bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fiscal Equalization in Australian Federalism: Managing Diversity of Size Among Subnational Jurisdictions
Authors: Sanders Will 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Federal Commonwealth of Australia was established in 1901 by six self-governing British colonies of very different sizes. With lucrative customs and excise duties transferred to the Commonwealth, a politics of fiscal equalization quickly emerged among the six Australian States. The less populous States feared economic and fiscal domination. Managed politically for three decades, these fears became the focus of an independent, expert, economic body from the 1930s: the Commonwealth Grants Commission. Principles and methods developed by this body focused on comparative fiscal needs and capacities. In the 1980s, two more subnational jurisdictions joined Australia’s fiscal equalization system, two territories of the Commonwealth granted self-government. This increased the diversity of size among constituent units and led to methodological developments in assessing comparative fiscal capacities, or “relativities.” Two case studies from this recent era show contrasting developments in Australian fiscal equalization. The Northern Territory has maintained a high relativity for over three decades based on its dispersed Indigenous population, reflecting low-revenue capacity and high expenditure needs. Western Australia has developed high revenue capacity, based on royalties from iron ore mining. This has led Western Australia to argue against full fiscal equalization, winning significant concessions in this direction since 2018. Australian fiscal equalization is well institutionalized, but not beyond political challenge and change.
(Dis)Empowerment and Self-Rule: Fiscal Federalism and Minority Nations in Canada
Authors: Wallner Jennifer 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFederalism is often advanced as a means to enable the coexistence of diverse peoples beneath a common umbrella of a shared state apparatus. Scholars have long considered how the division of powers and the allocation of jurisdictional capacities among multiple orders of government may empower and foster the autonomy of internal national minority communities. Until recently, however, the ways in which the fiscal arrangements of a federation may affect the coexistence of diverse peoples have remained largely unexplored. Using the case of Canada, this chapter identifies the concrete features of fiscal federalism that may contribute to—or detract from—the empowerment of internal minority national communities. Drawing from the Canadian experience, three features of a fiscal architecture are directly related to the realization of minority national empowerment: (1) representation and participation in the management of fiscal arrangements; (2) the independence of the revenue base that is available to internal communities; and (3) the conditions and time horizons that are associated with the arrangements.
Fiscal Federalism, Intergovernmental Relations, and Conflict Resolution Mechanisms in Spain
Authors: Almendral Violeta Ruiz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis chapter focuses on the diversities within the Spanish State of Autonomies, shedding light on the asymmetrical nature of the devolution process, with an emphasis on the transformation of the constitutional framework concerning tax and finance power decentralization, juxtaposing Spanish Fiscal Federalism within the broader context of the European Union. An exploration of intergovernmental tax relations uncovers the limited efficacy of mixed commissions, leading to an assessment of the Spanish Constitutional Court's central role in mediating conflict. The analysis concludes by looking forward, speculating on the potential future trajectories of Spanish fiscal federalism.
Bone marrow edema-like signal after cartilage repair does not affect outcomes in a five-year follow-up
Authors: Koenig Felix R. M. , Raudner Marcus , Juras Vladimir , Szomolanyi Pavol , Vetchy Veronika , Kittinger Jakob , Zadeh Ehsan Safai , Watzenböck Martin L. , Trattnig Siegfried 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Bone marrow edema-like signal (BMELS) after cartilage repair is common, but its clinical significance remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and structural significance of BMELS following microfracturing (MFX) and matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI).

Methods
In this multicenter study, MRI examinations were performed over a period of 5 years after cartilage repair surgery (MFX n = 17; MACI n = 28) in 45 patients. Morphological assessments, including the MOCART 2.0 (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue), quantitative imaging biomarkers (QIB) with T2 mapping of the repair tissue, and, specifically, assessment of the presence and size of BMELS, were conducted along with patient-reported outcome measures, such as the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC). BMELS structural and clinical assessments were obtained after 3 months, 12 months, and 60 months. Statistical analysis included the Mann–Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon rank test, Shapiro–Wilk test, and simulation-based power analysis.

Results
BMELS were a common finding 60 months after cartilage repair. The size of BMELS differed significantly only between MACI and MFX patients after 3 months, with larger BMELS occurring in the MFX group. There were no significant differences in patients with or without BMELS regarding the T2 ratio of the treated area, the MOCART 2.0, or clinical scores.

Conclusion
BMELS frequently appeared after cartilage repair procedures. We could show that the postoperative size and change in the size of BMELS after MACI and MFX did not affect clinical scores, morphological MRI results, or biochemical properties of the treated area after 60 months.

