bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Evaluation of Aldehyde Derivatives of Sulfonyl Chloride Quinoxaline
Authors: Goyal Rakesh , Sharma Mukesh , Ahuja Dharmendra , Jain Anurekha 
Published: September 2024

In pyrazine mesomeric interaction between the protonated & neutral nitrogen atoms probably destabilizes the cation.N, N’-diprotonation is very easier for pyrazine Synthesis of 2, 3-diphenylquinoxaline by phenylene-diamine in 16 ml of rectified spirit was added & combine solution was warm in water bath for 30 min. added water until slight colorless persist & allow to cool recrystallize the product in ethanol. Synthesis of 2, 3-diphenylquinoxaline 7-sulfonylchloride (R) using chlorosulfonic acid under ice-cold condition, then Synthesis of 2-hydroxyphenyl-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline-7-sulphonate(R1) throughresorcinol with 3ml pyridine & sulphonyl chloride derivative, Synthesis of 2-formylphenyl-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline-7-sulphonate(R7)obtained by reaction of salicylaldehyde with pyridine & sulphonyl chloride derivative then Synthesis of 3-formylphenyl-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline-7-sulphonate(R9) obtained by heating on water bath mixture of3-hydroxybenzaldehyde with pyridine & sulphonyl chloride, Synthesized quinoxaline derivatives were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by well diffusion method against gram positive (S.aureus, 2079) and gram negative bacteria (E. coli, 2685). The results of quinoxaline derivatives in terms of zone of inhibition recorded. MIC of quinoxaline derivative was determined by tube micro dilution technique against S. aureus and E. coli. The turbidity was measured by UV at about 420 nm. Hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and 1, 1 diphenyl 2, picryl hydrazyl Method (DPPH) calculated and Most of the derivatives have shown comparable antioxidant activity in relation to standard Ascorbic acid and DPPH.
Keywords: QSAR, Sulfonyl Chloride Quinoxaline, Ant-microbial, Antioxidant
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Nanoresveratrol in B16 Melanoma Cell Line
Authors: Arora Reena , Parkash Chander 
Published: September 2024

Resveratrol, a member of the stilbene family, is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound in grapes and other botanicals. It carries a potential to prevent or treat several chronic diseases, including cancers. Despite various promising health benefits, including chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic benefits against cancer, clinical translation of resveratrol is hampered due to its poor bioavailability, solubility and stability. Here we present the study to prepare nano-formulation of resveratrol for improving the resveratrol profile. Calcium phosphate loaded nanoresveratrol has been synthesized, characterized and its anti-proliferative effects were examined in a B16 murine melanoma cell line. The anti-cancer effects of nanoresveratrol were directly compared with free resveratrol and chemotherapy drug 5-FU. Nanoresveratrol induced apoptosis in B16 melanoma more efficiently as compared to resveratrol alone and 5 FU. A nuclear staining profile following Hoechst staining of B16 cells is indicative of apoptosis and shows that the anti-cancer effect of nanoresveratrol is due to apoptosis induction. Since antioxidant activity is a hallmark of resveratrol, we also measured the biochemical antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase antioxidant enzymes. We found that, concurrent with the anti-cancer activity, the antioxidant activity of nanoresveratrol increased. Collectively, these findings clearly show that nanoresveratrol is superior to free resveratrol in suppressing cell growth in B16 murine melanoma cell line, and that the anti-cancer activity is primarily through apoptosis induction.
Keywords: Resveratrol, Nanoresveratrol, Formulation, B16 cell line, Cancer, Melanoma, Chemopreventive, Chemotherapeutic
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Ethosomal Gel of Acyclovir for the Treatment of Herpes Zoster
Authors: Shukla Kavita Verma , Sharma Anamika , Yadav Monika 
Published: September 2024

