bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase Domain 17 Regulates Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells and Chemosensitivity Via Notch1 Signaling
Authors: Wang Rui , Ye Xiangcang , Bhattacharya Rajat , Boulbes Delphine R. , Fan Fan , Xia Ling , Ellis Lee M. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Evidence is accumulating for the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in mediating chemoresistance in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17; also known as tumor necrosis factor-α-converting enzyme [TACE]) was shown to be overexpressed and to mediate cell proliferation and chemoresistance in CRC cells. However, its role in mediating the CSC phenotype in CRC has not been well-characterized. The objective of the present study was to determine whether ADAM17 regulates the CSC phenotype in CRC and to elucidate the downstream signaling mechanism that mediates cancer stemness. We treated established CRC cell lines and a newly established human CRC cell line HCP-1 with ADAM17-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) or the synthetic peptide inhibitor TAPI-2. The effects of ADAM17 inhibition on the CSC phenotype and chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in CRC cells were examined. siRNA knockdown and TAPI-2 decreased the protein levels of cleaved Notch1 (Notch1 intracellular domain) and HES-1 in CRC cells. A decrease in the CSC phenotype was determined by sphere formation and ALDEFLUOR assays. Moreover, TAPI-2 sensitized CRC cells to 5-FU by decreasing cell viability and the median lethal dose of 5-FU and increasing apoptosis. We also showed the cleavage and release of soluble Jagged-1 and -2 by ADAM17 in CRC cells. Our studies have elucidated a role of ADAM17 in regulating the CSC phenotype and chemoresistance in CRC cells. The use of drugs that inhibit ADAM17 activity might increase the therapeutic benefit to patients with mCRC and, potentially, those with other solid malignancies.

Significance
The present study has demonstrated the role of A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain 17 (ADAM17) in regulating cancer stemness and chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. In addition, a previously unknown cleavage of the Notch ligands Jagged-1 and -2 by ADAM17 in CRC cells is reported. These findings will have an impact on future studies of the regulation of cancer stem cells in CRC and, potentially, other cancer types.
Desarrollo y validación de una escala de medida de la empatía intercultural
Authors: González-González Hugo , Álvarez-Castillo José-Luis , Fernández-Caminero Gemma 
Published: January 2016

La investigación y la	práctica relacionadas con el uso de estrategias empáticas en	entornos educativos multiculturales se está revelando como	una de las más eficaces vías para la lucha contra el sesgo	intergrupal. El objeto del presente estudio es diseñar un	instrumento de medición de la empatía intercultural en su	componente afectivo, específico para la población española y	hacia la población de origen marroquí, que permita	diagnosticar este rasgo o capacidad antes de aplicar	estrategias educativas en entornos multiculturales. Con este	propósito se utilizaron dos muestras de estudiantes	universitarios para realizar una validación cruzada y,	mediante análisis factorial exploratorio (utilizando el	software Factor) y confirmatorio (SPSS-AMOS), se obtuvo una	estructura de 3 factores: preocupación empática, comprensión	y afecto. Los índices de bondad de ajuste, así como la	validez y fiabilidad revelada por los análisis	multidimensionales, demuestran que el modelo es óptimo.	Finalmente se discute la conveniencia de diseñar	instrumentos específicos en los que se tenga en	consideración el perfil de las poblaciones objeto de estudio	en ámbitos multiculturales.
Increase in the efficiency of spin detection based on GaAsSb by applying a longitudinal magnetic field or a postgrowth annealing process
Authors: Qiu Weiyang , Zhang Bin , Wang Yafeng , Chen Pingping , Chen Zhanghai , Li Ning , Lu Wei , Wang Xingjun 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
A substantial improvement in the efficiency of spin detection based on GaAs0.94Sb0.06 is realized by applying either a longitudinal magnetic field or a postgrowth annealing process. The degree of optical spin polarization can be increased from ∼19 to ∼40% at ∼105 K under a longitudinal magnetic field of 10 T. On the other hand, through the shortening of the electron lifetime by the use of a postgrowth annealing process, the efficiency for optical spin detection can be enhanced by a factor of nearly 4 from ∼6 to ∼23% at ∼180 K under zero external magnetic field.
