bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sewage sludge pretreatment by microwave irradiation combined with activated carbon fibre at alkaline pH for anaerobic digestion
Authors: Sun Dedong , Guo Sixiao , Ma Nina , Wang Guowen , Ma Chun , Hao Jun , Xue Mang , Zhang Xinxin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This research focuses on the effects of microwave-assisted activated carbon fibre (ACF) (MW-ACF) treatment on sewage sludge at alkaline pH. The disintegration and biodegradability of sewage sludge were studied. It was found that the MW-ACF process at alkaline pH provided a rapid and efficient process to disrupt the microbial cells in the sludge. The results suggested that when irradiated at 800 W MW for 110 s with a dose of 1.0 g ACF/g solid concentration (SS) at pH 10.5, the MW-ACF pretreatment achieved 55% SS disintegration, 23% greater than the value of MW alone (32%). The concentration of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, supernatant soluble chemical oxygen demand, protein, and polysaccharide increased by 60%, 144%, 145%, 74%, and 77%, respectively. An increase in biogas production by 63.7% was achieved after 20 days of anaerobic digestion (AD), compared to the control. The results indicated that the MW-ACF pretreatment process at alkaline pH provides novel sludge management options in disintegration of sewage sludge for further AD.
Is Hearing Impairment Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis? A Review
Authors: Emamifar Amir , Bjoerndal Kristine , Hansen Inger M.J. 
Published: March 2016

Background:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic, inflammatory disease that affects 1% of the population. The auditory system may be involved during the course of disease; however the association of RA and hearing impairment has not been clearly defined.Objective:The objective of this review is to evaluate published clinical reports related to hearing impairment in patients with RA. Furthermore, we discuss possible pathologies and associated factors as well as new treatment modalities.Method:A thorough literature search was performed using available databases including Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane and ComDisDome to cover all relative reports. The following keywords were used: hearing loss, hearing difficulties, hearing disorders, hearing impairment, sensorineural hearing loss, conductive hearing loss, mixed hearing loss, autoimmune hearing loss, drug ototoxicity, drug-induced hearing loss, hearing test, audiometry, auditory dysfunction and rheumatoid arthritis.Conclusion:Based on our review it can be postulated that patients with RA are at higher risk of hearing impairment compared to healthy subjects in their course of the disease. The hearing impairment in RA seems to be a multifactorial condition; however the mechanisms of injury, as well as the relative risk factors, are not completely clear. This review can aid to clarify this condition and is a guide for further evaluation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review of hearing impairment in RA.
Serial Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injections Slow the Progression of Radiation Maculopathy Following Iodine-125 Plaque Radiotherapy
Authors: Stacey Andrew W. , Demirci Hakan 
Published: March 2016

Background and Objective:
To assess the outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab injection in the management of radiation maculopathy secondary to plaque radiotherapy, and to identify optimal treatment strategies.

Study Design:
A retrospective review of all choroidal melanoma patients at one referral center who were treated with plaque radiotherapy, subsequently developed radiation maculopathy, and received intravitreal bevacizumab.

Results:
A total of 31 patients were identified. The mean visual acuity decreased three Snellen lines in the year leading up to the first bevacizumab injection. After initiating injection therapy, the mean visual acuity remained stable for 9 months. The change in visual acuity of patients who received injections within 90 days of previous injections was significantly better than the visual acuity of those who received injections more than 90 days apart (p=0.0003). Patients who demonstrated late-phase macular leakage on fluorescein angiography at the time of the first bevacizumab injection had better long-term visual acuity outcomes than patients who had no evidence of macular leakage (average of one line improvement of vision vs. ten line loss of vision, p=0.03).

