bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ITALY'S INFORMAL IMPERIALISM IN TIANJIN DURING THE LIBERAL EPOCH, 1902–1922
Authors: DONATI SABINA 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThis article examines the notion of ‘informal imperialism’ in East Asia and extends the related historiographical debate to the Italian case-study by focusing on liberal Italy's concession at Tianjin city port from 1902 through 1922. By doing so, it provides a fresh perspective on Italy's sole concession in China as well as offering specific theoretical insights and historical details that have not been sufficiently discussed in the literature pertaining to Italian expansionism in the liberal years. Within the context of an Italian informal imperial structure at its inception, the study carries out an historical investigation by using the economic lens on the one hand, and the political-administrative one on the other. In this way, it advances the current discussion about informal imperialism(s) in Tianjin by surveying issues pertaining not only to Italian trade, finance, and investments in imperial settings but also to foreign self-government and the establishment of an Italian Municipal Council as tools of imperial power relations. Based on a variety of Italian-language historical sources, archival material, and related academic works, the analysis is further enriched with comparisons drawn from the English-language scholarship on the British and the Japanese informal empires.
Insecure Families: Early Adoption Practice in New South Wales
Authors: Horsburgh Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEffective legal provision for the adoption of children was not introduced into New South Wales until the passage of the Child Welfare Act of 1923. This paper examines some of the less formal and less effective practices which preceded that Act. The lack of adequate legislation affected all of those arrangements, creating problems out of issues which are today assumed to be solved. The early difficulties are seen to shed some light on modern discussions.
The Effects of Parent Education on Children's Fluency
Authors: Nystul Michael S. , Moore Margaret 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThirteen Australian parents of stuttering children participated in a parent education program based on Thomas Gordon's Parent Effectiveness Training program. Tape recordings of parent-child conversations were made before and after the parent participated in the parent education program. The conversations were analyzed in terms of the amount of verbalization of the stuttering child with each parent and the level of fluency of a stuttering child with each parent. An analysis of the results showed the stuttering children to significantly (p <.0473) increase the number of words used when talking with their mother and significantly (p <.0218) decrease their percentage of stuttering when speaking with their father.
Parent Education: Developments and Discrepancies
Authors: Allan June , Schultz Cynthia 
Published: March 2016

ResumeThe effects of professional intervention in family life and relationships has been questioned by a number of writers who maintain that this involvement has led to the undermining of parental authority and a lessening of parental competence and confidence. By contrast, others see this involvement as supplying necessary skills to family members.Amongst the programmes which professionals have implemented are parent education programmes, many of which are conducted in groups and which are valued by both practitioners and writers. As part of the broader debate about the relationships between professionals and the family however, some critics suggest that parent education programmes can have adverse effects on parents' confidence in their parental role and on their self-reliance in deciding how best to raise their children.A research project is being put into effect in Melbourne to explore these issues.
Preventative Child Welfare Services in Victoria
Authors: Mitchell Brian 
Published: March 2016

The idea of prevention in child welfare is not new. The prevention of substitute placement of children whether on a temporary or long-term basis has been a fundamental principle of child welfare we have held to for many years in Victoria.However, it is only in the last decade that this principle is actually being carried out in practice by a number of voluntary agencies. For many children placement is still commonly used as a solution it is easier to place a child than to promote change within many multi-deficit families.
Intercountry Adoption: Society's responsibilities to children adopted into cultures other than their own
Authors: Hoksbergen R.A.C. 
Published: March 2016

When we discuss and think about responsibilities to intercountry adopted children, we have to answer several questions first:
– Responsibility to whom? What are the special characteristics of the persons or groups involved? How big will this responsibility be?and– Is it, quantitively speaking, an important phenomenon?I will answer the second and easiest question first.How many intercountry adopted children arrive each year in Belgium, Holland, Germany, Great Britain, other European countries, Australia, New Zealand, USA and Canada?
Surviving Childhood
Authors: Leditschke J. Fred 
Published: March 2016

In the first month of life, prematurity and congenital anomalies account for the majority of deaths to children. Between one month and one year of age, the still unexplained Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) or cot death remains very much an unsolved problem causing untold distress and grief to parents.If, however, we consider the childhood commencing at one month of age and carrying through until the completion of at least primary school and possibly secondary schooling, then accidents cause over a quarter of the deaths and, in considering those deaths in the first five years of life, drowning constitutes the number one cause. If we are looking at a spectrum from birth to fifteen years, deaths from motor vehicle accidents, whether as a passenger, pedestrian or bicyclist, are responsible for 50% of the deaths. Drowning features second on the list whilst such things as burns, poisoning, electrocution and suffocation now constitute a very small percentage of the deaths in childhood.
Family Support—The First Option for Families in Great Stress
Authors: Matters Margaret 
Published: March 2016

