bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Feature Integration in the Angular Gyrus during Episodic and Semantic Retrieval
Authors: Bonnici Heidi M. , Richter Franziska R. , Yazar Yasemin , Simons Jon S. 
Published: May 2016

Much evidence from distinct lines of investigation indicates the involvement of angular gyrus (AnG) in the retrieval of both episodic and semantic information, but the region's precise function and whether that function differs across episodic and semantic retrieval have yet to be determined. We used univariate and multivariate fMRI analysis methods to examine the role of AnG in multimodal feature integration during episodic and semantic retrieval. Human participants completed episodic and semantic memory tasks involving unimodal (auditory or visual) and multimodal (audio-visual) stimuli. Univariate analyses revealed the recruitment of functionally distinct AnG subregions during the retrieval of episodic and semantic information. Consistent with a role in multimodal feature integration during episodic retrieval, significantly greater AnG activity was observed during retrieval of integrated multimodal episodic memories compared with unimodal episodic memories. Multivariate classification analyses revealed that individual multimodal episodic memories could be differentiated in AnG, with classification accuracy tracking the vividness of participants' reported recollections, whereas distinct unimodal memories were represented in sensory association areas only. In contrast to episodic retrieval, AnG was engaged to a statistically equivalent degree during retrieval of unimodal and multimodal semantic memories, suggesting a distinct role for AnG during semantic retrieval. Modality-specific sensory association areas exhibited corresponding activity during both episodic and semantic retrieval, which mirrored the functional specialization of these regions during perception. The results offer new insights into the integrative processes subserved by AnG and its contribution to our subjective experience of remembering.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUsing univariate and multivariate fMRI analyses, we provide evidence that functionally distinct subregions of angular gyrus (AnG) contribute to the retrieval of episodic and semantic memories. Our multivariate pattern classifier could distinguish episodic memory representations in AnG according to whether they were multimodal (audio-visual) or unimodal (auditory or visual) in nature, whereas statistically equivalent AnG activity was observed during retrieval of unimodal and multimodal semantic memories. Classification accuracy during episodic retrieval scaled with the trial-by-trial vividness with which participants experienced their recollections. Therefore, the findings offer new insights into the integrative processes subserved by AnG and how its function may contribute to our subjective experience of remembering.
Human chorionic gonadotropin stimulation gives evidence of differences in testicular steroidogenesis in Klinefelter syndrome, as assessed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Belli S , Santi D , Leoni E , Dall’Olio E , Fanelli F , Mezzullo M , Pelusi C , Roli L , Tagliavini S , Trenti T , Granata A R , Pagotto U , Pasquali R , Rochira V , Carani C , Simoni M 
Published: May 2016

Background
Men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) show hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, but the pathogenesis of hypotestosteronemia remains unclear. Testicular steroidogenesis in KS men was evaluated over three decades ago after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulation, but inconclusive results were obtained. Intriguingly, some recent studies show increased intratesticular testosterone concentrations in men with KS.

Objective
To analyze serum steroid profile, as a proxy of testicular steroidogenesis, after hCG stimulation in KS compared with control men.

Design
A prospective, longitudinal, case–control, clinical trial.

Methods
Thirteen KS patients (36±9 years) not receiving testosterone (TS) replacement therapy and 12 eugonadic controls (32±8 years) were enrolled. Serum steroids were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) at baseline and for five consecutive days after intramuscular injection of 5000IU hCG.

Results
Progesterone (P), 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP), TS, and estradiol (E2) showed a significant increase (P<0.001) after hCG stimulation in both groups. On the contrary, androstenedione (AS) and dehydroepiandrosterone did not increase after hCG stimulation. The 17OHP/P ratio increased in both groups (P<0.001), the TS/AS ratio (17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17βHSD3) activity) did not increase after hCG in any group, and the E2/TS ratio (aromatase activity) increased significantly in both groups (P=0.009 in KS and P<0.001 in controls). Luteinizing hormone decreased after hCG in both groups (P=0.014 in KS and P<0.001 in controls), whereas follicle-stimulating hormone decreased only in control men (P<0.001).

