bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gradient metasurface covered with water-based channels for reconfigurable RCS reduction
Authors: Cheng Houyuan , Ding Fan , Yang Helin , Fu Yang , Li Shangru , Zhou Xiaofeng , Zhou Xiangli 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A gradient metasurface covered with water-based channels (GMWC) is proposed for RCS (radar cross section) reduction reconfiguration. The amplitude and phase response of the metasurface unit covered by the water-based channel (WC) is altered, which results in a change in the monostatic scattering of the GMWC. Under the normal incidence of X-polarized plane waves, the RCS reduction of GMWC shows different levels when different water channels are activated. The simulated results show that the average RCS reduction of GMWC increases from 5 dB to 20 dB in 5 dB steps in the 6 GHz to 8.2 GHz frequency band under four different reconstruction states (10000;01000;00100;00001). Besides, GMWC has an average RCS reduction of 10 dB within UWB (4–18 GHz) under state 10000. Finally, GMWC is fabricated and measured, and the measured results are in agreement with the simulated results. The RCS reduction reconfiguration characteristic of GMWC has potential application in target camouflage.
An extreme thermal cycling reliability test of ATLAS ITk Strips barrel modules
Authors: Tishelman-Charny A. , Affolder A. , Capocasa F. , Duden E. , Fadeyev V. , Gignac M. , Helling C. , Herde H. , Johnson J. , Lynn D. , Morii M. , Mitra A. , Poley L. , Sciolla G. , Stucci S. , Sharma P. , Van Nieuwenhuizen G. , Wallin E. , Wang A. , Wonsak S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
At the end of Run 3 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the
accelerator complex will be upgraded to the High-Luminosity LHC
(HL-LHC) in order to increase the total amount of data provided to
its experiments. To cope with the increased rates of data,
radiation, and pileup, the ATLAS detector will undergo a substantial
upgrade, including a replacement of the Inner Detector with a future
Inner Tracker, called the ITk. The ITk will be composed of pixel and
strip sub-detectors, where the strips portion will be composed of
17,888 silicon strip detector modules. During the HL-LHC running
period, the ITk will be cooled and warmed a number of times from
about -35°C to room temperature as part of the operational
cycle, including warm-ups during yearly shutdowns. To ensure ITk
Strips modules are functional after these expected temperature
changes, and to ensure modules are mechanically robust, each module
must undergo ten thermal cycles and pass a set of electrical and
mechanical criteria before it is placed on a local support
structure. This paper describes the thermal cycling Quality Control
(QC) procedure, and results from the barrel pre-production phase
(about 5% of the production volume). Additionally, in order to
assess the headroom of the nominal QC procedure of 10 cycles and to
ensure modules don't begin failing soon after, four representative
ITk Strips barrel modules were thermally cycled 100 times — this
study is also described.
Low-frequency noise in the Double SOI (DSOI) MOSFETs with back-gate control
Authors: Li You , Liu Fanyu , Shu Lei , Lu Bo , Li Bo , Luo Jiajun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the impact of the back-gate voltage (Vb
)
on the low-frequency (1/f) noise is evaluated for the 180 nm
double silicon-on-insulator (DSOI) NMOS, fabricated with various
thicknesses of first buried oxide (BOX1) layer (145/50 nm). Both
positive and negative Vb
increased the measured normalized
drain current power spectral density (PSD) for more than ten-fold in
DSOI standard devices with 145 nm BOX1, while the normalized PSD
decreases with Vb
going up in devices with 50 nm BOX1. By
comparing with CNF+CMF model, interface trap density and the Coulomb
scattering coefficient are extracted with the back-gate voltage
applied. The interface trap density increases in standard devices
for both positive and negative Vb
, but decreases with
increasing back-gate biasing from -10 V to 10 V in devices with
50 nm BOX1. The interface trap density shows a similar back-gate
coupling effect with threshold voltage under the influence of
different thickness of BOX1. The CNF and CMF noise variation under
back-gate voltage can be explained by the significant fluctuation in
drain current.
