bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrospinning for nano- to mesoscale photonic structures
Authors: Skinner Jack L. , Andriolo Jessica M. , Murphy John P. , Ross Brandon M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The fabrication of photonic and electronic structures and devices has directed the manufacturing industry for the last 50 years. Currently, the majority of small-scale photonic devices are created by traditional microfabrication techniques that create features by processes such as lithography and electron or ion beam direct writing. Microfabrication techniques are often expensive and slow. In contrast, the use of electrospinning (ES) in the fabrication of micro- and nano-scale devices for the manipulation of photons and electrons provides a relatively simple and economic viable alternative. ES involves the delivery of a polymer solution to a capillary held at a high voltage relative to the fiber deposition surface. Electrostatic force developed between the collection plate and the polymer promotes fiber deposition onto the collection plate. Issues with ES fabrication exist primarily due to an instability region that exists between the capillary and collection plate and is characterized by chaotic motion of the depositing polymer fiber. Material limitations to ES also exist; not all polymers of interest are amenable to the ES process due to process dependencies on molecular weight and chain entanglement or incompatibility with other polymers and overall process compatibility. Passive and active electronic and photonic fibers fabricated through the ES have great potential for use in light generation and collection in optical and electronic structures/devices. ES produces fiber devices that can be combined with inorganic, metallic, biological, or organic materials for novel device design. Synergistic material selection and post-processing techniques are also utilized for broad-ranging applications of organic nanofibers that span from biological to electronic, photovoltaic, or photonic. As the ability to electrospin optically and/or electronically active materials in a controlled manner continues to improve, the complexity and diversity of devices fabricated from this process can be expected to grow rapidly and provide an alternative to traditional resource-intensive fabrication techniques.
Mixed-ligand aminoalcohol-dicarboxylate copper(II) coordination polymers as catalysts for the oxidative functionalization of cyclic alkanes and alkenes
Authors: Kirillova Marina V. , Paiva Polyana Tomé de , Carvalho Wagner A. , Mandelli Dalmo , Kirillov Alexander M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNew copper(II) catalytic systems for the mild oxidative C–H functionalization of cycloalkanes and cycloalkenes were developed, which are based on a series of mixed-ligand aminoalcohol-dicarboxylate coordination polymers, namely [Cu2(μ-dmea)2(μ-nda)(H2O)2]n·2nH2O (1), [Cu2(μ-Hmdea)2(μ-nda)]n·2nH2O (2), and [Cu2(μ-Hbdea)2(μ-nda)]n·2nH2O (3) that bear slightly different dicopper(II) aminoalcoholate cores, as well as on a structurally distinct dicopper(II) [Cu2(H4etda)2(μ-nda)]·nda·4H2O (4) derivative [abbreviations: H2nda, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid; Hdmea,N,N′-dimethylethanolamine; H2mdea,N-methyldiethanolamine; H2bdea,N-butyldiethanolamine; H4etda,N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine]. Compounds1–4act as homogeneous catalysts in the three types of model catalytic reactions that proceed in aqueous acetonitrile medium under mild conditions (50–60°C): (i) the oxidation of cyclohexane by hydrogen peroxide to cyclohexyl hydroperoxide, cyclohexanol, and cyclohexanone, (ii) the oxidation of cycloalkenes (cyclohexene, cyclooctene) by hydrogen peroxide to a mixture of different oxidation products, and (iii) the single-pot hydrocarboxylation of cycloalkanes (cyclopentane, cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane) by carbon monoxide, water, and a peroxodisulfate oxidant into the corresponding cycloalkanecarboxylic acids. The catalyst and substrate scope as well as some mechanistic features were investigated; the highest catalytic activity of1–4was observed in the hydrocarboxylation of cycloalkanes, allowing to achieve up to 50% total product yields (based on substrate).
Effect of natural products on diabetes associated neurological disorders
Authors: Patel Sita Sharan , Udayabanu Malairaman 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDiabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder, is associated with neurological complications such as depression, anxiety, hypolocomotion, cognitive dysfunction, phobias, anorexia, stroke, pain, etc. Traditional system of medicine is long known for its efficient management of diabetes. The current review discusses the scope of some common medicinal herbs as well as secondary metabolites with a special focus on diabetes-mediated central nervous system complications. Literatures suggest that natural products reduce diabetes-mediated neurological complications partly by reducing oxidative stress and/or inflammation or apoptosis in certain brain regions. Natural products are known to modulate diabetes-mediated alterations in the level of acetylcholinesterase, choline acetyltransferase, monoamine oxidase, serotonin receptors, muscarinic receptors, insulin receptor, nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neuropeptide in brain. Further, there are several natural products reported to manage diabetic complications with unknown mechanism. In conclusion, medicinal plants or their secondary metabolites have a wide scope and possess therapeutic potential to effectively manage neurological complications associated with chronic diabetes.
