bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on sexual dysfunction in alopecia areata: prevalence and associated factors
Authors: Muñoz‐Barba Daniel , Díaz‐Calvillo Pablo , de Francisco Sofía Haselgruber , Martínez‐Lopez Antonio , Sánchez‐Díaz Manuel , Arias‐Santiago Salvador 
Published: October 2024

SummaryBackground and objectivesAlopecia areata (AA) impairs quality of life. However, there is no evidence on the impact of this disease in terms of sexual dysfunction (SD). The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of SD and possible associated factors in a cohort of patients with AA.Patients and methodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted in a cohort of AA patients matched with healthy controls. Sexual function was assessed using a numerical scale and gender‐specific questionnaires.ResultsA total of 60 patients with AA and 60 healthy controls were included. The prevalence of SD was higher in women with AA than in healthy controls and in men with AA (p < 0.05). Female SD was associated with younger age, shorter duration of illness and higher rates of anxiety and depression (p < 0.05). Male SD was associated with older age and greater severity of AA (p < 0.05).ConclusionsWomen with AA appear to have higher rates of SD than healthy controls and men with AA. Similarly, the factors associated with SD differ between men and women, with mood disturbance being of greater relevance in women, whereas disease severity seems to play a key role in men.
Understanding the complexity of decision‐making for mothers of young children with ambulatory cerebral palsy: A qualitative phenomenological study
Authors: Munger Meghan E. , Cady Rhonda G. , Shippee Nathan D. , Beebe Timothy J. , Novacheck Tom F. , Virnig Beth A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate non‐clinical factors that affect health‐related decision‐making in mothers with young ambulatory children living with cerebral palsy (CP).MethodGuided by phenomenology, we asked parents to describe early experiences of raising a young ambulatory child living with CP. Conversations were audio‐recorded, transcribed, coded, and analysed using a qualitative inductive approach.ResultsEighteen parents (all mothers) of 20 children participated. Five themes emerged related to decision‐making, each influencing goal setting, prioritization, and health service use. Mothers had to balance both child and family well‐being. Acceptance of their child's diagnosis and abilities changed over time, partially influenced by their child's emerging voice. Uncertainty arose when weighing multiple factors regarding child, family, and what the future held. Experiences were laden with system‐level burdens related to underinsurance and care coordination. Themes regularly overlapped and persisted.InterpretationOur findings highlight the complexity of the decision‐making experienced by mothers of young ambulatory children living with CP. Probing this information can inform appropriate shared care planning that meets the preferences and circumstances of mothers and their families.
The temporal distribution of endophytic and exophytic insect guilds responds to host plant phenology in the Brazilian Savannah
Authors: Sousa‐Lopes Bruno De , Del‐Claro Kleber 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Niche theory predicts high specialisation in species‐rich environments such as neotropics, where plant‐herbivore interactions are ubiquitous in all terrestrial systems. However, there is much to be explored on how different insect guilds respond to plant phenology in these specialised environments.
Using a Fabaceae‐herbivore community as an ecological model, we evaluated how plant phenology affects the abundance and shapes the temporal distribution of exophytic (folivore chewers) and endophytic (seed chewers) insects. We tested the specialisation hypothesis, predicting insect species on only one or a few host plants, with a seasonal pattern of occurrence, many rare and few abundant species. Additionally, we analysed the relationship between plant phenology and environmental factors (temperature and precipitation). We conducted fieldwork with five species and 97 individuals of Fabaceae in Brazilian Savannah and performed an insect‐rearing study in the laboratory.
We found an immediately synchronised relationship between endophytic insects and plant phenology in the dry season, whereas exophytic were throughout the year. Only six species from the exophytic guild, out of a total of 87 species for both guilds, fed on more than one host plant, showing a specialised network. Endophytic herbivores are more abundant, ephemeral and predictable than exophytic ones. We also found a negative relationship between fruiting and precipitation and a positive relationship between new leaves and temperature and precipitation.
Our study shows that the temporal distribution of insect‐herbivore guilds responds to plant phenology. In a scenario of global warming with effects on the annual precipitation, endophytic insects are most vulnerable to local extinction due to temporal changes in plant phenology than the exophytic ones.
