bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative Views on the Participation of Non-Euro Zone Countries at the Bank Union
Authors: Donath Liliana , Mihutescu Cerna Veronica 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The reformation of the bank systems’ regulation and supervision in The European Union was founded on a macroprudential approach to monitor systemic risks and the vulnerabilities in a more effective way. Considered as the backbone of the new macroprudential supervision architecture, the Bank Union raises intense debates among the catching up economies. The fact that there are few studies on the costs and benefits of joining the Bank Union for the Central and Eastern European countries, explains the different views of the decision makers concerning this issue. The study stresses the manner in which macroprudential policies were implemented in Romania, as a particular case among the CEE countries, and the extent of their contribution to mitigating vulnerabilities and maintaining financial stability. The paper summarises the main arguments in favour of joining the Bank Union by emphasising the Romanian monetary authorities’ stance compared to those of the neighbouring CEE countries.
The Symbolism of Light in the Play Lait by Magdalena Barile
Authors: Dabija Irina 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Magdalena Barile is a young, but already appreciated and well known playwright, some of her work being translated and performed outside Italy. Her play Lait was played in Italy and then translated and played in England. The symbolism of light, heralded since the title, marks the whole text which can be interpreted as a metaphor of talent, of the creative energy we all possess in various degrees and shapes. Sometimes it is so pronounced it is hard to disguise, some other times it is so flimsy, it is almost unrecognisable. The purpose it is put to and the way it is used make the real difference.
The Kitsch in Theatre. Short Inventory
Authors: Ciobotari Călin 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Our study tries to answer questions such as: How is kitsch disguised in a contemporary theatre show? How does it manifest in the art of acting and staging? What does the kitsch look like in the audio and visual universe of the show? What do the kitsch-actor, the kitsch-stage director and the kitsch-spectator look like in the world of XXIst Century theatre? Can kitsch still be avoided or is this fight permanently lost?
Of Iubirea la oameni (Human Love) and Other Demons
Authors: Nechit Diana 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Being a reading performance turned into a stage representation, the text Iubirea la oameni (Human Love) signed by Dmitry Bogosvlavski is a love radioisotope into an oppressive cloister space of a Belarusian isolated community. The show with the same name created by Bogdan Sărătean surprises the stage valence of the emergence, the evolution and the extinction of this feeling, from the sacrificial love of a mother, which often conceals the faults and the sins of the children, to the brutal love that snatches what it believes as deserved, to the strength to believe in love as salvation, as redemption, as many forms to illustrate and to dramatically represent such an old theme, yet always different. The personal approach of the double distribution formed by the young 3rd degree actor students, probing their own interiority and sensibility, nuances and enhances the evolutionary line of characters’ destiny on stage in an extremely profound performance.
Two new organic-selenate salts: syntheses and crystal structures of bis(di-iso-propylammonium) selenate and di-n-butylammonium hydrogenoselenate
Authors: Diallo Waly , Diop Libasse , Diop Cheikh Abdoul Khadir , Plasseraud Laurent , Cattey Hélène 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Two new dialkyammonium selenate salts [i-Pr2NH2]2[SeO4] (1) and [n-Bu2NH2][HSeO4] (2) have been isolated and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Salt 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n with a=8.7190(5), b=8.8500(4), c=22.5953(9) Å, β=94.6290(17)°, V=1737.84(14) Å3 and Z=4. Salt 2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system space group P21/n with a=10.9328(9), b=8.1700(6), c=13.8095(11) Å, β=97.130(3)°, V=1223.94(17) Å3 and Z=4. In both salts, dialkylammonium cations and selenate anions are connected through NH···O and OH···O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal structure, 1 and 2 are organized in layer-like arrangements. Structural characterizations were completed by infrared and 1H, 13C{1H} and 77Se NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis which corroborate the X-ray elucidations.
