bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinguishing clinical and radiological features of non‐traumatic convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Graff‐Radford J. , Fugate J. E. , Klaas J. , Flemming K. D. , Brown R. D. , Rabinstein A. A. 
Published: February 2016

Background and purposeThe full spectrum of causes of convexal subarachnoid hemorrhage (cSAH) requires further investigation. Therefore, our objective was to describe the spectrum of clinical and imaging features of patients with non‐traumatic cSAH.MethodsA retrospective observational study of consecutive patients with non‐traumatic cSAH was performed at a tertiary referral center. The underlying cause of cSAH was characterized and clinical and imaging features that predict a specific etiology were identified. The frequency of future cSAH or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was determined.ResultsIn all, 88 patients [median age 64 years (range 25–85)] with non‐traumatic cSAH were identified. The most common causes were reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) (26, 29.5%), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) (23, 26.1%), indeterminate (14, 15.9%) and endocarditis (9, 10.2%). CAA patients commonly presented at an older age than RCVS patients (75 years versus 51 years, P < 0.0001). Thirteen patients (14.7%) had recurrent cSAH, and 12 patients (13.6%) had a subsequent ICH. However, the risk was high amongst those with CAA compared to those caused by RCVS, with recurrent cSAH in 39.1% and subsequent lobar ICH in 43.5% of CAA cases.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the clinical diversity of cSAH. Older age, sensorimotor dysfunction and stereotyped spells suggest CAA as the underlying cause. Younger age and thunderclap headache predict RCVS. Yet, various other causes also need to be considered in the differential diagnosis.
How can we harness quantitative genetic variation in crop root systems for agricultural improvement?
Authors: Topp Christopher N. , Bray Adam L. , Ellis Nathanael A. , Liu Zhengbin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRoot systems are a black box obscuring a comprehensive understanding of plant function, from the ecosystem scale down to the individual. In particular, a lack of knowledge about the genetic mechanisms and environmental effects that condition root system growth hinders our ability to develop the next generation of crop plants for improved agricultural productivity and sustainability. We discuss how the methods and metrics we use to quantify root systems can affect our ability to understand them, how we can bridge knowledge gaps and accelerate the derivation of structure‐function relationships for roots, and why a detailed mechanistic understanding of root growth and function will be important for future agricultural gains.
Higher sleep variability is associated with poorer glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Chontong Sasipas , Saetung Sunee , Reutrakul Sirimon 
Published: February 2016

SummarySleep disturbances have been linked to insulin resistance and poor glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, the data are limited in type 1 diabetes. Recently, varying day‐to‐day sleep schedules, i.e. sleep variability, have been associated with adverse metabolic profile in healthy individuals. This study explored whether sleep variability affects glycaemic control and insulin requirement in type 1 diabetes. Forty‐one adult patients with type 1 diabetes wore an actigraphy for 5 nights. Standard deviation of sleep duration, efficiency and mid‐sleep time were sleep variability parameters. Sleep apnoea risk and self‐reported sleep quality were assessed by the Berlin questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Haemoglobin A1c, diabetes complications and insulin regimen were obtained from medical records. After adjusting for neuropathic symptoms, sleep apnoea risk and poor self‐reported sleep quality, higher sleep variability was significantly associated with poorer glycaemic control (standard deviation of sleep duration, B = 0.100, P = 0.004; and standard deviation of mid‐sleep time, B = 0.068, P = 0.04). In addition, standard deviations of sleep duration and mid‐sleep time were highly correlated, suggesting that participants changed their sleep duration along with sleep timing. After adjusting for covariates, the standard deviation of sleep duration (P = 0.009) and standard deviation of mid‐sleep time (P = 0.012) were associated with higher insulin requirement. In summary, higher sleep variability, which likely reflects sleep deprivation alternating with sleep compensation along with shifts in their circadian timing, was associated with poorer glycaemic control and higher insulin requirement in patients with type 1 diabetes. Increased sleep regularity may improve metabolic control in type 1 diabetes.
Immunodominant Dengue Virus-Specific CD8
+
T Cell Responses Are Associated with a Memory PD-1
+
Phenotype
Authors: de Alwis Ruklanthi , Bangs Derek J. , Angelo Michael A. , Cerpas Cristhiam , Fernando Anira , Sidney John , Peters Bjoern , Gresh Lionel , Balmaseda Angel , de Silva Aruna D. , Harris Eva , Sette Alessandro , Weiskopf Daniela 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Dengue disease is a large public health problem that mainly afflicts tropical and subtropical regions. Understanding of the correlates of protection against dengue virus (DENV) is poor and hinders the development of a successful human vaccine. The present study aims to define DENV-specific CD8
+
T cell responses in general and those of HLA alleles associated with dominant responses in particular. In human blood donors in Nicaragua, we observed a striking dominance of HLA B-restricted responses in general and of the allele B*35:01 in particular. Comparing these patterns to those in the general population of Sri Lanka, we found a strong correlation between restriction of the HLA allele and the breadth and magnitude of CD8
+
T cell responses, suggesting that HLA genes profoundly influence the nature of responses. The majority of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) responses were associated with effector memory phenotypes, which were also detected in non-B*35:01-expressing T cells. However, only the B*35:01 DENV-specific T cells were associated with marked expression of the programmed death 1 protein (PD-1). These cells did not coexpress other inhibitory receptors and were able to proliferate in response to DENV-specific stimulation. Thus, the expression of particular HLA class I alleles is a defining characteristic influencing the magnitude and breadth of CD8 responses, and a distinct, highly differentiated phenotype is specifically associated with dominant CD8
+
T cells. These results are of relevance for both vaccine design and the identification of robust correlates of protection in natural immunity.

