bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Confessions of a ‘Mixed Marriage Child’. Diary in the Study of Yugoslavia’s Breakup
Authors: Buric Fedja 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article relies on the author’s own diary, kept between 1993 and 1994, in an effort to study how the violent breakup of Yugoslavia impacted identities of ordinary people. As it was written by a child from a mixed (Muslim-Croat) marriage, the diary, when properly analysed and contextualized, offers a way to study ethnicity as a process. In employing an unorthodox methodology in demonstrating how, as a 14-year-old, he was both marked as mixed and embraced Bosniak nationalism to the point of (risking) radicalization, the author moves the discussion of Yugoslav mixed marriages beyond the polarized and static portrayal hitherto characteristic of the debates around this topic.
Negotiating Socialist Lives after the Fall. Narrative Resources and Strategies of the First Socialist Generation in Bulgaria
Authors: Koleva Daniela 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This article is based on the life stories of about 100 women and men born in the 1920s and 1930s in Bulgaria. The stories were elicited in oral history interviews enquiring into their lives under the communist regime. The starting hypothesis was that, in the absence of a shared public narrative about the socialist past, as is the case in present-day Bulgaria, people would struggle to make sense of their lives during the time of socialism and have difficulty producing meaningful autobiographical accounts. The article explores the narrative strategies the interviewees adopted to let them present their lives as meaningfully seamless and coherent, despite the change in frame of reference. Four such strategies are discussed: sameness (unbroken loyalty to the former regime); biographical revisionism (distancing the self from the regime but retaining loyalty to the ideology); reversed temporality (privileging the past); and steering away (focusing on private life while ignoring its context).
Europe on the Move. A Commentary
Authors: Busek Erhard 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Erhard Busek, former special coordinator of the Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe, assesses the present European crises—the refugee crisis, the financial crisis, the Greek crisis, the Ukrainian crisis, the Brexit crisis—from a Southeast European perspective, and from the perspective of one who has worked substantively toward the stabilization of the postwar societies of the successor states of Yugoslavia in the 2000s. This stabilization process has been a long and arduous task, albeit one that has borne fruit in spite of all the remaining fragilities. It would be a great mistake to forfeit what has been achieved, and not to take the achievement as a lesson for meeting the present challenges: developing a real conflict and crisis management process is a worthwhile endeavor.
Brexit and Europe. A Commentary
Authors: Breuilly John 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The Brexit vote was not simply a rejection of the European Union but also of a politics based on calculated self-interest or reasoned idealism. The author outlines how the referendum came about, provides crucial background information, and analyses its results. The reasons for the success of the Leave campaign are concisely presented, including the role of parties other than the Labour and Tory parties and that of the media in promoting, instead of critically assessing, a campaign characterized by exaggerated, even false claims. In his outlook towards the future, the author focuses on the UK/EU relationship and the internal constitutional crisis the Brexit vote has created and the dangers these pose for (further) destabilisation both of Britain and Europe.
Asymptotically stable dynamic risk assessments
Authors: Eisele Karl-Theodor , Kupper Michael 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In this paper we study asymptotically stable risk assessments (or equivalently risk measures)
which have the property that an unacceptable position cannot become acceptable by adding a huge cash-flow far in the future. Under an additional continuity assumption, these risk assessments are exactly those which have a robust representation in terms of test probabilities that are supported on a finite time interval.
For time-consistent risk assessments we give conditions on their generators which guarantee asymptotic stability.
Thermal annealing of natural, radiation-damaged pyrochlore
Authors: Zietlow Peter , Beirau Tobias , Mihailova Boriana , Groat Lee A. , Chudy Thomas , Shelyug Anna , Navrotsky Alexandra , Ewing Rodney C. , Schlüter Jochen , Škoda Radek , Bismayer Ulrich 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Radiation damage in minerals is caused by the α-decay of incorporated radionuclides, such as U and Th and their decay products. The effect of thermal annealing (400–1000 K) on radiation-damaged pyrochlores has been investigated by Raman scattering, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and combined differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetry (DSC/TG). The analysis of three natural radiation-damaged pyrochlore samples from Miass/Russia [6.4 wt% Th, 23.1·1018 α-decay events per gram (dpg)], Panda Hill/Tanzania (1.6 wt% Th, 1.6·1018 dpg), and Blue River/Canada (10.5 wt% U, 115.4·1018 dpg), are compared with a crystalline reference pyrochlore from Schelingen (Germany). The type of structural recovery depends on the initial degree of radiation damage (Panda Hill 28%, Blue River 85% and Miass 100% according to XRD), as the recrystallization temperature increases with increasing degree of amorphization. Raman spectra indicate reordering on the local scale during annealing-induced recrystallization. As Raman modes around 800 cm−1 are sensitive to radiation damage (M. T. Vandenborre, E. Husson, Comparison of the force field in various pyrochlore families. I. The A2B2O7 oxides. J. Solid State Chem.
1983, 50, 362, S. Moll, G. Sattonnay, L. Thomé, J. Jagielski, C. Decorse, P. Simon, I. Monnet, W. J. Weber, Irradiation damage in Gd2Ti2O7 single crystals: Ballistic versus ionization processes. Phys. Rev.
