bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate-to-Lipid Ratios on Growth and Body Composition of Orange-spotted Grouper Epinephelus coioides
Authors: Wang Ji-teng , Jiang Yu-dong , Han Tao , Li Xin-yu , Wang Yong , Liu Yong-jian 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Growth performance of juvenile Orange-spotted Grouper Epinephelus coioides fed isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isoenergetic diets with varying carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios (0 to 10.9) were evaluated. Triplicate groups of 18 fish (initial mean individual body weight, 16.4 g/) were fed to satiety for 8 weeks. At the termination of this trial, significant differences (P &lt; 0.05) were found on the growth performance. Weight gain and specific growth rate values increased with decreasing dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios. The highest feed conversion ratio value and the lowest protein efficiency ratio value were observed in fish fed the 10.9 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio diet. Besides, fish fed the 10.9 carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio exhibited the lowest nitrogen retention and energy retention values. With the diet carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios decreasing, hepatosomatic index values were reduced significantly (P &lt; 0.001), while the intraperitoneal fat index values showed an inverse trend. Whole-body protein content was reduced with the decrease in dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios, whereas whole-body lipid content increased significantly with decreasing dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios (P &lt; 0.001) while the whole-body moisture content showed a reverse trend. Additionally, liver lipid content increased with the decrease in dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratios, while contrasting results were found in liver glycogen content. The results of this study suggest that the suitable dietary carbohydrate-to-lipid ratio for Orange-spotted Grouper is 0.5 in the isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isoenergetic diets, and this species is better adapted to utilizing lipids rather than carbohydrates.
Final report on the APMP.M.T-S1 supplementary comparison measurand torque: 0 N·m, 1000 N·m, 2000 N·m (bilateral comparison)
Authors: Ogushi K , Nishino A , Nurcahyono D , Hafid Hafid 
Published: November 2016

The National Metrology Institute of Japan, AIST (NMIJ/AIST), Japan, and the Research Center for Metrology, LIPI (RCM-LIPI), Indonesia, had agreed to organize an inter-laboratory comparison program in the torque measurement at 1 kN·m and 2 kN·m for the torque measuring device. The objective of the project is to compare the performance of torque standards in participating institutes, in the torque range from 1 kN·m to 2 kN·m for torque measuring devices. The agreement between the results of two participants was very good. The smallest relative standard uncertainties of the machines stated by the participants are 6.6 × 10-5 and 3.0 × 10-4. The results of this comparison will be used supporting evidence for CMCs in this range.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Rethinking Reprogenetics
Authors: de Melo-Martin Inmaculada 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Reprogenetic technologies, which combine the power of reproductive techniques with the tools of genetic science and technology, promise prospective parents a remarkable degree of control to pick and choose the likely characteristics of their offspring. Prominent authors such as Agar, Buchanan, DeGrazia, Green, Harris, Robertson, Savulescu, and Silver have flocked to the banner of reprogenetics. For them, increased reproductive choice and reduced suffering through the elimination of genetic disease and disability are just the first step. They advocate use of these technologies to create beings who enjoy longer and healthier lives, possess greater intellectual capacities, and are capable of more refined emotional experiences. Indeed, Harris and Savulescu take reprogenetic technologies to be so valuable that their use is not only morally permissible but morally obligatory. Rethinking Reprogenetics challenges this mainstream view with a contextualized, gender-attentive philosophical perspective. It shows that one need not be a Luddite, a social conservative, or a religious zealot to be critical of reprogenetics. Pointing out the flawed nature of the arguments put forward by the technologies’ proponents, Rethinking Reprogenetics reveals the problematic nature of the assumptions underpinning current evaluations of these technologies and offers a framework for a more critical and skeptical assessment.
ALMA observations of the dense and shocked gas in the nuclear region of NGC 4038 (Antennae galaxies)
Authors: Ueda Junko , Watanabe Yoshimasa , Iono Daisuke , Wilner David J. , Fazio Giovanni G. , Ohashi Satoshi , Kawabe Ryohei , Saito Toshiki , Komugi Shinya 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We present 1″(&lt;100 pc) resolution maps of millimeter emission from five molecules—CN, HCN, HCO+, CH3OH, and HNCO—obtained towards NGC 4038, which is the northern galaxy of the mid-stage merger, Antennae galaxies, with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. Three molecules (CN, CH3OH, and HNCO) were detected for the first time in the nuclear region of NGC 4038. High-resolution mapping reveals a systematic difference in distributions of different molecular species and continuum emission. Active star-forming regions identified by the 3 mm and 850 μm continuum emission are offset from the gas-rich region associated with the HCN (1–0) and CO (3–2) peaks. The CN (1–0)/HCN (1–0) line ratios are enhanced (CN/HCN ≃ 0.8–1.2) in the star-forming regions, suggesting that the regions are photon dominated. The large molecular gas mass (108 M⊙) within a 0${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$6 (∼60 pc) radius of the CO (3–2) peak and a high dense gas fraction (&gt;20%) suggested by the HCN (1–0)/CO (3–2) line ratio may signify a future burst of intense star formation there. The shocked gas traced in the CH3OH and HNCO emission indicates sub-kpc-scale molecular shocks. We suggest that the molecular shocks may be driven by collisions between inflowing gas and the central massive molecular complex.
Bilateral Sensory Changes and High Burden of Disease in Patients With Chronic Pain and Unilateral Nondermatomal Somatosensory Deficits
Authors: Landmann Gunther , Dumat Wolfgang , Egloff Niklaus , Gantenbein Andreas R. , Matter Sibylle , Pirotta Roberto , Sándor Peter S. , Schleinzer Wolfgang , Seifert Burkhardt , Sprott Haiko , Stockinger Lenka , Riederer Franz 
Published: November 2016

