bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ivabradine Reduces Digitalis‐induced Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: Frommeyer Gerrit , Weller Jan , Ellermann Christian , Bögeholz Nils , Leitz Patrick , Dechering Dirk G. , Kochhäuser Simon , Wasmer Kristina , Eckardt Lars 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe I(f) channel inhibitor ivabradine is recommended for treatment of heart failure but also affects potassium currents and thereby prolongs ventricular repolarization. The aim of this study was to examine the electrophysiological effects of ivabradine on digitalis‐induced ventricular arrhythmias.Thirteen rabbit hearts were isolated and Langendorff‐perfused. After obtaining baseline data, the digitalis glycoside ouabain was infused (0.2 μM). Monophasic action potentials and ECG showed a significant abbreviation of QT interval (−34 ms, p < 0.05) and action potential duration (APD90; −27 ms, p < 0.05). The shortening of ventricular repolarization was accompanied by a reduction in effective refractory period (ERP; −27 ms, p < 0.05). Thereafter, hearts were additionally treated with ivabradine (5 μM). Of note, this did not exert significant effects on QT interval (−4 ms, p = ns) or APD90 (−15 ms, p = ns) but resulted in an increase in ERP (+17 ms, p < 0.05). This led to a significant increase in post‐repolarization refractoriness (PRR, +32 ms, p < 0.01) as compared with sole ouabain treatment.Under baseline conditions, ventricular fibrillation (VF) was inducible by a standardized pacing protocol including programmed stimulation and burst stimulation in four of 13 hearts (31%; 15 episodes). After application of 0.2 μM ouabain, eight of 13 hearts were inducible (62%, 49 episodes). Additional infusion of 5 μM ivabradine led to a significant suppression of VF. Only four episodes could be induced in two of 13 hearts (15%).In this study, ivabradine reduced digitalis‐induced ventricular arrhythmias. Ivabradine did not affect ventricular repolarization in the presence of digitalis treatment but demonstrated potent anti‐arrhythmic properties based on an increase in both ERP and PRR. The study further characterizes the beneficial electrophysiological profile of ivabradine.
Stuck in the spin cycle: Avoidance and intrusions following breast cancer diagnosis
Authors: Bauer Margaret R. , Wiley Joshua F. , Weihs Karen L. , Stanton Annette L. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTheories and research regarding cognitive and emotional processing during the experience of profound stressors suggest that the presence of intrusive thoughts and feelings predicts greater use of avoidance and that the use of avoidance paradoxically predicts more intrusions. However, empirical investigations of their purported bidirectional relationship are limited.DesignThis study presents a longitudinal investigation of the reciprocal relationship between intrusions and avoidance coping over a 6‐month period in the year following breast cancer diagnosis.MethodsBreast cancer patients (N = 460) completed measures of cancer‐related intrusions and avoidance at study entry, 3 months, and 6 months later (i.e., an average of 2, 5, and 8 months after diagnosis, respectively).ResultsCross‐lagged panel analyses revealed that intrusive thoughts, feelings, and images at study entry predicted greater avoidance 3 months later, and avoidance coping at study entry predicted intrusions 3 months later, controlling for the stability of intrusions and avoidance as well as time since diagnosis. Findings were not statistically significant for avoidance predicting intrusions, or vice versa, between the 3‐month and the 6‐month assessment period, during which they declined.ConclusionsThese findings provide empirical support for the theoretical contention that avoidance and intrusive thoughts and emotions reciprocally influence one another following stressful events. Additionally, in the months shortly after breast cancer diagnosis, intrusions and avoidance are positively related. However, the relationships attenuate over time, which could indicate resolved cognitive and emotional processing of the cancer experience.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Following stressful life events, individuals often experience intrusive thoughts and feelings related to the event and they report avoidance of such reminders. Many studies demonstrate that greater intrusions predict more subsequent use of avoidance coping, and other studies show that greater use of avoidance predicts more intrusions. Their reciprocal relation has not been examined, however.

