bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of a custom screw insertion guide and a full-scale, color-coded 3D plaster model for guiding safe surgical exposure and screw insertion during spine revision surgery
Authors: Otsuki Bungo , Takemoto Mitsuru , Fujibayashi Shunsuke , Kimura Hiroaki , Masamoto Kazutaka , Matsuda Shuichi 
Published: March 2016

Several articles have described the use of screw insertion guides during primary spine surgery; however, the use of such a guide during revision surgeries has not been described. The purpose of this study is to describe the utility of a custom screw insertion (CSI) guide assembled using a novel method and a full-scale, color-coded 3D plaster (FCTP) model for safe and accurate revision surgery.
The authors applied the CSI guide and the FCTP model in 3 cases. In the first case, a patient with multiple failed cervical spine surgeries underwent occipitocervicothoracic fusion. After a successful result for this patient, the authors applied the CSI guide in 2 other patients who underwent revision lumbar fusion surgeries to confirm the accuracy and the efficacy of the CSI guides in such cases. The models and guides were fabricated using rapid prototyping technology. The effectiveness of these methods was examined.
The FCTP model was designed using CT data. During model assembly, implants inserted during previous surgery were removed virtually, and for the cervical spine, vertebral arteries were colored red for planning. The CSI guide was designed with 5 or 6 arms to fit the bone surface precisely after removing artifacts. Surgery was performed by referring to the FCTP model. Because the actual structure of the bone surface was almost identical to that of the FCTP model, surgical exposure around the complex bone shape proceeded smoothly. The CSI guides were positioned accurately to aid the successful insertion of a pedicle screw into the C-2 vertebra in the case of cervical revision surgery, and 4 pedicle screws for lumbar vertebrae in the 2 other patients. Postoperative CT scans showed that all screw positions closely matched those predicted during the preoperative planning. In conclusion, the FCTP models and the novel CSI guides were effective for safe and accurate revision surgery of the spine.
Determination of eight lignans in Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera
Authors: Guangyu Xu , Jiamu Niu , Guangxin Yuan , Yu Bai , Hongyu Li , Yu Sheng , Zitong Li 
Published: March 2016

A high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of eight lignans contents in Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera was developed. The chromatographic column was Agilent ZORBAX 300SB-C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm?5 ?m). The mobile phase was methanol-water, a gradient elution was conducted and the detection wavelength was at 230 nm. The results showed that the recovery rate of eight lignans was 92.2-102.9% and RSD was 1.5-4.2%. The established content determination method was simple, sensitive, accurate and stable, and can be used to control the quality of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera.
Cement plug technique for the management of disc-associated cervical spondylopathy in 52 Dobermann Pinscher dogs
Authors: Pink Jonathan , Gemmill Toby , McKee Malcolm 
Published: March 2016

SummaryObjectives: To report the radiographic and clinical outcome of an intervertebral bone cement plug technique for the management of disc-associated cervical spondylopathy in Dobermann Pinscher dogs.Methods: Retrospective study of 52 Dobermann Pinscher dogs.Results: A variable degree of cement plug subsidence with loss of vertebral distraction was evident in all dogs (n = 40) that were radiographed >6 weeks postoperatively. In no case was there definitive evidence of vertebral body fusion. Eight dogs had a sudden deterioration in neurological status, cervical hyperaesthesia, or both between three days and 12 weeks following surgery that was considered to be implant-associated; six of these dogs were euthanatized. Following surgery, 43/52 dogs were considered to be neurologically normal or to have improved, however, nine of 43 subsequently deteriorated due to adjacent segment disease. At the long-term follow-up, 34 dogs were considered to be neurologically normal or to have improved. Twenty-nine dogs were dead by the end of the study period.Clinical significance: Intervertebral bone cement plug surgery results in an initial improvement in clinical signs in the majority of Dobermann Pinschers with disc-associated cervical spondylopathy. However, it fails to maintain vertebral distraction or achieve vertebral body fusion, and is associated with acute implant complications, additional cervical disc protrusions or mortality in a significant proportion of cases.Online Supplementary Material: Please note that online supplementary material for this paper is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-15-09-0160.
Community organizing , pansement aux politiques néolibérales ou révolution lente ?
Authors: Balazard Hélène , Fisher Robert 
Published: March 2016

