bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The winding path for foreign companies: building R&D centers in China
Authors: Jolly Dominique , Masetti-Placci Francesco 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
Only a few foreign companies have started significant R&D activities in China. Although these forerunners have opened the door, their experience now needs to be transferred to followers. The purpose of this paper is to use this experience to offer some guidance to foreign companies wishing to launch R&D activities in China.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors’ recommendations are based on their investigation into 50 existing foreign R&D centers in China and one pioneering experience into the management of one of those centers. The authors especially investigated the questions of location, people and intellectual property rights, and relationships with authorities.

Findings
Foreign companies wishing to do R&D in China will have to adapt to an environment different from those they are used to. The authors draw up recommendations that should help them to find their way. They particularly emphasize location in or close to clusters, the type of relationships to be developed with public authorities and with the communist party, the specific characteristics needed by workers in those centers, the need for a cautious intellectual property rights approach and the key role of returnees in R&D centers. These findings are based on previous experience and lessons learned directly by the authors as well as through meetings with R&D executives and managers of medium/large foreign companies or joint ventures s in China.

Research limitations/implications
The Chinese research, development and innovation landscape has evolved rapidly and has still not stabilized. Consequently, the authors’ recommendations, which capture best practices and recently learned lessons, are applicable for the next five years. Some of them might change in the future as the overall national and international situation evolves.

Practical implications
These recommendations offer guidelines to companies without R&D centers established in China for expanding their international technology strategy. They will help companies already operating successful R&D centers to better leverage previous investments and efficiently set up and operate R&D activities in China.

Originality/value
China has been on the R&D map for only a few years as exemplified by the surge of scientific publications and patent deposits, making China the country with the most patents in the world. No foreign company engaged in R&D can ignore this fact. Yet, few papers have been published with “how to?” guidelines.
Fit-bitting the dog
Authors: Hirsch Peter Buell 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the increasing use of data monitoring of employees by companies. As companies gather data on employees’ keystrokes and mouse clicks, as well as data on employees’ movements and interactions during the work day, they have an opportunity to strengthen the relationship of trust between employer and employee or weaken it. This viewpoint attempts to lay out some opportunities to have a positive outcome in this changing relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
The viewpoint looks at current practices in the monitoring of employees through secondary research into published sources to arrive at some hypotheses about how companies could create value for employees with the data they are gathering.

Findings
The viewpoint concludes that the dangers of poisoning the employer/employee relationship through intrusive monitoring and abuse of the data collected are very real. However, there is also an opportunity to empower employees with the very data being gathered on their behaviors and activities.

Research limitations/implications
The findings are based largely on anecdotal insights and the views of individual corporate leaders and proponents of monitoring software. Primary research will be required to assess the actual opinions of employees about the monitoring software being used by their employers.

Practical implications
Those companies that embrace the empowerment of employees through the sharing of data being gathered and practice transparency about its gathering will gain competitive advantage as a favored employer.

Originality/value
Although there have been a significant number of articles describing the expansion in the digital monitoring of employees, the author is not aware of any discussion of the potential of this data gathering to produce positive results for employees.
The effect of cues on service quality expectations and service selection in a restaurant setting
Authors: Sweeney Jill , Armstrong Robert W. , Johnson Lester W. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to revisit our original paper published over 20 years ago and reflect on its purpose, contribution and what we can glean that might have implications for future research.

Design/methodology/approach
A Google Scholar search showed that the article was cited 74 times. We discuss some of the contexts in which it was cited and identify two research themes that have emanated from this paper and hold promise for future research.

Findings
We discuss two of the several contexts in which our research is discussed. These include the differential ways in which cues are used in a services context, including the ways in which different cues are used to evaluate services and how cues are used to develop consumer expectations.

