bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
French summer droughts since 1326 CE: a reconstruction based on tree ring cellulose δ18O
Authors: Labuhn Inga , Daux Valérie , Girardclos Olivier , Stievenard Michel , Pierre Monique , Masson-Delmotte Valérie 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The reconstruction of droughts is essential for the understanding of past drought dynamics and can help evaluate future drought scenarios in a changing climate. This article presents a reconstruction of summer droughts in France based on annually resolved, absolutely dated chronologies of oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) in tree ring cellulose from Quercus spp. Samples were taken from living trees and timber wood from historic buildings at two sites: Fontainebleau (48°23′ N, 2°40′ E; 1326–2000 CE) and Angoulême (45°44′ N, 0°18′ E; 1360–2004 CE). Cellulose δ18O from these sites proved to be a good proxy of summer climate, as the trees were sensitive to temperature and moisture availability. However, offsets in average δ18O values between tree cohorts necessitated a correction before joining them to the final chronologies. Using the corrected δ18O chronologies, we developed models based on linear regression to reconstruct drought, expressed by the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The significant correlations between the SPEI and cellulose δ18O (r ≈ −0.70), as well as the verification of the models by independent data support the validity of these reconstructions. At both sites, recent decades are characterized by increasing drought. Fontainebleau displays dominantly wetter conditions during earlier centuries, whereas the current drought intensity is not unprecedented in the Angoulême record. While the δ18O chronologies at the two studied sites are highly correlated during the 19th and 20th centuries, there is a significant decrease in the correlation coefficient between 1600 and 1800 CE, which indicates either a weaker climate sensitivity of the tree ring proxies during this period, or a more heterogeneous climate in the north and the south of France. Future studies of tree ring isotope networks might reveal if the seasonality and spatial patterns of past droughts can explain this decoupling. A regional drought reconstruction based on a combination of the two sites shows good agreement with historical records of grape harvest dates in France, which provide another proxy of summer climate.
Eliciting Disease Data from Wikipedia Articles
Authors: Fairchild Geoffrey , De Silva Lalindra , Del Valle Sara Y. , Segre Alberto M. 
Published: May 2016

Traditional disease surveillance systems suffer from several disadvantages, including reporting lags and antiquated technology, that have caused a movement towards internet-based disease surveillance systems. This study presents the use of Wikipedia article content in this sphere. We demonstrate how a named-entity recognizer can be trained to tag case, death, and hospitalization counts in the article text. We also show that there are detailed time series data that are consistently updated that closely align with ground truth data. We argue that Wikipedia can be used to create the first community-driven open-source emerging disease detection, monitoring, and repository system.
Flea-Borne Rickettsiae in Almaty Oblast, Kazakhstan
Authors: Nurmakhanov Talgat , Sansyzbayev Yerlan , St. John Heidi , Farris Christina , Richards Allen 
Published: May 2016

To better understand the contribution of Rickettsia spp. to prevalent flea-borne diseases in Kazakhstan, we evaluated fleas collected in the Almaty Oblast of southeastern Kazakhstan for the presence of rickettsiae by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). We found that fleas captured from Kazakhstan’s common Great Gerbil (Rhombomys opimus) and corresponding burrows were infected with rickettsiae. The most commonly found rickettsia-infected flea species was Xenopsylla gerbilli, and the most commonly found rickettsia was Candidatus R. asemboensis. Further studies may include testing these and other fleas samples for the presence of additional disease agents, including Bartonella spp. and Yersinia pestis.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Williams Richard 
Published: May 2016

Journal of Agricultural Studies (JAS) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from March 1, 2014, to September 1, 2014. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether JAS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Carlos Alberto Zúniga GonzálezEliana Mariela WerbinEwa MoliszewskaGeonyzl Lepiten AlviolaLucélia CabralMarie-Madeleine Pare NgoutaneMohamed El-EsawiMoses OlotuPramod Kumar MishraSahar BahmaniSahar BahmaniTran Dang Khanh
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Williams Richard 
