bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NOVÝ SEVEROKOREJSKÝ JADERNÝ TEST A ROLE STANICE VRAC V RÁMCI MEZINÁRODNÍHO MONITOROVACÍHO SYSTÉMU CTBTO
Authors: Havíř Josef 
Published: March 2017

Seismický signál související s jaderným testem provedeným na severokorejském jaderném polygonu dne 6. 1. 2016 byl zaregistrován četnými seismologickými stanicemi po celém světě. Kvalitní seismický záznam byl pořízen také stanicí VRAC provozovanou Ústavem fyziky Země (IPE), která je součástí Mezinárodního monitorovacího systému CTBTO. Hlavním úkolem činnosti Mezinárodního monitorovacího systému je verifikace dodržování Smlouvy o všeobecném zákazu jaderných zkoušek. Seismická síť zmíněného monitorovacího systému má sestávat ze 170 stanic. Data jsou přenášena do Mezinárodního datového centra (IDC) ve Vídni, kde jsou společně zpracovávána. Za provoz stanic jsou odpovědna tzv. Národní datová centra (NDC). České NDC odpovědné za provoz stanice VRAC bylo zřízeno na Ústavu fyziky Země v Brně. Jeho úkolem je nejen zajištění bezporuchového provozu stanice VRAC, ale také informování Státního úřadu pro jadernou bezpečnost (SÚJB) o významných skutečnostech souvisejících s monitorováním prováděným v rámci CTBTO. Proto bylo zpracování seismických záznamů severokorejského testu provedeno nezávisle také v NDC v Brně. Výsledky zpracování seismických dat ukazují, že epicentrum nově provedeného severokorejského jaderného testu je situováno v těsné blízkosti epicenter předchozích jaderných explozí uskutečněných na území Severní Koreje v letech 2006, 2009 a 2013 na jaderném polygonu Punggye-ri. Hodnoty magnituda mb počítaného z objemových vln (uváděné hodnoty magnituda mb se pohybují od 4,8 podle IDC CTBTO po 5,1 podle seismologické služby USA) ukazují, že exploze z roku 2016 byla pravděpodobně o něco slabší než předešlá jaderná exploze z roku 2013.
Assessment of Tissue Perfusion Following Conventional Liposuction of Perforator-Based Abdominal Flaps
Authors: Akdeniz Doğan Zeynep Deniz , Saçak Bülent , Yalçın Doğuş , Pilancı Özgür , Tuncer Fatma Betül , Çelebiler Özhan 
Published: March 2017

Background The effect of liposuction on the perforators of the lower abdominal wall has been investigated in several studies. There are controversial results in the literature that have primarily demonstrated the number and patency of the perforators. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of liposuction on the perfusion of perforator-based abdominal flaps using a combined laser–Doppler spectrophotometer (O2C, Oxygen to See, LEA Medizintechnik).
Methods Nine female patients undergoing classical abdominoplasty were included in the study. Perforators and the perfusion zones of the deep inferior epigastric artery flap were marked on the patient's abdominal wall. Flap perfusion was quantitatively assessed by measuring blood flow, velocity, capillary oxygen saturation, and relative amount of hemoglobin for each zone preoperatively, after tumescent solution infiltration, following elevation of the flap on a single perforator, and after deep and superficial liposuction, respectively.
Results The measurements taken after elevation of the flap were not significantly different than measurements taken after the liposuction procedures.
Conclusions The liposuction procedure does not significantly alter the perfusion of perforator-based abdominal flaps in the early period. The abdominal tissue discarded in a classic abdominoplasty operation can be raised as a perforator flap and has been demonstrated to be a unique model for clinical research.
Systematic Review and Comparative Meta-Analysis of Outcomes Following Pedicled Muscle versus Fasciocutaneous Flap Coverage for Complex Periprosthetic Wounds in Patients with Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Economides James M. , DeFazio Michael V. , Golshani Kayvon , Cinque Mark , Anghel Ersilia L. , Attinger Christopher E. , Evans Karen Kim 
Published: March 2017

Background In cases of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) threatened by potential hardware exposure, flap-based reconstruction is indicated to provide durable coverage. Historically, muscle flaps were favored as they provide vascular tissue to an infected wound bed. However, data comparing the performance of muscle versus fasciocutaneous flaps are limited and reflect a lack of consensus regarding the optimal management of these wounds. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of muscle versus fasciocutaneous flaps following the salvage of compromised TKA.
