bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P.037 Role of epilepsy monitoring unit in the investigation of patients with epilepsy and developmental delay
Authors: Suller Marti A , Mirsattari S , Aldosari M , Ikeda K , Huang W 
Published: June 2017

Background: A significant part of the developmental delay (DD) population has epilepsy (26-70%) and live in an institution. These patients tend to have atypical presentation of epileptic seizures with higher risk of misdiagnosis. Distinguishing their ictal events from paroxysmal behaviors can be challenging.There often is a lack of description of the spells or inadequate history from the caregivers or the patients. These patients often have drug resistant epilepsy requiring polypharmacy with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine usefulness of Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) in diagnosis and management of these patients. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study of the patients with epilepsy and DD living in institutions that were admitted to the EMU. Results: Four patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. The mean age was 45(29-71), 3/4 (N=3) were male and 3/4 had focal epilepsy. All patients had mood disorders and 2 were taking antipsychotic medication. The mean admission-time was 6,25 days(2-15) and there was a correlation with the events and seizures in 2/4 of the patients and the rest had a combination of behavioural-changes and seizures. Conclusions: EMU admission can provide an accurate diagnosis of spells in patients with DD and epilepsy, and improve their quality of life.
P.085 Spinal cord stimulator for chronic pain syndromes: a national awareness survey
Authors: Al Jishi AA , Suresh H , Farrokhyar F 
Published: June 2017

