bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of chronic frontal sinusitis treated with ethmoidectomy: a prospective study
Authors: Abuzeid Waleed M. , Mace Jess C. , Costa Milena L. , Rudmik Luke , Soler Zachary M. , Kim Grace S. , Smith Timothy L. , Hwang Peter H. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundIn medically refractory chronic frontal sinusitis, ethmoidectomy without instrumentation of the frontal ostium may resolve frontal disease. Our aim was to determine the efficacy of ethmoidectomy alone for the treatment of chronic frontal sinusitis.MethodsAdults with chronic rhinosinusitis prospectively enrolled in a multicenter study who demonstrated frontal sinusitis on computed tomography were divided into 2 groups: (1) endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) incorporating ethmoidectomy, but excluding frontal sinusotomy; and (2) ESS incorporating frontal sinusotomy. The primary outcome was improvement in 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores. Secondary outcomes included endoscopic scores and use of corticosteroids and antibiotics.ResultsA total of 196 cases undergoing frontal sinusotomy and 30 cases treated with ethmoidectomy without frontal sinusotomy were analyzed and were comparable demographically. The prevalence of nasal polyps, previous ESS, asthma, and aspirin intolerance was more common in the frontal sinusotomy group (p < 0.050). Preoperative endoscopy and computed tomography scores were higher in the frontal sinusotomy group (p ≤ 0.001). Postoperatively, both groups showed comparable SNOT‐22 scores with worse endoscopy scores in the frontal sinusotomy group (p = 0.038). Postoperative improvement in SNOT‐22 total and subdomain scores was comparable between groups. Nasal endoscopy scores improved to a greater degree in the frontal sinusotomy group (p = 0.023). Duration of postoperative topical steroid use was higher in the frontal sinusotomy group (p = 0.007). Revision surgery was needed in 2.6% of frontal sinusotomy patients and 0% of patients without frontal sinusotomy.ConclusionThe treatment of chronic frontal sinusitis through ethmoidectomy is a potential alternative to frontal sinusotomy achieving similar quality of life (QOL) improvements in patients manifesting less severe sinus disease.
Conformational Studies and Atropisomerism Kinetics of the ALK Clinical Candidate Lorlatinib (PF‐06463922) and Desmethyl Congeners
Authors: Elleraas Jeff , Ewanicki Jason , Johnson Ted W. , Sach Neal W. , Collins Michael R. , Richardson Paul F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLorlatinib (PF‐06463922) is an ALK/ROS1 inhibitor and is in clinical trials for the treatment of ALK positive or ROS1 positive NSCLC (i.e. specific subsets of NSCLC). One of the laboratory objectives for this molecule indicated that it would be desirable to advance a molecule which was CNS penetrant in order to treat brain metastases. From this perspective, a macrocyclic template was attractive for a number of reasons. In particular, this template reduces the number of rotatable bonds, provides the potential to shield polar surface area and reinforces binding through a restricted conformation. All of these features led to better permeability for the molecules of interest and thus increased the chance for better blood brain barrier penetration. With a CNS penetrant molecule, kinase selectivity is a key consideration particularly with regard to proteins such as TrkB, which are believed to influence cognitive function. Removal of the chiral benzylic methyl substituent from lorlatinib was perceived as not only a means to simplify synthetic complexity, but also as a strategy to further truncate the molecule of interest. Examination of the NMR of the desmethyl analogues revealed that the compound existed as a mixture of atropisomers, which proved separable by chiral SFC. The individual atropisomers were evaluated through a series of in vitro assays, and shown to have a favorable selectivity profile when compared to lorlatinib. The challenge to develop such a molecule lies in the rate at which the atropisomers interchange dictated by the energy barrier required to do this. Here, we describe the synthesis of the desmethyl macrocycles, conformational studies on the atropisomers, and the kinetics of the interconversion. In addition, the corresponding conformational studies on lorlatinib are reported providing a hypothesis for why a single diastereomer is observed when the chiral benzylic methyl group is introduced.
