bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Angum gum in combination with tragacanth gum on rheological and sensory properties of ketchup
Authors: Komeilyfard Ahmadreza , Fazel Mohammad , Akhavan Hamidreza , Mousakhani Ganjeh Alireza 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Angum gum (AnG) alone and in combination with tragacanth gum (TG) on the stability, texture, sensory, and rheological properties of tomato ketchup. AnG, TG, and Angum gum and tragacanth gum mixture (AnGT; 1:1 ratio) were added at levels of 0.5, 1, and 1.5%. Ten tomato ketchup formulations were produced: control (without hydrocolloid), AnG (0.5–1.5%), TG (0.5–1.5%), AnGT (0.5–1.5%). It was observed that the hydrocolloids addition to tomato ketchup significantly decreased the Bostwick consistency value and serum separation at 2200, 5000, and 8800 g. Textural properties of tomato ketchup by using back extrusion test and particle size analysis were significantly increased with hydrocolloid addition. All tomato ketchup formulations showed shear thinning behavior and the addition of hydrocolloids increased apparent viscosity. The power law and Herschel–Bulkley models were successfully fitted with experimental data. The flow behavior indices of Herschel–Bulkley and power law models were changed in the range of 0.19–0.24 and 0.14–0.30, respectively. The consistency coefficients of these models were in the range of 16.31–79.57 and 11.19–146.06 Pa sn, respectively. The storage modulus (G′) of all tomato ketchups was higher than the loss modulus (G″). Hydrocolloid addition showed no significant effect on the color indices (L*, a*, b*, hue angle, chroma, and total color differences) of tomato ketchup. The overall acceptability of 1.5% AnG, 0.5% TG, 1 and 1.5% AnGT were significantly higher than other samples. Therefore, AnG can be used alone and in combination with TG as stabilizer in tomato ketchup.Practical ApplicationsThe consistency of tomato ketchup is an important attribute from both engineering and consumer viewpoints. It was observed that addition of TG, AnG, and AnGT to tomato ketchups significantly decreased their Bostwick consistency values and their serum separation. In addition, hydrocolloid addition showed no significant effect on the color indices (L*, a*, b*, Hue angle, chroma, and total color differences) of samples. Also, the panelists gave greatest sensory scores in term of overall acceptance to ketchups containing 1% AnGT than other samples.
Breath‐print analysis by e‐nose may refine risk stratification for adverse outcomes in cirrhotic patients
Authors: De Vincentis Antonio , Pennazza Giorgio , Santonico Marco , Vespasiani‐Gentilucci Umberto , Galati Giovanni , Gallo Paolo , Zompanti Alessandro , Pedone Claudio , Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele , Picardi Antonio 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsThe spectrum of volatile organic compounds in the exhaled breath (breath‐print, BP) has been shown to characterize patients with cirrhosis and with worse hepatic function. However, the association of different BPs with clinically relevant outcomes has not been described yet. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the association between BPs, mortality and hospitalization in cirrhotic patients and to compare it with that of the “classical” prognostic indices (Child‐Pugh Classification [CPC] and MELD).MethodsEighty‐nine cirrhotic patients (M/F 59/30, mean age 64.8 ± 11.3, CPC A/B/C 37/33/19) were recruited and followed up for a median time of 23 months. Clinical and biochemical data were collected. Breath collection and analysis were obtained through Pneumopipe® and BIONOTE e‐nose respectively.ResultsFour different BP clusters (A, B, C, D) were identified. BP clusters A and D were associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality (HR 2.9, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.5–5.6) and hospitalization (HR 2.6, 95% CI 1.4–4.6), even in multiple adjusted models including CPC and MELD score (adjusted [a]HR 2.8, 95% CI 1.1–7.0 for mortality and aHR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1–4.2 for hospitalization). CPC C maintained the strongest association with both mortality (aHR 17.6, 95% CI 1.8–174.0) and hospitalization (aHR 12.4, 95% CI 2.0–75.8).ConclusionsThis pilot study demonstrates that BP clusters are associated with significant clinical endpoints (mortality and hospitalization) even independently from “classical” prognostic indices. Even though further studies are warranted on this topic, our findings suggest that the e‐nose may become an adjunctive aid to stratify the risk of adverse outcomes in cirrhotic patients.
