bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Human Papillomavirus in Youth From the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study
Authors: Moscicki Anna-Barbara , Farhat Sepideh , Yao Tzy-Jyun , Ryder Mark I. , Russell Jonathan S. , Van Dyke Russell B. , Hazra Rohan , Shiboski Caroline H. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In contrast to high rates of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) found in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adults, only 2% of 209 perinatally HIV-infected youth had oral HPV. This rate was similar in HIV-exposed but uninfected youth. No association was found with sexual activity; however, low CD4 counts were associated with oral HPV.
A Standardized Classification for Subdural Hematomas— I
Authors: Alves José Luís , Santiago João Gonçalo , Costa Guerreiro , Mota Pinto Anabela 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Subdural hematomas are a frequent and highly heterogeneous traumatic disorder, with significant clinical and socioeconomic consequences. In clinical and medicolegal practice, subdural hematomas are classified according to its apparent age, which significantly influences its intrinsic pathogenic behavior, forensic implications, clinical management, and outcome. Although practical, this empirical classification is somewhat arbitrary and scarcely informative, considering the remarkable heterogeneity of this entity. The current research project aims at implementing a comprehensive multifactorial classification of subdural hematomas, allowing a more standardized and coherent assessment and management of this condition. This new method of classification of subdural hematomas takes into account its intrinsic and extrinsic features, using imaging data and histopathological elements, to provide an easily apprehensible and intuitive nomenclature. The proposed classification unifies and organizes all relevant details concerning subdural hematomas, hopefully improving surgical care and forensic systematization.
A Survey of Return Visits to the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Augustine Erin M. , Bekker Tatiana D. , Goel Ansha , Breslin Kristen A. , Chamberlain James M. 
Published: July 2016

Objective
Approximately 5% of children return to the emergency department within 72 hours of a first evaluation. Previous literature has focused on healthcare utilization and the use of return visits as a quality metric. The goal of this study was to quantify reasons for return visits from the caretaker perspective.

Methods
Caretaker surveys were developed based on previously identified themes from focus groups. When considering reasons for return, multiple answers were allowed. Surveys were administered to a convenience sample of eligible caretakers who returned to the emergency department within 72 hours between June and August 2013. Caretakers were excluded if the return was scheduled or for an unrelated complaint.

Results
Of the 306 eligible caretakers, 83 (27%) participated. A majority returned because of continued (92%) or worsening symptoms (70%). More than half returned because they did not know how to help their child at home (60%), they did not understand their child's illness (59%), and/or they did not expect the persistence of symptoms (58%). Overall, caretakers felt more testing (55%), treatments (45%), medications (41%), and information (28%) should have been provided at the initial visit. Caretakers of children admitted at the second visit were significantly more dissatisfied with care at the first visit (P = 0.05).

Conclusions
The most commonly reported reasons for pediatric return visits were continued symptoms and lack of illness understanding. We plan to use these data to develop targeted interventions to decrease the perceived need for return visits.
Apparent Life-Threatening Events
Authors: Vigo Alessandro , Balagna Roberto , Brazzi Luca , Costagliola Giulia , Gregoretti Cesare , Lupica Maria Maddalena , Noce Silvia 
Published: July 2016

Objectives

Apparent
life-threatening event (ALTE) refers to a constellation of unexpected events suddenly occurring in infants that extremely alarm the observers. The objectives of this study were to evaluate 1) intervention of Emergency Service (ES) at home, 2) parental behavior before ES intervention, 3) patients' outcome at follow-up of a minimum of 6 months.

Methods
Retrospective study of infants younger than 12 months whose parents called ES and were evaluated for ALTE from 2005 to 2014. Tactile stimulation (TS) was defined as any maneuver performed by parents or ES staff aimed at rescuing patients without cardiopulmonary resuscitation attempts. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was defined according to American Heart Association Guidelines 2010.

