bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Watsonella crosbyifrom the lower Cambrian (Terreneuvian, Stage 2) Normanville Group in South Australia
Authors: JACQUET SARAH M. , BROUGHAM THOMAS , SKOVSTED CHRISTIAN B. , JAGO JAMES B. , LAURIE JOHN R. , BETTS MARISSA J. , TOPPER TIMOTHY P. , BROCK GLENN A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCorrelation of lower Cambrian strata is often confounded by provincialism of key fauna. The widespread occurrence of the micromolluscWatsonella crosbyiGrabau, 1900 is therefore an important biostratigraphic signpost with potential for international correlation of lower Cambrian successions. Previous correlations ofW. crosbyifrom Australia (Normanville Group) suggested an Atdabanian- to Botoman-equivalent age. However, in the upper part of the Mount Terrible Formation, stratigraphic ranges ofW. crosbyiandAldanellasp. cf.golubevioverlap prior to the incoming of vertically burrowed ‘piperock’, which is indicative of an age no earlier than Cambrian Stage 2. The stratigraphic range ofW. crosbyiin the Normanville Group, South Australia correlates with the ranges of the taxon in China, France, Mongolia and Siberia (though not Newfoundland). The new Australian data add further support for considering the first occurrence ofW. crosbyia good potential candidate for defining the base of Cambrian Stage 2. The stratigraphic range ofW. crosbyithrough the lower Cambrian Normanville Group has been determined based on collections from measured sections. Although rare,W. crosbyiis part of an assemblage of micromolluscs includingBemellasp.,Parailsanellasp. cf.murenicaand a sinistral form ofAldanella(A.sp. cf.A. golubevi). Other fauna present includeAustralohalkieriasp.,Eremactis mawsoni, chancelloriids andCupithecasp.
State Civil Disobedience and international society
Authors: Hjorth Ronnie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article examines the concept of State Civil Disobedience (SCD) in the context of international society. It is argued that SCD is problematic for several reasons. First, that SCD is extremely difficult to practice in an association such as international society, relying, as it does, a great deal on the policies and powers of a few dominating actors; second, that the unequal status of states makes SCD mainly an instrument of the strong, hence undermining not only the idea of civil disobedience as the strategy of the weak but also questioning the role of SCD within an international society based on the formal equality of states. It is concluded that the practice of SCD in international society requires an invigoration of international society as a moral association. A more practical alternative, it is argued, is to conceive of a limited concept of SCD confined largely to non-violent means and preferably practiced in order to resist legal anomalies.
NEOADJUVANT TRANSCATHETER ARTERIAL CHEMOEMBOLIZATION FOR BILIARY TUMOR THROMBOSIS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Shen Yangyang , Li Pang , Cui Kai , Wang Zhendan , Yu Fachang , Tian He , Li Sheng 
Published: October 2016

Objectives: Curative hepatectomy and tumor thrombectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma with complicating biliary tumor thrombosis (HCC/BTT) is associated with high surgical morbidity and mortality. This retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of neoadjuvant transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) in HCC/BTT patients scheduled for curative resection.Methods: Thirty consecutive patients with diagnosed HCC/BTT were hospitalized for neoadjuvant TACE and elective curative liver resection (group A; n=20) or curative liver resection alone (group B; n=10). The primary outcome measure was median survival.Results: Group A had a significantly shorter overall operative time (160±25 versus 190±35 min; p < .01) and duration of inflow control (14.3±3.6 versus 25.1±5.1 min; p < .01) and significantly less intraoperative blood loss (150±35 versus 520±75 ml; p < .01) and transfusion (100±40 versus 375±55 ml; p < .01) as compared to group B. Among patients undergoing both thrombectomy and curative resection, the median survival of group A was significantly longer than that of group B (28.5 [9–54] versus 21.5 [6–39] months; p < .01); among those who received thrombectomy alone, the median survival of group A was also significantly longer than that of group B (12.8 [6–25] versus 4.5 [2–7] months; p < .01).Conclusions: Neoadjuvant TACE significantly reduced the surgical risk of curative liver resection and significantly prolonged median survival in HCC patients with complicating BTT.
