bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELDS DERIVED FROM SIMULTANEOUS MICROWAVE AND EUV OBSERVATIONS AND COMPARISON WITH THE POTENTIAL FIELD MODEL
Authors: Miyawaki Shun , iwai Kazumasa , Shibasaki Kiyoto , Shiota Daikou , Nozawa Satoshi 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We estimated the accuracy of coronal magnetic fields derived from radio observations by comparing them to potential field calculations and the differential emission measure measurements using EUV observations. We derived line-of-sight components of the coronal magnetic field from polarization observations of the thermal bremsstrahlung in the NOAA active region 11150, observed around 3:00 UT on 2011 February 3 using the Nobeyama Radioheliograph at 17 GHz. Because the thermal bremsstrahlung intensity at 17 GHz includes both chromospheric and coronal components, we extracted only the coronal component by measuring the coronal emission measure in EUV observations. In addition, we derived only the radio polarization component of the corona by selecting the region of coronal loops and weak magnetic field strength in the chromosphere along the line of sight. The upper limits of the coronal longitudinal magnetic fields were determined as 100–210 G. We also calculated the coronal longitudinal magnetic fields from the potential field extrapolation using the photospheric magnetic field obtained from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. However, the calculated potential fields were certainly smaller than the observed coronal longitudinal magnetic field. This discrepancy between the potential and the observed magnetic field strengths can be explained consistently by two reasons: (1) the underestimation of the coronal emission measure resulting from the limitation of the temperature range of the EUV observations, and (2) the underestimation of the coronal magnetic field resulting from the potential field assumption.
MAGNETIC FLUX SUPPLEMENT TO CORONAL BRIGHT POINTS
Authors: Mou Chaozhou , Huang Zhenghua , Xia Lidong , Madjarska Maria S. , Li Bo , Fu Hui , Jiao Fangran , Hou Zhenyong 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Coronal bright points (BPs) are associated with magnetic bipolar features (MBFs) and magnetic cancellation. Here we investigate how BP-associated MBFs form and how the consequent magnetic cancellation occurs. We analyze longitudinal magnetograms from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager to investigate the photospheric magnetic flux evolution of 70 BPs. From images taken in the 193 Å passband of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) we dermine that the BPs’ lifetimes vary from 2.7 to 58.8 hr. The formation of the BP MBFs is found to involve three processes, namely, emergence, convergence, and local coalescence of the magnetic fluxes. The formation of an MBF can involve more than one of these processes. Out of the 70 cases, flux emergence is the main process of an MBF buildup of 52 BPs, mainly convergence is seen in 28, and 14 cases are associated with local coalescence. For MBFs formed by bipolar emergence, the time difference between the flux emergence and the BP appearance in the AIA 193 Å passband varies from 0.1 to 3.2 hr with an average of 1.3 hr. While magnetic cancellation is found in all 70 BPs, it can occur in three different ways: (I) between an MBF and small weak magnetic features (in 33 BPs); (II) within an MBF with the two polarities moving toward each other from a large distance (34 BPs); (III) within an MBF whose two main polarities emerge in the same place simultaneously (3 BPs). While an MBF builds up the skeleton of a BP, we find that the magnetic activities responsible for the BP heating may involve small weak fields.
TESTS OF THE EINSTEIN EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE USING TeV BLAZARS
Authors: Wei Jun-Jie , Wang Jie-Shuang , Gao He , Wu Xue-Feng 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
The observed time delays between different energy bands from TeV blazars provide a new, interesting way of testing the Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP). If the whole time delay is assumed to be dominated by the gravitational field of the Milky Way, the conservative upper limit on the EEP can be estimated. Here, we show that the strict limits on the differences of the parameterized post-Newtonian parameter γ values are

for Mrk 421 and

for Mrk 501, while expanding the scope of the tested EEP energy range out to the TeV–keV range for the first time. With the small time lag from the 0.2–0.8 TeV and >0.8 TeV light curves of PKS 2155-304, a much more severe constraint on γ differences of ∼10−6 can be achieved, although the energy difference is of the order of ∼TeV. Furthermore, we can combine these limits on the energy dependence of γ with the bound on the absolute γ value

