bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel approach for in-line process monitoring during ultrasonic metal welding of dissimilar wire/terminal joints based on the thermoelectric effect
Authors: Gester Andreas , Sprigode Toni , Wagner Guntram 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ultrasonic metal welding (USMW) is a manufacturing technique widely employed in the automotive and aerospace industries due to its efficiency in joining similar as well as dissimilar metals. Despite its prevalence, the lack of effective in-line process monitoring methods has resulted in high scrap rates, product recalls due to unrecognized scrap or financial losses due to pseudo-scrap, limiting its application in more sensitive industries. This paper presents a novel thermoelectric effect-based method for in-line process monitoring of USMW processes. This approach utilizes the thermoelectric properties, that manifest at the junctions of dissimilar metals during welding to accurately measure the temperature of the weld zone without the need of additional thermocouples, pyrometers or infrared cameras. An experimental setup was developed to validate the thermoelectric-based temperature measurement methodology. Key to this approach is the detection of thermoelectric voltage developed due to thermo diffusion when dissimilar materials are joined. The experiments showed a strong correlation between the thermoelectric voltage and the mechanical strength of the welds, suggesting that this parameter can effectively predict the quality of the weld. In the trials, a series of welded samples was created under controlled conditions to measure the generated thermoelectric voltage and correlate it with ultimate tensile strength tests. The data were analyzed using Spearman’s correlation coefficients to determine the correlation of the thermoelectric signals and joint strength. Results indicate that the thermoelectric voltage measurements correlate highly with the joint strength, with a Spearman’s correlation coefficient of over 0.94, thereby providing a promising predictive metric for assessing weld quality.
Sufficiency-related Strategies and Activities of Small Finnish Clothing Companies
Authors: Härri Anna , Jarkko Levänen , Lassi Linnanen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current textile industry is characterised by unsustainable business models. There is a need to transform the industry towards sufficiency – that is a textile industry where consumption is decreased to a level that is adequate and within planetary boundaries. Through a literature review and interviews with small Finnish textile companies, our research synthesizes previous research and provides new information about business practices that companies can employ to advance sufficiency as part of their everyday business. We found that companies have various activities that can enable, promote or inspire decreased consumption and sufficiency. Activities relate to six categories: (1) valuing quality over quantity, (2) enabling multiple product lives, (3) provision of support services, (4) encouraging and enabling doing-it-yourself, (5) ethics-motivated communication and interaction and (6) embracing locality. The activities connected to each strategy are manifold and context specific including, for example, permanent collections, not having discounts, repair service, quality and curated second-hand products and interaction with users during the use phase. It is important to note, however, that the studied sufficiency strategies come with rebound risks and companies should identify the best activities that fit their context and measure their impact. Changing the paradigm from fast fashion to sufficiency will not be an easy task and will require efforts from consumer citizens, decision makers and companies alike.
The Role of Eco-industrial Parks in Promoting Regional Circular Economy: A Stakeholder Perspective
Authors: Nylén Erkki-Jussi , Anttiroiko Ari-Veikko , Tiensuu Akseli 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss an eco-industrial park (EIP) formation process and its role in promoting regional circular economy (CE) policy from a stakeholder perspective. This case study adds to the knowledge of stakeholder engagement and the role of intermediation in EIP formation and related urban–regional CE policies. By reviewing the case of the ECO3 bioeconomy and CE industrial park in Tampere Region, Finland, we analyze the role of a city-owned development company in the EIP development as an intermediary between public and private stakeholder interests. Intermediation proved to be fruitful in the EIP formation process, as the intermediator sufficiently catalyzed the alignment of stakeholder interests, and various stakeholders thus contributed resources (stakes) to the development process, which furthered the growth of the EIP. The case illustrates how a hybrid actor, such as a city-owned development company, may serve as an important catalyst in regional CE promotion.
