bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laxative and purgative actions of phytoactive compounds from beetroot juice against loperamide‐induced constipation, oxidative stress, and inflammation in rats
Authors: Ayari Ala , Dakhli Nouha , Jedidi Saber , Sammari Houcem , Arrari Fatma , Sebai Hichem 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundChronic constipation is a gastrointestinal functional disorder which affects patient quality of life. Therefore, many studies were oriented to search herbal laxative agents. In this study, we investigated the phytochemical composition of beetroot juice (BJ) and its laxative potential in an experimental model of constipation and colonic dysmotility induced by loperamide (LOP) in Wistar rats.MethodsAnimals were concurrently pretreated with LOP (3 mg/kg, b.w., i.p.) and BJ (5 and 10 mL/kg, b.w., p.o.), or yohimbine (2 mg/kg, b.w., i.p.), during 1 week. The laxative activity was determined based on the weight, frequency, and water content of the feces matter. The gastric‐emptying test and intestinal transit were determined. Colon histology was examined, and oxidative status was evaluated using biochemical‐colorimetric methods.Key resultsThe in vivo study revealed that LOP induced a significant inhibition of gastrointestinal motility, negative consequences on defecation parameters, oxidative stress, and colonic mucosa lesions. Conversely, administration of BJ reestablished these parameters and restored colonic oxidative balance. Importantly, BJ treatment protected against LOP‐induced inflammatory markers (pro‐inflammatory cytokines and WBC) and the increase in intracellular mediators such as hydrogen peroxide, free iron, and calcium levels.Conclusions & inferencesThis study demonstrated that the bioactive compounds in BJ provided an anti‐constipation effect by modulating intestinal motility and regulating oxidative stress and inflammation induced by LOP intoxication.
Symptom bothersomeness and life interference support Rome clinical criteria as clinically relevant indicators of DGBI
Authors: Coitinho Biurra Yao , Naude Colette , Marchese Sara H. , Evans Subhadra , Barber Emily , Parigi Elesha , Cheah Suiyin , Palsson Olafur , Sperber Ami D. , Tack Jan , Drossman Douglas , Mikocka‐Walus Antonina , Taft Tiffany 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional dyspepsia (FD) are common disorders of gut‐brain interaction (DGBI). The Rome IV criteria are the gold standard for research when diagnosing DGBI. However, bothersomeness, or the degree to which symptoms are distressing or disruptive to a person's daily life, is a potential treatment‐seeking motivator that is not assessed by the Rome criteria. The Rome Foundation developed and published diagnostic criteria for clinical practice that include bothersomeness. We aimed to evaluate these constructs via patient focus groups to determine what prompts healthcare‐seeking as a means to assess its value in the Rome clinical criteria.MethodsAdults meeting Rome IV criteria for IBS, FD, or both participated in focus groups in Australia and the United States. Semi‐structured interview transcripts were analyzed using Template Thematic Analysis, with three a priori and other a posteriori themes refined iteratively through team discussion and consensus.Key ResultsParticipants confirmed the frequency and duration of symptoms was not sufficient to reflect illness experience. Four major themes emerged: (1) Bothersomeness should be included in assessments of IBS and FD; (2) Patients find many DGBI symptoms bothersome; (3) Bothersomeness traverses multiple domains of quality of life; (4) Patients may hesitate to seek medical advice due to past negative experiences.Conclusions and InferencesThese findings support the value of the Rome Clinical Criteria. They emphasize the importance of expanding assessments of patients with DGBI to include how bothersome they perceive symptoms to be, how much symptoms interfere with their daily life, and what may moderate their decisions to seek treatment.