Au Royaume-Uni, le programme conservateur de la Big Society mis en place par le précédent gouvernement Cameron (2010-2015) et Citizens UK , une community organization suivant le modèle initié par Alinsky, ont en commun une rhétorique de responsabilisation des « communautés » ( communities ). Les citoyens doivent être capables de s’« organiser » pour résoudre les problèmes rencontrés. Cette rhétorique est ambivalente et ces deux démarches peuvent tout autant être interprétées comme un pansement accompagnant les politiques néolibérales que comme un pas vers l’émancipation des classes populaires.
Decline of the Endangered Morro Bay Kangaroo Rat in California
Authors: Kofron Christopher P. , Villablanca Francis X. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Morro Bay kangaroo rat Dipodomys heermanni morroensis occurs in the vicinity of Morro Bay (specifically in and near Los Osos) in western San Luis Obispo County in coastal central California. It was listed as endangered pursuant to the U.S. Endangered Species Conservation Act in 1970 and subsequently the U.S. Endangered Species Act in 1973. Field research from the late 1950s to the mid-1980s has documented a rapid population decline. Despite many efforts, researchers have not captured the Morro Bay kangaroo rat since 1986, and the last captive individual died in 1993. We review the biology and conservation status of the Morro Bay kangaroo rat, including taxonomy and genetics, soil type and burrows, history of decline, primary causes of decline, breeding in the wild and in captivity, habitat restoration, and threats. In particular, there are two primary causes of decline. First, development (urban, agricultural, and industrial) has resulted in direct loss of habitat. Second, in the absence of fire, the early seral stages of coastal dune scrub (optimal habitat) have matured to later successional stages of vegetation, which are denser and with substantially fewer annual food plants, and which negatively impact the locomotion of kangaroo rats and change the diversity of the small mammal community with a likely increase in competition. In 2016 only pockets of habitat remain, with optimal habitat comprising an estimated 1% of the historical geographic range. Although researchers have not demonstrated predation by domestic cats, it is likely a major threat and we suspect it has contributed to the decline based upon a review of the literature. In 2011 we observed potential signs of the Morro Bay kangaroo rat at two historical areas, which suggests it may be persisting at extremely low densities in a few isolated colonies. In addition, we could not obtain permission to survey on four private properties with potential habitat. In consideration of the vast loss and fragmentation of its habitat, along with the continuing and pervasive threats, the Morro Bay kangaroo rat is clearly conservation-reliant. We believe that without urgent human intervention, the Morro Bay kangaroo rat will soon become extinct if it is not already.
Population dynamics and epidemiology of four species ofDendroctonus(Coleoptera: Curculionidae): 100 years since J.M. Swaine
Authors: Aukema Brian H. , McKee Fraser R. , Wytrykush Debra L. , Carroll Allan L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlmost 100 years have passed since J.M. Swaine, the assistant entomologist in charge of Forest Insect Investigations, wrote, “Canadian bark-beetles: a preliminary classification, with an account of the habits and means of control”. The goal was to “put into the hands of practical foresters information of inestimable practical value… to prevent the continued loss of timber now being destroyed” by “the most insidious enemies of the forest”. In this paper, we celebrate Swaine’s pioneering work by summarising the foundational aspects of his early treatise of 1918: the “general habits” of bark beetles, classifications of their behaviour, causes of population increase, and mitigation tactics. In the founding text, Swaine identified all majorDendroctonusErichson (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) bark beetles found in Canada, although details on life histories were scarce. We summarise current knowledge of the life histories and population dynamics of the spruce beetle,D.rufipennisKirby; the Douglas-fir beetle,D. pseudotsugaeHopkins; the eastern larch beetle,D. simplex; and address the current range expansion of mountain pine beetle,D. ponderosaeHopkins. We review how aspects of global change, such as invasive species, have altered the population dynamics of certain bark beetles. Finally, we conclude with lessons from two of the many past contributors to bark beetle ecology in Canada, J.M. Swaine and H.A. Richmond.
Time since death and decay rate constants of Norway spruce and European larch deadwood in subalpine forests determined using dendrochronology and radiocarbon dating
Authors: Petrillo Marta , Cherubini Paolo , Fravolini Giulia , Marchetti Marco , Ascher-Jenull Judith , Schärer Michael , Synal Hans-Arno , Bertoldi Daniela , Camin Federica , Larcher Roberto , Egli Markus 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Due to the large size (e.g. sections of tree trunks) and highly heterogeneous spatial distribution of deadwood, the timescales involved in the coarse woody debris (CWD) decay of Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Larix decidua Mill. in Alpine forests are largely unknown. We investigated the CWD decay dynamics in an Alpine valley in Italy using the chronosequence approach and the five-decay class system that is based on a macromorphological assessment. For the decay classes 1–3, most of the dendrochronological samples were cross-dated to assess the time that had elapsed since tree death, but for decay classes 4 and 5 (poorly preserved tree rings) radiocarbon dating was used. In addition, density, cellulose, and lignin data were measured for the dated CWD. The decay rate constants for spruce and larch were estimated on the basis of the density loss using a single negative exponential model, a regression approach, and the stage-based matrix model. In the decay classes 1–3, the ages of the CWD were similar and varied between 1 and 54 years for spruce and 3 and 40 years for larch, with no significant differences between the classes; classes 1–3 are therefore not indicative of deadwood age. This seems to be due to a time lag between the death of a standing tree and its contact with the soil. We found distinct tree-species-specific differences in decay classes 4 and 5, with larch CWD reaching an average age of 210 years in class 5 and spruce only 77 years. The mean CWD rate constants were estimated to be in the range 0.018 to 0.022 y−1 for spruce and to about 0.012 y−1 for larch. Snapshot sampling (chronosequences) may overestimate the age and mean residence time of CWD. No sampling bias was, however, detectable using the stage-based matrix model. Cellulose and lignin time trends could be derived on the basis of the ages of the CWD. The half-lives for cellulose were 21 years for spruce and 50 years for larch. The half-life of lignin is considerably higher and may be more than 100 years in larch CWD. Consequently, the decay of Picea abies and Larix decidua is very low. Several uncertainties, however, remain: 14C dating of CWD from decay classes 4 and 5 and having a pre-bomb age is often difficult (large age range due to methodological constraints) and fall rates of both European larch and Norway spruce are missing.
Metanephric Adenoma of the Kidney: Study of Eight Patients and Review of the Literature
Authors: Saraceni Giacomo , Mengoni Francesco , Brunocilla Eugenio , Corti Barbara , Severini Giuseppe , Martorana Giuseppe 
Published: March 2016

