bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Regent Treatments for Black Cutworm and Rootworm Control on Corn, 1997
Authors: Wilson H. R. , Eisley J. B. , Jasinski J. R. , Young C. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Ten treatments of Regent (fipronil) using different combinations of formulations, carriers, carrier rates, and application methods were compated with a granular treatment of Counter 20 CR and an untreated check on reduced tillage continuous corn at the O ARDC Western Branch Station near South Charleston, OH. All treatments were applied at planting on 7 May to 4-row plots, 140 ft in length with 30-inch row spacing in a RCBD with four replicates per treatment. Seven liquid treatments were applied in-furrow at planting with micro-tube applicators calibrated to deliver from 2 to 12 qt of water or liquid fertilizer (10-34-0) carrier (LFC) per acre. Liquid treatments were also applied as a band application over the seed furrow, and as a pre-plant incorporated (PPI) broadcast with a broom sprayer and incorporated with roto-tillage prior to planting. Granular formulations were applied at planting with Noble granular applicators on a 2-row John Deere 7000 planter. Stand counts were taken on 100 row ft on 3 Jun and 20 Jun when corn was at the V2 and V5 stages, respectively. Observations on cutworm injury below and above ground were recorded during the initial stand count. Root damage ratings of 5 root systems per plot using the Iowa 1-6 scale were taken on 28 Jul. Plots were machine harvested 24 Oct.
Control of European Corn Borer in Whorl-Stage Corn, 1997
Authors: Witkowski John , Echtenkamp Jerry 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experimental design was RCB with 14 insecticide treatments and an untreated check replicated 4 times. Single-row plots were 50 ft in length at 30-inch spacings. Corn was no-till planted into soybean residue on 5 May. All granular insecticides were applied in a 7-inch band over the whorl with a specially designed cone-belt distributor mounted on a Hahn Hi-boy. The distributors were also mounted on the planter for the in-furrow treatment of Regent 3 G applied at planting. Liquid insecticides were applied with a backpack sprayer directing the spray solution into the whorl and calibrated to deliver 18 gpa at 30 psi. The planting time treatment of Regent 4 SC was applied in-furrow with one gpa microtubes. On 3 Jul, six black-headed ECB egg masses were placed in each whorl of 10 marked plants per plot row. Whorl treatments were applied five d later on 8 Jul. On 28 Jul, the 10 marked plants in each replicate were dissected from tassel to ground, examined and the number of corn borer cavities recorded.
Boll Worm Threshold Evaluation in Northeastern North Carolina on Bt Cotton, 1997
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 12 May in 38-inch rows at the Upper Coastal Plain Research Station near Rocky Mount. The fertility and herbicide programs followed extension recommendations for cotton in this region. Temik at 5.0 lb (AI)/acre was used at planting. Plot size was 50 ft X 6 rows with 4 replications arranged in a RCBD. The entire test was oversprayed with 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Orthene 75S to encourage bollworm establishment via destruction of beneficial arthropods. Karate IE at 0.04 lb (AI)/acre was applied to the DP-5415 and NuCOTN-33b 50% terminal bollworm egg threshold plots on 22 Aug. On 26 Aug, Karate at 0.025 lb (AI)/acre was applied as a 2nd application to the above NuCOTN-33b line at the 20% terminal egg threshold, and as the initial, and only, application to the NuCOTN-33b 3% live bollworm threshold. The final NuCOTN-33b plot never reached the 100% terminal or the 20% fruit egg threshold. All insecticide applications were applied with a backpack-type, CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.0 gpa at 50 psi with a single TX-8 Spray Systems nozzle 18 inches over the row. All treatments were evaluated for fruit damage and live larvae on 25 Aug, 4 and 26 Sep by examining 25 squares and bolls per replicate (total 100 per treatment). Plots were harvested from the middle 2 rows with a 2-row John Deere picker on 23 Oct. Seed cotton yields were converted to lb of lint cotton/acre using 40% gin turnout. All data were analyzed by ANOVA and DMRT.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides Against Thrips on Cotton, 1997
Authors: Gore J. , Russell J. S. , Adamczyk J. J. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 5 May at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station in a Gigger Gilbert silt loam. Plots consisted of 2 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 30 May with a tractor-mounted boom calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 21 psi with 80015 flat-fan noz-zles (2/row). Treatments were evaluated by randomly collecting 10 plants from each plot. Plots were sampled on 2 Jun (3 DAT), 4 Jun (5 DAT), and 6 Jun (7 DAT). Plot samples were processed with a whole plant-washing procedure. Thrips (adult and immature) were counted using a dissecting microscope.Plots received 2.49 inches of rainfall on 30 May and 0.73 inches of rainfall on 4 Jun. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated ac-cording to DMRT.
