bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathological study of placentae in intrauterine growth retardation pregnancies in a tertiary care hospital and correlation with fetal birth weight
Authors: Mardi Kavita , Negi Lalita 
Published: September 2017

Background: Intra uterine Growth Retardation is the most significant factor of perinatal mortality. The aim of this study was to assess the histopathological changes in the placenta in association with IUGR and correlation with fetal birth weight.Materials and Methods: A total of 100 placentae were included. Twenty five normal placentae and 75 placentae were from IUGR pregnancies were included.Results: Intervillous fibrin deposition (64%), increased syncytial knotting (64%), stromal fibrosis (65%), cytotrophoblastic hyperplasia (44%) and basement membrane thickening (40%) were seen along with hypovascular villi and infraction were present in 32% and 28% respectively. These changes were seen less in the control group (p<0.001). Statistically significant association between the birth weight and microscopic changes (chi square=19.543, degree of freedom=4, p<0.005) was observed.Conclusion: Severity of IUGR is related to the microscopic change in the placenta. The number and severity of microscopic changes in IUGR placentas increased with decreasing fetal birth weight.
Co-existence of gastric adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma: a rare entity
Authors: Mainali Nirajan , Nepal Niraj , Choudhary Prabesh Kumar , Sinha Amrita , Rajbanshi Saroj , Rauniyar Shyam , Yadav Ajay 
Published: September 2017

A mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma is a tumor composed of both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma components, with each comprising at least one-third of the lesion, as defined by the World Health Organization classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms in 2010.. A 67-years-old male was admitted to the hospital with symptoms suggesting gastric cancer. Histopathology examination from endoscopic biopsy revealed adenocarcinoma. Later partial gastrectomy specimen examination the lesion show presence of well differentiated adenocarcinoma along with neuro endocrine carcinoma.
Advances in HELIOS2 nuclear data library
Authors: Wemple C. , Simeonov T. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The ongoing development of the HELIOS2 code system at Studsvik includes periodic updates of the nuclear data library. The library expansion includes an update of the cross section data source to ENDF/B-VIIR1, a significant expansion of the burnup chains, the addition of a more complete set of gamma production data, and the development of new resonance treatment options. The goal is to provide the capability for HELIOS2 to more accurately model a wider array of reactor applications and enhance interoperability with SNF, the Studsvik spent fuel analysis code. This paper will also provide a discussion of the nuclear data library benchmarking effort and an overview of other HELIOS2 development efforts.
Development of fuel cycles with new fuel with 8.9 mm external diameter for VVER-440: Preliminary assessment of operating efficiency
Authors: Gagarinskiy A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Since the introduction of VVERs-440, their fuel assemblies are subject to ongoing improvements. Until now, the basic structural parameters of fuel, such as rod diameter of 9.1 mm, have never changed. This paper focuses on computational estimates of basic neutronic parameters of the fuel cycle that involves assemblies consisting of fuel rods with diameter reduced to 8.9 mm.
New engineering safety factors for Loviisa NPP core calculations
Authors: Kuopanportti J. , Saarinen S. , Lahtinen T. , Ekström K. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In Loviisa NPP, there are two limiting thermal margins called the enthalpy rise margin and the linear heat rate margin that are monitored during normal operation. Engineering safety factors are applied in determination of both of these factors. The factors take into account the effect of various manufacturing tolerances, impact of the irradiation and simulation uncertainties on the local heat rate and on the enthalpy of the coolant. The engineering factors were re-evaluated during 2015 and the factors were approved by the Finnish radiation and nuclear safety authority in 2016. The re-evaluation was performed by considering all of the identified phenomena that affect the local heat rate or the enthalpy of the coolant. This paper summarizes the work that was performed during the re-evaluation of the engineering safety factors and presents the results for each uncertainty component. The new engineering safety factors are 1.115 for the linear heat rate and 1.100 for the enthalpy rise margin when the old factors were 1.12 and 1.16, respectively. The new factors improve the fuel economy by about 1%.
