bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Duration Local Anesthesia Using Liposomal Bupivacaine Combined With Liposomal Dexamethasone and Dexmedetomidine
Authors: Rwei Alina Y. , Sherburne Robert T. , Zurakowski David , Wang Bruce , Kohane Daniel S. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND:
The relatively short duration of effect of local anesthetics has been addressed by encapsulation in drug delivery systems. Codelivery with a single compound that produces an adjuvant effect on nerve block but without intrinsic local anesthetic properties can further prolong the nerve block effect. Here, we investigated whether codelivery of more than 1 encapsulated adjuvant compound can further enhance nerve blockade.

METHODS:
Liposomes loaded with bupivacaine (Bup), dexamethasone phosphate (DexP), or dexmedetomidine (DMED) were synthesized and its in vitro drug release profiles were determined. Animals (Sprague-Dawley rats) were injected with liposomal Bup (Lipo-Bup) and adjuvants at the sciatic nerve and underwent a modified hot plate test to assess the degree of nerve block. The duration of block was monitored and the tissue reaction was assessed.

RESULTS:
Coinjection of Lipo-Bup with liposomal DexP (Lipo-DexP) and liposomal DMED (Lipo-DMED) prolonged the duration of sciatic nerve block 2.9-fold compared to Lipo-Bup alone (95% confidence interval, 1.9- to 3.9-fold). The duration of the block using this combination was significantly increased to 16.2 ± 3.5 hours compared to Lipo-Bup with a single liposomal adjuvant (8.7 ± 2.4 hours with Lipo-DMED, P = .006 and 9.9 ± 5.9 hours with Lipo-DexP, P = .008). The coinjection of Lipo-Bup with liposomal adjuvants decreased tissue inflammation (P = .014) but did not have a significant effect on myotoxicity when compared to Lipo-Bup alone. Coinjection of Lipo-Bup with unencapsulated adjuvants prolonged the duration of nerve block as well (25.0 ± 6.3 hours; P < .001) however was accompanied by systemic side effects.

CONCLUSIONS:
Codelivery of Lipo-DexP and Lipo-DMED enhanced the efficacy of Lipo-Bup. This benefit was also seen with codelivery of both adjuvant molecules in the unencapsulated state, but with marked systemic toxicity.
Persistent ventricular bigeminy during anesthesia in pediatric patients: a case report of an 11-year-old child
Authors: Dalal Sheetal , Chaudhari Vikas 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
An 11-year-old male child with fractures in both bones in his left forearm presented for open reduction and internal fixation. The pre-anesthetic check-up and investigations did not reveal any pre-existing underlying cardio-respiratory disease. The patient had an uneventful peri-operative period during the operation and was comfortable without any anxiety or restlessness. After an uneventful induction and intubation as per routine protocol, the patient received 600 mg of amoxicillin+clavunate intravenously as an antibiotic. After 3 min, the patient developed persistent ventricular bigeminy with intermittent sinus rhythm, which returned to normal after 20 min. Open reduction and internal fixation of the fractures in both bones were done. Extubation and the post-op course were uneventful. To rule out the cause of arrhythmia, ECG, 2D-ECHO and serum electrolyte evaluation were done, however the results came back as normal. Many days later, the patient fell again on the same arm and revisited the ortho operation theatre for revision surgery. As the child was very cooperative and calm, he was given a supraclavicular block after proper counseling. Thirty minutes before tourniquet inflation as a routine method, 600 mg of amoxicillin+clavunate was administered. After 5 min, the patient developed persistent ventricular bigeminy. After 1 h, the child complained of chest pain and had redness of eyes and was restless. This was managed with 100% oxygen and an injection of 150 mg amiodarone intravenously. Surgery was postponed for further stabilization and optimization. Serum electrolytes were normal. The child was observed in the surgical intensive care unit with continuous ECG monitoring. Ventricular bigeminy with intermittent sinus rhythm persisted for 3 days. This was managed with metoprolol 12.5 mg BD and amiodarone 100 mg OD tablets. The opinion of a pediatric cardiologist was obtained and repeated 2D-ECHO results revealed no abnormality. After 5 days, the patient was discharged and surgery was rescheduled for 2 weeks later with continuation of metaprolol and amiodarone tablets. On the fourth occasion we avoided the injection of amoxicillin+clavunate and all anesthetic drugs, which might contribute to cardiac arrhythmia. The peri-operative period was uneventful. An in-depth discussion of the case and ventricular dysrhythmias in the pediatric population is emphasized in this case report.
