bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of immunoglobulin E plasma cells that are elevated in the upper airway mucosa of nonatopic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps
Authors: Rashan Ali R. , Goshn Eliver , Peterson Asa , Yang Yang , Phillips Meghan , Sahaf Bita , Herzenberg Leonore , Nayak Jayakar V. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundThe immunologic mechanisms driving inflammation in the upper airways of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) are poorly understood. Previous studies have shown that B cells and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels are elevated in the nasal tissue of patients with atopic chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP). However, less is known regarding B cell subsets and IgE‐producing plasmablasts in nonatopic CRSsNP patients.MethodsHuman blood and ethmoid sinus mucosa samples were analyzed from control (n = 6) and nonatopic CRSsNP (n = 11) patients. Tissue samples were evaluated using high‐dimensional flow cytometry.ResultsA population of IgE antibody secreting cells is significantly increased in situ within inflamed nasal tissue of nonatopic CRSsNP subjects when compared to control nasal tissue and the circulating peripheral blood (p < 0.05). This IgE plasma cell population displays ∼90% cell surface Ig lambda light chain, is mitotically active (Ki‐67+), and displays intracellular IgE expression. The predominant B cell population expressing IgE are plasmablasts (CD38high, CD138−) not typically found in the blood or peripheral tissue of these patients.ConclusionThe nasal mucosa from nonatopic CRSsNP patients demonstrate a significant regional spike in resident in situ IgE plasmablast cells not seen in control nasal tissue or peripheral blood from the same patient. The restricted expression of Ig lambda light chain in this mitotically active IgE plasmablast population supports the hypothesis of aberrant B cell proliferation in the context of CRS. These findings suggest the presence of a unique regional immune microenvironment for B cell priming and/or selection within chronically inflamed airway tissues.
Safety analysis of long‐term budesonide nasal irrigations in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis post endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Soudry Ethan , Wang Jane , Vaezeafshar Reza , Katznelson Laurence , Hwang Peter H. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundAlthough the safety of topical nasal steroids is well established for nasal spray forms, data regarding the safety of steroid irrigations is limited. We studied the effect of long‐term budesonide nasal irrigations (>6 months) on hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis (HPAA) function and intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients post–endoscopic sinus surgery.MethodsThis was retrospective case series. Adrenal function was assessed by using the high‐dose cosyntropin stimulation test.ResultsA total of 48 patients were assessed, with a mean duration of budesonide irrigations of 22 months. Stimulated cortisol levels were abnormally low in 11 patients (23%). None reported to have symptoms of adrenal suppression. Three of 4 patients who repeated the study being off budesonide for at least 1 month returned to near normal levels. Logistic regression analysis revealed that concomitant use of both nasal steroid sprays and pulmonary steroid inhalers was significantly associated with HPAA suppression (p = 0.024). Patients with low stimulated cortisol levels were able to continue budesonide irrigations under the supervision of an endocrinologist without frank clinical manifestations of adrenal insufficiency. IOP was within normal limits in all patients.ConclusionLong‐term use of budesonide nasal irrigations is generally safe, but asymptomatic HPAA suppression may occur in selected patients. Concomitant use of both nasal steroid sprays and pulmonary steroid inhalers while using daily budesonide nasal irrigations is associated with an increased risk. Rhinologists should be alerted to the potential risks of long‐term use of budesonide nasal irrigations, and monitoring for HPAA suppression may be warranted in patients receiving long‐term budesonide irrigation therapy.
The importance of mold sensitivity in nonallergic rhinitis patients
Authors: Demirtürk Mustafa , Gelincik Aslı , Ulusan Murat , Ertek Belkıs , Büyüköztürk Suna , Çolakoğlu Bahattin 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundIn recent studies, local specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) production against allergens in nasal mucosa and a positive response to a nasal allergen provocation test (NAPT) have been demonstrated in some patients initially diagnosed as nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) or idiopathic rhinitis (IR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of local allergic rhinitis (LAR) in patients who experience rhinitis symptoms in indoor and outdoor moldy conditions and to investigate the role of the NAPT in diagnosis.MethodsA total of 40 NAR patients with a history of persistent rhinitis and who had negative skin‐prick tests (SPTs) and serum sIgE levels to common aeroallergens, as well as 20 healthy subjects were included in the study. NAPTs were performed with Aspergillus fumigatus (group 1) or a mixture of Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium herbarum extracts (group 2).ResultsIn patient nasal lavage fluids, tryptase and mold sIgE levels were not significantly different from the control group. NAPT with Aspergillus fumigatus was positive in 8 of 12 NAR patients (66.6%) in group 1 and NAPT with the mixture of extracts was positive in 9 of 13 NAR patients (69.2%) in group 2.ConclusionThis study suggests that LAR may exist in a significant number of the persistent rhinitis patients who were previously considered as NAR based on negative SPTs or serum sIgE tests. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study evaluating a nasal local allergic response to both indoor and outdoor molds.
