bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sharp decline in male fertility in F2 hybrids of the female-heterogametic silk moth Bombyx
Authors: Matsukawa Kana , Kato Yasuko , Yoshida Aya , Onishi Hisaka , Nakano Sachiko , Itoh Masanobu , Takano-Shimizu-Kouno Toshiyuki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Sexual selection drives rapid evolution of morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits, especially in males, and it may also drive the rapid evolution of hybrid male sterility. Indeed, the faster male theory of speciation was once viewed as a major cause of Haldane's rule in male-heterogametic XY taxa, but is increasingly being replaced by the genetic conflict hypothesis partly because it cannot explain the faster evolution of hybrid female sterility in female-heterogametic ZW taxa. The theory nonetheless predicts that there should be more genes for hybrid male sterility than for hybrid female sterility even in such taxa, but this remains untested. Thus, finding evidence for the faster male theory of reproductive isolation beyond the F1 generation in ZW systems still represents a challenge to studying the impact of sexual selection. In this study, we examined F2 hybrids between the domesticated silkworm Bombyx mori and the wild silk moth Bombyx mandarina, which have ZW sex determination. We found that although only females showed reduced fertility in the F1 generation, the F2 hybrid males had a significant reduction in fertility compared with the parental and F1 males. Importantly, 27% of the F2 males and 15% of the F2 females were completely sterile, suggesting the presence of recessive incompatibilities causing male sterility in female-heterogametic taxa.
The distribution of beneficial mutational effects between two sister yeast species poorly explains natural outcomes of vineyard adaptation
Authors: Longan Emery R , Fay Justin C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Domesticated strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have adapted to resist copper and sulfite, 2 chemical stressors commonly used in winemaking. S. paradoxus has not adapted to these chemicals despite being consistently present in sympatry with S. cerevisiae in vineyards. This contrast could be driven by a number of factors including niche differences or differential access to resistance mutations between species. In this study, we used a comparative mutagenesis approach to test whether S. paradoxus is mutationally constrained with respect to acquiring greater copper and sulfite resistance. For both species, we assayed the rate, effect size, and pleiotropic costs of resistance mutations and sequenced a subset of 150 mutants. We found that the distributions of mutational effects displayed by the 2 species were similar and poorly explained the natural pattern. We also found that chromosome VIII aneuploidy and loss of function mutations in PMA1 confer copper resistance in both species, whereas loss of function mutations in REG1 was only a viable route to copper resistance in S. cerevisiae. We also observed a de novo duplication of the CUP1 gene in S. paradoxus but not in S. cerevisiae. For sulfite, loss of function mutations in RTS1 and KSP1 confer resistance in both species, but mutations in RTS1 have larger effects in S. paradoxus. Our results show that even when available mutations are largely similar, species can differ in the adaptive paths available to them. They also demonstrate that assays of the distribution of mutational effects may lack predictive insight concerning adaptive outcomes.
Species assignment from seal diet samples using shape analyses in a machine learning framework
Authors: Mion Monica , Berg Florian , Saltalamacchia Francesco , Bartolino Valerio , Lövgren Johan , Bergenius Nord Mikaela , Gilljam David , Blass Martina , Lundström Karl 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The identification and quantification of prey ingested is a limiting factor in trophic ecology studies and is fundamental for assessing the impact of a predator on prey populations. Vendace (Coregonus albula) and whitefish (C. lavaretus) are two congeneric species, which are commonly preyed on by Baltic ringed seals (Pusa hispida). The otoliths of these two species are, however, very similar and distinguishing between them in the seal diet using visual inspection has so far been challenging. Here, otolith shape outline analyses were used in combination with machine learning techniques to discriminate between eroded vendace and whitefish otoliths from ringed seal diet samples. An experiment of in vitro digestion of the otoliths was performed to train a machine learning model. Our model is able to self-assign known digested otoliths back to their species of origin with &gt;90% accuracy. Furthermore, 89% (N = 690) of the otoliths collected from digestive tract samples could be successfully assigned to species level, i.e. vendace or whitefish. This method is readily applicable for improved understanding of ringed seal feeding habits and predator–prey interactions, as well as large-scale applications to generate seal-predation matrix inputs for stock assessments of vendace and whitefish. Further development of the machine learning techniques to discriminate between prey species in seal and other piscivorous diets is strongly encouraged.
