bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition of the role of nature in the formation of fractal architecture
Authors: Mirmoradi Seyedeh Somayeh 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
After a long period of one-way consumerist attitude toward nature, there have been some alternate perspectives on the systemic relationship between humans and nature, which have been again brought up during the past few decades. Since the late twentieth century, fractal architecture has been one of the most important themes discussed in architecture and it is based on the chaos and complexity theories. Critics often criticize this architecture due to its lack of architectural values, practicality, and attention to economy, culture, and history. The current study aims to clarify the scientific theories that are the theoretical foundations of this approach in contemporary architecture. By categorizing the practical examples of this architectural approach, they are analyzed in terms of their relationship with nature using the logical reasoning method to achieve a favorable architecture. In fact, the gap between this architecture and nature’s behavior is shown.
Religiosität/Spiritualität und psychische Gesundheit: Zentrale Ergebnisse einer Metaanalyse über Studien aus dem deutschsprachigen Raum
Authors: Zwingmann Christian , Hodapp Bastian 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Zahlreiche Studien aus dem US-amerikanischen Bereich weisen insgesamt auf einen leicht positiven Zusammenhang zwischen Religiosität/Spiritualität (R/S) und psychischer Gesundheit hin. Wegen des stark differenten religiös-kulturellen Hintergrunds können diese Befunde aber nicht ohne Weiteres auf den deutschsprachigen Bereich übertragen werden. Die hier vorgestellte Metaanalyse nimmt erstmals eine quantitative Integration der bisher aus Deutschland, Österreich und der deutschsprachigen Schweiz vorliegenden einschlägigen empirischen Studien vor. Es wurden 67 unabhängige Primärstudien in die Metaanalyse aufgenommen (N = 119 575). Über alle diese Studien hinweg beträgt die gewichtete Durchschnittskorrelation zwischen R/S und psychischer Gesundheit .03 (95 %-Konfidenzintervall: [.01; .05]), was bedeutet, dass im deutschsprachigen Bereich stärkere R/S zwar signifikant, aber nur sehr schwach mit besserer psychischer Gesundheit verbunden ist. Dieses Ergebnis wird durch verschiedene Studien- und soziodemografische Merkmale nicht oder nur relativ geringfügig moderiert. Recht hohe Unterschiede ergeben sich allerdings, wenn verschiedene Arten von R/S-Maßen miteinander verglichen werden. Dabei zeigt sich, dass ein „negativer Umgang mit Religion oder Gott“ eine deutlich negative Korrelation von -.20 mit psychischer Gesundheit aufweist, während bei anderen R/S-Maßen ganz überwiegend leicht positive Zusammenhänge zu finden sind. Im Vergleich zu amerikanischen Metaanalysen ist der für den deutschsprachigen Bereich festgestellte Gesamteffekt niedriger, und die Zusammenhänge zwischen negativen R/S-Formen und psychischer Beeinträchtigung sind besonders stark ausgeprägt. In der Diskussion werden weitere Vergleiche mit bisherigen Forschungsbefunden vorgenommen und erste inhaltliche Erklärungen versucht.
Corrosion Behavior of Titanium Oxynitrided by Diffusion and Magnetron Sputtering Methods in Physiological Solution
Authors: Pohrelyuk I. M. , Yaskiv O. I. , Tkachuk O. V. , Barradas N. P. , Alves E. , Vaz F. , Cunha L. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This work presents the study of the corrosion-electrochemical behavior of titanium alloy Grade 2 treated with combined coatings—presaturation with nitrogen diffusion layer by thermal-chemical treatment, oxygen diffusion layer by thermal-chemical treatment, and a titanium oxynitride (TiNxOy) coating deposited by magnetron sputtering—in physiological solution. Structural analysis has shown that TiNxOy can be represented as a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure in which nitrogen atoms are replaced by oxygen atoms, or oxygen atoms are replaced by nitrogen atoms. Presaturation of titanium Grade 2 with oxygen and nitrogen leads to the formation of TiNxOy with near equiatomic composition at subsequent oxynitriding by magnetron sputtering. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) measurements show the homogeneity of the coating composition. The surface of titanium Grade 2 with a nitrogen diffusion layer presents the highest lightness factor and reflectivity in the range of the visible spectrum. Diffusion presaturation of titanium Grade 2 with either oxygen or nitrogen provides better adhesion of TiNxOy film to substrate. The presence of an oxygen diffusion layer leads to a stronger bond. It was found that a TiNxOy coating increases the corrosion resistance (isotonic solution of 0.9 % sodium chloride (NaCl)) 1.2 times as compared to a nontreated alloy. When the titanium alloy was presaturated with oxygen or nitrogen, the combination of the Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) oxynitride coating and the diffusion layer, 50µm thick, assists in additional enhancement of corrosion properties 1.5 to 3 times.
