bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diurnal and Nocturnal Flight Activity of Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in a Rainforest Fragment in Brazil: Implications for the Colonization of Homicide Victims
Authors: Soares Thiago F. , Vasconcelos Simao D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNocturnal flight of blow flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a controversial issue in forensic entomology. We performed two field experiments to investigate the diurnal and nocturnal activity of six blow fly species in a rainforest fragment in Brazil. Initially, nocturnal (17:30–05:30) versus diurnal (05:30–17:30) flight activity was investigated. Only 3.9% of adults were collected at night, mostly the native species Mesembrinella bicolor, and nocturnal oviposition did not occur. In the second experiment, collection of adults took place at the following intervals: 05:30–08:30, 08:30–11:30, 11:30–14:30, and 14:30–17:30. The proportions of adults did not differ significantly among the four diurnal intervals, except for Hemilucilia segmentaria, which was captured more frequently in the early morning. Calliphoridae has predominantly diurnal behavior, not laying eggs in darkness. The association of the native species M. bicolor, Hemilucilia semidiaphana, and H. segmentaria to forested areas reinforces the forensic relevance of data on their flight pattern.
The Impotence of Accountability: The Relationship Between Greater Transparency and Corporate Reform
Authors: Radcliffe Vaughan S. , Spence Crawford , Stein Mitchell 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper explores the role of accounting in the attempted reform of the corporation during the “progressive era” in the United States. Focusing on the activities of three institutional bodies in the early twentieth century, the paper documents how their repeated recourse to “publicity,” which relied crucially on accounting technologies, failed to turn the corporation into an entity more sensitive to the public interest. Specifically, two interrelated contributions are made to existing literature on accounting and corporate governance. Firstly, the paper documents the early historical development of the now taken‐for‐granted phenomenon of accounting and adjudicating at the entity level (Miller and Power 2013). Secondly, the paper offers a rejoinder to present‐day projects of corporate governance which identify better and enhanced accountability as key to the successful reform of the corporation. During the progressive era, accounting expanded and territorialized new spaces, bringing trusts out of a hitherto secretive, private realm and into the view of the public. Yet this was not enough to engender substantive corporate reform.
Effects of Gabra2 Point Mutations on Alcohol Intake: Increased Binge‐Like and Blunted Chronic Drinking by Mice
Authors: Newman Emily L. , Gunner Georgia , Huynh Polly , Gachette Darrel , Moss Stephen J. , Smart Trevor G. , Rudolph Uwe , DeBold Joseph F. , Miczek Klaus A. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAlcohol use disorders are associated with single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in GABRA2, the gene encoding the GABAA receptor α2‐subunit in humans. Deficient GABAergic functioning is linked to impulse control disorders, intermittent explosive disorder, and to drug abuse and dependence, yet it remains unclear whether α2‐containing GABAA receptor sensitivity to endogenous ligands is involved in excessive alcohol drinking.MethodsMale wild‐type (Wt) C57BL/6J and point‐mutated mice rendered insensitive to GABAergic modulation by benzodiazepines (BZD; H101R), allopregnanolone (ALLO) or tetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC; Q241M), or high concentrations of ethanol (EtOH) (S270H/L277A) at α2‐containing GABAA receptors were assessed for their binge‐like, moderate, or escalated chronic drinking using drinking in the dark, continuous access (CA) and intermittent access (IA) to alcohol protocols, respectively. Social approach by mutant and Wt mice in forced alcohol abstinence was compared to approach by EtOH‐naïve controls. Social deficits in forced abstinence were treated with allopregnanolone (0, 3.0, 10.0 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) or midazolam (0, 0.56, 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.).ResultsMice with BZD‐insensitive α2‐containing GABAA receptors (H101R) escalated their binge‐like drinking. Mutants harboring the Q241M point substitution in Gabra2 showed blunted chronic intake in the CA and IA protocols. S270H/L277A mutants consumed excessive amounts of alcohol but, unlike wild‐types, they did not show forced abstinence‐induced social deficits.ConclusionsThese findings suggest a role for: (i) H101 in species‐typical binge‐like drinking, (ii) Q241 in escalated chronic drinking, and (iii) S270 and/or L277 in the development of forced abstinence‐associated social deficits. Clinical findings report reduced BZD‐binding sites in the cortex of dependent patients; the present findings suggest a specific role for BZD‐sensitive α2‐containing receptors. In addition, amino acid residue 241 in Gabra2 is necessary for positive modulation and activation of GABAA receptors by ALLO and THDOC; we postulate that neurosteroid action on α2‐containing receptor may be necessary for escalated chronic EtOH intake.
