bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diel changes in habitat use by dragonflies: Nocturnal roosting site selection by the threatened dragonfly Sympetrum depressiusculum (Odonata: Libellulidae)
Authors: Hykel Michal , Harabiš Filip , Dolný Aleš 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough it is well recognized that insects' habitat use and requirements may change during the season, very little attention has been devoted to diel habitat changes in most insects. In this study, we compared habitat utilization patterns of Sympetrum depressiusculum (Selys, 1841) adult dragonflies between daytime activities and nocturnal roosting. During daytime, we captured and marked adult individuals with fluorescent paint in different habitats. At night, we searched, using UV light, for marked individuals that remained on the habitats. We found that habitat selection for daytime activities and that for nocturnal roosting differed significantly. Adults clearly avoided ponds and their immediate surroundings for nocturnal roosting, whereas this habitat type was frequently utilized for daytime activities. We suggest that nocturnal avoidance of the riparian area is associated with lower temperatures, which adversely affect thermoregulation, and that selection of specific habitats for nocturnal roosting is closely associated with vegetation structure providing stability during windy nights and serving as a suitable shelter. Such habitat properties are found especially on fallow land, a habitat type whose representation in agricultural areas has been gradually decreasing in recent decades.
Female response to predation risk alters conspecific male behaviour during pre‐copulatory mate guarding
Authors: Oku Keiko , Poelman Erik H. , de Jong Peter W. , Dicke Marcel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMating behaviour often increases predation risk, but the vulnerability within mating pairs differs between the sexes. Such a sex difference is expected to lead to differences in responses to predation risk between the sexes. In the two‐spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, males engage in pre‐copulatory mate guarding because only the first mating results in fertilisation. We investigated (i) whether pre‐copulatory pairs are more conspicuous to the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis than solitary females, (ii) whether the vulnerability to the predator differs between sexes within the pre‐copulatory pair, (iii) whether each sex of T. urticae responds to predation risk during pre‐copulatory mate guarding and (iv) whether T. urticae's response to predation risk affects predator behaviour. Because T. urticae females are immobile during pre‐copulatory mate guarding, we observed male behaviour to evaluate effects of predation risk. We found that the predators detect more pre‐copulatory pairs than solitary females and that more females than males of the pre‐copulatory pairs are preyed upon by the predators. The preference of spider mite males for pre‐copulatory pairs versus solitary females was affected by whether or not the female had been exposed to predators during development. Male T. urticae exposed to predation risk did not alter their behaviour. These results suggest that only the most vulnerable sex, that is the female, responds to predation risk, which modifies male behaviour. Regardless of T. urticae females’ experience, however, P. persimilis detected more T. urticae pre‐copulatory pairs than solitary females, suggesting that pre‐copulatory mate guarding itself is dangerous for T. urticae females when these predators are present. We discuss our results in the context of sex‐dependent differences in predation risk.
Birth Family Contact Experiences Among Lesbian, Gay, and Heterosexual Adoptive Parents With School‐Age Children
Authors: Farr Rachel H. , Ravvina Yelena , Grotevant Harold D. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo examine how lesbian, gay, and heterosexual adoptive parents navigate openness dynamics with children's birth family across a 5‐year period, when children are preschool‐ to school‐age.BackgroundFew studies regarding birth family contact have included longitudinal data as well as a sample of adoptive parents of varying sexual orientations. Thus, this study used a multiprong theoretical approach grounded in emotional distance regulation, families of choice, and gender theory.MethodA mixed‐methods approach with longitudinal quantitative survey and qualitative interview data from 106 lesbian, gay, and heterosexual adoptive parent families was employed to examine the type of contact, its frequency, who was involved, perceptions of this contact, and the extent to which formal agreements exist between adoptive and birth families regarding contact.ResultsFindings revealed variations in the status and perceptions of contact across adoptive families. We also discovered that many lesbian and gay adoptive parents reported that birth parents had intentionally selected a same‐sex adoptive couple, and birth parents appeared to have distinct reasons for this choice.ConclusionAlthough some differences in birth family contact distinguished lesbian, gay, and heterosexual adoptive parent families, these families generally appeared more similar than different.ImplicationsImplications—particularly a need for demonstrated competencies in adoption openness—are discussed for adoption professionals in policy, practice, and legal realms.
