bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Increased Body Mass Index on Complication Rates during Laryngotracheal Surgery Utilizing Jet Ventilation
Authors: Barry Rachel A. , Fink Daniel S. , Pourciau Dusty Cole , Hayley Kasey , Lanius Rachael , Hayley Schuylor , Sims Eddy , McWhorter Andrew J. 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveJet ventilation has been used for >30 years as an anesthetic modality for laryngotracheal surgery. Concerns exist over increased risk with elevated body mass index (BMI). We reviewed our experience using jet ventilation for laryngotracheal stenosis to assess for complication rates with substratification by BMI.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsA total of 126 procedures with jet ventilation were identified from October 2006 to December 2014. Complications were recorded, including intubation, unplanned admission, readmission, dysphonia, oral trauma, pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum, and tracheostomy. Lowest intraoperative oxygen saturation and maximum end‐tidal CO2 (ETCO2) levels were recorded.ResultsAmong 126 patients, 43, 77, and 6 had BMIs of <25, 25‐35, and 36‐45, respectively. In the BMI <25 group, there was 1 unplanned intubation. Mean maximum ETCO2 was 36.51 with no hypoxemia observed. In the BMI 25‐35 group, 2 patients required intubation, and 1 sustained minor oral trauma. The mean maximum ETCO2 was 38.85, with 4 patients having oxygen saturation <90%. In the BMI 36‐45 group, 2 patients required intubation. The mean maximum ETCO2 was 41 with no hypoxemia observed. BMI and length of stenosis were statistically significant variables associated with incidence of intraoperative intubation.ConclusionIncreased BMI was associated with an increase in highest ETCO2 intraoperatively. However, this was not associated with an increase in major complications. Jet ventilation was performed without significant adverse events in this sample, and it is a viable option if used with an experienced team in the management of laryngotracheal stenosis.
Expression of Oligodendrocyte Marker during Peripheral‐Central Transitional Zone Formation of the Postnatal Mouse Cochlear Nerve
Authors: Bojrab Dennis , Zhang Baofu , Jiang Hui , Zhang Lei , Cohen David S. , Luo Xuemei , Hu Zhengqing 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo better understand oligodendrocyte protein expression along the mouse cochlear nerve in postnatal mice.Study DesignIn vivo murine study.SettingResearch laboratory.Subjects and MethodsSwiss Webster mice used at multiple postnatal days (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 14, 30, and 60). There were 5 replicates at each postnatal day. Cryosection was done to produce sections that included the cochlear nucleus, cochlear nerve, and cochlea in a single sample. Differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy and immunofluorescence with antibodies specific to the oligodendrocyte protein Olig2 were used to study the cochlear nerve of Swiss Webster mice at postnatal days.ResultsThe myelination of central nervous system projections initiates in close proximity to the peripheral nervous system–central nervous system transitional zone (PCTZ), and oligodendrocytes in neonatal mice are seen with immunohistochemistry peripheral to the DIC‐PCTZ interface.ConclusionsAs the PCTZ migrates from the brain to the cochlea, oligodendrocytes are a part of peripheral extension of central nervous system tissue along the cochlear nerve. Expression of oligodendrocyte marker Oligo2 was observed peripherally to the formation of PCTZ, as determined by DIC microscopy.
Multimodality Management of “Borderline Resectable” Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Ambe Chenwi M. , Nguyen Phuong , Centeno Barbara A. , Choi Junsung , Strosberg Jonathan , Kvols Larry , Hodul Pamela , Hoffe Sarah , Malafa Mokenge P. 
Published: September 2017

