bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymer and Particle Dynamics and Assembly in Varied Hydrodynamic Fields
Authors: Ruud Eric D. , Wilkinson Nikolas A. , Dutcher Cari S. 
Published: January 2016

Polymeric solutions and colloidal suspensions are complex fluidic mixtures featuring mesoscopic characteristic length scales. An exciting feature of complex fluids is their unusual response to external stimulus, such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical forcing, due to changes in the orientation, structure, and assembly of the dissolved or suspended macromolecules. These tunable polymer and particle dynamics and interactions play essential roles in both industrial and environmental aqueous processes. In this work, recent advancements in complex fluid dynamics and macromolecular assembly in varied hydrodynamic fields are highlighted, including viscoelastic (de)stabilization in Taylor–Couette flow, colloidal particle assembly in electrohydrodynamic flows, and polyelectrolyte–particle flocculation in turbulent flows. Polymers including neutral polyethylene oxide and charged cationic polyacrylamide and particles including charged spherical beads and smectite inorganic clays are explored here. Polymer–particle dynamics and assembly, if well understood, can be engineered for key contributions in environmental remediation and energy‐saving applications.
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Magnetfelder messen mit Teslameter 11th
Authors: Klein Pascal , Hochberg Katrin , Kuhn Jochen , Wilhelm Thomas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDie App Teslameter 11th misst mit Hilfe des integrierten Magnetfeldstärke‐Sensors von Smartphones oder Tablet‐PCs den Betrag sowie die Raumkomponenten der magnetischen Flussdichte. Dadurch kann das Gerät im Alltag als Leitungsdetektor ebenso eingesetzt werden wie im Physikunterricht.
Nichtflüchtiger optischer Speicher in photonischen Schaltkreisen
Authors: Stegmaier Matthias , Pernice Wolfram H. P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDer Bedarf an immer größerer Rechenleistung wächst unablässig, kann aber in jüngerer Vergangenheit nicht mehr durch immer höhere Prozessor‐Taktfrequenzen befriedigt werden, da die Signalübertragung zwischen Speicher und Prozessor selbst zum Flaschenhals geworden ist. Daher wird intensiv daran geforscht, Daten mit Licht zu übertragen. Ein wichtiger Schritt in diese Richtung gelang unserer Gruppe am Karlsruher Institut für Technologie – die Entwicklung eines chip‐integrierten volloptischen Speichers.
Maternal serum soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 at 22 and 32 weeks in the prediction of pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Wright D. , Krajewska K. , Bogdanova A. , Wright A. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the potential value of repeat measurements of maternal serum concentration of soluble fms‐like tyrosine kinase‐1 (sFlt‐1) at 22 and 32 weeks' gestation in the prediction of pre‐eclampsia (PE) in women delivering after 32 weeks.MethodsThe data were derived from prospective screening for adverse obstetric outcomes in women attending their routine hospital visit at 19–24 and/or 30–34 weeks' gestation in one of two maternity hospitals in England. Serum sFlt‐1 was measured in 7565 and 8264 singleton pregnancies at 19–24 and 30–34 weeks, respectively. Bayes' theorem was used to combine the a‐priori risk from maternal factors with sFlt‐1 multiples of the median (MoM) values. The performance of screening for PE developing after the 30–34‐week visit by sFlt‐1, measured at 19–24, 30–34 and at both 19–24 and 30–34 weeks was examined.ResultsIn pregnancies with PE, sFlt‐1 in both the second and third trimesters was increased and the deviation from normal was inversely related to the gestational age at which delivery became necessary for maternal or fetal indications. Serum sFlt‐1 at 19–24 weeks was not useful in predicting PE beyond the 30–34‐week visit, but the addition of sFlt‐1 at 19–24 weeks improved the prediction of PE provided by sFlt‐1 at 30–34 weeks. Screening by maternal factors and sFlt‐1 at 30–34 weeks predicted 94% of preterm PE and 54% of term PE, at a false‐positive rate of 10%; this was improved to 99% and 64%, respectively, by the additional measurement of sFlt‐1 at 19–24 weeks.ConclusionsMeasurement of sFlt‐1 in the second trimester improves the prediction of PE provided by screening in the early third‐trimester. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Evaluation of Castor Oil Samples for Potential Toxin Contamination
