bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secondary Versus Primary Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the Darlington Atrial Fibrillation Registry
Authors: Mazurek Michał , Shantsila Eduard , Lane Deirdre A. , Wolff Andreas , Proietti Marco , Lip Gregory Y.H. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Purpose—
Although patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who experienced an acute stroke are at high risk for recurrence, many patients are untreated or treated suboptimally for stroke prevention. The objective of this study is to compare clinical outcomes of AF patients with versus without previous stroke in relation to guideline-adherent antithrombotic treatment in a contemporary primary care population.

Methods—
Community cohort of 105 000 patients from 11 general practices in Darlington, England, was used to assess AF stroke prevention strategies against 2014 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines.

Results—

Overall, 2259 (2.15%) patients with AF were identified, of which 18.9% constituted a secondary prevention cohort. For secondary prevention, antithrombotic treatment was guideline adherent in 56.3%, 18.9% were overtreated, and 24.8% undertreated; corresponding proportions for primary prevention were 49.5%, 11.7%, and 38.8%, respectively. One-year stroke rates were 8.6% and 1.6% for secondary and primary prevention, respectively (
P
<0.001); corresponding all-cause mortality rates were 9.8% and 9.4%, respectively (
P
=0.79). On multivariable analysis, lack of antithrombotic treatment guideline adherence was associated with increased stroke risk for primary prevention (odds ratio, 2.95; 95% confidence interval, 1.26–6.90;
P
=0.013 for undertreatment); for secondary prevention, lack of guideline adherence was associated with increased risk of recurrent stroke (odds ratio, 2.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–6.27;
P
=0.012 for overtreatment) and all-cause death (odds ratio, 2.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.33–5.69;
P
=0.006 for undertreatment).

Conclusions—
Only approximately half of eligible patients with AF are prescribed oral anticoagulation in line with guidelines. Guideline-adherent antithrombotic treatment significantly reduces the risk of stroke among primary prevention patients and both risk of recurrent stroke and death in patients with previous stroke.
IL DELITTO INSCENATO: LANDOLFI RACCONTA GABORIAU
Authors: Horn Vera 
Published: July 2017

Il racconto landolfiano rivolge spesso lo sguardo su sé stesso, in un percorso che non solo vede il processo di composizione rappresentato, ma anche scomposto, disfatto, contestato, demistificato. Spesso questo sguardo beffardo e impietoso rivolto alla propria creazione esce dal dominio della pagina landolfiana per andare a ripensare tutta una tradizione narrativa ancorata su stilemi e principi che lo scrittore cerca di decostruire. Il racconto quindi passa a rappresentare lo spazio del narrato, che spesso si alimenta delle sue proprie perplessità e angosce. Landolfi raffigura nella sua pagina la condizione insufficiente della letteratura, in una specie di gioco che mette a nudo le limitazioni e in certi casi anche il fallimento della scrittura. Nel racconto A rotoli, della raccolta Racconti Impossibili (1966), Landolfi ricrea il racconto giallo con una trama molto semplice in cui lo schema del poliziesco classico, che ha radici in Edgar Allan Poe e Emile Gaboriau, viene a meno per l'impre-vedibilità di un dettaglio motivato da un angosciante dubbio che muove il protagonista. Il giallo di Landolfi rompe con gli stilemi del genere nell'affidare al caso, all'incertezza e all' errore le sorti di un racconto tradizionalmente basato sulla logica, la certezza e la verità, dissacrando cosi un modello esemplare e affermando con ciò l'impossibilità del racconto stesso.
Word Scales for Degrees of Opinion
Authors: Dodd Stuart Carter , Gerbrick Thomas R. 
Published: July 2017

This paper describes experiments relating to the choice of words and phrases for use in questionnaires and public opinion polls. It is concerned particularly with expressions of degree or intensity of belief or opinion, and of temporal frequency. Sets of phrases were presented to groups of subjects in random order, in serial order, and in context and the subjects were asked to place each item on a nine-point scale. From the results, the mean scale position and the ambiguity of each item were calculated; these data were combined with an index of the length of each item (in words per syllable) and the frequency of its occurrence in the language generally to provide criteria for the choice of suitable word-scales. A number of recommended sets of phrases are given, together with their appropriate scale ratings, positions and ranges.
A Serial Position Effect in the Preparation of Abstracts
Authors: Warr Peter B. 
Published: July 2017

