bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of evaporation temperature on evaporative residue properties of waterborne polyurethane modified emulsified asphalt
Authors: Mu Minghao , Liu Xinqiang , Bi Haisong , Wang Zheng , Qian Chengduo , Liu Yifan , Liu Xiufen , Li Xue 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In recent years, waterborne polyurethane (WPU) modified emulsified asphalt has attracted much attention. The conventional property of WPU-modified emulsified asphalt (WPU-MEA) is usually measured by using the evaporative residue obtained at high temperatures. In this work, WPU-MEA was prepared and the influence of evaporative temperature on the conventional performances (softening point, penetration, ductility) of the residue of WPU-MEA was investigated. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Fluorescence microscope (FM) were used to analyze the chemical structure and morphology of the evaporative residues. It was found that the evaporation dehydration temperature has a significant influence on the property of the evaporation residue of WPU-MEA. The evaporative residue performance of WPU modified asphalt was better at an evaporation temperature of 110°C, and the three conventional properties were significantly improved. Upon increasing the evaporation temperature, the conventional properties of WPU-MEA continue to decrease. As the evaporation temperature is 190°C, the conventional property of the residue is close to that of unmodified emulsified asphalt. Considering the performance index of WPU-MEA, the optimal evaporation temperature should be determined in the characterization of residue performance. This study has a guiding significance for the development of polyurethane-modified asphalt materials.
Modification of chemical vapor-phase deposition and coking resistance over HZSM-5 catalysts for toluene disproportionation
Authors: Liu Tao , Liu Jian , Liang Jingjing , Han Songtao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To achieve higher catalytic activity of toluene disproportionation and improve the p-xylene selectivity and stability of coking resistance on HZSM-5 catalysts, tetrabutyl titanate, ethyl orthosilicate and diethyl phosphite were used for chemical gas-phase deposition modification on HZSM-5 catalysts. The properties of acid sites on catalysts were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and temperature-programmed desorption of pyridine (TPD), respectively. The experimental results showed that the type of acid sites and density of weaker acid sites over HZSM-5 zeolites deposited by oxides containing Ti, Si and P in chemical vapor coating did not change while the density of stronger acid sites decreased, in which acid intensity on HZSM-5 zeolite deposited by oxides containing P enhanced obviously. Using HZSM-5 zeolites modified as catalysts of toluene disproportionation, HZSM-5 catalysts deposited by oxides containing Si and P can greatly improve both catalytic activity and coking resistance on catalysts.
Influence of oil base and gelling agent on the performance of oil gels
Authors: Song Xiaoxu , Wang Yao , Sun Mengyu , Zhao Wenying , Zhu Qingshu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Oil gels, as a novel delivery system, have broad prospects in carrying nutrients and active substances. It has been found that the properties of oil gels are closely related to the types of oil bases and gelling agents used. In this study, soybean oil, sesame oil, and coconut oil were used as oil bases, while ethyl cellulose (EC), monoglycerides (MG), herbal extracts (HE), and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose-xanthan gum (HPMC-XG) were used as gelling agents to prepare different oil gels. The performance of the oil gels was evaluated based on appearance, microstructure, viscosity, oil-holding capacity, and drug-loading capability.
Comparative study on stress corrosion resistance of 7150/7055/7A56 aluminum alloys
Authors: Wang Qingsong , Ran Hongwei , Li Yanan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The effect of the alloying degree of 7xxx aluminum alloys on stress-corrosion resistance and microstructure was explored. The relationship between the microstructure characteristics and stress-corrosion performance of the three 7xxx aluminum alloys was analyzed. The results show that with an increase in alloying degree, the quantity of precipitated phases along grain boundaries notably increases, and the connectivity between precipitated phases is significantly enhanced, leading to an increased tendency for alloy dissolution. Anodic dissolution causes intergranular corrosion, making grain boundaries serve as channels for rapid crack propagation under tensile stress, thereby increasing the alloy’s stress-corrosion susceptibility. The stress-corrosion sensitivities of the three alloys are as follows: 7150 < 7055 < 7A56.
Anharmonic effect in combustion of high-carbon alcohol fuel 2-hexanol dissociation reaction
Authors: Wang Li , Xia Wenwen , Zhang Wenhan , Wang Yao , Yao Li 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations were applied to study the anharmonic effect and reaction mechanism of the 2-hexanol dissociation reaction. The thermodynamic quantity (C
o
p, S
o, Δf
H
o) for the title reaction were studied of 15 species in the temperature scope of 298 K − 4000 K. The kinetic quantity (k(T)) was studied for 8 reaction pathways within a temperature region of 1000 K − 4000 K. The results show that the H2O elimination pathway dominates at low temperatures, whereas the simple bond dissociation pathway plays a more important role at higher temperatures. The anharmonic and harmonic rate constants increase with rising temperature, the anharmonic effect of the 2-hexanol dissociation reaction system cannot be neglected. Finally, the principle of least squares was employed to present the thermodynamic coefficients a
1-a
7 and the kinetic coefficients A, n, E of the 2-Hexanol dissociation reaction mechanism.
