bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of a Structured Approach to the Analysis of Management Options and Value of Information for a Recreationally Exploited Fish Population: A Case Study of Walleyes in Saginaw Bay
Authors: Fielder David G. , Jones Michael L. , Bence James R. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Saginaw Bay Walleyes Sander vitreus contribute to fisheries throughout Lake Huron including a recreational fishery and by-kill stemming from the state-licensed commercial fishery in the bay. Two critical uncertain states of nature exist concerning the true magnitude (catchability) of the by-kill and the future of Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus in Lake Huron, the latter being a strong determinant of Walleye recruitment. After consulting with fishery managers, a stochastic simulation model was developed and used to evaluate management options for the recreational fishery in the form of a decision analysis and the value of information for improved estimates of by-kill magnitude. Decision analysis sought to identify the maximum sustainable recreational harvest. Sustainable harvest was defined as the average across 250 stochastic simulations for each management option considered while penalizing any simulation year with a value of zero if sustainability criteria were exceeded. Decision analysis indicated that sustainable harvest would be maximized if recreational fishing mortality were increased 50% from recent levels. Realizing this potential, however, would require more intensive management to ensure that desired levels of fishing mortality occurred. Choices by managers for allocating surplus harvest are a matter of policy, but concerns over maintaining predation pressure on Alewives to suppress their resurgence may be reasons to manage conservatively by electing instead to maintain a higher predator abundance. The value of information analysis revealed that the improvement in the recreational fishery warrants investment in further research on the uncertainty over by-kill catchability.
Received June 25, 2015; accepted November 20, 2015 Published online March 31, 2016
Spawn Timing and Redd Morphology of Anadromous Coastal Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii in a Tributary of South Puget Sound, Washington
Authors: Losee James P. , Phillips Larry , Young William C. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Spawn timing information for Coastal Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii is typically limited to counts of adult fish at traps and tagging studies based on few samples. These types of data have suggested a protracted spawning period that occurs between November and March. We sought to determine the spawn timing and describe the redd morphology of anadromous Coastal Cutthroat Trout in a typical coastal stream of southern Puget Sound, Washington. Skookum Creek was surveyed for live and dead Coastal Cutthroat Trout and redds once weekly from early October to early June during six spawning season (2008–2014). In total, 148 live adults and 544 redds were observed. The timing of redd construction was highly variable among years, with 50% of redd detections occurring by as early as February 13 or as late as April 27. Measurements were collected from individual redds to describe redd morphology and the habitat type utilized by spawning Coastal Cutthroat Trout. Redds were typically found in substrate composed of small gravel (1.3–3.8 cm) and large gravel (3.8–7.6 cm) and in water with an average velocity of 0.60 m/s. The pit within redds averaged 0.43 m wide × 0.48 m long. Information from this study may provide new insights that will allow fisheries managers to begin developing a species-specific approach to monitoring anadromous Coastal Cutthroat Trout.
Received July 2, 2015; accepted December 2, 2015 Published online March 31, 2016
Characterization of NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase isozymes from a psychrophilic bacterium, Colwellia psychrerythraea strain 34H
Authors: Suzuki Kaori , Takada Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
NADP+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isozymes of a psychrophilic bacterium, Colwellia psychrerythraea strain 34H, were characterized. The coexistence of monomeric and homodimeric IDHs in this bacterium was confirmed by Western blot analysis, the genes encoding two monomeric (IDH-IIa and IDH-IIb) and one dimeric (IDH-I) IDHs were cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli, and the three IDH proteins were purified. Both of the purified IDH-IIa and IDH-IIb were found to be cold-adapted enzymes while the purified IDH-I showed mesophilic properties. However, the specific activities of IDH-IIa and IDH-IIb were lower even at low temperatures than that of IDH-I. Therefore, IDH-I was suggested to be important for the growth of this bacterium. The results of colony formation of E. coli transformants carrying the respective IDH genes and IDH activities in their crude extracts indicated that the expression of the IDH-IIa gene is cold-inducible in the E. coli cells.
Metabolic abnormalities induced by mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle of the renal carcinoma Eker (TSC2+/−) rat model
Authors: Aizawa Yumi , Shirai Tomomi , Kobayashi Toshiyuki , Hino Okio , Tsujii Yoshimasa , Inoue Hirofumi , Kazami Machiko , Tadokoro Tadahiro , Suzuki Tsukasa , Kobayashi Ken-Ichi , Yamamoto Yuji 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) is a mediator of insulin signal transduction, and a loss of function in TSC2 induces hyperactivation of mTORC1 pathway, which leads to tumorigenesis. We have previously demonstrated that Eker rat model, which is heterozygous for a TSC2 mutation, exhibits hyperglycemia and hyperketonemia. The present study was to investigate whether these changes also can affect metabolism in skeletal muscle of the Eker rat. Wild-type (TSC2+/+) and Eker (TSC2+/−) rats underwent an oral glucose tolerance test, and the latter showed decrease in whole-body glucose utilization. Additionally, reductions in the expression of glycolysis-, lipolysis-, and ketone body-related genes in skeletal muscle were observed in Eker rats. Furthermore, ATP content and mitochondrial DNA copy number were lower in skeletal muscle of Eker rats. These data demonstrate that heterozygous to mutation TSC2 not only affects the liver metabolism, but also skeletal muscle metabolism, via mitochondrial dysfunction.
Core fusion power gain and alpha heating in JET, TFTR, and ITER
Authors: Budny R.V. , Cordey J.G. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Profiles of the ratio of fusion power and the auxiliary heating power q

