bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Lung Tissue‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Using Multiple Dissociation Methods for Profiling Protein Biomarkers
Authors: Han Yue , Ye Meng , Ye Sheng , Liu Bowen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTExtracellular vesicles (EVs) operate as chemical messengers that facilitate intercellular communication. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that lung tissue‐derived EVs play pivotal roles in pulmonary physiological processes and have potential as biomarkers and therapeutics for lung diseases. Multiple methods have been proposed for the isolation of lung tissue‐derived EVs. However, the effects of different tissue pre‐treatments on lung EV isolation and subsequent disease biomarker discovery have not yet been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we compared the physical characteristics, recovery yields, and protein compositions of EVs isolated from lung tissues using three methods based on different tissue dissociation principles. Methodologically, the beneficial roles of blood perfusion and gentle meshing were emphasized based on their impact on EV yield and purity. These results demonstrate that different methods enrich distinct subpopulations of EVs that exhibit significant differences in their protein cargo and surface properties. These disparities directly affect the diagnostic detection of marker proteins related to lung diseases, including lung tumors, asthma, and pulmonary fibrosis. Collectively, these findings highlight the variations in EV characteristics resulting from the applied approaches and offer compelling suggestions for guiding researchers in selecting a suitable isolation method based on downstream functional studies and clinical applications.
Optimizing Conditions of Polyethylene Glycol Precipitation for Exosomes Isolation From MSCs Culture Media for Regenerative Treatment
Authors: Yu Junjun , Huang Daqiang , Liu Hanwen , Cai Haibo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMesenchymal stem cell (MSC)‐derived exosomes, as a cell‐free alternative to MSCs, offer enhanced safety and significant potential in regenerative medicine. However, isolating these exosomes poses a challenge, complicating their broader application. Commonly used methods like ultracentrifugation (UC) and tangential flow filtration are often impractical due to the requirement for costly instruments and ultrafiltration membranes. Additionally, the high cost of commercial kits limits their use in processing large sample volumes. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation offers a more convenient and cost‐effective alternative, but there is a critical need for optimized and standardized isolation protocols using PEG precipitation across different cell types and fluids to ensure consistent quality and yield. In this work, we optimized the PEG precipitation method for exosomes isolation and compared its effectiveness to two commonly used methods: UC and commercial exosome isolation kits (ExoQuick). The recovery rate of the optimized PEG method (about 61.74%) was comparable to that of the commercial ExoQuick kit (about 62.19%), which was significantly higher than UC (about 45.80%). Exosome cargo analysis validated no significant differences in miRNA and protein profiles associated with the proliferation and migration of exosomes isolated by UC and PEG precipitation, which was confirmed by gap closure and CCK8 assays. These findings suggest that PEG‐based exosomes isolation could be a highly efficient and high‐quality method and may facilitate the development of exosome‐based therapies for regenerative medicine.
Principles of lipid nanoparticle design for mRNA delivery
Authors: Zhang Yiran , Zhang Xinyue , Gao Yongsheng , Liu Shuai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractmRNA therapeutics have significantly evolved within the life sciences, particularly in applications such as vaccines, tumor immunotherapy, protein replacement, gene editing, and monoclonal antibody therapy. To fully realize the potential of mRNA drugs and mitigate the adverse effects, substantial vector materials have been developed for delivery of these pharmaceutical agents. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent the most clinically advanced mRNA carriers, recognized by U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved mRNA vaccines and numerous clinical trials. Diverse therapeutic applications necessitate tailored design of LNPs. Herein, we outline the principles of LNP design for mRNA delivery, focusing specifically on their effectiveness, targeting capabilities, safety profiles, and nanoparticle stability. Additionally, we present the latest advancements in mRNA‐LNP technology. This review aims to elucidate the benefits and design principles of LNP delivery systems for mRNA therapeutics, providing insights into breakthroughs and innovative ideas for further enhancing these advantages. These summaries are dedicated to promoting the broader applications of LNP‐mRNA drugs, aiming to advance the treatment of serious diseases in an effective and safe manner.
