bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PECULIARIDADES DA ‘METADE SUL’ GAÚCHA E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A GEOCONSERVAÇÃO, O GEOTURISMO E OS GEOPARQUES
Authors: Borba André Weissheimer de , Figueiró Adriano Severo , Garcia Taís da Silva , Domingues Silvio Ávila , Souza Luiz Paulo Martins e 
Published: January 2016

A ‘metade sul’ gaúcha possui um patrimônio geológico singular: (a) lagoas, praias e dunas do litoral; (b) paisagens graníticas dasserras do Herval e Canguçu, raízes de antiga cadeia montanhosa; (c) Caçapava do Sul, incomparável sala de aula ao ar livre para o ensino degeociências; (d) cerros tabulares e areais que testemunham a superposição de desertos; e (e) o Cerro do Jarau, cratera de meteoro ecenário de lendas gaúchas. Por outro lado, a região apresenta deficiências profundas na educação, sua infraestrutura turística é precária, eseus atributos naturais estão desprotegidos e vulneráveis frente a empreendimentos danosos. As geociências, nessa nova tendência debusca da sustentabilidade e retorno socioambiental, precisam divulgar a importância e a necessidade de proteção desse geopatrimônioinsubstituível. Para que, no futuro, se possa pensar em ‘geoparques’, os geocientistas devem imediatamente focalizar ações efetivas degeoconservação na região: (1) apontar geossítios importantes, a serem protegidos por UC, figuras legais imprescindíveis à qualidadeambiental da região; (2) qualificar professores da educação básica em tópicos de geociências, estimulando o uso de exemplos locais emsuas aulas; e (3) participar na montagem de roteiros geoturísticos interessantes, recheados de cultura e conhecimento.Palavras-chave: patrimônio geológico, geoconservação, ‘metade sul’, Rio Grande do Sul. ABSTRACT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 'SOUTHERN HALF' OF THE RIO GRANDE DO SUL STATE AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FORGEOCONSERVATION, GEOTOURISM, AND GEOPARKS. The so-called ‘southern half’ of the Rio Grande do Sul State possesses a singulargeological heritage: (a) beaches, lagoons, and dune fields at the coast; (b) granitic landscapes of Herval and Canguçu, roots of an ancientmountain range; (c) the Caçapava do Sul region, unmatched open-air classroom for geosciences teaching; (d) table hills and sand fields thatrecord the superposition of deserts; and (e) the Jarau hill, meteor crater and scenario of traditional gaucho tales. On the other hand, theregion displays profound deficiencies in basic education, weak tourist structure, and nature monuments threatened by potentiallydamaging enterprises. Geosciences, in the current trend of seeking sustainability and social-environmental feedback, must divulge theimportance and the protection need of this irreplaceable geoheritage. In order to consider, in the future, eventual bids for the ‘geopark’certification, geoscientists should immediately focus on effective geoconservation initiatives for the region: (1) recommending geositessuitable for legal protection; (2) qualifying basic education teachers in geology-related topics, stimulating the use of local examples in theclasses; and (3) participating in the design of interesting, knowledge-based tourist programs.Keywords: geological heritage, geoconservation, ‘southern half’, Rio Grande do Sul State.
Desempenho de genótipos alagoanos de milho em diferentes densidades de semeadura
Authors: Silva J. P. , Ferreira P. V. , Carvalho I. D. E. , Oliveira F. S. 
