bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of temperature spikes at a wetting front during spontaneous imbibition
Authors: Aslannejad Hamed , Terzis Alexandros , Hassanizadeh S. Majid , Weigand Bernhard 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIt is reported that temperature rises at wetting front during water infiltration into soil. The temperature goes back to the background value after passage of water front. Different explanations have been provided for source of energy causing temperature spike. Some have contributed it to heat of condensation released due to condensation of vapor on “dry” solid surface. Some other stated that the heat of wetting or heat of adsorption is responsible for the temperature rise. In this research, we revisited this issue. First, we provide a comprehensive review about occurrence of temperature spike at a wetting front. Then, we report about experiments we performed on the rise of water in dry paper. Using infrared and optical imaging techniques, we could monitor temperature changes in time and space. For all samples maximum temperature rise occurred at the wetting front. The magnitude of temperature spike depended on paper material, thickness, and liquid composition. It was larger for cellulose-fiber-based paper than for plastic-based paper. For a given paper type, thicker samples showed a larger temperature spike. Adding salt to the water caused reduction of temperature spike. It was concluded that replacement of air-solid interface with water-solid interface releases energy, which causes temperature rise.
Broadband terahertz-power extracting by using electron cyclotron maser
Authors: Pan Shi , Du Chao-Hai , Qi Xiang-Bo , Liu Pu-Kun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTerahertz applications urgently require high performance and room temperature terahertz sources. The gyrotron based on the principle of electron cyclotron maser is able to generate watt-to-megawatt level terahertz radiation, and becomes an exceptional role in the frontiers of energy, security and biomedicine. However, in normal conditions, a terahertz gyrotron could generate terahertz radiation with high efficiency on a single frequency or with low efficiency in a relatively narrow tuning band. Here a frequency tuning scheme for the terahertz gyrotron utilizing sequentially switching among several whispering-gallery modes is proposed to reach high performance with broadband, coherence and high power simultaneously. Such mode-switching gyrotron has the potential of generating broadband radiation with 100-GHz-level bandwidth. Even wider bandwidth is limited by the frequency-dependent effective electrical length of the cavity. Preliminary investigation applies a pre-bunched circuit to the single-mode wide-band tuning. Then, more broadband sweeping is produced by mode switching in great-range magnetic tuning. The effect of mode competition, as well as critical engineering techniques on frequency tuning is discussed to confirm the feasibility for the case close to reality. This multi-mode-switching scheme could make gyrotron a promising device towards bridging the so-called terahertz gap.
Epigenetic regulation of starvation-induced autophagy in Drosophila by histone methyltransferase G9a
Authors: An Phan Nguyen Thuy , Shimaji Kouhei , Tanaka Ryo , Yoshida Hideki , Kimura Hiroshi , Fukusaki Eiichiro , Yamaguchi Masamitsu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEpigenetics is now emerging as a key regulation in response to various stresses. We herein identified the Drosophila histone methyltransferase G9a (dG9a) as a key factor to acquire tolerance to starvation stress. The depletion of dG9a led to high sensitivity to starvation stress in adult flies, while its overexpression induced starvation stress resistance. The catalytic domain of dG9a was not required for starvation stress resistance. dG9a plays no apparent role in tolerance to other stresses including heat and oxidative stresses. Metabolomic approaches were applied to investigate global changes in the metabolome due to the loss of dG9a during starvation stress. The results obtained indicated that dG9a plays an important role in maintaining energy reservoirs including amino acid, trehalose, glycogen, and triacylglycerol levels during starvation. Further investigations on the underlying mechanisms showed that the depletion of dG9a repressed starvation-induced autophagy by controlling the expression level of Atg8a, a critical gene for the progression of autophagy, in a different manner to that in cancer cells. These results indicate a positive role for dG9a in starvation-induced autophagy.