Background Metanephric adenoma is a rare benign tumor of the kidney polycythemia is associated and it might be possible to suspect the diagnosis of this neoplasia. Methods From the beginning of 2000 till the end 2011, we identified eight male patients with methanephric adenoma in our hospital, only two of these were selected to surgery for this tumor; in the other six the finding occasionally at pathological anatomy other pathology of the kidney. Results All patients are in good clinical condition except two died for other diseases. The mean (range) dimension was about 2 cm. Conclusion The adenoma is a benign condition; suspect this adenomais recommended nephron sparing surgery.
About Surgical Correction of Urethral Stenosis: Urethroplasty
Authors: Pace Gianna , Micheli Emanuele , Valenti Sergio , Borgonovo Giulio , Vismara Alberto , Tocco Antonella , Lembo Antonino 
Published: March 2016

Objective The aim of our study has been to evaluate our results in the treatment of urethral stenosis through several surgical approaches of urethroplasty: the one-stage procedure by direct end-to-end anastomosis, the free dorsal onlay graft urethroplasty using buccal mucosa, and the two-stage urethroplasty. Methods Between February 2009 and January 2012, 53 patients were enrolled and analyzed for different types of urethral reconstruction. Results The procedures included direct end-to-end anastomosis in 26 patients (49%), 18 (34%) underwent a two-stage urethroplasty (Johansen's), in 9 a free dorsal onlay buccal mucosa urethroplasty was performed. At a mean follow-up of 17 months, we had an overall success rate of 95%. When stratified on the basis of the procedure performed, in the direct end-to-end anastomosis 98% of patients had no evidence of recurrent stricture, 96% of success rate was reached in the onlay buccal mucosa urethroplasty, and 91% in the two-stage procedure. Conclusions In patients with urethral strictures, urethroplasty has to be preferred with respect to urethrotomy, which is the cause of a high percentage of recurrence, and holds the risk of compromising the success of further surgical procedures of urethroplasty. Differently, several techniques of urethroplasty offer a high percentage of success rate until 95%, as showed by our results.
Canola oil and organic selenium in quail diets: fatty acid profile, cholesterol content and external egg quality
Authors: Roll Aline Arassiana Piccini , Hobuss Cristiane Barsewish , Del Pino Francisco Augusto Burkert , Roll Victor Fernando Buttow , Dionello Nelson José Laurino , Xavier Eduardo Gonçalves , Rutz Fernando 
Published: March 2016

