bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalência de lesões em atletas jovens
Authors: Santos Ariadne Maria dos , Greguol Márcia 
Published: February 2017

As lesões em atletas jovens estão cada vez mais frequentes, devido à grande divulgação das modalidades esportivas e aos treinamentos excessivos visando alto desempenho. As exigências no meio esportivo podem levar ao desenvolvimento de patologias e lesões que poderiam ser prevenidas caso o treinamento do atleta jovem fosse bem orientado. Destaca-se a importância do conhecimento das lesões, das cargas de treino, do histórico prévio do atleta e da correção da técnica inadequada de movimento.Objetivo: Identificar as lesões mais comuns em atletas jovens de diferentes modalidades esportivas. Material e Métodos:Participaram do estudo 36 atletas, na faixa etária de 12 a 17 anos, de ambos os sexos, nas modalidades de Atletismo, Futsal, Natação e Voleibol. Inicialmente foi aplicada uma anamnese que continha informações sobre idade, tempo de prática e modalidade esportiva. Em seguida foram aplicados dois questionários, sendo o primeiro constituído por uma tabela de distribuição de dor por região corporal e o segundo por uma escala de dor e interferência desta em atividades cotidianas. Resultados: Obteve-se como resultado média de idade 13,86 anos. Entre os participantes, 66,7% relataram que pratica outra atividades fisíca ou esportiva, 55,6% relataram que já sofreu lesão em alguns casos com reincidência e 50% que já fizeram algum tratamento para dor. Conclusão: Ressalta-se a importância do conhecimento sobre estratégias de prevenção de lesões esportiva em atletas jovens, como forma de garantir longevidade no esporte.
Epidermal cell death in frogs with chytridiomycosis
Authors: Brannelly Laura A. , Roberts Alexandra A. , Skerratt Lee F. , Berger Lee 
Published: February 2017

Background
Amphibians are declining at an alarming rate, and one of the major causes of decline is the infectious disease chytridiomycosis. Parasitic fungal sporangia occur within epidermal cells causing epidermal disruption, but these changes have not been well characterised. Apoptosis (planned cell death) can be a damaging response to the host but may alternatively be a mechanism of pathogen removal for some intracellular infections.

Methods
In this study we experimentally infected two endangered amphibian species Pseudophryne corroboree and Litoria verreauxii alpina with the causal agent of chytridiomycosis. We quantified cell death in the epidermis through two assays: terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labelling (TUNEL) and caspase 3/7.

Results
Cell death was positively associated with infection load and morbidity of clinically infected animals. In infected amphibians, TUNEL positive cells were concentrated in epidermal layers, correlating to the localisation of infection within the skin. Caspase activity was stable and low in early infection, where pathogen loads were light but increasing. In animals that recovered from infection, caspase activity gradually returned to normal as the infection cleared. Whereas, in amphibians that did not recover, caspase activity increased dramatically when infection loads peaked.

Discussion
Increased cell death may be a pathology of the fungal parasite, likely contributing to loss of skin homeostatic functions, but it is also possible that apoptosis suppression may be used initially by the pathogen to help establish infection. Further research should explore the specific mechanisms of cell death and more specifically apoptosis regulation during fungal infection.
Immunohistochemistry in Ophthalmology
Authors: Gupta Smriti Nagpal , Saran RK , Birbala Okram , Saini Pragya , Mangala Lavi 
Published: February 2017

