bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronic Health Records and the Disappearing Patient
Authors: Hunt Linda M. , Bell Hannah S. , Baker Allison M. , Howard Heather A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWith rapid consolidation of American medicine into large‐scale corporations, corporate strategies are coming to the forefront in health care delivery, requiring a dramatic increase in the amount and detail of documentation, implemented through use of electronic health records (EHRs). EHRs are structured to prioritize the interests of a myriad of political and corporate stakeholders, resulting in a complex, multi‐layered, and cumbersome health records system, largely not directly relevant to clinical care. Drawing on observations conducted in outpatient specialty clinics, we consider how EHRs prioritize institutional needs manifested as a long list of requisites that must be documented with each consultation. We argue that the EHR enforces the centrality of market principles in clinical medicine, redefining the clinician's role to be less of a medical expert and more of an administrative bureaucrat, and transforming the patient into a digital entity with standardized conditions, treatments, and goals, without a personal narrative.
Ambulatory reflux monitoring for diagnosis of gastro‐esophageal reflux disease: Update of the Porto consensus and recommendations from an international consensus group
Authors: Roman S. , Gyawali C. P. , Savarino E. , Yadlapati R. , Zerbib F. , Wu J. , Vela M. , Tutuian R. , Tatum R. , Sifrim D. , Keller J. , Fox M. , Pandolfino J. E. , Bredenoord A. J. ,   the GERD consensus group
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundAn international group of experts evaluated and revised recommendations for ambulatory reflux monitoring for the diagnosis of gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD).MethodsLiterature search was focused on indications and technical recommendations for GERD testing and phenotypes definitions. Statements were proposed and discussed during several structured meetings.Key ResultsReflux testing should be performed after cessation of acid suppressive medication in patients with a low likelihood of GERD. In this setting, testing can be either catheter‐based or wireless pH‐monitoring or pH‐impedance monitoring. In patients with a high probability of GERD (esophagitis grade C and D, histology proven Barrett's mucosa >1 cm, peptic stricture, previous positive pH monitoring) and persistent symptoms, pH‐impedance monitoring should be performed on treatment. Recommendations are provided for data acquisition and analysis. Esophageal acid exposure is considered as pathological if acid exposure time (AET) is greater than 6% on pH testing. Number of reflux episodes and baseline impedance are exploratory metrics that may complement AET. Positive symptom reflux association is defined as symptom index (SI) >50% or symptom association probability (SAP) >95%. A positive symptom‐reflux association in the absence of pathological AET defines hypersensitivity to reflux.Conclusions and InferencesThe consensus group determined that grade C or D esophagitis, peptic stricture, histology proven Barrett's mucosa >1 cm, and esophageal acid exposure greater >6% are sufficient to define pathological GERD. Further testing should be considered when none of these criteria are fulfilled.
Extraction of looped transvenous pacing leads to reduce tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Montgomery Jay A. , Ellis Christopher R. , Crossley George H. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTransvenous leads are a known source of iatrogenic tricuspid regurgitation. It is commonly held that extraction of chronic pacing and defibrillator leads will not reduce this, due to the inevitable trauma to the valve associated with the procedure. We demonstrate three cases of clinically significant reductions in tricuspid regurgitation after extraction of leads that were looped across the tricuspid valve.
Infant sudden death: Mutations responsible for impaired Nav1.5 channel trafficking and function
Authors: Gando Ivan , Morganstein Jace , Jana Kundan , McDonald Thomas V. , Tang Yingying , Coetzee William A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundTwo genetic variants in SCN5A, encoding the Nav1.5 Na+ channel α‐subunit, were found in a 5‐month‐old girl who died suddenly in her sleep. The first variant is a missense mutation, resulting in an amino acid change (Q1832E), which has been described (but not characterized) in a patient with Brugada syndrome. The second is a nonsense mutation that produces a premature stop codon and a C‐terminal truncation (R1944Δ).Methods and ResultsTo investigate their functional relevance with patch clamp experiments in transfected HEK‐293 cells. The Q1832E mutation drastically reduced Nav1.5 current density. The R1944Δ C‐terminal truncation had negligible effects on Nav1.5 current density. Neither of the mutations affected the voltage dependence of steady activation and inactivation or influenced the late Na+ current or the recovery from inactivation. Biochemical and immunofluorescent approaches demonstrated that the Q1832E mutation caused severe trafficking defects. Polymerase chain reaction cloning and sequencing the victim's genomic DNA allowed us to determine that the two variants were in trans. We investigated the functional consequences by coexpressing Nav1.5(Q1832E) and Nav1.5(R1944Δ), which led to a significantly reduced current amplitude relative to wild‐type.ConclusionsThese sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)‐related variants caused a severely dysfunctional Nav1.5 channel, which was mainly due to trafficking defects caused by the Q1832E mutation. The decreased current density is likely to be a major contributing factor to arrhythmogenesis in Brugada syndrome and the sudden death of this SIDS victim.
Coal mine dust lung disease in the modern era
Authors: Perret Jennifer L. , Plush Brian , Lachapelle Philippe , Hinks Timothy S.C. , Walter Clare , Clarke Philip , Irving Louis , Brady Pat , Dharmage Shyamali C. , Stewart Alastair 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP), as part of the spectrum of coal mine dust lung disease (CMDLD), is a preventable but incurable lung disease that can be complicated by respiratory failure and death. Recent increases in coal production from the financial incentive of economic growth lead to higher respirable coal and quartz dust levels, often associated with mechanization of longwall coal mining. In Australia, the observed increase in the number of new CWP diagnoses since the year 2000 has necessitated a review of recommended respirable dust exposure limits, where exposure limits and monitoring protocols should ideally be standardized. Evidence that considers the regulation of engineering dust controls in the mines is lacking even in high‐income countries, despite this being the primary preventative measure. Also, it is a global public health priority for at‐risk miners to be systemically screened to detect early changes of CWP and to include confirmed patients within a central registry; a task limited by financial constraints in less developed countries. Characteristic X‐ray changes are usually categorized using the International Labour Office classification, although future evaluation by low‐dose HRCT) chest scanning may allow for CWP detection and thus avoidance of further exposure, at an earlier stage. Preclinical animal and human organoid‐based models are required to explore potential re‐purposing of anti‐fibrotic and related agents with potential efficacy. Epidemiological patterns and the assessment of molecular and genetic biomarkers may further enhance our capacity to identify susceptible individuals to the inhalation of coal dust in the modern era.
Idiosyncratic and international transmission of shocks in the G7: Does EMU matter?
Authors: Bettendorf Timo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes the transmission of shocks across the Group of Seven industrialized countries (G7) before and after the introduction of the euro. We estimate global vector autoregressive (VAR) models for different periods to investigate changes in the domestic and international adjustment of macroeconomic variables following supply, demand, and nominal shocks. The shocks are identified with robust sign restrictions, which we derive from a small open economy dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. Specifically, we analyze the adjustment of output, inflation, and the real effective exchange rate following those shocks. Our results indicate that changes in the adjustment are due to global convergence rather than to regional‐specific convergence.
Are “Stand Your Ground” Laws Racist and Sexist? A Statistical Analysis of Cases in Florida, 2005–2013*
Authors: Murphy Justin 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveI test for racial and gender bias in the enforcement of “stand your ground” (SYG) laws, controlling for potential confounders often invoked to reject claims of racism and sexism.MethodsRegressions, simulations, and genetic matching are conducted using case‐level data from 237 incidents in the U.S. state of Florida between 2005 and 2013.ResultsControlling for potential confounders, the probability of conviction for a white defendant against a white victim is estimated to be 90 percent with much error; for a black defendant it is nearly 100 percent with little error. For a male defendant in a domestic case, the probability is 40 percent, whereas for a female defendant it is 80 percent.ConclusionsEnforcement of SYG laws appears biased against people of color in general and women specifically in the home. Policy implications are especially stark because these findings contradict recent research conducted for the U.S. Senate.
First Whole-Genome Sequence of a Haemophilus influenzae Type e Strain Isolated from a Patient with Invasive Disease in Italy
Authors: Giufrè Maria , Cardines Rita , Cerquetti Marina 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

