bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraocular implant calculation based on the fellow eye measurements
Authors: Kalemaki M. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo estimate the postoperative refractive error when the use of the IOL‐Master is not possible in Cataract Surgery and the calculation of the Intraocular Lens (IOL) is based on the fellow eye measurements.MethodsThe records of 150 patients who underwent Cataract surgery between September 2015 and September 2016 were reviewed. Performing IOL‐Master measurements was not possible and the calculation of the IOL was based on the IOL‐Master measurements of the fellow eye.ResultsThe refractive error was −0.75 sph with a standard deviation from −1.25 to +0.75.ConclusionsIOL calculation can be based on the IOL‐Master measurements of the fellow eye, when measurements of the eye that is about to be operated cannot be performed.
Nrf‐2 and PGC1‐alpha deletion affects ultrastructural changes in retinal pigmented epithelium associated with the changes of oxidative stress and autophagy markers expression pattern in compound null mice
Authors: Kivinen N. , Viiri J. , Koskela A. , Kettunen M. , Koistinen A. , Winiarczyk M. , Kauppinen A. , Kaarniranta K. , Felszeghy S. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThere is increasing evidence that NF‐E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf‐2) and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐gamma coactivator 1‐alpha (PGC‐1α) participate in age‐related retinal degeneration process. Our study aimed to provide de novo, in and ex vivo high‐resolution imaging of eyes from different degenerative mouse models mimicking cellular changes observed in aged retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE).MethodsThe gross morphological alterations of eyes were analyzed by in vivo micro MRI. Oxidative stress marker (4‐HNE) and the autophagy regulators (p62/SQSTM1, Beclin‐1, LC3, Ubiquitin) were examined on thin wax sections by highly specific immunohistochemistry using semi‐quantitative computer aided image analysis. Moreover accurate transmission electron microscopy ultrastructural assay was carried out to monitor the organelle changes in the RPE obtained from Nrf‐2/PGC‐1α knockout mice.ResultsCollectively, age‐related autophagy decline and mitochondrial dysfunction was recorded in the RPE joined with upregulation of stress related biomarkers.ConclusionsTaken together, our experimental data highlight for the first time that common deletion of Nrf‐2 and PGC‐1α might appear to have potential and broad applicability for retinal aging research.
Neuro‐retinal changes evaluation in multiple sclerosis patients: 10 years follow‐up
Authors: Rodrigo M.J. , Garcia‐Martin E. , Orduna E. , Vilades E. , Satue M. , Cipres M. , Obis J. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo analyze functional and structural changes in the retina and optic nerve (ON) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to healthy controls (C) and after 10 years of follow‐up.MethodsFifty eyes of patients with mild‐moderate MS were evaluated and compared to 50 eyes of C at a baseline visit and at 10 years of follow‐up. The following functional parameters were evaluated: best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA), color vision examined with the Ishihara test, and mean deviation of visual field (VF) analyzed using the Humphrey perimetry. The structural parameters of the ON were also studied using the NSITE axonal application of the optical coherence tomograph (OCT) Heidelberg Spectralis.ResultsNo differences were found in the functional parameters in MS patients compared to C, neither at 10 years of follow‐up (p > 0.05). However a statistically significant decrease was observed in the structural parameters between C and MS patients at 10 years of follow‐up: mean, nasal‐inferior (NI), temporal‐inferior (TI), temporal (T), temporal‐superior (TS), papillomacular bundle and nasal/temporal (N/T) ratio thickness (p < 0.001), but also in the axonal thickness, specifically in the mean, TI, T, TS, papillomacular bundle and N/T ratio thickness (p < 0.001) measured with OCT in patients with MS after 10 years of disease progression. A higher functional disability using the Expanded Disability Status Scale was also recorded.ConclusionsAxonal damage can be analyzed and quantified in the retina and ON using the OCT in MS. Patients with MS showed significant decrease in the retina nerve fiber layer at 10 years of follow–up compared to C and a progressive axonal death (without outbreaks) that could be detected and quantified using the OCT, but not with the functional tests (BCVA, color and VF).
