bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКАЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ АБСОРБЦИОННО-РЕЗОРБЦИОННОЙ ХОЛОДИЛЬНОЙ МАШИНЫ В СИСТЕМЕ ТРИГЕНЕРАЦИИ МАЛОЙ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ
Authors: Морозюк Л. И. , Грудка Б. Г. 
Published: January 2017

Современная система тригенерации состоит из энергетической установки, оборудования регенерации тепла и холодильной машины. В малой энергетике она решает проблемы удаленных от центральных систем энергоснабжения населенных пунктов и независимых малых производств, повышая эффективность использования первичной энергии. На примере фермерского хозяйства показано формирование малой системы тригенерации. Обоснован выбор водоаммиачной абсорбционно-резорбционной холодильной машины (АРХМ) для производства холода. Оценена энергетическая эффективность холодильной машины, работающей в температурном режиме системы тригенерации малой энергетики
Ecuador, microcrédito: ¿Negocio o inclusión financiera?
Authors: Salinas Vásquez Juanita 
Published: January 2017

A matched difference between the effective rate that banks and other not government institutions that work with microcredit charge and the effective rate charged by some saving and credit cooperative is presented here. Four basic criterions argument the situation: the possibility of reaching scale economies, high performance, the handle of operational costs and finally the need of credit risk protection.
Reflexiones acerca de una acción colectiva juvenil: la “Marcha de la Gorra” y su multiplicidad
Authors: Bonvillani Andrea , Chaboux Melania Agustina 
Published: January 2017

<p>Desde 2007, la Marcha de la Gorra irrumpe en el centro de la ciudad de Córdoba (Argentina) demandando la transformación de la política de seguridad de la Provincia, por considerarla violatoria de los derechos humanos de los jóvenes de sectores populares. El enfoque metodológico de la investigación que originó este artículo se enmarca en la “Etnografía de eventos” (en el sentido propuesto por la antropóloga Borges). Nuestro propósito es analizar la Marcha en su diversidad y complejidad, evitando caer en cualquier tipo de esencialismo o pretensión unificadora.</p><p>Las líneas de sentido que permiten mostrar la cualidad de multiplicidad como clave analítica de la Marcha son varias. No obstante, en este artículo focalizaremos en la compleja diversidad de demandas y actores que se articulan en esta acción colectiva juvenil. Al mismo tiempo proponemos, a manera de hipótesis, una lectura sobre el impacto que esta multiplicidad tiene respecto de su potencialidad política. </p>
Olhares, pensamentos e ações de jovens indígenas Guarani Kaiowá da reserva indígena de Dourados, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Stefanes Pacheco Rosely Aparecida , Ribeiro Fernandes Gilmar , Aquino Soares Tiago Fernando , Stefanes Pacheco Carlos Gabriel 
Published: January 2017

<p>O presente texto propõe uma reflexão sobre o processo de participação política dos jovens indígenas Guarani Kaiowá da Reserva Indígena de Dourados, Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Um dos objetivos é descrever, refletir a partir da análise das iniciativas de ações deste “novo sujeito político” autodenominado de “adolescentes e jovens indígenas”, sobre o processo de articulação e mobilização, diante de uma situação de extrema violência a que foram submetidos. Estes sujeitos estão dialogando, sobretudo, com o espaço virtual, ilustrado pelas redes sociais na rede mundial de computadores. Utilizam, sobretudo, estas novas tecnologias em favor da luta de seu povo na busca pela efetivação de seus direitos fundamentais. Desta forma, as ações destes jovens e adolescentes indígenas, destacam-se em movimentos de resistência e passam a estabelecer seu protagonismo.</p>
Situações Propostas no Livro Didático de Matemática Utilizado no Ensino Médio Integrado à Educação Profissional: Contexto e Aplicações
Authors: Vieira Vanice Da Silva Freitas , Curi Edda 
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o resultado da análise das situações matemáticas que são propostas no livro didático utilizado em um curso de Ensino Médio Integrado à Educação Profissional. A análise do livro baseou-se em pesquisa documental e requereu uma revisão bibliográfica sobre contextualização e Enfoque Ontossemiótico do Conhecimento e Educação Matemática. Em relação ao contexto, foram investigadas as situações apresentadas na introdução dos conteúdos e nas atividades propostas. No que se refere aos conhecimentos prévios e emergentes, foram analisadas somente as atividades propostas. Verificou-se que, nas atividades de introdução, prevalece o contexto da realidade; e nas propostas, o da própria Matemática. Esses dados mostram a expressividade de atividades de cálculos algorítmicos, que contribuem para a aprendizagem de técnicas e propriedades, mas não para o desenvolvimento do pensamento crítico do aluno. Assim, considera-se que os autores poderiam ter distribuído as atividades de maneira mais uniforme. Ressalta-se ainda que as atividades também não contemplam a realidade da área técnica.
Technology Update: Custom Biological Produced Water Treatment Yields Fast Oil Recovery Boost in Waterflood
Authors: Karicherla P. , Clement B. G. , Kozicki K. M. , Samuel M. B. , Meling T. 
Published: January 2017

