bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of pharyngeal airway respiration pressure on Class II mandibular retrusion in children: A computational fluid dynamics study of inspiration and expiration
Authors: Iwasaki T. , Sato H. , Suga H. , Takemoto Y. , Inada E. , Saitoh I. , Kakuno K. , Kanomi R. , Yamasaki Y. 
Published: April 2017

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo examine the influence of negative pressure of the pharyngeal airway on mandibular retraction during inspiration in children with nasal obstruction using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method.Setting and Sample PopulationSixty‐two children were divided into Classes I, II (mandibular retrusion) and III (mandibular protrusion) malocclusion groups.Material and MethodsCone‐beam computed tomography data were used to reconstruct three‐dimensional shapes of the nasal and pharyngeal airways. Airflow pressure was simulated using CFD to calculate nasal resistance and pharyngeal airway pressure during inspiration and expiration.ResultsNasal resistance of the Class II group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups, and oropharyngeal airway inspiration pressure in the Class II (−247.64 Pa) group was larger than that in the Class I (−43.51 Pa) and Class III (−31.81 Pa) groups (P<.001). The oropharyngeal airway inspiration–expiration pressure difference in the Class II (−27.38 Pa) group was larger than that in the Class I (−5.17 Pa) and Class III (0.68 Pa) groups (P=.006).ConclusionLarge negative inspiratory pharyngeal airway pressure due to nasal obstruction in children with Class II malocclusion may be related to their retrognathia.
Oral mycobiome in community‐dwelling elderly and its relation to oral and general health conditions
Authors: Zakaria MN , Furuta M , Takeshita T , Shibata Y , Sundari R , Eshima N , Ninomiya T , Yamashita Y 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveOral fungal infection is generally associated with dysbiosis related to antibiotic use, immunodeficiency, or frailty. However, fungal colonization in a typical population without apparent symptoms and its associated conditions are poorly understood. In this study, oral fungal colonization in community‐dwelling and independently living elderly populations was evaluated and factors affecting fungal colonization were analyzed.Subjects and MethodsThe subjects (410; 181 males and 229 females) were 75–99 years of age; those under prior antibiotic use were excluded. Fungal populations in the saliva were evaluated by PCR‐based molecular techniques. Body mass index (BMI), smoking habits, and oral health conditions were examined.ResultsSalivary fungal amounts exceeded 104 CFU/ml in 63 (15.4%) of 410 subjects. Candida albicans was most frequently detected (98.4%), followed by Candida glabrata (54.0%), and Candida dubliniensis (38.1%) in those subjects with fungi at 104 CFU/ml or over. Fungi at 104 CFU/ml or over in the presence of C. glabrata or C. dubliniensis was significantly associated with low BMI.ConclusionsCandida albicans, C. glabrata, and C. dubliniensis dominated the oral mycobiome in Japanese community‐dwelling elderly. Lower BMI might signify compromised health status and thus could result in susceptibility to specific candidiasis by C. glabrata and C. dubliniensis.
Validation of the Mandarin Chinese Version of the Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire
Authors: Quan Xiaoli , Fong Daniel Yee Tak , Leung Angela Yee Man , Liao Qin , Ruscheweyh Ruth , Chau Pui Hing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThe Pain Sensitivity Questionnaire (PSQ), a self‐reported scale, has been used to assess the pain sensitivity level in a Caucasian population. However, a validated Mandarin Chinese version of the PSQ is not available. This study was aimed to translate the PSQ into Mandarin Chinese (PSQ‐C) and validate it to measure pain sensitivity among Chinese people.MethodsThe English version of the PSQ has been translated into Mandarin Chinese (PSQ‐C), according to the standard steps of cross‐cultural adaptation of self‐reported scales. Three of the 17 items were revised owing to cultural adaptation. The final version was validated on a population of 182 Chinese people in Changsha City, China, during October to December 2015. The participants underwent electrical experimental pain testing. The psychometric properties of the PSQ‐C and its subscales were examined.ResultsThe Cronbach's alpha coefficients for the PSQ‐C‐total, PSQ‐C‐moderate, and PSQ‐C‐minor were 0.90, 0.86, and 0.81, respectively. Acceptable test‐retest reliability, content validity, and construct validity were demonstrated. Concurrent validity was shown via significant positive correlations between PSQ‐C scores and perceived pain intensity at pain threshold and during pain stimulation with a fixed intensity. Convergent validity was shown via significant positive correlations between Pain Catastrophizing Scale scores and PSQ‐C scores. Known group validity was demonstrated via higher PSQ‐C‐total and PSQ‐C‐moderate scores among those with high neuroticism scores. These results indicate that the PSQ‐C has reasonably good psychometric properties, similar to the original English and German versions.ConclusionThe PSQ‐C is a reliable and useful tool to assess pain sensitivity levels in a Chinese population.
