bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing conflict between large carnivores and livestock
Authors: van Eeden Lily M. , Crowther Mathew S. , Dickman Chris R. , Macdonald David W. , Ripple William J. , Ritchie Euan G. , Newsome Thomas M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLarge carnivores are persecuted globally because they threaten human industries and livelihoods. How this conflict is managed has consequences for the conservation of large carnivores and biodiversity more broadly. Mitigating human–predator conflict should be evidence‐based and accommodate people's values while protecting carnivores. Despite much research into human and large‐carnivore coexistence strategies, there have been few attempts to document the success of conflict‐mitigation strategies on a global scale. We conducted a meta‐analysis of global research on conflict mitigation related to large carnivores and humans. We focused on conflicts that arise from the threat large carnivores pose to livestock. We first used structured and unstructured searching to identify replicated studies that used before–after or control–impact design to measure change in livestock loss as a result of implementing a management intervention. We then extracted relevant data from these studies to calculate an overall effect size for each intervention type. Research effort and focus varied among continents and aligned with the histories and cultures that shaped livestock production and attitudes toward carnivores. Livestock guardian animals most effectively reduced livestock losses. Lethal control was the second most effective control, although its success varied the most, and guardian animals and lethal control did not differ significantly. Financial incentives have promoted tolerance of large carnivores in some settings and reduced retaliatory killings. We suggest coexistence strategies be location‐specific, incorporate cultural values and environmental conditions, and be designed such that return on financial investment can be evaluated. Improved monitoring of mitigation measures is urgently required to promote effective evidence‐based policy.
In vitro detection of chemical allergens: an optimized assay using mouse bone marrow‐derived dendritic cells
Authors: Battais Fabrice , Huppert Cécile , Langonné Isabelle , Muller Samuel , Sponne Isabelle 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundIdentification of the allergenic potency of chemicals is a key step in the safety assessment process. Predictive assays that require no or few animals are needed.ObjectivesTo develop an alternative in vitro mouse bone marrow‐derived dendritic cell (BMDC) assay to determine the allergenic potential of chemicals.MethodsBMDCs were exposed to well‐known allergens and to non‐allergenic chemicals. Surface marker expression and cytokine release of BMDCs were analysed after treatment.ResultsEleven tested chemicals showed a significant stimulation index (SI) of >1.5 (accuracy, 75%; sensitivity, 69%). The four non‐allergens all showed a SI of <1.5. Eight contact allergens tested showed a significant SI of >1.5 (accuracy, 92%; sensitivity, 89%), whereas only two respiratory allergens showed a significant SI of >1.5 (accuracy, 60%; sensitivity, 33%).ConclusionsThe results indicate that the BMDC assay could become a reliable test for assessment of the allergenic potential of chemicals. The next step should include the testing of further chemicals, with the aim of integrating this assay into the toolbox of in vitro methods for the evaluation of the allergenic potential of chemicals.
Lymphatic invasion predicts sentinel lymph node metastasis and adverse outcome in primary cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Moy Andrea P , Mochel Mark C , Muzikansky Alona , Duncan Lyn M , Kraft Stefan 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundSentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis is a powerful predictor of survival in primary cutaneous melanoma. Lymphatic invasion (LI) may correlate with increased risk of SLN metastasis. Intralymphatic metastases, often difficult to detect on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained sections, are readily identified with dual immunohistochemistry for melanocytic and lymphatic markers.MethodsWe used dual S100/D240 immunohistochemistry to detect LI in 125 melanomas from patients who underwent SLN biopsy and correlated LI with melanoma staging parameters and disease status.ResultsDual immunohistochemistry allowed for the identification of LI in 33 cases (26%), compared to only 2% on H&E stained sections. Melanomas with LI showed greater thickness, higher mitotic rate and more frequent ulceration. Eleven of 33 cases with LI (33%) and 10 of 92 cases without LI (11%) were associated with a positive SLN (P = .006). More patients without LI were disease‐free at last follow‐up (80%) than patients with LI (50%; P = .002); LI was significantly associated with decreased progression‐free survival.ConclusionThe detection of LI is improved by dual immunohistochemistry and predicts SLN metastasis. The presence of LI may impact therapeutic planning in melanoma, such as the decision to perform a SLN biopsy.
