bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An evaluation of distributed concurrency control
Authors: Harding Rachael , Van Aken Dana , Pavlo Andrew , Stonebraker Michael 
Published: March 2017

Increasing transaction volumes have led to a resurgence of interest in distributed transaction processing. In particular, partitioning data across several servers can improve throughput by allowing servers to process transactions in parallel. But executing transactions across servers limits the scalability and performance of these systems.
In this paper, we quantify the effects of distribution on concurrency control protocols in a distributed environment. We evaluate six classic and modern protocols in an in-memory distributed database evaluation framework called Deneva, providing an apples-to-apples comparison between each. Our results expose severe limitations of distributed transaction processing engines. Moreover, in our analysis, we identify several protocol-specific scalability bottlenecks. We conclude that to achieve truly scalable operation, distributed concurrency control solutions must seek a tighter coupling with either novel network hardware (in the local area) or applications (via data modeling and semantically-aware execution), or both.
Functional Organization of Vestibulo-Ocular Responses in Abducens Motoneurons
Authors: Dietrich Haike , Glasauer Stefan , Straka Hans 
Published: March 2017

Vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VORs) are the dominating contributors to gaze stabilization in all vertebrates. During horizontal head movements, abducens motoneurons form the final element of the reflex arc that integrates visuovestibular inputs into temporally precise motor commands for the lateral rectus eye muscle. Here, we studied a possible differentiation of abducens motoneurons into subtypes by evaluating their morphology, discharge properties, and synaptic pharmacology in semi-intactin vitropreparations of larvalXenopus laevis. Extracellular nerve recordings during sinusoidal head motion revealed a continuum of resting rates and activation thresholds during vestibular stimulation. Differences in the sensitivity to changing stimulus frequencies and velocities allowed subdividing abducens motoneurons into two subgroups, one encoding the frequency and velocity of head motion (Group I), and the other precisely encoding angular velocity independent of stimulus frequency (Group II). Computational modeling indicated that Group II motoneurons are the major contributor to actual eye movements over the tested stimulus range. The segregation into two functional subgroups coincides with a differential activation of glutamate receptor subtypes. Vestibular excitatory inputs in Group I motoneurons are mediated predominantly by NMDA receptors and to a lesser extent by AMPA receptors, whereas an AMPA receptor-mediated excitation prevails in Group II motoneurons. Furthermore, glycinergic ipsilateral vestibular inhibitory inputs are activated during the horizontal VOR, whereas the tonic GABAergic inhibition is presumably of extravestibular origin. These findings support the presence of physiologically and pharmacologically distinct functional subgroups of extraocular motoneurons that act in concert to mediate the large dynamic range of extraocular motor commands during gaze stabilization.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOutward-directed gaze-stabilizing eye movements are commanded by abducens motoneurons that combine different sensory inputs including signals from the vestibular system about ongoing head movements (vestibulo-ocular reflex). Using an amphibian model, this study investigates whether different types of abducens motoneurons exist that become active during different types of eye movements. The outcome of this study demonstrates the presence of specific motoneuronal populations with pharmacological profiles that match their response dynamics. The evolutionary conservation of the vestibulo-ocular circuitry makes it likely that a similar motoneuronal organization is also implemented in other vertebrates. Accordingly, the physiological and pharmacological understanding of specific motoneuronal contributions to eye movements might help in designing drug therapies for human eye movement dysfunctions such as abducens nerve palsy.
Nonlinear Modulation of Cutaneous Reflexes with Increasing Speed of Locomotion in Spinal Cats
Authors: Hurteau Marie-France , Thibaudier Yann , Dambreville Charline , Chraibi Anass , Desrochers Etienne , Telonio Alessandro , Frigon Alain 
Published: March 2017

