bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Foreign Body Aspiration in Children
Authors: Sink Jacquelyn R. , Kitsko Dennis J. , Georg Matthew W. , Winger Daniel G. , Simons Jeffrey P. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo examine the sensitivity and specificity of history, physical examination, and radiologic studies as predictors of foreign body aspiration in children.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care children’s hospital.Subjects and MethodsMedical records were reviewed for 102 children who presented to our institution from 2006 to 2013 with suspected foreign body aspiration and who underwent endoscopy. Data included symptoms, physical examination, radiologic, and endoscopy findings. Descriptive statistics, sensitivity and specificity, and univariate and multivariable analyses were performed.ResultsA total of 102 patients were included (62% male). The mean age was 3.3 years (SD, 3.7). A foreign body was identified on endoscopy in 69 cases (68%). The most common presenting symptoms were cough (88%), choking/gagging (67%), and wheezing (57%). Decreased breath sounds and wheezing on examination were independently associated with increased odds of foreign body. The most common abnormal radiographic finding was air trapping (33%). The most frequent items retrieved were fragments of seeds and nuts (49%). There were no serious complications related to endoscopy. The sensitivity and specificity of any finding on history, physical examination, and imaging were 100% and 3%, 90% and 33%, 61% and 77%, respectively. Having a positive history, examination, and chest radiograph combined was 46% sensitive and 79% specific.ConclusionsPatients with airway foreign bodies have varied presentations. The presence of any radiologic finding suggests that endoscopy should be performed, as a foreign body is probable. The absence of any history or physical examination finding was associated with a low likelihood of a foreign body.
Socio-Psychological Determinants of Organizational Change Projects Success: a Literature Review
Authors: ������  , Volkov Oleg , �������  , Tishchenko Olga , ��������  , Kamysheva Sofya 
Published: April 2016

This article is devoted to a problem of resistance to organizational changes
in projects in general and its socio-psychological aspect in particular. During
the literary review the points of view on interrelation of project management
and organizational change management are revealed, types and models
of organizational changes introduction are allocated. Besides, the review
includes the works devoted to socio-psychological aspect of change
management, and the conflicts as to a consequence of these changes, and
their influence on project success.
Mercury isotopes of atmospheric particle bound mercury for source apportionment study in urban Kolkata, India
Authors: Das Reshmi , Wang Xianfeng , Khezri Bahareh , Webster Richard D. , Sikdar Pradip Kumar , Datta Subhajit 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The particle bound mercury (PBM) in urban-industrial areas is mainly of anthropogenic origin, and is derived from two principal sources: Hg bound to particulate matter directly emitted by industries and power generation plants, and adsorption of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) on air particulates from gas or aqueous phases. Here, we measured the Hg isotope composition of PBM in PM10 samples collected from three locations, a traffic junction, a waste incineration site and an industrial site in Kolkata, the largest metropolis in Eastern India. Sampling was carried out in winter and monsoon seasons between 2013–2015. The objective was to understand whether the isotope composition of the PBM represents source composition. The PBM collected from the waste burning site showed little mass independent fractionation (MIF) (Δ199Hg = +0.12 to -0.11‰), similar to the signature in liquid Hg and Hg ores around the world with no seasonal variations. Samples from the industrial site showed mostly negative MDF and MIF (δ202Hg = -1.34 to -3.48 ‰ and Δ199Hg = +0.01 to -0.31‰). The MDF is consistent with PBM generated by coal combustion however, the MIF is 0.15‰ more negative compared to the Hg isotope ratios in Indian coals. The traffic junction PBM is probably not produced in situ, but has travelled some distances from nearby industrial sources. The longer residence time of this PBM in the atmosphere has resulted in-aerosol aqueous photoreduction. Thus, the MIF displays a larger range (Δ199Hg = +0.33 to -0.30‰) compared to the signature from the other sites and with more positive values in the humid monsoon season. Different Hg isotopic signature of PBM in the three different sampling locations within the same city indicates that both source and post emission atmospheric transformations play important roles in determining isotopic signature of PBM.
Infinitely Many Nodal Solutions for Nonlinear Nonhomogeneous Robin Problems
Authors: Papageorgiou Nikolaos S. , Rădulescu Vicenţiu D. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We consider a nonlinear Robin problem driven by a nonhomogeneous differential operator which incorporates the p-Laplacian as special case. The reaction

f
⁢

(
z
,
x
)