Experimental and numerical thermal-hydraulics investigation of a molten salt reactor concept core
Authors: Yamaji B. , Aszódi A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In the paper measurement results of experimental modelling of a molten salt fast reactor concept will be presented and compared with three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results. Purpose of this article is twofold, on one hand to introduce a geometry modification in order to avoid the disadvantages of the original geometry and discuss new measurement results. On the other hand to present an analysis in order to suggest a method of proper numerical modelling of the problem based on the comparison of calculation results and measurement data for the new, modified geometry. The investigated concept has a homogeneous cylindrical core without any internal structures. Previous measurements on the scaled and segmented plexiglas model of the concept core and simulation results have shown that this core geometry could be optimized for better thermal-hydraulics characteristics. In case of the original geometry strong undesired flow separation could develop, that could negatively affect the characteristics of the core from neutronics point of view as well. An internal flow distributor plate was designed and installed with the purpose of optimizing the flow field in the core by enhancing its uniformity. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurement results of the modified experimental model will be presented and compared to numerical simulation results with the purpose of CFD model validation.
Improved quality of flash-lamp-crystallized polycrystalline silicon films by using low defect density Cat-CVD a-Si films
Authors: Nozawa Takaki , Ohdaira Keisuke 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We investigate the influence of the quality of precursor amorphous silicon (a-Si) films on the quality of flash-lamp-crystallized (FLC) polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) films by tuning the conditions of a-Si deposition by catalytic chemical vapor deposition. Electron spin resonance measurement reveals that the defect density of FLC poly-Si films is affected by the defect density of a-Si films, and FLC poly-Si films with lower defect density can be formed by using precursor a-Si films with lower defect density. The same tendency is also confirmed through μ-PCD measurement. Improvement in the characteristics of thin-film crystalline Si (c-Si) solar cells can be expected by using high-quality FLC poly-Si films formed from a-Si films with low defect density.
The Treatment of Brain AVMs Study (TOBAS): an all-inclusive framework to integrate clinical care and research
Authors: Magro Elsa , Gentric Jean-Christophe , Batista André Lima , Kotowski Marc , Chaalala Chiraz , Roberge David , Weill Alain , Stapf Christian , Roy Daniel , Bojanowski Michel W. , Darsaut Tim E. , Klink Ruby , Raymond Jean 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVEThe management of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) remains controversial. The Treatment of Brain AVMs Study (TOBAS) was designed to manage patients with bAVMs within a clinical research framework. The objective of this study was to study trial feasibility, recruitment rates, patient allocation to the various management groups, and compliance with treatment allocation.METHODSTOBAS combines two randomized care trials (RCTs) and a registry. Designed to be all-inclusive, the study offers randomized allocation of interventional versus conservative management to patients eligible for both options (first RCT), a second RCT testing the role of preembolization as an adjunct to surgery or radiotherapy, and a registry of patients managed using clinical judgment alone. The primary outcome of the first RCT is death from any cause or disabling stroke (modified Rankin Scale score > 2) at 10 years. A pilot phase was initiated at one center to test study feasibility, record the number and characteristics of patients enrolled in the RCTs, and estimate the frequency of crossovers.RESULTSAll patients discussed at the multidisciplinary bAVM committee between June 2014 and June 2016 (n = 107) were recruited into the study; 46 in the randomized trials (23 in the first RCT with 21 unruptured bAVMs, 40 in the second RCT with 17 unruptured bAVMs, and 17 in both RCTs), and 61 patients in the registry. Three patients crossed over from surgery to observation (first RCT).CONCLUSIONSClinical research was successfully integrated with normal practice using TOBAS. Recruitment rates in a single center are encouraging. Whether the trial will provide meaningful results depends on the recruitment of a sufficient number of participating centers.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT02098252 (clinicaltrials.gov)