Methods A systematic search and meta-analysis were performed to identify patients with TKA who underwent either pedicled muscle or fasciocutaneous flap coverage of periprosthetic knee defects. Studies evaluating implant/limb salvage rates, ambulatory function, complications, and donor-site morbidity were included in the comparative analysis.
Results A total of 18 articles, corresponding to 172 flaps (119 muscle flaps and 53 fasciocutaneous flaps) were reviewed. Rates of implant salvage (88.8% vs. 90.1%, P=0.05) and limb salvage (89.8% vs. 100%, P=0.14) were comparable in each cohort. While overall complication rates were similar (47.3% vs. 44%, P=0.78), the rates of persistent infection (16.4% vs. 0%, P=0.14) and recurrent infection (9.1% vs. 4%, P=0.94) tended to be higher in the muscle flap cohort. Notably, functional outcomes and ambulation rates were sparingly reported.
Conclusions Rates of limb and prosthetic salvage were comparable following muscle or fasciocutaneous flap coverage of compromised TKA. The functional morbidity associated with muscle flap harvest, however, may support the use of fasciocutaneous flaps for coverage of these defects, particularly in young patients and/or high-performance athletes.
Neogene amphibians and reptiles (Caudata, Anura, Gekkota, Lacertilia, and Testudines) from the south of Western Siberia, Russia, and Northeastern Kazakhstan
Authors: Vasilyan Davit , Zazhigin Vladimir S. , Böhme Madelaine 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe present-day amphibian and reptile fauna of Western Siberia are the least diverse of the Palaearctic Realm, as a consequence of the unfavourable climatic conditions that predominate in this region. The origin and emergence of these herpetofaunal groups are poorly understood. Aside from the better-explored European Neogene localities yielding amphibian and reptile fossil remains, the Neogene herpetofauna of Western Asia is understudied. The few available data need critical reviews and new interpretations, taking into account the more recent records of the European herpetofauna. The comparison of this previous data with that of European fossil records would provide data on palaeobiogeographic affiliations of the region as well as on the origin and emergence of the present-day fauna of Western Siberia. An overview of the earliest occurrences of certain amphibian lineages is still needed. In addition, studies that address such knowledge gaps can be useful for molecular biologists in their calibration of molecular clocks.Methods and ResultsIn this study, we considered critically reviewed available data from amphibian and reptile fauna from over 40 Western Siberian, Russian and Northeastern Kazakhstan localities, ranging from the Middle Miocene to Early Pleistocene. Herein, we provided new interpretations that arose from our assessment of the previously published and new data. More than 50 amphibians and reptile taxa were identified belonging to families Hynobiidae, Cryptobranchidae, Salamandridae, Palaeobatrachidae, Bombinatoridae, Pelobatidae, Hylidae, Bufonidae, Ranidae, Gekkonidae, Lacertidae, and Emydidae. Palaeobiogeographic analyses were performed for these groups and palaeoprecipitation values were estimated for 12 localities, using the bioclimatic analysis of herpetofaunal assemblages.ConclusionThe Neogene assemblage of Western Siberia was found to be dominated by groups of European affinities, such as Palaeobatrachidae,Bombina, Hyla,Bufo bufo, and a small part of this assemblage included Eastern Palaearctic taxa (e.g.Salamandrella,Tylototriton,Bufotes viridis). For several taxa (e.g.Mioproteus, Hyla, Bombina,Rana temporaria), the Western Siberian occurrences represented their most eastern Eurasian records. The most diverse collection of fossil remains was found in the Middle Miocene. Less diversity has been registered towards the Early Pleistocene, potentially due to the progressive cooling of the climate in the Northern Hemisphere. The results of our study showed higher-amplitude changes of precipitation development in Western Siberia from the Early Miocene to the Pliocene, than previously assumed.
