bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Furfural production from xylan using a Pueraria Residues carbon‐based solid‐acid catalyst
Authors: Gai Xiangtong , Ding Wei , He Jian , Guo Jie , Song Ke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe conversion of biomass into high value‐added platform compounds is an important method of biomass utilization. The conversion of hemicellulose represented by xylan into furfural can not only reduce the consumption of fossil fuels, but also promotes the development and utilization of non‐edible biomass resources. In this study, a bifunctional solid‐acid catalyst prepared from agricultural and forestry waste Pueraria (P. eduli) Residues was used to convert xylan into furfural in a biphasic system.RESULTSIn this study, P. eduli Residues was used as raw material to prepare a P. eduli Residues‐based carbon solid‐acid catalyst (PR/C‐SO3H‐Fe) by one‐step sulfonation carbonization and impregnation. The catalyst catalyzes the conversion of xylan to furfural in a biphasic system (2‐methyltetrahydrofuran/water). The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ammonia temperature‐programmed desorption. Subsequently, the experimental conditions were studied and optimized, such as metal species, iron ion concentration, reaction time and temperature, volume ratio of organic phase to water phase and ratio of substrate to catalyst. The results showed that under conditions of 160 °C, 50 mg catalyst, 100 mg xylan and 7 mL reaction solvent, the yield of furfural could reach 78.94% after 3 h of reaction.CONCLUSIONThis study provides an effective research method for the conversion of xylan into furfural, and provides a reference for the catalytic conversion and utilization of hemicellulose in agricultural and forestry biomass. It also provides a feasible method for the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Predicting Subsurface Drainage Requirement for Different Soil Desalinization Goals in Coastal Reclamation Areas
Authors: Chen Yawen , Jia Zhonghua , Wu Yuxuan , Sha Ziqi , Luo Wan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBuilding subsurface drainage systems for more efficient salt leaching with the natural rainfall or artificial irrigation is a widely accepted practice for saline soils reclamation, but the high initial cost of the system construction often limits its adoption, and the uncertainty in drainage intensity requirement to meet desired desalinization goals for field crop production challenges the system design. In this paper, we proposed a soil desalinization model based on the field hydrology model‐DRAINMOD, predicted number of years required to lower soil salinity to a threshold level under different subsurface drainage conditions, and estimated the net return from different subsurface drainage system layout based on a case study in a coastal reclamation area in eastern China. The results showed that, DRAINMOD accurately predicted water table fluctuations in artificially drained fields: the root mean square error to standard deviation ratio (RSR) was 0.4 and 0.54, and the Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) was 0.84 and 0.68, respectively, during the model calibration and validation periods. The DRAINMOD based soil desalinization model predicted a negative relationship between subsurface drainage intensity and the soil desalinization period, that is, improving drainage condition shortened the time requirement for soil desalinization. For the study area, the model's predictions showed that installing subsurface drainage at 20 m spacing and 1.2 m deep lowered soil salinity to the slightly saline level in less than 7 years under the rainfall leaching only, and such system layout produced the maximum economic return based on the local agricultural practice. The results indicate that, early investment in adequate subsurface drainage systems is beneficial for field crop production in the salt impacted farmland areas. Findings from this research may provide technical references for saline soil reclamation or land improvement in both rain fed and irrigated agricultural areas.
