bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lightweight scheduling for the PRAGMA cloud testbed
Authors: Smallen Shava , Williams Nadya , Papadopoulos Philip 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe Pacific Rim Application and Grid Middleware Assembly (PRAGMA) is a community of research scientists and institutions from around the Pacific Rim that work together to enable scientific expeditions in areas such as biodiversity distribution and lake ecology. PRAGMA's members collaborate on a testbed infrastructure, and over the past 4 years, the technology focus has shifted to cloud and software defined networking as enabling technologies. This paper describes the design of a web‐based cloud scheduler reservation system that enables users to easily run and manage virtual clusters for their science. Based on a client‐server architecture, the cloud scheduler is designed to require minimal installation and management effort for participating PRAGMA testbed sites. The PRAGMA cloud scheduler is built using a web‐based room reservation tool called Booked and leverages several PRAGMA technologies such as pragma_boot, Personal Cloud Controller, and virtual network overlays (eg, IPOP and ViNe). We discuss our implementation of the pilot cloud scheduler and then describe future work.
The utility of flow cytometry in differentiating NK/T cell lymphoma from indolent and reactive NK cell proliferations
Authors: de Mel Sanjay , Li Jenny Bei , Abid Muhammad Bilal , Tang Tiffany , Tay Hui Ming , Ting Wen Chang , Poon Li Mei , Chung Tae Hoon , Mow Benjamin , Tso Allison , Ong Kiat Hoe , Chng Wee Joo , Liu Te Chih 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThe WHO defines three categories of NK cell malignancies; extra nodal NK/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL), aggressive NK cell leukemia, and the provisional entity chronic lymphoproliferative disorder of NK cells (CLPD‐NK). Although the flow cytometric (FC) phenotype of CLPD‐NK has been described, studies on FC phenotype of NKTCL are limited. To the best of our knowledge ours is the first study to compare the phenotype of NKTCL, CLPD‐NK, reactive NK lymphocytosis (RNKL), and normal NK cells using eight color (8C) FC.MethodsSpecimens analyzed using the Euroflow8C NK Lymphoproliferative Disorder (NKLPD) panel between 2011 and 2014 were identified from our database. All samples were analyzed on the FACSCantoII cytometer. NK cells were identified as CD45+, smCD3−, CD19−, CD56+ and normal T‐cells served as internal controls.ResultsThe majority of NKTCL were CD56 bright, CD16 dim, CD57−, and CD94+. CLPD‐NK and RNKL were predominantly CD56+ or dim with positive expression of CD16 and CD57 and weak CD94 expression. Antigen based statistical analyses showed robust division of samples along the NKTCL/normal CD56 bright NK cell and CLPD‐NK/RNKL/normal CD56 positive NK cell groups.ConclusionsIt was concluded that FC can reliably distinguish NKTCL from CLPD‐NK, normal NK cells of CD56+ phenotype, and RNKL. It was proposed that the typical phenotype for NKTCL is: CD56 bright, CD16 dim with positive CD2, CD7, CD94, HLADR, CD25, CD26, and absent CD57. This resembles the phenotype of the CD56 bright immunoregulatory subset of NK cells which we therefore hypothesize is the cell of origin of NKTCL. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Accuracy of cytology in sub typing non small cell lung carcinomas
Authors: Patel Trupti S. , Shah Majal G. , Gandhi Jahnavi S. , Patel Pratik 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundSub typing of non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) has an important task in the era of molecular and targeted therapies. Differentiating between squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) and adenocarcinoma (ADC) is challenging when limited material is available in lung carcinoma. We investigated the accuracy and feasibility of sub typing NSCLCs in cytology and small biopsy material.MethodsConcurrent cytology and biopsy material obtained in a single CT‐ guided procedure in lung carcinoma over a year period retrospectively. Both materials were individually sub typed and analyzed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed. Accuracy was determined by comparing the results with IHC.ResultsTotal 107 of 126 cases of NSCLCs were included for analysis, where both cytology and biopsy material were adequate for interpretation. FNAC allowed tumor typing in 83 (77.6%) cases; 36 (33.6%) were ADC, 47 (43.9%) cases were SQCC and 24 (22.4%) cases diagnosed as Non‐small cell carcinoma not otherwise specified (NSCLC‐NOS). In biopsy, 86 cases (80.4%) were typed, among which 34 (31.8%) were ADC, 52 (48.6%) were SQCC and 21 (19.6%) were of NSCLC‐NOS type. The result of Chi‐square index was significant. With the aid of IHC, NSCLC‐NOS reduced from 14 (13%) cases to 2 (1.9%) cases.ConclusionCytology and small biopsy specimens achieved comparable specificity and accuracy in sub‐typing NSCLC and optimal results were obtain when findings from both modalities combine. The advantage of paired specimens is to maximize overall diagnostic yield and the remaining material will be available for ancillary technique like IHC or for molecular testing. