bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Control of Southern Armyworm with Bacillus Thuringiensis in Staked Tomato, Fall 1994
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Greenhouse raised tomato seedings “Florasette” were planted 8 Sep. 1994, 18 inches within the row on six subirrigated beds, 240 ft long, 32 ft wide on 6 ft centers. Beds had been fumigated with methyl bromide + chloropicrin 67/33 at a rate of 2201b/acre and mulched with whiteside polyethylene. Each of 4, 125 ft blocks was divided into 4, 3-row plots 25 ft long plus 2.5 ft walkways. Plants were sprayed weekly with an alternating combination of Maneb 80 WP at 1 lb/acre plus Kocide 101 at 31b/acre and Bravo 720 at 1.5 pt/acre for disease control. Plants were inoculated on 5 Oct with beet armyworm and on 19 Oct with SAW on 19 Oct to supplement natural populations by applying 2-3 neonates (2-3 per plant) in Grito-O-Cobs (20-40 mesh) to foliage with a “bazooka” gun. Treatments and spray schedules are given in Tables 1 and 2. Spray was delivered weekly for 7 weeks starting in 21 Oct using a high clearance sprayer equipped with yellow hollow cone Albuz nozzles at 200 psi pump pressure. Configuration for the first 4 applications was 9 nozzles per row, one overhead and four each side calibrated to deliver 89 GPA. An additional nozzle per side drop was added for the last 3 applications to deliver 110 GPA. Larval populations were evaluated weekly from 21 Oct to 29 Nov on 6 ft of row from the center of each 3-row plot in two-plant (between-stake) units. Larvae were counted in 3 size categories: small, medium and large but only medium and large are reported. Fruit of marketable size was harvested on 21 Nov & 02 Dec and graded on a commercial table with weights and numbers recorded.
Alfalfa Weevil Control, 1995
Authors: Parr J. C. , Pass B. C. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The plots, 34 ft X 36 ft, were in a 2-yrold stand of ‘Wampr’ variety alfalfa. All treatments and the untreated control were replicated 3 times in a completely randomized design. Sprays were mixed to apply the proper rates in 20 gpa. Treatments were applied on 19 Apr with a low pressure, low volume, Hahn field sprayer equipped with 21 Spraying Systems 8003 stainless steel Tee Jet nozzles and operated at a pressure of 35 psi. A standard treatment of Furadan 4 F was applied at the rate of 0.5 lb (AI)/acre for comparison. Population densities of AW larvae were determined 6, 9, 14, 19 and 21 days DAT by collecting 10 sweeps from each plot with a standard 15-inch-diam beating net
Control Of Alfalfa Weevil Larvae In Tennessee, 1995
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Burgess E. E. , Roberts C. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticide treatments were evaluated in a 3-yr stand of alfalfa at the Highland Rim Experiment Station, Springfield. Plots were 20 ft X 20 ft replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Blocks were separated by 15 ft alleys. Soil type was Minvale silt loam. Nine insecticide treatments were applied on 29 Mar when 70% of the tips were damaged and AW larvae averaged 10.9 larvae/sweep. Chemicals were applied using a tractor mounted CO2-powered 10 ft boom sprayer at the rate of 30 gal/acre. AW samples were collected on 3, 12, 18, 25 Apr and 2 May using a 15 inch insect net, and consisted of 5 pendulum sweeps from each plot. A 34 in X 20 ft strip was harvested from the middle of each plot on 22 May to determine green weight yields. Moisture content of alfalfa was 70.58%.
Use Of Labeled And Experimental Insecticides For Control Of Potato Leafhoppers, Tarnished And Alfalfa Plant Bugs And Pea Aphids In Wisconsin, 1995
Authors: Wedberg John , Jensen Bryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental plots measuring 40 X 50 ft were established in a field of ‘ICI 931’ alfalfa at the University of Wisconsin Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Insecticides were applied on 30 Jun by using a tractormounted compressed air sprayer equipped with 8001 Teejet flat fan nozzles delivering 18 gal of spray/acre at 40 psi when driven at 2.6 mph. Insect abundance was estimated by taking twenty consecutive pendulum sweeps in each plot with a 15 inch diam sweep net at 7, 11 and 14 DAT.
