bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lone‐actor Terrorism and Impulsivity
Authors: Meloy J. Reid , Pollard Jeffrey W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn some recent cases of lone‐actor terrorism, there is evidence the subject acted impulsively, often in response to a triggering event which contained a loss and humiliation. Evidence suggests the subjects acted precipitously, despite planning and preparation carried out in the preceding weeks or months, and their attacks failed to include the often considerable preparation that had been done. The pathway became a runway. The authors recommend the traditional assessment of impulsivity in persons of concern for lone acts of terrorism, as well as other proximal warning behaviors for targeted violence. Both indirect and direct assessment guidelines are proposed, with an emphasis upon self‐report, psychological testing, collateral data gathering, and historical records.
Nixtamalization Process Affects Resistant Starch Formation and Glycemic Index of Tamales
Authors: Mariscal‐Moreno Rosa María , de Dios Figueroa Cárdenas Juan , Santiago‐Ramos David , Rayas‐Duarte Patricia , Veles‐Medina José Juan , Martínez‐Flores Héctor Eduardo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTamales were prepared with 3 nixtamalization processes (traditional, ecological, and classic) and evaluated for chemical composition, starch properties, and glycemic index. Resistant starch (RS) in tamales increased 1.6 to 3.7 times compared to raw maize. This increment was due to the starch retrogradation (RS3) and amylose–lipid complexes (RS5) formation. Tamales elaborated with classic and ecological nixtamalization processes exhibited the highest total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber content, and the highest RS content and lower in vivo glycemic index compared to tamales elaborated with traditional nixtamalization process. Thermal properties of tamales showed 3 endotherms: amylopectin retrogradation (42.7 to 66.6 °C), melting of amylose lipid complex type I (78.8 to 105.4), and melting of amylose–lipid complex type II (110.7 to 129.7). Raw maize exhibited X‐ray diffraction pattern type A, after nixtamalization and cooking of tamales it changed to V‐type polymorph structure, due to amylose–lipid complexes formation. Tamales from ecological nixtamalization processes could represent potential health benefits associated with the reduction on blood glucose response after consumption.
Determination of Spoilage Microbiota of Pacific White Shrimp During Ambient and Cold Storage Using Next‐Generation Sequencing and Culture‐Dependent Method
Authors: Yang Sheng‐Ping , Xie Jing , Qian Yun‐Fang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the initial and spoilage microbiota of Pacific white shrimp during ambient and cold storage using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and a culture‐dependent method. The quality changes were also evaluated by sensory analysis and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) values. After 1 d of storage, the psychrotrophic bacteria were only 5.97 log CFU/g, accounting for 1.1% of the mesophilic bacteria counts (7.94 log CFU/g). The psychrotrophic bacteria counts exceeded the counts of mesophilic bacteria for shrimp stored at 4 °C after 6 d of storage, indicating that psychrotrophic bacteria became predominant. The NGS was used to identify the bacterial species in samples stored at 25 and 4 °C. The results showed that the dominant microorganisms were Vibrio at 25 °C, and Acinetobacter, Psychrobacter, and Shewanella at 4 °C. By the culture‐dependent method based on 16S rRNA gene and VITEK®2 CompactA system, it showed that the dominant microorganisms were Proteus spp. at 25 °C, and Shewanella putrefaciens, Acinetobacter johnsonii, and Aeromonas sobria at 4 °C. In conclusion, differences in results of microbiota analyzed by culture dependent and independent approaches were observed. The combination of both methodologies may provide more comprehensive information about the dominant spoilage microbiota in Pacific white shrimp during ambient and cold storage.
Ecological consequences of an unusual simultaneous masting of Araucaria araucana and Chusquea culeou in North‐West Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Milesi Fernando A. , Guichón María Laura , Monteverde Martín J. , Piudo Luciana , Sanguinetti Javier 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA simultaneous masting of two abundant species in the temperate forests of North‐West Argentinean Patagonia occurred in 2013 for the first time ever recorded: the semelparous bamboo grass Chusquea culeou (colihue), dominating the understory, flowered and set seed across 1100 km2 while pehuén (Araucaria araucana), an endemic conifer co‐dominating the tree layer had the highest regionally synchronized mast event in the last 30 years. Strong trophic effects were expected as a consequence of this extraordinary amount of seed, such as rodent outbreaks (ratadas) that followed previous Chusquea spp. mast events and included Oligoryzomys longicaudatus, the main reservoir of the Andes virus causing the Hantavirus Pulmonar Syndrome. From March 2013 to May 2014, we sampled relative abundance and activity of seed‐eaters and carnivores at four study sites with different proportions of both masting species. Surprisingly, total rodent capture rates never exceeded 14% in wild habitats and 8% in peridomestic areas showing low overall density in spite of some heavy O. longicaudatus males extending their reproductive activity into winter. Total abundance and relative proportion of granivorous birds peaked at the four sites in winter or spring, when they are usually scarce. Other surveyed organisms (native and exotic seed‐eaters, ungulates and carnivores) showed moderate responses at most, probably through aggregation from surrounding areas rather than reproduction. Seed removal from experimental seed stations varied in time and space though never peaked. The clearest pattern of community responses, though much subtler than expected, occurred at the site where colihue was abundant and pehuén scarce. This is the first systematic study that reports such a simultaneous double masting and our surveys revealed no widespread community consequences. We propose that either contingent events, such as an unprecedented drought, or permanent environmental features or contextual characteristics may explain the lack of a rodent outbreak in this area.