2011, 84, 64115.), the degree of local order was deduced from the ratio of the integrated intensities of the sum of the Raman bands between 605 and 680 cm−1 divided by the sum of the integrated intensities of the bands between 810 and 860 cm−1. The most radiation damaged pyrochlore (Miass) shows an abrupt recovery of both, its short- (Raman) and long-range order (X-ray) between 800 and 850 K, while the weakly damaged pyrochlore (Panda Hill) begins to recover at considerably lower temperatures (near 500 K), extending over a temperature range of ca. 300 K, up to 800 K (Raman). The pyrochlore from Blue River shows in its initial state an amorphous X-ray diffraction pattern superimposed by weak Bragg-maxima that indicates the existence of ordered regions in a damaged matrix. In contrast to the other studied pyrochlores, Raman spectra of the Blue River sample show the appearance of local modes above 560 K between 700 and 800 cm−1 resulting from its high content of U and Ta impurities. DSC measurements confirmed the observed structural recovery upon annealing. While the annealing-induced ordering of Panda Hill begins at a lower temperature (ca. 500 K) the recovery of the highly-damaged pyrochlore from Miass occurs at 800 K. The Blue-River pyrochlore shows a multi-step recovery which is similarly seen by XRD. Thermogravimetry showed a continuous mass loss on heating for all radiation-damaged pyrochlores (Panda Hill ca. 1%, Blue River ca. 1.5%, Miass ca. 2.9%).
Conocarpol, a new cycloartane triterpenoid from Diospyros conocarpa
Authors: Feusso Hermann Marius Feumo , Akak Carine Mvot , Tala Michel Feussi , Azebaze Anatole Guy Blaise , Tsabang Nole , Vardamides Juliette Catherine , Laatsch Hartmut 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A new cycloartane triterpenoid named conocarpol (1) was isolated from the stem bark of Diospyros conocarpa, together with the known compounds aridanin (2), lupeol (3), betulin (4), betulinic acid (5), stigmasterol (6), and stigmasterol 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (7). Their structures were established on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as mass spectrometry. Aridanin (2) is reported for the first time in the family Ebenaceae, and conocarpol (1) represents the first cycloartane triterpene within this family.
Effect of Electrical Myostimulation on the Function of Lower Leg Muscles
Authors: Silinskas Viktoras , GrŪnovas Albinas , Stanislovaitiene Jurate , Buliuolis Alfonsas , Trinkunas Eugenijus , Poderys Jonas 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Silinskas, V, Grūnovas, A, Stanislovaitiene, J, Buliuolis, A, Trinkunas, E, and Poderys, J. Effect of electrical myostimulation on the function of lower leg muscles. J Strength Cond Res 31(6): 1577–1584, 2017—Electrical myostimulation (EMS) method is applied to improve skeletal muscle function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of EMS applied to the sole and calf muscles on their strength and on maximal sprint performance. Each of 10 training sessions involved 10 seconds of stimulation and 50 seconds of rest for a total of 10 minutes. After the 10 training sessions, the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of right calf muscles increased by 6.0% from 830.0 ± 47.0 N to 878.0 ± 45.3 N (p ≤ 0.05). When EMS was applied to trained athletes, their 10-m sprint performance improved by 2.1% (p ≤ 0.05). In the second part of the study, a 3-week training program with EMS was applied to athletes, which significantly improved their 10-m sprint performance from a standing start by 5.3% and from a running start by 4.7% (p ≤ 0.05). Thus, 10 EMS cycles up to the maximal tolerated intensity applied every other day improved the MVC of foot flexion muscles and 10-m sprint performance from both standing and running starts. Three weeks of EMS training did not affect the intensity of calf muscle blood flow and oxygen saturation at rest. The training program supplemented with 10 EMS sessions produced significantly greater effects on the 10-m sprint performance from both a standing and a running start.
Single-Leg Squat Performance in Active Adolescents Aged 8–17 Years
Authors: Agresta Cristine , Church Chris , Henley John , Duer Tim , O'Brien Kathleen 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Agresta, CE, Church, C, Henley, J, Duer, T, and O'Brien, K. Single-leg squat performance in active adolescents aged 8–17 years. J Strength Cond Res 31(5): 1187–1191, 2017—More than 30 million U.S. adolescents participate in sport and exercise. Lower extremity injury from sport participation accounts for up to 89% of injuries each year. The single-leg squat (SLS) is a simple clinical tool that assesses lower extremity mechanics often associated with injury risk. To date, there is limited information regarding SLS performance in healthy children. Such information could be useful when assessing youth athletes to determine if mechanics demonstrated are different than is to be expected and puts them at the risk for injury. Furthermore, maturity status is thought to influence motor performance. Currently, there is no information regarding the influence of maturity status on SLS performance in adolescents. The purpose of our study was to determine SLS performance in relation to age and maturity level in adolescents. Forty-five children aged 8–17 years were videotaped performing a series of 10 squats using a standardized protocol. Standing height, seated height, and leg length measures were collected. Investigators scored the SLS test using specific scoring criteria. Adolescents were categorized into 3 maturity levels using a peak height velocity calculation. Multiple linear regression analyses and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Chronological age was a significant predictor of SLS performance with younger children having poorer SLS scores. Coaches and trainers should consider the chronological age of the youth athlete when assessing SLS performance. Furthermore, tailored training programs by age may help to address faulty areas, like single-leg stability, and improve overall functional performance.
Differences Between Transcutaneous and Serum Bilirubin Measurements in Black African Neonates
Authors: Olusanya Bolajoko O. , Imosemi Donald O. , Emokpae Abieyuwa A. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) correlates positively with total serum bilirubin (TSB) across different racial populations. However, little is known about the pattern of divergence between TcB and TSB at individual patient-level and the relationship with TcB measuring techniques among African neonates. This study, therefore, investigates TcB–TSB discrepancies and the contribution of 2 models of transcutaneous bilirubinometers to the observed divergence in a black African population.

