bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Justice of Improving Security and Confronting Poverty: The Role of Transnational NGOs and Communities in Somalia
Authors: Farah A. Osman 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Following decades of postcolonial dictatorships and authoritarianism, many African countries have experienced expanded efforts by transnational organizations1-from both top down and bottom up-aimed at alleviating poverty and improving security. This article provides a partial inventory of such efforts in Somalia following the collapse of the state in 1991, and suggests the need for better coordination between state and non-state transnational initiatives. Methodologically, the article combines discussion of the underlying causes of poverty and insecurity in Somalia with the presentation of empirical cases based on data collected among the Somali diaspora and in Somalia (Mogadishu, Hargeisa, and Borama) in 2010–15.
How Society Shapes Language: Personal Pronouns in the Greater Burma Zone
Authors: Müller André , Weymuth Rachel 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In the “Greater Burma Zone”, an area that includes Myanmar and adjacent regions of the neighboring countries, there are two different systems of personal pronouns that occur predominantly: a grammatical one and one that we call “hierarchical system”. The aim of this paper is to explain the two systems and their development. A sample of 42 languages shows that smaller language communities have grammatical systems and the most dominant languages today have hierarchical ones. Besides these two groups, there are also some languages with a “mixed system”, which means the grammatical system is retained and only a few honorific terms are added as pronouns. An important question will therefore be why the systems are distributed just in this way. Several factors seem to play a role, among them sociocultural structures, historical developments and language contact.
Condensing Life Substances within the House: The Rice-Boiling Shuhi of Southwest China
Authors: Hsu Elisabeth , Huber Franz K. , Weckerle Caroline S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The Shuhi of Muli County, Sichuan Province, are one of multiple ethnic groups inhabiting the river gorges of the Qinghai-Gansu-Sichuan corridor between the Tibetan plateau and the Chinese lowlands. The Shuhi have grown paddy rice since times immemorial at an unusually high altitude (ca. 2,300 m above sea level). This article aims to explain this conundrum not merely through the ecology (as is common among Tibetan area specialists), but by researching the cultivation and consumption of rice as a historically-evolved cultural practice. According to a recently formulated agro-archaeological hypothesis regarding the macro-region of Eurasia, it is possible to identify two supra-regional culture complexes distinguished by their respective culinary technologies: rice-boiling versus wheat-grinding-and-baking. The hypothesis posits that the fault line between the two supra-regional cultural complexes is precisely along this river gorges corridor. In this article we provide support for this hypothesis arguing that Shuhi ritual and kinship practices have much affinity with those of other rice-boiling peoples in Southeast Asia, whereas certain of their current religious practices are shared with the wheat-grinding Tibetans.
Disks Controlling Chaos in a 3D Dynamical Model for Elliptical Galaxies
Authors: Zotos Euaggelos E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA 3D dynamical model with a quasi-homogeneous core and a disk component is used for the chaos control in the central parts of elliptical galaxy. Numerical experiments in the 2D system show a very complicated phase plane with a large chaotic sea, considerable sticky layers and a large number of islands, produced by secondary resonances. When the mass of the disk increases, the chaotic regions decrease gradually, and, finally, a new phase plane with only regular orbits appears. This evolution indicates that disks in elliptical galaxies can act as the chaos controllers. Starting from the results obtained in the 2D system, we locate the regions in the phase space of the 3D system, producing regular and chaotic orbits. For this we introduce and use a new dynamical parameter, the S(w) spectrum, which proves to be useful as a fast indicator and allows us to distinguish the regular motion from chaos in the 3D potentials. Other methods for detecting chaos are also discussed.
Scorpio On the 6m Telescope: Current State and Perspectives for Spectroscopy of Galactic and Extragalactic Objects
Authors: Afanasiev V. L. , Moiseev A. V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA significant part of observations at the Russian 6 m telescope is carried out using the SCORPIO multi-mode focal reducer. During the past ten years, a lot of scientific data have been collected using observations in the direct imaging, slit spectroscopy and Fabry-Pérot interferometry modes. Some results of these observations are considered in this review. We also present a short description of a new generation instrument named SCORPIO-2.
Off-Axis Variability of AGNs: A New Paradigm for Broad Lines and Continuum Emitting Regions
Authors: Gaskell C. Martin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe general picture of how thermal AGNs work has become clearer in recent years but major observational puzzles threaten to undermine this picture. These puzzles include AGNs with extremely asymmetric emission line profiles, inconsistent multi-wavelength variability, rapid apparent changes in the sizes of emitting regions and in the direction of gas flow, a curious insensitivity of gas in some narrow velocity ranges to changes in the ionizing continuum, and differing dependences of polarization on gas velocity. It is proposed that all these puzzles can readily be explained by off-axis variability.
A Complex Stellar Line-of-Sight Velocity Distribution in the Lenticular Galaxy NGC 524
Authors: Katkov I. , Chilingarian I. , Sil’chenko O. , Zasov A. , Afanasiev V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe present a detailed study of the stellar and gaseous kinematics in the luminous early-type galaxy NGC 524, derived from the long-slit spectroscopic observations obtained with the Russian 6 m telescope and the IFU data from the SAURON survey. The stellar line-of-sight velocity distribution (LOSVD) of NGC 524 exhibits strong asymmetry. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the LOSVD using two complementary approaches by the nbursts full spectral fitting technique: (a) a non-parametric LOSVD recovery and (b) a parametric recovery of two Gaussian kinematical components having different stellar populations. We discuss the origin of the complex stellar LOSVD of NGC 524.
Utterance Construction Grammar (UCxG) and the variable multimodality of constructions
Authors: Cienki Alan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSome proponents of the theory of Construction Grammar have been investigating how it might address the nature of spoken language usage as multimodal. Problems confronted in this endeavour include the variability with which gesture is used with speech in terms of its (in)frequency and its (non) obligatoriness: for some expressions a certain kind of gesture is basically obligatory, but for most others it is a variably optional component depending on contextual factors. This article proposes “utterance” as a level of description above that of speech and gesture for characterizing audio-visual communicative constructions. It picks up on earlier proposals to consider constructions as prototype categories with more central and more peripheral features. The language community’s knowledge of a given utterance construction and that of any language user are discussed as “deep structures” (in a non-Chomskian sense) that provide a set of options (some more central and others more peripheral) for expression, whereby any “surface structure” is a metonymic precipitation in context of the construction’s features. An important attentional mechanism proposed that guides production and comprehension (“uptake”) of utterance constructions is the dynamic scope of relevant behaviors. Taken together, this approach may help bring Construction Grammar closer to being a truly usage-based theory.
Increase in thyroglobulin antibody and thyroid peroxidase antibody levels, but not preterm birth-rate, in pregnant Danish women upon iodine fortification
Authors: Bliddal Sofie , Boas Malene , Hilsted Linda , Friis-Hansen Lennart , Juul Anders , Larsen Torben , Tabor Ann , Faber Jens , Precht Dorthe Hansen , Feldt-Rasmussen Ulla 
Published: March 2017

