bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petrology and Geochemistry of A-type granites from Khanak and Devsar Areas of Bhiwani District, Southwestern Haryana
Authors: Sharma Radhika , Kumar Naresh 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Petrological and geochemical characteristics of the granites from the Khanak and Devsar areas have been discussed in this paper. Based on field, petrographical and geochemical observations, three types of granites (grey, green and pink granite) have been identified in these areas. Grey granites consist of quartz, plagioclase, biotite, hornblende as essential minerals and hematite, zircon, annite, monazite & rutile as accessory minerals. Petrographically, green granites are same as grey granites including perthite and zircon as accessory minerals. Pink granites consist of quartz, k-feldspar and biotite in Khanak whereas in Devsar granites alike as Khanak granites, but plagioclase is replaced by perthite and occurs as dominantly. Microscopically, granites of both areas show porphyritic, hypidiomorphic, granophyric, perthitic and micro granophyric textures. Geochemically, major oxide elements (except alkalies) and trace elements (Ba, Sr, Cr, Ni, V, Cu, Zn, Ga, Pb, Th and Zr) are more in green and grey granites of Khanak and Devsar areas than pink granites. Generally, they show enrichments in SiO2, Na2O+K2O, Fe/Mg, Rb, Zr, Y and and AI (Agpaitic Index) (ranges from 0.10 to 1.18) and depletion in MgO, CaO, P, Ti, Ni, Cr and V indicate their A-type affinity which is very similar to the A-type granites of MIS (Malani igneous suite) in northwestern peninsular India. Green and grey granites of Devsar area show high concentrations of Heat production (HP) 9.68 & 11.70 μWm−3 and total Heat Generation Unit (HGU) i.e 23.04 & 27.86 respectively. On the other hand, pink granites of Khanak area display a higher enrichment of HP (16.53 μWm−3) and HGU (39.37) than those granites of Devsar area. Overall, they have much a higher values of HP and HGU than the average value of continental crust (3.8 HGU), which imply a possible linear relationship with the surface heat flow and crustal heat generation in the rocks of MIS. From the petrography as well as the chemistry of Khanak and Devsar granites, it is suggested that they might have derived from the different degree of partial melting from the similar source of magma.
Diatoms, Spatial Distribution and Physicochemical Characteristics of the Wular Lake Sediments, Kashmir Valley, Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Shah Rayees Ahmad , Achyuthan Hema , Lone Aasif Mohmad , Ramanibai R. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Lakes and wetlands are dynamic geomorphic units of a landscape that hold geochemical signatures of sediment provenance and paleo-environmental shifts and are major sinks for organic matter accumulation. The source of organic matter is diverse in lake sediments and varies widely with the type and size of the lake and hence it is important to understand the source of organic carbon (terrestrial or in situ) in lake systems in order to monitor the health of the lake. Wular lake, located in north Kashmir, is one of the largest fresh water lake in India, situated at an average elevation of 1580m ASL. The lake is fed by a number of watersheds that bring a diverse type of sediments and organic matter and thus deposit them into the Wular lake basin. In order to understand sediment distribution pattern, content and source of organic matter, sediment provenance and the persisting environment in the Wular lake, 32 lake floor sediment samples covering the entire lake were collected and analyzed for organic element analysis, CaCO3, organic matter, sediment texture and diatom analysis. The results indicated that sediments in the lake are dominated by silt and silty clay. The organic carbon in the lake ranged from 0.83%-4.52% and nitrogen varied from 0.06%-0.5%. The Carbon to Nitrogen (C/N) ratios (9.04 to 22.03) indicate a mixed source of organic carbon but dominated by in situ lake sources from the vascular and lake biota accumulation. The diatom analysis revealed the occurrence of a diverse type of species along the sampling sites present within the lake. The wide distribution of the diatom species such as Cymbella, Cyclotella and Tabularia etc. in the lake indicate high organic pollution and alkaline fresh water environment prevailing in the lake.