Results
One hundred eighty-eight patients were eligible. Emergency Service provided intervention for 178 infants (10 were assisted only by phone). All patients received TS by parents before ES arrival. Mean time for ES to reach patient location was 15 ± 10 minutes. On examination, 136 patients (76.5%) seemed normal and 42 symptomatic. One hundred sixty-three patients were brought to the emergency department where 23 patients were found symptomatic. One hundred six of 163 patients underwent capillary blood gas determination and, in 28 (26%) of 106, alterations were found. No infant had subsequent cardiopulmonary arrest or clinically evident adverse neurological outcome. Six were found to be epileptic. No infant died during the episode or during follow-up.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that ALTE is an alarming but self-limiting phenomenon that can be resolved either spontaneously or by simple TS in most cases. Emergency Service should solicit patients' physiological responses through TS first while considering a cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuver.
Management of acute cholecystitis
Authors: Bagla Prabhava , Sarria Juan C. , Riall Taylor S. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose of review
Various aspects of the management of acute calculous cholecystitis, including type and timing of surgery, role of antibiotics, and nonoperative management, remain controversial. This review focuses on recently published studies addressing the timing of cholecystectomy, use of cholecystostomy tubes, and role of antibiotics in this condition.

Recent findings
In most cases, the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis can be initially confirmed with an abdominal ultrasound. Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (within 24–72 h of symptom onset) is better than delayed surgery (>7 days) for most patients with grade I and II diseases. Percutaneous cholecystostomy and novel endoscopic gallbladder drainage interventions may be used as a temporizing measure or as definitive therapy in those who are too sick to undergo surgery. Studies are conflicting as to whether antibiotics are required for the treatment of uncomplicated cases.

Summary
Cholecystectomy remains the only definitive therapy for acute cholecystitis. Current guidelines recommend treatment on the basis of disease severity at presentation. Antibiotics and a variety of minimally invasive nonsurgical interventions, although not definitive, play an adjunctive role in the management of the disease.
Effectiveness of Laparoscopic Surgery for Obstructive Colorectal Cancer After Tube Decompression
Authors: Kanemitsu Kiyonori , Sumi Yasuo , Yamashita Kimihiro , Ymamoto Masashi , Kanaji Shingo , Oshikiri Taro , Nakamura Tetsu , Suzuki Satoshi , Toyokawa Akihiro , Kakeji Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2016

Background:
It is debatable whether laparoscopic surgery is suitable for obstructive colorectal cancer.

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and oncological effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery after tube decompression for obstructive colorectal cancer in 54 patients (18 laparoscopic resections, 36 open resections).

Results:
There were no significant differences between groups with respect to mean size, location, depth, and stage of tumor, median operating times, or median number of lymph nodes retrieved. Abdominal wound infection rate was significantly lower in the laparoscopic than in the open group (0%:22%, P=0.02), as were mean times to first gas passage after surgery (2.3:3.4 d, P=0.002) and mean postoperative hospital stays (16:24.3 d, P=0.03). The 3-year disease-free survival rate of curative resection cases in the laparoscopic (85%) and open (72%) groups were not significantly different.

Conclusions:
Laparoscopic surgery after tube decompression achieves faster recovery and equal oncological outcome as open surgery and should be a treatment of choice for obstructive colorectal cancer.
Comparison of Perioperative Complications by Route of Hysterectomy Performed for Benign Conditions
Authors: Rahimi Salma , Jeppson Peter C. , Gattoc Leda , Westermann Lauren , Cichowski Sara , Raker Chris , Weber LeBrun Emily , Sung Vivian 
Published: July 2016

Objective
The aim of this study was to compare perioperative complications by route of hysterectomy before and after the introduction of robotic surgery.

Methods
This is an ancillary analysis of a multicenter, retrospective cohort study with historical controls through the Fellows’ Pelvic Research Network. Hysterectomies performed for benign conditions were collected prior to introduction of the robot (prerobot) and the year after introduction of the robot (postrobot) at each institution. To obtain a representative annual case distribution for each institution, a maximum of 20 cases per month were selected using stratified random sampling. Patient demographics and intraoperative and postoperative complication data were collected.

Results
One thousand four hundred forty cases were included in this study, 732 in the prerobot and 708 in the postrobot period. Intraoperative complications in the prerobot group were highest in the abdominal group (7.4%) followed by vaginal (3.9%) and laparoscopic (3.7%) groups. Postoperative complications were higher in the vaginal (8.3%) and abdominal (7.4%) groups compared with laparoscopic (1.8%) groups (P = 0.03), because of a higher proportion of infections. In the postrobot period, intraoperative complications were lower in the vaginal (2.8%), robotic (3%), and laparoscopic (4.6%) groups compared with abdominal (10.8%) (P = 0.04). Postoperative complications were lowest in the vaginal (5.1%), laparoscopic (3.6%), and robotic (3%) approaches compared with the abdominal (13.9%) approach (P = 0.003).

