bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Vegf signaling by natural and synthetic ligands
Authors: Rossi Andrea , Gauvrit Sebastien , Marass Michele , Pan Luyuan , Moens Cecilia B. , Stainier Didier Y. R. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The mechanisms that allow cells to bypass anti–vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) therapy remain poorly understood. Here we use zebrafish to investigate this question and first show that vegfaa mutants display a severe vascular phenotype that can surprisingly be rescued to viability by vegfaa messenger RNA injections at the 1-cell stage. Using vegfaa mutants as an in vivo test tube, we found that zebrafish Vegfbb, Vegfd, and Pgfb can also rescue these animals to viability. Taking advantage of a new vegfr1 tyrosine kinase–deficient mutant, we determined that Pgfb rescues vegfaa mutants via Vegfr1. Altogether, these data reveal potential resistance routes against current anti-VEGFA therapies. In order to circumvent this resistance, we engineered and validated new dominant negative Vegfa molecules that by trapping Vegf family members can block vascular development. Thus, our results show that Vegfbb, Vegfd, and Pgfb can sustain vascular development in the absence of VegfA, and our newly engineered Vegf molecules expand the toolbox for basic research and antiangiogenic therapy.
The tumor as an organ: comprehensive spatial and temporal modeling of the tumor and its microenvironment
Authors: Bloch Naamah , Harel David 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Background
Research related to cancer is vast, and continues in earnest in many directions. Due to the complexity of cancer, a better understanding of tumor growth dynamics can be gleaned from a dynamic computational model. We present a comprehensive, fully executable, spatial and temporal 3D computational model of the development of a cancerous tumor together with its environment.

Results
The model was created using Statecharts, which were then connected to an interactive animation front-end that we developed especially for this work, making it possible to visualize on the fly the on-going events of the system’s execution, as well as the effect of various input parameters. We were thus able to gain a better understanding of, e.g., how different amounts or thresholds of oxygen and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) affect the progression of the tumor. We found that the tumor has a critical turning point, where it either dies or recovers. If minimum conditions are met at that time, it eventually develops into a full, active, growing tumor, regardless of the actual amount; otherwise it dies.