Conclusions:
Intravitreal bevacizumab injection was effective in stabilizing visual acuity in patients with radiation maculopathy. Patients benefited most from injections administered every 90 days or sooner. Fluorescein angiography can help identify patients who will respond favorably to treatment.
Design, synthesis and anti-diabetic activity of some novel xanthone derivatives targeting α-glucosidase
Authors: Bairy Partha Sarathi , Das Aparoop , Nainwal Lalit Mohan , Mohanta Tapan Kumar , Kumawat Mukesh Kumar , Mohapatra Pradyumna Kishore , Parida Pratap 
Published: March 2016

<p>Twenty eight xanthone derivatives were designed and docked into the N-terminal catalytic domain of maltase-glucoamylase (ntMGAM) by considering Miglitol as standard drug. Most of the molecules showed excellent docking scores and docking interaction as compared to the binding cavity of the standard molecule. The five best scoring ligands were synthesized and characterized by a number of analytical and spectroscopic techniques. The molecules were screened for the <em>in vivo</em> antidiabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic animal model in Wistar rats. Compound P4 showed the most prominent inhibition among others. The synthesized compounds reported significant (p&lt; 0.01) effect of lowering glucose levels in the blood compared to miglitol as a standard α-glucosidase inhibitor.</p><p><strong>Video clip</strong></p><p>Induction of diabetes: </p>
Le droit communautaire de la conservation de la nature devant la CJCE (1999-2001) : jurisprudence récente relative aux directives « oiseaux » et « habitats »
Authors: Born Charles-Hubert , Maljean-Dubois Sandrine 
Published: March 2016

La transposition et la mise en œuvre des directives communautaires
oiseaux » de 1979 et « habitats » de 1992 demeurent à la source d'un abondant contentieux juridictionnel dans plusieurs Etats membres. Depuis 1999, dix arrêts sont ainsi venus conforter la jurisprudence de la Cour de justice européenne en droit communautaire de la conservation de la nature. Neuf d'entre eux ont abouti à la condamnation d'Etats membres - en particulier la France, condamnée à six reprises - pour violation ou non-transposition des deux directives. L'essentiel de cette jurisprudence récente concerne la protection des habitats naturels ou d'espèce, seuls deux arrêts traitant de la chasse.
Ces récentes décisions, dans lesquelles la Cour interprète de manière particulièrement stricte les deux directives, témoignent du rôle fondamental de sa jurisprudence dans révolution de la mise en œuvre des deux instruments. De nombreux points de droits essentiels - comme par exemple le choix des critères de désignation des sites protégés ou encore la portée des inventaires scientifiques - y ont été rappelés ou éclaircis.
Response to Intravenous Cyclophosphamide Treatment for Lupus Nephritis Associated with Polymorphisms in theFCGR2B-FCRLALocus
Authors: Kim Kwangwoo , Bang So-Young , Joo Young Bin , Kim Taehyeung , Lee Hye-Soon , Kang Changwon , Bae Sang-Cheol 
Published: March 2016

Objective.Cyclophosphamide (CYC) is an immunosuppressant drug widely used to treat various diseases including lupus nephritis, but its efficacy highly varies from individual to individual. This pharmacogenomics association study searched for genetic variations associated with CYC efficacy.Methods.Genome-wide association scan was performed for 109 Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with lupus nephritis (classes III–V) who received intravenous CYC induction therapy. Genetic differences between responders and nonresponders were examined using Cochran–Armitage trend tests, and genotype imputation was used for defining the association locus.Results.Genetic polymorphisms in the Fcγ receptor gene (FCGR) cluster at human chromosome 1q23, previously associated with lupus nephritis susceptibility, were associated with the response to CYC treatment for lupus nephritis. Significant response association was found for 3 perfectly correlated (r2= 1) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP): rs6697139, rs10917686, and rs10917688, located between theFCGR2BandFCRLAgenes (p = 3.4 × 10−8). Carriage of the minor alleles in these SNP was found only in nonresponders (31%) and none in responders (0%).Conclusion.This first genome-wide association approach for CYC response yielded a robust profile of genetic associations including large-effect SNP in theFCGR2B-FCRLAlocus, which may provide better insights to CYC metabolism and efficacy.
Longterm Clinical Outcomes in 420 Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis Taking Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Drugs in Real-world Settings
Authors: Iannone Florenzo , Lopriore Simona , Bucci Romano , Lopalco Giuseppe , Chialà Angela , Cantarini Luca , Lapadula Giovanni 
Published: March 2016