Perceptions of oral health among older Cambodians and their caregivers: A qualitative study
Authors: Horn Rithvitou , Heng Chanlay , Chea Chamrouen , Sieng Chanthyda , Louv Chenlay , Turton Bathsheba , Durward Callum , Abu Kasim Noor Hayaty 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveOlder adults (those above the age of 60) are an emerging demographic in Cambodia, and very little is understood about their oral health experiences, needs, perceptions and behaviours. The aim of this study was to explore the oral health experiences, practices and perceptions of a convenience sample of a small but diverse group of older adults in Cambodia.MethodA cross‐sectional qualitative study in which focus group interviews were conducted by 5 trained senior Cambodian dental students. A convenience sample of 56 older adults and caregivers was recruited across urban, semi‐urban and rural locations. Focus group conversations were recorded, transcribed and analysed thematically.ResultsThe themes that emerged were around low expectations for both general health and oral health. A communal responsibility for health was expressed, and both money and transport were identified as key barriers to accessing care. Participants recognised that they had oral health problems, and acknowledged the impact of poor oral function on health and nutrition.ConclusionThis study is an important first step in better understanding the oral health experiences and perceptions of older people in Cambodia. Participants described the impacts of poor oral health as being important, even when compared with other general health conditions.
The effect of small dose of topiroxostat on serum uric acid in patients receiving hemodialysis
Authors: Nagaoka Yume , Tanaka Yoshiko , Yoshimoto Hiroshi , Suzuki Rie , Ryu Kakei , Ueda Mio , Akiyama Minako , Nagai Miho , Miyaoka Yoshitaka , Kanda Eiichiro , Iwai Shinnichi , Nagaoka Michio , Kanno Yoshihiko 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Topiroxostat, a recently developed xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is expected to have fewer adverse effects than allopurinol because it has different mechanism of action from alloprinol. However, its dosage, usage and safety have not been established in patients with impaired renal function or those undergoing dialysis at the development since no studies was conducted in these patients.Methods: Cross over clinical trial using 3 months of allopurinol and topiroxostat on 27 maintain Japanese HD patients were carried out. The effects on oxidative stress status of both drugs were also evaluated by measuring oxidation reduction potential.Findings: Twenty‐five of twenty‐seven patients completed study. The mean serum uric acid levels in the topiroxostat‐treated arm was significantly lower than it in the allopurinol‐treated arm time‐dependently (P < 0.0001). Corrected oxidative stress ratio defined as biological antioxidant potential/diacron reactive oxygen metabolites was significantly increased in topiroxostat‐arm (*P = 0.0035), but not in allopurinol‐arm (P = 0.1429). No significant difference was seen in diacron reactive oxygen metabolites, biological antioxidant potential, static oxidation‐reduction potential, and capacity oxidation‐reduction potential between pre and post treatment of both drugs.Discussion: It is suggested that a low dose of topiroxostat decreased serum uric acid sufficiently to maintain it below 7.0 mg/dL in patients receiving hemodialysis.
New diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid after withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy in a failed renal transplant recipient on hemodialysis
Authors: Abdul Salim Sohail , Thomas Litty , Quorles Amanda , Hamrahian Seyed Mehrdad , Fülöp Tibor 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe occurrence of the autoimmune blistering disease, bullous pemphigoid (BP), in patients with failed renal allograft is rare and the few reported cases suggest various provocative factors without reaching a consensus. Here we report the case of a patient presenting with bullous lesions soon after the complete discontinuation of immunosuppressant therapy following renal allograft failure. Skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of BP. Administration of systemic corticosteroid controlled the occurrence of BP lesions in our patient. Increased clinical suspicion is warranted in cases of patients with renal transplant failure, since withdrawal of the immunosuppressant therapy could lead to unmasking the underlying autoimmune skin disease.
