bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
6‐mm‐long implants loaded with fiber‐reinforced composite resin‐bonded fixed prostheses (FRCRBFDPs). A 5‐year prospective study
Authors: Rossi Fabio , Lang Niklaus P. , Ricci Emanuele , Ferraioli Lorenzo , Marchetti Claudio , Botticelli Daniele 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes and the survival rates of fiber‐reinforced composite resin‐bonded fixed prostheses (FRCRBFDPs) placed in the posterior area supported by two short (6 mm) implants.Materials and MethodsTwenty consecutive patients received 40 SLActive 6‐mm‐long implants with a diameter of 4.1 mm (n = 29) or 4.8 mm (n = 11). Insertion torques and RFA (Resonance Frequency Analysis) were measured at implant installation. The prosthetic rehabilitation was performed after 8 weeks from insertion with a screw‐retained two‐ or three‐unit fixed dental prosthesis fabricated of FRCRBFDPs. Implant survival rates and marginal bone levels were evaluated at various time intervals until 5 years after loading.ResultsTwo of 20 patients lost four implants supporting two FRCRBFDPs between the second and the third year of follow‐up (cumulative survival rate: 90% after 5 years). Four patients suffered a fracture of the prosthetic reconstruction, and the success rate of the rehabilitation was 70% after 5 years. A mean marginal bone loss of 0.30 ± 0.34 mm was found after 5 years of function at the remaining implants.ConclusionThe survival of short implants was 90% owing to two bridges losses in the maxilla. However, the success rate of FRCRBFDPs over 5 years was only at 70%.
Olfactory evaluation in Mild Cognitive Impairment: correlation with neurocognitive performance and endothelial function
Authors: Tonacci Alessandro , Bruno Rosa M. , Ghiadoni Lorenzo , Pratali Lorenza , Berardi Nicoletta , Tognoni Gloria , Cintoli Simona , Volpi Leda , Bonuccelli Ubaldo , Sicari Rosa , Taddei Stefano , Maffei Lamberto , Picano Eugenio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is an intermediate condition between normal aging and dementia, associated with an increased risk of progression into the latter within months or years. Olfactory impairment, a well‐known biomarker for neurodegeneration, might be present in the condition early, possibly representing a signal for future pathological onset. Our study aimed at evaluating olfactory function in MCI and healthy controls in relation to neurocognitive performance and endothelial function. A total of 85 individuals with MCI and 41 healthy controls, matched for age and gender, were recruited. Olfactory function was assessed by Sniffin’ Sticks Extended Test (Burghart, Medizintechnik, GmbH, Wedel, Germany). A comprehensive neurocognitive assessment was performed. Endothelial function was assessed by flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery by ultrasound. MCI individuals showed an impaired olfactory function compared to controls. The overall olfactory score is able to predict MCI with a good sensitivity and specificity (70.3 and 77.4% respectively). In MCI, olfactory identification score is correlated with a number of neurocognitive abilities, including overall cognitive status, dementia rating, immediate and delayed memory, visuospatial ability and verbal fluency. FMD was reduced in MCI (2.90 ± 2.15 vs. 3.66 ± 1.96%, P = 0.016) and was positively associated with olfactory identification score (ρs=0.219, P = 0.025). The association remained significant after controlling for age, gender, and smoking. In conclusion, olfactory evaluation is able to discriminate between MCI and healthy individuals. Systemic vascular dysfunction might be involved, at least indirectly, in olfactory dysfunction in MCI.
Possible role of nuclear β‐catenin in resistance to preoperative chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Takahashi Hiroyuki , Nakamura Kie , Usami Akane , Tsuruta Tomoko , Hashimura Miki , Matsumoto Toshihide , Saegusa Makoto 
Published: March 2017

Aimsβ‐Catenin signalling participates in the regulation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)/cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of β‐catenin in resistance to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer, especially pertaining to its association with EMT/CSC features.Methods and resultsA total of 109 cases of locally advanced rectal cancer, along with a colon cancer cell line, were investigated. Nuclear β‐catenin accumulation in pretreatment‐biopsied samples was inversely associated with the therapeutic efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in resected rectal cancer. In resected tumours, nuclear β‐catenin was predominantly observed in EMT‐like lesions with decreased E‐cadherin and increased Snail expression, along with expression of CSC‐related markers. The EMT‐like lesions also showed significant decreases in both apoptosis and cell proliferation as compared with non‐EMT lesions. In‐vitro culture of a colon cancer cell line in STK2 was sufficient to induce EMT/CSC properties together with nuclear β‐catenin accumulation, and showed inhibition of cell proliferation and resistance to doxorubicin treatment.ConclusionNuclear β‐catenin accumulation may contribute to chemoradioresistance in locally advanced rectal cancer, probably through its regulation of EMT/CSC properties. In addition, nuclear β‐catenin in pretreatment‐biopsied samples is useful in predicting the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy in patients with rectal cancer.
