bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Standing Height as a Prevention Measure for Overuse Injuries of the Back in Alpine Ski Racing: A Kinematic and Kinetic Study of Giant Slalom
Authors: Spörri Jörg , Kröll Josef , Fasel Benedikt , Aminian Kamiar , Müller Erich 
Published: January 2018

Background: In alpine ski racing, typical loading patterns of the back include a combined occurrence of spinal bending, torsion, and high peak loads. These factors are known to be associated with high spinal disc loading and have been suggested to be attributable to different types of spine deterioration. However, little is known about the effect of standing height (ie, the distance between the bottom of the running surface of the ski and the ski boot sole) on the aforementioned back loading patterns. Purpose: To investigate the effect of reduced standing height on the skier’s overall trunk kinematics and the acting ground-reaction forces in giant slalom (GS) from an overuse injury prevention perspective. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Seven European Cup–level athletes skied a total of 224 GS turns with 2 different pairs of skis varying in standing height. Their overall trunk movement (frontal bending, lateral bending, and torsion angles) was measured based on 2 inertial measurement units located at the sacrum and sternum. Pressure insoles were used to determine the total ground-reaction force. Results: During the turn phase in which the greatest spinal disc loading is expected to occur, significantly lower total ground-reaction forces were observed for skis with a decreased standing height. Simultaneously, the skier’s overall trunk movement (ie, frontal bending, lateral bending, and torsion angles) remained unwaveringly high. Conclusion: Standing height is a reasonable measure to reduce the skier’s overall back loading in GS. Yet, when compared with the effects achievable by increased gate offsets in slalom, for instance, the preventative benefits of decreased standing height seem to be rather small. Clinical Relevance: To reduce the magnitude of overall back loading in GS and to prevent overuse injuries of the back, decreasing standing height might be an efficient approach. Nevertheless, the clinical relevance of the current findings, as well as the effectiveness of the measure “reduced standing height,” must be verified by epidemiological studies before its preventative potential can be judged as conclusive.
Bony Maturity of the Tibial Tuberosity With Regard to Age and Sex and Its Relationship to Pathogenesis of Osgood-Schlatter Disease: An Ultrasonographic Study
Authors: Kaneuchi Yoichi , Otoshi Kenichi , Hakozaki Michiyuki , Sekiguchi Miho , Watanabe Kazuyuki , Igari Takahiro , Konno Shinichi 
Published: January 2018

Background: Although tensile force on an immature tibial tuberosity is considered the main cause of Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD), the relationship between bony maturity and the pathogenesis of OSD remains obscure. Purpose: To survey the bone maturation process of the tibial tuberosity by age and sex and clarify its relationship to OSD. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 731 Japanese basketball players aged 6 to 14 years were enrolled in this study. Ultrasonographic examination was performed in all participants (1462 knees) to evaluate the bony maturity of the tibial tuberosity by use of the Ehrenborg classification. The age- and sex-specific prevalence of each stage was investigated, and the prevalence of symptomatic OSD and its relationship with bony maturity were also assessed. Results: The process of bone maturation occurred 1 to 2 years earlier in female participants compared with male participants. Among female participants, 59.2% were already at the epiphyseal stage (stage E) by 10 years of age, and 47.4% were skeletally mature by 14 years. Among male participants, conversely, only 8.0% were at stage E by 10 years of age, and only 13.8% were skeletally mature by 14 years. The overall prevalence of symptomatic OSD was 6.8% (males, 6.4%; females, 7.2%), and the onset was 1 year earlier in the female participants. The prevalence of symptomatic OSD tended to increase with age and bony maturity, significantly increasing from the cartilaginous stage (stage C) to the apophyseal stage (stage A) (odds ratio, 9.48) and from stage A to stage E (odds ratio, 2.22). Conclusion: The tibial tuberosity matures earlier in female participants. The risk of OSD is greater in stage A than stage C and in stage E than stage A. The risk of OSD increases with age in males but not in females.
The impact of early-life intelligence quotient on post stroke cognitive impairment
Authors: Makin Stephen DJ , Doubal Fergus N , Shuler Kirsten , Chappell Francesca M , Staals Julie , Dennis Martin S , Wardlaw Joanna M 
Published: January 2018