Key Points
QuestionWhat is the clinical significance of bone marrow edema-like signal (BMELS) appearance after matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) or microfracture (MFX)?
FindingThere were no significant differences in patients with or without BMELS regarding the T2 ratio of the treated area, the MOCART 2.0, or clinical scores.
Clinical relevanceBMELS frequently appeared after cartilage repair, the appearance or the size dynamic after MACI and MFX did not affect clinical scores, morphological MRI results, or biochemical properties after 60 months.
Central venous access device adverse events in pediatric patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nunn Jenna L. , Takashima Mari D. , Wray-Jones Erin M. , Soosay Raj Trisha A. , Hanna Diane M. T. , Ullman Amanda J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To systematically review the proportion and incidence of CVAD-associated complications in pediatric patients with cancer.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, and the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature were searched from 2012 to 2022. Cohort studies and the control arm of randomized controlled trials, which reported CVAD-associated complications in pediatric patients aged 0–18 years, were included. CVAD complications were defined as CVAD failure, central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), local infection, occlusion, CVAD-associated venous thromboembolism, dislodgement/migration, breakage/rupture, and dehiscence. The pooled proportion and incidence rate (IR) for each CVAD-associated complication were reported.

Results
Of 40 included studies, there was mixed quality of methods and reporting. Approximately 31.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 22.5–41.1; 6920 devices) of devices experienced a CVAD-associated complication, and 14.8% (95% CI 10.2–20.1; 24 studies; 11,762 devices) of CVADs failed before treatment completion (incidence rate (IR) of 0.5 per 1000 catheter days (95% CI 0.3–0.8; 12 studies; 798,000 catheter days)). Overall, 21.2% (95% CI 14.3–28.9; 26 studies; 5054 devices) of CVADs developed a CLABSI, with an IR of 0.9 per 1000 catheter days (95% CI 0.6–1.3; 12 studies; 798,094 catheter days). Tunneled central venous catheters (TCVC) and peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) were associated with increased complications in comparison to totally implanted venous access devices (TIVADs).

Conclusion
CVAD complication rates in this population remain high. TCVCs and PICCs are associated with increased complications relative to TIVADs. Insufficient evidence exists to guide device selection in this cohort, necessitating further research to determine the role of PICCs in pediatric cancer care.
PROSPERO: CRD42022359467.
Date of registration: 22 September 2022.
On certain classes of first Baire functionals
Authors: Mirmina J. , Puglisi D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigate first Baire functionals on the dual ball of a separable Banach space $$X$$
X
which are pointwise limit of a sequence of $$X$$
X
whose closed span does not contain any copy of $$\ell_1$$

ℓ
1

(or has separable dual). We propose an example of a $$C(K)$$

C
(
K
)

space where not all such first Baire functionals exhibit this behavior.
As an application, we study a quantitative version, in terms of descriptive set theory, of family a separable Banach spaces with this peculiarity.
Phosphorus removal and use in organic crop farming in the EU
Authors: Magaya S. , Magid J. , Hermann L. , Schulp C. J. E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo promote sustainable food production, the European Union (EU) aims for a 25% organic agriculture area and a reduction of agricultural nutrient pollution by 50% by 2030. Organic farming is designed to rely on nutrient circularity, it has limited phosphorus (P) sources permitted, influencing the spatial distribution for P demand. Using dataset form the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN), this study quantifies and map the amount of P removed through crop harvesting in organic farming across the EU as a proxy for P required to maintain a balanced P budget. Crop harvesting is a major P output variable from agricultural soils and the positive correlation between soil P and P budget suggest that understanding the required amount to maintain a balanced P budget is therefore important for estimating fertiliser demands. On average, 5.6 kg P ha−1 is removed through crop harvesting per country in 26 countries, with fruits and vegetables contributing 36%, cereals 32%, fodder crops 20%, permanent crops 8% and oil crops 4% to the total. Although organic farming restricts off-farm nutrient inputs, on average, 2.1 kg P ha−1 of mineral fertiliser P is used in crop production in each NUTS2 region. Varying national regulations influence the total mineral fertiliser P used per country. Mineral fertiliser P use and P removed through crops provide a lower and upper boundary for P ferilisation in organic farming. Their spatial pattern suggest that increasing organic farming across the EU requires local-scale consideration of P sources, budgets, and spatial constraints to ensure a sustainable P supply.
Simultaneous Measurement of Fiber-Matrix Interface Debonding and Tunneling Using a Dual-Vision Experimental Setup
Authors: Uddin K. Z. , Girard H. , Mennie N. B. , Doitrand A. , Koohbor B. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Fiber-matrix debonding is a precursor for transverse cracking and several other types of damage in fiber composites. However, to date, there are limited experiment-based reports that study the fundamental mechanisms of fiber-matrix debonding.