Sustainable farming of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor for the production of food and feed
Authors: Grau Thorben , Vilcinskas Andreas , Joop Gerrit 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The farming of edible insects is an alternative strategy for the production of protein-rich food and feed with a low ecological footprint. The industrial production of insect-derived protein is more cost-effective and energy-efficient than livestock farming or aquaculture. The mealworm Tenebrio molitor is economically among the most important species used for the large-scale conversion of plant biomass into protein. Here, we review the mass rearing of this species and its conversion into food and feed, focusing on challenges such as the contamination of food/feed products with bacteria from the insect gut and the risk of rapidly spreading pathogens and parasites. We propose solutions to prevent the outbreak of infections among farmed insects without reliance on antibiotics. Transgenerational immune priming and probiotic bacteria may provide alternative strategies for sustainable insect farming.
Low-Temperature Autoignition of Diethyl Ether/O2 Mixtures: Mechanistic Considerations and Kinetic Modeling
Authors: Eble Julia , Kiecherer Johannes , Olzmann Matthias 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Autoignition processes are of fundamental kinetic importance as well as of practical relevance for combustion devices. In recent years, diethyl ether (DEE) has attracted increasing attention as a diesel additive and also serves as a test compound in fire-safety-related studies. In the present work, a kinetically parameterized reaction mechanism for the autoignition of DEE is developed. It consists of a DEE-specific part supplemented by a base mechanism taken from the literature that contains the C1/C2 hydrocarbon and the H2/O2 reaction systems. The complete mechanism is validated against experimental ignition delay times available from the literature for temperatures ranging from 500 to 1300 K and reactant pressures between 3 and 5 bar (T=500−900 K) and between 10 and 40 bar (T=900−1300 K). The absolute values and the temperature dependence of the ignition delay times are satisfactorily reproduced. This includes important autoignition characteristics such as one- and two-stage ignitions and the so-called negative temperature coefficient regime where ignition delay times increase with temperature. Detailed kinetic-mechanistic explanations for all these phenomena are given.
Behavioral Problems and Socioemotional Competence at 18 to 22 Months of Extremely Premature Children
Authors: Peralta-Carcelen Myriam , Carlo Waldemar A. , Pappas Athina , Vaucher Yvonne E. , Yeates Keith Owen , Phillips Vivien A. , Gustafson Kathryn E. , Payne Allison H. , Duncan Andrea F. , Newman Jamie E. , Bann Carla M. ,   for the Follow Up Committee of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Network
Published: May 2017

BACKGROUND:
Behavior and socioemotional development are crucial aspects of child development .

METHODS:
A total of 2505 children born at &lt;27 weeks’ gestation was evaluated at 18 to 22 months’ corrected age between January 1, 2008 and December 12, 2012 (86% follow-up). The Brief Infant and Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment was used to evaluate behavioral and socioemotional problems. Cognition and language were evaluated by using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate for perinatal and demographic factors associated with behavioral problems (≥75th percentile) and delayed socioemotional competence (≤15th percentile). Structural equation modeling with bootstrapping was used to identify possible associated risk factors and Bayley-III scores as mediators.

RESULTS:
Thirty-five percent (873) of children had behavioral problems, and 26% (637) displayed deficits in socioemotional competence. Male sex, public insurance, mothers with less than a high school education, and lower maternal age were associated with behavioral problems. Deficits in competence were associated with lower birth weight, public insurance, mothers with less than a high school education, and abnormal neuromotor exam. Bayley-III language and cognitive scores were significant mediators of the relationships between risk factors and both behavioral and competence scores (P &lt; .05).

CONCLUSIONS:
Extremely premature children are at risk for behavioral problems and deficits in socioemotional competence. Sociodemographic factors were associated with both socioemotional competence and behavioral problems. Deficits in socioemotional competence were also associated with neuromotor abnormalities and cognitive and language function
El tema de figura en silueta “Charlie Chaplin”: Un tema de Ejecutante Ritual de la América Media
Authors: Mora-Marín David F. 
