bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slip Behavior of the Queen Charlotte Plate Boundary Before and After the 2012, MW 7.8 Haida Gwaii Earthquake: Evidence From Repeating Earthquakes
Authors: Hayward Tim W. , Bostock Michael G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Queen Charlotte plate boundary, near Haida Gwaii, B.C., includes the dextral, strike‐slip, Queen Charlotte Fault (QCF) and the subduction interface between the downgoing Pacific and overriding North American plates. In this study, we present a comprehensive repeating earthquake catalog that represents an effective slip meter for both structures. The catalog comprises 712 individual earthquakes (0.3≤MW≤3.5) arranged into 224 repeating earthquake families on the basis of waveform similarity and source separation estimates from coda wave interferometry. We employ and extend existing relationships for repeating earthquake magnitudes and slips to provide cumulative slip histories for the QCF and subduction interface in six adjacent zones within the study area between 52.3°N and 53.8°N. We find evidence for creep on both faults; however, creep rates are significantly less than plate motion rates, which suggests partial locking of both faults. The QCF exhibits the highest degrees of locking south of 52.8°N, which indicates that the seismic hazard for a major strike‐slip earthquake is highest in the southern part of the study area. The 28 October 2012, MW 7.8 Haida Gwaii thrust earthquake occurred in our study area and altered the slip dynamics of the plate boundary. The QCF is observed to undergo accelerated, right‐lateral slip for 1–2 months following the earthquake. The subduction interface exhibits afterslip thrust motion that persists for the duration of the study period (i.e., 3 years and 2 months after the Haida Gwaii earthquake). Afterslip is greatest (5.7–8.4 cm/yr) on the periphery of the main rupture zone of the Haida Gwaii event.
Coherent Response of Antarctic Intermediate Water and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation During the Last Deglaciation: Reconciling Contrasting Neodymium Isotope Reconstructions From the Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Gu Sifan , Liu Zhengyu , Zhang Jiaxu , Rempfer Johannes , Joos Fortunat , Oppo Delia W. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAntarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) plays important roles in the global climate system and the global ocean nutrient and carbon cycles. However, it is unclear how AAIW responds to global climate changes. In particular, neodymium isotopic composition (εNd) reconstructions from different locations from the tropical Atlantic have led to a debate on the relationship between northward penetration of AAIW into the tropical Atlantic and the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) variability during the last deglaciation. We resolve this controversy by studying the transient oceanic evolution during the last deglaciation using a neodymium‐enabled ocean model. Our results suggest a coherent response of AAIW and AMOC: when AMOC weakens, the northward penetration and transport of AAIW decrease while its depth and thickness increase. Our study highlights that as part of the return flow of the North Atlantic Deep Water, the northward penetration of AAIW in the Atlantic is determined predominately by AMOC intensity. Moreover, the inconsistency among different tropical Atlantic εNd reconstructions is reconciled by considering their corresponding core locations and depths, which were influenced by different water masses in the past. The very radiogenic water from the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, which was previously overlooked in the interpretations of deglacial εNd variability, can be transported to shallow layers during active AMOC and modulates εNd in the tropical Atlantic. Changes in the AAIW core depth must also be considered. Thus, interpretation of εNd reconstructions from the tropical Atlantic is more complicated than suggested in previous studies.
Fabrication of Calcium Phosphate‐Based Nanocomposites Incorporating DNA Origami, Gold Nanorods, and Anticancer Drugs for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Zhang Hongbo , Qu Xiangmeng , Chen Hong , Kong Haixin , Ding Ruihua , Chen Dong , Zhang Xu , Pei Hao , Santos Hélder A. , Hai Mingtan , Weitz David A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDNA origami is designed by folding DNA strands at the nanoscale with arbitrary control. Due to its inherent biological nature, DNA origami is used in drug delivery for enhancement of synergism and multidrug resistance inhibition, cancer diagnosis, and many other biomedical applications, where it shows great potential. However, the inherent instability and low payload capacity of DNA origami restrict its biomedical applications. Here, this paper reports the fabrication of an advanced biocompatible nano‐in‐nanocomposite, which protects DNA origami from degradation and facilities drug loading. The DNA origami, gold nanorods, and molecular targeted drugs are co‐incorporated into pH responsive calcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] nanoparticles. Subsequently, a thin layer of phospholipid is coated onto the Ca3(PO4)2 nanoparticle to offer better biocompatibility. The fabricated nanocomposite shows high drug loading capacity, good biocompatibility, and a photothermal and pH‐responsive payload release profile and it fully protects DNA origami from degradation. The codelivery of DNA origami with cancer drugs synergistically induces cancer cell apoptosis, reduces the multidrug resistance, and enhances the targeted killing efficiency toward human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive cells. This nanocomposite is foreseen to open new horizons for a variety of clinical and biomedical applications.
