bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel insights into the role of immunomodulatory extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis
Authors: Li Jiaxuan , Yuan Yue , Fu Qinggang , Chen Min , Liang Huifang , Chen Xiaoping , Long Xin , Zhang Bixiang , Zhao Jianping , Chen Qian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLiver fibrosis, a chronic and long-term disease, can develop into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and ultimately lead to liver failure. Early diagnosis and effective treatment still face significant challenges. Liver inflammation leads to liver fibrosis through continuous activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and the accumulation of immune cells. Intracellular communication among various immune cells is important for mediating the inflammatory response during fibrogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed particles naturally secreted by cells, make great contributions to cell-cell communication and the transport of bioactive molecules. Nearly all the cells that participate in liver fibrosis release EVs loaded with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. EVs from hepatocytes, immune cells and stem cells are involved in mediating the inflammatory microenvironment of liver fibrosis. Recently, an increasing number of extracellular vesicle-based clinical applications have emerged, providing promising cell-free diagnostic and therapeutic tools for liver fibrosis because of their crucial role in immunomodulation during pathogenesis. The advantages of extracellular vesicle-based therapies include stability, biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and minimal immunogenicity, which highlight their great potential for drug delivery and specific treatments for liver fibrosis. In this review, we summarize the complex biological functions of EVs in the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and evaluate the potential of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of liver fibrosis.
Comparative analysis of pre-operative findings and post-operative outcomes in primary and secondary macular holes at a tertiary eye hospital in South India
Authors: Darade Shubham , Kathare Rupal , Choudhary Ayushi , Sehgal Gaurang , Chhablani Jay , Godani Kanika , Yadav Naresh Kumar , Gandhi Priyanka , Hande Prathiba , Mangla Rubble , Prabhu Vishma , Venkatesh Ramesh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to compare demographics, clinical characteristics, and post-surgical outcomes between idiopathic and secondary full-thickness macular holes (MHs).

Methods
A retrospective analysis of 348 eyes from 339 patients treated between June 2017 and December 2023 was conducted. The study included both idiopathic and secondary MHs, excluding cases where surgery was not performed or lacked sufficient follow-up. Demographic data, visual acuity (VA), ocular characteristics, and optical coherence tomography measurements were analyzed.

Results
Idiopathic MHs were identified in 308 eyes (89%), and secondary MHs in 40 eyes (11%). Idiopathic MH patients were older (mean age: 68.26 vs. 60.13 years; p = 0.001) and more commonly female (63% vs. 40%; p = 0.005). Post-surgical closure was achieved in 86% of all MHs, with a median VA improvement of 15 ETDRS letters (3 Snellen lines). However, secondary MHs had a lower closure rate (67% vs. 89%, p = 0.001) and less VA improvement (2 lines vs. 3 lines, p = 0.001) compared to idiopathic MHs. Significant differences in maximal basal diameter and diameter hole index were noted between the groups.

Conclusions
Secondary MHs, accounting for 11% of surgical cases, show poorer anatomical and visual outcomes than idiopathic MHs. Despite lower success rates, early surgical intervention in secondary MHs is recommended to enhance outcomes. Differentiating between idiopathic and secondary MHs is crucial for optimal management.
Association of volatile substance, nitrous oxide and alkyl nitrate use with mental health in UK adolescents
Authors: Hawkins Jemma , Hines Lindsey A. , Bonell Chris , Hickman Matthew , Adara Linda , Townson Julia , Cannings-John Rebecca , Moore Laurence , White James 
Published: October 2024

