bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical Conductivity of Cabbage and Daikon Radish as Affected by Electrical Voltage, Frequency, Salt Concentration and Temperature
Authors: Duguay Ann‐Julie , Ramaswamy Hosahalli S. , Zareifard Mohammad Reza , Zhu Songming , Grabowski Stefan , Marcotte Michèle 
Published: December 2015

AbstractShredded cabbage (50% v/v) and Daikon radish cubes (57% v/v) were mixed with different salt solutions (0.15, 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 1.85%), poured into a Teflon‐coated static Ohmic cell and heated from 30 to 70°C at different alternating current voltages (65, 80, 100, 120 or 135 V) and frequencies (60, 2,070, 5,030, 7,990 or 10,000 Hz). Voltage, current, time and temperature were measured to calculate electrical conductivities at different temperatures. For the modeling part, 750 g of a blended crude puree (particle size < 0.5 mm) was used to fill the Ohmic cell. Daikon radish gave the highest value for electrical conductivity of 1.07 S/m at 30°C and 1.85%, 100 V and 5,030 Hz while cabbage gave a value of 0.81 S/m under the same conditions. For cabbage, the electrical conductivity values increased with increasing frequency at higher voltage, but decreased at low voltage levels. An opposite trend was observed for Daikon radish. Modeling indicated that electrical conductivity increased quadratically with temperature, salt concentration and electrical voltage. Response surface models revealed that linear, cross products, as well as quadratic effects were significant with R2 > 0.98. The Maxwell–Eucken model, which describes solid particles dispersed in continuous liquid, showed good fit for the electrical conductivity data.Practical ApplicationsOhmic heating can be an alternative to conventional heat processing of food, reducing treatment time and improving quality. Ohmic heating has been generally recognized to provide uniform and rapid heating conditions. The electrical conductivity (EC) of food components is the key property in the Ohmic heating process and is dependent on many product and system‐dependent properties, especially the salt content. It is also the primary property needed for modeling the Ohmic heating effects of a system or product. This manuscript details the gathered data on electrical conductivity of cabbage and radish, and an appropriate modeling approach to describe their dependence on product and system properties. The study generates new data EC for the vegetables and how the EC is influenced by the two vegetables that differ significantly in structure.
Maternal rare inherited bleeding disorders and neonatal complications
Authors: Behboudi‐Gandevani Samira , Moghaddam‐Banaem Lida , Shahbazi Shirin , Ekhtesari Fatemeh 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to examine the association between maternal inherited bleeding disorders and neonatal complications.Material and MethodsThis was a historical cohort study. The rare inherited bleeding disorders (RIBD) group consisted of a total of 100 women suffering from inherited bleeding disorders, aged 20–45 years who experienced pregnancy. In the healthy control group, 200 age‐ and body mass index‐matched women were selected. Details of demographic and obstetric characteristics of the samples in both groups were collected using their medical records.ResultsThe mean ages of the women in the RIBD and healthy control groups were 32.6 (7.07) and 32.4 (7.3) years, respectively. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of age and other demographic characteristics of the women between the groups. The mean neonatal birthweight in the RIBD group was statistically lower than that in the healthy control group, 3018.2 (546.9) g vs 3299.4 (456.8) g, respectively (P = 0.021). The prevalence of low birthweight in the RIBD group was statistically higher in comparison to that in the healthy control group (P = 0.041).After adjustment for potential confounders, it was found that maternal bleeding disorder had significant negative effects on birthweight in newborns (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–3.43, P = 0.001). Those infants were statistically more likely to experience head bleeding, early hyperbilirubinemia and hospitalization than the healthy group (P = 0.001).ConclusionsMaternal rare inherited bleeding disorders may have a devastating consequence for neonates.