The present study is to develop and evaluate an ethosomal gel formulation of acyclovir (ACV). It aims to provide a topical treatment for many viral infections that affect the skin. Administration of medications topically having the facility of delivering a high concentration of the drug to the skin than would be possible with systemic therapy. Topical administration of drugs is better for local action and the efficiency of the topically administered drug is increased with liposome, proliposomes and ethosomes. Recently, it was found that ethosomal carriers were phospholipid vesicular systems having relatively high concentrations of alcohol, enhances dermal and transdermal delivery of both lipophilic as well as hydrophilic molecules. ACV is the common antiviral agent that is used to treat infections caused by certain types of viruses. It treats cold sores around the mouth (caused by herpes simplex), shingles (caused by herpes zoster) and chickenpox. ACV 5% cream is used for the treatment of infection along with oral dosage forms like tablets. These formulations show poor therapeutic outcome due to the poor bioavailability (15-20%) of oral dosage forms. Ethosomes were formulated using phospholipid, ethanol, polyethylene glycol and purified water by cold method. Ethosomes were evaluated for vesicle size, shape, optical microscopy, entrapment efficiency and in-vitro release study. AEF5 have better drug entrapment efficiency than the other formulation. The best formulation (AEF5) was used to prepare gel by using carbopol 934 as a gelling agent. The ethosomes were entrapped in gel matrix of carbopol 980 in different concentration 0.5%, 1.00% and 1.5% w/w. FT-IR studies revealed no interaction between the drug and excipients. The formulated gel formulation was evaluated with parameter pH, viscosity, spreadability, in-vitro release test, washability, extrudability study and stability studies. The formulation AEG2 have better in-vitro drug release profile which contains carbopol 980 concentration 1%w/w. The present work also focuses on making the formulation more pharmaceutically acceptable.
Keywords: Acyclovir, Ethosomal gel, Viral infections, Phospholipid, % Entrapment efficiency, Vesicle size
To Study Analgesic, Hypoglycemic and Hepatoprotective Activity of Moringa olefera Leaf Extract in Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Aboobecker S.P.A. , Bajpai Anurag , Srivastava R.K. , Tewari Reshu , Hooda M.S. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Moringa oleifera is widely found in Asian subcontinent and it has been used as an Analgesic, Hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective in Indian folklore medicine. In this study we compared the Analgesic, Hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective effects of Moringa oleifera ethanolic extracts with other standard drug in Albino Wistar Rats.
Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were divided into 5 groups and administered placebo (saline), diclofenac and 3 groups of Moringa Oleifera using 100mg/Kg, 200mg/Kg and 400mg/kg doses for Analgesic Activity. On the other hand, 30 Albino Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups of six each and administered placebo (saline), Liv-52 (standard) and 3 groups of Moringa Oleifera using 100mg/Kg, 200mg/Kg and 400mg/kg doses for hepatoprotective activity. In addition, the test leaf extracts preparations of Moringa oleifera [100, 200 and 400 mg], were administered for 21 days orally to the rats of respective groups by using oral feeding tube for Hypoglycemic activity.
Results: The highest Tail flick latency period was observed in Group 2 and Group 5 at 120 min. At all-time of point, the tail-flick latency period differed significantly between the extract and Aspirin treated Groups being greater in the Group 2. Comparing different doses of the extract revealed that there is positive relationship between reaction time and increase dose of the extract in which, protection against heat application with 400 mg /kg was significant compared to all doses of the extract. Whereas, Rats treated with ethanolic Leaf extract of Moringa Oleifera (100/200/400 mg/kg, orally once daily) for 21days, the SGOT values (242.66 ± 11.63 IU/L, 242.66 ± 11.63 IU/L, 242.66 ± 11.63 IU/L) were significantly lower (P<0.05), (P<0.05), (P<0.01) when compared to SGOT levels in control rats (265 ± 4.75 IU/dl). Rats treated with ethanolic Leaf extract of Moringa Oleifera (100/200/400 mg/kg, orally once daily) for 21days,
Conclusion: Ethanolic extracts of Moringa Oleifera leaves exhibits significant Analgesic, Hypoglycemic and hepatoprotective activity in a dose dependent manner.
Keywords: Analgesic, Hypoglycemic, Hepatoprotective, Moringa oleifera
Examining the contributing factors of virtual event quality toward event satisfaction among attendees
Authors: Nordin Azzura , Maon Siti Noorsuriani , Dzulkipli Mohd Redhuan , Anuar Annurizal 
Published: September 2024

