bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Epicardial Fat Thickness Correlates with Aortic Stiffness and N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Altun Ibrahim , Unal Yasemin , Basaran Ozcan , Akin Fatih , Emir Gulser Karadaban , Kutlu Gulnihal , Biteker Murat 
Published: June 2016

Epicardial fat, a metabolically active tissue, has emerged as a risk factor and active player in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. We investigated epicardial fat thickness in patients who had sustained an acute ischemic stroke, and we evaluated the relationship of epicardial fat thickness with other prognostic factors.
We enrolled 61 consecutive patients (age, ≥18 yr) who had sustained a first acute ischemic stroke and had been admitted to our hospital within 24 hours of the onset of stroke symptoms. The control group comprised 82 consecutive sex- and age-matched patients free of past or current stroke who had been admitted to our cardiology clinics. Blood samples were taken for measurement of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels at admission. Aortic stiffness indices and epicardial fat thickness were measured by means of transthoracic echocardiography within the first 48 hours.
In comparison with the control group, the patients with acute ischemic stroke had significantly higher epicardial fat thickness (4.8 ± 0.9 vs 3.8 ± 0.7 mm; P <0.001), lower aortic distensibility (2.5 ± 0.8 vs 3.4 ± 0.9 cm2·dyn−1; P <0.001) and lower aortic strain (5.5% ± 1.9% vs 6.4% ± 1.8%; P=0.003).
We found a significant association between epicardial fat thickness, NT-proBNP levels, and arterial dysfunction in patients who had sustained acute ischemic stroke. Increased epicardial fat thickness might be a novel risk factor and might enable evaluation of subclinical target-organ damage in these patients.
Clinicopathologic Profile and Outcome of Extranodal Diffuse Large B-Cell NHL: Egyptian National Cancer Institute Experience
Authors: Khorshed Ola , Helal Amany , Sallam Yasser A. , Salama Asmaa , Amin Mohammad 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Background: Primary extranodal diffuse large B-Cell lymphoma (PE-DLBCL) accounts for about one-third of all cases of DLBCL. We reviewed the clinical and pathological characteristics of cases with PE-DLBCL presented to NCI, Egypt.
Patients and methods: We retrospectively studied patients with pathologically documented PE-DLBCL presented to the National Cancer Institute between January 2008 and December 2010. Revision of histopathology and sub-classification of patients to germinal centre (GC) DLBCL and non-GC-DLBCL through immunostaining of CD10, BCL-6 and MUM-1 were done. Cases that were CD10+/BCL-6±/ MUM-1- were categorised as GC-DLBCL, while cases that were CD10-/BCL-6±/MUM-1+ were categorised as non-GC-DLBCL. Clinical data regarding baseline characteristics, chemotherapy given and the response to chemotherapy was collected.
Results: A total of 57 patients of PE-DLBCL were included in the study. Mean age was 48.9 years (range 21-78), and 32 patients (56.1%) were females. Most frequent locations were gastrointestinal and liver (29.9% and 22.9 %; respectively). Forty-two patients (73.7%) were sub-classified as non-GC-DLBCL. The patients who were stage III/IV were more common (52.6%). Fifty-two patients received CHOP, 5 received CVP, and 6 patients received radiotherapy after finishing chemotherapy. Complete response rate (CR) was 64.9%, there was no difference in the CR (66.7%, 64.3%) and Overall Survival (53.3%, 52.4%) in GC-DLBCL group in comparison to non-GC-DLBCL group (p = 0.24 and 0.6; respectively). The CR and OS for patients with low international prognostic index (IPI) were significantly better than patients with intermediate or high IPI (p = 0.008 and 0.08, respectively).
Conclusion: Non-GC-DLBCL is more common than GC-DLBCL in PE-DLBCL in Egyptian population. The most affected sites are gastrointestinal and liver reflecting the association between high frequency of hepatitis B and C and hepatic non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL). Stage of the disease and IPI remains the most important prognostic factor for PE-DLBCL.
Sustainable gold catalysis: synthesis of new spiroacetals
Authors: Wagner Bernd , Belger Katrin , Minkler Stefan , Belting Volker , Krause Norbert 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Various [O,O]- and [N,O]-spiroacetals were synthesized by gold-catalyzed spirocyclization of suitable functionalized alkynes. Whereas simple spiroacetals with two heteroatoms were readily obtained by regioselective cyclization of acetylenic diols or aminoalcohols, hitherto unknown spirocyclic isoxazolidines and pyrazolidines bearing three heteroatoms were formed by three-component coupling of alkynols, aldehydes, and protected hydroxylamine or hydrazine derivatives. The sustainability of these spirocyclizations was improved by using recyclable gold catalysts in water or nanomicelles as reaction medium.
