bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assembly of SnSe Nanoparticles Confined in Graphene for Enhanced Sodium‐Ion Storage Performance
Authors: Yang Xu , Zhang Rongyu , Chen Nan , Meng Xing , Yang Peilei , Wang Chunzhong , Zhang Yaoqing , Wei Yingjin , Chen Gang , Du Fei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted much interest as a low‐cost and environmentally benign energy storage system, but more attention is justifiably required to address the major technical issues relating to the anode materials to deliver high reversible capacity, superior rate capability, and stable cyclability. A SnSe/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite has been prepared by a facile ball‐milling method, and its structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties have been characterized and compared with those of the bare SnSe material. Although the redox behavior of SnSe remains nearly unchanged upon the incorporation of RGO, its electrochemical performance is significantly enhanced, as reflected by a high specific capacity of 590 mA h g−1 at 0.050 A g−1, a rate capability of 260 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1, and long‐term stability over 120 cycles. This improvement may be attributed to the high electronic conductivity of RGO, which also serves as a matrix to buffer changes in volume and maintain the mechanical integrity of the electrode during (de)sodiation processes. In view of its excellent Na+ storage performance, this SnSe/RGO nanocomposite has potential as an anode material for SIBs.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Thermal Expansion of Sr2IrO4: A Variable Temperature Synchrotron X‐Ray Diffraction Study.
Authors: Ranjbar Ben , Kennedy Brendan J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPolycrystalline Sr2IrO4 is prepared by calcination of a stoichiometric mixture of SrCO3 and Ir in air followed by annealing (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Color‐Tunable Photoluminescence and Energy Transfer Properties of Single‐Phase Ba10(PO4)6O:Eu2+, Mn2+ Phosphors.
Authors: Guo Qingfeng , Liao Libing , Mei Lefu , Liu Haikun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSingle‐phase Ba10‐x‐y (PO4)6O:xEu2+,yMn2+ phosphors are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of BaCO3, NH4H2PO4, Eu2O3, and MnCO3 (alumina crucibles, flowing 10% H2/90% N2, 1200 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Cs7Sm11[TeO3]12Cl16 and Rb7Nd11[TeO3]12Br16, the New Tellurite Halides of the Tetragonal Rb6LiNd11[SeO3]12Cl16 Structure Type.
Authors: Charkin Dmitri O. , Black Cameron , Downie Lewis J. , Sklovsky Dmitry E. , Berdonosov Peter S. , Olenev Andrei V. , Zhou Wuzong , Lightfoot Philip , Dolgikh Valery A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe new title compounds are prepared by a salt flux technique from mixtures of TeO2, LnOX (Ln: Sm, Nd; X: Cl, Br), and MX (M: Rb, Cs) in evacuated silica tubes (850 °C, 150 h, <80% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Polar Transition‐Metal Chalcogenide: Structure and Properties of the New Pseudo‐Hollandite Ba0.5Cr5Se8.
Authors: Lefevre Robin , Berthebaud David , Perez Olivier , Pelloquin Denis , Hebert Sylvie , Gascoin Franck 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPolycrystalline Ba0.5Cr5Se8 is prepared from a stoichiometric mixture of BaSe, Cr, and Se (alumina boat in sealed silica tube, 873 K, 2 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Borophosphate as a Potential Cathode for Lithium‐ and Sodium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Yaghoobnejad Asl Hooman , Stanley Patrick , Ghosh Kartik , Choudhury Amitava 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLi0.8Fe(H2O)2 [BP2O8]·H2O with a chiral 65 helical channel structure is prepared by hydrothermal reaction of a 15:0.1:0.45 molar solution of FeCl2, H3BO3, and LiOH in conc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution of a Silver‐Linked Hexaniobate Lindqvist Chain.
Authors: Wang Haiying , Liang Zhijie , Liu Qisen , Zhang Dongdi , Wang Jingping 
Published: December 2015

AbstractColorless single crystals of the polyoxoniobate K5 [H2AgNb6O19]·11H2O are synthesized by a combination of hydrothermal and diffusional methods from an aqueous mixture of K7HNb6O19, AgNO3, NH3, and HNO3 (autoclave, 160 °C, 22 h; 14% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Cyclopropanation of Conjugated Cyanosulfones Using a Novel Cupreine Organocatalyst: Rapid Access to δ3‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Aitken Lewis S. , Hammond Lisa E. , Sundaram Rajkumar , Shankland Kenneth , Brown Geoffrey D. , Cobb Alexander J. A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe cyclopropanation of cyanosulfones (I) in the presence of a new cupreine catalyst (PQN) gives rise to chiral cyclopropanes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Prolinamide‐Derived Ionic‐Liquid‐Supported Organocatalyst for Asymmetric Mono‐ and Bis‐Aldol Reactions in the Presence of Water.
