bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infecciones de vía aérea superior relacionada con el uso del biberón en la alimentación del lactante menor
Authors: Barrientos Monge Rocio 
Published: January 2017

Introducción. La lactancia materna ofrece un efecto protector contra las infecciones respiratorias, principalmente de la vía aérea superior; por tanto, es necesario determinar si su sustitución por biberón afecta la incidencia de infecciones respiratorias del tracto superior.Método. Utilizando la metodología de práctica clínica basada en evidencia (PCBE), y según las etapas fundamentales del sistema PICO, se planteó la interrogante: en el lactante menor ¿el uso del biberón para la alimentación comparado con el amamantamiento exclusivo aumenta el riesgo de infecciones en las vías aéreas superiores? Se realizó una búsqueda de artículos en la base de datos en línea PubMed, después de establecer los criterios de inclusión y exclusión y realizar un análisis crítico se seleccionó 5 documentos que dieran respuesta a la pregunta planteada.Resultado. A partir de la búsqueda en la base de datos Pub Med, se obtuvo 969 artículos publicados; tras depurar los resultados iniciales, se logró un total de 25 publicaciones vinculadas a estudios clínicos que abordan la relación entre lactancia materna exclusiva y la incidencia de infecciones respiratorias de vía aérea superior en el lactante menor. Finalmente, se consiguió cinco publicaciones que investigaron el uso del biberón y su posible asociación con infecciones respiratorias. La evaluación de estos estudios evidenció que su calidad es de nivel medio. Las publicaciones concluyen que hay una mayor incidencia de infecciones respiratorias de vía aérea superior en infantes lactantes menores, en los que la lactancia materna no es exclusiva, sino mixta o sustituida por el uso de biberón.Conclusión. Esta revisión breve de literatura muestra que existe evidencia de mediana calidad que apoya la asociación entre el uso de biberón en la alimentación y una mayor incidencia de infecciones respiratorias de vía aérea superior en el lactante menor.
Lactancia prolongada y desarrollo del lenguaje: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Gittens Dixon Katty 
Published: January 2017

Introducción. La lactancia materna es un proceso natural determinante para la supervivencia pero, ¿su prolongación podría perjudicar el desarrollo del lenguaje? El objetivo es determinar la existencia de evidencia científica sobre efectos adversos o perjudiciales de la lactancia materna o natural prolongada en el desarrollo del lenguaje en infantes de dos o más años. Métodos. Se trata de una investigación secundaria en la que se revisa literatura de las siguientes bases de datos: Annual Reviews, Clinical Key, EBSCO, EBSCOHOST, Google Académico, JAMA Network, Ovid y PubMed, hasta obtener 100 artículos. Una vez analizados y aplicados los criterios de inclusión, se seleccionó 19 documentos para dar respuesta a la pregunta PICO. Resultados. Según el diseño de los estudios, nueve de ellos presenta un nivel de evidencia II-2, ya que fueron estudios de cohortes y de estudios de casos y controles; luego, siete estuvieron constituidos por revisiones de literatura, de las cuales cuatro fueron revisiones sistemáticas; dos se califican en nivel III de evidencia pues fueron estudios descriptivos, uno mixto descriptivo y otro cualitativo y, por último, uno estuvo constituido por un ensayo clínico que corresponde al nivel de evidencia I. Conclusiones. La lactancia materna tiene un efecto positivo sobre el desarrollo del lenguaje: existe una relación causal entre duración de la lactancia y el lenguaje receptivo y la inteligencia verbal y no verbal
Oxides, Silicides, and Silicates of Zirconium and Hafnium; Density Functional Theory Study
Authors: Gutowski Maciej , Jaffe John E. , Liu Chun-Li , Stoker Matt , Korkin Anatoli 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIt is known that the chemistries of hafnium and zirconium are more nearly identical than for any other two congeneric elements. Thus, both zirconia and hafnia, with the dielectric constant K > 20, have emerged as potential replacements for silica (K = 3.9) as a gate dielectric. We report an important difference between the zirconia/Si and hafnia/Si interfaces based on density functional theory calculations with the Perdew-Wang 91 exchange-correlation functional on the oxides, silicides, and silicates of Zr and Hf. The zirconia/Si interface has been found to be unstable with respect to formation of silicides whereas the hafnia/Si interface is stable. The difference between the two interfaces results from the fact that HfO2 is more stable than ZrO2 (i.e. has a larger heat of formation from its constituent elements) by more than 53 kJ/mol. The hafnium silicides, on the other hand, are less stable than zirconium silicides by ca. 20 kJ/mol.
Estrutura ocupacional, classes sociais e desigualdade racial no Brasil: uma comparação intrínseca com os EUA
Authors: Neves Jorge Alexandre Barbosa , Xavier Flavia Pereira 
Published: January 2017

