bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Long-Term Behavior by the Size of Lead Rubber Bearings
Authors: Park Junhee , Choun Young-Sun , Kim Min Kyu 
Published: December 2016

In the nuclear power plants (NPPs), the base isolators can be used to decrease the seismic force (acceleration, shear force, floor response spectra).
During the lifetime of isolation systems, the mechanical properties of rubber bearings will be constantly changed by the vulcanization and degradation of the rubber due to environmental and chemical factors such as the thermal oxidation, ultraviolet irradiation, and ozone. Usually, thermal oxidation is the most significant degradation factors during the lifetime of natural rubber. Thermal oxidation hardens the rubber and results in a significant decrease in performance. It was presented that the stiffness was increased and damping was decreased by the aging of lead rubber bearings (LRB). It can be observed that the horizontal stiffness of rubber bearings increases about 10% after 15 to 40 years. Considering aging effect of bearings at the design stage, AASHTO [1999] suggested an aging factor for the post-yield stiffness in LRBs. The aging of LRB may be proceeded from the surface to internal because the aging of rubber bearings mainly affected by the oxidation. Therefore, the long-term behavior of LRB can different according to the size. In this study, the horizontal stiffness and damping was evaluated by the size of LRB using the analytical model.
The LRBs with an outside diameter of 250 mm (D-250) and an outside diameter of 1,500 mm (D-1500) were selected as example model. In this study, Yeo model was used to model the properties of rubber material and ABAQUS was used as the analysis program. Aging depth of LRB was assumed to be 11 mm and 16 mm based on the accelerated thermal oxidation test.
From the analysis result, the effective stiffness of LRB of D-250 was increased about 15%∼22% while the effective stiffness of LRB of D-1500 was increased about 4%∼9%. Although the aging depth of LRB was equal, the ratio aging area to total area of LRB was different according to the size of bearings. Therefore, the mechanical properties factors should be proposed considering the size of LRB.
Critical Flaw Evaluation of Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel: Deterministic and Probabilistic Fracture Analyses
Authors: Uddin M. F. , Kurth R. E. , Sallaberry C. , Wilkowski G. M. , Brust F. W. , Rudland D. 
Published: December 2016

Toughness reduction in cast austenitic stainless steels (CASS) due to thermal embrittlement is a growing concern for flaw tolerance evaluation in nuclear power plants. As the fracture toughness diminishes due to thermal-aging, some aged CASS materials have the potential to reach much lower toughness values than at the beginning of life. CASS also shows a high variability in toughness even for a given chemical composition, operating temperature, ferrite number or chrome equivalent. This is mainly due to the combined ferritic and austenitic microstructure and potentially large grain sizes. This variability in toughness needs to be used when developing flaw evaluation criteria in Section XI of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.
In this work, deterministic critical flaw size evaluations were conducted for one of the low-toughness CASS materials with a ferrite number (FN) lower than 25. Six different methods were used to evaluate the critical flaw sizes for circumferential surface flaws. In order to account for the large variability in CASS material properties, a probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) procedure was developed. Based on all deterministic analyses, the Dimensionless Plastic-Zone Parameter analysis was used to perform the probabilistic critical flaw evaluation. As an example calculation, an actual toughness distribution from a single US PWR plant chemical composition (using a thermal-aging model) was used to perform the probabilistic analysis. The probabilistic analysis provides the critical flaw sizes at various stress ratios for Service Level A (10−6) and Service Level B (10−5) probability of failure for this particular case.
Spatiotopic coding during dynamic head tilt
Authors: Mikellidou Kyriaki , Turi Marco , Burr David C. 
