bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards Carbon Footprint Management in Hybrid Multicloud
Authors: Arora Rohan , Devi Umamaheswari , Eilam Tamar , Goyal Aanchal , Narayanaswami Chandra , Parida Pritish 
Published: September 2024

Enterprises today aspire to optimize the operating costs and carbon footprint (CFP) of their IT operations jointly without compromising their business imperatives. This has given rise to a hybrid approach in which enterprises retain the dynamic choice to leverage private data centers and one or more public clouds in conjunction. While cloud service providers (CSPs) have long provided APIs for estimating, reconciling, and optimizing operating costs, they have only recently started exposing APIs related to CFP.
Indeed, this is a step in the right direction. Nevertheless, our analyses of these APIs reveals many gaps that need to be addressed to facilitate sizing and placement decisions that can factor in carbon. First, there is a lack of standardized, transparent methodology for CFP quantification across different CSPs. Second, the coarse granularity of the CFP data provided today can help with post-facto reporting but is not suitable for proactive fine-grained optimization. Last, enterprises themselves are unable to independently compute the current CFP or estimate potential CFP savings since CSPs do not share the required power usage data.

To address these gaps, enterprises have started developing their own carbon assessment methodologies and tools to estimate the CFP of workloads running on public clouds using the available user-facing APIs. These systems hold the promise for
an independent and unbiased evaluation
and
estimation of relative savings
between different deployment options by cloud users. We describe and analyze the details of CSP-native carbon-reporting tools and their quantification methodology, and the "outside-of-the-cloud" estimation approaches. Finally, we present opportunities for future research in the direction of trustworthy, fine-grained, public cloud workload CFP estimation, which is a prerequisite for meaningful realization of carbon optimization.
Notas sobre escultura e Notas sobre escultura, parte 2
Authors: Morris Robert , Silva Renato Rodrigues da 
Published: September 2024

The articles “Notes on Sculpture” and “Notes on Sculpture, Part 2” by Robert Morris mark a milestone in the history of sculpture, challenging traditional notions of form and function. The emphasis on basic geometric elements and the understanding of sculpture as a spatial event, rather than a static object, transformed artistic discourse. By proposing an approach centered on the viewer’s experience and the work’s interaction with the environment, Morris paved the way for Minimalism. Through his reflections, the artist significantly expanded the possibilities of sculpture, influencing contemporary art production and criticism in a decisive manner.
Effects of different feed additives on the development of ovaries and testicles in the ridgetail white shrimp Exopalaemon carinicauda (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae)
Authors: Pang Zhiyu , Zhao Zhenhui , Zhao Yu , Liu Xue , Deng Deng , Yan Binlun , Azra Mohamad Nor , Baloch Wazir Ali , Gao Huan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To solve the problem of unsynchronized gonadal development in Exopalaemon carinicauda, different feed additives were evaluated for their effect on gonadal development among female and male individuals. Different concentrations of Schizochytrium (0%, 3%, 6%, and 9%), Porphyridium cruentum (0, 0.5, 1 and 2%) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) creatinine sulfate (0, 0.0025, 0.005 and 0.01%) were used. For females, the gonadal index of E. carinicauda was significantly higher with the addition of 6% Schizochytrium, 1% P. cruentum, and 0.0025% 5-HT creatinine sulfate (). The ovarian development rate reached its highest at 79.30 ± 2.64%, and the final contents of blood ovarian vitellogen and oestradiol were significantly higher, compared to the other groups (). For males, the gonadal index was higher with the addition of 9% Schizochytrium, 0% P. cruentum and 0.01% 5-HT creatinine sulfate, although the difference was not significant (). No significant difference was found in the sperm survival rate (), but the activities of sperm total ATPase and lactate dehydrogenase showed significant differences in each group (). Overall, we report the effects of the three additives on gonadal development in E. carinicauda, with females showing the more significant effects.
