bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Measurable disease as baseline criterion for response assessment in glioblastoma: A comparison of PET -based (PET RANO 1.0) and MRI-based (RANO) assessments
Authors: Müller Katharina J , Forbrig Robert , Reis Jonas , Wiegand Lilian , Barci Enio , Kunte Sophie C , Kaiser Lena , Schönecker Stephan , Schichor Christian , Harter Patrick N , Thon Niklas , von Baumgarten Louisa , Preusser Matthias , Albert Nathalie L 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Recently, criteria based on amino acid positron emission tomography (PET) have been proposed for response assessment in diffuse gliomas (PET RANO 1.0). In this study, we compare the prevalence of measurable disease according to PET RANO 1.0 with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology (RANO) criteria in glioblastoma.

Methods
We retrospectively identified patients with newly diagnosed IDH-wild-type glioblastoma who underwent [18F] Fluoroethyltyrosine (FET) PET and MRI after resection or biopsy and before radio-/radiochemotherapy. Two independent investigators analyzed measurable disease according to PET RANO 1.0 or MRI-RANO criteria. Additionally, lesion size, congruency patterns, and uptake intensity on [18F]FET PET images were assessed.

Results
We evaluated 125 patients including 49 cases after primary resection and 76 cases after biopsy. Using PET criteria, 113 out of 125 patients (90.4%) had measurable disease, with a median PET-positive volume of 15.34 cm3 (8.83–38.03). With MRI, a significantly lower proportion of patients had measurable disease (57/125, 45.6%; P &lt; .001) with a median sum of maximum cross-sectional diameters of 35.65 mm (26.18–45.98). None of the 12 patients without measurable disease on PET had measurable disease on MRI. Contrariwise, 56/68 patients (82.4%) without measurable disease on MRI exhibited measurable disease on PET. Clinical performance status correlated significantly with PET-positive volume and MRI-based sum of diameters (P &lt; .0059, P &lt; .0087, respectively).

Conclusions
[18F]FET PET identifies a higher number of patients with measurable disease compared to conventional MRI in newly diagnosed glioblastoma. PET-based assessment may serve as a novel baseline parameter for evaluating residual tumor burden and improving patient stratification in glioblastoma studies. Further validation in prospective trials is warranted.
LOMU Type Alkali Basalts in East Asia Sourced from Subduction Recycling of Multiple Ancient Crustal Components
Authors: Dey Bidisha , Shibata Tomoyuki , Yoshikawa Masako 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The origin of alkali basalts with distinctive time-integrated low U/Pb (low μ, LOMU) from East Asia is controversial due to the complex geochemical and tectonic signatures reported from this region. We report new data on the petrology and geochemistry of the Higashi-Matsuura and Kita-Matsuura alkali basalts from Southwest Japan, which confirm the presence of a LOMU-type mantle component below the Japanese Islands, similar to East Asian intraplate volcanoes. We use whole rock geochemistry and mineral chemistry to determine mantle melting, magma evolution conditions and isotopic evolution of the LOMU mantle source. Petrological studies show that the Higashi-Matsuura alkali basalts (~3 Ma) were derived from a hydrous mantle source with ~880 μg/g H2O, at a pressure of 1.8 to 2.3 GPa at a mantle potential temperature of ~1300°C. Trace element modelling concludes that these basalts may have been generated through the hydrous upwelling and partial melting of the asthenospheric mantle containing ~15% dehydrated eclogitic component. Higashi-Matsuura alkali basalts show 206Pb/204Pb values of 17.72 to 18.04 which are among the lowest values from Southwest Japan. Relatively older (6–8 Ma) alkali basalts from the Kita-Matsuura area showing similar physicochemical characteristics, do not show LOMU-type isotopic trends. Trace element and Pb–Sr–Nd isotopic data indicate that the Higashi-Matsuura mantle component is similar to the extreme LOMU components reported from the Northeast China alkali basalts, as well as the recently discovered Petit Spot volcanoes on the Pacific Plate. We model the origin of the LOMU signature from the lowest reported Pb isotope ratios in East Asia, from intraplate alkali basalts in Northeast China. Our model suggests that at least two separate subduction events of marine sediments, at 1.8 and 2.2 Ga, are required to explain the observed Pb isotopic variation in the East Asian region. Other LOMU type basalts from East Asia, including Southwest Japan and Petit Spot, define a linear trend between the Xiaogulihe basalts and lithospheric mantle xenoliths, with 40% to 60% Pb in Higashi-Matsuura basalts being derived from the lithospheric mantle during upwelling. This suggests that the LOMU array in East Asia may have been formed by mixing between multiple ancient, subducted sediment components accumulated at the mantle transition zone for about 2 billion years, and its recent upwelling due to dehydration of the stagnant Pacific slab and related melting of the metasomatised asthenospheric mantle.
Rational Expectations Models with Higher-Order Beliefs
Authors: Huo Zhen , Takayama Naoki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We develop a method of solving rational expectations models with dispersed information and dynamic strategic complementarities. In these types of models, the equilibrium outcome hinges on an infinite number of higher-order expectations which require an increasing number of state variables to keep track of. Despite this complication, we prove that the equilibrium outcome always admits a finite-state representation when the signals follow finite ARMA processes. We also show that such a finite-state result may not hold with endogenous information aggregation. We further illustrate how to use the method to derive comparative statics, characterize equilibrium outcomes in HANK-type network games, reconcile with empirical evidence on expectations, and integrate incomplete information with bounded rationality in general equilibrium.
Caffeine improves systemic lupus erythematosus endothelial dysfunction by promoting endothelial progenitor cells survival
Authors: Orefice Valeria , Ceccarelli Fulvia , Barbati Cristiana , Buoncuore Giorgia , Pirone Carmelo , Alessandri Cristiano , Conti Fabrizio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
We studied the role of caffeine intake on endothelial function in SLE by assessing its effect on circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) both ex vivo in SLE patients and in vitro in healthy donors (HD) treated with SLE sera.