Objective
The presence of thyroid antibodies in pregnancy has been associated with preterm birth. In the non-pregnant population, the implementation of the Danish iodine fortification program has increased the prevalence of thyroid antibodies. This study investigated the prevalence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs) in pregnant Danish women before, during and after implementation of the iodine fortification program and association with preterm birth.

Design
Comparative cohort study of 1368 pregnancies from three cohorts gathered before (1996–1998), during (2000–2003) and after (2008–2009) the iodine fortification program.

Methods
In cohort 1 (n = 297), TPOAbs were measured (DYNOtest (BRAHMS)). In cohorts 2 (n = 148) and 3 (n = 923), both TPOAbs and TgAbs were measured (Kryptor immunofluorescent assay (BRAHMS)). The prevalence and effect of antibody positivity were explored using three cut-offs: TPOAbs and/or TgAbs >100 kU/L, TPOAbs and/or TgAbs >60 kU/L and TPOAbs >30 and/or TgAbs >20 kU/L. National preterm birth data were extracted from the National Birth Registry.

Results
In the three cohorts, TPOAb levels >60 kU/L were found in 5.4, 8.1 and 12.0% (χ
2(2, n = 1367) = 11.7, P = 0.003) respectively, and TPOAbs and/or TgAbs >60 kU/L in 8.1 and 16.2% in cohorts 2 and 3 respectively (χ
2(2, n = 1070) = 6.5, P = 0.01). TgAb levels (>20 kU/L) had increased plenty-fold from cohort 2 to 3 (χ
2(1, n = 1071) = 136.5, P < 0.001). Preterm birth occurred in 4.1% of all pregnancies with no effect from antibody positivity (TPOAbs and/or TgAbs >60 kU/L, χ2(1, n = 1039) = 0.0, P = 0.98, aOR = 1.1, 95% CI (0.4–2.7)). The national preterm birth-rate showed no increase over the same period.