Synopsis:The aim of this paper is to present Family Support as the optimal choice for the long-term well being of children of families in great stress. (This may be the primary professional resource or may be in combination with alternative care).These families are described elsewhere as “multi deficit”, “multi problem”, “hard to reach”, “hardcore” and “excluded families”, meaning excluded from the day to day services of our community. Not only do these families fear rejection and failure so do not attempt to use ordinary community services and resources such as community houses, libraries, maternal and child health nurses etc., but these services feel uneasy and poorly equipped to handle these families and their perceived needs.A multi-service agency is required to effect change where there has been an inter-generational cycle of deprivation which gives rise to a “poverty of experience.”We will demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach through a case study where long-term fostercare seemed a likely outcome.This paper presents a distillation of the knowledge about families and methods of working with them, that has grown and developed over the past 10 years at Careforce Outer East.
In Whose ‘Best Interests’?: Some Mothers' Experiences of Child Welfare Interventions
Authors: Mason Jan 
Published: March 2016

ResumeThis paper reports on a small study in the south west region of Sydney, in which mothers discussed their experiences as recipients of child welfare interventions for alleged child abuse.The research methodology is within a feminist framework, utilising qualitative data and placing importance on the impact of the implementation specific public policy on aspects of private functioning.Data was obtained from focused interviews conducted by students on placement. The analysis highlights major themes of women's experiences of service delivery, using their own words. Themes concern feelings of powerlessness, factors determining the perception of interventions as ‘helpful’ or otherwise and issues of rights to information and access.The findings of this study are considered in relation to feminist analysis of ‘mothering’ and State intervention; previous research on recipient experiences of service delivery and implications for future policy development and research.
Not the Last Word: Point and Counterpoint: The “Sweet” and the “Swill”: Farewell Welfare?
Authors: Goddard Chris 
Published: March 2016

“It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen” (Orwell, 1949). The opening lines of 1984 have passed into the collective consciousness, gathering the familiarity that is reserved for great works of literature. The ‘Ministry of Truth’ was Winston Smith's employer and the name is now applied by journalists to the Victorian Government's media unit.Much science fiction has been treated with condescension and the label of approval, ‘literature’, has been applied sparingly, if at all. I have enjoyed the genre since reading The War of the Worlds by H.G. Wells. The terror and adventure of the story of the invasion by Martians held me enthralled, but the real thrill for me as a schoolboy was that much of the early action took place where I lived.
Child Abuse and the Law: The Australian Reform Commission’s Approach
Authors: Seymour John 
Published: March 2016

The Australian Law Reform Commission’s report, Child Welfare, was tabled in the Commonwealth Parliament in November 1981. Although the report deals with child welfare in the A.C.T., many of the issues which are addressed are the same as those being considered in other parts of Australia. The report covers a wide range of matters, including:
young offenders and methods of dealing with them;children in need of care;abused children;the licensing of child care services;children in employment; andwelfare services for children and families.This article will focus on the Commission’s recommendations on the reform of the law relating to abused children and other children in need of care.
“Behind Every Good Soldier…”
Authors: Palmer David 
Published: March 2016

unexplored area in Australian research. Literature on the topic of military base-host community relations in specific is practically nonexistent, in Australia and elsewhere. Those case-studies which have been made (Barth, 1952; Hunter, 1952; Palmer, 1977) reveal that the military community represents a kind of foreign settlement in a civilian locality, that relations more often than not are uneasy and even exploitative in such matters as housing, and that the military style of life in general thwarts civil-military social integration.The communal nature of the military organisation in its own right has been noted by Kilmartin (1974; 444):“Military organisation may be thought of as communities in two senses: spatial and psychological. The latter means simply the affective bonds between members which occur as a result of common experiences, common goals and, in some cases, public antipathy or indifference ... The second sense in which military organisations are communal is in the form of more visible, spatial communities such as those residential communities on or near service bases and in barracks and training camps... These physical arrangements symbolize the relative impermeability of the (civil-military) boundaries — from either side.”How the wives and families of servicemen experience service lifestyle, military communalism and isolation from civilian host comunities is the concern of this paper.
Families & Fiscal Policy
Authors: Smith Phillipa 
Published: March 2016

