bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compliance with smoke-free legislation and smoking behaviour: observational field study from Punjab, India
Authors: Goel Sonu , Sharma Deepak , Gupta Rakesh , Mahajan Vini 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundIndian smoke-free legislation requires prohibition of smoking at public places and owners of public places to display ‘no smoking’ signages.Aims and objectivesThe study aims to assess the compliance of public places with smoke-free legislation and determine the factors associated with active smoking in public places.MethodologyThis was a cross-sectional analytic observational quantitative survey conducted by a team of trained field investigators using a structured observational checklist across 6875 public places in Punjab state of India. The study was carried out over a period of 3 years.ResultsA total of 6875 public places across 22 districts of Punjab were observed. The overall compliance to smoke-free law in Punjab was 83.8%. The highest overall compliance was observed in healthcare facilities (89.6%) and least in transit stations (78.8%). Less active smoking was observed in public places where display of ‘no smoking’ signage compliant with smoke-free law of India was present (adjusted OR 0.6). Further, there was a positive association between active smoking and places where the owner of public places smoked (OR 5.2, CI 2.5 to 11.1).ConclusionMore than 80% of the public places in a jurisdiction in north India were compliant with the smoke-free legislation of India. ‘No smoking’ signages displayed as per legislation have an effect on curbing smoking behaviours at public places. It is recommended that policymakers should focus more on implementing the smoke-free law at transit sites and structured training sessions should be organised for owners of workplaces.
Exercise of obese mice induces cardioprotection and oxygen sparing in hearts exposed to high-fat load
Authors: Boardman Neoma T. , Hafstad Anne D. , Lund Jim , Rossvoll Line , Aasum Ellen 
Published: August 2017

Exercise training is a potent therapeutic approach in obesity and diabetes that exerts protective effects against the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy and ischemic injury. Acute increases in circulating fatty acids (FAs) during an ischemic insult can challenge the heart, since high FA load is considered to have adverse cardiac effects. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that exercise-induced cardiac effects in diet-induced obese mice are abrogated by an acute high FA load. Diet-induced obese mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 20 wk. They were exercised using moderate- and/or high-intensity exercise training (MIT and HIT, respectively) for 10 or 3 wk, and isolated perfused hearts from these mice were exposed to a high FA load. Sedentary HFD mice served as controls. Ventricular function and myocardial O2 consumption were assessed after 10 wk of HIT and MIT, and postischemic functional recovery and infarct size were examined after 3 wk of HIT. In addition to improving aerobic capacity and reducing obesity and insulin resistance, long-term exercise ameliorated the development of diet-induced cardiac dysfunction. This was associated with improved mechanical efficiency because of reduced myocardial oxygen consumption. Although to a lesser extent, 3-wk HIT also increased aerobic capacity and decreased obesity and insulin resistance. HIT also improved postischemic functional recovery and reduced infarct size. Event upon the exposure to a high FA load, short-term exercise induced an oxygen-sparing effect. This study therefore shows that exercise-induced cardioprotective effects are present under hyperlipidemic conditions and highlights the important role of myocardial energetics during ischemic stress. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The exercise-induced cardioprotective effects in obese hearts are present under hyperlipidemic conditions, comparable to circulating levels of FA occurring with an ischemic insult. Myocardial oxygen sparing is associated with this effect, despite the general notion that high fat can decrease cardiac efficiency. This highlights the role of myocardial energetics during ischemic stress.
An update on hormone therapy in postmenopausal women: mini-review for the basic scientist
Authors: Miller Virginia M. , Harman S. Mitchell 
Published: August 2017

The worlds of observational, clinical, and basic science collided in 2002 with the publication of results of the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), a large-scale, prospective, blinded, randomized-controlled trial designed to provide evidence regarding use of hormone treatment to prevent cardiovascular disease in menopausal women. The results of the WHI dramatically changed clinical practice, negatively impacted funding for hormone research, and left scientists to unravel the “why” of the results. Now over a decade and a half since the initial publication of the WHI results, basic and clinical scientists often do not interpret the results of the WHI with the precision needed to move the science forward. This review will 1) describe the historical background leading up to the WHI, 2) list the outcomes from the WHI, and put them in perspective with results of subsequent analysis of the WHI data and results from other prospective menopausal hormone treatment trials addressing cardiovascular effects of menopausal hormone use, and 3) articulate how the collective results are influencing current clinical care with the intent to provide guidance for designing and evaluating relevant new hormonal studies. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/update-on-hormone-therapy-trials/ .
Aquaporin 1-mediated changes in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation involve β-catenin
Authors: Yun Xin , Jiang Haiyang , Lai Ning , Wang Jian , Shimoda Larissa A. 
Published: August 2017