Conclusions
Thyroid antibody positivity in Danish pregnant women has more than doubled upon the implementation of the iodine fortification program without an increase in preterm birth-rate.
Marechal Rondon e a Trajetória de um Militar Sertanista na Primeira República Brasileira: Investigação sobre a Intervenção do Estado e o Processo Civilizador da População Indígena
Authors: Rodrigues Fernando Da Silva 
Published: March 2017

Esta investigação sobre a intervenção do Estado na sociedade brasileira na Primeira República foi delineada pela construção do território, pela delimitação das fronteiras terrestres e pela construção da nacionalidade. Será neste contexto que o Marechal Rondon, engenheiro e militar apoiou o projeto de Estado relacionado com a missão civilizadora dos grupos indígenas no sertão centro-oeste e norte do Brasil, base para integração do litoral ao interior, feito inicialmente através da construção das linhas telegráficas e definido com as demarcações das fronteiras.
The age of fossil StW573 (‘Little Foot’): An alternative interpretation of 26Al/10Be burial data
Authors: Kramers Jan D. , Dirks Paul H.G.M. 
Published: March 2017

Following the publication (Granger DE et al., Nature 2015;522:85–88) of an 26Al/10Be burial isochron age of 3.67±0.16 Ma for the sediments encasing hominin fossil StW573 (‘Little Foot’), we consider data on chert samples presented in that publication to explore alternative age interpretations. 10Be and 26Al concentrations determined on individual chert fragments within the sediments were calculated back in time, and data from one of these fragments point to a maximum age of 2.8 Ma for the sediment package and therefore also for the fossil. An alternative hypothesis is explored, which involves re-deposition and mixing of sediment that had previously collected over time in an upper chamber, which has since been eroded. We show that it is possible for such a scenario to yield ultimately an isochron indicating an apparent age much older than the depositional age of the sediments around the fossil. A possible scenario for deposition of StW573 in Member 2 would involve the formation of an opening between the Silberberg Grotto and an upper chamber. Not only could such an opening have acted as a death trap, but it could also have disturbed the sedimentological balance in the cave, allowing unconsolidated sediment to be washed into the Silberberg Grotto. This two-staged burial model would thus allow a younger age for the fossil, consistent with the sedimentology of the deposit. This alternative age is also not in contradiction to available faunal and palaeomagnetic data.

Significance:

Data on chert samples taken close to StW573 impose a maximum age for the fossil of 2.8 Ma – younger than the 3.67 Ma originally reported. We propose and explore a two-stage burial scenario to resolve the inconsistency and to reopen the discussion on the age of fossil StW573.
Intracranial massive subdural haematoma: a potentially serious consequence of diagnostic lumbar puncture
Authors: Manorenj Sandhya , Kandukuri Suma , P. S. Muralikrishna , Barla Sudhakar 
Published: March 2017

Intracranial subdural haematoma (SDH) is an exceptionally rare complication of lumbar puncture (LP) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. Post LP headache mostly has a benign course, but it can also be a manifestation of a potentially life-threatening complication such as SDH. Only a few cases has been reported in literature. We report a case of massive intracranial SDH in a young male following LP and CSF drainage.
High prevalence of dietary and physical activity related risk factors for non-communicable diseases among apparently healthy urban women in Kochi, Kerala, South India
Authors: Joy Teena M. , Paul Nimitha , P. S. Rakesh , Leelamoni K. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Non communicable diseases (NCDs) represent the biggest threat to women’s health worldwide. NCD is a leading cause of morbidity and premature mortality among women in Kerala. This study attempts to delineate the risk factors of NCDs among apparently healthy urban women in Kochi, Kerala. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among apparently healthy women of age 20-60 years in randomly selected wards of Eloor municipality, Kochi, Kerala. The minimum calculated sample size was 130. Houses were selected by systematic random sampling. A semi structured questionnaire based on the STEPS instrument was administered to eligible subjects. Their anthropometric measurements were also taken using standardised tools. Data were entered into Excel sheet and analysed using SPSS version 15. Results: The mean age of the women surveyed was 38.9 years (SD 10.2). Majority (71%) of the study participants were home makers. Majority (97.2%) consumed less than 5 servings of fruits and vegetables a day. Of them, 79.3% were in the low physical activity category. Around 55% of the women were either overweight or obese. Conclusions: The current study showed a high burden of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among women in urban area in Kerala. Considering the burden of NCD risk factors in the population, there is urgent need to plan and implement gender sensitive community-based interventions at different levels including health promotion, and prevention.
Adolescent mothers: determinants and dimensions
Authors: . Amoghashree , T. S. Pradeep , Kulkarni Praveen , Narayana Murthy M. R. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Adolescent pregnancies are more likely seen in poor, uneducated and rural communities. Pregnancy in adolescence is raising problem of all nations including India. There is lot of social pressure among these girls to marry at this tender age and after marriage face the next task of pregnancy which means to have children. The study was conducted with the objective to estimate magnitude of teenage pregnancy in rural community, to assess the socio-cultural dimensions determining teenage pregnancies and to assess the perception of teenage mothers on their social status. Methods: Pre tested and semi structured questionnaire through interview technique. Adolescent girls aged 10-19 years who were already mothers or pregnant at the time of the survey and women aged 20 -24 years married before the age of 18 years were included in survey. Descriptive statistics like percentage, mean and standard deviation were applied.Results: 54(37.8%) of study participants belonged to the age group of 16-20 years, 52(36.3%) of study participants belonged to Class V according to modified B.G. Prasad socioeconomic status, 81(56.6%) of study participants were married by the age of 16yrs, 93(65.1%) study participants knew one or other family planning methods, Educating about the hazards of adolescent pregnancy in the community, traditional practices can be changed and thereby decreasing early marriages and by this means early pregnancies. Conclusions: There is a need of more B.C.C. activities to increase the age of marriage even though which is legalized at age of 18 years but to follow the same and by thus avoiding this easily avoidable health burden and by educating about the hazards of adolescent pregnancy in the community, traditional practices can be changed and thereby decreasing early marriages and by this means early pregnancies.
Perception of health status and quality of life of people living with HIV in Patan city, Gujarat, India: a cross sectional study
Authors: Dixit Grishma T. , Thakor Nilesh , Goswami Mihir , Verma P. B. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus is the biggest threat to the mankind today from their health perspective. To know the perception of health status and quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS.Methods: This cross sectional study was undertaken during March 2015 to April 2016 at Patan city. After taking permission from NGO and Gujarat State AIDS Control Society (GSACS) total 100 purposively selected People living with HIV (PLHIV) attached to the NGO of Patan city were interviewed using predesigned semi-structured performa. Written informed consent was taken from all PLHIV. Ethical approval was obtained from institutional ethical committee for human research. Data safety and confidentiality was also given due consideration. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software (trial version). Results: Age of study population ranges from 18 to 68 years. Mean age of study population is 34.21 + 9.1 years. Maximum number of PLHIV, 51 % are in the age group of 31-40 years age group. Out of total, 76 have perception of being healthy .Out of total, 61 % PLHIV have faced stigma. Out of total,92% were enjoying life, 74% perceived good quality of life, 95% perceived safe in life, 96% perceived satisfaction with health services, 84% perceived satisfaction with their day to day work capability and only 8% perceived fear about their future life. Conclusions: Positive attitude towards life and health was observed in People Living with HIV.
A study on reproductive health of adolescent girls of Dongria Kondh tribe
Authors: Nanda Sikata , Dhar Rabi Narayan 
Published: March 2017

