bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IRAK1, a Target of miR-146b, Reduces Cell Aggressiveness of Human Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Chou Chen-Kai , Chi Shun-Yu , Huang Cai-Hua , Chou Fong-Fu , Huang Chao-Cheng , Liu Rue-Tsuan , Kang Hong-Yo 
Published: August 2016

Context:
MicroRNA (miR)-146b is overexpressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and is associated with extrathyroidal invasion, advanced tumor stage, and poor prognosis. However, the underlying mechanism of miR-146b in relation to its oncogenic behavior in PTC and its putative targets remain unknown.

Objective:
The purpose was to investigate IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) as the potential miR-146b target gene and its involvement in PTC.

Design:
We used genome-wide microarray, computational analysis, and 3′ UTR reporter gene assays to identify IRAK1 as a miR-146b target gene. In vitro gain/loss-of-function experiments were further performed to determine the effects of IRAK1 on proliferation, colony formation, and wound-healing in PTC cancer cell lines. Expression levels of miR-146b and IRAK1 of 50 cases of PTC and its adjacent normal thyroid specimens were assessed via qRT-PCR.

Results:
Microarray expression profile revealed that the mRNA level of IRAK1 gene was down-regulated by miR-146b. The 3′ UTR of IRAK1 mRNA was found to be a molecular target of miR-146b posttranscriptional repression in BCPAP cells by reporter gene assays. MiR-146b promoted the migration and proliferation of PTC cells by down-regulating IRAK1 expression, whereas restoration of IRAK1 expression reversed this effect. In addition, the expression of IRAK1 mRNA was significantly lower in PTC clinical tissue samples than normal adjacent thyroid specimens and showed a strong inverse correlation with the expression of miR-146b in PTC specimens.

Conclusion:
Our results demonstrated that IRAK1 is a direct target of miR-146b and has functional roles to inhibit various aggressive PTC cell activities. In conjunction with current therapeutic regimens, targeting the miR-146b-IRAK1 axis may provide a potential approach for PTC management.
miR-200 Regulates Endometrial Development During Early Pregnancy
Authors: Jimenez Patricia T. , Mainigi Monica A. , Word R. Ann , Kraus W. Lee , Mendelson Carole R. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
For successful embryo implantation, endometrial stromal cells must undergo functional and morphological changes, referred to as decidualization. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate implantation and decidualization are not well defined. Here we demonstrate that the estradiol- and progesterone-regulated microRNA (miR)-200 family was markedly down-regulated in mouse endometrial stromal cells prior to implantation, whereas zinc finger E-box binding homeobox-1 and -2 and other known and predicted targets were up-regulated. Conversely, miR-200 was up-regulated during in vitro decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells. Knockdown of miR-200 negatively affected decidualization and prevented the mesenchymal-epithelial transition-like changes that accompanied decidual differentiation. Notably, superovulation of mice and humans altered miR-200 expression. Our findings suggest that hormonal alterations that accompany superovulation may negatively impact endometrial development and decidualization by causing aberrant miR-200 expression.
Publication Bias and Nonreporting Found in Majority of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses in Anesthesiology Journals
Authors: Hedin Riley J. , Umberham Blake A. , Detweiler Byron N. , Kollmorgen Lauren , Vassar Matt 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are used by clinicians to derive treatment guidelines and make resource allocation decisions in anesthesiology. One cause for concern with such reviews is the possibility that results from unpublished trials are not represented in the review findings or data synthesis. This problem, known as publication bias, results when studies reporting statistically nonsignificant findings are left unpublished and, therefore, not included in meta-analyses when estimating a pooled treatment effect. In turn, publication bias may lead to skewed results with overestimated effect sizes. The primary objective of this study is to determine the extent to which evaluations for publication bias are conducted by systematic reviewers in highly ranked anesthesiology journals and which practices reviewers use to mitigate publication bias. The secondary objective of this study is to conduct publication bias analyses on the meta-analyses that did not perform these assessments and examine the adjusted pooled effect estimates after accounting for publication bias.