Palaeochannel-controlled Depositional Features of the Cretaceous Lower Mahadek Uranium Mineralisation in Umthongkut Area, West Khasi Hills, Meghalaya
Authors: Bhattacharjee Purnajit , Rengarajan M. , Srivastava S. K. , Hamilton S. , Mohanty R. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Sedimentological studies along Horin nala section of Umthongkut area in the lower Mahadek sediments have enabled the characterization of channel and resulting sandstone body. Nine lithofacies repeat to generate multistoried sandstone bodies deposited in channel belts. Lithofacies types identified were grouped into facies assemblages and into three different architectural elements. Based on the architectural elements the depositional palaeo-environment, resemble multichannel, low sinuosity braided system, considered as the product of the complex evolution of a fluvial fan segment. Palaeo-current data analysis indicates a low sinuosity river system with consistent current directions pointing toward south. The provenance for the sandstone type uranium mineralisation is primarily related to the basement crystalline rocks like granite and granite-gneisses, which apparently supplied the uranium. As the channel fills tend to have more porosity due to difference in the sizes of grains and clasts and with the tendency of concentration of more organic matter along these loci, the interaction of mineralizing fluids along with the reductants caused the precipitation of the uranium.
Recurring Emergence of the Mud Islands on Shelf of the Arabian Sea along the Makran Coast of Pakistan – Historical Perspective Using Remote Sensing Techniques
Authors: Kassi Akhtar M. , Bayraktar Huseyin , Khan Shuhab D. , Kasi Aimal K. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Recurring emergences of mud islands on shelf of the Arabian Sea, along the Makran coast of Pakistan are now known to be submarine mud volcanoes. They are expressions of enhanced extrusions of fluidized mud and gases coupled with compressional tectonics in convergent margin settings. Since 1945 the Malan island has emerged four times, and some other mud islands have also been emerging repeatedly, at their own positions.
The first known emergence, during November 1945, was concurrent with an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 (M8.0), the 2ndand 3rdemergences, in March 1999 and November 2010 respectively, were not related apparently with earthquakes. The 4themergence concurred with the Awaran earthquake (M7.7) of 24thSeptember 2013. Landsat images of March 1999 and November 2010 emergences indicate appearance of round-shaped island of 4.4 and 5.2 hectare area, followed by erosion and disappearance. The island was composed of mud breccias and circular vents spewing mud slurry and methane gas.
The emergence of Malan island, in March 1999 and November 2010 was compared with earthquake data before and after the emergences. The earthquakes data, two years before March 1999 and November 2010 emergences and two years afterwards, shows correlation with both small and large earthquakes, prior to the emergence, in the radius of over 400 km. It is proposed that mud islands develop in response to the episodes of enhanced mud extrusion, which inturn are related with the enhanced compressional and/or seismic events. These events are followed by periods of relative quiescence characterized by normal activity of mud extrusion and marine erosion.
Characterization of Fluid Inclusions Encaged in Quartz Veins of Parsoi Formation, Central India
Authors: Dubey R. K. , Shankar Ravi 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
The study focuses on analysis of primary and secondary fluid inclusions present in quartz veins hosted in the phyllites to explore the stress and temperature conditions at the time of formation of metasediment sequences of the of Parsoi Formation, central India. The results reveal the two-phase liquid-rich fluid inclusions that indicate that the intrusions of quartz veins in phyllite may have taken place between the temperature from 168.8°C to 256.3°C with an average of 205.55°C from a magmatic moderately saline fluid (3.7 to 18.29 wt. % NaCl equiv.). The final ice-melting temperatures ranges from -14.6°C to -2.2°C which indicate that the aqueous fluids are mainly H2O-NaCl. The density distribution of fluid inclusions rich in liquid H2O only are unimodel and low in natures and appears to be entrapped between pressure 1.666 to 2.125 kbar at depth of 200m. The study supports epithermal nature of fluid inclusions. The characteristic of fluid inclusions along with lithological and structural peculiarities, nature of structural features may be helpful in exploring the future potential zone of gold mineralization in similar types of area.
The Effect of Offloading Heels on Sacral Pressure
Authors: Al‐Majid Sadeeka , Vuncanon Barbara , Carlson Nika , Rakovski Cyril 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOffloading a patient's heels during supine surgical procedures is a common practice to prevent heel pressure injuries. This practice may increase sacral pressure and jeopardize sacral skin integrity, but prophylactic dressings may help protect sacral skin. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of offloading the heels and of multilayered silicone foam dressings on sacral pressure. We measured the sacral pressure of 50 healthy volunteers using a pressure‐mapping system under four conditions: heels not offloaded and sacral dressing applied, heels offloaded and dressing applied, heels not offloaded and no dressing, and heels offloaded and no dressing. We used linear mixed‐effects modeling to compare the effects of these conditions on sacral pressure. Offloading the heels significantly increased sacral pressure (P < .001), whereas the dressing had no effect on sacral pressure (P = .49). Offloading a patient's heels may increase the risk of sacral pressure injuries.
