bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk perceptions of Italian paediatricians for the impact of climate change on children’s health
Authors: Moraca Sara , Indinnimeo Luciana , De Nuntiis Paola 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Backgrounds
This study delves into the risk perceptions of Italian pediatricians concerning climate change's impact on children's health. Given children's heightened vulnerability to climate-related health risks, comprehending these perceptions is crucial. A review of pertinent literature establishes the framework, emphasizing six key factors influencing children's susceptibility to climate-related health hazards.

Methods
Methodologically, the study utilized a survey tool developed collaboratively with the Italian Society of Pediatrics (SIP), garnering responses from a representative sample of Italian pediatricians.

Results
Findings indicate a high level of awareness among respondents regarding climate change and its health implications, with a majority attributing it primarily to human activity. Pediatricians recognize various current and anticipated health impacts of climate change, notably concerning illnesses linked to outdoor air quality. Despite acknowledging their role in addressing climate-related health concerns, respondents also cite barriers to engagement, including time constraints and knowledge gaps. However, they express interest in resources like professional training and policy statements to bolster their capacity for effective communication and advocacy.

Conclusions
Comparisons with prior studies highlight the consistency of findings across diverse contexts and underscore the significance of integrating climate and environmental health education into medical training. Overall, this study sheds light on pediatricians' perspectives in tackling the convergence of climate change and children's health, pinpointing avenues for enhancing their involvement in climate advocacy and mitigation efforts.
Developing a process for assessing the safety of a digital mental health intervention and gaining regulatory approval: a case study and academic’s guide
Authors: Taher Rayan , Hall Charlotte L. , Bergin Aislinn D Gomez , Gupta Neha , Heaysman Clare , Jacobsen Pamela , Kabir Thomas , Kalnad Nayan , Keppens Jeroen , Hsu Che-Wei , McGuire Philip , Peters Emmanuelle , Shergill Sukhi , Stahl Daniel , Stock Ben Wensley , Yiend Jenny 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The field of digital mental health has followed an exponential growth trajectory in recent years. While the evidence base has increased significantly, its adoption within health and care services has been slowed by several challenges, including a lack of knowledge from researchers regarding how to navigate the pathway for mandatory regulatory approval. This paper details the steps that a team must take to achieve the required approvals to carry out a research study using a novel digital mental health intervention. We used a randomised controlled trial of a digital mental health intervention called STOP (Successful Treatment of Paranoia) as a worked example.

Methods
The methods section explains the two main objectives that are required to achieve regulatory approval (MHRA Notification of No Objection) and the detailed steps involved within each, as carried out for the STOP trial. First, the existing safety of digital mental health interventions must be demonstrated. This can refer to literature reviews, any feasibility/pilot safety data, and requires a risk management plan. Second, a detailed plan to further evaluate the safety of the digital mental health intervention is needed. As part of this we describe the STOP study’s development of a framework for categorising adverse events and based on this framework, a tool to collect adverse event data.

Results
We present literature review results, safety-related feasibility study findings and the full risk management plan for STOP, which addressed 26 possible hazards, and included the 6-point scales developed to quantify the probability and severity of typical risks involved when a psychiatric population receives a digital intervention without the direct support of a therapist. We also present an Adverse Event Category Framework for Digital Therapeutic Devices and the Adverse Events Checklist—which assesses 15 different categories of adverse events—that was constructed from this and used in the STOP trial.