Conclusions
Vaginal hysterectomy has comparable rates of perioperative complications when compared with robotic and laparoscopic approaches and should be considered as a primary surgical approach in the growing armamentarium of minimally invasive approaches for hysterectomy for benign conditions.
One-Year Outcomes After Minimally Invasive Sacrocolpopexy
Authors: Kenton Kimberly , Mueller Elizabeth R. , Tarney Christopher , Bresee Catherine , Anger Jennifer T. 
Published: July 2016

Objective
The primary aim of this study was to report anatomic, symptom, and quality of life outcomes in women with symptomatic stage 2 or greater prolapse 1 year after randomization to robotic and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy.

Methods
This is a planned ancillary analysis of the Abdominal Colpopexy: Comparison of Endoscopic Surgical Strategies trial, a randomized comparative effectiveness trial comparing costs and outcomes of robotic and laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy at 2 academic medical centers. At baseline and 1 year after surgery, women underwent standardized assessment including validated subjective pelvic floor outcomes and physical examination with prolapse assessment.

Results
Sixty six (85%) of 78 randomized participants completed 1-year follow-up: 33 (87%) of 38 in the laparoscopic arm and 33 (83%) of 40 in the robotic arm (P = 0.59). Ninety-seven percent (32/33) in the laparoscopic group and 100% (33/33) in the robotic arm considered that their prolapse symptoms improved (P = 0.999). The cohort had significant improvement in all pelvic floor symptom and quality of life measures, which did not differ by treatment arm. Of women who were sexually active at 1 year, sexual function improved in both cohorts. No new serious adverse events, including mesh exposure or reoperation for prolapse, were identified between 6 months and 1 year after surgery. No women had a sacrocolpopexy mesh complication or reoperation for mesh exposure.

Conclusions
Minimally invasive sacrocolpopexy is associated with significant improvement in pelvic floor symptoms, anatomy, and sexual function. In addition, mesh exposure rates with lightweight polypropylene mesh seem to be lower than those reported with multifilament and heavier polypropylene mesh.
Acetyl-l-Carnitine Augmentation of Clozapine in Partial-Responder Schizophrenia: A 12-Week, Open-Label Uncontrolled Preliminary Study
Authors: Bruno Antonio , Pandolfo Gianluca , Crucitti Manuela , Lorusso Simona , Zoccali Rocco Antonio , Muscatello Maria Rosaria Anna 
Published: July 2016

Objectives
This was the first 12-week, open-label, uncontrolled trial aimed at exploring the efficacy of acetyl-l-carnitine (ALC) add-on pharmacotherapy on clinical symptoms and cognitive functioning in 15 schizophrenia patients with suboptimal clinical response despite receiving clozapine (CLZ) monotherapy at the highest tolerated dosage.

Methods
After clinical (Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale [PANSS]) and neuropsychological (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Stroop Color-Word Test, Verbal Fluency Test) assessments, patients received 1 g/d of ALC for 12 weeks.

Results
A final sample of 9 subjects completed the study. Acetyl-l-carnitine augmentation of CLZ significantly reduced only PANSS domains “positive” (P = 0.049); at end point, only 2 subjects (22.2% of the completers) reached a minimal improvement (25% reduction in PANSS total score). No significant differences emerged in cognitive performances at the end of the study; effect sizes were small in each explored cognitive dimension.

Conclusions
The findings provide preliminary evidence that ALC added to ongoing CLZ treatment appeared to be ineffective to improve symptoms in schizophrenia patients who have failed to respond sufficiently to CLZ. Further trials with adequately powered methodology are needed to identify which augmentation strategies are more effective in schizophrenia patients showing a suboptimal response to CLZ.
Ganglion Cell Complex Loss in Chiasmal Compression by Brain Tumors
Authors: Tieger Marisa G. , Hedges Thomas R. , Ho Joseph , Erlich-Malona Natalie K. , Vuong Laurel N. , Athappilly Geetha K. , Mendoza-Santiesteban Carlos E. 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Patterns of ganglion cell complex (GCC) loss detected by optical coherence tomography provide an objective measure of optic nerve injury. These patterns aid in early diagnosis and localization of chiasmal lesions.

