bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-temperature conventional superconductivity
Authors: Eremets M I , Drozdov A P 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Conventional superconductors are described well by the Bardeen – Cooper – Schrieffer (BCS) theory (1957) and its related theories, all of which importantly put no explicit limit on transition temperature T
c. While this allows, in principle, room-temperature superconductivity, no such phenomenon has been observed. Since the discovery of superconductivity in 1911, the measured critical temperature of BCS superconductors has not until recently exceeded 39 K. In 2014, hydrogen sulfide under high pressure was experimentally found to exhibit superconductivity at T
c = 200 K, a record high value which greatly exceeds that of the previous class of high-temperature superconductors, the cuprates. The superconductivity mechanism in cuprates has not yet been explained. Over a period of 25 years, the critical temperature of cuprates has not been increased above 164 K. The paper reviews research on record-high T
c superconductivity in hydrogen sulphide and other hydrides. Prospects for increasing T
c to room temperature are also discussed.
A STUDY ON THE EXCITATION AND RESONANT ABSORPTION OF CORONAL LOOP KINK OSCILLATIONS
Authors: Yu Dae Jung , Van Doorsselaere Tom 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
We study theoretically the issue of externally driven excitations of standing kink waves and their resonant absorption into torsionally polarized m = 1 waves in the coronal loops in pressureless plasmas. We use the ideal MHD equations, for which we develop an invariant imbedding method available in cylindrical geometry. We assume a sinusoidal density profile at the loop boundary where the density inside the loop is lower than the outside and vice versa. We present field distributions for these two cases and find that they have similar behaviors. We compare the results for the overdense loops, which describe the usual coronal loops, with the analytical solutions of Soler et al. obtained using the Frobenius method. Our results show some similarity for thin nonuniform layers but deviate a lot for thick nonuniform layers. For the first case, which describes the wave train propagation in funnels, we find that resonant absorption depends crucially on the thickness of the nonuniform boundary, loop length, and density contrast. The resonant absorption of the kink mode is dominant when the loop length is sufficiently larger compared with its radius (thin loop). The behavior of the far-field pattern of the scattered wave by the coronal loop is closely related to that of the resonant absorption. For the mode conversion phenomena in inhomogeneous plasmas, a certain universal behavior of the resonant absorption is found for the first time. We expect that the main feature may also apply to the overdense loops and discuss its relation to the damping rate.
Barriers to Linkage to Care for Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A Qualitative Analysis in Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Giles-Vernick Tamara , Hejoaka Fabienne , Sanou Armande , Shimakawa Yusuke , Bamba Issiaka , Traoré Abdoulaye 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a critical global health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently developed a global elimination strategy for HBV infection. Increasing access to screening, liver assessment, and antiviral treatment are crucial steps in achieving this goal. Little is known, however, about obstacles to linkage to care in low- and middle-income countries. Using a grounded theory approach, this qualitative study sought to characterize the diagnostic itineraries of people with chronic HBV infection in Burkina Faso, a west African country with high HBV prevalence, to identify barriers to linkage from screening to specialist care with hepatic assessment (alanine transaminase and hepatitis B e antigen or HBV DNA). We conducted 80 semistructured interviews with chronically infected people, their families, medical personnel, and traditional practitioners, and participant observation of HBV diagnostic announcements and consultations. Of 30 individuals diagnosed with chronic viral hepatitis, 18 inadvertently discovered their status through blood screening and 12 actively sought diagnosis for their symptoms. Only a quarter (8/30) were linked to care. Barriers included: 1) patients' ability to pay for testing and treatment; 2) a formal health system lacking trained personnel, diagnostic infrastructures, and other resources; 3) patients' familial and social networks that discouraged access to testing and HBV knowledge; 4) a well-developed demand for and provisioning of traditional medicine for hepatitis; and 5) a weak global politics around HBV. More training for medical personnel would improve linkage to care in sub-Saharan Africa. Developing effective communications between medical workers and patients should be a major priority in this elimination strategy.
