bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kalaymyo Peridotite Massif in the Indo‐Myanmar Ranges (Western Myanmar): Its Mineralogy and Petrology
Authors: NIU Xiaolu , LIU Fei , YANG Jingsui , DILEK Yildirim , XU Zhiqin , FENG Guangying , XIONG Fahui , SEIN Kyaing 
Published: June 2017

Mesozoic ophiolites crop out discontinuously in the Indo‐Myanmar Ranges in NE India and Myanmar, and represent the remnants of the Neotethyan oceanic lithosphere (Sengupta et al., 1990; Mitchell, 1993). These ophiolites in the Indo‐Myanmar Ranges are the southern continuation of the Neotethyan ophiolites occurring along the Yarlung Zangbo Suture Zone (YZSZ) in southern Tibet farther northwest (Mitchell, 1993; Fareeduddin and Dilek, 2015), as indicated by their coeval crystallization ages and geochemical compositions (Yang et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2016). The Kalaymyo ophiolite is located in the central part of the eastern Indo‐Myanmar Ranges (Fig. 1).composition of these ophiolites from the central Tibetan Plateau (CTP) is dominated by MORBs and minor OIBs and a distinct lack of IATs and BONs, which is inconsistent with most ophiolites worldwide (Robinson and Zhou, 2008; Zhang et al., 2008). But the generation and tectonic nature of these ophiolites are still controversial.The Kalaymyo peridotites consist mainly of harzburgites, which show typical porphyroclastic or coarse‐grained equigranular textures. They are composed of olivine (Fo = 89.8–90.5), orthopyroxene (En86‐91Wo1‐4Fs8‐10; Mg# = 89.6–91.9), clinopyroxene (En46‐49Wo47‐50Fs3‐5; Mg# = 90.9–93.6) and spinel (Mg# = 67.1–78.9; Cr# = 13.5–31.5), and have relatively homogeneous whole‐rock compositions with Mg#s of 90.1–90.8 and SiO2 (41.5–43.65 wt.%), Al2O3 (1.66–2.66 wt.%) and CaO (1.45–2.67 wt.%) contents.They display Light Rare Earth Element (LREE)‐depleted chondrite‐normalized REE patterns with (La/Yb)CN = 0.04–0.21 and (Gd/Yb)CN = 0.40–0.84, and show a slight enrichment from Pr to La with (La/Pr)CN in the range of 0.98–2.36. The Kalaymyo peridotites are characterized by Pd‐enriched chondrite‐normalized PGE patterns with superchondritic (Pd/Ir)CN ratios (1.15–2.36). Their calculated oxygen fugacities range between QFM–0.57 and QFM+0.90.These mineralogical and geochemical features collectively suggest that the Kalaymyo peridotites represent residual upper mantle rocks after low to moderate degrees (5–15%) of partial melting at a mid‐ocean‐ridge (MOR) environment. The observed enrichment in LREE and Pd was a result of their reactions with enriched MORB‐like melts, percolating through these already depleted, residual peridotites. The Kalaymyo and other ophiolites in the Indo‐Myanmar Ranges hence represent mid‐ocean ridge (MOR)–type Tethyan oceanic lithosphere derived from a downgoing plate and accreted into a westward migrating subduction–accretion system along the eastern margin of India.
Regarding an Oceanic Crust/Upper Mantle Geochemical Signature at the KT Boundary: If not from Chicxulub Crater, then Where Did it Come from?
Authors: OLDS Peter , SLEEP Norm 
Published: June 2017

Evidence for a mantle and/or basaltic component in KT boundary distal ejecta is apparently inconsistent with ejection from Chicxulub Crater since it is located on ∼35 km thick continental crust (DePaolo et al., 1983; Montanari et al., 1983; Hildebrand and Boynton, 1988, 1990). This evidence, along with ejected terrestrial chromites (Olds et al., 2016) suggest the impact sampled terrestrial mafic and/or ultramafic target rocks which are not known to exist in the Chicxulub target area.Possible resolutions to the paradox are: 1) the existence of an unmapped/unknown suture in Yucatan Platform basement, 2) an additional small unmapped/unknown impact site on oceanic lithosphere, or 3) an additional large impact on oceanic lithosphere or continental margin transitional to oceanic lithosphere.The third hypothesis is elaborated here since: 1) Ophiolites nearest to Chicxulub crater are found in Cuba and apparently were obducted in latest Cretaceous/earliest Danian times (García‐Casco, 2008), inconsistent with the documented Eocene collision of Cuba with the Bahamas platform; and 2) Cuba hosts the world's thickest known KT boundary deposits (Iturralde‐Vinent, 1992; Kiyokawa et al., 2002; Tada et al., 2003). These and geometric considerations suggest oceanic crust and upper mantle rock, exposed as ophiolite in the Greater Antilles island chain, marks the rim of a roughly 700 km diameter impact basin deformed and dismembered from an originally circular form by at least 50 million years of left‐lateral shear displacement along the North American‐Caribbean transform plate boundary.
