bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Artifacts and Artifices among Memory and History
Authors: Falcão Luiz Felipe 
Published: April 2016

This paper intends to discuss ideas, actions, and experiences of people who self-identify as “left-wing” and are also considered by their opponents as the “new left wing”, as proposed by a number of scholars to distinguish them from communist groups of traditional formation (Stalinists, Trotskists, etc.). Having been already in operation since the 1950 decade or earlier, with highlights as resistance to the civil-military dictatorship that ruled Brazil between 1964 and 1985, they particularly support the struggle for better conditions of life and work, as well as freedoms in general. Documents produced by these people and found in both public and private spheres have been used to observe this phenomenon. There is particular focus on the joint participation of the left wing movements in trade unions and social movements, as well as in civil society organizations and even institutionally, in frequent clashes with the liberal and populist opposition. The objective is to understand the relevance (or not) of their participation and the possible influences that they may have exerted in the contemporary path that Brazil has taken. Since many of its members were in tune with criticism of the lacking independence of subaltern class mobilizations and organizations, as well as with the importance of fighting for the rights of women and social minorities, they may have given rather unique characteristics to the redemocratization process in the country (1985-1989).
Estudio de caracterización de accidentes biológicos en estudiantes de pregrado de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad Libre. Seccional Cali. 2013
Authors: García Gómez Mercedes 
Published: April 2016

Objetivos: Caracterizar los accidentes biológicos en estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Libre en el ejercicio de la práctica clínica.<br /><br />Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo de corte transversal mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario autodiligenciado, de participación voluntaria, a estudiantes de los programas de medicina y de enfermería de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad Libre de Cali.<br /><br />Resultados: Los resultados muestran un 17,1% (41) de estudiantes con accidentes biológicos durante las prácticas asistenciales. El mecanismo de transmisión más frecuente fueron los pinchazos con elementos cortopunzantes en miembro superior, representados con el 65,9% (27), el segundo mecanismo fue la exposición a mucosas oculares con sangre o fluidos corporales con un 17% (7). El área clínica de mayor ocurrencia fueron las Clínicas Quirúrgicas con 46,2% (19), Básicas y Comunitarias con un 29,3% (12) .Los estudiantes de medicina sufrieron el 63,4% (26) de los accidentes, mientras que enfermería el 36,6% (15). El 41,5% (17) recibió atención médica de urgencias. En el 4,9% (2) de los estudiantes se consideró como necesaria la utilización de la profilaxis postexposicion al accidente. En cuanto al sitio de ocurrencia el mayor porcentaje fue extramural, correspondiente a las instituciones de salud, con los que la universidad tiene convenios para las prácticas asistenciales formativas. Los accidentes ocurridos en el área de anfiteatro 21,9% (9) corresponden exclusivamente a estudiantes del programa de medicina, el cual está ubicado dentro de las instalaciones de la universidad .El 43,9% (20) de accidentes biológicos no fue reportado por el estudiante que lo padeció. <br /><br />Conclusiones: Los accidentes biológicos en estudiantes de pregrado son frecuentes en las áreas clínicas de Básicas y Comunitarias, y mayormente en Clínicas Quirúrgicas probablemente por la mayor instrumentación. El 9,5% de los estudiantes de la facultad no utiliza ninguna protección. Por lo que se recomienda, el fortalecimiento de un programa que contemple acciones de prevención y fomento de la adherencia a las normas de precaución estándar con seguimiento en la modificación de las prácticas de riesgo dirigidas a los estudiantes de pregrado de la Facultad de Salud.<br /><br />