Distal contractile integral and other key predictors of mean nocturnal baseline impedance: The role of esophageal peristaltic vigor in mucosal permeability
Authors: Fass Ofer Z. , Kamal Afrin N. , Jiang Yan , Clarke John O. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding the relationship between distal contractile integral (DCI) and mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) could shed light on new diagnostic and treatment strategies, specifically concerning nocturnal reflux. This study aimed to assess this relationship to enhance our comprehension of the interplay between esophageal contractility and mucosal permeability.MethodsWe identified adult patients who had high resolution esophageal manometry and pH‐impedance tests performed within a 30‐day period between December 2018 and March 2022. A random forest model was used to identify significant predictors of MNBI, assisting with variable selection for a following regression analysis. Subsequently, both univariable and multivariable regression models were utilized to measure the association between predictors and MNBI.Key ResultsOur study included 188 patients, primarily referred for testing due to reflux. The most common motility diagnoses were normal (62%) followed by possible esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (22%). The mean DCI was 2020 mmHg∙s∙cm and MNBI was 3.05 kΩ. The random forest model identified 12 significant predictors for MNBI, key variables being acid exposure time (AET), total proximal reflux events, intraabdominal lower esophageal sphincter length, hiatal hernia presence, and DCI. Subsequent multivariable regression analyses demonstrated log AET (β = −0.69, p = <0.001), total proximal reflux events (β = −0.16, p = 0.008), hiatal hernia presence (β = −0.82, p = 0.014), log DCI (β = 1.26, p < 0.001), and age (β = −0.13, p = 0.036) as being significantly associated with MNBI.Conclusions and InferencesDCI is a key manometric predictor of MNBI emphasizing the role of manometry in detecting reflux risk and the need for its consideration in reflux management.
Efficacy and safety of linaclotide in treatment‐resistant chronic constipation: A multicenter, open‐label study
Authors: Yoshihara Tsutomu , Kessoku Takaomi , Takatsu Tomohiro , Misawa Noboru , Ashikari Keiichi , Fuyuki Akiko , Ohkubo Hidenori , Higurashi Takuma , Iwaki Michihiro , Kurihashi Takeo , Nakatogawa Machiko , Yamamoto Koji , Terada Izuru , Tanaka Yusuke , Morita Masataka , Nakajima Atsushi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in patients with chronic constipation (CC) or irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS‐C) who did not respond to treatment with magnesium oxide (MgO).MethodsThis study was designed as a multicenter, open‐label, single‐arm, exploratory study. Patients with CC or IBS‐C who took MgO and those meeting the medication initiation criteria were administered linaclotide at a daily dosage of 500 μg for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was a change in the Japanese version of the Patient Assessment of Constipation Quality of Life (JPAC‐QOL) score from baseline, which was evaluated by using a paired t‐test.Key ResultsThe patients' mean age (± standard deviation) was 67.6 ± 13.82 years. The full analysis set included 61 patients. The JPAC‐QOL total score was 1.60 at baseline and 0.70 at 12 weeks, with a significant mean change of −0.89 ± 0.721 (p < 0.001). Several secondary endpoints also showed improvement. The frequency of spontaneous bowel movement (SBM) and complete SBM increased by 2.70 ± 7.254 (p < 0.01) and 2.81 ± 5.254 times, respectively (p < 0.001). The Bristol Stool Form Scale, abdominal bloating severity, and straining severity scores improved by 1.33 ± 1.274 (p < 0.001), −0.16 ± 0.563 (p < 0.05), and −0.46 ± 0.795 (p < 0.001) points, respectively. The safety analysis set included 65 patients, 7 of whom had diarrhea, which improved with dose reduction and drug withdrawal.Conclusion & InferencesThe study was conducted in an older adult population, similar to real clinical practice. Linaclotide may be an option for treating CC that shows an inadequate response to conventional therapy.
Gaining or cutting SLAC: the evolution of plant guard cell signalling pathways
Authors: Sussmilch Frances C. , Maierhofer Tobias , Herrmann Johannes , Voss Lena J. , Lind Christof , Messerer Maxim , Müller Heike M. , Bünner Maria S. , Ache Peter , Mayer Klaus F. X. , Becker Dirk , Roelfsema M. Rob G. , Geiger Dietmar , Schultz Jörg , Hedrich Rainer 
Published: October 2024

Summary
The evolution of adjustable stomatal pores, enabling CO2 acquisition, was one of the most significant events in the development of life on land. Here, we investigate how the guard cell signalling pathways that regulate stomatal movements evolved.
We compare fern and angiosperm guard cell transcriptomes and physiological responses, and examine the functionality of ion channels from diverse plant species.