Some new inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for s-convex functions with applications
Authors: Khan Muhammad Adil , Chu Yuming , Khan Tahir Ullah , Khan Jamroz 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we present several new and generalized Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for s-convex as well as s-concave functions via classical and Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals. As applications, we provide new error estimations for the trapezoidal formula.
Tax on Traded Goods, and Corrupt Non-traded Goods Sector: Implications for Intermediation Activities
Authors: Mandal Biswajit 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This paper uses a Heckscher-Ohlin nugget framework with both traded and non-traded goods. Traded goods are subject to tax whereas non-traded good does not pay tax but is beset with corruption related intermediation. Our motive is to investigate the comparison of the effects of corruption and tax cut. We assume only the non-traded sector to be corruption affected. We argue that a fall in the degree of corruption surprisingly increases the number of intermediators while tax change has no effect on it. But the size of the intermediation activities expands in both the cases. Low corruption diminishes the exportable production and raises importable production while a tax cut does not have any such effect. The welfare implication is ambiguous in case of a decrease in cost of corruption. A tax cut, however, raises welfare unambiguously.
Slovenia’s State Institutions in the Grip of Democratic Political Culture and the Media (The Telecom Case)
Authors: Kalin Golob Monika , Grizold Anton 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper analyses the systemic framework of the operation of the Intelligence and Security Service – ISS, and the parliamentary supervision of its operations. It takes as its focus a case that occurred last year and was related to the Defence Minister’s commissioning of working materials from the Service on the effects that the privatization of the national telecommunications provider – Telekom Slovenije would have on the operation of the Service in the light of Slovenia’s defence interests. This work also presents a linguostylistic analysis of the media reports covering this case. The findings show that while after 25 years as an independent state Slovenia has established the institutional framework for the operation of the ISS and regulated parliamentary supervision of its work, it has not as yet managed to achieve the harmonized operation of all state policies in the field of national security. Rather than contributing to the solution of certain dilemmas regarding the legal, political and professional aspects of the operation of this civil intelligence and security service in the context of Slovenian national defence, the media reporting used a selection of foregrounded (marked) linguistic means in headlines to characterize the event as a scandal, and designate the ISS as a military intelligence service.
Effects of Judo Training on Bones: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ciaccioni Simone , Condello Giancarlo , Guidotti Flavia , Capranica Laura 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Ciaccioni, S, Condello, G, Guidotti, F, and Capranica, L. Effects of judo training on bones: a systematic literature review. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2882–2896, 2019—The aim of this study was to provide a systematic literature review on the osteogenic effects of judo (PROSPERO: CRD42016041803). The online search was conducted according to the inclusion criteria: observational studies and clinical/interventional trials in English from inception to June 2016; bone health, bone mineral density (BMD), diameters, impact force, and bone turnover marker (BTM) outcomes. Thirty-four studies were included and graded for their methodological quality (“fair” quality: 79.4%). The most used assessment method (44.1%) was X-ray absorptiometry. A positive association between judo and bone health/status emerged. Findings support site-specific BMD accrual in children, adolescents, adult athletes, and in premenopausal and postmenopausal female practitioners. Bone turnover markers revealed a hypermetabolic status in high-level judo athletes. The osteogenic stimuli of judo seem to protect athletes from alterations in bone metabolic balance due to weight loss cycling. Sexual dimorphism was found between judoka in bone diameters and mass, and significant differences in bone breadths emerged between elite and nonelite judokas. The fall techniques reduced bone impact force and velocity with respect to “natural” fall. Further longitudinal, cross-sectional, and interventional researches are required. This article provides useful information on bone for health sport scientists, coaches, and practitioners, stimulating future research lines on judo. In particular, coaches and physical trainers should consider introducing judo fall techniques in their training plans to prevent fall-related injuries, especially relevant in the older population. Conversely, coaches are urged to carefully control weight cycling dietary habits of their athletes, which can produce serious metabolic responses on bones.
