bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective, age‐related autobiographical memory deficits in children with severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Lah Suncica , Gott Chloe , Parry Louise , Black Carly , Epps Adrienne , Gascoigne Michael 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesAutobiographical memory (AM) is a complex function that involves re‐experiencing of past personal events (episodic memory) scaffolded by personal facts (semantic memory). While AM is supported by a brain network and cognitive skills that are vulnerable to disruption by child traumatic brain injury (TBI), AM has not been examined in this patient population.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsParticipants included children with severe closed TBI (n = 14) and healthy control (NC) children (n = 20) of comparable age, sex, and socioeconomic status. Participants completed (1) the Child Autobiographical Interview (Willoughby et al., 2012, Front. Psychol., 3, 53), which required recall of autobiographical events and distinguished episodic (internal) from non‐episodic (external) details, and self‐rating of event phenomenological qualities, and (2) a battery of neuropsychological tests.ResultsChildren with TBI recalled significantly fewer internal details relative to NCs, but the between‐group difference was eliminated when specific probes were provided. The groups did not differ in either recall of external details or in ratings of events’ phenomenological qualities. The gap between the groups in recall of internal details increased with age, as the greater number of internal details was associated with older age in the NC group, but not in the TBI group. Poorer verbal memory and lower IQ were related to recall of fewer internal details in the TBI group.ConclusionsThis study unveils, to our knowledge for the first time, that severe child TBI is associated with a selective deficit in autobiographical memory that involves episodic, but spares semantic details, and identifies the risk factors for this impairment.
Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound Examination in Dogs with Suspected Intracranial Hypertension Caused by Neurologic Diseases
Authors: Sasaoka K. , Nakamura K. , Osuga T. , Morita T. , Yokoyama N. , Morishita K. , Sasaki N. , Ohta H. , Takiguchi M. 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundTranscranial Doppler ultrasound examination (TCD) is a rapid, noninvasive technique used to evaluate cerebral blood flow and is useful for the detection of intracranial hypertension in humans. However, the clinical usefulness of TCD in diagnosing intracranial hypertension has not been demonstrated for intracranial diseases in dogs.ObjectivesTo determine the association between the TCD variables and intracranial hypertension in dogs with intracranial diseases.AnimalsFifty client‐owned dogs with neurologic signs.MethodsCross‐sectional study. All dogs underwent TCD of the basilar artery under isoflurane anesthesia after magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Dogs were classified into 3 groups based on MRI findings: no structural diseases (group I), structural disease without MRI evidence of intracranial hypertension (group II), and structural disease with MRI evidence of intracranial hypertension (group III). The TCD vascular resistance variables (resistive index [RI], pulsatility index [PI], and the ratio of systolic to diastolic mean velocity [Sm/Dm]) were measured.ResultsFifteen, 22, and 13 dogs were classified into groups I, II, and III, respectively. Dogs in group III had significantly higher Sm/Dm (median, 1.78; range, 1.44–2.58) than those in group I (median, 1.63; range, 1.43–1.75) and group II (median, 1.62; range, 1.27–2.10). No significant differences in RI and PI were identified among groups.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur findings suggest that increased Sm/Dm is associated with MRI findings of suspected intracranial hypertension in dogs with intracranial diseases and that TCD could be a useful tool to help to diagnose intracranial hypertension.
Prevalence of post‐micturition dribble in Japanese men and its relationship with benign prostatic hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Kobayashi Ko , Fukuta Fumimasa , Masumori Naoya 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivePost‐micturition dribble (PMD) is one of the post‐micturition lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Although there have been many studies of LUTS in Japanese men, PMD is not completely understood in the Japanese population. In the present study, we investigated the prevalence and bother of PMD in Japanese men.MethodsFrom 2007 to 2008, a cross‐sectional community‐based study on LUTS was conducted in Japanese men aged 40–79 years in Shimamaki‐mura, Hokkaido, Japan. The prevalence and bother of PMD were investigated using a validated questionnaire, and prostate volume (PV) and the peak flow rate (Qmax) were measured.ResultsThe prevalence of PMD in men aged their 40s, 50s, 60s, and 70s was 13.6%, 39.0%, 44.2%, and 41.2%, respectively. PMD was not rare compared with other LUTS. The degree and bother of PMD were statistically correlated (r = 0.558, P < .001), suggesting that the presence of PMD impairs quality of life. There was no significant relationship between the prevalence of PMD and PV or Qmax.ConclusionsPMD is not rare compared with other LUTS. The presence of PMD impairs quality of life.