Published: December 2016

Humans maintain a stable representation of the visual world effortlessly, despite constant movements of the eyes, head, and body, across multiple planes. Whereas visual stability in the face of saccadic eye movements has been intensely researched, fewer studies have investigated retinal image transformations induced by head movements, especially in the frontal plane. Unlike head rotations in the horizontal and sagittal planes, tilting the head in the frontal plane is only partially counteracted by torsional eye movements and consequently induces a distortion of the retinal image to which we seem to be completely oblivious. One possible mechanism aiding perceptual stability is an active reconstruction of a spatiotopic map of the visual world, anchored in allocentric coordinates. To explore this possibility, we measured the positional motion aftereffect (PMAE; the apparent change in position after adaptation to motion) with head tilts of ∼42° between adaptation and test (to dissociate retinal from allocentric coordinates). The aftereffect was shown to have both a retinotopic and spatiotopic component. When tested with unpatterned Gaussian blobs rather than sinusoidal grating stimuli, the retinotopic component was greatly reduced, whereas the spatiotopic component remained. The results suggest that perceptual stability may be maintained at least partially through mechanisms involving spatiotopic coding.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Given that spatiotopic coding could play a key role in maintaining visual stability, we look for evidence of spatiotopic coding after retinal image transformations caused by head tilt. To this end, we measure the strength of the positional motion aftereffect (PMAE; previously shown to be largely spatiotopic after saccades) after large head tilts. We find that, as with eye movements, the spatial selectivity of the PMAE has a large spatiotopic component after head rotation.
Alcohol Intake and Risk of Incident Melanoma: A Pooled Analysis of Three Prospective Studies in the United States
Authors: Rivera Andrew , Nan Hongmei , Li Tricia , Qureshi Abrar , Cho Eunyoung 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackground: Alcohol consumption is associated with increased risk of numerous cancers, but existing evidence for an association with melanoma is equivocal. No study has evaluated the association with different anatomic locations of melanoma.Methods: We used data from three large prospective cohort studies to investigate whether alcohol intake was associated with risk of melanoma. Alcohol intake was assessed repeatedly by food-frequency questionnaires. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs).Results: A total of 1,374 cases of invasive melanoma were documented during 3,855,706 person-years of follow-up. There was an association between higher alcohol intake and incidence of invasive melanoma (pooled multivariate HR 1.14 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.00–1.29] per drink/day; Ptrend = 0.04). Among alcoholic beverages, white wine consumption was associated with an increased risk of melanoma (pooled multivariate HR 1.13 [95% CI, 1.04–1.24] per drink/day; Ptrend &lt;0.01) after adjusting for other alcoholic beverages. The association between alcohol consumption and melanoma risk was stronger for melanoma in relatively UV-spared sites (trunk) versus more UV-exposed sites (head, neck, or extremities). Compared with nondrinkers, the pooled multivariate-adjusted HRs for ≥20 g/day of alcohol were 1.02 (95% CI, 0.64–1.62; Ptrend = 0.25) for melanomas of the head, neck, and extremities and 1.73 (95% CI, 1.25–2.38; Ptrend = 0.02) for melanomas of the trunk.Conclusions: Alcohol intake was associated with a modest increase in the risk of melanoma, particularly in UV-protected sites.Impact: These findings further support American Cancer Society Guidelines for Cancer Prevention to limit alcohol intake. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(12); 1550–8. ©2016 AACR.
Mountain Waves, Downslope Winds, and Low-Level Blocking Forced by a Midlatitude Cyclone Encountering an Isolated Ridge
Authors: Menchaca Maximo Q. , Durran Dale R. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The interaction of a midlatitude cyclone with an isolated north–south mountain barrier is examined using numerical simulation. A prototypical cyclone develops from an isolated disturbance in a baroclinically unstable shear flow upstream of the ridge, producing a cold front that interacts strongly with the topography. The structure and evolution of the lee waves launched by the topography are analyzed, including their temporal and their north–south variation along the ridge. Typical mountain wave patterns are generated by a 500-m-high mountain, but these waves often exhibit significant differences from the waves produced in 2D or 3D simulations with steady large-scale-flow structures corresponding to the instantaneous conditions over the mountain in the evolving flow. When the mountain height is 2 km, substantial wave breaking occurs, both at low levels in the lee and in the lower stratosphere. Despite the north–south uniformity of the terrain profile, large north–south variations are apparent in wave structure and downslope winds. In particular, for a 24-h period beginning after the cold front passes the upstream side of the ridge toward the south, strong downslope winds occur only in the northern half of the lee of the ridge. Just prior to this period, the movement of the cold front across the northern lee slopes is complex and accompanied by a burst of strong downslope winds and intense vertical velocities.
