bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angular plasmon response of gold nanoparticles arrays: approaching the Rayleigh limit
Authors: Marae-Djouda Joseph , Caputo Roberto , Mahi Nabil , Lévêque Gaëtan , Akjouj Abdellatif , Adam Pierre-Michel , Maurer Thomas 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The regular arrangement of metal nanoparticles influences their plasmonic behavior. It has been previously demonstrated that the coupling between diffracted waves and plasmon modes can give rise to extremely narrow plasmon resonances. This is the case when the single-particle localized surface plasmon resonance (λ
LSP) is very close in value to the Rayleigh anomaly wavelength (λ
RA) of the nanoparticles array. In this paper, we performed angle-resolved extinction measurements on a 2D array of gold nano-cylinders designed to fulfil the condition λ
RA<λ
LSP. Varying the angle of excitation offers a unique possibility to finely modify the value of λ
RA, thus gradually approaching the condition of coupling between diffracted waves and plasmon modes. The experimental observation of a collective dipolar resonance has been interpreted by exploiting a simplified model based on the coupling of evanescent diffracted waves with plasmon modes. Among other plasmon modes, the measurement technique has also evidenced and allowed the study of a vertical plasmon mode, only visible in TM polarization at off-normal excitation incidence. The results of numerical simulations, based on the periodic Green’s tensor formalism, match well with the experimental transmission spectra and show fine details that could go unnoticed by considering only experimental data.
Nanofibers based on chitin: a new functional food
Authors: Azuma Kazuo , Ifuku Shinsuke 
Published: July 2016

AbstractChitin (β-(1-4)-poly-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) is widely distributed in nature. A method for the preparation of chitin nanofibers (CNFs) is reported. CNFs are considered to have several potential applications because they have useful properties such as high specific surface area and porosity. More recently, beneficial effects of CNF as functional foods were reported. First, the anti-inflammatory effect of oral administration of chitin CNFs was demonstrated in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It was found that CNFs improved clinical symptoms and suppressed IBD. CNFs decreased the areas with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) staining in colon tissue. Second, the anti-obesity effects of surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibers (SDACNF) in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity was evaluated. SDACNFs suppressed the increase in body weight produced by the high-fat diet; however, CNFs did not suppress such weight gain. SDACNFs decreased serum levels of leptin. These results suggest that CNF and SDACNF are promising functional foods for patients with IBD or obesity.
Improving heat aging and mechanical properties of fluoroelastomer using carbon nanotubes
Authors: Heidarian Javad , Hassan Aziz 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-, carbon black (CB)-filled fluoroelastomer (FE) and unfilled-FE compounds were prepared (CNT/FE, CB/FE and FE). The compounds were subjected to heat air aging and characterized by tensile test and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis. Results show that CNT improved tensile properties of FE before and after aging. All samples show stress induced crystallization (SIC) during tension. XRD results show that under all conditions, the crystals were in the form of γ-phase. For both aged and un-aged specimens, the degree of crystallinity (Xc) is low. After tensile stretching, Xc of un-aged specimens increases tremendously, with larger crystal size. Under the same conditions, the order of elongation at break (EL) was FE > CB/FE > CNT/FE. Normal modulus (NM) and tangent modulus (TM) at the same conditions was in the order of CNT/FE > CB/FE > FE. Tensile strength had the order of CNT/FE > CB/FE > FE.
Characterization of reversed micelles formed in solvent extraction of thorium(IV) by bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid. Transforming
from rodlike to wormlike morphology
Authors: Gao Song , Sun Taoxiang , Chen Qingde , Shen Xinghai 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The reversed micelles formed in solvent extraction of thorium(IV) by bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP) in n-heptane were
studied. IR spectra, dynamic/static light scattering and zero shear viscosity measurements indicated that thorium complexes formed
rodlike reversed micelles, and both the size of aggregates and the viscosity of the organic phase increased with the increasing loadage
of thorium(IV). The entanglement of reversed micelles resulted in their transformation to wormlike reversed micelles, inducing the very
high viscosity of the organic phase. The structural composition of thorium complexes was proposed to be Th(DEHP)3(NO3)
according to the results of log -log  plot and job method analysis. Furthermore, molecular modeling was employed to clarify the
structures of reversed micelles as well as the state of water inside. It was found that the complexes linked together via hydrogen
bonding and van der Waals forces and that the existence of NO3

–
and H2O improved the stability of reversed
micelles.