Glucose homeostasis in two degrees of sepsis lethality induced by caecum ligation and puncture in mice
Authors: Ferreira Francielle B. D. , dos Santos Cristiane , Bruxel Maciel A. , Nunes Everson A. , Spiller Fernando , Rafacho Alex 
Published: December 2017

SummarySepsis is associated with high mortality. Both critically ill humans and animal models of sepsis exhibit changes in their glucose homeostasis, that is, hypoglycaemia, with the progression of infection. However, the relationship between basal glycaemia, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity is not well understood. Thus, we aimed to evaluate this glucose homeostasis triad at the late stage of sepsis (24 h after surgery) in male Swiss mice subjected to lethal and sublethal sepsis by the caecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. The percentage of survival 24 h after CLP procedure in the Lethal and Sublethal groups was around 66% and 100% respectively. Both Lethal and Sublethal groups became hypoglycaemic in fasting and fed states 24 h after surgery. The pronounced fed hypoglycaemia in the Lethal group was not due to worsening anorexic behaviour or hepatic inability to deliver glucose in relation to the Sublethal group. Reduction in insulin sensitivity in CLP mice occurred in a lethality‐dependent manner and was not associated with glucose intolerance. Analysis of oral and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, as well as the gastrointestinal motility data, indicated that CLP mice had reduced intestinal glucose absorption. Altogether, we suggest cessation of appetite and intestinal glucose malabsorption are key contributors to the hypoglycaemic state observed during experimental severe sepsis.
Discrimination of FCGR2B polymorphism without coamplification of FCGR2A and FCGR2C genes
Authors: Bonatti F. , Adorni A. , Percesepe A. , Martorana D. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe FCGR locus is characterized by high polymorphism and sequence homology. In particular, the Ile232Thr polymorphism in the FCGR2B gene results in inaccurate genotyping in most published papers. The purpose of the study was to develop an accurate genotyping assay able to discriminate this polymorphism.
Limited utility of routine chest X‐ray in initial evaluation of neutropenic fever in patients with haematological diseases undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Estacio Ortis , Loh Zoe , Baker Amy , Chong Geoff , Grigg Andrew , Churilov Leonid , Hawkes Eliza A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundRoutine chest X‐ray (CXR) is recommended for neutropenic fever (NF) management however its role is relatively understudied in haematology patients.AimTo investigate the utility of CXR in the diagnosis and management of patients with haematological conditions complicated by NF.MethodsRetrospective, single‐centre analysis of haematology patients admitted with NF between January 2011 and December 2015. Baseline demographics, treatment details and outcomes were collected from electronic patient records. CXR underwent independent radiology review. Primary endpoints were a proportion of NF episodes in which CXR detected a probable chest infection in the absence of respiratory symptoms/signs and/or resulted in a change in antibiotic management.ResultsFour hundred and thirty‐five episodes were identified; CXR was performed in 75% of patients (65% within 2 days of NF). In 4 of 164 (2.4%) asymptomatic patients, CXR was consistent with infection, in contrast to 19 of 119 (16%) patients with clinical signs of respiratory infection. Only 3 of 283 (1.1%) CXR resulted in a change to antibiotics. CXR consistent with infection was not associated with increased mortality or increased admission length, although there was an association with intensive care unit admission (odds ratios: 7.61, 95% confidence interval: 2.04–28.31).ConclusionIn haematology patients with NF, CXR rarely detected chest infection or changed management in patients with no respiratory symptoms or signs. CXR in our institution is no longer part of routine assessment of NF in the absence of these features.
