bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermo-responsible PNIPAM-grafted polystyrene microspheres for mesenchymal stem cells culture and detachment
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Cao Zida , Zhang Jingwei , Tian Jia , Cai Haibo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The preparation of cells is a critical step in cell therapy. To ensure the effectiveness of cells used for clinical treatments, it is essential to harvest adherent cells from the culture media in a way that preserves their high viability and full functionality. In this study, we developed temperature-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM)-grafted polystyrene (PS) microspheres using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. These microspheres allow for the non-destructive harvesting of cultured cells through temperature changes. The composition and physicochemical properties of the PNIPAM-grafted PS microspheres were confirmed using infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, dynamic light scattering, and thermogravimetric analysis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that these microspheres exhibit excellent biocompatibility, supporting the adhesion and proliferation of various cells. Moreover, the microspheres showed good temperature responsiveness in thermosensitive detachment experiments with GFP-HepG2 cells and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs). Additionally, through orthogonal experiments, we identified a cell detachment aid mixture that significantly improved the dispersibility of cells detached from the microspheres, enhancing the efficiency of thermosensitive cell detachment by approximately 40%. The harvested UC-MSCs retained their capacity for re-proliferation and trilineage differentiation. Consequently, the temperature-responsive microspheres developed in this study, combined with the cell detachment aid mixtures, hold great potential for large-scale culture and harvesting of therapeutic cells in clinical applications.
MPS blockade with liposomes controls pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles in a size-dependent manner
Authors: Belyaev Iaroslav B , Mirkasymov Aziz B , Rodionov Vladislav I , Babkova Julia S , Nikitin Petr I , Deyev Sergey M , Zelepukin Ivan V 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Pharmacokinetics of nanomedicines can be improved by a temporal blockade of mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS) through the interaction with other biocompatible nanoparticles. Liposomes are excellent candidates as blocking agents, but the efficiency of the MPS blockade can greatly depend on the liposome properties. Here, we investigated the dependence of the efficiency of the induced MPS blockade in vitro and in vivo on the size of blocking liposomes in the 100–500 nm range. Saturation of RAW 264.7 macrophage uptake was observed for phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol liposomes larger than 200 nm in vitro. In mice, liposomes of all sizes exhibited a blocking effect on liver macrophages, prolonging the circulation of subsequently administrated magnetic nanoparticles in the bloodstream, reducing their liver uptake, and increasing accumulation in the spleen and lungs. Importantly, these effects became more pronounced with the increase of liposome size. Optimization of the size of the blocking liposomes holds the potential to enhance drug delivery and improve cancer therapy.
TiO2 nanotube enhance osteogenesis through Kindlin-2/Integrin β1/YAP pathway-mediated mechanotransduction
