bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Technology Update: System Adds Reliability, Efficiency to Attaching Well Construction and Completion Tools
Authors: Moffitt Mike 
Published: July 2017

Technology Update
The secure placement of tools and accessories along well construction and completion strings is essential to executing downhole applications.
In wellbore cementing, for example, job success depends on efficient mud removal and cement displacement around the tubular. Both of these objectives may be compromised if channeling occurs, where the cement does not spread evenly in all directions. Prevention of channeling depends on designing the right cementing program, which includes achieving the optimal standoff between the string being cemented and the open hole.
Selecting the right centralizers and planning their location along the string are critical to achieving standoff. And securing the centralizers to keep them from sliding along the pipe is also essential to prevent damage to the string and the risk of leaving junk in the hole if the string must be removed from the wellbore.
A new attachment system designed for simplicity, reliability, and ease of installation has been developed by Ace Oil Tools to overcome the limitations of traditional methods used to secure tools and accessories to drilling and completion strings.
The patented design includes slim-profile male and female collars that are slid onto API casing joints and pressed together with a lightweight machine. As they are pressed together, corresponding ramps work to engage slip wickers to the joint to produce a very high holding force while maintaining a slim profile. The collars also feature a ratchet mechanism to prevent them from coming apart, forming a permanent lock to the joint.
Current Industry Practices
Historically, the most common method for holding casing equipment in place has been to use stop collars that are secured to the liner with set screws. These simple, inexpensive tools are used when only a low holding force is needed and their relatively high profile does not prevent the string from passing through restrictions.
This type of stop collar is not typically suitable for critical wells or in drilling programs that use semi-flush or flush-joint connections. If the collar fails, there are no couplings within the string to push accessories past restrictions, possibly preventing the string from reaching total depth. Collar failure can also result in suboptimal standoff, pipe damage, and junk left in the hole.
As the offshore drilling industry evolved, centralizer subs were developed as a more reliable solution. These short tubulars are threaded into the string between joints. Subs contain machined profiles to interface with the centralizers to prevent them from sliding along the string as they are run into the wellbore. Because the profiles are integral to the sub, they will not fail under high loads.
Some of the issues with centralizer subs are their high expense and the limitations they impose on string design. Only one centralizer per joint can be run, and it can only be placed in a suboptimal location between the joints.
Slug-Smoothing Technology Sees Over 200 Shale Installs, Gets Boost From Schlumberger JV
Authors: Jacobs Trent 
Published: July 2017

The undulating trajectories common to horizontal wells are the source of one of their greatest pain points—gas slugs. When these fast-moving accumulations reach the internals of an artificial lift system, a best case result may be a momentary pause in production. On the other hand, a gas slug could represent the bitter end for a lift system that may have cost six figures.
The problem has been serious enough to drive operators in the Permian Basin to adopt an artificial lift strategy not historically used there. Manufacturers have responded to the challenge by trying to make pumps more slug-tolerant, while others are marketing automatic shut-down systems for asset protection.
HEAL Systems has taken a different tact with a technology that it says removes slugging from the production equation by separating the horizontal from the vertical well sections and regulating the flow between them. The emerging innovation is called a horizontal-enhanced artificial lift (HEAL) system. It has no moving parts, and can be connected to any variant of lift system.
In May, the company gained commercial steam through a joint venture with Schlumberger. Partnering with the service company will give HEAL Systems (formerly known as Production Plus Energy Services) manufacturing support and elevate its visibility in key markets such as the Middle East.
“We’ve recognized that as a small company, scaling up is a challenge,” said Jeff Saponja, the chief executive officer of HEAL Systems, adding that the goal of the joint venture “is to get this technology out there, grow the company faster, and have access to an incredible research capability to develop it to the fullest.”
Production Plus shareholders retain the majority share of the joint venture, allowing it to continue to market HEAL units to other service outfits and pump manufacturers.
Based on its more than 200 installations in the US and Canada, the company is touting data that show its product has extended the run life of pumps in shale wells by months and sometimes years. Highlighted case studies of multiple wells in different formations claim this longevity has generated production improvements of 40–100% above prior baselines.
