bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paramedic management of out-of-hospital postpartum haemorrhage with TXA
Authors: Wren James 
Published: September 2017

Background: As a result of some of the factors discussed within this systematic review, UK Paramedics are more likely to manage postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) within the out-of-hospital setting. This systematic review attempts to address the question: ‘Is it suitable for TXA to be implemented within the UK paramedic management of out-of-hospital PPH?’ Methods: Randomised control trials (RCTs) focusing on the effect of TXA upon blood loss during PPH were included within this review. A search strategy was created and applied to databases. Critical analysis of the included studies was carried out, and data were presented within tabular format and discussed through the use of narrative synthesis. Results: Eight RCTs were included within this systematic review. All studies found a significant reduction in the volume of blood loss during PPH when TXA was administered. Discussion: Although TXA was found to significantly reduce the volume of blood loss during PPH, existing evidence is insufficient to support its use within the UK paramedic out-of-hospital management of PPH. Without the presence of studies which are solely focused on the target population, it is difficult to generalise the findings directly to the UK out-of-hospital paramedic management of PPH. This systematic review does however support and supplement the findings of past and current research based upon the relationship between TXA and PPH.
Dywersyfikacja instytucjonalna i autonomia uczelni oraz ich miary
Authors: Banyś Wiesław 
Published: September 2017

Artykuł omawia kwestie zróżnicowania instytucjonalnego i autonomii uczelni oraz możliwe miary ich mierzenia. Przedstawiono w nim powody potrzeby zwiększania zróżnicowania instytucjonalnego i jego różne typy, w tym ważne rozróżnienie między zróżnicowaniem zewnętrznym i wewnętrznym. Specjalny nacisk położono na konieczność zastosowania zróżnicowania do samego pojęcia zróżnicowania, co prowadzi m.in. do wydobycia konieczności mówienia o zróżnicowanej doskonałości uczelni w zależności od przyjętych misji i strategii. W tym kontekście omówiono różne aspekty możliwych podziałów uczelni, np. na co najmniej trzy typy, w rodzaju mniej lub bardziej propozycji przedłożonych przez Marka Kwieka i Zespół. Przedstawiono także potrzebę wprowadzenia do przygotowywanej ustawy nowego pojęcia zgrupowań uczelnianych, takiego jak we Francji, federacji uniwersytetów/uniwersytetu federacyjnego, między zwykłymi związkami uczelni a ich fuzją. Kwestia zróżnicowania instytucjonalnego jest ściśle związana z autonomią (jej stopniem) uniwersytetów, w normalnej sytuacji bowiem autonomia uniwersytetów jest warunkiem ich zróżnicowania instytucjonalnego. Omówiono także kwestię autonomii uniwersytetów i podkreślono fakt, że autonomia i deregulacja wzajemnie się warunkują. Różne stopnie autonomii uniwersytetów europejskich, analizowane w EUA Autonomy Scoreboard, pokrótce przedstawiono, a nacisk położono na różnice w tym względzie między uczelniami polskimi i brytyjskimi (w szczególności angielskimi). Podkreślono, że konieczne jest wzięcie pod uwagę powyższych okoliczności i przygotowanie odpowiednich ram prawnych dla większego zróżnicowania instytucjonalnego polskich uczelni i ich większej autonomii w przygotowywanej aktualnie Ustawie 2.0.
The LRP1 gene polymorphism is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome prevalence in the Serbian population
Authors: Vučinić N , Stokić E , Djan I , Obreht D , Veličković N , Stankov K , Djan M 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The determination of genetic background in metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents one of the necessary steps to prevent the disorder, thus reducing the cost of medical treatments and helping to design targeted therapy. The study explores the association between individual alleles of the LRP1 gene and the diagnosis of MetS to find correlation between the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related (LRP1) gene polymorphism and each individual anthropometric and biochemical parameter. The study included 93 males and females, aged from 19 to 65, divided into two groups. The genotype of each person was determined from the restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) profile. Results indicated the association of the T allele form of exon 3 LRP1 gene with development and progression of MetS that further pointed out its negative impact on tested anthropometric and biochemical parameters. The presence of the T allele in patients multiplies the chance of occurrence of deviations from the reference values of body mass index (BMI), (4.24-fold) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (20.26-fold) compared to C allele carriers. The results showed that T allele presence multiplies the chance (4.76 fold) for the occurrence of MetS in comparison to C allele carriers. Correlation found that the T allele of the LRP1 gene with MetS determinants is not negligible, therefore, the T allele may be considered as a risk factor for MetS development.