Anomalous Origin of a Stenosed Left Circumflex Coronary Artery in a Patient Presenting with Unstable Angina: A Case Report
Authors: Vakili Hossein , Khaheshi Isa , Memaryan Mehdi , Naderian Mohammadreza 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
73 year-old man presented to our emergency department with complaint of retrosternal chest pain since 2 day and admitted with diagnosis of unstable angina. He underwent diagnostic coronary angiography in which left circumflex artery (LCX) was not visualized during injection of the left coronary artery; indeed, it was originated, with common origin with RCA, from right coronary sinus of Valsalva. This case report is one of the uncommon cases with aberrant coronary arteries who presented with unstable angina. Moreover, coronary angiography with following coronary angioplasty was performed for him in a challenging course and angle for coronary intervention.
The Triangular Binary Clock
Authors: Pretz Jörg 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
A new idea for a binary clock is presented. It displays the time using a triangular array of 15 lamps each representing a certain amount of time. It is shown that such a geometric, triangular arrangement is only possible because our system of time divisions is based on a sexagesimal system in which the num- ber of minutes in 12 hours equals the factorial of a natural number (720 = 6!). An interactive applet allows one to “play” with the clock.
Dynamic Characteristics of a Model and Prototype for 3D-RC Structure
Authors: Moniuddin Md. Khaja , Vasanthalakshmi G. , Chethan K. , Babu R. Ramesh 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Infill walls provide durable and economical partitions that have relatively excellent thermal and sound insulation with high fire resistance. Monolithic infilled walls are provided within RC structures without being analyzed as a combination of concrete and brick elements, although in reality they act as a single unit during earthquakes. The performance of such structures during earthquakes has proved to be superior in comparison to bare frames in terms of stiffness, strength and energy dissipation. To know the dynamic characteristics of monolithic infill wall panels and masonry infill, modal, response spectrum and time history analyses have been carried out on a model and prototype of a 3D RC structure for a comparative study.
Pseudo-symmetry analysis to unravel the secrets of twins – a case study with four diverse examples
Authors: Stöger Berthold , Weil Matthias , Murugesan Sathiyamoorthy , Kirchner Karl 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Four twins are interpreted by pseudo-symmetry analysis. The pincer complexes Co(PCP)X (X=Cl, Br) are order-disorder (OD) twins. The individuals are composed of one polytype with a maximum degree of order (MDO) with Pc symmetry, whereas at the composition plane is located a fragment of the second MDO polytype with Pbc21 symmetry. The twinning of the low-temperature (LT, 100 K) P21 phase of 2,3-dicyanohydroquinone dihydrate (DCHQ·H2O) can be explained by a symmetry reduction of index 2 from the high-temperature (HT, 250 K) Pn21
m phase. Propylammonium perchlorate (nPrNH3ClO4) features different kinds of twinning. On the one hand, transformation twinning is caused by a symmetry reduction of index 2 from the HT (150 K) Pbnm to the LT (100 K) P21/n phase. On the other hand, the crystals feature growth twinning by rotation about the [010] axis, where the nature of the twin interface remains unknown. The twinning of the Ccce Ba[H2TeO5] structure with pseudo-tetragonal metrics is explained by a part of the structure featuring higher P42/nmc symmetry. At the twin interface is probably located a fragment with the formal composition TeO3.
