bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filtering Nonlinear Turbulent Dynamical Systems through Conditional Gaussian Statistics
Authors: Chen Nan , Majda Andrew J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a general conditional Gaussian framework for filtering complex turbulent systems is introduced. Despite the conditional Gaussianity, such systems are nevertheless highly nonlinear and are able to capture the non-Gaussian features of nature. The special structure of the filter allows closed analytical formulas for updating the posterior states and is thus computationally efficient. An information-theoretic framework is developed to assess the model error in the filter estimates. Three types of applications in filtering conditional Gaussian turbulent systems with model error are illustrated. First, dyad models are utilized to illustrate that ignoring the energy-conserving nonlinear interactions in designing filters leads to significant model errors in filtering turbulent signals from nature. Then a triad (noisy Lorenz 63) model is adopted to understand the model error due to noise inflation and underdispersion. It is also utilized as a test model to demonstrate the efficiency of a novel algorithm, which exploits the conditional Gaussian structure, to recover the time-dependent probability density functions associated with the unobserved variables. Furthermore, regarding model parameters as augmented state variables, the filtering framework is applied to the study of parameter estimation with detailed mathematical analysis. A new approach with judicious model error in the equations associated with the augmented state variables is proposed, which greatly enhances the efficiency in estimating model parameters. Other examples of this framework include recovering random compressible flows from noisy Lagrangian tracers, filtering the stochastic skeleton model of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO), and initialization of the unobserved variables in predicting the MJO/monsoon indices.
Reducing social costs by the rehabilitation system in Germany: rehabilitation, prevention and the role of employers
Authors: Devetzi Stamatia 
Published: April 2016

<p>Retaining and restoring employability and work capacity of the employees is a major goal in the German social security system and an important means to reduce social costs. The main tool to achieve this is rehabilitation. The “rehabilitation system” constitutes an important part of the overall German social security system. This article gives an overview of the German rehabilitation system, its<br />main goals and characteristics. Special attention is paid to the question of prevention and the role of employers.</p>
Social security circumvention as an obstacle to social justice: the correlation with labour status and whistle-blowing
Authors: Tsetoura Anna 
Published: April 2016

<p>This article explores social security delinquency, which can impair social justice <br />and its awarding. The parameters leading to social security fraud or delinquency are examined. Taking into account that the social security status is linked to employment, precarity in work or undeclared work are presented as a threat for the balance of a social security system. It is about a financial balance, but also a social one, since the previous can ultimately result in the disruption of social justice causing anti-motives for the participating in the social security system<br />and the proper fulfillment of the obligations it entails. After presenting the situation in the EU as regards the “grey zones” of employment which then have their impact on social security equilibrium, U.S.’ mechanisms for reporting fraud and whistleblower’s protection are analyzed in order to explain the recent trends in many of the EU countries of adopting similar measures.</p>
Greece: developed, developing or country in permanent transition?
Authors: Mavridis Savvas 
Published: April 2016

<p>The combination of globalization, which imposes a merciless competition between countries and outdated social structures creates particularly adverse conditions for social development in countries where these circumstances do not improve the countries’ competitiveness. Clifford Geertz introduced the concept of societies in permanent transition, where both tradition and modernity are receding at an increasing or alarming rate, leaving only the relics of the tradition and simulacra of the modernity. This article examines Greece through the concept<br />of society in permanent transition.</p>
Why might you use narrative methodology? A story about narrative
Authors: McAlpine Lynn 
Published: April 2016

Narratiiv on üks paljudest kvalitatiivsetest uurimismeetoditest, mille abil saab koguda ja analüüsida andmeid ning esitada uurimistulemusi, kuid sellest hoolimata ei kasutata seda nii sageli kui näiteks juhtumiuuringuid. Artikkel annab võimaluse heita pilk narratiivi kasutamisele selle teadlase vaatenurgast, kes on viimase kümnendi jooksul uurinud selle meetodi abil järjepidevalt noorte teadlaste – doktorantide ning kraadi omandanud ja karjääri alustavate inimeste – kogemusi. See on aidanud mõista nii narratiivi pakutavaid võimalusi kui ka sellega kaasnevaid piiranguid. Artiklis tutvustatakse esmalt narratiiviuuringuid laiemalt ning seejärel selgitatakse autori kümneaastase narratiiviuuringuga seotud mõttekäike, protsesse ja toiminguid, sealhulgas narratiiviga kaasnevat loomingulist potentsiaali. Eesmärk on tekitada teistes teadlastes soov kaaluda narratiivi kasutamise võimalusi, kui see sobitub nende epistemoloogilise käsitlusviisiga.
Full text
Perceptions of primary school teachers on the disciplines related to the learning of organisation leadership
Authors: Uibu Krista , Kaseorg Merike , Kink Toomas 
Published: April 2016