${f(z,x)}$

is a Carathéodory function which need not satisfy a global growth condition and is only assumed to be odd near zero. Using variational tools, we show that the problem has a whole sequence of distinct nodal (that is, sign-changing) solutions.
Study of the Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer Coefficient in a 2D Mimicked FT Slurry Bubble Columns for Alternative Clean Energy and Chemical Production
Authors: Abdulkareem Hiba A. , Gheni Saba A. , Yacoup Rafi’ J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Bubble columns are widely used for contacting gas–liquid and gas–liquid–solid mass transfer/chemical reactions. Gas distributor is the most important accessory because it decides the bubble size/rise velocity and gas distribution. In this study, the effect of distributor design on hydrodynamics and mass transfer coefficient are studied at different operating conditions of height to diameter ratio, solid loading, and superficial gas velocity The overall gas holdup, is studied experimentally using a rectangular slurry bubble column operating at ambient temperature and pressure, using liquid paraffin (C9–C11), three heights to diameter ratios (6, 7.5 and 10) and silica as a solid phase (0 %, 9 % and 25 %) with oxygen as gas phase. Two types of distributor were used, perforated plate and ring type. The results showed that the overall gas holdup increased by increasing gas velocity and decreased by increasing height to diameter ratio and solid loading. Also, it is found that the perforated plate distributor gave a higher gas hold up than ring distributor at gas velocity higher than 0.03 m/sec. The following correlations are obtained:
Plate distributor at presence of silica particles:

ε

g

=

1.343

U

g

0.0612

−
0.00891

ε

s

−
0.374

−
0.702

L

D

0.041

4.904

−
0.0251

$$\eqalign{{{\rm{\varepsilon}}_{\rm{g}}} =& {\left({1.343{\rm{U}}_{\rm{g}}^{0.0612} - 0.00891{\rm{\varepsilon}}_{\rm{s}}^{- 0.374} - 0.702{{\left({{{\rm{L}} \over {\rm{D}}}} \right)}^{0.041}}} \right)^{4.904}}\cr& - 0.0251}$$

Ring distributor at presence and absence of silica particles:

ε

g

=

0.216

U

g

0.297

−
0.354

ε

s

1.4671

−
0.127

L

D

0.147

1.1206

+
0.058

$$\eqalign{{{\rm{\varepsilon}}_{\rm{g}}} = &{\left({0.216{\rm{U}}_{\rm{g}}^{0.297} - 0.354{\rm{\varepsilon}}_{\rm{s}}^{1.4671} - 0.127{{\left({{{\rm{L}} \over {\rm{D}}}} \right)}^{0.147}}} \right)^{1.1206}} \cr&+ 0.058}$$