Color and brightness at work: Shedding some light on mind wandering
Authors: Soltanzadeh Soodabeh , Chitsaz Shaghayegh , Kazemi Reza 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionOccupational hazards are partly caused by the physical factors of the work environment, among which are ambient color and brightness, which can interfere with cognitive performance. Especially in modern work environments, performance relies heavily on cognitive functions such as attention, and an important factor in disrupting sustained attention is mind wandering (MW). This study aimed to investigate the effects of white and blue colors with two brightness levels on sustained attention and brain electrophysiology.MethodsA total of 20 participants were exposed to 4 different conditions (white and blue as color and 300 and 800 lx as the brightness level) in separate blocks in a virtual reality environment in which a continuous performance test (CPT) was performed.ResultsThe high brightness blue condition induced significant changes in sustained attention. MW network analysis showed a significant decrease in delta frequency band in the blue color condition with high brightness and beta decrease in the blue color condition with low brightness, whereas the activity of MW network increased when exposed to the white color condition.ConclusionHigh‐brightness blue light resulted in better sustained attention and decreased activity of MW‐related neural regions. It is thus recommended that these results be taken into consideration in the interior design of educational settings and cars among other environments that require a high level and maintenance of cognitive functions, especially sustained attention.
Influences of quality of maternal care and environmental enrichment on associative memory function in rats with early life lead exposure
Authors: Schneider Jay S. , Williams Courtney , Zafar Shamaila , Joo Jaehyun , Himes Blanca. E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionChildren in low socioeconomic status (SES) communities are at higher risk of exposure to lead (Pb) and potentially more severe adverse outcomes from Pb exposures. While the factors encompassing SES are complex, low SES households often have less enriching home environments and parent–child interactions. This study investigated the extent to which environmental/behavioral factors (quality of maternal care and richness of the postnatal environment) may modify adverse effects from Pb exposure.MethodsLong‐Evans female rats were randomly assigned to Control (no Pb), Early Postnatal (EPN: birth through weaning), or Perinatal (PERI: 14 days pre‐mating through weaning) Pb exposure groups. From postnatal days (PNDs) 2–9, maternal care behaviors were observed, and dams were classified as low or high maternal care based on amounts of licking/grooming and arched back nursing. At weaning, pups were randomly assigned to enriched or non‐enriched environments. At PND 55, animals began trace fear conditioning and associative memory was tested on days 1, 2, and 10 postconditioning.ResultsControl offspring showed no significant effects of maternal care or enrichment on task performance. Females with EPN‐Pb exposure and males with PERI‐Pb exposure living in the non‐enriched environment and having an LMC mother had significant memory impairments at days 2 and 10 that were not observed in comparably housed animals with HMC mothers. Enriched animals had no deficits, regardless of maternal care status.ConclusionThese results show the potential for modulatory influences of maternal care and housing environment on protecting against or reversing at least one aspect of Pb‐induced cognitive/behavioral dysfunction.
Transcriptome analysis of rats with chronic unpredictable mild stress treated with electroacupuncture
Authors: Chang Xiaoli , Wang Ying , Hou Yi , Cheng Weilu , Chen Shaozong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundDepression remains one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders, with many patients not responding adequately to available treatments. Electroacupuncture (EA), a nonpharmacologic therapy, holds great promise for alleviating depressive symptoms. In this study, RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) was used to identify genome‐wide alterations in the hippocampus of rats after chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and EA treatments to further elucidate the mechanism by which EA ameliorates depression to provide a basis for the clinical application of EA in stress‐related diseases.MethodsThe sucrose preference test (SPT), open field test (OFT), and forced swimming test (FST) were used to investigate the ability of EA atBaihui(GV20) andTaichongacupoints (LR3) to improve depression‐like behavior in rats subjected to CUMS. Subsequently, RNA‐Seq analysis revealed transcriptomic profiles of the hippocampus of rats subjected to CUMS in which EA ameliorated depressive behavior. Finally, the expression profiles of major differentially expressed genes were tested by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) to determine the accuracy of the RNA‐Seq results.ResultsRats subjected to CUMS exhibited depressive‐like behaviors, such as decreased sucrose consumption in the SPT (p < .001), decreased time in the central area of the OFT (p < .001), and increased immobility in the FST (p < .01). Importantly, rats subjected to CUMS and treated with EA showed increased sucrose consumption (p < .001), increased time spent in the central area of the OFT (p < .001) and decreased immobility in the FST (p < .01). Sixty‐three genes that were differentially expressed following CUMS were altered by EA; most of these were associated with immune pathways. Compared with those in the control group, the expression levels of Colla2 (p < .001), Col3a1 (p < .001), Psmb9 (p < .01), and Tap1 (p < .01) in the hippocampus of rats subjected to CUMS were lower. The changes in the expression of these genes were reversed by EA treatment.ConclusionEA at GV20 and LR3 attenuated CUMS‐induced depression‐like behaviors by regulating the expression of specific genes such as Colla2, Col3a1, Psmb9, and Tap1.