Objective.An observational study to evaluate the longterm clinical outcomes of adalimumab (ADA), etanercept (ETN), and infliximab (IFX) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), in real-world settings.Methods.From a prospective cohort we studied 420 biologic-naive patients with PsA who had peripheral arthritis and were beginning a treatment with ADA, ETN, or IFX. Drug survival was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier life analysis, and baseline predictors of drug discontinuation were assessed by Cox regression analysis. The frequency of concomitant glucocorticoids and the daily mean dosage were compared by chi-square test and ANOVA repeated measures across 4 years.Results.After 4 years the overall survival of the first anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF) was 51.0%, but significantly higher for ETN (58.9%) than ADA (43.9%) or IFX (44.0%; p = 0.003). Patients taking ETN also had the lowest HR of drug discontinuation (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.34–0.93, p = 0.02). The strongest predictor of drug interruption was female sex (HR 2.02, 95% CI 1.28–3.20, p = 0.002). The disease duration was inversely correlated with drug discontinuation (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.99, p = 0.02). The average daily dose of prednisone significantly decreased from baseline: 5.6 ± 2.5 to 4.7 ± 1.9 at 1 year (p = 0.01) to 4.0 ± 1.8 at 4 years (p = 0.001). Additionally, compared to baseline (49.6%), a significant reduction of patients taking glucocorticoids was detected at 2 years (36.5%, p < 0.05), 3 years (29.9%, p < 0.01), and 4 years (22.6%, p < 0.01).Conclusion.In real-world settings, TNF inhibitors showed a high rate of drug survival at 4 years. Further, the need for glucocorticoids for controlling active PsA was lowered with time.
Assessment of Response to Treatment, Remission, and Minimal Disease Activity in Axial Psoriatic Arthritis Treated with Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors
Authors: Lubrano Ennio , Parsons Wendy J. , Perrotta Fabio Massimo 
Published: March 2016

Objective.To assess the response to treatment, remission, and minimal disease activity (MDA) in a group of patients with predominant axial psoriatic arthritis (axPsA). Predictors of response were also evaluated.Methods.Patients fulfilling the ClASsification of Psoriatic ARthritis (CASPAR) criteria and treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents adalimumab, etanercept, and golimumab were enrolled and prospectively followed every 4 months for 1 year in a clinical practice setting. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) 50 was assessed as a set of response criteria to treatment; Composite Psoriatic Disease Activity Index (CPDAI) < 4, Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) score ≤ 3.3, and partial remission (PR) were also evaluated as remission criteria. Patients were considered in MDA when they met at least 5/7 of the criteria previously defined. Patients achieving BASDAI 50, PR, and MDA were compared to identify outcome predictor factors. Concordance between the outcome measures was also performed.Results.Of the 58 patients treated with anti-TNF, at baseline no patients were in PR or MDA. No patients had a CPDAI < 4 or a DAPSA score ≤ 3.3. After 12 months, BASDAI 50 was achieved in 15/48 patients (31.2%). CPDAI < 4, DAPSA score ≤ 3.3, PR, and MDA were achieved, respectively, in 17/48 (35.4%), 11/48 (22.9%), 11/48 (22.9%), and 24/48 (50%) patients. No difference was found among the 3 anti-TNF. Predictors for MDA were male sex, young age, low disease duration, low Health Assessment Questionnaire score, and absence of enthesitis.Conclusion.This longitudinal observational study, based on a clinical practice setting, showed that remission and MDA are achievable targets in axPsA treated with anti-TNF. Predictors of remission and MDA were also identified.
Une nouvelle source arabe sur l’océan Indien au Xe siècle : le Ṣaḥīḥ min aḫbār al-biḥār wa-‘aǧā‘ibihā d’Abū ‘Imrān Mūsā ibn Rabāḥ al-Awsī al-Sīrāfī
Authors: Ducène Jean-Charles 
Published: March 2016

Si Les merveilles de l’Inde constituaient une source importante sur les relations commerciales dans l’océan Indien au xe siècle, leur auteur restait sujet à discussion. La version qu’al-‘Umarī (xive siècle) a conservée de ces histoires permet de déterminer l’auteur réel de ce recueil et offre en outre un matériel narratif nouveau qui apporte des informations originales sur l’Asie du Sud-Est mais touche peu à l’Afrique de l’Est. Dans ce cas, c’est Zayla‘ qui est concernée, ainsi que peut-être les expéditions austronésiennes.
ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ГИДРОНИМИИ БАЛТИЙСКОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ РОССИИ
Authors: Васильев Валерий Л. 
Published: March 2016