Development of Anaerobic Fitness in Top-Level Competitive Youth Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Leiter Jeff R. , Cordingley Dean M. , MacDonald Peter B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Leiter, JR, Cordingley, DM, and MacDonald, PB. Development of anaerobic fitness in top-level competitive youth ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2612–2615, 2018—Ice hockey is a physiologically complex sport involving both the anaerobic and aerobic energy systems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the anaerobic power output (PO) of top-level competitive youth hockey players. It was hypothesized that with each successive increase in age, there would be an associated change in anaerobic PO. Two hundred and fifty-one male hockey players between the ages of 13–17 years participated in this study. All athletes completed a 30-second Wingate test as part of a preseason physiological and fitness combine. A 1-way analysis of variance was performed to compare peak PO (POpeak), average PO (POavg), and fatigue index between all age groups. A Tukey's post hoc test was used to determine changes in immediately successive age groups for all variables. Age categories were grouped as 13 years old (yrs) (n = 72), 14 yrs (n = 68), 15 yrs (57) and 16 yrs (n = 54, including 11 athletes 17 yrs). Absolute POpeak significantly increased with all age increases. Relative POpeak, absolute POavg, and relative POavg increased between the ages of 13 and 14 years, and 14 and 15 years, but not between the ages 15 and 16 years. There were no changes in fatigue index between any successive age groups. Anaerobic PO increases with an increase in age with no associated change in fatigue index. Athletes, coaches, and parents can use this normative data to help prepare the player for upcoming seasons in which there may be an increase in level or age class.
Representaciones sociales sobre la crisis ambiental de profesores de química en formación inicial de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
Authors: Porras Contreras Yair Alexánder 
Published: December 2017

El propósito del presente artículo se centra en el reconocimiento de las representaciones sociales de la crisis ambiental, que circulan en un grupo de profesores en formación inicial de la Licenciatura en Química de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional de Colombia (upn), tomando como referente el enfoque estructural de la representación social, cuya orientación metodológica se apoya en los análisis de carácter prototípico y categorial, sustentados por la técnica de evocación de palabras, con la cual se estudia la importancia que las personas atribuyen a la crisis ambiental, según la frecuencia y rango con los cuales se evocan los términos, aspecto fundamental para reconocer el núcleo central de la representación social y su sistema periférico. Para la mayoría de docentes en formación, la crisis ambiental está vinculada a los imaginarios, los valores culturales compartidos, los aprendizajes y las prácticas sociales, que definen el comportamiento, la comprensión y las relaciones entre los seres humanos y el entorno. En la presente investigación se reconocen cinco dominios o categorías sobre la crisis ambiental: materialista, ético-moral, sociocultural, educativo, científico-tecnológico, los cuales reafirman el carácter polisémico, multicultural y pluriparadigmático en el que se construyen percepciones, ideas, creencias, concepciones y representaciones de la realidad ambiental, fundamentales para iniciar una discusión sobre los conocimientos ambientales que se construyen en la universidad, junto con la praxis pedagógica que orienta las propuestas de formación de profesores enfocadas al desarrollo de una ciudadanía ambiental. La crisis ambiental se relaciona directamente con la crisis de la identidad y con ella el incremento de problemáticas asociadas con el deterioro de la autoimagen, el autocuidado, la autoestima y la carencia de valores ambientales. Es también una crisis de la alteridad, que se refleja en la opresión, la falta de libertad, la poca solidaridad, la vulnerabilidad social, el racismo ambiental, la corrupción y las amenazas contra la salud. Es una crisis del territorio, que se evidencia con la pérdida de ese espacio donde se construye la relación social, situación que promueve la injusticia ambiental, la migración y la pobreza. La suma de estos desequilibrios afecta el ambiente, nuestro oikos, un sistema dinámico y complejo, que establece relaciones rizomáticas entre sus componentes (biofísicos, sociales y culturales). De esta manera, podríamos concluir que la crisis ambiental es una construcción social que involucra la identidad, la alteridad, la territorialidad y, particularmente, la formación del sujeto ecosocial, lo cual la constituye como uno de los riesgos más importantes a los que se ve enfrentada la humanidad, convirtiéndose en una crisis de civilización.