IMPORTANCE
Dengue is an increasingly significant public health problem as its mosquito vectors spread over greater areas; no vaccines against the virus have yet been approved. An important step toward vaccine development is defining protective immune responses; toward that end, we here characterize the phenotype of the immunodominant T cell responses. These DENV-reactive T cells express high levels of the receptor programmed death 1 protein (PD-1), while those from disease-susceptible alleles do not. Not only does this represent a possible correlate of immunodominance, but it raises the hypothesis that PD-1 might be a regulator that prevents excessive damage while preserving antiviral function. Further, as this study employs distinct populations (Nicaraguan and Sri Lankan donors), we also confirmed that this pattern holds despite geographic and ethnic differences. This finding indicates that HLA type is the major determinant in shaping T cell responses.
Rationale and design of Short-Term EXenatide therapy in Acute ischaemic Stroke (STEXAS): a randomised, open-label, parallel-group study
Authors: McGrath Rachel T , Hocking Samantha L , Priglinger Miriam , Day Susan , Herkes Geoffrey K , Krause Martin , Fulcher Gregory R 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionBoth hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) are associated with increased infarct size and worse functional outcomes. Thus, therapies that can maintain normoglycaemia during stroke are clinically important. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogues, including exenatide, are routinely used in the treatment of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, but data on the usefulness of this class of agents in the management of elevated glucose levels in AIS are limited. Owing to their glucose-dependent mechanism of action, GLP-1 analogues are associated with a low risk of hypoglycaemia, which may give them an advantage over intensive insulin therapy in the acute management of hyperglycaemia in this setting.Methods and analysisThe Short-Term EXenatide therapy in Acute ischaemic Stroke study is a randomised, open-label, parallel-group pilot study designed to investigate the efficacy of exenatide at lowering blood glucose levels in patients with hyperglycaemia with AIS. A total of 30 patients presenting with AIS and blood glucose levels >10 mmol/L will be randomised to receive the standard therapy (intravenous insulin) or intravenous exenatide for up to 72 h. Outcomes including blood glucose levels within the target range (5–10 mmol/L), the incidence of hypoglycaemia and the feasibility of administering intravenous exenatide in this patient population will be assessed. A follow-up visit at 3 months will facilitate evaluation of neurological outcomes post-stroke.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the local Institutional Review Board (Northern Sydney Local Health District Human Research Ethics Committee). The study results will be communicated via presentations at scientific conferences and through publication in peer-reviewed journals.ConclusionsAs GLP-1 analogues require elevated glucose levels to exert their insulin potentiating activity, the use of exenatide in the management of hyperglycaemia in AIS may reduce the incidence of hypoglycaemia, thereby conferring a benefit in morbidity and mortality for patients in the long term.Trial registration numberACTRN12614001189617.
The Construction of a Three-Dimensional Antenna Gain Matrix and Its Impact on Retrieving Sea Surface Mean Square Slope Based on Aircraft Wave Spectrometer Data
Authors: Li Xiuzhong , He Yijun , Zhang Biao , Fan Chenqing 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this study, a rotating frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar is installed on an aircraft to retrieve the sea wave spectra. Because the aircraft attitude angles produce the incorrect antenna gain used in the radar equation, the incorrect normalized radar cross section (NRCS) of the sea surface will be acquired. To eliminate the effect of the angles, a three-dimensional matrix of the radar antenna gain is constructed by means of coordinate transformation and interpolation, based on a large set of configurations of the aircraft attitude angles (roll, pitch, etc.). With the application of the matrix, the NRCS of the sea surface is corrected and the calculating time is reduced. Then the sea surface mean square slope (MSS) is obtained from the echoes of the airborne wave spectrometer. Considering a weak periodicity of MSS due to low sea state, four images are presented to show the variation of the MSS after aircraft attitude angle correction. The results indicate that the accurate incidence angle of the antenna beam center is critical for retrieving the sea surface MSS, and that the magnitude of the MSS from three cycles of radar echoes can be changed by as much as 40% within 5° of the attitude angles. Furthermore, the MSS becomes more periodic and regular after correction.
Religion, Autonomy, and the Priority of Place in Mexico’s Maya Highlands
Authors: Chojnacki Ruth J. 
Published: February 2016

