bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is No Treatment Good Treatment in the Management of Acoustic Neuromas in the Elderly?
Authors: Nedzelski J. M. , Canter R. J. , Kassel E. E. , Rowed D. W. , Tator C. H. 
Published: February 2017

Two hundred twenty‐eight patients with acoustic neuromas were seen between 1974 and 1985. Twenty‐eight received no surgical treatment. Five patients who had undergone previous partial excision were excluded. The mean age was 71 years. The mean expected survival was 14.3 years. The mean follow‐up interval was 51 months (range 12 to 120 months). All patients underwent at least two CAT scans (mean =4). Tumor size ranged from 4 mm to 30 mm.Three patients underwent insertion of ventricular‐peritoneal shunt for hydrocephalus (mean 16 months after presentation) and two patients partial tumor removal (mean 30 months after presentation). Tumor growth was measured in each patient using CAT scanning.Monitoring by clinical examination and regular CAT scanning is possible, but in this study 20% of patients required surgical treatment within one third of their expected survival time. This suggests that an expectant attitude for this group of patients may be a debatable form of management.
Head and Neck War Injuries: 10‐Year Experience at the American University of Beirut Medical Center
Authors: Zaytoun George M. , Shikhani Allan H. , Salman Salah D. 
Published: February 2017

Lebanon has witnessed over the past 10 years fierce outbreaks of violence resulting in heavy casualties. Head and neck injuries secondary to bullets, shrapnel, and/or glass were quite frequent: 1,357 injuries in 1,021 patients were taken care of by members of the Department of Otolaryngology between 1975 and 1984. They were distributed as follows:

Head

Neck

Maxilla
24%
Musculoskeletal and soft tissues
24.0%

Mandible
18%
Laryngotracheal
4.0%

Nasal complex
10%
Vascular
2.5%

Oral cavity
8%
Pharyngeal
3.5%

Orbit
6%

Fractures of the mandible were treated by closed reduction in 54% of cases and by open reduction in 46%; 74% healed well and 26% required secondary surgery. Primary repair of oral cavity injuries resulted in healing in 68% of cases; 32% had dehiscences or fistulae.In around one‐third of the orbital injuries, the orbital contents herniated into the maxillary sinus, so orbital floor repairs had to be done with good results in 82% of cases.The nasal fractures were treated by closed reduction in 75% of cases and open reduction when the wound was open in the rest.The overall infection rate was 12%. The most common offending organisms were, in order of frequency, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli.
Autologous Fat Injection for Vocal Cord Medialization in the Canine Larynx
Authors: Hill David P. , Meyers Arlen D. , Harris James 
Published: February 2017

This study examined the use of autologous fat as an alternative to Teflon® and collagen as the implantable material in vocal cord medialization. Five animals underwent left recurrent laryngeal nerve sections with subsequent fat harvest and implantation into the left true vocal cords. Three animals were killed after 48 hours and 2 after 3 weeks; their larynges were examined with light microscopy.The results of the 48‐hour samples show moderate acute inflammation and few areas of focal necrosis. The 3‐week samples show no necrotic foci, minimal foreign‐body reaction, and maintenance of structure and volume of the injected fat.Autologous fat may prove to be a valuable alternative to nonautologous injectable material in vocal cord augmentation.
Update: Ansa Cervicalis to Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Anastomosis for Unilateral Laryngeal Paralysis
Authors: Crumley Roger L. 
Published: February 2017