Definition of aggressive periodontitis in periodontal research. A systematic review
Authors: Ramírez Valeria , Hach Maria , López Rodrigo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSince its introduction in 1999, the term aggressive periodontitis (AgP) has been the topic of many investigations. Articles supporting the International Workshop for a Classification of Periodontal Diseases list several disease features, but do not offer operational criteria for identifying cases. Consequently, considerable variation in the understanding of AgP can be anticipated.AimTo systematically assess the definitions of AgP reported in original periodontal research.MethodsA systematic review of original research on AgP published in English.ResultsThe electronic search yielded 833 abstracts. Of these, 472 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were appraised. In 26.5% of the publications, no information on AgP operationalization is presented, but reference is made to another article. In 12.7% of the publications, no information is provided as to how the cases were defined. Many combinations of criteria for case definition were found.ConclusionsThis study revealed significant heterogeneity in the understanding and use of the term AgP in original research and poor documentation of the identification of cases. The direction and magnitude of the influence of misclassification and selection bias are unknown, but ought to be considered by the critical reader, professionals and patients using this term.
Internal adaptation of resin composite restorations with different thicknesses of glass ionomer cement lining
Authors: Chailert Ornjira , Banomyong Danuchit , Vongphan Nataya , Ekworapoj Piyanart , Burrow Michael F. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the thin or thick placement of resin‐modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) lining on the adaptation of resin composite restorations bonded with two types of adhesive.MethodsSixty deep occlusal cavities were prepared and divided into two groups: etch‐and‐rinse adhesive (Single Bond 2) or self‐etching adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond). Specimens were further divided into three subgroups: no lining (control), lined with 0.5 mm‐thin RMGIC, or lined with 1 mm‐thick RMGIC (Vitrebond). Each cavity was bonded, restored with resin composite, and sectioned to obtain two specimens. One specimen was stained with 2% methylene blue, and dye staining at the pulpal floor and cavity walls was calculated. Other specimens were investigated for micro‐gap formation using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).ResultsFor Single Bond 2, dye staining was not significantly different among the three groups. For Clearfil SE Bond, lining absence showed the lowest dye staining at the pulpal floor. Dye staining of 0.5 mm‐thin RMGIC significantly increased, but 1 mm‐thick RMGIC tended to reduce dye staining. Comparing the two adhesives, there was no significant difference in dye staining. From the SEM images, micro‐gaps were more frequently observed in the 0.5 mm‐thin lining groups.ConclusionsRMGIC should be placed as a thick lining, if indicated.
Multigene editing via CRISPR/Cas9 guided by a single‐sgRNA seed in Arabidopsis
Authors: Yu Zhiming , Chen Qiyuan , Chen Weiwei , Zhang Xian , Mei Fengling , Zhang Pengcheng , Zhao Mei , Wang Xiaohong , Shi Nongnong , Jackson Stephen , Hong Yiguo 
Published: December 2017

SummaryWe report that a solo single‐guide RNA (sgRNA) seed is capable of guiding Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR −associated 9 (CRISRP/Cas9) to simultaneously edit multiple genes AtRPL10A, AtRPL10B and AtRPL10C in Arabidopsis. Our results also demonstrate that it is possible to use CRISPR/Cas9 technology to create AtRPL10 triple mutants which otherwise cannot be generated by conventional genetic crossing. Compared to other conventional multiplex CRISPR/Cas systems, a single sgRNA seed has the advantage of reducing off‐target gene‐editing. Such a gene editing system might be also applicable to modify other homologous genes, or even less‐homologous sequences for multiple gene‐editing in plants and other organisms.