Shell chirality and phylogeography of land snail Satsuma batanica species group (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Camaenidae)
Authors: Hwang Chung-Chi , Ger Mang-Jye , Wu Shu-Ping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chirality has been recognised as a potentially important mechanism in the speciation of land snails because it leads to reproductive isolation between individuals with different coiling directions. The Satsuma batanica species group comprises the sinistral S. batanica and the dextral S. bacca, despite the observed sympatric distributions of the two chiral morphs. This study examines the population structure, phylogeographic history and taxonomy of the species group by analyzing mitochondrial COI gene sequences. A total of 127 haplotypes were identified from 367 individuals collected from 39 locations. The phylogenetic trees, constructed using Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood methods, along with the median-joining network, identified 14 clades. The reconstructed ancestral states indicate that the most recent common ancestor of the S. batanica species group was sinistral. The frequent occurrence of the dextral morph, the shared haplotype, the sympatric distribution, and the co-occurrence of the two chiral morphs within the same phylogenetic clades recovered here do not support reproductive isolation and single-gene speciation based on chiral differences. All the names belonging to the S. batanica species group are considered synonyms because of their molecular and morphological similarities. This species is estimated to have originated approximately 615 thousand years ago from the northern margin of its current distribution. Two major genetic divergence stages occurred around 440 and 50–100 thousand years ago. The formation of ancient islands through orogenic activities is utilised to explain the phylogeographic history of the species.
A comprehensive analysis of coffee silverskin bioconversion by Hermetia illucens larvae
Authors: De Filippis F. , Sequino G. , Bruno D. , Bonelli M. , Nolasco A. , Esposito F. , Cirillo T. , Tettamanti G. , Ercolini D. , Casartelli M. , Caccia S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Coffee silverskin, the outer layer of the green coffee bean, represents a major by-product of the coffee industry derived from the roasting process. In recent years the development of sustainable and circular strategies to manage and valorise organic wastes and by-products has become increasingly relevant and the potential of coffee silverskin in food industry, cosmetics, and bioconversion applications is gaining attention. In the present work we addressed the valorisation of coffee silverskin through insect bioconversion using the larvae of the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens, one of the most promising bioconversion agents among insects. These larvae grow on a huge variety of organic substrates due to their outstanding adaptability, that is conferred by the plasticity of the midgut physiology and associated microbiota. Our results demonstrate that black soldier fly larvae were able to grow and develop on coffee silverskin. The larvae reduced this by-product by 25% and a high protein insect biomass (i.e. 56 g per 100 g of dry matter) was obtained. Interestingly, 25% of the hemicellulose fraction of coffee silverskin was degraded by the larvae. In addition, the larval gut microbiota, which plays a key role in larvae digestion adaptability and bioconversion, was shaped by growing the larvae on coffee silverskin and bacterial taxa involved in complex polysaccharide degradation were selected. In conclusion, black soldier fly larvae may represent (1) a valuable tool for the development of new and sustainable strategies for coffee silverskin bioconversion and valorisation, and (2) an effective bioincubator for the selection and isolation of microbial strains with peculiar degrading capacity.