Potentialité des zones humides infiltrant des eaux routières dans la nappe rhénane – étude de huit bassins de rétention et d’infiltration à Wolfisheim, Alsace
Authors: Nuel Maximilien , Laurent Julien , Bois Paul , Chenon Pascale , Benbrahim Mohammed , Reeb Georges , Toulet Fabien , Milliot Benoît , Belot Emmanuel , Wanko Adrien 
Published: April 2016

Quatre filières de rétention et d’infiltration des eaux de ruissellement situées sur la route départementale 45 (RD 451) dans le Bas-Rhin constituent l’objet de l’étude. Chaque filière est composée : d’un bassin de rétention étanchéifié et équipé d’un « peigne végétal », d’un bassin d’infiltration végétalisé et équipé de plaques lysimétriques qui permettent de récupérer les eaux infiltrées à 25 et 50 cm de profondeur et d’un piézomètre/qualitomètre pour le suivi qualitatif et quantitatif de la nappe (mesure des concentrations en hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) et en métaux). Enfin, une station météorologiquein situdonne accès aux paramètres climatiques et permet ainsi de déterminer les flux de ruissellement, d’infiltration, d’évaporation, d’évapotranspiration et d’évapoconcentration. Suite aux différents épisodes pluvieux, la capacité d’infiltration des bassins perméables reste excellente, aucun colmatage n’ayant été observé. Les végétaux implantés se sont bien développés et leur rôle de filtre est constaté pour la fraction particulaire en surface. L’analyse de la qualité des eaux de surface et infiltrées, relevées mensuellement, met en évidence la présence de HAP et de métaux (aluminium, baryum et plomb). Les eaux de la nappe rhénane au droit du site étudié sont quant à elles dépourvues de HAP; cependant il est à noter la présence d’aluminium et de baryum, entre 30 et 130 µg∙L‑1. Les prélèvements ont permis de mettre en évidence l’absence d’écotoxicité des eaux qui s’infiltrent en aval de la filière no 3 sur deux niveaux trophiques de l’écosystème souterrain, et sur des organismes d’eau de surface. Des préconisations méthodologiques et instrumentales sont faites afin d’accroître le champ des connaissances techniques et scientifiques concernant la structure, le rôle et le fonctionnement des bassins d’infiltration d’eaux routières ainsi que les interactions entre différentes matrices (sol, végétal et liquide) qui les composent.
Theoretical and experimental verification of acoustic focusing in metal cylinder structure
Authors: Xia Jian-ping , Sun Hong-xiang , Cheng Qian , Xu Zheng , Chen Hao , Yuan Shou-qi , Zhang Shu-yi , Ge Yong , Guan Yi-jun 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We report the realization of a multifocal acoustic focusing lens using a simple metal cylinder structure immersed in water, as determined both experimentally and theoretically. The acoustic waves can be focused on one or more points, because the Mie-resonance modes are excited in the cylinder structure. The acoustic pressure fields measured in the Schlieren imaging system agree with the results calculated using the acoustic scattering theory. Interesting applications of multifocal focusing in the acoustic encryption communication are further discussed. Our work should be helpful in understanding the focusing mechanism and experimentally measuring the acoustic phenomena in cylinder structures.
Theoretical study of fabrication of line-and-space patterns with 7 nm quarter-pitch using electron beam lithography with chemically amplified resist process: IV. Comparison with experimental results
Authors: Kozawa Takahiro 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Electron beam (EB) lithography is a key technology for nanofabrication. We have investigated the feasibility of the fabrication of line-and-space patterns with a 7 nm quarter-pitch (7 nm space width and 21 nm line width), using the simulation based on the sensitization and reaction mechanisms of chemically amplified EB resists. In this study, simulation results were compared with experimental results to check the validity of the simulation model used in previous studies.

[on the computer-aided design (CAD)] line-and-space patterns were fabricated on quartz masks for different pitches and exposure doses. The measured space width and line edge roughness were well reproduced by the simulation.