Authors: McKeon Thomas A. , Patfield Stephanie A. , He Xiaohua 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCastor oil and its derivatives are widely used as a chemical feedstock for production of lubricants and greases, engineering plastics, plasticizers and surfactants. It also has wide application in consumer goods such as lipstick, deodorants and medicinal uses. Due to concerns about the possible presence of the ricin toxin in the oil, we have tested a collection of castor oils processed using different approaches, including cold‐pressed, US Pharmaceutical (USP) grade, and neutralized oils. Water soluble proteins were extracted from oil samples into phosphate‐buffered saline containing 0.05 % bovine serum albumin (PBSB) and analyzed for potential ricin contamination by ELISA. Our results indicate that only the cold‐pressed castor oil contained measurable levels of the toxin, estimated to be 35 ± 13 μg/l. A normal oral dose of castor oil for laxative use is 14 ml, so even cold‐pressed castor oil would be well below the toxic level of 1–5 μg/kg body weight. However, the presence of the toxin indicates that other soluble proteins, including allergens, may be present in cold‐pressed castor oil.
Enzymatic Synthesis of High sn‐2 DHA and ARA Modified Oils for the Formulation of Infant Formula Fat Analogues
Authors: Álvarez Carlos A. , Akoh Casimir C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHigh sn‐2 docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid oils (DHAOm and ARAOm, respectively) were produced independently via enzymatic interesterification of DHA‐rich and ARA‐rich single cell oils (DHASCO and ARASCO, respectively) using a mix of immobilized lipases, Lipozyme® TL IM and Novozym® 435 (weight ratio 1:1) as the biocatalyst system. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to model and optimize the reactions conditions. Three independent variables, namely reaction time, reaction temperature, and enzyme load, were investigated in DHAOm and ARAOm models. The prediction power of the model was further confirmed by solvent‐free scale‐up reactions of 100 g per batch. Final results showed that DHAOm contained 46.53 mol% of total DHA (49.70 % at the sn‐2 position), while ARAOm contained 47.25 mol% of total ARA (36.08 % at the sn‐2 position). This represents a significant increment in the amount of DHA and ARA at the sn‐2 position when compared to DHASCO (47.8 mol%; 30.30 % at the sn‐2) and ARASCO (47.79 mol%; 28.50 % at the sn‐2), respectively. These products have potential as additions to infant formulas where DHA and ARA supplementation is required.
Common and unique associations of adolescents' affective and cognitive empathy development with conflict behavior towards parents
Authors: Van Lissa Caspar J. , Hawk Skyler T. , Branje Susan , Koot Hans M. , Meeus Wim H.J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTAdolescents' development of two empathy dimensions, affective empathic concern and cognitive perspective taking, may be associated with shifts towards more constructive behaviors in conflict with parents. This six‐year longitudinal study (ages 13–18) used multivariate latent growth curve modeling to investigate correlations between the developmental trajectories of adolescents' (N = 497) empathic dispositions and trajectories of their conflict behaviors towards both parents. There were some similarities between the associations of both empathy dimensions with conflict behaviors. Both empathy dimensions were associated with reduced conflict escalation with mothers, and increased problem solving with both parents. However, these associations were consistently stronger for perspective taking than for empathic concern. Furthermore, higher levels of compliance with mothers in early adolescence were uniquely associated with over‐time increasing empathic concern. Perspective taking was uniquely associated with decreased withdrawal from conflicts. Perspective taking thus appears to be more strongly associated with a pattern of constructive conflict behaviors.
