bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio‐Emotional Wealth Separation and Decision‐Making Quality in Family Firm TMTs: The Moderating Role of Psychological Safety
Authors: Vandekerkhof Pieter , Steijvers Tensie , Hendriks Walter , Voordeckers Wim 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTSocio‐emotional wealth (SEW), defined as the firm's non‐financial aspects meeting the family's affective needs, has become the dominant paradigm in family firm research. Recent debate acknowledges potential SEW heterogeneity within family firms. This study considers the effect of polarizing opinions on SEW preservation among TMT members as a source of separation in the TMT. More concretely, we study the effect of SEW separation on TMT decision‐making quality, while taking into consideration behavioural integration as a team process and psychological safety as a team context. Based on a unique multiple respondent sample of 300 managers from 55 Belgian private family firms, we find that behavioural integration mediates the negative effect of SEW separation on TMT decision‐making quality. In addition, we find that the negative effect of SEW separation on behavioural integration is mitigated by psychological safety and even turns into a positive effect at high levels of psychological safety.
Renewable energy innovations and sustainability transition: How relevant are spatial spillovers?
Authors: Noseleit Florian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the societal challenge to switch to renewable energy, innovation has become an ever‐increasing critical determinant. However, while sustainability transition is a global challenge, diffusion and adoption of innovation tends to be uneven in space and unequal access may cause substantial heterogeneity in energy transition. This research analyzes how domestic and foreign innovation activities in the renewable energy sector influence energy transition over time. Empirical testing shows that a country's domestic innovation activity impacts renewable electricity generation capacity sooner than foreign technological innovations. I document that there are substantial barriers to substitute foreign technologies for domestic innovation efforts in the short run but also observe that foreign technologies have a stronger impact after some years. These findings have implications for cross‐border coordination of governmental innovation support and complementary policy instruments that aim at increasing adoption speed across borders.
Agreement between concern about autism spectrum disorder at the time of referral and diagnosis, and factors associated with agreement
Authors: Lo Bee H , Klopper Felicity , Barnes Elizabeth H , Williams Katrina 
Published: April 2017

AimThis study examined the level of agreement between referral reason and diagnostic outcome for pre‐school aged children showing developmental delays and differences. In particular, the level of agreement when there was concern about autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was investigated.MethodsClinical records for children (n = 677) assessed for developmental concerns at a multidisciplinary assessment clinic in Sydney, Australia, were examined. Referral reason and diagnostic outcome were compared. Referral sources and factors including age, developmental level and language functioning, were explored for potential association with the consistency between referral reason and diagnosis.ResultsApproximately 30% of children referred for developmental assessment with ASD concern were not diagnosed with ASD. Agreement between referral reason and diagnosis was similar regardless of referral source and child age. Of children where diagnostic outcome was discordant with referral reason, 24% had delayed language. Variability in cognitive or developmental profiles was common (64%), regardless of diagnostic outcome.ConclusionsReferral for ASD diagnostic assessments in the cases where ASD is not the primary cause for a child's difficulties increases pressure on assessment services, can delay access to ASD‐specific intervention services for children who do have ASD, and can contribute to parent anxiety unnecessarily. The current evidence that a substantial minority of children were referred for ASD diagnostic assessments when ASD was not the primary cause for the difficulties emphasises the value of adopting a developmental differences framework, focusing on dimensions of behaviour and functioning, rather than an autism‐specific service structure.
