bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple banking relationships and exposure at default
Authors: Gibilaro Lucia , Mattarocci Gianluca 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to analyse the exposure at default (EAD) in the event of multiple banking relationships to understand the differences with respect to solo banking relationships and forecast the banks risk exposure.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a unique database provided by the Italian public credit register representative of the full Italian market before the financial crisis. The analysis compares different EAD risk proxies for debtors with unique and multiple banking relationships to underline the main differences among the two groups.

Findings
Results show that EAD forecast could be improved considering the existence of exposures with other lenders and banks that consider such type of information can reduce the risk of underestimating the risk exposure of a debtor.

Originality/value
The paper is the first attempt to model the EAD on the basis of the existence of multiple lending exposures. Results demonstrate a different lender’s risk exposure for debtors with multiple credit risk exposure and show the usefulness of the information about the overall system exposure in evaluating the risk exposure related to this type of customers.
Stakeholder Orientations and Cost Management
Authors: Liu Xiaotao (Kelvin) , Liu Xiaoxia , Reid Colin D. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTWe examine the effect of stakeholder orientation on firms' cost management as proxied by selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) cost stickiness. Using a sample of 19,783 firm‐years, we find that customer and employee orientation are associated with greater SG&A cost stickiness. Furthermore, the effect of customer orientation on SG&A cost stickiness is more prominent in firms where SG&A costs create high future value, growth firms, and firms with strong corporate governance. In contrast, the effect of employee orientation on SG&A cost stickiness is stronger in firms where SG&A costs create low future value, mature firms, and firms with weak corporate governance. Overall, the association between customer orientation and SG&A cost stickiness is consistent with efficiency considerations (i.e., adjustment costs). In contrast, the association between employee orientation and SG&A cost stickiness is consistent with agency motives such as empire building or “a preference for a quiet life.” In sum, we provide evidence that corporate orientation toward different stakeholders can have different efficiency implications in the context of SG&A resource adjustments and cost management.
Association between atopic dermatitis and squamous cell carcinoma: a case–control study
Authors: Cho Janice M. , Davis Dawn Marie R. , Wetter David A. , Bartley Adam C. , Brewer Jerry D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundConflicting data have been published on whether an association exists between atopic dermatitis (AD) and nonmelanoma skin cancer. This study aimed to determine whether individuals with AD had an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) development.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, case–control study of patients residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Cases were selected from patients seen at Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota) who had an initial SCC diagnosis (either invasive SCC or SCC in situ) from January 1, 1996, through December 23, 2010. Age‐ and sex‐matched controls were selected from patients seen at Mayo Clinic with no history of SCC before the case event date.ResultsThree hundred ninety‐nine individuals with a documented history of SCC were identified and matched with 780 controls who did not have a history of SCC. After adjusting for race, smoking history, ionizing radiation exposure, corticosteroid and cyclosporine use, and non‐SCC skin cancers, the odds ratio for SCC development between patients with history of AD versus patients without history of AD was 1.75 (95% CI, 1.05–2.93).ConclusionsOur findings support an increased risk of SCC development in the setting of AD.
Three‐dimensional ultrasound cranial imaging and early neurodevelopment in preterm growth‐restricted infants
Authors: McLean Glenda , Hough Catherine , Sehgal Arvind , Ditchfield Michael , Polglase Graeme R , Miller Suzanne L 
Published: December 2017

AimFetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with increased perinatal morbidity, mortality and long‐term neurodevelopmental sequelae. The objective of this study was to examine whether information about early neurodevelopmental deficits was evident using three‐dimensional head ultrasound and developmental assessments in preterm infants with FGR, compared with appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants in the early post‐natal period.MethodsTwenty preterm FGR infants weighing <10th centile and born between 28 and 32 weeks were compared with age‐matched AGA infants. In the second post‐natal week after birth, we used three‐dimensional ultrasound to assess cerebral ventricular volumes. Prechtl General Movement Assessments were performed at 4–6 weeks after birth. Test of Infant Motor Performance (TIMP) to measure functional motor behaviour was performed at 4–6 and 12–14 weeks corrected age.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in the combined cerebral ventricular volume between the two groups (FGR, 0.81 ± 0.42 vs. AGA 0.72 ± 0.38 cm3, P = 0.4). The TIMP assessment at 12–14 week term corrected demonstrated lower scores (worse performance) in FGR infants compared with the AGA cohort (regression coefficient: −7.74 (95% CI −16.06, 0.57); P = 0.07). We observed a significant correlation between greater ventricular volume and lower TIMP scores in the cohorts separately and also overall (FGR, r = −0.5, P = 0.06 vs. AGA, r = −0.62, P = 0.007 and overall, r = −0.53, P = 0.001).ConclusionUltrasound in the early weeks may be useful to detect the neuropathology which could then mediate functional consequences.