Technology Update
Improving oil production from mature fields is a significant challenge because of rising recovery costs and fluctuating crude oil prices. Although large investments are made in finding new reserves, typically more than 60% of discovered oil is left behind. Thus, the use of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies is necessary to bring more of this oil into production. This article describes how the use of a biological EOR technique that applied produced water for reservoir flooding in a mature field led to rapid and substantial increases in oil production.
Glori Energy’s Activated Environment for Recovery of Oil (AERO) technology is a biological EOR method in which customized nutrients are injected into the reservoir to activate native microbes. The ensuing microbial activity improves oil mobility and leads to increased production in waterflooded sandstone reservoirs.
Use of the technology involves minimal capital spending and low operating costs, and applications can use existing field infrastructure. Reservoirs respond quickly to the use of the method, showing higher oil rates and increased oil cuts. Recovery is increased, and the economic life of the field is extended.
Oil fields are screened in a two-step process that includes reservoir analysis and treatment design. Reservoir analysis involves geological assessment to determine key characteristics such as porosity, permeability, structural alignment, net pay, oil gravity, injector/producer continuity, and historical production response. The analysis allows for a quick review of multiple fields to select the one predicted to benefit most from biological EOR.
Treatment design comprises biochemical testing and nutrient formulation. The process starts with the sampling of reservoir fluids under controlled conditions, using specialized equipment from pertinent locations such as injection, production, and source-water wells. Chemical analysis is begun immediately upon the sample’s arrival to determine the physicochemical characteristics of oil and water. Biological testing comprises assessing the viability of native microbial populations, developing a customized nutrient blend tailored to the field, and confirming the suitability of injection water for supporting microbial activity.
Faster Rate of Penetration in Hard Chalk: Proving a New Hypothesis for Drilling Dynamics
Authors: Carpenter Chris 
Published: January 2017