In the present era of conjugate vaccines against
Haemophilus influenzae
type b, non-vaccine-preventable strains are of concern. Here, we report the first whole-genome sequence of an invasive
H. influenzae
type e strain. This genomic information will enable further investigations on encapsulated non-type b
H. influenzae
strains.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptomyces specialis Type Strain GW41-1564 (DSM 41924)
Authors: Loucif Lotfi , Michelle Caroline , Terras Jérôme , Rolain Jean-Marc , Raoult Didier , Fournier Pierre-Edouard 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Streptomyces specialis
type strain GW41-1564, which was isolated from soil. This 5.87-Mb genome exhibits a high G+C content of 72.72% and contains 5,486 protein-coding genes.
Tuberculosis in Enclosed Populations
Authors: Segal-Maurer Sorana 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Transmission of tuberculosis (TB) is most effective in close contact indoor environments in various congregate settings including health care facilities, homeless shelters, correctional facilities, long-term care facilities, as well as community settings such as homes, schools, workplaces, and various modes of transportation. Outbreaks are fueled by numerous factors including the HIV epidemic, ease of global travel, unstable socio-economic and/or political situations, and lapses in response to potentially infectious patients. Organized approaches to TB control include an appropriate index of suspicion, identification and isolation of contagious patients in appropriate facilities, use of environmental controls, and personal protective equipment in accordance to national and international published guidelines. These all require tailoring to the various settings where TB is encountered using a determination of risk. Concerted efforts at the local, regional, national, and international levels at identifying patients with active disease, enforcing completion of treatment, and testing and fully treating patients with latent TB infection are paramount in reducing TB burden and continued transmission.
Do Functional Movement Screen (FMS) composite scores predict subsequent injury? A systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Moran Robert W , Schneiders Anthony G , Mason Jesse , Sullivan S John 
Published: March 2017

