bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic linkages among developed, emerging and frontier capital markets of Asia-Pacific region
Authors: Thomas Nisha Mary , Kashiramka Smita , Yadav Surendra S. 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the long-run equilibrium relationship between developed, emerging and frontier markets of the Asia-Pacific region during January 2000 to June 2016.Design/methodology/approachZivot and Andrews’ unit root test is used to examine the existence of unit root in index series in the presence of a structural break. Gregory and Hansen’s test of cointegration is employed to examine the stable long-run relationship between the indices under study.FindingsThe results suggest that the emerging markets of China and Thailand and the frontier markets of Sri Lanka and Pakistan are fairly segmented from most of the markets in the Asia-Pacific region. Hence, these markets provide good diversification opportunities to global investors. Bidirectional cointegration analysis indicates that emerging and frontier markets influence developed markets. Hence, it can be inferred that the de facto position that only bigger markets influence small markets no longer holds true in the current environment.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study will provide valuable inputs to global investors for creating an optimal investment portfolio.Originality/valueThis study does a comprehensive examination of market integration in the Asia-Pacific region. It also contributes to the thin body of work done on frontier markets. Unlike past studies, this paper analyzes the bidirectional cointegration relationship to examine if the notion that only bigger markets influence smaller markets holds true or not. Finally, this study employs advanced techniques of unit root test and cointegration test that consider structural breaks in the models.
Italian craft beer revolution: do spatial factors matter?
Authors: Esposti Roberto , Fastigi Matteo , Viganò Elena 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the emergence of microbreweries in Italy over the last 20 years (period 1993-2014) and assess its main determinants.Design/methodology/approachThe recent intense growth is expressed by the increasing number of entries in the sector actually accompanied, in most recent years, by an increasing number of exits. The paper proposes a quantitative assessment of this entry-exit dynamics through a sequence of econometric models known as survival models.FindingsTogether with two other orders of possible determinants (idiosyncratic characteristics and the exogenous evolution of the beer market), the paper assesses the role played by specific geographical and local factors within these dynamics. Estimation results show that, whereas market force and individual features unquestionably affect entry and exit choices, geographical and local factors are of limited relevance, especially for the recent entry dynamics.Originality/valueAlthough the literature on the so-called craft beer revolution is already vast and increasing, the novel contribution of the paper concerns the specificity (if any) of the Italian case and the role of spatial factors in this respect. This investigation is performed adopting an advanced quantitative approach and this attempt is also quite original within this literature.
Linear geophysical inversion via the discrete cosine pseudo‐inverse: application to potential fields
Authors: Fernández‐Martínez J.L. , Fernández‐Muñiz Z. , Pallero J.L.G. , Bonvalot S. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present a methodology to perform geophysical inversion of large‐scale linear systems via a covariance‐free orthogonal transformation: the discrete cosine transform. The methodology consists of compressing the matrix of the linear system as a digital image and using the interesting properties of orthogonal transformations to define an approximation of the Moore–Penrose pseudo‐inverse. This methodology is also highly scalable since the model reduction achieved by these techniques increases with the number of parameters of the linear system involved due to the high correlation needed for these parameters to accomplish very detailed forward predictions and allows for a very fast computation of the inverse problem solution. We show the application of this methodology to a simple synthetic two‐dimensional gravimetric problem for different dimensionalities and different levels of white Gaussian noise and to a synthetic linear system whose system matrix has been generated via geostatistical simulation to produce a random field with a given spatial correlation. The numerical results show that the discrete cosine transform pseudo‐inverse outperforms the classical least‐squares techniques, mainly in the presence of noise, since the solutions that are obtained are more stable and fit the observed data with the lowest root‐mean‐square error. Besides, we show that model reduction is a very effective way of parameter regularisation when the conditioning of the reduced discrete cosine transform matrix is taken into account. We finally show its application to the inversion of a real gravity profile in the Atacama Desert (north Chile) obtaining very successful results in this non‐linear inverse problem. The methodology presented here has a general character and can be applied to solve any linear and non‐linear inverse problems (through linearisation) arising in technology and, particularly, in geophysics, independently of the geophysical model discretisation and dimensionality. Nevertheless, the results shown in this paper are better in the case of ill‐conditioned inverse problems for which the matrix compression is more efficient. In that sense, a natural extension of this methodology would be its application to the set of normal equations.
Partial diel migration: A facultative migration underpinned by long‐term inter‐individual variation
Authors: Harrison Philip M. , Gutowsky Lee F. G. , Martins Eduardo G. , Patterson David A. , Cooke Steven J. , Power Michael 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

The variations in migration that comprise partial diel migrations, putatively occur entirely as a consequence of behavioural flexibility. However, seasonal partial migrations are increasingly recognised to be mediated by a combination of reversible plasticity in response to environmental variation and individual variation due to genetic and environmental effects.