Flea Beetle Control in Canola: Seed & Granular Treatments, 1995
Authors: McCaffrey J. P. , Harmon B. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were established at the University of Idaho Plant Science, Moscow, ID. ‘IMC 144’ Canola treated by Rhone-Poulenc and untreated seed from the same lot was planted at 6 lb/acre using a 6-row (7 inch spacing), small-plot, cone seeder on 19 May. Some untreated seed plots also received granular Furadan treatments at planting. Control plots were planted with untreated seed and no Furadan. Plots were 3.5 X 16 ft arranged in a RCBD with each treatment replicated 4 times. The plots were cultivated, harrowed and fertilized (200 lb/acre 40-0-0-6 and 150 lb/acre 16-20-0) prior to planting. FB damage ratings and counts of all plants in 3.3 ft of rows 3 and 4 were made on 30 May, 2 and 7 Jun. Damage to cotyledons was scored using a 0-6 rating system. Capture 2EC (0.04 lb [AI]/acre) and Thiodan 3EC (1.0 lb [AI]/acre) were applied 6 and 24 Jul, respectively to control late season aphid infestations. Plots were havested 22 Sep with a small-plot combine (4.6 ft header). All data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Flea Beetle Control in Canola, Crookston, Mn, 1995
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Holder Bobby 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Hybrid Canola seed (‘Hyola 401’) was obtained from Zeneca Seeds, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. One third of the seed was coated with Gaucho 480F by Gustafson, Inc., Piano TX, 1/2 was mixed with Furadan CR10 and 1/3 untreated. Plots were 25 ft X 50 ft and planted with a standard plot drill on 15 May. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design replicated 2 two time. Germination and maturity were uniform.
Soil Insecticide Efficacy Trials for Managing Corn Rootworms Using Planting Time Applications in South Dakota, 1995
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Thompson D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The 1995 corn rootworm insecticide efficacy trials were conducted at 5 dryland field sites (Aurora, Cavour, Delmont, Garretson, and Lake Andes) in South Dakota. Experimental design for all studies was a RCB with 4 replications. Individual treatment plots consisted of single 15.2 m long rows which were spaced 96.5 cm apart. Untreated control data from tests containing 2 untreated plots was pooled within replicates to obtain a single mean for comparison with insecticide treatments. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a specially adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter. Metering units were ground-driven, and all units were calibrated on the planter. Banded (B) insecticide treatments were applied in an 18-cm swath over the open seed furrow in front of furrow-closing wheels (T-band), and were incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. In-furrow (F) treatments were placed directly between double-disk furrow openers and into the open seed furrow. Five roots per replicate were dug for each treatment. Roots were washed, examined for corn rootworm larval feeding damage, and rated in accordance with the Iowa 1 to 6 scale. Root injury ratings were analyzed using SAS’s General Linear Models (GLM) procedure with root rating and percent root protection means being compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Corn Rootworm Insecticide Screening, 1995
Authors: Jarvi Keith , Echtenkamp Gerald W. , Witkowski John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The test plots were planted on 17 May. Seven inch banded (P/TB) and infurrow (P/TF) planting time treatments were applied with a cone-belt distributer mounted on a John Deere Maxemerge equipped with incorporation tines. Cultivation treatments (C/TB) were applied over the row on 22 Jun with the cone-belt distributer mounted on a hand-powered bicycle wheel applicator. The entire plot was cultivated immediately after application of the 22 Jun treatments by a tractor mounted cultivator. The seeding rate was 19,000 seeds/ acre on 30 inch rows. Soil type was silt loam (OM &gt;3%, pH 6.5). Previous crop was late planted corn planted as a trap crop. The field was disked twice prior to planting. Preplant anhydrous ammonia was applied at the rate of 80 lb per acre prior to planting. Approximately 20% corn stalk residue was remaining after field preparation. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications, each treatment a single row 47 ft long. Five randomly selected roots from each replication were rated on the Iowa State 1-6 scale (1, no damage; 6, 3 or more nodes pruned to within 1/2 inch of the stalk). The roots were dug and rated on 24, 25, and 26 Jul. Topsoil and subsoil moisture was at field capacity at planting time.
Control of Second Generation European Corn Borer, 1995
Authors: Witkowski John , Echtenkamp Jerry 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Foliar treatments of registered and non-registered insecticides for second generation European corn borer were applied to irrigated corn plots in Dixon County, NE on 9 Aug. Liquid formulated insecticides were applied with a Hahn Hi-Boy calibrated to deliver 17 gpa at 30 psi. Granular formulated insecticides were applied with Noble granulator units mounted on the same Hahn Hi-Boy with 10 inch row banders. Twenty-four hr prior to application, 6 black headed egg masses on paper disc were pinned to the middle portion of 10 marked corn plants in each replicate. Experimental design was RCB with 4 replications. On 14 Sep, the infested plants were dissected from tassel to ground, examined and the number of corn borer larvae recorded. Results were analyzed using analysis of variance produres. Treatment means were separated using LSD procedures.