Theoretical Studies of the Spin Hamiltonian Parameters and Local Distortions for Cu2+ in Alkaline Earth Lead Zinc Phosphate Glasses
Authors: Wang Bo-Kun , Wu Shao-Yi , Yuan Zi-Yi , Liu Zi-Xuan , Jiang Shi-Xin , Liu Zheng , Yao Zi-Jian , Teng Bao-Hua , Wu Ming-He 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The spin Hamiltonian parameters and local structures are theoretically studied for Cu2+-doped alkaline earth lead zinc phosphate (RPPZ, R=Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) glasses based on the high-order perturbation calculations for a tetragonally elongated octahedral 3d9 cluster. The relative elongation ratios are found to be ρ≈3.2%, 4.4%, 4.6%, and 3.3% for R=Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba, respectively, because of the Jahn-Teller effect. The whole decreasing crystal-field strength Dq and orbital reduction factor k from Mg to Sr are ascribed to the weakening electrostatic coulombic interactions and the increasing probability of productivity of nonbridge oxygen (and hence increasing Cu2+–O2− electron cloud admixtures) under PbO addition, respectively, with increasing alkali earth ionic radius. The anomalies (the largest Dq and the next highest k among the systems) for R=Ba are attributed to the cross linkage of this large cation in the network. The overall increasing order (Mg≤Ba<Ca<Sr) of ρ is largely due to the decreasing crystal-field strength Dq and hence the decreasing force constant of the Cu2+–O2− bonds. The present studies would be helpful to understand local structures and the influences on the optical properties of RPPZ glasses containing copper dopants.
Reversible HuR‐microRNA binding controls extracellular export of miR‐122 and augments stress response
Authors: Mukherjee Kamalika , Ghoshal Bartika , Ghosh Souvik , Chakrabarty Yogaditya , Shwetha Shivaprasad , Das Saumitra , Bhattacharyya Suvendra N 
Published: July 2016

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs), the tiny but stable regulatory RNAs in metazoan cells, can undergo selective turnover in presence of specific internal and external cues to control cellular response against the changing environment. We have observed reduction in cellular miR‐122 content, due to their accelerated extracellular export in human hepatic cells starved for small metabolites including amino acids. In this context, a new role of human ELAV protein HuR has been identified. HuR, a negative regulator of miRNA function, accelerates extracellular vesicle (EV)‐mediated export of miRNAs in human cells. In stressed cells, HuR replaces miRNPs from target messages and is both necessary and sufficient for the extracellular export of corresponding miRNAs. HuR could reversibly bind miRNAs to replace them from Ago2 and subsequently itself gets freed from bound miRNAs upon ubiquitination. The ubiquitinated form of HuR is predominantly associated with multivesicular bodies (MVB) where HuR‐unbound miRNAs also reside. These MVB‐associated pool of miRNAs get exported out via EVs thereby delimiting cellular miR‐122 level during starvation. Therefore, by modulating extracellular export of miR‐122, HuR could control stress response in starved human hepatic cells.
TREM2 deficiency reduces the efficacy of immunotherapeutic amyloid clearance
Authors: Xiang Xianyuan , Werner Georg , Bohrmann Bernd , Liesz Arthur , Mazaheri Fargol , Capell Anja , Feederle Regina , Knuesel Irene , Kleinberger Gernot , Haass Christian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractImmunotherapeutic approaches are currently the most advanced treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Antibodies against amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ) bind to amyloid plaques and induce their clearance by microglia via Fc receptor‐mediated phagocytosis. Dysfunctions of microglia may play a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis and could result in reduced efficacy of antibody‐mediated Aβ clearance. Recently, heterozygous mutations in the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a microglial gene involved in phagocytosis, were genetically linked to late onset AD. Loss of TREM2 reduces the ability of microglia to engulf Aβ. We have now investigated whether loss of TREM2 affects the efficacy of immunotherapeutic approaches. We show that anti‐Aβ antibodies stimulate Aβ uptake and amyloid plaque clearance in a dose‐dependent manner in the presence or absence of TREM2. However, TREM2‐deficient N9 microglial cell lines, macrophages as well as primary microglia showed significantly reduced uptake of antibody‐bound Aβ and as a consequence reduced clearance of amyloid plaques. Titration experiments revealed that reduced efficacy of amyloid plaque clearance by Trem2 knockout cells can be compensated by elevating the concentration of therapeutic antibodies.
