bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smokeless Tobacco-associated Lesions: A Mobile Health Approach
Authors: Praveen BN , Shubhasini AR , Bhanushree R , Desai Rani , Bajaj Suchitra , Shubha G , Keerthi G , Tiwari Vidya , Patrick Sanjana , Shetty Sujit , Nagabhushan Vidya , Kankanala Sandeep , Shah Shreyas 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAimGlobally, India accounts for the highest number of oral cancer cases. The survival rates are about 30% lower than those in developing countries. The main reason for these dismal figures is the late presentation of patients. In order to downstage oral cancer in such a scenario, screening and diagnosis at an early stage is warranted. A pragmatic approach is needed for an oral cancer screening program, hence a mobile health (mHealth) approach was used. In this approach, health workers were empowered with mobile phones with decision-based algorithm. Risk stratification of tobacco habit enables us to identify lesions associated with particular habits.Materials and methodsA specific cohort of factory employees who predominantly had pure tobacco chewing habit was chosen to examine the effect of pure tobacco on oral mucosa. One thousand three hundred and fifty-seven subjects were screened in two phases. In the first phase, habits and oral lesions were identified and photographed. The photographs were remotely diagnosed by an oral medicine specialist and those subjects requiring biopsy were recalled for phase II. Cytology and biopsy were performed in phase II.ResultsThe predominant habit was smokeless tobacco (SLT), in 582 subjects. The most commonly encountered lesion was tobacco pouch keratosis seen in 397 subjects. Biopsy was performed for 71 subjects, most cases showed hyperkeratosis and mild dysplasia. One subject had moderate dysplasia.ConclusionThere was minimal alteration of tissues in our study subjects, which can be considered as low-risk. Use of mHealth empowered frontline healthcare workers to identify subjects with lesions and enabled remote diagnosis by specialist in resource-constrained settings.Clinical significanceUse of mHealth enabled us have an electronic record of subject details. This data shall be used for a planned follow-up of the same cohort after 3 years.How to cite this articleDesai R, Birur P, Bajaj S, Shubhasini AR, Bhanushree R, Shubha G, Keerthi G, Tiwari V, Patrick S, Hegde U, Shetty S, Nagabhushan V, Kankanala S, Shah S. Smokeless Tobacco-associated Lesions: A Mobile Health Approach. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(10):813-818.
An Analysis of the Stress induced in the Periodontal Ligament during Extrusion and Rotation Movements— Part II: A Comparison of Linear vs Nonlinear FEM Study
Authors: Raghuveer HP , Hemanth M , Rani MS , Hegde Chathura , Vedavathi B , Chaithra D 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Background
Optimal orthodontic forces are those which stimulate tooth movement with minimal biological trauma to the tooth, periodontal ligament (PDL) during and alveolar bone. Among various types of tooth movements, extrusion and rotational movements are seen to be associated with the least amount of root resorption and have not been studied in detail. The mechanical behavior of the PDL is known to be nonlinear elastic and thus a nonlinear simulation of the PDL provides precision to the calculated stress values. Therefore in this study, the stress patterns in the PDL were evaluated with extrusion and rotational movements using the nonlinear finite element method (FEM).

Materials and methods
A three-dimensional (3D) FEM model of the maxillary incisors was generated using SOLIDWORKS modelling software. Stresses in the PDL were evaluated with extrusive and rotational movements by a 3D FEM using ANSYS software with nonlinear material properties.

Results
It was observed that with the application of extrusive load, the tensile stresses were seen at the apex whereas the compressive stress was distributed at the cervical margin. With the application of rotational movements, maximum compressi vstress was distributed at the apex and cervical third whereas the tensile stress was distributed on cervical third of the PDL on the lingual surface.

Conclusion
For rotational and extrusion movements, stress values over the periodontal ligament was within the range of optimal stress value as proposed by Lee, with a given force system by Proffit as optimum forces for orthodontic tooth movement using nonlinear properties. During rotation there are stresses concentrated at the apex, hence due to the concentration of the compressive forces at the apex a clinician must avoid placing heavy stresses during tooth movement.

How to cite this article
Hemanth M, Raghuveer HP, Rani MS, Hegde C, Kabbur KJ, Chaithra D, Vedavathi B. An Analysis of the Stress Induced in the Periodontal Ligament during Extrusion and Rotation Movements—Part II: A Comparison of vs Nonlinear FEM Linear Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16(10):819-823.
Nickel-Titanium Single-file System in Endodontics
Authors: Dagna Alberto 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
This work describes clinical cases treated with a innovative single-use and single-file nickel-titanium (NiTi) system used in continuous rotation.

Background
Nickel-titanium files are commonly used for root canal treatment but they tend to break because of bending stresses and torsional stresses. Today new instruments used only for one treatment have been introduced. They help the clinician to make the root canal shaping easier and safer because they do not require sterilization and after use have to be discarded. A new sterile instrument is used for each treatment in order to reduce the possibility of fracture inside the canal. The new One Shape NiTi single-file instrument belongs to this group.

