bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Directed and persistent movement arises from mechanochemistry of the ParA/ParB system
Authors: Hu Longhua , Vecchiarelli Anthony G. , Mizuuchi Kiyoshi , Neuman Keir C. , Liu Jian 
Published: December 2015

SignificanceCells typically use processive motor proteins or the growth/shrinkage of cytoskeletal filaments to power directed and persistent movement of cellular structures. What if there are no motor proteins or filaments? Here, we establish a third mechanism of processive motility exemplified by the ParA/ParB system, which faithfully segregates low-copy number plasmids during bacterial cell division. The DNA cargos recruit ParB, which binds to and stimulates the ATPase activity of ParA bound to the nucleoid. ATP hydrolysis dissociates ParA from the nucleoid. The transient tethering arising from the ParA–ParB bonds collectively drives forward movement of the cargo and quenches lateral diffusive motions, producing a strikingly persistent trajectory. This operational principle could be important in early evolution and conserved for many systems.
Increasing aridity reduces soil microbial diversity and abundance in global drylands
Authors: Maestre Fernando T. , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel , Jeffries Thomas C. , Eldridge David J. , Ochoa Victoria , Gozalo Beatriz , Quero José Luis , García-Gómez Miguel , Gallardo Antonio , Ulrich Werner , Bowker Matthew A. , Arredondo Tulio , Barraza-Zepeda Claudia , Bran Donaldo , Florentino Adriana , Gaitán Juan , Gutiérrez Julio R. , Huber-Sannwald Elisabeth , Jankju Mohammad , Mau Rebecca L. , Miriti Maria , Naseri Kamal , Ospina Abelardo , Stavi Ilan , Wang Deli , Woods Natasha N. , Yuan Xia , Zaady Eli , Singh Brajesh K. 
Published: December 2015

Significance
Climate change is increasing the degree of aridity in drylands, which occupy 41% of Earth’s surface and support 38% of its population. Soil bacteria and fungi are largely responsible for key ecosystem services, including soil fertility and climate regulation, yet their responses to changes in aridity are poorly understood. Using a field survey conducted in drylands worldwide and DNA-sequencing approaches, we found that increases in aridity reduce the diversity and abundance of soil bacteria and fungi. This study represents an important advancement in our understanding of soil microbial communities and their likely responses to ongoing climate change.
Innate-like function of memory Th17 cells for enhancing endotoxin-induced acute lung inflammation through IL-22
Authors: Sakaguchi Ryota , Chikuma Shunsuke , Shichita Takashi , Morita Rimpei , Sekiya Takashi , Ouyang Wenjun , Ueda Tomomi , Seki Hiroyuki , Morisaki Hiroshi , Yoshimura Akihiko 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is known as a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome; however, the function of T-cell-derived cytokines in ALI has not yet been established. We found that LPS challenge in one lung resulted in a rapid induction of innate-type pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, followed by the expression of T-cell-type cytokines, including IL-17, IL-22 and IFN-γ. We discovered that IL-23 is important for ALI, since blockage of IL-23 by gene disruption or anti-IL-12/23p40 antibody treatment reduced neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory cytokine secretion into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). IL-23 was mostly produced from F4/80+CD11c+ alveolar macrophages, and IL-23 expression was markedly reduced by the pre-treatment of mice with antibiotics, suggesting that the development of IL-23-producing macrophages required commensal bacteria. Unexpectedly, among T-cell-derived cytokines, IL-22 rather than IL-17 or IFN-γ played a major role in LPS-induced ALI. IL-22 protein levels were higher than IL-17 in the BALF after LPS instillation, and the major source of IL-22 was memory Th17 cells. Lung memory CD4+ T cells had a potential to produce IL-22 at higher levels than IL-17 in response to IL-1β plus IL-23 without TCR stimulation. Our study revealed an innate-like function of the lung memory Th17 cells that produce IL-22 in response to IL-23 and are involved in exaggeration of ALI.
Posttraumatic Tibiofibular Synostosis After Treatment of Distal Tibiofibular Fractures in Children
Authors: Jung Sung Taek , Wang Sung Il , Moon Young Jae , Mubarak Scott J. , Kim Jung Ryul 
Published: December 2015

Introduction:
Posttraumatic pediatric distal tibiofibular synostosis is a rare complication following fracture. This is a retrospective, multicenter case series of synostosis of distal tibiofibular fractures in children. The purpose was to evaluate the incidence and pattern of posttraumatic distal tibiofibular synostosis in children.