Authors: Deng Qing , Yao Quanzhou , Wu Anhang , Li Jinsheng , Li Yingying , Tang Lingling , Zeng Huanghe , Chen Song , Guo Tailin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Titanium has been widely employed in the fields of orthopaedics and dentistry, attributed to its superior mechanical and biological properties. The mechanical stimulation induced by the titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (TNTs) morphology resulting from surface modification has been demonstrated to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Kindlin-2, a pivotal focal adhesion (FA) protein, is involved in mechanical signaling processes through the regulation of stress fibril filament assembly. Additional research is needed to clarify the involvement of Kindlin-2 in the mechanism of TNTs-induced osteogenic differentiation. This study systematically investigated the impact of Kindlin-2 on TNTs-induced osteogenesis and mechanotransduction. TiO2 nanotubes with diameters of approximately 30 nm (TNT-30) and 100 nm (TNT-100) were fabricated and characterized using anodic oxidation. The results showed that TNT-100 significantly increased the expression of Kindlin-2 and enhanced osteogenic differentiation compared to polished titanium and TNT-30. Additionally, Kindlin-2 promotes cytoskeleton assembly by regulating the integrin β1/FAK/RhoA signaling pathway, impacting osteogenic gene expression and BMSC differentiation in a Yes-associated protein-dependent manner. Therefore, these findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the fate of BMSCs on TNTs morphologies and provide a novel theoretical foundation for the development of advanced bone repair biomaterials.
Non-animal derived recombinant collagen-based biomaterials as a promising strategy towards adipose tissue engineering
Authors: Van Damme Lana , Blondeel Phillip , Van Vlierberghe Sandra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Adipose tissue engineering (ATE) has been gaining increasing interest over the past decades, offering promise for new and innovative breast reconstructive strategies. Animal-derived gelatin-methacryloyl (Gel-MA) has already been applied in a plethora of TE strategies. However, due to clinical concerns, related to the potential occurrence of immunoglobulin E-mediated immune responses and pathogen transmission, a shift towards defined, reproducible recombinant proteins has occurred. In the present study, a recombinant protein based on human collagen type I, enriched with arginine-glycine-aspartic acid was functionalized with photo-crosslinkable methacryloyl moieties (RCPhC1-MA), processed into 3D scaffolds and compared with frequently applied Gel-MA from animal origin using an indirect printing method applying poly-lactic acid as sacrificial mould. For both materials, similar gel fractions (>65%) and biodegradation times were obtained. In addition, a significantly lower mass swelling ratio (17.6 ± 1.5 versus 24.3 ± 1.4) and mechanical strength (Young’s modulus: 1.1 ± 0.2 kPa versus 1.9 ± 0.3 kPa) were observed for RCPhC1-MA compared to Gel-MA scaffolds. In vitro seeding assays showed similar cell viabilities (>80%) and a higher initial cell attachment for the RCPhC1-MA scaffolds. Moreover, the seeded adipose-derived stem cells could be differentiated into the adipogenic lineage for both Gel-MA and RCPhC1-MA scaffolds, showing a trend towards superior differentiation for the RCPhC1-MA scaffolds based on the triglyceride and Bodipy assay. RCPhC1-MA scaffolds could result in a transition towards the exploitation of non-animal-derived biomaterials for ATE, omitting any regulatory concerns related to the use of animal derived products.
Infinite temperature spin dc conductivity of the spin-1/2 XXZ chain
Authors: Ae Shinya 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Using the Bethe ansatz method and the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations for the higher-spin integrable XXZ chain, the regular zero frequency contribution to the spin current correlation (spin dc conductivity) is analyzed for the spin-1/2 XXZ chain with the anisotropy

