bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Voltage clamping circuit with ±100 mV precision in high‐voltage OTA
Authors: Easwaran S.N. , Venugopal S.K. , Weigel R. 
Published: April 2016

It is shown that precise output voltage clamping levels can be achieved under any operating condition by clamping the input of operational transconductance amplifier to a process insensitive reference and multiplexing the levels based on comparator decision. This circuit was implemented in a 40 V bipolar CMOS process. The fabricated circuit clamps the output voltage at 5.4 V with a precision of ±100 mV at 175°C on‐chip junction temperature on the die. The input range for this circuit is between 100 mV and 25 V.
High‐performance operation of distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade lasers
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Liu Junqi , Liu Fengqi , Zhang Jinchuan , Wang Zhanguo 
Published: April 2016

Carefully designed distributed feedback terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on surface metallic‐stripe grating structure are presented. Stable single‐mode emission with a side‐mode suppression ratio of >20 dB is obtained under all injection currents and operating temperatures. Maximum edge‐emitting power of 58 mW is realised in continuous‐wave mode. In pulsed mode, record output powers of 286 mW at 10 K and 82 mW at 77 K are achieved at 97.1 μm with a well‐shaped beam pattern.
Nanostructured ZnO thin film with improved optical and electrochemical properties prepared by hydrothermal electrochemical deposition technique
Authors: Biswas Indranil , Majumder Mousumi , Roy (Kundu) Piyali , Mukherjee Debadrita , Chakraborty Ashim Kumar 
Published: April 2016

Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films were grown on fluorine‐doped tin oxide coated glass substrate by the hydrothermal electrochemical deposition (HTED) route using slightly acidic aqueous zinc acetate solution at 80°C and were characterised by various techniques. The deposited films showed n‐type behaviour with improved carrier concentration. The steady state photocurrent densities were found to be 0.4 mA/cm2 (under UV irradiation) and 8 µA/cm2 (under visible light illumination) at zero bias potential. Significant improvement of optical, electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties of deposited films could be achieved using HTED technique.
Bistable memory and logic‐gate devices fabricated by intercrossed stacking of graphene–ferroelectric hybrid ribbons
Authors: Kim Woo Young , Kim Hyeon‐Don , Jeon Gwang‐Jae , Kang In‐Ku , Shim Hyun Bin , Kim Tae‐Hyo , Lee Hee Chul 
Published: April 2016

A ferroelectric‐gated graphene field‐effect transistor was fabricated by consecutively stacking two distinct graphene–ferroelectric hybrid ribbons at right angles. Two graphene layers play different roles. One graphene layer acts as a gate electrode and the other graphene layer acts as a channel between two electrodes, source and drain. Electric gating at the gate graphene modulates the resistance of the channel graphene. By means of ferroelectric polarisation, bistable resistance states of the channel graphene could be recorded, and the retention time of bistability was estimated to be 460 days by extrapolating of two resistance values in time–resistance relationships. Furthermore, the underlying concept to fabricate bistable memory device was extended to the methodology to realise a logic‐gate device by stacking three distinct graphene–ferroelectric hybrid ribbons.
A transcriptional signature of Alzheimer’s disease is associated with a metastable subproteome at risk for aggregation
Authors: Ciryam Prajwal , Kundra Rishika , Freer Rosie , Morimoto Richard I. , Dobson Christopher M. , Vendruscolo Michele 
Published: April 2016