A visible transparent infrared microwave compatible stealth metasurface with low infrared emissivity
Authors: Zhang Jihao , Zhu Huanzheng , Ghosh Pintu , Li Qiang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article proposes a visible transparent infrared microwave-compatible stealth metasurface with low infrared emissivity, aiming to integrate visible transparency, low infrared radiation, and broadband microwave absorption. The entire structure consists of a dual layer of infrared shielding layer (IRSL) and microwave absorption layer (MAL). Among them, IRSL adopts a frequency selective surface (FSS) structure with high-duty cycle dielectric-metal-dielectric (DMD) to obtain low infrared emissivity and high microwave transmittance. MAL combines the equivalent circuit method (ECM) and particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) to design a circular ring metasurface for broadband microwave absorption. To achieve better absorption performance, a transition layer (TL) is introduced to improve impedance matching between IRSL and MAL. Meanwhile, the use of transparent materials throughout the entire structure has the characteristic of visible transparency. In summary, this article proposes a multiband compatible stealth metasurface design method that can meet the stealth requirements of modern battlefields.
A short-term wind power forecasting model based on CUR
Authors: Wu Shuang , Lei Hengxin , Ming Lim Tong , Yiqi Tew , Thein Lai Wong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Wind power forecasting plays a crucial role in the contemporary renewable energy system. During the process of forecasting wind power, the establishment of LSTM models requires a lot of time and effort, and the interpretability of prediction results is poor, making it difficult to understand and verify the results. To accomplish interpretable and precise wind power predictions, this paper introduces a wind power prediction algorithm model leveraging CUR matrix decomposition. The CUR matrix decomposition method first obtains the original matrix A (wind power data matrix). The statistical influence scores of rows and columns in A are calculated, and several columns and rows with higher scores are selected to form a low dimensional matrix C and R. Matrix C contains the main characteristic factors that affect wind power, while matrix R contains time series features. Then, the matrix U is approximated by A, C, and R to transform the preference feature extraction problem in high-dimensional space into a matrix analysis problem in low-dimensional space, making it more interpretable and accurate. The efficacy of the wind power forecasting approach utilizing CUR matrix decomposition is assessed and confirmed on openly accessible datasets. The results indicate that the CUR matrix decomposition method has good prediction accuracy and interpretability.
Multilayer decoupling control of photovoltaic integrated heat pump based on expected value
Authors: Han Nali , Xu Juan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, a multilayer decoupling control method for photovoltaic heat pumps based on expected values is proposed, which aims to achieve the optimal operation of the photovoltaic heat pump system and photovoltaic heat pump system. This method predicts the output energy of photovoltaic photovoltaic system and realizes multilayer decoupling control based on the load demand of the heat pump system. In order to adapt to the change in environment, the adaptive fuzzy PID compound control method is adopted to optimize the control strategy. Experimental results show that this method can effectively improve the system efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and demonstrate good adaptability and stability.
Assessement of the physico-chemical quality of Groundwater in the Zagora area, Morocco
Authors: Abdelmonaim Maliki , Moustaine Radouane El , Abdelkader Chahlaoui , Mourad Darbali , Abderrazzaq Boudellah , Mhamed Khaffou , Youssef Ouballouk , Aziz Taouraout 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Zagora region heavily relies on groundwater as a crucial water resource for a range of human activities. Mining activities can have significant impacts on groundwater quality in the areas surrounding mining sites. The primary objective of this study is to analyze and evaluate the effects of pollution on the quality of groundwater in the Zagora area, with a particular focus on mapping and identifying its sources. It is based on the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the spatial variation of the physico-chemical parameters of the studied water sources. Assessing the physico-chemical quality of groundwater in Zagora, involves evaluating several parameters that can affect its quality. These parameters include temperature (T°C), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (O2), chlorides (Cl−), sulfates (SO4
2−), nitrates (NO3
−), nitrites (NO2
−), ammonium (NH4
+), and orthophosphates (PO4
3−). The results of the physico-chemical analysis have shown that, the electrical conductivity ranged from 501.59 to 3173.92 μs/cm, while sulfate concentrations ranged from 91.87 to 363.02 mg/L. The spatial distribution of the results indicates that the water samples were collected from different locations, and there are variations in the levels of parameters analyzed. Some of the parameters, such as electrical conductivity, and sulfate, have higher levels in some locations compared to others, indicating potential sources of pollution or natural variability in the water composition. The GIS analysis also revealed that the areas with poor water quality were clustered around specific locations, indicating potential sources of contamination. Therefore, further investigation and monitoring of the water sources may be necessary to ensure safe and healthy water consumption.