Conclusion
This study demonstrates for the first time using LC–MS/MS that Leydig cells of KS men are able to respond to hCG stimulation and that the first steps of steroidogenesis are fully functional. However, the TS production in KS men is impaired, possibly related to reduced hydroxysteroid deydrogenase activity due to an unfavorable intratesticular metabolic state.
Regulation of hamster sperm hyperactivation by extracellular Na+
Authors: Takei Gen L , Fujinoki Masakatsu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMammalian sperm motility has to be hyperactivated to be fertilization-competent. Hyperactivation is regulated by extracellular environment. Osmolality of mammalian semen is higher than that in female reproductive tract; however, the effect of them on hyperactivation has not been investigated. So we investigated the effect of osmotic environment on hyperactivation using hamster spermatozoa at first. Increase in the osmolality of the media (∼370 mOsm) by increasing the concentration of NaCl (∼150 mmol/L) caused the delay of the expression of hyperactivation. When NaCl concentration varied in the same range (75–150 mmol/L) whereas the osmolality was fixed at 370 mOsm by adding mannitol, the delay of hyperactivation occurred dependent on NaCl concentration. Increase in NaCl concentration also caused suppression of curvilinear velocity, bend angle, and sliding velocity of the flagellum at the onset of incubation, suggesting that NaCl concentration affect both activation and hyperactivation in hamster spermatozoa. Hamster sperm intracellular Ca2+concentration decreased as extracellular NaCl concentration increased, whereas membrane potential and intracellular pH were unaffected by extracellular NaCl concentration. SN-6 and SEA0400, inhibitors of Na+-Ca2+exchanger (NCX), increased intracellular Ca2+and accelerated hyperactivation in the presence of 150 mmol/L NaCl. Tyrosine phosphorylation on fibrous sheath proteins was unaffected by extracellular NaCl concentration. These results suggest that extracellular Na+suppresses hamster sperm hyperactivation by reducing intracellular Ca2+via an action of NCX in a tyrosine phosphorylation-independent manner. It seems that the removal of suppression by extracellular Na+leads to the expression of hyperactivated motility.
Learning Problems in Children of Refugee Background: A Systematic Review
Authors: Graham Hamish R. , Minhas Ripudaman S. , Paxton Georgia 
Published: May 2016

CONTEXT:Learning problems are common, affecting up to 1 in 10 children. Refugee children may have cumulative risk for educational disadvantage, but there is limited information on learning in this population.OBJECTIVE:To review the evidence on educational outcomes and learning problems in refugee children and to describe their major risk and resource factors.DATA SOURCES:Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, and Education Resources Information Center.STUDY SELECTION:English-language articles addressing the prevalence and determinants of learning problems in refugee children.DATA EXTRACTION:Data were extracted and analyzed according to Arksey and O’Malley’s descriptive analytical method for scoping studies.RESULTS:Thirty-four studies were included. Refugee youth had similar secondary school outcomes to their native-born peers; there were no data on preschool or primary school outcomes. There were limited prevalence data on learning problems, with single studies informing most estimates and no studies examining specific language disorders or autism spectrum disorders. Major risk factors for learning problems included parental misunderstandings about educational styles and expectations, teacher stereotyping and low expectations, bullying and racial discrimination, premigration and postmigration trauma, and forced detention. Major resource factors for success included high academic and life ambition, “gift-and-sacrifice” motivational narratives, parental involvement in education, family cohesion and supportive home environment, accurate educational assessment and grade placement, teacher understanding of linguistic and cultural heritage, culturally appropriate school transition, supportive peer relationships, and successful acculturation.LIMITATIONS:Studies are not generalizable to other cohorts.CONCLUSIONS:This review provides a summary of published prevalence estimates for learning problems in resettled refugee children, highlights key risk and resource factors, and identifies gaps in research.
Unterdrückung von Sexualverhalten und Fortpflanzung beim männlichen kleinen Wiederkäuer
Authors: Mihsler Lisa , Wagner Henrik , Wehrend Axel 
Published: May 2016

