bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do Birth Certificate Data Accurately Reflect the Number of CNM‐Attended Births? An Exploratory Study
Authors: Walker Deborah S. , Schmunk Susanne Brooks , Summers Lisa 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe number of midwife‐attended births is increasing as reported on birth certificates in the United States. However, there is some evidence that births attended by certified nurse‐midwives (CNMs) may not be accurately recorded. In this exploratory study, data on birth attendants for those clients giving birth during the study period were compared by using four sources: the client's hospital chart, the CNM birth log, hospital birth certificate records, and state vital statistics records. Researchers sought to determine the accuracy of birth attendant data as reflected in these four sources and whether other providers were listed as the birth attendant for actual CNM‐attended births. During the study period, the CNM birth log showed that CNMs attended 97 vaginal births, whereas the client hospital charts for these same births noted 92 births as attended by CNMs (the other five were operative vaginal births). Hospital birth certificate and state vital statistics data during the study time period credited 88 and 82 of the client's births, respectively, to the CNMs. Exploration of the inaccurately reported birth attendant data, implications for practice, and recommendations for accurately recording birth certificate data are discussed.
Problem‐Based Learning in Reproductive Physiology
Authors: Lobb Derek K. , Inman David R. , Butler Richard G. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTOne of the most misunderstood concepts in progressive educational curricula is that of problem‐based learning (PBL). Often confused with problem solving, the two are quite different. Courses conducted in a PBL format use problems as a launch pad for resulting study. This article reviews a course designed to enable students to learn and understand the principles of human reproductive physiology using PBL. The learning process is situation based, student directed, and takes place in small groups. The rationale for some of these innovations is discussed and the way in which they were implemented is described.
In Vitro Release of Pregnancy‐Associated Plasma Protein‐A (PAPP‐A) by Human Endometrial Cells
Authors: BISCHOF PAUL , TSENG LINDA 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT: Evidence has now accumulated to sustain the idea that pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) is not pregnancy specific: it can be localized immunohistochemically in nonpregnant human endometrium. Thus, it was of interest to see if a primary cell culture of human endometrial cells was capable of producing PAPP‐A.Immunoreactive PAPP‐A‐like material was detected in the culture medium of glandular as well as stromal cells. The presence of PAPP‐A in endometrial culture medium was specific and could not be attributed to a nonspecific protease effect on the tracer used in radioimmunoassay. The production rate of PAPP‐A by stromal cells could be enhanced by the addition of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). Estradiol (E2) alone or in combination with MPA did not modify the production rate of PAPP‐A. The production rate of PAPP‐A by glandular cells remained unchanged after treatment with MPA and/or E2. These results confirm that in nonpregnant women PAPP‐A is a progesterone‐dependent protein produced by the endometrium.
Antispermatozoal Antibodies in Three Men With Infertility Due to Congenital Aplasia of the Vasa Deferentia
Authors: KAY DAVID J. , HOSKEN BRUCE , BOETTCHER BARRY , CLARK LEON 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT: Men presenting with azoospermia due to aplasia of the vas deferens have commonly been considered to be infertile without hope of treatment. With improved methods of artificial insemination however, and more particularly with the advent of in vitro fertilization, it has been suggested that usable spermatozoa may be able to be drawn from the epididymes of such men so that fertilization is achieved.The clinical situation of such men is analogous to that of long term vasectomised patients, 60% of whom are known to produce antibodies to spermatozoa which would interfere with the fertilization process. It was therefore decided to attempt to draw fluid from the epididymes of three such patients and at the same time conduct immunological studies on their sera, seminal fluid and, where available, epididymal fluid. Unfortunately, the spermatozoa obtained from all three men lacked sufficient progressive motility for use in in vitro fertilization. In addition, all men had antispermatozoal antibodies in their sera. Two of them also had antispermatozoal antibodies in their epididymal fluid and on their sperm, one at the same titer as in his serum. Since it is known that antibodies coating sperm reduce the changes of fertilization it is suggested that their presence should be assessed in all such men being considered for treatment.In addition, these studies demonstrate that antispermatozoal antibodies can enter the male tract at the level of the epididymis or higher and there were strong suggestions of local antibody production at this level in the tract.
