bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimizing poultry audio signal classification with deep learning and burn layer fusion
Authors: Hassan Esraa , Elbedwehy Samar , Shams Mahmoud Y. , Abd El-Hafeez Tarek , El-Rashidy Nora 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study introduces a novel deep learning-based approach for classifying poultry audio signals, incorporating a custom Burn Layer to enhance model robustness. The methodology integrates digital audio signal processing, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and the innovative Burn Layer, which injects controlled random noise during training to reinforce the model's resilience to input signal variations. The proposed architecture is streamlined, with convolutional blocks, densely connected layers, dropout, and an additional Burn Layer to fortify robustness. The model demonstrates efficiency by reducing trainable parameters to 191,235, compared to traditional architectures with over 1.7 million parameters. The proposed model utilizes a Burn Layer with burn intensity as a parameter and an Adamax optimizer to optimize and address the overfitting problem. Thorough evaluation using six standard classification metrics showcases the model's superior performance, achieving exceptional sensitivity (96.77%), specificity (100.00%), precision (100.00%), negative predictive value (NPV) (95.00%), accuracy (98.55%), F1 score (98.36%), and Matthew’s correlation coefficient (MCC) (95.88%). This research contributes valuable insights into the fields of audio signal processing, animal health monitoring, and robust deep-learning classification systems. The proposed model presents a systematic approach for developing and evaluating a deep learning-based poultry audio classification system. It processes raw audio data and labels to generate digital representations, utilizes a Burn Layer for training variability, and constructs a CNN model with convolutional blocks, pooling, and dense layers. The model is optimized using the Adamax algorithm and trained with data augmentation and early-stopping techniques. Rigorous assessment on a test dataset using standard metrics demonstrates the model's robustness and efficiency, with the potential to significantly advance animal health monitoring and disease detection through audio signal analysis.
Ethnic foods: impact of probiotics on human health and disease treatment
Authors: Tingirikari Jagan Mohan Rao , Sharma Anshul , Lee Hae-Jeung 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe human gut is inhabited by approximately 100 trillion of microflora, and there exists a reciprocal relationship between human health and the gut microbiota. The major reasons for the dysbiosis in the population of gut microbiota are attributed to changes in lifestyle, medication, and the intake of junk foods. In addition, the proportion of beneficial bacteria in the intestine decreases gradually with age and causes physiological disturbances, malfunctions of the immune system, and several metabolic disorders. Thus, finding safe solutions to improve the diversity of microflora is a big challenge. With an increase in health consciousness among the population, the demand for healthy and nutraceutical food products is growing gradually. Recent research has proved that consumption of probiotics promotes gut health and prevents from several metabolic and other diseases. Hence, in this present review, we will discuss the various probiotic bacteria present in ethnic foods. The importance of these probiotics in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal, respiratory, cancer, and metabolic disorders will be elucidated. In addition, we will highlight the importance of the development of new-generation probiotics to cater the needs of the current market.
Investigation of the expression of long non-coding RNA in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Mazdeh Mehrdokht , Farsani Mohsen Khosravi , Komaki Alireza , Eftkharin Mohammad Mehadi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Parkinson’s disease is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s. Pathogenic factors in Parkinson’s include inflammation and oxidative stress, which lead to dopaminergic cell apoptosis. The case–control study aims to determine the expression level of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) of the apoptosis pathway in Parkinson’s patients compared to healthy individuals. In the case–control study, 50 patients with Parkinson’s disease were examined, along with 50 healthy individuals matched in age and sex. In both groups, the expression of long non-coding RNAs, including taurine upregulated 1 (TUG1), metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1), and growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5), was compared using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results
The ratio of MALAT1, NEAT1, and TUG1 gene expression in the case group was statistically significantly higher than in healthy individuals. The ratio of GAS5 gene expression in people with Parkinson’s disease was lower, with a statistically significant difference. The ratio of HULC gene expression was higher in the case group, but it did not show a statistically significant difference with the control group.

Conclusion
The involvement of long lncRNAs that increase apoptosis may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease, which may be used for identification and therapeutic purposes.
