bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synoptic environments and characteristics of cold air outbreaks in the Irminger Sea
Authors: Papritz Lukas 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTCold air outbreaks (CAOs) are the dominant cause of intense wintertime upward heat fluxes in the Irminger Sea. In this study, the climatological pathways of Irminger Sea CAO airmasses and the evolution of airmass properties, as well as the large‐scale synoptic environments leading to CAO formation are examined for winter. To that end, a comprehensive, multi‐decadal climatology of Irminger Sea CAO airmasses using kinematic trajectories is presented, complemented by a composite analysis of the large‐scale synoptic environment for intense CAO events.The following three synoptic environments conducive for CAO formation are identified: (1) The westerly environment is characterized by an upper‐level trough crossing Greenland and inducing strong westerly winds at crest level, accompanied by either cyclogenesis or the intensification of an existing cyclone in the lee of Greenland. The associated CAO airmasses originate in the Canadian Arctic, overflow southern Greenland, and descend into the Irminger Sea with an according imprint in their thermodynamic evolution. (2) In the easterly cyclonic environment, one or multiple cyclones in the Nordic Seas induce northerly winds along Greenland's eastern coast that transport Arctic airmasses from Fram Strait to Denmark Strait. (3) The easterly anti‐cyclonic environment, finally, is dominated by an anti‐cyclone over Greenland with similar airmass origins and pathways as in the easterly cyclonic environment. The two easterly environments represent the limiting cases of an intermediate spectrum, whereas in contrast the westerly environment is clearly distinct. Katabatic drainage from northern Greenland contributes to the CAO airmasses in both easterly environments, whereas in the easterly cyclonic environment also marine airmasses from the Nordic Seas are involved. An important conclusion of this study is that the amount of heat extracted from the ocean by a CAO airmass depends critically on its pathway, and thus on the synoptic environment.
Younger Dryas glaciers and climate in the Mourne Mountains, Northern Ireland
Authors: Barr Iestyn D. , Roberson Sam , Flood Rory , Dortch Jason 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTHere, we present evidence to suggest that the Mourne Mountains, Northern Ireland, were last occupied by glaciers during the Younger Dryas Stadial. The margins of these glaciers are marked by moraines, chronologically constrained to the Younger Dryas by Schmidt hammer exposure dating. Reconstructions indicate that these glaciers had equilibrium‐line altitudes (ELAs) ranging from 356 ± 33 m (a.s.l.) to 570 ± 9 m (a.s.l.), with a mean of 475 ± 36 m (a.s.l.). ELAs rise from west to east, probably reflecting the contribution of windblown snow and ice to the accumulation of Younger Dryas glaciers in the western Mournes. Taking this into consideration, a mean ‘climatic’ ELA of 529 ± 4 m (a.s.l.) is calculated for the mountains as a whole. Assuming a mean annual sea level air temperature of −8 °C, and an annual temperature range of 34 °C, degree‐day modelling suggests that during the Younger Dryas, accumulation at the ‘climatic’ ELA of glaciers in the Mournes was 846–990 mm a−1. This suggests increased aridity, relative to present, and is consistent with other parts of NW Europe, where reduced precipitation alongside notable cooling is thought to reflect increased North Atlantic sea ice extent during the Younger Dryas.
Do Terrorist Attacks Leave an Identifiable ‘Fingerprint’ on International Tourist Arrival Data?
Authors: Morakabati Yeganeh , Beavis John 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article empirically examines the postulated effects of at least a single terrorist attack on the measure of monthly international arrivals. The study uses the tsoutliers R package to detect outliers in time series data following terrorist attacks in five destinations. The contribution of this paper is found in the methodological approach that was implemented consistently across all five destinations. The findings suggest that there is no evidence to support the view that there is a consistent disturbance from a well‐fitted time series (a data ‘fingerprint’) created by a terrorist attack across the five different destinations or even, in at least one case, in the same destination, at different times. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serial in‐office laser treatment of vocal fold leukoplakia: Disease control and voice outcomes
Authors: Koss Shira L. , Baxter Peter , Panossian Haig , Woo Peak , Pitman Michael J. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveAlthough vocal fold (VF) leukoplakia is commonly treated with in‐office laser, there is no data on its long‐term effectiveness. This study hypothesizes that VF leukoplakia treated by serial in‐office laser results in long‐term disease control with maintenance of voice and minimal morbidity.Study DesignRetrospective review (2008–2015).MethodsForty‐six patients with VF leukoplakia treated by in‐office KTP (potassium titanyl phosphate) or PDL (pulsed dye laser) were included. Median follow‐up from final laser treatment was 19.6 months. Main outcomes included: 1) rate of disease control, 2) percentage of disease regression using ImageJ analysis. Secondary outcomes included vocal assessment using the Voice Handicap Index‐10 (VHI‐10).ResultsPatients underwent a median of 2 (range: 1–6) in‐office laser treatments. Time between treatments was median 7.6 months. After final treatment, 19 patients (41.3%) had no disease; two patients (4.3%) progressed to invasive cancer; overall disease regression was median 77.1% (P < 0.001); and VHI‐10 score decreased by median 5 (P = 0.037). Thirty‐one patients (67.4%) were responders (controlled with in‐office treatment only); failures were 13 patients (28.3%) who required operative intervention and two patients (4%) who underwent radiation. Compared to responders, failures demonstrated significantly shorter duration between treatments (median 2.3 vs. 8.9 months, P = 0.038) and significantly less regression (median 49.3% vs. 100%, P = 0.006).ConclusionSerial outpatient KTP or PDL treatment of VF leukoplakia is effective for disease control with minimal morbidity and preservation of voice quality. We suggest that patients requiring repeated in‐office treatment every 6 months may benefit from earlier operative intervention; other factors associated with in‐office success remain unclear.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:1644–1651, 2017