Superspreading on Immersed Gel Surfaces for the Confined Synthesis of Thin Polymer Films
Authors: Zhang Pengchao , Zhang Feilong , Zhao Chuangqi , Wang Shutao , Liu Mingjie , Jiang Lei 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLiquid spreading is of significant interest in science and technology. Although surface topography engineering and liquid surface‐tension regulating can facilitate spreading, the spreading layers in these strategies are inevitably inhomogeneous or contaminated with surfactants. Herein, we show a general strategy to realize the superspreading of liquids on mutually soluble gel surfaces. The cooperation of the hydraulic pressure under liquid phase and liquid‐like property of gel surfaces can dramatically eliminate the local pinning effect and enhance the advancement of three‐phase contact line, thus forming stable and homogeneous superspreading liquid layers. Such liquid layers can be converted into various functional thin polymer films with controlled thicknesses (nm‐ to µm‐scale) through one‐step polymerization of the reactants. Our strategy offers opportunities for large‐scale synthesis of versatile functional thin films for various applications.
Intramolecular Cyclopropanation of 1,4‐Dienes through Hydroboration–Homologation: Easy Access to Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes
Authors: Xu Gong , Renaud Philippe 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAn intramolecular cyclopropanation reaction involving B‐(1‐chloroalkyl)catecholborane intermediates generated from 1,4‐dienes through hydroboration with catecholborane and Matteson homologation was developed. This sequential procedure leading to bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes involves the formation of three new sigma C−C bonds at the same carbon atom. A mechanistic study supports the involvement of carbocationic intermediates.
Tailored Cyclic and Linear Polycarbosilazanes by Barium‐Catalyzed N−H/H−Si Dehydrocoupling Reactions
Authors: Bellini Clément , Orione Clément , Carpentier Jean‐François , Sarazin Yann 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBa[CH(SiMe3)2]2(THF)3catalyzes the fast and controlled dehydrogenative polymerization of Ph2SiH2andp‐xylylenediamine to afford polycarbosilazanes. The structure (cyclic versus linear; end‐groups) and molecular weight of the macromolecules can be tuned by adjusting the Ph2SiH2/diamine feed ratio. A detailed analysis of the resulting materials (mol. wt up to ca. 10 000 g mol−1) is provided.
Spectroscopic Characterization and Reactivity of Triplet and Quintet Iron(IV) Oxo Complexes in the Gas Phase
Authors: Andris Erik , Jašík Juraj , Gómez Laura , Costas Miquel , Roithová Jana 
Published: February 2016

AbstractClosely structurally related triplet and quintet iron(IV) oxo complexes with a tetradentate aminopyridine ligand were generated in the gas phase, spectroscopically characterized, and their reactivities in hydrogen‐transfer and oxygen‐transfer reactions were compared. The spin states were unambiguously assigned based on helium tagging infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectra of the mass‐selected iron complexes. It is shown that the stretching vibrations of the nitrate counterion can be used as a spectral marker of the central iron spin state.
FeOOH/Co/FeOOH Hybrid Nanotube Arrays as High‐Performance Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Feng Jin‐Xian , Xu Han , Dong Yu‐Tao , Ye Sheng‐Hua , Tong Ye‐Xiang , Li Gao‐Ren 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHerein, we developed FeOOH/Co/FeOOH hybrid nanotube arrays (HNTAs) supported on Ni foams for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The inner Co metal cores serve as highly conductive layers to provide reliable electronic transmission, and can overcome the poor electrical conductivity of FeOOH efficiently. DFT calculations demonstrate the strong electronic interactions between Co and FeOOH in the FeOOH/Co/FeOOH HNTAs, and the hybrid structure can lower the energy barriers of intermediates and thus promote the catalytic reactions. The FeOOH/Co/FeOOH HNTAs exhibit high electrocatalytic performance for OER, such as low onset potential, small Tafel slope, and excellent long‐term durability, and they are promising electrocatalysts for OER in alkaline solution.
Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Dearomative Arylation or Alkenylation of Quinolinium Salts
Authors: Wang Yan , Liu Yunlong , Zhang Dongdong , Wei Hao , Shi Min , Wang Feijun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA highly enantioselective rhodium(I)‐catalyzed dearomative arylation or alkenylation of easily available N‐alkylquinolinium salts is reported, thus providing an effective and practical approach to the synthesis of dihydroquinolines in up to 99 % ee. This reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups with respect to both the organic boronic acids and the quinoline starting materials. Moreover, the synthetic utility of this protocol is demonstrated in the formal asymmetric synthesis of bioactive tetrahydroquinoline and the total syntheses of (−)‐angustureine and (+)‐cuspareine.