Methods
We enrolled SLE patients without traditional cardiovascular risks factors. Caffeine intake was evaluated with a 7-day food frequency questionnaire. EPCs percentage was assessed by flow cytometry analysis and, subsequently, EPCs pooled from six HD were co-cultured with caffeine with and without SLE sera. After 7 days, we evaluated cells’ morphology and ability to form colonies, the percentage of apoptotic cells by flow cytometry analysis and the levels of autophagy and apoptotic markers by western blot. Finally, we performed a western blot analysis to assess the A2AR/SIRT3/AMPK pathway.

Results
We enrolled 31 SLE patients, and observed a positive correlation between caffeine intake and circulating EPCs percentage. HD EPCs treated with SLE sera and caffeine showed an improvement in morphology and in number of EPCs colony-forming units in comparison with those incubated without caffeine. Caffeine was able to restore autophagy and apoptotic markers in HD EPCs as before SLE sera treatment. Finally, caffeine treatment was able to significantly reduce A2AR levels, leading to an increase in protein levels of SIRT3 and subsequently AMPK phosphorylation.

Conclusions
Caffeine intake positively correlated with the percentage of circulating EPCs in SLE patients; moreover, caffeine in vitro treatment was able to improve EPC survival and vitality through the inhibition of apoptosis and the promotion of autophagy via A2AR/SIRT3/AMPK pathway.
Psychiatric comorbidity in Danish patients with narcolepsy type 1, narcolepsy type 2, and idiopathic hypersomnia: a case–control study
Authors: Haubjerg Østerby Niels Christian , Baandrup Lone , Jennum Poul Jørgen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Study Objectives
To examine the difference in psychiatric comorbidity of Danish patients with Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1), Narcolepsy type 2 (NT2), and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH).

Methods
Polysomnography (PSG), Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), and lumbar puncture were performed on 505 patients referred to a sleep clinic for diagnostic evaluation of hypersomnia. Diagnosis, clinical characteristics, electrophysiologic data, and cerebrospinal fluid hypocretin-1 (Csf-Hcrt-1) results were retrieved. Subsequently, the patients were identified in the Danish national health registers to collect information on psychiatric diagnoses and psychotropic medication use 10 years before the sleep disorder diagnosis. The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities per hypersomnia group was compared to a 1:4 general population control group matched on age, gender, and educational level.

