bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of predation and nutrient enrichment on the success and microbiome of a foundational coral
Authors: Shaver Elizabeth C. , Shantz Andrew A. , McMinds Ryan , Burkepile Deron E. , Vega Thurber Rebecca L. , Silliman Brian R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBy inflicting damage to prey tissues, consumer species may increase stress in prey hosts and reduce overall fitness (i.e., primary effects, such as growth or reproduction) or cause secondary effects by affecting prey interactions with other species such as microbes. However, little is known about how abiotic conditions affect the outcomes of these biotic interactions. In coral reef communities, both nutrient enrichment and predation have been linked to reduced fitness and disease facilitation in corals, yet no study to date has tested their combined effects on corals or their associated microbial communities (i.e., microbiomes). Here, we assess the effects of grazing by a prevalent coral predator (the short coral snail, Coralliophila abbreviata) and nutrient enrichment on staghorn coral, Acropora cervicornis, and its microbiomes using a factorial experiment and high‐throughput DNA sequencing. We found that predation, but not nutrients, significantly reduced coral growth and increased mortality, tissue loss, and turf algae colonization. Partial predation and nutrient enrichment both independently altered coral microbiomes such that one bacterial genus came to dominate the microbial community. Nutrient‐enriched corals were associated with significant increases in Rickettsia‐like organisms, which are currently one of several microbial groups being investigated as a disease agent in this coral species. However, we found no effects of nutrient enrichment on coral health, disease, or their predators. This research suggests that in the several months following coral transplantation (i.e., restoration) or disturbance (i.e., recovery), Caribbean acroporid corals appear to be highly susceptible to negative effects caused by predators, but not or not yet susceptible to nutrient enrichment despite changes to their microbial communities.
Benzoic Acid/TEMPO as a Highly Efficient Metal‐Free Catalyst System for Selective Oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural into 2, 5‐diformylfuran
Authors: Li Jinlong , Lv Guangqiang , Lu Boqiong , Wang Yingxiong , Deng Tiansheng , Hou Xianglin , Yang Yongxing 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe combination of benzoic acid and 2,2,6,6‐teramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) afforded an efficient catalytic system for the aerobic oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) into 2,5‐diformylfuran (DFF) under certain conditions. The maximum conversion of 86.7 % for HMF was obtained with a nearly 77.8 % DFF yield at 1 mmol benzoic acid and 0.4 MPa oxygen pressure in acetonitrile. The aerobic oxidation ability of HMF into DFF depended on the electron density of the organic acid skeletal structure with the carboxyl group. Meanwhile, the catalyst system of benzoic acid/TEMPO also exhibited good performance for aerobic oxidation of other alcohols. Based on experimental results, we propose that the benzoic acid acted as the primary catalyst and TEMPO was the key co‐catalyst, oxidized into oxoammonium cation through electron transport and then regenerated by a superoxide radical during the reaction.
Positive Prognose
Authors: Manns Michael P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWenn Niere, Leber, Herz oder Lunge unheilbar erkrankt sind, ist eine Organtransplantation oft die letzte Hoffnung. Doch bei allen Fortschritten der modernen Medizin sind die Risiken weiterhin hoch — so bleibt das möglichst lange „Transplantatüberleben”︁ bei weitgehend uneingeschränkter Lebensqualität das oberste Ziel von Ärzten und Patienten.
Inkubator für neue Ideen
Authors: Winter Marten , Hahn Volker , Thier‐Lange Rebecca , Wirth Christian 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPfade durch den Komplexitäts‐Dschungel: Das Synthesezentrum des Deutschen Zentrums für integrative Biodiversitätsforschung setzt vorhandenes Wissen zu neuen Erkenntnissen zusammen
Auf vielen Wegen für eine andere Welt
Authors: Deitelhoff Nicole , Daphi Priska , Anderl Felix 
Published: December 2016

Abstract„Another World is Possible”︁: Unter diesem Motto kämpft eine transnationale Bewegung gegen die Globalisierung. Deren Wahrnehmung als ungerecht und zerstörerisch eint die Aktivistinnen und Aktivisten — doch die Formen ihres Protests sind ebenso verschieden wie ihre Nah‐ und Fernziele. Gerade in vergleichender Perspektive zeigt sich so das Repertoire sozialen Widerstands.