Still not adult-like: lexical stress contrastivity in word productions of eight- to eleven-year-olds
Authors: ARCIULI JOANNE , BALLARD KIRRIE J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLexical stress is the contrast between strong and weak syllables within words. Ballardet al.(2012) examined the amount of stress contrastivity across adjacent syllables in word productions of typically developing three- to seven-year-olds and adults. Here, eight- to eleven-year-olds are compared with the adults from Ballardet al.using acoustic measurements of relative contrast in duration, peak intensity, and peak fundamental frequency of the vowels within the initial two syllables of each word. While eight- to eleven-year-olds are closer to adult-like stress contrastivity than three- to seven-year-olds, they are not yet adult-like in terms of the intensity contrast for words beginning with a weak syllable.
Delivering 21st century Antarctic and Southern Ocean science
Authors: Kennicutt M.C. , Kim Y.D. , Rogan-Finnemore M. , Anandakrishnan S. , Chown S.L. , Colwell S. , Cowan D. , Escutia C. , Frenot Y. , Hall J. , Liggett D. , Mcdonald A.J. , Nixdorf U. , Siegert M.J. , Storey J. , Wåhlin A. , Weatherwax A. , Wilson G.S. , Wilson T. , Wooding R. , Ackley S. , Biebow N. , Blankenship D. , Bo S. , Baeseman J. , Cárdenas C.A. , Cassano J. , Danhong C. , Dañobeitia J. , Francis J. , Guldahl J. , Hashida G. , Corbalán L. Jiménez , Klepikov A. , Lee J. , Leppe M. , Lijun F. , López-Martinez J. , Memolli M. , Motoyoshi Y. , Bueno R. Mousalle , Negrete J. , Cárdenes M.A. Ojeda , Silva M. Proaño , Ramos-Garcia S. , Sala H. , Shin H. , Shijie X. , Shiraishi K. , Stockings T. , Trotter S. , Vaughan D.G. , De Menezes J. Viera Da Unha , Vlasich V. , Weijia Q. , Winther J.-G. , Miller H. , Rintoul S. , Yang H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Antarctic Roadmap Challenges (ARC) project identified critical requirements to deliver high priority Antarctic research in the 21st century. The ARC project addressed the challenges of enabling technologies, facilitating access, providing logistics and infrastructure, and capitalizing on international co-operation. Technological requirements include: i) innovative automated in situ observing systems, sensors and interoperable platforms (including power demands), ii) realistic and holistic numerical models, iii) enhanced remote sensing and sensors, iv) expanded sample collection and retrieval technologies, and v) greater cyber-infrastructure to process ‘big data’ collection, transmission and analyses while promoting data accessibility. These technologies must be widely available, performance and reliability must be improved and technologies used elsewhere must be applied to the Antarctic. Considerable Antarctic research is field-based, making access to vital geographical targets essential. Future research will require continent- and ocean-wide environmentally responsible access to coastal and interior Antarctica and the Southern Ocean. Year-round access is indispensable. The cost of future Antarctic science is great but there are opportunities for all to participate commensurate with national resources, expertise and interests. The scope of future Antarctic research will necessitate enhanced and inventive interdisciplinary and international collaborations. The full promise of Antarctic science will only be realized if nations act together.
Non-fluoroscopic cardiac ablation of neonates with CHD
Authors: Bigelow Amee M. , Arnold Brandon S. , Padrutt Gregory C. , Clark John M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn current practice, children with anatomically normal hearts routinely undergo fluoroscopy-free ablations. Infants and children with congenital heart disease (CHD) represent the most difficult population to perform catheter ablation without fluoroscopy. We report two neonatal patients with CHD in whom cardiac ablations were performed without fluoroscopy. The first infant had pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum with refractory supraventricular tachycardia, and the second infant presented with Ebstein’s anomaly of the tricuspid valve along with persistent supraventricular tachycardia. Both patients underwent uncomplicated, successful ablation without recurrence of arrhythmias. These cases suggest that current approaches to minimising fluoroscopy may be useful even in challenging patients such as neonates with CHD.