Reliability of the Assisting Hand Assessment in adolescents
Authors: Louwers Annoek , Krumlinde‐Sundholm Lena , Boeschoten Karin , Beelen Anita 
Published: May 2017

AimTo investigate the interrater and test–retest reliability of the Assisting Hand Assessment in adolescents (Ad‐AHA) with cerebral palsy (CP) and to evaluate the alternate‐form reliability of different test activities.MethodParticipants were 112 adolescents with unilateral CP (60 males, 52 females; mean age 14y 5mo [standard deviation {SD} 2y 8mo], Manual Ability Classification System levels I–III). Reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), smallest detectable change (SDC), and Bland–Altman plots.ResultsICCs for interrater (n=38) and test–retest reliability (n=31) were excellent: 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–0.98) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.98–0.99) respectively. The alternate‐form reliability of different test activities was excellent for children (age 10–12y, n=30) performing the School‐Kids AHA and Ad‐AHA Board Game 0.99 (95% CI 0.98–0.99) and for adolescents (age 13–18y) performing the Ad‐AHA Board Game compared to the Ad‐AHA Present (n=28) 0.99 (95% CI 0.95–0.98), or the Ad‐AHA Sandwich (n=29) 0.99 (95% CI 0.98–0.99) tasks. SDC for test–retest was 4.5 AHA‐units.InterpretationAd‐AHA scores are consistent across different raters and occasions. The good alternate‐form reliability indicates that the different test activities can be used interchangeably in adolescents with unilateral CP. Differences greater than or equal to 5 AHA‐units can be considered a change beyond measurement error. The use of logit based AHA‐units makes change comparable for persons at different ability levels.
THRIVE score predicts clinical and radiological outcome after endovascular therapy or thrombolysis in patients with anterior circulation stroke in everyday clinical practice
Authors: Kastrup A. , Brunner F. , Hildebrandt H. , Roth C. , Winterhalter M. , Gießing C. , Papanagiotou P. 
Published: May 2017

Background and purposeBased on the data of several trials the Totaled Health Risks in Vascular Events (THRIVE) score has been shown to predict outcome after either intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) or endovascular therapy (ET) in acute stroke patients. It is unknown whether the THRIVE score can also predict outcome in everyday clinical practice. Using our prospectively obtained stroke database the utility of the THRIVE score to predict clinical and radiological outcome in everyday clinical practice was analysed.MethodsThe relationships between THRIVE and good outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≤ 2 at discharge), poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale 5–6), in‐hospital death, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (SICH) as well as infarct size were examined in patients with distal intracranial carotid artery, M1 and M2 occlusions after either IVT or ET.ResultsFrom January 2008 to October 2016 a total of 546 patients were treated with IVT and 492 patients received ET with stent retrievers (with or without IVT). In both treatment groups the THRIVE score predicted clinical outcome (Mantel−Haenszel chi‐squared tests for trend P < 0.001 for good outcome, P < 0.001 for poor outcome and P < 0.001 for in‐hospital death). In the ET group the THRIVE score remained an independent predictor of outcome after controlling for recanalization. The THRIVE score was associated with the infarct size after IVT or ET, whereas it did not predict SICH rates in either treatment group.ConclusionsIn everyday clinical practice the THRIVE score strongly predicts clinical outcome and the extent of ischaemia after ET or IVT in patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusions.
Migraine associated with altitude: results from a population‐based study in Nepal
Authors: Linde M. , Edvinsson L. , Manandhar K. , Risal A. , Steiner T. J. 
