bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabolic acidosis status and mortality in patients on the end stage of renal disease
Authors: Raikou Vaia D. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Uncorrected metabolic acidosis leads to higher death risk in dialysis patients. We observed the relationship between metabolic acidosis status and mortality rate in patients on renal replacement therapy during a median follow up time of 60 months.

Methods
We studied 76 patients on an on-line hemodiafiltration. The dialysis adequacy was defined by Kt/V for urea. The Framingham risk score (FRS) points were used to determine the 10-year risk for coronary heart disease. We examined the impact of high or low serum bicarbonate concentrations on mortality rate and on 10-year risk for coronary heart disease via the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox’s model was used to evaluate a combination of prognostic variables, such as dialysis adequacy defined by Kt/V for urea, age and serum bicarbonate concentrations.

Results
We divided the enrolled patients in three groups according to serum bicarbonate concentrations (< 20 mmol/L, 20-22 mmol/L and > 22 mmol/L). Kaplan-Meier survival curve for the impact of serum bicarbonate concentrations on overall mortality was found significant (log-rank = 7.8, P = 0.02). The prevalence of serum bicarbonate less or more than 20 mmol/L on high FRS (> 20%) by Kaplan-Meier curve was also found significant (log-rank = 4.9, P = 0.02). Cox’s model revealed the significant predictive effect of serum bicarbonate on overall mortality (P = 0.006, OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.12-1.98) in combination to Kt/V for urea and age.

Conclusion
Uncorrected severe metabolic acidosis, defined by serum bicarbonate concentrations less than 20 mmol/L, is associated with a 10-year risk for coronary heart disease more than 20% and high overall mortality in patients on renal replacement therapy.
Crystal structure of 4a-hydroxy-9-(3,5-dibromo-phenyl)-3,4,4a,5,6,7,9,9a-octahydro-2H-xanthene-1,8-dione, C19H18Br2O4
Authors: Li Jing , Zhou Weiwei , Sui Feng 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
C19H18Br2O4, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 14.323(3) Å, b = 7.6704(17) Å, c = 17.112(4) Å, β = 111.948(4)°, V = 1743.7(7) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0530, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1219, T = 296(2) K.
Isotope-abundance variations and atomic weights of selected elements: 2016 (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Coplen Tyler B. , Shrestha Yesha 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
There are 63 chemical elements that have two or more isotopes that are used to determine their standard atomic weights. The isotopic abundances and atomic weights of these elements can vary in normal materials due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay). These variations are well known for 12 elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, magnesium, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, bromine, and thallium), and the standard atomic weight of each of these elements is given by IUPAC as an interval with lower and upper bounds. Graphical plots of selected materials and compounds of each of these elements have been published previously. Herein and at the URL http://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F7GF0RN2, we provide isotopic abundances, isotope-delta values, and atomic weights for each of the upper and lower bounds of these materials and compounds.
Fabrication, characterization, and application of polyester/wood flour composites
Authors: Wu Chin-San , Liao Hsin-Tzu 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The mechanical properties, thermal properties, antibacterial activity, and fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) printing strips of composite materials containing polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) and wood flour (WF) were evaluated. Maleic anhydride (MA)-grafted PHA (PHA-g-MA) and WF were used to enhance the desired characteristics of these composites. The PHA-g-MA/WF composites had better mechanical properties than the PHA/WF composites did. This effect was attributed to a greater compatibility between the grafted polyester and WF. Additionally, the PHA-g-MA/WF composites provided higher quality 3D printing strips and were more easily processed because of ester formation. The water resistance of the PHA-g-MA/WF composite was greater than that of PHA/WF. Moreover, WF enhanced the antibacterial activity of the composites. Composites of PHA-g-MA or PHA containing WF had better antibacterial activity.
Messraten statischer Einzelspiegel-Fourier-Transformations-Infrarotspektrometer bei Verwendung von Mikrobolometerdetektoren
Authors: Schardt Michael , Rauscher Markus S. , Murr Patrik J. , Tremmel Anton J. , Koch Alexander W. 
