bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A literatura infantil na alfabetização: a formação da criança leitora
Authors: De Moura Chagas Lilane Maria , Domingues Chirley 
Published: February 2016

O presente texto aborda algumas formas de se pensar a literatura infantil no ciclo de alfabetização do Ensino Fundamental. Tem-se, ainda, a pretensão de apresentar algumas possíveis formas de aproximação da literatura nesse nível de ensino. Acredita-se que, ao integrar ativamente a literatura infantil no processo da alfabetização (conhecimentos da oralidade e da escrita, das diversas formas verbais e não verbais de se compreender e descobrir o mundo) e na aquisição e ampliação da linguagem, estaremos contribuindo para a formação literária das crianças. Assim, em um primeiro momento, e sem esgotar o tema, desenvolvem-se algumas questões teóricas em relação à literatura Infantil, à leitura e à criança. No segundo momento, são tecida algumas reflexões sobre as práticas de leitura que as crianças do ciclo de alfabetização estão vivenciando a partir do contato com o Acervo Complementar do Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) e do Programa Nacional de Bibliotecas Escolares (PNBE) incluídos no material distribuído pelo Programa Nacional de Alfabetização na Idade Certa (PNAIC) no Brasil. Ressalta-se uma antiga e permanente preocupação quando se trata da relação literatura e educação no que diz respeito a como tem sido trabalhada a literatura produzida para as crianças. Dessa forma, que implicações têm a literatura inserida nos programas de formação de professor? Finaliza-se o texto dando destaque para os programas de incentivo à leitura como uma contribuição significativa para a formação da criança leitora.
Dewey, Hegel, and Causation
Authors: Good Jim , Garrison Jim 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
[Cause and effect], if they are distinct, are also identical. Even in ordinary consciousness that identity may be found. We say that a cause is a cause, only when it has an effect, and vice versa. Both cause and effect are thus one and the same content: and the distinction between them is primarily only that the one lays down, and the other is laid down.The Logic of Hegel, Translated from ““The Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences,”” 3rd ed., trans. William Wallace (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975), §153; hereafter cited as ““Lesser Logic”” parenthetically in the text by section number. Similarly, in the Science of Logic Hegel writes: ““Cause is cause only in so far as it produces an effect, and cause is nothing but this determination, to have an effect, and effect is nothing but this, to have a cause. Cause as such implies its effect, and effect implies cause; in so far as cause has not yet acted, or if it has ceased to act, then it is not cause, and effect in so far as its cause has vanished, is no longer effect but in indifferent actuality”” (Hegel’s Science of Logic, trans. A. V. Miller [Atlantic Heights, N.J.: Humanities Press, 1989], 559). See also Hegel’s discussion of rain and wetness, color and pigment, and act and motion in ibid., 560–61.
AN INDISSOLUBLE UNION:
Authors: Finger Simon 
Published: February 2016

abstract
There is an indissoluble union between moral, political, and physical happiness; and if it be true, that elective and representative governments are most favourable to individual, as well as national prosperity, it follows of course, that they are the most favourable to animal life.
—Benjamin Rush, “An Inquiry into the Cause of Animal Life”
“Cinematic” Music: Analogies, Fallacies, and the Case of Debussy
Authors: Paulin Scott D. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
As one among many analogies commonly used to describe music as “ cinematic,” a supposed affinity is often identified between musical discontinuity and film-editing or montage techniques. The modernist assumptions behind these claims (abetted by translation errors) have led to distorted interpretations of Claude Debussy and his music vis-à-vis cinema.
The movies have learned a great deal from music, and now music can learn a few things from the movies.
—Charlie Chaplin
Plundering Cultural Archives and Transcending Diegetics: Mahler’s Music as “Overscore”
Authors: Barham Jeremy 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The structural, aesthetic, historical, and cultural implications of the use of Gustav Mahler‘s music in scoring the moving image are examined. Recurrent topics of death, homosexuality, and war, as well as challenges to rigid diegetic distinctions are identified against the backcloth of a comprehensive survey of the screen appropriation of Mahler‘s music.
