bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of submicron spinel powders on the microstructure evolution and properties of alumina‐based refractory castables
Authors: Chen Pingan , Wang Yulong , Li Xiangcheng , Zhu Boquan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe physical properties, including flow value, apparent porosity, and mechanical strength, increased significantly with submicron spinel contents in this study. The excellent physical properties can be attributed to the close‐packed microstructure and high bonding strength between spinel and aggregates/matrix. Additionally, the submicron spinel powders promoted the formation of tabular CA6 grains that generated a cross‐linked structure and enhanced the mechanical properties. The microstructures of corroded castables suggested that submicron spinel powders contributed to the formation of a continuous and thick spinel layer at the slag–refractory interface and subsequently improved the slag resistance of the castables.
Factors for postoperative complications following pressure ulcer operation: stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis
Authors: Han Hyun Ho , Ko Jun Gul , Rhie Jong Won 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPatients with pressure ulcers are generally older, have a long hospital stay and often have a variety of comorbidities. The decision to perform surgery for pressure ulcer management can be difficult because of concerns about the risk of postoperative complications.The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between comorbid conditions and surgical outcomes in order to guide patient selection for pressure ulcer surgery. In 57 patients, data on age, defect size, operating time, hospital stay, body mass index, surgical site, mobility state, cardiac ischaemic history, diabetes, renal failure, ventilator dependency, tracheostomy state, use of haemodilution therapy and cancer were evaluated using stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis to determine the relationships between variables.There were no postoperative cardiac ischaemic events. Wound complications occurred in 8 patients (14%), pneumonia in 12 patients (21·1%) and mortality in 1 patient (1·7%). The risk of postoperative pneumonia increased 1·069‐fold in elderly patients (odds ratio = 1·069, P < 0·05) and increased 44·17‐fold in preoperative ventilator users (odds ratio = 44·17, P < 0·05). The risk of wound complication increased 1·012‐fold with the presence of a larger defect site (odds ratio = 1·012, P < 0·05) and increased 7·474‐fold in patients who received haemodilution therapy (odds ratio = 7·474, P < 0·05).Our results indicate that most comorbid conditions did not significantly affect postoperative cardiopulmonary or wound complications. However, the risk of postoperative pneumonia increased in patients with ventilator use or old age, and the risk of wound complication increased in patients with a large defect size and in those who used haemodilution therapy.
Structure and energetics of SiOC and SiOC‐modified carbon‐bonded carbon fiber composites
Authors: Niu Min , Wang Hongjie , Chen Jiewei , Su Lei , Wu Di , Navrotsky Alexandra 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe incorporation of SiOC polymer‐derived ceramics into porous carbon materials could provide tailored shapeable, mechanical, electrical, and oxidation‐resistant properties for high‐temperature applications. Understanding the thermodynamic and kinetic stability of such materials is crucial for their practical application. We report here the dependence of structures and energetics of SiOC and SiOC‐modified carbon‐bonded carbon fiber composites (CBCFs) on the pyrolysis temperature using spectroscopic methods and high‐temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry. The results indicate that a SiOC ceramic pyrolyzed at 1200°C and 1600°C is energetically stable with respect to an isocompositional mixture of cristobalite, silicon carbide, and graphite by 4.9 and 10.3 kJ/mol, respectively, and more energetically stable than that pyrolyzed at 1450°C. Their thermodynamic stability is related to their structural evolution. SiOC‐modified CBCFs become energetically less stable with increasing preparation temperature and concomitant increase in excess carbon content.
The effect of restatements on analyst behavior
Authors: Ye Chunlai , Yu Lin‐Hui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper examines how changes in the credibility of financial reporting affect analyst behavior. Using a sample of restatement firms experiencing a substantial change in credibility over 1997–2006, we document that restatements have a long‐lived effect on analyst behavior and that analysts differentiate between restatements caused by irregularities and those caused by errors. We find that while irregularity restatement firms exhibit a reduction in analyst coverage and forecast accuracy and an increase in forecast dispersion in the post‐restatement period, other restatement firms exhibit only an increase in forecast error. Finally, we find evidence to suggest that remedial actions reduce the effect of irregularity restatements on analyst behavior. Overall, these results are consistent with the notion that restatements affect analyst behavior in forming judgements regarding subsequent earnings announcements.
Did interaction between human pressure and Little Ice Age drive biological turnover in New Zealand?
