bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occupational musculoskeletal pain in cardiac sonographers compared to peer employees: a multisite cross‐sectional study
Authors: Orme Nicholas M. , Geske Jeffrey B. , Pislaru Sorin V. , Askew John Wells , Lennon Ryan J. , Lewis Bradley R. , Rihal Charanjit S. , Pellikka Patricia A. , Singh Mandeep 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence and impact of work‐related musculoskeletal pain in cardiac sonographers to a large control group of peer employees with similar demographics.BackgroundCardiac sonographers are known to have high levels of occupational musculoskeletal pain. Comparative studies with other employees within cardiology/radiology departments have never been performed.MethodsAn electronic survey was administered to Mayo Clinic employees at six major patient care facilities in four different states.ResultsThere were 2682 employees within the departments of cardiology and radiology who were contacted, and 1532 (57%) completed the survey. After excluding those who wore protective lead aprons, 517 employees comprised the control group and 66 cardiac sonographers made up the study group. Cardiac sonographers reported work‐related musculoskeletal pain more frequently than the control group (88% vs 40%; P<.001). This association persisted after multivariable adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, length of current employment, and history of preexisting musculoskeletal pain (OR 11.6; [95% CI 5.32, 25.5]; P<.001). Cardiac sonographers sought medical care for their work‐related pain more often (55% vs 21%; P<.001) and missed more work due to pain (35% vs 12%, P<.001). In a secondary analysis, cardiac sonographers also experienced more work‐related musculoskeletal pain than nurses, technicians, and physicians working in the interventional laboratory who regularly wear a protective lead apron (P<.001).ConclusionsIn this multisite cross‐sectional study, cardiac sonographers experienced significantly more work‐related pain and missed more work due to pain than peer employees within cardiology/radiology departments.
Blocking transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 channel in astrocytes enhances astrocyte‐mediated neuroprotection after oxygen–glucose deprivation and reoxygenation
Authors: Zhang Han , Xiao Jun , Hu Zheng , Xie Minjie , Wang Wei , He Dan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAstrocytes play important roles in homeostatic regulation in the central nervous system and are reported to influence the outcome of ischemic injury. Regulating Ca2+ signaling of astrocytes is a promising strategy for stroke therapy. Herein, we report for the first time that transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2), a Ca2+‐permeable channel that is important in osmotic balance regulation, expresses in rat cortical astrocytes by immunofluorescence. Moreover, oxygen‐glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment enhanced the expression. The TRPV2 is functional because Ca2+ imaging showed that activating the TRPV2 channel in cultured astrocytes increased intracellular Ca2+ level and the increment of intracellular Ca2+ level expanded when astrocytes were treated with OGD/R. Staining with 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) revealed that while blocking the TRPV2, it promoted the proliferation of astrocytes. Additionally, blocking the TRPV2 in astrocytes increased the synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA and the secretion of NGF by real‐time PCR and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay respectively. We further found that the increased secretion of NGF could be reversed by c‐JunN‐terminalkinase (JNK) inhibitor and blocking the TRPV2 caused the phosphorylation of JNK. These indicated that blocking the TRPV2 induced NGF secretion via the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK)‐JNK signaling pathway. As the promoted proliferation of astrocytes and secretion of NGF were reported to have neuroprotective effects in the early stage of stroke, we concluded that targeting the TRPV2 channel in astrocytes might be a potential new therapeutic strategy in ischemic stroke.