Methods:
Of the 604 pediatric distal tibiofibular fractures, 20 patients (3.3%) with synostosis after treatment of distal tibiofibular fractures were identified at 3 tertiary referral centers. There were 12 boys and 8 girls, with a mean age of 8.4±2.0 years (range, 3.7 to 11.5 y) at the time of injury. Medical records were reviewed, and serial radiographs were analyzed to determine fracture configuration, pattern of synostosis, and changes in the relative positions of the proximal and distal tibial and fibular physes and in the alignment of the ankle.

Results:
The time from the occurrence of fracture until the recognition of the synostosis ranged from 2 to 6 months (mean, 2.8 mo). The most common fracture configuration was oblique tibial fracture combined with comminuted fibular fracture. There were 12 focal types and 8 extensive types. The proximal tibiofibular distance was decreased in 13 patients. Proximal migration of the distal fibular physis developed in all cases. Five patients exhibited ankle valgus of 10 degrees or greater with moderate or severe distal fibular shortening. Eight patients were symptomatic after synostosis and 12 patients were asymptomatic.

Conclusions:
We identified 2 patterns of synostosis after the treatment of pediatric distal tibiofibular fracture: focal and extensive. The focal type was more prevalent than the extensive type, which was more likely to occur due to high-energy injury. When a tibiofibular cross-union develops, it creates growth abnormalities that warrant observation and potential treatment, as it may lead to progressive deformity or ankle pain.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Neural Responses to Physical Characteristics of a High-velocity, Low-amplitude Spinal Manipulation
Authors: Reed William R. , Long Cynthia R. , Kawchuk Gregory N. , Sozio Randall S. , Pickar Joel G. 
Published: December 2015

Study Design.Electrophysiological recordings were obtained from proprioceptors in deep lumbar paraspinal muscles of anesthetized cats during high-velocity low-amplitude spinal manipulation (HVLA-SM).Objective.To determine how thrust direction of an HVLA-SM affects neural input from back musculature.Summary of Background Data.A clinician's ability to apply the thrust of an HVLA-SM in a specified direction is considered an important component of its optimal delivery. However, previous biomechanical studies indicate that the shear force component of the thrust vector is not actually transmitted to paraspinal tissues deep to the thoracolumbar fascia because the skin–fascia interface is frictionless.Methods.Neural activity from muscle spindles in the multifidus and longissimus muscles was recorded from L6dorsal rootlets in 18 anesthetized cats. After preload to the spinal tissues, HVLA-SMs (100-ms thrust duration) were applied through the intact skin overlying the L6lamina. Thrusts were applied at angles oriented perpendicularly to the back and obliquely at 15° and 30° medialward or cranialward using a 6 × 6 Latin square design with three replicates. The normal force component was kept constant at 21.3 N. HVLA-SMs were preceded and followed by simulated spinal movement applied to the L6vertebra. Changes in mean instantaneous discharge frequency (ΔMIF) of muscle spindles were determined both during the thrust and spinal movement.Results.ΔMIFs during the HVLA-SM thrust were significantly greater in response to all thrust directions compared with the preload alone, but there was no difference in ΔMIF for any of the thrust directions during the HVLA-SM. HVLA-SM decreased some of the responses to simulated spinal movement but thrust direction had no effect on these changes.Conclusion.The shear force component of an HVLA-SM's thrust vector is not transmitted to the underlying vertebra sufficient to activate muscle spindles of the attached muscles. Implications for clinical practice and clinical research are discussed.Level of Evidence:N/A
Reorganization in Secondary Somatosensory Cortex in Chronic Low Back Pain Patients
Authors: Hotz-Boendermaker Sabina , Marcar Valentine L. , Meier Michael L. , Boendermaker Bart , Humphreys Barry K. 
Published: December 2015