Automatic active acoustic target detection in turbulent aquatic environments
Authors: Fraser Shaun , Nikora Vladimir , Williamson Benjamin J. , Scott Beth E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThere is no established approach for dealing with the active acoustic detection of biological targets in highly dynamic aquatic environments where intense physical interference means that standard techniques are unsuitable. This is a particular problem in ecologically important environments with emerging industrial significance such as marine energy extraction sites. We developed an automatic processing method which allows effective target detection with high sensitivity throughout variable acoustic conditions. The method is based on scale‐dependent adaptive filtering of data and morphological analysis of short‐scale backscatter contributions for the exclusion of intense turbulent features and isolation of biological targets. Echosounder platform deployments around marine energy infrastructure in a tidal channel provide test data which demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Target validation and assessment is carried out by the analysis of multifrequency characteristics and direct inspection. The results deliver effective, quantitative, and repeatable assessment of ecological interactions and target distributions with clear implications for environmental assessment in high energy sites and promising applications in other contexts.
The Effect of Media Multitasking on Advertising Message Effectiveness
Authors: Garaus Marion , Wagner Udo , Bäck Anna‐Maria 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe rapid evolution of information and mobile technologies enables consumers to use media content whenever and wherever they want. These developments have resulted in a new form of target audience behavior called “media multitasking.” Media multitasking describes simultaneous exposure to two or more types of media content. Extant research on this subject concentrates on the influence of media multitasking on message comprehension and recall for editorial content (i.e., TV programs). To date, limited research has examined whether simultaneous exposure to two advertisements on two devices benefits or harms message effectiveness. The current research attempts to fill this research gap by investigating the effect of media multitasking with TV and mobile Internet advertisements on message effectiveness. In particular, an online experiment confirms the assumption that media multitasking harms message effectiveness. Contrary to the theoretically derived hypotheses, it does not matter whether consumers are exposed to the same or different advertising messages during media multitasking situations. The consideration of two moderating variables—gender and media multitasking frequency—offers further insights into the individual factors that affect message effectiveness during simultaneous versus sequential media exposure.
Salvage therapy for children with relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Kodama Yuichi , Manabe Atsushi , Kawasaki Hirohide , Kato Itaru , Kato Keisuke , Sato Atsushi , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Kato Motohiro , Hiramatsu Hidefumi , Sano Hideki , Kaneko Takashi , Oda Megumi , Saito Akiko M. , Adachi Souichi , Horibe Keizo , Mizutani Shuki , Ishii Eiichi , Shimada Hiroyuki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) era, outcomes after salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome‐positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remain unclear.ProcedureThe clinical courses of 19 patients with relapse (n = 13) or induction failure (n = 6) in the Japanese Pediatric Leukemia/Lymphoma Study Group Ph+ ALL04 study were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsFifteen male and four female patients had a median age of 8 (range 4–15) years at relapse or induction failure. Patients received imatinib in combination with hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (hyper‐CVAD) and methotrexate and cytarabine (MTX/Ara‐C) (n = 9), imatinib in combination with other chemotherapy (n = 5), chemotherapy without imatinib (n = 2), imatinib alone (n = 2), or no additional chemotherapy (n = 1). Two patients underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) without achieving complete remission (CR) and died of leukemia. The remaining 17 patients achieved CR with salvage therapies and underwent HSCT whilst in CR: 10 patients remain alive in CR, five died of transplantation‐related complications, and two died of relapse. In six of seven patients with available data on minimal residual disease (MRD), imatinib in combination with the first course of hyper‐CVAD was more effective in achieving a favorable MRD response compared with the Ph+ ALL04 induction regimen.ConclusionThis study suggested that cross‐resistance to imatinib failed to develop after conventional chemotherapy. Imatinib in combination with chemotherapy including hyper‐CVAD+MTX/Ara‐C was effective and safe for relapsed or refractory Ph+ ALL patients who received frontline therapy without imatinib.
