bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
H-mode plasmas at very low aspect ratio on the Pegasus Toroidal Experiment
Authors: Thome K.E. , Bongard M.W. , Barr J.L. , Bodner G.M. , Burke M.G. , Fonck R.J. , Kriete D.M. , Perry J.M. , Reusch J.A. , Schlossberg D.J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
H-mode is obtained at

A
∼
1.2

in the Pegasus Toroidal Experiment via Ohmic heating, high-field-side fueling, and low edge recycling in both limited and diverted magnetic topologies. These H-mode plasmas show the formation of edge current and pressure pedestals and a doubling of the energy confinement time to

H

98
y
,
2

∼
1

. The L–H power threshold

P

LH

increases with density, and there is no

P

LH

minimum observed in the attainable density space. The power threshold is equivalent in limited and diverted plasmas, consistent with the FM3 model. However, the measured

P

LH

is

∼

15

×

higher than that predicted by conventional International Tokamak Physics Activity (ITPA) scalings, and

P

LH

/

P

ITPA
08

increases as

A
→
1

. Small ELMs are present at low input power

P

IN

∼

P

LH

, with toroidal mode number

n
⩽
4

. At

P

IN

≫

P

LH

, they transition to large ELMs with intermediate

5
<
n
<
15

. The dominant-

n

component of a large ELM grows exponentially, while other components evolve nonlinearly and can damp prior to the crash. Direct measurements of the current profile in the pedestal region show that both ELM types exhibit a generation of a current-hole, followed by a pedestal recovery. Large ELMs are shown to further expel a current-carrying filament. Small ELM suppression via injection of low levels of helical current into the edge plasma region is also indicated.
BASIC: BCR assembly from single cells
Authors: Canzar Stefan , Neu Karlynn E , Tang Qingming , Wilson Patrick C , Khan Aly A 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Motivation
The B-cell receptor enables individual B cells to identify diverse antigens, including bacterial and viral proteins. While advances in RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) have enabled high throughput profiling of transcript expression in single cells, the unique task of assembling the full-length heavy and light chain sequences from single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) in B cells has been largely unstudied.

Results
We developed a new software tool, BASIC, which allows investigators to use scRNA-seq for assembling BCR sequences at single-cell resolution. To demonstrate the utility of our software, we subjected nearly 200 single human B cells to scRNA-seq, assembled the full-length heavy and the light chains, and experimentally confirmed these results by using single-cell primer-based nested PCRs and Sanger sequencing.

Availability and Implementation
http://ttic.uchicago.edu/∼aakhan/BASIC

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Pandora’s Post Box: Empire and Information in India, 1854–1914
Authors: Frost Mark R. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This essay examines the historical relationship between empire and information in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century British Asia through a new examination of the imperial post. It argues that the creation of an Indian penny post in 1854 set in motion an information revolution which impacted regionally on literate and illiterate Indian subjects of the British Empire, on Indian publishers, and on colonial administrators. What historians have so far written about Britain’s imperial post has largely presented it as an instrument of modern colonial state-building. When it has merited attention as an engine of social communication it has been mistakenly judged an outright failure. But, as this essay argues, a study of the imperial post reveals Britain’s colonial state, within the wider context of a very illiberal British imperialism in Asia, trying to behave like a liberal one. While its desire for control and surveillance pulled it in one direction, Victorian notions of free trade, which in turn demanded an unrestricted circulation of information, pulled it in another. These contradictory impulses have largely been ignored in a literature more often focused on the authoritarian aspects of British rule after 1850; yet, as this study suggests, they are fundamental to comprehending both the history of the imperial post and the everyday foundations of Britain’s imperial authority in India.
Investigation on the Cutaneous Change Induced by Face-Lifting Monodirectional Barbed Polydioxanone Thread
Authors: Kim Jihee , Zheng Zhenlong , Kim Heesu , Nam Kyung Ae , Chung Kee Yang 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND
Owing to its potentially greater mechanical force on the implanted tissue, barbed thread is frequently used in face-lifting procedures. However, the long-term durability thereof remains controversial. Moreover, reports on underlying histologic and molecular changes resulting from face-lifting procedures are scarce.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate histologic and molecular changes induced by absorbable, barbed face-lifting thread in an animal model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fragments of monofilament, monodirectionally barbed polydioxanone thread were implanted in dorsal skin from 12 guinea pigs. Tissue samples were harvested at 1, 3, and 7 months thereafter. Histopathologic analysis and quantification of Type 1 collagen and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) levels were performed.

RESULTS
Implantation of a single fragment induced fibrous capsule around the thread. Tissue reactions were strongest at 1 month after implantation, showing marked infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibroblasts, which gradually decreased. On molecular analysis, Type 1 collagen and TGF-β1 levels were significantly increased, compared to normal skin, throughout the 7-month study period.

CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that implantation of barbed thread induces strong anchorage to skin tissue. Quantitative analysis of collagen and its downstream signaling molecule TGF-β supports the long-term durability of the thread. Therefore, the authors expect potential beneficial effect for rejuvenation on its clinical application.
Changes in the Dermal Structure during Cultured Epidermal Autograft Engraftment Process
Authors: Hayashi Minoru , Muramatsu Hideyuki , Nakano Minoru , Yamamoto Naoto , Tokunaka Ryohei , Umezawa Kazuya , Hamajima Akito , Araki Natsue , Yoshimoto Shinya 
Published: September 2016

Background:
The use of cultured epithelial autografts for the treatment of extensive burn wounds has become popular in recent years. We examined extensive burn wounds in 14 patients by using a combination of autograft and cultured epithelial autografts developed in Japan (JACE).

Methods:
We undertook a skin biopsy at 2, 4, and 6 weeks after transplantation with JACE. By using electron microscopy we observed the engraftment process.

Results:
In transmission electron microscope findings, we recognized the engraftment process of JACE. Keratinocytes matured gradually. Collagen fibers formed thick bundles in the dermis layer. In scanning electron microscope findings, we observed papillary dermis development on the artificial dermis.

Conclusions:
After managing wound bed preparation by using artificial dermis, we were able to recognize the good result of grafting JACE on meshed 6:1 split thickness autografts. This is because the auto dermis from autograft extended under the JACE, binding between JACE, and the dermis became strong.
Recurrence of Stress Urinary Incontinence After Midurethral Sling Revision: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Shaw Jonathan , Wohlrab Kyle , Rardin Charles 
Published: September 2016

Objectives
The primary objective is to determine the relative risk (RR) of reoperation for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) recurrence after midurethral sling (MUS) division or excision. Our secondary objective is to determine the RR of SUI symptom recurrence according to differing techniques of revision.

Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study of all women who underwent surgical revision of an MUS by the Division of Urogynecology at the Women & Infants' Hospital during a 10-year period between October 1, 2004, and October 1, 2014. Sling division technique separates the sling from the urethra enough to permit transection either in the midline or lateral to the urethra. Revision was categorized as excision if a portion or the entirety of the sling was removed. Patients who underwent any operative procedure for SUI after revision were considered to have received reoperation. Subjectively, patients were considered to have postrevision recurrence of SUI if it was reported during routine evaluation/interviews or in the incontinence severity index questionnaire.

Results
There were 102 patients who underwent revision of a type 1 mesh MUS; 45 underwent sling division, and 57 underwent mesh excision. After sling division, 4.4% of the patients underwent reoperation for recurrent SUI compared with 28.1% after sling excision (RR, 0.16; 95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.65). Stress urinary incontinence symptoms recurred in 13% after sling division versus 56% after excision (RR, 0.24; 95% confidence interval, 0.11–0.52).

Conclusions
The choice of technique may be dictated by the clinical scenario, but in situations in which sling division is an option, repeat operations and symptoms of SUI occur less frequently.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 12: clues to pathogenesis
Authors: Cohen Rachael L. , Margolis Russell L. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 12 (SCA12) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease characterized by tremor, gait abnormalities, and neuropsychiatric syndromes. The location of the causative CAG/CTG expansion mutation in PPP2R2B, a gene encoding regulatory units of the protein phosphatase 2A, may provide unique insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.

Recent findings
The first neuropathological examination of a brain from an SCA12 patient revealed both cerebellar and cerebral cortical atrophy, with a noted loss of Purkinje cells and no evidence of polyglutamine aggregates. Molecular investigations have demonstrated considerable complexity of PPP2R2B, which appears to encode at least eight isoforms each with a different N-terminal region. The repeat potentially influences PPP2R2B expression, and is itself included in several splice variants, falling within an open reading frame of at least one of these variants.

Summary
The current data suggest at least two nonmutually exclusive hypotheses of SCA12 neurodegeneration. First, the repeat may influence PPP2R2B expression, by altering promoter activity, splicing, or transcript stability. This hypothesis would predict that the mutation changes the regulation of protein phosphatase 2A, with implications for the phosphoproteome. Alternatively, the repeat itself may be expressed and have toxic properties, though perhaps not through polyglutamine tracts. Either hypothesis may provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration.
Performance outcomes of environmental collaboration
Authors: Laari Sini , Solakivi Tomi , Töyli Juuso , Ojala Lauri 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
Firms that need to address growing concerns about the environmental impact of their activities could benefit from collaborating internally and externally. The purpose of this paper is to develop and empirically test a theoretical model of the effects of internal and external environmental collaboration with customers on the firm performance of logistics service providers (LSPs).