DAMS: A Model to Assess Domino Effects by Using Agent‐Based Modeling and Simulation
Authors: Zhang Laobing , Landucci Gabriele , Reniers Genserik , Khakzad Nima , Zhou Jianfeng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHistorical data analysis shows that escalation accidents, so‐called domino effects, have an important role in disastrous accidents in the chemical and process industries. In this study, an agent‐based modeling and simulation approach is proposed to study the propagation of domino effects in the chemical and process industries. Different from the analytical or Monte Carlo simulation approaches, which normally study the domino effect at probabilistic network levels, the agent‐based modeling technique explains the domino effects from a bottom‐up perspective. In this approach, the installations involved in a domino effect are modeled as agents whereas the interactions among the installations (e.g., by means of heat radiation) are modeled via the basic rules of the agents. Application of the developed model to several case studies demonstrates the ability of the model not only in modeling higher‐level domino effects and synergistic effects but also in accounting for temporal dependencies. The model can readily be applied to large‐scale complicated cases.
There's no place like home: 35‐year patient survival on home hemodialysis
Authors: Yu Jerry Z. , Rhee Connie M. , Ferrey Antoney , Li Alex , Jin Anna , Chang Yongen , Reddy Uttam , Lau Wei Ling , Chou Jason , Inrig Jula , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe vast majority of maintenance dialysis patients suffer from poor long‐term survival rates and lower levels of health‐related quality of life. However, home hemodialysis is a historically significant dialysis modality that has been associated with favorable outcomes as well as greater patient autonomy and control, yet only represents a small minority of the total dialysis performed in the United States. Some potential disadvantages of home hemodialysis include vascular access complications, infection‐related hospitalizations, patient fatigue, and attrition. In addition, current barriers and challenges in expanding the utilization of this modality include limited patient and provider education and technical expertise. Here we report a 65‐year old male with end‐stage renal disease due to Alport's syndrome who has undergone 35 years of uninterrupted thrice‐weekly home hemodialysis (ie, every Sunday, Tuesday, and Thursday evening, each session lasting 3 to 3¼ hours in length) using a conventional hemodialysis machine who has maintained a high functional status allowing him to work 6‐8 hours per day. The patient has been able to liberalize his dietary and fluid intake while only requiring 3‐4 liters of ultrafiltration per treatment, despite having absence of residual kidney function. Through this case of extraordinary longevity and outcomes after 35 years of dialysis and a review of the literature, we illustrate the history of home hemodialysis, its significant clinical and psychosocial advantages, as well as the barriers that hinder its widespread adaptation.
The use of next‐generation sequencing for the determination of rare blood group genotypes
Authors: Jakobsen M. A. , Dellgren C. , Sheppard C. , Yazer M. , Sprogøe U. 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYObjectivesNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) for the determination of rare blood group genotypes was tested in 72 individuals from different ethnicities.BackgroundTraditional serological‐based antigen detection methods, as well as genotyping based on specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or single nucleotide variants (SNVs), are limited to detecting only a limited number of known antigens or alleles. NGS methods do not have this limitation.MethodsNGS using Ion torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) was performed with a customised Ampliseq panel targeting 15 different blood group systems on 72 blood donors of various ethnicities (Caucasian, Hispanic, Asian, Middle Eastern and Black).ResultsBlood group genotypes for 70 of 72 samples could be obtained for 15 blood group systems in one step using the NGS assay and, for common SNPs, are consistent with previously determined genotypes using commercial SNP assays. However, particularly for the Kidd, Duffy and Lutheran blood group systems, several SNVs were detected by the NGS assay that revealed additional coding information compared to other methods. Furthermore, the NGS assay allowed for the detection of genotypes related to VEL, Knops, Gerbich, Globoside, P1PK and Landsteiner‐Wiener blood group systems.ConclusionsThe NGS assay enables a comprehensive genotype analysis of many blood group systems and is capable of detecting common and rare alleles, including alleles not currently detected by commercial assays.