Pensamiento, palabra, acción y territorio: Perspectivas y desafíos para el abordaje de cuestiones ambientales y territoriales, con pobladores de la cuenca del bajo río Caquetá-Colombia
Authors: Bravo Osorio Leidy Marcela 
Published: December 2017

Se presentan los resultados de un trabajo de investigación realizado con pobladores del margen izquierdo de la cuenca del bajo río Caquetá (cbrc), cuyo propósito central es precisar la relación entre los discursos y prácticas relacionados con el ambiente por parte de los pobladores y los discursos que se identifican, en el marco de la implementación del proyecto “Ecología participativa para el manejo integral de humedales y el recurso pesquero de la cuenca del río Caquetá (Amazonia colombiana)”, aportando a los debates en relación con los procesos de constitución territorial característicos de esta zona del país. Es una investigación de carácter cualitativo, que utiliza técnicas y herramientas del método etnográfico como el diario de campo, la observación participante, entrevista no dirigida, registro visual e identificación de actores sociales, para poner en diálogo las formas de comprensión del ambiente de los distintos actores identificados en la zona. Este trabajo busca ser un elemento de discusión para la población y organizaciones gubernamentales y no gubernamentales, interesadas en cuestiones como el ordenamiento territorial, manejo adecuado de recursos y del ambiente, recuperación de conocimientos tradicionales y procesos educativos. Además, pretende generar reflexiones en relación a esos otros escenarios en los cuales, como licenciados en Biología de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, se hace presencia. Dentro de los resultados se encuentra que, en el panorama actual de los departamentos del Amazonas y Vaupés, se superponen las formas de relación con el ambiente y el territorio de los indígenas y de los blancos de fuera, esto genera desorden en el manejo del territorio y origina una falta de espacios reales de respeto y convivencia, que hagan posible un intercambio cultural para construir conjuntamente el territorio que ambas partes necesitan y desean. Resaltando la idea de que, un verdadero ordenamiento territorial y ambiental, solo puede provenir de un proceso adelantado por la gente que habita el territorio y que tiene los conocimientos para vivir ahí. Las tensiones se hacen evidentes cuando se concibe, de manera nominal, la participación de las comunidades del lugar en la toma de decisiones que afectan directamente sus vidas. Siguen quedando cuestionamientos como: ¿Sus puntos de vista realmente son escuchados? ¿Será que se tienen en cuenta a la hora de, por ejemplo, realizar los mapas de los resguardos? Si es así, ¿por qué se presentan límites geográficos? ¿Por qué hay necesidad de zonificar sus territorios, cuando históricamente los han habitado de otras formas, permitiendo la recreación de la vida y lo vivo?
El problema de la teleología y la metáfora del diseño en biología: cuestiones epistemológicas e implicancias didácticas
Authors: González Galli Leonardo 
Published: December 2017

La existencia y resistencia de muchas concepciones alternativas de los estudiantesse reconoce como uno de los principales problemas en la enseñanza de lateoría de la evolución. Estas concepciones suponen frecuentemente razonamientosteleológicos. De acuerdo con la perspectiva más difundida sobre esteproblema, la teleología no ocupa un lugar legítimo en la biología y, sobre estabase, se propone como objetivo didáctico la modificación y el reemplazo, esdecir, la eliminación de las concepciones teleológicas de los estudiantes. Esteha sido el supuesto básico sobre el que se han elaborado y probado numerosaspropuestas de aprendizaje por cambio conceptual cuyos resultados han sidomás bien limitados. En este trabajo cuestionamos las bases epistemológicas deesta “perspectiva tradicional”, proponemos un enfoque alternativo y ofrecemosalgunos lineamientos para el tratamiento didáctico de este problema. Sugerimosque el lenguaje teleológico en la biología puede entenderse como unaexpresión de la metáfora del diseño. Dicha metáfora es adecuada porque losseres vivos parecen diseñados en virtud de su carácter adaptativo que, a su vez,se explica por ser producto de la selección natural. Sostenemos, además, quela explicación darwiniana de la adaptación es teleológica, entre otras razonesporque supone apelar necesariamente a la metáfora del diseño. Discutimosel rol de las metáforas y analogías en la enseñanza de la ciencia y en el desarrollode la ciencia misma para concluir que las metáforas son parte de lacreación científica y de sus productos, las teorías científicas. Sobre estas basessugerimos un trabajo didáctico centrado en el análisis explícito de la metáforadel diseño por parte de los estudiantes. En esta propuesta el foco está puestoen el desarrollo de las capacidades metacognitivas de los estudiantes, de modo que comprendan en qué consiste la metáfora del diseño, puedan reconocerla y puedan regularsu uso. Creemos que dado el estatus problemático de la teleología en la biología y el consensosobre el rol constitutivo y funcional en la cognición humana de este tipo de razonamientos el objetivode que los estudiantes los abandonen no es realista ni deseable. El enfoque propuesto tieneotras virtudes, tales como aportar a la construcción por parte de los estudiantes de una imagen deciencia más adecuada a partir del aprendizaje en relación con el rol de las metáforas en la ciencia.