What does this study add?

This is the first examination of the concurrent, reciprocal influence of intrusions and avoidance.

Findings suggest that accounting for the bidirectional influence of avoidance and intrusions best estimates hypothesized models.

Higher intrusions and avoidance predicted each other for the first 3 months after study entry, but the relationship diminished 6 months after study entry, perhaps due to productive mental processing of the stress of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Impacts of logging roads on tropical forests
Authors: Kleinschroth Fritz , Healey John R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRoad networks are expanding in tropical countries, increasing human access to remote forests that act as refuges for biodiversity and provide globally important ecosystem services. Logging is one of the main drivers of road construction in tropical forests. We evaluated forest fragmentation and impacts of logging roads on forest resilience and wildlife, considering the full life cycle of logging roads. Through an extensive evidence review we found that for logging road construction, corridors between 3 and 66 m (median 20 m) width are cleared, leading to a loss of 0.6–8.0 percent (median 1.7%) of forest cover. More severe impacts are increased fire incidence, soil erosion, landslides, and sediment accumulation in streams. Once opened, logging roads potentially allow continued access to the forest interior, which can lead to biological invasions, increased hunting pressure, and proliferation of swidden agriculture. Some roads, initially built for logging, become converted to permanent, public roads with subsequent in‐migration and conversion of forest to agriculture. Most logging roads, however, are abandoned to vegetation recovery. Given the far‐reaching impacts of the roads that become conduits for human access, its control after the end of logging operations is crucial. Strategic landscape planning should design road networks that concentrate efficient forest exploitation and conserve roadless areas.
Empirical Tests of a Brain‐Based Model of Executive Function Development
Authors: Perone Sammy , Plebanek Daniel J. , Lorenz Megan G. , Spencer John P. , Samuelson Larissa K. 
Published: June 2017

Executive function (EF) plays a foundational role in development. A brain‐based model of EF development is probed for the experiences that strengthen EF in the dimensional change card sort task in which children sort cards by one rule and then are asked to switch to another. Three‐year‐olds perseverate on the first rule, failing the task, whereas 4‐year‐olds pass. Three predictions of the model are tested to help 3‐year‐olds (N = 54) pass. Experiment 1 shows that experience with shapes and the label “shape” helps children. Experiment 2 shows that experience with colors—without a label—helps children. Experiment 3 shows that experience with colors induces dimensional attention. The implications of this work for early intervention are discussed.
Prolactin correction for adequacy of petrosal sinus cannulation may diminish diagnostic accuracy in Cushing's disease
Authors: De Sousa Sunita M. C. , McCormack Ann I. , McGrath Shaun , Torpy David J. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryObjectivePetrosal venous prolactin concentrations have been promoted to improve the diagnostic accuracy of inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS), beyond that achieved with ACTH measurement alone, in diagnosing a pituitary ACTH source and determining corticotrophinoma side (L/R). Our objective was to assess the effect of using prolactin to confirm adequacy of petrosal cannulation in a cohort of patients with ACTH‐dependent Cushing's syndrome.DesignRetrospective cohort study.PatientsThirteen patients with clinical and biochemical Cushing's syndrome who underwent IPSS.MeasurementsSerum prolactin and ACTH in peripheral and inferior petrosal sinus blood before and after corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (CRH) injection.ResultsThirteen consecutive patients were diagnosed with Cushing's disease using uncorrected ACTH ratios. The side of PRL excess was the same as the side of ACTH excess in all cases. Use of various published prolactin‐related equations suggested that the ACTH non‐dominant side was not cannulated in four, six or seven patients depending on the equation used. The equations generally decreased the central‐to‐peripheral gradient on the uncorrected ACTH dominant side, increased the central‐to‐peripheral gradient on the contralateral side and diminished or even reversed the ACTH intersinus gradient.ConclusionsConsistent co‐lateralisation of prolactin and ACTH in IPSS strongly suggests that prolactin cannot act as an independent guide to the diagnosis and lateralisation of Cushing's disease. All patients with Cushing's disease had a prolactin intersinus gradient towards the tumourous side of the pituitary, for likely biological reasons. PRL‐corrected ACTH concentrations may threaten the sensitivity and specificity of IPSS in diagnosing Cushing's disease and conceal lateralisation.