Conclusions
The example shared in this paper serves as a guide for academics and professionals working in the field of digital mental health. It provides insights into the safety assessment requirements of regulatory bodies when a clinical investigation of a digital mental health intervention is proposed. Methods, scales and tools that could easily be adapted for use in other similar research are presented, with the expectation that these will assist other researchers in the field seeking regulatory approval for digital mental health products.
A patient-derived cell model for malignant transformation in IDH-mutant glioma
Authors: Kim Olga , Sergi Zach , Yu Guangyang , Yamamoto Kazutoshi , Quezado Martha , Abdullaev Zied , Crooks Danel R. , Kishimoto Shun , Li Qi , Lu Peng , Blackman Burchelle , Andresson Thorkell , Wu Xiaolin , Tran Bao , Wei Jun S. , Zhang Wei , Zhang Meili , Song Hua , Khan Javed , Krishna Murali C. , Brender Jeffrey R. , Wu Jing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMalignant transformation (MT) is commonly seen in IDH-mutant gliomas. There has been a growing research interest in revealing its underlying mechanisms and intervening prior to MT at the early stages of the transforming process. Here we established a unique pair of matched 3D cell models: 403L, derived from a low-grade glioma (LGG), and 403H, derived from a high-grade glioma (HGG), by utilizing IDH-mutant astrocytoma samples from the same patient when the tumor was diagnosed as WHO grade 2 (tumor mutational burden (TMB) of 3.96/Mb) and later as grade 4 (TMB of 70.07/Mb), respectively. Both cell models were authenticated to a patient’s sample retaining endogenous expression of IDH1 R132H. DNA methylation profiles of the parental tumors referred to LGG and HGG IDH-mutant glioma clusters. The immunopositivity of SOX2, NESTIN, GFAP, OLIG2, and beta 3-Tubulin suggested the multilineage potential of both models. 403H was more prompt to cell invasion and developed infiltrative HGG in vivo. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the RNA sequencing analysis revealed the tumor invasion and aggressiveness related genes exclusively upregulated in the 403H model. Pathway analysis showcased an enrichment of genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and Notch signaling pathways in 403H and 403L, respectively. Mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomics and hyperpolarized (HP) 1-13C pyruvate in-cell NMR analyses demonstrated significant alterations in the TCA cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Citrate, glutamine, and 2-HG levels were significantly higher in 403H. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the development of a matched pair of 3D patient-derived cell models representative of MT and temozolomide (TMZ)-induced hypermutator phenotype (HMP) in IDH-mutant glioma, providing insights into genetic and metabolic changes during MT/HMP. This novel in vitro model allows further investigation of the mechanisms of MT at the cellular level.
Graphic Abstract
Successful resection of a rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumor using a transperineal approach: a case report
Authors: Endo Yoki , Fukuoka Tatsunari , Ozawa Shintaro , Ishidate Takemi , Yonemitsu Ken , Seki Yuki , Kasashima Hiroaki , Miki Yuichiro , Yoshii Mami , Tamura Tatsuro , Shibutani Masatsune , Toyokawa Takahiro , Lee Shigeru , Maeda Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Rectal gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) complicate surgical approaches because of their anatomical position. We herein report a patient with rectal GIST on the anterior wall of the lower rectum, hat was successfully resected using a transperineal approach.

Case presentation
This report describes a unique case of a 73-year-old man who was diagnosed with rectal GIST on the anterior wall of the lower rectum. The tumor was located within 3 cm of the anal verge, a location that would require highly invasive surgery. A transperineal approach was planned to preserve the anal function. Under general anesthesia, the patient was placed in a lithotomy position and a Mercedes-Benz incision was made in the perineum. Excision of the tumor was performed. The post-operative course was uneventful, and the patient remained free from recurrence.

Conclusion
This case highlights the importance of performing minimally invasive and safe surgery. With some surgical refinements, a transperineal approach may be an option for surgical procedures in patients with rectal GIST on the anterior wall of the lower rectum.
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the Chichewa (Malawi) PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales child self-report and PedsQL™ 4.0 GCS teen self-report
Authors: Ngwira Lucky Gift , Maheswaran Hendramoorthy , Petrou Stavros , Niessen Louis W. , Smith Sarah C. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales (GSC) have been translated into over 60 languages, but use in the sub-Saharan African region is limited. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and validate the PedsQL™ 4.0 GCS child self-report and teen self-report versions into the Chichewa language for Malawi.

Methods
The English (USA) versions were adapted (translation, back translation and cognitive interviews to evaluate conceptual equivalence) into Chichewa. We recruited 289 children (8–17 years) in Blantyre, Malawi. Classical psychometrics at the item level (missing data, endorsement frequencies, item redundancy) and scale level (internal consistency, convergent, discriminant and known groups validity) was used to evaluate the new Chichewa versions.

