bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure of the Disciplines and History
Authors: Meisterheim Matthew 
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this paper is to examine the phrase "structure of the disciplines," a phrase currently in vogue in educational circles. My intent is to explore the meaning or meanings of structure, with specific attention to the ramifications for history. I hope to lend some insight into answering the following questions. To what are we referring as structure of a discipline? Must every discipline have a structure? What is the educational value of structure? Lastly, what is the structure of history?
The People's Free University: Alternative to the Corporate Campus and Model for Emancipatory Learning
Authors: Collins Michael , Woodhouse Howard 
Published: September 2024

Our article describes how the People's Free University (PFU) emerged directly from a series of seminars at the University of Saskatchewan in the Fall of 2001 that addressed critical concerns about a discernible tendency on campus towards the adoption of a business corporate style of governance steered increasingly by marketplace priorities. The seminars, open to the public as well as students, staff and faculty, turned to a discussion on the significance of a "people's university" envisioned for the University of Saskatchewan by its first President, Walter Murray. Invoking Murray's vision opened the way to the remarkable beginning and subsequent creative program development of a free university. Examples of community-based adult education initiatives from which PFU drew are identified, situating it historically within an on-going critical legacy that has become even more relevant in the face of neo-liberal imperatives. The emancipatory pedagogy entailed is informed substantially through the theory and practice of Paulo Freire, Thomas Hodgskin and Alfred North Whitehead. Essential learning processes and guiding principles which characterize PFU pedagogy are illuminated under the rubric of "everyone can teach, everyone can learn." In drawing a connection between the PFU experience and resistance to attacks on academic freedom at the University of Saskatchewan, we align the enlightened aims of community-based popular education embodied in PFU against profit driven encroachments of corporate business interests.
Nutrición infantil sostenible: beneficios y desafíos de los probióticos, prebióticos y simbióticos
Authors: Argotti Zumbana Rodrigo Daniel , Robayo Poveda Domenica Monserrath , Ayuquina Lagua Marcia Margoth , Ramírez Fernández Diana Katherine , Argotti Zumbana Carlos Fabian , Pintag Fuertes Mary Mishell , Argotti Zumbana María Salome 
Published: September 2024

Introducción: Probióticos, prebióticos y simbióticos son elementos esenciales para la salud intestinal, optimizando el equilibrio microbiano y mejorando la digestión. Objetivo: Identificar el uso de probióticos, prebióticos y simbióticos en la nutrición infantil. Metodología: Revisión sistemática basada en el método PRISMA, empleando base de datos como: Pubmed, Elsevier, Cochrane Library en inglés, español y portugués entre los años 2019- 2024. Resultados: La modulación de la microbiota intestinal influye en el desarrollo inmunológico, la salud gastrointestinal y el metabolismo de los niños. Los probióticos han mostrado eficacia en el tratamiento del estreñimiento, la prevención de alergias alimentarias y el manejo de enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales y respiratorias. Los prebióticos, aunque menos estudiados de forma aislada, son efectivos en la mejora del perfil metabólico y la salud digestiva. La combinación de probióticos y prebióticos, conocida como simbióticos, emerge como una estrategia prometedora que podría maximizar los efectos terapéuticos al aprovechar la sinergia entre ambos compuestos. Conclusiones: Para determinar las dosis, cepas y combinaciones más eficaces, son esenciales ensayos clínicos exhaustivos y seguimientos a largo plazo. Los probióticos, prebióticos y simbióticos son formas seguras y eficaces de mejorar la salud infantil, posicionándolos como recursos valiosos para la prevención y el tratamiento de enfermedades.
