bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rhizobium sp. – a Potential Tool for Improving Protein Content in Peas and Faba Beans
Authors: Šenberga Alise , Dubova Laila , Alsiņa Ina , Strauta Liene 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Legume seed inoculation prior to sowing is a well-known practice in agriculture. Nitrogen fixation, due to the symbiotic relationship between legumes and rhizobia, improves the productivity of legumes. Rhizobia strain specificity can be observed very often, leading to differences in the total protein content. In this study two faba bean cultivars (‘Karmazyn’ and ‘Bartek’) and five pea cultivars (‘Retrija’, ‘Zaiga’, ‘Lāsma’, ‘Vitra’ and ‘Bartek’) were tested using various rhizobia strains. In addition, strain effectivity was observed in four different soil types. Overall, the protein content increase was observed after seed inoculation with Rhizobium sp. Rhizobia strain and plant cultivar interaction specification was observed. Plant cultivar appeared to have a decisive role in the formation of protein content when inoculated with Rhizobium sp. From these pilot experiments, it can be concluded that, when choosing Rhizobium sp. strains for legume inoculation, soil type also should be considered. Rhizobia has the potential to be used as a commercial preparation intended for increasing legume protein content, alongside with increased legume yield; however, different rhizobia strains should be mixed together to achieve the optimal result.
Growth and Yield of 15-Year Plantations of Pine, Spruce and Birch in Agricultural Land
Authors: Daugaviete Mudrite , Lazdins Andis , Lazdina Dagnija , Makovskis Kristaps , Daugavietis Uldis 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe growth data and the potential returns from 15-year-old plantations of pinePinus sylvestrisL. (6 trial sites), sprucePicea abiesKarst L. (9 trial sites) and silver birchBetula pendulaRoth (13 trial sites), established in abandoned agricultural lands in a variety of soil types (sod calcareous, anthrosols, podzolic, podzols, gley, podzolic gley, alluvial), using the planting density 2,500 and 3,300 and also 5,000 trees/ha are analysed.For tree plantations in agricultural soils (alluvial sod-gley, gley-sod podzolic, sod-podzolic gley, typic podzol) at the survival of 80-98% the stock volume for 15-year pine is as high as 102-155 m3ha−1with the volume growth 5.72-8.94 m3ha−1per year; the same indices for spruce in agricultural soils (gley sod-calcareous, sodpodzolic, cultivated, sod-podzolic gley, alluvial sod-gley, base-unsaturated brown) are 75-98 m3ha−1and 10.26-15.76 m3ha−1, respectively. For 15-year plantation birch the mentioned indices may vary from 61 to 169 m3ha−1and from 7.54 to 29.82 m3ha−1per year. The lowest volume growth (4.66 m3ha−1per year) is for birch in heavy clay soil (gleyic sod-podzolic), the highest (29.72-29.82 m3ha−1per year) – in cultivated soils and pseudogley soil.Plantation cultivation of pine, spruce and birch in agricultural lands may by the age of 15 years yield with a profit such forest products as pulpwood, fire wood and woody biomass. The gross income gained from first commercial thinnings of plantation pine, utilizing pulpwood, fire wood and logging residue biomass, may vary from 679-2267 EUR ha−1, for spruce the same indices are 1644-3272 EUR ha−1, for birch - 683-2188 EUR ha−1.
Ageing in the Middle East and North Africa: A Contemporary Perspective
Authors: Halsall Jamie P. , Cook Ian G. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
One of the central themes in the study of population growth has been ageing. Ageing in the world’s population has grown into a dominant demographic feature in twenty-first century society. An ageing population is the result of many contributing factors including the improvement of the health care system. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in recent years has attracted much interest from scholars, policy makers and social gerontology. By applying the geographical case studies of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) this paper critically explores the issues and debates of ageing in a social policy context.
