bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insect Control on Staked Tomatoes, 1995
Authors: Palmer C. R. , Walgenbach J. F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six-week-old transplants were set on 15 June at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Fletcher, NC. Plants were set 2 ft apart within 20 ft rows and rows were on 10 ft centers. Single-row plots were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Materials were applied on 21 and 31 July, 7, 14, 21, and 30 Aug and 6, 14 and 21 Sep with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer delivering 50-100 gpa (gpa increased as plants grew) through 7 hollow cone nozzles per row (three nozzles on each side and one overhead). Those treatments which were targeted specifically at lepidopterous (LEPS) pests (i.e., Biobit HP, Biobit HP + F-1512, Biobit XL, Dipel 2X, and Confirm 70W) all received Provado 1.6F at 3.75 oz/acre on 31 July, 14 and 30 Aug and 14 Sep for PA and SB control. PA populations were monitored on 11, 20 and 25 July, 1, 11, 16 and 22 Aug by observing 10 leaves (3rd most recently expanded leaf) per treatment and recording the number infested with ≥ 1 apterous aphid. Thrips were monitored on 20 July by counting the total number of thrips (FT, WFT, OT) on 10 flowers per treatment (40 flowers total per 4 reps). Fruit was harvested on 16, 21 and 28 Aug and 5, 11, 18 and 25 Sep and those damaged by LEPS, SB and thrips were recorded. All data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, and means were separated by using LSD (P=0.05).
Insect Management on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Spring 1995
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
On 10 Mar, transplants were set 18 inches apart on raised beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots were 3-18 ft long rows on 5 ft centers and were irrigated by a seepage subirrigation system. Insecticidal sprays were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a high clearance, self-propelled sprayer on 14, 21, 28 Mar, 5, 11, 18, 25 Apr, 3, 10, 17, 23, 30 May, 7 and 13 Jun. The sprayer was operated at 200 psi and 3.4 mph and used hollow cone nozzles fitted with #3 disks and 25° cores. The number of nozzles per row was increased from 4 to 8 to increase gallonage as the plants grew. Thus, 60 gpa were applied the first five sprays (four nozzles), 90 gpa the next two sprays (six nozzles) and 120 gpa for the remaining three sprays (eight nozzles). Admire treatments were applied in 4 oz water/plant on 13 Mar. These plots were then sprayed weekly with Danitol and Monitor beginning 25 Apr. All control and yield data were collected on the middle 10 plants of the middle row of each plot. The terminal leaflet was collected from a leaf from the upper third of each of ten plants on 18 Apr, 23 May, and 7 Jun. The numbers of eggs, crawlers, sessile nymphs, pupae and pupal exuviae of the silverleaf whitefly were counted. All counts data were totalled over all dates for analysis. All fruit of marketable size were harvested on 15 May, 6 and 19 Jun and the fruit were separated by the presence of tomato pinworm, southern armyworm and thrips (fruit with five or more oviposition dimples on blossom end) damage and were counted and weighed.
Acaricide/Insecticide Evaluation, 1995
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim , Collins Kate , Conn Bart , Field Michelle 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a 2.5 acre block of 12-yr old trees on M, 7A rootstock. Trees measured 11 ft. in height and 10 ft. in width and were planted at a spacing of 20 X 20 ft. The experimental design consisted of 4 replications (2 ‘Delicious’, 2 ‘Criterion’) of 9-tree plots (3 rows X 3 trees/row) in a randomized block design. Insecticides were applied as complete sprays to both sides of the tree with a Swanson DA500A airblast sprayer, which traveled at 2.3 mph and delivered a spray volume of 100 gpa. Dates (stages) of application were 7 Apr (tight cluster), 23 May (between petal fall and first cover), and 16 Aug. Other materials applied separately to all treatments were Captan, Dithane, Ethrel, Nova, Penncap-M, Penncozeb, Rubigan, Topsin-M, and Ziram. Treatments were evaluated by taking arthropod pest counts from the periphery of the center tree in each plot periodically during the season. Control of ERM was evaluated by sampling 25 leaves/tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope. WALH and RLH control was determined by counting nymphs on the underside of 25 leaves/tree. Treatment effect against STLM was determined by counting tissue-feeding mines observed during a 5 min period/tree.