Exposure to hypoxia induces migration and proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), leading to vascular remodeling and contributing to the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. The mechanisms controlling PASMC growth and motility are incompletely understood, although aquaporin 1 (AQP1) plays an important role. In tumor, kidney, and stem cells, AQP1 has been shown to interact with β-catenin, a dual function protein that activates the transcription of crucial target genes (i.e., c-Myc and cyclin D1) related to cell migration and proliferation. Thus the goal of this study was to examine mechanisms by which AQP1 mediates PASMC migration and proliferation, with a focus on β-catenin. Using primary rat PASMCs from resistance level pulmonary arteries infected with adenoviral constructs containing green fluorescent protein (control; AdGFP), wild-type AQP1 (AdAQP1), or AQP1 with the COOH-terminal tail deleted (AdAQP1M), we demonstrated that increasing AQP1 expression upregulated β-catenin protein levels and the expression (mRNA and protein) of the known β-catenin targets c-Myc and cyclin D1. In contrast, infection with AdAQP1M had no effect on any of these variables. Using silencing approaches to reduce β-catenin levels prevented both hypoxia- and AQP1-induced migration and proliferation of PASMCs, as well as induction of c-Myc and cyclin D1 by AQP1. Thus our results indicate that elevated AQP1 levels upregulate β-catenin protein levels, via a mechanism requiring the AQP1 COOH-terminal tail, enhancing expression of β-catenin targets and promoting PASMC proliferation and migration.
Remote ischemic preconditioning does not prevent acute mountain sickness after rapid ascent to 3,450 m
Authors: Berger Marc M. , Macholz Franziska , Lehmann Lukas , Dankl Daniel , Hochreiter Marcel , Bacher Bernhard , Bärtsch Peter , Mairbäurl Heimo 
Published: August 2017

Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been shown to protect remote organs, such as the brain and the lung, from damage induced by subsequent hypoxia or ischemia. Acute mountain sickness (AMS) is a syndrome of nonspecific neurologic symptoms and in high-altitude pulmonary edema excessive hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) plays a pivotal role. We hypothesized that RIPC protects the brain from AMS and attenuates the magnitude of HPV after rapid ascent to 3,450 m. Forty nonacclimatized volunteers were randomized into two groups. At low altitude (750 m) the RIPC group ( n = 20) underwent 4 × 5 min of lower-limb ischemia (induced by inflation of bilateral thigh cuffs to 200 mmHg) followed by 5 min of reperfusion. The control group ( n = 20) underwent a sham protocol (4 × 5 min of bilateral thigh cuff inflation to 20 mmHg). Thereafter, participants ascended to 3,450 m by train over 2 h and stayed there for 48 h. AMS was evaluated by the Lake Louise score (LLS) and the AMS-C score. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure (SPAP) was assessed by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. RIPC had no effect on the overall incidence (RIPC: 35%, control: 35%, P = 1.0) and severity (RIPC vs. control: P = 0.496 for LLS; P = 0.320 for AMS-C score) of AMS. RIPC also had no significant effect on SPAP [maximum after 10 h at high altitude; RIPC: 33 (SD 8) mmHg; controls: 37 (SD 7) mmHg; P = 0.19]. This study indicates that RIPC, performed immediately before passive ascent to 3,450 m, does not attenuate AMS and the magnitude of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has been reported to improve neurologic and pulmonary outcome following an acute ischemic or hypoxic insult, yet the effect of RIPC for protecting from high-altitude diseases remains to be determined. The present study shows that RIPC, performed immediately before passive ascent to 3,450 m, does not attenuate acute mountain sickness and the degree of high-altitude pulmonary hypertension. Therefore, RIPC cannot be recommended for prevention of high-altitude diseases.
Long-term bleeding risk prediction in ‘real world’ patients with atrial fibrillation: Comparison of the HAS-BLED and ABC-Bleeding risk scores
Authors: Roldán Vanessa , Vicente Vicente , Valdés Mariano , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Asunción Esteve-Pastor María , Miguel Rivera-Caravaca José , Marín Francisco 
Published: August 2017