Methods:
Twenty-three patients with chiasmal compression seen between 2010 and 2015 were imaged with the Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography macular cube 512 × 128, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) scan protocols and automated (30-2 Humphrey) visual fields (VFs). Age-matched controls were included for comparison. Generalized estimating equations were performed comparing RNFL and GCC thicknesses between patients and their controls. Effect size (d) was calculated to assess the magnitude of difference between patients and controls. The average GCC and RNFL thicknesses also were correlated with VF mean deviation (MD). Pre operative average GCC thickness was correlated to post operative VF MD.

Results:
Patterns of GCC thinning corresponded to VF defects. The average GCC thickness was 67 ± 9 μm in patients and 86 ± 5 μm in controls (P < 0.001). The effect size was the greatest for GCC thickness (d = 2.72). The mean deviation was better correlated with GCC thickness (r2 =0.25) than RNFL thicknesses (r2 =0.15). Postoperatively, VF MD improved in 7 of 8 patients with persistent nasal GCC thinning. Six patients had no VF defect and showed statistically significant loss of GCC compared with controls (P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Distinct patterns of GCC loss were identified in patients with chiasmal compression. Binasal GCC loss was typical and could be seen with minimal or no detectable VF loss. Thinning of the GCC may be detected before loss of the RNFL in some patients. After decompression, the majority of patients showed improvement in VF despite persistent GCC loss. Patients with less GCC loss before decompression had better postoperative VFs. Therefore, GCC analysis may be an objective method to diagnose and follow patients with chiasmal lesions.
Persistent activation of interlinked Th2-airway epithelial gene networks in sputum-derived cells from aeroallergen-sensitized symptomatic atopic asthmatics
Authors: Jones Anya C. , Troy Niamh M. , White Elisha , Hollams Elysia M. , Gout Alexander M. , Ling Kak-Ming , Kicic Anthony , Sly Peter D , Holt Patrick G , Hall Graham L , Bosco Anthony 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTRationaleAtopic asthma is a persistent disease characterized by intermittent wheeze and progressive loss of lung function. The disease is thought to be driven primarily by chronic aeroallergen-induced Th2-associated airways inflammation. However, the vast majority of atopics do not develop asthma-related wheeze, despite ongoing exposure to aeroallergens to which they are strongly sensitized, indicating that additional pathogenic mechanism(s) operate in conjunction with Th2 immunity to drive asthma pathogenesis.ObjectivesEmploy systems level analyses to identify inflammation-associated gene networks operative at baseline in sputum-derived RNA from house dust mite-sensitized (HDMs) subjects with/without wheezing history; identify networks characteristic of the ongoing asthmatic state. All subjects resided in the constitutively-HDMhigh Perth environment.MethodsGenome wide expression profiling by RNASeq followed by gene coexpression network analysis.Measurements/ResultsHDMs-nonwheezers displayed baseline gene expression in sputum including IL-5, IL-13 and CCL17. HDMs-wheezers showed equivalent expression of these classical Th2-effector genes but their overall baseline sputum signatures were more complex, comprising hundreds of Th2-associated and epithelial-associated genes, networked into two separate coexpression modules. The first module was connected by the hubs EGFR, ERBB2, CDH1 and IL-13. The second module was associated with CDHR3, and contained genes that control mucociliary clearance.ConclusionsOur findings provide new insight into the inflammatory mechanisms operative at baseline in the airway mucosal microenvironment in atopic asthmatics undergoing natural perennial aeroallergen exposure. The molecular mechanism(s) that determine susceptibility to asthma amongst these subjects involve interactions between Th2-and epithelial function-associated genes within a complex co-expression network, which is not operative in equivalently sensitized/exposed atopic non-asthmatics.FundingThis study was funded by the Asthma Foundation WA, the Department of Health WA, and the NHMRC. AB is funded by a BrightSpark Foundation McCusker Fellowship. GLH is a NHMRC Fellow. AG is supported by the McCusker Charitable Foundation Bioinformatics Centre. ACJ is a recipient of an Australian Postgraduate Award and a Top-Up Award from the University of Western Australia.
R-spondin1 regulates muscle progenitor cell fusion through control of antagonist Wnt signaling pathways
