bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Means vs ends: theorizing a definition of human resource development
Authors: Wang Greg G. , Werner Jon M. , Sun Judy Y. , Gilley Ann , Gilley Jerry W. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the extant human resource development (HRD) definition research literature and theorizes a new definition of HRD.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors adopted keyword and content analyses to examine selected 32 HRD definitions in relation to different organizational and sociopolitical contexts base on theory development criteria and methodology for definition research.

Findings
From a theoretical perspective, the extant definitions were mostly empirical descriptions of HRD practice with conceptualization being absent. From a context perspective, the definitions were based on HRD phenomena indigenous to the western world, especially the USA and Western Europe. They can hardly explain HRD phenomena in a non-western context. The glaring gaps lead to theorizing a new definition by focusing on the hard core of HRD in defining and criterial attributes. The defining attribute of HRD is its host-system-dependence, and the criterial attributes are its shaping and skilling mechanisms.

Research limitations/implications
This study unveils that HRD is a means to support the ends defined by the corresponding host system, and not an end in itself. This definition is applicable to different sociopolitical, cultural, and organizational contexts. It provides clear criteria and boundaries to gauge the relevance of HRD research and shows the unique identity of HRD, thus offering new directions to expand the landscape of HRD research.

Practical implications
The new definition can help human resources practitioners better understand the role and mechanism of HRD that the worldwide practitioners can resonate in various sociocultural and political contexts. Communicating the definition and goals of HRD will enhance internal clients’ understanding and appreciation of the value of HRD.

Originality/value
This study fills important research gaps in HRD definition research. It is the first HRD definition derived through a rigorous theory development process. The new definition connects the HRD research niche to the general human resource literature and lead to new HRD research.
Impact of Crude Oil Quality on the Refining Conditions and Composition of Nutraceuticals in Refined Palm Oil
Authors: Sampaio Klicia A. , Ayala Jose Vila , Van Hoed Vera , Monteiro Simone , Ceriani Roberta , Verhé Roland , Meirelles Antonio J. A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPalm oil is the major vegetable oil used worldwide due to its unique properties. The effect of crude palm oil acidity on the final free fatty acids (FFA) content, neutral oil loss (NOL), and nutraceutical compounds, such as carotenes, total tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols), squalene, and phytosterols was investigated. A central composite design was employed to study the influence of the refining conditions: temperature (200 to 260 °C), steam percentage (0.5% to 3.5%), and initial FFA content (2.2% to 6.0%) on the quality of the refined product. The results revealed that initial palm oil acidity is a statistically important parameter to obtain commercially acceptable values for final FFA content. The increase of temperature presented the most important effect on the reduction of all nutraceutical compounds. The highest tocopherols (88%), phytosterols (98%), and squalene retention (84%) was obtained when applying the mildest temperature (200 °C). From the experimental results, 3 equations were generated enabling the prediction of the free fatty acids content, the tocols content, and the losses of neutral oil. Therefore, this work contributes to the understanding and optimization of the process for the production of palm oil with high nutraceutical quality and low free fatty acid contents.
Testing for spatial market integration: evidence for Colombia using a pairwise approach
Authors: Iregui Ana María , Otero Jesús 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe examine the extent of spatial market integration in Colombia using consumer price index data for 153 consumer goods in 13 cities. An econometric analysis of the time‐series properties of all the possible city price differentials reveals that market integration tends to occur more frequently in unprocessed food products, as opposed to processed foods, other traded and nontraded products. The results also support the view that, except for nontraded products, the speed at which prices adjust to the long‐run equilibrium is slower for cities that are farther apart.
