bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular Vesicles Obtained from Hypoxic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Induce Neurological Recovery, Anti-inflammation, and Brain Remodeling After Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rats
Authors: Abuzan Mihaela , Surugiu Roxana , Wang Chen , Mohamud-Yusuf Ayan , Tertel Tobias , Catalin Bogdan , Doeppner Thorsten R. , Giebel Bernd , Hermann Dirk M. , Popa-Wagner Aurel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSmall extracellular vesicles (sEVs) obtained from mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have shown considerable promise as restorative stroke treatment. In a head-to-head comparison in mice exposed to transient proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), sEVs obtained from MSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions particularly potently enhanced long-term brain tissue survival, microvascular integrity, and angiogenesis. These observations suggest that hypoxic preconditioning might represent the strategy of choice for harvesting MSC-sEVs for clinical stroke trials. To test the efficacy of hypoxic MSCs in a second stroke model in an additional species, we now exposed 6–8-month-old Sprague–Dawley rats to permanent distal MCAO and intravenously administered vehicle, platelet sEVs, or sEVs obtained from hypoxic MSCs (1% O2; 2 × 106 or 2 × 107 cell equivalents/kg) at 24 h, 3, 7, and 14 days post-MCAO. Over 28 days, motor-coordination recovery was evaluated by rotating pole and cylinder tests. Ischemic injury, brain inflammatory responses, and peri-infarct angiogenesis were assessed by infarct volumetry and immunohistochemistry. sEVs obtained from hypoxic MSCs did not influence infarct volume in this permanent MCAO model, but promoted motor-coordination recovery over 28 days at both sEV doses. Ischemic injury was associated with brain ED1+ macrophage infiltrates and Iba1+ microglia accumulation in the peri-infarct cortex of vehicle-treated rats. Hypoxic MSC-sEVs reduced brain macrophage infiltrates and microglia accumulation in the peri-infarct cortex. In vehicle-treated rats, CD31+/BrdU+ proliferating endothelial cells were found in the peri-infarct cortex. Hypoxic MSC-sEVs increased the number of CD31+/BrdU+ proliferating endothelial cells. Our results provide evidence that hypoxic MSC-derived sEVs potently enhance neurological recovery, reduce neuroinflammation. and increase angiogenesis in rat permanent distal MCAO.
Understanding group capabilities for small-scale tuna fishery certification in Indonesia
Authors: Wiranthi Puspi Eko , Toonen Hilde M. , Oosterveer Peter 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Fair Trade USA Capture Fisheries Standard (CFS) requires small-scale fishers to be organized in groups before getting certified against its voluntary sustainability standard. This raises questions about what groups (can) do to enable individual fishers to participate in and benefit from certification. This study uses a capabilities framework to understand this dynamic. We use a case study of handline tuna fishery in Maluku, Indonesia. Three clusters of groups are included: the groups in Buru Island that have been certified by Fair Trade USA Capture Fisheries Standard and Marine Stewardship Council, the groups in Seram Island that have been certified by Fair Trade USA, and the groups in Buru and Seram Islands that have been excluded from Fair Trade USA certification. The results show how group capabilities play an essential role in group and individual fisher certification. We conclude that there is a need to support group certification as a mechanism to govern sustainability in small-scale fisheries. To achieve group certification policy interventions beyond the certification stakeholders are needed to provide conditions supportive for group capabilities.
Emotional Overshadowing: Pleasant and Unpleasant Cues Overshadow Neutral Cues in Human Associative Learning
Authors: Zhu Jianming , Radulescu Angela , Bennett Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhen learning about stimuli comprised of multiple cues, humans and other animals tend to form stronger cue-outcome associations for more salient cues than for less salient cues. This phenomenon, termed overshadowing, has typically been demonstrated between cues that vary in salience because of differences in physical intensity. In this study, we investigated whether differences in the emotional valence of cues in a compound stimulus similarly led to differences in the strength of cue-outcome learning. Using a probabilistic categorisation task in which stimuli were compounds consisting of pairs of emotional or non-emotional cue images, we found consistent evidence for emotional overshadowing across both an initial exploratory study (N = 50) and a confirmatory preregistered replication study (N = 200). Specifically, both pleasant and unpleasant cue images tended to overshadow neutral cue images, but pleasant and unpleasant cue images did not overshadow one another. Moreover, across stimuli, the magnitude of differences in learning between cues was proportional to differences in their absolute emotional valence, suggesting that attentional capture by both positively and negatively valenced emotions drives overshadowing. These findings have implications for understanding associative learning in natural environments, where stimuli are frequently imbued with emotional valence prior to learning.