Immunohistochemistry is a pathological technique wherein the distribution of a particular protein or lipid antigen in a tissue specimen is determined using a combination of immunological, histochemical and biochemical principles. It is based on the specificity of antigen-antibody binding and the fact that the primary antibody, being a protein itself, can also serve as an antigen for a secondary antibody. These antibodies are then detected using fluorescent probes or enzyme labels. Techniques like enzyme digestion and antigen retrieval may be used to unmask tissue antigens and improve staining. False negatives and false positives are possible. Hence, the results must be compared with histopathological and clinical characteristics. Periodic checking of antibody activity, strict procedure protocols and appropriate positive and negative controls help decrease errors.
IHC is a remarkable technique that can be applied to routinely formalin fixed tissue, to frozen sections and even to cytological preparations. It can be used to detect cell surface or even intracellular antigens. IHC is commonly used for tumour diagnosis and classification, as well as detecting prognostic markers. The use of IHC in diagnosis and characterization of ophthalmologic tumours is increasing day-by-day. It helps avoid diagnostic errors and plan appropriate management. Advancements in IHC today aim to make the method faster, simpler and more reliable with better sensitivity and specificity. Proper standardization is the need of the hour to make it more widely applicable and increase accuracy and reproducibility of the results.
Iron–Nickel Nanoparticles as Bifunctional Catalysts in Water Electrolysis
Authors: Ahmed Jahangeer , Ahamad Tansir , AlShehri Saad M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIron−nickel nanoparticles (Fe−Ni NPs) were successfully synthesized in various stoichiometries by using the inverse micelle method followed by combustion at 500 °C for 12 h in H2. Ni‐rich Fe−Ni NPs crystallize in a face‐centered cubic (fcc) structure, whereas Fe‐rich Fe−Ni NPs stabilize in body‐centered cubic (bcc) structure. Fe−Ni NPs operate as bifunctional electrode materials at room temperature in alkaline medium and show enhanced electrocatalytic activity in the electrolysis of water to H2 evolution and O2 evolution reactions (HER and OER) at low onset potential versus Ag/AgCl as the reference electrode. A low Tafel slope was also detected for Fe2Ni NPs (ca. 470 mV/dec) in the water oxidation reaction. Bifunctional electrocatalysts are significant in renewable and clean energy processes like hydrogen–oxygen fuel cells, metal–oxygen batteries, and so forth.
LU factorizations and ILU preconditioning for stabilized discretizations of incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Konshin Igor , Olshanskii Maxim , Vassilevski Yuri 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe paper studies numerical properties of LU and incomplete LU factorizations applied to the discrete linearized incompressible Navier–Stokes problem also known as the Oseen problem. A commonly used stabilized Petrov–Galerkin finite element method for the Oseen problem leads to the system of algebraic equations having a 2 × 2‐block structure. While enforcing better stability of the finite element solution, the Petrov–Galerkin method perturbs the saddle‐point structure of the matrix and may lead to less favorable algebraic properties of the system. The paper analyzes the stability of the LU factorization. This analysis quantifies the effect of the streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin stabilization in terms of the perturbation made to a nonstabilized system. The further analysis shows how the perturbation depends on the particular finite element method, the choice of stabilization parameters, and flow problem parameters. The analysis of LU factorization and its stability helps to understand the properties of threshold ILU factorization preconditioners for the system. Numerical experiments for a model problem of blood flow in a coronary artery illustrate the performance of the threshold ILU factorization as a preconditioner. The dependence of the preconditioner properties on the stabilization parameters of the finite element method is also studied numerically.
Predicting HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Efficacy for Women using a Preclinical Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic In Vivo Model
Authors: Wahl Angela , Ho Phong T. , Denton Paul W. , Garrett Katy L. , Hudgens Michael G. , Swartz Glenn , O’Neill Cynthia , Veronese Fulvia , Kashuba Angela D. , Garcia J. Victor 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe efficacy of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) relies on adherence and may also depend on the route of HIV acquisition. Clinical studies of systemic tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) PrEP revealed reduced efficacy in women compared to men with similar degrees of adherence. To select the most effective PrEP strategies, preclinical studies are critically needed to establish correlations between drug concentrations (pharmacokinetics [PK]) and protective efficacy (pharmacodynamics [PD]). We utilized an in vivo preclinical model to perform a PK-PD analysis of systemic TDF PrEP for vaginal HIV acquisition. TDF PrEP prevented vaginal HIV acquisition in a dose-dependent manner. PK-PD modeling of tenofovir (TFV) in plasma, female reproductive tract tissue, cervicovaginal lavage fluid and its intracellular metabolite (TFV diphosphate) revealed that TDF PrEP efficacy was best described by plasma TFV levels. When administered at 50 mg/kg, TDF achieved plasma TFV concentrations (370 ng/ml) that closely mimicked those observed in humans and demonstrated the same risk reduction (70%) previously attained in women with high adherence. This PK-PD model mimics the human condition and can be applied to other PrEP approaches and routes of HIV acquisition, accelerating clinical implementation of the most efficacious PrEP strategies.
A vanG-type locus in Clostridium argentinense
Authors: Berthet Nicolas , Périchon Bruno , Mazuet Christelle , Chapetón-Montes Diana , Bouchier Christiane , Bouvet Philippe , Legeay Christine , Popoff Michel-Robert , Courvalin Patrice 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Objectives
The objective was to study a new vanG-type locus in Clostridium argentinense vanGCar and to determine its impact on glycopeptide susceptibility of the host.

Methods
The whole genome of C. argentinense NCIB 10714 was sequenced using Illumina single-reads sequencing technology. The presence of vanGCar in seven C. argentinense strains was tested by PCR and its expression was tested by quantitative RT–PCR (qRT–PCR). Glycopeptide susceptibility was determined by the Etest procedure.

