bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Landscapes of Long Noncoding RNAs During Early Root Development and Differentiation in Glycine max and Glycine soja
Authors: Liang Qiaoxia , Rehman Hafiz M. , Zhang Jizhou , Lam Hon‐Ming , Chan Ting‐Fung 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSoybean (Glycine max) is an important crop for its nutritional value. Its wild relative, Glycine soja, provides a valuable genetic resource for improving soybean productivity. Root development and differentiation are essential for soybean plants to take up water and nutrients, store energy and anchor themselves. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play critical roles in various biological processes. However, the spatiotemporal landscape of lncRNAs during early root development and differentiation in soybeans is scarcely characterized. Using RNA sequencing and transcriptome assembly, we identified 1578 lncRNAs in G. max and 1454 in G. soja, spanning various root portions and time points. Differential expression analysis revealed 82 and 69 lncRNAs exhibiting spatiotemporally differential expression patterns in G. max and G. soja, respectively, indicating their involvement in the early stage of root architecture formation. By elucidating multiple competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks involving lncRNAs, microRNAs and protein‐coding RNAs, we unveiled intricate regulatory mechanisms of lncRNA in early root development and differentiation. Our efforts significantly expand the transcriptome annotations of soybeans, unravel the dynamic landscapes of lncRNAs during early root development and differentiation, and provide valuable resources into the field of soybean root research.
Strategic genetic insights and integrated approaches for successful management of blackleg in canola/rapeseed farming
Authors: Rouxel Thierry , Peng Gary , Van de Wouw Angela , Larkan Nicholas J. , Borhan Hossein , Fernando W. G. Dilantha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis review describes a triumphant narrative in the battle against the devastating plant pathogen complex, Leptosphaeria maculans and L. biglobosa, and the success of the world's second‐largest oilseed crop, canola/oilseed rape. Emphasizing global collaborations, the article explores successfully mitigating this destructive disease in canola/rapeseed production across Australia, Canada and Europe. It highlights how strategies may vary between continents to adapt to specific contexts. While initial resistance (R) genes proved effective, the evolution of the pathogen under crop‐induced disease pressure led to the breakdown of these genes. Now, growers in these regions have been equipped with new tools, allowing them to make informed decisions that help to keep the disease at generally low levels. A pivotal factor in this success has been a deepened understanding of the intricate science underlying the host–pathogen interaction. Concerted efforts of individual laboratories and collaborative initiatives have played an essential role in this success, including novel methods for disease control based on extensive research that has translated into developing highly resistant varieties, enhanced pathogen monitoring, improved cultivar recommendation and integrated management strategies. The review showcases many milestone advancements, including the cloning of numerous avirulence genes within the pathogen, characterization of specific R genes, the development of various molecular tools for monitoring both pathogen and host, the introduction of groundbreaking disease management strategies such as R gene labelling, rotation and stacking, and establishment of a universal pathogen isolate collection that facilitates the exchange of information among multiple laboratories and adds a new dimension to this triumph.
Design and Demonstration of a 3D Soft-Robotics Module Based on Rolled Dielectric Elastomer Actuators (RDEAs)
Authors: Kunze Julian , Soleti Giovanni , Bruch Daniel , Rizzello Gianluca , Motzki Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As robots increasingly collaborate with humans and navigate complex, unstructured environments, soft robots have emerged as an alternative to rigid ones. These robots, partially or entirely made of compliant materials, offer enhanced adaptability and safety. Common actuation methods include pneumatics, hydraulics, shape memory alloys, and dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs).
This study introduces a bending module for a segmented soft robotics arm, actuated by rolled DEAs (RDEAs). They offer a high energy density, bandwidth, self-sensing capabilities and simple manufacturing. Our RDEAs are assembled from two sheets of 50 μm-thick silicone film with carbon-black-based electrodes, wound into a flexible roll.
The segment itself consists of two circular platforms, comprised of milled printed circuit boards (PCBs), which are connected via a custom designed low-friction ball joint. Nine RDEAs, which are actuated by a three-channel voltage amplifier, are arranged around the platform and enable controlled bending of up to 25° in all directions. A demonstrator showcases the system’s capabilities, allowing playback of prerecorded trajectories or interactive control via a game controller, which emphasizes the aspect of human-robot interaction. Future work involves stacking multiple systems to create a highly articulated soft robotics arm and adapting self-sensing and control algorithms.
