bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interação e interatividade em blogs de ensino de língua portuguesa sob a perspectiva dos multiletramentos
Authors: Dornelles Clara , Camargo Borges Acosta Joana D'Arc 
Published: February 2016

<p>Com a entrada das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TICs) no espaço escolar, surge a possibilidade de se utilizar várias ferramentas no ambiente virtual para desenvolver os multiletramentos. Neste trabalho, procuramos investigar, sob uma perspectiva qualitativa e interpretativista, como os professores estão utilizando os blogs para o ensino de Língua Portuguesa e como ocorre a participação dos alunos nesse contexto digital. Através da análise de blogs recentemente produzidos por professores de ensino fundamental e médio, buscamos refletir e discutir sobre a articulação entre o letramento escolar e osmultiletramentos(SIGNORINI, 2012),pelo viés dainteração, participação (Goffman, 1998; OLIVEIRA; LUCENA FILHO, 2006) e interatividade (Santaella, 2008). Os resultados da pesquisa apontam que muitas das práticas de letramento escolar migram para os blogs de ensino de língua portuguesa, e que a participação dos alunos somente ocorre quando o professor conduz a construção de um espaço propício aos multiletramentos, em que todos exercem papéis importantes.</p><p> </p>
Gramática e identidade (greco-)romana: o caso do “prefácio” de prisciano às institutiones grammaticae (séc. VI d.C)
Authors: Fortes Fábio Da Silva 
Published: February 2016

<p><span>A epístola de Prisciano a Juliano, que prefacia as edições modernas das <em>Institutiones grammaticae</em> (séc. VI d.C.), oferece interessantes aspectos do projeto discursivo desenvolvido pelo gramático latino em seu tratado gramatical. Entre eles, destaca-se o fato de o gramático evocar os autores gregos – e não os latinos – como os modelos que se pretende seguir. Embora a obra de Prisciano seja uma gramática cuja língua a ser descrita fosse o latim – e não o grego – entre os autores de tratados gramaticais citados, estão, por exemplo, os autores gregos Apolônio Díscolo (séc. II d.C.) e Herodiano (séc. III d.C.), enquanto não havia menção específica a qualquer autor latino – nem mesmo aos consagrados Varrão (séc. I a.C.) e Donato (séc. IV d.C.). Neste artigo, apresentamos uma avaliação dessa epístola, considerando, por um lado, sua relação com as <em>Institutiones grammaticae</em> em seu contexto de produção e destacando, por outro, o papel da memória discursiva e da <em>imitatio</em> como importantes elementos na elaboração de um discurso de afirmação de uma identidade cultural greco-romana, que se realiza, tanto pela retomada dos aspectos técnicos da gramática grega de Apolônio Díscolo, quanto pela releitura crítica desse legado, diante da tradição latina.</span></p><p><span> </span></p>
Avaliação em EAD: fortalecendo a aprendizagem com diários de bordo
Authors: Heemann Christiane , Townsend Elisa Correa Santos 
Published: February 2016

<p> </p><p><span><span style="font-size: medium;">A avaliação integra o processo de ensino e aprendizagem e sempre possui espaço para discussão nos processos de ensino, exigindo preparo técnico e capacidade de observação por parte dos envolvidos. Na visão de Perrenoud (2004), a avaliação da aprendizagem é um processo mediador na construção do currículo e se encontra relacionada intimamente à gestão da aprendizagem por parte dos alunos. Os métodos de avaliação ocupam um espaço bastante importante no conjunto de práticas pedagógicas, pois avaliar não pode ser um ato que expresse somente um conceito formal e quantitativo. Na Educação a Distância (EAD), a avaliação formativa também precisa ser priorizada e assim evitar a avaliação tradicional realizada por meio de testes de múltipla escolha e com autocorreção. A utilização de diários de bordo na EAD mantém como foco de avaliação o processo e não somente o produto, configurando-se como uma orientação permanente de aprendizagem, tanto para o professor como para o aluno, que assumem, solidariamente, compromissos recíprocos. Este artigo relata uma experiência realizada com diários de bordo em um curso de graduação a distância pela Universidade Aberta do Brasil como forma de avaliação formativa em EAD. </span></span></p><p> </p>
Letramento literário e prática de leitura
Authors: Tiba Rádis Baptista Lívia Márcia 
Published: February 2016

