bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Cation-Stitching Cascade”: exquisite control of terpene cyclization in cyclooctatin biosynthesis
Authors: Sato Hajime , Teramoto Kazuya , Masumoto Yui , Tezuka Noriyuki , Sakai Kenta , Ueda Shota , Totsuka Yusuke , Shinada Tetsuro , Nishiyama Makoto , Wang Chao , Kuzuyama Tomohisa , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTerpene cyclization is orchestrated by terpene cyclases, which are involved in the biosynthesis of various cyclic natural products, but understanding the origin and mechanism of the selectivity of terpene cyclization is challenging. In this work, we describe an in-depth mechanistic study on cyclooctatin biosynthesis by means of theoretical calculations combined with experimental methods. We show that the main framework of cyclooctatin is formed through domino-type carbocation transportation along the terpene chain, which we call a “cation-stitching cascade”, including multiple hydrogen-shifts and a ring rearrangement that elegantly determine the stereoselectivity.
Microbial properties explain temporal variation in soil respiration in a grassland subjected to nitrogen addition
Authors: Li Yue , Liu Yinghui , Wu Shanmei , Niu Lei , Tian Yuqiang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe role of soil microbial variables in shaping the temporal variability of soil respiration has been well acknowledged but is poorly understood, particularly under elevated nitrogen (N) deposition conditions. We measured soil respiration along with soil microbial properties during the early, middle and late growing seasons in temperate grassland plots that had been treated with N additions of 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 g N m−2 yr−1 for 10 years. Representing the averages over three observation periods, total (Rs) and heterotrophic (Rh) respiration were highest with 4 g N m−2 yr−1, but autotrophic respiration (Ra) was highest with 8 to 16 g N m−2 yr−1. Also, the responses of Rh and Ra were unsynchronized considering the periods separately. N addition had no significant impact on the temperature sensitivity (Q10) for Rs but inhibited the Q10 for Rh. Significant interactions between observation period and N level occurred in soil respiration components and the temporal variations in soil respiration components were mostly associated with changes in microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Further observation on soil organic carbon and root biomass is needed to reveal the long-term effect of N deposition on soil C sequestration.
A Fluorescent Tile DNA Diagnocode System for In Situ Rapid and Selective Diagnosis of Cytosolic RNA Cancer Markers
Authors: Park Kyung Soo , Shin Seung Won , Jang Min Su , Shin Woojung , Yang Kisuk , Min Junhong , Cho Seung-Woo , Oh Byung-Keun , Bae Jong Wook , Jung Sunghwan , Choi Jeong-Woo , Um Soong Ho 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAccurate cancer diagnosis often requires extraction and purification of genetic materials from cells and sophisticated instrumentations that follow. Otherwise in order to directly treat the diagnostic materials to cells, multiple steps to optimize dose concentration and treatment time are necessary due to diversity in cellular behaviors. These processes may offer high precision but hinder fast analysis of cancer, especially in clinical situations that need rapid detection and characterization of cancer. Here we present a novel fluorescent tile DNA nanostructure delivered to cancer cytosol by employing nanoparticle technology. Its structural anisotropicity offers easy manipulation for multifunctionalities, enabling the novel DNA nanostructure to detect intracellular cancer RNA markers with high specificity within 30 minutes post treatment, while the nanoparticle property bypasses the requirement of treatment optimization, effectively reducing the complexity of applying the system for cancer diagnosis. Altogether, the system offers a precise and rapid detection of cancer, suggesting the future use in the clinical fields.