Advantages of the AlGaN spacer in InAlN high-electron-mobility transistors grown using metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Yamada Atsushi , Ishiguro Tetsuro , Kotani Junji , Tomabechi Shuichi , Nakamura Norikazu , Watanabe Keiji 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We demonstrate the advantages of an AlGaN spacer layer in an InAlN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT). We investigated the effects of the growth parameters of the spacer layer on electron mobility in InAlN HEMTs grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy, focusing on the surface roughness of the spacer layer and sharpness of the interface with the GaN channel layer. The electron mobility degraded, as evidenced by the formation of a graded AlGaN layer at the top of the GaN channel layer and the surface roughness of the AlN spacer layer. We believe that the short migration length of aluminum atoms is responsible for the observed degradation. An AlGaN spacer layer was employed to suppress the formation of the graded AlGaN layer and improve surface morphology. A high electron mobility of 1550 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a low sheet resistance of 211 Ω/sq were achieved for an InAlN HEMT with an AlGaN spacer layer.
How and Why Do Family and Systemic Therapies Work?
Authors: Carr Alan 
Published: April 2016

My reviews of the evidence base for family therapy conducted over the past 15 years have been guided by four key questions. Does systemic therapy work? What sorts of systemic therapy work for specific problems? What processes occur in effective systemic therapy? Is systemic therapy cost‐effective? In this paper answers to these questions are given. Systemic interventions are effective for about two out of three cases. Specific models of effective systemic therapy have been developed for most common mental health problems. There are many processes shared by evidence‐based models of practice that can be incorporated into the routine practice of research‐informed family therapy. Systemic therapy is cost‐effective and in many cases leads to medical cost‐offsets. Available evidence indicates that family therapy can make a very significant contribution to alleviating suffering and making the world a better place to be.
Historical distribution of the otter (Lutra lutra) in north‐east China according to historical records (1950–2014)
Authors: Zhang Rui , Yang Li , Laguardia Alice , Jiang Zhe , Huang Mujiao , Lv Jiang , Ren Yueheng , Zhang Wei , Luan Xiaofeng 
Published: April 2016

Abstract1. The Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) has undergone a dramatic decline throughout the 20th century in China, especially in the North East. However, the dynamics responsible for the reduction in the distribution of otters in this region since the 1950s is still unclear. Such uncertainty and insufficient information can hinder effective conservation strategies.2. A study was conducted using historical documents to attempt an evaluation of the status of otter populations in north‐east China between 1950 and 2014. The data suggest that otters were widely distributed with abundant populations in north‐east China in the 1950s, particularly in the area of the Songhua River basin and the Ussuli River basin.3. Compared with the 1950s, the number of records in 2014 has fallen by 92%. Otter populations are fragmented and mainly restricted to national nature reserves, leaving little optimism for their future.4. More broadly, this research demonstrates that recovering information from local historical documents can be a useful and reliable way to overcome the limits caused by lack of data. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect Of Alternative Unconventional Irrigation Water on Soil Properties, Fruit Yield and Quality, and Microbial Safety in Date Palm
Authors: Aleid S.M. , Sallam A.A. , Shahin M.M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe long‐term effects of using alternative unconventional irrigation water sources on soil properties, productivity, fruit quality and microbial safety of three date palm cultivars (Khalas, Sheshi and Ruzeiz) at ripening stage in Al‐Ahsa,Saudi Arabia, were evaluated. The investigated waters were groundwater (GW), groundwater/agricultural drainage water (GW + DW), groundwater/tertiary‐treated wastewater (GW + TTWW) and groundwater/agricultural drainage water/tertiary‐treated wastewater (GW + DW + TTWW). There was a marked increase in soil‐soluble cations with increasing depth in all soils irrigated with examined irrigation waters. GW + DW had the greatest adverse effect on soil elemental composition, GW + DW + TTWW and GW + TTWW contained the highest heavy metal concentrations. The GW + DW + TTWW, GW + TTWW and GW + DW increased Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co., Cd, Pb, As and Ni heavy metals in soils compared to the soil irrigated with GW. The highest means of bunch weight, fruit weight and sugar contents were recorded when GW was used. Palms that were irrigated with GW + TTWW had the next highest values, whereas GW was superior in yield per palm. The contamination levels of spoilage microorganisms (yeasts, moulds and aerobic mesophilic bacteria) were within an acceptable level and did not exceed the limit of 102 cfu g−1. None of the date samples showed a detectable level of contamination by potential pathogens (coliforms). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Testing the theory of relative dependency from an evolutionary perspective: higher dependencies concentration in smaller modules over the lifetime of software products