SummaryRisk scores in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) based on clinical factors alone generally have only modest predictive value for predicting high risk patients that sustain events. Biomarkers might be an attractive prognostic tool to improve bleeding risk prediction. The new ABCBleeding score performed better than HAS-BLED score in a clinical trial cohort but has not been externally validated. The aim of this study was to analyze the predictive performance of the ABC-Bleeding score compared to HAS-BLED score in an independent “real-world” anticoagulated AF patients with long-term follow-up. We enrolled 1,120 patients stable on vitamin K antagonist treatment. The HAS-BLED and ABC-Bleeding scores were quantified. Predictive values were compared by c-indexes, IDI, NRI, as well as decision curve analysis (DCA). Median HAS-BLED score was 2 (IQR 2–3) and median ABC-Bleeding was 16.5 (IQR 14.3–18.6). After 6.5 years of follow-up, 207 (2.84%/year) patients had major bleeding events, of which 65 (0.89%/year) had intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) and 85 (1.17%/year) had gastrointestinal bleeding events (GIB). The c-index of HAS-BLED was significantly higher than ABC-Bleeding for major bleeding (0.583 vs 0.518; p=0.025), GIB (0.596 vs 0.519; p=0.017) and for the composite of ICH-GIB (0.593 vs 0.527; p=0.030). NRI showed a significant negative reclassification for major bleeding and for the composite of ICH-GIB with the ABC-Bleeding score compared to HAS-BLED. Using DCAs, the use of HAS-BLED score gave an approximate net benefit of 4% over the ABC-Bleeding score. In conclusion, in the first “real-world” validation of the ABC-Bleeding score, HAS-BLED performed significantly better than the ABC-Bleeding score in predicting major bleeding, GIB and the composite of GIB and ICH.Note: The review process for this manuscript was fully handled by Christian Weber, Editor in Chief.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Progression From Esophageal Thermal Asymptomatic Lesion to Perforation Complicating Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Halbfass Philipp , Pavlov Borche , Müller Patrick , Nentwich Karin , Sonne Kai , Barth Sebastian , Hamm Karsten , Fochler Franziska , Mügge Andreas , Lüsebrink Ulrich , Kuhn Rainer , Deneke Thomas 
Published: August 2017

Background—
Up to 40% of patients demonstrate endoscopically detected asymptomatic esophageal lesions (EDEL) after atrial fibrillation ablation.

Methods and Results—
Patients undergoing first atrial fibrillation ablation and postinterventional esophageal endoscopy were included in the study. Occurrence of esophageal perforating complications during follow-up was related to documented EDEL (category 1: erythema/erosion; category 2: ulcer). In total, 1802 patients underwent first atrial fibrillation ablation procedure between January 2013 and August 2016 at our institution. Out of this group, 832 patients (506 male patients, 61%; 64.0±10.0 years) with symptomatic paroxysmal (n=345; 42%) or persistent atrial fibrillation underwent postprocedural esophageal endoscopy. Patients were ablated using single-tip ablation with conventional or surround flow irrigation and circular ablation catheters with open irrigation (nMARQ). In 295 of 832 patients (35%), a temperature probe was used. EDEL occurred in 150 patients (18%; n=98 category 1 EDEL, n=52 category 2 EDEL). In 5 of 832 patients (0.6%), an esophageal perforation (n=3) or an esophagopericardial or atrioesophageal fistula (n=2) occurred 15 to 28 days (19±6 days) after ablation. Two patients (1 atrioesophageal fistula and 1 esophagopericardial fistula) died. Esophageal perforation occurred only in patients with category 2 lesions (absolute risk, 9.6%). In a logistic regression analysis, ulcers were identified to be a significant predictor for esophageal perforating complications.

Conclusions—
Postablation endoscopy seems to identify patients at high risk of esophageal perforating complications only occurring in patients with category 2 EDEL. One out of 10 postablation esophageal ulcers progressed to perforation, and no patient without esophageal thermal ulcers showed the occurrence of perforating esophageal complications.
Burden of Intracranial Atherosclerosis Is Associated With Long-Term Vascular Outcome in Patients With Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kim Byung-Su , Chung Pil-Wook , Park Kwang-Yeol , Won Hong-Hee , Bang Oh Young , Chung Chin-Sang , Lee Kwang Ho , Kim Gyeong-Moon 
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose—
Ischemic stroke patients often have intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS), despite heterogeneity in the cause of stroke. We tested the hypothesis that ICAS burden can independently reflect the risk of long-term vascular outcome.