0
⩽
Δ
<
1

. In the high temperature limit, we write down the dressed scattering kernels by one quasi-particle bare energies and exactly evaluate the spin dc conductivity at zero magnetic field, which is proportional to the inverse temperature β at the β → 0 limit. We find that the high temperature proportionality constant

σ
0

reg

of the spin dc conductivity is discontinuous at all rational numbers of the anisotropy parameter

p
0

=
π

/

cos

−
1

⁡
Δ
⩾
2

with the gap increasing larger than the second power of growing magnetization on one quasi-particle. The isotropic

Δ
=
1

point is exceptional. Close to this point,

σ
0

reg

slowly increases in proportion to the first power of the one quasi-particle magnetization. On the other hand,

σ
0

reg

is proportional to the second power of the same when p
0 approaches irrational numbers.
Shifting Toward Clean Energy Technology: Assessing Vietnam Critical Minerals Demand and Domestic Resources
Authors: Quoc Huy Phung , Sweetnam Glen E. , Thi Hien Tran 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Vietnam is progressing toward an energy transition to achieve the 2050 net-zero emissions target by switching from fossil fuel-based to clean energy technologies. According to Politburo’s Resolution No. 55, the renewable energy share in the total primary energy supply will account for 30% by 2045. The newly approved National Power Development Plan set the target to increase the renewables share to 63% of total installed capacity by 2050. The demand for clean energy equipment, such as solar photovoltaic modules, wind turbines, and batteries, is expected to grow rapidly as a result of the decarbonization pathways for the power and transportation sectors in the coming decades. The manufacturing of clean energy equipment will require substantial amounts of critical minerals. Therefore, this study evaluates the demand for major critical minerals in producing clean energy equipment, including cobalt, copper, lithium, nickel, silicon, and rare earth elements. The critical minerals demand is estimated based on critical mineral intensities and additional capacities of clean energy equipment to be installed in 2021-2030 and 2031-2050 stages under Vietnam’s current policies. The results show that the total critical minerals demand in 2021-2030 and 2031-2050 is estimated to increase approximately three-fold and 15-fold, respectively, compared to the 2021 level. Furthermore, the article reviews Vietnam’s critical mineral resources and the potential contribution to domestic and global supply in the coming years.
Progress on Biomass Coal Co-firing for Indonesia Power Plant
Authors: Pasek Ari D. , Soleh Mochamad , Juangsa Firman B. , Darmanto Prihadi S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
PT. PLN Indonesia Power (PLN IP) collaborated with other research institutions has conducted several studies to investigate the possibility of using biomass for co-firing with biomass in coal power plant. This review paper integrates results of the previous study results carried out by the authors. Biomass has some disguise disadvantageous such as low energy density, high alkaline metals, high volatile mater, handling difficulties, which may cause derating in power plant and some problem in the combustion facilities such as slagging, corrosion, abrasion, and agglomeration. The investigation carried out reveals that the use of multi-type biomass could eliminate the derating. The pre-treatment of the biomass such as drying and pelletizing could improve not only the energy density but also diminishing the slagging potential.
Decarbonizing Commercial Vehicles: Life Cycle Assessment of Diesel, Petrol and Electric Trucks
Authors: Indati Mustapa Siti , Ramachandaramurthy Vigna K , Mohammad Norsyahida , Shaikh Faheemullah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The electric vehicle (EV) landscape in Malaysia is still trailing behind the more established internal combustion engine industry. However, the promotion of EVs has become an increasing priority for the government, especially after committing to achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 at the earliest, as outlined in the 12th Malaysia Plan. Malaysia has set a target of having 1.5 million EVs by 2040, with a notable portion consisting of commercial EVs like buses and trucks. Developing the EV ecosystem and sustainable trucks in Malaysia faces challenges such as high costs and insufficient supporting infrastructure. This study aims to assess the Well-to-wheel life cycle of CO2 emissions and total cost of ownership (TCO) of diesel trucks (DTs), petrol trucks (PTs), and electric trucks (ETs). The study employs IPCC 2006 guidelines to estimate CO2 emissions and a TCO assessment method. The results indicate that the average CO2 emissions of ET are 38% lower than those of DT, and 33% lower than PT. Furthermore, the TCO of ET is 30% and 15% higher than that of DT and PT, respectively. Despite the higher cost, the study concludes that ETs display superior performance in terms of CO2 emission reduction. These findings contribute significantly to the development of policies and knowledge aimed at promoting sustainable trucks, aligning with the country’s net-zero goals.
Accelerating power grid interconnectivity in Southeast Asia: a private sector perspective
