bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CMOS image sensor with lateral electric field modulation pixels for fluorescence lifetime imaging with sub-nanosecond time response
Authors: Li Zhuo , Seo Min-Woong , Kagawa Keiichiro , Yasutomi Keita , Kawahito Shoji 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This paper presents the design and implementation of a time-resolved CMOS image sensor with a high-speed lateral electric field modulation (LEFM) gating structure for time domain fluorescence lifetime measurement. Time-windowed signal charge can be transferred from a pinned photodiode (PPD) to a pinned storage diode (PSD) by turning on a pair of transfer gates, which are situated beside the channel. Unwanted signal charge can be drained from the PPD to the drain by turning on another pair of gates. The pixel array contains 512 (V) × 310 (H) pixels with 5.6 × 5.6 µm2 pixel size. The imager chip was fabricated using 0.11 µm CMOS image sensor process technology. The prototype sensor has a time response of 150 ps at 374 nm. The fill factor of the pixels is 5.6%. The usefulness of the prototype sensor is demonstrated for fluorescence lifetime imaging through simulation and measurement results.
Axial strain effects on ballistic phonon thermal transport in silicon nanowires
Authors: Hattori Junichi , Poborchii Vladimir , Tada Tetsuya 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We study the effects of axial strain on phonon thermal transport in silicon nanowires (Si NWs). The thermal conductance of strained Si NWs in the ballistic regime is evaluated with the phonon dispersion relation derived through an atomistic approach. Compressive strain increases the ballistic thermal conductance of [100]-oriented Si NWs having a square cross section with a side length of about 3 nm. In contrast, tensile strain reduces it. These strain effects mainly result from two factors: a change in the phonon energy per unit length of a NW directly due to the length change of the NW, and a change in the phonon group velocity. We also investigate the relationships of the strain effects with the wire size, surface orientation, and wire orientation. Among the three factors, the wire orientation has the most significant effect on the strain effects.
Late capitalism
Authors: Smart Barry 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

The term
capitalism
has its roots in the nineteenth century and received its most influential analytic clarification in the respective works of Karl Marx (1818–1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820–1895). Karl Marx, in a series of analyses, some in collaboration with Engels, delineated the distinctive features of capitalism as a mode of production and provided a powerful analysis of its logic and an influential critique of its social and economic consequences. Capitalism is an economic system that has “transformation” in its DNA, it is constantly mutating and changing, perpetually in the process of becoming a form of economic life for which a “steady state” is anathema. As Marx and Engels succinctly note in
The Communist Manifesto
, capitalism is “constantly revolutionizing the instruments of production, and thereby the relations of production, and with them the whole relations of society.”
Marine pollution
Authors: Burns Thomas J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMarine pollution refers to a disruption to the natural ecology of water systems, particularly oceans, as a direct or indirect result of human activity. While some pollution is caused by directly identifiable sources, such as an oil spill, the preponderance of marine pollution is a “nonpoint source,” or stemming from a variety of possible diffuse causes. By‐products of extensive agriculture such as herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers, silt, and erosion runoff from human land‐based activities constitute major causes of marine pollution. Groundwater contamination from hydraulic fracturing (“fracking”) and improperly treated sewage that eventually runs into the ocean constitute significant sources as well. Addressing the problem will likely require cooperation across traditional political boundaries. In addition, the adoption of the precautionary principle offers hope for addressing the problems at a number of different levels of analysis.
