bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Care Provider Density and Personal Belief Exemptions From Vaccine Requirements in California Kindergartens
Authors: Walker Edward T. , Rea Christopher M. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives. To understand contextual associations between medical care providers—pediatricians, family medical practitioners, and alternative medicine practitioners—and personal belief exemptions (PBEs) from mandated school entry vaccinations. Methods. Data on kindergarten PBEs from the California Department of Public Health were analyzed for 2010, 2011, and 2012, with each school sorted into Primary Care Service Areas (PCSAs). Provider data from federal sources and state records of alternative medicine providers, alongside controls for school factors, were used to estimate panel models. Results. Each 10% increase in the relative proportion of pediatricians in a given PCSA was associated with a statistically significant 11% decrease in PBE prevalence. The same increase in the proportion of family medical practitioners was associated with a 3.5% relative increase. Access to alternative medicine practitioners was also associated with a significantly higher PBE prevalence. Conclusions. Medical provider contexts are associated with PBEs, reflecting a combination of contextual effects and self-selection of families into schools and PCSAs that share their preferences. The geographic distribution of child primary care services may be a key factor in a school’s health risk associated with lack of immunization or underimmunization.
CORONAL DENSITY STRUCTURE AND ITS ROLE IN WAVE DAMPING IN LOOPS
Authors: Cargill P. J. , De Moortel I. , Kiddie G. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
It has long been established that gradients in the Alfvén speed, and in particular the plasma density, are an essential part of the damping of waves in the magnetically closed solar corona by mechanisms such as resonant absorption and phase mixing. While models of wave damping often assume a fixed density gradient, in this paper the self-consistency of such calculations is assessed by examining the temporal evolution of the coronal density. It is shown conceptually that for some coronal structures, density gradients can evolve in a way that the wave-damping processes are inhibited. For the case of phase mixing we argue that (a) wave heating cannot sustain the assumed density structure and (b) inclusion of feedback of the heating on the density gradient can lead to a highly structured density, although on long timescales. In addition, transport coefficients well in excess of classical are required to maintain the observed coronal density. Hence, the heating of closed coronal structures by global oscillations may face problems arising from the assumption of a fixed density gradient, and the rapid damping of oscillations may have to be accompanied by a separate (non-wave-based) heating mechanism to sustain the required density structuring.
Clinical characteristics of patients with anti-TIF1-γ antibodies
Authors: Masiak Anna , Kulczycka Julia , Czuszyńska Zenobia , Zdrojewski Zbigniew 
Published: May 2016

<b>Objectives</b>: Inflammatory myopathies are a group of idiopathic, heterogeneous systemic diseases affecting predominantly skeletal muscles, though they can also involve the skin and internal organs. The association between cancer and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, particularly dermatomyositis, which is termed cancer-associated myositis (CAM), has been reported in the medical literature. A newly described autoantibody to a 155-kDa nuclear protein, identified as transcription intermediary factor 1-gamma (TIF1-γ), has proven useful for cancer screening in patients with dermatomyositis.<br />
<b>Material and methods:</b> Based on our database of laboratory results, between November 2014 and January 2016, we found 80 patients with a positive autoimmune inflammatory myopathy immunoblot profile.<br />
<b>Results</b>: Eleven of 80 patients revealed the presence of anti-TIF1-γ antibodies: 8 women and 3 men with average age 54.2 years. Dermatomyositis (DM) was diagnosed in 6 cases, polymyositis in 1 case, myositis limited to ocular muscles and rhabdomyolysis in 1 case each, and undifferentiated connective tissue disease in 2 cases. Neoplasm was found in 4 cases. All of those patients had DM. The average time between DM and diagnosis of neoplasm was 7.5 months (from 1 to 18 months).<br />
<b>Conclusions</b>: The association between cancer and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, particularly DM, is well known, and cancer screening should be obligatory in such patients. So far there is no consensus as to the method or frequency with which patients with an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy should be tested to rule out neoplasm. Detection of anti-TIF1-γ antibodies in patients with DM gives the clinicians the very important suggestion of CAM. It seems reasonable that these patients should have more detailed and often repeated differential diagnostics.
