bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Addictive behaviour and bariatric surgery: Case report and literature review
Authors: Pavez F. , López N. , Saura E. , Roca M. , García A. , Russo J. , Sánchez M. , Moral E. 
Published: May 2016

Even though the scientific evidence supports the benefits of bariatric surgery, its indications and contraindications must be continually revised in order to avoid psychiatric complications. Substance use is more common in patients subjected to bariatric surgery than in the general population. There are reports of increased incidence of alcohol abuse in patients after bariatric surgery.ObjectiveTo review the available evidence, after treat the case of a 50-year-old man with addiction history whose addictive behaviour worsened after undergoing bariatric surgery, with decreased tolerance to alcohol effect and increase of the intake, as well as changes in the graduation of alcohol used (including antiseptic). As a result, a dangerous revolving door that led him to repeated admissions, including Intensive Care Unit.ResultsThe case is consistent with the literature that suggests that there is an increased risk of later alcohol-related problems after bariatric surgery. This risk is higher several years post surgery, in patients with previous history of problems related to alcohol, young, men, and Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass procedure.ConclusionsThe indications for bariatric surgery should thoroughly consider the history of addiction, an adequate assessment of the patient's mental status and psychoeducation about the possible psychiatric side effects, in order to develop preventive strategies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Alcohol use disorder following traumatic brain injury: Lessons learned from bench to bedside
Authors: Santos G. , Lima C. , Vitória J. 
Published: May 2016

Introduction and objectivesTraumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in a variety of neuropsychiatric disturbances ranging from subtle deficits to severe intellectual and emotional disturbances, including cognitive impairments, mood and psychotic disorders and behavioral disturbances. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and TBI are closely related. The reward-mediated behaviors central to alcohol addiction seem to interact with the cognitive dysfunction of TBI. First, a significant proportion of patients with TBI have a history of alcohol abuse. Second, AUD might jeopardize TBI recovery and trigger or lower seizures threshold. Third, both AUD and TBI share a negative impact on mental functioning (from memory and cognitive performance to mood impairment). Finally, there is some limited and recent evidence that TBI can increase AUD in patients with no history of substance use prior to the injury, by disrupting incentive-motivation neurocircuitry.MethodsWe aim to present a 27-year-old Portuguese male patient without prior psychiatric history who developed AUD and epilepsy after TBI (from a work-related fall).ResultsAfter 3 years of treatment, the patient's hasn’t achieved abstinence. His treatment included pharmacological therapy with mood stabilizers, flufenazine injections and naltrexone, psychotherapy and rehabilitative interventions.ConclusionsGiven the sparse knowledge about this dual diagnosis, the approach of AUD after TBI is still challenging and the best treatment remains to be determined. Monitoring alcohol consumption should be considered in all patients presenting with TBI.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Calcium as a treatment option for alcohol dependence
Authors: Schuster R. , Koopmann A. , Kiefer F. 
Published: May 2016

In the last couple of decades anti-craving drugs have been developed. Acamprosate was described as an effective treatment option to support alcohol abstinence with a low side effect profile. Moreover its molecular mode of action is highly controversial. Recently, calcium salt was described to be the active part of Acamprosate.Using a clinical sample of placebo (n = 10) vs. Acamprosate-treated (n = 19) abstinent alcohol-dependent patients, we measured calcium plasma concentrations after the 1st, 2nd and 3rd month after the treatment commenced. Before treatment, the same physiological calcium concentration of about 2.4 mmol/l was found in both groups respectively. We found significant correlations in the Acamprosate group while no correlations in the placebo group were observed.The very well regulated extracellular calcium serum concentration seems to get out of balance in association with the severity of alcohol dependence in inpatients during withdrawal.Accordingly, in another clinical sample (n = 57) we found a negative correlation between calcium serum concentration and craving (r2= 0.125; P = 0.011) on day 1 of detoxification. The measurement of craving was carried out by a self-rating scale, the Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale (OCDS). Furthermore a low calcium level correlated with high breathalyser readings and the number of alcohol inpatient detoxification's.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Chronic psychiatric changes in a severe post-traumatic brain injury patient
Authors: Silva J. , Mota J. , Azevedo P. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionSevere traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes neuropsychiatric disturbances. Emotional and personality disturbances seem to cause much more seriously handicap than residual cognitive or physical disabilities. The prognosis may be poor associated with marked social impairment, so a multidisciplinary approach team is required in order to improve patient's quality of life and reintegration in family and society.ObjectivesTo summarize the latest literature about this field and to present a case report.AimTo explore and learn more about chronic psychiatric changes in severe post-traumatic brain injury and share with the scientific community how challenging the approach of this entity can be.MethodsA brief review of the latest literature was performed, using PubMed and the keywords “traumatic brain injury” and “psychiatric changes”. A case report is presented.ResultsAlthough SSRI, benzodiazepines, mood stabilizers and antipsychotics are commonly used, new options are reported such as methylphenidate and cholinesterase inhibitors. The presented patient, a 27-year-old male, began with neuropsychiatric disturbances after a work-related fall from 9 meters high: convulsions and alcohol compulsive drinking. Three years have passed and his changes are still difficult to approach. Besides other medication, such as benzodiazepines and mood stabilizers, flufenazine injections and naltrexone seemed to be determinant in his behaviour and mood stabilization. He is also on a long-term alcoholism programme.ConclusionsAlthough the understanding of TBI-associated neuropsychiatric disorders has improved in the last decade, further research is needed, such as randomized-controlled studies to study new pharmacological and non-pharmacological approach.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Problem-solving appraisal as mediator, moderator and predictor of smoking-abstinence effects