The rise of healthy longevity and healthspan in Saudi Arabia: from funding geroscience research to precision medicine and personalized digital twins
Authors: Murshid Ghassan A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSaudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 is driving innovation across sectors. In the fields of healthy longevity and healthspan, the nation funds geroscience research and projects focusing on personalized medicine and artificial intelligence. This review explores how Saudi Arabia is promoting the clinical and preclinical sciences to advance the field of healthy longevity and aging science, which will help in achieving a healthy lifespan for all. The present review provides examples to demonstrate how Saudi organizations, academic institutes, medical and research centers, programs, and giga projects are pioneering in the following five domains: (1) aging, geroscience, and healthy longevity; (2) prevention; (3) genetics, genomics, epigenetics, precision and personalized medicine; (4) stem cell research and regenerative medicine; and (5) wellness and well-being.
6-hydroxy-3-succinoylsemialdehyde-pyridine as a potential inhibitor of schizophrenia-associated enzyme
Authors: Metin Mert , Kawano Tomonori 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSchizophrenia’s cognitive deficits limit quality of life. Current drugs are ineffective. This study investigates 6-hydroxy-3-succinoylsemialdehyde-pyridine (6H3SAP), a nicotine derivative, as a potential inhibitor of KATII, an enzyme in the kynurenine pathway linked to cognitive dysfunction. Molecular docking was employed to assess the binding affinity of 6H3SAP to the KATII enzyme. The results indicated that 6H3SAP interacted with the KATII active site, demonstrating a binding affinity comparable to nicotine (previously suggested as a potential KATII blocker) but lower than NS1502, a well-established KATII inhibitor. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations provided further insights into the interaction details between 6H3SAP and KATII. These simulations revealed the formation of stable interactions between 6H3SAP and key amino acid residues within the KATII binding pocket. Though promising, further research is needed to assess 6H3SAP’s efficacy and safety. Surprisingly, the molecular dynamics data also proposed that the nicotine-KATII tie is weak.
Comparing implementation strategies for training and supervising nonspecialists in Group Problem Management Plus: A hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial in Colombia
Authors: Greene M. Claire , Castellar Diany , Sangraula Manaswi , Camargo Natalia , Diaz Jennifer , Meriño Valeria , Miller-Suchet Lucy , Chamorro Coneo Ana Maria , Venegas Marcela , Cristobal Maria , Chávez David , Kohrt Brandon , Ventevogel Peter , Uribe Miguel , DeLuca Marilyn , Shultz James , Espinel Zelde , Snider Leslie , Marsch Lisa , Romero Sara , Ferrer Monica , Guerrero Gonzalez Abel , Ramirez Camilo , Trejos Herrera Ana Maria , Schojan Matthew , Bonz Annie G. , Brown Adam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Migrants and refugees face elevated risks for mental health problems but have limited access to services. This study compared two strategies for training and supervising nonspecialists to deliver a scalable psychological intervention, Group Problem Management Plus (gPM+), in northern Colombia. Adult women who reported elevated psychological distress and functional impairment were randomized to receive gPM+ delivered by nonspecialists who received training and supervision by: 1) a psychologist (specialized technical support); or 2) a nonspecialist who had been trained as a trainer/supervisor (nonspecialized technical support). We examined effectiveness and implementation outcomes using a mixed-methods approach. Thirteen nonspecialists were trained as gPM+ facilitators and three were trained-as-trainers. We enrolled 128 women to participate in gPM+ across the two conditions. Intervention attendance was higher in the specialized technical support condition. The nonspecialized technical support condition demonstrated higher fidelity to gPM+ and lower cost of implementation. Other indicators of effectiveness, adoption and implementation were comparable between the two implementation strategies. These results suggest it is feasible to implement mental health interventions, like gPM+, using lower-resource, community-embedded task sharing models, while maintaining safety and fidelity. Further evidence from fully powered trials is needed to make definitive conclusions about the relative cost of these implementation strategies.