Authors: Waters Jonathan M. , Fraser Ceridwen I. , Maxwell Justin J. , Rawlence Nicolas J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo test for simultaneous Holocene biogeographic turnover events in the New Zealand region. Specifically, we synthesize ancient DNA, radiocarbon data and archaeological data to assess the chronologies of late Holocene lineage extinction and replacement.LocationCool‐temperate coastal ecosystems of New Zealand and the subantarctic.MethodsWe present new ancient DNA and radiocarbon data for New Zealand sea lions, and synthesize existing climatic, genetic and archaeological data, to test for synchronous megafaunal extinction and replacement events. The collated data include ancient DNA sequences from over 200 ancient sea lion and penguin specimens, in addition to 150 modern genetic samples.ResultsOur temporal genetic analyses show that, following human‐driven extinction events, synchronous marine megafaunal replacement events occurred at around 1500 AD, coinciding with the Little Ice Age onset and an associated drastic human demographic decline in southern New Zealand.ConclusionsA combination of climatic and human demographic shifts likely facilitated northward expansion of subantarctic sea lion and penguin lineages, replacing extirpated mainland New Zealand marine megafauna. Broadly, the interaction between human pressure and late Holocene climatic change may explain multiple biological turnover events in the Southern Hemisphere.
What goes around comes around: an investigation of resistance to proliferative kidney disease in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) following experimental re‐exposure
Authors: Bailey C , Segner H , Wahli T 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss surviving proliferative kidney disease (PKD) are reported not to develop the disease upon re‐exposure. However, the mechanisms involved in the immune response to re‐exposure are unknown. We examined disease susceptibility and the immune response of naive 1+ rainbow trout when first exposed to Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae in comparison with that of 1+ rainbow trout re‐exposed to T. bryosalmonae. PKD pathogenesis, parasite burden and transcriptional signatures of the host immune response were assessed at 10, 25 and 40 d.p.e (days post‐exposure). In addition, we evaluated the presence of IgM+ B cells in the blood and the posterior kidney. The exposure of 1+ rainbow trout to T. bryosalmonae for the first time resulted in 100% infection prevalence, high parasite burdens and severe clinical PKD, while re‐exposed fish were either able to avoid reinfection completely or mount an earlier and more efficient adaptive‐type immune response. This response was characterized by a greater amount of IgM+ B cells in the blood and elevated mRNA levels of secretory IgM in the posterior kidney which minimized pathogen burden and kidney inflammation. Our findings suggest that rainbow trout is able to develop immune protection against T. bryosalmonae.
Piscirickettsia salmonis infection in cultured lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.)
Authors: Marcos‐López M , Ruane N M , Scholz F , Bolton‐Warberg M , Mitchell S O , Murphy O'Sullivan S , Irwin Moore A , Rodger H D 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA Piscirickettsia salmonis infection was diagnosed in lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus L.) juveniles held in a marine research facility on the west coast of Ireland. The main clinical signs and pathology included marked ascites, severe multifocal liver necrosis and severe diffuse inflammation and necrosis of the exocrine pancreas and peri‐pancreatic adipose tissue. Numerous Piscirickettsia‐like organisms were observed by histopathology in the affected organs, and the bacterial species was characterized by molecular analysis. Sequencing of the partial 16S rDNA gene and internal transcribed spacer region showed the lumpfish sequences to be closely related to previously identified Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) sequences from Ireland. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first detection of P. salmonis in lumpfish worldwide. The infection is considered potentially significant in terms of lumpfish health and biosecurity.
A review of the nutritional challenges experienced by people living with severe mental illness: a role for dietitians in addressing physical health gaps
Authors: Teasdale S. B. , Samaras K. , Wade T. , Jarman R. , Ward P. B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPeople experiencing a severe mental illness (SMI), such as schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar affective disorder or depression with psychotic features, have a 20‐year mortality gap compared to the general population. This ‘scandal of premature mortality’ is primarily driven by preventable cardiometabolic disease, and recent research suggests that the mortality gap is widening. Multidisciplinary mental health teams often include psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, specialist mental health nurses, social workers and occupational therapists, offering a range of pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments to enhance the recovery of clients who have experienced, or are experiencing a SMI. Until recently, lifestyle and life skills interventions targeting the poor physical health experienced by people living with SMI have not been offered in most routine clinical settings. Furthermore, there are calls to include dietary intervention as mainstream in psychiatry to enhance mental health recovery. With the integration of dietitians being a relatively new approach, it is important to review and assess the literature to inform practice. This review assesses the dietary challenges experienced by people with a SMI and discusses potential strategies for improving mental and physical health.
