bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduction in FEV1 following spinal anesthesia is associated with intraoperative complications: A prospective study
Authors: Agyei‐Fedieley Melody Kwatemah , Darkwa Ebenezer Owusu , Hayfron‐Benjamin Charles F. , Olufolabi Adeyemi , Atito‐Narh Evans , Agudogo Jerry , Dzudzor Bartholomew 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAlthough Spinal Anesthesia (SA) remains the technique of choice for many surgeries below the umbilicus, it is associated with multiple intraoperative complications. Sympathetic blockade and Bezold‐Jarisch reflex do not fully explain SA‐related cardiopulmonary complications. Reduction in FEV1 has been reported as a predictor of sudden cardiac death. This study aimed to determine the association between reduction in FEV1 following SA and adverse intraoperative cardiopulmonary complications.Materials and MethodsA prospective study of 48 patients of ASA status I and II with no history of primary cardiopulmonary disease scheduled for elective surgery under SA. Spirometry was performed based on ATS/ERS guidelines before induction and 30 min after induction of SA. FEV1% predicted was determined using GLI 2012 equations. Participants were grouped into two (∆FEV1% < 10% and ∆FEV1% ≥ 10%) based on reductions (∆) in FEV1% predicted following SA. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between ∆FEV1% and intraoperative hypoxia, hypotension, bradycardia, and nausea/vomiting, with adjustments for age, gender, and BMI.ResultsThe mean FEV1% predicted following SA was lower than the mean FEV1% predicted before SA (83.42 vs. 95.31, p = 0.001). In a fully adjusted model, ∆FEV1% ≥ 10% was associated with an increased risk of hypoxia [AOR 13.55; 95% CI, 1.07–171.24, p = 0.044]. The positive associations between ∆FEV1% ≥ 10% and hypotension [2.02 (0.33–12.46), 0.449], bradycardia [1.10 (0.28–4.25), 0.895] and nausea/vomiting [9.74 (0.52–183.94), 0.129] were not statistically significant.ConclusionReduction in FEV1% predicted following SA was associated with adverse intraoperative outcomes. FEV1 may play an important role in the association between SA and cardiopulmonary complications.
Health risk behaviors among medical and nursing students of Lumbini Medical College, Nepal: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Nepal Samata , Atreya Alok , Adhikari Kishor , Acharya Bhumika , Menezes Ritesh G. , Sapkota Laxmi Prasad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsHealthcare students are expected to lead healthy lives yet they may engage in health risk behaviors (HRBs) like physical inactivity, poor diet, and substance use. These behaviors can have negative consequences for both the individual's health and well‐being, as well as their ability to perform their future roles as healthcare providers. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HRBs and associated factors among medical and nursing students at Lumbini Medical College, Nepal.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among 412 undergraduate healthcare students using a self‐administered questionnaire. HRBs across various domains were assessed. Validated scales screened for anxiety and depression. Regression analyses determined associations between mental health and HRBs.ResultsLow physical activity was prevalent, with only 10.7% exercising ≥5 times/week. Inadequate fruit/vegetable intake (1–2 servings/day) was reported by 79.9% students. Short sleep duration (5–6 h) on weeknights (51.2%) was common. More than three quarter (76.5%) of students met the screening cutoff score for HRBs. The study highlighted that students with addiction, depression and anxiety are more likely to exhibit HRBs (p < 0.01).ConclusionMultiple HRBs were highly prevalent among the students. A considerable proportion demonstrated a clustering of risky lifestyle factors, which were linked to poor mental health. Interventions should address academic burden, promote positive health behaviors, and target mental well‐being in this vulnerable group.
