bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Men presenting with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) values of over 100 ng/mL
Authors: Ang Mann , Rajcic Branimir , Foreman Darren , Moretti Kim , O'Callaghan Michael E. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo investigate overall survival and prostate cancer‐specific mortality in men with prostate cancer presenting with a PSA level <100 ng/mL at the time of diagnosis.PatientsFive‐thousand seven hundred and sixteen patients with prostate cancer and a recorded diagnostic PSA level extracted from the South Australian Prostate Cancer Clinical Outcomes Collaborative (SA‐PCCOC) database. Men included were diagnosed between January 1998 and August 2013.MethodsPatients were divided into groups according to diagnostic PSA level: <20, 20‐≤100, 100‐≤200 ng/mL, 200‐≤500 ng/mL, and >500 ng/mL. Outcomes measured include overall survival and prostate cancer‐specific mortality. Clinical stage, Gleason score and the presence of bony metastasis was evaluated to determine if they were prognostic factors in patients with PSA over 100 at diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards and competing risks regression were used to model overall survival and prostate cancer‐specific mortality outcomes respectively.ResultsOf this cohort, 241 patients (4.2%) had a diagnostic PSA level >100 ng/mL. Patients with PSA >100 ng/mL have a significant reduction in five (29.1% vs 62.5% vs 87%) and ten‐year (18.2% vs 36.7% vs 70.7%) overall survival when compared to men with diagnostic PSA 20–100 and <20 ng/mL respectively. In this group, prostate cancer‐specific mortality was associated with Gleason score and metastases, but not PSA level at diagnosis. Overall survival was associated with PSA level, Gleason score and age. There was a linear increase in risk (overall survival) as PSA increased until 200 and no association thereafter. Models of overall survival and prostate cancer‐specific mortality incorporating a risk stratification developed by Izumi et al. predicted overall survival but not prostate cancer‐specific mortality. The use of this stratification did not improve model accuracy.ConclusionOnly a small number of men (4.2%) with prostate cancer present with PSA >100 ng/mL at diagnosis. Overall survival at five and ten years was significantly poorer in patients with PSA >100 ng/mL. In this cohort of men presenting with PSA >100 at diagnosis, PSA level was not associated with prostate cancer‐specific mortality. Gleason score and metastases are significant prognostic factors in this group of men.
Estradiol modulates Na+‐dependent HCO3−transporters altering intracellular pH and ion transport in human Sertoli cells: A role on male fertility?
Authors: Bernardino Raquel L. , Costa Ana R. , Martins Ana D. , Silva Joaquina , Barros Alberto , Sousa Mário , Sá Rosália , Alves Marco G. , Oliveira Pedro F. 
Published: February 2016

Background informationInfertile men often present deregulation of serum estrogen levels. Notably, high levels of estradiol (E2) are associated with low sperm production and quality. Sertoli cells (SCs) are responsible for spermatogenesis maintenance and are major targets for the hormonal signalling that regulates this complex process.ResultsIn this study, we used primary cultures of human SCs and studied the localisation, expression and functionality of the Na+‐dependent HCO3−transporters by confocal microscopy, immunoblot, epifluorescence and voltage clamp after 24 h of exposure to E2 (100 nM). All studied transporters were identified in human SCs. In E2‐treated human SCs, there was an increase in NBCn1, NBCe1 and NDCBE protein levels, as well as an increase in intracellular pH and a decrease in transcellular transport.ConclusionsWe report an association between increased levels of E2 and the expression/function of Na+‐dependent HCO3−transporters in human SCs. Our results provide new evidence on the mechanisms by which E2 can regulate SCs physiology and consequently spermatogenesis. These mechanisms may have an influence on male reproductive potential and help to explain male infertility conditions associated with estrogen deregulation.SignificanceExposure to E2 increased human SCs intracellular pH. E2 is a modulator of ionic transcellular transport in human SCs.
