bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Capicua maintains anterior-posterior axis inBlattella germanicaovaries
Authors: Elshaer Nashwa , Escudero Jorge , Piulachs Maria-Dolors 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe establishment of the symmetry axis is crucial for the development of all organisms. In insects, this process begins early in oogenesis with the correct distribution of the mRNAs and proteins in the oocyte. One of the proteins that contribute to organizing this distribution is Capicua (Cic). Cic has been studied inDrosophila melanogasteroogenesis and embryo development, it is maternally expressed and is required to establish the dorso-ventral axis, acting as a repressor transcription factor. Although the sequence of Cic is conserved across species, its function in other types of insect ovaries is still unknown. We wondered whether the function of Cic in insects has been maintained through evolution despite the ovary type or if it has been modified in parallel to the ovary evolution. To address this, we studied the Cic function in a phylogenetically basal insect, the cockroachBlattella germanica, a species with panoistic ovaries. The Cic sequence ofB. germanicashares 80% identity withD. melanogasterCic. Our findings indicate that Cic is essential for oocyte development as it is involved in establishing the anterior- posterior axis.
Efficient mutagenesis of maize inbreds using biolistics, multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 editing, and Indel-Selective PCR
Authors: Rai Maruti Nandan , Rhodes Brian , Jinga Stephen , Kanchupati Praveena , Ross Edward , Carlson Shawn R. , Moose Stephen P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 based genome editing has advanced our understanding of a myriad of important biological phenomena. Important challenges to multiplex genome editing in maize include assembly of large complex DNA constructs, few genotypes with efficient transformation systems, and costly/labor-intensive genotyping methods. Here we present a ‘fast-edit’ approach for multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system that delivers a single compact DNA constructviabiolistics to type I embryogenic calli, followed by a novel efficient genotyping assay to identify desirable editing outcomes. We first demonstrate the creation of heritable mutations at multiple target sites within the same gene. Next, we successfully created individual and stacked mutations for multiple members of a gene family. Genome sequencing found off-target mutations are rare. Multiplex genome editing was achieved for both the highly transformable inbred line H99 and Illinois Low Protein1 (ILP1), a genotype where transformation has not previously been reported. In addition to screening transformation events for deletion alleles by PCR, we also designed PCR assays that selectively amplify deletion or insertion of a single nucleotide, the most common outcome from DNA repair of CRISPR/Cas9 breaks by non-homologous end-joining. The Indel- Selective PCR (IS-PCR) method enabled rapid tracking of multiple edited alleles in progeny populations. The ‘end to end’ pipeline presented here for multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis can be applied to accelerate maize functional genomics in a broader diversity of genetic backgrounds.
Autophagy is dispensable in germline stem cells but is required in the cap cells for their maintenance in the Drosophila ovarian niche
Authors: Nilangekar Kiran Suhas , Shravage Bhupendra V. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAutophagy is a cytoprotective mechanism responsible for the maintenance and long-term survival of various cell types, including stem cells. However, its role in the Germline stem cell (GSC)-niche, including its effects on GSCs and niche cells, remains unexplored. We demonstrate that autophagy flux in female Drosophila GSCs is low and dependent on the core autophagy gene,Atg5. However, the maintenance ofAtg5-/-GSCs within the GSC-niche was unaffected. In contrast, disruption of autophagy within the cap cells (niche cells) leads to the loss of both cap cells and GSCs during aging. Further, reduced autophagy in cap cells severely impairs the crucial GSC self-renewal signal mediated by BMP-pMad emanating from the cap cells post-midlife. Autophagy was essential for the long-term survival of cap cells. Our study reveals a differential role for autophagy, which is dispensable in GSCs but necessary in niche cells, where it supports signaling and survival to maintain GSCs.
Structural analyses of apolipoprotein A-IV polymorphisms Q360H and T347S elucidate the inhibitory effect against thrombosis