SignificanceAlzheimer’s disease, the most common cause of dementia, has been associated with a complex transcriptional response. To define the nature of this response, we carried out a comprehensive analysis that reveals a set of differentially expressed genes encoding proteins at risk for aggregation. These results identify a transcriptional signature of Alzheimer’s disease consisting of down-regulated genes corresponding to a highly expressed “metastable subproteome” prone to aggregation. Our analysis of this metastable subproteome singles out a small number of biochemical pathways enriched in proteins that are simultaneously supersaturated in control brains and encoded by genes down-regulated in Alzheimer’s disease.
Covert neurofeedback without awareness shapes cortical network spontaneous connectivity
Authors: Ramot Michal , Grossman Shany , Friedman Doron , Malach Rafael 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Real-time functional MRI allows the use of well-localized, complex network activity patterns to drive neurofeedback, rather than a simple up/down regulation of a specific cortical region. We based our feedback on differential levels of activity in two high-order visual areas but misled participants to believe the feedback was random. Even without being given an explicit strategy, or having any awareness or intention of learning, our results show changes in resting-state connectivity, which are correlated with the ability to implicitly modulate interactions between neural networks to positively impact feedback. This opens up numerous possibilities for research, as well as for potential clinical intervention, even in states of altered consciousness.
Contrasting variability patterns in the default mode and sensorimotor networks balance in bipolar depression and mania
Authors: Martino Matteo , Magioncalda Paola , Huang Zirui , Conio Benedetta , Piaggio Niccolò , Duncan Niall W. , Rocchi Giulio , Escelsior Andrea , Marozzi Valentina , Wolff Annemarie , Inglese Matilde , Amore Mario , Northoff Georg 
Published: April 2016

SignificanceDepressive and manic phases in bipolar disorder show opposite constellations of affective, cognitive, and psychomotor symptoms. These may be related to disbalance between large-scale networks, such as the default-mode (DMN) and sensorimotor network (SMN) that are involved in these functions. The variability of resting-state signal amplitude—an index of neuronal activity—of large-scale networks and their balances was investigated in bipolar disorder. The DMN/SMN balance was tilted toward the DMN in depression (characterized by excessive focus on internal thought contents and psychomotor inhibition) and toward the SMN in mania (characterized by excessive focus on external environmental contents and psychomotor overexcitement). Accordingly, the contrasting symptoms of depression and mania may be related to opposite spatiotemporal patterns in the resting-state structure.
Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 30: An RNA-binding zinc-finger protein with an unexpected 2Fe–2S cluster
Authors: Shimberg Geoffrey D. , Michalek Jamie L. , Oluyadi Abdulafeez A. , Rodrigues Andria V. , Zucconi Beth E. , Neu Heather M. , Ghosh Shanchari , Sureschandra Kanisha , Wilson Gerald M. , Stemmler Timothy L. , Michel Sarah L. J. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 30 (CPSF30) is part of a complex of proteins, collectively called CPSF, that direct pre-mRNA processing. CSPF30 is classified as a “zinc-finger” protein because it contains five repeats of three cysteine and one histidine residue (CCCH) within its amino acid sequence, which are sequences known to bind zinc in other proteins. We report that CPSF30 contains an unexpected 2Fe–2S cluster, at one of the CCCH domains, in addition to zinc. We also demonstrate that CPSF30 selectively recognizes the AU-rich “hexamer” sequence present in all pre-mRNA via a cooperative, metal-dependent binding mechanism. These findings identify a functional role for CPSF30 in pre-mRNA recognition and identify a previously unidentified Fe–S cluster in this zinc-finger protein.
Chiral plasmons without magnetic field
Authors: Song Justin C. W. , Rudner Mark S. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
A class of collective excitations is introduced, arising from the combined action of electron interactions and Berry curvature. These excitations manifest as chiral plasmonic modes at zero magnetic field. These collective modes are predicted to arise in a range of anomalous Hall metals, yielding a fundamental characteristic of interacting topological metals with non-zero Berry flux. Featuring a rich set of properties, these modes will enable versatile new tools for molding the flow of light.
Striatal structure and function predict individual biases in learning to avoid pain
Authors: Eldar Eran , Hauser Tobias U. , Dayan Peter , Dolan Raymond J. 
Published: April 2016