Prevalence and Predictors of Patient Nonadherence to Pharmacological Acute Pain Therapy at Home After Day Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Stessel Björn , Theunissen Maurice , Marcus Marco A. , Joosten Elbert A. , van Kuijk Sander M. J. , Fiddelers Audrey A. A. , Peters Madelon L. , Hoofwijk Daisy M. N. , Buhre Wolfgang F. F. A. , Gramke Hans‐Fritz 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundGood adherence to prescribed analgesics can be crucial to suppress or even prevent acute postoperative pain after day surgery. The aim of this study was to analyze prevalence and predictors of analgesic nonadherence after day surgery.MethodsElective patients scheduled for day surgery were prospectively enrolled from November 2008 to April 2010. Outcome parameters were measured by using questionnaire packages at 2 time points: 1 week preoperatively and 4 days postoperatively. The primary outcome parameter was analgesic nonadherence. Adherence was defined according to the patient's response to the questionnaire item “analgesia use as prescribed”: full adherence, “yes”; partial adherence, “yes, sometimes”; nonadherence, “no.” Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of analgesic nonadherence.ResultsA total of 1,248 patients were included. The prevalence rates of analgesic nonadherence and partial adherence were 21.6% and 20.0%, respectively, in the total study population but dropped to 9.4% and 19.8%, respectively, in patients with moderate to severe pain. Low postoperative pain intensity and short duration of surgery were the most important predictors of analgesic nonadherence. The most important preoperative predictors for analgesic nonadherence were low preoperative pain intensity, low preoperative expectations of pain, and low fear of short‐term effects of surgery.ConclusionAnalgesic nonadherence and partial adherence are common after day surgery but decrease as average pain intensity increases. Patients at risk for analgesic nonadherence can be identified during the preoperative period based on preoperative pain intensity, preoperative expectations of pain, and fear of surgery.
Genesis of the Tianbaoshan Polymetallic Ore District, Yanbian, NE China: Constraints from Geochronology and Isotopic Analysis
Authors: Zhang Yong , Xing Shuwen , Zhang Zengjie , Ma Yubo , Wang Yan , Ding Jianhua , Yu Zhengtao , Li Chao , Zhang Bo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe large‐scale Tianbaoshan polymetallic (Cu, Pb, Zn, and Mo) ore district in the Yanbian area of China hosts the Xinxing Pb–Zn, Lishan Pb–Zn, Dongfeng Zn–Cu (Pb), and Dongfengbeishan Mo deposits. We report zircon U–Pb and Re–Os age data, geochemical data, and zircon Hf isotope compositions of granitic rocks associated with the Tianbaoshan ore district. Zircon U–Pb dating of the Xinxing, Lishan, Dongfeng, and Dongfengbeishan granitic rocks, all of which are associated with polymetallic mineralization, yielded weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of 272.1 ± 2.1, 272.7 ± 1.8, 272.5 ± 2.7, and 199.6 ± 1.4 Ma, respectively. The Dongfengbeishan Mo deposit yields molybdenite Re–Os model ages of 200.3 and 190.3 Ma, an isochron age of 196.5 ± 3.1 Ma, and a weighted mean model age of 194.6 ± 2.6 Ma. This suggests that mineralization took place in the ore district in two stages during the middle Permian and Early Jurassic. The intrusive rocks of these two stages are identified as medium‐ to high‐K calc‐alkaline I‐type granites. They are enriched in large ion lithophile elements, depleted in high field‐strength elements, and contain positive zircon εHf(t) values (+4.6 to +13.9), indicating the primary magma originated from the partial melting of juvenile lower crust. The granitic rocks show geochemical characteristics similar to those of coeval rocks in NE China. Based on the new geochemical data and other regional geological studies, we propose that the mineralization of the two stages of granitic rocks in the Tianbaoshan polymetallic ore district occurred in active continental margin settings, but was controlled by different geotectonic mechanisms: the subduction of the Paleo‐Asian Oceanic Plate in the middle Permian and the subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate in the Early Jurassic.