Wear Resistance of the Multilayer TiN/Ti(B,N) Coating Deposited on Cold Work Tool Steels
Authors: Landek Darko , Cajner Franjo , Kovačić Saša 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This paper investigates the abrasion and erosion wear resistance of the multilayer coating within the system Ti-B-N applied to samples made of two hardened and tempered tool steels: Böhler grades K390 MC and X155CrVMo12-1. The multilayer coating consists from the thin interlayer TiN deposited directly on steel substrate and the Ti(B,N) coating, with continuous variation of stoichiometric ratio of boron and nitrogen through the thickness of the coating. Near the TiN interlayer Ti(B,N) coating has only a small content of boron while at the surface the layer TiB2 has been obtained. The multilayer TiN/Ti(B,N) coating was produced by the direct current plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition (dc PACVD) in an industrial furnace with a hot wall. Tests of abrasive wear resistance were performed using an abrasive wear testing machine constructed according to ASTM G65-15, Standard Test Method for Measuring Abrasion Using the Dry Sand/Rubber Wheel Apparatus. The weight loss of samples was measured after a total wear path of 358 m. The test of erosion resistance was carried out by exposing the samples to impact erosion of fine sand particles and by determining the weight loss after 60 min of wear. Worn surfaces were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show a significant improvement in the abrasion and the erosion wear resistance of the TiN/Ti(B,N) coating applied to both tool steel samples with compared with the noncoated samples.
Increased GSNOR Expression during Aging Impairs Cognitive Function and Decreases S-Nitrosation of CaMKIIα
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Wu Kaiyuan , Su Wenting , Zhang Deng-Feng , Wang Ping , Qiao Xinhua , Yao Qin , Yuan Zengqiang , Yao Yong-Gang , Liu Guanghui , Zhang Chen , Liu Limin , Chen Chang 
Published: September 2017

As the population ages, an increasing number of people suffer from age-related cognitive impairment. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Here, we found that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), the key enzyme that metabolizes intracellular nitric oxide (NO) and regulates S-nitrosation, was significantly increased in the hippocampus of both aging humans and mice. Transgenic mice overexpressing GSNOR exclusively in neurons showed cognitive impairment in behavioral tests, including the Morris water maze, fear conditioning, and the Y-maze test. We also found thatGSNORtransgenic mice have LTP defects and lower dendrite spine density, whereasGSNORknock-out mice rescued the age-related cognitive impairment. Analysis of S-nitrosation showed significantly decreased hippocampal CaMKIIα S-nitrosation in naturally aged mice andGSNORtransgenic mice. Consistent with the change in CaMKIIα S-nitrosation, the accumulation of CaMKIIα in the hippocampal synaptosomal fraction, as well as its downstream signaling targets p(S831)-GLUR1, was also significantly decreased. All these effects could be rescued in theGSNORknock-out mice. We further verified that the S-nitrosation of CaMKIIα was responsible for the CaMKIIα synaptosomal accumulation by mutating CaMKIIα S-nitrosated sites (C280/C289). Upregulation of the NO signaling pathway rescued the cognitive impairment inGSNORtransgenic mice. In summary, our research demonstrates that GSNOR impairs cognitive function in aging and it could serve as a new potential target for the treatment of age-related cognitive impairment. In contrast to the free radical theory of aging, NO signaling deficiency may be the main mediator of age-related cognitive impairment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study indicated that S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR), a key protein S-nitrosation metabolic enzyme, is a new potential target in age-related cognitive impairment; and in contrast to the free radical theory of aging, NO signaling deficiency may be the main cause of this process. In addition, increased GSNOR expression during aging decreases S-nitrosation of CaMKIIα and reduces CaMKIIα synaptosomal accumulation. To our knowledge, it is for the first time to show the cellular function regulation of CaMKIIα by GSNOR-dependent S-nitrosation as a new post-translational modification after its phosphorylation was explored. These findings elucidate a novel mechanism of age-related cognitive impairment and may provide a new potential target and strategy for slowing down this process.
