bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of nanochannels on Poisson's ratio of degenerate crystal of hard dimers
Authors: Narojczyk Jakub W. , Kowalik Mikołaj , Wojciechowski Krzysztof W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAbstractauthoren Hard‐body models reproduce many fundamental features of real physical systems and are convenient tools to study the role of molecular shape and its influence on macroscopic, for example, elastic, properties of condensed matter. In this article, a degenerate (aperiodic) crystal of hard dimers with arrays of nanochannels introduced in the direction is studied by Monte Carlo simulations. The nanochannels are filled by hard spheres of diameter which can be different from the diameter of spheres forming dimers. It is shown that, by modifying the ratio , one can qualitatively modify the Poisson's ratio of the system. In particular, one can obtain partial auxetics (i.e., systems with negative Poisson's ratio in some directions) with auxetic directions or . The applied method is convenient to determine Poisson's ratio in all directions for crystals of arbitrary symmetry. Explicit formulae for Poisson's ratio in main directions of the studied structures are given.Structure of hard dimers (green atoms) with an array of nanochannels (red atoms). Diameters of dimer atoms have been intentionally decreased to reveal underlying molecular structure (black segments) and channel orientation.
Fetal myocardial deformation in maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity
Authors: Kulkarni A. , Li L. , Craft M. , Nanda M. , Lorenzo J. M. M. , Danford D. , Kutty S. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveExperimental evidence suggests that changes in the fetal myocardium result from intrauterine effects of maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity. The aim of this study was to assess fetal cardiac function using two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography to determine the effects of maternal diabetes and obesity on the fetal myocardium.MethodsComparative cross‐sectional evaluation of myocardial function in fetuses of mothers with diabetes mellitus (FDM) or obesity (FO) and normal gestational age‐matched control fetuses (FC) was performed using two‐dimensional speckle‐tracking echocardiography at two centers.ResultsIn total, 178 fetuses (82 FDM, 26 FO and 70 FC) met the enrolment criteria. Mean gestational age at assessment was similar among groups: 25.3 ± 5.1 weeks for FDM, 25.0 ± 4.6 weeks for FO and 25.1 ± 4.9 weeks for FC. Mean maternal body mass index was significantly higher in FDM and FO groups compared with the FC group. Statistically significant differences in fetal cardiac function were detected between FDM and FC for global longitudinal strain (mean ± SD, –21.4 ± 6.5% vs –27.0 ± 5.2%; P < 0.001), global circumferential strain (mean ± SD, –22.6 ± 6.5% vs –26.2 ± 6.8%; P = 0.002), average longitudinal systolic strain rate (median, –1.4 (interquartile range (IQR), –1.7 to –1.1)/s vs –1.6 (IQR, –2.0 to –1.4)/s; P = 0.001) and average circumferential systolic strain rate (median, –1.4 (IQR, –1.9 to –1.1)/s vs –1.6 (IQR, –2.1 to –1.3)/s; P = 0.006). Cases of non‐obese FDM also had abnormal strain parameters compared with FC. Global longitudinal strain (mean ± SD, –21.1 ± 7.5%) and average circumferential systolic strain rate (median, –1.3 (IQR, –1.8 to –1.1)/s) were significantly lower in FO compared with FC.ConclusionsUnfavorable changes occur in the fetal myocardium in response to both maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity. The long‐term prognostic implications of these changes require further study. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Efficacy of Prophylactic Mesh in End‐Colostomy Construction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Wang Shuanhu , Wang Wenbin , Zhu Bing , Song Guolei , Jiang Congqiao 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundParastomal hernia is a very common complication after colostomy, especially end‐colostomy. It is unclear whether prophylactic placement of mesh at the time of stoma formation could prevent parastomal hernia formation after surgery for rectal cancer. A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic mesh in end‐colostomy construction.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched, covering records entered from their inception to September 2015. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing stoma with mesh to stoma without mesh after surgery for rectal cancer were included. The primary outcome was the incidence of parastomal hernia. Pooled risk ratios (RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were obtained using random effects models.ResultsSix RCTs containing 309 patients were included. Parastomal hernia occurred in 24.4 % (38 of 156) of patients with mesh and 50.3 % (77 of 153) of patients without mesh. Meta‐analysis showed a lower incidence of parastomal hernia (RR, 0.42; 95 % CI 0.22–0.82) and reoperation related to parastomal hernia (RR, 0.23; 95 % CI 0.06–0.89) in patients with mesh. Stoma‐related morbidity was similar between mesh group and non‐mesh group (RR, 0.65; 95 % CI 0.33–1.30).ConclusionsProphylactic placement of a mesh at the time of a stoma formation seems to be associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of parastomal hernia and reoperation related to parastomal hernia after surgery for rectal cancer, but not the rate of stoma‐related morbidity. However, the results should be interpreted with caution because of the heterogeneity among the studies.
Climbing the Ladder: Experience with Developing a Large Group Genetic Counselor Career Ladder at Children's National Health System
Authors: Kofman Laura , Seprish Mary Beth , Summar Marshall 
Published: May 2016

