bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving Social Responsibility in RMG Industries Through a New Governance Approach in Laws
Authors: Rahim Mia Mahmudur 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDeveloping countries need to reform legislation to ensure the global supply firms in ready-made garment (RMG) industry is adequately addressing obligations of social responsibility. Literature typically focuses on strategies for raising responsible standards in global buying firms within the RMG industry, but fails to focus on implementing strategies for suppliers in developing countries. This article addresses this gap by specifically focusing on the RMG industry in Bangladesh, the home of the third largest RMG supplier in the world. It concentrates on analysing how and to what extent the law can assist in developing social responsibility performance of the RMG manufacturing firms in developing countries. It ultimately concludes that a new governance approach in laws can effectively increase the social responsibility practice standards of an industry where global buying firms are profit-driven and governmental agencies are either inadequate or corrupt.
Acupuncture in Premenopausal Women With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Prospective Cohort Pilot Study
Authors: Oakley Susan H. , Walther-Liu J. , Crisp C.C. , Pauls R.N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionFemale sexual dysfunction affects up to 43% of women in the United States and hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is the most common type; however, we lack treatment options showing improvement for this condition.AimsTo investigate whether acupuncture therapy could improve HSDD.MethodsPremenopausal women with a primary diagnosis of HSDD were included in a single-arm prospective pilot study that was approved by the institutional review board. After providing informed consent, subjects completed validated questionnaires. Participants underwent 25-minute twice-weekly acupuncture sessions for 5 weeks with one certified acupuncturist. Questionnaires were completed again 6 weeks after onset of treatment.Main Outcome MeasuresBased on a statistically significant change in the desire domain of the Female Sexual Function Index from 2.0 (at baseline) to 2.4 (after intervention with a specialist) in our population of patients diagnosed with HSDD, a sample of 13 was determined, with 90% power and α 0.05.ResultsFifteen women were enrolled and 13 completed the study. Mean age was 36.9 ± 11.4 years. Most were white (n = 9, 60%), heterosexual (n = 15, 100%), and non-smokers (n = 14, 93%). Most were sexually active more than four times per month (n = 8, 53%) and none had a history of sexual abuse (n = 15, 100%). Participants received a mean acupuncture needle application of 17 ± 2 at each session. Sexual function improved after intervention, particularly desire (2.1 ± 0.6 to 3.3 ± 1.2, P &lt; .0001), arousal (P &lt; .0001), lubrication (P = .03), and orgasm (P = .005).ConclusionIn this cohort of premenopausal women with HSDD, 5 weeks of acupuncture therapy was associated with significant improvements in sexual function, particularly desire. This supports a role for acupuncture as a therapeutic option for women with low desire.
Locke, the Law of Nature, and Polygamy
Authors: SREEDHAR SUSANNE , WALSH JULIE 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT:When Locke mentions polygamy in his writings, he does not condemn the practice and even seems to endorse it under certain conditions. This attitude is out of step with that of many of his contemporaries. Identifying the philosophical reasons that lead Locke to have this attitude about polygamy motivates our project. Because Locke never wrote a treatise on ethics, we look to a number of different texts, but focus onAn Essay Concerning Human UnderstandingandEssays on the Law of Naturein order to outline his basic ethical theory. We argue that this theory, the elements of which include moral mixed modes, the law of nature, and the comparison of these modes with this law, is broad enough to accommodate practices such as polygamy. Our interpretation shows that Locke's line of thought on marriage is strikingly flexible for the seventeenth century and even compared to some public debates on marriage in our time.
The degree profile and weight in Apollonian networks and k-trees
Authors: Zhang Panpan , Mahmoud Hosam 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We investigate the degree profile and total weight in Apollonian networks. We study the distribution of the degrees of vertices as they age in the evolutionary process. Asymptotically, the (suitably-scaled) degree of a node with a fixed label has a Mittag-Leffler-like limit distribution. The degrees of nodes of later ages have different asymptotic distributions, influenced by the time of their appearance. The very late arrivals have a degenerate distribution. The result is obtained via triangular Pólya urns. Also, via the Bagchi–Pal urn, we show that the number of terminal nodes asymptotically follows a Gaussian law. We prove that the total weight of the network asymptotically follows a Gaussian law, obtained via martingale methods. Similar results carry over to the sister structure of the k-trees, with minor modification in the proof methods, done mutatis mutandis.
