bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Fluorescent Probe for Imaging Sirtuin Activity in Living Cells, Based on One‐Step Cleavage of the Dabcyl Quencher
Authors: Kawaguchi Mitsuyasu , Ikegawa Shohei , Ieda Naoya , Nakagawa Hidehiko 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSirtuins (SIRTs) are a family of NAD+‐dependent histone deacetylases. In mammals, dysfunction of SIRTs is associated with age‐related metabolic diseases and cancers, so SIRT modulators are considered attractive therapeutic targets. However, current screening methodologies are problematic, and no tools for imaging endogenous SIRT activity in living cells have been available until now. In this work we present a series of simple and highly sensitive new SIRT activity probes. Fluorescence of these probes is activated by SIRT‐mediated hydrolytic release of a 4‐(4‐dimethylaminophenylazo)benzoyl (Dabcyl)‐based FRET quencher moiety from the ϵ‐amino group of lysine in a nonapeptide derived from histone H3K9 and bearing a C‐terminal fluorophore. The probe SFP3 detected activities of SIRT1, ‐2, ‐3, and ‐6, which exhibit deacylase activities towards long‐chain fatty acyl groups. We then truncated the molecular structure of SFP3 in order to improve both its stability to peptidases and its membrane permeability, and developed probe KST‐F, which showed specificity for SIRT1 over SIRT2 and SIRT3. We show that KST‐F can visualize endogenous SIRT1 activity in living cells.
Characterization of a Cyanobacterial Haloperoxidase and Evaluation of its Biocatalytic Halogenation Potential
Authors: Frank Annika , Seel Catharina Julia , Groll Michael , Gulder Tanja 
Published: August 2016

AbstractVanadium‐dependent haloperoxidases (VHPOs) are a class of halogenating enzymes found in fungi, lichen, algae, and bacteria. We report the cloning, purification, and characterization of a functional VHPO from the cyanobacterium Acaryochloris marina (AmVHPO), including its structure determination by X‐ray crystallography. Compared to other VHPOs, the AmVHPO features a unique set of disulfide bonds that stabilize the dodecameric assembly of the protein. Easy access by high‐yield recombinant expression, as well as resistance towards organic solvents and temperature, together with a distinct halogenation reactivity, make this enzyme a promising starting point for the development of biocatalytic transformations.
Platinum Nanoparticles on Interconnected Ni3P/Carbon Nanotube–Carbon Nanofiber Hybrid Supports with Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Fuel Cells
Authors: Wu Xin , Liu Zhen , Zeng Jianhuang , Hou Zhaohui , Zhou Wuyi , Liao Shijun 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA new class of hybrid support is prepared by chemical vapor deposition of acetylene yielding carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on electrolessly plated Ni3P on carbon nanotubes (Ni3P/CNT). The as‐prepared Ni3P/CNT–CNF hybrid is used to support platinum nanoparticles, produced by the microwave‐assisted ethylene glycol reduction method, as an electrocatalyst (Pt/Ni3P/CNT–CNF). The as‐prepared Ni3P/CNT–CNF hybrid and Pt/Ni3P/CNT–CNF catalyst are characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, and thermogravimetric analysis. Electrochemical evaluations of the electrocatalyst are performed for methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions. The electrochemical active surface area of Pt/Ni3P/CNT–CNF, evaluated both by hydrogen adsorption cyclic voltammetry (CV; 95 m2 g−1) and CO anodic stripping CV (106 m2 g−1), is higher than that of a Pt/CNT benchmark. Electrochemical evaluation of methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction reactions indicate that as‐prepared Pt/Ni3P/CNT–CNF shows enhanced activity relative to that of commercial Pt/C‐JM and Pt/CNT. The superior performance of as‐prepared Pt/Ni3P/CNT–CNF is mostly attributed to the improved electron transfer and facilitated mass transport originating from the tailor‐made Ni3P/CNT–CNF hybrid support.