We find that, despite conserved expression in guard cells, fern anion channels from the SLAC/SLAH family are not activated by the same abscisic acid (ABA) pathways that provoke stomatal closure in angiosperms. Accordingly, we find an insensitivity of fern stomata to ABA. Moreover, our analysis points to a complex evolutionary history, featuring multiple gains and/or losses of SLAC activation mechanisms, as these channels were recruited to a role in stomatal closure.
Our results show that the guard cells of flowering and nonflowering plants share similar core features, with lineage‐specific and ecological niche‐related adaptations, likely underlying differences in behaviour.
Crystal structure and function of a phosphate starvation responsive protein phosphatase, GmHAD1‐2 regulating soybean root development and flavonoid metabolism
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Mo Xiaohui , Zhao Hongbo , Lu Xing , Fan Shilong , Huang Xiaojia , Mai Huafu , Liao Hong , Zhang Yinghe , Liang Cuiyue , Tian Jiang 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Phosphate (Pi) availability is well known to regulate plant root growth. However, it remains largely unknown how flavonoid synthesis participates in affecting plant root growth in response to Pi starvation.
In the study, the crystal structure of a plant protein phosphatase, GmHAD1‐2, was dissected using X‐ray crystallography for the first time. It was revealed that GmHAD1‐2 contained a modified Rossmannoid class of α/β folds with three layered α/β sandwich.
Transcripts of GmHAD1‐2 were increased by Pi starvation in soybean roots, especially in lateral root tips. GmHAD1‐2 suppression or overexpression significantly influenced soybean lateral root length and number, as well as phosphorus (P) content. Furthermore, GmHAD1‐2 was found to interact with a chalcone reductase, GmCHR1. Suppression of GmHAD1‐2 significantly changed the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in soybean roots.
Taken together, the results highlight that GmHAD1‐2 can regulate soybean root growth by influencing flavonoid metabolism.
Conceptualising constructive resistance as a thriving strategy for men in nursing
Authors: Bayuo Jonathan , Awunyo Wise , Agbakpe Noble Agbenu , Kodjo Matilda Mawusi , Akpalu Emmanuel , Kru Kennedy Kofi , Dordor Cynthia , Abotsi Dziedzorm , Adjei Priscilla , Donkere David Buufu‐ire , Obuba Claudia , Agbinku Ethel , Udeoha Mary Adaeze , Tettegah Eric , Criswell Dzawu Obed , Azumah Nicholas Kwablah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNursing has improved over the centuries from the physician's handmaiden to a recognised profession. Yet, the image of a nurse is often associated with notions of caring and nurturing‐ attributes considered feminine. Indeed, cultural, and societal biases exist that can deter men from entering the nursing profession where their sense of masculinity is questioned. Several studies have highlighted the existence of gender‐based stereotypes, stigma, rejection, loneliness and discrimination which impact the retention of men in the nursing profession. Despite the established evidence regarding negative experiences, it appears limited attention has been paid to the men who decide to stay in nursing: how do they thrive in a profession wherein biases are evident within and in the wider societal context? Undoubtedly, several factors such as job security and financial incentives may contribute to men remaining in nursing. Beyond these, we borrow the notion of ‘constructive resistance’ to underscore that though the biases may be apparent, male nurses are able to construct alternatives that accommodate the image of a man in the nursing profession. Strategies such as developing the image as a ‘super nurse’ can create opportunities for male nurses to be preferred by other healthcare providers as well as female nurses. Thus, although resistance may usually appear as a negative phenomenon, constructive resistance represents hidden advantages which offers an opportunity to retain male nurses. These need to be highlighted and explored more as they can offer deeper insight into strategies that can be employed to improve retention and representation of men in nursing particularly at a time when the impact of nursing shortage remains a global issue.
Drawing from the insights of biology, sustainable healthcare systems should prioritise robustness over optimisation
Authors: Lecocq Dan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe concept of performance has gradually become established in health policies. Presented as necessary and positive, it is often reduced to efficiency, which results in policies and management styles aimed at optimisation. While they are supposed to guarantee the sustainability of our healthcare systems, these practices have made them fragile. Insights from the life sciences help us understand why. Indeed, biologists observe that living beings do not prioritise optimisation but robustness. To cope with fluctuations, a robust organisation operates with redundancies, apparent waste, heterogeneity, organised fluctuations, slowness, and hesitation. It functions sub‐optimally. This article offers a theoretical reflection and management directions for more robust healthcare systems.