OTC Focuses on Downturn-Led Innovation and the Bottom Line
Authors: Jacobs Trent , Rassenfoss Stephen , Parshall Joel , Whitfield Stephen , Wilson Adam 
Published: July 2017

Conference review
Technical papers and panel presentations at this year’s Offshore Technology Conference (OTC) reflected the times, with a clear focus on doing things more efficiently and cheaply and how innovation and incremental improvements in technology can help. The annual conference, held in early May in Houston, attracted just under 65,000 attendees from more than 100 countries. Below are highlights from this year’s conference. More extensive coverage can be found at www.spe.org/jpt.
Thinking Like Shale
One of the most important questions asked at this year’s conference was how deepwater projects can compete with shale developments. The answer, according to at least one executive, is for the deepwater sector to become more like the shale business.
Roger Jenkins, chief executive officer (CEO) of independent producer Murphy Oil, said it is not necessarily about technology transfer. “It’s an attitude around needing to have continuous improvement, and that is what onshore has brought to the table,” he explained. “Every day, you have to improve and go faster.”
Jenkins stressed that more synergies are needed between these two arenas, not so much to benefit shale production, but to protect the investment viability of deep water, which he said needs higher margins of returns than shale due to the risk factor.
Murphy Oil is one of the few US independents that maintains a balanced port-folio of shale fields in North America and deepwater operations offshore southeast Asia and in the US Gulf of Mexico.
Jenkins said the company’s hybrid model has helped the “unconventional mindset” migrate into its deep water operations. However, he pointed out a number of areas where this attitude has yet to take form. The list of shale sector attributes that need to cross over included: shorter production cycle times, a trend of lowering costs, greater field efficiencies, and the use of commonly available types of equipment.
There has been one critical area where both the unconventional and offshore sector have recently become similar: drilling times. Jenkins shared that benchmark offshore drilling times have improved from 8 days per 1,000 ft drilled a few years ago to just over 4 days per 1,000 ft today. “The percent of improvement that is taking place onshore, is taking place offshore as well,” he said.
Northern Territory Unconventional Resources: A Regulatory Perspective
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: July 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 182404, “Unconventional-Resources Exploration and Development in the Northern Territory—Challenges From a Regulator’s Perspective,” by M. Rezazadeh, J. van Hattum, and D. Marozzi, Northern Territory Department of Mines and Energy, prepared for the 2016 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Perth, Australia, 25–27 October. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
The production of conventional onshore oil and gas in Australia’s Northern Territory began in 1983 from the Palm Valley Field (gas) in the Amadeus Basin. Until 2010, the industry relied on conventional oil and gas development technology, but, in recent years, the focus of the industry has shifted to unconventional-resource exploration. This paper outlines the key issues that must be addressed from a regulatory perspective in regard to the development of an onshore unconventional-gas industry in the Northern Territory.
Introduction
In the Northern Territory, the Department of Mines and Energy (DME) is the agency responsible for regulating the exploration and production of oil and gas and the administration of petroleum tenures and petroleum pipelines onshore and in designated coastal waters up to 3 nautical miles seaward from the Territorial Sea Baseline of the Northern Territory. The DME’s role is to ensure that best-practice regulatory principles are applied for the sustainable and safe exploration and production of natural resources in the Northern Territory.
In the Northern Territory, hydraulic fracturing has taken place since 1967, mainly as a process to enhance hydrocarbon production from conventional reservoirs with vertical wells. Since 2011, however, hydraulic fracturing has been carried out during exploration for unconventional hydrocarbons. Until now, developmental drilling has taken place only in producing fields in the Amadeus Basin. In the McArthur, Bonaparte, South Georgina, and Pedirka Basins, exploration activities are ongoing.
Onshore Northern Territory oil production comes from the Mereenie and Surprise Fields. Until November 2015, onshore gas production in the Northern Territory came from the Mereenie and Palm Valley Fields. In December 2015, the Dingo Field began producing gas. In 2015, 3,703 MMscf of gas was produced from the three fields.