Nonorthogonal stagnation‐point flow of micropolar fluid past a stretching sheet in the presence of thermal radiation and chemical reaction
Authors: Swapna T. , Salawu S. O. , Shamshuddin MD. , Sunder Ram M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis work has broad applications in areas such as materials engineering, particularly in the manufacturing of polymers, textile fibers, and nanocomposites, thus, inspired the study to examine a continuous two‐dimensional flow of micropolar fluid steadily fluctuated in an oblique impinging on a stretched surface theoretically and computationally. In addition, heat radiation and chemical reactions are taken into account in this work. The flow is composed of a uniform shear flow parallel to the sheet surface and a stagnation‐point flow. Assuming a linear variation in surface temperature, the sheet is extending at a velocity proportionate to the distance from the stagnation point. In terms of partial differential equations, the boundary‐layer regime under discussion is modeled. The nondimensional ordinary differential equations were developed using appropriate similarity variables via a similarity transformation approach. The most effective and powerful too of the numerical approach, known as the pseudospectral collocation technique, is used to solve the micropolar flow model problem. The velocity, angular velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are portrayed through graphs. Moreover, the impression of the input values on the wall drag coefficient, thermal, and solutal transfer rate are computed in a table. A table is used to compare the numerical findings with the results found in the literature to verify the correctness of the results. It is noted that there is great agreement between the found answer and the earlier investigations. Graphs are used to show the impacts of the relevant factors in the problem, which include the magnetic parameter, the impinging angle heat transfer characteristics, the Prandtl number, the Lewis number, Brownian motion, and the thermophoresis parameter.
Transferable, highly crystalline covellite membrane for multifunctional thermoelectric systems
Authors: Choi Myungwoo , Lee Geonhee , Lee Yea‐Lee , Lee Hyejeong , Yang Jin‐Hoon , Jang Hanhwi , Han Hyeonseok , Kang MinSoung , Yoo Seonggwang , Jang A‐Rang , Oh Yong Suk , Park Inkyu , Oh Min‐Wook , Shin Hosun , Jeon Seokwoo , Lee Jeong‐O , Cho Donghwi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEmerging freestanding membrane technologies, especially using inorganic thermoelectric materials, demonstrate the potential for advanced thermoelectric platforms. However, using rare and toxic elements during material processing must be circumvented. Herein, we present a scalable method for synthesizing highly crystalline CuS membranes for thermoelectric applications. By sulfurizing crystalline Cu, we produce a highly percolated and easily transferable network of submicron CuS rods. The CuS membrane effectively separates thermal and electrical properties to achieve a power factor of 0.50 mW m−1 K−2 and thermal conductivity of 0.37 W m−1 K−1 at 650 K (estimated value). This yields a record‐high dimensionless figure‐of‐merit of 0.91 at 650 K (estimated value) for covellite. Moreover, integrating 12 CuS devices into a module resulted in a power generation of ~4 μW at ΔT of 40 K despite using a straightforward configuration with only p‐type CuS. Furthermore, based on the temperature‐dependent electrical characteristics of CuS, we develop a wearable temperature sensor with antibacterial properties.image
Beyond the blues: The protective influence of adaptability and well‐being on university students' mental health
Authors: Zhang Keshun , Liu Wenshu , Wang Zhuo , Goetz Thomas , Lipnevich Anastasiya A. , Yanagida Takuya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionTheoretical approaches suggest that adaptability and well‐being could serve as protective factors in influencing mental health. However, it remains empirically unclear how students' prior adaptability and well‐being predict depression (and vice versa) in the long term. Hence, using a longitudinal design, the present study explores the reciprocal relations among university students' adaptability, well‐being, as well as depression before, during, and after the lockdown resulting from the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsIn a sample of 7527 Chinese university students (51.7% female; mean age = 18.38, standard deviation [SD] = 0.77), we measured adaptability, university‐related well‐being, and depression. Self‐report assessments were administered before (Time 1, October 2019), 1 year after (Time 2, March 2021), and 2 years after (Time 3, March 2022) the COVID‐19 outbreak in a comprehensive public university in China.ResultsCross‐lagged panel analysis revealed that prior adaptability and university‐related well‐being negatively predicted subsequent depression, even when statistically controlling for demographic factors such as gender, family economic status, and so on. Moreover, results showed positive reciprocal relations between adaptability and university‐related well‐being.ConclusionsFindings indicate that adaptability and university‐related well‐being have long‐term protective effects on the mental health of university students, which could mitigate the negative effects of COVID‐19 or other crises. The implications for practice and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Probing the performance of DFT in the structural characterization of [FeFe] hydrogenase models
Authors: Matczak Piotr , Buday Philipp , Kupfer Stephan , Görls Helmar , Mlostoń Grzegorz , Weigand Wolfgang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work, a series of DFT and DFT‐D methods is combined with double‐ζ basis sets to benchmark their performance in predicting the structures of five newly synthesized hexacarbonyl diiron complexes with a bridging ligand featuring a μ‐S2C3 motif in a ring‐containing unit functionalized with aromatic groups. Such complexes have been considered as [FeFe] hydrogenase catalytic site models with potential for eco‐friendly energetic applications. According to this assessment, r2SCAN is identified as the density functional recommended for the reliable description of the molecular and crystal structures of the herein studied models. However, the butterfly (μ‐S)2Fe2 core of the models demonstrates a minor deformation of its optimized geometry obtained from both molecular and periodic calculations. The FeFe bond length is slightly underestimated while the FeS bonds tend to be too long. Adding the D3(BJ) correction to r2SCAN does not lead to any improvement in the calculated structures.
