bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older Adult Spouses with Multiple Chronic Conditions: Challenges, Rewards, and Coping Strategies
Authors: Peacock Shelley , Sethi Bharati , Williams Allison , Duggleby Wendy , Bayly Melanie , Swindle Jenny , Ploeg Jenny , Markle-Reid Maureen 
Published: March 2017

RÉSUMÉUn manque de recherche explore comment les conjoints des personnes âgées avec de multiples affections chroniques confèrent un sense à leur expérience de la prestation de soins. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous avons posé la question suivante: Quelle est l’expérience des aidants naturels pour les personnes atteintes de maladies chroniques multiples? Nous avons appliqué l’approche descriptive interprétative de Thorne, en interviewant 18 conjoints qui ont fourni une riche description de leurs expériences de soins; les entrevues ont été transcrites textuellement et analysées thématiquement. Les thèmes ont été catégorisés en fonction des difficultés rencontrées, des récompenses obtenues et des stratégies de soutien employées par les participants à la prestation de soins pour les conjoints souffrant de maladies chroniques multiples. Les résultats uniques portent sur les défis inhérents à la prise de décision dans le contexte de maladies chroniques multiples. Cet article commence à combler l’écart dans la littérature sur l’expérience des soins dans le contexte de multiples maladies chroniques.
Functional cis-regulatory modules encoded by mouse-specific endogenous retrovirus
Authors: Sundaram Vasavi , Choudhary Mayank N. K. , Pehrsson Erica , Xing Xiaoyun , Fiore Christopher , Pandey Manishi , Maricque Brett , Udawatta Methma , Ngo Duc , Chen Yujie , Paguntalan Asia , Ray Tammy , Hughes Ava , Cohen Barak A. , Wang Ting 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCis-regulatory modules contain multiple transcription factor (TF)-binding sites and integrate the effects of each TF to control gene expression in specific cellular contexts. Transposable elements (TEs) are uniquely equipped to deposit their regulatory sequences across a genome, which could also containcis-regulatory modules that coordinate the control of multiple genes with the same regulatory logic. We provide the first evidence of mouse-specific TEs that encode a module of TF-binding sites in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The majority (77%) of the individual TEs tested exhibited enhancer activity in mouse ESCs. By mutating individual TF-binding sites within the TE, we identified a module of TF-binding motifs that cooperatively enhanced gene expression. Interestingly, we also observed the same motif module in thein silicoconstructed ancestral TE that also acted cooperatively to enhance gene expression. Our results suggest that ancestral TE insertions might have brought incis-regulatory modules into the mouse genome.
A microfluidic culture model of the human reproductive tract and 28-day menstrual cycle
Authors: Xiao Shuo , Coppeta Jonathan R. , Rogers Hunter B. , Isenberg Brett C. , Zhu Jie , Olalekan Susan A. , McKinnon Kelly E. , Dokic Danijela , Rashedi Alexandra S. , Haisenleder Daniel J. , Malpani Saurabh S. , Arnold-Murray Chanel A. , Chen Kuanwei , Jiang Mingyang , Bai Lu , Nguyen Catherine T. , Zhang Jiyang , Laronda Monica M. , Hope Thomas J. , Maniar Kruti P. , Pavone Mary Ellen , Avram Michael J. , Sefton Elizabeth C. , Getsios Spiro , Burdette Joanna E. , Kim J. Julie , Borenstein Jeffrey T. , Woodruff Teresa K. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe endocrine system dynamically controls tissue differentiation and homeostasis, but has not been studied using dynamic tissue culture paradigms. Here we show that a microfluidic system supports murine ovarian follicles to produce the human 28-day menstrual cycle hormone profile, which controls human female reproductive tract and peripheral tissue dynamics in single, dual and multiple unit microfluidic platforms (Solo-MFP, Duet-MFP and Quintet-MPF, respectively). These systems simulate the in vivo female reproductive tract and the endocrine loops between organ modules for the ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, cervix and liver, with a sustained circulating flow between all tissues. The reproductive tract tissues and peripheral organs integrated into a microfluidic platform, termed EVATAR, represents a powerful new in vitro tool that allows organ–organ integration of hormonal signalling as a phenocopy of menstrual cycle and pregnancy-like endocrine loops and has great potential to be used in drug discovery and toxicology studies.