The de novo autism spectrum disorder RELN R2290C mutation reduces Reelin secretion and increases protein disulfide isomerase expression
Authors: Lammert Dawn B. , Middleton Frank A. , Pan Jen , Olson Eric C. , Howell Brian W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDespite the recent identification of over 40 missense heterozygous Reelin gene (RELN) mutations in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), none of these has been functionally characterized. Reelin is an integral signaling ligand for proper brain development and post‐natal synapse function – properties likely disrupted in ASD patients. We find that the R2290C mutation, which arose de novo in an affected ASD proband, and other analogous mutations in arginine‐amino acid‐arginine domains reduce protein secretion. Closer analysis of RELN R2290C heterozygous neurospheres reveals up‐regulation of Protein Disulfide Isomerase A1, best known as an endoplasmic reticulum‐chaperone protein, which has been linked to neuronal pathology. This effect is recapitulated in a heterozygous RELN mouse mutant that is characterized by defective Reelin secretion. These findings suggest that both a deficiency in Reelin signaling and pathologic impairment of Reelin secretion may contribute to ASD risk.
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Cracking the neural code, treating paralysis and the future of bioelectronic medicine
Authors: Bouton C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe human nervous system is a vast network carrying not only sensory and movement information, but also information to and from our organs, intimately linking it to our overall health. Scientists and engineers have been working for decades to tap into this network and ‘crack the neural code’ by decoding neural signals and learning how to ‘speak’ the language of the nervous system. Progress has been made in developing neural decoding methods to decipher brain activity and bioelectronic technologies to treat rheumatoid arthritis, paralysis, epilepsy and for diagnosing brain‐related diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. In a recent first‐in‐human study involving paralysis, a paralysed male study participant regained movement in his hand, years after his injury, through the use of a bioelectronic neural bypass. This work combined neural decoding and neurostimulation methods to translate and re‐route signals around damaged neural pathways within the central nervous system. By extending these methods to decipher neural messages in the peripheral nervous system, status information from our bodily functions and specific organs could be gained. This, one day, could allow real‐time diagnostics to be performed to give us a deeper insight into a patient's condition, or potentially even predict disease or allow early diagnosis. The future of bioelectronic medicine is extremely bright and is wide open as new diagnostic and treatment options are developed for patients around the world.
Respiratory virus detection during hospitalisation for lower respiratory tract infection in children under 2 years in South Auckland, New Zealand
Authors: Trenholme Adrian A , Best Emma J , Vogel Alison M , Stewart Joanna M , Miller Charissa J , Lennon Diana R 
Published: April 2017

AimTo describe respiratory virus detection in children under 2 years of age in a population admitted with lower respiratory infection and to assess correlation with measures of severity.MethodsNasopharyngeal aspirates from infants admitted with lower respiratory tract infection (n = 1645) over a 3‐year time period were tested by polymerase chain reaction. We collected epidemiological and clinical data on all children. We assessed the correlation of presence of virus with length of hospital stay, intensive care admission and consolidation on chest X‐ray.ResultsOf the children admitted 34% were Maori, 43% Pacific and 75% lived in areas in the bottom quintile for socio‐economic deprivation. A virus was found in 94% of those tested including 30% with multiple viruses. Picornavirus was present in 59% including 34% as the sole virus. Respiratory syncytial virus was found in 39%. Virus co‐detection was not associated with length of stay, chest X‐ray changes or intensive care unit admission.ConclusionIn this disadvantaged predominately Maori and Pacific population, picornavirus is commonly found as a sole virus, respiratory syncytial virus is frequent but immunisation preventable influenza is infrequent. We did not find that co‐detection of viruses was linked to severity.
Analysis of the variability of food texture properties: Application to the fracturability of dry pet food
Authors: Gouriou Benjamin , Bressolette Philippe , Vial Christophe 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAn original stochastic finite element method (SFEM) is proposed for the texture analysis of food products for which samples cannot be standardized. SFEM is able to distinguish shape and texture variability. As an illustration, the methodology is applied to dry cat food using compression testing. First, a deterministic damage elastic model depending on six mechanical and three size parameters is shown to fit adequately experimental data. Then, Morris screening method is applied to FEM data: this highlights that the variability of compression tests is significantly affected by two mechanical and two size parameters. Finally, the nonlinear variability of each control variable is estimated from Sobol indices derived from a time‐efficient stochastic collocation method. These highlight that the contribution of size parameters to test variability is about 20%. Therefore, a robust estimation of the probability density function of texture properties can be obtained for improved quality control, which outperforms current methods.Practical applicationsFood texture is affected by their material property and geometrical structure. Material properties are difficult to estimate when the size and shape of the samples cannot be standardized, for example, for snack or pet food. In addition, the intrinsic variability of material properties due to the recipe and the process cannot be neglected. But this cannot be easily distinguished from the variability of geometrical parameters using conventional methods. An innovative approach using stochastic finite element method is developed and is able to exhibit the major parameters influencing the variability of the response to mechanical testing. This methodology may be helpful to improve acceptance sampling control procedures, for example, by combining texture and size measurements when necessary, or by better determining the most robust response variables for decision‐making.
