bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subcutaneous delivery of mesenchymal stromal cells induces immunoregulatory effects in the lymph node independent of their apoptosis
Authors: Zheng Di , Bhuvan Tejasvini , Payne Natalie L. , Pang Swee H.M. , Mendonca Senora , Hutchinson Mark R. , McKinnirey Flyn , Morgan Charlotte , Vesey Graham , Meagher Laurence , Heng Tracy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy commonly involves systemic infusion of MSCs, which undergo apoptosis in the lung and induce immunoregulatory macrophages that reduce disease. The relevance of this mode of action, however, is yet to be determined for MSCs administered via other routes. Here, we administered MSCs via subcutaneous (SC) injection into inflamed tissue and investigated the immunomodulatory effects on the local lymph node (LN), which is a major site for the initiation and regulation of immune responses.
Methods
A mouse model of localised skin inflammation was established with low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to in vivo prime adipose-derived MSCs delivered via SC injection. We then analysed the immunomodulatory changes in the LN draining the inflamed tissue, as well as the neutrophil TNF response to LPS re-exposure.
Results
When administered directly into the inflamed skin tissue, SC MSC injection induced an expansion of IL-10-producing MerTK+ subcapsular sinus macrophages and T cell zone macrophages, as well as activated CD44+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), in the draining LN, which was not observed in the non-draining LN. SC injection of viable, but not apoptotic, MSCs dampened TNF production by inflammatory cells in the draining LN when re-exposed to the inflammatory stimulus. SC injection of MSCs remote to the site of inflammation also did not attenuate the LN response to subsequent inflammatory challenge.
Conclusions
MSCs delivered directly into inflamed skin activated immunoregulatory cells in the local LN and inhibited LN responsiveness to subsequent inflammatory challenge. The immunoregulatory effects of SC-injected MSCs in the LN require priming by inflammatory cytokines in the local milieu. Furthermore, SC-injected MSCs exert anti-inflammatory effects in the draining LN independent of their apoptosis, in contrast to intravenously delivered MSCs, where anti-inflammatory effects are linked to their apoptosis.
Prevalence of AI-generated language in introductory physics lab reports, before and after ChatGPT
Authors: Arvidsson Kim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This article investigates 797 introductory college and university physics lab reports to find the prevalence and character of AI-generated language in them since the release of ChatGPT. The lab reports were inspected manually and using two AI detection services, GPTZero and Turnitin. In the year since the release of ChatGPT, both AI detection services detect a statistically significant increase in generative AI language, which was found in 7.7% of lab reports. Students who used generative AI tended to use it multiple times. Six qualitative features of generative AI language were identified and given labels; verbose generality, fake concern, absence of numbers, suspicious formatting, significant 'waffling', and unrelated example. The AI detection services were found to be useful in detecting AI-generated language as they can highlight suspected sentences. Their AI detection scores generally correlated with the presence of manually found generative AI language. Care must be taken to identify false positives, primarily due to the technical writing nature of physics lab reports and AI-based spelling and grammar tools.
Distribution and Diversity of Nonwood Forest Product (NWFP) Species in Sal and Teak Landscapes: A Central Indian Perspective
Authors: Biswas Priyanka , Upadhyay Anup Prakash 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The Mandla district of Madhya Pradesh is a transitional zone between tropical dry deciduous forest and tropical moist deciduous forest. For the quadrats, systematic random sampling and square quadrats 10 m*10 m in size were used in two territorial forest divisions and one wildlife-protected area. Software such as QGIS, MS Excel, and PAST was used for the study. Tectona grandis (Teak) and Shorea robusta (Sal) are the major tree species in the area of study and are associated with different species depending on climatic and edaphic factors. These forest types support many nonwood forest produce (NWFP) species, which support the livelihood of local communities. Species such as Madhuca sp., Diospyros melanoxylon, Buchanania lanzan, Boswellia serrata, and Embelia basal are the major NWFP species found here. The Shannon-Weinner diversity (H’) index and Simpson (1-D) diversity index for Teak and Sal forests were highly diverse in both types of forests. In this study, we found that Shorea sp., one of the major NWFPs, presented the highest density. Madhuca sp. is one of the key NWFPs in both types of forests but is present primarily near the agricultural lands surrounding the villages. Diospyros melanoxylon was present at a very high frequency in Teak forest rather than in Sal forest. The IVI for both Maduca sp. and Diospyros melanoxylon was greater in the Teak forest than in the Sal forest, indicating a major socioecological role in both forest types.
Deep Learning-Based Dose Prediction for Low-Energy Electron Superficial Radiotherapy
Authors: Huang Jialin , Dai Zhitao , Hu Shuai , Ye Yuanchun , Chen Yuling , Li Ming , Niu Tianye , Zheng Jinfen , Huang Yongsheng , Bi Yuanjie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Accurate and rapid surface dose calculation is critical in superficiallow-energy electron radiotherapy due to the shallow treatment depth and the riskof radiation-induced skin toxicity. Traditional Monte Carlo (MC) simulations,while precise, can be computationally expensive and time-consuming.