Temporally stable adaptation is robust, incomplete and specific
Authors: van der Kooij Katinka , Overvliet Krista E. , Smeets Jeroen B. J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSensorimotor adaptation, the process that reduces movement errors by learning from sensory feedback, is often studied within a session of about half an hour. Within such a single session, adaptation generally reaches plateau before errors are completely removed. However, adaptation may complete on longer timescales: the slow components of error‐based adaptation are associated with good retention. In this study, we tested how adaptation evolves over time by asking participants to perform six adaptation sessions on different days. In these sessions, participants performed a three‐dimensional reaching task while visual feedback about endpoint errors was rotated around the cyclopean eye. In addition, context specificity of the adaptation was addressed by measuring inter‐limb transfer and transfer to visual and proprioceptive perceptual tasks. We show that from the second session on, the adaptation was retained almost completely across sessions. However, after six learning sessions, adaptation still reached plateau before errors were completely removed. The adaptation was specific: the adaptation did neither transfer to the other hand, nor to the visual, and only marginally to the proprioceptive perceptual estimates. We conclude that motor adaptation is robust, specific and incomplete.
Territory Availability at Different Spatial Scales does not Affect Fighting Investment in Males of the Lycaenid Butterfly Strymon mulucha
Authors: Ferreira Cibele P. S. , Cerqueira Luana P. , Uezu Alexandre , Oliveira Eddy J. F. , Peixoto Paulo E. C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn territorial species, rivals investment in fights over territories may increase when the availability of suitable areas for defense is low. This should occur because low territory availability may increase the costs to maintain and acquire territories. Although such process occurs in small spatial scales (local scale), territory availability in larger scales (regional scale) may also affect fighting investment, as losers should incur additional dispersing costs to find new territories. In this study, we used males of the hilltopping butterfly Strymon mulucha to evaluate the hypothesis that males should invest more in territorial fights when the costs to find new territories are higher (both at local and at regional scale). We timed male–male contests for territories located in 12 hilltops and measured male density per territory in each hilltop (local scale). We also quantified the distance between hilltops containing suitable areas for territories (regional scale). Male–male contests lasted 21 s on average, and copulations did not occur during the observations. The duration of contests was unrelated to the male density per territory or to the distance among hilltops, indicating that the investment in fights was unaffected by the availability of territorial sites, independent of the spatial scale. As male–male contests in S. mulucha are longer than the mean contest duration in other butterfly species and mating is extremely rare, we suggest that the value of each territory may be high enough to favor males that always invest as much as possible in contests.
Does the Advanced Proficiency Evaluated in Oral‐Like Written Text Support Syntactic Parsing in a Written Academic Text Among L2 Japanese Learners?
Authors: Kitajima Ryu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCorpus linguistics identifies the qualitative difference in the characteristics of spoken discourse vs. written academic discourse. Whereas spoken discourse makes greater use of finite dependent clauses functioning as constituents in other clauses, written academic discourse incorporates noun phrase constituents and complex phrases. This claim can be extended to the contrast between academic written texts and more informal oral‐like written texts. This study examined whether this qualitative difference in syntactic structures affects second language learners’ syntactic parsing in a written academic text. For the purpose of this research, a think‐aloud protocol of reading a typical written academic text was carried out with 31 undergraduate students at a U.S. university who demonstrated near‐passing scores and above on the Japanese language proficiency test level 2. The statistical analysis, using Kendall's tau, revealed that advanced proficiency in terms of oral‐like written texts does not guarantee the ability to parse syntactic structures in written academic texts.
A variation of the Nijmegen‐Bethesda assay using heat or a novel heat/cold pretreatment for the detection of FIX inhibitors in the presence of residual FIX activity
Authors: Millner A. H. , Tiefenbacher S. , Robinson M. , Boesen H. T. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIntroductionThe inclusion of a heat treatment step has improved the classic Nijmegen‐Bethesda assay for detection of factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors in the presence of residual FVIII activity (FVIII:C). However, information regarding heat‐modified Nijmegen‐Bethesda assays for the detection of FIX inhibitors is still limited.MethodsThree methods to measure FIX inhibitors in the presence or absence of residual FIX activity (FIX:C) using three different activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) reagents were investigated. These included the standard Nijmegen‐Bethesda assay (method 1), a heat‐modified assay (method 2) and a novel heat/cold‐modified assay (method 3).ResultsIn the absence of FIX:C, all methods measured similar levels of FIX inhibitor, while FIX inhibitor titres varied widely in the presence of residual FIX:C. Using method 1, inhibitors were not accurately measured in the presence of residual circulating FIX:C. Using method 2, detection was improved, especially at higher inhibitor titres. Using method 3, some additional sensitivity was obtained. The choice of aPTT reagent did not affect the detection of inhibitors.ConclusionHeat pretreatment is recommended for detecting FIX inhibitors in samples with residual FIX:C. The heat/cold modification improved the sensitivity of the Nijmegen‐Bethesda assay, resulting in higher tolerance for residual FIX:C.