Published: May 2016

Journal of Agricultural Studies would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JAS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issueReviewers for Volume 4, Number 1 Ashit Kumar PaulBOUMAHDI MERAD ZOUBEIDACarlos Alberto Zúniga GonzálezChenlin HuEliana Mariela WerbinEwa MoliszewskaFerdaous ManiGajanan T BehereGerardo OjedaGulzar Ahmad NayikHojjat HasheminasabHui GuoIdin ZibaeeIdress Hamad AttitallaIvo Vaz OliveiraLuisa PozzoMartin Ernesto QuadroMing-Chi WeiMohamed EL Sayed MegahedMohammad Reza AlizadehMoses OlotuMuhammed YuceerPramod Kumar MishraRasha Mousa AhmedReham Ibrahim Abo-ShnafRichard UwieraSahar BahmaniSait EngindenizSyed Rizwan AbbasTran Dang KhanhZakaria Fouad AbdallahZhao ChenZoi M. Parissi Richard WilliamsEditorJournal of Agricultural Studies-------------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesPhone: 1-702-953-1852 ext.521Fax: 1-702-420-2900Email: jas@macrothink.orgURL: http://jas.macrothink.org
In Vitro 2D PIV Measurements and Related Aperture Areas of Tricuspid Bioprosthetic Mitral Valves at the beginning of Diastole
Authors: Bazan Ovandir , Ortiz Jayme Pinto , Fukumasu Newton Kiyoshi , Pacifico Antonio Luiz , Yanagihara Jurandir Itizo 
Published: May 2016

Purpose Besides ventricular parameters, the design and angular orientation of a prosthetic heart valve induce a specific flow field. The aim of this study was to know the inflow characteristics of a left ventricular model (LVM), investigating the behavior of tricuspid bioprosthetic mitral valves in terms of velocity profiles and related valve aperture areas at the beginning of diastole, under different conditions. Methods 3 heart rates (HRs) were established in the LVM and each mitral bioprosthesis (27 and 31 mm diameter) was installed in 2 orientations, rotated by 180°. For each experimental setup, 2-dimensional particle image velocimetry (2D PIV) measurements and simultaneous mitral valve (MV) area detection were obtained from 50 samples. Results The results from the velocity profiles immediately downstream of mitral bioprostheses showed the influence of valve orientation for moderate HRs, although for a similar magnitude of mean velocity vectors. The geometries of MV open areas for each HR were similar regardless of valve orientation, except for the 27-mm valve at 90 beats per minute (bpm), and for the 31-mm valve at 60 bpm. Moreover, for each HR, similar percentages of valve open area were obtained regardless of MV nominal diameters. Conclusions In conclusion, the experimental setup for the 2D PIV measurements synchronized with the MV area detection was a useful tool for knowing the inflow characteristics of the LVM.
The Gunmaking Trade in Bethlehem, Christiansbrunn, and Nazareth: Opportunity and Constraint in Managed Moravian Economies, 1750–1800
Authors: Gordon Scott Paul , Lienemann Robert Paul 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
Rifle collectors and contemporary rifle builders have romanticized the gunshop at Christiansbrunn (or Christian's Spring) into something it never was. Offering a carefully researched analysis of the gunmaking trade in the Moravian communities of Bethlehem, Christiansbrunn, and Nazareth, this article shows that during the 1750s the gunstocker's activity contributed more to supporting mission work than it did to the General Economy. The gunstocker worked “on demand,” repairing or restocking the arms brought to him by Native Americans or a few friends of the community. Only in the 1760s, several years after the trade had moved to Christiansbrunn, did Moravian gunstockers begin to produce new rifles for sale to the general public. Gunmaking in Christiansbrunn was a modest affair, except in the mid-1770s when the American Revolution briefly transformed the gunshop into an ambitious arms factory. After the war, authorities allowed gunmaking activities in Christiansbrunn to decline and closed the shop in the late 1780s.
“A Plague of the State and the Church”: A Local Response to the Moravian Enterprise
Authors: Petterson Christina 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
In 1755 the Lutheran Pastor Johann Gottlob Seidel published his polemical text Haupt-Schlüssel zum Herrnhutischen Ehe-Sacrament. The publication consisted of a number of Count Zinzendorf's sermons to the married choirs in Herrnhut, Herrnhaag and Marienborn, with an introduction and running commentary by Seidel. The introduction is the point of departure of this article because Seidel's vehement criticism of Zinzendorf's business practices provides an insight into the effects of the emerging global economy on local industry. By shifting Seidel's emphasis from marriage to the choir structure of the community, this article will demonstrate how the Moravians took part in these processes.