<p>Resenha de livro:</p><p> </p><p>COSSON, Rildo<em>. Círculos de leitura e letramento literário</em>. Contexto, São Paulo, 2014. </p>
Divergent adherence estimates with pharmacokinetic and behavioural measures in the MTN‐003 (VOICE) study
Authors: van der Straten Ariane , Brown Elizabeth R , Marrazzo Jeanne M , Chirenje Michael Z , Liu Karen , Gomez Kailazarid , Marzinke Mark A , Piper Jeanna M , Hendrix Craig W ,   on behalf of the MTN‐003 VOICE Protocol Team for the Microbicide Trials Network
Published: February 2016

IntroductionIn the Microbicide Trial Network MTN‐003 (VOICE) study, a Phase IIB pre‐exposure prophylaxis trial of daily oral or vaginal tenofovir (TFV), product adherence was poor based on pharmacokinetic (PK) drug detection in a random subsample. Here, we sought to compare behavioural and PK measures of adherence and examined correlates of adherence misreporting.MethodsWe included participants with PK and behavioural data from VOICE random subsample. Behavioural assessments included face‐to‐face interviews (FTFI), audio computer‐assisted self‐interviewing (ACASI) and pharmacy‐returned product counts (PC). TFV concentrations <0.31 ng/mL in plasma (oral group) and <8.5 ng/swab in vaginal group were defined as “PK non‐adherent.” Logistic regression models were fit to calculate the combined predictive ability of the behavioural measures as summarized by area under the curve (AUC). Baseline characteristics associated with over‐reporting daily product use relative to PK measures was assessed using a Generalized Linear Mixed Model.ResultsIn this random adherence cohort of VOICE participants assigned to active products, (N=472), PK non‐adherence was 69% in the oral group (N=314) and 65% in the vaginal group (N=158). Behaviourally, ≤10% of the cohort reported low/none use with any behavioural measure and accuracy was low (≤43%). None of the regression models had an AUC >0.65 for any single or combined behavioural measures. Significant (p<0.05) correlates of over‐reporting included being very worried about getting HIV and being unmarried for the oral group; whereas for the vaginal group, being somewhat worried about HIV was associated with lower risk of over‐reporting.ConclusionsPK measures indicated similarly low adherence for the oral and vaginal groups. No behavioural measure accurately predicted PK non‐adherence. Accurate real‐time measures to monitor product adherence are urgently needed.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00705679
Semipolar InGaN/GaN nanostructure light-emitting diodes on c-plane sapphire
Authors: Rishinaramangalam Ashwin K. , Nami Mohsen , Fairchild Michael N. , Shima Darryl M. , Balakrishnan Ganesh , Brueck S. R. J. , Feezell Daniel F. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The fabrication of electrically injected triangular-nanostripe core–shell semipolar III–nitride LEDs (TLEDs) is demonstrated using interferometric lithography and catalyst-free bottom-up selective-area metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). This alternative approach enables semipolar orientations on inexpensive, c-plane sapphire substrates, in comparison with planar growth on free-standing GaN substrates. Transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveal nonuniform quantum well thickness and composition, respectively, as a function of location on the triangular stripes. The broad electroluminescence spectra, wavelength shift with increasing current density, and nonlinear light vs current characteristics are well correlated with the observed quantum-well nonuniformities.
Formation of accurate 1-nm gaps using the electromigration method during metal deposition
Authors: Naitoh Yasuhisa , Wei Qingshuo , Mukaida Masakazu , Ishida Takao 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We investigate the origin of fabricated nanogap width variations using the electromigration method during metal deposition. This method also facilitates improved control over the nanogap width. A large suppression in the variation is achieved by sample annealing at 373 K during the application of bias voltages for electromigration, which indicates that the variation is caused by structural changes. This electromigration method during metal deposition for the fabrication of an accurate 1-nm gap electrode is useful for single-molecule-sized electronics. Furthermore, it opens the door for future research on integrated sub-1-nm-sized nanogap devices.