AimThis paper aims to systematically review studies investigating the strength of association between FMS composite scores and subsequent risk of injury, taking into account both methodological quality and clinical and methodological diversity.DesignSystematic review with meta-analysis.Data sourcesA systematic search of electronic databases was conducted for the period between their inception and 3 March 2016 using PubMed, Medline, Google Scholar, Scopus, Academic Search Complete, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine Database), CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), Health Source and SPORTDiscus.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesInclusion criteria: (1) English language, (2) observational prospective cohort design, (3) original and peer-reviewed data, (4) composite FMS score, used to define exposure and non-exposure groups and (5) musculoskeletal injury, reported as the outcome. Exclusion criteria: (1) data reported in conference abstracts or non-peer-reviewed literature, including theses, and (2) studies employing cross-sectional or retrospective study designs.Results24 studies were appraised using the Quality of Cohort Studies assessment tool. In male military personnel, there was ‘strong’ evidence that the strength of association between FMS composite score (cut-point ≤14/21) and subsequent injury was ‘small’ (pooled risk ratio=1.47, 95% CI 1.22 to 1.77, p<0.0001,I2=57%). There was ‘moderate’ evidence to recommend against the use of FMS composite score as an injury prediction test in football (soccer). For other populations (including American football, college athletes, basketball, ice hockey, running, police and firefighters), the evidence was ‘limited’ or ‘conflicting’.ConclusionThe strength of association between FMS composite scores and subsequent injury does not support its use as an injury prediction tool.Trial registration numberPROSPERO registration number CRD42015025575.
Economic evaluation of aerobic exercise training in older adults with vascular cognitive impairment: PROMoTE trial
Authors: Davis Jennifer C , Hsiung Ging-Yuek Robin , Bryan Stirling , Best John R , Eng Janice J , Munkacsy Michelle , Cheung Winnie , Chiu Bryan , Jacova Claudia , Lee Philip , Liu-Ambrose Teresa 
Published: March 2017