The Limits and Possibilities of Volunteering: A Framework for Explaining the Scope of Volunteer Involvement in Public and Nonprofit Organizations
Authors: Nesbit Rebecca , Christensen Robert K. , Brudney Jeffrey L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Despite popular rhetoric concerning the benefits of volunteerism for public and nonprofit organizations, the use and management of volunteers to assist in the delivery of services is uneven: some organizations rely heavily on volunteer labor for this purpose, while others circumscribe volunteer contributions or eschew volunteer involvement altogether. This article introduces eight dimensions of volunteer involvement—four involving organizational decisions and four regarding volunteers’ decisions—that make up the overall scope of volunteer involvement in an organization. Based on a review of the literature, the article presents a conceptual framework and several research propositions concerning how organizational characteristics, volunteer management, and environmental factors affect the overall scope of volunteer involvement in an organization.
Development and pilot-testing of patient decision aid for use among Chinese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Shum Jennifer W H , Lam Wendy W T , Choy Bonnie N K , Chan Jonathan C H , Ho Wing Lau , Lai Jimmy S M 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundA patient decision aid (PDA) is a tool for shared decision making (SDM), which emphasises patient empowerment. It is useful in chronic diseases and when there are multiple, no best single treatment option. Although SDM is prevalent in Western countries, its use is limited in Chinese societies, where the adoption of a paternalistic approach is strong. Here, we report the development, acceptance and pilot test results of a PDA targeted at Chinese patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).MethodsWe developed a PDA designed for use in Chinese patients with POAG. Recruited subjects were given our PDA. Baseline evaluation included decision conflict scale (DCS), validated glaucoma adherence questionnaires and glaucoma knowledge questionnaire. Subjects were briefed through the PDA and instructed to read it that day. Three to four weeks later, follow-up questionnaire as described above were conducted with the addition of acceptance questionnaires.ResultsData from 65 subjects were available. The PDA was well received among subjects. DCS improved from 48.9±20.4 at baseline to 34.3±20.3 during follow-up, with P<0.01. Validated medication adherence questionnaires and knowledge showed improvement from baseline, which was statistically significant.ConclusionsThe use of PDA among Chinese subjects with POAG demonstrated positive reception and acceptance. Evaluation of its initial effects shows improvement in DCS, medication adherence and glaucoma knowledge. The implementation of SDM and PDA among Chinese subjects with POAG is encouraged. Future studies with randomised design and later evaluation time points can further reveal the impacts of PDA among Chinese subjects with POAG.
Ferritin level changes and erythroid improvement in a group of adult politransfused patients treated with Deferasirox
Authors: Parvu Andrada Viorica , Bojan Anca , Urian Laura , Torok Tunde , Zsoldos Iulia Andrea , Iancu Mihaela 
Published: December 2017

Background and aims. Chelating agents therapy is recommended for polytransfused patients that have evidence of iron overload (an elevated serum ferritin or received over 20 units of red blood cell transfusions). Deferasirox showedefficacy and safety in maintaining or reducing body iron.Iron chelation therapy was associated with hematopoiesis improvement in transfusion-dependent patients.Our objectives were to analyze differences in ferritin level in adult polytransfused patients treated with Deferasirox, to estimate the erythroid improvement and variation of the number of red blood cell transfusion after introducing Deferasirox, to evaluate the side effects of the treatment.Methods. Retrospective study including all the adult polytransfused patients treated with Deferasirox in Hematology Departments of three county hospitals in the North-West of Romania. Results. We included 40 polytransfused patients treated with Deferasirox in standard doses. There was a significant reduction in serum ferritine from baseline for all the patients (Friedman test, χ2(2)=26.82, p<0.001). Safety profile of Deferasirox was good (three digestive side effects). RBCT were administered before (mean 2.43±1.09 units/month) and after starting Deferasirox (mean 1.40±0.97 units/month), the difference is statistically significant (Student Test, t(39)=6.98, p<0.001).Conclusions. Deferasirox proves to be an effective iron chelator, the serum level of ferritine decreased for all the patients during the treatment and 22.5 % of the patients developed an erythroid improvement. Safety and compliance were good.