Commodity price bubbles and macroeconomics: evidence from the Chinese agricultural markets
Authors: Li Jian , Chavas Jean‐Paul , Etienne Xiaoli L. , Li Chongguang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article investigates the links between commodity price bubbles and macroeconomic factors, with an application to the agricultural commodity markets in China from 2006 to 2014. Price bubbles are identified using a newly developed, recursive right‐tailed unit root test. A Zero‐inflated Poisson model is used to analyze the factors contributing to bubbles. Results show that (a) there were speculative bubbles in most Chinese agricultural commodity futures markets during the sample period, though their presence was infrequent; (b) economic growth, money supply, and inflation have positive effects on bubble occurrences, while interest rates have a negative effect; and (c) among all macroeconomic factors considered, economic growth and money supply have the greatest impact in triggering bubbles. Our findings shed new light on the nature and formation of bubbles in the Chinese agricultural commodity markets.
Asthma in the elderly and late‐onset adult asthma
Authors: Dunn R. M. , Busse P. J. , Wechsler M. E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractElderly asthmatics are at a higher risk for morbidity and mortality from their asthma than younger patients. There are important age‐related physiologic and immunologic changes that complicate the presentation, diagnosis, and management of asthma in the aged population. Evidence suggests that elderly asthmatics are more likely to be underdiagnosed and undertreated. Additionally, elderly patients with asthma have highest rates of morbidity and mortality from their disease than younger patients. The underlying airway inflammation of asthma in this age group likely differs from younger patients and is felt to be non‐type 2 mediated. While elderly patients are underrepresented in clinical trials, subgroup analysis of large clinical trials suggests they may be less likely to respond to traditional asthma therapies (ie, corticosteroids). As the armamentarium of pharmacologic asthma therapies expands, it will be critical to include elderly asthmatics in large clinical trials so that therapy may be better tailored to this at‐risk and growing population.
Prognosis‐Based Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty After Resection of Proximal Humeral Malignancy
Authors: Chen Chao‐Ming , Wu Po‐Kuei , Tsai Shang‐Wen , Chen Cheng‐Fong , Chen Wei‐Ming 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAfter wide excision of proximal humeral bony malignancy, prognosis‐based reconstruction was performed at Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Bone prosthesis composite (BPC) was carried out among patients with a favored prognosis, while cement‐spacer prosthesis composite (CSPC) was preserved for patients with poor prognosis. The aim of our study is to compare the clinical outcomes between the BPC and CSPC reconstruction procedures. From January 2000 to December 2014, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical outcomes of 34 patients who underwent shoulder hemiarthroplasty following wide excision of a malignant lesion of the proximal humerus, 15 of whom were treated with a BPC reconstruction and 19 cases were treated with a CSPC reconstruction. The mean postoperative follow‐up was 51.9 months for the BPC group and 29.0 months for the CSPC group. At the end of the study, four patients (two in the BPC group and two in the CSPC group) developed local recurrence. Thirteen patients (1 in the BPC group and 12 in the CSPC group) had died of disease progression. The postoperative visual analogue scale score of BPC and CSPC groups was similar (P = 0.262). Functional outcome, measured using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score and shoulder range of motion, favored the BPC procedure (P < 0.001). The CSPC procedure, however, had less complication rate, required less operative time, and had a lower volume of intraoperative blood loss than the BPC procedure (P < 0.001). Although functional outcomes are expected to be more favorable with a BPC procedure, the CSPC procedure continues to be a safe and cost‐effective shoulder hemiarthroplasty procedure for patients with low‐demanding activities and when a poor disease prognosis is expected.
