bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OptimizingPVCphotostability andUVblocking capability through nanoparticles incorporation: A comprehensive review
Authors: Anwer Mohammed Basil , Al‐Mashhadani Mohammed H. , Alsayed Raghda , Mohammed Asmaa Hadi , Alshareef Sohad A. , Alhuwaymil Zamzam , Alyami Mohammed S. S. , Yousif Emad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolyvinyl chloride (PVC) plays a crucial role in various sectors including industry, agriculture and medicine, primarily due to their affordability, durability, relative chemical inertness, versatility, and ease of processing. Nonetheless, the polymer experiences a serious damage (degradation) upon exposure to UV radiation from sunlight. UV light mainly induces dehydrochlorination, leading to the release of hydrogen chloride (HCl). This process results in the formation of conjugated alkene structures within the polymer backbone, causing weight loss, and deterioration in the PVC's mechanical and physical properties. This deterioration affects not only the material's structure and appearance but also its performance, particularly in outdoor environments. Many advancements have been made in developing UV protective and UV blocking agents to reduce the effect of the harmful light on the polymer and the substance contained within. Nanoparticles (NPs) encompass a wide range of organic, inorganic, and hybrid materials, which have proven an outstanding UV stabilizing effect on the polymer via different mechanisms including absorption, reflection, scattering, and radicals scavenging. The incorporation of NPs into the polymeric matrix not only enhances the photostability of it but also endow the polymer improved UV‐blocking capability enlarging its application in various fields, most importantly packaging. While some of these NPs exhibit photocatalysis effect on the polymer and increase the rate of degradation, the surface modification can substantially reduce this effect. This review covers all research papers published since 2015 that investigate the use of nanoparticles not only as photostabilizers but also as UV‐shielding agents, providing a comprehensive analysis of their applications. It also delves into the underlying mechanisms by which these nanoparticles enhance the photostability of the polymer matrix itself and the protection of the materials contained within it through the blocking of the harmful light. Additionally, it discusses recent strategies, especially surface modification, to enhance the dispersion of NPs in polymeric materials and decreasing the photocatalytic activity of NPs.HighlightsPVC is susceptible to degradation caused by UV radiation from sunlight.NPs are promising candidates for mitigating the harmful effects of UV light.Surface modification reduces photocatalytic degradation by nanoparticles.Homogeneous distribution of NPs in the polymer improves photostability.NPs endow polymers with UV‐shielding capabilities for packing applications.
Transformations of Public Spaces - Sustainable and Ethical Approach to Architectural and Urban Design Using Mixed Cultural Background
Authors: Haupt Patrycja , Twardowski Mariusz , Fabris Luca Maria Francesco , Banzarotti Riccardo M. , Campos Andres Ros , Gisbert J. L. , Gimeno Pedro Verdejo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTransformations of public spaces are an integral part of city life. These processes although addressing site specific problems are universal for the urban centres across European countries struggling with deurbanization, social exclusion, massive tourism, climate change and pollution. The study is based upon the outcomes of the series of international workshop showing the approach to public space in different location. The aim of research is to show what problems addressed during the design workshop had a universal dimension and which ones were more site specific, addressing the needs of the local community. The basic research question asked was also how to transform public space in order to create active, reach, inclusive and climate neutral environment for the inhabitants. What are the factors in the public space creation that would result in active public space? The research methodology was based on a multi-criteria comparative analysis of activation factors in selected public spaces and evaluation of students’ proposals ac-cording to those factors. These transformations were often driven by specific objectives, such as creating iconic landmarks, improving public safety, or generating economic activity on the other hand some of the proposals were concentrating on local community needs introduced by the meetings with local stakeholders. A hybrid approach that combines the strengths of both approaches provided by the workshop methodology was proved effective didactic method.
Affirmation of a Discipline: Ephemeral Tectonics of Architecture Lesson