METHODS:
This study considered meta-analyses and systematic reviews from 5 peer-reviewed anesthesia journals from 2007 through 2015. A PubMed search was conducted, and full-text systematic reviews that fit inclusion criteria were downloaded and coded independently by 2 authors. Coding was then validated, and disagreements were settled by consensus. In total, 207 systematic reviews were included for analysis. In addition, publication bias evaluation was performed for 25 systematic reviews that did not do so originally. We used Egger regression, Duval and Tweedie trim and fill, and funnel plots for these analyses.

RESULTS:
Fifty-five percent (n = 114) of the reviews discussed publication bias, and 43% (n = 89) of the reviews evaluated publication bias. Funnel plots and Egger regression were the most common methods for evaluating publication bias. Publication bias was reported in 34 reviews (16%). Thirty-six of the 45 (80.0%) publication bias analyses indicated the presence of publication bias by trim and fill analysis, whereas Egger regression indicated publication bias in 23 of 45 (51.1%) analyses. The mean absolute percent difference between adjusted and observed point estimates was 15.5%, the median was 6.2%, and the range was 0% to 85.5%.

CONCLUSIONS:
Many of these reviews reported following published guidelines such as PRISMA or MOOSE, yet only half appropriately addressed publication bias in their reviews. Compared with previous research, our study found fewer reviews assessing publication bias and greater likelihood of publication bias among reviews not performing these evaluations.
Effect of Total Dose of Lidocaine on Duration of Adductor Canal Block, Assessed by Different Test Methods: A Report of Two Blinded, Randomized, Crossover Studies in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Jæger Pia , Koscielniak-Nielsen Zbigniew J. , Hilsted Karen Lisa , Grevstad Ulrik , Siersma Volkert , Fabritius Maria Louise , Dahl Jørgen Berg 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND:
The binary aims of this study were to investigate the effect of total dose of lidocaine on duration of an adductor canal block (ACB) and to validate different methods used to assess nerve blocks.

METHODS:
We performed 2 blinded, randomized, controlled crossover trials, including healthy, young men. In study 1, 14 subjects received 4 ACBs with saline and 40, 80, and 160 mg lidocaine. In study 2, 14 new subjects received 2 ACBs with 100 and 300 mg lidocaine. We kept volume constant at 20 mL for all blocks, only altering concentration. ACB duration was assessed every hour postblock using mechanical (primary outcome) and temperature discrimination; warmth and heat pain detection thresholds; pain during heat stimulation; and tolerance to electrical current in the saphenous distribution. Finally, we measured quadriceps femoris muscle strength (clinical trial registration: NCT02172729).

RESULTS:
In study 1, block duration assessed by mechanical discrimination differed significantly when comparing the 40-mg dose with the 80-mg dose (mean difference, 1.15 hours; 99% confidence interval [CI], 0.38–2.09 hours) and with the 160-mg dose (mean difference, 0.92 ours; 99% CI, 0.17–1.62). However, there was no difference between the 80-mg and 160-mg doses (mean difference, −0.23 hour; 99% CI, −1.12 to 0.46 hours). Neither for the secondary outcomes were there any differences between the 80- and 160-mg doses (99% CI including 0). Because of 38% (5/13) failed blocks in the 40-mg group, we decided to perform study 2. In study 2, all but 1 test showed no difference in duration despite a 3-fold increase in dose. The temperature discrimination test showed 100% sensitivity and specificity for differentiating between the presence and absence of block and was the only test with scores >90% for both parameters.

