bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global Reduction of Information Exchange during Anesthetic-Induced Unconsciousness
Authors: Hamilton Christina , Ma Yuncong , Zhang Nanyin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDuring anesthetic-induced unconsciousness (AIU), the brain undergoes a dramatic change in its capacity to exchange information between regions. However, the spatial distribution of information exchange loss/gain across the entire brain remains elusive. In the present study, we acquired and analyzed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) data in rats during wakefulness and graded levels of consciousness induced by incrementally increasing the concentration of isoflurane. We found that, regardless of spatial scale, theabsolutefunctional connectivity (FC) change was significantly dependent on the FC strength at the awake state across all connections. This dependency became stronger at higher doses of isoflurane. In addition, therelativeFC change (i.e. the FC change normalized to the corresponding FC strength at the awake state) exhibited a spatially homogenous reduction across the whole brain particularly after animals lost consciousness, indicating a globally uniform disruption of meaningful information exchange. To further support this notion, we showed that during unconsciousness, the entropy of rsfMRI signal increased to a value comparable to random noise while the mutual information decreased appreciably. Importantly, consistent results were obtained when unconsciousness was induced by dexmedetomidine, an anesthetic agent with a distinct molecular action than isoflurane. This result indicates that the observed global reduction in information exchange may be agent invariant. Taken together, these findings provide compelling neuroimaging evidence suggesting that the brain undergoes a widespread, uniform disruption in the exchange of meaningful information during AIU, and that this change may represent a common systems-level neural mechanism of AIU.
Restrictive practices on refugees in Australia with intellectual disability and challenging behaviours: a family’s story
Authors: King Julie , Edwards Niki , Correa-Velez Ignacio , Darracott Rosalyn , Fordyce Maureen 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the experiences of a refugee family navigating complex disability and restrictive practice service systems. Living with disability, or caring for someone with disability can compound the disadvantage and marginalisation already experienced by refugees. The nexus between disability and refugee status, particularly intellectual disability and restrictive practices, has received little scholarly attention and almost nothing is known of people’s experiences in this situation.

Design/methodology/approach
Thematic analysis of a case study is used to illustrate the experiences of a refugee family in this situation. The case study presented was part of a larger ethnographic study exploring the experiences of people of refugee background living with disability.

Findings
There were numerous barriers to accessing appropriate services. The family experienced high levels of stress simultaneously navigating the resettlement process and the disability service system. They were poorly informed and disempowered regarding the care of their loved one and the use of restrictive practices. Experiences in the country of origin, employment responsibilities, and unfamiliarity with the service system were key factors in this family’s difficulty in safeguarding the rights of their family member with disability.

Originality/value
This case study examines the complexity experienced when disability intersects with refugee background. Areas for additional research and significant gaps in service provision are identified. The case study clearly demonstrates the importance of understanding people’s pre- and post-settlement experiences to inform policy and service provision.
Contextualizing employability
Authors: Kovalenko Maxim , Mortelmans Dimitri 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
Individual employability has become a crucial element in ensuring labor security in flexibilizing labor markets. The importance of agency-side factors as antecedents of employability has been emphasized in the relevant literature, spurring the criticism that some worker groups may be more restricted than others by contextual factors in respect to their employment prospects. The purpose of this paper is to examine empirically how labor market groups differ in what shapes their employability.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors used a representative sample of 1,055 employees to detect differences in the impact of career self-directedness (agency-side) and several contextual factors (structure-side) on employability, comparing workers with and without higher education and workers in and outside managerial positions. Confirmatory factor analysis with subsequent tests of invariance was used.

Findings
Results confirm that employability is affected both by contextual factors and by self-directedness. No significant differences were observed between the compared groups in the extent to which self-directedness and the contextual factors influence employability. An important finding is that self-directedness itself is affected by preceding career history (career mobility and previous unemployment), which may suggest a vicious-circle relationship between past and future career precariousness.

Practical/implications
The findings support the view prevailing in policy circles that fostering agency-side factors such as self-directedness is instrumental toward achieving higher employment security. At the same time, individual agency cannot replace traditional policy measures in tackling structural labor market inequalities.