The Decadal Climate Prediction Project (DCPP) contribution to CMIP6
Authors: Boer George J. , Smith Douglas M. , Cassou Christophe , Doblas-Reyes Francisco , Danabasoglu Gokhan , Kirtman Ben , Kushnir Yochanan , Kimoto Masahide , Meehl Gerald A. , Msadek Rym , Mueller Wolfgang A. , Taylor Karl E. , Zwiers Francis , Rixen Michel , Ruprich-Robert Yohan , Eade Rosie 
Published: October 2016

Abstract. The Decadal Climate Prediction Project (DCPP) is a coordinated multi-model investigation into decadal climate prediction, predictability, and variability. The DCPP makes use of past experience in simulating and predicting decadal variability and forced climate change gained from the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and elsewhere. It builds on recent improvements in models, in the reanalysis of climate data, in methods of initialization and ensemble generation, and in data treatment and analysis to propose an extended comprehensive decadal prediction investigation as a contribution to CMIP6 (Eyring et al., 2016) and to the WCRP Grand Challenge on Near Term Climate Prediction (Kushnir et al., 2016). The DCPP consists of three components. Component A comprises the production and analysis of an extensive archive of retrospective forecasts to be used to assess and understand historical decadal prediction skill, as a basis for improvements in all aspects of end-to-end decadal prediction, and as a basis for forecasting on annual to decadal timescales. Component B undertakes ongoing production, analysis and dissemination of experimental quasi-real-time multi-model forecasts as a basis for potential operational forecast production. Component C involves the organization and coordination of case studies of particular climate shifts and variations, both natural and naturally forced (e.g. the “hiatus”, volcanoes), including the study of the mechanisms that determine these behaviours. Groups are invited to participate in as many or as few of the components of the DCPP, each of which are separately prioritized, as are of interest to them.The Decadal Climate Prediction Project addresses a range of scientific issues involving the ability of the climate system to be predicted on annual to decadal timescales, the skill that is currently and potentially available, the mechanisms involved in long timescale variability, and the production of forecasts of benefit to both science and society.
Mark Twain's “The War Prayer” in Film and Social Media
Authors: Eastman Susan Lyn 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThrough the lens of the Global War on Terror Mark Twain reemerges as an ideal American antiwar icon, and although his most scathing indictment of war fervor, “The War Prayer” (1905), was published posthumously, the text now bolsters the antiwar movement as seen on the Internet, in social media, and in independent films that demonstrate effective political appropriation of Twain's work. These include Markos Kounalakis's animated short (2006), the Lyceum Films adaptation (2007), and the Blasko Films production (2003). While there is a clear historical context for “The War Prayer,” as Jim Zwick explained, there is a lack of historical specificity within the text that readily permits adaptation to other moments of fervid, religious patriotism in the name of war. More than mere dramatization, the article emphasizes aesthetic choices and Judith Yaross Lee's visual vernacular, particularly in Kounalakis's animation. The appropriation of Twain's cultural authority in these films has cemented his “legacy of dissent.”
Who Wears the Pants? Sexual Masquerade and Sexual Meaning in “An Awful Terrible … Medieval Romance”
Authors: Davis John H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article presents an examination of Mark Twain as feminist, or at least as a man (re)considering gender roles, through “An Awful … Terrible Medieval Romance” (1870). More than a hoax, the story discusses gender roles, as well as touching on women's treatment by men, sexuality, bisexuality, homosexuality, and—most obviously—cross-dressing. The work further touches on a relationship that appears incestuous as the author delves into areas then undefined but now designated by the grammatical term “gender.” With a deliberately complicated plot, to convey the dilemma facing women in a male-dominated society, Clemens exposes hypocrisy and unfairness women confront. The absurdity behind and the confusion of sexual roles in his story underscore the bizarre situation, assumed if unacknowledged, which male attitudes have created and maintained that men expect women to accept. The incompleteness and deliberate nonending of “A Medieval Romance” symbolize the woman's unfinished, unfulfilling situation and her continuing status with no resolution in sight.