Thermally stable Ti/Al-based ohmic contacts to N-polar n-GaN by using an indium interlayer
Authors: Kim Sung Ki , Han Jae Chun , Seong Tae-Yeon 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The electrical properties of In/Ti/Al/Au contacts to N-polar n-GaN (n
d = 5 × 1018 cm−3) for high-power vertical light-emitting diodes were investigated at various thicknesses of the In layer, and compared with those of Ti/Al/Au contacts. Before annealing, both the Ti/Al/Au and In/Ti/Al/Au contacts were ohmic. After annealing at 300 °C for 1 min, all of the samples exhibited some degradation of their electrical properties, although the In/Ti/Al/Au samples were more thermally stable. After annealing at 300 °C for 60 min, the Ti/Al/Au contacts became non-ohmic, while the In (5 nm)/Ti/Al/Au contacts remained ohmic with a contact resistivity of 2.6 × 10−4 Ω cm2. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that, for all of the samples, annealing caused an increase in the content of interfacial oxygen. Based on the XPS and electrical results, the annealing dependence of the electrical characteristics of In/Ti/Al/Au contacts are described and discussed.
Effects of afterpulse events on performance of entanglement-based quantum key distribution system
Authors: Arahira Shin , Murai Hitoshi 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we theoretically and experimentally study the performance of an entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) system using single-photon detectors (SPDs) with poor afterpulse characteristics. We reveal that the afterpulse fraction (P
a) in an SPD does not impose a bound on the lowest limit of the error rate in sifted keys of an entanglement-based QKD system. Secure secret key sharing is possible even when P
a is large, for example, exceeding 100%. The system performance in terms of the final key rate is found to be dominated by the parameter η/(1 + P
a) of the SPD, where η is the detection efficiency. The operation conditions of the SPD should be optimized so as to have the maximal η/(1 + P
a), while retaining sufficiently low dark counts. The experimental results were in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. A visibility of 90%, which is sufficiently high for secure secret key sharing in a QKD protocol, was obtained in twofold interference experiments even by using an SPD with P
a exceeding 100%.
Monogenean anchor morphometry: systematic value, phylogenetic signal, and evolution
Authors: Khang Tsung Fei , Soo Oi Yoon Michelle , Tan Wooi Boon , Lim Lee Hong Susan 
Published: February 2016

Background.Anchors are one of the important attachment appendages for monogenean parasites. Common descent and evolutionary processes have left their mark on anchor morphometry, in the form of patterns of shape and size variation useful for systematic and evolutionary studies. When combined with morphological and molecular data, analysis of anchor morphometry can potentially answer a wide range of biological questions.Materials and Methods.We used data from anchor morphometry, body size and morphology of 13Ligophorus(Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) species infecting two marine mugilid (Teleostei: Mugilidae) fish hosts:Moolgarda buchanani(Bleeker) andLiza subviridis(Valenciennes) from Malaysia. Anchor shape and size data (n= 530) were generated using methods of geometric morphometrics. We used 28S rRNA, 18S rRNA, and ITS1 sequence data to infer a maximum likelihood phylogeny. We discriminated species using principal component and cluster analysis of shape data. Adams’sKmultwas used to detect phylogenetic signal in anchor shape. Phylogeny-correlated size and shape changes were investigated using continuous character mapping and directional statistics, respectively. We assessed morphological constraints in anchor morphometry using phylogenetic regression of anchor shape against body size and anchor size. Anchor morphological integration was studied using partial least squares method. The association between copulatory organ morphology and anchor shape and size in phylomorphospace was used to test the Rohde-Hobbs hypothesis. We created monogeneaGM, a new R package that integrates analyses of monogenean anchor geometric morphometric data with morphological and phylogenetic data.Results.We discriminated 12 of the 13Ligophorusspecies using anchor shape data. Significant phylogenetic signal was detected in anchor shape. Thus, we discovered new morphological characters based on anchor shaft shape, the length between the inner root point and the outer root point, and the length between the inner root point and the dent point. The species onM. buchananievolved larger, more robust anchors; those onL. subviridisevolved smaller, more delicate anchors. Anchor shape and size were significantly correlated, suggesting constraints in anchor evolution. Tight integration between the root and the point compartments within anchors confirms the anchor as a single, fully integrated module. The correlation between male copulatory organ morphology and size with anchor shape was consistent with predictions from the Rohde-Hobbs hypothesis.Conclusions.Monogenean anchors are tightly integrated structures, and their shape variation correlates strongly with phylogeny, thus underscoring their value for systematic and evolutionary biology studies. Our MonogeneaGM R package provides tools for researchers to mine biological insights from geometric morphometric data of speciose monogenean genera.
