bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elektrostatinio filtro efektyvumo tyrimas deginant biokurą mažos galios katile
Authors: Poškas Robertas , Sirvydas Arūnas , Jankauskas Jurgis 
Published: March 2016

Lietuvoje pastaruoju metu plečiamas biokuro naudojimas pramoninėse katilinėse, taip pat jis populiarėja ir mažos galios namų katilinėse (populiarios ne tik malkos, įvairūs briketai, bet ir medžio granulės). Pagrindinis šio kuro trūkumas, palyginti su dujiniu arba skystu kurtu, yra gana didelė įvairių dydžių kietųjų dalelių emisija. Ilgalaikis aplinkos užterštumas šiomis dalelėmis sukelia sveikatos problemų. Elektrostatinis įvairių degimo produktų filtravimas yra patikimas būdas sumažinti šias teršalų emisijas. Straipsnyje pateiktas elektrostatinio filtro, skirto valyti 50 kW katilo dūmus, laboratorinis efektyvumo tyrimas. Pasitelkus esamas rekomendacijas, Lietuvos energetikos instituto Branduolinės inžinerijos problemų laboratorijoje buvo suprojektuotas ir pagamintas elektrostatinis filtras. Jis išbandytas naudojant 3-ios klasės 50 kW galios katilą. Tyrimai parodė, kad išlydžio elektrodui esant neigiamam, o surinkimo elektrodui – teigiamam (negative potential), mažiausia įtampa, kuriai esant atsiranda vainikinis išlydis, yra apie 6 kV. Prie šios įtampos gaunamas 77 % filtravimo efektyvumas. Esant 12 kV įtampai, gaunamas apie 99 % efektyvumas. Kai išlydžio elektrodas yra teigiamas (positive potential), vainikinis išlydis įvyksta prie ~10 kV.
Sous les yeux du père, lire le Cahier comme une proposition de retour sur l’énigme « Laferrière »
Authors: Parisot Yolaine 
Published: March 2016

Dany Laferrière publie L’énigme du retour (2009) après Je suis un écrivain japonais, paradigme, s’il en est, de la « littérature-monde en français ». Le titre renvoie à L’énigme de l’arrivée de V. S. Naipaul, mais l’hypotexte principal est le Cahier d’un retour au pays natal du poète martiniquais Aimé Césaire. La mort du père, qui établit une relation d’intratextualité avec Le cri des oiseaux fous et Pays sans chapeau, et l’expérience personnelle de trente années d’exil permettent de relire le manifeste poétique de la négritude ; les textes cités et la mort du poète, de comprendre la folie de l’exilé. L’écriture du voyage et l’écriture du deuil procèdent d’une poétique de la perception, mise en exergue par la multiplication des figures de peintres. Ni retour en arrière ni réécriture, L’énigme du retour marque un tournant dans l’oeuvre de Dany Laferrière. La mort du père, mort réelle mise en récit et mort symbolique mise en fiction, devient le principe d’une théorie de la fiction romanesque qui prend place entre les pères fondateurs (Aimé Césaire, Jacques Roumain et Jacques Stephen Alexis) et la fratrie-monde (Alain Mabanckou, Yanick Lahens, Edwidge Danticat et Dany Charles, le neveu).
Paternités sans frontières dans quelques romans haïtiens contemporains
Authors: Ndiaye Christiane 
Published: March 2016

