bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A self‐stabilizing distributed algorithm for the 1‐MIS problem under the distance‐3 model
Authors: Kakugawa Hirotsugu , Kamei Sayaka , Shibata Masahiro , Ooshita Fukuhito 
Published: September 2024

SummaryFault‐tolerance and self‐organization are critical properties in modern distributed systems. Self‐stabilization is a class of fault‐tolerant distributed algorithms which has the ability to recover from any kind and any finite number of transient faults and topology changes. In this article, we propose a self‐stabilizing distributed algorithm for the 1‐MIS problem under the unfair central daemon assuming the distance‐3 model. Here, in the distance‐3 model, each process can refer to the values of local variables of processes within three hops. Intuitively speaking, the 1‐MIS problem is a variant of the maximal independent set (MIS) problem with improved local optimizations. The time complexity (convergence time) of our algorithm is steps and the space complexity is bits, where is the number of processes. Finally, we extend the notion of 1‐MIS to ‐MIS for each nonnegative integer , and compare the set sizes of ‐MIS () and the maximum independent set.
Efficient Photocatalytic Oxidative Coupling of Amines under Visible Light Using a Trioporphyrins‐Based Covalent Triazine Framework
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Hui , Guo Xiao‐Xuan , Zheng Shuo‐Yun , Zhou Xian‐Tai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPorphyrins‐based porous organic polymers (POP) were widely used in photocatalytic oxidation under visible light owing to their superiority in the activation of oxygen. In contrast, the efficiency is usually limited due to the fast recombination and slow electron transfer. Herein, we report the use of a trioporphyrins‐based covalent triazine framework (Por‐CTF) as visible‐light‐active photocatalyst for the coupling oxidative of amines to imines at room temperature. By incorporating the π‐conjugated porphyrin building block led to the enhanced electron transport between molecules, and the extended recombination time of excited electrons. The photocatalytic efficiency of Por‐CTF is superior to that of polymer in absence of triazine framework (POP‐TSP), which was prepared by radical polymerization using tetra‐(4‐vinylphenyl) porphyrin (TSP) as monomer. Por‐CTF catalyst presented excellent efficiency for various primary amines and stability. This work provides a reasonable guidance of catalyst molecular structure design for enhancing efficiency in the photocatalytic oxidation.
A novel fractional rat hawk optimization–enabled routing with deep learning–based energy prediction in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Purushothaman Anbhazhagan , Sriramakrishnan Gopalsamy Venkadakrishnan , Om Prakash Ponnusamy Gnanaprakasam , Rajan Cristin 
Published: September 2024

SummaryWireless sensor networks (WSNs) contain different sensors, which collect various data in the monitoring area. In general, one of the significant resources in WSNs is energy, which prolongs the network's lifetime. The energy‐efficient routing algorithms reduce energy consumption and enhance the survival cycle of WSNs. Thus, this work developed the optimization‐based WSN routing and deep learning (DL)–enabled energy prediction scheme for efficient routing in WSNs. Initially, the WSN simulation is carried out, and then, the node with minimum energy consumption is chosen as the cluster head (CH). Here, the proposed rat hawk optimization (RHO) algorithm is established for finding the best CH, and the RHO is the integration of rat swarm optimization (RSO) and fire hawk optimization (FHO). Furthermore, the routing is accomplished by the developed fractional rat hawk optimization (FRHO) using the fitness function includes delay, distance, link lifetime, and predicted energy of a network for predicting the finest route. Here, the fractional calculus (FC) is incorporated with the RHO to form the FRHO. The energy prediction is achieved by deep recurrent neural network (DRNN). The energy, delay, and throughput evaluation metrics are considered for revealing the efficiency of the proposed system, and the proposed system achieves the best results of 0.246 J, 0.190 s, and 67.13 Mbps, respectively.