Graphene-coated carbon fiber cloth for flexible electrodes of glucose fuel cells
Authors: Hoshi Kazuki , Muramatsu Kazuo , Sumi Hisato , Nishioka Yasushiro 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
In this work, we fabricated flexible electrodes for a miniaturized, simple structured, and flexible glucose biofuel cell (BFC) using a graphene-coated carbon fiber cloth (GCFC). The areas of the anode and cathode electrodes were 3 × 10 mm2. The anode area was coated with the enzyme glucose oxidase, and the cathode area was coated with the enzyme bilirubin oxidase. No ion-exchange film was needed because glucose oxidase selectively oxidizes glucose and bilirubin oxidase selectively reduces oxygen. The power density of the BFC with GCFC electrodes in a phosphate buffer solution of 200 mM glucose solution at room temperature was 34.3 µW/cm2 at 0.43 V. The power density of a BFC using carbon fiber cloth (CFC) without graphene modification was 18.5 µW/cm2 at 0.13 V. The BFC with the GCFC electrode continued to function longer than 24 h with a power density higher than 5 µW/cm2. These effects were attributed to the much larger effective surface areas of the GCFC electrodes that maintain more enzymes than those of the CFC electrodes.
Arterial pressure control for nursing military professionals
Authors: Lima da Silva Jorge Luiz , Lima Rodrigo Pereira Lima Pereira , Taveira Rodrigo Pereira Costa , Costa Felipe dos Santos , Soares Rafael da Silva 
Published: January 2016

Objetivo: Verificar quais os fatores de risco para a HAS que os profissionais militares da área de enfermagem identificam em seu estilo de vida; classificar os níveis pressóricos dos profissionais. Método: Quantitativo, embasado em pesquisa descritiva. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 40 profissionais militares da área de enfermagem. Foram identificados os seguintes fatores de risco para a HAS na população estudada: uso de contraceptivos hormonais (8,0%), tabagismo (7,0%), etilismo (2,0%), sedentarismo (21,0%), estresse (25,0%), consumo excessivo de sal (11,0%), obesidade (8,0%) e dieta hipercalórica e hiperprotéica (18,0%). A classificação da pressão arterial dos sujeitos revelou que 70,0% demonstraram valores pressóricos considerados normais ou ótimo, 12,5% valores considerados limítrofes e 17,5% comprovaram HAS. Conclusão: O estudo denota a necessidade de mudanças no estilo de vida dos profissionais, pois os fatores de risco associados aos níveis pressóricos podem contribuir para o aparecimento de HAS na população estudada.Descritores: Pressão arterial, hipertensão, enfermagem, enfermagem militar.
Clinical management of pain in the newborn: perception of nurses from the neonatal intensive care unit
Authors: Costa Karina Feital da , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Dames Louise José Pereira , Rodrigues Diego Pereira , Barbosa Maria Teresa de Souza Rosa , Souza Renata Rangel Birindiba de 
Published: January 2016

Objetivo: analisar a percepção dos enfermeiros acerca da clinica da dor no neonato na unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal Métodos: estudo descritivo, exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, com dez enfermeiros da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal do Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro aplicando um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada para a coleta dos dados, e analisados conforme a analise de conteúdo na modalidade temática. Resultados: o entendimento do mecanismo da dor neonatal, qual não depende da formação completa da mielinização; a falta de verbalização do recém nascido e esse fato dificulta a avaliação da dor, contudo é preciso estar sensível a outros sinais fisiológicos e comportamentais como: a mimica facial, frequência cardíaca e respiratória, pressão arterial sistólica, a saturação de oxigênio, sudorese palmar e tônus vagal. Conclusão: constitui uma pratica a ser repensada a utilização de protocolos e escalas para a avaliação dos indicadores de dor neonatal.
Modeling of the coseismic electromagnetic fields observed during the 2004 Mw 6.0 Parkfield earthquake
Authors: Gao Yongxin , Harris Jerry M. , Wen Jian , Huang Yihe , Twardzik Cedric , Chen Xiaofei , Hu Hengshan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe coseismic electromagnetic signals observed during the 2004 Mw 6 Parkfield earthquake are simulated using electrokinetic theory. By using a finite fault source model obtained via kinematic inversion, we calculate the electric and magnetic responses to the earthquake rupture. The result shows that the synthetic electric signals agree with the observed data for both amplitude and wave shape, especially for early portions of the records (first 9 s) after the earthquake, supporting the electrokinetic effect as the reasonable mechanism for the generation of the coseismic electric fields. More work is needed to explain the magnetic fields and the later portions of the electric fields. Analysis shows that the coseismic electromagnetic (EM) signals are sensitive to both the material properties at the location of the EM sensors and the electrochemical heterogeneity in the vicinity of the EM sensors and can be used to characterize the underground electrochemical properties.
