bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparação granulométrica com vistas para o entendimento sedimentar em áreas úmidas no Pantanal da Nhecolândia-MS
Authors: Boni Paola Vicentini , Gradella Frederico dos Santos , Decco Hermiliano Felipe 
Published: December 2016

O Pantanal é uma área alagável conhecida no mundo, está localizado na da Bacia do Alto Paraguai. A planície pantaneira é uma bacia sedimentar, deprimida e plana caracterizada principalmente por passar por inundações anuais. Este trabalho tem como objetivo comparar duas áreas do Pantanal da Nhecolândia, leste e sudoeste. Realizou-se trabalho de campo para coleta de amostras com trado do tipo holandês, fazendo a descrição de cor com auxílio da tabela de Munsell, textura e umidade. Após, ocorreu a análise granulométrica para avaliar os resultados obtidos elaborando o histograma para verificar a quantidade e tamanhos dos grãos. Como resultado, percebeu-se que as áreas possuem características sutilmente semelhantes, com diferenças na quantidade da espessura dos grãos ao longo do perfil amostrado, evidenciando nesse ponto, as possíveis diferenças entre duas áreas do Pantanal da Nhecolândia. Palavras-chave: análise granulométrica; geomorfologia; sedimentação. Particle size comparison with objective to understanding sedimentation in region of Nhecolândia in the Pantanal wetlands ABSTRACTThe Pantanal is considered a biggest wetland in the world, is located in the Upper Paraguay River Basin. The Pantanal is a sedimentary basin, plain depressed characterized by undergoing annual floods. This study aims to compare two regions of the Pantanal Nhecolândia, eastern and south-west. Fieldwork was conducted to collect samples auger Dutch type, making the color description with the aid of Munsell table, texture and humidity. After was executed to granulometric analysis and preparing a histogram for examined size of the grains. As a result it that two areas are similar characteristics and but different along the profile the grains type, indicating the possible differences between two areas of the Pantanal Nhecolândia. Keywords: granulometric analysis, geomorphology, sedimentation. RESUMENEl Pantanal es un humedal conocido en el mundo, se encuentra en la Cuenca del Alto Paraguay. El Pantanal es una cuenca sedimentaria, deprimida y plana destacado principalmente por sometidos a inundaciones anuales. Este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar dos áreas del Pantanal Nhecolândia, Este y Suroeste. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo para recoger muestras de la barrena de tipo holandés, haciendo la descripción del color con la ayuda de la tabla de Munsell, la textura y la humedad. Después se le ocurrió a análisis granulométrico para evaluar los resultados obtenidos preparar un histograma para comprobar la cantidad y el tamaño de los granos. Como resultado, se observó que las áreas tienen características sutilmente similares, las diferencias en la cantidad del grosor de los granos a lo largo del perfil de la muestra, indicando de ese punto, las posibles diferencias entre dos áreas del Pantanal Nhecolândia. Palabras clave: análisis granulométrico; geomorfología; sedimentación.
Развитие человека: энциклопедический взгляд
Authors: Луков Валерий Андреевич , Луков Сергей Валерьевич 
Published: December 2016

<p>Энциклопедическая статья о социальном развитии человека — одном из главных терминов социологии молодежи. Развитие молодежи идет по тем же направлениям, что и развитие человека, что и обосновывается в статье. </p>
A descriptive study on the surgical anatomy of external laryngeal nerve in patients undergoing thyroidectomies at a tertiary care center in South India
Authors: P. S. Rajesh , Kamalakshy Jisha , T. Saravanan 
Published: December 2016