Assessment of age‐specific safety of laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with ovarian tumors
Authors: Otake Akiko , Sasase Aya , Suzuki Atsuko , Takahashi Kayo , Sasamoto Naoko , Miyoshi Yukari , Shioji Mitsunori , Yamamoto Yoshimitsu , Adachi Kazushige 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimWe assessed the age‐specific safety of laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with ovarian tumors.Material and MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of 55 elderly patients treated by laparoscopic salpingo‐oophorectomy under the diagnosis of an ovarian tumor between January 2009 and December 2014.We divided patients into three groups: “young‐elderly” (aged 65–74), “old‐elderly” (aged 75–84), and “super‐elderly” (aged 85–105) and assessed clinical characteristics, surgical results and postoperative course. Statistical significance of categorical variables was examined by the Student's t‐test, Mann–Whitney U test, or Fisher's exact test. Multiple regression analysis was used for multivariate analysis.ResultsOf a total of 55 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery, there were 36 patients in the young‐elderly group, 17 in the old‐elderly group, and two in the super‐elderly group. Statistical analysis was performed between the young‐elderly and the old‐elderly groups because of the small number in the super‐elderly group.More frequent comorbidities were found in the patients in the old‐elderly than in the young‐elderly group (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.007). There were no significant differences in operative time, estimated blood loss and postoperative hospital stay between the young‐elderly and old‐elderly groups. Intraoperative complications only occurred in the young‐elderly group. Postoperative complications occurred in all groups.ConclusionsAlthough patients in the old‐elderly group had a significantly higher risk for surgery, they had equivalent surgical results to the young‐elderly group for laparoscopic salpingo‐oophorectomy.
On Experiencing Meanings
Authors: Reiland Indrek 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDo we perceptually experience meanings? For example, when we hear an utterance of a sentence like ‘Bertrand is British’ do we hear its meaning in the sense of being auditorily aware of it? Several philosophers like Tim Bayne and Susanna Siegel have suggested that we do (Bayne 2009: 390, Siegel 2006: 490‐491, 2011: 99‐100). They argue roughly as follows: 1) experiencing speech/writing in a language you are incompetent in is phenomenally different from experiencing speech/writing you are competent in; 2) this contrast is best explained by the fact that we experience meanings in the latter case, but not the former. In contrast, in an important recent discussion Casey O'Callaghan has argued that we do not (O'Callaghan 2011). He responds to the above contrast argument by claiming that this phenomenal contrast is instead best explained by the fact that we hear language‐specific phonological properties in the latter case, but not in the former. In this paper I argue that O'Callaghan's response to the popular contrast argument is too limited in scope, provide a more general response, and present a new case against experiencing meanings.
The White City: Race and Urban Politics
Authors: Seamster Louise 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUrban regime analysis and growth machine theory offer critical tools to study power and inequality in cities. However, the field of urban politics has moved away from critically addressing race. I discuss these theories' potential contributions before suggesting scholars “bring race back” to urban politics in several key areas: studying “White urban regimes” in addition to Black urban regimes; examining how Whiteness factors into growth (and anti‐growth) coalitions; exploring how racial discourse shapes urban regimes; and accounting for the relationship between suburbs and “fringe cities” and the city, including suburban regimes.
Genomic full‐length sequence of two HLA‐A alleles, A*24:03:01 and A*24:07:01, identified by cloning and sequencing
Authors: Xu Y. P. , Wang S. X. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractGenomic full length sequences of HLA‐A*24:03:01 and A*24:07:01, identified by cloning and sequencing Chinese donors.
La dottrina della giustificazione: uno sguardo ecumenico
Authors: Abdelmalak Ashraf N. I. 
Published: December 2015