Music, the Musical, and Postmodernism in Baz Luhrmann’s Moulin Rouge
Authors: van der Merwe Ann 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
This essay examines Baz Luhrmann’s approach to preexisting music in Moulin Rouge within the broader contexts of the Hollywood musical and postmodernism. Six musical quotations are analyzed in detail, demonstrating specific techniques Luhrmann uses and how they contribute to the work as a whole.
Brother Against Brother: Conflict in the Polish National Alliance, 1900-1940
Authors: Pienkos Donald E. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The pre-World War II political conflicts that characterized the life of the Polish National Alliance (PNA) fraternal society, the largest organization in the Polish immigrant and ethnic community in the United States, are largely forgotten today. But this prolonged and ideologically charged fight between two nearly evenly matched factions within the Alliance not only involved a battle for the soul of the PNA. To a large degree it affected the entire Polish ethnic community in America. A key issue was the proper relationship between the emigration and the newly independent Poland, a state whose rebirth in 1918 had for decades been a high priority in Polonia. The story of this conflict is instructive in at least two ways. First, it shows the continuing power of ethnic feeling within the Polish American community during the entire period, particularly in the interwar period, something that continued during World War II and for decades after. Second, it offers a cautionary lesson about the adverse consequences that a too intense relationship between an ethnic diaspora and its members’ ancestral homeland can have in directing the community’s focus away from its other concerns.
The Effectiveness of Using Linguistic Classroom Activities in Teaching English Language in Developing the Skills of Oral Linguistic Performance and Decision Making Skill among Third Grade Intermediate Students in Makah
Authors: Alshareef Fahd Majed 
Published: February 2016

<p>The study aimed to reveal the effectiveness of the use of certain classroom language activities in teaching English language in the development of oral linguistic performance and decision-making among intermediate third-grade students in Makah, and it revealed a statistically significant correlation relationship between the averages of the study sample scores, in the post application for linguistic performance test, and measure of decision-making; and to achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher used two methods: descriptive approach and quasi-experimental design, per experimental group.</p><p>Ibn al-Qayam intermediate school was chosen randomly, and then the intermediate third grade was chosen deliberately, in the three grades altogether there were 90 students, in each class 30 students; and 3/3 experimental groups, of 30 students each were drawn, and represented the study material in linguistic classroom activities in the English language. Two tools were used: oral linguistic performance test in the English language, and the measure of decision-making; where they were applied on the study sample; after checking their validity and reliability, in the second semester in 2013, and after the end of the training period on linguistic classroom activities in English language classes, they were re-applied to determine the level of the students in each of: oral linguistic performance and the skill of decision-making.</p><p>The study yielded many results of which the most important were: the presence of statistically significant differences between the average score of the sample study in the two applications, pre and post for linguistic performance estimate card and the measure of decision-making; in each axis separately, and in the linguistic performance overall in the English language; and the skill of decision making; in favor of the post application, and the presence of statistically significant correlation relationship between the average scores of the sample study in the post-application linguistic performance estimate card; and the measure of decision-making. Based on the findings of the study results, there are a number of recommendations including: the need to give linguistic classroom activity programs their educational value and status in teaching English in general education, hold regular sessions for teachers and supervisors; to train them to employ linguistic classroom activities to learn English, and the integration of thinking in teaching English language; in order to provide them with modern educational trends in the field of active learning and development of thinking skills.</p>