The irruption of Mexico’s highland Maya on the world stage with the 1994 New Year’s Day uprising by the Zapatista Army of National Liberation generated a torrent of publications. Relatively neglected in this literature is the deconstruction of costumbre (ancestral Maya tradition) by Maya youth dislocated by Mexico’s early-1980s economic collapse. In one exemplary Tzotzil Maya pueblo, the acquisition of biblical literacy and the cognitive skills it entails in Catholic Church–sponsored courses oriented to liberation theology propelled a generational religious revolt. The ensuing reclamation of ancestral territory from ladino ranchers upended colonial relations, enabling indigenous peasants in this and other highland Maya communities to institute autonomous modes of production. Driven by a dialectic of religious ritual and agricultural labor, this assertion of Maya agency attests to the salience of religion and the priority of place as indispensable resources for indigenous socioeconomic autonomy confronting neoliberal assault. La irrupción en el escenario mundial de los maya del altiplano mexicano con el levantamiento de Año Nuevo 1994 por el Ejército Zapatista de Liberación Nacional generó un torrente de publicaciones. Relativamente ignorada en esta literatura es la deconstrucción de costumbre (tradición maya ancestral) por la juventud maya desplazada por el colapso económico a principios de los ochenta en México. En un pueblo tzotzil maya ejemplar, la adquisición de cultura bíblica y las aptitudes cognitivas que implica en los cursos auspiciados por la Iglesia Católica Romana orientados a la teología de la liberación impulsó una rebelión religiosa generacional. La consiguiente recuperación de territorio ancestral de hacendados ladinos turbó las relaciones coloniales, permitiendo a los campesinos indígenas en esta y otras comunidades maya del altiplano establecer modos de producción autónomos. Motivado por una dialéctica de ritual religioso y trabajo agrícola, esta reivindicación de agencia maya confirma la relevancia de la religión y la primacía del lugar como recursos indispensables para una autonomía socioeconómica indígena al enfrentar la arremetida neoliberal.
Examination of Age-Related Differences on Clinical Tests of Postural Stability
Authors: Breen Erin O. , Howell David R. , Stracciolini Andrea , Dawkins Corey , Meehan William P. 
Published: February 2016

