bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial differences in microRNA and gene expression in hypertensive women
Authors: Dluzen Douglas F. , Noren Hooten Nicole , Zhang Yongqing , Kim Yoonseo , Glover Frank E. , Tajuddin Salman M. , Jacob Kimberly D. , Zonderman Alan B. , Evans Michele K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSystemic arterial hypertension is an important cause of cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. African Americans are disproportionately affected by hypertension, in fact the incidence, prevalence, and severity of hypertension is highest among African American (AA) women. Previous data suggests that differential gene expression influences individual susceptibility to selected diseases and we hypothesized that this phenomena may affect health disparities in hypertension. Transcriptional profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from AA or white, normotensive or hypertensive females identified thousands of mRNAs differentially-expressed by race and/or hypertension. Predominant gene expression differences were observed in AA hypertensive females compared to AA normotensives or white hypertensives. Since microRNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression, we profiled global microRNA expression and observed differentially-expressed microRNAs by race and/or hypertension. We identified novel mRNA-microRNA pairs potentially involved in hypertension-related pathways and differently-expressed, including MCL1/miR-20a-5p, APOL3/miR-4763-5p, PLD1/miR-4717-3p, and PLD1/miR-4709-3p. We validated gene expression levels via RT-qPCR and microRNA target validation was performed in primary endothelial cells. Altogether, we identified significant gene expression differences between AA and white female hypertensives and pinpointed novel mRNA-microRNA pairs differentially-expressed by hypertension and race. These differences may contribute to the known disparities in hypertension and may be potential targets for intervention.
Responses of the summer Asian-Pacific zonal thermal contrast and the associated evolution of atmospheric circulation to transient orbital changes during the Holocene
Authors: Xiao Dong , Zhao Ping , Wang Yue , Zhou Xiuji 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the response of large-scale atmospheric circulation over the Asian-Pacific sector and precipitation over eastern China to transient orbital changes during the Holocene summer using an intermediate-complexity climate model. Corresponding to variations in the incoming solar radiation, the eddy sea level pressure (SLP) exhibited an out-of-phase relationship between the North Pacific and the Eurasian landmass that was similar to the present-day Asia-Pacific Oscillation (APO) pattern and was defined as the paleo-APO. Its index presented an increasing trend, which implies the enhancement of a zonal thermal contrast between Asia and the North Pacific. Associated with the strengthening of the paleo-APO was the westward shift in North Pacific high pressure. Accordingly, there was less/more summer precipitation over both the middle reach of the Yangtze River and Southwest China/over North China. The high-resolution stalagmite δ18O records further support this decrease in the model precipitation. Along with the strengthening of paleo-APO from the early Holocene to the present, the eddy SLP anomalies exhibited a decreasing/increasing trend over the Eurasian landmass/the North Pacific, with a phase change of approximately 4.5 ka BP, and they both moved westward. Meanwhile, a less rainfall belt over eastern China exhibited northward propagation from southern China.
Soluble P-selectin rescues viper venom–induced mortality through anti-inflammatory properties and PSGL-1 pathway-mediated correction of hemostasis
Authors: Sun Der-Shan , Ho Pei-Hsun , Chang Hsin-Hou 
Published: October 2016

AbstractVenomous snakebites are lethal and occur frequently worldwide each year, and receiving the antivenom antibody is currently the most effective treatment. However, the specific antivenom might be unavailable in remote areas. Snakebites by Viperidae usually lead to hemorrhage and mortality if untreated. In the present study, challenges of rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) venom markedly increased the circulating soluble P-selectin (sP-sel) level, but not P-selectin (P-sel, Selp−/−) mutants, in wild-type mice. Because sP-sel enhances coagulation through the P-selectin ligand 1 (PSGL-1, Selplg) pathway to produce tissue factor–positive microparticles, we hypothesized that increasing the plasma sP-sel level can be a self-rescue response in hosts against snake venom–mediated suppression of the coagulation system. Confirming our hypothesis, our results indicated that compared with wild-type mice, Selp−/− and Selplg−/− mice were more sensitive to rattlesnake venom. Additionally, administration of recombinant sP-sel could effectively reduce the mortality rate of mice challenged with venoms from three other Viperidae snakes. The antivenom property of sP-sel is associated with improved coagulation activity in vivo. Our data suggest that the elevation of endogenous sP-sel level is a self-protective response against venom-suppressed coagulation. The administration of recombinant sP-sel may be developed as a new strategy to treat Viperidae snakebites.