Subscales of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale differentially relate to the Big Five factors of personality
Authors: Lange Florian , Wagner Adina , Müller Astrid , Eggert Frank 
Published: April 2017

The place of impulsiveness in multidimensional personality frameworks is still unclear. In particular, no consensus has yet been reached with regard to the relation of impulsiveness to Neuroticism and Extraversion. We aim to contribute to a clearer understanding of these relationships by accounting for the multidimensional structure of impulsiveness. In three independent studies, we related the subscales of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) to the Big Five factors of personality. Study 1 investigated the associations between the BIS subscales and the Big Five factors as measured by the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory (NEO‐FFI) in a student sample (N = 113). Selective positive correlations emerged between motor impulsiveness and Extraversion and between attentional impulsiveness and Neuroticism. This pattern of results was replicated in Study 2 (N = 132) using a 10‐item short version of the Big Five Inventory. In Study 3, we analyzed BIS and NEO‐FFI data obtained from a sample of patients with pathological buying (N = 68). In these patients, the relationship between motor impulsiveness and Extraversion was significantly weakened when compared to the non‐clinical samples. At the same time, the relationship between attentional impulsiveness and Neuroticism was substantially stronger in the clinical sample. Our studies highlight the utility of the BIS subscales for clarifying the relationship between impulsiveness and the Big Five personality factors. We conclude that impulsiveness might occupy multiple places in multidimensional personality frameworks, which need to be specified to improve the interpretability of impulsiveness scales.
Social status, everyday interpersonal processes, and coronary heart disease: A social psychophysiological view
Authors: Cundiff Jenny M. , Smith Timothy W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLower socioeconomic position is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease. This robust gradient is found across levels of socioeconomic position and after controlling access to health care and traditional biological and behavioral risk factors. Thus, previous theory and research has examined the role of other, relatively static psychosocial factors (e.g., social isolation and negative emotional traits) that may account for this association. Utilizing an interpersonal perspective on psychosocial risk (Smith & Cundiff, ; Smith, Gallo, & Ruiz, ; Smith, Glazer, Ruiz, & Gallo, ), this review examines the role of recurring interpersonal experiences and their physiological effects as a pathway linking socioeconomic position and coronary heart disease. Specifically, we focus on proximal interpersonal experiences that may not only explain the increased prevalence of more chronic psychosocial vulnerabilities in lower socioeconomic environments and individuals but may also link those psychosocial vulnerabilities to the momentary physiological mechanisms (i.e., stress responses) that directly contribute to coronary heart disease. Recurring experiences of reduced support and increased conflict in important personal relationships, work stress, multiple aspects of interactions with higher‐status others, the effects of negative stereotypes about lower socioeconomic groups and individuals, greater use of suppressive strategies for emotion regulation and greater negative consequences for more direct and expressive social behavior, and greater engagement in perseverative cognition all plausibly combine to perpetuate psychosocial risk and produce overall greater physiological burden at lower levels of socioeconomic position.
D‐dimer level, in association with humoral responses, negatively correlates with survival of porcine islet grafts in non‐human primates with immunosuppression
Authors: Kang Hee Jung , Lee Haneulnari , Park Eun Mi , Kim Jong‐Min , Min Byoung‐Hoon , Park Chung‐Gyu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundSeveral immunosuppression (IS) regimens achieve long‐term graft survival in non‐human primates (NHPs) after porcine islet transplantation (PITx), but their success rates vary. To understand the mechanism of graft loss, we investigated the relationships between graft survival and humoral or inflammatory responses for maintenance IS in NHPs after PITx.MethodsIslets purified from adult wild‐type pigs were intraportally transplanted into streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rhesus monkeys. Three monkeys received an IS regimen without anti‐CD154 monoclonal antibody (mAb, transplant [Tpl]‐control) and 11 received IS with anti‐CD154 mAb (Tpl‐aCD154). Blood samples were obtained weekly from the recipients until graft function ceased and weekly from three healthy monkeys (non‐Tpl‐control) for 6 months. Levels of D‐dimer, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and anti‐Galα1,3Gal (Gal) IgG, IgG1, IgG2, and IgM were measured. Liver biopsy sections were immunostained for fibrin, insulin, and human CD31.ResultsTpl‐control monkeys had higher time‐weighted average levels (levelstwavrg) of Δanti‐Gal IgG (Δ, difference from level at day 0) and D‐dimer than Tpl‐aCD154 or non‐Tpl‐control. The levelstwavrg of Δanti‐Gal IgG, IgG1, IgG2, and IgM did not differ between Tpl‐aCD154 and non‐Tpl‐control. The levelstwavrg of D‐dimer and Δanti‐Gal IgG2 negatively correlated with graft survival. Liver biopsy sections revealed many spots of fibrin deposition inside islet grafts that were well vascularized by human CD31‐positive cells. Level of D‐dimer positively correlated with Δanti‐Gal IgG1 in Tpl‐control and with Δanti‐Gal IgG2 in Tpl‐aCD154.ConclusionsIntravascular coagulation, in association with immune responses against xenografts, may partly contribute to loss of islet grafts in NHPs after PITx.