Objectives:
Widespread sensory deficits resembling hemihypoesthesia occur in 20% to 40% of chronic pain patients on the side of pain, independent of pain etiology, and have been termed nondermatomal sensory deficits (NDSDs). Sensory profiles have rarely been investigated in NDSDs.

Materials and Methods:
Quantitative sensory testing according to the protocol of the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain (DFNS) was performed in the face, hand, and foot of the painful body side and in contralateral regions in chronic pain patients. Twenty-five patients with NDSDs and 23 without NDSDs (termed the pain-only group) were included after exclusion of neuropathic pain. Comprehensive clinical and psychiatric evaluations were carried out.

Results:
NDSD in chronic pain was associated with high burden of disease and more widespread pain. Only in the NDSD group were significantly higher thresholds for mechanical and painful stimuli found in at least 2 of 3 regions ipsilateral to pain. In addition, we found a bilateral loss of function for temperature and vibration detection, and a gain of function for pressure pain in certain regions in patients with NDSD. Sensory loss and gain of function for pressure pain correlated with pain intensity in several regions.

Discussion:
This may indicate a distinct sensory profile in chronic non-neuropathic pain and NDSD, probably attributable to altered central pain processing and sensitization. The presence of NDSD in chronic non-neuropathic pain may be regarded as a marker for higher burden of pain disease.
Topical Negative Pressure on Burns: An Innovative Method for Wound Exudate Collection
Authors: Baudoin Julien , Jafari Paris , Meuli Joachim , Applegate Lee Ann , Raffoul Wassim 
Published: November 2016

Summary:
Burn wound exudate is an important source of information on the wound-healing process and systemic improvement of burn patients. Identification of biomarkers for the prediagnosis of local or systemic complications in patients will have a great impact on adapting personalized procedures in burn treatment. No efficient exudate collection method exists that offers a direct and continuous collection over time. We developed an innovative system based on the negative pressure wound therapy technique to directly collect exudate from burn wounds over several days after burn. This method did not cause any complication or pain for patients, and positive influence on wound healing was seen. Exudate samples were further used in different projects for studying biochemical profile, trace element content, kinetics of bacterial growth, and cell cytotoxicity.
ICE-Syndrome: A Case Report of Implantation of a Microbypass Xen Gel Stent After DMEK Transplantation
Authors: Hohberger Bettina , Welge-Lüßen Ulrich-Christoph , Lämmer Robert 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
Treatment of glaucoma eyes with iridocorneal endothelial syndrome is complex. Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery, such as one that implements a novel, microinvasive device, known as Xen gel stents, has shown promise in surgical glaucoma treatment and offers a new therapeutic option.