ANÁLISE DOS DELITOS CONTRA A SAÚDE PÚBLICA NO CONTEXTO DA LEGISLAÇÃO E JURISPRUDÊNCIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Soares Jardel De Freitas 
Published: February 2016

<p>O trabalho acadêmico proposto possui como objetivo principal discorrer criticamente sobre a aplicabilidade jurisdicional dos crimes contra a saúde pública no contexto jurídico brasileiro. A justificativa do estudo dos delitos danosos à saúde coletiva advém da necessidade urgente de uma revisão em sua sistemática criminológica, pois além da ausência de um estudo prévio interdisciplinar na feitura das normas penais que tratam do tema, tem-se ainda ampliado as hipóteses de incriminação e a severidade das penas de forma extremamente desproporcional, e consequentemente, os Tribunais passaram divergir entre si sobre os vários elementos e circunstâncias que compõem as figuras típicas delitivas. A metodologia utilizada consiste no método investigativo e descritivo, no qual se utiliza de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e principalmente das jurisprudências dos Tribunais Superiores pátrios. Assim, constata-se que apesar da temática possuir pouca atenção da doutrina nacional vem ao longo dos anos sendo bastante abordado pelo Poder Judiciário, contudo, com um caráter extremamente polêmico.</p><p> </p>
Influence of Children's Foot Type on Their Physical Motor Performance
Authors: Arévalo-Mora Juan Francisco , Reina-Bueno Maria , Munuera Pedro V 
Published: February 2016

Background: This cross-sectional study aimed to determine whether normal, flat, or high-arched feet corresponded to better performance of certain motor tests in children.
Methods: One hundred eighty-seven children (mean ± SD age, 11.15 ± 1.24 years) were recruited and divided into three groups: 96 with normal feet, 54 with high-arched feet, and 37 with low-arched feet. Nine motor trials were selected to assess motor performance: standing long jump, standing triple jump from each foot, standing vertical jump, shuttle run 10 × 5 m, standing-start 20-m sprint, static balance, dynamic balance on a beam of an inverted gym bench, and agility circuit.
Results: There were no significant differences in the trial results between groups, although in eight of the nine trials participants in the high-arched group tended to perform better. Boys performed better than girls in all of the trials except those of balance.
Conclusions: These results suggest that children with a certain foot type did not achieve better motor performance in the nine trials tested.
Cheilectomy as a First-Line Surgical Treatment Option Yields Good Functional Results in Grade III Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Cetinkaya Engin , Yalcinkaya Merter , Sokucu Sami , Polat Abdulkadir , Ozkaya Ufuk , Parmaksizoglu Atilla Sancar 
Published: February 2016

Background: This study aimed to analyze the functional results of cheilectomy in the surgical treatment of grade III hallux rigidus and to evaluate whether cheilectomy is a preferable first-line treatment over other surgical methods.
Methods: Of 29 patients with moderate daily physical activity who underwent cheilectomy between 2009 and 2012 on being diagnosed as having grade III hallux rigidus according to the Coughlin-Shurnas grading system, 21 patients (14 women and 7 men; mean age, 59.2 years; age range, 52–67 years) (22 feet) with regular follow-up and complete medical records were included in the study. The patients were evaluated in the preoperative and postoperative periods using a visual analog scale for pain and the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society metatarsophalangeal assessment forms.
Results: The preoperative mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score of 53 (range, 29–67) improved to 78 (range, 57–92) postoperatively (Wilcoxon test P = .001). The preoperative mean visual analog scale score of 89 (range, 60–100) improved to 29 (range, 0–70) in the postoperative period (Wilcoxon test P = .001).
Conclusions: As a simple and repeatable procedure that allows for further joint-sacrificing surgical procedures when required, cheilectomy is a preferable method to be applied as a first-line option for the surgical treatment of grade III hallux rigidus.