Richtig nützlich
Authors: Strohschneider Peter 
Published: December 2016

AbstractImpact und kein Ende: Weltweit rührt das Effektivitäts‐Ideologem von Wissenschaftspolitik und Forschungsförderung in vergleichbarer Weise an den Grundfesten moderner Gesellschaften wie der Populismus. Richtig nützlich können Wissenschaft und Forschung aber nur dann sein, wenn nicht kurzfristige Nutzenerwartungen zum generellen Maßstab von Förderentscheidungen werden.
Es grünt so grün
Authors: Boy Jens , Mikutta Robert , Guggenberger Georg 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn der Antarktis entsteht seit Jahrtausenden durch Erwärmung und Gletscherrückzug neues Land. Ein Netzwerk von Bodenwissenschaftlern, Algenforschern und Molekulargenetikern studiert den durch den Klimawandel noch forcierten Prozess. An ihm zeigt sich für das ganze Ökosystem Erde, wie durch die Koevolution von Pflanzen und Böden aus Geröll fruchtbare Natur wird.
Effects of stressful life events on cerebral white matter hyperintensity progression
Authors: Johnson Anne D. , McQuoid Douglas R. , Steffens David C. , Payne Martha E. , Beyer John L. , Taylor Warren D. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveExposure to stressful events is associated with both occurrence of depression and also vascular disease. The objective of this study was to determine whether higher levels of stress exposure was related to measures of pathological brain aging, specifically white matter hyperintensity volumes, in older adults with and without depression.MethodsThe sample included 130 depressed and 110 never‐depressed older adults aged 60 years or older enrolled in a longitudinal study at an academic medical center. Participants completed clinical assessments, assessment of stressful event exposure and perceived stress, and magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and after 2 years. Analyses examined both cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between stress measures and white matter hyperintensity volumes.ResultsThere were no statistically significant relationships observed between cross‐sectional baseline stress measures and either baseline hyperintensity volume or 2‐year change in hyperintensity volume. However, after controlling for demographic variables and baseline measures, change in stressor exposure was associated with change in hyperintensity volumes. In this analysis, increased stressor exposure was associated with greater increases in white matter hyperintensity volume, while reductions in stressor exposure were associated with less increase in hyperintensity volume. This relationship did not significantly differ based on the presence of either depression or medical comorbidities.ConclusionsThis work adds to a growing literature associating exposure to stressful events in later life with more rapid pathological brain aging. Work is needed to understand the physiological mechanisms by which stress exposure has this effect and examine whether stress reduction techniques may modify these observed outcomes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epicenters of dynamic connectivity in the adaptation of the ventral visual system
Authors: Prčkovska Vesna , Huijbers Willem , Schultz Aaron , Ortiz‐Teran Laura , Peña‐Gomez Cleofe , Villoslada Pablo , Johnson Keith , Sperling Reisa , Sepulcre Jorge 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectives and design: Neuronal responses adapt to familiar and repeated sensory stimuli. Enhanced synchrony across wide brain systems has been postulated as a potential mechanism for this adaptation phenomenon. Here, we used recently developed graph theory methods to investigate hidden connectivity features of dynamic synchrony changes during a visual repetition paradigm. Particularly, we focused on strength connectivity changes occurring at local and distant brain neighborhoods.Principal observations: We found that connectivity reorganization in visual modal cortex—such as local suppressed connectivity in primary visual areas and distant suppressed connectivity in fusiform areas—is accompanied by enhanced local and distant connectivity in higher cognitive processing areas in multimodal and association cortex. Moreover, we found a shift of the dynamic functional connections from primary‐visual‐fusiform to primary‐multimodal/association cortex.Conclusions: These findings suggest that repetition‐suppression is made possible by reorganization of functional connectivity that enables communication between low‐ and high‐order areas.Hum Brain Mapp 38:1965–1976, 2017. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Time course of gamma‐band oscillation associated with face processing in the inferior occipital gyrus and fusiform gyrus: A combined fMRI and MEG study