Here, we test the hypothesis that while partial diel migration heterogeneity occurs primarily due to short‐term within‐individual flexibility in behaviour, long‐term individual differences in migratory behaviour also underpin this migration variation.

Specifically, we use a hierarchical behavioural reaction norm approach to partition within‐ and among‐individual variation in depth use and diel plasticity in depth use, across short‐ and long‐term time‐scales, in a group of 47 burbot (Lota lota) tagged with depth‐sensing acoustic telemetry transmitters.

We found that within‐individual variation at the among‐dates‐within‐seasons and among‐seasons scale, explained the dominant proportion of phenotypic variation. However, individuals also repeatedly differed in their expression of migration behaviour over the 2 year study duration.

These results reveal that diel migration variation occurs primarily due to short‐term within‐individual flexibility in depth use and diel migration behaviour. However, repeatable individual differences also played a key role in mediating partial diel migration.

These findings represent a significant advancement of our understanding of the mechanisms generating the important, yet poorly understood phenomena of partial diel migration. Moreover, given the pervasive occurrence of diel migrations across aquatic taxa, these findings indicate that individual differences have an important, yet previously unacknowledged role in structuring the temporal and vertical dynamics of aquatic ecosystems.
Specificity traits consistent with legume‐rhizobia coevolution displayed byEnsifer melilotirhizosphere colonization
Authors: Salas María Eugenia , Lozano Mauricio Javier , López José Luis , Draghi Walter Omar , Serrania Javier , Torres Tejerizo Gonzalo Arturo , Albicoro Francisco Javier , Nilsson Juliet Fernanda , Pistorio Mariano , Del Papa María Florencia , Parisi Gustavo , Becker Anke , Lagares Antonio 
Published: June 2017

SummaryRhizobia are α‐ and ß‐proteobacteria that associate with legumes in symbiosis to fix atmospheric nitrogen. The chemical communication between roots and rhizobia begins in the rhizosphere. Using signature‐tagged‐Tn5mutagenesis (STM) we performed a genome‐wide screening forEnsifer melilotigenes that participate in colonizing the rhizospheres of alfalfa and other legumes. The analysis of ca. 6,000 mutants indicated that genes relevant for rhizosphere colonization account for nearly 2% of the rhizobial genome and that most (ca. 80%) are chromosomally located, pointing to the relevance and ancestral origin of the bacterial ability to colonize plant roots. The identified genes were related to metabolic functions, transcription, signal transduction, and motility/chemotaxis among other categories; with several ORFs of yet‐unknown function. Most remarkably, we identified a subset of genes that impacted more severely the colonization of the roots of alfalfa than of pea. Further analyses using other plant species revealed that such early differential phenotype could be extended to other members of the Trifoliae tribe (Trigonella,Trifolium), but not the Fabeae and Phaseoleae tribes. The results suggest that consolidation ofE. melilotiinto its current symbiotic state should have occurred in a rhizobacterium that had already been adapted to rhizospheres of the Trifoliae tribe.
Cascading influence of inorganic nitrogen sources on DOM production, composition, lability and microbial community structure in the open ocean
Authors: Goldberg S. J. , Nelson C. E. , Viviani D. A. , Shulse C. N. , Church M. J. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryNitrogen frequently limits oceanic photosynthesis and the availability of inorganic nitrogen sources in the surface oceans is shifting with global change. We evaluated the potential for abrupt increases in inorganic N sources to induce cascading effects on dissolved organic matter (DOM) and microbial communities in the surface ocean. We collected water from 5 m depth in the central North Pacific and amended duplicate 20 liter polycarbonate carboys with nitrate or ammonium, tracking planktonic carbon fixation, DOM production, DOM composition and microbial community structure responses over 1 week relative to controls. Both nitrogen sources stimulated bulk phytoplankton, bacterial and DOM production and enriched Synechococcus and Flavobacteriaceae; ammonium enriched for oligotrophic Actinobacteria OM1 and Gammaproteobacteria KI89A clades while nitrate enriched Gammaproteobacteria SAR86, SAR92 and OM60 clades. DOM resulting from both N enrichments was more labile and stimulated growth of copiotrophic Gammaproteobacteria (Alteromonadaceae and Oceanospirillaceae) and Alphaproteobacteria (Rhodobacteraceae and Hyphomonadaceae) in weeklong dark incubations relative to controls. Our study illustrates how nitrogen pulses may have direct and cascading effects on DOM composition and microbial community dynamics in the open ocean.
Developmental aspects of reading motivation and reading achievement among second grade low achievers and typical readers
Authors: Vaknin‐Nusbaum Vered , Nevo Einat , Brande Sigi , Gambrell Linda 
Published: June 2017