Transorbital endoscopic eyelid approach for resection of sphenoorbital meningiomas with predominant hyperostosis: report of 2 cases
Authors: Almeida João Paulo , Omay Sacit B. , Shetty Sathwik R. , Chen Yu-Ning , Ruiz-Treviño Armando S. , Liang Buqing , Anand Vijay K. , Levine Benjamin , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: September 2017

Sphenoorbital meningiomas (SOMs) are slow-growing tumors that originate from the sphenoidal wing and are associated with visual deterioration, extrinsic ocular movement disorders, and proptosis caused by hyperostosis of the lateral wall of the orbit. In some cases, the intracranial component is quite small or “en plaque,” and the majority of the symptoms arise from adjacent hyperostosis. Craniotomy has traditionally been the standard of care, but new minimally invasive multiportal endoscopic approaches offer an alternative. In the current study, the authors to present their experience with the transorbital endoscopic eyelid approach for the treatment of 2 patients with SOMs and sphenoid wing hyperostosis.Clinical and radiological data for patients with SOMs who underwent a transorbital endoscopic eyelid approach were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical technique and clinical and radiographic outcomes were analyzed.The authors report the cases of 2 patients with SOMs and proptosis due to sphenoid wing hyperostosis. One patient underwent prior craniotomy to debulk the intracranial portion of the tumor, and the other had a minimal intracranial component. Both patients were discharged 2 days after surgery. MR images and CT scans demonstrated a large debulking of the hyperostotic bone. Postoperative measurement of the proptosis with the aid of an exophthalmometer demonstrated significant reduction of the proptosis in one of the cases. Persistence of intraconal tumor in the orbital apex limited the efficacy of the procedure in the other case. A review of the literature revealed 1 publication with 3 reports of the transorbital eyelid approach for SOMs. No measure of relief of proptosis after this surgery had been previously reported.The transorbital endoscopic approach, combined with endonasal decompression of the medial orbit, may be a useful minimally invasive alternative to craniotomy in a subset of SOMs with a predominantly hyperostotic orbital wall and minimal intracranial bulky or merely en plaque disease. In these cases, relief of proptosis and optic nerve compression are the primary goals of surgery, rather than gross-total resection, which may have high morbidity or be unachievable. In cases with significant residual intraconal tumor, orbital bone removal alone may not be sufficient to reduce proptosis.
The sagittal spinal profile type: a principal precondition for surgical decision making in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis
Authors: Bayerl Simon Heinrich , Pöhlmann Florian , Finger Tobias , Franke Jörg , Woitzik Johannes , Vajkoczy Peter 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVEMicrosurgical decompression (MD) in patients with lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) shows good clinical results. Nevertheless, 30%–40% of patients do not have a significant benefit after surgery—probably due to different anatomical preconditions. The sagittal profile types (SPTs 1–4) defined by Roussouly based on different spinopelvic parameters have been shown to influence spinal degeneration and surgical results. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the SPT on the clinical outcome in patients with LSS who were treated with MD.METHODSThe authors retrospectively investigated 100 patients with LSS who received MD. The patients were subdivided into 4 groups depending on their SPT, which was determined from preoperative lateral spinal radiographs. The authors analyzed pre- and postoperative outcome scales, including the visual analog scale (VAS), walking distance, Oswestry Disability Index, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire, Odom’s criteria, and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey score.RESULTSPatients with SPT 1 showed a significantly worse clinical outcome concerning their postoperative back pain (VASback-SPT 1 = 5.4 ± 2.8; VASback-SPT 2 = 2.6 ± 1.9; VASback-SPT 3 = 2.9 ± 2.6; VASback-SPT 4 = 1.5 ± 2.5) and back pain–related disability. Only 43% were satisfied with their surgical results, compared with 70%–80% in the other groups.CONCLUSIONSA small pelvic incidence with reduced compensation mechanisms, a distinct lordosis in the lower lumbar spine with a high load on dorsal structures, and a long thoracolumbar kyphosis with a high axial load might lead to worse back pain after MD. Therefore, the indication for MD should be provided carefully, fusion can be considered, and other possible reasons for back pain should be thoroughly evaluated and treated.
