bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Assessment of Current Management in an Intensively Managed Agroecosystem
Authors: Wilson Christopher G. , Wacha Kenneth M. , Papanicolaou A.N. (Thanos) , Sander Heather A. , Freudenberg Violet B. , Abban Benjamin K.B. , Zhao Chang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTo assess management impacts on the functionality of intensively managed agroecosystems, a modeling framework was developed with a bottom‐up approach and spatially distributed, process‐based models. The framework is equipped with dynamic, data‐informed indicators and indices to illuminate the factors influencing sustainability. The proposed dynamic indices consider natural and human aspects of an agroecosystem such as erosion, biogeochemistry, and economics. Most current indicators are static, or slow‐changing, soil characterization parameters that reflect better long‐term interactions between landscape features, climate, and biology. However, the ever‐changing land management and climate necessitates the use of dynamic parameters that reflect agroecosystem responses to different land management on similar timescales (e.g., seasonally). Our framework examines the performance of different ecosystem services including crop productivity, carbon storage, and net income under three different strategies with varying degrees of tillage intensity. The strategy with the highest intensity produced the highest yields, but also had the highest production costs. The second most intense strategy also had high yields, as well as the highest net income. However, these two strategies produced high erosion rates, which depleted the recalcitrant soil carbon, a critical component of system productivity and health. The index that provided the clearest picture of improvement within an agroecosystem was the Carbon Management Index (CMI), which incorporates carbon lability and the implicit accounting of soil carbon redistribution from erosion. The CMI for the more intense strategies decreased in recent years, showing that they are not sustainable despite their high short‐term productivity or profitability. The least intense strategy had the lowest Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) depletion through erosion and the highest CMI with a trend that is still‐increasing through the present. Our study shows that to augment SOC storage, it important not only to increase the overall organic matter input, but also increase the amount of recalcitrant carbon in the soil and the longevity of all soil carbon through aggregate formation.
Stories of People Who Have Attended a Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Trans Support Group in a Secure Intellectual Disability Service
Authors: Tallentire Liz , Smith Matthew , David Lee , Roberts Adam , Bruce  , Morrow Sarah , Withers Paul , Smith Ian 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThis research is about people who have intellectual disabilities and live in a secure hospital. It is about a group of people who meet at a support group. The support group is for people who are lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender.MethodsThese people with intellectual disabilities helped with planning, doing, and telling other people about the research. They told their stories about going to the support group.ResultsTheir stories were joined together into a group story. The story said that the group helped people in lots of different ways. For some people going to the group was difficult at first because it was ?coming out’. This means telling other people you are lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender. Then it got easier and people started to feel better about themselves. Then they wanted to help others and this was important in their lives.ConclusionsThis group seemed to help people get better. We have given some ideas for setting up other groups and doing more research.
Genome‐wide association study for milk somatic cell score in holstein cattle using copy number variation as markers
Authors: Durán Aguilar M. , Román Ponce S.I. , Ruiz López F.J. , González Padilla E. , Vásquez Peláez C.G. , Bagnato A. , Strillacci M.G. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryMastitis, the most common and expensive disease in dairy cows, implies significant losses in the dairy industry worldwide. Many efforts have been made to improve genetic mastitis resistance in dairy populations, but low heritability of this trait made this process not as effective as desired. The purpose of this study was to identify genomic regions explaining genetic variation of somatic cell count using copy number variations (CNVs) as markers in the Holstein population, genotyped with the Illumina BovineHD BeadChip. We found 24 and 47 copy number variation regions significantly associated with estimated breeding values for somatic cell score (SCS_EBVs) using SVS 8.3.1 and PennCNV‐CNVRuler software, respectively. The association analysis performed with these two software allowed the identification of 18 candidate genes (TERT, NOTCH1, SLC6A3, CLPTM1L, PPARα, BCL‐2, ABO, VAV2, CACNA1S, TRAF2, RELA, ELF3, DBH, CDK5, NF2, FASN, EWSR1 and MAP3K11) that result classified in the same functional cluster. These genes are also part of two gene networks, whose genes share the ‘stress’, ‘cell death’, ‘inflammation’ and ‘immune response’ GO terms. Combining CNV detection/association analysis based on two different algorithms helps towards a more complete identification of genes linked to phenotypic variation of the somatic cell count.