Adverse events in cardiac surgery, a mixed methods retrospective study in an Italian teaching hospital
Authors: Bellandi Tommaso , Tartaglia Riccardo , Forni Silvia , D'Arienzo Sara , Tulli Giorgio 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesAdverse events (AEs) are a major concern in surgery, but the evidence in cardiac surgery is limited, especially on the contributory factors. According to the data of the National Outcomes Program, a unit was selected to conduct a mixed methods investigation into the incidence, type, and cause of AE, given its mortality rate that was double the national average on coronary artery bypass grafting, valve reparation, and replacement.MethodsA retrospective investigation on the performance of a cardiac surgery, combining the routinely collected data on process and outcome measures with a 2‐stage structured review of 280 medical records performed by 3 expert clinicians, with the support of a methodologist.ResultsAt least one risk had been verified in 137 of 280 cases (48.9%, 95% CI, 43.1‐54.8). The total number of AE was 42, with an incidence of 15% (95% CI, 10.8‐20.2) and a preventability of 80.9% (95% CI, 69.1‐92.8). In 11.9% of AE, the consequence is death, disability in 40.5%, and extended hospital stay in 69% of the cases. Adverse events are associated with problems in care management at the ward (89/137, 64.9%, 95% CI, 56.9‐72.9), followed by surgical complications (46/137, 33.6%, 95% CI, 25.7‐41.5) and infection/sepsis (32/137, 23.4%, 95% CI, 16.3‐30.4). An active error was made by the health care workers in 31 of 42 cases with AE, either during the decision making or during the execution of an action. A total of 36 AEs were due to deficiencies attributed to organizational factors and 31 were linked to poor teamwork.ConclusionsThe mixed methods approach demonstrated how a deep understanding of AE and poor performance may emerge thanks to the combination of routinely available data and experts' evaluations. The main limitation of this study is its focus on the cardiac surgery rather than on the entire process of care. The evaluation could have been integrated with on‐site observations and the analysis of reported incidents.
Review in peeling complications
Authors: Costa Izelda Maria Carvalho , Damasceno Patrick Silva , Costa Mariana Carvalho , Gomes Keila Gabrielle Pati 
Published: March 2017

SummaryChemical peeling, a procedure wherein a chemical agent is applied to the skin to cause controlled destruction followed by regeneration and remodeling, is a dynamic tool for the treatment of acne, pigmentation issues, and photoaging [Journal of cutaneous and aesthetic surgery vol. 5 (2012) 254–260]. The results and complications are related to the depth of the procedure, with deeper peels producing more marked results and higher rates of complications. Complications are more likely with darker skin types, certain peeling agents, and sun exposure after treatment [Journal of cutaneous and aesthetic surgery vol. 5 (2012) 254–260]. They can range from minor irritations and uneven pigmentation to permanent scarring. In extremely uncommon cases, the complications can be life‐threatening. This knowledge is essential to prevent, reduce, and eliminate the occurrence of complications [Cirurgia dermatológica em consultório. São Paulo: Atheneu; 2009]. Swelling, pain, persistent erythema, pruritus, allergic reactions, folliculitis/acne, infection, herpes recurrence, hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation, demarcation lines, and scarring are some of the complications that will be discussed in this article. The first step in preventing complications is to identify the patients at risk. By doing so, complications can be anticipated, prevented, and, if they still occur, treated as early as possible.