Authors: Shoara Aron A. , Slavkovic Sladjana , Neves Miguel A. D. , Bhoria Preeti , Prifti Viktor , Chen Pingguo , Donaldson Logan W. , Beckett Andrew N. , Johnson Philip E. , Ni Heyu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractApolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) is an abundant lipid-binding protein in blood plasma. We previously reported that apoA-IV, as an endogenous inhibitor, competitively binds platelet αIIbβ3 integrin from its N-terminal residues, reducing the potential risk of thrombosis. This study aims to investigate how the apoA-IVQ360Hand apoA-IVT347Smutations affect the structure and function of apoA-IV. These mutations are linked to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases due to multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the C-terminal region of apoA-IV. We postulate the structural hindrance caused by the C-terminal motifs may impede the binding of apoA-IV to platelets at its N-terminal binding site. However, the mechanistic impact of Q360H and T347S polymorphisms on this intermolecular interaction and their potential contribution to the development of cardiovascular disease have not been adequately investigated. To address this, recombinant forms of human apoA-IVWT, apoA-IVQ360H, apoA-IVT347Svariants were produced, and the structural stability, dimerization, and molecular dynamics of the C-terminus were examined utilizing biophysical techniques including fluorescence anisotropy, fluorescence spectrophotometry, circular dichroism, and biolayer interferometry methods. Our results showed a deceased fraction of α-helix structure in apoA-IVQ360Hand apoA-IVT347Scompared to the wildtype, and the inhibitory effect of dimerized apoA-IV on platelet aggregation was reduced in apoA- IVQ360Hand apoA-IVT347Svariants. Binding kinetics of examined apoA-IV polymorphisms to platelet αIIbβ3 suggest a potential mechanism for increased risk of cardiovascular diseases in individuals with apoA-IVQ360Hand apoA-IVT347Spolymorphisms.
The nascent RNA labelling compound 5-ethynyl uridine (EU) integrates into DNA in the sea anemoneNematostella vectensis
Authors: Kjosavik Malin A. , Garschall Kathrin , Steinmetz Patrick R. H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe detection ofde novosynthesized mRNA transcripts is crucial for understanding the regulation of eukaryotic transcription. Using nucleoside or nucleotide analogues to label nascent RNA is complicated by the ubiquitous presence of ribonucleotide reductase enzymes (RNRs) that convert ribonucleotides into 2’-deoxyribonucleotides, the building blocks of DNA. Despite this challenge, the uridine analogue 5-ethynyl uridine (EU) has been commercialized and routinely used as specific label for nascent RNAs. Here, we employ confocal imaging, flow cytometry and biochemistry methods to demonstrate that EU integrates into RNA and at considerable levels into DNA in the sea anemoneNematostella vectensis. We show that inhibiting RNR by hydroxyurea abolishes cell proliferation and the incorporation of EU into DNA. Alternative compounds for labelling nascent RNA, such as 5-ethynyl cytidine (EC), 5-ethynyl uridine triphosphate (EUTP) or 2-ethynyl adenosine (EA) show similarly low specificity for integrating into RNA. Our findings indicate that ethynylated nucleosides and nucleotides, including EU, do not specifically integrate into RNA inNematostella, rendering them unsuitable for visualising nascent RNAs. Based on our results and a critical review of the literature, we suggest good practice guidelines for using EU as an RNA labelling tool and discuss pitfalls and indicators that hint at unintended DNA labelling.Summary statementA cautionary tale about the integration of the RNA labelling compound EU (5-ethynyl uridine) into DNA in a sea anemone.
Contributions of Lesson Study to the reconstruction of teachers' practical knowledge within a virtual setting context. Case study at Universidad Nacional de Educación (Ecuador)
Authors: Sumba Arévalo Víctor Miguel , Pérez Morales Patricia , Sgreccia Natalia Fátima , Soto Gómez Encarnación 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis article examines the training of nine practising teachers and the development of their practical thinking through Lesson Study (LS) at Universidad Nacional de Educación (UNAE). The study therefore aims to describe and understand how this group of teachers might reconstruct their practical knowledge while engaging in the LS experience in a virtual setting.Design/methodology/approachA case study was conducted with (virtual) field immersion, qualitatively collecting and analysing data through observations, interviews, a focus group and written outputs.FindingsReconstructions and reinforcements were evident in each of the five dimensions of practical thinking (Soto et al., 2019; Pérez-Gómez, 2022) and in certain knowledge and values, in addition to various skills, attitudes and emotions. The main findings of the study relate to the importance of planning to avoid improvisation, viewing the teaching methodology as a flexible process, developing student autonomy, understanding and managing technological and digital tools and being prepared for uncertain situations.Originality/valueIt is understood that Lesson Study is a strategy that strengthens and enhances understanding of teachers’ knowledge, even in the virtual context and should therefore be considered for the ongoing professional development of teachers in Ecuador.
Key drivers of organisational effectiveness in churches: a qualitative study of pastors’ and leaders’ perspectives in Accra, Ghana
Authors: Nyako Jnr Abraham , Mahapatra Ramakrushna 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This study aims to identify key drivers contributing to the holistic organisational effectiveness (OE) of Orthodox/Protestant and Charismatic/Pentecostal churches in Accra, Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
This qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews with 20 church leaders from 20 churches: 12 Charismatic/Pentecostal churches and 8 from Orthodox/Protestant churches. A thematic analysis uncovered primary themes and sub-themes influencing Church OE.