Genetic analyses of the NF1 gene in Turkish neurofibromatosis type I patients and definition of three novel variants
Authors: Ulusal SD , Gürkan H , Atlı E , Özal SA , Çiftdemir M , Tozkır H , Karal Y , Güçlü H , Eker D , Görker I 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Neurofibromatosis Type I (NF1) is a multi systemic autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder predisposing patients to have benign and/or malignant lesions predominantly of the skin, nervous system and bone. Loss of function mutations or deletions of the NF1 gene is responsible for NF1 disease. Involvement of various pathogenic variants, the size of the gene and presence of pseudogenes makes it difficult to analyze. We aimed to report the results of 2 years of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and next generation sequencing (NGS) for genetic diagnosis of NF1 applied at our genetic diagnosis center. The MLPA, semiconductor sequencing and Sanger sequencing were performed in genomic DNA samples from 24 unrelated patients and their affected family members referred to our center suspected of having NF1. In total, three novel and 12 known pathogenic variants and a whole gene deletion were determined. We suggest that next generation sequencing is a practical tool for genetic analysis of NF1. Deletion/duplication analysis with MLPA may also be helpful for patients clinically diagnosed to carry NF1 but do not have a detectable mutation in NGS.
Molecular and immunohistochemical characteristics of complete hydatidiform moles
Authors: Kubelka-Sabit KB , Prodanova I , Jasar D , Bozinovski G , Filipovski V , Drakulevski S , Plaseska-Karanfilska D 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Molar pregnancy is a gestational trophoblastic disease that belongs to the category of precancerous lesions. On the other end of the spectrum are gestational trophoblastic neoplasms such as invasive mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor, which are considered malignant tumors. Based on defined histopathological criteria, molar pregnancy is divided into partial and complete hydatidiform mole. Especially in the case of early complete mole, the diagnosis can be quite challenging and often necessitates additional molecular or immunohistochemical methods. The aim of this study was to assess the importance of additional molecular and immunohistochemical methods to accurately diagnose complete hydatidiform mole and to stress the importance of correct diagnosis and close follow-up of these patients. A total of 367 consecutive cases of spontaneous abortion were analyzed in a 3-year period. Eight cases with histopathological diagnosis of complete molar pregnancy were selected for further analysis. Apart from standard microscopic analysis, additional molecular and immunohistochemical analyses were performed in all eight cases. Most of the histopathological characteristics of complete molar pregnancy were present in all cases, together with complete absence of positivity for the p57 immunohistochemical marker in the cytotrophoblasts and villous stromal cells. The molecular analysis revealed androgenetic diploidy in seven cases and biparental diploidy in one case with more than three consecutive complete molar pregnancies. Additional immunohistochemical and molecular methods can considerably aid in the correct diagnosis of molar pregnancy.
Language Attitude Education as ICC Facilitation: An Explorative Class
Authors: Xuan Zheng , Yihong Gao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper reports the design, implementation, and outcome of an action research. The research aimed to examine and improve college students’ attitudes towards varieties of World Englishes through a mild intervention in an intercultural communication class. Viewing education as a means to facilitate Intercultural Communication Competence (ICC), of which language attitude was an integral part, the study designed a four-step pedagogical intervention to help students become more open and critical of their attitudes. The four pedagogical steps included language attitude elicitation, deconstruction, reconstruction, and creative solutions to communicative problems. The study found that students largely had conservative language attitudes and prejudices to start with. After the intervention, over 40% of the students acquired more open language attitudes, while some remained ambivalent about embracing linguistic diversity, and a small number of students maintained their previous conservative attitudes. Challenges of attitude change and language attitude education are discussed.