Authors: Uono Shota , Sato Wataru , Kochiyama Takanori , Kubota Yasutaka , Sawada Reiko , Yoshimura Sayaka , Toichi Motomi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDebate continues over whether the inferior occipital gyrus (IOG) or the fusiform gyrus (FG) represents the first stage of face processing and what role these brain regions play. We investigated this issue by combining functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) in normal adults. Participants passively observed upright and inverted faces and houses. First, we identified the IOG and FG as face‐specific regions using fMRI. We applied beamforming source reconstruction and time–frequency analysis to MEG source signals to reveal the time course of gamma‐band activations in these regions. The results revealed that the right IOG showed higher gamma‐band activation in response to upright faces than to upright houses at 100 ms from the stimulus onset. Subsequently, the right FG showed greater gamma‐band response to upright faces versus upright houses at around 170 ms. The gamma‐band activation in the right IOG and right FG was larger in response to inverted faces than to upright faces at the later time window. These results suggest that (1) the gamma‐band activities occurs rapidly first in the IOG and next in the FG and (2) the gamma‐band activity in the right IOG at later time stages is involved in configuration processing for faces. Hum Brain Mapp 38:2067–2079, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
B‐cells with a FasL expressing regulatory phenotype are induced following successful anti‐tuberculosis treatment
Authors: van Rensburg Ilana C. , Kleynhans Léanie , Keyser Alana , Walzl Gerhard , Loxton Andre G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIntroductionStudies show that B‐cells, in addition to producing antibodies and antigen‐presentation, are able to produce cytokines as well. These include regulatory cytokines such as IL‐10 by regulatory B‐cells. Furthermore, a rare regulatory subset of B‐cells have the potential to express FasL, which is a death‐inducing ligand. This subset of B‐cells have a positive role during autoimmune disease, but has not yet been studied during tuberculosis. These FasL‐expressing B‐cells are induced by bacterial LPS and CpG, thus we hypothesized that this phenotype might be induced during tuberculosis as well.MethodsB‐cells from participants with TB (at diagnosis and during treatment) and controls were collected, and analyzed by means of real‐time PCR and flow cytometry. In addition to this, BAL was collected from TB participants as well and analyzed by means of MAGPix (multi‐cytokine) technology.ResultsGene expression analysis show that FASL transcript levels increase by the end of treatment. Similarly, phenotypic analysis show that there is a higher frequency of FasL‐expressing B‐cells by the end of treatment.ConclusionCollectively, these results indicate that these FasL‐expressing B‐cells are being induced during anti‐TB treatment, and thus may play a positive role. Further studies are required to elucidate this.
N‐dihydrogalactochitosan as a potent immune activator for dendritic cells
Authors: El‐Hussein Ahmed , Lam Samuel S. K. , Raker Joseph , Chen Wei R. , Hamblin Michael R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractImmunotherapy has become one of the fastest growing areas of cancer research. A promising in situ autologous cancer vaccine (inCVAX) uses a novel immune activator, N‐dihydrogalactochitosan (GC), that possesses the ability to stimulate dendritic cells (DC). inCVAX is a combination treatment procedure involving treatment of the tumor with a thermal near‐infrared laser to liberate whole cell tumor antigens, followed by injection of GC (a glucosamine polymer with galactose attached to the amino groups) into the treated tumor thereby inducing a systemic antitumor immune response. Regression of both the treated tumor and distant untreated metastases has been observed in both nonclinical and clinical settings following inCVAX. We studied the stimulatory action of GC on relatively immature DCs (DC2.4 cell line) in vitro. GC at 1 mg/mL was a potent stimulator for DC with limited toxicity, giving increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class 2, CD80, and CD11c. Confocal imaging also revealed qualitatively increased uptake of antigen (Texas red‐labeled ovalbumin) by DCs after the introduction of GC. To visualize cellular uptake, GC was conjugated with FITC‐fluorophore revealing its cellular internalization after 8 hours. In some cases GC was more effective than the toxic TLR4 agonist, lipopolysaccharide. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 963–972, 2017.