Alcohol Withdrawal Increases Protein Kinase A Activity in the Rat Inferior Colliculus
Authors: Akinfiresoye Luli R. , Miranda Clive , Lovinger David M. , N'Gouemo Prosper 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundCyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase A (PKA) signaling is a key target for the action of alcohol and may therefore play a role in the pathophysiology of alcohol withdrawal seizures (AWSs). Here, we investigated the role of PKA activity with respect to increased seizure susceptibility in rats that were subjected to alcohol withdrawal.MethodsAdult male Sprague Dawley rats received 3 daily doses of ethanol (EtOH) (or vehicle) for 4 consecutive days. Rats were then tested for susceptibility to acoustically evoked AWSs 3, 24, and 48 hours after the last alcohol dose. In separate experiments, the inferior colliculus (IC) was collected at these same time points from rats subjected to alcohol withdrawal and control rats following alcohol withdrawal. PKA activity, catalytic Cα (PKACα) protein, regulatory RIIα (PKARIIα) protein, and RIIβ (PKARIIβ) protein were measured in the IC. Lastly, in situ pharmacological studies were performed to evaluate whether inhibiting PKA activity in the IC suppressed AWSs.ResultsIn the EtOH‐treated group, AWSs were observed at the 24‐hour time point, but not at the 3‐hour or 48‐hour time points. In the IC, PKA activity was significantly higher both 3 hours (i.e., before AWS susceptibility) and 24 hours after the last alcohol dose (when AWS susceptibility peaked) than in control rats. Consistent with these findings, protein levels of the PKACα subunit were significantly increased in the IC both 3 and 24 hours after the last alcohol dose. Lastly, in situ inhibition of PKA activity within the IC suppressed AWSs.ConclusionsThe increase in PKA activity and PKACα protein expression in the IC preceded the occurrence of AWSs, and inhibiting PKA activity within the IC suppressed acoustically evoked AWSs. Together, these findings suggest that altered PKA activity plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AWSs.
Validating a proxy for disease progression in metastatic cancer patients using prescribing and dispensing data
Authors: Joshi Vikram , Adelstein Barbara‐Ann , Schaffer Andrea , Srasuebkul Preeyaporn , Dobbins Timothy , Pearson Sallie‐Anne ,   the Elements of Cancer Care (EoCC) Investigators
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundRoutine data collections are used increasingly to examine outcomes of real‐world cancer drug use. These datasets lack clinical details about important endpoints such as disease progression.AimTo validate a proxy for disease progression in metastatic cancer patients using prescribing and dispensing claims.MethodsWe used data from a cohort study of patients undergoing chemotherapy who provided informed consent to the collection of cancer‐treatment data from medical records and linkage to pharmaceutical claims. We derived proxy decision rules based on changes to drug treatment in prescription histories (n = 36 patients) and validated the proxy in prescribing data (n = 62 patients). We adapted the decision rules and validated the proxy in dispensing data (n = 109). Our gold standard was disease progression ascertained in patient medical records. Individual progression episodes were the unit of analysis for sensitivity and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) calculations and specificity and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were calculated at the patient level.ResultsThe sensitivity of our proxy in prescribing data was 74.3% (95% Confidence Interval (CI), 55.6–86.6%) and PPV 61.2% (95% CI, 45.0–75.3%); specificity and NPV were 87.8% (95% CI, 73.8–95.9%) and 100% (95% CI, 90.3–100%), respectively. In dispensing data, the sensitivity of our proxy was 64% (95% CI, 55.0–77.0%) and PPV 56.0% (95% CI, 43.0–69.0%); specificity and NPV were 81% (95% CI, 70.05–89.0%) and 91.0% (95% CI, 82.0–97.0%), respectively.ConclusionOur proxy overestimated episodes of disease progression. The proxy's performance is likely to improve if the date of prescribing is used instead of date of dispensing in claims data and by incorporating medical service claims (such as imaging prior to drug changes) in the algorithm. Our proxy is not sufficiently robust for use in real world comparative effectiveness research for cancer medicines.