This investigation examined developmental aspects of 155 second‐graders' intrinsic reading motivation and reading achievement at the beginning and end of a school year. Reading motivation remained at the same level through the school year, while reading achievement was significantly higher at the end of it than at the beginning. According to word reading skills, low reading achievers (n = 63) and typical readers (n = 92) evinced significant differences in reading motivation. The former scored lower in overall reading motivation and self‐concept as a reader, as well as in reading achievement. Throughout the school year, low reading achievers showed a decline in overall motivation, self‐concept as a reader and literacy outloud, and did not improve in reading comprehension achievement. Reading motivation in typical readers remained high and steady during the school year. Implications of the results are discussed in relation to previous studies.
Using the Past to Construct Territorial Identities in Regional Planning: The Case of Mälardalen, Sweden
Authors: Borges Luciane Aguiar 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study examines how the past is used in the construction of regional identity narratives in policy discourses and documents. Despite assumptions that regional identity is based on shared culture, some authors argue that new forms of regional identity have emerged as the consequence of regions’ involvement in wider networks. Identity has been pursued as an asset to regional attractiveness and economic growth and, as such, is shaped by regional development strategies concerning particular social groups. Socially shared representations of the past through history, cultural heritage and collective memory play an important role in this process, since the past is a powerful resource that may be used to construct images of places, legitimizing claims on territories. Document analysis and interviews with planners are used to analyse strategies for regional development in five counties located in the Mälardalen region, Sweden. This study shows that regional strategies are guided by narratives framing regions from an exclusive outside perspective, leaving internal qualities unnoticed. The past is used to structure these narratives and construct identities that serve economic growth rather than the integration of the plural heritages of the region.
Breaking With Neoliberalization by Restricting The Housing Market: Novel Urban Policies and the Case of Hamburg
Authors: Vogelpohl Anne , Buchholz Tino 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHamburg currently exemplifies the departure from a straightforward neoliberal urban track. The city's neoliberal path only moved into full swing in the first decade of the 2000s. During this period, urban development was primarily subject to property market mechanisms—with projects being granted to the highest bidder—prompting effects such as rapidly rising rents, deepened social segregation and increased property‐led displacement. Since 2009, however, the city's entrepreneurial urban policy encountered comprehensive resistance movements that eventually led to the rediscovery of a political will for a new housing policy and interventionist policy instruments. This article focuses on the turning point of neoliberal policies and examines the wider scope of the contemporary urban agenda in Hamburg. We first conceptualize potential limits of the neoliberal city in general and then discuss three momentous local policy experiments—the International Building Exhibition, promising ‘improvement without displacement'; the rediscovery of housing regulations through the ‘Social Preservation Statute'; and the ‘Alliance for Housing', aiming to tackle the housing shortage. We discuss these approaches as funding, regulation, and actor‐based approaches to limiting the neoliberal city.
Stochastic Frontier Estimation of Market Power in the Food Industries
Authors: Lopez Rigoberto A. , He Xi , Azzam Azzeddine 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe use a modified version of the stochastic frontier model to estimate oligopoly markups above the perfectly competitive frontier, separating out deterministic markups from purely stochastic markups. Using data from 42 US food processing industries between 1990 and 2010, empirical results indicate a widespread incidence of oligopoly power, with Lerner indexes averaging approximately 21%. Further, the estimated markups increase with industrial concentration but decrease with price elasticities and imports. Finally, the estimated Lerner indexes are in the range of previous food industry estimates using New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) models.
Intraspecific maternal competition induces summer diapause in insect parasitoids
Authors: Tougeron Kévin , Hraoui George , Le Lann Cécile , van Baaren Joan , Brodeur Jacques 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOrganisms often live in unpredictable environments and have to adopt life history strategies that optimize their fitness under these conditions. According to bet‐hedging theory, individuals can reduce variation in fitness outcomes by investing in different strategies at the same time. For arthropods, facultative summer diapause enables survival during dry and hot periods of the year, and can be triggered by a decrease in resource abundance. However, the effect of resource depletion on diapause induction has never been disentangled from the effect of the perception of the presence of competitors. Using two solitary parasitoid species of cereal aphids as a model system, Aphidius avenae (Haliday) and Aphidius rhopalosiphi (De Stefani‐Perez) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), we tested whether (i) low absolute host density and/or (ii) high levels of parasitoid females’ competition lead to maternal‐induced summer diapause in parasitoid offspring. Under summer‐like climatic conditions, emerging parasitoid females were (i) reared alone and exposed to different host densities (from 5 to 130 aphids), or (ii) reared together with competing females (from 2 to 20 females) and then exposed individually to 50 aphids. For both parasitoid species, low aphid densities did not induce summer diapause. However, the incidence of summer diapause increased up to a maximum of 11% with increasing levels of competition experienced by female parasitoids. More than 60% of the females produced both diapausing and nondiapausing offspring after being kept at the two highest competition densities. Such a “spreading‐the‐risk” strategy has likely evolved to optimize parasitoid fitness by preventing the following generation from exposure to low populations of suitable hosts and high mortality from superparasitism. These results provide the first experimental evidence of direct maternal competition‐induced diapause in insects, and may change the way we apprehend the evolution of arthropod seasonal ecology, by considering intraspecific competition.
