bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boolean Computation in Single‐Transistor Neuron
Authors: Li Hanxi , Hu Jiayang , Zhang Yishu , Chen Anzhe , Lin Li , Chen Ge , Chen Yance , Chai Jian , He Qian , Wang Hailiang , Huang Shiman , Zhou Jiachao , Xu Yang , Yu Bin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBrain neurons exhibit far more sophisticated and powerful information‐processing capabilities than the simple integrators commonly modeled in neuromorphic computing. A biological neuron can in fact efficiently perform Boolean algebra, including linear nonseparable operations. Traditional logic circuits require more than a dozen transistors combined as NOT, AND, and OR gates to implement XOR. Lacking biological competency, artificial neural networks require multilayered solutions to exercise XOR operation. Here, it is shown that a single‐transistor neuron, harnessing the intrinsic ambipolarity of graphene and ionic filamentary dynamics, can enable in situ reconfigurable multiple Boolean operations from linear separable to linear nonseparable in an ultra‐compact design. By leveraging the spatiotemporal integration of inputs, bio‐realistic spiking‐dependent Boolean computation is fully realized, rivaling the efficiency of a human brain. Furthermore, a soft‐XOR‐based neural network via algorithm‐hardware co‐design, showcasing substantial performance improvement, is demonstrated. These results demonstrate how the artificial neuron, in the ultra‐compact form of a single transistor, may function as a powerful platform for Boolean operations. These findings are anticipated to be a starting point for implementing more sophisticated computations at the individual transistor neuron level, leading to super‐scalable neural networks for resource‐efficient brain‐inspired information processing.
Natural SNP Variation in GbOSM1 Promotor Enhances Verticillium Wilt Resistance in Cotton
Authors: Wang Guilin , Zhang Dayong , Wang Haitang , Kong Jinmin , Chen Zhiguo , Ruan Chaofeng , Deng Chaoyang , Zheng Qihang , Guo Zhan , Liu Hanqiao , Li Weixi , Wang Xinyu , Guo Wangzhen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOsmotin is classified as the pathogenesis‐related protein 5 group. However, its molecular mechanism involved in plant disease resistance remains largely unknown. Here, a Verticillium wilt (VW) resistance‐related osmotin gene is identified in Gossypium barbadense (Gb), GbOSM1. GbOSM1 is preferentially expressed in the roots of disease‐resistant G. barbadense acc. Hai7124 and highly induced by Verticillium dahliae (Vd). Silencing GbOSM1 reduces the VW resistance of Hai7124, while overexpression of GbOSM1 in disease‐susceptible G. hirsutum improves tolerance. GbOSM1 predominantly localizes in tonoplasts, while it relocates to the apoplast upon exposure to osmotic stress or Vd infection. GbOSM1 confers VW resistance by hydrolyzing cell wall polysaccharides of Vd and activating plant immune pathways. Natural variation contributes to a differential CCAAT/CCGAT elements in the OSM1 promoter in cotton accessions. All G. hirsutum (Gh) exhibit the CCAAT haplotype, while there are two haplotypes of CCAAT/CCGAT in G. barbadense, with higher expression and stronger VW resistance in CCGAT haplotype. A NFYA5 transcription factor binds to the CCAAT element of GhOSM1 promoter and inhibits its transcription. Silencing GhNFYA5 results in higher GhOSM1 expression and enhances VW resistance. These results broaden the insights into the functional mechanisms of osmotin and provide an effective strategy to breed VW‐resistant cotton.
Blue Light Controlled Supramolecular Soft Robotics of Phenylazothiazole Amphiphiles for Rapid Macroscopic Actuations
Authors: Chau Ming‐Hin , Wong Wai‐Ki , Kajitani Takashi , Leung Franco King‐Chi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNature preprograms sophisticated processes in operating molecular machines at the nanoscale, amplifying the molecular motion across multiple length‐scales, and controlling movements in living organisms. Supramolecular soft robotics serve as a new alternative to hard robotics, are able to transform and amplify collective motions of the supramolecularly assembled molecular machines in attaining macroscopic motions, upon photoirradiation. By taking advantage of oriented supramolecular macroscopic soft scaffold, here the first rapid macroscopic movements of supramolecular robotic materials driven by visible light are presented. Head‐tail amphiphilic structure is designed with the phenylazothiazole motif as the photoswitching core. Unidirectionally aligned nanostructures of the amphiphilic phenylazothiazoles are controlled by non‐invasive blue light irradiation and bends toward the light source, demonstrating a fast macroscopic actuation of supramolecular robotic systems (up to 17° s−1) in aqueous media. Through meticulous X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy analyzes, macroscopic actuation mechanism is illustrated in a tight relation to molecular geometric transformations upon photoisomerization. By elucidating the key macroscopic actuation parameters, this paves the way for the next generation design of supramolecular soft robotic systems with enhanced biomimetic actuating functions.