ZusammenfassungDer Umgang und die Haltung männlicher kleiner Wiederkäuer sind ab Eintritt der Geschlechtsreife oft mit erheblichen Schwierigkeiten verbunden. Die Kastration stellt derzeit die sicherste Methode zur Lösung dieses Problems dar. Eine Alternative wären medikamentöse Verfahren zur temporären Ausschaltung der Gonadenfunktion. Nach einem kurzen Überblick zur chirurgischen Kastration wird anhand einer Übersicht der Literatur das derzeitige Wissen zur Anwendung von Vakzinen gegen Gonadotropin-Releasing-Hormon (GnRH) sowie zur Verabreichung von GnRH-Agonisten beim Schafund Ziegenbock dargestellt. Beim Schafbock wurde die GnRH-Vakzination unabhängig vom Alter zum Zeitpunkt des Behandlungsbeginns erfolgreich zur temporären Unterdrückung der Fortpflanzung eingesetzt. Für den Ziegenbock liegen weniger Untersuchungen vor. Eine vollständige Unterdrückung der Spermatogenese gelingt nicht in allen Fällen. Die Verabreichung von GnRH-Agonisten stellt derzeit keine als sicher zu bezeichnende Methode zur Unterdrückung der Gonadenfunktion dar.
VÍNCULO AFETIVO MATERNO: PROCESSO FUNDAMENTAL À SAÚDE MENTAL
Authors: Sá Oliveira do Espirito Santo Celeste , Nascimento Araújo Maria Antonieta 
Published: May 2016

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa bibliográfica cujo objetivo foi explorar o direcionamento de pesquisas contemporâneas na temática binária vínculo afetivo materno e saúde mental investigando se, nas suas respectivas formulações teóricas, há uma aproximação com os referenciais da psicanálise. Os dados foram coletados na base do Scientific Electronic Library Online - SciELO, tendo sido utilizadas as palavras-chaves vínculo mãe-bebê, apego, risco e saúde mental. Foram selecionadas as publicações de 2014, em língua portuguesa. A análise dos dados levantados levou à identificação de um direcionamento dos estudos para cinco categorias: fatores de risco e de proteção– tema prevalente, evidenciando preocupação com a integridade física e psíquica da criança e, em especial, do bebê - instrumentos de avaliação destes riscos, bem como às questões que envolvem a subjetividade parental além de um avanço em tema pouco abordado, em geral, nas pesquisas científicas: a importância da participação paterna no desenvolvimento infantil. É comum, entre os estudos analisados, a consideração da primeira fase do desenvolvimento humano como um momento de construção simbólica, a partir de uma vivência de proximidade física e emocional da criança com a mãe, ou pessoa substituta, que exerça a função materna nos primeiros anos de vida do bebê. É prevalente a utilização da psicanálise e de estudos psicanalíticos, sobretudo de Bowlby e Winnicott, como recursos teóricos para o entendimento dos objetos de estudos identificados. A partir das conclusões deste estudo, considera-se de relevância que as políticas de saúde, principalmente as relacionadas à atenção humanizada, deem especial atenção aos cuidados nos períodos da gestação bem como no período peri-natal e pós-natal. Além disso, incentiva-se a que novos estudos possam abordar díades de diferentes arranjos familiares da contemporaneidade - paternidade compartilhada, adoções de bebês por casais homoafetivos, dentre outros.
Evaluación de materiales filtrantes para el reúso en agricultura de aguas residuales tratadas provenientes de zonas áridas
Authors: Vera Puerto Ismael Leonardo , Rojas Arredondo Mauricio , Chávez Yavara Wlamidir , Arriaza Torres Bernardo Tomás 
Published: May 2016