<p>La questione della “giustificazione” è una questione attualissima che risponde a domande vitali e necessarie degli uomini di tutti i tempi ed, in particolare, degli uomini d’oggi: Che cos’è che rende il cristiano giusto davanti a Dio? L’essere giusti<br />è frutto della sola nostra buona volontà? Qual è la salvezza che la fede cristiana promette? Il presente testo studia questa questione nell’importantissimo<br />documento intitolato Dichiarazione congiunta sulla dottrina della giustificazione, per sottolineare le categorie di “consenso differenziato” e di “unità nella diversità riconciliata”.</p>
La experiencia mística en la Sagrada Escritura
Authors: González Bernal Edith 
Published: December 2015

<p>La Sagrada Escritura testimonia la experiencia genuina y gratuita de Dios en la vida de hombres y mujeres. Los dos testamentos hablan de una acción que como fuerza irresistible abarca la totalidad del ser humano, seduce, toma posesión y<br />empodera, para comunicarla y contagiarla. Así, la experiencia mística en el contexto bíblico se presenta como un proceso interior, espiritual, generado por un<br />encuentro que engendra un sublime conocimiento y tiene una intensa repercusión afectiva.</p>
Gene Loss and Error-Prone RNA Editing in the Mitochondrion of
Perkinsela
, an Endosymbiotic Kinetoplastid
Authors: David Vojtěch , Flegontov Pavel , Gerasimov Evgeny , Tanifuji Goro , Hashimi Hassan , Logacheva Maria D. , Maruyama Shinichiro , Onodera Naoko T. , Gray Michael W. , Archibald John M. , Lukeš Julius 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT

Perkinsela
is an enigmatic early-branching kinetoplastid protist that lives as an obligate endosymbiont inside
Paramoeba
(Amoebozoa). We have sequenced the highly reduced mitochondrial genome of
Perkinsela
, which possesses only six protein-coding genes (
cox1
,
cox2
,
cox3
,
cob
,
atp6
, and
rps12
), despite the fact that the organelle itself contains more DNA than is present in either the host or endosymbiont nuclear genomes. An
in silico
analysis of two
Perkinsela
strains showed that mitochondrial RNA editing and processing machineries typical of kinetoplastid flagellates are generally conserved, and all mitochondrial transcripts undergo U-insertion/deletion editing. Canonical kinetoplastid mitochondrial ribosomes are also present. We have developed software tools for accurate and exhaustive mapping of transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) reads with extensive U-insertions/deletions, which allows detailed investigation of RNA editing via deep sequencing. With these methods, we show that up to 50% of reads for a given edited region contain errors of the editing system or, less likely, correspond to alternatively edited transcripts.