Potato Leafhopper Control in Drybeans, 1995
Authors: Haas M. J. , Landis D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The plot was established 6 May on the Entomology Research Farm in East Lansing, MI. Plots were 4 rows X 50 feet long with 30 inch row spacing and arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Liquid treatments were applied with a backpack sprayer after PLH reached the threshold level of 1/trifoliate. The only non-threshold treatment consisted of a granular at-planting application of Di-Syston 15G applied as a T-band incorporated with drag chains. Soil temp at 2 inch was 71°F on the day of planting. The first foliar application was made 30 Jun and the second on 12 Jul. Potato leafhopper counts consisted of the total numbers of adults and nymphs on 5 randomly selected trifoliates in each of the 2 center rows for a total of 10 trifoliates per plot. Plots were harvested on 28 Sep. Plants from 17.4 ft in each of the 2 inside rows were pulled by hand then threshed in the field. Moisture readings were adjusted to 18%. After harvest, 100 seeds from each plot were examined for “stings” attributed to tarnished plant bug feeding. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and means separated using DMRT.
Flea Beetle Control in Canola, 1995
Authors: Tanigoshi L. K. , Murray T. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Plots were established at the Washington State University Animal Science Farm in Pullman, WA. Treated and untreated seed were planted on 19 May with a small plot drill at a seeding rate of 6 lb/acre in 7 rows, 6 inches apart. The late seeding date insured an even distribution of flea beetle adults. Plots were 4 X 20 ft, replicated 5 times and were arranged in a RCBD. After cultivation and harrowing, the plots were rototilled twice and fertilized (100 lb 20-0-0-14 (NPKS)/acre) on 13 May. Seed treatments were evaluated by counting the number of adult flea beetles present on 20 randomly selected plants in the middle 3 rows. These plants were numerically ranked from 0-5 based on percent damaged surface area of cotyledons.
Western Corn Rootworm Larval Control, 1995
Authors: Bessin R. T. , Townsend L. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Twenty-six insecticides were applied for control of western corn rootworm larvae in no-till and conventional tillage corn. The test plot was planted in a continuous corn field on the UK Spindletop Research Farm on 22 May in a randomized block design with 3 replicates of no-till and 3 replicates of conventional tillage. Individual plots consisted of single rows, 12 m long, with 96.5 cm row spacing. All plots received Bicep 6L at 2.27 liters per acre and Roundup 3L at 2 pt/acre at planting plus Accent 75 SP (0.0356 lb [AI]/ acre) on 2 Jun. All insecticide treatments were applied at planting. Extended leaf heights were measured on each of 5 plants per plot on 26 Jun. Plani stand counts were recorded on 12 Jun. Numbers of lodged plants per plot was recorded 12 Jul. A plant was considered lodged if the angle between the base of the plant and the ground was less than 45°. Root damage ratings were evaluated on 5 Jul by examining 5 plants per plot using the Iowa 1–6 system. Data were subject to ANOVA and treatment means compared to that of the control by Dunnett’s (SAS Institute).
Comparison of Planting- and Cultivation-Time Applied Insecticides for Managing Corn Rootworm Larvae in South Dakota, 1995
Authors: Boetel M. A. , Fuller B. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cavour and Aurora, South Dakota were chosen as sites for comparing at planting and cultivation time applied insecticides for rootworm control. Individual treatment plots consisted of single 15.2 m long rows which were spaced 96.5 cm apart. The study used a RCB design with 4 replications per location. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a specially adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter. Metering units were ground-driven, and all units were calibrated on the planter. Banded (B) insecticide treatments were applied in an 18-cm swath over the open seed furrow in front of furrow-closing wheels (T-band), and were incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. In-furrow (F) treatments were placed directly between double-disk furrow openers and into the open seed furrow. Cultivation-time liquid treatments were applied using a CO2-powered backpack canister sprayer system. A 1.8-m boom with 4 nozzles (Teejet 8003 flat fan) spaced 45.7 cm apart was used to deliver 20 gpa. Five roots per replicate were dug for each treatment. Roots were washed, examined for corn rootworm larval feeding damage, and rated in accordance with the Iowa 1 to 6 scale. Percent root protection was calculated: % RP = 100 * (1 – [rating of treatment - l]/rating of untreated control). Root injury ratings were analyzed using SAS’s General Linear Models (GLM) procedure with root rating means were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.