Current Northern Territory Onshore Petroleum Regulatory Framework
The Northern Territory Petroleum Act is the principal existing legislation regulating oil and gas exploration and production. The DME currently uses the Schedule of Onshore Petroleum Exploration and Production Requirements (referred to here as the Schedule) to regulate petroleum activities; this guideline is similar to that which Western Australia previously used. In 2015, Western Australia replaced the Schedule with its Petroleum Resource Management and Administration Regulations. The Schedule is used to provide requirements to regulate and audit all petroleum activities.
Resistance to Southern Root-knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) in Wild Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides)
Authors: Thies Judy A. , Ariss Jennifer J. , Kousik Chandrasekar S. , Hassell Richard L. , Levi Amnon 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Southern root-knot nematode (RKN, Meloidogyne incognita) is a serious pest of cultivated watermelon (Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) in southern regions of the United States and no resistance is known to exist in commercial watermelon cultivars. Wild watermelon relatives (Citrullus lanatus var. citroides) have been shown in greenhouse studies to possess varying degrees ofresistance to RKN species. Experiments were conducted over 2 yr to assess resistance of southern RKN in C. lanatus var. citroides accessions from the U.S. Watermelon Plant Introduction Collection in an artificially infested field site at the U.S. Vegetable Laboratory in Charleston, SC. In the first study (2006), 19 accessions of C. lanatus var. citroides were compared with reference entries of Citrullus colocynthis and C. lanatus var. lanatus. Of the wild watermelon accessions, two entries exhibited significantly less galling than all other entries. Five of the best performing C. lanatus var. citroides accessions were evaluated with and without nematicide at the same field site in 2007. Citrullus lanatus var. citroides accessions performed better than C. lanatus var. lanatus and C. colocynthis. Overall, most entries of C. lanatus var. citroides performed similarly with and without nematicide treatment in regard to root galling, visible egg masses, vine vigor, and root mass. In both years of field evaluations, most C. lanatus var. citroides accessions showed lesser degrees of nematode reproduction and higher vigor and root mass than C. colocynthis and C. lanatus var. lanatus. The results of these two field evaluations suggest that wild watermelon populations may be useful sources of resistance to southern RKN.
Assessment of DAPG-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens for Management of Meloidogyne incognita and Fusarium oxysporum on Watermelon
Authors: Meyer Susan L. F. , Everts Kathryne L. , Gardener Brian McSpadden , Masler Edward P. , Abdelnabby Hazem M. E. , Skantar Andrea M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Pseudomonas fluorescens isolates Clinto 1R, Wayne 1R, and Wood 1R, which produce the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloro-glucinol (DAPG), can suppress soilborne diseases and promote plant growth. Consequently, these beneficial bacterial isolates were tested on watermelon plants for suppression of Meloidogyne incognita (root-knot nematode: RKN) and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon). In a greenhouse trial, Wayne 1R root dip suppressed numbers of RKN eggs per gram root on ‘Charleston Gray’ watermelon by 28.9%. However, in studies focused on ‘Sugar Baby’ watermelon, which is commercially grown in Maryland, a Wayne 1R root dip did not inhibit RKN reproduction or plant death caused by Fon. When all three isolates were applied as seed coats, plant stand in the greenhouse was reduced up to 60% in treatments that included Fon ± P. fluorescens, and eggs per gram root did not differ among treatments. In a microplot trial with Clinto 1R and Wayne 1R root dips, inoculation with P. fluorescens and/or Fon resulted in shorter vine lengths than treatment with either P. fluorescens isolate plus RKN. Root weights, galling indices, eggs per gram root, and second-stage juvenile (J2) numbers in soil were similar among all RKN-inoculated treatments, and fruit production was not affected by treatment. Plant death was high in all treatments. These studies demonstrated that the tested P. fluorescens isolates resulted in some inhibition of vine growth in the field, and were not effective for enhancing plant vigor or suppressing RKN or Fon on watermelon.