Dynamic Flexion Stiffness of Foot Joints During Walking
Authors: Sanchis-Sales Enrique , Sancho-Bru Joaquin L. , Roda-Sales Alba , Pascual-Huerta Javier 
Published: February 2016

Background: Dynamic stiffness can be used for studying foot pathologic abnormalities and for developing prostheses and orthoses. Although previous works have studied the role of ankle joint stiffness during gait, other foot joints have not yet been analyzed. We sought to characterize the dynamic stiffness of the ankle, midtarsal, and metatarsophalangeal joints during normal walking.Methods: Kinematics and contact data from four healthy individuals during walking were registered with a three-dimensional motion analysis system and a pressure platform. Stance phases with flexion moment-angle linear relationships were identified, and dynamic stiffnesses were calculated from the slope of their linear regressions. Intraparticipant repeatability was analyzed using analyses of variance, and interparticipant variability was checked through the SD of averaged participant stiffnesses.Results: Flexion moment-angle linear relationships were identified (R2 &gt; 0.98) during the early and late midstance phases and the propulsion phase at the ankle (2.76, 5.23, and 3.42 N·m/kg/rad, respectively) and midtarsal (15.88, 3.90, and 4.64 N·m/kg/rad, respectively) joints. At the metatarsophalangeal joint, a linear relationship (R2 &gt; 0.96) occurred only during the propulsion phase (0.11 N·m/kg/rad). High dynamic stiffness variability was observed during the late and early midstance phases at the ankle and midtarsal joints, respectively.Conclusions: These results may serve as a basis for future studies aimed at investigating the role of dynamic stiffness identified herein in different foot disorders. The importance of properly controlling the samples in such studies is highlighted. Study of the dynamic stiffnesses identified might be used in the design of prostheses, orthoses, and other assistive devices.
Disruptions in precipitation cycles: Attribution to anthropogenic forcing
Authors: Tapiador Francisco J. , Behrangi Ali , Haddad Ziad S. , Katsanos Dimitris , de Castro Manuel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDisruptions of the spatiotemporal distribution of surface precipitation that are induced by global warming may affect Earth's climate more significantly than changes in the total precipitation amount. Identifying such disruptions at global scales is not straightforward, as it requires disentangling a weak signal from comprehensive, gapless data in a 5‐D configuration space whose dimensions are latitude, longitude, time, power, and period. Drawing on reliable, state‐of‐the‐art climate model simulations from the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) experiments and using well‐tested analytical methods, clear changes in the global precipitation cycles have been found for the simulated period 1862–2003. It has also been found that the disruptions may be attributable to anthropogenic forcing. The disruptions are relevant enough to envision significant changes in precipitation timing if human greenhouse gas emissions continue to accumulate in the future. It is noteworthy that the effects of anthropogenic forcings have been found not predominantly in the intra‐annual cycles, i.e., in the short‐term weather patterns that would be indicative of local effects, but rather in the interannual planetary long‐term variability of the atmosphere. This suggests a global, distributed effect of the anthropogenic forcings on precipitation, which in turn is indicative of changes in the precipitation patterns linked with changes in the thermodynamics of the precipitation microphysics and to a lesser extent with the dynamical aspects of the precipitation processes.
Regional atmospheric circulation over Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum and its links to precipitation
Authors: Ludwig Patrick , Schaffernicht Erik J. , Shao Yaping , Pinto Joaquim G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) exhibits different large‐scale atmospheric conditions compared to present‐day climate due to altered boundary conditions. The regional atmospheric circulation and associated precipitation patterns over Europe are characterized for the first time with a weather typing approach (circulation weather types, CWT) for LGM paleoclimate simulations. The CWT approach is applied to four representative regions across Europe. While the CWTs over Western Europe are prevailing westerly for both present‐day and LGM conditions, considerable differences are identified elsewhere: Southern Europe experienced more frequent westerly and cyclonic CWTs under LGM conditions, while Central and Eastern Europe was predominantly affected by southerly and easterly flow patterns. Under LGM conditions, rainfall is enhanced over Western Europe but is reduced over most of Central and Eastern Europe. These differences are explained by changing CWT frequencies and evaporation patterns over the North Atlantic Ocean. The regional differences of the CWTs and precipitation patterns are linked to the North Atlantic storm track, which was stronger over Europe in all considered models during the LGM, explaining the overall increase of the cyclonic CWT. Enhanced evaporation over the North Atlantic leads to higher moisture availability over the ocean. Despite the overall cooling during the LGM, this explains the enhanced precipitation over southwestern Europe, particularly Iberia. This study links large‐scale atmospheric dynamics to the regional circulation and associated precipitation patterns and provides an improved regional assessment of the European climate under LGM conditions.