METHODS:
Medical records were retrieved for late preterm and term infants with 1 to 3 pairs of TcB and TSB measurements between December 2011 to June 2015 in Nigeria. Divergence between TcB and TSB values for each infant was determined and the associated factors explored with generalized estimating equations for logistic regression. Contributions of BiliChek and JM-103 transcutaneous bilirubinometers to the divergence were further explored through linear regression and Bland-Altman analysis.

RESULTS:
Overall, 2107 TcB/TSB measurements from 1553 infants were analyzed. TSB was overestimated by ≥2 mg/dL in 64.5%, ≥3 mg/dL in 42.7%, and ≥4 mg/dL in 25.7% of all measurements. In contrast, TSB was underestimated by ≥2 mg/dL in 1.1%, ≥3 mg/dL in 0.5%, and ≥4 mg/dL in 0.3% of all recordings. Postnatal age, feeding mode, and type of TcB instrument were predictive of TSB overestimation. The JM-103 was associated with greater imprecision than BiliChek at all TSB levels.

CONCLUSIONS:
BiliChek and JM-103 bilirubinometers significantly overestimate TSB in black African neonates and may result in unnecessary or excessive treatments. Additional development of appropriate bilirubin determination devices for this racial group, especially in resource-limited settings, is warranted.
BAKING AND BASEBALL IN INDONESIA: REALIA IN TEACHING AMERICAN CULTURE IN INTENSIVE ENGLISH PROGRAM FOR UNIVERSITY FACULTY/STAFF
Authors: Anderson Roger 
Published: August 2016

<p>In this reflection, the author reports on his experience teaching English through American culture to Indonesian university educators during three week intensive programs in Indonesia. The author implemented culturally meaningful activities based upon the use of realia, or objects that connect language and on-the-ground reality of native speakers for the foreign language learner. Baseball, baking, the card game Uno, and poetry proved to be successful vehicles for learning. Additionally, emailing between the class and the author’s contacts in North America provided participants with “case studies” of real Americans/native speakers of English. Such interactions with actual Americans may provide a useful contrast/compliment to the stereotypical images of Americans disseminated by mass media. Lastly, while the teaching of English and American culture overseas may be controversial to some, this reflection argues that the careful selection of pedagogies can facilitate mutually enriching exchanges. Insights into appropriate realia, subsequent activities, and teaching considerations in Indonesia may be gleaned from this reflection by pedagogues and practitioners alike. </p>
TEACHING ENGLISH WITH PICTURE BOOKS: CURRENT CHALLENGES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS IN ENGLISH EDUCATION IN JAPAN
Authors: Kochiyama Arisa 
Published: August 2016

