bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreword
Authors: Horne John 
Published: December 2015

<p>On 19th July 2007, the Mental Health Act 2007 received the Royal Assent. The 2007 Act amends the Mental Health Act 1983, the Mental Capacity Act 2005 and the Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004.</p><p>For those engaged in the mental health field, be it as lawyers, doctors, nurses, social workers or in some other professional role, or as service users, carers or family members, there is a great deal to take on board before most of these provisions are implemented on the intended date of October 2008. Much of the contents of this issue of the JMHL will hopefully assist readers who need to get to grips with the changes ahead.</p>
How Viscoelastic-Polymer Flooding Enhances Displacement Efficiency
Authors: Clarke A.. , Howe A. M. , Mitchell J.. , Staniland J.. , Hawkes L. A. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIncreasing flooding-solution viscosity with polymers provides a favorable mobility ratio compared with brine flooding and hence improves volumetric sweep efficiency. Flooding with a polymer solution exhibiting elastic properties has been reported to increase displacement efficiency, resulting in a sustained doubling of the recovery enhancement compared with the use of conventional viscous-polymer flooding (Wang et al. 2011). Flooding with viscoelastic-polymer solutions is claimed also to increase recovery more than expected from changes in capillary number alone (Wang et al. 2010). This increase in displacement efficiency by viscoelastic polymers is reported to occur because of changes in the steady-state-flow profile and enhancements in oil stripping and thread formation. However, within the industry there are doubts that a genuine effect is observed, or that improvements in displacement efficiency occur with field-applicable flow regimes (Vermolen et al. 2014).In this study, we demonstrate that flooding with viscoelastic-polymer solutions can indeed increase recovery more than expected from changes in capillary number. We show a mechanism of fluctuations in flow at low Reynolds number by which viscoelastic-polymer solutions provide improvements in displacement efficiency. The mechanism, known as elastic turbulence, is an effect previously unrecognized in this context. We demonstrate that the effect may be obtained at field-relevant flow rates. Furthermore, this underlying mechanism explains both the enhanced capillary-desaturation curves and the observation of apparent flow thickening (Delshad et al. 2008; Seright et al. 2011) for these viscoelastic solutions in porous media. The work contrasts experiments on flow and recovery by use of viscous and viscoelastic-polymer solutions. The circumstances under which viscoelasticity is beneficial are demonstrated. The findings are applicable to the design of formulations for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) by polymer flooding.A combination of coreflooding, micromodel flow, and rheometric studies is presented. The results include single-phase and multiphase floods in sandstone cores. Polymer solutions are viscoelastic [partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM)] or viscous (xanthan). The effects of molecular weight, flow rate, and concentration of the HPAMs are described. The data lead us to suggest a mechanism that may be used to explain the observations of improved displacement efficiency and why the improvement is not seen for all viscoelastic-polymer floods.
Soil Water Repellency and its Impact on Hydraulic Characteristics in a Beech Forest under Simulated Climate Change
Authors: Schwen Andreas , Zimmermann Michael , Leitner Sonja , Woche Susanne K. 
Published: December 2015

Core Ideas
Rainfall redistribution increased soil water repellency in a beech forest soil
Soil water repellency correlated with organic matter composition and C/N ratio
Contact angles correlated with air‐entry value of hydraulic soil characteristics
Climate change is expected to result in prolonged dry periods and an increased occurrence of extreme rainfall events that can increase soil water repellency (SWR). However, this relationship has not been studied under field conditions yet. Also, for the development of hydrological models accounting for SWR, dependencies between SWR and soil hydraulic characteristics would be required. Our hypotheses were that (i) prolonged dry periods increase SWR by changing the composition of the soil organic matter (SOM) and that (ii) SWR alters hydraulic soil properties by the air‐entry value. The objective of the study was to assess the impact of different rainfall redistributions on the degree of SWR, physicochemical soil characteristics, and soil hydraulic properties. A field experiment was conducted on a Podsolic Cambisol in a beech forest with plots covered by roofs and irrigated artificially. Two rainfall redistribution treatments (moderate and extreme) and control plots were compared after two vegetation periods. Potential SWR was characterized by the soil–water contact angle, while the actual degree of SWR was derived indirectly from infiltration experiments with water and ethanol. We found an increase in SWR due to rainfall redistribution. Contact angles correlated positively with the contents of organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen and the relative amount of hydrophobic groups in the organic matter and negatively with the C/N ratio. Differences between intrinsic and actual hydraulic properties increased with prolonged dry periods. Contact angles correlated with the air‐entry value (inverse of van Genuchten parameter α). This finding offers a way to account for SWR in hydraulic models.
Outcomes of Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Patients with Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Presenting with STsegment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Garg Pankaj , Kamaruddin Hazlyna , Iqbal Javaid , Wheeldon Nigel 
Published: December 2015

