bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of childhood hypertension and pre-hypertension in school going children of Bangalore rural district: a cross sectional study
Authors: Sabapathy Sarala , B. A. Nagaraju , C. N. Bhanuprakash 
Published: August 2017

Background: Childhood hypertension is one of the rising public health problems. Childhood hypertension may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to find the prevalence of childhood hypertension and pre-hypertension in school going children of Bangalore Rural District.Methods: A cross sectional study conducted between July 2015 to January 2016 in Bangalore Rural District. Total of 1024 school children aged between 6 to 16 years were examined. Both private and government school children were examined during the study. Anthropometric measurements like Weight, Height, BMI and Blood Pressure were measured for each child. Then children were categorized as hypertensive or pre-hypertensive based on Fourth Task force report and into obese or overweight based on WHO BMI charts.Results: Prevalence of hypertension was 2.7% and pre-hypertension is 3.2%. In government school children 1.7% were hypertensive and 0.8% were pre-hypertensive. In private school children 3.5% were hypertensive and 5.1% were pre-hypertensive. Among children with hypertension 39% children were obese and 50% were overweight.Conclusions: Childhood hypertension is prevalent in both government and private schools, with high prevalence in private schools. Blood pressure measurement should be made mandatory in all school children.
High dose, short course prednisolone for acute idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children
Authors: Jayaraman Aparna , Das Sarthak , Biswal Niranjan , G. Dillikumar C. , Bade Bhavna Ashok 
Published: August 2017

Background: Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a relatively benign and self-limiting condition. Though its dramatic presentation with skin or mucosal bleeds could be worrisome, the incidence of serious bleeding like intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is relatively low (<1%) occurs at a very low count of <20,000 /mm3. The aim of the study was to compare a high dose, short course prednisolone with conventional Prednisolone therapy in the treatment of acute ITP of childhood.Methods: 20 cases and 18 retrospective controls with acute ITP were enrolled. The study group received 5mg/kg/day of oral prednisolone for four days. All the controls had received 2mg/kg/day of oral prednisolone for 14 days, tapered and stopped over the third week.Results: The study group was found to have significant decrease in clinical bleeding, (p=0.02), and significant increase in platelet count by day 3 of treatment (p=0.03) but no significant difference in platelet counts on day 7 of treatment (p=0.07) when compared with the control group.Conclusions: We conclude that the high dose short course oral prednisolone is significantly better than the conventional regimen in reducing clinically significant bleeding and raising the platelet count to safe levels within first 72 hours of therapy.
Infant feeding practices and risk of occurrence of diarrheal and respiratory infections in infancy-a hospital based study
Authors: Sharma Rakesh , Sood Arvind , Niar Priyanka 
Published: August 2017

Background: Breastfeeding is the most cost-effective intervention for protecting children against various childhood morbidities. Suboptimal breastfeeding has been linked with numerous adverse child health outcomes including increased incidence of diarrheal disease and pneumonia.Methods: A sample of 360 infants was surveyed during the period of one year (2013-2014). The socio-demographic characteristics and feeding modes were collected from the parents of the children during the interview.Results: A total of 228 (63.3%) were suffering from acute gastroenteritis and 132 (37.7%) were suffering from pneumonia. The risk of diarrhea and pneumonia was higher and statistically significant in partially breastfed and non- exclusive breast fed as compared to exclusive breast fed. Infants who were bottle fed had higher risk of morbidity. Infants who were breast fed for longer duration (more than 4 months) has lesser risk of morbidity as compare to counterparts who were fed for lesser duration.Conclusions: These results indicate that promoting exclusive breastfeeding will play an important role in reducing the risk of infantile diarrhoea and pneumonia. This observation is important given the growing concern of the modern society wherein breastfeeding is on the decline.
Study of clinical and radiological profile of children with neurocysticercosis
Authors: Pandit Manjunath Suresh , Sharma Jagadish Narayan , Choudary Anita , Vijay Priti 
Published: August 2017

