bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mucus cells in koi (Cyprinus carpio) scale epidermis
Authors: DePasquale Joseph A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMorphological and dynamic characteristics of epidermal mucus cells were examined in intact scales of Cyprinus carpio. Mucus cells were identified by alcian blue staining and live mucus cells characterized with differential interference contrast microscopy. Mucus cell pores were shown to be narrow slits or triangular‐shaped openings which are invariably situated at cell‐cell junctions. Small granules were often located at or just below the openings with larger granules positioned deeper into the cell. The large granules were observed to undergo a bubbling‐like activity, where a granule suddenly appears, enlarges and then abruptly disappears. Situated below the large granules is a dense matrix of quiescent small, tightly packed mucin granules. The findings suggest that mature epidermal mucus cells are structurally ordered with respect to secretory activity, where small numbers of initially basally located, densely packed granules rapidly expand in a location proximal to the pore and presumably prior to mucus release through the pore.
Drug‐induced Raynaud's phenomenon: beyond β‐adrenoceptor blockers
Authors: Khouri Charles , Blaise Sophie , Carpentier Patrick , Villier Céline , Cracowski Jean‐Luc , Roustit Matthieu 
Published: March 2016

AimDrug‐induced Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) has long been associated with the use of different drugs, including cancer chemotherapy or β‐adrenoceptor blockers. However, sources report extremely variable prevalence and the level of evidence for each class is heterogeneous. Moreover, new signals are emerging from case reports and small series. Our objective was therefore to review available evidence about this adverse drug effect and to propose a mechanistic approach of drug‐induced RP.MethodsA systematic review of English and French language articles was performed through Medline (1946–2015) and Embase (1974–2015). Further relevant papers were identified from the reference lists of retrieved articles.ResultsWe identified 12 classes of drugs responsible for RP, with a variety of underlying mechanisms such as increased sympathetic activation, endothelial dysfunction, neurotoxicity or decreased red blood cell deformability. Cisplatin and bleomycin were associated with the highest risk, followed by β‐adrenoceptor blockers. Recent data suggest a possible involvement of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), through an unknown mechanism.ConclusionDrug‐induced RP is a probably underestimated adverse drug event, with limited available evidence regarding its prevalence. Although rare, serious complications like critical digital ischaemia have been reported. When these treatments are started in patients with a history of RP, careful monitoring must be made and, if possible, alternative therapies that do not alter peripheral blood flow should be considered.
A Prospective Investigation of Prenatal Mood and Childbirth Perceptions in an Ethnically Diverse, Low‐Income Sample
Authors: Congdon Jayme L. , Adler Nancy E. , Epel Elissa S. , Laraia Barbara A. , Bush Nicole R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIntroductionFew studies have examined prenatal mood as a means to identify women at risk for negative childbirth experiences. We explore associations between prenatal mood and birth perceptions in a socioeconomically diverse, American sample.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 136 predominantly low‐income and ethnic minority women of mixed parity. Prenatal measures of perceived stress, pregnancy‐related anxiety, and depressive symptoms were used to predict maternal perceptions of birth experiences 1 month postpartum, using the childbirth experience questionnaire (CEQ; 1).ResultsAfter adjusting for sociodemographic variables and mode of delivery, higher third‐trimester stress predicted worse CEQ total scores. This association was predominantly explained by two CEQ domains: own capacity (e.g., feelings of control and capability), and perceived safety. Pregnancy‐related anxiety and depressive symptoms correlated with perceived stress, though neither independently predicted birth experience. An unplanned cesarean delivery was associated with a worse CEQ total score. Vaginal delivery predicted greater perceived safety. Altogether, sociodemographic covariates, mode of delivery, and prenatal mood accounted for 35 percent of the variance in birth experience (p < 0.001).DiscussionOur finding that prenatal stress explains a significant and likely clinically meaningful proportion of the variance in birth experience suggests that women perceive and recall their birth experiences through a lens that is partially determined by preexisting personal circumstances and emotional reserves. Since childbirth perceptions have implications for maternal and child health, patient satisfaction, and health care expenditures, these findings warrant consideration of prenatal stress screening to target intervention for women at risk for negative birth experiences.
Risk factors and timing of venous thromboembolism after radical cystectomy in routine clinical practice: a population‐based study