Published: May 2017

Background and purposeA 1988 pilot study in Peru suggested an association between migraine and chronic exposure to high altitude. This study provides epidemiological evidence corroborating this.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional nationwide population‐based study, a representative sample of Nepali‐speaking adults were recruited through stratified multistage cluster sampling. They were visited at home by trained interviewers using a culturally adapted questionnaire. The altitude of dwelling of each participant was recorded.ResultsOf 2100 participants, over half [1100 (52.4%)] were resident above 1000 m and almost one quarter [470 (22.4%)] at ≥2000 m. Age‐ and gender‐standardized migraine prevalence increased from 27.9% to 45.5% with altitude between 0 and 2499 m and thereafter decreased to 37.9% at ≥2500 m. The likelihood of having migraine was greater (odds ratio, 1.5–2.2; P ≤ 0.007) at all higher altitudes compared with <500 m. In addition, all symptom indices increased with altitude across the range <500 m to 2000–2499 m, i.e. median attack frequency from 1.3 to 3.0 days/month (P < 0.001), median duration from 9 to 24 h (P < 0.001) and pain intensity [the proportion reporting ‘bad pain’ (highest intensity)] from 35.5% to 56.9% (P = 0.011). Each of these showed a downward trend above 2500 m.ConclusionsDwelling at high altitudes increases not only migraine prevalence but also the severity of its symptoms.
Prevalence and evolutionary history of endosymbiont Wolbachia (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) in parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) associated with Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting carambola
Authors: Mohammed Muhamad Azmi , Aman‐Zuki Ameyra , Yusof Suhana , Md‐Zain Badrul Munir , Yaakop Salmah 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWolbachia endosymbiont is a maternally inherited bacteria that infects a wide range of hosts, including parasitoids and their respective hosts. In this study, a total of 171 individuals of braconid endoparasitoids, consisting of Fopius arisanus, F. vandenboschi, Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, Psyttalia sp.1, Psyttalia sp.2, P. fletcheri and P. incisi, and their host tephritid fruit flies of Bactrocera dorsalis, B. papayae and B. carambolae infesting carambola were screened molecularly by the Wolbachia surface protein (wsp) gene. Interestingly, 21 (24.14%) wsp gene sequences were successfully isolated from 87 braconid samples tested, showing a low infection rate of Wolbachia. However, despite the close ecological contact between parasitoids and their hosts, none of the tephritid individuals were infected by Wolbachia. A comparison of wsp and host mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences found that braconids did not cluster in connection with Wolbachia infection, suggesting that selective sweep has not yet occurred because Wolbachia may have recently infected the braconid populations in Peninsular Malaysia (≈0.1 MYA). Despite of relatively recent infections of Wolbachia, the history of Wolbachia infection into F. arisanus populations of Peninsular Malaysia is complex, involving at least two independent occasions of infection and two secondary losses.
Seven new species of Cis Latreille (Coleoptera: Ciidae) from southern Africa
Authors: Souza‐Gonçalves Igor , Lopes‐Andrade Cristiano 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHere we describe seven new species of Cis Latreille from southern Africa: Cis aster sp. nov., Cis makebae sp. nov., Cis mandelai sp. nov., Cis masekelai sp. nov., Cis neserorum sp. nov., Cis stalsi sp. nov. and Cis urbanae sp. nov. We also provide information on their host fungi and geographic distributions.
Soil mycorrhizal and nematode diversity vary in response to bioenergy crop identity and fertilization
Authors: Emery Sarah M. , Reid Matthew L. , Bell‐Dereske Lukas , Gross Katherine L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe mandate by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 to increase renewable fuel production in the USA has resulted in extensive research into the sustainability of perennial bioenergy crops such as switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) and miscanthus (Miscanthus× giganteus). Perennial grassland crops have been shown to support greater aboveground biodiversity and ecosystem function than annual crops. However, management considerations, such as what crop to plant or whether to use fertilizer, may alter belowground diversity and ecosystem functioning associated with these grasslands as well. In this study, we compared crop type (switchgrass or miscanthus) and nitrogen fertilization effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) and soil nematode abundance, activity, and diversity in a long‐term experiment. We quantified AMF root colonization, AMF extra‐radical hyphal length, soil glomalin concentrations, AMF richness and diversity, plant‐parasitic nematode abundance, and nematode family richness and diversity in each treatment. Mycorrhizal activity and diversity were higher with switchgrass than with miscanthus, leading to higher potential soil carbon contributions via increased hyphal growth and glomalin production. Plant‐parasitic nematode (PPN) abundance was 2.3 × higher in miscanthus plots compared to switchgrass, mostly due to increases in dagger nematodes (Xiphinema). The higher PPN abundance in miscanthus may be a consequence of lower AMF in this species, as AMF can provide protection against PPN through a variety of mechanisms. Nitrogen fertilization had minor negative effects on AMF and nematode diversity associated with these crops. Overall, we found that crop type and fertilizer application associated with perennial bioenergy cropping systems can have detectable effects on the diversity and composition of soil communities, which may have important consequences for the ecosystem services provided by these systems.