Background: To study the clinical and radiological profile of children with Neurocysticercosis Hospital based, Observational study conducted in SPMCHI, Jaipur from June 2015 to June 2016.Methods: 50 children diagnosed of neurocysticercosis based on clinical features and findings on magnetic resonance imaging with contrast were enrolled while excluding the other common causes of granuloma.Results: A total of 50 children completed this study. Mean age of the presentation was 8.68±2.133 (5 to 16) years, with an M: F of 0.92:1. Overall patients presented with generalized seizure in 76%, focal in 16%, headache±vomiting in 6%, focal neurodeficit in 2% and combination of symptoms in 60.5% cases. MRI brain showed a solitary lesion in 45 (90%) and multiple in 5 (10 %). At presentation lesions were vesicular in 46 %, nodular calcified in 16 %, granular nodular in 10 %, colloidal vesicular in 6% and mixed in 6%. One child presented with a starry sky appearance.Conclusions: Neurocysticercosis usually affects young persons, youngest age of presentation 5 years, was found more common among vegetarians. Most common clinical manifestation is seizures. Single lesion is more common than multiple lesions, commonly presenting in vesicular stage. NCC should be considered first in the differential diagnosis of new-onset seizure among the children of developing countries, where taeniasis is endemic.
Knowledge on rotavirus and pneumococcal vaccines among mothers of under five children
Authors: Muppidathi Subbiah , Boj Jenitha , Deivanayagam Saminathan 
Published: August 2017

Background: Childhood vaccines are one of the great triumphs of modern medicine. They are undoubtedly the most cost-effective healthcare interventions. Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding the vaccines administered under the National Immunization Programme have been studied in different settings; however, studies regarding Rota virus and Pneumococcal vaccines in India are scarce. The Objective of the study was to assess the mothers’ knowledge on Rota virus and Pneumococcal vaccines and to identify the reasons for non-administration of these vaccines.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted in pediatric immunization clinic of Chennai Medical College Hospital and Research Centre from February to April 2017. About 380 parents were interviewed with a preformed structured questionnaire.Results: Of 380 respondents, 130 (34.2%) mothers were aware about Rotavirus vaccine and 148 (39%) about Pneumococcal vaccine. Awareness for these vaccines was seen high among middle and upper socio-economic group mothers. Among the mothers who were aware about these vaccines, the major source of information was doctors followed by health workers and media. Of 380 respondents only 66 (17%) mothers had administered Rotavirus vaccine and 75 (19.7%) had administered Pneumococcal vaccine. The reason for not administering these vaccines was lack of awareness. 274 (87.2%) mothers were not aware about Rotavirus vaccine and 261 (85.6%) mothers were not aware about pneumococcal vaccine.Conclusions: Present study found that most of the mothers were not aware about these live saving vaccines and they need to be educated about these vaccines through health workers or intense campaigning by using mass media.
Serum vitamin D concentration in acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants: a case control study from Northern India
Authors: Ahmed Parvez , Bhat Javeed Iqbal , Chaman Shilakha , Ahangar Ambreen Ali 
Published: August 2017

Background: Vitamin D insufficiency is believed to be the most common nutritional deficiency and one of the most undiagnosed medical conditions in this region. People across the world are becoming increasingly aware of the role played by vitamin D in health and disease, especially its role in immunity and its anti-infective role. The present study was conducted to study the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and severity of respiratory tract infections. To study the relation between serum vitamin D levels and severity of acute respiratory tract infections.Methods: 1-year prospective study from September 2014 to August 2015. Children from 1 month to 1 year of age participated in the study. Serum Vitamin D levels were measured in case group suffering from severe acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI) and in a control group. The primary outcome variable was difference in serum vitamin D levels between case group and control group.Results: The median (IQR) age of cases and controls was 5.0 (4.75) months and 4.0 (4.0) months, respectively. There were no significant differences in baseline demographic and anthropometric parameters between the 2 groups. The median vitamin D level in a case group was significantly lower compared with matched controls (p <0.05).Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency is an important independent risk factor for childhood pneumonia. We found a severe vitamin D deficiency of our infants suffering from severe acute lower respiratory tract infections. The deficiency was more prevalent in exclusive breast feed infants.
Outcome of neonatal ventilation: a prospective and cross-sectional study in tertiary care centre
Authors: Sharma Ravi , Baheti Swapnil 
Published: August 2017

