bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Association of Plasma Fractalkine and Inflammation After Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Herminawati Lucia , Wijaya Andi , Arief Mansyur , As'ad Suryani 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Inflammation affects the brain after stroke with main functions to rapidly eliminate the source of the disturbance, remove damaged tissue and then restore tissue homeostasis. High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a sensitive marker of inflammation and tissue injury in the arterial wall, while fractalkine is a distinct chemokine that promotes inflammatory signaling after neuronal death on ischemic stroke. We aim to investigate the association of fractalkine with hsCRP as a marker of inflammation in ischemic stroke patients.METHODS: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. Soon after patients with ischemic stroke admitted to hospital, plasma fractalkine and hsCRP concentrations were assesed. Subjects had to be at least 30 years old and maximum 30 days of stroke onset. High inflammation was defined as hsCRP value >3 mg/L.RESULTS: High fractalkine levels were found on 24 ischemic stroke patients (49%) and mean of fractalkine 0.719 ng/mL on patients with stroke onset <7 days was higher than patients with stroke onset 7-30 days. Low fractalkine levels (<0.527 ng/mL) were found on ischemic stroke patients with onset 7-30 days accompanied by high inflammation (hsCRP >3 mg/L), but no significant correlation between fractalkine and hsCRP (p=0.613).CONCLUSION: High inflammation and low plasma fractalkine profile was found after 7 days of onset in ischemic stroke patients. No significant correlation between fractalkine and hsCRP in ischemic stroke patients.KEYWORDS: CRP, fractalkine, inflammation, ischemic stroke
Comparison of The Means of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Region (mAgNOR) Pre- and Post-Therapy in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients at Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital Makassar
Authors: Kuhuwael Freddy George , Perkasa Muhammad Fadjar , Miskad Upik Anderiani , Punagi Abdul Qadar , Said Fatmawati Arsyad 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is malignant tumor growing in nasopharynx with a predilection in fossa Rossenmuller and nasopharyngeal roof. This research aimed to prove whether the means of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (mAgNOR) can predict the success of treatment in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients.METHODS: We used diagnostic test method with longitudinal design and purposive sampling technique. Endoscopic biopsy examination was performed on 15 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients before and after therapy, 13 patients underwent chemotherapy and other two underwent chemoradiotherapy. Tumor tissues were stained and AgNOR was calculated.RESULTS: Based on the tumor stage, sample characteristic showed 3 patients (20%) were in stage II, 3 patients (20%) in stage III, and 9 patients (60%) in stage IV, with pre- and post-therapy mAgNOR were 1.610±0.988 and 1.000±0.000, respectively in stage II, 1.100±0.092 and 1.000±0.000, respectively in stage III, 1.226±0.265 and 1.107±0.164, respectively in stage IV patients. Based on histopathology type, 4 patients (26.7%) had non keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma with pre- and post-therapy mAgNOR were 1.117±0.134 and 1.060±0.120, respectively, while 11 patients (73.3%) had undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma with pre- and post-therapy mAgNOR were 1.335±0.528 and 1.065±0.146, respectively. Overall the pre-therapy were significantly higher than post-therapy mAgNOR. In subgroups there are significant differences in stage IV and type 3.CONCLUSION: The values of AgNOR were decreased in all NPC stages and significantly decreased in undifferentiated squamous cell carcinoma. AgNOR can be used to predict the successfulness of therapy in NPC.KEYWORDS: nasopharyngeal carcinoma, therapy, proliferation, mAgNOR
Modified Glasgow-Blatchford Bleeding Score as an Alternative Predictors of Severity for Non-Variceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Abdullah Taufiq , Siswanto Siswanto , Pratomo Bogi 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a frequent cause of emergency hospital admissions. Despite the dependency of most risk scoring systems for this disorder, the Glasgow-Blatchford bleeding score (GBS) is based on simple variables. This research intended for investigate the accuracy of a modified GBS (mGBS) to predict the severity of non-variceal UGIB.METHODS: Study conducted in Emergency Department of Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, from November 2012 to April 2013. Endoscopy performed between 12-24 hours after the patient stabilized. Sixty patients diagnosed were included. The accuracy of the mGBS in predicting the severity of non-variceal UGIB was compared with the full GBS using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The severity based on high risk in mGBS score compared by Forrest classification.RESULTS: For prediction of the severity of non-variceal UGIB, the GBS (AUC 0.947, 95% CI 0.87-1.03) had a slightly than the mGBS (AUC 0.943, 95% CI 0.86-1.02, p<0.01). Compared to the GBS, the mGBS was more specific (63% and 97%, respectively) but less sensitive (96% and 84%, respectively).CONCLUSION: The mGBS is an alternative diagnostic tool in predicting the severity of non-variceal UGIB.KEYWORDS: non variceal-UGIB, GBS, modified GBS
Incidence and Self-Care of Nausea and Vomiting Among Pregnant Women Attending a Maternal Clinic
Authors: Ufuoma Shalom Ahwinahwi  , Valentine Uche Odili  , Ojevwe Esirorie  