Zirconia based superhydrophobic coatings on cotton fabrics exhibiting excellent durability for versatile use
Authors: Das Indranee , De Goutam 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA fluorinated silyl functionalized zirconia was synthesized by the sol-gel method to fabricate an extremely durable superhydrophobic coating on cotton fabrics by simple immersion technique. The fabric surfaces firmly attached with the coating material through covalent bonding, possessed superhydrophobicity with high water contact angle ≈163 ± 1°, low hysteresis ≈3.5° and superoleophilicity. The coated fabrics were effective to separate oil/water mixture with a considerably high separation efficiency of 98.8 wt% through ordinary filtering. Presence of highly stable (chemically and mechanically) superhydrophobic zirconia bonded with cellulose makes such excellent water repelling ability of the fabrics durable under harsh environment conditions like high temperature, strong acidic or alkaline solutions, different organic solvents and mechanical forces including extensive washings. Moreover, these coated fabrics retained self-cleanable superhydrophobic property as well as high water separation efficiency even after several cycles, launderings and abrasions. Therefore, such robust superhydrophobic ZrO2coated fabrics have strong potential for various industrial productions and uses.
The colour of an avifauna: A quantitative analysis of the colour of Australian birds
Authors: Delhey Kaspar 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAnimal coloration is a poorly-understood aspect of phenotypic variability. Here I expand initial studies of the colour gamut of birds by providing the first quantitative description of the colour variation of an entire avifauna: Australian landbirds (555 species). The colour of Australian birds occupies a small fraction (19%) of the entire possible colour space and colour variation is extremely uneven. Most colours are unsaturated, concentrated in the centre of colour space and based on the deposition of melanins. Other mechanisms of colour production are less common but account for larger portions of colour space and for most saturated colours. Male colours occupy 45–25% more colour space than female colours, indicating that sexual dichromatism translates into a broader range of male colours. Male-exclusive colours are often saturated, at the edge of chromatic space and have most likely evolved for signalling. While most clades of birds occupy expected or lower-than-expected colour volumes, parrots and cockatoos (Order Psittaciformes) occupy a much larger volume than expected. This uneven distribution of colour variation across mechanisms of colour production, sexes and clades is probably shared by avifaunas in other parts of the world, but this remains to be tested with comparable data.
Testing the fecundity advantage hypothesis with Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi and Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) feeding on ten wheat accessions
Authors: Hu Xiang-Shun , Liu Xiao-Feng , Thieme Thomas , Zhang Gai-Sheng , Liu Tong-Xian , Zhao Hui-Yan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe fecundity advantage hypothesis suggests that females with a large body size produce more offspring than smaller females. We tested this hypothesis by exploring the correlations between life-history traits of three aphid species feeding on ten wheat accessions at three levels of analysis with respect to the host plant: overall, inter-accession and intra-accession. We found that fecundity was significantly correlated with mean relative growth rate (MRGR), weight gain and development time and that the faster aphid develops the greater body and fecundity, depending on aphid species, wheat accession and analyses level. Larger aphids of all three species produced more offspring overall; this held true for Sitobion avenae and Schizaphis graminum at the inter-accession level and for S. avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi, and S. graminum for three, five and eight accessions respectively at the intra-accession level. Only one correlation, between intrinsic rates of natural increase (rm) and MRGR, was significant for all aphid species at all three analysis levels. A more accurate statement of the fecundity advantage hypothesis is that cereal aphids with greater MRGR generally maintain higher rm on wheat. Our results also provide a method for exploring relationships between individual life-history traits and population dynamics for insects on host plants.
Association of telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number with risperidone treatment response in first-episode antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia
Authors: Li Zongchang , Hu Maolin , Zong Xiaofen , He Ying , Wang Dong , Dai Lulin , Dong Min , Zhou Jun , Cao Hongbao , Lv Luxian , Chen Xiaogang , Tang Jinsong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates a putative association of telomere length and mitochondrial function with antipsychotics response in schizophrenia (SCZ). However, pharmacological findings were limited and no previous work has assessed this in a prospective longitudinal study. This study assessed telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number in first-episode antipsychotic-naïve SCZ patients with 8-week risperidone treatment to evaluate the association between these biomarkers and clinical treatment response. We recruited 137 first-episode antipsychotic-naive SCZ patients (and 144 controls) at baseline and 89 patients completed the 8-week follow-up. Patients, completed follow-up, were divided into Responders (N = 46) and Non-Responders (N = 43) according to the percentage of symptoms improvement. Linear regression analyses show that SCZ patients had significantly lower mtDNA copy number (β = −0.108, p = 0.002) and no alteration of telomere length when compared with healthy controls. In addition, compared with Non-Responders, Responders had significantly lower mtDNA copy number (β = −0.178, p = 0.001) and longer telomere length (β = 0.111, p = 0.071) before the 8-week treatment. After treatment, Responders persisted lower mtDNA copy number comparing with No-Responders (partial η2 = 0.125, p = 0.001). These findings suggest that telomere length and mtDNA copy number may hold the potential to serve as predictors of antipsychotic response of SCZ patients.