Regional/ethnic differences in ocular axial elongation and refractive error progression in myopic and non‐myopic children
Authors: Naduvilath Thomas , He Xiangui , Saunders Kathryn , Demir Pelsin , Leighton Rebecca , McCullough Sara , Tran Huy , Ha Thao , Macedo Antonio Filipe , Xun Xu , Sankaridurg Padmaja , Tahhan Nina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo determine the regional and ethnic differences in ocular axial elongation and refractive error progression in myopic and non‐myopic children.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 15 longitudinal clinical and population‐based studies was conducted in the UK, Sweden, Australia (classified as European), China, and Vietnam (classified as East Asian) between 2005 and 2021. A total of 14,593 data points from 6208 participants aged 6–16 years with spherical equivalent from +6 to −6 D were analysed. Progression was annualised from longitudinal axial length and cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) refraction. Generalised estimating equation models including main effects and interactions were used for model building. Age and region‐specific estimates for myopes and non‐myopes and confidence intervals are reported.ResultsFactors affecting axial elongation and SE progression in children included being myopic, followed by age, region/ethnicity and sex. The magnitude of regional/ethnic differences was dependent on myopia and age. Axial elongation and SE progression were lower in European compared with East Asian children, but differences were reduced with increasing age and differences in axial elongation were larger in myopes than non‐myopes. Age‐specific regional/ethnic differences indicated that axial elongation for a 6‐year‐old East Asian myopic child was greater than a European child by 0.15 mm/year (0.58 vs. 0.43 mm/year) and by 0.09 mm/year (0.35 vs. 0.26 mm/year) for a 10‐year‐old myope. SE progression was lower in a 6‐year‐old European myope by 0.48 D/year and at 10 years of age by 0.34 D/year compared with an East Asian myope.ConclusionsThere are regional/ethnic differences in age‐specific refractive and axial growth patterns in both myopic and non‐myopic eyes, with more marked differences in younger East Asian children who demonstrated a higher axial growth and greater negative SE shift than their non‐Asian peers. Regional/ethnic differences in progression reflect environmental and ethnic variations. Age and region/ethnicity‐specific estimates could contribute as a reference for future comparisons.
Glandular odontogenic cyst: A case series and literature review
Authors: Parmenter David , Gilbert Latoni , Collins Lisette , Shah Neil , Patel Vinod 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThe glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) is a rare odontogenic cyst with a potentially aggressive growth potential and high recurrence rate. An absence of pathognomonic clinical, radiographic and histopathological features means the glandular odontogenic cyst is rarely included in a differential diagnosis for a well‐defined radiolucent cyst or tumour of the jaw. There is an absence of clarity on the most effective method of treatment for GOCs to reduce recurrence risk.Materials and MethodsIn this case series, we documented the treatment of three male patients who were referred for further investigation of well‐defined, corticated radiolucent lesions. Two lesions were located in the body of the mandible and one in the anterior maxilla. All three patients were in their fifth decade of life. Two patients reported mild discomfort, while one patient was asymptomatic upon presentation.ResultsThe included cases were treated conservatively with enucleation and curettage under general anaesthesia. Histological examination confirmed a diagnosis of GOC in all cases. No clinical or radiographic recurrence has been observed.ConclusionThe clinical, radiographic and histological appearance of the GOC mimics other cysts and tumours of the jaw, most significantly central mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Long‐term follow‐up is recommended due to the potential for recurrence, which is influenced by lesion size, locularity and cortical plate integrity.
