bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The NIMH Research Domain Criteria Initiative: Background, Issues, and Pragmatics
Authors: Kozak Michael J. , Cuthbert Bruce N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article describes the National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative. The description includes background, rationale, goals, and the way the initiative has been developed and organized. The central RDoC concepts are summarized and the current matrix of constructs that have been vetted by workshops of extramural scientists is depicted. A number of theoretical and methodological issues that can arise in connection with the nature of RDoC constructs are highlighted: subjectivism and heterophenomenology, desynchrony and theoretical neutrality among units of analysis, theoretical reductionism, endophenotypes, biomarkers, neural circuits, construct “grain size,” and analytic challenges. The importance of linking RDoC constructs to psychiatric clinical problems is discussed. Some pragmatics of incorporating RDoC concepts into applications for NIMH research funding are considered, including sampling design.
Error‐related negativity (ERN) and sustained threat: Conceptual framework and empirical evaluation in an adolescent sample
Authors: Weinberg Anna , Meyer Alexandria , Hale‐Rude Emily , Perlman Greg , Kotov Roman , Klein Daniel N. , Hajcak Greg 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe error‐related negativity (ERN) currently appears as a physiological measure in relation to three Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) constructs: Cognitive Control, Sustained Threat, and Reward Learning. We propose a conceptual model in which variance in the ERN reflects individual differences in the degree to which errors are evaluated as threatening. We also discuss evidence for the placement of the ERN in the “Sustained Threat” construct, as well as evidence that the ERN may more specifically reflect sensitivity to endogenous threat. Following this, we present data from a sample of 515 adolescent females demonstrating a larger ERN in relation to self‐reported checking behaviors, but only in older adolescents, suggesting that sensitivity to internal threat and the ERN‐checking relationship may follow a developmental course as adolescents develop behavioral control. In contrast, depressive symptoms were linked to a smaller ERN, and this association was invariant with respect to age. Collectively, these data suggest that the magnitude of the ERN is sensitive both to specific anxiety‐related processes and depression, in opposing directions that may reflect variation in internal threat sensitivity. We discuss directions for future research, as well as ways in which findings for the ERN complement and challenge aspects of the current RDoC matrix.
Psychophysiology of threat response, paradigm shifts in psychiatry, and RDoC: Implications for genetic investigation of psychopathology
Authors: Hettema John M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTwo articles in this issue seek to further the goal of NIMH's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative to develop new approaches for investigating mental disorders, using fundamental dimensions that cut across traditional disorder categories and align more closely with mechanisms that underlie psychopathology. One article, by Lang, McTeague, and Bradley, describes the construction of such a disorder cross‐crossing dimension of fear response. The other, by Kozak and Cuthbert, expounds upon the basis and conceptualization of research targets under RDoC. Possible implications of these developments for psychiatric genetics research are discussed.
Achieving success with the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC): Going beyond the matrix
Authors: Iacono William G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAchieving Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) goals depends in part on how well scientists can grasp its principles and execute studies within its framework. Ford provides an exemplary illustration of a research program that aligns with RDoC guidelines. The future success of RDoC depends not just on research like that of Ford and colleagues. RDoC also must inspire the development of reliable neurobehavioral measures with demonstrable clinical validity that produce replicable findings leading to the establishment of neurocircuit‐based behavioral dimensions that inform clinical work. Large samples not typically attainable in a clinical neuroscience laboratory or easily imagined within the confines of the RDoC matrix will be required if RDoC is to develop the insights and tools needed to establish incremental value over the DSM. Innovation that goes beyond reliance on the RDoC matrix and measures of neurocircuitry can help facilitate achievement of RDoC's goal of developing a science of psychopathology based on neurobiological systems.
Reconciling RDoC and DSM approaches in clinical psychophysiology and neuroscience
Authors: McTeague Lisa M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative endeavors to foster a science of psychopathology based around dimensions of brain‐behavior relationships as opposed to subjectively based diagnostic categories. A rapidly accumulating array of transdiagnostic commonalities, across multiple objective and subjective measures, underscores the clear potential of this initiative. At the same time, a road map for guiding future RDoC research efforts is needed that draws upon the wealth of extant disorder‐specific findings. In this issue, Hamm and colleagues provide an example of conceptualizing within‐disorder processes in terms of dimensional brain‐behavior relationships that advances the understanding of panic disorder with agoraphobia beyond the conventional nosological framework. Their findings and conceptual model are reviewed and discussed in terms of broader transdiagnostic implications.