Visual function in multiple sclerosis patients treated with Fingolimob during two years of follow‐up
Authors:  Ciprés Alastuey M. , García Martín E. , Bambó Rubio M.P. , Vilades Palomar E. , Satué Palacián M. , Obis Alfaro J. , Rodrigo Sanjuan M.J. , Orduna Hospital E. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo evaluate visual function changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with Fingolimob during two years.MethodsA total of 31 eyes of 16 MS patients that were going to start Fingolimob treatment were included. All of them underwent an ophtalmic examination including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using ETDRS optotype with 100%, 2,5% and 1.25% contrast; contrast sensitivity using CSV 100 E and Pelli‐Robson tests and cromatic vision using Farsworth and Lanthony D15 tests. Quality of life was evaluated by the MSQOL questionnaire. The same protocol was repeated 2 years later.ResultsA significant reduction of visual acuity was observed after two years of follow‐ up in 2.5% (0.33 ± 0.023 vs 0.39 ± 0.16; p < 0.001) and 1.25% (0.43 ± 0.05 vs 0.54 ± 0.22; p < 0.001) contrasts. All CSV frequencies showed a significant decrease except 18 cpd (3 cpd: 1.78 vs 1.73 ± 0.17; 6 cpd: 1.94 ± 0.17 vs 1.85 ± 0.24; 12 cpd: 1.69 vs 1.39 ± 0.37; p < 0.001). A progresive reduction in chromatic vision (Farnsworth and Lanthony test, p < 0.001) was also found. MSQOL‐54 questionnarie result was significatly lower after two years in physical (p = 0.023) and mental (p = 0.032) health sections.ConclusionsMS patients treated with Fingolimob present progressive changes in visual acuity, contrast sensivity, and chromatic vision. Visual function tests may be an useful tool to evaluate the progression of neurodegenerative diseases and treatment effectiveness.
Ophtara centers of expertise in France: Fostering collaborative research and patient care for rare eye diseases
Authors: Bremond‐Gignac D. , Mincheva Z. , DeVergnes N. , Valleix S. , Robert M. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe French National Reference Center on Rare Diseases in Ophthalmology OPHTARA was labeled in 2006. This expertise center (re‐labeling in 2017) includes Necker coordinating site, 3 component sites (Paris University Hospitals) and 16 national competence centers. Necker is unique center for rare eye diseases and ocular surgery for children. OPHTARA ensures patient care (children and adults) and covers all rare eye diseases, mostly genetically determined. OPHTARA and ocular genetics laboratory provides optimal genetic diagnosis.MethodsOPHTARA recent structure gathers together 20 centers of expertise (CEs) localized all over France and 2 overseas territories. The center is attached to the National HealthCare Network SENSGENE and it is unique consortium part of European Reference Network (ERN) EYE, accredited in 2016. Rare eye disorders were divided in 4 goupes: diseases of anterior/posterior segment, of lacrimal/eyelid/orbit/, panocular and syndromic.ResultsOPHTARA is incrementing a database for rare diseases CEMARA including actually 7600 registered patients (2008‐2017). The refferal Center established an optimal overall patient management strategy. OPHTARA develops actions concerning patient diagnosis, monitoring and care, research, clinical trials, education, professional training and information for patients and their families. The reference center defines healthcare protocols and guidelines, being the contact for many patient's associations.ConclusionsOPHTARA ensures a role of expertise, multidisciplinary care and follow‐up of patients thanks to the specific recognized skills of HCPs experts in rare ocular diseases. The networking could lead to the gathering of the scarce expertise in France to ensure high quality care for rare eye disease patients. European dimension of OPHTARA health care is proved by ERN EYE integration.
Microperimetry by optic nerve atrophy
Authors: Ioyleva E. , Krivosheeva M. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo develop an algorithm testing of patients with optic nerve atrophy by microperimetry with different types of functional disorders.MethodsThe study included 40 patients with bilateral atrophy of the optic nerve, age 33.0 ± 1.88 years, with confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. 11 patients had a history of monocular optic neuritis – the first group (11 eyes), 29 without a history of optic neuritis – the second group (29 eyes). Preliminary, a Humphrey HFA‐75i survey was conducted on a 120‐point testing program. Microperimetry was performed on the MR‐1 (Nidek technologies, Vigonza, Italy). We selected a pattern, fixation target, stimulus, test mode. In some cases it is necessary an individual selection of study parameters.ResultsThe authors developed an algorithm for testing patients with optic nerve atrophy due to multiple sclerosis. The first group (11 patients) – visus 0.1‐0.4 – pattern macula 12° 10 dB, stimulus Goldmann III, fixation target – single cross 4°. In the first group mean sensivity 8.21 ± 2.3 dB, central visual field defects and unstable fixation 91.81 ± 2.72%.The second group (29 patients) – visus 0.5‐1.0 – pattern retina 40° 20 dB, stimulus Goldmann III, fixation target – four crosses 4°. In the second group mean sensivity 15.32 ± 0.84 dB, central and paracentral visual field defects and stable fixation 91.81 ± 2.72%.The results of microperimetry differed depending on the size of visual field defects and visual acuity. Thus, in the group with low visual acuity, there was a lower central sensitivity and more significant defects of the central field of vision compared to the group with a high visual acuity.ConclusionsIn the “Eye Microsurgery Complex”, Moscow, at the first has been developed an algorithm of microperimetry in patients with MS with different visual acuity and stability of fixation.