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) constitute approximately 3% of pancreatic neoplasms. Like patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), some of these patients present with “borderline resectable disease.” For these patients, an optimal treatment approach is lacking. We report our institution’s experience with borderline resectable PanNETs using multimodality treatment. Methods: We identified patients with borderline resectable PanNETs who had received neoadjuvant therapy at our institution between 2000 and 2013. The definition of borderline resectability was based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network criteria for PDAC. Neoadjuvant regimen, radiographic response, pathologic response, surgical margins, nodal retrieval, number of positive nodes, and recurrence were documented. Statistics were descriptive. Results: Of 112 patients who underwent surgical resection for PanNETs during the study period, 23 received neoadjuvant therapy, 6 of whom met all inclusion criteria and had borderline resectable disease. These 6 patients received at least 1 cycle of temozolomide and capecitabine, with 3 also receiving radiation. All had radiographic evidence of treatment response. Four (67%) had negative-margin resections. Four patients had histologic evidence of a moderate response. Follow-up (3.0-4.3 years) indicated that all patients were alive, with 5/6 free of disease (1 patient with metastatic disease still on treatment without progression). Conclusions: A multimodality treatment strategy (neoadjuvant temozolomide and capecitabine ± radiation) can be successfully applied to patients with PanNETs who meet NCCN borderline resectable criteria for PDAC. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the use of a multimodality protocol in the treatment of patients with borderline resectable PanNETs.
Animal-Type Melanoma: A Rare Type of Malignant Melanoma with an Indolent Clinical Behaviour
Authors: Sabah Muna , Leader Mary , Fahy Mary , Kay Elaine 
Published: September 2017

Animal-type melanoma is an exceedingly rare histological variant of melanoma in humans. The name was coined to reflect similar histological features to melanomas in grey horses. We present a case of animal-type melanoma. The neoplastic cells were heavily pigmented with an epithelioid morphology, round nuclei and prominent eosinophilic nucleoli. Only occasional mitotic figures were identified. The tumour cells had diffuse and nodular growth patterns with involvement of the dermis and the subcutaneous tissue. The patient had a “benign cellular blue naevus” excised 9 years earlier from the same site. Review of the previous case revealed heavily pigmented epithelioid cells with similar morphology to the current case. Nuclear pleomorphism was minimal and only a single mitotic figure was present. The lesion extended to the margins of excision. The diagnosis of animal-type melanoma was made on the current case and on the previously misdiagnosed case. Recurrence of this case nine years following incomplete excision further supports the hypothesis that animal-type melanoma is a distinct histological type of malignant melanoma with an indolent clinical course.
The acromiohumeral centre edge angle: A new radiographic measurement and its association with rotator cuff pathology
Authors: Singleton Neal , Agius Lewis , Andrews Stephen 
Published: September 2017

Background: Various radiographic measurements that describe humeral head coverage by the acromion and the effect on rotator cuff pathology have been reported. This study aimed to describe and validate a new radiographic measurement, the acromiohumeral centre edge angle (ACEA). Methods: We compared the ACEA on computed tomography (CT) and plain X-ray to determine whether X-ray is accurate for measuring this angle. We then compared the results from this control population with 107 patients with acute rotator cuff tears. We compared functional outcomes in rotator cuff tear patients to determine whether the ACEA has any effect on outcome after surgery. An intra- and inter-observer variability analysis was performed and we compared the ACEA to the acromial index (AI) on rotation X-rays. Results: The ACEA was comparable on CT and plain X-ray and was most accurate when true anteroposterior glenohumeral X-rays were used (15.94° vs. 15.87° on CT, p = 0.476). The ACEA showed high intra- and inter-observer reproducibility and was unchanged on internal and external rotation X-rays (20.48 vs. 20.47, p = 0.842), whereas the AI was significantly different (0.74 vs. 0.70, p < 0.001). The ACEA was significantly higher in our rotator cuff tear patients than the control population (23.9° vs. 16.6°, p < 0.001), although a higher ACEA was not associated with poorer outcomes. Conclusion: The ACEA is a valid measurement for describing humeral head coverage by the acromion and can be accurately measured on plain radiographs with good reproducibility. It is unaffected by shoulder rotation and was significantly higher in patients with acute rotator cuff tears.
Return to Play Following Shoulder Stabilization: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ialenti Marc N. , Mulvihill Jeffrey D. , Feinstein Max , Zhang Alan L. , Feeley Brian T. 
Published: September 2017