Two experiments are reported which were designed to increase understanding of the process of abstracting from complex verbal passages. The experiments test three hypotheses : that a primacy effect will be observed (H1), that this effect will be more pronounced in the case of subjects who have little interest in the passage to be summarized (H2), and that interest in the passage will be positively related to the amount of material abstracted (H3). The experiments are of the same design. This requires that two versions of a passage be used, and that the order in which the halves of the passage are presented be varied. Results of the two experiments are consistent with the validity of H1, but do not support H2 or H3. The need to compare abstraction behaviour with recall performance is emphasized.
Spectral Form and Duration as Cues in the Recognition of English and German Vowels
Authors: Bennett David C. 
Published: July 2017

Pairs of short and long vowels, such as English / / and /3: / as in shut vs. shirt, differ from each other in both spectral form and duration. Experiments were carried out on two such pairs of English vowels and two pairs of German vowels, using synthetic speech, in order to assess the relative importance of the two cues in the discrimination of the vowels. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the importance of the duration cue is inversely proportional to the distance between the qualities of a given pair of vowels. The results showed in addition that spectral form is in general more important than duration in vowel recognition in both English and German, since it is only when two vowels are very close in quality that the duration cue is more important for their discrimination. To examine the possibility that the different linguistic background of speakers of English and German might influence the amount of attention they devote to spectral form and duration, English and German subjects were presented with a test in which they had to discriminate a pair of back, unrounded vowels, [ ] and [ :], that occur neither in English nor in German. For the English subjects the duration cue was slightly more important than the spectral form cue. The Germans, on the other hand, discriminated the vowels largely on the basis of the spectral form cue. These results are in accordance with predictions that might be made from consideration of the phonological systems of the two languages.
National Sanitary Programmes for Cattle with Special Reference to Virus Diseases
Authors: Straub O. C. 
Published: July 2017

The German Federal Republic presently conducts three sanitary programmes: – Prophylactic measures against FMD (Foot and Mouth Disease) and emergency procedures to be taken in the event of an outbreak, – A federal eradication programme against bovine leukosis based on serology. Seropositive cattle are removed from the herd, with the owner's consent. – A voluntary programme designed to reduce the number of BHVI (bovine rhinotracheitis) seropositive herds. This is a federal programme adapted for individual conditions in the various states. The other virus diseases of cattle are, for the moment, unsuitable candidates for national sanitary programmes.
Upsurgence of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gen. in the Cotton Ecosystem in India
Authors: Sundaramurthy V. T. 
Published: July 2017

The whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) is widely distributed over tropical and subtropical regions and is found on over 500 species of plants. An upsurge of this insect species has been noticed in recent years in the cotton system in India resulting in a heavy loss of seed cotton and reduced spinnability of cotton fibres. Onset of drought and related ecological changes, including man's intervention, were the prime causes for the upsurge of whitefly in the cotton system. Prolonged drought suppressed the growth of host plants in the ecosystem, favouring immigration of whitefly from non-agricultural systems to agricultural production areas. Further, an abundance of virus-infected host plant species, the existence of favourable temperatures, shortening of the life cycle, elimination of natural enemies and increased fecundity due to availability of life-supporting chemicals in host plants following frequent application of insecticides enhanced the population upsurge of whitefly in the cotton system in India.
Worldwide Criteria Versus Regional Criteria
Authors: De Menezes Fernando Ramos 
Published: July 2017