Background‘Inhalants’ have been associated with poorer mental health in adolescence, but little is known of associations with specific types of inhalants.AimsWe aimed to investigate associations of using volatile substances, nitrous oxide and alkyl nitrates with mental health problems in adolescence.MethodWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from 13- to 14-year-old adolescents across England and Wales collected between September 2019 and March 2020. Multilevel logistic regression examined associations between lifetime use of volatile substances, nitrous oxide and alkyl nitrates with self-reported symptoms of probable depression, anxiety, conduct disorder and auditory hallucinations.ResultsOf the 6672 adolescents in the study, 5.1% reported use of nitrous oxide, 4.9% volatile solvents and 0.1% alkyl nitrates. After accounting for multiple testing, adolescents who had used volatile solvents were significantly more likely to report probable depressive (odds ratio = 4.59, 95% CI 3.58, 5.88), anxiety (odds ratio = 3.47, 95% CI 2.72, 4.43) or conduct disorder (odds ratio = 7.52, 95% CI 5.80, 9.76) and auditory hallucinations (odds ratio = 5.35, 95% CI 4.00, 7.17) than those who had not. Nitrous oxide use was significantly associated with probable depression and conduct disorder but not anxiety disorder or auditory hallucinations. Alkyl nitrate use was rare and not associated with mental health outcomes. Adjustment for use of other inhalants, tobacco and alcohol resulted in marked attenuation but socioeconomic disadvantage had little effect.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this study provides the first general population evidence that volatile solvents and nitrous oxide are associated with probable mental health disorders in adolescence. These findings require replication, ideally with prospective designs.
Impaired Suppression of Plasma Lipid Extraction and Its Partitioning Away From Muscle by Insulin in Humans With Obesity
Authors: Katsanos Christos S , Tran Lee , Hoffman Nyssa , Roust Lori R , De Filippis Eleanna , Mandarino Lawrence J , Johnsson Kailin , Belohlavek Marek , Buras Matthew R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
Humans with obesity and insulin resistance exhibit lipid accumulation in skeletal muscle, but the underlying biological mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of lipid in the muscle of these individuals remain unknown.

Objective
We investigated how plasma insulin modulates the extraction of circulating triglycerides (TGs) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) from ingested and endogenous origin in the muscle of lean, insulin-sensitive humans (Lean-IS) and contrasted these responses to those in humans with obesity and insulin resistance (Obese-IR).

Methods
The studies were performed in a postprandial state associated with steady-state plasma TG concentrations. The arterio-venous blood sampling technique was employed to determine the extraction of circulating lipids across the forearm muscle before and after insulin infusion. We distinguished the kinetics of TGs and NEFAs from ingested origin from those from endogenous origin across muscle by incorporating stable isotope-labeled triolein in the ingested fat.

Results
Insulin infusion rapidly suppressed the extraction of plasma TGs from endogenous but not ingested origin in the muscle of the Lean-IS, but this response was absent in the muscle of the Obese-IR. Furthermore, in the muscle of the Lean-IS, insulin infusion decreased the extraction of circulating NEFAs from both ingested and endogenous origin; however, this response was absent for NEFAs from ingested origin in the muscle of the Obese-IR subjects.

Conclusion
Partitioning of circulating lipids away from the skeletal muscle when plasma insulin increases during the postprandial period is impaired in humans with obesity and insulin resistance.
Co-occurrence of psychopathological symptom severity and personality predisposition in post-traumatic stress disorder in patients several months after hospitalisation due to COVID-19
Authors: Bętkowska-Korpała Barbara , Olszewska-Turek Katarzyna , Pastuszak-Draxler Anna , Laskowska-Wronarowicz Anna , Walczewska Jolanta , Starowicz-Filip Anna , Dudek Dominika 
Published: October 2024