Mechanisms Involved in Hypersensitivity Reactions to Polysulfone Hemodialysis Membranes
Authors: Rodríguez‐Sanz Aranzazu , Sánchez‐Villanueva Rafael , Domínguez‐Ortega Javier , Fiandor Ana‐María , Ruiz María‐Paz , Trocoli Filomena , Díaz‐Tejeiro Rafael , Cadenillas Carlos , González Elena , Martínez Virginia , López‐Trascasa Margarita , Quirce Santiago , Selgas Rafael , Bellón Teresa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSeveral cases of patients with anaphylactic or systemic hypersensitivity reactions to polysulfone (PS) hemodialysis (HD) membranes and tolerance to cellulose triacetate (CTA) membranes have recently been reported. To investigate the mechanisms involved in PS hypersensitivity, basophil, T cell, and complement activation were analyzed in acute‐phase samples from two patients with systemic reactions to PS‐based membranes. Basophil and T cell activation, as well as higher serum tryptase levels were detected in acute‐phase samples compared with basal levels. Complement levels (C3 and C4) were decreased in acute‐phase samples from PS‐allergic patients to a higher extent than in samples from control donors taken at the same time points, indicating complement activation during the acute reactions. An experimental external circuit was established on pediatric membranes after rinsing with low or high priming volumes of saline solution, to analyze basophils, T cells, and complement activation in blood samples from 10 PS‐allergic and 8 nonallergic HD patients upon contact with PS‐based or CTA membranes. Predialysis and postdialysis samples were collected. Basophils from PS‐allergic patients exhibited increased degranulation, and T cells showed significantly increased activation after contact with PS‐based membranes primed with low volumes of saline. No activation was detected in leukocytes from nonallergic patients under the same experimental conditions. Membrane priming with high volumes of saline abrogated activation of basophils and T cells. However, basophils from allergic donors showed significantly higher responses to Fcεc stimulation after contact with PS membranes. Basophil degranulation and elevated serum tryptase levels in allergic patients during acute reactions support the systemic activation of mast cells and basophils during hypersensitivity reactions to PS‐based membranes. A leachable component of the membranes might be responsible for cell activation in some patients.
The membrane‐type estrogen receptor G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor suppresses lipopolysaccharide‐induced interleukin 6 via inhibition of nuclear factor‐kappa B pathway in murine macrophage cells
Authors: Okamoto Mariko , Suzuki Takuto , Mizukami Yoichi , Ikeda Teruo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe female sex hormone estrogen exerts anti‐inflammatory effects. The G‐protein‐coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has been recently identified as a novel membrane‐type estrogen receptor that can mediate non‐genomic estrogenic effects on many cell types. We previously demonstrated that GPER inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha‐induced expression of interleukin 6 (IL‐6) through repression of nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) promoter activity using human breast cancer cells. Although several reports have indicated that GPER suppresses Toll‐like receptor‐induced inflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages, the molecular mechanisms of the inhibition of cytokine production via GPER remain poorly understood. In the present study, we examined GPER‐mediated inhibition of IL‐6 expression induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in a mouse macrophage cell line. We found that the GPER agonist G‐1 inhibited LPS‐induced IL‐6 expression in macrophage cells, and this inhibition was due to the repression of NF‐κB promoter activity by GPER. G‐1 treatment also decreased the phosphorylation of inhibitor of κB kinases. Among the mitogen‐activated protein kinases, the phosphorylation of c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) was increased by G‐1. These findings delineate the novel mechanism of the inhibition of LPS‐induced IL‐6 through GPER‐activated JNK‐mediated negative regulation of the NF‐κB pathway in murine macrophage cells, which links anti‐inflammatory effects to estrogen.
Dietary rice improves growth performance, mucosal enzyme activities and plasma urea nitrogen in weaning piglets
Authors: Yagami Kazuki , Takada Ryozo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated the nutritional functions of rice for weaning piglets. Sixteen weaning piglets with an average initial weight of 7.2 kg were divided into two groups. One group was fed a corn‐soybean meal based diet, and the other was fed a rice‐soybean meal based diet, containing 50% corn and rice, respectively. A 2 weeks growth trial was conducted and growth performance, intestinal mucosal enzyme activities and plasma urea nitrogen were measured. The average daily gain in rice‐fed piglets was significantly higher than that in corn‐fed piglets and the average daily feed intake tended to be higher in rice‐fed piglets than in corn‐fed piglets. Maltase and aminopeptidase activities (mol/g tissue) in the jejunum in rice‐fed piglets were significantly higher than those in corn‐fed piglets, although these enzyme activities were not different in the duodenum. Sucrase and dipeptidyl peptidase IV activities in the two groups were not different in either the duodenum or jejunum. Although the feed (nitrogen) intake was higher in rice‐fed piglets, the plasma urea nitrogen in rice‐fed piglets was significantly lower (P = 0.006) than that in corn‐fed piglets. These results indicate that rice is a good alternative feedstuff for the diet of weaning piglets.