Dispersing upconversion nanocrystals in a single silicon microtube
Authors: Li Hanyang , Wang Yan , Li Hui , Zhang Yundong , Yang Jun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNanocrystals of Ln3+ (Ln = Yb, Tm and Ho) doped β-NaLuF4 with average diameter about 200 nm are dispersed in silica-based microtube (MT) by a simple flame heating method. The fabricated microtube has a diameter range from 2 μm to 30 μm and lengths up to hundreds microns. The fluorescence of upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) can propagate along a single MT and couple into another MT through evanescent field. The guiding performance of the single UCNCs doped MT is measured to prove that it can be used as an active waveguide. Moreover, optical temperature sensing based on the single UCNCs-MT is also demonstrated, and the sensitivity of UCNCs-MT is significantly enough for thermometry applications in the range of 298–383 K.
Disabled-2 Determines Commitment of a Pre-adipocyte Population in Juvenile Mice
Authors: Tao Wensi , Moore Robert , Meng Yue , Yeasky Toni M. , Smith Elizabeth R. , Xu Xiang-Xi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDisabled-2 (Dab2) is a widely expressed clathrin binding endocytic adaptor protein and known for the endocytosis of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) family receptors. Dab2 also modulates endosomal Ras/MAPK (Erk1/2) activity by regulating the disassembly of Grb2/Sos1 complexes associated with clathrin-coated vesicles. We found that the most prominent phenotype of Dab2 knockout mice was their striking lean body composition under a high fat and high caloric diet, although the weight of the mutant mice was indistinguishable from wild-type littermates on a regular chow. The remarkable difference in resistance to high caloric diet-induced weight gain of the dab2-deleted mice was presented only in juvenile but not in mature mice. Investigation using Dab2-deficient embryonic fibroblasts and mesenchymal stromal cells indicated that Dab2 promoted adipogenic differentiation by modulation of MAPK (Erk1/2) activity, which otherwise suppresses adipogenesis through the phosphorylation of PPARγ. The results suggest that Dab2 is required for the excessive calorie-induced differentiation of an adipocyte progenitor cell population that is present in juvenile but depleted in mature animals. The finding provides evidence for a limited pre-adipocyte population in juvenile mammals and the requirement of Dab2 in the regulation of Ras/MAPK signal in the commitment of the precursor cells to adipose tissues.
Zebrafish as a new model to study effects of periodontal pathogens on cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Widziolek Magdalena , Prajsnar Tomasz K. , Tazzyman Simon , Stafford Graham P. , Potempa Jan , Murdoch Craig 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPorphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is a keystone pathogen in the aetiology of chronic periodontitis. However, recent evidence suggests that the bacterium is also able to enter the bloodstream, interact with host cells and tissues, and ultimately contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Here we established a novel zebrafish larvae systemic infection model showing thatPgrapidly adheres to and penetrates the zebrafish vascular endothelium causing a dose- and time-dependent mortality with associated development of pericardial oedemas and cardiac damage. Thein vivomodel was then used to probe the role ofPgexpressed gingipain proteases using systemically delivered gingipain-deficientPgmutants, which displayed significantly reduced zebrafish morbidity and mortality compared to wild-type bacteria. In addition, we used the zebrafish model to show efficacy of a gingipain inhibitor (KYT) onPg-mediated systemic disease, suggesting its potential use therapeutically. Our data reveal the first real-timein vivoevidence of intracellularPgwithin the endothelium of an infection model and establishes that gingipains are crucially linked to systemic disease and potentially contribute to CVD.