Comparing the effectiveness of universal admission testing and risk-based testing at emergency admission for preventing nosocomial COVID-19: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Iijima Kenta , Osako Hitomi , Iwata Kentaro 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective:To compare the effectiveness of universal admission testing (UAT) and risk-based testing (RBT) in preventing nosocomial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after the implementation of strict infection control measures.Design:Retrospective multicenter cohort study.Setting:Five community hospitals in Japan.Patients:14,028 adult patients admitted emergently from June 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023.Methods:We calculated crude incidence density rates of community-acquired COVID-19 (positive test ≤4 days postadmission), hospital-acquired COVID-19 (positive test ≥8 days postadmission), total postadmission COVID-19 (all cases of positive test postadmission), and primary cases (sporadic and index cases). A generalized estimating equation model was used to adjust for local incidence (new COVID-19 patients per 100,000 population), single-bed room proportion, and admission proportion of patients older than 65 years.Results:The weekly local incidence in the study areas was less than 1,800 per 100,000 population (1.8%). Two hospitals implemented RBT and 3 implemented UAT. The median admission testing rate was higher in the UAT group than in the RBT group (95% vs 55%; difference 45.2%, 95% CI, 40.3%–48.8%). Crude and adjusted analyses revealed no significant associations between incidence density rates (IRR; >1 indicates higher incidence with UAT) and admission strategies for any of the outcomes: community-acquired cases (adjusted IRR = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.46–3.31), hospital-acquired cases (1.46; 0.80–2.66), total postadmission COVID-19 (1.22; 0.79–1.87), and primary cases (0.81; 0.59–1.12).Conclusions:Compared with risk-based testing, universal admission testing may have limited additional benefits in preventing nosocomial COVID-19 transmission during a period of low-moderate local incidence.
Challenges of Uncertainty in Prenatal Decision-Making: Skeletal Dysplasias
Authors: Ramji Naila , Robinson Marie-Eve , Moore Gregory P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhen skeletal dysplasias are suspected in the prenatal period, investigation, counseling, and management become especially challenging. By better understanding the complex forces at play and parental values, prenatal health care providers may improve the ways in which they counsel patients to improve the decision-making process under conditions of significant uncertainty, including in cases of prenatally suspected skeletal dysplasia.
The 2024 U.S. Elections: Global Health Policy at a Crossroads
Authors: Meier Benjamin Mason , Palmquist Aunchalee E.L. , Dockery Meredith , Saggi Neha , Ekeigwe Kiara , Latorre Isabela , Yamey Gavin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe 2024 U.S. election will shape the future of global health policy, with crucial implications for continuing U.S. leadership in global health. The United States has long played a critical role in global health governance, through multilateral institutions under the United Nations (UN) and bilateral assistance to advance U.S. priorities. However, political shifts have challenged U.S. engagement in global health, with the politicization of global health policy threatening global governance under the World Health Organization (WHO) and dividing global health support across political parties. This political polarization in global health proved catastrophic in the COVID-19 pandemic response and influential in the 2020 Presidential Elections. With the United States again seeking to advance global health policy, the 2024 Elections present a clear contrast in global health visions across U.S. political parties – with sweeping impacts on global governance, health funding, sexual and reproductive health, corporate regulations, tax equity, humanitarian challenges, and climate change. The future of U.S. leadership in global health hangs in the balance of this election, raising an imperative for candidates to highlight their global health positions and for voters to consider the global health implications.
The Role of the Lawyer as Deal Maker in Health Care Acquisitions: From Amoral to Immoral?
Authors: Furrow Barry R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article proposes ethical — and legal — accountability for lawyers representing clients such as private equity (PE) firms who create ownership structures for nursing home systems. Using PE ownership as a case study, I will show that nursing home residents are often harmed and Medicaid costs inflated. I propose private law provides tools to compel such accountability, through (1) aiding and abetting doctrines and (2) fiduciary doctrines that require that the fiduciary be responsible for its vulnerable beneficiaries, not just ethically but for damages and equitable relief. I further propose that the teaching of Professional Responsibility needs to be changed to force law students to consider the effect of legal practice on third parties in situations like health care financing.
