bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do delays in data availability limit the implementation of near real‐time vaccine safety surveillance using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink?
Authors: Leite Andreia , Thomas Sara L. , Andrews Nick J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeNear real‐time vaccine safety surveillance (NRTVSS) using electronic health records has been used to detect timely vaccine safety signals. Trial implementation of NRTVSS using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) has shown that there is limited power to detect safety signals for rare events. Delays in recording outcomes and receiving data influence the power and timeliness to identify a signal. Our work aimed to compare how different sources of delays influence power and expected time to signal to implement NRTVSS using CPRD.MethodsWe studied seasonal influenza vaccine/Guillain‐Barré syndrome and performed power and expected time to signal calculations for the 2013‐2014/2014‐2015 seasons. We used the Poisson‐based maximised sequential probability ratio test, which compares observed‐to‐expected events. For each study season, we obtained an average Guillain‐Barré syndrome/seizures age‐sex–adjusted rate from the 5 previous seasons and then used this rate to calculate the expected number of events, assuming a 42‐day risk‐window. Calculations were performed for detecting rate ratios of 1.5 to 10. We compared power and timeliness considering combinations of the presence/absence of delays in recording outcomes and in receiving data. The R‐package Sequential was used.ResultsIn general, there was ≥80% power to detect increases in risk of ≥4 at the end of the season. Assuming absence of delays slightly improved power (a maximum increase of 4%) but did not noticeably reduce time to detect a signal.ConclusionRemoving delays in data availability is insufficient to significantly improve the performance of a NRTVSS system using CPRD. Expansion of CPRD data is required.KEY POINTS

The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) can be used to implement near real‐time vaccine safety surveillance, but there is limited power to detect signals for rare outcomes.
Delays in recording outcomes and in receiving data might limit power and timeliness of a system. We assessed the influence of these sources of delays to inform data providers of the steps required to improve a system using CPRD data.
Removing delays in recording outcomes and receiving data is unlikely to significantly improve the performance of a system using CPRD data. Expansion of the data available is needed.
Charge transfer and electron localization as the origin of the anomeric effect in theO─C─Osegment of dimethoxymethane and spiroketals
Authors: Buschbeck‐Alvarado Martha E. , Hernández‐Fernández Gabriel , Hernández‐Trujillo Jesús , Cortés‐Guzmán Fernando , Cuevas Gabriel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEvery day, more evidence accumulates, leading to the conclusion that the stereoelectronic model through the nO → σ*C─Ointeraction is of minor relevance or even inoperative to explain conformational preference in the specific O─C─O segment. In the present study, dimethoxymethane (DMM) and some model spiroketals were chosen to develop a reliable and easy to apply methodology that is simple to interpret by experimental chemists. The general conformation observed in these molecules, present in many biologically active natural products, is thegauche‐gauche(g,g) in DMM and bis‐diaxial in spiroketals. To study this conformational preference, this paper presents a new approach, where general trends for the atomic and molecular energetic components, as well as localization and delocalization indices, and their bonded (Δb) and nonbonded (Δnb) electronic contributions are analyzed. In addition, group contributions to the electron localization and polarization are also defined, agreeing with the conformational preference. It is clear that electronic localization/delocalization is capable of reproducing experimental observations, showing an adequate correlation of this property to the cos θ term in the context of Pople's analysis. It is proposed that electron delocalization between electronegative atoms or total delocalization between nonbonded atoms is not the major contributors to the axial conformational preference observed in spiroketals. Conformational preference shows defined trends in terms of group delocalization in DMM and ring localization and charge transfer between groups in spiroketals. This way, electronic delocalization can be used to evaluate the anomeric effect, using just a few parameters, which makes the method broadly functional.