Rapid and Cost‐Effective Platypus eDNA Detection in Waterways Using Loop‐Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay: Advancing Conservation Efforts
Authors: Khodaparast Meysam , Sharley Dave , Marshall Stephen , Beddoe Travis 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTFreshwater ecosystems, home to a remarkable diversity of species, are facing severe threats from human activities such as climate change, habitat degradation, over‐extraction of water for irrigation, and pollution. The platypus, an iconic species in freshwater ecosystems around Australia, is threatened by all these activities, both singly and in combination. The scale and complexity of these intersecting and reinforcing threats makes cost‐effective monitoring tools essential to better understand how platypus populations are responding. In this study, we optimized a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the rapid and cost‐effective detection of platypus DNA in environmental water samples, offering an attractive alternative to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). We improved a water filtration protocol for in‐field use, employing suitable filter membranes for processing large volumes of water, thereby maximizing DNA recovery from dilute samples. The limit of detection for the platypus LAMP (Plat‐LAMP) assay was determined to be 12.4 copies/μL using a standard plasmid positive reference and 7 × 10−6 ng/μL when applied to DNA extracted from platypus tissue, with improved sensitivity achieved through the incorporation of locked nucleic acid primers. In comparative testing against qPCR, the Plat‐LAMP assay exhibited greater sensitivity in detecting platypus DNA in known positive water samples collected from platypus habitat at Healesville Sanctuary. Furthermore, the Plat‐LAMP assay demonstrated 100% specificity when performed on water samples collected from non‐platypus habitats. In field testing across waterways in Victoria and New South Wales, the Plat‐LAMP assay detected platypus in 36.96% of samples, compared to 54.35% of samples using qPCR. These findings underscore the Plat‐LAMP assay's potential as a faster and more cost‐effective complementary method to qPCR, rendering it suitable for point‐of‐application water testing. The ability to conduct eDNA surveys without the need for cold‐chain logistics would significantly assist conservation organizations and water managers map platypus distributions and facilitate conservation efforts around Australia.
Photo‐and Electrochemical Modification of Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins through Cysteine: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Xiang Fang , Hu Fan , Weng Yue , Gao Meng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChemical modification of peptides and proteins has emerged as an efficient strategy to study and manipulate the physical and chemical properties and biological functionalities of proteins. Among the 20 proteinogenic amino acids, cysteine is one of the most frequently targeted residues for chemical modification of peptides and proteins due to its unique thiol group and its relatively low natural abundance. Cysteine is able to partake in radical and atom‐, electron‐ and hydride‐transfer reactions taking the benefit of redox activity of thiol side chain. Recently, photo‐ and electrochemistry have emerged as influential methodologies for enabling novel transformations in organic synthesis. These two fields both involve the generation of radical intermediates through single electron transfer processes, which align well with the redox activity of cysteine residue. Furthermore, the mild and controllable features are suitable for solving the chemo‐ and regioselective problems of the existing bioconjugation strategies. Given the intrinsic benefits of photo‐ and electrochemical redox catalysis, the application of developing novel cysteine‐based bioconjugation methods is increasingly compelling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in photo‐ and electrochemical approaches for modifying cysteine amino acid residues, cysteine‐containing peptides, and proteins. The advantages of photo‐ and electrochemical redox catalysis and its applicability in developing novel biocompatible methods are discussed. Additionally, the current limitations of these methods and the challenges that need to be addressed in the future are also explored.
Stability of a Mutualistic Escherichia coli Co‐Culture During Violacein Production Depends on the Kind of Carbon Source
Authors: Schick Simon , Müller Tobias , Takors Ralf , Sprenger Georg A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe L‐tryptophan–derived purple pigment violacein (VIO) is produced in recombinant bacteria and studied for its versatile applications. Microbial synthetic co‐cultures are gaining more importance as efficient factories for synthesizing high‐value compounds. In this work, a mutualistic and cross‐feeding Escherichia coli co‐culture is metabolically engineered to produce VIO. The strains are genetically modified by auxotrophies in the tryptophan (TRP) pathway to enable a metabolic division of labor. Therein, one strain produces anthranilate (ANT) and the other transforms it into TRP and further to VIO. Population dynamics and stability depend on the choice of carbon source, impacting the presence and thus exchange of metabolites as well as overall VIO productivity. Four carbon sources (D‐glucose, glycerol, D‐galactose, and D‐xylose) were compared. D‐Xylose led to co‐cultures which showed stable growth and VIO production, ANT‐TRP exchange, and enhanced VIO production. Best titers were ∼126 mg L–1 in shake flasks. The study demonstrates the importance and advantages of a mutualistic approach in VIO synthesis and highlights the carbon source's role in co‐culture stability and productivity. Transferring this knowledge into an up‐scaled bioreactor system has great potential in improving the overall VIO production.
