bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Toward a Sustainable Impeller Production: Environmental Impact Comparison of Different Impeller Manufacturing Methods
Authors: Peng Shitong , Li Tao , Wang Xinlin , Dong Mengmeng , Liu Zhichao , Shi Junli , Zhang Hongchao 
Published: July 2017

SummaryImpellers are the core components of turbomachinery in petrochemical and aeronautical engineering. In addition to conventional manufacturing (CM), additive manufacturing (AM) and remanufacturing (RM) can also be used in impeller production. This article presents a life cycle assessment method comparing the environmental impacts of different impeller manufacturing methods, including plunge milling (CM), laser cladding forming (AM combined with CM), and additive remanufacturing (RM). Results show that RM is the most environmentally favorable option, followed by AM and CM, in terms of global warming potential (GWP), Chinese resource depletion potential (CADP), water eutrophication potential (EP), and acidification potential. However, AM is not always more environmentally friendly than CM. The comparison of impeller production by CM and pure AM, in this case, indicates that the environmental burden of production using pure AM is approximately twice than that of CM. Compared with CM, the RM of impellers would reduce GWP, CADP, and EP by 64.7%, 66.1%, and 75.4%, respectively. The results of this study contribute to a scientific basis for the selection of manufacturing methods and the sustainable manufacturing of impeller production enterprises.
MNE Headquarters Disaggregation: The Formation Antecedents of Regional Management Centers
Authors: Schotter Andreas P. J. , Stallkamp Maximilian , Pinkham Brian C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis research examines region‐bound headquarters disaggregation in multinational enterprises (MNEs). We link the formation of regional management centres – both dedicated regional headquarters (RHQs) and regional management mandates (RMMs) granted to operating subsidiaries – to the complexity argument underlying organizational information processing theory. We demonstrate how different dimensions of complexity associated with the number and dispersion of an MNE's subsidiary network in a focal region affect whether, and in which form, region‐bound headquarters disaggregation takes place. Additionally, we consider boundary conditions affecting RMC formation based on within‐region experience, global MNE footprint, and between‐region effects. Empirically, we utilize a large global dataset of Japanese MNE foreign investments between 1992 and 2014, which allows us to perform event history analyses.
The Historicist Turn of Romantic‐Era Disability Studies, orFrankensteinin the Dark
Authors: Wang Fuson 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe field of disability studies has recently matured from its abstractly polemical origins to its current historicist orientation. This turn has allowed disability to become a key feature of mainstream contemporary literary scholarship. Romantic studies, though, has been relatively slow to adopt the new discourse. This essay offers a tentative explanation and a state‐of‐the‐nascent‐field assessment of Romantic‐era disability studies. Applying theory to practice, I show how both literary criticism and disability studies by themselves miss the point ofMary Shelley'sRomantic‐era novelFrankenstein(1818). For example, a literary critical approach reads the theme of blindness as a metaphor for a kind of paradoxical insight, whereas a disability studies reading takes umbrage at the exploitation of the blind for narrative gain. Moving past this ideological impasse requires a more synthetic discourse that leverages the historicist turn of disability studies to model a more honest interpretation. By positioning the novel against Enlightenment theories of blindness, I argue that Shelley offers a more nuanced account of abnormal embodiment than disability scholars have traditionally allowed.
Optimization of Structures Subject to Stochastic Dynamic Loading
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Spencer Billie F. , Lu Xilin , Chen Xinzhong , Lu Lei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStructural optimization has progressed substantially over the last half century. However, the literature on optimization of structures under random excitation is limited. This study provides a framework for structural optimization subject to stochastic dynamic loading. Illustrative examples of structures under nonstationary seismic and stationary wind loads are presented to demonstrate the procedure. Both safety and serviceability are considered concurrently. The objective function for safety is given in terms of both harmful interstory drift and harmful interstory drift angle; whereas for serviceability, the objective function is defined in terms of floor acceleration. Safety and serviceability are shown to be competing objectives under both seismic and wind excitation; however, the contrast is less under wind excitation. The proposed optimization framework provides a rational manner in which engineering design tradeoffs can be made between the two competing objectives.
Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum: a major constraint to banana, plantain and enset production in central and east Africa over the past decade
Authors: Nakato Valentine , Mahuku George , Coutinho Teresa 
Published: July 2017