As interações entre Capital Humano e Status Socioeconômico da Ocupação com a Raça em Funções de Determinação de Rendimentos do Trabalho no Brasil têm sido reportadas por diferentes pesquisadores. Entretanto, no caso brasileiro, todas as análises têm sido baseadas em estimações de Modelos de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO). De forma a melhor estimar as intera- ções entre Estrutura Ocupacional e Raça em funções de rendimento no Brasil, de forma comparativa com uma análise realizada nos EUA, utilizamos dados da Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios de 1996 (PNAD-1996) para a estimação de Modelos Hierárquicos Lineares de dois Níveis (MHL-2). Nossos resultados indicam a relevância do uso de categorias de classe para o entendi- mento das interações propostas.
La Transaccion de los Alimentos Domesticos. El régimen de familiaridad como forma de coordinación económica
Authors: Schiavoni Gabriela 
Published: January 2017

Este artículo describe las características del régimen de familiaridad, como forma de coordinación económica tomando como ejemplo la comercialización de los alimentos de la pequeña agricultura, en la provincia de Misiones (Arg.). Las transacciones de los alimentos, antes destinados exclusivamente al con- sumo familiar, permiten analizar la transformación de los lazos particulares del mundo doméstico en una capacidad de agencia más general expresada en la puesta en equivalencia monetaria y en la conformación de colectivos.
PERAN AYAH DALAM KEBERHASILAN PROGRAM INISIASI MENYUSUI DINI (IMD) PADA BAYI YANG LAHIR SECARA SECTIO CESARIA
Authors: Retno Sestu , Nursalam Nursalam Nursalam , Santoso Budi Santoso , Rachmat Rachmat Rachmat 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Persalinan secara Sectio Cesaria (SC) merupakan salah satu kendala untuk melakukan Inisiasi Menyusui Dini (IMD). Kesiapan ibu yang baru melahirkan untuk memberikan ASInya pada bayi yang baru dilahirkan memerlukan adanya persiapan karena ibu mengalami perubahan peran. Pencapaian peran ibu bisa berhasil bila ibu menjadi dekat dengan bayinya dan mendapatkan dukungan dari suami. Peran suami dalam pelaksanaan IMD adalah sangat penting. Keterlibatan suami dalam pelaksanaan IMD ini meliputi pemberian dukungan dan interaksi. Suami merupakan orang terdekat bagi ibu menyusui yang diharapkan selalu ada di sisi ibu dan selalu siap memberi bantuan. Jika ibu mendapatkan kepercayaan diri dan mendapat dukungan penuh dari suami, motivasi ibu untuk menyusui akan meningkat.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterlibatan suami mendampingi istri bersalin secara SC dalam pelaksanaan IMD. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian eksplanatif observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional, bertujuan menggumpulkan data responden untuk menjawab issu strategis yang sedang terjadi, yang menyebabkan ibu post SC tidak melaksanakan IMD. Responden sejumlah 282 ibu post SC yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Tempat penelitian ini dilakukan di ruang operasi (OK) kebidanan rumah sakit Tipe B, yaitu RSUD Jombang dan RSUD Sogaten Madiun. Hasil: Hasil pengujian secara bersama terdapat pengaruh dari variabel dukungan suami dan interaksi suami terhadap pelaksanaan IMD. Hasil pengujian secara individu terhadap variabel dukungan suami terdapat pengaruh terhadap pelaksanaan IMD, sedangkan pada variabel interaksi suami tidak terdapat pengaruh terhadap pelaksanaan IMD. Pelaksanaan IMD dipengaruhi oleh dukungan suami sebesar 3,7%. Diskusi: Ibu yang didukung suami lebih termotivasi untuk melaksanakan IMD kepada bayinya.Kata kunci: persalinan sectio cesaria, Inisiasi Menyusui Dini (IMD)
The Effects of Traditional East Java Indonesia Sirep on Cortisol Level, IFN- and IL-10 in Folk Home Elderly Disturbed Sleep Needs
Authors: Haryanto Joni 
Published: January 2017