Case description
One Shape is used for complete shaping of root canal after an adequate preflaring. Its protocol is simple and some clinical cases are presented. It is helpful for easy cases and reliable for difficult canals.

Conclusion
After 2 years of clinical practice, One Shape seems to be helpful for the treatment of most of the root canals, with low risk of separation. After each treatment, the instrument is discarded and not sterilized in autoclave or re-used.

Clinical significance
This single-use file simplifies the endodontic therapy, because only one instrument is required for canal shaping of many cases. The respect of clinical protocol guarantees predictable good results.

How to cite this article
Dagna A. Nickel-Titanium Single-file System in Endodontics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(10): 834-839.
Evaluation of Fungicides Applied Via Drip Irrigation for Control of Silver Scurf on Potato in Western Washington
Authors: D. W. McMoran , S. J. Buller 
Published: November 2015

Silver scurf is an economically important disease on potato tubers caused by Helminthosporium solani. Two studies were established near Mount Vernon, WA at Washington State University NWREC on 20 May 2011 and 21 May 2012 in Skagit silt loam soil. Five treatments included: penthiopyrad applied at 45 days after planting (dap), penthiopyrad applied at 60 dap, azoxystrobin (Quadris; 9 oz/acre) applied at 45 dap, and azoxystrobin applied at 60 dap, and a non-treated non-irrigated control. This study did not control for the effect of irrigation, as azoxystrobin- and penthiopyrad-treated plots were drip-irrigated while non-treated plots were not irrigated. The results of this study are therefore limited but do suggest a reduction in silver scurf incidence and severity with no significant impact on yield of potatoes when treated fungicide applied through drip irrigation systems.
Interleukin-17 and its Correlation with Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in Ocular Surface Pathologies: A Histologic Study
Authors: Jabarin Basel , Solomon Abraham , Amer Radgonde 
Published: November 2015

Purpose Interleukin-17 (IL-17), a cytokine that was recently associated with various inflammatory processes, was evaluated in ocular surface inflammatory pathologies, namely pterygium and inflamed juvenile conjunctival nevus (IJCN). Its expression was examined in correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Methods Expression of IL-17 and VEGF was immunohistochemically evaluated in 50 pterygia and 9 IJCN specimens. The pattern of IL-17 and VEGF expression was studied as well as the correlation between the 2 cytokines. Results Interleukin-17 was expressed in all IJCN samples and in 84% of pterygia (Fisher exact test, p<0.002). In pterygium, it was expressed mainly in the basal layer of the epithelial cells, in the perivascular tissues, and in the vascular endothelial cells. In IJCN, it was mainly expressed in the inflammatory infiltrate. In normal conjunctival epithelium, it was barely detected and was positive in only 11%. Vascular endothelial growth factor was expressed in all IJCN samples and in 92% of pterygia (Fisher exact test, p<0.002). It was expressed in the surface epithelial layers of the pterygium and in the vascular endothelium. In IJCN, it was again seen in the vascular endothelial cells and in the inflammatory infiltrate. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression was noted in 67% of normal conjunctival sections. Conclusions The present study describes the expression of IL-17 in pterygium and in IJCN. These findings provide new insights into pterygium and IJCN pathogenesis. Interleukin-17 blockade may have a potential role in management of pterygium and IJCN or preventing pterygium recurrence.
Roughness and Microhardness of Composites after Different Bleaching Techniques
Authors: Leal Andreia , Paula Anabela , Ramalho Amílcar , Esteves Miguel , Ferreira Manuel Marques , Carrilho Eunice 
Published: November 2015

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the roughness and microhardness of SonicFill™ (Kerr), and compare it with Filtek™ Supreme XTE (3M ESPE) after 2 bleaching regimens. Methods Sixty cylindrical specimens (10 × 2 mm) of each of the 2 composites were prepared and divided into 6 groups (n = 20): groups 1, 2: no treatment; groups 3, 4: 10% carbamide peroxide (CP); and groups 5, 6: 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) plus LED. After treatments, specimens were thermocycled (500 cycles, 5°C/55°C, dwell time 30 minutes). A mechanical roughness tester was employed to measure the surface roughness parameters and the Vickers test to measure microhardness. One-way ANOVA, Tukey and Bonferroni methods with a significance level of 5% were used for the statistical analysis. Results For SonicFill™, there was no statistically significant difference in microhardness between the control group (no. 1) and the bleached groups (nos. 3, 5), but there was difference between CP and HP treatments; for Filtek™ Supreme XTE, there was no significant difference in microhardness among all groups. There was no significant difference in average roughness (Ra) and the root mean square of the roughness (Rq) among all groups. The mean roughness depth (Rz) parameter showed no statistically significant differences among all groups for SonicFill™, but in Filtek™ Supreme XTE, there was a significant increase between control and bleaching treatments; roughness skewness (Rsk) showed no statistically significant differences among all groups for SonicFill™ and Filtek™ Supreme XTE, except for nos. 2 and 4, where the Rsk increased with CP. Conclusions The microhardness of Filtek™ Supreme XTE is less affected by bleaching than that of SonicFill™. Both bleaching treatments affect Rz in Filtek™ Supreme XTE in contrast to SonicFill™, but only the CP treatment affects the Rsk of Filtek™ Supreme XTE, with no significant effect of SonicFill™.
Telomerase Activity as a Marker for Differential Diagnosis of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gu Huajian , Xin Xiaoyan , Pan Yaozhen , Zhang Hong , Tian She , Sun Chengyi 
Published: November 2015

