bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquiescing to intuition: Believing what we know isn't so
Authors: Risen Jane L. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhen people identify an error in their initial judgment, they typically try to correct it. But, in some cases, they choose not to—even when they know, in the moment, that they are being irrational or making a mistake. A baseball fan may know that he cannot affect the pitcher from his living room but still be reluctant to say “no‐hitter.” A person may learn that flying in an airplane is statistically safer than driving a car and still refuse to fly. Dual‐process models of judgment and decision making often implicitly assume that if an error is detected, it will be corrected. Recent work suggests, however, that models should decouple error detection and correction. Indeed, people can explicitly recognize that their intuitive judgment is wrong but, nevertheless, stick with it, a phenomenon known as acquiescence. My goals are to offer criteria for identifying acquiescence, consider why people acquiesce even when it incurs a cost, discuss how lessons that are learned in cases when acquiescence is clearly identified can be exported to cases when acquiescence may be harder to establish, and, more broadly, describe the implications of a model that decouples error detection and error correction.
Service provision in rural water supplies: analysis of four community-based systems in Colombia
Authors: Domínguez Rivera Isabel , Oviedo-Ocaña Edgar Ricardo , Restrepo-Tarquino Inés 
Published: October 2017

Community management is the tendency to provide water to rural areas worldwide. Despite the diversity of rural communities and their water supplies, policies tend to be uniform, failing to be effective. Four rural water supplies in the Colombian Andes were studied combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Aspects of infrastructure, training of human resources, revenue collection, water quality and post-construction support were studied. The study provides evidence on the need to design policies and programs that consider rural diversity to help communal water organizations to provide sustainable services.
Spending on social and public health services and its association with homicide in the USA: an ecological study
Authors: Sipsma Heather L , Canavan Maureen E , Rogan Erika , Taylor Lauren A , Talbert-Slagle Kristina M , Bradley Elizabeth H 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo examine whether state-level spending on social and public health services is associated with lower rates of homicide in the USA.DesignEcological study.SettingUSA.ParticipantsAll states in the USA and the District of Columbia for which data were available (n=42).Primary outcome measureHomicide rates for each state were abstracted from the US Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Uniform Crime Reporting.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential confounding variables, we found that every $10 000 increase in spending per person living in poverty was associated with 0.87 fewer homicides per 100 000 population or approximately a 16% decrease in the average homicide rate (estimate=−0.87, SE=0.15, p<0.001). Furthermore, there was no significant effect in the quartile of states with the highest percentages of individuals living in poverty but significant effects in the quartiles of states with lower percentages of individuals living in poverty.ConclusionsBased on our findings, spending on social and public health services is associated with significantly lower homicide rates at the state level. Although we cannot infer causality from this research, such spending may provide promising avenues for homicide reduction in the USA, particularly among states with lower levels of poverty.
Feasibility and acceptability of training community health workers in ear and hearing care in Malawi: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mulwafu Wakisa , Kuper Hannah , Viste Asgaut , Goplen Frederik K 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the feasibility and acceptability of training community health workers (CHWs) in ear and hearing care, and their ability to identify patients with ear and hearing disorders.DesignCluster randomised controlled trial (RCT).SettingHealth centres in Thyolo district, Malawi.ParticipantsTen health centres participated, 5 intervention (29 CHWs) and 5 control (28 CHWs).InterventionIntervention CHWs received 3 days of training in primary ear and hearing care, while among control CHWs, training was delayed for 6 months. Both groups were given a pretest that assessed knowledge about ear and hearing care, only the intervention group was given the posttest on the third day of training. The intervention group was given 1 month to identify patients with ear and hearing disorders in their communities, and these people were screened for hearing disorders by ear, nose and throat clinical specialists.Outcome measuresPrimary outcome measure was improvement in knowledge of ear and hearing care among CHWs after the training. Secondary outcome measures were number of patients with ear or hearing disorders identified by CHWs and number recorded at health centres during routine activities, and the perceived feasibility and acceptability of the intervention.ResultsThe average overall correct answers increased from 55% to 68% (95% CI 65 to 71) in the intervention group (p<0.001). A total of 1739 patients with potential ear and hearing disorders were identified by CHWs and 860 patients attended the screening camps, of whom 400 had hearing loss (73 patients determined through bilateral fail on otoacoustic emissions, 327 patients through audiometry). Where cause could be determined, the most common cause of ear and hearing disorders was chronic suppurative otitis media followed by impacted wax. The intervention was perceived as feasible and acceptable to implement.ConclusionsTraining was effective in improving the knowledge of CHW in ear and hearing care in Malawi and allowing them to identify patients with ear and hearing disorders. This intervention could be scaled up to other CHWs in low-income and middle-income countries.Trial registration numberPan African Clinical Trial Registry (201705002285194); Results.
Heterozygous mutations affecting the protein kinase domain of CDK13 cause a syndromic form of developmental delay and intellectual disability
Authors: Hamilton Mark J , Caswell Richard C , Canham Natalie , Cole Trevor , Firth Helen V , Foulds Nicola , Heimdal Ketil , Hobson Emma , Houge Gunnar , Joss Shelagh , Kumar Dhavendra , Lampe Anne Katrin , Maystadt Isabelle , McKay Victoria , Metcalfe Kay , Newbury-Ecob Ruth , Park Soo-Mi , Robert Leema , Rustad Cecilie F , Wakeling Emma , Wilkie Andrew O M , Study The Deciphering Developmental Disor , Twigg Stephen R F , Suri Mohnish 
Published: October 2017

