bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic comparison of molecular characteristics in different skin fibroblast senescent models
Authors: Fang Xiaokai , Zhang Shan , Wu Mingyang , Luo Yang , Chen Xingyu , Zhou Yuan , Zhang Yu , Liu Xiaochun , Yao Xu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Senescent human skin primary fibroblast (FB) models have been established for studying aging-related, proliferative, and inflammatory skin diseases. The aim of this study was to compare the transcriptome characteristics of human primary dermal FBs from children and the elderly with four senescence models.

Methods:
Human skin primary FBs were obtained from healthy children (FB-C) and elderly donors (FB-E). Senescence models were generated by ultraviolet B irradiation (FB-UVB), D-galactose stimulation (FB-D-gal), atazanavir treatment (FB-ATV), and replication exhaustion induction (FB-P30). Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence staining, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, co-culturing with immune cells, and bulk RNA sequencing were used for systematic comparisons of the models.

Results:
In comparison with FB-C, FB-E showed elevated expression of senescence-related genes related to the skin barrier and extracellular matrix, proinflammatory factors, chemokines, oxidative stress, and complement factors. In comparison with FB-E, FB-UVB and FB-ATV showed higher levels of senescence and expression of the genes related to the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and their shaped immune microenvironment highly facilitated the activation of downstream immune cells, including T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells. FB-P30 was most similar to FB-E in terms of general transcriptome features, such as FB migration and proliferation, and aging-related characteristics. FB-D-gal showed the lowest expression levels of senescence-related genes. In comparisons with the single-cell RNA sequencing results, FB-E showed almost complete simulation of the transcriptional spectrum of FBs in elderly patients with atopic dermatitis, followed by FB-P30 and FB-UVB. FB-E and FB-P30 showed higher similarity with the FBs in keloids.

Conclusions:
Each senescent FB model exhibited different characteristics. In addition to showing upregulated expression of natural senescence features, FB-UVB and FB-ATV showed high expression levels of senescence-related genes, including those involved in the SASP, and FB-P30 showed the greatest similarity with FB-E. However, D-galactose-stimulated FBs did not clearly present aging characteristics.
Gender and Sex-Based Differences in Hypertension Risk Factors Among Non-Hispanic Asian Adults in the United States
Authors: Tanglai Wirampa , Jeamjitvibool Thanakrit , Chen Pei , Lockwood Mark B. , Cajita Mia 
Published: September 2024

Introduction
The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) is rising at an accelerated rate, and it remains the primary factor contributing to cardiovascular illnesses. Sex can serve as an influencing factor, leading to variations in the factors affecting HTN.

Objective
This study aimed to investigate gender and sex differences in the prevalence of HTN and explore the associations between HTN and 4 categories of risk factors: demographics, habits or lifestyle, body measurement, and laboratory blood results among non-Hispanic Asians in the United States.

Methods
This secondary analysis included non-Hispanic Asian adults aged 18 years or older from the 2017 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

Results
Among the 815 participants, 35% of men (140 of 399) and 37% (154 of 416) of women had HTN (P = .610). The mean age for men is 46.03 ± 16.9 years, whereas the mean age for women is 49.24 ± 16.8 years. After regression analysis, advancing age, increased body mass index, and increased serum uric acid were significant predictors of HTN in both sexes. However, men developed HTN earlier compared with women. Marital status and increased fasting glucose were only significant in men. Compared with their never-married counterparts, men who were currently married or living with a partner had lower odds of having HTN (odds ratio, 0.28; P = .034).

Conclusions
There was no significant difference in the prevalence of HTN between the sexes. Age, body mass index, and serum uric acid were significant risk factors in both men and women. Meanwhile, marital status and fasting glucose were only significant in men.
A meta-analysis of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block on the quality of recovery after cancer surgery
Authors: Dong Yuhui , Zuo Youbo 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Pain is a prevalent symptom among patients with cancer, significantly impacting their health and quality of life. Stellate ganglion block (SGB) has been employed as a diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic intervention for various pain syndromes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the effects of ultrasound-guided SGB on postoperative recovery quality and other functional indicators following cancer surgery.

Methods:
Data were sourced from PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, SportDiscus, and Scopus. Inclusion criteria followed the population-intervention-comparison-outcome principle. The evaluation process involved meticulous screening, judicious data extraction, and rigorous assessment of trial methodology quality, conducted independently by 2 researchers. Standardized mean differences with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were pooled using either a random-effects or fixed-effects model.

