bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Static postural stability in women with stress urinary incontinence: Effects of vision and bladder filling
Authors: Chmielewska Daria , Stania Magdalena , Słomka Kajetan , Błaszczak Edward , Taradaj Jakub , Dolibog Patrycja , Juras Grzegorz 
Published: February 2017

AIMSThis case‐control study was designed to compare static postural stability between women with stress urinary incontinence and continent women and it was hypothesized that women with incontinence aged around 50 years also have balance disorders.METHODSEighteen women with incontinence and twelve women without incontinence aged 50‐55 years participated in two 60‐s trials of each of four different testing conditions: eyes open/full bladder, eyes open/empty bladder, eyes closed/full bladder, eyes closed/empty bladder. The center of foot pressure (COP): sway range, root mean square, velocity (in the antero‐posterior and medio‐lateral directions), and COP area were recorded. The stabilograms were decomposed into rambling and trembling components.RESULTSThe groups of women with and without incontinence differed during the full bladder condition in antero‐posterior COP sway range, COP area, and rambling trajectory (range in the antero‐posterior and medio‐lateral directions, root mean square in the antero‐posterior and medio‐lateral directions and velocity in the antero‐posterior direction).CONCLUSIONThe women with incontinence had more difficulty controlling their postural balance than continent women while standing with a full bladder. Therefore, developing therapeutic management focused on strengthening the women's core muscles and improving their postural balance seems advisable.
US Military Service Members’ Reasons for Deciding to Participate in Health Research
Authors: Cook Wendy A. , Melvin Kristal C. , Doorenbos Ardith Z. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractResearchers have reported challenges in recruiting US military service members as research participants. We explored their reasons for participating. Eighteen US military service members who had participated in at least one health‐related research study within the previous 3 years completed semi‐structured individual interviews in person or by telephone, focused on the service members’ past decisions regarding research participation. Service members described participation decisions for 34 individual research experiences in 27 separate studies. Service members’ reasons for participation in research clustered in three themes: others‐, self‐, and fit‐focused. Each decision included reasons characterized by at least two themes. Reasons from all three themes were apparent in two‐thirds of individual participation decisions. Reasons described by at least half of the service members included a desire to make things better for others, to improve an organization, to help researchers, and to improve one's health; understanding how they fit in studies; and convenience of participation. Findings may help researchers, study sponsors, ethicists, military leaders, and military decision‐makers better understand service members’ reasons for participating in research and improve future recruitment of service members in health research. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
UV‐Curing: New Option for Light Transmission
Authors: Bäuerle Holger , Hracek Bronislav 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUV‐curing of adhesive areas often requires planar light exposure. Users of UV‐light sources, e.g. deuterium lamps, often use liquid light guides or optical fiber bundles for that purpose, but had to accept drawbacks in either case previously. End‐fused fiber bundles now provide a component solution which opens the entire spectrum for UV‐curing.
Structural and dynamic characterization of a freestanding acyl carrier protein involved in the biosynthesis of cyclic lipopeptide antibiotics
Authors: Paul Subrata , Ishida Hiroaki , Nguyen Leonard T. , Liu Zhihong , Vogel Hans J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFriulimicin is a cyclic lipodecapeptide antibiotic that is produced by Actinoplanes friuliensis. Similar to the related lipopeptide drug daptomycin, the peptide skeleton of friulimicin is synthesized by a large multienzyme nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) system. The LipD protein plays a major role in the acylation reaction of friulimicin. The attachment of the fatty acid group promotes its antibiotic activity. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that LipD is most closely related to other freestanding acyl carrier proteins (ACPs), for which the genes are located near to NRPS gene clusters. Here, we report that the solution NMR structure of apo‐LipD is very similar to other four‐helix bundle forming ACPs from fatty acid synthase (FAS), polyketide synthase, and NRPS systems. By recording NMR dynamics data, we found that the backbone motions in holo‐LipD are more restricted than in apo‐LipD due to the attachment of phosphopantetheine moiety. This enhanced stability of holo‐LipD was also observed in differential scanning calorimetry experiments. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, unlike several other ACPs, the folding of LipD does not depend on the presence of divalent cations, although the presence of Mg2+ or Ca2+ can increase the protein stability. We propose that small structural rearrangements in the tertiary structure of holo‐LipD which lead to the enhanced stability are important for the cognate enzyme recognition for the acylation reaction. Our results also highlight the different surface charges of LipD and FAS‐ACP from A. friuliensis that would allow the acyl‐CoA ligase to interact preferentially with the LipD instead of binding to the FAS‐ACP.