La perception générale du personnage du père dans le roman des Caraïbes est qu’il est surtout absent, sinon de caractère autoritaire ou irresponsable. S’agit-il d’une image peu fondée, faute d’études d’envergure ou l’imaginaire littéraire du père est-il en voie de transformation ? L’étude porte sur trois romans haïtiens récents où la figure du père prend des contours autres qui semblent signaler un renouveau dans l’imaginaire romanesque du père. En effet, dans Kool-Klub de Kettly Mars, les comportements « classiques » du père sont disqualifiés au profit d’un père moderne, attentif, attentionné et responsable. Chez Évelyne Trouillot, dans Absences sans frontières, un personnage analogue apparaît qui, malgré son absence, se consacre entièrement à veiller au bien-être de sa fille. Personnage plus insolite, l’inspecteur Azémar des polars de Gary Victor s’avère néanmoins être un père animé par des principes profondément humains. Ainsi, nous assistons à ce qui semble être une transformation du paysage social dans l’imaginaire romanesque haïtien : ce sont les mères qui sont absentes et les pères qui font l’objet d’une idéalisation aux accents didactiques.
Spin-polarized annihilation lifetime of positron of d0 ferromagnetism in gallium nitride: A two-component density functional theory simulation
Authors: Hagiwara Satoshi , Suzuki Yasumitsu , Watanabe Kazuyuki 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The spin-polarized annihilation lifetime of a positron (SPALP) trapped by the Ga vacancies in GaN was investigated using two-component density functional theory calculations with geometry optimization. SPALP clearly depends on the charged states of the Ga vacancies and the induced magnetization. This dependence is attributed to the overlap between the positron and electron densities around the defect. Thus, the present study proves the useful role of SPALP for probing and revealing the mechanism of d0 ferromagnetism.
Introduction of SiGe/Si heterojunction into novel multilayer tunnel FinFET
Authors: Morita Yukinori , Fukuda Koichi , Mori Takahiro , Mizubayashi Wataru , Migita Shinji , Endo Kazuhiko , O’uchi Shin-ichi , Liu Yongxun , Masahara Meishoku , Matsukawa Takashi , Ota Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A novel tunnel FinFET equipped with a SiGe/Si heterojunction and a multilayer fin-channel has been experimentally demonstrated. A high-quality SiGe layer is epitaxially grown on a heavily doped Si source as a tunnel junction. A FinFET-like hetero-multilayer channel with a trigate configuration significantly increases the drain current compared with conventional SiGe/Si heterojunction parallel-plate tunnel FETs.
Low-temperature liquid-phase epitaxy of YBa2Cu3Oy films by the molten KOH method
Authors: Funaki Shuhei , Yamada Yasuji , Okunishi Ryota , Miyachi Yugo 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We fabricated high-performance YBa2Cu3O
y
(Y123) films by the liquid-phase epitaxy method using molten KOH flux at low temperatures. The Y123 films fabricated in N2 atmosphere showed biaxial orientation above 500 °C; moreover, the surface morphology of the Y123 films fabricated above 650 °C suggested spiral growth. The Y123 films fabricated above 650 °C showed a sharp transition with a

of 90 K.
Miniband formulation in Ge/Si quantum dot array
Authors: Tsai Yi-Chia , Lee Ming-Yi , Li Yiming , Samukawa Seiji 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this work, we estimate the coupling effect of miniband structure and density of states (DoS) resulting from different qunatum-dot physical parameters in a well-aligned Ge/Si quantum dot (QD) array fabricated by neutral beam etching technology. The density of QDs dominates the coupling effect and miniband’s bandwidth, the radius of QDs affects the magnitude of energy levels and miniband bandwidth, and the thickness of QDs has a great impact on the magnitude of energy levels. Among the different shapes of Ge/Si QDs, discoid QDs exhibit the most band crossing and broadest bandwith under the same physical parameters.
Molecular evidence ofBurkholderia pseudomalleigenotypes based on geographical distribution
Authors: Zulkefli Noorfatin Jihan , Mariappan Vanitha , Vellasamy Kumutha Malar , Chong Chun Wie , Thong Kwai Lin , Ponnampalavanar Sasheela , Vadivelu Jamuna , Teh Cindy Shuan Ju 
Published: March 2016