Higher disappearance rate of anti‐HBs in Taiwanese freshers neonatally vaccinated with recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine
Authors: Hsu Shu‐Hua , Chih An‐Hsuan , Lee Yi‐Chin , Huang Kuo‐Chin , Jan Chyi‐Feng 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackground & AimThe aim of this study was to compare the long‐term efficacy of infant recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine (Recombinant group) and infant plasma‐derived one (Plasma group) in Taiwanese freshers.MethodsRecruited were a total of 38 377 freshmen who underwent university entrance health examinations from 2003 to 2015. Subjects were assigned into two groups—plasma type and recombinant type, according to the national neonatal hepatitis B immunization program. The seroprevalences of hepatitis B surface antigen, antibody against hepatitis B surface antigen, and antibody against hepatitis B core antigen in each group and gender were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to compare the efficacy of two groups.ResultsThe HBsAg‐positive rates in the plasma group and recombinant group were 1.5% and 0.3% respectively. The anti‐HBs positive rates were 43.6% and 30.9%. The hepatitis B viral natural infection rates were 3.6% and 1.3%. Taking those who were born in July 1986‐April 1992 as baseline group after adjustment for gender and age at hepatitis B markers checkup time, the efficacy of recombinant group in decreasing HBsAg positive rate, and decreasing hepatitis B virus natural infection rate was 71.0% (95% C.I.: 59.0‐79.0%, P<.001) and 65.0% (95% C.I. 58.0‐71.0%, P<.001) respectively. On the contrary, the seroprevalence of anti‐HBs positive rate in recombinant group was 39.0% (95% C.I.: 36.0‐42.0%, P<.001) lower than that of plasma group. (P<.001).ConclusionHigher disappearance rate of anti‐HBs was noted in recombinant group than in plasma group when the subjects reached their youth and young adulthood in Taiwan.
Experimental determination of partitioning in the Fe‐Ni system for applications to modeling meteoritic metals
Authors: Chabot Nancy L. , Wollack E. Alex , McDonough William F. , Ash Richard D. , Saslow Sarah A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractExperimental trace element partitioning values are often used to model the chemical evolution of metallic phases in meteorites, but limited experimental data were previously available to constrain the partitioning behavior in the basic Fe‐Ni system. In this study, we conducted experiments that produced equilibrium solid metal and liquid metal phases in the Fe‐Ni system and measured the partition coefficients of 25 elements. The results are in good agreement with values modeled from IVB iron meteorites and with the limited previous experimental data. Additional experiments with low levels of S and P were also conducted to help constrain the partitioning behaviors of elements as a function of these light elements. The new experimental results were used to derive a set of parameterization values for element solid metal–liquid metal partitioning behavior in the Fe‐Ni‐S, Fe‐Ni‐P, and Fe‐Ni‐C ternary systems at 0.1 MPa. The new parameterizations require that the partitioning behaviors in the light‐element–free Fe‐Ni system are those determined experimentally by this study, in contrast to previous parameterizations that allowed this value to be determined as a best‐fit parameter. These new parameterizations, with self‐consistent values for partitioning in the endmember Fe‐Ni system, provide a valuable resource for future studies that model the chemical evolution of metallic phases in meteorites.
Glyn Humphreys: Attention, Binding, Motion‐Induced Blindness
Authors: Davies Martin 
Published: April 2017

AbstractGlyn Humphreys' research on attention and binding began from feature‐integration theory, which claims that binding together visual features, such as colour and orientation, requires spatially selective attention. Humphreys employed a more inclusive notion of binding and argued, on neuropsychological grounds, for a multi‐stage account of the overall binding process, in which binding together of form elements was followed by two stages of feature binding. Only the second stage of feature binding, a re‐entrant (top‐down) process beginning in posterior parietal cortex and returning to early visual areas, required attention. In line with his commitment to converging evidence, Humphreys considered that investigating the role of attention in motion‐induced blindness could be a route to better understanding of the cognitive role of the attention‐dependent second stage of feature binding. He suggested that this role might be to resolve ambiguity and to generate a single consistent interpretation of the perceptual input.