Findings
Four primary drivers were identified – financial, operational, structural and attitudinal/behavioural factors – each with distinct sub-dimensions. Together, these elements provide a nuanced view of OE in churches, revealing practical strategies for enhancing management and operational efficiency. These drivers collectively offer a comprehensive framework, enabling church leaders to target and strengthen key areas, promoting better performance and sustainability.

Originality/value
This study contributes empirical evidence supporting the multidimensional nature of OE theory within a church context. It illustrates how these factors collectively enhance operational efficiency, offering church-specific insights and practical tools for church leaders.
Responsible leadership and cyberloafing: the mediating role of felt obligation and the moderating role of organisational identification
Authors: Koay Kian Yeik 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This study aims to advance the understanding of the relationship between responsible leadership and cyberloafing (defined as employees’ non-work-related online activities during work hours) through the mediating effect of felt obligation by drawing on the social identity theory of leadership. Also, organisational identification is also examined as the moderator of the relationship between felt obligation and cyberloafing.

Design/methodology/approach
Using a survey research design, 261 full-time employees were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk to examine the direct, indirect and interaction effects. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to analyse the data.

Findings
The results demonstrate that responsible leadership does not affect cyberloafing. However, responsible leadership positively affects felt obligation and felt obligation negatively affects cyberloafing. In addition, it is found that felt obligation mediates the relationship between responsible leadership and cyberloafing. Furthermore, organisational identification moderates the relationship between felt obligation and cyberloafing.

Originality/value
This study explores the mechanism through which responsible leadership leads to cyberloafing through felt obligation. Apart from that, organisational identification plays a crucial moderating variable in the relationship between felt obligation and cyberloafing.
A case study of an ESOP-owned holding company: lessons learned and suggested research topics
Authors: Goldstein Daniel 
Published: October 2024

