bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children's Acquisition of the English Past‐Tense: Evidence for a Single‐Route Account From Novel Verb Production Data
Authors: Blything Ryan P. , Ambridge Ben , Lieven Elena V.M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study adjudicates between two opposing accounts of morphological productivity, using English past‐tense as its test case. The single‐route model (e.g., Bybee & Moder, ) posits that both regular and irregular past‐tense forms are generated by analogy across stored exemplars in associative memory. In contrast, the dual‐route model (e.g., Prasada & Pinker, ) posits that regular inflection requires use of a formal “add ‐ed” rule that does not require analogy across regular past‐tense forms. Children (aged 3–4; 5–6; 6–7; 9–10) saw animations of an animal performing a novel action described with a novel verb (e.g., gezz; chake). Past‐tense forms of novel verbs were elicited by prompting the child to describe what the animal “did yesterday.” Collapsing across age group (since no interaction was observed), the likelihood of a verb being produced in regular past‐tense form (e.g., gezzed; chaked) was positively associated with the verb's similarity to existing regular verbs, consistent with the single‐route model only. Results indicate that children's acquisition of the English past‐tense is best explained by a single‐route analogical mechanism that does not incorporate a role for formal rules.
Importance of phosphoinositide binding by human β‐defensin 3 for Akt‐dependent cytokine induction
Authors: Phan Thanh Kha , Lay Fung T , Hulett Mark D 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHost defense peptides (HDPs) are well‐characterized for their antimicrobial activities but also variously display potent immunomodulatory effects. Human β‐defensin 3 (HBD‐3) belongs to a well‐known HDP family known as defensins and is able to induce leukocyte chemotactic recruitment, leukocyte activation/maturation, proinflammatory cytokine release, and co‐stimulatory marker expression. HBD‐3‐stimulated cytokine induction is NF‐κB‐dependent and was initially suggested to act via G protein‐coupled C‐C chemokine receptor phospholipase C (PLC) and/or Toll‐like receptor signaling. Subsequent pharmacological inhibition, however, revealed that NF‐κB activation by HBD‐3 is receptor‐independent and instead involves the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)‐protein kinase B (Akt) pathway, the mechanism of which remains undetermined. Recently, we have shown that HBD‐3 can enter mammalian cells and bind to inner membrane phosphoinositide 4,5‐bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], an important second lipid messenger of PLC and PI3K‐Akt pathways. In this study, we report that the interaction of HBD‐3 with PI(4,5)P2 is important for PI3K‐Akt‐NF‐κΒ‐mediated induction of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin‐6. These data provide insights into the mechanism of immunomodulation by HBD‐3, and more generally, highlight the complex multifaceted signaling roles of HDPs in innate defense. Furthermore, it is suggested that the proposed mode of action may be conserved in other HDPs.
The T‐cell fingerprint of MALT1 paracaspase revealed by selective inhibition
Authors: Bardet Maureen , Unterreiner Adeline , Malinverni Claire , Lafossas Frédérique , Vedrine Corinne , Boesch Danielle , Kolb Yeter , Kaiser Daniel , Glück Anton , Schneider Martin A , Katopodis Andreas , Renatus Martin , Simic Oliver , Schlapbach Achim , Quancard Jean , Régnier Catherine H , Bold Guido , Pissot‐Soldermann Carole , Carballido José M , Kovarik Jiri , Calzascia Thomas , Bornancin Frédéric 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1) is essential for immune responses triggered by antigen receptors but the contribution of its paracaspase activity is not fully understood. Here, we studied how MALT1 proteolytic function regulates T‐cell activation and fate after engagement of the T‐cell receptor pathway. We show that MLT‐827, a potent and selective MALT1 paracaspase inhibitor, does not prevent the initial phase of T‐cell activation, in contrast to the pan‐protein kinase C inhibitor AEB071. However, MLT‐827 strongly impacted cell expansion after activation. We demonstrate this is the consequence of profound inhibition of IL‐2 production as well as reduced expression of the IL‐2 receptor alpha subunit (CD25), resulting from defective canonical NF‐κB activation and accelerated mRNA turnover mechanisms. Accordingly, MLT‐827 revealed a unique transcriptional fingerprint of MALT1 protease activity, providing evidence for broad control of T‐cell signaling pathways. Altogether, this first report with a potent and selective inhibitor elucidates how MALT1 paracaspase activity integrates several T‐cell activation pathways and indirectly controls gamma‐chain receptor dependent survival, to impact on T‐cell expansion.