Background: Sirep, is one of the traditional intervention of people in East Java Indonesia, especially Tengger tribe using spells to meet the needs of human sleep. In context Indonesia, Elderly is human being aged 60 years and older who experience sleep disturbances fulfillment. Furthermore, sirep as immunomodulator effect on levels of cortisol, IFN-gRα and IL-10 is still unknown in nursing perspective.Method: The population of this study were 70 elderly with the number ofrespondents were 43 elderly. They were divided into two groups that are (1) 23 elderly with 6-month sirep intervention (mean age, 69.6 ± 5.2 years) as an experiment group, and (2) 20 elderly as control group (65.8 ± 5.4 years). The need of sleep is implemented to Evaluate the sample of immune modulation, cortisol levels, IFN-gRα and IL-10. The molecular biology of the samples was determined using ELISA analysis. The statistical analysis of the data used Determine ANOVA and t-test.Results: After the 6 -month intervention, there re is significant changes in serum cortisol levels (p = 0.0001) and a different test with a control intervention was also significant (p = 0.00 1 3). Significant changes in serumlevels of IFN-gRα is (p = 0.0003) and a different test with a control intervention is also significant (p = 0.016 4), while the change in the levels of IL-10 in serum is significant (p = 0.0003) and test different intervention with no significant control (p = 0.1143).Conclusion: This study supports the hypothesis that sirepcan improve immune modulator in elderly. However, immune modulator showed a slight improvement in the nursing intervention of sirep group, suggesting that a longer or more frequent sessions of intervention might have an effect..
PENDAMPINGAN IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III MENINGKATKAN PRAKTEK PEMBERIAN ASI DAN STATUS GIZI BALITA 0-4 BULAN
Authors: Yuwono Slamet Riyadi , Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman _ , Sulendri Ni Ketut Sri 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRAKHasil Riskesdas 2010 menunjukkan bahwa Cakupan tertinggi terdapat pada bayi kelompok umur 0 bulan (39,8 %) dan terendah pada bayi dengan kelompok umur 5 bulan (15,3 %). Prevalensi balita stunting (pendek+sangat pendek) di propinsi NTB adalah 43,7% Angka tersebut berada di atas angka nasional (36,5%), dan secara umum masalah balita stunting (pendek+sangat pendek) di provinsi NTB masih cukup tinggi karena memiliki prevalensi di atas 20%. Untuk itu peneliti melakukan penelitian untuk mencari model pendampingan yang tepat,sebaagai salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi masalah status giziDisain penelitiannya adalah rancangan penelitian Eksperimen Sederhana dengan jenispost-test only control group design. Penelitian akan dilaksankan di Madiun-Jawa Timur dan Mataram-NTB, mulai April s/d Oktober 2015.Ada perbedaan yang signifikan praktek pemberian ASI eksklusif dari ibu yang mendapatkan pendampingan dengan metode home visit dengan ibu yang tidak mendapat pendampingan. Bayi dari ibu yang mendapatkan pendampingan mempunyai peluang/kesempatan untuk menyusui ASI saja sebesar 9,333 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan bayi dari ibu yang tidak mendapat pendampingan. Z-score balita dari ibu yang mendapat pendampingan mempunyai nilai sedikit lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang tidak mendapat pendampingan, namun secara statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan status gizi balita 0-3 bulan dari kedua kelompok. Sehubungan dengan hasil tersebut direkomenadasikan untuk menggunakan model pendampingan “home visit pada ibu hamil trimester 3” agar praktek pemberian ASI eksklusif meningkat. Kata Kunci :Pendampingan Ibu Hamil Trimester III, Home Visit,ASI, Status Gizi
Practice-Based Evidence in Community Guide Systematic Reviews
Authors: Vaidya Namita , Thota Anilkrishna B. , Proia Krista K. , Jamieson Sara , Mercer Shawna L. , Elder Randy W. , Yoon Paula , Kaufmann Rachel , Zaza Stephanie 
Published: January 2017

Objectives. To assess the relative contributions and quality of practice-based evidence (PBE) and research-based evidence (RBE) in The Guide to Community Preventive Services (The Community Guide). Methods. We developed operational definitions for PBE and RBE in which the main distinguishing feature was whether allocation of participants to intervention and comparison conditions was under the control of researchers (RBE) or not (PBE). We conceptualized a continuum between RBE and PBE. We then categorized 3656 studies in 202 reviews completed since The Community Guide began in 1996. Results. Fifty-four percent of studies were PBE and 46% RBE. Community-based and policy reviews had more PBE. Health care system and programmatic reviews had more RBE. The majority of both PBE and RBE studies were of high quality according to Community Guide scoring methods. Conclusions. The inclusion of substantial PBE in Community Guide reviews suggests that evidence of adequate rigor to inform practice is being produced. This should increase stakeholders’ confidence that The Community Guide provides recommendations with real-world relevance. Limitations in some PBE studies suggest a need for strengthening practice-relevant designs and external validity reporting standards.
Big Food’s Ambivalence: Seeking Profit and Responsibility for Health
Authors: Tempels Tjidde , Verweij Marcel , Blok Vincent 
Published: January 2017

