bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rationale and Challenges for a New Instrument for Remote Measurement of Negative Symptoms
Authors: Daniel David Gordon , Cohen Alex S , Harvey Philip D , Velligan Dawn I , Potter William Z , Horan William P , Moore Raeanne C , Marder Stephen R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
There is a broad consensus that the commonly used clinician-administered rating scales for assessment of negative symptoms share significant limitations, including (1) reliance upon accurate self-report and recall from the patient and caregiver; (2) potential for sampling bias and thus being unrepresentative of daily-life experiences; (3) subjectivity of the symptom scoring process and limited sensitivity to change. These limitations led a work group from the International Society of CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology (ISCTM) to initiate the development of a multimodal negative symptom instrument. Experts from academia and industry reviewed the current methods of assessing the domains of negative symptoms including diminished (1) affect; (2) sociality; (3) verbal communication; (4) goal-directed behavior; and (5) Hedonic drives. For each domain, they documented the limitations of the current methods and recommended new approaches that could potentially be included in a multimodal instrument. The recommended methods for assessing negative symptoms included ecological momentary assessment (EMA), in which the patient self-reports their condition upon receipt of periodic prompts from a smartphone or other device during their daily routine; and direct inference of negative symptoms through detection and analysis of the patient’s voice, appearance or activity from audio/visual or sensor-based (eg, global positioning systems, actigraphy) recordings captured by the patient’s smartphone or other device. The process for developing an instrument could resemble the NIMH MATRICS process that was used to develop a battery for measuring cognition in schizophrenia. Although the EMA and other digital measures for negative symptoms are at relatively early stages of development/maturity and development of such an instrument faces substantial challenges, none of them are insurmountable.
Donor country official development assistance in health R&D: domestic economic burden vs. medical disseminative capacity
Authors: Williams Christopher 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study examines domestic determinants of donor country official development assistance (ODA) in health research and development (R&D). It argues that health R&D ODA is negatively related to domestic economic burden, i.e. pressures that donor governments face because of economic issues in their own country, while also positively influenced by long-standing capabilities in medicine and medical research that are projected globally. Using panel data on forty-four donor countries over a 6-year period, the study finds support for a negative relationship between domestic economic burden and donor country health R&D ODA. It also finds a positive relationship between medical disseminative capacity (MDC) and donor country health R&D ODA, as well as with the ratio of health R&D ODA to overall ODA. While domestic economic burden dampens the overall appetite for health R&D ODA, MDC helps to reverse this and ensures that the proportion of ODA that goes to health R&D in developing countries is increased.
Gender Equality Policies “Confined”: Adopted Frames in the Prison System in Spain
Authors: Ballesteros-Pena Ana , Bustelo María 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The literature on gender and politics has consistently neglected the study of gender inequalities in penal institutions. Our article contributes to filling this gap by examining how gender inequality is represented and framed as a policy problem in the Spanish “Action Program for Gender Equality between Women and Men in the Prison System.” Using critical frame analysis, our findings reveal that gender equality policies in prisons reinforce maternal and caregiving roles, emphasize personal dependency and low self-esteem, and characterize women prisoners as “defective subjects” and “victims,” without adopting an intersectional approach. Our main argument is that the prison system’s failure to embrace the exchange of ideas, involve diverse actors, and engage with civil society, particularly feminist and women’s movements, constrains the formulation process of gender equality policies in this area, and also influences understandings of the issues and the proposed solutions.