Authors: Doiron R. Christopher , Booth Christopher M. , Wei Xuejiao , Siemens D. Robert 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo describe the risk factors and timing of perioperative venous thromboembolism (VTE) and its association with survival for patients undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) in routine clinical practice.Patients and MethodsThe population‐based Ontario Cancer Registry was linked to electronic records of treatment to identify all patients who underwent RC between 1994 and 2008; VTE events were identified from hospital diagnostic codes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with perioperative VTE. A Cox proportional hazards regression model explored the associations between VTE and survival.ResultsOf the 3 879 patients included in the study, 3.6% (141 patients) were diagnosed with VTE at ≤1 month of their surgical admission date. This increased to 4.7% (181) at ≤2 months and 5.4% (211) at ≤3 months. In all, 55% of VTE events presented after hospital discharge. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with VTE included higher surgeon volume (P = 0.004) and increased length of hospital stay (LOS; P < 0.001). Lymph node yield and adjuvant chemotherapy were not associated with VTE. VTE was associated with an inferior cancer‐specific survival [hazard ratio (HR) 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.62] and overall survival (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.08–1.49).ConclusionsOver half of VTE events in RC patients occur after hospital discharge, with a substantial incidence up to 3 months after surgery. Limited actionable risk factors for VTE were identified other than LOS. In this population‐based cohort, VTE was associated with inferior long‐term survival.
Associations between obstructive lung disease and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea in a general population
Authors: Jonassen Trygve Müller , Eagan Tomas Mikal , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Lehmann Sverre 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of self‐reported symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in relation to asthma, respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function. A secondary objective was to determine how sex impacted these relationships.MethodsA random sample of all adults aged 47–48 and 71–73 years living in Bergen, Norway, were invited. Participants (3506, 69%) underwent spirometry testing and completed a questionnaire on sleep, respiratory symptoms and past medical history. OSA was defined by positive answers to questions on snoring, breathing cessations and daytime sleepiness. Current asthma was defined by ever having received a physician's diagnosis of asthma and current use of anti‐asthma medication. Logistic regression analyses, including interaction analyses between sex and the different explanatory variables, were used to examine associations between OSA and current asthma, pre‐ and post‐bronchodilator pulmonary function tests, smoking habits and respiratory symptoms. All models were adjusted for age, sex, waist‐hip ratio and smoking.ResultsOSA was more prevalent in the middle‐aged compared to the elderly (6.2% vs 3.6%), and in subjects reporting respiratory symptoms. 4.8% had OSA and 6.1% had current asthma. Current asthma and the lowest quartile of post‐bronchodilator FVC were significantly associated with OSA with ORs of 2.5 (1.5, 4.2) and 1.7 (1.1, 2.7), respectively. In interaction analyses, women with post‐bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.7 had an increased risk of OSA [OR of 4.1 (1.7, 9.7)] compared to women with a FEV1/FVC ≥ 0.7.ConclusionsCurrent asthma was associated with increased risk of OSA. Women with chronic airflow limitation, but not men, had increased risk of OSA.
Hemolymphangioma in the posterior mediastinum: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wu Jinxiang , Shangguan Hong , Zhou Shengyu , Dong Liang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHemolymphangioma of the thorax is a very rare benign tumor. There were only three reports of this disease until 2016. Herein, we report a case of hemolymphangioma of the thorax with pleural effusion. A 57‐year‐old woman had been admitted to hospital. Computed tomography also demonstrated a heterogenous mass in the posterior mediastinum and suspected invasion to the artery. Surgery was performed. The mediastinal tumor was soft. The pathological diagnosis was a hemolymphangioma of the posterior mediastinum. Her postoperative course was uneventful and she was discharged on the fifth day after surgery. Major symptoms are chest tightness and short of breath due to the tumor and pleural effusion. However, we experienced a case of hemolymphangioma of the thorax with pleural effusion. This disease is a very rare entity, but should be considered when patients have mass and pleural effusion in the thorax.
Liver transplantation for hepatolithiasis: Is terminal hepatolithiasis suitable for liver transplantation?
Authors: Feng Li‐bo , Xia Dong , Yan Lv‐Nan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHepatolithiasis, originally as oriental cholangiohepatitis, especially prevails in Asia, but globalization and intercontinental migration have also converted the endemic disease dynamics around the world. Characterized by its high incidence of ineffective treatment and recurrence, hepatolithiasis, always, poses a therapeutic challenge to global doctors. Although the improved surgical and non‐surgical techniques have evolved over the past decade, incomplete clearance and recurrence of calculi are always so common and disease‐related mortality from liver failure and concurrent cholangiocarcinoma still exists in the treatment of hepatolithiasis. In the late stage of hepatolithiasis, is it suitable for liver transplantation (LT)? Herein, we propose a comprehensive review and analysis of the LTx currently in potential use to treat hepatolithiasis. In our subjective opinion, and as is objective from the literatures so far, also given the strict indications, LT remains one of the definitive treatments for terminal hepatolithiasis.
Mental health of children with vision impairment at 11 years of age
Authors: Harris John , Lord Chris 
Published: March 2016