This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper SPE 173068, “Faster ROP in Hard Chalk: Proving a New Hypothesis for Drilling Dynamics,” by Eirik Akutsu, SPE, and Mads Rødsjø, SPE, Det Norske; John Gjertsen and Mats Andersen, SPE, NOV; Nils Reimers, SPE, and Morten Granhøy- Lieng, SPE, Tomax; and Ellen Strøm, SPE, and Kjell Arvid Horvei, SPE, Halliburton, prepared for the 2015 SPE/IADC Drilling Conference and Exhibition, London, 17–19 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.
Large areas of the North Sea contain Cretaceous sediments, which form a massive hard layer of chalk that historically has presented a major drilling risk and expense to operators in the area. To mitigate such problems, a Norwegian operator gathered an integrated team to thoroughly analyze drilling records and lessons learned from previous offset wells and to re-engineer the drilling process. The positive results of this effort are described in the paper.
Introduction
In 2011, an operator initiated preparations for drilling a series of deep, high-pressure/ high-temperature exploration wells in the Norwegian part of the central North Sea. Given the depth of the exploration objectives, the first three wells in the program had to penetrate a massive body of hard Cretaceous chalk belonging to the Shetland geological group. Acknowledging the challenge and the fact that a discovery would lead to the drilling of successive wells though the same troublesome interval, an integrated team representing both the operator and technologists from the key suppliers was assembled. Individuals from this same group are the authors of this paper. The team’s task was to produce and execute a strategy that made it possible to drill the entire 12¼-in.-hole section, including the hard chalk, in one bit run.
In order to accomplish the goal of completing the entire section in one bit run, a basic strategy was formulated by the team leader: Drill with a high point load, and preserve a defined bottomhole cutting pattern. The strategy was built on the hypothesis that the drill-bit cutters are not the primary source of stick/slip vibrations in hard chalk.
Beta Blockade and Clinical Outcomes in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Chang Melody M. , Raval Ronak N. , Southerland Jessie J. , Adewumi Dare A. , Bahjri Khaled A. , Samuel Rajeev K. , Woods Rafeek O. , Ajayi Olaide O. , Lee Bryan S. , Hsu Frank P. K. , Applegate II Richard L. , Dorotta Ihab R. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhages are frequently complicated by hypertension and neurogenic myocardial stunning. Beta blockers may be used for management of these complications. We sought to investigate sympathetic nervous system modulation by beta blockers and their effect on radiographic vasospasm, delayed cerebral infarction, discharge destination and death.

Methods:
Retrospective chart review of 218 adults admitted to the ICU between 8/2004 and 9/2010 was performed. Groups were identified relevant to beta blockade: 77 were never beta blocked (No/No), 123 received post-admission beta blockers (No/Yes), and 18 were continued on their home beta blockers (Yes/Yes). Records were analyzed for baseline characteristics and the development of vasospasm, delayed cerebral infarction, discharge destination and death, expressed as adjusted odds ratio.

Results:
Of the 218 patients 145 patients developed vasospasm, 47 consequently infarcted, and 53 died or required care in a long-term facility. When compared to No/No patients, No/Yes patients had significantly increased vasospasm (OR 2.11 (1.06-4.16)). However, these patients also had significantly fewer deaths or need for long term care (OR 0.17 (0.05-0.64)), with decreased tendency for infarcts (OR 0.70 (0.32-1.55)). When compared to No/No patients, Yes/Yes patients demonstrated a trend toward increased vasospasm (OR 1.61 (0.50-5.29)) that led to infarction (OR 1.51 (0.44-5.13)), but with decreased mortality or need for long term care in a facility (OR 0.13 (0.01-1.30)).

Conclusion:
Post-admission beta blockade in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients was associated with increased incidence of vasospasm. However, despite the increased occurrence of vasospasm, beta blockers were associated with improved discharge characteristics and fewer deaths.
A Review of Current Regenerative Medicine Strategies that Utilize Nanotechnology to Treat Cartilage Damage
Authors: Kumar R. , Griffin M. , Butler P.E. 
Published: January 2017

Background:Cartilage is an important tissue found in a variety of anatomical locations. Damage to cartilage is particularly detrimental, owing to its intrinsically poor healing capacity. Current reconstructive options for cartilage repair are limited, and alternative approaches are required. Biomaterial science and Tissue engineering are multidisciplinary areas of research that integrate biological and engineering principles for the purpose of restoring premorbid tissue function. Biomaterial science traditionally focuses on the replacement of diseased or damaged tissue with implants. Conversely, tissue engineering utilizes porous biomimetic scaffolds, containing cells and bioactive molecules, to regenerate functional tissue. However, both paradigms feature several disadvantages. Faced with the increasing clinical burden of cartilage defects, attention has shifted towards the incorporation of Nanotechnology into these areas of regenerative medicine.Methods:Searches were conducted on Pubmed using the terms “cartilage”, “reconstruction”, “nanotechnology”, “nanomaterials”, “tissue engineering” and “biomaterials”. Abstracts were examined to identify articles of relevance, and further papers were obtained from the citations within.Results:The content of 96 articles was ultimately reviewed. The literature yielded no studies that have progressed beyondin vitroandin vivoexperimentation. Several limitations to the use of nanomaterials to reconstruct damaged cartilage were identified in both the tissue engineering and biomaterial fields.Conclusion:Nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties that interact with biological systems in novel ways, potentially opening new avenues for the advancement of constructs used to repair cartilage. However, research into these technologies is in its infancy, and clinical translation remains elusive.
High Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the Age Range of 20-39 Years Old Individuals in Lome
Authors: Kolou Malewe , Katawa Gnatoulma , Salou Mounerou , Gozo-Akakpo Komlan Selom , Dossim Sika , Kwarteng Alexander , Prince-David Mireille 
Published: January 2017

