bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consequences of proceeding with surgery after resuscitation from intra‐operative anaphylaxis
Authors: Sadleir P. H. M. , Clarke R. C. , Bozic B. , Platt P. R. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIntra‐operative acute hypersensitivity reactions require a decision to be made regarding whether to proceed with or abandon the planned surgical procedure once the patient has stabilised. Using retrospective case controls, we examined all cases (223) of proven acute hypersensitivity reactions from 2005 to 2014 in Western Australia, in which the syndrome was recognised by the treating clinician before or during surgery, to determine whether recovery outcomes were adversely affected by proceeding with the planned procedure. Surgery proceeded in 104 patients (47%) and was abandoned in 119 (53%). The severity of acute hypersensitivity reactions was Société Française d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation grade 1 or 2 in 56 patients (25%), grade 3 in 128 (56%) and grade 4 in 39 (17%). Abandoning surgery was more common in patients with increasing severity of hypersensitivity. The rate of major hypersensitivity‐related complications for all patients was zero for grade 1 and 2 reactions, 4.7% for grade 3 and 12.8% for grade 4. There were no deaths. Patients in whom surgery was completed were not observed to have a higher frequency of major hypersensitivity‐related complications when compared with cases of similar severity in whom surgery was abandoned. For patients admitted to the intensive care unit, proceeding with surgery was not associated with an increased duration of mechanical ventilation of the lungs. Our results suggest that, once initial resuscitation has been achieved and if resuscitative efforts can be re‐instituted if required, continuing with planned surgery in grade 1, 2 and 3 immediate hypersensitivity was not associated with poorer outcomes. After grade 3 reactions, there was a significant incidence of complications attributable to acute hypersensitivity regardless of whether surgery proceeded or was abandoned. Surgery was frequently abandoned in grade 4 immediate hypersensitivity and was associated with a high rate of complications.
Morningness–eveningness is not associated with academic performance in the afternoon school shift: Preliminary findings
Authors: Arrona‐Palacios Arturo , Díaz‐Morales Juan F. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundThe effect of morningness–eveningness, sleep habits, and intelligence on academic performance has been studied in a fixed morning school shift. However, no studies have analysed these variables in an afternoon school shift and tested whether morningness–eveningness is related to academic performance beyond sleep habits and intelligence effects.AimsThe psychometric properties of the Morningness–Eveningness Scale for Children (MESC) were analysed. Additionally, academic performance, sex, intelligence, sleep habits, and morningness–eveningness relationship in a morning and afternoon school shift were compared.SampleThe sample consisted of 400 students at a secondary public school in Reynosa, Tamaulipas, in north‐eastern Mexico (195 boys and 205 girls; mean ± SD: 13.85 ± 0.70 years old) attending a double‐shift school system: 200 from the morning shift (99 boys and 101 girls) and 200 from the afternoon shift (96 boys and 104 girls).MethodsThe students completed the MESC as a measure of morningness–eveningness, a sleep habits survey, a test of academic performance, and the inductive reasoning subtest (R) of the Primary Mental Abilities battery.ResultsAdolescents in the two school shifts did not differ in academic performance and intelligence. In the afternoon shift, adolescents slept longer, reported less sleep deficit and social jet lag, and were more oriented to eveningness than adolescents in the morning shift. Sex (girls), sleep length, inductive reasoning, and morningness were associated with academic performance in the morning shift but only sex and intelligence in the afternoon shift.ConclusionsThe role of morningness–eveningness in academic performance in the afternoon shift is examined.
Development of motor imagery ability in children with developmental coordination disorder – A goal‐directed pointing task
Authors: Adams Imke L. J. , Lust Jessica M. , Steenbergen Bert 
Published: November 2017

Children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) have difficulties with the predictive control of movements. This was shown in studies that target motor imagery and motor planning, and appears to become particularly evident with increases in task complexity. In this study, we used a complex mental chronometry paradigm to examine the development of motor imagery ability in children with DCD, using a longitudinal design. Thirty children were included in the DCD group (aged 6–11 years) and age‐ and gender‐matched to 30 controls. The DCD group had a Movement Assessment Battery for Children‐2 score ≤16th percentile and the control group ≥25th percentile. Results of this study showed that children with DCD indeed had a significantly lower correlation between executed and imagined movements. Importantly, the increase in the correlation and linear fit during subsequent measurements was comparable for the DCD and control group. Together, these findings suggest a delayed developmental onset of motor imagery ability in DCD, but a similar rate of development over time compared to the control group. Based on these results, it seems likely that explicit motor imagery instructions can be used to improve predictive control in children with DCD.