Latin squares with five disjoint subsquares
Authors: Kemp Tara 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGiven an integer partition of , is it possible to find an order latin square with pairwise disjoint subsquares of orders ? This question was posed by Fuchs and has been answered for all partitions with . In this paper, we answer the question in the case and expand on results for special cases of this, such as when the largest part is at most three times the smallest part.
Population Pharmacokinetic Simulations for Dose Optimization of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in HIV‐Infected Patients with Moderate‐to‐Severe Renal Impairment
Authors: Boonpeng Apinya , Singkham Noppaket , Wutthikul Chanadda , Rattanakul Thanawan , Weeket Pinmanee , Saengpraphanan Chananan , Plaengnok Rungrawin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) requires dosage adjustments from the standard 300 mg once daily to every 48‐96 h for moderate‐to‐severe renal impairment to avoid excessive exposure. However, this extended interval can lead to variable drug exposure and inconvenience. This study aimed to utilize the population pharmacokinetic (PPK) models to optimize TDF dosing regimens for HIV‐infected patients with renal impairment. A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases to identify relevant PPK studies of TDF in HIV‐infected patients. From the included studies, the PPK models and associated parameters were extracted. Monte Carlo simulations (n = 2000) were performed to generate concentration–time profiles and derive PK parameters compared against reference ranges. For moderate renal impairment, the TDF 150 mg once‐daily regimen achieved cumulative exposure comparable to the approved 300 mg every‐other‐day regimen. In severe renal impairment, TDF 75‐100 mg administered once daily provided similar cumulative exposure as 300 mg every 72‐96 h regimen while maintaining daily exposure comparable to the standard dose in patients with normal renal function. The approved extended dosing intervals of 72‐96 h exhibited high drug exposure variability, initially resulting in supratherapeutic levels followed by suboptimal levels preceding the subsequent dose administration. In conclusion, administering smaller once‐daily doses of TDF maintains consistent daily drug exposure comparable to the standard dose in patients with normal renal function while reducing variability in drug exposure, potentially mitigating the risk of nephrotoxicity. However, additional clinical studies are required to confirm these findings.