Authors: Soliman A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThere are extensive investigations explaining smoking abstinence effect, yet little is known about the cognitive and metacognitive mechanisms that underlie the severity of smoking abstinence effects. Several studies reported that that problem-solving appraisal is associated with psychological maladaptive behaviors, such as depression, anxiety.ObjectivesExamining the role of problem-solving appraisal as mediator, moderator and/or predictor of the severity of withdrawal symptoms and probably relapse.AimsStudying the role of problem-solving appraisal in the severity of smoking abstinence withdrawal symptoms.MethodsThe present study utilized a two-group pretest and posttest design to examine the mediating, moderating and predicting role of problem-appraisal of smoking-abstinence effects. A total of 92 adult men smokers were administered the problem-solving inventory (PSI-Ar) as well as several self-report measures of most reported smoking abstinence effects (pre-test), and then were asked to stop smoking for 48 h and administered again the same measures except the PSI-Ar (post-test).ResultsThe results revealed that problem-solving appraisal acts as a possible mediator and predictor but not moderator of the severity of smoking-abstinence effects. The individuals with who appraised themselves as ineffective problem solvers have shown more sever abstinence effects i.e. somatization, depression, general anxiety, panic, mood states, smoking urges, insomnia and habitual sleep duration.ConclusionsProblem-solving appraisal plays a key role in severity of smoking-abstinence effects by means of mediating the relationship between abstinence effects before and after smoking abstinence. The findings are discussed in the context of future research and possible intervention recommendations.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Differences between countries in adult acute psychiatric hospitalization: Clinical features and drug prescription in Spain and the United States of America
Authors: Gonzalez-Blanco L. , Bestene-Medina S. , Torio-Ojea E. , Abad-Acebedo I. , Rodriguez-Revuelta J. , Paniagua-Calzon G. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionDiverse prescription patterns and differences in length of psychiatry inpatient stay among European and American countries have been reported [1,2].ObjectivesTo describe and compare clinical features and drug prescriptions in two Acute Psychiatric Units from Spain and USA.MethodsCross-sectional and comparative study. Sample: 73 inpatients from Reno (USA-Inpatients) and 65 from Oviedo (Spain-Inpatients) admitted to public Adult Acute Psychiatric Unit over a two-month period. Sociodemographic/clinical data and drug prescription were collected.ResultsSociodemographic/clinical comparison (Table 1) and drug prescription differences (Table 2) are shown.No significant differences in antipsychotics’ prescription except for the most frequently used [risperidone in Spain (36%)/ziprasidone in US (19.6%), Chi2 = 39.7**].Conclusions(A) Psychiatric inpatients in US are younger, have longer hospitalization, show more comorbid substance use disorder and differ from Spanish inpatients in frequency of diagnostic categories (schizophrenic disorders represent a larger proportion).(B) Inpatients in Spain usually receive polytherapy, and are more frequently treated with antidepressants and anxiolytics, especially benzodiazepines. In contrast, USA-Inpatients take lithium more often [1,2].Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Metacognitive factors in a sample of Greek alcohol dependent patients
Authors: Stefanatou P. , Giannouli E. , Tsellos P. , Antonopoulou Z. , Paparrigopoulos T. , Ermiliou V. , Typaldou M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe harmful use of alcohol causes a large disease, social and economic burden in societies. Metacognition is a complex concept referring to the cognitive control and regulation of many types of cognitive processes.ObjectivesMetacognitions are considered to be an important factor in the development and continuance of psychological disorders.AimsThe purpose of this study is to examine the probable relations between alcohol abuse and Metacognitions with the Metacognitions Questionaire – 30 (MCQ-30).MethodTwenty-three men and 16 women, aged between 22 and 64 years, inpatients in Eginition Hospital, due to alcohol dependence, completed the Greek-Version of the MCQ-30.ResultsThe mean total scores of alcoholics were higher than the ones of the healthy subjects. Namely, the group of the alcohol abused patients presented a higher score in comparison with the normal group in three of the five metacognitive dimensions. Additionally, alcoholic men outscored alcoholic women in two of the five factors. Specifically, alcoholic men appeared to be less confident about their memory and attention than alcoholic women. Furthermore, alcoholic men, compared to alcoholic women claimed in a significant greater level that worrying helped them to function.ConclusionsThe above findings suggest that metacognitions could play a role in the orientation and maintenance of alcoholic abuse behavior. Moreover, these results may pose the question of whether these metacognitive beliefs could be seen as an indicator of differentiating alcoholic men from women. Overall, further research could provide additional information concerning the relation between Metacognitions and alcoholic dependence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Respiratory panic disorder in acute clonazepam treatment and long-term follow-up
Authors: Nardi A. , Freire R.C. , Machado S. , Amrein R. 