Twenty cases of unilateral laryngeal paralysis are reported. Satisfactory follow‐up intervals and data (videostroboscopy and glottographic analysis) were available on 12 patients.The excellent to normal phonatory quality achieved in many of these patients indicates that the ansa cervicalis to recurrent laryngeal nerve anastomosis is the procedure of choice in selected patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Excellent medialization of the paralyzed cord, as well as correction of arytenoid malposition and thyroarytenoid muscle atrophy appear to explain the technique's success, since the reinnervated cord neither abducts nor adducts.We feel that this technique is the procedure of choice in younger patients, or those who use their voices professionally, since the phonatory quality achieved is superior to Teflon® injection or Isshiki thyroplasty, and the technique is reversible.
Developing Soil Conservation Strategies with Technical and Community Knowledge in a Degrading Sub‐Humid Mountainous Landscape
Authors: Guzman Christian D. , Tilahun Seifu A. , Dagnew Desslegn C. , Zegeye Assefa D. , Yitaferu Birru , Kay Robert W. , Steenhuis Tammo S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWorldwide, soil erosion has greatly decreased agricultural productivity and continues unabatedly despite decades of developing sustainability and soil conservation strategies. Current strategies need integrated interdisciplinary perspectives to develop more effective measures, especially in degrading mountainous landscapes where rising sediment concentrations persist. By comparing spatio‐temporal field observations and community perceptions with the Geographic Information System (GIS)‐based universal soil loss equation (USLE), this study critically examined theorized erosion patterns (by USLE) in a degraded landscape (Shanko Bahir, Ethiopia) to improve soil conservation strategy development. Daily hydro‐sedimentological data (showing 792 mm of rainfall leading to 3·2 Mg ha−1 y−1 of sediment yield) revealed mild but variable erosion patterns in 2012. Overlooking hydrology hindered the USLE's suitability for conservation planning. For instance, the median infiltration rate (33 mm h−1) was rarely exceeded (3·5% of events), meaning runoff‐induced erosion risk were not well predicted spatio‐temporally by the USLE R‐factor. Conversely, heterogeneous local perspectives explicitly considered accumulated runoff, saturation (“the water at the top level rests on the bottom”), fertility, and gullies as drivers of erosion (“black soil breaks and forms gorges”). Additionally, they designated steeper mono‐cropped lands as at risk (incidentally also highlighted by USLE). Observational evidence showed steeper midslope areas decreasing in topsoil depth by 14 mm, flatter downslope areas by 0·8 mm, and the mild upslope areas increasing 2 mm. Operationalizing effective soil conservation strategies will require expanding beyond (USLE‐based) technical knowledge to incorporate local stakeholders and consider the main hydrological processes causing erosion in sub‐humid mountainous landscapes: saturated pathways, downslope saturation, subsurface flow, and gully formation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Technical Note: Insertion of digital lesions in the projection domain for dual‐source, dual‐energy CT
Authors: Ferrero Andrea , Chen Baiyu , Li Zhoubo , Yu Lifeng , McCollough Cynthia 
Published: February 2017

PurposeTo compare algorithms performing material decomposition and classification in dual‐energy CT, it is desirable to know the ground truth of the lesion to be analyzed in real patient data. In this work, we developed and validated a framework to insert digital lesions of arbitrary chemical composition into patient projection data acquired on a dual‐source, dual‐energy CT system.MethodsA model that takes into account beam‐hardening effects was developed to predict the CT number of objects with known chemical composition. The model utilizes information about the x‐ray energy spectra, the patient/phantom attenuation, and the x‐ray detector energy response. The beam‐hardening model was validated on samples of iodine (I) and calcium (Ca) for a second‐generation dual‐source, dual‐energy CT scanner for all tube potentials available and a wide range of patient sizes. The seven most prevalent mineral components of renal stones were modeled and digital stones were created with CT numbers computed for each patient/phantom size and x‐ray energy spectra using the developed beam‐hardening model. Each digital stone was inserted in the dual‐energy projection data of a water phantom scanned on a dual‐source scanner and reconstructed with the routine algorithms in use in our practice. The geometry of the forward projection for dual‐energy data was validated by comparing CT number accuracy and high‐contrast resolution of simulated dual‐energy CT data of the ACR phantom with experimentally acquired data.ResultsThe beam‐hardening model and forward projection method accurately predicted the CT number of I and Ca over a wide range of tube potentials and phantom sizes. The images reconstructed after the insertion of digital kidney stones were consistent with the images reconstructed from the scanner, and the CT number ratios for different kidney stone types were consistent with data in the literature. A sample application of the proposed tool was also demonstrated.ConclusionA framework was developed and validated for the creation of digital objects of known mineral composition, and for inserting the digital objects into projection data from a commercial dual‐source, dual‐energy CT scanner. Among other applications, it will allow a systematic investigation of the impact of scan and reconstruction parameters on kidney stone dual‐energy properties under rigorously controlled conditions.
Adaptive modelling of delamination initiation and propagation using an equivalent single‐layer shell approach
Authors: Främby Johannes , Fagerström Martin , Brouzoulis Jim 
Published: February 2017