Ernst Mayr, causal understanding, and systematics: an example using sabelliform polychaetes
Authors: Fitzhugh Kirk 
Published: August 2016

AbstractErnst Mayr suggested that understanding the features of organisms involves the study of what he called “proximate” and “ultimate” causes. Proximate causes of characters occur during the life of the organism; ultimate causes occur prior to the life of the organism, as part of the evolutionary history leading to organisms in the present. Mayr also pointed out that descriptive biology is important because it provides the basis for pursuing understanding by way of proximate and ultimate causes. Systematics encompasses each of these components. We routinely describe organisms (not taxa), and often infer proximate hypotheses (e.g., ontogenetic, functional, and physiological causes) to explain particular characters. Characters are also explained by ultimate causes in the form of intraspecific, specific, and phylogenetic hypotheses. Success at attaining ultimate understanding is distinctly limited, however, since these hypotheses are rarely tested. The consequence is that we often use specific and phylogenetic hypotheses to move toward the study of descriptive aspects and proximate understanding, where increases in causal understanding are more successful. An example of interactions between descriptive, proximate, and ultimate understanding are presented from research on the sabelliform groups Fabriciidae and Sabellidae. Members of both families have what is interpreted as two peristomial rings, anterior and posterior. A distinct mid‐ventral patch of cilia occurs on the anterior peristomial ring among Fabriciidae, and the posterior peristomial ring among Sabellidae. Phylogenetic hypotheses suggest these different cilia patches are synapomorphies for the respective families. Since these phylogenetic hypotheses cannot be tested, it will be more productive to investigate whether or not these patches of cilia are homologous, which might be established through ontogenetic and histological studies of proximate causes: are these cilia derived from the larval prototroch or metatroch? Are anterior and posterior peristomial rings really peristomial? Studies directed at these proximate causes offer valuable increased understanding not possible for ultimate causes in systematics.
Design fabrication and evaluation of walnut bleacher
Authors: Zameer Hussain Syed , Ahad Tehmeena , Rather A. H. , Naik H. R. , Idrees Sheikh 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to design, fabricate, and evaluate a walnut bleaching machine. The machine consists of a feed hopper, rotating drum, motor, reduction gear, belt and pulley system, pump, storage tank, lever, delivery chute, and a control box. The bleaching process is achieved by simultaneous chemical and mechanical action. In order to assess the performance of the machine, acidified sodium chlorite, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide were used as bleaching agents in 2 and 3% concentrations for 5 and 7 min of time. The result of the performance tests showed the significant effects of bleaching agent and bleaching time on all the performance and color parameters with the exception of damaged walnut percentage. Treating inshelled walnuts with 3% sodium hypochlorite +0.2% HCl (T5) for 7 min followed by rinsing in plain water resulted in attractive and bright shell appearance of walnuts. Further, highest bleaching efficiency (94.69%), fully bleached walnut percentages (94.19), and lowest partially bleached walnut percentage (5.47) were recorded when T5 was used as bleaching agent for 7 min in bleacher.Practical applicationsDark shell colored and stained walnuts have poor consumer acceptability. In India, crude methods are employed to remove these shell stains, which compromise the shell integrity, thus leading to moisture ingress into kernels. This results in kernel darkening, mold growth, and oxidative rancidity in walnuts. However, for improving the surface appearance, the walnuts after dehulling are required to be processed. Therefore, a walnut bleaching machine was developed and various chemical bleaching agents were investigated to study their effects on surface cleaning of inshelled walnuts. A technology of this nature can be useful to walnut growers and processors.
