bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Great Divide: Country of birth as a risk factor for obstetric anal sphincter injuries
Authors: Brown James , Kapurubandara Supuni , Gibbs Emma , King Jennifer 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundObstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) can complicate up to 6% of births and are a major contributor to preventable maternal morbidity. Asian women have a risk of third and fourth degree perineal tears up to four times greater than women of other ethnicities in the same community, but the lack of differentiation of Asian women into regional groups has limited insight into the reasons behind their increased risk.AimsTo investigate risk of OASIS associated with country of birth.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all women with a singleton, nulliparous pregnancy who delivered vaginally by spontaneous vaginal birth or an instrumental delivery between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2015. The demographics of women who experienced OASIS were compared with those women who had minor perineal trauma.ResultsFrom January 2009 to December 2015 there were 10 750 singleton, nulliparous and natural vaginal birth (NVB), forceps or vacuum deliveries. Of these deliveries, 581 (5.4%) werehad third degree tears and 36 (0.3%) fourth degree tears. Women born in South Asia were at a much higher risk of OASIS than other groups, including women born in other Asian countries, compared to the Australian/New Zealand cohort. One in every 10 nulliparous South Asian women having a singleton vaginal or instrumental delivery will sustain an OASIS.ConclusionsOur study further confirms the role of Asian ethnicity in the risk of OASIS, and is the second to confirm that South Asian women are at a dramatically increased risk.
Bereaved parents’ experience of care and follow‐up after stillbirth in Sydney hospitals
Authors: Bond Diana , Raynes‐Greenow Camille , Gordon Adrienne 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundDespite stillbirth being identified as one of the most traumatic events a woman can experience, there is a lack of evidence on which to inform best practice in hospital and follow‐up care.AimsThe aim of this study was to identify which strategies are most valued by parents regarding care following stillbirth in order to improve the support and management of grieving families.MethodMixed methods questionnaires were sent to bereaved participants of the Sydney Stillbirth Study. Questionnaires included a combination of fixed and open‐ended responses regarding two critical areas: the participant's hospital stay and their follow‐up care. We analysed the qualitative data using thematic analysis.ResultsOf the 103 women who experienced a stillbirth, 36 responded to the questionnaire. Responders were more likely to have private obstetric care (odds ratio (OR) 4.7, 95% CI 1.7–12.7) and be tertiary educated (OR 6.2, 95% CI 2.3–16.8). Three key themes relating to hospital management of stillbirth were identified: the emotional response to grief, the educational importance of being guided through the grief process, and the environmental aspects of adequate time and appropriate physical space. Families preferred not to be seen in an antenatal setting for follow‐up.ConclusionsSimple key components of care including a sensitive and respectful approach, offering guidance as to creating memories, and arranging follow‐up care in a quiet and private environment are valued by families experiencing a stillbirth. Incorporating these into practice is achievable and could benefit both families and caregivers.
Editorial: replacing standard proton pump inhibitors with vonoprazan may breathe new life into triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori—authors’ reply
Authors: Jung Y. S. , Kim E. H. , Park C. H. 
Published: August 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Jung and Bardhan papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14198 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14130.
Editorial: oesophageal dilation in eosinophilic oesophagitis—can and should, but when and how? Authors’ reply
Authors: Moawad F. J. , Lucendo A. J. , Molina‐Infante J. 
Published: August 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Moaward et al and Kia and Hirano papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14216 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14123.