Impact of decoupling capacitor aging and temperature for the long-term reliability of power delivery networks
Authors: Di Nella Maurizio , de Paulis Francesco , Olivieri Carlo , Orlandi Antonio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNowadays, almost all electronic systems on printed circuit boards (PCB) adopt a vital element known as the power delivery network (PDN). However, the performance of the PDN is susceptible to variables such as the temperature and aging of its key constituents: the decoupling capacitors (decaps). Consequently, the long-term reliability of the PDN demands meticulous consideration to foresee how its performance can deviate from the initial design specifications. A realistic high-current server system is considered. It involves hundreds of decaps to achieve the required target impedance as optimally selected and laid out by the Power Integrity (PI) designer. The degradation of decap performance is analyzed by collecting experimental data from tens of decaps for each type used in the design while applying an accelerated aging process at different temperatures. The impact of aging in terms of the capacitance, parasitic inductance, and resistance of the decaps is considered to illustrate an innovative methodological design approach based on statistical analysis. Such a design approach can prevent the detrimental impact of a larger noise level due to the gradual performance degradation of the PDN over the intended life cycle of the system.
Unveiling economic resilience: exploring the impact of financial vulnerabilities on economic volatility through the economic vulnerability index
Authors: Oyadeyi Olajide O. , Ibukun Cleopatra O. , Arogundade Sodiq , Oyadeyi Oluwadamilola A. , Biyase Mduduzi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWhile earlier studies have explored the relationship between economic vulnerability and economic resilience, they have repeatedly overlooked the significance of financial vulnerabilities within the economic vulnerability index, and the effects of financial and economic vulnerabilities on economic volatility. An attempt is made in this study to close this research gap by conducting a detailed analysis of the relationship between financial vulnerabilities, economic vulnerability and economic volatility, stressing the significance of tweaking prevailing vulnerability indices to fully encapsulate its multidimensional nature in developing countries. Employing panel data for 142 countries over the 2002 to 2022 period and a robust econometric approach like the Driscoll and Kraay fixed effect method, the study reveals that financial vulnerabilities yield significant coefficients to influence economic volatility, thereby accentuating their significance in the Economic Vulnerability Index. Sub-group analyses reinforce the need for incorporating financial variables in vulnerability investigations. Moreover, the causality tests reveal that all the variables and indices meant to capture the economic and financial vulnerabilities Granger causes economic volatility across the sample. In essence, this study fills a critical gap in existing research by demonstrating, that financial vulnerabilities significantly influence economic volatility, underscoring the imperative of integrating financial variables into vulnerability assessments for policymakers and scholars focusing on sustainable development. This study contributes to a broader understanding of economic vulnerability by highlighting the crucial role of financial vulnerabilities in driving economic volatility, suggesting a fundamental reconsideration of existing vulnerability assessment frameworks for policymakers and researchers focused on sustainable development frameworks. By uncovering the causal relationship between financial vulnerabilities and economic volatility across a diverse set of countries, the findings underscore the imperative of integrating financial factors into vulnerability investigations to enhance resilience and stability in developing economies.