Noble heathens: Jón Jónsson Aðils and the problem of Iceland's pagan past
Authors: Halink Simon 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the course of the nineteenth century, traditional Christian conceptions of Europe's pre‐Christian paganisms made way for a more favourable image of the ‘noble heathen’, inspired by Romantic primitivism and the quest for national authenticity. Poets and philologists in Scandinavia turned to medieval manuscripts containing the remnants of the worldview of the Vikings (Ásatrú), and cultivated them as a repository of topoi and motifs for patriotic art. In this essay, I investigate how this positive reassessment of paganism tied into the national historiography of Iceland, and how it influenced the idea of an Icelandic ‘Golden Age’. For this purpose, the oeuvre of Jón Jónsson Aðils, Iceland's most prolific historian of the early twentieth century, will be scrutinised. This essay demonstrates how Aðils envisioned Ásatrú's role in the formation of Iceland's national character, and addresses the problem of reconciling a glorified pagan past with the nation's contemporary Christian identity. In so doing, it contributes to our understanding of the complex ways in which processes of national identity formation can affect and transform long‐held ideas on religious and spiritual matters.
Novel 3D high‐resolution manometry metrics for quantifying esophagogastric junction contractility
Authors: Lin Zhiyue , Xiao Yinglian , Li Yuwen , Pandolfino John E. , Chen Minhu , Kahrilas Peter J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe esophagogastric junction (EGJ) is a complex sphincter composed of both the crural diaphragm (CD) and lower esophageal sphincter (LES). Three dimensional high‐resolution manometry (3D‐HRM) provides a dynamic 360° representation of EGJ pressure in which the CD has a distinct pressure signature. We aimed to develop 3D‐HRM metrics to: (i) quantify the vigor of CD contractility, (ii) best eliminate the CD contribution and thereby isolate the LES component of EGJ contractility, and (iii) compare these metrics with conventional HRM metric of EGJ contractility.MethodsTwenty healthy subjects underwent 3D‐HRM studies. Two novel 3D‐HRM EGJ metrics, 3D‐DHA, and 3D‐LES pressure (3D‐LESP) were devised and calculated to best approximate the CD and LES components of the composite EGJ pressure topography. These values were then compared to conventional HRM metrics of EGJ contractility, the EGJ contractile integral (EGJ‐CI), inspiratory EGJ pressure and expiratory EGJ pressure.Key ResultsMean 3D‐DHA correlated most strongly with EGJ‐CI (r=.82, P<.001), while the 3D‐LESP correlated most strongly with inspiratory EGJ pressure (r=.91 P<.001) and expiratory EGJ pressure (r=.85, P<.001).Conclusions & inferencesWe devised novel 3D‐HRM metrics to quantify the CD (3D‐DHA) and LES (3D‐LESP) elements of EGJ contractility. Both measures correlated strongly with conventional HRM metrics of EGJ contractility. The 3D‐DHA, in particular, correlated strongly with the EGJ‐CI suggesting that both are largely determined by CD contractility. It is hoped that future studies will show these new metrics useful in quantifying elements of the antireflux barrier in mechanistically defined subsets of gastro‐esophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients.
Gastric neuromuscular histology in patients with refractory gastroparesis: Relationships to etiology, gastric emptying, and response to gastric electric stimulation
Authors: Heckert J. , Thomas R. M. , Parkman H. P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aims of this study were to describe the histology in gastroparesis, specifically to relate histopathology to etiology of gastroparesis (idiopathic and diabetic gastroparesis), gastric emptying, and clinical response to gastric electric stimulation.MethodsFull thickness gastric body sections obtained during insertion of gastric stimulator in gastroparetics were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin, Masson Trichrome and immunohistochemical stains for Neuron‐Specific Enolase and c‐Kit.Key ResultsIn all, 145 gastroparetics (71 diabetics, 71 idiopathic, 2 post‐surgical, and 1 chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction) had full thickness gastric body biopsies. A lymphocytic infiltrate was seen in the intermyenteric plexus in 22 diabetic and 23 idiopathic gastroparesis patients. Fibrosis was present in the inner circular layer in 13 diabetic and 15 idiopathics and in the outer longitudinal layer in 46 diabetic and 51 idiopathics. Diabetic gastroparesis had less ganglion cells (3.27±1.82 vs 4.81±2.81/hpf; P<.01) and less ganglia (0.90±0.44 vs 1.10±0.50/hpf; P=.01) than idiopathic gastroparesis. Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) count was slightly lower in the inner circular layer in diabetic than idiopathics (2.77±1.47 vs 3.18±1.34/hpf; P=.08). Delayed gastric emptying was associated with reduced ICCs in the myenteric plexus. Global therapeutic response to gastric electric stimulation was inversely related to ganglia/hpf (R=−.22; P=.008). In diabetics, improvements in nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain were inversely related to fibrosis.Conclusion and InferencesHistologic assessment of full thickness gastric biopsy specimens allows correlation of histopathology to the gastroparesis disease process, its etiology, gastric emptying, and response to gastric electric stimulation treatment.