Authors: Bian Yixin , Parande Mohammed Aziz , Koru Gunes , Zhao Song 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRecent studies conducted on the single releases of multiple software products showed that dependencies concentrate on smaller modules, that is, smaller modules have more dependencies per source line of code. This phenomenon, called the Theory of Relative Dependency, explains why some earlier studies reported that smaller modules were proportionally more defect prone. It is important to test the Theory of Relative Dependency from multiple perspectives so that it can be used as an explanatory argument when garnering organizational support to give a higher quality assurance (QA) priority to smaller modules. In this study, we test the validity of this theory from an evolutionary perspective by examining the consecutive releases of a number of software products. Dependencies do concentrate over smaller modules regardless of the product age. Furthermore, continuous refactoring efforts are associated with increasing concentration of dependencies on smaller modules over product lifetime. Based on the consistent results, software managers and developers should consider giving a higher QA priority to smaller modules over the lifetime of a software product. In the projects where refactoring is adopted continuously, the QA priority on smaller modules should be further increased as the software product ages. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding SPI in small organizations: a study of Mexican software enterprises
Authors: Espinosa‐Curiel Ismael Edrein , Rodríguez‐Jacobo Josefina , Fernández‐Zepeda José Alberto 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSoftware process improvement (SPI) has become one of the main strategies employed by small software enterprises to reduce their development costs or to increase the quality of their products and their development speed. Recent studies show that many small organizations still struggle to implement SPI initiatives successfully. One of the main problems with small organizations is that they usually lack the knowledge and practical experience about the human, social, and organizational phenomena associated with SPI initiatives and their effects. The objective of this paper is to present a grounded action research study that investigated SPI initiatives conducted by 10 Mexican small enterprises. The main product of this study is an initial theoretical framework that attempts to explain the effects of SPI initiatives in small organizations. We concluded that SPI initiatives affect organizational elements (i.e., structure, culture, organizational climate, projects) and human resources (i.e., employees and managers), and vice versa, and these elements are highly interrelated. Therefore, small enterprises need comprehensive SPI strategies that consider, in an integrated way, changes in processes, organizational elements, and human resources. SPI practitioners can use the results of this study to define more efficient and effective strategies to implement SPI initiatives in small organizations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Actitudes y valoraciones de los médicos residentes sobre la especialidad de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública
Authors: Latasa Pello , Reques Laura , Gil-Borrelli Christian Carlo 
Published: April 2016

Introducción: El objetivo del trabajo es explorar las actitudes y valoraciones de los médicos internos residentes de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública sobre su proceso formativo en España.
Método: Estudio cualitativo mediante grupos focales. Se realizaron 2 grupos focales de 6 médicos internos residentes pertenecientes a 8 unidades docentes, contando con moderador participante y observador externo. Las actitudes y valoraciones de los residentes se estructuraron en 7 ámbitos temáticos (motivaciones de elección de especialidad, expectativas, lugares de rotación, Curso Superior de Salud Pública, problemas de la formación, satisfacción y aspectos de mejora). Se realizó un análisis del discurso en categorías en función del tiempo de debate y la coincidencia de opinión entre los participantes.