Authors: Kucherenko Aleksander S. , Gerasimchuk Vasiliy V. , Lisnyak Vladislav G. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Zlotin Sergei G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA novel recyclable prolinamide‐derived ionic‐liquid‐supported organocatalyst of asymmetric cross‐aldol reactions in aqueous medium is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Palladium(0)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclopropane Functionalization: Access to Dihydroquinolones, Dihydroisoquinolones and the BMS‐791325 Ring System.
Authors: Pedroni J. , Saget T. , Donets P. A. , Cramer N. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe utility of this method is demonstrated in the enantioselective synthesis of compound (XIX), representing the core structure of hepatitis C virus NS5B replicase inhibitor BMS‐791325.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploitation of the Ugi—Joullie Reaction in the Synthesis of Libraries of Drug‐Like Bicyclic Hydantoins.
Authors: Firth James D. , Zhang Rong , Morgentin Remy , Guilleux Rachel , Kalliokoski Tuomo , Warriner Stuart , Foster Richard , Marsden Stephen P. , Nelson Adam 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBicyclic hydantoins are efficiently obtained utilizing a three‐component Ugi—Joullie reaction/cyclization sequence as key complexicity‐generation process using trifluoroacetic acid as synthetic equivalent for chloroformic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoline, Pyrrolidine and Cyclic Ether‐Fused 1,2‐Dihydroquinoline Derivatives Using Alkyne Iminium Ion Cyclization of Vinylogous Carbamates: Switch of Regioselectivity Using an Internal Hydroxy Group as a Nucleophile.
Authors: Gharpure Santosh J. , Prasath V. , Kumar Vinod 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe trimethylsilyl triflate‐mediated cyclization of alkynes (I) and (IV) leads to trans‐2,3‐disubstituted indolines (II) and pyrrolidines (V), resp., whilst the cyclization of alcohols (VI) and (VIII) gives rise to isochromene‐ and pyran‐fused dihydroquinolines (VII) and (IX), resp., as a result of an intramolecular hydroalkoxylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Activity and Antibacterial Properties of Nanopolymer‐Supported Copper Complex for C—N Coupling Reactions of Amines and Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles with Aryl Halides.
Authors: Nasrollahzadeh Mahmoud , Zahraei Ali , Pourbasheer Eslam 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEfficient N‐arylation of N‐heterocycles and amines with aryl halides is achieved using a novel nanopolystyrene‐anchored Cu(II) tetrazole complex as stable heterogeneous catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: NIS‐Mediated Ring‐Closure/Opening Cascade Reactions of Allylamides: An Expedient Route to Oxazolines.
Authors: Hu Yancheng , Li Xincheng , Wan Boshun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractN‐allyl‐N‐methylbenzamide as well as N‐benzyl‐ and N‐phenyl‐N‐propargylbenzamides do not give the desired product.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Dirhodium(II)‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanations with Trimethylsilylethyl and Trichloroethyl Aryldiazoacetates.
Authors: Negretti Solymar , Cohen Carolyn M. , Chang Jane J. , Guptill David M. , Davies Huw M.L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe optimal catalysts are found for the asymmetric cyclopropanation of trimethylsilylethyl diazoacetates (I) and trichloroethyl diazoacetates (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Intermolecular Aminohydroxylation of Olefins by Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Miyazawa Kazuki , Koike Takashi , Akita Munetaka 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe present photocatalytic system enables regiospecific intermolecular three‐component aminohydroxylation of olefins bearing a wide variety of functionalities.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of a Carbonyl Group ortho to a Biaryl Structure or a 6H‐Dibenzopyran by a Palladium/Norbornene‐Catalyzed Ordered Reaction Sequence.
Authors: Della Ca' Nicola , Fontana Marco , Xu Di , Cremaschi Mirko , Lucentini Riccardo , Zhou Zhi‐Ming , Catellani Marta , Motti Elena 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA series of biaryls is synthesized in the presence of a palladium/norbornene catalyst system.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel 2‐(Fluoroanilino)‐3‐(2,4‐dinitroanilino) Derivatives of 1,4‐Naphthoquinone.