Description of selected diagnostic tools in assessing the risk of venous thromboembolic disease
Authors: Piotrkowska Renata , Jarzynkowski Piotr , Książek Janina 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Introduction. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and its most severe complication, pulmonary embolism (PE) is an interdisciplinary medical problem. Despite a wealth of knowledge, pulmonary embolism is the cause of about 10% of deaths among hospitalized patients and the most common factor which can be prevented. Therefore correct, rapid diagnosis of the patient’s assessment of the risk of sudden death and the quick implementation of treatment are essential to reduce mortality in this disease and prevent its distant complications.

Aim of the study. The aim of this paper is to discuss on the basis of Polish and world literature the selected diagnostic tools in assessing the risk of venous thromboembolic disease.
Child’s problems with Synovial Sarcoma – case study
Authors: Barcik Natalia , Nowak Agnieszka , Krawczyk Bożena 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Introduction. Soft tissue sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignant tumors derived from the embryonic mesenchymal and neuroectodermal tissue. In Poland, they constitute about 7% of all childhood malignant tumors and represent the fifth group of the most common tumorous under the age of 16 after leukemia, central nervous system tumor, lymphoma and neuroblastoma. When starting treatment of a child with cancer, the following points should be taken into account: the type, localization and size of cancer with its dynamics and the stage of disease, the general condition and the age of a patient. The contemporary treatment of patients with malignant tumor is combined and multi-profile. This treatment consists of multidrug chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy, rehabilitation and palliative care.
In order to analyze care problems of a child with malignant tumor, we present the case of a girl with Synovial Sarcoma who was diagnosed after a year and a half since the first symptoms have occurred. It had a significant impact on the girl’s health condition, emotional and social development as well as on the functioning of her whole family.

Aim. The aim of the study was to present the problem associated with a care of a child with malignant tumor based on the analysis of a chosen clinical occurrence.

Material and methods. Analysis of medical records of the child was diagnosed thenar tumor of the left hand Synovial Sarcoma and the anamnestic interview with the family.

Results and conclusions. Problems of the child diagnosed with cancer are significantly associated with somatic symptoms of the disease such as pain, or complications of chemotherapy. Equally important are the issues related to child mental sphere. A difficult problem is anxiety and impaired sense of security, particularly in cases when the diagnosis process is very long.
Ortsaufgelöste Impedanzspektroskopie an einer PEM-Brennstoffzelle
Authors: Klambauer Reinhard , Eichberger Bernd 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung
Für den Test und
die Entwicklung von „Proton-Exchange-Membrane“-(PEM-)Brennstoffzellen
sind die elektrochemische Impedanzspektroskopie (EIS) und „Total-Harmonic-Distortion“-Analyse
(THDA) essentielle Messmethoden. Diese Forschungsarbeit
beschäftigt sich mit der Erweiterung dieser
Methoden. Durch eine Mehrkanalmessung wird die Impedanz
örtlich aufgelöst bestimmt. Das neue Messsystem
ist in der Lage, den zeitlichen Verlauf von Strom und
Spannung mit einer hohen Abtastrate gleichzeitig an bis zu 100 Kanälen
zu erfassen. Mit zusätzlicher digitaler
Signalverarbeitung ist es ein vielseitiges Messinstrument für
EIS, THDA und die Stromverteilung im Querschnitt der
Brennstoffzelle.
Design of a measurement system for investigating the magnetic characteristics of soft magnetic materials for non-sinusoidal periodic excitations
Authors: Bramerdorfer Gerd , Andessner Dietmar , Amrhein Wolfgang , Bauer Bernhard 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This article is about the design of a measurement system for measuring the iron losses in soft magnetic materials exerted by periodic flux density characteristics. The losses are due to hysteresis and eddy currents effects. The aim is to predict the iron losses which occur in electric machines. Common loss modeling techniques are derived by considering sinusoidal flux density characteristics. As nowadays highly-utilized machine designs with special winding topologies are employed, the periodic flux density characteristics in a big part of the ferromagnetic components are far off from being sinusoidal. Hence, the here presented measurement system and the associated control are especially developed for analyzing any periodic flux density characteristics. A further part of this article is dedicated to the comparison of state-of-the-art iron loss modeling techniques and measurement results. Several scenarios with different flux density harmonic magnitudes and frequencies are considered. It turns out that currently available loss modeling techniques show significant modeling errors for non-sinusoidal periodic flux density excitations. Thus, future work has to be on deriving more accurate models by considering their applicability for computer-aided engineering software.