In this article, we critically reflect on the responsibilities that the food industry has for public health. Although food companies are often significant contributors to public health problems (e.g., obesity, type 2 diabetes), the mere possibility of corporate responsibility for public health seems to be excluded in the academic public health discourse. We argue that the behavior of several food companies reflects a split corporate personality, as they contribute to public health problems and simultaneously engage in activities to prevent them. By understanding responsibility for population health as a shared responsibility, we reassess the moral role of the food industry from a forward-looking perspective on responsibility and ask what food companies can and should do to promote health.
The Effect of Minimum Wages on Adolescent Fertility: A Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Bullinger Lindsey Rose 
Published: January 2017

Objectives. To investigate the effect of minimum wage laws on adolescent birth rates in the United States. Methods. I used a difference-in-differences approach and vital statistics data measured quarterly at the state level from 2003 to 2014. All models included state covariates, state and quarter-year fixed effects, and state-specific quarter-year nonlinear time trends, which provided plausibly causal estimates of the effect of minimum wage on adolescent birth rates. Results. A $1 increase in minimum wage reduces adolescent birth rates by about 2%. The effects are driven by non-Hispanic White and Hispanic adolescents. Conclusions. Nationwide, increasing minimum wages by $1 would likely result in roughly 5000 fewer adolescent births annually.
Divergent Trends in US Maternity and Paternity Leave, 1994–2015
Authors: Zagorsky Jay L. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives. To determine the number and type of US workers taking maternity or paternity leave. Methods. We created a publicly available ecological long-term series for measuring parental leave from 1994 to 2015 by using the Current Population Survey, which interviews about 60 000 randomly selected households monthly. Results. The average month from 1994 to 2015 saw 273 000 women and 13 000 men on maternity or paternity leave. Maternity leave rates per 10 000 births showed no trend over 22 years (mean = 677.6). Paternity figures increased by a factor of 3, but started from a small base (14.7–54.6). We observed no national impact on maternity or paternity leave after implementation of state laws that provided paid leave. About half (51.1%) of employees on maternity or paternity leave during 2015 received paid time off. The typical woman on maternity leave was older, more likely married, more likely non-Hispanic White, and more educated than the typical woman who gave birth. Conclusions. Although the US economy has expanded dramatically since 1994, this improvement does not appear to have translated into more women taking maternity leave.
Corn Residue Use by Livestock in the United States
Authors: Schmer Marty R. , Brown Rachael M. , Jin Virginia L. , Mitchell Robert B. , Redfearn Daren D. 
Published: January 2017

Core Ideas
USDA‐ERS surveyed 2250 producers from 19 states on corn residue grazing and mechanical harvests in 2010.
Approximately 4.06 million ha was grazed by 11.7 million head of livestock.
Approximately 0.81 million ha of corn residue was mechanically harvested in 2010.
Corn residue is a significant resource for integrated crop–livestock systems in the western Corn Belt.
Corn (Zea mays L.) residue grazing or harvest provides a simple and economical practice to integrate crops and livestock, but limited information is available on how widespread corn residue utilization is practiced by US producers. In 2010, the USDA Economic Research Service surveyed producers from 19 states on corn grain and residue management practices. Total corn residue grazed or harvested was 4.87 million ha. Approximately 4.06 million ha was grazed by 11.7 million livestock (primarily cattle) in 2010. The majority of grazed corn residue occurred in Nebraska (1.91 million ha), Iowa (385,000 ha), South Dakota (361,000 ha), and Kansas (344,000 ha). Average grazing days ranged from 10 to 73 d (mean = 40 d). Corn residue harvests predominantly occurred in the central and northern Corn Belt, with an estimated 2.9 Tg of corn residue harvested across the 19 states. This survey highlights the importance of corn residue for US livestock, particularly in the western Corn Belt.
Diversified No‐Till Crop Rotation Reduces Nitrous Oxide Emissions, Increases Soybean Yields, and Promotes Soil Carbon Accrual
Authors: Lehman R. Michael , Osborne Shannon L. , Duke Sara E. 
Published: January 2017