Organisatsiooni kui terviku juhtimise seisukohalt on oluline, et iga õpetaja oskaks hinnata oma arenguvajadusi ja -võimalusi, probleeme lahendada ning meeskonnas töötada. Uurimuse eesmärk on välja selgitada, millised õppiva organisatsiooni juhtimise distsipliinide põhimõtted domineerivad klassiõpetajate arusaamades, ning arendada välja tõhusalt toimiva haridusasutuse juhtimise mudel indiviidi ja organisatsiooni tasandil. Toetudes Senge (1990) õppiva organisatsiooni juhtimise viiele distsipliinile, analüüsitakse artiklis põhikooli esimese kooliastme õpetajate mõttemudeleid ja süsteemse mõtlemise oskust, arusaamu isiklikust meisterlikkusest, ühisest visioonist ning meeskondlikust õppimisest. Uuringu valimi moodustab 47 kolmanda klassi õpetajat, kelle arusaamu ja hinnanguid uuritakse struktureeritud intervjuudega. Andmete analüüsimisel kasutatud muutuja- ja indiviidikesksed analüüsid võimaldavad leida erinevusi nii rühma keskmiste tulemuste tasemel kui ka eri profiiliga õpetajate rühmades. Uurimistulemustest selgub, et klassiõpetajad kirjeldavad põhjalikumalt õppiva organisatsiooni indiviidi tasandi distsipliine, seevastu organisatsiooni tasandi distsipliinide kirjeldused on pinnapealsemad. Tulemustele tuginedes saab arendada välja tõhusa haridusasutuse juhtimise mudeli.
Summary
The experiences, expectations and evaluations of pre-school teachers as developers of curricula
Authors: Ugaste Aino , Tuul Maire , Mikser Rain , Neudorf Evelyn , Jürimäe Maria 
Published: April 2016

Üha enam riike kehtestab alus- ja üldharidusastmes riiklikke õppekavu. Samas suureneb tähelepanu õpetaja omanikutundele õppekava suhtes ning õpetaja kaasamisele õppekava arendamisse, kuna mõistetakse, et need on riikliku õppekava eduka rakendamise eeltingimused. Seega on õpetaja tegevus õppekava arendamisel oluline uurimisteema. Uurimuse eesmärk on selgitada, millised on Eesti lasteaiaõpetajate kogemused koolieelse lasteasutuse õppekava koostamisel ja nende ootused seoses õppekava arendamise protsessiga ning milliseks nad hindavad õppekava koostamise protsessi mõju oma professionaalsele arengule ja demokraatliku professionalismi süvenemisele. 32 lasteaiaõpetajaga tehtud poolstruktureeritud intervjuudest selgus, et õpetajate hinnangul aitas lasteaia õppekava koostamise protsessis osalemine kaasa õppekava olemuse mõistmisele, suurendas motivatsiooni osaleda õppekavaarenduses ning toetas õpetaja üldist professionaalset arengut. Viimase olulisimaks osaks oli koostöövõime ehk demokraatliku professionalismi lisandumine. Uurimistulemused kinnitavad, et senine riiklik õppekavapoliitiline kurss on alushariduse puhul põhjendatud, ent õpetaja ootused viitavad vajadusele õppekava arendamise protsessi täiustada.
Summary
Experience related to teaching practice and participation in the induction year: The view through the blogs
Authors: Luik Piret , Taimalu Merle 
Published: April 2016