Diagnostic hepatic haemodynamic techniques: safety and radiation exposure
Authors: Hari Andrej , Nair Hari Kumar , De Gottardi Andrea , Baumgartner Iris , Dufour Jean‐François , Berzigotti Annalisa 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsHepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) and transjugular liver biopsy (TJLB) are increasingly used in the management of patients with liver disease. We aimed to describe the safety profile of these procedures, providing data on the intra‐ and periprocedure complications, radiation exposure and amount of iodinated contrast material used.MethodsIn 106 consecutive patients undergoing HVPG and TJLB data on fluoroscopy time (FT), absorbed radiation dose, equivalent effective dose (mSv) and volume of iodinated contrast material (ICM) were prospectively collected and reviewed, together with clinical and laboratory data. Incidence and severity of procedure‐related complications were assessed. In 28 hospitalised patients, creatinine values after 72 hours of the procedure were reviewed to identify contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN).ResultsMedian effective radiation dose was 5.4 mSv (IQR 10 mSv). A total 28.3% of patients exceeded an effective exposure of 10 mSv and 9.4% exceeded 20 mSv. Only age and BMI correlated with radiation dose (R = .327, P=.001 and R = .410, P<.0001 respectively), and only BMI remained independently associated with an exposure over 20 mSv. Procedure‐related complications occurred in eight patients (7.5%), and were minor in six cases. Median ICM volume was 12.5 mL. 6/28 patients met the diagnostic criteria for CIN.ConclusionsHepatic venous pressure gradient and Transjugular liver biopsy show a good safety profile and radiation exposure associated with these procedures is in most of the cases low. In hepatic haemodynamic procedures, efforts should be made to reduce the radiation dose in patients with overweight/obesity and to use the minimal possible ICM volume in patients with acute‐on‐chronic liver failure.
Taxonomic distinctness in the diet of two sympatric marine turtle species
Authors: Stringell Thomas B. , Clerveaux Wesley V. , Godley Brendan J. , Kent Flora E. A. , Lewis Emma D. G. , Marsh Jessica E. , Phillips Quinton , Richardson Peter B. , Sanghera Amdeep , Broderick Annette C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMarine turtles are considered keystone consumers in tropical coastal ecosystems and their decline through overexploitation has been implicated in the deterioration of reefs and seagrass pastures in the Caribbean. In the present study, we analysed stomach contents of green (Chelonia mydas) and hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) harvested in the legal turtle fishery of the Turks and Caicos Islands (Caribbean) during 2008–2010. Small juveniles to adult‐sized turtles were sampled. Together with data from habitat surveys, we assessed diet composition and the taxonomic distinctness (and other species diversity measures) in the diets of these sympatric marine turtle species. The diet of green turtles (n = 92) consisted of a total of 47 taxa: including three species of seagrass (present in 99% of individuals), 29 species of algae and eight sponge species. Hawksbill turtles (n = 45) consumed 73 taxa and were largely spongivorous (16 species; sponges present in 100% of individuals) but also foraged on 50 species of algae (present in 73% of individuals) and three species of seagrass. Plastics were found in trace amounts in 4% of green turtle and 9% of hawksbill turtle stomach samples. We expected to find changes in diet that might reflect ontogenetic shifts from small (oceanic‐pelagic) turtles to larger (coastal‐benthic) turtles. Dietary composition (abundance and biomass), however, did not change significantly with turtle size, although average taxonomic distinctness was lower in larger green turtles. There was little overlap in prey between the two turtle species, suggesting niche separation. Taxonomic distinctness routines indicated that green turtles had the most selective diet, whereas hawksbill turtles were less selective than expected when compared with the relative frequency and biomass of diet items. We discuss these findings in relation to the likely important trophic roles that these sympatric turtle species play in reef and seagrass habitats.