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung
Statische Einzelspiegel-Fourier-Transformations-Spektrometer ermöglichen Spektroskopie mit hohen Messraten im mittleren infraroten Spektralbereich, da sie geringe interne Lichtverluste aufweisen und gleichzeitig auf bewegliche Teile vollständig verzichten. In dieser Arbeit wird ein solches Spektrometer vorgestellt, optimiert und auf seine maximale Messrate hin untersucht. Ausgestattet mit einem ungekühlten Mikrobolometerarray als Detektor erlaubt es Bildwiederholraten bis 200 Hz bei einer Auflösung von 7.1 cm
–1 im Spektralbereich zwischen 1250 cm
–1 und 650 cm
–1. Durch die hohe thermische Zeitkonstante des Mikrobolometerarrays ist für quantitative spektrale Messungen die Messrate des Gesamtsystems auf 15 Hz zu reduzieren.
Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit dynamischer Kennwerte von Berührungsthermometern in strömender Luft
Authors: Augustin Silke , Fröhlich Thomas , Heydrich Marius 
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung
Bei der Messung mit Berührungsthermometern treten statische und dynamische thermische Messabweichungen auf. Der Wert und
der zeitliche Verlauf dieser Abweichungen werden u.a. beeinflusst durch Wärmetransportvorgänge im Thermometer, zwischen
Sensor, Einbauwand und Umgebung sowie dem zu messenden Medium. Zusätzlich wirken sich verschiedene Einflussgrößen auf die
primäre Abbildungsgröße der Temperatur (z. B. Widerstand, Thermospannung) und weitere Störgrößen in der Messkette auf den
Messwert aus.
Während die Messunsicherheit bei der Bestimmung der statisch-thermischen Messabweichung immer eine große Rolle gespielt
hat, wird sie bei der Ermittlung der dynamischen Kennwerte kaum betrachtet. Im Beitrag werden die Einflussfaktoren, die
sich auf die dynamischen Kennwerte der Berührungsthermometer auswirken, näher beleuchtet.
Performance Aspects and Physiological Responses in Male Amateur Boxing Competitions: A Brief Review
Authors: Slimani Maamer , Chaabène Helmi , Davis Philip , Franchini Emerson , Cheour Foued , Chamari Karim 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Slimani, M, Chaabène, H, Davis, P, Franchini, E, Cheour, F, and Chamari, K. Performance aspects and physiological responses in male amateur boxing competitions: a brief review. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 1132–1141, 2017—Boxing is one of the most popular striking combat sports in the world. The aim of this review was to present data concerning performance analysis (time-motion and technical-tactical analysis) and physiological responses (i.e., blood lactate concentration [BLC], heart rate, and oxygen consumption) during novice and elite male simulated and official amateur boxing competitions in any age category. The present review shows that boxing competition is a high-intensity intermittent striking combat sport. Typically, the activity-to-rest ratio was higher in elite (18:1) than in novice (9:1) boxers and significant differences were observed between rounds (first round = 16:1, second round = 8:1, and third round = 6:1) in novice boxers. Thus, total stop-time and total stop-frequency increased over subsequent rounds in novice boxers. The technical-tactical aspects in elite and novice boxing bouts were different between rounds and dependent on the match outcome (i.e., winners vs. losers). Particularly, the current review highlights that triple-punch combinations, total combinations, block- and counter-punch combinations, total punches to the head, technical performance effectiveness, and defensive- and offensive-skills effectiveness may have contributed to win in novice and elite boxing competitions. Higher frequencies of technical movements were also observed in elite compared with novice boxers. From a physiological point of view, BLC increased significantly from postround 1 compared with postround 3 in novice boxing match. BLC was also higher in official than in simulated elite boxing matches in senior compared with junior boxers and in medium heavy-weight category compared with light- and medium-weight categories in junior boxing competition. A higher percentage of maximal heart rate (%HRmax) and maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o
2max) were reported in round 3 compared with rounds 2 and 1 in elite boxing competition. In conclusion, these data are useful for both technical–tactical and physical conditioning sessions. Coaches and fitness trainers are encouraged to adjust their training according to these particular characteristics, specifically in terms of age, participants' level, weight categories, and combat contest type.