Background: The expansion of neuromodulation intervention for complex pain syndromes has been signifcant in the last few decades. Considering the increased load of patients, we thought about evaluating the level of awareness among different medical experts to help assessing their familiarity with spinal cord stimulator (SCS). Methods: Survey has been sent to general practitioners, family physicians, pain specialists and spine surgeons. The main outlets of the survey aims to assess the followings:The main source of their knowledge about SCFamiliarity with candidates who may benefit from SCIntroducing the concept of SC to their patients as an adjunctive treatmentFrequency of patients’ referral for SCMain reason for referring their patientsFamiliarity with centres providing SCSResults: EResults will be provided upon analysing the data from the collected surveys. Conclusions: The expansion in neurmodulation is expected to help patients with intractable pain syndromes. Hence, the survey would potentially help to explore the deficiencies in health workers awareness about SCS and outline future directions toward proper patients counseling and optimising their referral to neuromodulation centres.
Capturing the genetic makeup of the active microbiome in situ
Authors: Singer Esther , Wagner Michael , Woyke Tanja 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
More than any other technology, nucleic acid sequencing has enabled microbial ecology studies to be complemented with the data volumes necessary to capture the extent of microbial diversity and dynamics in a wide range of environments. In order to truly understand and predict environmental processes, however, the distinction between active, inactive and dead microbial cells is critical. Also, experimental designs need to be sensitive toward varying population complexity and activity, and temporal as well as spatial scales of process rates. There are a number of approaches, including single-cell techniques, which were designed to study in situ microbial activity and that have been successively coupled to nucleic acid sequencing. The exciting new discoveries regarding in situ microbial activity provide evidence that future microbial ecology studies will indispensably rely on techniques that specifically capture members of the microbiome active in the environment. Herein, we review those currently used activity-based approaches that can be directly linked to shotgun nucleic acid sequencing, evaluate their relevance to ecology studies, and discuss future directions.
Inhibition of androgen receptor promotes CXC-chemokine receptor 7-mediated prostate cancer cell survival
Authors: Hoy James J. , Kallifatidis Georgios , Smith Diandra K. , Lokeshwar Bal L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe atypical C-X-C chemokine receptor 7 (CXCR7) has been implicated in supporting aggressive cancer phenotypes in several cancers including prostate cancer. However, the mechanisms driving overexpression of this receptor in cancer are poorly understood. This study investigates the role of androgen receptor (AR) in regulating CXCR7. Androgen deprivation or AR inhibition significantly increased CXCR7 expression in androgen-responsive prostate cancer cell lines, which was accompanied by enhanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated mitogenic signaling, promoting tumor cell survival through an androgen-independent signaling program. Using multiple approaches we demonstrate that AR directly binds to the CXCR7 promoter, suppressing transcription. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) directed Cas9 nuclease-mediated gene editing of CXCR7 revealed that prostate cancer cells depend on CXCR7 for proliferation, survival and clonogenic potential. Loss of CXCR7 expression by CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing resulted in a halt of cell proliferation, severely impaired EGFR signaling and the onset of cellular senescence. Characterization of a mutated CXCR7-expressing LNCaP cell clone showed altered intracellular signaling and reduced spheroid formation potential. Our results demonstrate that CXCR7 is a potential target for adjuvant therapy in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) to prevent androgen-independent tumor cell survival.
Identification of commonly altered genes between in major depressive disorder and a mouse model of depression
Authors: Yamagata Hirotaka , Uchida Shusaku , Matsuo Koji , Harada Kenichiro , Kobayashi Ayumi , Nakashima Mami , Nakano Masayuki , Otsuki Koji , Abe-Higuchi Naoko , Higuchi Fumihiro , Watanuki Toshio , Matsubara Toshio , Miyata Shigeo , Fukuda Masato , Mikuni Masahiko , Watanabe Yoshifumi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe heterogeneity of depression (due to factors such as varying age of onset) may explain why biological markers of major depressive disorder (MDD) remain uncertain. We aimed to identify gene expression markers of MDD in leukocytes using microarray analysis. We analyzed gene expression profiles of patients with MDD (age ≥50, age of depression onset <50) (N = 10, depressed state; N = 13, remitted state). Seven-hundred and ninety-seven genes (558 upregulated, 239 downregulated when compared to those of 30 healthy subjects) were identified as potential markers for MDD. These genes were then cross-matched to microarray data obtained from a mouse model of depression (676 genes, 148 upregulated, 528 downregulated). Of the six common genes identified between patients and mice, five genes (SLC35A3, HIST1H2AL, YEATS4, ERLIN2, and PLPP5) were confirmed to be downregulated in patients with MDD by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Of these genes, HIST1H2AL was significantly decreased in a second set of independent subjects (age ≥20, age of onset <50) (N = 18, subjects with MDD in a depressed state; N = 19, healthy control participants). Taken together, our findings suggest that HIST1H2AL may be a biological marker of MDD.
Microenvironmental cooperation promotes early spread and bistability of a Warburg-like phenotype
Authors: Fernandez-de-Cossio-Diaz Jorge , De Martino Andrea , Mulet Roberto 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe introduce an in silico model for the initial spread of an aberrant phenotype with Warburg-like overflow metabolism within a healthy homeostatic tissue in contact with a nutrient reservoir (the blood), aimed at characterizing the role of the microenvironment for aberrant growth. Accounting for cellular metabolic activity, competition for nutrients, spatial diffusion and their feedbacks on aberrant replication and death rates, we obtain a phase portrait where distinct asymptotic whole-tissue states are found upon varying the tissue-blood turnover rate and the level of blood-borne primary nutrient. Over a broad range of parameters, the spreading dynamics is bistable as random fluctuations can impact the final state of the tissue. Such a behaviour turns out to be linked to the re-cycling of overflow products by non-aberrant cells. Quantitative insight on the overall emerging picture is provided by a spatially homogeneous version of the model.
Rainbow trapping in a chirped three-dimensional photonic crystal
Authors: Hayran Zeki , Kurt Hamza , Staliunas Kestutis 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLight localization and intensity enhancement in a woodpile layer-by-layer photonic crystal, whose interlayer distance along the light propagation direction is gradually varied, has been theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated. The phenomenon is shown to be related to the progressive slowing down and stopping of the incident wave, as a result of the gradual variation of the local dispersion. The light localization is chromatically resolved, since every frequency component is stopped and reflected back at different positions along the crystal. It has been further discussed that the peculiar relation between the stopping position and the wave vector distribution can substantially increase the enhancement factor to more than two orders of magnitude. Compared to previously reported one- and two-dimensional photonic crystal configurations, the proposed scheme has the advantage of reducing the propagation losses by providing a three-dimensional photonic bandgap confinement in all directions. The slowing down and localization of waves inside photonic media can be exploited in optics and generally in wave dynamics, in many applications that require enhanced interaction of light and matter.
Intraoperative 1-Hour Electrical Nerve Stimulation Enhances Outcomes of Nerve–Muscle-Endplate Band Grafting Technique for Muscle Reinnervation
Authors: Chen Jingming , Nyirenda Themba , Mu Liancai , Sobotka Stanislaw 
Published: June 2017