Flüssigkeitsanalyse mittels MIR-Laser-Photometer zum Spurennachweis von Isocyanat in Lösungsmitteln
Authors: Nägele Markus , Theuer Michael , Hennig Steffen , Kasten Wolfgang 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung
Im mittleren infraroten Spektralbereich (Wellenlänge von 3–12 Mikrometer)
zeigen Flüssigkeiten spektrale Signaturen. Oft sind diese Absorptionsbanden jedoch
breitbandig ausgeprägt und sehr stark im Vergleich zu etwa Strukturen in gasförmigen
Species. Daher verwendet man bei klassischen Transmissionsmessverfahren mit üblichen
FTIR-Spektrometern nur sehr kurze Absorptionswege (optische Pfadlänge OPL von einigen zehn
Mikrometern), damit vom Detektor noch ein vom Rauschen differenzierbares Signal detektiert
werden kann. Je nach Signatur lässt sich gegebenenfalls durch eine Reduktion auf eine
Signal- und Referenzbande ein photometrischer Nachweis führen.
Neuartige spektral schmalbandige Infrarotlaserquellen (Quantenkaskadenlaser) haben im
Vergleich zu den klassischen thermischen Lichtquellen in FTIR-Geräten oder Photometern eine
wesentlich höhere spektrale Leistungsdichte, so dass über größere Absorptionsschichtdicken
eine vergleichsweise höhere Sensitivität erreicht werden kann. Die Auswertung erfolgt dabei
quasi photometrisch: Ein Laser emittiert spektral innerhalb einer Absorptionsstruktur des
Analyten und ein weiterer Laser außerhalb der Analytenabsorption. Die spektrale
Schmalbandigkeit der Laser hilft dabei zur Vermeidung von Querempfindlichkeiten und ersetzt
die farbselektiven Elemente eines Photometers.
Am Beispiel des Spurennachweises von Isocyanat (Hexamethylen Diisocyanat) in verschiedenen
Lösungsmitteln wird die hohe erreichbare Nachweisempfindlichkeit gezeigt, die das Potential
für eine prozesstaugliche Applikation birgt.
Effect of Axisymmetric Aft Wall Angle Cavity in Supersonic Flow Field
Authors: Jeyakumar S. , Assis Shan M. , Jayaraman K. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Cavity plays a significant role in scramjet combustors to enhance mixing and flame holding of supersonic streams. In this study, the characteristics of axisymmetric cavity with varying aft wall angles in a non-reacting supersonic flow field are experimentally investigated. The experiments are conducted in a blow-down type supersonic flow facility. The facility consists of a supersonic nozzle followed by a circular cross sectional duct. The axisymmetric cavity is incorporated inside the duct. Cavity aft wall is inclined with two consecutive angles. The performance of the aft wall cavities are compared with rectangular cavity. Decreasing aft wall angle reduces the cavity drag due to the stable flow field which is vital for flame holding in supersonic combustor. Uniform mixing and gradual decrease in stagnation pressure loss can be achieved by decreasing the cavity aft wall angle.
Theoretical Study of the Vibration Suppression on a Mistuned Bladed Disk Using a Bi-periodic Piezoelectric Network
Authors: Li Lin , Deng Pengcheng , Liu Jiuzhou , Li Chao 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The paper deals with the vibration suppression of a bladed disk with a piezoelectric network. The piezoelectric network has a different period (so called bi-period) from that of the bladed disk and there is no inductor in it. The system is simulated by an electromechanical lumped parameter model with two DOFs per sector. The research focuses on suppressing the amplitude magnification or reducing the vibration localization of the mistuned bladed disk. The dynamic equations of the system are derived. Both mechanical mistuning and electrical mistuning have been taken into account. The Modified Modal Assurance Criterion (MMAC) is used to evaluate the vibration suppression ability of the bi-periodic piezoelectric network. The Monte Carlo simulation is used to calculate the MMAC of the system with the random mistuning. As a reference, the forced responses of the bladed disk with and without the piezoelectric network are given. The results show that the piezoelectric network would effectively suppress amplitude magnification induced by mistuning. The vibration amplitude is even smaller than that of the tuned system. The robustness analysis shows that the bi-periodic piezoelectric network can provide a reliable assurance for avoiding the forced response amplification of the mistuned bladed disk. The amplified response induced by the mechanical mistuning with standard deviation 0.2 can be effectively suppressed through the bi-periodic piezoelectric network.