Genome Editing and Its Applications in Model Organisms
Authors: Ma Dongyuan , Liu Feng 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Technological advances are important for innovative biological research. Development of molecular tools for DNA manipulation, such as zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas), has revolutionized genome editing. These approaches can be used to develop potential therapeutic strategies to effectively treat heritable diseases. In the last few years, substantial progress has been made in CRISPR/Cas technology, including technical improvements and wide application in many model systems. This review describes recent advancements in genome editing with a particular focus on CRISPR/Cas, covering the underlying principles, technological optimization, and its application in zebrafish and other model organisms, disease modeling, and gene therapy used for personalized medicine.
Use of onabotulinum toxin A in patients with idiopathic overactive bladder and a lack of efficacy, intolerance or contraindication with anticholinergics
Authors: Ospina-Galeano Irma , Medina-Polo José , Rosa-Kerhmann Susana , Villacampa-Aubá Felipe , Guerrero-Ramos Felix , Passas-Martínez Juan 
Published: January 2016

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of onabotulinum toxin A in patients with idiopathic overactive bladder inadequately managed with anticholinergics.Materials and Methods A prospective, open-label, single centre, and interventional study was conducted, from 2008 to 2013, on consecutive patients with idiophatic overactive bladder that showed lack of efficacy or intolerance to anticholinergic agents.Results The study included 73 female patients aged 58.9 ± 12.9 years. A dose of 100 and 200 units of toxin were administered in 89 and 5 cases, respectively. Nineteen patients received a second injection, 8 patients received 3, and one patient was treated 4 times. Clinically, it was observed that 98% patients had urge urinary incontinence at baseline, as compared with 42% under treatment. Similar results were obtained regarding the number of pads used per day, from 2.8 at baseline to 0.5 after treatment as regards the urodynamic parameters, the first desire to void volume improved from 97 ± 63 mL to 139 ± 81 mL. Similar results were obtained as regards cystometric capacity and the volume of the first involuntary detrusor contraction. One patient had a positive urine culture resolved using a conventional oral antibiotic regimen. Intermittent catheterisation was required in 5 patients during the first week.Conclusions Onabotulinum toxin A injections significantly improved, not only the clinical symptoms, but also the urodynamic parameters in patients with idiopathic overactive bladder inadequately managed with anticholinergic drugs. This is a simple technique with minimal adverse effects and generally well tolerated.
Landscape history of the Oer-IJ tidal system, Noord-Holland (the Netherlands)
Authors: Vos P. , de Koning J. , van Eerden R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe prehistoric Oer-IJ tidal system in the coastal area of Noord-Holland, between Castricum, Uitgeest, Velsen and Amsterdam, was the successor of the Haarlem tidal system when this was silted up around 3000 BC and large peat bogs formed in the Zaanstreek and Haarlemmermeer areas. Since then the Oer-IJ has been the natural outlet to the sea, draining the peat hinterlands. About 800 BC the Oer-IJ system was connected to the fluvial system of the Utrechtse Vecht and became the northern branch of the river Rhine. During the Late Iron Age, when the Flevo lakes in the IJsselmeer region and the Utrechtse Vecht were connected with the Wadden Sea, the Oer-IJ lost its discharge function. The tidal area silted up and was closed between 200 and 100 BC by a barrier ridge. The settlement history of the Oer-IJ system and the archaeological heritage in the subsurface is closely related to the geological and hydrological development throughout the ages. The shape and location of the continuously migrating outlet determined the opportunities for human settlements and activities. The best locations were beach ridges, higher, silted-up salt marshes and marginal zones of the peatland. In the Late Iron Age the sand flats also became habitable since tidal activity had stopped. In the Early Roman period there was no direct connection from the harbour of Castellum Flevum at Velsen to the North Sea, but ships could navigate from the Oer-IJ channel between Velsen and Amsterdam, through the Flevo lakes and the Utrechtse Vecht to the Wadden Sea, and to the Roman border (Limes) along the Oude Rijn. Here the data used for the palaeogeographic landscape reconstruction of the Oer-IJ are presented and explained, and the most important landscape-forming processes, which led to the emergence and closure of the Oer-IJ, are described. The landscape reconstructions give a new perspective on the migration of the main tidal channel and the formation of the tidal-inlet system near Castricum, which was the result of the progradation of the beach ridges south and north of the Castricummerpolder (Binnendelta according to De Roo, 1953). The geological and archaeological observations in the Binnendelta prove that the Oer-IJ was closed from the open sea in the early Late Iron Age.