A Self-Organizing-Map-Based Evaluation of the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System Using Observations from a 30-m Instrumented Tower on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Nigro Melissa A. , Cassano John J. , Wille Jonathan , Bromwich David H. , Lazzara Matthew A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Accurate representation of the stability of the surface layer in numerical weather prediction models is important because of the impact it has on forecasts of surface energy, moisture, and momentum fluxes. It also impacts boundary layer processes such as the generation of turbulence, the creation of near-surface flows, and fog formation. This paper uses observations from a 30-m automatic weather station on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, to evaluate the near-surface layer in the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS), a numerical weather prediction system used for forecasting in Antarctica. The method of self-organizing maps (SOM) is used to identify characteristic potential temperature anomaly profiles observed at the 30-m tower. The SOM-identified profiles are then used to evaluate the performance of AMPS as a function of atmospheric stability.
The results indicate AMPS underpredicts the frequency of near-neutral profiles and instead overpredicts the frequency of weakly unstable and weak to moderately stable profiles. AMPS does not forecast the strongest statically stable patterns observed by Tall Tower, but in the median, the AMPS forecasts are more statically stable across all wind speeds, indicating a possible mechanical mixing error or a negative radiation bias. The SOM analysis identifies a negative radiation bias under near-neutral to weakly stable conditions, causing an overrepresentation of the static stability in AMPS. AMPS has a positive wind speed bias in moderate to strongly stable conditions, which generates too much mechanical mixing and an underrepresentation of the static stability. Model errors increase with increasing atmospheric stability.
Identification of microRNA signature and potential pathway targets in prostate cancer
Authors: Moustafa Ahmed A , Ziada Mohammed , Elshaikh Abubaker , Datta Amrita , Kim Hogyoung , Moroz Krzysztof , Srivastav Sudesh , Thomas Raju , Silberstein Jonathan L , Moparty Krishnarao , Salem Fatma Elzahraa H , El-Habit Ola H , Abdel-Mageed Asim B 
Published: December 2016

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most common and the second leading cause of cancer-related death among American men. Early diagnosis is a prerequisite to improving therapeutic benefits. However, the current clinical biomarkers for PC do not reliably decipher indolent PC from other urogenital disorders. Thus, effective clinical intervention necessitates development of new biomarkers for early detection of PC. The present study aimed to identify the miRNA signature in organ-confined (Gleason Score 6) prostate tumors. MicroRNA (miRNA/miR) array analysis identified 118 upregulated and 73 downregulated miRNAs in microdissected tumors in comparison to matched neighboring normal prostate epithelium. The miRs-Plus-A1083, -92b-5p, -18a-3p, -19a-3p, -639, -3622b-3p, -3189-3p, -155-3p, -410, -1179, 548b-5p, and -4469 are predominantly expressed (7–11-fold), whereas miRs-595, 4490, -3120-5p, -1299, -21-5p, -3677-3, -let-7b-5p, -5189, 3-121-5p, -4518, -200a-5p, -3682-5p, -3689d, -3149 represent the most downregulated (12–113-fold) miRNAs in microdissected prostate tumors. The array expression profile of selected miRNA signature and their potential mRNA targets was validated by qRT-PCR analysis in PC cell lines. Integrated in silico and computational prediction analyses demonstrated that the dysregulated miRNA signature map to key regulatory factors involved in tumorigenesis, including cell cycle, apoptosis, and p53 pathways. The newly identified miRNA signature has potential clinical utility as biomarkers, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets for early detection of PC. Further studies are needed to assess the functional significance and clinical usefulness of the identified miRNAs. Impact Statement To our knowledge his is the first study of identifying miRNA signatures in microdissected indolent (Gleason score 6) prostate cancer in comparison to matched normal prostate epithelium. By employing in silico and computational prediction analysis, the study provides a landscape of potential miRNA targets and key cellular pathways involved in prostate tumorigenesis. Identification if miRNAs and their relevant targets and pathways pave the way for underpinning their mechanistic role of miRNAs in human prostate tumorigenesis, and possibly other human cancers. Importantly, the outcome of the study has important clinical implications for the management of prostate cancer, including the use of miRNA(s) as biomarkers for early detection of prostate cancer.