Authors: Leyva Elisa , Baines Kim M. , Espinosa‐Gonzalez Claudia G. , Lopez Lluvia I. , Magaldi‐Lara Diego A. , Leyva Socorro 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe strong electron withdrawing nature of the 2,4‐dinitroanilines in substrate (I) allows the displacement of chlorine by weak nucleophilic anilines to give the title products (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phenanthrene Derivatives by Intramolecular Cyclization Utilizing the [1,2]‐Phospha‐Brook Rearrangement Catalyzed by a Broensted Base.
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Aoki Takuma , Terada Masahiro 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBiaryl compounds bearing an α‐ketoester moiety and an alkyne moiety at positions C‐2 and C‐2′, respectively, react with diisopropyl phosphite in the presence of a catalytic amount of phosphazene base P2‐tBu.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Cross‐Coupling of Vinyl Golds with Diazonium Salts under Photoredox and Thermal Conditions.
Authors: Patil Dilip V. , Yun Hokeun , Shin Senghoon 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn situ generated vinyl gold complexes from tert‐butyl allenoates undergo efficient cross coupling reactions with arenediazonium salts either via a visible‐light photoredox or a thermally induced radical chain pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards a Stereoselective Synthesis of α,α‐Disubstituted Proline Analogues.
Authors: Das Sukant K. , Bhatt Nilay , Mujahid Mohammad , Arvidsson Per I. , Kruger Hendrik G. , Naicker Tricia , Govender Thavendran 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAsymmetric Michael addition of ketoproline derivative (I) to nitrostyrenes affords the title products with excellent diastereoselectivities and high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Substrate Scope in the Copper‐Mediated Construction of Bis‐oxindoles via a Double C—H/Ar—H Coupling Process.
Authors: Drouhin Pauline , Hurst Timothy E. , Whitwood Adrian C. , Taylor Richard J.K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe spirocyclic bis‐oxindoles (II) are readily prepared by a copper‐mediated double cyclization of bis‐anilides (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Fe(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Aromatization of Substituted 3‐Methyleneindoline and Benzofuran Derivatives: A Selective Route to C‐3‐Alkylated Indoles and Benzofurans.
Authors: Kundal Sandip , Jalal Swapnadeep , Paul Kartick , Jana Umasish 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA simple and convenient approach is developed for the selective synthesis of indoles and benzofurans by isomerization of methyleneindolines and ‐dihydrobenzofurans.
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Direct C‐2 Carboxamidation of Indoles with Isocyanates via C—H Bond Functionalization.
Authors: Xu Jun , Sharma Nandini , Sharma Upendra K. , Li Zhenghua , Song Gonghua , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA wide range of indole‐2‐carboxamides is obtained under relatively mild reaction conditions and with broad functional group tolerance using the pyrimidyl group in the substrates as easily installable and removable directing group.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Trisubstituted Pyrazoles from α‐(1,3‐Dithian‐2‐yl) Enamine Ketones via [4 + 1] Cyclization.
Authors: Wang Shugang , Li Yongguang , Bi Xihe , Liu Qun 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis novel protocol, involving copper(II)‐catalyzed oxidative N—N coupling and a non‐oxidative C—N bond formation, provides an alternative to the conventional [3+2] methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Multifunctionalized Azopyrazoles by Silver‐Catalyzed Cascade Reaction of Diazo Compounds.
Authors: Pandit Rameshwar Prasad , Lee Yong Rok 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe title azopyrazoles are obtained by reaction of various α‐diazo‐β‐keto esters with arylhydrazines or arylhydrazine hydrochlorides involving a cascade pyrazolone formation, N—H insertion, and oxidation.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes with Chalcones Leading to the Synthesis of Deoxy‐Breslow Intermediates in Their Oxidized Form.
Authors: Bhunia Anup , Thorat Shridhar , Gonnade Rajesh G. , Biju Akkattu T. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe tBuOK‐mediated reaction of (E)‐chalcones (I) with NHCs (II) and (V) followed by oxidation with air gives rise to diketones (III) and (VI), resp., whilst the quenching of the reaction mixture with HBF4 instead of exposure to air leads to ketone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Utility of Nitrogen Extrusion of Azido Complexes for the Synthesis of Nitriles, Benzoxazoles, and Benzisoxazoles.