Results
Six items were found to need cultural adaptation for Malawi. There were problems with missing data (< 5%) and adjacent endorsement frequency (< 10%) among younger children. Internal consistency reliability was acceptable (Cronbach α > 0.7). Convergent validity was generally strong (correlations > 0.4). Discriminant validity (p > 0.05) was evident with respect to gender and age, but not for school grade (p < 0.05). Effect sizes indicating known groups validity were in the expected direction but of variable magnitude.

Conclusion
We have successfully adapted the PedsQL™ 4.0 GCS child self-report and teen self-report into Chichewa for use in Malawi. Many aspects of the psychometric evaluation were promising, though some elements were more mixed and we have not yet been able to evaluate test-retest reliability or responsiveness. We suggest that the PedsQL™4.0 GCS child and teen self-reports should be used with caution among children and adolescents in Malawi.
Multiscale simulation of rarefied gas dynamics via direct intermittent GSIS-DSMC coupling
Authors: Luo Liyan , Wu Lei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe general synthetic iterative scheme (GSIS) has proven its efficacy in modeling rarefied gas dynamics, where the steady-state solutions are obtained after dozens of iterations of the Boltzmann equation, with minimal numerical dissipation even using large spatial cells. In this paper, the fast convergence and asymptotic-preserving properties of the GSIS are harnessed to remove the limitations of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. The GSIS, which leverages high-order constitutive relations derived from DSMC, is applied intermittently, which not only rapidly steers the DSMC towards steady state, but also eliminates the requirement that the cell size must be smaller than the molecular mean free path. Several numerical tests have been conducted to validate the accuracy and efficiency of this hybrid GSIS-DSMC approach.
Harnessing hazardous wastes: the production, characterization, and performance of controlled low strength materials using common effluent treatment plant sludge
Authors: Narasimhaprasad Skanda Kumar Bangalore , Cheluvegowda Chandre Gowda , Ramakrishnaiah Chandrashekar , Ramachandra Suhas , Mallikarjunaiah Sreenatha , Anantharamaiah Shashi Shankar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIndia's rapid industrialization has led to an increase in waste generation, necessitating efficient disposal methods. This research addresses this challenge by exploring the use of Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP) sludge, a hazardous waste, in the production of Controlled Low-Strength Materials (CLSM). The study aims to mitigate the environmental impacts associated with CETP sludge disposal while providing a sustainable solution. To assess the feasibility of this approach, an experimental program was conducted with variations in the mix ratio of CETP sludge and slag sand, a byproduct of steel production. The properties of the produced CLSM, such as flowability and unconfined compressive strength (UCS), were thoroughly examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-ray Diffraction, and X-ray Fluorescence analyses. The results reveal that the CLSM produced with CETP sludge and slag sand exhibits promising performance, with excellent flowability and UCS values ranging from 1.8 to 5.5 MPa. This research underscores the potential of waste materials in creating sustainable and environmentally friendly construction materials, contributing to effective waste management practices and sustainable industrial growth.
LC–MS/MS-QTOF analysis of Anodendron parviflorum (Roxb.) leaves extract and exploring its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic potential
Authors: Sharmila Arunagiri , Selvaraj Chinnadurai Immanuel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Traditional medicine claims that Anodendron parviflorum has benefits for treating various human diseases. The present study seeks to understand better the phytochemical and LC–MS/MS-QTOF profiling of A. parviflorum's ethanolic extract and to investigate the properties of the different solvents of A. parviflorum for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, toxicity, and cytotoxic effects.

Results
The quantitative methods exhibited higher total phenolics (327.16 ± 2.4 mg GAE/g dw), total flavonoid (109.82 ± 1.9 mg QE/g dw), and total alkaloid (14.13 ± 0.09%) content in ethanol extract. In contrast, a higher total extraction value (22.8 ± 0.6%) and total terpenoid (57.23 ± 0.06 mg LL/g dw) content was shown in the methanol extract of A. parviflorum. LC–MS/MS-QTOF analysis of its ethanolic extract revealed a notable occurrence of phenols and flavonoids. The ethanolic extract of A. parviflorum exhibited significant antioxidant activities with lower IC50 values in DPPH, phosphomolybdenum, and metal chelating and reducing power assay. The methanolic extract of A. parviflorum had the more significant anti-inflammatory property (94.55 ± 0.1%) in the bovine serum albumin assay. The extracts also demonstrated a higher inhibition zone against pathogenic bacteria. The ethanolic extract of A. parviflorum demonstrated substantial cytotoxicity against A549 cells.

