bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Hydrophilic Function Groups on the Properties of Short‐Chain Fluorocarbon Surfactants
Authors: Zhu Xinhua , Huang He , Zhang Yuqiang , Wang Hao , Li Tianhao , Jia Xuhong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractShort‐chain fluorocarbon surfactants grafted with alcohol, carboxyl and ester functional groups were prepared by quaternization with short‐chain perfluorobutyl sulfonyl fluoride as raw material. The structures of surfactants were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrum. The surface activity, micelle formation process and micelle aggregation behavior of surfactants were studied by surface tensiometer, dynamic light scattering particle size analyzer and fluorescent spectrophotometer. The results show that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants are 19.3, 7.8 and 2.2 mmol L−1, and the surface tension of the surfactant solution at CMC are as low as 17.3, 19.2 and 18.5 mN m−1, respectively. The standard Gibbs free energy (
) values of surfactants are negative, and the absolute values of
are less than the standard Gibbs adsorption energy (
), illustrating that the adsorption process is easier than the micelle formation process. In addition, the size distribution of the aggregates is much larger than that of spherical micelles, showing that the surfactant self‐assembled into larger aggregates in solution. The grafted hydrophilic functional groups show a significant effect on the performance of surfactants. The ester‐based surfactant has a lower CMC value, which has the advantages of small dosage, good economy and excellent application value.
Recent Progress in Metal‐Free Hydroacylation Reactions of Alkenes and Alkynes
Authors: Uppal Deepa , Sharma Abhilekha , Singh Surendra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present review discusses the development of new metal‐free conditions for the hydroacylation of alkenes and alkynes under both thermal and photochemical conditions from 2018, and their application to the synthesis of various bioactive molecules over the past few years. The key point highlights the remarkable progress made by metal‐free catalytic systems in comparison to the conventional metal catalysts in the hydroacylation of alkenes, alkynes, and arenes. Both inter‐ and intramolecular hydroacylation reactions and their mechanistic pathways were discussed. The most current developments in the synthesis of several natural, pharmaceutical, and heterocyclic compounds using hydroacylation reactions have also been introduced.
Azole‐Substituted Triazole Formation through Organocatalytic Cycloaddition of β‐keto Azoles and Aryl Azides
Authors: Pratap Kemant , Rawat Manish , Yadav Ravi Prakash , Kumar Atul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA highly efficient metal free regioselective approach for the synthesis of a novel azole substituted triazoles via organocatalytic [3+2] cycloaddition between β‐keto azoles and aryl azides at room temperature is reported. The proposed methodology is well tolerated with range of substituents in the β‐keto azoles and aryl azides with good to excellent yield (81–94 %) without column chromatography as purification technique under ambient reaction conditions.
Recent Developments in Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Water Purification: A Mini Review
Authors: Rana Smriti , Kumar Yogesh , Kaushik Rahul , Kumar Lalita S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHeavy metals, pharmaceuticals, microplastics, dyes, and radionuclides in wastewater increasingly threaten environmental sustainability. Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are versatile materials for mitigating these contaminants through efficient detection, capture, adsorption, and degradation. These crystalline structures, formed by combining metal ions with organic ligands, offer high surface area, tailored porosity, reproducibility, and robust chemical stability. This review compiles recent advancements in MOFs for pollutant removal, highlighting innovations in selective adsorption mechanisms for heavy metals, functionalized MOFs for pharmaceutical and microplastic removal, and enhanced photocatalytic degradation for dyes. Unique to this review is the integration of recent innovations such as ion exchange capabilities and photocatalytic degradation under visible light, addressing advanced applications that significantly enhance pollutant removal efficiency that other reviews have not covered comprehensively. The review also cites our group's recent work on a curcumin‐immobilized zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (Cmim@ZIF‐8) nanoprobe, demonstrating high selectivity for Fe2+ ions in water (detection limit: 7.64 μM) and its applicability in live‐cell imaging of HepG2 cells. Advanced techniques like density functional theory (DFT) simulations are employed to elucidate adsorption and degradation mechanisms, bridging theoretical insights with experimental findings. By critically evaluating these developments, the review identifies promising avenues for optimizing MOF design and advancing effective water treatment solutions.