Spatio-temporal variability of precipitation from 1980 to 2021 within the Oum Er Rbia hydraulic basin (Morocco)
Authors: Hamid Meriem , Nafia Khouldia , Aguerd Jalal , Ghachi Mohamed El 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The aim of this work is to assess the spatio-temporal variability of the mean annual rainfall during the last four decades within the Oum Er Rbia hydraulic basin. The used database in this study consists with a series of rainfall data at different time scale. These data were subjected to statistical and cartographic analysis. The obtained results show that, during the period of 1980-2021, interannual variability marked the evolution of annual rainfall averages. Furthermore, this variability is characterized by alternating sequences of dry and wet seasons. From the hydrological year of 2015, a general decreasing trend of rainfall has clearly marked and observed. Rainfall patterns in the Oum Er Rbia basin are also characterized by spatial variability. Interannual averages vary considerably from one catchment to another. The upstream part of the basin receives the most amount of rainfall. By contrast, the middle of the basin is the driest. The recent drop in precipitation has had a negative impact on the basin’s territory, most notably on water resources and agriculture.
Fratricide and Redemption
Authors: Jones Corredera Edward 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter studies the question of state succession and war debts in relation to the construction and dissolution of Gran Colombia. From the moment of its foundation, this new composite nation was faced with the threat of bankruptcy. Debates on debt shaped Gran Colombia’s constitutional approaches to the relationship between international law, slavery, colonial debts, and the protection of private property. The chapter then sheds light on how debts were distributed as Gran Colombia splintered into three different states: New Granada, Venezuela, and Ecuador. Mid-century officials turned to international law to facilitate a resolution of this discussion. By the end of the century, Colombia’s experience with confederalism and the law of nations contributed to broader regional debates about Pan-American public law.
Sacred Debt and Just War
Authors: Jones Corredera Edward 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter sheds light on the connections between early and mid-nineteenth-century debates on debts and the development of ideas of intervention and international law in early twentieth-century Latin America. Alberdi argued that his constitutional system for Argentina could be scaled up to a system of international relations for Latin America. Alberdi’s views on statehood and political economy, and Calvo’s views on international law, influenced one of the most prominent Latin American legal thinkers, Luis María Drago, and his reflections on interventionism. Drago sought to resolve the incongruities and tensions in the legal thought of the two men. The underlying question that nineteenth-century Latin American officials turned to international law to answer was whether, in light of the geopolitical realities of their age, a moral economy could be found in, or beyond, international law.
How ‘nudge’ happened: the political economy of nudging in the UK
Authors: Mills Stuart , Whittle Richard 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The UK Behavioural Insights Team transformed nudging and behavioural economics from nascent ideas to key policy tools for the UK Coalition Government. This article argues that political economic circumstances significantly contributed to the success of this ‘nudge’ programme. The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) created a ‘contest of authority’ over dominant policy approaches. By framing the crisis as a crisis of rationality, behavioural perspectives gained political support. The GFC also saw that the UK Government (from 2010) adopt a programme of fiscal austerity. Nudging complemented this programme by suggesting effective policy could be made cheaply. Using various accounts of nudging in the UK from those involved in its development, we demonstrate the role of the country’s political economy in the behavioural turn. We conclude by reflecting on the role of behavioural insights today, given a political–economic landscape much changed since 2010.
The power of sample size calculations
Authors: Jansen Marieke S , Groenwold Rolf H H , Dekkers Olaf M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Researchers frequently come across sample size calculations in the scientific literature they read, in projects undertaken by their peers, and likely within their own work. However, despite its ubiquity, calculating a sample size is often perceived as a hurdle and not fully understood. This paper provides a brief overview of sample size estimation to guide readers, researchers, and reviewers through its fundamentals.