Differences between wild and cultivated Comadia redtenbacheri: an in vitro study
Authors: Bernardino-Nicanor A. , López Cortés M.G. , Juárez-Goiz J.M.S. , González-Cruz L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The chinicuil (Comadia redtenbacheri (Hammershmidt)) is a seasonal insect whose main hosts are pulque agaves: Agave salmiana Otto ex salm, A. mapisaga Trel., A. atrovirens and plants of the complex A. applanata, which are damaged when the insect is collected; for this reason, the chinicuil has a greater impact on the environment. Several procedures have been developed for the cultivation of chinicuil under controlled conditions. However, to assess the differences between chinicuil cultivated under controlled conditions and wild chinicuil, a prior evaluation of the quality and performance of the insects is necessary. Therefore, this work investigated changes in nutrient composition, total phenolic content, in vitro protein digestibility, and antioxidant and antihypertensive effects. Wild chinicuil and chinicuil grown under controlled conditions (cultivated) were evaluated, and in vitro studies were conducted to assess their changes. A greater proportion of large chinicuil was obtained from cultivated chinicuil than from wild chinicuil. The size of the chinicuil and the drying process mainly influenced the protein and lipid concentrations. No differences in antioxidant activity were detected between cultivated and wild chinicuil or based on the drying method, but the size of the chinicuil influenced this activity. Moderate angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition was observed in the wild chinicuil, whereas greater ACE inhibition was achieved with the cultivated chinicuil; oven-dried chinicuil showed greater ACE inhibition than did freeze-dried chinicuil. In terms of protein digestibility, no significant differences were found between wild and cultivated chinicuil or between the different sizes of insects or drying methods. The cultivation of chinicuil gives the best results in terms of several characteristics. However, production under controlled conditions is not easy and requires further research on its development.
The Meloni-Casellati Institutional Reform
Authors: Improta Marco , Marzi Paolo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study examines the Meloni-Casellati institutional reform in Italy. This reform constitutes a relevant political fact that could potentially affect the functioning of political institutions and the behavior of political actors in the country. The reform aims to strengthen the link between voter preferences and government formation and enhance government stability. The proposal, consisting of four substantive articles, abolishes life senators, modifies the Head of State’s dissolution powers, introduces the direct election of the prime minister and a peculiar confidence mechanism. This study explores the historical context and motivations behind the reform proposal, examining its potential impact on the country’s politics. Then, it describes the various steps of the reform drafting. Finally, it compares the Meloni-Casellati proposal with Israel’s 1992–2001 experiment concerning the direct election of the prime minister, scrutinizing similarities and differences. If approved, the reform will introduce a new, unprecedented government system in Italy, that has never been adopted elsewhere. As such, this topic poses relevant theoretical challenges for political science research, eliciting scholarly attention about Italian politics, government forms, institutional design, and ruling and opposition parties behavior.
Expanding community-academic collaborations to improve COVID-19 vaccination: A rural-focused COVID-19 vaccination campaign
Authors: Luke Elizabeth , Allis Nicholas ,   Fort Drum Regional Health Planning Organization,   Jefferson County Public Health Service,   Lewis County Health System,   North Country Initiative, Cameron Daniel , Caldwell Leah , Stewart Telisa 
Published: September 2024

Background: Rural populations in the USA demonstrate a high degree of vaccine hesitancy, particularly surrounding COVID-19 vaccines. Objectives: Following the successful implementation of a COVID-19 vaccination campaign with a rural-based health system in New York state, the goal of this project was to develop a large community–academic partnership with multiple rural-based community organisations to implement an additional COVID-19 vaccination campaign tailored to rural audiences. Methods: Campaign materials were created and refined with several collaborators across multiple rural-based hospitals, health centres and community organisations. Campaign effectiveness was examined through an analysis of New York state vaccination data. Lessons learned: This project shows that larger community–academic partnerships involving multiple organisations can be achieved and utilised to address complex public health issues such as vaccine hesitancy. Conclusions: Larger and longer-term community–academic partnerships can be leveraged to combat a wide range of public health issues and enable a personalised focus on specific communities.