Canine Staphylococcus pseudintermedius sinonasal infection in human hosts
Authors: Kuan Edward C. , Yoon Alexander J. , Vijayan Tara , Humphries Romney M. , Suh Jeffrey D. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundStaphylococcus pseudintermedius is a gram‐positive bacterium commonly found as part of the normal skin and nasal flora of healthy dogs. It may act as an opportunistic pathogen in dogs, but has also been shown to colonize the nasal mucosa of humans. We report 4 cases of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) refractory to aggressive medical management with cultures that grew S. pseudintermedius, with clinical improvement only after initiating culture‐directed therapy.MethodsRetrospective review of 4 patients with CRS treated at a tertiary academic medical center with sinonasal cultures growing S. pseudintermedius.ResultsAll 4 patients are dog owners and had clinical diagnoses of CRS. Three of the 4 patients had a diagnosis related to immune dysfunction (sarcoidosis, Crohn's disease, history of lymphoma). After undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery, each patient was treated with aggressive medical therapy but continued to have purulent nasal discharge. Sinonasal cultures repeatedly grew S. pseudintermedius in all cases, with 3 patients’ dogs also having had concurrent S. pseudintermedius wound infections of the ear and leg with similar antibiotic susceptibilities. Treatment with culture‐directed therapy improved the infections in all cases.ConclusionOpportunistic pathogens have a propensity to exacerbate infection in CRS patients with immune dysfunction. We report the first case series of sinonasal S. pseudintermedius infection in humans. Though a rare cause of disease, pathogens such as S. pseudintermedius from nonhuman hosts should be considered in the management of CRS patients refractory to medical therapy.
Milde Cobalt‐katalysierte Negishi‐Kreuzkupplungen von (Hetero‐)Arylzinkreagentien mit (Hetero‐)Arylhalogeniden
Authors: Haas Diana , Hammann Jeffrey M. , Lutter Ferdinand H. , Knochel Paul 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEin katalytisches System bestehend aus 5 Mol‐% CoCl2⋅2 LiCl und 50 Mol‐% HCO2Na ermöglicht Kreuzkupplungen verschiedener N‐heterozyklischer Chloride und Bromide sowie aromatischer, halogenierter Ketone mit verschiedenen elektronenreichen und ‐armen Arylzinkreagentien. Die Reaktionen zeigen bei 25 °C innerhalb weniger Stunden eine vollständige Umsetzung.
Stable Alkynyl Glycosyl Carbonates: Catalytic Anomeric Activation and Synthesis of a Tridecasaccharide Reminiscent of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Cell Wall Lipoarabinomannan
Authors: Mishra Bijoyananda , Neralkar Mahesh , Hotha Srinivas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOligosaccharide synthesis is still a challenging task despite the advent of modern glycosidation techniques. Herein, alkynyl glycosyl carbonates are shown to be stable glycosyl donors that can be activated catalytically by gold and silver salts at 25 °C in just 15 min to produce glycosides in excellent yields. Benzoyl glycosyl carbonate donors are solid compounds with a long shelf life. This operationally simple protocol was found to be highly efficient for the synthesis of nucleosides, amino acids, and phenolic and azido glycoconjugates. Repeated use of the carbonate glycosidation method enabled the highly convergent synthesis of tridecaarabinomannan in a rapid manner.