Humbug History: The Politics of Puffery in Tom Sawyer's Conspiracy
Authors: Beringer Alex 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article reveals how Mark Twain's unfinished novel Tom Sawyer's Conspiracy offers a searing critique of how late nineteenth-century American politics were dangerously intertwined with the logic of popular entertainment. Critics have generally counted this fragment among pieces like Tom Sawyer, Detective or “Huck and Tom among the Indians” as generic example of one of Twain's “boy stories,” more interested in nostalgia than satire. But a case can be made that Tom Sawyer's Conspiracy as much belongs with works like Puddn'head Wilson and The Mysterious Stranger as part of a broader assessment of turn-of-the century modernity that Twain developed through his later years.
“And Then Think ofMe!”:Huckleberry Finnand Cognitive Dissonance
Authors: Bird John 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has often been read as a psychological novel, but the role of the concept of cognitive dissonance has not been fully explored. This articles explores the novel in terms of cognitive dissonance, showing how it drives the characters, especially Huck Finn. Huck's relationship with Jim is a series of encounters with cognitive dissonance, culminating in the novel's climax in Chapter 31. Cognitive dissonance can also explain the reactions of readers and critics, as well as explain society's attitudes in Twain's time and in ours.
Mark Twain and the Minister
Authors: Courtney Steve 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The long-awaited edition of Samuel L. Clemens's correspondence with his closest friend—the Rev. Joseph Hopkins Twichell of Hartford—is due out in Spring 2017 from the University of Georgia Press, under the editorship of Harold K. Bush, Peter Messent, and Steve Courtney. The volume—The Letters of Mark Twain and Joseph Hopkins Twichell—is due in part to the extraordinary generosity of Robert H. Hirst and the Bancroft Library at the University of California for making available, and preparing for first publication in print, the post-1880 Clemens side of the correspondence. In May, Steve Courtney gave a version of the following to the Luncheon Club, a group of donors to the Mark Twain Papers and Project in Berkeley.
Behind the Scenes: The Fall 2015 Penn State Art Education Colloquium
Authors: Carpenter B. Stephen 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article describes the purpose and structure of A ED 590: Colloquium, a graduate course offered in Fall 2015 at Penn State designed to provide graduate students and faculty with a forum to critically consider the 1965 Seminar in Art Education for Research and Curriculum Development. As a collaborative effort among the graduate faculty in the Art Education program, the design and instruction of the course ran in contrast to more typical practices by a single instructor. Through the spectrum of research agendas and interests enacted by the Art Education faculty, graduate students, and guest scholars, the weekly course sessions served as spaces in which participants shifted from disengaged spectators to engaged participants. Through this shared and engaged approach, all participants assumed ownership of how they read and responded to the 1965 seminar. The article opens with an overview of the purpose and context for the course. The overview includes the weekly course sessions and the final course assignment. Next, the article describes the focus and preparation of one of the weekly class sessions through an e-mail exchange between the course instructor and a guest scholar. The article concludes with speculation about the current historical moment in which the course is situated within the field of art education, and possibilities for what may emerge in the field in the next 50 years.
Re-Forming and Performing David Ecker’s Awkward Insight
Authors: Sperry-Garcia Christen , Sullivan Graeme 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
David Ecker’s contribution to the influential 1965 Penn State Seminar drew on his background in philosophy and aesthetics and his original thinking about the phenomenology of the artistic process he defined as qualitative problem solving. In this reassessment of his thesis, the authors adapt Ecker’s ideas to construct a method of interpretive analysis for examining visual arts practice. Three phases of critique are extracted from Ecker’s descriptions and applied in an analysis of a contemporary art group, the Nationwide Museum Mascot Project (NWMMP). Ecker’s awkward combination of discipline-based rationalism and artistic intuition in identifying significant problems in art education is mostly borne out. However, the argument that systems of knowledge that inform research practice and curriculum development in art and art education are predominantly drawn from established discipline-based epistemologies is shown to be an inadequate conception. Yet, Ecker helps us understand the awkward yet efficient role art plays when educational purpose, individual agency, and artistic provocation are taken seriously.