Inducible knockdown of pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A gene expression in adult female mice extends life span
Authors: Bale Laurie K. , West Sally A. , Conover Cheryl A. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryPregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) knockout (KO) mice, generated through homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells, have a significantly increased lifespan compared to wild‐type littermates. However, it is unknown whether this longevity advantage would pertain to PAPP‐A gene deletion in adult animals. In the present study, we used tamoxifen (Tam)‐inducible Cre recombinase‐mediated excision of the floxed PAPP‐A (fPAPP‐A) gene in mice at 5 months of age. fPAPP‐A mice, which were either positive (pos) or negative (neg) for Tam‐Cre, received Tam treatment with quarterly boosters. Only female mice could be used with this experimental design. fPAPP‐A/neg and fPAPP‐A/pos mice had similar weights at the start of the experiment and showed equivalent weight gain. We found that fPAPP‐A/pos mice had a significant extension of life span (P = 0.005). The median life span was increased by 21% for fPAPP‐A/pos compared to fPAPP‐A/neg mice. Analysis of mortality in life span quartiles indicated that the proportion of deaths of fPAPP‐A/pos mice were lower than fPAPP‐A/neg mice at young adult ages (P = 0.002 for 601–800 days) and higher than fPAPP‐A/neg mice at older ages (P = 0.004 for >1000 days). Thus, survival curves and age‐specific mortality indicate that female mice with knockdown of PAPP‐A gene expression as adults have an extended healthy life span.
Assessing the impact of a temporary class drug order on ethylphenidate‐related infections among people who inject drugs in Lothian, Scotland: an interrupted time–series analysis
Authors: Yeung Alan , Weir Amanda , Austin Hannah , Morrison Kirsty , Inverarity Donald , Sherval Jim , Henderson Naomi , Joshi Shruti , Ure Roisin , McAuley Andrew 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsIn April 2015, the UK government enacted a temporary class drug order (TCDO) on ethylphenidate in response to reported harms associated with its use, in particular an outbreak of infections among people who inject drugs (PWID) in Lothian, Scotland. This study assesses the effect that the TCDO had on reducing the most common infections identified during the outbreak: Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus.DesignThe outbreak was split into a pre‐intervention period (35 weeks) and a post‐intervention period (26 weeks) based around the date of the TCDO. Segmented negative binomial regression models were used to compare trends in weekly counts of infections between the pre‐ and post‐intervention periods.Setting and participantsPWID in the Lothian region of Scotland.MeasurementsCases of S. pyogenes and S. aureus infections reported within the National Health Service, Lothian.FindingsThere were 251 S. pyogenes and/or S. aureus infections recorded among 211 PWID between February 2014 and December 2015: 171 infections in the pre‐intervention period and 51 in the post‐intervention period. Significant trend changes in weekly S. pyogenes and/or S. aureus infections following the TCDO were found [relative risk (RR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.82–0.94]. PWID who self‐reported using novel psychoactive substances (NPS) were at higher risk of acquiring these infections (RR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.12–2.93), particularly when comparing the risk of infection with NPS use for a specific strain, S. pyogenes emm76.0, against the risk of infection with NPS use for S. pyogenes (emm types other than emm76.0) (RR = 3.49, 95% CI = 1.32–9.21).ConclusionsThe UK government's 2015 temporary class drug order on ethylphenidate was effective in reducing infections among people who inject drugs during an outbreak situation in Lothian, Scotland.