Published: May 2017

Este artículo provee evidencia para la definición y origen de un tema de figuras de jade que es común en Costa Rica. Consiste de una figura de pie en pose ritual, y se argumenta que su origen se debe a la red de intercambio que conectó a los artesanos de jade de la Costa Rica precolombina y sus contemporáneos en la región maya de Mesoamérica. En la región maya, los arqueólogos les llaman figuras de “Charlie Chaplin” por su característica pose con las rodillas dobladas y los pies orientados hacia los lados. Se propone que este tema fue pan-mesoamericano, que pudo haber tenido origen en la tradición olmecas del preclásico medio y que pareciera ser el modelo para el tema del Gobernante como Eje del Mundo definido por varios escritores para las tradiciones olmecas y mayas. Se sugiere que este tema fue adoptado por los artesanos de jade de la Costa Rica precolombina, quienes lo adaptaron a los cánones artísticos locales a través de la adición de rasgos estilísticos típicos de su tradición, y quienes posiblemente derivaron un tema nuevo, compuesto de una mezcla del tema de pendiente de ave celtiforme (dios hacha aviforme) y el tema de “Charlie Chaplin” difundido, resultando en el tema de pendiente antropomórfico celtiforme (dios hacha antropomórfico). La red de intercambio que resultó en la difusión de este tema sirve para defender la necesidad de un marco teórico más inclusivo, un marco de la América Media (a diferencia de Centroamérica o Mesoamérica), para el estudio de las sociedades precolombinas de México y Centroamérica y posiblemente más allá, dada la posible presencia de este tema artístico en Colombia.
Material Related Prerequisites for Chalcopyrite Based Thin Film Solar Cells
Authors: Schock Hans-Werner 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis contribution reviews the present state of understanding of material properties of chalcopyrite based thin films in respect of application in solar cells. Specific properties of the surface and grain boundaries as well as the back contact have direct consequences for device operation. Surface reconstruction results in Cu depletion of the surface and provokes formation of an intrinsically graded structure. New information about the depth of Cu depleted surface layer is derived from grazing incidence x-ray diffraction. The origin of the charge necessary for an inversion of the surface is still open. In this context, we summarize and evaluate controversial discussions about extrinsic doping by diffusion of donors from partial electrolytes or from the buffer layer. Further open questions are the origin for low recombination velocity at grain boundaries and favorable properties of the back contact and its relation to the interface with back contact materials.
Optical Functions of Thin-Film Polycrystalline Chalcopyrite CuIn1-xGaxSe2
Authors: Han Sung-Ho , Levi Dean H. , Althani Hamda A. , Hasoon Falah S. , Bhattacharya Raghu N. , Hermann Allen M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe highest efficiency CuIn1-xGaxSe2 (CIGS) solar cells use thin-film polycrystalline CIGS absorber layers. We have applied variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) to characterize the dielectric functions of polycrystalline thin films of CIGS with Ga: (In + Ga) ratios ranging from 0.18 to 1.0. The Cu: (In + Ga) ratios in these films are approximately 0.90, which is the ratio that yields the highest efficiency CIGS devices. Spectra were measured over the energy range 0.7 to 5.0 eV at room temperatures. Models used to analyze the ellipsometry data include the full multi-layer structure of the sample, which enables us to report the actual dielectric function rather than the pseudo-dielectric function. We present data on how the critical points change with composition, and compare and contrast our results with measurements of single-crystal and bulk polycrystalline samples reported in the literature. Auger electron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction have been used to verify the homogeneity, surface roughness, and phase purity, respectively.
Bandgap Engineering of ZnO Transparent Conducting Films
Authors: Matsubara K. , Tampo H. , Yamada A. , Fons P. , Iwata K. , Sakurai K. , Niki S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLow resistivity and transparent Al doped ZnMgO films were deposited on glass substrates by a pulsed laser deposition system. For up to 32 atm% of Mg content, segregation of a MgO phase was not observed. The bandgap of these films could be widened to about 4 eV with increasing Mg content. The relation between bandgap and resistivity was found to be a trade-off; i.e. the larger the bandgap, the higher the resistivity. The maximum bandgap among films with an electrical resistivity of less than 10-3 Ω cm was 3.94 eV. The average optical transmittance of these films was more than 90 % for wavelengths λ between 400 and 1100 nm. The transmittance around λ = 330 nm was still 50 %.