AbstractChildren's National Health System (CNHS) is a not‐for‐profit pediatric hospital that employs around twenty genetic counselors in a range of specialties, including clinical pediatric, neurology, fetal medicine, research, and laboratory. CNHS lacked a structured system of advancement for their genetic counselors; therefore, a formal career ladder was proposed by the genetic counselors based on years of experience, responsibility, and job performance. This career ladder utilized monetary, academic, and seniority incentives to encourage advancement and continue employment at CNHS. The creation and ultimate approval of the career ladder required direct input from genetic counselors, Department Chairs, and Human Resource personnel. The establishment of a genetic counselor career ladder at CNHS will hopefully benefit the profession of genetic counselors as a whole and allow other facilities to create and maintain their own career ladder to meet the needs of the growing, competitive, field of genetic counseling.
Changes in Retinal N‐Acylethanolamines and their Oxylipin Derivatives During the Development of Visual Impairment in a Mouse Model for Glaucoma
Authors: Montgomery Christa L. , Keereetaweep Jantana , Johnson Heather M. , Grillo Stephanie L. , Chapman Kent D. , Koulen Peter 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNeurons are especially susceptible to oxidative damage, which is increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disease. Certain N‐acylethanolamines (NAEs) have been shown to protect neurons from oxidative stress. Since glaucoma may be considered a neurodegenerative disorder and the survival of retinal neurons could also be influenced by N‐acylethanolamines, our goal was to quantify changes in certain N‐acylethanolamine species and their oxylipin derivatives in the retina of a mouse model for glaucoma. We also sought to identify relationships between these and parameters of glaucoma disease development, specifically intraocular pressure, visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity. Five N‐acylethanolamine species and three NAE oxylipin derivatives were quantified in retina from young and aged DBA/2Crl mice. N‐Acylethanolamines and NAE‐oxylipins in retinal extracts were quantified against deuterated standards by isotope dilution gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Levels (nmol/g dry weight) of N‐arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide; NAE 20:4) were significantly (p = 0.008) decreased in aged (2.875 ± 0.6702) compared to young animals (5.175 ± 0.971). Conversely, the anandamide oxylipin, 15(S)‐HETE ethanolamide (15(S)‐HETE EA), was significantly (p = 0.042) increased in aged (0.063 ± 0.009) compared to young animals (0.039 ± 0.011). Enzymatic depletion of the anandamide pool by 15‐lipoxygenase and consequent accumulation of 15(S)‐HETE ethanolamine may contribute to decreased visual function in glaucomatous mice. Since N‐acylethanolamines effectively attenuate glaucoma pathogenesis and associated visual impairment, our data provides additional rationale and novel targets for glaucoma therapies.
Raising awareness of cognitive biases during diagnostic reasoning
Authors: Van Geene Kaylee , De Groot Esther , Erkelens Carmen , Zwart Dorien 
Published: May 2016