Taphonomic phenomenon of ancient hair from Glacial Beringia: perspectives for palaeoecological reconstructions
Authors: Kirillova Irina V. , van der Plicht Johannes , Gubin Stanislav V. , Zanina Oksana G. , Chernova Olga F. , Lapteva Elena G. , Trofimova Svetlana S. , Zinovyev Eugeny V. , Zharov Anton A. , Fadeeva Elena O. , Van Kolfschoten Thijs , Shidlovskiy Fedor K. , Kotov Alexey A. 
Published: February 2016

An accumulation of mammoth hair, discovered in the Bol'shaya Chukochya River valley (northeast Yakutia, Russia), was found to contain remains of terrestrial and aquatic organisms, including plants, insects, crustaceans, birds and mammals. Radiocarbon dating indicated that this post‐mortem taphocoenosis represented multiple time periods. The mammoth hair was dated to older than 45 ka BP, the plants were dated to 12 750±50 a BP (which corresponds to a shift in the environmental conditions and landscapes during the formation of thermokarst in northeastern Russia) and the bird feathers were dated to 4115±40 a BP. A scenario of the formation of this fossil assemblage is proposed, covering the MIS 3‐1 time range. The hair also yielded various Arctic branchiopod crustaceans, which inhabit shallow temporary water bodies and therefore are important for reconstruction of palaeoenvironments. The cladoceran subgenus Daphnia (Ctenodaphnia), currently absent from the Asian part of Beringia, is reported from this region for the first time. The study demonstrates that the discovered permafrost‐preserved hair is a unique repository of Ice Age organisms.
Environmental processes derived from peatland geochemistry since the last deglaciation in Dajiuhu, Shennongjia, central China
Authors: Li Yuanping , Ma Chunmei , Zhou Bin , Cui Anning , Zhu Cheng , Huang Run , Zheng Chaogui 
Published: February 2016

The Dajiuhu mire deposit is a sensitive archive of palaeoenvironmental evolution in the East Asian monsoon region. The aim of this study of the elemental geochemistry of a sediment core from Dajiuhu was to improve our understanding of the geochemical behaviour of elements in peat deposits, as well as the environmental and climatic history of the East Asian monsoon region since the Late Pleistocene. We conducted a principal components analysis (PCA) on inorganic geochemical data obtained byICP‐MSandXRFSfrom a sediment core spanning the last 16 ka. In addition, spectral analysis was applied to thePC1 score profile to test periodicities. ThePCAresults suggest that variations in elemental concentrations in the Dajiuhu core are controlled by three main factors: input of inorganic mineral matter, effect of biological processes and a combination of changes in redox conditions and biological processes. Interpretation of the data suggests that monsoon precipitation increased, albeit with significant volatility, during the last deglaciation (16.0–11.3 cal. kaBP). The early Holocene (11.3–9.4 cal. kaBP) was a humid period, and was followed by monsoon deterioration in the early stages of the middle Holocene. A warm and wet climate dominated between 7.0 and 4.2 cal. kaBP, correlating with the Holocene Climatic Optimum. After a two‐step decrease in monsoon precipitation, beginning at 4.2 cal. kaBP, the climate became more arid until 0.9 cal. kaBP, after which humidity once again increased. The spectral analysis revealed statistically significant periodicities of approximately 1480, 360, 316, 204 and 188 years, indicating solar forcing for the East Asian monsoon evolution over millennial to centennial time scales and a link between the East Asian monsoon and North Atlantic climate.
