bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual flow of the radial artery in the presence of an arterial catheter: A single-centre retrospective observational study
Authors: Elli Stefano , Modaffari Francesca , Vellata Luca , Melziade Luisa Ilaria , Bongiovanni Luca , Atanasio Ilaria , Lucchini Alberto , Citterio Stefano , Giustivi Davide 
Published: September 2024

Background:Arterial catheterisation is a common procedure used to manage critically ill patients. The radial artery, both for its favourable anatomical position and the presence of ulnar collateral circulation, is the most used. While there is a consensus for a catheter/vein ratio of ⩽33% for venous catheterisation, there are no strong indications for arterial catheterisation. Some authors have hypothesised that a catheter/artery ratio of less than 45% is advisable. This study aimed to explore the relationship between residual flow in the Radial Artery, the catheter/artery ratio, and ulnar compensation.Methods:This retrospective observational study included patients with radial artery catheters in general wards and intensive care units of a tertiary hospital in Italy. Residual flow in the radial artery was calculated by measuring the Peak Systolic Velocity and diameter of the artery at the midpoint of the arm. The reverse Barbeau test was used to assess the residual perfusion. The sample was stratified and analysed to the catheter/artery ratio being greater or less than 33% and 45% and to the score obtained during the reverse Barbeau test.Results:The data obtained showed a significant statistical correlation between residual flow, catheter/artery ratio, and the reverse Barbeau test ( p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0074 respectively). Almost 80% of the sample had a catheter with an exit site less than 4 cm from the wrist crease.Conclusion:Adhering to the current guidelines, especially using ultrasound to ensure a catheter/artery ratio of at least 45%, can help maintain preserved perfusion through the cannulated radial artery. Ulnar compensation appears to be crucial for maintaining good tissue perfusion and should always be evaluated before catheterisation. Therefore, further studies are warranted.
The feasibility of a novel method to remove circumferentially ruptured balloons during ultrasound-guided percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for arteriovenous dialysis access
Authors: Chen Bo , Tu Bo , Lai Qiquan , Chen Ling , Gao Xuejing , Zhou Yu , Zhang Xi , Wan Ziming 
Published: September 2024

Objective: Angioplasty balloon rupture is a rare complication during percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). Conventional approach to retrieve circumferentially ruptured balloons is open surgery. This study examined the feasibility of a novel approach which can remove ruptured balloon during PTA in vascular access. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 35 patients of a total 6465 patients that underwent ultrasound-guided PTA with a circumferential balloon rupture from February 2016 and August 2023. The patients underwent surgery (Group I, n = 13) or the novel method (Group II, n = 22) for balloon retrieval. Kaplan–Meier curve was used to assess the primary patency rates of the two groups. Result: The total incidence of circumferential balloon rupture was 0.5% in our center. Balloon retrieval was successful in both groups with no complications except one case had an infection in the surgical wound. Kaplan–Meier curve analysis showed that the post-intervention primary patency rates of the two methods were not significantly different ( p > 0.05). There was a significant difference between pre-operation and post-operation brachial arterial flow ( p < 0.001). Conclusion: The feasibility of the novel technique for retrieval of circumferential ruptured balloons during ultrasound-guided PTA is validated. The technique enables less invasive retrieval and continuation of PTA.
SNAI2 as a Prognostic Biomarker Based on Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Patients With Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Tian-Tian , Hao Qing-Gang , Teng Zhao-Wei , Liu Yuan , Wu Jia-Fan , Zhang Jun , Yang Li-Rong 
Published: September 2024

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common type of malignant tumor with therapeutic challenges. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) promote LUAD growth and metastasis, regulate the tumor immune response, and influence tumor treatment responses and drug resistance. However, the molecular mechanisms through which CAFs control LUAD progression are largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine the correlations between CAF-related genes and overall survival (OS) in patients with LUAD. Methods: We acquired the gene expression data and clinical information of 522 patients with LUAD patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 442 patients with LUAD from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. CAF infiltration levels were assessed using the Microenvironment Cell Population (MCP) counter, the Estimating the Proportions of Immune and Cancer cells (EPIC) algorithm, and Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) scores. A CAF-related gene network was constructed using the Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Based on the CAF-related genes, univariate Cox regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) Cox regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic genes. Gene expression levels within the prognostic model were validated using the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) databases and Western blotting. Results: Our results demonstrated that high CAF scores were associated with lower survival rates in patients with LUAD. Gene modules that were highly correlated with high CAF scores were closely associated with tissue characteristics and extracellular matrix structures in LUAD. In addition, correlations between CAF scores and responses to immunotherapy and chemotherapy were observed. Finally, we found that SNAI2 expression was higher in lung cancer tissues than in normal tissues. Conclusion: Deepening our understanding of the influence of CAFs on tumor progression and treatment response at the molecular level can aid the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. This study provides important insights into the functional mechanisms of action of CAFs in LUAD and highlights their clinical implications.
The efficacy of mobile applications for reducing depression in adolescents and young adults: A meta-analysis of randomized control trials
Authors: Lee Ching-Hua Julie , Bazan Maria , Wong Jolene , Yoshida Takuto , Jantarabenjakul Watsamon , Lin Sheng-Yi , Papatheodorou Stefania 
Published: September 2024