Authors: Chen Jennifer , Apañada Marlon , Gonçalves Tatsatom 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Integrating the power systems between member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) can facilitate economic growth for the region and enable businesses to cost-effectively procure reliable, clean electricity. As corporations strengthen their clean energy commitments, the grid becomes an important enabler of power sector emissions reductions as well as economic development. This paper offers perspectives from the Asia Clean Energy Coalition (ACEC) on the importance of renewing the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) on the ASEAN Power Grid, focusing on accelerated implementation to expand multilateral power trade and cross-border grid interconnections. ACEC consists of clean energy buyers, sellers, and financiers that can drive economic growth. It supports strengthening the ASEAN Power Grid MOU to recognise the importance of holistic regional grid planning, prioritising interconnectors that scale up clean energy, harmonising regulatory and technical frameworks, and making data accessible to facilitate multilateral power trade and clean energy tracking.
Thermodynamic Metallurgical Analyses of a Sustainable Copper Production in Philippines
Authors: Evidente Ralph Carlo T. , Esguerra Marc Jazer F. , Agron Danielle Jaye S. , Avena Louise Grace S. , Almendrala Michelle C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper provides the thermodynamic metallurgical analyses for the copper production of the Philippine Associated Smelting and Refining (PASAR). Unlike the traditional processes, PASAR limits the amount of waste vaporization through utilizing sustainable mining. This involves the waste from manufacturing the by-products were further treated to reduce the impact of the plant operation to the environment. Additionally, the paper discusses in detail the processes used in the manufacture of the PASAR refinery’s main product – copper cathodes. The pyrometallurgical treatment of the concentrate feed starts with flash a melting process, where matte and slag are separated, followed by converting where the latter is blown with oxygen to remove impurities. The resulting blister copper is further refined via anode furnace and electrolysis, producing 99.99% purity copper. Subsequently, the paper describes the thermodynamic and kinetic factors that influence the respective compositions of the matte and slag in the said pyrometallurgical processes.
Assessing the Vulnerability of Phu Quoc Island’s Natural and Socio-economic Systems to Climate Change
Authors: Tri Dao Manh , Tien Dao Manh 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Phu Quoc Island, a popular coastal destination in Vietnam, faces increasing vulnerability to climate change, particularly sea level rise. This study delves into the landscape of sea level rise vulnerability across diverse sectors and geographies within Phu Quoc. The study examines various sectors and geographic locales, shedding light on the impacts under the 50 cm sea level rise scenario. Coastal regions, notably Duong Dong and An Thoi, stand as epicenters of vulnerability due to their high population density, extensive infrastructure, and pivotal economic sectors. Duong Dong, envisioned as a tourism hub, exhibits the highest vulnerability to climate change, exacerbated by potential issues in natural forest land planning and urban drainage infrastructure. The Agriculture-Fisheries sector faces substantial challenges, including the loss of arable land and declining catch volumes, underscoring the need for enhanced adaptive capacity. The study provides valuable insights for stakeholders, emphasizing the urgency of adaptive measures to mitigate sea level rise impacts in Phu Quoc.
Numerical Evaluation of the performance of different composite bridge decks.
Authors: Elsawy Ehab , Seleem Mostafa , Esa Moustafa , Osman Ashraf 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A comparative analysis was conducted to facilitate the selection of composite bridge deck configurations. Composite bridge decks, with their lightweight design, corrosion resistance, prefabrication, reduced construction time, and wide design flexibility, reduce substructure costs and offer durability. Static and buckling analyses were conducted using finite element software to compare their weight, stiffness, composite inverse reverse factor, and buckling resistance. The analyses considered the same boundary conditions, loads, composite layup configuration, and material mechanical properties. Various geometries were selected from different literature to evaluate their performance and identify an appropriate design. This paper presents a numerical investigation into the structural performance of five different composite bridge decks under the same conditions. G. Rectangle emerged as the easiest manufacturing deck, consisting of pultruded rectangle tubes, and the worst deck for deflection and buckling. The G. Triangle has the lowest deflection and the highest strain energy density. The G. Arch distinguished as the lightest bridge deck, also has good performance against buckling and a low strain energy density. Finally, the G. 2Trapezoidal and G. Trapezoidal have better total performance than all other decks as they have the highest inertia.
Smart Materials for Modern Facades: An AI-Powered Selection Process
Authors: Amer N , Nagy G 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