Depleting Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the transcription termination factor Rho causes pervasive transcription and rapid death
Authors: Botella Laure , Vaubourgeix Julien , Livny Jonathan , Schnappinger Dirk 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRifampicin, which inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase, provides one of the most effective treatments for tuberculosis. Inhibition of the transcription termination factor Rho is used to treat some bacterial infections, but its importance varies across bacteria. Here we show that Rho ofMycobacterium tuberculosisfunctions to both define the 3′ ends of mRNAs and silence substantial fragments of the genome. Brief inactivation of Rho affects over 500 transcripts enriched for genes of foreign DNA elements and bacterial virulence factors. Prolonged inactivation of Rho causes extensive pervasive transcription, a genome-wide increase in antisense transcripts, and a rapid loss of viability of replicating and non-replicatingM. tuberculosis in vitroand during acute and chronic infection in mice. Collectively, these data suggest that inhibition of Rho may provide an alternative strategy to treat tuberculosis with an efficacy similar to inhibition of RNA polymerase.
Endocannabinoid signalling modulates susceptibility to traumatic stress exposure
Authors: Bluett Rebecca J. , Báldi Rita , Haymer Andre , Gaulden Andrew D. , Hartley Nolan D. , Parrish Walker P. , Baechle Jordan , Marcus David J. , Mardam-Bey Ramzi , Shonesy Brian C. , Uddin Md. Jashim , Marnett Lawrence J. , Mackie Ken , Colbran Roger J. , Winder Danny G. , Patel Sachin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractStress is a ubiquitous risk factor for the exacerbation and development of affective disorders including major depression and posttraumatic stress disorder. Understanding the neurobiological mechanisms conferring resilience to the adverse consequences of stress could have broad implications for the treatment and prevention of mood and anxiety disorders. We utilize laboratory mice and their innate inter-individual differences in stress-susceptibility to demonstrate a critical role for the endogenous cannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in stress-resilience. Specifically, systemic 2-AG augmentation is associated with a stress-resilient phenotype and enhances resilience in previously susceptible mice, while systemic 2-AG depletion or CB1 receptor blockade increases susceptibility in previously resilient mice. Moreover, stress-resilience is associated with increased phasic 2-AG-mediated synaptic suppression at ventral hippocampal-amygdala glutamatergic synapses and amygdala-specific 2-AG depletion impairs successful adaptation to repeated stress. These data indicate amygdala 2-AG signalling mechanisms promote resilience to adverse effects of acute traumatic stress and facilitate adaptation to repeated stress exposure.
Inhibiting the system xC−/glutathione axis selectively targets cancers with mutant-p53 accumulation
Authors: Liu David S. , Duong Cuong P. , Haupt Sue , Montgomery Karen G. , House Colin M. , Azar Walid J. , Pearson Helen B. , Fisher Oliver M. , Read Matthew , Guerra Glen R. , Haupt Ygal , Cullinane Carleen , Wiman Klas G. , Abrahmsen Lars , Phillips Wayne A. , Clemons Nicholas J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTP53, a critical tumour suppressor gene, is mutated in over half of all cancers resulting in mutant-p53 protein accumulation and poor patient survival. Therapeutic strategies to target mutant-p53 cancers are urgently needed. We show that accumulated mutant-p53 protein suppresses the expression of SLC7A11, a component of the cystine/glutamate antiporter, system xC−, through binding to the master antioxidant transcription factor NRF2. This diminishes glutathione synthesis, rendering mutant-p53 tumours susceptible to oxidative damage. System xC− inhibitors specifically exploit this vulnerability to preferentially kill cancer cells with stabilized mutant-p53 protein. Moreover, we demonstrate that SLC7A11 expression is a novel and robust predictive biomarker for APR-246, a first-in-class mutant-p53 reactivator that also binds and depletes glutathione in tumours, triggering lipid peroxidative cell death. Importantly, system xC− antagonism strongly synergizes with APR-246 to induce apoptosis in mutant-p53 tumours. We propose a new paradigm for targeting cancers that accumulate mutant-p53 protein by inhibiting the SLC7A11–glutathione axis.