Results
A diagnosis of NT2 and IH was significantly associated with total psychiatric comorbidity compared to the matched controls but not NT1 (NT1: OR = 1.5; NT2: OR = 6.1; IH: OR = 5.2). NT1 was not significantly associated with any psychiatric disorder. NT2 was significantly associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (OR = 8.5), mood disorders (OR = 6.7), neurotic disorders (OR = 3.8), personality disorders (OR = 3.1), and behavioral and emotional disorders (OR = 4.3). IH was significantly associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (OR = 3.3), mood disorders (OR = 5.9), neurotic disorders (OR = 3.0), and behavioral and emotional disorders (OR = 4.0).

Conclusions
NT2 and IH had a close relationship to psychiatric disorders before diagnosis of their sleep disorder, while NT1 did not. This supports previous studies finding higher rates of psychiatric illness in patients with hypersomnia; however, it highlights the similarity between NT2 and IH. We believe this link to psychiatric disorders could play a role in the pathophysiology. Future studies evaluating the relation between hypersomnias of central origin and psychiatric diseases should include hypersomnia subclassifications to further the understanding of the differences in these disorders.
Does severity of the flatfoot deformity affect pain and mobility in adolescents with symptomatic flatfoot
Authors: William Matthew , Pereira Daniel E. , Torres-Izquierdo Beltran , Schaibley Claire , Hosseinzadeh Pooya 
Published: October 2024

Flexible flatfoot is a prevalent pediatric condition, with some cases resulting in pain and mobility limitations necessitating surgical intervention such as calcaneal lengthening osteotomy (CLO). The relationship between flexible flatfoot severity, BMI, and symptomats remains unclear. The study aims to investigate the association between the severity of flexible flatfoot deformity and BMI with pain and mobility impairment in children undergoing CLO. A retrospective database of pediatric patients with symptomatic flexible flatfoot treated with CLO was analyzed. Preoperative pain and mobility were assessed using Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores. The severity of flexible flatfoot was determined by weight-bearing anteroposterior and lateral talo-first metatarsal angles. We included 57 patients with an average age of 12.18 years. The average preoperative PROMIS pain score was 53.76, and the mobility score was 41.27. No significant relationship was found between the severity of deformity and PROMIS scores for pain. Similarly, obesity did not significantly affect pain or mobility scores. In children with symptomatic flexible flatfoot undergoing CLO, neither the severity of the deformity nor obesity significantly influenced preoperative pain and mobility as measured by PROMIS scores. These findings suggest that factors other than the severity of flexible flatfoot deformity and obesity may contribute to the symptoms in this patient population.

Level of evidence:
Level III.
Uterine Sarcoma or Degenerating Fibroid? Validating the New Consensus Magnetic Resonance Imaging Algorithm for Evaluating Atypical Uterine Masses
Authors: Horowitz Jeanne M. , Lopes Vendrami Camila , Velichko Yuri S. , Green-Walker Aja I. , Kelahan Linda C. , Jawahar Anugayathri , Barber Emma L. , Shanes Elisheva D. , Miller Frank H. , Recht Hannah S. 
Published: October 2024

Objective
The aim of the study is to assess the validity of a recently published consensus magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostic algorithm for differentiating degenerating leiomyomas from uterine sarcomas and other atypical appearing uterine malignancies.

Methods
Atypical uterine masses on pelvic MRI were identified using a radiology report search engine and teaching files with the keywords “atypical leiomyoma,” “atypical fibroid,” and “sarcoma.” All cases were pathology-proven. Two radiologists blinded to clinical, surgical, and pathologic reports retrospectively and independently reviewed 40 pelvic MRI examinations dated 1/2007–9/2022 to determine whether the masses appeared benign or malignant, using the 2022 consensus atypical uterine mass flow chart. Imaging features assessed included intermediate/high signal intensity (SI) at T2-weighted imaging, high diffusion weighted imaging SI (equal or higher SI than endometrium or lymph nodes on high b value imaging), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value ≤0.905 × 10−3 mm2/s, peritoneal metastases, and abnormal lymph nodes.