Temik 15G Evaluated with Selected Fungicides and Pythium Inoculum Alone and in Combination, 1995
Authors: Burris Gene , Cook Don , Leonard B. R. , Graves J. B. , Pankey J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Granular in-furrow applications of Temik 15G were evaluated for control of seedling diseases with Terraclor Super-X, Terraclor, Terrazole, and Ridomil fungicides. The test was conducted at the Northeast Research Station, St. Joseph, LA. Plots were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were 4 rows wide (40-inch spacing) X 65 ft. ‘Stoneville LA 887’ cotton seed was planted 17 Apr on a commerce silt loam soil which was sidedressed with 90 lb N/acre. Cotton seed was planted with a John Deere model 7100 series planter which was equipped with 10 inch seed cones mounted to replace the seed hoppers. The seeding rate was 4 seed/row ft and all plots received 0.5 lb (AI)/acre of Temik 15G. Granular in-furrow treatments and Pythium inoculum were applied with 8 inch belt cone applicators mounted to replace the standard granular applicators. In-furrow spray treatments were applied with a CO2 charged spray system through 25015 flat fan nozzles positioned in front of the press wheels. The spray tips were turned to spray across the furrow and were calibrated to deliver 5 gpa. Stand density was measured by counting all plants in a 10 ft section of an inside row on 5 May and all plants on the center 2 rows on 5 and 24 May. On 9 May, cotton seedling height and disease ratings were made on hypocotyls and roots by evaluating 5 randomly selected plants. In general, stem injury was caused by the fungal disease, Rhizoctonia solani. A rating system of 1 for no visible lesions, 2 for non-girdling lesions, and 3 for lesions that girdled the entire stem was used for stem injury. For root decay ratings (Pythium spp. symptoms) a scale of 1 to 6 was used (1 showing no visible symptoms and 6 showing 100% death of the root system). Pest control was initiated in Jun and continued on an “as needed” basis through Aug. Plots were harvested on 11 Sep. All 4 rows of the plots were mechanically harvested using a John Deere spindle type picker. Yields were converted to lb seed cotton/acre.
Cotton Aphid Control, 1994
Authors: Elzen G. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were tested for relative efficacy against cotton aphid in nonirrigated cotton planted 6 May at Stoneville, MS. Plots of 8 rows (40 inch centers) by 65 ft, separated by 15 ft alleys, were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates. All treatments were applied by a high-clearance spray machine equipped with a compressed air spray system. Total spray volume was 6 gpa at 5 mph and 35 psi using 2, TX10 nozzles/row. Plots within a replicate were sprayed consecutively with the boom rinsed twice and blown clear between plots. Treatments were applied on 5 Jul. Efficacy was determined by counting aphids per square inch on leaves in the top and middle portions of 40 randomly chosen plants/ treatment at 3 and 6 DAT.
Cotton Aphid Control in the Macon Ridge Region of Louisiana, 1995
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides against CA in non-irrigated no-till cotton planted 5 May. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. No insecticides had been previously applied to the test areas. Treatments were applied to Tests 1 and 2 on 7 Jun and 13 Jun, respectively. Insecticides were applied with a tractor-mounted boom and compressed air system calibrated to deliver 10 gpa through Teejet 8001 flat fan nozzles (2/row) at 38 psi. Treatment efficacy was evaluated by sampling 10 cotton plant terminals (all apical shoot growth above and including the first fully expanded leaf) from each plot at 2 and 7 DAT in both tests. Treatments were evaluated in Test I on 9 and 14 Jun and in Test II on 15 and 20 Jun. Cotton aphids were washed from the plant foliage onto 300 mesh wire sieves, backwashed onto ruled filter paper (7 cm) and counted using a binocular dissecting scope. These plots received 0.1 and 0.9 inches rainfall on 11 and 12 Jun, respectively. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides for Control of Aphids on Cotton, 1995
Authors: Sparks Alton N. , Norman John W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A small plot test was conducted at the Texas A&M Research and Extension Center in Weslaco to evaluate selected insecticides for efficacy against aphids on cotton. Plots measured 1 row (40 inches) by 30 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 pressurized (40 psi) backpack sprayer in a total volume of 10 gpa. Nozzle arrangement consisted of three 10X nozzles per row (1 over-top, 2 on drops). Treatments were applied 13 May. Aphids were monitored by random selection of 5 plants per plot and counting all apterous aphids on the first fully expanded leaf below the terminal.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Bollworm and Tobacco Budworm in Cotton, 1995
Authors: Tugwell N. P. , Teague T. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Field studies to evaluate control of bollworm and tobacco budworm were conducted in a commercial cotton field planted 24 May. Phillips Co., AR. Plots were 4 rows wide (38 inch centers) X 50 ft long. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied 18 Aug using a 4-row CO2 charged back pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 9.7 gpa at 20 psi with 1, TJ60 8002vs nozzle per row. Determinations of larval damage were made by examining squares and bolls in 10 to 12 inches of 20 terminals per plot 4 d after application. Yield determinations were made by hand picking 1 row 10 ft long/plot.