Tools for Predicting the Functional Impact of Nonsynonymous Genetic Variation
Authors: Tang Haiming , Thomas Paul D 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
As personal genome sequencing becomes a reality, understanding the effects of genetic variants on phenotype—particularly the impact of germline variants on disease risk and the impact of somatic variants on cancer development and treatment—continues to increase in importance. Because of their clear potential for affecting phenotype, nonsynonymous genetic variants (variants that cause a change in the amino acid sequence of a protein encoded by a gene) have long been the target of efforts to predict the effects of genetic variation. Whole-genome sequencing is identifying large numbers of nonsynonymous variants in each genome, intensifying the need for computational methods that accurately predict which of these are likely to impact disease phenotypes. This review focuses on nonsynonymous variant prediction with two aims in mind: (1) to review the prioritization methods that have been developed to date and the principles on which they are based and (2) to discuss the challenges to further improving these methods.
Eine Frage des Zusammenhangs: Marktbeherrschungsmissbrauch durch rechtswidrige Konditionen
Authors: Franck Jens-Uwe 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung
Facebook testet die Grenzen der Sanktionierung deutschen und europäischen Verbraucher- und Datenschutzrechts aus. Vor diesem Hintergrund strebt das Bundeskartellamt danach, etwaige Sanktionslücken über den Tatbestand des Konditionenmissbrauchs zu schließen. Ausgehend vom begrenzten Marktregelungsauftrag an das Kartellrecht begründet der Beitrag das Erfordernis eines Zusammenhangs zwischen der Marktbeherrschung und dem missbrauchsverdächtigen Verhalten und konturiert dieses Kriterium für Fälle, in denen ein Marktbeherrscher rechtswidrige Konditionen am Markt durchsetzen kann. Aufgezeigt werden damit die Grenzen, die einer Instrumentalisierung der Missbrauchsaufsicht zum Ausgleich von Sanktionsdefiziten in anderen Rechtsgebieten gesetzt sind.
EuGH: Kartellkontrolle von Tarifverträgen
Authors: Rieble Volker 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung
Der EuGH hat in der Entscheidung „FNV Kunsten Informatie en Media“ v. 4. 12. 2014 – Rs C-413/13, EuZW 2015, 313 die Reichweite des tarifvertraglichen Kartellprivilegs konkretisiert. Die Entscheidung besteht aus zwei Teilen. Unmittelbar beschäftigt sich der EuGH mit der Reichweite des Kartellprivilegs gegenüber an sich selbständigen Aushilfsmusikern, die aber gleichwohl Arbeitnehmer im Sinne des unionsrechtlichen Arbeitnehmerbegriffs sein können – und deren Vergütungen dann durch Tarifvertrag „kartelliert“ werden können. Spannender ist, was der EuGH nicht sagt: Wortlos weist er einen kühnen Vorstoß des Generalanwaltes Wahl zurück, wonach auch die Unterbindung von Sozialdumping durch konkurrierende Unternehmen kartellkontrollfrei sei. Drittens ist nach den kartellrechtlichen Konsequenzen in Deutschland zu fragen: Es gibt deutsche Tarifverträge, die die Grenzen des Tarifrechts überschreiten und die Reichweite des Kartellprivilegs verlassen. Dass Arbeitsgerichte Tarifparteien vieles durchgehen lassen, lässt sich mit intensivem Einfluss der Verbände über ihre ehrenamtlichen Richter auf die Gerichtsbarkeit erklären. Der Wettbewerbsschutz ist dort nicht präsent. Dass aber das Kartellamt wegschaut, ist kaum zu erklären. Dass Unternehmen, die von tarifinduzierten Wettbewerbsbeschränkungen nachteilig betroffen sind, keinen Kartellgerichtsschutz beanspruchen, hat mit der ungeklärten Rechtswegezuständigkeit zu tun – oder mit anwaltlicher Unkenntnis.
Local Minocycline Effect on Inflammation and Clinical Attachment During Periodontal Maintenance: Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Killeen Amy C. , Harn Jennifer A. , Erickson Leah M. , Yu Fang , Reinhardt Richard A. 