Evaluation of Soil Insecticides on Continuous Corn in Ohio, 1995
Authors: Willson H. R. , Eisley J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Soil insecticides were evaluated for stand protection and rootworm control at the OARDC Western Branch Field Station near South Charleston. The test included 19 treatments compared to an untreated check treatment on reduced tillage plots that were 18.2 m (60 ft) in length and 2 rows wide for granular treatments and 4 rows wide for liquid treatments. Row spacing was 76.2 cm (30 inches). A RCBD was applied with 4 replicates. Planting time granular applications were applied as a band prior to closure by the press wheel or in-furrow using a 2 row John Deere 7000 planter equipped with Noble granular applicators. Post-emergence applications of liquid formulations were applied as a banded or broadcasted treatment with a boom sprayer equipped with flat spray nozzles and calibrated to deliver desired dosages at 3 mph. Granular treatments were applied 22 May at planting, and post-emergence treatments were applied 5 Jun to coincide with rootworm hatch. Treatments were evaluated 14 Jun for stand loss with counts of the total and injured plants per 15.1 m (50 ft) of row when corn was predominantly at the 4th or 5th leaf stage. Root ratings were conducted 5 Jul on 5 plants per plot using the Iowa 1-6 scale. Grain yields were determined by machine harvest of total plots on 12 Oct.
Aerial Application of Insecticides for Control of First Generation European Corn Borer, 1995
Authors: Witkowski John , Echtenkamp Jerry 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The cornfield was located in Cedar County, northwest of the town of Hartington, NE. Two treatments and an untreated check were arranged in a strip plot design with one replication. Six black headed egg masses were infested onto 30 marked plants (3, ten plant subsamples) per treatment on 6 Jul. A Cessna 188 Ag Truck was used to make the applications on 13 Jul. On 18 Aug, all artificially infested plants were disected from tassel to ground and examined for corn borer cavities. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance procedures. Treatment means were separated using LSD procedures.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Aphids on Cotton in Mississippi, 1995
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State, MS, in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plot size was 4 rows wide (38 inch spacing) by 50 ft long with 4 unsprayed buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied on 12 Jul with a high clearance spray tractor equipped with two Spraying Systems TX4 hollow cone nozzles spaced at 19 inches and calibrated for 5 gpa at a pressure of 40 psi and a speed of 3.5 mph. Carrier of the insecticides was water, with an initial pH of 8.0. Samples were taken from 10 leaves per plot at each of 3 levels on the plant: upper (4th true leaf), mid (mainstem leaf located a third down the plant), and lower (leaf on the bottom of the plant). Aphids were counted on one side of the leaf midvein (1/2 leaf) only.
Efficacy of Provado When Applied with Feed Grade Molasses to Control Tarnished Plant Bug in Cotton, 1995
Authors: Teague T. G. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Field studies were conducted to determine if addition of feed grade molasses to Provado would affect mortality to TPB caged on cotton plants. Cotton was planted 4 Jun on the ASU farm in Jonesboro in 4 row (38 inch centers) wide plots 60 ft long separated by a 4-row buffer Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 3 replications. Insecticides were applied 8 Aug using a 4-row CO2 charged tractor mounted sprayer calibrated to deliver 12.5 gpa at 40 psi with TI-50 8002 nozzles on 17 inch spacing. Prior to application, TPB were collected using sweep nets in mustard plants and placed into 15 ml plastic vials (5 insects per vial) on ice. Three organdy sleeve cages, 6 inches diam by 18 inches long, were secured to randomh selected individual plants in the center 2 rows by tying the lower end of each cage around the plant ca 1 ft from the terminal with twist ties. The cages were rolled down to the tie and covered with aluminum foil leaving plant terminals exposed. Following treatment the foil was removed, the cage pulled up, and 5 TPB adults were placed into each cage. Cage tops were secured with twist ties. After 72 hr, plants were cut below the cage and taken to the laboratory where TPB mortality was determined.
