bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial and molecular resolution of diffuse malignant mesothelioma heterogeneity by integrating label-free FTIR imaging, laser capture microdissection and proteomics
Authors: Großerueschkamp Frederik , Bracht Thilo , Diehl Hanna C. , Kuepper Claus , Ahrens Maike , Kallenbach-Thieltges Angela , Mosig Axel , Eisenacher Martin , Marcus Katrin , Behrens Thomas , Brüning Thomas , Theegarten Dirk , Sitek Barbara , Gerwert Klaus 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDiffuse malignant mesothelioma (DMM) is a heterogeneous malignant neoplasia manifesting with three subtypes: epithelioid, sarcomatoid and biphasic. DMM exhibit a high degree of spatial heterogeneity that complicates a thorough understanding of the underlying different molecular processes in each subtype. We present a novel approach to spatially resolve the heterogeneity of a tumour in a label-free manner by integrating FTIR imaging and laser capture microdissection (LCM). Subsequent proteome analysis of the dissected homogenous samples provides in addition molecular resolution. FTIR imaging resolves tumour subtypes within tissue thin-sections in an automated and label-free manner with accuracy of about 85% for DMM subtypes. Even in highly heterogeneous tissue structures, our label-free approach can identify small regions of interest, which can be dissected as homogeneous samples using LCM. Subsequent proteome analysis provides a location specific molecular characterization. Applied to DMM subtypes, we identify 142 differentially expressed proteins, including five protein biomarkers commonly used in DMM immunohistochemistry panels. Thus, FTIR imaging resolves not only morphological alteration within tissue but it resolves even alterations at the level of single proteins in tumour subtypes. Our fully automated workflow FTIR-guided LCM opens new avenues collecting homogeneous samples for precise and predictive biomarkers from omics studies.
Epidemic trend of periodontal disease in elderly Chinese population, 1987–2015: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Hongmei , Xiao Li , Zhang Lei , Deepal Stacytabi , Ye Guo , Zhang Xiaonan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPeriodontal disease is a common oral health problem in the elderly population. The prevalence varied substantially due to absence of a universal diagnostic criteria. We conducted a systematic review to identify the epidemiological characteristics of periodontal diseases among Chinese elderly people. A total of 19 articles were included. The pooled detection rates for three indicators, including bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL), were 53.9% (95% CI: 43.8–63.9%), 57.0% (50.8–63.2%), and 70.1% (65.4–74.8%), respectively. No significant differences in these indicators between urban and rural population. When stratified by gender, BOP (+) detection rates did not show any differences, but the detection rates of PD ≥ 4 mm and CAL ≥ 4 mm were significantly higher in males than in females (59.3% [53.4–65.2%] versus 50.8% [43.5–58.0%], RRPD = 1.13 [1.01–1.26]; 73.8% [70.0–77.7%] versus 65.2% [60.2–70.2%], RRCAL = 1.21 [1.11–1.32]). No statistically significant differences were observed between CAL ≥ 4 mm and PD ≥ 4 mm (RR = 1.12, [0.83–1.50]). A geographical map based on available data during 1987–2015 showed wide variations of periodontal disease across the mainland China. Some factors such as heterogeneity of case definitions, no specific diagnosis of periodontitis, and variable quality of the included studies could affect the final results. Hence, further high-quality epidemiological studies with standardized diagnostic criteria are needed.
A pilot study on transient ischemic stroke induced with endothelin-1 in the rhesus monkeys
Authors: Dai PeiMin , Huang Hui , Zhang Lin , He Jing , Zhao XuDong , Yang FuHan , Zhao Ning , Yang JianZhen , Ge LongJiao , Lin Yu , Yu HuaLin , Wang JianHong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEndothelin-1 (ET-1), a vasoconstrictor, has recently been used to induce focal ischemia in rodents and marmoset monkeys. The rhesus monkey, however, has numerous advantages to the rodent and marmoset that make it a superior and irreplaceable animal model for studying stroke in the brain. In the present study, after mapping the preferred hand representation in two healthy male monkeys with intracortical micro-stimulation, ET-1 was microinjected into the contralateral motor cortex (M1) to its preferred hand. The monkeys had been trained in three manual dexterity tasks before the microinjection and were tested for these tasks following the ET-1 injection. Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging scans were performed 1, 7, 14 and 28 days post ischemia. It was found that ET-1 impaired the manual dexterity of the monkeys in the vertical slot and rotating Brinkman board tasks 3–8 days after the injection. Brain imaging found that severe edema was present 7 days after the focal ischemia. This data suggest that ET-1 can induce transient ischemic stroke in rhesus monkey and that ET-1 induced focal ischemia in non-human primates is a potential model to study the mechanism of stroke and brain repair after stroke.