There is a good agreement between experimental and predicted values with a percent of error less than 2 %.
It has been found that the mass transfer coefficient is higher for ring distributor than the perforated plate and growing higher for heterogeneous flow regime and higher solid loading.
Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactors for Thermomechanical Pulping Pressate Treatment
Authors: Zheng M. R. , Liao B. Q. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A comparative study on the treatment of thermomechanical pulping (TMP) pressate between thermophilic (55 °C) and mesophilic (30 °C) membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs) was conducted under different cycle lengths (CLs) for over 114 days. The performance of the MABRs was evaluated in terms of soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and biofilm detachment. With a total influent COD of 3,700–4,100 mg/L, the soluble COD removal efficiency of thermophilic MABR (40–65 %) was slightly lower than that of mesophilic MABR (50–80 %) under different CLs. The level of effluent suspended solids (ESS) in treated effluent of the thermophilic MABR was generally higher than that of the mesophilic MABR, suggesting a more significant biofilm detachment from membrane surfaces in the thermophilic MABR. The performance of COD removal improved at the time five to ten days after each significant biofilm detachment. The results suggest that MABR is a promising technology for TMP pressate treatment and biofilm thickness control is important for achieving better performance.
The Self-Organization of Digital Volunteers across Social Media: The Case of the 2013 European Floods in Germany
Authors: Kaufhold Marc-André , Reuter Christian 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
For almost 15 years, social media have been regularly used during emergencies. One of the most recent, and instructive, examples of its widespread use during a large scale scenario in Europe were the 2013 European floods. Public reporting during the event indicated, and our analysis confirms, that Twitter, Facebook (FB), Google Maps and other services were frequently used by affected citizen and volunteers to coordinate help activities among themselves. We conducted a qualitative analysis of selected emergent volunteer communities in Germany on FB and Twitter among others, and subsequently conducted interviews with FB group founders and activists. Our aim was to analyze the use of social media during this particular event, especially by digital volunteers. Our study illustrates the relevance of social media for German citizens in cases of disaster, focusing especially on the role of the moderator. Our specific emphasis was the embedding of social media in the organizing work done by said volunteers, emphasizing both the patterns of social media use and the challenges that result. We show that different social media were used in different ways: Twitter was used in the main for status updates while FB-pages were mostly intended to provide an overview. FB-groups also coordinated a multitude of activities.
Code-Switching in Lower-Class Writing: Autobiographies by Patients from Southern German Psychiatric Hospitals (1852–1931)
Authors: Schiegg Markus 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper examines intra-speaker variation in historical writing. Its purpose is to show that lower-class people were able to consciously switch between language forms of conceptual orality and distance in their texts. To test this hypothesis, the article focuses on code-switching phenomena in autobiographic writing by patients from the Southern German psychiatric hospitals in Irsee and Kaufbeuren (1852–1931). The corpus of this paper consists of c. 98,300 tokens by 22 writers, of whom 11 use code-switching. First, I develop a method to distinguish code-switching from code-mixing phenomena in written texts by combining structural with functional approaches. In the article’s empirical part, I analyse the writers’ different communicative repertoires and the structures and functions of code-switching. Writers use linguistic variants of both conceptual orality and distance for code-switching. Thereby, they often use dialect, regional, or Southern German language forms that are outside of their regular linguistic repertoires. This leads to a re-evaluation of diatopically marked variants as not necessarily reflecting a writer’s lack of standard competence, but on the contrary being his or her deliberate linguistic choices.
Der Einfluss der DIN EN ISO 15189 auf die Ergebnissicherheit in der Virusdiagnostik
Authors: Späth Patricia M. , Hoffmann Dieter , Spitzenberger Folker 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Derzeit sind über 400 medizinische Laboratorien in Deutschland nach der Norm DIN EN ISO 15189 (Medizinische Laboratorien – Anforderungen an die Qualität und Kompetenz) akkreditiert. Diese in der deutschen und novellierten Fassung im Jahr 2014 publizierte Norm enthält horizontal übergreifende, d. h. für alle Bereiche der medizinischen Laboratoriumsdiagnostik relevante Anforderungen, jedoch keine spezifischen Kriterien für die einzelnen Fachdisziplinen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde untersucht, welchen Einfluss die Umsetzung der technischen Anforderungen der DIN EN ISO 15189, insbesondere der Anforderungen zu Untersuchungsverfahren und zur Qualitätssicherung, auf die Ergebnissicherheit in der Virusdiagnostik hat. Zum Vergleich wurden für die in dieser Arbeit dargelegte Studie innerhalb Deutschlands Experten aus klinisch-virologischen Instituten, Vertreter der In-Vitro-Diagnostika-Industrie, Vertreter der Deutschen Akkreditierungsstelle (DAkkS) sowie der Normung befragt. Aus der qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse der Interviews ergab sich, dass durch die Umsetzung der Anforderungen die Ergebnissicherheit erhöht und damit Risiken für die Patientenversorgung minimiert werden. Des Weiteren beschäftigte sich die Studie damit, welchen Einfluss die gemäß DIN EN ISO 15189 empfohlenen Qualitätskontrollen auf die Ergebnissicherheit im HIV-Combo-Test und im Anti-HBs-Nachweis haben. Die normativ empfohlenen, zusätzlichen Kontrollen („Run-Kontrollen“) offenbarten Insuffizienzen in der HIV-Antigenmessung, die durch Herstellerkontrollen nicht aufgedeckt wurden. In den vorgegebenen Bereichen befindliche Ergebnisse von testinternen Kontrollen garantierten nicht durchgängig korrekte Untersuchungsergebnisse, was am Beispiel der Anti-HBs-Bestimmung dargestellt wird. Schlussfolgernd wirkt sich die Anwendung der DIN EN ISO 15189, in der Regel bestätigt durch eine Akkreditierung, positiv auf die Ergebnissicherheit in der Virusdiagnostik und damit auch positiv auf die Patientenversorgung aus.
Animal models of colorectal peritoneal metastasis
Authors: Gremonprez Félix , Willaert Wouter , Ceelen Wim 
Published: April 2016