Complement component C1q as potential diagnostic but not predictive marker of preeclampsia
Authors: Agostinis Chiara , Stampalija Tamara , Tannetta Dionne , Loganes Claudia , Vecchi Brumatti Liza , De Seta Francesco , Celeghini Claudio , Radillo Oriano , Sargent Ian , Tedesco Francesco , Bulla Roberta 
Published: September 2016

ProblemWe have previously found that C1q is constitutively expressed by invading trophoblast and endothelial cells of decidua and contributes to vascular and tissue remodeling. Based on these findings, we sought to determine whether there were changes in the circulating level of C1q that may be used as a diagnostic and predictive marker of preeclampsia.Method of StudyWe measured the levels of C1q, C4, and complement activation products in serum or plasma of normal pregnant women and preeclamptic patients from different cohorts.ResultsWe observed a marked decrease in the concentration of C1q associated with a reduced level of C4 in preeclamptic patients as compared to matched healthy pregnant woman but no significant difference in the circulating level of the activating products C5a and the soluble terminal complement complex sC5b‐9. Analysis of serum samples collected at early phase of pregnancy from women who later developed preeclampsia failed to show a decrease in C1q level.ConclusionThe results of the present investigation demonstrate that low levels of C1q and C4 are associated with preeclampsia but cannot be used as predictive markers.
Survey of horse transportation in Australia: issues and practices
Authors: Padalino B , Raidal SL , Hall E , Knight P , Celi P , Jeffcott L , Muscatello G 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo survey amateur and professional participants on equine transportation management, practices and outcomes in Australia.MethodsAn online survey targeting people who organised horse movements at least monthly was made available to a broad cross‐section of amateur and professional equine associations. Respondents were invited to provide demographic details and information relating to their routine transportation management practices and their experiences of issues relating to the transportation of horses.ResultsOf 797 usable responses involving approximately 17,000 horses and 313,000 individual horse transport events, transport‐related behavioural problems were reported by 38% of respondents, particularly at loading. Transport‐related health problems had been experienced during or after transportation by horses in the care of 67% of respondents. The most common problems reported were traumatic injuries (45.0%), diarrhoea (20.0%), muscular problems (13.0%), respiratory problems (12.3%), overheating (10.5%) and colic (10.3%). In the 2 years reviewed in the survey, 9.4% of participants reported at least one case of transport‐associated pneumonia and 35 horses had died, most commonly from fractures, colic or pneumonia. Although respondents identifying as amateurs transported horses less frequently and over shorter distances, the incidence of transport‐related problems was similar between amateurs and professionals. Respondents reported specific precautions before, during and after transportation, although management was often not compliant with the Australian Code of horse transportation.ConclusionsResponses indicated that there remains a substantial risk of adverse welfare and health outcomes for horses transported in Australia and management practices reported may not be compliant with current recommendations for transportation.
Phenotypic and genotypic profiling of antimicrobial resistance in enteric Escherichia coli communities isolated from finisher pigs in Australia
Authors: Smith MG , Jordan D , Gibson JS , Cobbold RN , Chapman TA , Abraham S , Trott DJ 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo assess herd‐to‐herd variation in antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and associated antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in faecal commensal Escherichia coli communities isolated from Australian slaughter‐age pigs.MethodsHydrophobic grid‐membrane filtration (HGMF) was used to screen populations of E. coli isolated from faecal samples obtained from pigs prior to or at slaughter. Multiplex PCRs were applied to the pooled DNA extracted from the samples to identify specific ARGs.MethodsPooled faecal samples from 30 finishers, from 72 different Australian pig farms, produced 5003 isolates for screening. HGMF techniques and image analysis were used to confirm E. coli resistance phenotypes to four antimicrobial agents (ampicillin, gentamicin, florfenicol and ceftiofur) using selective agars. Multiplex PCRs were performed on DNA from pooled samples for 35 ARGs associated with seven chemical classes.ResultsThe prevalence of E. coli isolates showing no resistance to any of the drugs was 50.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) 41.8–58.6%). Ceftiofur resistance was very low (1.8%; CI 0.8–3.9%) and no ARGs associated with 3rd‐generation cephalosporin resistance were detected. By contrast, ampicillin (29.4%, CI 22.8–37.0%), florfenicol (24.3%, CI 17.8–32.3%) and gentamicin (CI 17.5%, 10.7–27.2%) resistance prevalence varied greatly between farms and associated ARGs were common. The most common combined resistance phenotype was ampicillin–florfenicol.ConclusionThe use of registered antimicrobials in Australian pigs leads to the enteric commensal populations acquiring associated ARGs. However, despite a high intensity of sampling, ARGs imparting resistance to the critically important 3rd‐generation cephalosporins were not detected.