Comparison of self‐reported signs of facial ageing among Caucasian women in Australia versus those in the USA, the UK and Canada
Authors: Goodman Greg J , Armour Katherine S , Kolodziejczyk Julia K , Santangelo Samantha , Gallagher Conor J 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesAustralians are more exposed to higher solar UV radiation levels that accelerate signs of facial ageing than individuals who live in temperate northern countries. The severity and course of self‐reported facial ageing among fair‐skinned Australian women were compared with those living in Canada, the UK and the USA.MethodsWomen voluntarily recruited into a proprietary opt‐in survey panel completed an internet‐based questionnaire about their facial ageing. Participants aged 18–75 years compared their features against photonumeric rating scales depicting degrees of severity for forehead, crow's feet and glabellar lines, tear troughs, midface volume loss, nasolabial folds, oral commissures and perioral lines. Data from Caucasian and Asian women with Fitzpatrick skin types I–III were analysed by linear regression for the impact of country (Australia versus Canada, the UK and the USA) on ageing severity for each feature, after controlling for age and race.ResultsAmong 1472 women, Australians reported higher rates of change and significantly more severe facial lines (P ≤ 0.040) and volume‐related features like tear troughs and nasolabial folds (P ≤ 0.03) than women from the other countries. More Australians also reported moderate to severe ageing for all features one to two decades earlier than US women.ConclusionsAustralian women reported more severe signs of facial ageing sooner than other women and volume‐related changes up to 20 years earlier than those in the USA, which may suggest that environmental factors also impact volume‐related ageing. These findings have implications for managing their facial aesthetic concerns.
Are women's needs being met by specialist health services managing urinary incontinence in the remote Top End NT?
Authors: Bonner Alexandra , Boyle Jacqueline 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundUrinary incontinence (UI) is likely to be high in Aboriginal women in rural Australia due to risk factors including high body mass index, parity and diabetes. However, UI appears to be under‐reported with limited information on whether women access appropriate care.AimsTo assess whether women who access specialist gynaecological services in rural and remote Top End Northern Territory (NT) through the specialist outreach program (SONT) are receiving care for UI aligned with best practice.MethodsReview of all 1426 SONT referrals in 2012, with audit of management for those women referred for UI or prolapse.ResultsOf 1426 SONT referrals, there were 43/1426 (3%) women referred for UI, with 34/43 (79%) attending. Of those referred, 31/43 (72%) were Aboriginal. Of twenty‐six women diagnosed with probable stress UI, less than a fifth, 5/26 (19%), were referred to physiotherapy, with 2/5 (40%) attending appointments. Referral occurred for 14/23 (61%) of those suitable for urodynamics but only 6/14 (43%) attended. Just under half of women 7/16 (14%) with stress UI were referred for surgery, with 6/7 (86%) attending.ConclusionIn rural and remote Top End NT, specialist health service management of female UI could be improved by increased provision of current best‐practice and an integrated multi‐disciplinary team approach with allied health. Under‐reporting and under‐referral for female UI could be addressed by increasing awareness among community and primary healthcare providers of the problem of female UI and the conservative, medical and surgical treatments available.
Taking the Law to Court: Citizen Suits and the Legislative Process
Authors: Dumas Marion 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe institution of citizen suits is a decentralized form of public participation that allows citizens to influence the implementation of public laws in courts. How does this institution influence policymaking? This article proposes a model of citizen suits. It then analyzes how this institution influences legislative decisions. The legislature bargains to choose the budget, distributive spending, and spending on an ideologically contested public good (e.g., health care or environmental protection). I find that citizen suits enable courts to forge a compromise between opponents and proponents of the public good by responding to the diverse claims of citizens. Anticipating the mobilization of citizens in courts, legislators in turn craft more socially efficient bills, with less distributive spending, which better represent the distribution of preferences for the public good compared to when citizens have no role in the implementation of legislation.