Conclusions
This brings us to the conclusion that the tumor is in fact a very robust system: changing initial values of VEGF and oxygen can increase the time it takes to become fully developed, but will not necessarily completely eliminate it.
The origins of the Selden map of China: scientific analysis of the painting materials and techniques using a holistic approach
Authors: Kogou Sotiria , Neate Sarah , Coveney Clare , Miles Amanda , Boocock David , Burgio Lucia , Cheung Chi Shing , Liang Haida 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Since the ‘rediscovery’ of the Selden map of China, an early seventeenth century map of Asia, in the Bodleian Library in Oxford, the importance of the map in our understanding of globalisation in the early seventeenth century has been recognised. One of the unresolved questions is the origin of the map. This paper addresses the question through material evidence provided by a holistic approach using a suite of complementary analytical techniques. The map was examined in situ and non-invasively by a remote spectral imaging instrument (PRISMS) modified for close range imaging, which was followed by a range of complementary techniques applied to a number of detached fragments, though most of the techniques are non-invasive and can be applied to the map directly in the future. The binding medium was found to be a gum, almost certainly gum Arabic, rather than the animal glue commonly used in Chinese paintings. Some of the pigments and their usage were found to be at odds with the common practice in paintings from China. The detection of gum Arabic, a binding medium used by the Europeans, South and West Asians and the use of a mixture of orpiment and indigo, commonly found in European, South and West Asian paintings gives further evidence on the unusual origins of this map. The likely detection of a basic copper chloride, such as atacamite, in the green areas suggests an influence from the South and West Asian rather than the European tradition. Detailed analysis of the various spectral bands of the spectral image cube along with visual inspection of the large scale colour image showed that the map was not fully planned at the beginning but rather painted in stages, at times by trial and error and that it was unfinished. A new hypothesis for the origin of the Selden map in Aceh Sumatra is proposed based on the new evidences.
Permanent draft genome of strain ESFC-1: ecological genomics of a newly discovered lineage of filamentous diazotrophic cyanobacteria
Authors: Everroad R. Craig , Stuart Rhona K. , Bebout Brad M. , Detweiler Angela M. , Lee Jackson Z. , Woebken Dagmar , Prufert-Bebout Leslie , Pett-Ridge Jennifer 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe nonheterocystous filamentous cyanobacterium, strain ESFC-1, is a recently described member of the order Oscillatoriales within the Cyanobacteria. ESFC-1 has been shown to be a major diazotroph in the intertidal microbial mat system at Elkhorn Slough, CA, USA. Based on phylogenetic analyses of the 16S RNA gene, ESFC-1 appears to belong to a unique, genus-level divergence; the draft genome sequence of this strain has now been determined. Here we report features of this genome as they relate to the ecological functions and capabilities of strain ESFC-1. The 5,632,035 bp genome sequence encodes 4914 protein-coding genes and 92 RNA genes. One striking feature of this cyanobacterium is the apparent lack of either uptake or bi-directional hydrogenases typically expected within a diazotroph. Additionally, a large genomic island is found that contains numerous low GC-content genes and genes related to extracellular polysaccharide production and cell wall synthesis and maintenance.
The diagnostic and prognostic value of systems biology research in major traumatic and thermal injury: a review
Authors: Hazeldine Jon , Hampson Peter , Lord Janet M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAs secondary complications remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality amongst hospitalised trauma patients, the need to develop novel approaches by which to identify patients at risk of adverse outcome is becoming increasingly important. Centred on the idea that patients who experience “poor” outcome post trauma elicit a response to injury that is distinct from those who experience “good” outcome, tailored therapeutics is an emerging concept aimed at improving current treatment regimens by promoting patient-specific therapies. Making use of recent advancements in the fields of genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, numerous groups have undertaken a systems-based approach to analysing the acute immune and inflammatory response to major traumatic and thermal injury in an attempt to uncover a single or combination of biomarkers that can identify patients at risk of adverse outcome. Early results are encouraging, with all three approaches capable of discriminating patients with “good” outcome from those who develop nosocomial infections, sepsis and multiple organ failure, with differences apparent in blood samples acquired as early as 2 h post injury. In particular, genomic data is proving to be highly informative, identifying patients at risk of “poor” outcome with a higher degree of sensitivity and specificity than statistical models built upon data obtained from existing anatomical and physiological scoring systems. Here, focussing predominantly upon human-based research, we provide an overview of the findings of studies that have investigated the immune and inflammatory response to major traumatic and thermal injury at the genomic, protein and metabolite level, and consider both the diagnostic and prognostic potential of these approaches.
Ten-Step Minimally Invasive Spine Lumbar Decompression and Dural Repair Through Tubular Retractors
Authors: Boukebir Mohamed Abdelatif , Berlin Connor David , Navarro-Ramirez Rodrigo , Heiland Tim , Schöller Karsten , Rawanduzy Cameron , Kirnaz Sertaç , Jada Ajit , Härtl Roger 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive spine (MIS) surgery utilizing tubular retractors has become an increasingly popular approach for decompression in the lumbar spine. However, a better understanding of appropriate indications, efficacious surgical techniques, limitations, and complication management is required to effectively teach the procedure and to facilitate the learning curve.

OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience and recommendations regarding tubular surgery for lumbar disc herniations, foraminal compression with unilateral radiculopathy, lumbar spinal stenosis, synovial cysts, and dural repair.

METHODS: We reviewed our experience between 2008 and 2014 to develop a step-by-step description of the surgical techniques and complication management, including dural repair through tubes, for the 4 lumbar pathologies of highest frequency. We provide additional supplementary videos for dural tear repair, laminotomy for bilateral decompression, and synovial cyst resection.

RESULTS: Our overview and complementary materials document the key technical details to maximize the success of the 4 MIS surgical techniques. The review of our experience in 331 patients reveals technical feasibility as well as satisfying clinical results, with no postoperative complications associated with cerebrospinal fluid leaks, 1 infection, and 17 instances (5.1%) of delayed fusion.