AbstractColorectal cancer remains an important cause of mortality worldwide. The presence of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) causes significant symptoms and is notoriously difficult to treat. Therefore, informative preclinical research into the mechanisms and possible novel treatment options of colorectal PC is essential in order to improve the prognostic outlook in these patients. Several syngeneic and xenograft animal models of colorectal PC were established, studying a wide range of experimental procedures and substances. Regrettably, more sophisticated models such as those giving rise to spontaneous PC or involving genetically engineered mice are lacking. Here, we provide an overview of all reported colorectal PC animal models and briefly discuss their use, strengths, and limitations.
Silicon-on-insulator for spintronic applications: spin lifetime and electric spin manipulation
Authors: Sverdlov Viktor , Osintsev Dmitri , Selberherr Siegfried 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
With complementary metal-oxide semiconductor feature size rapidly approaching ultimate scaling limits, the electron spin attracts much attention as an alternative to the electron charge degree of freedom for low-power reprogrammable logic and nonvolatile memory applications. Silicon, the main element of microelectronics, appears to be the perfect material for spin-driven applications. Despite an impressive progress in understanding spin properties in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), spin manipulation in a silicon channel by means of the electric field–dependent Rashba-like spin–orbit interaction requires channels much longer than 20 nm channel length of modern MOSFETs. Although a successful realization of the spin field-effect transistor seems to be unlikely without a new concept for an efficient way of spin manipulation in silicon by purely electrical means, it is demonstrated that shear strain dramatically reduces the spin relaxation, thus boosting the spin lifetime by an order of magnitude. Spin lifetime enhancement is achieved by lifting the degeneracy between the otherwise equivalent unprimedsubbands by [110] uniaxial stress. The spin lifetime in stressed ultra-thin body silicon-on-insulator structures can reach values close to those in bulk silicon. Therefore, stressed silicon-on-insulator structures have a potential for spin interconnects.
No solo de pan vive el hombre / Not by bread alone does man live
Authors: Fernández Mojica Nohemí , Barradas Alarcón María Esther 
Published: April 2016

En el cuarto pilar de la educación: aprender a ser, está escrito que: […]”la educación debe contribuir al desarrollo global de cada persona: cuerpo y mente, inteligencia, sensibilidad, sentido estético, responsabilidad individual, espiritualidad. “Todos los seres humanos deben […] dotarse de un pensamiento autónomo y crítico y de elaborar un juicio propio, para determinar por sí mismos qué deben hacer en las diferentes circunstancias de la vida”. (Delors, 1994). Alexander (2013: 115, 120), autor del libro: La prueba del cielo, escribió que […]”el hecho de tomar decisiones correctas frente al mal y la injusticia en la Tierra sería menos significativo si recordáramos toda la belleza y la luz de lo que nos espera cuando salgamos de aquí.” […] todos deberíamos hacer cuanto esté en nuestra mano por ponernos en contacto con esa parte milagrosa de nosotros mismos, a fin de cultivarla y sacarla a la luz. Porque es un ser que está adentro de nosotros mismos ahora mismo y, de hecho, es el ser que Dios espera que seamos”. Por su parte, Torralba (2010:51) desde el punto de vista religioso, escribió que ésta […] es una manifestación, un desarrollo de la inteligencia espiritual […] que son objeto de fe….da sentido a la vida humana y permite comprender los grandes momentos de la existencia: eventos como el nacimiento, la muerte, el amor y el sufrimiento.” En la UV se forma al estudiante en cuatro aspecto, uno de ello es la formación humana entendida desde las dimensiones: emocional, espiritual y corporal.
Perspectiva de género en la investigación urbana / Gender perspective in urban research
Authors: Hernández Rejón Elda Margarita , Treviño Hernández Raúl 
Published: April 2016