Visual status of patient with syndrome of Moebius
Authors: BUSHUYEVA N. , Romanenko D. , Dukhayer S. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo analyze functional state of visual status in a patient with Moebius syndrome during 16 years of follow‐up.MethodsRetrospective analysis of clinical course of Moebius syndrome in a patient in the age 0.5 ‐ 16 years.ResultsParents appealed to the Institute because of unusual state of the child (lack of facial expressions and eye mobility). After the ophthalmologic and neurological examination, a diagnosis was made: Moebius syndrome. Underdevelopment of VII, IX, XII pairs of cranial nerves. Myopic astigmatism. At 10 years old facial asymmetry, exotropy with vertical component, positive traction test on both sides and lagophthalmus 3 mm at downgaze were noted. Best corrected visual acuity of both eyes is 0.2. Perimetry both eyes: concentric narrowing up to 40º from temporal and nasal sides, up to 20º from above and from below. Optic discs are pale, there are pigmentless sections of retinal dystrophy on the periphery and near the optic discs. Pleoptoortoptic treatment was carried out. As a result of regular courses of electrostimulation of extraocular muscles, by the age of 16, a tendency to insignificant motility of the eyes upwards appeared. Convergence was absent. Best corrected visual acuity decreased to 0.1 in both eyes. Significant help in diagnosis was provided by computer pupillography [Bushuyeva NN et al., 2003], which accurately records and measures pupil area. The initial size of the pupil area was: on the right eye 17.9 sq mm, and on the left eye 13.1 sq mm. After the flash, the pupil of the left eye narrowed to 3.7 sq mm and the right eye ‐ to 15.2 sq mm.ConclusionsPupillography allows evaluating vegetative nervous system status in Moebius syndrome patients. Electrostimulation of extraocular muscles allows slightly improving ocular motility of these patients. Obtained data needs further investigations on larger number of patients
Timing of changes in the entropy of the electroretinogram with glaucoma
Authors: Sarossy M. , Aliahmad B. , Kumar D. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe Photopic Negative Response (PhNR) of the electroretinogram (ERG) has been shown to be reduced in glaucoma in clinical studies and animal models. Its slow and noisy nature makes the implicit time of the negative going peak of the response difficult to define, most studies have focussed on the amplitude of the response rather than its timing. In this study, we estimate the timing of changes in signal entropy in a normal and glaucoma cohort from the ERG with the PhNR stimulus.MethodsThe left eyes of 21 glaucoma patients (age 34–86 mean 66.4) and 18 normal aged matched controls (44–84 mean 60.7) were tested. ERGs were measured with the LKC RetEval device with the integrated skin electrodes using a red flash stimulus (4ms) on a blue background (10 cd/m2) after preadaptation using the mini‐Ganzfeld. B‐wave amplitude and implicit time were measured with the device software. Entropy analysis was performed in R on each raw sweep with a sliding window of 150 samples. The window was advanced in increments of one sample. The entropy at each window timepoint was averaged for all the sweeps. The terminal rise in entropy was detected by finding the maximum of the first derivative after filtration with the Komolgorov Zurbenko adaptive (kza) filter.ResultsThere was no difference between the glaucomas and controls in the implicit time of the b‐wave (31.1 ms vs 30.6 ms p = 0.66) or its amplitude (19.3 vs 17.0 mv p = 0.18). The timing of the rise in entropy after the b‐wave was significantly different with the glaucoma cohort rising sooner (74.7 ms vs 79.8 ms p = 0.04). The gradient of the entropy rise was not significantly different.ConclusionsThe entropy rise after the flash stimulation corresponds to the end of the electrical activity evoked by the stimulus. The difference in glaucoma may be due to a relative loss of peripheral ganglion cells.