Introduction Bias in diagnostic reasoning can potentially lead to severe consequences. We explored how to design an experiential learning workshop in a general practice clerkship to raise awareness on bias.
Method A group of 12 students was split into two groups. Both groups ‘diagnosed’ two patients in two case studies. Only one group, without them knowing, were given a case including salient distracting features. The whole group discussed the influence of these distractors. In the second round all students had salient distracting features in their case descriptions but only one group had a debiasing tool, a checklist to reconsider their first diagnosis, which they discussed in the final large group discussion.
Results Students were misled by salient distracting features and thus experienced how one small difference in a case description may lead to a different diagnosis, due to bias. The debiasing tool was regarded with scepticism. Afterwards, students indicated that, thanks to experiencing bias themselves, they felt better equipped to recognize the risk of bias.
Conclusions An experiential learning approach with case studies containing salient distracting features seems to be a viable method to learn about bias in a general practice clerkship.
Effects of previous ovarian drilling on cumulative ongoing pregnancy rates among patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization
Authors: Cai Jiali , Liu Lanlan , Sun Lingbin , Sha Aiguo , Jiang Xiaoming , Ren Jianzhi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if history of undergoing laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) was associated with changes in cumulative ongoing pregnancy rates following in‐vitro fertilization in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).MethodsThe present retrospective study was performed in an in vitro fertilization unit in Xiamen, China, between June 1, 2008 and December 31, 2012. Patient characteristics and in vitro fertilization treatment outcomes were compared between patients with PCOS and a history of LOD (LOD group), patients with PCOS without a history of LOD (no‐LOD group), and age‐matched patients without PCOS and with no history of LOD (age‐matched group).ResultsThe study included 110 patients in the LOD group, 127 patients in the no‐LOD group, and 990 patients in the age‐matched group. A lower number of retrieved oocytes, fewer available embryos, and a lower number of cryopreserved embryos were observed in among patients in the LOD‐group compared with the other groups (P ≤ 0.001). No differences in birth rates following fresh embryo transfers were observed between the LOD‐group, and the age‐matched group (P = 0.274) and the no‐LOD group (P = 0.120). A higher adjusted odds ratio of cumulative pregnancy per initiated in vitro fertilization cycle was observed in the no‐LOD group when compared with the LOD group (1.976; 95% confidence interval 1.091–3.580).ConclusionLOD could compromise cumulative ongoing pregnancy rates during subsequent in vitro fertilization.
Evaluating topical opioid gel on donor site pain: A small randomised double blind controlled trial
Authors: Fransén Jian , Bastami Salumeh , Sjöberg Folke , Uppugunduri Srinivas , Huss Fredrik R.M. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Background:
Autologous donor skin harvested for transplantation is a common procedure in patients with burns, and patients often feel more pain at the donor site than is justified by the extent of trauma. Topical morphine gels have been thought to have an effect on peripheral opioid receptors by creating antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects, which could potentially reduce the systemic use of morphine-like substances and their adverse effects.

Methods:
We therefore did a paired, randomised, double-blind placebo study to investigate the effect of morphine gel and placebo on dual donor sites that had been harvested in 13 patients. Pain was measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS) 15 times in a total of 5 days.

Results:
The mean (SD) VAS was 1.6 (2.3) for all sites, 1.5 (2.2) for morphine, and 2.0 (2.5) for placebo. The pain relieving effects of morphine gel were not significantly better than placebo.

Conclusion:
The assessment of pain at donor sites is subjective, and more systematic and objective studies are needed.

Highlights
Is Bondage and Discipline, Dominance and Submission, and Sadomasochism Recreational Leisure? A Descriptive Exploratory Investigation
Authors: Williams DJ. , Prior Emily E. , Alvarado Thea , Thomas Jeremy N. , Christensen M. Candace 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Recent studies have suggested that, in contrast to traditional psychopathologic explanations, bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadomasochism (BDSM) could be understood as recreational leisure. However, the theoretical framing of BDSM as potential leisure has not been empirically explored.