Early cytomegalovirus‐specific T‐cell response and estimated glomerular filtration rate identify patients at high risk of infection after renal transplantation
Authors: Leone F. , Gigliotti P. , Mauro M.V. , Lofaro D. , Greco F. , Tenuta R. , Perugini D. , Papalia T. , Mollica A. , Perri A. , Vizza D. , La Russa A. , Toteda G. , Lupinacci S. , Giraldi C. , Bonofiglio R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundAssessing the risk of cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) may be helpful to indicate in which patient it is worth starting antiviral treatment during preemptive strategy.MethodsIn 40 CMV‐seropositive KTR preemptively treated with ganciclovir, we used interferon (IFN)‐γ ELISpot test to evaluate whether monitoring T cells directed against phosphoprotein (pp) 65 and immediate early (IE)‐1 antigens could predict the onset of viremia.ResultsCMV viremia occurred in 24 patients (60%) within 120 days after transplantation. Non‐viremic patients had higher anti‐pp65, anti‐IE‐1 T cells, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the first 90 days after transplantation. At logistic regression, anti‐pp65, anti‐IE‐1 T cells, and eGFR measured at day 30 were significantly associated with CMV infection. Cutoff values of 15 spot‐forming cells (SFCs)/200,000 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) for anti‐IE, 40 SFCs/200,000 PBMCs for anti‐pp65, and 46.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 for eGFR, respectively, predicted the risk of CMV infection with high sensitivity and specificity (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve >0.75). Using a classification tree model, we identified as high‐risk patients those showing anti‐pp65 <42 SFCs/200,000 PBMCs and eGFR <62 mL/min/1.73 m2, as well as anti‐pp65 ≥42 and anti‐IE‐1 <6.5 SFCs/200,000 PBMCs.ConclusionMonitoring CMV‐specific T‐cell responses and eGFR in the first month post transplant can identify patients at high risk of CMV infection, for whom preemptive antiviral therapy is recommended.
Effects of topical corticosteroid administration on intraocular pressure in normal and glaucomatous cats
Authors: Gosling Allyson A. , Kiland Julie A. , Rutkowski Lauren E. , Hoefs Adam , Ellinwood Norman Matthew , McLellan Gillian J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of topical corticosteroid (CCS) therapy on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normal cats and cats with primary feline congenital glaucoma (FCG).Animals studiedFive normal and 11FCGcats were studied in two cohorts.ProceduresIOPwas measured by a single, masked observer, once daily, 3–5 days/week throughout the course ofCCStreatment and for up to 11 days after treatment discontinuation. One eye per cat was randomly assigned for treatment twice daily withCCS; balanced salt solution (BSS) applied to the contralateral eye served as a control. Differences between eyes and between weeks of the study period were calculated for each cat. A positive response toCCSwas defined as a consistent >15% or >25% higherIOPin the treated relative to control eye in normal andFCGcats, respectively.ResultsA total of 8 of 11FCGcats responded to topicalCCSafter 1–5 weeks of treatment with an increase inIOPrelative to the untreated eye (maximumIOPdiscrepancy of 56 mmHg). Two of five normal cats responded to topicalCCSwith an appreciable, but clinically unimportant increase inIOPin the treated eye (maximumIOPdiscrepancy of 6.4 mmHg).ConclusionsOur data indicate that the incidence of steroid‐inducedIOPelevation in cats is lower than that of previously published feline studies. Cats with preexisting compromise in aqueous humor outflow may show a greater, clinically relevant response to topicalCCSthan normal cats.