Cel pracyCelem badania było ustalenie współwystępowania objawów psychopatologicznych i predyspozycji osobowościowych w zespole stresu pourazowego (PTSD) i jego wymiarów kilka miesięcy po hospitalizacji pacjentów z ciężkim COVID-19 w okresie 2 i 3 fali epidemii.MetodaBadanie przeprowadzono w grupie 138 osób, w okresie 7-8 miesięcy po hospitalizacji z powodu Covid-19. Badani wypełniali kwestionariusze PCL-5 i TIPI oraz skale HADS i AIS. W modelach zastosowano analizę korelacji oraz analizę krokowej regresji wielokrotnej, w których zmiennymi niezależnymi były: stres, lęk, depresja i zaburzenia snu a zależnymi PTSD i jego wymiary.Wyniki22,5% pacjentów spełniło kryteria PTSD. Kobiety i mężczyźni nie różnili się pod względem nasilenia lęku, depresji, zaburzeń snu, dystresu oraz PTSD. Z nasileniem PTSD współwystępowały: lęk, zaburzenia snu, depresja. Wszystkie wymiary PTSD były powiązane z lękiem. Intruzja i Zmiany w pobudzeniu i reaktywności były powiązane z zaburzeniami snu. Zmiany w pobudzeniu i reaktywności były powiązane z subiektywną oceną dystresu. Negatywnych zmiany w funkcjonowaniu poznawczym i nastroju były powiązane z depresją oraz niskim poziom ekstrawersji.WnioskiIstnieje współwystępowanie nasilenia objawów psychopatologicznych takich jak lęk, depresja, dystres i zaburzenia snu z nasileniem PTDS i jego wymiarów wśród pacjentów, którzy przeszli w nieodległej przeszłości ciężkie zachorowanie na Covid-19.
Czynnikiem chroniącym przed PTSD po hospitalizacji jest wyższy poziom ekstrawersji. Obecność nasilenia stresu oraz któregokolwiek z badanych objawów obserwowanych u Pacjenta w trakcie kontrolnej wizyty lekarskiej sugeruje konieczność pogłębienia diagnozy w kierunku szerszego wymiaru trudności w postaci PTSD u chorych, którzy byli hospitalizowani z powodu COVID-19 i wdrożenia specjalistycznej psychiatryczno-psychologicznej pomocy.
Impact of Co-Management Mode on Diagnosis and Treatment Compliance in Community-Level Diabetic Patients with Retinopathy
Authors: Zhang Xia , Wu Yanjuan , Shi Hong , Wang Hongying , Lan Xiaochun , Ren Yuezhong , Tong Yihan 
Published: October 2024

Aims/Background To implement a co-management mode among community-level diabetes patients and analyze its impact on diagnosis and treatment compliance and diabetic retinopathy of the patients. Methods A total of 80 patients who underwent diabetic retinopathy examination in Lanxi People’s Hospital from January 2021 to March 2022 were retrospectively selected as the study objects. The clinical data of the patients were analyzed, including 40 patients who adopted the conventional diabetes management mode from January 2021 to August 2021 as the control group. From September 2021 to March 2022, 40 patients in the county medical service community diabetes management team model were adopted as the management group. The two groups of patients were compared in terms of diabetic retinopathy indictors, biochemical examination indicators, self-management ability, and nursing management satisfaction. Results Number of patients complying with treatment protocols in the management group was higher than that in the control group (p < 0.05). The blood spot area, macular thickness, hemangioma volume, and visual-field grayscale value in the management group at the last follow-up were all lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The levels of diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in the management group at the last follow-up were all lower than those in the control group (p < 0.05). The scores of disease cognition ability, self-management ability, and nursing management satisfaction in the management group were all higher than those in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion By changing management concept and implementing the whole-process management and treatment mode for diabetic patients within the scope of the county medical service community, the diagnosis and treatment compliance of the patients can be improved, and the effective control of blood glucose, blood pressure, and blood lipid levels can be achieved, thereby improving the self-management ability and nursing management satisfaction of the patients and providing a new nursing mode for chronic disease management.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram Prediction Model for Moderate-to-Severe Acute Radiation Dermatitis in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Cui Na , Wu Jia , Zhang Xinchun , Pu Yingna , Zhao Bei , Han Tingting , Chen Ling 
Published: October 2024

