bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Activated-ATP@Fe3O4 Nanocomposite as an Efficient Fenton-Like Heterogeneous Catalyst for Degradation of Ethidium Bromide
Authors: Han Shuwen , Yu Hemin , Yang Tingting , Wang Shengsen , Wang Xiaozhi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMagnetic attapulgite-Fe3O4 nanocomposites (ATP-Fe3O4) were prepared by coprecipitation of Fe3O4 on ATP. The composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopey, X-ray diffractometry, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer and transmission electron microscopy. Surface characterization showed that Fe3O4 particles with an average size of approximately 15 nm were successfully embedded in matrix of ATP. The capacity of the Fe3O4-activated ATP (A-ATP@Fe3O4) composites for catalytic degradation of ethidium bromide (EtBr, 80 mg/L) at different pH values, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations, temperatures, and catalyst dosages was investigated. EtBr degradation kinetics studies indicated that the pseudo-first-order kinetic constant was 2.445 min−1 at T = 323 K and pH 2.0 with 30 mM H2O2, and 1.5 g/L of A-ATP@Fe3O4. Moreover, a regeneration study suggested that A-ATP@Fe3O4 maintained over 80% of its maximal EtBr degradation ability after five successive cycles. The effects of the iron concentrations and free radical scavengers on EtBr degradation were studied to reveal possible catalytic mechanisms of the A-ATP@Fe3O4 nanocomposites. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance revealed both hydroxyl (∙OH) and superoxide anion (∙O2−) radicals were involved in EtBr degradation. Radical scavenging experiment suggested EtBr degradation was mainly ascribed to ∙OH radicals, which was generated by reaction between Fe2+ and H2O2 on the surface of A-ATP@Fe3O4.
The Epstein-Barr Virus BRRF1 Gene Is Dispensable for Viral Replication in HEK293 cells and Transformation
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro , Watanabe Takahiro , Narita Yohei , Sato Yoshitaka , Goshima Fumi , Kimura Hiroshi , Murata Takayuki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a gamma-herpesvirus associated with several malignancies. It establishes a latent infection in B lymphocytes and is occasionally reactivated to enter the lytic cycle. Here we examined the role of the EBV gene BRRF1, which is expressed in the lytic state. We first confirmed, using a DNA polymerase inhibitor, that the BRRF1 gene is expressed with early kinetics. A BRRF1-deficient recombinant virus was constructed using a bacterial artificial chromosome system. No obvious differences were observed between the wild-type, BRRF1-deficient mutant and the revertant virus in HEK293 cells in terms of viral lytic protein expression, viral DNA synthesis, progeny production, pre-latent abortive lytic gene expression and transformation of primary B cells. However, reporter assays indicated that BRRF1 may activate transcription in promoter- and cell type-dependent manners. Taken together, BRRF1 is dispensable for viral replication in HEK293 cells and transformation of B cells, but it may have effects on transcription.
Assembly of “3D” plasmonic clusters by “2D” AFM nanomanipulation of highly uniform and smooth gold nanospheres
Authors: Park Kyung Jin , Huh Ji-Hyeok , Jung Dae-Woong , Park Jin-Sung , Choi Gwan H. , Lee Gaehang , Yoo Pil J. , Park Hong-Gyu , Yi Gi-Ra , Lee Seungwoo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) nanomanipulation has been viewed as a deterministic method for the assembly of plasmonic metamolecules because it enables unprecedented engineering of clusters with exquisite control over particle number and geometry. Nevertheless, the dimensionality of plasmonic metamolecules via AFM nanomanipulation is limited to 2D, so as to restrict the design space of available artificial electromagnetisms. Here, we show that “2D” nanomanipulation of the AFM tip can be used to assemble “3D” plasmonic metamolecules in a versatile and deterministic way by dribbling highly spherical and smooth gold nanospheres (NSs) on a nanohole template rather than on a flat surface. Various 3D plasmonic clusters with controlled symmetry were successfully assembled with nanometer precision; the relevant 3D plasmonic modes (i.e., artificial magnetism and magnetic-based Fano resonance) were fully rationalized by both numerical calculation and dark-field spectroscopy. This templating strategy for advancing AFM nanomanipulation can be generalized to exploit the fundamental understanding of various electromagnetic 3D couplings and can serve as the basis for the design of metamolecules, metafluids, and metamaterials.
Host plants and obligate endosymbionts are not the sources for biosynthesis of the aphid alarm pheromone
Authors: Sun Zhi-Juan , Li Zheng-Xi 
Published: July 2017