Germination rates of weedy radish populations (Raphanus spp.) altered by crop‐wild hybridisation, not human‐mediated changes to soil moisture
Authors: Teitel Z , Laursen A E , Campbell L G 
Published: February 2016

SummaryCultivated plants are known to readily hybridise with their wild relatives, sometimes forming populations with weedier life‐history strategies than their progenitors. Due to altered precipitation patterns from human‐induced global climate change, crop‐wild hybrid populations may have new and unpredictable environmental tolerances relative to parental populations, which would further challenge farming and land‐management weed control strategies. To recognise the role of seed dormancy variation in weed invasion, we compared seedbank dynamics of two cross‐type populations (wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum, and crop‐wild hybrid radish, R. raphanistrum × R. sativus) across a soil moisture gradient. In a seed‐burial experiment, we assessed relative rates of seed germination, dormancy and seed mortality over two years across cross types (crop‐wild hybrid or wild) and watering treatments (where water was withheld, equal to annual rainfall, or double annual rainfall). Weekly population censuses in 2012 and 2013 assessed the frequency and timing of seedling emergence within a growing season. Generally, germination rates were two times higher and seed dormancy was 58% lower in hybrid versus wild populations. Surprisingly, experimental soil moisture conditions did not determine seedbank dynamics over time. Yet, seed bank dynamics changed between years, potentially related to different amounts of annual rainfall. Thus, variation in seedbank dynamics may be driven by crop‐wild hybridisation rates and, potentially, annual variation in soil moisture conditions.
EFFECT OF FRETS TO SOUND FREQUENCY OF SUNDATANG
Authors: Batahong Ronald Yusri , Dayou Jedol 
Published: February 2016

Sundatang is a traditional musical instrument in Sabah, Malaysia, which is needs to be upgraded. The purpose of this study was to formulate equations that explaining the effect of frets to its sound frequency. Sound of sundatang was recorded using a microphone which was connected to ADC Harmonie system. In this study, it was found that the fundamental frequency of sound of the 1st string shifted to higher frequency when fretted at higher fret number. There are two equations formulated in this study which can be used to calculate the fundamental frequency of sound at each fret of sundatang, named Fundamental Frequency (FF) equation and Gradient Harmonic Frequency (GHF) equation. Where, the maximum average difference obtained between recorded and calculated frequency is 4.53 Hz. In addition, also formulated an equation that can be used to explain the correlation of the fundamental frequency and the length of the fretted of 1st string which is named as Correlation of Fundamental Frequency with Length of Fretted String (CFFLFS) equation. The formulated equations in this study can be used to develop a standard musical notation of sundatang.
EXPLORATORY ENVIRONMENTAL DNA ANALYSIS FOR INVESTIGATING PLANT-FEEDING HABIT OF THE RED-EARED TURTLE USING THEIR FECES SAMPLES
Authors: Koizumi Noriyuki , Mori Atsushi , Mineta Takuya , Sawada Eiji , Watabe Keiji , Takemura Takeshi 
Published: February 2016

Exploratory environmental DNA, eDNA analysis was performed to investigate plant-feeding habits of the red-eared turtle using their feces samples. This turtle species non-native to Japan appears to be causing feeding damage to lotus roots in several rural areas as a pest, although the reality is still unproven scientifically. The feces samples were collected from five turtles inhabiting agricultural canals surrounding lotus root paddies in Tokushima Prefecture where feeding damage has arisen. After eDNA extraction from the feces samples and polymerase chain reaction, PCR amplification, electrophoresis and sequencing analysis of the amplified PCR products were carried out to confirm whether chloroplast DNA fragments of seven targeted plant species including the lotus were detected from the eDNA samples. From the results, the DNA fragments of six plant species were detected from all eDNA samples, hence, this eDNA analysis appeared to be successful. It suggested that the number of the detected plant species differed between young and adult turtles. Different habitats of the detected plant species indicated that the turtles migrated between the lotus root paddies and the canals. The lotus DNA fragments were found in all turtles. Therefore, our eDNA analysis helps to more definitely prove the feeding damage of the lotus root by this turtle.