Historical limits on species co‐occurrence determine variation in clade richness among New World passerine birds
Authors: Kennedy Jonathan D. , Price Trevor D. , Fjeldså Jon , Rahbek Carsten 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimSpecies richness is unevenly distributed among clades, reflecting differences in the extent to which species co‐occur, their rates of geographical turnover and total area occupied. Here, we study richness variation among 10 large clades of New World passerine birds, assessing the dynamics of range expansion and diversification that led to the build‐up of co‐occurring species.LocationNew World.MethodsWe defined co‐occurrence based on the presence in 1°×1° grid cells, an area substantially smaller than the geographical scale of speciation in birds, implying that range expansion is the main mechanism by which species accumulate within grid cells. For each species, we estimated its ‘diversification rate’, a measure of the extent to which it is a member of an actively diversifying lineage. Within each group, we ranked all species by this measure, before dividing them into quartiles.ResultsNeither clade age nor geographical area correlates with overall clade richness, but the maximum number of co‐occurring species does. Within each group, locations supporting large numbers of species in actively diversifying lineages generally differ from those containing many species belonging to more ancient groups. The tropical Andes and Amazon are notable for continuously generating and maintaining species, such that the most species‐rich clades have predominantly radiated in these areas. Based on the timing of their speciation events, we infer that a lack of reproductive isolation may limit the co‐occurrence of species that are members of actively diversifying lineages, but not those that are generally long diverged.Main conclusionsSpatiotemporal differences in the rates of range expansion and diversification are likely set by the capacity of regions to generate and maintain species. This, rather than the rate at which reproductive isolation accrues, area occupied, or time for diversification, appears to be the major factor underlying the disparity in clade richness between New World passerine groups.
The rich sides of mountain summits – a pan‐European view on aspect preferences of alpine plants
Authors: Winkler Manuela , Lamprecht Andrea , Steinbauer Klaus , Hülber Karl , Theurillat Jean‐Paul , Breiner Frank , Choler Philippe , Ertl Siegrun , Gutiérrez Girón Alba , Rossi Graziano , Vittoz Pascal , Akhalkatsi Maia , Bay Christian , Benito Alonso José‐Luis , Bergström Tomas , Carranza Maria Laura , Corcket Emmanuel , Dick Jan , Erschbamer Brigitta , Fernández Calzado Rosa , Fosaa Anna Maria , Gavilán Rosario G. , Ghosn Dany , Gigauri Khatuna , Huber Doris , Kanka Robert , Kazakis George , Klipp Martin , Kollar Jozef , Kudernatsch Thomas , Larsson Per , Mallaun Martin , Michelsen Ottar , Moiseev Pavel , Moiseev Dmitry , Molau Ulf , Molero Mesa Joaquín , Morra di Cella Umberto , Nagy Laszlo , Petey Martina , Pușcaș Mihai , Rixen Christian , Stanisci Angela , Suen Michael , Syverhuset Anne O. , Tomaselli Marcello , Unterluggauer Peter , Ursu Tudor , Villar Luis , Gottfried Michael , Pauli Harald 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimIn the alpine life zone, plant diversity is strongly determined by local topography and microclimate. We assessed the extent to which aspect and its relatedness to temperature affect plant species diversity, and the colonization and disappearance of species on alpine summits on a pan‐European scale.LocationMountain summits in Europe's alpine life zone.MethodsVascular plant species and their percentage cover were recorded in permanent plots in each cardinal direction on 123 summits in 32 regions across Europe. For a subset from 17 regions, resurvey data and 6‐year soil temperature series were available. Differences in temperature sum and Shannon index as well as species richness, colonization and disappearance of species among cardinal directions were analysed using linear mixed‐effects and generalised mixed‐effects models, respectively.ResultsTemperature sums were higher in east‐ and south‐facing aspects than in the north‐facing ones, while the west‐facing ones were intermediate; differences were smallest in northern Europe. The patterns of temperature sums among aspects were consistent among years. In temperate regions, thermal differences were reflected by plant diversity, whereas this relationship was weaker or absent on Mediterranean and boreal mountains. Colonization of species was positively related to temperature on Mediterranean and temperate mountains, whereas disappearance of species was not related to temperature.Main conclusionsThermal differences caused by solar radiation determine plant species diversity on temperate mountains. Advantages for plants on eastern slopes may result from the combined effects of a longer diurnal period of radiation due to convection cloud effects in the afternoon and the sheltered position against the prevailing westerly winds. In northern Europe, long summer days and low sun angles can even out differences among aspects. On Mediterranean summits, summer drought may limit species numbers on the warmer slopes. Warmer aspects support a higher number of colonization events. Hence, aspect can be a principal determinant of the pace of climate‐induced migration processes.