Investigating genomic and phenotypic parallelism between piscivorous and planktivorous lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) ecotypes by means ofRADseq and morphometrics analyses
Authors: Bernatchez S. , Laporte M. , Perrier C. , Sirois P. , Bernatchez L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRepeated adaptive ecological diversification has commonly been reported in fish and has often been associated with trophic niche diversity. The main goal of this study was to investigate the extent of parallelism in the genomic and phenotypic divergence between piscivorous and planktivorous lake trout ecotypes from Laurentian Shield lakes, Canada. This was achieved by documenting the extent of morphological differentiation using geometric morphometrics and linear measurements as well as the pattern of genomic divergence by means ofRADseq genotyping (3925 filteredSNPs) in 12 lakes. Our results indicate that the two ecotypes evolved distinct body shape and several linear measurements in parallel. Neutral genetic differentiation was pronounced between all isolated populations (MeanFST = 0.433), indicating no or very limited migration and pronounced genetic drift. Significant genetic differentiation also suggested partial reproductive isolation between ecotypes in the two lakes where they are found in sympatry. Combining different outlier detection methods, we identified 48SNPs putatively under divergent selection between ecotypes, among which 10 could be annotated and related to functions such as developmental processes and ionic regulation. Finally, our results indicate that parallel morphological divergence is accompanied by both parallel and nonparallel genomic divergence, which is associated with the use of different trophic niches between ecotypes. The results are also discussed in the context of management and conservation of this highly exploited species throughout northern North America.
Does adaptive radiation of a host lineage promote ecological diversity of its bacterial communities? A test using gut microbiota of Anolis lizards
Authors: Ren Tiantian , Kahrl Ariel F. , Wu Martin , Cox Robert M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAdaptive radiations provide unique opportunities to test whether and how recent ecological and evolutionary diversification of host species structures the composition of entire bacterial communities. We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing of faecal samples to test for differences in the gut microbiota of six species of Puerto Rican Anolis lizards characterized by the evolution of distinct ‘ecomorphs’ related to differences in habitat use. We found substantial variation in the composition of the microbiota within each species and ecomorph (trunk‐crown, trunk‐ground, grass‐bush), but no differences in bacterial alpha diversity among species or ecomorphs. Beta diversity analyses revealed subtle but significant differences in bacterial composition related to host phylogeny and species, but these differences were not consistently associated with Anolis ecomorph. Comparison of a trunk‐ground species from this clade (A. cristatellus) with a distantly related member of the same ecomorph class (A. sagrei) where the two species have been introduced and are now sympatric in Florida revealed pronounced differences in the alpha diversity and beta diversity of their microbiota despite their ecological similarity. Comparisons of these populations with allopatric conspecifics also revealed geographic differences in bacterial alpha diversity and beta diversity within each species. Finally, we observed high intraindividual variation over time and strong effects of a simplified laboratory diet on the microbiota of A. sagrei. Collectively, our results indicate that bacterial communities are only weakly shaped by the diversification of their lizard hosts due to the strikingly high levels of bacterial diversity and variation observed within Anolis species.
Genetic rescue in a severely inbred wolf population
Authors: Åkesson Mikael , Liberg Olof , Sand Håkan , Wabakken Petter , Bensch Staffan , Flagstad Øystein 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNatural populations are becoming increasingly fragmented which is expected to affect their viability due to inbreeding depression, reduced genetic diversity and increased sensitivity to demographic and environmental stochasticity. In small and highly inbred populations, the introduction of only a few immigrants may increase vital rates significantly. However, very few studies have quantified the long‐term success of immigrants and inbred individuals in natural populations. Following an episode of natural immigration to the isolated, severely inbred Scandinavian wolf (Canis lupus) population, we demonstrate significantly higher pairing and breeding success for offspring to immigrants compared to offspring from native, inbred pairs. We argue that inbreeding depression is the underlying mechanism for the profound difference in breeding success. Highly inbred wolves may have lower survival during natal dispersal as well as competitive disadvantage to find a partner. Our study is one of the first to quantify and compare the reproductive success of first‐generation offspring from migrants vs. native, inbred individuals in a natural population. Indeed, our data demonstrate the profound impact single immigrants can have in small, inbred populations, and represent one of very few documented cases of genetic rescue in a population of large carnivores.