Size Fractionation of Two‐Dimensional Sub‐Nanometer Thin Manganese Dioxide Crystals towards Superior Urea Electrocatalytic Conversion
Authors: Chen Sheng , Duan Jingjing , Vasileff Anthony , Qiao Shi Zhang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA universal technique has been proposed to sort two‐dimensional (2D) sub‐nanometer thin crystals (manganese dioxide MnO2 and molybdenum disulfide MoS2) according to their lateral dimensions. This technique is based on tuning the zeta potential of their aqueous dispersions which induces the selective sedimentation of large‐sized 2D crystals and leaves the small‐sized counterparts in suspension. The electrocatalytic properties of as‐obtained 2D ultrathin crystals are strongly dependent on their lateral size. As a proof‐of‐concept study, the small‐sized MnO2 nanocrystals were tested as the electrocatalysts for the urea‐oxidation reaction (UOR), which showed outstanding performance in both half reaction and full electrolytic cell. A mechanism study reveals the enhanced performance is associated with the remarkable structural properties of MnO2 including ultrathin (ca. 0.95 nm), laterally small‐sized (50–200 nm), and highly exposed active centers.
Cyclic Hypervalent Iodine Reagents for Atom‐Transfer Reactions: Beyond Trifluoromethylation
Authors: Li Yifan , Hari Durga Prasad , Vita Maria Victoria , Waser Jerome 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHypervalent iodine compounds are privileged reagents in organic synthesis because of their exceptional reactivity. Among these compounds, cyclic derivatives stand apart because of their enhanced stability. They have been widely used as oxidants, but their potential for functional‐group transfer has only begun to be investigated recently. The use of benziodoxol(on)es for trifluoromethylation (Togni's reagents) is already widely recognized, but other transformations have also attracted strong interest recently. In this Review, the development in the area since 2011 will be presented. After a short summary of synthetic methods to prepare benziodoxol(on)e reagents, their use to construct carbon–heteroatom and carbon–carbon bonds will be presented. In particular, the introduction of alkynes by using ethynylbenziodoxol(on)e (EBX) reagents has been highly successful. Breakthroughs in the introduction of alkoxy, azido, difluoromethyl, and cyano groups will also be described.
Efficient MoS2 Exfoliation by Cross‐β‐Amyloid Nanotubes for Multistimuli‐Responsive and Biodegradable Aqueous Dispersions
Authors: Kapil Nidhi , Singh Ashmeet , Singh Manish , Das Dibyendu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHerein, we report the efficient exfoliation of MoS2 in aqueous medium by short cationic peptide nanotubes featuring the nucleating core 17LVFFA21 of β‐amyloid (Aβ 1–42), a sequence associated with Alzheimer's disease. The role of morphology, length, and nature of the amyloid surface on exfoliation/dispersions of MoS2 were investigated through specific mutations of the amyloid sequences. Notably, owing to the properties of both the constituents, self‐assembled soft nanostructures and MoS2, the hybrid dispersions responded reversibly to various stimuli, including temperature, pH, and light. Addition of a protease resulted in loss of the dispersions, which are otherwise stable for months at ambient conditions. The design flexibility of the peptide sequences, along with the stimuli‐responsiveness and biodegradability, can complement the applications of MoS2 in diverse fields.
C3′‐Deoxygenation of Paromamine Catalyzed by a Radical S‐Adenosylmethionine Enzyme: Characterization of the Enzyme AprD4 and Its Reductase Partner AprD3
Authors: Kim Hak Joong , LeVieux Jake , Yeh Yu‐Cheng , Liu Hung‐wen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractC3′‐deoxygenation of aminoglycosides results in their decreased susceptibility to phosphorylation thereby increasing their efficacy as antibiotics. However, the biosynthetic mechanism of C3′‐deoxygenation is unknown. To address this issue, aprD4 and aprD3 genes from the apramycin gene cluster in Streptomyces tenebrarius were expressed in E. coli and the resulting gene products were characterized in vitro. AprD4 is shown to be a radical S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzyme, catalyzing homolysis of SAM to 5′‐deoxyadenosine (5′‐dAdo) in the presence of paromamine. [4′‐2H]‐Paromamine was prepared and used to show that its C4′‐H is transferred to 5′‐dAdo by AprD4, during which the substrate is dehydrated to a product consistent with 4′‐oxolividamine. In contrast, paromamine is reduced to a deoxy product when incubated with AprD4/AprD3/NADPH. These results show that AprD4 is the first radical SAM diol‐dehydratase and, along with AprD3, is responsible for 3′‐deoxygenation in aminoglycoside biosynthesis.