Highly Efficient Detection of Pd2+ in Aqueous Medium by an Elusive Mn(II) Coordination Polymer
Authors: Shit Manik , Mahapatra Manas , Sepay Nayim , Sinha Chittaranjan , Dutta Basudeb , Hedayetullah Mir Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHerein, we report the synthesis of a Mn(II)‐based coordination polymer (CP); and its structure, phase consistency and thermal stability have been established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SCXRD), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) and thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA) respectively. This is the first example of paramgnetic Mn(II)‐based CP that acts as pH‐dependent emitting material [λem=525 nm (pH=2.0–4.0) and 450 nm (pH=5.0–12.0)]. Its emission is quenched by Pd2+ in aqueous medium in presence of other thirteen cations with reasonably low pH‐dependent limits of detection (LODs) [21.178 ppb (pH=3), 15.005 ppb (pH=7.0) and 59.940 ppb (pH=10.0)] as described by well‐established mechanism. Therefore, urgency of such stable sensor remains high in regard to the environmental pollution.
Tuning the Stability and Kinetics of Dioxazaborocanes
Authors: Barthelmes Kevin , Yaginuma Keiichiro , Matsumoto Akira 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigated the equilibrium reaction of boronic acid (BA), diethanolamines (DEA), and 1,3,6,2‐dioxazaborocanes (DOAB) in aqueous solutions, both theoretically and experimentally. Our findings show that the association constant can be adjusted by substituting BA and DEA derivatives, ranging from 100 to 103 M−1, exhibiting a bell‐shaped pH dependency. The highest stability was achieved when the pKa values of DEA and BA were closely matched. This approach enabled the preparation of a highly stable DOAB under physiological conditions. Furthermore, the hydrolysis kinetics of DOABs were controllable over a range of five orders of magnitude based on the substituent's steric effect. In the slowest case, this resulted in quasi‐static stability with only 1 % cleavage in the first hour, followed by a week‐long cleavage period to reach equilibrium. These insights could establish a unique chemistry platform for designing scheduled cleavability on a day‐to‐week timescale, relevant to protein engineering, immunotherapy, and other smart drug delivery applications.
Effect of electromagnetic middle‐ear implant simulating sites on the stapes spatial motion: A finite element analysis
Authors: Zhang Yixiang , Liu Houguang , Zhou Lei , Yang Jianhua , Liu Wen , Yang Shanguo , Huang Xinsheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe electromagnetic middle‐ear implant (MEI) is a new type of hearing device for addressing sensorineural and mixed hearing loss. The hearing compensation effect of the MEI varies depending on the transducer stimulation sites. This paper investigates the impact of transducer stimulation sites on MEI performance by analyzing stapes spatial motion. Firstly, we constructed a human‐ear finite element model based on micro‐CT scanning and inverse molding techniques. This model was validated by comparing its predictions of stapes spatial motion and cochlear response with experimental data. Then, stimulation force was applied at four common sites: umbo, incus body, incus long process and stapes to simulate the electromagnetic transducer. Results show that at low and middle frequencies, stapes‐stimulating and incus‐long‐process‐stimulating produce similar spatial motion to normal hearing; at high frequencies, incus‐body‐stimulating produces similar results to normal hearing. The equivalent sound pressure level generated by the stapes piston motion is less sensitive to the stimulation direction than that deduced by the stapes rocking motion.