Detector upgrade for 222Rn concentration in high purity nitrogen measurement
Authors: Ling X. , Yan Y.J. , Zhu Z.H. , Hu T. , Zhou L. , Cai X. , Ding Y.Y. , Fang J. , Shao J.Y. , Sun L.L. , Sun X.L. , Xie Y.G. , Zhang H.D. , Yu B.X. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To ensure the low background of the Jiangmen Underground
Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) detector, high purity nitrogen (HPN) is
used as a cover gas in direct contact with the liquid scintillator,
which serves as the target material for neutrinos. The radon
concentration in this nitrogen should be less than
10 μBq/m3. Given the background of the old detector, which
is 2.20 ± 0.64 mBq/m3, combined with its enrichment
efficiency of 51.0 % at a flow rate of 25 standard liters per
minute (SLM), the effective measurement of radon concentrations
below 10 μBq/m3 in HPN is a major challenge. A highly
sensitive radon detector was upgraded to measure the radon
concentration in HPN. A low background radon detection chamber was
constructed based on the method of electrostatic collection and
electrolytic polishing of low background steel with an internal
surface roughness of ≤ 0.2 μm. The background of the radon
detection chamber was reduced to 1.47 ± 0.19 mBq/m3. An
automatic enrichment system based on 472 g low background activated
carbon was developed. The introduction of a large amount of
activated carbon has led to a significant increase in the enrichment
flow rate to 200 SLM. In addition, the enrichment efficiency of the
system simultaneously improved to 71 %. The relationship between
the collection efficiency of the detection chamber and the applied
voltage was calibrated. The result measured with this detector,
shows that the radon concentration in HPN is
2.38 ± 0.30 μBq/m3.
Introduction
Authors: Creissels Denis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The first section of this chapter consists of a brief and informal overview of the topics addressed in the book, in which only terms and notions familiar from traditional grammar and/or introductory courses in morphosyntax are used. Section 1.2 discusses the position taken by the author about some concepts generally considered basic for the analysis of clause structure and its semantic correlates, and the terms used to refer to them. Section 1.3 presents the framework within which transitivity, valency, and voice are discussed in the remainder of the book. Section 1.4 describes the structure of the book. Section 1.5 discusses the glossing principles and conventions adopted in the book. Section 1.6 is about the genetic affiliation of the languages quoted in the book.
The transitive construction
Authors: Creissels Denis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The first section of this chapter is a general introduction to variation in the coding of the core terms of the transitive construction. Section 4.2 deals with TAM/polarity-driven variation in transitive coding. Section 4.3 examines variation in transitive coding conditioned by the status of the clause. Section 4.4 discusses differential coding of A or P. Section 4.5 deals with scenario-driven transitive coding. Section 4.6 is devoted to direct/inverse marking in the transitive construction. Section 4.7 discusses transitivity marking. Section 4.8 puts forward a typological approach to the diversity in transitive coding based on the notion of A-prominent vs. P-prominent systems of transitive coding.
Non-causative A/S-nucleativization
Authors: Creissels Denis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter is devoted to non-causative A/S-nucleativization, whose recognition as a distinct type of voice is one of the original aspects of the typology of voice put forward in this book. Section 13.1 discusses definitional and terminological issues. Sections 13.2 and 13.3 are devoted to the A-nucleativization of instrumental obliques and dative obliques respectively. Section 13.4 discusses the A/S-nucleativization of concernees (more commonly designated as external possessors), a type of voice that often involves the same marking as passivization, and is consequently commonly labeled ‘adversative passive.’ Section 13.5 discusses the A-nucleativization of affected participants other than concernees. Section 13.6 analyzes situations in which the distinction between A/S-nucleativization and other types of mechanisms may be problematic.