<p>Este trabajo tuvo por objetivo evaluar la arena (A), el carbón activado (CA) y la zeolita (Z) como materiales filtrantes para valorar su efecto en reutilización para agricultura de aguas residuales tratadas de un ambiente árido. Para esto se construyeron 7 columnas de filtración: a) columna 1, 100 % de Z, b) columna 2, 100 % de CA (origen A), c) columna 3, 100 % de CA (origen B), d) columna 4, 100 % de A, e) columna 5, 50 % de Z sobre 50 % de CA, f) columna 6, 50 % de A sobre 50 % de CA, y g) columna 7, 50 % de Z sobre 50 % de A. En el afluente y efluente se evaluó boro (B), cloruro (Cl<sup>-</sup>), sulfato (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>-2</sup>), calcio (Ca<sup>+2</sup>), conductividad eléctrica (CE), pH y temperatura (T), junto a un grupo de metales pesados (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb y Zn). Los resultados mostraron cómo el CA (de origen A o B) es capaz de remover boro a valores por debajo de 0,75 mg/L. Sin embargo, en una etapa inicial (primera quincena) los efluentes a este medio filtrante, presentaron un valor de CE mayor a 2,5 dS/m, y de pH mayor a 8,4, lo que seguramente traerá problemas para su aplicación en riego de cultivos. Por su parte, la arena, al ser de la región, presenta problemas de lixiviación de elementos, como el arsénico y el sodio, por lo que no debería utilizarse como material filtrante. Por el contrario, el único medio evaluado que tiene potencial de ser aplicado en la reducción de la salinidad es la zeolita. Este material filtrante, sin mezcla con otro, fue capaz de reducir hasta un 20 % el valor de la CE sin tener un efecto negativo en ninguno de los otros parámetros evaluados en este estudio, y además, sin mostrar un estado de saturación durante el tiempo de operación evaluado. En el caso de las columnas que utilizaron mezclas de materiales, no existe un efecto sinérgico para la eliminación de los parámetros de calidad del agua evaluados.</p>
Aplikasi Kriptografi dan Steganografi Menggunakan Metode Least Significant Bit (LSB) dan One Time Pad (OTP)
Authors: Mahmudi Ali , Mantja Sandy Nataly , Rozikin Achmad 
Published: May 2016

<p style="text-align: justify;"> With the development of technology, especially in the IT field, the more developed also the current exchange of information using internet technology. Security of information transmitted via the Internet network is a must to maintain the confidentiality and originality of the information. Technology to maintain the security of the information used in this paper is a cryptography and steganography. Application cryptography to secure information on the text, then the information is hidden in digital images. So that only users who have a lock / unlock passwords only, can read the message in greeting such information.</p>
Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy and Serum Magnesium Monitoring and Maintenance
Authors: Bell Susan Givens 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTMagnesium plays important roles in many physiologic functions including protein synthesis, bone development, and cell membrane function. There is some evidence to suggest a role for magnesium sulfate as a therapeutic neuroprotective agent along with therapeutic hypothermia in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, but studies are inconclusive. Ischemic insult and hypothermia may both play a role in altered magnesium levels in this population.
Percent Body Fat Is More Predictive of Function After Total Joint Arthroplasty Than Body Mass Index
Authors: Ledford Cameron K. , Millikan Patrick D. , Nickel Brian T. , Green Cindy L. , Attarian David E. , Wellman Samuel S. , Bolognesi Michael P. , Queen Robin M. 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Obesity has an important impact on the future of total joint arthroplasty; however, the definition and influence of obesity on surgical risks and outcomes remain controversial. Our hypothesis was that percent body fat was better than body mass index (BMI) at identifying clinical risks and patient-reported functional outcomes following arthroplasty.

Methods:
Clinical and functional outcomes were collected prospectively in 215 patients undergoing primary total knee arthroplasty (115 patients) or total hip arthroplasty (100 patients) at a mean time of twenty-four months (range, twelve to forty months). Clinical data included patient demographic characteristics, preoperative evaluation including measurements of BMI and percent body fat, intraoperative records, hospital course or events, and postoperative outpatient follow-up. Patient-reported outcomes were obtained through a series of questionnaires: a surgical satisfaction survey; the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scale; the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) for total knee arthroplasty; and the Hip Disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) for total hip arthroplasty. Multivariable regression models were used to identify significant body mass predictors of outcomes (p < 0.05).

Results:
Higher percent body fat predicted occurrence of any medical or surgical complication (odds ratio per one standard deviation increase, 1.58 [95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.40]; p = 0.033). Percent body fat was also a predictor of the UCLA activity score (risk ratio, 0.92 [95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 0.98]; p = 0.013) and pain scores (risk ratio, 1.18 [95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 1.36]; p = 0.017), and it trended toward significance for the surgical satisfaction score (odds ratio, 1.96 [95% confidence interval, 0.93 to 4.15]; p = 0.078), whereas BMI was not predictive of these functional outcomes. Additionally, with regard to surgical procedure-specific outcome scores, percent body fat was predictive of outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (KOOS pain, p = 0.015, and KOOS activities of daily living, p = 0.002), but not for those after total hip arthroplasty.