Hospital admissions for lower respiratory tract infections in children born moderately/late preterm
Authors: Haataja Paula , Korhonen Päivi , Ojala Riitta , Hirvonen Mikko , Korppi Matti , Gissler Mika , Luukkaala Tiina , Tammela Outi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the frequency and predictors of hospital admissions for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in moderately preterm (MP, 32+0 to 33+6 weeks) and late preterm (LP, 34+0 to 36+6 weeks) infants compared to term (T ≥37 weeks) and very preterm (VP, <32+0 weeks) infants.Study DesignThis national register‐based study covered all infants born in Finland in 1991‐2008. Data on 1 018 256 infants were analyzed in four gestational age‐based groups: VP (n = 6329), MP (n = 6796), LP (n = 39 928), and T (n = 965 203) groups. Data on hospital admissions due to bronchiolitis/bronchitis and pneumonia were collected up to the age of 7 years.ResultsHospital admissions for LRTIs were more common in the MP and LP groups than in the T group but less frequent than in the VP group: bronchiolitis/bronchitis (VP 24.4%, MP 13.9%, LP 9.5%, and T 5.6%) and pneumonia (VP 8.8%, MP 4.5%, LP 3.3%, and T 2.4%). Compared to the term group, MP and LP birth predicted bronchiolitis/bronchitis (MP OR 1.89; 95%CI 1.75‐2.03, LP 1.51; 1.45‐1.56) and pneumonia (MP 1.49; 1.32‐1.67, LP 1.25; 1.18‐1.33) admissions. Statistically significant risk factors for LRTIs included maternal smoking, cesarean section, male sex, admission to a neonatal unit and ventilator therapy. In addition, being first‐born, being born SGA and neonatal antibiotic therapy were associated with bronchiolitis/bronchitis.ConclusionsMP and LP births, in addition to VP birth, have a significant impact on respiratory infectious morbidity and the need of hospital admissions for LRTIs.
Thermal plasticity potentially mediates the interaction between host Chilo partellus Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and endoparasitoid Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in rapidly changing environments
Authors: Mutamiswa Reyard , Chidawanyika Frank , Nyamukondiwa Casper 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIncreasing climatic average temperatures and variability elicit various insect physiological responses that affect fitness and survival and may influence subsequent trophic interactions in agroecosystems. In this background, we investigated short‐ and long‐term plastic responses to temperature of the laboratory‐reared stemborer Chilo partellus and its larval endoparasitoid Cotesia flavipes.RESULTSRapid cold‐ and heat‐hardening effects in C. partellus larvae, pupae and adults and C. flavipes adults were highly significant (P < 0.001). High‐temperature acclimation improved critical thermal limits and heat knockdown time in C. partellus larvae and C. flavipes adults, respectively. Low‐temperature acclimation enhanced the supercooling point in C. flavipes and the chill coma recovery time in both C. partellus larvae and C. flavipes adults.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study suggest that thermal plasticity may enhance the survival of these two species when they are subjected to lethal low and high temperatures. However, C. partellus appeared to be more plastic than C. flavipes. These results have three major implications: (1) C. partellus may inhabit slightly warmer environments than C. flavipes, suggesting a potential mismatch in biogeography; (2) host–parasitoid relationships are complex and are probably trait dependent, and (3) host–parasitoid differential thermal plastic responses may offset biocontrol efficacy. These results may help inform biocontrol decision making under conditions of global change. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
The migration intentions of young adults in Europe: A comparative, multilevel analysis
Authors: Williams Allan M. , Jephcote Calvin , Janta Hania , Li Gang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractResearch on migration intentions is relatively fragmented, traditionally drawing conclusions from relatively small survey samples, focussing on individual countries, or relying on public opinion polls which provide very few explanatory variables. This paper addresses these limitations by developing a multilevel model of an extensive range of macro, meso, and microdeterminants of migration intentions across different time frames. The paper utilises an online panel survey of 20,473 non‐student respondents aged 16–35 from nine European Union countries. Ordinal multilevel modelling, with post‐stratification weighting, is used to determine the key drivers of, and barriers to, migration intentions in both a pan‐European model and nine separate national‐scale models. The findings confirm the significance of macro, meso, and micro factors. Although socio‐economic factors emerge as powerful explanatory factors, non‐pecuniary factors are also important, including sensation seeking. There are broad similarities in the findings across the separate national‐level models but also differences in the relative importance of socio‐economic, gender, and personality factors. Migration intentions were highly dependent on the decision‐making time frame: 17% of respondents over 1 year, but 30% over 5 years, are likely to migrate or to have made firm plans to migrate. The rank ordering of the countries challenges the notion of there being a simple differentiation between the newer and older member states of the European Union.