Results:
Ultrasound-guided SGB exhibited potential for improving postoperative pain scores after cancer surgery (RR, 7.81 [95% confidence interval (CI), 5.43–10.19]), reducing daily consumption of oxycodone (RR, 0.78 [95% CI, −1.37 to 2.93]) and pregabalin (RR, −22.26 [95% CI, −91.37 to 46.85]), enhancing physical health (RR, −2.50 [95% CI, −11.00 to 6.00]) and mental health (RR, −5.10 [95% CI, −13.45 to 3.25]), and influencing mean arterial pressure (RR, −10.60 [95% CI, −17.92 to −3.27]), mean pulmonary artery pressure (RR, −1.02 [95% CI, −2.83 to 0.79]), heart rate (RR, −11.18 [95% CI, −17.91 to −4.46]), and central venous pressure (RR, −0.05 [95% CI, −1.53 to 1.43]) as effective treatment modalities.

Conclusion:
This systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that ultrasound-guided SGB therapy is effective in reducing pain levels and improving mobility and quality of life compared to conventional treatments. Therefore, clinicians should consider administering SGBs to patients with chronic cancer pain, emphasizing sensory exercise to achieve a balance between movement and rest.
Sjögren’s syndrome complicated with hypothyroidism and osteomalacia: A case report
Authors: Chen Runtian , Fang Lihua , Fang Xiaokang , Ning Jie 
Published: September 2024

Rationale:
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a prevalent autoimmune disorder targeting exocrine glands, causing symptoms such as dry eyes and mouth. It often goes underdiagnosed due to its varied presentations, emphasizing the importance of early and accurate diagnosis.

Patient concerns:
A 22-year-old female presented with atypical symptoms of hypokalemic paralysis and severe bone pain, which are not commonly associated with SS.

Diagnoses:
Extensive diagnostic workup, including serological tests, ophthalmological assessments, and a lip biopsy, confirmed the diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis as a complication of SS.

Interventions:
The patient was treated with an intensive inpatient regimen designed to stabilize her potassium levels and alleviate her symptoms.

Outcomes:
The comprehensive therapeutic intervention was successful, with the patient’s symptoms being alleviated within 2 weeks.

Lessons:
This case underscores the importance of being aware of SS in younger demographics and the necessity for a prompt and multifaceted treatment approach to manage systemic effects and improve quality of life.
The impact of high-intensity interval training on women’s health: A bibliometric and visualization analysis
Authors: Li Youyou , Fang Jingqian 
Published: September 2024

Background:
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can significantly improve health indicators such as cardiopulmonary function, metabolic efficiency, and muscle strength in a short period. However, due to significant physiological and metabolic differences between males and females, the effects of HIIT vary between genders. Therefore, exploring the specific impacts of HIIT on women’s health is crucial. Although there is a considerable amount of individual research on the impact of HIIT on women’s health, a systematic bibliometric analysis is still lacking.

Methods:
Publications related to HIIT in women’s health were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database, and tools like Microsoft Office Excel 2021, VOSviewer, and Citespace were used to create visualized tables and views.

Results:
The study included 808 publications distributed across 1234 institutions in 61 countries, authored by 3789 researchers. The United States, Australia, and Canada lead in this domain. Researchers like Astorino TA and Gibala MJ are notably influential in this field. The research has been prominently published in specific academic journals and widely cited by high-impact journals. Highly cited and bursting documents primarily discuss the effects of HIIT on metabolic adaptation, muscle adaptation, cardiovascular health, insulin sensitivity, and exercise performance. Frequent keywords include “aerobic exercise,” “sprint interval training,” “resistance training,” “obesity,” “body composition,” “aging,” and “insulin resistance.” Keyword burst analysis reveals that early studies focused primarily on basic concepts and training models, which then expanded to specific physiological responses, applications in particular populations, and impacts on specific diseases.

Conclusion:
This field has emerged as a research hotspot with international characteristics and extensive academic productivity. Journals and cited journals hold high academic influence, with highly cited and bursty references laying a solid theoretical and practical foundation for the field. In the rapid development of the past decade, research hotspots and frontier directions such as metabolic adaptation, muscle adaptation, cardiovascular health, exercise performance, and personalized training plans have been formed.
Two complicated cases of severe scrub typhus, eschar- a non-negligible sign: Case reports and literature review
Authors: Cai De-Han , Fang Xiao-Lin 
Published: September 2024

Rationale:
Scrub typhus is a mite-borne, acute febrile disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. The endemic areas of scrub typhus are expanding, both globally and in China. Patients who are not treated promptly, are likely to die of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Patient concerns:
Case I A 61-year-old female patient complained of sudden chest tightness and shortness of breath accompanied by fever for 6 days. Case II A 54-year-old male patient complained of fever and cough for 4 days and renal insufficiency for 2 days.