The speed of a random walk excited by its recent history
Authors: Pinsky Ross G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLetNandMbe positive integers satisfying 1≤M≤N, and let 0<p0<p1< 1. Define a process {Xn}n=0∞on ℤ as follows. At each step, the process jumps either one step to the right or one step to the left, according to the following mechanism. For the firstNsteps, the process behaves like a random walk that jumps to the right with probabilityp0and to the left with probability 1-p0. At subsequent steps the jump mechanism is defined as follows: if at leastMout of theNmost recent jumps were to the right, then the probability of jumping to the right isp1; however, if fewer thanMout of theNmost recent jumps were to the right then the probability of jumping to the right isp0. We calculate the speed of the process. Then we letN→ ∞ andM/N→r∈[0,1], and calculate the limiting speed. More generally, we consider the above questions for a random walk with a finite numberlof threshold levels, (Mi,pi)i=1l, above the pre-threshold levelp0, as well as for one model withl=Nsuch thresholds.
Optimal learning with non-Gaussian rewards
Authors: Ding Zi , Ryzhov Ilya O. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We propose a novel theoretical characterization of the optimal 'Gittins index' policy in multi-armed bandit problems with non-Gaussian, infinitely divisible reward distributions. We first construct a continuous-time, conditional Lévy process which probabilistically interpolates the sequence of discrete-time rewards. When the rewards are Gaussian, this approach enables an easy connection to the convenient time-change properties of a Brownian motion. Although no such device is available in general for the non-Gaussian case, we use optimal stopping theory to characterize the value of the optimal policy as the solution to a free-boundary partial integro-differential equation (PIDE). We provide the free-boundary PIDE in explicit form under the specific settings of exponential and Poisson rewards. We also prove continuity and monotonicity properties of the Gittins index in these two problems, and discuss how the PIDE can be solved numerically to find the optimal index value of a given belief state.
Identification of liverCYP51as a gene responsive to circulating cholesterol in a hamster model
Authors: Huang Haiqiu , Xie Zhuohong , Yokoyama Wallace , Yu Liangli , Wang Thomas T. Y. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHypercholesterolaemia is a risk factor for CVD, which is a leading cause of death in industrialised societies. The biosynthetic pathways for cholesterol metabolism are well understood; however, the regulation of circulating cholesterol by diet is still not fully elucidated. The present study aimed to gain more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between circulating cholesterol levels and molecular effects in target tissues using the hamster model. Male golden Syrian hamsters were fed with chow or diets containing 36 % energy from fat with or without 1 % cholesteyramine (CA) as a modulator of circulating cholesterol levels for 35 d. It was revealed that the expression of lanosterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51) instead of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase mRNA expression was responsive to circulating cholesterol in hamsters fed hypercholesterolaemic diets. The high-fat diet increased circulating cholesterol and down-regulatedCYP51, but not HMG-CoA reductase. The CA diet decreased cholesterol and increasedCYP51expression, but HMG-CoA reductase expression was not affected. The high-fat diet and CA diet altered the expression level of cholesterol, bile acids and lipid metabolism-associated genes (LDL receptor, cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), liver X receptor (LXR) α, and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 5/8 (ABCG5/8)) in the liver, which were significantly correlated with circulating cholesterol levels. Correlation analysis also showed that circulating cholesterol levels were regulated by LXR/retinoid X receptor and PPAR pathways in the liver. Using the hamster model, the present study provided additional molecular insights into the influence of circulating cholesterol on hepatic cholesterol metabolism pathways during hypercholesterolaemia.