Telehealth after the Federal COVID-19 Public Health Emergency: Implications and Future Directions
Authors: Kwon Minsoo , Jolin James René , Shachar Carmel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMay 11, 2023, marked the end of the federal COVID-19 Public Health Emergency (PHE). During the PHE, regulatory flexibilities allowed telehealth to more effectively connect physicians providing care and patients seeking it. This paper discusses the implications of the end of the PHE on telehealth coverage, payment, reimbursement, and licensure, and exposes inconsistencies and inequities in extant state regulations.
Sublingual ranulas, is it time for a new classification? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lazzeroni Matteo , Del Fabbro Massimo , Gaffuri Michele , McGurk Mark , Novarria Gabriele Alessandro , Tartaglia Gianluca Martino , Pignataro Lorenzo , Capaccio Pasquale 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Sublingual ranulas present diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to their heterogenous clinical presentations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to synthesise treatment outcomes and proposes a new classification for this condition.

Methods
Following PRISMA guidelines, a thorough literature search identified studies on patients with sublingual ranulas receiving medical or surgical treatment. Proportion meta-analysis compared success rates among studies using a random-effects model.

Results
Forty-two studies were included, covering 686 endoral ranulas, 429 plunging ranulas, and 16 ranulas extending into the parapharyngeal space. Sublingual sialoadenectomy with or without pseudocyst wall excision showed low heterogeneity and the highest success rates. Consequently, a new classification system is proposed categorising ranulas by intraoral (Type 1), cervical (Type 2) or parapharyngeal space (Type 3) extension.

Conclusion
This study confirms the role of sublingual gland resection as standard of care and highlights the need for a revised classification to improve patient outcomes.
Special homogeneous surfaces
Authors: LINDEMANN DAVID , SWANN ANDREW 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe classify hyperbolic polynomials in two real variables that admit a transitive action on some component of their hyperbolic level sets. Such surfaces are called special homogeneous surfaces, and they are equipped with a natural Riemannian metric obtained by restricting the negative Hessian of their defining polynomial. Independent of the degree of the polynomials, there exist a finite number of special homogeneous surfaces. They are either flat, or have constant negative curvature.
Rethinking international law along with Amazonian ontologies: problematizing human-non-human divisions
Authors: Blanco Vizarreta Cristina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis article focuses on the nature-culture dimension in the Amazonian territory as an ontological question. It is argued that international law, as a product of modern Western societies, reflects and reproduces particular ideas about what the environment is. These ideas in turn reflect specific nature-culture relations that are not necessarily present in other societies. This is especially evident in contexts such as the Amazon, where the basic assumptions that modern Western society takes for granted cannot be extrapolated. The argument is illustrated through the Amazonian Kukama-Kukamiria people’s conception of the river, which was put on the ropes by the implementation of a development project. It is proposed that rethinking international law along with the Amazon means situating oneself in not only a geographically but also ontologically different place.
Development and validation of a new anthropometric equation to predict fat mass percentage in a heterogeneous Caucasian population
Authors: Rojano-Ortega Daniel , Moya-Amaya Heliodoro , Molina-López Antonio , Berral-Aguilar Antonio Jesús , Berral-de la Rosa Francisco José 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
(1) To develop a new regression equation for estimating fat mass percentage (%FM) from anthropometric measurements in a heterogeneous Caucasian population and (2) to compare it with the Durnin and Womersley equation, which is one of the most used anthropometric equations for FM assessment.

Design:
Body mass, stature and four skinfolds (biceps, triceps, subscapular and supracrestal) were assessed by an accredited anthropometrist, according to the International Society for Advancement in Kinanthropometry. Participants completed a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) whole-body scan to determine their %FM. A new anthropometric equation to estimate %FM was developed using multiple forward regression analyses with DXA as the reference method. Tests for the accuracy of the different equations included mean differences, coefficient of determination, SE of the estimate (SEE), concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Bland–Altman plots.

