bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron status of young children from immigrant families
Authors: Saunders Natasha Ruth , Parkin Patricia C , Birken Catherine S , Maguire Jonathon L , Borkhoff Cornelia M 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesChildren from immigrant families may be at risk for iron deficiency (ID) due to differences in pre-migration and post-migration exposures. Our objectives were to determine whether there is an association between family immigrant status and iron stores and to evaluate whether known dietary, environmental or biological determinants of low iron status influence this relationship.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study of healthy urban preschool children (12–72 months) recruited from seven primary care practices in Toronto. Laboratory assessment of serum ferritin and haemoglobin and standardised parent-completed surveys were completed between 2008 and 2013 during routine health maintenance visits. Multiple regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between family immigrant status and serum ferritin, ID (ferritin <14 μg/L) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) (ferritin <14 μg/L and haemoglobin ≤110 g/L).ResultsOf 2614 children included in the analysis, 47.6% had immigrant family status. The median serum ferritin was 30 μg/L and 10.4% of all children had ID and 1.9% had IDA. After adjusting for maternal ethnicity and education, age, sex, income quintile, cow's milk intake, breastfeeding duration and bottle use, there were no significant associations between immigrant status and ferritin, ID or IDA. Significant predictors of low iron status included age, sex, cow's milk intake and breastfeeding duration.ConclusionsWe found no association between family immigrant status and iron status after including clinically important covariates in the models. These data suggest immigrant children may not need enhanced screening for iron status or targeted interventions for iron supplementation.
Challenges in collecting clinical samples for research from pregnant women of South Asian origin: evidence from a UK study
Authors: Neelotpol Sharmind , Hay Alastair W M , Jolly A Jim , Woolridge Mike W 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo recruit South Asian pregnant women, living in the UK, into a clinicoepidemiological study for the collection of lifestyle survey data and antenatal blood and to retain the women for the later collection of cord blood and meconium samples from their babies for biochemical analysis.DesignA longitudinal study recruiting pregnant women of South Asian and Caucasian origin living in the UK.SettingRecruitment of the participants, collection of clinical samples and survey data took place at the 2 sites within a single UK Northern Hospital Trust.ParticipantsPregnant women of South Asian origin (study group, n=98) and of Caucasian origin (comparison group, n=38) living in Leeds, UK.ResultsAmong the participants approached, 81% agreed to take part in the study while a ‘direct approach’ method was followed. The retention rate of the participants was a remarkable 93.4%. The main challenges in recruiting the ethnic minority participants were their cultural and religious conservativeness, language barrier, lack of interest and feeling of extra ‘stress’ in taking part in research. The chief investigator developed an innovative participant retention method, associated with the women's cultural and religious practices. The method proved useful in retaining the participants for about 5 months and in enabling successful collection of clinical samples from the same mother–baby pairs. The collection of clinical samples and lifestyle data exceeded the calculated sample size required to give the study sufficient power. The numbers of samples obtained were: maternal blood (n=171), cord blood (n=38), meconium (n=176), lifestyle questionnaire data (n=136) and postnatal records (n=136).ConclusionsRecruitment and retention of participants, according to the calculated sample size, ensured sufficient power and success for a clinicoepidemiological study. Results suggest that development of trust and confidence between the participant and the researcher is the key to the success of a clinical and epidemiological study involving ethnic minorities.
Relationship among diet habit and lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual function in outpatient-based males with LUTS/BPH: a multiregional and cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Chen Yuke , Yu Wei , Zhou Liqun , Wu Shiliang , Yang Yang , Wang Jianye , Tian Ye , He Dalin , Xu Yong , Huang Jian , Wang Xiaofeng , Gao Xin , Li Hanzhong , Ma Lulin , Zhang Ning , Zhao Shengtian , Jin Xunbo 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesThis study assessed the effect of diet habits on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and sexual function in Chinese men with LUTS/benign prostatic hypertrophy (LUTS/BPH).SettingMulticentre study conducted between July 2013 and December 2013 in 11 hospitals in 3 geographic regions in China.ParticipantsOverall, participants with LUTS/BPH accounted for 61.4% (2584/4208) of the respondents, whose data were processed in the following statistical analysis.Primary and secondary outcome measuresLUTS and sexual function were assessed based on the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) score. Prostate volume (PV) was determined by ultrasound.ResultsA total of 4208 participants met the inclusion criteria. The average age of the whole participants was 65.8±7.7 years. Overall, participants with LUTS/BPH accounted for 61.4% (2584/4208) of the respondents, whose data were processed in the following statistical analysis. Generally, prostate enlargement was greatest in south China. LUTS and male sexual dysfunction (MSD) were most severe in northwest China. Based on multivariable analysis, PV enlarged as the age (p<0.001), body mass index (BMI; p<0.001) and vegetable intake (p<0.001) increased. Age (p<0.001) and BMI (p<0.05) independently increased the IPSS. A higher level of education (p<0.001) and more frequent meat, fish and egg intake (p<0.05) decreased the IPSS. Age (p<0.001), BMI (p<0.001), low education level (p<0.05), vegetable intake (p=0.001), and milk and dairy product intake (p=0.001) decreased the IIEF-5 score.ConclusionsIn addition to factors including age, obesity and level of education, dietary habits and geographic difference might also play an important role in the variation of PV, LUTS and MSD for Chinese men with LUTS/BPH.
Weight for gestational age and metabolically healthy obesity in adults from the Haguenau cohort
Authors: Matta Joane , Carette Claire , Levy Marchal Claire , Bertrand Julien , Pétéra Mélanie , Zins Marie , Pujos-Guillot Estelle , Comte Blandine , Czernichow Sébastien 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundAn obesity subphenotype, named ‘metabolically healthy obese’ (MHO) has been recently defined to characterise a subgroup of obese individuals with less risk for cardiometabolic abnormalities. To date no data are available on participants born with small weight for gestational age (SGA) and the risk of metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUHO).ObjectiveAssess the risk of MUHO in SGA versus appropriate for gestational age (AGA) adult participants.Methods129 young obese individuals (body mass index ≥30 kg/m²) from data of an 8-year follow-up Haguenau cohort (France), were identified out of 1308 participants and were divided into 2 groups: SGA (n=72) and AGA (n=57). Metabolic characteristics were analysed and compared using unpaired t-test. The HOMA-IR index was determined for the population and divided into quartiles. Obese participants within the first 3 quartiles were considered as MHO and those in the fourth quartile as MUHO. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% CI for being MUHO in SGA versus AGA participants were computed.ResultsThe SGA-obese group had a higher risk of MUHO versus the AGA-obese group: RR=1.27 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.6) independently of age and sex.ConclusionsIn case of obesity, SGA might confer a higher risk of MUHO compared with AGA.
Deployment technique that takes advantage of the characteristics of Enterprise VRD2: an in vitro study
Authors: Chihara Hideo , Ishii Akira , Kikuchi Takayuki , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Arai Daisuke , Miyamoto Susumu 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundEnterprise VRD, a stent frequently used to assist coil embolization of cerebral aneurysms, has been upgraded to reduce the risk of incomplete stent apposition (ISA), a known risk factor for thromboembolic complications.ObjectiveTo compare the performances of Enterprise VRD and Enterprise VRD2 in curved vessels, and to investigate a deployment method that takes advantage of the features of Enterprise VRD2 to achieve better vessel wall apposition.Materials and methodsA silicone vascular model connected to a temperature-adjustable perfusion circuit was used. First, Enterprise VRD and Enterprise VRD2 were deployed under fluoroscopy and then ISA was evaluated as the stent cross-sectional area ratio at the curved segment of the vessel. For the measurements, each stent was deployed in vessels with different angles of curvature. Second, the incidence of ISA after insertion of Enterprise VRD2 by the ‘pushing over outer curve technique’, in which stents are deployed along the outer curve of vessels with continuous wire advancement, was compared with ‘Heller's push and pull technique’.ResultsFor all stents, the cross-sectional area ratio decreased with acute curvature of the vessel. Comparisons of the two stents showed that Enterprise VRD2 was better than Enterprise VRD in maintaining a greater cross-sectional area ratio in curved vessels. In addition, kinking with an acute curvature was also minimized with Enterprise VRD2. Furthermore, ISA was reduced using our technique with Enterprise VRD2.ConclusionsEnterprise VRD2 is superior to Enterprise VRD in reducing ISA in curved vessels and can alter ISA according to the deployment technique used.
The road less traveled: transarterial embolization of dural arteriovenous fistulas via the ascending pharyngeal artery
Authors: Gross Bradley A , Albuquerque Felipe C , Moon Karam , McDougall Cameron G 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundWith the introduction of Onyx, transarterial embolization has become the most common endovascular approach to treating dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs), often via the middle meningeal or occipital arteries. The ascending pharyngeal artery (APA) is a less frequently explored transarterial route because of its small caliber, potential anastomoses to the internal carotid and vertebral arteries, and vital supply to lower cranial nerves.ObjectiveTo review our institutional experience and highlight the prevalence of APA supply to dAVFs and cases where it is a safe and effective pedicle for embolization.MethodsWe reviewed our endovascular database (January 1, 1996 to March 1, 2016) for cranial dAVFs, evaluating dAVF characteristics and embolization results for those treated transarterially via the APA.ResultsOf 267 endovascularly treated dAVFs, 68 had APA supply (25%). Of these 68 dAVFs, embolization was carried out via this pedicle in 8 (12%) and 7 were ultimately occluded. No complications, including post-treatment cranial neuropathies or radiographic evidence of non-target embolization, were found. For 5 dAVFs, the APA was selected as the initial pedicle for embolization (two marginal sinus, one distal sigmoid, one cavernous, one tentorial). In four of these five cases, dAVF occlusion was achieved via the initial APA feeding artery pedicle. In one case, near-complete, stagnant occlusion was achieved after APA embolization; complete occlusion was achieved after adjunctive embolization of a single additional middle meningeal artery pedicle. In three other cases of complex transverse/sigmoid dAVFs, the APA was used after multiple attempts via middle meningeal and occipital artery pedicles. Occlusion was not achieved transarterially; two of these three dAVFs were ultimately occluded transvenously.ConclusionsIn rare, select cases, the APA is an excellent route for transarterial embolization of cranial dAVFs.
Online Algorithms with Advice: A Survey
Authors: Boyar Joan , Favrholdt Lene M. , Kudahl Christian , Larsen Kim S. , Mikkelsen Jesper W. 
Published: September 2016