Background:There are limited data on outcomes of patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) presenting acutely as ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI).Objectives:To compare outcomes in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI with or without previous CABG surgery.Methods:An all-comer single-centre observational registry from a cardiothoracic centre in UK. All consecutive patients presenting for PPCI between 2007 and 2012 were included. Electronic records were used to extract relevant information. Mortality data were obtained from the Office of National Statistics. Overall median follow-up period was 1.7 years (intraquartile range 0.9-2.5).Results:Complete data were available for 2133 (97%) patients. 47-patients had previous history of CABG. Out of these, the infarct related artery (IRA) was native vessel in 22 and graft in 25 patients. Post re-vascularization TIMI flow was inferior in CABG cohort (<TIMI 3 flow in 17% vs. 10%, p=0.012) and they were less likely to achieve acute reperfusion (TIMI 0 in 9% vs. 3%, p=0012). In-hospital-mortality was not different in both groups (2%vs.4%, p=0.23). 30-day (HR 0.54; 95%CI 0.17-1.73; P=0.301), 1-year-mortality (HR 0.77; 95%CI 0.31-1.87; P=0.56) and over a median follow-up of 1.7 years (HR 1.1; 95%CI 0.54-2.27; P=0.79) were also not different.Conclusion:Patients presenting with STEMI to PPCI service with history of CABG are less likely to achieve acute reperfusion and have worse angiographic outcomes. Post PPCI, the prior CABG patients do not seem to have worse shortterm and long-term prognosis.
Palliative radiation therapy for solid tumors in dogs: 103 cases (2007–2011)
Authors: Tollett Melissa A. , Duda Lili , Brown Dorothy C. , Krick Erika L. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical response, adverse effects, and outcomes associated with palliative radiation therapy (PRT) in dogs with various solid tumor types at various body locations.
DESIGN Retrospective case series.
ANIMALS 103 dogs with solid tumors.
PROCEDURES Medical records for dogs with solid tumors treated with PRT between July 2007 and January 2011 at a veterinary teaching hospital were reviewed. Data collected included signalment, tumor type and location, initial staging results, PRT protocol, other tumor-specific treatments, patient and tumor response, outcome, and acute and chronic adverse effects. Median progression-free survival time, median survival time (MST), and other descriptive statistics were calculated.
RESULTS Types of tumors treated included carcinoma, sarcoma, melanoma, primary bone tumor, mast cell tumor, and ameloblastoma. For all dogs, the overall tumor and clinical response rates to PRT were 75% and 77%, respectively, and the MST was 134 days, but those responses varied substantially among tumor types. Dogs that developed a positive clinical response or maintained stable disease after PRT had a significantly longer MST than did dogs with progressive disease. Tumor location was not significantly associated with median progression-free survival time or MST. Most dogs tolerated the PRT well. Acute and chronic adverse effects were observed in 57 and 8 dogs, respectively, but were generally self-limiting.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that dogs with various types of solid tumors that received PRT had objective beneficial responses and an improvement in quality of life that was positively associated with survival time.
Connectivity of the frontal and anterior insular network: a cortico-cortical evoked potential study
Authors: Enatsu Rei , Gonzalez-Martinez Jorge , Bulacio Juan , Mosher John C. , Burgess Richard C. , Najm Imad , Nair Dileep R. 
Published: December 2015

OBJECT
The frontal and insular fiber network in humans remains largely unknown. This study investigated the connectivity of the frontal and anterior insular network in humans using cortico-cortical evoked potential (CCEP).