Predictors of specific phobia in children with Williams syndrome
Authors: Pitts C. H. , Klein‐Tasman B. P. , Osborne J. W. , Mervis C. B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundSpecific phobia (SP) is the most common anxiety disorder among children with Williams syndrome (WS); prevalence rates derived from Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders‐based diagnostic interviews range from 37% to 56%. We evaluated the effects of gender, age, intellectual abilities and/or behaviour regulation difficulties on the likelihood that a child with WS would be diagnosed with SP.MethodsA total of 194 6‐17 year‐olds with WS were evaluated. To best characterise the relations between the predictors and the probability of a SP diagnosis, we explored not only possible linear effects but also curvilinear effects.ResultsNo gender differences were detected. As age increased, the likelihood of receiving a SP diagnosis decreased. As IQ increased, the probability of receiving a SP diagnosis also decreased. Behaviour regulation difficulties were the strongest predictor of a positive diagnosis. A quadratic relation was detected: The probability of receiving a SP diagnosis gradually rose as behaviour regulation difficulties increased. However, once behaviour regulation difficulties approached the clinical range, the probability of receiving a SP diagnosis asymptoted at a high level.ConclusionChildren with behaviour regulation difficulties in or just below the clinical range were at the greatest risk of developing SP. These findings highlight the value of large samples and the importance of evaluating for nonlinear effects to provide accurate model specification when characterising relations among a dependent variable and possible predictors.
Labor and Birth Care Satisfaction Associated With Medical Interventions and Accompaniment During Labor Among Chilean Women
Authors: Weeks Fiona , Pantoja Loreto , Ortiz Jovita , Foster Jennifer , Cavada Gabriel , Binfa Lorena 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionSatisfaction with care during labor and birth has been associated with various obstetric variables. The purpose of this study was to determine which labor and birth procedures are significant predictors of maternal patient satisfaction in a large cross‐sectional sample.MethodsAn observational, cross‐sectional study of 1660 women giving birth in Chilean public hospital facilities was conducted from 2012 to 2013. Data were collected from 9 different hospitals in 8 regions of Chile using 2 instruments, including the American College of Nurse‐Midwives Intrapartum Care Data Set and a locally validated measure of maternal well‐being. Women were eligible if they arrived at the labor and delivery unit during early labor (2‐3 centimeters dilated) and spent at least 4 hours in labor at the facility. In the current analysis, odds ratios were calculated using ordinal logistic regression for association with a less optimal well‐being score (possible outcome values were optimal, adequate, and minimal). Odds ratios were adjusted for age, education, single status, and parity (nulliparous vs multiparous). Stepwise regression was used to identify the procedural factors that were significantly associated with labor and birth care satisfaction.ResultsFactors significantly associated with lower satisfaction were cesarean birth (odds ratio [OR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1‐1.7), pharmacologic pain management (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.7), continuous fetal heart rate monitoring (OR. 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2‐1.8), and episiotomy (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1‐1.7). Nulliparity was also associated with minimal maternal satisfaction (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.0‐1.5). Greater satisfaction was associated with accompaniment by a companion of choice during labor (OR, 0.49: 95% CI, 0.40‐0.60).DiscussionThis study is one of the first to provide empirical evidence that maternal patient satisfaction is negatively affected by many common obstetric procedures in the Latin American context. These findings are consistent with World Health Organization recommendations regarding judicious and necessary, rather than routine, use of obstetric interventions.