Online algorithms with advice is an area of research where one attempts to measure how much knowledge of the future is necessary to achieve a given competitive ratio. The lower bound results give robust bounds on what is possible using semi-online algorithms. On the other hand, when the advice is of an obtainable form, algorithms using advice can lead to semi-online algorithms. There are strong relationships between advice complexity and randomization, and advice complexity has led to the introduction of the first complexity classes for online problems.
This survey concerning online algorithms with advice explains the models, motivates the study in general, presents some examples of the work that has been carried out, and includes a fairly complete set of references, organized by problem studied.
Commentary on “Proteasome Inhibitors: A Novel Class of Potent and Effective Antitumor Agents”
Authors: Tew Kenneth D. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The relatively recent clinical success of bortezomib, particularly in multiple myeloma, has established the validity of the proteasome as a viable target for anticancer drug development. This highly cited 1999 Cancer Research article from Adams and colleagues was published during the period when this drug was transitioning from preclinical studies to phase I clinical trial status. Their results detail structure–activity analyses using a series of boronic acid proteasome inhibitors and correlate cytotoxicity with inhibition of proteasome activity. In and of itself, the recognition that interference with proteasome functions represented a novel therapeutic approach likely underlies the popularity of this article. In addition, the provision of in vitro (at that time using the NCI 60 cell line panel) and in vivo antitumor activity, toxicology, and mouse pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data provided a solid basis for establishing the future credentials for bortezomib to gain initial FDA approval in 2003. Cancer Res; 76(17); 4916–7. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Adams et al., Cancer Res 1999;59:2615–22.
Visit the Cancer Research 75th Anniversary timeline.
Developing EZH2-Targeted Therapy for Lung Cancer
Authors: Frankel Arthur E. , Liu Xin , Minna John D. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Summary: Epigenetic targets are exciting new avenues for cancer drug discovery. Zhang and colleagues have designed the open-source EZH2 inhibitor JQEZ5 and shown antitumor efficacy in vitro and in vivo in preclinical studies in murine and human lung adenocarcinoma models expressing high levels of EZH2. Cancer Discov; 6(9); 949–52. ©2016 AACR.
See related article by Zhang and colleagues, p. 1006.
Post-thrombotic syndrome in patients treated with rivaroxaban or enoxaparin/vitamin K antagonists for acute deep-vein thrombosis
Authors: Middeldorp Saskia , Prins Martin H. , Pap Akos F. , Lensing Anthonie W. A. , ten Cate-Hoek Arina J. , Villalta Sabina , Milan Marta , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Verhamme Peter , Bauersachs Rupert M. , Prandoni Paolo , Cheung Y. Whitney ,   on behalf of the Einstein PTS Investigators Group
Published: September 2016