Molecular evolution of Coq1 gene family in eukaryotes
Authors: Zhao Man , Ying Xiangxian , Sun Jie , Wang Zhao 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCoq1 genes encode polyprenyl diphosphate synthases, which determine the isoprenoid side chain of ubiquinone and plastoquinone in organisms. The biological roles of Coq1 genes have been widely investigated in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In our study, we analyzed the phylogenetic relationships, structural evolution, selection pressure, and functional divergence of Coq1 genes to comprehensively elucidate the evolutionary fates of these genes after duplication and to understand the evolutionary pattern of the Coq1 family. We surveyed 32 representative sequenced genomes and found 59 Coq1 genes widely distributed in prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Coq1 genes have diverged into two clades among eukaryotic lineages. Further evolutionary analysis in intron numbers, evolutionary rates, and degrees of positive selection indicated that the paired clades of Coq1 genes in each eukaryotic lineage were not synchronized, which hinted that their evolutionary processes probably have diverged. Furthermore, functional divergence analysis suggested that different types of subfunctionalization in the Coq1 gene family have occurred. In plants, the paired clades of Coq1 genes only diverged in their localization and expression, whereas the functions of these genes in animals and fungi were partially divided. Therefore, asymmetrical evolutionary processes achieved similar evolutionary fates with different types in the Coq1 gene family among eukaryotes, which might be related to the divergence and conservation of eukaryotic lineages during evolution.
Actigraphic sleep measures and diet quality in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sueño ancillary study
Authors: Mossavar‐Rahmani Yasmin , Weng Jia , Wang Rui , Shaw Pamela A. , Jung Molly , Sotres‐Alvarez Daniela , Castañeda Sheila F. , Gallo Linda C. , Gellman Marc D. , Qi Qibin , Ramos Alberto R. , Reid Kathryn J. , Van Horn Linda , Patel Sanjay R. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryUsing a cross‐sectional probability sample with actigraphy data and two 24‐h dietary recalls, we quantified the association between sleep duration, continuity, variability and timing with the Alternative Healthy Eating Index‐2010 diet quality score and its components in 2140 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos participants. The Alternative Healthy Eating Index diet quality‐2010 score ranges from 0 to 110, with higher scores indicating greater adherence to the dietary guidelines and lower risk from major chronic disease. None of the sleep measures was associated with total caloric intake as assessed using dietary recalls. However, both an increase in sleep duration and sleep efficiency were associated with healthier diet quality. Each standard deviation increase in sleep duration (1.05 h) and sleep efficiency (4.99%) was associated with a 0.30 point increase and 0.28 point increase, respectively, in the total Alternative Healthy Eating Index‐2010 score. The component of Alternative Healthy Eating Index‐2010 most strongly associated with longer sleep duration was increased nuts and legumes intake. The components of Alternative Healthy Eating Index‐2010 most strongly associated with higher sleep efficiency were increased whole fruit intake and decreased sodium intake. Both longer sleep duration and higher sleep efficiency were significantly associated with better diet quality among US Hispanic/Latino adults. The dietary components most strongly associated with sleep duration and sleep efficiency differed, suggesting potentially independent mechanisms by which each aspect of sleep impacts dietary choices. Longitudinal research is needed to understand the directionality of these identified relationships and the generalizability of these data across other ethnic groups.
Long‐term outcomes of direct acting antivirals in post‐transplant advanced hepatitis C virus recurrence and fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis
Authors: Vukotic R. , Conti F. , Fagiuoli S. , Morelli M. C. , Pasulo L. , Colpani M. , Foschi F. G. , Berardi S. , Pianta P. , Mangano M. , Donato M. F. , Malinverno F. , Monico S. , Tamè M. , Mazzella G. , Belli L. S. , Viganò R. , Carrai P. , Burra P. , Russo F. P. , Lenci I. , Toniutto P. , Merli M. , Loiacono L. , Iemmolo R. , Degli Antoni A. M. , Romano A. , Picciotto A. , Rendina M. , Andreone P. ,   AISF‐SOFOLT Study group
Published: March 2017

SummaryLong‐term functional outcomes of sofosbuvir‐based antiviral treatment were evaluated in a cohort study involving 16 Italian centres within the international compassionate use programme for post‐transplant hepatitis C virus (HCV) recurrence. Seventy‐three patients with cirrhosis (n=52) or fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis (FCH, n=21) received 24‐week sofosbuvir with ribavirin±pegylated interferon or interferon‐free sofosbuvir‐based regimen with daclatasvir/simeprevir+ribavirin. The patients were observed for a median time of 103 (82‐112) weeks. Twelve of 73 (16.4%) died (10 non‐FCH, 2 FCH) and two underwent re‐LT. Sustained virological response was achieved in 46 of 66 (69.7%): 31 of 47 (66%) non‐FCH and 15 of 19 (79%) FCH patients. All relapsers were successfully retreated. Comparing the data of baseline with last follow‐up, MELD and Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh scores improved both in non‐FCH (15.3±6.5 vs 10.5±3.8, P<.0001 and 8.4±2.1 vs 5.7±1.3, P<.0001, respectively) and FCH (17.3±5.9 vs 10.1±2.8, P=.001 and 8.2±1.6 vs 5.5±1, P=.001, respectively). Short‐treatment mortality was higher in patients with baseline MELD≥25 than in those with MELD<25 (42.9% vs 4.8%, P=.011). Long‐term mortality was 53.3% among patients with baseline MELD≥20 and 7.5% among those with MELD<20 (P<.0001). Among deceased patients 75% were Child‐Turcotte‐Pugh class C at baseline, while among survivors 83.9% were class A or B (P<.0001). Direct acting antivirals‐based treatments for severe post‐transplant hepatitis C recurrence, comprising fibrosing cholestatic hepatitis, significantly improve liver function, even without viral clearance and permit an excellent long‐term survival. The setting of severe HCV recurrence may require the identification of “too‐sick‐to‐treat patients” to avoid futile treatments.