Impact of Insecticides on Insects On Tomatoes, 1993
Authors: Carson W. G. , White K. K. , Trumble J. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seedlings were transplanted in a sandy loam type soil on 14, 15 Jun at the University of California’s South Coast Field Station in Santa Ana, California. Experimental plots were 4 rows wide (5-ft centers) by 35 ft long and separated by a 5-ft buffer. The tomato transplants were sprinkle irrigated for 1 week, and drip irrigated thereafter (water pH 7.2-7.5). Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Weekly applications were initiated at first fruiting. Application dates were 27 Jul, 3, 10, 19, 26 Aug and 2, 9 Sep and 1 Oct. A tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 6 nozzles per row incorporated D-3 orifice disks. #25 cores, and 50 mesh screens. Operating pressure was 100 psi delivering 100 gal/acre. Spreader sticker (Leaf Act 80) was included for all treatments at 0.04%. Except for the two Rohm Haas treatments, which used Latron at .06%. Leafminer populations were evaluated by weekly counts of leafminer prepupae and pupae in four 9 by 11 inch trays/replicate from 2 Aug through 8 Sep, inclusive. On 13-14 Sep, 200 mature-green to ripe fruit were harvested from the center 2 rows of each replicate (800 per treatment) and examined for internal damage (primarily H. zea) and external damage (primarily S. exigua and K. lycopersicon).
Evaluation of the Smartbox Metering Unit for Application of Corn Rootworm Soil Insecticides, 1993
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Boetel M. A. , Jenson J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A cornfield near Sinai, in east-central SD was chosen for this study. The experiment was conducted to compare the efficacy of insecticide applications using modified ground-driven Noble metering units with the electronic smartbox metering unit on a specially-adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter using 2 insecticide placement methods (band and in-furrow) for control of NCR and WCR larvae. The study was a RCBD containing 4 replications. Individual treatment plots were single 15.25 m long rows spaced 96.5 cm apart. Noble and smartbox metering units were calibrated on the planter prior to insecticide applications. Banded treatments were applied in an 18-cm swath in front of the furrow-closing wheels, and incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. In-furrow applications consisted of directing granules immediately between double disk furrow openers. Corn was seeded at 23,000 kernels per acre at all locations. Five roots per replicate were dug for each treatment. Roots were then washed, examined for feeding damage, and rated using the Iowa I to 6 scale.
Evaluation of Gaucho Cotton Seed Treatments for Thrips Control, 1993
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides applied as seed treatments were evaluated at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State, MS. A RCBD with 5 replications was used. Plots were 35 ft long × 4 rows wide (38 inch centers) with no untreated buffer rows. The soil type was Marietta Loam with 13.3% organic matter, 47.5% sand, 35.0% silt, 17.3% clay, and a pH of 6.3. The trial was planted 7 May under the following conditions: excellent soil moisture, soil temperature 84°F, 37.1% relative humidity and ambient temperature of 86°F. The seeding rate was 200 seed per row. Plots were planted with a Maxemerge planter equipped with Almaco seed cones and belt-cones for seed and granule application. Liquids were applied by use of a CO2 powered sprayer with a single flat fan nozzle (90015VS) turned to spray mostly into the furrow. Application was at 2 mph, and 39 psi for 10 gal/acre. Band width was 1.75 inches. Because of nonuniform growing conditions within the plot area, plots were not harvested. Plant height (between cotyledonary nodes and the apical meristem) was measured on 3 dates, and stand counts and phytotoxicity ratings were made 20 May.