В статье поднят широкий круг вопросов, связанных с отражением гидронимией России древнего присутствия балтов. Вся восточная половина обширного древнебалтийского этноисторического ареала приходилась на регионы Европейской России. Названия рек и озер – главный источник, позволяющий судить об их древнем расселении и некоторых особенностях их диалектного языка. Данная работа содержит обзор истории изучения гидронимии балтийского происхождения на территории России, включая критику отдельных предшествующих работ, и кратко освещает ряд вопросов, среди которых: 1) уточнение юго-восточных, восточных и особенно северо-восточных границ древнебалтийского ареала, 2) соотношение балтийского слоя с финским и иранским языковыми элементами, 3) отношение балтийской гидронимии к археологическим культурам, локализуемым в Европейской России, 4) оценка сравнительной плотности балтизмов по разным русским регионам, 5) оптимизация методики поиска и обоснования гидронимии балтийского происхождения. К статье приложены карты-схемы: 1) северо-восточного фланга ареала балтийской гидронимии, 2) максимального восточнославянского ареала балтийской гидронимии.
Organizational Silence: Its Destroying Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Nafei Wageeh A. 
Published: March 2016

<p>Purpose: The purpose of this research is to identify the types of Organizational Silence (OS) and its effects on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) at Teaching Hospitals in Egypt.</p><p>Design/methodology/approach: To assess OS, refer to (OS questionnaire, Schechtman, 2008; Brinsfield, 2009), and OCB (OCB questionnaire Podsakoff, 1990; Konovsky &amp; Pugh, 1994; and Konovsky &amp; Organ, 1996). Out of the 357 questionnaires that were distributed to employees, 315 usable questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 88%. Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA) was used to confirm the research hypotheses.</p><p>Findings: The research has found that there is significant relationship between OS and OCB. Also, the research has found that OS directly affects OCB. In other words, OS is one of the biggest barriers to OCB at Teaching Hospitals in Egypt.</p><p>Practical implications: This research pointed to the need for organizations to adopt a culture which encourages and urges employees to speak in the labor issues and the non-silence in order for the administration to be able to realize these issues and try to solve them first hand in order to prevent their aggravation.</p><p>Originality/value: Silence climate has an impact on the ability of organizations to detect errors and learn. Therefore, organizational effectiveness is negatively affected. This research aims to measure the effect of OS on OCB. Based on the findings of this research, some important implications are discussed.</p>
Geweld op school als handelingsalternatief?
Authors: Pauwels Lieven 
Published: March 2016

Violence at school as action alternative? A partial test of the perception-choice process in Situational Action Theory
In this replica study in adolescents (N=1,040) we analyse to what extent characteristics of the environment like the presence of provocation and monitoring of teachers are related to choosing a violent response in a school context. The study starts from a key hypothesis of Situational Action Theory (SAT) and uses a randomised scenario study that allows for randomisation of environmental stimuli, while taking into account individuals’ propensity to break rules (as measured by their moral beliefs and emotions and ability to exercise self-control). The results demonstrate that high propensity adolescents are very strongly triggered by scenario criminogeneity (the accumulation of absence of monitoring and presence of provocation), while low propensity individuals are to a higher degree situationally resistant. The findings are in line with one of the key ideas of SAT.
Recorrido de arriba hacia abajo: un plano paralelo al del suelo en la arquitectura de Adalberto Libera
Authors: Blanes Pérez Eduardo 
Published: March 2016

La aparición de una segunda línea, por encima de la del horizonte, en los paisajes románticos del pintor Friedrich, modificará el plano del cuadro. Con este nuevo trazo se acotará el paisaje lejano, se creará un plano intermedio entre el plano del suelo y el del techo, que tanto Libera como Soane, a partir de Friedrich, entendieron como mecanismo activo del proyecto. Esa línea, que en la pintura era una gran arco iris, se transformará, en el campo de la arquitectura, en una gran superficie como plano de techo. La reformulación del plano del techo será constante en las obras de Soane y Libera, buscando un tipo de cúpula rebajada que retará a la gravedad y se convertirá en un mecanismo arquitectónico activador del espacio. Tres serán los elementos que se extraerán como objeto de estudio: suelo, techo y estructura-cerramiento. La relación entre todos ellos, generará diferentes modelos espaciales que llevarán al espacio arquitectónico hacia una nueva conciencia de sus límites.
The appearance of a second line, above the horizon, in the romantic landscape painter Friedrich, modify the picture plane. With this new line will narrow the distant landscape, an intermediat e level between the ground plane and the ceiling, both as Soane and Libera, from Friedrich, that was understood by them as an active mechanism ot the project. That line, that in the painting was a rainbow, will be transformed, in the field of architecture, over a large area as flat roof.
The reformulation of the ceiling plane is constant in the works of Soane and Libera, seeking a type of recessed dome will challenge gravity and become a trigger mechanism of architectural space. Three are the elements that will be taken as an object of study: floor, ceiling and structure-enclosure.
Estimating HIV incidence among key affected populations in China from serial cross‐sectional surveys in 2010–2014
Authors: Cui Yan , Guo Wei , Li Dongmin , Wang Liyan , Shi Cynthia X , Brookmeyer Ron , Detels Roger , Ge Lin , Ding Zhengwei , Wu Zunyou 
Published: March 2016