The noncausal–causal alternation, the psych alternation, and the undirected–directed alternation
Authors: Creissels Denis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The first section of this chapter puts forward some introductory remarks on the alternations discussed in the remainder of the chapter. Section 16.2 deals with the noncausal–causal alternation in general, and also more specifically with the unaccusative–transitive alternation. Section 16.3 discusses the psych alternation defined as the relationship between verbs expressing psychological processes triggered by stimuli with the stimulus as the perspectival center, and verbs expressing the same psychological processes with the experiencer as the perspectival center. Section 16.4 deals with the undirected–directed alternation in general, and also more specifically with the unergative–transitive alternation. Section 16.5 examines the possibility that the same markers are shared by the unaccusative–transitive and unergative–transitive alternations.
Conclusion
Authors: Creissels Denis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter concludes the book by highlighting the most salient aspects of the approach to transitivity, valency, and voice developed in the previous chapters. It also mentions several aspects of transitivity and valency that would have deserved a more detailed treatment, but for which this would have necessitated more detailed data on a greater variety of languages than currently available: the possible relationships between the lexical semantics of verbs and their division into valency classes, the possible relationships between transitive–intransitive alignment in the coding properties of core NPs and alignment in their syntactic behavior (syntactic accusativity vs. ergativity), and the historical explanation of the possibility that markers involved in the coding of valency alternations may also have uses that are not related to manipulations of valency.
Arterial Properties and Ventricular–Arterial Interactions in Severe Aortic Stenosis: Impact on Prognosis
Authors: Horton Edward R , Johnson Bryce V , Vidula Mahesh , Lee Jonathan J , Kondaveeti Soumya , Magro Caroline A , Denduluri Srivinas , Segers Patrick , Herrmann Howard C , Chirinos Julio A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Systemic arterial properties contribute to clinical heterogeneity and outcomes in degenerative calcific aortic stenosis (AS). Lumped parameters of afterload have previously been associated with adverse left ventricular remodeling, mortality, and poor exercise tolerance in this population, but most studies did not assess pulsatile aortic pressure–flow relations, the gold standard method for assessing arterial load. Moreover, arterial compliance is highly dependent on nonpulsatile (mean) arterial pressure, which influences prognosis in this population.

METHODS
We retrospectively studied 135 patients with severe AS with same-day catheterization and echocardiogram. Invasive aortic pressures and echocardiographic flow waveforms were used to assess pressure–flow and pressure–volume relations using Windkessel modeling and wave separation analyses. We used Cox regression to assess the relationship between pulsatile load and time to death and heart failure hospital admission (DHFA).

RESULTS
Total arterial compliance accounting for pressure dependence was independently predictive of all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66–0.97; P = 0.023) and DHFA (HR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.50–0.97; P = 0.031) even after adjustment for age, race, gender, body mass index, and comorbidities, whereas other arterial parameters were not.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with severe AS, pressure-dependent arterial compliance predicts adverse outcomes, whereas traditional pulsatile arterial load measures do not. Our findings suggest that methods accounting for pressure load on the arterial wall are advantageous in this population in which lower mean pressure can result from severe stenosis and ventricular dysfunction.
Development and experimental validation of computational methods for human antibody affinity enhancement
Authors: Li Junxin , Liao Linbu , Zhang Chao , Huang Kaifang , Zhang Pengfei , Zhang John Z H , Wan Xiaochun , Zhang Haiping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
High affinity is crucial for the efficacy and specificity of antibody. Due to involving high-throughput screens, biological experiments for antibody affinity maturation are time-consuming and have a low success rate. Precise computational-assisted antibody design promises to accelerate this process, but there is still a lack of effective computational methods capable of pinpointing beneficial mutations within the complementarity-determining region (CDR) of antibodies. Moreover, random mutations often lead to challenges in antibody expression and immunogenicity. In this study, to enhance the affinity of a human antibody against avian influenza virus, a CDR library was constructed and evolutionary information was acquired through sequence alignment to restrict the mutation positions and types. Concurrently, a statistical potential methodology was developed based on amino acid interactions between antibodies and antigens to calculate potential affinity-enhanced antibodies, which were further subjected to molecular dynamics simulations. Subsequently, experimental validation confirmed that a point mutation enhancing 2.5-fold affinity was obtained from 10 designs, resulting in the antibody affinity of 2 nM. A predictive model for antibody–antigen interactions based on the binding interface was also developed, achieving an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.83 and a precision of 0.89 on the test set. Lastly, a novel approach involving combinations of affinity-enhancing mutations and an iterative mutation optimization scheme similar to the Monte Carlo method were proposed. This study presents computational methods that rapidly and accurately enhance antibody affinity, addressing issues related to antibody expression and immunogenicity.