Background:Hepatitis B is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It affects all women and men irrespective of age. Although sub-Saharan Africa is an area of high prevalence of this disease, data on the prevalence of acute and chronic HBV infections in this region remain to be widely documented.Objective:This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HBV in relation to age in Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Campus (CHU-C), one of the two teaching hospitals of Lome, Togo.Method:The present study is a cross-sectional study about the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage from 2009 to 2011. All study participants were screened for HBsAg at the Immunology laboratory of CHU Campus of Lome.Results:One thousand two hundred individuals were screened for HBsAg from 2009-2011. The overall prevalence of HBV infection was 19.08%. This prevalence was significantly higher in men (25.00%) than women (14.80%). The highest prevalence of HBV was observed in age range of 20-29 years and 30-39 years with respectively 26.33% and 21.67%. The lowest prevalence was 6.08%, found in people over 50 years. Concerning the clinical indication of the test, the prevalence during the clinical abnormalities related to liver (CARL) was the highest (26.21%), followed by the systematic screening (SS) with 20.25% while the pre-operative assessment (POA) showed the lowest prevalence with 5.56%.Conclusion:The study shows the high prevalence of HBsAg carriage in young people. This could be used to enhance prevention and treatment of HBV infection in Togo.
Clash of Ideas and Sensibility in the writings of Joseph Conrad and Chinua Achebe
Authors: Kaur Gurnoor 
Published: January 2017

The topic of this case study is Clash of ideas and sensibility in writings of Joseph Conrad and Chinua Achebe. I have portrayed how both the authors have represented Africa in their writings. Joseph Conrad is a European whereas Chinua Achebe is an African. Both of them have contrary views about the people of Africa and Africa as a country. Both show some of the effects that the white colonists had on the area, and the influence they had on the natives. In Heart of Darkness, we see the influence of Kurtz over the natives at the Inner Station, where they revered him almost as a god. At the other stations, we also see the natives being affected by the white colonists, changing their ways of living around the station, and following what the white men's command, for the most part. In Things Fall Apart, we see this in Okonkwo’s home village, where the white colonists set up a District Commissioner (D.C), and the natives bend to the laws he sets, even helping him enforce them. This completely changes their previous way of life.
The Nature of God and Man in the writings of Guru Nanak
Authors: Kaur Ashmeet 
Published: January 2017

My study is about the Nature of God and Man reflected in the writings of Guru Nanak and the relation between the two. Though it’s difficult to understand the two individually but there exists a link which binds the two together. Guru Nanak’s way of approach to religion and its aspect urged a belief in him that altogether resulted in dealing life and the world differently in a mode which he created. He started a new way of religion with new philosophies and teachings which took the time to owe its place in the society. Though his ideologies stand out different from others but these teachings and sayings, somewhere, were something which talked about the unknown reality i.e. the power, the reality that exists within the same world without our knowledge. In the Holy Book, Guru Granth Sahib Ji, Nanak himself and through his Successors have talked about ideal nature of God and the True nature of Man. Nanak says that we are men of evil deeds but we all, in the end, come to the feet of Lord in His Honour to make ourselves honorable. My study also talks about the link between God and Man in terms of their nature which relate each other in every aspect.
Da fazenda à cidade: a territorialização da dádiva na formação de Poço Fundo (MG)
Authors: Lyra Ana Claudia 
Published: January 2017