Authors: Nimnual Phongprapan , Tummatorn Jumreang , Thongsornkleeb Charnsak , Ruchirawat Somsak 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAzido complexes are in situ generated from aldehydes or ketones in the presence of Tms‐N3 and ZrCl4 or TfOH and lead to various N‐containing compounds by nitrogen extrusion.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Catalyst for Tandem Solvent Free Enantioselective Knoevenagel‐Formal [3 + 3] Cycloaddition and Knoevenagel‐Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Fernandes Sylvia , Rajakannu P. , Bhat Sujata V. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBicyclic and tricyclic pyran derivatives are obtained with enantioselectivity up to 99% in the presence of chiral catalyst LBA under solvent free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Grinding Synthesis of Pyranopyrazole Analogues and Their Evaluation as Antimicrobial Agents.
Authors: Shukla Paritosh , Sharma Ashok , Pallavi Badvel , Jha Prabhat Nath , Prakash Singh Rajnish 
Published: December 2015

Abstract21 Title compounds are prepared and screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Preparation and Characterization of a New Ionic Liquid, 1,3‐Disulfonic Acid Benzimidazolium Chloride, as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of Tetrahydropyridine under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Abbasi Mohsen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe newly synthesized ionic liquid 1,3‐disulfonic acid benzimidazolium chloride (DSBI) is used as catalyst for the preparation of tetrahydropyridine derivatives of type (IV) by a three‐component one‐pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes, anilines and ethyl acetoacetate.
ChemInform Abstract: Base Mediated Regioselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Conjugated Enones.
Authors: Singh Surjeet , Panwar Rahul , Althagafi Ismail , Sharma Vashundhara , Chaudhary Sandeep , Pratap Ramendra 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRing opening of 2‐pyranone derivatives by benzyl cyanide followed by decarboxylation and regioselective oxidative decyanation affords conjugated enones.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Three‐Component Synthesis of Hantzsch 1,4‐Dihydropyridines Promoted by Dimethyl Phosphate Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Priede Elina , Zicmanis Andris 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn unprecedented, convenient synthesis of a variety of 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivatives is described using ionic ligands possessing a (Me‐O)2PO2‐ counterion as promoter.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4,6‐Trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine and N,N′‐Dimethylformamide as an Effective Vilsmeier—Haack Reagent for the Synthesis of 2‐Chloro‐3‐formyl Quinolines from Acetanilides.
Authors: Venkanna P. , Rajanna K. C. , Satish Kumar M. , Bismillah Ansari Mohd. , Moazzam Ali M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA preformed 2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazine/dimethylformamide adduct reacts with acetanilines under sonication at room temperature to form quinoline derivatives in short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: A Telescoped Protocol for the Synthesis of New Pyrrolo[3,4‐d]pyridazinones by Cascade Reactions.
Authors: Bonacorso Helio G. , Libero Francieli M. , Dal Forno Gean M. , Pittaluga Everton P. , Porte Liliane M. F. , Martins Marcos A. P. , Zanatta Nilo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe convenient two‐step one‐pot methodology involves the in‐situ formation of pyrroles from vinyl azides and diketone (II) followed by hydrazine addition/intramolecular cyclization to afford pyrrolepyridazinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Reactions of 6‐Amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil with Some Aliphatic Aldehydes.
Authors: Azev Yurii A. , Ermakova Ol'ga S. , Gibor Alexey M. , Ezhikova Marina A. , Kodess Mikhail I. , Berseneva Vera S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe reaction of 6‐amino‐1,3‐dimethyluracil (I) with aliphatic aldehydes (II) in formic acid yields two products (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Fe3O4 Nano‐Particles Supported on Cellulose as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinolines in Water.
Authors: Edjlali Laden , Khanamiri Rahim Hosseinzdeh , Abolhasani Jafar 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe employed catalyst can be easily recovered and reused for 5 cycles without significant decrease in activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Access to Substituted Azocanes via a Rhodium‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition—Fragmentation Strategy.
Authors: Shaw Megan H. , Croft Rosemary A. , Whittingham William G. , Bower John F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStarting from N‐cyclopropyl substituted acrylamides the title reaction is performed under CO atmosphere while tolerating substituents in the 1‐position, but not in the 2‐position of the acrylate moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Thapsigargin‐Induced ER Stress Suppressive Compounds from the Mushroom Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii.
Authors: Choi Jae‐Hoon , Suzuki Tomohiro , Okumura Hiroshi , Nagai Kaoru , Hirai Hirofumi , Kawagishi Hirokazu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTwo novel compounds (I) and (+)‐(II) are isolated and shown to exhibit protective activity against endoplasmic reticulum stress‐dependent cell death.