Selected Pyrethroid and Non-Pyrethroid Insecticides for Control of Cotton Bollworm on Cotton, 1997
Authors: Herbert D. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two field trials were conducted to evaluate efficacy of selected pyrethroid (Field Trial 1) and non-pyrethroid (Field Trial 2) insecticides for control of bollworm in Virginia cotton. ‘Delta and Pine Land 51’ cotton was planted 2 May at the Virginia Tech Tidewater Agric. Res. & Ext. Ctr., Suffolk, VA using a 36-inch row spacing. All treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 10 gpa at 39 psi through one TX10 hollow cone nozzle over the top of each of the 2 center rows of each plot. All applications were applied at egg threshold (based on the presence of 10 or more bollworm eggs per 100 plant terminals, or 2 or more per 100 fruit, i.e., squares or bolls) and again in 5 days. A RCB design was used with 4 replicates; plots were 4 rows by 40 ft. Boll damage was determined by sampling 25 randomly selected bolls per plot. Samples were taken at roughly weekly intervals after the second insecticide treatment until bolls were matured beyond the susceptible stage. Yield was determined by harvesting the 2 center rows of each plot (80 row ft per plot) using a commercial 2-row John Deere cotton combine. Lint values were calculated as 37% of total plot weights, assuming 63% was seed and trash. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and LSD statistical procedures.
Efficacy of Fipronil for Control of Boll Weevil, 1996
Authors: Parajulee M. N. , Slosser J. E. , Idol G. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted 25 Apr in 40-inch rows (8-row X 75-ft plots) at the Texas Agriculture Experiment Station at Chillicothe. The experimental design was a RCB with 5 insecticide treatments and a check replicated 4 times. Cotton was inspected for boll weevil damage (percentage of boll weevil damaged squares per plot) and abundance of beneficial insects (25 sweeps/plot) on 3 Jul (pre-treatment), 11, 15, and 24 Jul (post-treatments). Insecticide treatments were applied on an approximate 5-day spray schedule on 5, 12, 17, and 22 Jul. The scheduled spray date of 10 Jul had to be postponed until 12 Jul because of a heavy rain on 7 Jul. Treatments were applied with a John Deere High Cycle 6000 sprayer. Spray drops were used to provide three nozzles per row, delivering 9.7 total gallons of spray solution per acre at 40 psi.
Evaluation of Synthetic Pyrethroids, Bidrin, and Fipronil for Control of Tarnished Plant Bug, 1997
Authors: Teague T. G. , Tugwell N. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Field studies were conducted at the Cotton Branch Experiment Station in Marianna, AR to evaluate the late-season control of TPB. Cotton was planted 12 May in 8-row (38-inch centers) wide by 70-ft-long plots with 10-ft alleys and separated by a 6.5-ft non-planted buffer. The treatments were arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. The insecticides were applied 14 Aug using a 8-row CO2-charged hi-boy sprayer calibrated to deliver 9.5 gpa at 30 psi with TJ-60 8002 VS nozzles on 19-inch spacing. The numbers of TPB nymphs and adults per plot were estimated 4 DAT using 24 sweeps with one 18-inch net. Numbers of TPB 4 DAT were significantly reduced in all plots sprayed with insecticides compared with the untreated check. Control with the CS formu-lation of Karate was reduced compared with the EC formulation.
