bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of CLIGEN Parameter Adjustment Methods for Southeastern Australia and Southwestern Western Australia
Authors: Vaghefi Parshin , Yu Bofu 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Global climate models (GCMs) are usually used for future climate projections. Model output from GCMs needs to be downscaled and stochastic weather generators such as Climate Generator (CLIGEN) are tools to downscale GCM output and to produce synthetic weather sequences that are statistically similar to the observed weather data. Two methods of adjusting CLIGEN parameters were developed to reproduce precipitation sequences for southeastern Australia (SEA), where significant changes in annual precipitation had occurred, and for southwestern Western Australia (SWWA), where the precipitation has shown a significant decreasing trend since the 1920s. The adjustment methods have been validated using observed precipitation data for these regions. However, CLIGEN outputs ultimately will be used as input to other simulation models. The objective of this research was to further validate the methods of CLIGEN parameter adjustment using conceptual hydrological models to simulate streamflow and to compare the streamflow using observed and CLIGEN-generated precipitation data. Six precipitation sites from SEA and SWWA were selected and synthetic time series of daily precipitation were generated for these sites. Conceptual hydrological models, namely, the Australian Water Balance Model and SimHyd, were used for flow simulation and were calibrated using recorded daily streamflow data from six gauging stations in SEA and SWWA. Both monthly and annual streamflow show statistically similar patterns using observed and CLIGEN-generated precipitation data. The adjustment methods for CLIGEN parameters are further validated and can be used to reproduce the significant changes, both abrupt and gradually decreasing, in streamflow for these two climatically contrasting regions of Australia.
Empirical derivation of flow parameters describing the behaviour of a novel artificial test solid for building drainage systems
Authors: Campbell David 
Published: July 2017

The empirical investigation and development of a new Drainage Research Group drain-line carry test solid (DRG) for use in building drainage, waste and ventilation system research is described. The ‘shelf life’ of the National Bureau of Standards test solid used historically (NBS solid) was short and variability in results was large, making it problematic for use in extended investigative work. Further investigations revealed that the materials used in its construction were porous and osmosis would be a contributing factor to the variability observed, as would biofilm growth, causing changes in the coefficients of kinetic and static friction. This research is timely in view of the changing (i.e. generally reducing) volume and energy of contemporary discharges through water conservation initiatives such as WaterWise. Modern materials and analytical techniques present an opportunity to update the NBS solid and develop a modern alternative for research. The results from laboratory testing of the DRG solid compare favourably to the results from the NBS solid. The current mathematical description of the behaviour of a test solid used in a computer-based simulation model (DRAINET) is expanded and updated to include the new findings, creating the potential for extensive follow-on uptake of these results and use by other researchers and potentially use as a standard. Practical application: The research described articulates with other work in this field related to water conservation strategies; specifically, the investigation of potential unintended consequences through failure to maintain effective drain line carry and self-cleansing velocities. The results are suitable for use by researchers generally and by mathematical modellers in particular.
On the Influence of Uncertainties in Estimating Risk Aversion and Working Interest
Authors: MacKay J.A. , Lerche I. 
Published: July 2017

The influence of uncertainties in costs, value, success probability, risk tolerance and mandated working interest are evaluated for their impact on assessing probable ranges of uncertainty on risk adjusted value, RAV, using different models. The relative importance of different factors in contributing to the uncertainty in RAV in analyzed, as is the influence of different probability distributions for the intrinsic variables entering the RAV model formulae. Numerical illustrations indicate how the RAV probabilities depend not only on the model functions (Cozzolino, hyperbolic tangent) used to provide RAV estimates, but also on the intrinsic shapes of the probability distributions from which are drawn input parameter values for Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, a mandated range of working interest can be addressed as an extra variable contributing to the probabilistic range of RAV; while negative RAV values for a high-cost project can be used to assess the probable buy-out amount one should be prepared to pay depending on corporate risk philosophy. Also, the procedures illustrate how the relative contributions of scientific factors influence uncertainty of reserve assessments, allowing one to determine where to concentrate effort to improve the ranges of uncertainty.
Evaluation of Seal Capacity for Carbonate Reservoir with Salt Seal in Karachaganak Field, Kazakhstan
Authors: Nakayama Kazuo 
Published: July 2017