Background.Central intermediary metabolism (CIM) in bacteria is defined as a set of metabolic biochemical reactions within a cell, which is essential for the cell to survive and respond to environmental perturbations. The genes associated with CIM are commonly found in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. As these genes are involved in vital metabolic processes of bacteria, we explored the efficiency of the genes in genotypic characterization ofBurkholderia pseudomalleiisolates, compared with the established pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) schemes.Methods.Nine previously sequencedB. pseudomalleiisolates from Malaysia were characterized by PFGE, MLST and CIM genes. The isolates were later compared to the other 39B. pseudomalleistrains, retrieved from GenBank using both MLST and sequence analysis of CIM genes. UniFrac and hierachical clustering analyses were performed using the results generated by both MLST and sequence analysis of CIM genes.Results.Genetic relatedness of nine MalaysianB. pseudomalleiisolates and the other 39 strains was investigated. The nine Malaysian isolates were subtyped into six PFGE profiles, four MLST profiles and five sequence types based on CIM genes alignment. All methods demonstrated the clonality of OB and CB as well as CMS and THE. However, PFGE showed less than 70% similarity between a pair of morphology variants, OS and OB. In contrast, OS was identical to the soil isolate, MARAN. To have a better understanding of the genetic diversity ofB. pseudomalleiworldwide, we further aligned the sequences of genes used in MLST and genes associated with CIM for the nine Malaysian isolates and 39B. pseudomalleistrains from NCBI database. Overall, based on the CIM genes, the strains were subtyped into 33 profiles where majority of the strains from Asian countries were clustered together. On the other hand, MLST resolved the isolates into 31 profiles which formed three clusters. Hierarchical clustering using UniFrac distance suggested that the isolates from Australia were genetically distinct from the Asian isolates. Nevertheless, statistical significant differences were detected between isolates from Malaysia, Thailand and Australia.Discussion.Overall, PFGE showed higher discriminative power in clustering the nine MalaysianB. pseudomalleiisolates and indicated its suitability for localized epidemiological study. Compared to MLST, CIM genes showed higher resolution in distinguishing those non-related strains and better clustering of strains from different geographical regions. A closer genetic relatedness of Malaysian isolates with all Asian strains in comparison to Australian strains was observed. This finding was supported by UniFrac analysis which resulted in geographical segregation between Australia and the Asian countries.
Functional assessment of chronic illness therapy—the fatigue scale exhibits stronger associations with clinical parameters in chronic dialysis patients compared to other fatigue-assessing instruments
Authors: Chao Chia-Ter , Huang Jenq-Wen , Chiang Chih-Kang ,   COGENT (COhort of GEriatric Nephrology in NTUH) study group
Published: March 2016

Background.Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have a high symptom burden, among which fatigue is highly prevalent. Many fatigue-assessing instruments exist, but comparisons among instruments in this patient population have yet to be investigated.Methods.ESRD patients under chronic hemodialysis were prospectively enrolled and seven types of fatigue instruments were administered: Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Fatigue (FACIT-F), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Lee Fatigue Scale (LFS), Fatigue Questionnaire (FQ), Fatigue Symptom Inventory (FSI), and Short-Form 36-Vitality (SF36-V). Using these instruments, we investigated the correlation between fatigue severity and clinical/biochemical parameters, including demographic/comorbidity profile, dialysis-related complications, and frailty severity. We used regression analysis with serum albumin and frailty severity as the dependent variables to investigate the independent correlations.Results.A total of 46 ESRD patients were enrolled (average age of 67 ± 11.6 years), and 50% of them had type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results from the seven tested instruments showed high correlation with each other. We found that the fatigue severity by FACIT-F was significantly associated with age (p= 0.03), serum albumin (p= 0.003) and creatinine (p= 0.02) levels, while SF36-V scores were also significantly associated with age (p= 0.02) and serum creatinine levels (p= 0.04). However, the fatigue severity measured by the FSS, FSI, FQ, BFI, and LFS did not exhibit these associations. Moreover, regression analysis showed that only FACIT-F scores were independently associated with serum albumin levels and frailty severity in ESRD patients.Conclusion.Among the seven fatigue-assessing instruments, only the FACIT-F yielded results that demonstrated significant and independent associations with important outcome-related features in ESRD patients.
Molecular Modeling
Authors: Profeta Salvatore 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe article provides an overview of the origins, development, and applications of molecular modeling techniques. Due to the development of computational chemistry and faster and accessible computing hardware, modeling and simulation of molecular systems assist researchers by providing consistent data and explanations for observed chemical or biological behavior. These methods facilitate the elaboration of predictive models, critical to computer‐assisted drug, and materials design.From their roots in modern quantum theory, in the early 1900s, through the evolution of empirical, semiempirical, nonempirical (orab initio) and density functional methods, molecular modeling techniques, including computer graphics, have grown to become must have techniques in the chemical, pharmaceutical, polymer, and structural biology/biotechnology industries.
Powder Coating Technology
Authors: Janardhanan Subadhra , Zvonkina Irina , Soucek Mark D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPowder coating technology is an environmentally friendly, nonpolluting coating process, providing coatings with improved performance for functional or decorative purposes. The commercial importance of the technology has been growing in mature as well as growing markets. The principles of powder coating technology, from the materials used through their processing to application of the coating on a substrate, are discussed.
Quinones
Authors: Finley K. Thomas 
Published: March 2016