Due to the rising acceptance of virtual events, more empirical studies are needed to determine factors influencing attendees’ satisfaction. It is crucial to comprehend the essential factors determining the quality of virtual events as the virtual world continues to define the future of event experiences. Given these considerations, event planners may create and deploy virtual experiences meeting the diverse needs and preferences of the attendees. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of virtual event quality dimensions on the level of event satisfaction among the attendees. A cross-sectional study was undertaken by administering a survey instrument to collect response data from participants in virtual events. There were 124 valid responses obtained for data analysis. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using IBM SPSS version 28. The study findings revealed that there was a statistically significant relationship between the quality of virtual event factors and event satisfaction among the attendees. The results of regression analysis indicated that vividness (p=0.016), functionality (p=0.003), entertainment (p=0.029), fulfillment (p=0.037), privacy (p=0.037), and social presence (p=0.001) were found to be significant predictors of event satisfaction. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of considering several factors of event quality, particularly in planning and implementing virtual events. Event organizers can enhance attendees’ satisfaction through the use of more immersive and substantial virtual experiences, by focusing on attributes such as vividness, functionality, entertainment, fulfillment, privacy and social presence.
The Role of Management Control System in Mitigating Corruption: The Levers of Control Perspective
Authors: Haron Noor Hasniza , Alias Norhayati , Tuan Mat Tuan Zainun , Mohd Ali Mazurina , Johan Noraini 
Published: September 2024

A Management Control System (MCS) is a comprehensive mechanism organizations can use to ensure that their strategies and plans are effectively implemented to achieve their objectives. This concept paper explores the application of Management Control Systems (MCS), specifically concerning levers of control (LOC), for behavioral control. Based on the comprehensive literature review, it is expected that LOC will be able to provide a pathway to mitigate corruption not only from the perspective of fraud diamond theory but also from the perspective of agency theory. Agency theory highlights the inherent conflict of interest between agents, who have more information about their actions and intentions, and principals, who rely on agents to act in their best interest. This information asymmetry creates opportunities for agents to engage in corrupt practices, such as embezzlement, bribery, or fraud, including unethical behavior that may undermine organizational goals and trust. Effective control mechanisms are essential to mitigate these risks and ensure alignment between agents' actions and principals' objectives. Furthermore, organizations can apply the principles of fraud diamond theory when creating an effective control framework to deter corruption.
Generating synthetic identifiers to support development and evaluation of data linkage methods
Authors: Lam Joseph , Boyd Andy , Linacre Robin , Blackburn Ruth , Harron Katie 
Published: September 2024

We aimed to develop a framework for generating synthetic identifier datasets to support development and evaluation of data linkage methods. We evaluated whether replicating associations between attributes and identifiers improved the utility of the synthetic data for assessing linkage error.
We determined the steps required to generate synthetic identifiers that replicate the properties of real-world data collection. We generated synthetic versions of a large United Kingdom cohort study (the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children), according to the quality and completeness of identifiers recorded over several waves of the cohort. We evaluated the utility of the synthetic identifier data in terms of assessing linkage quality (false matches and missed matches).
Comparing data from two collection points in ALSPAC, we found within-person disagreement in identifiers (differences in recording due to both natural change and non-valid entries) in 18% of surnames and 12% of forenames. Rates of disagreement varied by maternal age and ethnic group. Synthetic data provided accurate estimates of linkage quality metrics compared with the original data (within 0.13-0.55% for missed matches and 0.00-0.04% for false matches). Incorporating associations between identifier errors and maternal age/ethnicity improved synthetic data utility.
Replicating dependencies between attribute values (e.g. ethnicity), values of identifiers (e.g. name), identifier disagreements (e.g. missing values, errors or changes over time), and their patterns and distribution structure enables generation of realistic synthetic data that can be used for robust evaluation of linkage methods.
Our framework provides a novel and generalisable mechanism for developing and benchmarking record linkage algorithms.
Development of a framework to facilitate a data assembly plan for multi-regional research
Authors: Anis Ali , Whyte Carrie-Anne , La Carmen , Ethier Jean-François , McGilchrist Mark 
Published: September 2024