Characterization of Elastic Constants of Langatate Single Crystals with 32 Symmetry Using Ultrasonic Pulse‐Echo Technique
Authors: Chen Chuanwen , Qin Lei , Su Maoxin , Xiang Yang , Tang Liguo , Xiong Kainan , Wu Kechen , Tu Xiaoniu , Luo Wenyu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, the propagation of plane waves in the lanthanum gallium tantalate (langatate, LGT) single crystals is investigated. Moreover, the flight time of different waves in the LGT rectangular parallelepiped sample is measured using the ultrasonic pulse‐echo (UPE) technique, and the elastic constants of the LGT sample are determined. The experimental results clearly show echoes corresponding to the longitudinal and transverse waves along the x‐axis. The waves along the z‐axis have a similar property. However, the waves along the y‐axis are more complex than those along the x‐ and z‐axes. The echoes corresponding to the quasi‐longitudinal waves along the y‐axis are clear, but those corresponding to the transverse and quasi‐transverse waves along the y‐axis are not. The elastic constant can be accurately determined if the wave echoes corresponding to this constant propagate without distinct distortion and are clear; otherwise, it may be impossible to accurately determine the constant using UPE. All elastic constants except of the LGT single crystals can be determined using UPE from one sample. This study uses UPE to provide a reference for the characterization of elastic constants of piezoelectric crystals with 32 symmetry from one sample.
Enhanced Production of Furfural via Methanolysis of Wood Biomass with HCl Gas
Authors: Topias Kilpinen A. , Yousefi Neptun , Kontturi Eero 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study explores the production of furfural, xylose and methylxylosides through the methanolysis of wood flour using anhydrous HCl gas. The process involves methanolysis of wood flour with HCl gas under pressure to generate methylxylosides, which are subsequently converted to xylose and furfural via autohydrolysis in a Parr batch reactor system. The methanolysis was conducted in temperature‐controlled HCl gas reactor employing 24 h reaction time and 50 % methanol content in wood flour. During the methanolysis step with HCl gas, 65 % of the available xylan in wood flour was converted to water‐soluble methylxylosides, xylose, xylooligosaccharides (XO) and water‐soluble methyl xylooligosaccharides (MXO). Methanolysis filtrates were then autohydrolyzed with Parr 50 mL batch reactor system to xylose and furfural in two different pH values at 180 °C. The highest furfural yield of 91 % from methanolysis filtrate was achieved with pH 1.2 and 25 min reaction time.
Facile Synthesis of a Layered Bismuth‐Based MOF With Superhydrophobic–Oleophilic Property and High Oil–Water Separation Performance
Authors: Zhang Caiyun , Song Jia , Lin Lingtong , Zhang Honggang , Liu Yuanyuan , Wang Zeyan , Wang Peng , Zheng Zhaoke , Cheng Hefeng , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetal organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of potential superhydrophobic–oleophilic materials. The organic ligands in superhydrophobic MOFs usually contain long alkyl chains, fluorine groups or aromatic rings with large π conjugation, the preparation of which suffers from high cost, complex operation and so on. In addition, the topological structure of MOFs plays an important role in the hydrophobicity, which may be ignored previously. Here we report a superhydrophobic–oleophilic MOF (BiPPA2) obtained by a facile and fast method, which not only displays a large water contact angle of up to 163° and a small sliding angle of nearly equal to 0°, but also exhibits high sorption capacity for multiple oils and organic solvents, well reusability and high oil retention. In addition, BiPPA2 is stable in a wide pH range (0.5–11.0). Finally, the single crystal structure of BiPPA2 is resolved to reveal the intrinsic reason for the super‐hydrophobicity. This work may inspire the further design of pristine superhydrophobic MOFs based on a simple method, which enriches the family of superhydrophobic MOFs and has great significance for practical applications.