CONCLUSION: MIS surgery through tubular retractors is a safe and effective alternative to traditional open or microsurgical techniques for the treatment of lumbar degenerative disease. Adherence to strict microsurgical techniques will allow the surgeon to effectively address bilateral pathology while preserving stability and minimizing complications.
Evaluation of arts-based interventions to improve awareness of selected hygiene and sanitation issues in slums of Ahmedabad, India
Authors: Trivedi Mayur , Patel Minjan 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Slum dwellers have limited access to various services that form the foundation of good health. Thus, there is a need to improve their awareness of health and hygiene issues. This article is based on an assessment of arts-based participatory theatre interventions that aimed at improving health awareness among the slum dwellers of Ahmedabad. A two-phase quasi-experimental research involved measuring the target population’s knowledge ‘before’ the interventions of a pre-determined set of seven performances and repeating the same measurement ‘after’ it. The measurement involved surveys of 600 slum dwellers in two slums, one of which received interventions. An improvement was observed in knowledge pertaining to reasons for illnesses, as well as knowledge about safe drinking water and mosquito-breeding sites. The health campaign showed statistically significant improvement among sources of information for the benefits of hand washing and mosquito control. The three parameters of sources of information also point to ‘health campaign’ by a nongovernmental organization (NGO). This further endorses the effectiveness of the interventions. This research is a contribution in response to the growing need for evidence of the impact of performing arts on public health. Based on positive results, it is recommended that such efforts can be scaled up for health education and awareness purposes.
The gallery as therapeutic venue: Exploring visitor perceptions in a contemporary art space
Authors: Tischler Victoria , Carone Laura J. , Mistry Jiten 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This prospective qualitative study explored the social and psychological impact of an exhibition at a contemporary art gallery. Three focus groups, including eight people aged 45–69, were held following a guided tour of an exhibition at Nottingham Contemporary gallery. The exhibition ‘Uneven Geographies’ featured the work of a variety of international artists focusing upon the politics of globalization through different media including film, installation and photography. Focus group transcripts were analysed using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase model of thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: (1) ‘It’s almost like a piece of a jigsaw puzzle’, (2) Interpreting the message and (3) Dissolving social barriers. Results indicated that the exhibition facilitated sense-making, that art interpretation was used as an educational tool, and attending the gallery promoted social inclusion. These findings confirm the potential of cultural institutions, to promote education, health and wellbeing at individual and societal levels.
Re-stitching and strengthening community: Three global examples of how doll-making translates into well-being in Indigenous cultures
Authors: Kandasamy Sujane , Anand Sonia , Wahi Gita , Wells Kate , Pringle Kirsty , Weatherall Loretta , Keogh Lyniece , Bailey Jessica , Rae Kym 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Traditional doll-making has important meanings that translate into personal and communal identity. As one of the earliest discovered play artefacts, dolls are deeply intertwined with symbolic meanings around spirituality, rituals, familial histories and communal traditions. These values are especially important in Indigenous groups where health and well-being pivots on the preservation of cultural heritage. This article develops the theory on the well-being functions of doll-making through the exploration of three different practices in Indigenous cultures across the globe. We explore the Gomeroi Yarning dolls (Australia), Six Nations Cornhusk dolls (Canada) and Siyazama Zulu dolls (South Africa) to show that, through building the expression of local community-level identity, these dolls support Indigenous world-views around well-being. Specifically, the Gomeroi Yarning dolls encourage the sharing of oral personal narratives, the Six Nations Cornhusk dolls promote the transmission of cultural teachings, and the Siyazama Zulu dolls create community support networks through locally relevant HIV/AIDS awareness. As a result, local Indigenous communities are strengthened through the space that is created for a healing process, capacity building for problem-solving, and the reclaiming of Indigenous identity. All of these factors are important steps for moving forward from the silence, dealing with trauma and difficult situations, and thus transforming pain and grief through cross-cultural communication.
Exploring the uniqueness of congenital heart disease: An interdisciplinary conversation
Authors: Layton Sofie , Wray Jo , Leaver Lindsay-Kay , Koniordou Despina , Schievano Silvia , Taylor Andrew M. , Biglino Giovanni 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
An arts workshop investigated the process of communicating the notion of uniqueness with young people with congenital heart disease (CHD) and whether threedimensional (3D) visualization could be more effective than two-dimensional (2D) visualization for elaborating CHD anatomy and increasing awareness. Young people with CHD (n=7, 14–18 years old) were invited to a workshop by a multidisciplinary team (a visual artist, a bioengineer, two psychologists and an adolescent clinical nurse specialist). The artist guided the participants through self-portrait exercises, creative writing, painting a body map, discussions and reflections. Participants also discussed a range of 3D-printed heart models. Participants unanimously agreed that a 3D-sculpted self-portrait form was more immediate than a 2D portrait form for representing themselves. Body maps provided insight into their inner landscape. In discussing 3D heart models, different preferences emerged, at times contrasting or even opposed. The quality of engagement was excellent throughout. An interdisciplinary approach can be successfully used to explore the potentially sensitive theme of uniqueness in CHD.
Kant’s Criticisms of Ontological and Onto-theological Arguments for the Existence of God
Authors: Rukgaber Matthew 
Published: August 2016