Abstract(E)-β-farnesene (EβF) is the major component of the alarm pheromone of many aphid species, but where EβF is synthesized in aphids is only partly understood. There are at least three most possible sources for the alarm pheromone: host plants, aphid obligate endosymbiont and aphids themselves. Here we eliminated the possibility of host plants and the obligate endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola as the sources for EβF released by aphids. We excluded the possible effects of host plants on EβF biosynthesis by rearing aphids on non-plant diets. Both the diet-reared aphids, including the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii and the green peach aphid Myzus persicae, could still release EβF based on solid-phase micro-extraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis. Meanwhile, we treated host aphids with antibiotics to fully eliminate Buchnera bacteria. Though the treatment seriously affected the development and fecundity of host aphids, the treated aphids could still release EβF, and there was no significant difference in the EβF concentration as per the aphid weight under different rearing conditions. Taken together, our experimental results suggest that host plants and obligate endosymbionts are not the sources for EβF released by aphids, indicating that it is most probably the aphid itself synthesizes the alarm pheromone.
Closed-Incision Negative-Pressure Therapy in Obese Patients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gunatilake Ravindu , Swamy Geeta , Brancazio Leo , Smrtka Michael , Thompson Jennifer , Gilner Jennifer , Gray Beverly , Heine Robert 
Published: July 2017

Background Postcesarean wound morbidity is a costly complication of cesarean delivery for which preventative strategies remain understudied.
Objective We compared surgical site occurrences (SSOs) in cesarean patients receiving closed-incision negative-pressure therapy (ciNPT) or standard-of-care (SOC) dressing.
Study Design A single-center randomized controlled trial compared ciNPT (5–7 days) to SOC dressing (1–2 days) in obese women (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 35), undergoing cesarean delivery between 2012 and 2014. Participants were randomized 1:1 and monitored 42 ± 10 days postoperatively. The primary outcome SSOs included unanticipated local inflammation, wound infection, seroma, hematoma, dehiscence, and need for surgical or antibiotic intervention.
Results Of the 92 randomized patients, 82 completed the study. ciNPT and SOC groups had similar baseline characteristics. Mean BMI was 46.5 ± 6.5 and no treatment-related serious adverse events. Compared with SOC, the ciNPT group had fewer SSOs (7/43 [16.3%] vs. 2/39 [5.1%], respectively; p = 0.16); significantly fewer participants with less incisional pain both at rest (39/46 [84.8%] vs. 20/46 [43.5%]; p < 0.001) and with incisional pressure (42/46 [91.3%] vs. 25/46 [54.3%]; p < 0.001); and a 30% decrease in total opioid use (79.1 vs. 55.9 mg morphine equivalents, p = 0.036).
Conclusion A trend in SSO reduction and a statistically significant reduction in postoperative pain and narcotic use was observed in women using ciNPT.
Adipositas – Teil 2: Auslöser und Ursachen
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter 
Published: July 2017