Design/methodology/approach
Hierarchical multiple regression and generalised linear modelling are utilised to analyse 311 LSPs offering road transport services in Finland. The data set was collected from a Finnish nationwide logistics survey in 2012 and financial reports-based data.

Findings
External environmental collaboration with customers seems to be the most effective way to improve operational and financial performance, while internal environmental collaboration does not yield similar benefits.

Research limitations/implications
Research limitations include the concentrated geographic origin of the respondents and the exclusion of potential indirect effects of environmental collaboration on operational and financial performance through environmental performance.

Practical implications
Managers planning to implement environmental initiatives should extend their focus from internal operations to external partners in the supply chain.

Originality/value
This research is one of the first attempts to focus on performance outcomes with regard to the environmental activities of LSPs. The research provides quantified insights using both self-reported and financial reports-based data.
De-internationalisation
Authors: Trąpczyński Piotr 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to critically diagnose the current body of knowledge on de-internationalisation from the perspective of its various antecedents and implications for firms and to identify key research gaps and formulate recommendations for future research.Design/methodology/approachContrary to many reviews of international business literature, this paper adopts a deductive approach by applying theory-driven dimensions of internationalisation to extant research so as to identify key developments and research gaps.FindingsAmong existing studies, attention has been consistently devoted to divestments, reductions of operating modes and foreign market withdrawals, while neglecting other crucial dimensions. Moreover, while financial effects of divestments have been frequently studied, the competitiveness implications of de-internationalisation have widely been neglected.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research should consider de-internationalisation phenomena from the viewpoint of several interrelated aspects, as well as shift attention from studying failure to studying optimisation. More attention should be devoted to changes in the organisation of multinational enterprises in line with a changing degree of internationalisation.Practical implicationsThe review provides a comprehensive synthesis of extant knowledge on the antecedents, forms and outcomes of de-internationalisation, which is of particular interest for decision-makers responsible for international expansion. This topic has been mostly neglected due to the sensitive character of the underlying decisions. The understanding of the determinants and consequences of de-internationalisation processes can contribute to a more conscious management of foreign operations.Originality/valueThe paper draws on the research paradigm of strategic management research, as well as international business literature, to refine the understanding of de-internationalisation and provide a contribution to this still under-researched area.
Springback analysis of channel cross-sectioned bar of work-hardening materials under torsional loading
Authors: Lal Radha Krishna , Choubey Vikas Kumar , Dwivedi J.P. , Singh V.P. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to deal with the springback problems of channel cross-section bars of linear and non-linear work-hardening materials under torsional loading. Using the deformation theory of plasticity, a numerical scheme based on the finite difference approximation has been proposed. The growth of the elastic-plastic boundary and the resulting stresses while loading, and the springback and the residual stresses after unloading are calculated.

Design/methodology/approach
The numerical method which has been described in this paper for obtaining the solution of elasto-plastic solution can also be used for other sections. The only care that needs to be taken is to decrease the mesh size near points of stress concentration. The advantage of this technique is that it automatically takes care of all plastic zones developing over the section at different loads and gives a solution satisfying the elastic and plastic torsion equations in their respective regions.

Findings
As expected, elastic recovery is found to be more with decreasing values of n and λ. The difference in springback becomes more and more with increasing values of angle of twist. The material will approach an elastic ideally plastic behavior with increasing values of λ and n.

Originality/value
It seems that no attempt has been made to study residual stresses in elasto-plastic torsion of a work-hardening material for a channel cross-section.
A computer-aided articulation learning system for subjects with articulation disorders
Authors: Chen Yeou-Jiunn , Wu Jiunn-Liang 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
Articulation errors substantially reduce speech intelligibility and the ease of spoken communication. Moreover, the articulation learning process that speech-language pathologists must provide is time consuming and expensive. The purpose of this paper, to facilitate the articulation learning process, is to develop a computer-aided articulation learning system to help subjects with articulation disorders.

Design/methodology/approach
Facial animations, including lip and tongue animations, are used to convey the manner and place of articulation to the subject. This process improves the effectiveness of articulation learning. An interactive learning system is implemented through pronunciation confusion networks (PCNs) and automatic speech recognition (ASR), which are applied to identify mispronunciations.

Findings
Speech and facial animations are effective for assisting subjects in imitating sounds and developing articulatory ability. PCNs and ASR can be used to automatically identify mispronunciations.

Research limitations/implications
Future research will evaluate the clinical performance of this approach to articulation learning.

Practical implications
The experimental results of this study indicate that it is feasible for clinically implementing a computer-aided articulation learning system in learning articulation.