SummaryPost-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is a common complication of deepvein thrombosis (DVT). Poor quality treatment with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) is a risk factor for PTS. We hypothesised that treatment with the direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) rivaroxaban may lower PTS incidence as compared to enoxaparin/VKA, as DOACs have a more stable pharmacologic profile than VKA. We performed a post-hoc subgroup analysis of the Einstein DVT trial (n=3449). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to compare the cumulative incidence of PTS between the rivaroxaban and enoxaparin/VKA groups. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. We included 336 patients with a mean age of 58 ± 16 years and a median follow-up after index DVT of 57 months (interquartile range 48–64). Of these, 162 (48 %) had been treated with rivaroxaban and 174 (52 %) with enoxaparin/VKA. The cumulative PTS incidence at 60 months follow-up was 29 % in the rivaroxaban group and 40 % in the enoxaparin/VKA group. After adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, previous VTE, ipsilateral recurrent DVT, extent of DVT, idiopathic DVT, duration of anticoagulant treatment, compliance to assigned study medication, elastic compression stocking use and active malignancy, the HR of PTS development for rivaroxaban was 0.76 (95 % CI: 0.51–1.13). In conclusion, treatment of acute DVT with rivaroxaban was associated with a numerically lower but statistically non-significant risk of PTS compared to enoxaparin/VKA treatment. The potential effect on reducing PTS deserves evaluation in a large randomised trial.Supplementary Material to this article is available online at www.thrombosis-online.com.
Impact of Pulmonary Hemodynamics and Ventricular Interdependence on Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Children With Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Burkett Dale A. , Slorach Cameron , Patel Sonali S. , Redington Andrew N. , Ivy D. Dunbar , Mertens Luc , Younoszai Adel K. , Friedberg Mark K. 
Published: September 2016