Serum periostin relates to type‐2 inflammation and lung function in asthma: Data from the large population‐based cohort Swedish GA(2)LEN
Authors: James A. , Janson C. , Malinovschi A. , Holweg C. , Alving K. , Ono J. , Ohta S. , Ek A. , Middelveld R. , Dahlén B. , Forsberg B. , Izuhara K. , Dahlén S.‐E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundPeriostin has been suggested as a novel, phenotype‐specific biomarker for asthma driven by type 2 inflammation. However, large studies examining relationships between circulating periostin and patient characteristics are lacking and the suitability of periostin as a biomarker in asthma remains unclear.AimTo examine circulating periostin in healthy controls and subjects with asthma from the general population with different severity and treatment profiles, both with and without chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), in relation to other biomarkers and clinical characteristics.MethodsSerum periostin was examined by ELISA in 1100 subjects aged 17‐76 from the Swedish Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN) study, which included 463 asthmatics with/without chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), 98 individuals with CRS only, and 206 healthy controls. Clinical tests included measurement of lung function, Fraction of exhaled NO (FeNO), IgE, urinary eosinophil‐derived neurotoxin (U‐EDN), and serum eosinophil cationic protein (S‐ECP), as well as completion of questionnaires regarding respiratory symptoms, medication, and quality of life.ResultsAlthough median periostin values showed no differences when comparing disease groups with healthy controls, multiple regression analyses revealed that periostin was positively associated with higher FeNO, U‐EDN, and total IgE. In patients with asthma, an inverse relationship with lung function was also observed. Current smoking was associated with decreased periostin levels, whereas increased age and lower body mass index (BMI) related to higher periostin levels in subjects both with and without asthma.ConclusionWe confirm associations between periostin and markers of type 2 inflammation, as well as lung function, and identify novel constitutional factors of importance to the use of periostin as a phenotype‐specific biomarker in asthma.
Self‐blame attributions in relatives of people with recent‐onset psychosis: Associations with relatives’ distress and behavioural control
Authors: Vasconcelos e Sa Debora , Barrowclough Christine , Hartley Samantha , Wearden Alison 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesThere is evidence that self‐blame is an important predictor of distress and depression in relatives of people with long‐term psychosis, but there is limited research investigating the nature and correlates of self‐blame in relatives of people with recent‐onset psychosis. Self‐blame motivates a tendency to engage with others and to repair wrongdoings; it might be that such cognitions also impact on relatives’ behaviours towards the patient. This study examined the association between self‐blame and psychological distress, and tested the prediction that greater self‐blame would be associated with more behavioural control attempts to patients in a sample of relatives of people with recent‐onset psychosis.MethodsStatements pertaining to self‐blame and behavioural control were extracted and rated from 80 interviews with relatives, who also completed the General Health Questionnaire–28. Content analysis was used to examine the nature of self‐blame attributions. Regression analyses were used to explore the links between self‐blame attributions and distress, and between self‐blame and behavioural control in this recent‐onset population.ResultsHigher levels of self‐blame were associated with more behavioural control attempts, and self‐blame predicted relatives’ behavioural responses when adjusting for the contribution of control attributions. Self‐blame was also linked with distress, but did not emerge as an independent predictor in multivariate analysis. Most relatives who blamed themselves did so for not overseeing their family member's mental health problems properly or for perceiving themselves generally as poor carers.ConclusionsThis study extends findings related to self‐blame to a population of relatives of people with recent‐onset psychosis and highlights the possible role of blaming cognitions in promoting interpersonal engagement through behavioural control.Practitioner Points

Self‐blaming beliefs were linked with increased distress in relatives of people with recent‐onset psychosis;

Increased self‐blame was associated with more behavioural control attempts;

Most relatives blamed themselves for not overseeing their family member's mental health problems properly, and for perceiving themselves generally as poor carers.

The cross‐sectional study design limits inferences about causality.
Anaemia, iron deficiency and susceptibility to infection in children in sub‐Saharan Africa, guideline dilemmas
Authors: Jonker Femkje A.M. , te Poel Elodie , Bates Imelda , Boele van Hensbroek Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGlobally, anaemia, iron deficiency and infections are responsible for a majority of the morbidity and mortality that occurs among children. As iron is essential for erythropoiesis and the human immune system, as well as a crucial element for many pathogens, these three conditions often interact. This article considers the question – have the studies conducted so far unravelled the potential complex interaction between these factors sufficiently enough to be able to develop universally applicable guidelines about iron treatment in children? It is possible, however, that the area is too complex and diverse, with many sub‐populations, and that not universal, but tailor‐made guidelines are needed based on some agreed principles.