Background Mobile applications for mental health have the potential to aid people with mental health disorders, especially depression, by providing them with tools and coping mechanisms. Adolescents and young adults, being at risk of depressive symptoms and leading mobile users, are among the main targets of using mobile applications to alleviate symptoms. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mobile application–based psychological interventions in reducing depression symptoms in adolescents and young adults compared to those not exposed to the intervention. Methods We conducted a meta-analysis focusing on mobile applications for reducing depressive symptoms. We searched two databases: MEDLINE and EMBASE and included randomized controlled trials conducted in English among participants aged 18–35 years old who were assessed for depressive symptoms using a validated screening measure and used mobile applications–based psychological interventions. Two of six independent reviewers conducted study selection, data extraction, and bias assessment. A pooled mean standardized difference (Cohen's d) and 95% CI were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed using I2 statistics and forest plot. Egger's test was used for assessing publication bias. Results After screening 740 references, we identified 12 trials with 1869 participants, with a mean age of participants ranging from 14.70 to 25.1 years. The interventions ranged from cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based mobile apps to interactive story-telling apps and apps delivering a mix of CBT, interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents, and dialectical behavior therapy elements. Control groups included information-only, waitlist, no intervention, and treatment as usual. Seven studies used Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) to assess the severity of depressive symptoms, while the other five used different scales. There was no evidence of publication bias ( p = 0.325). The mobile applications reduced depression score by 0.08 units of standardized difference more than the control, with a 95% CI of −0.19 to 0.03 ( p = 0.294, I2 = 15.4%) using standardized mean difference (SMD) as the effect estimate. In a sensitivity analysis including only studies that used PHQ-9, we found a similar trend, SMD −0.72 (95%CI −1.48 to 0.03). However, both findings were not significant. Conclusions Current evidence is insufficient to support mobile applications to relieve depression symptoms in adolescents and young adults. Further trials with larger sample size are needed to confirm our findings of a positive trend. With emerging technologies and the high exposure of apps in this population, mobile applications for depression hold promise for the future of treatment and awareness of mental health disorders in this population.
Selective intra-arterial hypothermia combined with endovascular thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alturki Fahad , Alkhiri Ahmed , Alsulami Bander , Alotaibi Fawaz F. , Alamri Aser F. , AlRuhaymi Bader , Bakhuraybah Elyas M. , Al-Ajlan Fahad S. , Alhazzani Adel , Almekhlafi Mohammed A. 
Published: September 2024

Background Systemic therapeutic hypothermia may improve outcomes after acute ischemic stroke but increases complications. Selective intra-arterial hypothermia at the ischemic site during endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) theoretically offers benefits with fewer risks. However, there is little clinical evidence to support this approach. Methods We searched Medline/PubMed, Embase and Cochrane electronic databases for studies evaluating the safety and feasibility of selective intra-arterial hypothermia as an adjunct to EVT for large vessel occlusion (LVO). Effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the fixed-effect model. Odds ratios (ORs) were computed for binary variables, while the mean differences (MDs) were pooled for continuous data. Results Of identified records, five clinical studies involving 463 LVO patients (62.9% male) were included. Of those, 224 (48.4%) patients received adjuvant selective intra-arterial hypothermia, while 239 (51.6%) received EVT alone. Selective intra-arterial hypothermia resulted in higher rates of good functional outcome (modified Rankin scale [mRS] 0–2 at 90-days) (OR 2.07, [95% CI, 1.36 to 3.16]), and lower final infarct volume (MD, −20.96 ml [95% CI, −26.17 to −15.75]) and lower rates of severe disability (mRS 3–5 at 90 days) (OR 0.44 [95% CI, 0.26 to 0.75]). Safety parameters including rates of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage, mortality, pneumonia, coagulation abnormalities, and arterial spasm were comparable between groups. Conclusions The initial evidence supports the safety and feasibility of selective intra-arterial hypothermia when combined with EVT for LVO. This approach shows promise for advancing research on neuroprotective strategies for ischemic stroke.
Comprehensive study of ancient schwannoma: Exploring histomorphological diversity and diagnostic challenges
Authors: Venkataramana Chaithra Gowthuvalli , Gupta Soumya , Nayak Rakshatha , KM Sinchana , Rai Sharada , Rao Ranjitha 
Published: September 2024