Choir singing and creative writing enhance emotion regulation in adults with chronic mental health conditions
Authors: Dingle Genevieve A. , Williams Elyse , Jetten Jolanda , Welch Jonathon 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesAdults with mental health conditions commonly experience difficulties with emotion regulation which affect their social functioning. Arts‐based groups provide opportunities for shared emotional experiences and emotion regulation. This study explores emotion regulation strategies and the emotional effects of arts‐based group participation in adults with mental health problems and in controls.Design and methodThe 62 participants included 39 adults with chronic mental health problems who were members of arts‐based groups (ABG) and 23 comparison choir (CC) members who were not specifically experiencing mental health problems. The repeated measures design included self‐reports of emotion upon waking (T1), the hour before group (T2), end of the group (T3), and evening (T4), as well as participant notes to explain their emotion ratings at each time. They also completed measures of individual and interpersonal emotion regulation.ResultsThe ABG participants engaged marginally more in affect worsening strategies than CC (p = .057 and .08), but there were no other group differences. All participants reported a significant increase in positive emotions, F (3, 180) = 28.044, p < .001, = .319; and a decrease in negative emotions during the arts‐based activity: F (2.637, 155.597) = 21.09, p < .001, = .263. The influence on positive emotions was short‐lived, while the effect on negative emotions lasted until evening.ConclusionFindings show that participation in arts‐based groups benefits the emotions of both healthy adults and those experiencing mental health conditions through individual and interpersonal processes.Practitioner points

Individuals with chronic mental health conditions often experience difficulties in emotion processing

Participation in arts‐based groups was associated with significant increases in positive emotions although these were short‐lived

Negative emotion was significantly decreased during arts‐based group activities, and sustained to the evening assessment

Adults with chronic mental health conditions were equally able to derive emotional benefits as healthy adults
Investigating the origins of political views: biases in explanation predict conservative attitudes in children and adults
Authors: Hussak Larisa J. , Cimpian Andrei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that political attitudes are influenced by an information‐processing factor – namely, a bias in the content of everyday explanations. Because many societal phenomena are enormously complex, people's understanding of them often relies on heuristic shortcuts. For instance, when generating explanations for such phenomena (e.g., why does this group have low status?), people often rely on facts that they can retrieve easily from memory – facts that are skewed toward inherent or intrinsic features (e.g., this group is unintelligent). We hypothesized that this bias in the content of heuristic explanations leads to a tendency to (1) view socioeconomic stratification as acceptable and (2) prefer current societal arrangements to alternative ones, two hallmarks of conservative ideology. Moreover, since the inherence bias in explanation is present across development, we expected it to shape children's proto‐political judgments as well. Three studies with adults and 4‐ to 8‐year‐old children (N = 784) provided support for these predictions: Not only did individual differences in reliance on inherent explanations uniquely predict endorsement of conservative views (particularly the stratification‐supporting component; Study 1), but manipulations of this explanatory bias also had downstream consequences for political attitudes in both children and adults (Studies 2 and 3). This work contributes to our understanding of the origins of political attitudes.
