bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entropy Generation Calculation of a Turbofan Engine: A Case of CFM56-7B
Authors: Cilgin Mehmet Emin , Turan Onder 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Entropy generation and energy efficiency of turbofan engines become greater concern in recent years caused by rises fuel costs and as well as environmental impact of aviation emissions. This study describes calculation of entropy generation for a two-spool CFM56-7B high-bypass turbofan widely used on short to medium range, narrow body aircrafts. Entropy generation and power analyses are performed for five main engine components obtaining temperature-entropy, entropy-enthalpy, pressure-volume diagrams at ≈121 kN take-off thrust force. In the study, maximum entropy production is determined to be 0.8504 kJ/kg K at the combustor, while minimum entropy generation is observed at the low pressure compressor component with the value of 0.0025 kJ/kg K. Besides, overall efficiency of the turbofan is determined to be 14 %, while propulsive and thermal efficiencies of the engine are 35 % and 40 %, respectively. As a conclusion, this study aims to show increase of entropy due to irreversibilities and produced power dimension in engine components for commercial turbofans and aero-derivative cogeneration power plants.
A supramolecular tetranuclear zinc(II) complex constructed from an asymmetrical Salamo-type ligand: synthesis, structure and fluorescence properties
Authors: Wang Li , Zhao Qing , Li Xiao-Yan , An Gao-Xian , Dong Wen-Kui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe tetranuclear Zn(II) complex, [{ZnL(μ-OAc)Zn(CH3CH2CH2OH)}2], derived from an asymmetrical Salamo-type chelate ligand H3L (5-methoxy-6′-hydroxy-2,2′-[ethanedioxybis(nitrilomethylidyne)]diphenol) has been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectrum, X-ray crystallography, UV/Vis and fluorescence spectra. The structure is made up of four Zn(II) atoms,μ2-coordinated acetate ions and two coordinatedn-propanol molecules, and forms an infinite one-dimensional supramolecular structure via intermolecular C–H···π interactions. The four Zn(II) atoms are penta-coordinated and show slightly distorted trigonal bipyramidal and tetragonal pyramidal symmetries.
A Strategy to Determine Partial Discharge in XLPE Power Cables Using Acoustic Emission Detection Technique
Authors: Jingle Jabha D. F. , Selvi K. , Joselin R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Acoustic emission (AE) is a nondestructive technique that has unique potential for evaluating degradation and possibly for failure prediction, as well, of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) cables. This technique is more suited in high-voltage tests because of its external antielectromagnetism interference. The authors have demonstrated its capability toward failure prediction on XLPE cables. In this study, five sets of fifty identical XLPE cables were taken up for the investigation. These tests were carried out on both damaged and undamaged conditions. The AE data acquired during loading cycles is analyzed, and a lucid empirical relation is developed to predict their failure performance. Even though there is no pinpoint method spelled out in the open literature for the failure prediction of XLPE cables, one could appreciate the approach that impending failure is significant even at 50–60 % of maximum expected operating voltage with a reasonable error margin. Moreover, this methodology can also be applied to predict in real time the failure of similar XLPE cables made of other material systems.
Vibration Levels in Vans as a Function of Payload and Leaf Spring Sheet Number
Authors: Böröcz Péter 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Measuring the vehicle vibration environment is essential to understanding and simulating the adequacy of a packaged-product system and its ability to ensure protection from transportation hazards. In the transportation industry, various vehicles are used to perform shipping tasks, including light commercial vehicles that became the most popular vehicles in single unit and lightweight package transportation. In this study, the transport vibration levels in vans were measured as a function of payload and number of leaf spring sheets used. The vans consisted of one with a 20 % payload of total capacity and another with an 80 % payload. The vans were divided into two groups: those with a single leaf spring and those with a double leaf spring. The measurement conditions were the motorway and speed between 110 and 130 km/h. The results revealed that transport vibration levels are affected by payload and the number of spring sheets. A low payload and single leaf spring contributed to the highest transport vibration levels. The power density level peaks were between 1.5 and 3.5 Hz, then around 15 Hz.