<p>The council for revitalization of education has submitted a proposal to Prime Minister Shinzo Abe for educational reforms to make English language courses compulsory in the fifth and sixth grades. The majority of elementary school teachers are now worried and lacking in confidence to teach English, as they feel they are ill-equipped for their new role as language instructors. According to Keith Schoch’s article Picture Books across the Curriculum, picture books deserve a place in the upper elementary and middle school grades for a number of reasons: If chosen with consideration for the interests of the students and used in ways that are appropriate for learners, picture books can provide valuable opportunities of language-rich experiences and interactions. Thus, the present study firstly describes and analyses some of the challenges facing English education in Japan by relating to its wider social setting. Secondly, the study analyzes how teachers perceive they can promote language learning in their EFL classrooms through the medium of picture books. Thirdly, the study discusses the merits of using picture books in the upper elementary and middle school English education from the viewpoint of English language learning, and then investigates topics and themes of a picture book which illuminate some universal aspects of human condition. </p>
CORPUS RESEARCH ON HEDGES IN LINGUISTICS AND EFL JOURNAL PAPERS
Authors: Wang Shih-Ping 
Published: August 2016

<p>There has been a considerable rise of studies on hedges that can help authors to reduce commitment and negotiate the meaning between the reader and the writer. This study examines hedging devices based on corpus-based analysis of 750 research articles (4,831,500 running words) extracted from 15 leading journals in linguistics and EFL areas. The Wordsmith Tools 5.0 was used for identifying hedging devices. Both Hyland (1998a) and Varttala (1998) were integrated into a framework to identify functions of hedging devices. The results reveal that the modal auxiliary hedging (44.9%) is more than other types; the noun category is the least (2.17%). However, the use of different syntactic features (personal or impersonal) when combined with epistemic lexical terms appeared to influence different interpretations of lexical hedging mainly regarding the politeness strategy. Additionally, it is authors' responsibility for hedging their own propositions. Learners should know the rules of hedges to distinguish real facts and findings from researchers' biased views and conclusions, and to use these markers accurately in their own works. The current study is useful for EFL learners, as it discusses many types of hedge for familiarizing students with appropriate use of hedging. </p>
LITERATURE-BASED EXTENSIVE READING ACCOMPANIED BY READING LOGS: A CASE FOR DEVELOPING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE STUDENTS
Authors: Khonamri Fatemeh , Farzanegan Masoumeh 
Published: August 2016

<p>This study attempted to examine the effects of an ER program accompanied by reading logs on the degree of critical thinking skills of sophomore English literature students at the University of Mazandaran. Two groups of English Literature majors formed the two experimental groups of the study in which only the former kept guided reading logs, while the latter group only read extensively. Participants were also divided by their proficiency in reading into two groups of high and low achievers to compare the differences, if any, in the critical thinking skills observed. The results of the Independent <em>t</em>-test indicated no significant difference between the groups regarding their critical thinking ability (sig= .900). Thus, it was concluded that although both groups showed a little progress after the treatment, the difference was not statistically significant whereupon to conclude that reading logs may not drastically affect learners' critical thinking development. </p>
ISLAMIC MAGAZINE ARTICLES TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ READING SKILL AND BUILD THEIR CHARACTER VALUES
Authors: Munir Munir , Hartono Rudi 
Published: August 2016

<p>This present study examined the use of Islamic magazine articles as authentic materials in teaching reading comprehension for the students of English Education Department of IAIN Batusangkar, Indonesia. This idea is based on the belief that students can be motivated and challenged to read if the selected materials pertain to their prior knowledge and experiences. In addition to this, using Islamic magazine articles as essential sources of information can positively expose students to real language. This study used qualitative research. This research was conducted to the third semester students. Observation and interview were used to collect data from 58 students who learned reading comprehension in the classroom. The research findings showed that the use of Islamic magazine articles empirically enhanced the students’ reading performance and built their character values. Based on these findings it is recommended that lecturers of reading comprehension subject should be able to exploit up-to-date articles to be used as lesson materials in teaching reading comprehension at the English education department in order to avoid boredom in reading texts. </p>
La legitimidad de la reforma fiscal: autoridades tributarias y contribuyentes en el mercado de la ciudad de Veracruz, 1875-1889
Authors: Sánchez Hidalgo Hernández Dora 
Published: August 2016

<p>Uno de los retos más difíciles para instrumentar la reforma fiscal del siglo xix en México fue transitar del cobro de los derechos municipales (de mercado y consumo) a los de patente. Las tensiones entre la ley y la realidad generadas por esta transformación tributaria parecían haber convencido a los defensores más aguerridos de la reforma de su inviabilidad. El caso de la ciudad de Veracruz ayuda a explicar cómo fue gracias a las tensiones entre la ley y la praxis cotidiana que los regidores del Ayuntamiento consiguieron regular la recaudación en los mercados urbanos, con base en los derechos de patente. Los procesos de negociación entre autoridades tributarias, contribuyentes y el gobierno estatal permitieron crear los mecanismos tributarios basados en el “giro”, con los que se legitimó la reforma fiscal federal desde el ámbito local.</p><br /><p> </p>