The concept of apparent polarizability for calculating the extinction of electromagnetic radiation by porous aerosol particles
Authors: Haspel C. , Adler G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn the current study, the electromagnetic properties of porous aerosol particles are calculated in two ways. In the first, a porous target input file is generated by carving out voids in an otherwise homogeneous particle, and the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) is used to compute the extinction efficiency of the particle assuming that the voids are near vacuum dielectrics and assuming random particle orientation. In the second, an effective medium approximation (EMA) style approach is employed in which an apparent polarizability of the voids is defined based on the well‐known solution to the problem in classical electrostatics of a spherical cavity within a dielectric. It is found that for porous particles with smaller overall diameter with respect to the wavelength of incident radiation, describing the voids as near vacuum dielectrics within the DDA sufficiently reproduces measured values of extinction efficiency, whereas for porous particles with moderate to larger overall diameters with respect to the wavelength of the radiation, the apparent polarizability EMA approach better reproduces the measured values of extinction efficiency.
Importance of lateral flux and its percolation depth on organic carbon export in Arctic tundra soil: Implications from a soil leaching experiment
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Hutchings Jack A. , Bianchi Thomas S. , Liu Yina , Arellano Ana R. , Schuur Edward A. G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTemperature rise in the Arctic is causing deepening of active layers and resulting in the mobilization of deep permafrost dissolved organic matter (DOM). However, the mechanisms of DOM mobilization from Arctic soils, especially upper soil horizons which are drained most frequently through a year, are poorly understood. Here we conducted a short‐term leaching experiment on surface and deep organic active layer soils, from the Yukon River basin, to examine the effects of DOM transport on bulk and molecular characteristics. Our data showed a net release of DOM from surface soils equal to an average of 5% of soil carbon. Conversely, deep soils percolated with surface leachates retained up to 27% of bulk DOM while releasing fluorescent components (up to 107%), indicating selective release of aromatic components (e.g., lignin and tannin), while retaining nonchromophoric components, as supported by spectrofluorometric and ultrahigh‐resolution mass spectroscopic techniques. Our findings highlight the importance of the lateral flux of DOM on ecosystem carbon balance as well as processing of DOM transport through organic active layer soils en route to rivers and streams. This work also suggests the potential role of leachate export as an important mechanism of C losses from Arctic soils, in comparison with the more traditional pathway from soil to atmosphere in a warming Arctic.
An Isolable Potassium Salt of a Borasilene–Chloride Adduct
Authors: Suzuki Yuko , Ishida Shintaro , Sato Sota , Isobe Hiroyuki , Iwamoto Takeaki 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAmong the variety of isolable compounds with multiple bonds involving silicon, examples of compounds that contain silicon–boron double bonds (borasilenes) still remain relatively rare. Herein, we report the synthesis of the potassium salt of a chloride adduct of borasilene 1 ([2]−), which was obtained as an orange crystalline solid. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and reactivity studies on [2]− confirmed the double‐bond character of the Si=B bond as well as the reduced Lewis acidity, which is due to the coordination of Cl− to the boron center. A thermal reaction of [2]− afforded a bicyclic product by formal intramolecular C−H insertion across the Si=B bond of 1, which was corroborated by a theoretical study.
Ring Shuttling Controls Macroscopic Motion in a Three‐Dimensional Printed Polyrotaxane Monolith
Authors: Lin Qianming , Hou Xisen , Ke Chenfeng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAmplification of molecular motions into the macroscopic world has great potential in the development of smart materials. Demonstrated here is an approach that integrates mechanically interlocked molecules into complex three‐dimensional (3D) architectures by direct‐write 3D printing. The design and synthesis of polypseudorotaxane hydrogels, which are composed of α‐cyclodextrins and poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO‐PPO‐PEO) triblock copolymers, and their subsequent fabrication into polyrotaxane‐based lattice cubes by 3D printing followed by post‐printing polymerization are reported. By switching the motion of the α‐cyclodextrin rings between random shuttling and stationary states through solvent exchange, the polyrotaxane monolith not only exhibits macroscopic shape‐memory properties but is also capable of converting the chemical energy input into mechanical work by lifting objects against gravity.