from light deflection measurements at the optical (eV) bands, and conclude that this absolute bound on γ can be extended from optical to TeV energies.
IMPRINTS OF RADIAL MIGRATION ON THE MILKY WAY’S METALLICITY DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS
Authors: Loebman Sarah R. , Debattista Victor P. , Nidever David L. , Hayden Michael R. , Holtzman Jon A. , Clarke Adam J. , Roškar Rok , Valluri Monica 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent analysis of the SDSS-III/Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) Data Release 12 stellar catalog has revealed that the Milky Way’s (MW) metallicity distribution function (MDF) changes shape as a function of radius, transitioning from being negatively skewed at small Galactocentric radii to positively skewed at large Galactocentric radii. Using a high-resolution, N-body+SPH simulation, we show that the changing skewness arises from radial migration—metal-rich stars form in the inner disk and subsequently migrate to the metal-poorer outer disk. These migrated stars represent a large fraction (

) of the stars in the outer disk; they populate the high-metallicity tail of the MDFs and are, in general, more metal-rich than the surrounding outer disk gas. The simulation also reproduces another surprising APOGEE result: the spatially invariant high-[α/Fe] MDFs. This arises in the simulation from the migration of a population formed within a narrow range of radii (3.2 ±1.2 kpc) and time (8.8 ± 0.6 Gyr ago), rather than from spatially extended star formation in a homogeneous medium at early times. These results point toward the crucial role radial migration has played in shaping our MW.
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs for Axial Spondyloarthritis: A Cochrane Review
Authors: Kroon Féline P.B. , van der Burg Lennart R.A. , Ramiro Sofia , Landewé Robert B.M. , Buchbinder Rachelle , Falzon Louise , van der Heijde Désirée 
Published: February 2016

Objective.To determine the benefits and harms of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).Methods.Systematic review using Cochrane Collaboration methodology. Inclusion criteria: randomized controlled trials (RCT) and quasi-RCT (to June 2014), investigating NSAID versus any control for axSpA, and observational studies of longterm effects (≥ 6 mos) of NSAID on radiographic progression or adverse events. Main outcomes were pain, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, radiographic progression, number of withdrawals because of adverse events, and number of serious adverse events. Risk of bias was assessed.Results.Thirty-five RCT, 2 quasi-RCT, and 2 cohort studies were included. Twenty-nine RCT and 2 quasi-RCT (n = 4356) were included in pooled analyses [traditional NSAID vs placebo (n = 5), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) vs placebo (n = 3), COX-2 vs traditional NSAID (n = 4), NSAID vs NSAID (n = 24), naproxen vs other NSAID (n = 3), and low- vs high-dose NSAID (n = 5)]. Compared with placebo, both traditional and COX-2 NSAID were consistently more efficacious at 6 weeks and equally safe after 12 weeks. No significant differences in benefits or harms between the 2 NSAID classes and no important differences in benefits or withdrawals because of adverse events between different NSAID were found, especially if studies with high risk of bias were excluded. Single studies suggest NSAID may retard radiographic progression, especially by continuous rather than on-demand NSAID use.Conclusion.High-quality evidence indicates that both traditional and COX-2 NSAID are efficacious for treating axSpA, and harms are not different from placebo in the short term. Various NSAID are equally effective.
La violence sans fin
Authors: Fœssel Michaël 
Published: February 2016

Alors qu’au début de la modernité, les violences étaient assignées à des fins historiques, notre époque ne sait plus convertir des violences qui se perpétuent pour elles-mêmes, sans lien avec la politique. Pouvons-nous encore leur opposer l’exercice collectif et libre du pouvoir ? La technicisation de l’armement nous confronte à des violences intolérables, dépolitisées et interminables.
La nomination identitaire : de l’inapproprié aux réappropriations
Authors: Richard Arnaud , Fauré Laurent 
Published: February 2016

