bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal early‐life trauma alters amygdala connectivity and sustained attention performance
Authors: Fortenbaugh Francesca C. , Corbo Vincent , Poole Victoria , McGlinchey Regina , Milberg William , Salat David , DeGutis Joseph , Esterman Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionInterpersonal early life trauma (I‐ELT) is associated with a myriad of functional impairments in adulthood, increased risk of drug addiction, and neuropsychiatric disorders. While deficits in emotional regulation and amygdala functioning are well characterized, deficits in general cognitive functioning have also been documented. However, the neural underpinnings of cognitive dysfunction in adults with a history of I‐ELT and the potential relationship between amygdala‐based functional connectivity and behavioral performance are currently poorly understood. This study examined how I‐ELT affects the cognitive and neural mechanisms supporting sustained attention.MethodsA total of 66 Veterans (18 with and 48 without a history of I‐ELT) completed a nonemotional sustained attention task during functional MRI.ResultsThe individuals with I‐ELT showed significant impairments in sustained attention (i.e., higher error rates, greater response variability). This cohort exhibited increased amygdala functional connectivity with the prefrontal cortex and decreased functional connectivity with the parahippocampal gyrus when compared to those without I‐ELT. These connections were significantly correlated with individual differences in sustained attention performance. Notably, classification analyses revealed that the pattern of amygdala connectivity across the whole brain was able to classify I‐ELT status with 70% accuracy.ConclusionThese results provide evidence of a lasting negative impact for those with a history of I‐ELT on sustained attention ability. They also highlight a critical role for amygdala functioning in cognitive control and sustained attention for those with a history of I‐ELT, which may underlie the observed attention deficits in clinical assessments and cognitive tests involving both emotional and nonemotional stimuli.
Strategy‐based reasoning training modulates cortical thickness and resting‐state functional connectivity in adults with chronic traumatic brain injury
Authors: Han Kihwan , Davis Rebecca A. , Chapman Sandra B. , Krawczyk Daniel C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionPrior studies have demonstrated training‐induced changes in the healthy adult brain. Yet, it remains unclear how the injured brain responds to cognitive training months‐to‐years after injury.MethodsSixty individuals with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) were randomized into either strategy‐based (N = 31) or knowledge‐based (N = 29) training for 8 weeks. We measured cortical thickness and resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) before training, immediately posttraining, and 3 months posttraining.ResultsRelative to the knowledge‐based training group, the cortical thickness of the strategy‐based training group showed diverse temporal patterns of changes over multiple brain regions (pvertex < .05, pcluster < .05): (1) increases followed by decreases, (2) monotonic increases, and (3) monotonic decreases. However, network‐based statistics (NBS) analysis of rsFC among these regions revealed that the strategy‐based training group induced only monotonic increases in connectivity, relative to the knowledge‐based training group (|Z| > 1.96, pNBS < 0.05). Complementing the rsFC results, the strategy‐based training group yielded monotonic improvement in scores for the trail‐making test (p < .05). Analyses of brain–behavior relationships revealed that improvement in trail‐making scores were associated with training‐induced changes in cortical thickness (pvertex < .05, pcluster < .05) and rsFC (pvertex < .05, pcluster < .005) within the strategy‐based training group.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that training‐induced brain plasticity continues through chronic phases of TBI and that brain connectivity and cortical thickness may serve as markers of plasticity.
Analysis of Hydrocolloids in Crystalline Material
Authors: Herfurth Julia , Ulrich Joachim 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAdditives in foods are a commonly applied tool to optimize the product in terms of appearance, handling, quality, and production process. Such additives are ingredients which can change, e.g., the texture within the product and can also influence other main components in a formulation. It is demonstrated that the use of hydrocolloids as texturants in sweets influences the layer formation of crystallized sucrose for coating purposes. An incorporation of hydrocolloids in the crystalline materials changes the storage stability since the produced coated gels lose water, the so‐called syneresis. It is necessary to achieve a pure crystallized sugar layer and, therefore, to develop a tool to control the production process. A successful analysis of hydrocolloids, e.g., of gelatin, agar or carrageenans, in crystallized sucrose was performed by means of precipitation and coloring methods.