A Poly(cobaloxime)/Carbon Nanotube Electrode: Freestanding Buckypaper with Polymer‐Enhanced H2‐Evolution Performance
Authors: Reuillard Bertrand , Warnan Julien , Leung Jane J. , Wakerley David W. , Reisner Erwin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA freestanding H2‐evolution electrode consisting of a copolymer‐embedded cobaloxime integrated into a multiwall carbon nanotube matrix by π–π interactions is reported. This electrode is straightforward to assemble and displays high activity towards hydrogen evolution in near‐neutral pH solution under inert and aerobic conditions, with a cobalt‐based turnover number (TONCo) of up to 420. An analogous electrode with a monomeric cobaloxime showed less activity with a TONCo of only 80. These results suggest that, in addition to the high surface area of the porous network of the buckypaper, the polymeric scaffold provides a stabilizing environment to the catalyst, leading to further enhancement in catalytic performance. We have therefore established that the use of a multifunctional copolymeric architecture is a viable strategy to enhance the performance of molecular electrocatalysts.
LiAlH4‐Induced Selective Ring Rearrangement of 2‐(2‐Cyanoethyl)aziridines toward 2‐(Aminomethyl)pyrrolidines and 3‐Aminopiperidines as Eligible Heterocyclic Building Blocks
Authors: Dolfen Jeroen , Vervisch Karel , De Kimpe Norbert , D'hooghe Matthias 
Published: February 2016

Abstract2‐(2‐Cyanoethyl)aziridines and 2‐aryl‐3‐(2‐cyanoethyl)aziridines were deployed as substrates for an In(OTf)3‐mediated regio‐ and stereoselective ring rearrangement upon treatment with LiAlH4, affording a variety of novel 2‐(aminomethyl)pyrrolidines and 3‐aminopiperidines, respectively. Further synthetic elaboration of the obtained 3‐aminopiperidines resulted in the formation of a peculiar and unexplored conformationally constrained imidazolidinone and diketopiperazine scaffold.
Reproductive cycles and reproductive strategies among populations of the Rose‐bellied Lizard Sceloporus variabilis (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) from central Mexico
Authors: Cruz‐Elizalde Raciel , Ramírez‐Bautista Aurelio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSpecies with wide distribution, generally show variations in life history characteristics, which can be attributed to environmental causes. In this study, we analyzed the reproductive cycle and reproductive characteristics from three populations (Atlapexco, San Pablo Tetlapayac, and Santa Catarina) of the lizard Sceloporus variabilis from central Mexico. The specific goal of this study was to evaluate life history characteristics such as reproductive period extent, SVL (snout‐vent length) at sexual maturity, clutch size, egg mass and volume, and RCM (relative clutch mass). The San Pablo Tetlapayac population showed a larger clutch size, RCM, egg mass, and a smaller SVL, body mass and reproductive period (January‐September), as well as egg volume than the Atlapexco and Santa Catarina populations. Reproductive cycle and reproductive characteristics were more similar between the Atlapexco and Santa Catarina populations. Differences found in the population of San Pablo Tetlapayac with respect to the Atlapexco and Santa Catarina populations could be attributed to environmental variations where lizard populations occur. Differences in the reproductive period and reproductive characteristics in each population could be the result of both historical (phylogenetic; e.g., reproductive mode) and nonhistorical (environmental; e.g., temperature, food availability) causes. This study showed that populations of the same species are under different selection pressures, and these affect the reproductive characteristics of populations. Our results also indicate that long‐term and targeted studies on predation, use and selection of food, are needed to determine the causes of these variations in populations of S. variabilis.