Re‐engineering the Immune Response to Metastatic Cancer: Antibody‐Recruiting Small Molecules Targeting the Urokinase Receptor
Authors: Rullo Anthony F. , Fitzgerald Kelly J. , Muthusamy Viswanathan , Liu Min , Yuan Cai , Huang Mingdong , Kim Minsup , Cho Art E. , Spiegel David A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDeveloping selective strategies to treat metastatic cancers remains a significant challenge. Herein, we report the first antibody‐recruiting small molecule (ARM) that is capable of recognizing the urokinase‐type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR), a uniquely overexpressed cancer cell‐surface marker, and facilitating the immune‐mediated destruction of cancer cells. A co‐crystal structure of the ARM‐U2/uPAR complex was obtained, representing the first crystal structure of uPAR complexed with a non‐peptide ligand. Finally, we demonstrated that ARM‐U2 substantially suppresses tumor growth in vivo with no evidence of weight loss, unlike the standard‐of‐care agent doxorubicin. This work underscores the promise of antibody‐recruiting molecules as immunotherapeutics for treating cancer.
Boron(III)‐Containing Donor–Acceptor Compound with Goldlike Reflective Behavior for Organic Resistive Memory Devices
Authors: Poon Chun‐Ting , Wu Di , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA small‐molecule‐based boron(III)‐containing donor–acceptor compound has been designed and synthesized. Interesting goldlike reflective behavior was observed in the neat thin‐film sample from simple spin‐coating preparation, which can serve as a potential organic thin‐film optical reflector. The small thickness in nanometer range and the relatively smooth surface morphology, together with simple preparation and easy solution processability, are attractive features for opening up new avenues for the fabrication of reflective coatings. Moreover, this donor–acceptor compound has been employed in the fabrication of organic resistive memory device, which exhibited good performance with low turn‐on voltage, small operating bias, large ON/OFF ratio, and long retention time.
Organo‐Iodine(III)‐Catalyzed Oxidative Phenol–Arene and Phenol–Phenol Cross‐Coupling Reaction
Authors: Morimoto Koji , Sakamoto Kazuma , Ohshika Takao , Dohi Toshifumi , Kita Yasuyuki 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe direct oxidative coupling reaction has been an attractive tool for environmentally benign chemistry. Reported herein is that the hypervalent iodine catalyzed oxidative metal‐free cross‐coupling reaction of phenols can be achieved using Oxone as a terminal oxidant in 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoropropan‐2‐ol (HFIP). This method features a high efficiency and regioselectivity, as well as functional‐group tolerance under very mild reaction conditions without using metal catalysts.
A General and Mild Approach to Controllable Preparation of Manganese‐Based Micro‐ and Nanostructured Bars for High Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Guo , Li Sheng , Zhang Weixin , Yang Zeheng , Liu Shulin , Fan Xiaoming , Chen Fei , Tian Yuan , Zhang Weibo , Yang Shihe , Li Mei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOne‐dimensional (1D) micro‐ and nanostructured electrode materials with controllable phase and composition are appealing materials for use in lithium‐ion batteries with high energy and power densities, but they are challenging to prepare. Herein, a novel ethanol–water mediated co‐precipitation method by a chimie douce route (synthesis conducted under mild conditions) has been exploited to selectively prepare an extensive series of manganese‐based electrode materials, manifesting the considerable generalizability and efficacy of the method. Moreover, by simply tuning the mixed solvent and reagents, transition metal oxide bars with differing aspect ratios and compositions were prepared with an unprecedented uniformity. Application prospects are demonstrated by Li‐rich 0.5 Li2MnO3⋅0.5 LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 bars, which demonstrate excellent reversible capacity and rate capability thanks to the steerable nature of the synthesis and material quality. This work opens a new route to 1D micro‐ and nanostructured materials by customizing the precipitating solvent to orchestrate the crystallization process.
The Uptake and Assembly of Alkanes within a Porous Nanocapsule in Water: New Information about Hydrophobic Confinement
Authors: Kopilevich Sivil , Gottlieb Hugo , Keinan‐Adamsky Keren , Müller Achim , Weinstock Ira A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn Nature, enzymes provide hydrophobic cavities and channels for sequestering small alkanes or long‐chain alkyl groups from water. Similarly, the porous metal oxide capsule [{MoVI6O21(H2O)6}12{(MoV2O4)30(L)29(H2O)2}]41− (L=propionate ligand) features distinct domains for sequestering differently sized alkanes (as in Nature) as well as internal dimensions suitable for multi‐alkane clustering. The ethyl tails of the 29 endohedrally coordinated ligands, L, form a spherical, hydrophobic “shell”, while their methyl end groups generate a hydrophobic cavity with a diameter of 11 Å at the center of the capsule. As such, C7 to C3 straight‐chain alkanes are tightly intercalated between the ethyl tails, giving assemblies containing 90 to 110 methyl and methylene units, whereas two or three ethane molecules reside in the central cavity of the capsule, where they are free to rotate rapidly, a phenomenon never before observed for the uptake of alkanes from water by molecular cages or containers.