Methods: To improve both the accuracy and speed of dose calculations, thisstudy combined MC simulations with deep learning techniques. Low-energy electron beams were simulated for six body sites using DOSXYZnrc, producing CTphantoms and corresponding dose distributions. A cascaded 3D-UNet (C3D) model was trained on these MC simulation datasets to predict dose distributionsrapidly.
Results: The C3D model demonstrated a mean absolute percentage error(MAPE) of less than 8% for one-dimensional dose curves, with no significantdifferences found in t-tests. The maximum dose difference observed across different body sites in 2D slices was 0.0421 ± 0.0340. The model achieved an overallGamma pass rate of over 92.09 ± 0.51% within 1%/1mm tolerance, and fordose distribution (DD) analysis under the 1% tolerance, the pass rate was 93.58± 0.21%. Additionally, the C3D model completed dose predictions in just 0.42seconds, making it approximately 140,000 times faster than MC simulations.
Conclusion: The integration of deep learning with MC simulations significantlyenhances the efficiency of surface dose calculations in superficial electron radiotherapy. The C3D model provides rapid and accurate dose predictions, facilitatingmore efficient treatment planning while maintaining high accuracy compared totraditional MC methods.
Few-Shot Meta-Learning for Efficient Intrusion Detection in Contiki OS-based Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Prasad Mahendra , Mohapatra Pragyanshree , Tripathi Sachin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a more promising communication technique, but it is highly susceptible to attacks due to the lack of physical monitoring. This work focuses on enhancing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) using Contiki OS to simulate Denial-of-Service, Blackhole, and Selective Forwarding attacks. CC2538DK sensor nodes are programmed to inject these attacks and generate data for IDS training. To evaluate performance, the proposed work is executed on the generated and the WSN-DS publicly available IDS datasets. A key challenge in IDS development is the scarcity of labeled data for detecting new attacks. To address this problem, the method proposed a few-shot learning based IDS and applied a prototype-based neural network with a meta-learning strategy. Experimental results show that with a sample size of 25 or more per class, the model achieves an accuracy of approximately 96% while maintaining an accuracy of 93.2% with fewer than ten samples per class. This approach effectively detects new or previously unseen attacks.
Perception of Members toward Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI Program, in Ethiopia: Insight from customer satisfaction national survey
Authors: Wondimtekahu Adamu , Bedassa Alemayehu , Mengistu Dereje , Faye Hilina , Meselu Wudalew , Debebe Teklu , Andualem Yamerot , Habte Bereket , Tesgera Geremew , Gietaneh Wodaje , Yoseph Tigist , Dereje Kidist , Abebe Frehiwot , Aragaw Muluken , Beyene Adamtachew , Ararso Mekonen , Teshome Fikru 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
This study investigates the perceptions of Community-Based Health Insurance (CBHI) holders across various regions and demographic factors in Ethiopia, focusing on their views regarding key aspects of the CBHI program. CBHI initiatives are crucial for enhancing healthcare access and providing financial protection, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In Ethiopia (since 2011), the CBHI program has been part of broader health sector reforms aimed at reducing out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expenses and improving service delivery [1].
Method
This study employs data from a national customer survey and analyzes responses from CBHI members, who rated aspects such as registration, contribution rates, service efficiency, and travel costs on a five-point Likert scale. This national survey employed a correctional study design and a questionnaire as a data collection tool. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and composite variable scoring were used to interpret the data.
Result
the Key findings reveal a strong positive perception of the registration process, with 91% of respondents viewing it favorably and 88% finding the contribution rates fair. These elements are crucial for member retention and the sustainability of the CBHI scheme. However, only 75% of the respondents were satisfied with the convenience of services provided under the CBHI, indicating significant areas for improvement, particularly in terms of the efficiency and quality of healthcare services. The study also highlights substantial regional differences, with Dire Dawa showing the highest positive perceptions and Benishangul Gumuz the lowest. Additionally, factors such as age, employment status, duration of CBHI membership, healthcare usage, residence, and awareness level significantly influenced members' perceptions.
Conclusion and Recommendation:
The findings underscore the need to address region-specific challenges and demographic disparities within the CBHI program. While highly positive perceptions of registration and contribution fairness are encouraging, less favorable views of service convenience and regional disparities suggest uneven program implementation. To improve CBHI effectiveness, policymakers should focus on enhancing service convenience, particularly in regions with higher negative perceptions, through better resource allocation, staff training, and infrastructure improvements. Addressing demographic disparities, particularly among rural populations, younger age groups, and lower-income households, is also essential. Future research should explore these disparities further and evaluate the long-term impact of the CBHI on healthcare access and financial protection.
Flatness-based disturbance observer and control for a robotic mining excavator
Authors: Rigatos Gerasimos , Abbaszadeh Masoud , Zouari Farouk , Siano Pierlugi , Al-Numay Mohammed , Cuccurullo Gennaro 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