Background: The modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS) and Y-Balance Test are common clinical measurements of postural control, but little is known about the effect of age on performance of these tasks. The purpose of this study was to examine how healthy child and adolescent athletes perform on 2 common clinical measurements of postural control. Hypothesis: Younger athletes would demonstrate poorer postural control compared with older athletes. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Three hundred eighty-nine athletes between the ages of 10 and 18 years underwent an evaluation of postural control. Each participant completed the mBESS in the double-leg, single-leg, and tandem stances as well as the Y-Balance Test. Postural stability data were analyzed between age groups (10-12, 13-15, and 16-18 years) using univariate analyses of covariance. Results: The youngest athletes (10-12 years) had a greater mean number of errors in the single-leg stance of the mBESS than the 13- to 15-year-old and 16- to 18-year-old athletes (3.8, 3, and 2.5 errors, respectively; P < 0.01). They also had greater right to left asymmetry compared with the 16- to 18-year-old athletes on the Y-Balance Test in the posterolateral (6.8 and 3.8 cm, respectively; P = 0.006) and posteromedial (5.3 and 3.6 cm, respectively; P = 0.014) directions of movement. Conclusion: Athletes between the ages of 10 and 12 years performed worse on the single-leg stance of the mBESS and demonstrated more asymmetry on the Y-Balance Test in the posterolateral and posteromedial directions compared with older athletes. Clinical Relevance: In the absence of a baseline balance test for athletes younger than the age of 13 years, caution should be used in interpreting postural stability assessments, as age may be a modifying factor in performance.
Co-creation of Socio-economic Values in Islamic Banking Service: Case Study Research in Pakistan
Authors: Javed Amna , Kohda Youji , Masuda Hisashi 
Published: February 2016

This study examines the case study research in Pakistan to show the importance of socio-economic values in the banking world by citing the case of Islamic banking. Following Sharia traditions, Islamic banking is more concerned with socio-economic values, such as well-being, trust, ethics and partnership than with economic values, such as money in terms of interest. To investigate the unique value, service system and value proposition in Islamic banking, we combined the results from literature review, press releases and interviews. The literature review showed that the Islamic banks ensure secure investments and profit or loss sharing. The press releases on banking websites showed that Islamic banking focuses on socio-economic values rather than economic values. The interview analysis showed that Islamic banking is mostly focused on justice and transparency of projects, achieved under the benevolent watch of the Sharia board, over all banking activities. These findings reveal that the backbone of value co-creation in Islamic banking is contract-based projects which create economic opportunities and social experiences, and ensure that in Islamic banks, values create value for the customer. This concept is typically seen even in modern services.
Finding the connections between native-speakerism and authenticity
Authors: Lowe Robert J. , Pinner Richard 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNative-speakerism and authenticity are two subjects that have been written on extensively in the field of English language teaching, but the links between the two have yet to be explored in any great depth. This paper extensively reviews the literature on native-speakerism and authenticity and outlines where the connections between these two concepts, both practical and theoretical, may lie. Native-speakerism and authenticity are first briefly introduced and contextualised separately, and a theoretical framework is then presented to explain the connections between them based on the key foundational topics of authority, culturism, and cultural capital. Following this, the paper moves on to explain how these connections manifest in the ELT industry to influence the lives of ‘non-native speaker’ teachers in terms of student perceptions, self-perceptions, and professional discrimination, and how these are both influential on, and propagated by, the sales rhetoric of the ELT industry. Finally some suggestions are given for possible avenues of future research.
The Study of Seasonal Changes of Permanent Stations Coordinates based on Weekly EPN Solutions
Authors: Maciuk Kamil 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Daily and weekly coordinates solutions of GNSS permanent stations operating within EPN network allows to track long-term changes of coordinates caused e.g. by the local and global movements of tectonic plates. They are therefore an excellent tool for testing stability and repeatability of stations position. The article presents an analysis of coordinates changes of selected reference stations based on weekly EPN solutions. In addition the author proposes parameters of approximating function by assuming an existence of periodic, annually repeatable trend. The author performed also an independent fitting function for two different periods of two ITRF frames of routine time analysis and reprocessing.
A Monte Carlo Analysis for Collision Risk Assessment on Vega Launcher Payloads and LARES Satellite
Authors: Sindoni G. , Ciufolini I. , Battie F. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This work has been developed in the framework of the LARES mission of the Italian Space Agency (ASI). The LARES satellite has been built to test, with high accuracy, the frame–dragging effect predicted by the theory of General Relativity, specifically the Lense–Thirring drag of its node. LARES was the main payload in the qualification flight of the European Space Agency launcher VEGA. A concern arose about the possibility of an impact between the eight secondary payloads among themselves, with LARES and with the last stage of the launcher (AVUM). An impact would have caused failure on the payloads and the production of debris in violation of the space debris mitigation measures established internationally. As an additional contribution, this study allowed the effect of the payload release on the final manoeuvers of the AVUM to be understood.
Phase II Trial of Bevacizumab in Combination With Temozolomide as First-Line Treatment in Patients With Metastatic Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Piperno-Neumann Sophie , Diallo Alhassane , Etienne-Grimaldi Marie-Christine , Bidard François-Clément , Rodrigues Manuel , Plancher Corine , Mariani Pascale , Cassoux Nathalie , Decaudin Didier , Asselain Bernard , Servois Vincent 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Lessons Learned
Trials dedicated to metastatic uveal melanoma are needed because of the poor prognosis of this rare cancer and because its biology is distinct from that of cutaneous melanoma. Agents targeting the MEK/ERK/MAP kinase pathways are being tested.

