bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of the FINRA Rule 4210 margin amendments
Authors: Mathews Nikiforos , Robison Jonas 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
To summarize for registered broker-dealers and their customers upcoming margin requirements for “to-be-announced” (TBA) transactions on mortgage-backed securities pursuant to recently-amended FINRA Rule 4210.

Design/methodology/approach
This article explains the various margin requirements that are expected to come into effect on June 25, 2018. A chart summarizing the applicability of margin requirements for various types of accounts is also provided. Additionally, the article addresses practical steps to bring Master Securities Forward Transaction Agreements (“MSFTAs”) governing relevant transactions into compliance with the amended rules.

Findings
The compliance date for margining under FINRA Rule 4210 is approaching. Broker-dealers will be required to collect (but not post) daily variation margin and, depending on the type of account, maintenance margin, from their customers on specified transactions. Broker-dealers should become familiar with the relevant requirements in order to amend (or enter into new) MSFTAs by the deadline. Customers also should become familiar with, and consider the implications of, these margin requirements.

Originality/value
Concisely summarizes and explains the key requirements and provides practical guidance regarding compliance from experienced derivatives attorneys.
SEC’s unwavering focus on disclosure of valuation methods and calculation of IRRs by fund sponsors
Authors: Earley Michael P. , Panza Jessica , Thrapp Katherine 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
To explain the SEC’s historical focus on the calculation of investment performance and to highlight important issues for fund sponsors in the future.

Design/methodology/approach
This article discusses the SEC’s recent subpoena of at least one fund sponsor for information related to the firm’s practices in calculating internal rates of return and then explains the history of SEC enforcement in this area.

Findings
The SEC continues to be focused on how fund sponsors calculate investment performance metrics, such as IRRs, and the related disclosure.

Originality/value
This article contains valuable information for fund sponsors, such as best practices for valuation methods and related investment performance disclosures, including the calculation of IRRs from experienced investment fund lawyers.
ESMA issues Brexit opinions to EU regulators: a warning shot not only to the UK but also to the EU27
Authors: Yonge William , Currie Simon 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
To summarize and analyse four opinions issued in May and July 2017 by the European Securities and Markets Authority (“ESMA”) concerning regulatory and supervisory arbitrage risks that arise as a result of increased requests from financial market participants to relocate activities and functions in the EU27 following the UK’s decision to withdraw from the EU, and the expected regulatory response to those risks.

Design/methodology/approach
Discusses the possible relocation of financial firms, activities and functions following the UK’s decision to withdraw from EU; the resulting cross-sectoral regulatory and supervisory arbitrage risks that ESMA foresees; nine principles that ESMA enumerates to guide its regulatory response to those risks; some common themes that emerge from ESMA’s July Opinions; and the implications for UK firms and trading venues seeking to establish a presence in the EU 27.

Findings
ESMA foresees regulatory and arbitrage risks in Brexit and a potential “race to the bottom” as certain national regulators jostle for and grab UK market share.

Practical implications
UK firms and trading venues seeking to establish a presence in the EU27 from which to operate will need to give detailed consideration and focus to the resources and operational substance which will need to be located in the jurisdiction in which that presence is established.

