bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subclinical cardiopulmonary dysfunction in stage 3 chronic kidney disease
Authors: Nelson Alexander , Otto James , Whittle John , Stephens Robert C M , Martin Daniel S , Prowle John R , Ackland Gareth L 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveReduced exercise capacity is well documented in end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD), preceded by changes in cardiac morphology in CKD stage 3. However, it is unknown whether subclinical cardiopulmonary dysfunction occurs in CKD stage 3 independently of heart failure.MethodsProspective observational cross-sectional study of exercise capacity assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise testing in 993 preoperative patients. Primary outcome was peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak). Anaerobic threshold (AT), oxygen pulse and exercise-evoked measures of autonomic function were analysed, controlling for CKD stage 3, age, gender, diabetes mellitus and hypertension.ResultsCKD stage 3 was present in 93/993 (9.97%) patients. Diabetes mellitus (RR 2.49 (95% CI 1.59 to 3.89); p<0.001), and hypertension (RR 3.20 (95% CI 2.04 to 5.03); p<0.001)) were more common in CKD stage 3. Cardiac failure (RR 0.83 (95% CI 0.30 to 2.24); p=0.70) and ischaemic heart disease (RR 1.40 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.02); p=0.09) were not more common in CKD stage 3. Patients with CKD stage 3 had lower predicted VO2peak(mean difference: 6% (95% CI 1% to 11%); p=0.02), lower peak heart rate (mean difference:9 bpm (95% CI 3 to 14); p=0.03)), lower AT (mean difference: 1.1 mL/min/kg (95% CI 0.4 to 1.7); p<0.001) and impaired heart rate recovery (mean difference: 4 bpm (95% CI 1 to 7); p<0.001)).ConclusionsSubclinical cardiopulmonary dysfunction in CKD stage 3 is common. This study suggests that maladaptive cardiovascular/autonomic dysfunction may be established in CKD stage 3, preceding pathophysiology reported in end-stage CKD.
Surgical correction of a double‐chambered right ventricle under cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Elliott Ross Christopher , Joubert Kenneth Edward 
Published: June 2016

A one‐year‐old golden retriever was presented with a double‐chambered right ventricle leading to extreme right ventricular outflow obstruction. The patient was placed on cardiopulmonary bypass, and the defect was corrected by removal of the fibromuscular obstruction and placement of a bovine pericardial patch through a right ventriculotomy. The patient continues to do very well 30 months post surgery.
Herd Behaviour and Path Dependence in News Markets: Towards an Economic Theory of Scandal Formation
Authors: Wilczek Bartosz 
Published: June 2016

Media phenomena coined as issue attention cycles, media hypes or scandals describe processes in which attention towards issues and news frames converges in news markets. But what drives these processes? This article explores a new theoretical framework, which draws on Economic Theory (i.e., Path Dependence Theory, Principal–Agent Theory, Herd Behaviour Theory and Behavioural Economic Theory), incorporates results from journalism and mass communication research and discusses a process in which journalists and their sources (i.e., whistleblowers, social media users and public relations experts) interact. Specifically, they engage in different types of herd behaviour related to the allocation of attention towards issues and news frames. These self-reinforcing mechanisms then lead to lock-ins—which under certain conditions can be un-locked. JEL: D03, D21, D80, Z00
Resources versus Capabilities in Social Justice
Authors: Yılmaz Ensar 
Published: June 2016

Over the last decades, economists, political theorists and philosophers have debated the question of what the proper metric of justice is. In other words, they have sought to answer the questions what should we look at, when evaluating whether one state of affairs is more or less just than another? Should we evaluate the distribution of happiness? Or wealth? Or some combination of these and other factors? The resourcist approach and the capability approach as egalitarian theories of social justice are two prominent answers to these questions. While the former approach has been developed by the studies of John Rawls and Donald Dworkin, the latter approach has been associated with the studies of Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum. A fundamental debate between these approaches continues over what should be distributed. This paper attempts to bridge the gap between these approaches. By this we aim to bring their different perspectives together to reconsider the relationship between resource and the capability approach, and to open up a new insight to understand both approaches as complementary theories, rather than purely rival theories of justice. JEL: D30, D63
LCD Monitors as an Alternative for Precision Demanding Visual Psychophysical Experiments
Authors: Bognár Anna , Csibri Péter , András Csaba Márk , Sáry Gyula 
Published: June 2016