CONCLUSIONS:
We did not find evidence that increasing the total dose of lidocaine may prolong duration of an ACB. The temperature discrimination test was the only test with scores >90% for both specificity and sensitivity.
The Struggle for the Soul of Public Health
Authors: Wiley Lindsay F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPrevention has become a central focus for health care payers, providers, policy makers, and the general public. Given the centrality of prevention to public health science, practice, and law, it would seem that conditions are ripe for the public health law renaissance to expand beyond legal and scientific circles to permeate the general consciousness. Yet, public health law and policy interventions continue to face considerable political and legal opposition. The population perspective—which emphasizes the social determinants of health, collective action to create healthier communities, and communitarian rationales for prioritizing health—is as important to public health problem-solving as the prevention orientation. But it conflicts with the individualistic orientation that dominates American legal, cultural, and social discourse. This article suggests that public health law and policy debates offer important opportunities for public health advocates to reach across silos to promote the population perspective that unites the field. The article explores contrasting explanations for disease, injury, premature death, and health disparities offered by the population perspective and the individualistic orientation; political and cultural barriers that stand in the way of innovative law and policy interventions; and normative tensions between the communitarian population perspective and self-interested rationales for investment in prevention.
Deconstructing Jamaican Whiteness: A Diasporic Voice
Authors: Robinson-Walcott Kim 
Published: August 2016

Whiteness has certain fixed meanings in Jamaica. Being white in a country where 95% of the population is black, but where whites still represent the upper echelons of society, produces a peculiar dilemma of privilege counterpoised by marginalization. Compounded by awareness of the past role of whites in a slave society, the dilemma of white Jamaicans is undeniable. Also undeniable, however, is the fact that the costs of being white are outweighed by the benefits, as the white Jamaican writer Anthony C. Winkler acknowledges in two autobiographical works. Winkler experiences those benefits both in black Jamaica and in white America, where he comes to fully appreciate just how much of a Jamaican he is, as well as to grasp the idiosyncrasies of Jamaican vs American constructions of whiteness vs blackness.
This paper examines issues of racial and cultural identity raised, directly or indirectly, by Winkler as a white writer of the Jamaican diaspora.
Consequences of lost endings: caudal autotomy as a lens for focusing attention on tail function during locomotion
Authors: Gillis Gary , Higham Timothy E. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAutotomy has evolved in many animal lineages as a means of predator escape, and involves the voluntary shedding of body parts. In vertebrates, caudal autotomy (or tail shedding) is the most common form, and it is particularly widespread in lizards. Here, we develop a framework for thinking about how tail loss can have fitness consequences, particularly through its impacts on locomotion. Caudal autotomy is fundamentally an alteration of morphology that affects an animal's mass and mass distribution. These morphological changes affect balance and stability, along with the performance of a range of locomotor activities, from running and climbing to jumping and swimming. These locomotor effects can impact on activities critical for survival and reproduction, including escaping predators, capturing prey and acquiring mates. In this Commentary, we first review work illustrating the (mostly) negative effects of tail loss on locomotor performance, and highlight what these consequences reveal about tail function during locomotion. We also identify important areas of future study, including the exploration of new behaviors (e.g. prey capture), increased use of biomechanical measurements and the incorporation of more field-based studies to continue to build our understanding of the tail, an ancestral and nearly ubiquitous feature of the vertebrate body plan.
Light and dark adaptation mechanisms in the compound eyes of Myrmecia ants that occupy discrete temporal niches
Authors: Narendra Ajay , Greiner Birgit , Ribi Willi A. , Zeil Jochen 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Ants of the Australian genus Myrmecia partition their foraging niche temporally, allowing them to be sympatric with overlapping foraging requirements. We used histological techniques to study the light and dark adaptation mechanisms in the compound eyes of diurnal (Myrmecia croslandi), crepuscular (M. tarsata, M. nigriceps) and nocturnal ants (M. pyriformis). We found that, except in the day-active species, all ants have a variable primary pigment cell pupil that constricts the crystalline cone in bright light to control for light flux. We show for the nocturnal M. pyriformis that the constriction of the crystalline cone by the primary pigment cells is light dependent whereas the opening of the aperture is regulated by an endogenous rhythm. In addition, in the light-adapted eyes of all species, the retinular cell pigment granules radially migrate towards the rhabdom, a process that in both the day-active M. croslandi and the night-active M. pyriformis is driven by ambient light intensity. Visual system properties thus do not restrict crepuscular and night-active ants to their temporal foraging niche, while day-active ants require high light intensities to operate. We discuss the ecological significance of these adaptation mechanisms and their role in temporal niche partitioning.
Lectotypification of three Linnaean names in Leucojum (Amaryllidaceae)
Authors: Ferrer-Gallego P. Pablo , Crespo Manuel B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLectotypes are selected for three Linnaean names in the genus Leucojum (Amaryllidaceae): L. aestivum, L. autumnale (≡ Acis autumnalis), and L. vernum. The designation of the nomenclatural types is based on the consultation of Linnaeus's original material and the literature cited in the respective protologues. The names are lectotypified using specimens from Linnaean, Burser and Clifford herbaria respectively.
Economic Implications of Nonlinear Pricing Kernels
Authors: Almeida Caio , Garcia René 
Published: August 2016