It is important to estimate sealing capacity for traps before drilling, because of the direct influence on the estimation of hydrocarbon reserves. In general, sealing capacity can be measured by a maximum hydrocarbon column height that retains a hydrostatic equilibrium condition between the buoyancy exerted upward and the capillary pressure exerted downward. Gas column height is smaller than that of an oil column because the buoyancy of gas caused by the density difference relative to water is much larger than that of oil, although the gas interfacial tension is greater than that of oil. For a carbonate sequence with salt as a cap rock, we can apply this concept to estimate the trapped reserves. In the Karachaganak Field, North Caspian Basin, the gas/oil contact (GOC) and oil/water contact (OWC) are observed at −4950m and −5150m respectively, while the top of the structure is at −3526m. Oil was initially accumulated and gas migrated into the structure afterwards. There are two possible scenarios for the way oil and gas accumulated. The application of the concept of estimating sealing capacity for the case of the “Independent Buoyancy Model” reveals that an equivalent pore throat for salt is about 10–5mm, equivalent to that formed by a shale of equivalent grain-size of 9.8 in phi-scale. If we take the case of “Total Buoyancy Model”, shale of the same grain-size could have held 1000 m oil column height at the depth of 2900 m. As the formation was being buried, migrating gas pushed down the oil downward, resulting in the present situation. In either case, a maximum gas column of 1424 m would be expected over this area. If we try to find oil trapped as an economical reserve in this area, it is necessary to find a structure that has a relief of more than 1400m. Thus the sealing capacity estimation plays an important role for hydrocarbon exploration.
The North German Basin: Some Unresolved Problems
Authors: Lerche I. 
Published: July 2017

Based on information available from the seismic line DEKORP 9601, together with prior information from multiple wells, this paper presents four major unresolved problems for the North German Basin. These problems are: What was the tectonic response of the basement through time, and how does one use present-day data to determine tectonic parameters, their uncertainties, and how they varied with time? What was the original Zechstein salt distribution in Permian time in the basin, how and when did the salt move, how much salt was dissolved, and how does one validate any estimates made using present-day data? How much material was uplifted in the SW of the North German Basin, how much was eroded and/or dissolved, and how does one confirm any estimates made? What were the causes of basinal sag in Rotliegend time and after, what fraction of the basinal sag was thermally caused, what fraction was tectonically driven, and what quantitative proof can be provided of the correctness of any such results? These questions are put forward at this time because it would seem that a combination of the many borehole measurements in the basin (to a typical depth of around 4–5 km), together with information gleaned from the deep seismic line DEKORP 9601, may be sufficient to use with quantitative basin modelling codes in order to answer these questions in a less unequivocal manner than has been possible to date.
Early Exposure to Recommended Calorie Delivery in the Intensive Care Unit Is Associated With Increased Mortality in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Peterson Sarah J. , Lateef Omar B. , Freels Sally , McKeever Liam , Fantuzzi Giamila , Braunschweig Carol A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground: The Intensive Nutrition in Acute Lung Injury: Clinical Trial (INTACT), designed to evaluate outcomes of calorie delivery from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) diagnosis through hospital discharge, was stopped due to higher mortality in the intervention group. Post hoc analysis found timing and dose of calorie delivery influenced mortality. The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to determine if early vs late calorie exposure changed the hazard of death among a larger sample of patients with ARDS. Methods: Adult patients who met the eligibility criteria for INTACT but did not participate were included. Daily calorie delivery was collected from the date INTACT eligibility was determined to extubation or death. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the relationship between hazard of hospital death with average calorie exposure received over increasing study days and after day 7. Results: A total of 298 patients were included; overall mortality was 33%. Among patients who remained intubated at 1 week (n = 202), higher kcal/kg received from intensive care unit (ICU) days 1–6 increased hazards of subsequent death on days 7+ (hazard ratio [HR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01–1.06); kcal/kg received after ICU day 7 decreased the hazards of death on day 7+ (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33–0.84). Conclusions: Higher calorie exposure between ICU days 1 and 7 was associated with higher subsequent hazard of mortality, and provision of high‐calorie exposure after day 8 decreased the hazards of death.
De Novo Development of Hamartomatous Duodenal Polyps in a Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome During Teduglutide Therapy: A Case Report
Authors: Ukleja Andrew , Alkhairi Baker , Bejarano Pablo , Podugu Amareshwar 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTeduglutide (TG) is approved for the treatment of parenteral nutrition (PN)–dependent adult patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Its well‐known adverse effect is expedited growth of colon polyps and potential formation of new polyps. Apart from animal studies, de novo development of duodenal polyps in a patient during TG therapy has not been reported in the literature. We report a case of a 71‐year‐old man with SBS on TG who developed multiple new duodenal polyps that were found incidentally during a diagnostic endoscopy. Furthermore, an accelerated growth of duodenal polyps was noted while on TG therapy, suggesting a potential trophic effect of TG on these polyps. There are no current recommendations for the surveillance of intestinal polyps in patients on TG therapy, but we recommend exercising caution and possible need for surveillance based on this case report.
Impact of Knowledge of Health Conditions on Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Intake Varies Among US Adults
Authors: Park Sohyun , Lundeen Elizabeth A. , Pan Liping , Blanck Heidi M. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose: This study examined associations between knowledge of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB)-related health conditions and SSB intake among US adults. Design: Quantitative, cross-sectional study. Subject: The 2014 SummerStyles survey data for 4163 US adults (≥18 years) were used. Measures: The outcome measure was frequency of SSB intake (regular soda, fruit drinks, sports or energy drinks, sweetened coffee/tea drinks). Exposure measures were knowledge of 6 SSB-related health conditions: weight gain, diabetes, cavities, high cholesterol, heart disease, and hypertension. Analysis: Six logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for consuming SSBs ≥2 times/d according to knowledge of SSB-related health conditions. Results: Overall, 37.8% of adults reported consuming SSBs ≥2 times/d. Although most adults identified that weight gain (80.2%), diabetes (73.6%), and cavities (71.8%) are related to drinking SSBs, fewer adults identified high cholesterol (24.1%), heart disease (31.5%), and hypertension (33.0%) as being related to drinking SSBs. Crude analyses indicated that lower SSB intake was significantly associated with knowledge of the associations between SSBs and weight gain, diabetes, cavities, and heart disease. However, after adjustment for covariates, only lack of knowledge of the association between heart disease and SSBs was significantly associated with consuming SSBs ≥2 times/d (OR = 1.29) than non-SSB consumers. Conclusions: The finding that knowledge of SSB-related health conditions, in general, was not associated with high SSB intake suggests that knowledge on SSB-related health conditions alone may not be sufficient for adult behavior change.
Novel Double Osteotomy Technique of Distal Tibia for Correction of Asymmetric Varus Osteoarthritic Ankle
Authors: Hintermann Beat , Ruiz Roxa , Barg Alexej 
Published: July 2017