High‐pressure phase transitions of α‐quartz under nonhydrostatic dynamic conditions: A reconnaissance study at PETRA III
Authors: Carl Eva‐Regine , Mansfeld Ulrich , Liermann Hanns‐Peter , Danilewsky Andreas , Langenhorst Falko , Ehm Lars , Trullenque Ghislain , Kenkmann Thomas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHypervelocity collisions of solid bodies occur frequently in the solar system and affect rocks by shock waves and dynamic loading. A range of shock metamorphic effects and high‐pressure polymorphs in rock‐forming minerals are known from meteorites and terrestrial impact craters. Here, we investigate the formation of high‐pressure polymorphs of α‐quartz under dynamic and nonhydrostatic conditions and compare these disequilibrium states with those predicted by phase diagrams derived from static experiments under equilibrium conditions. We create highly dynamic conditions utilizing a mDAC and study the phase transformations in α‐quartz in situ by synchrotron powder X‐ray diffraction. Phase transitions of α‐quartz are studied at pressures up to 66.1 and different loading rates. At compression rates between 0.14 and 1.96 GPa s−1, experiments reveal that α‐quartz is amorphized and partially converted to stishovite between 20.7 GPa and 28.0 GPa. Therefore, coesite is not formed as would be expected from equilibrium conditions. With the increasing compression rate, a slight increase in the transition pressure occurs. The experiments show that dynamic compression causes an instantaneous formation of structures consisting only of SiO6 octahedra rather than the rearrangement of the SiO4 tetrahedra to form a coesite. Although shock compression rates are orders of magnitude faster, a similar mechanism could operate in impact events.
Population vulnerability models for asteroid impact risk assessment
Authors: Rumpf Clemens M. , Lewis Hugh G. , Atkinson Peter M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn asteroid impact is a low probability event with potentially devastating consequences. The Asteroid Risk Mitigation Optimization and Research (ARMOR) software tool calculates whether a colliding asteroid experiences an airburst or surface impact and calculates effect severity as well as reach on the global map. To calculate the consequences of an impact in terms of loss of human life, new vulnerability models are derived that connect the severity of seven impact effects (strong winds, overpressure shockwave, thermal radiation, seismic shaking, ejecta deposition, cratering, and tsunamis) with lethality to human populations. With the new vulnerability models, ARMOR estimates casualties of an impact under consideration of the local population and geography. The presented algorithms and models are employed in two case studies to estimate total casualties as well as the damage contribution of each impact effect. The case studies highlight that aerothermal effects are most harmful except for deep water impacts, where tsunamis are the dominant hazard. Continental shelves serve a protective function against the tsunami hazard caused by impactors on the shelf. Furthermore, the calculation of impact consequences facilitates asteroid risk estimation to better characterize a given threat, and the concept of risk as well as its applicability to the asteroid impact scenario are presented.