Background: Anterior shoulder instability can be a disabling condition for the young athlete; however, the best surgical treatment remains controversial. Traditionally, anterior shoulder instability was treated with open stabilization. More recently, arthroscopic repair of the Bankart injury with suture anchor fixation has become an accepted technique. Hypothesis: No systematic reviews have compared the rate of return to play following arthroscopic Bankart repair with suture anchor fixation with the Bristow-Latarjet procedure and open stabilization. We hypothesized that the rate of return to play will be similar regardless of surgical technique. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis focused on return to play following shoulder stabilization. Inclusion criteria included studies in English that reported on rate of return to play and clinical outcomes following primary arthroscopic Bankart repair with suture anchors, the Latarjet procedure, or open stabilization. Statistical analyses included Student t tests and analyses of variance. Results: Sixteen papers reporting on 1036 patients were included. A total of 545 patients underwent arthroscopic Bankart repair with suture anchors, 353 with the Latarjet procedure, and 138 with open repair. No significant difference was found in patient demographic data among the studies. Patients returned to sport at the same level of play (preinjury level) more consistently following arthroscopic Bankart repair (71%) or the Latarjet procedure (73%) than open stabilization (66%) ( P < .05). Return to play at any level and postoperative Rowe scores were not significantly different among studies. Recurrent dislocation was significantly less following the Latarjet procedure (3.5%) than after arthroscopic Bankart repair (6.6%) or open stabilization (6.7%) ( P < .05). Conclusion: This systematic review demonstrates a greater rate of return to play at the preinjury level following arthroscopic Bankart repair and the Latarjet procedure than open stabilization. Despite this difference, >65% of all treated athletes returned to sport at their preinjury levels, with other outcome measures being similar among the treatment groups. Therefore, arthroscopic Bankart repair, the Latarjet procedure, and open stabilization remain good surgical options in the treatment of the athlete with anterior shoulder instability.
Survival in individuals with severe alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (PiZZ) in comparison to a general population with known smoking habits
Authors: Tanash Hanan A. , Ekström Magnus , Rönmark Eva , Lindberg Anne , Piitulainen Eeva 
Published: September 2017

Knowledge about the natural history of severe alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency (PiZZ) is limited. Our aim was to compare the survival of PiZZ individuals with randomly selected controls from the Swedish general population.The PiZZ subjects (n=1585) were selected from the Swedish National AATD Register. The controls (n=5999) were randomly selected from the Swedish population register. Smoking habits were known for all subjects.Median follow-up times for the PiZZ subjects (731 never-smokers) and controls (3179 never-smokers) were 12 and 17 years, respectively (p<0.001). During follow-up, 473 PiZZ subjects (30%), and 747 controls (12%) died. The PiZZ subjects had a significantly shorter survival time than the controls, p<0.001. After adjustment for gender, age, smoking habits and presence of respiratory symptoms, the risk of death was still significantly higher for the PiZZ individuals than for the controls, hazard ratio (HR) 3.2 (95% CI 2.8–3.6; p<0.001). By contrast, the risk of death was not increased in never-smoking PiZZ individuals identified by screening, compared to never-smoking controls, HR 1.2 (95% CI 0.6–2.2).The never-smoking PiZZ individuals identified by screening had a similar life expectancy to the never-smokers in the Swedish general population. Early diagnosis of AAT deficiency is of utmost importance.
Interplay between cigarette smoking and pulmonary reverse lipid transport
Authors: Jubinville Éric , Talbot Maude , Bérubé Jean-Christophe , Hamel-Auger Mélanie , Maranda-Robitaille Michaël , Beaulieu Marie-Josée , Aubin Sophie , Paré Marie-Ève , Kallend David G. , Arsenault Benoit , Bossé Yohan , Morissette Mathieu C. 
Published: September 2017