Conclusion
Consequently, these findings validate the use of A. parviflorum in traditional medical practices due to its bioactive compounds, which may have potential therapeutic value in various biomedical applications.

Highlights

A. parviflorum leaves extract showed the presence of significant levels of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, and terpenoids.

LC–MS/MS-QTOF analysis revealed notable bioactive compounds of A. parviflorum.

The different extracts showed remarkable antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

The extracts exhibited less hemolytic and higher thrombolytic activities.

It demonstrated significant cytotoxicity against A549 cell lines.

Graphical abstract
Reservoir-oriented migrated seismic image improvement and poststack seismic inversion using well-seismic mistie
Authors: Li Mengcheng , Huang Xuri , Tang Shuhang , Chen Kang , Ran Qi 
Published: September 2024

In seismic exploration of subsurface hydrocarbon reservoirs, migrated seismic images are the foundation of structural interpretation and subsequent seismic inversion for reservoir properties. Seismic events in migrated images can be mispositioned due to several factors, such as seismic velocity inaccuracy. The mispositioned events lead to poor well-seismic tie and degrade the accuracy of subsequent inversion and reservoir prediction. Particularly, the mistie can be quite obvious for the mid- and mature-phases of the reservoir development after many wells drilled. We propose using the information from mistie between seismic images and synthetic traces to improve the accuracy of migrated seismic images and thus inversion results. Our method includes three major steps: (1) calculate time shifts between the synthetic traces and the colocated seismic trace using the path-limited dynamic time warping algorithm, (2) compute the time-shift volume for the entire migrated image using the seismic-driven modeling approach based on the time-shift traces at the well locations, and (3) apply the time-shift volume to update the migrated image. The improved seismic volume can be used for further processing, such as seismic inversion, which makes the inversion results more consistent with seismic and well data. We apply our method to synthetic and field data sets. The results demonstrate that the updated seismic image has an improved seismic well tie and an improved inversion result. Our method indicates a venue for a better honor of seismic and well data in reservoir characterization.
STRIvE-02: A First-in-Human Phase I Study of Systemically Administered B7-H3 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Solid Tumors
Authors: Pinto Navin , Albert Catherine M. , Taylor Mallory R. , Ullom Heidi B. , Wilson Ashley L. , Huang Wenjun , Wendler Jason , Pattabhi Sowmya , Seidel Kristy , Brown Christopher , Gustafson Joshua A. , Rawlings-Rhea Stephanie D. , Cheeney Safia H.E. , Burleigh Katelyn , Gustafson Heather H. , Orentas Rimas J. , Vitanza Nicholas A. , Gardner Rebecca A. , Jensen Michael C. , Park Julie R. 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE
B7-H3 is an immunoregulatory protein overexpressed by many pediatric solid tumors with limited expression on critical organs, making it an attractive immunotherapy target. We present a first-in-human phase I clinical trial systemically administered B7-H3 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for young patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients were enrolled onto a phase I trial to examine the safety of B7-H3–specific CARs at various dose levels (DLs) using a standard 3 + 3 dose escalation design.

RESULTS

Sixteen patients (range, 11-24 years; median, 18.5 years) were enrolled, and nine were treated at DL1 (0.5 × 10
6
CAR T cells/kg; n = 3) or DL2 (1 × 10
6
CAR T cells/kg; n = 6). There were no first infusion dose-limiting toxicities. Maximum first-infusion circulating CAR T cells detected in the peripheral blood were 4.98 cells/μL (range, 0-4.98 cells/μL) with detection of CAR T cells colocalizing with tumor cells at the site of metastatic disease in one patient. Patients were eligible for subsequent infusions. An objective partial response by PERCIST criteria was observed 28 days after a second CAR T cell infusion in a patient who did not have an objective response after the first infusion. The second infusion demonstrated marked enhancement of CAR T cell expansion to 1,590 cells/μL and was accompanied by cytokine release syndrome and dose-limiting transaminitis. Detailed peripheral blood cytokine profiling revealed elevated IL-21 levels preinfusion 2 compared with infusion 1.