Precise timing and presentation of stimuli is critical in vision research, still, the limiting factor in successful recognition is often the monitor itself that is used to present the stimuli. The most widespread method is the use of monitors controlled by personal computers. Traditionally, most experiments used cathode-ray tubes but they are more and more difficult to access, and instead, liquid–crystal displays are getting more and more popular. The two types have fundamentally different working principles and limitations in displaying the stimulus. In our experiments, the temporal precision of the stimulus presentation was in focus. We investigated whether liquid–crystal displays, which are not considered to be fit to display fast successive stimuli, can represent an alternative choice for cathode-ray tubes. We used the double flash and the flicker illusion to compare the technical capabilities of the two monitor types. These illusions not only do require a precise timing but also a very short exposure to the stimuli. At the same time, the interstimulus interval is also of extreme importance. In addition, these illusions require peripheral stimulation of the retina, which is more sensitive to the temporal aspects of the visual stimulus. On the basis of previous studies and our own psychophysical results, we suggest that liquid–crystal displays might be a good alternative for precise, frame-to-frame stimulus presentation even if parts of the stimuli are projected on the peripheral retina.
Renal tubular function and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and kidney injury molecule-1 levels in asthmatic children
Authors: Demir Ayşegül Doğan , Goknar Nilufer , Oktem Faruk , Özkaya Emin , Yazıcı Mebrure , Torun Emel , Vehapoğlu Aysel , Kucukkoc Mehmet 
Published: June 2016

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways which results in chronic hypoxia. Chronic hypoxia and inflammation can affect renal tubular function. Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate renal tubular function and early kidney injury molecules such as urinary N-acetyl-betaglucosaminidase (NAG) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) excretion in children with asthma. Methods: Enrolled in the study were 73 children diagnosed with asthma and 65 healthy age- and gender-matched control subjects. Urine pH, sodium, phosphorus, potassium, microalbumin, creatinine, NAG, KIM-1, and serum creatinine, sodium, phosphorus were evaluated. The diagnosis of asthma and classification of mild or moderate were done according to the Global Initiative for Asthma guidelines. Results: Serum sodium, phosphorus, creatinine, and urinary microalbumin were within normal levels in the both groups. Urinary pH, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, microalbumin, and KIM-1 excretions were similar between the control and study groups. Tubular phosphorus reabsorption was within normal limits in two groups. Urine NAG was elevated in the study group ( P = 0.001). Urinary KIM-1 and NAG levels were positively correlated (r = 0.837; P = 0.001). When children with mild and moderate asthma were compared, all of the parameters were similar ( P >0.05). Conclusions: This study showed that chronic asthma can lead to subtle renal impacts. We suggest that in children with asthma, urinary NAG level is a more valuable parameter to show degree of renal tubular injury than markers such as microalbumin and KIM-1. Chronic hypoxy and inflammation probably contributes to these subclinical renal effects.
A Novel ICU Hand-Over Tool: The Glass Door of the Patient Room
Authors: Wessman Brian T. , Sona Carrie , Schallom Marilyn 
Published: June 2016

Background: Poor communication among health-care providers is cited as the most common cause of sentinel events involving patients. Patient care in the critical care setting is incredibly complex. A consistent care plan is necessary between day/night shift teams and among bedside intensive care unit (ICU) nurses, consultants, and physicians. Our goal was to create a novel, easily accessible communication device to improve ICU patient care. Methods: This communication improvement project was done at an academic tertiary surgical/trauma/mixed 36-bed ICU with an average of 214 admissions per month. We created a glass door template embossed on the glass that included 3 columns for daily goals to be written: “day team,” “night team,” and “surgery/consultant team.” Assigned areas for tracking “lines,” “antibiotics,” “ventilator weaning,” and “Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) screening” were included. These doors are filled out/updated throughout the day by all of the ICU providers. All services can review current plans/active issues while evaluating the patient at the bedside. Patient-identifying data are not included. We retrospectively reviewed all ICU safety reported events over a 4-year period (2 years prior/2 years after glass door implementation) for specific handover communication-related errors and compared the 2 cohorts. Results: Information on the glass doors is entered daily on rounds by all services. Prior to implementation, 7.96% of reported errors were related to patient handover communication errors. The post glass-door era had 4.26% of reported errors related to patient handover communication errors with a relative risk reduction of 46.5%. Due to its usefulness, this method of communication was quickly adopted by the other critical care services (cardiothoracic, medical, neurology/neurosurgery, cardiology) at our institution and is now used for over 150 ICU beds. Conclusions: Our glass door patient handover tool is an easily adaptable intervention that has improved communication leading to an overall decrease in the number of handover communication errors.
Context-driven decisions for railway maintenance
Authors: Villarejo Roberto , Johansson Carl-Anders , Galar Diego , Sandborn Peter , Kumar Uday 
Published: June 2016