This article examines some of the policies and assumptions behind the government’s fiscal policies and family support.The responsibility for dependent children has become lost in a ‘no mans land’ somewhere between the wages system, the government, and the family itself.Of particular concern is the erosion of the real value of income, allowance and other support (eg. child care, refuges etc.) for poor families. Alongside the government’s oft quoted concern for the needy has been the actual fall in wellbeing of those most in need (eg. single parents, the unemployed, low income families) while other more traditional family notions have been supported (eg. dependent spouse rebate). In some instances this redistribution has occurred through active policies (eg. family allowances) while in other cases they have come about by ‘non policies’ (eg. failure to index allowances for single parents).
Enuresis — A Case Study
Authors: Rainey Joy 
Published: March 2016

This paper centre around a particular treatment procedure for a 6 years old boy with primary enuresis. According to Hudson (1980) the term “enuresi” mean “persistent wetting of the bed by children over the age of 3 or 4 years in the absence of any demonstrable organic pathology”. (P. 70).Although there have been various ways of handling this over the centuries (mostly unsuccessful), according to many modern researchers, the bell and pad or enuresis alarm has the best record of success. Hudson claims “a continually demonstrated high success rate of approximately 75%” (p.18). He does emphasize, however, that these figures are for good quality equipment, used with professional supervision.
Mind That Child: A Critical Analysis of Child Safety Legislation in Australia
Authors: Bryce Quentin 
Published: March 2016

Every year, but particularly in this International Year of the Child, many words have been spoken about children — their needs, their health and their happiness; and of the responsibility all must assume of seeing to it that young lives are nurtured.The purpose of this paper is to examine an issue which pertains to the very survival of the child — safety legislation.This year in Australia about a million children will be hurt and some thousands will die as a result of accident. What can be done to stop this epidemic? Does the law have a role to play?
Children's Rights in Sweden: Where to Draw the Line?
Authors: Bainsby Wendy 
Published: March 2016

* Every child has the right to divorce his parents* When parents are divorced, no arrangement may be made for their child's custody without his consent* Parents or guardians may not take decisions concerning a child of seven or older without discussing it with him first.These three extracts come from Eight Theses of a Child's Rights (appended), compiled by a Swedish Professor of Law. A government committee considering children's rights is expected to recommend some of them for enactment into Swedish law.
Some Impending Legal Problems for Social Workers
Authors: Bates Frank 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMany areas of the law with which social workers are required to deal are particularly dynamic and, in order to meet the challenges they present, it is necessary to look ahead. Developments in the United States often provide a useful means of predicting developments in Australia. The paper examines three areas, proceedings, social security law, and mental health – where change is becoming, or likely to become, apparent, in the first topic, there has been a marked change in both the issues with which the courts have had to deal and the methodology which they have adopted to attempt to resolve them. In social security law, decisions of the Administrative Tribunal have illustrated anomalies and deficiencies in the legislation, and social workers in their daily practice may notice others. All of that might well lead to a necessary review of the legislation. In the area of mental health legislation, a draft bill in Victoria contains a number of disquieting features which should cause social workers, as well as lawyers, concern. The paper concludes by noting that the legal relationship between social workers and the law has never been more subject to scrutiny in a wide variety of situations, and mutual respect between the two disciplines must continue to increase.
Developments in Work-Related Child Care
Authors: Evans Joan 
Published: March 2016

The child care centre at the Eden Park Industrial Estate, North Ryde, is currently the only centre established by a developer and in receipt of federal funding under the Children's Services Program.The success of the Eden Park centre, which has been incorporated as an integral part of the design of the industrial complex, has caused the centre to be the focus of the growing interest in the concept of work-related child care by such groups as commercial concerns, unions, local government and other public authorities.
Children in History
Authors: Goddard Chris 
Published: March 2016

Writing about the French Revolution, Edmund Burke suggested that the state that cannot change will not survive. As I write this, at the end of 1989, it is evident that for many people the world is changing at a great pace, and that some states may not survive. There can be no doubt that 1989 will appear in history books as a year to be remembered, a year to be weighed alongside 1789, 1914, 1939 and so on. There is a sense that we are living through a momentous time in history. For those of us too young to remember 1939 or 1945, let alone 1914, this is the first experience of enormous upheaval. The map of Europe, East and West, appears to be changing every day.With the established order, in Eastern Europe at least, disintegrating so rapidly, writing anything is a risky business, particularly for a journal such as Australian Child and Family Welfare where lead times are long and labour is voluntary. Much of what is written at the end of 1989 may appear irrelevant at best, in 1990.
Child Sexual Abuse: Past and Current Myths
Authors: Goddard Christopher R. 
Published: March 2016