Asthma and allergy trajectories in children based on combined parental report and register data
Authors: Lisik Daniil , Wennergren Göran , Kankaanranta Hannu , Basna Rani , Shah Syed Ahmar , Alm Bernt , Celind Frida Strömberg , Goksör Emma , Nwaru Bright I. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundTrajectories of asthma and allergy in children are heterogeneous and commonly derived from parental report of disease or clinical records. This study combined parental‐reported and register‐based dispensed medication data to characterize childhood trajectories of co‐existing asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema.MethodsFrom a Swedish population‐based birth cohort (N = 5654), survey responses collected at the age of 1, 4.5, 8, and 12 years were linked to dispensed medication register data for the period of 2–13 years. Trajectories were identified with latent class analysis. Statistical metrics and clinical interpretability guided the model selection.ResultsNine distinct trajectories were identified: three asthma‐dominated (early‐onset remitting [n = 189, 3.3%], late‐onset [n = 117, 2.1%], and persistent [n = 149, 2.6%]), two eczema‐dominated (persistent [n = 190, 3.4%] and remitting [n = 432, 7.6%]), one allergic rhinitis‐dominated (late‐onset [n = 259, 4.6%]), two multimorbidity (mid‐childhood asthma and late‐onset allergic rhinitis [n = 144, 2.5%], and persistent eczema and late‐onset allergic rhinitis [n = 90, 1.6%]), and one low‐disease burden trajectory (n = 4084, 72.2%). Differences were seen across the trajectories in the proportion of parental report of disease and dispensed medication as well as by class and quantity of medication dispensed.ConclusionCombined parental‐reported and dispensed medication data enriches characterization of longitudinal trajectories of asthma and allergy in children by merging subjective experience of disease with healthcare utilization. The identified trajectories were characterized by distinct disease development and prescription patterns suggesting clinically differential morbidity burden.
Use of real‐time respiratory function monitor improves neonatal face mask ventilation: Cross‐over simulation study
Authors: Loganathan Prakash Kannan , Ashton Charlotte , Harrold Emily , Wigston Sarah , Doan Le Minh Thao , Occhipinti Annalisa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeonatal resuscitation airway training can be difficult as there is no feedback on the face mask technique. “JUNO” is a training respiratory function monitor that provides feedback on mask leak, ventilatory rate, and tidal volume.ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the use of the JUNO improves face mask ventilation techniques in manikin models.MethodsWe conducted an observational cross‐over study with our unit staff. Following instructions, each participant performed a single‐person technique, followed by a two‐person technique with no JUNO feedback. This was repeated with JUNO feedback visible. A similar sequence was performed both in term and preterm manikins, giving a total of 8 sequences. Each participant was instructed to perform 1 min of positive pressure ventilation providing 30 inflations/minute for all of the simulations. Each of the simulation data underwent a data cleaning process.ResultsThirty‐eight subjects provided a total of 304 sequences of positive pressure ventilation. A total of 13 354 inflations were analyzed. The feedback group had significantly lower rates of inflations with leak >60%, lower rates of excessive tidal volumes, lower mean leak percentage, and a lower mean inspiratory tidal volumes. When analyzed based on the technique (single person and two‐person), similar positive results were noted in the “feedback group”, across all the strata of staff. All of the staff reported that JUNO improved their ventilation technique and would recommend it for staff training.ConclusionsThe use of JUNO significantly improved mask ventilation consistently across manikin types, staff roles, and techniques (either single‐ or two‐person).
Heat Stress Inhibits Pollen Development by Degrading mRNA Capping Enzyme ARCP1 and ARCP2
Authors: Ning Kexin , Li Xuezhi , Yan Jin , Liu Junjie , Gao Zhihua , Tang Wenqiang , Sun Yu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPollen development and germination are critical for successful generation of offspring in plants, yet they are highly susceptible to heat stress (HS). However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we highlight the essential roles of two mRNA capping enzymes, named Arabidopsis mRNA capping phosphatase (ARCP) 1 and 2, in regulating male and female gamete development. The transmission efficiencies of gametes carrying arcp1 arcp2 from arcp1+/− arcp2−/− and arcp1−/− arcp2+/− mutants are 30% and zero, respectively. These mutants exhibited a significant increase in misshaped pollen, with germination rates approximately half of those in wild type. ARCP1/2 exhibit RNA triphosphatase and RNA guanylyltransferase activities, which are required for proper pollen development. Through RNA‐seq analysis, genes involved in pollen development/germination and HS response were identified as downregulated genes in pollen from arcp1+/− arcp2−/− mutant. Furthermore, ARCP2 protein is degraded under HS condition, and inducing the expression of ARCP2 can increase the pollen germination rate under elevated temperature. We propose that HS triggers the degradation of mRNA capping enzymes, which in turn disrupts the transcriptome that required for pollen development and pollen germination and ultimately leads to male sterility.