A Sense of Humor for Civic Life: Toward a Strong Defense of Humor
Authors: Rossing Jonathan P. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT:
This article takes as its starting point the shared histories and attitudes toward the arts of rhetoric and humor. Both arts face the daunting task of defending their status in the serious realm of public life against attacks that trivialize and vilify their practices. Following the work of Richard Lanham, this article explores a familiar weak defense for humor that ultimately leaves humor without a strong foundation on which to contribute seriously to public life. It then offers a strong defense of humor that celebrates the art's motivational complexity, its purposeful contributions to the socio-political sphere, and its emphasis on a world of indeterminacy that is always ripe for new constructions. Ultimately, this article presents this defense of humor to imagine a richer understanding of a sense of humor, not as a light-hearted personality trait but as a set of skills and sensibilities essential to civic life.
Simultaneous Determination of Sildenafil and Tadalafil in Legal Drugs, Illicit/Counterfeit Drugs, and Wastewater Samples by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Fidan Ali Kemal , Bakirdere Sezgin 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
A sensitive analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of sildenafil and tadalafil in legal drugs, illicit/counterfeit drugs, and wastewater samples. Chromatographic separation of two analytes was achieved on a C18 column with a mobile phase including 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 6.0 and acetonitrile (35 + 65, v/v) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Analytes were separated from each other in 6 min with high resolution. LOD/LOQ values were calculated as 28/92 ng/mL for sildenafil citrate and 39/129 ng/mL for tadalafil. Calibration plots for both analytes were linear with correlation coefficients &gt;0.9993. A validated method was successfully applied to legal and illicit erectile-dysfunction drug samples consumed in Istanbul, Turkey, and to wastewater samples. Nine different samples were analyzed for qualitative and quantitative measurement of their ingredients, and the results were compared with the values written on the labels of the drugs. The wastewater sample was also analyzed for its sildenafil and tadalafil content. To calculate the recoveries, a spiking experiment was performed and recovery rates for sildenafil and tadalafil were calculated as 101.30 ± 3.43 and 102.68 ± 1.59, respectively.
Interobserver Variability in the Diagnosis of Uterine High-Grade Endometrioid Carcinoma
Authors: Thomas Sumi , Hussein Yaser , Bandyopadhyay Sudeshna , Cote Michele , Hassan Oudai , Abdulfatah Eman , Alosh Baraa , Guan Hui , Soslow Robert A. , Ali-Fehmi Rouba 
Published: May 2016

Context.—Low interobserver diagnostic agreement exists among high-grade endometrial carcinomas.
Objective.—To evaluate diagnostic variability in International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) grade 3 endometrioid adenocarcinoma (G3EC) in 2 different sign-out practices.
Design.—Sixty-six G3EC cases were identified from pathology archives of Wayne State University (WSU, Detroit, Michigan) (general surgical pathology sign-out) and 65 from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK, New York, New York) (gynecologic pathology focused sign-out). Each case was reviewed together by 2 gynecologic pathologists, one from each institution, and classified into the G3EC group or a reclassified group. Clinicopathologic parameters were compared.
Results.—Twenty-five WSU cases (38%) were reclassified as undifferentiated (n = 2), serous (n = 4), mixed endometrioid and serous carcinomas (n = 12), and FIGO grade 2 endometrioid adenocarcinomas with focal marked nuclear atypia (n = 7). Eleven MSK cases (17%) were reclassified as undifferentiated (n = 5), serous (n = 1), mixed endometrioid and serous carcinomas (n = 4), and mixed endometrioid and clear cell carcinomas (n = 1). Agreement rate between original and review diagnosis was 83% (54 of 65) at MSK and 62% (41 of 66) at WSU (P = .01) with an overall rate of 73% (95 of 131). There were more undifferentiated carcinomas at MSK than there were at WSU (45% [5 of 11] versus 8% [2 of 25]; P = .02). There were more grade 2 endometrioid adenocarcinomas with focal, marked nuclear atypia at WSU (28%; 7 of 25) than there were at MSK (0%) (P = .03). Mixed endometrioid and serous carcinoma was the most common misclassified subtype (44%; 16 of 36).