Modal Response‐Based Visual System Identification and Model Updating Methods for Building Structures
Authors: Oh Byung Kwan , Kim Doyoung , Park Hyo Seon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article proposes a new system identification (SI) method using the modal responses obtained from the dynamic responses of a structure for estimating modal parameters. Since the proposed SI method visually extracts the mode shape of a structure through the plotting of modal responses based on measured data points, the complex calculation process for the correlation and the decomposition for vibration measurements required in SI methods can be avoided. Also, without dependence on configurations of SI methods inducing variations of modal parameters, mode shapes and modal damping ratios can be stably extracted through direct implementation of modal response. To verify the feasibility of the proposed method, the modal parameters of a shear frame were extracted from modal displacement data obtained from a vibration test, and the results were compared with those obtained from the existing frequency domain SI method. The proposed method introduces the maximum modal response ratio of each mode computed by modal displacement data, and from this, the contribution of each mode and each measured location to the overall structural response is indirectly evaluated. Moreover, this article proposes a model updating method establishing the error functions based on the differences between the analytical model and measurement for the natural frequencies and the modal responses reflecting both mode shape and modal contribution. The validity of the proposed method is verified through the response prediction and modal contributions of the models obtained from model updating based on dynamic displacement from a shaking table test for a shear‐type test frame.
Albuminuria is not associated with elevated urinary vesicle concentration but can confound nanoparticle tracking analysis
Authors: McNicholas Kym , Li Jordan YZ , Michael Michael Z , Gleadle Jonathan M 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimExtracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are present in urine with reports of roles in intercellular signalling and diagnostic utility. However, the extent to which the concentration and characteristics of urinary vesicles are altered in albuminuric renal disease has not been well characterized. In this study, we examined the number and characteristics of extracellular vesicles in albuminuric urine.MethodsVesicles were isolated from the urine of 32 patients with varying levels of albuminuria using ultracentrifugation and density gradient purification and were examined using nanoparticle tracking analysis, immunoblotting and transmission electron microscopy. The size profile of particles in these urine preparations was compared with albumin‐containing solutions.ResultsOverall, there were no substantial differences in the number, or characteristics, of vesicles released into proteinuric urine. Analysis of albumin‐containing solutions showed particles of exosome‐like size, suggesting that such particles can mimic exosomes in standard nanoparticle tracking analysis. Albumin and IgG depletion of proteinuric urine resulted in a substantial reduction in the concentration of particles detected by nanoparticle tracking analysis.ConclusionThere was no increase in urinary vesicle concentration in patients with albuminuria. Furthermore, these results demonstrate the need for cautious interpretation of nanoparticle tracking analysis of vesicle concentration in biological fluids containing protein and for sophisticated preparative methods in vesicle purification from urine.
Efficacy and safety of sucroferric oxyhydroxide compared with sevelamer hydrochloride in Japanese haemodialysis patients with hyperphosphataemia: A randomized, open‐label, multicentre, 12‐week phase III study
Authors: Koiwa Fumihiko , Yokoyama Keitaro , Fukagawa Masafumi , Terao Akira , Akizawa Tadao 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimWe aimed to investigate the non‐inferiority of PA21 (sucroferric oxyhydroxide) to sevelamer hydrochloride (sevelamer) in terms of efficacy and safety in Japanese haemodialysis patients with hyperphosphataemia.MethodsIn this Phase III, open‐label, multicentre study, 213 haemodialysis patients with hyperphosphataemia were randomized to PA21 or sevelamer treatment for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was adjusted serum phosphorus concentration at the end of treatment; the non‐inferiority of PA21 was confirmed if the upper limit of the two‐sided 95% confidence interval (CI) is ≤0.32 mmol/L. Secondary outcomes were corrected serum calcium and intact‐parathyroid hormone concentrations. Adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were evaluated.ResultsThe adjusted mean serum phosphorus concentration at the end of treatment confirmed the non‐inferiority of PA21 for lowering serum phosphorus compared with sevelamer (1.62 vs 1.72 mmol/L; difference, −0.11 mmol/L; 95% CI, −0.20 to −0.02 mmol/L). The mean daily tablet intake was 5.6 ± 2.6 and 18.7 ± 7.1 tablets in the PA21 and sevelamer groups, respectively. The incidences of AEs and ADRs were not significantly different between the two groups.ConclusionThe non‐inferiority of PA21 to sevelamer was confirmed for the treatment of Japanese haemodialysis patients with hyperphosphataemia. PA21 was effective, safe, and well tolerated, while having a considerably lower pill burden than sevelamer.