The Effect of Endophytic Fungi on Nematode Populations in Summer-dormant and Summer-active Tall Fescue
Authors: Rogers James K. , Walker Nathan R. , Young Carolyn A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Summer-active (continental) and summer-dormant (Mediterranean) tall fescue morphotypes are each adapted to different environmental conditions. Endophyte presence provides plant parasitic nematode resistance, but not with all endophyte strains and cultivar combinations. This study sought to compare effects of four nematode genera on continental and Mediterranean cultivars infected with common toxic or novel endophyte strains. A 6-mon greenhouse study was conducted with continental cultivars, Kentucky 31 (common toxic) and Texoma MaxQ II (novel endophyte) and the Mediterranean cultivar Flecha MaxQ (novel endophyte). Endophyte-free plants of each cultivar were controls. Each cultivar × endophyte combination was randomly assigned to a control, low or high inoculation rate of a mixed nematode culture containing stunt nematodes (Tylenchorhynchus spp.), ring nematodes (Criconemella spp.), spiral nematodes (Helicotylenchus spp.), and lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.). Endophyte infection had no effect on nematode population densities. The cultivar × endophyte interaction was significant. Population densities of stunt nematode, spiral nematode, and ring nematodes were higher for Flecha MaxQ than other cultivar × endophyte combinations. Novel endophyte infection enhances suitability of Flecha MaxQ as a nematode host.
A Third New Species of Aporcelinus Andrássy, 2009 (Dorylaimida, Aporcelaimidae) from Vietnam, with the First SEM Study of a Representative of the Genus
Authors: Nguyen Thi Anh Duong , Abolafia Joaquín , Bonkowski Michael , Pena-Santiago Reyes 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A new species, the third one from Vietnam, of the genus Aporcelinus is described from natural areas. Aporcelinus falci-caudatus sp. n. is characterized by its 1.28 to 1.63 mm long body, lip region offset by weak constriction and 16 to 18 μm broad, odontostyle 18 to 21 μm at its ventral side, neck 354 to 406 μm long, uterus tripartite and 61 to 95 μm long, V = 50 to 55, tail strongly recurved dorsad and conical (23–31 μm, c = 43–58, c’ = 0.7–0.9) with finely rounded tip, and male absent. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) study, the first of a representative of the genus, shows a lip region pattern significantly different from that observed in the typical aporcelaimid taxa.
Nematode Fauna of Tropical Rainforest in Brazil: A Descriptive and Seasonal Approach
Authors: Cardoso Mercia S. O. , Pedrosa Elvira M. R. , Ferris Howard , Rolim Mario M. , Oliveira Lamartine S. C. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Studies of nematode assemblages in natural ecosystems can contribute to better understanding of the occurrence, relevance, and ecology of plant-parasitic and other soil nematodes. Nematode assemblages and environmental parameters (organic matter, water content (WC), bulk density (BD), total porosity (Po),soil respiration, and soil texture) were investigated in two seasons (rainy and dry) in two forest areas of the Zona da Mata, Pernambuco State. The aim of our research was to evaluate the heterogeneity between two locations and seasons in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Structure and composition of the nematode assemblages differed between areas and across time. Rhabditidae dominated the rainy season in both forest soils. Rarefaction curves (RC) suggest that sampling to detect more nematode taxa should be more intensive in the rainy season. The forest soils have complex, stable soil food webs with high connectance and decomposition channels dominated by bacteria. The predator–prey relationships were not affected by changes in soil properties that fluctuate with time.