Background: Neonatal mortality accounts for nearly two thirds of infant mortality and half of under 5 mortalities in India. It is possible to increase neonatal survival and improve the quality of life only through prompt and adequate management of critically ill newborn. Mechanical ventilation has become a must to enhance neonatal survival and is an essential component of neonatal intensive care.Methods: Hospital based prospective, cross-sectional study from 1st July 2012 to 30th June 2013. All NICU admitted neonate requiring mechanical ventilation were included. It was a descriptive, cross-sectional study of a prospective data.Results: Indication of mechanical ventilation: Out of 72 neonates studied, majority of preterm were ventilated for RDS - 34 (89.5%) and majority of Full term were ventilated for MAS - 16 (100%) followed by HIE - 8 (88.89%). Out of 38 RDS cases, 30 (79%) were ventilated till 4-7 days duration and 3 (7.9%) required ventilation for >10 days. Out of 16 MAS cases, 10 (62.5%) were ventilated for 4-7 days duration and none required prolonged ventilation. Duration of ventilation is not statistically associated with indication of mechanical ventilation with p=0.301.Conclusions: Mechanical and Pulmonary complications of mechanical ventilation are not statistically significant for outcome of mechanical ventilation but it increases length of NICU stay. Hypotension on ventilator, requirement of more than 3 ionotropes were associated with high mortality.
Cardiac changes in asphyxiated neonates-need for early detection to improve long-term outcome
Authors: Lakshmanan Raja , Verma Yogendra Singh 
Published: August 2017

Background: Cardiac changes are common in Perinatal asphyxia. Detecting them early will help in specific management and good long-term outcome. Cardiac monitoring is recommended in every resuscitation as per NRP 7. Objective of present study was to evaluate myocardial dysfunction in neonates having Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy by clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic examination. Methods: Observational analytical study of 79 neonates who suffered from asphyxia as per selection criteria were done at medical college hospital. Myocardial dysfunction was evaluated by clinical features assessed on first 2 days and electrocardiographic and echocardiographic examination was done after 24 hours. Data were collected and analysed by SPSS 21 software.Results: Respiratory distress was found in 67.08% of the subjects. Prolonged capillary refill time was found in 39.24% of the subjects. Mean QTc (ms) interval was prolonged in non-survivors (496.6±20.8) when compared with survivors (418.2±33.7) (p - 0.000). T wave changes were present in non-survivors (94.7%) when compared to survivors (41.7%) (LR- 19.558). ST wave changes were present in non-survivors (73.7 %) compared with survivors (10%) (LR- 28.483). Mean Ejection Fraction (%) was shortened in non-survivors (53.79±7.53) compared with survivors (71.48±10.28) (p-0.000). Significant tricuspid regurgitation (78.94%) was present among non-survivors compared to survivors (10%) (LR- 17.859). Evidences of significant pulmonary artery hypertension were found in most of the (78.94%) non-survivors compared to survivors (10%) (LR-22.4). Similarly, severe grades of asphyxia had significantly high findings of increased CRT, reduced EF, LVES, ST and T wave changes etc.Conclusions: Cardiac changes in severe asphyxia are high and can be identified early by clinical, electroctrocardiographic and echocardiographic examination.
Prevalence and risk factors of obesity among higher secondary school students in urban and rural schools of North Kerala
Authors: K. V. Urmila , Krishnan K. Divya , Sudakaran . , Nambiar Muralikrishnan 
Published: August 2017