Background/objectivesEvidence suggests that aerobic exercise may slow the progression of subcortical ischaemic vascular cognitive impairment (SIVCI) by modifying cardiovascular risk factors. Yet the economic consequences relating to aerobic training (AT) remain unknown. Therefore, our primary objective was to estimate the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained of a thrice weekly AT intervention compared with usual care.DesignCost–utility analysis alongside a randomised trial.SettingVancouver, British Columbia, Canada.Participants70 adults (mean age of 74 years, 51% women) who meet the diagnostic criteria for mild SIVCI.InterventionA 6-month, thrice weekly, progressive aerobic exercise training programme compared with usual care (CON; comparator) with a follow-up assessment 6 months after formal cessation of aerobic exercise training.MeasurementsHealthcare resource usage was estimated over the 6-month intervention and 6-month follow-up period. Health status (using the EQ-5D-3L) at baseline and trial completion and 6-month follow-up was used to calculate QALYs. The incremental cost–utility ratio (cost per QALY gained) was calculated.ResultsQALYs were both modestly greater, indicating a health gain. Total healthcare costs (ie, 1791±1369 {2015 $CAD} at 6 months) were greater, indicating a greater cost for the thrice weekly AT group compared with CON. From the Canadian healthcare system perspective, the incremental cost–utility ratios for thrice weekly AT were cost-effective compared with CON, when using a willingness to pay threshold of $CAD 20 000 per QALY gained or higher.ConclusionsAT represents an attractive and potentially cost-effective strategy for older adults with mild SIVCI.Trial registration numberNCT01027858.
Preliminary evidence that high levels of nicotine on children’s hands may contribute to overall tobacco smoke exposure
Authors: Mahabee-Gittens E Melinda , Merianos Ashley L , Matt Georg E 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundDust and surfaces are important sources of lead and pesticide exposure in young children. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate if third-hand smoke (THS) pollutants accumulate on the hands of children who live in environments where tobacco is used and if hand nicotine levels are associated with second-hand smoke (SHS), as measured by salivary cotinine.MethodsParticipants were parents and children (n=25; age mean (SD)=5.4 (5.3) years) presenting to the emergency department with a potentially SHS-related illness. A convenience sample of participants were recruited at baseline from an ongoing two-group, randomised controlled trial of a SHS reduction and tobacco cessation intervention. Parents were current smokers; thus, all children were at risk of SHS and THS exposure to varying extents. Primary outcome measures, which were assessed in child participants only, were hand nicotine and salivary cotinine. Parents reported sociodemographics and smoking patterns; children’s medical records were abstracted for chief complaint, medical history and discharge diagnosis.ResultsAll children had detectable hand nicotine (range=18.3–690.9 ng/wipe). All but one had detectable cotinine (range=1.2–28.8 ng/mL). Multiple linear regression results showed a significant positive association between hand nicotine and cotinine (p=0.009; semipartial r2=0.24), independent of child age.DiscussionThe higher-than-expected nicotine levels and significant association with cotinine indicate that THS may play a role in the overall exposure of young children to tobacco smoke toxicants and that hand wipes could be a useful marker of overall tobacco smoke pollution and a proxy for exposure.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02531594
Contributions of Professor Martin Brasier to the study of early life, stratigraphy and biogeochemistry
Authors: Brasier Alexander T. , McIlroy Duncan , McLoughlin Nicola 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Understanding early life has been one of the hottest topics in palaeobiology for many years, attracting some of the finest palaeontological minds. Three of the most fundamental innovations in the history of life were the appearance of the first cells, the evolution of multi-cellularity and the evolution of animals. The MOFAOTYOF principle (my oldest fossils are older than your oldest fossils) commonly clouds discussions around the oldest fossil evidence, requiring a rigorous and critical approach to determining which fossils are reliable and should form the basis of our understanding of early life. In addition, evidence for early fossils must be considered within their spatial context; we need to understand the conditions under which they were preserved and how they were preserved. This book summarizes recent progress in the fields of: (1) the cellular preservation of early microbial life; and (2) the early evolution of macroscopic animal life, including the Ediacaran biota. Deciphering the evidence for early life requires some degree of exceptional preservation, employment of state-of-the-art techniques and also an understanding gleaned from Phanerozoic lagerstätte and modern analogues. This integrated approach to understanding fossils, combined with adoption of the null hypothesis that all putative traces of life are abiotic until proved otherwise, characterized the work of Martin Brasier, as is well demonstrated by the papers in this book.

Supplementary material:
A chronological listing of all Martin Brasier's publications is available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3727696
Impairment of the Ability of HDL From Patients With Metabolic Syndrome but Without Diabetes Mellitus to Activate eNOS
Authors: Denimal Damien , Monier Serge , Brindisi Marie-Claude , Petit Jean-Michel , Bouillet Benjamin , Nguyen Amandine , Demizieux Laurent , Simoneau Isabelle , Pais de Barros Jean-Paul , Vergès Bruno , Duvillard Laurence 
Published: March 2017

Objective—
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) from nondiabetic patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) displays abnormalities in their lipidome, such as triglyceride enrichment and sphingosine-1-phosphate depletion. We hypothesized that these abnormalities could impair the ability of HDL to stimulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).

Approach and Results—

Compared with HDL from control subjects, HDL from normoglycemic patients with MetS was 39% richer in triglycerides (
P
<0.01) and 15% poorer in sphingosine-1-phosphate (
P
<0.05; n=23 in each group). eNOS activity, assessed by the conversion of L-[
3
H]arginine to L-[
3
H]citrulline, was 69% lower in human umbilical vein endothelial cells incubated with HDL from MetS patients than in cells incubated with HDL from controls (
P
<0.0001). In addition, the activating phosphorylation of eNOS at serine (Ser) 1177 and of Akt (protein kinase B) at Ser473 was 37% (
P
<0.001) and 39% (
P
<0.05) lower, respectively, with HDL from MetS patients. Sphingosine-1-phosphate enrichment of HDL from MetS patients restored their ability to stimulate eNOS activity (
P
<0.05), in relation with a significant increase in eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 (
P
<0.05) and in Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 (
P
=0.05). By contrast, triglyceride enrichment of HDL from control subjects did not modify eNOS activity (
P
=0.90) and phosphorylation at Ser1177 (
P
=0.87).

Conclusions—
We provide evidence that the activation of eNOS by HDL is decreased in MetS patients before the appearance of diabetes mellitus and that sphingosine-1-phosphate depletion of HDL is the main factor responsible for this defect. This has important consequences on the impairment of HDL functionality and antiatherogenic properties in these patients.