Opportunities and barriers for telemedicine in pain management: insights from a SIAARTI survey among Italian pain physicians
Authors: Cascella Marco , Innamorato Massimo Antonio , Natoli Silvia , Bellini Valentina , Piazza Ornella , Pedone Roberto , Giarratano Antonino , Marinangeli Franco , Miceli Luca , Bignami Elena Giovanna , Vittori Alessandro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe integration of telemedicine in pain management represents a significant advancement in healthcare delivery, offering opportunities to enhance patient access to specialized care, improve satisfaction, and streamline chronic pain management. Despite its growing adoption, there remains a lack of comprehensive data on its utilization in pain therapy, necessitating a deeper understanding of physicians’ perspectives, experiences, and challenges.MethodsA survey was conducted in Italy between January 2024 and May 2024. Specialist center members of the SIAARTI were sent an online questionnaire testing the state of the art of telemedicine for pain medicine.ResultsOne-hundred thirty-one centers across Italy reveal varied adoption rates, with 40% routinely using telemedicine. Regional disparities exist, with Northern Italy showing higher adoption rates. Barriers include the absence of protocols, resource constraints, and bureaucratic obstacles. Despite challenges, telemedicine has shown positive impacts on service delivery, with increased service volume reported. Technological capabilities, including image sharing and teleconsultation with specialists, indicate promising interdisciplinary potential.ConclusionsThe integration of advanced telemedicine software utilizing artificial intelligence holds promise for enhancing telemonitoring and alert systems, potentially leading to more proactive and personalized pain management strategies.
Treatment Preferences in Patients With Hypothyroidism
Authors: de Lima Beltrão Fabyan Esberard , Carvalhal Giulia , de Almeida Beltrão Daniele Carvalhal , de Lima Beltrão Fabricia Elizabeth , Ribeiro Miriam O , Ettleson Matthew D , Ramos Helton Estrela , Bianco Antonio C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
Levothyroxine (L-T4) monotherapy is the standard of care for the treatment of hypothyroidism. A minority of L-T4–treated patients remain symptomatic and report better outcomes with combination therapy that contains liothyronine (L-T3) or with desiccated thyroid extract (DTE).

Objective
This work aimed to assess patient preferences in the treatment of hypothyroidism.

Methods
A systematic review, meta-analysis, meta-regression, and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing treatments for adults with hypothyroidism (L-T4 vs L-T4 + L-T3 or DTE). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases up to April 10, 2024. Data extraction and quality assessment were independently performed by 4 researchers.

Results
Eleven RCTs (8 cross-over studies) with a total of 1135 patients were considered. Overall, 24% of patients preferred L-T4 vs 52% who preferred L-T4 + L-T3 or DTE; 24% had no preference. The meta-analysis confirmed the preference for combination therapy over L-T4 monotherapy (relative risk [RR]: 2.20; 95% CI, 1.38-3.52; P = .0009). Excluding 4 studies reduced the high heterogeneity (I2 = 81%) without affecting the results (RR: 1.97; 95% CI, 1.52-2.54; P &lt; .00001; I2 = 24%). This preference profile remained when only crossover studies were considered (RR: 2.84; 95% CI, 1.50-5.39; P &lt; .00001). Network meta-analysis confirmed the preference for DTE and L-T3 + L-T4 vs L-T4 alone.

Conclusion
Patients with hypothyroidism prefer combination therapy (L-T3 + L-T4 or DTE) over L-T4 monotherapy. The strength of these findings justifies considering patient preferences in the setting of shared decision-making in the treatment of hypothyroidism.
Two Cases of Improved Bone Mineral Density Following Treatment of Hypophosphatemic Osteomalacia Due to FGF23 Excess
Authors: McHan Lara , Augustine Marilyn 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Excess fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) causes renal phosphorous wasting and impaired activation of vitamin D leading to osteomalacia. Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare cause of FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia. We present 2 patients with FGF23-mediated hypophosphatemia who had low bone mineral density (BMD) at diagnosis and remarkable improvements in BMD with treatment. Patient 1 is a 43-year-old man who had years of progressive pain, difficulty ambulating, and multiple fractures. Patient 2 is a 48-year-old nonverbal man with autism and intellectual disability who had months of progressively declining mobility, presumed pain, and multiple fractures. Workup in both cases revealed hypophosphatemia, evidence of renal phosphorous wasting, and elevated FGF23. Patient 1 was diagnosed with TIO when imaging identified a subcutaneous left flank mass and excision resulted in rapid symptom improvement; he experienced a 96% increase in lumbar spine (LS) BMD after surgery. Patient 2 has had multiple scans over several years, but no FGF23-secreting tumor has been identified. He has been maintained on medical treatment with phosphorous and calcitriol with improvement in functioning and 48% increase in LS BMD. Both patients had improvements in BMD with treatment, with more pronounced improvement in the patient with TIO managed surgically.
The Economy of Critical Attention: A Computational Analysis of Roland Barthes’s S/Z
Authors: Thong Carmen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article argues for the importance of analyzing distributions of literary-critical attention to understand the shape of our discipline and how it has evolved. The article sees critical attention as a scarce resource in literary economies, both within a single text and at much larger scales—even across time. Circulations of critical attention are directed by filtering models, a concept borrowed from cognitive psychology that refers to how competing demands for attention are prioritized. The accrual of critical attention implicitly signals the location of value in a literary economy. When this accrual (or lack thereof) is quantified using computational methodologies, we can track where critical attention goes, how much of it, and why. As a proof of this concept, the article offers a quantitative analysis of critical attention in Roland Barthes’s S/Z. This work reveals the hidden logics of Barthes’s distribution of critical attention and demonstrates how such analyses can identify the filtering models that operate in our critical tools and practices.