Efficacy of Chlorpyrifos-Methyl to Control Tarnished Plant Bug in Cotton, 1995
Authors: Tugwell N. P. , Teague T. G. , Bearden S. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two trials to evaluate the efficacy of chlorpyrifos-mefhyl to control TPB were conducted in cotton planted 17 May on the UA Cotton Branch Experiment Station in Marianna, AR. The 8 row (38 inch centers) X 50 ft plots were separated by 2 rows of buffer zone. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 3 replications. In Trial I insecticides were applied 21 Jul using a 2-row, CO2-charged back pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 20 psi with 1, TX6 nozzle per row. In Trial II insecticides were applied 4 Aug using a 4-row CO2-charged back pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 13 gpa at 20 psi with 1, TJ-60 8002vs nozzle per row. For each study, 3 organdy sleeve cages, 9 inches diam by 22 inches long, had been secured to individual plants in each plot by tying the lower end of each cage around the plant ca 1 ft from the terminal with twist ties. The cages were rolled down to the tie and covered with aluminum foil. Following application the foil was removed, the cage pulled up, and 5 TPB were placed into each cage. Cage tops were secured with twist ties. Insects had been collected by sweep net on blooming mustard immediately prior to testing and held in 15 ml plastic vials (5/vial) on ice. After 72 hr, plants were cut below the cage and taken to the laboratory where TPB mortality was determined.
Sunflower Beetle Control Using Three Rates of Furadan 4F, Valley City, Nd, 1995
Authors: Noetzel David M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Individual 0.5 mile strips were planted on 20 May using 3 rates of Furadan 4F applied at the time of planting. Four subsamples, 3 ft X 20 ft each, were collected from the 4 best appearing portions of each plot. These yield samples were distributed across the field and from different row pairs.
Aphid Control on Connecticut Shade Tobacco with Systemic Insecticides, 1995
Authors: LaMondia James A. , Rathier Thomas M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Ten insecticide treatments were evaluated for tobacco aphid control in a cloth-covered shade tent at the CT Agricultural Expt. Stn. Valley Laboratory in Windsor CT. The soil was an entic haplorthod (71.8% sand, 23.0% silt, 5.2% clay, pH = 6.0 and OM = 4.0%). There were 4 replicate, 4-row plots of each treatment (15 X 15-ft), each with 2 replicate treated rows in the center and 2 adjacent untreated rows. Admire 2F (NTN33893) greenhouse-drenches were applied on 30 May to 2-month-old ‘O-40’ plants in 128-cell flats (25-cm3 mix per cell). Admire was applied at 0.12, 0.24, and 0.48 lb (AI)/acre in 1.0 ml/plant (10,800 plants/acre). On 31 May, Vydate (2.0 lb [AI] in 107 gpa) was broadcast in a 39-inch swath using a 8004E nozzle and raked to incorporate. Tobacco was transplanted on 1 Jun to rows 39-inches apart with plants 1-ft apart within rows. Vydate was also band-applied (2.0 lb [AI]/acre) on 2 Jun to 4-inches on either side of rows using a TG-3 nozzle and incorporated by hoeing. Admire was applied on 2 Jun as a soil drench, using a TG-3 at 15 psi to apply 20 ml/plant in 2, 10-ml applications 2-cm to either side of plants. Foliar Orthene or Admire was applied using a TG-3 nozzle at 15 psi on 12 Jul and 4 Aug in 204 gpa. One leaf each from 10 plants per row was removed on 24 Jul, 8 and 21 Aug (1600 leaves per date), and rated for apterous aphids (scale: 0 = no aphids or winged only; 1 = 1 aphid per leaf; and 10 = more than 1 aphid per leaf). Ratings from the 10 plants were added and treatments compared to adjacent untreated rows by the nonparametric Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test. Treatment means within dates were compared by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis Test.