DT
are calculated for the TFTR and JET discharges with the highest neutron emission rates, and are predicted for ITER. Core values above 1.3 for JET and 0.8 for TFTR are obtained. Values above 20 are predicted for ITER baseline plasmas.
Lucrezia Marinella
Authors: Stampino Maria Galli 
Published: April 2016

Lucrezia Marinella (b. 1571–d. 1653) was a widely known author in Venice and throughout Italy in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Her poetry and prose works were printed (and even reprinted), attracting notice and renown. Despite her subsequent fame as a proto-feminist, most of her writing is devoted to religious topics, in which her personal, pro-woman stance is present but expressed in ways that are in keeping with the constraints of genre and the culture of her time. She was daughter, sister, and wife to physicians. Marinella’s knowledge emerges as varied and extensive in her writings. Her published texts fall between 1595 and 1605 and then 1617 and 1648; this hiatus is usually explained by the date of her marriage (1607). As remarkable as the length of her career is the span of topics her works engage: lives and stories of the Virgin and of several saints, the struggle of man to defeat sin under the guise of classical mythology, the role of women in society and culture, and the Fourth Crusade are but a few. From her will we know she had a son and a daughter, as well as a granddaughter from the latter. Her diverse topics, choice of form, wide-ranging selection of dedicatees, individual voice, and long career make her an important point of reference for exploring post–Council of Trent literary production by women in Italian.
François Truffaut
Authors: Fox Alistair 
Published: April 2016