The Cerebrospinal Fluid Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 Ratio Improves Concordance with Amyloid-PET for Diagnosing Alzheimer’s Disease in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Niemantsverdriet Ellis , Ottoy Julie , Somers Charisse , De Roeck Ellen , Struyfs Hanne , Soetewey Femke , Verhaeghe Jeroen , Van den Bossche Tobi , Van Mossevelde Sara , Goeman Johan , De Deyn Peter Paul , Mariën Peter , Versijpt Jan , Sleegers Kristel , Van Broeckhoven Christine , Wyffels Leonie , Albert Adrien , Ceyssens Sarah , Stroobants Sigrid , Staelens Steven , Bjerke Maria , Engelborghs Sebastiaan 
Published: September 2017

Background: Evidence suggests that the concordance between amyloid-PET and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid-β (Aβ) increases when the CSF Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio is used as compared to CSF Aβ1–42 levels alone. Objective: In order to test this hypothesis, we set up a prospective longitudinal study comparing the concordance between different amyloid biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in a clinical setting. Methods: Seventy-eight subjects (AD dementia ( n = 17), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, n = 48), and cognitively healthy controls ( n = 13)) underwent a [18F]Florbetapir ([18F]AV45) PET scan, [18F]FDG PET scan, MRI scan, and an extensive neuropsychological examination. In a large subset ( n = 67), a lumbar puncture was performed and AD biomarkers were analyzed (Aβ1–42, Aβ1–40, T-tau, P-tau181). Results: We detected an increased concordance in the visual and quantitative (standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) and total volume of distribution (VT)) [18F]AV45 PET measures when the CSF Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 was applied compared to Aβ1–42 alone. CSF biomarkers were stronger associated to [18F]AV45 PET for SUVR values when considering the total brain white matter as reference region instead of cerebellar grey matter Conclusions: The concordance between CSF Aβ and [18F]AV45 PET increases when the CSF Aβ1–42/Aβ1–40 ratio is applied. This finding is of most importance for the biomarker-based diagnosis of AD as well as for selection of subjects for clinical trials with potential disease-modifying therapies for AD.
Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Complaints Screening Tool Exploration of Subjective Cognitive Decline in a Large Cohort of the Chinese Population
Authors: Hao Lixiao , Wang Xiaoni , Zhang Ling , Xing Yue , Guo Qihao , Hu Xiaochen , Mu Bin , Chen Yili , Chen Guanqun , Cao Jing , Zhi Xiaodong , Liu Jiaojiao , Li Xuanyu , Yang Liu , Li Jiachen , Du Wenying , Sun Yu , Wang Ting , Liu Zhen , Liu Zheng , Zhao Xuexue , Li Hongyan , Yu Yang , Wang Xue , Jia Jianguo , Han Ying 
Published: September 2017

Background: Substantial studies have reported the prevalence and the affecting factors of subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The complaints screening scale has also been used for probing. However, little is known in China. Objective: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of SCD, and explore an SCD complaints screening scale in China. Methods: Stratified cluster random sampling was conducted. 2,689 residents aged 60–80 years completed questionnaire 1. 814 residents were included for clinical and neuropsychological evaluations. Two standards were used to make the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and SCD, and a preliminary screening rate comparison was carried out. Finally, we assessed the risk factors of SCD and the correlation between the SCD-questionnaire 9 (SCD-Q9) and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test-Long Delay Free Recall (AVLT-LR). Results: 1) Standard 1 (ADNI2): the prevalence of SCD was 18.8% (95% CI = 14.7–22.9%) and zero conformed to six criteria (SCD plus). 2) Standard 2 (Jak/Bondi): the prevalence of SCD was 14.4% (95% CI = 10.7–18.1%). 3) Standard 1 had a relatively higher “false” positive rate, whereas Standard 2 had higher “false” negative rate. 4) Age, low education, fewer close friends, and daily drinking were independent risk factors for SCD progressing to MCI. 5) Total points of SCD-Q9 were negatively correlated to the value of AVLT-LR. Conclusions: The prevalence of SCD is high in the ShunYi District in Beijing, China. Age, low education, less social support, and daily drinking are independent risk factors. The brief SCD-Q9 can be used as a reference.