Background: The superior laryngeal nerve divides into two branches, external and internal at the level of the hyoid bone. The relationship of the external branch with the superior thyroid artery and the upper pole of the thyroid gland is variable. Due to this it is at risk of injury while ligating the superior pedicle during thyroidectomy.Methods: The position of the external laryngeal nerve in 110 patients undergoing thyroidectomy in a tertiary care center in south India over a period of one year was assessed. The nerves were identified by opening up the Reeve’s avascular plane near the superior pole of the thyroid gland. The positions were identified and classified based on Cernea’s classification. Data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 version.Results: The nerve could be identified on the left side in 109 cases (99.1%) and 106 cases (96.4%) on the right side. Cernea’s IIa was the most common position on the left side (46.4%), followed by IIb (35.5%) and I (17.3%). On the right side IIb was the most common position (40%), followed by IIa (36.4%) and I (20%). Overall the most common position was IIa (41.36%).Conclusions: It is possible to identify the external laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve with careful dissection. Large proportion of the position of the external laryngeal nerve is IIB, which would be at very high risk of injury if the superior pedicle is ligated without identifying it.
Tubercular otitis media: an under diagnosed entity
Authors: Maheshwari Abhishek , Panigrahi Rajlaxmi 
Published: December 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tubercular otitis media (TOM) is a well described rare entity in literature. Its characteristic diagnostic delay leads to severe irreversible complications. Diagnosis is much more difficult when it co-exists with aural cholesteatoma. Its Actual incidence is thought to be much more, than what is reported in literature. This study was carried out to establish TOM as an under diagnosed entity and to study its various presentations<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A prospective study was performed in 617 cases (both recurrence and new) of chronic otitis media who gave a fully informed consent, for being investigated for a probable diagnosis of TOM, based on history and clinical findings. Histopathological examination of the granulation tissue retrieved during biopsy/mastoid exploration surgery and mycobacterial culture of the aural discharge was performed in all cases. A final diagnosis was made with either of tests being reported as positive for mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. All confirmed cases were treated with a 6 month course of anti-tubercular therapy<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Diagnosis of TOM was confirmed in 12 cases. M:F ratio was 1:1.4. Cholesteatoma was found to co-exist in 4 cases (33.33%). A positive histopathology report was obtained in 11 cases (91.67%) while the mycobacterial culture yielded growth in 3 cases (25%) only. Canal wall down mastoidectomy was performed in 9 cases. In all cases, a follow-up with a 6 months course of anti-tubercular therapy gave satisfactory healing with no complications<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The incidence of TOM, a potentially dangerous entity is on a rise. Role of surgery is crucial in procuring tissue for histopathological and bacteriological examination. It is a curable disease if diagnosed in time with early institution of anti-tubercular therapy<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
Facial nerve branching pattern as seen in parotidectomy in Kashmiri population: our experience
Authors: Khaliq Baba Aijaz , Nisar Jasif , Yousuf Aamir , Maqbool Tabish , Ahmad Rauf 
Published: December 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> A prospective study to analyze the facial nerve branching pattern as seen in various parotidectomy surgeries in Kashmiri population. Main objective was to find out various branching patterns among peripheral branches of facial nerve in parotid tissue so that new young ENT surgeons could get benefited and it should be easy for them to perform parotid surgeries with less complications and unpredictable outcome.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The prospective study was conducted in 35 patients undergoing superficial parotidectomy in our department of otorhinolaryngology GMC Srinagar over a period of one and half year. Facial nerve branching pattern was classified according to the description given by Davis et al. Branching pattern of main trunk was also observed in all cases. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The most common type of branching pattern of facial nerve in our study was type I seen in 12 (34.2%) patients, followed by type III seen in 9 (25.7%), followed by type II in 5 (14.2%), type IV in 4 (11.4%) patients, followed by type V in 3 (8.5%) and VI in 2 (5.7%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Type I branching pattern is the most common branching pattern of the facial nerve (34.2%) followed by type III (25.7%), following the pattern as described by Davis. Main trunk was found single in 32 (91.4%%) patients however in 3 (8.57%) patients trunk was dividing in 2 branches before dividing in peripheral branching pattern as described above. </p>
Training related ENT morbidity: a study amongst cadets of a military training institute
Authors: Raj Poonam 
Published: December 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Military training involves a harsh and rigorous regimen leading to inadvertent injury and bodily dysfunction. The ear, nose and throat are vulnerable given the nature of the training, which invariably involves combative sports and organized firing practice, which may lead to increased morbidity. This article is based on a population study of training related ENT morbidity amongst cadets undergoing training at a military institute.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was carried out in three parts including determinations of morbidity statistics due to ENT illnesses amongst cadets during training, awareness levels and attitudes of cadets towards common ENT ailments and effect of military training on the audiometric parameters. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Daily cadet sick report was 250 – 270 a month with 21% being respiratory/ENT in nature. Of these 33% were nasal trauma, 18% ear ache with uri, 12% hearing loss/tinnitus, 25% throat symptoms and 12% with allergic symptoms. Overall incidence of hearing loss during the study period was 60.1 per thousand per year, which was mostly transitory.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Injuries caused due to training lead to loss of motivation and reduction in combat efficacy as a result of decreased training time. Increasing awareness and better planned training schedules are the need of the hour. </p>
A study of deep space infections of neck
Authors: T. D. Thimmappa , S. Ramesh , M. Nagraj , K. S. Gangadhara 
Published: December 2016

