bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religious Freedoms In Republic Of Macedonia
Authors: Metaj-Stojanova Albana 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
With the independence of Republic of Macedonia and the adoption of the Constitution of Macedonia, the country went through a substantial socio-political transition. The concept of human rights and freedoms, such as religious freedoms in the Macedonian Constitution is based on liberal democratic values. The Macedonian Constitution connects the fundamental human rights and freedoms with the concept of the individual and citizen, but also with the collective rights of ethnic minorities, respecting the international standards and responsibilities taken under numerous international human rights conventions and treaties, of which the country is a party. Republic of Macedonia has ratified all the so called “core human right treaties” and now the real challenge lies in the implementation of the international standards. Some of these international conventions and treaties of the United Nations and of the Council of Europe are inherited by succession from the former Yugoslavian federation. Religious freedoms are guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of human rights (1948), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966), the European Convention on Human Rights (1953), the Declaration on the Elimination of All Forms of Intolerance and of Discrimination Based on Religion or Belief (1981) (all documents ratified by the Republic of Macedonia). According to the Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia “The freedom of religious confession is guaranteed. The right to express one's faith freely and publicly, individually or with others, is guaranteed„. After the conflict of 2001 the Ohrid Framework Agreement secured group rights for ethnicities that are not in majority in the Republic of Macedonia. The present Law on the legal status of the church, religious communities and religious groups of 2007, repealed the Law on religion and religious groups of 1997.
Rule Of Law – Condition For Economic Development (Republic Of Macddonia)
Authors: Kocevska Katerina 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this essay I will attempt to explain the relation between the rule of law and the economic development. First I will describe the rule of law and its role through the years. Then, I will continue with the connection between economic development and the rule of law. I will try to clarify Macedonia’s legal framework and emphasize the constitution and its role regarding the rule of law and economic development. Latter, I will focus on the EU’s report on our economy in our journey towards the union. And finally I will give something to think about for future researchers.
The macroinvertebrate fauna of the Młynne stream (Polish Carpathians) in the aspect of the bed load transport and water quality
Authors: Oglęcki Paweł , Radecki-Pawlik Artur 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The macroinvertebrate fauna of the Młynne stream (Polish Carpathians) in the aspect of the bed load transport and water quality. The qualitative composition of the bottom sediments and the bed load and suspended load transport along the mountain stream were presented. The studies were carried on the Młynne stream in Gorce (Polish Carpathians). The streams flows partially in the natural river-bed and partially in the regulated with rapids. The stream bed load is accumulated in the reservoir up to the check dam and is qualitatively different from the load deposited at the bars. The taxonomic richness of the Młynne stream is a little bigger compared with the other investigated mountain and sub-mountain streams, but lesser compared with bigger rivers. The number of taxa on the natural reaches is more than double than on the regulated ones, with more taxa of high environmental demands and high values of the BMWP-PL index. The paper brings up the question of the environmental friendly technical solutions in different human activities in the sub-mountain and mountain river valleys, advantageous for humans and the river biological diversity (or resistance for negative environmental factors) as well.
Hydromorphological and landscape valorization of the Poprad river valley
Authors: Nawieśniak Maria , Strutyński Mateusz 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Hydromorphological and landscape valorization of the Poprad river valley. The paper presents the results of hydromorphological and landscape valorization. The research was carried out in the Valley of the Poprad River, in the section from Piwniczna-Zdrój to Rytro (Małopolska voivodship). The hydromorphological valorization was made using the method of the evaluation of hydromorphological quality of the river. ECOVAST method was used for landscape valorization. On the basis of the research, Authors concluded that the research area is characterized by considerable hydromorphological variability, in particular in relation to the floodplains terraces and their connectivity with the main channel of the river. At the same time the valley of the Poprad river is characterized by the landscape of regional significance, with a very large tourist potential.