Published: August 2016

Nausea and vomiting (NVP) of pregnancy are common among women. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the self- care measures adopted by women attending a maternal clinic. A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out utilizing an interviewer-administered questionnaire to consenting pregnant women attending the maternal clinic of Central Hospital, Agbor; Delta state – Nigeria. Of the 521 gravid women included in the study, 221 (42.4%) were within the age group of 27 and 32 years and had secondary level of education 238(45.7%).The mean gravidity of the participants was 2.68±1.54, mean gestational age at the time of the study was 24.68 weeks ± 7.40 and the mean gestational age at which nausea and vomiting were observed, and was 6.30 weeks ± 3.82. Three hundred and fifteen (60.5%) of the women experienced the symptoms of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. Taking “bitterkola” (Garcinia kola) (22.9%) either alone or in combination with other substances was the most frequently occurring measure to control nausea and vomiting. Other measures taken included taking “native chalk” (18.8%), Ginger (5.6%) bitter leaves (Amygdala vernonia) (7.6%), fruits (19.9%), chewing gum (4.7%), taking sweets (9.4%), taking drugs (3.7%) and rest (4.7%).Over 20% of the study population with nausea and vomiting opined that nausea and vomiting had a negative impact on their lives; however only 7.5% are discouraged from getting pregnant as a result of nausea and vomiting. Use of self-care measures was associated with educational level of the respondents (P=0.004). The rate of nausea and vomiting was high in the studied participants and Bitterkola (Garcinia kola) was the most commonly used agent for its prevention. The respondents who experienced nausea and vomiting reported its huge negative impact on their lives.
A Fair and Competitive Drilling and Workover Services Assignment Process
Authors: Amer Mustafa , Ilya Ibrahim , Ali Abdullah , Amir Ali , Muhaisen Abdullah 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
An essential element for business success is to secure the best quality services from external providers at the lowest possible cost, which is a challenge not only for operating companies but also for service providers. This challenge is becoming more important for D&WO business, which is a major services consumer. NOCs strive to create a competitive and fair environment to encourage long-term business partnerships with service providers through a transparent process to assign more than 13 D&WO services.
A new process put into practice in the last 2 years, objectively evaluates service providers based on measurable criteria that include the pricing schema, historical performance, HSE compliance, and nationalization compliance of all providers against their contractual obligations. To assure the integrity of the process, an application was developed to fully automate the process, starting with the collection of data from its original sources to evaluate the service providers, through the electronic approval of the final assignment by management.
The application, Automated Services Assignment System (ASAS), provides different functionalities that allow seamless integration of different data sources like performance data from drilling rig morning reports and rig activity scheduling from a corporate database. It evaluates and ranks service providers automatically and provides an automated workflow for approving the services assignment based on a hybrid business model (standard process, service packaging, or lump sum turnkey), and allowing the adoption of additional business requirements during the execution phase through automated change request functionality.
The process and the application enabled D&WO organizations to respond to dynamic changes in their business by running as many scenarios as needed to identify the best business approach, with potential cost savings up to 15 percent (initial rough estimate). Effective management of the process delivers time savings up to 40 percent, compared to the manual process.
Implementing multidimensional evaluation criteria strengthens the credibility and integrity of the process compared to evaluations done based upon single criterion, such as cost or performance. In addition, this automated system combines three different business models seamlessly; capitalizes on corporate official records for drilling operations, HSE, and rig schedule; and enforces comprehensive business rules.
Achieving Zonal Isolation Objectives in Carbon Dioxide Rich Gas Production Environment in South East Asia
Authors: Chikara T. , Salehpour A. , Azwar C. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Constructing wells in reservoirs with high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a challenge in itself. In South East Asia region drilling campaign in a high-CO2 reservoir was made even more difficult because of high well deviation, long production sections, a narrow drilling window, and loss of circulation. Prior attempts to develop the field established that this reservoir would not be easily exploited. One complicating factor was that the reservoir has multiple stacked layers of sand up to 8 zones in each well, These zones have different pressure regimes that are spread out in the reservoir section of average 3,000 meters per well. Effective mud removal is essential to achieve zonal isolation in these wells because mud left behind the cement will likely result in communication between the zones. In order to realize the long-term production plans for these offshore wells, the operator needed a fit-for-purpose cementing solution.