Prestimulus EEG Power Predicts Conscious Awareness But Not Objective Visual Performance
Authors: Benwell Christopher S. Y. , Tagliabue Chiara F. , Veniero Domenica , Cecere Roberto , Savazzi Silvia , Thut Gregor 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPrestimulus oscillatory neural activity has been linked to perceptual outcomes during performance of psychophysical detection and discrimination tasks. Specifically, the power and phase of low frequency oscillations have been found to predict whether an upcoming weak visual target will be detected or not. However, the mechanisms by which baseline oscillatory activity influences perception remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that the frequently reported negative relationship between α power and stimulus detection may be explained by changes in detection criterion (i.e., increased target present responses regardless of whether the target was present/absent) driven by the state of neural excitability, rather than changes in visual sensitivity (i.e., more veridical percepts). Here, we recorded EEG while human participants performed a luminance discrimination task on perithreshold stimuli in combination with single-trial ratings of perceptual awareness. Our aim was to investigate whether the power and/or phase of prestimulus oscillatory activity predict discrimination accuracy and/or perceptual awareness on a trial-by-trial basis. Prestimulus power (3–28 Hz) was inversely related to perceptual awareness ratings (i.e., higher ratings in states of low prestimulus power/high excitability) but did not predict discrimination accuracy. In contrast, prestimulus oscillatory phase did not predict awareness ratings or accuracy in any frequency band. These results provide evidence that prestimulus α power influences the level of subjective awareness of threshold visual stimuli but does not influence visual sensitivity when a decision has to be made regarding stimulus features. Hence, we find a clear dissociation between the influence of ongoing neural activity on conscious awareness and objective performance.
Processing of Natural Echolocation Sequences in the Inferior Colliculus of Seba’s Fruit Eating Bat,Carollia perspicillata
Authors: Beetz M. Jerome , Kordes Sebastian , García-Rosales Francisco , Kössl Manfred , Hechavarría Julio C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFor the purpose of orientation, echolocating bats emit highly repetitive and spatially directed sonar calls. Echoes arising from call reflections are used to create an acoustic image of the environment. The inferior colliculus (IC) represents an important auditory stage for initial processing of echolocation signals. The present study addresses the following questions: (1) how does the temporal context of an echolocation sequence mimicking an approach flight of an animal affect neuronal processing of distance information to echo delays? (2) how does the IC process complex echolocation sequences containing echo information from multiple objects (multiobject sequence)? Here, we conducted neurophysiological recordings from the IC of ketamine-anaesthetized bats of the speciesCarollia perspicillataand compared the results from the IC with the ones from the auditory cortex (AC). Neuronal responses to an echolocation sequence was suppressed when compared to the responses to temporally isolated and randomized segments of the sequence. The neuronal suppression was weaker in the IC than in the AC. In contrast to the cortex, the time course of the acoustic events is reflected by IC activity. In the IC, suppression sharpens the neuronal tuning to specific call-echo elements and increases the signal-to-noise ratio in the units’ responses. When presenting multiple-object sequences, despite collicular suppression, the neurons responded to each object-specific echo. The latter allows parallel processing of multiple echolocation streams at the IC level. Altogether, our data suggests that temporally-precise neuronal responses in the IC could allow fast and parallel processing of multiple acoustic streams.
Layer-specific Developmental Changes in Excitation and Inhibition in Rat Primary Visual Cortex
Authors: Tatti Roberta , Swanson Olivia K. , Lee Melinda S. E. , Maffei Arianna 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCortical circuits are profoundly shaped by experience during postnatal development. The consequences of altered vision during the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity have been extensively studied in rodent primary visual cortex (V1). However, little is known about how eye opening, a naturally occurring event, influences the maturation of cortical microcircuits. Here we used a combination of slice electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry in rat V1 to ask whether manipulating the time of eye opening for 3 or 7 d affects cortical excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission onto excitatory neurons uniformly across layers or induces laminar-specific effects. We report that binocular delayed eye opening for 3 d showed similar reductions of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in layers 2/3, 4, and 5. Synaptic transmission recovered to age-matched control levels if the delay was prolonged to 7 d, suggesting that these changes were dependent on binocular delay duration. Conversely, laminar-specific and long-lasting effects were observed if eye opening was delayed unilaterally. Our data indicate that pyramidal neurons located in different cortical laminae have distinct sensitivity to altered sensory drive; our data also strongly suggest that experience plays a fundamental role in not only the maturation of synaptic transmission, but also its coordination across cortical layers.
КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ ПЕРЕВОДА АНТАНАСОМ КРИЩЮКАЙТИСОМ-АИШБЕ РАССКАЗА Ю. ФЕДЬКОВИЧА «КТО ВИНОВАТ?»
Authors: Пахолок Зинаида 
Published: December 2017

В статье рассмотрены культурно-исторические и социологические детерминанты деятельности литовского писателя в качестве переводчика. Уточнен перевод на русский язык его литературного псевдонима, в основу которого был положен структурно-семантический принцип образования. Особое внимание уделено рассказу «Кто виноват?» Ю. Федьковича. Украинский писатель поднял проблему, имеющую общечеловеческий характер – мечта о счастье и семейные обстоятельства, препятствующие этому. Затем эту же проблему исследовал И. Франко в пьесе «Украденное счастье», поставленную в Паневежисе. Знакомство А. Крищюкайтиса-Аишбе c рассказом «Кто виноват?» состоялось опосредованно, с помощью русского перевода Н. Н. Златовратского. Установлено, что в основе двух переводов лежат идентичные социально-исторические условия и психологическое сходство художественного мышления творческих натур в решении главной проблемы литературы: человек и окружающая действительность. Проанализирована интерпретация рассказа Ю. Федьковича литовским переводчиком, связанная с трансформацией номинаций героев и локаций в переводе.
Atlanto-axial subluxation with cervical myelopathy operated with occipital C2 fusion: A case report
Authors: Kadam Rahul , Bauva Vishal , Shah Krutarth , Yadav Sunil 
Published: December 2017

Background: Atlantoaxial subluxation with cervical myelopathy is a rare condition that can occur mainly by trauma followed by Rheumatoid arthritis, Grisel syndrome, Down’s syndrome and various other metabolic disorders. It is characterized by excessive movement of atlas (C1) over axis (C2) either by bony or ligamentous abnormality. Due to its laxity the spinal cord may get damaged and cause neurologic symptoms. Reduction and fixation is needed for such instability.
Case Report: This 55-year-old gentleman was apparently all right 4 years back when he gradually developed difficulty in walking and imbalance. Bilateral Babinski sign was positive, All deep tendon reflexes were brisk; muscle tone was increased with clasp-knife spasticity present in all four limbs. Ankle and patellar clonus was present bilaterally. His X-ray cervical spine showed C1-C2 subluxation in flexion and extension views. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of Cranio-vertebral junction. Mild subluxation of atlantoaxial joint (3.1 mm) with posterior displacement of dens causing narrowing of bony cervical spinal canal with reduced distance between posterior aspect of dens of C2 and anterior aspect of posterior arch of C1 vertebrae was noticed. Atlas was also slightly displaced anteriorly in relation to baso-occiput. We managed this patient with occipital cervical fusion after reduction from a posterior approach using screws and rods construct and fusion with bone graft from iliac crest. Post operatively the patient was able to walk without any support and tone of the muscles in lower limb decreased, no tingling or numbness are present, no signs of local infection or inflammation.
Conclusion: We suggest to operate atlanto-axial subluxation and cervical myelopathy with occipital C2 fusion.
An Association of Total Health Expenditure with GDP and Life Expectancy
Authors: Zaman Sojib Bin , Hossain Naznin , Mehta Varshil , Sharmin Shuchita , Mahmood Shakeel Ahmed Ibne 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Gradual total health expenditure (THE) has become a major concern. It is not only the increased THE, but also its unequal growth in overall economy, found among the developing countries. If increased life expectancy is considered as a leverage for an individual’s investment in health services, it can be expected that as the life expectancy increases, tendency of health care investment will also experience a boost up. Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore and identify the association of healthcare expenditure with the life expectancy and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in developing countries, especially that of Bangladesh. Methodology: Data were retrospectively collected from “Health Bulletin 2011” and “Sample Vital Registration System 2010” of Bangladesh considering the fiscal year 1996 to fiscal year 2006. Using STATA, multivariable logistic regression was performed to find out the association of total health expenditure with GDP and life expectancy. Results: A direct relationship between GDP and total health expenditure was found through analysing the data. At the individual level, income had a direct influence on health spending. However, there was no significant relationship between total health expenditure with increased life expectancy. Conclusion: The present study did not find any association between life expectancy and total health expenditure. However, our analysis found out that total health expenditure is more sensitive to gross domestic product rather than life expectancy.