A Hierarchical Feature and Sample Selection Framework and Its Application for Alzheimer’s Disease Diagnosis
Authors: An Le , Adeli Ehsan , Liu Mingxia , Zhang Jun , Lee Seong-Whan , Shen Dinggang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractClassification is one of the most important tasks in machine learning. Due to feature redundancy or outliers in samples, using all available data for training a classifier may be suboptimal. For example, the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is correlated with certain brain regions or single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and identification of relevant features is critical for computer-aided diagnosis. Many existing methods first select features from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or SNPs and then use those features to build the classifier. However, with the presence of many redundant features, the most discriminative features are difficult to be identified in a single step. Thus, we formulate a hierarchical feature and sample selection framework to gradually select informative features and discard ambiguous samples in multiple steps for improved classifier learning. To positively guide the data manifold preservation process, we utilize both labeled and unlabeled data during training, making our method semi-supervised. For validation, we conduct experiments on AD diagnosis by selecting mutually informative features from both MRI and SNP, and using the most discriminative samples for training. The superior classification results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, as compared with the rivals.
High Speed Computational Ghost Imaging via Spatial Sweeping
Authors: Wang Yuwang , Liu Yang , Suo Jinli , Situ Guohai , Qiao Chang , Dai Qionghai 
Published: March 2017

AbstractComputational ghost imaging (CGI) achieves single-pixel imaging by using a Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) to generate structured illuminations for spatially resolved information encoding. The imaging speed of CGI is limited by the modulation frequency of available SLMs, and sets back its practical applications. This paper proposes to bypass this limitation by trading off SLM’s redundant spatial resolution for multiplication of the modulation frequency. Specifically, a pair of galvanic mirrors sweeping across the high resolution SLM multiply the modulation frequency within the spatial resolution gap between SLM and the final reconstruction. A proof-of-principle setup with two middle end galvanic mirrors achieves ghost imaging as fast as 42 Hz at 80 × 80-pixel resolution, 5 times faster than state-of-the-arts, and holds potential for one magnitude further multiplication by hardware upgrading. Our approach brings a significant improvement in the imaging speed of ghost imaging and pushes ghost imaging towards practical applications.
Spin filtering effect generated by the inter-subband spin-orbit coupling in the bilayer nanowire with the quantum point contact
Authors: Wójcik Paweł , Adamowski Janusz 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe spin filtering effect in the bilayer nanowire with quantum point contact is investigated theoretically. We demonstrate the new mechanism of the spin filtering based on the lateral inter-subband spin-orbit coupling, which for the bilayer nanowires has been reported to be strong. The proposed spin filtering effect is explained as the joint effect of the Landau-Zener intersubband transitions caused by the hybridization of states with opposite spin (due to the lateral Rashba SO interaction) and the confinement of carriers in the quantum point contact region.
Phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate dynamically regulates the K2P background K+ channel TASK-2
Authors: Niemeyer María Isabel , Cid L. Pablo , Paulais Marc , Teulon Jacques , Sepúlveda Francisco V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo-pore domain K2P K+ channels responsible for the background K+ conductance and the resting membrane potential, are also finely regulated by a variety of chemical, physical and physiological stimuli. Hormones and transmitters acting through Gq protein-coupled receptors (GqPCRs) modulate the activity of various K2P channels but the signalling involved has remained elusive, in particular whether dynamic regulation by membrane PI(4,5)P2, common among other classes of K+ channels, affects K2P channels is controversial. Here we show that K2P K+ channel TASK-2 requires PI(4,5)P2 for activity, a dependence that accounts for its run down in the absence of intracellular ATP and its full recovery by addition of exogenous PI(4,5)P2, its inhibition by low concentrations of polycation PI scavengers, and inhibition by PI(4,5)P2 depletion from the membrane. Comprehensive mutagenesis suggests that PI(4,5)P2 interaction with TASK-2 takes place at C-terminus where three basic aminoacids are identified as being part of a putative binding site.