Plasmonic hot electron transport drives nano-localized chemistry
Authors: Cortés Emiliano , Xie Wei , Cambiasso Javier , Jermyn Adam S. , Sundararaman Ravishankar , Narang Prineha , Schlücker Sebastian , Maier Stefan A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNanoscale localization of electromagnetic fields near metallic nanostructures underpins the fundamentals and applications of plasmonics. The unavoidable energy loss from plasmon decay, initially seen as a detriment, has now expanded the scope of plasmonic applications to exploit the generated hot carriers. However, quantitative understanding of the spatial localization of these hot carriers, akin to electromagnetic near-field maps, has been elusive. Here we spatially map hot-electron-driven reduction chemistry with 15 nm resolution as a function of time and electromagnetic field polarization for different plasmonic nanostructures. We combine experiments employing a six-electron photo-recycling process that modify the terminal group of a self-assembled monolayer on plasmonic silver nanoantennas, with theoretical predictions from first-principles calculations of non-equilibrium hot-carrier transport in these systems. The resulting localization of reactive regions, determined by hot-carrier transport from high-field regions, paves the way for improving efficiency in hot-carrier extraction science and nanoscale regio-selective surface chemistry.
A Pseudomonas T6SS effector recruits PQS-containing outer membrane vesicles for iron acquisition
Authors: Lin Jinshui , Zhang Weipeng , Cheng Juanli , Yang Xu , Zhu Kaixiang , Wang Yao , Wei Gehong , Qian Pei-Yuan , Luo Zhao-Qing , Shen Xihui 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIron sequestration by host proteins contributes to the defence against bacterial pathogens, which need iron for their metabolism and virulence. A Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutant lacking all three known iron acquisition systems retains the ability to grow in media containing iron chelators, suggesting the presence of additional pathways involved in iron uptake. Here we screen P. aeruginosa mutants defective in growth in iron-depleted media and find that gene PA2374, proximal to the type VI secretion system H3 (H3-T6SS), functions synergistically with known iron acquisition systems. PA2374 (which we have renamed TseF) appears to be secreted by H3-T6SS and is incorporated into outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) by directly interacting with the iron-binding Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS), a cell–cell signalling compound. TseF facilitates the delivery of OMV-associated iron to bacterial cells by engaging the Fe(III)-pyochelin receptor FptA and the porin OprF. Our results reveal links between type VI secretion, cell–cell signalling and classic siderophore receptors for iron acquisition in P. aeruginosa.
Chromatin marks shape mutation landscape at early stage of cancer progression
Authors: Ha Kyungsik , Kim Hong-Gee , Lee Hwajin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSomatic mutation rates in cancer differ across the genome in a cancer cell-type specific manner. Although key factors that contribute to the differences were identified, the major cancer progression stage when these factors associate with the mutation variance remained poorly investigated. Here, we analyzed whole-genome sequencing data of pre-cancerous and matching cancer tissues from 173 individuals and 423 normal tissue chromatin features to determine the critical stage of these features contributing to shaping the somatic mutation landscape. Our data showed that the establishment of somatic mutation landscape inferred by chromatin features occur early in the process of cancer progression, and gastric acid reflux environmental exposure-mediated epigenetic changes, represented as gastric metaplasia, at early stage can dramatically impact the somatic mutation landscape. We suggest a possible crucial role of chromatin features during the mutation landscape establishment at early stage of progression in a cancer-type specific manner.
Atmospheric Pressure Pulsed Plasma Induces Cell Death in Photosynthetic Organs via Intracellularly Generated ROS
Authors: Seol You-bin , Kim Jaewook , Park Se-hong , Young Chang Hong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe toxicity of atmospheric-pressure pulsed plasma on plant leaf tissues is studied. A nanosecond-pulsed plasma jet is applied to Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. In case of cotyledon, cell death is induced by treatment of only a few seconds. Cell death is also induced in the adult leaf by only 5 seconds of plasma treatment. Plasma induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation across the tissues within plasma-treated area. Plasma also induced direct physical damage to epidermis tissue of treated area but merely no damage to mesophyll. Thus, we propose direct physical damage in epidermis and ROS accumulation across the treated area induced cell death by plasma treatment. Plasma treatment with same duration in different organ also induced ROS accumulation but not plant death, suggests damage on photosynthetic organ by oxidative stress might be direct reason to induce cell death. We could also observe similar plasma induced death inSolanum esculentum,Petunia axillaris, andNicotiana benthamianabut death is induced only in treated area. Thus, we propose atmospheric plasma induce oxidative stress in photosynthetic organ to induce cell death in plants.