Validasi Metode Analisa Penetapan Kadar Alkohol Dalam Obat Batuk Sirup dengan Metode Spektrofotometer Uv-Vis
Authors: Sultan Siti Fatimah , Salamah Nina , Susanti Hari 
Published: September 2024

Obat batuk sirup merupakan sediaan farmasi yang sering mengandung alkohol sebagai pelarut dan pengawet. Namun, keberadaan alkohol dalam obat dapat menimbulkan masalah keamanan dan kehalalan produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menetapkan kadar alkohol dalam obat batuk sirup menggunakan metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis dan kromatografi gas dengan detektor ionisasi nyala (GC-FID). Sampel obat batuk sirup dari berbagai merek dianalisis menggunakan kedua metode tersebut. Metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis menggunakan reaksi oksidasi alkohol dengan kalium dikromat dalam suasana asam. Validasi metode dilakukan meliputi linearitas, presisi, akurasi, batas deteksi (LOD), dan batas kuantifikasi (LOQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua metode memiliki linearitas yang baik (r > 0,99) dengan rentang konsentrasi 0,5; 1; 2; 4; 8; 16 % (v/v). Metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis menunjukkan presisi dan akurasi yang baik dengan nilai SD=0,010759492; RSD=0,049167518%; dan nilai %recovery=100,1% Sedangkan nilai LOD=1,079289 µg/mL dan LOQ=3,597629 µg/mL. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa metode spektrofotometri UV-Vis dapat digunakan sebagai metode yang valid dan saling melengkapi untuk analisis kadar alkohol dalam obat batuk sirup, memberikan informasi penting bagi produsen dan konsumen terkait keamanan dan kehalalan produk.
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Motorik Halus menggunakan Playdough melalui Teknik Latihan pada Anak di Kelompok A TK Dotinggulo Sonuo Kecamatan Bolangitang Barat, Kabupaten Bolaang Mongondow Utara
Authors: Taiya Asri 
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi masalah yang berkaitan dengan motorik halus, di kelompok A TK Dotinggulo Sonuo, yaitu; 1) kurangnya media dan alat permainan yang dapat membantu kemampuan motorik halus anak. 2) kurang optimalnya kegiatan yang menunjang kemampuan motorik halus. Dengan demikian tujuan dari penelitian ini dilakukan dengan maksud untuk meningkatkan kemampuan motorik halus anak melalui kegiatan membentuk binatang menggunakan playdough dengan teknik latihan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan model tindakan kelas Kemmis Mc Taggart. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok A berusia 5-6 tahun yang terdiri dari 10 laki-laki dan 10 perempuan. Peningkatan kemampuan motorik halus anak kelompok A TK Dotinggulo Sonuo melalui media playdough dengan teknik latihan dapat dilihat dari jumlah presentase observasi awal 59,38%, mengalami peningkatan pada siklus 1 yaitu 77,81%, dan setelah dilakukan refleksi pada siklus 2, meningkat menjadi 91,77% . Penggunaan media playdough dapat bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan motorik halus anak dengan menggunakan teknik latihan dan kegiatan membentuk yang variatif.
Pengaruh Kegiatan Show and Tell terhadap Kepercayaan Diri Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun di Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri Pembina 01 Airhaji Pesisir Selatan
Authors: Krisdayanti Lany , Mahyuddin Nenny 
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh kegiatan show and tell terhadap kepercayaan diri anak usia 5-6 tahun. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan jenis quasi experimental. Dalam penelitian ini populasinya terdiri dari seluruh anak di Taman Kanak-Kanak Negeri Pembina 01 Airhaji Pesisir Selatan dengan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 15 orang dari kelas B5 dan 15 orang dari kelas B6, sampel dipilih berdasarkan teknik purpose sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan teknik test an dokumentasi, test yang akan digunakan bersumber dari instrument penelitian yang sebelumnya sudah didiskusikan dengan validator ahli dibidangnya. kemudian data dianalisis menggunakan uji normalitas, homogenitas, uji hipotesis dan effect size. Menurut analisis data ditemukan bahwa nilai awal anak pada treatment di kelas eksperimen sebesar 22,2 dan pada penilaian akhir sebesar 31,06. Sedang pada kelas kontrol, rata-rata perolehan nilai kepercayaan diri anak pada awal sebesar 22,2 dan penilaian akhir diperoleh sebesar 27,6. Secara keseluruhan data sudah memiliki distribusi yang normal dan homogen. Berdasarkan hasil perbandingan rata-rata, didapatkan bahwa nilai signifikansinya adalah 0,002<0,05 sehingga (H1) diterima dan (Ho) ditolak. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa kegiatan show and tell berpengaruh terhadap kepercayaan diri anak usia 5-6 tahun di Taman Kanak- Kanak Negeri Pembina 01 Air Haji Pesisir Selatan.