Cage Studies to Evaluate Foliar and Sidedressed Insecticide Applications for Control of Tarnished Plant Bug in Cotton, 1995
Authors: Tugwell N. P. , Teague T. G. , Bearden S. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy studies were conducted using sleeve cages in cotton planted 15 May on the UA Cotton Branch Experiment Station in Marianna, AR. The 8 row (38 inch centers) X 50 ft plots were separated by 2 row buffer zones. Treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 3 replications. On 27 Jun after rain (0.7 and 0.1 inches on 24 and 26 Jun) the Temik treatment was knifed in as a sidedress at 2 to 3 inch depth within 8 to 14 inches on both sides of plants and covered. Foliar insecticides were applied 14 Jul using a 4-row CO2-charged back pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 13 gpa at 23 psi with 1, TJ-50 8002vs nozzle per row. In each plot 3 organdy sleeve cages, 9 inches diam by 22 inches long, had been secured to individual plants by tying the lower end of each cage around the plant ca 1 ft from the terminal with twist ties. The cages were rolled down to the tie and covered with aluminium foil. Following application the foil was removed, the cage pulled up, and 5 TPB 3 to 5th instar nymphs were placed into each cage. Cage tops were secured with twist ties. Insects had been collected by sweep net on mustard immediately prior to testing and held in 15 ml plastic vials (5/vial) on ice. After 72 hr plants were cut below the cage and taken to the laboratory where TPB mortality was determined.
Caterpillar Control on Peanuts, North Carolina, 1995
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Royals B. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Foliar applications of insecticides were evaluated for CEW control at the Peanut Belt Research Station, Lewiston, NC, in 1995. Each plot was 50 ft by 2 rows (36 inch centers), of NC-7 variety peanuts, and plots were arranged in RCBD with 4 replicates. Plot ends were separated by 5 ft barren strip and on each side by 2 buffer rows. Peanuts were grown under standard production practices in a light sandy soil with pH of 5.4 and 1.1% humic matter. Treatments were applied on 14 Aug. A second application of Gemstar LC was applied on 16 Aug. Treatments were applied by using a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 40 psi delivering approx. 30 gpa and using 8003 flat fan nozzles. Conditions at time of application were sunny and 98°F. Sampling and the second application of Gemstar LC was moved up to 2 d after the first treatment (rather than the recommended 3 to 5 d interval) due to the threat of Hurricane Felix. In addition, Tropical Depression Jerry brought heavy rains exceeding 2.0 inches on 20 Aug. Caterpillars were sampled on 16 and 21 Aug by taking 2 standard 3 ft beat cloth counts per plot. Pretreatment counts on 14 Aug determined the CEW population to be 20.0 per 2 standard 3 ft foot beat cloth samples. All instars were present at the time of sampling. Only live caterpillars were counted for analysis. All data were tranformed (square root of X + 0.05) prior to ANOVA and DNMRT. Actual means are presented in the table.