Multi-Faceted Morphological Awareness and Vocabulary Knowledge in English as a Second Language Learners: A Multivariate Analysis
Authors: Haomin Zhang , Bilü Zhuang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the role of morphological awareness in ESL vocabulary acquisition. Participants were 198 Chinese college students enrolled in a joint program which required them to study in China for the first two years and then study in the U.K. to complete their degrees. They completed a total of four paper-and-pencil tests: morpheme discrimination, morpheme recognition, vocabulary size test (VST) and word associates test (WAT) tests. We drew upon path analysis to explore the interconnected relationships among multiple explanatory variables (facets of morphological awareness) and outcome variables (facets of vocabulary knowledge). The results demonstrated that English derivational awareness was strongly predictive of both ESL vocabulary breadth and ESL vocabulary depth, and that preexisting ESL vocabulary breadth could enhance the relation between derivational awareness and ESL vocabulary depth. To summarize, these results indicate that an improved English derivational awareness not only helps to expand ESL vocabulary size but can also consolidate learners’ deep understanding of word properties, which will in turn assist them to establish connections with other associative words and phrases.
Visualizing the Knowledge Domain of Humor Processing: A Scientometric Review (2000-2016)
Authors: Hanning Guo , Huili Wang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe scientific literature of humor processing between 2000 and 2016 was reviewed by means of scientometric methods. The clustered and visualized document co-citation network of the humor processing knowledge domain was analyzed in terms of common topics and content of co-cited references. Emerging trends of humor processing were detected through reference citation bursts. The combined dataset of 816 bibliographic records and 42,687 references was compiled through a basic topic search. In order to ensure adequate coverage of the field, the search was expanded to include literature that referenced literature found in the initial basic topic search. Results produced a document co-citation network of humor processing with ten clusters, which showed that social cognition and fMRI study both served as important foundations for work in this knowledge domain. Personality studies in humor processing as well as research about the right hemisphere’s role in humor processing also received considerable attention. These key areas of study accounted for 4 clusters. The remaining six clusters included studies on sexual selection, figurative language, prejudice, facial expression, sleep deprivation and infant humor perception associated with the knowledge domain. In this study, burst detection in references revealed topics of high interest to researchers as well as emerging trends in humor processing research.
Wo der Schmerz in das Bewusstsein tritt: das thalamo-kortikale System bei der Schmerzverarbeitung
Authors: Groh Alexander , Mease Rebecca , Krieger Patrik 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Übersetzung von schmerzhaften Reizen in Schmerzempfindungen wird durch mehrere periphere und zentrale Signalwege des Nervensystems verwirklicht. Man nimmt heute an, dass die Organisation dieser Signalwege die beiden Hauptfunktionen der Schmerzwahrnehmung wiederspiegeln: die Bewertung von schmerzhaften Reizen (wo, was, wie stark) und die Generierung negativer Emotionen. Experimentelle Befunde deuten darauf hin, dass aufsteigende Schmerzsignale über zwei Hauptwege im thalamokortikalen (TK) System verlaufen, die diese beiden Funktionen erfüllen. Wir diskutieren daher hier die strukturellen und funktionellen Befunde, die zu der Auffassung führten, dass diskriminierende Schmerzbewertung im lateralen TK-Weg ausgeführt wird, während der mediale TK-Weg schmerzassoziierte aversive Emotionen generiert. Obwohl der Schwerpunkt dieses Übersichtsartikels auf akuter Schmerzverarbeitung liegt, gehen wir zum Schluss darauf ein, wie Veränderungen in diesen Signalwegen zu pathologischen Schmerzempfindungen bei Menschen und Tiermodellen führen können.