PLA/functionalized‐gum arabic based bionanocomposite films for high gas barrier applications
Authors: Tripathi Neelima , Katiyar Vimal 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe present work focuses on the microwave synthesis of lactic acid‐grafted‐gum arabic (LA‐g‐GA) by polycondensation reaction and its influence as an additive to improve the gas barrier properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films, prepared by solution casting method. It is observed that during the synthesis of LA‐g‐GA, hydrophilic gum is converted into hydrophobic due to grafting of in situ grown hydrophobic oligo‐(lactic acid). Subsequently, PLA/LA‐g‐GA bionanocomposite films are fabricated and characterized for structural, thermal, mechanical and gas barrier properties. Path breaking reduction in oxygen permeability (OP) of ∼10 folds is achieved in case of PLA films containing LA‐g‐GA as filler. However, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) is reduced up to 27% after 5 wt % addition of filler. Reduction in OP of this order of magnitude enables the PLA to compete with PET in term of enhancing shelf life and maintaining the food quality. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43458.
Increased DNA Methylation and Reduced Expression of Transcription Factors in Human Osteoarthritis Cartilage
Authors: Alvarez‐Garcia Oscar , Fisch Kathleen M. , Wineinger Nathan E. , Akagi Ryuichiro , Saito Masahiko , Sasho Takahisa , Su Andrew I. , Lotz Martin K. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo analyze the methylome of normal and osteoarthritic (OA) knee articular cartilage and to determine the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of gene expression in vitro.MethodsDNA was isolated from human normal (n = 11) and OA (n = 12) knee articular cartilage and analyzed using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. To integrate methylation and transcription, RNA sequencing was performed on normal and OA cartilage and validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Functional validation was performed in the human TC28 cell line and primary chondrocytes that were treated with the DNA methylation inhibitor 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐aza‐dC).ResultsDNA methylation profiling revealed 929 differentially methylated sites between normal and OA cartilage, comprising a total of 500 individual genes. Among these, 45 transcription factors that harbored differentially methylated sites were identified. Integrative analysis and subsequent validation showed a subset of 6 transcription factors that were significantly hypermethylated and down‐regulated in OA cartilage (ATOH8, MAFF, NCOR2, TBX4, ZBTB16, and ZHX2). Upon 5‐aza‐dC treatment, TC28 cells showed a significant increase in gene expression for all 6 transcription factors. In primary chondrocytes, ATOH8 and TBX4 were increased after 5‐aza‐dC treatment.ConclusionOur findings reveal that normal and OA knee articular cartilage have significantly different methylomes. The identification of a subset of epigenetically regulated transcription factors with reduced expression in OA may represent an important mechanism to explain changes in the chondrocyte transcriptome and function during OA pathogenesis.
Brief Report: Arthritis in KRN T Cell Receptor–Transgenic Mice Does Not Require Interleukin‐17 or Th17 Cells
Authors: Auger Jennifer L. , Cowan Hannah M. , Engelson Brianna J. , Kashem Sakeen W. , Prinz Immo , Binstadt Bryce A. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTh17 cells and interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) cytokine family members are implicated in the pathogenesis of many rheumatic diseases. Most studies in mouse models of inflammatory arthritis have demonstrated a key role for the proinflammatory cytokine IL‐17A and its receptor, the IL‐17 receptor (IL‐17R) A/C heterodimer. The aim of this study was to use a rigorous genetic approach to evaluate the contribution of Th17 cells and IL‐17 in the autoantibody‐dependent KRN T cell receptor–transgenic mouse model of arthritis.MethodsWe bred KRN mice expressing the major histocompatibility complex class II molecule Ag7 (referred to as K/B/g7 mice) and genetically lacking the related cytokines IL‐17A and IL‐17F or their critical receptor subunit, IL‐17RA. Using bone marrow transplantation, we generated mice in which hematopoietic cells from K/B/g7 donor mice lacked the key Th17‐differentiating transcription factor, retinoic acid receptor–related orphan nuclear receptor γt (Rorγt).ResultsK/B/g7 mice lacking both IL‐17A and IL‐17F produced normal titers of pathogenic autoantibodies, and arthritis developed in a typical manner. Similarly, neither IL‐17RA nor Rorγt expression by hematopoietic cells was required for disease development in this model.ConclusionDespite prior reports suggesting that Th17 cells and IL‐17A are crucially involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis in K/BxN mice, the results presented here provide genetic evidence that IL‐17A and IL‐17F, IL‐17RA, and Rorγt expression by hematopoietic cells are dispensable for normal arthritis progression in the K/B/g7 mouse model system. We discuss potential explanations for the discrepancies between these 2 highly similar model systems. These findings plus those in other mouse models of arthritis provide insight regarding why therapeutic biologic agents targeting the Th17/IL‐17 axis are beneficial in some human rheumatic diseases but not others.