Behavioral intentions and influencing factors of learning through mobile devices in medical education: A developing country's perspective
Authors: Bashir Faiza , Warraich Nosheen Fatima , Malik Ammara 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Mobile devices (m-devices) are transforming the global landscape of education. These handheld gadgets enhance medical students’ learning simultaneously. This study looked into the behavioral intentions of Pakistani medical students toward learning through m-devices. Methods Uses & gratifications theory and theory of planned behavior were adopted as conceptual frameworks. Data were collected from 310 medical students from 1st year to 5th year. The study used structural equation modeling to assess its hypotheses. Results and Discussion The results of this empirical investigation indicated that medical students opted for m-learning with the motivation of information-seeking and trust. Moreover, medical students perceived behavioral control is affected by information-seeking, trust, attitude, and subjective norms. Whereas, attitude, perceived behavioral control, information-seeking, and trust are positively associated with the behavioral intentions of medical students when they use their m-devices for academic purposes. Practical implications This study will shed light on several of practical implications for concerned policymakers to create strategies that will directly leverage m-learning in medical education from the eyes of less-resourced country (Pakistan). Moreover, this proposed conceptual model could increase the awareness of medical institutions and facilitate dealing with the impacts of these factors on students’ behavior. Significance of the Study To the best of our knowledge, this study is among a few attempts to understand medical students’ motivational factors behind their behavioral intentions while using m-devices academically. Resultantly, this study adds to the theoretical understanding of the variables influencing Pakistani medical students’ m-learning behavioral intention in this setting. Secondly, this proposed conceptual model could increase the awareness of medical institutions and facilitate dealing with the impacts of these factors on students’ behavior.
Facilitating home birth in perinatal palliative care: A case report
Authors: Bertaud Sophie , Kirven Rachel , Kirven Thomas , Harrop Emily , Crudgington Amanda , Wilkinson Dominic 
Published: September 2024

Background: Perinatal palliative care can offer compassionate support to families following diagnosis of a life-limiting illness, to enable them to make valued choices and the most of the time that they have with their newborn. However, home birth is usually only offered in low-risk pregnancies. Case: A couple who received an antenatal diagnosis of hypoplastic left heart syndrome and who had made a plan to provide palliative care to their baby after birth requested the option of a home birth. Possible courses of action: Recommend birth at hospital or explore the possibility of a home birth with perinatal palliative care support. Formulation of a plan: Multidisciplinary discussion and collaboration enabled a plan for home birth to be made which anticipated potential complications. Outcome: The baby was born at home and died on day 5 of life receiving outreach nursing, paediatric and palliative care support and buccal and oral opioids for symptom management. We include reflections from the family on the importance of this experience. Lessons: We provide a list of potential criteria for considering home birth in the setting of perinatal palliative care. View: Facilitating a home birth in the setting of perinatal palliative care is an option that can be hugely valued by families, but this service may be practically difficult to deliver in many contexts. Further research is needed to understand the preferences of women and families receiving perinatal palliative care.
Identification of core indicators for the integration of a palliative care approach in hospitals: An international Delphi study
Authors: Nevin Mary , Payne Sheila , Smith Valerie 
Published: September 2024

Background: Healthcare providers working in hospitals have significant exposure to patients with palliative care needs. For many patients, these needs often reflect non-specialist rather than specialist palliative care needs. Embedding a palliative care approach in acute hospital-based care however is challenging. Aim: To identify core indicators for the integration of a palliative care approach in hospitals. Design: A Delphi technique used three sequential online survey rounds. Preliminary indicators were identified in a concept analysis of a palliative care approach, and a systematic review of hospital-based healthcare providers’ views of a palliative care approach. Participants: An international expert panel of three key stakeholder groups (clinicians, researchers, patients/family members) participated in each Delphi round. Results: The Delphi participants were recruited from 12 countries; 97 individuals responded to round 1, 78 to round 2 and 72 to round 3 (74% overall response rate). Consensus was achieved (defined a priori as >70%) on 32 core indicators of a hospital-based palliative care approach, with five structural indicators (relating to infrastructure and governance), 21 organisational indicators (relating to clinical care processes) and six staff indicators (relating to training and support for healthcare providers). Conclusions: This study offers multi-level guidance for clinical practice, policy and research related to integration of a palliative care approach in hospitals, based on evidence and international consensus from major stakeholder groups. These core indicators provide a means to assess, review and communicate the core elements of a palliative care approach in hospitals.