Diagnoses:
Scrub typhus, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Interventions:
After the definite diagnosis, both patients were treated with doxycycline and various organ supports.

Outcomes:
The patient in case I was ultimately not salvageable. The patient in case II was successfully cured by the prompt administration of doxycycline along with continuous renal replacement therapy.

Lessons:
With early diagnosis and treatment, patients can completely recover. Eschar, a characteristic sign of scrub typhus, is often overlooked, leading to delayed diagnosis and regrettable outcomes.
Effect of “He Tiao Du Ren An Shen Acupuncture” on restless leg syndrome: A randomized trial
Authors: Guan Xin-Rui , Chen Ying-Hua , Li Jun-Feng , Su Xiao-Qing , Sun Wei 
Published: September 2024

Background:
This study aimed to observe the clinical effects of “He Tiao Du Ren An Shen Acupuncture” (HTDRAS Acupuncture) for treating restless leg syndrome (RLS).

Methods:
We randomly divided 66 RLS patients into 2 groups: the observation group received “He Tiao Du Ren An Shen Acupuncture” and the control group received conventional acupuncture. All participants were treated once a day, 6 days a week, with 1 day off, for a total of 1 month. Clinical effectiveness of the 2 groups was compared, neurotransmitter levels, the International Restless Leg Syndrome Scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale were assessed in both groups.

Results:
The curative effect in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P < .05). After treatment, the expression of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the observation group was higher than in the control group (P < .05). The International Restless Leg Syndrome Scale and Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores in observation group were lower than those in control group (P < .05).

Conclusion:
“He Tiao Du Ren An Shen Acupuncture” for RLS is significantly effective and safe. It can effectively improve the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine in RLS patients, alleviate clinical symptoms and reduce anxiety. This treatment has a high clinical application value and is worthy of clinical promotion.
Application of placing the anterior end of endotracheal tube at the glottis in laryngeal mask airway positive ventilation during general anesthesia: A prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Chen Zheng , Ma Xiao-Dong , Mao Zu-Min , Chen Lei , Chen Yuan-Feng , Shao Dong-Hua 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Glottic contraction and closure causes ventilation obstruction and laryngeal mask airway (LMA) leakage during positive pressure ventilation using LMA. This study aimed to assess the effect of placing the anterior end of the endotracheal tube (ET) at the glottis through the LMA ventilation conduit on treating LMA leakage following glottic contraction and closure.

Methods:
In this prospective, randomized, controlled trial, patients with non-minor surgery using LMA ventilation were randomly allocated to the i-gel group (group L) and the i-gel combined with ET group (group LE). The tip of ET was placed 2 cm under glottis guided by fiberoptic bronchoscope through i-gel ventilation conduit in group LE. The perioperative incidence of i-gel leakage, the changes of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) following artificial airway insertion, and adverse events were recorded.

Results:
Perioperative i-gel leakage was observed in 7 of 48 patients (14.6%) in group L and 1 of 49 patients (2.0%) in group LE. There was significant difference in the incidence of leakage between the 2 groups (P = .031). SBP and HR after ET insertion in group LE increased significantly compared to those in group L (P < .05/5). The values of both SBP and HR after ET insertion did not exceed the basic values in group LE (P > .05/4). There were no significant differences in the incidence and severity of postoperative sore pain and hoarseness, cough during i-gel and ET removal between the 2 groups (P > .05).

Conclusion:
Placing the anterior end of ET at the glottis reduced LMA air leakage related to glottic contraction and closure in non-minor surgery. The ET placing had low stress response and did not significantly increase postoperative complications.
Facilitators and Barriers of Implementing Expanded Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening in California Family Planning Clinics
Authors: Ehlers Ellen , Kovaleski Laura , Devaskar Sangita , Kennedy Sara , Plotzker Rosalyn E. 
Published: September 2024

Background
Reportable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have increased in California, with dramatic rises in prenatal and congenital syphilis. In response, in 2018 Planned Parenthood Northern California implemented 2 opt-out screening protocols: (1) HIV, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis co-screening for pregnant patients at pregnancy diagnosis and (2) linking HIV and syphilis screening for all patients.

Methods
Using qualitative analyses, we explored implementation barriers and facilitators that can be addressed by clinical leadership and staff to expand uptake of enhanced screening protocols. Sixteen staff were interviewed across 3 Planned Parenthood Northern California clinics. Primary thematic analysis followed by secondary subanalysis identified themes. Analyses of questions were only included for each interviewee if answered and applicable.