Background Increasing evidence suggests that 1-hour electrical nerve stimulation during surgery improves nerve regeneration and functional recovery. However, it remains unknown if this approach has beneficial effects on the outcomes of our recently developed nerve–muscle-endplate band grafting-native motor zone (NMEG-NMZ) technique for muscle reinnervation.
Methods In this study, NMEG-NMZ transplantation was performed in a rat model. The right sternomastoid muscle was experimentally denervated and immediately reinnervated by implanting a NMEG harvested from the ipsilateral sternohyoid (SH) muscle into the NMZ of the target muscle. Before implantation of the NMEG, the SH nerve branch innervating the NMEG was subjected to intraoperative 1-hour continuous electrical stimulation (20 Hz). Three months after surgery, the degree of functional recovery was evaluated with muscle force measurement and the extent of nerve regeneration and endplate reinnervation was examined using histological and immunohistochemical methods.
Results A combination of NMEG-NMZ with electrical nerve stimulation resulted in a greater degree of functional recovery than the NMEG-NMZ alone. The mean muscle force of the treated muscles was 90% of the contralateral control. The muscle mass was recovered up to 90% of the control. The mean number and percentage of area of the regenerated axons in the treated muscles was computed to be 81 and 84% of the control muscles, respectively. On average, 83% of the denervated endplates in the treated muscles were reinnervated by regenerated axons.
Conclusion Intraoperative brief nerve stimulation promotes nerve regeneration, endplate reinnervation, and functional recovery of the muscles reinnervated with NMEG-NMZ technique.
Zika Virus Infection in Pregnant Women and Microcephaly
Authors: Duarte Geraldo , Moron Antonio Fernandes , Timerman Artur , Fernandes César Eduardo , Mariani Neto Corintio , Almeida Filho Gutemberg Leão de , Werner Junior Heron , Espírito Santo Hilka Flavia Barra do , Steibel João Alfredo Piffero , Bortoletti Filho João , Andrade Juvenal Barreto Borriello de , Burlá Marcelo , Silva de Sá Marcos Felipe , Busso Newton Eduardo , Giraldo Paulo César , Moreira de Sá Renato Augusto , Passini Junior Renato , Mattar Rosiane , Francisco Rossana Pulcineli Vieira 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFrom the discovery of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in 1947 in Uganda (Africa), until its arrival in South America, it was not known that it would affect human reproductive life so severely. Today, damage to the central nervous system is known to be multiple, and microcephaly is considered the tip of the iceberg. Microcephaly actually represents the epilogue of this infection's devastating process on the central nervous system of embryos and fetuses. As a result of central nervous system aggression by the ZIKV, this infection brings the possibility of arthrogryposis, dysphagia, deafness and visual impairment. All of these changes of varying severity directly or indirectly compromise the future life of these children, and are already considered a congenital syndrome linked to the ZIKV. Diagnosis is one of the main difficulties in the approach of this infection. Considering the clinical part, it has manifestations common to infections by the dengue virus and the chikungunya fever, varying only in subjective intensities. The most frequent clinical variables are rash, febrile state, non-purulent conjunctivitis and arthralgia, among others. In terms of laboratory resources, there are also limitations to the subsidiary diagnosis. Molecular biology tests are based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with reverse transcriptase (RT) action, since the ZIKV is a ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus. The RT-PCR shows serum or plasma positivity for a short period of time, no more than five days after the onset of the signs and symptoms. The ZIKV urine test is positive for a longer period, up to 14 days. There are still no reliable techniques for the serological diagnosis of this infection. If there are no complications (meningoencephalitis or Guillain-Barré syndrome), further examination is unnecessary to assess systemic impairment. However, evidence is needed to rule out other infections that also cause rashes, such as dengue, chikungunya, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, rubella, and herpes. There is no specific antiviral therapy against ZIKV, and the therapeutic approach to infected pregnant women is limited to the use of antipyretics and analgesics. Anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided until the diagnosis of dengue is discarded. There is no need to modify the schedule of prenatal visits for pregnant women infected by ZIKV, but it is necessary to guarantee three ultrasound examinations during pregnancy for low-risk pregnancies, and monthly for pregnant women with confirmed ZIKV infection. Vaginal delivery and natural breastfeeding are advised.
External Ventricular Drainage in Acute Cerebral Venous Thrombosis with Bilateral Thalamic Infarcts
Authors: Lipp Alexandra , Messerer Mahmoud , Daniel Roy , Simonin Alexandre 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is an uncommon type of stroke with a considerable risk of mortality and morbidity (around 15% overall death or dependency rate in recent meta-analysis). We present the case of a 20-month-old girl who presented with an altered level of consciousness and motor impairment. Imaging studies showed deep CVT with bilateral thalamic edema, resulting in obstructive hydrocephalus due to third ventricle compression. An external ventricular drain was placed, along with intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. Evolution was favorable with near-complete neurological recovery. Anticoagulation is the mainstay of treatment of CVT. However, there are very few studies addressing shunting procedures in the management of associated intracranial hypertension. We believe that for patients presenting with bilateral thalamic edema and obstructive hydrocephalus, early shunting and ICP monitoring should be considered.
Profile of First Time Seizure in Infants with 1 to 12 Months of Age Presenting to a Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital
Authors: Bhat Abdus , Hussain Wani , Kakroo Ayaz , Qadri Ishtiyaq 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe incidence of seizure in first year of life is very high. Considerable research on neonatal seizures has been done; however information regarding the profile of patients with first time seizure in the age group of 1 to 12 months is scarce. Our study was a prospective observational study undertaken at a tertiary pediatric care hospital in north India with objectives of finding the epidemiological, clinical, and aetiological profile of patients in the age group of 1 to 12 months presenting with first time seizure and to ascertain their electroencephalography (EEG) and imaging findings. Seizure recurrence and developmental delay was also studied during the first six months post seizure. Fifty patients were included in the study. There were 31 male patients (62%) and 19 female patients (38%). Mean age at seizure occurrence was 5.3 ±2.1 months. Forty one patients (82%) presented with generalized tonic seizures. Only two patients (4%) had focal seizures. Seizures in 7 patients (14%) could not be classified. Electroencephalography and brain imaging were done in 42 patients as indicated. Among these 42 patients, EEG abnormalities were noted in 15 patients (35.7%), while imaging abnormalities were noted in 10 patients (23%). Fifteen patients (35.7%) were found to have developmental delay on follow-up. 16 (38%) patients developed recurrence of seizures. Statistical analysis revealed significant association between abnormal imaging and developmental delay at six months and seizure recurrence within six months of first seizure, however the association with abnormal EEG was not statistically significant.
How an alloreactive T-cell receptor achieves peptide and MHC specificity
Authors: Wang Yuan , Singh Nishant K. , Spear Timothy T. , Hellman Lance M. , Piepenbrink Kurt H. , McMahan Rachel H. , Rosen Hugo R. , Vander Kooi Craig W. , Nishimura Michael I. , Baker Brian M. 
Published: June 2017