From an imbalance to a new imbalance: Italian-style gluten-free diet alters the salivary microbiota and metabolome of African celiac children
Authors: Ercolini Danilo , Francavilla Ruggiero , Vannini Lucia , De Filippis Francesca , Capriati Teresa , Di Cagno Raffaella , Iacono Giuseppe , De Angelis Maria , Gobbetti Marco 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFourteen Saharawi celiac children following an African-style gluten-free diet for at least two years were subjected to a change of diet to an Italian-style gluten-free diet for 60 days. Significant differences were identified in the salivary microbiota and metabolome when Saharawi celiac children switched from African- to Italian-style dietary habits. An Italian-style gluten-free diet caused increases in the abundance of Granulicatella, Porphyromonas and Neisseria and decreases in Clostridium, Prevotella and Veillonella, altering the ‘salivary type’ of the individuals. Furthermore, operational taxonomic unit co-occurrence/exclusion patterns indicated that the initial equilibrium of co-occurring microbial species was perturbed by a change in diet: the microbial diversity was reduced, with a few species out-competing the previously established microbiota and becoming dominant. Analysis of predicted metagenomes revealed a remarkable change in the metabolic potential of the microbiota following the diet change, with increased potential for amino acid, vitamin and co-factor metabolism. High concentrations of acetone and 2-butanone during treatment with the Italian-style gluten-free diet suggested metabolic dysfunction in the Saharawi celiac children. The findings of this study support the need for a translational medicine pipeline to examine interactions between food and microbiota when evaluating human development, nutritional needs and the impact and consequences of westernisation.
Wireless fluorescence capsule for endoscopy using single photon-based detection
Authors: Al-Rawhani Mohammed A. , Beeley James , Cumming David R. S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFluorescence Imaging (FI) is a powerful technique in biological science and clinical medicine. Current FI devices that are used either for in-vivo or in-vitro studies are expensive, bulky and consume substantial power, confining the technique to laboratories and hospital examination rooms. Here we present a miniaturised wireless fluorescence endoscope capsule with low power consumption that will pave the way for future FI systems and applications. With enhanced sensitivity compared to existing technology we have demonstrated that the capsule can be successfully used to image tissue autofluorescence and targeted fluorescence via fluorophore labelling of tissues. The capsule incorporates a state-of-the-art complementary metal oxide semiconductor single photon avalanche detector imaging array, miniaturised optical isolation, wireless technology and low power design. When in use the capsule consumes only 30.9 mW and deploys very low-level 468 nm illumination. The device has the potential to replace highly power-hungry intrusive optical fibre based endoscopes and to extend the range of clinical examination below the duodenum. To demonstrate the performance of our capsule, we imaged fluorescence phantoms incorporating principal tissue fluorophores (flavins) and absorbers (haemoglobin). We also demonstrated the utility of marker identification by imaging a 20 μM fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labelling solution on mammalian tissue.