SummaryTaxonomyBacteria; Phylum Proteobacteria; Class Gammaproteobacteria; Order Xanthomonadales; Family Xanthomonadaceae; Genus Xanthomonas; currently classified as X. campestris pv. musacearum (Xcm). However, fatty acid methyl ester analysis and genetic and genomic evidence suggest that this pathogen is X. vasicola and resides in a separate pathovar.Isolation and DetectionXcm can be isolated on yeast extract peptone glucose agar (YPGA), cellobiose cephalexin agar and yeast extract tryptone sucrose agar (YTSA) complemented with 5‐fluorouracil, cephalexin and cycloheximide to confer semi‐selectivity. Xcm can also be identified using direct antigen coating enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (DAC‐ELISA), species‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using GspDm primers and lateral flow devices that detect latent infections.Host rangeCauses Xanthomonas wilt on plants belonging to the Musaceae, primarily banana (Musa acuminata), plantain (M. acuminata × balbisiana) and enset (Ensete ventricosum).DiversityThere is a high level of genetic homogeneity within Xcm, although genome sequencing has revealed two major sublineages.SymptomsYellowing and wilting of leaves, premature fruit ripening and dry rot, bacterial exudate from cut stems.DistributionXcm has only been found in African countries, namely Burundi, Ethiopia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda.Ecology and EpidemiologyXcm is transmitted by insects, bats, birds and farming implements. Long‐distance dispersal of the pathogen is by the transportation of latently infected plants into new areas.ManagementThe management of Xcm has relied on cultural practices that keep the pathogen population at tolerable levels. Biotechnology programmes have been successful in producing resistant banana plants. However, the deployment of such genetic material has not as yet been achieved in farmers’ fields, and the sustainability of transgenic resistance remains to be addressed.
The nectar spur is not only a simple specialization for long‐proboscid pollinators
Authors: Vlašánková Anna , Padyšáková Eliška , Bartoš Michael , Mengual Ximo , Janečková Petra , Janeček Štěpán 
Published: July 2017

Summary

Since the time of Darwin, biologists have considered the floral nectar spur to be an adaptation representing a high degree of plant specialization. Nevertheless, some researchers suggest that nature is more complex and that even morphologically specialized plants attract a wide spectrum of visitors.

We observed visitors on Impatiens burtonii (Balsaminaceae) and measured the depth of the proboscis insertion into the spur, the distance of the nectar surface from the spur entrance and the visitor's effectiveness.

The hoverfly Melanostoma sp., with the shortest proboscis, was most active early in the morning and fed on pollen and nectar near the spur entrance. The honeybee Apis mellifera and the hoverfly Rhingia mecyana were the most frequent visitors before and after noon, respectively. Although R. mecyana, the only visitor able to reach the end of the spur, was the most frequent, it did not deposit the largest number of pollen grains per visit.