Removal of impurities from industrial hydrogen peroxide using carbon‐based adsorbents
Authors: Yoneslouei Neda Hamzehzad , Meshkat Seyyed Salar , Behroozsarand Alireza , Afghan Arash 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAdsorption is a widely used technique for separating impurities in various industries. This method offers flexibility in design and operation and results in the production of high‐quality purified wastewater. This experimental research investigates the effectiveness of carbon‐based adsorbents, such as graphene, graphene oxide and carbon dots, in removing impurities and increasing hydrogen peroxide concentration through adsorption.RESULTSVarious characterization techniques were used to investigate each adsorbent's chemical properties and surface morphology, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. According to adsorption tests under the defined conditions, the synthesized graphene showed the highest efficiency in impurities removal from hydrogen peroxide, with purity level of 45%. Graphene showed higher efficiency than graphene oxide and carbon dot samples, with a purity of 36% and 32%, respectively. Various factors, such as time, temperature and adsorbent dosage, were investigated at different stages of the experiments. The results show that the adsorption of impurities on carbon‐based adsorbents is an exothermic process.CONCLUSIONIt was shown that graphene structure results in an adsorption capacity of up to 147.06 mg g−1, which was increased by 45% in comparison to graphene oxide and carbon dot as adsorbents. To gain further insights, isothermal and kinetic experiments on the adsorption of hydrogen peroxide were performed. The results indicate compliance with the Freundlich isotherm, suggesting multilayer adsorption and pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Simulating PFAS transport in effluent‐irrigated farmland using PRZM5, LEACHM, and HYDRUS‐1D models
Authors: Liao Shuchi , Garza‐Rubalcava Uriel , Abriola Linda M. , Preisendanz Heather E. , Lee Linda S. , Pennell Kurt D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractApplication of wastewater effluent to agricultural lands can serve as a sustainable approach to meet irrigation and nutrient needs for crop production. While nitrogen and phosphorous loadings can be effectively managed, concerns have been raised regarding the fate of emerging contaminants, including per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are widely detected in wastewater effluent. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the ability of three unsaturated flow and transport models, Pesticide Root Zone Model 5 (PRZM5), LEACHM, and HYDRUS‐1D, to predict the distribution of PFAS in the soil profile at the Pennsylvania State University Living Filter site, which has received daily wastewater effluent applications for several decades. The models were modified to include adsorption at the air–water interface (AWI), which has been shown to be an important factor governing PFAS transport and phase distribution in the vadose zone. Simulations showed that PRZM5 did not accurately reproduce the observed perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) behavior, which was attributed to the “tipping bucket” approach used for water flow that results in the disappearance of AWI during water flow. In contrast, both LEACHM and HYDRUS‐1D captured the observed retention of PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) over a 50‐year simulation period. Due to differences in the approach used to calculate the AWI area, LEACHM predicted greater accumulation of PFOS and PFOA at the AWI compared to HYDRUS‐1D. These findings indicate that mathematical models that directly account for unsaturated water flow and adsorption at the AWI are able to provide reasonable predictions of long‐term PFAS leaching resulting from land application of wastewater effluent.
Using syringe filtration after lab‐scale adsorption processes potentially overestimates PFAS adsorption removal efficiency from non‐conventional irrigation water
Authors: Zheng Yu‐Hua , Carter Erika , Zou Shiqiang , Williams Clinton F. , Chow Alex T. , Chen Huan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe adsorption process, known for its cost‐effectiveness and high efficiency, has been extensively investigated at the laboratory scale for removing per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from non‐conventional irrigation water. However, a syringe filtration step is commonly used when quantifying PFAS removal during this adsorption process, potentially leading to PFAS retention onto the filters and an overestimate of adsorption removal efficiency. Here, we assessed the retention of three prevalent PFAS (i.e., perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA], perfluorooctane sulfonic acid [PFOS], and perfluorobutanoic acid [PFBA]) on six syringe filters. When filtering distilled deionized water spiked with 1 µg/L and 100 µg/L of each PFAS, we observed the highest and lowest PFAS recovery percentages by mixed cellulose ester (MCE) (0.20 µm, 25 mm; 97 ± 11%, 101 ± 4.8%) and polytetrafluoroethylene (0.45 µm, 13 mm; 61 ± 37%, 80 ± 28%), respectively. Under the initial concentration of 1 µg/L and 100 µg/L, PFOS had recovery percentages of 55 ± 25% and 68 ± 24%, significantly lower than 96 ± 12% and 99 ± 5% for PFOA and 95 ± 8% and 97 ± 4% for PFBA, highlighting the importance of PFAS functional groups. PFAS recovery percentage increased with filtration volume in the order of 80 ± 28% (1 mL) < 85 ± 21% (5 mL) < 90 ± 18% (10 mL). Using MCE to filter treated municipal wastewater spiked with 1 µg/L and 100 µg/L of each PFAS, we found recovery percentages >90% for all three PFAS. Our study underscores the significance of syringe filter selection and potential overestimate of PFAS removal efficacy by the lab‐scale adsorption processes.