Originality/value
Practical guidance from experienced financial services, securities and fund management lawyers.
Pregnancy after endometrial ablation: a systematic review
Authors: Kohn JR , Shamshirsaz AA , Popek E , Guan X , Belfort MA , Fox KA 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundPregnancies have been reported after endometrial ablation but there is little data regarding subsequent pregnancy outcomes.ObjectiveTo review systematically the available evidence regarding pregnancy outcomes after endometrial ablation, in order to equip physicians effectively to counsel women considering endometrial ablation.Search strategyMEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched through January 2017.Selection criteriaPublished and unpublished literature in any language describing pregnancy after endometrial ablation or resection was eligible.Data collection and analysisData about preconception characteristics and pregnancy outcomes were extracted and analysed according to study design of source and pregnancy viability.Main resultsWe identified 274 pregnancies from 99 sources; 78 sources were case reports. Women aged 26–50 years (mean 37.5 ± 5 years) conceived a median of 1.5 years after ablation (range: 3 weeks prior to 13 years after). When reported, 80–90% had not used contraception. In all, 85% of pregnancies from trial/observational studies ended in termination, miscarriage or ectopic pregnancy. Pregnancies that continued (case report and non‐case report sources) had high rates of preterm delivery, caesarean delivery, caesarean hysterectomy, and morbidly adherent placenta. Case reports also frequently described preterm premature rupture of membranes, intrauterine growth restriction, intrauterine fetal demise, uterine rupture, and neonatal demise.ConclusionsAn unexpectedly high rate of pregnancy complications is reported in the available literature (which may reflect publication bias) and high‐quality evidence is lacking. However, based on the existing evidence, women undergoing endometrial ablation should be informed that subsequent pregnancy may have serious complications and should be counselled to use reliable contraception after the procedure.Tweetable abstractSystematic review – pregnancies reported after endometrial ablation have an increased risk of adverse outcomes.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms of autophagy‐related 16‐like 1 gene are associated with ankylosing spondylitis in females: a case–control study
Authors: Li Xiaona , Chen Mengya , Zhang Xu , Wang Mengmeng , Yang Xiao , Xia Qing , Han Renfang , Liu Rui , Xu Shengqian , Xu Jianhua , Shuai Zongwen , Pan Faming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimsTo investigate the associations of autophagy‐related 16‐like 1 (ATG16L1) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in a Chinese Han population.MethodsSix hundred and forty‐nine AS patients from the First Affiliation Hospital of Anhui Medical University and 628 matched controls were selected. Genotyping for five SNPs in the ATG16L1 gene (rs4663421, rs2241880, rs4663396, rs6758317 and rs6431655) was performed using the improved multiplex ligase detection reaction (iMLDR) method. Haplotypes were built after linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis. All analyses were stratified by gender.ResultsSignificant differences in the genotype frequencies at rs4663421 were found between female AS patients and female controls (P = 0.033). The frequencies of allele G of rs4663421 and allele C of rs6758317 were lower in AS patients than controls (odds ratio [OR] = 0.391, 95% CI = 0.175–0.876, P = 0.019; OR = 0.499, 95% CI = 0.263–0.949, P = 0.032, respectively) in females. However, no association remained significant after Bonferroni correction. rs4663396 and rs6758317 have been tested in high LD, and were used to construct three haplotypes: ht1 (CC), ht2 (TT) and ht3 (CT). The frequency of ht2 (TT) haplotype was higher in AS patients than controls (OR = 2.003, 95% CI = 1.053–3.808, P = 0.032) in females; similarly, no association existed after Bonferroni correction.ConclusionsTwo SNPs (rs4663421 and rs6758317) and the TT haplotype of the ATG16L1 gene are possibly associated with AS susceptibility in a Chinese Han female population.
Distinct epitope structures of defensin‐like proteins linked to proline‐rich regions give rise to differences in their allergenic activity
Authors: Pablos I. , Eichhorn S. , Machado Y. , Briza P. , Neunkirchner A. , Jahn‐Schmid B. , Wildner S. , Soh W. T. , Ebner C. , Park J.‐W. , Pickl W. F. , Arora N. , Vieths S. , Ferreira F. , Gadermaier G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundArt v 1, Amb a 4, and Par h 1 are allergenic defensin‐polyproline–linked proteins present in mugwort, ragweed, and feverfew pollen, respectively. We aimed to investigate the physicochemical and immunological features underlying the different allergenic capacities of those allergens.MethodsRecombinant defensin‐polyproline–linked proteins were expressed in E. coli and physicochemically characterized in detail regarding identity, secondary structure, and aggregation status. Allergenic activity was assessed by mediator releases assay, serum IgE reactivity, and IgE inhibition ELISA using sera of patients from Austria, Canada, and Korea. Endolysosomal protein degradation and T‐cell cross‐reactivity were studied in vitro.ResultsDespite variations in the proline‐rich region, similar secondary structure elements were observed in the defensin‐like domains. Seventy‐four percent and 52% of the Austrian and Canadian patients reacted to all three allergens, while Korean patients were almost exclusively sensitized to Art v 1. This was reflected by IgE inhibition assays demonstrating high cross‐reactivity for Austrian, medium for Canadian, and low for Korean sera. In a subgroup of patients, IgE reactivity toward structurally altered Amb a 4 and Par h 1 was not changed suggesting involvement of linear epitopes. Immunologically relevant endolysosomal stability of the defensin‐like domain was limited to Art v 1 and no T‐cell cross‐reactivity with Art v 125‐36 was observed.ConclusionsDespite structural similarity, different IgE‐binding profiles and proteolytic processing impacted the allergenic capacity of defensin‐polyproline–linked molecules. Based on the fact that Amb a 4 demonstrated distinct IgE‐binding epitopes, we suggest inclusion in molecule‐based allergy diagnosis.
Thermal decomposition, chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and gas production and in situ degradability of oilseed residues from the biofuel industry
Authors: Vieira de Souza Anderson Dias , Ítavo Luís Carlos Vinhas , Fávaro Simone Palma , Ferreira Ítavo Camila Celeste Brandão , Petit Hélène Veronique , Dias Alexandre Menezes , Morais Maria da Graça , Reis Fernando Alvarenga , Roscoe Renato 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThermal analysis could rapidly and easily predict nutritional value of ruminant feeds. The hypothesis is that crambe meal (CM) has a quality similar to that of soybean meal (SM), and the objective of this study was to determine the nutritional characteristics of CM and compare them to those of SM. CM had greater concentrations of phytic acid (26.3 vs. 16.0 g/kg) and phenol compounds (615 vs. 393 mg gallic acid (GAE)/kg) than SM. In vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility was lower for CM than SM (752 vs. 975 g/kg DM). Cumulative in vitro gas production at 48 h of incubation (14.1 vs. 19.4 mL/100 mg substrate DM), and energy release (4.5 vs. 5.7 kJ/g substrate DM) were lower for CM than SM. CM had a higher concentration of low digestible fiber, hence degradability of DM was lower and the proportion of indigestible fraction was greater for CM than SM. High concentrations of indigestible compounds were likely responsible for lower gas production of CM compared to SM. These results suggest CM quality is lower than that of SM and that thermal analysis is a useful tool to precisely determine the nutritive value of oilseed residues.
Microarray analysis of Longissimus thoracis muscle gene expressions in vitamin A‐restricted Japanese Black steers in middle fattening stage
Authors: Hayashi Masayuki , Kido Kyoko , Hodate Kyoko 
Published: September 2017