Background Studies evaluating the role of telomerase activity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma are inconsistent and a systemic review of the available literature may shed new light on this issue. Objective To systematically review the usefulness of telomerase activity in distinguishing pancreatic cancer from other pancreatic diseases. Methods A comprehensive search of the PubMed and Embase databases was conducted to identify eligible studies. Only studies evaluating telomerase activity in patients with suspected or previously diagnosed pancreatic adenocarcinomas versus nonpancreatic adenocarcinomas and published in English with a sufficient number of cases were included. The hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model was used to establish the potential value of telomerase activity in the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Results A total of 19 studies qualified for this meta-analysis. In distinguishing pancreatic adenocarcinoma from benign diseases, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of telomerase activity were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.68-0.90) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.93-0.98), respectively; the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 126.62 (95% CI, 49.94-320.99); beta was −1.16 (95% CI, −3.62-1.29), Z was −0.93, p was 0.35>0.1, and lambda was 6.86 (95% CI, 1.01-12.70). In distinguishing pancreatic adenocarcinoma from chronic pancreatitis, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of telomerase activity were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.61-0.88) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.91-0.99), respectively; DOR was 117.28 (95% CI, 32.25-426.53); beta was −0.38 (95% CI, −1.89-1.13), Z was −0.49, p was 0.62>0.1, and lambda was 5.30 (95% CI, 3.37-7.24). Conclusions The present meta-analysis demonstrates that telomerase activity could be a useful biomarker for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and benign pancreatic diseases.
Rare Complication after a Transrectal Ultrasound Guided Prostate Biopsy: A Giant Retroperitoneal Hematoma
Authors: Chiancone Francesco , Mirone Vincenzo , Fedelini Maurizio , Meccariello Clemente , Pucci Luigi , Carrino Maurizio , Fedelini Paolo 
Published: November 2015

Common complications related to transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided prostatic needle biopsy are hematuria, hematospermia, and hematochezia. To the best of our knowledge, we report the second case of a very large hematoma extending from the pelvis into the retroperitoneal space in literature. A 66-year-old man with a serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of 5.4 ng/ml was admitted to our department for a TRUS-guided prostatic needle biopsy. Laboratory values on the day before biopsy, including coagulation studies, were all normal. The patients did not take any anticoagulant drugs. No immediate complications were encountered. Nevertheless, 7 hours after the biopsy, the patient reached our emergency department with severe diffuse abdominal pain, hypotension, tachycardia, and confusional state. He underwent an ultrasonography and then a computed tomography (CT) scan that showed “a blood collection in the pelvis that extending to the lower pole of left kidney associated with a focus of active contrast extravasation, indicating active ongoing prostate bleeding.” Consequently, he underwent a diagnostic angiography that showed no more contrast extravasation, without the need of embolization. Management of hematoma has been conservative and hematoma was completely reabsorbed 4 months later.
Hamlet, Art, and Apoptosis: The Shakespearean Artwork of Julie Newdoll
Authors: Eppich-Harris Marcia 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Contemporary artist Julie Newdoll's painted series “Shakespeare: The Mirror up to Science” explores the connection between Shakespeare's Hamlet, suicide, and science. Using the thesis supported by the work of Burton R. Pollin that Hamlet's revenge is fueled by his desire to commit suicide, Newdoll shows how the biological process of apoptosis—that is, programmed cell death—can be used as a metaphor for Hamlet's suicide narrative through her paintings.
Telepathology Impacts and Implementation Challenges: A Scoping Review
Authors: Meyer Julien , Paré Guy 
Published: November 2015