Background—
Through ventricular interdependence, pulmonary hypertension (PH) induces left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. We hypothesized that pediatric PH patients have LV diastolic dysfunction, related to adverse pulmonary hemodynamics, leftward septal shift, and prolonged right ventricular systole.

Methods and Results—

Echocardiography was prospectively performed at 2 institutions in 54 pediatric PH patients during cardiac catheterization and in 54 matched controls. Diastolic LV measures including myocardial deformation were assessed by echocardiography. PH patients had evidence of LV diastolic dysfunction, most consistent with impaired LV relaxation, though some features of reduced ventricular compliance were present. PH patients demonstrated the following: reduced mitral
E
velocity and inflow duration, mitral
E′
and
E′
/
A′
, septal
E′
and
A′
, pulmonary vein S and D wave velocities, and LV basal global early diastolic circumferential strain rate and increased mitral
E
deceleration time, LV isovolumic relaxation time, mitral
E
/
E′
, and pulmonary vein A wave duration. PH patients demonstrated leftward septal shift and prolonged right ventricular systole, both known to affect LV diastole. These changes were exacerbated in severe PH. There were no statistically significant differences in diastolic measures between patients with and without a shunt and minimal differences between patients with and without congenital heart disease. Multiple echocardiographic LV diastolic parameters demonstrated weak-to-moderate correlations with invasively determined PH severity, leftward septal shift, and prolonged right ventricular systole.