Methods—
This was a retrospective cohort study analyzing data from a prospective stroke registry enrolling consecutive patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. A total of 1081 patients were categorized into no ICAS, single ICAS, and advanced ICAS (ICAS ≥2 different intracranial arteries) groups. Primary and secondary end points were time to occurrence of recurrent ischemic stroke and composite vascular outcome, respectively. Study end points by ICAS burden were compared using Cox proportional hazards models in overall and propensity-matched patients.

Results—
ICAS was present in 405 patients (37.3%). During a median 5-year follow-up, recurrent stroke and composite vascular outcome occurred in 6.8% and 16.8% of patients, respectively. As the number of ICAS increased, the risk for study end points increased after adjustment of potential covariates (hazard ratio per 1 increase in ICAS, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.42 for recurrent ischemic stroke and hazard ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–1.33 for composite vascular outcome). The hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for recurrent stroke and composite vascular outcome in patients with advanced ICAS compared with those without ICAS were 1.56 (0.88–2.74) and 1.72 (1.17–2.53), respectively, in the overall patients. The corresponding values in the propensity-matched patients were 1.28 (0.71–2.30) and 1.95 (1.27–2.99), respectively.

Conclusions—
ICAS burden was independently associated with the risk of subsequent composite vascular outcome in patients with ischemic stroke. These findings suggest that ICAS burden can reflect the risk of long-term vascular outcome.
Clinical performance of an infliximab rapid quantification assay
Authors: Magro Fernando , Afonso Joana , Lopes Susana , Coelho Rosa , Gonçalves Raquel , Caldeira Paulo , Lago Paula , de Sousa Helena Tavares , Ramos Jaime , Gonçalves Ana Rita , Ministro Paula , Rosa Isadora , Meira Tânia , Andrade Patrícia , Soares João-Bruno , Carvalho Diana , Sousa Paula , Vieira Ana Isabel , Lopes Joanne , Dias Cláudia Camila , Geboes Karel , Carneiro Fátima 
Published: August 2017

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)-based algorithms can be used to guide infliximab (IFX) adjustments in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. This study aimed to explore a rapid IFX-quantification test from a clinical perspective. Methods: This manuscript describes a prospective cohort study involving 110 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients on the maintenance phase of IFX. IFX trough levels were quantified using a rapid quantification assay and a commonly-used reference kit. Results: Irrespective of the assay used to measure IFX, its through levels were statistically different between patients with and without endoscopic remission (Mayo endoscopic score = 0), as well as between patients stratified by their faecal calprotectin (FC) levels. Despite the fact that the two methods correlated well with each other [Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient = 0.843, p < 0.001; intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.857, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.791–0.903], there was a discernible systematic variation; values obtained with the reference kit were on average 2.62 units higher than those obtained with the rapid assay. Notwithstanding, 3 µg/ml was shown to be an acceptable cut-off to assess endoscopic status and inflammatory burden levels using both assays. The percentage of patients that had a positive outcome when the IFX concentration measured by the rapid assay ranked above 3 µg/ml was 88% both for a Mayo endoscopic score ⩽ 1 and for an FC concentration <250 µg/g. Conclusions: Based on this study, we concluded that using the rapid IFX assessment system with a 3 µg/ml threshold is a reliable alternative to the time-consuming enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in patients on the maintenance phase of IFX.
Genomic analysis of hairy cell leukemia identifies novel recurrent genetic alterations
Authors: Durham Benjamin H. , Getta Bartlomiej , Dietrich Sascha , Taylor Justin , Won Helen , Bogenberger James M. , Scott Sasinya , Kim Eunhee , Chung Young Rock , Chung Stephen S. , Hüllein Jennifer , Walther Tatjana , Wang Lu , Lu Sydney X. , Oakes Christopher C. , Tibes Raoul , Haferlach Torsten , Taylor Barry S. , Tallman Martin S. , Berger Michael F. , Park Jae H. , Zenz Thorsten , Abdel-Wahab Omar 
Published: August 2017