Methods:
This is a case report.

Results:
A successful implantation of Xen45 gel stent in a woman with secondary glaucoma due to unilateral iridocorneal endothelial syndrome after descement membrane endothelial keratoplasty operation, and the follow-up are presented.

Conclusions:
Implantation of Xen gel stents may be a promising option for minimally invasive glaucoma surgery in difficult situations, as low adverse effects, good postsurgery visual acuity and sufficient regulation of intraocular pressure can be seen.
Use of Cyanoacrylate Glue Casting for Stabilization of Periocular Skin Grafts and Flaps
Authors: Jackson Colette M. , Nguyen Michelle , Mancini Ronald 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
To examine a novel technique for periocular skin graft and flap stabilization using cyanoacrylate glue applied to the host bed around the perimeter of the graft or flap to create an immobile cast in the immediate postoperative period to promote successful graft take and stable anatomic position.

Methods:
Retrospective review was performed of a single surgeon’s patients who underwent periocular skin graft or flap between August 1, 2011, and February 29, 2016, in which cyanoacrylate glue was applied postoperatively for graft stabilization. Data examined included indication for procedure, location and size of graft, postoperative complications, and length of follow up postoperatively.

Results:
Of 164 cases reviewed, 9 cases were identified in which cyanoacrylate glue was used as the sole means of graft or flap stabilization. Indications for surgery included repair of cicatricial ectropion (3 cases) and repair of Mohs defect status after excision of basal or squamous cell carcinoma (6 cases). All cases involved reformation of the lower eyelid. Five cases employed full-thickness skin grafts and 4 cases employed adjacent tissue rearrangement. Size of defect repaired ranged from 8 mm to 35 mm when largest diameter was measured. Complications included mild residual ectropion or mild punctal ectropion in 2 patients who was asymptomatic and did not require further surgery. No cases were complicated by hematoma, infection, or graft necrosis.

Conclusion:
Cyanoacrylate glue can be used to successfully stabilize skin grafts and flaps in the immediate postoperative period.
Human papillomavirus as a cause of anal cancer and the role of screening
Authors: Gosens Karien C.M. , Richel Olivier , Prins Jan M. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review
Anal cancer is a serious health problem in HIV-positive men who have sex with men, and precursor lesions, anal intraepithelial neoplasia, are well defined. Given the similarities with cervical cancer, screening for and treatment of anal intraepithelial neoplasia might prevent anal cancer. Screening programmes should meet the Wilson and Jungner criteria. We used these criteria to evaluate the current body of evidence supporting a screening programme for anal dysplasia.

Recent findings
The natural history of anal intraepithelial neoplasia is gradually becoming more clear, and three prospective studies are now being performed to conclusively address this issue. High-resolution anoscopy stays the gold standard to diagnose anal intraepithelial neoplasia. The International Anal Neoplasia Society has recently published Practice Standards in the Detection of Anal Cancer Precursors. The main issue, however, is treatment. Although response rates are reasonable at early evaluation, the majority of patients has a recurrence.

Summary
At present, an anal cancer screening programme for HIV-positive men who have sex with men meets most of the Wilson and Jungner criteria. Given that high-resolution anoscopy is the gold standard for screening, important issues that need addressing are the need for a less invasive screening procedure and the cost-effectiveness of screening. The main issue is treatment. Development and evaluation of new treatment strategies are essential for an effective and sustainable screening programme.
The vestibular system and cognition
Authors: Smith Paul F. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review
The last year has seen a great deal of new information published relating vestibular dysfunction to cognitive impairment in humans, especially in the elderly. The objective of this review is to summarize and critically evaluate this new evidence in the context of the previous literature.