Fontes de informação sobre benefícios à prática de atividade física e fatores associados em adolescentes: estudo de base escolar
Authors: Silva Marcelo , Engers Patricia , Vilela Guilherme , Spohr Carla , Rombaldi Airton 
Published: November 2016

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar as fontes de informação sobre a importância da prática de atividade física e sua associação com nível de atividade física em estudantes do ensino médio da zona urbana da cidade de Pelotas, RS. Foi conduzido um estudo transversal de base escolar na cidade de Pelotas, com uma amostra de 1233 alunos de 13 a 19 anos. Foi autoaplicado um questionário contendo variáveis sociodemográficas, econômica, comportamentais e de saúde. A fonte de informação sobre importância da prática foi avaliada em duas etapas, a primeira pela pergunta: “você já foi informado que a atividade física faz bem para a saúde?” e, em caso positivo, pela solicitação de marcar a(s) opção(ões) de onde veio a informação. A prática de atividade física no lazer foi avaliada por meio de questionário. As análises bruta e ajustada foram realizadas por meio de Regressão de Poisson. Quase a totalidade dos alunos (99,8%) relatou ter sido informado que a atividade física faz bem a saúde. Entre as fontes de informação mais relatadas para rapazes e moças, respectivamente, encontram-se a televisão (93,4% IC95% 91,1-95,7; 95,9% IC95%91,0-95,3), professor de educação física (85,6% IC95% 81,1-86,8; 84,1% IC95%82,4-86,8) e médico (75,9% IC95% 72,2-79,4; 73,3% IC95% 69,8-76,7), não havendo diferença estatística entre os sexos. Após ajuste para fatores de confusão, somente a fonte de informação oriunda dos amigos permaneceu associada à prática de atividade física. Aqueles que receberam informação dos amigos mostraram 41,0% mais probabilidade de realizar atividades físicas no lazer quando comparados àqueles que não receberam.
Excesso de peso e deslocamento para a escola em adolescentes de Uruguaiana/RS
Authors: Streb Anne , Graup Susane , Bergmann Mauren , Bergmann Gabriel 
Published: November 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as associações entre a forma de deslocamento até a escola e frequência de excesso de peso em adolescentes. Este estudo descritivo foi realizado com 1.455 escolares (50,9% do sexo feminino) de 10 a 17 anos selecionados aleatoriamente em múltiplas etapas. Para caracterizar o deslocamento à escola utilizou-se um questionário em que os alunos indicaram a forma de transporte até a mesma (ativo ou passivo). O excesso de peso foi considerado pela categorização do índice de massa corporal por proposta internacional. Os dados foram descritos frequências absolutas e relativas e o intervalo de confiança de 95%. As análises de associação bruta foram realizadas pelo teste Qui-Quadrado. As análises ajustadas foram realizadas pela regressão logística binária e a magnitude das associações foi medida pela Odds Ratio (OR). O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Do total da amostra, 75,7% (IC95%: 73,5-77,9) apresentou deslocamento ativo até a escola e 27,8% (IC95%: 25,4-30,2) foi classificado com excesso de peso. A análise de regressão, com ajuste para sexo, idade, nível socioeconômico e zona de moradia, indicou que adolescentes que realizam o deslocamento para a escola de forma passiva tem mais chance (OR:1,50; IC95%:1,12-2,01) de apresentarem excesso de peso. Quando a análise é estratificada por sexo, a associação permanece significativa apenas entre as meninas (p<0,05). Os resultados obtidos sugerem que realizar deslocamento passivo até a escola está associado ao excesso de peso em adolescentes.