Effects of artichoke leaf extract supplementation on metabolic parameters in women with metabolic syndrome: Influence of TCF7L2‐rs7903146 and FTO‐rs9939609 polymorphisms
Authors: Rezazadeh Khatereh , Rahmati‐Yamchi Mohammad , Mohammadnejad Leila , Ebrahimi‐Mameghani Mehrangiz , Delazar Abbas 
Published: November 2017

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multicomponent condition with a complex etiology involving genetic and environmental factors. Artichoke leaf extract (ALE) has shown favorable effects on lipid and glucose metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of ALE supplementation on metabolic parameters in women with MetS, using a nutrigenetics approach. In this double‐blind randomized clinical trial, 50 women (aged 20–50 years) with MetS were randomly allocated into the two groups: “ALE group” (received 1,800 mg hydroalcoholic extract of artichoke as four tablets per day) and “placebo group” (received placebo consisted of corn starch, lactose, and avicel as four tablets per day) for 12 weeks. The biochemical and anthropometric parameters were determined before and after the intervention. The FTO‐rs9939609 and the TCF7L2‐rs7903146 polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism. In carriers of A allele of the FTO‐rs9939609, ALE supplementation resulted in a statistically significant decrease in serum triglyceride level compared with placebo (−19.11% vs. 10.83%; p < .05), with no other significant differences between the two groups. The TCF7L2‐rs7903146 polymorphism showed no interaction with response to ALE (p > .05). These findings suggest that ALE supplementation may improve serum triglyceride level in A allele genotype of FTO‐rs9939609 polymorphism in women with MetS.
Possible therapeutic effect of carvacrol on asthmatic patients: A randomized, double blind, placebo‐controlled, Phase II clinical trial
Authors: Alavinezhad Azam , Khazdair Mohammad Reza , Boskabady Mohammad Hossein 
Published: November 2017

The relaxant effects of carvacrol, a phenolic monoterpene, on tracheal smooth muscle and its preventive effect on asthmatic animals were reported. The effect of carvacrol in asthmatic patients was examined in the placebo group (Group P, n = 11) receiving placebo and treatment group (Group C, n = 12), which received carvacrol capsule (1.2 mg/kg/day) for 2 months in a double‐blind manner. Pulmonary function tests, respiratory symptoms, hematological indices, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) were measured before, 1 and 2 months after starting treatment. At the end of treatment period, Pulmonary function tests values in Group C were significantly increased (p < .05 to p < .001). Most respiratory symptoms were also significantly reduced in Group C at the end of 2‐month treatment (p < .05 to p < .001). Total and differential white blood cell (p < .05 to p < .001), as well as serum levels of hs‐CRP in Group C were also significantly reduced after 2‐month treatment with carvacrol (p < .001). Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit were changed in Group C (p < .05 and p < .01, respectively). However, in Group P, there was no significant changes in the evaluated parameters. Pulmonary function tests were increased but respiratory symptoms, inflammatory cells, and hs‐CRP were reduced in asthmatic patients who received carvacrol that indicates its therapeutic effect on asthma.
The influence and mechanism of ligustilide, senkyunolide I, and senkyunolide A on echinacoside transport through MDCK‐MDR1 cells as blood–brain barrier in vitro model
Authors: Zheng Qin , Tang Yu , Hu Peng‐Yi , Liu Dan , Zhang Delin , Yue Pengfei , Guo Yuanyuan , Yang Ming 
Published: November 2017

Efficient transcytosis across the blood–brain‐barrier is an important strategy for accessing drug targets within the central nervous system. Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. was used as a messenger drug to increase the distribution of drugs in brain tissue in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The present study investigates the transport of echinacoside (ECH) through MDCK‐MDR1 cell and the effects of ligustilide (LIG), senkyunolide A (SENA) and senkyunolide I (SENI) in chuanxiong on its transport. The results indicated that the absorption of ECH was relatively poor in MDCK‐MDR1cells, and was concentration dependent and not saturable. The P‐glycoprotein inhibitor verapamil could significantly increase the transport of ECH. It indicated that the transport mechanism might be passive diffusion as the dominating process with the active transportation mediated mechanism involved. The increased apparent permeability of ECH in A → B direction by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid‐Na2 suggested that ECH was absorbed via the paracellular route. The transport of ECH in A → B direction significantly increased when co‐administrated with increasing concentrations of LIG, SENI and SENA. Western blot analysis and a decrease in transepithelial electrical resistance during the permeation experiment indicated that LIG, SENI and SENA had enhanced the transport of ECH in the BBB models attribute to down‐regulate the expressions of claudin‐5 and zonula occludens‐1 expression.