Evaluation of methods of comparative analysis of sums of atmospheric precipitation measured with the classical method and with a contact-less laser rain gauge
Authors: Biniak-Pieróg Małgorzata , Biel Gabriela , Szulczewski Wiesław , Żyromski Andrzej 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Evaluation of methods of comparative analysis of sums of atmospheric precipitation measured with the classical method and with a contact-less laser rain gauge. The paper concerns on the evaluation of a preliminary method of comparing data on diurnal sums of atmospheric precipitation acquired with the classic method and by means of Thies Clima laser precipitation monitor - disdrometer. The objective of the study was realized with the use of results of measurements of diurnal sum of precipitation conducted from 1 July to 31 August 2012, in the area of the Faculty Agro and Hydrometeorology Observatory of the Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences. Information about precipitation measured by means of disdrometer and processed by the authors’ software DisPre led to the development of three variants of precipitation totals counting (1 - data processed by means of the program supplied as standard by the manufacturer of the disdrometer, 2 - totals calculated from the volume of particular hydrometeors - 11 classes, and 3 - totals calculated basing on droplets’ diameters - 22 classes). The tests showed that the totals processed by the program supplied by the manufacturer proved to be the closest to the measurements taken with the Hellmann rain gauge as the method of precipitation calculation during a 24-hour period. The reason for the divergences of the observed values should be certainly sought in the method of measurement itself. Due to the high sensitivity of disdrometer on the external factors, it is absolutely necessary to conduct daily checks of cleanliness of the instrument - especially in the summer period.
Addicted to the Holocaust – Bernice Eisenstein’s Ways of Coping with Troublesome Memories in I Was a Child of Holocaust Survivors
Authors: Drewniak Dagmara 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In her I Was a Child of Holocaust Survivors published in Canada in 2006, Bernice Eistenstein undertakes an attempt to cope with the inherited memories of the Holocaust. As a child of the Holocaust survivors, she tries to deal with the trauma her parents kept experiencing years after WWII had finished. Eisenstein became infected with the suffering and felt it inescapable. Eisenstein’s text, which is one of the first Jewish-Canadian graphic memoirs, appears to represent the voice of the children of Holocaust survivors not only owing to its verbal dimension, but also due to the drawings incorporated into the text. Therefore, the text becomes a combination of a memoir, a family story, a philosophical treatise and a comic strip, which all prove unique and enrich the discussion on the Holocaust in literature. For these reasons, the aim of this article is to analyze the ways in which Eisenstein deals with her postmemory, to use Marianne Hirsch’s term (1997 [2002]), as well as her addiction to the Holocaust memories. As a result of this addiction, the legacy of her postmemory is both unwanted and desired and constitutes Bernice Eisenstein’s identity as the eponymous child of Holocaust survivors.
Life Fictions: Radicalization of Life-Writing in Leslie Scalapino’s Zither & Autobiography and Dahlia’s Iris: Secret Autobiography & Fiction
Authors: Myk Małgorzata 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The paper discusses radicalized aesthetics and politics of structure and form in the experimental autobiographical writing of American avant-garde author Leslie Scalapino. Associated with the innovative protocols of the “Language School” poetry movement, Scalapino’s oeuvre emerges as simultaneously a poststructuralist and phenomenologically oriented poetics in which writing performs a thoroughgoing scrutiny of how one’s implication in linguistic and cultural matrices determines one’s being in the world. Scalapino’s Autobiography, framed by Paul de Man’s remarks on autobiographical writing as always controlled by the external expectations of self-fashioning, sets out to examine and deconstruct the autobiographical project as in itself constructive of one’s life. In Zither the poet complicates her take on life-writing by interrogating and reconceptualizing hidden mechanisms of the genre and confronting it with its own fictional status, while in Dahlia’s iris Scalapino juxtaposes detective fiction with a Tibetan form of written “secret autobiography”, based on a radical departure from the chronology of one’s biography toward a phenomenological horizon of what she refers to as “one’s life seeing”, a practice of attempting to see one’s mind’s constructions as they are formed by the outside as well as by one’s internalization of the outside.
The Self Lost, the Self Adjusted: Forming a New Identity in Bereavement Memoirs by American Women
Authors: Małecka Katarzyna 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Most Western cultures place a great value on autonomy. American society in particular has always stressed the need to succeed via self-reliance, a characteristic which, in recent decades, has additionally manifested itself in an increasing inclination for self-examination reflected in the deluge of autobiographical writing, especially memoirs. This analysis focuses on memoirs of spousal loss, a specific subgenre of life writing in which, due to the loss of a loved one, the narrating self realizes how unstable a sense of autonomy is. In their bereavement narratives, Joan Didion, Anne Roiphe, and Joyce Carol Oates admit that after losing a life partner their world crumbled and so did their sense of self. The article examines the following aspects of the grieving self: 1. how grief tests one’s self-sufficiency; 2. how various grief reactions contribute to self-disintegration; 3. the widow as a new and undesirable identity; and 4. writing as a way of regaining one’s sense of self.