Background: Ancient schwannoma is a rare subtype of schwannoma characterized by an extended duration of development and distinctive degenerative changes. These changes encompass relative loss of Antoni type A areas, perivascular hyalinization, hemorrhage, cystic necrosis, calcification, and the presence of atypical nuclei that can mimic sarcomatous pleomorphism. These histologic features often lead to diagnostic challenges, with ancient schwannomas frequently being misdiagnosed as malignant tumors. Objectives: This study aims to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the histomorphological spectrum observed in ancient schwannoma. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 248 schwannoma cases received at our tertiary health centre, spanning the years 2017 to 2023. Among these cases, 25 were identified as ancient schwannoma. Extensive examination of degenerative changes was performed using hematoxylin and eosin-stained paraffin-embedded tissue sections under light microscopy. Results: Patient ages ranged from 22 to 82 years, with a nearly equal distribution between genders (12 females and 13 males). Tumors were located in various anatomical sites including the forearm, brain, abdomen, retroperitoneum, intradural space, lumbar region, and pelvis. Tumor dimensions varied from 1.5 to 11 cm. Histologically, most cases exhibited nuclear atypia, cystic changes, hemorrhage, and siderophages, along with perivascular hyalinization, myxoid change, calcification, and xanthomatous change. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the neural origin of these tumors. Conclusion: Recognition of the diverse spectrum of secondary changes, coupled with the presence of focal areas showing paucicellular and cellular spindle cell arrangements, is crucial for the accurate diagnosis of ancient schwannoma. This study underscores the importance of histomorphological evaluation in distinguishing these benign tumors from malignant counterparts, thereby guiding appropriate clinical management strategies.
Association between hypercholesterolemia and isolated and simultaneous consumption of ultra-processed foods in older adults
Authors: Ribeiro Guilherme José Silva , Moriguchi Emilio Hideyuki , Pinto André de Araújo 
Published: September 2024

Background: Consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) is a risk factor for several cardiovascular diseases and mortality, with potential physiological mechanisms including elevated serum cholesterol levels. Objectives: To analyze the association between hypercholesterolemia and the isolated and simultaneous consumption of UPFs in older adults. Methods: This is a cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted with 1322 Brazilian older adults (mean age of 70.4 years; 55.0% females) from the state of Roraima. The data was obtained from the Department of Epidemiological Surveillance of the State of Roraima. Hypercholesterolemia was diagnosed based on nosology criteria. Food consumption patterns were assessed using a nationally standardized instrument comprising four categories of UPFs. Binary logistic regression models were employed to explore potential associations. Results: The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia was high (54.4%, 95% CI 51.7–56.6). While the simultaneous consumption of all UPFs types was lower (15.2%), over half of the older adults reported consuming at least one type of UPFs (71.8%). Isolated consumption of UPFs was associated with approximately twice the odds of hypercholesterolemia. Older adults who consumed two (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.26–2.43), three (OR 2.28, 95% CI 1.58–3.29), or all four types of UPF (OR 6.65, 95% CI 4.35–9.44) had a higher likelihood of having hypercholesterolemia. Conclusions: Isolated consumption of UPFs is a risk factor for hypercholesterolemia, which can increase up to sixfold when older adults consume multiple UPFs simultaneously. Prioritizing nutritional education and raising awareness regarding the reduction of UPFs consumption is crucial.
Factors Associated With HIV-Related Stigma Among Healthcare Providers at a University Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Pratima Wenju , Visudtibhan Poolsuk Janepanish , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin 
Published: September 2024