Factors affecting masticatory function of community‐dwelling older people: Investigation of the differences in the relevant factors for subjective and objective assessment
Authors: Takagi Daisuke , Watanabe Yutaka , Edahiro Ayako , Ohara Yuki , Murakami Masaharu , Murakami Kohji , Hironaka Shouji , Taniguchi Yu , Kitamura Akihiko , Shinkai Shoji , Hirano Hirohiko 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine relevant factors for subjective and objective assessment of masticatory functions and elucidate any differences between the two methods.BackgroundPrevious studies have reported that the results of subjective and objective assessment of masticatory function in older people do not necessarily agree.Materials and methodsThis study included 487 community‐dwelling Japanese older people (205 male and 282 female; mean age 74.1±6.3 years) who participated in a comprehensive geriatric health examination. Basic information (gender and age), higher level of competence in daily living, depression, subjective masticatory function (SMF) and objective masticatory function (OMF) assessments, cognitive function, skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, gait speed and oral status (number of remaining and functional teeth, mouth dryness and occlusal force) were recorded.ResultsMultiple logistic regression analysis showed that depression (odds ratio [OR]: 1.181, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.094‐1.275), mouth dryness (OR: 2.037, CI: 1.212‐3.423) and occlusal force (OR: 0.997, CI: 0.996‐0.999) were significantly associated with SMF, whereas higher level of competence in daily living (OR: 0.730 CI: 0.586‐0.910), skeletal muscle mass (OR: 0.521 CI: 0.283‐0.960), number of functional teeth (OR: 0.862 CI: 0.775‐0.959), number of remaining teeth (OR: 0.868 CI: 0.810‐0.930) and occlusal force (OR: 0.994, CI: 0.991‐0.998) were associated with OMF.ConclusionSubjective masticatory functionSMF and OMF were associated with different factors, suggesting that both mental and physical factors should be taken into consideration when treating decreased masticatory function.
Use of nystatin and chlorhexidine in oral medicine: Properties, indications and pitfalls with focus on geriatric patients
Authors: Scheibler Elusa , Garcia Maria Claudia Rosa , Medina da Silva Renata , Figueiredo Maria Antonia , Salum Fernanda Gonçalves , Cherubini Karen 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this work was to review the scientific literature on the properties, indications and pitfalls related to nystatin and chlorhexidine in oral medicine and also to compare these to other topical antifungal agents, considering the elderly population.BackgroundNystatin is a polyene antifungal widely used as a topical formulation to treat candidiasis, whereas chlorhexidine is a wide‐spectrum antimicrobial, especially used against bacteria, but also effective in treating some fungal infections including those caused by Candida spp. These compounds have been prescribed for immunocompromised patients, hospitalized or not, some of them undergoing head and neck radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy, including elderly patients.Materials and methodsDental and medical literature concerning the use of nystatin and chlorhexidine in oral medicine were selected and reviewed.ResultsNystatin and chlorhexidine are gold‐standard antimicrobial mouthrinses respectively for Candida spp. and bacteria. Although recognized as effective in cotrolling oral infections, both nystatin and chlorhexidine are just complementary to systemic therapy in cases of systemic infections already established. The prescriber should also take into account that some commercial nystatin and chlorhexidine formulations contain compounds such as sugar and ethanol, which can be associated with side effects. Meanwhile, alternative formulations in which these compounds are absent are available and should be considered.ConclusionsFurther studies investigating new drugs and interactions of drug combinations are necessary to improve the therapeutic management of oral infections.