Bi‐Functional Materials for Sulfur Cathode and Lithium Metal Anode of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Status and Challenges
Authors: Dou Ying , Guo Junling , Shao Junke , Duan Jiaozi , Liang Huan , Cheng Xing , He Yanbing , Liu Jinping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, the most fundamental challenges faced by the development of lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) and their effective solutions have been extensively studied. To further transfer LSBs from the research phase into the industrial phase, strategies to improve the performance of LSBs under practical conditions are comprehensively investigated. These strategies can simultaneously optimize the sulfur cathode and Li‐metal anode to account for their interactions under practical conditions, without involving complex preparation or costly processes. Therefore, “two‐in‐one” strategies, which meet the above requirements because they can simultaneously improve the performance of both electrodes, are widely investigated. However, their development faces several challenges, such as confused design ideas for bi‐functional sites and simplex evaluation methods (i. e. evaluating strategies based on their bi‐functionality only). To date, as few reviews have focused on these challenges, the modification direction of these strategies is indistinct, hindering further developments in the field. In this review, the advances achieved in “two‐in‐one” strategies and categorizing them based on their design ideas are summarized. These strategies are then comprehensively evaluated in terms of bi‐functionality, large‐scale preparation, impact on energy density, and economy. Finally, the challenges still faced by these strategies and some research prospects are discussed.
Boosting the Strength and Toughness of Polymer Blends via Ligand‐Modulated MOFs
Authors: Kuang Tairong , Guo Hongxin , Guo Wei , Liu Wenxian , Li Wei , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Vatankhah‐Varnosfaderani Mohammad , Sheiko Sergei S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMechanically robust and tough polymeric materials are in high demand for applications ranging from flexible electronics to aerospace. However, achieving both high toughness and strength in polymers remains a significant challenge due to their inherently contradictory nature. Here, a universal strategy for enhancing the toughness and strength of polymer blends using ligand‐modulated metal–organic framework (MOF) nanoparticles is presented, which are engineered to have adjustable hydrophilicity and lipophilicity by varying the types and ratios of ligands. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations demonstrate that these nanoparticles can effectively regulate the interfaces between chemically distinct polymers based on their amphiphilicity. Remarkably, a mere 0.1 wt.% of MOF nanoparticles with optimized amphiphilicity (ML‐MOF(5:5)) delivered ≈1.1‐ and ≈34.1‐fold increase in strength and toughness of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) blend, respectively. Moreover, these amphiphilicity‐tailorable MOF nanoparticles universally enhance the mechanical properties of various polymer blends, such as polypropylene (PP)/polyethylene (PE), PP/polystyrene (PS), PLA/poly (butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT), and PLA/polycaprolactone (PCL)/PBS. This simple universal method offers significant potential for strengthening and toughening various polymer blends.