Nanoporous Aramid Nanofiber Separators with High Modulus and Thermal Stability for Safe Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Shaopeng , Cheng Sha , Huang Cheng , Han Jin , Xie Jingjing , Zhang Pengchao , You Ya , Chen Wen , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeveloping high‐safety separators is a promising strategy to prevent thermal runaway in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), which stems from the low melting temperatures and inadequate modulus of commercial polyolefin separators. However, achieving high modulus and thermal stability, along with uniform nanopores in these separators, poses significant challenges. Herein, the study presents ultrathin nanoporous aramid nanofiber (ANF) separators with high modulus and excellent thermal stability, enhancing the safety of LIBs. These separators are produced using a microfluidic‐based continuous printing strategy, where the flow thickness can be meticulously controlled at the micrometer scale. This method allows for the continuous fabrication of nanoporous ANF separators with thicknesses ranging from 1.6 ± 0.1 µm to 2.7 ± 0.1 µm. Thanks to the double‐side solvent diffusion, the separators exhibit controllably uniform pore sizes with a narrow distribution, spanning from 40 ± 5 nm to 105 ± 9 nm, and a high modulus of 3.3 ± 0.5 GPa. These nanoporous ANF separators effectively inhibit lithium dendrite formation, resulting in a high‐capacity retention rate for the LIBs (80% after 240 cycles). Most notably, their robust structural and mechanical stability at elevated temperatures significantly enhances LIB safety under transient thermal abuse conditions, thus addressing critical safety concerns associated with LIBs.
Amino Group‐Aided Efficient Regeneration Targeting Structural Defects and Inactive FePO4 Phase for Degraded LiFePO4 Cathodes
Authors: Liu Yuanyuan , Tu Wenqian , Bai Jin , Wang Peiyao , Mao Yunjie , Xiao Ke , Wang Siya , Qiu Shiyu , Zhu Xuebin , Lu Wenjian , Zhao Bangchuan , Sun Yuping 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIt is urgent to develop efficient recycling methods for spent LiFePO4 cathodes to cope with the upcoming peak of power battery retirement. Compared with the traditional metallurgical recovery methods that lack satisfactory economic and environmental benefits, the direct regeneration seems to be a promising option at present. However, a simple direct lithium replenishment cannot effectively repair and regenerate the cathodes due to the serious structural damage of the spent LiFePO4. Herein, the spent LiFePO4 cathodes are directly regenerated by a thiourea‐assisted solid‐phase sintering process. The density functional theory calculation indicates that thiourea has a targeted repair effect on the antisite defects and inactive FePO4 phase in the spent cathode due to the associative priority of amino group (─NH2) in thiourea with Fe ions: Fe3+─N > Fe2+─N. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis products of thiourea can also create an optimal reducing atmosphere and inhibit the agglomeration of particles in the high temperature restoration process. The regenerated LiFePO4 exhibits an excellent electrochemical performance, which is comparable to that of commercial LiFePO4. This targeted restoration has improved the efficiency of direct regeneration, which is expected to achieve large‐scale recycling of spent LiFePO4.
Simulation‐Directed Construction of Bamboo‐Forest‐Like Heat Conduction Networks to Enhance Silicon Rubber Composites’ Heat Conduction Properties
Authors: Ding Dongliang , Wang Xu , Huang Ruoyu , Wang Zhenyu , Jiang Gaoxiao , Yu Linfeng , Nie Haitao , Zeng Xiaoliang , Tang Biao , Qin Guangzhao , Zhang Xue‐Ao , Zhang Qiuyu , Xu Jianbin , Chen Yanhui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHighly vertically thermally conductive silicon rubber (SiR) composites are widely used as thermal interface materials (TIMs) for chip cooling. Herein, inspired by water transport and transpiration of Moso bamboo‐forests extensively existing in south China, and guided by filler self‐assembly simulation, bamboo‐forest‐like heat conduction networks, with bamboo‐stems‐like vertically aligned polydopamine‐coated carbon fibers (VA‐PCFs), and bamboo‐leaves‐like horizontally layered Al2O3(HL‐Al2O3), are rationally designed and constructed. VA‐PCF/HL‐Al2O3/SiR composites demonstrated enhanced heat conduction properties, and their through‐plane thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity reached 6.47 W (mK)−1 and 3.98 mm2 s−1 at 12 vol% PCF and 4 vol% Al2O3 loadings, which are 32% and 38% higher than those of VA‐PCF (12 vol%) /SiR composites, respectively. The heat conduction enhancement mechanisms of VA‐PCF/HL‐Al2O3 networks on their SiR composites are revealed by multiscale simulation: HL‐Al2O3 bridges the separate VA‐PCF heat flow channels, and transfers more heat to the matrix, thereby increasing the vertical heat flux in composites. Along with high volume resistivity, low compression modulus, and coefficient of thermal expansion, VA‐PCF/HL‐Al2O3/SiR composites demonstrate great application potential as TIMs, which is proven using multiphysics simulation. This work not only makes a meaningful attempt at simulation‐driven biomimetic material structure design but also provides inspiration for the preparation of TIMs.