Current Uses for Task-Based Language Assessment
Authors: Norris John M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTTask-based language assessment (TBLA) has generated interest since the early 1990s, primarily in conjunction with the ongoing development of task-based language teaching (TBLT) and the pursuit of developing appropriate testing models for this approach to pedagogy (Norris, 2002, 2009). However, tasks also offer considerable advantages for language assessment, beyond their obvious relevance within TBLT classes and programs. In fact, major innovations in the general domain of language assessment over the past two decades have occurred in conjunction with the introduction of tasks into assessment design, largely in response to the need for tests that better represent examinees’ abilities to use the language (Mislevy, Steinberg, & Almond, 2002), but also because tasks offer a meaningful space for language teachers, testers, learners, and others to examine, understand, and improve language learning endeavors (Van Gorp & Deygers, 2013). This article reviews the considerable range of current uses for TBLA, illustrating different types of assessment with concrete examples and highlighting distinct roles for tasks as a basic unit of analysis in test design, interpretation, and intended consequence. Ultimately, it argues that tasks offer a fundamental, though not exclusive, foundation for useful language assessment, and that task-based assessment, though challenging, is probably worth the effort.
Grape-6
Authors: Makino J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe overview the GRAPE-6 project, a follow-up of the teraflops GRAPE-4 project. GRAPE-6 will be completed by 1999-2000 and its planned peak speed is 200 Tflops. Its architecture will be largely similar to that of GRAPE-4, which is a specialized hardware to calculate the gravitational interaction between particles. The improvement of the speed will mainly come from the advance in the silicon semiconductor technology. GRAPE-6 will enable us to directly simulate the evolution of star clusters with up to 1 million stars.
Grape-4: A Teraflops Machine for N-Body Simulations
Authors: Taiji Makoto 
Published: March 2016

Abstract.We have developed a massively parallel special-purpose computer system for N-body simulations, GRAPE-4 (GRAvity-PipE 4). The GRAPE-4 system is designed for high-accuracy simulations of dense stellar systems. The GRAPE-4 calculates gravitational forces, their derivatives in time and potential energies. It has a hardware for prediction of positions and velocities, which is used for the individual timestep scheme. We integrated 1692 chips of 640 megaflops performance to achieve the peak speed of 1.08 teraflops.
Numerical Simulations of Galaxies with the Marseille Grape-3 Systems
Authors: Athanassoula E. , Bosma A. , Lambert J.-C. , Makino J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe briefly describe the performance and accuracy of the Marseille GRAPE-3 systems. We first give the description of the configurations. We then outline the modifications necessary to optimize the tree code for use on a GRAPE system, and discuss performance and accuracy issues. We summarize the results of several science projects executed with our hardware and software.
Diffusion in Stellar Envelopes
Authors: Seaton M.J. 
Published: March 2016

In an attempt to make the present summary comprehensible yet sufficiently concise I will risk some over-simplification: further details are given in Seaton (1997, 1998 — Papers I and II).In a star let Fv dv be the outward flux of radiant and let an atom of element k present an effective area of σv(k) for absorption of radiation. Then the momentum absorbed per atom and per-unit area and unit time is G(k) = (1/c) ∫ Fvσv(k) dv which is just the force acting on the atom. The radiative acceleration is grad(k) = G(k)/M(k) where M(k) is the atom’s mass.
Exploring OH Megamasers
Authors: Baan W.A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe OH megamasers have a distinct parent population of dusty and FIR luminous merger galaxies. Optical, radio and molecular characteristics may be used to further identify the nature of the nuclear activity in the OH megamaser host galaxies. Recent interferometric data on OH megamasers Arp 220 and III Zw35 will be used to discuss the spatial distribution of the OH emission.