Study Design.
A cross-sectional comparative study between chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients and healthy control subjects.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to investigate reorganization in the sensory cortex by comparing cortical activity due to mechanosensory stimulation of the lumbar spine in CLBP patients versus a control group by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Summary of Background Data.
LBP is now the number 1 condition across the world in terms of years living with a disability. There is growing evidence that maladaptive changes in the processing of sensory input by the central nervous system are central to understanding chronic (back) pain.

Methods.
Nonpainful, posterior-anterior (PA) movement pressure was applied manually to lumbar vertebrae at L1, L3, and L5 in 13 healthy subjects and 13 CLBP patients. The manual pressure (30 N) was monitored and controlled using sensors. A randomized stimulation protocol was used consisting of 51 pressure stimuli of 5 seconds duration. fMRI data analysis was performed for the group activation within the primary and secondary sensory cortices (S1 and S2, respectively) and the representation of the individual vertebrae was extracted and statistically analyzed.

Results.
Nonpainful PA pressure revealed no cortical reorganization in S1. In contrast, the extent of S2 activation in the CLBP group was significantly reduced in both hemispheres. In the control group, a somatotopy was identified for the lumbar vertebrae between L1 and L3, respectively, and L5 in S2 of the right hemisphere. Most importantly, a blurring of the somatotopic representation of the lumbar spine in S2 was observed in the patient group.

Conclusion.
Together, these maladaptive changes suggest a reorganization of higher-order processing for sensory information in CLBP patients that might have implications for a decreased sensory acuity, also related to body perception and subsequent altered functioning of the lumbar spine.

Level of Evidence: 2
Cultural Beliefs and Attitudes About Breast Cancer and Screening Practices Among Arabic Women in Australia
Authors: Kwok Cannas , Endrawes Gihane , Lee Chun Fan 
Published: December 2015

Background:
Arabic women have been consistently reported as having remarkably low participation rates in breast cancer screening measures in their home countries and after migration to Western countries. Little is known about the screening behaviors of Arabic women in Australia.

Objectives:
This study aimed to report breast cancer screening practices among Arabic women in Australia and to examine the relationship between (1) demographic factors and (2) the Arabic version of the Breast Cancer Screening Beliefs Questionnaire (BCSBQ) score and women’s breast screening behaviors.

Methods:
A descriptive cross-sectional method was used. Both English and Arabic versions of the BCSBQ were administered to the 251 Arabic Australian women 18 years or older who participated in the study.

Results:
The majority of participants (62.9%–92%) had heard of breast awareness, clinical breast examination, and mammography. However, only 7.6% practiced breast awareness monthly, 21.4% had undergone clinical breast examination annually, and 40.3% had biannual mammography. Length of stay in Australia, being retired, and being unemployed were positively associated with the recommended performance of breast awareness and mammography. In terms of BCSBQ scores, women who engaged in the 3 screening practices had significantly higher scores on the attitudes to health check-ups and barriers to mammography subscales.

Conclusion:
Attitudes toward health check-ups and perceived barriers to mammography were important determinants of breast cancer screening practices among Arabic Australian women.