METHODS
This retrospective analysis included 18 patients with medically intractable focal epilepsy who underwent stereoelectroencephalography and CCEP. Alternating 1-Hz electrical stimuli were delivered to parts of the frontal lobe and anterior insula (prefrontal cortex [PFC], ventrolateral and dorsolateral premotor area [vPM and dPM, respectively], presupplementary motor area [pre-SMA], SMA, frontal operculum, and anterior insula). A total of 40–60 stimuli were averaged in each trial to obtain CCEP responses. The distribution of CCEP was evaluated by calculating the root mean square of CCEP responses.

RESULTS
Stimulation of the PFC elicited prominent CCEP responses in the medial PFC and PMs over the ipsilateral hemisphere. Stimulation of the vPM and dPM induced CCEP responses in the ipsilateral frontoparietal areas. Stimulation of the pre-SMA induced CCEP responses in the ipsilateral medial and lateral frontal areas and contralateral pre-SMA, whereas stimulation of the SMA induced CCEP responses in the bilateral frontoparietal areas. Stimulation of the frontal operculum induced CCEP responses in the ipsilateral insula and temporal operculum. CCEPs were observed in the ipsilateral medial, lateral frontal, and frontotemporal operculum in the anterior insular stimulation. Stimulation of the vPM and SMA led to the network in the dominant hemisphere being more developed.

CONCLUSIONS
Various regions within the frontal lobe and anterior insula were linked to specific ipsilateral and contralateral regions, which may reflect distinct functional roles.
Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the fornix for Alzheimer's disease: surgical safety in the ADvance trial
Authors: Ponce Francisco A. , Asaad Wael F. , Foote Kelly D. , Anderson William S. , Rees Cosgrove G. , Baltuch Gordon H. , Beasley Kara , Reymers Donald E. , Oh Esther S. , Targum Steven D. , Smith Gwenn S. , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Lozano Andres M. 
Published: December 2015

OBJECT
This report describes the stereotactic technique, hospitalization, and 90-day perioperative safety of bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the fornix in patients who underwent DBS for the treatment of mild, probable Alzheimer's disease (AD).

METHODS
The ADvance Trial is a multicenter, 12-month, double-blind, randomized, controlled feasibility study being conducted to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of DBS of the fornix in patients with mild, probable AD. Intraoperative and perioperative data were collected prospectively. All patients underwent postoperative MRI. Stereotactic analyses were performed in a blinded fashion by a single surgeon. Adverse events (AEs) were reported to an independent clinical events committee and adjudicated to determine the relationship between the AE and the study procedure.

RESULTS
Between June 6, 2012, and April 28, 2014, a total of 42 patients with mild, probable AD were treated with bilateral fornix DBS (mean age 68.2 ± 7.8 years; range 48.0–79.7 years; 23 men and 19 women). The mean planned target coordinates were x = 5.2 ± 1.0 mm (range 3.0–7.9 mm), y = 9.6 ± 0.9 mm (range 8.0–11.6 mm), z = −7.5 ± 1.2 mm (range −5.4 to −10.0 mm), and the mean postoperative stereotactic radial error on MRI was 1.5 ± 1.0 mm (range 0.2–4.0 mm). The mean length of hospitalization was 1.4 ± 0.8 days. Twenty-six (61.9%) patients experienced 64 AEs related to the study procedure, of which 7 were serious AEs experienced by 5 patients (11.9%). Four (9.5%) patients required return to surgery: 2 patients for explantation due to infection, 1 patient for lead repositioning, and 1 patient for chronic subdural hematoma. No patients experienced neurological deficits as a result of the study, and no deaths were reported.

CONCLUSIONS
Accurate targeting of DBS to the fornix without direct injury to it is feasible across surgeons and treatment centers. At 90 days after surgery, bilateral fornix DBS was well tolerated by patients with mild, probable AD.
Clinical trial registration no.: NCT01608061 (clinicaltrials.gov)
The lateral extracavitary approach to the thoracolumbar spine: a case series and systematic review
Authors: Foreman Paul M. , Naftel Robert P. , Moore Thomas A. , Hadley Mark N. 
Published: December 2015

OBJECT
Since its introduction in 1976, the lateral extracavitary approach (LECA) has been used to access ventral and ventrolateral pathology affecting the thoracolumbar spine. Reporting of outcomes and complications has been inconsistent. A case series and systematic review are presented to summarize the available data.