The Effects of Nutrient Concentration, Addition of Thickeners, and Agitation Speed on Liquid Fermentation of Steinernema feltiae
Authors: Leite Luis G. , Shapiro-Ilan David I. , Hazir Selcuk , Jackson Mark A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Entomopathogenic nematode production in liquid fermentation still requires improvements to maximize efficiency, yield, and nematode quality. Therefore, this study was aimed at developing a more suitable liquid medium for mass production of Steinernema feltiae, by assessing the effects of nutrient concentration, thickeners (primarily agar), and agitation speed on infective juvenile (IJ) yield. Base medium (BM) contained yeast extract (2.3%), egg yolk (1.25%), NaCl (0.5%), and corn oil (4%). All media were inoculated with Xenorhabdus bovienii, and 2 d later, with 2-d-old S. feltiae juveniles. For the nutrient concentration experiment, we evaluated the base medium versus a modified base medium containing all the components, but with 3× concentrations of yeast extract (6.9%), egg yolk (3.75%), and corn oil (12%). The nematodes and bacteria were cultured in 150-ml Erlenmeyer flasks containing 50 ml of liquid medium at (25°C) and 180 rpm on a rotary shaker incubator. To assess the effect of thickeners, IJs were inoculated in BM with agar (0.2%), carrageen (0.2%), and carboxymethyl cellulose (0.2% and 0.5%). The addition of 3× more nutrients relative to the BM resulted in a significantly lower yield of nematodes. For agar and agitation speed experiments, five levels of agar in the BM (0%,0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% agar) and two agitation speeds (180 and 280 rpm) were evaluated for production. Increasing agitation speed from 180 to 280 rpm and higher levels of agar in the medium (> 0.2%) significantly increased the yield of bacteria. At the lower agitation speed, media amended with 0.4% and 0.6% agar produced higher nematode yields compared to media without agar. Media with 0.2% and 0.8% agar resulted in intermediate levels of nematode production. At the higher agitation speed, media supplemented with 0.8% agar resulted in the lowest yield of nematodes when compared to the other media tested. Results indicated that increasing nutrient concentration levels was detrimental to nematode production. Also, media containing agar (0.4% and 0.6%) increased nematode yields when cultures were grown at low agitation speed. When IJs were used as the inoculum, 0.2% agar also enhanced recovery and nematode yield at the higher agitation speed.
Steinernema biddulphi n. sp., a New Entomopathogenic Nematode (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) from South Africa
Authors: Cimen Harun , Půža Vladimír , Nermuť Jiří , Hatting Justin , Ramakuwela Tshima , Hazir Selcuk 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
A new species of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Steinernema biddulphi n. sp., was isolated from a maize field in Senekal, Free State Province of South Africa. Morphological and molecular studies indicated the distinctness of S. biddulphi n. sp. from other Steinernema species. Steinernema biddulphi n. sp. is characterized IJs with average body length of 663 μm (606–778 μm), lateral fields with six ridges in mid-body region forming the formula 2,6,2. Excretory pore located anterior to mid-pharynx (D% = 46). Hyaline layer occupies approximately half of tail length. Male spicules slightly to moderately curved, with a sharp tip and golden brown in color. The first generation of males lacking a mucron on the tail tip while the second generation males with a short filamentous mucron. Genital papillae with 11 pairs and one unpaired preanal papilla. The new species is further characterized by sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial 28S regions (D2-D3) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Phylogenetic data show that S. biddulphi n. sp. belongs to the “bicornutum” clade within the Steinernematidae family.
Coronostoma claireaen. sp. (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Oxyuridomorpha: Coronostomatidae) from the Indigenous MillipedNarceus gordanus(Chamberlain, 1943) (Diplopoda: Spirobolida) in Ocala National Forest, Florida
Authors: Phillips Gary , Bernard Ernest C. , Pivar Robert J. , Moulton John K. , Shelley Rowland M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTwenty-four individuals ofNarceus gordanus(Diplopoda: Spirobolidae) were collected in Ocala National Forest, FL, between November 2013 and July 2014. Each specimen was dissected to extract the intestine, which was removed and examined for parasitic nematodes.Coronostoma claireaen. sp. was collected from the hindgut and midgut of 10 specimens, and its morphology was examined with brightfield, differential interference contrast, phase contrast, and scanning electron microscopy. This species is separated from otherCoronostomaspp. by the following characteristics: body length less than 3 mm; head sense organs pit-like; first annule long, extending past middle of corpus, width similar to that of second annule; basal bulb pyriform; eggs larger than 60 × 50 μm. This species is the first North American record for the genusCoronostoma, which is removed from Thelastomatoidea: Thelastomatidae and reassigned to Coronostomatidae on the basis of presumed apomorphies. A key is provided for knownCoronostomaspp. The superfamily Coronostomatoidea is re-established for Coronostomatidae and Traklosiidae.