Conclusions—
Pediatric PH patients exhibit LV diastolic dysfunction most consistent with impaired relaxation and reduced myocardial deformation, related to invasive hemodynamics, leftward septal shift, and prolonged right ventricular systole.
In Vivo Post–Cardiac Arrest Myocardial Dysfunction Is Supported by Ca
2+
/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II–Mediated Calcium Long-Term Potentiation and Mitigated by Alda-1, an Agonist of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Type 2
Authors: Woods Christopher E. , Shang Ching , Taghavi Fouad , Downey Peter , Zalewski Adrian , Rubio Gabriel R. , Liu Jing , Homburger Julian R. , Grunwald Zachary , Qi Wei , Bollensdorff Christian , Thanaporn Porama , Ali Ayyaz , Riemer R. Kirk , Kohl Peter , Mochly-Rosen Daria , Gerstenfeld Edward , Large Stephen , Ali Ziad A. , Ashley Euan A. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Survival after sudden cardiac arrest is limited by postarrest myocardial dysfunction, but understanding of this phenomenon is constrained by a lack of data from a physiological model of disease. In this study, we established an in vivo model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation, characterized the biology of the associated myocardial dysfunction, and tested novel therapeutic strategies.

Methods:

We developed rodent models of in vivo postarrest myocardial dysfunction using extracorporeal membrane oxygenation resuscitation followed by invasive hemodynamics measurement. In postarrest isolated cardiomyocytes, we assessed mechanical load and Ca
2
+
-induced Ca
2+
release (CICR) simultaneously using the microcarbon fiber technique and observed reduced function and myofilament calcium sensitivity. We used a novel fiberoptic catheter imaging system and a genetically encoded calcium sensor, GCaMP6f, to image CICR in vivo.

Results:

We found potentiation of CICR in isolated cells from this extracorporeal membrane oxygenation model and in cells isolated from an ischemia/reperfusion Langendorff model perfused with oxygenated blood from an arrested animal but not when reperfused in saline. We established that CICR potentiation begins in vivo. The augmented CICR observed after arrest was mediated by the activation of Ca
2+
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII). Increased phosphorylation of CaMKII, phospholamban, and ryanodine receptor 2 was detected in the postarrest period. Exogenous adrenergic activation in vivo recapitulated Ca
2+
potentiation but was associated with lesser CaMKII activation. Because oxidative stress and aldehydic adduct formation were high after arrest, we tested a small-molecule activator of aldehyde dehydrogenase type 2, Alda-1, which reduced oxidative stress, restored calcium and CaMKII homeostasis, and improved cardiac function and postarrest outcome in vivo.

Conclusions:
Cardiac arrest and reperfusion lead to CaMKII activation and calcium long-term potentiation, which support cardiomyocyte contractility in the face of impaired postarrest myofilament calcium sensitivity. Alda-1 mitigates these effects, normalizes calcium cycling, and improves outcome.
An investigation of egg laying in Phelsuma (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonidae)
Authors: Osadnik Gerhard 
Published: September 2016

Egg-laying behaviour of 15 species and 5 subspecies of the diurnal gecko genus Phelsuma was investigated in captivity. Specific behaviour patterns associated with egg-laying ("site cleaning", "egg patting" and defense of the clutch) are described and their significance is discussed.
This work is the first to distinguish two groups within the genus Phelsuma according to the m ode of oviposition: "gluers" which glue their eggs to a substrate and "non-gluers". Gluers include all species from the Mascarene Islands and P. dubia from Madagascar; non-gluers include species from the Seychelles, Comores and Madagascar.
The relationship between m ode of oviposition and habitat of related South African geckos together with the present-day distribution of gluing and non-gluing species of Phelsuma lead to certain conclusions concerning the evolution of this genus.