Background Cognitive impairment can complicate minor stroke, but there is limited information on risk factors including peak cognitive ability earlier in life. Methods We recruited patients with clinically-evident lacunar or minor non-lacunar ischaemic stroke, recorded clinical features, vascular risk factors, magnetic resonance imaging-detected stroke sub-type and small vessel disease burden. At 1–3 and 12 months after stroke, we assessed educational attainment (years of education), current cognition (Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination–Revised), pre-morbid intelligence (National Adult Reading Test) and dependency (modified Rankin Scale). Results We recruited 157 patients (87 lacunar, 64 non-lacunar ischaemic strokes), median age 66 (inter-quartile range 56–74) years, 36/157 (23%) patients had a Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination–Revised score < 82 at one to three months, 29/151 (19%) had a Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination–Revised < 82 at one year. Lower National Adult Reading Test score (cognitive impairment per point on National Adult Reading Test odds ratio 0.91, 95% confidence interval 0.87, 0.95) and older age (per year of age odds ratio 1.04 (95% confidence interval 1.01, 1.08) predicted one-year cognitive impairment more than stroke severity (per point on National Institute of Health Stroke Scale odds ratio 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.0.68, 1.31)) or vascular risk factors e.g. hypertension (odds ratio for diagnosis of hypertension 0.52 (95% confidence interval 0.24, 1.15). Cognitive impairment was associated with having more white matter hyper-intensities (odds ratio per point increase in Fazekas score 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.11, 1.83). Discussion This observational study provides evidence that pre-morbid intelligence quotient and education predict cognition after stroke, and confirms the association between cognitive impairment and small vessel disease. Conclusion Pre-morbid intelligence should be considered in future studies of post-stroke cognition.
Targeting anticoagulant protein S to improve hemostasis in hemophilia
Authors: Prince Raja , Bologna Luca , Manetti Mirko , Melchiorre Daniela , Rosa Irene , Dewarrat Natacha , Suardi Silvia , Amini Poorya , Fernández José A. , Burnier Laurent , Quarroz Claudia , Reina Caro Maria Desiré , Matsumura Yasuhiro , Kremer Hovinga Johanna A. , Griffin John H. , Simon Hans-Uwe , Ibba-Manneschi Lidia , Saller François , Calzavarini Sara , Angelillo-Scherrer Anne 
Published: January 2018

Key PointsTargeting anticoagulant protein S rebalances coagulation in hemophilia. Protein S in joints is a novel pathophysiological contributor to hemarthrosis and a potential therapeutic target in hemophilia.
Does ALK‐rearrangement predict favorable response to the therapy of bevacizumab plus pemetrexed in advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer? Case report and literature review
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Bao Youting , Li Butuo , Sun Xindong , Wang Linlin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced ALK‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients will develop acquired resistance after anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) inhibitors therapies. Vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) production and tumor vessel formation were found to be more significantly enriched in ALK‐rearrangement NSCLC than that in epidermal growth factor receptor or Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene mutated NSCLC. However, the correlation between ALK rearrangement and the efficacy of bevacizumab (a recombinant humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody targeting VEGF‐A) was still elusive.Case presentationWe report a case with metastatic NSCLC harboring ALK‐rearrangement who was initially resistant to two courses of ALK‐Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) therapy, but got a clinical benefit of 7 months of progression free survival after the combined treatment of bevacizumab plus pemetrexed. And the patient tolerated well.ConclusionsIt suggested that bevacizumab combined with pemetrexed might be a preferred option for ALK rearrangement patient who had failed no less than two courses of ALK‐TKIs.
Family psychoeducation for people living with schizophrenia and their families
Authors: Harvey Carol 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYMost people with schizophrenia have frequent contact with their families. Therefore, the family should be involved in their relative's treatment and care wherever possible, so that they can contribute to that person's recovery and the family's own needs for information, support and treatment can be addressed. Family psychoeducation refers to a group of structured psychotherapeutic interventions that involve the person with schizophrenia and their family as partners in care. Trained practitioners adopt a collaborative approach to information sharing and provide training in coping, communication and problem-solving skills. This article describes the common principles and techniques of family psychoeducation (FPE), along with the substantial evidence for its benefits for families, especially reduced relapse rates for the person with schizophrenia. Despite recommendations in clinical practice guidelines, FPE is not widely available throughout the world. The current challenge is to address this through systemic approaches to practice change and tiered approaches to family service delivery.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•Appreciate the needs of families and recognise how these may be addressed by family psychoeducation•Understand the evidence for family psychoeducation•Delineate the key elements of family psychoeducation and consider how it may be applied in practiceDECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
Health anxiety: detection and treatment
Authors: Tyrer Peter , Tyrer Helen 
Published: January 2018