Published: January 2016

<p>O trabalho foi conduzido na Área Experimental do Setor de Melhoramento Genético de Plantas do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (SMGP-CECA-UFAL), objetivando-se avaliar o desempenho de genótipos de milho em diferentes densidades de semeadura. Foram avaliados quatro genótipos de milho, sendo três desenvolvidos pelo SMGP-CECA-UFAL e um desenvolvido pela EMBRAPA, em três densidades de semeadura: 50.000, 62.500 e 83.333 plantas.ha<sup>-1</sup> . Foi usado o delineamento em blocos casualizados com três repetições. As variáveis avaliadas foram: Diâmetro do Colmo (DC), Altura de Inserção de Primeira Espiga (AIPE), Altura de Planta (AP), Porcentagem de Prolificidade (PROL), Porcentagem de Plantas Acamadas (PPA), Comprimento de Espiga (CE), Diâmetro de Espiga (DE), Número de Fileiras de Grãos (NFG), Peso de Cem Grãos (PCG), Rendimento de Espigas com Palha (REP) e Rendimento de Grãos (RG). Não houve diferença significativa entre os genótipos avaliados para as seguintes variáveis: DC, PPA, CE, DE, PCG, REP e RG. Os genótipos desenvolvidos pelo SMGP-CECA-UFAL apresentaram um excelente desempenho para todas as variáveis estudadas, especialmente no rendimento de grãos, com uma produtividade média de 6.379,00 kg.ha<sup>-1. A densidade de semeadura de 83.333 plantas por hectare promoveu um maior rendimento de grãos com 7.888,96 kg.ha-1</sup>. </p><p align="center"><strong><em>Performance of alagoanos genotypes of maize in different planting densities</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The work was conducted in the Experimental area of the Setor de Melhoramento Genético de Plantas do Centro de Ciências Agrárias da Universidade Federal de Alagoas (SMGP-CECA-UFAL), aiming to evaluate the performance of genotypes of maize in different planting densities. Four corn genotypes were evaluated, being three developed by SMGP-CECA-UFAL and one developed by EMBRAPA, in three seeding densities: 50,000, 62,500 and 83,333. plants ha-<sup>1</sup>. Experimental design was used in randomized blocks with three replications. The variables evaluated were: Culm Diameter (DC), Time of First insertion Cob (AIPE), plant height (AP), percentage of Prolificacy (FAVOUR), percentage of Plants Jumble (PPA), Tang (EC) Length, diameter of the cob (DE), number of grain Rows (NFG), weight of 100 grains (PCG), yield of Spikes with straw (REP) and grain Yield (RG). There was no significant difference between the genotypes evaluated for the following variables: DC, PPA, CE, DE, PCG, REP and RG. The genotypes developed by SMGP-CECA-UFAL presented an outstanding performance for all variables studied, especially in grain yield, with an average productivity of 6,379 .00 kg.ha<sup>-1</sup>. The sowing density of plants per hectare 83,333 promoted a greater yield of grain with 7,888.96 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>.</p>
Starworld: Preparing Accountants For The Future: A Case-Based Approach To Teach International Financial Reporting Standards Using ERP Software
Authors: Ragan Joseph M. , Savino Christopher J. , Parashac Paul , Hosler Jonathan C. 
Published: January 2016

International Financial Reporting Standards now constitute an important part of educating young professional accountants. This paper looks at a case based process to teach International Financial Reporting Standards using integrated Enterprise Resource Planning software. The case contained within the paper can be used within a variety of courses to teach International Financial Reporting Standards within an ethical framework. This case does not require access to a live SAP ECC 6.0 server. Students desiring a real time technical experience can either use a live system or utilize the practice capability within this case. The product demonstrated uses the current version of SAP ECC 6.0.
Disaster Management Response Guidelines for Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery
Authors: Born Christopher , Mamczak Christiaan , Pagenkopf Eric , McAndrew Mark , Richardson Mark , Teague David , Wolinsky Philip , Monchik Keith 
Published: January 2016

➢ Complacency and lack of preparation are major barriers to an effective disaster response.➢ Leadership assignments and departmental organization for a response should be outlined in advance.➢ Response rehearsal and after-action reviews allow for thoughtful change to a response plan.➢ Hospital disaster alert notification systems should be standardized and should be understood.➢ Communication systems used in a disaster should have redundancy.➢ A department’s response plan must be integrated into the overall hospital plan.➢ Large casualty volumes require appropriate triage and resource allocation.➢ Response provider emotional and health support is an important consideration.
