bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Targeting Angiogenesis in Cancer Treatments: Where do we Stand?
Authors: Petrovic Nenad 
Published: August 2016

Since early seventies of the twentieth century, through seminal work of Judah Folkman, angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel sprouting from the existing vasculature, was recognized as a necessary part of wound healing, development of placenta, tissue growth and regeneration as well as cancer progression. This process is induced by low tissue oxygenation and it is a crucial prerequisite for rapid tissue growth, providing proper oxygen supply and removal of toxic metabolites. Suppression of angiogenesis as a way of slowing down tumor progression continues to be one of the most important areas of cancer research. The angiogenic process is relatively complex and it is regulated by numerous pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Intensive research in the last twenty years resulted in identification of more than 300 angiogenesis inhibitors, a trend that is expected to continue. Unfortunately, most of these treatments have demonstrated unacceptable toxicities or failed to show activity in clinical studies. Although not yet completely understood, the complex process of tumor angiogenesis involves highly regulated orchestration of multiple activating and inhibiting factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its cognate receptors appear to play a central role in angiogenesis activation. Thus, initial efforts to develop anti-angiogenic treatments focused largely on inhibiting VEGF action. Such approaches, however, often lead to transient responses due to multiple pathways able to compensate for a single pathway inhibited. Accordingly, more recent treatments have focused on simultaneous inhibition of multiple signaling pathways. This review concentrates on identifying those anti-angiogenic treatments that made to the clinic by receiving approval by USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as treatments for cancer. Regardless of observed problems, it is an imperative that research in angiogenesis regulation continues. Consequently, pharmacological manipulation of angiogenesis may yet to introduce truly new pharmacological therapies into the field of cancer therapy, the field that was rather dormant in the last several decades. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Evaluation Outcomes Associated with Alternative Dosing Strategies for Piperacillin/Tazobactam: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Hui , Cui Xiangli , Ma Zhuo , Liu Lihong 
Published: August 2016

A better dosing strategy can improve clinical outcomes for patients. We systematically reviewed the literatures to determine whether any clinical benefits exist for piperacillin/tazobactam by extended or continuous infusion. Methods - A search of PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, Embase and related ICAAC and ACCP conferences were conducted up to September 5, 2015. Randomized controlled and observational studies that compared extended or continuous infusion with conventional intermittent infusion of piperacillin/tazobactam were identified from the databases above and analyzed. Two reviewers independently evaluated the methodology and extracted data from primary studies. A meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.2 software. The quality of each study was assessed. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were evaluated. Results - Three randomized controlled trials and twelve observational studies were included in this study. All included studies had high quality and no publication bias was found. Compared to the conventional intermittent infusion approach, the extended or continuous infusion group had a significant cost effectiveness (OR -0.89.02, CI (-114.69,-63.35), P<0.00001). No statistical difference was observed for clinical cure rate (OR 1.64, 95% CI (0.88, 3.30), P=0.12) between the two dosing regimens. The sensitivity analysis showed the results were stable. Conclusions - Our systematic review and meta-analysis found that the outcomes associated with alternative dosing strategies of piperacillin/tazobactam have changed compared with conclusions before for several literatures with large samples published. Further data on the outcomes should be generated for a better understanding of the extended or continuous infusion strategy. On the whole, our meta-analysis suggested that the extended or continuous infusion should be recommended for clinical use only considering its economic advantage, but there was no significantly higher clinical cure rate and lower mortality rate compared with the conventional intermittent infusion. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Development of Tat-Conjugated Dendrimer for Transdermal DNA Vaccine Delivery
Authors: Bahadoran Azadeh , Moeini Hassan , Bejo Mohd Hair , Hussein Mohd Zobir , Omar Abdul Rahman 
Published: August 2016

PURPOSE: In order to enhance cellular uptake and to facilitate transdermal delivery of DNA vaccine, polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers conjugated with HIV transactivator of transcription (TAT) was developed. METHODS: First, the plasmid DNA (pIRES-H5/GFP) nanoparticle was formulated using PAMAM dendrimer and TAT peptide and then characterized for surface charge, particle size, DNA encapsulation and protection of the pIRES-H5/GFP DNA plasmid to enzymatic digestion. Subsequently, the potency of the TAT-conjugated dendrimer for gene delivery was evaluated through in vitro transfection into Vero cells followed by gene expression analysis including western blotting, fluorescent microscopy and PCR. The effect of the TAT peptide on cellular uptake of DNA vaccine was studied by qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. Finally, the ability of TAT-conjugated PAMAM dendrimer for transdermal delivery of the DNA plasmid was assessed through artificial membranes followed by qRT-PCR and flow cytometry. RESULTS: TAT-conjugated PAMAM dendrimer showed the ability to form a compact and nanometre-sized polyplexes with the plasmid DNA, having the size range of 105 to 115 nm and a positive charge of +42 to +45 mV over the N/P ratio of 6:1(+/-). In vitro transfection analysis into Vero cells confirms the high potency of TAT-conjugated PAMAM dendrimer to enhance the cellular uptake of DNA vaccine. The permeability value assay through artificial membranes reveals that TAT-conjugated PAMAM has more capacity for transdermal delivery of the DNA compared to unmodified PAMAM dendrimer (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that TAT-conjugated PAMAM dendrimer is a promising non-viral vector for transdermal use.This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) Recovered from Burn Patients
Authors: Adibhesami Habibeh , Douraghi Masoumeh , Zeraati Hojjat , Bazmi Fariba , Rahbar Mohammad , Pourmand Mohammad Reza , Tabrizi Mahboobeh Satarzadeh , Aliramezani Amir , Ghourchian Sedigheh 
Published: August 2016