The Effects of the Removal of Electronic Devices for 48 Hours on Sleep in Elite Judo Athletes
Authors: Dunican Ian C. , Martin David T. , Halson Shona L. , Reale Reid J. , Dawson Brian T. , Caldwell John A. , Jones Maddison J. , Eastwood Peter R. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Dunican, IC, Martin, DT, Halson, SL, Reale, RJ, Dawson, BT, Caldwell, JA, Jones, MJ, and Eastwood, PR. The effects of the removal of electronic devices for 48 hours on sleep in elite judo athletes. J Strength Cond Res 31(10): 2832–2839, 2017—This study examined the effects of evening use of electronic devices (i.e., smartphones, etc.) on sleep quality and next-day athletic and cognitive performance in elite judo athletes. Over 6 consecutive days and nights, 23 elite Australian judo athletes were monitored while attending a camp at the Australian Institute of Sport (AIS). In 14 athletes, all electronic devices were removed on days 3 and 4 (i.e., for 48 hours: the “device-restricted group”), whereas 9 were permitted to use their devices throughout the camp (the “control group”). All athletes wore an activity monitor (Readiband) continuously to provide measures of sleep quantity and quality. Other self-reported (diary) measures included time in bed, electronic device use, and rate of perceived exertion during training periods. Cognitive performance (Cogstate) and physical performance (single leg triple hop test) were also measured. When considering night 2 as a “baseline” for each group, removal of electronic devices on nights 3 and 4 (device-restricted group) resulted in no significant differences in any sleep-related measure between the groups. When comparing actigraphy-based measures of sleep to subjective measures, all athletes significantly overestimated sleep duration by 58 ± 85 minutes (p = 0.001) per night and underestimated time of sleep onset by 37 ± 72 minutes (p = 0.001) per night. No differences in physical or cognitive function were observed between the groups. Conclusion: This study has shown that the removal of electronic devices for a period of two nights (48 hours) during a judo camp does not affect sleep quality or quantity or influence athletic or cognitive performance.
Soluble cpg15 from Astrocytes Ameliorates Neurite Outgrowth Recovery of Hippocampal Neurons after Mouse Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Zhao Jing-Jing , Hu Jie-Xian , Lu De-Xin , Ji Chun-Xia , Qi Yao , Liu Xiao-Yan , Sun Feng-Yan , Huang Fang , Xu Ping , Chen Xian-Hua 
Published: January 2017

The present study focuses on the function of cpg15, a neurotrophic factor, in ischemic neuronal recovery using transient global cerebral ischemic (TGI) mouse model and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated primary cultured cells. The results showed that expression of cpg15 proteins in astrocytes, predominantly the soluble form, was significantly increased in mouse hippocampus after TGI and in the cultured astrocytes after OGD. Addition of the medium from the cpg15-overexpressed astrocytic culture into the OGD-treated hippocampal neuronal cultures reduces the neuronal injury, whereas the recovery of neurite outgrowths of OGD-injured neurons was prevented when cpg15 in the OGD-treated astrocytes was knocked down, or the OGD-treated-astrocytic medium was immunoadsorbed by cpg15 antibody. Furthermore, lentivirus-delivered knockdown of cpg15 expression in mouse hippocampal astrocytes diminishes the dendritic branches and exacerbates injury of neurons in CA1 region after TGI. In addition, treatment with inhibitors of MEK1/2, PI3K, and TrkA decreases, whereas overexpression of p-CREB, but not dp-CREB, increases the expression of cpg15 in U118 or primary cultured astrocytes. Also, it is observed that the Flag-tagged soluble cpg15 from the astrocytes transfected with Flag-tagged cpg15-expressing plasmids adheres to the surface of neuronal bodies and the neurites. In conclusion, our results suggest that the soluble cpg15 from astrocytes induced by ischemia could ameliorate the recovery of the ischemic-injured hippocampal neurons via adhering to the surface of neurons. The upregulated expression of cpg15 in astrocytes may be activated via MAPK and PI3K signal pathways, and regulation of CREB phosphorylation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeuronal plasticity plays a crucial role in the amelioration of neurological recovery of ischemic injured brain, which remains a challenge for clinic treatment of cerebral ischemia. cpg15 as a synaptic plasticity-related factor may participate in promoting the recovery process; however, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. The objective of this study is to reveal the function and mechanism of neuronal-specific cpg15 expressed in astrocytes after ischemia induction, in promoting the recovery of injured neurons. Our findings provided new mechanistic insight into the neurological recovery, which might help develop novel therapeutic options for cerebral ischemia via astrocytic-targeting interference of gene expression.