Results
Among the 40 atypical uterine mass cases reviewed, 24 masses were benign (22 leiomyomas, 1 adenomyoma, and 1 borderline ovarian tumor) and 16 masses were malignant (6 leiomyosarcomas, 6 carcinosarcomas, 2 endometrial stromal sarcomas, 1 high-grade adenosarcoma, and 1 low-grade uterine sarcoma). Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of whether a mass was benign or malignant were 75%, 95.8%, 92.3%, and 85% for reader 1, and 81.2%, 91.7%, 86.7%, and 88% for reader 2, respectively. Interrater agreement was strong, with a kappa statistic of 0.89. When excluding nonleiomyosarcoma uterine malignancies, sensitivity and negative predictive value improved to 100%.

Conclusions
The new consensus pelvic MRI algorithm for evaluating atypical uterine masses has good specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for determining malignancy, particularly for uterine sarcomas that are leiomyosarcomas. However, if ADC value is near but not below 0.905 × 10−3 mm2/s, the mass may still be malignant, especially if a b value lower than 1000 is used. If the atypical uterine mass is predominantly endometrial, morphological features on T2 and postgadolinium sequences should guide suspicion, as some atypical appearing nonleiomyosarcoma uterine malignancies may have an ADC value greater than 0.905 × 10−3 mm2/s.
Proportional Condylectomy for the Treatment of Unilateral Condylar Hyperplasia With Maloclussion: Role of Point-of-Care Manufacturing Surgical Guides and Intraoperative Computed Tomography to Avoid Secondary Orthognatic Surgery
Authors: Tousidonis Manuel , Navarro-Cuellar Carlos , Fariña Rodrigo 
Published: October 2024