Conclusion.—Moderate interobserver variability exists in the diagnosis of G3EC with a significantly greater diagnostic agreement rate in gynecologic pathology–focused sign-out than in general sign-out practice.
Bowie, philosophie intime, per Simon Critchley
Authors: Doménech Antoni 
Published: May 2016

Ressenya de Critchley, Simon 2015, Bowie, philosophie intime, París: Éditions La Découverte-Philharmonie de Paris/Cité de la musique, trad. de l’anglès Marc Saint-Upéry. ISBN 978-2-7071-8540-2, 128 pàgines.
Tracking tracer motion in a 4‐D electrical resistivity tomography experiment
Authors: Ward W. O. C. , Wilkinson P. B. , Chambers J. E. , Nilsson H. , Kuras O. , Bai L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA new framework for automatically tracking subsurface tracers in electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) monitoring images is presented. Using computer vision and Bayesian inference techniques, in the form of a Kalman filter, the trajectory of a subsurface tracer is monitored by predicting and updating a state model representing its movements. Observations for the Kalman filter are gathered using the maximally stable volumes algorithm, which is used to dynamically threshold local regions of an ERT image sequence to detect the tracer at each time step. The application of the framework to the results of 2‐D and 3‐D tracer monitoring experiments show that the proposed method is effective for detecting and tracking tracer plumes in ERT images in the presence of noise, without intermediate manual intervention.
Photoinduced Ratchet‐Like Rotational Motion of Branched Molecular Crystals
Authors: Zhu Lingyan , Al‐Kaysi Rabih O. , Bardeen Christopher J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPhotomechanical molecular crystals can undergo a variety of light‐induced motions, including expansion, bending, twisting, and jumping. The use of more complex crystal shapes may provide ways to turn these motions into useful work. To generate such shapes, pH‐driven reprecipitation has been used to grow branched microcrystals of the anthracene derivative 4‐fluoroanthracenecarboxylic acid. When these microcrystals are illuminated with light of λ=405 nm, an intermolecular [4+4] photodimerization reaction drives twisting and bending of the individual branches. These deformations drive a rotation of the overall crystal that can be repeated over multiple exposures to light. The magnitude and direction of this rotation vary because of differences in the crystal shape, but a typical branched crystal undergoes a 50° net rotation after 25 consecutive irradiations for 1 s. The ability of these crystals to undergo ratchet‐like rotation is attributed to their chiral shape.
Enantioselective Sulfoxidation Catalyzed by a Bisguanidinium Diphosphatobisperoxotungstate Ion Pair
Authors: Ye Xinyi , Moeljadi Adhitya Mangala Putra , Chin Kek Foo , Hirao Hajime , Zong Lili , Tan Choon‐Hong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe first enantioselective tungstate‐catalyzed oxidation reaction is presented. High enantioselectivities were achieved for a variety of drug‐like phenyl and heterocyclic sulfides under mild conditions with H2O2, a cheap and environmentally friendly oxidant. Synthetic utility was demonstrated through the preparation of (S)‐Lansoprazole, a commercial proton‐pump inhibitor. The active ion‐pair catalyst was identified to be bisguanidinium diphosphatobisperoxotungstate using Raman spectroscopy and computational studies.