Polyfunctional natural killer cells with a low activation profile in response to Toll-like receptor 3 activation in HIV-1-exposed seronegative subjects
Authors: Lima Josenilson F. , Oliveira Luanda M. S. , Pereira Nátalli Z. , Duarte Alberto J. S. , Sato Maria N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are the main mediator of the cytotoxic response in innate immunity and may be involved in resistance to HIV-1 infection in exposed seronegative (ESN) individuals. Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling is crucial for NK cell activation. Here, we investigated the polyfunctional NK cell response to TLR3 activation in serodiscordant couples. ESN subjects showed increased IFN-γ and CD107a expression in both NK subsets, CD56bright and CD56dim cells, in response to stimulation with a TLR3 agonist, while expression was impaired in the HIV-1-infected partners. TLR3-induced expression of IFN-γ, TNF and CD107a by polyfunctional CD56bright NK cells was more pronounced in ESN individuals than that in healthy controls. Activated NK cells, as determined by CD38 expression, were increased only in the HIV-1-infected partners, with reduced IFN-γ and CD107a expression. Moreover, CD38+ NK cells of the HIV-1-infected partners were associated with increased expression of inhibitory molecules, such as NKG2A, PD-1 and Tim-3, while NK cells from ESN subjects showed decreased NKG2A expression. Altogether, these findings indicate that NK cells of ESN individuals were highly responsive to TLR3 activation and had a polyfunctional NK cell phenotype, while the impaired TLR3 response in HIV-1-infected partners was associated with an inhibitory/exhaustion NK cell phenotype.
The role of three-dimensional printed models of skull in anatomy education: a randomized controlled trail
Authors: Chen Shi , Pan Zhouxian , Wu Yanyan , Gu Zhaoqi , Li Man , Liang Ze , Zhu Huijuan , Yao Yong , Shui Wuyang , Shen Zhen , Zhao Jun , Pan Hui 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThree-dimensional (3D) printed models represent educational tools of high quality compared with traditional teaching aids. Colored skull models were produced by 3D printing technology. A randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to compare the learning efficiency of 3D printed skulls with that of cadaveric skulls and atlas. Seventy-nine medical students, who never studied anatomy, were randomized into three groups by drawing lots, using 3D printed skulls, cadaveric skulls, and atlas, respectively, to study the anatomical structures in skull through an introductory lecture and small group discussions. All students completed identical tests, which composed of a theory test and a lab test, before and after a lecture. Pre-test scores showed no differences between the three groups. In post-test, the 3D group was better than the other two groups in total score (cadaver: 29.5 [IQR: 25–33], 3D: 31.5 [IQR: 29–36], atlas: 27.75 [IQR: 24.125–32]; p = 0.044) and scores of lab test (cadaver: 14 [IQR: 10.5–18], 3D: 16.5 [IQR: 14.375–21.625], atlas: 14.5 [IQR: 10–18.125]; p = 0.049). Scores involving theory test, however, showed no difference between the three groups. In this RCT, an inexpensive, precise and rapidly-produced skull model had advantages in assisting anatomy study, especially in structure recognition, compared with traditional education materials.
X-ray induced electrostatic graphene doping via defect charging in gate dielectric
Authors: Procházka Pavel , Mareček David , Lišková Zuzana , Čechal Jan , Šikola Tomáš 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGraphene field effect transistors are becoming an integral part of advanced devices. Hence, the advanced strategies for both characterization and tuning of graphene properties are required. Here we show that the X-ray irradiation at the zero applied gate voltage causes very strong negative doping of graphene, which is explained by X-ray radiation induced charging of defects in the gate dielectric. The induced charge can be neutralized and compensated if the graphene device is irradiated by X-rays at a negative gate voltage. Here the charge neutrality point shifts back to zero voltage. The observed phenomenon has strong implications for interpretation of X-ray based measurements of graphene devices as it renders them to significantly altered state. Our results also form a basis for remote X-ray tuning of graphene transport properties and X-ray sensors comprising the graphene/oxide interface as an active layer.