Significance
Our ability to learn how to avoid harm is critical for maintaining physical and mental health. However, excessive harm avoidance can be maladaptive, as evident in psychiatric disorders such as avoidant personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. We therefore investigated the neural factors underlying individual imbalances in harm avoidance behavior. Our findings show that such imbalances can be predicted by the function and structure of an individual’s striatum, a brain region that is critical for goal-directed decisionmaking. Moreover, the neural signals expressed in this region revealed key processes through which individuals learn to avoid harm. These findings highlight a neural basis for imbalanced harm avoidance behavior, extreme forms of which may contribute to psychiatric pathology.
A high-precision chronological model for the decorated Upper Paleolithic cave of Chauvet-Pont d’Arc, Ardèche, France
Authors: Quiles Anita , Valladas Hélène , Bocherens Hervé , Delqué-Količ Emmanuelle , Kaltnecker Evelyne , van der Plicht Johannes , Delannoy Jean-Jacques , Feruglio Valérie , Fritz Carole , Monney Julien , Philippe Michel , Tosello Gilles , Clottes Jean , Geneste Jean-Michel 
Published: April 2016

Significance
We compiled a set of more than 250 radiocarbon dates related to the rock art, human activities, and bone remains in the Chauvet-Pont d'Arc Cave (Ardèche, France) and derive a modeled absolute chronology of the human and cave bear occupations of this site, presented here in calendar years. It provides an insightful framework for the successive events that occurred in the cave during the Paleolithic period.
Generation of Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Detectability Half‐Lives and Comparison of Sampling Protocols for Genetic Diet Studies of San Francisco Estuary Fishes
Authors: Brandl Scott C. , Schreier Brian M. , Conrad J. Louise , May Bernie , Baerwald Melinda R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSeveral factors affect the probability of genetic analyses to detect prey in predator gut contents, including biological differences in the prey and predator species as well as differences in sampling and laboratory methodologies. Understanding these biases allows researchers to more appropriately put genetic prey detections in an ecological context. In this study, we determined the detectability half‐lives of DNA from two prey species in the guts of two predators. The half‐life detectability of juvenile Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in Striped Bass Morone saxatilis was 66.2 h, and that of larval Delta Smelt Hypomesus transpacificus in Mississippi Silverside Menidia audens was 26.4 h. Additionally, we performed a series of laboratory trials to examine the effects of variables in sample collection and preservation methodologies on the detectability of prey. Differences between methodologies were minimal, providing confidence that laboratory analyses will not be greatly affected by inconsistencies in field sampling procedures. Injecting a 95% solution of ethanol into the stomach via the esophagus immediately following collection and placing the fish on ice in the field prior to freezing at −20°C in the laboratory is a protocol readily applied in the field that will provide consistent results.Received August 19, 2015; accepted December 3, 2015 Published online April 11, 2016
Education systems and the dynamics of educational inequalities in low educational attainment: a closer look at England (UK), Finland, Luxembourg, and German-speaking Switzerland
Authors: Hadjar Andreas , Uusitalo Erica 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
For decades, reforms aiming at educational expansion attempted to boost economic growth and to reduce inequalities. This study sheds light on the link between institutional settings of the education system and educational inequalities in the course of educational expansion along two axes of inequality: social origin and gender. Looking at the educational attainment of cohorts born between 1925 and 1982 in the European Social Survey data, changing patterns of inequalities are analysed regarding four distinct education systems – England (UK), Finland, Luxembourg, and (German-speaking) Switzerland. Employing a comparative perspective, characteristics of the educational system that influence the societal change of educational levels and educational inequalities are considered. Our results show that although the patterns of educational inequalities were comparable in all four countries, Finland seems to have been the most successful in reducing educational inequalities if looking at both inequalities related to social origins and gender at the same time. However, in regard to social inequalities Switzerland also performs well.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K2 of the air-kerma standards of the CMI, Czech Republic and the BIPM in low-energy x-rays
Authors: Burns D T , Kessler C , Sochor V 
Published: April 2016