Conclusions:
Percent body fat should be considered when predicting clinical and functional outcomes at two years following total joint arthroplasty. Percent body fat may help surgeons to improve risk stratifications, to project patient-reported functional outcomes, and to better educate obese patients with regard to postoperative expectations prior to undergoing elective total joint arthroplasty.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Racial and Socioeconomic Disparities in Hip Fracture Care
Authors: Dy Christopher J. , Lane Joseph M. , Pan Ting Jung , Parks Michael L. , Lyman Stephen 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Despite declines in both the incidence of and mortality following hip fracture, there are racial and socioeconomic disparities in treatment access and outcomes. We evaluated the presence and implications of disparities in delivery of care, hypothesizing that race and community socioeconomic characteristics would influence quality of care for patients with a hip fracture.

Methods:
We collected data from the New York State Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System (SPARCS), which prospectively captures information on all discharges from nonfederal acute-care hospitals in New York State. Records for 197,290 New York State residents who underwent surgery for a hip fracture between 1998 and 2010 in New York State were identified from SPARCS using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes. Multivariable regression models were used to evaluate the association of patient characteristics, social deprivation, and hospital/surgeon volume with time from admission to surgery, in-hospital complications, readmission, and 1-year mortality.

Results:
After adjusting for patient and surgery characteristics, hospital/surgeon volume, social deprivation, and other variables, black patients were at greater risk for delayed surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42, 1.57), a reoperation (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.21; CI = 1.11, 1.32), readmission (OR = 1.17; CI = 1.11, 1.22), and 1-year mortality (HR = 1.13; CI = 1.07, 1.21) than white patients. Subgroup analyses showed a greater risk for delayed surgery for black and Asian patients compared with white patients, regardless of social deprivation. Additionally, there was a greater risk for readmission for black patients compared with white patients, regardless of social deprivation. Compared with Medicare patients, Medicaid patients were at increased risk for delayed surgery (OR = 1.17; CI = 1.10, 1.24) whereas privately insured patients were at decreased risk for delayed surgery (OR = 0.77; CI = 0.74, 0.81), readmission (OR = 0.77; CI = 0.74, 0.81), complications (OR = 0.80; CI = 0.77, 0.84), and 1-year mortality (HR = 0.80; CI = 0.75, 0.85).

Conclusions:
There are race and insurance-based disparities in delivery of care for patients with hip fracture, some of which persist after adjusting for social deprivation. In addition to investigation into reasons contributing to disparities, targeted interventions should be developed to mitigate effects of disparities on patients at greatest risk.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Atraumatic Hip Instability
Authors: Canham Colin D. , Domb Benjamin G. , Giordano Brian D. 
Published: May 2016

➢ Atraumatic hip instability is an increasingly recognized source of pain and hip dysfunction. It can result from numerous causes, including femoroacetabular impingement, prior trauma, injury to the capsuloligamentous structures, and idiopathic etiologies.➢ Occult hip instability can be a challenging diagnosis that requires careful attention to, and interpretation of, history, physical examination, and radiographic imaging findings.➢ Iatrogenic hip instability is a potential complication of both open and arthroscopic hip-preserving surgical procedures that can have catastrophic results.➢ Atraumatic hip instability is a pathologic entity that can be successfully addressed with open and arthroscopic procedures.
Tendinopathy and Tendon Rupture Associated with Statins
Authors: Deren Matthew E. , Klinge Stephen A. , Mukand Nita H. , Mukand Jon A. 
Published: May 2016

➢ Use of statins may be associated with certain tendinopathies and tendon ruptures, especially of the Achilles, quadriceps, and distal biceps tendons.➢ Tendinopathy usually occurs within the first year of statin use and improves after the drug therapy is stopped.➢ Systemic conditions with a higher risk of tendon rupture include diabetes, gout, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic kidney disease.➢ Certain drugs, such as corticosteroids and fluoroquinolones, have also been implicated in tendon ruptures.➢ Patients with these systemic conditions who are taking statins in combination with other drugs that increase the risk of tendon injury should be educated about this risk and alternative treatments, including diet and exercise.