Purpose. Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) and their prolonged presence in burn units increases the risk of acquisition of CRAB. Methods. From November 2012 to September 2013, 1474 burn patients were screened for CRAB isolates through testing susceptibility to imipenem and its comparators meropenem, and doripenem. Furthermore, the in vitro activity of other antibiotics against CRAB was investigated. Results. Three patients were infected with carbapenem-susceptible A. baumannii (CSAB) and 168 were infected with CRAB. Approximately one-fifth (n=32) of CRAB isolates were obtained from patients hospitalized in Burn Intensive Care Unit (BICU). Most of CRABs were isolated from wound. The mean length of stay (LOS) in hospital prior to A. baumannii isolation was significantly higher for CRAB compared to CSAB cases (P=0.04). Amongst the independent variables, percentage of total burn surface area (TBSA) significantly increased the mortality rate using multivariate logistic regression (P=0.001, OR= 16.5; 95% CI: 4.72-57.7). The majority of tested isolates were resistant to imipenem (94.8%), and to its comparators, doripenem (97.7%), and meropenem (97.7%). The susceptibility of CRAB isolates was less than 10% to all tested antibiotics except for colistin (100%), doxycycline (61.9%), gentamicin (18.5%), and tigecycline (11.9%). Conclusion. Resistance to carbapenem reduces the number of effective antibiotics. The coordinated and intensive efforts of healthcare personnel are required to meet the challenge of dissemination of CRAB.
Aproximación al tratamiento lexicográfico de los verbos de cambio en tres diccionarios generales del español
Authors: Conde Noguerol María Eugenia 
Published: August 2016

Esta pequeña aportación filológica pretende acercarse al tratamiento lexicográfico que reciben los denominados ‘verbos de cambio de estado’ —siguiendo la terminología de autores como Porroche (1994) o Coronado (1994), entre otros— en tres diccionarios generales del español, como son el Diccionario de la lengua española, de la Real Academia Española, el Diccionario de uso del español, de María Moliner y el Diccionario ‘Coruña’ de la lengua española, dirigido por el profesor Porto Dapena*. Se trata de analizar cuáles son los criterios lexicográficos que siguen estos diccionarios generales del español a la hora de reflejar la peculiaridad constructiva que singulariza a este tipo de verbos. *Para obtener un análisis del tratamiento lexicográfico de los verbos de cambio con valor pseudo-copulativo en cinco diccionarios didácticos del español, véase Oreal (2008).
Effects of Biochar Amendment on Soil Thermal Properties in the North China Plain
Authors: Zhao Jiankun , Ren Tusheng , Zhang Qingzhong , Du Zhangliu , Wang Yiding 
Published: August 2016

Core Ideas
Biochar may change the surface soil heat balance.
Biochar significantly decreased soil thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity.
Changes were mainly attributed to soil bulk density and the biochar itself.
Few studies have examined the effects of biochar amendment on soil thermal properties. Soil thermal properties dominate the storage and conduction of heat in soil, affect soil temperature and water and heat movement, and consequently influence plant growth and soil biochemical processes. A 7‐yr field experiment was performed to investigate the effects on soil thermal properties of biochar amendment at three application rates: 0 (control), 4.5 t ha−1 yr−1 (B4.5), and 9.0 t ha−1 yr−1 (B9.0). Soil heat capacity (C), thermal conductivity (λ), and thermal diffusivity (α) of the 0‐ to 5‐cm‐depth topsoil were determined throughout a corn (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growing period using a heat pulse method. The results showed that soil bulk density was decreased significantly by biochar (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in soil water content between the control and biochar treatments. There was no significant difference in the soil volumetric heat capacity between the control and biochar treatments. Soil thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity were decreased significantly by biochar (P < 0.05). There was a strong positive relationship between soil thermal conductivity and bulk density, and between soil thermal conductivity and water content (P < 0.001, n = 99). In contrast, there was a strong negative relationship between soil thermal conductivity and biochar amount (P < 0.001, n = 99). The reduction in soil thermal diffusivity may be attributed largely to the low thermal diffusivity of biochar and the decrease in soil bulk density caused by biochar.
Postseason Diagnosis of Potassium Deficiency in Soybean Using Seed Potassium Concentration
Authors: Parvej Md. Rasel , Slaton Nathan A. , Fryer Matthew S. , Roberts Trenton L. , Purcell Larry C. 
Published: August 2016