Dust impact signals on the wind spacecraft
Authors: Kellogg P. J. , Goetz K. , Monson S. J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe analyze waveforms recorded by the Time Domain Sampler of the WAVES experiment on Wind which are similar to impulsive waveforms observed by the S/WAVES experiment on STEREO. These have been interpreted as dust impacts by Meyer‐Vernet et al. and M. L. Kaiser and K. Goetz and extensively analyzed by Zaslavsky et al. The mechanism for coupling the emission to the antennas to produce an electrical signal is still not well understood, however. One suggested mechanism for coupling of the impact to the antenna is that the spacecraft body changes potential with respect to the surrounding plasma but the antennas do not (the body mechanism). Another class of mechanisms, with several forms, is that the charge of the emitted cloud interacts with the antennas. The Wind data show that both are operating. The time domain shapes of the dust pulses are highly variable but we have little understanding of what provides these shapes. One feature of the STEREO data has been interpreted as impacts from high velocity nanoparticles entrained by the solar wind. We have not found evidence for fast nanodust in the Wind data. An appreciable fraction of the impacts observed on Wind is consistent with interstellar dust. The impact rates do not follow a Poisson distribution, expected for random independent events, and this is interpreted as bunching. We have not succeeded in relating this bunching to known meteor showers, and they do not repeat from 1 year to the next. The data suggest bunching by fields in the heliosphere.
C/NOFS observations of electromagnetic coupling between magnetically conjugate MSTID structures
Authors: Burke W. J. , Martinis C. R. , Lai P. C. , Gentile L. C. , Sullivan C. , Pfaff R. F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis report demonstrates empirically that couplings between magnetically conjugate medium‐scale traveling ionospheric disturbances (MSTIDs) are electromagnetic in nature. This is accomplished by comparing plasma density, electric, and magnetic perturbations sampled simultaneously by sensors on the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite. During the period of interest on 17 February 2010, C/NOFS made three consecutive orbits while magnetically conjugate to the field of view of an all‐sky imager located at El Leoncito, Argentina (31.8°S, 69.3°W). Imaged 630.0 nm airglow was characterized by alternating bands of relatively bright and dark emissions that were aligned from northeast to southwest and propagated toward the northwest, characteristic of MSTIDs in the southern hemisphere. Measurable Poynting fluxes flow along the Earth's magnetic field (S||) from “generator” to “load” hemispheres. While S|| was predominantly away from the ionosphere above El Leoncito, interhemispheric energy flows were not one‐way streets. Measured Poynting flux intensities diminished with time over the three C/NOFS passes, suggesting that source mechanisms of MSTIDs were absent or that initial impedance mismatches between the two hemispheres approached an equilibrium status.
An efficient and positivity‐preserving layer method for modeling radiation belt diffusion processes
Authors: Tao X. , Zhang L. , Wang C. , Li X. , Albert J. M. , Chan A. A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn efficient and positivity‐preserving layer method is introduced to solve the radiation belt diffusion equation and is applied to study the bounce resonance interaction between relativistic electrons and magnetosonic waves. The layer method with linear interpolation, denoted by LM‐L (layer method‐linear), requires the use of a large number of grid points to ensure accurate solutions. We introduce a monotonicity‐ and positivity‐preserving cubic interpolation method to be used with the Milstein‐Tretyakov layer method. The resulting method, called LM‐MC (layer method‐monotone cubic), can be used to solve the radiation belt diffusion equation with a much smaller number of grid points than LM‐L while still being able to preserve the positivity of the solution. We suggest that LM‐MC can be used to study long‐term dynamics of radiation belts. We then develop a 2‐D LM‐MC code and use it to investigate the bounce resonance diffusion of radiation belt electrons by magnetosonic waves. Using a previously published magnetosonic wave model, we demonstrate that bounce resonance with magnetosonic waves is as important as gyroresonance; both can cause several orders of magnitude increase of MeV electron fluxes within 1 day. We conclude that bounce resonance with magnetosonic waves should be taken into consideration together with gyroresonance.