Joshua C. Taylor, the 1965 Seminar, and the Emergence of Contemporary Creative Looking
Authors: Choi Eunjung , Kletchka Dana Carlisle 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we provide a brief description of the 1965 Penn State Seminar, consider the ways in which art museums and original works of art were (and were not) positioned at the seminar, and argue that art historian Joshua C. Taylor and art education professor June King McFee elucidated ideas that influenced and changed the trajectory of art museum education, a related field that was concurrently emerging as an area of study and research as well as a profession. In particular, Taylor’s presentation at the Penn State Seminar, “The History of Art in Education,” provides rich ground to cultivate pedagogical implications of creative looking and knowing based on art history as a component of the art curriculum, and also suggests important aspects to consider in relation to current art museum education practices. We also outline Taylor’s subsequent writings that specifically address art museums and art museum education and suggest that his work provides evidence of an evolving understanding of art history and interpretation that opened up a space for contemporary practices of creative looking in the art museum. While education practitioners in art museums and art museum education were not explicitly included in the seminar, Taylor’s presentation suggested multiple points of entry to locate the implications of art museum education within the field. Using Taylor’s presentation as a springboard, we identify the implicit threads that associate ways of creative looking with contemporary educational practices and possibilities in the art museum.
Stop the World, I Want to Get Off!: A Paratextual Dialogue With Jerome Hausman
Authors: Knochel Aaron D. , Patton Ryan M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
There are few individuals who have worked and published in art education for as many decades as Jerome Hausman. His essay “The Plastic Arts, History of Art, and Design—Currents Toward Identifying Content for Art Education” marked his contribution in the 1965 Seminar in Art Education for Research and Curriculum Development. For our essay, we utilize Hausman’s writing to gain insight toward our contemporary moment by revisiting the text through a narrative inquiry methodology we call paratextual dialogue. We encounter the voice of Hausman and enact his essay as a postmodern text through a conversational structure that collapses then and now. Hausman’s themes of change and advancement in contemporary art and society are broadly written. However, his work foreshadows a sense of anxiety within the field of art education over change in contemporary art education through the lens of technology, development of media arts standards, and the continuing separation of design practice from the art classroom.
Effect of thermal annealing on the crystallization of low-temperature-grown In0.42Ga0.58As on InP substrate
Authors: Tominaga Yoriko , Kadoya Yutaka , Morioka Hitoshi , Ueda Osamu 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We present the effect of postannealing on the crystallization of low-temperature-grown (LTG) In
x
Ga1−

x
As on a (001) InP substrate. LTG In0.42Ga0.58As with a thickness of 1.0 µm was grown directly on the substrate by molecular beam epitaxy at 180 °C. High-resolution X-ray diffraction reciprocal space mapping and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that the as-grown LTG-In0.42Ga0.58As layer comprises an amorphous layer above the substrate and a columnar crystal layer on top of the amorphous layer. The TEM images indicate that the thermally induced crystallization of the amorphous In0.42Ga0.58As crystal lattice-matched to the InP substrate occurs during annealing above 400 °C.
The impact of IL-6 and IL-28B gene polymorphisms on treatment outcome of chronic hepatitis C infection among intravenous drug users in Croatia
Authors: Bogdanović Zoran , Marinović-Terzić Ivana , Kuret Sendi , Jerončić Ana , Bradarić Nikola , Forempoher Gea , Polašek Ozren , Anđelinović Šimun , Terzić Janoš 
Published: October 2016

Background
Several genes and their single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with either spontaneous resolution of hepatitis C infection or better treatment-induced viral clearance. We tested a cohort of intravenous drug users (IVDU) diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) for treatment response and its association with the SNPs in the interleukin-6 (rs1800795-IL6) and the interleukin-28B (rs12979860-IL28B) genes.