Progress in implementation of WHO FCTC Article 14 and its guidelines: a survey of tobacco dependence treatment provision in 142 countries
Authors: Nilan Kapka , Raw Martin , McKeever Tricia M. , Murray Rachael L. , McNeill Ann 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimsTo (1) estimate the number of Parties to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) providing tobacco dependence treatment in accordance with the recommendations of Article 14 and its guidelines; (2) assess association between provision and countries’ income level; and (3) assess progress over time.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingOnline survey from December 2014 to July 2015.ParticipantsContacts in 172 countries were surveyed, representing 169 of the 180 FCTC Parties at the time of the survey.MeasurementsA 26‐item questionnaire based on the Article 14 recommendations including tobacco treatment infrastructure and cessation support systems. Progress over time was assessed for those countries that also participated in our 2012 survey and did not change country income level classification.FindingsWe received responses from contacts in 142 countries, an 83% response rate. Overall, 54% of respondents reported that their country had an officially identified person responsible for tobacco dependence treatment, 32% an official national treatment strategy, 40% official national treatment guidelines, 25% a clearly identified budget for treatment, 17% text messaging, 23% free national quitlines and 26% specialized treatment services. Most measures were associated positively and significantly with countries’ income level (P < 0.001). Measures not associated significantly with income level included mandatory recording of tobacco use (30% of countries), offering help to health‐care workers (HCW) to stop using tobacco (44%), brief advice integrated into existing services (44%), and training HCW to give brief advice (81%). Reporting having an officially identified person responsible for tobacco cessation was the only measure with a statistically significant improvement over time (P = 0.0351).ConclusionFewer than half of countries that are Parties to the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control have implemented the recommendations of Article 14 and its guidelines, and for most measures, provision was greater the higher the country's income. There was little improvement in treatment provision between 2012 and 2015 in all countries.
Association between elementary school personality and high school smoking and drinking
Authors: Peterson Sarah J. , Smith Gregory T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground and aimsAmong US high school students, alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking are associated with numerous concurrent and future harms. We tested whether multiple elementary school personality dispositions to behave impulsively can predict these addictive behaviors invariably across gender and race.Design and SettingThis longitudinal design involved testing whether individual differences on impulsigenic traits in elementary school predicted drinking and smoking 4 years later in high school in 23 public schools in Kentucky, USA.ParticipantsA total of 1897 youth, mean age 10.33 at wave 1, drawn from urban, rural and suburban backgrounds.MeasurementsDrinking and smoking frequency were assessed by single‐item questions. The key predictors were impulsigenic traits measured with the UPPS‐P Child Version impulsive behavior scale. Important covariates included were pubertal status, depression, negative affect and positive affect; each was assessed by self‐report.FindingsThree personality traits measured in 5th grade, each representing different dispositions to engage in impulsive behavior, predicted drinking and smoking in 9th grade above and beyond other risk factors and 5th grade drinking and smoking. Specifically, urgency (b = 0.10, 0.13), sensation‐seeking (b = 0.13, 0.07) and low conscientiousness (b = 0.14, 0.11) each uniquely predicted both high school drinking and smoking, respectively. There was no evidence that any trait predicted either outcome more strongly than the other traits, nor was there evidence that predictive results varied by gender or race.ConclusionsThree personality traits (urgency, sensation‐seeking and low conscientiousness), when measured in 11‐year‐old children, predict those children's drinking and smoking behavior individually at age 15. The effects are invariant across gender and race.
Antennal morphology and micro‐sensory architecture of the New Zealand magpie moth, Nyctemera annulata (Lepidoptera: Erebidae): diversity, distribution and dimorphism
Authors: Mark Cassandra J , Parsons Stuart , Holwell Gregory I 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInsects rely on chemical information obtained from their surroundings when locating biologically important resources. Detection of these chemicals is mediated by the antennae, which are endowed with various sensory structures called sensilla. Sensilla type, distribution and density vary among species, between sexes and at different life stages, and may provide important information regarding the ability of individuals to detect and process such external stimuli. The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate the sensory architecture of larval and adult antennae in the New Zealand magpie moth, Nyctemera annulata (Arctiinae). Using scanning electron microscopy the sensilla were identified and classified into 8 types: trichoid, basiconic, chaetic, auricillic, squamiform, styloconic, coeloconic and Böhm's bristles, with multiple subtypes. Larval antennae were found to possess morphology and sensory structures which are essentially ubiquitous across the Lepidoptera. Sexual dimorphism was apparent in the overall antennal morphology as well as in the distribution, density and morphology of particular types of sensilla in adult N. annulata, which likely represents a divergence in sensory functions based on the different resource cues responded to by males (sex pheromones) and females (host plant odours). This is a rare example of a study which quantifies variation in the numbers and dimensions of all antennal sensilla types for males and females to allow a thorough statistical assessment of sexual dimorphism in antennal sensory architecture.