Õpetajakoolitus on viimastel aastatel olnud Eestis suure tähelepanu all. Pedagoogiline praktika ja kutseaasta kui õpetajakoolituse esimesed etapid avaldavad väga suurt mõju üliõpilase isiklikule ja professionaalsele arengule. Seepärast on oluline uurida, mida üliõpilased kogevad oma esmasel kokkupuutel õpetaja elukutsega. Üht võimalust selleks pakuvad hariduslikud blogid, milles käsitletavad teemad võimaldavad jälgida praktikantide ja algajate õpetajate õppimis- ja mõtlemisprotsessi. Uurimuse eesmärk on välja selgitada, millest ja kuidas kirjutavad blogis õpetajakoolituse üliõpilased pedagoogilisel praktikal ja algajad õpetajad kutseaastal. 2010/11. ja 2012/13. õppeaastal korraldatud uuringus osales 243 blogijat. Andmeid koguti blogist, mida õppijad kasutasid praktika või kutseaasta jooksul vabatahtlikult omavaheliseks suhtluseks. Artiklis analüüsitakse saadud tulemusi kvantitatiivselt ning antakse nende põhjal soovitusi pedagoogilise praktika ja kutseaasta korraldajatele.
Summary
Associations between teachers’ instructional practices and student engagement in the 2nd and 7th grade classrooms
Authors: Poom-Valickis Katrin , Jõgi Anna-Liisa , Timoštšuk Inge , Oja Annika 
Published: April 2016

Artiklis keskendutakse õpetajate juhendamispraktika seostele õpilaste kaasatusega õppimisse. Õpetaja poolt tunnis rakendatud juhendamisstiili väljaselgitamisel võeti aluseks isemääramisteooria (self-determination theory), mille kohaselt on õppijate motivatsiooni ja seda väljendavat kaasatust toetava õpikeskkonna loomisel olulised kaks õpikeskkonna dimensiooni: autonoomsuse toetamine ja struktureeritus. Täpsemalt analüüsiti, millist mõju avaldavad õpetajapoolne autonoomsuse toetamine ja struktureeritus põhikooli 2. klassi (N = 260) ja 7. klassi õpilaste (N = 207) kaasatusele tunnis. Andmete kogumisel kasutati tunnivaatlust ning küsitleti õpilasi. Uurimistulemuste põhjal võib öelda, et 2. klassi õpilaste hinnangud oma kaasatusele olid 7. klassi õpilaste omadega võrreldes oluliselt kõrgemad ning tüdrukud hindasid mõlemas klassis enda kaasatust kõrgemalt kui poisid. Kaasatuse komponentidest ennustas õpetajapoolne autonoomsuse toetamine 2. klassi õpilaste pingutamist ning 7. klassi õpilaste tunni nautimist. Tunni struktureeritusel oli mõju õpilaste kaasatusele ainult 7. klassis, kus enam struktureeritud tundides olid õpilased keskmiselt tähelepanelikumad ning pingutasid samuti tugevamini.
Summary
Cluster Based Vector Attribute Filtering
Authors: Kiwanuka Fred N. , Wilkinson Michael H.F. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Morphological attribute filters operate on images based on properties or attributes of connected
components. Until recently, attribute filtering was based on a single global threshold on a scalar property to
remove or retain objects. A single threshold struggles in case no single property or attribute value has a suitable,
usually multi-modal, distribution. Vector-attribute filtering allows better description of characteristic
features for 2D images. In this paper, we apply vector-attribute filtering to 3D and incorporate unsupervised
pattern recognition, where connected components are classified based on the similarity of feature vectors.
Using a single attribute allows multi-thresholding for attribute filters where more than two classes of structures
of interest can be selected. In vector-attribute filters automatic clustering avoids the need for either
setting very many attribute thresholds, or finding suitable class prototypes in 3D and setting a dissimilarity
threshold. Explorative visualization reduces to visualizing and selecting relevant clusters. We show that the
performance of these new filters is better than those of regular attribute filters in enhancement of objects in
medical images.
Holistic control of ship noise emissions
Authors: Borelli Davide , Gaggero Tomaso , Rizzuto Enrico , Schenone Corrado 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The sustainability of anthropogenic activities at
sea is recently gaining more and more attention. As regards
shipping, emissions from ships into the environment
of various nature (engine exhaust gases, anti-fouling
paints leaching, ballast exchange, releases at sea of oil
and other noxious liquid or solid cargoes, of sewage and
of garbage) have been recognized as sources of pollution
and therefore controlled and limited since a long time.
The subject of noise emission has been identified only recently.
To study the problem, the EU has funded, among
others, the FP7 SILENV (Ship Innovative soLutions to rEduce
Noise and Vibrations) project that run from 2010 to
2012. In the present work, the holistic approach followed
within the project to characterize and control the ship as
a source of noise is presented. Three types of noise emissions
(in air, in water and inside the ship) are analyzed
highlighting peculiarities and different strategies adopted
to characterize the source, the impact on the receiver and
the possible solutions to set limits to the ship emissions.
The project outcome included a socalled “Green Label”: a
set of new prenormative requirements defined for the three
main areas mentioned above.
Combined temozolomide and ionizing radiation induces galectin-1 and galectin-3 expression in a model of human glioma
Authors: Bailey Lauren A. , Jamshidi-Parsian Azemat , Patel Tulsi , Koonce Nathan A. , Diekman Alan B. , Cifarelli Christopher P. , Marples Brian , Griffin Robert J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground Despite aggressive treatment for glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), including surgical resection, radiotherapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, over 90% of patients experience tumor recurrence. Galectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins that are overexpressed in the stroma of GBM tumors, and are potent modulators of GBM cell migration and angiogenesis. The objective of this study was to analyze glioma and endothelial cell galectin expression in response to combined chemoradiation. Methodology The effects of TMZ, ionizing radiation, or combined chemoradiation on galectin protein secretion and expression were assessed in U87 orthotopically grown GBM tumors in mice, as well as in vitro in U87 human glioma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results We found that combination chemoradiation increased galectin-1 and galectin-3 protein expression in U87 glioma cells. In response to radiation alone, U87 cells secreted significant levels of galectin-1 and galectin-3 into the microenvironment. HUVEC co-culture increased U87 galectin-1 and galectin-3 protein expression 14 - 20% following chemoradiation, and conferred a radioprotective benefit to U87 glioma cells. In vivo, radiation alone and combination chemoradiation significantly increased tumor galectin-1 expression in an orthotopic murine model of GBM. Conclusions Glioma cell galectin expression increased following combined chemoradiation, both in vitro and in vivo. The presence of endothelial cells further increased glioma cell galectin expression and survival, suggesting that crosstalk between tumor and endothelial cells in response to standard chemoradiation may be an important factor in mediating glioma recurrence, potentially via galectin upregulation.
First-year Daycare and Incidence of Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Hullegie Saskia , Bruijning-Verhagen Patricia , Uiterwaal Cuno S.P.M. , van der Ent Cornelis K. , Smit Henriette A. , de Hoog Marieke L.A. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:
Daycare attendance has been associated with increased acute gastroenteritis (AGE) incidence in the first years of life. We investigated the effects of first-year daycare attendance on AGE incidence and primary care contact rate up to age 6 years.