Charge transfer during H/H− collisions with Cu(100) and Cu(111) surfaces
Authors: Bahrim B. , Stafford J. , Makarenko B. 
Published: November 2017

We study the H and H− survival probabilities during collisions with Cu(100) and Cu(111) surfaces, at energies ranging from 0.5 to 5 keV and exit angles ranging from 20° to 90°. Calculations are performed with the Wave‐Packet Propagation method adapted to ion‐surface interactions. The projectile survival probability depends on the perpendicular velocity and the copper face being investigated. Projectile's interaction time with the surface and the distance of closest approach are important factors that influence the survival. The H− survival on Cu(100) is much smaller than on Cu(111) but only at low velocities, while becoming higher or comparable to Cu(111) for higher velocities. For very fast collisions, the copper surface behaves like a jellium, and the electron involved in charge transfer does not “feel” the particularities of the surface band structure anymore. While the H survival on Cu(100) seems to not depend on energy and exit angle, the H survival on Cu(111) is both energy and angle dependent, and it is smaller. The study of partial density of states indicates that strong atom‐surface interactions at short distances and the role played by surface states are important factors in determining the neutral fractions obtained after scattering.
Stretchable and Energy‐Efficient Heating Carbon Nanotube Fiber by Designing a Hierarchically Helical Structure
Authors: Liu Peng , Li Yiming , Xu Yifan , Bao Luke , Wang Lie , Pan Jian , Zhang Zhitao , Sun Xuemei , Peng Huisheng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInspired by the hierarchically helical structure of classical thermal insulation material—wool, a stretchable heating carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber is created with excellent mechanical and heating properties. It can be stretched by up to 150% with high stability and reversibility, and a good thermal insulation is achieved from a large amount of formed hierarchically helical voids inside. Impressively, it exhibits ultrafast thermal response over 1000 °C s−1, low operation voltage of several volts, and high heating stability over 5000 cycles. These hierarchically helical CNT fibers, for the first time, are demonstrated as monofilaments to produce soft and lightweight textiles at a large scale with high heating performances.
Comparing Titania‐Based Architectures for Perovskite Solar Cells: A Combined Optical–Electronic Loss Analysis
Authors: Kovalsky Anton , McCleese Christopher , Lin Wei‐Chun , Goldberg Seth , Kolodziej Charles , Burda Clemens 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCombined optical and electronic loss analysis is applied in comparing MAPbI3 and MAPbI3−xClx as light absorbers in both planar and mesoporous TiO2 absorber scaffolds in order to determine the specific effects of these architectural variations on energy‐dependent loss mechanisms in perovskite‐sensitized solar cells. A transfer matrix model is used to separate electronic losses from optical losses in the form of parasitic absorption. It is reported that MAPbI3−xClx is the superior absorber due to increased crystallinity, but that the benefit from using the chloride‐assisted formulation is negated when the absorber is deposited on a mesoporous substrate. It is also reported that some beneficial electronic and optical effects are associated with the mesoporous TiO2: decreased parasitic absorption at short wavelengths and possible enhancement of charge transfer; the overall use of the mesoporous scaffold typically seen in dye‐sensitized solar cells is not appropriate for perovskite‐sensitized solar cells, where it disrupts the formation of large perovskite grains. The analysis also provides important insight into the application of transfer matrix modeling in pseudoplanar systems such as the ubiquitous mesoporous solar cell architecture.