Nous poserons d’abord la nomination identitaire comme un acte de nomination spécifique avec un renforcement de la dimension expressive du point de vue dans l’acte de nomination et dans l’ethos de l’énonciateur. Notre étude s’applique à des corpus récents accessibles via les réseaux sociaux (Twitter, Facebook) et aux discours qu’ils exhibent. Nous observons les publications de messages d’humeur ou commentaires (tweets) et les noms de groupes virtuels qui rassemblent à partir d’un dénominateur commun (ici une apparence ou une appartenance voire une affiliation). En prenant soin de distinguer les productions interreliées d’auto-nomination, d’hétéro-nomination, nous analysons la mise en mot de l’identité dite « métisse », pour certains « hybrides », avec des actualisations comme Métis(se) , Mulâtre(sse) , Chinoir(e) , etc. Notre approche vise à questionner, d’une part, la légitimité de l’usage de certaines dénominations constitutives, entre autres, de phénomènes métadiscursifs de gloses et, d’autre part, les débats sur les emplois de termes ciblés.
Capitalisme néo-managérial de grandes entreprises et leurs réseaux régionaux de PME : à propos de la financiarisation de l’économie française
Authors: Guillas-Cavan Kevin 
Published: February 2016

Le capitalisme français, loin d’avoir imité les pratiques anglo-saxonnes comme une lecture superficielle de ses transformations pourrait le laisser penser, demeure caractérisé par des traits étatistes, patrimoniaux et managériaux. S’il est coordonné, c’est d’une manière originale, très différente du capitalisme rhénan traditionnel où l’ensemble des entreprises de taille similaire étaient liées par des réseaux très denses de participations croisées et où l’ensemble de ces réseaux étaient coordonnés par trois grandes banques, elles-mêmes très liées. Le capitalisme français offre le spectacle d’une économie de réseaux régionaux autonomes organisés autour d’une grande entreprise qui, malgré les apparences, ne s’est pas recentrée sur son cœur de métier pour extraire de la valeur en pressurant ses sous-traitants, mais qui, parallèlement à ce mouvement, a entrepris de moderniser « ses » PME et ETI. Nous montrerons ainsi que le capitalisme français n’est ni un capitalisme libéral entravé par des reliquats d’étatisme à vouer aux gémonies, ni un capitalisme mal-coordonné, mais bien un système singulier et efficace sur le long terme en termes d’investissements et, dans une moindre mesure, d’innovation.
Unaugmented Muscle Union Surgery for Heavy Eye Syndrome Without Combined Medial Rectus Recession
Authors: Bansal Shveta , Marsh Ian B. 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
Simple loop myopexy or retro-equitorial muscle union surgery has been shown to effectively treat the strabismus seen in heavy eye syndrome. In most cases, this has been described with combined recession of the medial rectus muscle, particularly where medial rectus contracture was demonstrated on forced duction testing intraoperatively. The authors report the outcomes of muscle union surgery alone without combined medial rectus recession in 29 eyes with heavy eye syndrome.

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted of 26 patients and 29 eyes with heavy eye syndrome treated with a simple loop myopexy procedure. The preoperative and postoperative deviations in primary position were measured along with restriction in ocular motility in abduction and elevation. Patients with residual esotropia and/or persistence of symptoms were offered a second-stage medial rectus recession procedure.

Results:
In 21 patients, muscle union was sufficient in improving the diplopia or cosmetic appearance of the eyes. In these cases, the average preoperative deviation improved from 21.2 ± 16.3 to 5.5 ± 9.1 prism diopters (PD). Eight eyes went on to have a second-stage medial rectus recession with excellent outcomes.

Conclusions:
The authors found that muscle union surgery alone is an effective and successful procedure in restoring the ocular motility disturbance and also in treating heavy eye syndrome. There was a much lower incidence (up to 70% lower) of medial rectus recession than other similar case series. There were no cases of overcorrection and no complications.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabisumus
. 2016;53(1):40–43.]
Macular Thickness Following Strabismus Surgery as Determined by Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Mintz Hilla Reiss , Waisbourd Michael , Kessner Rivka , Stolovitch Chaim , Dotan Gad , Neudorfer Meira 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To investigate macular changes following strabismus surgery by using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods:
The authors prospectively evaluated 60 eyes of 30 patients undergoing unilateral extraocular muscle surgery. OCT measurements employing the fast macular thickness mapping protocol were performed 1 day prior to surgery and 1 day postoperatively. Postoperative macular changes in the study eye that was operated on (n = 30) were compared with the fellow control eye (n = 30, controls).