Originality/value
The study, which was cited 74 times according to Google Scholar, was formative in terms of discussion of, for example, how a variety of cues influence customer expectations and service evaluation, and how categories of cues, such as marketer controlled versus non-marketer controlled and personal versus non-personal, impact outcomes. The retrospective analysis was helpful in both reflecting on the status quo on some of these issues and suggesting directions for future research.
The Effect of Flunitrazepam (Rohypnol®) on the Development of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and its Implications for Forensic Entomology
Authors: Baia Tainá Costa , Campos Alessandra , Wanderley Bruno Mattos Silva , Gama Renata Antonaci 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the potential effects of flunitrazepam (known as “date rape drug”) on the developmental cycle of Chrysomya megacephala, an important forensic species, and their possible implications for the calculation of the PMI. A 1050 C. megacephala eggs were divided into five groups with seven replications each. The eggs were placed on artificial diet prepared with four drug concentrations of flunitrazepam (4, 8, 16, and 32 ng/g), besides the control group (prepared with water). Were evaluated the potential effects on development time, weight gain, and mortality during the cycles. The drug had no significant effect on development time or mortality although it did affect the weight of the pupae and adults (Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.05). The result can be deduced that the determination of the postmortem interval is not affected.
Effectiveness of a Multimodal Intervention Program for Older Individuals Presenting to the Emergency Department After a Fall in the Northern French Alps Emergency Network
Authors: Ageron François‐Xavier , Ricard Cécile , Perrin‐Besson Sophie , Picot Françoise , Dumont Odile , Cabillic Sandrine , Haesevoet Marc , Dalmon Philippe , Gaillard Corine , Cezard Odile , Belle Loïc , Couturier Pascal 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveFall‐related visits to emergency departments (EDs) are common among older individuals. We aimed to assess effectiveness of a healthcare intervention program for the management of elderly patients admitted to EDs after a fall.MethodsUsing a before–after observation method, we investigated ED healthcare staff practices related to fall‐related injuries in 2010 (period 1) and 2012 (period 2) in 13 centers participating in the Northern French Alps Emergency Network. Following the identification of initial weaknesses, several information and training tools were introduced between the two periods to improve patient management. All individuals aged 75 years or over who presented to an ED after a fall were included in the study. We reviewed the completeness and quality of medical records during both periods and compared the rate of clinical–paraclinical check‐ups performed, geriatric evaluation/assessment in the ED, and the 1‐month recurrence of visits to the ED for the same reason.ResultsDuring period 1, a total of 2,425 falls were recorded, while 2,684 were reported in period 2. The 2012 medical charts contained significantly more information about risk factors than those of 2010. An electrocardiogram (64% vs. 53%; p < 0.001), biologic check‐up (65% vs. 57%; p < 0.001), balance, orthostatic hypotension, and cognitive impairment tests were more often performed in 2012. There was no change in the hospitalization rate, although short‐duration hospitalization in the ED was more frequent in 2012. Geriatrists were more often consulted by patients in 2012 (18% vs. 13%; p < 0.001) and more involved in ED evaluation and hospitalization. The intervention program had a beneficial impact on the fall recurrence rate (n = 29 [3.6%] in period 1 and n = 17 [2.0%] in period 2; odds ratio = 0.52; p = 0.037), which significantly decreased between 2010 and 2012.ConclusionsThe intervention program was associated with a decrease of fall recurrence. Further efforts should be made in EDs to ensure a sustained level of satisfactory and long‐lasting management of the elderly.
Resting state default mode network connectivity in children and adolescents with ADHD after acute tryptophan depletion
Authors: Biskup C. S. , Helmbold K. , Baurmann D. , Klasen M. , Gaber T. J. , Bubenzer‐Busch S. , Königschulte W. , Fink G. R. , Zepf F. D. 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveAlterations of the default mode network (DMN) have been described in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the neurotransmitter serotonin (5‐HT) is known to modulate DMN activity. This study aimed to explore the role of 5‐HT on the DMN and its functional connectivity (FC) in young patients with ADHD.MethodsYoung male patients with ADHD (n = 12) and healthy controls (n = 10) (both aged 12–17 years) were subjected to acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) and subsequently diminished brain 5‐HT synthesis. Three hours after challenge intake (ATD or a balanced control condition, BAL), resting state fMRI scans were obtained.ResultsIn patients, ATD led to attenuated FC of the right superior premotor cortex (BA 6) with the DMN, comparable to the extent found in controls after BAL administration. ATD lowered FC of the left somatosensory cortex (BA 3) with the DMN, independently of the factor group, but with stronger effects in controls.ConclusionsData reveal a serotonergic modulation of FC between BA 6 and 3, known to be relevant for motor planning and sensory perception, and the DMN, thereby possibly pointing toward ATD acting beneficially on neural planning of motor activity in patients with ADHD.