Heterogeneous effects of M‐CSF isoforms on the progression of MLL‐AF9 leukemia
Authors: Wang Rong , Feng Wenli , Yang Feifei , Yang Xiao , Wang Lina , Chen Chong , Hu Yuting , Ren Qian , Zheng Guoguang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMacrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) regulates both malignant cells and microenvironmental cells. Its splicing isoforms show functional heterogeneity. However, their roles on leukemia have not been well established. Here, the expression of total M‐CSF in patients with hematopoietic malignancies was analyzed. The roles of M‐CSF isoforms on the progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were studied by establishing MLL‐AF9‐induced mouse AML models with high level membrane‐bound M‐CSF (mM‐CSF) or soluble M‐CSF (sM‐CSF). Total M‐CSF was highly expressed in myeloid leukemia patients. Furthermore, mM‐CSF but not sM‐CSF prolonged the survival of leukemia mice. While sM‐CSF was more potent to promote proliferation and self‐renew, mM‐CSF was more potent to promote differentiation. Moreover, isoforms had different effects on leukemia‐associated macrophages (LAMs) though they both increase monocytes/macrophages by growth‐promoting and recruitment effects. In addition, mM‐CSF promoted specific phagocytosis of leukemia cells by LAMs. RNA‐seq analysis revealed that mM‐CSF enhanced phagocytosis‐associated genes and activated oxidative phosphorylation and metabolism pathway. These results highlight heterogeneous effects of M‐CSF isoforms on AML progression and the mechanisms of mM‐CSF, that is, intrinsically promoting AML cell differentiation and extrinsically enhancing infiltration of macrophages and phagocytosis by macrophages, which may provide potential clues for clinical diagnosis and therapy.
Does Interindustry and Intraindustry Information Help Predict Financial Distress?
Authors: Lin Hsiou‐Wei William , Wu Ruei‐Shian , Lo Huai‐Chun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study investigates whether and how the accounting ratios of peer firms within the same industry (the industry peers) or firms within the industry of their customers (the downstream peers) help improve the predictability of sample firm financial distress. We document that the Z‐score factors of the companies with high correlation in stock returns help predict financial distress. The results show that accounting‐based ratios of the industry peers and the downstream peers enhance the accuracy of early warnings of financial distress, especially when prior returns of peer firms are highly correlated with the sample firm.
Expression of CD163 in hereditary gingival fibromatosis: A possible association with TGF‐β1
Authors: Hazzaa Hala H. , Gouda Ossama M. , Kamal Naglaa M. , Ali Shereen Abdel Moula , El Shiekh Marwa A. M. , Tawfik Marwa M. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundAlthough several studies have discussed some of the molecular and cellular changes associated with hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF), its pathogenesis is still largely unclear. This study was directed to detect and outline the degree of relationship between the immunophenotyped macrophages (M2) expressing CD163 and TGF‐β1 in patients with gingival overgrowth due to HGF.MethodsBiopsies from 20 patients suffering from HGF and 20 normal control subjects were harvested, histologically and immunohistochemically stained then, analyzed and statistically compared and correlated for CD163 immunoexpression and TGF‐β1.ResultsAll HGF specimens expressed TGF‐β1 by most of the connective tissue fibroblasts, with statistically high significant mean of area % (2.61 ± 0.41) compared to normal controls (0.11 ± 0.06; P = .001). All control specimens revealed negligible CD163 immunostaining of the few inflammatory cells found with a mean area of % (0.69 ± 0.12), while the specimens of HGF cases showed statistically significant higher CD163 expression (3.39 ± 0.75) at (P = .007). A statistically significant higher mean % of M2 cells expressing CD163 in relation to the total number of the inflammatory cells was revealed in HGF (34.46 ± 2.04) compared to the control group (16.36 ± 2.39; P‐value ≤ .05). Moderate correlation between CD163 and TGF‐β1 was detected in HGF (r = .451; P‐value < .05).ConclusionsCD163 and TGF‐β1 were clearly expressed in HGF cases compared to healthy control patients, with significant correlation. In HGF, the increase in CD 163‐positive cells was specific and not dependent on the chronic gingival inflammation.