Surgical resection and overall survival in cT4b sinonasal non‐squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Patel Aman M. , Haleem Afash , Revercomb Lucy , Brant Jason A. , Kohanski Michael A. , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Douglas Jennifer E. , Carey Ryan M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveSurgical resection is associated with higher overall survival (OS) than definitive radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in cT4b sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Our study investigates the survival benefit of surgical resection in cT4b sinonasal non‐SCC.MethodsThe 2004 to 2019 National Cancer Database was queried for patients with cT4b sinonasal non‐SCC undergoing definitive treatment with (1) surgical resection + additional therapy (RT, chemotherapy, or both), (2) RT alone, or (3) CRT. Surgical resection + additional therapy and definitive RT/CRT were compared with Kaplan–Meier and multivariable Cox regression models.ResultsOf 629 patients satisfying inclusion criteria, 513 (81.6%) underwent surgical resection + additional therapy and 116 (18.4%) underwent definitive RT/CRT. The most frequent histologic types were undifferentiated carcinoma (23.7%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (22.6%), and adenocarcinoma (20.7%). Few patients presented with clinical nodal metastasis (15.7%). There were 4 (0.8%) mortalities within 90 days of surgical resection. Patients undergoing surgical resection with positive surgical margins had higher 5‐year OS than those undergoing definitive RT/CRT (56.3% vs. 39.4%, p = .039) and similar 5‐year OS as those with negative margins (56.3% vs. 63.9%, p = .059). Patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy had similar 5‐year OS as those undergoing definitive RT/CRT (60.9% vs. 39.5%, p = .053). Age at diagnosis, tumor diameter, and surgical resection + additional therapy (aHR 0.64, 95% CI 0.45–0.91) were associated with OS (p < .05).ConclusionSurgical resection + additional therapy was associated with higher OS than definitive RT/CRT in cT4b sinonasal non‐SCC. Surgical resection may benefit select patient with cT4b sinonasal non‐SCC.Level of Evidence4.
High Luminescence Saturation Y3Al5O12: Ce3+‐Diamond Composite Color Converter for High‐Brightness Laser‐Driven White Lighting
Authors: Yu Zikang , Li Jiayu , Zhao Jiuzhou , Zhang Hongjin , Mou Yun , Dai Jiangnan , Chen Mingxiang , Peng Yang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPhosphor‐converted laser lighting confronts enormous challenges in the development of color converters with high luminescence saturation owing to the thermal issues from laser irradiation and phosphor conversion. Herein, a high luminescence saturation Y3Al5O12: Ce3+‐diamond (YAG‐diamond) composite color converter by introducing diamond particles in phosphor‐in‐glass film (PiGF) coated on transparent sapphire substrate is proposed for high‐brightness laser‐driven white lighting. By optimizing the diamond content to 6 wt.%, the YAG‐diamond converter shows a thermal conductivity (TC) of 14.7 W·m−1·K−1 and displays higher luminescence intensity at 175 °C (1.15 times that at 25 °C). Under laser excitation, the YAG‐diamond converter achieves a luminous flux (LF) of 1990 lm at the laser power density (LPD) saturation threshold (ST) of 24.82 W·mm−2, which is far better than the PiGF@sapphire converter with a LF of 1364 lm@17.64 W·mm−2. The laser‐driven converter yields stable white laser light with a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 5714 K and a chromaticity coordinate of (0.3278, 0.3372) at the ST of 24.82 W·mm−2. Furthermore, the working temperature of the converter is decreased by 59 °C (26.6%) under LPD of 10.89 W·mm−2. These results indicate that the proposed YAG‐diamond composite converter displays excellent opto‐thermal performances, which may be a promising luminescence material in high‐brightness white laser lighting.
VA's EHR transition and health professions trainee programs: Findings and impacts of a multistakeholder learning community
Authors: Brunner Julian , Ahlness Ellen A. , Anderson Ekaterina , Molloy‐Paolillo Brianne K. , Braga Alexandre , Cutrona Sarah L. , Helfrich Christian D. , Levy Deborah , Matteau Erin , Walton Edward , Sayre George , Rinne Seppo T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is undergoing an unprecedented electronic health record (EHR) transition, switching from its homegrown EHR to a commercial system. The transition affects nearly every clinical employee but is particularly disruptive to health professions trainees (HPTs)—an often‐overlooked population in EHR transitions. To better understand and address trainee challenges with the EHR transition, we formed a multistakeholder learning community. In this study, we describe the findings of this learning community and the practices and policies developed in response.MethodsIn the qualitative study designed and executed by our learning community, we conducted 51 interviews with HPTs, program leaders, and preceptors before and multiple times after an EHR transition site's go‐live (February 16, 2022 to April 7, 2023). We merged interview transcripts with 125 survey free‐text responses from a survey conducted with preceptors 2 months post‐go‐live and conducted thematic analysis to identify key themes. To complement qualitative findings, we also include a quantitative survey finding, and, where applicable, we note policy and practice responses spurred by our learning community.ResultsInterviews yielded six key themes: (1) High satisfaction with HPT programs, despite negative impacts of the EHR transition; (2) early delays, then substantial improvements, in HPTs' EHR access; (3) persistent challenges with HPTs' EHR training and support, mitigated by local and national efforts; (4) the challenge of learning to use a rapidly evolving EHR during clinical training; (5) reduced visit volume as a continuing barrier to education; and (6) an impression that HPTs' relative lack of exposure to the prior EHR facilitated their proficiency with the new EHR.ConclusionsFindings highlighted challenges for HPT programs related to the EHR transition, which spurred important changes including the creation of a national VA council to represent the needs of HPTs in the EHR transition, and improvements to HPTs' EHR training and access.