Management of acute traumatic intracranial haematoma in rural and remote areas of Australia
Authors: Gilligan John , Reilly Peter , Pearce Andrew , Taylor Danielle 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionOutcomes are reviewed with traumatic brain injury (TBI) involving intracranial haematomata (ICH) with patients in rural and remote areas of South Australia and adjacent states. Patients were referred to the Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH), a level 1 trauma centre with a major neurosurgical service.MethodFrom 2000 to 2013, 1107 multiple trauma cases included 162 with severe TBI. Local medical officers (LMOs) phoned a specific number to access resuscitative and neurosurgical advice. Onsite neurosurgical support was provided when requested. Specialist teams later retrieved these patients to RAH. Locations were coded according to the Accessibility/Remoteness Index of Australia (ARIA+). Injuries were coded using ICD 9 and 10.ResultsGeneral surgeon LMOs drained nine clinically progressive ICHs. Neurosurgical attendance was provided in four instances. Eight patients survived. The remaining 153 patients had other injuries involving thoraco‐abdominal organs, spine, pelvis and limbs. The overall mortality was 30%. Twenty‐six had ICHs requiring surgical drainage later at the RAH, with 46% mortality. Average Injury Severity Score was 30 (range 9–66). Male/female ratio was 76/24. Motor vehicular accidents predominated (60%), followed by falls (26%) and assaults (10%). Those under 30 years were overrepresented. Patients were transported a mean distance of 283 km (maximum distance 2600 km).Conclusion
LMOs in remote locations may consider immediate drainage of deteriorating traumatic ICH. Adequate support from a distant major trauma centre can help achieve acceptable outcomes. Effective communications are vital. The Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and Neurosurgical Society of Australasia guidelines based on the Early Management of Severe Trauma protocols can assist LMOs in making the decision to undertake emergency craniotomy.
Impact of Ageing on Serum Concentrations of Risperidone and Its Active Metabolite in Patients with Known CYP2D6 Genotype
Authors: Molden Espen , Waade Ragnhild Birkeland , Hoff Maren , Haslemo Tore 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ageing on serum concentrations of risperidone and 9‐hydroxyrisperidone in patients with known CYP2D6 genotype. We included retrospective therapeutic drug monitoring data from 464 genotyped patients with measured serum concentrations of risperidone and 9‐hydroxyrisperidone after oral administration. Patients were divided into two age subgroups, that is ≤65 (n = 396) and >65 years (n = 68), and dose‐adjusted concentrations (C:D ratios) were compared using multiple linear regression analyses with CYP2D6 genotype and gender as covariates. Moreover, absolute concentrations and prescribed daily doses were compared between age subgroups by simple, univariate Mann–Whitney tests. Age had no effect on C:D ratio of risperidone (p > 0.4), but C:D ratios of 9‐hydroxyrisperidone and risperidone + 9‐hydroxyrisperidone (total active moiety) were estimated to be 2.6 and 2.0 times higher in patients >65 versus ≤65 years (p < 0.001). Female gender and a CYP2D6 poor metabolizer (PM) genotype were also associated with significantly higher C:D ratio of the total active moiety (p < 0.01). Despite lower dosing in patients >65 versus ≤65 years (median 1.5 versus 3.0 mg/day, p < 0.0001), absolute concentration of the total active moiety did not differ between the age subgroups (median 52.5 versus 47.0 nmol/L, p > 0.6). In conclusion, ageing implies significantly increased dose‐adjusted serum concentration of risperidone active moiety, and treatment intensity is not generally reduced by halving the oral dose in the elderly. Tolerability of risperidone therapy should therefore be closely monitored in older patients, and female CYP2D6 PMs >65 years might be a particularly vulnerable subgroup of adverse effects.
Agricultural intensification alters bat assemblage composition and abundance in a dynamic Neotropical landscape
Authors: Cleary Katherine A. , Waits Lisette P. , Finegan Bryan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe recent trend of agricultural intensification in tropical landscapes poses a new threat to biodiversity conservation. Conversion of previously heterogeneous agricultural landscapes to intensive plantation agriculture simplifies and homogenizes the landscape, reducing availability, and connectivity of natural habitat for native species. To assess the impact of agricultural intensification on bats, we characterized the bat assemblage in the Sarapiquí region of Costa Rica, where heterogeneous land uses are being converted to intensive, large‐scale pineapple plantations. In 2012 and 2013, we sampled bats in 20 remnant forest patches surrounded by varying proportions of pasture, mature forest, and pineapple and captured 1821 individual bats representing 39 species. We used ordination analyses to evaluate changes in species composition, where pineapple is the main component of the agricultural matrix. We identified landscape metrics specifically correlated with pineapple and used multiple linear regression to test their effects on bat species richness, diversity, and guild‐specific relative abundance. Results suggest pineapple expansion is driving changes in assemblage composition in remnant forest patches, resulting in new assemblages with higher proportions of frugivorous bats and lower proportions of insectivorous bats than in continuous mature forests. In addition, while pineapple does not diminish total bat species richness and diversity, the reduced forest cover and increased distance between forest patches in pineapple plantations has a significant negative impact on the relative abundance of insectivores. We also identify a potential threshold effect whereby patches surrounded by more than 50 percent forest can retain assemblage composition similar to that found in continuous mature forest.