Cross-Disciplinary Consultancy to Bridge Public Health Technical Needs and Analytic Developers: Asyndromic Surveillance Use Case
Authors: Faigen Zachary , Deynaka Lana , Ising Amy , Neill Daniel , Conway Mike , Fairchild Geoffrey , Gunn Julia , Swenson David , Painter Ian , Johnson Lauren , Kiley Chris , Streichert Laura , Burkom Howard 
Published: May 2016

Introduction: We document a funded effort to bridge the gap between constrained scientific challenges of public health surveillance and methodologies from academia and industry. Component tasks are the collection of epidemiologists’ use case problems, multidisciplinary consultancies to refine them, and dissemination of problem requirements and shareable datasets. We describe an initial use case and consultancy as a concrete example and challenge to developers. Materials and Methods: Supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Biosurveillance Ecosystem project, the International Society for Disease Surveillance formed an advisory group to select tractable use case problems and convene inter-disciplinary consultancies to translate analytic needs into well-defined problems and to promote development of applicable solution methods. The initial consultancy’s focus was a problem originated by the North Carolina Department of Health and its NC DETECT surveillance system: Derive a method for detection of patient record clusters worthy of follow-up based on free-text chief complaints and without syndromic classification. Results: Direct communication between public health problem owners and analytic developers was informative to both groups and constructive for the solution development process. The consultancy achieved refinement of the asyndromic detection challenge and of solution requirements. Participants summarized and evaluated solution approaches and discussed dissemination and collaboration strategies.Conclusions: A solution meeting the specification of the use case described above could improve human monitoring efficiency with expedited warning of events requiring follow-up, including otherwise overlooked events with no syndromic indicators. This approach can remove obstacles to collaboration with efficient, minimal data-sharing and without costly overhead.
The Onset and Duration of Action of 0.2% Lidocaine in a One-per-Mil Tumescent Solution for Hand Surgery
Authors: Prasetyono Theddeus O.H. , Lestari Puri A. 
Published: May 2016

Background One-per-mil tumescent solution, which contains 0.2% lidocaine with 1:1,000,000 epinephrine, has been reported to be clinically effective for hand surgery under local anesthesia. However, it was lacking in its basic pharmacokinetics profile in regard to the onset of action (OOA) and duration of action (DOA).
Methods A randomized, double-blind study was conducted on 12 volunteers who met the inclusion criteria from October to November 2014. All volunteers had their right and left ring finger pulps injected with either one-per-mil solution or 2% lidocaine. Semmes-Weinstein and two-point discrimination tests were used to test sensation. Visual analogue scale was recorded at the time when the finger lost its sensation and when it regained normal sensation to measure the OOA and DOA. The data were then analyzed with a paired t-test and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Results The OOA and DOA of 2% plain lidocaine were 1 minute and 99.67 minutes, respectively. Meanwhile, 0.2% lidocaine in a one-per-mil tumescent solution showed an OOA of 5 minutes and a DOA of 186.83 minutes. The OOA of 0.2% lidocaine in a one-per-mil tumescent solution is statistically shorter than 2% plain lidocaine (P=0.04); while its DOA is statistically longer than 2% plain lidocaine (P<0.001).
Conclusions The 0.2% lidocaine in a one-per-mil tumescent solution is statistically and clinically superior to 2% plain lidocaine in achieving longer duration of local anesthesia.
Spin mixing conductance in Cu–Ir dilute alloys
Authors: Takizawa Sei , Kimata Motoi , Omori Yasutomo , Niimi Yasuhiro , Otani YoshiChika 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We have investigated the spin mixing conductance at the interface of Py and Cu–Ir dilute alloys by means of spin pumping and inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) measurements for Cu–Ir. From systematic studies of the effective spin mixing conductance as a function of Ir concentration, we found that the interfacial spin mixing conductance

was proportional to the Ir concentration. This result is consistent with a scenario based on the impurity-dependent density of states at the Fermi energy. From the ISHE measurements as a function of Ir concentration, we show that the mechanism of the spin Hall effect is skew scattering and that the spin Hall angle is comparable to the previously determined value by using the lateral spin valve structures.