Evaluation of German Plum Selections in Latvia
Authors: Grāvīte Ilze , Kaufmane Edīte 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the suitability of growing plum cultivars and hybrids of German origin in Latvian conditions. In the trial the plum cultivars and hybrids were planted at the Latvia State Institute of Fruit Growing (now, Institute of Horticulture) in spring 2008. Six W. Hartmann genotypes (cultivars ‘Tipala’, ‘Tegera’ and ‘Haganta’, and hybrids H-5102, H-3753, and H-3690) from Hohenheim University were included in the study. Prunus cerasifera was used as rootstock. The parameters evaluated were: beginning of flowering, ripening time, average yield (kg per tree), cumulative yield (kg), and average fruit weight from 2012 to 2016, and content of soluble solids from 2014 to 2016. In addition, self-fertility was evaluated in 2015 and 2016 for three cultivars and one hybrid. The winter of 2010/2011 was unfavourable, as plum orchards and most plum cultivars in Latvia suffered winter damage, but cultivars and hybrids in the trial were without damages. Significant damages were not observed in further years. Average flowering time in the four-year period for all cultivars and hybrids was the 1st or 2nd decade of May, harvest time was from the 1st decade of August to the 3rd decade of September. The earliest was hybrid H-3690, and the latest was cv.’Haganta’. The most productive was hybrid H-3690, which gave 42 kg in the 3rd year of yield and had the most rapid rise in yields. ‘Haganta’ had the biggest fruits (50 to 60 g) and highest content of soluble solids (17-18 Brix%). Self-fertility level was 40% for ‘Tegera’, 17.4% for ‘Haganta’, 14.5% for H-3690 and 0% for ‘Tipala’. Evaluation of all analysed parameters showed that ‘Tegera’ could be recommended for Latvian growers thanks to good winter hardiness in the research period. ‘Haganta’ is recommended only for warmer regions in Latvia. Hybrid H-3690 will potentially be useful for Latvian growers.
Variability of Old Sweet Cherries Found in Slovak Regions and Their Preservation
Authors: Benková Michaela , Čičová Iveta , Benedikova Daniela , Mendel Lubomir , Glasa Miroslav 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The work is focused on the evaluation of variability of morphological and pomological characteristics of several old sweet cherries (Prunus avium L.) that were found in different Slovak regions. The experimental work has been performed during two years, 2014 and 2015. The following characteristics according to the descriptor list of subgenus Cerasus were evaluated - period of flowering and ripening, morphological characteristics of the flowers, fruit size, fruit weight, and quality parameters. The results showed high variability of evaluated accessions. From the 13 surveyed localities, the most valuable accessions were found in the locality Hornį Streda - places Čachtice, Krakovany, Nitra, and Brdárka. During the collecting expeditions, 170 accessions of sweet cherry, with fruit of the different quality were found. The most interesting accessions were grafted onto rootstocks with different intensity of growth (Prunus avium L., Prunus mahaleb L., and ‘Gisela5’). Some of the selected cherry accessions can be used for commercial growing after tests, while some of them can be used only for collection of genetic resources and as potential genitors in breeding programmes.
Allegorical Ekphrases of the Hall of Fame in Baroque Encomiums by Samuel Twardowski and Samuel Leszczyński
Authors: Krzywy Roman 
Published: August 2017

Summary
The article begins with an overview of the best known descriptions of palaces and temples in classical and Biblical literature. It is followed by a brief survey of the rhetorical rules associated with the ekphrasis of notable buildings, palaces, and other architectural wonders. After noting the importance of such description in the study of literature from classical antiquity until the Early Modern Age, the article focuses on two encomiums of the 17th century, Samuel Twardowski’s Leszczyński Palace (1643) and Samuel Leszczyński’s A Classicum of immortal Fame (1674). In both poems the encomium is fused with an allegorical ekphrasis of an imaginary Hall of Fame. While either of the two poems abounds in highly vivid descriptions, Leszczyński’s owes a great deal to the descriptive strategies and rhetoric of the elder poet. His ambition, though, was to outdo Twardowski. Leszczyński’s poetic hall with its allegories is a Baroque extravaganza, extolling not just one noble family but the glory of the Polish nation at large.
Genetic structure and diversity ofPolylepis australis(Rosaceae) tree populations from central Argentina: Implications for forest conservation
Authors: Julio N. B. , Rondan Dueñas J. C. , Renison D. , Hensen I. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWorldwide, large areas of forest are being transformed to other land cover types and the resulting fragmented populations may suffer from restricted gene flow leading to genetic pauperization and increased inbreeding. To assess the genetic constitution of fragmentedPolylepis australismountain forests of central Argentina, analyses of the structure and diversity of ISSR markers were carried out for 90 trees distributed throughout five river basins with differing degrees of fragmentation. Overall, average polymorphism (P) ranged between 87.2 and 94.9% (95% criterion) while marker diversity index (M) varied between 0.35 and 0.39; values which are comparable with other wind-pollinated tree species. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that most genetic variation occurred within river basins (97.8%), with only a little occurring between river basins (2.2%; ΦST= 0.02). In addition, Mantel’s test indicated thatP. australisdoes not follow the usual pattern of isolation by distance; instead the UPGMA method showed that trees from the two most degraded river basins formed a group while trees from the three better preserved basins formed another. As such, either effective pollen flow has maintained high levels of genetic diversity, or present day genetic variability is a remnant of a recently fragmented ancestral panmictic population. We conclude that, at present, genetic degradation inP. australispopulations of central Argentina is not as important as ecological degradation – such as soil loss, intensive browsing by livestock or increased frequencies of wildfires, and that genetic variability is still fully available for forest restoration.