Exploring Step‐by‐Step Assembly of Nanoparticle:Cytochrome Biohybrid Photoanodes
Authors: Hwang Ee Taek , Orchard Katherine L. , Hojo Daisuke , Beton Joseph , Lockwood Colin W. J. , Adschiri Tadafumi , Butt Julea N. , Reisner Erwin , Jeuken Lars J. C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCoupling light‐harvesting semiconducting nanoparticles (NPs) with redox enzymes has been shown to create artificial photosynthetic systems that hold promise for the synthesis of solar fuels. High quantum yields require efficient electron transfer from the nanoparticle to the redox protein, a property that can be difficult to control. Here, we have compared binding and electron transfer between dye‐sensitized TiO2 nanocrystals or CdS quantum dots and two decaheme cytochromes on photoanodes. The effect of NP surface chemistry was assessed by preparing NPs capped with amine or carboxylic acid functionalities. For the TiO2 nanocrystals, binding to the cytochromes was optimal when capped with a carboxylic acid ligand, whereas for the CdS QDs, better adhesion was observed for amine capped ligand shells. When using TiO2 nanocrystals, dye‐sensitized with a phosphonated bipyridine Ru(II) dye, photocurrents are observed that are dependent on the redox state of the decaheme, confirming that electrons are transferred from the TiO2 nanocrystals to the surface via the decaheme conduit. In contrast, when CdS NPs are used, photocurrents are not dependent on the redox state of the decaheme, consistent with a model in which electron transfer from CdS to the photoanode bypasses the decaheme protein. These results illustrate that although the organic shell of NPs nanoparticles crucially affects coupling with proteinaceous material, the coupling can be difficult to predict or engineer.
Reduced rate of human papillomavirus infection and genetic overtransmission of TP53 72C polymorphic variant lower cervical cancer incidence
Authors: Alsbeih Ghazi A. , Al‐Harbi Najla M. , Bin Judia Sara S. , Khoja Hatim A. , Shoukri Mohamed M. , Tulbah Asma M. 
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUNDCervical cancer is a predominantly human papillomavirus (HPV)‐driven disease worldwide. However, its incidence is unexplainably low in western Asia, including Saudi Arabia. Using this paradigm, we investigated the role of HPV infection rate and host genetic predisposition in TP53 G72C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) presumed to affect cancer incidence.METHODSPatients treated between 1990 and 2012 were reviewed, and a series of 232 invasive cervical cancer cases were studied and compared with 313 matched controls without cancer. SNP was genotyped by way of direct sequencing. HPV linear array analysis was used to detect and genotype HPV in tumor samples.RESULTSThe incidence of cervical cancer revealed bimodal peaks at 42.5 years, with a slighter rebound at 60.8 years. Among all cases, 77% were HPV‐positive and 16 HPV genotypes were detected—mostly genotypes 16 (75%) and 18 (9%)—with no difference by age, histology, or geographical region. Although the TP53 G72C genotype was not associated with overall cervical cancer risk, it was significantly associated with HPV positivity (odds ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.36‐0.90; P = .016). Furthermore, the variant C allele was significantly overtransmitted in the population (P < .0003).CONCLUSIONCervical cancer incidence displays bimodal curve peaking at a young age with secondary rebound at older age. The combination of relative low HPV infection and variant TP53 72C allele overtransmission provide a plausible explanation for the low incidence of cervical cancer in our population. Therefore, HPV screening and host SNP genotyping may provide more relevant biomarkers to gauge the risk of developing cervical cancer. Cancer 2017;123:2459–66. © 2017 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
The brain of the tree pangolin (Manis tricuspis). I. General appearance of the central nervous system
Authors: Imam Aminu , Ajao Moyosore S. , Bhagwandin Adhil , Ihunwo Amadi O. , Manger Paul R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHere, we describe the superficial appearance of the brain of the rarely studied tree pangolin. Phylogenetic analyses have placed the pangolins, order Pholidota, as a sister group to the order Carnivora. The majority of features visible on the surface of the tree pangolin brain, and its overall appearance can be described as typically mammalian. The pattern of sulci and gyri, while simple, appears very similar to that observed in carnivores. Two derived features of the Pholidota were observed, the first being the rostral decussation of the pyramidal tract, which instead of occurring at the spinomedullary junction, decussates at the level of the caudal pole of the facial nerve nucleus in the rostral medulla oblongata. This appears to be related to the need for voluntary control of the tongue, with a potentially enlarged corticobulbar tract ending in the hypoglossal nucleus. The second derived feature is the very short spinal cord, which terminates midway along the thoracic vertebrae before giving rise to a long and extensive cauda equina. This foreshortened spinal cord appears to be related to anisotropic growth of the somatic and neural elements following early development of the central nervous system. The olfactory system appears to be generally enlarged and is likely the predominant sense used in foraging. Vision and hearing do not appear specialized based on the relative size of the superior and inferior colliculi, but potential somatic specializations indicate that the somatosensory system is heavily relied upon for food consumption and prehensile tail usage.