Inverse Modelling of Incompressible Gas Flow in Subspace
Authors: Zhai Xiao , Hou Fei , Qin Hong , Hao Aimin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper advocates a novel method for modelling physically realistic flow from captured incompressible gas sequence via modal analysis in frequency‐constrained subspace. Our analytical tool is uniquely founded upon empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and modal reduction for fluids, which are seamlessly integrated towards a powerful, style‐controllable flow modelling approach. We first extend EMD, which is capable of processing 1D time series but has shown inadequacies for 3D graphics earlier, to fit gas flows in 3D. Next, frequency components from EMD are adopted as candidate vectors for bases of modal reduction. The prerequisite parameters of the Navier–Stokes equations are then optimized to inversely model the physically realistic flow in the frequency‐constrained subspace. The estimated parameters can be utilized for re‐simulation, or be altered toward fluid editing. Our novel inverse‐modelling technique produces real‐time gas sequences after precomputation, and is convenient to couple with other methods for visual enhancement and/or special visual effects. We integrate our new modelling tool with a state‐of‐the‐art fluid capturing approach, forming a complete pipeline from real‐world fluid to flow re‐simulation and editing for various graphics applications.
T lymphocyte dynamics in methylisothiazolinone‐allergic patients
Authors: Popple Amy , Williams Jason , Maxwell Gavin , Gellatly Nichola , Dearman Rebecca J. , Kimber Ian 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundMethylisothiazolinone (MI), a preservative that is commonly used in personal care products, is now recognized as an important contact allergen in both cosmetic and occupational settings.ObjectivesTo analyse T lymphocyte responses to MI, in order to provide important information regarding the relationship between the nature of such responses and skin sensitization potency.MethodsProliferative responses to free MI and to an MI–human serum albumin (HSA) conjugate were measured according to [3H]thymidine incorporation (n = 56 donors; patch test scores of + in 20, ++ in 29, and +++ in 7). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured in the presence of MI (0.001–1 µg/ml) or MI–HSA (0.001–100 µg/ml). Proliferating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes were identified by flow cytometry with the intracellular marker Ki‐67.ResultsFor free MI, modest positive responses were recorded for 7 of 31 donors. In contrast, MI–HSA stimulated more marked responses in 17 of 31 donors. Characterization of positive proliferative responses showed variable patterns of proliferating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes from donors with the same patch test scores and similar maximal values.ConclusionsMI–HSA is able to induce secondary responses in lymphocytes drawn from sensitized subjects, and provides a more effective source of antigen than free MI. Furthermore, individual donors show differential activity profiles with respect to T lymphocyte subsets.
Comparison of Right Ventricle Systolic Function between Long‐Term Anabolic–Androgenic Steroid User and Nonuser Bodybuilder Athletes: A Study of Two‐Dimensional Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
Authors: Alizade Elnur , Avci Anil , Tabakcı Mehmet Mustafa , Toprak Cuneyt , Zehir Regayip , Acar Goksel , Kargin Ramazan , Emiroğlu Mehmet Yunas , Akçakoyun Mustafa , Pala Selçuk 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundRight ventricular (RV) effects of long‐term use of anabolic–androgenic steroids (AAS) are not clearly known. The aim of this study was to assess RV systolic functions by two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2DSTE) in AAS user and nonuser bodybuilders.MethodsA total of 33 competitive male bodybuilders (15 AAS users, 18 AAS nonusers) were assessed. To assess RV systolic functions, all participants underwent standard two‐dimensional and Doppler echocardiography, and 2DSTE.ResultsInterventricular septal thickness, left ventricle posterior wall thickness, relative wall thickness, and left ventricle mass index were significantly higher in AAS users than nonusers. While standard diastolic parameters were not statistically different between the groups, tissue Doppler parameters including RV E′ and E′/A′ were lower in AAS users than nonusers (10.1 ± 2.0 vs. 12.7 ± 2.1; P = 0.001, 1.1 ± 0.1 vs. 1.5 ± 0.4; P = 0.009, respectively). Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, RV fractional area change, and RV S′ were in normal ranges. However, RV S′ was found to be lower in users than nonusers (12.2 ± 2.2 vs. 14.6 ± 2.8, P = 0.011). RV free wall longitudinal strain and strain rate were decreased in AAS users in comparison with nonusers (−20.2 ± 3.1 vs. −23.3 ± 3.5; P = 0.012, −3.2 ± 0.1 vs. −3.4 ± 0.1; P = 0.022, respectively). In addition, there were good correlations between 2DSTE parameters and RV S′, E′, and E′/A′.ConclusionDespite normal standard systolic echo parameters, peak systolic RV free wall strain and strain rate were reduced in AAS user bodybuilders in comparison with nonusers. Strain and strain rate by 2DSTE may be useful for early determination of subclinical RV dysfunction in AAS user bodybuilders.