Hot-start Giant Planets Form with Radiative Interiors
Authors: Berardo David , Cumming Andrew 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In the hot-start core accretion formation model for gas giants, the interior of a planet is usually assumed to be fully convective. By calculating the detailed internal evolution of a planet assuming hot-start outer boundary conditions, we show that such a planet will in fact form with a radially increasing internal entropy profile, so that its interior will be radiative instead of convective. For a hot outer boundary, there is a minimum value for the entropy of the internal adiabat S
min below which the accreting envelope does not match smoothly onto the interior, but instead deposits high entropy material onto the growing interior. One implication of this would be to at least temporarily halt the mixing of heavy elements within the planet, which are deposited by planetesimals accreted during formation. The compositional gradient this would impose could subsequently disrupt convection during post-accretion cooling, which would alter the observed cooling curve of the planet. However, even with a homogeneous composition, for which convection develops as the planet cools, the difference in cooling timescale will change the inferred mass of directly imaged gas giants.
Observational Evidence of a Flux Rope within a Sunspot Umbra
Authors: Guglielmino Salvo L. , Romano Paolo , Zuccarello Francesca 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We observed an elongated filamentary bright structure inside the umbra of the big sunspot in active region NOAA 12529, which differs from the light bridges usually observed in sunspots for its morphology, magnetic configuration, and velocity field. We used observations taken with the Solar Dynamic Observatory satellite to characterize this feature. Its lifetime is 5 days, during which it reaches a maximum length of about 30″. In the maps of the vertical component of the photospheric magnetic field, a portion of the feature has a polarity opposite to that of the hosting sunspot. At the same time, in the entire feature the horizontal component of the magnetic field is about 2000 G, substantially stronger than in the surrounding penumbral filaments. Doppler velocity maps reveal the presence of both upward and downward plasma motions along the structure at the photospheric level. Moreover, looking at the chromospheric level, we noted that it is located in a region corresponding to the edge of a small filament that seems rooted in the sunspot umbra. Therefore, we interpreted the bright structure as the photospheric counterpart of a flux rope touching the sunspot and giving rise to penumbral-like filaments in the umbra.
Modelled estimates of spatial variability of iron stress in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean
Authors: Ryan-Keogh Thomas J. , Thomalla Sandy J. , Mtshali Thato N. , Little Hazel 
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean is characterized by markedly different frontal zones with specific seasonal and sub-seasonal dynamics. Demonstrated here is the effect of iron on the potential maximum productivity rates of the phytoplankton community. A series of iron addition productivity versus irradiance (PE) experiments utilizing a unique experimental design that allowed for 24 h incubations were performed within the austral summer of 2015/16 to determine the photosynthetic parameters αB, PBmax and Ek. Mean values for each photosynthetic parameter under iron-replete conditions were 1.46 ± 0.55 (µg (µg Chl a)−1 h−1 (µM photons m−2 s−1)−1) for αB, 72.55 ± 27.97 (µg (µg Chl a)−1 h−1) for PBmax and 50.84 ± 11.89 (µM photons m−2 s−1) for Ek, whereas mean values under the control conditions were 1.25 ± 0.92 (µg (µg Chl a)−1 h−1 (µM photons m−2 s−1)−1) for αB, 62.44 ± 36.96 (µg (µg Chl a)−1 h−1) for PBmax and 55.81 ± 19.60 (µM photons m−2 s−1) for Ek. There were no clear spatial patterns in either the absolute values or the absolute differences between the treatments at the experimental locations. When these parameters are integrated into a standard depth-integrated primary production model across a latitudinal transect, the effect of iron addition shows higher levels of primary production south of 50° S, with very little difference observed in the subantarctic and polar frontal zone. These results emphasize the need for better parameterization of photosynthetic parameters in biogeochemical models around sensitivities in their response to iron supply. Future biogeochemical models will need to consider the combined and individual effects of iron and light to better resolve the natural background in primary production and predict its response under a changing climate.