Withania coagulans root powder effect on growth, hematology, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant status, serum immune response, and tolerance against Aeromonas hydrophila in Common Carp
Authors: Afzal Wajeeha , Naz Saira , Ujan Javed Ahmed , Rind Khalid Hussain , Habib Syed Sikandar , Ullah Mujeeb , Zahid Muhammad , Attaullah Sobia , Mohany Mohamed , Nazir Shahid 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
The use of plant-derived products in aquaculture has garnered considerable attention due to their potential benefits. This study investigated the impact of supplementing Withania coagulans root powder (WCRP) in the diet of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio on various parameters, including growth performance, digestive enzymes, hematology, antioxidant activity, and immunological aspects.

Methods
Common Carp (mean weight ± standard deviation = 11.69 ± 0.48 g) were divided into four groups in triplicate, receiving different WCRP concentrations (0.0, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%; labeled as WCRP0, WCRP1.0, WCRP1.5, and WCRP2.0, respectively) over a 60-day period, followed by an experimental challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila to assess the relative percentage survival (RPS) over 14 days.

Result
Results showed that Common Carp receiving WCRP1.5 and WCRP2.0 demonstrated significantly improved growth performance, with reduced feed conversion ratios (FCRs) being particularly evident in WCRP1.5. Polynomial contrasts indicated significant linear and quadratic effects on weight gain and FCR. Additionally, WCRP1.5 and WCRP2.0 supplementation led to significantly higher activity of digestive enzymes (lipase and protease). Hematological parameters, including white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, were significantly elevated in fish that were fed WCRP1.5 and WCRP2.0 compared to the control group. Moreover, serum parameters, such as total protein, albumin, globulin, lysozyme, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and total immunoglobulins, were significantly enhanced in WCRP1.5- and WCRP2.0-treated fish. Notably, the WCRP1.5 group showed the lowest serum cortisol levels. The RPS was highest in WCRP1.5 (73.77%), followed by WCRP2.0 (70.43%), compared to the other groups.

Conclusion
In conclusion, supplementation with WCRP1.5 and WCRP2.0 effectively improved both growth and health parameters in Common Carp.
Transitioning to oral feeding: A retrospective cohort study of a family‐centered, hunger‐based tube weaning program
Authors: Stokes Rochelle H. , Willms Anna L. , Cowie Heather K. , Browes Alison , Karamali Soleina , Avinashi Vishal , Zwicker Jill G. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the effectiveness of a novel, hunger‐based outpatient tube weaning program for children with feeding‐tube dependency.MethodsThis interdisciplinary program induced hunger via rapid reduction in tube‐fed calories, followed by 2 weeks of daily outpatient mealtime support and regular follow‐up. Forty‐one children (6.9 months to 12.8 years) participated in this retrospective cohort study.ResultsBefore the program, children received a median of 90.0% (interquartile range [IQR]: 75.0%–100%) of caloric intake via tube feeds. At the end of the 2‐week program, children received 16.0% (IQR: 0.0%–30.0%) of caloric intake via tube feeds, which further reduced to 1.5% (IQR: 0.0%–33.0%) at 6‐months, and 0.0% (IQR: 0.0%–35.0%) at 1‐year follow‐up. The percentage of participants who ate >30 different foods increased from 4.9% at baseline to 81.5% at 1‐year follow‐up. The baseline median weight z score of −1.24 (IQR: −1.69 to −0.69) decreased to −1.81 (IQR: −2.77 to −1.02) at 1‐year follow‐up. A linear mixed‐effects model demonstrated that weight z score was significantly higher at baseline and 2‐weeks compared to the 1‐year follow‐up (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively), but was not significantly different between 6 months and 1 year (P = 0.44). Age was not associated with percentage of caloric intake via tube feeds or number of foods eaten.ConclusionChildren who participated in the hunger‐based tube‐weaning program had increased and more varied oral intake 1 year following the intervention. The median weight z score decreased over the year after intervention but did not significantly decrease between 6 and 12 months after the program.