Nectar spurs may function as complex structures allowing pollination by both short‐ and long‐proboscid visitors and separating their spatial and temporal niches. Spurred plants should be considered as more generalized and exposed to more diverse selection pressures than previously believed.
Assessing the proposed association between DED and gluten‐free diet introduction in celiac children
Authors: de Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino , Arid Juliana , de Carvalho Fabrício Kitazono , da Silva Raquel Assed Bezerra , Küchler Erika Calvano , Sawamura Regina , da Silva Lea Assed Bezerra , Nelson‐Filho Paulo 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTA strong association between celiac disease (CD) and dental enamel defects (DEDs) have been extensively reported, however, the nature of this relationship is still unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate DEDs phenotype in CD individuals according to the time they were introduced to a gluten‐free diet (GFD). Forty‐five CD individuals were examined by a pediatric dentist. DEDs were classified according to the type of affected teeth. CD individuals were classified into two groups (with or without DEDs) and the differences between these groups were tested using chi‐square or Fisher´s exact tests and t‐test to compare differences between means. The Pearson coefficient test was used to evaluate the degree of the correlation between the age of GFD introduction and number of affected teeth. Individuals with MIH were introduced earlier to the GFD (p = 0.038). An association was also observed for molar DED (p = 0.013). In conclusion, our study suggested an association between a specific type of DED and the time that CD individuals were introduced to a GFD.
Parathyroidectomy—A last resort for hyperparathyroidism in dialysis patients
Authors: El‐Husseini Amr , Wang Kevin , Edon Adeleye Annick , Sawaya B. Peter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDespite advancements in the medical management of secondary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroidectomy is still necessarily in some patients. However, patients' selection, optimal surgical intervention and long‐term outcome are still not well‐defined and very challenging for the practicing nephrologists. In this manuscript we will attempt to answer several questions related to parathyroidectomy in dialysis patients. We will discuss the indications, the appropriate parathyroidectomy surgical techniques and current guidelines for parathyroidectomy. We will also discuss short‐ and long‐term outcome and analyze the pros and cons of the procedure. It is readily apparent that the performance of parathyroidectomy in dialysis patients should be highly individualized.
The demand for safe assets in emerging economies and global imbalances: New empirical evidence
Authors: Ahrend Rudiger , Saia Alessandro , Schwellnus Cyrille 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecent economic theory has singled out mismatches between the supply and the demand of safe financial assets in emerging countries as drivers of international capital flows and, ultimately, global current account imbalances. This paper assesses empirically the contribution of such “search for safe assets” to the size and composition of emerging economies’ international asset portfolios. Excess demand for safe assets in financially less‐developed countries would imply that these countries hold disproportionately high shares of their total portfolios in foreign assets. Moreover, financially less‐developed countries would hold disproportionately high shares of their foreign portfolios in financially developed countries, which are the major producers of ostensibly safe assets. This paper finds little empirical support for these predictions. Financially less‐developed countries allocate a larger proportion of their total holdings to domestic assets. Even when focusing on their foreign portfolios, there is no evidence of a general bias towards the assets of financially developed countries. Overall, asset mismatches do not appear to explain the asset allocation of financially less‐developed countries.
Newspaper coverage of human‐pig chimera research: A qualitative study on select media coverage of scientific breakthrough