Food and Agricultural Trade in the GCC: An Opportunity for South Asia?
Authors: Kodithuwakku Sarath , Weerahewa Jeevika , Boughanmi Houcine 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to assess the export potential of food and agricultural items from South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries to the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries. We investigated the pattern of trade between the two regions using trade indices and trade data for HS 1–24 categories and also estimated a gravity equation to determine the factors affecting bilateral trade. We extracted UN ComTrade data on exports from the Trademap and the WITS database was used to retrieve data in trade intensities. The results of the descriptive analysis show that India has an advantageous position to achieve more gains from increasing GCC-SAARC food and agricultural trade. The results of the estimation of the gravity equation indicate that the conventional trade cost variables have significant effects on total and food and agricultural trade and India have the highest potential for increasing food and agricultural exports to GCC countries. Further economic cooperation between the GCC and India in the form of a regional integration scheme would enhance trade and food security in the region.
Inédits 4 (1966–1990): De la sémiologie à la sémiotique. Choix de lettres d’A. J. Greimas
Authors: Greimas Algirdas J. , Broden Thomas F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAs of his undergraduate days in Grenoble if not before, and up to 1992, Greimas maintained an ample and regular correspondence, notably with family, friends, collaborators, and students. In 1990, he told a compatriot that he mailed about thirty letters a week (Greimas, letter to Aleksandra Kašuba, 4 Sept. 1990, in Greimas and Kašuba (2008: 183)) – and he undoubtedly received as many. A number of correspondents saved his missives, sometimes along with a draft or carbon copy of their letters to him. Public and private collections hold a small portion of these exchanges, and a number of individuals have published a selection of his correspondence. Unfortunately, for his part, Greimas later burned most of the letters in French that he had received, as well as communications from family members. As he explained to Louis-Jean Calvet around 1988, “I was in the process of burning my correspondence. It’s the end of bringing everything to an end.” (Greimas, interviewed by Louis-Jean Calvet, ca. 1988, two cassette tapes.) On the other hand, Greimas did keep certain letters of intellectual or historical interest that he received from Lithuanians. He even edited the letters that the poet Henrikas Radauskas had sent him, which came out as an article in 1993 (see Greimas (1993) in the bibliography), and agreed with Aleksandra Kašuba to save the entirety of their epistolary exchanges for publication in book form, a project realized in 2008. Below, the reader will find a tiny sample of letters that Greimas sent colleagues.
Evaluation of prolidase activity in uremic bone disease
Authors: Kösem Arzu , Öğüş Elmas , Duranay Murat , Yücel Doğan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Background
In this study, we planned to evaluate the comparison of serum prolidase activity with other biochemical markers.

Methods
The patient group was consisted of totally 73 patients with 21 male and 18 female who were diagnosed as chronic renal failure (CRF) and were undergoing peritoneal dialysis while 21 male and 13 female who were undergoing hemodialysis. The control group was composed of 54 healthy volunteers, including 25 men and 29 women. Serum and erythrocyte prolidase activities were measured in both patient and control groups and the relationship between serum prolidase activities and metabolic markers of bone (osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, calcitonin, vitamin D and parathormone) were compared in both groups.

Results
There was a significant difference between the serum prolidase activity of peritoneal dialysis and pre-hemodialysis groups as compared with the control group (p<0.05). Serum prolidase activity of the pre-hemodialysis group was lower than that of post-hemodialysis group and there was a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). There was a significant difference between prolidase activities in erythrocytes of prehemodialysis and control groups (p<0.05).

Conclusion
Kidney is the most prolidase-rich tissue in the human body. According to our results, the prolidase activity decreased in CRF; and the level of decrement was independent from the hemodialysis procedure.
Exhaust System for Radial and Axial-Centrifugal Compressor with Pipe Diffuser
Authors: Antas Stanisław 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The application of radial and axial-centrifugal compressors in turboprop, turboshaft and turbofan engines may require the construction of small diameters diffuser in order to obtain lower weight and smaller frontal area. Conventional exhaust diffusers typically have large outlet diameters for exit Mach numbers lower than 0,2 and low swirl flow to the combustor, hence the design of channel of the low-diameter diffusers called controlled-contour, fishtail-shaped diffuser or diffusing trumpet is complex. The cross-sectional shape of these channels is varied from circular to oval to elliptic and to rectangular. The paper presents an original method for determining the flow parameters in the channel and at the outlet section of the downstream diffusing trumpet for a pipe diffuser, which constitutes the downstream duct of the radial or axial-centrifugal compressor with the pipe diffuser. It also illustrates a new method for determining the geometrical parameters of the diffuser. Mentioned methods (for conceptual design of a compressor with pipe diffuser) are based on Pythagorean theorem, properties of ellipse, equation of continuity, energy equation, first law of thermodynamics, Euler’s moment of momentum equation, gasdynamics functions and definitions used in theory of turbo-machines.