Eventual Suicide in Interrupted and Uninterrupted Attempters: A Challenge to the Cry‐for‐Help Hypothesis
Authors: Steer Robert A. , Beck Aaron T. , Garrison Betsy , Lester David 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTA total of 499 patients hospitalized for suicide attempts (attempters) between 1970 and 1975 were followed until 1982; of this group, 28 (5.6%) eventually committed suicide. Six (14.6%) of the 41 patients who had been interrupted during their initial attempts eventually committed suicide, whereas only 22 (4.8%) of the 458 patients who had not been interrupted eventually committed suicide. The interrupted attempters were approximately three times more likely to commit suicide than the uninterrupted attempters.
Suicide Ideation and Attempts in Hispanics and Non‐Hispanic Whites: Demographic and Psychiatric Disorder Issues
Authors: Sorenson Susan B. , Golding Jacqueline M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThis study examined the lifetime prevalence of suicide ideation and attempts in a community sample of 1,425 Hispanics and 1,309 non‐Hispanic whites. The relationship between psychiatric disorder (as assessed by the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, or DIS) and suicide ideation and attempts was also examined. Fewer Hispanics reported suicide ideation (8.8% vs. 18.9%; p < .001) and suicide attempts (3.2% vs. 5.1%; p < .001) than non‐Hispanic whites. More women of both ethnic groups reported suicide attempts than men of either ethnic group (p < .001). Disrupted marital bonds were typically associated with higher rates of ideation and attempts. Individuals with any DIS diagnosis were more than four times as likely to think about killing themselves (p < .01) and more than seven times as likely to attempt suicide (p < .01) as those without a psychiatric disorder.
Suicidal Behavior in Hospitalized Schizophrenics
Authors: Prasad Ashoka Jahnavi , Kumar Nirmal 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTA group of 131 hospitalized schizophrenics who had attempted suicide within the past year was compared with another group of 70 hospitalized schizophrenics who had not attempted suicide, using the Present State Examination (PSE) depressive symptoms. The former had a significantly higher number of symptoms indicative of a depressive disorder.
A Critical‐Mass Theory of National Suicide Rates
Authors: Lester David 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTSuicide rates in nations of the world from 1970 to 1980 were examined to see whether absolute increases were related to the size of the suicide rates. It was found that nations with higher suicide rates experienced greater increases in their suicide rates. The results are seen as supporting a “critical‐mass” theory and are consistent with an explanation in terms of suggestion.
Suicide: Media Impacts in War and Peace, 1910–1920
Authors: Stack Steven 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe literature of the impact of publicized suicide stories on suicide has neglected the influence of social contexts. In the present study, the context of a popular war was inspected. A Durkheimian perspective was tested, wherein the context of war would lower suicide through promoting social integration. Suicide stories in such times should have less of an impact than in times of peace. Data were collected on widely publicized suicide stories during the World War I decade. A Cochrane—Orcutt iterative time series analysis found that publicized suicide stories during war had no impact on suicide. In contrast, peacetime suicide stories were associated with an increase of 48 suicides. This is significant, since the electronic media were nonexistent and hence could not reinforce the publicity in the printed media, as they do today. Further analysis of the relationship found similar results for New York City.
An Analysis of the Suicide Rates of Birth Cohorts in Canada
Authors: Lester David 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTAn earlier study (Lester, 1984) found that, in the United States, cohorts that had a high suicide rate at one point in their life span had low suicide rates at other points, and vice versa. This result suggested that only a limited number of people in each cohort were suicide‐prone. The present paper replicates this result, using Canadian data from 1921 to the present time.
The Mercedes flap and its new variants: a ‘workhorse’ flap for the dermatological surgeon?