A key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the CMI, Czech Republic and the BIPM in the low-energy x-ray range. The results show the standards to be in agreement at around the level of the standard uncertainty of the comparison of 3.5 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
The non-thermal origin of the tokamak low-density stability limit
Authors: Paz-Soldan C. , La Haye R.J. , Shiraki D. , Buttery R.J. , Eidietis N.W. , Hollmann E.M. , Moyer R.A. , Boom J.E. , Chapman I.T. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
DIII-D plasmas at very low density exhibit the onset of n  =  1 error field (EF) penetration (the ‘low-density locked mode’) not at a critical density or EF, but instead at a critical level of runaway electron (RE) intensity. Raising the density during a discharge does not avoid EF penetration, so long as RE growth proceeds to the critical level. Penetration is preceded by non-thermalization of the electron cyclotron emission, anisotropization of the total pressure, synchrotron emission shape changes, as well as decreases in the loop voltage and bulk thermal electron temperature. The same phenomena occur despite various types of optimal EF correction, and in some cases modes are born rotating. Similar phenomena are also found at the low-density limit in JET. These results stand in contrast to the conventional interpretation of the low-density stability limit as being due to residual EFs and demonstrate a new pathway to EF penetration instability due to REs. Existing scaling laws for penetration project to increasing EF sensitivity as bulk temperatures decrease, though other possible mechanisms include classical tearing instability, thermo-resistive instability, and pressure-anisotropy driven instability. Regardless of the first-principles mechanism, known scaling laws for Ohmic energy confinement combined with theoretical RE production rates allow rough extrapolation of the RE criticality condition, and thus the low-density limit, to other tokamaks. The extrapolated low-density limit by this pathway decreases with increasing machine size and is considerably below expected operating conditions for ITER. While likely unimportant for ITER, this effect can explain the low-density limit of existing tokamaks operating with small residual EFs.
ELM behaviour and linear MHD stability of edge ECRH heated ASDEX Upgrade plasmas
Authors: Burckhart A. , Dunne M. , Wolfrum E. , Fischer R. , McDermott R. , Viezzer E. , Willensdorfer M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In order to test the peeling–ballooning ELM model, ECRH heating was applied to the edge of ASDEX Upgrade type-I ELMy H-mode plasmas to alter the pedestal pressure and current density profiles. The discharges were analysed with respect to ideal MHD stability. While the ELM frequency increased and the pedestal gradients relaxed with edge ECRH, the MHD stability boundary did not change. The results indicate that the peeling–ballooning model is insufficient to fully explain the triggering of ELM instabilities in the presence of edge ECRH heating.
Quality control of single-cell RNA-seq by SinQC
Authors: Jiang Peng , Thomson James A. , Stewart Ron 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Summary: Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) is emerging as a promising technology for profiling cell-to-cell variability in cell populations. However, the combination of technical noise and intrinsic biological variability makes detecting technical artifacts in scRNA-seq samples particularly challenging. Proper detection of technical artifacts is critical to prevent spurious results during downstream analysis. In this study, we present ‘Single-cell RNA-seq Quality Control’ (SinQC), a method and software tool to detect technical artifacts in scRNA-seq samples by integrating both gene expression patterns and data quality information. We apply SinQC to nine different scRNA-seq datasets, and show that SinQC is a useful tool for controlling scRNA-seq data quality.
Availability and Implementation: SinQC software and documents are available at http://www.morgridge.net/SinQC.html
Contacts: PJiang@morgridge.org or RStewart@morgridge.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Persistence of the plains mouse, Pseudomys australis, with cattle grazing is facilitated by a diet dominated by disturbance-tolerant plants
Authors: Pavey Chris R. , Jefferys Elizabeth A. , Nano Catherine E. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA suite of dryland mammals rely on refuges for long-term persistence during alternating cycles of low and high resource availability. Refuges are small, discrete areas into which populations contract during the lengthy dry periods that characterize dryland environments. Little is known about the characteristics of a location that make it functional as a refuge. Similarly, no information exists on how grazing-facilitated landscape modification affects small mammal refuges. To examine these questions, we assessed diet at refuge sites across the low phase (“bust”) of the population cycle of the plains mouse (Pseudomys australis), a threatened, refuge-using rodent coexisting with extensive cattle production in Australia’s drylands. The species has a varied diet dominated by species of grasses and forbs (mostly seeds) with a small proportion of invertebrates. Most of the plants consumed are shallow-rooted and short-lived species that should germinate in response to small rainfall events. Coexistence with cattle production is likely to be possible because grazing-tolerant plants are a dominant component of the diet. Our findings provide a plausible explanation for the persistence of P. australis with cattle production in dryland Australia, which should be further investigated to develop management strategies that will enable continued coexistence. This investigation should be extended to consider other refuge-using species of small mammal in pastoral systems.
Well-definedness and observational equivalence for inductive–coinductive programs
Authors: Basold Henning , Hansen Helle Hvid 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We define notions of well-definedness and observational equivalence for programs of mixed inductive and coinductive types. These notions are defined by means of tests formulas which combine structural congruence for inductive types and modal logic for coinductive types. Tests also correspond to certain evaluation contexts. We define a program to be well-defined if it is strongly normalizing under all tests, and two programs are observationally equivalent if they satisfy the same tests.
We show that observational equivalence is sufficiently coarse to ensure that least and greatest fixed point types are initial algebras and final coalgebras, respectively. This yields inductive and coinductive proof principles for reasoning about program behaviour. On the other hand, we argue that observational equivalence does not identify too many terms, by showing that tests induce a topology that, on streams, coincides with usual topology induced by the prefix metric.
As one would expect, observational equivalence is, in general, undecidable, but in order to develop some practically useful heuristics we provide coinductive techniques for establishing observational normalization and observational equivalence, along with up-to techniques for enhancing these methods.
Effects on Soybean of Prophylactic In-furrow Application of Insecticide and Fertilizer in Minnesota and Ohio
Authors: Koch Robert L. , Rich Walter A. , Potter Bruce D. , Hammond Ronald B. 
Published: April 2016