Left ventricular mechanics are affected in children with celiac disease: A study based on two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography
Authors: Deveci Murat , Uncuoğlu Aydoğan Ayşen , Altun Gürkan , Kayabey Özlem , Tuğral Okan , Babaoğlu Kadir 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundAn association between cardiomyopathy and celiac disease has been reported, but not frequently. We examined the effects on cardiac mechanics in children with celiac disease (CD) by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE).MethodsEighty‐one children with CD were compared with a control group comprising 51 healthy children by echocardiographic examination. Children with CD who had been on gluten‐free diet for more than 6 months were divided into two different groups: group 1 was positive for serum antitissue transglutaminase antibody (n=48), and group 2 was negative for serum antitissue transglutaminase antibody (n=33). Cardiac functions were evaluated in all children using conventional echocardiography, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), and 2DSTE methods.ResultsFor children with CD, the mean age and male:female ratio were 10.1±4.0 years and 26/55 (67% female), respectively, which did not differ from the controls. Patients were diagnosed at a mean age of 7.9±4.1 years, and the mean follow‐up time was 2.37±2.98 years. Conventional echocardiography and TDI measurements did not differ between groups. The left ventricular longitudinal and radial strains, and strain rate values were significantly lower in patients with CD, particularly in those with positive antitissue transglutaminase antibody compared with the control group.ConclusionsOur results suggest that 2DSTE is superior to conventional and TDI echocardiography for evaluating subclinical carditis in children with CD.
Hepatic CXCL16 is increased in gallstone accompanied with liver injury
Authors: Zhang Saisai , Zhang Wei , Shi Lihua , Xie Anqi , Shao Yihui , Ye Yanna , Pan Xuebo , Lin Zhuofeng , Li Xiaokun , Zhang Yi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between circulating soluble C‐X‐C chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) levels and clinical characteristics of gallstone.Methods93 subjects including 53 subjects with gallstone, 25 subjects with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and 40 control subjects were recruited. All gallstone subjects underwent ultrasounds to confirm the gallstone patients. Serum CXCL16 levels and other clinical and biochemical parameters in all subjects were obtained based on standard clinical examination methods. Liver tissues from patients with gallstone undergoing cholecystotomy and healthy subjects were also used to determine the hepatic CXCL16 profiles by IHC staining and real‐time quantitative PCR.ResultsSerum CXCL16 levels were significantly increased in patients with gallstone and NAFLD as compared to healthy controls (P < 0·001). Hepatic CXCL16 mRNA and protein levels were also significantly increased in gallstone patients following with elevation of hepatic triglycerides and free fatty acid concentration, as compared to those in healthy subjects (P < 0·001). Otherwise, serum CXCL16 levels positively correlated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) and direct bilirubin (P < 0·05), but negatively with total protein and albumin after adjustment with age and gender. Multiple stepwise regression analyses indicated that CXCL16 was independently associated with AST, NAFLD and albumin (P < 0·05, respectively).ConclusionsSerum CXCL16 levels are significantly increased in patients with gallstone, and are independently associated with liver injury in Chinese population, suggesting that CXCL16 may be a biomarker of liver injury in subjects with gallstone or NAFLD.
What Is ‘The Meaning of Our Cheerfulness’? Philosophy as a Way of Life in Nietzsche and Montaigne
Authors: Lanier Anderson R. , Cristy Rachel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRobert Pippin has recently raised what he calls ‘the Montaigne problem’ for Nietzsche's philosophy: although Nietzsche advocates a ‘cheerful’ mode of philosophizing for which Montaigne is an exemplar, he signally fails to write with the obvious cheerfulness attained by Montaigne. We explore the moral psychological structure of the cheerfulness Nietzsche values, revealing unexpected complexity in his conception of the attitude. For him, the right kind of cheerfulness is radically non‐naïve; it expresses the overcoming of justified revulsion at calamitous aspects of life through a reflective, higher‐order affirmative attitude. This complex notion of cheerfulness turns out to have roots in Montaigne himself, and it must (according to both philosophers) be thought of as a kind of second nature cultivated through practice, as a kind of second nature. Understanding the meaning of cheerfulness thereby sheds light on the conception of philosophy as a way of life in both Nietzsche and Montaigne.