Impact of Altered Cholinergic Tones on the Neurovascular Coupling Response to Whisker Stimulation
Authors: Lecrux Clotilde , Sandoe Claire H. , Neupane Sujaya , Kropf Pascal , Toussay Xavier , Tong Xin-Kang , Lacalle-Aurioles María , Shmuel Amir , Hamel Edith 
Published: January 2017

Brain imaging techniques that use vascular signals to map changes in neuronal activity rely on the coupling between electrophysiology and hemodynamics, a phenomenon referred to as “neurovascular coupling” (NVC). It is unknown whether this relationship remains reliable under altered brain states associated with acetylcholine (ACh) levels, such as attention and arousal and in pathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. We therefore assessed the effects of varying ACh tone on whisker-evoked NVC responses in rat barrel cortex, measured by cerebral blood flow (CBF) and neurophysiological recordings (local field potentials, LFPs). We found that acutely enhanced ACh tone significantly potentiated whisker-evoked CBF responses through muscarinic ACh receptors and concurrently facilitated neuronal responses, as illustrated by increases in the amplitude and power in high frequencies of the evoked LFPs. However, the cellular identity of the activated neuronal network within the responsive barrel was unchanged, as characterized by c-Fos upregulation in pyramidal cells and GABA interneurons coexpressing vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. In contrast, chronic ACh deprivation hindered whisker-evoked CBF responses and the amplitude and power in most frequency bands of the evoked LFPs and reduced the rostrocaudal extent and area of the activated barrel without altering its identity. Correlations between LFP power and CBF, used to estimate NVC, were enhanced under high ACh tone and disturbed significantly by ACh depletion. We conclude that ACh is not only a facilitator but also a prerequisite for the full expression of sensory-evoked NVC responses, indicating that ACh may alter the fidelity of hemodynamic signals in assessing changes in evoked neuronal activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTNeurovascular coupling, defined as the tight relationship between activated neurons and hemodynamic responses, is a fundamental brain function that underlies hemodynamic-based functional brain imaging techniques. However, the impact of altered brain states on this relationship is largely unknown. We therefore investigated how acetylcholine (ACh), known to drive brain states of attention and arousal and to be deficient in pathologies such as Alzheimer's disease, would alter neurovascular coupling responses to sensory stimulation. Whereas acutely increased ACh enhanced neuronal responses and the resulting hemodynamic signals, chronic loss of cholinergic input resulted in dramatic impairments in both types of sensory-evoked signals. We conclude that ACh is not only a potent modulator but also a requirement for the full expression of sensory-evoked neurovascular coupling responses.
Creatine Enhances Mitochondrial-Mediated Oligodendrocyte Survival After Demyelinating Injury
Authors: Chamberlain Kelly A. , Chapey Kristen S. , Nanescu Sonia E. , Huang Jeffrey K. 