Implications for Practice:
To fully understand barriers discouraging Arabic Australian women from participating in breast cancer screening practices, efforts should be focused on specific subgroup (ie, working group) of Arabic Australian women.
Evolution arrests invasions of cooperative populations
Authors: Korolev Kirill S. 
Published: December 2015

Population expansions trigger many biomedical and ecological transitions, from tumor growth to invasions of non-native species. Although population spreading often selects for more invasive phenotypes, we show that this outcome is far from inevitable. In cooperative populations, mutations reducing dispersal have a competitive advantage. Such mutations then steadily accumulate at the expansion front bringing invasion to a halt. Our findings are a rare example of evolution driving the population into an unfavorable state and could lead to new strategies to combat unwelcome invaders. In addition, we obtain an exact analytical expression for the fitness advantage of mutants with different dispersal rates.PACS numbers: 87.23.Kg, 05.60.Cd, 64.60.-i, 87.23.Cc
Genetic diversity on the human X chromosome does not support a strict pseudoautosomal boundary
Authors: Cotter Daniel J. , Brotman Sarah M. , Wilson Sayres Melissa A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUnlike the autosomes, recombination between the X chromosome and Y chromosome often thought to be constrained to two small pseudoautosomal regions (PARs) at the tips of each sex chromosome. The PAR1 spans the first 2.7 Mb of the proximal arm of the human sex chromosomes, while the much smaller PAR2 encompasses the distal 320 kb of the long arm of each sex chromosome. In addition to the PAR1 and PAR2, there is a human-specific X-transposed region that was duplicated from the X to the Y. The X-transposed region is often not excluded from X-specific analyses, unlike the PARs, because it is not thought to routinely recombine. Genetic diversity is expected to be higher in recombining regions than in non-recombining regions because recombination reduces the effect of linked selection. In this study, we investigate patterns of genetic diversity in noncoding regions across the entire X chromosome of a global sample of 26 unrelated genetic females. We observe that genetic diversity in the PAR1 is significantly greater than the non-recombining regions (nonPARs). However, rather than an abrupt drop in diversity at the pseudoautosomal boundary, there is a gradual reduction in diversity from the recombining through the non-recombining region, suggesting that recombination between the human sex chromosomes spans across the currently defined pseudoautosomal boundary. In contrast, diversity in the PAR2 is not significantly elevated compared to the nonPAR, suggesting that recombination is not obligatory in the PAR2. Finally, diversity in the X-transposed region is higher than the surrounding nonPAR regions, providing evidence that recombination may occur with some frequency between the X and Y in the XTR.
Mixed approach in creating a university union catalogue
Authors: Boberić-Krstićev Danijela , Tešendić Danijela 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to present the software architecture of the university’s union catalogue in Novi Sad, Serbia. The university’s union catalogue would comprise the collections of 14 academic libraries.

Design/methodology/approach
– The basis of this paper is a case study of developing a software solution for the union catalogue of the University of Novi Sad in Serbia. The solution principles of object-oriented modelling are applied to describe the software architecture. Specifically, the unified modeling language (UML) component and sequence diagrams are used. The database model is described by using a physical data model.

Findings
– Through the research of related papers and, taking into consideration the problem of creating a university union catalogue, it is concluded that the best approach is to combine the idea of a virtual and a physical union catalogue. Records are stored in one physical union catalogue, while the holdings data are stored in the local library management systems (LMSs) organized in the form of virtual union catalogues. Because academic libraries often use LMSs from different vendors, interoperable communication between those LMSs and the union catalogue is provided through the usage of standard library protocols for information retrieval (Search and Retrieve URL [SRU], SRU Record Update and NISO Circulation Interchange Protocol [NCIP]).

Research limitations/implications
– The development of a union catalogue for the University of Novi Sad is in its test phase, and, at this moment, only a software solution supporting the functionalities of a union catalogue has been created.

Practical implications
– By introducing a university union catalogue, students would be able to search the collections of all the university libraries by using a single portal. Their results would indicate whether a book is available and from which library it is available to borrow.

Originality/value
– Originality of this software architecture lies in the usage of standard library protocols. The described architecture enables the addition of new members to the university union catalogue, regardless of which LMS the library uses.
Electronic library services acceptance and use
Authors: Awwad Mohammad Sulieman , Al-Majali Sawsan Mohammad 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to apply the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) model in the context of electronic library services in public Jordanian universities. This study investigated the determinants of use behaviour (UB) regarding electronic library services, and the moderating effects of age, gender, experience, education level and academic discipline on the relationships between the determinants and behavioural intention (BI).