Recent findings
This review will address the recent epidemiological/survey studies that link vestibular dysfunction with cognitive impairment in the elderly; recent clinical investigations into cognitive impairment in the context of vestibular dysfunction, both in the elderly and in the cases of otic capsule dehiscence and partial bilateral vestibulopathy; recent evidence that vestibular impairment is associated with hippocampal atrophy; and finally recent evidence relating to the hypothesis that vestibular dysfunction could be a risk factor for dementia.

Summary
The main implication of these recent studies is that vestibular dysfunction, possibly of any type, may result in cognitive impairment, and this could be especially so for the elderly. Such symptoms will need to be considered in the treatment of patients with vestibular disorders.
Social enterprising by and for women in East Africa
Authors: Tillmar Malin 
Published: November 2016

Subject area
The subject areas are social entrepreneurship, gender, institutions and emerging markets.

Study level/applicability
Bachelor, Master, PhD.

Case overview
Some of the fastest growing economies in the world are situated in East Africa. However, there are many institutional challenges. The societies are, for example, heavily patriarchal. Women are, hence, in a particularly vulnerable situation. This is the case of one woman entrepreneur who views the support of other, less educated, women as a main part of her venture. She is a highly educated woman, who has lived part of her life in the USA. Her father is an influential person in the city. She does not need to work at all for her livelihood. She wants the women in her country to have a chance to become economically independent from men. Therefore, she uses her expertise in chemistry to help groups of rural women to make soap and other beauty products from local plants. The case not only illustrates the institutional challenges and how the macro-level institutions affect micro level action but also illustrates the agency enabled by networks and a more fortunate class background. It is an example of a contextually embedded social entrepreneurship process, with simultaneously good and bad odds.

Expected learning outcomes
Main learning objectives are the importance of avoiding both ethnocentrism and androcentrism when analyzing driving forces, processes and decision-making among social entrepreneurs. After having processed this case, students should be able to: critically and independently discuss the context dependence of driving forces and processes of social entrepreneurship; critically and independently discuss the gendering of driving forces and processes of social entrepreneurship; and understand and discuss the prerequisites for social entrepreneurship for different groups in a given society, including the class and gender dimensions and the intersection between these dimensions.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
Building the BrightRock brand through change
Authors: Goldman Michael M. , Reyneke Mignon , Mhizha Tendai 
Published: November 2016

Subject area
This case allows students to engage with classical marketing tenets of branding, media and communications decisions and content marketing within a management framework.

Study level/applicability
This case is appropriate for an undergraduate or graduate-level programme in marketing management.

Case overview
Suzanne Stevens was part of a group of four former senior employees of a large life insurance firm that decided to establish a new and innovative South African insurance company, BrightRock. They identified a gap in a large and highly competitive (albeit generic and opaque) insurance market and developed a distinctive positioning within the market. There was low consumer understanding of the technical aspects of life insurance products, and no existing life insurance product provided an individualized offering. Stevens developed the company’s brand and marketing strategy by drawing on reputation drivers, traditional advertising and a content marketing approach. BrightRock focused on change moments in consumers’ lives, including getting married, having children or getting a new job, and changed the standard insurance product model by launching an individualized flexible product that could adapt with the consumer through their various life stages. The case study documents the first three years of BrightRock’s operations, with a strong focus on brand and product development, distribution and communication. The case dilemma involves choices Stevens faced at the beginning of 2015 about marketing investments across paid, earned and owned media.