Morpholinium hydrogen sulfate (MHS) ionic liquid as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of bio-active multi-substituted imidazoles (MSI) under solvent-free conditions
Authors: Marzouk Adel A. , Abdelhamid Antar A. , Mohamed Shaaban K. , Simpson Jim 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Morpholinium hydrogen sulfate as an ionic liquid was employed as a catalyst for the synthesis of a biologically active series of multi-substituted imidazoles by a four-component reaction involving the combination of benzil with different aromatic aldehydes, ammonium acetate, and 1-amino-2-propanol under solvent-free conditions. The key advantages of this method are shorter reaction times, very high yield, and ease of processing. Furthermore, the resulting products can be purified by a non-chromatographic method and the ionic liquid catalyst is reusable. All of these novel compounds have been fully characterized from spectral data. The X-ray crystal structures of two representative molecules are also detailed.
The high-pressure phase of CePtAl
Authors: Heymann Gunter , Heying Birgit , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Janka Oliver 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The intermetallic aluminum compound HP-CePtAl was synthesized by arc melting of the elements with subsequent high-pressure/high-temperature treatment at 1620 K and 10.5 GPa in a multianvil press. The compound crystallizes in the hexagonal MgZn2-type structure (P63/mmc) with lattice parameters of a=552.7(1) and c=898.8(2) pm refined from powder X-ray diffraction data. With the help of single crystal investigations (wR=0.0527, 187 F
2 values, 13 variables), the proposed structure type was confirmed and the mixed Pt/Al site occupations could be refined. Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed a disappearance of the complex magnetic ordering phenomena, which are observed in NP-CePtAl.
Adsorption of Turquoise Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution using Microwave Assisted Zinc Chloride Activated Carbon Prepared from Delonix Regia Pods
Authors: Ramesh K. , Rajappa A. , Nandhakumar V. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Adsorption interaction of Turquoise blue dye onto microwave assisted zinc chloride activated carbon from aqueous solution was investigated. Activated carbons were prepared from pods of Delonix regia. Carbon prepared was designated as MWZAC (Microwave assisted Zinc chloride Activated Carbon). The characteristics of the MWZAC were determined by BET analysis, XRD, FTIR and pHZPC. Batch mode adsorption experiments were carried out. Influence of the parameters such as Dose of the adsorbent, agitation time, initial dye concentration, pH of the solution and temperature on adsorption were studied. Kinetics of the system was studied with linearised forms of Lagergren, Ho and Webber Morris models. Equilibrium data were fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin and Dubinin-Raduskevich isotherms. The order of best describing isotherms was given based on R2 value. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH°, ΔS° and ΔG° were determined using Vant Hoff plots. The exhausted MWZAC was regenerated by desorption processes using 0.2 M HCl, 0.2 M NaOH and distilled water.
Idiosyncratic Patterns of Representational Similarity in Prefrontal Cortex Predict Attentional Performance
Authors: Lee Jeongmi , Geng Joy J. 
Published: December 2016

The efficiency of finding an object in a crowded environment depends largely on the similarity of nontargets to the search target. Models of attention theorize that the similarity is determined by representations stored within an “attentional template” held in working memory. However, the degree to which the contents of the attentional template are individually unique and where those idiosyncratic representations are encoded in the brain are unknown. We investigated this problem using representational similarity analysis of human fMRI data to measure the common and idiosyncratic representations of famous face morphs during an identity categorization task; data from the categorization task were then used to predict performance on a separate identity search task. We hypothesized that the idiosyncratic categorical representations of the continuous face morphs would predict their distractability when searching for each target identity. The results identified that patterns of activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) as well as in face-selective areas in the ventral temporal cortex were highly correlated with the patterns of behavioral categorization of face morphs and search performance that were common across subjects. However, the individually unique components of the categorization behavior were reliably decoded only in right LPFC. Moreover, the neural pattern in right LPFC successfully predicted idiosyncratic variability in search performance, such that reaction times were longer when distractors had a higher probability of being categorized as the target identity. These results suggest that the prefrontal cortex encodes individually unique components of categorical representations that are also present in attentional templates for target search.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEveryone's perception of the world is uniquely shaped by personal experiences and preferences. Using functional MRI, we show that individual differences in the categorization of face morphs between two identities could be decoded from the prefrontal cortex and the ventral temporal cortex. Moreover, the individually unique representations in prefrontal cortex predicted idiosyncratic variability in attentional performance when looking for each identity in the “crowd” of another morphed face in a separate search task. Our results reveal that the representation of task-related information in prefrontal cortex is individually unique and preserved across categorization and search performance. This demonstrates the possibility of predicting individual behaviors across tasks with patterns of brain activity.