FTIR Analysis of a Light‐driven Inward Proton‐pumping Rhodopsin at 77 K
Authors: Ito Shota , Sugita Shinya , Inoue Keiichi , Kandori Hideki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractParvularcula oceani xenorhodopsin (PoXeR) is a light‐driven inward proton pump that was discovered from deep ocean marine bacteria. PoXeR is categorized into the same family of Anabaena sensory rhodopsin (ASR) that functions as a photochromic sensor. In this study, we applied light‐induced difference Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to PoXeR at 77 K, and the obtained spectra were compared with those of ASR. The structure and structural changes in the primary processes of PoXeR are common to all microbial rhodopsins. The red‐shifted K formation (PoXeRK) was accompanied by retinal photoisomerization from the all‐trans to 13‐cis form resulting in a distorted structure of the retinal. The observed hydrogen out‐of‐plane (HOOP) vibrations were sensitive to H/D exchange, indicating that the chromophore distortion by retinal isomerization is located near the Schiff base region in PoXeR. The hydrogen‐bonding strength of the protonated Schiff base is similar between PoXeR and ASR, whose acceptor is presumably a water molecule. Unlike ASR, however, PoXeR contains strongly hydrogen‐bonded water (O‐D stretch at 2277 cm−1 in D2O), which is also the case for outward proton pumps. The detailed structure, structural changes upon retinal photoisomerization, as well as functional correlation in PoXeR are discussed based on the present FTIR study.
Contrasting canopy and fibrous root damage on Swingle citrumelo caused by ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ and Phytophthora nicotianae
Authors: Wu J. , Johnson E. G. , Gerberich K. M. , Bright D. B. , Graham J. H. 
Published: April 2017

Huanglongbing (HLB), associated with the phloem‐limited bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las), is devastating trees in citrus orchards of Florida. Additionally, Phytophthora nicotianae, omnipresent in citrus soils, causes root rot that reduces water and nutrient uptake by fibrous roots. To investigate fibrous root damage and replacement and canopy size in relation to infection of fibrous roots by Las and P. nicotianae, rootstock seedlings of Swingle citrumelo (Citrus paradisi × Poncirus trifoliata) were inoculated with Las or P. nicotianae in two greenhouse pot trials. Phytophthora nicotianae caused root damage within 5 weeks post‐inoculation, which led to greater reduction of canopy size than for Las‐infected seedlings by the end of the experiment. Las increased accumulation of fibrous root biomass at 5 weeks post‐root trimming (wpt) in the 2014 trial and at 11 wpt in the 2015 trial. New root length was not consistently increased by Las. Reduced total leaf area of symptomless Las‐infected seedlings compared to noninoculated controls might be due to the combined effect of altered carbohydrate allocation between shoots and roots and altered leaf morphology.
Evaluation of nursing interventions using minimally invasive assessments methods for patients in a persistent vegetative state
Authors: Sato Mitsue , Sugimoto Masahiro , Yamaguchi Kazuo , Kawaguchi Takeshi 
Published: April 2017

AimThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of nursing interventions using minimally invasive or non‐invasive methods conducive to frequent use in order to assess patients in a persistent vegetative state (PVS).MethodsWe provided three nursing interventions—sitting the patient in an upright position, footbath care, and oral care—to PVS patients (n = 11) and elderly bedridden subjects with consciousness (n = 6) for 3 weeks in addition to ordinary nursing treatments. The Kohnan Score, plasma cortisol and adrenaline levels, General Well‐Being Schedule score, and facial expression assessments were used as evaluation methods.ResultsThe Kohnan Score of PVS patients declined significantly, indicating that the interventions increased patients’ consciousness levels, but none of the other parameters showed significant change in either group. The change in Kohnan Score showed dependent trends for facial expression at baseline, cortisol change during the intervention, and the term of PVS.ConclusionsThe data suggest three indices for predicting intervention efficacy in individuals and for assessing an intervention's contribution to quality of life improvement. Among the multiple evaluation methods, Konan Scores was the most effective. Ultimately, the three nursing interventions used in this study and Konan Score led to the optimization of nursing home care and rehabilitation for PVS patients.