Fetal hypoxia exposure induces Hif1a activation and autophagy in adult ovarian granulosa cells
Authors: Zhang Lu-Yao , Zhang Ke , Zhao Xi , Tao Hai-Ping , Jia Gong-Xue , Fang You-Gui , Hou Yun-Peng , Yang Qi-En 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Environmental hypoxia adversely impacts the reproduction of humans and animals. Previously, we showed that fetal hypoxia exposure led to granulosa cell (GC) autophagic cell death via the Foxo1/Pi3k/Akt pathway. However, the upstream regulatory mechanisms underlying GC dysfunction remain largely unexplored. Here, we tested the hypothesis that fetal hypoxia exposure altered gene expression programs in adult GCs and impaired ovarian function. We established a fetal hypoxia model in which pregnant mice were maintained in a high-plateau hypoxic environment from gestation day (E) 0–16.5 to study the impact of hypoxia exposure on the ovarian development and subsequent fertility of offspring. Compared with the unexposed control, fetal hypoxia impaired fertility by disordering ovarian function. Specifically, fetal hypoxia caused mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidant stress, and autophagy in GCs in the adult ovary. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that 437 genes were differentially expressed in the adult GCs of exposed animals. Western blotting results also revealed that fetal exposure induced high levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif1a) expression in adult GCs. We then treated granulosa cells isolated from exposed mice with PX-478, a specific pharmacological inhibitor of Hif1a, and found that autophagy and apoptosis were effectively alleviated. Finally, by using a human ovarian granulosa-like tumor cell line (KGN) to simulate hypoxia in vitro, we showed that Hif1a regulated autophagic cell death in GCs through the Pi3k/Akt pathway. Together, these findings suggest that fetal hypoxia exposure induced persistent Hif1a expression, which impaired mitochondrial function and led to autophagic cell death in the GCs of the adult ovary.
SMaRT M-Seq: an optimized step-by-step protocol for M protein sequencing in monoclonal gammopathies
Authors: Nevone Alice , Lattarulo Francesca , Russo Monica , Cascino Pasquale , Merlini Giampaolo , Palladini Giovanni , Nuvolone Mario 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In patients with monoclonal gammopathies, tumor B cells or plasma cells secrete a monoclonal antibody (M protein) that not only serves as a biomarker for tumor tracking but can also cause potentially life-threatening organ damage. This damage is driven by the patient-specific sequence of the M protein. Methods for sequencing M proteins have been limited by their high cost and time-consuming nature, and while recent approaches using next-generation sequencing or mass spectrometry offer advancements, they may require tumor cell sorting, are limited to subsets of immunoglobulin genes or patients, and/or lack extensive validation. To address these limitations, we have recently developed a novel method, termed Single Molecule Real-Time Sequencing of the M protein (SMaRT M-Seq), which combines the unbiased amplification of expressed immunoglobulin genes via inverse PCR from circularized cDNA with long-read DNA sequencing, followed by bioinformatic and immunogenetic analyses. This approach enables the unambiguous identification of full-length variable sequences of M protein genes across diverse patient cohorts, including those with low tumor burden. Our protocol has undergone technical validation and has been successfully applied to large patient cohorts with monoclonal gammopathies. Here we present the step-by-step protocol for SMaRT M-Seq. By enabling the parallel sequencing of M proteins from a large number of samples in a cost-effective and time-efficient manner, SMaRT M-Seq facilitates access to patient-specific M protein sequences, advancing personalized medicine approaches and enabling deeper mechanistic studies in monoclonal gammopathies.