AimThe purpose of the study was to compare the risk of psychiatric disturbance among sighted and vision‐impaired children aged 11 years.MethodScores from the parent and teacher versions of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were used to compare sighted children with: vision‐impaired children; vision‐impaired children with no other reported disabilities or special educational needs; and children with vision impairment and additional disabilities or special educational needs. Logistic regression was used to measure the associations between the independent variables and SDQ scores, and to test for significance of the observed differences.ResultsBoth parents and teachers scored vision‐impaired children significantly higher on the SDQ compared with sighted children (p≤0.000) and a significantly higher proportion of the vision‐impaired children had SDQ scores in the abnormal range (p≤0.000). Children with vision impairment and other disabilities or special educational needs were rated as being at greatest risk of psychiatric disorder by both parents (30%) and teachers (22%).InterpretationVision impairment among children as young as 11 years of age is associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorder.
A three‐dimensional finite element analysis of the sports mouthguard
Authors: Gialain Ivan Onone , Coto Neide Pena , Driemeier Larissa , Noritomi Pedro Yoshito , Dias Reinaldo Brito e 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground/AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the compressive and tensile stresses on dentin and enamel in five different situations: no mouthguard and mouthguards from 1 mm thickness up to 4 mm thickness, using finite element analysis.Materials and methodsA three‐dimensional geometry of an upper right central incisor was obtained from a computed tomography and transformed into a mesh separating enamel from dentin. A mouthguard was created covering the buccal surface of the enamel in different thicknesses, and a rubber ball with a velocity of 5 m s−1 was made as the impact object.ResultsThe maximum principal stress and the minimal principal stress were evaluated in all situations on dentin and enamel. Both maximum and minimal stress on enamel had the greatest value on the control situation (no mouthguard), and their value decreased as the mouthguard thickness increased. The reduction ranged from 66.62% to 85.5% for compressive stress and from 9.76% to 33.37% for tensile stress on enamel. The results for dentin were similar among the situations with or without mouthguards.ConclusionThe mouthguard had beneficial effect considering the stresses on enamel, and between the mouthguard thickness of 3 and 4 mm, there was minimum difference.
Altered expression of autophagy‐related genes might contribute to glucocorticoid resistance in precursor B‐cell‐type acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Sarang Zsolt , Gyurina Katalin , Scholtz Beáta , Kiss Csongor , Szegedi István 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesAutophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process playing an important role in tumor cell's resistance to chemotherapy. Response to glucocorticoid (GC) treatment is out of the most important prognostic factors in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); however, only few data are available connecting GC response and role of autophagy. Our aim was to investigate whether altered expression of autophagy‐related genes contributes to GC‐resistant phenotype in GC‐sensitive and GC‐resistant precursor B‐cell‐type (PBC) ALL cells.MethodsGene expression data were obtained from public database for 26 children diagnosed with PBC ALL either sensitive or resistant to in vitro prednisolone treatment.ResultsWe have identified 36 autophagy‐associated genes which were differently expressed, based on at least a twofold difference, GC‐sensitive group as compared to GC‐resistant one. Of the 36 genes, 10 were downregulated and 26 upregulated in the GC‐resistant group. The average fold change values for the decreased and increased transcripts were −4.57 and 2.67, respectively.ConclusionsOur data imply that GC sensitivity might depend on the expression of several genes involved in regulation and execution of autophagy in a way that key autophagy inducers are downregulated while inhibitors of autophagy are upregulated in GC‐resistant cells.
Temporal dynamics of biotic and abiotic drivers of litter decomposition
Authors: García‐Palacios Pablo , Shaw E. Ashley , Wall Diana H. , Hättenschwiler Stephan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractClimate, litter quality and decomposers drive litter decomposition. However, little is known about whether their relative contribution changes at different decomposition stages. To fill this gap, we evaluated the relative importance of leaf litter polyphenols, decomposer communities and soil moisture for litter C and N loss at different stages throughout the decomposition process. Although both microbial and nematode communities regulated litter C and N loss in the early decomposition stages, soil moisture and legacy effects of initial differences in litter quality played a major role in the late stages of the process. Our results provide strong evidence for substantial shifts in how biotic and abiotic factors control litter C and N dynamics during decomposition. Taking into account such temporal dynamics will increase the predictive power of decomposition models that are currently limited by a single‐pool approach applying control variables uniformly to the entire decay process.
The semiology of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures revisited: Can video alone predict the diagnosis? Preliminary data from a prospective feasibility study
Authors: Erba Giuseppe , Giussani Giorgia , Juersivich Adam , Magaudda Adriana , Chiesa Valentina , Laganà Angela , Di Rosa Gabriella , Bianchi Elisa , Langfitt John , Beghi Ettore 
Published: March 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate if, when, and to what extent visual information contained in a video‐recorded event allows experienced epileptologists to predict the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) without the aid of electroencephalography (EEG).MethodsFive neurologists actively practicing in epilepsy centers in Italy and the United States were asked to review 23 videos capturing representative events of 21 unselected consecutive patients admitted for long‐term video‐EEG monitoring (VEM). Four raters were blind to EEG and clinical information; one rater was not. They were requested to (1) rate the videos for quality and content; (2) choose among four diagnoses: (a) epileptic seizures (ES); (b) PNES; (c) Other nonepileptic seizures (NES; (syncope, movement disorder, migraine, etc.); (d) “Cannot Say”; and (3) explain in their own words the main reasons leading to the diagnosis of choice.ResultsAll raters predicted the diagnosis correctly in 7 of 23 videos (all ES or PNES) (30.4%), whereas all raters failed in 5 of 23 cases (three Other NES, one PNES, one Cannot Say) (21.7%). The conditions that facilitate, and those that interfere with, a confident diagnosis were predictable. Degree of accuracy among raters was not uniform and was consistently better in three raters. Two among the four blind raters were as accurate as the rater who was not blinded. Interrater agreement was “moderate” (k = 0.52) for the overall group; “moderate” for ES (k = 0.53); “substantial” for PNES (k = 0.63); “fair” for Other NES (k = 0.21)—similar to the results obtained in a previous study evaluating the reliability of combined video‐EEG.SignificanceIn about one third of cases, a confident diagnosis of PNES/ES can be established on clinical grounds based on video data alone. Our results benefit all affected patients, particularly those with no access to video‐EEG monitoring units.
Racecourse fracture management. Part 1: Incidence and principles
Authors: Wright I. M. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryEquine fractures occurring during racing are an emotive subject. Attending veterinary surgeons have an obligation to be well informed and decisive; actions taken and advice given are frequently subject to public scrutiny and there are in addition important welfare, financial and litigious considerations. This paper is the first of a trilogy of reviews aimed at providing veterinary surgeons with up to date information on racecourse fracture management. It details incidence and predisposing factors, contemporary reviews on pathogenesis and discusses insurance implications. It also gives guidelines for acute evaluation and first aid management including sedation and analgesia. The second paper will describe techniques for temporary immobilisation and transport and the third will report up to date recommendations and emergency care of specific fractures.
On the I–II mixed mode fracture of granite using four‐point bend specimen
Authors: Wang C. , Zhu Z.M. , Liu H.J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFour‐point bend experiments on black granite are conducted. The fracture behaviours of granite under pure mode I, pure mode II and I–II mixed mode are investigated, and the corresponding stress intensity factors KI , KII and the non‐singular term T‐stress are obtained through numerical–experimental method. The results are compared with the theoretical predictions of generalized maximum tangential stress criterion and other conventional criteria. It shows that generalized maximum tangential stress criterion fits the experimental results better for considering the effect of T‐stress. Contrasting with other loading configurations, the values of T‐stress for asymmetric four‐point bend specimens are much smaller, especially for pure mode II specimens, which provide an asymmetric deformation field where the T‐stress is approaching zero.
Ontogenetic diet shifts produce trade‐offs in elemental imbalance in bluegill sunfish
Authors: Showalter Ann M. , Vanni Michael J. , González María J. 
Published: March 2016