Genetic variation in tree growth, stem form and mortality of Guazuma crinita in slower- and faster-growing plantations in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Weber J. C. , Sotelo Montes C. , Cornelius J. , Ugarte J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Guazuma crinita is an important timber tree with a rotation age of 6–12 years in the Peruvian Amazon. A provenance/progeny test containing 200 families from seven locations (provenances) in the Aguaytía watershed of Peru was established in three zones in the Aguaytía watershed that differ in mean annual rainfall and soil fertility. Farmers managed the replications as plantations. Replications were divided into two groups at 24 months: faster- and slower-growing plantations. The faster-growing plantations were thinned at 32 months. The objectives of this paper are to determine if genetic variation in growth traits (tree height, stem diameter) is relatively greater in the faster-growing plantations, and if there are significant differences in tree mortality and stem bifurcations among provenances and families at 24, 36 and 48 months. Variation due to provenances and families and heritability of growth traits were consistently greater in the faster-growing plantations. At 48 months, heritability of growth traits was about twice as large in the faster- than in the slower-growing plantations. There were no significant interactions between zones and either provenances or families. Tree mortality and stem bifurcations in the faster-growing plantations generally did not differ significantly among families, but did differ significantly among provenances. Based on these results and considering its rotation age, we recommend that G. crinita families/trees could be selected at 48 months in the faster-growing plantations, the plantations could be transformed into seed orchards and the seed could be used for reforestation throughout the Aguaytía watershed. Results are compared with other tropical hardwoods.
The effectiveness of phenotypic selection in natural populations: a case study from the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Cornelius J. P. , Montes C. Sotelo , Ugarte-Guerra L. J. , Weber J. C. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Phenotypic selection is commonly used in agroforestry, both in genetic improvement and as a component of “good practice” in seed collection. In the first case, the aim is to secure genetic gain. In the second case, selection is used to ensure that seed supplies meet given minimum quality standards, or that poor quality sources are avoided. Here we examine the effectiveness of phenotypic selection in natural forest stands of the Amazonian timber and multipurpose tree Calycophyllum spruceanum Benth.. We ask (a) whether mothertrees with high estimated annual height and diameter increments had faster growing progeny than mothertrees with low values; (b) whether forked mother-trees tended to have higher proportions of forked progeny than unforked trees; (c) whether spatially isolated mother-trees tend to produce slower growing progeny than mother-trees growing together with conspecifics. In each case, we found no evidence of differences between the respective groups. We offer explanations for these findings and discuss their implications for tree improvement and seed collection.
Strong Genetic Control of High Wood Specific Gravity in Young Progenies ofPinus brutia: Potential of Early Selection for Industrial Plantations
Authors: Yildirim K. , Öztürk H. , Siklar S. , Balkiz O. D. , Kaya Z. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo increase quality and amount of wood production in Turkish red pine (Pinus brutiaTen.), genetic control of wood specific gravity (WSG), tracheid length and growth traits was investigated in Ceyhan1A progeny trial by evaluating 168 families originated from six clonal Turkish red pine seed orchards. Wood samples were taken by destructive sampling during the rouging of this trial at the age of seven. Differences among the 168 families for mean WSG was large (ranged from 0.35 to 0.62), as indicated by high individual (0.42±0.07) and family mean (0.55±0.03) heritabilities. Family differences and high heritabilities were also observed for all growth traits and tracheid length. Genetic correlations between WSG and growth traits were insignificant (near zero), while low and insignificant negative phenotypic correlations among the same traits were also observed. Predicted genetic gain for single trait selection at age of seven was low for WSG (0.37%), but substantial for stem volume (8.4%) in phenotypic seed orchards. However, the first generation clonal seed orchards consisting of the best 30 clones yielded higher genetic gains (5.2% for WSG and 35% for stem volume). These preliminary results suggest that selection for wood characteristics and growth traits in Turkish pine could be practiced at early ages for short rotation (about 30 years) in industrial plantations.
