bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation and prediction of carbohydrate content in zucchini fruit using near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Pomares‐Viciana Teresa , Martínez‐Valdivieso Damián , Font Rafael , Gómez Pedro , del Río‐Celestino Mercedes 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDZucchini fruit plays an important part in healthy nutrition due to its high content of carbohydrates. Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of visible–NIRS to predict quality profile. However, this procedure has not been applied to determine carbohydrates.RESULTSVisible–NIR and wet chemical methods were used to determine individual sugars and starch in zucchini fruits. By applying a principal component analysis (PCA) with NIR spectral data a differentiation between the less sweet versus the sweetest zucchini accessions could be found. For the determination of carbohydrate content effective prediction models for individual sugars such as glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch by using partial least squares (PLS) regression have been developed.CONCLUSIONThe coefficients of determination in the external validation (R2VAL) ranged from 0.66 to 0.85. The standard deviation (SD) to standard error of prediction ratio (RPD) and SD to range (RER) were variable for different quality compounds and showed values that were characteristic of equations suitable for screening purposes. From the study of the MPLS loadings of the first three terms of the different equations for sugars and starch, it can be concluded that some major cell components such as pigments, cellulose, organic acids highly participated in modelling the equations for carbohydrates. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Maternal Body Mass Index and Amniotic Fluid Index in Late Gestation
Authors: Blitz Matthew J. , Rochelson Burton , Stork Leah B. , Augustine Stephanie , Greenberg Meir , Sison Cristina P. , Vohra Nidhi 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the effect, if any, of an increasing maternal body mass index (BMI) on sonographically diagnosed oligohydramnios in late gestation and how it subsequently affects obstetric and neonatal outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study evaluated all women with singleton gestations who had a sonographic examination at 40 to 42 weeks' gestational age at North Shore University Hospital from 2010 through 2013. Underweight women (prepregnancy BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) were excluded because of higher rates of oligohydramnios and fetal growth restriction. Patients were classified into 5 groups by late‐pregnancy BMI. The primary variable of interest was the diagnosis of oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index < 5 cm). Secondary variables of interest included the mode of delivery and indication for primary cesarean delivery. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed.ResultsOligohydramnios was identified in 189 of 1671 patients (11.3%). There was no significant difference in the amniotic fluid index between BMI groups. The rate of primary cesarean delivery increased with each successive BMI group (P < .001) such that women in the class III obesity group had an approximately 3‐fold higher rate of primary cesarean delivery than women in the normal BMI group and a 2‐fold higher rate than women in the overweight BMI group. In the final multivariable logistic regression model, a high BMI, nulliparity, and excessive gestational weight gain were associated with primary cesarean delivery. However, oligohydramnios did not contribute significantly to the model.ConclusionsThe maternal BMI is not associated with oligohydramnios in late gestation. An increasing maternal BMI significantly increases the risk of primary cesarean delivery.
Clinical Value of Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasound Enhancement Patterns for Differentiating Focal Pancreatitis From Pancreatic Carcinoma: A Comparison Study With Conventional Ultrasound
Authors: Wang Yanjie , Yan Kun , Fan Zhihui , Ding Ke , Yin Shanshan , Dai Ying , Yang Wei , Wu Wei 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesWe explored the clinical value of using contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (US) enhancement patterns for the differential diagnosis of focal pancreatitis from pancreatic carcinoma.MethodsA total of 136 solid pancreatic lesions with final diagnoses from January 2010 to February 2016 were enrolled in this study. Twenty‐five cases were focal pancreatitis; 86 cases were pancreatic carcinoma; and 25 cases were other types. All of the patients received conventional and contrast‐enhanced US examinations. Two experienced US physicians analyzed the contrast‐enhanced US enhancement patterns and made diagnoses according to the conventional and contrast‐enhanced US manifestations. The inter‐rater agreement for the contrast enhancement patterns between the readers was analyzed. The diagnostic efficiency of contrast enhancement patterns for differentiating focal pancreatitis from pancreatic carcinoma was analyzed and compared with that of conventional US.ResultsThe κ test showed good concordance for contrast enhancement patterns between the readers (P < .05). The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of isoenhancement or isoenhancement with focal hypoenhancement in both the early and late phases for diagnosing focal pancreatitis were 72.0%, 95.5%, and 91.2%, respectively. The diagnostic sensitivity of isoenhancement or isoenhancement with focal hypoenhancement in both the early and late phases greatly increased for diagnosing focal pancreatitis in comparison with isoenhancement (72.0% versus 32.0%; P < .05). The diagnostic accuracy of contrast‐enhanced US was greatly increased over that of conventional US (85.6% versus 49.5%; P < .001).ConclusionsContrast‐enhanced US is a valuable tool for differentiating focal pancreatitis from pancreatic carcinoma and can greatly increase the diagnostic accuracy over conventional US.