Candida virulence and ethanol‐derived acetaldehyde production in oral cancer and non‐cancer subjects
Authors: Alnuaimi AD , Ramdzan AN , Wiesenfeld D , O'Brien‐Simpson NM , Kolev SD , Reynolds EC , McCullough MJ 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo compare biofilm‐forming ability, hydrolytic enzymes and ethanol‐derived acetaldehyde production of oral Candida isolated from the patients with oral cancer and matched non‐oral cancer.Material and MethodsFungal biofilms were grown in RPMI‐1640 medium, and biofilm mass and biofilm activity were assessed using crystal violet staining and XTT salt reduction assays, respectively. Phospholipase, proteinase, and esterase production were measured using agar plate method, while fungal acetaldehyde production was assessed via gas chromatography.ResultsCandida isolated from patients with oral cancer demonstrated significantly higher biofilm mass (P = 0.031), biofilm metabolic activity (P < 0.001), phospholipase (P = 0.002), and proteinase (P = 0.0159) activity than isolates from patients with non‐oral cancer. High ethanol‐derived acetaldehyde‐producing Candida were more prevalent in patients with oral cancer than non‐oral cancer (P = 0.01). In univariate regression analysis, high biofilm mass (P = 0.03) and biofilm metabolic activity (P < 0.001), high phospholipase (P = 0.003), and acetaldehyde production ability (0.01) were significant risk factors for oral cancer; while in the multivariate regression analysis, high biofilm activity (0.01) and phospholipase (P = 0.01) were significantly positive influencing factors on oral cancer.ConclusionThese data suggest a significant positive association between the ability of Candida isolates to form biofilms, to produce hydrolytic enzymes, and to metabolize alcohol to acetaldehyde with their ability to promote oral cancer development.
Long‐Term Follow‐Up of Isolated Epicardial Left Ventricular Lead Implant Using a Minithoracotomy Approach for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: McALOON CHRISTOPHER J. , ANDERSON BENJAMIN M. , DIMITRI WADIH , PANTING JONATHAN , YUSUF SHAMIL , BHUDIA SUNIL K. , OSMAN FAIZEL 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundTransvenous left ventricular (LV) lead placement for cardiac resynchronization therapy is unsuccessful in 5–10% of reported cases. These patients may benefit from isolated surgical placement of an epicardial LV lead via minithoracotomy approach.AimTo evaluate the success of this approach at long‐term follow‐up.MethodsRetrospective evaluation of all consecutive patients undergoing isolated epicardial LV lead placement after failed transvenous attempt over a 6‐year period. Data collected on baseline parameters, procedural details, and outcome at follow‐up (hospital stay, complications, mortality, and clinical response).ResultsForty‐two patients underwent epicardial lead implant. Five died within 1 year (11.9%): two (4.8%) died within 30‐days post op (one from intraoperative hemorrhage, the other from multiple organ failure); 39 (95.1%) were admitted to the high dependency unit and transferred to the ward <24 hours. Median hospital stay was 3.4 ± 1.9 days. The overall complication rate was 17.5% (n = 7): 15.0% (n = 6) short term and 2.5% (n = 1) long term; these included three (7.5%) LV noncapture events all treated with reprogramming. There were two (5.0%) wound infections requiring oral antibiotics and two (5.0%) device infections requiring intravenous antibiotics (one had device resiting, the other developed septic shock requiring intensive care admission). Assessment of clinical response was possible in 34 (81.0%) at follow‐up: 21 (61.8%) were responders and 13 (28.2%) nonresponders with no significant differences between these groups; no clinical predictors of response were identified.ConclusionIsolated epicardial LV lead implant using minithoracotomy is relatively safe and effective at successful LV pacing. Response rate and postoperative recovery at long‐term follow‐up are reasonable in these high‐risk patients.