Eucalyptus fastigata: its current status in New Zealand and breeding objectives for the future
Authors: Kennedy S. K. , Dungey H. , Yanchuk A. D. , Low C. B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEucalyptus fastigatais currently the most promising species of eucalypt planted in New Zealand due to its better disease resistance and wood machinability. A breeding programme forE. fastigatawas established in New Zealand in 1979 with the planting of a progeny/provenance trial series containing material collected from native Australian provenances and 2ndgeneration local land race material from New Zealand and South African populations. A second series containing additional Australian and South African material was planted in 1994.Landrace material from New Zealand did not perform well compared to Australian and South African populations, suggesting early introductions to New Zealand originated from poor seed sources and/or suffered from inbreeding. Analysis of these trials has provided base genetic parameters for this species providing direction for the next generation of the breeding programme. Predicted genetic gains of 15% for tree form and diameter for the 1979 series, and gains of 8% for diameter and 12% for malformation for the 1994 series, indicate the potential for increases in both tree form and growth rate.
Ensaio sobre a cegueira: uma leitura sob a ótica da responsabilidade e dos símbolos
Authors: Silva Ulisses Coelho da , Silva Aline Conceição Job da 
Published: August 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir representações dos personagens em relação à simbologia bíblica localizada no texto Ensaio sobre a cegueira (1995), de José Saramago, aproximando-os de personagens históricos conforme citações apresentadas no seu desenvolvimento. Através da discussão entre os símbolos semióticos, a ideia de distopia e de responsabilidade, a reflexão de certos comportamentos dos personagens remetem a passagens bíblicas, de modo a gerar uma chave de leitura que considere tais parâmetros.Palavras-chave: Ensaio sobre a cegueira; Saramago; símbolo; ética; responsabilidade
Heteromeric channels formed by TRPC1, TRPC4 and TRPC5 define hippocampal synaptic transmission and working memory
Authors: Bröker‐Lai Jenny , Kollewe Astrid , Schindeldecker Barbara , Pohle Jörg , Nguyen Chi Vivan , Mathar Ilka , Guzman Raul , Schwarz Yvonne , Lai Alan , Weißgerber Petra , Schwegler Herbert , Dietrich Alexander , Both Martin , Sprengel Rolf , Draguhn Andreas , Köhr Georg , Fakler Bernd , Flockerzi Veit , Bruns Dieter , Freichel Marc 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCanonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels influence various neuronal functions. Using quantitative high‐resolution mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that TRPC1, TRPC4, and TRPC5 assemble into heteromultimers with each other, but not with other TRP family members in the mouse brain and hippocampus. In hippocampal neurons from Trpc1/Trpc4/Trpc5‐triple‐knockout (Trpc1/4/5−/−) mice, lacking any TRPC1‐, TRPC4‐, or TRPC5‐containing channels, action potential‐triggered excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were significantly reduced, whereas frequency, amplitude, and kinetics of quantal miniature EPSC signaling remained unchanged. Likewise, evoked postsynaptic responses in hippocampal slice recordings and transient potentiation after tetanic stimulation were decreased. In vivo, Trpc1/4/5−/− mice displayed impaired cross‐frequency coupling in hippocampal networks and deficits in spatial working memory, while spatial reference memory was unaltered. Trpc1/4/5−/− animals also exhibited deficiencies in adapting to a new challenge in a relearning task. Our results indicate the contribution of heteromultimeric channels from TRPC1, TRPC4, and TRPC5 subunits to the regulation of mechanisms underlying spatial working memory and flexible relearning by facilitating proper synaptic transmission in hippocampal neurons.
Amifostine does not protect thyroid cancer cells in DNA damaging in vitro models
Authors: Klubo-Gwiezdzinska Joanna , Costello John , Jensen Kirk , Patel Aneeta , Tkavc Rok , Van Nostrand Douglas , Burman Kenneth D , Wartofsky Leonard , Vasko Vasyl 
Published: August 2017

Background
Amifostine is a potent scavenger of reactive oxygen species that is used for the salivary gland protection during therapy with radioactive iodine for thyroid cancer. There are no data on the potential effect of amifostine on thyroid cancer cells.