Neue Einsichten in die spinalen und peripheren Signalwege der Schmerzentstehung
Authors: Lechner Stefan G. 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Schmerzhafte oder potenziell gewebeschädigende Reize werden von primären sensorischen Afferenzen detektiert, die sowohl die Haut als auch innere Gewebe innervieren. Die Nervenzellen, denen diese Afferenzen entspringen, liegen in den Hinterwurzelganglien (DRGs) und übermitteln die sensorische Information an das Rückenmark, wo diese verarbeitet und an das Gehirn weitergeleitet wird, wo letztendlich das Gefühl von Schmerz entsteht. Ziel dieses Übersichtsartikels ist, einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Arten sensorischer Afferenzen sowie deren Rolle in der Schmerzentstehung zu vermitteln. Darüber hinaus werde ich beschreiben, wie sensorische Information im Hinterhorn des Rückenmarks verarbeitet wird, wobei ich mein Hauptaugenmerk auf jene neuralen Schaltkreise legen werde, die für Schmerzüberempfindlichkeit im Rahmen neuropathischer Schmerzen und Entzündungen verantwortlich sind.
An update on the spinal and peripheral pathways of pain signalling
Authors: Lechner Stefan G. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Painful or potentially tissue-damaging stimuli are detected by primary sensory afferents that innervate the skin as well as internal tissues. The neurons that give rise to sensory afferents are located in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and transmit sensory information to the spinal cord where it is processed and further relayed to higher brain regions to ultimately generate the perception of pain. Both the DRGs as well as the spinal cord comprise a variety of morphologically, molecularly and functionally diverse neurons. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of the different types of sensory neurons and their proposed role in pain signalling. Moreover, I will discuss how pain related sensory information is processed in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord with an emphasis on recently delineated neural circuits that mediate pain hypersensitivity in the setting of nerve injury and inflammation.
Content-Specific Codes of Parametric Vibrotactile Working Memory in Humans
Authors: Schmidt Timo Torsten , Wu Yuan-hao , Blankenburg Felix 
Published: September 2017

To understand how the brain handles mentally represented information flexibly in the absence of sensory stimulation, working memory (WM) studies have been essential. A seminal finding in monkey research is that neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) retain stimulus-specific information when vibrotactile frequencies were memorized. A direct mapping between monkey studies and human research is still controversial. Although oscillatory signatures, in terms of frequency-dependent parametric beta-band modulation, have been observed recently in human EEG studies, the content specificity of these representations in terms of multivariate pattern analysis has not yet been shown. Here, we used fMRI in combination with multivariate classification techniques to determine which brain regions retain information during WM. In a retro-cue delayed-match-to-sample task, human subjects memorized the frequency of vibrotactile stimulation over a 12 s delay phase. Using an assumption-free whole-brain searchlight approach, we tested with support vector regression which brain regions exhibited multivariate parametric WM codes of the maintained frequencies during the WM delay. Interestingly, our analysis revealed an overlap with regions previously identified in monkeys composed of bilateral premotor cortices, supplementary motor area, and the right inferior frontal gyrus as part of the PFC. Therefore, our results establish a link between the WM codes found in monkeys and those in humans and emphasize the importance of the PFC for information maintenance during WM also in humans.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWorking memory (WM) research in monkeys has identified a network of regions, including prefrontal regions, to code stimulus-specific information when vibrotactile frequencies are memorized. Here, we performed an fMRI study during which human subjects had to memorize vibratory frequencies in parallel to previous monkey research. Using an assumption-free, whole-brain searchlight decoding approach, we identified for the first time regions in the human brain that exhibit multivariate patterns of activity to code the vibratory frequency parametrically during WM. Our results parallel previous monkey findings and show that the supplementary motor area, premotor, and the right prefrontal cortex are involved in vibrotactile WM coding in humans.
A Powerful Framework for Integrating eQTL and GWAS Summary Data
Authors: Xu Zhiyuan , Wu Chong , Wei Peng , Pan Wei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo new gene-based association analysis methods, called PrediXcan and TWAS for GWAS individual-level and summary data, respectively, were recently proposed to integrate GWAS with eQTL data, alleviating two common problems in GWAS by boosting statistical power and facilitating biological interpretation of GWAS discoveries. Based on a novel reformulation of PrediXcan and TWAS, we propose a more powerful gene-based association test to integrate single set or multiple sets of eQTL data with GWAS individual-level data or summary statistics. The proposed test was applied to several GWAS datasets, including two lipid summary association datasets based on ∼100,000 and ∼189,000 samples, respectively, and uncovered more known or novel trait-associated genes, showcasing much improved performance of our proposed method. The software implementing the proposed method is freely available as an R package.