Influence of Plasticizers on the Electromechanical Behavior of a P(VDF‐TrFE‐CTFE) Terpolymer: Toward a High Performance of Electrostrictive Blends
Authors: Della Schiava Nellie , Le Minh‐Quyen , Galineau Jeremy , Domingues Dos Santos Fabrice , Cottinet Pierre‐Jean , Capsal Jean‐Fabien 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis work aims at providing a complete analysis of the effect of plasticizers on the electrostrictive terpolymer performance. To achieve this, several plasticizing agents such as 2‐ethylhexyl phtalate (DEHP), diisononyl phtalate (DINP), and palamoll 652 have been incorporated in the polymer matrix. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed novel materials exhibited excellent electromechanical enhancement in terms of transverse strain and mechanical energy density under a moderate electric field, which is definitively critical in recent microscale actuation. Another objective of this article was to explore material characteristics as a function of the DINP content, and it was found that the plasticizer weigh fraction was the key parameter determining performance of the modified fluorinate terpolymer blends. Accordingly, it was revealed that high performance flexible actuators can be achieved merely by employing a simple and cheap plasticizer, thus making it possible to overcome the current technological barrier of conventional electroactive polymers that suffer from the high applied electric field usually required to reach sufficient strain. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 355–369
Comparison of sitting and supine forced vital capacity in collagen VI‐related dystrophy and laminin α2‐related dystrophy
Authors: Meilleur Katherine G. , Linton Melody M. , Fontana Joseph , Rutkowski Anne , Elliott Jeffrey , Barton Mark , McGraw Peter , Kokkinis Angela , Donkervoort Sandra , Leach Meganne , Jain Minal , Dastgir Jahannaz , Collins James , Szczesniak Rhonda , Yang Kelly , Sawnani Hemant , Bönnemann Carsten G. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBackgroundProgressive, restrictive, respiratory insufficiency is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (CMD). Nocturnal hypoventilation precedes daytime alveolar hypoventilation, and if untreated, may lead to respiratory failure and cor pulmonale. CMD consensus care guidelines recommend screening for respiratory insufficiency by conventional and dynamic (sitting to supine) pulmonary function testing (PFT) and evaluating for sleep disordered breathing if there is more than 20% relative reduction from sitting to supine FVC(L) (ΔFVC).ObjectiveThe objective of this retrospective study was to explore and characterize dynamic FVC measures in 51 individuals with two common subtypes of CMD, COL6‐RD, and LAMA2‐RD.MethodsWe compared sitting and supine FVC in patients with confirmed mutation(s) in either COL6 or LAMA2. We investigated influences of age, CMD subtype, gender, race, ambulatory status, and non‐invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) status on FVC percent predicted (FVCpp) and ΔFVC.ResultsCOL6‐RD participants exhibited a significant difference between sitting and supine mean FVCpp (sitting 66.1, supine 55.1; P < 0.0001) and were 5.4 times more likely to have −ΔFVC >20% than those with LAMA2‐RD when controlling for ambulant status. FVCpp sitting correlated inversely with age in individuals ≤18 years.ConclusionFVCpp sitting decreases progressively in childhood in both CMD subtypes. However, our results point to a difference in diaphragmatic involvement, with COL6‐RD individuals having more disproportionate diaphragmatic weakness than LAMA2‐RD. A ΔFVC of greater than −20% should continue to be used to prompt evaluation of sleep‐disordered breathing. Timely initiation of NIPPV may be indicated to treat nocturnal hypoventilation. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:524–532. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The hidden labor of repayment: Women, credit, and strategies of microenterprise in northern Honduras
Authors: Hayes Lauren A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMicrolending programs, commonly directed at women and presented as a solution to global poverty, provide borrowers credit to support small, informal income‐generating activities. These initiatives have garnered much attention from anthropologists, who have long been interested in the social life of credit and debt. Despite numerous anthropological studies critiquing the social and economic consequences of such lending practices, they continue, bolstered by the affective dimensions of philanthropic marketing and the current embeddedness of microloans in local economies. This contradiction has led to more recent ethnographic work demonstrating the interaction of microloans with other forms of debt and credit in the social economy of borrowers. Building on this recent work, this article draws on ethnographic data from microloan borrowers in northern Honduras and the Bay Islands and contends that the activities associated with microlending participation and repayment may be understood as a form of productive, though hidden, labor. The article suggests further avenues of inquiry into the long‐term economic and cultural transformations that microlending has precipitated.