Late Quaternary changes in sediment composition on the NE Greenland margin (~73° N) with a focus on the fjords and shelf
Authors: Andrews John T. , Stein Rüdiger , Moros Matthias , Perner Kerstin 
Published: February 2016

In order to document changes in Holocene glacier extent and activity in NE Greenland (~73° N) we study marine sediment records that extend from the fjords (PS2631 and PS2640), across the shelf (PS2623 and PS2641), to the Greenland Sea (JM07‐174GC). The primary bedrock geology of the source areas is the Caledonian sediment outcrop, including Devonian red beds, plus early Neoproterozoic gneisses and early Tertiary volcanics. We examine the variations in colour (CIE*), grain size, and bulk mineralogy (from X‐ray diffraction of the <2 mm sediment fraction). Fjord core PS2640 in Sofia Sund, with a marked red hue, is distinct in grain size, colour and mineralogy from the other fjord and shelf cores. Five distinct grain‐size modes are distinguished of which only one is associated with a coarse ice‐rafting signal – this mode is rare in the mid‐ and late Holocene. A sediment unmixing program (SedUnMixMC) is used to characterize down‐core changes in sediment composition based on the upper late Holocene sediments from cores PS2640 (Sofia Sund), PS2631 (Kaiser Franz Joseph Fjord) and PS2623 (south of Shannon Is), and surface samples from the Kara Sea (as an indicator of transport from the Russian Arctic shelves). Major changes in mineral composition are noted in all cores with possible coeval shifts centred c. 2.5, 4.5 and 7.5 cal. ka BP (±0.5 ka) but are rarely linked with changes in the grain‐size spectra. Coarse IRD (>2 mm) and IRD‐grain‐size spectra are rare in the last 9–10 cal. ka BP and, in contrast with areas farther south (~68° N), there is no distinct IRD signal at the onset of neoglaciation. Our paper demonstrates the importance of the quantitative analysis of sediment properties in clarifying source to sink changes in glacial marine environments.
What Gets Covered? An Examination of Media Coverage of the Environmental Movement in Canada
Authors: Corrigall‐Brown Catherine 
Published: February 2016

Cet article analyse les communiqués de presse de World Wildlife Fund (WWF) et Greenpeace afin d’évaluer comment les tactiques et les cadrages déployées par ces deux organisations environnementales affectent l'attention médiatique qu'elles ont reçu dans The Globe and Mail et National Post entre 2000 et 2010. Bien qu'il soit clair que certaines tactiques soient plus susceptibles de capter l'attention médiatique, les résultats indiquent, cependant, que la totalité du répertoire de tactiques et cadrages ne sont pas tous efficace pour les deux groupes étudiés. Par exemple, un appel à la mobilisation citoyenne concernant un problème amène à une augmentation de l'attention médiatique dans le cas de Greenpeace, mais non pour WWF. Aussi, l'utilisation de recherche n'affecte pas la couverture médiatique pour WWF, alors qu'elle affecte négativement l'attention médiatique pour Greenpeace. Cette étude démontre que l'effet des choix tactiques sur la couverture médiatique est contingent sur l'identité du groupe mobilisant.
Inhibited attachment behaviour and disinhibited social engagement behaviour as relevant concepts in referred home reared children
Authors: Scheper F. Y. , Abrahamse M. E. , Jonkman C. S. , Schuengel C. , Lindauer R. J. L. , de Vries A. L. C. , Doreleijers T. A. H. , Jansen L. M. C. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundDisorders of attachment and social engagement have mainly been studied in children, reared in institutions and foster care. There are few studies amongst home reared children living with biological parents. The aim of this study was to test the clinical significance of inhibited attachment behaviour and disinhibited social engagement behaviour in young home reared children, referred for treatment of emotional and behavioural problems, compared with young children in treatment foster care.MethodsThe Disturbances of Attachment Interview, Maltreatment Classification System, the Child Behaviour Checklist and Parenting Stress Index were used in 141 referred home reared children and 59 referred foster children, aged 2.0–7.9 years (M = 4.7, SE = 1.3), 71% boys.ResultsInhibited attachment behaviour was less prevalent in the referred home reared group (9%) than in the foster care group (27%). Disinhibited social engagement behaviour was found in 42% of the home reared group, similar to the foster care group. Inhibited attachment behaviour and disinhibited social engagement behaviour were not associated with child maltreatment. More inhibited attachment behaviour was associated with clinical levels of child internalizing and externalizing behaviour in the home reared group, not in the foster care group. In both groups, more disinhibited social engagement behaviour was associated with clinical levels of externalizing behaviour and with more parenting stress.ConclusionsEven without evident links to maltreatment, results of this study suggest clinical significance of inhibited attachment behaviour and disinhibited social engagement behaviour in young home reared children referred for treatment of emotional and behavioural problems.