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of early loaded narrow‐diameter implants: 5‐year follow‐up of a multicenter prospective clinical study
Authors: Galindo‐Moreno Pablo , Nilsson Peter , King Paul , Worsaae Nils , Schramm Alexander , Padial‐Molina Miguel , Maiorana Carlo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study was initiated to evaluate the 5‐year implant survival rate and marginal bone levels around a 3.0‐mm implant when replacing a single tooth in the anterior region.Materials and methodsThe study was designed as a prospective, single‐arm, multicenter clinical study. Patients missing 12, 22, 32, 31, 41 or 42 teeth were included, and implants of 3.0 mm diameter and different lengths were placed by a one‐stage surgery protocol. Definitive cemented crowns were placed 6–10 weeks later. Clinical and radiographic measurements were taken at implant installation, at loading and at the 6‐, 12‐, 24‐, 36‐, 48‐ and 60‐month follow‐up visits.ResultsSixty‐nine patients with 97 implants were included in this study. Four implants were lost before loading (4.12% failure rate). Implant marginal bone levels did not differ statistically after the 1‐year follow‐up visit. After 5 years, no bone loss was observed for 50.60% of the implants and only 8.43% of them lost more than 1 mm. Similarly, probing pocket depths and gingival zenith scores did not change significantly.ConclusionsThe use of the two‐piece narrow 3.0‐mm titanium dental implant for the restoration of upper lateral or lower incisors is safe and results in stable marginal bone levels and probing pocket depths after 5 years of function.
If Possible, Incentivize Individuals Not Groups: Evidence from Lab‐in‐the‐Field Experiments on Forest Conservation in Rural Uganda
Authors: Gatiso Tsegaye T. , Vollan Björn , Vimal Ruppert , Kühl Hjalmar S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPayment for ecosystem services has become one of the most important conservation policy options worldwide. In developing countries, however, payments are often targeted toward communities instead of individuals. Nonetheless, there is little evidence for the effectiveness of different payment schemes in promoting proconservation behavior. We compare three payment schemes (community‐based payments [CBP], equality‐based individual payments [EBIP], and performance‐based individual payments [PBIP]) using dynamic behavioral experiments with 450 participants in 34 Ugandan villages. We further assess the interplay of the payment schemes with stylized local organizations including communication, leadership, and external advice. We find that PBIP lead to better conservation outcomes than EBIP and CBP. Furthermore, PBIP outperform CBP under all tested conditions. Thus, our results provide important insights for the design of future incentive‐based conservation interventions, and we underscore how our novel and low‐cost approach can be used to increase the effectiveness of conservation policies.
Superficial papular neuroma: Case series of a new entity
Authors: Chen Stephanie J.T. , Patel Rajiv M. , Hans Christine P. , Chan May P. , Fullen Douglas R. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundDermal neural lesions arise in various circumstances and may be difficult to classify.MethodsWe describe the clinical, histopathologic and immunophenotypic features of a series of terminally differentiated neural lesions not described previously, to our knowledge.ResultsFour cases from men aged 58 to 66 years were included. Some lesions reportedly bled, but no inciting trauma or prior biopsies were reported. None recurred after biopsy, with follow‐up ranging from 19 to 113 months. All lesions were papular, with vertically oriented S100‐positive spindled cells and nerve fibers in the papillary dermis. Slight epidermal hyperplasia, dilated superficial thin‐walled vessels and minimal to mild inflammation were seen in each. Fibers were uniformly fine in 3 cases, with slightly thicker central fibers in the fourth. Three had parakeratotic scale. None were associated with dermal fibrosis or adnexal proliferation. Neurofilament stained axons in each. EMA was negative in all cases. CD34, melan‐A and HMB45 were negative when performed.ConclusionsWe report a small series of benign neural lesions and propose the name “superficial papular neuroma” for this distinct entity. Awareness is important to understand the clinical significance of these lesions and avoid misinterpretation that could lead to overtreatment, unnecessary work‐up and increased cost.