AbstractVitamin A (VA) restriction in beef cattle improves meat marbling; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We performed microarray analysis to clarify the effect of VA restriction on Longissimus thoracis gene expressions in Japanese Black steers. Six Japanese Black steers 13–14 months of age were divided into two groups: S group (n = 3), which received VA supplementation, and R group (n = 3), in which dietary VA intake was restricted. Steers were fattened for 7 months, following which tissue samples were obtained. Extracted RNA samples were analyzed by Affymetrix Genechip Bovine Genome Array. Lists of genes highly expressed in the R and S groups were obtained. The lists were functionally interpreted using functional annotation software, DAVID. In the R and S groups, 48 and 40 genes were significantly highly expressed, respectively. The gene list of the R group included CD36, LPL, GPAM, DGAT2, and SCD and additional genes annotated ‘PPAR signaling pathway,’ ‘lipid biosynthesis’ and ‘mitochondrion,’ whereas that of the S group included COL1A2, FN1 and DCN and additional genes annotated ‘extracellular matrix.’ Changes in the expression of these genes are possibly involved in marbling improvement in beef cattle by VA restriction.
A retrospective study of female reproductive parameters in the Kunming dog
Authors: Wei Yun‐Fang , Wan Jiu‐Sheng , Chen Fang‐Liang , Chen Chao , Li Jing , Cheng Lu‐Guang , Mao Ai‐Guo , Li Fei‐Xiang , Wang Bin , Huang Qing‐Guo , Tang Shu‐Sheng , Wei Hong‐Jiang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Kunming dog is the first and only working dog breed from China to be recognized worldwide. As a domestic working dog, its excellent working performance has been well established; however, its normal reproductive parameters are not well understood. Therefore, this study was conducted to document the main reproductive parameters of this purebred working dog in field breeding conditions. Data on 1004 heats (753 with mating) from 203 bitches between 2008 to 2014, were collected and analyzed. The pregnancy rate and whelping rate was 79.42% and 75.30%, respectively. Finally, for 567 litters (4298 puppies), the mean litter size was 7.19 ± 0.12 puppies (range 1–15). The mean gestation period and birth weight were approximately 61.64 ± 0.10 days and 407.25 ± 1.21 g. The mean sex ratio was 1.03 males to 1.00 female. Estrus occurred throughout the year with no significant differences between seasons and months (P > 0.05), which confirms that Kunming dogs are non‐seasonal breeders; births occurred in every month of the year. Pregnant bitches exhibited significantly longer inter‐estrus intervals than non‐pregnant bitches (220.85 ± 2.05 vs. 180.19 ± 2.94 days, P < 0.05). Bitch parity influenced litter size, and the gestation length and birth weight of the puppies were negatively affected by litter size. This study helps elucidate the reproductive potential of this breed and provides reference values for reproductive performance in the Kunming dog.
Assessment and conceptual remediation of basic calculation skills in elementary school students
Authors: Karakonstantaki Elen S. , Simos Panagiotis G. , Michalis Vamvukas , Micheloyannis Sifis 
Published: September 2017