Microneedling combined with platelet‐rich plasma or trichloroacetic acid peeling for management of acne scarring: A split‐face clinical and histologic comparison
Authors: El‐Domyati Moetaz , Abdel‐Wahab Hossam , Hossam Aliaa 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundMinimally invasive procedures provide effective, safe, relatively long‐lasting, and natural results without large damage to the skin. A combination treatment is considered an approach that includes at least 2 different and unrelated modalities.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the use and effectiveness of some combined minimally invasive procedures for management of acne scarring.Patients/methodsTwenty‐four volunteers with postacne atrophic scars were randomly divided into 3 equal groups according to performed procedure on each side of the face (microneedling by dermaroller alone or combined with platelet‐rich plasma [PRP] or trichloroacetic acid [TCA] 15% peeling) and received 6 bi‐weekly sessions of treatment. Photography and punch biopsies were taken before and after 3 months of treatment for clinical, histological, and histometrical evaluation.ResultsCombined treatment of dermaroller and PRP or dermaroller and TCA 15% showed significant improvement when compared with dermaroller alone (P = .015 and .011 respectively). Epidermal thickness showed statistically significant increase in studied groups, mainly after dermaroller and TCA 15%. Moreover, the 3 studied groups showed more organized collagen bundles and newly formed collagen formation and markedly decreased abnormal elastic fibers.ConclusionsBased on the clinical, histometrical, and histochemical assessment, inspite that most volunteers showed significant improvement after treatment, however, the combined use of dermaroller and TCA 15% was more effective in postacne atrophic scars than the use of dermaroller and PRP or dermaroller only.
Antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus during second pregnancies
Authors: Wakano Yasuhiro , Sugiura Tokio , Endo Takeshi , Ito Koichi , Suzuki Mitsuyoshi , Tajiri Hitoshi , Tanaka Yasuhito , Saitoh Shinji 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMother‐to‐child transmission of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major concern for infected mothers, especially after their first child has become an HBV carrier despite immunoprophylaxis. Eight mothers whose first child had become an HBV carrier despite immunoprophylaxis were referred for antiviral therapy during the subsequent pregnancy. All pregnant women were seropositive for both the hepatitis B surface antigen and hepatitis B e antigen. In the treatment group (three receiving lamivudine and two receiving tenofovir), mother‐to‐child transmission of the HBV was successfully prevented in all infants (5/5). On the other hand, two of three infants became HBV carriers in the untreated group. There were no significant adverse effects in either mothers or infants. Antiviral therapy using lamivudine and tenofovir during the second pregnancy successfully prevented mother‐to‐child transmission of the HBV for high‐risk mothers.
A prospective study comparing perioperative anxiety and posthospital behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder vs typically developing children undergoing outpatient surgery
Authors: Elliott Anila B. , Holley Amy Lewandowski , Ross Alexandra C. , Soleta Amy O. , Koh Jeffrey L. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundResearch describing the experience of youth with autism spectrum disorders in the perioperative setting is limited. This study compared youth with autism spectrum disorder to typically developing children in the perioperative setting and examined group differences in: child anxiety, parent anxiety, premedication patterns, induction compliance, and changes in behavior postprocedure.MethodsParticipants were 60 youth (32 with autism spectrum disorder, 28 typically developing) of ages 2‐19 years undergoing outpatient surgery and their parents. Parents and research assistants rated children's anxiety at 3 time points (waiting room, preoperative holding, separation), and parents rated their own anxiety in the waiting room and at separation. The anesthesiologist rated induction compliance. Postprocedure behavior change was assessed via phone survey 1 and 7 days postprocedure. Analyses examined group differences in anxiety, medication patterns, and behavior.ResultsChildren with autism spectrum disorder had higher research assistant reported anxiety than typically developing youth in the holding room only. There were no group differences in parent report of their own anxiety or their child's anxiety across time points. Compared to typically developing youth, children with autism spectrum disorder were more likely to receive a premedication (including nonstandard premedication), and had poorer induction compliance. Groups did not differ on posthospital behavior change 1 or 7 days postsurgery.ConclusionFindings revealed ratings of anxiety in youth with and without autism spectrum disorder facing surgery varied by reporter and setting, highlighting the importance of using multiple reporters in research of youth with autism spectrum disorder in the perioperative period. Furthermore, while results showed group differences in premedication patterns and induction compliance, groups did not differ in level of negative behavior change after surgery. Future research can examine how individual differences in youth with autism impact anxiety in the perioperative setting and degree of behavior change postprocedure.