Key Points
KMT2C mutations occur in 15% and 25% of patients with cHCL and vHCL, respectively, along with CCND3 and U2AF1 mutations each in 13% of vHCLs. NF1, NF2, N/KRAS, and IRS1 alterations contribute to clinical resistance to vemurafenib treatment in patients with cHCL.
Immune-checkpoint inhibitors associated with interstitial lung disease in cancer patients
Authors: Delaunay Myriam , Cadranel Jacques , Lusque Amélie , Meyer Nicolas , Gounant Valérie , Moro-Sibilot Denis , Michot Jean-Marie , Raimbourg Judith , Girard Nicolas , Guisier Florian , Planchard David , Metivier Anne-Cécile , Tomasini Pascale , Dansin Eric , Pérol Maurice , Campana Marion , Gautschi Oliver , Früh Martin , Fumet Jean-David , Audigier-Valette Clarisse , Couraud Sébastien , Dalle Stéphane , Leccia Marie-Thérèse , Jaffro Marion , Collot Samia , Prévot Grégoire , Milia Julie , Mazieres Julien 
Published: August 2017

Immunotherapy is becoming a standard of care for many cancers. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can generate immune-related adverse events. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) has been identified as a rare but potentially severe event.Between December 2015 and April 2016, we conducted a retrospective study in centres experienced in ICI use. We report the main features of ICI–ILD with a focus on clinical presentation, radiological patterns and therapeutic strategies.We identified 64 (3.5%) out of 1826 cancer patients with ICI–ILD. Patients mainly received programmed cell death-1 inhibitors. ILD usually occurred in males, and former or current smokers, with a median age of 59 years. We observed 65.6% grade 2/3 severity, 9.4% grade 4 severity and 9.4% fatal ILD. The median (range) time from initiation of immunotherapy to ILD was 2.3 (0.2−27.4) months. Onset tended to occur earlier in lung cancerversusmelanoma: median 2.1 and 5.2 months, respectively (p=0.02). Ground-glass opacities (81.3%) were the predominant lesions, followed by consolidations (53.1%). Organising pneumonia (23.4%) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (15.6%) were the most common patterns. Overall survival at 6 months was 58.1% (95% CI 37.7–73.8%).ICI–ILD often occurs early and displays suggestive radiological features. As there is no clearly identified risk factor, oncologists need to diagnose and adequately treat this adverse event.
ESTADO DEL ARTE MPLS-TP CONMUTACIÓN MULTIPROTOCOLO MEDIANTE ETIQUETAS - PERFIL DE TRANSPORTE
Authors: García Lois Albert Espinel , Martínez Pedraza Luis Fernando , Salcedo Parra Octavio 
Published: August 2017

La creciente demanda en servicios de telecomunicaciones genera la necesidad de desarrollar diferentes modelos de red. En el año 2008, la UIT-T une sinergias con la IETF para desarrollar un protocolo llamado MPLS-TP cuya arquitectura representa el resultado la agregación de la eficiencia en el transporte de paquetes de IP/MPLS con la fiabilidad en el transporte de SONET/SDH. Este trabajo presenta un estado del arte de MPLS-TP donde se plasman los estudios actuales y avances relacionados con ésta tecnología: modelos de arquitectura óptica, modelos de protección en OAM. Además se presenta la estructura, funcionamiento y características que hacen de MPLS-TP una opción para las redes de transporte de siguiente generación. El material de apoyo para el desarrollo de este artículo ha sido obtenido de la base documental de recursos electrónicos con contenido científico de apoyo a la investigación de la Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas.
AVANCES EN LA FORMACIÓN DE LINIEROS Y PROPUESTA DE UN SISTEMA EMULADOR PARA PRÁCTICAS DE ENTRENAMIENTO EN LÍNEA VIVA
Authors: Bejarano Rodríguez Ronal Douglas , Moreno Guevara Leidy Johanna 
Published: August 2017

Este artículo resume el estado del arte sobre los espacios y métodos utilizados en el entrenamiento especializado para operarios encargados de ejecutar el mantenimiento a las redes de distribución eléctrica, quienes son designados como linieros e incluyen en sus actividades, practicas de trabajo con tensión. Las condiciones actuales del sistema eléctrico, hacen evidente la necesidad de buscar estrategias que permitan garantizar su funcionalidad permanente, interviniéndolo por medio de trabajos que no comprometan la calidad del servicio de energía, ni la seguridad de quienes lo intervienen. Como resultado de la investigación, se obtiene un panorama que demuestra la urgente necesidad de innovar en las herramientas didácticas utilizadas para el entrenamiento del personal y apoyar los complejos procedimientos de reclutamiento. Por ello, se propone diseñar un sistema emulador, como herramienta pedagógica para las prácticas de capacitación y entrenamiento de línea viva a contacto, restringiendo así los riesgos.