The specific domain model for math disabilities postulates a core number deficit which presents a prime target for remedial interventions. This longitudinal study identified two groups of Grade 3 students based on their basic calculation abilities: students with persistent difficulties through Grade 4 (PD group) and students whose performance improved into the average range (IP group). Baseline data revealed a distinct cognitive profile for students in the PD group featuring predominant deficits in symbolic number processing. A conceptual intervention based on explicit teaching of basic arithmetic procedures was implemented when students attended Grade 5 or 6. Students in the PD group benefited more from the programme, especially in performing written calculations and in multiplication speed.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Most interventions focus on young students' basic arithmetical skills to prevent serious math problems in future.

Few interventions target older students who often face persistent math difficulties.

These interventions are usually procedural and focus on age‐appropriate math skills.

What does this study add?

A conceptual intervention was implemented to remediate basic calculation deficits at the end of elementary school.

The aim was to help students compensate for their gaps in knowledge and motivate them to engage in math activities.

Neuropsychological testing of arithmetic abilities revealed difficulties in symbolic number processing.
Reducing discrepancies of personal goals in the context of cancer: A longitudinal study on the relation with well‐being, psychological characteristics, and goal progress
Authors: Pama Marlous R. , Janse Moniek , Sprangers Mirjam A. G. , Fleer Joke , Ranchor Adelita V. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesTo (1) examine whether reducing discrepancies between goal importance and goal attainability is an adaptive predictor of well‐being, (2) investigate intrusion, awareness, optimism, and pessimism as determinants of reducing discrepancies between goal importance and goal attainability, and (3) explore how goal progress is involved in reducing discrepancies between goal importance and goal attainability during two major periods after a colorectal cancer diagnosis.DesignProspective design.MethodsNewly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients (n = 120) were interviewed three times: within a month, 7 months (treatment period), and 18 months (follow‐up period) post‐diagnosis. Data were analysed using multiple regressions.ResultsResults showed that (1) reducing discrepancies enhances well‐being, (2) optimism and pessimism are predictors of reducing discrepancies during the treatment period but not during the follow‐up period, while intrusion and awareness do not predict reducing discrepancies in either period, and (3) goal progress is a predictor of reducing discrepancies during the follow‐up period, but no evidence for a moderating or mediating role of goal progress in the relation between psychological characteristics and reducing discrepancies was found.ConclusionsReducing discrepancies between goal importance and goal attainability could benefit colorectal cancer patients’ well‐being. Optimism, pessimism, and goal progress appear to influence cancer patients’ ability to reduce discrepancies. Providing assistance in improving goal progress to those who are less optimistic and highly pessimistic may be a suitable training for cancer patients to prevent deterioration in well‐being.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

More discrepancy between goal importance and goal attainability is associated with lower levels of well‐being.