Methods
We investigated the effects of the active form of amifostine (WR-1065) on the response of thyroid cancer cells to treatment with DNA-damaging agents. WR-1065 was examined in human thyroid cancer cell lines (FTC133, TPC1, BCPAP and C643) and embryonic fibroblast cells NIH3T3. DNA damage was induced by exposure to H2O2 (0.1 mM), by treatment with the radiomimetic neocarzinostatin (NCS 250 ng/mL) and by γ-radiation (6 Gy). DNA damage, cell viability and apoptosis were examined.

Results
We demonstrated the selective action of WR-1065 (0.1 mM), which prevented oxidative stress–induced DNA damage in fibroblasts, but did not protect thyroid cancer cells from DNA damage and apoptosis documented by caspase-3 and PARP cleavage after exposure to H2O2, NCS and γ-radiation. Prolonged exposure to WR-1065 (0.1 mM for 24 h) was toxic for thyroid cancer cells; this treatment decreased the number of viable cells by 8% in C643 cells, 47% in TPC cells, 92% in BCPAP cells and 82% in FTC 133 cells. The cytotoxic effects of WR-1065 were not associated with induction of apoptosis.

Conclusions
Our data show that amifostine has no protective effect on thyroid cancer cells against DNA-damaging agents in vitro and suggest that amifostine will not attenuate the efficacy of radioiodine treatment in patients with thyroid cancer.
A morte prematura de um jovem
Authors: Novaes Netto Arsenio Firmino 
Published: August 2017

Em setembro de 1889, juntamente com a fundação do Granbery, ocorreu a criação do Seminário Teológico, posteriormente, Faculdade de Teologia. Os graduados recebiam bolsas de estudo para a Emory University, na Candler School of Theology, em Atlanta/Georgia/USA. Muito bem preparados, assumiam o pastorado, a direção de escolas e de órgãos da nascente Igreja Metodista.Em julho de 1896, a Junta de Educação, com base em relatórios dos colégios “Piracicabano, Mineiro, de Petrópolis, do Rio de Janeiro e do Granbery, recomendou que representante deste último visitasse as seis escolas paroquiais existentes naquele tempo, modelando-as segundo a repartição primária do Granbery” (ANUÁRIO BRASILEIRO, 1895-1896, p.38). É provável ter sido esta uma das primeiras indicações oficiais da Conferência Anual da Missão Brasileira da Igreja Metodista Episcopal do Sul, sobre a conveniência de se criar um organismo destinado ao aperfeiçoamento do pessoal das instituições metodistas de educação.
As categorias de evidencialidade em Wanano (Tukano Oriental)
Authors: Stenzel Kristine 
Published: August 2017

Este artigo descreve o sistema de marcação da evidencialidade, complexo e tipologicamente interessante, do Wanano, uma das dezesseis línguas da família Tukano Oriental, faladas no noroeste amazônico. A morfologia verbal em Wanano é bastante rica e inclui marcação obrigatória de modalidade oracional, organizada em quatro categorias principais pelas quais afirmações, perguntas e falas ‘orientadas’ são gramaticalmente indicadas. O subsistema de modalidade oracional mais complexo é o sistema de evidencialidade, que marca (primariamente) afirmações no modo realis. Minha análise explora a semântica básica – baseada em fonte de informação/evidência – das cinco categorias de evidencialidade: RELATADA, VISUAL, NÃO-VISUAL, INFERÊNCIA e SUPOSIÇÃO. Exemplifica, também, as extensões semânticas de algumas categorias a outras situações e aponta áreas de sobreposição semântica. Coloca questões ligadas à relação entre marcação de evidencialidade e a expressão de valores epistêmicos, bem como à relação entre a marcação de evidencialidade e os conceitos de realis/irrealis. Mostra que as categorias de evidencialidade em Wanano exprimem valores epistêmicos e que uma das categorias ocupa um território de fronteira entre os domínios do realis e do irrealis.
The Causative Construction in Waimiri Atroari
Authors: Bruno Ana Carla 
Published: August 2017

Em Waimiri Atroari são observados dois tipos de construções causativas: um em que a causativização é morfologicamente marcada com o sufixo -pì, geralmente com a interpretação semântica “causar alguém fazer algo” ou “fazer algo sem resistência”. O outro tipo de construção com uma leitura de “deixar/permitir que faça” onde o sufixo – pì, não ocorre.