Extracting the regional common‐mode component of GPS station position time series from dense continuous network
Authors: Tian Yunfeng , Shen Zheng‐Kang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe develop a spatial filtering method to remove random noise and extract the spatially correlated transients (i.e., common‐mode component (CMC)) that deviate from zero mean over the span of detrended position time series of a continuous Global Positioning System (CGPS) network. The technique utilizes a weighting scheme that incorporates two factors—distances between neighboring sites and their correlations of long‐term residual position time series. We use a grid search algorithm to find the optimal thresholds for deriving the CMC that minimizes the root‐mean‐square (RMS) of the filtered residual position time series. Comparing to the principal component analysis technique, our method achieves better (>13% on average) reduction of residual position scatters for the CGPS stations in western North America, eliminating regional transients of all spatial scales. It also has advantages in data manipulation: less intervention and applicable to a dense network of any spatial extent. Our method can also be used to detect CMC irrespective of its origins (i.e., tectonic or nontectonic), if such signals are of particular interests for further study. By varying the filtering distance range, the long‐range CMC related to atmospheric disturbance can be filtered out, uncovering CMC associated with transient tectonic deformation. A correlation‐based clustering algorithm is adopted to identify stations cluster that share the common regional transient characteristics.
Cold pool dissipation
Authors: Grant Leah D. , van den Heever Susan C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe mechanisms by which sensible heat fluxes (SHFs) alter cold pool characteristics and dissipation rates are investigated in this study using idealized two‐dimensional numerical simulations and an environment representative of daytime, dry, continental conditions. Simulations are performed with no SHFs, SHFs calculated using a bulk formula, and constant SHFs for model resolutions with horizontal (vertical) grid spacings ranging from 50 m (25 m) to 400 m (200 m). In the highest resolution simulations, turbulent entrainment of environmental air into the cold pool is an important mechanism for dissipation in the absence of SHFs. Including SHFs enhances cold pool dissipation rates, but the processes responsible for the enhanced dissipation differ depending on the SHF formulation. The bulk SHFs increase the near‐surface cold pool temperatures, but their effects on the overall cold pool characteristics are small, while the constant SHFs influence the near‐surface environmental stability and the turbulent entrainment rates into the cold pool. The changes to the entrainment rates are found to be the most significant of the SHF effects on cold pool dissipation. SHFs may also influence the timing of cold pool‐induced convective initiation by altering the environmental stability and the cold pool intensity. As the model resolution is coarsened, cold pool dissipation is found to be less sensitive to SHFs. Furthermore, the coarser resolution simulations not only poorly but sometimes wrongly represent the SHF impacts on the cold pools. Recommendations are made regarding simulating the interaction of cold pools with convection and the land surface in cloud‐resolving models.