Mate Value Discrepancy and Mate Retention Behaviors of Self and Partner
Authors: Sela Yael , Mogilski Justin K. , Shackelford Todd K. , Zeigler‐Hill Virgil , Fink Bernhard 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigated the relationship between perceived mate value discrepancy (i.e., the difference between an individual's mate value and their partner's mate value) and perceived frequency of mate retention performed by an individual relative to his or her partner.MethodIn two studies, participants in long‐term, exclusive, sexual, heterosexual relationships reported their own, and their partner's, mate value and mate retention. Samples included 899 community members (Study 1) and 941 students and community members (Study 2).ResultsIn Study 1, we documented that individuals with higher self‐perceived short‐term mate value, and who perceive their partner to have lower (vs. higher) short‐term mate value, perform less frequent Benefit‐Provisioning mate retention, controlling for the partner's Benefit‐Provisioning mate retention. In Study 2, we documented that individuals who perceive that they could less easily replace their partner, and who perceive their partner could more (vs. less) easily replace them, perform more frequent mate retention (Benefit‐Provisioning and Cost‐Inflicting), controlling for the partner's mate retention.ConclusionThese results highlight the importance of assessing perceived discrepancies in mate value (notably, regarding the replaceability of self and partner with another long‐term mate) and perceived mate retention behaviors of self, relative to partner, between men and women in long‐term relationships.
Broadening of acoustic repertoire in Pomacentridae: tonal sounds in the Ambon damselfish Pomacentrus amboinensis
Authors: Parmentier E. , Frédérich B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDamselfish are prolific callers, identified as being able to produce different kinds of sounds (pops and chirps) associated with various behaviors. During courtship and chase behaviors, the coral reef damselfish Pomacentrus amboinensis produces a previously unknown additional kind of call that we have named the wiping sound. These calls have two to three long (54 ± 13 ms) units that do not show the usual percussive aspect of the pomacentrid sounds. Calls consist of a high‐pitched (from 550 to 775 Hz) tonal sound in which the cycle repetition rate corresponds to the peak frequency. The high frequency of this tonal sound can be excluded as coming from the contraction of sound producing muscles. These sounds could be the result of a mechanism that drives the merging of successive pops. In the noisy environment of coral reefs and the resulting competition for acoustic space, the wiping sounds appear to be a good way to increase signal distinctiveness and opportunities for correct signal discrimination. This new kind of sound supports that acoustic communication is highly important in the biology of damselfishes and their diversification.
Patterns in megabenthic assemblages on a seamount summit (Ormonde Peak, Gorringe Bank, Northeast Atlantic)
Authors: Ramos Manuela , Bertocci Iacopo , Tempera Fernando , Calado Gonçalo , Albuquerque Mónica , Duarte Pedro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGettysburg and Ormonde are two shallow peaks located on the Gorringe seamount about 200 and 240 km WSW off Cape St. Vincent (Portugal, NE Atlantic), within the Portuguese Economic Exclusive Zone. Despite the ecological importance of the biological assemblages on these peaks and the need to preserve seamounts as valuable habitats, no management plans have been yet implemented at this site, which only recently has been included in the list of Sites of Community Importance of Portugal. Video imagery collected using a ROV during the 2011 Oceana campaigns was used here to analyse qualitative and quantitative patterns of benthic assemblage composition at the summit of the seamount (between 30 and 230 m depth). The results suggest that Ormonde is a biologically important area made up of vulnerable marine ecosystem elements that change significantly with depth. These include: kelp beds, in the euphotic zone; encrusting coralline algal communities and solitary colonies or mixed associations of suspension‐feeders (scleractinians, gorgonians, antipatharians, encrusting demosponges and ascidians), at the lower limit of the euphotic zone; mixed coral gardens and erect sponges, in the disphotic zone; and dense sponge aggregations, on the upper slope. These results were further used to propose amendments to the European Nature Information System habitat classification as a tool to work towards resolving the seamounts management issue. The results also provide information on taxa and habitats with high ecological value and classified as threatened or vulnerable, which is essential for the implementation of the cornerstones of Europe's biodiversity conservation policy, namely the OSPAR Convention and the EU Habitats Directive.