Identification of patient characteristics that may improve procedure selection for the treatment of carotid stenosis
Authors: Kuehnl Andreas , Knappich Christoph , Kirchhoff Felix , Bohmann Bianca , Lohe Vanessa , Naher Shamsun , Eckstein Hans-Henning , Kallmayer Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Carotid endarterectomy and carotid artery stenting are common procedures for the treatment of carotid artery stenosis. The aim of this study was to identify factors that modify the effect between type of treatment and outcome, and could thus be used to refine the selection of treatment procedure.

Methods
All patients who underwent either carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting between 2012 and 2018 in German hospitals were included. The analysis of effect modification was focused on baseline patient characteristics. The outcome was a composite of any stroke or death until discharge from hospital. For multivariable analyses, a generalized linear mixed regression model was used.

Results
Some 221 282 patients were included, of whom 68% were male. In patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting, the risk of any stroke or death was 2.3% and 3.7% respectively. Patient age was statistically significantly associated with a higher risk of a composite outcome of any stroke or death (main effect of age: adjusted OR 1.21 (95% c.i. 1.17 to 1.26), P &lt; 0.001). The age effect was stronger in patients treated with carotid artery stenting (interaction effect: adjusted OR 1.29 (95% c.i. 1.20 to 1.38), P &lt; 0.001). Statistically significant interaction effects were identified for side of treatment, ASA grade, contralateral degree of stenosis, and the time interval between the index event and treatment.

Conclusion
This analysis shows that carotid artery stenting may be particularly disadvantageous in older patients, in patients with right-sided stenosis, and in symptomatic patients treated within the first 2 days after the index event. In patients with contralateral occlusion, carotid artery stenting appears equivalent to carotid endarterectomy.
Artificial light at night alters foraging behavior of freshwater amphipods depending on the light spectrum and the presence of predation cues
Authors: Hassan Wrya , Kobak Jarosław , Czarnecka Magdalena 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a common anthropogenic disturbance, which alters animal behavior. However, little is known about the impact of the spectral composition of ALAN and co-occurring predation risk on the behavior of aquatic organisms. We experimentally investigated how ALAN of different spectra (cool white LED and HPS light) affects the behavior and foraging of Gammarus jazdzewskii (Amphipoda) on chironomid prey, both as a single stressor and in combination with an olfactory predation cue. Gammarids exposed to ALAN in the absence of predation cues consumed less, compared with darkness, mainly due to their lower activity. Moreover, gammarids showed a stronger response to LED light, spending more time in the shelter and increasing prey handling time in this treatment. The addition of predation cues did not enhance the negative impact of ALAN on the foraging success. Gammarids maintained similar consumption levels as in the ALAN treatment without predation cues and in darkness with predation cues. However, gammarids in LED light altered their behavior in response to predation threat: they decreased prey handling time and consumed prey faster, which may have compensated for the higher food demand in stressful conditions. They also tended to exhibit risky behavior, leaving the shelter and moving towards the lit area, presumably to escape and avoid the combined effects of light and predation cues. Therefore, when assessing the effects of ALAN on organisms, light quality and co-occurring biotic factors should be considered, as predator pressure is common in natural environments.
Divergent effects of climatic factors on termite body size: alate versus worker castes
Authors: Lin Wen-Jun , Chiu Chun-I , Li Hou-Feng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Body size is an important functional trait to animals. Caste division of eusocial insects can exert a profound influence on their interactions with environment. We investigate the intra-specific variation of body size between caste within Odontotermes formosanus (Shiraki) (Blattodea: Termitidae), the most common and widely distributed termite species in Taiwan Island. By utilizing specimens from the NCHU Termite Collection and WorldClim data, we describe the body size distribution pattern of O. formosanus on two castes, worker and alate, and relationship with climatic factors is examined. The body size of workers is positively correlated with latitude and elevation. The body size of alates does not correlate with latitude but is positively correlated with elevation. Temperature factors negatively affect the body size of both castes. Precipitation has a positive effect on the body size of alates and no effect on workers. Additionally, humidity and temperature fluctuations over time have divergent effects on the body size of alates and workers. The results provide evidence of trait evolution decoupling at the intraspecific level, which may be shaped by climatic factors.