Assessment of genotoxic potential of fragrance materials in the chicken egg assays
Authors: Thakkar Yax , Kobets Tetyana , Api Anne Marie , Duan Jian‐Dong , Williams Gary M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe genotoxic and clastogenic/aneugeneic potentials of four α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, 2‐phenyl‐2‐butenal, nona‐2‐trans‐6‐cis‐dienal, 2‐methyl‐2‐pentenal, and p‐methoxy cinnamaldehyde, which are used as fragrance materials, were assessed using the Chicken Egg Genotoxicity Assay (CEGA) and the Hen's egg micronucleus (HET‐MN) assay, respectively. Selection of materials was based on their chemical structures and the results of their previous assessment in the regulatory in vitro and/or in vivo genotoxicity test battery. Three tested materials, 2‐phenyl‐2‐butenal, nona‐2‐trans‐6‐cis‐dienal, and 2‐methyl‐2‐pentenal, were negative in both, CEGA and HET‐MN assays. These findings were congruent with the results of regulatory in vivo genotoxicity assays. In contrast, p‐methoxy cinnamaldehyde, which was also negative in the in vivo genotoxicity assays, produced evidence of DNA damage, including DNA strand breaks and DNA adducts in CEGA. However, no increase in the micronucleus formation in blood was reported in the HET‐MN study. Such variation in responses between the CEGA and HET‐MN assay can be attributed to differences in the dosing protocols. Pretreatment with a glutathione precursor, N‐acetyl cysteine, negated positive outcomes produced by p‐methoxy cinnamaldehyde in CEGA, indicating that difference in response observed in the chicken egg and rodent models can be attributed to rapid glutathione depletion. Overall, our findings support the conclusion that CEGA and/or HET‐MN can be considered as a potential alternative to animal testing as follow‐up strategies for assessment of genotoxic potential of fragrance materials with evidence of genotoxicity in vitro.
Assessing the impact of climate on mackerel (Scomber japonicus) quality during vehicle transportation: A transportation modeling approach
Authors: Park Seul‐Ki , Lee Su‐Jeong , Eom Sung‐Hwan , Kim Kyung Tae , Lee Young‐Sun , Kim Eun‐Song , Son Sung Bum , Jang Won Je , Park Kee‐Jai , Lee Eun‐Woo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the impact of environmental factors on the quality changes of mackerel (Scomber japonicus), a globally significant fish species valued for its high nutritional content, especially its unsaturated fatty acids and proteins. In South Korea, marine products like mackerel undergo auction, sorting, packaging, and transportation. Assessing the fish freshness and quality during these processes, before it reaches consumers, is crucial. This research aimed to track the changes in mackerel quality indicators after the auction and correlate them with the environmental factors affecting transportation. Using a transportation model established for both summer and winter, mackerel samples were categorized by their weight (200 and 300 g). Results show poorer quality indicators in summer compared to winter, particularly in the 200 g group. Microbiological indicators such as the total viable count (0.923) and total coliforms (0.958) were most strongly correlated with the season, whereas the lipid oxidation indicators acid value (0.627) and peroxide value (0.536) were moderately correlated with the season. Interestingly, the wider standard deviation distribution observed in summer suggests that individual mackerel characteristics may influence the degree of quality changes. These findings offer insights into mackerel quality fluctuations during auction and transportation, aiding in future efforts to maintain seafood quality amidst climate change.