Decoding the Cortical Dynamics of Sound-Meaning Mapping
Authors: Kocagoncu Ece , Clarke Alex , Devereux Barry J. , Tyler Lorraine K. 
Published: December 2016

Comprehending speech involves the rapid and optimally efficient mapping from sound to meaning. Influential cognitive models of spoken word recognition (Marslen-Wilson and Welsh, 1978) propose that the onset of a spoken word initiates a continuous process of activation of the lexical and semantic properties of the word candidates matching the speech input and competition between them, which continues until the point at which the word is differentiated from all other cohort candidates (the uniqueness point, UP). At this point, the word is recognized uniquely and only the target word's semantics are active. Although it is well established that spoken word recognition engages the superior (Rauschecker and Scott, 2009), middle, and inferior (Hickok and Poeppel, 2007) temporal cortices, little is known about the real-time brain activity that underpins the computations and representations that evolve over time during the transformation from speech to meaning. Here, we test for the first time the spatiotemporal dynamics of these processes by collecting MEG data while human participants listened to spoken words. By constructing quantitative models of competition and access to meaning in combination with spatiotemporal searchlight representational similarity analysis (Kriegeskorte et al., 2006) in source space, we were able to test where and when these models produced significant effects. We found early transient effects ∼400 ms before the UP of lexical competition in left supramarginal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, left middle temporal gyrus (MTG), and left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and of semantic competition in MTG, left angular gyrus, and IFG. After the UP, there were no competitive effects, only target-specific semantic effects in angular gyrus and MTG.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTUnderstanding spoken words involves complex processes that transform the auditory input into a meaningful interpretation. This effortless transition occurs on millisecond timescales, with remarkable speed and accuracy and without any awareness of the complex computations involved. Here, we reveal the real-time neural dynamics of these processes by collecting data about listeners' brain activity as they hear spoken words. Using novel statistical models of different aspects of the recognition process, we can locate directly which parts of the brain are accessing the stored form and meaning of words and how the competition between different word candidates is resolved neurally in real time. This gives us a uniquely differentiated picture of the neural substrate for the first 500 ms of word recognition.
Adenosine Shifts Plasticity Regimes between Associative and Homeostatic by Modulating Heterosynaptic Changes
Authors: Bannon Nicholas M. , Chistiakova Marina , Chen Jen-Yung , Bazhenov Maxim , Volgushev Maxim 
Published: December 2016

Endogenous extracellular adenosine level fluctuates in an activity-dependent manner and with sleep–wake cycle, modulating synaptic transmission and short-term plasticity. Hebbian-type long-term plasticity introduces intrinsic positive feedback on synaptic weight changes, making them prone to runaway dynamics. We previously demonstrated that co-occurring, weight-dependent heterosynaptic plasticity can robustly prevent runaway dynamics. Here we show that at neocortical synapses in slices from rat visual cortex, adenosine modulates the weight dependence of heterosynaptic plasticity: blockade of adenosine A1receptors abolished weight dependence, while increased adenosine level strengthened it. Using model simulations, we found that the strength of weight dependence determines the ability of heterosynaptic plasticity to prevent runaway dynamics of synaptic weights imposed by Hebbian-type learning. Changing the weight dependence of heterosynaptic plasticity within an experimentally observed range gradually shifted the operating point of neurons between an unbalancing regime dominated by associative plasticity and a homeostatic regime of tightly constrained synaptic changes. Because adenosine tone is a natural correlate of activity level (activity increases adenosine tone) and brain state (elevated adenosine tone increases sleep pressure), modulation of heterosynaptic plasticity by adenosine represents an endogenous mechanism that translates changes of the brain state into a shift of the regime of synaptic plasticity and learning. We speculate that adenosine modulation may provide a mechanism for fine-tuning of plasticity and learning according to brain state and activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAssociative learning depends on brain state and is impaired when the subject is sleepy or tired. However, the link between changes of brain state and modulation of synaptic plasticity and learning remains elusive. Here we show that adenosine regulates weight dependence of heterosynaptic plasticity: adenosine strengthened weight dependence of heterosynaptic plasticity; blockade of adenosine A1 receptors abolished it. In model neurons, such changes of the weight dependence of heterosynaptic plasticity shifted their operating point between regimes dominated by associative plasticity or by synaptic homeostasis. Because adenosine tone is a natural correlate of activity level and brain state, modulation of plasticity by adenosine represents an endogenous mechanism for translation of brain state changes into a shift of the regime of synaptic plasticity and learning.