SummaryAn der Entstehung von Adipositas sind zahlreiche Faktoren beteiligt. Dazu gehören auch epigenetische Veränderungen, ausgelöst durch pränatale Einflüsse wie die Ernährung der Mutter in der Schwangerschaft oder Endocrine disruptors. Neben dem Mikrobiom sowie der durch extrinsische und intrinsische Faktoren beeinflussten Regulation von Appetit und Sättigung spielt die Zusammensetzung der Ernährung eine wichtige Rolle.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome – dissection of a disease
Authors: Enck Paul , Frieling Thomas , Schemann Michael 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe last 35 years (since about 1985) have produced a vast amount of scientific publications regarding irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with no real progress: The etiology and pathogenesis of IBS is still incompletely understood. Diagnosis and therapy is left to the individual understanding of the treating physicians in general medicine, gastroenterology and psychosomatic/psychiatry. In this gloss, three prominent representatives of neurogastroenterology in Germany, assess their own contributions and those of their colleagues and lament the huge gap between ambitions and reality in clinical and basic science in IBS.
The unruly dialect variant [a]
Authors: Nilsson Jenny , Wenner Lena 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
We investigate the realisation of the variable (ɛ) (as either the dialect variant [a] or the standard variant [ɛ]) in the Swedish county of Värmland, with special attention to the small rural village of Torsby. Our analysis shows that dialect variants that are infrequent in recordings made in this area in the 1940s are generally absent in data from 2011. However, the dialect variant [a] deviates from this pattern. Even though it is used infrequently in some consonantal contexts in older data, it has increased significantly over the last 70 years, both language-internally as well as in the speech community. We present an acoustic analysis of the vowel pronunciation and discuss the social meaning this feature has in contemporary Torsby.
Variation in Croatian
Authors: Škevin Ivana 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper’s objectives are to acquire general insight into the verbal behaviour (VB) of young speakers from the rural (island, coast, and hinterland) areas surrounding the Croatian coastal town of Zadar by examining the reported use of spoken and written codes as well as the social indexicalities of different varieties. The hypothesis is that, while socializing and communicating with speakers of urban varieties, speakers of less dominant (i.e. rural Čakavian or Neo-Štokavian) varieties tend to accommodate and converge linguistically as a consequence of their language attitudes and stereotypes. My research reveals that rural speakers generally accommodate, that island and coastal speakers accommodate more than hinterland speakers, and that women generally accommodate more than men.
Partial Schauder Estimates for Second-Order Elliptic and Parabolic Equations: A Revisit
Authors: Dong Hongjie , Kim Seick 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUnder various conditions, we establish Schauder estimates for both divergence and non-divergence form second-order elliptic and parabolic equations involving Hölder semi-norms not with respect to all, but only with respect to some of the independent variables. A novelty of our results is that the coefficients are allowed to be merely measurable with respect to the other independent variables.
NFAT3/c4-mediated excitotoxicity in hippocampal apoptosis during radiation-induced brain injury
Authors: Xu Meiling , Fan Qiuhong , Zhang Junjun , Chen Yanfang , Xu Ruizhe , Chen Liesong , Zhao Peifeng , Tian Ye 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Whole brain irradiation (WBI) has become an indispensible tool in the treatment of head and neck cancer, and it has greatly improved patient survival rate and total survival time. In addition, prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) has dramatically decreased the incidence of brain metastatic carcinoma. However, WBI may induce temporary functional deficits or even progressive, irreversible cognitive dysfunction that compromises the quality of life for survivors. Unfortunately, the exact molecular mechanisms for cognitive damage remain elusive, and no treatment or preventative measures are available for use in the clinic. In the present study, the nuclear factor of activated T cells isoform 4 (NFAT3/c4) was found to play a vital role in excitotoxic hippocampus cell apoptosis induced by radiation. Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats received 20 Gy WBI, after which we detected NFAT3/c4-mediated excitotoxicity. We found that radiation caused hippocampus excitotoxicity, resulting from overactivation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and always accompanied by subsequent elevation of the intracellular calcium level and activation of calcineurin (CaN). P-NFAT3/c4 was the principal downstream target of CaN, including regulation of its nuclear translocation as well as transcriptional activities. Radiation recruited NMDAR/NFAT3/c4 activation and subsequent Bax induction in hippocampus cells. Once treated with the NFAT3/c4 inhibitor 11R-VIVIT peptide pre-irradiation, hippocampal proliferation and neuron survival (dentate gyrus cells in particular) were protected from radiation-induced injury, resulting in inhibition of the apoptosis marker Bax. Our principal aim was to illuminate the role of NFAT3/c4-mediated excitotoxicity in hippocampal apoptosis during radiation-induced brain injury. This study is the first time that radiation-induced activation of NFAT3/c4 has been recorded, and our results suggest that NFAT3/c4 may be a novel target for prevention and treatment of radiation-induced brain injury.
Selective BCL-XL inhibition promotes apoptosis in combination with MLN8237 in medulloblastoma and pediatric glioblastoma cells
Authors: Levesley Jane , Steele Lynette , Brüning-Richardson Anke , Davison Adam , Zhou Jia , Ding Chunyong , Lawler Sean , Short Susan C 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundCNS tumors, including medulloblastoma and pediatric glioblastoma (pGBM) account for the majority of solid pediatric malignancies. There remains an unmet need to identify novel treatment approaches in poor prognosis and relapsed pediatric brain tumors, where therapeutic options are limited. Small-molecule B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) family inhibitors may enhance tumor cell killing when combined with conventional and targeted chemotherapeutic agents. We investigated the effect of disrupting BCL-2 and B cell lymphoma-extra large (BCL-XL) protein function using ABT-263, ABT-199 and WEHI-539 in medulloblastoma and pGBM cells following treatment with MLN8237, an Aurora kinase inhibitor under investigation as a novel agent for the treatment of malignant brain tumors.MethodsTumor cell growth and viability were determined by MTT/WST-1 assays and flow cytometry. Effects on cell phenotype, cell cycle progression, and ploidy were determined by live cell imaging and DNA content analysis. Apoptosis was determined by annexin V/propidium iodide staining and time-lapse microscopy and confirmed by measuring caspase-3/7 activity and western blotting and by short interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of BCL-2 associated X protein/BCL-2 antagonist killer (BAX/BAK).ResultsABT-263, in combination with MLN8237, reduced mitotic slippage and polyploidy and promoted the elimination of mitotically defective cells via a BAX/BAK-dependent, caspase-mediated apoptotic pathway. The BCL-XL antagonist, WEHI-539, significantly augmented tumor cell killing when used in combination with MLN8237, as well as sensitized resistant brain tumor cells to a novel BAX activator, SMBA1. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of BCL-XL sensitized pGBM and medulloblastoma cells to MLN8237 and mimicked the effect of combination drug treatment.ConclusionSelective small-molecule inhibitors of BCL-XL may enhance the efficacy of MLN8237 and other targeted chemotherapeutic agents.
Radiographic Investigation of the Distal Extension of Fractures Into the Articular Surface of the Tibia (The RIDEFAST Study)
Authors: Marchand Lucas S. , Rane Ajinkya A. , Working Zachary M. , Jacobson Lance G. , Kubiak Erik N. , Higgins Thomas F. , Rothberg David L. 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
To determine whether radiographic measurements are predictive of involvement of the distal tibia articular surface in tibial shaft fractures.