<p>Foram estudados os efeitos da substituição parcial ou total do óleo de soja (SO) por óleo de canola (CO), suplementado ou não com selênio orgânico (SeO) na dieta de codornas (Coturnix coturnix coturnix) sobre o perfil de ácidos graxos, o colesterol na gema e a qualidade externa dos ovos. Um total de 252 codornas foram alimentadas durante três períodos de 28 dias cada, utilizando seis tratamentos: Controle (SO); SO + 0,3ppm SeO; Óleo de canola (CO); CO + 0,3ppm SeO; ½ SO + ½ CO; ½ SO + ½ CO + 0,3ppm SeO. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado e as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas por contrastes ortogonais e teste de Duncan a 5%. Observou-se um aumento significativo de 4% nos níveis de ácido oleico na gema dos ovos com a suplementação de óleo de canola, em comparação com os demais tratamentos. A suplementação de SeO não alterou o perfil de ácidos graxos da gema. Nem o óleo de canola nem a suplementação de SeO afetaram o colesterol da gema. O peso do ovo foi maior nas aves alimentadas com CO suplementado com 0,3ppm SeO comparado com CO não suplementado, mas não diferindo dos demais tratamentos. Conclui-se do experimento que a substituição de SO por CO na dieta das codornas muda o perfil de ácidos graxos na gema, aumenta a concentração de ácido oleico e diminui o ácido linoleico, sem afetar outras características de qualidade do ovo.</p>
An Innovative Rapid Method for Analysis of 10 Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Wheat by HS-SPME-GC-FPD/MSD
Authors: Du Xin , Ren YongLin , Beckett Stephen J 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The rapid detection of pesticide residues in wheat has become a top food security priority. A solvent-free headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) has been evaluated for rapid screening of organophosphorus pesticide (OPP) residues in wheat with high sensitivity. Individual wheat samples (1.7 g), spiked with 10 OPPs, were placed in a 4 mL sealed amber glass vial and heated at 60°C for 45 min. During this time, the OPP residues were extracted with a 50 μm/30 μm divinylbenzene (DVB)/carboxen (CAR)/plasma desorption mass spectroscopy polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fiber from the headspace above the sample. The fiber was then removed and injected into the GC injection port at 250°C for desorption of the extracted chemicals. The multiple residues were identified by a GC mass spectrometer detector (GC-MSD) and quantified with a GC flame photometric detector (GC-FPD). Seven spiked levels of 10 OPPs on wheat were analyzed. The GC responses for a 50 μm/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber increased with increasing spiking levels, yielding significant (R2 &gt; 0.98) linear regressions. The lowest LODs of the multiple pesticide standards were evaluated under the conditions of the validation study in a range of levels from 0 (control) to 100 ng of pesticide residue per g of wheat that separated on a low-polar GC capillary column (Agilent DB-35UI). The results of the HS-SPME method were compared with the QuEChERS AOAC 2007.01 method and they showed several advantages over the latter. These included improved sensitivity, selectivity, and simplicity.
Multiplex Dipstick Technologies for Rapid and Simultaneous Screening of Analytes of Importance in Agri-Food-Nutrition and Health Care: A Review
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Sinha Rajeshwar P , Singh Manoj , Rajendran Subin R C K , Kumar Anil 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Dipstick test kits are being widely used for the rapid screening of a range of antigens or toxins in food, agriculture, and health care. They provide specific results on-site within 10 min with suitable accuracy and are, therefore, cost-effective. Multiplex dipsticks also provide the opportunity for simultaneous detection of multiple antigens in the target sample without using expensive instrumentation, minimizing the cost of analysis as well as the duration of assay. Because of these benefits, dipstick kits are widely being used in the simultaneous detection of several antigens/toxins in large number of samples and in high-throughput manner. This review focuses on the current status of developed multiplex strips and its working principles and future direction of the technology in the agriculture, food, nutrition, and health care sectors.
La « diversité » comme capital
Authors: Urciuoli Bonnie , Kerbiriou Anne-Hélène , Engberts Sonia 
Published: March 2016