Cruz City 1 Mauritius Holdings v Unitech Limited and others, Isle of Man, CHP 13/0066
Authors: Rimmer John 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Courts sometimes seem willing to find that a trust exists in circumstances that enable them to do justice between the parties immediately before them. In Petrodel v Prest, for example, a bare trust finding enabled the court to ensure, in its view, that justice was done without disturbing the virtually immutable separation of corporate personality from its members. Doing so might, however, risk creating an injustice elsewhere by depriving a company of sufficient assets to meet its own obligations. The Manx court recently balanced these considerations with the imperative of assisting a creditor to obtain satisfaction from a debtor.
Predicting Poverty
Authors: Verme Paolo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Poverty prediction models are used to address missing data issues in a variety of contexts such as poverty profiling, targeting with proxy-means tests, cross-survey imputations such as poverty mapping, top and bottom income studies, or vulnerability analyses. Based on the models used by this literature, this paper conducts a study by artificially corrupting data clear of missing incomes with different patterns and shares of missing incomes. It then compares the capacity of classic econometric and machine-learning models to predict poverty under different scenarios with full information on observed and unobserved incomes, and the true counterfactual poverty rate. Random forest provides more consistent and accurate predictions under most but not all scenarios.
Medium‐chain fatty acid receptor GPR84 deficiency leads to metabolic homeostasis dysfunction in mice fed high‐fat diet
Authors: Nishida Akari , Ohue‐Kitano Ryuji , Masujima Yuki , Nonaka Hazuki , Igarashi Miki , Ikeda Takako , Kimura Ikuo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOverconsumption of food, especially dietary fat, leads to metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Long‐chain fatty acids, such as palmitoleate are recognized as the risk factors for these disorders owing to their high‐energy content and lipotoxicity. In contrast, medium‐chain fatty acids (MCFAs) metabolic benefits; however, their underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. GPR84 is an MCFA receptor, particularly for C10:0. Although evidence from in vitro experiments and oral administration of C10:0 in mice suggests that GPR84 is related to the metabolic benefits of MCFAs via glucose metabolism, its precise roles in vivo remain unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated whether GPR84 affects glucose metabolism and metabolic function using Gpr84‐deficient mice. Although Gpr84‐deficient mice were lean and had increased endogenous MCFAs under high‐fat diet feeding conditions, they exhibited hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia along with lower plasma insulin and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) levels compared with wild‐type mice. Medium‐chain triglyceride (C10:0) intake suppressed obesity, and improved plasma glucose and lipid levels, and increased plasma GLP‐1 levels in wild‐type mice; however, these effects were partially attenuated in Gpr84‐deficient mice. Our results indicate that long‐term MCFA‐mediated GPR84 activation improves the dysfunction of glucose and lipid homeostasis. Our findings may be instrumental for future studies on drug development with GPR84 as a potential target, thereby offering new avenues for the treatment of metabolic disorders like obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty for Acute Proximal Humerus Fractures: Is Delay Associated With an Increased Rate of Reoperation?
Authors: Tat Jimmy , Nam Diane , Thiruchelvam Deva , Paterson J. Michael , Sheth Ujash 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To compare reoperation rates of acute versus delayed reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) following a period of nonoperative treatment for proximal humerus fractures (PHFs). We also aimed to identify an optimal time interval from PHF to RTSA before the risk of reoperation significantly increased.