Across‐frequency impairment in seeing a temporal gap
Authors: Hirose N. , Okuda Y. , Mori S. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo assess the effects of employing separate spatial frequencies for leading and trailing markers on detection of a temporal gap between the two markers.MethodsTwelve normal observers were tested to measure gap detection thresholds. Gaussian‐windowed sinusoidal gratings were used for markers bounding a gap and thresholds were determined using an adaptive tracking procedure. Spatial frequencies of the leading and the trailing markers were orthogonally manipulated to be either 2 or 4 cpd. The trailing markers were tilted slightly clockwise from the vertical leading markers in order to isolate the effects of frequency change from those of pattern change. In separate blocks of trials, four combinations of the leading and trailing frequencies were tested.ResultsWith markers of identical frequency, gap thresholds were higher for 4 cpd than for 2 cpd markers, replicating well‐established findings of impaired temporal resolution with increasing spatial frequency. Gap thresholds for markers of different frequencies were even higher than the 4‐cpd within‐frequency thresholds.ConclusionsSeeing a temporal gap becomes difficult when spatial frequency change is introduced between gap markers. We propose that temporal processing across different spatial frequency channels leads to impaired gap detection.
Orbital lymphoma presenting as a recurrence of posterior scleritis after treatment with adalimumab
Authors: Deroo L. , Vermeersch H. , Willaert R. , De Keyzer F. , Vanneuville B. , De Schryver I. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo report a case of recurrent therapy‐resistant posterior scleritis in a patient with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Following treatment with a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi), an orbital lymphoma masquerading as a recurrence of posterior scleritis occurred.MethodsRetrospective chart review.ResultsA 62‐year‐old woman was diagnosed with a unilateral posterior scleritis in 2008. Ophthalmological workup, including orbital imaging, confirmed the diagnosis. Complete systemic workup revealed a seronegative RA. Due to limited responsiveness to corticosteroids and conventional immunosuppressive therapy, adalimumab, a TNFi, was successfully initiated. Despite a recurrence‐free period of 27 months, a relapse of posterior scleritis occurred. Systemic evaluation and orbital imaging showed a small orbital mass. Orbital biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of an extranodal marginal zone lymphoma or MALT.ConclusionsAdalimumab is effective as a second‐line anti‐inflammatory drug in posterior scleritis. Studying the link between lymphoma and RA, several reports confirm an increased risk of lymphomas in RA with high disease activity. Although TNFi increases the risk of melanoma, there appears to be no increased risk of lymphoma. Whether it may be related to the underlying disease rather than to the treatment, ophthalmologists should be aware of the risk of a lymphoma.
Immunosuppression for uveal effusion syndrome – a report of two cases
Authors: Staniszewski B. , Forrester J.V. , Kuffova L. 
Published: September 2017

PurposeUveal effusion syndrome (UES) is a rare inflammatory disease characterised by massive choroidal detachment due to accumulation of fluid in the suprachoroidal space. There may also be an associated exudative retinal detachment (ERD). The cause of UES is not known but can be primary due to connective tissue disease (1) or secondary to inflammatory disease. We report two cases of secondary UES cases which were refractory to treatment and discuss further management.MethodsA case series of two patients presenting to a hospital in United Kingdom with ocular symptoms secondary to UES.ResultsCase 1 presented with reduced vision and photopsia in one eye without obvious signs of inflammation while case 2 presented with a painful red eye associated with epiphora and increased intraocular pressure. Large uveal effusions and ERD were clinically apparent on fundoscopy in both patients and an inflammatory etiology was presumed. Both patients suffered a severe relapsing course requiring repeated adjustments to their immunosuppressive therapies ‐ several pulses of intravenous methylprednisolone for exacerbations of the disease plus mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (case 1) and azathioprine (case 2). Failure to respond required a cycle of cyclophosphamide (pulse 15 mg/kg/infusion) which settled the disease in case 2. However, case 1 failed to respond and is treated with 8‐weekly course of Remsima infusions (anti‐TNFa, 5 mg/kg/infusion) which led to essentially complete resolution of the effusion while maintaining patient's vision.ConclusionsUES is a rare condition which is difficult to manage. In cases of secondary inflammatory UES a range of immunosuppressants may be required to achieve resolution of the disease.1. Forrester et.al (1990) The uveal effusion syndrome and trans‐scleral flow. Eye 4: 354‐65.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Lowering for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Among Men With Primary Elevations of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels of 190 mg/dL or Above
Authors: Vallejo-Vaz Antonio J. , Robertson Michele , Catapano Alberico L. , Watts Gerald F. , Kastelein John J. , Packard Chris J. , Ford Ian , Ray Kausik K. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Patients with primary elevations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥190 mg/dL are at a higher risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease as a result of long-term exposure to markedly elevated LDL-C levels. Therefore, initiation of statin therapy is recommended for these individuals. However, there is a lack of randomized trial evidence supporting these recommendations in primary prevention. In the present analysis, we provide hitherto unpublished data on the cardiovascular effects of LDL-C lowering among a primary prevention population with LDL-C ≥190 mg/dL.