Surgical outcomes in patients with cutaneous malignant melanoma in Europe – a systematic literature review
Authors: Costa Svedman F. , Spanopoulos D. , Taylor A. , Amelio J. , Hansson J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThere is limited comparative evidence of the outcomes of different types of surgical management in patients with malignant melanoma in Europe. To address that gap we conducted a systematic literature review to summarize studies reporting outcomes of surgical procedures in patients with malignant melanoma in Europe. Medline was searched for European studies published in English, between 2004 and 2014 reporting surgical outcomes in adults with cutaneous malignant melanoma. We identified 23 studies that evaluated 18 332 patients treated surgically between 1979 and 2009 from 11 European countries. Most of the studies (21/23) were observational; the two remaining studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Studies compared the effect of a range of surgical interventions on a range of clinical outcomes, more commonly overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS)/recurrence‐free survival (RFS). Wider excisions were not associated with improved survival in patients with melanoma thickness ≥2 mm in both studies (RCTs), however, recent results based on long‐term follow‐up data associate 3 cm excision margins (vs. 1 cm) with favourable survival outcomes. There was some evidence that complete lymph node dissection after positive sentinel lymph node offers survival benefits over therapeutic lymph node dissection. Sentinel lymph node biopsy was not shown to be associated with significant OS benefits, however, it was overly related with higher rates of DFS/RFS. This review highlights the difficulties of making comparisons between different types of surgical procedures for malignant melanoma. As surgery remains the main treatment, this is an important field, and further evidence, particularly from RCTs, is needed.
The Epidermolysis Bullosa Disease Activity and Scarring Index (EBDASI): grading disease severity and assessing responsiveness to clinical change in epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Jain S.V. , Harris A.G. , Su J.C. , Orchard D. , Warren L.J. , McManus H. , Murrell D.F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe lack of validated outcome measures for epidermolysis bullosa (EB) presents major barriers to evaluating disease severity and comparing the efficacy of therapies. The Epidermolysis Bullosa Disease Activity and Scarring Index (EBDASI) was recently introduced as a valid and reliable instrument for EB; however, its interpretation for use in clinical practice and clinical trials is yet to be defined.ObjectiveTo assess the interpretability of the EBDASI in classifying patients according to disease severity and clinical response.MethodsA total of 53 outpatients with EB at two interstate institutions were prospectively evaluated. At each visit, the principal dermatologist completed the EBDASI and global assessments of disease severity and change. Classifications for mild, moderate and severe disease using the EBDASI were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. Minimal clinically important differences for the EBDASI activity subscale were calculated and compared with the standard error of measurement.ResultsTotal EBDASI score ranges of 0–42, 43–106 and 107–506 corresponded to mild, moderate and severe disease respectively. Reduction in EBDASI activity scores of greater than 9 indicated clinically significant improvement. An increase of 3 in the activity score indicated deterioration.ConclusionThe EBDASI is a responsive tool and may be useful in characterizing disease severity and response. The cut‐offs proposed in this study provide the first practical guide for interpreting the EBDASI, further supporting its use for longitudinal patient assessment and in clinical trials.
Measuring the effect of Family Medicine Group enrolment on avoidable visits to emergency departments by patients with diabetes in Quebec, Canada
Authors: Carter Renee , Lévesque Jean‐Frédéric , Harper Sam , Quesnel‐Vallée Amélie 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Family Medicine Group (FMG) model of primary care in Quebec, Canada, was driven by the voluntary implementation of family physicians. Our main objective was to measure the effect of FMG enrolment on avoidable use of the emergency department (ED) by diabetic patients. We also sought to determine if effects differed according to whether patients were infrequent or frequent users of the ED and according to high‐ versus low‐regional levels of enrolment. We used data from provincial health administrative databases to identify the diabetic patient population over the age of 20 years for each fiscal year between 2003‐2004 and 2011‐2012. We used fixed effects and marginal structural models to estimate the effect of enrolment in FMGs on avoidable use of the ED. Our results indicated that for every 10‐percentage point increase in the population enrolled with an FMG in the year prior to an event, there was a 3% reduction in avoidable visits to the ED made by an individual (RR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.95, 0.99). We found a significant reduction among diabetic patients who had at most 1 visit to the ED per year (RR = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.95, 0.99) and nonsignificant effects among more frequent users. Within low‐enrolment regions, a 10‐percentage point increase in enrolment in FMG practices att − 1 led to an 18% decrease in the number of avoidable ED visits (RR = 0.82; 95% CI = 0.78, 0.87). The effect disappeared when the analyses were restricted to the high‐enrolment regions (RR = 1.00; 95% CI = 0.92, 1.09). The design and implementation of the incentive to promote team‐based practice may not have borne much influence on early adopters who may have been overrepresented by physicians from high‐performing practices before the introduction of the reform.
The Family Dance: Ambiguous Loss, Meaning Making, and the Psychological Family in Foster Care
Authors: Mitchell Monique B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article explores how a child's psychological family can be affected, challenged, and transformed in the foster care system. When placed into foster care, children are often disconnected from many significant relationships, especially familial relationships (e.g., parents, siblings). Similarly, as children navigate their way through the foster care system, placements can change and relationships are formed and dissolved; as a result, children engage in a dance of family formulation, dissolution, and meaning making. The theory of ambiguous loss is used as a guiding framework to explore the choreography of a child's “dance” with family and meaning making during the acculturation into foster care.