HIVed, a knowledgebase for differentially expressed human genes and proteins during HIV infection, replication and latency
Authors: Li Chen , Ramarathinam Sri H. , Revote Jerico , Khoury Georges , Song Jiangning , Purcell Anthony W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMeasuring the altered gene expression level and identifying differentially expressed genes/proteins during HIV infection, replication and latency is fundamental for broadening our understanding of the mechanisms of HIV infection and T-cell dysfunction. Such studies are crucial for developing effective strategies for virus eradication from the body. Inspired by the availability and enrichment of gene expression data during HIV infection, replication and latency, in this study, we proposed a novel compendium termed HIVed (HIV expression database; http://hivlatency.erc.monash.edu/) that harbours comprehensive functional annotations of proteins, whose genes have been shown to be dysregulated during HIV infection, replication and latency using different experimental designs and measurements. We manually curated a variety of third-party databases for structural and functional annotations of the protein entries in HIVed. With the goal of benefiting HIV related research, we collected a number of biological annotations for all the entries in HIVed besides their expression profile, including basic protein information, Gene Ontology terms, secondary structure, HIV-1 interaction and pathway information. We hope this comprehensive protein-centric knowledgebase can bridge the gap between the understanding of differentially expressed genes and the functions of their protein products, facilitating the generation of novel hypotheses and treatment strategies to fight against the HIV pandemic.
High-performance nanotube-enhanced perovskite photodetectors
Authors: Ka Ibrahima , Gerlein Luis Felipe , Nechache Riad , Cloutier Sylvain G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOrganic-inorganic perovskites have already shown a tremendous potential for low-cost light-harvesting devices. Yet, the relatively low carrier mobilities in bulk perovskites still prevent large-area devices with performances competing with state-of-the-art technologies. Here, we tackle this fundamental challenge by incorporating single-wall carbon nanotubes within a perovskite matrix by means of a simple two-step method in ambient air. Using this nano-engineered hybrid film, we demonstrate large-area photodetectors with responsivities up-to 13.8 A.W−1 and a broad spectral response from 300 to 800 nm, indicating that photocurrent generation arises from the charge transfer from the perovskite matrix to the embedded nanotube network. As the nanotubes facilitate the carrier extraction, these photodetectors also show a fast response time of 10 ms. This is significantly faster than most of previous reports on perovskite-based photodetectors, including devices with much smaller photosensitive areas. This approach is also well-suited for large-scale production of other perovskite-based light-harvesting devices.
Differentiation of Pancreatic Cyst Types by Analysis of Rheological Behavior of Pancreatic Cyst Fluid
Authors: Khamaysi Iyad , Abu Ammar Aiman , Vasilyev Gleb , Arinstein Arkadii , Chowers Yehuda , Zussman Eyal 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDifferentiation between mucinous and non-mucinous pancreatic cysts is exceedingly important and challenging, particularly as the former bears malignant transformation potential. Pancreatic cyst fluid (PCF)-based diagnostics, including analyses of biochemical markers, as well as cytology, has shown inadequate accuracy. Herein, a preliminary single-center study of 22 PCF samples, collected by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA), assessed the rheological behavior of PCF and its correlation with lesion type. The dependence of PCF shear viscosity on shear rate was found to follow a power law and could be fitted using Ostwald–de Waele model. Three types of flow curves were identified, where two types correlated with non-mucinous cysts, differing by their power law exponent, and the third type corresponding to mucinous cysts. Viscosity measured at a high shear rate was shown to serve as an accurate and independent marker distinguishing between mucinous and non-mucinous cysts, with an optimal cutoff value of ηc = 1.3 cP The accuracy of this novel technique proved superior to string-sign, cytology, carcinoembryonic antigen, and amylase assessments. Moreover, the combined predictive value of ηc and patient age provided for sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 95.5%, respectively. This simple and rapid diagnostic tool can be immediately implemented after EUS-FNA sampling.