The operator was able to successfully overcome the aforementioned challenges and successfully cement seven wells using a system that incorporate blast furnace slag (BFS). The wells were drilled with a jackup rig in a water depth of 90 m [274 ft]. A cement evaluation log and the absence of sustained casing pressure confirm that there have been no zonal isolation concerns since the first well started producing in November 2013. The BFS system has proven to be cost effective and has the added advantage of being compatible with the existing cementing equipment without any special modifications.
Effective Calculation Model of Drilling Fluids Density and ESD for HTHP Well While Drilling
Authors: Zhou H. , Niu X. , Fan H. , Wang G. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Drilling wells for oil/gas has been increasingly challenging with the companies moving towards difficult environments, such as in Tarim basin of China, some reservoirs buried so deeply (&gt;7,000m) that we experience high temperature and pressure. The problems faced in these locations range from very narrow margin between pore (or collapse) and fracture pressure. The density of drilling fluid is often affected by HTHP, the careful research on the drilling fluids density at HTHP is very important for precisely predicting ESD as well as controlling the downhole pressure. A utility calculation model of drilling fluids density and ESD was proposed, which can predict the HTHP density and ESD.
Firstly, a new utility artificial neural network HTHP drilling fluid density prediction model was established based on the traditional BP neural network and PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) optimization method. Then PSO-BP neural network HTHP drilling fluid density prediction model was proposed, in which the influence of drilling fluid component (oil phase, water phase volume fraction) was taken into account. Available experimental measurements of water-based and oil-based drilling fluids at pressure ranging from 0-96MPa and temperatures up to 183°C were used to develop and the PSO-BP network model and then the network weights, threshold parameters. Through this model the high-precision HTHP drilling fluids density can be obtained easily with the knowledge of the drilling fluids component data (oil phase and water phase volume fractions) and its density at standard conditions(0MPa, 20°C) based on the basic principle of PSO-BP network. Moreover, an new comprehensive ESD calculation model of HTHP well was established, which is applicable for all common type drilling fluids and through we can obtained the ESD profile of the well easily.
The prediction of this model has been compared with an extensive set of data from literature, the comparisons of different fluids density in HTHP show very good agreement, the prediction accuracy was improved, and in which the maximum average absolute error of predictions is less than 0.005sg. Finally, the proposed model has been applied for HTHP drilling fluids density and ESD prediction in several wells of the Tarim basin in China, the results show that the proposed model can exactly provide the HTHP drilling fluids density and ESD profile.
This study proposed an utility calculation of HTHP drilling fluids density and ESD profile while drilling, based on the new PSO-BP neural network, the optimal network weights, threshold parameters of was obtained, through which the high-precision drilling fluids density and ESD can be obtained easily. Moreover, the model has been verified and applied for field monitoring. Therefore, this model can be applied to provide more accurate predictions of HTHP drilling fluids density and ESD while drilling.
Optimizing Offshore Infill Drilling: Application of Conductor Sharing and Casing Drilling Techniques
Authors: Terimo Jumasri , Zaman Hazim Kamarul , Pallath George , Cherchawankul Teerasak , Costeno Hugo , Djohor Mohamed , Mokhti Ridzuan , Gonzalez Luis D. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This paper describes the application of casing drilling technique for the top hole section in conductor sharing wells in a brown field, offshore Malaysia. Its objective is to describe the integration of the casing drilling technique and the conductor sharing design when used in conjunction. It is intended to share the challenges faced during the design and execution phases of the project, the solutions analyzed and applied; as well as the outcome and learnings.
In this case study, the conductor sharing design makes it possible to maximize the well capacity of the offshore drilling platforms by accommodating multiple wells per drilling slot. The casing drilling technique is implemented to manage drilling risks related to wellbore stability, losses and shallow gas. The feasibility for combining the two technologies is evaluated during the planning stage by reviewing the documented previous industry experience of the two technologies, combined or separate; while local knowledge is analyzed to ensure all drilling factors are considered.
Solutions to challenges such as wells interface inside the shared conductor, directional control, losses, cement design and placement techniques, well control, operational procedures and time and cost efficiency are analyzed. The execution results are analyzed by comparing design estimations and assumptions with field data and actual results. These data is translated then into recommendations and lessons learnt. The conclusions of this case study are presented as a set of design work, drilling practices and risk analyses processes and their results that can be replicated or considered in future wells design where conductor sharing and casing drilling are to be implemented together.
While several individual studies of particular conductor sharing wells configurations, casing drilling and well construction techniques are available, the present work discusses one of the few applications to date where conductor sharing and directional casing drilling technologies are combined to address specific offshore challenges. The team considers of paramount importance that the knowledge obtained on this very specific combination of two technologies is documented and shared within industry professionals to provide reference for future applications.