Cutaneous reflexes are important for responding rapidly to perturbations, correcting limb trajectory, and strengthening support. During locomotion, they are modulated by phase to generate functionally appropriate responses. The goal of the present study was to determine whether cutaneous reflexes and their phase-dependent modulation are altered with increasing speed and if this is accomplished at the spinal level. Four adult cats that recovered stable hindlimb locomotion after spinal transection were implanted with electrodes to record hindlimb muscle activity chronically and to stimulate the superficial peroneal nerve electrically to evoke cutaneous reflexes. The speed-dependent modulation of cutaneous reflexes was assessed by evoking and characterizing ipsilateral and contralateral responses in semitendinosus, vastus lateralis, and lateral gastrocnemius muscles at four treadmill speeds: 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 m/s. The amplitudes of ipsilateral and contralateral responses were largest at intermediate speeds of 0.4 and 0.6 m/s, followed by the slowest and fastest speeds of 0.2 and 0.8 m/s, respectively. The phase-dependent modulation of reflexes was maintained across speeds, with ipsilateral and contralateral responses peaking during the stance-to-swing transition and swing phase of the ipsilateral limb or midstance of the contralateral limb. Reflex modulation across speeds also correlated with the spatial symmetry of the locomotor pattern, but not with temporal symmetry. That the cutaneous reflex amplitude in all muscles was similarly modulated with increasing speed independently of the background level of muscle activity is consistent with a generalized premotoneuronal spinal control mechanism that could help to stabilize the locomotor pattern when changing speed.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWhen walking, receptors located in the skin respond to mechanical pressure and send signals to the CNS to correct the trajectory of the limb and to reinforce weight support. These signals produce different responses, or reflexes, if they occur when the foot is contacting the ground or in the air. This is known as phase-dependent modulation of reflexes. However, when walking at faster speeds, we do not know if and how these reflexes are changed. In the present study, we show that reflexes from the skin are modulated with speed and that this is controlled at the level of the spinal cord. This modulation could be important in preventing sensory signals from destabilizing the walking pattern.
Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis along the Dorsoventral Axis Contributes Differentially to Environmental Enrichment Combined with Voluntary Exercise in Alleviating Chronic Inflammatory Pain in Mice
Authors: Zheng Jie , Jiang Ying-Ying , Xu Ling-Chi , Ma Long-Yu , Liu Feng-Yu , Cui Shuang , Cai Jie , Liao Fei-Fei , Wan You , Yi Ming 
Published: March 2017

Cognitive behavioral therapy, such as environmental enrichment combined with voluntary exercise (EE-VEx), is under active investigation as an adjunct to pharmaceutical treatment for chronic pain. However, the effectiveness and underlying mechanisms of EE-VEx remain unclear. In mice with intraplantar injection of complete Freund's adjuvant, our results revealed that EE-VEx alleviated perceptual, affective, and cognitive dimensions of chronic inflammatory pain. These effects of EE-VEx on chronic pain were contingent on the occurrence of adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus in a functionally dissociated manner along the dorsoventral axis: neurogenesis in the ventral dentate gyrus participated in alleviating perceptual and affective components of chronic pain by EE-VEx, whereas neurogenesis in the dorsal dentate gyrus was involved in EE-VEx's cognitive-enhancing effects. Chronic inflammatory pain was accompanied by decreased levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the dentate gyrus, which were reversed by EE-VEx. Overexpression of BDNF in the dentate gyrus mimicked the effects of EE-VEx. Our results demonstrate distinct contribution of adult hippocampal neurogenesis along the dorsoventral axis to EE-VEx's beneficial effects on different dimensions of chronic pain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEnvironmental enrichment combined with voluntary exercise (EE-VEx) is under active investigation as an adjunct to pharmaceutical treatment for chronic pain, but its effectiveness and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In a mouse model of inflammatory pain, the present study demonstrates that the beneficial effects of EE-VEx on chronic pain depend on adult neurogenesis with a dorsoventral dissociation along the hippocampal axis. Adult neurogenesis in the ventral dentate gyrus participates in alleviating perceptual and affective components of chronic pain by EE-VEx, whereas that in the dorsal pole is involved in EE-VEx's cognitive-enhancing effects in chronic pain.
Functional Connectivity of Multiple Brain Regions Required for the Consolidation of Social Recognition Memory
Authors: Tanimizu Toshiyuki , Kenney Justin W. , Okano Emiko , Kadoma Kazune , Frankland Paul W. , Kida Satoshi 
Published: March 2017