Core Ideas
Seed‐K concentrations accounted for 60% of the variation in relative yield of unfertilized soybean for 100 site‐years in North America.
The proposed deficient seed‐K concentration (<16.5 g kg−1) identified fields that responded positively to fertilizer K 77% of the time.
Seed‐K concentration difference with and without fertilizer K decreased with the increase of soil K.
Seed‐K concentrations can help diagnose reasons for low yields and correct K deficiency for subsequent crops.
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed nutrient concentrations may be useful for postseason diagnosis of nutrient deficiencies to identify reasons for lower‐than‐expected yields. Our objective was to determine the relationships between seed‐K and soil‐K concentrations and relative soybean yield and to develop potential seed‐K concentration thresholds for diagnosis of K deficiency as a yield‐limiting factor. Soil‐test K and seed‐K concentrations and yield data were collected from published and unpublished K fertilization research conducted in Arkansas (33 site‐years), Indiana (1 site‐year), Iowa (34 site‐years), Missouri (1 site‐year), Tennessee (6 site‐years), Virginia (1 site‐year), and Canada (24 site‐years). Seed‐K concentrations accounted for 66% of the variation in relative yield of soybean receiving no fertilizer K for Arkansas, 48% for Iowa, 78% for Canada, and 60% for North America from a database that included 100 site‐years. The critical seed‐K concentration ranges were 15.6 to 17.0 g K kg−1 for Arkansas, 17.4 to 20.0 g K kg−1 for Iowa, 14.6 to 16.2 g K kg−1 for Canada, and 16.5 to 17.7 g K kg−1 for North America. Seed‐K concentrations below the lower threshold for North America accurately predicted positive yield responses to fertilizer K at 77% of the sites classified as deficient. The difference between seed‐K concentration of soybean grown with and without fertilizer K decreased linearly as soil‐K concentration increased and plateaued when soil‐K concentration was ≥87, 139, 73, and 104 mg K kg−1 for Arkansas, Iowa, Canada, and North America, respectively. Results suggest that seed‐K concentrations can be used to aid in the diagnosis of K deficiency at maturity.
La cultura: un detonante en la globalización
Authors: Palacio Restrepo Manuela Valentina , Aguirre Serna Luisa María 
Published: August 2016

La cultura es un concepto de gran amplitud y complejidad que se convierte en un obstáculo para lograr crear lazos entre individuos de distintas partes del mundo. A pesar de ello, por medio de la aparición de nuevos conceptos como la interculturalidad y multiculturalidad, se ha logrado romper estos paradigmas que han impedido entrelazar dos o más culturas distintas, siendo una oportunidad de desarrollo en la globalización actual. Es casi imposible comprender este concepto de cultura si no se pone en un contexto real, es decir, en países donde esta defina todos los aspectos en la vida humana y social ; por esta razón el Continente Asiático se convierte en el foco de este artículo, particularmente India, China y Japón, realidades que no son imposibles de comprender o interactuar ni para una persona común o una gran empresa como McDonald’s que luego de sobrepasar muchos obstáculos en las tres culturas logró consolidar su negocio, al conocer y adaptarse a la cultura particular de estos tres países.
Aproximación a la comprensión de las conductas de consumo desde el marco jurídico colombiano y psicosocial
Authors: Granada de Espinal Luz Amparo , Córdoba Perea Deyner Andrés , Chaparro Laverde Lida Jasmín 
Published: August 2016

Las conductas de consumo han sido permanentes en el ser humano y en la sociedad, logrando ser objeto de estudio de disciplinas científicas como son: el mercadeo, la economía, la publicidad, la psicología del consumidor, la sociología, el derecho, entre otras, las que se han dado a la tarea de vislumbrar el fenómeno del consumo como una actividad empresarial, económica, jurídica y psicosocial que tiene como objetivo analizar al consumidor desde visiones e intereses diferentes en los que se enmarcan cada una de estas áreas. En este sentido el siguiente artículo es una construcción que tiene como propósito contribuir al entendimiento de las conductas de consumo desde una perspectiva jurídica y psicosocial, además, de la incidencia de la publicidad en los procesos emocionales del comprador.
The Shift in Existential Life Situations of Adult Children to Parents with Dementia Relocated to Nursing Homes
Authors: Høgsnes Linda , Norbergh Karl-Gustaf , Danielson Ella , Melin-Johansson Christina 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Previous research describes spouses and adult children of people with dementia as a homogeneous group using one term: family caregivers. Recent research shows that the needs and experiences of spouses and adult children differ, therefore they cannot be studied as a homogeneous group.