The Presence of Women Photographers in the Permanent Collections of Ten European Museums
Authors: Muñoz‐Muñoz Ana M , González‐Moreno M Barbaño 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGender inequality in the various artistic disciplines is still a socio‐political problem despite the efforts of governments and institutions. The aim of this article was to examine the catalogues of the permanent collections of ten European museums: the Tate Modern, the Centre Pompidou, the MACBA (Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona), the Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía, the Istanbul Modern Art Museum, the MUMOK (Museum Moderner Kunst), the Stedelijk Museum, the Kiasma, the Hermitage Museum and the Astrup Fearnley Museet, and then compare the proportion of women among the artists in their collections. For this purpose, the number of works and artists was counted and analysed in each museum in the sample taking into account the social, political and economic conditions of the institution and relating them to the rest of art institutions. The results show a clear underrepresentation of women artists.
A Museum in a Refugee Camp. The National Museum of the Saharawi People in Algeria, Its Use and Function
Authors: Alcalde Gabriel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe paper considers the unique conditions that describe the National Museum of the Saharawi People, its relationship with visitors and its representation of the rights of residents of the refugee camp where it is located. In 1998, a National Museum of the Saharawi People was created in one of the several Saharawi refugee camps established in Eastern Algeria in the mid‐1970s. The museum was designed to provide knowledge about the cultures of the Western Sahara and to disseminate information about the challenges faced in the Saharawi territory. In 2006, a new curatorial investment was made and new exhibits mounted following a devastating flood that destroyed a substantial portion of the museum. In 2013 the Museum was remodelled. This case study undertaken after the 2013 reinstallation explored comments in the visitor books to understand how the museum contributed to cultural heritage, participated in the process of social cohesion, and supported the political struggle of a people demanding their right to self‐determination after decades of exclusion as residents in a refugee camp.
Ancient Carvings. Living Symbols. Sacred Space. Unlocking the Mysteries of Jeffers Petroglyphs
Authors: Sanders Thomas Lee , Williams Joe , Ross Tom 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAt Jeffers Petroglyphs, Historic Site, a team of American Indian elders and archaeologists working as colleagues have engaged in a day to day dialogue of researching and telling of American Indian history for 18 years. This research/education/management project explores the rich cultural landscape of JPHS located on the Red Rock Ridge in Southwest Minnesota's Cottonwood County. This 160‐acre site, owned and managed by the Minnesota Historical Society, is home to an estimated 5000 American Indian petroglyphs. The site is sacred to many American Indian communities and is situated in a Dakota homeland. The purpose of this article is to present one model for best research, education programming, conservation and operational management museum practice. This model privileges American Indian tradition knowledge, oral traditions spirituality, inquiry methods, and perspectives. Museum staff and non‐Indian inquiry methods play a supporting role. This model not only provides a telling of American Indian history from perspective of American Indian elders for museum visitors, but also satisfies the goal of these elders to recover, preserve, enhance and expand our knowledge of indigenous people before the coming of Europeans.