Use of crop inputs, including prophylactic application of insecticides, has increased in soybean production. A liquid fertilizer-ready formulation of the insecticide bifenthrin was recently labeled for in-furrow use with a starter fertilizer on soybean. An experiment was conducted at six sites (three in Minnesota and three in Ohio) in 2013 and two sites (Minnesota) in 2014 to evaluate effects on soybean of prophylactic in-furrow applications of a liquid fertilizer-ready insecticide (bifenthrin) and a 2-6-16 (N-P-K) liquid starter fertilizer alone and in combination. Across three site-years in Minnesota where insect injury was recorded, the insecticide decreased the percentage of plants with seedcorn maggot injury (P = 0.0291). However, across all site-years, insecticide and fertilizer had no effect (P > 0.05) on plant population, plant height, or grain yield. Prophylactic use of these additional inputs under typical soybean-growing conditions in this region may not provide a return on investment. Accepted for publication 24 March 2016. Published 30 March 2016.
Diseases and Disease Management Strategies Take Top Research Priority in the Watermelon Research and Development Group Members Survey (2014 to 2015)
Authors: Kousik Chandrasekar S. , Brusca James , Turechek William W. 
Published: April 2016

Watermelon is an important crop grown for its fruit in the United States and many other countries across the world. A survey of members of the Watermelon Research and Development Group was conducted (2014 to 2015) to identify and rank research priorities. Participants were asked to assign a ranking from 1 to 10 for 25 listed priorities with 1 being most important. Priorities were partitioned into five groups on the basis of the results of several complementary analyses. Based on 30 respondents included in the final analysis, diseases and strategies for their management were identified as the most important research priorities. Fusarium wilt and host resistance to gummy stem blight were considered top priorities and were included in group 1. Group 2 included bacterial fruit blotch, anthracnose resistance, Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, fruit yield, improved post-harvest fruit quality, and powdery mildew. Group 3 included seedless pollination, Phytophthora fruit rot, seedless hybrid production, hollow heart, downy mildew, firm flesh, and sugar content. Grafting methods, various viral diseases, and whitefly resistance were included in the 4th group. All write-in priorities fell into the 5th group. The present survey results indicates that research efforts should be directed towards developing solutions for managing important watermelon diseases. Accepted for publication 23 March 2016. Published 29 March 2016.