Ontological Security and Climate Policy in Jair Bolsonaro’s Brazil: Understanding the Emotional Underpinnings of Environmental Destruction
Authors: Maitino Martin , Vieira Marco 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we examine Brazil's climate/environmental discourse and policy during Jair Bolsonaro's administration (2019–2022), focusing on the relationship between the state leader and the powerful agricultural sector. We address the following question: What factors drove and sustained Bolsonaro's strong connection with Brazilian agribusiness, leading to the normalization of policies and discourses that undermined Brazil's environmental commitments and stance in global climate negotiations? We argue that, by mobilizing and embracing collective experiences and symbols of Brazilian agribusiness and confronting those who were seen as threats to these, Jair Bolsonaro's administration promoted a fantasized and emotionally charged conception of Brazil's national identity that merged the nation to the symbolic orientation of a sub-national group. The inter-subjective constitution of ontological security, through emotional attachments, was the outcome of a temporary symbiosis between these two state/societal actors which embraced and realized a shared fantasy, leading to the normalization of a set of climate policies, discourses, and practices. Drawing on Lacan, we propose that the enjoyment (jouissance), deriving from the inter-relationship between the pursuit of a desired fantasy of nationhood and the fixation on those who were perceived as obstacles to it, was the driving force behind the ontological security aspirations and the accompanying political projects of both state actors and the agricultural sector that persisted even after Bolsonaro's departure from the presidency.
On the Indexes in Some Continental Editions of Milton’s Pro Populo Anglicano Defensio and Salmasius’s Defensio Regia, with an Addendum on the Publisher Adrienne Brillet
Authors: Vozar T M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article examines the indexes in some Continental editions of John Milton’s Pro populo Anglicano defensio and Claudius Salmasius’s Defensio Regia. Previously little noticed, the indexes are treated here both as a marketing device for publishers and as a guide for the perusal of the polemics. The authorship of the index to the Pro populo Anglicano defensio is considered in relation to the bibliography of that work as well as Milton’s attitudes toward indexing. The Miltonic index is shown to possess a rhetorical construction in its own right and to provide a means for readers to easily access the main points of the controversy. The later Salmasian index is approached similarly. An addendum highlights the career of the Parisian publisher Adrienne Brillet, who printed both indexes in a unique joint edition of the polemics, with special attention to her dealings with Salmasius.
MIR164B ensures robust Arabidopsis leaf development by compensating for compromised POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX2 function
Authors: Maugarny Aude , Vialette Aurélie , Adroher Bernard , Sarthou Anne-Sophie , Mathy-Franchet Nathalie , Azzopardi Marianne , Nicolas Antoine , Roudier François , Laufs Patrick 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Robustness is pervasive throughout biological systems, enabling them to maintain persistent outputs despite perturbations in their components. Here, we reveal a mechanism contributing to leaf morphology robustness in the face of genetic perturbations. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), leaf shape is established during early development through the quantitative action of the CUP-SHAPED COTYLEDON2 (CUC2) protein, whose encoding gene is negatively regulated by the co-expressed MICRORNA164A (MIR164A) gene. Compromised epigenetic regulation due to defective Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) function results in the transcriptional derepression of CUC2 but has no impact on CUC2 protein dynamics or early morphogenesis. We solve this apparent paradox by showing that compromised PRC2 function simultaneously derepresses the expression of another member of the MIR164 gene family, MIR164B. This mechanism dampens CUC2 protein levels, thereby compensating for compromised PRC2 function and canalizing early leaf morphogenesis. Furthermore, we show that this compensation mechanism is active under different environmental conditions. Our findings shed light on how the interplay between different steps of gene expression regulation can contribute to developmental robustness.
Integrated approaches in nutraceutical delivery systems: optimizing ADME dynamics for enhanced therapeutic potency and clinical impact
Authors: Paul-Chima Ugwu Okechukwu , Ugwu Chinyere Nneoma , Alum Esther Ugo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Nutraceuticals is a general term for a variety of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids which have shown promising ability in the field of health. Efficacy of these drugs somewhat relies on their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes in the body.

Methods
This review provides a comprehensive understanding of ADME principles blended with the pharmacological insights into design customized nutraceutical interventions dependent on individual well-being. This review discusses absorption dynamics starting from ingestion and excretion and further examines how they relate to a therapeutic outcome. In addition, special focus is paid to breakthrough methods like artificial intelligence and multidisciplinary cooperations among other ways of improving nutraceutical science. Both nanotechnology and encapsulation techniques, together with other novel approaches, aim at improving the bioavailability of foods. This is important for the continuing advancements in food engineering.

Key findings
Any combination of such strategies will ensure effectiveness of nutraceuticals in personalized medicine, which in turn enables better lifestyle choices for the population.

