bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Acute Poisoning Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Nepal
Authors: Shakya Raju Prasad , Adhikary Suraj , Bajracharya Rohit 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Poisoning with various substances is a major public health problem and a reason for significant morbidity and mortality throughout the globe. It is one of the most common presentation in an emergency department. This study was conducted to determine the sociodemographic, poisoning types, and mode of poisoning in cases attending a tertiary hospital of Western Nepal.

Methods: A retrospective observational study of two years was conducted from July 2014 to June 2016. Demography details, name of poisonous substance, and reasons for poisoning were reviewed and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: A total of 65 cases of poisoning were recorded. The occurrence was more common in female (n=44, 67.7%) than in male (n=21, 32.3%) with a F:M ratio of 2.1:1. Poisoning was most common in the age group of 11-20 years (32.3%). Most of the cases were students (37%) followed by farmers (26%). The most commonly abused poisoning substance were organophosphorous compounds, zinc-phosphate, and kerosene in adults, adolescents, and children respectively. Oral route was the most common (99%) route of administration. Suicidal attempt, as a mode of poisoning, accounted for 70.8% of total poisoning cases.

Conclusion: Female and young people are at greater risk of acute poisoning. Insecticide was the most common agent and self administer poisoning was the most common mode of poisoning. The occurrence of poisoning and its morbidity and mortality can be reduced by developing and implementation of effective prevention strategies like restricting easy poison sales, establishing drug and poison information centers, and community awareness programs.
Risk Factors of Diarrhea in Children Under Five Years in Urban Slums
Authors: Kalakheti Balakrishna , Panthee Kiran , Jain Kastur Chand 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Diarrhea is a leading cause of mortality in children in developing countries and the condition is worse in slums. In order to provide effective preventive and management strategies, it is important to identify factors associated with the disease. This study was carried out to investigate the risk factors of diarrhea in children under five years of age in urban slums.

Methods: Parents of all children under five years from the urban slums of Tansen municipality, Palpa, Nepal were interviewed using a standardized pretested questionnaire and proforma. Parental variables, environmental factors, and presence of diarrhea in those children in past three months were collected by trained enumerators and the data were analyzed with statistical software SPSS-10.

Results: A total of 450 under five years children were enrolled in the study. There were 216 (48%) male and 234 (52%) female children with F:M ratio of 1.08:1. Occurrence of diarrhea was lower if the children were breast-fed for more than six months, well-nourished, used fountain water for drinking, or used boiled or treated water. Similarly, diarrhea prevalence was lower if father had a regular job, daily income in the family was more than one US dollar, there was a toilet in the house, practice of hand washing was followed before feeding or preparing food, or there was no child suffering from diarrhea in the neighborhood.

Conclusion: There are a few variables that are significantly related to diarrhea in children under five years of age. In order to decrease the diarrheal episodes in children in the slums of the developing countries, priority could be given in the improvement of those variables.
Diversity Analysis and Physico-Morphlogical Characteritics of Indigenous Germplasm of Lablab Bean
Authors: KC Ram Bahadur , Joshi Bal Krishna , Dahal Surya Prasad 
Published: December 2016