Originality/value
This study developed a computer-aided articulation learning system to facilitate improving speech production ability in subjects with articulation disorders.
Soret and Dufour effects on double diffusive mixed convection of Newtonian and shear-thinning fluids in a two sided lid-driven cavity
Authors: Kefayati Gholamreza 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The thermal-diffusion (Soret) and the diffusion-thermo (Dufour) effects play a crucial role in double diffusive mixed convection in a lid-driven cavity; but they have not been studied properly by researchers. The purpose of this paper is to investigate effects of Soret and Dufour parameters on double diffusive laminar mixed convection of shear-thinning and Newtonian fluids in a two-sided lid-driven cavity.

Design/methodology/approach
Finite Difference Lattice Boltzmann method (FDLBM) has been applied to solve the complex problem. This study has been conducted for the certain pertinent parameters of Richardson number (Ri=0.00062-1), power-law index (n=0.2-1), Soret parameter (Sr=−5-5) as Dufour number effects have been investigated from Dr=−5 to 5 at Buoyancy ratio of N=1 and Lewis number of Le=5.

Findings
Results indicate that the augmentation of Richardson number causes heat and mass transfer to decrease. The fall of the power-law index declines heat and mass transfer at Ri=0.00062 and 0.01 in various Dufour and Soret parameters. At Ri=1, the heat and mass transfer rise with the increment of power-law index for Dr=0 and Sr=0. The least effect of power-law index on heat and mass transfer among the studied Richardson numbers was observed at Ri=1. The positive Dufour numbers augment the heat transfer gradually as the positive Soret numbers enhance the mass transfer. The Dr=−5 and Sr=−5 provokes the negative average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, respectively, to be generated. The least magnitude of the average Nusselt and Sherwood numbers were obtained at Dr=−1 and Sr=−1, respectively.

Originality/value
Soret and Dufour effects in double diffusive mixed convection has not been studied in a lid-driven cavity. In addition. this study has been conducted also for shear-thinning fluids.
A Fortran implementation of isogeometric analysis for thin plate problems with the penalty method
Authors: Chang Feng , Wang Weiqiang , Liu Yan , Qu Yanpeng 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
As one of the earliest high-level programming languages, Fortran with easy accessibility and computational efficiency is widely used in the engineering field. The purpose of this paper is to present a Fortran implementation of isogeometric analysis (IGA) for thin plate problems.

Design/methodology/approach
IGA based on non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) offers exact geometries and is more accurate than finite element analysis (FEA). Unlike the basis functions in FEA, NURBS basis functions are non-interpolated. Hence, the penalty method is used to enforce boundary conditions.

Findings
Several thin plate examples based on the Kirchhoff-Love theory were illustrated to demonstrate the accuracy of the implementation in contrast with analytical solutions, and the efficiency was validated in comparison with another open method.

Originality/value
A Fortran implementation of NURBS-based IGA was developed to solve Kirchhoff-Love plate problems. It easily obtained high-continuity basis functions, which are necessary for Kirchhoff formulation. In comparison with theoretical solutions, the numerical examples demonstrated higher accuracy and faster convergence of the Fortran implementation. The Fortran implementation can well solve the time-consuming problem, and it was validated by the time-consumption comparison with the Matlab implementation. Due to the non-interpolation of NURBS, the penalty method was used to impose boundary conditions. A suggestion of the selection of penalty coefficients was given.
Design-manufacturing integration and manufacturing complexity
Authors: Thomé Antônio Márcio Tavares , Sousa Rui 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose that the effectiveness of organizational design-manufacturing integration (ODMI) practices is contingent upon the degree of complexity of the manufacturing environment. The paper submits that the level of use of ODMI ought to match the level of complexity of the manufacturing environment. The paper puts forward the hypothesis that when a misfit occurs between ODMI and complexity (high use of ODMI practices in low complexity environments or low use of ODMI practices in high complexity environments) manufacturing operational performance declines.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper tests the hypothesis based on a survey database of 725 manufacturers from 21 countries. The measurement model was assessed with confirmatory factor analysis and the hypothesis was tested with linear regression.

Findings
A misfit between the level of ODMI use (job rotation and co-location) and manufacturing complexity (product and process complexity) has a negative effect on manufacturing operational performance dimensions of quality, delivery and flexibility. Post hoc analyses also suggest that firms that operate in different environments in what concerns the rate of change in process technologies suffer differentiated negative impacts of ODMI-complexity misfit.

Research limitations/implications
Future studies could extend this research to other dimensions of design-manufacturing integration, such as technological practices.

Practical implications
Manufacturers with high levels of complexity should invest strongly in ODMI practices. However, manufacturers with low levels of complexity should invest in these practices with caution since the expected payoffs may not outweigh the effort.

Originality/value
The study assesses fit as a simultaneous set of contingency factors, applying profile-deviation analysis to ODMI and operational performance relationships. By focusing on plant-level manufacturing complexity, this study complements existing studies of product development complexity which tend to focus on project-level complexity.