Effects of Insecticides on Thrips Populations, Peanut Injury, Growth and Yield, Oklahoma, 1994
Authors: Mulder P. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides was evaluated for tobacco thrips control and for effects on growth and yield of ‘Okrun’ runner type peanut in Chickasha, OK. Peanuts were planted on 36-inch rows on 17 May. Granular insecticides were applied into the seed furrow (IF) at planting with a tractor-mounted John Deere granular applicator. The hopperbox Orthene treatment was planted last, to avoid planter box contamination. Preweighed amounts of Orthene 75S were added evenly over the seed, alternating one-third seed then one-third chemical until the boxes were filled. The foliar treatment of Orthene 75S was applied using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 30 psi through one 8004E flat fan nozzle per row. This post-emergent spray treatment was applied 16 d after planting (2 Jun). A RCB experimental design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows wide by 50 ft long. Treatments were evaluated by comparing: plant stand counts per 1/1000th of an acre; injury ratings based on a 0 to 6 scale where 0 = no thrips injured leaves and 6 = 100 percent injured leaves; and bloom counts per l/1000th of an acre. In addition, thrips control was evaluated by collecting 5 unopened quadrifoliate leaves per plot on 30 May, 6 Jun, 13 Jun and 20 Jun. Only the latter 3 d are reported. Unopened leaves were placed in vials of alcohol and returned to the laboratory where adult and larval thrips were separated and counted under a dissecting microscope. Yields were based on digging, combining, drying and weighing peanuts from 2 rows of each plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD procedures.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides for Management of Soybean Arthropods in Louisiana, 1995
Authors: Boyd M. L. , Fitzpatrick B. J. , Boethel D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of selected insecticides for control of soybean insect pests in LA was evaluated in 2 small plot insecticide trials at the St. Gabriel Research Station in Iberville Parish. Tests I (‘Pioneer 9692’) and II (‘Hartz 7190’) were both conducted on 8 Sep when soybeans were in the R5 growth stage. Treatments were applied using a tractor-mounted, CO2 pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 15 gpa at 40 psi through 8002 flat fan nozzles. Plots in both tests were 5 rows wide (36 inch row spacing) by 50 ft, arranged in a RCB design, with four blocks. At 3 and 7 DAT in each test, one 25 sweep sample was taken from each plot with a standard 15 inch diam sweep net. Both nymph and adult SGSB were counted. No rainfall occurred during either test.
Standard and Below Labeled Rates of Insecticides for Corn Earworm Control in Soybean in Virginia, 1995
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of selected insecticides at lowest labeled rates and 20% below lowest labeled rates was evaluated against CEW in soybean. GemStar LC (Biosys, Columbia, MD), a nuclear polyhedrosis containing bioinsecticide, was also included. ‘Hutcheson’ soybean was planted 4 Jul in Isle of Wight, VA using a 20-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied on 18 Aug, and GemStar LC was applied again on 21 Aug. Treatments were broadcast as sprays with water using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 12 gpa at 18 psi through 8002VS flat fan nozzles spaced 18 inches apart on the spray boom. A RCB design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 30 ft. Treatments were evaluated 3 h before and 3, 5, and 11 DAT by comparing numbers of small (1st and 2nd instars), medium (3rd and 4th instars), large (5th and 6th instars) and total larvae. Samples were taken using a 3-foot long rigid beat cloth device designed for sampling narrow-row planted soybean. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Evaluation of Naf 85 for Soybean Insect Control, 1995
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Texas A&M University, Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Beaumont. The experimental design was a RCB with 5 treatments and 4 replications. Soil type was a Midland silty clay loam. Plot size was 50 ft X 8 rows (32 inch row spacing). Plots were planted 15 Jun at about 10 seeds/ft. One d after planting, plots were treated with 2.8 oz/acre of Scepter 70DG and 2 pt/acre of Dual 8E. Soybeans emerged 21 Jun. On 27 Jul plots were treated with 2 pt/acre of Blazer and 1 pt/acre of Assure II (EC). On 25 Sep, when soybeans were R5/6 and Lepidoptera populations had caused an estimated 70% defoliation, assigned plots were treated with test insecticides using a hand-held, CO2 pressurized spray rig (4 row swath width) equipped with 800067 tip size nozzles and 50 mesh screens. Final spray volume was 25 gpa. Immediately before and 3 and 16 d after application of test insecticides, arthropods were sampled by taking 10 consecutive sweeps in each plot with a 15 inch diam sweep net. Each sweep covered 2 rows of soybeans. Sweep net samples were placed in plastic bags and frozen. On a later date, bags were thawed and the contents inspected for arthropods. Plots were not harvested. Data were transformed using x+0.5, analyzed by ANOVA, and, where appropriate, means separated by DMRT.