Neuron–Material Nanointerfaces: Surface Nanotopography Governs Neuronal Differentiation and Development
Authors: Kim Hoon Kee , Kim Eunha , Jang Hongje , Kim Young‐Kwan , Kang Kyungtae 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis review summarizes recent experimental results regarding the influences of surface nanotopography on stem cell differentiation into neurons and neuronal development. Collections of observations and their interpretations are provided. We specifically focus on the in vivo implications of the results, by suggesting that: (i) neural cells use their intracellular machineries to actively recognize surface nanotopography; (ii) the preferential differentiation of stem cells into neurons and the developmental acceleration of neurons occur on a range of similar nanotopographical features, implying that they have similar biological backgrounds; and (iii) surface nanotopography, therefore, is deeply involved in brain development. We believe that this review will provide biological insights to the field of nano–neuron interfaces and encourage interdisciplinary efforts capable of addressing unsolved biological problems and increasing engineering needs.
Electrocatalysis of Furfural Oxidation Coupled with H2 Evolution via Nickel‐Based Electrocatalysts in Water
Authors: Jiang Nan , Liu Xin , Dong Jinmei , You Bo , Liu Xuan , Sun Yujie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractElectrocatalytic water splitting has been widely considered as a promising approach to produce clean H2. The anodic half reaction of water splitting, the O2 evolution reaction (OER), is the kinetic bottleneck of the overall process and its product O2 is not of high value. Herein, we report a novel strategy to replace OER with a thermodynamically more favorable anodic reaction, furfural oxidation to 2‐furoic acid. Furfural is one of the dehydration products of biomass and its oxidation product 2‐furoic acid has many industrial applications. A bifunctional electrocatalyst of Ni2P‐derived arrays on nickel foam (Ni2P/Ni/NF) was developed for the integrated electrocatalysis of both furfural oxidation and H2 production. When Ni2P/Ni/NF acts as the electrocatalyst for both anode and cathode, nearly 100 % Faradaic efficiencies for H2 evolution and furfural oxidation were obtained. Such an integrated electrolysis catalyzed by Ni2P/Ni/NF required an applied voltage ≈110 mV smaller than that of pure water splitting to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm−2, together with robust stability. Overall, our novel electrolyzer produced valuable products at both electrodes (H2 at cathode and 2‐furoic acid at anode) and may extend to the coupling of H2 evolution with many other valuable organic oxidation reactions.
Randomized, Blinded, Placebo‐ and Positive‐Controlled Crossover Study to Determine the Effect of Deferiprone on the QTc Interval in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Fradette Caroline , Rozova Anna , Stilman Anne , Tsang Yu Chung , Allison Mark J. , Tricta Fernando 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study evaluated whether deferiprone, an oral iron chelator, acts to prolong the QT interval. Fifty healthy volunteers received single doses of each of the following: therapeutic dose of deferiprone (33 mg/kg), supratherapeutic dose (50 mg/kg), placebo, or moxifloxacin, a positive control known to significantly prolong QT interval. Following each dose, subjects underwent cardiac monitoring, pharmacokinetics assessments, and safety assessments. Based on the QT interval obtained using the Fridericia correction for heart rate (QTcF), the upper bound of the 1‐sided 95% confidence interval of the mean difference between deferiprone and placebo was <10 milliseconds (the threshold of concern defined by authorities) at all time points for both doses: maximum difference of 3.01 milliseconds for the therapeutic dose and 5.23 milliseconds for the supratherapeutic dose. The difference in dQTcF between moxifloxacin and placebo demonstrated that the study was adequately sensitive to detect a significant prolongation of QTcF. The concentration‐response correlation analyses revealed some weak but statistically significant trends of increase in dQTcF and ddQTcF with increasing exposure to deferiprone, but these trends should have no clinical consequence even at the recommended maximum dosage. In conclusion, there was no clinically meaningful effect on QTc interval following single therapeutic or supratherapeutic doses of deferiprone.