Authors: Lacour Floriane , Vezin Elsa , Bentzinger Florian , Sincennes Marie-Claude , Mitchell Robert D. , Patel Ketan , Rudnicki Michael A. , Chaboissier Marie-Christine , Chassot Anne-Amandine , Le Grand Fabien 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYTissue regeneration requires the selective activation and repression of specific signaling pathways in stem cells. As such, the Wnt signaling pathways have been shown to control stem cell fate. In many cell types, the R-Spondin (Rspo) family of secreted proteins acts as potent activators of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Here, we identify Rspo1 as a mediator of skeletal muscle tissue repair. Firstly we show thatRspo1-nullmuscles do not display any abnormalities at the basal level. However deletion ofRspo1results in global alteration of muscle regeneration kinetics following acute injury. We found that muscle stem cells lackingRspo1show delayed differentiation. Transcriptome analysis further demonstrated that Rspo1 is required for the activation of Wnt/β-catenin target genes in muscle cells. Furthermore, muscle cells lackingRspo1fuse with a higher frequency than normal cells, leading to larger myotubes containing more nuclei bothin vitroandin vivo. We found the increase in muscle fusion was dependent on up-regulation of non-canonical Wnt7a/Fzd7/Rac1 signaling. We conclude that antagonistic control of canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways by Rspo1 in muscle stem cell progeny is important for restitution of normal muscle architecture during skeletal muscle regeneration.
ADPriboDB: The Database of ADP-ribosylated Proteins
Authors: Vivelo Christina A. , Wat Ricky , Agrawal Charul , Yi Tee Hui , Leung Anthony K. L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTADP-ribosylation refers to the addition of one or more ADP-ribose units onto proteins post-translationally. This protein modification is often added by ADP-ribosyltransferases, commonly known as PARPs, but it can also be added by other enzymes, including sirtuins or bacterial toxins. While past literature has utilized a variety of methods to identify ADP-ribosylated proteins, recent proteomics studies bring the power of mass spectrometry to determine sites of the modification. To appreciate the diverse roles of ADP-ribosylation across the proteome, we have created ADPriboDB—a database of ADP-ribosylated proteins (http://ADPriboDB.leunglab.org). Each entry of ADPriboDB is annotated manually by at least two independent curators from the literature between January 1975 and July 2015. The current database includes over 12,400 protein entries from 459 publications, identifying 2,389 unique proteins. Here we describe the structure and the current state of ADPriboDB as well as the criteria for entry inclusion. Using this aggregate data, we identified a statistically significant enrichment of ADP-ribosylated proteins in non-membranous RNA granules. To our knowledge, ADPriboDB is the first publicly available database encapsulating ADP-ribosylated proteins identified from the past 40 years, with a hope to facilitate the research of both basic scientists and clinicians to better understand ADP-ribosylation at the molecular level.
A holistic school-based nutrition program fails to improve teachers’ nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in rural China
Authors: Wang Dongxu , Stewart Donald , Chang Chun 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of a holistic school-based nutrition programme using the health-promoting school (HPS) approach, on teachers’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in relation to nutrition in rural China.Design/methodology/approach– A cluster-randomised intervention trial design was employed. Two middle schools were randomly selected and assigned to either the intervention school using the HPS framework (HPS School), or to the Control School, in Miyun County, Beijing. From each school 20 teachers were randomly selected to complete the survey. Nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour were measured at pre- and post-intervention surveys with the same instrument. The nutrition intervention last for six months.Findings– The holistic school-based nutrition programme using the HPS framework had no statistical impact on improving teacher’s knowledge, attitudes and behaviour in relation to nutrition (p> 0.05).Practical implications– Future holistic school-based nutrition programmes targeting adolescents should also design and implement longer and more intensive interventions for teachers focusing on how to equip them with the awareness and ability to disseminate their knowledge, positive attitudes and role model behaviours to students, rather than on how to teach them basic knowledge and skills.Originality/value– Although teachers play a critical role in the HPS framework, there is very limited published research investigating the change in teachers’ nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes and behaviour as a result of a nutrition promotion programme.