Methods:
We aimed to assess the benefits of LDL-C lowering on cardiovascular outcomes among individuals with primary elevations of LDL-C ≥190 mg/dL without preexisting vascular disease at baseline. We performed post hoc analyses from the WOSCOPS (West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study) randomized, placebo-controlled trial, and observational posttrial long-term follow-up, after excluding individuals with evidence of vascular disease at baseline. WOSCOPS enrolled 6595 men aged 45 to 64 years, who were randomly assigned to pravastatin 40 mg/d or placebo. In the present analyses, 5529 participants without evidence of vascular disease were included, stratified by LDL-C levels into those with LDL-C <190 mg/dL (n=2969; mean LDL-C 178±6 mg/dL) and those with LDL-C ≥190 mg/dL (n=2560; mean LDL-C 206±12 mg/dL). The effect of pravastatin versus placebo on coronary heart disease and major adverse cardiovascular events were assessed over the 4.9-year randomized controlled trial phase and on mortality outcomes over a total of 20 years of follow-up.

Results:

Among 5529 individuals without vascular disease, pravastatin reduced the risk of coronary heart disease by 27% (
P
=0.002) and major adverse cardiovascular events by 25% (
P
=0.004) consistently among those with and without LDL-C ≥190 mg/dL (
P
-interaction >0.9). Among individuals with LDL-C ≥190 mg/dL, pravastatin reduced the risk of coronary heart disease by 27% (
P
=0.033) and major adverse cardiovascular events by 25% (
P
=0.037) during the initial trial phase and the risk of coronary heart disease death, cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality by 28% (
P
=0.020), 25% (
P
=0.009), and 18% (
P
=0.004), respectively, over a total of 20 years of follow-up.

Conclusions:
The present analyses provide robust novel evidence for the short- and long-term benefits of lowering LDL-C for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease among individuals with primary elevations of LDL-C ≥190 mg/dL.
An investigation of the use of the Kinect system as a measure of dynamic balance and forward reach in the elderly
Authors: Hsiao Ming-Yen , Li Chia-Ming , Lu I-Shu , Lin Yu-Hung , Wang Tyng-Guey , Han Der-Sheng 
Published: September 2017

Objective: To investigate the reliability and correlations of Kinect-derived valuables of forward reach distance and velocity with the traditional functional reach distance, scores on posturography, and other measures of physical fitness. Design: Observational study. Setting: Community hospital. Subjects: Individuals >65 years who attended a geriatric health examination were enrolled. Main measures: The Kinect system was used to record the reach distance and velocity of the forward reach test. Center of pressure displacement was measured by posturography. Physical fitness performance was assessed using the 2-Minute Step Test, the 30-Second Chair Stand Test, the Sit-and-Reach Test, grip strength, and walking speed. Results: A total of 442 individuals were enrolled (mean age: 73.3 ± 5.2 years). Forward reach tracking using the Kinect system showed good repeatability and correlated with traditional functional reach ( r = 0.719, P < 0.001); the reaching velocity correlated with scores on posturography ( r = −0.257, P = 0.047). Reach distances were significantly decreased in the older group (≥75 years) than in the younger group (<75 years) ( P < 0.001). Conclusion: The Kinect system provides a simple, reliable, and age-sensitive assessment of balance in older adults. The valuables correlate with the traditional functional reach, scores on posturography, and physical fitness performance. It provides alternative representation of both static and dynamic balance function.