The influence of substrate modulus on retinal pigment epithelial cells
Authors: White Corina , DiStefano Tyler , Olabisi Ronke 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAlthough transplantation of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells has shown promise for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases, this therapeutic approach is not without challenges. Two major challenges are RPE cell dedifferentiation and inflammatory response following transplantation. The aim of this work is to understand how the rigidity of a scaffold, a relatively unexplored design aspect in retinal tissue engineering, affects RPE cells, particularly the pathways associated with the aforementioned challenges. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) of varying molecular weights from 3.4 to 20 kDa were photopolymerized to fabricate scaffolds. The Young's modulus of the scaffolds varied from 60 to 1200 kPa. A cell study was then conducted to test the effects of scaffold rigidity on RPE cells. A cell adhesion peptide motif of arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid‐serine (RGDS) was conjugated to 60 and 1200 kPa scaffolds and ARPE‐19 cells, a human RPE cell line, were seeded onto these hydrogels. Cells grown on scaffolds demonstrated qualitatively different adhesion properties, metabolic activity, and gene expression at an mRNA level. IL‐6 and MCP‐1, two inflammation markers known to recruit microglial into the retina, had the same expression pattern with cells having the highest expression on the high modulus scaffold and lowest expression on the control substrate. This study demonstrates that scaffold rigidity, an important design parameter in other areas of tissue engineering, affects cell adhesion, activity, and expression of RPE cells. Though more exploration is needed, this begins to lay a foundation for optimizing scaffold rigidity to promote long‐term success of RPE scaffolds. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1260–1266, 2017.
Molecular genetic and biochemical responses in human airway epithelial cell cultures exposed to titanium nanoparticles in vitro
Authors: Aydın Elanur , Türkez Hasan , Hacımüftüoğlu Fazıl , Tatar Abdulgani , Geyikoğlu Fatime 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTitanium nanoparticles (NPs) have very wide application areas such as paint, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical applications. And, to translate these nanomaterials to the clinic and industrial domains, their safety needs to be verified, particularly in terms of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate of cytotoxicity and changes in gene expression profiles influenced by commonly titanium (as titanium carbide, titanium carbo‐nitride, titanium (II) oxide, titanium (III) oxide, titanium (IV) oxide, titanium nitride, titanium silicon oxide) NPs in human alveolar epithelial (HPAEpiC) and pharynx (HPPC) cell lines in vitro since inhalation is an important pathway for exposure to these NPs. HPAEpiC and HPPC cells were treated with titanium (0–100 µg/mL), NPs for 24 and 48 h, and then cytotoxicity was detected by, [3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐thiazol‐2‐yl) 2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT), uptake of neutral red (NR) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays, while genotoxicity was also analyzed by cDNA array ‐ RT‐PCR assay. According to the results of MTT, NR and LDH assays, all tested NPs induced cytotoxicity on both HPAEpiC and HPPC cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Determining and analyzing the gene expression profiles of HPAEpiC and HPPC cells, titanium NPs showed more changes in genes related to DNA damage or repair, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2056–2064, 2017.