Methods
The study included 110 Croatian IVDU positive for anti-HCV antibody. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based approach. Patients were treated by standard pegylated-interferon/ribavirin and followed throughout a period of four years, during which sustained virological response (SVR) was determined. All data were analysed with statistical package SPSS 19.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) and PLINK v1.07 software.

Results
Patients showed a significantly better response to treatment according to the number of copies of the C allele carried at rs1800795-IL6 (P = 0.034). All but one of the patients with CC genotype achieved SVR (93%), whereas the response rate of patients with GG genotype was 64%. The association of rs1800795-IL6 with SVR status remained significant after further adjustment for patients’ age, fibrosis staging, and viral genotype (OR 2.15, 95% CI 1.16–4.68, P = 0.019). Distributions of allele frequencies at the locus rs12979860-IL28B among the study cohort and the underlying general population were suggestive of a protective effect of CC genotype in acquiring chronic hepatitis C in the Croatian IVDU population.

Discussion
The rs1800795-IL6 polymorphism is associated with positive response to treatment in IVDU patients positive for HCV infection. A protective role of rs12979860-IL28B CC genotype in acquiring chronic hepatitis C is suggested for Croatian IVDU population.
Earthward electric field and its reversal in the near‐Earth current sheet
Authors: Artemyev A. V. , Angelopoulos V. , Runov A. , Zelenyi L. M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUsing Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms observations (radial distance r from 9 to 35 Earth radii, RE), we investigate ion and electron contributions to the cross‐tail current density in the magnetotail current sheet. We analyze plasma pressure measurements (including the contribution from high‐energy particles) and estimate the magnitudes of ion and electron diamagnetic drifts. In the downtail, r > 15RE, region, ion (electron) diamagnetic drifts are shown to provide more than 50% (less than 25%) of the cross‐tail current density at the neutral plane, Bx=0. Conversely, in the near‐Earth region, r≤15RE, the ion (electron) diamagnetic drift contribution to the cross‐tail current density is 20% (50%). The directly measured duskward (dawnward) component of the ion (electron) velocity, vyi (−vye), where y is the GSM direction, is very small (quite large) in the downtail region but large (small) in the near‐Earth region. This systematic discrepancy between the expected values of vyi, −vye (based on estimates of diamagnetic drifts) and the direct measurements of the velocity, vyi, −vye, is consistent with a contribution to the total velocity by an E × B drift caused by an electric field oriented parallel to the x axis, Ex. To decrease the ion (increase the electron) total drift to agree with the measured flows in the downtail region and increase (decrease) this total drift to match the measurements in the near‐Earth region, this Ex would need to be directed earthward at r > 15RE and tailward at r≤15RE. Such an Ex distribution is consistent with the equatorial projection of the Harang discontinuity.
HF radar observations of a quasi‐biennial oscillation in midlatitude mesospheric winds
Authors: Malhotra Garima , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Baker J. B. H. , Hibbins R. E. , McWilliams K. A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe equatorial quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) is known to be an important source of interannual variability in the middle‐ and high‐latitude stratosphere. The influence of the QBO on the stratospheric polar vortex in particular has been extensively studied. However, the impact of the QBO on the winds of the midlatitude mesosphere is much less clear. We have applied 13 years (2002–2014) of data from the Saskatoon Super Dual Auroral Radar Network HF radar to show that there is a strong QBO signature in the midlatitude mesospheric zonal winds during the late winter months. We find that the Saskatoon mesospheric winds are related to the winds of the equatorial QBO at 50 hPa such that the westerly mesospheric winds strengthen when QBO is easterly, and vice versa. We also consider the situation in the late winter Saskatoon stratosphere using the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts ERA‐Interim reanalysis data set. We find that the Saskatoon stratospheric winds between 7 hPa and 70 hPa weaken when the equatorial QBO at 50 hPa is easterly, and vice versa. We speculate that gravity wave filtering from the QBO‐modulated stratospheric winds and subsequent opposite momentum deposition in the mesosphere plays a major role in the appearance of the QBO signature in the late winter Saskatoon mesospheric winds, thereby coupling the equatorial stratosphere and the midlatitude mesosphere.