Monolayer MoS2 and WS2 for Vertical Circular‐ Polarized‐Light‐Emitting Diode: from Fundamental Understanding to Device Architecture
Authors: Swain Gayatri , Choi Gyu Jin , Gwag Jin Seog , Kim Youngsoo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLight‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have revolutionized lighting and displays due to their numerous advantages over conventional lighting mechanisms. Moreover, the directional nature of luminescent materials has spurred significant advancements in the development of circularly polarized LEDs, which hold transformative potential for applications in biomedical imaging, liquid crystal displays, spintronics, and valleytronics. The performance of circularly polarized LEDs mainly depends on the emitter material, which is this study's focus. In particular, semiconducting‐phase 2D monolayer MoS2 and WS2 are attractive emitter‐material candidates owing to their bandgap versatility, high carrier mobility, high exciton binding energy, polarized‐light‐emission properties, and unique spin–valley coupling. Several works have examined the fundamental light‐emission properties of monolayer MoS2 and WS2 from the perspectives of optoelectronic concepts, material fabrication, and device construction. This paper presents approaches to control, tune, and enhance these properties of monolayer MoS2 and WS2. Possible guidelines for monolayer‐material synthesis (top‐down and bottom‐up approaches) and device engineering of vertically stacked MoS2 and WS2 are presented. Finally, the review considers the material topological characteristics, outlines the challenges and potential of monolayer MoS2 and WS2 for developing high‐performance commercial circularly polarized LED devices, and proposes a technological roadmap for leveraging other monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide systems in optoelectronic devices.
A Revised High‐Throughput Screening Model on Oxygen Reduction Reaction Over Dual Atom Catalysts Based on the Axial Pre‐Adsorption and O2 Adsorption
Authors: Li Danyang , Sun Panpan , Xu Haoxiang , Yun Jimmy , Cao Dapeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDual‐atom catalysts (DACs) often exhibit superior electrocatalytic activity, due to their versatile combinations and synergistic effects. However, the neglect of both dynamic axial adsorption of the active site upon working potential and the reactant adsorption as a rate‐determining step hinders the establishment of an accurate high‐throughput screening strategy. Here, the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of 42 kinds of 3d–3d metal DACs by density functional theory (DFT) calculations are systematiclly investigated and demonstrated that the ORR kinetics can be limited by O2* adsorption besides the proton–electron transfer step and the active center of DACs may be reconstructed by axial pre‐adsorption of intermediates under working potential. Therefore, the ORR volcano plot is proposed by using both the O2* and OH* adsorption as activity descriptors. Then, a high‐throughput screening method is constructed and 38 promising ORR DACs are screened out from 267 DACs containing 3d, 4d, or 5d metals. Importantly, the previously unexplored MnCoN6 DAC is also experimentally synthesized, and exhibits ultrahigh ORR activity outperforming Pt/C, perfectly matching with theoretical prediction. In short, this work not only proposes a volcano plot‐based high‐throughput screening method but also provides a proof‐of‐concept of experimental verification of theoretical prediction to heuristically design electrocatalysts for other reactions.
Upfront surgery, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy for rectal cancer with lateral lymph node metastasis: A multicenter MRI and lateral lymph node dissection study
Authors: Miura Takuya , Kawai Kazushige , Fujita Hiromasa , Kazama Shinsuke , Ueno Hideki , Kinugasa Yusuke , Sakamoto Kazuhiro , Kobayashi Hirotoshi , Hakamada Kenichi , Ajioka Yoichi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThe purpose was to clarify the oncological outcomes of rectal cancer (RC) with lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) on high‐resolution MRI (HRMRI), considering preoperative treatments.MethodsTwo hundred and twelve patients, from 13 hospitals, diagnosed with RC with lateral lymph node dissection (LLND), between 2017 and 2019, were prospectively registered. LLNM was defined as a short‐axis size ≥5 mm. Ultimately, this study included 102 patients. Upfront surgery (Upfront), chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) were performed at each institution's discretion.ResultsSixty‐six (64.7%) had mesorectal fascia (MRF) involvement, 35 (34.3%) had extramural venous invasion, and 33 (32.4%) had bilateral LLNMs. A positive radial margin (RM1) was observed in nine patients (8.8%), and 35 (34.3%) had pathological LLNM (pLLNM). Overall, 3‐year relapse‐free survival (3yRFS) and local recurrence‐free survival (3yLRFS) were 69.6% and 92.9%. Upfront 3yRFS (N = 54), CRT (N = 23) and NAC (N = 25) constituted 62.9%, 82.6%, and 72.0%; 3yLRFS was 92.4%, 100%, and 88.0%. RM1 and pLLNM were significantly associated with LRFS (RM0 vs. RM1, 3yLRFS 96.7% vs. 50.0%; pLLNM negative vs. positive, 97.0% vs. 84.7%). 3yRFS Upfront non‐MRF (N = 21), post CRT non‐MRF (N = 15), and post NAC non‐MRF (N = 14) were 61.9%, 86.7%, and 100%; 3yLRFS was 90.2%, 100%, and 100%.ConclusionsGood local control of Upfront LLND for RC with LLNM was shown, but multidisciplinary treatments were required. CRT followed by surgery was preferable for RC with LLNM, but a radiation‐sparing strategy is promising for post NAC non‐MRF.