Originality/value
This study uses robust methodology and a representative respondent sample to statistically disentangle the effects of agency and context on employability. Its key contribution pertains to the explicit comparison of different worker groups, with separate contrasts on each model parameter.
Political skill reduces the negative impact of distrust
Authors: Coleman Gallagher Vickie , Meurs James A. , Harris Kenneth J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeA number of studies have explored the benefits (e.g. enhanced job performance and reduced strain), of being politically skilled. Within the framework of uncertainty management theory, the purpose of this paper is to explore the benefits of high political skill to affective commitment, job satisfaction, and perceived job mobility, under conditions of distrust in management.Design/methodology/approachSales representatives were surveyed and moderated multiple regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data.FindingsThe authors found that as distrust increased, affective commitment decreased for all persons, but was most pronounced for persons low on political skill. However, distrust in management had no impact on job satisfaction for those high on political skill, allowing persons high on political skill to enjoy their jobs despite high levels of distrust (an intrapsychic benefit of political skill). Finally, as distrust in management increased, persons high on political skill had increased perceived job mobility.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is cross-sectional, limiting conclusions about causality in the relationships studied and leaving open the possibility of reverse causation.Practical implicationsThis research has important implications, such that, under conditions of distrust, persons low on political skill are less committed, more dissatisfied, and feel a sense of job immobility, which could lead to poor work outcomes, such as decreased job performance.Originality/valueThe study is the first to examine how being politically skilled benefits employee outcomes when the employee distrusts management.
Spectral modelling of force ripples in permanent magnet bearingless motors
Authors: Lapôtre B. , Takorabet N. , Meibody-Tabar F. , Lateb R. , Da Silva J. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose an analytical model for the calculation of forces ripples in bearingless permanent magnet motor.

Design/methodology/approach
The model is based on a spectral modeling of the forces based on a spectral analysis of the air-gap flux density.

Findings
The proposed methodology allows the prediction of the ripples of the levitation according the design of the machine and the topology of the winding. It can be used in the design procedure of bearingless motor in order to avoid mechanical resonance of the rotor shaft.

Research limitations/implications
This model cannot be used for high saturated machines.

Originality/value
The main originality of this paper consists in the evaluation of the field harmonics according to their sources and the contribution of the different harmonics to the force ripples. This can help the designer to focus on reducing or eliminating only the harmonics of flux density which create the force ripples.
Three phase z-source neutral point clamped inverter with multicarrier PWM technique
Authors: Edwin Deepak F.X. , Rajasekaran V. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the three phase seven-level Z-source neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter with multicarrier pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique. Despite numerous topologies and modulation methods, there is a dire need of developing PWM techniques that can be deployed in multilevel inverters. These inverters decrease the total harmonic distortion and it has a good performance for various electrical power system applications. The proposed inverter is investigated for its performance by executing it in shoot through and non-shoot through modes.

Design/methodology/approach
The purpose is validated through MATLAB/Simulink software platform for implementing the proposed seven-level Z-source NPC inverter outlined with multicarrier based phase disposition technique. The experimental results are verified using SPARTAN 3E FPGA controller with the same control strategy.

Findings
The efficiency of the proposed inverter is confirmed in terms of increased and faster conversion in the shoot-through mode. By using PDPWM technique the maximum boost gain is achieved with lower modulation index. High control of DC voltage is obtained with only one DC voltage source and one Z network.

Originality/value
Three phase multilevel inverters are widely used in improving the output voltage quality and reducing the encountered electromagnetic interference in electronic device or circuitry. They are employed in medium and high –power applications to attain increased power ratings while decreasing the switching losses. The performance results shown in this paper will satisfy the above needs of usage in certain applications and less switching losses.
Adaptive impulse detection based selective window median filter for removal of random-valued impulse noise in digital images
Authors: Ashok K. , Kalaiselvi A. , Vijaykumar V.R. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
One of the fundamental tasks in the field of image processing is image denoising. Images are often corrupted by different types of noise and the restoration of images degraded with random-valued impulse noise is still a challenging task. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents an adaptive threshold-based impulse noise detection following by a novel selective window median filter for restoration of RVIN pixels.