Effects of a Simulated Game and Doubleheader Inning on Peak Kinetics in Softball Pitching Across Pitch Types
Authors: Fava Anthony W. , Downs Talmage Jessica L. , van Hogerwou Thomas , Oliver Gretchen D. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Softball pitchers frequently pitch at high volumes. Previous research has demonstrated changes in mechanics, range of motion, and perceived levels of fatigue and pain at high workloads. To date, little research has assessed changes in kinetics at high workloads across pitch types to understand the injury risk. Purpose: To examine changes in peak kinetics of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist of the pitching arm throughout a simulated game and doubleheader inning. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: A total of 19 high school softball pitchers (mean age, 15.1 ± 1.5 years; mean height, 1.6 ± 0.2 m; mean weight, 76.3 ± 16.9 kg) participated. Pitchers threw 4 innings of 25 randomly assigned pitches to mimic a game's high pitch count. Participants then rested for 30 minutes before subsequently proceeding to pitch the first inning of a doubleheader. Each pitcher threw a fastball, drop ball, curveball, and changeup. Peak shoulder, elbow, and wrist kinetics were compared across the first, last, and doubleheader innings and pitch types. Results: Compared with the first inning, significant decreases in kinetics were observed at the shoulder, elbow, and wrist in the last ( P < .016) and doubleheader ( P < .016) innings, particularly for shoulder and elbow compression force during the drop ball and curveball pitch types and wrist net force for all pitch types but the changeup. Significant decreases in elbow and wrist kinetics were observed during the changeup between the last and doubleheader innings ( P < .016). Furthermore, differences in kinetics were observed between pitch types ( P < .008); notably, the changeup had reduced kinetics compared with the fastball and breaking ball pitch types (drop ball, curveball) across innings. Conclusion: Across innings, attenuations in select joint kinetics of the pitching arm occurred that were specific to the pitch type. Across pitch types, peak kinetics was often greater during the fastball, while the changeup displayed the lowest peak kinetics. Clinical Relevance: The joints examined in this study are common sites of overuse injuries in pitchers. This work adds to previous findings on decrements in neuromuscular function as well as self-reported fatigue and pain with tournament-style pitching that may increase the injury risk. Collectively, these findings support developing a protocol combining functional testing and player-reported outcomes to aid sports specialists’ decisions for pitchers to continue to pitch or return to play, which may help prevent musculoskeletal injuries and time loss from sports participation.
Electroacupuncture inhibits TLR4/NF-κB signaling in the dorsal root ganglion of rats with spared nerve injury
Authors: Xia Yangyang , Xue Meng , Sun Yalan , Wang Ying , Huang Zhihua , Huang Cheng 
Published: September 2024

Objective: Neuropathic pain can be provoked by high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) activation of toll-like receptor (TLR)4/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). Electroacupuncture (EA) has been reported to effectively alleviate neuropathic pain with few side effects, but its precise mechanism of action remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore whether 2 Hz EA stimulation suppresses TLR4/NF-κB signaling in the DRG following spared nerve injury (SNI) in a rat model. Methods: In this experiment, SNI rats were given 2 Hz EA once every other day for a total of 21 days. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured to assess SNI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity, and western blotting and immunoﬂuorescence staining were used to determine the levels of pain-related signaling molecules and pro-inflammatory mediators in the DRG. Results: SNI up-regulated HMGB1, TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor-88 adaptor protein (MyD88) and NF-κB p65 protein expression in the DRG. In addition, immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that SNI induced higher levels of TLR4 and MyD88 in the DRG. We also demonstrated co-localization of TLR4 and MyD88 with both calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and isolectin GS-IB4 in the DRG of SNI rats, respectively. Meanwhile, 2 Hz EA stimulation effectively reversed the elevations of HMGB1, TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB p65 induced by SNI in the DRG, which was coupled with amelioration of SNI-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in the DRG by 2 Hz EA might be exploited as a therapeutic option for neuropathic pain.