Social recognition memory is an essential and basic component of social behavior that is used to discriminate familiar and novel animals/humans. Previous studies have shown the importance of several brain regions for social recognition memories; however, the mechanisms underlying the consolidation of social recognition memory at the molecular and anatomic levels remain unknown. Here, we show a brain network necessary for the generation of social recognition memory in mice. A mouse genetic study showed that cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB)-mediated transcription is required for the formation of social recognition memory. Importantly, significant inductions of the CREB target immediate-early genes c-fos and Arc were observed in the hippocampus (CA1 and CA3 regions), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and amygdala (basolateral region) when social recognition memory was generated. Pharmacological experiments using a microinfusion of the protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin showed that protein synthesis in these brain regions is required for the consolidation of social recognition memory. These findings suggested that social recognition memory is consolidated through the activation of CREB-mediated gene expression in the hippocampus/mPFC/ACC/amygdala. Network analyses suggested that these four brain regions show functional connectivity with other brain regions and, more importantly, that the hippocampus functions as a hub to integrate brain networks and generate social recognition memory, whereas the ACC and amygdala are important for coordinating brain activity when social interaction is initiated by connecting with other brain regions. We have found that a brain network composed of the hippocampus/mPFC/ACC/amygdala is required for the consolidation of social recognition memory.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHere, we identify brain networks composed of multiple brain regions for the consolidation of social recognition memory. We found that social recognition memory is consolidated through CREB-meditated gene expression in the hippocampus, medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and amygdala. Importantly, network analyses based on c-fos expression suggest that functional connectivity of these four brain regions with other brain regions is increased with time spent in social investigation toward the generation of brain networks to consolidate social recognition memory. Furthermore, our findings suggest that hippocampus functions as a hub to integrate brain networks and generate social recognition memory, whereas ACC and amygdala are important for coordinating brain activity when social interaction is initiated by connecting with other brain regions.
Long-term safety of once-daily, dual-release hydrocortisone in patients with adrenal insufficiency: a phase 3b, open-label, extension study
Authors: Nilsson Anna G , Bergthorsdottir Ragnhildur , Burman Pia , Dahlqvist Per , Ekman Bertil , Engström Britt Edén , Ragnarsson Oskar , Skrtic Stanko , Wahlberg Jeanette , Achenbach Heinrich , Uddin Sharif , Marelli Claudio , Johannsson Gudmundur 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the long-term safety and tolerability of a once-daily, dual-release hydrocortisone (DR-HC) tablet as oral glucocorticoid replacement therapy in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (AI).DesignProspective, open-label, multicenter, 5-year extension study of DR-HC conducted at five university clinics in Sweden.MethodsSeventy-one adult patients diagnosed with primary AI who were receiving stable glucocorticoid replacement therapy were recruited. Safety and tolerability outcomes included adverse events (AEs), intercurrent illness episodes, laboratory parameters and vital signs. Quality of life (QoL) was evaluated using generic questionnaires.ResultsTotal DR-HC exposure was 328 patient-treatment years. Seventy patients reported 1060 AEs (323 per 100 patient-years); 85% were considered unrelated to DR-HC by the investigator. The most common AEs were nasopharyngitis (70%), fatigue (52%) and gastroenteritis (48%). Of 65 serious AEs reported by 32 patients (20 per 100 patient-years), four were considered to be possibly related to DR-HC: acute AI (n = 2), gastritis (n = 1) and syncope (n = 1). Two deaths were reported (fall from height and subarachnoid hemorrhage), both considered to be unrelated to DR-HC. From baseline to 5 years, intercurrent illness episodes remained relatively stable (mean 2.6–5.4 episodes per patient per year), fasting plasma glucose (0.7 mmol/L;P < 0.0001) and HDL cholesterol (0.2 mmol/L;P < 0.0001) increased and patient-/investigator-assessed tolerability improved. QoL total scores were unchanged but worsening physical functioning was recorded (P = 0.008).ConclusionsIn the first prospective study evaluating the long-term safety of glucocorticoid replacement therapy in patients with primary AI, DR-HC was well tolerated with no safety concerns observed during 5-year treatment.
Determining Health-Related Quality-of-Life Outcomes Using the SF-6D Following Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Elmallah Randa K. , Chughtai Morad , Adib Farshad , Bozic Kevin J. , Kurtz Steven M. , Mont Michael A. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Following total hip arthroplasty, patients’ perception of their postoperative improvement and health plays a large role in satisfaction with and success of the surgical procedure. The Short Form-6D (SF-6D) is a health-related quality-of-life measure that assigns numerical value to the perception of patients’ own health. The purpose was to determine SF-6D values of patients after total hip arthroplasty, to determine whether score changes were clinically relevant, and to compare these with postoperative functional improvements.