Timing of Insecticides for Sra Management in Southern Minnesota, 1993
Authors: Campbell C. D. , Hutchison W. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted at the University of Minnesota agricultural experiment station at Rosemount in sugarbeets planted 14 May. Treatments were replicated 4 times and arranged in RCBD. Each replicate consisted of 3 treated rows on 30 inch centers measuring 70 ft in length. Treatments were separated by a single untreated row. Granular treatments were applied using a single row Noble applicator delivering a 6-inch band to either side of the base of the plant. Liquid treatments were applied using a single nozzle CO2 backpack sprayer with a flat-fan nozzle delivering 27 gpa in a directed band to the base of the plant, with both sides being treated. Four “pre-infest” treatments were applied 29 Jun, prior to artificial infestation, including Counter 15G, Counter 20CR, AC513858 20G, Knox-Out (2340). The remaining treatments were applied 14 Jul. Plots were infested 7, 21 Jul, 10 and 24 Aug. Plots were infested by placing 8-12 SRA adults and 100-200 nymphs at the base of a single plant in the center row of each treatment, with 1 location for the Jul infestations and 1 location for the Aug infestations, separated by 20 ft. Treatments were harvested 21 Sep and evaluated for percent of beets infested and level of infestation using the following SRA Root Rating Index (0-5): 0 = no aphids nor wax present; 1 = 1 colony, wax (or both) &lt;2.5 cm diam; 2 = 2 or more colonies, wax (or both) &lt;2.5 cm diam each, covering less than 50% of root surface; 3 = 1 or more colonies, wax (or both) &gt;2.5 cm diam each, covering &lt;50% of root surface; 4 = multiple colonies, wax (or both) covering 50 to 95% of root surface; 5 = multiple colonies, wax (or both) covering &gt;95% of root surface. Samples were evaluated for percent sugar and impurities at the Southern Minnesota Sugar Cooperative tare laboratory in Renville, MN.
Control of Billbug Larvae and a Subsequent White Grub Population on a Lawn Area in Wayne County, Ohio, 1993
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was located lawns of the Agricultural Technical Institute at Wooster, Ohio. Insecticides were applied 15 Jun to plots 10 x 10 ft arranged in a randomized complete block, replicated 4 times. Granular insecticides were applied using a drop spreader and liquids using a CO2 sprayer with Teejet 8010LP nozzles at 30 psi that delivered a volume of 3 gal/1000 ft2. The experimental area received no posttreatment irrigation. Environmental conditions at time of treatment were as follows. Billbugs: early instars present, no pretreatment count. Turf: 3° slope, dry, 3 in height, 50% Kentucky bluegrass, 50% perennial ryegrass. Thatch: moist, Vi inch, dense. Soil: moist, 68°F at 1 inch and 55°F at 3 inches. Weather: sunny, 73°F, 5-8 mph. Water: pH 4.9. Billbug efficacy data taken from each plot 9 Jul (28 DAT) were based on the number of live billbug larvae and pupae in 6, AVi inches in diam samples from each plot. Efficacy data for control of a subsequent JB and NMC larval population (appx 70% JB: 30% NMC) taken 5 & 7 Oct was based on the number of live grubs in 6, 7 × 7 in samples from each plot.