Wavenumber Analysis-Based Mechanical Property Characterization for Additively Manufactured Thermoset Composites
Authors: Cai Bowen , Watts Hunter , Huberty Wayne , Shen Liang , Tian Zhenhua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Thermoset materials have begun to be applied in additive composite manufacturing due to their ability to withstand high temperatures without losing structural integrity. Meanwhile, the characterization of mechanical properties for additively manufactured composites is critical for ensuring material reliability and safety. However, traditional testing methods struggle to accurately and nondestructively characterize additively manufactured composites due to challenges posed by curing processes, microstructural variability, anisotropic properties of thermoset composites, and the risk of damaging these materials during evaluation. For characterizing the mechanical properties of additive-manufactured thermoset composites, this paper presents a novel method that combines a nondestructive PZT-LDV guided wave sensing system and a wavenumber analysis that fuses multidimensional Fourier transform with dispersion curve regression. For proof of concept, we performed an experiment using our method to measure a 3D-printed thermoset composite panel. Based on our nondestructive approach, two material properties (shear wave velocity and Poisson’s ratio) in multiple directions were successfully determined for the tested panel. We expect this research to introduce a non-contact and efficient method for characterizing various composites and monitoring their property changes after additive manufacturing.
Investigation of Different Activation Profiles During Electrical Activation of Shape-Memory Wires Regarding the Lifetime and Wire Temperature
Authors: Schmelter Tobias , Kuhlenkötter Bernd 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
For a progressive and economically viable use of Shape-Memory Alloys (SMA), it is necessary to further investigate the fatigue behavior and its influence on the lifetime of SMA. In addition to material-scientific research findings, an understanding of the influences in the field of application of SMA is necessary to increase its reliability. Especially when used as an actuator with electrical activation, high numbers of cycles are often required. One of the numerous influences on the lifetime is the type of activation of the wire, which can be carried out electrically or thermally. In the case of electrical activation, the shape of the activation profile can be varied. In addition to the step response, other profiles such as triangular profiles can be run, although in this work the focus is only on linear profiles. This varies the speed of the energy input and thus the activation behavior, which may influence the lifetime. In this publication, different activation profiles are examined regarding the thermal influence on the wire. For this purpose, these profiles are tested one after the other while the wire is monitored with a thermal imaging camera, and the respective wire temperature is recorded. The maximum temperatures reached for each activation profile are then correlated with the lifetime achieved and the stroke generated. To ensure comparability of the activation profiles, the electrical energy input is kept constant across the different activation profiles. To achieve this, the integrals of the electrical energy for the profiles are determined and calculated in advance. This results in two adaptable factors for keeping the applied energy constant for the different profiles. These factors are the maximum current and the duration of activation, whereby only one factor can be kept constant at a time. The test series are therefore carried out twice, whereby the applied energy is kept constant in both series, once with a constant activation duration of the profiles and once with a constant maximum current. Together with the reached lifetime data of the individual activation profiles, conclusions are to be drawn regarding the suitability of a respective profile for use in the field of actuators and a basic understanding of the relationship between activation profile, wire temperature, and lifetime of the wire is to be achieved.
ECCube – Small Scale Elastocaloric Cooling Demonstrator
Authors: Ehl Lukas , Scherer Nicolas , Zimmermann David , Molitor Philipp , Trofimenko Ivan , Louia Franziska , Motzki Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The excellent elastocaloric (EC) properties of Nickel-Titanium (NiTi) enable the development of sustainable and highly efficient heating and cooling systems. To showcase the realization of elastocalorics in a functional system an elastocaloric can cooler demonstrator with fixed cooling chamber is developed. The demonstrator system is based on a rotary drive design and tensile loading of Smart Material Alloys (SMAs) wire bundles, which has been presented in. In the developed demonstrator prototype, the chamber can hold a can with the size of ø 52 × 134 mm. For optimized cooling of this volume, the development process is supported by simulation. A temperature drop of around 10 K is targeted. The general specifications of the demonstrator are set to an outer system diameter of 150 mm, carrying 12 bundles of 30 SMA wires of 200 μm diameter and a length of 150 mm. In operation, the rotational frequency is set to 0.5 Hz. To use the centered space for the cooling chamber, a novel concept for air circulation is developed. By circulating the cold airflow within the cooling chamber, the inside air temperature continuously drops with each cycle. The paper gives a detailed description of the design process from simulation-based development to assembly and first measurements of an elastocaloric can cooler demonstration system.