A network of organizations works together to facilitate multi-regional research across Canada. This network is streamlining the traditionally burdensome data access process, a major part of which is a project’s data assembly plan (DAP). A framework is proposed for the development of a DAP usable by researchers and multiple data centres across Canada.
The network of 13 provincial/territorial and pan-Canadian data centres collaborated to understand variations in data request processes and local requirements. During this collaboration, partners used an iterative approach to review local forms, processes, and undertake consultations with the research community, and to identify critical components of the DAP.
In April 2022, the network launched the centrally provisioned, standardized DAP form, which to date has been deployed by approximately five projects. Users have found the DAP’s unique aggregation and documentation capabilities particularly helpful. Overall, the preliminary feedback from researchers has been positive. The DAP has allowed aggregation of specific details about a project’s data requirements: cohort definition(s), data extraction(s) and analytical plans, in a single unified form.
The DAP is an important component in streamlining the process for requesting data from multiple provinces/territories, organizations, and data sources. The DAP has ensured consistency across the network’s data centres that are providing data, supporting data linkage, and helping safeguard the quality of analytical results. Further process improvements are anticipated to address user experience feedback and to promote quality research.
Spatial variation of healthcare resource use in Wales following the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Osborne Timothy , Bailey Rowena , Mizen Amy , Fry Richard 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic caused significant disruption to healthcare services and changed patterns of healthcare resource utilisation in Wales, but the geographic variation of this disruption is not known.
Objective/Approach We aimed to examine geo-spatial variation in the impact of the pandemic on healthcare service use, and identify socio-demographic and environmental factors associated with the geographical differences.
We accessed and linked individual electronic healthcare records within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank.
We calculated age-sex standardised rates of interactions across 1909 small areas in Wales, from January 2017 to December 2022. We compared rates in the 3 years pre-COVID (2017-2019) to the following 3 years (2020-2022) and investigated if spatial autocorrelation of results existed, using the Moran’s I test.
We linked area-level characteristics and carried out Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) analysis to understand the socio-demographic and environmental characteristics associated with ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ spots of healthcare resource use.
Results We included 1,277,532 individuals with 7,502,485 healthcare service interactions related to a long-term condition.
Across the 1909 small areas in Wales, we observed large variations in age-sex standardised rates of healthcare interactions. Area-level general practice and hospital admission rates decreased by a median of 22%, and 13.1% respectively, from 2017-2019 to 2020-2022. The change in general practice rates were more significantly spatially autocorrelated than the change in hospital admission rates.
Spatially varying relationships between healthcare resource use and area-level characteristics such as income deprivation, travel time to general practice/hospital, have been analysed using GWR (results to be finalised).
Conclusions/Implications We have found that the COVID-19 pandemic impacted population level healthcare resource use in some areas of Wales more than others. Identifying the underlying characteristics causing these differences will help inform policy to provide targeted services to areas and subgroups of the population.
Democratising data within a data-driven research centre: Examining the role of public engagement and involvement
Authors: Nelson Elizabeth 
Published: September 2024