Findings
The proposed method emphasis a local image statistics using an exponential nonlinear function with an adaptive threshold is derived from the rank-ordered trimmed median absolute difference (ROTMAD) are deliberated to detect the noisy pixels. In the filtering stage, a selective 3×3 moving window median filter is applied to restore the detected noisy pixel.

Originality/value
Experimental result shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing state-of-art techniques in terms of noise removal and quantitative metrics such as peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), mean absolute error (MAE), structural similarity index metric (SSIM) and miss and false detection rate.
Wide area adaptive hybrid fuzzy STATCOM controller for dynamic stability enhancement
Authors: Ganesh Aman , Dahiya Ratna , Singh Girish Kumar 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop an adaptive fuzzy controller for STATCOM to damp low-frequency inter-area oscillation over wide operating range using wide area signals in multimachine power system.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper tuneable fuzzy model is proposed where the parameters of the fuzzy inference system are tuned by using the adaptive characteristic of the artificial neural network. Based on back propagation algorithm and method of least square estimation, the fuzzy inference rule base is tweaked according to the data from which they are modelled. The wide area control signals, for the proposed controller, available in the power system are selected on the basis of eigenvalue sensitivity defined in terms of participation factor.

Findings
The effectiveness of the proposed controller with wide area signals is tested on two test cases, namely, two area network and IEEE 12 bus benchmark system. The comparative analysis of the proposed adaptive fuzzy controller is carried out with conventional STATCOM controller along with fuzzy-and neural-based supplementary controller all using selected wide area signals. The results show that neural network tuned fuzzy controller leads to better system identification and have enhanced damping characteristics over wide operating range.

Originality/value
In the available literature, numerous researchers have indicated the use of fuzzy logic controller and neural controller along with their hybrid schemes as STATCOM controller for improving the dynamics of the multimachine power system using local signals. The main contribution of the paper is in using the hybrid intelligent control scheme for STATCOM using wide area signals. The advantage of proposed scheme is that the performance of well-designed fuzzy system can be enhanced with the same training data that are used for designing a neural controller thus giving enhanced performance in comparison to individual intelligent control scheme.
Statistical soft error rate estimation of combinational circuits using Bayesian networks
Authors: Sabet M. Amin , Ghavami Behnam 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
With continuous scaling of digital circuit CMOS technology, the vulnerability of these circuits are significantly increasing against the soft errors. On the other hand, the effects of process variation in the electrical properties of nano-scale circuits, have introduced the statistical methods as an unavoidable choice for the soft error rate (SER) estimation. The purpose of this paper is to provide a statistical soft error rate (SSER) estimation approach for combinational circuits in the presence of process variation.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper a new method is proposed for the SSER estimation of combinational circuits based on the Bayesian networks (BNs). This allows to factor the joint probability distributions over variables in a circuit graph. The distribution of the initial transient fault pulse is estimated by the pre-characterization tables. Timing signals are propagated by BN theory and the probability distribution of electrical and timing masking are calculated.

Findings
Simulation results for some benchmark circuits show that the proposed method is accurate with 3.7 percent difference with the Monte-Carlo SPICE simulation and with orders of magnitude improvement in runtime.

Originality/value
The proposed framework is the scheme giving the low estimation time with plausible accuracy compared to other schemes. The comparison exhibits that the designer can save its estimation time in terms of performance and complexity. The deterministic-based methods also are able to evaluate the SER of combinational circuit, yet in an unacceptable time.
Multiphysical computation of the structural bending in a bottom-drive VCM
Authors: García-Moreno Salatiel , Bandala-Sánchez Manuel 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
This paper intends to lay a background knowledge towards the feasibility of developing a bottom-drive variable capacitance micromotor (VCM) using a surface micromachining process (SMP). The purpose of this paper is to determine the possibility of neglecting the bending of the rotor plates caused by the electrostatic normal forces when deploying a set of mechanical supports.

Design/methodology/approach
A multiphysics simulation approach is considered in order to analyse the coupled electromechanical effects in a steady state and to evaluate if the proposed geometries are useful to reduce the bending of the plates.

Findings
A surfaced micromachined bottom-drive VCM requires mechanical reinforcement in order to eliminate the risk of an electrical short circuit caused by the deformation in the rotor plates. The combination of an external supporting ring and anchored structural ribs on top of the rotor poles is sufficient to neglect the deformation in the poles of the rotor.