SignificanceT-cell alloreactivity drives transplant rejection. Alloreactive recognition is believed to proceed with limited specificity, accounting for the high numbers of alloreactive T cells in humans. Paradoxically, however, many T cells recognize alloantigens with high specificity, and receptors from such T cells are being explored for use in cancer immunotherapy. Here, we explain how a T-cell receptor (TCR) achieves high specificity toward a peptide antigen presented by allo-major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Counter to prevailing theories of alloreactivity, we find that TCR recognition is driven by a cooperative interplay between features unique to both the allo-MHC and the peptide, such that binding is both MHC- and peptide-centric. Our results have broad implications for the determinants of immune recognition and efforts in immunotherapy.
Emotionally guiding our actions
Authors: Carman Mary 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIf emotions have a rational role in action, then one challenge for accounting for how we can act rationally when acting emotionally is to show how we can guide our actions by our emotional considerations, seen as reasons. In this paper, I put forward a novel proposal for how this can be so. Drawing on the interconnection between emotions, cares and caring, I argue that, as the emotional agent is a caring agent, she can be aware of the emotional consideration as a pro tanto reason favouring an action choice and, even, as the reason for which she should act.
OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION
Authors: Seknazi Daniel , Coscas Florence , Sellam Alexandre , Rouimi Fabien , Coscas Gabriel , Souied Eric H. , Glacet-Bernard Agnès 
Published: June 2017