A main issue in the design of a stabilizing feedback controller for robotic mining excavators is the compensation of unknown forces which are exerted on the excavator's dipper when removing the soil. These forces may vary according to the condition of the soil while harsh operating conditions make difficult their direct measuring with the use of dedicated force sensors. To address this problem the article proposes a flatness-based disturbance observer and control method for the dynamic model of thee 2-DOF robotic mining excavator. It is proven that the dynamic model of the robotic excavator is differentially flat and thus it can be transformed into the input-output linearized form and into the canonical Brunovsky form. The forces which are generated due to the contact of the robot's dipper with the soil take the form of additive disturbance inputs. Next, the state-vector of the robot is extended by considering as additional state variables the cumulative disturbance terms and their time-derivatives. The new model is observable, thus a Kalman Filter-based disturbance observer is finally designed which allows for estimating simultaneously the state variables of the robot and the additive perturbation inputs. By identifying precisely the forces which are due to the contact with the ground one can also update the system's flatness-based controller so as to ensure global stability and fast convergence of the state variables of the robotic excavator to the associated setpoints.
First demonstration of Super-X divertor exhaust control for transient heat load management in compact fusion reactors
Authors: Kool Bob , Verhaegh Kevin , Derks Gijs , Wijkamp Tijs , Koenders Jesse , Lonigro Nicola , McArdle Graham , Vincent Charles , Lovell Jack , Henderson Stuart , Federici Fabio , Osawa Ryoko , Brida Domnik , Reimerdes Holger , Osborne Nicholas , Doyle Rhys , Berkel Matthijs 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Nuclear fusion could offer clean, abundant energy. However, managing the power exhausted from the core fusion plasma towards the reactor wall remains a major challenge, compounded in emerging compact reactor designs promising more cost-effective pathways towards commercial fusion energy. Alternative Divertor Configurations (ADCs) are a potential solution. In this work, ADC exhaust control is demonstrated for the first time, employing a novel method to diagnose the neutral gas buffer which shields the target. Our work on MAST-U shows that ADCs tackle key risks and uncertainties for fusion energy: 1) their highly reduced sensitivity to perturbations enables active exhaust control in otherwise unfeasible situations and facilitates 2) passive absorption of transients which would otherwise damage the divertor; furthermore, 3) isolating each divertor from other reactor regions enables near-independent control of the divertors and core plasma. Our work showcases the real-world benefits of ADCs for effective heat load management in reactors.
Synthesis of Pt and Pd Supported Nanocatalysts. Study of Kaolinite Layered Structure Effect on Their Catalytic Activity
Authors: Gabrielyan Artur , Grigoryan Karine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In recent years kaolinite-supported nanoscale catalytic systems have been widely used in the mining industry owing to their high efficiency and selectivity. In this article, we present a synthesis and catalytic activity study (on n-heptane hydrocracking and hydroreforming processes) of kaolinite-, Al2O3- and silica gel- supported Pt/Pd catalysts. The structural peculiarities of these nanocatalysts were characterized using FTIR, SEM, X-ray powder diffraction and BET techniques. The obtained results show that the catalytic activity of Pt catalysts is higher compared to corresponding Pd catalysts, and the n-heptane conversion on Pt/SiO2 and Pd/SiO2 catalysts are weaker than corresponding catalysts deposited on Al2O3. Moreover, it has been discovered that swelling kaolinite with polar aprotic solvents, such as DMSO, and impregnating with Pt/Pd salts, results in formation of nanosized metal particles with high catalytic activity. The presented results also show that Pt/kaolinite catalysts were weaker in their activity to Pt/kaolinite/DMSO catalyst.
Research on Enhancing C-V2X Communication via Danger-Aware Vehicular Networking
Authors: Sadeeq Lanre Gbenga , Ajao Qasim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This paper presents a protocol that optimizes message dissemination in C-V2X technology, which is crucial for advancing intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to enhance road safety. As vehicle density and velocity rise, the volume of data requiring communication significantly increases. By considering the danger and risk levels that vehicles encounter and using inter-vehicle proximity as a key indicator of potential hazards, the proposed protocol prioritizes communication, allowing vehicles facing higher risks to transmit their messages first. Our results show that this prioritization effectively reduces the number of concurrent transmissions, leading to improved performance metrics such as packet delivery ratio, throughput, latency, and lower probabilities of channel congestion and collision.
Study on Dipping Pattern of Blood Pressure in Patients with Type 2 DM and its Correlation with the Duration of Diabetes, Glycaemic Control, and Renal Status
Authors: Nandini Hamsa , Ravikumar YS , Mahadevappa Manjappa 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Normal circadian blood pressure response includes a nocturnal fall in BP by 10 to 20% of the average daytime BP. Many diseases, including
diabetes mellitus, alter these normal circadian BP changes. DM, through its long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications, such as
autonomic neuropathy, affects BP dipping patterns by decreasing dipping (non-dipper), exaggerating dipping (nocturnal hypotension), or causing
an actual increase in BP (reverse dipping). These altered dipping patterns are likely to be more common in those with long-standing
hyperglycemia, poor glycemic control, and concurrent renal dysfunction. Abnormal dipping patterns (non-dipping and reverse dipping) are
associated with increased target organ damage and cardiovascular risk among diabetic patients. The BP variation and dipping patterns are best
studied using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. This study has compared BP dipping patterns in patients with T2DM and healthy controls and
evaluated their correlation with the duration of diabetes, glycemic status, and renal status by employing Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring
(ABPM).