System thinking skills and their effect upon supply chain resilience: A practitioner perspective
Authors: Wilden Daniell , Hopkins John , Sadler Ian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper offers novel research investigating systems thinking skills and their effect on supply chain resilience challenges. Drawing upon positions from the systems sciences and the supply chain management literature, a survey on supply chain resilience and systems thinking skills was constructed, with the perspectives of 180 supply chain practitioners obtained. A positive correlation was identified between the variables, indicating that the presence of systems thinking skills can positively benefit practitioners when tackling the supply chain resilience challenge. The data show that resilience returned a more substantial position than systems thinking skills, with practitioners upstream being more resilient and having a greater system thinking awareness than downstream compatriots. A conceptual framework that positions systems thinking skills as an enablement for practitioners when devising supply chain resilience strategies is presented, with the new knowledge providing a more expansive array of insights that can complement extant approaches employed. Limitations of this paper relate to the skills questions being informed by a single methodology, systems dynamics, with future research being called for that represents a broader array of systems knowledge to investigate this unexplored phenomenon.
Mechanical behavior of prestressed UHPC wind turbine tower columns under combined axial compression and bending
Authors: Zhou Zheng , Zhou Xuhong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeveloping offshore wind power can effectively reduce carbon emissions, and adopting large‐capacity wind turbines is an important way to achieve cost reduction and efficiency increase. With increasing power capacity, the hub height and rotor‐nacelle assemblies (RNA) load will increase significantly. Ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) possesses ultra‐high compressive performance, good tensile, fatigue, and corrosion resistance, and thus is an effective way to further improve the mechanical performance and economic efficiency of tall offshore wind turbine (OWT) towers. Evaluation of ultimate strength is an essential aspect of design for OWT towers, and the tower structure is mainly under the combined action of axial compression from the self‐weight and RNA loads and bending from the eccentricities of RNA and aerodynamic loads from the rotor on the tower top. In this work, the mechanical behavior of prestressed UHPC wind turbine tower columns under combined axial compression and bending was numerically investigated. The finite element (FE) analyses were carried out using ABAQUS, and the material and geometric nonlinearity were considered in the model, as well as the tensile strain hardening properties of UHPC. The FE models were firstly verified by the typical experimental results of UHPC hollow columns, reinforced UHPC beams, prestressed UHPC beams, and prestressed concrete‐steel hybrid wind turbine tower model. Then the parametric study was carried out, and the parameters included the control stress and number of prestressing tendons, rib number, diameter‐to‐thickness ratio of the UHPC column, steel ratio of longitudinal reinforcement, axial load ratio, and UHPC strength. The calculation methods for flexural capacity of prestressed UHPC wind turbine tower columns were finally proposed, and were found to agree well with the modeling results.
Wave scattering in a cracked exponentially graded magnetoelectroelastic half‐plane
Authors: Rangelov Tsviatko V. , Stoynov Yonko D. , Dineva Petia S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn exponentially graded with respect to depth magnetoelectroelastic (MEE) half‐plane containing two line or curvilinear cracks under time‐harmonic SH wave is studied. The defined mechanical problem is described by boundary integral equations (BIEs) along the cracks boundaries. The computational tool based on the non‐hypersingular traction boundary integral equation method (BIEM) is developed, verified and inserted in numerical simulations. It is based on the analytically derived Green's function and free‐field wave motion solution for exponentially graded MEE half‐plane. The dependence of the generalized stress intensity factors (SIFs) on the material gradient parameters, on the dynamic load characteristics, on the cracks position and their shape, on the dynamic interaction between cracks and between them and half‐plane boundary is numerically analyzed.