Detection of potentially novel paramyxovirus and coronavirus viral RNA in bats and rats in the Mekong Delta region of southern Viet Nam
Authors: Berto A. , Anh P. H. , Carrique‐Mas J. J. , Simmonds P. , Van Cuong N. , Tue N. T. , Van Dung N. , Woolhouse M. E. , Smith I. , Marsh G. A. , Bryant J. E. , Thwaites G. E. , Baker S. , Rabaa M. A. ,   the VIZIONS consortium
Published: April 2017

SummaryBats and rodents are being increasingly recognized as reservoirs of emerging zoonotic viruses. Various studies have investigated bat viruses in tropical regions, but to date there are no data regarding viruses with zoonotic potential that circulate in bat and rat populations in Viet Nam. To address this paucity of data, we sampled three bat farms and three wet markets trading in rat meat in the Mekong Delta region of southern Viet Nam. Faecal and urine samples were screened for the presence of RNA from paramyxoviruses, coronaviruses and filoviruses. Paramyxovirus RNA was detected in 4 of 248 (1%) and 11 of 222 (4.9%) bat faecal and urine samples, respectively. Coronavirus RNA was detected in 55 of 248 (22%) of bat faecal samples; filovirus RNA was not detected in any of the bat samples. Further, coronavirus RNA was detected in 12 of 270 (4.4%) of rat faecal samples; all samples tested negative for paramyxovirus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the bat paramyxoviruses and bat and rat coronaviruses were related to viruses circulating in bat and rodent populations globally, but showed no cross‐species mixing of viruses between bat and rat populations within Viet Nam. Our study shows that potentially novel variants of paramyxoviruses and coronaviruses commonly circulate in bat and rat populations in Viet Nam. Further characterization of the viruses and additional human and animal surveillance is required to evaluate the likelihood of viral spillover and to assess whether these viruses pose a risk to human health.
In Vivo
Pharmacodynamic Target Assessment of Eravacycline against Escherichia coli in a Murine Thigh Infection Model
Authors: Zhao Miao , Lepak Alexander J. , Marchillo Karen , VanHecker Jamie , Andes David R. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Eravacycline is a novel fluorocycline antibiotic with potent activity against a broad range of pathogens, including strains with tetracycline and other drug resistance phenotypes. The goal of the studies was to determine which pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameter and magnitude best correlated with efficacy in the murine thigh infection model. Six
Escherichia coli
isolates were utilized for the studies. MICs were determined using CLSI methods and ranged from 0.125 to 0.25 mg/liter. A neutropenic murine thigh infection model was utilized for all treatment studies. Single-dose plasma pharmacokinetics were determined in mice after administration of 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg of body weight. Pharmacokinetic studies exhibited maximum plasma concentration (
C
max
) values of 0.34 to 2.58 mg/liter, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time zero to infinity (AUC
0–∞
) values of 2.44 to 57.6 mg · h/liter, and elimination half-lives of 3.9 to 17.6 h. Dose fractionation studies were performed using total drug doses of 6.25 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg fractionated into 6-, 8-, 12-, or 24-h regimens. Nonlinear regression analysis demonstrated that the 24-h free drug AUC/MIC (
f
AUC/MIC) was the PK/PD parameter that best correlated with efficacy (
R
2
= 0.80). In subsequent studies, we used the neutropenic murine thigh infection model to determine if the magnitude of the AUC/MIC needed for the efficacy of eravacycline varied among pathogens. Mice were treated with 2-fold increasing doses (range, 3.125 to 50 mg/kg) of eravacycline every 12 h. The mean
f
AUC/MIC magnitudes associated with the net stasis and the 1-log-kill endpoints were 27.97 ± 8.29 and 32.60 ± 10.85, respectively.