The spread of “big box” retail firms and spatial stratification
Authors: Stainback Kevin , Ekl Emily 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLarge “big box” retail firms, including general merchandisers (e.g., Walmart and Target) as well as “category killers” (e.g., Home Depot and Toys “R” Us), have spread rapidly across the United States over the past 4 decades. These firms have been lauded for their presumed consumer benefits linked to expansive product selections and discount prices. They have also been criticized for their perceived negative effects on locally owned businesses, jobs, and wages. We provide an overview of the existing literature and point to promising directions for the development of theory and research on this topic. We, in this article, highlight the importance of this shift in economic organization and encourage sociologists to critically examine the stratification consequences of the rise and spread of these firms.
Whiteness and culture
Authors: Withers Erik T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this article, I argue that culture is the means through which whiteness (a state of normalized white racial domination) is accomplished. The scope of this article is on racism, race, and culture in a U.S. context. Within the racialized social system of the United States, culture develops in ways that secure racial interests and maintain racial hierarchy. The aim is to give readers an overview of how the concepts of culture and race have been addressed together in past scholarship and to offer new insights on how to address these concepts moving forward. First, some of the dominant themes in which culture is addressed in the scholarship on whiteness are located. These themes are (a) whiteness and material culture, (b) whiteness as discursive and ideological, and (c) the habitus and spaces of whiteness. Second, new directions for this line of research are offered. Future research can be directed towards (a) uncovering the common “scripts” of whiteness that pervade across different cultural arenas, (b) investigating how individuals are actively negotiating these ideologies and discourses of whiteness, and (c) understanding the fluidity of whiteness. Seeing culture as the means through which whiteness operates can expose the practices and mechanisms that produce and maintain a system of racial oppression in the United States.
Silencing a phloretin‐specific glycosyltransferase perturbs both general phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and plant development
Authors: Dare Andrew P. , Yauk Yar‐Khing , Tomes Sumathi , McGhie Tony K. , Rebstock Ria S. , Cooney Janine M. , Atkinson Ross G. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe polyphenol profile of apple (Malus × domestica) is dominated by the dihydrochalcone glycoside phloridzin, but its physiological role is yet to be elucidated. Biosynthesis of phloridzin occurs as a side branch of the main phenylpropanoid pathway, with the final step mediated by the phloretin‐specific glycosyltransferase UGT88F1. Unexpectedly, given that UGTs are sometimes viewed as ‘decorating enzymes’, UGT88F1 knockdown lines were severely dwarfed, with greatly reduced internode lengths, narrow lanceolate leaves, and changes in leaf and fruit cellular morphology. These changes suggested that auxin transport had been altered in the knockdown lines, which was confirmed in assays showing that auxin flux from the shoot apex was increased in the transgenic lines. Metabolite analysis revealed no accumulation of the phloretin aglycone, as well as decreases in many non‐target phenylpropanoid compounds. This decreased accumulation of metabolites appeared to be mediated by the repression of the phenylpropanoid pathway via a reduction in key transcript levels (e.g. phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL) and enzyme activities (PAL and chalcone synthase). Application of exogenous phloridzin to the UGT88F1 knockdown lines in tissue culture enhanced axial leaf growth and partially restored some aspects of ‘normal’ apple leaf growth. Together, our results strongly implicate dihydrochalcones as critical compounds in modulating phenylpropanoid pathway flux and establishing auxin patterning early in apple development.