Based on a family of discrepancy functions, we derive nonparametric stochastic discount factor bounds that naturally generalize variance, entropy, and higher-moment bounds. These bounds are especially useful to identify how parameters affect pricing kernel dispersion in asset pricing models. In particular, they allow us to distinguish between models where dispersion comes mainly from skewness from models where kurtosis is the primary source of dispersion. We analyze the admissibility of disaster, disappointment aversion, and long-run risk models with respect to these bounds.This paper was accepted by Jerome Detemple, finance.
The Size of the LGBT Population and the Magnitude of Antigay Sentiment Are Substantially Underestimated
Authors: Coffman Katherine B. , Coffman Lucas C. , Ericson Keith M. Marzilli 
Published: August 2016

We demonstrate that widely used measures of antigay sentiment and the size of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) population are misestimated, likely substantially. In a series of online experiments using a large and diverse but nonrepresentative sample, we compare estimates from the standard methodology of asking sensitive questions to measures from a “veiled” methodology that precludes inference about an individual but provides population estimates. The veiled method increased self-reports of antigay sentiment, particularly in the workplace: respondents were 67% more likely to disapprove of an openly gay manager when asked with a veil, and 71% more likely to say it should be legal to discriminate in hiring on the basis of sexual orientation. The veiled methodology also produces larger estimates of the fraction of the population that identifies as LGBT or has had a sexual experience with a member of the same sex. Self-reports of nonheterosexual identity rose by 65%, and same-sex sexual experiences by 59%. We conduct a “placebo test” and show that for nonsensitive placebo items, the veiled methodology produces effects that are small in magnitude and not significantly different from zero in seven out of eight items. Taken together, the results suggest antigay discrimination might be a more significant issue than formerly considered, as the nonheterosexual population and antigay workplace-related sentiment are both larger than previously measured. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2503 . This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Językowy sposób wyrażania doświadczenia mistycznego w polskim tłumaczeniu Nocy ciemnej św. Jana od Krzyża
Authors: Gawrońska-Garstka Magdalena 
Published: August 2016

The article presents the issues of mystical language in the book The Dark Night St. John of the Cross. The analysis of the material shows rich repertoire of linguistic forms used by the author. The characteristics of mystical language: expression, simple syntax, dialogue, subjectivity, persuasion, symbolism and ambiguity.
Środki językowo-obrazowe służące etykietowaniu polityków w memach internetowych
Authors: Niekrewicz Agnieszka Anna 
Published: August 2016

This article presents techniques for creating a negative image of a party and their representatives in Internet memes. The author indicates the typical for memes linguistic measures used for depreciation of individual politicians and at the same time contributing to the perpetuation of their axiologically unequivocal image, usually based on a single exaggerated feature. The author analyses examples of repetitions of lapses committed by politicians, key words that characterize them according to memetic scheme, descriptive and evaluative names replacing the names, verbal jokes based on polysemy and homonymy as well as spelling innovation.
Expression and clinical significance of LXRα and SREBP-1c in placentas of preeclampsia
Authors: Jianhua Li , Xueqin Miao , Jifen Hu 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Objective
To evaluate the expression and correlations of liver X receptor alpha (LXRa) and its target gene sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) in placentas of preeclampsia (PE) and their significance in PE.