The quality after culture in vitro or in vivo of porcine oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro and their ability to develop to term
Authors: Nakamura Yoshiyuki , Tajima Sigeyuki , Kikuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe quality of porcine blastocysts produced in vitro is poor in comparison with those that develop in vivo. We examined the quality of in vitro‐matured and fertilized (IVM/IVF) oocytes, their abilities to develop to blastocysts under in vivo and in vitro conditions, and the potential of the embryos to develop to term after transfer. IVM/IVF oocytes were either transferred and the embryos recovered on Days 5 and 6 (100% and 87.5%, respectively) (‘ET‐vivo’ embryos), or cultured in vitro for 5 or 6 days (‘IVC’ embryos). The proportion of blastocysts differed significantly between the two groups on Day 5 (20.6% and 8.0%, respectively), but not on Day 6 (23.8% and 21.2%, respectively). The mean number of cells in ET‐vivo blastocysts on Days 5 or 6 was significantly higher (72.8 and 78.7, respectively) than that in IVC blastocysts (22.1 and 39.7, respectively). When IVM/IVF oocytes and IVC blastocysts on Day 6 were transferred, all (three and three, respectively) developed to piglets (16 and 16, respectively), without any difference in the rates of development to term (2.1% and 2.6%, respectively). These data suggest that, although blastocyst production differs between the two culture conditions, IVM/IVF oocytes possess the same ability to develop to term.
Changes in some blood parameters, milk composition and yield of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) during the transition period
Authors: Fiore Enrico , Giambelluca Sonia , Morgante Massimo , Contiero Barbara , Mazzotta Elisa , Vecchio Domenico , Vazzana Irene , Rossi Pasquale , Arfuso Francesca , Piccione Giuseppe , Gianesella Matteo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this study changes in hematochemical parameters, milk composition and yield were investigated in buffaloes during the transition period. A total of 93 buffaloes 113.9 ± 8.03 months old and 535 ± 50 kg average body weight were used. Parity was recorded, blood samples were collected from 80 days pre‐partum until 70 days post‐partum; milk samples were collected from 5 days to 70 days post‐partum. On serum samples, the values of non‐esterified fatty acids, β‐hydroxybutyrate, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma‐glutamyltransferase, urea, total proteins were evaluated. On milk, percentage of fat, protein and lactose, along with the somatic cell count (SCC), milk yield and daily milk production (DMP) were assessed. The peripartum period significantly (P ≤ 0.01) influenced all studied parameters with the exception of glucose. Milk fat percentage showed decreasing trend from 10 until 40 days post‐partum;DMPsignificantly (P ≤ 0.01) increased from 1 day post‐partum until 40 days post‐partum. Milk yield significantly (P ≤ 0.01) decreased in animals over the sixth lactation. Our results confirmed the importance of transit period in buffaloes. Blood parameters and milk composition alterations are crucial to predict the energy balance status of buffaloes in order to improve their management and feed intake during the transition period.
Pathological findings of Japanese Black Cattle living in the restricted area of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, 2013–2016
Authors: Sasaki Jun , Hiratani Kayoko , Sato Itaru , Satoh Hiroshi , Deguchi Yoshitaka , Chida Hiroyuki , Natsuhori Masahiro , Murata Takahisa , Ochiai Kenji , Otani Kumiko , Okada Keiji , Ito Nobuhiko 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFifty‐one Japanese black cattle from four farms in the evacuation zone of the Fukushima nuclear accident were examined pathologically during the period, 2013–2016. We found no evidence of a radiation effect on pathological findings in any of these autopsy cases, although nine cases (3.7%) of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and three cases (1.2%) of goiter were diagnosed. Estimated integrating dose of external exposure in EBL cases ranged from a maximum of 1200 mSv to a minimum of 72 mSv. Clinically, five cases showed wobble, dysstasia or paralysis. Exophthalmos was observed in three cases. Macroscopically, enlarged lymph nodes, multiple irregular masses of intra‐abdominal and intrapelvic adipose tissue, diffuse thickening of the abomasal submucosa with ulceration, and numerous white nodules of myocardium were observed. Histologically, neoplastic lymphoid cells were extensively proliferated and infiltrated in the lesions. Lymphoid tumor cells showed mature or large lymphoblastic appearance. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for BLA‐36, CD20 and CD5, and negative for CD3. Three cases showed diffuse enlargement of the thyroid gland with no mass or nodule lesion. Histologically, diffuse proliferation of follicular epithelium was observed with preservation of normal structures. There were no malignant findings such as cellular atypia or invasion to capsule.