METHODS:
Children enrolled in the Wheezing Illnesses Study Leidsche Rijn cohort were managed until age 6 years. Data on primary care diagnosed AGE episodes and number of associated contacts per episode were collected from health records. Children were categorized according to first year daycare attendance and age-month at entry when applicable. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess associations between first-year daycare and AGE incidence or primary care contact rate.

RESULTS:
A total of 1344 out of 2220 children (83%) attended daycare before age 1 year. Overall, the 6-year primary care AGE incidence rate (IR) among first-year daycare attendees and nonattendees was comparable (IR: 12.2/100 vs 13.3/100 child-years). First-year daycare attendees had a higher AGE incidence during the first year (IRR: 1.13; 95% confidence interval: 1.06–1.21) and lower during the third to sixth year of age compared with nonattendees (P &lt; .001). The daycare-associated increase in AGE incidence was most pronounced during the first 12 months after enrollment into daycare and demonstrated clear seasonality. A similar pattern was observed for primary care contact rate per AGE episode.

CONCLUSIONS:
First-year daycare attendance advances the timing of AGE infections, resulting in increased AGE disease burden in the first year and relative protection thereafter. Protection against AGE infection persists at least up to age 6 years. Future studies should address whether this protective effect persists during later childhood.
PROJETART EMPRESA JUNIOR DE CONSULTORIA EM ATIVIDADES DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL.
Authors: Dantas Anna Aline Roque Santana , Formiga Niara Fernandes Barbosa , Medeiros Layse Dantas de , Macedo José Henrique da Silva , Santos Joseph Hakkinen Alves 
Published: April 2016

Este artigo apresenta as atividades desenvolvidas pela empresa júnior "Projetart", de consultoria e assessoria na área de construção, em funcionamento no Instituto de Educação, ciência e tecnologia da Paraíba, atuante no Campus Picuí desde 2013. A Projetart é uma Associação Civil sem fins lucrativos, constituída por estudantes e professores, com a missão de ampliar o conhecimento prático dos conteúdos ministrados em sala de aula. São desenvolvidos pelos alunos serviços como levantamento topográfico, projeto arquitetônico e orçamento de obras, orientados por professores/profissionais especializados. Os benefícios advindos da Empresa Júnior também são relevantes para a sociedade, visto que ela se transforma em uma alternativa atraente para a população contratar serviços de qualidade com baixo custo. Com isso, a comunidade vence os obstáculos da falta de profissionais e do constante desconhecimento das técnicas construtivas necessárias para realizar pequenas obras. No ano de 2015, um dos projetos executados pela equipe foi de uma edificação residencial multifamiliar com dois pavimentos. O projeto foi um desafio para os estudantes, mas resultou em uma proposta surpreendente para o beneficiário interessado.
¿Territorios o aglomerados de exclusión?
Authors: Pierola Ramiro Rojas 
Published: April 2016