Results:

There was an increase in mean ± standard deviation central foveal thickness (CFT) in the operated eyes, from 201.63 ± 18.36 µm at baseline to 206.03 ± 22.73 µm postoperatively (
P
= .024). Preoperative and postoperative perifoveal outer temporal quadrant thicknesses were 220.10 ± 16.23 and 225.80 ± 14.78 µm, respectively (
P
= .009). There were no differences between preoperative and postoperative retinal thickness measurements for all measured areas in the control eyes. Eyes that underwent surgery involving the rectus muscles showed a trend toward a greater CFT increase compared with eyes that had oblique muscle surgery (
P
= .070).

Conclusions:
The authors found subclinical increases in the foveal and perifoveal macular thicknesses following extraocular muscle surgery. These findings could be attributed to change in the mechanical forces caused by the new position of the extraocular muscles and transmitted via the sclera or, alternatively, to postoperative inflammation and alterations in the blood–retinal barrier. The clinical implications of these findings remain to be clarified.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2016;53(1):11-15.]
Dectin-1 Controls TLR9 Trafficking to Phagosomes Containing β-1,3 Glucan
Authors: Khan Nida S. , Kasperkovitz Pia V. , Timmons Allison K. , Mansour Michael K. , Tam Jenny M. , Seward Michael W. , Reedy Jennifer L. , Puranam Sravanthi , Feliu Marianela , Vyas Jatin M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Dectin-1 and TLR9 play distinct roles in the recognition and induction of innate immune responses to Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. Dectin-1 is a receptor for the major fungal cell wall carbohydrate β-1,3 glucan that induces inflammatory cytokines and controls phagosomal maturation through spleen tyrosine kinase activation. TLR9 is an endosomal TLR that also modulates the inflammatory cytokine response to fungal pathogens. In this study, we demonstrate that β-1,3 glucan beads are sufficient to induce dynamic redistribution and accumulation of cleaved TLR9 to phagosomes. Trafficking of TLR9 to A. fumigatus and C. albicans phagosomes requires Dectin-1 recognition. Inhibition of phagosomal acidification blocks TLR9 accumulation on phagosomes containing β-1,3 glucan beads. Dectin-1–mediated spleen tyrosine kinase activation is required for TLR9 trafficking to β-1,3 glucan–, A. fumigatus–, and C. albicans–containing phagosomes. In addition, Dectin-1 regulates TLR9-dependent gene expression. Collectively, our study demonstrates that recognition of β-1,3 glucan by Dectin-1 triggers TLR9 trafficking to β-1,3 glucan–containing phagosomes, which may be critical in coordinating innate antifungal defense.
Anti-C1q Autoantibodies from Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Induce a Proinflammatory Phenotype in Macrophages
Authors: Thanei Sophia , Trendelenburg Marten 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Anti-C1q autoantibodies (anti-C1q) are frequently found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and correlate with the occurrence of proliferative lupus nephritis. A previous study of anti-C1q in experimental lupus nephritis demonstrated an important role for FcγRs in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis, suggesting a direct effect on phagocytes. Therefore, we developed an in vitro model to study the effect of SLE patient–derived anti-C1q bound to immobilized C1q (imC1q) on human monocyte-derived macrophages (HMDMs) obtained from healthy donors and SLE patients. HMDMs were investigated by analyzing the cell morphology, LPS-induced cytokine profile, surface marker expression, and phagocytosis rate of apoptotic Jurkat cells. Morphologically, bound anti-C1q induced cell aggregations of HMDMs compared with imC1q or IgG alone. In addition, anti-C1q reversed the effect of imC1q alone, shifting the LPS-induced cytokine release toward a proinflammatory response. FcγR-blocking experiments revealed that the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was mediated via FcγRII. The anti-C1q–induced inflammatory cytokine profile was accompanied by a downregulation of CD163 and an upregulation of LPS-induced CD80, CD274, and MHC class II. Finally, HMDMs primed on bound anti-C1q versus imC1q alone displayed a significantly lower phagocytosis rate of early and late apoptotic cells accompanied by a reduced Mer tyrosine kinase expression. Interestingly, anti-C1q–dependent secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was similar in SLE patient–derived cells, with the exception that IL-10 was slightly increased. In conclusion, anti-C1q induced a proinflammatory phenotype in HMDMs reversing the effects of imC1q alone. This effect might exacerbate underlying pathogenic mechanisms in lupus nephritis.
LLT1 and CD161 Expression in Human Germinal Centers Promotes B Cell Activation and CXCR4 Downregulation
Authors: Llibre Alba , López-Macías Constantino , Marafioti Teresa , Mehta Hema , Partridge Amy , Kanzig Carina , Rivellese Felice , Galson Jacob D. , Walker Lucy J. , Milne Paul , Phillips Rodney E. , Kelly Dominic F. , Freeman Gordon J. , El Shikh Mohey Eldin , Klenerman Paul , Willberg Christian B. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Germinal centers (GCs) are microanatomical structures critical for the development of high-affinity Abs and B cell memory. They are organized into two zones, light and dark, with coordinated roles, controlled by local signaling. The innate lectin-like transcript 1 (LLT1) is known to be expressed on B cells, but its functional role in the GC reaction has not been explored. In this study, we report high expression of LLT1 on GC-associated B cells, early plasmablasts, and GC-derived lymphomas. LLT1 expression was readily induced via BCR, CD40, and CpG stimulation on B cells. Unexpectedly, we found high expression of the LLT1 ligand, CD161, on follicular dendritic cells. Triggering of LLT1 supported B cell activation, CD83 upregulation, and CXCR4 downregulation. Overall, these data suggest that LLT1–CD161 interactions play a novel and important role in B cell maturation within the GC in humans.
Histochemistry in biology and medicine: a message from the citing journals
Authors: Pellicciari Carlo 
Published: February 2016