Summary

Many species undergo substantial ontogenetic changes in elemental content that often accompany significant shifts in diet. However, it is unclear how elemental imbalance varies across ontogeny and whether these changes are caused by ontogenetic diet shifts.

Because elemental imbalance can affect individual growth rates, behaviour and nutrient cycling, understanding the role of ecological stoichiometry in consumers with ontogenetic diet shifts will enhance our ability to predict how individuals and populations influence broader ecological processes.

In a field survey, we examined ontogenetic changes in stoichiometry of the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), which undergoes an ontogenetic diet shift from zooplankton to benthic invertebrates. Specifically, we quantified the elemental composition of diets, bodies and excreta of bluegill ranging in size from larvae to small adults (10–110 mm total length). We compared imbalance between diet elemental content and individual needs before and after the diet shift.

At around 25 mm total length, bluegill diet shifted from zooplankton to benthic invertebrates. Benthic invertebrates had lower nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents than zooplankton. Elemental imbalance estimates indicated potential carbon (C) limitation in all sizes of bluegill, and the diet shift tended to reduce C imbalance relative to P. However, N:P imbalance was exacerbated by the diet shift, resulting in high ratios of N:P in excreta. Changes in per cent N and C:N ratios in bluegill were generally associated with the diet shift and can be explained by the levels of these elements in the diet. In contrast, bluegill P and calcium contents increased dramatically prior to the diet shift and are more likely a result of ontogenetic constraints, specifically skeletal development in larval fish.

Our results indicate that ontogenetic diet shifts can produce trade‐offs in imbalance between different elemental ratios, and provide stoichiometrically explicit support for previous findings that energetics (including C limitation and food availability) is an important driver of bluegill diet shifts. The patterns in elemental imbalance associated with diet shifts may alter a consumer's role in ecosystem‐level processes like nutrient cycling.