A method for estimating radioactive cesium concentrations in cattle blood using urine samples
Authors: Sato Itaru , Yamagishi Ryoma , Sasaki Jun , Satoh Hiroshi , Miura Kiyoshi , Kikuchi Kaoru , Otani Kumiko , Okada Keiji 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the region contaminated by the Fukushima nuclear accident, radioactive contamination of live cattle should be checked before slaughter. In this study, we establish a precise method for estimating radioactive cesium concentrations in cattle blood using urine samples. Blood and urine samples were collected from a total of 71 cattle on two farms in the ‘difficult‐to‐return zone’. Urine137Cs, specific gravity, electrical conductivity,pH, sodium, potassium, calcium, and creatinine were measured and various estimation methods for blood137Cs were tested. The average error rate of the estimation was 54.2% without correction. Correcting for urine creatinine, specific gravity, electrical conductivity, or potassium improved the precision of the estimation. Correcting for specific gravity using the following formula gave the most precise estimate (average error rate = 16.9%): [blood137Cs] = [urinary137Cs]/([specific gravity] − 1)/329. Urine samples are faster to measure than blood samples because urine can be obtained in larger quantities and has a higher137Cs concentration than blood. These advantages of urine and the estimation precision demonstrated in our study, indicate that estimation of blood137Cs using urine samples is a practical means of monitoring radioactive contamination in live cattle.
Virtual laboratory—Using a hand movement recognition system to improve the quality of chemical education
Authors: Wolski Robert , Jagodziński Piotr 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe rapid development of information and communication technologies has enabled the development of interfaces, which allow the recognition of the gestures and movements of the user. These interfaces, due to their affordable prices, are available to a wide range of users. They are called natural user interfaces (NUI). NUI are commonly used in game consoles and electronic devices, such as smartphones and tablets. We used the Kinect sensor from Microsoft in our studies to identify the movements and gestures of the user. This interface was used by us in teaching Chemistry in a Middle School and High School by developing a virtual chemical laboratory, which is based on a system of hand movements. We have analyzed the gestures and movements of the virtual chemical laboratory user to determine how they raise the effectiveness in chemical education. The results show how much better students work with a virtual laboratory, when studied by us in chemical areas, that concerned remembering information, understanding information, applying their experience in situations familiar to them from school and in solving chemical problems.
The anatomy of information cascades in the classroom: An observational study
Authors: Vaquero Luis M. , Rodero‐Merino Luis , Cuadrado Félix 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOnline learning platforms offer students the option of sharing content. They have become common tools in many universities over the last 10 years. But there is little information about how content spreads in the classroom, ie, how information cascades appear and evolve and what factors are relevant for the formation of cascades. This work analyses information cascades in the classroom, bringing new insights on student learning: students do not share much content, they prefer to share the content they find themselves as opposed to professor‐given content, they share more data towards the end of the course and they do it in bursts. The paper also reveals different behaviour by high‐performing students: their interactions are distributed more evenly over the term, their behaviour is more stable and they tend to share documents faster than low‐performing students. Documents with high information tend to be less shared. Documents with fewer well‐known entities are also shared fewer times. Paradoxically, high‐performing students exchange more documents with high information, compared to mid‐ and low‐performing students.