Sentiment analysis in Turkish at different granularity levels
Authors: DEHKHARGHANI RAHIM , YANIKOGLU BERRIN , SAYGIN YUCEL , OFLAZER KEMAL 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSentiment analysis has attracted a lot of research interest in recent years, especially in the context of social media. While most of this research has focused on English, there is ample data and interest in the topic for many other languages, as well. In this article, we propose a comprehensive sentiment analysis system for Turkish. We cover different levels of sentiment analysis such as aspect, sentence, and document levels as well as some linguistic issues such as conjunction and intensification in Turkish sentiment analysis. Our system is evaluated on Turkish movie reviews and the obtained accuracies range from sixty per cent to seventy-nine per cent in ternary and binary classification tasks at different levels of analysis.
Sexuelle Funktionsstörungen bei Substitution mit Methadon und Levomethadon
Authors: Gutwinski Stefan , Häbel Timm H. , Bermpohl Felix , Riemer Thomas G. , Schoofs Nikola 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Sexuelle Funktionsstörungen sind bei der Substitutionsbehandlung der chronischen Opioidabhängigkeit häufig. Neben Methadon ist Levomethadon derzeit die in Deutschland am häufigsten eingesetzte Substanz zur Substitution. Bisher gibt es unserer Kenntnis nach keine Studie, die sexuelle Funktionsstörungen bei Methadon im Vergleich zu Levomethadon untersucht hat. Zielsetzung: Erfragung von sexuellen Funktionsstörungen. Material und Methoden: Wir führten eine Befragung von männlichen opioidabhängigen Patienten unter Substitutionsbehandlung mit Methadon oder Levomethadon in Berlin durch. Sexuelle Funktionsstörungen wurden mit dem International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) sowie in der Selbsteinschätzung erhoben. Ergebnisse: Es nahmen 66 Patienten an der Erhebung teil. 30 (45.5 %) erhielten Methadon, 36 (54.5 %) Levomethadon. Erektile Dysfunktion trat signifikant häufiger unter Methadon auf (p = .029). Bezüglich der Selbsteinschätzung sexueller Funktionsstörungen wiesen die Patienten, die über solche berichteten (N = 40, 71.4 %), eine signifikant höhere Dosierung der substituierten Substanz auf (p = .014; Dosierung 125 mg ± 45.3 mg vs. 93.3 mg ± 24.7 mg). Schlussfolgerung: Unsere Studie weist auf eine Überlegenheit von Levomethadon bzgl. der durch die Patienten selbst berichteten erektilen Funktion hin. Bei Auftreten von sexuellen Funktionsstörungen könnten ein Substanzwechsel oder eine Dosisreduktion hilfreich sein.
The role of maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma
Authors: Lipe B , Vukas R , Mikhael J 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMultiple myeloma is the second most common type of blood cancer and remains incurable despite advances in therapy. Current therapy for multiple myeloma includes a phased-approach, often consisting of initial induction therapy, consolidation and maintenance therapy. With an ever-growing landscape of treatment options, the approach to optimal therapy has become increasingly complex. Specifically, controversy surrounds the optimal use and duration of maintenance therapy. We conducted a comprehensive literature search to analyze the most current literature and to provide recommendations for maintenance therapy in multiple myeloma.
High-dimensional entanglement between distant atomic-ensemble memories
Authors: Ding Dong-Sheng , Zhang Wei , Shi Shuai , Zhou Zhi-Yuan , Li Yan , Shi Bao-Sen , Guo Guang-Can 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEntangled quantum states in high-dimensional space show many advantages compared with entangled states in two-dimensional space. The former enable quantum communication with higher channel capacity, enable more efficient quantum-information processing and are more feasible for closing the detection loophole in Bell test experiments. Establishing high-dimensional entangled memories is essential for long-distance communication, but its experimental realization is lacking. We experimentally established high-dimensional entanglement in orbital angular momentum space between two atomic ensembles separated by 1 m. We reconstructed the density matrix for a three-dimensional entanglement and obtained an entanglement fidelity of (83.9±2.9)%. More importantly, we confirmed the successful preparation of a state entangled in more than three-dimensional space (up to seven-dimensional) using entanglement witnesses. Achieving high-dimensional entanglement represents a significant step toward a high-capacity quantum network.