Clinical Issues—September 2017
Authors: Wood Amber 
Published: September 2017

This MonthPerforming Staphylococcus aureus decolonization for urgent proceduresKey words: decolonization, Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA, MSSA, mupirocin.Hand hygiene before donning glovesKey words: hand hygiene, glove, personal protective equipment.Hand hygiene before skin prepKey words: hand hygiene, skin prep, sterile task, aseptic task.Scrubbing by stroke versus timed methodKey words: surgical hand rub, surgical scrub, stroke method, timed method.
Guideline Implementation: Positioning the Patient
Authors: Burlingame Byron L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEvery surgical procedure requires positioning the patient; however, all surgical positions are associated with the potential for the patient to experience a positioning injury. The locations and types of potential injuries (eg, stretching, compression, pressure injury) depend on the position. Factors that may increase the patient's risk for an injury are the length of the procedure and risk factors inherent to the patient (eg, weight, age, frailty). AORN's updated “Guideline for positioning the patient” provides guidance on injury prevention practices for all surgical positions including supine, Trendelenburg, reverse Trendelenburg, lateral, lithotomy, prone, and sitting positions and modifications of these positions. This article focuses on the key points of the guideline covering the use of prophylactic dressings, neurophysiological monitoring, and safely positioning the patient in the supine and prone positions. Perioperative RNs should review the complete guideline for additional information and for guidance when writing and updating policies and procedures.
Quality of life in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: The impact of symptomatic remission and resilience
Authors: Hofer A. , Mizuno Y. , Wartelsteiner F. , Wolfgang Fleischhacker W. , Frajo-Apor B. , Kemmler G. , Mimura M. , Pardeller S. , Sondermann C. , Suzuki T. , Welte A. , Uchida H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground:Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is significantly affected in individuals with schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder (BD-I). The current study investigated whether symptomatic remission and resilience might differently impact HRQOL in these patients.Methods:Fifty-two patients with schizophrenia and 60 patients suffering from BD-I from outpatient mental health services as well as 77 healthy control subjects from the general community were included into a cross-sectional study. HRQOL and resilience were assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF and the Resilience Scale. In patients, psychopathology was quantified by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale or the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale and the Young Mania Rating Scale, respectively.Results:Notably, both patient groups showed lower HRQOL and resilience compared to control subjects, non-remitted patients indicated lower HRQOL than remitted ones. The effect of remission on HRQOL was significantly larger in patients with BD-I than in those with schizophrenia but did not explain the difference in HRQOL between groups. Resilience predicted HRQOL in all three groups. When accounting for the effect of resilience among remitted patients, only the difference in HRQOL between schizophrenia patients and control subjects was significant.Conclusion:These findings demonstrate the impact of symptomatic remission and resilience on HRQOL of both patients suffering from schizophrenia and BD-I and indicate that these factors are especially relevant for HRQOL of patients with BD-I.
A thiol probe for measuring unfolded protein load and proteostasis in cells
Authors: Chen Moore Z. , Moily Nagaraj S. , Bridgford Jessica L. , Wood Rebecca J. , Radwan Mona , Smith Trevor A. , Song Zhegang , Tang Ben Zhong , Tilley Leann , Xu Xiaohong , Reid Gavin E. , Pouladi Mahmoud A. , Hong Yuning , Hatters Danny M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWhen proteostasis becomes unbalanced, unfolded proteins can accumulate and aggregate. Here we report that the dye, tetraphenylethene maleimide (TPE-MI) can be used to measure cellular unfolded protein load. TPE-MI fluorescence is activated upon labelling free cysteine thiols, normally buried in the core of globular proteins that are exposed upon unfolding. Crucially TPE-MI does not become fluorescent when conjugated to soluble glutathione. We find that TPE-MI fluorescence is enhanced upon reaction with cellular proteomes under conditions promoting accumulation of unfolded proteins. TPE-MI reactivity can be used to track which proteins expose more cysteine residues under stress through proteomic analysis. We show that TPE-MI can report imbalances in proteostasis in induced pluripotent stem cell models of Huntington disease, as well as cells transfected with mutant Huntington exon 1 before the formation of visible aggregates. TPE-MI also detects protein damage following dihydroartemisinin treatment of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum. TPE-MI therefore holds promise as a tool to probe proteostasis mechanisms in disease.