IntroductionRecent evidence has emerged linking mutations in CDK13 to syndromic congenital heart disease. We present here genetic and phenotypic data pertaining to 16 individuals with CDK13 mutations.MethodsPatients were investigated by exome sequencing, having presented with developmental delay and additional features suggestive of a syndromic cause.ResultsOur cohort comprised 16 individuals aged 4–16 years. All had developmental delay, including six with autism spectrum disorder. Common findings included feeding difficulties (15/16), structural cardiac anomalies (9/16), seizures (4/16) and abnormalities of the corpus callosum (4/11 patients who had undergone MRI). All had craniofacial dysmorphism, with common features including short, upslanting palpebral fissures, hypertelorism or telecanthus, medial epicanthic folds, low-set, posteriorly rotated ears and a small mouth with thin upper lip vermilion. Fifteen patients had predicted missense mutations, including five identical p.(Asn842Ser) substitutions and two p.(Gly717Arg) substitutions. One patient had a canonical splice acceptor site variant (c.2898–1G>A). All mutations were located within the protein kinase domain of CDK13. The affected amino acids are highly conserved, and in silico analyses including comparative protein modelling predict that they will interfere with protein function. The location of the missense mutations in a key catalytic domain suggests that they are likely to cause loss of catalytic activity but retention of cyclin K binding, resulting in a dominant negative mode of action. Although the splice-site mutation was predicted to produce a stable internally deleted protein, this was not supported by expression studies in lymphoblastoid cells. A loss of function contribution to the underlying pathological mechanism therefore cannot be excluded, and the clinical significance of this variant remains uncertain.ConclusionsThese patients demonstrate that heterozygous, likely dominant negative mutations affecting the protein kinase domain of the CDK13 gene result in a recognisable, syndromic form of intellectual disability, with or without congenital heart disease.
Recurrence risk factors in detachable balloon embolization of traumatic direct carotid cavernous fistulas in 188 patients
Authors: Gao Bu-Lang , Wang Zi-Liang , Li Tian-Xiao , Xu Bin 
Published: October 2017