SummaryA major challenge for crash failure analysis of laminated composites is to find a modelling approach, which is both sufficiently accurate, for example, able to capture delaminations, and computationally efficient to allow full‐scale vehicle crash simulations. Addressing this challenge, we propose a methodology based on an equivalent single‐layer shell formulation which is adaptively through‐the‐thickness refined to capture initiating and propagating delaminations. To be specific, single shell elements through the laminate thickness are locally and adaptively enriched using the extended finite element method such that delaminations can be explicitly modelled without having to be represented by separate elements. Furthermore, the shell formulation is combined with a stress recovery technique which increases the accuracy of predicting delamination initiations. The paper focuses on the parameters associated with identifying, introducing and extending the enrichment areas; especially on the impact of these parameters on the resulting structural deformation behaviour. We conclude that the delamination enrichment must be large enough to allow the fracture process to be accurately resolved, and we propose a suitable approach to achieve this. The proposed methodology for adaptive delamination modelling shows potential for being computationally efficient, and thereby, it has the potential to enable efficient and accurate full vehicle crash simulations of laminated composites. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental Study on Impact‐induced Initiation Thresholds of Polytetrafluoroethylene/Aluminum Composite
Authors: Ge Chao , Dong Yongxiang , Maimaitituersun Wubuliaisan , Ren Yuming , Feng Shunshan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractImpact experiments were conducted with a gas gun to investigate the impact‐induced initiation thresholds of a polytetrafluoroethylene/aluminum (73.5 wt % and 26.5 wt %) composite. Targets of steel, aluminum, and low‐density polyethylene materials and sample rods of four different lengths were used to decouple the effects of impact pressure and loading strain rate. By subjecting the samples to different loading conditions, it was shown that the impact‐induced initiation of polytetrafluoroethylene/aluminum is decided by the impact pressure and the loading strain rate simultaneously. The impact pressure and strain‐rate thresholds for initiation were arrested by the experiments. A 30° inclined steel target was used to produce a compression‐shear configuration as a comparison with the normal impact experiments. The initiation was more likely to happen; it demonstrated a shear‐induced initiation mechanism, and a lower initiation strain‐rate threshold was observed under oblique impact. Based on the experimental results, two theoretical curves were proposed to predict the impact‐induced initiation of polytetrafluoroethylene/aluminum under normal and 30° oblique impact.
IAP Antagonists Enhance Apoptotic Response to Enzalutamide in Castration‐Resistant Prostate Cancer Cells via Autocrine TNF‐α Signaling
Authors: Pilling Amanda B. , Hwang Ok , Boudreault Alain , Laurent Alain , Hwang Clara 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDCastration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains incurable and identifying effective treatments continues to present a clinical challenge. Although treatment with enzalutamide, a second generation androgen receptor (AR) antagonist, prolongs survival in prostate cancer patients, responses can be limited by intrinsic resistance or acquired resistance. A potential mechanism of resistance to androgen axis inhibition is evasion of apoptosis. Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are found to be overexpressed in prostate cancer and function to block apoptosis and promote survival signaling. Novel, small‐molecule IAP antagonists, such as AEG40995, are emerging as a strategy to induce apoptosis and increase therapeutic response in cancer.METHODSHuman prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and C4‐2 were treated with enzalutamide with or without addition of IAP antagonist AEG40995 and proliferation and survival were determined by MTS and clonogenic assay. Western blot was used to evaluate IAP protein expression changes and PARP‐1 cleavage was assessed as indication of apoptosis. Flow cytometry was performed to analyze apoptosis in treated cells. Caspase activity was determined by luminescence assay. Quantitative real‐time PCR and immunometric ELISA was used to assess TNF‐α (transcript and protein levels, respectively) in response to treatment.RESULTSIn this study, we demonstrate that IAP antagonist AEG40995 exhibits minimal effects on prostate cancer cell proliferation or survival, but rapidly degrades cIAP1 protein. Combination treatment with enzalutamide demonstrates that AEG40995 increases apoptosis and reduces proliferation and clonogenic survival in cell line models of prostate cancer. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that apoptosis in response to enzalutamide and IAP antagonist requires activation of caspase‐8, suggesting extrinsic/death receptor apoptosis signaling. Assessment of TNF‐α in response to combination treatment with enzalutamide and AEG40995 reveals increased mRNA expression and autocrine protein secretion. Blocking TNF‐α signaling abrogates the apoptotic response demonstrating that TNF‐α plays a critical role in executing cell death in response to this drug combination.CONCLUSIONSThese findings suggest that IAP antagonists can increase sensitivity and amplify the caspase‐mediated apoptotic response to enzalutamide through TNF‐α signaling mechanisms. Combination with an IAP antagonist increases enzalutamide sensitivity, lowers the apoptotic threshold and may combat drug resistance in patients with prostate cancer. Prostate 77:866–877, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural properties of amyloid β(1‐40) dimer explored by replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Watts Charles R. , Gregory Andrew J. , Frisbie Cole P. , Lovas Sándor 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTReplica exchange molecular dynamics simulations (300 ns) were used to study the dimerization of amyloid β(1‐40) (Aβ(1‐40)) polypeptide. Configurational entropy calculations revealed that at physiological temperature (310 K, 37°C) dynamic dimers are formed by randomly docked monomers. Free energy of binding of the two chains to each other was −93.56 ± 6.341 kJ mol−1. Prevalence of random coil conformations was found for both chains with the exceptions of increased β‐sheet content from residues 16‐21 and 29‐32 of chain A and residues 15‐21 and 30‐33 of chain B with β‐turn/β‐bend conformations in both chains from residues 1‐16, 21‐29 of chain A, 1‐16, and 21‐29 of chain B. There is a mixed β‐turn/β‐sheet region from residues 33‐38 of both chains. Analysis of intra‐ and interchain residue distances shows that, although the individual chains are highly flexible, the dimer system stays in a loosely packed antiparallel β‐sheet configuration with contacts between residues 17‐21 of chain A with residues 17‐21 and 31‐36 of chain B as well as residues 31‐36 of chain A with residues 17‐21 and 31‐36 of chain B. Based on dihedral principal component analysis, the antiparallel β‐sheet‐loop‐β‐sheet conformational motif is favored for many low energy sampled conformations. Our results show that Aβ(1‐40) can form dynamic dimers in aqueous solution that have significant conformational flexibility and are stabilized by collapse of the central and C‐terminal hydrophobic cores with the expected β‐sheet‐loop‐β‐sheet conformational motif. Proteins 2017; 85:1024–1045. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel source of atomic hydrogen for passivation of defects in silicon
Authors: Hamer Phillip , Bourret‐Sicotte Gabrielle , Martins George , Wenham Alison , Bonilla Ruy S. , Wilshaw Peter 
Published: February 2017