Survey of conspecific herbivore‐induced volatiles from apple as possible attractants for Pandemis pyrusana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Authors: Giacomuzzi Valentino , Mattheis James P , Basoalto Esteban , Angeli Sergio , Knight Alan L 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDStudies were conducted to identify volatiles released by apple foliage untreated or sprayed with a yeast and from untreated and sprayed foliage with actively feeding larvae of Pandemis pyrusana Kearfott. Field studies then evaluated various combinations of these volatiles when paired with acetic acid as possible adult attractants.RESULTSThe most abundant volatiles released following herbivore feeding were four green leaf volatiles (GLVs) and acetic acid. Nineteen volatiles were found to be released in significantly higher amounts from foliage with herbivore damage than from intact leaves. The combination of yeast followed by herbivore injury increased the levels of methyl salicylate and phenylacetonitrile compared with herbivory alone. Levels of acetic acid released were not significantly different among the four treatments. Only phenylacetonitrile and 2‐phenylethanol with acetic acid caught similar and significantly more total and female moths than acetic acid alone. Moth catches with 12 other volatiles plus acetic acid were not significantly higher than with acetic acid alone, and were lower than with acetic acid and 2‐phenylethanol.CONCLUSIONThese data show that herbivore injury does not create a unique chemical signal for adults to locate oviposition or rendezvous sites. Instead, moths may cue to the aromatic–acetic acid combination as a nutritional cue to locate sugary resources. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A robust cryptographic‐based system for secure data sharing in cloud environments
Authors: Mahmoud Ibrahim M. , Nour El‐Din Sherif H. , Elgohary Rania , Faheem Hossam , Mostafa Mostafa G. M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOver the past few years, the usage of cloud storage services has been growing rapidly to share digital objects between data owner and consumers. However, such environment introduces many data privacy disclosure challenges. These challenges are maintaining data confidentiality, enforcing fine‐grained data access control, applying efficient user revocation mechanism, and resisting collusion between system users. In addition, such environment imposes the support of system scalability and generic implementation features. Unfortunately, the proposal of a robust system that accomplishes all data privacy disclosure challenges and the mentioned features is still an open problem. In this paper, a robust cryptographic‐based system that solves the stated problem is presented. In addition, the proposed system offers a novel architecture of data consumer digital identity. The presented digital identity solves scalability challenges faced by previous works without complicating data management for both data owner and consumer. Moreover, the proposed digital identity eliminates the need of online presence of data owner and consumer to exchange any information. Furthermore, the proposed system defends man‐in‐the‐middle attack, ensures identity of participants, achieves non‐repudiation, and maintains role separation between different participants. Finally, the proposed system implementation proofs the system validity to accomplish all the specified goals with acceptable performance. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regression test suite minimization using integer linear programming model
Authors: Panda S. , Mohapatra D. P. 
Published: February 2017

SummarySoftware testers always face the dilemma of whether to retest the software with all the test cases or select a few of them on the basis of their fault detection ability. This paper introduces a novel approach to minimizing the test suite as an integer linear programming problem with optimal results. The minimization method uses the cohesion values of the program parts affected by the changes made to the program. The hypothesis is that the program parts with low cohesion values are more prone to errors. This assumption is validated on the mutation fault detection ability of the test cases. The experimental study carried out on 30 programs evaluates the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed framework. The experimental results show that the minimized test suite can efficiently reveal the errors and ensure acceptable software quality. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rare syndromes of the head and face: mandibulofacial and acrofacial dysostoses
Authors: Terrazas Karla , Dixon Jill , Trainor Paul A. , Dixon Michael J. 