Authors: Valesky E.M. , Kaufmann R. , Meissner M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe plastic reconstruction of defects in problem regions, such as, e.g. the heel, temple, malleolar region, sternum and capillitium, is usually a challenge.ObjectiveWe describe the use of the Mercedes flap, a combination of the purse string and advancement flap, and new modifications for use in various body locations. These examples extend the scope of application in tumour surgery of the skin.MethodsWe demonstrate the different techniques and practical application of the repair and evaluate the benefits and limitations.ResultsThe Mercedes flap and its modifications are an excellent method for repairing various defects in problem locations after tumour surgery of the skin.ConclusionThe Mercedes flap and its modifications prove to be a good alternative to other closure types, especially in problem regions such as the shoulder, malleolar region, heel, etc. The procedure is fast and simple, with few side‐effects, and proves to be a ‘workhorse’ flap for the dermatological surgeon.
The role of orthodontics in the regeneration of the degenerated dentition
Authors: Melsen B. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThe demand for regeneration of a degenerated dentition has been increasing as a result of the development of societies, where the life expectancy is increasing and fighting age‐related changes is in focus. Whereas removable dentures were acceptable and considered a norm earlier, patients do, to an increasing degree,demand fixed prosthetics; consequently, the development of implants has had an important impact. The balance in the chewing organ will change with time, due to age‐related changes within the bone and the loss of teeth due to caries or periodontal disease, and malocclusions may develop or aggravate. The re‐establishment of an aesthetical and functional satisfactory solution cannot be reached by replacing teeth by fixed prosthodontics and implants. The aim of this update was threefold: firstly, to demonstrate that age‐related changes, often unnoticed by both the patient and the general dentist, can lead to degeneration of the dentition; secondly, to explain how an interdisciplinary approach can make regeneration of even severe degeneration possible; and finally, to show the importance of the general dentist in the maintenance of the obtained results. Treatments should not aim for short‐term results but focus on maintainable results.
Are sickle cell anaemia and sickle cell trait predictive factors for periodontal disease? A cohort study
Authors: de Carvalho H. L. C. C. , Thomaz E. B. A. F. , Alves C. M. C. , Souza S. F. C. 
Published: December 2015

Background and ObjectivePeriodontal diseases are associated with bacterial challenge and the host immune response, and are also modulated by genetic factors. There is evidence that sickle cell anaemia (SCA) does not represent a risk factor for periodontal diseases. However, it is still unclear whether the heterozygous condition [sickle cell trait (SCT)] is associated with periodontal diseases. SCT is a genetic condition that can cause vaso‐occlusive events, which may be associated with a propensity to bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of SCA and SCT with periodontal diseases by evaluating clinical and radiographic characteristics.Material and MethodsThe sample (n = 369) was selected and divided into two groups: exposed groups [HbSS (SCA genotype) and HbAS (SCT genotype) = 246] and a nonexposed group (HbAA = 123). HbAA consisted of individuals without SCA and SCT. The clinical parameters evaluated were plaque index, gingival index, calculus index, clinical probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, tooth mobility and furcation involvement. The percentage of alveolar bone loss was measured using a Schei ruler. Binomial and Poisson regressions were used to estimate correlations of interest (α = 0.05).ResultsNone of the periodontal parameters was associated with SCA. SCT was associated with gingivitis (p = 0.041) and periodontitis (p = 0.002). Individuals with SCT had a lower plaque index (p = 0.044) but a higher calculus index (p = 0.003) and greater alveolar bone loss (p = 0.010) compared with subjects in the HbAA group.ConclusionsSCT can act as a predictor for establishment of periodontal diseases. There was no correlation between SCA and periodontal diseases.