The native state of prion protein (PrP) directly inhibits formation of PrP-amyloid fibrils in vitro
Authors: Honda Ryo P. , Kuwata Kazuo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe conversion of globular proteins into amyloid fibrils is associated with a wide variety of human diseases. One example is the prion protein (PrP), which adopts an α-helical structure in the native state but its amyloid form is implicated in the pathogenesis of prion diseases. Previous evidence has suggested that destabilization of the native state promotes amyloid formation, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we report that the native state of PrP serves as a potent inhibitor in the formation of PrP amyloid fibrils. By monitoring the time courses of thioflavin T fluorescence, the kinetics of amyloid formation was studiedin vitrounder various concentrations of pre-formed amyloid, monomer, and denaturant. Quantitative analysis of the kinetic data using various models of enzyme kinetics suggested that the native state of PrP is either an uncompetitive or noncompetitive inhibitor of amyloid formation. This study highlights the significant role of the native state in inhibiting amyloid formation, which provides new insights into the pathogenesis of misfolding diseases.
SERS detection of the biomarker hydrogen cyanide from Pseudomonas aeruginosa cultures isolated from cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Lauridsen Rikke Kragh , Sommer Lea M. , Johansen Helle Krogh , Rindzevicius Tomas , Molin Søren , Jelsbak Lars , Engelsen Søren Balling , Boisen Anja 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is the primary cause of chronic airway infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Persistent infections are seen from the first P. aeruginosa culture in about 75% of young CF patients, and it is important to discover new ways to detect P. aeruginosa at an earlier stage. The P. aeruginosa biomarker hydrogen cyanide (HCN) contains a triple bond, which is utilized in this study because of the resulting characteristic C≡N peak at 2135 cm−1 in a Raman spectrum. The Raman signal was enhanced by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) on a Au-coated SERS substrate. After long-term infection, a mutation in the patho-adaptive lasR gene can alter the expression of HCN, which is why it is sometimes not possible to detect HCN in the breath of chronically infected patients. Four P. aeruginosa reference strains and 12 clinical P. aeruginosa strains isolated from CF children were evaluated, and HCN was clearly detected from overnight cultures of all wild type-like isolates and half of the later isolates from the same patients. The clinical impact could be that P. aeruginosa infections could be detected at an earlier stage, because daily breath sampling with an immediate output could be possible with a point-of-care SERS device.
Milk Fat Globule Membrane Supplementation in Formula Modulates the Neonatal Gut Microbiome and Normalizes Intestinal Development
Authors: Bhinder Ganive , Allaire Joannie M. , Garcia Cyrielle , Lau Jennifer T. , Chan Justin M. , Ryz Natasha R. , Bosman Else S. , Graef Franziska A. , Crowley Shauna M. , Celiberto Larissa S. , Berkmann Julia C. , Dyer Roger A. , Jacobson Kevan , Surette Michael G. , Innis Sheila M. , Vallance Bruce A. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBreast milk has many beneficial properties and unusual characteristics including a unique fat component, termed milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). While breast milk yields important developmental benefits, there are situations where it is unavailable resulting in a need for formula feeding. Most formulas do not contain MFGM, but derive their lipids from vegetable sources, which differ greatly in size and composition. Here we tested the effects of MFGM supplementation on intestinal development and the microbiome as well as its potential to protect against Clostridium difficile induced colitis. The pup-in-a-cup model was used to deliver either control or MFGM supplemented formula to rats from 5 to 15 days of age; with mother’s milk (MM) reared animals used as controls. While CTL formula yielded significant deficits in intestinal development as compared to MM littermates, addition of MFGM to formula restored intestinal growth, Paneth and goblet cell numbers, and tight junction protein patterns to that of MM pups. Moreover, the gut microbiota of MFGM and MM pups displayed greater similarities than CTL, and proved protective against C. difficile toxin induced inflammation. Our study thus demonstrates that addition of MFGM to formula promotes development of the intestinal epithelium and microbiome and protects against inflammation.