An Updated Checklist Of Parasitic Helminths Of Marine Fish From Turkey
Authors: Öktener Ahmet 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
An updated checklist carried out indicated the occurrence of 161 helminth species from wild marine fish species in Turkey, which includes 49 monogeneans, 63 digeneans, 18 cestodes, 17 nematodes, 11 acanthocephalans and three annelids, from 88 different fish (86 native, two migratory) species. Since the publication of the checklist of helminth parasites of marine fishes in Turkey over nine years ago (Öktener, 2005), there have been a number of new records. This update includes these additional records and has allowed the correction of those errors and omissions that were present in the previous version. The parasite species list is arranged by phylum and class, providing parasite species name, host fish, location of host fish capture and author, and date of published record. The host list consists of all parasite species listed by host species. All parasites and their hosts are confirmed with the recent systematic accounts and full taxonomic account.
New Paradigm Of Co-Management Of Mpas In Indonesia, Lessons Learned From Coremap
Authors: Suraji  , Ruchimat Toni , Saad Sudirman , Wibisana Sriyanti 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Establishment and Co-management of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) which are conducted by Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project (COREMAP) Phase II represents a new paradigm from the top-down approach, that being the bottom-up community-based approach. The process of establishing MPAs initiated by village level has legalized by village regulations on enacting of no-take zones (NTZs). There are five steps and an 18 months period of establishment and management of NTZs. The networks of village level MPAs also is functioning as no-take area of District MPA that is managed by the District Government. With a new paradigm, collaborative management of MPAs is exemplified by COREMAP Phase II through the sharing of responsibility between central and local government as well as community, providing an unique typical feature in the management of conservation areas in Indonesia.
Bayesian Update For Descriptive Statistics In Fisheries Science
Authors: Gündoğdu Sedat , Akar Mustafa 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In the present paper we have examined Bayesian update for descriptive statistics for a sample of 730 Por’s Goatfish (Upeneus pori) (Ben-Tuvia and Golani, 1989), collected from Iskenderun Bay, in the northeast Mediterranean Sea. The computational approach uses the Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation to draw samples from the posterior distributions of model parameters implementing the simulation in OpenBUGS software. We assigned the results of previous studies as a prior distribution. The posterior distribution for mean length and variance were found to be 11.1 cm and 0.003, while for weight, they were 15.7 g and 0.026. The 95% confidence limits of length and weight were 10.99-11.21 and 15.42-16.05 respectively. The key aspect of this research is that when previous studies are included in the estimation, this significantly reduces the variance and uncertainty, leading to a more sufficient and reliable estimation.
Los rostros religiosos de la ciudad contemporánea
Authors: Ospina José Herrera 
Published: January 2016

<p>El presente ensayo de reflexión aborda el tema de los fenómenos religiosos de la ciudad contemporánea, valga decir, la sociedad contemporánea, especialmente la latinoamericana. Por ello, desde la complejidad de nuestro mundo y a partir de las múltiples e incontables ofertas religiosas, se constata como la ciudad contemporánea ha ido dibujando diversos rostros que expresan búsquedas, sueños, pero también límites y finitudes. La ciudad ha visto surgir <br />una bipolar presencia de lo religioso. Aquella que sincréticamente <br />amarra múltiples tradiciones y se ofrecen a todos los hombres sin importar su raza, ideología o religión: la «nueva Era» es su mejor expresión. Y en el extremo opuesto, han aparecido en el escenario contemporáneo prácticas religiosas que por el contrario buscan afirmar principios, doctrinas y ritos como formas de identidad: los fundamentalismos religiosos las representan. Además podría denotarse una tercera presencia y es la que aboga por un camino de diálogo y acercamiento entre los grupos religiosos, a esta se le denomina con el nombre genérico de Ecumenismo.</p>