Especially in recent years, biomedical research has taken advantage of the progress in several disciplines, among which microscopy and histochemistry. To assess the influence of histochemistry in the biomedical field, the articles published during the period 2011-2015 have been selected from different databases and grouped by subject categories: as expected, biological and biomedical studies where histochemistry has been used as a major experimental approach include a wide of basic and applied researches on both humans and other animal or plant organisms. To better understand the impact of histochemical publications onto the different biological and medical disciplines, it was useful to look at the journals where the articles published in a multidisciplinary journal of histochemistry have been cited: it was observed that, in the five-years period considered, 20% only of the citations were in histochemical periodicals, the remaining ones being in journals of Cell & Tissue biology, Â general and experimental Medicine, Oncology, Biochemistry & Molecular biology, Neurobiology, Anatomy & Morphology, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Reproductive biology, Veterinary sciences, Physiology, Endocrinology, Tissue engineering & Biomaterials, Â as well as in multidisciplinary journals.It is easy to foresee that also in the future the histochemical journals will be an attended forum for basic and applied scientists in the biomedical field. It will be crucial that these journals be open to an audience as varied as possible, publishing articles on the application of refined techniques to very different experimental models: this will stimulate non-histochemist scientists to approach histochemistry whose application horizon could expand to novel and possibly exclusive subjects.
Role of Occupational Therapy in Case Management and Care Coordination for Clients With Complex Conditions
Authors: Robinson Monica , Fisher Thomas F. , Broussard Kim 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Specific aspects of the profession of occupational therapy support a distinct value for its practitioners participating fully in the development of case management and care coordination systems. The expectation in the 21st century is that the U.S. health care system must be transformed from one that promotes volume of service to one that promotes value of care. Case management and care coordination will be critical components of that transformation. Occupational therapy’s principles, education, practice, approach, and perspective offer much to benefit this increased attention to case management and care coordination. Occupational therapy practitioners should promote themselves and their profession as these system changes develop.