bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences between Spanish monolingual and Spanish-English bilingual children in their calculation of entailment-based scalar implicatures
Authors: Syrett Kristen , Lingwall Anne , Perez-Cortes Silvia , Austin Jennifer , Sánchez Liliana , Baker Hannah , Germak Christina , Arias-Amaya Anthony 
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we extend investigations of the possible effects of cross-linguistic influence at the pragmatics-syntax interface (Hulk &amp; Müller 2000; Müller &amp; Hulk 2001; Serratrice, Sorace &amp; Paoli 2004), by presenting two experiments designed to probe how Spanish monolingual and Spanish-English bilingual preschool-age children approach the ‘some, but not all’ scalar implicature (SI) associated with algunos (‘some’). We compare algunos and unos (also a ‘some’ indefinite, but one that is not context-linked and does not induce an SI), and algunos and todos (the universal quantifier ‘every/all’). The performance of the children is compared to fluent adult Spanish heritage speakers. Experiment 1 is a variation of Noveck’s (2001) statement evaluation task, also replicated by Guasti et al. (2005). Experiment 2 is a forced-choice picture selection task. Results demonstrate that adults were the only group to consistently calculate the SI associated with algunos – a finding that was expected to some extent, given that our tasks were stripped of the contextual support that could benefit children’s pragmatic reasoning. While bilingual and monolingual children displayed comparable performance across tasks, bilinguals in Experiment 2 appeared to experience difficulty with judgments related to todos – a pattern we attribute (in light of independent findings) to the cognitive overload in the task, not the lexical entry of this quantifier. We conclude that young monolingual and bilingual children confront the same challenges when called upon to deploy pragmatic skills in a discourse context.This article is part of the special collection: Acquisition of Quantification
Immunohistochemical Detection of Hairy Cell Leukemia in Paraffin Sections: The Role of Pax5 and CD103 Double Staining to Improve Specificity and Sensitivity
Authors: Rozenvald Igor B. , Richardson Maurice D. , Brock Lenessa , Maiese Russell L. 
Published: April 2017

Context.—
In hematopathology practice, abnormal expression of CD103 on B cells is detected by flow cytometry in hairy cell leukemia (HCL) and, in combination with other phenotypic and morphologic findings, provides diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. Immunostaining on paraffin sections makes it possible to perform immunophenotyping in situ. However, normal bone marrow contains CD103-positive cells, which are not B cells, making it difficult to be certain about low-level involvement by HCL.

Objective.—
To develop dual immunostaining for confirmation that CD103 is expressed in B cells, which may be highly desirable in assessing low-level involvement by HCL.

Design.—
We developed a dual immunostaining approach using a B-cell marker, Pax5, expressed in the nucleus, in combination with a membrane marker, CD103.

Results.—
We analyzed 6 HCLs, 7 marginal zone lymphomas, 12 lymphoplasmacytic lymphomas, 7 follicular lymphomas, 5 chronic lymphocytic leukemias, 5 mantle cell lymphomas, 1 multiple myeloma (lymphocytic variant), and 3 bone marrows not involved by any B-cell neoplasm. Our dual staining approach confirmed that only the neoplastic cells of HCL were positive for both CD103 and Pax5.

Conclusions.—
This dual-staining method is particularly helpful in cases with low-level involvement by HCL and can be used for determining minimal residual disease after treatment.