PurposeTo investigate the effects of detachable balloons in embolizing traumatic carotid cavernous fistulas (TCCFs) and the risk factors for recurrence after balloon embolization.Materials and methods188 patients with TCCFs were enrolled, and clinical, treatment, and follow-up data were analyzed for possible risk factors for recurrence after embolization.ResultsAmong 188 patients, 182 (96.8%) had successful balloon embolization; 6 patients failed. One balloon was used in 94 cases and multiple (two or more) balloons were used in 62 patients. 26 patients had occlusion of the parent artery whereas the remainder had parent artery preservation. Periprocedural complications occurred in 3 patients (1.6%) including cerebral embolism in 1 and abducent nerve paralysis in the other 2. Immediately following embolization, headache appeared in 92 patients and was relieved after 3–5 days with medications. A total of 165 patients (87.8%) had follow-up (6 months to 16 years, mean 5 years). 23 (13.9%) patients with internal carotid artery preservation had recurrence 1–33 days (mean 11 days) after the first embolization and were retreated to complete occlusion. Factors affecting recurrence were multiple balloons and residual fistula (p<0.05). Logistic regression confirmed the independent factors affecting recurrence were multiple balloons (≥2 balloons, OR 7.80, 95% CI 2.28 to 26.73; p=0.001) and residual fistula immediately following embolization (OR 10.46, 95% CI 2.99 to 36.5; p=0.000).ConclusionThe recurrence rate is high in the first month after embolization with detachable balloons, and multiple balloons and residual fistula are two independent factors affecting recurrence following balloon embolization.
Whole genome sequencing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae reveals transmission clusters involving patients of mixed HIV serostatus
Authors: Peters Joanna , Cresswell Fiona , Amor Lauren , Cole Kevin , Dean Gillian , Didelot Xavier , De Silva Dilrini , Eyre David W , Paul John 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesPrevention and control of gonorrhoea depends on understanding the nature of sexual networks and risk factors for infection. We aimed to use high-resolution typing (whole genome sequencing (WGS)) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates plus patient questionnaire data to gain insights into transmission patterns in a high prevalence setting.MethodsDuring a 9-month period (July 2014–March 2015), patients diagnosed with gonorrhoea attending sexual health service in Brighton, UK, were invited to provide anonymised detailed information by questionnaire about risk factors for infection. Questionnaire data plus WGS data from cultured isolates were analysed to yield information about sexual networks and risk factors for infection.Results104/149 individuals who consented to participate in the study were culture positive. 97/104 (93%) were male. 80 self-reported to be men who have sex with men (MSM). 35/104 (34%) of patients were HIV positive. 51/104 (49%) individuals reported using geosocial networking applications to facilitate contact. Sex under the influence of drugs was reported by 16/34 (46%) of HIV-positive MSM, 17/41 (41%) of HIV-negative MSM and 5/15 (31%) of heterosexuals. WGS data were available for 100 isolates from 83 patients. 55 isolates (66%) belonged to genetically related subtypes involving one or more patients, who could be plausibly linked through recent direct or indirect transmission. Four transmission clusters containing 3–12 individuals were composed of MSM of mixed HIV serostatus.ConclusionsWe show that data obtained from WGS of N. gonorrhoeae and enhanced epidemiological data obtained from patient questionnaires are mutually supportive and reveal insights into sexual networks. Our findings suggest that serosorting may have declined as a practice and indicate the importance of designing public health interventions that target infection risks associated with recreational drug use and contact made using geosocial networking applications.
ACM SIGAI activity report
Authors: Koenig Sven , Das Sanmay , Paradis Rosemary , Eaton Eric , Gil Yolanda , Guo Katherine , Huang Bojun , Jiang Albert , Kuipers Benjamin , Mattei Nicholas , McGovern Amy , Medsker Larry , Neller Todd , Petrov Plamen , Rovatsos Michael , Stork David 
Published: October 2017