The type IV pilus assembly ATPase PilB functions as a signaling protein to regulate exopolysaccharide production in Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Black Wesley P. , Wang Lingling , Jing Xing , Saldaña Rafael Castañeda , Li Feng , Scharf Birgit E. , Schubot Florian D. , Yang Zhaomin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMyxococcus xanthus possesses a form of surface motility powered by the retraction of the type IV pilus (T4P). Additionally, exopolysaccharide (EPS), the major constituent of bacterial biofilms, is required for this T4P-mediated motility in M. xanthus as the putative trigger of T4P retraction. The results here demonstrate that the T4P assembly ATPase PilB functions as an intermediary in the EPS regulatory pathway composed of the T4P upstream of the Dif signaling proteins in M. xanthus. A suppressor screen isolated a pilB mutation that restored EPS production to a T4P− mutant. An additional PilB mutant variant, which is deficient in ATP hydrolysis and T4P assembly, supports EPS production without the T4P, indicating PilB can regulate EPS production independently of its function in T4P assembly. Further analysis confirms that PilB functions downstream of the T4P filament but upstream of the Dif proteins. In vitro studies suggest that the nucleotide-free form of PilB assumes the active signaling conformation in EPS regulation. Since M. xanthus PilB possesses conserved motifs with high affinity for c-di-GMP binding, the findings here suggest that c-di-GMP can regulate both motility and biofilm formation through a single effector in this surface-motile bacterium.
High-Performance Screen-Printed Thermoelectric Films on Fabrics
Authors: Shin Sunmi , Kumar Rajan , Roh Jong Wook , Ko Dong-Su , Kim Hyun-Sik , Kim Sang Il , Yin Lu , Schlossberg Sarah M. , Cui Shuang , You Jung-Min , Kwon Soonshin , Zheng Jianlin , Wang Joseph , Chen Renkun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPrinting techniques could offer a scalable approach to fabricate thermoelectric (TE) devices on flexible substrates for power generation used in wearable devices and personalized thermo-regulation. However, typical printing processes need a large concentration of binder additives, which often render a detrimental effect on electrical transport of the printed TE layers. Here, we report scalable screen-printing of TE layers on flexible fiber glass fabrics, by rationally optimizing the printing inks consisting of TE particles (p-type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 or n-type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3), binders, and organic solvents. We identified a suitable binder additive, methyl cellulose, which offers suitable viscosity for printability at a very small concentration (0.45–0.60 wt.%), thus minimizing its negative impact on electrical transport. Following printing, the binders were subsequently burnt off via sintering and hot pressing. We found that the nanoscale defects left behind after the binder burnt off became effective phonon scattering centers, leading to low lattice thermal conductivity in the printed n-type material. With the high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity, the screen-printed TE layers showed high room-temperature ZT values of 0.65 and 0.81 for p-type and n-type, respectively.
D4F alleviates macrophage-derived foam cell apoptosis by inhibiting the NF-κB-dependent Fas/FasL pathway
Authors: Tian Hua , Yao Shu-tong , Yang Na-na , Ren Jie , Jiao Peng , Zhang Xiangjian , Li Dong-xuan , Zhang Gong-an , Xia Zhen-fang , Qin Shu-cun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study was designed to explore the protective effect of D4F, an apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptide, on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent Fas/Fas ligand (FasL) pathway-mediated apoptosis in macrophages induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Our results showed that ox-LDL induced apoptosis, NF-κB P65 nuclear translocation and the upregulation of Fas/FasL pathway-related proteins, including Fas, FasL, Fas-associated death domain proteins (FADD), caspase-8 and caspase-3 in RAW264.7 macrophages, whereas silencing of Fas blocked ox-LDL-induced macrophage apoptosis. Furthermore, silencing of P65 attenuated macrophage apoptosis and the upregulation of Fas caused by ox-LDL, whereas P65 expression was not significantly affected by treatment with Fas siRNA. D4F attenuated the reduction of cell viability and the increase in lactate dehydrogenase leakage and apoptosis. Additionally, D4F inhibited ox-LDL-induced P65 nuclear translocation and upregulation of Fas/FasL pathway-related proteins in RAW264.7 cells and in atherosclerotic lesions of apoE−/−mice. However, Jo2, a Fas-activating monoclonal antibody, reversed the inhibitory effect of D4F on ox-LDL-induced cell apoptosis and upregulation of Fas, FasL and FADD. These data indicate that NF-κB mediates Fas/FasL pathway activation and apoptosis in macrophages induced by ox-LDL and that D4F protects macrophages from ox-LDL-induced apoptosis by suppressing the activation of NF-κB and the Fas/FasL pathway.