Published: February 2017

Craniofacial anomalies account for approximately one‐third of all congenital birth defects reflecting the complexity of head and facial development. Craniofacial development is dependent upon a multipotent, migratory population of neural crest cells, which generate most of the bone and cartilage of the head and face. In this review, we discuss advances in our understanding of the pathogenesis of a specific array of craniofacial anomalies, termed facial dysostoses, which can be subdivided into mandibulofacial dysostosis, which present with craniofacial defects only, and acrofacial dysostosis, which encompasses both craniofacial and limb anomalies. In particular, we focus on Treacher Collins syndrome, Acrofacial Dysostosis‐Cincinnati Type as well as Nager and Miller syndromes, and animal models that provide new insights into the molecular and cellular basis of these congenital syndromes. We emphasize the etiologic and pathogenetic similarities between these birth defects, specifically their unique deficiencies in global processes including ribosome biogenesis, DNA damage repair, and pre‐mRNA splicing, all of which affect neural crest cell development and result in similar tissue‐specific defects. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e263. doi: 10.1002/wdev.263This article is categorized under:

Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling
Birth Defects > Craniofacial and Nervous System Anomalies
Nanoparticle drug‐delivery systems for peritoneal cancers: a case study of the design, characterization and development of the expansile nanoparticle
Authors: Colby Aaron H. , Oberlies Nicholas H. , Pearce Cedric J. , Herrera Victoria L.M. , Colson Yolonda L. , Grinstaff Mark W. 
Published: February 2017

Nanoparticle (NP)‐based drug‐delivery systems are frequently employed to improve the intravenous administration of chemotherapy; however, few reports explore their application as an intraperitoneal therapy. We developed a pH‐responsive expansile nanoparticle (eNP) specifically designed to leverage the intraperitoneal route of administration to treat intraperitoneal malignancies, such as mesothelioma, ovarian, and pancreatic carcinomatoses. This review describes the design, evaluation, and evolution of the eNP technology and, specifically, a Materials‐Based Targeting paradigm that is unique among the many active‐ and passive‐targeting strategies currently employed by NP‐delivery systems. pH‐responsive eNP swelling is responsible for the extended residence at the target tumor site as well as the subsequent improvement in tumoral drug delivery and efficacy observed with paclitaxel‐loaded eNPs (PTX‐eNPs) compared to the standard clinical formulation of paclitaxel, Taxol®. Superior PTX‐eNP efficacy is demonstrated in two different orthotopic models of peritoneal cancer—mesothelioma and ovarian cancer; in a third model—of pancreatic cancer—PTX‐eNPs demonstrated comparable efficacy to Taxol with reduced toxicity. Furthermore, the unique structural and responsive characteristics of eNPs enable them to be used in three additional treatment paradigms, including: treatment of lymphatic metastases in breast cancer; use as a highly fluorescent probe to visually guide the resection of peritoneal implants; and, in a two‐step delivery paradigm for concentrating separately administered NP and drug at a target site. This case study serves as an important example of using the targeted disease‐state's pathophysiology to inform the NP design as well as the method of use of the delivery system. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1451. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1451This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease
Responding 30 Years Later
Authors: Robottom Ian 
Published: February 2017

This article was written very early in my career. I was part way through my doctoral degree study on environmental education (EE) theory and practice, and had just completed an evaluation of a national EE curriculum development project. In both of these projects, I found that despite the presence of an emerging discourse about what a distinctive EE is or ought to be, classroom practice represented as EE was essentially either informational or nature study in character — somewhat different from the ‘education for the environment’ being advanced by researchers and curriculum developers internationally at the time. It seemed to me that this situation was less one of teachers’ failure to implement government policy than one of EE curriculum developers failing to recognise teachers’ existing, robust personal constructions of EE (of the environment, education, teaching and learning . . .). An entailment of this position is that EE research has the opportunity and responsibility of exploring the relationship of teachers’ theories and practices and the professional contexts within which these are intelligible. Consequently, a new wave emerged of participatory research involving teachers-as-researchers directly investigating the meaning and significance of their professional work. Some of this work is represented in the following publications.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Transient Ischemic Attack from Physician Claims