High diversity of medically important gastrointestinal rodent‐borne helminths in Singapore
Authors: Mendenhall I. H. , Ch'ng L. , Neves E. S. , Borthwick S. A. , Smith G. J. D. 
Published: December 2017

SummarySmall mammals are important reservoirs of zoonotic diseases and are definitive hosts for medically important parasitic helminths. Several rodent and shrew species are peridomestic, bringing them into close contact with both humans and the intermediate hosts that maintain the transmission cycle. Here, we screened DNA extracted from large intestine tissue homogenate from 108 individuals comprised of 10 species. We detected two species known to infect humans, Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Moniliformis moniliformis. We also report the first detection of a second Angiostrongylus species in Singapore. This study demonstrates the diversity of helminths that are parasitizing the small mammals in Singapore.
Neuromuscular Responses and Physiological Changes During Small-Sided Games in Wheelchair Basketball
Authors: Iturricastillo Aitor , Yanci Javier , Granados Cristina 
Published: December 2017

The aim was to analyze the changes of physical performance and physiological responses during a high-intensity training task in wheelchair basketball (WB) players. Thirteen Spanish first division WB male players participated in this study. A test battery (change of direction ability, sprints, and sled towing) was performed to study neuromuscular responses before (pre) and after (post) the small-sided games (SSG). Furthermore, tympanic temperature and blood lactate concentration were measured before and immediately after players finished the SSG. The SSG tasks consisted in four players against four, 4 bouts of 4 min with 2 min of recovery periods. There was a 1.10% decline in performance in both 5- and 20-m sprints (p < .01; effect size [ES] ≤ 0.14), 1.82% decline in 5-m sled towing (p < .05; ES = 0.18), and 2.68% decline in 20-m sled towing (p < .01; ES = 0.27) between pre- and post-SSG. As in physical performance results, significant differences were observed between pre and post in physiological markers, with increasing tympanic temperature (36.21 ± 0.60 °C to 36.97 ± 0.59 °C; p < .001; ES = 1.27) and blood lactate concentrations (1.95 ± 1.30 mmol/L to 5.84 ± 2.04 mmol/L; p < .001; ES = 2.99) after SSG. The SSG produced a decrease in sprint and sled towing performance after 16 min of intense exercise. Moreover, the decrease in physical performance was accompanied with an increase in physiological responses. These neuromuscular responses could be similar in the real game; thus, coaching staff could benefit from this information when changing bench players.
Activity of Ceftolozane-Tazobactam against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae Isolates Collected from Respiratory Tract Specimens of Hospitalized Patients in the United States during 2013 to 2015
Authors: Castanheira Mariana , Duncan Leonard R. , Mendes Rodrigo E. , Sader Helio S. , Shortridge Dee 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

The activities of ceftolozane-tazobactam and comparator agents against organisms deemed to be the cause of pneumonia among patients hospitalized in the United States during 2013 to 2015 were evaluated. Organisms included 1,576
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and 2,362
Enterobacteriaceae
isolates susceptibility tested using reference broth microdilution methods. Ceftolozane-tazobactam, cefepime, ceftazidime, meropenem, and piperacillin-tazobactam inhibited 96.3%, 84.8%, 83.5%, 80.0%, and 78.6%, respectively, of the
P. aeruginosa
isolates. Ceftolozane-tazobactam inhibited 77.5 to 85.1% of isolates nonsusceptible to antipseudomonal β-lactams and 86.6% and 71.0% of the 372 (23.6% overall) multidrug- and 155 (9.8%) extensively drug-resistant isolates tested. The activity of this combination was greater than those of other β-lactams evaluated against
P. aeruginosa
groups across all U.S. census divisions. Ceftolozane-tazobactam was active against 90.6% of the
Enterobacteriaceae
, being less active than only meropenem (95.6% susceptible) among the β-lactams evaluated. Against 145
Escherichia coli
and
Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates carrying extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-encoding genes without carbapenemases, ceftolozane-tazobactam inhibited 82.8% of these isolates and was more active than cefepime and piperacillin-tazobactam (15.2% and 74.3% susceptible, respectively). ESBL genes included in this analysis were mainly
bla
CTX-M-15
-like (89 isolates) and
bla
CTX-M-14
-like (22) genes but also
bla
SHV
(31) and
bla
TEM
(3). Ceftolozane-tazobactam also displayed activity (84.6% susceptible) against 13 isolates harboring acquired AmpC genes. All β-lactams displayed limited activity against
bla
KPC
-carrying isolates. Ceftolozane-tazobactam was the most active β-lactam tested against
P. aeruginosa
isolates from isolates that were the probable cause of pneumonia and displayed
in vitro
activity against
Enterobacteriaceae
, including isolates resistant to cephalosporins and carrying ESBL genes.