Methods
Pregnancies were divided into two groups, 60 cases (29 cases of mild and 31 cases of severe) of PE group and 56 cases of normal group. The level of mRNA and protein of LXRa and SREBP-1c were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the placentas.

Results
RT-PCR and IHC results showed that the mRNA and protein expression of both LXRa and SREBP-1c increased gradually with the extent of PE among normal pregnancy, mild PE and severe PE groups, and the differences were of statistically significance (P<0.01 or P<0.05). There were positive correlations between the expression of LXRa mRNA and SREBP-1c mRNA, also between LXRa mRNA and LXRa protein (r=0.521, P<0.01; r=0.422, P<0.01). The expression of SREBP-1c mRNA positively correlated with its protein level (r=0.598, P<0.01). There were positive correlations between the expression of LXRa protein and SREBP-1c protein (r=0.612, P<0.01).

Conclusion
The expression of LXRa is elevated significantly in placentas of PE patients, and might contribute for promoting the transcription and translation of its target gene SREBP1-c, which is related to the occurrence and development of PE.
Large-scale quantum photonic circuits in silicon
Authors: Harris Nicholas C. , Bunandar Darius , Pant Mihir , Steinbrecher Greg R. , Mower Jacob , Prabhu Mihika , Baehr-Jones Tom , Hochberg Michael , Englund Dirk 
Published: August 2016

AbstractQuantum information science offers inherently more powerful methods for communication, computation, and precision measurement that take advantage of quantum superposition and entanglement. In recent years, theoretical and experimental advances in quantum computing and simulation with photons have spurred great interest in developing large photonic entangled states that challenge today’s classical computers. As experiments have increased in complexity, there has been an increasing need to transition bulk optics experiments to integrated photonics platforms to control more spatial modes with higher fidelity and phase stability. The silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanophotonics platform offers new possibilities for quantum optics, including the integration of bright, nonclassical light sources, based on the large third-order nonlinearity (χ(3)) of silicon, alongside quantum state manipulation circuits with thousands of optical elements, all on a single phase-stable chip. How large do these photonic systems need to be? Recent theoretical work on Boson Sampling suggests that even the problem of sampling from e30 identical photons, having passed through an interferometer of hundreds of modes, becomes challenging for classical computers. While experiments of this size are still challenging, the SOI platform has the required component density to enable low-loss and programmable interferometers for manipulating hundreds of spatial modes.Here, we discuss the SOI nanophotonics platform for quantum photonic circuits with hundreds-to-thousands of optical elements and the associated challenges. We compare SOI to competing technologies in terms of requirements for quantum optical systems. We review recent results on large-scale quantum state evolution circuits and strategies for realizing high-fidelity heralded gates with imperfect, practical systems. Next, we review recent results on silicon photonics-based photon-pair sources and device architectures, and we discuss a path towards large-scale source integration. Finally, we review monolithic integration strategies for single-photon detectors and their essential role in on-chip feed forward operations.
The emerging roles of arthropods and their metabolites in the green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles
Authors: Lateef Agbaje , Ojo Sunday A. , Elegbede Joseph A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNanotechnology has remained relevant as a multifacet discipline, which cuts across different areas of science and technology. Several successful attempts had been documented regarding the involvement of biological materials in the green synthesis of various metal nanoparticles (MeNPs) because of their eco-friendliness, cost-effectiveness, safe handling, and ultimately less toxicity as opposed to the physical and chemical methods with their concomitant problems. Biological agents, including bacteria, fungi, algae, enzymes, plants, and their extracts, have been implicated in most cases by several authors. Moreover, nanotechnology in recent times has also made an inroad for animal species, specifically arthropods and metabolites thereof to be used as excellent candidates for the green synthesis of MeNPs. The increasing literature on the use of metabolites of arthropods for the green synthesis of nanoparticles has necessitated the need to document a review on their relevance in nanobiotechnology. The review, which represents the first of its kind, seeks to underscore the importance of arthropods in the multidisciplinary subject of nanoscience and nanotechnology.