Dihydroxyacetone induces G2/M arrest and apoptotic cell death in A375P melanoma cells
Authors: Smith Kelly R. , Granberry Molley , Tan Marcus C.B. , Daniel Casey L. , Gassman Natalie R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe active ingredient in sunless tanning products (STPs) is a simple sugar, dihydroxyacetone (DHA). Several studies have demonstrated that DHA is absorbed within the viable layers of skin and not fully contained within the stratum corneum. Additionally, spray tanning and other aerosolized application methods have increased the risk of internal exposure through mucous membranes and inhalation. Beyond its presence in STPs, DHA also occurs as an endogenous by‐product of fructose metabolism, and an excess of DHA in cells can induce advanced glycation end (AGE) products and oxidative stress. Therefore, exogenous and endogenous exposures to DHA may be harmful to cells, and it has already been demonstrated that exogenous exposure to DHA is cytotoxic in immortalized keratinocytes. Still, little is known about the exogenous DHA exposure effects on other skin components. In this study, we explore the effects of exogenous DHA exposure in a human melanoma cell line, A375P. Melanoma cells were sensitive to DHA and displayed a transient burst of reactive oxygen species within an hour of exposure. Cell cycle arrest at G2/M was observed within 24 h of exposure, and apoptosis, monitored by the cleavage of PARP‐1 and Caspase‐3, was detected within 72 h of exposure to DHA. Together, these demonstrate that exogenous exposure to DHA has cytotoxic effects in our selected cell model and indicates the need to further investigate the exogenous exposure effects of DHA in other relevant exposure models.
Introducing perennial biomass crops into agricultural landscapes to address water quality challenges and provide other environmental services
Authors: Cacho J. F. , Negri M. C. , Zumpf C. R. , Campbell P. 
Published: November 2017

The world is faced with a difficult multiple challenge of meeting nutritional, energy, and other basic needs, under a limited land and water budget, of between 9 and 10 billion people in the next three decades, mitigating impacts of climate change, and making agricultural production resilient. More productivity is expected from agricultural lands, but intensification of production could further impact the integrity of our finite surface water and groundwater resources. Integrating perennial bioenergy crops in agricultural lands could provide biomass for biofuel and potential improvements on the sustainability of commodity crop production. This article provides an overview of ways in which research has shown that perennial bioenergy grasses and short rotation woody crops can be incorporated into agricultural production systems with reduced indirect land use change, while increasing water quality benefits. Current challenges and opportunities as well as future directions are also highlighted. WIREs Energy Environ 2018, 7:e275. doi: 10.1002/wene.275This article is categorized under:

Bioenergy > Climate and Environment
Bioenergy > Systems and Infrastructure
Efficacy and safety of twice-daily rabeprazole maintenance therapy for patients with reflux esophagitis refractory to standard once-daily proton pump inhibitor: the Japan-based EXTEND study
Authors: Kinoshita Yoshikazu , Kato Mototsugu , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Masuyama Hironori , Nakata Ryo , Abe Hisanori , Kumagai Shinji , Fukushima Yasushi , Okubo Yoshiumi , Hojo Seiichiro , Kusano Motoyasu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundRabeprazole at 10 or 20 mg twice daily (b.i.d.) has been reported to be highly effective in the treatment of proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-resistant reflux esophagitis (RE) that is refractory to the standard once-daily PPI regimen. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of rabeprazole maintenance therapy at 10 mg once daily (q.d.) or b.i.d. for longer than 8 weeks.MethodsPatients with RE refractory to standard PPI regimens for at least 8 weeks were enrolled. They were treated with rabeprazole at 10 or 20 mg b.i.d. for 8 weeks during the open-label treatment period. After endoscopic examination, those with confirmed healing entered the subsequent double-blind maintenance therapy. During this period, the subjects were randomized to receive rabeprazole 10 mg q.d. (control) or 10 mg b.i.d. The primary endpoint was the endoscopic no-recurrence rate at Week 52.ResultsIn total, 517 subjects entered the treatment, and 359 subjects continued on maintenance therapy. The full analysis set for central assessment included 343 subjects. The no-recurrence rate at Week 52 was significantly higher in the b.i.d. group (73.9%;p < 0.001, χ2test) than in the q.d. group (44.8%). In particular, the b.i.d. regimen was more effective in all subgroups with Los Angeles Classification Grade B to D at treatment entry.ConclusionsIn the maintenance treatment of PPI-resistant RE, rabeprazole at 10 mg b.i.d. exerted a stronger recurrence-preventing effect than 10 mg q.d. over 52 weeks. No particular safety issues were noted during long-term administration.ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT02135107.