According to the mid-21st century’s technological advancements, artificial intelligence has gained popularity as a transformative tool due to its immense integration in the evolving field of architecture. Evidently, it is being used in the building skin design to enhance the energy efficiency and to reduce the continuously rising energy waste and consumption problem in office buildings. Despite AI’s immense advancements, it lacks sufficient data with regards to the turf of smart skin design in office building for energy optimisation. Hence, this research aims to develop a framework for the optimal integration of artificial intelligence in the selection process of smart materials for energy efficient design for office buildings’ skin. To reach this aim, a mixed-method approach using quantitative and qualitative analysis will be implemented. First, theoretical research utilising archives and case study analysis is conducted to determine the various applications of AI in architecture, the components of a smart office building skin focusing on smart materials, the definition of energy efficiency and its measurement tools and the miscellaneous AI tools that are inaugurated to design an office building skin. As a result, a framework will be created by integrating the optimal AI tools in the selection process of smart materials for energy efficient smart skin design. Second, the applied studies are performed using empirical and experimental analysis to test and support the framework through case study analysis and comparison to test the framework obtained from the literature review aiming to cover the gap identified in the selection process of the materials.
Examining the Realization of Residential Satisfaction in the State’s New Housing Projects, with Reference to Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Gamal Mabrouk Hady , Elfiki Sherif , Fahmy Amgad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Egypt is currently witnessing unprecedented development in the sector of low-income housing. Up to this point, little research has been conducted to determine how such projects contribute to genuine residents’ satisfaction. Residential satisfaction refers to the sense of contentment that one experiences when their housing needs are met. Residential satisfaction was intended to reveal not just what the existing living conditions were like but also which aspects the government should focus on improving for future low-income housing schemes. The concept of residency encompasses physical, psychological, and social aspects, making it a multifaceted and intricate idea. This paper will address residential satisfaction in relation to the three domains: housing unit, neighborhood, and social environment, as well as the socio-economic characteristics of the occupants, which have also received relatively little investigation. The objective of this study is to identify the factors that contribute to the residential satisfaction of low-income housing in Al-Asmarat. The study adopts a quantitative analysis of a purpose-designed questionnaire survey that investigates residential satisfaction in one of the state’s new low-income housing projects. Data was collected from 120 respondents living in the Al-Asmarat project to evaluate their residential satisfaction. The results showed that residents expressed high levels of satisfaction with many aspects of their new housing project and dissatisfaction with other aspects, for example: 1-Plumbing 2-Internet connection in Housing unit and 1-Living Costs 2-Job opportunities in Neighborhood. Additionally, residents prioritized the following parameters in housing units: level of quietness, residents’ sense of attachment to the unit, and proximity of services. Regarding the neighborhood, they prioritized: residents’ sense of attachment to the neighborhood; the level of street cleanliness; the presence of a youth center; positive official response to residents’ complaints; and aesthetic standards of the streets. Concerning the social environment, they prioritized: the strength of relations between neighbors and the degree of safety in Al-Asmarat city. In summary, it is suggested that the findings of this study may help developers and policymakers improve future low-income housing projects in Egypt towards the development of a better built environment.
Sustainable Strategies Adaptation in Urban Public Spaces of New Cairo Agglomerations
Authors: Nayer Aida , Awad Abdelhamed Soliman Samar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sustainable strategies for urban space management induce the effects of quality of life in new cities. The main aspects that define sustainability in public spaces include the notion of efficiency for services and facilities provided in various sectors that affect people’s well-being and social behavior. Nevertheless, Egyptian Cities encounter challenges faced by the continuous urban sprawl that induces specific needs such as connectivity and management of public spaces, taking into consideration the importance of human scale and adaptive solutions on the level of Streetscape. The research fills the gap between users’ experience in public spaces and the missed opportunities in the extended urbanized context of urban development in the new Cairo residential districts. The methodology adopted consists firstly of an explicit literature review related to existing models assessing public behavior in urban spaces; secondly, a consistent empirical study for opportunities provided in an actual case study represented in the residual public space, and lastly by demonstrating public responsiveness using a structured interview to describe the way they interact in social and the public realm within the context of “the Park View” project. The research represents an explicit review of the actual streetscape impact on human social behavior. The conclusion incorporates highlights on the importance of defining a specific tool to assess public behavior in relation to provided configurations of existing public spaces to enable enhancement of inclusive experience of public spaces as an emergent reality to the notion of Urban Sprawl, within the context of New Cairo agglomerations.