Controlling Fall Armyworm on Peanut, 1997
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Royals B. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Foliar applications of insecticides were evaluated for FAW control in Brenda County. Each plot was 20 ft by 4 rows (36-inch centers), of NC 10 variety peanuts, and plots were arranged in a RCBD with four replicates. Peanuts were grown under standard production practices in a light sandy soil. Treatments were applied on 29 Aug using a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 40 psi delivering approx. 30 gpa and using 8003 flat-fan nozzles. Conditions at time of application were sunny and 80°F. Worms were sampled 3 DAT (1 Sep) and 5 DAT (3 Sep) by taking 4 standard 3-ft beat cloth counts per plot. Pre-treatment counts on 29 Aug determined the larval population to be 6 worms per 1 standard 3-ft beat cloth sample. All instars were present at the time of sampling. Only live caterpillars were counted for analysis. All data were transformed (square root ofx + 0.05) prior to ANOVA and DNMRT.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Karate and ICIA0321 in a Dry-Seeded, Delayed Flood Culture, 1997
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont and was designed as a RCB with 10 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of fertilizer and insecticides. On 23 Apr, plots were fertilized with urea at 57 lb nitrogen/acre and hand planted with 100 lb seed/acre. Fertilizer and seed were incorporated into dry League soil with a rake. Immediately after incorporation, plots were flush irrigated (24-48 h temporary flood then drain). Rice emerged through soil on 4 May. From emergence of rice through soil to application of the permanent flood on 25 May (21 d after emergence of rich through soil), plots were flush irrigated as needed. On 19 May. plots were sprayed with Facet 75 DF at 0.5 lb/acre, crop oil concentrate at 2 pt/acre, Prowl 3.3 EC at 2 pt/acre, and Basagran at 1.5 pt/acre. Herbicides were applied by hand with a 20 ft spray rig pressurized with CO2. On the same day (6 d before application of the permanent flood), selected plots were sprayed with Karate at 0.03 lb (AI)/acre. On 22 May (3 d before application of the permanent flood), selected plots were sprayed with Karate at 0.03 lb (Al)/acre. On 23 May, plots were fertilized with urea at 57 lb nitrogen/acre. On 28 May (3 d after application of the permanent flood), selected plots were sprayed with Karate, ICIA0321 1 CS, and ICIA0321 2.09 CS at the rates shown in the table. Before postflood applications, RWW adults were active in the plots. All insecticide sprays were applied with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screens), hand-held spray rig pressurized with CO2. Final spray volume was 16.0 gpa. On 9 Jun, Furadan 3 G was applied with a hand-held shaker jar at 20 lb/acre. On 16 Jun and 10 Jul, plots were fertilized with urea at 50 and 30 lb nitrogen/acre, respectively; thus, total nitrogen applied during the growing season was 194 lb/acre. On each of 21 Jun and 9 Jul (27 and 45 d, respectively, after application of the permanent flood), five 4-inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each containing at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. At maturity, plots were harvested (18 Aug = 106 d after emergence of rice through soil) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x + 0.5 and all Jata analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and DMRT.
Evaluation of Sorghum Hybrids and Insecticide Application Timings for Management of Sorghum Midge in Grain Sorghum, 1997
Authors: Castro B. A. , Riley T. J. , Leonard B. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A commercial sorghum midge resistant hybrid (DeKalb DK-60) and a commercial sorghum midge susceptible hybrid (Pioneer 8333) were evaluated in combination with an application of a pyrethroid insecticide at different sorghum development stages to suppress sorghum midge in grain sorghum. Experiments were conducted at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station near Winnsboro, LA. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40-inch centers) X 45 ft and were planted in a Gigger-Gilbert silt loam. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. The experiment was repeated three times during the growing season. Sorghum hybrids were planted on 17 Apr, 6 May, and 3 Jun in a conventional tillage system using a John Deere 7300 planter. Karate 1 EC at 0.02 lb (AI)/acre was applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 charged system calibrated to deliver 6 gpa at 47 psi through TSX-8 nozzles (2/row) in each test. Application timing for each treatment was determined by selecting and tagging 20 plants per plot from the 2 center rows before spraying. For the 50% panicle emergence treatments, 10 of 20 tagged plants had panicles completely emerged with no open flowers. For the 20% and 50% flowering treatments, 4 of 20 and 10 of 20 tagged plants per plot, respectively, had flowering panicles. A panicle was considered to be flowering when its upper 20% portion had open spikelets. Sorghum midge damage to seed heads was evaluated in the field on 1 Aug, 20 Aug, and 13 Sep for the 17 Apr, 6 May, and 3 Jun plantings, respectively, by visually estimating the percent blasted kernels on each tagged plant. Sorghum seed yields were obtained on 19 Aug, 28 Aug, and 29 Sep, respectively for each planting date, by mechanically harvesting the 2 center rows in each plot. Sorghum midge damage data were transformed [arcsin (x/100)] prior to ANOVA and LSD. Actual means are presented in tables.