Lightweight Flow‐Based Policy Enforcement for SDN‐Based Multi‐Domain Communication
Authors: Sabur Abdulhakim 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAlthough software‐defined networking (SDN) is commonly employed for intra‐domain communication, inter‐domain communication still heavily relies on conventional routing methods, specifically BGP‐based routers. The BGP router plays a crucial role in managing control and data planes, but this traditional approach hinders the exploitation of SDN advantages. Previous studies demonstrated the use of BGP for inter‐domain and end‐to‐end communication. This paper advocates for the adoption of a fully SDN‐based data plane packet switching strategy through the introduction of LPEES, a lightweight policy framework tailored for SDN‐based inter‐domain communication. LPEES strategically confines BGP's functionality to the control plane, preserving SDN benefits. Evaluation results confirm the effectiveness of LPEES compared to the BGP routing approach, as measured by throughput and various network quality of service (QoS) metrics. Additionally, LPEES streamlines inter‐domain communication by utilizing a trust‐based routing policy approach that can establish trust between communicating domains. The presented solution's main advantage is that it loosens the burden on the administrator by requiring less human interference to check the inter‐domain communication security and privacy. Our evaluations show LPEES outperform the BGP‐based in terms of throughput as LPEES achieves a 27 Gbps versus 22 Gbps in the traditional approach. Based on our experiments, LPEES also enhances the communication delay by an average of 17% compared to the traditional BGP‐based approach.
An Improved Two‐Step Method for Inverse Eigenvalue Problems
Authors: Yang Xinge , Shen Weiping , Guo Rui , Lou Enping 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, we investigate the numerical solutions of the inverse eigenvalue problem (IEP). Motivated by the techniques of Aishima in 2018, we propose here an improved two‐step method for the IEP. Compared with other existing methods, the proposed method has higher convergence order and/or requires less operations. Under the assumption that the relative generalized Jacobian matrices at a solution are nonsingular, the proposed method is proved to be convergent with cubic root‐convergence rate. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the improved method.
Topological transport of a classical droplet in a lattice of time
Authors: Simula Tapio , Kjærgaard Niels , Pfau Tilman 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThouless charge pumps are quantum mechanical devices whose operation relies on topology. They provide the means for transporting quantum matter in space lattices with a single quantum precision. Contrasting space crystals that spontaneously break a continuous spatial translation symmetry and form crystals in space, time crystals have emerged as novel states of matter that organise into time lattices and spontaneously break a discrete time translation symmetry. The utility of Thouless pumps that enable topologically protected quantised transport of electrons and neutral atoms in spatial superlattices leads to the question if corresponding devices exist for time crystals. Here we show that topological pumps can be realised for time solids by transporting droplets of a liquid forward and backward in time lattices and we measure the topological index that characterises such pumping processes. By exploiting a synthetic time dimension, classical time crystals can circumvent the quantum tunnelling that underpins Thouless charge pumps. Our results establish topological pumping through time instead of space and pave the way for applications of time crystals.Key Points
Periodically driven fluid droplets can be made to bounce persistently in a gravitational field and may undergo spontaneous time translation symmetry breaking forming classical time crystals.