Sometimes It's Good to be Short: The Serotonin Transporter Gene, Positive Parenting, and Adolescent Depression
Authors: Little Keriann , Olsson Craig A. , Whittle Sarah , Macdonald Jacqui A. , Sheeber Lisa B. , Youssef George J. , Simmons Julian G. , Sanson Ann V. , Foley Debra L. , Allen Nicholas B. 
Published: November 2017

In threatening environments, the short (S) allele of 5‐HTTLPR is proposed to augment risk for depression. However, it is unknown whether 5‐HTTLPR variation increases risk for depression in environments of deprivation, lacking positive or nurturant features. Two independent longitudinal studies (n = 681 and 176, respectively) examined whether 5‐HTTLPR moderated associations between low levels of positive parenting at 11–13 years and subsequent depression at 17–19 years. In both studies only LL homozygous adolescents were at greater risk for depression with decreasing levels of positive parenting. Thus, while the S allele has previously been identified as a susceptible genotype, these findings suggest that the L allele may also confer sensitivity to depression in the face of specific environmental challenges.
Social Beliefs and Visual Attention: How the Social Relevance of a Cue Influences Spatial Orienting
Authors: Gobel Matthias S. , Tufft Miles R. A. , Richardson Daniel C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe are highly tuned to each other's visual attention. Perceiving the eye or hand movements of another person can influence the timing of a saccade or the reach of our own. However, the explanation for such spatial orienting in interpersonal contexts remains disputed. Is it due to the social appearance of the cue—a hand or an eye—or due to its social relevance—a cue that is connected to another person with attentional and intentional states? We developed an interpersonal version of the Posner spatial cueing paradigm. Participants saw a cue and detected a target at the same or a different location, while interacting with an unseen partner. Participants were led to believe that the cue was either connected to the gaze location of their partner or was generated randomly by a computer (Experiment 1), and that their partner had higher or lower social rank while engaged in the same or a different task (Experiment 2). We found that spatial cue‐target compatibility effects were greater when the cue related to a partner's gaze. This effect was amplified by the partner's social rank, but only when participants believed their partner was engaged in the same task. Taken together, this is strong evidence in support of the idea that spatial orienting is interpersonally attuned to the social relevance of the cue—whether the cue is connected to another person, who this person is, and what this person is doing—and does not exclusively rely on the social appearance of the cue. Visual attention is not only guided by the physical salience of one's environment but also by the mental representation of its social relevance.
Incidence of gastric adenocarcinoma among lesions diagnosed as low‐grade adenoma/dysplasia on endoscopic biopsy: A multicenter, prospective, observational study
Authors: Maekawa Akira , Kato Motohiko , Nakamura Takeshi , Komori Masato , Yamada Takuya , Yamamoto Katsumi , Ogiyama Hideharu , Nakahara Masanori , Kawai Naoki , Yabuta Takamasa , Mukai Akira , Hayashi Yoshito , Nishida Tsutomu , Iijima Hideki , Tsujii Masahiko , Morii Eiichi , Takehara Tetsuo 
Published: November 2017

Background and AimDifferentiation between gastric adenocarcinoma and low‐grade adenoma/dysplasia (LGA) on endoscopic forceps biopsy is difficult. We aim to clarify the incidence of carcinoma in specimens, obtained by endoscopic resection (ER), from cases that had been diagnosed as LGA (Vienna category 3) on endoscopic biopsy.MethodsIn this multicenter, prospective, observational study, patients with gastric adenoma (Vienna category 3 or 4.1) diagnosed on endoscopic forceps biopsy were enrolled. All the specimens were subjected to histopathological central review. Primary endpoint was the incidence of carcinoma (Vienna category 4.2 or over) among the biopsy‐proven gastric LGA. Secondary endpoints were the histological findings of resected specimens, clinicopathological features of carcinoma, and short‐term outcomes of all ER cases.ResultsNinety‐five patients with 104 lesions diagnosed as gastric adenoma were enrolled. After central review of the biopsy specimens, 47 lesions were diagnosed as LGA and seven lesions (15%) as adenocarcinoma (95% confidence interval, 7.6–28%). Carcinoma was detected in lesions that had a minimum size of 6 mm; the incidence of carcinoma was higher in the larger lesions. There was a histological discrepancy between biopsy and ER material in more than 60% of the cases.ConclusionsA substantial proportion of biopsy‐proven gastric LGA specimens were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma after ER. This indicated histological discrepancy between biopsy‐proven gastric LGA and histology of the resected material.
Meta‐heuristic multi‐ and many‐objective optimization techniques for solution of machine learning problems
Authors: Rodrigues Douglas , Papa João P. , Adeli Hojjat 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecently, multi‐ and many‐objective meta‐heuristic algorithms have received considerable attention due to their capability to solve optimization problems that require more than one fitness function. This paper presents a comprehensive study of these techniques applied in the context of machine learning problems. Three different topics are reviewed in this work: (a) feature extraction and selection, (b) hyper‐parameter optimization and model selection in the context of supervised learning, and (c) clustering or unsupervised learning. The survey also highlights future research towards related areas.