Next Generation Multiresponsive Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery to Cancer Cells
Authors: Altenbuchner Peter T. , Werz Patrick D. L. , Schöppner Patricia , Adams Friederike , Kronast Alexander , Schwarzenböck Christina , Pöthig Alexander , Jandl Christian , Haslbeck Martin , Rieger Bernhard 
Published: August 2016

AbstractC−H bond activation of 2‐methoxyethylamino‐bis(phenolate)‐yttrium catalysts allowed the synthesis of BAB block copolymers comprised of 2‐vinylpyridine (2VP; monomer A) and diethylvinylphosphonate (DEVP; monomer B) as the A and B blocks, respectively, by rare‐earth‐metal‐mediated group‐transfer polymerization (REM‐GTP). The inherent multi‐stimuli‐responsive character and drug‐loading and ‐release capabilities were observed to be dependent on the chain length and monomer ratios. Cytotoxicity assays revealed the biocompatibility and nontoxic nature of the obtained micelles toward ovarian cancer (HeLa) cells. The BAB block copolymers effectively encapsulated, transported, and released doxorubicin (DOX) within HeLa cells. REM‐GTP enables access to previously unattainable vinylphosphonate copolymer structures, and thereby unlocks their full potential as nanocarriers for stimuli‐responsive drug delivery in HeLa cells. The self‐evident consequence is the application of these new micelles as potent drug‐delivery vehicles with reduced side effects in future cancer therapies.
Anion Recognition by Aliphatic Helical Oligoureas
Authors: Diemer Vincent , Fischer Lucile , Kauffmann Brice , Guichard Gilles 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAnion binding properties of neutral helical foldamers consisting of urea type units in their backbone have been investigated. 1H NMR titration studies in various organic solvents including DMSO suggest that the interaction between aliphatic oligoureas and anions (CH3COO−, H2PO4−, Cl−) is site‐specific, as it largely involves the urea NHs located at the terminal end of the helix (positive pole of the helix), which do not participate to the helical intramolecular hydrogen‐bonding network. This mode of binding parallels that found in proteins in which anion‐binding sites are frequently found at the N‐terminus of an α‐helix. 1H NMR studies suggest that the helix of oligoureas remains largely folded upon anion binding, even in the presence of a large excess of the anion. This study points to potentially useful applications of oligourea helices for the selective recognition of small guest molecules.
High‐Performance Polymers for Membrane CO2/N2 Separation
Authors: Liu Junyi , Hou Xianda , Park Ho Bum , Lin Haiqing 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis Concept examines strategies to design advanced polymers with high CO2 permeability and high CO2/N2 selectivity, which are the key to the success of membrane technology for CO2 capture from fossil fuel‐fired power plants. Specifically, polymers with enhanced CO2 solubility and thus CO2/N2 selectivity are designed by incorporating CO2‐philic groups in polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide)‐containing polymers and poly(ionic liquids); polymers with enhanced CO2 diffusivity and thus CO2 permeability are designed with contorted rigid polymer chains to obtain high free volume, such as polymers with intrinsic microporosity and thermally rearranged polymers. The underlying rationales for materials design are discussed and polymers with promising CO2/N2 separation properties for CO2 capture from flue gas are highlighted.
Thermal kinetics analysis in microwave‐assisted oil sands separation
Authors: Rambabu Karumudi , Semagina Natalia , Lange Carlos F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis computational study addresses oil sands separation under microwave irradiation. Electric field distribution and microwave energy dissipation were analyzed at the level of sand particles and bitumen. The simplified model does not include water or gas present in the oil sands. The microwave power dissipated in bitumen was found to be about 32 times that of the sand particles. In order to investigate the feasibility of heating the bitumen phase preferentially and sustaining a thermal gradient between the bitumen phase and the solid phase, thereby reducing the thermal losses to the solid phase, time scales were estimated using several different scenarios. The small size of the particles in the solid phase caused the time needed to reach thermal equilibrium between phases to be extremely short, in the order of 10 to 100 ms. To achieve separation times shorter than these, pressures up to 100 GPa would have to be sustained across the oil sands layer. Alternatively, buoyancy‐driven separation by settling would require accelerations in the order of 100 000 m/s2 (105 g). Therefore, the heating and separation of bitumen within the thermal conduction time scales seem to be theoretically possible but associated with high technological challenges in their implementation.