Pollinator diversity and reproductive success ofEpipactis helleborine(L.) Crantz (Orchidaceae) in anthropogenic and natural habitats
Authors: Rewicz Agnieszka , Jaskuła Radomir , Rewicz Tomasz , Tończyk Grzegorz 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundEpipactis helleborineis an Eurasian orchid species which prefers woodland environments but it may also spontaneously and successfully colonise human-made artificial and disturbed habitats such as roadsides, town parks and gardens. It is suggested that orchids colonising anthropogenic habitats are characterised by a specific set of features (e.g., large plant size, fast flower production). However, as it is not well known how pollinator diversity and reproductive success ofE. helleborinediffers in populations in anthropogenic habitats compared to populations from natural habitats, we wanted to compare pollinator diversity and reproductive success of this orchid species between natural and anthropogenic habitat types.MethodsPollination biology, reproductive success and autogamy in populations ofE. helleborinefrom anthropogenic (roadside) and natural (forest) habitats were compared. Eight populations (four natural and four human-disturbed ones) in two seasons were studied according to height of plants, length of inflorescences, as well as numbers of juvenile shoots, flowering shoots, flowers, and fruits. The number and diversity of insect pollinators were studied in one natural and two human-disturbed populations.ResultsReproductive success (the ratio of the number of flowers to the number of fruits) in the populations from anthropogenic habitats was significantly higher than in the natural habitats. Moreover, plants from anthropogenic habitats were larger than those from natural ones. In both types of populations, the main insect pollinators were Syrphidae, Culicidae, Vespidae, Apidae and Formicidae. With respect to the type of pollinators’ mouth-parts, chewing (39%), sponging (34%) and chewing-sucking (20%) pollinators prevailed in anthropogenic habitats. In natural habitats, pollinators with sponging (55%) and chewing mouth-parts (32%) dominated, while chewing-sucking and piercing-sucking insects accounted for 9% and 4% respectively.DiscussionWe suggest that higher reproductive success ofE. helleborinein the populations from anthropogenic habitats than in the populations from natural habitats may result from a higher number of visits by pollinators and their greater species diversity, but also from the larger size of plants growing in such habitats. Moreover, our data clearly show thatE. helleborineis an opportunistic species with respect to pollinators, with a wide spectrum of pollinating insects. Summarising,E. helleborineis a rare example of orchid species whose current range is not declining. Its ability to make use of anthropogenically altered habitats has allowed its significant spatial range expansion, and even successful colonisation of North America.
Migratory orientation in a narrow avian hybrid zone
Authors: Toews David P.L. , Delmore Kira E. , Osmond Matthew M. , Taylor Philip D. , Irwin Darren E. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundZones of contact between closely related taxa with divergent migratory routes, termed migratory divides, have been suggested as areas where hybrid offspring may have intermediate and inferior migratory routes, resulting in low fitness of hybrids and thereby promoting speciation. In the Rocky Mountains of Canada there is a narrow hybrid zone between Audubon’s and myrtle warblers that is likely maintained by selection against hybrids. Band recoveries and isotopic studies indicate that this hybrid zone broadly corresponds to the location of a possible migratory divide, with Audubon’s warblers migrating south-southwest and myrtle warblers migrating southeast. We tested a key prediction of the migratory divide hypothesis: that genetic background would be predictive of migratory orientation among warblers in the center of the hybrid zone.MethodsWe recorded fall migratory orientation of wild-caught migrating warblers in the center of the hybrid zone as measured by video-based monitoring of migratory restlessness in circular orientation chambers. We then tested whether there was a relationship between migratory orientation and genetic background, as measured using a set of species-specific diagnostic genetic markers.ResultsWe did not detect a significant association between orientation and genetic background. There was large variation among individuals in orientation direction. Mean orientation was towards the NE, surprising for birds on fall migration, but aligned with the mountain valley in which the study took place.ConclusionsOnly one other study has directly analyzed migratory orientation among naturally-produced hybrids in a migratory divide. While the other study showed an association between genetic background and orientation, we did not observe such an association in yellow-rumped warblers. We discuss possible reasons, including the possibility of a lack of a strong migratory divide in this hybrid zone and/or methodological limitations that may have prevented accurate measurements of long-distance migratory orientation.
Enlarged Cavum Septi Pellucidi and Vergae in the Fetus: A Cause for Concern
Authors: Ho Yoona K. , Turley Michelle , Marc‐Aurele Krishelle L. , Jones Marilyn C. , Housman Elise , Engelkemier Dawn , Romine Lorene E. , Khanna Paritosh C. , Pretorius Dolores H. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo investigate fetal cases identified at our institution to determine whether an enlarged cavum septi pellucidi or cavum vergae is associated with other fetal abnormalities and whether its presence warrants more detailed investigation of the fetus.MethodsIn a retrospective study, 15 high‐ and low‐risk patients undergoing prenatal sonography who had an enlarged cavum septi pellucidi or cavum vergae identified were reviewed. Data were collected for the sonographic study indication, gestation age at diagnosis of a prominent cavum, and associated anomalies. Follow‐up outcome data regarding further imaging, karyotype, diagnosis of brain anomaly, and associated congenital abnormalities were obtained.ResultsFifteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Nine patients were identified as having a prominent cavum septi pellucidi, and 6 were identified as having a prominent cavum vergae. The mean gestational age ± SD was 22.7 ± 5.9 weeks. Eleven patients made it to delivery. Of the 15 patients, 4 were thought to have trisomy 21, and 13 had congenital anomalies. Outcomes included 10 major adverse outcomes, 4 cases with normal development or minor abnormalities, and 1 lost to follow‐up. An isolated dilated cavum on prenatal sonography was seen in 5 cases: 1 with lissencephaly on a neonatal examination, 3 premature deliveries (1 demise, 1 hospice, and 1 normal), and 1 unknown.ConclusionsOur cohort had many associated clinical anomalies: 3 confirmed trisomy 21 and 1 probable trisomy 21, 2 genetic disorders, and 10 major adverse outcomes, 5 of which were grave. Although we studied a small cohort, we conclude that an enlarged cavum septi pellucidi or cavum vergae warrants consideration of genetic counseling, which may include noninvasive prenatal testing (cell‐free DNA), amniocentesis with microarray testing, or both.