PurposeThis case study presents an ESOP-owned holding company, Folience, describing the company’s history and holding company structure and strategy. The purpose is to highlight several advantages of the ESOP-owned holding company and concludes with lessons learned and suggestions for research.Design/methodology/approachThe case study design is descriptive and relies on proprietary knowledge and observation, along with access to documents, discussions, meetings and other primary resources and interactions.FindingsThe case study highlights several advantages of the ESOP-owned holding company structure: diversification, greater access to capital, transformation of culture, sustainability and the path to convert businesses to employee ownership. It draws lessons from observations and concludes with suggestions for additional research.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a single holding company case study, heavily reliant on participant observation by the author.Practical implicationsThis case study describes an innovative ESOP holding company whose design may be replicable.Social implicationsThe social impact is that ESOP-owned holding companies are shown to be a path for transitioning companies to being employee-owned and creating economic and cultural gains in doing so. The literature suggests that creating more employee-owned companies, and more employee owners, could have positive social and financial benefits for employees, their families and their communities.Originality/valueThis case study describes an innovative ESOP holding company whose design may be replicable. The social impact is that ESOP-owned holding companies are shown to be a path for transitioning companies to being employee-owned and creating economic and cultural gains in doing so. The literature suggests that creating more employee-owned companies, and more employee owners, could have positive social and financial benefits for employees, their families and their communities. There has been little or no focus, by case study or research, specific to the differentiation of and advantages of ESOP-owned holding companies.
An alloy-agnostic machine learning framework for process mapping in laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Wilkinson Toby , Casata Massimiliano , Barba Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This study aims to introduce an image-based method to determine the processing window for a given alloy system using laser powder bed fusion equipment based on achieving the desired melting mode across multiple materials for powder-free specimens. The method uses a convolutional neural network trained to classify different track morphologies across different alloy systems to select appropriate printing settings. This method is intended for the development of new alloy systems, where the powder feedstock may be unavailable, or prohibitively expensive to manufacture.

Design/methodology/approach
A convolutional neural network is designed from scratch to identify the 4 key melting modes that are observed in laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing across different alloy systems. To increase the prediction accuracy and generalisation accuracy across different materials, the network is trained using a novel hybrid data set that combines fully unsupervised learning with semi-supervised learning.

Findings
This study demonstrates that our convolutional network with a novel hybrid training approach can be generalised across different materials, and k-fold validation shows that the model retains good accuracy with changing training conditions. The model can predict the processing maps for the different alloys with an accuracy of up to 96% in some cases. It is also shown that powder-free single-track experiments are a useful indicator for predicting the final print quality of a component.