الأطمـــــاع السعودية والإماراتية فــــي اليمـــــن
Authors: النعماني يحيى أحمد 
Published: September 2024

تقع اليمن في موقع استراتيجي، وتمتلك ثروات ضخة ذات مصادر متعددة، وهو ما جعلها محطة لمطامع كل الدول الاستعمارية، ونظراً لغياب مشروع الدولة المستقلة عن هيمنة تلك الدول، فإن موقع اليمن الجغرافي الاستراتيجي جعل منها ساحة صراع محلي ودولي ، وجعل من الجهة المسيطرة لاعباً أساسياً في المنطقة، وأعطاها القدرة لتتحكم بمدخل أحد أهم المعابر المائية في العالم. مما جعل القوى الإقليمية تسعى بكل جهدها إلى أن تجعل لها موطئ قدم في اليمن سواءً بدوافع ذاتية أو دولية لتحقيق أهداف تلك الدول. وعليه فقد هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى الإجابة عن السؤال الرئيس: ماهي أسباب المطامع السعودية والإماراتية في اليمن؟ وماهي وسائل اليمن في مواجهة تلك الأطماع؟ لذلك تم تقسيم هذه الدراسة إلى جزئين، الأول بيان ماهية أطماع السعودية والإمارات ومنطلقاتهما، والثاني بيان أسباب تلك الأطماع ووسائل المواجهة، ثم اختتم البحث بعرض أهم النتائج والتوصيات.
Notaris sebagai Salah Satu Profesi Penunjang Pasar Modal Terkait Transaksi Saham Syariah Secara Sistem Elektronik
Authors: Hajayanti Unggul , Yusuf Chandra , Santosa Irwan 
Published: September 2024

Latar Belakang: Pada era digitalisasi, perkembangan industri Pasar Modal Syariah dapat terlihat dari munculnya beberapa instrument investasi syariah, seperti saham syariah yang transaksinya menggunakan Shariah Online Trading System (SOTS) yang dikembangkan oleh emiten syariah. Bagi setiap investor perlu untuk diketahui bagaimana sebuah SOTS sebagai media transaksi telah memenuhi legalitas dari lembaga pengawas Pasar Modal Syariah disertai dengan perlunya keterlibatan Notaris pasar modal dalam transaksi saham syariah secara sistem elektronik.

Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis penerapan hukum dari proses transaksi saham syariah melalui SOTS dan peran Notaris di dalam mekanisme transaksi tersebut.
Metode: Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif dengan cara studi kepustakaan hukum yang ditujukan pada peraturan tertulis.
Hasil: Hasilnya diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman dan informasi mengenai penerapan hukum dalam transaksi saham syariah melalui SOTS emiten syariah.
Kesimpulan: Pentingnya meluruskan pemahaman bahwa kewenangan atribusi yang dimiliki Notaris sebagai profesi penunjang dalam mensertifikasi transaksi saham syariah secara elektronik (cyber notary) bukan menerbitkan sertifikat elektronik melainkan sebagai otoritas pendaftaran permohonan sertifikat elektronik melalui proses verifikasi identitas pemohon dan autentikasi kontrak elektronik dan/atau dokumen elektronik sebagai bukti transaksi bagi pihak yang ingin berinvestasi saham syariah secara elektronik.
Histopathologic Analysis of Gastrointestinal Tract Polypoidal Lesions in a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Chalise Sanat , Hirachan Suspana , Pradhan Sailesh 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Gastrointestinal tract polyps lesions are commonly encountered lesions in histopathological examination. It is necessary to examine these polyps and to determine its nature for the management of patient.
MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was done in the Pathology Department of Kathmandu Medical College from January 2023 to July 2023 after obtaining ethical clearance. The study included all gastrointestinal tract polyps or polypoidal lesions identified endoscopically or colonoscopically, biopsied, and received for histopathological analysis.