Published: January 2017

Chronic oligodendrocyte loss, which occurs in the demyelinating disorder multiple sclerosis (MS), contributes to axonal dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Current therapies are able to reduce MS severity, but do not prevent transition into the progressive phase of the disease, which is characterized by chronic neurodegeneration. Therefore, pharmacological compounds that promote oligodendrocyte survival could be beneficial for neuroprotection in MS. Here, we investigated the role of creatine, an organic acid involved in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) buffering, in oligodendrocyte function. We found that creatine increased mitochondrial ATP production directly in oligodendrocyte lineage cell cultures and exerted robust protection on oligodendrocytes by preventing cell death in both naive and lipopolysaccharide-treated mixed glia. Moreover, lysolecithin-mediated demyelination in mice deficient in the creatine-synthesizing enzyme guanidinoacetate-methyltransferase (Gamt) did not affect oligodendrocyte precursor cell recruitment, but resulted in exacerbated apoptosis of regenerated oligodendrocytes in central nervous system (CNS) lesions. Remarkably, creatine administration intoGamt-deficient and wild-type mice with demyelinating injury reduced oligodendrocyte apoptosis, thereby increasing oligodendrocyte density and myelin basic protein staining in CNS lesions. We found that creatine did not affect the recruitment of macrophages/microglia into lesions, suggesting that creatine affects oligodendrocyte survival independently of inflammation. Together, our results demonstrate a novel function for creatine in promoting oligodendrocyte viability during CNS remyelination.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe report that creatine enhances oligodendrocyte mitochondrial function and protects against caspase-dependent oligodendrocyte apoptosis during CNS remyelination. This work has important implications for the development of therapeutic targets for diseases characterized by oligodendrocyte death, including multiple sclerosis.
Mechanisms of NMDA Receptor- and Voltage-Gated L-Type Calcium Channel-Dependent Hippocampal LTP Critically Rely on Proteolysis That Is Mediated by Distinct Metalloproteinases
Authors: Wiera Grzegorz , Nowak Daria , van Hove Inge , Dziegiel Piotr , Moons Lieve , Mozrzymas Jerzy W. 
Published: January 2017

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is widely perceived as a memory substrate and in the hippocampal CA3-CA1 pathway, distinct forms of LTP depend on NMDA receptors (nmdaLTP) or L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (vdccLTP). LTP is also known to be effectively regulated by extracellular proteolysis that is mediated by various enzymes. Herein, we investigated whether in mice hippocampal slices these distinct forms of LTP are specifically regulated by different metalloproteinases (MMPs). We found that MMP-3 inhibition or knock-out impaired late-phase LTP in the CA3-CA1 pathway. Interestingly, late-phase LTP was also decreased by MMP-9 blockade. When both MMP-3 and MMP-9 were inhibited, both early- and late-phase LTP was impaired. Using immunoblotting,in situzymography, and immunofluorescence, we found that LTP induction was associated with an increase in MMP-3 expression and activity in CA1 stratum radiatum. MMP-3 inhibition and knock-out prevented the induction of vdccLTP, with no effect on nmdaLTP. L-type channel-dependent LTP is known to be impaired by hyaluronic acid digestion. We found that slice treatment with hyaluronidase occluded the effect of MMP-3 blockade on LTP, further confirming a critical role for MMP-3 in this form of LTP. In contrast to the CA3-CA1 pathway, LTP in the mossy fiber-CA3 projection did not depend on MMP-3, indicating the pathway specificity of the actions of MMPs. Overall, our study indicates that the activation of perisynaptic MMP-3 supports L-type channel-dependent LTP in the CA1 region, whereas nmdaLTP depends solely on MMP-9.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVarious types of long-term potentiation (LTP) are correlated with distinct phases of memory formation and retrieval, but the underlying molecular signaling pathways remain poorly understood. Extracellular proteases have emerged as key players in neuroplasticity phenomena. The present study found that L-type calcium channel-dependent LTP in the CA3-CA1 hippocampal projection is critically regulated by the activity of matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP-3), in contrast to NMDAR-dependent LTP regulated by MMP-9. Moreover, the induction of LTP was associated with an increase in MMP-3 expression and activity. Finally, we found that the digestion of hyaluronan, a principal extracellular matrix component, disrupted the MMP-3-dependent component of LTP. These results indicate that distinct MMPs might act as molecular switches for specific types of LTP.