Background: Health problem in adolescent girls are different from the younger children and older adults. In the tribal population they are more neglected because of limited health care facilities and lack of education. In the present study we have done assessment of reproductive health status of adolescent girls in the Dongria Kondh tribe in Odisha. Methods: Dongria Kondh’ residing in Rayagada district of Odisha having its maximum concentration was studied. Bissam Cuttack block was selected randomly as the study area. Moreover, coincidently majority of the study population resided in the block having villages like Kurli, Khambesi, Hundijali, Muthesi, Khajuri, Mundabali and Uppar Gandatallli which are situated as a distance of 5000 ft height above sea level. 89 adolescent girls were considered Schedule of general information of the family, schedule cum questionnaire on KAP on reproductive health and Lab investigation done among study subjects for prevalence of HIV/AIDS was done. Results: About 75% of adolescent girls had regular menstruation. Dysmenorhoea was present in 13% of girls. All girls are poor menstrual hygiene.84% of adolescent girls knew about menstruation from their friends. About 61% were not aware about physical changes in pregnancy. Conclusions: Counseling of adolescent girls and their mothers on sexual hygiene should be done by AWW/HWF. Health care delivery system to be strengthened by training and capacity building of AWW/HWF.
To study the patient satisfication at a tertiary care hospital in Malwa region of Punjab
Authors: Goshist Rahul , Monga Shamim , Devgan Shalini , Singh Baltej , Gupta Sanjay 
Published: March 2017

Background: Many factors including poor systems and stress of the caregivers effects the quality along with satisfaction of patients. Patient satisfaction denotes the extent to which general health care needs of the clients are met to their requirements. Aim of the study to study the level of patient satisfaction. Methods: The structured questionnaire was administered to patients from in-patient areas. Illiterate patients were interviewed personally. The hospital had bed strength of 890 and the patients were followed in different departments till the completion of sample size. Results: More than half of the patients i.e. 58.6% and 54.7% responded that the stretcher availability and behavior of paramedical staff in emergency as poormore than half of the patients i.e. 58.6% and 54.7% responded that the stretcher availability and behavior of paramedical staff in emergency as poor, more than half of the patients i.e. 58.6% and 54.7% responded that the stretcher availability and behavior of paramedical staff in emergency as poor. Conclusions: Most patients rated the services of the hospital as excellent or good but a portion of patients were found to be unsatisfied in some areas i.e. cleanliness of toilets, wards, canteen and behaviors of paramedical staff.