Nonaqueous Hybrid Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Capacitors
Authors: Wang Huanwen , Zhu Changrong , Chao Dongliang , Yan Qingyu , Fan Hong Jin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHybrid metal‐ion capacitors (MICs) (M stands for Li or Na) are designed to deliver high energy density, rapid energy delivery, and long lifespan. The devices are composed of a battery anode and a supercapacitor cathode, and thus become a tradeoff between batteries and supercapacitors. In the past two decades, tremendous efforts have been put into the search for suitable electrode materials to overcome the kinetic imbalance between the battery‐type anode and the capacitor‐type cathode. Recently, some transition‐metal compounds have been found to show pseudocapacitive characteristics in a nonaqueous electrolyte, which makes them interesting high‐rate candidates for hybrid MIC anodes. Here, the material design strategies in Li‐ion and Na‐ion capacitors are summarized, with a focus on pseudocapacitive oxide anodes (Nb2O5, MoO3, etc.), which provide a new opportunity to obtain a higher power density of the hybrid devices. The application of Mxene as an anode material of MICs is also discussed. A perspective to the future research of MICs toward practical applications is proposed to close.
Palladium‐Loaded Hierarchical Flower‐like Tin Dioxide Structure as Chemosensor Exhibiting High Ethanol Response in Humid Conditions
Authors: Zito Cecilia A. , Perfecto Tarcísio M. , Volanti Diogo P. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe impact of humidity is a crucial factor in the sensing performance of a chemiresistive gas sensor. Therefore, strategies for developing sensors with a small humidity dependence are required. Herein, the volatile organic compound (VOC)‐sensing performance of palladium‐loaded hierarchical flower‐like tin dioxide structures (Pd/FL‐SnO2) under humid conditions is reported. To prepare the Pd/FL‐SnO2 heterostructures, FL‐SnO2 is first synthesized using a microwave‐assisted solvothermal method, followed by calcination, and then is loaded with Pd nanoparticles (NPs). VOC‐sensing studies are conducted in dry and wet air with relative humidities (RHs) between 25% and 98%. FL‐SnO2 and Pd/FL‐SnO2 exhibit an enhanced response toward ethanol in comparison with other VOCs, including acetone, benzene, methanol, m‐xylene, and toluene. However, FL‐SnO2 with Pd NPs has a substantially decreased optimal working temperature, from 340 to 140 °C, and an improved selectivity. Furthermore, the ethanol response of the Pd/FL‐SnO2 heterostructures is preserved under humid conditions, whereas the response of FL‐SnO2 is significantly affected by humidity. The response to 100 ppm of ethanol under 98% RH is 3.1 and 8.0 for neat FL‐SnO2 and 5% Pd/FL‐SnO2 heterostructure, respectively. The ethanol‐sensing performance enhancement under high humidity is attributed to the Pd/SnO2 heterointerface.
Metallic Sn‐Based Anode Materials: Application in High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion and Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Ying Hangjun , Han Wei‐Qiang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWith the fast‐growing demand for green and safe energy sources, rechargeable ion batteries have gradually occupied the major current market of energy storage devices due to their advantages of high capacities, long cycling life, superior rate ability, and so on. Metallic Sn‐based anodes are perceived as one of the most promising alternatives to the conventional graphite anode and have attracted great attention due to the high theoretical capacities of Sn in both lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) (994 mA h g−1) and sodium‐ion batteries (847 mA h g−1). Though Sony has used Sn–Co–C nanocomposites as its commercial LIB anodes, to develop even better batteries using metallic Sn‐based anodes there are still two main obstacles that must be overcome: poor cycling stability and low coulombic efficiency. In this review, the latest and most outstanding developments in metallic Sn‐based anodes for LIBs and SIBs are summarized. And it covers the modification strategies including size control, alloying, and structure design to effectually improve the electrochemical properties. The superiorities and limitations are analyzed and discussed, aiming to provide an in‐depth understanding of the theoretical works and practical developments of metallic Sn‐based anode materials.