François Truffaut (b. 1932–d. 1984) is renowned both for the originality and for the enduring popularity of his films, being considered an iconic figure of the French New Wave, a movement for which he was an aggressive and controversial spokesman. Prior to becoming a filmmaker, Truffaut was a critic and film theorist, contributing to the journal Cahiers du Cinéma. Notorious for his ferocious attack on traditional French “quality cinema,” he also asserted that the director is the true author of a film, on the grounds that a director’s stylistic and thematic choices reveal his identity as surely as fingerprints. Having turned to filmmaking, Truffaut achieved instant success with his first feature film, The 400 Blows (Les 400 coups), which gained a prize at the Cannes Festival in 1959 and was universally acclaimed. Thereafter, he regularly produced a film every two years, accumulating an oeuvre of twenty-five films, a number of which, such as Day for Night (La Nuit américaine, 1973) and The Last Metro (Le Dernier Métro, 1980), were highly successful both in France and abroad. Subsequently, Truffaut’s reputation suffered a decline as his popularity grew with the incorporation of elements of genre cinema into his films, which caused certain of his fellow filmmakers, such as Jean-Luc Godard, to see him as betraying the ideals of the New Wave for the sake of achieving commercial success. In recent years, however, there has been a revival of interest in Truffaut, reflected in several retrospectives of his films, and the discovery of complexities in his work that have modified earlier appraisals of him as a sentimental, lightweight filmmaker. Indisputably, Truffaut has exerted an enormous influence on subsequent filmmaking in France and elsewhere, his influence being most evident in the auteur cinema of le Jeune Cinéma Français (Young French Cinema) of the 1990s and 2000s, the New Hollywood cinema of the 1970s, recent American “indie” movies, and various “New Waves” in a number of national cinemas such as those of Germany, Denmark, Taiwan, Australia, and New Zealand. Prominent contemporary filmmakers such as Steven Spielberg, Arnaud Desplechin, and Tsai Ming Liang have freely confessed their debt to Truffaut, leaving little doubt that Truffaut is emerging as one of the most influential figures in the history of cinema. Tragically, Truffaut’s career was cut short by his death from a brain tumor in 1984, leaving a number of foreshadowed projects unrealized.
The Great Leap Forward and the Famine
Authors: Wemheuer Felix 
Published: April 2016