Minimally elevated preoperative parathyroid hormone level influences the management of primary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Sadeghi Nader , Li Ning‐Wei , Shokri Tom , Akin Esma , Joshi Arjun S. , Knoll Stanley 
Published: August 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo determine the effect of preoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) level on the extent of surgery and the accuracy of parathyroid imaging in primary hyperparathyroidism.Study DesignRetrospective cohort.MethodsFinal diagnosis of single‐gland adenoma and its location versus multigland disease was established in this retrospective cohort study. Positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of imaging were analyzed in relation to preoperative PTH levels.ResultsEighty‐seven percent of the 218 patients enrolled in the study underwent unilateral targeted operation and had a 97.9% (95% confidence interval: 95.8%–100%) success rate. However, in patients with PTH <65 pg/mL, 28.6% had bilateral exploration compared to 10.3% in those with PTH ≥65 pg/mL (P = .042). In patients with PTH <65 pg/mL, 7/21 (33.3%) had inaccurate sestamibi findings compared to 24/174 (13.8%) in patients with PTH ≥65 pg/mL (P = .047).ConclusionsAccuracy of sestamibi drops significantly, by threefold, in patients with mild primary hyperparathyroidism and PTH <65 pg/mL. Patients with PTH < 65 pg/mL have a 2.5‐fold higher rate of bilateral operation to identify the hypersecreting gland(s) compared to patients with PTH ≥65 pg/mL.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:1016–1021, 2018
Aromatic‐Turmerone Attenuates LPS‐Induced Neuroinflammation and Consequent Memory Impairment by Targeting TLR4‐Dependent Signaling Pathway
Authors: Chen Min , Chang Yuan‐yuan , Huang Shun , Xiao Li‐hang , Zhou Wei , Zhang Lan‐yue , Li Chun , Zhou Ren‐ping , Tang Jian , Lin Li , Du Zhi‐yun , Zhang Kun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractScope: Curcuma longa (turmeric) is a folk medicine in South and Southeast Asia, which has been widely used to alleviate chronic inflammation. Aromatic‐turmerone is one of the main components abundant in turmeric essential oil. However, little information is available from controlled studies regarding its biological activities and underlying molecular mechanisms against chronic inflammation in the brain. In the current study, we employed a classical LPS model to study the effect and mechanism of aromatic‐turmerone on neuroinflammation.Methods and results: The effects of aromatic‐turmerone were studied in LPS‐treated mice and BV2 cells. The cognitive function assays, protein analyses, and histological examination were performed. Oral administration of aromatic‐turmerone could reverse LPS‐induced memory disturbance and normalize glucose intake and metabolism in the brains of mice. Moreover, aromatic‐turmerone significantly limited brain damage, through inhibiting the activation of microglia and generation of inflammatory cytokines. Further study in vitro revealed that aromatic‐turmerone targeted Toll‐like receptor 4 mediated downstream signaling, and lowered the release of inflammatory mediators.Conclusion: These observations indicate that aromatic‐turmerone is effective in preventing brain damage caused by neuroinflammation and may be useful in the treatment of neuronal inflammatory diseases.