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:598–603. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relationship between desired weight and eating disorder pathology in youth
Authors: Boyd Hope K. , Kass Andrea E. , Accurso Erin C. , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Wildes Jennifer E. , Le Grange Daniel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with eating disorders (ED), particularly anorexia nervosa (AN), and bulimia nervosa (BN), often wish to reduce their body weight in pursuit of a thin ideal, but no study has examined the relation between desired weight and ED pathology in a clinical population of youth. Given the potential impact of desired weight on normalization of eating patterns and weight restoration, we examined the relation between desired weight and ED pathology in youth with AN or BN.MethodsParticipants were 340 youth presenting to an outpatient ED clinical research program. Height and weight were measured, and youth completed the Eating Disorder Examination. Desired weight was operationalized as “desired weight percentage” (calculated as a percentage of expected body weight [EBW]) and “weight difference percentage” (actual weight minus desired weight, divided by actual weight and multiplied by 100).ResultsYouth with AN desired to be a lower percentage of their EBW than youth with BN (p < .001). However, youth with AN, on average, wanted to gain 5.28% of their body weight and youth with BN wanted to lose 13.60% (p < .001). Desired weight percentage and weight difference percentage were associated with greater ED psychopathology, controlling for ED diagnosis, age, and sex (ps < .001).DiscussionDesired weight is associated with elevated ED psychopathology. Weight goals may shift as individuals progress through treatment; if they do not, then desired weight may be an important indicator of a lack of psychological progress.
Incorporating breeding abundance into spatial assignments on continuous surfaces
Authors: Rushing Clark S. , Marra Peter P. , Studds Colin E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDetermining the geographic connections between breeding and nonbreeding populations, termed migratory connectivity, is critical to advancing our understanding of the ecology and conservation of migratory species. Assignment models based on stable isotopes historically have been an important tool for studying migratory connectivity of small‐bodied species, but the low resolution of these assignments has generated interest into combining isotopes with other sources in information. Abundance is one of the most appealing data sources to include in isotope‐based assignments, but there are currently no statistical methods or guidelines for optimizing the contribution of stable isotopes and abundance for inferring migratory connectivity. Using known‐origin stable‐hydrogen isotope samples of six Neotropical migratory bird species, we rigorously assessed the performance of assignment models that differentially weight the contribution of the isotope and abundance data. For two species with adequate sample sizes, we used Pareto optimality to determine the set of models that simultaneously minimized both assignment error rate and assignment area. We then assessed the ability of the top models from these two species to improve assignments of the remaining four species compared to assignments based on isotopes alone. We show that the increased precision of models that include abundance is often offset by a large increase in assignment error. However, models that optimally weigh the abundance data relative to the isotope data can result in higher precision and, in some cases, lower error than models based on isotopes alone. The top models, however, depended on the distribution of relative breeding abundance, with patchier distributions requiring stronger downweighting of abundance, and we present general guidelines for future studies. These results confirm that breeding abundance can be an important source of information for studies investigating broad‐scale movements of migratory birds and potentially other taxa.