Patterns and correlates of co‐occurrence among multiple types of child maltreatment
Authors: Kim Kihyun , Mennen Ferol E. , Trickett Penelope K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study examined the patterns and correlates of the types of maltreatment experienced by adolescents aged 9–12, participating in an ongoing longitudinal study on the impact of neglect on children's development. Using case record abstraction, the study compared the child protection classification and findings from the case record abstraction with regard to the rates of four types of maltreatment (i.e. physical, sexual, emotional abuse and neglect) as well as co‐occurrence across multiple types of maltreatment. Next, the study examined the frequently observed patterns of child maltreatment. Finally, the study investigated whether aspects of caretaker functioning and the detailed incident characteristics in the cases of neglect differed by the number of different types of maltreatment the children experienced. Results showed significant discrepancies between the Child Protective Service classification and case record abstraction. Child Protective Service classification considerably underestimated the rate of co‐occurrence across multiple types of maltreatment. Neglect accompanied by physical and emotional abuse was the most common form. Some of the caretaker functioning variables distinguished the number of types of maltreatment. Based on the findings, future‐research directions and practice implication were discussed.
What do we know about the social networks of single parents who do not use supportive services?
Authors: McArthur Morag , Winkworth Gail 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe role that social support and social networks play in mediating isolation and stress experienced by vulnerable families is well established. However, a major issue facing supportive human services is to find and engage families with limited social networks and link them to supports that could improve outcomes for their families. This paper reports on the results of in‐depth interviews with 20 sole parents with children aged under 5 who were not well connected to services. It documents their social networks with the use of a social network map. Using a social capital lens, the analysis attempts to differentiate the different relationships in the participants' lives. Most participants were not satisfied with their informal networks, with conflicted or ambivalent reliance on family, absence of support and community engagement and fragility of informal networks. Although this group of isolated mothers does encounter the formal service system, the opportunities to increase and strengthen their networks do not eventuate. Better understanding of the nature and extent of social networks can inform practitioners and policy‐makers of the critical factors needed to increase service use for parents with limited resources.
Children of prisoners – children's decision making about contact
Authors: Saunders Vicky 
Published: February 2016

AbstractChildren commonly experience considerable disruption to their care when a parent is incarcerated. Maintaining relationships between children and their incarcerated parents can present particular challenges, and for a growing number of children, continuing contact with their incarcerated parent is a key issue. Most of the research about children's experiences of parental incarceration is filtered through adults who may or may not have spoken with children. This article draws on data collected for a research project which aimed to build an understanding of the needs and issues facing children and young people living in the Australian Capital Territory, who have experienced parental incarceration. This paper considers one key finding; children and young people's perspectives on contact with their incarcerated parent. This was reflected in four thematic clusters: quality of relationships; participation in decision making; the challenges and benefits of contact and practical issues.
The Interdisciplinarity of Collaborations in Cognitive Science
Authors: Bergmann Till , Dale Rick , Sattari Negin , Heit Evan , Bhat Harish S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe introduce a new metric for interdisciplinarity, based on co‐author publication history. A published article that has co‐authors with quite different publication histories can be deemed relatively “interdisciplinary,” in that the article reflects a convergence of previous research in distinct sets of publication outlets. In recent work, we have shown that this interdisciplinarity metric can predict citations. Here, we show that the journal Cognitive Science tends to contain collaborations that are relatively high on this interdisciplinarity metric, at about the 80th percentile of all journals across both social and natural sciences. Following on Goldstone and Leydesdorff (2006), we describe how scientometric tools provide a valuable means of assessing the role of cognitive science in broader scientific work, and also as a tool to investigate teamwork and distributed cognition. We describe how data‐driven metrics of this kind may facilitate this exploration without relying upon rapidly changing discipline and topic keywords associated with publications.
Temporal transferability of stream fish distribution models: can uncalibrated SDMs predict distribution shifts over time?