Published: May 2016

Objectiveto describe with prospective methodology the therapeutic response to clonazepam in the respiratory panic disorder (PD) subtype versus the non-respiratory subtype in a long-term follow-up.MethodsA total of 67 PD outpatients (DSM-IV) were previously divided into respiratory (n = 35) and non-respiratory (n = 32) subtypes and then openly treated with clonazepam for 8 weeks. Those who responded were then treated for 3 years. Demographic and clinical features were compared in the two groups. The instruments used to evaluate response were the Clinical Global Impression, the Sheehan Panic and Anticipatory Anxiety Scale, and the Panic Disorder Severity Scale.ResultsIn the first 8 weeks of treatment (acute phase), the respiratory subtype had a significantly faster response on all the major scales. During the follow-up and at the end of the study (week 156), there was no difference in the scale scores, and the reduction in panic attacks from baseline to end-point did not differ significantly between the two groups. After the acute phase treatment, the patients could undergo psychotherapy. In the respiratory subtype, the disorder had a later onset, was associated with a high familial history of anxiety disorder. The non-respiratory subtype had significantly more previous depressive episodes. Clonazepam had a safe adverse event profile during both phases of treatment.ConclusionThe respiratory PD subtype had a faster response to treatment with clonazepam at 8 weeks than did the non-respiratory subtype and an equivalent response after 6 months of treatment. The response of clonazepam is clearly maintained during the long-term follow-up.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical staging in panic disorder and agoraphobia
Authors: Pavlichenko A. 
Published: May 2016

There is an increasing literature about the implementation of the staging model in many mental disorders. According to this approach, there are four stages of a psychiatric disorder: prodromal stage, acute manifestations, residual phase, chronic. In this study, we empirically investigate whether additional clinical variables such as clinical manifestations and comorbid disorders may be useful to modify the staging model to panic disorder (PD).We distinguished inpatient sample (n = 79) with a diagnosis of “panic disorder” according to the DSM-IV criteria. We propose that the inclusion of prodromal stage of PD does not make clinical sense since the different unspecific neurotic symptoms may proceed to a variety of anxiety and depressive disorders. First stage was characterized by the situationally predisposed panic attacks (PA) with both somatic and cognitive symptoms. Comorbid disorders included somatoform disorders and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). During second stage individuals experienced agoraphobic avoidance until traveling in public transport. On the other hand, spontaneous PA were accompanied by the only somatic but not cognitive symptoms. The most common patterns of comorbidity were GAD and alcohol misuse. Third stage was associated with the absence or limited symptom attacks and chronic agoraphobia. Major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder might be an integral part of the clinical manifestations. This study supports that the staging model in PD might be updated by the detailed description of clinical manifestations and comorbid disorders at each stage that may help the practitioners to choose the best strategy for the treatment of a particular patient.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Use of lithium in acute mania in adolescents
Authors: Aksoy Poyraz C. , Özdemir A. , Günay G. , poyraz B.Ç. , Enginkaya S. , Karaçetin G. , Tomruk N. 