Aims/Background Acute radiation dermatitis is the most common complication of radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer, with mild severity relieved by symptomatic treatment and moderate-to-severe severity leading to compromised skin integrity and affecting the patient's quality of life. Therefore, this study aims to develop a prediction model for moderate-to-severe acute radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer to reduce its severity. Methods A retrospective analysis of 713 patients receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer at the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2019 to December 2023 was conducted, with January 2019 to December 2021 serving as the training group (497 patients) and January 2022 to December 2023 serving as the validation group (216 patients). Patients in the training group were classified as having mild (383 patients) or moderately severe (114 patients) acute radiation dermatitis. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the independent effects on moderately severe acute radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer, and a predictive model of the bar-folding plot was constructed and validated. Results Univariable analysis revealed that age, body mass index, targeted therapy, oral tamoxifen use, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, positive regional lymph node metastasis, value-added index, and triple-negative breast cancer were factors influencing moderate-to-severe acute radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer. Multivariate analysis showed that body mass index, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, positive regional lymph node metastasis, and value-added index were independent influencing factors for moderate-to-severe acute radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer. A nomogram prediction model was constructed, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the model was 0.814 and 0.743 for internal and external validation, respectively. The calibration curve showed that the model predicted moderate-to-severe acute radiation dermatitis better, and the decision curve analysis curve showed that the model had a high clinical benefit. Conclusion This risk prediction model can predict moderate-to-severe acute radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer, and help clinical providers screen high-risk patients and reduce acute radiation dermatitis severity.
Optimizing the Tensile and Flexural Properties of Flax/Sisal with SiO2 Nanocomposites Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: M. Vanitha Lakshmi  , G. Aloy Anuja Mary  , I. Chandra  , E. Sivanantham  , N. Bharatha Devi  
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to examine the impact of fiber orientation on the tensile and flexural strengths of composites composed of Flax and sisal fibers, particularly at orientations of 0, 45, and 90 degrees. Furthermore, the research sought to determine the most effective parameters for the treatment process. The researchers utilized Response Surface Methodology (RSM) in conjunction with Central Composite Designs (CCD) to develop and analyze their studies. The main objective was to enhance crucial variables such as fiber alignment and the proportions of flax and sisal fibers. Quadratic models were employed in this study to forecast the tensile and bending characteristics of the materials. The best tensile strength (TS) was reached by meticulously experimenting with the fiber orientation and altering the amounts of flax and sisal fibers. The most effective parameter was a fiber orientation of 0 degrees, with a combination of flax and sisal fibers at a concentration of 60 percent each. Under these circumstances, the composite exhibited a significant improvement of 35% in tensile strength and 26% in bending strength when compared to the lowest values achieved with RSM optimization. The notable enhancements demonstrate that aligning the fibers can effectively increase the tensile and flexural strength (FS) and strengthen the bonding between natural fibers and polymer matrix structures.
Influences of hybrid fiber on functional and drilling characteristics study of polymer hybrid Nanocomposite
Authors: N. Lenin Rakesh  , K. Selvakumar  , V. Mohanavel  
Published: October 2024

The severe environmental pollution related to the manufacturing, recycling and disposal of metal-based and synthetic fiber-based composites has a major impact on human and animal life. A wide range of studies are conducted on alternative materials in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Various industries are focusing on using natural fibers from banana, jute, coir, hemp, pineapple, areca, kenaf, Sterculia foetida and Delonix regia that are the key sources of different components for developing nanocomposites. Drilling is a vital factor in the assembly process of composites. The amorphous structure of the natural fibers causes the formation of cracks at the entry and exit sides of the drilled hole. So, in the present work a nanocomposite was synthesized and optimized the machining parameters, which affect the surface finish of the hole at the entry, exit and inner surface of the drilled hole. The effect of the hybridization of glass fiber with the pineapple leaf fiber and areca fiber was studied in terms of tensile properties, delamination around the hole and surface roughness. The microstructure of the holes was studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy.
Periodontitis and pre-eclampsia among pregnant women in Rwanda: A case-control study
Authors: Gatarayiha Agnes , Ntaganira Joseph , Brookes Zoe , Mutesa Léon , Gustafsson Anders , Rulisa Stephen 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Several studies have indicated that the presence of periodontitis during pregnancy could increase the risk of developing pre-eclampsia, thereby negatively influencing pregnancy outcomes for both the mother and child. Notably, despite the high prevalence of both periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes in Rwanda, there exists a crucial evidence gap concerning the precise relationship between periodontitis and pre-eclampsia.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess the association between periodontitis and pre-eclampsia amongst pregnant women in Rwanda.