FOOD SECURITY AND THE RIGHT TO FOOD: FINDING BALANCE IN THE 2012 FOOD ASSISTANCE CONVENTION
Authors: La Chimia Annamaria 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOn 25 April 2012, after years of negotiations delayed by halts and setbacks, the Food Assistance Convention was adopted—the latest in a series of agreements that since 1967 have regulated the international provision of food aid. Great expectations have been placed on the adoption of the Convention. In particular it was hoped that the Convention would answer the call for a new system of food aid governance, introduce more effective mechanisms to address world's food insecurity and, ultimately, improve and modernize the rules applicable to food aid. This article provides the first critical commentary of the Convention's text, assesses the strengths and weaknesses of its provisions and considers whether and how the Convention has modified the architecture of international food aid regulation. The article also indicates where amendments to the rules might be needed to make the international regulation of food aid more effective. The article concludes that the Convention is, on balance, a positive instrument that could improve governance and adequacy of food assistance. The Convention is also important for the international human rights discourse on how States can fulfil their obligation to assist countries in need in that it offers guidance on how to meet such obligation in the specific context of the right to food. States should therefore be urged to sign and ratify it.
EUROPEAN UNION DATA PROTECTION LAW AND MEDIA EXPRESSION: FUNDAMENTALLY OFF BALANCE
Authors: Erdos David 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe European Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC requires all European Economic Area (EEA) jurisdictions to provide an equivalent regime protecting the privacy and other fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons in relation to personal data processing, whilst also shielding media expression from the default substantive requirements as necessary to ensure a balance between fundamental rights. Through a comprehensive coding of the derogations set out in each jurisdiction's data protection laws, this article provides the first systematic analysis of whether this has in fact been achieved. It is demonstrated that there is a total lack of even minimal harmonization in this area, with many laws providing for patently unbalanced results especially as regards the publication of sensitive information, which includes criminal convictions and political opinion, and the collection of information without notice direct from the data subject. This reality radically undermines European data protection's twin purposes of ensuring the free flow of personal data and protecting fundamental rights, an outcome which remains largely unaddressed by the proposed new Data Protection Regulation. Practical suggestions are put forward to ameliorate these troubling inconsistencies within the current process of reform.
STATE IMMUNITY AND THE RIGHT OF ACCESS TO A COURT UNDER THE EU CHARTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Authors: Sanger Andrew 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article examines the application of the right of access to a court as guaranteed by Article 47 of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights in cases involving State immunity. First, it considers the scope of the right of access to a court under the Charter, including its relationship with Article 6(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights, and the ways in which the Charter is given effect within UK law. Second, the article critically examines the Court of Appeal’s application of both Article 6(1) ECHR and Article 47 of the EU Charter in Benkharbouche v Sudan, a case brought by domestic service staff of foreign embassies based in London against Sudan and Libya respectively. It argues that the Court’s statement that the right of access to a court is not engaged in immunity cases because the court has no jurisdiction to exercise – an analysis which relies on Lord Millett’s reasoning in Holland v Lampen-Wolfe and the dicta of Lords Bingham and Hoffmann in Jones v Saudi Arabia – is erroneousness: the right of access to a court is always engaged in immunity cases because immunity does not deprive the courts of jurisdiction ab initio. The article also argues that contrary to the Court’s reasoning on Article 47 of the EU Charter, the right of access to a court does not need to have horizontal effect in a private between private parties: the right is always enforced against the forum State; it has indirect, not horizontal, effect.
THE ADMISSIBILITY CRITERION UNDER ARTICLE 35(3)(b) ECHR: A ‘SIGNIFICANT DISADVANTAGE’ TO HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION?