Pramipexole, a D3 receptor agonist, increases cortical gamma power and biochemical correlates of cortical excitation; implications for mood disorders
Authors: Gilbert Karli F. , Amontree Matthew , Deasy Samantha , Ma Junfeng , Conant Katherine 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMajor depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with deficits in working memory as well as underlying gamma oscillation power. Consistent with this, overall reductions in cortical excitation have also been described with MDD. In previous work, we have demonstrated that the monoamine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine increases gamma oscillation power in ex vivo hippocampal slices and that this is associated with concomitant increases in pyramidal arbour and reduced levels of plasticity‐restricting perineuronal nets (PNNs). In the present study, we have examined the effects of chronic treatment with pramipexole (PPX), a D3 dopamine receptor agonist, for its effects on gamma oscillation power as measured by in vivo electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in female BALB/c and C57Bl6 mice. We observe a modest but significant increase in 20–50 Hz gamma power with PPX in both strains. Additionally, biochemical analysis of prefrontal cortex lysates from PPX‐treated BALB/c mice shows a number of changes that could contribute to, or follow from, increased pyramidal excitability and/or gamma power. PPX‐associated changes include reduced levels of specific PNN components as well as tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteases‐1 (TIMP‐1), which inhibits long‐term potentiation of synaptic transmission. Consistent with its effects on gamma power, PNN proteins and TIMP‐1, chronic PPX treatment also improves working memory and reduces anhedonia. Together these results add to an emerging literature linking extracellular matrix and/or gamma oscillation power to both mood and cognition.
Spruce and pine utilization of phosphorus in soil amended with 33P‐labelled hydroxylapatite
Authors: Rütting Louise , Hofmann Diana , Pütz Thomas , Konrad‐Schmolke Matthias , Bol Roland 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMined rock phosphate is expected to become a scarce resource within the next few decades as global phosphorus (P) deposits are declining. As a result, mineral P fertilizer will be less available and more expensive. Therefore, improved knowledge is needed on other P resources, for example, apatite fertilizers derived from the by‐products of iron mining. Forestry is a potential future consumer of apatite‐rich products with the aim of obtaining more wood per hectare. The actual P availability in apatite to plants has so far been barely quantified. We therefore examined tree P uptake using 33P apatite under chamber‐grown and outdoor conditions. We examined the P uptake for the two main conifer species spruce (Picea abies) and pine (Pinus sylvestris) used in Fenno‐Scandinavian forestry. We synthesized 33P‐enriched apatite and applied it to mesocosms with growing seedlings of spruce and pine. The P uptake from 33P‐labelled hydroxylapatite was subsequently traced by (bio)imaging of radioactivity in the plants and by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) upon destructive harvest in all plant fractions (leaves, stem and roots) and rhizosphere soil. Two climatic conditions were compared, one at natural outdoor conditions and one set as 5°C warmer than the climate record from the previous years. Plant P uptake from 33P‐labelled hydroxylapatite was enhanced in chamber‐grown compared with outdoor seedlings for both tree species. This uptake was manifested in the clear radioactive images obtained over ca. 1 month after soil apatite application. Furthermore, all aboveground plant fractions of both spruce and pine seedlings showed a higher P uptake in warmer than colder daytime environments. The observed quantities and rates of P uptake from 33P‐labelled hydroxylapatite by spruce (18 Bq g−1 hour−1) and pine (83 Bq g−1 hour−1; averages in chamber condition) are as to our knowledge unique observations. Natural forest soils in Sweden are often P‐poor. Our research suggests that apatite‐based P fertilization of spruce and pine forests can increase wood production by overcoming any existing P limitation.