Methods and materials
Employing an unmatched 1:2 case-control design, we studied 52 pre-eclamptic and 104 non-pre-eclamptic pregnant women aged ≥18 years at two referral hospitals in Rwanda. Pre-eclampsia was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 and diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg, diagnosed after 20 weeks of gestation and proteinuria of ≥300mL in 24 hours of urine collection. Periodontitis was defined as the presence of two or more teeth with one or more sites with a pocket depth ≥ 4mm and clinical attachment loss >3 mm at the same site, assessed through clinical attachment loss measurement. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to estimate Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence interval.

Results
The prevalence of periodontitis was significantly higher among women with pre-eclampsia, compared to pregnant women without pre-eclampsia, at 90.4% and 55.8%, respectively (p< 0.001). Pregnant Women with periodontitis were 3.85 times more likely to develop pre-eclampsia after controlling for relevant confounders (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] = 3.85, 95%CI = 1.14–12.97, p<0.05).

Conclusion
This study results indicates that periodontitis is significantly associated with pre-eclampsia among pregnant women in Rwanda. These findings suggest that future research should explore whether enhancing periodontal health during pregnancy could contribute to reducing pre-eclampsia in this specific population.
Development and Validation of a Pediatric Celiac Disease-Specific Quality of Life Measure
Authors: Coburn Shayna , Trojanowski Paige J. , Vagadori Jack , Hinds Pamela , Germone Monique , Liu Edwin , Streisand Randi , Bost James 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Quality of life (QOL) is critical in screening and management of chronic medical conditions, including celiac disease (CD). The aim of this project was to develop a CD-specific pediatric QOL measure (Celiac Disease Life Inventory of Family Experiences [CDLIFE]) with parallel self-report and parent-report forms by generating items through concept elicitation interviews, iterative refinement using cognitive debriefing interviews, and evaluating its psychometric properties and validity.

METHODS:
Concept elicitation interviews were conducted to develop items (9 youth ages 8–19 years with CD; 10 parents of youth with CD), followed by cognitive interviews with additional stakeholders (3 youth with CD, 3 parents, and 8 clinicians) and item administration (parent/youth reports: n = 103/102). Analyses included response frequencies, internal consistency reliability, exploratory factor analyses, and correlations with related measures (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory, and Gluten-Free Diet-Visual Analog Scale).

RESULTS:
From concept elicitation interviews, 42 youth and 45 parent items were developed. Cognitive debriefing interviews yielded 36 refined items. Psychometric analyses identified 15 items to remove due to ceiling/floor effects, poor item-to-test correlations, and youth-parent mismatch or conceptual mismatch. Total score internal consistency was high (αs = 0.89–0.90). A 4-factor model solution had the best fit (Social Impact, External Support, Adaptive Vigilance, Eating Behaviors/Adjustment) with a fifth single-item domain (Financial Resources). The final CDLIFE (21 items) total scores correlated with most related measures in expected directions for parent and youth forms.

DISCUSSION:
The CDLIFE may facilitate insight into CD-specific QOL for youth ages 2–18 years, capturing important dimensions of physical and socioemotional health. Administering the CDLIFE will help identify and track families needing support.
Latvian Research Libraries from the 1980s to the Present
Authors: Vilks Andris , Dreimane Jana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article explores the evolution of Latvia’s leading research libraries from the final decade of Soviet occupation to the present day. After the Soviet time, libraries have undergone great changes and have become modern, multifunctional cultural, educational, and research centres responding to the needs and expectations of society. The article focuses on the National Library of Latvia, centre of the Latvian library system since its foundation in 1919. The State Unified Library Information System has modernised the entire network of publicly accessible libraries. Twelve major libraries have been involved in developing the electronic catalogue. Work on the Latvian National Digital Library has been ongoing since 2006. The Latvian Government’s decision in 2002 to build a new National Library (opened in 2014) has also spurred on the renovation or construction of many other libraries in Latvia.