Intrapulmonary Pharmacokinetics of Levonadifloxacin following Oral Administration of Alalevonadifloxacin to Healthy Adult Subjects
Authors: Rodvold Keith A. , Gotfried Mark H. , Chugh Rakesh , Gupta Mugdha , Yeole Ravindra , Patel Anasuya , Bhatia Ashima 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAlalevonadifloxacin (WCK 2349) is a novell-alanine ester prodrug of levonadifloxacin that is being developed as an oral fluoroquinolone antibiotic. The primary objective of this study was to determine and compare plasma, epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and alveolar macrophage (AM) concentrations of levonadifloxacin following oral administration of alalevonadifloxacin to healthy adult subjects. Levonadifloxacin concentrations in plasma, ELF, and AM samples from 30 healthy subjects were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) following oral dosing of alalevonadifloxacin (1,000 mg twice daily for 5 days). Six subjects were assigned to each bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid sampling time, i.e., 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 h after the ninth oral dose. Noncompartmental pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were determined from serial total plasma concentrations collected over a 12-h interval following the first and ninth oral doses. Penetration ratios were calculated from the areas under the concentration-time curves from 0 to 12 h (AUC0–12) for plasma, ELF, and AM by using mean (and median) concentrations at each BAL sampling time. Unbound plasma concentrations (∼85% plasma protein binding) were used to determine site-to-plasma penetration ratios. Plasma PK parameter values for levonadifloxacin were similar after the first and ninth doses. The respective AUC0–12values based on mean ELF and AM concentrations were 172.6 and 35.3 mg · h/liter, respectively. The penetration ratios for ELF and AM levonadifloxacin concentrations to unbound plasma levonadifloxacin concentrations were 7.66 and 1.58, respectively. Similar penetration ratios were observed with median concentrations. The observed plasma, ELF, and AM concentrations of levonadifloxacin support further studies of alalevonadifloxacin for treatment of lower respiratory tract bacterial infections caused by susceptible pathogens. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT02253342.)
Human Cytomegalovirus Tegument Protein pp65 (pUL83) Dampens Type I Interferon Production by Inactivating the DNA Sensor cGAS without Affecting STING
Authors: Biolatti Matteo , Dell'Oste Valentina , Pautasso Sara , Gugliesi Francesca , von Einem Jens , Krapp Christian , Jakobsen Martin Roelsgaard , Borgogna Cinzia , Gariglio Marisa , De Andrea Marco , Landolfo Santo 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
The innate immune response plays a pivotal role during human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) primary infection. Indeed, HCMV infection of primary fibroblasts rapidly triggers strong induction of type I interferons (IFN-I), accompanied by proinflammatory cytokine release. Here, we show that primary human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) infected with a mutant HCMV TB40/E strain unable to express UL83-encoded pp65 (v65Stop) produce significantly higher IFN-β levels than HFFs infected with the wild-type TB40/E strain or the pp65 revertant (v65Rev), suggesting that the tegument protein pp65 may dampen IFN-β production. To clarify the mechanisms through which pp65 inhibits IFN-β production, we analyzed the activation of the cGAS/STING/IRF3 axis in HFFs infected with either the wild type, the revertant v65Rev, or the pp65-deficient mutant v65Stop. We found that pp65 selectively binds to cGAS and prevents its interaction with STING, thus inactivating the signaling pathway through the cGAS/STING/IRF3 axis. Consistently, addition of exogenous cGAMP to v65Rev-infected cells triggered the production of IFN-β levels similar to those observed with v65Stop-infected cells, confirming that pp65 inactivation of IFN-β production occurs at the cGAS level. Notably, within the first 24 h of HCMV infection, STING undergoes proteasome degradation independently of the presence or absence of pp65. Collectively, our data provide mechanistic insights into the interplay between HCMV pp65 and cGAS, leading to subsequent immune evasion by this prominent DNA virus.