Germplasm characterization is an important component of crop breeding program. In characterizing indigenous beans lablab which is used for vegetables as well pulses in Nepal. Twenty three lablab beans germplasm were evaluated for different qualitative and quantitive physico-morphological charecteristics for two years during 2011 and 2012 at Horticulture Research Station, Malepatan, Pokhara. The germplasm showed considerable variations in most of the qualitative and quantitative traits. Leaf size, vine color, flower color, pod color, pod shape, pod type and seed color varied among the genotypes. Variation was also observed in yield attributing characters eg, pod length and width, 10 fresh pod weight, seeds per pod and 100-seed weight. Days to 50% flowering ranged from 81 to 130 days indicating the presence of early varieties. Fresh pod weight of 10 pods was ranged from 45.0 g to 162.5 g. Multivariate analysis indicated four groups in these genotypes, among with ML-02 and ML-10 were distinct in comparioson with other genotypes. Simple selection may be considered to develop high yielding, early type varieties from these gentopypes.
Clinical Utility of Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin(NGAL) as an Early Marker of Acute Kidney Injury in Asphyxiated Neonates
Authors: Chandrashekar Chenna , Venkatkrishnan Akila 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common devastating problem in the NICU. Since the kidney is the second most affected organ in asphyxiated neonates (after the brain), a marker to determine kidney injury becomes important. Serum Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) determines acute kidney injury even before Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) or serum creatinine values rise. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical utility of NGAL as an early marker of acute kidney injury in asphyxiated neonates.Materials and Methods: This was a cohort study performed at a Level III NICU at JSS Hospital, Mysore, Karnataka, India over a period of two years. The study was conducted on30 term asphyxiated neonates and 30 term control neonates. Serum NGAL was measured within 6 hours after birth in an asphyxiated neonate using fluorescence immunoassay.Results: A highly significant increase in serum NGAL in cases group with a median of 323ng/ml as compared to control group with median of 64ng/ml was observed. Of the 30 asphyxiated neonates, 23 were positive for NGAL, and of these 3 had AKI.A cutoff value of 155 ng/ml for Serum NGAL could detect AKI in asphyxiated neonates with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 23%.Conclusion: NGAL is raised in Asphyxiated neonates both with and without kidney injury. Therefore, it is not a specific marker for acute kidney injury in asphyxiated neonates. J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016;36(2):121-125.
Clinico-aetiological Profile of Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Karki Subhana Thapa , Rai Ganesh Kumar , Karki Buddha Bdr , Gurung Roshma 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Thyroid hormone is critical for normal brain development in the early postnatal months. Biochemical diagnosis must be made soon after birth and effective treatment must be initiated promptly to prevent irreversible brain damage. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment from the first weeks of life result in normal linear growth and development. This study was conducted to find out the clinical features suggestive of congenital hypothyroidism and also its causation. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital based retrospective study of 40 congenital hypothyroid children conducted at endocrine unit of Kanti Children’s hospital from 2067 to 2072. All congenital hypothyroid children were reviewed in detail and frequency of signs/symptoms was calculated and also the possible causes were established using ultrasonography and scintigraphy.Results: Out of 40 congenital hypothyroid children 55% were male and 45% were female with M: F ratio of 1.23:1.Common age of presentation of congenital hypothyroidism was 6 to 12 months. The most frequent symptoms were decreased activity/ lethargy (78.9%) followed by stunted height (68.4%) and hypotonia (65.8%).Technetium thyroid scan was performed in 19 cases among which thyroid agenesis was the most common cause of congenital hypothyroidism (42.1%) followed by dyshormonogenesis (31.6%) and ectopic thyroid (26.3%).Conclusion: Early diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism is possible in some children based on clinical features followed by biomedical investigation soon after birth.J Nepal Paediatr Soc 2016; 36(2):126-130
Assessment of Risk Factors, Feasibility and Acceptability of VIA for Cervical Cancer Screening and Prevention
Authors: Rijal Pappu , Pradhan Tarun , Agrawal A , Rai R , Bhatta R , Chhetri S 
Published: December 2016

Aims – To assess feasibility of visual inspection with acetic acid and treatment with cryotherapy for cervical cancer screening and prevention and assess risk factors for cervical cancer in the screened population.Methods – A prospective analysis of all patients enrolled for cervical cancer screening by visual inspection, meeting the eligibility criteria for screening and treatment as per national guidelines 2011 was analyzed form March 2012 to April 2013.Results – A total of 4138 met the eligibility criteria and were counseled for screening, 33 rejected for screening. Out of 4105 screened 241 were visual inspection with acetic acid positive, 211 were treated with cryotherapy, 25 treated with LEEP, 5 rejected to treatment. Mean age of patient in year’s ± SD 41.48 ± 9.72. The visual inspection with acetic acidpositivity rate was 5.9 %Conclusion – Single visit approach is a feasible and acceptable form of cervical cancer screening strategy in our population.
The Effect of the Association between Donepezil and Choline Alphoscerate on Behavioral Disturbances in Alzheimer’s Disease: Interim Results of the ASCOMALVA Trial
Authors: Carotenuto Anna , Rea Raffaele , Traini Enea , Fasanaro Angiola Maria , Ricci Giovanna , Manzo Valentino , Amenta Francesco 
Published: December 2016

Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are a group of psychological reactions, psychiatric symptoms, and behaviors commonly found in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Four clusters of BPSD have been described: mood disorders (depression, anxiety, and apathy), psychotic symptoms (delusions and hallucinations), aberrant motor behaviors (pacing, wandering, and other purposeless behaviors), and inappropriate behaviors (agitation, disinhibition, and euphoria). Most of them are attributed to acetylcholine deficiency. Objective: To evaluate if a higher amount of acetylcholine obtained by associating donepezil and choline alphoscerate might have a favorable effect on BPSD. Methods: BPSD were measured at baseline and after 24 months in 113 mild/moderate AD patients, included in the double-blind randomized trial ASCOMALVA, by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Two matched groups were compared: group A treated with donepezil (10 mg/day) plus choline alphoscerate (1200 mg/day), and group B treated with donepezil (10 mg/day) plus placebo. Results: Data of NPI revealed a significant decrease of BPSD severity and distress of the caregiver in patients of group A compared with group B. Mood disorders (depression, anxiety and apathy) were significantly decreased in subjects treated with donepezil and choline alphoscerate, while their severity and frequency was increased in the other group. Conclusions: Patients treated with donepezil plus choline alphoscerate showed a lower level of behavioral disturbances than subjects treated with donepezil only, suggesting that the association can have beneficial effects.
The ontogeny, phyllotactic diversity, and discontinuous transitions of Diphasiastrum digitatum (Lycopodiaceae)
Authors: Yin Xiaofeng , Meicenheimer Roger D. 
Published: December 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Fibonacci phyllotactic patterns in seed plants are well documented, but whether such predominance holds true for lower vascular plants is relatively unknown. We investigated Diphasiastrum digitatum (Lycopodiaceae) phyllotaxis throughout its ontogeny to extend our knowledge of pattern frequency of lower vascular plants and to measure quantitative variables associated with discontinuous phyllotactic transitions. These investigations allowed us to test whether the same mechanisms inherent in shoot apical meristem (SAM) development of seed plants are applicable to early‐diverged lower vascular plants SAM development.METHODS:Divergence angle, plastochron ratio, leaf insertion angle, circumferential ratio, radial ratio, half conic angle, area, circumference, and circularity of the shoot apical meristem were compared among different phyllotactic patterns and different meristem types observed throughout D. digitatum ontogeny, using scanning electron microscopy.KEY RESULTS:Fibonacci patterns were not predominant during six stages of D. digitatum ontogeny. In all five cases of discontinuous transition associated with strobili formation, divergence angle was the only variable that has changed consistently.CONCLUSIONS:The predominance of non‐Fibonacci patterns/series in D. digitatum is inconsistent with the prediction of interpretive model of phyllotaxis. We hypothesize this is because its SAM, due to its frequent dichotomy, is not circular and primordia initiation is restricted spatially and temporally at the beginning of pattern formation. Change in divergence angle associated with discontinuous transitions is most likely due to the change of the location of new auxin maxima, due to the change of SAM shape and size.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MOLECULAR CLOUDS FOR THE ENTIRE MILKY WAY DISK
Authors: Miville-Deschênes Marc-Antoine , Murray Norman , Lee Eve J. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
This study presents a catalog of 8107 molecular clouds that covers the entire Galactic plane and includes 98% of the 12CO emission observed within

. The catalog was produced using a hierarchical cluster identification method applied to the result of a Gaussian decomposition of the Dame et al. data. The total H2 mass in the catalog is

, in agreement with previous estimates. We find that 30% of the sight lines intersect only a single cloud, with another 25% intersecting only two clouds. The most probable cloud size is

pc. We find that

, with no correlation between the cloud surface density, Σ, and R. In contrast with the general idea, we find a rather large range of values of Σ, from 2 to 300 M
⊙ pc−2, and a systematic decrease with increasing Galactic radius,

. The cloud velocity dispersion and the normalization

both decrease systematically with

. When studied over the whole Galactic disk, there is a large dispersion in the line width–size relation and a significantly better correlation between

and

. The normalization of this correlation is constant to better than a factor of two for