Core Ideas
Diversification of established no‐till, rain‐fed crop rotations was examined.
Mean daily N2O fluxes were 24% lower in 4‐yr vs. 2‐yr rotation.
Both no‐till rotations (2‐yr and 4‐yr) accrued soil C over this time span.
4‐yr rotation accrued soil C earlier and deeper than 2‐yr rotation.
Soybean yields were 22% higher in 4‐yr vs. 2‐yr rotation.
The effect of crop rotational diversity on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been explored in several studies, although rarely have measurements been made on whole rotations consisting of two or more crops. We evaluated the impact of crop rotational diversity on GHG emissions, soil organic carbon (SOC), and crop yields over a 4‐yr period in eastern South Dakota, USA. Under no‐till, rain‐fed conditions, a 2‐yr (corn [Zea mays L.]–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]) rotation and a 4‐yr rotation (corn‐field peas [Pisum sativum L.]–winter wheat [Triticum aestivum L.]–soybean) were established in a randomized, complete block design (each crop present each year) 8 yr prior to the current study. Average daily N2O fluxes were 24% lower (P = 0.0313) for the 4‐yr rotation (2.34 ± 0.56 g N2O‐N ha–1d–1) compared with the 2‐yr rotation (3.06 ± 0.59 g N2O‐N ha–1d–1). Significantly elevated N2O flux peaks were observed in June of every year and every phase of the 2‐yr rotation, but only in one of 4 yr (corn phase) in the 4‐yr rotation. There was no significant difference in average daily CH4 flux between the two rotations. Over this 4‐yr period, SOC increased in the 0‐ to 15‐cm depth interval for the 2‐yr rotation, but increased in both the 0‐ to 15‐ and 15‐ to 30‐cm depth intervals for the 4‐yr rotation. Corn yields (6.75 Mg ha–1) did not differ between the two rotations. However, the yield of soybean in the 4‐yr rotation (2.87 Mg ha–1) was 22% greater (P = 0.0001) than soybean within the 2‐yr rotation (2.35 Mg ha–1). Diversified rotations can decrease N2O emissions, increase or accelerate SOC gains, distribute soil C gains deeper in the soil profile, and boost soybean yield.
Purwarupa Pengoperasian TV Dengan Mendeteksi Isyarat Jari Berbasis Pengolahan Citra Digital
Authors: Wibawa Handreas Okta , Harjoko Agus 
Published: January 2017

Abstrak Perkembangan teknologi komputer dan elektronika yang sangat pesat saat ini membuat manusia mulai mencari solusi lain untuk melakukan kegiatan menjadi lebih mudah dan praktis. Teknologi-teknologi yang berkembang dan dapat dimanfaatkan saat ini sangat memungkinkan manusia untuk memudahkan aktifitas dalam mengoperasikan TV dengan isyarat jari. Dalam penelitian ini, pengolahan citra digital merupakan teknologi yang digunakan untuk mengoperasikan TV dengan memanfaatkan webcam dan komputer sebagai pengolah citra. Input dari penelitian ini berupa citra tangan hasil tangkapan webcam pada komputer. Kemudian citra tangan diolah melalui sistem pengolah citra untuk mendapatkan hasil berupa nilai pada jari tangan. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan angka yang sama dengan jumlah jari tangan yang terdeteksi oleh webcam pada layar monitor. Mikrokontroler berfungsi menerima data serial dari hasil pemrosesan citra tangan dan berfungsi sebagai konversi nilai data serial menjadi instruksi yang dapat mengoperasikan TV. Model warna yang dipakai adalah model HSV. Langkah awal pengujian pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan setting ruangan agar pengambilan citra mendapatkan hasil yang terbaik pada setiap ruangan. Hasil dari pengujian ini didapatkan nilai yang terbaik untuk pengoperasian TV dengan isyarat jari yaitu : untuk nilai intensitas cahaya sebesar 12 lux, nilai jarak terbaik sebesar 70 cm dan background terbaik berupa warna biru. Kata kunci— TV, pengolahan citra, model warna HSV Abstract The development computer technology and electronics very rapidly at this time makes people start looking for other solutions to perform activities easier and more practical. Technologies are developed and can be used at this time it is possible to facilitate the activities human beings to operate TV with finger gesture. In this research, digital image processing of technology can be used to operate TV using webcam and computer as image processing. Input this research is hand image that catched by webcam on computer. Then hand image processed through image processing system to obtain results form value fingers. This value indicates the number equal to number fingers detected by webcam camera on monitor screen. Microcontroller function is receives serial data from results image processing and serves serial data conversion value into instructions can operate TV. Color model used in research is HSV. First step testing this research is setting room in order to capture image for get best results in any room. Results of the research found best value for testing operation TV with finger gesture is : for value light intensity is 12 lux, best distance is 70 cm and best baskground is blue. Keywords— TV, image processing, HSV color model