Published: June 2016

Background: Minocycline microspheres (MMs) are being used to treat residual inflamed periodontal pockets during periodontal maintenance therapy (PMT), but evidence for efficacy from randomized clinical trials is lacking. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of MMs plus scaling and root planing (SRP) on these sites.Methods: Sixty patients with chronic periodontitis on 6‐month PMT intervals to be followed for 1 year were randomized (51 completed the study) into two statistically similar groups, SRP + MM (aged 66.8 years) and SRP alone (aged 67 years), to treat a ≥5 mm posterior interproximal pocket during PMT with a history of bleeding on probing (BOP). Group treatments were applied to the site at baseline and 6 months. Clinical attachment levels (CALs; primary outcome), probing depths (PDs), plaque, and BOP also were recorded at baseline and 6 and 12 months. In addition, gingival crevicular fluid was analyzed for an inflammation index ratio of interleukin (IL)‐1β/IL‐1 receptor antagonist (ra) using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.Results: All clinical parameters improved significantly (P <0.005) from baseline in both groups with no differences between groups at any time point. CAL decreased 17% (0.9 ± 0.8 mm) and 13% (0.7 ± 0.9 mm) in SRP + MM and 11% (0.7 ± 1.1 mm) and 21% (1.2 ± 0.9 mm) in SRP at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The odds of having BOP decreased 90% (down to 38% of patients) and 95% (26%) in SRP + MM and 82% (42%) and 82% (41%) in SRP at 6 and 12 months, respectively. IL‐1β/IL‐1ra decreased a significant 61% (P = 0.009) only in SRP + MM at 6 months.Conclusions: SRP of inflamed moderate pockets during 6‐month PMT, with or without MMs, improves CALs, along with PDs and BOP over a 1‐year period. The use of MMs did not result in an additional benefit over SRP alone.
Exploraciones de la amnesia colectiva en torno a la violencia de Estado en 2666
Authors: Blejer Daniella 
Published: June 2016

Roberto Bolaño utiliza el desarrollo literario de la novela policial para conformar los principios de su poética. En la reelaboración del género se aproxima a sus normas, pero también las desacata porque si bien está interesado en la capacidad del género de mostrar el reflejo de la sociedad, su pregunta fundamental es literaria. El presente texto discute el doble movimiento en 2666 como mecanismo para problematizar la diseminación de la violencia sistémica pero también para replantear los debates del siglo XX en torno al arte.
An Investigation of Determinants Global Entrepreneurship: Multi-Country Panel Studies
Authors: Akbar Riznaldi 
Published: June 2016

<p>This study examines the validity of governmental supports and policies; and financing for entrepreneurs in the context of global entrepreneurial activities. Our studies are based on the rich datasets of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) database covering 108 countries from 2001 to 2014. In this study, we examine whether countries with more favorable policies and supports towards entrepreneurship and availability of financing for entrepreneurs would result in the higher country’s entrepreneurial activities.</p><p>We use total early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA), a percentage of 18 - 64 year old population who are either a nascent entrepreneur or an owner manager of a new business, as our dependent variable to represent country’s entrepreneurial activities. There are two main explanatory variables used in the study: governmental supports and financing for entrepreneurs. The governmental supports represents the extent to which public policies support entrepreneurship as a relevant economic issue, while financing for entrepreneurs indicates the availability of financial resources for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) including grants and subsidies. We also include three control variables of basic school entrepreneurial education and training; physical and services infrastructure; and cultural and social norms to test the significance of these factors to the country’s entrepreneurial activities.</p><p>This study adopts panel regression model augmented with control variables. We favor Random Effect model as opposed to Fixed Effect or Pooled OLS model as Hausman and Breusch–Pagan test suggest. Our results suggest that there is no evident that government supports have significant contribution to country’s entrepreneurial activities. In other words, entrepreneurial activities are more flourished in a country that has not set entrepreneurship as relevant economic issues as it might be the case for many emerging countries. The availability of formal financial resources is significant to the country’s entrepreneurships, but with a negative sign. It could be interpreted that in some countries many new start-ups and entrepreneurs seem to have a greater reliance to informal financing of 4Fs (Founders, Family, Friends and Foolhardy investors) instead of formal channels i.e. government grant and subsidies, venture capital or strategic partners. A country with cultural and social norms that encourage citizens to new business activities also has greater number of entrepreneurships. However, we found no evident that entrepreneurial education and training at basic school; and ease access to infrastructure are significantly affecting entrepreneurial activities in a country.</p>