The Economic Cost of Patients With Migraine Headache Referred to Specialist Clinics
Authors: Osumili Beatrice , McCrone Paul , Cousins Sian , Ridsdale Leone 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo conduct a cost of illness study to estimate the economic impact of referring people with headache to specialists.BackgroundHeadache is one of the commonest health conditions affecting individuals in society.MethodsParticipants formed a convenience sample and were recruited from specialist headache clinics across London. Self‐report data on service use over a 4‐month period and lost employment were provided. These data were used to estimate economic costs. Predictors of cost were identified using multivariate analyses.ResultsThe mean (standard deviation) service costs for the 4‐month period was £857 (£845). The mean total cost (including lost employment) was £6588 (£11,982) with costs of informal care accounting for 74% of this figure. Total costs were on average £1079 higher for a unit increase on the headache impact test scale (P < .001; 95% CI £330 to £1784).ConclusionsCosts of headache are high, and increase with severity of symptoms. The annual cost to the country for those referred to specialists is estimated at £835 million.
Rescue therapy with bismuth quadruple regimen in patients with Helicobacter pylori ‐resistant strains
Authors: Fiorini Giulia , Saracino Ilaria Maria , Zullo Angelo , Gatta Luigi , Pavoni Matteo , Vaira Dino 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundBismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) is the recommended rescue therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of a 10‐day BQT regimen in patients who failed previous therapies and were infected with multiresistant H. pylori strainsMaterials and methodsHelicobacter pylori‐infected patients underwent endoscopy, culture, and susceptibility test for clarithromycin, metronidazole, and levofloxacin. Treatment with three‐in‐one capsule (Pylera®) four times daily and esomeprazole 20 mg twice daily for 10 days was administered. Treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were registered.ResultsA total of 116 patients with persistent H. pylori infection following at least one eradication therapy attempt were treated. Overall, resistance toward clarithromycin was detected in 80% of strains, toward metronidazole in 70%, and levofloxacin in 47.5%, with dual or triple resistance in 72.5% of cases. An eradication rate of 81.0% (95% CI: 73.0‐87.1) and 87.0% (95% CI: 79.4‐92.1) at ITT and PP analyses, respectively, was achieved. The cure rate remained high until it was used as fourth‐line regimen, while it dropped to low values (<67%) in those patients with more than 4 therapy failures. A total of 65.7% (95% CI: 56.4‐74.0) patients complained of TEAEs.ConclusionsOur data found that bismuth‐based quadruple regimen is effective as rescue therapy for curing patients infected with multiresistant H. pylori strains.
Effectiveness of rutin and its lipophilic ester in improving oxidative stability of sardine oil containing trace water
Authors: Vaisali Chandrasekar , Belur Prasanna D. , Iyyaswami Regupathi 
Published: November 2017

SummaryPoor oxidative stability exhibited by n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid rich sardine oil is a major challenge for its utilisation in industry. Considering the fact that water is always present in bulk oil in trace amounts during storage, an effort was made to understand and compare the effectiveness of rutin and its corresponding lipophilic ester in enhancing oxidative stability of refined sardine oil containing trace water (0.16% w/w). Peroxide value, conjugated diene value, p‐anisidine value and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value were determined during 20 days storage. Rutin fatty ester showed 50% reduction in primary oxidation and 42.46% reduction in secondary oxidation, whereas rutin showed 20.6% and 20.43% reduction in primary and secondary oxidation, respectively, by the end of 20 days storage. Thus, it is clearly established that rutin fatty ester is more effective than hydrophilic rutin in sardine oil containing trace water, which contradicts the polar paradox theory.
Coupling effects of preheating time and extraction medium pH on red radish anthocyanin yield, glucosinolate degradation and off‐odour removal
Authors: Chen Wentian , Karangwa Eric , Yu Jingyang , Duhoranimana Emmanuel , Xia Shuqin , Feng Biao , Zhang Xiaoming , Jia Chensheng 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIn this study, the effect of combined preheating time (2, 5, and 10 min) and extraction medium pH (2.5, 3.5, and 4.5) on total monomeric anthocyanin yield, and removal of off‐odour in red radish anthocyanins were evaluated. The tentative anthocyanin identification showed twelve pelargonidin anthocyanins, and only nine were identified in samples preheated for 10 min. Sample preheated for 10 min and extracted at pH 4.5 showed lower the anthocyanin yield (98.02 mg/100 g, FW), lighter colour and higher percentage polymeric colour compared with that preheated for 2 min and extracted at pH 2.5. However, prolonged preheating time (10 min) significantly reduced myrosinase enzyme activity by 73%. Additionally, results showed that preheating time and extraction medium pH have negative and significant effect on the total monomeric anthocyanin yield, while they showed positive and negative significant effect on the total glucosinolate degradation. Furthermore, the sensory evaluation results revealed no significant difference in radish odour for samples preheated for 2 and 5 min followed by anthocyanin extraction in pH 2.5 medium. It might therefore be concluded that the combination of moderated preheating treatment time (≤5 min) and lower extraction medium pH could be effective to reduce the off‐odour characteristics and maintaining high yield and stable red radish pigment.