METHODS
A retrospective review of medical records was performed, which identified 65 consecutive patients who underwent LECA for the treatment of thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord pathology. Cases were divided according to the presenting pathology. Neurological outcomes and complications were detailed. In addition, a systematic review of outcomes and complications in patients treated with the LECA as reported in the literature was completed.

RESULTS
Sixty-five patients underwent the LECA to the spine for the treatment of thoracic spine and spinal cord pathology. The most common indication for surgery was thoracic disc herniation (23/65, 35.4%). Neurological outcomes were excellent: 69.2% improved, 29.2% experienced no change, and 1.5% were worse. Two patients (3.1%) experienced a complication. The systematic review revealed comparable neurological outcomes (74.9% improved) but a notably higher complication rate (32.2%).

CONCLUSIONS
The LECA provides dorsal and unilateral ventrolateral access to and exposure of the thoracolumbar spine and spinal cord while allowing for posterior instrumentation through the same incision. Although excellent neurological results can be expected, the risk of pulmonary complications should be considered.
Patterns of epidural progression following postoperative spine stereotactic body radiotherapy: implications for clinical target volume delineation
Authors: Chan Michael W. , Thibault Isabelle , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Yu Eugene , John Cho B. C. , Letourneau Daniel , Lee Young , Yee Albert , Fehlings Michael G. , Sahgal Arjun 
Published: December 2015

OBJECT
The authors performed a pattern-of-failure analysis, with a focus on epidural disease progression, in patients treated with postoperative spine stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT).

METHODS
Of the 70 patients with 75 spinal metastases (cases) treated with postoperative spine SBRT, there were 26 cases of local disease recurrence and 25 cases with a component of epidural disease progression. Twenty-four of the 25 cases had preoperative epidural disease with subsequent epidural disease progression, and this cohort was the focus of this epidural-specific pattern-of-failure investigation. Preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up MRI scans were reviewed, and epidural disease was characterized based on location according to a system in which the vertebral anatomy is divided into 6 sectors, with the anterior compartment comprising Sectors 1, 2, and 6, and the posterior compartment comprising Sectors 3, 4, and 5.

RESULTS
Patterns of epidural progression are reported specifically for the 24 cases with preoperative epidural disease and subsequent epidural progression. Epidural disease progression within the posterior compartment was observed to be significantly lower in those with preoperative epidural disease confined to the anterior compartment than in those with preoperative epidural disease involving both anterior and posterior compartments (56% vs 93%, respectively; p = 0.047). In a high proportion of patients with epidural disease progression, treatment failure was found in the anterior compartment, including both those with preoperative epidural disease confined to the anterior compartment and those with preoperative epidural disease involving both anterior and posterior compartments (100% vs. 73%, respectively). When epidural disease was confined to the anterior compartment on the preoperative and postoperative MRIs, no epidural disease progression was observed in Sector 4, which is the most posterior sector. Postoperative epidural disease characteristics alone were not predictive of the pattern of epidural treatment failure.

CONCLUSIONS
Reviewing the extent of epidural disease on preoperative MRI is imperative when planning postoperative SBRT. When epidural disease is confined to the anterior epidural sectors pre- and postoperatively, covering the entire epidural space circumferentially with a prophylactic “donut” distribution may not be needed.
Effect of resident handoffs on length of hospital and intensive care unit stay in a neurosurgical population: a cohort study
Authors: Kuhn Elizabeth N. , Davis Matthew C. , Agee Bonita S. , Oster Robert A. , Markert James M. 
Published: December 2015

OBJECT
Handoffs and services changes are potentially modifiable sources of medical error and delays in transition of care. This cohort study assessed the relationship between resident service handoffs and length of stay for neurosurgical patients.

METHODS
All patients admitted to the University of Alabama at Birmingham neurosurgical service between July 1, 2012, and July 1, 2014, were retrospectively identified. A service handoff was defined as any point when a resident handed off coverage of a service for longer than 1 weekend. A conditional probability distribution was constructed to adjust length of stay for the increasing probability of a random handoff. The Student t-test and ANCOVA were used to assess relationships between resident service handoffs and length of hospital stay, adjusted for potential confounders.