Authors: Edwards Jodi D. , Koehoorn Mieke , Boyd Lara A. , Sobolev Boris , Levy Adrian R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground:Hospitalization data underestimate the occurrence of transient ischemic attack (TIA). As TIA is frequently diagnosed in primary care, methodologies for the accurate ascertainment of a TIA from physician claims data are required for surveillance and health systems planning in this population. The present study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of multiple algorithms for TIA from a longitudinal population-based physician billing database.Methods:Population-based administrative data from the province of British Columbia were used to identify the base population (1992–2007;N=102,492). Using discharge records for hospital admissions for acute ischemic stroke with a recent (<90 days) TIA as the reference standard, we performed receiver-operating characteristic analyses to calculate sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and overall accuracy, and to compare area under the curve for each physician billing algorithm. To evaluate the impact of different case definitions on population-based TIA burden, we also estimated the annual TIA occurrence associated with each algorithm.Results:Physician billing algorithms showed low to moderate sensitivity, with the algorithm for two consecutive physician visits within 90 days showing the highest sensitivity at 37.7% (CI95%=37.4–38.1). All algorithms demonstrated high specificity and moderate to high overall accuracy, resulting in low positive predictive values (≤5%), low discriminability (0.53–0.57) and high false positive rates (1 – specificity). Population-based estimates of TIA occurrence were comparable to prior studies and declined over time.Conclusions:Physician billing data have insufficient sensitivity to identify TIAs but may be used in combination with hospital discharge data to improve the accuracy of estimating the population-based occurrence of TIAs.
HAPPINESS FROM A BUDDHIST PERSPECTIVE
Authors: Dalai Lama  
Published: February 2017

AbstractHappiness is an essential goal of all people. Because happiness is so
fundamentally part of our being, the question of how to attain it is of great
importance. Buddhism has a long and well-developed philosophical and practical
tradition with the goal of helping humans to attain happiness and end suffering.
In this article, His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama draws on the wisdom of the
Buddhist tradition to explain how one can achieve happiness by transforming the
mind. In particular, His Holiness explains how, in the Buddhist tradition, there
is a special instruction called Mind Training, which focuses on cultivating
concern for others and turning adversity to advantage that can be of great
benefit to people seeking to end suffering and cultivate happiness.
Lowermost Cambrian acritarchs from the Yanjiahe Formation, South China: implication for defining the base of the Cambrian in the Yangtze Platform
Authors: AHN SOO YEUN , ZHU MAOYAN 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTheAsteridium–Heliosphaeridium–Comasphaeridium(AHC) acritarch assemblage is composed of common organic-walled microfossils in the basal Cambrian chert–phosphorite units in South China, indicating that the AHC assemblage can be a useful biostratigraphic tool for the Ediacaran–Cambrian boundary successions in the Yangtze Platform. To test the validity of the AHC acritarch assemblage as a biostratigraphic tool, the stratigraphic range of the AHC acritarch assemblage was confirmed, and its spatial and temporal relationships to other bio- and chemostratigraphic tools were analysed in the Yanjiahe Formation, Yangtze Gorges area, South China. The result shows that the AHC assemblage temporally correlates to theAnabarites trisulcatus–Protohertzina anabaricaAssemblage Zone, and spatially correlates to the large negative carbon isotope anomaly of the lowermost Cambrian (BACE) in the Yanjiahe Formation. This implies that the radiation of phytoplankton occurred slightly before the radiation of the small shelly fossils, and the AHC acritarch assemblage can be another important chronological reference to the lowermost Cambrian successions in South China, and potentially to global correlations.