Authors: Vogiatzis Nikos 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this contribution is to provide a critical overview of issues of principle related to the ‘significant disadvantage’ admissibility criterion under 35(3)(b) ECHR, in light of the ongoing debate on the Court's reform. It argues that the admissibility criterion: undermines direct access to justice at the international level; affects the right of individual petition to the Strasbourg Court; constitutes a misunderstanding of the subsidiarity principle within the Convention machinery; urges the Court to consider the merits during the admissibility stage in a sensitive area of adjudication such as human rights; and entails the risk of an indirect classification of rights on the basis of the financial damage suffered by the applicant. The article links these points with the discussion on the Court's reform and considers alternative proposals to reduce its workload. It concludes by underlining that the ‘significant disadvantage’ criterion could be a suitable opportunity to address questions related to the Court's legitimacy, including the ECtHR's precise role and function within the Convention.
XIX.—On the Reciprocation of Certain Matrices
Authors: Collar A. R. 
Published: January 2016

In a recent paper (Frazer, Jones, and Skan, 1937) some methods are discussed for the approximate representation of functions by means of polynomials. The coefficients in the polynomials are determined by the equationwhere c is the column of coefficients, h is a column of known constants, and M is a matrix which depends on the method of representation adopted. The present paper shows how the reciprocal matrix M-1 can be computed rapidly and simply in the two cases where M is a moment matrix or an alternant matrix.
Counting Connected Hypergraphs via the Probabilistic Method
Authors: BOLLOBÁS BÉLA , RIORDAN OLIVER 
Published: January 2016

In 1990 Bender, Canfield and McKay gave an asymptotic formula for the number of connected graphs on [n] = {1,2,. . .,n} withmedges, whenevernand the nullitym−n+1 tend to infinity. LetCr(n,t) be the number of connectedr-uniform hypergraphs on [n] with nullityt= (r−1)m−n+1, wheremis the number of edges. Forr≥ 3, asymptotic formulae forCr(n,t) are known only for partial ranges of the parameters: in 1997 Karoński and Łuczak gave one fort=o(logn/log logn), and recently Behrisch, Coja-Oghlan and Kang gave one fort=Θ(n). Here we prove such a formula for any fixedr≥ 3 and anyt=t(n) satisfyingt=o(n) andt→∞ asn→∞, complementing the last result. This leaves open only the caset/n→∞, which we expect to be much simpler, and will consider in future work. The proof is based on probabilistic methods, and in particular on a bivariate local limit theorem for the number of vertices and edges in the largest component of a certain random hypergraph. We deduce this from the corresponding central limit theorem by smoothing techniques.
A National Framework for Disaster Health Education in Australia
Authors: FitzGerald Gerard J. , Aitken Peter , Arbon Paul , Archer Frank , Cooper David , Leggat Peter , Myers Colin , Robertson Andrew , Tarrant Michael , Davis Elinor R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroduction:Recent events have heightened awareness of disaster health issues and the need to prepare the health workforce to plan for and respond to major incidents. This has been reinforced at an international level by the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine, which has proposed an international educational framework.Objective:The aim of this paper is to outline the development of a national educational framework for disaster health in Australia.Methods:The framework was developed on the basis of the literature and the previous experience of members of a National Collaborative for Disaster Health Education and Research. The Collaborative was brought together in a series of workshops and teleconferences, utilizing a modified Delphi technique to finalize the content at each level of the framework and to assign a value to the inclusion of that content at the various levels.Framework:The framework identifies seven educational levels along with educational outcomes for each level. The framework also identifies the recommended contents at each level and assigns a rating of depth for each component. The framework is not intended as a detailed curriculum, but rather as a guide for educationalists to develop specific programs at each level.Conclusions:This educational framework will provide an infrastructure around which future educational programs in Disaster Health in Australia may be designed and delivered. It will permit improved articulation for students between the various levels and greater consistency between programs so that operational responders may have a consistent language and operational approach to the management of major events.