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The objective of the study was to analyse the signs and symptoms, etiology, site and outcome of deep space infections of neck.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This was retrospective study and included 50 patients admitted with deep neck space infections to Government Mc Gann teaching hospital SIMS, Shimoga, Karnataka, India between January 2009 – January 2015. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The extreme age group, high virulence of organism, underlying clinical conditions, low socioeconomic groups are vulnerable for above infections. Mortality in 3 cases was due to mediastinitis and extended space infection.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Deep neck space infection is still a challenging disease in otorhinolaryngology. Early surgical drainage remains the main method of treating deep neck abscesses and conservative medical treatment are effective in selective cases that have minimal cellulitis.</p>
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour in the maxilla: a rare benign tumour in an uncommon site
Authors: Rao R. Soorya , K. S. Ravi 
Published: December 2016

<p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-IN">We report a case of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) in the maxilla in a boy aged 17 years. AOT is an odontogenic tumour arising from the enamel or dental lamina. AOT is rare and it represents 3–7% of all odontogenic tumors. This lesion affects young girls and is associated with an impacted tooth, usually canine. This case is presented to highlight the presentation of the tumour in a male patient and in an uncommon site, the left upper 1st molar. Differentiating this benign tumor from other lesions is difficult before surgical management and histopathological examination is important in accurate diagnosis. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p>
Transnasal hypophysectomy in conchal sella: a case report
Authors: Arora Archana , Munjal Manish , Singh Damanpreet 
Published: December 2016

<p class="abstract"><span>The trans-sphenoid access to the pituitary gland is the most common approach for pituitary adenomas. The different routes to the sella ultimately traverse the sphenoid sinus. Therefore the anatomical variations of the sphenoid sinus have major impact on the surgical access. </span>The conchal non-pneumatized sphenoid was always considered to be a contraindication to the trans-sphenoid approach to the sella. The preset study was conducted on a 50 year old male with conchal sella with chief complains of headache and associated loss of vision in left eye is being reported. MRI brain and sella (with contrast) showed evidence of well-defined altered signal intensity in sellar and suprasellar region 12×18×15 mm. DNE showed posterior septectomy defect from previous surgery. Anterior wall of sphenoid was thick and no other landmark was identified. Keeping in midline using the sphenoid rostrum as landmark, drilling was started in 1×0.5 cm area and continued till a depth of around 1 cm till dura was visualized. Intra operative confirmation of the sphenoid and sella was done using C-ARM. It can be utilized to confirm surgical landmarks to access the sella through the sphenoid sinus accurately even in poorly pneumatized sphenoid<span lang="EN-IN">.</span></p>
Modelagem de Defeitos em Circuitos Integrados na Perspectiva do Leiaute
Authors: Soares Larissa De Melo , De Souza Cleonilson Protásio 
Published: December 2016

<span>O aumento da densidade de transistores em circuitos integrados (CIs), em virtude dos avanços da tecnologia de fabricação, tornaram os procedimentos de testes de CIs mais complexos ao passo que quanto maior a densidade, menor é o espaçamento entre os componentes e suas conexões, aumentando a probabilidade de haver falhas entre os componentes na presença de defeitos físicos. Em virtude da redução no espaçamento, os modelos de falhas clássicos, que representam defeitos físicos em circuitos integrados, já não satisfazem os requisitos atuais para testes. Por isso, atualmente tem-se estudado modelos de falhas que sejam baseados no próprio leiaute do CI e não mais somente em seu diagrama em nível lógico ou em nível de transistores. Tais modelos visam analisar o leiaute como um todo e verificar os pontos mais prováveis de acontecer uma falha em consequência de um possível defeito físico. Neste trabalho é feito um estudo dos modelos de falhas clássicos e os modelos baseados na perspectiva do leiaute, e são explanados os conceitos de tipos de falhas, defeitos e elementos parasitas. </span>
Business Administration And Computer Science Degrees Earnings, Job Security, And Job Satisfaction
Authors: Mehta Kamlesh , Uhlig Ronald 
Published: December 2016

This paper examines the potential of business administration vs. computer science degrees in terms of earnings, job security, and job satisfaction. The paper focuses on earnings potential five years and ten years after the completion of business administration and computer science degrees. Moreover, the paper presents the income changes with promotion and lifetime earnings expectations of both the business administration and computer science graduates.
Using Web-Based Homework To Teach Principles Of Microeconomics: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Mitchell Jeannette C. , Mitchell Johanna E. 
Published: December 2016