Molecular Orbital Controlling Donor Moiety for High‐Efficiency Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters
Authors: Seo Jeong‐A , Gong Myoung‐Seon , Song Wook , Lee Jun Yeob 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA new donor moiety, 7,7,13,13‐tetramethyl‐7,13‐dihydro‐5H‐indeno[1,2‐b]acridine (IAc), was developed to control the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) dispersion of thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters. The IAc unit expanded the HOMO dispersion of the emitters and increased the quantum efficiency of the TADF devices up to 20.9 %.
Polymer/Graphene Hybrids for Advanced Energy‐Conversion and ‐Storage Materials
Authors: Cui Linfan , Gao Jian , Xu Tong , Zhao Yang , Qu Liangti 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPolymer/graphene‐based materials with interesting physical and chemical properties have been attracting considerable attention and have been shown to have great potential as active materials in the field of energy conversion and storage. In this review, we focus on recent significant advances in the fabrication and application of polymer/graphene hybrids as electrocatalysts and electrode materials. Synthetic strategies and application of these materials in energy conversion and storage are presented, particularly in devices such as fuel cells, actuators, and supercapacitors, accompanied with a discussion of the challenges and research directions necessary for the future development of polymer/graphene hybrids.
Prevalence and trend of neural tube defects in five counties in Shanxi province of Northern China, 2000 to 2014
Authors: Liu Jufen , Zhang Le , Li Zhiwen , Jin Lei , Zhang Yali , Ye Rongwei , Liu Jianmeng , Ren Aiguo 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDThe prevalence of neural tube defects (NTDs) in northern China is among the highest in the world. A massive folic acid supplementation program as a specific countermeasure was introduced in 2009. Examining trends in NTD prevalence may provide evidence for future intervention.METHODSData for 2000 to 2014 in five counties in northern China were obtained through a population‐based birth defects surveillance system. All live births, stillbirths of over 20 gestational weeks, and pregnancy terminations because of NTDs at any gestational age were recorded. The prevalence of NTDs by gestational weeks (<28 vs. ≥28), by calendar year, and by subtype was presented.RESULTSFrom 2000 to 2014, a total of 234,225 births and 2027 cases of NTDs were recorded. The prevalence of total NTDs was extremely high during 2000 to 2004, but it began to decrease continuously thereafter, from a peak of 120.0/10,000 in 2004 to a low of 31.5/10,000 in 2014. A significant decrease (60%) was observed from 78.8/10,000 in 2009 to 31.5/10,000 in 2014, 5 years after the folic acid supplementation program was introduced. All three major subtypes, namely anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele, showed a decline over this period. Although the perinatal (≥28 gestational weeks) prevalence of NTDs decreased progressively, the pre‐perinatal (<28 gestational weeks) prevalence of NTDs remained high until 2011 and then decreased.CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of NTDs remains high despite a substantial and continuous decrease over the past 15 years. To further reduce NTD risk in the population, fortification staples with folic acid should be considered. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:267–274, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel COL4A1 mutation in an infant with severe dysmorphic syndrome with schizencephaly, periventricular calcifications, and cataract resembling congenital infection
Authors: Smigiel Robert , Cabala Magdalena , Jakubiak Aleksandra , Kodera Hirofumi , Sasiadek Marek J. , Matsumoto Naomichi , Sasiadek Maria M. , Saitsu Hirotomo 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundA clinical case is described of growth retardation, severe developmental delay, facial dysmorphic features with microcephaly, as well as congenital cataract, schizencephaly, periventricular calcifications, and epilepsy.MethodsTORCH infection was suspected, but all tests for toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus were negative for the child and her mother; however, an increased level of antibodies against parvovirus B19 was detected in the proband.ResultsChromosomal analysis and array‐CGH showed no aberration. Target capture sequencing for COL4A1 and COL4A2 revealed a de novo COL4A1 mutation (c.2123G>T [p.Gly708Val]). The mutation occurred at a highly conserved Gly residue in the Gly‐X‐Y repeat of the collagen triple helical domain, suggesting that these mutations may alter the collagen IV α1α1α2 heterotrimers. The mutation was predicted to be damaging.ConclusionWe suggest that COL4A1 testing should be considered in patients with schizencephaly as well as with phenotype suggesting TORCH infection without any proven etiological factors. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:304–307, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Role of palliative radiotherapy in the management of mural cardiac metastases: who, when and how to treat? A case series of 10 patients