In Vitro
Discordance with
In Vivo
Activity: Humanized Exposures of Ceftazidime-Avibactam, Aztreonam, and Tigecycline Alone and in Combination against New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Murine Lung Infection Model
Authors: Monogue M. L. , Abbo L. M. , Rosa R. , Camargo J. F. , Martinez O. , Bonomo R. A. , Nicolau D. P. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

The management of infections with New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1 (NDM)-producing bacteria remains clinically challenging given the multidrug resistant (MDR) phenotype associated with these bacteria. Despite resistance
in vitro
, ceftazidime-avibactam previously demonstrated
in vivo
activity against NDM-positive
Enterobacteriaceae
. Herein, we observed
in vitro
synergy with ceftazidime-avibactam and aztreonam against an MDR
Klebsiella pneumoniae
harboring NDM.
In vivo
, humanized doses of ceftazidime-avibactam monotherapy resulted in >2 log
10
CFU bacterial reduction; therefore, no
in vivo
synergy was observed.
Identification and Optimization of Thienopyridine Carboxamides as Inhibitors of HIV Regulatory Complexes
Authors: Nakamura Robert L. , Burlingame Mark A. , Yang Shumin , Crosby David C. , Talbot Dale J. , Chui Kitty , Frankel Alan D. , Renslo Adam R. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Viral regulatory complexes perform critical functions during virus replication and are important targets for therapeutic intervention. In HIV, the Tat and Rev proteins form complexes with multiple viral and cellular factors to direct transcription and export of the viral RNA. These complexes are composed of many proteins and are dynamic, making them difficult to fully recapitulate
in vitro
. Therefore, we developed a cell-based reporter assay to monitor the assembly of viral complexes for inhibitor screening. We screened a small-molecule library and identified multiple hits that inhibit the activity of the viral complexes. A subsequent chemistry effort was focused on a thieno[2,3-b]pyridine scaffold, examples of which inhibited HIV replication and the emergence from viral latency. Notable aspects of the effort to determine the structure-activity relationship (SAR) include migration to the regioisomeric thieno[2,3-c]pyridine ring system and the identification of analogs with single-digit nanomolar activity in both reporter and HIV infectivity assays, an improvement of >100-fold in potency over the original hits. These results validate the screening strategy employed and reveal a promising lead series for the development of a new class of HIV therapeutics.
Protocol for a placebo-controlled, within-participants crossover trial evaluating the efficacy of intranasal oxytocin to improve pain and function among women with chronic pelvic musculoskeletal pain
Authors: Rash Joshua A , Toivonen Kirsti , Robert Magali , Nasr-Esfahani Maryam , Jarrell John F , Campbell Tavis S 
Published: April 2017

IntroductionThis protocol presents the rationale and design for a trial evaluating the efficacy of intranasal oxytocin in improving pain and function among women with chronic pelvic musculoskeletal pain. Oxytocin is a neuropeptide traditionally recognised for involvement in labour, delivery and lactation. Novel evidence suggests that oxytocin decreases pain sensitivity in humans. While oxytocin administration has been reported to lower pain sensitivity among patients experiencing chronic back pain, headache, constipation and colon pain, no research has evaluated the association between intranasal oxytocin and chronic pelvic musculoskeletal pain. The association between oxytocin and pain may differ in women with chronic pelvic musculoskeletal pain relative to other chronic pain conditions because of the abundance of oxytocin receptors in the uterus.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, within-participants crossover trial. 50 women with chronic pelvic musculoskeletal pain will be recruited through a local chronic pain centre and gynaecology clinics. Women will complete baseline measures and be randomised to an experimental or control condition that involve 2 weeks of self-administering twice-daily doses of 24 IU intranasal oxytocin or placebo, respectively. Women will then undergo a 2-week washout period before crossing over to receive the condition that they had not yet received. The primary outcome will be pain and function measured using the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form. Secondary outcomes include emotional function, sleep disturbance and global impression of change. This trial will provide data on the 14-day safety and side-effect profile of intranasal oxytocin self-administered as an adjuvant treatment for chronic pelvic musculoskeletal pain.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was granted approval from Health Canada and the University of Calgary Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board, and is registered online at ClinicalTrials.gov (#NCT02888574). Results will be disseminated to healthcare professionals through peer-reviewed publications and to the general public through press releases.Trial registration numberNCT02888574; Pre-results.