These classical time crystals can be pumped from one time site to another, and this pumping process is characterised by a topological index.
Our observations establish a classical temporal counterpart to Thouless pumping of quantum particles in space lattices.
Preference Signals and Interview Invitations: Insight Into Recent Updates to the Oto‐HNS Residency Application Process
Authors: Duggal Radhika , Osborne Kyra , Kominsky Alan , Tierney William S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveWhile students in the 2023 Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (Oto‐HNS) residency match were allowed 7 preference signals, this number increased to 25 for the 2024 match with the goal of reducing the overall application volume. We sought to understand the impact of this change to application volume and interview patterns.Study DesignCross‐sectional survey.SettingProgram directors of US Oto‐HNS residency programs were invited to participate in an anonymous, electronic survey.MethodsAn anonymous REDCap questionnaire was sent via email to all current Oto‐HNS program directors in January 2024. Data were analyzed using R Version 4.3.1.ResultsForty‐four program directors completed the survey. While programs received a median [interquartile range] of 400 [363, 445] applications last year, this year they reported receiving 295 [233, 339] applications of which a median of 110 applicants (40%) signaled the program. While the median percent of applicants who were interviewed by a program was 16%, the percent of interviews among applicants who had signaled the program was 37%. Of all interviews, nearly all (median 100% [91, 100]) were of applicants who had signaled the program. Finally, 40 (91%) of program directors reported that signaling played an important role in deciding to interview a candidate.ConclusionPreference signals play an important role in a residency program's decision to interview a candidate. Our findings suggest that the implementation of preference signals successfully decreased the average number of applications received by each program and that medical students applying to more programs than available signals may experience diminishing returns.
Systematic Review of the Profunda Artery Perforator Free Flap for Head and Neck Reconstruction
Authors: Wilson Renita , Cave Taylor , Entezami Payam , Ware Erin , Chang Brent A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe profunda artery perforator (PAP) flap has gained popularity in head and neck reconstruction with a favorable donor site providing a relatively hidden scar and the ability to harvest a large amount of pliable tissue with consistent vascular anatomy. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this PAP flap in head and neck reconstruction.Data SourcesPUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar (January 1948‐February 2022).Review MethodsA systematic review of the English language literature was conducted for studies with at least 3 patients 18 years or older undergoing head and neck reconstruction utilizing the PAP. Study quality and risk of bias were evaluated using the MINORS scoring system. Main analysis endpoints were flap failure rate, donor site morbidity, and complication rate.ResultsNine articles and 206 total PAP flaps were included. The rate of flap‐related and medical complications was 33%, with only 2 (0.97%) instances of complete flap failure. Other complications included partial flap failure (10, 4.86%) and donor site wound complications (12, 5.83%). A total of 16 flaps (7.77%) required subsequent revision in the operating room. Average MINORS score of the studies suggested a moderate to high risk of bias.ConclusionBased on limited quality evidence, this review suggests that the PAP flap is a safe and feasible tool for head and neck reconstruction, with comparable complication and success rates as other free flaps. Further large‐scale studies are warranted.
Legal Constraints or Aggregate Individual Characteristics? Examining Factors of State R&D Intensity and Spending in the United States
Authors: Kim Koomin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study empirically examines the impacts of legal constraints and aggregate individual characteristics on the funding and expenditure related to states' research and development (R&D). A system generalized method of moments (GMM) analysis is performed over a 20‐year period (2000–2019). The budgetary institutions, including rainy‐day funds, TELs, and debt limitations, significantly affect states' overall innovative capacity and R&D spending. They can hinder improvements in states' innovative capacity and R&D expenditure. On the other hand, states can circumvent these institutions and increase their R&D intensity and spending. States' development and human capacity foster their innovative capacity and R&D spending. Catholic work ethic is also crucial for enhancing state governments' innovative capacity and R&D expenditure. Legislative term limits reduce states' R&D intensity and expenditure. Meanwhile, economic downturns may motivate additional spending on R&D activities to promote states' innovative capacity and R&D spending. Fiscal burdens can prevent states from investing in R&D.