De novo assembly and characterization of root transcriptome in two distinct morphotypes of vetiver, Chrysopogon zizaniodes (L.) Roberty
Authors: Chakrabarty Debasis , Chauhan Puneet Singh , Chauhan Abhishek Singh , Indoliya Yuvraj , Lavania Umesh Chandra , Nautiyal Chandra Shekhar 
Published: December 2015

AbstractVetiver, a perennial C4 grass, has long been known for its multifarious uses in perfumery, medicine and environmental protection. Two distinct vetiver morphotypes have been identified in India, i.e., A. North Indian type characterized by thick and smooth fast growing roots that produce superior quality of laevorotatory oil; and B. South Indian type with more number of thin and hairy roots that produce inferior quality of dextrorotatory oil. The two morphotypes were targeted for transcriptome analysis to understand the contribution of genetic background on oil quality and root morphology. Sample A showed enhanced activity of flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthesis related genes, i.e. ERF, MYB, bHLH, bZIP and WRKY. Interestingly, expression analysis revealed that the genes involved in sesquiterpene biosynthesis pathway were up regulated in Sample A. Moreover, some of the genes involved in mevalonate pathway of sesquiterpene biosynthesis were unique to Sample A. Our results also demonstrated several transcripts involved in root development and hormonal regulation being up regulated in Sample A. To validate gene expression results of RNA-seq data, 20 transcripts were validated by qRT-PCR experiment. The present study provided an important start point for further discovery of genes related to root oil quality in different ecotypes of vetiver.
From static ternary adders to high‐performance race‐free dynamic ones
Authors: Rezaie Shirin , Faghih Mirzaee Reza , Navi Keivan , Hashemipour Omid 
Published: December 2015

This study explores the suitability of dynamic logic style in ternary logic. It presents high‐performance dynamic ternary half and full adders, which are essential components in computer arithmetic. The complete transformation from a static ternary design into its dynamic form is comprehensively investigated. The proposed dynamic strategy does not suffer from any race or charge sharing problems. These dynamic logic problems are dealt with in this study. In addition, the number of successive pass‐transistors is reduced by a design technique which shortens the critical path of ternary circuits. The new adder cells are simulated by using Synopsys HSPICE and 32 nm carbon nanotube field‐effect transistor technology. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of dynamic ternary circuits. The proposed dynamic ternary half adder operates 21% faster, consumes 23% less power, and has even 14 fewer transistors than its static counterpart.
Population Dynamics of an Estuarine Forage Fish: Disaggregating Forces Driving Long‐Term Decline of Longfin Smelt in California's San Francisco Estuary
Authors: Nobriga Matthew L. , Rosenfield Jonathan A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractForage fish production has become a central concern of fisheries and ecosystem managers because populations of small fish are a critical energetic pathway between primary producers and predator populations. Management of forage fish often focuses on controlling exploitation rates, but it is also possible to manage productivity of these species in coastal ecosystems, particularly estuaries. Like several forage fish species that are native to the San Francisco Estuary (SFE) in California, the Longfin Smelt Spirinchus thaleichthys has experienced dramatic population declines over the past few decades. This population is not fished commercially or recreationally; trends in its relative abundance have been described statistically, but the mechanisms that drive population dynamics are still poorly understood. Our objective was to evaluate alternative conceptual models of Longfin Smelt population dynamics to better understand the forces that may constrain the species' productivity during different phases of its life cycle. We created contrasting variants of a generalizable population model (the Ricker model) and parameterized those variants using empirical data from a long‐term sampling program in the SFE. Predictions from alternative models were compared with empirical results from a second (independent) data series of relative abundance to identify the model variants that best captured the empirical trend. The results indicated that (1) freshwater flow had a positive association with recruits per spawner and (2) both recruits per spawner and spawners per recruit appeared to be density‐dependent life stage transitions. Juvenile survival may have declined to some extent, but we could not conclusively demonstrate this. By constraining the possible timing and location of mechanisms that modulate productivity at different life stages, the present results improve our understanding of production for a key native forage fish in the SFE.