Spontaneous food allergy in Was−/− mice occurs independent of FcεRI‐mediated mast cell activation
Authors: Lexmond W. S. , Goettel J. A. , Sallis B. F. , McCann K. , Rings E. H. H. M. , Jensen‐Jarolim E. , Nurko S. , Snapper S. B. , Fiebiger E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundFood allergies are a growing health problem, and the development of therapies that prevent disease onset is limited by the lack of adjuvant‐free experimental animal models. We compared allergic sensitization in patients with food allergy or Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome (WAS) and defined whether spontaneous disease in Was−/− mice recapitulates the pathology of a conventional disease model and/or human food allergy.MethodsComparative ImmunoCAP ISAC microarray was performed in patients with food allergy or WAS. Spontaneous food allergy in Was−/− mice was compared to an adjuvant‐based model in wild‐type mice (WT‐OVA/alum). Intestinal and systemic anaphylaxis was assessed, and the role of the high‐affinity IgE Fc receptor (FcεRI) in allergic sensitization was evaluated using Was−/−Fcer1a−/− mice.ResultsPolysensitization to food was detected in both WAS and food‐allergic patients which was recapitulated in the Was−/− model. Oral administration of ovalbumin (OVA) in Was−/− mice induced low titers of OVA‐specific IgE compared to the WT‐OVA/alum model. Irrespectively, 79% of Was−/− mice developed allergic diarrhea following oral OVA challenge. Systemic anaphylaxis occurred in Was−/− mice (95%) with a mortality rate >50%. Spontaneous sensitization and intestinal allergy occurred independent of FcεRI expression on mast cells (MCs) and basophils.ConclusionsWas−/− mice provide a model of food allergy with the advantage of mimicking polysensitization and low food‐antigen IgE titers as observed in humans with clinical food allergy. This model will facilitate studies on aberrant immune responses during spontaneous disease development. Our results imply that therapeutic targeting of the IgE/FcεRI activation cascade will not affect sensitization to food.
Influences of environmental bacteria and their metabolites on allergies, asthma, and host microbiota
Authors: Jatzlauk G. , Bartel S. , Heine H. , Schloter M. , Krauss‐Etschmann S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe prevalence of allergic diseases and asthma has dramatically increased over the last decades, resulting in a high burden for patients and healthcare systems. Thus, there is an unmet need to develop preventative strategies for these diseases. Epidemiological studies show that reduced exposure to environmental bacteria in early life (eg, birth by cesarean section, being formula‐fed, growing up in an urban environment or with less contact to various persons) is associated with an increased risk to develop allergies and asthma later in life. Conversely, a reduced risk for asthma is consistently found in children growing up on traditional farms, thereby being exposed to a wide spectrum of microbes. However, clinical studies with bacteria to prevent allergic diseases are still rare and to some extent contradicting. A detailed mechanistic understanding of how environmental microbes influence the development of the human microbiome and the immune system is important to enable the development of novel preventative approaches that are based on the early modulation of the host microbiota and immunity. In this mini‐review, we summarize current knowledge and experimental evidence for the potential of bacteria and their metabolites to be used for the prevention of asthma and allergic diseases.