New Concept of a Bidirectional SMA-Actuated Stepper Drive for a Hand Exoskeleton
Authors: Carabello Alina , Pagel Kenny , Drossel Welf-Guntram 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The development of an exoskeleton for the hand poses a particular challenge due to the limited installation space and complicated movement sequences. The antagonistic arrangement of two tendon systems enables a relatively natural flexion and extension of the finger with actuators. For this purpose, electromagnetic, pneumatic, or hydraulic principles, and smart materials are conventionally used. Nevertheless, these concepts are distinguished by their augmented mass and extensive spatial requirements, alongside occasional high energy consumption. Stepper drives are a promising alternative to conventional actuators, as they are characterized by both high functional density and low energy consumption.
In the following, the kinematic of a novel shape memory alloy (SMA)-actuated stepper driver for use in exoskeletons is described and analyzed. The kinematic concept is based on a bidirectional ratchet mechanism that can be used to wound and unwound the tendons on a pully for active flexion or extension of the affected finger. The mechanism can be driven bidirectionally or kept in a stable state of equilibrium without energy using two antagonistically arranged SMA actuators. Upon activation of the actuator, the lever undergoes deflection, causing the ratchet to rotate by one tooth in the direction of deflection. Upon cooling of the actuator, the system reverts to its initial equilibrium state, with the control wheel maintaining its position. This process can be iterated as necessary, with the cable being wound up or unwound accordingly. Activation of the antagonistic actuator results in a reversal of the rotation direction. The gear analysis indicates that the kinematics enable the overcoming of a finger force of approximately 25 N.
Multiphysical Design of a Chaos Generator
Authors: Marschner Uwe , Feldmann Ute , Bakardjiev Petko , Rost Gustav 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, an equivalent mechanical chaotic signal generator, based on Chua’s circuit, is analyzed using the isomorphy between electrical and mechanical systems using the structure-true “2nd” analogy. It enables a timefficient behavioral system analysis with the help of well-established network methods without the need for extensive experintal setups. The goal is to identify parameter stets of an equivalent mechanical system leading to a chaotic1 behavior and vizualize the behavior of such a system by means of a realized electromechanical setup.
Spectral Analysis of Mechanical Reservoir Computing With ReLU Spring Networks
Authors: Nelson Daniel , Kiyabu Steven , Vincent Timothy , Gillman Andrew , Criner Amanda , Buskohl Philip R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nonlinear dynamics are a pervasive phenomenon in natural and synthetic mechanical systems, which can be leveraged for novel control of vibrations and elastic wave propagation. A mechanical system with high dimensionality and nonlinear dynamics can perform information processing on the physical stimuli that act upon the system. This information processing (known as physical reservoir computing) results from the dimensional expansion that occurs in the dynamic system’s state as it reacts to the input. The enriched signal contains both nonlinear transformations as well as memory of the original input, which can be leveraged for machine learning and control applications. In this study, a two-dimensional network of nonlinear springs is studied for its capabilities as a mechanical reservoir computer. The reservoir is acted upon by a driving input force, resulting in a nonlinear, high dimensional response from the network of rectified linear unit (ReLU) springs. These ReLU springs possess bilinear force-displacement curves that resemble the leaky ReLU activation function used in neural networks. A spectral analysis is applied to understand both the dynamics and the computational capabilities of the spring reservoirs with different nonlinearities. Specifically, the frequency content of each reservoir was compared against that of the input signal and the output target. Reservoir computing performance of fitting the target output function improved when the spectral content of the system dynamics aligned with the spectral content of the target. We further analyzed the relationship between noise and number of readouts to investigate potential trade-offs in the selection and quantity of readouts.
Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs)-Based Solution of the Lamb Wave Dispersion Equation for Isotropic Plates
Authors: Liu Hongye , Wang Rong , Huang Ziqi , Sun Maoxun , Li Jiali , Wang Zhide , Tian Zhenhua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Dispersion characterization is crucial for nondestructive testing (NDT) and structural health monitoring (SHM). To understand the propagation of dispersive Lamb waves in isotropic plates, this paper presents physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to calculate the frequency-wave number domain dispersion curves of Lamb waves propagating in aluminum plates. Considering the physical properties, boundary conditions, and wave equations of isotropic metal plates, the dispersion equation for the propagation of Lamb waves in an aluminum plate is derived. Then a deep neural network is constructed using PINNs to obtain the solution of the wave equation, which enables the network to satisfy both data fitting and physical constraints by fusing the priori information of the dispersion equation. To verify the accuracy of the PINNs algorithm, the solutions are compared with those of the Legendre orthogonal polynomial expansion method. The results of this study reveal that the PINNs-based approach has the ability to solve the dispersion relations of Lamb waves in isotropic plates. In our future research, we will extend the PINNs-based algorithm to the solving of wave equations of guided waves in complex structures such as anisotropic composites and arbitrary cross-sectioned waveguides.