3D polarization texture of a symmetric 4-fold flux closure domain in strained ferroelectric PbTiO3 films
Authors: Tang Y.L. , Zhu Y.L. , Hong Z.J. , Eliseev E.A. , Morozovska A.N. , Wang Y.J. , Liu Y. , Xu Y.B. , Wu B. , Chen L.Q. , Pennycook S.J. , Ma X.L. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
IMPROVING THE POSITIONING ACCURACY OF TRAIN ON THE APPROACH SECTION TO THE RAILWAY CROSSING
Authors: Havryliuk V. I. , Voznyak O. M. , Meleshko V. V. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose. In the paper it is necessary to analyze possibility of improving the positioning accuracy of train on the approach section to crossing for traffic safety control at railway crossings. Methodology. Researches were performed using developed mathematical model, describing dependence of the input impedance of the coded and audio frequency track circuits on a train coordinate at various values of ballast isolation resistances and for all usable frequencies. Findings. The paper presents the developed mathematical model, describing dependence of the input impedance of the coded and audio-frequency track circuits on the train coordinate at various values of ballast isolation resistances and for all frequencies used in track circuits. The relative error determination of train coordinate by input impedance caused by variation of the ballast isolation resistance for the coded track circuits was investigated. The values of relative error determination of train coordinate can achieve up to 40-50 % and these facts do not allow using this method directly for coded track circuits. For short audio frequency track circuits on frequencies of continuous cab signaling (25, 50 Hz) the relative error does not exceed acceptable values, this allow using the examined method for determination of train location on the approach section to railway crossing. Originality. The developed mathematical model allowed determination of the error dependence of train coordinate by using input impedance of the track circuit for coded and audio-frequency track circuits at various frequencies of the signal current and at different ballast isolation resistances. Practical value. The authors proposethe method for train location determination on approach section to the crossing, equipped with audio-frequency track circuits, which is a combination of discrete and continuous monitoring of the train location.
Impact on Patient Management of [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Used for Cancer Diagnosis: Analysis of Data From the National Oncologic PET Registry
Authors: Subramaniam Rathan M. , Shields Anthony F. , Sachedina Archana , Hanna Lucy , Duan Fenghai , Siegel Barry A. , Hillner Bruce E. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Introduction.
We assessed the impact of [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) on intended management of patients in the National Oncologic PET Registry (NOPR) for three different diagnostic indications: (a) determining whether a suspicious lesion is cancer (Dx), (b) detecting an unknown primary tumor site when there is confirmed or strongly suspected metastatic disease (cancer of unknown primary origin [CUP]), and (c) detecting a primary tumor site when there is a presumed paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS).

Methods.
We reviewed a sample of randomly selected reports of NOPR subjects who underwent PET for Dx and CUP and all reports for PNS to find subjects for analysis. For these studies, we evaluated the impact of PET on referring physicians’ intended management, based on their management plans reported before and after PET.

Results.
Intended management was changed more frequently in the CUP group (43.1%) than in the Dx (23.9%) and PNS (25.4%) groups (CUP vs. Dx, p &lt; .0001; PNS vs. Dx, p &lt; .0001; CUP vs. PNS, p &lt; .0002). Referring physicians reported that, in light of PET results, they were able to avoid further testing in approximately three-fourths of patients (71.8%–74.6%). At the time when the post-PET forms were completed, biopsies of suspicious sites had been performed in 21.2%, 32.4%, and 23.2%, respectively, of Dx, CUP, and PNS cases.

Conclusion.
Our analysis of NOPR data shows that PET appears to have a substantial impact on intended management when used for three common diagnostic indications.