Long‐Term Alpine Plant Responses to Global Change Drivers Depend on Functional Traits
Authors: Henn Jonathan J. , Anderson Kurt E. , Brigham Laurel M. , Bueno de Mesquita Clifton P. , Collins Courtney G. , Elmendorf Sarah C. , Green Matthew D. , Huxley Jared D. , Rafferty Nicole E. , Rose‐Person Annika , Spasojevic Marko J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTForecasting plant responses under global change is a critical but challenging endeavour. Despite seemingly idiosyncratic responses of species to global change, greater generalisation of ‘winners’ and ‘losers’ may emerge from considering how species functional traits influence responses and how these responses scale to the community level. Here, we synthesised six long‐term global change experiments combined with locally measured functional traits. We quantified the change in abundance and probability of establishment through time for 70 alpine plant species and then assessed if leaf and stature traits were predictive of species and community responses across nitrogen addition, snow addition and warming treatments. Overall, we found that plants with more resource‐acquisitive trait strategies increased in abundance but each global change factor was related to different functional strategies. Nitrogen addition favoured species with lower leaf nitrogen, snow addition favoured species with cheaply constructed leaves and warming showed few consistent trends. Community‐weighted mean changes in trait values in response to nitrogen addition, snow addition and warming were often different from species‐specific trait effects on abundance and establishment, reflecting in part the responses and traits of dominant species. Together, these results highlight that the effects of traits can differ by scale and response of interest.
Exogenous ketones exert antiseizure effects and modulate the gut microbiome and mycobiome in a clinically relevant murine model of epilepsy
Authors: Mu Chunlong , Kesler Mitchell , Chen Xingyu , Shearer Jane , Teskey G. Campbell , Rho Jong M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveDespite growing interest in the potential use of exogenous ketones for the treatment of epilepsy, their impact on seizures and the gut microbiome and mycobiome remain unclear.MethodsHere, we examined the effects of both oral gavage and subcutaneous (SC) injection of a ketone ester (KE) in spontaneously epileptic Kcna1‐null (KO) mice that model seminal aspects of human temporal lobe epilepsy. Electroencephalographic recordings and biochemical analyses were performed in KE‐treated KO mice. Fecal microbial and fungal communities were profiled to determine whether the antiseizure activity of KE involves changes in the gut microbiome.ResultsWe found that exogenous KE administration by SC injection was more effective than oral gavage in terms of rendering antiseizure effects while generating similar degrees of ketonemia. However, reductions in mean daily seizure counts were accompanied by overall alterations in the fecal bacterial microbiome. Either oral or SC injection imposed a greater impact on the microbiome in male than female mice. In males, oral KE decreased Bacteroidota phylum and genera of Ligilactobacillus and Muribaculaceae, whereas SC injection decreased Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Lachnospiraceae. The fecal mycobiome was affected by KE injection to a greater degree than by oral gavage, and more in females than in males, as reflected by an increase in Ascomycota and Saccharomyces. Correlation analysis between microbiome and seizure counts revealed that in mice receiving KE injection, the seizure count was positively correlated with an amplicon sequencing variant of Lactobacillus (Spearman rho = .64, p = .03) and tended toward a negative correlation with Saccharomyces (Spearman rho = −.57, p = .057).SignificanceOur findings demonstrate that exogenous ketone administration alone can induce antiseizure effects equally via different routes of administration, and that they induce differential shifts in both the bacterial microbiome and mycobiome.
Cooperative and Solitary Mobbing to Defend Offspring in Wild Gray Mouse Lemurs, Microcebus murinus
Authors: Engelhardt Sacha C. , Fichtel Claudia , Kappeler Peter M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGray mouse lemur, Microcebus murinus, mothers either cooperatively breed plurally with kin or breed solitarily. We describe the first observations of cooperative and solitary mobbing to defend offspring by wild cooperative breeding gray mouse lemur mothers in Kirindy Forest, Western Madagascar. We observed four groups of cooperatively breeding mothers and their offspring daily between 18:00 and 04:00 from January 1 to 15, 2023. Cooperative mobbing was observed twice, and solitary mobbing by a single cooperative breeding mother was observed once. There was one Malagasy tree boa, Sanzinia madagascariensis, per mobbing event. Mothers solitarily mobbed by directly approaching within 1 m of the boa, walking and changing distance while within 1 m of the boa. In addition to the solitary mobbing behaviors, cooperatively mobbing mothers approached the boa together from the same or different directions or alternated, and they gathered around the boa. Mothers collaborated in the context of offspring defense from predators and performed different complementary tasks: mobbing while another provided alloparental care by guarding the offspring of the association, that is, babysitting. Mothers performed similar mobbing behaviors and occasionally synchronized in time or coordinate in time and in space to approach from different directions and gather around the boa. Mothers did not come in contact with the boas during mobbing but kept a distance of at least 20 cm. On two mobbing events, the boa rose up with its head facing the mobbing mothers and climbed down the tree after the mobbing. Cooperative mobbing to defend offspring likely evolved by kin selection but reciprocity and an interaction between kin selection and reciprocity cannot be ruled out, since gray mouse lemur mothers cooperatively breed with kin and basically allonurse reciprocally.