Multiscale cytometry and regulation of 3D cell cultures on a chip
Authors: Sart Sébastien , Tomasi Raphaël F.-X. , Amselem Gabriel , Baroud Charles N. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThree-dimensional cell culture is emerging as a more relevant alternative to the traditional two-dimensional format. Yet the ability to perform cytometry at the single cell level on intact three-dimensional spheroids or together with temporal regulation of the cell microenvironment remains limited. Here we describe a microfluidic platform to perform high-density three-dimensional culture, controlled stimulation, and observation in a single chip. The method extends the capabilities of droplet microfluidics for performing long-term culture of adherent cells. Using arrays of 500 spheroids per chip, in situ immunocytochemistry and image analysis provide multiscale cytometry that we demonstrate at the population scale, on 104 single spheroids, and over 105 single cells, correlating functionality with cellular location within the spheroids. Also, an individual spheroid can be extracted for further analysis or culturing. This will enable a shift towards quantitative studies on three-dimensional cultures, under dynamic conditions, with implications for stem cells, organs-on-chips, or cancer research.
Engineered proteins with sensing and activating modules for automated reprogramming of cellular functions
Authors: Sun Jie , Lei Lei , Tsai Chih-Ming , Wang Yi , Shi Yiwen , Ouyang Mingxing , Lu Shaoying , Seong Jihye , Kim Tae-Jin , Wang Pengzhi , Huang Min , Xu Xiangdong , Nizet Victor , Chien Shu , Wang Yingxiao 
Published: September 2017

AbstractProtein-based biosensors or activators have been engineered to visualize molecular signals or manipulate cellular functions. Here we integrate these two functionalities into one protein molecule, an integrated sensing and activating protein (iSNAP). A prototype that can detect tyrosine phosphorylation and immediately activate auto-inhibited Shp2 phosphatase, Shp2-iSNAP, is designed through modular assembly. When Shp2-iSNAP is fused to the SIRPα receptor which typically transduces anti-phagocytic signals from the ‘don’t eat me’ CD47 ligand through negative Shp1 signaling, the engineered macrophages not only allow visualization of SIRPα phosphorylation upon CD47 engagement but also rewire the CD47-SIRPα axis into the positive Shp2 signaling, which enhances phagocytosis of opsonized tumor cells. A second SIRPα Syk-iSNAP with redesigned sensor and activator modules can likewise rewire the CD47-SIRPα axis to the pro-phagocytic Syk kinase activation. Thus, our approach can be extended to execute a broad range of sensing and automated reprogramming actions for directed therapeutics.
Global fibroblast activation throughout the left ventricle but localized fibrosis after myocardial infarction
Authors: Nagaraju Chandan K. , Dries Eef , Popovic Natasa , Singh Abhishek A. , Haemers Peter , Roderick H. Llewelyn , Claus Piet , Sipido Karin R. , Driesen Ronald B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFibroblast (Fb) differentiation and interstitial fibrosis contribute to cardiac remodeling and loss of function after myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated regional presence and regulation of fibrosis in a pig MI model. In vivo analysis of regional function and perfusion defined three regions: the scar, the myocardium adjacent to the scar (MIadjacent, reduced function, reduced perfusion reserve), and the remote myocardium (MIremote, minimal functional deficit, maintained perfusion). Interstitial and perivascular fibrosis, and increase of collagen type I, was only observed in the MIadjacent. Fb activated protein-alpha (FAP-α) was enriched in MIadjacent compared to MIremote. TGF-β1, which triggers Fb differentiation, was upregulated in both MIadjacent and MIremote, whereas lysyl oxidase, a regulator of collagen cross-linking, and the proteoglycans decorin and biglycan were only increased in the MIadjacent. Fb isolated and cultured for 4 days had myoFb characteristics with little difference between MIremote and MIadjacent, although RNA sequencing revealed differences in gene expression profiles. Fbs from all regions maintained proliferative capacity, and induced contraction of 3-D collagen matrices but scar myoFb was more effective. These data suggest that after MI, signaling through TGF-β1, possibly related to increased mechanical load, drives Fb activation throughout the left ventricle while regional signaling determines further maturation and extracellular matrix remodeling after MI.