Analytical Modeling of a Generalized Multi-Cell Lithium-Ion Battery Multimorph Actuator
Authors: Herrod Austin , LeBlanc Bryan , Gonzalez Cody 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Actuators are fundamental components of modern technology. With the proper inclusion of silicon in a composite anode, a lithium-ion battery can be adapted for use as a self-powered actuator. Lithium-ion battery actuators have the potential to yield quieter and self-powered actuation, which can lead to the development and possible revolutionization of modern actuators.
This paper further generalizes the analytical modeling of a lithium-ion battery actuator composed of any number of cathode-anode pairs (CAP) or complete lithium-ion battery cells. Relevant applications include actuator cases which require precise, constant, or silent actuation. Some suggested use cases include underwater soft robotics, and rehabilitative equipment such as active compression sleeves or exoskeleton-based robotics.
Two distinct cases in the literature, 13- and 33-layers, have predicted the actuator metrics of a lithium-ion battery actuator, such as free deflection and blocked force [1–3]. However, these models were not sufficiently generalized to show these metrics for a battery actuator beyond a 2-CAP or 6-CAP case without explicitly providing parameters for a particular case. This research generalizes the pattern required to generate the parameters of the 13-layer and 33-layer case studies and creates a generalized code to predict the actuator metrics of a lithium-ion battery actuator composed of (NCAP) number of cathode-anode pairs. The improved simulations account for such characteristics and properly visualize the requested battery actuator’s properties. The modeling of multiple case studies will enable further study for maximizing metrics such as free deflection, blocked force (or zero tip deflection), and actuator energy (or the ability to do useful work).
MATLAB is used to create an algorithm that can provide the actuator metrics and order for any size matrix of N-CAPs, and subsequently determine the metrics associated with a change in the State of Charge (SOC) of the battery actuator. The developed N-CAP functions in this paper can be used to predict and validate the performance of a lithium-ion battery actuator through modeling of useful actuator metrics.
Programming of Nonlinear Heterogeneous Metamaterial for Shock and Vibration
Authors: Zhao Qianyu , Tao Hongcheng , Gibert James M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A digitally encoded mechanical metamaterial utilizing selective insertion of rigid elements into an elastomeric matrix achieves programmable stiffness based on geometric patterns. Beyond the linear behavior, interests are developed towards the nonlinear stiffness region to extend the application of such metamaterials from vibration isolation to shock mitigation. A 12-unit-cell prototype is constructed and experimentally characterized under compression and drop tests, yielding the stress-strain curves and energy absorption capabilities of all independent geometric patterns identified, respectively, with validation by finite-element analysis. The versatility of the metamaterial is illustrated via a categorization of its pattern-dependent responses.
Factors Informing Training Load During the Transition From Club to National Football Teams
Authors: Gould Joshua J , Clements Ewan , Ehrmann Fabian , Duffield Rob 
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study examined the relationship of precamp match exposure, travel demands, perceptual wellness, and musculoskeletal screening with ensuing training load (TL) during national-team (NT) duties for international footballers (soccer). Methods: Match minutes and days since last match prior to NT arrival were collected for match exposure. Travel duration and time-zone difference were included as travel demands. Perceptual fatigue, soreness, sleep quality, and stress scores were collected via self-report questionnaire on arrival to NT. Musculoskeletal testing on day 1 of NT included knee to wall and hip internal and external rotation. Relative TL across the first 3 days of NT camp was measured via total distance, high-speed running distance, very high-speed running distance, and accelerations and decelerations per minute. Linear mixed models determined the influence of independent variables on respective TL metrics, with the player included as a random effect. Results: Total distance, high-speed running, very high-speed running, and decelerations per minute were all highest on day 3 (P < .001). Small relationships existed (R2 < .15) between decreased total distance per minute and increased soreness (P = .037), while decreased high-speed running per minute was associated with increased fatigue (P = .017). Small associations existed between decreased accelerations per minute, increased hip internal rotation (P < .001), fatigue (P = .033), and knee to wall (P = .016), while decreased decelerations per minute were associated with increased soreness (P = .001), knee to wall (P = .024), and days between recent match and arrival (P = .003). Conclusions: Very small relationships existed between fatigue, soreness, musculoskeletal screening, and prior match exposure with TL. The larger influence of camp day suggests that deliberate periodization of training is a major factor for prescription on arrival into NT duties.