Reserve calculation must be performed according to the intended use of this information. It can be considered for the purpose of (1) defining a production strategy or (2) for computing the assets of a company. When production strategy is the major concern, the amounts and classification of hydrocarbon reserves are to be related to the development policy of a company, and a detailed reporting of these reserves must be required. Otherwise, if the goal is to compute the assets for the purpose of comparison or loan security, it becomes necessary to follow a common procedure that will lead to universal comprehension and confidence. This standardized process may be insufficient to meet the needs of a development program from a technical standpoint. Concluding, in spite of a company feeling the necessity of subdividing its reserves into a detailed form to achieve the best planning of production, that same company cannot deny the importance of reporting these into a single and comprehensive classification to meet the requirements of the world. The paper describes the detailed classification used at Petrobrás to estimate the risk involved in the development program of the Brazilian fields, and how this classification can be adjusted to provide a universal appraisal of the reserves.
Market Reactions to the Information Content of Earnings over Alternative Quarters
Authors: Jones Charles P. , Bublitz Bruce 
Published: July 2017

This paper addresses issues left unanswered from prior published research showing that fourth-quarter earnings exhibit higher forecast errors. It offers an explanation for these findings and presents evidence to support this explanation. Unlike prior research, the market's reaction to fourth-quarter earnings as compared to that of the other three quarters is documented using a metric designed to capture both the size and sign of the forecast error. Our analysis indicates that there is a differential market reaction to earnings surprises over alternative quarters. Large negative unexpected earnings in the fourth quarter are associated with a smaller negative adjustment in stock returns as compared to all other quarters. Such an adjustment agrees with the explanation developed here for the higher forecast errors in the fourth quarter. These results do not support previous research that found counter-intuitive results concerning the relationship between earnings surprises and stock market returns for the fourth quarter.
Investigation of Polymer Adsorption on to a Metal Surface by an Optical Method
Authors: Bingkui Wang , Shulin Liu 
Published: July 2017

An optical method, i.e. the technique of attenuated total reflection (ATR), has been used for the investigation of the adsorption of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polystyrene (PS) on to a silver surface. This provides a simple and very sensitive method for following the adsorption process and for effecting measurements in situ and in real time. It can be applied to any type of solution and substrate and also to scattering solutions. The experimental data arising from ATR can be used to calculate the effective thickness d and the complex optical constant ∊ = ∊r + i∊i for the adsorbed polymer film on the Ag surface. By use of the Lorentz–Lorenz relationship, the adsorbance (the amount adsorbed per unit area) was calculated from the effective thickness d and the refractive index of the adsorbed film. The adsorbance of the polymer (PMMA, PS) with different molecular weights and different solvents has been measured against time. The results satisfy the Langmuir equation more closely than hitherto.
Adsorptive and Membrane-Type Separations: A Bibliographical Update (1994)
Authors: Ray Martin S. 
Published: July 2017

This paper provides a bibliography of the 1994 journal literature for adsorptive and membrane-type separations. The references are taken from the 45 most important chemical engineering journals. This paper provides an update to the literature as provide in previous bibliographic papers (Ray 1990a, 1991, 1994, 1995). A bibliography of the chemical engineering journal literature from 1967–88 has been published by the author (Ray 1990b), and can provide access to a wider range of topics. A complete bibliographic listing of the chemical engineering journal literature from 1989 to 1995 (with subsequent six-monthly updates) is available on a CD-ROM database and full details can be obtained from the author. The papers included here have been divided into the following subject groups: theory; design data; adsorbents; PSA and cyclic systems, and applications; liquid-phase adsorption; ion exchange, chromatography, etc.; membranes; and membrane-type separations.
Adsorption/Oxidation of CH3OH on V2O5. A Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Sambeth Jorge , Juan Alfredo , Gambaro Luis , Thomas Horacio 
Published: July 2017