Shameful Specters: Remembering Spanish Slavery in Àngels Aymar’s La Indiana
Authors: Hydak Laura 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This article reveals a new figure in the contemporary Spanish imaginary, the indiana, and a new literary mode, the indiana melodrama. It argues that the incarnation of the indiana as a virtuous, melodramatic heroine in Àngels Aymar’s 2007 play La indiana rebukes Spanish participation in transatlantic slavery and counters the historical amnesia that Spanish culture frequently displays toward its colonial past. An early forerunner in Spain’s long-delayed path to recognizing its history of slavery, La indiana forms part of activist efforts in Catalonia, the autonomous community in which the play premiered. Applying theories of memory and melodrama, the article explains how many factors in the play—the actors, their voices, the stage space, the soundscape, and the mixing of the Catalan and Spanish languages—transmit memory across racial, temporal, and spatial boundaries. This effect, “theatrical postmemory,” minimizes the distance between past and present, Cuba and Catalonia, memory and history. The article focuses on Aymar’s transformation of two symbols of Spanish (post)imperial nostalgia, the indiano home and the Catalan habanera, a popular musical genre. La indiana deconstructs the melodramatic convention of a happy ending and the concomitant restoration of innocence.
Eight Decades of Educational Assortative Mating: A Research Note
Authors: Hirschl Noah , Schwartz Christine R. , Boschetti Elia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Recent social and economic trends in the United States, including increasing economic inequality, women's growing educational advantage, and the rise of online dating, have ambiguous implications for patterns of educational homogamy. In this research note, we examine changes in educational assortative mating in the United States over the last eight decades (1940 to 2020) using the U.S. decennial censuses and the American Community Survey, extending and expanding earlier work by Schwartz and Mare. We find that the rise in educational homogamy noted by Schwartz and Mare has not continued. Increases in educational homogamy stalled around 1990 and began reversing in the 2000s. We find a growing tendency for marriages to cross educational boundaries, but a college degree remains the strongest dividing line to intermarriage. A key trend explaining this new pattern is women's increasing tendency to marry men with less education than themselves. If not for this trend, homogamy would have continued increasing until the early 2010s. We also show substantial heterogeneity by race, ethnicity, and nativity and among same- versus different-sex couples.
Unfamiliarity and Familiarity in the Bauman Archive
Authors: Palmer Jack 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReflecting on the author's role in establishing, cataloging, and interpreting the personal papers of Zygmunt Bauman, this article ponders central questions related to working on and with the archives of public intellectuals. It addresses the role that intellectuals, and Bauman in particular, hold in contemporary “memory wars” and the role that diverse forms and practices of archives play therein. It considers the difficulties posed by and possibilities afforded by the existence of archives, as well as biographical and autobiographical writings, for the interpretation of theoretical work. To this end, the article deploys a number of keywords—estrangement, loss, silence, secrets—that have framed the author's encounter with the Bauman archive.
A Conversation with Emily M. Bender and Ted Chiang
Authors: Bender Emily M. , Chiang Ted , Nissley Tom , Goodlad Lauren M. E. , Keyes Kelsey 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This conversation is excerpted and edited from a transcript of a live event, “Wishful Thinking and AI: An Evening with Ted Chiang and Dr. Emily M. Bender,” which took place in Seattle, Washington, on November 10, 2023. The conversation was moderated by Tom Nissley and edited for Critical AI by Lauren M. E. Goodlad and Kelsey Keyes. Questions from the audience have been edited for concision.
Restaging the Black Box: How Metaphor Informs Large Language Models
Authors: Judelson Nia , Dryden Maggie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Literary theorists have long examined the role between writing and technology, in part due to technology's reliance on metaphor. Metaphor is central to the ways new technologies are marketed to and understood by users; metaphor also determines the sorts of critiques of those technologies scholars might make. This article looks at the particular relationship between metaphor and LLMs. Specifically, it examines the metaphor of the black box, which is often used to metaphorize their opaque inner workings. Exploring the multiple definitions of the black box metaphor reveals how its use in regard to LLMs reproduces the power imbalances inherent in opaque systems. By considering the many meanings of the black box together, we may see how the term maintains false binaries of transparency and opacity. As one example, this article argues that refiguring the (algorithmic) black box as a black box theater repositions LLMs as a reflexively performative space. Literary critique of this interdisciplinary kind deepens the understanding of LLMs and their ethical implications.