Instability and Change in Collective Bargaining: An Analysis of the Effects of Changing Institutional Structures
Authors: Brandl Bernd , Ibsen Christian Lyhne 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPrevious studies on collective bargaining structures and macroeconomic performance have largely ignored the role of stable and instable institutional structures and the effects of institutional change itself. In this article we posit that institutional stability of collective bargaining is of major importance for the moderation of unit labour costs growth. This hypothesis is tested on the basis of data which cover the period 1965–2012 and includes 28 countries. The results show that institutional change impairs the capacity to moderate unit labour cost growth significantly in the subsequent years following the change. This effect also holds for changes in both decentralization and centralization of institutions.
Rapid synthesis of flavone‐based monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors targeting two active sites using click chemistry
Authors: Jia Wei Zhen , Cheng Feng , Zhang Yin Jun , Ge Jin Yan , Yao Shao Q. , Zhu Qing 
Published: September 2016

A new library of flavone derivatives targeting two active sites of monoamine oxidases (“aromatic cage” and substrate cavity) were designed and synthesized using click chemistry (CuAAC reaction) between 6‐N3‐2‐phenyl chromones (Az1–Az2) and a series of alkynes (k1–k20). Their inhibitory activities against MAO isoforms (MAO‐A and MAO‐B) are evaluated. Compounds with fluorine, amide bonds, or amino bonds have shown better inhibition. The most potent flavone MAO inhibitor studied is Az2k19 (1.6 μm for MAO‐A, 2.1 μm for MAO‐B), while Az1k15 and Az2k15 displayed better selectivity toward MAO‐B (SI > 10). Docking studies are in accordance with our hypothesis that these inhibitors are most likely located at both the substrate cavity and the “aromatic cage”. Our results show that it is considerable to develop new MAO inhibitors from C6 substitution of flavone derivatives and that these compounds are also potential for the treatment of diseases associated with MAOs.
KLF4 Knockdown Attenuates TBI‐Induced Neuronal Damage through p53 and JAK‐STAT3 Signaling
Authors: Cui Da‐Ming , Zeng Tao , Ren Jie , Wang Ke , Jin Yi , Zhou Lin , Gao Liang 
Published: September 2016

SummaryAimsTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is induced by complex primary and secondary mechanisms that give rise to cell death, inflammation, and neurological dysfunction. Understanding the mechanisms that drive neurological damage as well as those that promote repair can guide the development of therapeutic drugs for TBI. Kruppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) has been reported to negatively regulate axon regeneration of injured retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) through inhibition of JAK‐STAT3 signaling. However, the role of KLF4 in TBI remains unreported. Reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐induced neuronal death is a pathophysiological hallmark of TBI.MethodsIn this study, we used H2O2‐treated RGCs in vitro and the optic nerve crush model in vivo to simulate neuronal damage in TBI. The function of KLF4 in RGC survival and axon regeneration in these models was investigated. In addition, the effects of KLF4 knockdown on neuronal damage after a brain impact that mimics moderate TBI were studied.ResultsThe results show that H2O2 induces p53‐dependent apoptosis of RGCs in vitro through upregulation of KLF4. Additionally, KLF4 knockdown in vivo significantly enhances CNTF‐induced axon regeneration of RGCs after optic nerve crush, and more importantly, prevents neuronal damage after a moderate brain impact in rats. Our Western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation assay results indicate that these effects of KLF4 knockdown are mediated by the p53 and JAK‐STAT3 pathways.ConclusionThese findings provide evidence that KLF4 plays an important role in the pathophysiology of TBI. Blocking KLF4 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of TBI, either alone or in combination with agents that target complementary mechanisms.