Evaluation of Soybean Looper Control Using Bacillus thuringiensis Biocides on Soybean in Louisiana, 1997
Authors: Baur M. E. , Fitzpatrick B. J. , Boethel D. J. , Micinski S. , Rabb J. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of biocides derived from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis against soybean looper was evaluated in a small-plot trial conducted at the Red River Research Station located near Bossier City, LA (Bossier Parish). Treatments were applied on 28 Aug to ‘Hartz 66’ soybeans in the R5 growth stage with a high-clearance, CO2-pressurized sprayer calibrated to deliver 5.9 gpa at 60 psi through TXVS6 hollow cone nozzles. Plots were 50 ft X 4 rows (40-inch centers) and arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. One 25-sweep sample per plot was taken with a standard 15-inch diam sweep net at 3 and 7 DAT. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and means separated by Duncan’s New MRT (DNMRT).
Tobacco Aphid Control on Burley Tobacco, 1996
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Wilkinson William B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the Southern Piedmont Agric. Res. and Ext. Cntr, Blackstone, VA to evaluate various insecticides applied as foliar, soil, transplant drench (TPD), and transplant water (TPW) treatments for control of TA on burley tobacco. Tobacco ‘NC 129BH’ was transplanted into experimental plots on 31 May. Eleven treatments and an untreated check were established in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plots, 4 X 40 ft (1 row X 24 plants), were separated by single untreated guard rows. The Temik 15 G treatment was applied in a 14-inch band and covered with 6 to 8 inches of soil at bedding on 23 May. TPW treatments were applied in 325 gpa with a Holland plunger transplanter. A CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer with an 8004E tip and operated at 20 psi was used to apply TPD treatments in 41 fl oz water to plants in 338-cell float trays 3 d before transplanting. Plants were watered to wash the Admire residue off into the media. Foliar treatments were applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 28 gpa at 60 psi through TX-12 nozzles (3 per row) on 17 Jul and 6 Aug. TA counts were made on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants per plot. Production practices followed recommendations by the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service. Tobacco was harvested and cured, and yield was determined. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated by Waller-Duncan K-ratio t-test (K = 100). TA count data were transformed to log 10 (x + 1) before analysis. Actual means are presented in the table.
Control of Tobacco Aphids with Foliar Insecticides, 1997B
Authors: Sorenson C. E. , Stephenson A. S. , Clewis S. B. , Ratz C. E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the efficacy of foliar applications of Orthene 75 SP, Provado 1.6 FL, Fulfill 50 WP, and Thiodan 3 EC against tobacco aphids in the field. Plots were established at the Central Crops Research Station, Clayton, NC, on 9 May in a field with a Norfolk loamy sand soil. Individual plots were 4 rows (1.14m apart) wide by 22 plants (ca. 13.7 m) long and were arranged in a RCB design with 5 treatments (untreated check included) and 4 blocks. Tobacco was transplanted on 9 May with a 2-row transplanter. Soil moisture was good. Treatments were applied on 16 Jul. Foliar treatments were applied using a 2-row, COz-powered backpack sprayer. Materials were applied through a single nozzle (Spraying Systems D2-33) per row at a pressure of 60 psi and 12.5 gpa. At 5 and 9 days after treatment, aphid abundance in all plots was rated on a 0-7 scale as given in the table. Using this aphid abundance data, the average aphid rating was calculated. Aphid ratings were subjected to ANOVA and WD, K = 100, was used to separate treatment means.