Authors: Justic Sinsa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArchitecture is identified by its presence, its perceived reality. Architecture study is research in essential, defining values of architecture. Within multitude of discipline’s constitutive elements, the objectification of architecture’s perceived state is still one of its vital and specific tasks. No matter technology, economy or social normative imperatives, architecture is aestheticized, reflective research. A meaningful creative act no matter of aesthetic code or material circumstances. Architecture’s immaterial, yet identifying difference is processed by exact conceptual decisions. Study of architecture must sustain a course where a working process is identified as a concept of work itself, where ephemeral emerges out of exact, conceptual execution. Ephemeral is a perceived state, it requires a sensitive person. In time of study, the search of ephemerality through tectonics of architecture lesson is sensitizing pedagogical tool. It is a foundation for architecture’s cultural and human role. In times of intertwining disciplines, architecture must keep tools for protecting its disciplinary identity and intangible, defining differences. A course unit where precise and consistent production leads to authentic if ephemeral presence is valuable tool for affirmation of Architecture’s immaterial, unmeasurable identity.
Research by Design at the Crossroads of Architecture and Visual Arts: Exploring the Epistemological Reconfigurations
Authors: Charitonidou Marianna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe paper aims to explore the potential of research by design in architecture and visual arts. The main objective of the paper is to analyze the different models and epistemological positions advanced in the academic milieus as far as doctoral research by design is concerned, to explore the differences and similarities between research by design in the field of architecture and in the field of visual arts. Even though the research by design in the fields of architecture and visual arts is focused on the production of knowledge through visual, associative, and experimental research, the models of research by design in visual arts differ from those prevailing in architectural programs. The paper focuses on a corpus of models of doctoral research by design carried out within different university programs in schools of architecture and visual arts, and various multi-university and supra-disciplinary programs (architecture and visual arts) which share the intention to develop their research projects through creative practice. Two questions to which this paper aims to respond are the following: Under which circumstances and conditions a work in the field of architecture (drawn, graphic, or con-structed) or its formulation (verbal or written) can be recognized as active in the constitution of knowledge? What are the modes of inquiry specific to architectural and artistic practices that make it possible to build knowledge that can be transmitted and shared?
Regenerating Public Housing in Italy with the Support of the Next Generation EU Fund. Lessons Learned from a Research by Design Experience
Authors: Lepratto Fabio , Miglierina Giuliana 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn Italy, the Next Generation EU instrument has made it possible to launch what could be optimistically defined as a new season for public housing after at least three decades of decreasing financial support. The PINQuA (National Innovative Program for Housing Quality) was supported with 2.8 billion euros, prompting a race among eligible public bodies to submit a proposal. Thanks to the funding, 159 projects of 271 presented were selected and are currently in the implementation phase. Quality and innovation, two concepts prominently featured in the programme’s title, encourage a sense of optimism. However, they also require critical examination to understand how the issues related to these concepts have been interpreted in terms of proposal development, evaluation, subsequent selection, and implementation. If we focus on aspects related to the culture of design, can we consider this programme an opportunity for architecture as a discipline? The research approach undertaken involved a direct participation in one of the projects: the urban regeneration of the Piazzale Visconti housing complex in Bergamo. The article reports the outcomes of a “reflection in action” [1] gained from a privileged observation point. Although referring to a single case, the research-by-design activity was an opportunity to get to the core of general issues, triggering a reflection on two complementary dimensions (1) the verification of project potential, expressed by the programme, (2) the understanding of the opportunities and certain problems intrinsic to the process.
Rethinking Architecture in the Digital Age: From Parametric Design Thinking to Philosophical Perspectives
Authors: Wu Hongye 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe are currently living in an age where the advancement of digital technologies has been rapidly progressing. Simultaneously, the digital avant-garde has been flourishing in the field of architecture for decades. The emergence of design thinking has been significant in this era, especially with the rise of parametric design thinking in contemporary discourse due to the advancements in digital technology. In this context, particular attention is given to parametric design thinking in this paper, with a specific focus on the current trend and the concept of “social performativity”. Moreover, the current tasks in architecture are more challenging in dealing with its relationship with social diversity and even conflicts. Hence, this contribution questions the positionality of architecture in multiple interactions and explores the state and impact of architecture in the digital age, considering both material and immaterial aspects. To investigate this, the study unfolds philosophical perspectives on the relationship between humans and space by expounding on several fundamental ideas from Taoism and the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. The study’s results contribute to a deeper comprehension of the relationship between humans and space, shedding light on both the potential and the complexities inherent in architecture within the realm of parametric design in the digital age.