Sequence-based methods for detecting and evaluating the human gut mycobiome
Authors: Suhr M.J. , Banjara N. , Hallen-Adams H.E. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
We surveyed the fungal microbiota in 16 faecal samples from healthy humans with a vegetarian diet. Fungi were identified using molecular cloning, 454 pyrosequencing and a Luminex analyte-specific reagent (ASR) assay, all targeting the ITS region of the rRNA genes. Fungi were detected in each faecal sample and at least 46 distinct fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected, from two phyla — Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Fusarium was the most abundant genus, followed by Malassezia, Penicillium, Aspergillus and Candida. Commonly detected fungi such as Aspergillus and Penicillium, as well as known dietary fungi Agaricus bisporus and Ophiocordyceps sinensis, are presumed to be transient, allochthonous members due to their abundance in the environment or dietary associations. No single method identified the full diversity of fungi in all samples; pyrosequencing detected more distinct OTUs than the other methods, but failed to detect OTUs in some samples that were detected by cloning and/or ASR assays. ASRs were limited by the commercially available assays, but the potential to design new, optimized assays, coupled with speed and cost, makes the ASR method worthy of further study.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Fungi play a role in human gut ecology and health. The field lags immensely behind bacterial gut microbiota research, and studies continue to identify new fungi in faecal samples from healthy humans. However, many of these ‘new’ species are incapable of growth in the human GI tract, let alone making a meaningful contribution to the gut microbial community. Fungi actually inhabiting and impacting the gut likely constitute a small set of species, and an optimized, targeted, probe-based assay may prove to be the most sensible way of quantifying their abundances.
Making sense in the city: Dolly Parton, early reading and educational policy‐making
Authors: Hall Christine , Jones Susan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we present a case study of a philanthropic literacy initiative, Dolly Parton's Imagination Library, a book‐gifting scheme for under 5s, and consider the impact of the scheme on literacy policy in the English city where it was introduced. We bring four lenses to bear on the case study. First, we analyse the operation of the scheme in the community it was intended to serve; second, we consider the case study as an early literacy intervention aimed at promoting reading development; then we consider it from the perspective of theories about marketing and branding; and finally, we analyse it from the perspective of new philanthropy theory. We use these lenses to help us make sense of the current pressures on educational policy‐making in English cities, as city officials struggle to manage competing political agendas, to initiate reforms in situations where they have significant responsibilities but reduced power, and to maintain the distinctiveness of the places they represent. We argue for the need to reassess our understandings of the ways that literacy policies are made at the local level within this rapidly changing context.
Acidophilic actinobacteria synthesised silver nanoparticles showed remarkable activity against fungi‐causing superficial mycoses in humans
Authors: Anasane N. , Golińska P. , Wypij M. , Rathod D. , Dahm H. , Rai M. 
Published: December 2015

SummarySuperficial mycoses are limited to the most external part of the skin and hair and caused by Malassezia sp., Trichophyton sp. and Candida sp. We report extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by acidophilic actinobacteria (SF23, C9) and its in vitro antifungal activity against fungi‐causing superficial mycoses. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains SF23 and C9 showed that they are most closely related to Pilimelia columellifera subsp. pallida GU269552T. The detection of AgNPs was confirmed by visual observation of colour changes from colourless to brown, and UV–vis spectrophotometer analysis, which showed peaks at 432 and 427 nm, respectively. These AgNPs were further characterised by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), Zeta potential, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The FTIR analysis exhibited the presence of proteins as capping agents. The TEM analysis revealed the formation of spherical and polydispersed nanoparticles in the size range of 4–36 nm and 8–60 nm, respectively. The biosynthesised AgNPs were screened against fungi‐causing superficial mycoses viz., Malassezia furfur, Trichophyton rubrum, Candida albicans and C. tropicalis. The highest antifungal activity of AgNPs from SF23 and C9 against T. rubrum and the least against M. furfur and C. albicans was observed as compared to other tested fungi. The biosynthesised AgNPs were found to be potential anti‐antifungal agent against fungi‐causing superficial mycoses.