Background.
In experimental models, bevacizumab suppressed in vitro growth and in vivo hepatic metastasis of ocular melanoma cells. Additional preclinical data suggested a potential benefit when combining bevacizumab with dacarbazine.

Methods.
This noncomparative phase II study evaluated a combination of bevacizumab (10 mg/kg on days 8 and 22) with temozolomide (150 mg/m2 on days 1–7 and 15–21) in 36 patients with metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM). The primary endpoint was the progression-free rate (PFR) at 6 months. Using a modified 2-step Fleming plan, at least 10 of 35 patients were required to support a predefined PFR at 6 months of 40%. Secondary objectives were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety; liver perfusion computed tomography (CT) for response imaging; and impact of VEGF-A gene polymorphisms on bevacizumab pharmacodynamics.

Results.
First- and second-step analyses revealed nonprogression at 6 months in 3 of 17 and 8 of 35 patients, respectively. Finally, the 6-month PFR was 23% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10–39), with long-lasting stable disease in 5 patients (14%). Median PFS and OS were 12 weeks and 10 months, respectively. No unexpected toxicity occurred. Liver perfusion CT imaging was not useful in assessing tumor response, and VEGF-A gene polymorphisms were not correlated with toxicity or survival.

Conclusion.
In patients with MUM, a combination of bevacizumab plus temozolomide achieved a 6-month PFR of 23%.
THE TALE OF THE TWO TAILS OF THE OLDISH PSR J2055+2539
Authors: Marelli Martino , Pizzocaro Daniele , Luca Andrea De , Gastaldello Fabio , Caraveo Patrizia , Parkinson Pablo Saz 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We analyzed a deep XMM-Newton observation of the radio-quiet γ-ray PSR J2055+2539. The spectrum of the X-ray counterpart is nonthermal, with a photon index of Γ = 2.36 ± 0.14 (1σ confidence). We detected X-ray pulsations with a pulsed fraction of 25% ± 3% and a sinusoidal shape. Taking into account considerations on the γ-ray efficiency of the pulsar and on its X-ray spectrum, we can infer a pulsar distance ranging from 450 to 750 pc. We found two different nebular features associated with PSR J2055+2539 and protruding from it. The angle between the two nebular main axes is ∼162.°8 ± 0.°7. The main, brighter feature is 12′ long and <20″ thick, characterized by an asymmetry with respect to the main axis that evolves with the distance from the pulsar, possibly forming a helical pattern. The secondary feature is 250″ × 30″. Both nebulae present an almost flat brightness profile with a sudden decrease at the end. The nebulae can be fitted by either a power-law model or a thermal bremsstrahlung model. A plausible interpretation of the brighter nebula is in terms of a collimated ballistic jet. The secondary nebula is most likely a classical synchrotron-emitting tail.