Dissecting spatiotemporal patterns of functional diversity through the lens of Darwin's naturalization conundrum
Authors: Campbell Sara E. , Mandrak Nicholas E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDarwin's naturalization conundrum describes the paradigm that community assembly is regulated by two opposing processes, environmental filtering and competitive interactions, which predict both similarity and distinctiveness of species to be important for establishment. Our goal is to use long‐term, large‐scale, and high‐resolution temporal data to examine diversity patterns over time and assess whether environmental filtering or competition plays a larger role in regulating community assembly processes. We evaluated Darwin's naturalization conundrum and how functional diversity has changed in the Laurentian Great Lakes fish community from 1870 to 2010, which has experienced frequent introductions of non‐native species and extirpations of native species. We analyzed how functional diversity has changed over time by decade from 1870 to 2010 at three spatial scales (regional, lake, and habitat) to account for potential noninteractions between species at the regional and lake level. We also determined which process, environmental filtering or competitive interactions, is more important in regulating community assembly and maintenance by comparing observed patterns to what we would expect in the absence of an ecological mechanism. With the exception of one community, all analyses show that functional diversity and species richness has increased over time and that environmental filtering regulates community assembly at the regional level. When examining functional diversity at the lake and habitat level, the regulating processes become more context dependent. This study is the first to examine diversity patterns and Darwin's conundrum by integrating long‐term, large‐scale, and high‐resolution temporal data at multiple spatial scales. Our results confirm that Darwin's conundrum is highly context dependent.
Observations of bedload transport in a gravel bed river during high flow using fiber‐optic DTS methods
Authors: Bray Erin N. , Dunne Thomas 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe question: ‘how does a streambed change over a minor flood?’ does not have a clear answer due to lack of measurement methods during high flows. We investigate bedload transport and disentrainment during a 1.5‐year flood by linking field measurements using fiber optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) cable with sediment transport theory and an existing explicit analytical solution to predict depth of sediment deposition from amplitude and phase changes of the diurnal near‐bed pore‐water temperature. The method facilitates the study of gravel transport by using near‐bed temperature time series to estimate rates of sediment deposition continuously over the duration of a high flow event coinciding with bar formation. The observations indicate that all gravel and cobble particles present were transported along the riffle at a relatively low Shields Number for the median particle size, and were re‐deposited on the lee side of the bar at rates that varied over time during a constant flow. Approximately 1–6% of the bed was predicted to be mobile during the 1.5‐year flood, indicating that large inactive regions of the bed, particularly between riffles, persist between years despite field observations of narrow zones of local transport and bar growth on the order ~3–5 times the median particle size. In contrast, during a seven‐year flood approximately 8–55% of the bed was predicted to become mobile, indicating that the continuous along‐stream mobility required to mobilize coarse gravel through long pools and downstream to the next riffle is infrequent. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Tsimane Health and Life History Project: Integrating anthropology and biomedicine
Authors: Gurven Michael , Stieglitz Jonathan , Trumble Benjamin , Blackwell Aaron D. , Beheim Bret , Davis Helen , Hooper Paul , Kaplan Hillard 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Tsimane Health and Life History Project, an integrated bio‐behavioral study of the human life course, is designed to test competing hypotheses of human life‐history evolution. One aim is to understand the bidirectional connections between life history and social behavior in a high‐fertility, kin‐based context lacking amenities of modern urban life (e.g. sanitation, banks, electricity). Another aim is to understand how a high pathogen burden influences health and well‐being during development and adulthood. A third aim addresses how modernization shapes human life histories and sociality. Here we outline the project's goals, history, and main findings since its inception in 2002. We reflect on the implications of current findings and highlight the need for more coordinated ethnographic and biomedical study of contemporary nonindustrial populations to address broad questions that can situate evolutionary anthropology in a key position within the social and life sciences.