Hierarchically Porous, Ultrathick, “Breathable” Wood‐Derived Cathode for Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Song Huiyu , Xu Shaomao , Li Yiju , Dai Jiaqi , Gong Amy , Zhu Mingwei , Zhu Chunliang , Chen Chaoji , Chen Yanan , Yao Yonggang , Liu Boyang , Song Jianwei , Pastel Glenn , Hu Liangbing 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work, a hierarchically porous and ultrathick “breathable” wood‐based cathode for high‐performance Li‐O2 batteries is developed. The 3D carbon matrix obtained from the carbonized and activated wood (denoted as CA‐wood) serves as a superconductive current collector and an ideal porous host for accommodating catalysts. The ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles are uniformly anchored on the porous wall of the aligned microchannels (denoted as CA‐wood/Ru). The aligned open microchannels inside the carbon matrix contribute to unimpeded oxygen gas diffusion. Moreover, the hierarchical pores on the microchannel walls can be facilely impregnated by electrolyte, forming a continuous supply of electrolyte. As a result, numerous ideal triphase active sites are formed where electrolyte, oxygen, and catalyst accumulate on the porous walls of microchannels. Benefiting from the numerous well‐balanced triple‐phase active sites, the assembled Li‐O2 battery with the CA‐wood/Ru cathode (thickness: ≈700 µm) shows a high specific area capacity of 8.58 mA h cm−2 at 0.1 mA cm−2. Moreover, the areal capacity can be further increased to 56.0 mA h cm−2 by using an ultrathick CA‐wood/Ru cathode with a thickness of ≈3.4 mm. The facile ultrathick wood‐based cathodes can be applied to other cathodes to achieve a super high areal capacity without sacrificing the electrochemical performance.
Ternary Organic Solar Cells with >11% Efficiency Incorporating Thick Photoactive Layer and Nonfullerene Small Molecule Acceptor
Authors: Zhang Tong , Zhao Xiaoli , Yang Dalei , Tian Yumeng , Yang Xiaoniu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCurrently, constructing ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) and developing nonfullerene small molecule acceptors (n‐SMAs) are two pivotal avenues to enhance the device performance. However, introducing n‐SMAs into the ternary OSCs to construct thick layer device is still a challenge due to their inferior charge transport property and unclear aggregation mechanism. In this work, a novel wide band gap copolymer 4,8‐bis(4,5‐dioctylthiophen‐2‐yl) benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐N‐(2‐hexyldecyl)‐5,5′‐bis(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bithiophene‐3,3′‐dicarboximide (PDOT) is designed and blend of PDOT:PC71BM achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.5% with active layer thickness over 200 nm. The rationally selected n‐SMA based on a bulky seven‐ring fused core (indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene) end‐capped with 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroinden‐1‐ylidene) malononitrile groups (ITIC) is introduced into the host binary PDOT:PC71BM system to extend the absorption range and reduce the photo energy loss. After fully investigating the morphology evolution of the ternary blends, the different aggregation behavior of n‐SMAs with respect to their fullerene counterpart is revealed and the adverse effect of introducing n‐SMAs on charge transport is successfully avoided. The ternary OSC delivers a PCE of 11.2% with a 230 nm thick active layer, which is among the highest efficiencies of thick layer OSCs. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using n‐SMAs to construct a thick layer ternary device for the first time, which will greatly promote the efficiency of thick layer ternary devices.