Ab Initio Approach to Second-order Resonant Raman Scattering Including Exciton-Phonon Interaction
Authors: Gillet Yannick , Kontur Stefan , Giantomassi Matteo , Draxl Claudia , Gonze Xavier 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRaman spectra obtained by the inelastic scattering of light by crystalline solids contain contributions from first-order vibrational processes (e.g. the emission or absorption of one phonon, a quantum of vibration) as well as higher-order processes with at least two phonons being involved. At second order, coupling with the entire phonon spectrum induces a response that may strongly depend on the excitation energy, and reflects complex processes more difficult to interpret. In particular, excitons (i.e. bound electron-hole pairs) may enhance the absorption and emission of light, and couple strongly with phonons in resonance conditions. We design and implement a first-principles methodology to compute second-order Raman scattering, incorporating dielectric responses and phonon eigenstates obtained from density-functional theory and many-body theory. We demonstrate our approach for the case of silicon, relating frequency-dependent relative Raman intensities, that are in excellent agreement with experiment, to different vibrations and regions of the Brillouin zone. We show that exciton-phonon coupling, computed from first principles, indeed strongly affects the spectrum in resonance conditions. The ability to analyze second-order Raman spectra thus provides direct insight into this interaction.
Quantum Transport Through Tunable Molecular Diodes
Authors: Obodo Joshua Tobechukwu , Murat Altynbek , Schwingenschlögl Udo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEmploying self-interaction corrected density functional theory combined with the non-equilibrium Green’s function method, we study the quantum transport through molecules with different numbers of phenyl (donor) and pyrimidinyl (acceptor) rings in order to evaluate the effects of the molecular composition on the transport properties. Excellent agreement with the results of recent experiments addressing the rectification behavior of molecular junctions is obtained, which demonstrates the potential of quantum transport simulations for designing high performance junctions by tuning the molecular specifications.
Robust circadian clock oscillation and osmotic rhythms in inner medulla reflecting cortico-medullary osmotic gradient rhythm in rodent kidney
Authors: Hara Masayuki , Minami Yoichi , Ohashi Munehiro , Tsuchiya Yoshiki , Kusaba Tetsuro , Tamagaki Keiichi , Koike Nobuya , Umemura Yasuhiro , Inokawa Hitoshi , Yagita Kazuhiro 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCircadian clocks in mammals function in most organs and tissues throughout the body. Various renal functions such as the glomerular filtration and excretion of electrolytes exhibit circadian rhythms. Although it has been reported that the expression of the clock genes composing molecular oscillators show apparent daily rhythms in rodent kidneys, functional variations of regional clocks are not yet fully understood. In this study, using macroscopic bioluminescence imaging method of the PER2::Luciferase knock-in mouse kidney, we reveal that strong and robust circadian clock oscillation is observed in the medulla. In addition, the osmotic pressure in the inner medulla shows apparent daily fluctuation, but not in the cortex. Quantitative-PCR analysis of the genes contributing to the generation of high osmotic pressure or the water re-absorption in the inner medulla, such as vasopressin receptors (V1aR,V2R), urea transporter (UT-A2) and water channel (Aqp2) show diurnal variations as well as clock genes. Deficiency of an essential clock geneBmal1impairs day-night variations of osmotic pressure gradient in the inner medulla, suggesting that circadian clocks in the medulla part of the kidney may regulate the circadian rhythm of cortico-medullary osmotic pressure gradient, and may contribute physiological day-night rhythm of urination.
Calcium depletion destabilises kinetochore fibres by the removal of CENP-F from the kinetochore
Authors: Phengchat Rinyaporn , Takata Hideaki , Uchiyama Susumu , Fukui Kiichi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe attachment of spindle fibres to the kinetochore is an important process that ensures successful completion of the cell division. The Ca2+ concentration increases during the mitotic phase and contributes microtubule stability. However, its role in the spindle organisation in mitotic cells remains controversial. Here, we investigated the role of Ca2+ on kinetochore fibres in living cells. We found that depletion of Ca2+ during mitosis reduced kinetochore fibre stability. Reduction of kinetochore fibre stability was not due to direct inhibition of microtubule polymerisation by Ca2+-depletion but due to elimination of one dynamic component of kinetochore, CENP-F from the kinetochore. This compromised the attachment of kinetochore fibres to the kinetochore which possibly causes mitotic defects induced by the depletion of Ca2+.