Bone morphogenetic protein type I receptor inhibition induces cleft palate associated with micrognathia and cleft lower lip in mice
Authors: Lai Yongzhen , Xie Changfu , Zhang Shixian , Gan Guowu , Wu Di , Chen Weihui 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundGain‐of‐ and loss‐of‐function studies have demonstrated that changes in bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling during embryo development cause craniofacial malformations, including cleft palate. It remains uncertain whether BMP signaling could be targeted pharmacologically to affect craniofacial morphogenesis.MethodsPregnant C57Bl/6J mice were treated with the BMP type I receptor inhibitor LDN‐193189 at the dose of 3, 6, or 9 mg/kg twice a day by intraperitoneal injection from embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) to E15.5. At E16.5, embryos were investigated by facial measurement analysis and histology to determine the optimal concentration for malformation. Subsequent embryonic phenotypes were analyzed in detail by histology, whole‐mount skeletal staining, micro‐computed tomography, and palatal organic culture. We further used immunohistochemistry to analyze protein expression of the BMP‐mediated canonical and noncanonical signaling components.ResultsThe optimal concentration of LDN‐193189 was determined to be 6 mg/kg. In utero, LDN‐193189 exposures induced partial clefting of the anterior palate or complete cleft palate, which was attributed to a reduced cell proliferation rate in the secondary palate, and delayed palatal elevation caused by micrognathia. Analysis of signal transduction in palatal shelves at E12.5 and E13.5 identified a significant reduction of BMP/Smad signaling (p‐Smad1/5/8) and unchanged BMP noncanonical signaling (p‐p38, p‐Erk1/2) after treatment with LDN‐193189.ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that LDN‐193189 can be used to manipulate BMP signaling by selectively targeting the BMP/Smad signaling pathway to affect palatal morphogenesis and produce phenotypes mimicking those caused by genetic mutations. This work established a novel mouse model for teratogen‐induced cleft palate. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:612–623, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Imaging of enzyme activity using bio‐LSI system enables simultaneous immunosensing of different analytes in multiple specimens
Authors: Hokuto Toshiki , Yasukawa Tomoyuki , Kunikata Ryota , Suda Atsushi , Inoue Kumi Y. , Ino Kosuke , Matsue Tomokazu , Mizutani Fumio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractElectrochemical imaging is an excellent technique to characterize an activity of biomaterials, such as enzymes and cells. Large scale integration‐based amperometric sensor (Bio‐LSI) has been developed for the simultaneous and continuous detection of the concentration distribution of redox species generated by reactions of biomolecules. In this study, the Bio‐LSI system was demonstrated to be applicable for simultaneous detection of different anaytes in multiple specimens. The multiple specimens containing human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) and mouse IgG (mIgG) were introduced into each channel of the upper substrate across the antibody lines for hIgG and mIgG on the lower substrate. Hydrogen peroxide generated by the enzyme reaction of glucose oxidase captured at intersections was simultaneously detected by 400 microelectrodes of Bio‐LSI chip. The oxidation current increased with increasing the concentrations of hIgG, which can be detected in the range of 0.01–1.0 µg mL‐1. Simultaneous detection of hIgG and mIgG in multiple specimens was achieved by using line pattern of both antibodies. Therefore, the presence of different target molecules in the multiple samples would be quantitatively and simultaneously visualized as a current image by the Bio‐LSI system.
Causes and factors related to dopamine agonist withdrawal in Parkinson′s disease
Authors: Castro Ester Suárez , Santos‐García Diego , de Deus Fonticoba Teresa , Expósito Ruíz Irene , Tuñas Gesto Cintia , Arribí Mercedes Macías 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough dopamine agonists (DAs) are useful in Parkinson′s disease (PD), they are not frequently used in elderly patients due to adverse effects. However, there is a lack of evidence because few elderly PD patients are enrolled in clinical trials.Aims of the studyThe aims of this study were to analyze the reasons of DA withdrawal (DAW) in a group of PD patients in clinical practice and to identify the related factors. Specifically, we studied the effect of age, comorbidity, and polypharmacy as potential risk factors for DAW.MethodsA retrospective chart review of the follow‐up (from May, 2012 to March, 2015) of a subgroup of PD patients receiving a DA (n = 68; 60.3% males, 69.3 ± 9.2 years old) from a cohort (n = 150) previously studied in detail in 2012 was used to identify predictive factors of DAW.ResultsThe DAW percentage was 18.2% (12/66; follow‐up of 690.2 ± 232.6 days). DAW causes were cognitive impairment (3), reduction therapy (3), hallucinations (2), dyskinesia (2), and excessive diurnal somnolence (2). Only a higher levodopa daily dose (HR 1.003; 95% CI 1.001–1.006; P = 0.044) was an independent predictor of DAW after adjustment for other explanatory variables.ConclusionsThe frequency of DAW was low. Advanced age alone is not a contraindication to the administration of DAs.
Kill two birds with one stone: curing accessory pathways and premature ventricular contractions with one ablation
Authors: Wang Zhiyong , Ma Ji , Ying Zhiqiang , Bian Chang 
Published: May 2016

Key Clinical MessageRadiofrequency catheter ablation has been used for treating cardiac arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contractions and accessory pathway. We report two cases with successful ablation of left‐sided accessory pathways and premature ventricular contractions from mitral annulus with one ablation. To our knowledge, no similar reports have been found so far.