CRISPR/Cas9‐Mediated Gene Knockout in the Mouse Brain Using In Utero Electroporation
Authors: Shinmyo Yohei , Kawasaki Hiroshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis unit describes a highly efficient and rapid procedure for brain‐specific disruption of genes in the developing mouse brain using pX330 plasmids expressing humanized Cas9 and single‐guide RNAs (sgRNAs) against target genes. The pX330 plasmids are delivered into the rodent brain using in utero electroporation. Focusing on the Satb2 gene, which encodes an AT‐rich DNA‐binding transcription factor, we found that the introduction of pX330‐Satb2 induced insertion/deletion (indel) mutations near the predicted cleavage site in the Satb2 gene, resulting in a dramatic reduction of Satb2 expression in post‐mitotic neurons. Moreover, introduction of pX330‐Satb2 induced abnormalities in axonal projection patterns, which was consistent with the phenotypes observed in Satb2 mutant mice. Thus, the procedure described here, combining the CRISPR/Cas9 system and in utero electroporation, is useful for knocking out genes of interest in the living rodent brain. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fluorescence Microscopy: A Concise Guide to Current Imaging Methods
Authors: Combs Christian A. , Shroff Hari 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe field of fluorescence microscopy is rapidly growing and offers ever more imaging capabilities for biologists. Over the past decade, many new technologies and techniques have been developed that allow for combinations of deeper, faster, and higher resolution imaging. These have included the commercialization of many super‐resolution and light sheet fluorescence microscopy techniques. For the non‐expert, it can be difficult to match the best imaging techniques to biological questions. Picking the most appropriate imaging modality requires a basic understanding of the underlying physics governing each of them, as well as information comparing potentially competing imaging properties in the context of the sample to be imaged. To address these issues, we provide here concise descriptions of a wide range of commercially available imaging techniques from wide‐field to super‐resolution microscopy, and provide a tabular guide to aid in comparisons among them. In this manner we provide a concise guide to understanding and matching the correct imaging modality to meet research needs. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The Relationship between Femininity and Sustainability Reporting
Authors: Gallén María L. , Peraita Carlos 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMost research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure and stakeholder engagement with sustainable development has focused on the internal factors of corporations, leaving aside the characteristics of the institutional, cultural, and economic context of the country where corporations operate. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of femininity in the disclosure of sustainability information based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines at a developed country context. We use three measures of the CSR information disclosure by country: the GRI reports per million of inhabitants, the GRI reports application level, and the percentage of GRI reports with external assurance. The results of this study show that countries with higher femininity orientation provide a higher quantity of sustainability reports, but do not provide higher quality sustainability reports. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Longevity is associated with relative brain size in birds
Authors: Minias Piotr , Podlaszczuk Patrycja 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBrain size of vertebrates has long been recognized to evolve in close association with basic life‐history traits, including lifespan. According to the cognitive buffer hypothesis, large brains facilitate the construction of behavioral responses against novel socioecological challenges through general cognitive processes, which should reduce mortality and increase lifespan. While the occurrence of brain size–lifespan correlation has been well documented in mammals, much less evidence exists for a robust link between brain size and longevity in birds. The aim of this study was to use phylogenetically controlled comparative approach to test for the relationship between brain size and longevity among 384 avian species from 23 orders. We used maximum lifespan and maximum reproductive lifespan as the measures of longevity and accounted for a set of possible confounding effects, such as allometry, sampling effort, geographic patterns, and life‐history components (clutch size, incubation length, and mode of development). We found that both measures of longevity positively correlated with relative (residual) brain size. We also showed that major diversification of brain size preceded diversification of longevity in avian evolution. In contrast to previous findings, the effect of brain size on longevity was consistent across lineages with different development patterns, although the relatively low strength of this correlation could likely be attributed to the ubiquity of allomaternal care associated with the altricial mode of development. Our study indicates that the positive relationship between brain size and longevity in birds may be more general than previously thought.
Does leaf litter from invasive plants contribute the same support of a stream ecosystem function as native vegetation?
Authors: Kuglerová Lenka , García Liliana , Pardo Isabel , Mottiar Yaseen , Richardson John S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRiparian habitats are highly susceptible to invasion and the spread of non‐native plants. Many freshwater organisms and processes are dependent on allochthonous subsidies, and thus, riparian invasions are often associated with changes in aquatic ecosystems. We studied the potential effects of riparian plant invasions on instream decomposition and detritivore communities. We compared decomposition rates (k) of leaf litter from species native and invasive to coastal British Columbia, and the macroinvertebrate assemblages associated with the local and novel resource subsidy. Five native and five invasive species of riparian plants representing various growth forms (i.e., herbs, shrubs, and trees) were used in a litter bag experiment. Litter bags were distributed in stream‐side experimental channels, ensuring similarity in background environmental conditions (substrate, flow, and temperature). Compared to native litter, the k‐values of invasive plants were 2.6 times higher for herbs and 1.3 times higher for trees, while shrubs did not differ. Shrubs also decomposed significantly slower than trees and herbs. These patterns could be partially explained by the chemical properties of the litter. Throughout the whole experiment, decomposition rates were negatively related to the content of structural carbohydrates which tended to be higher in native leaves of herbs and shrubs. The k‐values also had positive relationships with nitrogen content measured in the unconditioned and conditioned litter, and invasive plant species had some of the highest values of leaf nitrogen. We found no significant relationships between decomposition rates and the lignin content of the conditioned and unconditioned leaf litter. Taxonomic richness of all aquatic macroinvertebrates and densities of all aquatic macroinvertebrates and shredders were significantly higher on the invasive litter incubated for 21 but not for 53 d. Finally, richness of shredders explained the highest proportion of the variance in decomposition rates, when compared to other biological (all macroinvertebrate densities and richness) and litter chemistry variables. Our results indicate that riparian plant invasions are associated with changes in aquatic litter decomposition; however, the direction of the change is largely dependent on litter quality and plant identity rather than growth form or exotic status.