Isolation of CD63‐positive epididymosomes from human semen and its application in improving sperm function
Authors: Luo Jingwen , Zhu Shiqing , Kang Yafei , Liu Xinyu , Tan Xia , Zhao Jieyi , Ding Xiaofang , Li Honggang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly heterogeneous, and different EV subpopulations from various origins mediate different biological effects. The separation of different subpopulations of EVs from mixtures is critical but challenging. Epididymosomes are secreted by the epididymal epithelium and play a key role in sperm maturation and function. However, limited access to human epididymal tissue and epididymal fluid has hampered further study of epididymosomes and their potential clinical applications. Here, we established a novel strategy based on flow cytometry sorting to isolate human CD63‐positive epididymosomes from ejaculate. We identified CD52, a membrane‐located protein expressed exclusively in the epididymis, as the sorting marker for human epididymosomes. Then, CD63‐positive epididymosomes were isolated from human semen using a flow cytometry sorting instrument and concentrated. Additionally, we observed that isolated CD63‐positive epididymosomes improved sperm function more than other CD63‐positive seminal EV subpopulations did, demonstrating the successful isolation of a subpopulation of epididymosomes from human semen and their potential application in the clinic.
Understanding characteristics and trajectories of patients experiencing early death after interhospital transfer
Authors: Hadler Rachel A. , Yoon Catherine , Mueller Stephanie K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTwenty‐ to fifty‐thousand patients die annually within 72 h of interhospital transfer (early death after transfer; EDAT). The characteristics and trajectories of these patients are ill‐defined. In this retrospective cohort study, we characterized EDAT at three representative major referral centers. Primary outcomes included the presence and timing of goals of care (GOC) and/or prognostic discussions. Among 190 medical patients experiencing EDAT, 95 (50.0%) were >65 years, 115 (60.5%) male, and 137 (72.6%) White; 140 (73.7%) patients traveled >50 miles from home, and 174 (91.6%) were referred for specialty care. Whereas GOC were documented pretransfer for 40 patients (21.1%) and unknown for 97 patients (51%); 152 (80.0%) had posttransfer discussions, often within 24 h of death (125; 82.2%). Transfer >50 miles was associated with death ≤24 h after transfer and with posttransfer changes in code status. Further research is needed to evaluate disparities and describe the potential burdens of transfer at end‐of‐life. Infrequent pretransfer discussions of GOC suggest potential targets for improvement.
Evolution of Placentation in Eugongylini (Squamata: Scincidae): Ontogeny of Extraembryonic Membranes in Oviparous and Viviparous Species of New Zealand
Authors: Stewart James R. , Hare Kelly M. , Thompson Michael B. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNew Zealand scincid lizards, genus Oligosoma, represent a monophyletic radiation of a clade, Eugongylini, of species distributed geographically throughout the South Pacific with major radiations in Australia and New Caledonia. Viviparity has evolved independently on multiple occasions within these lineages. Studies of Australian species have revealed that placental specializations resulting in substantial placentotrophy have evolved in two lineages. The pattern of extraembryonic membrane development of oviparous species differs from viviparous species and identical placental architecture has evolved in both placentotrophic lineages. We analyzed extraembryonic membrane development in two New Zealand species, the sole oviparous species, Oligosoma suteri, and placental development of a representative viviparous species, Oligosoma polychroma, using histological techniques. We conclude that these two species share a basic pattern of extraembryonic membrane development with other squamates. Comparisons with Australian species indicate that morphogenesis of the yolk sac of O. suteri results in an elaborate structure previously known only in Oligosoma lichenigerum with a geographic distribution on Lord Howe Island and Norfolk Island. This finding supports a close relationship between these two taxa. We conclude also that the pattern of placental development of O. polychroma is identical to that of viviparous species of Australia. The terminal placental stage for each of these lineages includes a chorioallantoic placenta and an elaborate omphaloplacenta. This level of homoplasy in placental evolution is consistent with a hypothesis that selection favors regional differentiation of the maternal–embryonic interface and that the omphaloplacenta is an adaptation for histotrophic transport.