Liver dysfunction in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Prevalence, outcomes, and pathological findings
Authors: Hampel Paul J. , Chaffee Kari G. , King Rebecca L. , Simonetto Douglas , Larson Melissa C. , Achenbach Sara , Call Timothy G. , Ding Wei , Kenderian Saad S. , Leis Jose F. , Chanan‐Khan Asher A. , Bowen Deborah A. , Conte Michael J. , Schwager Susan M. , Hanson Curtis A. , Slager Susan L. , Kay Neil E. , Shanafelt Tait D. , Parikh Sameer A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe prevalence of liver dysfunction and its association with outcomes in patients with previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is unknown. Newly diagnosed (<12 months) previously untreated CLL patients seen at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN between 9/1993 and 4/2016 who had baseline assessment of at least one liver function test (LFT) were included in this analysis. The prevalence of liver dysfunction at baseline, proportion of patients who acquired LFT abnormalities, time to first therapy (TTFT) and overall survival (OS) were assessed. An abnormal LFT was present in 82/2336 (3.5%) patients at diagnosis and was associated with advanced Rai stage (Rai III–IV) (21% vs. 6%; P < .001), lower hemoglobin (13.1 g/dL vs. 13.9 g/dL; P < .001), and lower platelet count (187 × 109/L vs. 200 × 109/L; P = .03). Additionally, 236 patients with normal LFTs at diagnosis developed acquired liver dysfunction during follow‐up. Patients with abnormal LFTs at diagnosis had a shorter OS compared to those with normal LFTs (HR 1.80 95% CI 1.13‐2.87; P = .014, adjusted for age, sex, Rai stage, and treatment), although TTFT was not different. Of 52 patients who underwent a liver biopsy, CLL was present in liver tissue in 39/52 (73%) patients, with the portal tracts the most common region involved. Histopathology findings of liver involvement by CLL had limited correlation with choice of CLL therapy. In conclusion, approximately 1 of 25 newly diagnosed CLL patients has abnormal LFTs at diagnosis. Although the TTFT was not different among patients with abnormal LFTs, these patients have a shorter OS compared to those with normal LFTs.
Measuring arterial blood pressure in humans: Auscultatory and automatic measurement techniques for human biological field studies
Authors: James Gary D. , Gerber Linda M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHuman biologists have been examining arterial blood pressure since they began studying the effects of the environment and culture on the health of diverse populations. The Korotkoff auscultatory technique with a trained observer and aneroid sphygmomanometer is the method of choice for blood pressure measurement in many bioanthropological field contexts. Korotkoff sounds (the first and fifth phases) are the preferred determinants of systolic and diastolic pressure, even in infants, children, pregnant women, and the elderly. Training of observers, positioning of individuals, and selection of cuff size are all essential for obtaining standardized measurements. Automatic electronic devices are increasingly being used for blood pressure measurement in human biological studies. The automatic monitors often use the oscillometric method for measuring pressure, but must be validated before use. The emergence of automatic ambulatory blood pressure monitors has opened another avenue of research on blood pressure in human biology, where allostasis and circadian responses to environmental change and real life behavioral challenges can be defined and evaluated, largely because there is now the ability to make multiple measurements over time and in varying contexts. Stand‐alone automatic monitors can also be substituted for manual auscultated readings in field contexts, although in studies where participants measure their own pressure, education about how the devices work and protocol specifics are necessary. Finally, computer‐driven plethysmographic devices that measure pressure in the finger are available to evaluate short‐term reactivity to specific challenges.
Three‐dimensional image analysis for staging chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lim Sooyoung , Ramirez Michael V. , Garneau Jonathan C. , Ford Megan K. , McKeough Katherine , Ginat Daniel T. , Baroody Fuad M. , Armato Samuel G. , Pinto Jayant M. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundTraditional methods of staging chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) through imaging do not differentiate between degrees of partial mucosal sinus inflammation, thus limiting their utility as imaging biomarkers. We hypothesized that software‐aided, quantitative measurement of sinus inflammation would generate a metric of disease burden that would correlate with clinical parameters in patients with suspected sinus disease.MethodsAdults with rhinologic complaints undergoing computed tomography imaging were recruited at an urban, academic, tertiary care center (n = 45 with Lund‐Mackay [LM] scores ≥4). Three‐dimensional (3D) volumetric image analysis was performed using a semiautomated method to obtain a “Chicago‐modified Lund‐Mackay” (Chicago MLM) score, which provides a continuous scale to quantify extent of opacification. Linear regression was used to test the association of the Chicago MLM score with concurrent symptoms (Total Nasal Symptom Score [TNSS]) and disease‐specific quality of life, based on the Sinonasal Outcome Test‐22 (SNOT‐22).ResultsChicago MLM scores were significantly associated with both symptoms (p = 0.037) and disease‐specific quality of life (p = 0.007). Inflammation in the ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses appeared to influence these associations. These findings were even more robust when analysis was limited to patients with more severe disease (LM >6).ConclusionThe quantitative measurement of sinus inflammation by computer‐aided 3D analysis correlates modestly with both symptoms and disease‐specific quality of life. Posterior sinuses appear to have the greatest impact on these findings, potentially providing an anatomic target for clinicians to base therapy. The Chicago MLM score is a promising imaging biomarker for clinical and research use.