Diacylglycerol Enhances the Effects of Alpha‐Linolenic Acid Against Visceral Fat: A Double‐Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Saito Shinichiro , Mori Atsuko , Osaki Noriko , Katsuragi Yoshihisa 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of alpha‐linolenic acid‐rich diacylglycerol (ALA‐DAG) compared with alpha‐linolenic acid‐rich triacylglycerol (ALA‐TAG) on visceral fat area (VFA) in people with overweight.MethodsSubjects with overweight were recruited to a randomized, double‐blind, controlled, parallel‐group designed trial and randomly allocated to two groups that consumed either 2.5 g/d ALA‐TAG or ALA‐DAG for 12 weeks. Two 4‐week nontreatment periods were placed before and after the treatment period. One hundred fourteen subjects (n = 57 in the ALA‐TAG group, n = 57 in the ALA‐DAG group) were enrolled into the analysis set for efficacy evaluation.ResultsThe VFA and BMI were significantly decreased by the ALA‐DAG treatment with a treatment‐by‐time interaction compared with the ALA‐TAG treatment (P < 0.05). Additionally, the change from baseline of the fasting serum TAG concentration at week 12 was significantly decreased by ALA‐DAG treatment compared with ALA‐TAG treatment (P < 0.05). Safety parameters such as urinary measurements, hematologic parameters and blood biochemistry, and the incidence of adverse events did not differ significantly between groups, and no ALA‐DAG–associated adverse effects were detected.ConclusionsIncorporation of ALA‐DAG in a regular diet for 12 weeks may lead to a reduction in VFA, BMI, and serum TAG in men and women with overweight.
Effect of the combined application of microencapsulated synthetic oviposition pheromone (MSP) with different larvicidal agents on the oviposition of Culex pipiens biotype molestus
Authors: Michaelakis Antonios , Papachristos Dimitrios P , Rumbos Christos I , Athanassiou Christos G 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDAttract‐and‐kill strategies, in which a behavior‐modifying stimulus (e.g. a pheromone) is integrated with a pest control agent, have lately attracted increased interest for mosquito control. Previously, it was demonstrated that the polyurea microencapsulated synthetic oviposition pheromone 6‐acetoxy‐5‐hexadecanolide (MSP) was sufficiently attractive to gravid females of Culex pipiens L. biotype molestus Førskal (Diptera: Culicidae) for a period of 40 days. Furthermore, it was shown that MSP could be effectively combined with the organophosphate temephos to achieve efficient mosquito control. In the present study, the effect of the combined application of MSP with commonly used larvicides on the oviposition response of Cx. p. biotype molestus females over time was investigated in two‐choice oviposition bioassays. As larvicides, the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron and the bacterial insecticide spinosad were evaluated at their lowest recommended label dose, whereas temephos was used as a control.RESULTSWhen MSP was applied in combination with diflubenzuron, the attractancy of MSP to gravid females was in all cases negatively affected, as fewer egg rafts were laid in pots treated with MSP and diflubenzuron compared with MSP alone. Spinosad did not reduce, but rather increased, the attractive effect of the oviposition pheromone at the beginning of the bioassay (at 2 days of ageing) when co‐applied; however, the observed attractive effect was significantly reduced after 7 days of ageing and remained stable at the same level until the termination of the bioassay. Finally, the oviposition pattern of egg rafts laid on the pot with MSP and temephos was similar to that of egg rafts laid on the pot with MSP alone, showing that temephos did not significantly affect MSP activity.CONCLUSIONThe results of the present study highlight the effects of the combined application of MSP with spinosad and diflubenzuron on the oviposition of gravid Cx. p. biotype molestus females, which in most cases eliminated the attractive effect of MSP. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Employee Sensemaking on the Importance of Sustainability Reporting in Sustainability Identity Change
Authors: Onkila Tiina , Mäkelä Marileena , Järvenpää Marko 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study examines employee sensemaking processes in order to understand the role of sustainability reporting in organizational identity change. Through an analysis of 52 interviews with employees in two Finnish companies, we develop sensemaking frames for understanding the role of sustainability reporting in organizational identity change. The three sensemaking frames are individualistic, relational and decoupled. Each of these sensemaking frames differs in stakeholder orientation. They indicate that sensemaking influences the interpretation of how important sustainability reporting is for organizational identity change towards sustainability. The study shows how the individualistic and relational frames serve as sensemaking frames for framing sustainability reporting as being possibly beneficial in organizational identity change. However, the decoupled frame highlights the deficiencies of reporting, especially from the perspective of a collectivistic stakeholder orientation. We propose that a better understanding of the decoupled sensemaking frame helps to understand the justifications for the increasing criticism that has been targeted at sustainability reporting. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