RESULTS
A total of 3038 patients met eligibility criteria and were included in the statistical analyses. Adjusted length of hospital stay (5.32 vs 3.53 adjusted days) and length of ICU stay (4.38 vs 2.96 adjusted days) were both longer for patients who experienced a service handoff, with no difference in mortality. In the ANCOVA model, resident service handoff remained predictive of both length of hospital stay (p < 0.001) and length of ICU stay (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Occurrence of a resident service handoff is an independent predictor of length of hospital and ICU stay in neurosurgical patients. This finding is novel in the neurosurgical literature. Future research might identify mechanisms for improving continuity of care and mitigating the effect of resident handoffs on patient outcomes.
Experimental investigation of dielectric properties of seasonal snow at field observatories in the northwest Himalaya
Authors: Singh Kamal K. , Kumar Ashavani , Kulkarni Anil V. , Datt Prem , Dewali Sanjay K. , Kumar Manoj 
Published: December 2015

Abstract.Radio-echo sounding techniques are very useful for fast profiling of seasonal snowpack. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is used widely for various cryospheric applications, such as snow/glacier depth estimation, snow layer identification and snow water equivalent assessment. The dielectric constant of snow is an important input parameter for the acquisition and interpretation of GPR data from the snowpack. In this study, snow dielectric constant was measured along with physical properties of snow using a snow fork operating at 1 GHz frequency. Experiments were conducted at field observatories of the Snow and Avalanche Study Establishment located in different Himalayan ranges: Patseo (Greater Himalayan range), Dhundhi and Solang (Pir Panjal range). Interseasonal spatial and temporal variations in snow dielectric constant and associated snowpack properties were analysed for five winter seasons (2010-14). The mean seasonal snow dielectric constant is higher at Dhundhi (1.82 ±0.02) than at Patseo (1.69 ±0.02). The measured snow dielectric constant was used to derive snow density and liquid-water content (LWC). A better correlation between snow dielectric constant and LWC is observed for high-density snow (>300kgm-3; R2 = 0.95) than for low-density snow (<200kgm-3; R2 = 0.73). Snow-fork-derived snow density was in good agreement with manually measured values. The snow dielectric constant database generated during this study can be used as a reference for various field applications of GPR in snow-related studies.
SDSS-IV/MaNGA: SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC CALIBRATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Yan Renbin , Tremonti Christy , Bershady Matthew A. , Law David R. , Schlegel David J. , Bundy Kevin , Drory Niv , MacDonald Nicholas , Bizyaev Dmitry , Blanc Guillermo A. , Blanton Michael R. , Cherinka Brian , Eigenbrot Arthur , Gunn James E. , Harding Paul , Hogg David W. , Sánchez-Gallego José R. , Sánchez Sebastian F. , Wake David A. , Weijmans Anne-Marie , Xiao Ting , Zhang Kai 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA), one of three core programs in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-IV, is an integral-field spectroscopic survey of roughly 10,000 nearby galaxies. It employs dithered observations using 17 hexagonal bundles of 2″ fibers to obtain resolved spectroscopy over a wide wavelength range of 3600–10300 Å. To map the internal variations within each galaxy, we need to perform accurate spectral surface photometry, which is to calibrate the specific intensity at every spatial location sampled by each individual aperture element of the integral field unit. The calibration must correct only for the flux loss due to atmospheric throughput and the instrument response, but not for losses due to the finite geometry of the fiber aperture. This requires the use of standard star measurements to strictly separate these two flux loss factors (throughput versus geometry), a difficult challenge with standard single-fiber spectroscopy techniques due to various practical limitations. Therefore, we developed a technique for spectral surface photometry using multiple small fiber-bundles targeting standard stars simultaneously with galaxy observations. We discuss the principles of our approach and how they compare to previous efforts, and we demonstrate the precision and accuracy achieved. MaNGA's relative calibration between the wavelengths of Hα and Hβ has an rms of 1.7%, while that between [N ii] λ6583 and [O ii] λ3727 has an rms of 4.7%. Using extinction-corrected star formation rates and gas-phase metallicities as an illustration, this level of precision guarantees that flux calibration errors will be sub-dominant when estimating these quantities. The absolute calibration is better than 5% for more than 89% of MaNGA's wavelength range.