Estimation of methylene blue index in oil sands tailings using hyperspectral data
Authors: Entezari Iman , Rivard Benoit , Lipsett Michael G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractClay minerals constitute a significant fraction of oil sands tailings; and clay mineralogy, abundance, and morphology can dramatically affect the strength of the tailings during consolidation. The ability of clays to expand or swell in the presence of water is of importance in establishing the post‐depositional strength and the geotechnical stability of a tailings deposit for reclamation purposes. The surface activity of oil sands tailings solids is typically determined using the methylene blue index (MBI), an analytical technique that quantifies the ionic absorption capacity of a sample. The present work explores the use of short‐wave infrared (SWIR) and long‐wave infrared (LWIR) hyperspectral observations for the estimation of the swelling potential or activity of oil sands tailings indicated by MBI. Spectral features in reflectance spectra were characterized in the SWIR and LWIR, in particular those attributed to the presence of quartz and clays. These features were employed to assess the correlation between MBI and remote sensing reflectance measurements collected in the laboratory from air‐dried tailings. In the SWIR, a band ratio of reflectance at 2.111 and 1.992 μm was highly correlated with MBI. For the potential estimation of MBI in outdoor settings, where the intervening atmosphere can impact the spectral measurements, a band ratio of reflectance at 1.773 and 1.307 μm provided an estimation of MBI when moisture of tailings did not exceed 0.20 g/g (20 wt%). The best predictions of MBI were obtained in the LWIR using the reflectance peaks at 9.67 µm and 11 µm attributable to clay minerals.
The Experimental Manipulation of Desire Thinking in Alcohol use Disorder
Authors: Caselli Gabriele , Gemelli Antonella , Spada Marcantonio M. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveDesire thinking is a voluntary cognitive process involving verbal and imaginal elaboration of a desired target. Recent research has revealed that desire thinking may play a significant role in the escalation of craving. The goal of this study was to explore the effect of a desire thinking induction on craving in a sample of patients with alcohol use disorder.MethodsTen patients with alcohol use disorder were exposed to a brief exposure to alcohol‐related thoughts plus desire thinking induction versus brief exposure to alcohol‐related thoughts plus distraction.ResultsThe induction of desire thinking led to a significant increase in distress and urge to use alcohol when compared to a behavioural assessment test and a distraction task. The clinical implications for the treatment of alcohol use disorder are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Key Practitioner Message

Psychotherapeutic strategies that target desire thinking, both at the assessment and at the intervention levels, may be relevant in the treatment of craving‐related problems.
Deriving and illustrating the role of desire thinking in a given episode of craving may support the development of metacognitive awareness about its functions and consequences.
Development and validation of the sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire‐4‐revised (SATAQ‐4R)
Authors: Schaefer Lauren M. , Harriger Jennifer A. , Heinberg Leslie J. , Soderberg Taylor , Kevin Thompson J. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire‐4 (SATAQ‐4) is a measure of internalization of appearance ideals (i.e., personal acceptance of societal ideals) and appearance pressures (i.e., pressures to achieve the societal ideal). The current study sought to address limitations of the scale in order to increase precision in the measurement of muscular ideal internalization, include an assessment of one's desire for attractiveness, and broaden the measurement of appearance‐related pressures.MethodThe factor structure, reliability and construct validity of the SATAQ‐4‐Revised were examined among college women (N = 1,114) in Study 1, adolescent girls (N = 275) in Study 2, and college men (N = 290) in Study 3.ResultsFactor analysis among college women indicated a 7‐factor 31‐item scale, labeled the SATAQ‐4R‐Female: (1) Internalization: Thin/Low Body Fat, (2) Internalization: Muscular, (3) Internalization: General Attractiveness, (4) Pressures: Family, (5) Pressures: Media, (6) Pressures: Peers, and (7) Pressures: Significant Others. SATAQ‐4R‐Female subscales demonstrated good reliability and construct validity among college women. Examination of the SATAQ‐4R‐Female among adolescent girls suggested a six‐factor scale in which peer and significant others items comprised a single subscale. The scale demonstrated good reliability and construct validity in adolescent girls. Examination of the SATAQ‐4R among men produced a 28‐item scale with seven factors paralleling the factors identified among college women. This scale, labeled the SATAQ‐4R‐Male, demonstrated good reliability and construct validity.DiscussionResults support the reliability and validity of SATAQ‐4R‐Female in college women and adolescent girls, and the SATAQ‐4R‐Male in college men. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:104–117)
Demographic differences in diet breadth of Canada lynx during a fluctuation in prey availability