Objective
This work aims to uncover the governing mechanisms of fiber-matrix interface debonding by full-field measurements supplemented by numerical simulations. In particular, the application of a dual-vision image-based characterization approach on single glass macro fiber samples is discussed and proven useful in understanding the in-plane and out-of-plane debonding characteristics at the fiber-matrix interface.

Methods
Full-field strain and displacement measurements based on digital image correlation are performed on model single-fiber composites. The use of a dual-vision system allows strain measurements in the vicinity of the fiber-matrix interface, also allowing for the identification of critical strain and stress values corresponding to the initiation and propagation of debonding damage. The experimental data are used to calibrate an inverse identification approach that outputs the shape of the debonded interface along the fiber length.

Results
Full-field measurements allow for establishing correlations between local and global strain fields. Observation of debonding propagation along the fiber axis seems to be representative of the crack tunneling during the early stages of the failure process, i.e., when the crack tip is subjected to opening mode only.

Conclusions
Side view measurements are useful as a first-order approximation of the debonding propagation velocity along the fiber axis but fail to provide accurate measurements for the debonding shape, esp. in areas where the crack is under a dominantly shear stress state. This issue can be resolved by full-field measurements coupled with computational simulations.
Strategic maintenance planning in the digital era: a hybrid approach merging Reliability-Centered Maintenance with digitalization opportunities
Authors: Introna Vito , Santolamazza Annalisa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn the age of digital transformation, maintenance operations are crucial for leveraging the potential of Industry 4.0 and 5.0. Yet, this domain remains significantly under-optimized in terms of strategic maintenance planning and enhancing asset performance. The advent of smart technologies offers a myriad of innovative avenues; however, harnessing these effectively requires systematic planning that incorporates these new, various and quite diversified, smart practices. Thus, this paper proposes a new methodological approach to maintenance planning, based on the Reliability-Centered Maintenance method, aimed at providing an operative tool for organizations to foster the evolution of their maintenance plans towards the paradigm of digitalization. This novel method enables the identification of hidden opportunities of improvement not identifiable through the use of the traditional approach through the proposal of an Opportunity Index, to use together with the Criticality Index in asset selection, and a Digitalization Score to use during Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis. The proposed method is applied to transform the maintenance planning of a production line, thus identifying the opportunities of the approach and testing its feasibility.
A numerical study of transformed mixed-integer optimal control problems
Authors: Sager Sebastian , Tetschke Manuel , Zeile Clemens 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTime transformation is a ubiquitous tool in theoretical sciences, especially in physics. It can also be used to transform switched optimal control problems into control problems with a fixed switching order and purely continuous decisions. This approach is known either as enhanced time transformation, time-scaling, or switching time optimization (STO) for mixed-integer optimal control. The approach is well understood and used widely due to its many favorable properties. Recently, several extensions and algorithmic improvements have been proposed. We use an alternative formulation, the partial outer convexification (POC), to study convergence properties of (STO). We introduce the open-source software package _ (Sager et al., czeile/ampl_mintoc: Math programming c release, 2024, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12520490). It is based on AMPL, designed for the formulation of mixed-integer optimal control problems, and allows to use almost identical implementations for (STO) and (POC). We discuss and explain our main numerical result: (STO) is likely to result in more local minima for each discretization grid than (POC), but the number of local minima is asymptotically identical for both approaches.
Time autonomy in personnel planning: Requirements and solution approaches in the context of intelligent scheduling from a holistic organizational perspective
Authors: Latos Benedikt , Buckhorst Armin , Kalantar Peyman , Bentler Dominik , Gabriel Stefan , Dumitrescu Roman , Minge Michael , Steinmann Barbara , Guhr Nadine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTraditional work models often need more flexibility and time autonomy for employees, especially in manufacturing. Quantitative approaches and Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications offer the potential to improve work design. However, current research does not entirely focus on human-centric criteria that enable time autonomy. This paper addresses this gap by developing a set of criteria to evaluate intelligent personnel planning approaches based on their ability to enhance time autonomy for employees. Existing quantitative approaches are not sufficient to fully integrate the developed criteria.Consequently, a novel model approach is proposed in an attempt to bridge the gap between current practices and the newly developed criteria. This two-stage planning approach fosters democratization of time autonomy on the shopfloor, moving beyond traditional top-down scheduling. The paper concludes by outlining the implementation process and discusses future developments with respect to AI for this model approach.Practical Relevance: In order to make working conditions on the shopfloor in high-wage countries more attractive, an alternative organization of shift work is needed. Intelligent planning approaches that combine traditional operations research methods with artificial intelligence approaches can democratize shift organization regarding time autonomy. Planning that takes both employee and employer preferences into account in a balanced way will strengthen the long-term competitiveness of manufacturing companies in high-wage countries and counteract the shortage of skilled labor.
Energy Absorption Through Radiation in Multilayer Windows for Spacecrafts
Authors: Galuppi Laura , Royer-Carfagni Gianni 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe overall heating of satellites operating in low Earth orbit, essentially due to direct radiation from the Sun, terrestrial albedo, and planetary radiation, is well studied, but little is found specifically on transparent plates used for windowing spacecrafts. The most historic material of choice is fused silica; more recently, acrylic glass is being used, but its refractive properties are poorly documented. The effects of electromagnetic waves incident on multilayer windows composed of panes of fused silica or acrylic glass, or a combination of these, are analyzed. Using data of refractive index from the literature, which, however, have been found incomplete and sometimes contradictory, the problem is addressed by accounting for the dependence of transmissivity and absorptivity of each material on the energy spectrum, which is different for solar and planetary radiation. Worked examples show that fused silica allows most radiation to pass directly through, while acrylic glass is characterized by absorption depending on the thickness; this can potentially increase its temperature, posing a problem since the mechanical properties decay at temperatures near $$100 ^{\circ }\textrm{C}$$