A new Mississippian tetrapod from Fife, Scotland, and its environmental context
Authors: Smithson Timothy R. , Browne Michael A. E. , Davies Sarah J , Marshall John E. A. , Millward David , Walsh Stig A. , Clack Jennifer A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Visean stage of the Mississippian was a time of rapid tetrapod diversification which marks the earliest appearance of temnospondyls, microsaurs and the limbless aïstopods. Tetrapod finds from this stage are very rare and only a dozen sites are known worldwide. Here we announce the discovery of a new Visean site in Fife, Scotland, of Asbian age, and from it describe a new species of the baphetoid Spathicephalus. These specimens represent the oldest known baphetoid by three million years, yet belong to the most specialized members of the clade. Unlike typical baphetoids with large marginal teeth and palatal fangs characteristic of early tetrapods, spathicephalids had very broad flattened heads with a dentition consisting of a large number of small, uniform teeth. Spathicephalids were probably one of the earliest tetrapod groups to use suction feeding on small, aquatic prey. Palynological and sedimentological analysis indicates that the new fossil bed was deposited in a large, stratified, freshwater lake that became increasingly saline.
Journey Heading towards Enantioselective Synthesis Assisted by Organocatalysis
Authors: Kaur Jasneet , Chauhan Pankaj , Singh Sarbjit , Chimni Swapandeep Singh 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis personal account summarizes the design of various organocatalysts derived from amino acids and Cinchona alkaloids and their applications in enantioselective carbon‐carbon and carbon‐nitrogen bond formation reactions. This account begins with the short description of the background of asymmetric organocatalysis. Various types of reactions like aldol reaction, Michael reaction, aza‐Henry reaction, Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman reaction are described in this account.
Combined effect of elevated CO2 concentration and drought on the photosynthetic apparatus and leaf morphology traits in seedlings of yellow poplar
Authors: Je Sun‐Mi , Woo Su Young , Lee Seong Han , Kwak Myung Ja , Lee Tae Yoon , Kim Sun Hee 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo counter the threat of drought, which is expected to increase in the future, we analyzed the combined effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration and drought on the photosynthetic apparatus and morphological traits in seedlings of yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera). The plants were grown for four months in a phytotron under different CO2 concentrations [ambient CO2, 430 ppm, AC) and elevated CO2, 640 ppm, EC] and water treatment [field capacity, FC and 50% of field capacity, FC50]. FC50 was sufficient for inducing a reduction in the photosynthetic rate of L. tulipifera. However, under FC50 combined with EC, we observed an increase in photosynthetic rate with increased photopigment content, photochemistry efficiency, and light harvesting ability. Further, decreased specific leaf area and increased wax coverage in EC suggested that EC contributed to protect chloroplasts and reduce water loss. In conclusion, functional improvements of the photosynthetic apparatus with changes in morphological traits were observed under FC50 combined with EC and EC ameliorated the adverse effect of FC50 on the seedlings of L. tulipifera.
The Many Potential Uses for a Job Analysis
Authors: Waters Linda D. , Mironova Olga , Stobinski James X. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A job analysis is an integral component in the development of a certification examination. A job analysis, also referred to as a role delineation study, is an expensive, resource-intensive endeavor. The job analysis, the task and knowledge statements, and survey findings, are among the most valuable assets held by a certification organization, but this asset is often underutilized. This article presents alternative uses for job analysis results and strategies for increasing the return on investment for this asset.