La última risa de Kierkgaard
Authors: Palacios Manuel Darío 
Published: January 2016

<p>Proponemos determinar cómo Kierkegaard establece la risa en concepto existencial. Para él, los estadios intermedios son ironía y humor; ambos se relacionan con la risa. Ésta no es estética ni ética. El cristiano ríe, y lo hace a pesar de la angustia y la desesperación. El cristiano (el individuo), al reír, no está simplemente ante lo inmediato. La risa es posición. Es preciso aprender a reírse, así como es preciso aprender a angustiarse. La risa expresa una de las manifestaciones más altas de la del sujeto.</p>
La diferencia y su tensión con la idea de igualdad: lo social, lo jurídico y lo político
Authors: Benjumea Alejandro Rojas 
Published: January 2016

<p>Una de las nociones destacadas que la filosofía actual ha puesto en discusión con la Modernidad ha sido el concepto de diferencia. Esto, en oposición a la idea de la igualdad que desde Descartes y otros pensadores modernos configuraron. Varios filósofos han confrontado la ortodoxia de la igualdad, ayudando así al reconocimiento de nuevos fenómenos como el del multiculturalismo y en el plano del derecho, el de la posible coexistencia de sistemas jurídicos diversos en el marco de una misma unidad estatal. Vattimo resalta la agudeza del pensamiento nietzscheano al sumergirse en la “aventura de la diferencia”. En otra dirección, Gilles Deleuze nos permite abordar el contraste entre igualdad y diferencia en términos de generalidad y repetición. Finalmente, tomamos la perspectiva abierta por Emmanuel Levinas desde la cual la diferencia se nos revela como el otro.</p>
Cientificismo, analogía y humanidades
Authors: Guerrero Salvador Jara 
Published: January 2016

<p>Se realiza una crítica a las posiciones cientificistas, especialmente en las ciencias sociales y en las humanidades, destacando el valor de la epistemología como herramienta crítica y de las posiciones prudenciales. Se describen los éxitos de la física desde la Revolución científica con el objetivo de contextualizar y valorar adecuadamente el desarrollo de las ciencias naturales, pero sobre todo del método científico, las condiciones en que se aplica de manera general y sus limitaciones, incluso en el estudio de los fenómenos naturales, en los que se reconoce actualmente una gran complejidad, pero nunca igual a la de los fenómenos sociales o a los estudiados en las humanidades.</p>
Una filosofía ecológica en Rodolfo Kusch
Authors: Salgado Henry Armando Alfonso 
Published: January 2016

<p>En su obra filosófica, el pensador argentino Rodolfo Kusch busca desentrañar <br />el pensamiento del indígena y del campesino para poner en evidencia ese aferrado espíritu ecológico de América que está tan arraigado al suelo y a la vida. El suelo no se reduce a los cuatro puntos cardinales, tampoco se divide en suelos diferentes (el suelo es la extensión), sino que indica la situación, anclada en la categoría de “estar”, en la tierra. El pensamiento ecológico de América debe buscarse como una raíz muy profunda sin utilizar la fuerza, puesto que la vida se encuentra arraigada en lo más profundo de la tierra y no debe arrancarse por mediaciones que desnaturalicen los procesos mismos de estar en la tierra. De esta forma, el pensar ecológico-cosmológico se convierte en la matriz o en el fundamento de toda una filosofía cosmológica indígena que, a su vez, es la gestora de otras estructuras como la política, la arquitectura, la economía, la religión y otros ámbitos de su organización cultural, bien sea como imperio, civilización o comunidad organizada. Así su concepción cósmica-ecológica es la base o raíz que nace de la semilla sobre la cual se gestan los principales imperios americanos.</p>
Filmo „Herkus Mantas“ istorija: kaip sovietmečio lietuvių kinematografas buvo (ne)panaudotas Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės vaizdinio refleksijoms?
Authors: Švedas Aurimas 
Published: January 2016

Tyrimo objektas. Pirmojo ir vienintelio epinio istorinio vaidybinio filmo „Herkus Mantas“ išorinė (oficialioji) ir vidinė (suasmeninta) istorija (filmo kūrimo procesas – nuo idėjos genezės iki kino juostos recepcijos visuomenėje; to meno kūrinio tapsmo analizė, žvelgiant į kino filmą iš jo kūrėjų – režisierių – perspektyvos); meninio filmo kontekstualizavimas sovietmečio lietuvių istoriografijos, tuometinės istorijos politikos ir visuomenės istorinės atminties problemų atžvilgiu.