Examples of Possible Astronomical Research from the Moon
Authors: Swings Jean-Pierre 
Published: March 2016

As stressed at the second International Lunar Exploration Working Group meeting (Kyoto, October 1996), the Moon, if kept free from pollution, contains a series of remarkable astronomical sites. In particular the following fields of instrumentation and research emerge :(1) very low frequency radio-astronomical arrays to be located on the lunar far side for surveying an entirely new spectrum, albeit at fairly low angular resolution;(2) interferometers in several wavebands to search for extrasolar planets as well as to perform other observations (morphological studies e.g.);(3) transit optical telescopes for the detailed observation of dark matter and other targets;(4) millimeter-wave telescopes for high sensitivity cosmic background mapping;(5) infrared telescopes in permanently cryogenic environment (e.g. the lunar South pole);(6) gravitational wave detectors;(7) cosmic-ray and high energy detectors;
Low Frequency Radio Astronomy from the Moon
Authors: Jones D.L. , Weiler K.W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe radio sky at frequencies of several MHz and below is essentially unexplored with high angular resolution due to refraction and opacity in the Earth’s ionosphere. An interferometer array in space providing arcminute resolution images would allow a wide range of problems in solar, planetary, galactic, and extragalactic astronomy to be attacked. These include the evolution of solar and planetary radio bursts, interplanetary and interstellar scintillation, the distribution of low energy cosmic rays and diffuse ionized hydrogen in our galaxy, the determination of spectral turnover frequencies and magnetic field strengths in galactic and extragalactic radio sources, searches for “fossil” radio galaxies which are no longer detectable by high frequency surveys, and searches for new sources of coherent radio emission. In addition, it is likely that unexpected objects and emission processes will be discovered by such an instrument, as has often happened when high resolution observations first become possible in a new spectral region. The Moon can provide shielding from terrestrial interference (and from the Sun half of the time) and consequently the lunar farside surface offers an ideal site of a low frequency radio array.
The Future Japanese CBR Anisotropy Observatory at the Moon
Authors: Tsuboi M. , Kaifu N. , Karoji H. , Takeuchi S. , Iwata T. , Itoh N. , Miyahara N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe have a plan to a radioastronomy mission at the Moon. This is dedicated to the mapping of the CBR anisotropy in order to study the properties of the early Universe, especially galaxy formation. This is a candidate for the Moon mission of NASDA, launched by an HIIA Rocket. The mission carries an 1.5 m (min.) offset parabola antenna with radiation shield to the north polar region of the Moon. This will observe CBR anisotropy at three (min.) frequencies between 30 to 90 GHz. The angular resolution is 9’ at 90 GHz. The telescope will observe the donut-shaped sky between 5 to 30 degree (not fixed) from the Moon celestial north pole. The resultant sensitivity will reach ΔT/T ⋍ 106K in 30’x30’ pixel and ΔT/T ⋍ 105K in 9’x9’ pixel.
Near-IR Spectroscopy of the Atmosphere of Jupiter
Authors: Carlson R.W. , Baines K.H. , Encrenaz T. , Drossart P. , Roos-Serote M. , Taylor F.W. , Irwin P. , Weir A. , Smith P. , Calcutt S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Galileo Near Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) obtains spectral images in the wavelength range 0.7 to 5.2 μm with a spectral resolving power of approximately 200. This spectral range allows NIMS to sense cloud-reflected solar radiation, thermal emission produced in the deep atmosphere, and auroral emission from the thermosphere of Jupiter. Using 5 μm thermal emission spectroscopy, the amount of water vapor in the deep atmosphere, at approximately the (i to 8 bar level, is found to vary by a factor > 100. Deep atmosphere ammonia was also found to vary, with a spatial behavior different from that of water vapor. No evidence is found for a massive water cloud. Using reflected solar radiation in conjunction with thermal emission, two cloud layers are found, the upper at 0.5 bars and a lower one at 1-1.3 bars. The inferred absorption properties of these clouds are consistent with ammonia crystals (the upper cloud) and ammonium hydrosulfide particles (the lower cloud).