The Value of Nursing Certification: Revisited and Reinforced
Authors: Fitzpatrick Joyce J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Background: Nursing is the largest health care profession in the United States, and as such employment and professional development trends for this group are instructive. A significant ratio of individuals holding the vascular access-board certified credential are registered nurses. A large portion of the nursing workforce holds specialty certification, but this process is mainly voluntary and heavily dependent on the motivation of individual nurses. Certification rates among registered nurses lag behind other health care professions such as medicine.
Review of Literature: A summary of recent research centered on nursing certification is presented and divided into 3 major categories: value of certification perceived by nurses, traits associated with certification, and relationship between nursing certification and patient outcomes.
Conclusions: Although there are many studies available on nursing certification, additional work in the field is needed to promote and show benefits of specialty nursing certifications.
A Google-Based Freeware Solution for Archaeological Field Survey and Onsite Artifact Analysis
Authors: Cascalheira João , Bicho Nuno , Gonçalves Célia 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper introduces a new freeware digital system, based on Google/Android platforms, designed to be a fully integrated and customizable solution to record, manage, and share archaeological survey data. The core of the system is two custom smartphone/tablet applications, through which surveyors are able to retrieve geographical coordinates and relevant attribute data from archaeological locations, but also to perform onsite analysis of artifacts, including taking accurate measurements with digital calipers directly connected to the mobile devices. The system saves all data recovered in the devices' internal memory, as well as in a cloud-based spatial database (Google Fusion Tables), where data can be automatically shared and examined using a rather intuitive set of visualization tools to instantly make maps or produce exploratory charts. Using the example of a recent field survey project for Stone Age sites in Mozambique, we provide a detailed discussion of the creation and use of all hardware and software components of our solution that will allow other researchers to reproduce the methodology and customize the system to meet the needs of their own projects.
TESTING FOR A UNIT ROOT IN LEE–CARTER MORTALITY MODEL
Authors: Leng Xuan , Peng Liang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMotivated by a recent discovery that the two-step inference for the Lee–Carter mortality model may be inconsistent when the mortality index does not follow from a nearly integrated AR(1) process, we propose a test for a unit root in a Lee–Carter model with an AR(p) process for the mortality index. Although testing for a unit root has been studied extensively in econometrics, the method and asymptotic results developed in this paper are unconventional. Unlike a blind application of existing R packages for implementing the two-step inference procedure in Lee and Carter (1992) to the U.S. mortality rate data, the proposed test rejects the null hypothesis that the mortality index follows from a unit root AR(1) process, which calls for serious attention on using the future mortality projections based on the Lee–Carter model in policy making, pricing annuities and hedging longevity risk. A simulation study is conducted to examine the finite sample behavior of the proposed test too.
Spatially explicit analysis sheds new light on the Pleistocene megafaunal extinction in North America
Authors: Emery-Wetherell Meaghan M. , McHorse Brianna K. , Byrd Davis Edward 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe late Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions may have been the first extinctions directly related to human activity, but in North America the close temporal proximity of human arrival and the Younger Dryas climate event has hindered efforts to identify the ultimate extinction cause. Previous work evaluating the roles of climate change and human activity in the North American megafaunal extinction has been stymied by a reliance on geographic binning, yielding contradictory results among researchers. We used a fine-scale geospatial approach in combination with 95 megafaunal last-appearance and 75 human first-appearance radiocarbon dates to evaluate the North American megafaunal extinction. We used kriging to create interpolated first- and last-appearance surfaces from calibrated radiocarbon dates in combination with their geographic autocorrelation. We found substantial evidence for overlap between megafaunal and human populations in many but not all areas, in some cases exceeding 3000 years of predicted overlap. We also found that overlap was highly regional: megafauna had last appearances in Alaska before humans first appeared, but did not have last appearances in the Great Lakes region until several thousand years after the first recorded human appearances. Overlap in the Great Lakes region exceeds uncertainty in radiocarbon measurements or methodological uncertainty and would be even greater with sampling-derived confidence intervals. The kriged maps of last megafaunal occurrence are consistent with climate as a primary driver in some areas, but we cannot eliminate human influence from all regions. The late Pleistocene megafaunal extinction was highly variable in timing and duration of human overlap across the continent, and future analyses should take these regional trends into account.