Materials and Methods:
50 patients with T2DM for more than 5 years have been compared with 50 normal subjects (controls) for alteration in the circadian BP pattern and
its relationship with the patients’ duration of diabetes, glycemic status, and renal status.

Results:
This study has revealed statistically significant findings concerning abnormal dipping patterns (non-dipping and reverse dipping) between diabetic
and non-diabetic patients (56% vs. 24%, p-value=0.001), between the duration of diabetes for more than 10 years and 5-10 years (77.8% vs. 43.8%,
P=0.02), between higher HbA1c of more than 9% and 7-9% (34.5% vs. 4.8%, P=0.0001), between patients with proteinuria and those without
proteinuria (p=0.045), and between patients with microalbuminuria and those with no microalbuminuria (87.5% vs. 41.2%, p=0.002).

Conclusion:
Compared to normal subjects, most patients with T2DM had an abnormal BP dipping pattern. The duration of DM, poor glycemic control, and
renal dysfunction (proteinuria and microalbuminuria) were positively correlated with nocturnal BP dipping pattern abnormalities.
Improving Vaccine Response through Probiotics and Micronutrient Supplementation: Evaluating the Role of TLR5 in Adult Female BALB/c Mice
Authors: Eftekhari Zohre , Doroud Delaram , Tajabadi-Ebrahimi Maryam , Kazemi-Lomedasht Fatemeh 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The role of probiotics and micronutrients in improving immune system function and
response to vaccination has been proven. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics enriched
with micronutrients on the immunogenicity of PastoCovac® vaccine.

Methods:
The probiotic supplement BioBoost® and PastoCovac® vaccine, which contain six expressed Receptor-
binding Domains (RBD) and conjugated with tetanus toxin, were administered concurrently. The safety
and efficacy were assessed by determining Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers to RBD and cytokines,
mRNA expression of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) 5, and clinical symptoms.

Results:
Results revealed that the administration of the probiotics enriched with micronutrients and vitamins
for 14 days before the first vaccine dose, followed by continued supplementation for 14 days after the first
dose, and in conjunction with the second vaccine dose, yielded the most significant elevation in Interleukin 4
(IL-4), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF alpha), Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and anti-SARS-CoV-2
RBD IgG levels within the supernatant samples collected from spleen cultures with the highest expression of
TLR5 genes in intestinal samples, compared to the control group.

Conclusion:
Our results indicated that the inclusion of probiotics enriched with micronutrients and vitamins
significantly enhanced the immunogenicity of the PastoCovac® vaccine. Based on the recommendation to administer
third and fourth vaccine doses, particularly for vulnerable and elderly individuals, the utilization of
supplements containing probiotics is expected to favorably influence immune responses.
Co(II) and Cu(II) Porphyrins Catalysed the Synthesis of Quinoline and Naphthoxazine via Dehydrogenative Reactions
Authors: Khan Danish , Kushwaha Pragati , Parveen Iram , Maurya Nirma , Shaily  
Published: September 2024

:
In this study, we developed a facile Co (II) and Cu (II)-porphyrin catalytic system
for dehydrogenative coupling reaction of benzyl alcohol with acetophenone derivatives
for quinoline synthesis and intramolecular cyclisation of Betti base for naphthoxazine synthesis.
Functionalized porphyrins containing ester and quinoline ring (CoTPPBenzo(NPh))
and (CuTPPBenzo(NPh)) were synthesized and confirmed via various analytical techniques.
These cobalt (II) and copper (II) porphyrins were tested for the synthesis of quinolines
and naphthoxazines via a dehydrogenative coupling reaction. These cobalt and copper
porphyrins showed excellent catalytic activity with broad substrate scope. Additionally, a
series of controlled experiments were performed to support this work.