IntroductionHIV incidence is an important measure for monitoring the development of the epidemic, but it is difficult to ascertain. We combined serial HIV prevalence and mortality data to estimate HIV incidence among key affected populations (KAPs) in China.MethodsSerial cross‐sectional surveys were conducted among KAPs from 2010 to 2014. Trends in HIV prevalence were assessed by the Cochran‐Armitage test, adjusted by risk group. HIV incidence was estimated from a mathematical model that describes the relationship between changes in HIV incidence with HIV prevalence and mortality.ResultsThe crude HIV prevalence for the survey samples remained stable at 1.1 to 1.2% from 2010 to 2014. Among drug users (DUs), HIV prevalence declined from 4.48 to 3.29% (p<0.0001), and among men who have sex with men (MSM), HIV prevalence increased from 5.73 to 7.75% (p<0.0001). Changes in HIV prevalence among female sex workers (FSWs) and male patients of sexually transmitted disease clinics were more modest but remained statistically significant (all p<0.0001). The MSM population had the highest incidence estimates at 0.74% in 2011, 0.59% in 2012, 0.57% in 2013 and 0.53% in 2014. Estimates of the annual incidence for DUs and FSWs were very low and may not be reliable.ConclusionsSerial cross‐sectional prevalence data from representative samples may be another approach to construct approximate estimates of national HIV incidence among key populations. We observed that the MSM population had the highest incidence for HIV among high‐risk groups in China, and we suggest that interventions targeting MSM are urgently needed to curb the growing HIV epidemic.
Medications frequently used for asthma and rhinitis
Authors: Craig Timothy J , Mills Katherine , Steering Committee Asthma , Geisinger Health System Penn State 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Multiple medications are available to treat asthma and other allergic diseases, making it difficult to determine which medications to use. The decision should be based on efficacy, cost, and other advantages and disadvantages. Comparative tables can help for rapid selection and can be used as a tool for enhancing prescribing practices. This article organizes this information into a tabular format, allowing for rapid review.
Complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a brief overview
Authors: Schorr Alan B 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The recent findings of the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) have focused attention on the need to prevent complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Understanding the pathogenesis and physiologic mechanisms that lead to complications in the patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is imperative to prevent their progression and improve treatment. This article discusses the more common complications and their possible etiologies, progression, and contribution to themorbidity of the diabetic population. It also reviews treatment of these complications and recent advances. In addition, some of the less common complications will be identified so that primary care physicians and specialists will be aware and not overlook these in patients who can be treated early and aggressively.
Heteroepitaxy growth of GaAsBi on Ge(100) substrate by gas source molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Wang Peng , Pan Wenwu , Wu Xiaoyan , Cao Chunfang , Wang Shumin , Gong Qian 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We have investigated the growth of GaAsBi single-crystal film on Ge substrate by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. A high-quality GaAsBi epilayer has been obtained. It has been found that the surfactant effect of Bi suppresses the interdiffusion of Ge at the GaAsBi/Ge interface and reduces the misfit dislocation density. The Bi atoms occupy the As sites, as indicated by the appearance of GaBi-like TO(Γ) and LO(Γ) phonon modes in Raman spectra. In addition, the redshift of the GaAs-like LO(Γ) phonon frequency has been observed in the Raman spectra, owing to the Bi-induced biaxial strain and the alloying effect as well.