. This relation is used to disentangle the ambiguity between near and far kinematic distances. We report a strong variation of the turbulent energy injection rate. In the outer Galaxy it may be maintained by accretion through the disk and/or onto the clouds, but neither source can drive the 100 times higher cloud-averaged injection rate in the inner Galaxy.
INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM MAPPING IN M82 THROUGH LIGHT ECHOES AROUND SUPERNOVA 2014J
Authors: Yang Yi , Wang Lifan , Baade Dietrich , Brown Peter. J. , Cracraft Misty , Höflich Peter A. , Maund Justyn , Patat Ferdinando , Sparks William B. , Spyromilio Jason , Stevance Heloise F. , Wang Xiaofeng , Wheeler J. Craig 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
We present multiple-epoch measurements of the size and surface brightness of the light echoes from supernova (SN) 2014J in the nearby starburst galaxy M82. Hubble Space Telescope (HST) ACS/WFC images were taken ∼277 and ∼416 days after B-band maximum in the filters F475W, F606W, and F775W. Observations with HST WFC3/UVIS images at epochs ∼216 and ∼365 days are included for a more complete analysis. The images reveal the temporal evolution of at least two major light-echo components. The first one exhibits a filled ring structure with position-angle-dependent intensity. This radially extended, diffuse echo indicates the presence of an inhomogeneous interstellar dust cloud ranging from ∼100 to ∼500 pc in the foreground of the SN. The second echo component appears as an unresolved luminous quarter-circle arc centered on the SN. The wavelength dependence of scattering measured in different dust components suggests that the dust producing the luminous arc favors smaller grain sizes, while that causing the diffuse light echo may have sizes similar to those of the Milky Way dust. Smaller grains can produce an optical depth consistent with that along the supernova-Earth line of sight measured by previous studies around maximum light. Therefore, it is possible that the dust slab from which the luminous arc arises is also responsible for most of the extinction toward SN 2014J. The optical depths determined from the Milky Way-like dust in the scattering matters are lower than the optical depth produced by the dust slab.
Une approche ethno-psychiatrique de la guérison des traumatismes chez les immigrants contraints et les victimes de torture : cas clinique
Authors: Caizzi Cristina , Ciambellini Simona , Blondel Agnès 
Published: December 2016

Lorsque des blessures infligées volontairement et à répétition demeurent invisibles, elles n’en sont que plus dévastatrices. Une personne que l’on torture est anéantie à un point tel que les différences personnelles, sociales et culturelles n’ont plus d’importance. Voilà l’objectif de la torture. Cet article parle de psychothérapie avec des immigrants contraints, certains victimes de torture, dans le cadre du projet « Blessures Invisibles » de l’agence Caritas Diocèse de Rome. Ce projet vise à reconnaître, accueillir, soigner ces personnes et à leur offrir l’opportunité de se redécouvrir en tant qu’individus ayant droit à une vie épanouissante. Un exemple de cas montre le processus thérapeutique, du diagnostic à l’analyse poussée des phases du traitement en accord avec les théories de l’analyse transactionnelle. Sont également décrits le cadre soigneusement construit, les groupes de travail et le réseau social au sein desquels ce travail est accompli.
Ludovic de Besse (1831-1910), un capucin artisan du crédit populaire
Authors: Lebon Dominique 
Published: December 2016

Ludovic de Besse est un capucin français qui s’est préoccupé, dans la mouvance du catholicisme social, de questions économiques. Lié à l’école de Frédéric Le Play, il est un des chefs de file de l’école catholique libérale d’Angers, réformiste par rapport au capitalisme, et méfiante à l’égard de l’État. Sensible à la situation souvent difficile des artisans et commerçants, il cherche les moyens de soutenir et protéger leurs activités professionnelles. Il s’intéresse à la coopération de crédit, crée lui-même deux banques populaires, qu’il veut non-confessionnelles. Il contribue à fédérer les initiatives et s’allie aux républicains alors que, comme tous les catholiques intransigeants, il rêve d’une contre-société opposée à celle qui est née de la Révolution. Mais, pour lui, cette société doit être fondée sur des valeurs partagées par les catholiques et par ceux qu’il appelle « les honnêtes gens ».
Logiques de formation en entreprise d’entraînement
Authors: Frétigné Cédric 
Published: December 2016