Until the early 1980s, little was known about the Great Leap Famine (1959–1962) that caused the deaths of 15 to 45 million Chinese. Mao Zedong’s campaign called the “Great Leap Forward” (1958–1961) (大跃进) aimed to transform China into a modern industrial nation and to prepare China for communism in the near future. However, the Great Leap resulted in one of the greatest disasters in history. In the three years that followed, a massive famine occurred. Serious academic demographic research started when the population census completed in 1982 became available. In the 1990s, political scientists and economists dominated the field of research. They tried to adopt Western theories of bureaucratic organizations and apply statistical models to understand the causes and progression of the Great Leap. The research in this period was strongly focused on the role of Mao Zedong and elite politics. In the 2000s, a new generation of scholars carried out research regarding the experiences of ordinary people and the famine at the village level. It became possible for foreign scholars to hold oral history interviews with survivors of the famine and get access to county archives. Substantial provincial and local variations regarding death rates and the radicalism of leaders were debated. While some books on the famine were banned on mainland China, memoirs of cadres, new biographies of party leaders, or collections of government documents could be published. In the last few years, the Great Leap Famine has become a hot topic and scholarly research has reached a broader Western audience. New archival histories have been published based on documents from provincial archives.
Evolutionary stability of microbial communities with antibiotic degrading species
Authors: Kelsic Eric D. , Vetsigian Kalin , Kishony Roy 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA major puzzle in ecology is how antibiotic resistant, sensitive and producer species coexist in close proximity. Recently, we showed that antibiotic degrading species dramatically alter community dynamics: replacing intrinsic resistance with resistance through degradation generates stable communities resilient to spatial mixing, large species abundance perturbations, changes in interaction strengths, and differences in species growth rates1. In addition to ecological stability, it is interesting to consider evolutionary stability of these communities to the appearance of cheater species that either cease production or degradation of antibiotics. Our investigation of evolutionary stability of cyclical 3-species communities revealed that these communities are robust to cheaters that stop degrading antibiotics. Our simulations also showed that cheaters that stop producing antibiotics do not take over the community1, yet they can transiently invade and cause community collapse2. In the analytical approximation we initially investigated, production cheaters with a small fitness advantage can invade the community simply because the benefit of inhibiting competitors is shared among all cells2. Here, we consider evolutionary stability to cheaters in our complete model1, where spatial mixing is introduced only after a short range colonization step. In this regime, an antibiotic producer cell directly benefits from killing nearby competitor species as it has a greater chance of colonizing the newly voided spaces created by the action of its antibiotic. Simulating response to cheater invasions for the cyclical three species community and for random 4-species ecologically stable topologies, we find that these communities can be fully resilient to both degradation and production cheaters. The strength of selection against cheaters varies with the area of the zone of inhibition around producers and is maximized for weak inhibition, where there is less overlap between the killing zones of neighboring cells. These results may aid the construction of complex synthetic communities that are both ecological and evolutionary stable.
Repeated duplication of Argonaute2 is associated with strong selection and testis specialization inDrosophila
Authors: Lewis Samuel H. , Webster Claire L. , Salmela Heli , Obbard Darren J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractArgonaute2 (Ago2) is a rapidly evolving nuclease in theDrosophila melanogasterRNA interference (RNAi) pathway that targets viruses and transposable elements in somatic tissues. Here we reconstruct the history of Ago2 duplications across theDrosophila obscuragroup, and use patterns of gene expression to infer new functional specialization. We show that some duplications are old, shared by the entire species group, and that losses may be common, including previously undetected losses in the lineage leading toD. pseudoobscura. We find that while the original (syntenic) gene copy has generally retained the ancestral ubiquitous expression pattern, most of the novel Ago2 paralogues have independently specialized to testis-specific expression. Using population genetic analyses, we show that most testis-specific paralogues have significantly lower genetic diversity than the genome-wide average. This suggests recent positive selection in three different species, and model-based analyses provide strong evidence of recent hard selective sweeps in or near four of the six D. pseudoobscura Ago2 paralogues. We speculate that the repeated evolution of testis-specificity in obscura group Ago2 genes, combined with their dynamic turnover and strong signatures of adaptive evolution, may be associated with highly derived roles in the suppression of transposable elements or meiotic drive. Our study highlights the lability of RNAi pathways, even within well-studied groups such asDrosophila, and suggests that strong selection may act quickly after duplication in RNAi pathways, potentially giving rise to new and unknown RNAi functions in non-model species.Supporting DataAll new sequences produced in this study have been submitted to Genbank asKX016642-KX016771.
A new dispersal-informed null model for community ecology shows strong performance
Authors: Miller Eliot 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNull models in ecology have been developed that, by maintaining some aspects of observed communities and repeatedly randomizing others, allow researchers to test for the action of community assembly processes like habitat filtering and competitive exclusion. Such processes are often detected using phylogenetic community structure metrics. When biologically significant elements, such as the number of species per assemblage, break down during randomizations, it can lead to high error rates. Realistic dispersal probabilities are often neglected during randomization, and existing models make the oftentimes empirically unreasonable assumption that all species are equally probable of dispersing to a given site. When this assumption is unwarranted, null models need to incorporate dispersal probabilities. I do so here, and present a dispersal null model (DNM) that strictly maintains species richness, and approximately maintains species occurrence frequencies and total abundance. I tested its statistical performance when used with a wide breadth of phylogenetic community structure metrics across 3,000 simulated communities assembled according to neutral, habitat filtering, and competitive exclusion processes. The DNM performed well, exhibiting low error rates (both type I and II). I also implemented it in a re-analysis of a large empirical dataset, an abundance matrix of 696 sites and 75 species of Australian Meliphagidae. Although the overall signal from that study remained unchanged, it showed that statistically significant phylogenetic clustering could have been an artifact of dispersal limitations.
Learning the discourse of quality assurance
Authors: Lundin Mona , Lundin Johan 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
In this study, online in-service training for people employed in the food production industry is scrutinized. The purpose of this study is to analyse how the participants adapt to such online environments in terms of the kind of discussions they establish. The more specific interest relates to how the participants discuss current work experiences in relation to the contents of quality assurance they are expected to learn.