The Safe Drinking Water Act at 50: Another Identity Crisis
Authors: Tracy Mehan G. 
Published: October 2024

Key TakeawaysThe Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) of 1974 (amended in 1986, 1996, and 2018) shows the tension between purity and safety, cost and benefits, and balancing risks, down to today's policy debates.Following the 1996 amendments, regulatory successes include arsenic, radionuclides, filter backwash recycling, total coliform, disinfectants and disinfection byproducts, and enhanced surface water treatment.With recent drinking water standards, such as the 2024 per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances rule, based on very low detection levels, the SDWA continues to generate intense public dialogue.
Paragangliomas and syringomyelia in Tetralogy of Fallot—A case report and literature review
Authors: Guha Anasuya , Antonova Petra , Zelinka Tomas , Vicha Ales , Pacak Karel , Chovanec Martin 
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical MessagePulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries, paragangliomas, and syringomyelia are uncommon diseases. Furthermore, in the absence of any genetic link and with less than five reported adult patients surviving unrepaired rare form of Tetralogy of Fallot, our case shows noteworthiness. The possibility of definitive treatment of these conditions is rendered unsafe due to this persistent defect. Thus, management and ongoing survival of this patient remains complex and challenging.
Complex Hybrid Governance in the South American Borderlands: The Agency of Grassroots Actors in Transforming Violent Conflicts
Authors: Ferreira Marcos Alan , Villa Rafael D. , Braga Camila M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis article examines the role of grassroots actors in regions of violent conflict where competing governance systems exists. Specifically, it focuses on those living in the borderlands of South America, where alternative forms of governance may be created in response to violence between state and criminal organizations. In this context, how can grassroots actors overcome protracted armed violence and establish new, legitimate forms of social governance? To explore this question, our methodology employs data triangulation, combining literature, news reports, and fieldwork data collected in two violence‐prone territories: the borderlands of Cúcuta (Colombia)/Táchira state (Venezuela) and Pedro Juan Caballero (Paraguay)/Ponta Porã (Brazil). We argue that grassroots actors can develop innovative and alternative governance structures that differ from those of the state and criminal groups. This research also contributes to the ongoing discussion about the agency of local actors in violent conflicts between nonstate actors and the state. The findings demonstrate that grassroots actors in violent border regions can actively transform conflicts and build peace, particularly in areas such as migration, security, health, and education.
Auditors’ Trust in Audit Committees and Audit Quality
Authors: Adelopo Ismail , Cheung Kwok Yip , Zaman Mahbub 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn light of global advancements in corporate governance, it is imperative for external auditors and audit committees to engage in communication and interactions to ensure that external audits are conducted to a high standard and quality. While many studies report that audit committee expertise, diligence, and independence are associated with monitoring, often they do not provide explanation of the mechanisms through which these happen. There is limited research on how external auditors’ trust in audit committees affects their interactions and therefore audit quality. This paper examines external auditors’ trust and their interactions with audit committees. We find that external auditors’ perceptions of audit committee members’ competence, goodwill, and integrity shape their trust in audit committees. Overall, our findings suggest that auditors’ trust in audit committees enhances their perception of the quality of their interactions, affects information sharing and the conduct of the audit, and thus helps to improve the quality of auditing.