AbstractKant’s objection to the ontological argument in the first Critique is thought to be contained within the claim that ‘existence is not a predicate’. This article maintains that this ‘digression’ on existence is not Kant’s main objection. Instead, Kant argues within the first eight paragraphs of this fourteen paragraph section that there is no meaningful predication - either logical or real - without a synthetic, existential judgment concerning the subject of predication. Thus, the very subject of predication of the proof (God) is an empty concept and an indeterminate nominal definition (rather than a real possibility) that allows for neither meaningful predication nor the generation of a contradiction. I argue that this objection is significantly different than classical objections that are often identified with it and from Kant’s objection in 1763. I also argue that Kant’s target is not simply the Cartesian argument but is also his own pre-critical onto-theological argument. There is little evidence that Kant continues to accept the a priori onto-theological argument, and, in fact, he rejects its core claims in his discussion of the ontological argument and in the final paragraphs of the section on the Ideal of Reason.
The Kantian Legacy in French Empiricism During the Early Nineteenth Century
Authors: Braverman Charles 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAlthough one may hope to gain a better understanding of Kantianism through a discussion of Kantian arguments against empiricism, my paper will rather be devoted to the study of the ‘images’ of Kant which were spread in France at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Those images did not faithfully depict Kantianism but they described what French philosophers knew about Kant and they had some influence on the development of French philosophy at the time. Actually, I will show that the study of this reception of some images of Kant contributes to reveal what I call a ‘French empiricism’ but also a renewal of the attitude of some French philosophers toward experience. This French empiricism (which was in my opinion defended by the French Ideology and especially by its leaders: Destutt de Tracy and Cabanis) was characterised by a legacy from English philosophers (especially Bacon and Locke) and from Condillac’s sensualism. It was influenced by the genetic approach in order to explain all our ideas from experience, by the interpretation of experience as conscious effects of senses and also by the necessity of making and classifying experimentations. French empiricism was then especially characterised by a physiological and medical approach very interested in conscious efforts which were regarded as the beginning of the genesis of human intelligence. The French reception of Kantianism and its opposition to it reveal those characteristics of a French empiricism. However, this reception of Kantian philosophy was not only made of oppositions. Degérando, for instance, used some images of Kant and especially the idea of the activity of the subject in order to criticise what he saw as a traditional empiricism and to defend a ‘true’ ‘philosophy of experience
The Two Dogmas without Empiricism
Authors: Hall Bryan W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn Two Dogmas of Empiricism W.V. Quine begins his attack on the analytic/ synthetic dogma by criticizing Immanuel Kant’s conception of analyticity. After dismissing Kant’s interpretation as well as others, he articulates a view of the analytic/synthetic distinction that connects it to the other dogma of empiricism, reductionism. Ultimately, Quine rejects both dogmas in favor of a new form of empiricism which subscribes to neither one. Just as Quine believes it is possible to accept empiricism without the dogmas, I will argue that the Kantian can accept both dogmas while avoiding the forms of empiricism that Quine considers in his article. The paper is broken into four sections. First, I offer a brief overview of the two dogmas and their relationship to one another before examining Quine’s argument against ‘radical reductionism’, i.e., the position that every meaningful sentence is translatable into a sentence about immediate experience that is either true or false. The second section shows how one of Kant’s arguments from the Critique of Pure Reason anticipates the crux of Quine’s argument against radical reductionism. What is left after this argument is only an ’attenuated form’ of reductionism that Quine believes is identical to the analytic/synthetic distinction. In the third section, I explain how Kantians can draw the analytic/ synthetic distinction in a way that is consistent with this attenuated form of reductionism while avoiding the objections that Quine lodges against the two dogmas. I argue that this allows the Kantian to accept the dogmas while avoiding both the radically reductive form of empiricism as well as the form of empiricism that Quine endorses (web-of-belief holism). Finally, I will consider how this Kantian version of the analytic/synthetic distinction can be extended beyond the theoretical domain to practical and aesthetic sentences
The Unconditioned and the Absolute in Kant and Early German Romanticism
Authors: Watkins Eric 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This paper argues not only that Schelling, Novalis, and Friedrich Schlegel are reacting directly to Kant (rather than simply to each other and to other post-Kantian figures), but also that they are responding in complex ways to one particularly prominent and distinctive line of thought in Kant, namely his account of reason, conditions, and the unconditioned. Though Kant argues that we cannot have cognition of unconditioned objects, he none the less thinks that reason demands that we accept the existence of such objects. The paper argues that the German Romantics take over this general line of thought, though they do so in different contexts and to different ends. Specifically, focusing on this dimension of Kant’s thought allows us to see both how the logic of conditioning relations can be seen to be driving their arguments for the Absolute, and how Kant’s particular conception of conditioning relations gives rise to important differences from the views of the German Romantics. For whereas he distinguishes different kinds of real conditioning relations, they operate with a generic conception of conditioning that leads to their distinctive Romantic views.