Purpose:
To study correlations in patients with retinal vein occlusion between the automatically quantified macular vascular densities in the superficial and deep capillary plexus (DCP) obtained using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and the data from conventional examination, particularly visual acuity and peripheral retinal nonperfusion assessed using fluorescein angiography (FA).

Methods:
Retrospective, observational study of patients with retinal vein occlusion who underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including FA and OCTA using the AngioVue OCTA system version 2015.100.0.35 (OptovueRTVue XR 100; AVANTI, Inc, Fremont, CA). Vascular densities in the superficial capillary plexus and DCP, as well as the area of the foveal avascular zone, were measured using the AngioAnalytics software.

Results:
Our study of 65 eyes of 61 patients (33 men, mean age: 67 years) showed a significant correlation between peripheral nonperfusion on FA and (1) automatically quantified global vascular density in both plexus (P = 0.021 for the DCP) and (2) foveal avascular zone area (P = 0.037). We also found significant correlations between capillary dropouts in both plexus and peripheral nonperfusion (P < 0.001 for both) and between visual acuity and vascular densities (P = 0.002 for the global density in the DCP). Global density less than 46% in the DCP was associated to the presence of peripheral nonperfusion area on FA (P = 0.003) and to enlargement of the superficial foveal avascular zone (P = 0.002).

Conclusion:
Our study demonstrated a significant correlation between automatically quantified macular vascular density on OCTA and peripheral nonperfusion on FA; OCTA could help identify high-risk retinal vein occlusion patients who may benefit from further evaluation using FA.
Angiopoietins and Tie2 in vascular inflammation
Authors: Parikh Samir M. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
As a subset of the organism-wide reaction to severe infection, the host vascular response has received increasing attention in recent years. The transformation that small blood vessels undergo to facilitate the clearance of pathogens may become harmful to the host if it occurs too broadly or if it is sustained too long. Adverse clinical manifestations of leaky and inflamed blood vessels include edema impairing the function of critical organs and circulatory shock.

Recent findings
The study suggests that this host vascular response may be both measurable and potentially targetable. Tie2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) heavily enriched in the vascular endothelium whose tonic signaling actively maintains vascular quiescence. When Tie2 becomes inactivated, important molecular brakes are released in the endothelium, which in turn potentiate inflammation and vascular leakage. The ligands of Tie2, Angiopoietin-1 and Angiopoietin-2, regulate its activation status. Genetic and molecular studies spanning thousands of humans link Tie2 and imbalance of the Angiopoietins to major adverse clinical events arising from bacterial sepsis, other severe infections, and even acute sterile inflammation.

Summary
The Tie2 signaling axis may constitute a molecular switch in systemic inflammation that can be measured and manipulated to target the host vascular response therapeutically.