Black Cutworm Control on Golf Course Greens with Bacillus Thuringiensis and Fenoxycarb, 1993
Authors: Weaver Joseph E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatments were duplicated on greens at two golf courses. Plots were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Plot size was 8 × 8 ft. Liquids were applied in 2 liters of water with a sprinkler can. Trial 1 (Buckhannon C.C.) was initiated 20 Aug. Plots were not pre-irrigated because the green was wet from overnight rain and treatments were applied during a light rain; about 0.02 inches of rain occurred shortly after all treatments were applied and there was no posttreatment irrigation. Environmental conditions were: air temperature, 23°C; RH, 97%; overcast with light rain; soil temperatures, 23°C (1 inch), 25°C (surface). Treatments were evaluated at 6 DAT by treating the entire green with cyftuthrin (Tempo) at 0.04 lb (AI)/acre and counting the no. of larvae flushed to the surface after about 1 h. Larvae were mostly small to medium in size ranging from 5 to 36 mm in length with 92% being less than 20 mm long. Trial 2 (Clarksburg C.C.) was initiated 23 Aug. Plots were pre-irrigated with 2 liters of water per plot, treatments were applied, then irrigated with 2 liters about 40 minutes posttreatment. Environmental conditions were: air temperature, 26.5°C; RH, 57%; clear and calm; soil temperature, 23.5°C (1 inch), 28°C (surface). Treatments were evaluated at 7 DAT using the same method as in Trail 1. Larvae were mostly small to medium in size ranging from 5 to 43 mm in length with 72% being less than 20 mm long.
Control of Cabbage Looper on Broccoli, Fall 1993
Authors: Rowland S. , Goodson T. , Cartwright B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
On 3 Sep, greenhouse grown plants were transplanted into a Bernow series sand loam soil at the Wes Watkins AREC in Lane, OK. Plots measuring one row wide by 9 m long were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Rows were spaced 0.9 m apart with plants spaced 30 cm apart within rows. Unplanted areas measuring 3 m within rows and 0.9 m between rows served as spray buffers. Conventional cultural practices were used throughout the trial. Counts of CL eggs, small CL larvae (instar 1 & 2) and large CL larvae (instar 3 & 4) were made on 4, 8, 11, 14, 18, 25, 27 Oct and 1 Nov. Insecticides were applied using a CO2- powered backpack sprayer calibrated at 105 liters per acre. The spray boom was equipped with two hollow cone (TX-26) nozzles spaced 46 cm apart and directed toward the base of the plants. Treatments were applied on 4, 11, 18 and 25 Oct. On 22 Nov, 15 leaves per plot were selected from three plants and evaluated for damage caused by Lepidopterous larvae. Leaves were selected in a stratified random manner by choosing leaves of similar size from leaf positions 3-8 (1 = oldest). On each leaf, the number of feeding holes were counted and grouped according to diameter, with small 1 cm or less and large &gt;1 cm.
Acaricide Evaluation, 1993
Authors: Hogmire Henry W. , Winfield Tim , Grove Chris , Collins Kate , Jilek Jill 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted in a one third acre block of 8-yr-old ‘Redchief’ trees on M26, which measured 13.5 ft. in height and 9 ft. in width and were planted 10 × 15 ft. apart. The experimental design consisted of 4 single-tree plots in a randomized block design, with each replicate surrounded by at least one unsprayed tree on each side. Acaricides were applied with an FMC Economist airblast sprayer at 2.2 mph applying 100 gpa. Dates of application were 24 Jun, 14 and 29 Jul. Other materials applied separately to all treatments during the experiment were Captan, Guthion, Penncap-M and Topsin-M. ERM control was evaluated by sampling 25 leaves from the periphery of each tree, removing mites with a mite-brushing machine, and counting motile stages with a binocular microscope.
Foliar Sprays to Control Fall Armyworm on Late Planted Sweet Corn, 1993
Authors: Prostak Donald J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted on 20 Aug at the Snyder Research and Extension Farm, Pittstown, NJ. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design and consisted of 4 rows, 45 ft long on 3 ft centers with 9 inches between plants. Buffers were 12 ft driveways, two additional rows between adjacent plots, and 5 ft between plots within rows. Standard cultural practices were used throughout the trial. Treatments were applied on 14 and 20 Sep with a COr pressurized single hollow-cone nozzle, hand-held sprayer that delivered 24.5 gal/acre at 45 psi in a 12 inch band over the row and directed at the interior area of the whorl. At the time of application, plants were approximately 8 inches high in the early whorl stage. Plots were evaluated on 23 Sep by examining 25 plants harvested from the middle 35 ft of the middle 2 rows of each replicate. All FAW larvae in the whorl were identified and counted.