100
∘

C

. This study contributes to the analysis of thermal problems for space windows, of considerable interest since glazing can fail due to thermal shocks, constrained thermal variations, or temperature concentrations.
Inpatient clinicians’ approach to diagnosis of urinary tract infections in older adults using the COM-B model: a qualitative assessment
Authors: Advani Sonali D. , Boucher Nathan , Smith Alison G.C. , Deri Connor , Hayes Jillian E. , Wrenn Rebekah , Schmader Kenneth 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Our interviews of inpatient clinicians (physicians, physician assistants) modeled after the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Model of Behavior model revealed opportunity and motivation as important drivers for overdiagnosis and overprescribing for asymptomatic bacteriuria in older adults. Understanding these barriers is an important step toward implementing age-friendly stewardship interventions.
Can an animal welfare risk assessment tool identify livestock at risk of poor welfare outcomes?
Authors: Williams Natarsha , Chaplin Sarah , Hemsworth Lauren , Shephard Richard , Fisher Andrew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
If livestock at risk of poor welfare could be identified using a risk assessment tool, more targeted response strategies could be developed by enforcement agencies to facilitate early intervention, prompt welfare improvement and a decrease in reoffending. This study aimed to test the ability of an Animal Welfare Risk Assessment Tool (AWRAT) to identify livestock at risk of poor welfare in extensive farming systems in Australia. Following farm visits for welfare- and non-welfare-related reasons, participants completed a single welfare rating (WR) and an assessment using the AWRAT for the farm just visited. A novel algorithm was developed to generate an AWRAT-Risk Rating (AWRAT-RR) based on the AWRAT assessment. Using linear regression, the relationship between the AWRAT-RR and the WR was tested. The AWRAT was good at identifying farms with poor livestock welfare based on this preliminary testing. As the AWRAT relies upon observation, the intra- and inter-observer agreement were compared in an observation study. This included rating a set of photographs of farm features, on two occasions. Intra-observer reliability was good, with 83% of Intra-class Correlation Coefficients (ICCs) for observers ≥ 0.8. Inter-observer reliability was moderate with an ICC of 0.67. The AWRAT provides a structured framework to improve consistency in livestock welfare assessments. Further research is necessary to determine the AWRAT’s ability to identify livestock at risk of poor welfare by studying animal welfare incidents and reoffending over time.
Further Reflections Based on the Black–Scholes (B-S) Model
Authors: Cifuentes Arturo , Charlin Ventura 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Black–Scholes (B-S) model is considered by the academic environment one of the greatest achievements of financial economics. Yet it brings with it some conundrums. The model is often used in a manner that contradicts one of its assumptions, and its predictions are not supported by market reality. Here we address, from the perspective of philosophy of science, an additional issue related to this model: the distinction between its explanatory and predictive capabilities.
On the measurement of preference falsification using nonresponse rates
Authors: Shamaileh Ammar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Among the greatest challenges facing scholars of public opinion are the potential biases associated with survey item nonresponse and preference falsification. This difficulty has led researchers to utilize nonresponse rates to gauge the degree of preference falsification across regimes. This article addresses the use of survey nonresponse rates to proxy for preference falsification. A simulation analysis exploring the expression of preferences under varying degrees of repression was conducted to examine the viability of using nonresponse rates to regime assessment questions. The simulation demonstrates that nonresponse rates to regime assessment questions and indices based on nonresponse rates are not viable proxies for preference falsification. An empirical examination of survey data supports the results of the simulation analysis.