<p>Entender la coexistencia contemporánea no solo en realidades Latinoamericanas, como en el caso específico de la América andina, de la reciprocidad ancestral y el intercambio mercantil informal e ilegal moderno-, lógicas expresadas en este artículo como <em>territorio</em> y <em>aglomerado de exclusión</em> respectivamente-, implica discutir las consecuencias del entrelazamiento de lo urbano popular con los usos y costumbres rurales y comunitarias en las ciudades. Analizar la confrontación de racionalidades hegemónicas, encarnadas en el Estado y el mercado por un lado, y en las poblaciones populares y comunidades andinas (en este caso) por el otro, permite recuperar la lógica ancestral de reproducción social y económica perviviente y propia de la región, en los contextos urbanos contemporáneos. Ese cruce de racionalidades en juego es sin duda el núcleo de este artículo, donde enfocamos en esta oportunidad la constitución de un gran aglomerado de exclusión en la ciudad de El Alto. El objeto empírico es la inacabable existencia de la gran Feria 16 de Julio de la ciudad de El Alto, Bolivia, que sostiene no solo la historia de las ancestrales y jóvenes ferias andinas, sino también la personificación –estigma del comercio ilegal, informal y subalterno de la ciudad y su peso en la economía urbana y de la región. Se rastrea su evolución a través de la reconstrucción histórica de la conformación de El Alto y los acontecimientos que influyeron para la definición de las nuevas identidades individuales y colectivas en la feria, en su carácter de espacio social ¿Qué se construye en la feria de El Alto? ¿Qué tipo de sociedad? ¿Qué tipo de intercambio? Estas preguntas enmarcan una cuestión central del estudio: ¿Es la Feria 16 de julio un territorio o un vasto aglomerado de exclusión?</p>
Systemic Inflammatory Biomarkers and Their Association With Periodontal and Diabetes‐Related Factors in the Diabetes and Periodontal Therapy Trial, A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Geisinger Maria L. , Michalowicz Bryan S. , Hou Wei , Schoenfeld Elinor , Gelato Marie , Engebretson Steven P. , Reddy Michael S. , Hyman Leslie 
Published: April 2016

Background: The present study evaluates effects of non‐surgical periodontal treatment on serum biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2DM) and chronic periodontitis who participated in the Diabetes and Periodontal Therapy Trial (DPTT); and associations among diabetes markers, serum biomarkers, and periodontal measures in these patients.Methods: DPTT participants randomized to receive immediate or delayed non‐surgical periodontal therapy were evaluated at baseline and 6 months. Serum samples from 475 participants with 6‐month data were analyzed for the following biomarkers: 1) high sensitivity C‐reactive protein; 2) E‐selectin; 3) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α; 4) vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM); 5) interleukin (IL)‐6; 6) IL‐8; 7) intercellular adhesion molecule; and 8) IL‐10. Changes in biomarker levels from baseline and correlations among biomarker levels and clinical findings were analyzed.Results: No differences between treatment and control groups were observed for any biomarkers at baseline or 6 months (P >0.05 for all variables). VCAM levels increased by an average (standard deviation) of 17.9 (99.5); ng/mL (P = 0.006) and E‐selectin decreased by 2.33 (16.08) ng/mL (P = 0.03) in the treatment group after 6 months. E‐selectin levels were significantly correlated with DM‐related variables (hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] and fasting glucose) at baseline and with 6‐month change in both groups; no significant correlations were found among periodontal clinical parameters and serum biomarkers or DM‐related variables. Neither HbA1c or body mass index varied during the study period in either study group.Conclusions: Non‐surgical periodontal therapy and periodontal disease severity were not associated with significant changes in serum biomarkers in DPTT participants during the 6‐month follow‐up. Correlations among changes in E‐selectin, IL‐6, and DM‐related variables suggest that t2DM may be the primary driver of systemic inflammation in these patients.