METHODS:

Design:
Database review.

Setting:
Ontario, Canada.

Patient Selection Criteria:
Adults aged 50 years and older who sustained a PHF (OTA/AO 11A-C) between 2004 and 2019 were included. Exclusion criteria included polytrauma, open fractures, non-Ontario residents, invalid health insurance, and any operative treatment before RTSA.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
The primary outcome measure was reoperation within 2 years following RTSA. A risk-adjusted, restricted cubic spline was used to model the probability of reoperation according to the time elapsed between PHF and RTSA to identify a time point at which the risk of reoperation significantly increased. A multivariate logistics regression was used to identify predictors.

RESULTS:
In total, 891 patients (685 acute, 206 delayed) underwent RTSA for PHF. The acute cohort had a significantly lower reoperation rate (3.9%) compared with the delayed cohort (8.3%) (P = 0.02). The odds of reoperation increased with a delay to RTSA greater than 28 days and continued to rise until 100 days after fracture. Patients who underwent RTSA 28 days after PHF were found to have a significantly higher odds of reoperation by 2 years (P = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS:
Among patients undergoing RTSA for acute PHFs, a delay to surgery greater than 28 days is associated with a greater odds of reoperation and may be useful when counseling patients.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Occupational Radiation Exposure During Intraoperative 3-Dimensional Fluoroscopy in Pelvis and Acetabular Surgery
Authors: Gosselin Michelle M. , Ngo Daniel H. , Levack Ashley E. , Kutzler Michael A. , Osunbayo Olaolu , Feng Janet Ching-Mei , Gary Joshua L. , Warner Stephen J. , Routt Milton L. Chip 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES:
To quantify the occupational radiation exposure with a 3-dimensional (3D) fluoroscopic machine during routine use in pelvic and acetabular surgery and to determine whether the additional radiation exposure encountered with the 3D fluoroscopic spin is within previously accepted limits.

METHODS:

Design:
Prospective cohort study.

Setting:
Level I trauma center.

Patient Selection Criteria:
All patients undergoing 3D fluoroscopy intraoperatively during pelvis (OTA/AO 61B,C) or acetabular (OTA/AO 62A-C) surgery between April 2021 and July 2021.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Radiation dose at standardized locations around the operating room during the spin portion of the 3D fluoroscopy.

RESULTS:
Seventy-six 3D spins were performed on 69 patients during the study period. The average emitted radiation dose from the machine for the routine fluoroscopy portion of the case was 74.5 mGy. The average displayed radiation dose in the air for the spin portion of the case was 39.9 mGy, an average of 53.6% less radiation than the routine fluoroscopy portion. For the spin portion, the average radiation exposure seen by the patient was 3.42 mGy (centered on the patient) and the average maximal exposure in the room was 0.062 mGy. Minimal radiation was detected outside the operating room doors.

CONCLUSIONS:
The radiation exposure encountered by operating room personnel with 3D fluoroscopy appears to be within safe occupational limits. The marginal increase in radiation exposure during pelvic and acetabular surgery should not discourage the use of 3D imaging intraoperatively.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Level IV, Case Series.
Disparities in screening and risk stratification for Hispanic adults with metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Tincopa Monica A. , Díaz Luis Antonio , Huang Daniel Q. , Arab Juan Pablo , Arrese Marco , Gadano Adrian , Oliveira Claudia P. , Bettencourt Richele , Madamba Egbert , Kim Susy , Siddiqi Harris , Barreyro Fernando Javier , Marciano Sebastián , Martínez Morales Jorge , Villela-Nogueira Cristiane , Leite Nathalie , Couto Claudia Alves , Theodoro Rafael , Joyner de Sousa Dias Monteiro Mísia , Pessoa Mario G. , Alvares-da-Silva Mario Reis , Higuera de la Tijera Fatima , Sabate Constanza D. , Mendizabal Manuel , Richards Lisa , Sirlin Claude B. , Loomba Rohit 
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims:
Cut-points for noninvasive tests for risk stratification in metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease were derived from predominantly non-Hispanic populations. It is unknown if these cut-points perform adequately in Hispanic individuals. We assessed the performance characteristics of current noninvasive test cut-points among Hispanic patients and determined whether they could be further optimized.

Approach and Results:
We prospectively enrolled 244 adults with biopsy-proven metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease. Participants underwent a research visit with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE). Histology and imaging assessments were conducted centrally. Diagnostic performance was evaluated by AUROC and optimal cut-points were identified by Youden J analysis. The mean (±SD) age and body mass index were 52.6 (±13) and 31.6 (±4.6) kg/m2. Overall, 40% had diabetes, and 31% (N = 75) were Hispanic. Forty percent of Hispanic and 28.4% of non-Hispanic patients had significant fibrosis. To detect significant fibrosis, MRE and VCTE exhibited significantly lower accuracy in Hispanic versus non-Hispanic participants (AUROC: MRE, 0.87 vs. 0.98, p = 0.01; VCTE, 0.78 vs. 0.92, p = 0.02). Clinical care algorithms yielded high false-negative rates among Hispanic participants (14% with low-risk fibrosis-4 index and 21% with low-risk VCTE had advanced fibrosis on biopsy). Cut-points of 2.73 kPa for MRE and 6.9 kPa for VCTE were optimal for detecting significant fibrosis in Hispanic individuals. Findings were validated in a Latin American cohort.