Grasshopper Control in Winter Wheat in Eastern South Dakota, 1997
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Boetel M. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy of Lorsban, Malathion, Scout Xtra, Spinosad, and EXP 61096A (experimental compound) to control the Migratory grasshopper, Melanoplus sanguinipes (Say) on winter wheat was tested in a cage (1 x 1 x 1.5 m). Grasshopper mortality at various rates of these compounds was compared with that observed in the untreated check cages. This experiment was replicated four times with the initial application made on 7 Aug. Climatic conditions during insecticide application included 55°C, 86% relative humidity and &lt;2 mph wind speed. All applications were made with 15 gpa using a CO2 backpack sprayer equipped with TeeJet 8002 flat fan nozzles. Immediately following the insecticide application, twenty 3rd- or 4th instar grasshoppers were placed in each treatment cage. Survival was assessed after a 72-h exposure period. If an insecticide had favorable efficacy, a subsequent reinfestation was made on 27 Aug. The reinfestation was designed to determine the residual killing action that remained on the treated wheat. On 29 Aug a final assessment of mortality was carried out for those treatments that were reinfested. All data were subjected to ANOVA, and means were compared using LSD.
Evaluation of Spinosad, Bifenthrin, Chlorpyrifos, and Experimental Formulations for Management of Black Cutworm Larvae on Creeping Bentgrass, 1997
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatment plots were 6 X 8 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times. White PVC cylinders (8-inch diam X 6 inch length) were placed in each replicate and secured in place. One cylinder was placed in each replicate per evaluation period (15 Aug, 17 Aug, and 21 Aug). Ten 0.5- to 0.75-inch black cutworm larvae were placed in each cylinder on 12 Aug. Bird netting was placed over the experimental area from 13 Aug through 17 Aug to prevent bird predation. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed-air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 363 ml of water/48 ft2 or delivering 2.0 gal/1,000 ft2. At treatment time (14 Aug), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 72° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 76° F; soil temperature at 2-inch depth, 70° F; RH, 69%; amount of thatch, 0.125 inch; soil textural class, sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 59.7% sand, 30.5% silt, 9.8% clay; soil percent water weight (percent by weight), 19.9%; organic matter, 4.6%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.9; time of application, early morning; and clear skies. A total of 1.4 inches of rainfall or irrigation was recorded from 12 Aug through 14 Aug; a total of 0.8 inch of rainfall or irrigation was recorded from 14 Aug through 17 Aug; and 1.0 inch of rainfall or irrigation was recorded from 17 Aug through 18 Aug. The area was syringed on an as needed basis from 19 Aug through 21 Aug. Efficacy data was recorded on 15 Aug, 17 Aug, and 21 Aug by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within each PVC cylinder by using a soap irritant drench.
Efficacy of Five Spinosad Formulations on Early Stages of Black Cutworm, 1997
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Lamarche Rachel , Hodgson Meggan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted at Amherst Country Club, Amherst, NH on a bentgrass nursery. The trial consisted of 7 treatments, replicated 4 times, with 3 sampling dates, in a RCB design. For each replicate, 20 third-instar larvae were placed in PVC cylinder on 19 Aug and treated on 20 Aug. The insecticides were applied using 32-oz, hand-held pump sprayers. Peak daytime surface temperatures were relatively cool during the treatment period 70-80°F). The volume of water and insecticide mixture per cylinder was 2 gal/1000ft2. Weather conditions were as follows: air temp, 68°F; sky, mostly sunny; wind, 5 mph. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 86°F; at 1-inch depth, 75°F; at 2-inch depth, 70°F; texture, loam; sand, 44%; silt, 38%; clay, 18%; moisture, 21%; organic matter, 4%. The trial was rated 1,3, and 7 DAT by applying a solution of Joy dish soap and water to each cylinder to force live larvae to the surface for counting.
Spring Mole Cricket Control on Golf Courses, 1996
Authors: Harris Joseph P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted on fairway 18 at the Jackson County Golf Course in Jackson County on the Gulf Coast of Mississippi. Soil type was a sandy clay loam. Mole crickets were adults. Experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Each replication was 2,000 ft2. Treatments were made on 30 Apr. Granular formulations were applied with a Scotts ProTurf, hand-pushed spreader. Irrigation was applied at 0.25 inch on 3, 7, 14, and 21 May during the study. All plots received 0.25 inch water within 1 h after applications. Mole cricket damage ratings were made using a 1-m2 frame divided into nine equal, square-shaped sections. The frame was placed on the ground at 10 locations/rep. The presence of mounds and tunnels was determined visually and by touch. Damage ranged from zero (no damage in any of the nine sections) to nine (nine sections contained mounds and/or tunnels). Pre-treatment counts were made on 29 Apr and post-treatment counts were made on 7, 14, 21, and 28 May.