ResultsAmong 96 polyps examined, 58 (60.4%) were seen in males and 38 (39.6%) were seen in female. The age of the patients ranged from 15 to 89 years, with a mean age of 45 years. Most of the polypoidal lesions were less than 1 cm in size (76 cases, 79.1%). Colon (54 cases, 56.2%) was the most common site followed by the stomach (22 cases, 23.0%). Of the polypoidal lesions, 66(68.8%) were non-neoplastic polyps, while 30(31.2%) were neoplastic. Tubular adenoma with low-grade dysplasia was the most common polyp identified in the colon (17 cases, 17.8%). Hyperplastic polyps were the most common type overall (19 cases, 19.8%), stomach being the most frequent site (13 cases, 13.6%).
ConclusionA wide range of histological types of polypoidal lesions were found in the gastrointestinal tract. The most frequent occurrence was in the colon, and the majority were non-neoplastic in nature.
Clinico-Radiological Presentation and Outcome of Brain Abscess in Congenital Cyanotic Heart Disease
Authors: Sedain Gopal , Bohara Sandeep , Shrestha Dipendra Kumar , Pradhanang Amit Bahadur , Shilpakar Sushil Krishna , Sharma Mohan Raj 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease (CCHD) are at increased risk of developing brain abscesses. Having a brain abscess is itself a risk for the patient and concomitant cyanotic heart disease makes it a double jeopardy. The management of brain abscesses depends on the size, number, stage, and location of the abscess and can be medical and surgical.
MethodsThis retrospective chart review was conducted at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal of patients treated between January 2018 and December 2022. Demographic and clinical profiles, imaging studies, treatment modalities, and outcomes were analyzed.
ResultsOut of 17 patients, 11 were males and six were females. The mean age of the study population was 13.41±11.08 years. The most common associated cardiac problem was Tetralogy of Fallot seen in six (35.3%) patients and the most common abscess site was the parietal lobe (38%). The most common presenting symptom was vomiting, seen in 76%. Twelve patients underwent burr hole and aspiration and 17.6% of patients underwent surgical excision of the abscess wall whereas 11.7% of the patients were managed conservatively. Positive culture was seen in 33.3%. S. aureus was the most common organism grown. There was no mortality.
ConclusionMajority of patients were male with Tetralogy of Fallot as the most common associated congenital cardiac condition. Most of the patients were managed with Burr hole and abscess aspiration with re-aspiration in three patients. Suspicion of brain abscess should be high in patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease.
Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Cancer Patients
Authors: Neupane Suchita , Gautam Roshani , Sharma Sujan , Shrestha Lava 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is common among cancer patients with the hope to manage symptoms arising from the cancer related treatment or to improve the quality of life. In this study, we aimed to describe various CAM practices among cancer patients.
MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital. Convenient sampling technique was used to select the participants. Data was collected from cancer patients attending in out-patient department of Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital with a structured questionnaire. The collected data and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.
ResultsThe use of CAM was found in 40.7% (37/91) of the studied cancer patients. Among them, Ayurveda 18 (56.2%) was the most common type of CAM used. Among CAM users, the most common reason for using CAM was to reduce side effects of cancer related treatment (22, 59.4%). The majority of the respondents 33 (89.1%) were satisfied with CAM use. Only 14 (37.8%) of respondents consulted with their doctor about the initiation of CAM use. Gynecological cancer 38 (41.7%) was the most common site of cancer seen among the respondents followed by respiratory 18 (19.7%) and gastro-intestinal 17 (18.6%) respectively. Twenty eight (30.8%) of the respondents were in the third stage of cancer.
ConclusionLess than half of the cancer patients were using CAM, Ayurvedic medicine being the most common form. Majority of the users were satisfied with CAM use. Further studies on potential risk and benefits associated with CAM therapy is needed as its use has been increasing.
Clinical Profile of Leprosy in Post-elimination Era in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Gurung Tsering Dolma , Chapagain Laxman , Paudel Upama 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Leprosy is a chronic disease that primarily affects peripheral nerves and skin. It has a long incubation period and clinical presentations are variable leading to deformities and social stigma. Leprosy was eliminated in Nepal in 2010 AD. This study was undertaken to determine the demographic and clinical profile of Leprosy in the past three years.