A pilot, open‐label, 8‐week study evaluating the efficacy, safety and tolerability of adjunctive minocycline for the treatment of bipolar I/II depression
Authors: Soczynska Joanna K , Kennedy Sidney H , Alsuwaidan Mohammad , Mansur Rodrigo B , Li Madeline , McAndrews Mary Pat , Brietzke Elisa , Woldeyohannes Hanna O , Taylor Valerie H , McIntyre Roger S 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesThe objectives of the study were to determine if adjunctive minocycline mitigates depressive symptom severity and improves cognitive function in individuals with bipolar I/II disorder (BD). The study also aimed to determine if changes in depressive and/or cognitive symptoms over the course of treatment were associated with changes in circulating inflammatory cytokine levels.MethodsA total of 29 (intention‐to‐treat: n=27) adults meeting DSM‐IV‐TR criteria for a major depressive episode as part of bipolar I or II disorder (i.e. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale 17‐item [HAMD‐17] ≥20) were enrolled in an 8‐week, open‐label study with adjunctive minocycline (100 mg bid). The primary outcome measure was the Montgomery−Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The HAMD‐17, Clinical Global Impression‐Severity (CGI‐S), cognitive test composite scores and plasma cytokines were secondary outcome measures. Plasma cytokines were measured with the 30 V‐Plex Immunoassay from Meso Scale Discovery.ResultsAdjunctive minocycline was associated with a reduction in depressive symptom severity from baseline to week 8 on the MADRS (P<.001, d=0.835), HAMD‐17 (P<.001, d=0.949) and CGI‐S (P<.001, d=1.09). Improvement in psychomotor speed, but not verbal memory or executive function, was observed only amongst individuals exhibiting a reduction in depression severity (P=.007, d=0.826). Levels of interleukin (IL)‐12/23p40 (P=.002) were increased, while levels of IL‐12p70 (P=.001) and C‐C motif chemokine ligand 26 (CCL26) (P<.001) were reduced from baseline to week 8. A reduction in CCL26 levels was associated with a less favourable treatment response (P<.001).ConclusionsResults from the pilot study suggest that adjunctive minocycline may exert antidepressant effects in individuals with bipolar depression, possibly by targeting inflammatory cytokines.
Immune deficiency and autoimmunity in patients with CTLA-4 (CD152) mutations
Authors: Verma N , Burns S O , Walker L S K , Sansom D M 
Published: June 2017

SummaryImmune deficiency disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases of variable genetic aetiology. While the hallmark of immunodeficiency is susceptibility to infection, it is increasingly clear that autoimmunity is prevalent, suggestive of a more general immune dysregulation in some cases. With the increasing use of genetic technologies, the underlying causes of immune dysregulation are beginning to emerge. Here we provide a review of the heterozygous mutations found in the immune checkpoint protein CTLA-4, identified in cases of common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID) with accompanying autoimmunity. Study of these mutations provides insights into the biology of CTLA-4 as well as suggesting approaches for rational treatment of these patients.
Steady‐state pattern electroretinogram and short‐duration transient visual evoked potentials in glaucomatous and healthy eyes
Authors: Amarasekera Dilru C , Resende Arthur F , Waisbourd Michael , Puri Sanjeev , Moster Marlene R , Hark Lisa A , Katz L Jay , Fudemberg Scott J , Mantravadi Anand V 
Published: June 2017

AbstractImportanceThis study evaluates two rapid electrophysiological glaucoma diagnostic tests that may add a functional perspective to glaucoma diagnosis.BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the ability of two office‐based electrophysiological diagnostic tests, steady‐state pattern electroretinogram and short‐duration transient visual evoked potentials, to discern between glaucomatous and healthy eyes.DesignThis is a cross‐sectional study in a hospital setting.ParticipantsForty‐one patients with glaucoma and 41 healthy volunteers participated in the study.MethodsSteady‐state pattern electroretinogram and short‐duration transient visual evoked potential testing was conducted in glaucomatous and healthy eyes. A 64‐bar‐size stimulus with both a low‐contrast and high‐contrast setting was used to compare steady‐state pattern electroretinogram parameters in both groups. A low‐contrast and high‐contrast checkerboard stimulus was used to measure short‐duration transient visual evoked potential parameters in both groups.Main Outcome MeasuresSteady‐state pattern electroretinogram parameters compared were MagnitudeD, MagnitudeD/Magnitude ratio, and the signal‐to‐noise ratio. Short‐duration transient visual evoked potential parameters compared were amplitude and latency.ResultsMagnitudeD was significantly lower in glaucoma patients when using a low‐contrast (P = 0.001) and high‐contrast (P < 0.001) 64‐bar‐size steady‐state pattern electroretinogram stimulus. MagnitudeD/Magnitude ratio and SNR were significantly lower in the glaucoma group when using a high‐contrast 64‐bar‐size stimulus (P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). Short‐duration transient visual evoked potential amplitude and latency were not significantly different between the two groups.Conclusions and relevanceSteady‐state pattern electroretinogram was effectively able to discern between glaucomatous and healthy eyes. Steady‐state pattern electroretinogram may thus have a role as a clinically useful electrophysiological diagnostic tool.