Conclusions:
Lower noninvasive test cut-points may be needed to optimize surveillance for significant fibrosis due to metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease in Hispanic populations commensurate with their higher burden and severity of disease.
Mortality trends, sex, and racial disparities in older adults due to abdominal aortic aneurysm: a nationwide cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Goyal Aman , Saeed Humza , Shahnoor Syeda , Arshad Muhammad Khubaib , Wasay Abdul , Abdullah  , Daoud Mohamed , Sohail Amir Humza 
Published: October 2024

Abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) are a significant vascular pathology in older adults, often asymptomatic but with high mortality upon rupture. Despite advancements in diagnostic imaging and surgical interventions, AAAs remain a public health concern. This research letter analyzed CDC WONDER data on AAA-related deaths (ICD-10 I71.3 and I71.4) among US adults aged 65+ from 1999 to 2020. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) and annual percent change (APC) were calculated by year, sex, age group, race/ethnicity, geography, and urbanization status. Between 1999 and 2020, there were 180 037 reported deaths in older adults due to AAA. The overall AAMR decreased from 32.6 to 13.2 per 100 000, with a significant decline from 2014 to 2020 (APC: −1.66; 95% CI: −2.48 to −0.48). Older men had a significantly higher AAMR than older women (31.2 vs. 12). Among racial and ethnic groups, Non-Hispanic (NH) Whites had the highest AAMR at 21.7, followed by NH American Indian or Alaska Native (14.5), NH Black (12.6), NH Asian or Pacific Islander (10.1), and Hispanic populations (8.4). Additionally, non-metropolitan areas exhibited higher AAMRs compared to metropolitan areas (23.9 vs. 18.7). While mortality rates have declined, disparities remain, with higher rates among older men, NH Whites, and non-metropolitan residents, highlighting the need for targeted and equitable interventions.
Self-Report and Performance-Based Measures for Pelvic Girdle Pain During Pregnancy
Authors: Stevermer Catherine A. , Smith Kari N. , Buhrow Courtney , Butz Lindsey N. , Garces Mary , Williams Britney S. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to quantify functional mobility in pregnant individuals during the second and third trimesters, both with and with no pelvic girdle pain, using performance-based measures as compared with self-report tools.

Methods:
Study participants included 58 individuals between 18 and 45 years of age in the second or third trimesters of pregnancy who were categorized by pelvic girdle pain ratings and positive screening results. Participants completed the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) and the Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire (PFIQ), and were evaluated by accelerometry during quiet standing, straight-line walking, and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test.

Results:
The majority of performance measures captured using accelerometry were not statistically different between the Pain and Control groups. However, turning velocities were lower in the third trimester group during turning phases of the TUG (P < .006). Pain and No Pain groups differed in the distribution of PFIQ responses on Chores (P < .001), Exercise (P < .001), Travel (P = .012), and Frustration (P < .001). A statistical difference was present between the Pain and Control groups in PGQ total score (P < .001), and response distributions were statistically different on multiple PGQ items.

Discussion:
For pregnant individuals, accelerometry-based performance measures do not appear to detect difficulty with mobility, which may begin to be reported during the second trimester. Patient-report outcome tools may help clinicians capture movement difficulty and address biopsychosocial factors that impact pelvic girdle pain associated with pregnancy.
Clinical features and surgical outcomes of membranous subaortic stenosis in three siblings: a case series and literature review
Authors: Alaswad Mohammed , Almohamed Ahmad , Alsmoudi Hasan , Haydar Hasan , Karaja Saja , Barakat Lyne , Takkem Saleh 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Subvalvular aortic stenosis (SAS) is a rare heart condition that can cause LVOT obstruction and lead to serious complications. While surgery is the main treatment, recurrence is a concern. This case series highlights the challenges in managing SAS in young patients.