Expected learning outcomes
This study enables to critique the development of a services brand; integrate paid, owned and earned media to increase communication effectiveness and efficiency; and critique a content marketing strategy.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.
Putting Able Hands to Work: Skill, Organization, and the Cooperative Market in Jamaica
Authors: Lewis Jovan Scott 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article explores how participation in cooperatives seeks to accomplish an ideal form of the market through the constitutive ethics of organization and skill development. It does so by exploring the cooperative processes and practices of the Jamaica Indigenous Artisans Cooperative, or JAMIA, a small group of 35 vendors and artisans formed in Montego Bay in 2010. Through their employment of a rhetoric, which emphasizes the importance of skill development and organization as a means of accomplishment, JAMIA demonstrates to what extent cooperative ideologies, or imaginaries, serve to legitimize, console, or even frustrate the economic position of cooperative membership.
Unexpected sex‐specific post‐reproductive lifespan in the free‐living nematodePristionchus exspectatus
Authors: Weadick Cameron J. , Sommer Ralf J. 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYPatterns of senescence (or aging) can vary among life history traits and between the sexes, providing an opportunity to study variation in the aging process within a single species. We previously found that females of the nematodePristionchus exspectatusoutlive males by a substantial margin under laboratory conditions. Here, we show that sex‐specific reproductive senescence unfolds in the opposite direction in this species, resulting in a prolonged period of female‐specific post‐reproductive survival: females lost the ability to reproduce at approximately 4.7 weeks despite a median lifespan of about 12.3 weeks under lab conditions, whereas males lost the ability to reproduce at approximately 6.6 weeks, roughly in line with their median lifespan of around 7.6 weeks. Interestingly, somatic senescence (declining crawling speed) only explained reproductive senescence in males, whereas females lost the ability to reproduce regardless of condition. However, we found that housing females with males significantly increased their mortality rate, indicating that female‐specific post‐reproductive survival is unlikely to occur in the wild. We discuss our results in light of evolutionary theories of post‐reproductive survival and previous studies of nematode behavioral ecology, arguing that premature reproductive senescence may stem from sex‐specific condition‐dependent survival during the reproductive period. Given the proven lab tractability ofPrisitonchusnematodes, our findings provide a foundation for integrative research that combines evolutionary ecology and molecular genetics in the study of sex‐specific senescence and post‐reproductive survival.
Ancestral androgenic differentiation pathways are repurposed during the evolution of adult sexual plasticity
Authors: Schuppe Eric R. , Solomon‐Lane Tessa K. , Pradhan Devaleena S. , Thonkulpitak Kevin , Grober Matthew S. 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYAlthough early exposure to androgens is necessary to permanently organize male phenotype in many vertebrates, animals that exhibit adult sexual plasticity require mechanisms that prevent early fixation of genital morphology and allow for genital morphogenesis during adult transformation. In Lythrypnus dalli, a teleost fish that exhibits bi‐directional sex change, adults display dimorphic genitalia morphology despite the absence of sex differences in the potent fish androgen 11‐ketotestosterone. Based on conserved patterns of vertebrate development, two steroid‐based mechanisms may regulate the early development and adult maintenance of dimorphic genitalia; local androgen receptor (AR) and steroidogenic enzyme expression. Consistent with the ancestral pattern of AR expression during the multipotential phase of differentiation, juvenile differentiation into either sex involved high mesenchymal AR expression. In adults, AR expression was high throughout the male genitalia, but low or absent in females. Consistent with the hypothesis that adult sexual plasticity repurposes pathways from primary differentiation, we show that adults with transitioning genitalia also exhibited higher AR expression relative to females. Local androgen biosynthesis may also participate in genitalia transformation, as transitioning adults had greater 11β‐HSD‐like immunoreactivity in the epithelial layer of the dorsal lumen compared to both sexes. By administering an AR antagonist to adult males, we show AR is necessary to maintain male‐typical morphology. In a species that is resistant to early sexual canalization, early androgenic differentiation mechanisms are consistent with other vertebrates and the tissue‐specific regulation of AR expression appears to be repurposed in adulthood to allow for transitions between sexual phenotypes.