Resumo: O artigo analisa a prática social da doação de terras como uma das baseshistóricas de formação dos atuais campos de poder econômico e político que estruturam o espaço físico, social e simbólico da cidade de Poço Fundo (MG). Com base em insights presentes no exame antropológico da dádiva realizado por Mauss, investigo a lógica sociossimbólica da doação de terras pelos fazendeiros e a dinâmica de subordinação política que tais doações põem em jogo na cidade, transformando os fazendeiros doadores em chefes locais. Como parte de um estudo histórico mais amplo da formação do espaço sociogeográfico de Poço Fundo, pretendo indicaro processo de “territorialização da dádiva” como um dos desdobramentos da sua “matrizterritorial”, isto é, da tradicional fazenda cafeeira, um modelo de organização sociossimbólicado território que prepondera até hoje nas formas pelas quais a cidade é social e culturalmente percebida, apropriada e vivenciada pelos seus habitantes.Palavras-chave: Dádiva; espaço geográfico e rural; poder político local; Poço Fundo; territorialização. Abstract: The article analyzes the social practice of land donation as one of thehistorical bases for the formation of the current fields of economic and political power thatstructure the physical, social and symbolic space of the city of Poço Fundo (MG). Based oninsights present in Mauss’ anthropological investigation of the gift, I examine the social-symboliclogic of land donations carried out by farmers and the dynamic of political subordination thatstems from such donations, transforming donor farmers into local leaders. As part of a largerhistorical study of the occupation and transformation of Poço Fundo’s social-geographic space,I intend to indicate the process of “territorialization of the gift” as one of the offsprings of its “territorial matrix”, that is, the traditional coffee plantation, a model of social-symbolical organization that prevails till today in the forms whereby the city is socially and culturallyperceived, appropriated and experienced by its inhabitants.Keywords Geographical and rural space; gift; local political power; Poço Fundo; territorialization.
O desfio de planejar e produzir expansão urbana com qualidade: a experiência colombiana dos planos parciais em Bogotá, Colômbia
Authors: Santoro Paula Freire 
Published: January 2017

Resumo: O artigo discute a necessidade de planejar o crescimento urbano em extensãonas cidades latino-americanas face à exacerbada mercantilização do desenvolvimentourbano que envolve disponibilizar áreas urbanizáveis e atender às estratégias do mercado interessado na dispersão e em ganhos especulativos, nem sempre produzindo espaços comqualidade urbano-ambiental ou dando conta das necessidades habitacionais. Reconhecendoa perversidade desse quadro e admitindo-se que o crescimento em extensão é um padrão recorrente, procurou-se visitar a experiência colombiana que obriga os municípios a planejarema expansão urbana em diversas escalas, articulando plano urbano, execução e investimentos. Este processo centralizador, elaborado essencialmente por técnicos, parece ter tido resultados urbanos: produziu preventivamente novas áreas urbanizadas com qualidade em Bogotá edeixou aos empreendedores privados a construção da habitação. No entanto, manteve algumas características do padrão periférico de crescimento, como a não mescla de classes sociais, a concentração de habitação distante de outros usos ou trabalho.Palavras-chave Bogotá; Colômbia; expansão urbana; planejamento urbano; plano parcial; plano urbano. Abstract: The paper discusses the possibility of planning urban growth in LatinAmerican cities facing the radicalization of urban sprawl, mercantilization of urban landand speculative land markets that seldom produce spaces of quality, neither respond to housing needs. Recognizing this model as inadequate, and assuming that urban growth is a recurring pattern, this paper brings the Colombian experience, which requires municipalities to planurban expansion in many realms, concerning urban plans, implementation and investmentson settlements. This centralized process, developed essentially by experts, seems to have produced positive achievements: produced good quality urbanized areas in Bogota while leaving housing building to private developers. However, some patterns of peripheral growth were mantained,such as social homogeinity and settlements distant from other urban activities.Keywords: Bogota; Colombia; partial plan; urban plan; urban planning;urban sprawl.