Methods:
We evaluated 188 patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty at 7 institutions and who had a mean age of 69 years (range, 47 to 88 years) and a mean body mass index of 28.8 kg/m2 (range, 19.8 to 38.9 kg/m2). The SF-6D values were obtained from patients’ SF-36 scores, and clinical relevance of value changes was determined using effect size. Using previous research, effect sizes were considered small between 0.2 and 0.5, moderate between 0.6 to 0.8, and large at >0.8. Clinical correlation was assessed using the Lower-Extremity Activity Scale and Harris hip scores. Patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 months and 1, 2, 3, and 5 years.

Results:
The SF-6D scores improved from preoperatively and achieved significance (p < 0.05) at all points. The effect size demonstrated good clinical relevance up to the latest follow-up: 1.27 at 6 months, 1.30 at 1 year, 1.07 at 2 years, 1.08 at 3 years, and 1.05 at 5 years. The Lower-Extremity Activity Scale improved at all follow-up points from preoperatively to 1.8 at 6 months, 2.0 at 1 year, 1.8 at 2 years, 1.5 at 3 years, and 1.6 points at 5 years. The Harris hip score improved to 38 points at 6 months, 40 points at 1 year, 38 points at 2 years, 39 points at 3 years, and 41 points at 5 years postoperatively. The improvements in the Lower-Extremity Activity Scale and the Harris hip score significantly positively correlated (p < 0.01) with the SF-6D scores at all time points.

Conclusions:
SF-6D scores after total hip arthroplasty correlate with functional outcomes and have clinical relevance, as demonstrated by their effect size. Incorporating this straightforward and easy-to-use measurement tool when evaluating patients following total hip arthroplasty will facilitate future cost-utility analyses.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Turbodrilling System and Diamond-Impregnated Bit Saved Three Trips in a Hard Carbonate Reservoir
Authors: Murillo R.. , Rangel F. G. , Melo E.. , Gonzalez O. Luna , Romero D. A. , Beltran D.. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In a learning process of using turbodrilling and hybrid bits in Field A, a technical feasibility study was performed by the operator and service companies involved to analyze the viability of executing this new well whilst creating new products to optimize drilling performance in the complex Cretaceous formations. The study had two basic objectives: increasing the rate of penetration (ROP) and reducing the numbers of runs to complete the section.
The Well-3 was planned to drill through three high-compressive-strength, high-temperature Cretaceous formations composed of 30% chert using a 6⅝-in steerable turbodrill. To meet the drilling goals, a newly designed diamond-impregnated bit was used to achieve directional efficiency and to reduce shock and vibrations typically seen in this interval.
The turbodrilling system completed the interval in a single run, achieving both directional and durability objectives by drilling 287 m in 94 hours at an average ROP of 3.05 m/h, overcoming the drilling challenges and high chert content.
This paper will describe the methodology and engineering approach highlighting the most-critical parts of the design, execution, and evaluation phases that were key factors in achieving the objectives and minimizing all the associated risks.
O LADO SOMBRIO DO CAMINHO: ESTUDOS CRÍTICOS EM ADMINISTRAÇÃO E RELAÇÕES PÚBLICAS CRÍTICAS
Authors: Linstead Stephen Andrew 
Published: March 2017