Violence and assault within the home have always occurred in the shadows. Throwing light on the problems has never been easy, with the players in the tragedies disappearing and the action ceasing as soon as they were illuminated. For health and welfare workers now faced with large numbers of child sexual abuse victims the fact that the problem of child sexual abuse remained hidden for so long is difficult to comprehend. The evidence does not indicate a large increase in child sexual abuse, so the uncomfortable reality must be that the victims suffered in silence or their cries for help remained unheard or unheeded. As Hewitt so graphically proposes, the problem has always been:“… characterised by silence and shame on the part of the victim, and disbelief and ignorance on the part of the community.”
Reflections on Entitlement to a Child in Australian Women's Journals 1947–1987
Authors: Harper Juliet 
Published: March 2016

In the Macquarie Dictionary, a family is defined as “parents and their children, whether dwelling together or not”. To be a couple with no children puts one outside of this category when family is defined in that way. Indeed, it is only recently that the term “single parent family” has been coined and accepted as an alternative type of family structure. Prior to the seventies the reference was to the “single mother and her child” and earlier still, “unmarried mothers” and “illegitimate children” — “fillius nullis”, child of nobody, until the Children's Equality of Status Act in 1977.Society still appears to hold the nuclear family as the ideal2 that is a male and a female, preferably married with one or more children. A couple remain a couple and are not considered a family until such time as they have a child. For those who wish to have a child but are unable to have one, this constitutes a painful situation, but one towards which society feels compassion and in the view of the author, supports the notion that couples are entitled to a child.
Schoolchildren's Perception of Their Rights: A Pilot Study
Authors: Turner J. Neville 
Published: March 2016

The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child was ratified by Australia in December 1990. The Convention contains 55 articles, 41 of which are substantive, the others being procedural.The Convention has been analysed in legal and other literature in Australia. Its ratification was actively promoted by the National Children's Bureau of Australia and other bodies. Its implementation is the primary responsibility of the Federal and State governments. Periodic reports are required to be made to a Committee of the United Nations established for this purpose. It is foreseen that non-government organisations in each ratifying country will be invited to comment on the performance of their country. This surely means that the NCHA has a role in monitoring the implementation of the Convention.
The importance of parents in the lives of children in the care system
Authors: Thomson Jane , Thorpe Ros 
Published: March 2016

Research to date has found that natural parents may be an important source of identity and support for children in and young people leaving out-of-home care. There has, however, been limited research on natural parents themselves, both internationally and in Australia.This paper provides a justification for a research focus on parents, documents what is known from research to date, highlights current issues for parents and their children in out-of-home care, and concludes by identifying future research priorities in the area. The paper calls for recognition of the need to maintain positive links between natural family members in order to ensure best practice outcomes for children and young people in care.
The importance of fathers in building stronger families
Authors: Fleming Joe 
Published: March 2016

Fathers and father figures in child welfare and child development have often been neglected as a focus of interest and research, yet they are often recognised as being a key to the functioning of the family. In addition to this concept, parenting beliefs and practices inevitably influence those of child development and child rearing. By beginning to unravel the differences between role and gender and looking at the diverse dimensions of fatherhood, it is contended that there is no definitive discourse regarding fatherhood in the same way as it is suggested about motherhood.Whoever these men are, and whichever ethnic group or culture that they may originate from, it is argued that they have often been ignored or avoided in child welfare work. It is hoped that by identifying some of the key concepts in this overlooked area, intervention can be planned to engage fathers more constructively.
“Do you mean, we're not the only ones?”…: Disruption - powerlessness and empowerment
Authors: O'Neill Cas 
Published: March 2016

A study of the meaning of adoption and permanent placement disruption for parents and social workers confirmed that the experience is extremely stressful over a long period of time.Powerful themes evident through the process of the study were the influence on the placement of stress in the parents’ backgrounds; the maintenance of the family boundary; triangulation of relationships; the nature and quality of interactions between parents and social workers; relinquishment of a placed child; the immobilisation of possible support; and research as intervention.