Identification of fibrillogenic regions in human triosephosphate isomerase
Authors: Carcamo-Noriega Edson N. , Saab-Rincon Gloria 
Published: February 2016

Background.Amyloid secondary structure relies on the intermolecular assembly of polypeptide chains through main-chain interaction. According to this, all proteins have the potential to form amyloid structure, nevertheless, in nature only few proteins aggregate into toxic or functional amyloids. Structural characteristics differ greatly among amyloid proteins reported, so it has been difficult to link the fibrillogenic propensity with structural topology. However, there are ubiquitous topologies not represented in the amyloidome that could be considered as amyloid-resistant attributable to structural features, such is the case of TIM barrel topology.Methods.This work was aimed to study the fibrillogenic propensity of human triosephosphate isomerase (HsTPI) as a model of TIM barrels. In order to do so, aggregation of HsTPI was evaluated under native-like and destabilizing conditions. Fibrillogenic regions were identified by bioinformatics approaches, protein fragmentation and peptide aggregation.Results.We identified four fibrillogenic regions in the HsTPI corresponding to theβ3,β6,β7y α8 of the TIM barrel. From these, theβ3-strand region (residues 59–66) was highly fibrillogenic. In aggregation assays, HsTPI under native-like conditions led to amorphous assemblies while under partially denaturing conditions (urea 3.2 M) formed more structured aggregates. This slightly structured aggregates exhibited residual cross-βstructure, as demonstrated by the recognition of the WO1 antibody and ATR-FTIR analysis.Discussion.Despite the fibrillogenic regions present in HsTPI, the enzyme maintained under native-favoring conditions displayed low fibrillogenic propensity. This amyloid-resistance can be attributed to the three-dimensional arrangement of the protein, whereβ-strands, susceptible to aggregation, are protected in the core of the molecule. Destabilization of the protein structure may expose inner regions promotingβ-aggregation, as well as the formation of hydrophobic disordered aggregates. Being this last pathway kinetically favored over the thermodynamically more stable fibril aggregation pathway.
Dynamically triggered slip leading to sustained fault gouge weakening under laboratory shear conditions
Authors: Johnson P. A. , Carmeliet J. , Savage H. M. , Scuderi M. , Carpenter B. M. , Guyer R. A. , Daub E. G. , Marone C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe investigate dynamic wave‐triggered slip under laboratory shear conditions. The experiment is composed of a three‐block system containing two gouge layers composed of glass beads and held in place by a fixed load in a biaxial configuration. When the system is sheared under steady state conditions at a normal load of 4 MPa, we find that shear failure may be instantaneously triggered by a dynamic wave, corresponding to material weakening and softening if the system is in a critical shear stress state (near failure). Following triggering, the gouge material remains in a perturbed state over multiple slip cycles as evidenced by the recovery of the material strength, shear modulus, and slip recurrence time. This work suggests that faults must be critically stressed to trigger under dynamic conditions and that the recovery process following a dynamically triggered event differs from the recovery following a spontaneous event.
Spatiotemporal drought variability in the Mediterranean over the last 900 years
Authors: Cook Benjamin I. , Anchukaitis Kevin J. , Touchan Ramzi , Meko David M. , Cook Edward R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecent Mediterranean droughts have highlighted concerns that climate change may be contributing to observed drying trends, but natural climate variability in the region is still poorly understood. We analyze 900 years (1100–2012) of Mediterranean drought variability in the Old World Drought Atlas (OWDA), a spatiotemporal tree ring reconstruction of the June‐July‐August self‐calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index. In the Mediterranean, the OWDA is highly correlated with spring precipitation (April–June), the North Atlantic Oscillation (January–April), the Scandinavian Pattern (January–March), and the East Atlantic Pattern (April–June). Drought variability displays significant east‐west coherence across the basin on multidecadal to centennial timescales and north‐south antiphasing in the eastern Mediterranean, with a tendency for wet anomalies in the Black Sea region (e.g., Greece, Anatolia, and the Balkans) when coastal Libya, the southern Levant, and the Middle East are dry, possibly related to the North Atlantic Oscillation. Recent droughts are centered in the western Mediterranean, Greece, and the Levant. Events of similar magnitude in the western Mediterranean and Greece occur in the OWDA, but the recent 15 year drought in the Levant (1998–2012) is the driest in the record. Estimating uncertainties using a resampling approach, we conclude that there is an 89% likelihood that this drought is drier than any comparable period of the last 900 years and a 98% likelihood that it is drier than the last 500 years. These results confirm the exceptional nature of this drought relative to natural variability in recent centuries, consistent with studies that have found evidence for anthropogenically forced drying in the region.