“Self-efficacy” as a Value in Architectural Pedagogy
Authors: Akin Naime Esra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe latest research we conducted involved designing a tool to support the pin-up format, which is used to increase the effectiveness of the presenting/commenting activity as the main activity of project-expositions in architectural education. This research provided clues about the roles that students prefer to have as architects. Being a “Master” who has an extraordinary level of proficiency, skills, or performance in the information age can be stressful for students. We questioned the relationship between self-efficacy and the pin-up format, considering the students’ experiences with project-expositions. To understand the relationship between students’ social intentions, feelings, and the spatial organization during pin-up events, we monitored their emotions and thoughts about presenting their projects through a survey and some random interviews conducted over time. As the stress factor in project-expositions is directly related to the well-being of students, we focused on the emotional aspect of well-being. We were excited to learn that students expect peer-learning from pin-up activities, and that self-efficacy is an outcome of this. The survey was conducted in the Danish context during the Spring semester of 2023. The data collected can be considered informative because the 2nd year students represented a variety of nationalities and genders. This research establishes a strong foundation for asking the question, through the lens of well-being, of how pedagogical approaches in architectural education should be designed to support students in becoming either “Masters” or “self-efficacious architects.”
Means Oriented or Goals-Oriented Architectural Education
Authors: Ali Ahmed K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn a fading material culture, where societies have become far from making and only content with image approximations, architectural education, no exception, is suffering from the absence of visual, haptic, and hands-on knowledge. When pairing the knowledge of materials with its related issues of resource depletion, climate change, and waste, a new seed for teaching architecture is ready to be planted. This paper will focus on a profound distinction between two opposing design methodologies: a conventional method and an unconventional one tested in an architectural design studio environment and can be replicated, reused, and scaled to any architectural education programs worldwide. The aim of this study is to challenge the mainstream model of design in architectural education, provide a resource-based material culture, and highlight the role of design in mitigating climate change. Results shows that the understanding of the properties of materials, evaluating the economic and environmental aspects were critical to achieve the sought learning outcomes.
How to Tackle Crisis in Architectural Education? Truth or Dare
Authors: Tünür Hazal Çağlar , İnalhan Göksenin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArchitectural practice is influenced by all the dynamics of daily life, such as climate change, pandemics, political changes, economic issues, globalization, and social inequalities, so the roles and responsibilities of the architect have also changed. As a result, the practice and architecture discipline have been compressed into a narrow field, and it can be called a crisis. Some educators act more rationally and dynamically, taking structural and spatial initiatives to work out these crises on the spot by overcoming economic, political, or regulatory conjunctures like design-build studios. Nonetheless, in traditional studio practice, professionals produce intellectual content and projects based on architectural knowledge by addressing these issues in a more philosophical or political on paper. By comparing these two design studio modalities through literature and case studies, this paper will explore how an inclusive, socially engaged, anti-crisis design practice in architectural education can be addressed in the curriculum, how it can find an answer in design pedagogy, and how we can make it sustainable in the future of the discipline. This research will take these two avenues of approaching these crises and compile their potential contributions toward developing a responsive, resilient, and inclusive habitus-of-learning approach for architectural education.
Person-centred crisis support services as alternatives to emergency departments: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Postorivo Danielle , Parker Stephen , Whiteford Harvey , Papinczak Zoe , Rutherford Zoe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To identify, critically appraise, and synthesise the published and grey literature on person-centred crisis support services as an alternative to support in emergency departments (EDs) for people experiencing mental health crises. This scoping review explores the characteristics and outcomes of these services.