CONCLUSION

B7-H3 CAR T cells are tolerable and demonstrate limited antitumor activity without acute on-target, off-tumor toxicity. High levels of CAR T cell expansion may be necessary to achieve objective responses, but undefined host and tumor microenvironment factors appear to be critical (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:
NCT04483778
).
Naldemedine for Opioid-Induced Constipation in Patients With Cancer: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Hamano Jun , Higashibata Takahiro , Kessoku Takaomi , Kajiura Shinya , Hirakawa Mami , Oyamada Shunsuke , Ariyoshi Keisuke , Yamada Takeshi , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Takashima Yasuyuki , Doki Kosuke , Homma Masato , Mathis Bryan J. , Jono Tsumugi , Ogata Tomoki , Tanaka Kosuke , Kasai Yuki , Iwaki Michihiro , Fuyuki Akiko , Nakajima Atsushi , Hayashi Ryuji , Ando Takayuki , Izawa Naoki , Kobayashi Yuko , Horie Yoshiki , Morita Tatsuya 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE
Opioid-induced constipation is the most frequent and non–self-limiting adverse effect of opioid analgesia, reducing adherence and interfering with pain relief. This clinical trial aimed to clarify the preventive effect of naldemedine versus placebo for constipation in patients with cancer starting regularly dosed strong opioids therapy.

METHODS
This multicenter, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled, confirmatory trial was conducted between July 2021 and May 2023 at four academic hospitals in Japan (Japan Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: jRCTs031200397). Patients with cancer starting a first-time regularly dosed strong opioid for cancer pain and age 20+ years were included. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to the naldemedine (Symproic 0.2 mg) or placebo group in a 1:1 ratio for 14 days with protocol treatment. The primary end point was the proportion of patients with a Bowel Function Index (BFI) of <28.8 on day 14. The secondary end points included frequency of spontaneous bowel movements (SBM), quality of life (QOL), and frequency of opioid-induced nausea and vomiting (OINV).

RESULTS

Of the 103 patients assessed for eligibility, 99 received either naldemedine (n = 49) or placebo (n = 50). A BFI of <28.8 on day 14 was significantly more likely to occur in the naldemedine group (64.6%; 95% CI, 51.1 to 78.1) versus placebo (17.0%; 95% CI, 6.3 to 27.8), and the difference between groups was 47.6% (95% CI, 30.3 to 64.8;
P
< .0001). The frequency of SBM, QOL, and the severity of OINV were nominally significant in the naldemedine group than in the control group.

CONCLUSION
Naldemedine prevented constipation and improved constipation-related QOL, with possible preventive effect on OINV in patients with cancer starting regularly dosed opioids therapy.
Divisive Affect, Loyalty, and National Cohesion: Du Bois contra Wagner
Authors: Engelstein Stefani 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe question of divisive affect and national cohesion has been placed at the center of debates in the United States over curricula dealing with race, but the problem is not a new one. Several European thinkers of the late-nineteenth through early-twentieth century theorized affect in the context of social cohesion, including Richard Wagner, Ernest Renan, and Georg Simmel. W. E. B. Du Bois, the author argues, lays bare the power dynamics of these intersecting views in his short story, “The Coming of John” in The Souls of Black Folk. Du Bois recognizes and critiques a specific strategy that he finds most clearly crystallized in Wagner, who advocates building and transmitting national allegiance by suppressing historical knowledge, fostering affective attachment to the nation, and excluding dissenters. Philologist Ernest Renan and sociologist Georg Simmel elaborate on the temporal dimensions of these mechanisms. In conversation with these theories, Du Bois illustrates in “The Coming of John” a stickiness of time—reiteration rather than reconciliation—arising from the reciprocally reinforcing functions of loyalty and ignorance of the past. While Du Bois here also employs methods for re-engaging historical time, the difficulty of moving beyond past social structures reemerges in his later works.