Para el año 2030 más del 60% de la población mundial será urbana, por lo tanto se incrementaran los problemas en los espacios urbanos, problemas de servicios, de vivienda, de medio ambiente, de vialidad, habitabilidad y pobreza. El crecimiento de las ciudades, la pobreza urbana y su impacto en el espacio, son por tanto uno de los grandes problemas a los que se enfrenta el mundo. En México, muchas ciudades se encuentran en total desequilibrio o en crisis, debido a diversos factores como contaminación ambiental, pobreza urbana, desorden en los asentamientos humanos, problemas de tráfico, pérdida de la calidad de vida, ocupación incontrolada, ausencia de orden para el transporte público, entre otros. Además de la escases de instrumentos de planeación. Es evidente pues, la imperante necesidad de seguir avanzando en la investigación urbana, incorporando diversas perspectivas que profundicen en el conocimiento de la problemática del territorio. Con respecto a la inclusión de la perspectiva de género en el tema territorial y urbano, ésta se ha hecho evidente con la esperanza de minimizar la desigualdad. Este artículo, presenta una revisión introductoria a los problemas y retos actuales en la cuestión territorial, desde una perspectiva de género, que sin ser exhaustiva, involucra los temas que consideramos prioritarios. Los autores, Profesores de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, integrantes del Cuerpo Académico en Consolidación, Planificación Territorial y Desarrollo Sustentable en áreas metropolitanas, CA-UAT-89.
Chronic Illness and Developmental Vulnerability at School Entry
Authors: Bell Megan F. , Bayliss Donna M. , Glauert Rebecca , Harrison Amanda , Ohan Jeneva L. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE:This study examined the association between chronic illness and school readiness, by using linked administrative population data.METHODS:The sample included children born in 2003–2004 who were residing in Western Australia in 2009 and had a complete Australian Early Development Census record (N = 22 890). Health and demographic information was also analyzed for 19 227 mothers and 19 030 fathers. The impact of child chronic illness on 5 developmental domains (social, emotional, language, cognitive, and physical) at school entry was analyzed. Analyses examined the association between child developmental outcomes and chronic illness generally, single or multiple chronic illness diagnosis, and diagnosis type. Logistic regression models estimated odds ratios for each outcome, adjusted for child, parent, and community sociodemographic variables.RESULTS:In the adjusted models, children with a chronic illness had an increased risk of being classified as developmentally vulnerable on all domains, compared with children without a chronic illness (20%–35% increase in risk). There was no increased risk for children with multiple chronic illness diagnoses over those with a single diagnosis (all Ps &gt; .05). There was no evidence of a disease-specific effect driving this risk.CONCLUSIONS:Regardless of the number or type of conditions, chronic illness in young children is a risk factor for reduced school readiness. These effects were seen for health conditions not traditionally considered detrimental to school readiness, such as chronic otitis media. Thus, the implications of a broader range of chronic health conditions in early childhood on school readiness need to be considered.
Tradução, paráfrase, paródia colagem em Manuel Bandeira
Authors: Guimarães Valmiki Villela 
Published: April 2016

Resumo: Esta pesquisa aponta categorias do processo de carnavalização, com tradução, paráfrase, paródia e colagem, usadas por Manuel Bandeira em sua poética.Résumé: Cette recherche essaie de dégager, dans la poétique de Manuel Bandeira, des catégories du processes de carnavalisation employées par l'auteur, telles que la traduction, la paraphrase, la parodie et le collage.
O mapa e a ampulheta
Authors: Almeida Ana Maria De 
Published: April 2016

Resumo: Reflexões sobre as categorias de tempo e de espaço, a partir de O livro de areia , de Jorge Luis Borges, e de A casa verde, de Mario Vargas Llosa.Résumé: Réflexions sur les catégories de temps et d'espace, à partir de O livro de areia, de Jorge Luis Borges et de A casa verde, de Mario Vargas Llosa.
Haroldo de Campos- turgimano a mano no aleph (Entrevista)
Authors: Dolabela Marcelo 
Published: April 2016

Indo na trilha do próprio (transcriador) transcrito que disse "o melhor leitor é o tradutor", diria que "o melhor ouvinte é o que transcreve o texto ouvido".Fiz tal exercício ouvir/transcrever (e ver) com o depoimento, gravado em vídeo, que Harolcio de Campos deu ao corpo editorial da revista Fahranheit 451 e à Profa Eneida Maria de Souza, durante o 2o Simpósio da Literatura Comparada, realizado em Belo Horizonte, em outubro de 1986. Este ato se assemelhou a uma transcrição da um texto de Guimarães Rosa lido por E.E. Cummings; os vários tons e semi-tons, os lapsos tradução por tradição, as veredas-surpresas, tudo se mistura ao próprio narrar. Busquei a fidelidade incerta ao ouvido. Como um grafita; num dos muros da cidade, "Vivi, sou louco por ti", que teva por ti, num lance do acaso, apagado, diria "ouvi, sou louco", ou melhor, "ouvi, isto é pouco?"Marcelo Dolabela
Tradução e intertextualidade
Authors: Miranda Wander Melo 
Published: April 2016

Resumo: Discussão das teorias sobre tradução de Jakobson, Walter Benjamin e Haroldo de Campos, tendo-se em vista a relação das mesmas com o conceito de intertextualidade.Résumé: Discussion des théories sur la traduction de Jakobson, de Walter Benjamin et d'Haroldo de Campos, en considérant le rapport de ces théories avec le concept d'intertextualité.