Photostability of plasma polymerized γ-terpinene thin films for encapsulation of OPV
Authors: Bazaka Kateryna , Ahmad Jakaria , Oelgemöller Michael , Uddin Ashraf , Jacob Mohan V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOptically transparent, smooth, defect-free, chemically inert and with good adhesion to a variety of substrates, plasma polymers from plant-derived secondary metabolites have been identified as promising encapsulating materials for organic electronics and photovoltaics. Here, we demonstrate that an encapsulating layer of plasma polymerized γ-terpinene reduces degradation-related loss in conversion efficiency in PCPDTBT:PC70BM solar cells under ambient operating conditions. The stability of γ-terpinene films was then investigated under extreme UV irradiation conditions as a function of deposition power. When exposed to ambient air, prolonged exposure to UV–A and UV–B light led to notable ageing of the polymer. Photooxidation was identified as the main mechanism of degradation, confirmed by significantly slower ageing when oxygen was restricted through the use of a quartz cover. Under unnatural high-energy UV–C irradiation, significant photochemical degradation and oxidation occurred even in an oxygen-poor environment.
Fluorescent nanodiamonds enable quantitative tracking of human mesenchymal stem cells in miniature pigs
Authors: Su Long-Jyun , Wu Meng-Shiue , Hui Yuen Yung , Chang Be-Ming , Pan Lei , Hsu Pei-Chen , Chen Yit-Tsong , Ho Hong-Nerng , Huang Yen-Hua , Ling Thai-Yen , Hsu Hsao-Hsun , Chang Huan-Cheng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCell therapy is a promising strategy for the treatment of human diseases. While the first use of cells for therapeutic purposes can be traced to the 19th century, there has been a lack of general and reliable methods to study the biodistribution and associated pharmacokinetics of transplanted cells in various animal models for preclinical evaluation. Here, we present a new platform using albumin-conjugated fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) as biocompatible and photostable labels for quantitative tracking of human placenta choriodecidual membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pcMSCs) in miniature pigs by magnetic modulation. With this background-free detection technique and time-gated fluorescence imaging, we have been able to precisely determine the numbers as well as positions of the transplanted FND-labeled pcMSCs in organs and tissues of the miniature pigs after intravenous administration. The method is applicable to single-cell imaging and quantitative tracking of human stem/progenitor cells in rodents and other animal models as well.
Reactive Hyperemia Index in Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: Cross-sectional Data from a Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Wenjin , Meng Meijuan , Chen Jianping , Wang Liang , Sun Zhuxing , Li Xiurong , Zhou Jianmei , Gao Chaoqing , Zhou Jiajun , Chu Hong , Fan Wei , Bai Youwei , Yang Junwei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPrevious studies suggested that the reactive hyperemia index (RHI) is a promising cardiovascular risk predictor. We aimed to evaluate clinical determinants of RHI and its association with circulating endothelial injury and cardiac markers in hemodialysis patients. Among 368 patients recruited, RHI was evaluated by peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) on a midweek nondialysis day. Clinical determinants of RHI were explored by multiple stepwise regression analysis and associations between RHI and circulating markers were evaluated by general linear models. The major cause of a failed PAT test was poor signal (82.1%). Intraclass correlation coefficient for reproducibility evaluation was 0.74. Multiple regression analysis showed traditional clinical factors only explained 7% of the variance of natural logarithm RHI (LnRHI) in the patients. In association analyses, LnRHI showed significant positive associations with Von Willebrand factor (vWF) (p = 0.04) and tissue factor (p = 0.047). It also associated positively with troponins (p ≤ 0.02 for both). In conclusion, performance of the PAT test was acceptable in dialysis patients and traditional clinical variables had very limited influence on RHI in these subjects. Among a panel of conventional endothelial injury markers, RHI showed very modest associations with only vWF and tissue factor. RHI associated positively with troponins in the patients.