Originality/value
An original analysis with the objective of setting a background in the development of a bottom-drive electrostatic micromotor using a SMP is presented.
A comprehensive approach to single and double line contingency screening
Authors: Montagna Mario 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show some techniques to perform line contingency screening efficiently.

Design/methodology/approach
Computation efficiency and speed are mandatory requirements of contingency screening, especially when multiple outages need to be considered. The classical bounding principle, i.e. the idea that the effects of an outage are restricted to the area where the outage occurs, becomes increasingly difficult to apply to multiple contingencies. In the present work a comprehensive strategy, based on a systematic elimination of non-dangerous outages, is shown to be easily applicable to both single and double contingencies.

Findings
Tests show the efficiency of the proposed methods with reference to test systems and to an actual network with up to 800 buses.

Originality/value
The bounding approach is the basis of most efficient contingency screening methods based on the linear dc load flow model. In the present work the method is re-considered to improve computational efficiency. The symmetry of the dc Jacobian and the sparse inverse technique are suitably exploited in the evaluation of line outage distribution factors; this also allows a combination of single and double line contingency screening into a single procedure.
Congestion management in deregulated power system using hybrid cat-firefly algorithm with TCSC and SVC FACTS devices
Authors: Avudayappan Naraina , Deepa S.N. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The loading and power variations in the power system, especially for the peak hours have abundant concussion on the loading patterns of the open access transmission system. During such unconditional state of loading the transmission line parameters and the line voltages show a substandard profile, which depicts exaction of congestion management of the power line in such events. The purpose of this paper is to present an uncomplicated and economical model for congestion management using flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices.

Design/methodology/approach
The approach desires a two-step procedure, first by optimal placement of thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) and static VAR compensator (SVC) as FACTS devices in the network; second tuning the control parameters to their optimized values. The optimal location and tuning of TCSC and SVC represents a hectic optimization problem, due to its multi-objective and constrained nature. Hence, a reassuring heuristic optimization algorithm inspired by behavior of cat and firefly is employed to find the optimal placement and tuning of TCSC and SVC.

Findings
The effectiveness of the proposed model is tested through simulation on standard IEEE 14-bus system. The proposed approach proves to be better than the earlier existing approaches in the literature.

Research limitations/implications
With the completed simulation and results, it is proved that the proposed scheme has reduced the congestion in line, thereby increasing the voltage stability along with improved loading capability for the congested lines.

Practical implications
The usefulness of the proposed scheme is justified with the computed results, giving convenience for implementation to any practical transmission network.

Originality/value
This paper fulfills an identified need to study exaction of congestion management of the power line.
Coordinated reactive power optimization for multi-TSO grids in an autonomous way
Authors: Zhang Anan , Chen Shi , Zhang Fan , Zhang Xuliang , Li Hongwei , Gong Xue 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
It is very indispensable for the various control centers of multi-transmission system owners (TSOs) grids to coordinate their reactive power optimization (RPO) efforts. However, such coordinated equilibrium point is comparatively hard to achieve unless one TSO control center could obtain all grids’ information in detail, which may lead to confidential issue and heavy communicating load. The purpose of this paper is to propose a solution to optimizing the reactive power control efforts among multi-TSOs grids with a mathematic interconnection model and reasonable communication cost.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the interconnected power network equation, the stability-related optimum reactive power injection and the power-loss-related optimum reactive power injection were derived, respectively. Furthermore, according to the decomposition-and-coordination-based computing methodology, a coordinated RPO model for interconnected TSOs was designed, taking into consideration both the static voltage stability and economy.

Findings
The extreme values for the indicator L of power grid voltage stability and active power loss function were found and proved to be minimums. According to these extreme values, an expression for the reactive power injection at interconnected nodes between TSOs grids was obtained, and a coordinated strategy of RPO was established, which could take the static voltage stability and economy into consideration without confidential concern.

Originality/value
The existence of minimum values for indicator L of voltage stability and power loss was demonstrated, respectively. And the method presented in this paper can ensure the safety of information among different TSO grids, i.e. avoiding confidential issues. In particular, the coordinated control method can be implemented on the local power grid without knowing all of the parameters of its interconnection.