Case Series:
Three young brothers presented with symptoms of shortness of breath and chest tightness. All were diagnosed with membranous SAS through echocardiography and Doppler ultrasound. Surgical intervention was performed to remove the obstruction, but all three patients experienced recurrence within 2 years.

Discussion:
This case series of three brothers suggests a genetic predisposition. Symptoms included exertional dyspnea and chest tightness, diagnosed via echocardiography. Surgical intervention is the primary treatment, but its timing is debated due to recurrence risks and complications.

Conclusions:
This case series suggests a possible genetic predisposition to SAS. Despite successful initial surgery, the high recurrence rate highlights the need for improved management strategies and long-term follow-up. Further research is crucial to understand the causes of recurrence and optimize treatment for children with SAS.
Safety and efficacy of sertraline in depression among adults undergoing dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Qammar Asfia , Azeem Bazil , Kumar Sateesh , Kumari Madhurta , Hassan Farhad , Khurram Laiba , Kumar Sumet , Fasih Abdul , Khan Arwa , Basit Azeem Muhammad , Sadiq Nimra , Dibaj Ramsha , Sharma Varsha 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Depression is prevalent among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing dialysis, with significant implications for their quality of life and treatment compliance. Traditional treatments for depression, including various therapies and pharmacological interventions, have limitations due to their adverse effects. Sertraline, a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI), offers a promising alternative, but its efficacy and safety in this population require thorough evaluation.

Objective:
This meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness and adverse effects of sertraline in treating depressive episodes in dialysis patients compared to placebo.

Methods:
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the authors conducted a comprehensive search of databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct, up to 20 June 2024. The authors included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared sertraline with placebo in dialysis patients with depression. Two researchers independently performed data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Statistical analysis was conducted using ReviewManager 5.4.1, employing a random effects model.

Results:
Four RCTs involving 468 participants were included. Sertraline significantly reduced depressive symptoms, as measured by the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores, at 6 and 12 weeks compared to placebo. Improvements in kidney disease-specific quality of life (KDQOL-36) scores were also noted. However, sertraline was associated with a higher risk of adverse events compared to placebo.

Conclusions:
Sertraline effectively reduces depressive symptoms and improves the quality of life in dialysis patients with ESRD. Despite the increased risk of adverse events, the overall benefits make sertraline a viable treatment option for this population. Larger, more comprehensive studies are needed to confirm these findings and optimize sertraline use in clinical practice.
Effect of a Financial Incentive Scheme for Medication Review on Polypharmacy in Elderly Inpatients With Dementia: A Retrospective Before-and-After Study
Authors: Morita Takahito , Sasabuchi Yusuke , Yamana Hayato , Hosoi Tatsuya , Ogawa Sumito , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Matsui Hiroki , Fushimi Kiyohide , Yasunaga Hideo 
Published: October 2024

Objectives
Polypharmacy is an important healthcare issue, especially in elderly patients with dementia. As an incentive to reduce polypharmacy, a health insurance reimbursement scheme was introduced in 2016 for medication review and the reduction of medications for inpatients in Japan. However, the effects of these incentive schemes were not evaluated.

Methods
We identified 1,465,881 inpatients aged ≥65 years with dementia. An interrupted time-series analysis was conducted by fitting a Prais-Winsten linear regression model. The outcome measure was the number of classes of medications prescribed during discharge.

Results
No significant changes were observed in the average number of medication classes at discharge immediately after the introduction of the scheme (coefficient: −0.022, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.17 to 0.13). The slope change, representing the effect of the intervention over time, was also not significant (coefficient: −0.00053, 95% confidence interval: −0.0012 to 0.00018).

Conclusions
The incentive scheme was not associated with a reduction in the number of medication classes at discharge among older inpatients with dementia.