The combination of overweight and smoking increases the severity of androgenetic alopecia
Authors: Fortes Cristina , Mastroeni Simona , Mannooranparampil Thomas J. , Ribuffo Marcella 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionEven though androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common type of alopecia, factors associated with AGA severity have been poorly investigated.ObjectivesThe objective of our study was to investigate risk factors for AGA severity among a Caucasian population.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted among AGA subjects in the outpatient clinic of a reference hospital for skin diseases in Rome, Italy. A total of 351 Caucasian subjects with AGA, mean age 35.6 years, were enrolled in the study. Information on educational level, family history of AGA, diet, alcohol consumption, the presence of chronic diseases, the use of pills including dietary supplements, BMI, and smoking was collected by a face‐to‐face interview using standardized questionnaires. Norwood and Ludwig classifications were used to assess the degree of AGA.ResultsSubjects with a BMI of 25 or more and current smokers had circa six times an increased risk of having moderate or severe AGA (OR: 6.72; 95% CI: 2.57–17.6). In the multivariate model, after controlling for gender, age, education, dyslipidemia, dietary supplements, and wine consumption, the effect of high BMI and smoking (OR: 5.96; 95% CI: 1.65–21.5) on AGA severity remained. Only age and gender, besides the effect of BMI and smoking, remained statistically significant in the multivariate model while education, the presence of dyslipidemia, dietary supplements, and wine consumption did not remain statistically significant.ConclusionsOur study shows that the combination of overweight and smoking is associated with an increased severity of androgenetic alopecia.
Marriage Migration Policy in South Korea: Social Investment beyond the Nation State
Authors: Kim Gyuchan , Kilkey Majella 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article seeks to contribute to understandings of South Korea's approach to marriage migration. Situating our analysis of marriage migration policy specifically within the recent emergence of a social investment approach to welfare, we bring together two bodies of literature that due to the methodological nationalism of much welfare state scholarship are usually treated separately. Through an examination of the policy framework governing marriage migration ‐ so‐called ‘multicultural family policies’ ‐ we find that successive Korean governments have actively sought female marriage migrants to perform various social reproductive roles as a means to secure the reproductive capacity of the nation, just as feminist scholars have argued the care work of citizen‐mothers can be understood. Our analysis also suggests that marriage migration policy in Korea constitutes a distinctly transnational dimension to its overall social investment approach, which is strongly motivated by concerns to reproduce the next generation of human capital.
Difficulties and practices regarding information provision among Korean and Italian nurses
Authors: Ingravallo F. , Kim K.H. , Han Y.H. , Volta A. , Chiari P. , Taddia P. , Kim J.S. 
Published: May 2017

AimTo investigate nurses’ opinions and practices of providing information in a global context through cultural comparison.Background and IntroductionProviding sufficient information to patients about nursing interventions and plans is essential for patient‐centred care. While many countries have specific legislation making information delivery to patients a legal duty of nurses, no such legislation exists in both the Republic of Korea and Italy; nurses’ only guidance is the deontological code.MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional survey study involving a convenience sample of 174 Korean nurses and 121 Italian nurses working in internal medicine and surgery at university hospitals. Data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire between February and November 2014. The questionnaire assessed demographic and professional characteristics, and difficulties and practices regarding information provision.ResultsKorean and Italian nurses significantly differed in all demographic and professional characteristics. More Korean than Italian participants reported that their role in providing information was well explained within their teams, but both groups reported the same level and type of difficulties in delivering information. Nurses in both countries regularly informed patients about medications and nursing procedures, but provided information about nursing care plans less frequently. Few nurses frequently provided information to relatives instead of patients.ConclusionsDespite cultural, demographic and professional differences between Korean and Italian nurses, their difficulties and practices in information delivery to patient were similar.Implications for nursing and health policyHospital managers and policymakers should be aware that nurse–patient communication can be impaired by organizational factors, patient characteristics or the interaction among providers. Educational interventions and strategies are needed to increase information provision to patients about nursing care plans.