We are happy to present the annual activity report of ACM SIGAI, covering the period from July 2016 to June 2017.
The scope of ACM SIGAI consists of the study of intelligence and its realization in computer systems (see also its website at sigai.acm.org). This includes areas such as
autonomous agents, cognitive modeling, computer vision, constraint programming, human language technologies, intelligent user interfaces, knowledge discovery, knowledge representation and reasoning, machine learning, planning and search, problem solving and robotics.
Members of ACM SIGAI come from academia, industry and government agencies worldwide. ACM SIGAI is proud of the fact that many AI researchers in the past year received ACM honors, including becoming ACM fellows as well as receiving other awards.
ACM SIGAI is committed to increase its activities in order to support its members even better. In order to do so, ACM SIGAI has created several new appointed officer positions, namely an industry liaison officer, an award officer and two ethics officers.
In the course of the last year, ACM SIGAI has been responsive to specific events and circumstances as well as continued to support and expand a range of regular activities.
Distinct Angiogenic Changes during Carcinogenesis Defined by Novel Label-Free Dark-Field Imaging in a Hamster Cheek Pouch Model
Authors: Hu Fangyao , Martin Hannah , Martinez Amy , Everitt Jeffrey , Erkanli Alaattin , Lee Walter T. , Dewhirst Mark , Ramanujam Nimmi 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
There remain gaps in knowledge concerning how vascular morphology evolves during carcinogenesis. In this study, we imaged neovascularization by label-free dark-field microscopy of a 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster cheek pouch model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Wavelength-dependent imaging revealed distinct vascular features at different imaging depths and vessel sizes. Vascular tortuosity increased significantly in high-risk lesions, whereas diameter decreased significantly in hyperplastic and SCC lesions. Large vessels preserved the same trends seen in the original images, whereas small vessels displayed different trends, with length and diameter increasing during carcinogenesis. On the basis of these data, we developed and validated a classification algorithm incorporating vascular features from different vessel masks. Receiver operator curves generated from the classification results demonstrated high accuracies in discriminating normal and hyperplasia from high-grade lesions (AUC &gt; 0.94). Overall, these results provided automated imaging of vasculature in the earliest stages of carcinogenesis from which one can extract robust endpoints. The optical toolbox described here is simple, low-cost and portable, and can be used in a variety of health care and research settings for cancer prevention and pharmacology research. Cancer Res; 77(24); 7109–19. ©2017 AACR.
Paxillin Binding to the Cytoplasmic Domain of CD103 Promotes Cell Adhesion and Effector Functions for CD8+ Resident Memory T Cells in Tumors
Authors: Gauthier Ludiane , Corgnac Stéphanie , Boutet Marie , Gros Gwendoline , Validire Pierre , Bismuth Georges , Mami-Chouaib Fathia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractCD8+/CD103+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) accumulate in several human solid tumors, where they have been associated with a favorable prognosis. However, the role of CD103, the α subunit of the integrin αEβ7 (also known as CD103), in the retention and functions of these TRM is undefined. In this report, we investigated the role of CD103 cytoplasmic domain and the focal adhesion-associated protein paxillin (Pxn) in downstream signaling and functional activities triggered through αE/CD103 chain. Binding to immobilized recombinant (r)E-cadherin-Fc of CD103 integrin expressed on tumor-specific CTL clones promotes phosphorylation of Pxn and Pyk2 and binding of Pxn to the αE/CD103 subunit tail. Inhibition of Pxn phosphorylation by the Src inhibitor saracatinib or its knockdown via shRNA dramatically altered adhesion and spreading of freshly isolated CD8+/CD103+ lung tumor–infiltrating lymphocytes and CD103+ tumor-specific CTL clones. Inhibition of Pxn phosphorylation with saracatinib in these CTL clones also severely compromised their functional activities toward autologous tumor cells. Using Jurkat T cells as a model to study CD103 integrin activation, we demonstrated a key role of serine residue S1163 of the αE chain intracellular domain in polarization of CD103 and recruitment of lysosomes and Pxn at the contact zone of T lymphocytes with rE-cadherin-Fc–coated beads. Overall, our results show how Pxn binding to the CD103 cytoplasmic tail triggers αEβ7 integrin outside-in signaling that promotes CD8+ T-cell migratory behavior and effector functions. These results also explain the more favorable prognosis associated with retention of TRM cells in the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Res; 77(24); 7072–82. ©2017 AACR.
Is Risk-Standardized In-Hospital Stroke Mortality an Adequate Proxy for Risk-Standardized 30-Day Stroke Mortality Data?
Authors: Reeves Mathew J. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Xu Haolin , Matsouaka Roland A. , Xian Ying , Saver Jeffrey , Schwamm Lee , Smith Eric E. 
Published: October 2017

Background—
Hospital profiling is typically undertaken using risk-standardized 30-day mortality, but obtaining these data for hospitals can be difficult. We sought to determine whether risk-standardized in-hospital mortality could serve as an adequate proxy for risk-standardized 30-day mortality data for the purposes of identifying outlier hospitals.

Methods and Results—

Acute ischemic stroke cases entered into GWTG (Get With The Guidelines)–Stroke between 2003 and 2013 were linked to fee-for-service Medicare files to obtain 30-day mortality. Risk-standardized mortality rates (RSMR) for in-hospital and 30-day mortality were generated using previously developed risk score models, and the proportion of hospitals classified as statistical outliers compared. We also assessed the impact of using the combined outcome of in-hospital mortality or discharge to hospice. A total of 535 332 ischemic stroke patients from 1494 GWTG–Stroke hospitals were included; mean age was 80 years, 59% female, and 19% nonwhite. At the hospital level, mean in-hospital RSMRs and 30-day RSMRs were 6.0% and 14.6%, respectively, but the correlation between the 2 was modest (
r
=0.53). Overall agreement in the designation of outlier hospitals between in-hospital and 30-day RSMRs was 78%, but chance-corrected agreement was only fair (κ=0.29). However, when using the combined outcome of in-hospital mortality or discharge to hospice (risk-standardized mean =11.8%), the correlation with 30-day RSMR was much stronger (
r
= 0.83) and outlier agreement improved substantially (κ=0.60).