Effects of deficiency and surplus dietary threonine on reproductive performance of primiparous pregnant gilts
Authors: Shi M. , Liu T. , Li T. , Wang H. , Yuan T. , Li D. , Wang J. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryDietary threonine imbalance is known to impair reproductive performances of gestating sows, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, effects of deficiency and surplus dietary threonine during gestation on reproductive performance, serum metabolites and hormones concentration, and colostral nutrient and immunoglobulin contents of primiparous sows were investigated. Ninety primiparous pregnant gilts were assigned to one of the three dietary treatments with different standardized ileal digestible threonine/lysine ratios at 0.59, 0.72 and 0.85, which represented deficient (DT), adequate (AT) and surplus (ST) dietary threonine concentration respectively. Maternal body weight gain from day 80–110 of gestation was highest (p < .05) for gilts fed AT than for gilts fed DT or ST. On days 30 and 110, serum threonine concentration increases in a dose‐dependent manner with the increasing of dietary threonine concentration in (p < .01), serum urea nitrogen concentration was lower (p < .01) in gilts fed AT than DT or ST, and serum insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) was lowest (p < .05) for gilts fed DT. On day 110, gilts fed AT had lower serum progesterone concentration but higher concentrations of serum prolactin (p < .05) compared to DT and ST. Concentration of colostral immunoglobulin A and G from gilts fed DT was lower (p < .05) compared with gilts fed AT or ST. In conclusion, gilts with the adequate threonine intake were more able to conserve dietary amino acids to support foetal and maternal tissue gain. Deficient or ST threonine intake may induce a delay in changes in progesterone and prolactin concentrations during the prepartum period impeding the transition from pregnancy to lactation.
Daclatasvir and reduced‐dose sofosbuvir: An effective and pangenotypic treatment for hepatitis C in patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min
Authors: Goel Amit , Bhadauria Dharmendra S , Kaul Anupma , Verma Prashant , Mehrotra Mayank , Gupta Amit , Sharma Raj K , Rai Praveer , Aggarwal Rakesh 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAimSofosbuvir is a key agent for HCV treatment. It is not recommended for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 mL/min. We report real‐life experience of treating a cohort of CKD patients with eGFR <30 mL/min using daclatasvir and half‐daily dose of sofosbuvir.MethodsAdults patients who (i) had eGFR<30 mL/min and detectable HCV RNA and (ii) were treated with interferon and ribavirin free, DAA based regimens were included. All patients were treated with daily doses of daclatasvir 60 mg and sofosbuvir 200 mg. The planned duration of treatment was 12 weeks, except for 24 weeks in those with either clinical evidence of cirrhosis or on immunosuppressive drugs. The end‐points of the study were: (i) 12 weeks of follow‐up after treatment completion, (ii) treatment discontinuation, or (iii) death or loss to follow‐up.ResultsThirty‐six (88%) among 41 included patients (median [range] age: 48 [19–75] years; 25 [61%] male; genotype 1/3/4 were 17/ 22/2; cirrhosis 5) completed the treatment, two discontinued and three died during treatment. On an intention‐to‐treat basis, HCV RNA were undetectable at 4 weeks of treatment, treatment completion and after 12 weeks of follow‐up in 40/41 (97.6%), 37/41 (90.2%) and 37/41 (90.2%), respectively. None of the patients had a relapse.ConclusionsDaclatasvir and half‐daily dose of sofosbuvir was effective against genotype 1 and 3 HCV infection in patients with eGFR <30 mL/min. This combination could be a pangenotypic treatment option for such patients.