The adsorption/oxidation of CH3OH on V2O5 was studied in previous work by mass spectrometric analysis of the reaction atmosphere, and by measuring the electrical properties (Hall effect) and total pressure of the system. Such data allowed a reaction pathway to be proposed. In the present work, the variations in the surface oxidation number have been calculated via balances in the C and H atoms in the reaction atmosphere and models of the (010) plane of V2O5 and of CH3OH have also been utilized to find energetically favourable sites for the adsorption of CH3OH and its subsequent oxidation to H2CO. For this purpose, the variation in the total energy of the system was computed by Extended Hückel-type calculations (ASED, Atom Superposition and Electron Delocalization). From such experimental results, it was deduced that the H atoms are removed by the network oxygens and that methanol is adsorbed as the methoxy group. Such removal of H atoms has two consequences: high surface hydroxylation and surface reduction [V(5+) → V(4+)]. In support of these suggestions, the theoretical results have confirmed both the removal of H atoms and methoxy group formation, and have also revealed two possible adsorption sites for CH3OH on V2O5: the terminal oxygens (V=O) and the network bridging oxygens (V-O-V).
Capillary Impregnation of Aligned Fibrous Beds: Experiments and Model
Authors: Batch Gibson L. , Chen Yung-Tin , Macoskot Christopher W. 
Published: July 2017

Capillary flow affects the amount of air entrapped between fiber reinforced composites during the impregnation. This paper investigates the permeability of aligned fiber bundles by capillary flow in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Experiments measure capillary flow by the rate of weight gain of fiber-filled tubes having one end in contact with a fluid at atmospheric pressure. The driving force for this flow is capillary pressure only; no external driving pressure is applied during impregnation. Permeabilities obtained under these conditions are slightly lower than those measured under conditions of positive external pressure. The Kozeny constant for longitudinal flow are found to be 1.06, and for transverse flow to be about 8. A simple model is derived to illustrate the role of capillary flow along fiber reinforcements during wetting. While capillary flow is insignificant with high injection rates, it is significant at low injection rates. The model indicates that for a specified fiber volume fraction in the fiber bundle, there exists a unique injection speed in which the bulk fluid flow front matches the capillary flow front inside the bundle. Injection at that speed is usually too slow to be practical, but it would substantially reduce the void content in fiber bundles after impregnation. At high injection rates, the model indicates the possible trapping of air inside fiber tows due to the capillary flow lagging behind the bulk flow.
Development of a Mathematical Model for the Calculation of the Pressure Drop in Extrusion Dies
Authors: Lang U. , Michaeli W. 
Published: July 2017

Analytical approaches for calculating the pressure drop in extrusion dies are limited because they are only applicable in ideal flow channel geometries. In finite element calculations the pressure drop in different flow channels was determined. Parallel the cross section of those geometries was calculated, transformed into the ideal form of a slit or circle and analytical calculations were done. From the results a correction function was derived. This enables realistic pressure drop calculation by applying simple analytical equations.
Flow of Polymer Melts in Planeand Axi-Symmetric Converging Dies
Authors: Lauridsen Carsten L. , Kiaer Erik M. , Haudrum Jan 
Published: July 2017

The extensional flow has considerable influence on the pressure loss in converging flows, which are present in both extrusion and injection moulding. Both plane-and axi-symmetric converging flows have been studied with LDPE, HDPE and PS. The transient extensional viscosities are determined in all cases. The extensional viscous description used is the one proposed by Cogswell [3]. The extensional viscosities in the two different flow fields are compared. The planesymmetric extensional viscosity is found to be larger than the axi-symmetric for the HDPE melt. The two viscosities are comparable for the LDPE and the PS melts. Furthermore, the pressure losses are characterized with the Deborah number in which the characteristic time of the material is shear rate dependent and the characteristic time of the flow is Hencky strain rate dependent.
Sites of lead and nickel accumulation in the placental tissue
Authors: Reichrtová Eva , Dorociak František , Palkovičová Lubica 
Published: July 2017