Conclusions—
When used to identify outlier hospitals with high or low mortality, the agreement between risk-standardized in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality was modest. However, the combined outcome of in-hospital mortality or discharge to hospice showed much better agreement with 30-day mortality. This composite outcome could serve as a proxy for 30-day mortality when used to identify low- or high-performing hospitals.
“Whither Chinese Agriculture?”: An Introduction (“中国农业往哪里去？”——导论)
Authors: Huang (黄宗智) Philip C. C. 
Published: October 2017

This article attempts to provide a broad overview response to the question: Whence and whither Chinese agriculture? The point of departure is a summary and discussion of the ten articles of this symposium, five empirical and theoretical discussions from economic historians, two from scholars doing solid and illuminating research on the “new agriculture,” and finally three that explore the issue of what road Chinese agriculture should adopt for the future. The article places the agricultural and rural history of the People’s Republic into the broad perspective of changes since the eighteenth century. It distinguishes between cooperativization, collectivization, and the people’s communes, and between the open-field “old” grain agriculture and the high-value-added “new agriculture.” It examines the differences between the New World’s “lots of land and few people” and the East Asian “lots of people and little land” agricultures, and the former’s land-and-capital-dual-intensifying and the latter’s labor-and-capital-dual-intensifying paths of modern change. From that perspective, it examines the successes and failures of the people’s communes vs. cooperativization–collectivization, of dragon-head enterprises vs. small peasants, and of the American specialty co-ops vs. the East Asian integrated co-ops.本文试图对中国的农业从哪里来、到哪里去的问题做一个总体性的讨论。文章从对本专辑的十篇论文的总结和讨论出发。首先是五篇经验和理论探索的经济史论文，而后是两篇扎实和充满阐释性的关于近三十多年来兴起的“新农业”的研究，最后是三篇关于当前的农业与农村发展道路的探索。文章从18世纪以来的社会经济史视角来检视人民共和国农业发展的历史，区别合作化、集体化、人民公社化，以及“旧”大田（谷物）农业与高附加值“新农业”。文章论述地多人少的“新大陆”农业与人多地少的东亚农业，区别前者的土地与资本双密集化和后者的劳动与资本双密集化的不同现代演变道路,据此来检视人民公社VS. 合作化-集体化，“龙头企业”VS.小农经济，以及美国“专业合作社”VS. 东亚综合农协模式的得失。 (This article is in English.)
Industrialization and China’s Agricultural Development, 1949–1985 (工业化与中国农业的发展，1949–1985)
Authors: Gao (高原) Yuan 
Published: October 2017

In the 1950s, Chinese agriculture received far too few modern inputs from industry, but in the 1960s–1970s, this situation was significantly improved. The chemical fertilizer industry, crucial for enhancing crop yields, saw substantial development in the later period. More chemical fertilizer was used in agricultural production, and the price of chemical fertilizer relative to agricultural products was falling. The institutional framework in rural China, which underwent frequent changes in the 1950s, was stabilized in the 1960s and 1970s with the consolidation of the three-tiered commune-brigade-team structure and the establishment of the production team as the basic managerial unit. This stabilized framework remained in place until the implementation of the household responsibility system in the early 1980s. Agricultural development in the 1960s–1970s laid the necessary material foundation for the 1979–1984 Rural Reform. Revisiting this history can help us to rethink the interrelationship between institutional change and material factors in a developing economy.
在1950年代，中国农业从工业部门得到的现代化要素为数甚少，而在60–70年代，这一状况则得到显著改善。尤其是对农业增产至关重要的化肥工业，在后一阶段有了长足发展；农业生产的化肥施用量有明显的提升；同时化肥和农产品之间的比价则在持续下降。在1950年代变动频繁的农村经营制度，在1960–70年代则以“三级所有、队为基础”为核心稳定下来，直到家庭承包制实施。1960–70年代的农业发展为1979–1984年的农村改革提供了不可或缺的物质基础。检视这段历史有助于我们重新思考经济系统中制度变迁与物质基础之间的关系。 (This article is in English.)