Authors: Huang Jian , Frimpong Emmanuel A. , Orth Donald J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimWe aim to assess the temporary transferability of species distribution models (SDMs) for stream fish species in terms of discrimination power and calibration.LocationNew River basin, eastern United States.MethodsIn this study, we used Lasso‐regularized logistic regression (LLR), boosted regression trees (BRT), MaxEnt, and ensemble model (ENS) to evaluate the habitat suitability of 16 fish species with different rarity and temperature preference based on historical species occurrences obtained during 1950–1990. These SDMs were used to make probabilistic predictions of species presence in the independent datasets sampled during 2012–2014. We evaluated the temporal transferability of these SDMs in terms of discrimination power and calibration with the temporarily independent datasets.ResultsThe area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristic curve (AUC) was over 0.6 for 13 (81%) of the species in the evaluations of ENS models with the independent datasets. Cool‐water species and species with small local population size traits tended to have good temporal transferability. With observed species prevalence as the discrimination cut‐off, LLR had the highest overall accuracy for 13 of the 16 species and highest specificity for 10 species, whereas MaxEnt had the highest sensitivity for 14 species. Biases, under‐ or over‐fitting problems were common in the temporal model transfers, among the modelling approaches used here.Main conclusionsSDMs developed with historical data generally had moderate to good discrimination power but they tended to systematically underestimate current probability of species presence. To predict species distribution shifts over time, SDMs should be well‐calibrated with high discrimination power. We suggest reclassifying predicted probability of species occurrence to ordinal ranks to deal with (under‐ and over‐estimation) bias, and fine‐tuning variable selection with regularization or cross validation to remedy under‐ and over‐fitting.
Comparison of the exposure–response relationship of dapagliflozin in adult and paediatric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Parkinson J. , Tang W. , Johansson C‐C. , Boulton D. W. , Hamrén B. 
Published: February 2016

AimsTo quantitatively compare the exposure–response relationship of dapagliflozin in adult and paediatric patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to assess the potential impact of covariate effects.MethodsData from three clinical studies of single‐dose (2.5, 5 and 10 mg), orally administered dapagliflozin in adult (NCT00162305, NCT00538174) and paediatric (NCT01525238) patients with T2DM were analysed to examine the relationship between dapagliflozin exposure (area under concentration–time curve) and response [24‐h urinary glucose excretion (UGE)] using a sigmoidal maximum effect model. Baseline fasting plasma glucose (FPG), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), baseline 24‐h UGE, sex and race were evaluated as covariates.ResultsData from 63 predominantly white or Asian (92.4%) adult and 20 paediatric (45.8% white; 45.8% black) patients were included. The model appeared robust, with predictions fitting well with observed data. Baseline eGFR, FPG and sex were significant covariates in both populations; race was a significant covariate in the paediatric population only. Model‐predicted UGE response was higher in paediatric (47.4, 67.5 and 85.9 g/24 h for 2.5, 5 and 10 mg) than in adult (31.2, 43.5 and 54.3 g/24 h for 2.5, 5 and 10 mg) patients, which may be associated with the higher eGFR values in paediatric patients.ConclusionsAfter a single oral dose of dapagliflozin, adult and paediatric patients with T2DM had similar exposure‐response relationships after accounting for significant covariates. These results support the planned dosage strategy for a phase III dapagliflozin safety and efficacy study in paediatric patients with T2DM, for whom treatment options are currently limited.
Mast cell tumour in the third eyelid of a mare
Authors: Shnaiderman‐Torban A. , Tatz A. , Oreff G. , Brenner O. , Dahan R. , Ofri R. , Kelmer G. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryA 4‐year‐old Missouri Fox Trotter mare was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Koret School of Veterinary Medicine with a reddish mass protruding from the third eyelid and adjacent palpebral conjunctiva of the left eye. On ophthalmic examination, the mare showed mild blepharospasm, mild mucopurulent discharge and mild corneal oedema in the left eye. Menace response, pupillary light reflexes and intraocular examination were normal. A rounded, fleshy red ulcerated mass, approximately 3 cm in diameter, expanded the edge of the outer surface of the medial third eyelid and conjunctiva of the ventromedial palpebral region. Physical examination was otherwise unremarkable. Based on history and clinical findings, surgical removal was elected. The tumour was excised and the conjunctiva in the area of tumour treated with cryotherapy. Histological evaluation revealed a mast cell tumour on the third eyelid. Nine months follow‐up revealed no recurrence.