On the Neumann Problem for Monge-Ampére Type Equations
Authors: Jiang Feida , Trudinger Neil S. , Ni Xiang  
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we study the global regularity for regular Monge-Ampère type equations associated with semilinear Neumann boundary conditions. By establishing a priori estimates for second order derivatives, the classical solvability of the Neumann boundary value problem is proved under natural conditions. The techniques build upon the delicate and intricate treatment of the standard Monge-Ampère case by Lions, Trudinger, and Urbas in 1986 and the recent barrier constructions and second derivative bounds by Jiang, Trudinger, and Yang for the Dirichlet problem. We also consider more general oblique boundary value problems in the strictly regular case.
The Relationship Between ϵ-Kronecker Sets and Sidon Sets
Authors: Hare Kathryn , Ramsey L. Thomas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA subset E of a discrete abelian group is called ϵ-Kronecker if all E-functions of modulus one can be approximated to within ϵ by characters. E is called a Sidon set if all bounded E-functions can be interpolated by the Fourier transform of measures on the dual group. As ϵ-Kronecker sets with ϵ < 2 possess the same arithmetic properties as Sidon sets, it is natural to ask if they are Sidon. We use the Pisier net characterization of Sidonicity to prove this is true.
An analysis of the sources of competition disipline in the European Union and in Albania
Authors: Katro Eriona , Zhezha Vaeld 
Published: January 2016

Competition discipline in the European Union is a substantial component of the EU’s institutional framework. The Lisbon Treaty made the “internal market” a shared competence, while necessary competition rules for the internal market are an exclusive competence of the Union. This paper aims to analyse the sources of the competition discipline in the EU and in Albania focusing more on constitutional sources. From this analyses will emerge that sources of competition discipline are numerous and each of them plays an important role in the development of the competition policy. But arises the question if these sources are all equally important or not? This paper will focus also n the importance of each source in both levels: European Union and Albanian discipline of competition.
Diffusion of hydroxyl groups in silica glass through the binding interface
Authors: Sato Naoya , Yamamoto Takaki , Kuzuu Nobu , Horikoshi Hideharu , Niwa Shohei 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Diffusion of hydroxyl groups in silica glass through an interface formed by binding between high-hydroxyl (ca. 1200 wt.ppm) and low-hydroxyl (ca. 130 wt.ppm)-containing silica glasses in the temperature range of 900–1150 °C was investigated. Although the theoretical curve with a hydroxyl-concentration-independent diffusion coefficient deviates from the experimental curve, the diffusion coefficients obtained by fitting to the experimental results by the least squares method coincided with the “effective diffusion coefficients” in the literature, which were obtained from the total absorption change in the IR absorption peak for the hydroxyl group using thin samples. By the analysis considering the hydroxyl concentration dependence of the diffusion coefficient, we showed that the diffusion coefficient is proportional to hydroxyl concentration at each temperature, which is consistent with the model of the diffusion: SiOSi + H2O = 2SiOH. On the basis of this scheme, we tried to evaluate the diffusion coefficients of molecular water using equilibrium constant in the literature.