Aims:
The aim of the study was to describe the shift in existential life situations of adult children of a parent with dementia relocated to nursing homes.

Design:
This is a qualitative study with an interpretive approach.

Methods:
Face-to-face interviews were held with 11 adult children aged 48-65 years. The interviews lasted 30–60 minutes and data were analysed using interpretive content analysis.

Findings:
The adult children described how they experienced their life situation before and after their parents’ relocation. Before relocation they described feelings of powerlessness, loneliness in their responsibilities, loss and guilt. After relocation they had feelings of freedom, ongoing responsibility, living with loss and having a new relationship with death.

Conclusion:
The most important finding in our study was that adult children developed a different relationship with death than before the parent became affected by dementia. It is essential that healthcare staff understand and address the adult children’s existential life situations and the suffering they are experiencing. Healthcare staff need to be conscious about adult children’s needs for support to address their existential life situations before and after their parents relocate to nursing homes.
Programmvereinbarungen Wald – strategische und operative Ebene im Zusammenspiel (Essay)
Authors: Walker David , Roose Zilla 
Published: August 2016

Forest Program Agreements – interplay between the strategic and the operational level (essay)
With the reform of the fiscal equalization and division of tasks between the Confederation and the cantons program agreements were introduced as a new subsidy instrument in Swiss forest policy. The forest policy tasks continue to be jointly performed by the Confederation and the cantons, as was the case prior to the latter reform. The Confederation and the cantons are confronted with the challenge of balancing strategic steering by the Confederation and implementation by the cantons. This essay shows that in the domains of protection forest, forest biodiversity and forest management there are big differences in terms of how and to what extent the Confederation includes the cantons in the further development of the respective program agreements. In addition, the degree of steering through the Confederation varies in these three domains. Due to diverse objects of funding the Confederation steers broadly in the domain of forest management, but not in great detail. Conversely, the steering by the Confederation in the domains of protection forest and forest biodiversity is less broad, but due to the detailed content specifications the steering depth is high in these domains.
Waldspezifische Förderung in der Europäischen Union: Umsetzung in drei Fallbeispielen
Authors: de Buren Guillaume , Lieberherr Eva , Steinmann Kathrin 
Published: August 2016

Forest-specific funding in the European Union: implementation in three cases
The European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development is the most important source of funding for forest relevant activities in the European Union. In order to simplify administrative procedures, the fund underwent major changes in light of the funding period 2014–2020. Based on the cases of Austria and the two German constituent states Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria we analyze the development of the fund in relation to its use in the funding periods 2007–2013 und 2014–2020. The cases have taken different implementation strategies: from widespread utilization of the EU instrument in Austria to withdrawing from the funding mechanism in Bavaria. The analysis indicates that national conditions and the forest administrations' perceptions of the complexity of the EU instrument could have led to such diverging uses.
Grosse Fledermausvielfalt in den Waldnaturschutzgebieten des Kantons Zug
Authors: Deplazes Lucretia , Frey-Ehrenbold Annie , Ziegler Martin , Bontadina Fabio 
Published: August 2016

High bat diversity in forest nature reserves in the Canton Zug
Switzerland harbours 30 bat species. Of these, more than 80% have at least part of their habitat in forests. All 22 Swiss priority bat species are considered as forest species. These include twelve forest target species, for which a specific management is required. However, because of the secretive life of bats, missing information on the presence of bat species precluded the implementation of targeted conservation measures. In the last years, new broadband ultrasound recorders were developed as a powerful tool to detect and identify bat species in forests. The aim of our study was to use these new methods to record the presence of bat species in five forest nature reserves in the Canton Zug, to analyse their activity and to evaluate the site-specific differences. During 258 nights of data collection, we recorded 30,522 bat passes of at least twelve different bat species. 23.5% of the recorded bat passes were species from the Swiss Red List. At least three national priority forest target species were detected and three species were discovered for the first time in the Canton Zug. The variation of bat activity between the different forest reserves was high. In particular, areas with diverse and light forest communities, which are rich in dead and decayed wood, proved to be attractive habitats to bats. Alluvial forests, open waters and the presence of old oaks enhanced the diversity of species and bat activity in general. These results were used to define one target species for each forest nature reserve in the study sites and to promote species conservation measures.