Resultados: La amplitud y diversidad de contenidos de la especialidad constituye un aliciente y motivo de satisfacción de los residentes, sin embargo el perfil de profesional del programa formativo no se alinea con las demandas del mercado laboral. Se resaltó la necesidad de formación complementaria en habilidades comunicativas y mayor trabajo de campo, la falta de flexibilidad docente y la existencia de desigualdades formativas y retributivas. Se apuntó la necesidad de posibilitar una mayor flexibilidad formativa, crear nuevos acuerdos entre unidades docentes y dispositivos de formación, aumentar la transparencia y fomentar el trabajo de campo, así como la investigación para la acción y el cambio.
Conclusiones: A pesar de que existe una satisfacción general con la especialidad, los residentes subrayan problemas y aspectos de mejora de los programas formativos de la especialidad.
Development and Progress as Historical Phenomena in Tanzania: “Maendeleo? We Had That in the Past”
Authors: Ahearne Robert M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:Academic discussions of development continue to grow, yet critical engagements with communities affected by development interventions remain limited. Drawing from life history interviews conducted in southern Tanzania, this article details the varied experiences of development interventions among older people and how these affect broader understandings of progress. Many juxtapose their negative views ofujamaavillagization with more positive recollections of previous interventions (especially the Groundnut Scheme), which are infused with what is described here as “development nostalgia.” Perceptions of the past clearly inform the social, political, and economic aspirations forwarded today, with the richness of the constructed narratives adding further nuance to existing depictions of Tanzanian historiography.
Hierarchies and Dignity: A Confucian Communitarian Approach
Authors: Kennedy Jessica A. , Kim Tae Wan , Strudler Alan 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT:We discuss workers’ dignity in hierarchical organizations. First, we explain why a conflict exists between high-ranking individuals’ authority and low-ranking individuals’ dignity. Then, we ask whether there is any justification that reconciles hierarchical authority with the dignity of workers. We advance a communitarian justification for hierarchical authority, drawing upon Confucianism, which provides that workers can justifiably accept hierarchical authority when it enables a certain type of social functioning critical for the good life of workers and other involved parties. The Confucian communitarian perspective shows that promoting workers’ good life or well-being is an important condition for protecting their dignity.
Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii: Concomitant Contamination of Air and Environmental Surfaces
Authors: Shimose Luis A. , Masuda Eriko , Sfeir Maroun , Berbel Caban Ana , Bueno Maria X. , dePascale Dennise , Spychala Caressa N. , Cleary Timothy , Namias Nicholas , Kett Daniel H. , Doi Yohei , Munoz-Price L. Silvia 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVETo concomitantly determine the differential degrees of air and environmental contamination by Acinetobacter baumannii based on anatomic source of colonization and type of ICU layout (single-occupancy vs open layout).DESIGNLongitudinal prospective surveillance study of air and environmental surfaces in patient rooms.SETTINGA 1,500-bed public teaching hospital in Miami, Florida.PATIENTSConsecutive A. baumannii–colonized patients admitted to our ICUs between October 2013 and February 2014.METHODSAir and environmental surfaces of the rooms of A. baumannii–colonized patients were sampled daily for up to 10 days. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to type and match the matching air, environmental, and clinical A. baumannii isolates.RESULTSA total of 25 A. baumannii–colonized patients were identified during the study period; 17 were colonized in the respiratory tract and 8 were colonized in the rectum. In rooms with rectally colonized patients, 38.3% of air samples were positive for A. baumannii; in rooms of patients with respiratory colonization, 13.1% of air samples were positive (P=.0001). In rooms with rectally colonized patients, 15.5% of environmental samples were positive for A. baumannii; in rooms of patients with respiratory colonization, 9.5% of environmental samples were positive (P=.02). The rates of air contamination in the open-layout and single-occupancy ICUs were 17.9% and 21.8%, respectively (P=.5). Environmental surfaces were positive in 9.5% of instances in open-layout ICUs versus 13.4% in single-occupancy ICUs (P=.09).CONCLUSIONSAir and environmental surface contaminations were significantly greater among rectally colonized patients; however, ICU layout did not influence the rate of contamination.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:777–781