Sexual dimorphism in the alpine butterfliesBoloria palesandBoloria napaea: differences in movement and foraging behavior (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Authors: Ehl Stefan , Hostert Katharina , Korsch Jana , Gros Patrick , Schmitt Thomas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSexual dimorphism is a widespread phenomenon in Lepidoptera. It is reflected in differences in life history, behavior and morphology. Analyses of differences in behavior are mostly difficult and time‐consuming, especially in high mountain ecosystems. To enhance our knowledge on sexual dimorphisms of alpine butterflies, we performed a mark–release–recapture study on 2 species common in the Alps:Boloria palesandBoloria napaea. We analysed movement and foraging behavior to investigate differences between sexes. Both sexes were mostly sedentary and the movement distances of males and females similar. However, obvious differences in dispersal behavior between the sexes were found in the movement patterns. Three different patterns were distinguished. Most males showed intensive flight activity, but mostly flew only in a limited part of the entire habitat (i.e., their individual home range) searching for females, whereas females were less flight active and flew only to find places for oviposition or feeding. The third pattern, where individuals flew larger distances, was only observed in a small number of males, which always returned to their home range. Nearly all feeding was observed on Asteraceae. However, males preferred the generaLeontodonandCrepis, while females preferredLeontodonandCarduus. Apart from this sexual difference in foraging, individuals of both sexes were found to be more or less specialised on nectar sources. Flight activity was generally greater in males than females. Therefore, we think that sex‐specific requirements in nectar ingredients exist, that is, sugar for the intensive flight activity of males and amino acids for egg production of females.
Seed treatment with selected plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria increases maize yield in the field
Authors: Breedt G. , Labuschagne N. , Coutinho T.A. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTMaize, Zea mays is the most important grain crop in South Africa and is a staple food in many African countries. The beneficial effects of plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria on crop growth and yield have been well documented, but obtaining reproducible results under field conditions is often difficult. In the current study, five selected rhizobacterial strains that showed plant growth‐promoting activities in pilot studies were evaluated for potential enhancement of maize yield under field conditions. The five strains together with a commercial standard were assessed as seed treatments of maize over three seasons in four different soil types. The strains were identified on the basis of 16S rRNA sequencing as Lysinibacillus sphaericus (T19), Paenibacillus alvei (T29), Bacillus safensis (S7) Bacillus pumilus (A26) and Brevundimonas vesicularis (A40). The best yield increases in maize were obtained during the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 seasons in the Shortlands ecotope with the rhizobacterial strains T19, T29 and S7, resulting in yield increases ranging from 24% to 34%. Strain T19 rendered the most consistent yield increases during the three successive field trials amounting to 33% and 24% in Shortlands ecotope and 12% in Clovalley ecotope, respectively. During 2013/2014 a consortium of three strains, viz. T19, S7 and A26 gave a 32% yield increase in Clovalley ecotope. All the rhizobacterial strains solubilised phosphate in vitro except T19. Strain T29 showed the best nitrogen‐fixing activity in vitro, proliferating on a nitrogen‐free substrate and also producing ammonia. All the strains tested positive for indole acetic acid production. The current study demonstrates the ability of rhizobacterial strains T19, T29, S7 and A26 applied as seed treatments to significantly enhance maize yield in the field, making development and commercialisation of these strains a viable option.
Genetic structure and demographic history of the melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillet) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand
Authors: Kunprom Chonticha , Pramual Pairot 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe melon fly Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is among the most economically important pests of fruits and fleshy vegetables.
The genetic diversity, genetic structure and demographic history of Z. cucurbitae in Thailand were investigated based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences.
Low genetic variation was found in populations of Z. cucurbitae in Thailand, which is consistent with other studies of this species. Demographic history analysis detected a signal of population expansion dating back to 140 000 years ago, which possibly followed increases in host plants after climatic recovery of the penultimate Pleistocene glaciation.
Population genetic structure analysis found that 51% of pairwise comparisons are genetically significantly different. Because populations that contributed markedly to genetic structuring possessed very low haplotype diversity, the effect of genetic drift could be a factor driving population differentiation.
Comparisons of genetic differentiation between flies from different host plant species found no evidence of isolation. However, most haplotypes are unique for each host plant species, indicating that there are some degrees of isolation.