Compositional Verification of Cryptographic Circuits Against Fault Injection Attacks
Authors: Tan Huiyu , Yang Xi , Song Fu , Chen Taolue , Wu Zhilin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFault injection attack is a class of active, physical attacks against cryptographic circuits. The design and implementation of countermeasures against such attacks are intricate, error-prone and laborious, necessitating formal verification to guarantee their correctness. In this paper, we propose the first compositional verification approach for round-based hardware implementations of cryptographic algorithms. Our approach decomposes a circuit into a set of single-round sub-circuits which are verified individually by either SAT/SMT- or BDD-based tools. Our approach is implemented as an open-source tool , which is evaluated extensively on realistic cryptographic circuit benchmarks. The experimental results show that our approach is significantly more effective and efficient than the state-of-the-art.
Pflegekammern – ethisches Mandat auf der politischen Ebene
Authors: Kuhn Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung Der dritte Argumentationsstrang nimmt die politische Ebene des ethischen Mandats in den Blick. Zwei Hauptargumente begründen die Errichtung einer Pflegekammer: Für die Berufsgruppe steht die professionelle Selbstverwaltung in Abkehr von der Fremdbestimmtheit im Mittelpunkt; die Länder versprechen sich eine Erhöhung der pflegerischen Versorgungssicherheit der Bevölkerung. Gegründet zur Erfüllung staatlich normierter Aufgaben und situiert im Staatsgefüge agieren Kammern politisch. Die Organisation der gesamten Berufsgruppe in einer Institution ermöglicht das effektive Einfordern, Vorantreiben, Aus- und Mitgestalten von Gesetzen und Normen. Der Professionsbaustein Ethik sichert den gesellschaftlichen Zentralwert Gesundheitsversorgung. Die professionelle Ethik ruht auf historisch gewachsenen Wertegerüsten der Pflege. Sie kontextualisieren berufsspezifische Entwicklungen und beeinflussen nach wie vor politische Initiativen. Die Versorgungssicherheit als Kernkonzept der Daseinsberechtigung von Pflegekammern verdeutlicht die Gemeinwohlorientierung des Heilberufs Pflege. Neue politische und gesetzgeberische Entwicklungen treiben die Professionalisierung voran, hierzu gehören insbesondere die dem Heilberuf Pflege vorbehaltenen Tätigkeiten und die Freiheit vor Fremdkontrolle als originäres Kammerelement. Diesem Auftrag und Anspruch gegenüber steht die psychisch, physisch und moralisch belastende Realität im Berufsalltag. Das dritte prospektive Pipeline Logic Model konturiert das ethische Mandat von Pflegekammern auf politischer Ebene. Es präzisiert die interagierende Verantwortung für die Gesundheit von Pflegefachpersonen und für den gesellschaftlichen Zentralwert der pflegerischen Versorgungssicherheit. Beide Anforderungen muss die Programmtheorie des ethischen Mandates der Pflegekammer aufnehmen.
Ethik in Pflegekammern – Programmtheorie des ethischen Mandats
Authors: Kuhn Andrea 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Situationsanalyse synthetisierte die komplexen Anforderungen, der sich eine Programmtheorie des ethischen Mandates von Pflegekammern stellen muss. Die zentralen Herausforderungen sind Unklarheiten zur Umsetzung des ethischen Mandats in den neu errichteten Pflegekammern, die Marginalisierung von pflegeethischen Bedarfen und die bisher im deutschen Gesundheitssystem kaum angenommene professionelle Verantwortung des Heilberufs Pflege. Miteinander verwoben sind fachliche und ethische sowie politische und rechtliche Dimensionen des professionellen Pflegehandelns und der beeinflussenden Faktoren. Die Antworten auf die Frage nach der passenden Programmtheorie führt ein Variablenmodell zusammen. Die daraus entwickelte Programmtheorie des ethischen Mandats in Pflegekammern setzt sich zusammen aus einer partizipativ ausgerichteten Theory of Change und einer gesundheitssystemisch ausgerichteten Theory of Action zur Unterstützung der psychischen, physischen und moralischen Gesundheit der Profession Pflege zum Wohle der Bevölkerung. Um beide Ebenen für die Profession Pflege gut fassen zu können, wurde eine orthogonale careethische Metatheorie integriert, die die Dimensionen von Pflege und Politik zusammenbringt und pflegeethisch fundiert. So können die Herausforderungen des ethischen Mandates von Pflegekammern angenommen und in zielgerichtete, nachhaltige Interventionen überführt werden.