Background: Childhood overweight and obesity have become an important public health problem. Life style approach is required, and requires political and social commitment in addition to medical management. We investigated the prevalence of obesity and the association with risk factors relating to physical activities, in higher secondary school children of government and private schools.Methods: In 2015, we surveyed higher secondary students in North Kerala both in government and private sector schools. We measured height, weight and plotted Body mass Index on CDC (Child Developement Centre) charts. Factors affecting obesity like physical and sedentary activities (using Bharathy et al questionnaire) and school-based risk factors were also studied.Results: Multivariate logistic regression was done to evaluate the significance of these risk factors for overweight and obesity. On the basis of measurements taken in 496 higher secondary school students, the estimated provincial prevalence of overweight was found to be 7%, obesity 3% and malnutrition 18%. Children who studied in private school was found to have increased risk of overweight p=0.02 with odds ratio (OR of 2.97 95% confidence interval CI 1.27-6.97), whereas those who went to school by walking were at decreased risk (OR 2.78, 95% CI 1.16-6.65). Students involved in house hold chores for 4hours or more a week were associated with a decreased risk of overweight (OR 3.96, 95% CI 1.42-11.07) and those with less activity were at increased risk for obesity (OR 6.61, 95% CI 1.91-22.84).Conclusions: Home and schools provide important opportunities for public health initiatives for reducing childhood overweight and obesity. Children in private schools coming from higher socio-economic background are being less physically active and has thus susceptible to obesity and its consequences.
Seroprevalance of hepatitis-c infection in multi-transfused thalassemic children: study from a West Indian tertiary care center
Authors: Agrawal Sheesham , Sulaniya Pawan Kumar , Garg Kapil , Choudhary Ramesh , Sulaniya Chandrakanta 
Published: August 2017

Background: To study the prevalence of hepatitis-C virus infection in multi-transfused thalassemic children and to correlate these patients with age, number of transfusion, serum ferritin levels and transaminases levels.Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics of a Teaching Institute of Rajasthan. It was a hospital based cross sectional study, conducted over a period of 12 months (April 2016- March 2017). Blood sample for Ant-HCV antibody detection was taken at time of follow-up visit in the subspeciality clinic. These samples were processed in central laboratory for hep-C antibody, serum ferritin and transaminases levels. Anti-HCV antibody detection was done by BI-DOT machine. HCV RNA PCR was done to access viral load in all positive cases.Results: A total of 300 patients were enrolled in the study. There were 219 (73%) males and 81 (27%) females. The mean age of the study group was 7.59±3.6 years (range 1.5-18years). At the time of our study 277 (92.4%) cases were on one or the other chelating agent whereas 23 (7.6%) cases were not taking any kind of chelation therapy. Out of 300 patients, 72(24%) cases tested positive for anti HCV antibody. Out of 72 patients only 36(12%) patients had detectable viral load in RNA PCR. Mean age of the HCV positive cases (9.58±3.28) years was higher as compared to HCV negative cases (6.98±3.54). Maximum HCV positivity 20/38 (52.6%) was seen in 12-18 year age group; followed by 33/76 (43.4%) in 9-12yr age group. Significant association was observed between advancing age and prevalence of hepatitis C in thalassemia major patients (p=0.002). The number of blood transfusions received by anti-HCV positive children (Avg. Transfusion 185±98.40 ml/kg/year) was significantly higher than that by anti-HCV negative patients (Avg. Transfusion 102.8±71.20) (p value<0.001). Maximum HCV positive cases 33 (45.83%) had total transfusions >200 in a year followed by 15 (20.83%) cases with 151-200 transfusions (p<0.001).Conclusions: Despite ELISA screening of blood donors, our study demonstrated high (24%) prevalence of transfusion transmitted hepatitis-C virus in thalassemic children which increases with increasing number of transfusions, it also correlates with rising serum ferritin level and SGPT level.
Clinical profiling of sickle cell disease patients with respect to pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Gosavi Rajesh V. , Jain Shilpa 
Published: August 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the commonest heritable hematologic abnormality affecting humans. Pulmonary hypertension is documented in patients of SCD by both non-invasive methods and catheterization, with incidence reported to be as high as 20%-63%. However, pulmonary hypertension has not been studied as complication of patients of sickle cell disease in India</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-GB">A total of 94 (54 SS and 40 AS) more than 12 years old cases </span><span lang="EN-IN">diagnosed to have sickle cell disease by hemoglobin electrophoresis</span><span lang="EN-GB"> were recruited. All the participants were assessed with complete history, general and systemic examination, hematological and biochemical tests, X-ray chest, ECG, pulmonary function tests and 2D echocardiography and Doppler studies. </span><span lang="EN-IN">Cases were observed in 2 groups: SS cases and AS cases. </span><span lang="EN-GB">Sixty four</span><span lang="EN-IN"> age/sex matched healthy close relatives of the cases with ‘AA’ Hb electrophoresis pattern were the controls. </span><span lang="EN-IN"> </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-GB">Five SS cases were detected to have pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension was not detected in any AS case or control. Pulmonary hypertension was more common in females (3/23, 13%) than males (2/26, 7.7%). </span><span lang="EN-IN">The mean age of the SS cases with PH (32±5.15) was found to be significantly higher than that of the SS cases without PH (24.2±6.21) (p&lt;0.01)</span>.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-GB">The incidence of PH was low in this study, as compared to western studies. This may be since most of the cases of SCD being in remote areas having no access to health care facilities</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p>
Dessincronose
Authors: Lima André Pietsch 
Published: August 2017