ContextTelepathology is a particular form of telemedicine that fundamentally alters the way pathology services are delivered. Prior reviews in this area have mostly focused on 2 themes, namely technical feasibility issues and diagnosis accuracy.ObjectivesTo synthesize the literature on telepathology implementation challenges and broader organizational and societal impacts and to propose a research agenda to guide future efforts in this domain.Data SourcesTwo complementary databases were systematically searched: MEDLINE (PubMed) and ABI/INFORM (ProQuest). Peer-reviewed articles and conference proceedings were considered. The final sample consisted of 159 papers published between 1992 and 2013.ConclusionsThis review highlights the diversity of telepathology networks and the importance of considering these distinctions when interpreting research findings. Various network structures are associated with different benefits. Although the dominant rationale in single-site projects is financial, larger centralized and decentralized telepathology networks are targeting a more diverse set of benefits, including extending access to pathology to a whole region, achieving substantial economies of scale in workforce and equipment, and improving quality by standardizing care. Importantly, our synthesis reveals that the nature and scale of encountered implementation challenges also varies depending on the network structure. In smaller telepathology networks, organizational concerns are less prominent, and implementers are more focused on usability issues. As the network scope widens, organizational and legal issues gain prominence.
The HIV care cascade: a systematic review of data sources, methodology and comparability
Authors: Medland Nicholas A , McMahon James H , Chow Eric PF , Elliott Julian H , Hoy Jennifer F , Fairley Christopher K 
Published: November 2015

IntroductionThe cascade of HIV diagnosis, care and treatment (HIV care cascade) is increasingly used to direct and evaluate interventions to increase population antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage, a key component of treatment as prevention. The ability to compare cascades over time, sub‐population, jurisdiction or country is important. However, differences in data sources and methodology used to construct the HIV care cascade might limit its comparability and ultimately its utility. Our aim was to review systematically the different methods used to estimate and report the HIV care cascade and their comparability.MethodsA search of published and unpublished literature through March 2015 was conducted. Cascades that reported the continuum of care from diagnosis to virological suppression in a demographically definable population were included. Data sources and methods of measurement or estimation were extracted. We defined the most comparable cascade elements as those that directly measured diagnosis or care from a population‐based data set.Results and discussionsThirteen reports were included after screening 1631 records. The undiagnosed HIV‐infected population was reported in seven cascades, each of which used different data sets and methods and could not be considered to be comparable. All 13 used mandatory HIV diagnosis notification systems to measure the diagnosed population. Population‐based data sets, derived from clinical data or mandatory reporting of CD4 cell counts and viral load tests from all individuals, were used in 6 of 12 cascades reporting linkage, 6 of 13 reporting retention, 3 of 11 reporting ART and 6 of 13 cascades reporting virological suppression. Cascades with access to population‐based data sets were able to directly measure cascade elements and are therefore comparable over time, place and sub‐population. Other data sources and methods are less comparable.ConclusionsTo ensure comparability, countries wishing to accurately measure the cascade should utilize complete population‐based data sets from clinical data from elements of a centralized healthcare setting, where available, or mandatory CD4 cell count and viral load test result reporting. Additionally, virological suppression should be presented both as percentage of diagnosed and percentage of estimated total HIV‐infected population, until methods to calculate the latter have been standardized.
Low-threshold-current yellow BeZnCdSe quantum-well ridge-waveguide laser diodes under continuous-wave room-temperature operation
Authors: Feng Jijun , Akimoto Ryoichi 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Low-threshold-current yellow BeZnCdSe single-quantum-well (SQW) laser diodes (LDs) have been developed by using a ridge-waveguide structure. The top p-cladding layer was etched to suppress the leakage current that flowed laterally outside of the electrode. Ridge waveguides were covered with a SiO2 layer and planarized by chemical–mechanical polishing and reactive ion etching. Room-temperature lasing under continuous-wave condition was achieved with the laser cavity formed by cleaved waveguide facets coated with high-reflectivity dielectric films. Two types of LDs with different SQW thicknesses and Cd contents were developed and compared at various waveguide widths and lengths. Yellow LDs with sub-10 mA threshold current were obtained.
Generation of low-frequency drift pulse trains by direct modulation of a distributed-feedback laser array
Authors: Kuroda Keiji , Yoshikuni Yuzo 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
We propose a simple method to generate low-frequency drift pulse trains by direct modulation of a laser diode system consisting of a distributed-feedback laser array and a semiconductor optical amplifier. We measure the temporal profiles, beat signals and spectra of pulses generated under three different sets of conditions. We found that low-frequency drift pulse trains are generated by application of a DC voltage to one of the laser diodes and a pulse voltage to the semiconductor optical amplifier.
Growth of non-polar a-plane AlN on r-plane sapphire
Authors: Jo Masafumi , Hirayama Hideki 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Growth of non-polar AlN is crucial to the realization of polarization-free light-emitting diodes in deep UV range. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth condition for obtaining a flat a-plane AlN on r-plane sapphire. A thin AlN layer grown at lower temperature played an important role in protecting the sapphire surface. Both high temperature and low V/III ratio were necessary in terms of enhanced adatom diffusion, leading to the formation of a flat AlN buffer.