Structural and electrical properties and current–voltage characteristics of nitrogen-doped diamond-like carbon films on Si substrates by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Tsuchiya Masato , Murakami Kazuki , Magara Kohei , Nakamura Kazuki , Ohashi Haruka , Tokuda Kengo , Takami Takahiro , Ogasawara Haruka , Enta Yoshiharu , Suzuki Yushi , Ando Satoshi , Nakazawa Hideki 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We have deposited nitrogen-doped diamond-like carbon (N-DLC) films by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using CH4, N2, and Ar, and investigated the effects of N doping on the structure and the electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of the N-DLC films. We fabricated undoped DLC/p-type Si and N-DLC/p-type Si heterojunctions and examined the current–voltage characteristics of the heterojunctions. When the N2 flow ratio was increased from 0 to 3.64%, the resistivity markedly decreased from the order of 105 Ω·cm to that of 10−2 Ω·cm and the internal stress also decreased. The resistivity gradually increased with increasing N2 flow ratio from 3.64 to 13.6%, and then it decreased at a N2 flow ratio of 13.6%. These behaviors can be explained in terms of the clustering of sp2 carbons and the formation of sp3C–N, sp2C=N, sp1C≡N, and C–H
n
bonds. The rectification ratio of the heterojunction using the N-DLC film prepared at 3.64% was 35.8 at ±0.5 V.
Investigation of Oxygen Reduction Activity of Catalysts Derived from Co and Co/Zn Methyl‐Imidazolate Frameworks in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Chong Lina , Goenaga Gabriel A. , Williams Kia , Barkholtz Heather M. , Grabstanowicz Lauren R. , Brooksbank Jeremy A. , Papandrew Alex B. , Elzein Radwan , Schlaf Rudiger , Zawodzinski Thomas A. , Zou Jianxin , Ma Shengqian , Liu Di‐Jia 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe demonstrated that the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity over catalysts derived from pyrolyzed cobalt zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) depends strongly on the imidazole ligand structure and cobalt content. The activity and durability of these catalysts were tested in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell for the first time. The membrane electrode assembly containing a catalyst derived from Co/Zn bimetallic ZIF at the cathode achieved an open‐circuit voltage of 0.93 V, a current density of 28 mA cm−2 at 0.8 ViR‐free, and a peak power density of 374 mW cm−2.
A comparative design study of continuous‐time incremental sigma‐delta ADC architectures
Authors: Tao Sha , Rusu Ana 
Published: May 2016

SummaryThis paper presents a comparative design study of continuous‐time (CT) incremental sigma‐delta (IΣΔ) ADCs, which can expand another dimension of the IΣΔ ADC world that is dominated by discrete‐time implementations. Several CT IΣΔ ADC architectures are introduced and analyzed aiming to reduce the modulator's sampling frequency and consequently the power dissipation. Based on the analytical results, three CT IΣΔ ADCs are selected to be examined, implemented, and tested. The three ADC prototypes, fabricated in a standard 0.18‐m CMOS technology, demonstrate competitive figure‐of‐merits in terms of power efficiency compared to the state‐of‐the‐art counterparts. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Design Process for a Customer Journey Map: A Case Study on Mobile Services
Authors: Moon Heekyung , Han Sung H. , Chun Jaemin , Hong Sang W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA customer journey map (CJM) is a widely used tool to represent user experience with a service. Although numerous companies have used this tool to improve existing services or to develop new services, the maps are neither consistent nor mutually compatible because no clear design process for a CJM has been presented. This study aimed to develop a design process and rule sets for a CJM based on a human factors approach. The 10‐step process and the rule sets were built on case studies of 25 categories of mobile services. Large‐scale case studies were conducted with mobile service providers and combined with the result of a user diary method that collected users’ daily activities and the difficulties that the user perceived when performing a task. We suggested various methods for using the CJM to generate new service opportunities. The proposed design process and the way for opportunity discovery can help service designers to develop unified CJMs and to identify innovative service ideas.