Non‐Native Invasive Fish Species (NIFS) in Inland Waters of India: Management Issues, Strategies and Suggestions
Authors: Singh Atul K. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn India, there are 626 non‐native invasive fish species (NIFS), with 16 becoming invasive in inland waters, adversely impacting native biodiversity, and fisheries by altering the abundance of NIFS in commercial catches. Scientific findings highlight that the movement of NIFS interacts with agricultural activities and the evolving environment, facilitating their spread and establishment. The scenario of NIFS invasion disrupts biological communities, ecosystem services and fisherfolk livelihoods. Despite the implementation of existed guidelines, issues related to NIFS have persisted and escalated over time scale putting increased pressure on indigenous aquatic biological resources in inland waters. This paper suggests the need of framing a new management plans, guidelines and regulatory policies to control NIFS invasions, protecting riverine fish biodiversity and ecosystem services. Proposed management strategies include functional response (FR) and adaptive response (AR)‐based approaches, which are discussed to address NIFS management in inland waters.
Degradation of alkali‐activated Fe‐rich slag in magnesium sulfate solution
Authors: Wen Nana , Hallet Vincent , Peys Arne , Pontikes Yiannis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe potential of Fe‐rich non‐ferrous metallurgical slag (NFMS) in alkali‐activated materials has been demonstrated, exhibiting promising mechanical strength and fire resistance. However, the durability of alkali‐activated NFMS (AA‐NFMS) in terms of sulfate salt resistance remains unexplored. Additionally, the variability in the chemical composition of NFMS presents challenges in directly assessing the durability of AA‐NFMS. This study investigates the interplay between the Ca/Si and Mg/Ca ratios in Fe‐rich NFMS and the resulting MgSO4 resistance of the AA‐NFMS made thereof. To do so, mass change and compressive strength retention were monitored for six months on AA‐NFMS immersed in 5 wt% MgSO4, whereas microstructure was investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The results show that the MgSO4 solution attacked selectively the reacted binder matrix of AA‐NFMS rather than the unreacted slag. The corrosion primarily occurs at the sulfate exposure surface of AA‐NFMS, forming a dense, thin layer of Mg(OH)2, which acts as a barrier and impedes further attack. Dissolution of Ca is the most pronounced among the major elements (Ca, Fe, Al, and Si) in the NFMS. The mass of the specimens increased linearly with the initial Ca content. The medium Ca concentration (∼10%) retained the highest strength.
Na+ conductivity of (100−x)Na3PS4−xCa3N2 glass and glass−ceramics
Authors: Tu Tran Anh , Nguyet Nguyen Thi Minh , Toan Tran Viet , Anh Luu Tuan , Anh Luong Thi Quynh , Phuc Nguyen Huu Huy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ionic conductivity of Na3PS4 can be improved via the aliovalent substitution of P and S as well as multivalence cation substitution of Na. Although the enhanced ionic conductivities of tetragonal and cubic Na3PS4 have been theoretically and experimentally studied, the dynamics of sodium ions in these systems have been rarely reported. In this study, (100−x)Na3PS4−xCa3N2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 10) glass samples were synthesizing using high‐energy planetary ball‐milling method. These samples were subjected to heat treatment at 280°C for 1 h in an argon atmosphere to obtain glass–ceramic samples. The structures of these samples were characterized via Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The lattice parameter and cell volume of the glass–ceramic samples strongly depended on the x value in (100−x)Na3PS4−xCa3N2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 10). Their ionic conductivities were determined via alternating current electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). 92Na3PS4−8Ca3N2 glass–ceramics exhibited an ionic conductivity of 8.14 × 10−4 Scm−1 at 25°C. Charge carrier concentration and hopping rate were extracted from the EIS data to determine the ionic conductivities of the samples. The activation energies of DC conductivity and mobile ion formation and migration were also derived from the EIS data to analyze the effect of Ca3N2 doping on the ionic conductivity of the synthesized samples.