A yttrium aluminosilicate glass fiber with graded refractive index fabricated by melt‐in‐tube method
Authors: Zhang Yeming , Qian Guoquan , Xiao Xusheng , Tian Xiangling , Chen Zhi , Zhong Jiuping , Ma Zhijun , Guo Haitao , Xu Shanhui , Yang Zhongmin , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA graded‐index fiber with yttrium aluminosilicate (YAS) glass core was fabricated by a “Melt‐in‐Tube” method. The refractive index and stress profiles of the fibers exhibit a highly symmetrical gradient tendency along the radial axis which is in accordance with the results of element migration. Based on the formation mechanism of YAS glass core, the relationships between the refractive index/stress profile and the spontaneous migration are discussed. A linear all‐fiber laser based on the obtained fiber shows a laser output threshold of 11.48 mW and slope efficiency of 8.3%. The near‐field beam intensity distribution of fiber laser with spectrum FWHM of 0.24 nm indicates the good laser beam quality. The facile “Melt‐in‐tube” method was proved to be reliable in designing graded‐index fiber through the dissolution and diffusion process, which is more advanced than commonly used “Rod‐in‐tube” method.
Pollination context alters female advantage in gynodioecious Silene vulgaris
Authors: Stone J. D. , Olson M. S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGynodioecy, the co‐occurrence of females and hermaphrodites, is arguably the most common angiosperm gender polymorphism in many florae. Females’ ability to invade and persist among hermaphrodites depends, in part, on pollinators providing adequate pollination to females. We directly measured diurnal and nocturnal pollinators’ contributions to female and hermaphrodite seed production in artificial populations of gynodioecious Silene vulgaris by experimentally restricting pollinator access. We found that female relative seed production in this system depended strongly on pollination context: females produced more than twice as many seeds as hermaphrodites in the context of abundant, nectar‐collecting moths. Conversely, females showed no seed production advantage in the context of pollen‐collecting syrphid flies and bees due to acutely hermaphrodite‐biased visitation. We infer that variation in pollinator type, behaviour and abundance may be important for achieving the female relative fitness thresholds necessary for the maintenance of gynodioecy. Generally, our study illustrates how pollinator‐mediated mechanisms may influence the evolution of breeding systems and associated suites of floral traits. Segments of a pollinator community may facilitate gynodioecy by selecting for plant characteristics that increase the attractiveness of both sexes to pollinators, such as nectar rewards. Conversely, discriminating visitors in search of pollen may restrict gynodioecy in associated plant lineages by reducing male steriles’ fitness below threshold levels.
Fitting semi‐empirical drying models using a tool based on wavelet neural networks: Modeling a maize drying process
Authors: Claumann Carlos Alberto , Cancelier Adriano , da Silva Adriano , Zibetti André Wüst , Lopes Toni Jefferson , Machado Ricardo Antônio Francisco 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMaize drying is an important process, especially for storage and conservation. For this study, the experimental stage was carried out using a forced convection dryer with air heated at different temperature conditions (306.05–441.85 K) and flow (0.13–0.256 m3/hr), totalizing 15 drying curves. Then the performances of the classic drying kinetics methodology and the approach proposed in this paper, in which the increase in moisture content of the product with time was represented combining exponential models and neural networks based on wavelets, were compared. Good performance was obtained in predictions using the proposed approach. One of the main differentials of the methodology adopted was the obtainment of a model that has a global predictive capacity, within the range of tested operating conditions, which can be used in predicting drying curves for different operating conditions.Practical applicationsThe drying process is also one of the most widely used methods for preserving food, and has the advantage of reducing the costs of storage and transport because of the low volume and weight of the end product. During the last years, this topic has attracted a broad industrial interest, resulting in many research studies investigating the drying process. Usually, with regard to the classic approach for modeling of the drying process, the kinetics of drying curves obtained in different operating conditions is affected separately, that is, the parameters are estimated independently, resulting in different regression problems. With the classical approach, in general, it is not possible to obtain a comprehensive prediction model with regards to operating conditions. We have proposed an alternative modeling method. Aiming to obtain a modeling tool with an overall predictive ability, an approach for drying kinetics prediction that combines exponential models and neural networks was proposed. The proposed modeling method was able to predict drying curves for different operating conditions.