In Silico Functional Annotation of Genomic Variation
Authors: Butkiewicz Mariusz , Bush William S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis unit describes the concepts and practical techniques for annotating genomic variants in the human genome to estimate their functional significance. With the rapid increase of available whole exome and whole genome sequencing information for human studies, annotation techniques have become progressively more important for highlighting and prioritizing nucleotide variants and their potential impact on genes and other genetic constructs. Here, we present an overview of different types of variant annotation approaches and elaborate on their foundations, assumptions, and the downstream consequences of their use. Computational approaches and tools to assign annotations and to identify variants are reviewed. Further, the general philosophy of assigning potential function to a genetic change within the biological context of a disease is discussed. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Overview of Molecular Diagnostic Approaches
Authors: Prior Thomas W. , Nagan Narasimhan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease and the most common genetic cause of infant mortality, affecting ∼1 in 10,000 live births. The disease is characterized by progressive symmetrical muscle weakness resulting from the degeneration and loss of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord and brain stem nuclei. The disease is classified on the basis of age of onset and clinical course. SMA is caused by mutations in the telomeric copy of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, but all patients retain a centromeric copy of the gene, SMN2. The homozygous absence of the SMN1 exon 7 has been observed in the majority of patients and is being utilized as a reliable and sensitive SMA diagnostic test. In the majority of cases, the disease severity correlates inversely with an increased SMN2 gene copy number. Carrier detection, in the deletion cases, relies on the accurate determination of the SMN1 gene copies. Since SMA is one of the most common lethal genetic disorders, with a carrier frequency of 1 in 40 to 1 in 60, direct carrier dosage testing has been beneficial to many families. This unit attempts to highlight the molecular genetics of SMA with a focus on the advantages and limitations of the current molecular technologies. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Molecular Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Deignan Joshua L. , Grody Wayne W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis unit describes a recommended approach to identifying causal genetic variants in an individual suspected of having cystic fibrosis. An introduction to the genetics and clinical presentation of cystic fibrosis is initially presented, followed by a description of the two main strategies used in the molecular diagnosis of cystic fibrosis: (1) an initial targeted variant panel used to detect only the most common cystic fibrosis‐causing variants in the CFTR gene, and (2) sequencing of the entire coding region of the CFTR gene to detect additional rare causal CFTR variants. Finally, the unit concludes with a discussion regarding the analytic and clinical validity of these approaches. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
GONAD: A Novel CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Method that Does Not Require Ex Vivo Handling of Embryos
Authors: Gurumurthy Channabasavaiah B. , Takahashi Gou , Wada Kenta , Miura Hiromi , Sato Masahiro , Ohtsuka Masato 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTransgenic technologies used for creating a desired genomic change in animals involve three critical steps: isolation of fertilized eggs, microinjection of transgenic DNA into them and their subsequent transfer to recipient females. These ex vivo steps have been widely used for over 3 decades and they were also readily adapted for the latest genome editing technologies such as ZFNs, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas9 systems. We recently developed a method called GONAD (Genome editing via Oviductal Nucleic Acids Delivery) that does not require all the three critical steps of transgenesis and therefore relieves the bottlenecks of widely used animal transgenic technologies. Here we provide protocols for the GONAD system. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Magnetic properties of sediments of the Red River: Effect of sorting on the source‐to‐sink pathway and its implications for environmental reconstruction
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thu Hien , Zhang Weiguo , Li Zhen , Li Jie , Ge Can , Liu Jinyan , Bai Xuexin , Feng Huan , Yu Lizhong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe conducted a mineral magnetic study of river bank and subaqueous delta sediments from the Red River, in order to examine the role of sedimentary sorting on the variation of sedimentary magnetic properties from source to sink. The magnetic mineralogy mainly consists of magnetite and hematite. Bulk sediment particle‐size variations have a strong influence on magnetic properties, with the frequently used magnetic parameters χfd%, χARM, χARM/χ, and χARM/SIRM exhibiting positive correlations with the <4 µm fraction, while S‐ratios are negatively correlated with this fraction. Compared with river bank sediments and shallow shoreface (<5 m water depth) sediments, sediments from the deeper (>5 m water depth) part of the subaqueous delta have lower χ and SIRM values, a finer ferrimagnetic grain‐size and higher proportions of hematite, consistent with selective loss of coarse ferrimagnetic grains on the source‐to‐sink pathway. We suggest that variations in magnetic properties in response to particle‐size compositions and therefore depositional environment changes should be carefully addressed when magnetic proxies such as χARM/SIRM are used in the study of coastal and marine environmental changes (e.g., sea‐level change). In such cases, the combined use of magnetic properties and geochemical indicators, such as Al/Ti ratio, may provide better results for paleoenvironmental reconstruction.