Gastroenteropancreatic Well-Differentiated Grade 3 Neuroendocrine Tumors: Review and Position Statement
Authors: Coriat Romain , Walter Thomas , Terris Benoît , Couvelard Anne , Ruszniewski Philippe 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn 2010, the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms was reviewed and validated the crucial role of the proliferative rate. According to the WHO classification 2010, gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms are classified as well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of grade 1 or 2 in up to 84%, or poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas in 6%–8%. Neuroendocrine carcinomas are of grade G. Recently, a proportion of neuroendocrine tumors presenting a number of mitoses or a Ki-67 index higher than 20% and a well-differentiated morphology have been identified, calling for a new category, well-differentiated grade 3 NET (NET G-3). Studies that have reported the characteristics of neuroendocrine neoplasms have identified more well-differentiated NET G-3 than neuroendocrine carcinomas. The main localizations of NET G-3 are the pancreas, stomach, and colon. Treatment for NET G-3 is not standardized and is balanced between G-1/2 neuroendocrine tumor and neuroendocrine carcinoma treatments. In nonmetastatic neuroendocrine tumors, the European and American guidelines recommended a surgical resection for localized neuroendocrine neoplasm, irrespective of the tumor grading. In NET G-3, chemotherapy is the benchmark if the main treatment goal is reduction of the tumor mass, particularly if it would allow a secondary surgery. In the present work, we review the epidemiology and make recommendations for the management of NET G-3.
Sarcomas Associated With Genetic Cancer Predisposition Syndromes: A Review
Authors: Farid Mohamad , Ngeow Joanne 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Sarcomas are rare mesenchymal malignancies that demonstrate great clinical and biological heterogeneity. A variety of sarcomas develop in the context of well-defined heritable cancer predisposition syndromes, associations that are often overlooked, given the rarity and diversity of sarcomas and the equivalent relative infrequency of cancer genetic syndromes. This review describes in detail selected heritable cancer predisposition syndromes that are known to be associated with sarcomas. Beyond the molecular and clinical features that define each syndrome, disparities in clinical presentation, natural history, and treatment of syndrome-associated compared with otherwise histologically identical sporadic sarcomas will be described. The clinical approach to selected sarcoma subsets with a view to identifying possible associations with these syndromes will then be described. Although the treatment of the majority of sarcomas will not differ significantly between sporadic cases and those associated with predisposition syndromes, knowledge of features such as unique anatomic sites of affliction or excess toxicities with particular cytotoxic therapies can facilitate alterations in therapeutic strategies to maximize efficacy and minimize toxicity. In addition, recognition of cancer genetic predisposition syndrome will allow patients and their relatives to undertake appropriate genetic counseling and testing, as well as screening, surveillance, and interventional measures, as needed. Situating sarcomas within the genetic endowment of particular patients—specifically that which confers a higher risk of malignancy—will enable clinicians to better manage the patient as a whole, complementing the great efforts currently routinely undertaken to genomically characterize somatic tumor changes with a view to achieving the dream of personalized medicine.
Employers' Statutory Vicarious Liability in Terms of the Protection of Personal Information Act
Authors: Millard Daleen , Bascerano Eugene Gustav 
Published: July 2016

A person whose privacy has been infringed through the unlawful, culpable processing of his or her personal information can sue the infringer’s employer based on vicarious liability or institute action based on the Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPI). Section 99(1) of POPI provides a person (“data subject”), whose privacy has been infringed, with the right to institute a civil action against the responsible party. POPI defines the responsible party as the person who determines the purpose of and means for processing of personal information of data subjects. Although POPI does not equate a responsible party to an employer, the term “responsible party” is undoubtedly a synonym for “employer” in this context. By holding an employer accountable for its employees’ unlawful processing of a data subject’s personal information, POPI creates a form of statutory vicarious liability.
Since the defences available to an employer at common law, and developed by case law, differs from the statutory defences available to an employer in terms of POPI, it is necessary to compare the impact this new statute has on employers. From a risk perspective, employers must be aware of the serious implications of POPI. The question that arises is whether the Act does not perhaps take matters too far.
This article takes a critical look at the statutory defences available to an employer in vindication of a vicarious liability action brought by a data subject in terms of section 99(1) of POPI. It compares the defences found in section 99(2) of POPI and the common-law defences available to an employer fending off a delictual claim founded on the doctrine of vicarious liability. To support the argument that the statutory vicarious liability created by POPI is is too harsh, the defences contained in section 99(2) of POPI is further analogised with those available to an employer in terms of section 60(4) of the Employment Equity Act 55 of 1998 (EEA) and other comparable foreign data protection statutes.