Reverse lipid transport is critical to maintain homeostasis. Smoking causes lipid accumulation in macrophages, therefore suggesting suboptimal reverse lipid transport mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the interplay between smoking and reverse lipid transport and the consequences on smoking-induced lung and peripheral alterations.To investigate the relationship between smoking and reverse lipid transport, we used a clinical lung gene expression dataset and a mouse model of cigarette smoke exposure. We also used ApoA-1−/−mice, with reduced reverse lipid transport capacity, and a recombinant ApoA-1 Milano/phospholipid complex (MDCO-216) to boost reverse lipid transport. Cellular and functional analyses were performed on the lungs and impact on body composition was also assessed.Smoking affects pulmonary expression ofabca1,abcg1,apoeandscarb1in both mice and humans, key genes involved in reverse lipid transport. In mice, the capacity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum to stimulate cholesterol efflux in macrophages was increased after a single exposure to cigarette smoke. ApoA-1−/−mice showed increased lung neutrophilia, larger macrophages and greater loss in lean mass in response to smoking, whereas treatment with MDCO-216 reduced the size of macrophages and increased the lean mass of mice exposed to cigarette smoke.Altogether, this study shows a functional interaction between smoking and reverse lipid transport, and opens new avenues for better understanding the link between metabolic and pulmonary diseases related to smoking.
RESPITE: switching to riociguat in pulmonary arterial hypertension patients with inadequate response to phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors
Authors: Hoeper Marius M. , Simonneau Gérald , Corris Paul A. , Ghofrani Hossein-Ardeschir , Klinger James R. , Langleben David , Naeije Robert , Jansa Pavel , Rosenkranz Stephan , Scelsi Laura , Grünig Ekkehard , Vizza Carmine Dario , Chang MiKyung , Colorado Pablo , Meier Christian , Busse Dennis , Benza Raymond L. 
Published: September 2017

A proportion of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients do not reach treatment goals with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i). RESPITE investigated the safety, feasibility and benefit of switching from PDE5i to riociguat in these patients.RESPITE was a 24-week, open-label, multicentre, uncontrolled study. Patients in World Health Organization (WHO) functional class (FC) III, with 6-min walking distance (6MWD) 165–440 m, cardiac index <3.0 L·min−1·m−2and pulmonary vascular resistance >400 dyn·s·cm−5underwent a 1–3 day PDE5i treatment-free period before receiving riociguat adjusted up to 2.5 mg maximumt.i.d. Exploratory end-points included change in 6MWD, WHO FC,N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and safety.Of 61 patients enrolled, 51 (84%) completed RESPITE. 50 (82%) were receiving concomitant endothelin receptor antagonists. At week 24, mean±sd6MWD had increased by 31±63 m, NT-proBNP decreased by 347±1235 pg·mL−1and WHO FC improved in 28 patients (54%). 32 patients (52%) experienced study drug-related adverse events and 10 (16%) experienced serious adverse events (2 (3%) study drug-related, none during the PDE5i treatment-free period). Six patients (10%) experienced clinical worsening, including death in two (not study drug-related).In conclusion, selected patients with PAH may benefit from switching from PDE5i to riociguat, but this strategy needs to be further studied.
Photosensitized Luminescence of Highly Thermostable Mononuclear Eu(III) Complexes with π-Expanded β-Diketonate Ligands
Authors: Koizuka Toru , Yamamoto Masanori , Kitagawa Yuichi , Nakanishi Takayuki , Fushimi Koji , Hasegawa Yasuchika 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Thermostable mononuclear Eu(III) complexes with a π-expanded system, [Eu(btfa)3(DPEPO)] and [Eu(ntfa)3(DPEPO)] (DPEPO: bis[2-(diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether oxide, btfa: benzoyltrifluoroacetonate, ntfa: 3-(2-naphthoyl)-1,1,1-trifluoroacetonate), are reported. Decomposition temperature (dp) of [Eu(btfa)3(DPEPO)] and that of [Eu(ntfa)3(DPEPO)] are estimated to be 320 °C and 318 °C, respectively. These values are higher than that of the previous [Eu(hfa)3(DPEPO)] (hfa: hexafluoroacetylacetonate, dp = 228 °C). The photosensitized emission quantum yield Φπ–π* and photosensitized energy transfer efficiency ηsens of [Eu(ntfa)3(DPEPO)] (Φπ–π* = 45%, ηsens = 77%) are larger than those of [Eu(btfa)3(DPEPO)] (Φπ–π* = 38%, ηsens = 55%). The thermostable Eu(III) complex with a π-expanded system is expected to be useful for fabrication of LED devices.
Synthesis and Properties of Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene- and Benzene-Fused Bis(thiaporphyrin)s
Authors: Uno Hidemitsu , Tagawa Kazunari , Mori Shigeki , Okujima Tetsuo , Takase Masayoshi , Nakae Takahiro 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In this study, a benzene-fused bis(thiaporphyrin) was synthesized by the retro-Diels–Alder reaction of a bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene (BCOD)-fused bis(thiaporphyrin) precursor. This precursor was prepared by the double [3+1] porphyrin synthesis of the BCOD-fused dipyrrole with thiatripyrrane. The ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrum of benzene-fused bis(thiaporphyrin) in dichloromethane was extremely different from that of the corresponding benzene-fused bis(porphyrin). In contrast, extremely similar spectra were obtained in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid. The similar electronic structures in the protonated states were supported by X-ray analysis and time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations.
Efficient Dynamic Barter Exchange
Authors: Anderson Ross , Ashlagi Itai , Gamarnik David , Kanoria Yash 
Published: September 2017