Originality/value
The “invariant information clustering” (IIC) approach is applied to process optimisation for additive manufacturing, and a novel hybrid data set construction approach that accounts for uncertainty in the ground truth data, enables the trained convolutional model to perform across a range of different materials and most importantly, generalise to materials outside of the training data set. Compared to the traditional cross-sectioning approach, this method considers the whole length of the single track when determining the melting mode.
Current insights into yeast application for reduction of patulin contamination in foods: A comprehensive review
Authors: Jiang Yiwei , Wu Yalan , Zheng Xiaodong , Yu Ting , Yan Fujie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPatulin, a fungal secondary metabolite with multiple toxicities, is widely existed in a variety of fruits and their products. This not only causes significant economic losses to the agricultural and food industries but also poses a serious threat to human health. Conventional techniques mainly involved physical and chemical methods present several challenges include incomplete patulin degradation, high technical cost, and fruit quality decline. In comparison, removal of mycotoxin through biodegradation is regarded as a greener and safer strategy which has become popular research. Among them, yeast has a unique advantage in detoxification effect and application, which has attracted our attention. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive account of the yeast species that can degrade patulin, degradation mechanism, current application status, and future challenges. Yeasts can efficiently convert patulin into nontoxic or low‐toxic substances through biodegradation. Alternatively, it can use physical adsorption, which has the advantages of safety, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, due to the inherent complexity of the production environment, the sole utilization of yeast as a control agent remains inherently unstable and challenging to implement on a large scale in a practical manner. Integration control, enhancement of yeast resilience, improvement of yeast cell wall adsorption capacity, and research on additional patulin‐degrading enzymes will facilitate the practical application of this approach. Furthermore, we analyzed the feasibility of the yeast commercial application in patulin reduction and provided suggestions on how to enhance its commercial value, which is of great significance for the control of mycotoxins in food products.
Rethinking the classification of non‐digestible carbohydrates: Perspectives from the gut microbiome
Authors: Fan Songtao , Zhang Zhihong , Nie Qixing , Ackah Michael , Nie Shaoping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractClarification is required when the term “carbohydrate” is used interchangeably with “saccharide” and “glycan.” Carbohydrate classification based on human digestive enzyme activities brings clarity to the energy supply function of digestible sugars and starch. However, categorizing structurally diverse non‐digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) to make dietary intake recommendations for health promotion remains elusive. In this review, we present a summary of the strengths and weaknesses of the traditional dichotomic classifications of carbohydrates, which were introduced by food chemists, nutritionists, and microbiologists. In parallel, we discuss the current consensus on commonly used terms for NDCs such as “dietary fiber,” “prebiotics,” and “fermentable glycans” and highlight their inherent differences from the perspectives of gut microbiome. Moreover, we provide a historical perspective on the development of novel concepts such as microbiota‐accessible carbohydrates, microbiota‐directed fiber, targeted prebiotics, and glycobiome. Crucially, these novel concepts proposed by multidisciplinary scholars help to distinguish the interactions between diverse NDCs and the gut microbiome. In summary, the term NDCs created based on the inability of human digestive enzymes fails to denote their interactions with gut microbiome. Considering that the gut microbiome possesses sophisticated enzyme systems to harvest diverse NDCs, the subclassification of NDCs should be realigned to their metabolism by various gut microbes, particularly health‐promoting microbes. Such rigorous categorizations facilitate the development of microbiome‐targeted therapeutic strategies by incorporating specific types of NDCs.
Chronic glycemic control influences the relationship between acute perioperative dysglycemia and perioperative outcome
Authors: Stretton Brandon , Booth Andrew E. C. , Kovoor Joshua , Gupta Aashray , Zaka Ammar , Edwards Suzanne , Barreto S. George , Maddern Guy , Bacchi Stephen , Boyd Mark 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of dysglycemia on perioperative outcomes, in patients with and without diabetes, and how prior glycemic control modifies these relationships.MethodsConsecutive surgical patients admitted to six South Australian tertiary hospitals between 2017 and 2023 were included. Blood glucose levels within 48 h pre‐ and post‐operatively were assessed in an adjusted analyses against a priori selected covariates. Dysglycemia metrics were hyperglycemia (>10.0 mmol/L), hypoglycemia (<4.0 mmol/L), glycemic variability (standard deviation of mean blood glucose >1.7 mmol/L), and stress hyperglycemic ratio (SHR). The primary outcome was hospital mortality.ResultsOf 52 145 patients, 7490 (14.4%) had recognized diabetes. Inpatient mortality was observed in 787 patients (1.5%), of which 150 (19.1%) had diabetes mellitus. Hyperglycemia was associated with increased mortality in patients with diabetes (odds ratio [OR] = 2.99, 95% CI: 1.63–5.67, p = 0.004) but not in non‐diabetics, who instead had an increased odds of intensive care unit (ICU) admission if hyperglycemic (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.40–2.72, p < 0.0001). Glycemic variability was associated with increased mortality in patients with diabetes (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.05–2.01, p < 0.05) but not in non‐diabetics. Preoperative glycemic control (HbA1c) attenuated both of these associations in a dose‐dependent fashion. Hypoglycemia was associated with increased mortality in non‐diabetics (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.92–2.37, p < 0.001) but not in patients with diabetes.Conclusions,In surgical patients with diabetes, prior exposure to hyperglycemia attenuates the impact of perioperative hyperglycemia and glycemic variability on inpatient mortality and ICU admission. In patients without diabetes mellitus, all absolute thresholds of dysglycemia are associated with ICU admission, unlike those with diabetes, suggesting the need to use more relative measures such as the SHR.image