IMPORTANCE
Primary human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) produce type I IFN (IFN-I) when infected with HCMV. However, we observed significantly higher IFN-β levels when HFFs were infected with HCMV that was unable to express UL83-encoded pp65 (v65Stop), suggesting that pp65 (pUL83) may constitute a viral evasion factor. This study demonstrates that the HCMV tegument protein pp65 inhibits IFN-β production by binding and inactivating cGAS early during infection. In addition, this inhibitory activity specifically targets cGAS, since it can be bypassed via the addition of exogenous cGAMP, even in the presence of pp65. Notably, STING proteasome-mediated degradation was observed in both the presence and absence of pp65. Collectively, our data underscore the important role of the tegument protein pp65 as a critical molecular hub in HCMV's evasion strategy against the innate immune response.
Emerging Alphaviruses Are Sensitive to Cellular States Induced by a Novel Small-Molecule Agonist of the STING Pathway
Authors: Gall Bryan , Pryke Kara , Abraham Jinu , Mizuno Nobuyo , Botto Sara , Sali Tina M. , Broeckel Rebecca , Haese Nicole , Nilsen Aaron , Placzek Andrew , Morrison Thomas , Heise Mark , Streblow Daniel , DeFilippis Victor 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe type I interferon (IFN) system represents an essential innate immune response that renders cells resistant to virus growth via the molecular actions of IFN-induced effector proteins. IFN-mediated cellular states inhibit growth of numerous and diverse virus types, including those of known pathogenicity as well as potentially emerging agents. As such, targeted pharmacologic activation of the IFN response may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent infection or spread of clinically impactful viruses. In light of this, we employed a high-throughput screen to identify small molecules capable of permeating the cell and of activating IFN-dependent signaling processes. Here we report the identification and characterization ofN-(methylcarbamoyl)-2-{[5-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]sulfanyl}-2-phenylacetamide (referred to as C11), a novel compound capable of inducing IFN secretion from human cells. Using reverse genetics-based loss-of-function assays, we show that C11 activates the type I IFN response in a manner that requires the adaptor protein STING but not the alternative adaptors MAVS and TRIF. Importantly, treatment of cells with C11 generated a cellular state that potently blocked replication of multiple emerging alphavirus types, including chikungunya, Ross River, Venezuelan equine encephalitis, Mayaro, and O'nyong-nyong viruses. The antiviral effects of C11 were subsequently abrogated in cells lacking STING or the type I IFN receptor, indicating that they are mediated, at least predominantly, by way of STING-mediated IFN secretion and subsequent autocrine/paracrine signaling. This work also allowed characterization of differential antiviral roles of innate immune signaling adaptors and IFN-mediated responses and identified MAVS as being crucial to cellular resistance to alphavirus infection.IMPORTANCEDue to the increase in emerging arthropod-borne viruses, such as chikungunya virus, that lack FDA-approved therapeutics and vaccines, it is important to better understand the signaling pathways that lead to clearance of virus. Here we show that C11 treatment makes human cells refractory to replication of a number of these viruses, which supports its value in increasing our understanding of the immune response and viral pathogenesis required to establish host infection. We also show that C11 depends on signaling through STING to produce antiviral type I interferon, which further supports its potential as a therapeutic drug or research tool.