Design/methodology/approach
The data analyzed are Web discussions in forms of chat log files from ten courses.

Findings
The results show that, on the one hand, general principles have to be substantiated in the form of concrete examples to actually function as principles and, on the other hand, concrete examples are made interesting only if they have a bearing on a more general issue. Another interesting finding is that the course participants gradually take over the vocabulary of quality assurance; they more frequently write about their work in terms of, e.g. criteria, relevance, estimations and hazards. The conclusion is that Web discussions as part of in-service training constitute a new arena for reflection in and on practice.

Originality/value
This is interesting to explore, as it is designed to meet the needs of employers and employees to learn the new set of rules and procedures, which regulate the European food industry. In this respect, the training activities are of direct relevance to daily work practices. Simultaneously, online environments seem to offer flexibility and thus constitute a solution for training in a dispersed industry.
Flume testing of seepage velocity monitoring using optic fiber distributed temperature sensing for embankments
Authors: Wang Chunhong , Chen Jihong , Wang Jin , Chen Jianping 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) can identify locations and factors of seepage in embankments. Inspired by the classical transient hot-wire method (THW), the focus of this paper is to investigate the feasibility and propose a calibrated method of seepage velocity monitoring using the optical fiber DTS.

Design/methodology/approach
According to the definition and the measurement of thermal conductivity, the nominal thermal conductivity, which comprehensively reflects the influence of heat transfer and seepage factors, is proposed and the corresponding solution is also derived. Then, a flume testing platform of an embankment seepage monitoring system composed of the optical fiber heat-up subsystem, the seepage controlling subsystem and the optical fiber DTS subsystem is designed and built. Meanwhile, the data processing and assistant analysis subsystem (DPAAS) is also developed to effectively acquire the experimental data of concerned locations and obtain the corresponding nominal thermal conductivity under various seepage conditions. Based on these setups, a series of laboratory flume experiments are carried out under controlled velocities and heating powers.

Findings
The plots of recorded temperature rise versus natural logarithm of time allow the calculation of nominal thermal conductivities, and then the seepage velocity monitoring model particular to the experimental setup is successfully established with satisfactory precision.

Research limitations/implications
Considering the complexity of water flow in embankments, a seepage flume that matches the natural system, allowing for larger experimental model scales, various water temperatures, various engineering materials and a wider range of seepage velocities, should be investigated in future.

Practical implications
The combined THW and DTS method provides promising potential in real-time seepage monitoring of embankment dams with the help of the developed DPAAS.

Originality/value
In this work, we performed a flume testing of seepage velocity monitoring platform using optical fiber distributed-temperature sensing for embankments based on the transient hot-wire method. Through the testing of data, the seepage velocity monitoring model particular to the experimental setup was established. The results presented here are very encouraging and demonstrate that the DTS system can be used to monitor the temperature and the seepage factors in field applications.
Novel method for hyperspectral unmixing: fuzzy c-means unmixing
Authors: Nie Mingyu , Liu Zhi , Li Xiaomei , Wu Qiang , Tang Bo , Xiao Xiaoyan , Sun Yulin , Chang Jun , Zheng Chengyun 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to effectively achieve endmembers and relative abundances simultaneously in hyperspectral image unmixing yield. Hyperspectral unmixing, which is an important step before image classification and recognition, is a challenging issue because of the limited resolution of image sensors and the complex diversity of nature. Unmixing can be performed using different methods, such as blind source separation and semi-supervised spectral unmixing. However, these methods have disadvantages such as inaccurate results or the need for the spectral library to be known a priori.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes a novel method for hyperspectral unmixing called fuzzy c-means unmixing, which achieves endmembers and relative abundance through repeated iteration analysis at the same time.

Findings
Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively implement hyperspectral unmixing with high accuracy.

Originality/value
The proposed method present an effective framework for the challenging field of hyperspectral image unmixing.