Suppression of Striatal Prediction Errors by the Prefrontal Cortex in Placebo Hypoalgesia
Authors: Schenk Lieven A. , Sprenger Christian , Onat Selim , Colloca Luana , Büchel Christian 
Published: September 2017

Classical learning theories predict extinction after the discontinuation of reinforcement through prediction errors. However, placebo hypoalgesia, although mediated by associative learning, has been shown to be resistant to extinction. We tested the hypothesis that this is mediated by the suppression of prediction error processing through the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We compared pain modulation through treatment cues (placebo hypoalgesia, treatment context) with pain modulation through stimulus intensity cues (stimulus context) during functional magnetic resonance imaging in 48 male and female healthy volunteers. During acquisition, our data show that expectations are correctly learned and that this is associated with prediction error signals in the ventral striatum (VS) in both contexts. However, in the nonreinforced test phase, pain modulation and expectations of pain relief persisted to a larger degree in the treatment context, indicating that the expectations were not correctly updated in the treatment context. Consistently, we observed significantly stronger neural prediction error signals in the VS in the stimulus context compared with the treatment context. A connectivity analysis revealed negative coupling between the anterior PFC and the VS in the treatment context, suggesting that the PFC can suppress the expression of prediction errors in the VS. Consistent with this, a participant's conceptual views and beliefs about treatments influenced the pain modulation only in the treatment context. Our results indicate that in placebo hypoalgesia contextual treatment information engages prefrontal conceptual processes, which can suppress prediction error processing in the VS and lead to reduced updating of treatment expectancies, resulting in less extinction of placebo hypoalgesia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn aversive and appetitive reinforcement learning, learned effects show extinction when reinforcement is discontinued. This is thought to be mediated by prediction errors (i.e., the difference between expectations and outcome). Although reinforcement learning has been central in explaining placebo hypoalgesia, placebo hypoalgesic effects show little extinction and persist after the discontinuation of reinforcement. Our results support the idea that conceptual treatment beliefs bias the neural processing of expectations in a treatment context compared with a more stimulus-driven processing of expectations with stimulus intensity cues. We provide evidence that this is associated with the suppression of prediction error processing in the ventral striatum by the prefrontal cortex. This provides a neural basis for persisting effects in reinforcement learning and placebo hypoalgesia.
HUBUNGAN IKAN PELAGIS DENGAN KONSENTRASI KLOROFIL-A DI LAUT JAWA
Authors: Kasim Kamaluddin , Triharyuni Setiya , Wujdi Arief 
Published: September 2017

Klorofil-a banyak ditemukan pada fitoplankton dan menjadi indikator kesuburan perairan. Keberadaan fitoplankton ditandai dengan kandungan klorofil-a yang tinggi dan diikuti oleh keberadaan zooplankton yang akhirnya mempengaruhi keberadaan organisme perairan lainnya seperti ikan pelagis kecil maupun ikan pelagis besar sebagai suatu rantai makanan. Interaksi antara konsentrasi klorofil-a terhadap keberadaan dan konsentrasi ikan pelagis di Laut Jawa belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui hubungan interaksi antara klorofil-a terhadap konsentrasi ikan pelagis. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data runtun waktu hasil tangkapan beberapa jenis pelagis besar dan kecil yang didaratkan di PPI Pekalongan tahun 2007-2011 serta data runtun waktu konsentrasi klorofil-a dari perairan utara Jawa yang diperoleh dari informasi sekunder.Metode analisis korelasi linear sederhana (bivariate correlation) digunakan untukmengetahui ada atau tidaknya pengaruh antar variabel klorofil-a dan konsentrasi ikan pelagis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan layang (Decapterus russelli) paling nyata mendapat pengaruh dari konsentrasi klorofil-a (P<0,05) dan berkorelasi positif terhadap konsentrasi klorofil-a dengan nilai koefisien korelasi ( r ) sebesar 0,56, sedangkan ikan pelagis lainnya berkorelasi negatif. Ikan tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) posisinya menempati rantai makanan paling tinggi sebagai pemangsa, mempunyai korelasi positif (r = 0,5) terhadap Rastrelliger kanagurta dan r = 0,56 terhadap Amblygaster sirm.Chlorophyll-a is a light-absorbing pigment that can be found in photosynthetic organisms such as algae and phytoplankton. The evidence of phytoplankton that indicated by high contents of chlorophyll-a may followed the evidence of zooplankton and other micro aquatic organism as a food chain component. An overview of interrelationships between chlorophyll-a and pelagic fishes in the waters around Java Sea have not much investigated. The research was attempted to study the interaction between chlorophyll-a abundance and the abundance of small and large pelagic as well as relationship among small and large pelagic as prey-predators component. Research conducted by collecting time series catch data of small and large pelagic species landed at PPI Pekalongan during the period of 2006-2012, as well as the data of chlorophyll-a abundance through previous research studies. The results showed that layang (Decapterus russelli) was the most significant species that positively correlated to abundance of chlorophyll-a (P < 0.05) with value of r = 0.6. while others pelagic species have negative correlation. As a predator species, tongkol (Euthynnus affinis) was positively correlated ( r = 0.5) to the abundance of banyar (Rastrelliger kanagurta) as well as juwi (Amblygaster sirm) with r value 0.56.
KOMPOSISI MAKANAN IKAN SEPAT SIAM (Trichopodus pectoralis Regan, 1910) DI DANAU TALIWANG, SUMBAWA
Authors: Tampubolon Prawira ARP , Rahardjo M.F. 
Published: September 2017

Ikan sepat siam (Trichopodus pectoralis, Regan 1910) merupakan salah satu target penangkapan ikan di Danau Taliwang, Sumbawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmendeskripsikan komposisi makanan ikan sepat siam di Danau Taliwang. Pengambilan contoh ikan dilakukan pada bulanMei–Juli 2010 menggunakan jaring insang. Analisis komponen makanan menggunakan indeks bagian terbesar. Total ikan contoh yang tertangkap selama penelitian sebanyak 110 ekor yang terdiri atas 59 ekor ikan jantan dan 51 ekor ikan betina. Panjang total ikan yang tertangkap berkisar antara 125–196 mm dan bobot antara 26,7–141,7 gram. Makanan ikan sepat terdiri atas mikroalga, Rotifera, Ostracoda dan serangga dengan makanan utama adalah mikroalga dari Kelas Bacillariophyceae (generaMelosira,Navicula, dan Diatoma).Komposisimakanan berdasarkan bulan pengamatan dan ukuran tubuh relatif sama.Snakeskin gouramy (Trichopodus pectoralis, Regan 1910) is a one of many target species of fish caught in Taliwang Lake, Sumbawa. The objective of this study is to describe the diet composition of snakeskin gouramy found in Taliwang Lake. The fish samples were caught using gillnet during May–July 2010. The diet composition was analyzed by using the index of preponderance. The total number of fish caught during the research was 110 fishes, comprising 59 males and 51 females. The range of total length and total weight of the samples were 125–196 mm and 26.7–141.7 grams, respectively. Snakeskin gouramy in Taliwang Lake mainly feed on Microalgae, Rotifer, Ostracod, and insect. Their main diet, however, is Microalgae from the class of Bacillariophyceae (genera of Melosira, Navicula, and Diatoma). The diet composition of the fish which was determined from the sampling time and body size is relatively the same.
BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI DAN KEBIASAAN MAKAN IKAN LAYUR (Trichiurus lepturus, Linnaeus) DI SEKITAR PERAIRAN BINUANGEUN, BANTEN
Authors: Prihatiningsih Prihatiningsih , Nurulludin Nurulludin 
Published: September 2017

Ikan layur tergolong ikan demersal dan permintaannya terus meningkat baik lokal maupun ekspor, menyebabkan produksi ikan layur jugameningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui biologi reproduksi dan kebiasaan makanan ikan layur di perairan Binuangeun-Banten. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan pada Januari – Desember 2013 dari hasil tangkapan nelayan dengan menggunakan alat tangkap jaring rampus, pancing rawai dan pancing ulur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan ikan layur bersifat allometrik positif, rata-rata ukuran pertama kali tertangkap lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ukuran pertama kali matang gonad sehingga masih dapatmelakukan proses rekruitmen. Pemijahan ikan layur diduga terjadi beberapa kali dalamsetahun. Nilai IKGbetina maupun jantan mengalami peningkatan dari TKG I sampai dengan TKG V yang akan menurun lagi pada TKG spent. Pola pemijahan ikan layur adalah partial spawner dan memiliki potensi reproduksi yang cukup besar dengan fekunditas berkisar 12.928–294.700 butir telur. Kebiasaanmakan ikan layur tergolong karnivora.The ribbonfish classified as demersal fish and the ever increasing demand for both local and export, causing ribbonfish production increase from year to year. This study aims to determine the reproductive biology and food habits of ribbonfish in the Binuangeun waters - Banten. Sample collected in January December 2013, with bottom gillnet, longline and handline . The results showed a pattern of growth the ribbonfish is allometric positive, The average length at first capture was higher than the average length at first maturity so that they can carry out the recruitment process. Ribbonfish spawning is thought to occur several times a year. Value IKG females and males has increased from TKG I to V which will decrease again at TKGspent. Ribbonfish spawning patterns are partial spawner and have the reproductive potential is quite large with fecundity ranging 12.928-29.4700 eggs. Feeding habits of ribbonfish is carnivor.
KEDALAMAN RENANG DAN WAKTU MAKAN IKAN ALBAKORA (Thunnus alalunga) DI SAMUDERA HINDIA SEBELAH SELATAN JAWA
Authors: Bahtiar Andi , Barata Abram , Nugraha Budi 
Published: September 2017

Albakora adalah salah satu spesies tuna yang berupa hasil tangkapan beku bernilai ekonomis tinggi bagi kapal-kapal rawai tuna. Penangkapan albakora di Samudera Hindia semakin kompetitif, sehingga setiap nahkoda dan nelayan kapal rawai tuna perlu memiliki pengetahuanmengenai tingkah laku ikan seperti kedalaman renang dan waktu makan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode observasi langsung di atas kapal rawai tuna yang berbasis di Benoa dan Palabuhanratu sebanyak 3 trip mulaiMaret sampai Nopember 2013. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kedalaman renang dan waktu makan albakora di Samudera Hindia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedalaman renang albakora berdasarkan pengamatan data minilogger berada pada kisaran 57,04 - 325,46 m. Albakora lebih banyak tertangkap pada lapisan renang permukaan hingga pertengahan. Intensitas kebiasaan albakora mencarimakanan dilakukan antara pukul 07:45 - 17:59, dengan frekuensi tertinggi aktifmakan yaitu pada selang pukul 10:00 - 11:00. Untukmendapatkan hasil tangkapan albakora yang berlimpah, maka nelayan rawai tuna perlumenggunakanmetode penangkapan dengan perpaduan tipe rawai tuna permukaan dan pertengahan. Pengaturan waktu setting yang dimulai pagi hari dan waktu hauling mulai sore hari adalah waktu yang ideal dalampenangkapan albakora di Samudera Hindia.Albacore is one of the tuna species and mostly landed as frozen catch on tuna longliner. Albacore fishing in Indian Ocean more competitive, so Fishermans or Fishing Masters of tuna longliner must have knowledge of tuna behavior such as swimming layer and feeding periodicity. Research was conducted with observation on board on tuna longliner based Benoa and Palabuhanratu, totally 3 trips during March until November 2013. The aim of research are to know of swimming layer and feeding periodicity of albacore in Indian Ocean. Theresults showed that the swimming layer of albacore based minilogger data are distributed at 57.04 to 325.46 m The results showed that the swimming layer of albacore at 57.04 to 325.46 m. Albacore mostly catched in surface layer to middle in Indian Ocean. The feeding periodicity of albacore’s are start from 7:45pm to 17:59pm, mostly active at 10pmto 11pm. For the maximum catch of albacore’s, every fisherman of tuna longline must have a good fishing tactics. The combination of surface and middle tuna longline types are the best fishing tactics to be applied. The setting of tuna longline begin morning and hauling begin afternoon are the best time for fishing of albacore in the Indian Ocean.