Postoperative value of serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen as a predictor of recurrence in sinonasal inverted papilloma
Authors: van Zijl F.V.W.J. , Monserez D.A. , Korevaar T.I.M. , Bugter O. , Wieringa M.H. , Baatenburg de Jong R.J. , Hardillo J.A.U. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesSinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) has several unfavourable characteristics and therefore requires careful monitoring. The goal of this study was to identify whether serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCa) could predict IP recurrence.DesignA retrospective cohort study.SettingDepartment of otolaryngology/head and neck surgery, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ParticipantsOne hundred and thirty patients with IP treated at our centre with SCCa measurements available were included.Main outcome measurementsFollow‐up of patients with IP since 2005, recurrence was defined as new disease within primary localisation at least 3 months after adequate surgical removal. We analysed the association between IP recurrence and serum SCCa values measured preoperatively, postoperatively and during follow‐up.ResultsPreoperative SCCa values or values measured during follow‐up were not associated with risk of recurrence. Postoperative SCCa was positively associated with the risk of recurrence (P < 0.001). Postoperative SCCa had a good discriminative ability for the identification of recurrence with an area under the curve of 80.9%.ConclusionPostoperative SCCa is strongly associated with risk of recurrence. This might help the surgeon in the postoperative setting by identifying high‐risk patients and planning follow‐up strategy tailored to the individual patient.
Clinicopathological differences between familial colorectal cancer type X and sporadic cancer in an isolated area of spain
Authors: Medina‐Arana V. , Rahy‐Martín A. , Delgado‐Plasencia L. , Martínez‐Riera A. , León‐Ayllón D. , Rodríguez‐Castellano D. , Bravo‐Gutiérrez A. , Fernández‐Peralta A. , González‐Aguilera J. J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimVery few studies have compared the epidemiological characteristics of patients with familial colorectal cancer Type X (FCCTX) with those of sporadic colorectal cancer (S‐CRC). The aim of this study was to compare clinicopathological characteristics and survival between FCCTX and S‐CRC in patients from a historically isolated geographical region.MethodA retrospective study was carried out of patients with S‐CRC and FCCTX treated in the Canary Islands. Family and personal history of colorectal cancer (CRC) were recorded, together with genetic (microsatellite instability), immunohistochemical and clinical variables.ResultsForty‐eight (10.6%) of 451 patients were classified as FCCTX and the remaining 403 (89.4%) as S‐CRC. Age at the diagnosis of tumour was significantly lower in FCCTX than in S‐CRC (64.06 ± 12.65 years vs 69.13 ± 10.80 years; P = 0.01; Z = −2.48). Patients with FCCTX had a larger number of synchronous tumours (P = 0.09). Recurrence was significantly higher in FCCTX than in S‐CRC (18.7% vs 8.6%; P = 0.01). Survival correlated significantly with the number of first‐degree and second‐degree relatives with CRC (P = 0.04; OR: 1.368, 95% CI: 1.01–1.84, and P = 0.04; OR: 1.363, 95% CI: 1.08–1.65) and with the total number of cases of CRC in the immediate family (P < 0.01; OR: 1.377, 95% CI: 1.17–1.61). Recurrence‐free time was significantly lower in patients with FCCTX (log‐rank = 0.01).ConclusionSignificant differences were found in several demographic and clinicopathological variables between patients with FCCTX and patients with S‐CRC. These included increased tumour presentation under the age of 50 years and a higher recurrence rate in patients with FCCTX, suggesting an increased risk of CRC in this group.
A collaborative review of the current concepts and challenges of anastomotic leaks in colorectal surgery
Authors: Vallance A. , Wexner S. , Berho M. , Cahill R. , Coleman M. , Haboubi N. , Heald R. J. , Kennedy R. H. , Moran B. , Mortensen N. , Motson R. W. , Novell R. , O'Connell P. R. , Ris F. , Rockall T. , Senapati A. , Windsor A. , Jayne D. G. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe reduction of the incidence, detection and treatment of anastomotic leakage (AL) continues to challenge the colorectal surgical community. AL is not consistently defined and reported in clinical studies, its occurrence is variably reported and its impact on longterm morbidity and health‐care resources has received relatively little attention. Controversy continues regarding the best strategies to reduce the risk. Diagnostic tests lack sensitivity and specificity, resulting in delayed diagnosis and increased morbidity. Intra‐operative fluorescence angiography has recently been introduced as a means of real‐time assessment of anastomotic perfusion and preliminary evidence suggests that it may reduce the rate of AL. In addition, concepts are emerging about the role of the rectal mucosal microbiome in AL and the possible role of new prophylactic therapies. In January 2016 a meeting of expert colorectal surgeons and pathologists was held in London, UK, to identify the ongoing controversies surrounding AL in colorectal surgery. The outcome of the meeting is presented in the form of research challenges that need to be addressed.