Published: May 2016

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the use of lithium followed recommended practice in acutely manic adolescent inpatients. This study was a 12-month retrospective review of patients with manic episode admitted to Bakırköy Mazhar Osman Mental Health and Neurological Diseases Education and Research Hospital. Length of stay, medication data, serum levels and adverse effects were recorded for patients who started lithium treatment within average of 7 days of admission (n = 52). Average length of stay was 23.63 (SD = 17.6). The maximum dose prescribed within 24 h of starting treatment was 721.15 mg (SD = 239.5). The maximum daily dose was reached in an average of 7 days to 1136.5 mg (SD = 336.4). The average time after starting treatment until the first recorded serum level was 5 days. The average serum level reached was 0.5 mEq/L (SD = 0.22), which was raised to 0.6 mEq/L (SD = 0.3) at discharge with an average daily dose of 1038.46 mg (SD = 460). In 8 admissions (15.4%), one adverse effect was recorded that could have been related to lithium treatment but adverse events did not lead to discontinuation of drug. The literature supports that rapidly attained high serum levels are associated with positive outcomes. In this current study, clinicians used a relatively slow dose titration and lower serum levels were obtained suggesting that lithium was not considered as a primary agent for treating mania. Taking advantage of lithium especially for the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder and tolerability may have driven these findings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Emotional intelligence in bipolar disorder
Authors: Chapela E. , Quintero J. , Félix-Alcántara M. , Morales I. , Javier C. , Jorge G.A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionEmotional intelligence is defined as the ability to process, understand and manage emotions. In bipolar disorder seem to be more conserved, with less functional impairment than other severe mental disorders as schizophrenia. So far, there are few studies analyzing emotional intelligence in bipolar disorder.ObjectiveThe objective of this research is to better understand the different characteristics and the factors affecting these social-cognitive dysfunctions in bipolar disorder.AimsTo explore possible factors related to emotional intelligence in these severe mental disorders: symptoms, cognitive functioning, quality of life and psychosocial function.Material and methodsTwenty-six adults bipolar type I patients were examined using MSCEIT (the most validated test for emotional intelligence), BPRS, YMRS, HDRS, WAIS-IV, TMT and Rey Figure in order to determine the level of emotional intelligence and factors relate.ResultsBipolar patients show lack of emotional intelligence when compared with general population. Cognitive impairment and age are the principal factors related.DiscussionResults are discussed and compared with recent literature.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Insight in bipolar disorder through the course of manic episode and its clinical correlates
Authors: Ince E. , Aksoy-Poyraz C. , Arikan M.K. , Poyraz B.C. , Turan S. , Sakalli-Kani A. , Aydin E. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionInsight is a well-documented phenomenon for psychotic disorders. It has been studied extensively in schizophrenia and its association with clinical outcomes has drawn increased attention. Although less is known for affective disorders, recent studies point out that impaired insight in bipolar disorder may take part in patients’ overall well-being.AimsExploring the main components of insight in psychiatry, particularly in bipolar disorder.ObjectivesWith this study, we wanted to examine how clinical and cognitive insights change in patients with bipolar disorder through their hospitalization period and how they correlate with symptom severity and neuropsychological functioning.MethodsIn this prospective study, inpatients with bipolar I disorder who were presented by manic episode with psychotic features were included. The patients were assessed with Young Mania Rating Scale, Beck Cognitive Insight Scale, Schedule for the Assessment of Insight-Expanded Version (SAI-E) and a neuropsychological test battery both at the time of admission and discharge.ResultsAs of October 2015, a total number of 20 patients with bipolar I disorder participated in the study. Preliminary results revealed a significant improvement in the total score of clinical insight, which was measured with SAI-E by the time of discharge (P = 0.001). This transition was strongly correlated with the decrease in symptom severity (P = 0.006, r = −0.61). Improved clinical insight exhibited significant correlation with the increase in patients’ memory span (P = 0.007, r = −0.596).ConclusionThe preliminary results suggest that changes in symptom severity and working memory might be the determinants of improvement in clinical insight of inpatients with bipolar disorder through manic episode.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Thyroid dysfunction in inpatients with affective disorders
Authors: Leitão Moreira A.M. , Pacheco Alves R. , Lazaro M. , Mota A.M. , Nobre M.A. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThyroid dysfunction has been linked to psychiatric disorders, particularly to affective disorders. Moreover, aging of the population receiving mental health care leads to an increased epidemiological risk of thyroid disease.ObjectivesAssess the prevalence of abnormal thyroid function, and its correlations to clinical factors, in an acute psychiatric inpatients ward dedicated to affective disorders.AimsReflect on the clinical relevance of thyroid function screening on admission in mental health care.MethodsRetrospective, descriptive study, concerning inpatient episodes from a 12 month period (January to December 2015) in a ward dedicated to affective disorders, in a tertiary psychiatric hospital.ResultsThe prevalence of thyroid dysfunction across all psychiatric diagnostic groups was 11%. Preliminary data has shown higher prevalence in non-elderly women with personality disorder as a main diagnosis (30%, P = 0.017). Only women were under thyroid replacement therapy, which was significantly more prevalent in those diagnosed with bipolar disorder.ConclusionThe relatively high prevalence of thyroid dysfunction underlines the relevance of its screening in mental health inpatients. Our results were consistent with the known epidemiology of thyroid disease. Correlations with bipolar and personality disorder were noted, which can contribute to improve the understanding of clinical-epidemiological relationships between thyroid disease and specific psychiatric disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.