The value of primary vascular stents in management of early portal vein stenosis after liver transplantation
Authors: Chang Wen‐Tsan , Kuo Yu‐Ting , Lee King‐Teh , Shih Ming‐Chen , Huang Jian‐Wei , Su Wen‐Lung , Chen Chau‐Yun , Huang Yu‐Ling , Wang Shen‐Nien , Chuang Shih‐Chang , Kuo Kung‐Kai , Chen Jong‐Shyone 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIf portal vein stenosis (PVS) occurs within 1 month after liver transplantation (LT), especially within 1 week, it can be catastrophic and result in rapid loss of the grafts and mortality. Although surgical treatments have been considered standard treatment for PVS, patients are usually unable to receive operations or re‐transplantations, because of their critical conditions and a shortage of grafts. Recently, primary percutaneous transhepatic portal vein stents (PTPS) were suggested as alternative and less‐invasive treatments of PVS. However, because lethal complications may follow these primary stent placements for patients in early stages after LT, primary PTPS placements for patients suffering PVS 1 month after LT has been suggested. From November 2009 to July 2015, 38 consecutive adult patients underwent LT at our institution. Among them, six recipients suffered PVS within 1 month after LT. Technical success was achieved in all six patients. Clinical success was obtained in two of the four patients suffering PVS within 1 week after LT, and in the other two patients suffering PVS > 1 week after LT. All surviving patients and their grafts were in good condition, and their stents remained patent. Our experience showed that primary PTPS placements can be used to effectively treat patients with PVS encountered within 1 month, and even within 1 week, after LT with acceptable short‐term results. However, possible fatal complications should be kept in mind. Long‐term results of these procedures need further follow‐up.
Tides on Jupiter's moon Ganymede and their relation to its internal structure
Authors: Jara-Orué H.M. , Vermeersen B.L.A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOne of the major scientific objectives of ESA's JUICE (JUpiter ICy moons Explorer) mission, which is scheduled for launch in 2022 and planned to arrive at the Jovian system in 2030, is to characterise the internal water ocean and overlying ice shell of Jupiter's largest moon Ganymede. As part of the strategy developed to realise this objective, the tidal response of Ganymede's interior will be constrained by JUICE's measurements of surface displacements (by the Ganymede Laser Altimeter (GALA) instrument) and variations in the gravitational potential (by the 3GM radio science package) due to the acting diurnal tides. Here we calculate the tidal response at the surface of Ganymede for several plausible internal configurations in order to analyse the relation between the tidal response and the geophysical parameters that characterise Ganymede's interior. Similarly to the case of Jupiter's smallest icy satellite Europa, the tidal response of Ganymede in the presence of a subsurface ocean, which could be as large as about 3.5 m in terms of the induced radial deformation, mostly depends on the structural (thickness, density) and rheological (rigidity, viscosity) properties of the ice-I shell. Nevertheless, the dependence of the tidal response on several geophysical parameters of the interior, in particular on the thickness and rigidity of the ice-I shell, does not allow for the unambiguous determination of the shell thickness from tidal measurements alone. Additional constraints could be provided by the measurement of forced longitudinal librations at the surface, as their amplitude is more sensitive to the rigidity than to the thickness of the shell.
Heredity, evolution and development in their (epistemic) environment at the turn of the nineteenth century
Authors: Colonna Federica Turriziani 
Published: March 2016

During the early 1870s a young zoologist who worked as a Privatdozent delivering lectures at different Prussian universities invested much of his family wealth and solicited his fellows' contributions to establish a research facility by the sea. The young zoologist happened to be called Anton Dohrn. From the time it opened its doors, the Anton Dohrn Zoological Station – or Naples Zoological Station, as it was originally called – played a crucial role in shaping life sciences as it facilitated research aimed at explaining the mechanics of inheritance. During the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first decades of the twentieth, zoologists attempted to explain how evolutionary changes occur within a population and become stabilized. In so doing, they looked at developmental processes as well as environmental pressure, coming up with different hypotheses to explain inheritance. In some cases, their research was highly speculative, whereas in other cases they conducted cytological observations to identify the material basis of heredity. Research on evolution and development has been carried out in different places, and zoological stations like the one in Naples have played a major role in this story. However, numerous biological institutions active at the turn of the twentieth century have not received much attention from historians.