Palladium membranes have been used for decades for the separation of hydrogen from other gasses. In this letter the use of thin palladium leaves to act as sources of atomic hydrogen for silicon samples is explored. It has been assumed in the past that although hydrogen diffuses through palladium in atomic form, the atoms recombine to form molecular hydrogen at the surface. In this letter it is shown that hydrogen supplied to one surface of a palladium leaf can result in atomic hydrogen being released from the opposite surface at low pressure. This is demonstrated through the use of a palladium leaf in a direct plasma system which allows for atomic hydrogen to be supplied to a sample while avoiding exposure to UV radiation from the plasma and high energy charged particles. This method is shown to provide significant atomic hydrogen to silicon samples and improve passivation of silicon surfaces.Method of Shielded Hydrogen Passivation: Schematic of direct plasma chamber with a shield inserted between the plasma and the silicon sample.
Development of spin‐dependent relativistic open‐shell Hartree–Fock theory with time‐reversal symmetry (II): The restricted open‐shell approach
Authors: Nakano Masahiko , Nakamura Ryota , Seino Junji , Nakai Hiromi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn open‐shell Hartree–Fock (HF) theory for spin‐dependent two‐component relativistic calculations, termed the Kramers‐restricted open‐shell HF (KROHF) method, is developed. The present KROHF method is defined as a relativistic analogue of ROHF using time‐reversal symmetry and quaternion algebra, based on the Kramers‐unrestricted HF (KUHF) theory reported in our previous study (Int. J. Quantum Chem., doi:10.1002/qua.25356). As seen in the nonrelativistic ROHF theory, the ambiguity of the KROHF Fock operator gives physically meaningless spinor energies. To avoid this problem, the canonical parametrization of KROHF to satisfy Koopmans' theorem is also discussed based on the procedure proposed by Plakhutin et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 2006, 125, 204110). Numerical assessments confirmed that KROHF using Plakhutin's canonicalization procedure correctly gives physical spinor energies within the frozen‐orbital approximation under spin–orbit interactions.
Stable Semiconducting Ink Based on a Polypyrrole/Carbon‐Quantum‐Dot Aqueous Colloidal Suspension: A Potential Sensor for Volatile Organics Present in Food
Authors: Bhattacharjee Lopamudra , Mohanta Kallol , Ravichandran Joghee , Bhattacharjee Rama R. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWater dispersible conducting carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have been modified with PPy through a unique surface confined auto‐catalytic process. Viscoelastic and electronic characteristics of the concentrated CQD‐PPy aqueous suspension confirmed semiconducting ink‐like behavior. The ink forms stable impression on paper, glass and fabric. CQD‐PPy ink coated substrates respond selectively towards different flavors (VOCs) originating in packaged food items.
Fast and Eco–friendly Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Rosemary Essential Oil as Renewable Reducing Agent.
Authors: González‐Rivera José , Duce Celia , Ierardi Vincenzo , Longo Iginio , Spepi Alessio , Tiné Maria Rosaria , Ferrari Carlo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA green and fast methodology was developed to synthesize silver nanoparticles using rosemary essential oil (EO) as a renewable reducing agent. The synthesis process was microwave (MW) assisted, using a coaxial dipole antenna immersed into the reaction medium. This configuration was used to promote both: i) rosemary EO extraction by hydrodistillation, and ii) silver nanoparticle synthesis in an aqueous solution at atmospheric pressure. The effect of two different silver salt substrates and the time reaction on the morphology of the silver nanoparticles was explored. The coaxial microwave‐assisted hydrodistillation of rosemary yields 0.4 % (w/w) in 30 min and contains ethers (17 %), ketones (50 %) and alcohols (15 %). Silver nanoparticles with a tuneable particle size (from 7 to 18 nm) and morphology (from spherical to round‐like shapes) were obtained in reaction times ranging from 2 to 30 min. The nanoparticle formation was followed by UV‐vis spectroscopy and SEM imaging.
Mechanical Stirring Induces Heteroaggregate Formation and Self‐assembly of Pseudoenantiomeric Oxymethylene Helicene Oligomers in Solution
Authors: Sawato Tsukasa , Saito Nozomi , Shigeno Masanori , Yamaguchi Masahiko 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA mixture of pseudoenantiomeric oxymethylene helicene (P)‐pentamers and (M)‐hexamers formed heteroaggregates and self‐assembled as a result of mechanical stirring in solution at 25 °C. No aggregation occurred without stirring, and heteroaggregation was accelerated at high stirring rates. Repeatedly alternating between mechanical stirring and stopping respectively induced and then ceased the heteroaggregation. Sonication also promoted the heteroaggregation, which did not occur at high pressures or during centrifugation. Mechanisms based on friction due to mechanical stirring, which generated local and temporal high‐temperature domains, are considered. It is shown that different methods of mechanical stimulation, namely, stirring and surface contact, induce enantiomeric heteroaggregate formation.