Biomarkers to Inform Prognosis and Treatment for Unresectable or Metastatic GEP-NENs
Authors: Loree Jonathan M. , Chan David , Lim Jennifer , Stuart Heather , Fidelman Nicolas , Koea Jonathan , Posavad Jason , Cummins Meredith , Doucette Sarah , Myrehaug Sten , Naraev Boris , Bailey Dale L. , Bellizzi Andrew , Laidley David , Boyle Veronica , Goodwin Rachel , del Rivero Jaydi , Michael Michael , Pasieka Janice , Singh Simron 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceEvidence-based treatment decisions for advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs) require individualized patient-centered decision-making that accounts for patient and cancer characteristics.ObjectiveTo create an accessible guidance document to educate clinicians and patients on biomarkers informing prognosis and treatment in unresectable or metastatic GEP-NENs.MethodsA multidisciplinary panel in-person workshop was convened to define methods. English language articles published from January 2016 to January 2023 in PubMed (MEDLINE) and relevant conference abstracts were reviewed to investigate prognostic and treatment-informing features in unresectable or metastatic GEP-NENs. Data from included studies were used to form evidence-based recommendations. Quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were determined using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework. Consensus was reached via electronic survey following a modified Delphi method.FindingsA total of 131 publications were identified, including 8 systematic reviews and meta-analyses, 6 randomized clinical trials, 29 prospective studies, and 88 retrospective cohort studies. After 2 rounds of surveys, 24 recommendations and 5 good clinical practice statements were developed, with full consensus among panelists. Recommendations focused on tumor and functional imaging characteristics, blood-based biomarkers, and carcinoid heart disease. A single strong recommendation was made for symptomatic carcinoid syndrome informing treatment in midgut neuroendocrine tumors. Conditional recommendations were made to use grade, morphology, primary site, and urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic levels to inform treatment. The guidance document was endorsed by the Commonwealth Neuroendocrine Tumour Collaboration and the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society.Conclusions and RelevanceThe study results suggest that select factors have sufficient evidence to inform care in GEP-NENs, but the evidence for most biomarkers is weak. This article may help guide management and identify gaps for future research to advance personalized medicine and improve outcomes for patients with GEP-NENs.
Superprotonic Conductivity in Hexagonal and Tetragonal Cesium Hydroxide Hydrate
Authors: Rodenburg Hendrik P. , Stainer Florian , Draijer Koen M. , Ni Hailan , Spychala Jonas , Artrith Nongnuch , Wilkening H. Martin R. , Ngene Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSolid‐state proton conductors with high conductivity at intermediate temperatures (100–300 °C) have recently gained attention due to their potential for a wide range of new electrochemical applications. The proton conductivity of cesium hydroxide hydrate (CsOH.H2O) is reported on, a superprotonic conductor whose ionic conductivity is hitherto unreported. Via a thermal treatment, the hexagonal and tetragonal CsOH.H2O phases are prepared and the effect of the degree of hydration (H2O content) on the structure and proton conductivity is investigated. It is shown that the temperature in the thermal treatment has an enormous influence on the structure and water content, and consequently, the proton transport. The conductivity of the hexagonal and tetragonal phases exceeds 3 × 103 S cm−1 at 30 °C and 10−2 S cm−1 at 120 °C, making them potentially suitable for both low‐ and intermediate‐temperature electrochemical applications. 1H NMR spin‐lattice relaxation rate measurements reveal fast dynamic processes with rates reaching the GHz regime, resulting in diffusion coefficients as high as 1.3 × 10−11 m2 s−1 at 60 °C, in good agreement with the proton conductivity results derived from impedance spectroscopy. These findings will inspire the development of novel inorganic solid proton conductors based on hydroxide hydrates.