Development and characterization of gluten‐free fried dough (magwinya) using sorghum flour
Authors: Murungweni Kundai T. , Onipe Oluwatoyin O. , Jideani Afam I. O. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMagwinya, a deep‐fried cereal dough, is usually produced using cake or bread wheat flour due to the naturally beneficial proteins found in wheat. In this study, sorghum flour, a gluten‐free cereal grain, was used to produce magwinya. The aim was to develop and characterize gluten‐free fried dough using sorghum flour. Xanthan and guar gum hydrocolloids were added to the sorghum flour in ratios of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% and 1.5%, 2.0%, and 2.5%, respectively, for magwinya production. The physicochemical characteristics of the magwinya were compared. The hardness of magwinya was significantly lower in sorghum: guar gum (SGG) samples due to their high moisture content. Ash and fiber content were also significantly higher in SGG samples. Increasing the level of SGG increased the volume (63.33–66.67 cm3). There was no significant difference in the weight of the samples. An increase in diameter (50.33–52.17 mm) was observed in SGG samples. Color analysis showed a significant increase in the L* (Lightness) of the crumb (46.28–49.12) compared to the crust (26.96–30.11) in the SX (sorghum: xanthan gum) and SGG samples. Redness (12.28–13.77) increased with levels, while yellowness (11.86–14.02) decreased with levels in SX and SGG crust. This study's findings are significant as they indicate that guar gum was the better binder for developing cereal fried dough (magwinya) from sorghum. These findings could have practical applications in the food industry, particularly in the development of gluten‐free products and in the use of alternative grains like sorghum.
Structural characteristics of neutral polysaccharides purified from coix seed and its anti‐insulin resistance effects on HepG2 cells
Authors: Wu Guozhen , Liu Shuang , Wang Zhenqiang , Wang Xiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCoix seed is recognized as a functional medicinal food due to its valuable biological activities, with polysaccharides being the primary active compounds. In this study, an ultrasonic‐assisted enzymatic extraction technique was employed, and response surface methodology was used to optimize the yield of polysaccharides to 9.55 ± 0.26%. A novel neutral polysaccharide, CSPsN‐1, was purified with a molecular weight of 7.75 kDa. CSPsN‐1 was composed of arabinose, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose in molar ratios of 0.48: 7.92: 86.39: 2.42: 2.79. Its backbone composed of →4)‐α‐D‐Glcp‐(1→ and →3,4)‐α‐D‐Glcp‐(1→ units, with terminal residues of α‐D‐Glcp. In vitro experiments, CSPsN‐1 enhanced glucose consumption in insulin‐resistant HepG2 cells and upregulated GLUT4 expression by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These findings suggest that CSPsN‐1 holds significant promise as a functional ingredient for treating insulin resistance and related metabolic disorders.
Design of a mix network with elliptic curve cryptography and XOR shuffling for secure communication with 5‐node
Authors: Naikoo Fayaz Ahmad , Ahmad Khaleel , Ahmad Khairol Amali Bin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis research paper proposes a novel 5‐node mix network, an anonymous communication network to boost privacy within the network. Within the proposed framework the crypto‐operations like encryption, decryption, and shuffling are held with the help of the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) and XOR algorithm. This unique combination helps to exchange the message within the communication network with enhanced security and privacy. To analyze the processing time and load factor at each intermediate node of mix network, an exhaustive experimental analysis is carried out for key sizes of 256, 384, and 512 bits respectively. These crypto‐operations like encryption, decryption, and XOR shuffling need varying time slots to perform at each intermediate node thereby having a varying load factor associated with them. The objective of this research is to analyze the processing time and load factor at each node within the 5‐node mix network thereby helping to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each intermediate node. Through our analysis, these percentages are computed, shedding light on the allocation of computational load and resource utilization among the nodes.