Green preparation of Ag nanoparticles/graphite nanosheets composite
Authors: Gan Xinxin , Xue Feng , Ding Enyong 
Published: March 2017

A simple chemical edge doping method to prepare the Ag nanoparticles/graphite nanosheets (Ag/GNS) composite is presented. The GNS were fabricated in water with the assistance of a high pressure homogenisation (HPH). Ag nanoparticles (Ag‐NPs) were decorated on GNS by edge doping. HPH was proved to be an efficient way to fabricate GNS with active sites to anchor metal nanoparticles in the authors’ work. The Ag/GNS composite synthesised by edge doping barely had any defects. The average diameter of the Ag‐NPs in this case was 52.6 nm. It was observed that the fabricated Ag‐NPs distributed mainly on the edge of GNS where the active sites were. The Ag/GNS composite exhibited a distinct surface‐enhanced Raman scattering effect with a low concentration of silver. The Ag‐NPs on the composite had improved stability (up to a month). It is believed that this simple and green method of nanocomposite preparation will shed some lights on the large‐scale production of metal‐nanoparticles‐decorated carbon matrices.
On the survival of humanity
Authors: Frick Johann 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWhat moral reasons, if any, do we have to ensure the long-term survival of humanity? This article contrastively explores two answers to this question: according to the first, we should ensure the survival of humanity because we have reason to maximize the number of happy lives that are ever lived, all else equal. According to the second, seeking to sustain humanity into the future is the appropriate response to the final value of humanity itself. Along the way, the article discusses various issues in population axiology, particularly the so-called Intuition of Neutrality and John Broome’s ‘greediness objection’ to this intuition.
Randomized, Prospective Double-Blinded Study Comparing 3 Different Doses of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid for Fluorescence-Guided Resections of Malignant Gliomas
Authors: Stummer Walter , Stepp Herbert , Wiestler Otmar D. , Pichlmeier Uwe 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Five-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is used for fluorescence-guided resections of malignant glioma at a dose of 20 mg/kg; yet, it is unknown whether lower doses may also provide efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a double-blinded randomized study comparing 3 different doses of 5-ALA.

METHODS: Twenty-one patients with suspected malignant glioma were randomly assigned to 0.2, 2, or 20 mg/kg 5-ALA. Investigators were unaware of dose. Intraoperatively, regions of interest were first defined in tumor core, margin, and adjacent white matter under white light. Under violet–blue illumination, the surgeon's impression of fluorescence was recorded per region, followed by spectrometry and biopsy. Plasma was collected after administration and analyzed for 5-ALA and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) content.

RESULTS: The positive predictive value of fluorescence was 100%. Visual and spectrometric fluorescence assessment showed 20 mg/kg to elicit the strongest fluorescence in tumor core and margins, which correlated with cell density. Spectrometric and visual fluorescence correlated significantly. A 10-fold increase in 5-ALA dose (2-20 mg/kg) resulted in a 4-fold increase of fluorescence contrast between marginal tumor and adjacent brain. tmax for 5-ALA was 0.94 h for 20 mg/kg (0.2 kg: 0.50 h, 2 mg/kg: 0.61 h). Integrated PPIX plasma levels were 255.8 and 779.9 mcg*h/l (2 vs 20 mg/kg). Peak plasma concentrations were observed at 1.89 ± 0.71 and 7.83 ± 0.68 h (2 vs 20 mg/kg; average ± Standard Error of Mean [SEM]).

CONCLUSION: The highest visible and measurable fluorescence was yielded by 20 mg/kg. No fluorescence was elicited at 0.2 mg/kg. Increasing 5-ALA doses did not result in proportional increases in tissue fluorescence or PPIX accumulation in plasma, indicating that doses higher than 20 mg/kg will not elicit useful increases in fluorescence.
Screening tools to assess risk of opioid abuse in the Canadian primary healthcare setting
Authors: Muir Hollie , Seymour Fran 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:
Opioid therapy for patients with chronic pain is increasing in frequency along with rates of opioid abuse. Many screening tools are available to assess for the risk of opioid abuse. NPs should use screening tools that are cross-validated for use in chronic pain patients in the Canadian primary healthcare setting.