Authors: Burstahler Christa M. , Roth James D. , Gau Robert J. , Murray Dennis L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPopulation dynamics of specialist carnivores are closely linked to prey availability, but the extent of variability in diet breadth of individual carnivores relative to natural variability in the abundance of their primary prey is not well understood. Canada lynx (Lynx canadensis) specialize on snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) and exhibit cyclic fluctuations in abundance that lag 1–2 years behind those of snowshoe hares. Declining hare densities spur demographic changes in lynx, but it is unclear whether a corresponding increase in diet breadth occurs: (1) broadly across a lynx population; (2) only among individuals who are able to effectively switch to alternative prey; or (3) only among individuals who cannot capture sufficient primary prey. We measured stable isotope ratios of lynx muscle tissue spanning a cyclic increase and decline in hare density (1998–2001) in Fort Providence, NT, Canada. We found that lynx cohorts responded differently to hare population change, with yearling animals having broader diets at low hare densities, while adults and dependent juveniles maintained a constant diet through the initial decline in hare density. This result was consistent irrespective of lynx sex and indicates that yearling lynx likely are forced to adopt a broader diet when primary prey densities decline. Our results imply that select cohorts of specialist carnivores can exhibit high dietary plasticity in response to changes in primary prey abundance, prompting the need to determine whether increased diet breadth in young lynx is a successful strategy for surviving through periods of snowshoe hare scarcity. In this way, cohort‐specific niche expansion could strongly affect the dynamics of organisms exhibiting population cycles.
After the games are over: life‐history trade‐offs drive dispersal attenuation following range expansion
Authors: Perkins T. Alex , Boettiger Carl , Phillips Benjamin L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIncreased dispersal propensity often evolves on expanding range edges due to the Olympic Village effect, which involves the fastest and fittest finding themselves together in the same place at the same time, mating, and giving rise to like individuals. But what happens after the range's leading edge has passed and the games are over? Although empirical studies indicate that dispersal propensity attenuates following range expansion, hypotheses about the mechanisms driving this attenuation have not been clearly articulated or tested. Here, we used a simple model of the spatiotemporal dynamics of two phenotypes, one fast and the other slow, to propose that dispersal attenuation beyond preexpansion levels is only possible in the presence of trade‐offs between dispersal and life‐history traits. The Olympic Village effect ensures that fast dispersers preempt locations far from the range's previous limits. When trade‐offs are absent, this preemptive spatial advantage has a lasting impact, with highly dispersive individuals attaining equilibrium frequencies that are strictly higher than their introduction frequencies. When trade‐offs are present, dispersal propensity decays rapidly at all locations. Our model's results about the postcolonization trajectory of dispersal evolution are clear and, in principle, should be observable in field studies. We conclude that empirical observations of postcolonization dispersal attenuation offer a novel way to detect the existence of otherwise elusive trade‐offs between dispersal and life‐history traits.
Climate change is the primary driver of white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) range expansion at the northern extent of its range; land use is secondary
Authors: Dawe Kimberly L. , Boutin Stan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractQuantifying the relative influence of multiple mechanisms driving recent range expansion of non‐native species is essential for predicting future changes and for informing adaptation and management plans to protect native species. White‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have been expanding their range into the North American boreal forest over the last half of the20thcentury. This has already altered predator–prey dynamics in Alberta, Canada, where the distribution likely reaches the northern extent of its continuous range. Although current white‐tailed deer distribution is explained by both climate and human land use, the influence each factor had on the observed range expansion would depend on the spatial and temporal pattern of these changes. Our objective was to quantify the relative importance of land use and climate change as drivers of white‐tailed deer range expansion and to predict decadal changes in white‐tailed deer distribution in northern Alberta for the first half of the21stcentury. An existing species distribution model was used to predict past decadal distributions of white‐tailed deer which were validated using independent data. The effects of climate and land use change were isolated by comparing predictions under theoretical “no‐changebetween decades” scenarios, for each factor, to predictions under observed climate and land use change. Climate changes led to more than 88%, by area, of the increases in probability of white‐tailed deer presence across all decades. The distribution is predicted to extend 100 km further north across the northeastern Alberta boreal forest as climate continues to change over the first half of the 21st century.