Pediatric granulomatous orchitis: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Matsumura Misaki , Taketani Takeshi , Horie Akiyoshi , Mizota Yoko , Nakata Soichi , Kumori Koji , Nagase Mamiko , Harada Yuji , Tanaka Yuji , Yamaguchi Seiji 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old boy presented with fever and abdominal pain, and was diagnosed with retroperitoneal lymphadenitis. At the same time, a painless right scrotal mass was observed. On imaging the testis and the epididymal mass both had abundant blood flow, although tumor markers were negative. Although the right testis had shrunk after antibiotic treatment, swelling was persistent and incisional biopsy was therefore performed, resulting in diagnosis of granulomatous orchitis (GO). No recurrence was found. In cases of scrotal swelling in both the testis and the epididymis of an older child, it is necessary to consider the possibility of inflammatory GO, and orchiectomy should not be performed without careful consideration.
Effect of hemodiafiltration therapy in a low‐birthweight infant with congenital sepsis
Authors: Tokumasu Hironobu , Watabe Shinichi , Tokumasu Satoko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe clinical course of congenital neonatal sepsis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae progresses rapidly and results in multiorgan failure with high mortality. The swift progression of the disease limits the timeframe for conventional treatment, which often requires waiting for antibiotics to show efficacy. Here, we describe the case of a very low‐birthweight (VLBW) female infant with congenital sepsis due to S. pneumoniae who was treated with continuous hemodiafiltration (CHDF) and polymyxin B‐immobilized fiber column–direct hemoperfusion (PMX‐DHP). The infant was born at 30 weeks’ gestation and diagnosed with hypotension, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and pulmonary hypertension. CHDF and PMX‐DHP were initiated approximately 11 h after birth. Mean blood pressure, oxygenation, and blood interleukin‐6 began to improve after dialysis commencement, and the patient survived with mild sequelae. Combined CHDF and PMX‐DHP may be effective in treating VLBW infants with severe septic shock.
Chondro‐osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma of the nasal cavity
Authors: Fang Gaoli , Wang Chengshuo , Piao Yingshi , Zhang Luo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractChondro‐osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma is a rare hamartomatous lesion of the nasal cavity, with only five cases reported in the literature to date. We report the case of a 3‐year‐old boy who presented with nasal obstruction and a mass in the left nasal cavity. The mass was completely resected on endoscopy. On microscopy, hamartomatous proliferation of respiratory‐type glands admixed with islands of immature hyaline cartilage, characteristic of chondro‐osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma, was seen. Neither local recurrence nor distant metastasis was observed after 6 month follow up. Recognition of chondro‐osseous respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma as a benign lesion is important to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures.
THE PRESENCE OF GLUCOSE IN THE SALIVARY SECRETION AFTER THE ADMINISTRATION OF ADRENALIN
Authors: Hebb Catherine O. , Stavraky George W. 
Published: December 2015

1. In cats anæsthetized with nembutal the saliva secreted by submaxillary gland in response to stimulation of the chorda tympani or the cervical sympathetic nerve is free from glucose, unless the blood sugar concentration is higher then 400 mg. per cent.2. After intravenous administration of adrenalin a considerable amount of glucose may be detected in the saliva; the larger the dose of adrenalin, the greater will be the glucose content. If the adrenalin injections are discontinued, the glucose gradually decreases until there is no trace of it in the saliva.3. The presence of the sugar in the saliva after adrenalin administration is due to the action of adrenalin on the gland itself and not to the hyperglycæmia produced by the adrenalin. However, if under these conditions the blood sugar concentration is raised by the injection of glucose, a larger amount of glucose is detectable in the saliva.4. It is concluded that adrenalin renders the salivary glands permeable to the glucose present in the blood.This work was made possible by financial assistance given to one of us (C. O. H.) by the Banting Research Foundation, and to the other (G. W. S.) by the Rockefeller Foundation, the help of both of which foundations is gratefully acknowledged. We are greatly indebted to Dr. B. P. Babkin, under whose direction the work was carried out, for his helpful advice and criticism.