Development of a Two‐Photon Fluorescent Probe for Imaging of Endogenous Formaldehyde in Living Tissues
Authors: Tang Yonghe , Kong Xiuqi , Xu An , Dong Baoli , Lin Weiying 
Published: February 2016

AbstractInvestigation of the physiological and pathological functions of formaldehyde (FA) are largely restricted by a lack of useful FA imaging agents, in particular, those that allow detection of FA in the context of living tissues. Herein, we present the rational design, synthesis, and photophysical property studies of the first two‐photon fluorescent FA probe, Na‐FA. Importantly, the highly desirable attributes of the probe Na‐FA (such as a very large turn‐on signal (up to 900‐fold), a low detection limit, and a very fast onset imparted by the unique design aspects of the probe), make it possible to monitor endogenous FA in living tissues for the first time. Furthermore, sodium bisulfite was identified as a simple and convenient inhibitor of FA within biological environments.
Diamagnetic Raman Optical Activity of Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine Gases
Authors: Šebestík Jaroslav , Kapitán Josef , Pačes Ondřej , Bouř Petr 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMagnetic Raman optical activity of gases provides unique information about their electric and magnetic properties. Magnetic Raman optical activity has recently been observed in a paramagnetic gas (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 11058; Angew. Chem. 2012, 124, 11220). In diamagnetic molecules, it has been considered too weak to be measurable. However, in chlorine, bromine and iodine vapors, we could detect a significant signal as well. Zeeman splitting of electronic ground‐state energy levels cannot rationalize the observed circular intensity difference (CID) values of about 10−4. These are explicable by participation of paramagnetic excited electronic states. Then a simple model including one electronic excited state provides reasonable spectral intensities. The results suggest that this kind of scattering by diamagnetic molecules is a general event observable under resonance conditions. The phenomenon sheds new light on the role of excited states in the Raman scattering, and may be used to probe molecular geometry and electronic structure.
Total Synthesis of (±)‐Strictamine
Authors: Ren Weiwu , Wang Qian , Zhu Jieping 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe total synthesis of strictamine has been achieved in nine steps from a known enol triflate. Characteristic features of our approach included: a) creation of a C7 all‐carbon quaternary stereocenter at an early synthetic stage; b) use of an N,N‐dimethyl tertiary amine as a surrogate of the primary amine for the rapid build‐up of a functionalized 2‐azabicyclo[3,3,1]nonan‐9‐one skeleton (achieved by using a reaction sequence of α‐bromination of the ketone, followed by a stereoconvergent intramolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction); and c) a late‐stage construction of the indolenine unit.
Historical Aerial Photography and Multi‐receiver EMI Soil Sensing, Complementing Techniques for the Study of a Great War Conflict Landscape
Authors: Gheyle Wouter , Saey Timothy , Van Hollebeeke Yannick , Verplaetse Stephanie , Note Nicolas , Bourgeois Jean , Van Meirvenne Marc , Van Eetvelde Veerle , Stichelbaut Birger 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn spite of an increase in World War I (WWI)‐related excavations in Flanders (Belgium), little is known about the nature and extent of the buried heritage of WWI from research on a landscape scale. This paper examines the combination of historical aerial photographic evidence and geophysical soil sensing. A case study in Comines‐Warneton compares data derived from contemporary WWI aerial photographs with multi‐receiver electromagnetic induction surveys. This comparison provides an understanding of the degree of preservation of trenches, dugouts and other military structures, and illustrates the added value of integrating both techniques in an in‐depth, non‐invasive study of conflict landscapes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.