Brain white matter plasticity and functional reorganization underlying the central pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia
Authors: Tian Tian , Guo Linying , Xu Jing , Zhang Shun , Shi Jingjing , Liu Chengxia , Qin Yuanyuan , Zhu Wenzhen 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPeripheral nerve damage does not fully explain the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). Central nervous system changes can follow trigeminal nerve dysfunction. We hypothesized that brain white matter and functional connectivity changes in TN patients were involved in pain perception, modulation, the cognitive-affective system, and motor function; moreover, changes in functional reorganization were correlated with white matter alterations. Twenty left TN patients and twenty-two healthy controls were studied. Diffusion kurtosis imaging was analyzed to extract diffusion and kurtosis parameters, and functional connectivity density (FCD) mapping was used to explore the functional reorganization in the brain. In the patient group, we found lower axial kurtosis and higher axial diffusivity in tracts participated in sensory, cognitive-affective, and modulatory aspects of pain, such as the corticospinal tract, superior longitudinal fasciculus, anterior thalamic radiation, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, cingulated gyrus, forceps major and uncinate fasciculus. Patients exhibited complex FCD reorganization of hippocampus, striatum, thalamus, precentral gyrus, precuneus, prefrontal cortex and inferior parietal lobule in multiple modulatory networks that played crucial roles in pain perception, modulation, cognitive-affective system, and motor function. Further, the correlated structural-functional changes may be responsible for the persistence of long-term recurrent pain and sensory-related dysfunction in TN.
Lead chromate detected as a source of atmospheric Pb and Cr (VI) pollution
Authors: Lee Pyeong-Koo , Yu Soonyoung , Chang Hye Jung , Cho Hye Young , Kang Min-Ju , Chae Byung-Gon 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSpherical black carbon aggregates were frequently observed in dust dry deposition in Daejeon, Korea. They were tens of micrometers in diameter and presented a mixture of black carbon and several mineral phases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and selected area diffraction pattern (SADP) analyses confirmed that the aggregates were compact and included significant amounts of lead chromate (PbCrO4). The compositions and morphologies of the nanosized lead chromate particles suggest that they probably originated from traffic paint used in roads and were combined as discrete minerals with black carbon. Based on Pb isotope analysis and air-mass backward trajectories, the dust in Daejeon received a considerable input of anthropogenic pollutants from heavily industrialized Chinese cities, which implies that long-range transported aerosols containing PbCrO4 were a possible source of the lead and hexavalent chromium levels in East Asia. Lead chromate should be considered to be a source of global atmospheric Pb and Cr(VI) pollution, especially given its toxicity.
Mothers do it differently: reproductive experience alters fear extinction in female rats and women
Authors: Milligan-Saville J S , Graham B M 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFear extinction is the laboratory basis of exposure therapy for anxiety disorders. Recent findings have revealed that estradiol is necessary to the consolidation of extinction memories in females. These findings are based on studies conducted using virgin rats and young women whose reproductive history is unknown. We hypothesized that motherhood, which results in extensive endocrinological, neurobiological and behavioral changes, may lead to alterations in fear extinction in females. We used a cross-species translational approach to investigate the impact of reproductive experience on fear extinction and fear relapse in female rats (n=116) and women (n=64). Although freezing during extinction recall was associated with estrous cycle phase during extinction training in virgin rats, this association was mitigated in age-matched reproductively experienced rats, even when fear extinction occurred 3 months after pups had been weaned, and even though reproductively experienced rats exhibited attenuated serum estradiol levels. In addition, although serum estradiol levels predicted extinction recall in human women with no prior reproductive experience, no such association was found in women with children. Finally, although virgin rats displayed both renewal and reinstatement after fear extinction, these common relapse phenomena were absent in rats with reproductive experience. Together, these findings suggest that reproductive experience alters the endocrine and behavioral features of fear extinction in females long after the hormonal surges of pregnancy and lactation have diminished. These results highlight the need to incorporate both hormonal and reproductive status as important factors in current models of fear extinction in females.