Sputtered ZnTe:N and ZnO:Al for Solar Cell Electrodes and Recombination Junctions
Authors: Drayton Jennifer , Parikh V. , Rich G. , Gupta A. , Osborn T. , Bohn R.G. , Compaan A.D. , McCandless B.E. , Paulson P.D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe have used sputtered ZnTe:N and ZnO:Al as transparent electrodes for CdTe based solar cells. ZnTe:N is reactively sputtered with 3% N2 in the sputter gas. The ZnTe:N films typically have transmission near 85% above 750 nm and resistivity as low as 10 ohm-cm with fine grains of approximately 30 nm diameter. ZnO:Al is sputtered from a ZnO:Al2O3 (2%) target. The ZnO:Al films have resistivity as low as 4 × 10-4 ohm-cm with 80-95% transmission over the visible spectrum. To test the stability of the films, ZnTe:N films were annealed in argon, dry air and nitrogen at a range of temperatures from 200°C to 500°C. Annealing decreased the resistivity for temperatures up to 350°C and increased for temperatures greater than 350°C. ZnO:Al films were annealed in dry air at temperatures from 300°C to 550°C. Though the resistivity increased at higher annealing temperatures, there was no change in the transmission. Important to the function of a tandem solar cell is a transparent contact, like ZnTe:N/ZnO:Al, to replace the traditional metal contact to the CdS/CdTe solar cell. We investigate the ZnTe:N/ ZnO:Al bilayer as a possible recombination junction. The rf sputtered ZnTe:N and ZnO:Al films were characterized by AFM, STM, XRD, transmission, 4-point probe, and Hall measurements.
Optimized Growth Conditions for Cu(In, Ga)Se2 Layers Grown by Co-Evaporation at High Deposition Rates
Authors: Lundberg O. , Edoff M. , Stolt L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe have investigated the compositional dependency on solar cell device quality for four different Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGS) processes: Homogeneous and Ga-graded CIGS deposited at 60 min, Homogenous and Ga-graded CIGS deposited at 15 min. The Cu/(In+Ga) ratio was for varied between 0.65 and 1. An improved device performance was observed as the Cu/(In+Ga) ratio was increased from 0.65 up to 0.85 - 0.95 for all the different CIGS processes. This improvement was both due to a more efficient carrier collection at long wavelengths, increasing the Jsc, and an enhanced Voc. We explain theses improvements by an increased diffusion length in the CIGS material. The CIGS layers deposited at 15 min resulted in similar device performance as the CIGS layers deposited at 60 min, at low Cu/(In+Ga) ratios. However, for Cu/(In+Ga) ratios above 0.9 the efficiency difference increased to above 1 % unit, mainly due to a lower collection efficiency, especially at long wavelengths, resulting in a lower Jsc. By introducing a Ga-gradient in the CIGS layer the device performance improved for both deposition times, most clearly for the 15 min deposition time at Cu/(In+Ga) ratios below 0.9. At 15 minutes deposition time the reason for the improvement is a combination of small improvements in FF, Voc and Jsc, reflecting reduced recombination in general. For the single device, deposited at 60 minutes, that showed a significant improvement with Ga-grading, an improved carrier collection at long wavelengths was observed.
Non-vacuum Thin-film CIGS Modules
Authors: Eberspacher Chris , Pauls Karen L. , Serra John P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNon-vacuum techniques have been used to deposit coatings of copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) and metal oxide transparent conductors useful for fabricating thin-film photovoltaic modules. Coatings are formed from nanoparticulate precursor materials using spraying, printing and spin-coating methods. Sprayed layers exhibit non-planar morphologies and low particle packing, and CIGS films made from sprayed precursor layers exhibit related non-planar morphologies and residual void space. The surface roughness of spray-derived CIGS films reduces the sheet conductance of overlying coatings; thin coatings of transparent conductors deposited on rough CIGS films exhibit sheet resistances up to two orders of magnitude higher than equivalent coatings on planar surfaces. Slurry additives can improve layer morphology and sintered film properties, but organic additives can leave carbon contamination of the sintered CIGS films. The fabrication of multi-cell modules imposes additional constraints on transparent conductor sheet conductance.