A Pleistocene Biogeography in Miniature: The Small‐Scale Evolutionary History of Podarcis lusitanicus (Squamata, Lacertidae)
Authors: Rato Catarina , Sreelatha Lekshmi B. , Gómez‐Ramírez Fernando , Carretero Miguel A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimRecent literature is unveiling more complex responses of biodiversity to Pleistocenic climatic oscillations than those derived from initial models based solely on southern glacial macrorefugia. Here, we zoom in to delve into the genetic diversity and population structure of Podarcis lusitanicus, a lizard species native to the north‐western Iberian Peninsula.LocationNorth‐western Iberian Peninsula.TaxonPodarcis lusitanicus.MethodsUtilising a comprehensive multilocus approach, we explored the species' phylogeography and demographic history at a very fine spatial scale and timeframe. Concurrently, we evaluated both current and historical habitat suitability for the species, linking it to the observed demographic trends. We examined DNA sequences from two mitochondrial (cytb and ND4) and three nuclear genes (ACM4, MC1R and PDC) in 230 specimens collected from 21 populations spanning most of the species' distribution range.ResultsOur findings corroborate cytonuclear discordances in Podarcis, with nuclear genes failing to identify the mitochondrial clades in P. lusitanicus. Despite its separation from other Podarcis species approximately 4 million years ago, its diversification occurred much more recently, around 0.4 million years ago, resulting in three monophyletic lineages that are geographically coherent. This pattern suggests that some lineages of P. lusitanicus might have gone extinct after the split from the common ancestor. Pleistocene climatic oscillations profoundly influenced the demographic history of the species. During warmer periods, such as the Last Interglacial, populations expanded and came into secondary contact, whereas during the Last Glacial Maximum, populations contracted and became isolated in multiple micro‐refugia. The subsequent Mid‐Holocene warming facilitated population recovery, range expansion and lineage admixture.Main ConclusionsThis study underscores the intricate interplay between isolation and dispersal at a microscale, driven by Pleistocene climatic fluctuations, which have profoundly shaped the genetic structure and diversity of Iberian terrestrial biodiversity and may remain overlooked by biogeographic studies at coarser scales.
Agreement between resting heart rate measured by unattended automated office and office blood pressure measurement, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, or electrocardiography
Authors: Sobieraj Piotr , Leśniewski Mateusz , Sawicka Agnieszka , Siński Maciej , Lewandowski Jacek 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe application of unattended blood pressure measurement (uAOBPM) for resting heart rate (RHR) assessment is unknown. To assess the agreement between RHR measured during uAOBPM and other methods, the authors conducted a comparability study with office blood pressure measurement (OBPM), ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), and electrocardiogram (ECG) in a group of 110 participants referred for ABPM. RHR measured with uAOBPM (70.8 ± 12.5 bpm) was significantly lower than OBPM (72.8 ± 12.6 bpm) but higher than measured by 24 h ABPM (67.5 ± 10.2 bpm). There was no significant difference was found between RHR measured by uAOBPM and daytime ABPM (70.3 ± 11.2 bpm) or ECG (69.1 ± 11.6 bpm). Using Bland‐Altman statistics, the authors discovered a small difference in agreement between RHR measured by uAOBPM and daytime ABPM (bias: 0.4 with 95% confidence interval: ‐0.8 to 1.6 bpm), with a poorer agreement with OBPM (bias ‐2 with 95% confidence interval: ‐2.8 to ‐1.3 bpm) and ECG (bias 1.6 with 95% confidence interval: 0.5 to 2.7 bpm). The authors found significant agreement between uAOBPM and ECG in identifying subjects with RHR > 80 bpm OBPM, with Cohen's kappa coefficients of 0.783 and 0.671, respectively. Their findings indicate that RHR measured with uAOBPM remains in acceptable agreement with OBPM, ABPM, and ECG, the best agreement obtained with RHR from daytime ABPM.