We study dynamic matching policies in a stochastic marketplace for barter, with agents arriving over time. Each agent is endowed with an item and is interested in an item possessed by another agent homogeneously with probability p, independently for all pairs of agents. Three settings are considered with respect to the types of allowed exchanges: (a) only two-way cycles, in which two agents swap items, (b) two-way or three-way cycles, (c) (unbounded) chains initiated by an agent who provides an item but expects nothing in return. We consider the average waiting time as a measure of efficiency and find that the cost outweighs the benefit from waiting to thicken the market. In particular, in each of the above settings, a policy that conducts exchanges in a greedy fashion is near optimal. Further, for small p, we find that allowing three-way cycles greatly reduces the waiting time over just two-way cycles, and conducting exchanges through a chain further reduces the waiting time significantly. Thus, a centralized planner can achieve the smallest waiting times by using a greedy policy, and by facilitating three-way cycles and chains, if possible. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1644 .
ASSESSMENT OF CAREER SELECTION PROBLEMS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: A MCDM APPROACH
Authors: Ali Yousaf , Iftikhar Naveed , Edwin Cedric Aimal 
Published: September 2017

Career selection is one of the most vital and challenging decisions in the life of Career selection is one of the most vital and challenging decisions in the life of an individual. In many cases, the individual is not solely responsible for their career choice. In order to address this problem and provide remedial measures, a sample of engineering students was taken from different institutions in Pakistan. Based on the student’s current and previous academic performance and interest in their projects, a weighted index was constructed with empirical evidence. This index reflects the overall comprehensiveness of the career decision. The study revealed that 57.4% of the students are enrolled because of self-interest, while the remaining have other reasons. Furthermore, it was found that a significant number of students experience poor outcomes because of bad decisions in relation to how they choose their career. Data analysis suggests that the majority of the students who choose their career due to the influence of others show poor performance on the index rating. The reason for the career choice of the students indicates a highly significant ((p-value = 0.003) association. A gamma test is used to determine the direction of the association. The results also indicate a negative trend when there is a shift of career choice from one due to self-interest to one based on the outlook of the career. This research takes into account all of the important factors in career choice, and is particularly useful for guidance counselors of high schools and colleges as it provides a framework for career choice decisions for students. Finally, the researchers propose a decision making criteria and a numerical model for guiding counselors and students. https://doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v9.i2.488
Facebook and political participation: Going beyond over-optimistic predictions
Authors: Casteltrione Isidoropaolo 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In the last decade there has been a proliferation of academic studies examining the links between social networking websites (SNSs) and citizens’ political participation. Focusing on Facebook and on the specific contexts of Italy and the United Kingdom, this article adds to this strand of research and explores the limitations of this SNS as a political platform. The findings indicate three possible factors limiting the contributions of Facebook to political participation, namely, the non-universality of Facebook, its questionable credibility as a political information source and the enduring relevance of the offline dimension of political participation. In the light of these results, the article goes on to argue that the mobilizing force of Facebook rests, at least in part, on its connection with the offline world. Moreover, the research evidence underpinning this article suggests that the most effective way in which Facebook can aid political participation is, perhaps, by bridging the online–offline divide, integrating and supporting other media and offline activities.