Dans les discours néolibéraux sur le travail, les travailleurs sont imaginés comme des faisceaux de compétences, certaines étant dites « formelles » (le savoir et les techniques), d’autres « informelles » (les aptitudes et les caractéristiques sociales). Dans cette conception, tout attribut pensé en termes de travail productif, même les différentes formes de se comporter socialement, peut être considéré comme une compétence. En particulier, les marqueurs de différences sociales peuvent être considérés comme des compétences, y compris les marqueurs raciaux, ethniques et linguistiques, pour autant qu’on puisse supposer qu’ils apportent une valeur à l’entreprise. Des différences que l’on pourrait par ailleurs interpréter comme des indications de race, d’ethnicité ou d’identité nationale sont ré-imaginées comme des propriétés appartenant à des individus. De plus, les salariés sont rendus responsables de la conversion de leurs propres marqueurs de désavantage social en marqueurs de valeur ajoutée. De manière générale, les différences langagières et raciales/ethniques fonctionnent de manière complémentaire dans le monde du travail issu de la globalisation : les différences linguistiques opèrent comme des compétences « formelles » et les caractéristiques sociales identitaires de la « diversité » comme des compétences « informelles ».
Langue et insertion professionnelle de migrants africains à Barcelone
Authors: Codó Eva 
Published: March 2016

Cet article examine les processus d’insertion professionnelle d’un groupe de cinq jeunes migrants africains vivant dans la région métropolitaine de Barcelone (Catalogne, Espagne) dans la perspective du rôle et de la valeur de leur répertoire multilingue. Relatant un engagement ethnographique à long terme avec ces cinq personnes, cet article présente leurs trajectoires personnelles et professionnelles, et analyse les facteurs qui ont contribué à leur accès (ou non) à l’emploi. On y soutient que, dans le contexte actuel de crise économique et dans l’espace local de la ville de Sarrona, il n’y a pas d’opportunités d’emploi. Le catalan apparaît comme un capital symbolique dans le réseau local d’entraide lié à une ONG qui procure le logement et la nourriture, mais ne permet pas pour autant d’obtenir un travail. À travers ses discours et ses pratiques, cette ONG dévalorise les ressources linguistiques « non-locales » des migrants, y compris la connaissance de langues d’usage planétaire comme l’anglais et le français. De fait, l’ONG gomme idéologiquement les autres langues. Seuls les migrants qui se sont aventurés en dehors de l’univers « sécurisé » de l’ONG et de ses réseaux, ceux qui ont fait des études universitaires, ont trouvé des emplois dans l’hôtellerie à Barcelone, qui leur donnent une autonomie personnelle.
Les dispositifs de pilotage de la performance en environnement innovant et incertain : étude comparative de huit startups
Authors: Meyssonnier François 
Published: March 2016

Une étude comparative des dispositifs de pilotage de la performance dans huit startups appartenant au même écosystème montre que ces entreprises recourent d’abord au suivi de trésorerie et au compte de résultat de la comptabilité générale puis aux tableaux de bord de production ou commerciaux et seulement ensuite aux outils classiques du contrôle de gestion que sont les calculs de coûts, le système budgétaire et le tableau de bord de pilotage global. En environnement innovant et incertain, l’introduction du contrôle de gestion n’est pas toujours nécessaire quand l’entreprise est très petite, quand elle est plus proche de sa base scientifique que des marchés (par exemple dans le cas des biotechs) et en raison du système français d’aides publiques qui rend moins urgent l’intervention du capital risque. Quand l’appropriation du contrôle de gestion est en cours, elle est souvent ralentie par la focalisation compréhensible des dirigeants sur les objectifs techniques et commerciaux et par leur culture principalement scientifique. Enfin les dispositifs de pilotage mis en oeuvre restent réduits à un usage psycho-cognitif pour l’aide à la décision du dirigeant en phase d’exploration ou sont plus développés en phase d’exploitation, mais alors généralement avec un responsable du contrôle de gestion cantonné à un rôle de garde-fou et un fonctionnement interactif. Dix propositions résument les enseignements de cette recherche.