Transcending the Realism/Anti-Realism Divide in the Philosophy of History
Authors: Talachian Sina 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this essay an attempt is made to transcend the divide between realists and anti-realists in the philosophy of history by proposing an alternative account of understanding the past, one based on the nature of testimonies, specifically theirscopeanddepth. This is done through a critical engagement with the works of prominent realist and anti-realist philosophers of history (Bevir/Lorenz and Ankersmit/White, respectively); other philosophers working on relevant topics such as epistemology, and historians who have written on historical method. The alternative account thus developed is then tested by applying it to the case of theHistorikerstreit, the bitterly waged historian's struggle concerning the history and legacy of Nazism. On the surface it appears to affirm the anti-realist position that posits historical narratives as being inherently normative/aesthetic given the inadequacies of the ‘thick’ realist position, but upon closer scrutiny it demonstrates the merit of my alternative, testimony-based ‘thin’ realist account.
Did Romans Have an Ethnic Identity?
Authors: Gruen Erich S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper begins with a stark contrast. Whereas the Athenians took great pride in claiming autochthony, a bloodline unsullied by admixture with barbarians or even other Hellenes, Rome's legendary genealogy unhesitatingly encompassed a host of divergent blends and multiple minglings. Greek forbears from Arcadia, Trojan immigrants who merged with Latins, Sabine and Etruscan kings, the fabled intermarriage of Romans and Sabine women – all indicate a firm belief in ethnic mixture at the origins of the nation. This article asks a pointed question: if Romans were perfectly comfortable with multiple identities in their own makeup, how does one account for the numerous slurs, smears and nasty comments addressed by Roman writers against other races and peoples? It examines a variety of such calumnies and stereotypes and argues that they do not fall into the category of ethnic prejudice. Many of the more (ostensibly) hostile remarks have been taken out of context, misunderstood, more humorous than malicious, and outweighed by a host of admiring comments. The collection of quips, jibes and clichés does not amount to ethnic bigotry. Indeed ethnicity, in terms of genetic characteristics that render non-Romans inferior to Romans, plays little or no role in these assessments. A far better indicator of the Roman outlook is the remarkable practice of extending citizenship to manumitted slaves — almost all of whom (or their ancestors) came from abroad. The Romans’ sense of themselves did not require the establishment of ethnic superiority.
Revisiting the Roman Alexander
Authors: Welch Kathryn , Mitchell Hannah 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGreen (1978) overturned the standard view of Romans' desire to compare themselves with Alexander the Great. He especially criticised the too-credulous acceptance of Caesar's ‘Alexander complex’. Gruen (1998) and Martin (1998) extended Green's arguments to include Pompeius. This paper argues that in attempting to redress the balance Green, Gruen and Martin go too far. Alexanderwasa powerful icon in first-century BC Rome but the desire to be compared to him grew out of specific, not general, considerations. In the case of Pompeius and Caesar, emulation of Alexander was as much about competition between themselves as it was about any third party.
The Succession Planning of Augustus
Authors: Stevenson Tom 
Published: February 2017

AbstractErich Gruen has questioned the notion of ‘succession planning’ under Augustus, arguing that theprincepswas careful to avoid giving the impression that he wanted to create a heritable dynasty, for it was not in his interest to emphasise autocracy and there was no office of state to pass on. This view seems incomplete, since the prerogatives and resources of the Julian family were of such magnitude that Augustus’ heir could hardly fail to occupy a position of dominance in the state, as everyone surely knew. Moreover, it seems likely that Gruen overestimates the level of opposition to autocracy, that the cause of state stability was aided overall by clear lines of succession, that relevant attitudes were dynamic rather than static, and that there was a higher public profile (and more practical, substantial importance) for the imperial family than Gruen describes.