Childhood adverse life events and parental psychopathology as risk factors for bipolar disorder
Authors: Bergink V , Larsen J T , Hillegers M H J , Dahl S K , Stevens H , Mortensen P B , Petersen L , Munk-Olsen T 
Published: October 2016

AbstractChildhood adverse events are risk factors for later bipolar disorder. We quantified the risks for a later diagnosis of bipolar disorder after exposure to adverse life events in children with and without parental psychopathology. This register-based population cohort study included all persons born in Denmark from 1980 to 1998 (980 554 persons). Adversities before age 15 years were: familial disruption; parental somatic illness; any parental psychopathology; parental labour market exclusion; parental imprisonment; placement in out-of-home care; and parental natural and unnatural death. We calculated risk estimates of each of these eight life events as single exposure and risk estimates for exposure to multiple life events. Main outcome variable was a diagnosis of bipolar disorder after the age of 15 years, analysed with Cox proportional hazard regression. Single exposure to most of the investigated adversities were associated with increased risk for bipolar disorder, exceptions were parental somatic illness and parental natural death. By far the strongest risk factor for bipolar disorder in our study was any mental disorder in the parent (hazard ratio 3.53; 95% confidence interval 2.73–4.53) and the additional effects of life events on bipolar risk were limited. An effect of early adverse life events on bipolar risk later in life was mainly observed in children without parental psychopathology. Our findings do not exclude early-life events as possible risk factors, but challenge the concept of adversities as important independent determinants of bipolar disorder in genetically vulnerable individuals.
Neurogenic Shock: Clinical Management and Particularities in an Emergency Room
Authors: Damiani Daniel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNeurogenic shock has a strong impact in traumatology. It is an important condition, associated with lesions in the neuraxis and can be medullar and/or cerebral. In the last years, its pathophysiology has been better understood, allowing a reduction in the morbimortality with more precise and efficacious interventions taking place in the emergency room. In this review article, the author presents the current aspects of the management of neurogenic shock, highlighting the neuroprotective measures that improve the outcome. Many pharmacologic interventions are still questionable and need more prospective studies to accurately assess their real value. The best moment for neurosurgical intervention is also debatable. Quite clearly, the initial proceedings in the emergency room are fundamental to guarantee the adequate conditions for neuroplasticity and neuronal rehabilitation.
Preoperative Ultrasonographic Prediction of Hamstring Tendon Diameter for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair
Authors: Rodriguez-Mendez Luis , Martinez-Ruiz Jose , Perez-Manzo Ruben , Corona-Hernandez Jorge , Alcala-Zermeno Juan , Sanchez-Enriquez Sergio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries is rising every year. The autologous hamstring tendon graft, using semitendinosus tendon (SMT) and gracilis tendon (GR), is a common repair technique in the management of ACL injuries due to its multiple advantages. Using a final graft with a minimum diameter of 8 mm is necessary to avoid graft failure. The aim of this study was to find a correlation between preoperative ultrasound (USG) measurement of the SMT and GR tendon diameters (SMTd and GRd) and their actual diameters measured during the grafting procedure. In the present study, 33 male patients aged between 16 and 43 years with ACL injury that required grafting were enrolled. Before the grafting procedure, we sonographically measured the SMTd, GRd, and calculated the hamstring tendon diameter (SMTd + GRd) as the sum of these two. During surgery, we obtained the SMTd, GRd, and SMTd + GRd; we also obtained the length of both tendons and the final graft diameter (FGd). We then compared the obtained values. Mean age was 25.6 ± 7.9 years in our study population. The mean SMTd, GRd, and SMTd + GRd obtained by USG versus transoperatively were 4.9 versus 4.7 mm, 4.3 versus 3.8 mm, and 9.3 versus 8.6 mm, respectively. The mean of FGd was 8.4 mm and the mean length of both tendons was 14.2 cm. The GRd obtained by USG positively correlated with SMTd, SMT tendon length, GRd, and SMTd + GRd (r = 0.460, 0.404, 0.411, and 0.508, respectively). USG-obtained GRd predicts a final tendon diameter < 8 mm (high risk of failure) with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100, 54, 28 and 100%, respectively, using 4.5 mm as cutoff. Of all obtained grafts, 85% were deemed adequate (≥ 8 mm) using transoperative measurement, while 91% were ≥ 8 mm using USG measurement. The USG measurement of hamstring tendons is a useful method to predict their transoperative diameter. GRd obtained by USG is the best predictor of transoperative GRd and SMTd + GRd.