Aboveground herbivory induced jasmonates disproportionately reduce plant reproductive potential by facilitating root nematode infestation
Authors: Machado Ricardo A.R. , Arce Carla C.M. , McClure Michael A. , Baldwin Ian T. , Erb Matthias 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDifferent plant feeders, including insects and parasitic nematodes, can influence each other by triggering systemic changes in their shared host plants. In most cases, however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear, and the consequences for plant fitness are not well understood. We studied the interaction between leaf feeding Manduca sexta caterpillars and root parasitic nematodes in Nicotiana attenuata. Simulated M. sexta attack increased the abundance of root parasitic nematodes in the field and facilitated Meloidogyne incognita reproduction in the glasshouse. Intact jasmonate biosynthesis was found to be required for both effects. Flower counts revealed that the jasmonate‐dependent facilitation of nematode infestation following simulated leaf attack reduces the plant's reproductive potential to a greater degree than would be expected from the additive effects of the individual stresses. This work reveals that jasmonates mediate the interaction between a leaf herbivore and root parasitic nematodes and illustrates how plant‐mediated interactions can alter plant's reproductive potential. The selection pressure resulting from the demonstrated fitness effects is likely to influence the evolution of plant defense traits in nature.
“Post‐Truth,” “Alternative Facts” and “Fakenomics”
Authors: Keeton Gavin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSouth African companies are accused of hoarding profits to accumulate large amounts of “idle” cash, as well as of being the perpetrators of massive illegal capital flight. This paper argues that much of the claimed corporate cash is either offshore or belongs to banks. It reminds that bank deposits increase when companies borrow, not when they retain profits. It shows, too, that measures of massive capital flight actually reflect data errors. Exaggerating, through faulty methodology the extent to which companies have cash or may be involved in illegal capital flight is unhelpful. It exacerbates already‐fraught government‐business relations, and complicates the search for solutions to South Africa's economic problems.
Translating international HIV treatment guidelines into local priorities in Indonesia
Authors: Tromp Noor , Prawiranegara Rozar , Siregar Adiatma , Wisaksana Rudi , Pinxten Lucas , Pinxten Juul , Lesmana Putra Arry , Kurnia Sunjaya Deni , Jansen Maarten , Hontelez Jan , Maurits Scott , Maharani Febrina , Bijlmakers Leon , Baltussen Rob 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveInternational guidelines recommend countries to expand antiretroviral therapy (ART) to all HIV‐infected individuals and establish local‐level priorities in relation to other treatment, prevention and mitigation interventions through fair processes. However, no practical guidance is provided for such priority‐setting processes. Evidence‐informed deliberative processes (EDPs) fill this gap and combine stakeholder deliberation to incorporate relevant social values with rational decision‐making informed by evidence on these values. This study reports on the first‐time implementation and evaluation of an EDP in HIV control, organised to support the AIDS Commission in West Java province, Indonesia, in the development of its strategic plan for 2014–2018.MethodsUnder the responsibility of the provincial AIDS Commission, an EDP was implemented to select priority interventions using six steps: (i) situational analysis; (ii) formation of a multistakeholder Consultation Panel; (iii) selection of criteria; (iv) identification and assessment of interventions’ performance; (v) deliberation; and (vi) selection of funding and implementing institutions. An independent researcher conducted in‐depth interviews (n = 21) with panel members to evaluate the process.ResultsThe Consultation Panel included 23 stakeholders. They identified 50 interventions and these were evaluated against four criteria: impact on the epidemic, stigma reduction, cost‐effectiveness and universal coverage. After a deliberative discussion, the Consultation Panel prioritised a combination of several treatment, prevention and mitigation interventions.ConclusionThe EDP improved both stakeholder involvement and the evidence base for the strategic planning process. EDPs fill an important gap which international guidelines and current tools for strategic planning in HIV control leave unaddressed.
GM‐CSF ameliorates microvascular barrier integrity via pericyte‐derived Ang‐1 in wound healing
Authors: Yan Min , Hu Yange , Yao Min , Bao Shisan , Fang Yong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSkin wound healing involves complex coordinated interactions of cells, tissues, and mediators. Maintaining microvascular barrier integrity is one of the key events for endothelial homeostasis during wound healing. Vasodilation is observed after vasoconstriction, which causes blood vessels to become porous, facilitates leukocyte infiltration and aids angiogenesis at the wound‐area, postinjury. Eventually, vessel integrity has to be reestablished for vascular maturation. Numerous studies have found that granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) accelerates wound healing by inducing recruitment of repair cells into the injury area and releases of cytokines. However, whether GM‐CSF is involving in the maintaining of microvascular barrier integrity and the underlying mechanism remain still unclear. Aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GM‐CSF on modulation of microvascular permeability in wound healing and underlying mechanisms. Wound closure and microvascular leakage was investigated using a full‐thickness skin wound mouse model after GM‐CSF intervention. The endothelial permeability was measured by Evans blue assay in vivo and in vitro endothelium/pericyte co‐culture system using a FITC‐Dextran permeability assay. To identify the source of angiopoietin‐1 (Ang‐1), double staining is used in vivo and ELISA and qPCR are used in vitro. To determine the specific effect of Ang‐1 on GM‐CSF maintaining microvascular stabilization, Ang‐1 siRNA was applied to inhibit Ang‐1 production in vivo and in vitro. Wound closure was significantly accelerated and microvascular leakage was ameliorated after GM‐CSF treatment in mouse wound sites. GM‐CSF decreased endothelial permeability through tightening endothelial junctions and increased Ang‐1 protein level that was derived by perictye. Furthermore, applications of siRNAAng‐1 inhibited GM‐CSF mediated protection of microvascular barrier integrity both in vivo and in vitro. Our data indicate that GM‐CSF ameliorates microvascular barrier integrity via pericyte‐derived Ang‐1 during wound healing.