Neon produced by solar cosmic rays in ordinary chondrites
Authors: Roth Antoine S. G. , Trappitsch Reto , Metzler Knut , Hofmann Beda A. , Leya Ingo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSolar‐cosmic‐ray‐produced Ne (SCR‐Ne), in the form of low cosmogenic 21Ne/22Ne ratios (21Ne/22Necos <0.8), is more likely to be found in rare meteorite classes, like Martian meteorites, than in ordinary chondrites. This may be the result of a sampling bias: SCR‐Ne is better preserved in meteorites with small preatmospheric radii and these specimens are often only studied if they belong to unusual or rare classes. We measured He and Ne isotopic concentrations and nuclear tracks in 25 small unpaired ordinary chondrites from Oman. Most chondrites have been intensively heated during atmospheric entry as evidenced by the disturbed track records, the low 3He/21Ne ratios, the low 4He concentrations, and the high peak release temperatures. Concentration depth profiles indicate significant degassing; however, the Ne isotopes are mainly undisturbed. Remarkably, six chondrites have low 21Ne/22Necos in the range 0.711–0.805. Using a new physical model for the calculation of SCR production rates, we show that four of the chondrites contain up to ~20% of SCR‐Ne; they are analyzed in terms of preatmospheric sizes, cosmic ray exposure ages, mass ablation losses, and orbits. We conclude that SCR‐Ne is preserved, regardless of the meteorite class, in specimens with small preatmospheric radii. Sampling bias explains the predominance of SCR‐Ne in rare meteorites, although we cannot exclude that SCR‐Ne is more common in Martian meteorites than it is in small ordinary chondrites.
Expectations regarding action sequences modulate electrophysiological correlates of the gaze‐cueing effect
Authors: Perez‐Osorio Jairo , Müller Hermann J. , Wykowska Agnieszka 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPredictive mechanisms of the brain are important for social cognition, as they enable inferences about others' goals and intentions, thereby allowing for generation of expectations regarding what will happen next in the social environment. Therefore, attentional selection is modulated by expectations regarding behavior of others (Perez‐Osorio, Müller, Wiese, & Wykowska, 2015). In this article, we examined—using the ERPs of the EEG signal—which stages of processing are influenced by expectations about others' action steps. We used a paradigm in which a gaze‐cueing procedure was embedded in successively presented naturalistic photographs composing an action sequence. Our results showed (a) behavioral gaze‐cueing effects modulated by whether the observed agent gazed at an object that was expected to be gazed at, according to the action sequence; (b) the N1 component locked to the onset of a target was modulated both by spatial gaze validity and participants' expectations about where the agent would gaze to perform an action; (c) a more positive amplitude, locked to the shift of gaze direction for action‐congruent gaze, relative to incongruent and neutral conditions—over parieto‐occipital areas in the time window between 280 and 380 ms. Taken together, these findings revealed that confirmation or violation of expectations concerning others' goal‐oriented actions modulate attentional selection processes, as indexed by early ERP components.
The
oppD
Gene and Putative Peptidase Genes May Be Required for Virulence in Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Authors: Tseng Chi-Wen , Chiu Chien-Ju , Kanci Anna , Citti Christine , Rosengarten Renate , Browning Glenn F. , Markham Philip F. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT

Relatively few virulence genes have been identified in pathogenic mycoplasmas, so we used signature-tagged mutagenesis to identify mutants of the avian pathogen
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
with a reduced capacity to persist
in vivo
and compared the levels of virulence of selected mutants in experimentally infected chickens. Four mutants had insertions in one of the two incomplete
oppABCDF
operons, and a further three had insertions in distinct hypothetical genes, two containing peptidase motifs and one containing a member of a gene family. The three hypothetical gene mutants and the two with insertions in
oppD
1
were used to infect chickens, and all five were shown to have a reduced capacity to induce respiratory tract lesions. One
oppD
1
mutant and the MGA_1102 and MGA_1079 mutants had a greatly reduced capacity to persist in the respiratory tract and to induce systemic antibody responses against
M. gallisepticum
. The other
oppD
1
mutant and the MGA_0588 mutant had less capacity than the wild type to persist in the respiratory tract but did elicit systemic antibody responses. Although
M. gallisepticum
carries two incomplete
opp
operons, one of which has been acquired by horizontal gene transfer, our results suggest that one of the copies of
oppD
may be required for full expression of virulence. We have also shown that three hypothetical genes, two of which encode putative peptidases, may be required for full expression of virulence in
M. gallisepticum.
None of these genes has previously been shown to influence virulence in pathogenic mycoplasmas.