8773 CD44 Variant Isoforms Expressed Within PAX7/SOX2-Positive Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors Attribute to Therapy Resistance and Recurrence of Cushing’s Disease
Authors: Chakrabarti Jayati , Eschbacher Jennifer , Mallick Saptarshi , Ferris Elisabeth , Hermes Beth , Little Andrew , Zavros Yana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Disclosure: J. Chakrabarti: None. J. Eschbacher: None. S. Mallick: None. E. Ferris: None. B. Hermes: None. A. Little: None. Y. Zavros: None.
Background: Cushing’s disease (CD) is a serious rare endocrine disease caused by an adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary neuroendocrine tumor (PitNET) that subsequently stimulates the adrenal glands to overproduce cortisol. Approximately 56% of patients will experience disease recurrence during the 2 to 10-year follow-up period. Surgical failures and late recurrences of CD are common, and despite multiple treatments, biochemical control is achieved in only 50% of patients. Therefore, there is a need to advance targeted therapies that prevent recurrence and therapy resistance. The Cluster of Differentiation (CD) 44 transmembrane glycoprotein (CD44) is a prominent WNT signaling target, and deregulation of the Wnt pathway is associated with constitutively active βcatenin in SOX2-positive cells. Although a similar mechanism has been proposed in PitNETs, it has not been fully tested. The alternative mRNA splice variant, CD44v9 is expressed on cancer stem cells promotes resistance to ROS through the stabilization of the SLC7A11 (xCT) cystine glutamate transporter. Proteolytic cleavage of CD44 releases the CD44 intracellular domain which translocates to the nucleus activating cell stemness genes including SOX2. Although CD44 is a known cancer stem cell marker that plays multiple key roles including drug resistance and tumor cell invasiveness, the mechanisms underlying human PitNET tumorigenesis are unclear. Hypothesis: CD44 expressed on PAX7/SOX2-positive corticotroph PitNET cells define a cell population that attributes to therapy resistance and disease recurrence. Methods: CD patient PitNET tissues and matched PitNET-generated organoids (PitNETOs) were used for CosMx™ Spatial Molecular Imaging (SMI) and scRNAseq analyses respectively. Resistance to drug- and radiation-induced apoptosis was analyzed using PitNETOs generated. Results: SMI and scRNAseq data revealed a cell population co-expressing PAX7 and SOX2, CD44 and EpCAM that was abundant in invasive and silent corticotroph PitNET subtypes with Knosp grades 3-4. Invasive and silent corticotroph PitNETs also expressed an increased cell population of CD163+ macrophages, myofibroblast cancer associated fibroblasts (myCAFs), inflammatory CAFs. While cells isolated from the dura revealed growth of PitNETOs, adherent cells expressed increased proliferation (Ki67), and expression of somatostatin receptor subtype 2, cancer stem markers (CD44, SOX2, NESTIN, FUT4, PROM1), PAX7 progenitor cell population expressing stem cell markers NESTIN, SOX2, CD44 and EpCAM. Increased CD44/SLCA7A11 expression in CD44/PAX7/SOX2-positive PitNETOs rendered tumor cells resistant to radiation-induced apoptosis. Conclusions: Drugs targeting the CD44 variant isoforms may increase the efficacy of medical therapies and stereotactic radiosurgery to prevent residual and recurrent PitNETs in CD patients.
Presentation: 6/3/2024