bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse evolution in mid-infrared femtosecond optical parametric oscillator based on silicon-on-insulator waveguides
Authors: Wen Jin 
Published: April 2016

The pulse evolution of mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator based on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) waveguides is numerically investigated. The properties of pulse evolution in the process of optical parametric oscillation have been described. The numerical results show that the threshold of the optical parametric oscillation cavity can be lowered due to the high nonlinearity of the waveguide. The parametric signals initiate to oscillate when the circle trip number is 5 with the appropriate length of the SOI waveguide 7 mm. Meanwhile the peak power of the output signal pulse can be reached to 400 W at the stable situation when the circle trip number is over 10 with the conversion efficiency as high as 5%. This research can supply a kind of way to generate the mid-infrared femtosecond pulse at the highly stable on-chip integration level.
Development and Clinical Validation of a Blood Test Based on 29-Gene Expression for Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ciarloni Laura , Ehrensberger Sahar Hosseinian , Imaizumi Natsuko , Monnier-Benoit Sylvain , Nichita Cristina , Myung Seung-Jae , Kim Joo Sung , Song Si Young , Kim Tae Il , van der Weg Boudewijn , Meier Rémy , Borovicka Jan , Beglinger Christoph , Vallet Cédric , Maerten Philippe , Rüegg Curzio , Dorta Gian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPurpose: A blood test for early detection of colorectal cancer is a valuable tool for testing asymptomatic individuals and reducing colorectal cancer–related mortality. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a novel blood test able to differentiate patients with colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps (AP) from individuals with a negative colonoscopy.Experimental Design: A case–control, multicenter clinical study was designed to collect blood samples from patients referred for colonoscopy or surgery. Predictive algorithms were developed on 75 controls, 61 large AP (LAP) ≥1 cm, and 45 colorectal cancer cases and independently validated on 74 controls, 42 LAP, and 52 colorectal cancer cases (23 stages I–II) as well as on 245 cases including other colorectal findings and diseases other than colorectal cancer. The test is based on a 29-gene panel expressed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells alone or in combination with established plasma tumor markers.Results: The 29-gene algorithm detected colorectal cancer and LAP with a sensitivity of 79.5% and 55.4%, respectively, with 90.0% specificity. Combination with the protein tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and CYFRA21-2 resulted in a specificity increase (92.2%) with a sensitivity for colorectal cancer and LAP detection of 78.1% and 52.3%, respectively.Conclusions: We report the validation of a novel blood test, Colox®, for the detection of colorectal cancer and LAP based on a 29-gene panel and the CEA and CYFRA21-1 plasma biomarkers. The performance and convenience of this routine blood test provide physicians a useful tool to test average-risk individuals unwilling to undergo upfront colonoscopy. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4604–11. ©2016 AACR.
SIRPα-Antibody Fusion Proteins Selectively Bind and Eliminate Dual Antigen-Expressing Tumor Cells
Authors: Piccione Emily C. , Juarez Silvia , Tseng Serena , Liu Jie , Stafford Melissa , Narayanan Cyndhavi , Wang Lijuan , Weiskopf Kipp , Majeti Ravindra 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Purpose: CD47 is highly expressed on a variety of tumor cells. The interaction of CD47 with signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα), a protein on phagocytic cells, transmits a “don't eat me” signal that negatively regulates phagocytosis. CD47–SIRPα antagonists enable phagocytosis by disrupting the inhibitory signal and can synergize with Fc-mediated pro-phagocytic signals for potent elimination of tumor cells. A potential limitation of therapeutic CD47–SIRPα antagonists is that expression of CD47 on normal cells may create sites of toxicity or an “antigen sink.” To overcome these limitations and address selective tumor targeting, we developed SIRPabodies to improve the therapeutic benefits of CD47–SIRPα blockade specifically toward tumor.
Experimental Design: SIRPabodies were generated by grafting the wild-type SIRPα either to the N-terminus or to the C-terminus of the heavy chain of rituximab. Selective tumor binding was tested using CFSE-labeled human primary CLL cells in the presence of 20-fold excess of human RBCs. NSG mice were transplanted with Raji-luciferase cells and were assigned to controls versus SIRPabody treatment. Cynomolgus nonhuman primates were administered a single intravenous infusion of SIRPabody at 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg.
Results: SIRPabodies selectively bound to dual antigen-expressing tumor cells in the presence of a large antigen sink. SIRPabody reduced tumor burden and extended survival in mouse xenograft lymphoma models. SIRPabody caused no significant toxicity in nonhuman primates.
Conclusions: These findings establish SIRPabodies as a promising approach to deliver the therapeutic benefit of CD47–SIRPα blockade specifically toward tumor cells. SIRPabodies may be applied to additional cancer types by grafting SIRPα onto other tumor-specific therapeutic antibodies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 5109–19. ©2016 AACR.
Pretreatment Immune Status Correlates with Progression-Free Survival in Chemotherapy-Treated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Tada Kohei , Kitano Shigehisa , Shoji Hirokazu , Nishimura Takashi , Shimada Yasuhiro , Nagashima Kengo , Aoki Kazunori , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Honma Yoshitaka , Iwasa Satoru , Okita Natsuko , Takashima Atsuo , Kato Ken , Yamada Yasuhide , Katayama Naoyuki , Boku Narikazu , Heike Yuji , Hamaguchi Tetsuya 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIt remains unclear whether the immunologic status of cells in peripheral blood can be used as a prognostic indicator of response to treatment for patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC). We therefore investigated the relationship between the pretreatment immunologic status of 40 patients with MCRC who planned to receive the first-line chemotherapy and their progression-free survival. Twenty-five immune cell subsets, including monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) and effector memory T cells (TEM), were measured by multicolor-flow cytometry. We divided patients into high and low (above and below the median, respectively) groups based on the median value for each immune cell subset and compared progression-free survival of the two groups. Patients with high M-MDSC, low CD4+ TEM, or low CD8+ TEM quantities had significantly shorter progression-free survival (P = 0.004, 0.005, and 0.002, respectively). Patients were classified into two prognostic groups based on numbers of adverse factors; having two or three adverse factors (n = 21, 52.5%) was correlated with significantly shorter progression-free survival compared with none or one (n = 19, 47.5%; P &lt; 0.001). The presence of two or three adverse factors was an independent poor prognostic factor for progression-free survival (HR, 9.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.5–34.2; P &lt; 0.001). These results provide evidence that pretreatment peripheral immune status can inform the outcome of patients with MCRC treated with first-line chemotherapy. Cancer Immunol Res; 4(7); 592–9. ©2016 AACR.
Female Sex, Time in Therapeutic Range, and Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Taking Warfarin
Authors: Senoo Keitaro , Lip Gregory Y.H. 
Published: April 2016