One‐Electron Oxidation of [M(PtBu3)2] (M=Pd, Pt): Isolation of Monomeric [Pd(PtBu3)2]+ and Redox‐Promoted C−H Bond Cyclometalation
Authors: Troadec Thibault , Tan Sze‐yin , Wedge Christopher J. , Rourke Jonathan P. , Unwin Patrick R. , Chaplin Adrian B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOxidation of zero‐valent phosphine complexes [M(PtBu3)2] (M=Pd, Pt) has been investigated in 1,2‐difluorobenzene solution using cyclic voltammetry and subsequently using the ferrocenium cation as a chemical redox agent. In the case of palladium, a mononuclear paramagnetic PdI derivative was readily isolated from solution and fully characterized (EPR, X‐ray crystallography). While in situ electrochemical measurements are consistent with initial one‐electron oxidation, the heavier congener undergoes C−H bond cyclometalation and ultimately affords the 14 valence‐electron PtII complex [Pt(κ2PC‐PtBu2CMe2CH2)(PtBu3)]+ with concomitant formation of [Pt(PtBu3)2H]+.
Acid–Base‐Triggered Structural Transformation of a Polyoxometalate Core Inside a Dodecahedrane‐like Silver Thiolate Shell
Authors: Liu Hong , Song Chao‐Yu , Huang Ren‐Wu , Zhang Yu , Xu Hong , Li Mei‐Jia , Zang Shuang‐Quan , Gao Guang‐Gang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSelf‐assembly of metavanadate and organosilver(I) salts leads to a novel dodecahedrane‐like [Ag30(tBuS)20]10+ silver(I) thiolate nanocage that tightly wraps an unusual C2h polyoxovanadate anion. The polyoxovanadate core undergoes transformation to a D3d configuration upon acidification, and reverts back to its original C2h structure upon addition of base. Chromism was observed for the silver(I) thiolate cluster during the configurational change of the central polyoxovanadate core; the color of the solution changes reversibly from green to dark yellow. This work represents the first reported example of chromic polyoxometalate‐templated silver(I) thiolate shells that respond to external acid–base stimuli. It also represents an important advance in providing crystallographic proof that structural transformations occur in a nanoscale core–shell cluster.
Copper‐Catalyzed Insertion into Heteroatom–Hydrogen Bonds with Trifluorodiazoalkanes
Authors: Hyde Stephen , Veliks Janis , Liégault Benoît , Grassi David , Taillefer Marc , Gouverneur Véronique 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCopper‐catalyzed Si−H, B−H, P−H, S−H, and N−H insertion reactions of 2,2,2‐trifluoro‐1‐diazoethane and 1‐aryl 2,2,2‐trifluorodiazoethanes generated a large number of new fluorine‐containing chemical entities for medicinal chemists. With selected Si−H and B−H insertion reactions, we demonstrate successful extension to asymmetric catalysis.
Wetting behavior of polymer melts on coated and uncoated tool steel surfaces
Authors: Zitzenbacher Gernot , Huang Zefeng , Längauer Manuel , Forsich Christian , Holzer Clemens 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe wettability of steel and coatings used for tools and screws in polymer processing is often determined at room temperature. However, it has to be taken into account that polymeric materials are processed at higher temperatures. Contact angle measurements of melted PP, HDPE, PMMA, and PA 6.6 on steel and on TiN, TiAlN, CrN, DLC, and PTFE were performed in this work to investigate the wetting behavior under closer‐to‐processing conditions. The contact angle is dependent on time and the ambient atmosphere. Oxidation and degradation of the polymer melts influence wetting significantly. TiN, TiAlN, CrN, and DLC exhibit a rather good wettability, whereas the highest contact angle of the polymer melts was observed with PTFE. Higher roughnesses of the surfaces lead to an increase in the contact angle. It was also shown that a higher temperature causes a better wetting of the solid surfaces. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43469.