LLM Outputs Are Fictions
Authors: Hanlon Aaron R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The development of large language model (LLM) tools presents both benefits and challenges. One issue is the expectation of reliable information from users, particularly students. The tool's use conditions and expectations influence its effectiveness. The concept of fictional truth negotiates relations that hold between the real world and the world of fiction and is therefore useful for understanding LLM outputs that rely on and contain facts even as they also contain false or invented information.
A Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights for Education
Authors: Conrad Kathryn 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the wake of the introduction of ChatGPT, educators have been faced with pressure to adapt to the disruptive technology of AI chatbots. But these tools were not developed with educational applications in mind, and they come with many potential risks and harms to students. As educators decide how to address generative systems in their classrooms in the context of an ever-changing technological landscape, this essay offers a starting point for conversations about policy and protections. It begins with the rights articulated by the US Office of Science and Technology Policy and goes on to elaborate rights for educators and students, including institutional support for critical AI literacy professional development; educator collaboration on AI policy and purchase and implementation of generative systems; protection of student privacy and creative control; and consultation, notice, guidance, and appeal structures for students.
Myonuclear position and blood vessel organization during skeletal muscle postnatal development
Authors: Sequeira Catarina , Wackerbarth Lou Martha , Pena Andreia , Sá-Pereira Mafalda , Franco Cláudio A. , Gomes Edgar R. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Skeletal muscle development is a complex process involving myoblast fusion to generate multinucleated fibers. Myonuclei first align in the center of the myotubes before migrating to the periphery of the myofiber. Blood vessels (BVs) are important contributors to the correct development of skeletal muscle, and myonuclei are found next to BVs in adult muscle. Here, we show that most myonuclear migration to the periphery occurs between embryonic day 17.5 and postnatal day 1 in mouse. Furthermore, myonuclear accretion after postnatal day 7 does not result in centrally nucleated myofibers as observed in the embryo. Instead, myonuclei remain at the periphery of the myofiber without moving to the center. Finally, we show that hypovascularization of skeletal muscle alters the interaction between myonuclei and BVs, suggesting that BVs may contribute to myonuclear positioning during skeletal muscle postnatal development. Overall, this work provides a comprehensive analysis of skeletal muscle development during the highly dynamic postnatal period, bringing new insights about myonuclear positioning and its interaction with BVs.
bHLH family proteins control the timing and completion of transition from neuroepithelial cells into neural stem cells
Authors: Akiba Chika , Takezawa Aya , Tsai Yuanchang , Hirose Mire , Suzuki Takumi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
The number of neural stem cells reflects the total number of neurons in the mature brain. As neural stem cells arise from neuroepithelial cells, the neuroepithelial cell population must be expanded to secure a sufficient number of neural stem cells. However, molecular mechanisms that regulate timely differentiation from neuroepithelial to neural stem cells are largely unclear. Here, we show that TCF4/Daughterless is a key factor that determines the timing of the differentiation in Drosophila. The neuroepithelial cells initiated but never completed the differentiation in the absence of TCF4/Daughterless. We also found that TCF4/Daughterless binds to the Notch locus, suggesting that Notch is one of its downstream candidate genes. Consistently, Notch expression was ectopically induced in the absence of TCF4/Daughterless. Furthermore, ectopic activation of Notch signaling phenocopied loss of TCF4/Daughterless. Our findings demonstrate that TCF4/Daughterless directly inactivates Notch signaling pathway, resulting in completion of the differentiation from neuroepithelial cells into neural stem cells with optimal timing. Thus, the present results suggest that TCF4/Daughterless is essential for determining whether to move to the next state or stay in the current state in differentiating neuroepithelial cells.
EnhancerNet: a predictive model of cell identity dynamics through enhancer selection
Authors: Karin Omer 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Understanding how cell identity is encoded by the genome and acquired during differentiation is a central challenge in cell biology. I have developed a theoretical framework called EnhancerNet, which models the regulation of cell identity through the lens of transcription factor-enhancer interactions. I demonstrate that autoregulation in these interactions imposes a constraint on the model, resulting in simplified dynamics that can be parameterized from observed cell identities. Despite its simplicity, EnhancerNet recapitulates a broad range of experimental observations on cell identity dynamics, including enhancer selection, cell fate induction, hierarchical differentiation through multipotent progenitor states and direct reprogramming by transcription factor overexpression. The model makes specific quantitative predictions, reproducing known reprogramming recipes and the complex haematopoietic differentiation hierarchy without fitting unobserved parameters. EnhancerNet provides insights into how new cell types could evolve and highlights the functional importance of distal regulatory elements with dynamic chromatin in multicellular evolution.