Physicochemical and sensory quality of high antioxidant fruit leather of red dragon fruit and watermelon rind enriched with seaweed
Authors: Ayustaningwarno Fitriyono , Ayu Azzahra Mutiara , Afifah Diana Nur , Anjani Gemala , Nuryanto Nuryanto , Wijayanti Hartanti Sandi , Fitranti Deny Yudi , Tsaniya Lukluk Rona , Afiani Selvi , Razaq Arsyila , Zhu Fan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFruit, as a source of antioxidants and phenolic compounds, is perishable. It also has an underutilized component. Fruit leather has a long shelf life in the form of thin sheets with a distinctive texture. This study aimed to investigate the effect of seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) addition on the physicochemical and sensory quality of fruit leather made from the combination of red dragon fruit and watermelon rind. The physicochemical quality was characterized by measuring the critical quality parameters of fruit leathers, including proximate analysis, water activity, total phenol, antioxidant activity, texture, and organoleptic analysis. The statistical analysis of phenolic compound activity, antioxidant activity, vitamin C, moisture content, carbohydrates, and water activity (aw) was conducted using a one-way ANOVA test, while the analysis of ash content, protein, fat, tensile strength, elongation, and organoleptic properties was performed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Increasing seaweed concentration significantly increased moisture, ash, protein, vitamin C, total phenol, water activity, and elongation but decreased fat content. Furthermore, the increase in seaweed concentration reduced liking toward taste and color significantly but increased texture liking. The best product was the F2 product with 10% seaweed. F2 has the following attributes: 11.07% of moisture content, 2.34% of ash, 1.53% of protein, 0.19% of fat, 84.86% of carbohydrate, 8.17 mg/100 g of vitamin C, 0.41 of water activity, 0.54 N/m2 of tensile strength, 22.22% of elongation, 107.39 ppm of IC50, 1.66 mg/GAE g of total phenolics.
Minimal and proximal examples of
$\bar {d}$
-stable and
$\bar {d}$
-approachable shift spaces
Authors: CAN MELIH EMIN , KONIECZNY JAKUB , KUPSA MICHAL , KWIETNIAK DOMINIK 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study shift spaces over a finite alphabet that can be approximated by mixing shifts of finite type in the sense of (pseudo)metrics connected to Ornstein’s
$\bar {d}$
metric (
$\bar {d}$
-approachable shift spaces). The class of
$\bar {d}$
-approachable shifts can be considered as a topological analog of measure-theoretical Bernoulli systems. The notion of
$\bar {d}$
-approachability, together with a closely connected notion of
$\bar {d}$
-shadowing, was introduced by Konieczny, Kupsa, and Kwietniak [Ergod. Th. & Dynam. Sys.43(3) (2023), 943–970]. These notions were developed with the aim of significantly generalizing specification properties. Indeed, many popular variants of the specification property, including the classic one and the almost/weak specification property, ensure
$\bar {d}$
-approachability and
$\bar {d}$
-shadowing. Here, we study further properties and connections between
$\bar {d}$
-shadowing and
$\bar {d}$
-approachability. We prove that
$\bar {d}$
-shadowing implies
$\bar {d}$
-stability (a notion recently introduced by Tim Austin). We show that for surjective shift spaces with the
$\bar {d}$
-shadowing property the Hausdorff pseudodistance
${\bar d}^{\mathrm {H}}$
between shift spaces induced by
$\bar {d}$
is the same as the Hausdorff distance between their simplices of invariant measures with respect to the Hausdorff distance induced by Ornstein’s metric
$\bar {d}$
between measures. We prove that without
$\bar {d}$
-shadowing this need not to be true (it is known that the former distance always bounds the latter). We provide examples illustrating these results, including minimal examples and proximal examples of shift spaces with the
$\bar {d}$
-shadowing property. The existence of such shift spaces was announced in the earlier paper mentioned above. It shows that
$\bar {d}$
-shadowing indeed generalizes the specification property.
Equilibrium measures for two-sided shift spaces via dimension theory
Authors: CLIMENHAGA VAUGHN , DAY JASON 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiven a two-sided shift space on a finite alphabet and a continuous potential function, we give conditions under which an equilibrium measure can be described using a construction analogous to Hausdorff measure that goes back to the work of Bowen. This construction was previously applied to smooth uniformly and partially hyperbolic systems by the first author, Pesin, and Zelerowicz. Our results here apply to all subshifts of finite type and Hölder continuous potentials, but extend beyond this setting, and we also apply them to shift spaces with synchronizing words.
