suggesting inhibition of the previously-used language. However, this testing-order effect did not differ between groups and older bilinguals produced few wrong-language intrusions, implying intact ability to apply inhibition in older age. In contrast, age-related deficits in the flanker task were robust, implying dissociations between language control and domain-general executive control. In semantic fluency, there were no testing-order effects but older bilinguals produced more intrusions than younger bilinguals, and more intrusions than in letter fluency. Thus, bilinguals may flexibly modulate the degree of inhibition when they can benefit from semantic priming between languages, but less efficiently so in older age.
Executive control processes in verbal and nonverbal working memory
Authors: Sullivan Margot D. , Prescott Yolanda , Goldberg Devora , Bialystok Ellen 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Studies across the lifespan have revealed modifications in executive control (EC) from bilingualism, but studies of working memory (WM), a key aspect of EC, have produced varied results. Healthy older (M = 71.0 years) and younger participants (M = 21.1 years) who were monolingual or bilingual, performed working memory tasks that varied in their demands for EC. Tasks included a star counting task, a flanker task, and a nonverbal recent probe memory task. Bilinguals performed similarly to monolinguals on the star counting task after controlling for differences in vocabulary. Monolinguals were faster than bilinguals on the flanker task with only age group differences significant for the WM manipulation. Bilinguals were faster than monolinguals on the nonverbal recent probe memory task, particularly for the condition that included proactive interference. The interpretation is that better bilingual performance in nonverbal working memory tasks is linked to the need for executive control.
History-inspired reflections on the Bilingual Advantages Hypothesis
Authors: Titone Debra , Gullifer Jason , Subramaniapillai Sivaniya , Rajah Natasha , Baum Shari 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In recent years, there has been much debate regarding the hypothesis that bilingual language experience leads to “advantages” in neurocognition, particularly, in executive control. This debate has played out most excitedly with respect to younger adults, but it has also occurred with respect to older adults, the topic of this volume. In this chapter, we reflect upon the nature of debate concerning the bilingual advantages hypothesis within our field, a debate that directly impacts both how we are viewed as scientists from the outside our field, and the message we send to the next generation of scientists within our field. We first recount the theoretical basis of the bilingual advantages hypothesis. We then reflect upon how this hypothesis relates to foundational controversies long-standing in the language sciences and offer our idiosyncratic interpretation regarding the current status of the debate. Finally, we enumerate several concluding thoughts about how our field might proceed more effectively when investigating the relationships between bilingualism and neurocognition.
Age norms and early school leaving
Authors: Vogt Kristoffer Chelsom 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
This article examines the issue of early school leaving from upper secondary education in light of life course theory on age norms. Based on existing literature, it examines how definitions of early school leaving relate to chronological age in indirect and direct ways, and thereby express historically specific norms concerning the ideal timing of events over the life course. The article suggests that by the rise of early school leaving on the international policy agenda in the 2000s, young people's pathways are increasingly measured against the academic track as ‘normal’ – the ideal of prolonged and orderly school to work transitions. Transition patterns long within the bounds of normality within vocational education, often resulting in qualifications gained later in life, may thus appear as problematic. Pupils in vocational tracks tend to follow routes that are less orderly and less standardized according to age. Early school leaving can be seen as a new form of deviance, created by the universalization of age norms that conform better to academic routes through education. The historical, conceptual and theoretical discussion in this article indicates that age norms are a seldom addressed, but potentially constraining, feature of contemporary school to work transition contexts.