Railway assets suffer wear and tear during operation. Prognostics can be used to assess the current health of a system and predict its remaining life, based on features that capture the gradual degradation of its operational capabilities. Prognostics are critical to improve safety, plan successful work, schedule maintenance, and reduce maintenance costs and down time. Prognosis is a relatively new area; however, it has become an important part of condition-based maintenance of systems. As there are many prognostic techniques, usage must be tuned to particular applications. Broadly stated, prognostic methods are either data driven, or rule or model based. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages, depending on the hierarchical level of the analysed item; consequently, they are often combined in hybrid applications. A hybrid model can combine some or all model types; thus, more-complete information can be gathered, leading to more-accurate recognition of the impending fault state. However, the amount of information collected from disparate data sources is increasing exponentially and has different natures and granularity; therefore, there is a real need for context engines to establish meaningful data links for further exploration. This approach is especially relevant in railway systems where the maintainer and operator know some of the failure mechanisms, but the sheer complexity of the infrastructure and rolling stock precludes the development of a complete model-based approach. Hybrid models are extremely useful for accurately estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) of railway systems. This paper addresses the process of data aggregation into a contextual awareness hybrid model to obtain RUL values within logical confidence intervals so that the life cycle of railway assets can be managed and optimized.
Manifestos and the “two faces” of parties
Authors: Harmel Robert , Tan Alexander C , Janda Kenneth , Smith Jason Matthew 
Published: June 2016

It is commonplace to see references to parties’ manifestos as their written issue “profiles,” and changes in such documents as constituting changes in the parties’ “images” or “identities,” with the latter terms often used interchangeably to capture the role of platforms. This article argues, however, that projection of a party’s “image” and its “identity” are two different functions for a manifesto, not just one, and that it is important for the building and testing of theory that this distinction be maintained. Parties are, after all, addressing two audiences simultaneously with one document, and the two dimensions provide two alternative objects of change which can be used strategically to please both audiences at once. The article employs existing manifesto-based measures of parties’ relative issue emphases and their positions on a range of issues as indicators of image and identity, respectively, and finds that the two are indeed empirically distinct. Then, an earlier test of the electoral performance hypothesis as applied to emphasis change is replicated with data designed to capture change in issue positions. The test provides evidence for the prudence of maintaining the distinction between emphasis and position as two different dimensions of party profile change.
Peripheral Vascular Restenosis: A Retrospective Study on the Use of Drug-Eluting Balloons in Native Arteries, Vein Grafts and Dialysis Accesses
Authors: Björkman P. , Peltola E. , Albäck A. , Venermo M. 
Published: June 2016

Background and Aims: The objective of this study is to analyze outcomes of the first experiences with drug-eluting balloons in native arteries, vein grafts, and vascular accesses. The study is also a pilot for our future prospective, randomized, and controlled studies regarding the use of drug-eluting balloons in the treatment of the stenosis in bypass vein graft and dialysis access. Materials and Methods: A total of 93 consecutive patients were retrospectively analyzed and in the end 81 were included in the study. Inclusion criteria included at least one previous percutaneous angioplasty to the same lesion. Patients were divided into three groups according to the anatomical site of the lesion: native lower limb artery, vein bypass graft, or vascular access. Time from the previous percutaneous angioplasty to the drug-eluting balloon was compared to the time from the drug-eluting balloon to endpoint in the same patient. Endpoints included any new revascularization of the target lesion, major amputation, or new vascular access. Results: The median time from the drug-eluting balloon to endpoint was significantly longer than the median time from the preceding percutaneous angioplasty to drug-eluting balloon in all three groups. This difference was clearest in native arteries and vein grafts, whereas the difference was smaller from the beginning and disappeared over time in the vascular access group. No significant differences were seen between the groups with regard to smoking, antiplatelet regime, diabetes, Rutherford classification, or sex. Conclusion: Although the setup of this study has several limitations, the results suggest that there could be benefit from drug-eluting balloons in peripheral lesions. Very little data have been published on the use of drug-eluting balloons in vein grafts and vascular accesses, and randomized and controlled prospective studies are needed to further investigate this field.
Adult social work and high-risk domestic violence cases
Authors: McLaughlin Hugh , Robbins Rachel , Bellamy Claire , Banks Concetta , Thackray Debbie 
Published: June 2016

Summary This article focuses on adult social work’s response in England to high-risk domestic violence cases and the role of adult social workers in multi-agency risk and assessment conferences. The research was undertaken between 2013 and 2014 and focused on one city in England and involved the research team attending multi-agency risk and assessment conferences. Interviews with 20 adult social workers, 24 multi-agency risk and assessment conferences attendees, 14 adult service users at time T1 (including follow-up interviews after six months, T2), focus groups with independent domestic violence advocates and Women’s Aid and an interview with a Women’s Aid service user. Findings The findings suggest that although adult social workers accept the need to be involved in domestic violence cases they are uncertain of what their role is and are confused with the need to operate a parallel domestic violence and adult safeguarding approach, which is further, complicated by issues of mental capacity. Multi-agency risk and assessment conferences are identified as overburdened, under-represented meetings staffed by committed managers. However, they are in danger of becoming managerial processes neglecting the service users they are meant to protect. Applications The article argues for a re-engagement of adult social workers with domestic violence that has increasingly become over identified with child protection. It also raises the issue whether multi-agency risk and assessment conferences remain fit for purpose and whether they still represent the best possible response to multi-agency coordination and practice in domestic violence.
Attachment in medical care: A review of the interpersonal model in chronic disease management
Authors: Jimenez Xavier F 
Published: June 2016