O senhor Ivry, naturalista com senso de observação apurado, tendo classificado inúmeras plantas com seu amplo conhecimento sobre estames e pistilos, concebia-as como representantes de uma chave taxonômica gigantesca com ornamentos que se multiplicavam a cada volta que dava com ela nos jardins pelos quais passava. Sua vida era, em grande parte, coletar e catalogar plantas, livrando-as das trevas do anonimato e do abandono nos jardins sem nome. Enquanto isso, os jardins, inominados, floriam.
Duração: Currículo≠Refrão≠Repetição≠Imaginação
Authors: Amorim Antonio Carlos 
Published: August 2017

Reunião de heterogêneos, multiplicidades em extensão, atravessamentos diferentes para o campo do currículo. Os textos – nomeados dossiês de acordo com as normas das seções da revista ETD – Educação Temática Digital – recolhem seus efeitos de um tempo em que configuraram a programação do GT Currículo da ANPEd na 30a Reunião Anual, ocorrida em 2007, e ao se aproximarem e se posicionarem em seqüência, um após o outro, criam um plano para pensar o currículo com discussões em que pulsa a transição entre Modernidade e Pós-Modernidade, sem síntese e sem soluções. Marcas expressas e carregadas em sentidos pelas imagens, narrativas e objetos (incluindo os discursivos). Memórias e fragmentos de passagem da experiência, que não foi abandonada, pois se lança como signos de aprendizagem sobre e com o currículo.
Os fluxos migratórios mistos e os entraves à proteção aos refugiados
Authors: Jarochinski Silva João Carlos , Machado Bógus Lucia Maria , Gimenez Jarochinski Silva Stéfanie Angélica 
Published: August 2017

O artigo discute o fenômeno dos fluxos migratórios mistos, considerando seus impactos sobre o reconhecimento das solicitações de refúgio, seu enquadramento jurídico nos países de passagem e destino e, especialmente, a proteção aos refugiados. Os Estados Nacionais, invariavelmente, tratam as migrações internacionais de forma generalista, desconsiderando os elementos específicos e individuais que as motivaram. Isso faz com que muitos solicitantes de refúgio, que utilizam os mesmos mecanismos e rotas dos denominados migrantes voluntários, sejam prejudicados no acesso ao direito de reconhecimento de seus pedidos. Tal realidade tem influenciado os debates sobre os fluxos migratórios na academia e nos órgãos protetivos e de promoção de ações voltadas aos refugiados, como é o caso do Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para Refugiados (Acnur) e do sistema americano desenvolvido após a Declaração de Cartagena. O presente texto pretende analisar, com base nos documentos de organismos internacionais e nos debates realizados na academia, o que são fluxos mistos e a forma como as questões relativas ao tema têm sido debatidas no âmbito internacional, apresentando boas práticas e soluções que permitam assegurar aos refugiados a proteção a que fazem jus.
Use of the S3 Corridor for Iliosacral Fixation in a Dysmorphic Sacrum
Authors: El Dafrawy Mostafa H. , Strike Sophia A. , Osgood Greg M. 
Published: August 2017

Case:
The S1 and S2 corridors are the typical osseous pathways for iliosacral screw fixation of posterior pelvic ring fractures. In dysmorphic sacra, the S1 screw trajectory is often different from that in normal sacra. We present a case of iliosacral screw placement in the third sacral segment for fixation of a complex lateral compression type-3 pelvic fracture in a patient with a dysmorphic sacrum.

Conclusion:
In patients with dysmorphic sacra and unstable posterior pelvic ring fractures or dislocations, the S3 corridor may be a feasible osseous fixation pathway that can be used in a manner equivalent to the S2 corridor in a normal sacrum.