Resilience in the Context of Ambiguous Loss: A Commentary
Authors: Masten Ann S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis commentary compares the concept of resilience as conceptualized and studied in ambiguous loss and in the broader domain of developmental resilience science. The discussion highlights common roots, similarities and differences in the definitions of resilience and protective processes, and implications for interventions. Resilience concepts in ambiguous loss theory are congruent with contemporary developmental resilience theory in multiple ways. Future research and practice would benefit from further integration of these compatible perspectives on resilience.
Ambiguous Loss Due to Separation in Voluntary Transnational Families
Authors: Solheim Catherine A. , Ballard Jaime 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis theoretical review explores the usefulness of the ambiguous loss framework for understanding the unique and complex realities of boundary‐spanning relationships in transnational families. Transnational family processes and interactions are those carried out in both the country of origin and the destination country. We first discuss the distinctive characteristics of ambiguous loss that can impact transnational family experiences in today's globalized world and propose a conceptual model of ambiguous loss in these families. We then describe the factors that affect boundary ambiguity in transnational families and challenges to family reunification, often the long‐term goal of families separated by voluntary migration. We conclude by suggesting ways that an ambiguous loss theoretical lens is useful for research and practice with transnational families.
Differences in expression of Wnt antagonist Dkk1 in healthy versus pathological bone samples
Authors: RAY S. , KHASSAWNA T. EL , SOMMER U. , THORMANN U. , WIJEKOON N.D. , LIPS K. , HEISS C. , ALT V. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryWnt/β‐catenin signalling components was shown to affect bone cells function including chondrocytes.Secreted Dkk1, a potent osteogenesis inhibiting factor mediates bone loss in diseased bones by suppressing the biological actions of Wnt proteins. In addition, increased Dkk1 signalling inhibits chondrogenesis in new bone formation. Recent findings also show there exists a cross‐talk between the chondrocytes and the cells of the osteoblast lineage, which are the most affected cell types in muskuloskeletal disorders. This study investigated whether spatial expression of Dkk1 is confined to only osteoblasts, osteocytes or chondrocytes. The second objective was to detect a difference in the Dkk1 expression pattern in healthy subjects when compared to pathological state. To elucidate the cell specificity of Dickkopf‐1 (Dkk1) in healthy bones, samples from female Sprague–Dawley rats were tested against two different antibodies with the two most widely accepted visualization system (ABC and Envision). The findings show Dkk1 specificity predominantly for osteoblasts, chondrocytes and osteocytes depending upon the antibody used. In addition, Dkk1 expression was evaluated in different cells of human osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (OA) patients. Its overexpression in pathologic state also suggests the role of Dkk1 in bone formation. This is scientifically and clinically important in studying the effect of Dkk1 in bone healing and in designing treatments for patients with compromised bone status. Taking into consideration the paradigm that cartilage and subchondral bone behave as an interconnected functional unit, normalization of cell behaviour in one compartment may have benefits in both tissues.
Nrf2‐dysregulation correlates with reduced synthesis and low glutathione levels in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis
Authors: Morales Pantoja Itzy E. , Hu Che‐lin , Perrone‐Bizzozero Nora I. , Zheng Jianzheng , Bizzozero Oscar A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the possible mechanism(s) underlying glutathione (GSH) deficiency in the mouse spinal cord during the course of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein35–55 peptide‐induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a commonly used animal model of multiple sclerosis. Using the classical enzymatic recycling method and a newly developed immunodot assay, we first demonstrated that total GSH levels (i.e. free GSH plus all its adducts) are reduced in EAE, suggesting an impaired synthesis. The decline in the levels of this essential antioxidant tripeptide in EAE coincides temporally and in magnitude with a reduction in the amount of γ‐glutamylcysteine ligase, the rate‐limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Other enzymes involved in GSH biosynthesis, whose genes also contain antioxidant‐response elements, including glutathione synthetase, cystine/glutamate antiporter, and γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase (γ‐GT) are diminished in EAE as well. Low levels of γ‐glutamylcysteine ligase, glutathione synthetase, and γ‐GT are the consequence of reduced mRNA expression, which correlates with diminished expression of the nuclear factor (erythroid‐derived 2)‐like 2 (Nrf2) in both the cytosol and nucleus. Interestingly, the low Nrf2 expression does not seem to be caused by increased degradation via Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1‐dependent or Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1‐independent mechanisms (such as glycogen synthetase kinase‐3β activation), or by reduced levels of Nrf2 mRNA. This suggests that translation of this important transcription factor and/or other still unidentified post‐translational processes are altered in EAE. These novel findings are central toward understanding how critical antioxidant and protective responses are lost in inflammatory demyelinating disorders.
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