Results
The vanGCar locus contained four genes encoding a carboxypeptidase, a d-alanine:d-serine ligase, a serine transporter and a serine racemase, and was present in the seven C. argentinense studied. An AraC-type transcriptional regulator was found upstream from the genes. C. argentinense NCIB 10714 was susceptible to vancomycin and to teicoplanin. qRT–PCR experiments revealed that vanGCar was not expressed without or with induction by a subinhibitory concentration of vancomycin.

Conclusions
The new vanGCar locus was cryptic in C. argentinense and intrinsic to this species. Emergence of vancomycin resistance in C. argentinense due to decryptification of the vanGCar gene cluster could occur.
Sustainable property development by Southeast Asian property companies
Authors: Razali Muhammad Najib , Md. Yunus Norhidayah , Zainudin Ainur Zaireen , Lee Yim Mei Janice 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to assess the sustainability levels in terms of sustainability practices amongst public-listed property companies in Southeast Asia.

Design/methodology/approach
The websites and annual reports for each company were assessed to determine the level of sustainability practices amongst property companies in Southeast Asia. Their sustainability strategies were then rigorously assessed by using a scorecard which assesses sustainability levels based on related issues.

Findings
The results show that green or sustainable property development in Southeast Asian countries remains at a moderate level. There is still much room for improvement to enhance the level of green attributes in property development.

Research limitations/implications
This paper only assesses property development companies in five Southeast Asian countries; namely, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and the Philippines.