Results
Five themes of commentary emerged, featuring both facilitators and barriers for protocol implementation: patient education/communication, staff education/communication, workflow; patient willingness, and (for protocol 1 only) visit complexity at the time of pregnancy diagnosis. Additional findings included the following: 93% (13 of 14) stated protocols increased syphilis screening and identification; 100% (12 of 12) reported positive impacts on patient care; 42% (5 of 12) noted increases in staff workload, 25% (3 of 12) reported workload improvements over time, and 33% (4 of 12) reported no workload-related impacts; and 86% (13 of 15) reported decreased screening during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusion
Addressing patient and staff education during the beginning stages of implementation may have positive impacts on willingness to adopt new protocols. Consideration of workflow and visit complexity at pregnancy diagnosis may also aid in successful implementation of expanded STI screening protocols in family planning clinics.
Effect of Adding Diaphragmatic Myofascial Release to Corrective Exercise on the Thoracic Curvature Angle and Pulmonary Function Testing in Hyperkyphotic Adolescent Girls
Authors: Elabd Omar M. , Elsamahy Sara A. , Abdelmutilibe Sahar M. , Mohammed Amira H. , Ali Faten , Elabd Aliaa M. 
Published: September 2024

Objective
The aim of the study was to investigate whether adding diaphragmatic release to corrective exercise could improve the Cobb angle and pulmonary function more than corrective exercise alone in hyperkyphotic adolescent girls.

Design
This is a single-blinded, randomized, controlled trial.

Methods
One hundred eighteen adolescent hyperkyphotic girls were allocated randomly into two equal groups. Control group received only corrective exercise, while study group received diaphragmatic release in addition to corrective exercise. Primary outcome was Cobb angle, assessed by lateral radiographs. Secondary outcomes were pulmonary function testing, assessed by computerized spirometery. Outcomes were assessed before and after treatment, after 3 mos of interventions, in both groups.

Results
Two-way analysis of variance revealed that both Cobb angle and pulmonary function testing significantly improved after treatment in both groups (P < 0.001). Time*group interaction revealed that the study group had a superior improvement in Cobb angle and pulmonary function testing compared to the control group (P < 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively).

Conclusions
Adding diaphragmatic release to 3 mos of multimodal corrective exercise program showed superior improvements in Cobb angle and pulmonary function testing than corrective exercise alone in hyperkyphotic adolescent girls within a shorter timeframe compared to previous studies. These results strengthen the hypothesis of its potential as a beneficial addition to the treatment of thoracic hyperkyphosis.

To Claim CME Credits
Complete the self-assessment activity and evaluation online at http://www.physiatry.org/JournalCME

CME Objectives
Upon completion of this article, the reader should be able to: (1) Recognize poor habits that play a significant role in developing hyperkyphosis in adolescents; (2) Construct the link between diaphragm malfunction and adolescent hyperkyphosis and its associated disorders of the cervical and thoracic spine and pulmonary function testing; (3) Carry out diaphragmatic myofascial release and corrective exercise for the spine; (4) Design a multimodal program to improve the Cobb angle and pulmonary function testing in hyperkyphotic adolescents; and (5) Measure the improvement of the Cobb angle and pulmonary function testing after treatment in hyperkyphotic adolescents.

Level
Advanced

Accreditation
The Association of Academic Physiatrists is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
The Association of Academic Physiatrists designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1.0 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)™. Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Psychosocial Issues Related to Speech and Hearing in Patients With Clefts
Authors: Osorio Camila , Persson Martin 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Individuals with cleft lip and palate often face persistent challenges related to speech and hearing disorders, impacting various aspects of their lives. These challenges can lead to additional mental health issues such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and depression, as well as heightened psychosocial challenges, including appearance-related issues, bullying, workplace discrimination, and impaired social interactions. Children and adolescents with these disorders commonly experience loneliness, peer rejection, and challenges in forming friendships, particularly during adolescence, while voice disorders can diminish the quality of life in older individuals.

Case description:
This case study focuses on a 17-year-old male with unilateral cleft lip and palate undergoing treatment in Medellin, Colombia, aiming to provide insights into the intricate psychosocial challenges linked to speech and hearing difficulties in individuals with cleft conditions.

Discussion and Evaluation:
Clinical evaluations identified significant challenges concerning speech difficulties and self-perception, influenced by the patient’s cleft condition, which impacts his self-esteem, confidence, and social skills development. The interconnectedness between speech and hearing challenges underscores the necessity for comprehensive care to address the multifaceted psychosocial aspects experienced by individuals with cleft conditions.

Conclusions:
This case study used as an example, indicates that speech difficulties and psychosocial challenges related to cleft conditions are experienced from childhood and may persist into adulthood. These challenges can have profound effects on various aspects of life, including school, social interactions, family dynamics, and even romantic relationships. Consequently, the lack of confidence, social isolation, and limited social skills may delay patients from reaching their fullest potential.