Iron and Nickel Substituted Perovskite Cobaltites for Sustainable Oxygen Evolving Anodes in Alkaline Environment
Authors: Petlund Henrik , Faid Alaa , Zhu Junjie , Pokle Anuj , Norby Truls , Sunde Svein , Chatzitakis Athanasios 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPerovskite oxides have great flexibility in their elemental composition, which is accompanied by large adjustability in their electronic properties. Herein, we synthesized twelve perovskite oxide‐based catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. The catalysts are based on the parent oxide perovskite Ba0.5Gd0.8La0.7Co2O6‐δ (BGLC587) and are synthesized through the sol‐gel citrate synthesis route. To reduce the demand on cobalt (Co), but also increase the intrinsic catalytic activity of BGLC587 for the OER, we substitute Co on the B‐site with certain amounts of Fe and Ni, synthesizing catalysts of the general formula Ba0.5Gd0.8La0.7Co2‐x‐yFexNiyO6‐δ. A plethora of physicochemical and electrochemical methods suggest that an Fe content between 30 % and 70 % increases the intrinsic catalytic activity of BGLC587, while Tafel slopes in combination with in‐situ Raman spectroscopy suggest the rate determining step is likely a proton‐exchange reaction, progressing possibly through the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM). We apply one of the optimized, Co‐substituted perovskites in a monolithic, photovoltaic (PV)‐driven electrolysis cell and we achieve an initial solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency of 10.5 % under one sun solar simulated illumination.
CD38, CD39, and BCL2 differentiate disseminated forms of high‐grade B‐cell lymphomas in biological fluids from Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Marianini Pauline , Lacheretz‐Szablewski Vanessa , Almeras Marion , Moreaux Jérôme , Bret Caroline 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHigh‐grade B‐cell lymphomas (HGBCL) represent a heterogeneous group of very rare mature B‐cell lymphomas. The 4th revised edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues (WHO‐HAEM) previously defined two categories of HGBCL: the so‐called double‐hit (DHL) and triple‐hit (THL) lymphomas, which were related to forms harboring MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements, and HGBCL, NOS (not otherwise specified), corresponding to entities with intermediate characteristics between diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL), without rearrangement of the MYC and BCL2, and/or BCL6 genes. In the 5th edition of the WHO‐HAEM, DHL with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements or THL were reassigned as DLBCL/HGBCL with MYC and BCL2 rearrangements (DLBCL/HGBL‐MYC/BCL2), whereas the category HGBCL, NOS remains unchanged. Characterized by an aggressive clinical presentation and a poor prognosis, HGBCL is often diagnosed at an advanced, widespread stage, leading to potential disseminated forms with a leukemic presentation, or spreading to the bone marrow (BM) or other biological fluids. Flow cytometric immunophenotypic study of these disseminated cells can provide a rapid method to identify HGBCL. However, due to the scarcity of cases, only limited data about the immunophenotypic features of HGBCL by multiparametric flow cytometry are available. In addition, identification of HGBCL cells by this technique may be challenging due to clinical, pathological, and biological features that can overlap with other distinct lymphoid malignancies, including Burkitt lymphoma (BL), diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and even B acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B‐ALL). In this study, we aimed to characterize the detailed immunophenotypic portrait of HGBCL, evaluating by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) the expression of 26 markers on biological samples obtained from a cohort of 10 newly‐diagnosed cases and comparing their level of expression with normal peripheral blood (PB) B lymphocytes (n = 10 samples), tumoral cells from patients diagnosed with B‐ALL (n = 30), BL (n = 13), or DLBCL (n = 22). We then proposed a new and simple approach to rapidly distinguish disseminated forms of HGBCL, BL, and DLBCL, using the combination of MFC data for CD38, BCL2, and CD39, the three most discriminative markers explored in this study. We finally confirmed the utility of the scoring system previously proposed by Khanlari to distinguish HGBCL cells from B lymphoblasts of B‐ALL. In conclusion, we described a distinct immunophenotypic portrait of HGBCL cells and proposed a strategy to differentiate these cells from other aggressive B lymphoma entities in biological samples.