SIMULATION OF FLOOD RISK AREA IN KELANTAN WATERSHED, MALAYSIA USING NUMERICAL MODEL
Authors: Ghorbani Karim , Wayayok Aimrun , Abdullah Ahmad Fikri 
Published: February 2016

Flood events have recently increased and caused extensive damages to the agricultural area and infrastructures, despite enormous efforts to decrease this hazard. Modeling of runoff can be a suitable approach to determine the effective factors in flooding, and to explore reasonable solution and thus to be able reduce hazard on watersheds. The current work attempted to derive basin and sub-basins, stream network, aspect, slop and all relevant physiographic parameters of Kelantan watershed in order to estimate depth of runoff using DEM data , satellite images and field study. In addition, the maximum rainfall intensity of all the meteorological stations were extracted and the interpolation of the values obtained, led to derive a contour map as rainfall intensity for the watershed. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) model was employed to calculate the surface flows, and to derive the flood hydrograph for all the sub-basins at the return periods of 5,10,25,50,100, considering to the Curve Number (CN) is a function of land use, soil, and primary moisture content. HEC-HMs model was calibrated for the study area using observed storm rainfall and recorded floods at the number of hydrometric stations. A good agreement was obtained between simulated and observed data with a correlation of 82%. Calibrated model was used to simulate depth of runoff in different return period that led to derive flood risk maps for Kelantan watershed. Results obtained revealed that flooding could be moderated and managed within a number of the sub - basins through implementing a technical scheme, depending on characteristic of the sub- basin, and its effect on the flood peak.
SRI-TRAY: BREAKTHROUGH IN NURSERY MANAGEMENT FOR THE SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION
Authors: Bashar Zubairu Usman , Wayayok Aimrun , M. S. M Amin , Mahadi Mohammad Razif , Y. M. Bande 
Published: February 2016

The major challenges envisaged by SRI practitioners to nursery management are high labour requirement and transplanting shock due to traumatic condition at the nursery. This study was aimed at creating innovative techniques for increasing the quality and transplanting potentials of seedlings vis- ă –vis to savings on water, seeds, nursery space as well as reducing the transplanting shock. It involved the use of the developed SRI-Tray having 924 square growing cavities with sliding base to facilitate seedling transfer. The parameters used were water requirement (WR), growing media (GM), nursery perimeter (NP) and age of seedling (AS). These were compared with conventional nursery methods (dry-bed, wet-bed and tray) to evaluate the growth performances for 10 days on seedling height [SH], leaf length [LL], leaf number [LN] and root length [RL]. The SAS revealed that SRI-tray had the highest significant values for SH, LL and RL with the mean values of 157.2mm, 110.3 mm and 89 mm. when compared with conventional practices on tray (125mm, 92mm and 52mm), dry-bed (86mm, 64mm and 42mm). The seed rate, nursery area and seedling age to support one hectare of planting area were found as 5.34kg, 36m2 and 8-10 days on SRI-tray against 15-50kg, 250 – 500m2 and 15 – 30 days on conventional practices. The water management was found to be high on conventional tray (Flat tray) with a nursery area of 250m2, if supply at 4cm height for 20 days, and then total water use for conventional flat tray is 200m3. While a significant saving was observed on SRI-tray with only 18m3 with a nursery space of about 36m2 when supplied at 5cm for 10 days.