Economic geography’s contribution to understanding the circular economy
Authors: Bourdin Sébastien , Torre André 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article explores the role of evolutionary economic geography in enhancing understanding and implementation of the circular economy (CE). By incorporating spatial and territorial dimensions into CE research, this study emphasizes the significant influence of geographical factors on achieving economic and environmental objectives. The research highlights the importance of localizing CE practices and emphasizes the contributions of proximity theory and territorial governance in promoting collaborative networks that are crucial for CE success. Furthermore, the article introduces the concept of Territorial Circular Ecosystems, which provides a framework for analyzing regional variations and the interplay between local actors, resources, and institutional support in the deployment of the CE. The findings offer fresh insights for policymakers and researchers, advocating for place-based policies to address CE challenges and optimize sustainability strategies.
The Law of Security and Title Based Financing 4e
Authors: Gullifer Louise , Bridge Michael , Lomnicka Eva 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Personal property security is an important subject in commercial practice as it is the key to much of the law of banking and sale. This book examines traditional methods of securing debts (such as mortgages, charges and pledges) on property other than land, describing how these are created, how they must be registered (or otherwise 'perfected') if they are to be valid, the rights and duties of the parties and how the security is enforced if the debt is not paid. This fourth edition has been updated to incorporate recent political and legal developments, including Brexit. The ‘Edinburgh Reforms’, which have followed the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union, promise a thorough overhaul of the consumer credit regime. This edition further assesses the implications of the Business Contract Terms (Assignment of Receivables) Regulations 2018, the outlawing of 'ipso facto' clauses by the Corporate Insolvency and Governance Act 2020, and the reduced scope of the EU Insolvency Regulation. The treatment of insolvency matters within the framework of the Cape Town Convention is also considered. Covering both traditional security over personal property and also devices that fulfil a similar economic function, such as retention of title and sales of receivables, the book is an indispensable reference work both for practitioners and academics.
Financial Collateral
Authors: Bridge Michael , Gullifer Louise , Lomnicka Eva 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on financial collateral as defined in the Financial Collateral Arrangements (No 2) Regulations (FCARs). It examines the purposes of the FCARs (and the EU Financial Collateral Directive which the FCARs implement) and the legal effects if they apply to a title transfer collateral arrangement or a security collateral arrangement. What counts as ‘financial collateral’ is discussed, including the extent to which digital assets fall within the definition. The criterion of ‘evidenced in writing’ for both these types of arrangements is discussed, and there is extensive critical discussion of the requirement of ‘possession or control’ for a security financial collateral arrangement, including examination of what steps need to be taken in relation to security interests over different types of financial collateral for the collateral taker to have ‘possession or control’ of that collateral.
Possessory Security
Authors: Bridge Michael , Gullifer Louise , Lomnicka Eva 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers possessory security interests, namely, the pledge and the lien. It examines the nature of the pledge and the interests of pledgor and pledgee, and the rights and duties of each party. Different methods of creation of a pledge, including by attornment, and by the transfer of a document of title, are examined, as is when a pledge terminates, including the effect of delivery of pledged goods to the pledgor under a trust receipt. The use of pledges of document of title (including electronic documents) in the financing of international trade is discussed, including the difficult issue of whether there can be a pledge of a bill of lading when the carrier no longer has possession of the goods. There is detailed discussion of pledges of goods in bulk. The chapter also considers possessory liens arising by operation of law and/or by contract. It considers the nature of a lien, the difference between a general and a particular lien, the situations in which a possessory lien arises and when it does not, and the effect of contract on the existence or the effect of a lien. The rights of a lienholder, and the termination of a lien are also discussed. The differences between a pledge and a lien, and the characterization of an interest as one or the other, are analysed. There is also a very brief discussion of statutory liens.
Rights Not Including the Transfer or Retention of Title
Authors: Bridge Michael , Gullifer Louise , Lomnicka Eva 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter deals with a variety of devices that, though not security, provide at least some of the economic advantages of security. It deals with set-off in its various forms ((legal, equitable, insolvency, contractual), as well as with netting, common law abatement, and the banker’s right to combine accounts. It also treats negative pledge and flawed asset clauses, alongside subordination agreements, taking account of the pari passu rule of insolvency distribution and the prohibition on divesting a debtor of assets upon its insolvency (anti-deprivation). The Quistclose trust is examined to the extent that it provides quasi-security, as well as the character of the maritime lien over sub-freights.
Registration and Other Perfection Requirements
Authors: Bridge Michael , Gullifer Louise , Lomnicka Eva 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides a general account of the requirement that a secured creditor register its mortgages and charges if they are to be opposable to third parties, such as liquidators and administrators. It notes that quasi-security and possessory security, as well as charges over financial collateral, need not be registered. The word ‘perfection’ comes into play to show that registration does not create, but rather preserves, a priority entitlement. Registration under the Companies Act, for example, is not the starting point for determining issues of priority. The chapter also notes that private registration systems exist but that no sanction exists for not using them.