Background and Purpose—
Female patients have higher risk for stroke than male patients in nonanticoagulated atrial fibrillation patients, but limited data are available on sex differences in stroke and bleeding outcomes among patients with anticoagulated atrial fibrillation on warfarin, especially in relation to quality of anticoagulation control, as reflected by the time in therapeutic range (TTR).

Methods—
We investigated adverse outcomes in females (n=791) and males (n=1501) among 2292 patients with atrial fibrillation taking warfarin arm in the AMADEUS (Evaluating the Use of SR34006 Compared to Warfarin or Acenocoumarol in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation) trial.

Results—

The combined end point of cardiovascular death and stroke/systemic embolism (SSE) was similar in females versus males. There was no sex differences in either cardiovascular death or SSE. Compared with males, females had a lower risk of major bleeding (hazard ratio, 0.39; 95% confidence interval, 0.18–0.87;
P
=0.02). No differences were seen in mortality and stroke outcomes between females and males either in the prespecified age subgroups or in relation to TTR categories. TTR was negatively correlated with any clinically relevant bleeding in both females (
r
=−0.86;
P
=0.03) and males (
r
=−0.94;
P
=0.005). On Cox regression, TTR (but not female sex) emerged as an independent predictor for combined cardiovascular death/SSE and clinically relevant bleeding events.

Conclusion—
Anticoagulated female patients with atrial fibrillation had a similar rate of cardiovascular death and SSE, but a lower risk of major bleeding, compared with males. TTR (but not female sex) was an independent predictor for combined cardiovascular death and SSE and clinically relevant bleeding events.
Evidence of Energy and Momentum Flux from Swell to Wind
Authors: Kahma Kimmo K. , Donelan Mark A. , Drennan William M. , Terray Eugene A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMeasurements of pressure near the surface in conditions of wind sea and swell are reported. Swell, or waves that overrun the wind, produces an upward flux of energy and momentum from waves to the wind and corresponding attenuation of the swell waves. The estimates of growth of wind sea are consistent with existing parameterizations. The attenuation of swell in the field is considerably smaller than existing measurements in the laboratory.
Overconfidence in Projecting Uncertain Spatial Trajectories
Authors: Herdener Nathan , Wickens Christopher D. , Clegg Benjamin A. , Smith C. A. P. 
Published: April 2016