Ilizarov in Distal Radial Fractures
Authors: Prakash Lakshmanan 
Published: December 2017

Fracture dislocations around the wrist are managed either by scaffolding it with a plaster or with internal fixation devices. The present video below presents forward a third option i.e. Closed ligamentotaxis with ilizarov frame. This is an extremely simple, atraumatic and wonderful solution.
Keywords: Radial fractures, Ilizarov technique.
Students' Engagement during Collection of Attendance: An Experience of a Pilot Study
Authors: Mondal Himel , Mondal Shaikat 
Published: December 2017

In many medical colleges in India, the annual intake for an undergraduate course is 250. Recording attendance of 250 students is a humongous task. It involves an average of 8.93 ± 1.06 minutes, which is approximately 15% of the total time of the one-hour lecture. During this time, students commonly sit idly while waiting for their roll number call. Interestingly, continuous calling of 250 roll numbers at a stretch is an additional voice stress to the teachers. With this background, we designed a program – students’ engagement during collection of attendance (SEdCA). A comprehension test about the lecture topic was conducted in five minutes, and the answer sheets were collected in the next three minutes. These answer sheets were then scanned (i.e., looked at all parts of answer sheets) for roll numbers and were recorded in the register. This method keeps the students engaged in an academic activity during the time of attendance recording. It also helps in reduction of voice stress to the teachers. This method of attendance collection may be adapted by institutions according to available logistics especially when their student’s strength is more than 250.
Keywords: Attendance, Concentration, Medical students, University, Voice disorder.
A talajok mechanikai összetétel vizsgálata pipettás ülepítéses módszerrel: a hazai és a nemzetközi szabvány szerinti eljárások összehasonlítása és konverziója
Authors: Makó András , Hernádi Hilda , Barna Gyöngyi , Balázs Réka , Molnár Sándor , Labancz Viktória , Tóth Brigitta , Bakacsi Zsófia 
Published: December 2017

The particle size distribution (PSD) values obtained for a soil database representing the main Hungarian soil types using the Hungarian standard (MSZ-08-0205-78) and the international standard (ISO/DIS 11277:1994) were compared with the pipette method. The relationship between these PSDs and other physical soil characteristics (upper limit of plasticity according to Arany, water vapour adsorption according to Sík) was also analysed, and a suggestion was made of how these results could be converted into each other.
Experience showed that the pre-treatments applied as part of the ISO/DIS method may change the ratio of particle size fractions: there was a significant increase in the clay content, while the silt content decreased to a lesser and the sand content to a greater extent, possibly because some of the particles remain in microaggregate form when the MSZ method is used. The results confirmed the greater accuracy of the ISO/DIS method: the clay contents measured with the ISO/DIS method exhibited stronger correlations with the upper limit of plasticity according to Arany and with hygroscopicity values than those measured with the MSZ method.
The estimated ISO/DIS fractions became much closer to the measured ones when the suggested pedotransfer functions were applied. The conversion method proved to be more reliable for the prediction of clay and sand content than for silt content. In its present form the estimation method is not suitable for replacing the ISO/DIS method, but it could be of good service in research and comparative analysis in cases where only the MSZ method can be used or where only old MSZ PSD data exist.
Continuous-Flow Chemistry in Chemical Education
Authors: Blanco-Ania Daniel , Rutjes Floris P. J. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
While continuous-flow chemistry is steadily increasing its footprint in academic research and in the manufacturing of pharmaceutical intermediates and fine chemicals, the attention for flow chemistry in educational programs is on average rather limited. This account is meant to provide a personal overview of the possibilities to address the involvement of flow chemistry in the various stages of chemical education.