A persistent wintertime fog episode at Lisbon airport (Portugal): performance of ECMWF and AROME models
Authors: Belo‐Pereira Margarida , Santos J. A. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTThe 7–8 January 2015 persistent fog episode at Lisbon international airport is analysed. Its persistence was atypical of the local climate (second longest episode since 2004) and caused significant air traffic disruptions. Furthermore, the performance of two operational models (European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and Applications of Research to Operations at Mesoscale (AROME)) used at the Portuguese Weather Service is assessed not only for the selected fog episode, but also for the extended winters (November to March) of 2013/2014 and 2014/2015. This episode developed under the following conditions: (1) the occurrence of a strong and persistent midwinter anticyclone over Iberia, driving favourable conditions for the formation of radiation fog; (2) a short interruption of the anticyclonic circulation by a kata‐cold front on the day before, favouring the development of fog/low stratus clouds, which persisted until dawn on 7 January over the Tagus valley; (3) low‐tropospheric easterly/northeasterly winds, favouring the drift of fog patches from the Tagus towards Lisbon. At the nearest grid point to Lisbon airport, both ECMWF and AROME were able to capture fog occurrence, but were unable to predict its persistence throughout the episode. Moreover, both models overestimated the 2 m temperature and dew point depression. Low cloud cover and horizontal visibility from ECMWF revealed higher skill in fog prediction than that derived from AROME. Nonetheless, a modified version of the Fog Stability Index based on AROME was proven to be a more skilful fog predictor, also outperforming other predictors based on ECMWF. These conclusions are also supported by an objective verification over a two‐winter period.
Late Toxicities of Intensity‐Modulated Radiation Therapy for Head and Neck Rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Lockney Natalie A. , Friedman Danielle Novetsky , Wexler Leonard H. , Sklar Charles A. , Casey Dana L. , Wolden Suzanne L. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose/objectivesTo examine the late effects of intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in pediatric patients with rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck.Materials/methodsAll 1‐year survivors of pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma treated with IMRT at a single institution from 1999 to 2014 were assessed for long‐term complications. Late toxicities were graded according to CTCAE version 4.03.ResultsAmong 30 patients, median age at IMRT was 7.4 (1.5–20.8) years, median follow‐up was 7.7 (1.2–14.4) years, and median IMRT dose was 50.4 (36–50.4) Gy. Tumor subsites included parameningeal (80%), orbit (13%), and other (7%). Common late toxicities were facial disfigurement (n = 23, 77%), growth hormone deficiency (n = 11, 37%), cataract (n = 10, 34%), and dental problems (n = 10, 33%). Twenty‐two patients (73%) had ≥2 late toxicities and 14 patients (47%) had ≥3 late toxicities. Seventeen patients (57%) experienced grade 2 toxicity and 10 patients (33%) had grade 3 toxicity. Grade 3 toxicities included visual disturbance, cataract, facial disfigurement, chronic sinusitis/otitis, and hearing loss. Severe facial deformity was noted in nine patients (30%), and three patients underwent cosmetic surgery. Patients with severe facial deformity were treated at younger ages (median 6.0 years vs. 8.1 years for patients with no/nonsevere facial deformity) and more likely to have infratemporal fossa tumors. There were no secondary solid malignancies.ConclusionsLate radiation toxicities are common in survivors of pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma treated with IMRT. While the majority of late effects are mild–moderate, they can significantly impact quality of life, particularly facial disfigurement.