VARIABILITY OF RICE YIELD WITH RESPECT TO CROP HEALTH
Authors: Eka Putri Renny , Yahya Azmi , Adam Nor Maria , Abd Aziz Samsuzana 
Published: February 2016

Chlorophyll content of leaf can be used as an indicator of the crop health. The SPAD chlorophyll meter has been acceptably used for rapid analysis of chlorophyll content and nitrogen status of crops while it has not been established how strongly the SPAD values are correlated with rice yield within a plot. This study was to explore the relationship between rice yields and the leaf SPAD value of the associated rice plots. Twenty sampling points of rice leaves plant were taken at three difference growing stages based on grid point sampling of 30m x 18m for two crop seasons. Two methods, namely instantaneous yield from on-board yield monitoring system mounted on a combine harvester and estimated crop yield from cutting test (CCT) yield were used to measure the variability of harvested rice yield within the rice plot. The SPAD values were found positively correlated with grain yield at different growth stages. The highest significant correlation was at crop age 70 days after planting with Pearson’s correlations (r) ranging 0.7280 to 0.8336 (P<0.001). Consequently, information with regards to SPAD value variability could triggers farmers in taking immediate in situ action for improving the crop yield while information with regards to crop yield variability could assist farmers in planning the proper farming practice for the subsequent cropping seasons. Generally, this available technology would assist farmers in improving their crop yield and their economic status.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles exacerbate DSS-induced colitis: role of the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Ruiz Pedro A , Morón Belen , Becker Helen M , Lang Silvia , Atrott Kirstin , Spalinger Marianne R , Scharl Michael , Wojtal Kacper A , Fischbeck-Terhalle Anne , Frey-Wagner Isabelle , Hausmann Martin , Kraemer Thomas , Rogler Gerhard 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveWestern lifestyle and diet are major environmental factors playing a role in the development of IBD. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are widely used as food additives or in pharmaceutical formulations and are consumed by millions of people on a daily basis. We investigated the effects of TiO2in the development of colitis and the role of the nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain receptor, pyrin domain containing (NLRP)3 inflammasome.DesignWild-type and NLRP3-deficient mice with dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis were orally administered with TiO2nanoparticles. The proinflammatory effects of TiO2particles in cultured human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and macrophages were also studied, as well as the ability of TiO2crystals to traverse IEC monolayers and accumulate in the blood of patients with IBD using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.ResultsOral administration of TiO2nanoparticles worsened acute colitis through a mechanism involving the NLRP3 inflammasome. Importantly, crystals were found to accumulate in spleen of TiO2-administered mice. In vitro, TiO2particles were taken up by IECs and macrophages and triggered NLRP3-ASC-caspase-1 assembly, caspase-1 cleavage and the release of NLRP3-associated interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. TiO2also induced reactive oxygen species generation and increased epithelial permeability in IEC monolayers. Increased levels of titanium were found in blood of patients with UC having active disease.ConclusionThese findings indicate that individuals with a defective intestinal barrier function and pre-existing inflammatory condition, such as IBD, might be negatively impacted by the use of TiO2nanoparticles.
Defective monocyte oxidative burst predicts infection in alcoholic hepatitis and is associated with reduced expression of NADPH oxidase
Authors: Vergis Nikhil , Khamri Wafa , Beale Kylie , Sadiq Fouzia , Aletrari Mina O , Moore Celia , Atkinson Stephen R , Bernsmeier Christine , Possamai Lucia A , Petts Gemma , Ryan Jennifer M , Abeles Robin D , James Sarah , Foxton Matthew , Hogan Brian , Foster Graham R , O'Brien Alastair J , Ma Yun , Shawcross Debbie L , Wendon Julia A , Antoniades Charalambos G , Thursz Mark R 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveIn order to explain the increased susceptibility to serious infection in alcoholic hepatitis, we evaluated monocyte phagocytosis, aberrations of associated signalling pathways and their reversibility, and whether phagocytic defects could predict subsequent infection.DesignMonocytes were identified from blood samples of 42 patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis using monoclonal antibody to CD14. Phagocytosis and monocyte oxidative burst (MOB) were measured ex vivo using flow cytometry, luminometry and bacterial killing assays. Defects were related to the subsequent development of infection. Intracellular signalling pathways were investigated using western blotting and PCR. Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) was evaluated for its therapeutic potential in reversing phagocytic defects. Paired longitudinal samples were used to evaluate the effect of in vivo prednisolone therapy.ResultsMOB, production of superoxide and bacterial killing in response toEscherichia coliwere markedly impaired in patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Pretreatment MOB predicted development of infection within two weeks with sensitivity and specificity that were superior to available clinical markers. Accordingly, defective MOB was associated with death at 28 and 90 days. Expression of the gp91phoxsubunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase was reduced in patients with alcoholic hepatitis demonstrating defective MOB. Monocytes were refractory to IFN-γ stimulation and showed high levels of a negative regulator of cytokine signalling, suppressor of cytokine signalling-1. MOB was unaffected by 7 days in vivo prednisolone therapy.ConclusionsMonocyte oxidative burst and bacterial killing is impaired in alcoholic hepatitis while bacterial uptake by phagocytosis is preserved. Defective MOB is associated with reduced expression of NADPH oxidase in these patients and predicts the development of infection and death.