Authors: Fotouhi Ghiam Alireza , Dawson Laura A. , Abuzeid Wael , Rauth Sarah , Jang Raymond W. , Horlick Eric , Bezjak Andrea 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCardiac metastases (CM), although a rare manifestation of metastatic cancer, are increasing in incidence with the improved prognosis and increased longevity of many patients with cancer. This condition may be life‐threatening, especially for bulky rapidly growing tumors. Such cancer presentations may be amenable to palliative radiotherapy to improve symptoms and to prevent further cardiac function decline. Here, we report on our experience with 10 patients with mural CM who received radiotherapy (RT) to the heart with palliative intent. The radiation treatment was given in different clinical situations using different dose and fractionation, and with a variety of outcomes. Palliative RT was a reasonably effective treatment, leading to good radiographic response in five patients who were evaluable for radiologic response. The mean duration of response in responding patients was 6.3 months (range: 3–11 months). This report describing clinical dilemmas around CM radiation therapy summarizes the previous experiences with radiation in treatment of CM and may assist in the considerations of palliative treatment for these patients.
Self–Other Relations in Biodiversity Conservation in the Community: Representational Processes and Adjustment to New Actions
Authors: Mouro Carla , Castro Paula 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis research explores the simultaneous role of two Self–Other relations in the elaboration of representations at the micro‐ and ontogenetic levels, assuming that it can result in acceptance and/or resistance to new laws. Drawing on the Theory of Social Representations, it concretely looks at how individuals elaborate new representations relevant for biodiversity conservation in the context of their relations with their local community (an interactional Other) and with the legal/reified sphere (an institutional Other). This is explored in two studies in Portuguese Natura 2000 sites where a conservation project calls residents to protect an at‐risk species. Study 1 shows that (i) agreement with the institutional Other (the laws) and meta‐representations of the interactional Other (the community) as approving of conservation independently help explain (at the ontogenetic level) internalisation of conservation goals and willingness to act; (ii) the same meta‐representations operating at the micro‐genetic level attenuate the negative relation between ambivalence and willingness to act. Study 2 shows that a meta‐representation of the interactional Other as showing no clear position regarding conservation increases ambivalence. Findings demonstrate the necessarily social nature of representational processes and the importance of considering them at more than one level for understanding responses to new policy/legal proposals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sterols and Fatty Acids of the Harmful Dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides
Authors: Giner José‐Luis , Ceballos Harriette , Tang Ying‐Zhong , Gobler Christopher J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSterol and fatty acid compositions were determined for Cochlodinium polykrikoides, a toxic, bloom‐forming dinoflagellate of global significance. The major sterols were dinosterol (40% of total sterols), dihydrodinosterol (32%), and the rare 4α‐methyl Δ8(14) sterol, amphisterol (23%). A minor sterol, 4α‐methylergost‐24(28)‐enol was also detected (5.0%). The fatty acids had a high proportion of PUFAs (47%), consisting mainly of EPA (20%) and the relatively uncommon octadecapentaenoic acid (18 : 5, 22%). While unlikely to be responsible for toxicity to fish, these lipids may contribute to the deleterious effects of this alga to invertebrates.