Design:
Retrospective review.

Setting:
Academic Level-I trauma hospital.

Patients:
Two-hundred seventeen patients with tibial shaft fractures distal to the isthmus (OTA/AO: 42-A1-3; 42-B1-3; 42-C1-3; and 43-A1-3).

Intervention:
Analysis of anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs. The following parameters were measured: (1) angle between the predominant fracture line and the plane of the tibial plafond (α-angle), (2) length of the shaft fracture, (3) distance from the most inferior extent of the shaft fracture to the tibial plafond (DTP), (4) width of the tibial plafond, (5) width of the tibial isthmus, (6) ratio of fracture length to DTP (FTP), and (7) fibular fracture distance.

Main Outcome Measure:
Distal intra-articular involvement (DIA).

Results:
A total of 217 patients were identified, 56 (26%) with DIA. The FTP ratio as measured on both the AP (odds ratio: 8.20, confidence interval, 4.26–17.22, P < 0.0001) and lateral radiographs (10.00, 4.78–23.23, <0.0001) was the most effective screening measurement for DIA. AP and lateral FTP ratios of 0.224 and 0.255, respectively, achieved a negative predictive value of 100%, eliminating the need for computed tomography in 16%–23% of injuries.

Conclusion:
Involvement of the distal articular surface in patients with distal tibial shaft fractures is significantly associated with fracture geometry and pattern. The FTP ratio may be used as an effective screening tool to rule out of intra-articular involvement.

Level of Evidence:
Diagnostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Sleep Medications Containing Melatonin can Potentially Induce Ventricular Arrhythmias in Structurally Normal Hearts: A 2-Patient Report
Authors: de Vries Lennart J. , Géczy Tamas , Szili-Torok Tamas 
Published: July 2017