Contribution of indigenous foods towards nutrient intakes and nutritional status of women in the Santhal tribal community of Jharkhand, India
Authors: Ghosh-Jerath Suparna , Singh Archna , Magsumbol Melina S , Lyngdoh Tanica , Kamboj Preeti , Goldberg Gail 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe indigenous food environment, dietary intake and nutritional status of women in the Santhal tribal community of Jharkhand were assessed. Contribution of indigenous foods to nutritional status and nutrient intakes was explored.DesignExploratory cross-sectional study with a longitudinal dietary intake assessment component. Household and dietary surveys were conducted to elicit information on socio-economic and demographic profile and food consumption patterns at household level. A 24 h dietary recall for two consecutive days (repeat surveys in two more seasons) and anthropometric assessments were carried out on one woman per household.SettingHouseholds (n 151) with at least one woman of reproductive age in four villages of Godda district of Jharkhand, India.SubjectsWomen aged 15–49 years.ResultsAlmost all households owned agricultural land and grew fruits and vegetables in backyards for household consumption. A wide variety of indigenous foods were reported but dietary recalls revealed low intake. Women consumed adequate energy and protein but micronutrient intake was inadequate (less than 66 % of recommended) in the majority (more than 50 %) for Ca, Fe, vitamin B2, folate and vitamin B12. Women consuming indigenous foods in the past 2 d had significantly higher intakes of Ca (P=0·008) and Fe (P=0·010) than those who did not. Varying degrees of underweight were observed in 50 % of women with no significant association between underweight and consumption of indigenous foods.ConclusionsPromotion of preferential cultivation of nutrient-dense indigenous food sources and effective nutrition education on their importance may facilitate better micronutrient intakes among women in Santhal community of Jharkhand.
No-Cost and Low-Cost Ways to Monitor U.S. Legal Information
Authors: Shea Alison 
Published: March 2016

AbstractKeeping up-to-date with available resources in the legal information field is often a daunting task; patrons in all sectors continue to demand the most accurate and cost-effective information. Beyond the ever-increasing number of resources that librarians must keep track of in their own jurisdiction, there are an equal number of developments in other jurisdictions which add additional challenges. These new resources, in addition to the unique quirks encountered when researching the law in a different jurisdiction, can make for a challenging task, as Alison Shea explains.
Self-Organizing Maps-based ocean currents forecasting system
Authors: Vilibić Ivica , Šepić Jadranka , Mihanović Hrvoje , Kalinić Hrvoje , Cosoli Simone , Janeković Ivica , Žagar Nedjeljka , Jesenko Blaž , Tudor Martina , Dadić Vlado , Ivanković Damir 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn ocean surface currents forecasting system, based on a Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) neural network algorithm, high-frequency (HF) ocean radar measurements and numerical weather prediction (NWP) products, has been developed for a coastal area of the northern Adriatic and compared with operational ROMS-derived surface currents. The two systems differ significantly in architecture and algorithms, being based on either unsupervised learning techniques or ocean physics. To compare performance of the two methods, their forecasting skills were tested on independent datasets. The SOM-based forecasting system has a slightly better forecasting skill, especially during strong wind conditions, with potential for further improvement when data sets of higher quality and longer duration are used for training.
Phonon Transport at Crystalline Si/Ge Interfaces: The Role of Interfacial Modes of Vibration
Authors: Gordiz Kiarash , Henry Asegun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe studied the modal contributions to heat conduction at crystalline Si and crystalline Ge interfaces and found that more than 15% of the interface conductance arises from less than 0.1% of the modes in the structure. Using the recently developed interface conductance modal analysis (ICMA) method along with a new complimentary methodology, we mapped the correlations between modes, which revealed that a small group of interfacial modes, which exist between 12–13 THz, exhibit extremely strong correlation with other modes in the system. It is found that these interfacial modes (e.g., modes with large eigen vectors for interfacial atoms) are enabled by the degree of anharmonicity near the interface, which is higher than in the bulk and therefore allows this small group of modes to couple to all others. The analysis sheds light on the nature of localized vibrations at interfaces and can be enlightening for other investigations of localization.
Improved Production of Active Streptomyces griseus Trypsin with a Novel Auto-Catalyzed Strategy
Authors: Zhang Yunfeng , Ling Zhenmin , Du Guocheng , Chen Jian , Kang Zhen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractN-terminal sequences play crucial roles in regulating expression, translation, activation and enzymatic properties of proteins. To reduce cell toxicity of intracellular trypsin and increase secretory expression, we developed a novel auto-catalyzed strategy to produce recombinant trypsin by engineering the N-terminus of mature Streptomyces griseus trypsin (SGT). The engineered N-terminal peptide of SGT was composed of the thioredoxin, glycine-serine linker, His6-tag and the partial bovine trypsinogen pro-peptide (DDDDK). Furthermore, we constructed a variant TLEI with insertion of the artificial peptide at N-terminus and site-directed mutagenesis of the autolysis residue R145. In fed-batch fermentation, the production of extracellular trypsin activity was significantly improved to 47.4 ± 1.2 U·ml−1 (amidase activity, 8532 ± 142.2 U·ml−1 BAEE activity) with a productivity of 0.49 U·ml−1·h−1, which was 329% greater than that of parent strain Pichia pastoris GS115-SGT. This work has significant potential to be scaled-up for microbial production of SGT. In addition, the N-terminal peptide engineering strategy can be extended to improve heterologous expression of other toxic enzymes.