Objective The aim of this study was to understand factors that influence the prediction of uncertain spatial trajectories (e.g., the future path of a hurricane or ship) and the role of human overconfidence in such prediction. Background Research has indicated that human prediction of uncertain trajectories is difficult and may well be subject to overconfidence in the accuracy of forecasts as is found in event prediction, a finding that indicates that humans insufficiently appreciate the contributions of variance in nature to their predictions. Method In two experiments, our paradigm required participants to observe a starting point, a position at time T, and then make a prediction of the location of the trajectory at time NT. They experienced several trajectories from the same underlying model but perturbed by random variance in heading and speed. Results In Experiment 1A, people predicted linear paths well and were better in heading predictions than in speed predictions. However, participants greatly underestimated the variance in predicted location, indicating overconfidence. In Experiment 1B, the effect was replicated with frequencies rather than probabilities used in variance estimates. In Experiment 2, people predicted nonlinear trajectories poorly, and overconfidence was again observed. Overconfidence was reduced on the more difficult predictions. In both main experiments, those better at predicting the mean were not better at predicting the variance. Conclusions Predicting the level of uncertainty in spatial trajectories is not well done and may involve qualitatively different abilities than prediction of the mean. Application Improving real-world performance at prediction demands developing better understanding of variability, not just the average case. Biases in prediction of uncertainty may be addressed through debiasing training and/or visualization tools that could assist in more calibrated action planning.
Putative role of 5-HT2B receptors in migraine pathophysiology
Authors: Segelcke Daniel , Messlinger Karl 
Published: April 2016

Objective In this review we attempt to characterize the acute and chronic role of 5-HT2B receptors with regard to meningeal nociception in animal experiments and clinical data targeting migraine therapy. Background Migraine is a common disabling neurovascular primary headache disease, the pathomechanism of which is still unclear. Serotonin (5-HT) and its receptors might play an important role in some aspects of migraine pathogenesis. The ability of the unselective 5-HT2B receptor agonist m-chlorophenylpiperazine to induce migraine attacks in migraine sufferers, the high affinity of prophylactic antimigraine drugs to this receptor and its expression in migraine-relevant structures like the dura mater argue for a role of 5-HT2B receptors in the pathogenesis of migraine attacks. Methods For this review, the relevant databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE®, Cochrane Library and EMBASE, respectively, were searched to December 2015 using the keywords “migraine, 5-HT2, trigeminal, neurogenic inflammation, nitric oxide, nitroxyl, vasodilatation, plasma protein extravasation” and combinations thereof. Conclusion Our literature review suggests an important role of 5-HT2B receptor activation in meningeal nociception and the generation of migraine pain.
The illness experience of youth with lupus/mixed connective tissue disease: a mixed methods analysis of patient and parent perspectives
Authors: Knight A , Vickery M , Fiks A G , Barg F K 
Published: April 2016

Objective We aimed to develop a model of the illness experience for youth with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)/mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Methods We conducted 32 semi-structured interviews with 16 outpatient youth with SLE/MCTD, age 11 to 22 years, and their parents. We qualitatively defined key features of illness for families and distinguished profiles of youth adapting well vs poorly to SLE/MCTD. We then related these profiles to features of illness, patient-level attributes and outcomes. Results Experiences with SLE/MCTD grouped into five themes: managing disease, limitations, stigma, illness uncertainty and psychological coping. Youth adapting well experienced minimal challenges in these areas. Youth adapting poorly (4/16) experienced significant challenges in >1 thematic area, and were older with lower socioeconomic status, quality of life and psychosocial functioning, and increased disease-related morbidity. They also described suboptimal treatment adherence, healthcare utilization and transition to adult care. These findings support a dynamic model in which illness adaptation and outcomes are shaped by patient characteristics and five central illness-related challenges. Conclusion Further testing of our model of illness experience may help guide comprehensive and personalized care of youth with SLE/MCTD, with targeted supports for youth at risk for negative adaptation to illness and poor outcomes.
Emergency management for congenital tracheal stenosis with endoluminal stenting in pediatric intensive care units
Authors: Xu Xuan , Ding Hui , Liu Xicheng , Zhu Bin , Feng Zhichun 
Published: April 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to share our experience in the management of congenital tracheal stenosis (CTS) using self-expanding intraluminal stents in infants. Methods: From January 2010 to August 2012, 31 infants with CTS treated using stents by bronchoscope in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) were recruited for this study. Results: Among the 31 patients, 17 were male and 14 were female with their ages ranging from 55 days to 22 months. CTS was associated with congenital heart disease (CHD) in 22 patients. There were no immediate stent-related airway complications. A significant and immediate improvement of respiratory obstruction following stent placement in all 31 patients led to successful weaning from the breathing machine and extubation. Granulation tissue formation as a complication was observed in three (9.7%) patients, but all were successfully managed using cryotherapy. During follow up (up to 24 months), stents in 29 infants remained functional. In seven cases, stents were retrieved under bronchoscope (the same day to 10 months), and three cases required stent replacement (each of the three cases had the stent replaced three times). Nine infants died after stenting due to other causes and two infants abandoned treatment. Conclusion: Airway stenting may provide an important therapeutic option in infants with CTS.
Shear elastic modulus is a reproducible index reflecting the passive mechanical properties of medial gastrocnemius muscle belly
Authors: Nakamura Masatoshi , Ikezoe Tome , Umegaki Hiroki , Kobayashi Takuya , Nishisita Satoru , Ichihashi Noriaki 
Published: April 2016