Use of anticoagulants and antiplatelet in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia treated with single‐agent ibrutinib
Authors: Jones Jeffrey A. , Hillmen Peter , Coutre Steven , Tam Constantine , Furman Richard R. , Barr Paul M. , Schuster Stephen J. , Kipps Thomas J. , Flinn Ian W. , Jaeger Ulrich , Burger Jan A. , Cheng Mei , Ninomoto Joi , James Danelle F. , Byrd John C. , O'Brien Susan M. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBleeding events have been observed among a subgroup of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients treated with ibrutinib. We analysed data from two studies of single‐agent ibrutinib to better characterize bleeding events and pattern of anticoagulation and antiplatelet use. Among 327 ibrutinib‐treated patients, concomitant anticoagulation (11%) or antiplatelet use (34%) was common, but major bleeding was infrequent (2%). Bleeding events were primarily grade 1, and infrequently (1%) led to discontinuation. Among 175 patients receiving concomitant anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents, 5 had major bleeding events (3%). These events were typically observed in conjunction with other factors, such as coexisting medical conditions and/or concurrent medications.
Seasonal variations in TSH serum levels in athyreotic patients under L‐thyroxine replacement monotherapy
Authors: Gullo Damiano , Latina Adele , Frasca Francesco , Squatrito Sebastiano , Belfiore Antonino , Vigneri Riccardo 
Published: April 2017

SummaryBackgroundWhether serum TSH undergoes seasonal fluctuations in euthyroid and hypothyroid residents of temperate climates is controversial.MethodsMonthly TSH and thyroid hormone levels were cross‐sectionally analysed in a large cohort of euthyroid subjects (n=11 806) and L‐thyroxine (L‐T4)‐treated athyreotic patients (n=3 934). Moreover, in a small group (n=119) of athyreotic patients treated with an unchanged dosage of L‐T4 monotherapy, hormones were measured both in the coldest and in the hottest seasons of the same year (longitudinal study).ResultsNo seasonal hormone change was observed in the euthyroid subjects except for a small FT3 increase in winter (+2.9%, P<.001). In contrast, the L‐T4‐treated athyreotic patients had significantly higher serum TSH values in the cold season when the FT4 values were significantly lower. The differences were more notable in the longitudinal series (TSH, 0.80 vs. 0.20 mU/L and FT4, 16.3 vs. 17.8 pmol/L in December‐March vs. June‐September, respectively). In these patients also serum FT3 values significantly decreased in winter (in the longitudinal series, 3.80 in winter vs 4.07 pmol/L in summer). Regression analysis showed that in athyreotic subjects, a greater FT4 change is required to obtain a TSH change similar to that of euthyroid controls and that this effect is more pronounced in the summer.ConclusionAthyreotic patients undergoing L‐T4 monotherapy have abnormal seasonal variations in TSH. These changes are secondary to the FT4 and FT3 serum decreases in winter, which occur in spite of the constant treatment. The underlying mechanisms are unclear, but in some cases, these changes may be clinically relevant.
Story Albums: Creating Fictional Stories From Personal Photograph Sets
Authors: Radiano O. , Graber Y. , Mahler M. , Sigal L. , Shamir A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe present a method for the automatic creation of fictional storybooks based on personal photographs. Unlike previous attempts that summarize such collections by picking salient or diverse photos, or creating personal literal narratives, we focus on the creation of fictional stories. This provides new value to users, as well as an engaging way for people (especially children) to experience their own photographs. We use a graph model to represent an artist‐generated story, where each node is a ‘frame’, akin to frames in comics or storyboards. A node is described by story elements, comprising actors, location, supporting objects and time. The edges in the graph encode connections between these elements and provide the discourse of the story. Based on this construction, we develop a constraint satisfaction algorithm for one‐to‐one assignment of nodes to photographs. Once each node is assigned to a photograph, a visual depiction of the story can be generated in different styles using various templates. We show results of several fictional visual stories created from different personal photo sets and in different styles.
Hexahedral Meshing With Varying Element Sizes
Authors: Xu Kaoji , Gao Xifeng , Deng Zhigang , Chen Guoning 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHexahedral (or Hex‐) meshes are preferred in a number of scientific and engineering simulations and analyses due to their desired numerical properties. Recent state‐of‐the‐art techniques can generate high‐quality hex‐meshes. However, they typically produce hex‐meshes with uniform element sizes and thus may fail to preserve small‐scale features on the boundary surface. In this work, we present a new framework that enables users to generate hex‐meshes with varying element sizes so that small features will be filled with smaller and denser elements, while the transition from smaller elements to larger ones is smooth, compared to the octree‐based approach. This is achieved by first detecting regions of interest (ROIs) of small‐scale features. These ROIs are then magnified using the as‐rigid‐as‐possible deformation with either an automatically determined or a user‐specified scale factor. A hex‐mesh is then generated from the deformed mesh using existing approaches that produce hex‐meshes with uniform‐sized elements. This initial hex‐mesh is then mapped back to the original volume before magnification to adjust the element sizes in those ROIs. We have applied this framework to a variety of man‐made and natural models to demonstrate its effectiveness.