Setting:
Spain.

Participants:
Two hundred and eighteen healthy Caucasian participants aged 18–65 years participated in this cross-sectional study.

Results:
Our proposed equation explained 89·9 % of the variance in the DXA-derived %FM, with a low random error (SEE = 3·00 %), a very strong agreement (CCC = 0·93), no fixed or proportional bias and a relatively low individual variability (5·84 %). However, the Durnin and Womersley equations obtained a fixed bias of –3·65 % when compared with DXA and a greater individual variability (6·74 %).

Conclusions:
The proposed equation can accurately estimate %FM in a heterogeneous Caucasian population with a wide age range (18–65 years). Additionally, the Durnin and Womersley equation was inadequate when applied to our participants.
A Long and Winding Path Through Space Weather Research
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractI have written my scientific bio concerning various topics of Space Weather with the aim of coming up with pointers to help young people with their careers. I have worked in other areas of Space Physics, but to include them would make this article even more disjoint than this article is already. I will introduce encounters with some of our scientific “luminaries” that were instrumental in my career. One of them, my thesis advisor at University of California at Berkeley, Kinsey Anderson said “whatever you do while doing science, have fun”. This is about the best piece of advice that I can pass down to you no matter what path you take, doing detailed data analysis research, theory or management. Moral #1. Listen to your elders. They can give you great advice! Sometimes. I will offer other pieces of advice, but will sometimes not call them out specifically.
Wildfire Emissions Offset More Permafrost Ecosystem Carbon Sink in the 21st Century
Authors: Zhu Xingru , Jia Gensuo , Xu Xiyan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPermafrost ecosystems in high‐latitudes stock a large amount of carbon and are vulnerable to wildfires under climate warming. However, major knowledge gap remains in the effects of direct carbon loss from increasing wildfire biomass burning on permafrost ecosystem carbon sink. In this study, we used observation‐derived data sets and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) simulations to investigate how carbon emissions from wildfire biomass burning offset permafrost ecosystem carbon sink under climate warming in the 21st century. We show that the fraction of permafrost ecosystem carbon sink offset by wildfire emissions was 14%–25% during the past two decades. The fraction is projected to be 28%–45% at the end of this century under different warming scenarios. The weakening carbon sink is caused by greater increase in wildfire emissions than net ecosystem production in permafrost regions under climate warming. The increased fraction of ecosystem carbon sink offset by wildfire carbon loss is especially pronounced in continuous permafrost region during the past two decades. Although uncertainties exist in simulations of wildfire emissions and ecosystem carbon budget, results from different models still show that wildfire emissions offset more permafrost ecosystem carbon sink in the 21st century. These findings highlight that carbon sink capacity of permafrost ecosystems is increasingly threatened by wildfires under the warming climate.
Shifted Flood and Ecology Regimes Due To Channel Bar Greening and Increased Flow Resistance in a Large Dammed River
Authors: Hu Yong , Deng Jinyun , Li Dongfeng , Lu Xixi , Zhou Junxiong , Wang Chenglong , Li Yitian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDamming profoundly affects downstream flow‐sediment regimes, altering channel bar dynamics and thereby affecting floods and riverine biodiversity. Here, we investigate the response of bars to upstream damming by examining patterns, mechanisms, and impacts in the Middle Yangtze River (∼1,000 km). Over a decade of post‐damming observational data reveal substantial increases in bar revegetation and Leaf Area Index. Shorter flood duration and stable bar size collectively drive bar greening. Consequently, denser vegetation has slowed flow velocity by 17% ± 2% and increased flow resistance by 21% ± 5%, offsetting the water‐level decrease from channel expansion due to scouring and even causing a slight rise in floodwater levels. Furthermore, damming has markedly altered river connectivity, thermal regimes, and solute dynamics, detrimentally affecting fish habitats and aquatic life. These findings, along with refined river stage simulation considering flow‐sediment‐vegetation interactions, facilitate sustainable reservoir operation and river management in big river systems.