Abstract:Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias (IVAs) are relatively common in the general population and usually have a good prognosis. However, frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) can lower the quality of life (in symptomatic cases) and can cause cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death. In this report, we demonstrate a novel trigger for IVAs. Melatonin use for treating sleep disorders has increased significantly in recent years. We provide here the first human evidence of its proarrhythmic effect by presenting 2 patients (with normal myocardium) with symptomatic PVCs, while on melatonin. Discontinuation of melatonin stopped PVCs in both patients. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying precipitating factors for IVAs.
Genetics Influence Neurocognitive Performance at Baseline but Not Concussion History in Collegiate Student-Athletes
Authors: Cochrane Graham D. , Sundman Mark H. , Hall Eric E. , Kostek Matthew C. , Patel Kirtida , Barnes Kenneth P. , Ketcham Caroline J. 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
This study investigates 4 single-nucleotide polymorphisms [Apolipoprotein E (APOE), APOE promoter, catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), and dopamine D2 receptor] that have been implicated in concussion susceptibility and/or cognitive ability in collegiate student-athletes.

Design:
Cross-sectional study.

Setting:
Neuroscience laboratory at Elon University.

Participants:
Two hundred fifty division I collegiate student-athletes (66 women, 184 men) from various sports.

Intervention:
All participants completed Immediate Postconcussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) testing at baseline concussion testing and had a buccal swab taken for DNA for genotyping.

Main Outcome Measures:
Self-reported history of concussions and neurocognitive performance were taken from ImPACT.

Results:
Individuals carrying an ε4 allele in their APOE gene had a significantly slower reaction time (P = 0.001). Individuals homozygous for the Val allele of the COMT gene showed significantly worse impulse control scores (P = 0.014). None of the genotypes were able to predict self-reported concussion history in collegiate student-athletes.

Conclusions:
These results indicate that certain genotypes may influence performance on cognitive testing at baseline and that the APOE genotypes may not influence concussion susceptibility as suggested by past studies.
Significance of Endolymphatic Hydrops in Ears With Unilateral Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Authors: Okazaki Yuriko , Yoshida Tadao , Sugimoto Satofumi , Teranishi Masaaki , Kato Ken , Naganawa Shinji , Sone Michihiko 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the existence of endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in affected and unaffected ears in patients with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) using contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and to evaluate the significance of EH in various otological diseases.

Study Design:
Retrospective study.

Setting:
University hospital.

Methods:
One hundred eighty-two ears from 91 patients with unilateral SNHL were studied. The endolymphatic space was evaluated using 3-Tesla MRI with gadodiamide hydrate. Imaging data about the degree of EH in the cochlea and vestibule were analyzed and compared between ears with various otological diseases.

Results:
All affected ears with delayed endolymphatic hydrops had EH. In affected ears with definite Menière's disease, cochlear EH was observed in all ears and vestibular EH in 93% of ears, and these rates were significantly higher in the affected than in the unaffected ears. EH was also observed in the cochlea and vestibule in 66% and 41%, respectively, of the affected ears with idiopathic sudden SNHL; however, these percentages did not differ significantly from those in the unaffected ears (52% and 38%, respectively).

Conclusion:
MRI showed that a high percentage of ears affected by Menière's disease or delayed endolymphatic hydrops had EH. Further studies should evaluate the implications of EH in ears, especially in those with sudden SNHL, in terms of secondary or pre-existing EH.
The management of pediatric hearing loss caused by auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder
Authors: Pham Nguyen S. 
Published: July 2017

Purpose of review
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) is a condition in which auditory testing reveals normal otoacoustic emissions, but auditory brainstem testing is abnormal or absent and speech discrimination is poor. This constellation of findings ostensibly suggests that the cochlea is healthy and an abnormality of conduction or processing of sound occurs along the nerve fibers. As more is learned about this condition, it is becoming clear that ANSD describes heterogeneous, distinct clinical entities that must be taken into account when devising treatment modalities.

Recent findings
Modern auditory testing, genetic testing, and neuroimaging can allow for an accurate understanding of the location of the lesion causing ANSD in the auditory pathway. Contributing causes can include genetic mutations, absent or deficient cochlear nerve, hypoxia and jaundice among others. Hearing aids can be successful in the management of ANSD. Several studies suggest that cochlear implantation can lead to successful hearing outcomes in a subset of this patient population.

Summary
Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder represents a relatively rare but important diagnosis for clinicians. Treatment for this condition includes hearing aids and FM systems in more mild cases, and cochlear implants in severe cases. Cochlear implantation for many patients can lead to a good hearing outcomes but the outcome can vary greatly depending on the underlying etiology of ANSD.