On the temporal orientation of intensional subjunctives in Spanish
Authors: Laca Brenda 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis chapter examines the different constraints on temporal orientation affecting subjunctive clauses. After establishing that a future or non-anterior temporal orientation characterizes intensional subjunctives, i.e. subjunctives selected by directives, implicatives, and volitionals, the chapter shows that the behavior of volitionals differs from that of directives and implicatives with regard to the possibility of embedding perfect morphology with a past temporal orientation. The chapter also shows that the behavior of volitionals themselves is not uniform. The chapter suggests that differences in temporal orientation are connected to the different types of semantic objects denoted by selected subjunctive argument clauses. An obligatory future or non-anterior orientation signals that the relevant object is not a proposition (a set of possible worlds), but an outcome (a situation or eventuality that ensues from a cause or is targeted by a disposition to bring it about).
Russian aspect in finite and non-finite modes: from syntax to information structure
Authors: Corre Eric 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis chapter applies the distinction between Situation Aspect (SA) and Viewpoint Aspect (VA) to Perfective (PERF) and Imperfective (IMPERF) finite sentences in Russian. It claims that only SA is grammaticized in Russian, via a syntactic Telic Phrase. It also examines aspectual oppositions in infinitival sentences. Telicity is defined as terminativity. Any event is telic if it is non-divisive or non-homogeneous. A corpus study of infinitives in discourse shows that while IMPERF verbs tend to occur in non-telic, generalizing, or durative, contexts and PERF verbs in telic/terminative contexts, in some cases, aspectual opposition obeys discourse-interactional parameters: the PERF V/vP functions as Focus and the IMPERF V/vP as Topic in the sense of Rizzi and Lambrecht. Raising of the TelicP to the COMP domain creates the link between syntax and discourse.
Practical Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Manousakis Efstratios 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The book contains lectures notes for a graduate two-semester course in quantum mechanics. It differs from other quantum mechanics textbooks as various parts of the book are inspired by rather recent advances in various areas of physics. For example, the book begins by putting the Schrödinger equation on a spatial discrete lattice, inspired by Hamiltonian lattice gauge theories (HLGT). The book also discusses the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics and emphasize the adiabatic time evolution in the case of a time-dependent Hamiltonian. As an example of how to use symmetry in quantum mechanics, the book treats one-dimensional periodic potentials. The book also discusses atoms and molecules using mean-field-like treatment, such as the Hartree–Fock approximation, including a discussion on how to go beyond it. Electron–electron correlations in the hydrogen molecule are taken into account with a first quantized formulation of the two-site Hubbard model, which is solved analytically. The book also uses the canonical Hamiltonian quantization of quantum electrodynamics after finding the normal modes, in an analogy with the treatment of the normal modes of an array of atoms, the photons emerge as the quanta of such normal modes, in the same way as the phonons emerge in the treatment of the normal modes of the coupled array of atoms. This Hamiltonian quantization of the electromagnetic field is used later to treat its interaction with atomic matter, without having to follow the usual semiclassical treatment.
The Oxford Latin Syntax
Authors: Pinkster Harm 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Since Raphael Kühner and Carl Segmann’s (German) two volume Latin Syntax of 1912, new data have become available, texts outside the classical canon have received more attention, numerous monographs and articles have been published, new text editions and commentaries have become available, and new insights have been developed in various linguistic theories. Moreover, the position of Latin and the specialists in the field have changed considerably. This book takes these changes into account and offers an up-to-date tool. The data used are texts from the period 250 bc – ad 450. The approach is mainly descriptive, with diachronic changes signalled whenever necessary. Due attention is paid to differences between types of text. The discussion of grammatical phenomena is based as far as possible on examples from Plautus and Cicero; these examples are provided with an English translation. In addition supplementary examples are given from a wider array of texts, without translation. References are inserted to other sources of examples, notably the Oxford Latin Dictionary and the Thesaurus Linguae Latinae, and textual problems are signalled when relevant. The Syntax uses contemporary insights in linguistics, without being technical, and combines recent terminology with traditional terminology.