Straipsnis parengtas įgyvendinant mokslo tyrimų projektą „Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštijos tradicija, vaizdinys ir modernūs tapatumai“. Projektą finansavo Lietuvos mokslo taryba, sutarties Nr. VAT-19/2010. Straipsnio autorius dėkoja Vilniaus universiteto Istorijos fakulteto doktorantei Linai Kaminskaitei-Jančorienei už bendradarbiavimą atliekant oral history tyrimus, kurių metu buvo įrašyti interviu ciklai su kino režisieriais Almantu Grikevičiumi ir Marijonu Giedriu bei parengta kultūros istorijos šaltinio publikacija: Kaminskaitė-Jančorienė Lina, Švedas Aurimas. Epizodai paskutiniam filmui. Režisierius Almantas Grikevičius. Vilnius: Vaga, 2013. Tiek pirmiau įvardyta, taikant oral history metodą surinkta unikali informacija, tiek jos pagrindu parengta publikacija yra labai svarbi šiame straipsnyje formuluojamų problemų sprendimui.
ISTORIKA PRIEŠKARIO LIETUVOJE. TYRIMŲ SITUACIJA IR PROBLEMINIAI KLAUSIMAI
Authors: Gieda Aurelijus 
Published: January 2016

Lietuvos istoriografijos tradicijoje kartkartėmis pasirodo tvirtinimų, kad Lietuvos istorijos mokslo kontekste trūksta refleksyvios teorinės minties. Tokių tvirtinimų ne vieną rastume tiek prieškario, tiek sovietmečio, tiek dabarties tekstuose. Zenono Norkaus studija „Istorika: istorinis įvadas“, reikia pripažinti, kol kas yra gana vieniša Lietuvos istoriografijos kontekste. Skeptiškų ir savikritiškų tvirtinimų adekvatumą ir pagrįstumą galėtume pamatuoti atsižvelgdami ir į tai, jog dėmesys, kad ir negausių Lietuvos istorikos tekstų analizei, tikrai nėra pakankamas, juo labiau visa apimantis. Neturėdami istorikos analizei skirto probleminio svarstymų lauko, dažnu atveju netenkame galimybės korektiškai paaiškinti ne tik minėtus vietinius istorikos sričiai skirtus tekstus, bet ir sunkiai galime juos identifikuoti ir bendrame europinės istorikos sklaidos žemėlapyje. Šio straipsnio tikslas – lyginamuoju požiūriu apibūdinti istorikos formas ir jų genezę Lietuvos universitete XX a. trečiame dešimtmetyje, koncentruojantis į trijų profesorių, dėsčiusių teorines metodologines istorijos disciplinas Kaune, atvejus. Minėtų profesorių palikimas istorikos srityje kaip visuma šiame straipsnyje detaliai nėra nagrinėjamas. Kadangi ne visi prieškario Lietuvos istorikos šaltiniai, nors jie ir būtų vieni reikšmingiausių teorinės minties liudijimų, yra tapę integralaus teorinių metodologinių orientacijų tyrimo dalimi, šiame straipsnyje pirmiausia keliamas uždavinys argumentuoti vieno ar kito teorinio metodologinio šaltinio priskyrimą ar nepriskyrimą istorikos sričiai. Reikšmingiausia darbo intencija yra paaiškinti, kaip XIX a. pabaigoje europinės istorikos suskilimas į istorijos metodo vadovėlių istoriką ir filosofiškai orientuotą istoriką (kritinę istorijos filosofiją) atsispindėjo Lietuvos istorijos moksle institucionalizacijos ir profesionalizacijos laikotarpiu. Atskirą vietą straipsnio teminiame kryptingume turi ir dar vienas aspektas – pirmą kartą Lietuvos istoriografijoje rimčiau atkreipiamas dėmesys į vėlyvojo istorizmo klasiko, žymaus vokiečių istorijos metodologo Ernsto Bernheimo (1850–1942) populiarumo Lietuvos istorijos mokslo metodologinėje savimonėje klausimą. Probleminiai klausimai šiandienos tyrimams formuluojami apmąstant dabarties tyrimų situaciją, įvertinant naujas tyrimų perspektyvas ir galimybes. Panoraminėje tyrimų srities horizonto refleksijoje atveriami tam tikri pasiūlymai, iškeliamos hipotetinės prielaidos dabarties tyrimams.