Conclusions
It is crucial to add ADME-understanding to pharmacology-based insights into make nutraceutical adjustments according to the situation. Innovations in the forms of AI and multidisciplinary cooperation remain crucial in the progress of nutraceutical science. Methods like nanotechnology and encapsulation are powerful tools of improving bioavailability and tailor-made medicine, which in turn, will be responsible for healthier lives.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) Treatment Reduces Variability in Brain Function in Schizophrenia: Data From a Double-Blind, Randomized, Sham-Controlled Trial
Authors: Schifani Christin , Hawco Colin , Daskalakis Zafiris J , Rajji Tarek K , Mulsant Benoit H , Tan Vinh , Dickie Erin W , Moxon-Emre Iska , Blumberger Daniel M , Voineskos Aristotle N 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background/Hypothesis
There is increasing awareness of interindividual variability in brain function, with potentially major implications for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) efficacy. We perform a secondary analysis using data from a double-blind randomized controlled 4-week trial of 20 Hz active versus sham rTMS to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during a working memory task in participants with schizophrenia. We hypothesized that rTMS would change local functional activity and variability in the active group compared with sham.

Study Design
83 participants were randomized in the original trial, and offered neuroimaging pre- and post-treatment. Of those who successfully completed both scans (n = 57), rigorous quality control left n = 42 (active/sham: n = 19/23), who were included in this analysis. Working memory-evoked activity during an N-Back (3-Back vs 1-Back) task was contrasted. Changes in local brain activity were examined from an 8 mm ROI around the rTMS coordinates. Individual variability was examined as the mean correlational distance (MCD) in brain activity pattern from each participant to others within the same group.

Results
We observed an increase in task-evoked left DLPFC activity in the active group compared with sham (F1,36 = 5.83, False Discovery Rate (FDR))-corrected P = .04). Although whole-brain activation patterns were similar in both groups, active rTMS reduced the MCD in activation pattern compared with sham (F1,36 = 32.57, P &lt; .0001). Reduction in MCD was associated with improvements in attention performance (F1,16 = 14.82, P = .0014, uncorrected).

Conclusions
Active rTMS to DLPFC reduces individual variability of brain function in people with schizophrenia. Given that individual variability is typically higher in schizophrenia patients compared with controls, such reduction may “normalize” brain function during higher-order cognitive processing.
Multi-defense pathways against electrophiles through adduct formation by low molecular weight substances with sulfur atoms
Authors: Kumagai Yoshito , Abiko Yumi , Akiyama Masahiro , Unoki Takamitsu , Shinkai Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
There is a variety of electrophiles in the environment. In addition, there are precursor chemicals that undergo metabolic activation by enzymes and conversion to electrophiles in the body. Although electrophiles covalently bind to protein nucleophiles, they also form adducts associated with adaptive or toxic responses. Low molecular weight compounds containing sulfur are capable of blocking such adduct formation by capturing the electrophiles. In this review, we present our findings on the capture and inactivation of electrophiles by: (i) intracellular glutathione, (ii) reactive sulfur species, and (iii) extracellular cysteine (formed during the production of sulfur adducts). These actions not only substantially suppress electrophilic activity but also regulate protein adduct formation.
New role of calcium‐binding fluorescent dye alizarin complexone in detecting permeability from articular cartilage to subchondral bone
Authors: Cui Mingshu , Chen Mengcun , Yang Yanmei , Akel Hamza , Wang Bin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disorder characterized by the progressive deterioration of articular cartilage and concomitant alterations in subchondral bone architecture. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of OA remains poorly understood. In the present study, we explored whether the calcification in the articular cartilage occurred in the early stage of mouse OA model, generated by the surgery destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM), via the intra‐articular injection of alizarin complexone due to its anionic nature for binding calcium‐containing crystals. Although we did not observe the calcification in the articular cartilage of early stage of DMM mice, we unexpectedly identified alizarin complexone had the diffusion capacity for detecting the permeability from the articular cartilage to subchondral bone. Our data showed that the diffusion of alizarin complexone from the articular cartilage to calcified cartilage was greater in the early stage of DMM mice than that in sham controls. Additionally, we observed enhanced penetration of alizarin complexone through the periosteum in DMM mice compared to sham mice. In summary, we developed a novel imaging method that offers a valuable tool for further exploration of biochemical communication underlying OA development. Our findings provided new evidence that increased molecular interactions between the articular cartilage and subchondral bone is involved in the pathogenesis of OA progression.