Oil territorialities, social life, and legitimacy in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Larsen Peter Bille 
Published: January 2017

AbstractExtractive industry activities are today an integral part of social life and economic relations across multiple sites. Yet, how and under which conditions do extractive industries insert themselves within and potentially transform territorial dynamics, social relations, and local governance arrangements? The debate is often polarized between competing narratives of social critique depicting corporate power, conflict, and imposition and insider perspectives stressing corporate social responsibility and environmental sustainability. This article offers an ethnographic account of oil exploration in the Peruvian Amazon coupled with a broader discussion about legitimacy building at the extractive frontier. Addressing the multiple ways in which oil companies engage with local constituencies and socially embedded economic relations, it suggests how social relations have gone from being a residual matter of contention to becoming an area of strategic intervention and corporate action through safeguard measures and social licenses.
A subtle economy of time: Social media and the transformation of Indonesia's Islamic preacher economy
Authors: Slama Martin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe article is concerned with the latest developments in Indonesia's Islamic field. Its focus is on the role of social media in exchange relationships between Islamic preachers and their constituency. The article first discusses economic exchanges between preachers and their followers, and then it concentrates on social exchanges and how they are mediated today. Empirically, the article delivers insight into the concerns of mostly female Indonesian middle‐class Muslims and shows how preachers have to adjust to the needs of their followers who are regularly online. Theoretically, the article offers a rereading of Pierre Bourdieu's classic work on forms of capital and their conversion. It emphasizes the temporal dimension of capital accumulation and conversion and explores the temporalities of online exchanges that have become constitutive of preacher–follower relationships. In doing so, it shows how Indonesia's Islamic preacher economy is currently transformed by these online exchanges, resulting in preacher–follower relationships that are characterized by dialogic constructions of Islamic authority. Being part of Indonesia's Islamic field, these changes in the Islamic preacher economy point to a broader trend in Indonesia's Islamic field toward greater sensitivity to the needs and worries of Indonesian middle‐class Muslims.
Graphene Supported RuNi Alloy Nanoparticles as Highly Efficient and Durable Catalyst for Hydrolytic Dehydrogenation‐Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Dhanda Ritu , Kidwai Mazaahir 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHere, reduced graphene oxide (RGO) supported surfactant free, RuNi alloy nanoparticles with particle size <5 nm were synthesized by chemical coreduction route. The synthesized sample was well characterized by various techniques and showed complete solid solution without any extra phase, where Ru lattice is required for nucleation of metallic Ni. The RuxNi100‐x /RGO (x=100, 75, 50 and 25) nanocomposites (NCs) exhibits remarkable activity in hydrolytic dehydrogenation of NH3BH3 (ammonia borane, AB). Among various RuxNi100‐x compositions, Ru50Ni50 NPs showed best performance with maximum H2 evolution rate 9305.6 mL min−1 g−1 and TOF value 236 min−1 at 30 oC, which is one of the best value reported till date. In addition, present activity retained upto 7th catalytic cycles, showing high durability which makes it a potential candidate for development of NH3BH3 as a H2 storage material. Moreover, alloy NCs further explored in tandem reduction of nitro and nitrile compounds in presence of AB as H2 source which again showed best performance with excellent yield (>99 %) of amine product with short time period of 4.5‐10 min. Additionally, NCs exhibits high chemoselectivity and durability towards such organic transformation reactions. This high catalytic efficiency of RGO supported RuNi NPs could be ascribed to synergistic interaction between Ru/Ni metals, high surface area (small sized NPs and graphene sheets), RGO as a support material which prevent agglomeration of particle.
Enhanced Hydrogen Production from Steam Reforming of Vegetable Oil over Bimodal ZrO2‐SiO2 Supported Ni Catalyst
Authors: Tao Kai , Arano Hiroyuki , Zhang Peipei , Ai Peipei , Han Lei , Tsubaki Noritatsu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBimodal (ZrO2‐SiO2‐B) support was successfully fabricated by self‐assembly of nanosized ZrO2 inside pores of a commercial silica gel Q‐30. For comparison, a unimodal (ZrO2‐SiO2‐U) support was prepared by impregnation of Q‐30 with zirconium nitrate. Ni supported bimodal and unimodal ZrO2‐SiO2, and pristine SiO2 (Q‐30 and Q‐3) catalysts were comparatively studied in steam reforming of vegetable oil to hydrogen. The support and catalyst were analyzed by various techniques, such as N2 physisorption, XRD, TPR, H2 chemisorption and TGA. Characterization results indicated that bimodal support showing increased BET surface area was beneficial for the dispersion of Ni species. TPR result showed that the incorporation of ZrO2 improved the reducibility of NiO and enhanced the metal‐support interaction, simultaneously. Among all catalyst studied bimodal Ni/ZrO2‐SiO2‐B catalyst exhibited highest oil conversion and H2 formation rate with good stability due to the improved Ni dispersion, enhanced Ni‐support interaction, as well as facilitated diffusion of reactant and products, benefiting from bimodal structure and promotional effect of ZrO2.