Afin de nouer un lien de qualité entre formation et emploi, les promoteurs de stages en entreprise d’entraînement développent une pédagogie axée sur l’apprentissage en situation de travail. L’article s’attache à présenter les trois voies adoptées, en France, pour mener à bien cette orientation pédagogique et discute de leur place respective dans l’action de formation : l’aller-retour entre formations « théoriques » et autoformation dans le « modèle de l’EEP » ; la promotion des activités d’entreprise réalisées sur poste de travail en « EE » ; la valorisation des formations « classiques » comme préalable à toute application pratique dans « l’EEP scolaire ».
« Le moyen de passer de la foi à l’intelligence »
Authors: Carbone Raffaele 
Published: December 2016

Cet article porte sur la question du rapport entre raison et foi chez Malebranche. Dès la Recherche de la vérité, l’oratorien suggère qu’il existe une base commune aux deux domaines, mais dans son premier ouvrage il insiste plutôt sur la séparation de la raison et de la foi, tandis que dans les textes postérieurs il fait valoir la continuité et l’harmonie entre les deux ordres. En analysant certains passages de ces ouvrages, on thématise l’idée qu’on peut passer de la foi à l’intelligence et on montre que cet effort d’éclaircissement des vérités de foi laisse apparaître des sentiments et des états humains, comme la fatigue causée par le dur labeur de la méditation. On se penche ensuite sur l’interprétation malebranchienne du mystère de la Trinité, qui s’avère éclairant pour comprendre la situation problématique de l’homme post-lapsaire. On montre ainsi comment Malebranche se sert d’un mystère incompréhensible pour progresser dans la connaissance de la nature humaine. Dans ces conditions, on passe de l’effort de comprendre par l’intelligence ce que l’on croit par la foi à un autre genre de travail : comprendre la condition humaine à travers les mystères de la foi partiellement éclairés par l’intelligence.
Rôle de l’athéisme dans la pensée libertine : quelles Lumières ?
Authors: Gengoux Nicole 
Published: December 2016

Nous remettons en question la notion de libertinage, non en niant son unité et son contenu philosophique mais, au contraire, en dégageant le rôle foncier de l’athéisme. Ceci ne va pas sans difficultés : d’abord, le rejet du terme « athée » par les auteurs dits « libertins » eux-mêmes, puis la double caractérisation des libertins courante chez les spécialistes, d’une part, sur le plan théorique, par l’anti-dogmatisme et, d’autre part, sur le plan politique, par un conservatisme qui s’exprime à travers la thèse de l’imposture nécessaire des religions. Nous proposons, à l’inverse, de caractériser les libertins par un athéisme foncier, conscient ou non, et un humanisme qui ne doit pas se cantonner à la sphère morale mais se traduit en politique par les idées de tolérance et de « liberté de conscience ». En conséquence, l’idée de « droit naturel » n’est pas l’apanage de la pensée chrétienne ni la libre pensée n’est une simple laïcisation de la pensée religieuse. Toutefois, le lien entre l’athéisme et les Lumières du siècle suivant est discutable, tant sur le plan politique que scientifique. Est-ce à dire que le concept de « Lumières » appliqué aux libertins soit anachronique ?
La production des savoirs sur les pesticides dans la règlementation européenne
Authors: Martin Annie 
Published: December 2016

Cet article présente une approche critique des règles de production des connaissances sur la nocivité des produits phytopharmaceutiques en droit européen. Inscrit dans le cadre théorique emprunté à la sociologie, l’agnotologie, il montre que la méconnaissance de l’origine des normes européennes et leur nature juridique sont des facteurs expliquant que leur substance engendre une production d’ignorance sur la nocivité des pesticides. Les règles européennes de production des savoirs sur les pesticides sont en effet le fruit d’un phénomène de circulation des normes entre l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économique et l’Union européenne depuis le début des années 70. Ce trait des règles européennes, méconnu de la littérature juridique académique, est d’autant plus invisible que le transfert des normes s’opère par le biais de nombreux textes techniques qui relèvent tant de la soft law que du droit dur. Le contenu des règles européennes de production des connaissances sur la nocivité des produits phytopharmaceutiques confirme qu’elles produisent de l’ignorance à deux niveaux : les critères harmonisés de nocivité déterminants pour l’interdiction d’accès au marché sont incomplets et peuvent être écartés par le jeu de dérogations ; les règles annoncent la production de savoirs sur trois catégories de substances prises individuellement, mais seule l’une d’elles est l’objet d’une évaluation, tandis que les règles d’identification des risques liés aux effets cumulés des substances n’existent toujours pas.