A Before-and-After Study of the Effectiveness of an Antimicrobial Stewardship Program in Critical Care
Authors: Álvarez-Lerma Francisco , Grau Santiago , Echeverría-Esnal Daniel , Martínez-Alonso Montserrat , Gracia-Arnillas María Pilar , Horcajada Juan Pablo , Masclans Juan Ramón 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

We evaluated the use of antimicrobials expressed as defined daily doses (DDDs) per 1,000 patient days and days of therapy (DOT) per 100 occupied bed-days in a intensive care unit (ICU) of a general hospital in Barcelona, Spain, before and after implementation of an antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) program (2007 to 2010 versus 2011 to 2015). The quarterly costs of antimicrobials used in the ICU and its weight in the overall hospital costs of antimicrobials were calculated. The effect of the applied AMS program on DDDs and DOT time series data was analyzed by means of intervention time series analysis. A total of 5,002 patients were included (1,971 for the first [before] period and 3,031 for the second [after] period). The percentage of patients treated with one or more antimicrobials decreased from 88.6 to 77.2% (
P
< 0.001). DDDs decreased from 246.8 to 192.3 (mean difference, −54.5;
P
= 0.001) and DOT from 66.7 to 54.6 (mean difference, −12.1;
P
= 0.066). The mean cost per trimester decreased from €115,543 to €73,477 (mean difference, −42,065.4 euros;
P
< 0.001), and the percentage of ICU antimicrobials cost with respect to the total cost of hospital antimicrobials decreased from 28.5 to 22.8% (mean difference, −5.59;
P
= 0.023). Implementation of an AMS program in the ICU was associated with a marked reduction in the use of antimicrobials, with cost savings close to one million euros since its implementation. An AMS program can have a significant impact on optimizing antimicrobial use in critical care practice.
The ‘Buntsandstein’ gas play of the Horn Graben (German and Danish offshore): dry well analysis and remaining hydrocarbon potential
Authors: Kilhams Ben , Stevanovic Snezana , Nicolai Carlo 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
An analysis of the Lower Triassic ‘Buntsandstein’ gas play in the underexplored Mesozoic rift system of the German–Danish Horn Graben is presented. Dry hole information from four well penetrations is analysed alongside the development of a 3D basin model. It is demonstrated that the dry holes do not preclude the existence of a working hydrocarbon system. Reservoir and seal elements are present, although details of quality and distribution are uncertain. Carboniferous coal preservation is likely, in a limited area, within the graben and can be constrained through seismic mapping. Vertical gas migration through the Zechstein interval is considered likely due to a large thickness variability (driven by halokinesis and facies changes). The overlap of peak gas-expulsion timing and halokinetic movements make rollover/turtle-back traps risky in terms of breaching or underfill. Dry wells in Denmark are explained by a combination of this relative timing and uncertainty over longer distance migration. This play analysis demonstrates a general agreement with previously published 1D basin models with respect to gas-expulsion timing. However, in contrast to published examples, it is shown that the Zechstein interval can allow for vertical gas migration. Considerable uncertainty in parameters, such as depth conversion, amount of erosion and migration paths, are recognized. Exploration opportunities remain, albeit relatively high risk, in the German area of the graben both in the ‘Buntsandstein’ play and at other stratigraphic levels.