Quinones, possessing two α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl groups usually in a six‐carbon atom ring, represent a unique structural unit. Their centrality in the synthesis of such important commercial substances as dyes and pharmaceuticals has resulted in extensive studies. In living matter, they are ubiquitous and vital to human metabolism.Quinones are of special interest to biochemists and to both synthetic and theoretical organic chemists. The types of reactions most often reported are nucleophilic addition, photochemistry, cycloaddition, electrophilic addition, radical alkylation, electrochemical, oxidation, and nucleophilic substitution. The synthesis of quinones is usually accomplished through oxidation of phenols or anilines.
Life Cycle Assessment
Authors: Curran Mary Ann 
Published: March 2016

Life cycle assessment (LCA) of consumer products and industrial processes has become an important tool for assessing their potential cradle‐to‐grave environmental impacts. The key benefit of conducting an LCA is to get the full picture of the impacts of a product, process, or activity in order to find the best solutions for their improvement. LCA has become a core topic in the field of environmental management and is considered essential for achieving sustainability goals.In this article, an overview of LCA methodology is given along with brief descriptions of the four methodological phases: goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. Relevant examples are provided, and aspects of data, software, and procedures are discussed. Finally, LCA applications and future outlook are addressed.
Low TemplateDNAAnalysis and Interpretation
Authors: Puch‐Solis Roberto , Hopwood Andy , Pope Susan , Tully Gillian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe capability of the forensic practitioner to process samples using low template DNA (LTDNA) methodologies is becoming more widespread. In a properly validated system, LTDNA analysis provides the practitioner with a valuable tool for the robust profiling of trace‐level DNA samples. Here, we provide an introduction to the technical processes used for the analytical and interpretive processes for LTDNA analysis and an understanding of the surrounding precautions and protocols used to increase the robustness of the technique.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (
PCR
)
Authors: Ruddock Campbell A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a very useful method for increasing the amount of DNA present in a sample to a larger amount accessible for analysis. PCR is modified in a wide range of methods for a large number of biomedical and forensic uses. The general method is described and its application to forensic biological science as well commonly encountered challenges with the PCR assay.
Validation
Authors: Ruddock Campbell A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Validation of any new method is a critical component of a forensic DNA laboratory's quality assurance program. Validation exists to substantiate and test the integrity of scientific processes utilized during DNA testing to allow for development of detection thresholds, operating parameters and protocols prior to casework applications. Successful validation of a DNA testing method will include both developmental and internal validation to support good practice and adheres to established quality standards and guidelines as dictated by testing standardization bodies. The purpose of validation is to test and document through specific experiment categories the reliability, reproducibility, and robustness of a testing method. It is an important process in substantiating scientific methods and general confidence in their reliability as testing methods. As validation is a core process to DNA testing method establishment within a laboratory the validation data is an important aspect to admissibility and defining testimony scope also.
DNAin theUKCourts
Authors: Wheate Rhonda M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDNA‐profiling evidence has become ubiquitous in the UK criminal prosecutions since its first use in forensic casework in 1987. It has been lauded as a gold standard in court because the frequency of DNA types in the population is measurable; the results of DNA‐profiling techniques were highly reproducible; and the forensic significance of any “match” between two profiles could be calculated by reference to the population data. More recently, however, jurisprudence from the United Kingdom indicates that the courts are willing to admit DNA‐profiling results into evidence without statistics and without the level of reproducibility, reliability, and transparency for which DNA evidence has been lauded in the past. This article traces the trajectory of DNA evidence in the UK courts from its statistical origins, to its most recent manifestation based on the “experience” of the expert witness.
Legal Issues with Forensic
DNA
in the
USA
Authors: Flood Christopher A. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Forensic DNA is widely considered to be the “gold standard” of forensic technologies. Yet recent developments in the way forensic DNA technology is used in the American criminal justice system call for renewed attention to the standards and practices by which forensic laboratories and law enforcement develop DNA evidence. This article identifies three areas of concern with American forensic DNA : Database governance, including private and custom housing of DNA profiles; increasing utilization of highly sensitive techniques of questionable accuracy; and persistent resistance to transparency, including limitations on open disclosure of lab work. Examining the case of
United States v. Morgan
, this article poses a critique of prevailing conceptions of American forensic DNA technology, and concludes that DNA technology is in danger of serious misuse. Finally, the article proposes that the most appropriate and effective method for ensuring the responsible use of forensic DNA technology in the American criminal justice system lies in strengthening systems providing representation to indigent people charged with criminal offenses.
Introduction to Forensic
DNA
Profiling — The Electropherogram (
epg
)
Authors: Jamieson Allan 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