MethodsA retrospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital. Records of all the newly diagnosed leprosy patients attending the Out-Patient Department from April 2021 to March 2023 were reviewed retrospectively and analyzed.
ResultsThere were 109 newly diagnosed leprosy cases among which majority were males. The maximum clinical diagnosis was lepromatous leprosy and 100 (91.74%) cases were multibacillary. Type 1 lepra reaction was seen in 11 (10.09%) patients and 12 (11%) patients had type 2 lepra reaction. Slit skin smear was positive in 75 (68.80%) patients. On clinical examination, peripheral nerves were palpable in 92 (84.4%) patients with ulnar nerve being the most common palpable peripheral nerve. Type 1 deformity was present in 55 (50.45%) patients and 18 (16.51%) patients had type 2 deformity. Claw hand was the most common type 2 deformity observed.
ConclusionThough leprosy has been eliminated in Nepal, there are still considerable cases of Leprosy. Higher number of cases with multibacillary disease and increasing number of Lepra reaction is an alarming sign.
Phytochemical Content, Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Gymnema inodorum Extracts
Authors: Phanjaroen Titi , Haideri Muhammad Hassnain , Khiaolaongam Wiritphon , Somsak Voravuth , Boonyapranai Kongsak , Ounjaijean Sakaewan 
Published: September 2024

The prevention of hyperglycemia and diabetic complications is essential for diabetes management. Chronic hyperglycemia accelerates the glycation process, increasing advanced glycation end products (AGEs), triggering oxidative stress, and inflammation, thereby causing adverse diabetic complications. Anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant properties are described for Gynostemma pentaphyllum (GP) and Gymnema inodorum (GI). With the hypothesis that combined therapy may exert better benefits compared to monotherapy, this study aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities of combined GP and GI formulas. Plants were extracted with hot water extraction and subjected to testing of anti-α-glucosidase and antioxidant activities, as well as total phenolic content. The extract formula of GP:GI (1:1, w/w) exhibited the highest total phenolic content, and ABTS radical scavenging activity, with values of 4.16 ± 0.21 mg GAE/g extract and 5.06 ± 0.46 mg TE/g extract, respectively. In addition, the combination of GP and GI extracts at ratios of (1:1, w/w) and (2:1, w/w) demonstrated inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase, reducing its activity by 30.40% and 34.04%, respectively. This property was found to be higher, compared to the activity of a single GP or GI treatment at the same concentration. Thus, results indicated that combining aqueous extracts from Gynostemma pentaphyllum and Gymnema inodorum has better antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties. This study supports the use of a combined GP:GI formula as a therapeutic remedy for controlling complications in individuals with hyperglycemia.
Leader Attention to Information and Sustainability Performance
Authors: Muhammad-Jamil Che-Zuriana , Ishak Rokiah , Che-Adam Noriah , Abd-Mutalib Hafizah , Mohamed Rapiah 
Published: September 2024

In contemporary business practice, sustainability has emerged as a focal point for understanding value creation. This study examines how leader attention influences sustainability performance. Specifically, it investigates two dimensions of leader attention: search intensity, which pertains to the depth and thoroughness of exploration, and search selection, which involves the criteria used to prioritize sustainability issues. This study employed a quantitative approach utilizing a survey methodology. Data collection of 30 SMEs was conducted through a postal survey, targeting the Malaysian service sector listed in the directory of the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM). Data is analyzed using PLS-SEM to investigate perceptions regarding leader attention towards corporate sustainability performance. Employing the ABV theory, the findings indicate that search intensity positively impacts both corporate financial and non-financial performance, highlighting the importance of comprehensive information-gathering and analysis processes. However, the study does not find a significant relationship between search selection and financial performance, suggesting a limited impact of specific information search strategies. These results underscore the pivotal role of leader attention in shaping organizational sustainability performance. The study contributes to understanding how leader attention enhances sustainability and provides valuable insights for organizations. Despite its contributions, future research could explore mechanisms through which search intensity influences financial outcomes and consider moderating factors across industries and regions. In conclusion, this research emphasizes the importance of data-driven decision-making and comprehensive information search processes for corporate financial and non-financial performance in today's information-rich environment.