SUMMARYHealth anxiety is an important new diagnosis that is increasing in frequency because of changing attitudes towards health, particularly excessive use of health information on the internet (cyberchondria). People with abnormal health anxiety become over-diligent monitors of their health, misinterpret most somatic sensations as evidence of disease, consult medical professionals unnecessarily and frequently, and are often over-investigated. Relatively few patients with health anxiety present to psychiatrists; most are seen in primary and secondary medical care. This paper reviews the diagnosis and presenting features of health anxiety, its identification in practice and its treatment. A range of simple psychological treatments have been shown to have long-lasting benefit for the disorder but are greatly under-used.LEARNING OBJECTIVES•To be able to identify abnormal health anxiety with the aid of probe questions•To respond to people whom you have identified with excessive health anxiety in a way that facilitates its treatment•To learn a few simple techniques derived from cognitive–behavioural therapy that can lead to long-term benefitDECLARATION OF INTERESTNone.
Recovering Quality of Life (ReQoL): a new generic self-reported outcome measure for use with people experiencing mental health difficulties
Authors: Keetharuth Anju Devianee , Brazier John , Connell Janice , Bjorner Jakob Bue , Carlton Jill , Taylor Buck Elizabeth , Ricketts Thomas , McKendrick Kirsty , Browne John , Croudace Tim , Barkham Michael 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundOutcome measures for mental health services need to adopt a service-user recovery focus.AimsTo develop and validate a 10- and 20-item self-report recovery-focused quality of life outcome measure named Recovering Quality of Life (ReQoL).MethodQualitative methods for item development and initial testing, and quantitative methods for item reduction and scale construction were used. Data from >6500 service users were factor analysed and item response theory models employed to inform item selection. The measures were tested for reliability, validity and responsiveness.ResultsReQoL-10 and ReQoL-20 contain positively and negatively worded items covering seven themes: activity, hope, belonging and relationships, self-perception, well-being, autonomy, and physical health. Both versions achieved acceptable internal consistency, test–retest reliability (>0.85), known-group differences, convergence with related measures, and were responsive over time (standardised response mean (SRM) > 0.4). They performed marginally better than the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale and markedly better than the EQ-5D.ConclusionsBoth versions are appropriate for measuring service-user recovery-focused quality of life outcomes.Declaration of interestM.B. and J.Co. were members of the research group that developed the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation (CORE) outcome measures.
Acute wards: problems and solutions
Authors: Rix Susannah , Shepherd Geoff 
Published: January 2018

Aims and Method
To develop an evidence-based approach that supports the improvement of front-line delivery of adult acute in-patient services. Key factors of effective organisational change were identified from the literature. These were adopted as part of an ‘evidence-based service development’ programme. This approach was used by the Health Advisory Service in a project with an NHS Trust in south east England.

Results
Significant progress was made in improving the quality of local acute in-patient services.