Comparison of fitness traits and their plasticity on multiple plants for Sitobion avenae infected and cured of a secondary endosymbiont
Authors: Da Wang  , Shi Xiaoqin , Dai Peng , Liu Deguang , Dai Xinjia , Shang Zheming , Ge Zhaohong , Meng Xiuxiang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRegiella insecticola has been found to enhance the performance of host aphids on certain plants, but its functional role in adaptation of host aphids to plants is still controversial. Here we evaluate the impacts of R. insecticola infections on vital life-history traits of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), and their underlying genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity on three plants. It was shown that effects of R. insecticola on S. avenae’s fitness (i.e., developmental time and fecundity) were neutral on oat or wheat, but negative on rye. Infections of R. insecticola modified genetic variation that underlies S. avenae’s life-history traits. This was demonstrated by comparing life-history trait heritabilities between aphid lines with and without R. insecticola. Moreover, there were enhanced negative genetic correlations between developmental time and fecundity for R. insecticola infected lines, and structural differences in G-matrices of life-history traits for the two types of aphid lines. In R. insecticola-infected aphid lines, there were increases in plasticities for developmental times of first and second instar nymphs and for fecundity, showing novel functional roles of bacterial symbionts in plant-insect interactions. The identified effects of R. insecticola infections could have significant implications for the ecology and evolution of its host populations in natural conditions.
C9orf72 ablation causes immune dysregulation characterized by leukocyte expansion, autoantibody production and glomerulonephropathy in mice
Authors: Atanasio Amanda , Decman Vilma , White Derek , Ramos Meg , Ikiz Burcin , Lee Hoi-Ching , Siao Chia-Jen , Brydges Susannah , LaRosa Elizabeth , Bai Yu , Fury Wen , Burfeind Patricia , Zamfirova Ralica , Warshaw Gregg , Orengo Jamie , Oyejide Adelekan , Fralish Michael , Auerbach Wojtek , Poueymirou William , Freudenberg Jan , Gong Guochun , Zambrowicz Brian , Valenzuela David , Yancopoulos George , Murphy Andrew , Thurston Gavin , Lai Ka-Man Venus 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe expansion of a hexanucleotide (GGGGCC) repeat inC9ORF72is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Both the function of C9ORF72 and the mechanism by which the repeat expansion drives neuropathology are unknown. To examine whether C9ORF72 haploinsufficiency induces neurological disease, we created a C9orf72-deficient mouse line. Null mice developed a robust immune phenotype characterized by myeloid expansion, T cell activation and increased plasma cells. Mice also presented with elevated autoantibodies and evidence of immune-mediated glomerulonephropathy. Collectively, our data suggest that C9orf72 regulates immune homeostasis and an autoimmune response reminiscent of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) occurs in its absence. We further imply that haploinsufficiency is unlikely to be the causative factor in C9ALS/FTD pathology.