OCIO EN EL MODELO LABORAL OPERARIO COLOMBIANO
Authors: Reyes Rivera Mabir Lubieth 
Published: December 2017

Este artículo presenta un recorrido histórico que comienza con el surgimiento de la época reconocida como Revolución Industrial y su influencia en las luchas obreras que a través del tiempo marcaron,de alguna manera, la percepción del trabajo tanto por parte de los trabajadores como de los mismos dueños de las fábricas, y luego esta en el contexto de la vida de los trabajadores colombianos a comienzos del siglo xx. Culminando este recorrido se busca encontrar el vínculo del trabajo y del ocio con la población trabajadora colombiana que se ve envuelta en una historia de resistencia sindical y transformación educativa que, sin duda, influye en el reconocimiento que esta población tiene en la actualidad de estos dos actos, llegando a una serie de confrontaciones finales que resultan en interrogantes e invitan a la reflexión.
The effect of 8 weeks of Circuit Resistance Training on metabolic syndrome risk factors and body composition in women over age 50 with diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Azarmehr Seyede Amene , Esmaelzadeh toloee Mohammadreza , Akbari Esmail 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Introduction: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) increased significantly in the last three decades, and effective strategies to manage and prevent this disease are urgently needed. Physical activity and exercise training is an effective way for metabolic syndrome risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. However, the effects of Circuit Resistance Training (CRT) program on patients T2DM are unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigation the effect of 8 weeks of Circuit resistance training (CRT) on metabolic syndrome and body composition in women over age 50 with T2DM.
Methods: Twenty women over 50 years old with diabetes Referred to diabetes Center of 17 Shahrivar hospital in Amol and they were divided randomly into two groups; Circuit resistance (n=10) and Control (n=10).
Resistance training consisted of 10 stations for 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week (Intensity 60-80% 1RM). Levels of Lipid profile and body composition before and after eight weeks training in both groups were measured. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out by SPSS (v. 22).
Results Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) levels (P=0.021), Triglycerides (0.010), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.042), significant decreased in CRT. Also after 8 weeks circuit resistance training, BMI (P= 0.003), WHR (P=0.004) and body fat present (0.019) significant decreased in CRT.
Conclusion: According to our results, CRT was an effective approach to improve the Anthropometrics, FBS, lipid profile in women over age 50 with diabetes mellitus type 2. Moreover, CRT did have influence on LDL level.
Keywords: Circuit resistance training, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, body composition
Acompanhamento de gestantes: nível de informação e influências de familiares, amigos e da mídia para a decisão do tipo de parto
Authors: Silva Heslley Machado , Ribeiro Camila Danielle , Costa Angélica Rodrigues 
Published: December 2017

Para perceber o nível de informação e detectar as influências de familiares, amigos e mídia para a decisão do tipo de parto, realizaram­se entrevistas quinzenais com dez gestantes durante período intermediário do acompanhamento pré­natal. Os resultados evidenciaram que, quanto ao nível de informação, as gestantes apresentaram situações díspares, com gestantes considerando­se devidamente informadas e outras não. No que se refere às influências, tanto a família e o seu meio social quanto a mídia, especialmente a local, revelaram­se importantes no processo de tomada de decisão. Conclui­-se que ocorre uma fragilidade na transmissão da informação, gerando uma aparente insegurança na tomada de decisão. Também se deduziu que é preciso difundir a informação adequada via mídia, que abarque a sociedade como um todo, especialmente a família, pelo grau de influência sobre as gestantes detectado nesses agentes.