Clinical Implications
Further development and evaluation of this approach should be undertaken, since it seems to offer significant opportunities to deliver real improvements in the quality of services.
Pollen differentiation as well as pollen tube guidance and discharge are independent of the presence of gametes
Authors: Glöckle Barbara , Urban Wojciech J. , Nagahara Shiori , Andersen Ellen D. , Higashiyama Tetsuya , Grini Paul E. , Schnittger Arp 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
After meiosis, an unequal cell division generates the male gamete lineage in flowering plants. The generative cell will undergo a second division, giving rise to the two gametes, i.e. the sperm cells. The other cell will develop into the vegetative cell that plays a crucial role in pollen tube formation and sperm delivery. Recently, the vegetative cell has been suggested to be important for programming of the chromatin state in sperm cells and/or the resulting fertilization products. Blocking the initial unequal division genetically, we first highlight that the default differentiation state after male meiosis is a vegetative fate, which is consistent with earlier work. We find that uni-nucleated mutant microspores differentiated as wild-type vegetative cells, including chromatin remodeling and the transcriptional activation of transposable elements. Moreover, live-cell imaging revealed that this vegetative cell is sufficient for the correct guidance of the pollen tube to the female gametes. Hence, we conclude that vegetative cell differentiation and function does not depend on the formation or presence of the actual gametes but rather on external signals or a cell-autonomous pace keeper.
Tks adaptor proteins at a glance
Authors: Saini Priyanka , Courtneidge Sara A. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Tyrosine kinase substrate (Tks) adaptor proteins are considered important regulators of various physiological and/or pathological processes, particularly cell migration and invasion, and cancer progression. These proteins contain PX and SH3 domains, and act as scaffolds, bringing membrane and cellular components in close proximity in structures known as invadopodia or podosomes. Tks proteins, analogous to the related proteins p47phox, p40phox and NoxO1, also facilitate local generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which aid in signaling at invadopodia and/or podosomes to promote their activity. As their name suggests, Tks adaptor proteins are substrates for tyrosine kinases, especially Src. In this Cell Science at a Glance article and accompanying poster, we discuss the known structural and functional aspects of Tks adaptor proteins. As the science of Tks proteins is evolving, this article will point out where we stand and what still needs to be explored. We also underscore pathological conditions involving these proteins, providing a basis for future research to develop therapies for treatment of these diseases.
Children’s Oxygen Administration Strategies Trial (COAST): A randomised controlled trial of high flow versus oxygen versus control in African children with severe pneumonia
Authors: Maitland Kathryn , Kiguli Sarah , Opoka Robert O. , Olupot-Olupot Peter , Engoru Charles , Njuguna Patricia , Bandika Victor , Mpoya Ayub , Bush Andrew , Williams Thomas N. , Grieve Richard , Sadique Zia , Fraser John , Harrison David , Rowan Kathy 
Published: January 2018

Background: In Africa, the clinical syndrome of pneumonia remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children in the post-neonatal period. This represents a significant burden on in-patient services. The targeted use of oxygen and simple, non-invasive methods of respiratory support may be a highly cost-effective means of improving outcome, but the optimal oxygen saturation threshold that results in benefit and the best strategy for delivery are yet to be tested in adequately powered randomised controlled trials. There is, however, an accumulating literature about the harms of oxygen therapy across a range of acute and emergency situations that have stimulated a number of trials investigating permissive hypoxia. Methods: In 4200 African children, aged 2 months to 12 years, presenting to 5 hospitals in East Africa with respiratory distress and hypoxia (oxygen saturation < 92%), the COAST trial will simultaneously evaluate two related interventions (targeted use of oxygen with respect to the optimal oxygen saturation threshold for treatment and mode of delivery) to reduce shorter-term mortality at 48-hours (primary endpoint), and longer-term morbidity and mortality to 28 days in a fractional factorial design, that compares: Liberal oxygenation (recommended care) compared with a strategy that permits hypoxia to SpO2 > or = 80% (permissive hypoxia); andHigh flow using AIrVO2TM compared with low flow delivery (routine care). Discussion: The overarching objective is to address the key research gaps in the therapeutic use of oxygen in resource-limited setting in order to provide a better evidence base for future management guidelines. The trial has been designed to address the poor outcomes of children in sub-Saharan Africa, which are associated with high rates of in-hospital mortality, 9-10% (for those with oxygen saturations of 80-92%) and 26-30% case fatality for those with oxygen saturations <80%. Clinical trial registration: ISRCTN15622505 Trial status: Recruiting
Barreiras e facilitadores para a atividade física das pessoas com déficit intelectual
Authors: Jung Laura , Marques Alexandre , Kalinoski Angélica 
Published: January 2018