OTIMIZAÇÃO DE PROTOLOCOS DE AMOSTRAGEM PARA MINÉRIO DE ALUMÍNIO
Authors: Bortoleto Daniel Armelim , Chieregati Ana Carolina , Oliveira Raiza Cavalcante 
Published: December 2017

A definição do protocolo de amostragem apropriado é de extrema importância para qualquer operação mineira, em especial a do minério de alumínio, devido ao controle rigoroso da qualidade do produto final. A estratégia para obtenção dos dados necessários para garantia e controle da qualidade (QAQC) deve levar em consideração contribuições multidisciplinares que incluem estatística, geoestatística, geologia e a teoria da amostragem (theory of sampling, ou TOS), fundamentais para se estabelecerem metas de precisão e acurácia considerando-se os principais constituintes do minério de alumínio: alumina disponível e sílica reativa. Selecionar um protocolo de amostragem adequado requer a estimativa experimental das heterogeneidades de constituição e de distribuição para gerenciamento contínuo, além da perseverante aplicação dos conceitos da TOS para eliminação de todas as possíveis fontes de viés. O presente trabalho apresenta uma proposta alternativa e complementar para a normatização de procedimentos corretos de amostragem de minério de alumínio, com base na otimização de protocolos de amostragem segundo a teoria da amostragem para minérios granulados de Pierre Gy.
MINIMIZAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE PREG-ROBBING DE MINÉRIOS AURÍFEROS CARBONOSOS COM A UTILIZAÇÃO DE ADITIVOS QUÍMICOS
Authors: Carvalho Santiago Rodrigo César , Queiroz Ladeira Ana Claudia 
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho busca simular a atividade preg-robbing da matriz carbonosa de minérios auríferos a partir de carvões minerais de diferentes níveis de maturação (antracito, betuminoso e lignito), a fim de avaliar a aplicabilidade e a funcionalidade de oito aditivos químicos em desativar/passivar a matéria carbonosa responsável por adsorver o ouro solubilizado. Ensaios de adsorção mostraram que, diferentemente do carvão antracito, o carvão betuminoso e o lignito não foram capazes de adsorver cianocomplexos de ouro em nenhuma extensão, sendo o carvão antracito, portanto, o selecionado para ensaios de desativação/passivação. Nesses ensaios, alíquotas de carvão antracito foram condicionadas por 120 min. em soluções contendo o aditivo em concentrações que variam de 10 a 500 mg.L-1. Ao término do condicionamento, adicionou-se solução cianetada contendo 100 mgAu.L-1, de forma a obter uma solução final com 10 mgAu.L-1, mantida sob agitação por 24 h com o carvão. Os resultados indicaram que os condicionantes C1, C2, C3, S1 e Qe suprimiram o poder adsorvente do carvão em extensões que variam de 60% para baixas concentrações (10 mg.L-1) a valores superiores a 80% para altas concentrações (500 mg.L-1). Avaliou-se também o efeito da variação do tempo de condicionamento (5, 30 e 120 min.) na supressão do poder adsorvente do carvão. Para os aditivos C3 e Qe o incremento no tempo de condicionamento de 5 para 120 min. foi acompanhado de um aumento na supressão da adsorção de 10% e 20%, respectivamente.
ESTUDO DE CASO, PADRONIZAÇÃO E OTIMIZAÇÃO DA COLORAÇÃO ARTIFICIAL EM PRETO PARA ÁGATAS DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL
Authors: Ericksson Cristiane , Schadach de Brum Irineu Antonio 
Published: December 2017

A ágata do sul do Brasil, apresenta colorações pouco interessantes ou salientes, sendo predominante os tons acinzentados. Tais qualidades, foram fatores determinantes para o início do processo de tingimento de ágata do Rio Grande do Sul, no século XVIII. Atualmente, o segmento mineral, apresenta carências relacionadas a tecnologias e processos de produção, além de infraestruturas inadequadas, resultando em prejuízo para as comunidades produtoras. Nesse cenário, a pesquisa se estrutura para avaliar técnicas operacionais viáveis para o setor, objetivando a melhoria do valor agregado às gemas beneficiadas e qualidade da cor. Para o desenvolvimento do tratamento em preto, o sistema foi replicado, padronizado e otimizado no Laboratório LAPROM da UFGRS e Centro Tecnológico de Pedras, Gemas e Joias do Rio Grande do Sul. A amostragem foi classificada em quatro padrões e analisada em espectrofotômetro. Ao término, se tem a comparação dos resultados do tingimento otimizado e o convencional, com as curvas de distribuição espectral medidas antes e após o tratamento termoquímico da ágata. Com o sistema otimizado, foi possível reduzir custos operacionais, tempo de energia envolvida no sistema, manter da qualidade da cor e relacionar com a proporção de reagentes usados.