AARS Online: A collaborative database on the structure, function, and evolution of the aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases
Authors: Douglas Jordan , Cui Haissi , Perona John J. , Vargas‐Rodriguez Oscar , Tyynismaa Henna , Carreño Claudia Alvarez , Ling Jiqiang , Ribas de Pouplana Lluís , Yang Xiang‐Lei , Ibba Michael , Becker Hubert , Fischer Frédéric , Sissler Marie , Carter Charles W. , Wills Peter R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (aaRS) are a large group of enzymes that implement the genetic code in all known biological systems. They attach amino acids to their cognate tRNAs, moonlight in various translational and non‐translational activities beyond aminoacylation, and are linked to many genetic disorders. The aaRS have a subtle ontology characterized by structural and functional idiosyncrasies that vary from organism to organism, and protein to protein. Across the tree of life, the 22 coded amino acids are handled by 16 evolutionary families of Class I aaRS and 21 families of Class II aaRS. We introduce AARS Online, an interactive Wikipedia‐like tool curated by an international consortium of field experts. This platform systematizes existing knowledge about the aaRS by showcasing a taxonomically diverse selection of aaRS sequences and structures. Through its graphical user interface, AARS Online facilitates a seamless exploration between protein sequence and structure, providing a friendly introduction to the material for non‐experts and a useful resource for experts. Curated multiple sequence alignments can be extracted for downstream analyses. Accessible at www.aars.online, AARS Online is a free resource to delve into the world of the aaRS.
Cancer knocks you out by fasting: Cachexia as a consequence of metabolic alterations in cancer
Authors: Cortellino Salvatore , D'Angelo Margherita , Quintiliani Massimiliano , Giordano Antonio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNeoplastic transformation reprograms tumor and surrounding host cell metabolism, increasing nutrient consumption and depletion in the tumor microenvironment. Tumors uptake nutrients from neighboring normal tissues or the bloodstream to meet energy and anabolic demands. Tumor‐induced chronic inflammation, a high‐energy process, also consumes nutrients to sustain its dysfunctional activities. These tumor‐related metabolic and physiological changes, including chronic inflammation, negatively impact systemic metabolism and physiology. Furthermore, the adverse effects of antitumor therapy and tumor obstruction impair the endocrine, neural, and gastrointestinal systems, thereby confounding the systemic status of patients. These alterations result in decreased appetite, impaired nutrient absorption, inflammation, and shift from anabolic to catabolic metabolism. Consequently, cancer patients often suffer from malnutrition, which worsens prognosis and increases susceptibility to secondary adverse events. This review explores how neoplastic transformation affects tumor and microenvironment metabolism and inflammation, leading to poor prognosis, and discusses potential strategies and clinical interventions to improve patient outcomes.
Identification and functional characterization of the nuclear and nucleolar localization signals in the intrinsically disordered region of nucleomethylin
Authors: Shrikondawar Akshaykumar Nanaji , Chennoju Kiranmai , Ghosh Debasish Kumar , Ranjan Akash 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe nucleolar localization of proteins is regulated by specific signals directing their trafficking to nucleus and nucleolus. Here, we elucidate the mechanism underlying the nuclear and nucleolar localization of the nucleomethylin (NML) protein, focusing on its nuclear localization signals (NLSs) and nucleolar localization signal (NoLS). Using a combination of bioinformatic analysis and experimental validation, we identified two monopartite and one bipartite NLS motifs within NML. The combined presence of both monopartite NLSs significantly enhances nuclear localization of the protein, while specific basic amino acid clusters within the bipartite NLS are crucial for their functionality. We also reveal the functional role of the NLS‐coupled NoLS motif in driving nucleolar localization of NML, which contains an arginine‐rich motif essential for its function. The basic residues of the arginine‐rich motif of NoLS of NML interacts with nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1), allowing the possible liquid‐liquid phase separation and retention of NML in the nucleolus. Remarkably, the strong NoLS of NML can direct the nucleolar localization of a cytosolic protein, aldolase, emphasizing its potency. Overall, our findings provide insights into the combinatorial functioning of NLSs and NoLS in regulating the subcellular localization of NML, highlighting the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing its localization within the nucleus and nucleolus.