Background Despite advancements in HIV treatment modalities, HIV-related stigma among healthcare providers (HCPs) persists, impacting people living with HIV. Methodology A cross-sectional research design with a non-probability consecutive sampling technique was used to assess HIV-related stigma, and its association with individual characteristic, fear, and knowledge of HIV among 100 HCPs at a university hospital in Nepal. Results The average age was 29.83 years, with work experience of 84.24 months. The fear score was 14.11, and the HIV knowledge score was 36.74. The stigma reflected a moderate stance. Age ( rs = −0.22, P < .05) and work experience ( rs = −0.29, P < .01) negatively correlated with stigma, while fear positively correlated ( rs = 0.45, P < .01), and no correlation was observed with HIV knowledge. Conclusion HCPs’ age, work experience, fear, and marital status are linked to HIV-related stigma. Interventions should tailor stigma reduction strategies considering these factors.
Resident Perceptions of Simulcast Teaching: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Casas Rachel S. , Cooper Jennifer L. , Glod Susan A. , Hempel Eliana V. 
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVES During the COVID-19 pandemic, medical education programs were challenged to optimize learning while balancing social interaction with exposure risk. In response, our internal medicine (IM) residency program transitioned to “simulcast” educational sessions. In simulcast sessions, multiple small groups of learners met in person in separate rooms and connected to the large-group session via videoconferencing. This qualitative study describes IM residents’ perceptions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of learning in simulcast compared to virtual and in-person settings during the pandemic. METHODS Categorical IM residents at Penn State during the academic year 2020-2021 were invited to participate. Eligible residents participated in one 30-min virtual, semistructured focus group. We used inductive thematic coding to analyze resident responses. RESULTS Forty-eight percent ( n = 29/60) of invited residents participated in focus groups. In the simulcast setting, participants felt more accountability to participate in their small groups compared to a larger group or virtual setting. Educational experiences varied based upon facilitator skill level. Overall, in-person settings were preferred to virtual, when possible, due to increased social connection. Respondents identified educator enthusiasm and presentation quality as key to engagement regardless of setting. CONCLUSION Residents had variable responses to the simulcast setting based upon their comfort with participation by group size, desire for social connection, and perception of teaching strategies. The key identified pitfalls to simulcast teaching were resident discomfort in small groups, heterogeneous learning experience, lack of engagement, and technology challenges. These pitfalls can be mitigated through strategic distribution of learners in groups, trained facilitators, and interactive teaching modalities. Given that simulcast and mixed (simulcast, virtual, and in-person) teaching settings are here to stay postpandemic, anticipating pitfalls and creating adaptable educational content that translates in multiple settings is crucial.
A Qualitative Exploration of Refugee Experiences of Access to a Dedicated Multi-Disciplinary Refugee Health Team in an Australian Context: Implication for Future Care
Authors: White Jennifer , Young Ashley , Webber Murray , Harrison Joy , Hiscox Amy , Lush Jessica , Joo Baeho , Sherrin Janessa , Grasselli Mattias , Byles Julie 
Published: September 2024

Aims Refugees experience physical and mental health issues that need attention following settlement in a new community. However, access to and utilisation of healthcare services is challenging. We aimed to explore the experience of refugee access to a dedicated multi-disciplinary refugee health team. Methods An interpretative qualitative study. 17 qualitative interviews were conducted with Ezidi refugees who attended a newly established multi-disciplinary refugee health program in a regional town in NSW, Australia. Data were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. Results Participants ( n = 17) identified as Ezidi and were from Iraq. Parents were between 23 and 57 years of age and had 1–12 children per family. Most had been in Australia between 2 and 5 years. Four key themes were identified: (1) Identifying the extent of health needs following a long wait to migrate; (2) Health support across the life span: the benefit of access to a multi-disciplinary team; (3) Gaps in cultural competence – impacted by understanding and interpreter access; and (4) Ongoing health and lifestyle concerns – influenced by understanding and education. Conclusions We identified the benefit of access to allied health for prompt diagnosis, treatment and management of conditions including congenital and developmental conditions, mental health and chronic diseases. Access to a dedicated team ensured early intervention for a broad range of health and social issues including early referral to services, close coordination and help to complete supporting paperwork and applications. Ongoing investments are needed to maintain this comprehensive and coordinated approach to care that is underpinned by a family centric approach.
TRPM3, TRPM4, and TRPM5 as thermo-sensitive channels
Authors: Uchida Kunitoshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTemperature detection is essential for the survival and perpetuation of any species. Thermoreceptors in the skin sense body temperature as well as the temperatures of ambient air and objects. Since Dr. David Julius and his colleagues discovered that TRPV1 is expressed in small-diameter primary sensory neurons, and activated by temperatures above 42 °C, 11 of thermo-sensitive TRP channels have been identified. TRPM3 expressed in sensory neurons acts as a sensor for noxious heat. TRPM4 and TRPM5 are Ca2⁺-activated monovalent cation channels, and their activity is drastically potentiated by temperature increase. This review aims to summarize the expression patterns, electrophysiological properties, and physiological roles of TRPM3, TRPM4, and TRPM5 associated with thermosensation.