Molecular characterization of Thy1 expressing fear-inhibiting neurons within the basolateral amygdala
Authors: McCullough Kenneth M. , Choi Dennis , Guo Jidong , Zimmerman Kelsey , Walton Jordan , Rainnie Donald G. , Ressler Kerry J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMolecular characterization of neuron populations, particularly those controlling threat responses, is essential for understanding the cellular basis of behaviour and identifying pharmacological agents acting selectively on fear-controlling circuitry. Here we demonstrate a comprehensive workflow for identification of pharmacologically tractable markers of behaviourally characterized cell populations. Thy1-eNpHR-, Thy1-Cre- and Thy1-eYFP-labelled neurons of the BLA consistently act as fear inhibiting or ‘Fear-Off’ neurons during behaviour. We use cell-type-specific optogenetics and chemogenetics (DREADDs) to modulate activity in this population during behaviour to block or enhance fear extinction. Dissociated Thy1-eYFP neurons are isolated using FACS. RNA sequencing identifies genes strongly upregulated in RNA of this population, including Ntsr2, Dkk3, Rspo2 and Wnt7a. Pharmacological manipulation of neurotensin receptor 2 confirms behavioural effects observed in optogenetic and chemogenetic experiments. These experiments identify and validate Ntsr2-expressing neurons within the BLA, as a putative ‘Fear-Off’ population.
Accelerated oral nanomedicine discovery from miniaturized screening to clinical production exemplified by paediatric HIV nanotherapies
Authors: Giardiello Marco , Liptrott Neill J. , McDonald Tom O. , Moss Darren , Siccardi Marco , Martin Phil , Smith Darren , Gurjar Rohan , Rannard Steve P. , Owen Andrew 
Published: October 2016

AbstractConsiderable scope exists to vary the physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles, with subsequent impact on biological interactions; however, no accelerated process to access large nanoparticle material space is currently available, hampering the development of new nanomedicines. In particular, no clinically available nanotherapies exist for HIV populations and conventional paediatric HIV medicines are poorly available; one current paediatric formulation utilizes high ethanol concentrations to solubilize lopinavir, a poorly soluble antiretroviral. Here we apply accelerated nanomedicine discovery to generate a potential aqueous paediatric HIV nanotherapy, with clinical translation and regulatory approval for human evaluation. Our rapid small-scale screening approach yields large libraries of solid drug nanoparticles (160 individual components) targeting oral dose. Screening uses 1 mg of drug compound per library member and iterative pharmacological and chemical evaluation establishes potential candidates for progression through to clinical manufacture. The wide applicability of our strategy has implications for multiple therapy development programmes.
Re-entrant DNA gels
Authors: Bomboi Francesca , Romano Flavio , Leo Manuela , Fernandez-Castanon Javier , Cerbino Roberto , Bellini Tommaso , Bordi Federico , Filetici Patrizia , Sciortino Francesco 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDNA is acquiring a primary role in material development, self-assembling by design into complex supramolecular aggregates, the building block of a new-materials world. Using DNA nanoconstructs to translate sophisticated theoretical intuitions into experimental realizations by closely matching idealized models of colloidal particles is a much less explored avenue. Here we experimentally show that an appropriate selection of competing interactions enciphered in multiple DNA sequences results into the successful design of a one-pot DNA hydrogel that melts both on heating and on cooling. The relaxation time, measured by light scattering, slows down dramatically in a limited window of temperatures. The phase diagram displays a peculiar re-entrant shape, the hallmark of the competition between different bonding patterns. Our study shows that it is possible to rationally design biocompatible bulk materials with unconventional phase diagrams and tuneable properties by encoding into DNA sequences both the particle shape and the physics of the collective response.
Photothermal therapy with immune-adjuvant nanoparticles together with checkpoint blockade for effective cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Chen Qian , Xu Ligeng , Liang Chao , Wang Chao , Peng Rui , Liu Zhuang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA therapeutic strategy that can eliminate primary tumours, inhibit metastases, and prevent tumour relapses is developed herein by combining adjuvant nanoparticle-based photothermal therapy with checkpoint-blockade immunotherapy. Indocyanine green (ICG), a photothermal agent, and imiquimod (R837), a Toll-like-receptor-7 agonist, are co-encapsulated by poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA). The formed PLGA-ICG-R837 nanoparticles composed purely by three clinically approved components can be used for near-infrared laser-triggered photothermal ablation of primary tumours, generating tumour-associated antigens, which in the presence of R837-containing nanoparticles as the adjuvant can show vaccine-like functions. In combination with the checkpoint-blockade using anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4), the generated immunological responses will be able to attack remaining tumour cells in mice, useful in metastasis inhibition, and may potentially be applicable for various types of tumour models. Furthermore, such strategy offers a strong immunological memory effect, which can provide protection against tumour rechallenging post elimination of their initial tumours.