Overcoming Salience Bias: How Real-Time Feedback Fosters Resource Conservation
Authors: Tiefenbeck Verena , Goette Lorenz , Degen Kathrin , Tasic Vojkan , Fleisch Elgar , Lalive Rafael , Staake Thorsten 
Published: November 2016

Inattention and imperfect information bias behavior toward the salient and immediately visible. This distortion creates costs for individuals, the organizations in which they work, and society at large. We show that an effective way to overcome this bias is by making the implications of one’s behavior salient in real time, while individuals can directly adapt. In a large-scale field experiment, we gave participants real-time feedback on the resource consumption of a daily, energy-intensive activity (showering). We find that real-time feedback reduced resource consumption for the target behavior by 22%. At the household level, this led to much larger conservation gains in absolute terms than conventional policy interventions that provide aggregate feedback on resource use. High baseline users displayed a larger conservation effect, in line with the notion that real-time feedback helps eliminate “slack” in resource use. The approach is cost effective, is technically applicable to the vast majority of households, and generated savings of 1.2 kWh per day and household, which exceeds the average energy use for lighting. The intervention also shows how digitalization in our everyday lives makes information available that can help individuals overcome salience bias and act more in line with their preferences. This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
More Job Services—Better Employment Outcomes: Increasing Job Attainment for People With IDD
Authors: Nord Derek , Hepperlen Renee 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Job search, job placement, and on-the-job supports are valuable services provided to many people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) to obtain work in the community. Investigating those who were unemployed at the time of service entry, this study seeks to extend understanding about the effect of services. Using extant data, a sample of 39,277 people with IDD using Vocational Rehabilitation services were studied to understand the potential cumulative effects of these job-related services and individual characteristics on job attainment. Findings showed people with IDD of different demographic groups had different outcomes. Also, those receiving three job-related services were 16 times more likely to obtain employment than the reference group. This study has wide implications for research, policy, and practice.
Is It Worth It? Benefits in Research With Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: McDonald Katherine E. , Conroy Nicole E. , Olick Robert S. ,   the Project ETHICS Expert Panel
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Including adults with intellectual disability in research promotes direct benefits to participants and larger societal benefits. Stakeholders may have different views of what count as benefits and their importance. We compared views on benefits in research with adults with intellectual disability among adults with intellectual disability, family and friends, service providers, researchers, and institutional review board members. We found that adults with intellectual disability value direct and indirect research benefits, and want to participate in research that offers them. Other stakeholders generally see less value in direct benefits and predict more tempered interest in research participation as compared to adults with intellectual disability. To promote respectful research participation, research policy and practice should incorporate the views of adults with intellectual disability.
Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak Akuisisi Data dan Kontrol Difraktometer Serbuk Resolusi Tinggi
Authors: Bharoto Bharoto , Insani Andon 
Published: November 2016

Pada tulisan ini, dipresentasikan sebuah sistem akuisisi data dan kendali untuk difraktometer serbuk resolusi tinggi (High Resolution Powder Diffractometer, HRPD). Sistem terdiri dari dua bagian yaitu bagian kontrol instrumen seperti sistem penggerak, sistem pembaca posisi, dan sistem pencacah pulsa neutron, dan bagian akuisisi data yang mengendalikan instrumen secara otomatis sesuai dengan mode pengukuran yang diinginkan. Tampilan perangkat lunak ini dibuat sedemikian rupa sehingga tampak lebih user friendly, dan memudahkan pengguna dalam melakukan eksperimen karena perangkat lunak ini akan melakukan pengukuran secara otomatis tanpa ada intervensi lebih lanjut dari pengguna sesuai dengan parameter yang dimasukkan pengguna. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa perangkat lunak ini telah berjalan dengan baik dibuktikan dengan pengukuran kinerja dengan menggunakan peralatan difraktometer serbuk resolusi tinggi.