Shape‐Assisted Self‐Organization in Highly Disordered Liquid Crystal Phases
Authors: Kishikawa Keiki , Yamamoto Yusuke , Watanabe Go , Kawamura Ayaka , Kohri Michinari , Taniguchi Tatsuo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn achiral rod‐like molecules, a nematic phase is the most disordered liquid crystal phase, which only has one‐directional order in the direction of the molecular long axis. A dumbbell‐shaped molecule (compound 3: R−C6H10−CH=CH−C6H4−CH=CH−C6H10−R, (R=nC5H11)), and its liquid crystal phase (X phase) are reported, which exhibit high scattering without thermal fluctuation between two nematic phases under a polarized light optical microscope. The X phase was investigated by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulation. A layered structure was ascertained for which a molecular self‐organization mechanism was postulated in which the super‐structure is based on lateral intermolecular interlocking. A second nematic phase above the X phase consisted of “rice grain”‐shaped particles.
Surfactant‐Assisted Stabilization of Au Colloids on Solids for Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Zhan Wangcheng , Shu Yuan , Sheng Yujie , Zhu Huiyuan , Guo Yanglong , Wang Li , Guo Yun , Zhang Jinshui , Lu Guanzhong , Dai Sheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe stabilization of surfactant‐assisted synthesized colloidal noble metal nanoparticles (NPs, such as Au NPs) on solids is a promising strategy for preparing supported nanocatalysts for heterogeneous catalysis because of their uniform particle sizes, controllable shapes, and tunable compositions. However, surfactant removal to obtain clean surfaces for catalysis through traditional approaches (such as solvent extraction and thermal decomposition) can easily induce the sintering of NPs, greatly hampering their use in synthesis of novel catalysts. Such unwanted surfactants have now been utilized to stabilize NPs on solids by a simple yet efficient thermal annealing strategy. After being annealed in N2 flow, the surface‐bound surfactants are carbonized in situ as sacrificial architectures that form a conformal coating on NPs and assist in creating an enhanced metal‐support interaction between NPs and substrate, thus slowing down the Ostwald ripening process during post‐oxidative calcination to remove surface covers.
Active DIsturbance Rejection Control of Surface Vessels Using Composite Error Updated Extended State Observer
Authors: Sun Tairen , Zhang Jun , Pan Yongping 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a composite‐errors‐based active disturbance rejection control law is proposed for surface vessels with exogeneous disturbances. The low‐frequency disturbances from wind, wave and ocean currents are estimated by a novel composite‐errors‐based extended state observer (ESO). Since the composite errors are composed of trajectory tracking errors and estimation errors, the disturbance rejection control is feedforward‐feedback composite control. The advantages of feedforward control and feedback control are exploited to reject system disturbances. Compared with conventional ESO‐based active disturbance rejection control, smaller estimation errors and smaller tracking errors can be achieved by the proposed disturbance compensation control. The effectiveness and superiority of the designed control law are illustrated by theoretical analysis and simulation results.
Fertility and Embryo‐Fetal Development Assessment in Rats and Rabbits with Evacetrapib: A Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Inhibitor
Authors: Breslin William J. , Hilbish Kim G. , Cannady Ellen A. , Edwards Tammy L. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe purpose of these studies was to evaluate the effects of evacetrapib on male and female fertility and on embryo‐fetal development (EFD).MethodsEvacetrapib, a potent and selective inhibitor of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), was administered daily by oral gavage starting 2 weeks (for female) or 4 weeks (for male) before mating, during cohabitation, and until necropsy in the male rat fertility study or through gestation day (GD) 17 in the female rat combined fertility/EFD study. For rabbit EFD studies, animals were dosed from GDs 7 to 19 or from 1 week before mating through GD 19. Dose levels of evacetrapib ranged from 60 to 600 mg/kg for rats and from 1 to 100 mg/kg/day for rabbits.ResultsParental findings in rats included decreased body weight and food consumption and moribund euthanasia in animals given 600 mg/kg/day and decreased food consumption at 300 mg/kg/day. There were no adverse effects on estrus cycling, fertility indices, sperm parameters, maternal reproductive parameters, male reproductive tissue, or fetal viability, growth, or external/visceral morphology. An increase in the incidence of 14th rudimentary ribs, a minor, transient variation considered nonadverse, was the only significant developmental finding in rats given 600 mg/kg/day. Slight decreases in body weight and food consumption at 100 mg/kg/day were the only maternal effects observed in rabbits with no adverse developmental effects noted.ConclusionNo adverse effects on fertility or EFD were observed in rats at doses up to 600 mg/kg/day and no adverse effects on EFD were noted in rabbits at doses up to 100 mg/kg/day. Birth Defects Research 109:513–527, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MicroRNA‐488‐3p sensitizes malignant melanoma cells to cisplatin by targeting PRKDC