Combining AIRS and MLS observations for three‐dimensional gravity wave measurement
Authors: Wright Corwin J. , Hindley Neil P. , Mitchell Nicholas J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGravity waves play a critical role in transporting energy and momentum between the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere. Satellite measurements provide a powerful tool to investigate these waves across the globe. However, many present methods cannot yield reliable estimates of wave momentum fluxes or the directions of these fluxes. Here we present a new method which addresses this problem by combining observations from Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) in three dimensions. The method allows direct estimation of horizontal and vertical wavelengths as well as wave amplitude. This in turn allows estimation of both wave momentum flux and the full 3‐D direction of propagation, crucially including the horizontal direction. The method thus allows separation of the data into, for example, eastward and westward momentum fluxes, allowing estimation of the net atmospheric forcing due to these waves. We illustrate this method with a proof‐of‐concept study over the Andes, arguably the largest source of gravity waves in the world. We further critically assess the advantages and disadvantages of our method. Our study highlights the importance of the difference between net and absolute measures of momentum flux.
The response of the equatorial ionosphere to fast stream solar coronal holes during 2008 deep solar minimum over Indian region
Authors: Sripathi S. , Singh Ram , Banola S. , Singh Dupinder , Sathish S. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we report ionospheric response to fast stream solar coronal holes during 2008 deep solar minimum year using ground‐based multi‐instruments over Indian region. To examine this, we analyzed foF2 (MHz) and hpF2(km) from Canadian Advanced Digital Ionosonde and total electron content (TEC) from GPS receiver over Tirunelveli (8.73°N, 77.70°E; dip 0.5°N) along with equatorial electrojet (EEJ) strength. Our analysis shows good correlation between solar wind and foF2/TEC, while hpF2 is poorly correlated. However, moderate correlation exists between solar wind and EEJ strength. When we performed periodogram analysis, we observed 9 and 13 day periods as dominant periods in foF2 and TEC. Interestingly, the occurrence pattern of plasma irregularities also resembles these periodic oscillations. Since it is believed that lower atmospheric waves are dominant forces for ionospheric variabilities during deep solar minimum, we examined the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region temperature using Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry and winds using medium frequency radar along with outgoing longwave radiation in the troposphere altitudes to rule out the sources for these periodic oscillations in the lower atmosphere. Using cross‐wavelet and cross‐coherence spectra of both solar wind and ionospheric/atmospheric parameters, we suggest that ionospheric periodicities are similar to that of solar wind. Based on these results, we suggest that while the periodic oscillations are associated with the disturbance dynamo winds/electric fields that are propagated to equatorial latitudes, the differences in their temporal/seasonal variations are attributed to the variations in the composition/recombination changes.
Using orbital tethers to remediate geomagnetic radiation belts
Authors: Hudoba de Badyn Mathias , Marchand Richard , Sydora Richard D. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Van Allen radiation belts pose a hazard to spacecraft and astronauts, and similar radiation belts around other planets pose a hazard to interplanetary probes. We discuss a method of remediating these radiation belts first proposed by Danilov and Vasilyev, and recently improved by Hoyt, Minor, and Cash, where a long, charged tether is placed in orbit inside a radiation belt. In this approach, an electric field of the tether scatters the belt particles into a pitch angle loss cone leading to absorption of the particles in the atmosphere. A test particle calculation is presented which computes the scattered pitch angle of belt particles as a function of initial pitch angle and gyrophase for different particle energies. The moments of the resulting distribution of scattered angle versus initial pitch angle are used to compute the number density of the belt as a function of time using a Fokker‐Planck diffusion approximation. Finally, we use the characteristic timescales of scattering for particles of different energies to discuss the feasibility of using such a system of tethers as a long and short‐term remediation solution.