Methods
A systematic scoping review was undertaken to identify publications describing person-centred crisis support services and their outcomes. Search strings were applied to multiple databases, and publications were subjected to quality appraisal. The review process was informed by The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).

Results
Thirteen publications were included in the narrative synthesis, and these considered eight separate crisis support services. The methodological quality of the publications included was limited. Key findings were positive visitors’ experiences, high rates of ED deflection, and overlaps between repeat visits, crises prevention, and hospital avoidance. Key recommendations included increasing opening hours and capacity and improving service awareness and accessibility.

Conclusions
The available evidence suggests that person-centred crisis support services are perceived by stakeholders as safe and effective alternatives to EDs for people experiencing mental health crises, providing more timely and appropriate care while reducing ED mental health presentations. Due to the limited quality of the publications included, high-quality research is needed to better understand the model and confirm the findings reported in this review.
Weak convergence rates for temporal numerical approximations of the semilinear stochastic wave equation with multiplicative noise
Authors: Cox Sonja , Jentzen Arnulf , Lindner Felix 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work we establish weak convergence rates for temporal discretisations of stochastic wave equations with multiplicative noise, in particular, for the hyperbolic Anderson model. For this class of stochastic partial differential equations the weak convergence rates we obtain are indeed twice the known strong rates. To the best of our knowledge, our findings are the first in the scientific literature which provide essentially sharp weak convergence rates for temporal discretisations of stochastic wave equations with multiplicative noise. Key ideas of our proof are a sophisticated splitting of the error and applications of the recently introduced mild Itô formula. We complement our analytical findings by means of numerical simulations in Python for the decay of the weak approximation error for SPDEs for four different test functions.
Endovascular Simulator Training and Shadowing in Interventional Radiology: A Comparison of Two Teaching Methods in the Curricular Training of Medical Students
Authors: Hilleke Simon , Wiener Richard , Frisch Anne , Scheel Michael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To identify the impact of endovascular simulator training and shadowing in interventional radiology on medical students’ self-assessed IR knowledge. Moreover, the sequence of the teaching methods and its influence on the self-assessed IR knowledge is investigated.

Materials and Methods
A total of 19 fourth-year medical students participated in this study. Eleven students completed shadowing live cases first and endovascular simulator training the following day. Eight students completed the teaching in reversed order. Questionnaires were completed before and after each teaching method. The students assessed their knowledge of instruments and materials, steps of the Seldinger technique, and aortography on a Likert scale (1 = "I do not agree at all," 5 = "I fully agree").

Results
After simulator training, the students stated a significant increase in perceived knowledge compared with baseline (p < 0.001). Shadowing led to a significant improvement regarding the items “knowledge of instruments and materials” (3.2 vs. 3.8, p = 0.008) and “steps of the Seldinger technique” (3.7 vs. 3.9, p = 0.046). Self-assessed knowledge after simulator training increased significantly more regarding Seldinger technique compared with shadowing (+ 1.2 vs. + 0.2, p < 0.001). Simulator training before shadowing was significantly more effective regarding the increase in “knowledge of the steps of aortography” compared with the reverse sequence (+ 2.0 vs. + 0.9, p = 0.041).

Conclusion
Endovascular simulator training and shadowing are both feasible tools to improve medical students’ perceived knowledge of interventional radiology. When organizing teaching, simulator training before shadowing can have a positive impact on self-assessed knowledge.

Graphical Abstract
Cyanobacteria-Fungi Co-Cultures: Which Partner Contributes to Antifungal Activity?
Authors: Stirk Wendy A. , Pap Bernadett , Maróti Gergely , van Staden Johannes , Ördög Vince 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCyanobacteria synthesize secondary metabolites with antifungal activity, making them potential biopesticide agents for sustainable, eco-friendly agriculture. Programmes to identify Cyanobacterial strains with effective bioactivity generally screen strains maintained in culture collections. These strains are often monoclonal but non-axenic and this may potentially influence the bioactivity of the generated biomass. The present study investigated in vitro antifungal activity of Nostoc muscorum MACC-189 and N. linckia MACC-612 strains co-isolated with fungal co-partners and maintained in the Mosonmagyaróvár Algal Culture Collection (MACC). The fungal co-partners were isolated from the Cyanobacterial stock cultures and identified as Purpureocillium lilacinum and Sarocladium sp., respectively. The cultures were tested against seven phytopathogens. The phytopathogenic fungi were grown on potato dextrose agar plates and suspension cultures of the Cyanobacteria-fungi and isolated fungal co-partners were placed in the centre of the plate. Antifungal effects were assessed semi-quantitatively after 10 days of incubation. The Cyanobacteria-fungal co-cultures had antifungal activity against Monilinia fructigena and Aspergillus sp. with the N. muscorum/P. lilacinum culture being the most effective. The fungal isolates inhibited M. fructigena with P. lilacinum having a dose-dependent response but did not inhibit Aspergillus sp. This suggested that the antifungal effect of the Cyanobacterial cultures on M. fructigena was due to the fungal partner rather than the cyanobacterium while the antifungal effect on Aspergillus sp. was due to the cyanobacterium partner. As it was not possible to maintain living axenic N. muscorum and N. linckia cultures, this could not be conclusively confirmed. These results highlight the importance of either using axenic cultures or identifying the co-isolates when testing Cyanobacteria cultures for antifungal bioactivity.