New Junction Capacitance Methods for the Study of Defect Distributions and Carrier Properties in the Copper Indium Diselenide Alloys
Authors: Cohen J. David , Heath Jennifer T. , Shafarman William N. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe have recently been successful utilizing two methods which are new to the study of CIGS thin film samples: drive-level capacitance profiling, and transient photocapacitance spectroscopy. In this paper we review several of the key results that we have obtained by applying these methods to the study of the CIGS alloys over the past 2 years. This has resulted not only in new information concerning the deep defects and their spatial distributions in these materials, but also to more accurate determinations of free carrier densities, and of minority carrier trapping dynamics within the junction region. Light-induced metastable changes in the deep defect properties of these alloys are also documented through the use of these techniques.
Characterization of Deep Defects in CdS/CdTe Thin Film Solar Cells Using Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy
Authors: Versluys Jorg , Clauws Paul 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe presence of deep defect levels in thin film solar cells can highly affect the characteristics of the photovoltaic energy conversion. Therefore, knowledge of the origin and nature of these defects is desirable.Deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) was performed on a series of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells which were activated in vacuum or air ambient. Temperature scans between 5 and 320K revealed semi-shallow and mid-gap majority traps. These mid-gap traps were also investigated using isothermal DLTS (region 250 to 330K) where the temperature is kept constant and the rate window is varied. This way the mid-gap traps can be characterized completely. Using electrical injection DLTS and optical DLTS minority traps could be detected. Electrical injection DLTS showed a single defect in the bulk of the air activated cells, while optical DLTS revealed the presence of defects close to the CdS/CdTe interface in both types of samples. The nature and origin of these defects are unknown.
Collaborative Cross Mouse Population for Studying Alveolar Bone Changes and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Comorbidity After High‐Fat Diet Consumption
Authors: Nashef Aysar , Abu‐Toamih Atamni Hanifa J. , Buchnik Yuval , Hasturk Hatice , Kantarci Alpdogan , Stephens Danielle , Wiess Ervin I. , Houri‐Haddad Yael , Iraqi Fuad A. 
Published: May 2017

Background: High‐fat diet (HFD), body weight (BW) gain, and impaired glucose tolerance development are associated with alveolar bone loss (ABL) in susceptible individuals. This report explores the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population for studying the impact of genetic background on comorbidity of alveolar bone change and glucose tolerance after HFD consumption.Methods: Seventy‐eight mice from 19 different CC lines were maintained on rodent chow diet for 8 weeks and were subsequently transferred to an HFD (42% fat) for an additional 12 weeks. BW changes were assessed, and glucose tolerance was measured using an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT). Six cytokines/chemokines were quantified by multiplex immunoassay, alveolar bone volume was quantified by microcomputed tomography, and the ABL phenotype was calculated relative to a control group (143 mice maintained on standard chow diet for 20 weeks).Results: The glucose tolerance response after HFD significantly varied among CC lines (P <0.01), with a significant effect of sex (P <0.01). Alveolar bone changes significantly varied among CC lines (P <0.01). Overall, there was no significant correlation between alveolar bone volume changes and increased BW or glucose tolerance response. However, individual CC lines were identified that showed type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2DM) development and significant alveolar bone volume change (P <0.05), whereas others showed t2DM development, regardless of periodontitis. Interleukin‐6 significantly correlated with alveolar bone changes (P <0.05), whereas adipsin showed a negative correlation with IPGTT area under the curve values (P <0.05).Conclusion: The present results demonstrate the power of CC mice for studying the genetic background impact between comorbidity of t2DM and bone loss.