People are able to change evaluations of importance and attainability, but it is unknown whether this positively impacts well‐being.

Underlying causes of differences in the extent to which discrepancies between goal importance and goal attainability are reduced are unknown.

What does this study add?

This is the first study to show that reducing discrepancies between goal importance and goal attainability is beneficial for well‐being.

This is the first study to show that optimism and pessimism are determinants of reducing discrepancies between goal importance and goal attainability.

Goal progress might be an effective target for interventions that aim to facilitate one's ability to reduce discrepancies between goal importance and goal attainability.
Are the Spanish baseline series markers sufficient to detect contact allergy to corticosteroids in Spain? A GEIDAC prospective study
Authors: Mercader‐García Pedro , Pastor‐Nieto María A. , García‐Doval Ignacio , Giménez‐Arnau Ana , González‐Pérez Ricardo , Fernández‐Redondo Virginia , Serra‐Baldrich Ester , Cordoba‐Guijarro Susana , Gatica‐Ortega María E. , Silvestre‐Salvador Juan F. ,   GEIDAC¶
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundCorticosteroids are among the most commonly used topical drugs. Contact allergy to these exists, but can be easily missed. Corticosteroid screening markers have been included in the baseline series with the aim of detecting most of the sensitized patients.ObjectivesTo assess the prevalence of contact allergy to topical corticosteroids in Spain and examine the usefulness of corticosteroid markers to detect contact allergy to corticosteroids.MethodsIn total, 3699 patients referred to 20 dermatology departments across Spain for patch testing with the baseline series, including budesonide and tixocortol pivalate, were also tested with six supplementary corticosteroids (methylprednisolone aceponate, mometasone furoate, prednicarbate, clobetasol propionate, betamethasone 17‐valerate, and betamethasone 17,21‐dipropionate). Additionally, 2547 (68.8%) patients were tested with hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate.ResultsFifty‐four patients showed positive reactions to at least one of all tested corticosteroids (1.46%). Thirty‐nine (1.05%) reacted to at least one of the additionally tested corticosteroids; among these, 24 of 39 (61.5%) did not react to any of the corticosteroid allergy screening markers tested.ConclusionsMore than half of the patients who were allergic to the additionally tested corticosteroids were not detected with the corticosteroid allergy markers. An update of the corticosteroid allergy screening markers is encouraged, with consideration of group 3 corticosteroids.
Impacts of human activity and climate change on the distribution of snub‐nosed monkeys in China during the past 2000 years
Authors: Zhao Xumao , Ren Baoping , Garber Paul A. , Li Xinhai , Li Ming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimIn this article, we analysed two millennia of historical records and environmental information to reconstruct the past distribution and examine the current distribution of snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus) in China.LocationChina.MethodsWe applied trend surface analysis (TSA) to document patterns of range shifting in snub‐nosed monkeys over time. Random forest was used to study the association between explanatory variables and changes in the distribution of snub‐nosed monkeys over the past 2000 years.ResultsOur results showed that both the longitude and latitude of snub‐nosed monkeys contracted from 0 to 2000 AD. We found that the integrated effects of human population size and changes in temperature in the Northern Hemisphere resulted in a westward and northward contraction of the snub‐nosed monkey distributional range. However, the impact of fluctuating temperature was greatest during periods of low human population density (0–1200 AD), whereas from 1200 to 2000 AD, marked increases in human population size in China leading to extensive deforestation, agricultural expansion, hunting, logging and land terracing have had the greatest negative effects. Further analyses highlighted the fact that the rapid expansion of human population density in regions occupied by snub‐nosed monkeys between 1700 and 2000 has resulted in the recent extirpation of this primate radiation in eastern, south‐eastern and central China.Main conclusionsWe examined the interactive effects of human population growth, deforestation, agricultural expansion and climate variation on the past and current distribution of snub‐nosed monkeys. Our data provide clear evidence that climate change, human population increase and human activities have differentially affected the viability and distribution of snub‐nosed monkey populations over time. In particular, the marked expansion of the human population in China over the past 300 years has resulted in the extinction of Rhinopithecus populations across much of its range.