Attack of the clones: reproductive interference between sexuals and asexuals in theCrepisagamic complex
Authors: Hersh Evan , Grimm Jaime , Whitton Jeannette 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNegative reproductive interactions are likely to be strongest between close relatives and may be important in limiting local coexistence. In plants, interspecific pollen flow is common between co‐occurring close relatives and may serve as the key mechanism of reproductive interference. Agamic complexes, systems in which some populations reproduce through asexual seeds (apomixis), while others reproduce sexually, provide an opportunity to examine effects of reproductive interference in limiting coexistence. Apomictic populations experience little or no reproductive interference, because apomictic ovules cannot receive pollen from nearby sexuals. Oppositely, apomicts produce some viable pollen and can exert reproductive interference on sexuals by siring hybrids. In theCrepisagamic complex, sexuals co‐occur less often with other members of the complex, but apomicts appear to freely co‐occur with one another. We identified a mixed population and conducted a crossing experiment between sexual diploidC. atribarbaand apomictic polyploidC. barbigerausing pollen from sexual diploids and apomictic polyploids. Seed set was high for all treatments, and as predicted, diploid–diploid crosses produced all diploid offspring. Diploid–polyploid crosses, however, produced mainly polyploidy offspring, suggesting that non‐diploid hybrids can be formed when the two taxa meet. Furthermore, a small proportion of seeds produced in open‐pollinated flowers was also polyploid, indicating that polyploid hybrids are produced under natural conditions. Our results provide evidence for asymmetric reproductive interference, with pollen from polyploid apomicts contributing to reduce the recruitment of sexual diploids in subsequent generations. Existing models suggest that these mixed sexual–asexual populations are likely to be transient, eventually leading to eradication of sexual individuals from the population.
Heading for the hills? Evaluating spatial distribution of woodland caribou in response to a growing anthropogenic disturbance footprint
Authors: MacNearney Doug , Pigeon Karine , Stenhouse Gordon , Nijland Wiebe , Coops Nicholas C. , Finnegan Laura 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAnthropogenic landscape change (i.e., disturbance) is recognized as an important factor in the decline and extirpation of wildlife populations. Understanding and monitoring the relationship between wildlife distribution and disturbance is necessary for effective conservation planning. Many studies consider disturbance as a covariate explaining wildlife behavior. However, we propose that there are several advantages to considering the spatial relationship between disturbance and wildlife directly using utilization distributions (UDs), including objective assessment of the spatially explicit overlap between wildlife and disturbance, and the ability to track trends in this relationship over time. Here, we examined how central mountain woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) distribution changed over time in relation to (i) anthropogenic disturbance, baseline range (defined using telemetry data from 1998 to 2005), and alpine habitat; and (ii) interannual climate variation (North Pacific Index;NPI). We developed seasonalUDs for caribou in west‐central Alberta and east‐central British Columbia, Canada, monitored withGPScollars between 1998 and 2013. We mapped the cumulative annual density of disturbance features within caribou range and used indices of overlap to determine the spatial relationship and trend between caribouUDs, anthropogenic disturbance, baseline range, alpine habitat, and theNPI. Anthropogenic disturbance increased over time, but the overlap between caribouUDs and disturbance did not. Caribou use of alpine habitat during spring, fall, and late winter increased over time, concurrent with a decrease in use of baseline range. Overlap between caribouUDs and disturbance increased during spring and fall following relatively cold, snowy winters (highNPI), but overall, climate did not explain changes in caribou distribution over time. We provide evidence supporting the hypothesis that caribou populations adjust their spatial distribution in relation to anthropogenic landscape change. Our findings could have implications for population persistence if distributional shifts result in greater use of alpine habitat during winter. Monitoring long‐term changes in the distribution of populations is a valuable component of conservation planning for species at risk in disturbed landscapes.