Objective Patient–physician interaction is continually examined in an era prioritizing patient-centered approaches, yet elaboration beyond aspects of communication and empathy is lacking. Major chronic conditions would benefit tremendously from understanding interpersonal aspects of patient–physician encounters. This review intends to provide a concise introduction to the interpersonal model of attachment theory and how it informs both the patient–physician interaction and medical outcomes in chronic care. Methods A narrative review of the theoretical, neurobiological, epidemiological, investigational, and clinical literature on attachment theory and its impact on medical outcomes was conducted, utilizing a variety of key words as searched on PubMed database. Studies and reviews included were of a variety of sources, including textbooks and peer-reviewed journals. Reports in languages other than English were excluded. Results Measurable, discrete attachment styles and behavioral patterns correlate with poor medical outcomes, including nonadherence in insecure dismissing attachment and care overutilization in insecure preoccupied attachment. Furthermore, insecure dismissing attachment is associated with significant mortality. These variables can be easily assessed, and their effects are reversible, as evidenced by collaborative care outcome data. Discussion Attachment theory is useful a model with application in clinical and investigational aspects of chronic illness care. Implications and guidelines are explored.
Withholding treatment and intellectual disability: Second survey on end-of-life decisions in Switzerland
Authors: Wicki Monika T 
Published: June 2016

Background: As people live longer, they are more likely to die over a prolonged period from incurable, chronic illnesses that occur more frequently in old age. Therefore, people will experience an increase in end-of-life discussions and decisions. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence and nature of end-of-life decisions for people with disabilities in Swiss residential homes. Design: A cross-sectional survey in the three biggest German-speaking regions in Switzerland (N = 209) was conducted. Setting: All of the residential homes for adults with disabilities (N = 209) were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey. The response quote was 76.7%. Directors provided information on 82 deaths. Chi-square and t-tests were used to study differences in prevalence and nature of end-of-life decisions between people with intellectual disability (ID) and people with other disabilities. Results: An end-of-life decision was taken in 53.7% of the cases (n = 44). For people with ID, the decision to withhold treatment had been taken more often (28.9%, 13 cases) than for people with other disabilities (8.1%, 3 cases) (χ2 (1, N = 82) = 5.58, p = 0.017). Conclusion: The study provides insight in end-of-life decision-making for people with disabilities in Switzerland. The results have implications on surrogate decision-making for people with ID living in residential homes. As the study partly confirms the results of previous studies, further studies will be necessary.
Industrial Centres of Competence: A South African Case Study
Authors: Mahomed Nawaz 
Published: June 2016

Centres of competence models for innovation capability development have been successfully implemented in various countries such as Finland and Estonia. These models promote targeted investment in well-defined areas of technology within a particular geographic region, aimed at gaining global competitiveness to support industrialisation. Such models have also been applied recently in certain regions within South Africa targeting technological innovation in areas such as biotechnology (2004 - Western Cape) and advanced manufacturing (2005 – Gauteng). These models depend on the existence of an inherent competitive advantage coupled to existing innovation capabilities within pubic research institutions and private sector. Although centres of competence may be geographically concentrated, they rely on networks that extend nationally or even globally. The Titanium Centre of Competence is a typical example, developed on the basis of exploiting the South African titanium reserves through value addition to access global aerospace and automotive supply chains. This study focuses on the phenomenon in which large companies that are highly innovative and globally competitive exist within marginalised regions. Such companies have evolved on the basis of access to natural resources and the ability to beneficiate these resources into intermediate products for global markets. The potential for industrialisation through downstream beneficiation is inhibited by the lack of institutionalisation of innovation capability, poor entrepreneurship support, long distances from end-user markets and poor logistics networks, among other factors. Industrial centres of competence offers a real opportunity to transform these marginalised economies into industrialised nodes through specialisation, using mechanisms such as leveraging localisation obligations within infrastructure build programmes. The study includes the assessment of innovation capabilities of regions, analysis of supportive government development frameworks, and identification of technology platforms to support entrepreneurial activity. Overall, the study provides a systems approach for the identification of industrial centres of competence and the design of their core elements, providing a structured innovation framework for industrialisation.