Background Passive mechanical properties are important in muscle function because they are related to the muscle extensibility. Recently, the assessment of muscle shear elastic modulus using shear-wave elastographic (SWE) imaging was developed. However, reliability and validity of shear elastic modulus measurements during passive stretching remain undefined. Purpose To investigate the reproducibility and validity of the shear elastic modulus measured by SWE imaging during passive stretching. Material and Methods Ten healthy men volunteered for this study. The shear elastic modulus of medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle belly was measured using ultrasonic SWE imaging during passive dorsiflexion. To assess the intra-session and inter-day reliabilities, the protocol was performed twice by the same investigator with a 5-min rest period between measurement sessions and twice on two different days by the same investigator with a 1–2-week interval between the two sessions. To assess the inter-investigator reliability, the protocol was performed on the same day by two investigators with a 5-min rest between measurement sessions. In addition, B-mode ultrasonography was used to determine the displacement of myotendinous junction (MTJ) of MG during passive ankle dorsiflexion. Results The intra-session, inter-day, and inter-investigator reliabilities of the method was confirmed on the basis of acceptably low coefficient of variations and substantially high intraclass correlation coefficients. In addition, a significant correlation was found between MTJ displacement and shear elastic modulus. Conclusion These results suggested that shear elastic modulus measured using SWE imaging is a reproducible index reflecting the passive mechanical properties.
AOSSM Early Sport Specialization Consensus Statement
Authors: LaPrade Robert F. , Agel Julie , Baker Joseph , Brenner Joel S. , Cordasco Frank A. , Côté Jean , Engebretsen Lars , Feeley Brian T. , Gould Daniel , Hainline Brian , Hewett Timothy E. , Jayanthi Neeru , Kocher Mininder S. , Myer Gregory D. , Nissen Carl W. , Philippon Marc J. , Provencher Matthew T. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Early sport specialization is not a requirement for success at the highest levels of competition and is believed to be unhealthy physically and mentally for young athletes. It also discourages unstructured free play, which has many benefits. Purpose: To review the available evidence on early sports specialization and identify areas where scientific data are lacking. Study Design: Think tank, roundtable discussion. Results: The primary outcome of this think tank was that there is no evidence that young children will benefit from early sport specialization in the majority of sports. They are subject to overuse injury and burnout from concentrated activity. Early multisport participation will not deter young athletes from long-term competitive athletic success. Conclusion: Youth advocates, parents, clinicians, and coaches need to work together with the sport governing bodies to ensure healthy environments for play and competition that do not create long-term health issues yet support athletic competition at the highest level desired.
Mineralogical characterization of calcification in cardiovascular aortic atherosclerotic plaque: A case study
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Xin , Zhu Meiqian , Yang Chong-Qing , Lu Anhuai , Li Kang , Meng Fanlu , Wang Changqiu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCalcification in cardiovascular aortic atherosclerotic plaque contains Ca-phosphate minerals. However, most research on cardiovascular calcification has focused on its physiological properties rather than its mineralogical features. In this present study, cardiovascular calcification was characterized by collecting samples from patients’ tissues and applying mineralogical techniques. Synchrotron radiation-based micro-X-ray diffraction showed the calcification had a similar structure to hydroxylapatite (HAp). Transmission electron microscopy showed some structurally HAp-like spherical particles with a diameter of ∼200 nm and acicular crystals ∼100 nm × ∼20 nm in size. Selected-area electron diffraction indicated that these mineral particles belonged to the hexagonal crystal system. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed three typical peaks at 1469 cm−1, 1455 cm−1and 1413 cm−1, indicating that the carbonate group in the calcification plaque substituted for a hydroxyl group to form B-type CHAp (Ca10(PO4,CO3)x(OH)y). The FTIR mapping results illustrated the intergrowth of calcification and organic tissues and the inhomogeneous substitution of phosphate by carbonate in the calcification area. X-ray absorption near-edge structure analysis affirmed that the chemical environments of Ca in the calcification were close to those in HAp. Based on these mineralogical characteristics, the calcification in plaque is identified as a mixture phase of HAp and B-type carbonate HAp, which is similar to the composition of bones.