Comparison of surgical outcomes between patients with unilateral and bilateral chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Beswick Daniel M. , Mace Jess C. , Chowdhury Naweed I. , Alt Jeremiah A. , Hwang Peter H. , DeConde Adam S. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundAlthough the majority of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) suffer from bilateral disease, a subset suffer from unilateral disease. Currently, outcomes following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for medically recalcitrant CRS are inferred from outcomes for patients with bilateral disease. This study compares outcomes of ESS between patients with unilateral and bilateral disease.MethodsPatients with CRSsNP who failed appropriate medical therapy and elected ESS were enrolled between 2011 and 2015. Patients were dichotomized according to radiographic evidence of unilateral disease (Lund‐Mackay [LM] score = 0 for 1 side) or bilateral disease (LM ≥ 1 for both sides). The primary outcome of interest was the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22), with secondary outcomes including the Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT) and the Lund‐Kennedy (LK) endoscopy staging system.ResultsA total of 190 patients met inclusion criteria consisting of 19 with unilateral (10%) and 171 with bilateral CRSsNP (90%). Both groups were similar across all preoperative demographic factors, SNOT‐22, and BSIT scores. Postoperatively, patients with bilateral disease reported greater improvement in mean SNOT‐22 scores compared to unilateral disease, but this difference was not statistically or clinically significant (−24.3 ± 21.1 vs −21.5 ± 24.0, p = 0.582). Mean LK scores improved for patients with bilateral disease but not unilateral disease, without a difference between groups (−2.0 ± 3.5 vs −0.4 ± 2.4, p = 0.090).ConclusionPatients with unilateral CRSsNP experience improvement after ESS comparable to patients with bilateral disease on patient reported outcome measures.
Visible Light‐Induced Room‐Temperature Heck Reaction of Functionalized Alkyl Halides with Vinyl Arenes/Heteroarenes
Authors: Kurandina Daria , Parasram Marvin , Gevorgyan Vladimir 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe first visible light‐induced Pd‐catalyzed Heck reaction of α‐heteroatom substituted alkyl iodides and ‐bromides with vinyl arenes/heteroarenes has been developed. This transformation efficiently proceeds at room temperature and enables synthesis of valuable functionalized allylic systems, such as allylic silanes, boronates, germanes, stannanes, pivalates, phosphonates, phthalimides, and tosylates from the corresponding α‐substituted methyl iodides. Notably, synthesis of the latter substrates failed under existing thermally induced Pd‐catalyzed conditions, which highlights the importance of visible light for this transformation.
A Bottom‐Up Proteomic Approach to Identify Substrate Specificity of Outer‐Membrane Protease OmpT
Authors: Wood Sarah E. , Sinsinbar Gaurav , Gudlur Sushanth , Nallani Madhavan , Huang Che‐Fan , Liedberg Bo , Mrksich Milan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIdentifying peptide substrates that are efficiently cleaved by proteases gives insights into substrate recognition and specificity, guides development of inhibitors, and improves assay sensitivity. Peptide arrays and SAMDI mass spectrometry were used to identify a tetrapeptide substrate exhibiting high activity for the bacterial outer‐membrane protease (OmpT). Analysis of protease activity for the preferred residues at the cleavage site (P1, P1′) and nearest‐neighbor positions (P2, P2′) and their positional interdependence revealed FRRV as the optimal peptide with the highest OmpT activity. Substituting FRRV into a fragment of LL37, a natural substrate of OmpT, led to a greater than 400‐fold improvement in OmpT catalytic efficiency, with a kcat/Km value of 6.1×106 L mol−1 s−1. Wild‐type and mutant OmpT displayed significant differences in their substrate specificities, demonstrating that even modest mutants may not be suitable substitutes for the native enzyme.