Will Big Data Close the Missing Heritability Gap?
Authors: Kim Hwasoon , Grueneberg Alexander , Vazquez Ana I , Hsu Stephen , de los Campos Gustavo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractModern biobanks that collect genotype-phenotype information from hundreds of thousands of individuals bring unprecedented opportunities for genomic...Despite the important discoveries reported by genome-wide association (GWA) studies, for most traits and diseases the prediction R-squared (R-sq.) achieved with genetic scores remains considerably lower than the trait heritability. Modern biobanks will soon deliver unprecedentedly large biomedical data sets: Will the advent of big data close the gap between the trait heritability and the proportion of variance that can be explained by a genomic predictor? We addressed this question using Bayesian methods and a data analysis approach that produces a surface response relating prediction R-sq. with sample size and model complexity (e.g., number of SNPs). We applied the methodology to data from the interim release of the UK Biobank. Focusing on human height as a model trait and using 80,000 records for model training, we achieved a prediction R-sq. in testing (n = 22,221) of 0.24 (95% C.I.: 0.23–0.25). Our estimates show that prediction R-sq. increases with sample size, reaching an estimated plateau at values that ranged from 0.1 to 0.37 for models using 500 and 50,000 (GWA-selected) SNPs, respectively. Soon much larger data sets will become available. Using the estimated surface response, we forecast that larger sample sizes will lead to further improvements in prediction R-sq. We conclude that big data will lead to a substantial reduction of the gap between trait heritability and the proportion of interindividual differences that can be explained with a genomic predictor. However, even with the power of big data, for complex traits we anticipate that the gap between prediction R-sq. and trait heritability will not be fully closed.
NATURALEZA PREVISIONAL. DE LA CTS (DISCURSO Y REALIDAD)
Authors: Flores Konja Julio Vicente 
Published: September 2017

En las disposiciones legales, referidas a la Compensación por Tiempo de Servicios (CTS), emitidas en la última década (y también en las décadas anteriores) se reitera su finalidad provisional,a la que puede recurrir el trabajador, luego del cese temporal o definitivo. Sin embargo, en los últimos años, aunque el discurso continúa, la CTS se destina íntegramente a complementar las bajas remuneraciones, como se demuestra a continuación: DECRETO LEGISLATIVO N.º 650, LEY DE LA COMPENSACIÓN POR TIEMPO DE SERVICIOS Publicado en el diario El Peruano el 24/07/ 1991. Conforme al Artículo 1º de la Ley de la Compensación por Tiempo de Servicios, y normas anteriores, la CTS tiene la calidad de beneficio social de previsión de las contingencias que origina el cese d el trabajo y de promoción para el trabajador y su familia. Según el Artículo 38º del texto original d e la misma ley, los depósitos de la CTS, incluidos sus intereses, son intangibles e inembargables salvo los retiros autorizados señalados en el Artículo 42º. Se reproduce esta disposición en el Artículo 37° d el texto modificado de la Ley de CTS. Aunque en el artículo 42º del texto original de la Ley de CTS se autoriza al trabajador efectuar retiros parciales con cargo a su CTS e intereses acumulados, después de dos años de efectuado el primer depósito, en los siguientes casos: a)	Hasta 20% de libre disposición del trabajador; b)	Hasta 50% para ad quisición, construcción o reparación de vivienda única del trabajador; c)	Hasta 10% por matrimonio civil del trabajador; y, d)	Hasta 10% en caso d e fallecimiento d el cónyuge. padres o hijos del trabajador. En ningún caso dichos retiros en su conjunto deben exceder al 50% del total de la CTS depositada y sus intereses. Conforme al Artículo 44°, con excepción del retiro autorizado en el Artículo 42º, precedente, la CTS y sus intereses sólo será retirada por el trabajador o pagada directamente (el periodo trunco) al producirse su cese.