Aim
To conduct an initial empirical exploration to determine whether BDSM experience fits established characteristics of recreational leisure.

Methods
A convenience sample of BDSM participants (N = 935) completed an online survey (9 demographic questions and 17 leisure questions) that assessed BDSM experience according to important attributes of leisure. Responses also were assessed and statistically compared as being primarily casual or serious leisure according to general BDSM identities (ie, dominants vs submissives vs switches).

Main Outcome Measures
BDSM experiences were assessed as a form of potential leisure.

Results
Most BDSM experiences met leisure criteria. Participants reported that “most of the time or nearly always” BDSM was associated with a sense of personal freedom (89.7% of participants), pleasure or enjoyment (98.5%), sense of adventure (90.7%), use of personal skills (90.8%), relaxation or decreased stress (91.4%), self-expression or exploration (90.6%), and positive emotions (96.6%). BDSM seemed to function as primarily serious, rather than casual, leisure, but important statistical differences were observed based on specific BDSM identities.

Conclusion
A leisure science perspective could be valuable to researchers and clinicians in reinterpreting the wide range of diverse BDSM motivations and practices.
Using optical coherence tomography to evaluate macular changes after surgical management for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Cheng Kai‐Chun , Cheng Kai‐Yuan , Cheng Kai‐Hung , Chen Kuo‐Jen , Chen Chia‐Hui , Wu Wen‐Chuan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIncomplete visual recovery, color vision defects, or persistent metamorphopsia may persist even after successful surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), especially in cases of RD with macula off, suggesting microstructural macular damage that standard fundus biomicroscopy could not detect. We compared spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography imaging with preoperative and postoperative visual acuity to evaluate the relationship between morphological changes in the outer retina and visual outcome after successful repair of RRD with macula on or off. We enrolled 43 patients (43 eyes) with successful repair of RRD and a minimum 6‐month follow up after surgery in this retrospective research. Patients accepted spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography postoperatively and visual acuity examination preoperatively and postoperatively. The mean age of the patients was 48.74 ± 12.68 years (range: 16–77 years). The mean visual acuity (logarithm of minimal angle of resolution) before surgery was 0.87 ± 0.70. Disrupted ellipsoid zone was noted in one of 11 eyes in the macula‐on group (9.1%) and 19 of 32 eyes in the macula‐off group (59.4%). Disrupted external limiting membrane (ELM) was noted in no eye in the macula‐on group (0%) and 11 of 32 eyes in the macula‐off group (34.4%). The macula‐off group was associated with better postoperative visual gains than the macula‐on group (p = 0.013). Patients with integrity of the ellipsoid zone and ELM were associated with significant visual improvement than patients with disruption of the ellipsoid zone or ELM.
Entropy Generation Case Studies of Two-Immiscible Fluids Under the Influence of a Uniform Magnetic Field in an Inclind Channel
Authors: Nezhad A. H. , Shahri M. F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper deals with entropy generation of two immiscible fluids inside an inclined channel under the influence of a uniform magnetic field. The channel consists of two regions such that a viscous fluid occupies the region I and an electrically conducting fluid occupies the region II. The governing equations of momentum and energy for two regions are solved by Mathematica package BVPh 2.0 which is based on homotopy analysis method. The analytical results are validated against other numerical simulations and experimental data and excellent agreements are achieved. The entropy generation components due to heat transfer and fluid friction for two immiscible fluids are formulated and then the total entropy generation is computed. The influence of various parameters including Grashof number, Hartmann number and inclination angle on the total entropy generation and its components is examined and discussed. Results show that total entropy generation has a direct relationship with Grashof number and inclination angle, while it has a reverse relationship with Hartmann number. It can also be found that although the enlargement of Hartmann number increases the contribution of entropy generation due to Ohmic dissipation, it still reduces the total entropy generation inside the channel.
A model of collaboration network formation with heterogeneous skills