This study evaluates an interactive web-based homework designed to increase student understanding in a principles of microeconomics course. Employing concepts from Action Research, the preliminary investigation was undertaken based on assumptions about the efficacy of online educational resources. Do students who do well on online homework improve performance on exams? Which characteristics of students explain achievement differences? The authors address these questions in relation to the use of a web-based, interactive online homework service which accompanied the text. An econometric model using exam performance as the dependent variable and various course component and demographic characteristics as independent variables. The study found no statistically significant impact of online homework on the mean exam score. This preliminary study indicated no gender, ethnicity, class standing, or declared major impact on exam performance though the limited degrees of freedom make generalization questionable. The only statistically significant predictor was shown to be GPA.
Addressing The Challenge Of Strategic Alignment Faced By Small And Medium-Sized Entities During The Selection Of Accounting Software Packages
Authors: Bishop William Arthur 
Published: December 2016

Alignment between an entity’s strategic business objectives and its information systems (ISs) has recently received research attention. Currently, small and medium-sized entities (SMEs) still face the challenge of successfully aligning their strategic business objectives with their ISs. Various small generic accounting software packages are available for purchase by SMEs. These accounting packages all have functionalities that enable SMEs to keep proper accounting records. However, due to their generic nature, these accounting packages do not always have sufficient functionalities to drive the SMEs’ strategic business objectives, resulting in IS misalignment. Not selecting the correct accounting software package will result in the accounting software not addressing the strategic business needs of the SME. The purpose of this study is to review and discuss the challenges faced by SMEs when selecting generic accounting packages and to develop a mapping between strategic business objectives commonly found within SMEs and software package functionalities that SMEs can refer to during the selection and implementation of new accounting software packages. This is accomplished on a non-empirical basis through a review of pertinent literature. In order for a SME to select the correct accounting software package, it is important that it invest time and effort in considering the software functionalities provided by the software package and map it against its strategic business imperatives to prevent failure of the package.
Transfer Pricing As A Vehicle In Corporate Tax Avoidance
Authors: Barker Joel , Asare Kwadwo , Brickman Sharon 
Published: December 2016

Using transfer pricing, U.S. Corporations are able to transfer revenues to foreign affiliates with a lower corporate tax rates. The Internal Revenue Code requires intercompany transactions to comply with the “Arm’s Length Principle” in order to prevent tax avoidance. We describe and use elaborate examples to explain how US companies exploit flexibility in the tax code to employ transfer pricing and related tax reduction and avoidance methods. We discuss recent responses by regulatory bodies.
Using Social Media As Historical Marketing Tool For Heritage Sites In Eastern New York State
Authors: Pepe Michael S. , Bournique Rachel 
Published: December 2016

Heritage tourism marketing has been studied around the globe with many different areas of focus. This study examines heritage site marketing techniques in New York State and uses three research objectives: (1) to determine what marketing techniques are currently being used by heritage sites (2) examine how the heritage sites use social media and (3) determine social media best practices for heritage sites and recommendations for improvement. Findings show that New York State heritage sites primary use word of mouth marketing, relationship marketing, and e-marketing. Social media is used to communicate mostly with adults and seniors but do not focus heavily on millennials which is a major issue as identified in the study. Finally, the preferred social media platforms used by heritage sites are websites and Facebook, which are effective tools for visitor engagement, marketing events, programs and exhibits, and attracting new visitors.
The Positive Outlook Of The Last In First Out Inventory Methods
Authors: Harris Peter , Harris Anthony 
Published: December 2016

Until very recently, the Last In First Out method (LIFO) was under severe scrutiny from the financial community, and its repeal as an acceptable accounting method seemed imminent. There were pressures from the Securities and Exchange Commission and the International Financial Accounting Standards Board to standardize accounting standards worldwide. In addition, there were political pressures imposed by US Congress to raise additional revenues. Both groups strongly oppose LIFO. However, an SEC Report issued in July 2012 has greatly renewed the lifeline of LIFO indefinitely. In the unlikely case of its ultimate repeal, the author presents some tax opportunities available in this transition period.
Single-valued Neutrosophic planar graphs
Authors: Akram Muhammad 
Published: December 2016

We apply the concept of single-valued neutrosophic sets to multigraphs, planar graphs and dual graphs. We introduce the notions of single-valued neutrosophic multigraphs, single-valued neutrosophic planar graphs, and single-valued neutrosophic dual graphs. We illustrate these concepts with examples. We also investigate some of their properties.
A proteção do meio ambiente como garantia fundamental e a responsabilidade patrimonial do Estado
Authors: Oliveira José Carlos de , Pires Alex Facciolo , Perez Filho Augusto Martinez 
Published: December 2016

A preocupação ambiental atinge diretamente o ser humano, individual e coletivamente, a ponto de as constiuições democráticas modernas terem garantido em seus preceitos a proteção ao meio ambiente sadio. Por outro lado, o incremento das ações estatais na vida dos administrados amplia os riscos de produção de danos, que deverão ser objeto de responsabilização patrimonial a favor da sociedade.