Integration of parallel mechanosensory and visual pathways resolved through sensory conflict
Authors: Roth Eatai , Hall Robert W. , Daniel Thomas L. , Sponberg Simon 
Published: October 2016

Significance
Animals rely on information drawn from a host of sensory systems to control their movement as they navigate in and interact with their environment. How the nervous system consolidates and processes these channels of information to govern locomotion is a challenging reverse engineering problem. To address this issue, we asked how a hawkmoth feeding from a moving flower combines visual and mechanical (force) cues to follow the flower motion. Using experimental and theoretical approaches, we discover that the brain performs a remarkably simple summation of information from visual and mechanosensory pathways. Moreover, we reveal that the moth could perform the behavior with either visual or mechanical information alone, and this redundancy provides a robust strategy for movement control.
Sulfur and lead isotopic evidence of relic Archean sediments in the Pitcairn mantle plume
Authors: Delavault Hélène , Chauvel Catherine , Thomassot Emilie , Devey Colin W. , Dazas Baptiste 
Published: October 2016

Significance
The source material for mantle plume volcanism is generally agreed to show geochemical signatures of former oceanic lithosphere (crust and/or sediments) recycled into the mantle by subduction. The specific nature and ages of these materials remains, however, controversial. This study shows that the source of Pitcairn basalts contains Archean sediments (i.e. >2.45 Ga) that have remained chemically isolated in Earth´s mantle for billions of years.
Mixing of secondary organic aerosols versus relative humidity
Authors: Ye Qing , Robinson Ellis Shipley , Ding Xiang , Ye Penglin , Sullivan Ryan C. , Donahue Neil M. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
Recent studies called into question whether diffusion in “glassy” atmospheric secondary organic aerosols (SOA) is fast enough for phase partitioning to equilibrate, as commonly assumed in models; however, most of those studies relied on rheological measurements or uptake of small molecules such as water and ammonia. Here, we conduct unique SOA mixing experiments using single-particle mass spectrometry to probe the diffusion of semivolatile organics into SOA derived from toluene and α-pinene at different relative humidities. Results show that, if the SOA systems are representative, equilibrium partitioning likely does have time to occur in the boundary layer. This work directly probes uptake of semivolatile organics by SOA particles over a wide humidity range.
Partitioning direct and indirect effects reveals the response of water-limited ecosystems to elevated CO2
Authors: Fatichi Simone , Leuzinger Sebastian , Paschalis Athanasios , Langley J. Adam , Donnellan Barraclough Alicia , Hovenden Mark J. 
Published: October 2016

SignificanceElevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide affect plants directly by stimulating photosynthesis and reducing stomatal aperture. These direct effects trigger several more subtle, indirect effects via changes in soil moisture and plant structure. While such effects have been acknowledged, they have never been assessed quantitatively, partly due to the fact they are inseparable in field experiments. Here we show that the indirect effects of elevated CO2explain, on average, 28% of the total plant productivity response, and are almost equal to the size of direct effects on evapotranspiration. This finding has major implications for our mechanistic understanding of plant response to elevated CO2, forcing us to revisit the interpretation of experimental results as well as simulations of future productivity.