Over the last decade there has been an increasing focus on utilising government-held data for large-scale data linkage research projects, with an emphasis on public benefit.
Most, if not all, administrative data research initiatives will recognise public involvement and engagement (PI&E) as a cornerstone of research and emphasise that administrative data is essentially public data, and, therefore, that publics must have a say in how it is used. Much of this focuses on engaging with communities and their representative organisations.
What is less explicitly discussed is the role that data-driven research plays within a broader public realm that is increasingly driven by data, or datafied.
This paper will examine the ways in which PI&E both challenges and contributes to the datafication of society, through the work of the Administrative Data Research Centre Northern Ireland (ADRC NI), part of ADR UK. It will explore if – and how – PI&E in administrative data research can play a role in democratising this datafied society.
The paper will use the Northern Ireland Public Data Panel (NIPDP) and the Voices of Young People in Care (VOYPIC) initiative as case studies to explore the ways in which ADRC NI successfully or unsuccessfully create sites of democratisation within the data ecosystem.
Finally, the paper will consider how to amplify the democratic benefits of PI&E in data-driven research while minimising any potential harms, in the form of a potential framework for data justice within PI&E in data-driven research.
Leveraging Machine Learning to Combat Missingness and Error in Data
Authors: Phillips Beverley , Witowski Philip , Sulaiman Windra , Ismail Adam , Sipthorp Mark , Williams Sharon 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivePoor quality data confounds efforts to link clients across datasets. To combat this, we have trialed an approach which seeks to identify linkage candidates using associations with related services. We utilised a machine learning (ML) approach to query linkage candidates’ dataset associations and make predictions about whether candidates are likely to be a client of the service being integrated for linkage.
ApproachUtilizing a K-nearest neighbors algorithm, we trained a model using 15 variables to predict whether a linkage candidate is a client of a family service dataset. We then evaluated the model's success, and modified its native performance to minimise false positive matches. Subsequently, we tested the validity of these predictions as linkage criteria by employing blocking strategies and linking the service dataset to our linkage spine. The trained model was then used to identify correct links against the spine.
ResultsThe evaluation of the machine learning model yielded promising results, with high accuracy (88.5%) and precision (95.5%). Testing the predictions as linkage criteria resulted in highly accurate links ranging from 96.0% to 98.7% across different blocking strategies. Despite some records failing to establish any links to the spine, rates of false positive matches remained low (0.7% to 3.1%).
ConclusionMissingness and inaccuracy in data remains a key problem for data linkage, and a robust approach is required to resolve complex linkage cases. However, these findings suggest that machine learning can present novel options for a toolbox of many approaches to link problem records to a linkage spine.
Creating a population-wide Desirable Health Service Utilisation Indicator using linked health and administrative data
Authors: Doel Harri , Griffiths Lucy , Fry Richard , Johnson Rhodri , Turner Samantha , Lyons Ronan , Lyons Jane 
Published: September 2024

Background and ObjectiveHealthcare research faces challenges in developing metrics that resonate with the general public or policymakers. We created a Desirable Health Service Utilisation Indicator (DHSUI) to address this gap, centred around New Year’s wishes for survival and non-occurrence of undesired events in the following year, for the population of Wales, UK, following discussions with policy-makers.
MethodsWe accessed and linked individual electronic healthcare records from primary and secondary care sources within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. The study used data for all Welsh General Practice registered individuals on the 1st January 2015 with follow-up until residency break, death, or 31st December 2022. The DHSUI was calculated per person per year and quantified the distribution of the population who survive calendar years and do not use selected health services (not admitted to hospital; no emergency department attendance; and not prescribed antibiotics, analgesics, or mental health drugs). We linked area level demographic data to measure socio-economic differences in DHSUI distribution.
ResultsFocussing on 2022, a population of 2,668,977 people were included, with 1,150,347 (43%) identified as meeting the indicator. The proportion of desirable health decreased significantly with age and with increasing socio-economic deprivation. A higher proportion of males (50%) had desirable health compared to females (37%). The most prevalent sub-indicator among those with undesirable health was antibiotic prescriptions accounting for 52% of cases.
ConclusionThis DHSUI indicator is easy to interpret and will assist policymakers and the public in understanding the magnitude and distribution of desirable healthcare utilisation.