Condylar hyperplasia (CH) is a complex, usually unilateral pathology affecting the jaw, leading to facial asymmetry and malocclusion. Its etiology is unclear, with potential links to endocrine disorders, trauma, and genetic factors. Unilateral condylar hyperplasia (UCH) typically presents in young patients but can occur at any age. Common symptoms include progressive facial asymmetry, malocclusion, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. Diagnostic imaging like single positron emission computed tomography helps assess condylar activity. Treatment aims to halt condylar growth and correct facial asymmetry, commonly through high condylectomy, which involves removing the upper 3 to 5 mm of the condylar head. Recently, proportional condylectomy, using point-of-care manufacturing 3-dimensional-cutting guides and intraoperative computed tomography control, has shown promising results, potentially eliminating the need for orthognathic surgery. This technique was successfully applied in a case involving a 29-year-old woman, resulting in normalized occlusion and aesthetics after subsequent orthodontic treatment, with stable outcomes 1-year post-treatment.
Estimation of Rotavirus Vaccine Effectiveness Based on Whole Genome Sequences
Authors: Kwon Jiye , Jaimes Jose , Wikswo Mary E. , Klein Eileen J. , Staat Mary Allen , Chappell James D. , Weinberg Geoffrey A. , Harrison Christopher J , Selvarangan Rangaraj , Johnson Coreen , Weinberger Daniel M. , Warren Joshua L. , Esona Mathew D. , Bowen Michael D. , Pitzer Virginia E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionRotavirus vaccine evaluations have noted small differences in vaccine effectiveness (VE) against rotavirus genotypes, defined by the two outer capsid proteins (VP7 or G-type and VP4 or P-type). However, the genomic landscape of group A rotavirus (RVA) and the impact of the remaining nine genome segments (i.e., the “backbone”) on VE are not fully understood. We incorporated whole genome sequence (WGS) data to characterize viruses responsible for rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis (RVGE) between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals in the United States (U.S.).MethodsWe analyzed 254 RVGE cases with WGS data from seven U.S. New Vaccine Surveillance Network sites during 2012-2016. Using a “sieve analysis” framework, we evaluated the variability in vaccine protection based on genetic distance (GD) defined at WGS-level as the percent nucleotide difference between each case strain and the vaccine strain(s). Strain-specific VE estimates were calculated using the test-negative design, controlling for potential cofounders. Separate analyses were performed for the monovalent Rotarix® vaccine (RV1, GlaxoSmithKline) and the pentavalent RotaTeq® vaccine (RV5, Merck & Co.). We also examined the site-specific genetic diversity of circulating RVA strains in relation to vaccine coverage.ResultsRV1-vaccinated cases were more likely to be infected with strains with greater than 9.6% GD from the RV1 vaccine strain (unadjusted OR = 3.03, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.15, 8.03). Strains with a genogroup 1 (Wa-like) backbone represented the majority (99%) of cases below the threshold, whereas more distant strains had genetic backbones that resembled the genogroup 2 (DS-1-like) and reassortant strains. The RV1 vaccine showed evidence of substantially better protection against strains with lower GD to the RV1 strain (VE = 80%, 95% CI: 68%, 89%) compared to more distant strains (VE = 51%, 95% CI: = -29%, 82%). RV5 demonstrated a similar but less pronounced pattern of better protection against strains with a lower minimum GD to the vaccine strains. Sites with higher RV1 usage showed a shift in strain distribution towards greater GD from the RV1 strain, with a similar trend observed for RV5.ConclusionIncorporating the complete genomic structure of RVA reveals that vaccine protection correlates with the diversity of non-outer capsid proteins. Our WGS-based analysis more clearly differentiated vaccine protection than analyses based on VP7 and VP4 alone. With more RVA vaccines in the pipeline, understanding the contribution of all gene segments to immune protection will be key to ensuring the long-term success of RVA vaccination programs.
Subtelomere-specific condensed chromatin is regulated by three different histone modifications
Authors: Osaki Miho , Nurani Atika , Asano Nanoka , Otsubo Yoko , Kanoh Junko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn fission yeast, telomere-adjacent subtelomeres form a subtelomere-specific condensed chromatin structure, referred to as a knob, requiring histone H2A-S121 phosphorylation-dependent localization of Sgo2 at subtelomeres during interphase. However, the mechanism underlying specific Sgo2 localization in subtelomeres remains unclear. Our genetic screen identified Nts1, a histone deacetylase complex component, as a regulator of Sgo2 localization. Nts1 localized to subtelomeres during interphase and influenced histone H4 acetylation. The deletion of both Nts1 and Set2, a histone H3-K36 methyltransferase, led to the loss of Sgo2 at subtelomeres. These findings indicate that H4 deacetylation and H3-K36 methylation redundantly determine Sgo2 localization under H2A-S121 phosphorylation.
Interspecies hybridization as a route of accessory chromosome origin in fungal species infecting wild grasses
Authors: Fagundes Wagner C. , Möller Mareike , Feurtey Alice , Hansen Rune , Haueisen Janine , Salimi Fatemeh , Alizadeh Alireza , Stukenbrock Eva H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMany fungal plant pathogens have dynamic genomic architectures that can contribute to rapid evolution and adaptation to new niches.Zymoseptoria tritici, an important fungal pathogen of wheat, has a compartmentalized and rapidly evolving genome. In the genome of the reference isolateZ. triticiIPO323, 8 of the 21 chromosomes are accessory. In spite of the profound impact on genome organization, the origin of accessory chromosomes inZ. triticiis still poorly understood. Combining genomics, transcriptomics and epigenomics, we discovered a new chromosome inZ. triticiisolates infecting wild grasses from the genusAegilops, and we use this discovery to study the origin of accessory chromosomes. The newly identified chromosome presents similar characteristics to known accessory chromosomes inZymoseptoriaspecies, including presence-absence variation, low gene expressionin vitroandin planta, and enrichment with heterochromatin-associated histone methylation marks (H3K27me3). Interestingly, we found an orthologous chromosome inZymoseptoria ardabiliae, a closely related fungal species also infecting wild grasses. This ortholog chromosome also presents accessory chromosomes characteristics, but lacks the enrichment of heterochromatin-associated methylation marks. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the orthologous chromosome inZ. ardabiliaeharbors active transposable elements (TEs) congruent with lower signatures of host-genome defense mechanisms against TE expansion and spread (quantified as repeat-induced-point (RIP) mutation signatures). Our findings suggest that the chromosome has been exchanged betweenZ. triticiandZ. ardabiliaeby introgressive hybridization events underlining the relevance of hybridization in the evolution of new accessory chromosomes. We speculate that the regulation of TEs has not yet occurred on this new accessory chromosome inZ. ardabiliae, contributing to its rapid evolution.