Older adults' attitudes toward depression screening in primary care settings and exploring a brief educational pamphlet
Authors: Shah Avani , Scogin Forrest , Pierpaoli Christina M. , Shah Amit 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess older adults' (OAs') attitudes toward depression screening in primary care settings with a survey and explore the impact of an educational pamphlet on these attitudes.MethodsOlder adults above age 55 (N = 140) were randomly stratified by sex to an intervention or control group. The study included a baseline assessment, posttest, the Geriatric Depression Scale‐Short Form, a two‐page pamphlet on health and mood, and a 10‐question quiz.ResultsOn the basis of survey responses, most participants (93.6%) were willing to complete a depression screen at their doctor's office, and 92.1% perceived depression screening as valuable to their health care. Participants rated the Geriatric Depression Scale‐Short Form positively. The survey also provided information on how screening could be conducted in primary care settings to maximize OAs' comfort. Participants preferred screening in the waiting room or examination room instead of the nurse's station. Those receiving the pamphlet became significantly more willing to be screened for depression than those who did not, F(1, 134) = 4.47, p = 0.04.ConclusionMost OAs appear receptive to completing a depression screen in primary care settings. Educating OAs about the value of depression screening and tailoring recognition systems to account for preferences may be an initial step in improving recognition rates. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olfactory training with older people
Authors: Birte‐Antina Wegener , Ilona Croy , Antje Hähner , Thomas Hummel 
Published: April 2017

Background/objectivesLoss of olfactory function is largely found with aging. Such a reduction in olfactory function affects quality of life and enhances likelihood of depressive symptoms. Furthermore, it has been shown that reduction in olfactory function is associated with cognitive impairment and several diseases such as major depression. Because several studies suggest that discontinuous exposure to odors may improve general olfactory function, the primary aim of this study was to investigate whether such “olfactory training” has positive effects on subjective well‐being and cognitive function.DesignWe performed a controlled, unblinded, longitudinal studySettingThe study took place at an outpatients' clinic of a Department of Otorhinolaryngology at a Medical University.ParticipantsA total of 91 participants (age 50 to 84 years) completed testing. They were randomly assigned to an olfactory training (OT) group (N = 60) and a control group (N = 31). The study included two appointments at the Smell and Taste Clinic.MeasurementsOlfactory and cognitive function as well as subjective well‐being was tested using standardized tests.InterventionDuring the 5‐month interval between sessions, the OT group completed daily olfactory exposure. During the same time, the control group completed daily Sudoku problems.ResultsAnalyses show a significant improvement of olfactory function for participants in the OT group and improved verbal function and subjective well‐being. In addition, results indicated a decrease of depressive symptoms.ConclusionBased on the present results, OT may constitute an inexpensive, simple way to improve quality of life in older people. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Separate neural systems for behavioral change and for emotional responses to failure during behavioral inhibition
Authors: Deng Wanlu , Rolls Edmund T. , Ji Xiaoxi , Robbins Trevor W. , Banaschewski Tobias , Bokde Arun L. W. , Bromberg Uli , Buechel Christian , Desrivières Sylvane , Conrod Patricia , Flor Herta , Frouin Vincent , Gallinat Juergen , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Ittermann Bernd , Martinot Jean‐Luc , Lemaitre Herve , Nees Frauke , Papadopoulos Orfanos Dimitri , Poustka Luise , Smolka Michael N. , Walter Henrik , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTo analyze the involvement of different brain regions in behavioral inhibition and impulsiveness, differences in activation were investigated in fMRI data from a response inhibition task, the stop‐signal task, in 1709 participants. First, areas activated more in stop‐success (SS) than stop‐failure (SF) included the lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) extending into the inferior frontal gyrus (ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, BA 47/12), and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Second, the anterior cingulate and anterior insula (AI) were activated more on failure trials, specifically in SF versus SS. The interaction between brain region and SS versus SF activations was significant (P = 5.6 * 10−8). The results provide new evidence from this “big data” investigation consistent with the hypotheses that the lateral OFC is involved in the stop‐related processing that inhibits the action; that the DLPFC is involved in attentional processes that influence task performance; and that the AI and anterior cingulate are involved in emotional processes when failure occurs. The investigation thus emphasizes the role of the human lateral OFC BA 47/12 in changing behavior, and inhibiting behavior when necessary. A very similar area in BA47/12 is involved in changing behavior when an expected reward is not obtained, and has been shown to have high functional connectivity in depression. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3527–3537, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Altered eigenvector centrality is related to local resting‐state network functional connectivity in patients with longstanding type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: van Duinkerken Eelco , Schoonheim Menno M. , IJzerman Richard G. , Moll Annette C. , Landeira‐Fernandez Jesus , Klein Martin , Diamant Michaela , Snoek Frank J. , Barkhof Frederik , Wink Alle‐Meije 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionLongstanding type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is associated with microangiopathy and poorer cognition. In the brain, T1DM is related to increased functional resting‐state network (RSN) connectivity in patients without, which was decreased in patients with clinically evident microangiopathy. Subcortical structure seems affected in both patient groups. How these localized alterations affect the hierarchy of the functional network in T1DM is unknown. Eigenvector centrality mapping (ECM) and degree centrality are graph theoretical methods that allow determining the relative importance (ECM) and connectedness (degree centrality) of regions within the whole‐brain network hierarchy.MethodsTherefore, ECM and degree centrality of resting‐state functional MRI‐scans were compared between 51 patients with, 53 patients without proliferative retinopathy, and 49 controls, and associated with RSN connectivity, subcortical gray matter volume, and cognition.ResultsIn all patients versus controls, ECM and degree centrality were lower in the bilateral thalamus and the dorsal striatum, with lowest values in patients without proliferative retinopathy (PFWE < 0.05). Increased ECM in this group versus patients with proliferative retinopathy was seen in the bilateral lateral occipital cortex, and in the right cuneus and occipital fusiform gyrus versus controls (PFWE < 0.05). In all patients, ECM and degree centrality were related to altered visual, sensorimotor, and auditory and language RSN connectivity (PFWE < 0.05), but not to subcortical gray matter volume or cognition (PFDR > 0.05).ConclusionThe findings suggested reorganization of the hierarchy of the cortical connectivity network in patients without proliferative retinopathy, which is lost with disease progression. Centrality seems sensitive to capture early T1DM‐related functional connectivity alterations, but not disease progression. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3623–3636, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Response of soil detachment rate to the hydraulic parameters of concentrated flow on steep loessial slopes on the Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Xiao Hai , Liu Gang , Liu Puling , Zheng Fenli , Zhang Jiaqiong , Hu Feinan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUsing hydraulic parameters is essential for describing soil detachment and developing physically based erosion prediction models. Many hydraulic parameters have been used, but the one that performs the best for describing soil detachment on steep slopes when the lateral expansion (widening) of rills is not limited has not been identified. An indoor concentrated flow scouring experiment was performed on steep loessial slopes to investigate soil detachment rates for different flow rates and slope gradients. The experiments were conducted on a slope‐adjustable plot (5 m length, 1 m width, 0.5 m depth). Sixteen combinations of 4 flow rates (10, 15, 20, and 25 L/min) and 4 slope gradients (17.6%, 26.8%, 36.4%, and 46.6%) were investigated. The individual and combined effects of slope gradient and flow hydraulic parameters on soil detachment rate were analysed. The results indicated that soil detachment rate increased with flow rate and slope gradient. Soil detachment rate varied linearly and exponentially with flow rate and slope gradient, respectively. Multivariate, nonlinear regression analysis indicated that flow depth exerted the greatest influence on the soil detachment rate, followed by unit discharge per unit width, slope gradient, and flow rate in this study. Shear stress and stream power could efficiently describe the soil detachment rate using a power equation. However, the unit stream power and unit energy of the water‐carrying section changed linearly with soil detachment rate. Stream power was an optimal hydraulic parameter for describing soil detachment. These findings improve our understanding of concentrated flow erosion on steep loessial slopes.