1 There is a variety of quantitative analytical data regarding the total concentrations of heavy metals in human placentae. However, little is known about sites of metal accumulation in the placental tissue structural zones in relation to the environment. In this study, the lead and the nickel particulate deposits in the placental chorionic plate, the chorionic villous tree and the basal plate, using tissue histochemical reactions for lead and nickel, have been estimated. The degree of metal contamination of placentae was assessed according to an arbitrary scale. Both metals have shown a common mode of accumulation in the placental tissue structural zones. Among the observed contaminated structures in the placental tissue, the syncytiotrophoblast was the most frequent site for lead and nickel particulate deposits. 2 The frequency distribution of both metals within the mentioned placental zones, using four metal contamination degrees, was determined. A heavily contaminated zone was found to be the chorionic villous tree, especially in samples from the industrial region. 3 A comparison between two Slovak regions (an industrial and a rural one) using statistical tests was performed. The frequency of samples without any lead occurrence in the chorionic villous tree was found to be 10% in the industrial region, and 16% in the rural region. Regarding the nickel deposits, the frequency of non-contaminated samples in the industrial region was 2%, whereas in the rural region 6%. A relationship between traffic related pollution and human placenta contamination was found in both investigated regions.
Captopril as an antioxidant in lead-exposed Fischer 344 rats
Authors: Gurer Hande , Neal Rachel , Yang Ping , Oztezcan Serdar , Ercal Nuran 
Published: July 2017

1 Recent studies suggest that lead induces oxidative stress in various tissues. 2 Captopril ([2S]-1-[3-mercapto-2-methylpropionyl]-L-proline), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, is a well-known antihypertensive agent and is also believed to function as an antioxidant. 3 In the present study the antioxidant effect of captopril on lead-induced oxidative stress was studied in Fischer 344 rats. Their liver, brain and kidneys were assayed for glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), malondialdehyde concentrations, and catalase activities. The results from animals treated with captopril were compared to results of control and lead-exposed non-treated groups. 4 The captopril-treated samples showed higher GSH:GSSG ratios in the liver, brain and kidneys, as well as slightly decreased malondialdehyde concentrations. The catalase activity was not significantly affected.
Airway epithelial damage and release of inflammatory mediators in human lung parenchyma after sulfur mustard exposure
Authors: Calvet J H , Gascard J-P , Delamanche S , Brink C 
Published: July 2017

This study was performed to evaluate the morphological effects of sulfur mustard on human lung parenchyma in vitro and to measure the metabolites of arachidonic acid which are released during acute exposure to the alkylating agent. Histological analysis of the tissue following exposure to sulfur mustard for a period of 45 min at 10 mM revealed the presence of paranuclear vacuoles in the epithelium, specifically, in the ciliated cells. The release of metabolites of arachidonic acid were determined in the bath fluids by an enzymo-immunoassay. The basal release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2:1.36±0.33 ng/g tissue) and 6- keto prostaglandin F1α (6-keto PGF1α: 8.83±1.17 ng/g tissue) were not modified during tissue exposure to sulfur mustard (45 min, 0.1 mM). In addition, the basal release of cysteinyl-leukotriene E4 (LTE4: 1.55±0.44 ng/g tissue) was also not altered by challenge of the tissues with sulfur mustard. In contrast, when the human lung parenchyma was stimulated with anti human IgE (anti-IgE) only the basal release of the metabolite of the 5-lipoxygenase pathway was significantly increased (LTE4: 6.84±1.57 ng/g tissue). These data suggest that sulfur mustard may produce morphological alterations in epithelial cells and at the time point studied (45 min exposure), this effect is not associated with a release of arachidonic acid metabolites. However, the increased release of LTE4 by anti-IgE suggests that the target cells for sulfur mustard and anti-IgE in the human lung may be different.
Cooperation between Medical and Social Services
Authors: Westrin Claes-Göran 
Published: July 2017

Three basic questions can be posed regarding the coordination between medical and social services: 1. What will be gained by coordination? 2. What does the concept of coordination imply? 3. How is cooperation in the field (objectives, direction and form) to be organised? This paper deals mainly with the third question, as illustrated by the planning and experiences of the health centre in Skara, a town in the west of Sweden. In this health centre there is a co-localization of the health and medical services and the social services of the municipality. The cooperation is also structured through different types of consultative groups at the political level as well as in the practical work in the field. The paper also discusses some general principles regarding the cooperation between medical and social services and presents results from some screening studies regarding the need for such cooperation.