Authors: ANDERSON KATHARINE A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCollaboration networks provide a method for examining the highly heterogeneous structure of collaborative communities. However, we still have limited theoretical understanding of how individual heterogeneity relates to network heterogeneity. The model presented here provides a framework linking an individual's skill set to her position in the collaboration network, and the distribution of skills in the population to the structure of the collaboration network as a whole. This model suggests that there is a non-trivial relationship between skills and network position: individuals with a useful combination of skills will have a disproportionate number of links in the network. Indeed, in some cases, an individual's degree is non-monotonic in the number of skills she has—an individual with very few skills may outperform an individual with many. Special cases of the model suggest that the degree distribution of the network will be skewed, even when the distribution of skills is uniform in the population. The degree distribution becomes more skewed as problems become more difficult, leading to a community dominated by a few high-degree superstars. This has striking implications for labor market outcomes in industries where production is largely the result of collaborative effort.
Past and present dynamics of Skelton Glacier, Transantarctic Mountains
Authors: Jones R.S. , Golledge N.R. , Mackintosh A.N. , Norton K.P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAny future changes in the volume of Antarctica’s ice sheets will depend on the dynamic response of outlet glaciers to shifts in environmental conditions. In the Transantarctic Mountains, this response is probably heavily dependent on the geometry of the system, but few studies have quantified the sensitivity of these glaciers to environmental forcings. Here we investigated the controls, along-flow sensitivity and time-dependent dynamics of Skelton Glacier. Three key outcomes were: i) present-day flow is governed primarily by surface slope, which responds to reduced valley width and large bed undulations, ii) Skelton Glacier is more susceptible to changes in atmospheric temperature than precipitation through its effect on basal sliding near the grounding line, and iii) under conditions representative of Pliocene and Quaternary climates large changes in ice thickness and velocity would have occurred in the lower reaches of the glacier. Based on these new quantitative predictions of the past and present dynamics of Skelton Glacier, we suggest that similar Transantarctic Mountain outlet glaciers could experience greater ice loss in their confined, lower reaches through increased basal sliding and ocean melt under warmer-than-present conditions. These effects are greatest where overdeepenings exist near the grounding line.
Preparedness of Finnish Emergency Medical Services for Chemical Emergencies
Authors: Jama Timo J. , Kuisma Markku J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe preparedness level of Finnish Emergency Medical Services (EMS) for treating chemical emergencies is unknown. The aim of this study was to survey the preparedness level of EMS systems for managing and handling mass-casualty chemical incidents in the prehospital phase in Finland.HypothesisThe study hypothesis was that university hospital districts would have better clinical capability to treat patients than would central hospital districts in terms of the number of patients treated in the field within one hour after dispatching as well as patients transported to hospital within one hour or two hours after dispatching.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted as a Webropol (Wuppertal, Germany) survey. All hospital districts (n=20) in continental Finland were asked about their EMS preparedness level in terms of capability of treating and transporting chemically affected patients in the field. Their capability for decontamination of affected patients in the field was also inquired.ResultsUniversity hospital district-based EMS systems had at least 20% better absolute clinical capacity than central hospital-based EMS systems for treating chemically affected patients concerning all treatments inquired about, except the capacity for non-invasive ventilation (NIV)/continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in the field. Overall, there was a good level of preparedness for treating chemical accident patients with supplemental oxygen, bronchodilators, and inhaled corticosteroids. Preparedness for providing antidote therapy in cases of cyanide gas exposure was, in general, low. The variation among the hospital districts was remarkable. Only nine of 15 central hospital district EMS had a mobile decontamination unit available, whereas four of five university hospital districts had one.ConclusionEmergency Medical Services capacity in Finland for treating chemically affected patients in the field needs to be improved, especially in terms of antidote therapy. Mobile decontamination units should be available in all hospital districts.JamaTJ, KuismaMJ. Preparedness of Finnish Emergency Medical Services for chemical emergencies. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(4):392–396.