ChemInform Abstract: Core—Shell MnSe@Bi2Se3 Fabricated via a Cation Exchange Method as Novel Nanotheranostics for Multimodal Imaging and Synergistic Thermoradiotherapy.
Authors: Song Guosheng , Liang Chao , Gong Hua , Li Meifang , Zheng Xianchuang , Cheng Liang , Yang Kai , Jiang Xiqun , Liu Zhuang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMnSe nanoparticles are prepared by injecting an aged Se solution in oleylamine (OLA) into an equimolar solution of MnCl2 in a 1:9 1‐octadecene (ODE)/OLA mixture (300 °C, 30 min).
ChemInform Abstract: Stabilization of Scandium Rich Spinel Ferrite CoFe2‐xScxO4 (x ≤ 1) in Thin Films.
Authors: Lefevre Christophe , Roulland Francois , Thomasson Alexandre , Autissier Emmanuel , Leuvrey Cedric , Barre Sophie , Versini Gilles , Viart Nathalie , Pourroy Genevieve 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe title films with scandium contents up to x = 1 are deposited on MgO substrates by pulsed laser deposition using CoFe2O4, CoO, and Sc2O3 targets.
ChemInform Abstract: Defect Chemistry and Defect Engineering of TiO2‐Based Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion
Authors: Nowotny Janusz , Alim Mohammad Abdul , Bak Tadeusz , Idris Mohammad Asri , Ionescu Mihail , Prince Kathryn , Sahdan Mohd Zainizan , Sopian Kamaruzzaman , Teridi Mohd Asri Mat , Sigmund Wolfgang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractReview: 55 refs.
Desulfination as an Emerging Strat­egy in Palladium‐Catalyzed C–C Coupling Reactions
Authors: Ortgies Dirk H. , Hassanpour Avid , Chen Fei , Woo Simon , Forgione Pat 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAs carbon–carbon bonds are an essential bond type in Nature, reactions that form C–C bonds are of great interest in organic chemistry. Among the most popular C–C bond formation methods with aromatic systems are palladium‐catalyzed coupling reactions, such as the Heck, Suzuki, Negishi and Stille reactions. Even though these methods are efficient, they produce stoichiometric amounts of high molecular weight byproducts, placing them in conflict with the increasingly important ideas of sustainable reactions and green chemistry. In contrast, palladium‐catalyzed desulfinative coupling reactions produce minimal waste; in general, only hydrogen halides or alkali halides are formed as byproducts in addition to SO2 gas, which can potentially be recycled. This microreview provides a brief historic overview on palladium‐catalyzed coupling reactions with organosulfur compounds, with the main focus on the use of sulfinate salts as nucleophilic or electrophilic reaction partners. Various methods to access the sulfinate salts, and the coupling reactions of sulfonyl precursors that proceed through sulfinic acid/salt intermediates generated in situ are also discussed.
Meeting Your Ghosts
Authors: Roberts Liz 
Published: December 2015

This paper reports the perceptions of a group of social work students who undertook an introductory Family Therapy course which had a focus on families of origin.Perceptions of family of origin changed for 38 family therapy students who responded to pre and post course questionnaires. Their responses support the author's experience of the need to understand the source of emotional reactions arising within the therapist during sessions.
Pindolol: A Review of Its Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics, Clinical Uses, and Adverse Effects
Authors: Golightly Larry K. 
Published: December 2015

Pindolol is a new noncardioselective beta adrenergic blocking agent with intrinsic sympathomimetic activity. In the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension, pindolol provides effective control of blood pressure in a large majority of patients when administered alone or, more commonly, when combined with a thiazide diuretic. Pindolol is approximately as effective as propranolol in the therapy of hypertension, but in some crossover trials central nervous system side effects were more frequent with pindolol. A “ceiling effect” may be observed as dosages are titrated upward above approximately 20 to 30 mg per day, such that further blood pressure reductions may not be achievable. Some patients will exhibit a paradoxical increase in blood pressure with an increase in dosage.In patients who respond to modest doses of pindolol, twice or even once daily dosing is often adequate. This prolonged duration of hypotensive activity, while not suggested by the kinetics of this or similar drugs, is probably common to most beta blockers.Investigations in small numbers of patients with angina pectoris have reported variable but generally beneficial results with pindolol.