The soluble factor milieu in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis dysregulates epithelial differentiation
Authors: Kortekaas Rosa K. , Geillinger‐Kästle Kerstin E. , Fuentes‐Mateos Rocío , Schönleber Anita , van der Koog Luke , Elferink Robin A. B. , Al‐Alyan Nakaa , Burgess Janette K. , Gosens Reinoud 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), epithelial abnormalities are present including bronchiolization and alveolar cell dysfunction. We hypothesized that the IPF microenvironment disrupts normal epithelial growth and differentiation. We mimicked the soluble factors within an IPF microenvironment using an IPF cocktail (IPFc), composed of nine factors which are increased in IPF lungs (CCL2, IL‐1β, IL‐4, IL‐8, IL‐13, IL‐33, TGF‐β, TNFα, and TSLP). Using IPFc, we asked whether the soluble factor milieu in IPF affects epithelial growth and differentiation and how IPFc compares to TGF‐β alone. Epithelial growth and differentiation were studied using mouse lung organoids (primary Epcam+ epithelial cells co‐cultured with CCL206 fibroblasts). Organoids exposed to IPFc and TGF‐β were re‐sorted into epithelial and fibroblast fractions and subjected to RNA sequencing. IPFc did not affect the number of organoids formed. However, pro‐surfactant protein C expression was decreased. On these parameters, TGF‐β alone had similar effects. However, RNA sequencing of re‐sorted organoids revealed that IPFc and TGF‐β had distinct effects on both epithelial cells and fibroblasts. IPFc upregulated goblet cell markers, whereas these were inhibited by TGF‐β. Although both IPFc and TGF‐β increased extracellular matrix gene expression, only TGF‐β increased myofibroblast markers. VEGF‐C and Wnt signaling were among the most differentially regulated signaling pathways by IPFc versus TGF‐β. Interestingly, Wnt pathway activation rescued Sftpc downregulation induced by IPFc. In conclusion, IPFc alters epithelial differentiation in a way that is distinct from TGF‐β. Alterations in Wnt signaling contribute to these effects. IPFc may be a more comprehensive representation of the soluble factor microenvironment in IPF.
The pan‐cancer landscape presented ITGA7 as a prognostic determinant, tumor suppressor, and oncogene in multiple tumor types
Authors: Zarei Mahboobeh , Sadri Fatemeh , Mohajeri Khorasani Amirhossein , Mirinezhad MohammadReza , Mousavi Pegah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntegrin α7 (ITGA7) is an extracellular matrix‐binding protein. Integrins are the main type of cell adhesive molecules in mammals, playing a role in many biological pathways. Although various studies have shown correlations between ITGA7 and various types of cancer, a comprehensive study at a pan‐cancer level has not yet been conducted. In this study, we investigated the function of ITGA7 in distinct tumor types using the multi‐omics relevant information, then two CeRNA regulatory network was drawn to identify the ITGA7 hub regulatory RNAs. The results indicated that the expression of ITGA7 varies in different tumors. Overexpression of ITGA7 was correlated with a worse OS in BLCA, LGG, and UVM, and the downregulation of ITGA7 was related to a worse OS in PAAD. In addition, BLCA, and UVM showed poor PFS in association with ITGA7 overexpression, and PAAD, SARC, and THCA indicated poor PFS in correlation with ITGA7 under expression. Further analyses of ITGA7 gene alteration data showed that ITGA7 amplifications may have an impact on Kidney Chromophobe prognosis. In 20 types of tumors, ITGA7 expression was linked to cancer‐associated fibroblast infiltration. ITGA7 expression was linked to cancer‐associated fibroblast infiltration. ITGA7‐Related Gene Enrichment Analysis indicated that ITGA7 expression‐correlated and functional binding genes were enriched in homotypic cell–cell adhesion, focal adhesion, and ECM‐receptor interaction. This pan‐cancer study found that abnormal expression of ITGA7 was correlated with poor prognosis and metastasis in different types of tumors. Thus, the ITGA7 gene may prove to be a promising biomarker for the prognosis and complication prevention of different cancers.
HIF‐1α induced FGF18 alleviates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via YAP
Authors: Wang Nan , Huang Zhiyuan , Guan Fangqian , Wang Jiaqi , Chen Yinyun , Wang Hong , Jin Litai , Wang Yang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a devastating clinical condition characterized by an abrupt loss of renal function. The pathophysiology of AKI involves diverse processes and elements, of which survival and regeneration have been established to be significant hallmarks. And early studies have confirmed the fundamental role of FGFs in the regulation of AKI pathology, although the association between FGF18 and AKI still remains elusive. Our study demonstrates a substantial up‐regulation of FGF18 in the renal tubules of mice subjected to ischemia. Notably, targeted overexpression of FGF18 effectively mitigates the impairment of kidney function induced by AKI. Mechanistically, FGF18 facilitates cell proliferation and anti‐apoptosis in RTECs by enhancing the expression of YAP and facilitating its translocation to the nucleus. Aside from that, we also discovered that the substantial expression of FGF18 under ischemic conditions is HIF‐1α dependent. This study aims to uncover the inherent mechanism behind the beneficial effects of FGF18 in attenuating AKI. By doing so, it aims to offer novel insights into the development of therapeutic strategies for AKI.