IMPORTANCE
Uridine insertion/deletion-type RNA editing, which occurs in the mitochondrion of kinetoplastid protists, has been well-studied in the model parasite genera
Trypanosoma
,
Leishmania
, and
Crithidia
.
Perkinsela
provides a unique opportunity to broaden our knowledge of RNA editing machinery from an evolutionary perspective, as it represents the earliest kinetoplastid branch and is an obligatory endosymbiont with extensive reductive trends. Interestingly, up to 50% of mitochondrial transcripts in
Perkinsela
contain errors. Our study was complemented by use of newly developed software designed for accurate mapping of extensively edited RNA-seq reads obtained by deep sequencing.
Junior doctors’ experiences of managing patients with medically unexplained symptoms: a qualitative study
Authors: Yon Katherine , Nettleton Sarah , Walters Kate , Lamahewa Kethakie , Buszewicz Marta 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTo explore junior doctors’ knowledge about and experiences of managing patients with medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) and to seek their recommendations for improved future training on this important topic about which they currently receive little education.DesignQualitative study using in-depth interviews analysed using the framework method.SettingParticipants were recruited from three North Thames London hospitals within the UK.ParticipantsTwenty-two junior doctors undertaking the UK foundation two-year training programme (FY1/FY2).ResultsThe junior doctors interviewed identified a significant gap in their training on the topic of MUS, particularly in relation to their awareness of the topic, the appropriate level of investigations, possible psychological comorbidities, the formulation of suitable explanations for patients’ symptoms and longer term management strategies. Many junior doctors expressed feelings of anxiety, frustration and a self-perceived lack of competency in this area, and spoke of over-investigating patients or avoiding patient contact altogether due to the challenging nature of MUS and a difficulty in managing the accompanying uncertainty. They also identified the negative attitudes of some senior clinicians and potential role models towards patients with MUS as a factor contributing to their own attitudes and management choices. Most reported a need for more training during the foundation years, and recommended interactive case-based group discussions with a focus on providing meaningful explanations to patients for their symptoms.ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to improve postgraduate training about the topics of MUS and avoiding over-investigation, as current training does not equip junior doctors with the necessary knowledge and skills to effectively and confidently manage patients in these areas. Training needs to focus on practical skill development to increase clinical knowledge in areas such as delivering suitable explanations, and to incorporate individual management strategies to help junior doctors tolerate the uncertainty associated with MUS.
A prediction model for progressive disease in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Meijs Jessica , Schouffoer Anne A , Ajmone Marsan Nina , Stijnen Theo , Putter Hein , Ninaber Maarten K , Huizinga Tom W J , de Vries-Bouwstra Jeska K 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo develop a model that assesses the risk for progressive disease in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) over the short term, in order to guide clinical management.MethodsBaseline characteristics and 1 year follow-up results of 163 patients with SSc referred to a multidisciplinary healthcare programme were evaluated. Progressive disease was defined as: death, ≥10% decrease in forced vital capacity, ≥15% decrease in diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, ≥10% decrease in body weight, ≥30% decrease in estimated-glomerular filtration rate, ≥30% increase in modified Rodnan Skin Score (with Δ≥5) or ≥0.25 increase in Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire. The number of patients with progressive disease was determined. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the probability of progressive disease for each individual patient. Performance of the prediction model was evaluated using a calibration plot and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.Results63 patients had progressive disease, including 8 patients who died ≤18 months after first evaluation. Multivariable analysis showed that friction rubs, proximal muscular weakness and decreased maximum oxygen uptake as % predicted, adjusted for age, gender and use of immunosuppressive therapy at baseline, were significantly associated with progressive disease. Using the prediction model, the predicted chance for progressive disease increased from a pretest chance of 37% to 67–89%.ConclusionsUsing the prediction model, the chance for progressive disease for individual patients could be doubled. Friction rubs, proximal muscular weakness and maximum oxygen uptake as % predicted were identified as relevant parameters.
Preclinical Models Provide Scientific Justification and Translational Relevance for Moving Novel Therapeutics into Clinical Trials for Pediatric Cancer
Authors: Langenau David M. , Sweet-Cordero Alejandro , Wechsler-Reya Robert J. , Dyer Michael A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Despite improvements in survival rates for children with cancer since the 1960s, progress for many pediatric malignancies has slowed over the past two decades. With the recent advances in our understanding of the genomic landscape of pediatric cancer, there is now enthusiasm for individualized cancer therapy based on genomic profiling of patients' tumors. However, several obstacles to effective personalized cancer therapy remain. For example, relatively little data from prospective clinical trials demonstrate the selective efficacy of molecular-targeted therapeutics based on somatic mutations in the patient's tumor. In this commentary, we discuss recent advances in preclinical testing for pediatric cancer and provide recommendations for providing scientific justification and translational relevance for novel therapeutic combinations for childhood cancer. Establishing rigorous criteria for defining and validating druggable mutations will be essential for the success of ongoing and future clinical genomic trials for pediatric malignancies. Cancer Res; 75(24); 5176–86. ©2015 AACR.
Comparison Between the Original and Shortened Versions of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale in Ischemic Stroke Patients of Intermediate Severity
Authors: Lee Chun Fan , Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy , Wong K.S. Lawrence , Chen Christopher L.H. ,   CHIMES Study Investigators, Navarro Jose C. , Gan Herminigildo H. , Lao Annabelle , Baroque Alejandro , Lokin Johnny , Hiyadan John Harold B. , Sarfati Ma. Socorro , Fangonillo Randolph John , Ambasing Neil , Chua Carlos , San Jose Ma. Cristina , Advincula Joel , Berame Eli John , Canete Maria Teresa , Young Sherry H. , Mamauag Marlie Jane , Tay San San , Pande Shrikant , Thirugnanam Umapathi , Singh Rajinder , Chang Hui Meng , De Silva Deidre Anne , Chan Bernard P.L. , Sharma Vijay , Luen Teoh Hock , Poungvarin Niphon , Muengtaweepongsa Sombat , Towanabut Somchai , Suwanwela Nijasri , Chotickanuchit Songkram , Chankrachang Siwaporn , Nitinun Samart , de Silva H. Asita , Ranawake Udaya , Wijekoon Nirmala , Eow Gaik Bee 
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—
The 15-item National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) has been critiqued for its complexity and variability, and shortened versions have been proposed. This study aimed to compare the measurement properties of the original version with 3 shortened versions with 11, 8, and 5 items, respectively.