Thin Film Electrostatic Adsorption Damper Based on Triboelectric High‐Voltage
Authors: Lai Zhemin , Shen Junyao , Zhao Haohan , Jiang Yongkang , Cheng Xiangrong , Yang Bo , Ji Linhong , Yang Ze , Cheng Jia 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn response to the technical challenge of sustainably powering electrostatic adsorption systems requiring voltages exceeding several thousand volts, a thin film electrostatic adsorption damper (EAD) based on triboelectric high‐voltage is proposed. The core concept of the EAD relies on utilizing the changeable electrostatic force propelled by a rotary freestanding triboelectric nanogenerator (RF‐TENG) to achieve a variable stiffness effect akin to artificial muscle. By adjusting the voltage in accordance with the electrostatic force, the variable stiffness and equivalent damping coefficient can be changed, realizing an electrically controllable damping effect. The modification of dynamic adsorption properties and equivalent damping of the EAD is successfully achieved by investigating a 1D mass‐spring‐EAD vibration system, demonstrating that the damping coefficient can be adjusted from 0.1 to 5 Ns m−1 at different RF‐TENG rotation speeds. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the EAD is validated through the design and testing of a fish‐like scale structure, a joint with variable stiffness, and a heavy‐load lifter. This triboelectric high‐voltage‐based EAD presents a novel approach to sustainable power supply for electrostatic adsorption, which holds significant potential for diverse applications such as advanced cloth defense, artificial muscle technologies, load lifting operations, etc.
Removing Homocoupling Defects in Alkoxy/Alkyl‐PBTTT Enhances Polymer:Fullerene Co‐Crystal Formation and Stability
Authors: Liu Zhen , Vanderspikken Jochen , Mantegazza Paola , Moro Stefania , Hamid Mouna , Mertens Sigurd , Van den Brande Niko , Lutsen Laurence , Lemaur Vincent , Beljonne David , Costantini Giovanni , Vandewal Koen , Van Mele Bruno , Maes Wouter , Goderis Bart 
Published: October 2024

AbstractC14‐alkoxy/alkyl PBTTT‐OR‐R, a derivative of the prototype PBTTT polymer, is relevant for optoelectronic applications because it combines PBTTT‐like intercalation behavior with enhanced charge‐transfer absorption at longer wavelengths. Additionally, fundamental insights are achieved by comparing this alternating conjugated polymer in the presence and absence of homocoupling defects. While the homocoupling‐free oxidative variant, PBTTT‐OR‐R(O), as well as the Stille polymer with 19% homocoupling defects, PBTTT‐OR‐R(S), can both form co‐crystals when stoichiometrically mixed with PC61BM, the co‐crystal of the latter shows properties which are highly dependent on the thermal processing conditions because of the presence of these defects. The PBTTT‐OR‐R(S):PC61BM co‐crystal shows a low thermal stability and PC61BM can progressively be expelled upon heating. In cooling from the melt and depending on the cooling rate, mixtures of PBTTT‐OR‐R(S) and PC61BM show a competition between co‐crystallization (fast cooling) and separate crystallization (slow cooling). The PBTTT‐OR‐R(O):PC61BM co‐crystal is much more stable up to at least 260 °C and is not influenced by the applied cooling rate. These findings also translate to the device level. The performance of PBTTT‐OR‐R:PC61BM photodiodes is severely deteriorated after isothermal annealing in case of PBTTT‐OR‐R(S), whereas the thermally robust co‐crystals of PBTTT‐OR‐R(O) allow a more flexible design of optimized devices.