O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever as barreiras e os facilitadores da prática de atividade física (AF) no tempo livre, sua influência nessa prática e o estilo de vida das pessoas com déficit intelectual (DI) inseridas nas APAES/RS. A amostra foi composta por 1191 pessoas com DI representadas pelos seus responsáveis. As barreiras e facilitadores para a prática de AF foram identificadas com questões fechadas em que o responsável respondia se o fator influencia sempre (1), influencia às vezes (2) ou não influencia (3) na prática de AF. As questões foram separadas em três dimensões que correspondiam a pessoal, ambiental e social. Como resultado verificou-se no aspecto pessoal sete facilitadores e duas barreiras, nos quais destaca-se o fato de sentir-se capaz como facilitador associado com a prática de AF; no aspecto ambiental seis facilitadores e uma barreira, sendo a companhia de pessoas próximas o principal facilitador pela associação com a prática de AF; e no aspecto social cinco facilitadores e uma barreira, no qual encontram-se a existência de locais próximos de casa e os profissionais estarem preparados para trabalhar com pessoas com DI os principais facilitadores. Conclui-se que algumas barreiras e facilitadores estão ligados ao estímulo que as pessoas recebem, pois podem despertar o gosto pela AF se houver companhia, propiciando condições para a prática devido às limitações que a maioria possui no aspecto social. Oferta de locais com qualidade para prática de AF também facilitam, o que pode ser amenizado com o investimento em políticas públicas e projetos sociais.
Current concepts for aligning knee implants: patient-specific or systematic?
Authors: Rivière Charles , Lazic Stefan , Boughton Oliver , Wiart Yann , Vïllet Loic , Cobb Justin 
Published: January 2018

Mechanical or anatomical alignment techniques create a supposedly ‘biomechanically friendly’ but often functionally limited prosthetic knee. Alternative techniques for alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) aim at being more anatomical and patient-specific, aiming to improve functional outcomes after TKA. The kinematic alignment (KA) technique for TKA has shown good early clinical outcomes. Its role in extreme anatomical variation remains to be defined. The restricted KA technique for TKA might be a reasonable option for patients with extreme anatomical variation. While unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has many advantages over TKA, the revision rate remains higher compared with TKA. One major explanation is the relative ease with which a UKA can be converted to a TKA, compared with revising a TKA. This can be considered as an additional advantage of UKA. Another reason is that surgeons favour revising a UKA to a TKA in cases of degeneration of the other femorotibial compartment rather than performing a relatively simple re-operation of the knee by doing an additional UKA (staged bi-UKA). Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3:1–6. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170021
Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Ligation in Sheep. Could These Animals be Used as Human Models for Vascular and Cerebral Research?
Authors: Podlaha Jiří , Schwanhaeuser Kräuff , Kadeřábková Tereza 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExperimental animals are still used in today’s medicine to understand better physiological or pathological processes, or to develop, for example better vascular prostheses. For that reason, these animals must show some similarities with humans, from the anatomical to the physiological point of view. When developing vascular prostheses, we have to evaluate if the graft will react in the expected way and if during experimental research there will be some factors that might influence the proper functioning of vascular prostheses in the human body. We observed the consequences of bilateral common carotid artery ligation (BCCAL) or Sham operation in seventeen healthy Merinolandschaf / Württemberg sheep, aged between 2 and 4 years, after testing new types of carbon-coated ARTECOR® and ADIPOGRAFT Ra 1vk 7/350 vascular prostheses. After the follow-up period the prostheses were extirpated, so the blood supply was provided from the vertebral arteries. Sheep in both groups were not sacrificed, but were observed for 18 months. After the observation period all sheep showed no physical or neurological changes and all are still alive. Animal responses to BCCAL are different, depending on the animal species, age, and condition. In sheep, bilateral blocking of the blood fl ow in the carotid bed seems to be conceivable since the brain was sufficiently supplied with blood from the vertebral arteries.