Fetal Tendinous Connection Between the Tensor Tympani and Tensor Veli Palatini Muscles: A Single Digastric Muscle Acting for Morphogenesis of the Cranial Base
Authors: Rodríguez‐Vázquez José Francisco , Sakiyama Koji , Abe Hiroshi , Amano Osamu , Murakami Gen 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTSome researchers contend that in adults the tensor tympani muscle (TT) connects with the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVP) by an intermediate tendon, in disagreement with the other researchers. To resolve this controversy, we examined serial sections of 50 human embryos and fetuses at 6–17 weeks of development. At 6 weeks, in the first pharyngeal arch, a mesenchymal connection was found first to divide a single anlage into the TT and TVP. At and after 7 weeks, the TT was connected continuously with the TVP by a definite tendinous tissue mediolaterally crossing the pharyngotympanic tube. At 11 weeks another fascia was visible covering the cranial and lateral sides of the tube. This “gonial fascia” had two thickened borders: the superior one corresponded to a part of the connecting tendon between the TT and TVP; the inferior one was a fibrous band ending at the os goniale near the lateral end of the TVP. In association with the gonial fascia, the fetal TT and TVP seemed to provide a functional complex. The TT–TVP complex might first help elevate the palatal shelves in association with the developing tongue. Next, the tubal passage, maintained by contraction of the muscle complex, seems to facilitate the removal of loose mesenchymal tissues from the tympanic cavity. Third, the muscle complex most likely determined the final morphology of the pterygoid process. Consequently, despite the controversial morphologies in adults, the TT and TVP seemed to make a single digastric muscle acting for the morphogenesis of the cranial base. Anat Rec, 299:474–483, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics of immature mAb glycoform secretion during CHO cell culture: An integrated modelling framework
Authors: Jimenez del Val Ioscani , Fan Yuzhou , Weilguny Dietmar 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEnsuring consistent glycosylation‐associated quality of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has become a priority in pharmaceutical bioprocessing given that the distribution and composition of the carbohydrates (glycans) bound to these molecules determines their therapeutic efficacy and immunogenicity. However, the interaction between bioprocess conditions, cellular metabolism and the intracellular process of glycosylation remains to be fully understood. To gain further insight into these interactions, we present a novel integrated modelling platform that links dynamic variations in mAb glycosylation with cellular secretory capacity. Two alternative mechanistic representations of how mAb specific productivity (qp) influences glycosylation are compared. In the first, mAb glycosylation is modulated by the linear velocity with which secretory cargo traverses the Golgi apparatus. In the second, glycosylation is influenced by variations in Golgi volume. Within our modelling framework, both mechanisms accurately reproduce experimentally‐observed dynamic changes in mAb glycosylation. In addition, an optimisation‐based strategy has been developed to estimate the concentration of glycosylation enzymes required to minimise mAb glycoform variability. Our results suggest that the availability of glycosylation machinery relative to cellular secretory capacity may play a crucial role in mAb glycosylation. In the future, the modelling framework presented here may aid in selecting and engineering cell lines that ensure consistent mAb glycosylatio.
An artificial self‐sufficient cytochrome P450 directly nitrates fluorinated tryptophan analogs with a different regio‐selectivity
Authors: Zuo Ran , Zhang Yi , Huguet‐Tapia Jose C. , Mehta Mishal , Dedic Evelina , Bruner Steven D. , Loria Rosemary , Ding Yousong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAromatic nitration is an immensely important industrial process to produce chemicals for a variety of applications, but it often suffers from multiple unsolved challenges. Enzymes as biocatalysts have been increasingly used for organic chemistry synthesis due to their high selectivity and environmental friendliness, but nitration has benefited minimally from the development of biocatalysis. In this work, we aimed to develop TxtE as practical biocatalysts for aromatic nitration. TxtE is a unique class I cytochrome P450 enzyme that nitrates the indole of l‐tryptophan. To develop cost‐efficient nitration processes, we fused TxtE with the reductase domains of CYP102A1 (P450BM3) and of P450RhF to create class III self‐sufficient biocatalysts. The best engineered fusion protein was comparable with wild type TxtE in terms of nitration performance and other key biochemical properties. To demonstrate the application potential of the fusion enzyme, we nitrated 4‐F‐dl‐tryptophan and 5‐F‐l‐tryptophan in large scale enzymatic reactions. Tandem MS/MS and NMR analyses of isolated products revealed altered nitration sites. To our knowledge, these studies represent the first practice in developing biological nitration approaches and lay a solid basis to the use of TxtE‐based biocatalysts for the production of valuable nitroaromatics.
Highly Enantioselective Bromocyclization of Allylic Amides with a P/P=O Double‐Site Lewis Base Catalyst
Authors: Kawato Yuji , Ono Hiromi , Kubota Akino , Nagao Yoshihiro , Morita Naoki , Egami Hiromichi , Hamashima Yoshitaka 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe enantioselective bromocyclization of allylic amides catalyzed by phosphorus‐containing Lewis bases was examined in detail. A series of control experiments and NMR studies showed that a partially oxidized bis‐phosphine generated in situ serves as the actual enantioselective catalyst. The reaction mechanism involves distinct roles of two Lewis basic sites, P and P=O, with P+Br serving as a fine‐tuning element for substrate fixation in the chiral environment, and P+OBr as the Br+ transfer agent to the olefin. Catalyst loading could be reduced to as little as 1 mol %, and the reaction affords enantioenriched oxazolines with up to >99.5 % ee.