Desastres financeiros e ambientais recentes têm instigado corporações a repensar suas estratégias em Relações Públicas (RP), assim especialistas em comunicações corporativas foram convocados para desenvolver um conjunto de estratégias de comunicação “pacificadoras” e não lidar apenas com definições de danos subsequentes a uma crise. Contudo, até agora, a área emergente de Relações Públicas Críticas (RPC) tem sido marginalmente influenciada pelos Estudos Críticos em Administração (ECA), e o ECA tem dirigido pouca importância à RP. Este trabalho revisa as origens históricas de RP juntamente com o crescimento da ciência social crítica e revela significados consideráveis em linhas paralelas de desenvolvimento e de problemas de significação nas quais se encontram o bem social e os interesses corporativos. Este estudo trabalha com um exemplo conceitual que faz parte da inquietação do ECA – as relações entre desejo e poder – e analisa RP sob essa lente, focando no afamado caso de RP “Tochas da Liberdade” de Edward Bernays. Ao traçarmos a história de RP na ótica do desejo, somos levados a concluir que há muito em comum entre o ECA e a RP, embora raras conexões sejam feitas; que o ECA oferece um conjunto de instrumentos conceituais úteis para a RP, enquanto a RP torna disponível ao ECA um conjunto de narrativas negligenciadas; e já que o ECA e a RP se encontram questionando seus rumos futuros, eles podem usufruir do aprendizado mútuo, algo que eles ainda não conquistaram.
Evaluation of Serum HDL and LDL levels in Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Joshi K R , Hiremath K K , Gupta S P 
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a type of metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. This study intended to compare High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL) profile between type II diabetic and non-diabetic subjects and also find the correlation between HDL and LDL cholesterol in type II diabetic.

Methods: The study was conducted on 100 total subjects out of which experimental group with 50 subjects of known Type II Diabetes mellitus and control group with 50 subjects.

Results: The result of the present study suggests that fasting blood sugar and LDL cholesterol levels were increased but HDL cholesterol level was reduced in type II diabetic subjects when compared to controls.

Conclusion: The estimation of HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in type II diabetes mellitus is very useful as it may serve as a useful parameter to monitor the prognosis of the patient.
PRONY FILTERING OF SEISMIC DATA: MATHEMATICAL AND PHYSICAL MODELLING
Authors: Mitrofanov Georgy Mikhailovich , Priimenko Viatcheslav Ivanovich 
Published: March 2017

This article presents results of the Prony filtering method testing using mathematical and physical models. They illustrate features and capabilities of the proposed method of processing and analysing the recorded signals, which also include reflected seismic signals. Guidelines for choosing the optimal method parameters are demonstrated using examples. The use of such parameters provides the best extraction and parameters estimation of target signals. Based on them, it allows us to analyse the absorbing and scattering properties of the media for the local areas, for the analysed reflectors in particular. RESUMO: Este artigo teve por objetivo apresentar e analisar os resultados da aplicação do método de filtragem de Prony em modelos físicos e matemáticos. Tais resultados ilustram as características e o potencial do método proposto no processamento e na análise de sinais, incluindo também os eventos sísmicos de reflexão. As diretrizes para escolher os parâmetros otimizados do método são demonstradas através de exemplos. O uso de tais parâmetros proporciona a melhor estimativa, e viabiliza a separação dos sinais alvo. Com base em tais sinais, é possível analisar as propriedades de absorção e dispersão dos meios em áreas locais, em particular, nos refletores analisados.Palavras-chave: transformada de prony; decomposição de sinal e filtragem; dispersão e absorção de energia sísmica; efeitos de frequência