Authors: Li Ning , Ma Yue , Ma Li , Guan Yu , Ma Liang , Yang Daping 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDeregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been implicated in drug resistance in various types of cancers, including malignant melanoma (MM). MiR‐488‐3p has been reported as a tumor suppressor in several cancers. However, the exact expression patterns of miR‐488‐3p and the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its role in MM remain largely unknown and require further investigation. In this study, we demonstrated that miR‐488‐3p is significantly downregulated in MM clinical specimens and cell lines. Ectopic expression of miR‐488‐3p resulted in markedly increased drug sensitivity of MM cells in vitro and in vivo. The DNA‐activated, catalytic polypeptide (PRKDC), which encodes DNA‐dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA‐PKcs), was identified as a direct target of miR‐488‐3p using luciferase reporter assays, qRT‐PCR, and western blotting analyses. PRKDC knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) alone promoted sensitivity of MM cells to cisplatin (DDP) while overexpression of PRKDC partially rescued the miR‐488‐3p‐mediated acceleration of sensitivity to DDP in MM cells. Taken together, our results indicate that miR‐488‐3p serves as a drug resistance sensitizer in MM, supporting its potential as a promising therapeutic candidate.
Dental pulp stem cells promote regeneration of damaged neuron cells on the cellular model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Wang Feixiang , Jia Yali , Liu Jiajing , Zhai Jinglei , Cao Ning , Yue Wen , He Huixia , Pei Xuetao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease and many types of stem cells have been used in AD therapy with some favorable effects. In this study, we investigated the potential therapeutical effects of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) on AD cellular model which established by okadaic acid (OA)‐induced damage to human neuroblastoma cell line, SH‐SY5Y, in vitro for 24 h. After confirmed the AD cellular model, the cells were co‐culture with hDPSCs by transwell co‐culture system till 24 h for treatment. Then the cytomorphology of the hDPSCs‐treated cells were found to restore gradually with re‐elongation of retracted dendrites. Meanwhile, Cell Counting Kit‐8 assay and Hoechst 33258 staining showed that hDPSCs caused significant increase in the viability and decrease in apoptosis of the model cells, respectively. Observation of DiI labeling also exhibited the prolongation dendrites in hDPSCs‐treated cells which were obviously different from the retraction dendrites in AD model cells. Furthermore, specific staining of α‐tubulin and F‐actin demonstrated that the hDPSCs‐treated cells had the morphology of restored neurons, with elongated dendrites, densely arranged microfilaments, and thickened microtubular fibrils. In addition, results from western blotting revealed that phosphorylation at Ser 396 of Tau protein was significantly suppressed by adding of hDPSCs. These results indicate that hDPSCs may promote regeneration of damaged neuron cells in vitro model of AD and may serve as a useful cell source for treatment of AD.
Peritoneo‐cutaneous fistula from spilled gall bladder calculus following laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Kumar Suneed 
Published: March 2017

Key Clinical MessageInadvertent spillage of gall stones is a rare yet important cause of delayed postcholecystectomy complications. Varied presentations and difficulty in diagnosis are the hallmarks, making it crucial to have a high index of suspicion to detect and intervene appropriately. Peritoneo‐cutaneous fistulae from the retained stone can be completely excised in toto.
Synthesis and Reduction of Sterically Encumbered Mesoionic Carbene‐Stabilized Aryldihaloboranes
Authors: Arrowsmith Merle , Böhnke Julian , Braunschweig Holger , Gao Haopeng , Légaré Marc‐André , Paprocki Valerie , Seufert Jens 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSterically hindered, in situ generated 1,3,4‐substituted 1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐ylidene mesoionic carbenes (MICs) were employed to stabilize a number of aryl‐ and heteroaryldihaloboranes, as well as the first MIC‐supported diborane. Reduction of borane adducts of the 1‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)‐3‐methyl‐4‐tert‐butyl‐1,2,3‐triazol‐5‐ylidene ligand with KC8 in non‐coordinating solvents led to intramolecular C−H‐ and, C−C‐activation at an isopropyl residue of the supporting ligand. DFT calculations showed that each of these activation reactions proceeds via a different isomer of a borylene intermediate.