Design/methodology/approach
– Quantitative data were collected, through a questionnaire instrument from a sample of 575 students. Statistical analysis of the study’s model was conducted using the structural equation modelling technique.

Findings
– Empirical examination of the model’s hypotheses indicated that students’ “intention to use” electronic library services is dependent on performance expectancy (PE), effort expectancy (EE) and social influence (SI), while students’ “use behaviour” is dependent on facilitating conditions (FCs) and intention to use. The effect of PE on BI was significant for younger, undergraduate and social sciences discipline students, while EE was significant for older and applied discipline students.

Practical implications
– Library directors should design promotional campaigns directed to younger, undergraduate and social academic discipline studentsto promote the efficiency of electronic libraries. Faculty members can be targeted with these promotional campaigns to exert influence on the desired effect on students’ intentions toward using the electronic library. Easier-to-use technology and training courses for older and applied academic discipline students are necessary. It is important to ensure that the physical facilities and technical support provide students with needed assistance. Online help should be available.

Originality/value
– This study empirically validated the UTAUT model in the context of electronic library services within an Arab culture. The study also investigated the moderating effects of students’ characteristics, including age, gender and experience, in addition to education level and academic discipline, as new affects.
The validity of Bradford’s Law in academic electronic mailing lists
Authors: Faba-Pérez Cristina , Cordero-González Ana-María 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper was to check the validity of Bradford’s Law in the contemporary world of academic electronic mailing lists.

Design/methodology/approach
– The present research study applied Bradford’s Law to academic electronic mailing lists to determine: whether, on the Internet, mailing lists and the posts sent to them follow the same distribution as scientific journals and the articles published in them with respect to the original form of Bradford’s Law; and whether the behaviour of the Bradford distributions differs depending on the type of academic discipline (social studies or sciences) and subject category (documentation and education, medicine and life sciences) to which the list belongs. As a prior step, the utility of mailing lists was analysed during the 10-year period of 2002-2011, together with their expected future in terms of ratifying the applicability of the Law.

Findings
– The results showed that, in general, electronic mailing lists are continuing to be used, and that Bradford’s Law is indeed satisfied, especially in the science subject categories, coherent with the fact that Bradford’s Law in cybermetrics holds only for fairly narrow (closed) and well-defined (homogeneous) environments.

Originality/value
– The originality of the present research study was to check the validity of the historic Bradford’s Law in the contemporary world of Internet.
Development and evaluation of the mobile library service system success model
Authors: Huang Yueh-Min , Pu Ying-Hong , Chen Tzung-Shi , Chiu Po-Sheng 
Published: December 2015

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to develop and analyse the usage status, level of satisfaction and success model of a mobile library service system in Taiwan. The research results could serve as a reference for the development, evaluation and improvement of libraries’ mobile services.

Design/methodology/approach
– This study designed a mobile library service system and used the informational system success model to evaluate its use status and level of satisfaction and, thus, to develop a success model for a mobile library service system.

Findings
– Results showed that students’ level of satisfaction with the mobile library service system had a positive correlation with the usage status indicated that the system could help them to improve their work efficiency, such as by reducing time spent searching for books and cost of obtaining electronic resources. The students also expressed a willingness to continue using the mobile library service system.

Practical implications
– In general, the students thought that the mobile library service system could reduce the time needed to search for book-related information, but that the service quality should be improved. Therefore, this study suggests that the education and training of system service personnel should be enhanced and that easy-to-use functions be provided to promote the users’ level of satisfaction and willingness to use the system.

Originality/value
– This study developed a mobile library service system and invited students studying in the National University of Tainan, in southern Taiwan, to be the subjects in an experiment, with a goal to evaluate the success of a model mobile library. The findings showed that the overall explanatory power (R2) of this model was 55 per cent and, thus, that the findings of this work have practical significance.