A metastable phase of shocked bulk single crystal copper: an atomistic simulation study
Authors: Neogi Anupam , Mitra Nilanjan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStructural phase transformation in bulk single crystal Cu in different orientation under shock loading of different intensities has been investigated in this article. Atomistic simulations, such as, classical molecular dynamics using embedded atom method (EAM) interatomic potential and ab-initio based molecular dynamics simulations, have been carried out to demonstrate FCC-to-BCT phase transformation under shock loading of 〈100〉 oriented bulk single crystal copper. Simulated x-ray diffraction patterns have been utilized to confirm the structural phase transformation before shock-induced melting in Cu(100).
Targeting primary acute myeloid leukemia with a new CXCR4 antagonist IgG1 antibody (PF-06747143)
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Saavedra Erika , Tang Ruoping , Gu Yin , Lappin Patrick , Trajkovic Dusko , Liu Shu-Hui , Smeal Tod , Fantin Valeria , De Botton Stephane , Legrand Ollivier , Delhommeau Francois , Pernasetti Flavia , Louache Fawzia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe chemokine receptor CXCR4 mediates cell anchorage in the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment and is overexpressed in 25–30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we have shown that a new CXCR4 receptor antagonist IgG1 antibody (PF-06747143) binds strongly to AML cell lines and to AML primary cells inhibiting their chemotaxis in response to CXCL12. PF-06747143 also induced cytotoxicity in AML cells via Fc-effector function. To characterize the effects of PF-06747143 on leukemia progression, we used two different patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models: Patient 17CXCR4-low and P15CXCR4-high models, characterized by relatively low and high CXCR4 expression, respectively. Weekly administration of PF-06747143 to leukemic mice significantly reduced leukemia development in both models. Secondary transplantation of BM cells from PF-06747143-treated or IgG1 control-treated animals showed that leukemic progenitors were also targeted by PF-06747143. Administration of a single dose of PF-06747143 to PDX models induced rapid malignant cell mobilization into the peripheral blood (PB). These findings support evaluation of this antibody in AML therapy, with particular appeal to patients resistant to chemotherapy and to unfit patients, unable to tolerate intensive chemotherapy.
Survival of opening versus closing wedge high tibial osteotomy: A meta-analysis
Authors: Kim Jun-Ho , Kim Hyun-Jung , Lee Dae-Hee 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis meta-analysis was designed to compare the longevity of the survivorship of opening versus closing wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO). All studies reporting survival rates in patients who underwent open or closed wedge HTO with more than 5-year follow-up duration were included in the meta-analysis. Survival time was considered as time to conversion to TKA. Twenty three studies were included in meta-analysis, 20 of which were of level IV evidence. The pooled 5-year survival rates were 95.1% (95% CI: 93.1 to 97.1%) in open wedge HTO and 93.9% (95% CI: 93.1 to 94.6%) in closed wedge HTO. Although there was 1.2% greater survival rate in open wedge HTO than in closed wedge HTO, this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.419). Pooled 10-year survival rates were 91.6% (95% CI: 88.5 to 94.8%) in open wedge HTO and 85.4% (95% CI: 84.0 to 86.7%) in closed wedge HTO, indicating that open wedge HTO had 6.2% greater survival rate 10 years after surgery than did closed wedge HTO (P = 0.002). No difference in 5-year survivorship was found between open- and closed-wedge HTO. However, the survival rate was higher in open-wedge HTOs than in closed wedge HTO at 10 years.