Antiglycation and anti‐oxidant efficiency of carnosine in the plasma and liver of aged rats
Authors: Bingül İlknur , Yılmaz Zülbiye , Aydın A. Fatih , Çoban Jale , Doğru‐Abbasoğlu Semra , Uysal Müjdat 
Published: August 2017

AimIncreases in oxidative stress and advanced glycation end‐products (AGE) formation play an important role in the pathogenesis of aging. Carnosine (CAR; β‐alanyl‐L‐histidine) has anti‐oxidant and antiglycating properties. We investigated the effect of CAR supplementation on AGE levels, and protein and lipid oxidation products in the serum and liver tissue in aged rats.MethodsYoung (3 months‐of‐age) and aged (20 months‐of‐age) rats were injected with CAR (250 mg/kg/daily; i.p.; 5 days per week) for 2 months. At the end of this period, AGE, protein carbonyl, advanced oxidized protein products, and malondialdehyde levels were determined in the serum and liver tissue. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species formation and ferric reducing anti‐oxidant power values were measured.ResultsAGE, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and advanced oxidized protein products levels, and reactive oxygen species formation were higher in the serum and liver tissue of aged rats compared with young rats. CAR treatment was observed to significantly decrease AGE, malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl and advanced oxidized protein products levels, and reactive oxygen species formation in the serum and liver of aged rats.ConclusionsThese results clearly show that CAR might be useful for decreasing glycoxidant stress in aged rats. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2610–2614.
Topological controls on the dissolution kinetics of glassy aluminosilicates
Authors: Oey Tandré , Kumar Aditya , Pignatelli Isabella , Yu Yingtian , Neithalath Narayanan , Bullard Jeffrey W. , Bauchy Mathieu , Sant Gaurav 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFly ash which encompasses a mixture of glassy and crystalline aluminosilicates is an abundant supplementary cementitious material (SCM), valuable for replacing ordinary portland cement (OPC) in the binder fraction in concrete. Because higher OPC replacement levels are desired, it is critically important to better understand and quantify fly ash reactivity. By combining molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and vertical scanning interferometry (VSI), this study establishes that the reactivity of the glassy fractions in a fly ash with water (i.e., their aqueous dissolution rate) is controlled by the number of constraints placed on atoms within the disordered aluminosilicate network. More precisely, an Arrhenius‐like dependence of dissolution rates on the atomic network topology is observed. Such topological controls on fly ash reactivity are highlighted for a range of U.S. commercial fly ashes spanning CaO‐enriched and SiO2‐enriched compositions. The structure‐property relationships reported herein establish an improved framework to control and estimate fly ash‐cement interactions in concrete.
Dynamic optical coherence tomography of skin blood vessels – proposed terminology and practical guidelines
Authors: Ulrich M. , Themstrup L. , de Carvalho N. , Ciardo S. , Holmes J. , Whitehead R. , Welzel J. , Jemec G.B.E. , Pellacani G. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundDynamic optical coherence tomography (D‐OCT) has recently been introduced in dermatology. In contrast to ‘Standard’ OCT imaging, which exclusively relies on the morphological analysis of the tissue, D‐OCT allows the in vivo visualization of blood flow. Preliminary D‐OCT data showed differences in the vascularization of nevus to melanoma transition, suggesting that this technology may help to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions.ObjectiveSeveral factors may influence the quality of D‐OCT imaging. Therefore, standard operating procedures as well as a common terminology are required for better validation and comparison of the images.MethodsHere, we present practical guidelines for optimal image acquisition and a proposed terminology on vascular patterns observed by D‐OCT.ResultsDynamic OCT allows the morphologic distinction of different vascular shapes (e.g. dots, blobs, curves, lines), their distribution and organization within skin lesions.ConclusionD‐OCT adds functional information on skin microvasculature and the vascular networks within lesions.
Ameloblastic fibroma and ameloblastic fibrosarcoma: A systematic review
Authors: Chrcanovic Bruno Ramos , Brennan Peter A. , Rahimi Siavash , Gomez Ricardo Santiago 
Published: August 2017

PurposeTo integrate the available data published to date on ameloblastic fibromas (AF) and ameloblastic fibrosarcomas (AFS) into a comprehensive analysis of their clinical/radiological features.MethodsAn electronic search was undertaken in July 2017. Eligibility criteria included publications having enough clinical, radiological and histological information to confirm a definite diagnosis.ResultsA total of 244 publications (279 central AF tumours, 10 peripheral AF, 103 AFS) were included. AF and AFS differed significantly with regard to the occurrence of patients’ mean age, bone expansion, cortical bone perforation and lesion size. Recurrence rates were as follows: central AF (19.2%), peripheral AF (12.5%), AFS (all lesions, 35%), primary (de novo) AFS (28.8%) and secondary AFS (occurring after an AF, 50%). Larger lesions and older patients were more often treated by surgical resections for central AF. Segmental resection resulted in the lowest rate of recurrence for most of the lesion types. AFS treated by segmental resection had a 70.5% lower probability to recur (OR 0.295; P = .049) than marginal resection; 21.3% of the AFS patients died due to complications related to the lesion.ConclusionsVery long follow‐up is recommended for AF lesions, due to the risk of recurrence and malignant change into AFS. Segmental resection is the most recommended therapy for AFS.