A Matter of Hono[u]r: Editing and Performing Beethoven’s Late Quartets in 1840s London
Authors: MARSTON NICHOLAS 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe importance to reception history of the first complete cycle of Beethoven’s string quartets, given in London in 1845 by the Beethoven Quartett Society, is securely established. Less well recognized is the significance of the complete edition of the quartets prepared by the cellist Scipion Rousselot and published in London in 1846. This article offers the first close examination of Rousselot’s edition and posits that while its claims for unparalleled correctness were unsustainable, its inclusion, uniquely in the case of the late quartets, of two uncommon features – rehearsal letters and instrumental cues – constitutes a trace of the rehearsal practices of the four players responsible for these historically outstanding performances.
Discussing the concept of substance-induced psychosis (SIP)
Authors: Bramness Jørgen G. , Hjorthøj Carsten , Niemelä Solja , Taipale Heidi , Rognli Eline Borger 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSubstance-induced psychosis (SIP) is characterized by both substance use and a psychotic state, and it is assumed that the first causes the latter. In ICD-10 the diagnosis is categorized as and grouped together with substance use disorders, and to a large extent also treated as such in the health care system. Though criticism of the diagnostic construct of SIP dates back several decades, numerous large and high-quality studies have been published during the past 5–10 years that substantiate and amplify this critique. The way we understand SIP and even how we name it is of major importance for treatment and it has judicial consequences. It has been demonstrated that substance use alone is not sufficient to cause psychosis, and that other risk factors besides substance use are at play. These are risk factors that are also known to be associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Furthermore, register-based studies from several different countries find that a large proportion, around one in four, of those who are initially diagnosed with an SIP over time are subsequently diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder. This scoping review discusses the construct validity of SIP considering recent evidence. We challenge the immanent causal assumption in SIP, and advocate that the condition shares many features with the schizophrenia spectrum disorders. In conclusion, we argue that SIP just as well could be considered a first-episode psychotic disorder in patients with substance use.
Using Shortened Spin‐Ups to Speed Up Ocean Biogeochemical Model Optimization
Authors: Oliver S. , Khatiwala S. , Cartis C. , Ward Ben , Kriest Iris 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe performance of global ocean biogeochemical models can be quantified as the misfit between modeled tracer distributions and observations, which is sought to be minimized during parameter optimization. These models are computationally expensive due to the long spin‐up time required to reach equilibrium, and therefore optimization is often laborious. To reduce the required computational time, we investigate whether optimization of a biogeochemical model with shorter spin‐ups provides the same optimized parameters as one with a full‐length, equilibrated spin‐up over several millennia. We use the global ocean biogeochemical model MOPS with a range of lengths of model spin‐up and calibrate the model against synthetic observations derived from previous model runs using a derivative‐free optimization algorithm (DFO‐LS). When initiating the biogeochemical model with tracer distributions that differ from the synthetic observations used for calibration, a minimum spin‐up length of 2,000 years was required for successful optimization due to certain parameters which influence the transport of matter from the surface to the deeper ocean, where timescales are longer. However, preliminary results indicate that successful optimization may occur with an even shorter spin‐up by a judicious choice of initial condition, here the synthetic observations used for calibration, suggesting a fruitful avenue for future research.
Intensification and Changing Spatial Extent of Heavy Rainfall in Urban Areas
Authors: Torelló‐Sentelles Herminia , Marra Francesco , Koukoula Marika , Villarini Gabriele , Peleg Nadav 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUrban areas have been shown to impact rainfall by altering both its intensity and spatial structure at sub‐hourly and sub‐kilometer scales. However, there is currently no clear understanding of the precise pattern of change and the mechanisms that drive these changes. Since the hydrological response in urban areas is highly sensitive to such rainfall properties, understanding these changes is critical to improving our ability to assess urban flood risk. We use 7 years of high‐resolution weather radar data (4‐ or 5‐min and 1 km) to analyze changes in patterns of rainfall intensity, spatial structure, and storm evolution across eight urban areas within Europe and the United States. The use of the same methodology across the different cities enables a consistent comparison among them. We track convective rainfall events using a storm tracking algorithm and assess changes in rainfall properties in the upwind, center, and downwind regions of each city. We also investigate changes in the frequency of storm initiations, terminations, splitting, and merging. Our results show that urban areas act to intensify rainfall—mostly over them, but sometimes on their peripheries. Overall, larger cities tend to show the largest rainfall enhancements. Our findings highlight that rainfall spatial structure is altered over the urban core; usually resulting in more spatially concentrated rainfall. We also observe increased storm initiations over most cities and increased storm splitting over one. Given that demographic projections show that future urban population will increase, our results point toward an increased future flood risk in growing cities.