Time-Based Drilling Dynamics Modeling Provided BHA Solutions to Motor Development
Authors: Shi Jibin , Shen Yuelin , Zheng Guishui , Xu Gang 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In several shale plays in North America (for example, the Eagle Ford), a common trajectory for 8.5-in or 8.75-in section consists of vertical, curve, and lateral sections. When running conventional positive displacement motors (PDMs), these sections are drilled in several trips. A new motor was developed to drill the vertical, curve, and lateral in a single run, eliminating trips and reducing drilling times. This new motor has a short bit-to-bend distance with higher dogleg severity (DLS) capability at lower bend angle settings. New high torque transmission and driveshaft were designed to pair with specially developed high torque power sections to achieve improved performance and tool life. When developing the new motor, a question arose about stabilizer placement because it greatly impacts wellbore quality, directional tendency, and toolface control. Traditional methods such as laboratory testing and static analysis were not able to provide sufficient insight; therefore time-based drilling dynamics analysis was used to design the optimal BHA for this new motor.
The time-based drilling dynamics simulation considers the effect of cutting structures and the transient dynamics of the drillstring. The cutting element and rock interaction was considered, enabling 3D bottom hole geometry to be calculated based on rock removal. Extended length of drilling can be mimicked and the wellbore surface quality and directional tendency can be evaluated. An optimal BHA was selected for this application based on simulation results.
The new short bit-to-bend motor and the proposed BHA design were tested in several basins in US land. In South Texas, the first three runs all reached total depth (TD) with high rate of penetration, showing excellent reliability and significantly improved performance. The only concern was that the toolface angle was not easily controllable when it kicked off near the Austin Chalk Formation. A simulation scenario was designed to mimic the motor drilling in such a transitional formation. Results revealed that sudden toolface angle change occurs when there is a sudden change in rock type and strength. The BHA was optimized accordingly based on the learnings from the study. The improved BHA was tested in the five following field runs and showed a step change in toolface control. Based on the successful field test runs, this short bit-to-bend motor was commercialized in March 2014.
Time-based drilling dynamic simulation provided a novel and unique solution to directional drilling using PDMs, delivering insights not achievable using traditional methods. The BHA design using such technique is one of the keys to successful motor development.
A New High-Temperature Shear-Tolerant Supramolecular Viscoelastic Fracturing Fluid
Authors: Jiang Qihui , Jiang Guancheng , Wang Chunlei , Zhu Qi , Yang Lili , Wang Le , Zhang Xianmin , Liu Chong 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The properties of novel supramolecular complex fracturing fluid are discussed in this paper. Based on the supramolecular polymer thickener (SMPT), the thickening system forms a gel with viscoelastic surfactant (VES) wormlike micelles through experimental design. The resultant gel contains very efficient cross-links between the wormlike micelles and polymer chains that can be advantages in elastic and viscous properties of the fluid.
The fracturing fluid contains nearly twentieth of conventional surfactant fracturing fluid. Both VES and SMPT synergistically enhance the shear-tolerant property in high-temperature much more than the single. The electron microscopy photos of the solution microstructure and rheological results reveal the suitable ratio of SMPT and VES forms a supramolecular network honeycomb structure, which is built by strong hyper-branched compound structures through noncovalent interactions. Meanwhile, the physical model can legitimately expound the gelation mechanism of the supramolecular viscoelastic gel. Moreover, proppant suspension behavior, gel breaking test and the permeability damage rate of core matrix were studied.
Laboratory data showed that the viscosity of new fluid could be maintained above 50 cp with the formation of 0.8%SMPT and 0.5%VES. The steady shear viscosity test has been conducted for 2 hours at 150 °C and 170s−1. Shear restoration experiment proved the new supramolecular viscoelastic fluid was in high viscosity at low shear rate and a strong reversible shear thinning behavior. The dynamic rheological properties showed high viscoelasticity, while elastic modulus was higher than loss moduli at an oscillation frequency 0.01Hz. The result of sand sedimentation experiment with 20% sand ratio was well. The supramolecular viscoelastic fluid was completely broken and gel breaking liquid was transparent with no water insoluble residue. The permeability damage rate of core matrix caused by this fracturing fluid was 20% less than guar fluid.
The supramolecular viscoelastic fluid presents in this paper could be a total or partial alternative to VES and guar for hydraulic fracturing whose price is subjected to harvest areas. Results show that the new supramolecular viscoelastic fluid is an effective fracturing fluid satisfies high temperature tight gas reservoir.