Galileo UVS Results and Cassini Preview
Authors: Esposito L.W. , Barth C.A. , Hendrix A.R. , Hord C.W. , Stewart A.I.F. , Ajello J.M. , West R.A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUVS results from Jupiter show the Io torus colder and brighter than the Voyager observations. Aurora near Jupiter’s poles emit 1-4 MR from altitudes of 300 – 400 km. Ganymede and Callisto have extended hydrogen exospheres. The near-UV reflectance of the Galilean satellites shows SO2, magnetospheric alteration, and O3. Remote sensing of Jupiter’s stratospheric haze determines that it thickens and darkens towards higher latitudes.
Does a therapist's reflective ability predict the accuracy of their self-evaluation of competence in cognitive behavioural therapy?
Authors: Loades Maria E. , Myles Pamela J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAccurately evaluating how competently one is performing can be a precursor to seeking training and supervision, therefore contributing to safe, effective practice. Little is known about what predicts accurate self-evaluation. Prior research findings are inconsistent, with overestimation of self-rated competence in some studies and underestimation in others. We aimed to explore the relationship between therapists' reflective ability and the level of agreement between self-rated competence and competence rated by an experienced CBT assessor. Thirteen trainees undertaking a postgraduate CBT diploma submitted a series of recordings accompanied by self-ratings using the Cognitive Therapy Scale – Revised (CTS-R) and related written reflective analyses. Independent assessors marked the written analyses using a standardized marking scheme and rated the therapy sessions using the CTS-R. Trainees tended to overestimate or underestimate their competence in comparison to the independent assessors. The level of agreement between the assessors' ratings and self-evaluation of competence tended to improve during training, while reflective ability did not. Reflective ability was significantly related to level of agreement between self-rated and assessor-rated competence. Trainees do not consistently demonstrate the bias for overestimating their competence previously found in qualified therapists. During training, the tendency of an individual to over- or underestimate their competence may not remain stable, but tends to become more consistent with ratings undertaken by an experienced CBT assessor. Trainees who were rated as more reflective, tended to agree more closely with independent assessors on evaluation of competence. Therefore, enhancing reflective ability may help therapists to more accurately self-evaluate their competence.
Sleeping Beauty transposase structure allows rational design of hyperactive variants for genetic engineering
Authors: Voigt Franka , Wiedemann Lisa , Zuliani Cecilia , Querques Irma , Sebe Attila , Mátés Lajos , Izsvák Zsuzsanna , Ivics Zoltán , Barabas Orsolya 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSleeping Beauty (SB) is a prominent Tc1/mariner superfamily DNA transposon that provides a popular genome engineering tool in a broad range of organisms. It is mobilized by a transposase enzyme that catalyses DNA cleavage and integration at short specific sequences at the transposon ends. To facilitate SB’s applications, here we determine the crystal structure of the transposase catalytic domain and use it to model the SB transposase/transposon end/target DNA complex. Together with biochemical and cell-based transposition assays, our structure reveals mechanistic insights into SB transposition and rationalizes previous hyperactive transposase mutations. Moreover, our data enables us to design two additional hyperactive transposase variants. Our work provides a useful resource and proof-of-concept for structure-based engineering of tailored SB transposases.
Towards repurposing the yeast peroxisome for compartmentalizing heterologous metabolic pathways
Authors: DeLoache William C. , Russ Zachary N. , Dueber John E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCompartmentalization of enzymes into organelles is a promising strategy for limiting metabolic crosstalk and improving pathway efficiency, but improved tools and design rules are needed to make this strategy available to more engineered pathways. Here we focus on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae peroxisome and develop a sensitive high-throughput assay for peroxisomal cargo import. We identify an enhanced peroxisomal targeting signal type 1 (PTS1) for rapidly sequestering non-native cargo proteins. Additionally, we perform the first systematic in vivo measurements of nonspecific metabolite permeability across the peroxisomal membrane using a polymer exclusion assay. Finally, we apply these new insights to compartmentalize a two-enzyme pathway in the peroxisome and characterize the expression regimes where compartmentalization leads to improved product titre. This work builds a foundation for using the peroxisome as a synthetic organelle, highlighting both promise and future challenges on the way to realizing this goal.