Methods—
Analyses were performed using data from an international, double-blind randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of MLC601 on stroke recovery in patients with ischemic stroke of intermediate severity (Chinese Medicine Neuroaid Efficacy on Stroke recovery [CHIMES]). To compare discriminative ability and responsiveness to change, the effect sizes of the NIHSS scores in relation to modified Rankin Scale, mini-mental status examination, and Barthel index were estimated using regression analysis.

Results—
For both discriminative ability and responsiveness to change, the original version exhibited a larger effect size (0.55 and 0.84) in relation to modified Rankin Scale than the other 3 shortened versions (0.35–0.46 and 0.74–0.78).

Conclusions—
The original 15-item NIHSS retained information that made it more discriminative and responsive to change than the shortened versions. We recommend future clinical researchers to use the full version NIHSS to evaluate patients’ stroke severity.

Clinical Trial Registration Information—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00554723.
Body Mass Index and Adverse Outcomes in Elderly Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Senoo Keitaro , Lip Gregory Y.H. 
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—
Obesity has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk in atrial fibrillation, but little is known in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods—
Post hoc analysis of data from the AMADEUS (Evaluating the Use of SR34006 Compared to Warfarin or Acenocoumarol in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) trial.

Results—

We studied 1588 elderly patients, who were categorized as normal body mass index (BMI, 18.5–25 kg/m
2
; n=515 [32.4%]), overweight (BMI, 25–30 kg/m
2
; n=711 [44.8%]), and obese (BMI≥30 kg/m
2
; n=362 [22.8%]). There was a significant reduction in the composite outcome of cardiovascular death and stroke/systemic embolism with increasing BMI category, being 5.0%, 3.2%, and 1.5% per 100 patient-years, respectively (
P
for trend=0.01). Cox proportional hazards analysis found obesity to be associated with a lower risk of the primary composite outcome (hazard ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.11–0.77;
P
=0.01). In the warfarin arm (n=814), multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that obesity was independently related to higher odds of time in therapeutic range ≥60% (odds ratio, 1.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–2.80;
P
=0.004).

Conclusion—
Obesity was associated with a lower stroke and mortality rate in elderly anticoagulated atrial fibrillation patients. Obesity was related to good quality anticoagulation control.
Eustachian Tube Function in 6‐Year‐Old Children with and without a History of Middle Ear Disease
Authors: Mandel Ellen M. , Casselbrant Margaretha L. , Richert Beverly C. , Teixeira Miriam S. , Swarts J. Douglas , Doyle William J. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that eustachian tube opening efficiency, measured as the fractional gradient equilibrated (FGE), is lower in 6‐year‐old children with no middle ear disease but a well‐documented history of recurrent acute otitis media, as compared with children with a negative disease history (control).Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary care pediatric hospital.Subjects and MethodsBilateral eustachian tube function was evaluated in 44 healthy 6‐year‐old children (19 boys, 29 white). None had middle ear disease at the time of testing, but 23 had a history of recurrent acute otitis media. Twenty‐one had no significant past otitis media. Eustachian tube function was measured with a pressure chamber protocol that established negative middle ear gauge pressures (referenced to the chamber pressure) and recorded that pressure before and after a swallow. FGE was calculated as the change in middle ear gauge pressure with swallowing divided by the preswallow pressure. Between‐group comparisons of the preswallow pressures and FGEs were made with a 2‐tailed Student’s t test.ResultsFGE was independent of the preswallow middle ear gauge pressure. For the 39 and 44 evaluable ears in the control and recurrent acute otitis media groups, the mean preswallow pressures were −194 daPa (95% confidence interval [95% CI] = −211 to −177) versus −203 (95% CI = −216 to −190; P >. 40), and FGEs were 0.32 (95% CI = 0.21‐0.43) vs 0.16 (95% CI = 0.08‐0.24; P =. 016), respectively.ConclusionIn children with past recurrent acute otitis media, residual eustachian tube opening inefficiency is maintained after they have “outgrown” their middle ear disease.
Environmental Sustainability in a Sraffian Framework
Authors: Hahnel Robin 
Published: November 2015

This article expands the Sraffian framework to address environmental sustainability by showing how to define and measure what ecological economists call “throughput” and increases in throughput efficiency. In the process it clarifies issues that are often muddled in the steady-state and de-growth literatures. JEL classification: B51, Q55, Q56