The Influence of Large‐Scale Spatial Warming on Jet Stream Extreme Waviness on an Aquaplanet
Authors: Batelaan T. J. , Weijenborg C. , Steeneveld G. J. , van Heerwaarden C. C. , Sinclair V. A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe effect of modified equator‐to‐pole temperature gradients on the jet stream by low‐level polar warming and upper‐level tropical warming is not fully understood. We perform aquaplanet simulations to quantify the impact of different sea surface temperature distributions on jet stream strength, large wave amplitudes and extreme waviness. The responses to warming in the waviness metrics Sinuosity Index and Local Wave Activity are sensitive to the latitude range over which they are calculated. Therefore, we use a latitude range that accurately represents the position of the jet. The uniform warming scenario strengthens the jet and reduces large wave amplitudes. Reductions in meridional temperature gradients lead to weakened mid‐latitudinal jet strength and show significant decreases in large wave amplitudes and jet stream waviness. These findings contradict the mechanism that weakened jet streams increase wave amplitudes and extreme jet stream waviness. We conclude that weakened jet streams do not necessarily become wavier.
The Origin of the Lehmann Discontinuity Beneath the Ancient Craton: Insight From the High Pressure‐Temperature Elasticity Measurements of Topaz
Authors: Yu Yingxin , Li Luo , Zhang Xinyue , Mao Zhu , Sun Ningyu , Li Jing , Li Xinyang , Li Wancai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, we concentrate on the seismic signature of subducted sediments and suggest the formation of the L‐discontinuity beneath the ancient craton related to migrated sediment dehydration. We first determined the single‐crystal elasticity of topaz, the product of sediment dehydration, at high pressures and temperatures by Brillouin scattering. Using the derived elastic parameters, we establish the velocity and density profiles of subducted sediments in the upper mantle. According to our modeling results, 8.5–17.5 vol.% sediments intruding into the upper mantle will induce a 2%–4% low‐VS anomaly at 210–260 km. Meanwhile, continuous heating will lead to the dehydration of phengite in sediments. The dehydration of this amount sediments can generate a 3%–6% ISS with negative Clapeyron slopes, satisfying the observed L‐discontinuity in northern Finland and northern America without the anisotropy changes but accompanied by low‐velocity anomalies. Our study thus provides new insights into the origin of the L‐discontinuity.
Rapid Downwelling of Tracer Particles Across the Boundary Layer and Into the Pycnocline at Submesoscale Ocean Fronts
Authors: Pham Hieu T. , Verma Vicky , Sarkar Sutanu , Shcherbina Andrey Y. , D’Asaro Eric A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA neutrally buoyant float deployed in an atmospherically driven turbulent ocean boundary layer on the dense side of a submesoscale front was repeatedly carried across the boundary layer by the turbulence and then trapped beneath the slumping front. Lagrangian particles in a large‐eddy simulation of a similar baroclinically unstable front forced by surface cooling move along convergent surface filaments toward filament junctions. They are also caught by convective plumes that downwell them at speeds similar to those of the float. Subsequently, some are trapped in the pycnocline by frontal slumping due to ageostrophic secondary frontal circulations. In both observations and simulations, boundary layer turbulence and frontal circulations work together to trap and subduct particles from the mixed layer. The small‐scale boundary layer motions move them vertically within the boundary layer and larger, submesoscale frontal circulations move them laterally out of the boundary layer and under the slumping fronts.