Why inter-agency operations break down: US counterterrorism in comparative perspective
Authors: Foley Frank 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhile US counterterrorism has improved in many respects since the attacks of 11 September 2001, there have still been turf battles and many cases of inadequate coordination between security agencies, which have had damaging effects on intelligence work and operations against terrorist groups. Why, more than 14 years after 9/11, do US inter-agency operations still break down in this manner? By comparing the United States with the United Kingdom, this article provides a new explanation for the deficiencies in the American response. It shows how US inter-agency conflict has negative operational consequences and draws a contrast with the British security agencies, which tend to be more closely integrated and refrain from engaging in major turf battles. I argue that the differences between the cases stem from a combination of distinct institutions and different organisational routines in the US and UK. In the United States, divided national institutions and the informal routines of its security agencies have proved problematic for joint operations and intelligence work. The article also critiques some influential existing accounts of US inter-agency counterterrorism, which emphasise bureaucratic politics or organisational culture, and shows how such perspectives can produce unrealistic policy recommendations. A focus on the deep-seated routines and institutions of the United States leads one to be more sceptical about the prospects for meaningful organisational reform.
Visuospatial planning in unmedicated major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder: distinct and common neural correlates
Authors: Rive M. M. , Koeter M. W. J. , Veltman D. J. , Schene A. H. , Ruhé H. G. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundCognitive impairments are an important feature of both remitted and depressed major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). In particular, deficits in executive functioning may hamper everyday functioning. Identifying the neural substrates of impaired executive functioning would improve our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying these disorders, and may eventually aid in discriminating between MDD and BD, which is often difficult during depression and remission. To date, mostly medicated MDD and BD subjects have been investigated, which may have influenced results. Therefore, we investigated executive functioning in medication-free depressed and remitted MDD and BD subjects.MethodWe used the Tower of London (ToL) visuospatial planning task to assess behavioural performance and blood oxygen-level dependent responses in 35 healthy controls, 21 remitted MDD, 23 remitted BD, 19 depressed MDD and nine depressed BD subjects.ResultsVisuospatial planning per se was associated with increased frontostriatal activity in depressed BD compared to depressed MDD. In addition, post-hoc analyses indicated that visuospatial planning load was associated with increased parietal activity in depressed compared to remitted subjects, and BD compared to MDD subjects. Task performance did not significantly differ between groups.ConclusionsMore severely affected, medication-free mood disorder patients require greater parietal activity to perform in visuospatial planning, which may be compensatory to maintain relatively normal performance. State-dependent frontostriatal hyperactivity during planning may be a specific BD characteristic, providing clues for further characterization of differential pathophysiology in MDD v. BD. This could potentially provide a biomarker to aid in the differentiation of these disorders.
A comparative study of elastic motions in trajectory tracking of flexible RPR planar manipulators moving with high speed
Authors: Firoozabadi Amirhossein Eshaghiyeh , Ebrahimi Saeed , Font-Llagunes Josep M. 
Published: May 2016

SUMMARYThe study of inertial forces effects at high speeds in flexible parallel manipulators, which generate undesired deviations, is a challenging task due to the coupled and complicated equations of motion. A dynamic model of the Revolute Prismatic Revolute (RPR) planar manipulators (specifically 3-RPR, 2-RPR and 1-RPR) with flexible intermediate links is developed based on the assumed mode method. The flexible intermediate links are modeled as Euler-Bernoulli beams with fixed-free boundary conditions. Using the Lagrange multipliers, a generalized set of differential algebraic equations (DAEs) of motion is developed. In the simulations, the rigid body motion of the end-effector is constrained by some moving constraint equations while the vibrations of the flexible intermediate links cause deviations from the desired trajectory. From this analysis, the dynamic performance of the manipulators when tracking a desired trajectory is evaluated. A comparison of the results indicates that in some cases, adding each extra RPR chain in the n-RPR planar manipulators with flexible intermediate links reduces the stiffness and accuracy due to the inertial forces of the flexible links, which is opposite to what would be expected. The study provides insights to the design, control and suitable selection of the flexible manipulators.