Explaining State Violence in the Guatemalan Civil War: Rebel Threat and Counterinsurgency
Authors: Kubota Yuichi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLiterature on the Guatemalan Civil War has debated whether or not state violence was triggered by rebel activities. Did the government respond to each insurrection caused by the rebels, or did it blindly target regions where antigovernment antipathy and movements had historically prevailed? Because state violence was extensive during the civil war period, the dynamism of the war could have been the reason for its occurrence. Relying on the threat-response model of state violence, this article argues that human rights violations occurred when the government perceived a rebel threat that would have seriously degraded its capability in future counterinsurgencies. The article employs propensity score matching to address the problem of confounding in empirical analysis, and reveals that rebel attacks, particularly those targeting security apparatus and resulting in human injury, increased the likelihood of state violence in the Guatemalan Civil War.
Impossibility Results for Rational Belief
Authors: Schurz Gerhard 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThere are two ways of representing rational belief: qualitatively as yes‐or‐no belief, and quantitatively as degrees of belief. Standard rationality conditions are: (i) consistency and logical closure, for qualitative belief, (ii) satisfaction of the probability axioms, for quantitative belief, and (iii) a relationship between qualitative and quantitative beliefs in accordance with the Lockean thesis. In this paper, it is shown that these conditions are inconsistent with each of three further rationality conditions: fallibilism, open‐mindedness, and invariance under independent conceptual expansions. Restrictions of the Lockean thesis that have been suggested in the literature cannot remove the inconsistency. In the outlook we discuss two alternative ways of dealing with this problem: restricting conjunctive closure or going for a dual system account.
Success of preventive approach to mandibular osteoradionecrosis in an adolescent: case report.
Authors: Franco T. , Cezini M.D.C. , Metropolo L. , Ferreira D.C. , Tannure P.N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOsteoradionecrosis (ORN) is defined as the presence of ulceration or necrosis of the mucosa with exposure of necrotic bone that does not heal within a 2‐month period after radiotherapy in patients with head and neck tumours. The mandible presents a higher risk of developing ORN than the maxilla and extraction of teeth is also considered a risk factor for the development of ORN. The aim of this article was to present a clinical case where a protocol was used to prevent the development of ORN after the extraction of lower molars in an adolescent who had undergone surgical removal and radiotherapy for a mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the left parotid gland. The results showed that the protocol used was efficient in the prevention of osteoradionecrosis in this adolescent. One year after the extractions, no clinical or radiographic signs of any pathological alteration were observed in the region; the patient remains under periodical clinical and radiographic follow‐up.
Realistic Relations? How the Evolving Bilateral Relationship is Understood in China and Australia
Authors: Beeson Mark , Zeng Jinghan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractChina's remarkable economic development has had profound domestic and international effects. Among the most important of these is China's growing impact on the region of which it is an increasingly important and influential part. For countries such as Australia, which has rapidly become deeply economically integrated with – even dependent on – China, this presents a major and much‐discussed challenge as it tries to balance economic and strategic priorities. Australia provides an important and revealing illustration of how China's elites view key states in its region, which have assumed a growing economic and even strategic importance. This paper aims to develop a more comprehensive overview of the way the strategic, economic and political dimensions of the Sino–Australia relationship are understood in both countries. It also highlights the importance of realist thinking in both Australia and China.