Robustness and mode selectivity in parity-time (PT) symmetric lasers
Authors: Teimourpour M. H. , Khajavikhan M. , Christodoulides D. N. , El-Ganainy R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe investigate two important aspects of PT symmetric photonic molecule lasers, namely the robustness of their single longitudinal mode operation against instabilities triggered by spectral hole burning effects, and the possibility of more versatile mode selectivity. Our results, supported by numerically integrating the nonlinear rate equations and performing linear stability analysis, reveals the following: (1) In principle a second threshold exists after which single mode operation becomes unstable, signaling multimode oscillatory dynamics, (2) For a wide range of design parameters, single mode operation of PT lasers having relatively large free spectral range (FSR) can be robust even at higher gain values, (3) PT symmetric photonic molecule lasers are more robust than their counterpart structures made of single microresonators; and (4) Extending the concept of single longitudinal mode operation based on PT symmetry in millimeter long edge emitting lasers having smaller FSR can be challenging due to instabilities induced by nonlinear modal interactions. Finally we also present a possible strategy based on loss engineering to achieve more control over the mode selectivity by suppressing the mode that has the highest gain (i.e. lies under the peak of the gain spectrum curve) and switch the lasing action to another mode.
Shape-based separation of microalga Euglena gracilis using inertial microfluidics
Authors: Li Ming , Muñoz Hector Enrique , Goda Keisuke , Di Carlo Dino 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEuglena gracilis(E. gracilis) has been proposed as one of the most attractive microalgae species for biodiesel and biomass production, which exhibits a number of shapes, such as spherical, spindle-shaped, and elongated. Shape is an important biomarker forE. gracilis, serving as an indicator of biological clock status, photosynthetic and respiratory capacity, cell-cycle phase, and environmental condition. The ability to prepareE. gracilisof uniform shape at high purities has significant implications for various applications in biological research and industrial processes. Here, we adopt a label-free, high-throughput, and continuous technique utilizing inertial microfluidics to separateE. gracilisby a key shape parameter-cell aspect ratio (AR). The microfluidic device consists of a straight rectangular microchannel, a gradually expanding region, and five outlets with fluidic resistors, allowing for inertial focusing and ordering, enhancement of the differences in cell lateral positions, and accurate separation, respectively. By making use of the shape-activated differences in lateral inertial focusing dynamic equilibrium positions,E. graciliswith different ARs ranging from 1 to 7 are directed to different outlets.
Graphene Quantum Dot Solid Sheets: Strong blue-light-emitting & photocurrent-producing band-gap-opened nanostructures
Authors: Bharathi Ganapathi , Nataraj Devaraj , Premkumar Sellan , Sowmiya Murugaiyan , Senthilkumar Kittusamy , Thangadurai T. Daniel , Khyzhun Oleg Yu , Gupta Mukul , Phase Deodatta , Patra Nirmalendu , Jha Shambhu Nath , Bhattacharyya Dibyendu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGraphene has been studied intensively in opto-electronics, and its transport properties are well established. However, efforts to induce intrinsic optical properties are still in progress. Herein, we report the production of micron-sized sheets by interconnecting graphene quantum dots (GQDs), which are termed ‘GQD solid sheets’, with intrinsic absorption and emission properties. Since a GQD solid sheet is an interconnected QD system, it possesses the optical properties of GQDs. Metal atoms that interconnect the GQDs in the bottom-up hydrothermal growth process, induce the semiconducting behaviour in the GQD solid sheets. X-ray absorption measurements and quantum chemical calculations provide clear evidence for the metal-mediated growth process. The as-grown graphene quantum dot solids undergo a Forster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) interaction with GQDs to exhibit an unconventional 36% photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield in the blue region at 440 nm. A high-magnitude photocurrent was also induced in graphene quantum dot solid sheets by the energy transfer process.