Authors: Hagan‐Brown Abena , Favaretto Maddalena , Borry Pascal 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundA recently published article in the journal Cell by scientists from the Salk Institute highlighted the successful integration of stem cells from humans in pig embryos. This marks the first step toward the goal of growing human organs in animals for transplantation. There has, to date, been no research performed on the presentation of this breakthrough in the media. We thus assessed early newspaper coverage of the chimera study, looking into the descriptions as well as the benefits and concerns raised by the study mentioned by newspaper sources.MethodsWe looked at newspaper coverage of the human‐pig chimera study in the two weeks after the publication of the article describing the breakthrough in Cell. This time period spanned from January 26 to February 9, 2017. We used the LexisNexis Academic database and identified articles using the search string “hybrid OR chimera AND pig OR human OR embryo.” The relevant articles were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Two researchers openly coded the articles independently using themes that emerged from the raw texts.ResultsOur search yielded 31 unique articles, after extensive screening for relevance and duplicates. Through our analysis, we were able to identify several themes in a majority of the texts. Almost every article gave descriptive information about the chimera experiment with details about the study findings. All of the articles mentioned the benefits of the study, citing both immediate‐ and long‐term goals, which included creating transplantable human organs, disease and drug development, and personalized medicine, among others. Some of the articles highlighted some ethical, social, and health concerns that the study and its future implications pose. Many of the articles also offered reassurances over the concerns brought up by the experiment.ConclusionsOur results appeared to align with similar research performed on the media representation of sensitive scientific news coverage. We also explored the inconsistency between the tone of the titles and the articles that followed. However, it is still too early to speculate what impact the media will play in the public perception of this particular research.
Dogs on livestock farms: A cross‐sectional study investigating potential roles in zoonotic pathogen transmission
Authors: Moran N. E. , Ferketich A. K. , Wittum T. E. , Stull J. W. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryDogs are often present on livestock farms, where they serve important management and companion roles, yet may be involved in zoonotic pathogen transmission. Numerous factors can potentially alter the risk of exposure to zoonotic pathogens, such as the dog's access to livestock, close dog–human contact and an increasing immunocompromised human population. The objective of this study was to quantify and qualify dog ownership among livestock owners, their dog husbandry and biosecurity practices, the dogs’ access to livestock and potential risks for zoonotic pathogen transmission. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to 2,000 presumed Ohio livestock owners. Data were collected on demographics, dog husbandry practices, attitudes surrounding zoonotic diseases and attachment to and preventive veterinary care for the dogs. There were 446 responders who met the study inclusion criteria as an Ohio livestock farm owner, with 297 (67%) also owning dogs. Approximately 52% of dog‐owning households included at least one individual at higher disease risk (i.e., <5 years, ≥65 years, diagnosed with an immunocompromising condition). Most respondents had little/no concern for disease transmission from livestock to dogs (90%), from dogs to livestock (87%) and from dogs to people (94%). Dogs were allowed access to livestock by 70% of respondents and nearly all (96%; 198) indicated at least one higher risk dog–livestock management practice. In addition, many reported never leashing or fencing their dog (61%) and rarely to never picking up dog faeces (76%). Households with higher risk members reported similar husbandry, biosecurity and concern levels as households without those members (all p > .05). Numerous opportunities for zoonotic pathogen transmission and low level of zoonotic disease concern suggest a need for improved education and outreach for the livestock dog‐owning community, particularly for higher risk households.
Rapid onset pressor response to exercise in young women with a family history of hypertension
Authors: Matthews Evan L. , Greaney Jody L. , Wenner Megan M. 
Published: July 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
Alterations in blood pressure control at exercise onset are apparent in older adults with established cardiovascular disease. It is currently not known whether these alterations are evident in young adults with a family history of hypertension.