Originality/value
Given the increasingly significant sustainability issues – especially amongst international property development players, this paper attempts to deliver better informed investment and decision-making ideas for sustainable property developments.
Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma among individuals with different aetiologies of cirrhosis: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: West J. , Card T. R. , Aithal G. P. , Fleming K. M. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundAmong patients with cirrhosis, only those determined to be at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) should undergo surveillance. However, little is known about how different aetiologies of cirrhosis affect risk for HCC.AimTo quantify the cumulative incidence of HCC among a representative population of people with cirrhosis of the liver of varying aetiology.MethodsWe identified subjects with hepatic cirrhosis from the UK's General Practice Research Database (1987–2006). Diagnoses of HCC were obtained from linked national cancer registries (1971–2006). Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios. The predicted 10‐year cumulative incidence of HCC for each aetiology of cirrhosis was estimated while accounting for competing risks of death from any cause and liver transplant.ResultsAmong 3107 people with cirrhosis, the adjusted relative risk of HCC was increased twofold to threefold among people with viral and autoimmune/metabolic aetiologies, compared to those with alcohol‐associated cirrhosis. The 10‐year predicted cumulative incidence estimates of HCC for each aetiology were alcohol, 1.2%; chronic viral hepatitis, 4.0%; autoimmune or metabolic disease, 3.2%; and cryptogenic, 1.1%.ConclusionsIn a population‐based study in the UK, people with cirrhosis have an estimated cumulative 10‐year incidence of HCC of 4% or lower. Cumulative incidence varies with aetiology such that individuals with alcohol or cryptogenic cirrhosis have the lowest risk for HCC. These findings provide important information for cost‐effectiveness analyses of HCC surveillance.
Genetic and demographic founder effects have long‐term fitness consequences for colonising populations
Authors: Szűcs Marianna , Melbourne Brett A. , Tuff Ty , Weiss‐Lehman Christopher , Hufbauer Ruth A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractColonisation is a fundamental ecological and evolutionary process that drives the distribution and abundance of organisms. The initial ability of colonists to establish is determined largely by the number of founders and their genetic background. We explore the importance of these demographic and genetic properties for longer term persistence and adaptation of populations colonising a novel habitat using experimental populations of Tribolium castaneum. We introduced individuals from three genetic backgrounds (inbred – outbred) into a novel environment at three founding sizes (2–32), and tracked populations for seven generations. Inbreeding had negative effects, whereas outbreeding generally had positive effects on establishment, population growth and long‐term persistence. Severe bottlenecks due to small founding sizes reduced genetic variation and fitness but did not prevent adaptation if the founders originated from genetically diverse populations. Thus, we find important and largely independent roles for both demographic and genetic processes in driving colonisation success.
Comprehensive study of concrete creep, shrinkage, and water content evolution under sealed and drying conditions
Authors: Theiner Y. , Drexel M. , Neuner M. , Hofstetter G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA comprehensive study of the time‐dependent behaviour of concrete, enhanced by measuring the evolution of the respective mass water content, is presented. Compressive creep as well as shrinkage are investigated on sealed and unsealed specimens in terms of the concrete age at loading of 2, 7, and 28 days, respectively, at a loading level of 30% of the compressive strength at loading. In addition, on the basis of the collected measurement data, the impact of load application on the moisture content is studied and the Pickett effect is re‐examined. The obtained set of material data consists of basic and drying creep strains for different concrete ages at loading, autogenous shrinkage strains as well as combined autogenous and drying shrinkage strains, the evolution of the mass water content, the water desorption isotherm, and the time‐dependent evolution of Young's modulus and the compressive strength. It provides a consistent set of material data for a particular concrete grade and will be available for calibrating and validating concrete models.
A few results on generalized Janowski type functions associated with (j, k)-symmetrical functions
Authors: Al Sarari F. S. M. , Frasin B. A. , Al-Hawary T. , Latha S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The aim of the present article is to introduce and study new subclass of Janowski type functions defined using notions of Janowski functions and (j, k)-symmetrical functions. Certain interesting coefficient inequalities, sufficiency criteria, distortion theorem, neighborhood property are investigated for this class.
How Russian Soft Power Fails in Estonia: Or, Why the Russophone Minorities Remain Quiescent
Authors: Nielsen Kristian , Paabo Heiko 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This article evaluates the significance of Russian soft power in Estonia, particularly in connection to the minority issue, and compares this soft power to the countervailing pull of the European Union on the other side. It concludes that although Russia does indeed have a number of soft power resources, their potential for being translated into actual power and influence is too often exaggerated, not least because Europe provides a much more attractive focus point for the disgruntled than Moscow. Moreover, Estonia has it fully within its power to bolster its own attractiveness in the eyes of the minority populations. Thus, although relations with Russia should be handled with care, it is not Russia’s soft power that should be feared.
All Optical High Speed Multiplexer Circuit for Verification of Proposed Gates
Authors: Chanalia Pawan , Gupta Amit , Shaina  , Bakshi Surbhi 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
An all optical communication is fast and reliable for next generation information carrying systems. For successful operation of fast data over flexible transmission line is only possible by all optical multiplexer and can serve for network. A 60 Gbps all optical multiplexer using cheap components has been realized and also tested on different speeds of input data streams. For integral and flexible multiplexer, optical semiconductor-based MZI switch taken into consideration. MZI-SOA is used to generate two logical gates outputs such as (AND)(XOR) gate. Multiplexer working is based on SOA nonlinearity properties and optical coupler. XOR logic gate contingent on cross-phase modulation in amplifier and logic AND for four-wave mixing is obtained from cross port and bar port respectively. Simulation is performed and multiplexer is tested for different launched power in tree architecture. System performance indicates that it can work for high speed (60 Gbps) and different data entities.
Management of the training process of military pilots based on the analysis and assessment of flight parameters from on-board recorders
Authors: Zieja Mariusz , Smoliński Henryk , Gołda Paweł 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The main and unchangeable principle of aviation activities is to preserve the conditions for safe flying. In present conditions, in constantly growing tasks, aviation requires organizational and methodological treatments at the highest quality. Article is devoted to the analysis of parametric information accumulated through on-board storage media registration of flight data. The article presents selected examples of methods and tools to analyze data and identify corrective and / or preventive actions, which help to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of the entire process of flight training. Conducted in the article discussion and examples highlight the important role of objective flight control as a tool for continuous monitoring of the level of security of performed air tasks in terms of piloting techniques and technical efficiency of the aircraft.
The Featurization of Journalism
Authors: Steensen Steen 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFeature journalism has developed from being an insignificant supplement to news journalism to a family of genres that today dominates newspapers. The present article explores the growing importance of feature journalism and attempts to understand its social function, how it has changed and why it has become so important. Based on an analysis of influential textbooks on feature journalism, the paper argues that feature journalism has traditionally been dominated by a literary discourse, and discourses of intimacy and adventure – discourses that thus have become increasingly important for newspapers, thereby transforming the social function of news in general. Today, however, the genres of feature journalism are undergoing significant changes, reflecting the technological, social, economic and cultural changes that affect the media industry and the role of journalism at large. The present article is framed by a social constructivist view of genre, and it outlines possible scenarios for future transformations of feature journalism.
The World on Television
Authors: Ihlen Øyvind , Allern Sigurd , Thorbjørnsrud Kjersti , Waldahl Ragnar 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
How does television cover foreign news? What is covered and how? The present article reports on a comparative study of a license-financed public broadcaster and an advertising-financed channel in Norway – the NRK and TV2, respectively. Both channels give priority to international news. While the NRK devotes more time to foreign news (both in absolute and relative numbers) than TV2 does, other aspects of the coverage are strikingly similar: The news is event oriented, there is heavy use of eyewitness footage, and certain regions are hardly visible. At least three explanations can be used to understand these findings: the technological platform (what footage is available, etc.) and the existence of a common news culture that is based on ratings and similar views on what is considered “good television”. A third factor is that both channels still have public service obligations.