Multifunctional Wearable Conductive Nanofiber Membrane with Antibacterial and Breathable Ability for Superior Sensing, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, and Thermal Management
Authors: Yang Wenke , Pan Duo , Liu Shun , Jia Gaoen , Wang Yalong , Liu Hu , Liu Chuntai , Shen Changyu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the rapid development of bioscience and technology, wearable electronic devices are developing toward advanced trends such as flexibility, convenience, multifunctionality, and user‐friendliness. Herein, polystyrene‐block‐poly(ethylene‐co‐butylene)‐block‐polystyrene (SEBS) is employed for assisting the strong binding of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with polyimide nanofiber (PIF) to obtain the durable PIAgS conductive nanofiber membrane with antibacterial and hydrophobic ability. Owing to the porous fiber skeleton of nanofiber membrane and good interface adhesion, AgNPs can be homogeneously anchored onto fiber surface to construct stable and perfect 3D conductive network with an ultrahigh conductivity of up to 2102.7 S/m, enabling multifunctionality of the resultant conductive nanofiber membrane with superior bioelectric signal (EMG/ECG) sensing, pressure sensing (S = 1.45 kPa−1, 100 kPa) for deep learning assisted gesture recognition, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding (18757.8 dB·cm2·g−1), and electric heating (12.2 °C/V2) performances. Furthermore, as a multifunctional wearable electronic device, the antimicrobial ability of AgNPs and breathability of nanofiber membrane can ensure its sufficient wearing safety and comfort. Importantly, the inherent weathering resistance of PINF and SEBS also endows it with excellent stability and broad service life. Taken together, the designed conductive nanofiber membrane possesses great application potential for next‐generation multifunctional wearable electronic device with excellent stability and wide applicability.
Tailoring the Electronic Metal‐Support Interaction of Single‐Atom Platinum Catalysts for Boosting Water‐Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: Shui Ziyi , Zhang Fenglian , Yang Hongling , Zhao Mengfei , Zhao Zeyu , Li Ganggang , Wei Zheng , Jiang Guoxia , Zhang Zhongshen , Hao Zhengping 
Published: October 2024

AbstractExploring electronic metal‐support interaction (EMSI) in heterogeneous catalysis is significant for developing efficient supported metal catalysts. Herein, single‐atom Pt1/CeO2 catalysts possessing diverse local structures and coordination environments are convincingly fabricated via ALD technique for the water‐gas shift reaction (WGSR). The PtCe‐2 catalyst obtained after two ALD cycles is primarily composed of Pt1 coordinated to five oxygen atoms (Pt5c), while the PtCe‐6 catalyst is dominated by Pt3c configuration. The PtCe‐2 catalyst exhibits an H2 production rate ≈2.4 times higher than that of PtCe‐6 at 250 °C. The combined experimental and theoretical studies demonstrate that the atomic location‐induced strong EMSI weakens the adsorption strength of CO on Pt5c, subsequently lowering the energy barrier for the crucial intermediate step of CO conversion. This study elucidates the effect of EMSI in the WGSR, and provides new insights for the rational design of efficient single‐atom catalysts.
Nanoengineered Neutrophil as 19F‐MRI Tracer for Alert Diagnosis and Severity Assessment of Acute Lung Injury
Authors: Li Sha , Zhang Lei , Xu Qiuyi , Sui Meiju , Xiao Long , Chen Daiqin , Jiang Zhong‐Xing , Zhou Xin , Chen Shizhen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcute lung injury (ALI) is a severe complication in clinical settings. Alert diagnosis and severity assessment of ALI is pivotal to ensure curative treatment and increase survival rates. However, the development of a precise ALI diagnostic strategy remains a pending task. Here, leveraging neutrophil's inflammation‐homing and physiological barrier‐navigating capability, a facile strategy is proposed for achieving targeted 19F‐MRI detection of ALI based on the nanoengineered neutrophil internalized with perfluorocarbon nanoemulsion (Neu@PFC). The remodeling process poses a negligible impact on the neutrophil's inherent activation and transmigration functions. The migratory behavior of Neu@PFC toward pneumonia is confirmed in vivo using an LPS‐induced ALI murine model. Direct intratracheal (i.t.) administration contributes to a vast deposition of Neu@PFC within the lung, allowing for real‐time 19F‐MRI visualization and the potential to predict progressive pneumonia. Furthermore, intravenous (i.v.) administration of Neu@PFC enables quantitative assessment of the extent of ALI due to the chemokine‐guided neutrophil migration. This study not only provides a pathway to diagnose ALI, but also sheds light on the neutrophil recruitment and activation cues in different tissues and inflammatory conditions, which is a prerequisite for developing potential therapeutic approaches.