NK cells in self‐limited HCV infection exhibit a more extensively differentiated, but not memory‐like, repertoire
Authors: de Groen R. A. , Groothuismink Z. M. A. , van Oord G. , Kootstra N. A. , Janssen H. L. A. , Prins M. , Schinkel J. , Boonstra A. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryNatural killer (NK) cells have long been thought of as a purely innate immune cell population, but increasing reports have described developmental and functional qualities of NK cells that are commonly associated with cells of the adaptive immune system. Of these features, the ability of NK cells to acquire functional qualities associated with immunological memory and continuous differentiation resulting in the formation of specific NK cell repertoires has recently been highlighted in viral infection settings. By making use of a unique cohort of monitored, at‐risk intravenous drug users in this study, we were able to dissect the phenotypic and functional parameters associated with NK cell differentiation and NK cell memory in patients 3 years after acute HCV infection and either the subsequent self‐clearance or progression to chronicity. We observed increased expression of cytolytic mediators and markers CD56bright and NKp46+ of NK cells in patients with chronic, but not self‐limited HCV infection. Patients with a self‐limited infection expressed higher levels of differentiation‐associated markers CD57 and KIRs, and lower levels of NKG2A. A more extensively differentiated NK cell phenotype is associated with self‐clearance in HCV patients, while the NK cells of chronic patients exhibited more naïve and effector NK cell phenotypic and functional characteristics. The identification of these distinct NK cell repertoires may shed light on the role NK cells play in determining the outcome of acute HCV infections, and the underlying immunological defects that lead to chronicity.
Recluse spiders produce flattened silk rapidly using a highly modified, self‐sufficient spinning apparatus
Authors: Magalhaes I. L. F. , Ravelo A. M. , Scioscia C. L. , Peretti A. V. , Michalik P. , Ramírez M. J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractArthropod silk is among the most remarkable materials produced by animals, and is diverse in chemical composition and strand morphology. Different types of silk are produced by different spinning processes, and spiders show the greatest diversity in both. Extremely flattened silk strands with exceptional properties are spun by recluse spiders (Loxosceles spp.) using a single pair of spigots, but this spinning process remains unknown. We here combine movies, electron microscopy, and X‐ray microscopy to investigate how Loxosceles laeta spin their peculiar silk. We found that L. laeta show a unique weaving behaviour: the two anterior lateral spinnerets move very rapidly (8.5–13 times per second), each spinning a single strand of silk that is held by the posterior spinnerets; the silk is never pulled with the legs. Outgroup comparison with closely related spider families reveals that recluse spiders have a highly modified spinneret morphology, with elongate anterior spinnerets, a diastema between the spinnerets, modified setae that possibly help holding the silk strands, and long and thin muscles associated to the spinnerets. In contrast to all other arthropods, these morphological specializations allow them to rapidly spin without using the legs or the substrate – revealing the first self‐sufficient spinning apparatus in arthropods. This explains how a dense, sticky silk can be constructed from a single pair of spigots in a fast manner.
The microbially mediated soil organic carbon loss under degenerative succession in an alpine meadow
Authors: Zhang Yuguang , Liu Xiao , Cong Jing , Lu Hui , Sheng Yuyu , Wang Xiulei , Li Diqiang , Liu Xueduan , Yin Huaqun , Zhou Jizhong , Deng Ye 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLand‐cover change has long been recognized as having marked effect on the amount of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the microbially mediated processes and mechanisms on SOC are still unclear. In this study, the soil samples in a degenerative succession from alpine meadow to alpine steppe meadow in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau were analysed using high‐throughput technologies, including Illumina sequencing and geochip functional gene arrays. The soil microbial community structure and diversity were significantly (p < .05) different between alpine meadow and alpine steppe meadow; the microbial ɑ‐diversity in alpine steppe meadow was significantly (p < .01) higher than in alpine meadow. Molecular ecological network analysis indicated that the microbial community structure in alpine steppe meadow was more complex and tighter than in the alpine meadow. The relative abundance of soil microbial labile carbon degradation genes (e.g., pectin and hemicellulose) was significantly higher in alpine steppe meadow than in alpine meadow, but the relative abundance of soil recalcitrant carbon degradation genes (e.g., chitin and lignin) showed the opposite tendency. The Biolog Ecoplate experiment showed that microbially mediated soil carbon utilization was more active in alpine steppe meadow than in alpine meadow. Consequently, more soil labile carbon might be decomposed in alpine steppe meadow than in alpine meadow. Therefore, the degenerative succession of alpine meadow because of climate change or anthropogenic activities would most likely decrease SOC and nutrients medicated by changing soil microbial community structure and their functional potentials for carbon decomposition.