The DNA analyst, in order to decide which alleles are present in a sample, uses a graph called the
electropherogram
(or
electrophoretogram
), usually referred to simply as the
epg
The epg represents the separated DNA molecules that are produced after the amplification process of the original sample. It is not necessary here to detail all of the issues affecting the production of the epg as it most rarely materially affects the profile result. However, it is important to understand the general manner in which an epg is produced and how steps can be taken to verify a profiling result.
Drug trafficking
Authors: Pasko Lisa 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Drug trafficking is another term for the illegal drug trade and refers to the unlawful process by which narcotic drugs (cocaine, cannabis, opium, hallucinogens, barbiturates, amphetamines, and tranquilizers) are produced, distributed, and possessed outside strictly controlled medical and scientific channels. At the turn of the twenty‐first century, the global trade in illegal drugs remained a vast enterprise, estimated at more than $300 billion a year, with the United States as the largest single retail market. Colombia, Peru, and Bolivia remain the world's main exporters of cocaine, with the Golden Triangle and the Golden Crescent countries (Burma, Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Laos, and Thailand) as the world's chief suppliers of opium. Currently, Afghanistan and Morocco are the world's foremost suppliers of cannabis, with Mexico and Paraguay following their lead.
Microgravity Stress: Bone and Connective Tissue
Authors: Bloomfield Susan A. , Martinez Daniel A. , Boudreaux Ramon D. , Mantri Anita V. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe major alterations in bone and the dense connective tissues in humans and animals exposed to microgravity illustrate the dependency of these tissues' function on normal gravitational loading. Whether these alterations depend solely on the reduced mechanical loading of zero g or are compounded by fluid shifts, altered tissue blood flow, radiation exposure, and altered nutritional status is not yet well defined. Changes in the dense connective tissues and intervertebral disks are generally smaller in magnitude but occur more rapidly than those in mineralized bone with transitions to 0 g and during recovery once back to the loading provided by 1 g conditions. However, joint injuries are projected to occur much more often than the more catastrophic bone fracture during exploration class missions, so protecting the integrity of both tissues is important. This review focuses on the research performed over the last 20 years in humans and animals exposed to actual spaceflight, as well as on knowledge gained from pertinent ground‐based models such as bed rest in humans and hindlimb unloading in rodents. Significant progress has been made in our understanding of the mechanisms for alterations in bone and connective tissues with exposure to microgravity, but intriguing questions remain to be solved, particularly with reference to biomedical risks associated with prolonged exploration missions. © 2016 American Physiological Society.Compr Physiol6:**‐**, 2016.