Comparision of Seed Treatments and Foliars for Control of Aphids in Spring Wheat, Morris, Mn, 1994
Authors: Noetzel Dave M. , Warnes Dennis 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A trial was established at the West Central Experiment Station. Plots were 5 ft X 20 ft in size, treatments were arranged in an RCB, replicated 4 times. Seed treatments were prepared by Gustafson, Inc., Piano, TX. Severe scab in 1993 prompted adding a fungicide (Vitavax Xtra) to all treatment, and adding an insecticide and fungicide-free check. Foliars were applied at flag leaf at 60 gpa. Plots were combined using a standard plot combine, the seed dried, and final yields adjusted on the basis of a standard moisture.
Rescue Insecticide Applications for Management of Pale Western Cutworms in Winter Wheat, 1995
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. , Thompson D. J. , Voss T. S. , Smith M. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An established winter wheat field near Bruce, SD, was chosen to evaluate the performance of foliar-applied insecticide treatments in plots artificially infested with PWCW larvae. The field had been planted on 15 Sep at a rate of 1.2 million seeds/acre using 17.8-cm row spacing. Each treatment plot consisted of a 1 m2 section (5 1-m long rows) of winter wheat enclosed within a metal barrier. Barriers were constructed of 30.5-cm wide strips of galvanized steel flashing material that were folded to form a square, then driven 20.3 cm below the soil to prevent emigration of larvae from treatment plots. Infestation took place on 6 and 17 May with a total of 18 laboratory-reared PWCW larvae being placed into each plot. The study involved a performance comparison of 16 insecticide treatments combinations and an untreated check. Treatments were arranged in a CRD and replicated 4 times. Insecticide applications were carried out (24 May) using a CO2-propelled backpack canister sprayer system equipped with TeeJet 8003 flat fan nozzles delivering 20 gpa. Live cutworm counts (to determine insecticide efficacy) began at 21 DAT (14 Jun) and continued through 11 Jul. Sampling of an individual plot consisted of extracting all soil within the metal barrier to a depth of ca. 20 cm and sifting it through 0.6-cm mesh hardware cloth to retrieve all live larvae. Data were analyzed via SAS’s General Linear Models (GLM) procedure and means were compared using DMRT.
Control of Black Cutworm With Merit Used Preventatively and Pyrethroids Used Curatively, 1995
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental design was an RCB, replicated 4X, plot size was 7 X 7 ft. All treatments were applied with a CO2 boom sprayer, 8004 nozzles, at 40 PSI, in 2 gal water per 10002. All plots were lightly preirrigated. Merit was applied 3 Jul and irrigated (0.1 in). The remaining treatments were applied 31 Jul to a mixed population of 3-6 instar larvae and were not immediately watered. Plots were rated 7 Aug using a soap flush and counting live larvae. Conditions at the time of treatment on 3 Jul were: air temperature, 86.4°F; wind, calm; sky, clear; soil temperature, 90.6°F; thatch depth, 0.25 inch; slope, 0%; soil texture, loamy sand, sand 80%, silt 13%, clay 7%; soil organic matter, 1.7%; soil moisture 8%; post treatment precipitation, light irrigation daily; mowing height 0.125 inch.
Black Turfgrass Ataenius Larval Control With Bifenthrin, 1995
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seven treatments were applied to a golf course fairway in Dover, NH, for BTA larval control. Plots were 7 X 7 ft, replicated 4 times, in a RCB design. Treatments were applied 3 Jul and rated 21 Jul by removing 2 ft2 of sod and counting live larvae and pupae. Granules were applied with a salt shaker and sprays with a CO2 boom sprayer, 8004 nozzles, at 40 PSI, in 1.74 gal water per 10002. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temperature, 63.8°F; wind, 2 mph; sky, clear, soil temperature, 1 inch, 69.0°F; thatch depth, 0.6 inch; soil pH, 5.8; slope, 3%; soil texture, silt loam, sand 46%, silt 47%, clay 7%; soil organic matter, 8.1%; soil moisture, 31.24%; post treatment precipitation, 0.2 inch immediately.