CT Imaging as a Single Modality for Clinical Staging of Gastric Cancer in Limited Resource Centers: A Retrospective Pilot Study
Authors: Klingbeil Kyle D. , Eng Isabel K. , Dube Priyanka , Dillon Dustin L. , Bechay Kirollos , Manouchehr‐Pour Shawdi , Bastani Roshan , Viragh Karoly , Thomas Mariam R. , Kadera Brian E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundGastric cancer disproportionately impacts populations in resource‐limited settings. Within a safety‐net network, we assessed the utility of computed tomography (CT) as a single staging modality.MethodsWe utilized a clinical database of gastric cancer patients treated within the Los Angeles County safety‐net hospital system from 2016 to 2023 in conjunction with retrospective imaging review by certified radiologists. We assessed agreement between clinical and pathological staging for patients who underwent curative gastrectomy using the Kappa coefficient.ResultsOf 107 patients with available CT imaging, 43.9% (n = 47) were staged with CT as a single modality. Most tumors displayed infiltrating (75%) or diffuse (28%) morphology, 41% displayed adequate gastric distention and regional lymphadenopathy was common (68%). Twenty‐nine patients underwent curative gastrectomy. Overall agreement was minimal (κ = 0.29, 95% CI [0.071−0.51], p = 0.022), weak for T3/T4 tumors (κ = 0.50, 95% CI [0.17−0.82], p < 0.01), and weak for Hispanic/Latino patients (κ = 0.47, 95% CI [0.19−0.76], p < 0.01).ConclusionsThere was minimal agreement between clinical and pathologic staging when assessing clinical stage by CT imaging alone, suggesting that CT is not adequate as a single modality staging tool. While every effort should be made to obtain multimodal staging, larger studies are warranted to improve CT imaging protocols for staging in resource‐limited settings.
A Quantum String‐Matching Algorithm
Authors: Prousalis Konstantinos , Kydros Asimakis , Konofaos Nikos 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA novel quantum algorithm for string‐matching is introduced that significantly enhances the complexity of this fundamental operation, essential in numerous computing applications. The algorithm is designed as a composite quantum denoising procedure applied to a quantum‐generated dot‐matrix plot, which is treated as an image. This approach effectively identifies regions of similarity between two input strings of lengths N and M. For strings of equal length, the algorithm achieves a time complexity of and a space complexity of , demonstrating a clear advantage in quantum computational efficiency.
Water tariffs and social equity: Towards water service connections and pricing instruments for the poor
Authors: Torio Philamer C. , Harris Leila M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAside from operational sustainability and efficiency goals, water tariffs also need to address the requirements of affordability and equity, in most instances, by providing subsidies to poor households. Yet, poor households are unable to enjoy the benefits of such cross‐subsidization and linked conveniences as they are unable to get water service connections. Even with a well‐designed water tariff, the inability of poor households to get piped connections results in the payment of premiums for water that is difficult to access and, at times, of questionable quality. In this paper, we assess the pro‐poor projects of three Philippine municipal water systems and suggest that providing water service connections to poor households allows these households to avoid paying the water poverty premium, as well as experience the related public health and quality of life benefits accruing from such connections. We argue that designing the best tariff for existing socio‐economic, political, and environmental realities must go hand in hand with programs that provide water service connections to poor households as this will ensure not only operational viability but also equitable water provision.
Shocks at Local Banks, EU GDP Growth, and Banking Sector Stability
Authors: Arca Pasqualina , Carosi Andrea , Moro Ornella 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter explores whether shocks originating at local banks affect the EU’s economic growth and banking system’s stability. Our analysis proceeds in two steps. In the first step, we identify locally dominant banks that substantially impact their local macroeconomic environment but are not among the largest European banks. We construct a measure of idiosyncratic shocks at these dominant local banks, the so-called Local Banking Granular Residual. We show that idiosyncratic shocks to these locally dominant banks propagate nationally and explain a significant portion of aggregate EU macroeconomic fluctuations. In a second step, we relate idiosyncratic shocks at local dominant banks to EU banking system stability, as measured by an EU Bank Z-score, and find significant evidence. We show that local banks matter in the EU.
Systemic Risk and Network Science: A Bibliometric and Systematic Review
Authors: Pacelli Vincenzo , Panetta Ida Claudia , Povia Maria Melania 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEstimating systemic risk in networks of financial institutions is increasingly a challenge in policymaking. The complexity of financial networks may increase the difficulty of mitigating systemic risk and how the topology of connections can propagate the failure of an individual entity through the network in the system. Our study’s primary purpose is to apply the bibliometric techniques and the systematic review method to understand the evolution of research on systemic risk and interconnectedness among financial markets and institutions and highlight the literature’s progress during the period from 2008 to 2023. Results suggest that systemic risk and financial networks have experienced rapid growth during the last decade, and this can contribute to a future research agenda on the topic.