Background: A most challenging condition for balancing a varus arthritic ankle is the presence of a defect in the medial tibial plafond. After our initial results with a medial tibial plafondplasty did not fulfill our expectations of success, we hypothesized that adding a correcting supramalleolar osteotomy of the distal tibia would move the loading force to the tibiotalar joint more medially and move the center of rotation of the talus more laterally. In this study, we analyzed midterm clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients with double tibial osteotomy. Methods: Between January 2005 and February 2010, 20 patients were treated with a medial tibial plafondplasty and a medial supramalleolar osteotomy of the distal tibia. The mean age of the patients was 44 ± 12 years (range, 17-60 years). Follow-up averaged 5.9 ± 2.1 years (range, 4-11.2 years). Weight-bearing radiographs were used to assess osteotomy union and hindfoot alignment. Results: There were no intraoperative or perioperative complications. The average VAS pain score decreased significantly from 7.9 ± 1.3 (range, 6-10) to 1.3 ± 1.6 (range, 0-7). The average AOFAS hindfoot score increased significantly from 49 ± 15 points (range, 36-68) preoperatively to 86 ± 12 points (range, 66-96) postoperatively. The varus tilt improved significantly from 19.4° ± 8.2° (range, 6°-32°) to 6.9° ± 3.9° (range, 1°-12°). Conclusion: The novel double osteotomy was found to be an efficient and successful method to restore tibiotalar joint congruency and to normalize hindfoot alignment. Level of Evidence: Level IV, prospective cohort study.
Ten thousand kilometre transfer of cardiogenic shock patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for emergency heart transplantation: Cooperation between Reunion Island and Metropolitan France
Authors: Charon Clément , Allyn Jérôme , Bouchet Bruno , Nativel Fréderic , Braunberger Eric , Brulliard Caroline , Martinet Olivier , Allou Nicolas 
Published: July 2017

Background:There is no heart transplantation centre on the French overseas territory of Reunion Island (distance of 10,000 km). The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of cardiogenic shock adult patients on venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) who were transferred from Reunion Island to mainland France for emergency heart transplantation.Methods:This retrospective observational study was conducted between 2005 and 2015. The characteristics and outcome of cardiogenic shock patients on VA-ECMO were compared with those of cardiogenic shock patients not on VA-ECMO.Results:Thirty-three cardiogenic shock adult patients were transferred from Reunion Island to Paris for emergency heart transplantation. Among them, 19 (57.6%) needed mechanical circulatory support in the form of VA-ECMO. Median age was 51 (33–57) years and 46% of the patients had ischaemic heart disease. Patients on VA-ECMO presented higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score ( p = 0.03). No death occurred during the medical transfer by long flight, while severe complications occurred in 10 patients (30.3%). Incidence of thromboembolic events, severe infectious complications and major haemorrhages was higher in the group of patients on VA-ECMO than in the group of patients not on VA-ECMO ( p <0.01). Seven patients from the VA-ECMO group (36.8%) and six patients from the non-VA-ECMO group (42.9%, p=0.7) underwent heart transplantation after a median delay of 10 (4–29) days on the emergency waiting list. After heart transplantation, one-year survival rates were 85.7% for patients on VA-ECMO and 83.3% for patients not on VA-ECMO ( p=0.91).Conclusions:This study suggests the feasibility of very long-distance medical evacuation of cardiogenic shock patients on VA-ECMO for emergency heart transplantation, with acceptable long-term results.
A biomechanical comparison of the two- and four-hole side-plate dynamic hip screw in an osteoporotic composite femur model
Authors: Rog Dominik , Grigsby Phillip , Hill Zachary , Pinette William , Inceoglu Serkan , Zuckerman Lee 
Published: July 2017

Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to compare the axial and torsional stiffness of a dynamic hip screw with a two- and four-hole side-plate in a synthetic model of a healed and stable intertrochanteric femur fracture and (2) to evaluate the load to failure, as well as propensity to peri-implant fracture. Methods: Fourth-generation synthetic composite femur models, simulating osteoporotic bone, were implanted with 135° dynamic hip screws (DHS) with either a two- or four-hole side-plate with or without a stable intertrochanteric fracture. Specimens were cyclically loaded up to a nondestructive load to determine the axial and torsional stiffness. Constructs were then loaded to failure in axial compression emulating physiologic forces. Failure load and location of the peri-implant fractures were recorded. Results: Axial and torsional stiffness did not differ significantly between the two- and four-hole constructs in either model. Likewise, there was no significant difference in the load to failure. In the intact femurs, failure occurred either at the end of the plate at the distal screw or through the lag screw hole. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that DHS constructs with a two- or four-hole side-plate are biomechanically comparable with regard to axial and torsional stiffness and load to failure in an osteoporotic composite femur model. In a healed intertrochanteric fracture model, a two-hole construct did not appear to be more prone to peri-implant fracture. To date, a biomechanical comparison of these two implants with regard to torsional forces has not been reported.
Raised compartment pressures are frequently observed with tibial shaft fractures despite the absence of compartment syndrome: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Ho Kelvin Lor Kah , Sing Nicholas Yeoh Ching , Wong Khai Phang , Huat Andy Wee Teck 
Published: July 2017

Purpose: To measure the intracompartmental pressures surrounding tibial fractures not exhibiting any clinical evidence of compartment syndrome. Our hypothesis was that pressures often exceed the recommended threshold of fasciotomy despite the absence of compartment syndrome, and hence diagnosis based on pressure measurements alone is unreliable. Methods: Thirteen consecutive patients with closed tibial shaft fractures without clinical suspicion of compartment syndrome, and who were planned for intramedullary nailing, were prospectively enrolled. Compartment pressures ( P) in all four compartments of the affected leg were measured at the start of surgery and immediately after tibial reaming, and differential pressures (delta P) were calculated based on the diastolic blood pressure prior to induction of anaesthesia. Results: No patients required reoperation in the post-operative period, as a result of an undiagnosed compartment syndrome. Using commonly quoted threshold pressure criteria, 62% (using P > 30 mmHg) and 23% of patients (using delta P < 30 mmHg) have been incorrectly diagnosed with compartment syndrome. Conclusions: We conclude that raised compartment pressures are frequently seen in patients with tibial shaft fractures; but in most cases, it does not equate to the presence of compartment syndrome. Diagnosis of compartment syndrome based on intracompartmental pressure measurements alone may result in unnecessary fasciotomies in a sizeable number of patients. Compartment syndrome remains a clinical diagnosis, and one which always needs to be considered when managing tibial fractures.
Case Report of Severe Weight Loss Possibly Associated with Methylphenidate
Authors: Chandramouli Jane B , Muller Barbara A 
Published: July 2017

Objective: To document a case of severe weight loss in an adult depressed patient being treated with methylphenidate, nefazodone, and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Case Summary: A 57-year-old white, postmenopausal, nonsmoking, retired nurse with major depressive disorder (status post-ECT) presented to her internist with an involuntary weight loss of >21 kg over six months. Medications included aspirin, hydrochlorothiazide, nefazodone, docusate sodium, methylphenidate, salsalate, and conjugated estrogen. An extensive workup included colonoscopy, abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan, head CT scan, chest X-ray, pelvic ultrasound, Pap smear, mammogram, thyroid function tests, liver function tests, serum electrophoresis, and serum chemistries. All test results were unremarkable. Discussion: Methylphenidate was eventually suspected to be contributing to the sudden weight loss in our patient, due to its anorexic effects and a temporal association between the initiation of this drug and the weight loss. However, a MEDLINE search of adverse effects associated with methylphenidate did not identify reports of weight loss of this magnitude. Moreover, published reviews of psychostimulant treatment in adult patients with depressive disorders indicate that anorexia and weight loss are usually not observed. Conclusions: This case associates the use of methylphenidate, nefazodone, and ECT for the treatment of depression with significant weight loss in an adult. As the differential diagnosis for involuntary weight loss is expansive, secondary causes such as medications should be considered as possible cofactors precipitating weight loss.