P2X7 Receptor Suppression Preserves Blood-Brain Barrier through Inhibiting RhoA Activation after Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Rats
Authors: Zhao Hengli , Zhang Xuan , Dai Zhiqiang , Feng Yang , Li Qiang , Zhang John H. , Liu Xin , Chen Yujie , Feng Hua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBlockading P2X7 receptor(P2X7R) provides neuroprotection toward various neurological disorders, including stroke, traumatic brain injury and subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, whether and how P2X7 receptor suppression protects blood-brain barrier(BBB) after intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) remains unexplored. In present study, intrastriatal autologous-blood injection was used to mimic ICH in rats. Selective P2X7R inhibitor A438079, P2X7R agonist BzATP and P2X7R siRNA were administrated to evaluate the effects of P2X7R suppression. Selective RhoA inhibitor C3 transferase was administered to clarify the involvement of RhoA. Post-assessments, including neurological deficits, Fluoro-Jade C staining, brain edema, Evans blue extravasation and fluorescence, western blot, RhoA activity assay and immunohistochemistry were performed. Then the key results were verified in collagenase induced ICH model. We found that endogenous P2X7R increased at 3 hrs after ICH with peak at 24 hrs, then returned to normal at 72 hrs after ICH. Enhanced immunoreactivity was observed on the neurovascular structure around hematoma at 24 hrs after ICH, along with perivascular astrocytes and endothelial cells. Both A438079 and P2X7R siRNA alleviated neurological deficits, brain edema and BBB disruption after ICH, in association with RhoA activation and down-regulated endothelial junction proteins. However, BzATP abolished those effects. In addition, C3 transferase reduced brain injury and increased endothelial junction proteins’ expression after ICH. These data indicated P2X7R suppression could preserve BBB integrity after ICH through inhibiting RhoA activation.
Realization of magnetostructural coupling by modifying structural transitions in MnNiSi-CoNiGe system with a wide Curie-temperature window
Authors: Liu Jun , Gong Yuanyuan , Xu Guizhou , Peng Guo , Shah Ishfaq Ahmad , ul Hassan Najam , Xu Feng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe magnetostructural coupling between structural and magnetic transitions leads to magneto-multifunctionalities of phase-transition alloys. Due to the increasing demands of multifunctional applications, to search for the new materials with tunable magnetostructural transformations in a large operating temperature range is important. In this work, we demonstrate that by chemically alloying MnNiSi with CoNiGe, the structural transformation temperature of MnNiSi (1200 K) is remarkably decreased by almost 1000 K. A tunable magnetostructural transformation between the paramagnetic hexagonal and ferromagnetic orthorhombic phase over a wide temperature window from 425 to 125 K is realized in (MnNiSi)1−x(CoNiGe)x system. The magnetic-field-induced magnetostructural transformation is accompanied by the high-performance magnetocaloric effect, proving that MnNiSi-CoNiGe system is a promising candidate for magnetic cooling refrigerant.
Application of modular multilevel converter in medium voltage high power permanent magnet synchronous generator wind energy conversion systems
Authors: Wang Mian , Hu Yaowei , Zhao Wenjian , Wang Yue , Chen Guozhu 
Published: March 2016

Traditional low voltage high power wind energy conversion system (WECS) requires heavy cables and large step‐up grid interfacing transformers. In recent years, power rating of offshore wind turbines already exceeds 10 MW, and medium voltage (MV) converters have become strongly demanded. Modular multilevel converter (MMC) is suitable for MV high power applications. However, there are two technical difficulties for MMC when applied in MV permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) WECS. The first one is the large sub module (SM) voltage fluctuation caused by low frequency and high amplitude PMSG phase current. The other one is the low voltage ride through (LVRT) problem. Overall control strategy based on carrier‐phase‐shifted ‐sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique of the MMC WECS is proposed. For the first difficulty mentioned, a second‐order circulating current injection method based on closed‐loop control is proposed. For the LVRT problem, a distributed braking chopper solution is provided. The effectiveness of the injection method and the distributed braking chopper solution are validated by simulation of a 5 MW/3.3 kV MMC WECS. Influences of the current injection amplitude on SM voltages and arm currents are discussed and a trade‐off method is given to optimise system design, which is also verified by simulation.
Exploring the surfaceome of Ewing sarcoma identifies a new and unique therapeutic target
Authors: Town Jennifer , Pais Helio , Harrison Sally , Stead Lucy F. , Bataille Carole , Bunjobpol Wilawan , Zhang Jing , Rabbitts Terence H. 
Published: March 2016

Significance
By investigating cell surface proteins of Ewing sarcoma we have identified an antigen that is uniquely expressed on these tumor cells compared with mesenchymal stem cells. This protein acts as a target for antibody drug conjugates that are internalized and can kill these tumor cells, presaging translating to clinical use in treating Ewing sarcoma, especially metastatic disease.