Nedd4 Deficiency in Vascular Smooth Muscle Promotes Vascular Calcification by Stabilizing pSmad1
Authors: Lee Ji-Hyun , Jeon Seon-Ae , Kim Byung-Gyu , Takeda Michiko , Cho Jae-Jin , Kim Dong-Ik , Kawabe Hiroshi , Cho Je-Yoel 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

The nonosseous calcification process such as atherosclerosis is one of the major complications in several types of metabolic diseases. In a previous study, we uncovered that aberrant activity of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway could contribute to the vascular smooth muscle cells’ (VSMCs) calcification process. Also, we identified NEDD4 E3 ligase as a key suppressor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)/Smad pathway via a polyubiquitination-dependent selective degradation of C-terminal phosphorylated Smad1 (pSmad1) activated by TGF-β. Here, we further validated and confirmed the role of Nedd4 in in vivo vascular calcification progression. First, Nedd4 deletion in SM22α-positive mouse tissues (Nedd4fl/fl;SM22α-Cre) showed deformed aortic structures with disarranged elastin fibers at 24 weeks after birth. Second, vitamin D–induced aorta vascular calcification rate in Nedd4fl/fl;SM22α-Cre mice was significantly higher than their wild-type littermates. Nedd4fl/fl;SM22α-Cre mice showed a development of vascular calcification even at very low-level injection of vitamin D, but this was not exhibited in wild-type littermates. Third, we confirmed that TGF-β1–induced pSmad1 levels were elevated in Nedd4-deficient primary VSMCs isolated from Nedd4fl/fl;SM22α-Cre mice. Fourth, we further found that Nedd4fl/fl;SM22α-Cre mVSMCs gained mesenchymal cell properties toward osteoblast-like differentiation by a stable isotope labeling in cell culture (SILAC)-based proteomics analysis. Finally, epigenetic analysis revealed that methylation levels of human NEDD4 gene promoter were significantly increased in atherosclerosis patients. Collectively, abnormal expression or dysfunction of Nedd4 E3 ligase could be involved in vascular calcification of VSMCs by activating bone-forming signals during atherosclerosis progression. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Ambient atomic resolution atomic force microscopy with qPlus sensors: Part 1
Authors: Wastl Daniel S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) is an enormous tool to observe nature in highest resolution and understand fundamental processes like friction and tribology on the nanoscale. Atomic resolution in highest quality was possible only in well‐controlled environments like ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) or controlled buffer environments (liquid conditions) and more specified for long‐term high‐resolution analysis at low temperatures (∼4 K) in UHV where drift is nearly completely absent. Atomic resolution in these environments is possible and is widely used. However, in uncontrolled environments like air, with all its pollutants and aerosols, unspecified thin liquid films as thin as a single molecular water‐layer of 200 pm or thicker condensation films with thicknesses up to hundred nanometer, have been a problem for highest resolution since the invention of the AFM. The goal of true atomic resolution on hydrophilic as well as hydrophobic samples was reached recently. In this manuscript we want to review the concept of ambient AFM with atomic resolution. The reader will be introduced to the phenomenology in ambient conditions and the problems will be explained and analyzed while a method for scan parameter optimization will be explained. Recently developed concepts and techniques how to reach atomic resolution in air and ultra‐thin liquid films will be shown and explained in detail, using several examples. Microsc. Res. Tech. 80:50–65, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Potential to improve precipitation forecasts in Texas through the incorporation of multiple teleconnections
Authors: Tian Liyan , Leasor Zachary , Quiring Steven M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTClimate oscillations are one of the primary factors that influence precipitation. This study uses canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to examine how El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, North Atlantic Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and the Pacific‐North American pattern influence precipitation in Texas. This study identifies the months, regions, and time lags where the relationships between climate oscillations and precipitation are strongest. Correlation results indicate that ENSO accounts for the greatest amount of precipitation variance in Texas. However, including all five climate oscillations is important and together they account for a greater amount of the variance in precipitation than any individual climate oscillation. Precipitation in southern Texas is more strongly influenced by climate oscillations than other regions in Texas. The CCA results demonstrate that there are statistically significant relationships between the climate oscillations and precipitation at time lags longer than 6 months during the summer and at time lags shorter than 6 months during the winter. Based on the CCA results, a precipitation forecast model was developed for the three climate regions that we defined. In the cases of January, the Heidke Skill Score (HSS) of our model is comparable or higher to those achieved by the Climate Prediction Center (CPC) in each region. For all of the 36 month/region cases (12 months × 3 regions), there are 50% cases that the HSS of our model is comparable or higher to those achieved by the CPC. The results of this study illustrate that including multiple teleconnections can increase forecast skill, and statistical methods are useful for precipitation forecasting at a 0‐month lead time.