What is the main finding and its importance?
We demonstrate that young women with a family history of hypertension display a larger change in blood pressure within the first 10 s of isometric exercise. These data suggest altered blood pressure control in young women with a family history of hypertension.

Hypertensive adults demonstrate atypical increases in blood pressure (BP) and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) at the immediate onset of static muscle contraction. However, it is unknown whether these abnormal responses occur in young, otherwise healthy adults at risk for developing future disease, such as those with a family history of hypertension (+FH). We tested the hypothesis that +FH young women have exaggerated increases in BP and MSNA at the onset of static muscle contraction compared with those without a family history of hypertension (−FH). We retrospectively examined beat‐by‐beat BP and MSNA during the initial 30 s of isometric handgrip exercise (30% of maximal voluntary contraction) in 16 +FH (22 ± 2 years old, 22 ± 3 kg m−2) and 16 −FH (22 ± 3 years old, 22 ± 3 kg m−2) women. Resting mean arterial pressure (+FH 80 ± 11 mmHg versus −FH 84 ± 13 mmHg), MSNA burst frequency (+FH 7 ± 3 bursts min−1 versus −FH 9 ± 5 bursts min−1) and burst incidence [+FH 12 ± 4 bursts (100 heart beats)−1 versus −FH 12 ± 8 bursts (100 heart beats)−1] were similar between groups (all P > 0.05). Within the first 10 s of exercise, changes in mean arterial pressure (+FH Δ8 ± 6 mmHg versus −FH Δ3 ± 2 mmHg, P < 0.05) and heart rate (+FH Δ8 ± 5 beats min−1 versus −FH Δ4 ± 4 beats min−1, P < 0.05) were greater in +FH women. Absolute MSNA burst frequency during the first 30 s of exercise was not different between groups (−FH 7 ± 5 bursts min−1 versus +FH 9 ± 3 bursts min−1). Cardiovascular and sympathetic responses during the cold pressor test were not different between groups. These data demonstrate that young women at risk for developing cardiovascular disease exhibit greater changes in BP at the onset of static muscle contraction.
Congenital microcephaly in Quebec: baseline prevalence, risk factors and outcomes in a large cohort of neonates
Authors: Auger Nathalie , Quach Caroline , Healy-Profitós Jessica , Lowe Anne-Marie , Arbour Laura 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveWe assessed baseline prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of microcephaly in a large population of neonates.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingAll hospitals in the province of Quebec, Canada.Participants794 microcephalic and 1 944 010 non-microcephalic infants born between 1989 and 2012.Main outcome measuresBaseline prevalence of microcephaly and occurrence of other congenital anomalies. We estimated the association of (1) pregnancy risk factors including TORCH infections (toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes, other), exposure to teratogens, diabetes and maternal congenital anomalies with risk of microcephaly, and (2) microcephaly with risk of infant mortality and severe morbidity, adjusted for maternal characteristics.ResultsThe overall prevalence of microcephaly was 4.1 per 10 000, ranging between 3.0 and 5.3 per 10 000 over time. Only 37% of microcephalic infants presented with other congenital anomalies. Maternal infection during pregnancy was the strongest risk factor, with 32 times the risk of microcephaly (prevalence ratio 32.38; 95% CI 22.42 to 46.75) compared with no infection. Exposure to teratogens was the next most important risk factor, with three times greater risk (prevalence ratio 3.10; 95% CI 2.37 to 4.07). Microcephaly was associated with 20 times the risk of infant mortality compared with no microcephaly (prevalence ratio 20.52; 95% CI 15.57 to 27.04) and significantly greater infant morbidity.ConclusionsIn Canada, infectious exposure during pregnancy is a strong risk factor for microcephaly, and affected infants are at higher risk of poor birth outcomes. Better monitoring of microcephaly is needed in the event that Zika or other novel viruses affect future risk.
Risk of death among users of Proton Pump Inhibitors: a longitudinal observational cohort study of United States veterans
Authors: Xie Yan , Bowe Benjamin , Li Tingting , Xian Hong , Yan Yan , Al-Aly Ziyad 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used, and their use is associated with increased risk of adverse events. However, whether PPI use is associated with excess risk of death is unknown. We aimed to examine the association between PPI use and risk of all-cause mortality.DesignLongitudinal observational cohort study.SettingUS Department of Veterans Affairs.ParticipantsPrimary cohort of new users of PPI or histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2 blockers) (n=349 312); additional cohorts included PPI versus no PPI (n=3 288 092) and PPI versus no PPI and no H2 blockers (n=2 887 030).Main outcome measuresRisk of death.ResultsOver a median follow-up of 5.71 years (IQR 5.11–6.37), PPI use was associated with increased risk of death compared with H2 blockers use (HR 1.25, CI 1.23 to 1.28). Risk of death associated with PPI use was higher in analyses adjusted for high-dimensional propensity score (HR 1.16, CI 1.13 to 1.18), in two-stage residual inclusion estimation (HR 1.21, CI 1.16 to 1.26) and in 1:1 time-dependent propensity score-matched cohort (HR 1.34, CI 1.29 to 1.39). The risk of death was increased when considering PPI use versus no PPI (HR 1.15, CI 1.14 to 1.15), and PPI use versus no PPI and no H2 blockers (HR 1.23, CI 1.22 to 1.24). Risk of death associated with PPI use was increased among participants without gastrointestinal conditions: PPI versus H2 blockers (HR 1.24, CI 1.21 to 1.27), PPI use versus no PPI (HR 1.19, CI 1.18 to 1.20) and PPI use versus no PPI and no H2 blockers (HR 1.22, CI 1.21 to 1.23). Among new PPI users, there was a graded association between the duration of exposure and the risk of death.ConclusionsThe results suggest excess risk of death among PPI users; risk is also increased among those without gastrointestinal conditions and with prolonged duration of use. Limiting PPI use and duration to instances where it is medically indicated may be warranted.