Role of serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (Cyfra 21.1) as a prognostic biomarker in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer
Authors: Giovanella L. , Imperiali M. , Trimboli P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDifferentiated thyroid cancers (DTC) account for up to 85% of thyroid cancers and generally display an excellent prognosis. However, in a minority of cases, DTC progress toward less differentiated phenotypes leading to distant metastases and even disease-related deaths. Circulating biomarkers are warranted to complement the gold standard DTC marker thyroglobulin (Tg) in identifying and monitoring such cases. We measured serum Tg and Cyfra 21.1 6 to 12 months after primary treatment in 473 DTC patients. A complete response of Tg was related to an excellent outcome in all cases. Among patients with incomplete Tg response Cyfra 21.1 levels <2.07 ng/mL were associated to favorable outcome while higher levels greatly increased the risk of disease related recurrences and deaths. Both markers retained independent prognostic values in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, Cyfra 21.1 is a tool available to independently predict survival of DTC patients not achieving excellent response after primary treatment.
The pseudogene derived from long non-coding RNA DUXAP10 promotes colorectal cancer cell growth through epigenetically silencing of p21 and PTEN
Authors: Lian Yifan , Xu Yetao , Xiao Chuanxing , Xia Rui , Gong Huangbo , Yang Peng , Chen Tao , Wu Dongdong , Cai Zeling , Zhang Jianping , Wang Keming 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecently, substantial evidence has demonstrated that pseudogene derived lncRNAs are crucial regulators of cancer development and progression. DUXAP10,a pseudogene derived long non-coding RNA(lncRNA), is overexpression in colorectal cancer (CRC), but its expression pattern, biological function and underlying mechanism in CRC is still undetermined. In this study, we observed that DUXAP10 was up-regulated in CRC tissues which was positively correlated with advanced pathological stages, larger tumor sizes and lymph node metastasis. Additionally, knockdown of DUXAP10 inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis and increase the number of G0/G1 cells significantly in the HCT116 and SW480 cell lines. Moreover, DUXAP10 silencing inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Further mechanism study showed that, by binding to histone demethylase lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1), DUXAP10 promote CRC cell growth and reduced cell apoptosis through silencing the expression of p21 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor. Our findings suggested that the pseudogene-derived from lncRNA DUXAP10 promotes the biological progression of CRC and is likely to be a potential therapeutic target for CRC intervention.
Prevention of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Smith Eric 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCerebral small vessel disease can cause either ischemic stroke or intracerebral hemorrhage. Accounting for up to 25% of all strokes, it is also the second biggest contributor to the risk of dementia, and is the most common incidentally discovered finding on brain imaging. There are two main causes of cerebral small vessel disease: arteriolosclerotic small vessel disease (with hypertension as the main modifiable risk factor) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (predominantly caused by β-amyloid deposits limited to the cerebral small arteries, arterioles, and capillaries). Prevention should include the treatment of hypertension and diabetes, if present, and the modification of lifestyle factors such as obesity and poor nutrition. Patients with small subcortical ischemic strokes should be treated with antithrombotics; dual antiplatelet therapy may be more effective than aspirin for the first 3 weeks following acute stroke, but is not more effective than aspirin for long-term prevention. Unresolved questions include the effectiveness of nonaspirin prevention strategies to prevent early recurrence or stroke extension in small subcortical ischemic stroke, and whether symptomatic or silent small vessel disease should influence decisions regarding selection for carotid revascularization or anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation. There is an unmet need for disease-modifying preventive therapies for cerebral amyloid angiopathy, the second most-common cause of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.
Blood Pressure and Prevention of Stroke
Authors: Dakay Katarina , Silver Brian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStroke is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and hypertension is the most common modifiable risk factor for stroke. The treatment of hypertension reduces the primary occurrence of stroke as well as the risk of stroke recurrence. Although there are conflicting data regarding the optimal blood pressure for stroke prevention, an individualized approach taking into account the patient's age, comorbidities, and side effects of medication is a helpful strategy. Current guidelines support the pursuit of a systolic blood pressure under 140 mm Hg for both primary and secondary stroke prevention, though recent data suggest a more intensive goal may be of benefit in select patients. Certain classes of antihypertensives may be more beneficial in stroke prevention than others. Trials are underway to further study the optimal blood pressure target for stroke prevention in specific populations as well as the potential benefits of intensive blood pressure reduction beyond the current guidelines.