Oral health status of children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Ni , Wong Hai Ming , Wen Yi Feng , Mcgrath Colman 
Published: June 2017

AimTo compare the oral health status of children and adolescents affected by intellectual disabilities with their unaffected counterparts.MethodCitations published in English were searched from electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus) from their start dates to March 2017. The whole process was conducted following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses) guidelines. The PICO (population, intervention/interest, comparator, outcome) principle was used to formulate the topic. Studies were synthesized through qualitative summary or, whenever possible, meta‐analysis.ResultsThe initial search yielded 2393 records. Thirty‐nine studies from 22 countries were identified for qualitative analysis; 26 studies were eligible for meta‐analysis. Participants with intellectual disabilities had higher levels of dental plaque, worse gingival status, fewer decayed and filled permanent teeth, and similar caries experience between males and females. These findings were supported by both qualitative and quantitative analysis. Various patterns of caries experiences were indicated by qualitative analysis, but it was not substantiated by meta‐analysis.InterpretationThere is increasing worldwide interest in oral health status of children with intellectual disabilities. Differences in dental plaque deposition, gingival inflammation, and the number of decayed and filled permanent teeth were investigated between children and adolescents with and without intellectual disabilities. Evidence remains elusive about the pattern of caries experience among those children.
Treatment by a moisturizer of xerosis and cracks of the feet in men and women with diabetes: a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Gin H. , Rorive M. , Gautier S. , Condomines M. , Saint Aroman M. , Garrigue E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate a moisturizer containing urea, glycerine and petrolatum for healing deep open fissures on the feet of people with diabetes. If left untreated, open fissures, an entry point for bacteria, can lead to infection, ulceration and further complications.MethodsThis randomized, double‐blind, multicentre study at 19 hospitals, general practices and diabetologists in France and Belgium included participants with diabetes and a deep open target fissure on their heel. Participants were randomized to test cream or placebo (1 : 1) for 4 weeks. Complete target fissure healing after 4 weeks (primary criterion) and 2 weeks, target fissure closure, overall fissure healing and xerosis were assessed.ResultsSome 167 participants were randomized (80 to test cream; 87 to placebo); all were included in the efficacy analyses. The percentage of participants with complete target fissure healing after 4 weeks was higher with test cream than placebo (46.3% vs. 33.3%): the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.088). Fewer participants still had a deep open target fissure with test cream than placebo, the difference was statistically significant and clinically relevant after 2 (24.7% vs. 42.7%, P = 0.027) and 4 weeks (6.4% vs. 24.1%, P = 0.002). The difference in overall fissure healing between test cream and placebo was significant (P < 0.001) and test cream resulted in greater xerosis improvement (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002 at 2 and 4 weeks, respectively).ConclusionThe activity of the test cream for treating feet fissures of people with diabetes was confirmed by an improvement in open fissure healing and xerosis. The cream was well tolerated.
Micro‐investment perspective and the potential of the universal basic income
Authors: Eskelinen Teppo , Perkiö Johanna 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe article evaluates prospects of the Basic Income (BI) as a development policy tool. While BI is a relatively new initiative within development policy, the article argues that it should be seen as a serious option in the future, given the changing geography of poverty and the findings from existing cash transfer schemes. The analysis is carried out as a synthesis of existing findings on BI pilot programmes, along with cash transfer instruments more generally. While not including new empirical data, the synthesis allows preliminary estimates on the likely impacts of abolishing conditioning and targeting in cash transfer schemes. Particular attention is paid to the notion of micro‐investment and the psychological conditions of micro‐investment.
Tooth autotransplantation as a pillar for 3D regeneration of the alveolar process after severe traumatic injury: A case report
Authors: Anitua Eduardo , Mendinueva‐Urkia Maialen , Galan‐Bringas Sandra , Murias‐Freijo Alia , Alkhraisat Mohammad Hamdan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn dental traumatology, the loss of teeth and the supporting alveolar bone in children compromise the proper development of maxillofacial structures and also limit the solutions that can be offered. In this case report, multidisciplinary management is described of a child with a significant loss of alveolar bone and associated teeth due to a traffic accident at 8 years of age. The management involved staged teeth autotransplantation into surgically prepared sites with bone expanders, orthodontic treatment and dental implants. The 3D regeneration of the alveolar process was successfully stimulated by teeth autotransplantation. At the 4‐year follow‐up visit, evaluation of the autotransplanted teeth and the implants indicated a successful outcome for the patient.