A biomimetic redox flow battery based on flavin mononucleotide
Authors: Orita Akihiro , Verde Michael G. , Sakai Masanori , Meng Ying Shirley 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe versatility in design of redox flow batteries makes them apt to efficiently store energy in large-scale applications at low cost. The discovery of inexpensive organic electroactive materials for use in aqueous flow battery electrolytes is highly attractive, but is thus far limited. Here we report on a flow battery using an aqueous electrolyte based on the sodium salt of flavin mononucleotide. Flavins are highly versatile electroactive molecules, which catalyse a multitude of redox reactions in biological systems. We use nicotinamide (vitamin B3) as a hydrotropic agent to enhance the water solubility of flavin mononucleotide. A redox flow battery using flavin mononucleotide negative and ferrocyanide positive electrolytes in strong base shows stable cycling performance, with over 99% capacity retention over the course of 100 cycles. We hypothesize that this is enabled due to the oxidized and reduced forms of FMN-Na being stabilized by resonance structures.
Impact of migration on the multi-strategy selection in finite group-structured populations
Authors: Zhang Yanling , Liu Aizhi , Sun Changyin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFor large quantities of spatial models, the multi-strategy selection under weak selection is the sum of two competition terms: the pairwise competition and the competition of multiple strategies with equal frequency. Two parameters σ1 and σ2 quantify the dependence of the multi-strategy selection on these two terms, respectively. Unlike previous studies, we here do not require large populations for calculating σ1 and σ2, and perform the first quantitative analysis of the effect of migration on them in group-structured populations of any finite sizes. The Moran and the Wright-Fisher process have the following common findings. Compared with well-mixed populations, migration causes σ1 to change with the mutation probability from a decreasing curve to an inverted U-shaped curve and maintains the increase of σ2. Migration (probability and range) leads to a significant change of σ1 but a negligible one of σ2. The way that migration changes σ1 is qualitatively similar to its influence on the single parameter characterizing the two-strategy selection. The Moran process is more effective in increasing σ1 for most migration probabilities and the Wright-Fisher process is always more effective in increasing σ2. Finally, our findings are used to study the evolution of cooperation under direct reciprocity.
Embryonic/fetal mortality and intrauterine growth restriction is not exclusive to the CBA/J sub-strain in the CBA × DBA model
Authors: McKelvey Kelly J. , Yenson Vanessa M. , Ashton Anthony W. , Morris Jonathan M. , McCracken Sharon A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInbred strains of mice are powerful models for understanding human pregnancy complications. For example, the exclusive mating of CBA/J females to DBA/2J males increases fetal resorption to 20–35% with an associated decline in placentation and maintenance of maternal Th1 immunity. More recently other complications of pregnancy, IUGR and preeclampsia, have been reported in this model. The aim of this study was to qualify whether the CBA/CaH substrain female can substitute for CBA/J to evoke a phenotype of embryonic/fetal mortality and IUGR. (CBA/CaH × DBA/2J) F1 had significantly higher embryonic/fetal mortality mortality (p = 0.0063), smaller fetuses (p < 0.0001), and greater prevalence of IUGR (<10th percentile; 47% vs 10%) than (CBA/CaH × Balb/c) F1. Placentae from IUGR fetuses from all mating groups were significantly smaller (p < 0.0001) with evidence of thrombosis and fibrosis when compared to normal-weight fetuses ( > 10th percentile). In addition, placentae of “normal-weight” (CBA/CaH × DBA/2J) F1 were significantly smaller (p < 0.0006) with a greater proportion of labyrinth (p = 0.0128) and an 11-fold increase in F4/80 + macrophage infiltration (p < 0.0001) when compared to placentae of (CBA/CaH × Balb/c) F1. In conclusion, the embryonic/fetal mortality and IUGR phenotype is not exclusive to CBA/J female mouse, and CBA/CaH females can be substituted to provide a model for the assessment of novel therapeutics.