Structural, optical and mechanical properties of Cr doped β-Ga2O3 single crystals
Authors: Vijayakumar P. , Ganesan K. , Sarguna R. M. , Amaladass Edward Prabu , Suganya M. , Ramaseshan R. , Sen Sujoy , Ganesamoorthy S. , Ramasamy P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUndoped and Cr doped β-Ga2O3 (100) single crystals are grown by optical floating zone method. The full width at half maximum of rocking curve is found to be 106 arc.sec for undoped ﻿β-Ga2O3 crystals whereas the 100 and 200 ppm of Cr doped ﻿β-Ga2O3 crystals display multiple rocking curves with large peak widths indicating the presence of structural defects. Raman measurements reveal broadening in the vibrational mode of ~ 350 cm− 1 with a shoulder peak indicating the Cr3+ dopants preferentially substitute for Ga3+ at the octahedral sites. Further, the Cr doped ﻿β-Ga2O3 crystals display strong optical absorption bands about 420 and 597 nm in the UV-Vis spectroscopy. Moreover, the observation of sharp characteristic photoluminescence emission lines at 690 and 697 nm also confirms the Cr substitution in the doped crystals. The indentation hardness increases nearly linear from 13.0 ± 0.6 to 17.9 ± 0.4 GPa whilst the indentation modulus decreases from 224.9 ± 21.4 to 202.4 ± 11.9 GPa upon Cr doping of 200 ppm in β-Ga2O3. The structural defects caused by the Cr doping interrupt the movement of indentation induced dislocations that results in the increase of hardness of the Cr doped β-Ga2O3 (100) single crystals.
A Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard model with leverage in Hilbert space for commodity forward markets
Authors: Benth Fred Espen , Sgarra Carlo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe propose an extension of the model introduced by Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard, based on stochastic processes of Ornstein–Uhlenbeck type taking values in Hilbert spaces and including the leverage effect. We compute explicitly the characteristic function of the log-return and the volatility processes. By introducing a measure change of Esscher type, we provide a relation between the dynamics described with respect to the historical and the risk-neutral measures. We discuss in detail the application of the proposed model to describe the commodity forward curve dynamics in a Heath–Jarrow–Morton framework, including the modelling of forwards with delivery period occurring in energy markets and the pricing of options. For the latter, we show that a Fourier approach can be applied in this infinite-dimensional setting, relying on the attractive property of conditional Gaussianity of our stochastic volatility model. In our analysis, we study both arithmetic and geometric models of forward prices and provide appropriate martingale conditions in order to ensure arbitrage-free dynamics.
Freeze drying microencapsulation using whey protein, maltodextrin and corn powder improved survivability of probiotics during storage
Authors: Poopan Benjamaporn , Kasorn Anongnard , Puttarat Narathip , Kasemwong Kittiwut , Pachekrepapol Ulisa , Taweechotipatr Malai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Various studies demonstrated that probiotics play important roles in maintaining the balance of microorganisms in the body. Some strains produce bile salt hydrolase enzyme (BSH), which is an indirect mechanism for lowering cholesterol. BSH-producing probiotics as a supplement might be an alternative way to help reducing cholesterol in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different microcapsule formulations with selected vegetable powders on growth characteristics of 3 Thai probiotic strains, Lactobacillus gasseri TM1, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus TM7, and L. rhamnosus TM14. Probiotics were cultured in MRS broth supplemented with 5 vegetable powders. Corn powder significantly increased growth rate of probiotics from 109 to 1012 CFU/ml. Therefore, different microcapsule formulations by Maillard reaction of whey protein isolate and maltodextrin mixed with and without corn powder were studied. The results showed that probiotic microcapsules formulated with corn powder significantly effectively sustained probiotic viability under gastrointestinal and storage conditions.