bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular Controlled Cargo Release via Near Infrared Tunable Cucurbit[7]uril-Gold Nanostars
Authors: Han Yanwei , Yang Xiran , Liu Yingzhu , Ai Qiushuang , Liu Simin , Sun Chunyan , Liang Feng 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe near infrared (NIR) absorption and average particle size of gold nanostars (GNSs) can be precisely controlled by varying the molar ratios of cucurbit[7]urils (CB[7]) and GNSs in aqueous solution. GNSs modified with CB[7] achieved high cargo loading with thermally activated release upon the NIR laser irradiation.
Fishing-induced life-history changes degrade and destabilize harvested ecosystems
Authors: Kuparinen Anna , Boit Alice , Valdovinos Fernanda S. , Lassaux Hélène , Martinez Neo D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFishing is widely known to magnify fluctuations in targeted populations. These fluctuations are correlated with population shifts towards young, small, and more quickly maturing individuals. However, the existence and nature of the mechanistic basis for these correlations and their potential ecosystem impacts remain highly uncertain. Here, we elucidate this basis and associated impacts by showing how fishing can increase fluctuations in fishes and their ecosystem, particularly when coupled with decreasing body sizes and advancing maturation characteristic of the life-history changes induced by fishing. More specifically, using an empirically parameterized network model of a well-studied lake ecosystem, we show how fishing may both increase fluctuations in fish abundances and also, when accompanied by decreasing body size of adults, further decrease fish abundance and increase temporal variability of fishes’ food resources and their ecosystem. In contrast, advanced maturation has relatively little effect except to increase variability in juvenile populations. Our findings illustrate how different mechanisms underlying life-history changes that may arise as evolutionary responses to intensive, size-selective fishing can rapidly and continuously destabilize and degrade ecosystems even after fishing has ceased. This research helps better predict how life-history changes may reduce fishes’ resilience to fishing and ecosystems’ resistance to environmental variations.
Dietary sugar intake increases liver tumor incidence in female mice
Authors: Healy Marin E. , Lahiri Sujoy , Hargett Stefan R. , Chow Jenny D.Y. , Byrne Frances L. , Breen David S. , Kenwood Brandon M. , Taddeo Evan P. , Lackner Carolin , Caldwell Stephen H. , Hoehn Kyle L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOvernutrition can promote liver cancer in mice and humans that have liver damage caused by alcohol, viruses, or carcinogens. However, the mechanism linking diet to increased liver tumorigenesis remains unclear in the context of whether tumorigenesis is secondary to obesity, or whether nutrients like sugar or fat drive tumorigenesis independent of obesity. In male mice, liver tumor burden was recently found to correlate with sugar intake, independent of dietary fat intake and obesity. However, females are less susceptible to developing liver cancer than males and it remains unclear how nutrition affects tumorigenesis in females. Herein, female mice were exposed to the liver carcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and fed diets with well-defined sugar and fat content. Mice fed diets with high sugar content had the greatest liver tumor incidence while dietary fat intake was not associated with tumorigenesis. Diet-induced postprandial hyperglycemia and fasting hyperinsulinemia significantly correlated with tumor incidence, while tumor incidence was not associated with obesity and obesity-related disorders including liver steatosis, glucose intolerance, or elevated serum levels of estrogen, ALT and lipids. These results simplify the pathophysiology of diet-induced liver tumorigenesis by focusing attention on the role of sugar metabolism and reducing emphasis on the complex milieu associated with obesity.
Engineering of soybean mosaic virus as a versatile tool for studying protein–protein interactions in soybean
Authors: Seo Jang-Kyun , Choi Hong-Soo , Kim Kook-Hyung 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTransient gene expression approaches are valuable tools for rapid introduction of genes of interest and characterization of their functions in plants. Although agroinfiltration is the most effectively and routinely used method for transient expression of multiple genes in various plant species, this approach has been largely unsuccessful in soybean. In this study, we engineered soybean mosaic virus (SMV) as a dual-gene delivery vector to simultaneously deliver and express two genes in soybean cells. We further show the application of the SMV-based dual vector for a bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay to visualize in vivo protein–protein interactions in soybean and for a co-immunoprecipitation assay to identify cellular proteins interacting with SMV helper component protease. This approach provides a rapid and cost-effective tool for transient introduction of multiple traits into soybean and for in vivo characterization of the soybean cellular protein interaction network.
Importance of transient-state models in assessing and predicting water, soil and crop dynamics under irrigated agriculture.
Authors: Visconti F. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
For millennia, irrigation has been one of the main driving forces of civilization. Given that the world human population is estimated to reach 9 billion in the next 40 years, irrigation is going to be a key factor in food security. However, irrigation makes use of slowly renewable or just non-renewable natural resources, mainly freshwater, soil, and several mineral ores, which raises many concerns about its sustainability. To cope with these sustainability issues, irrigation management requires the use of tools rooted in reliable and readily usable scientific knowledge and technology. Since the 'steady-state hypothesis' presents some constraints on simulating the ever-changing events of irrigated agriculture (e.g. water and solute dynamics), transient-state models seem to be the best tools to use. Presently, there are several transient-state models which are able to simulate water and solute flows through soils - core phenomena in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. These models can simulate the dynamics of water, nutrients (mainly nitrogen, but also phosphorus and potassium) and salts to forecast crop growth, yield and harvest quality, or alternatively, the models can simulate the leaching and transformation of various chemicals such as salts, nutrients, xenobiotic organic compounds and heavy metals. Better decisions for the management of irrigation and fertilization can be made when using transient-state and hence, their importance is going to increase in the future. This review presents the main characteristics of some of the most recently cited models designed to simulate the dynamics of water, soil, various solutes and crops under irrigated agriculture.
Constraints on the circumstellar dust around KIC 8462852
Authors: Thompson M. A. , Scicluna P. , Kemper F. , Geach J. E. , Dunham M. M. , Morata O. , Ertel S. , Ho P. T. P. , Dempsey J. , Coulson I. , Petitpas G. , Kristensen L. E. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
We present millimetre (Submillimeter Array) and submillimetre (SCUBA-2) continuum observations of the peculiar star KIC 8462852 which displayed several deep and aperiodic dips in brightness during the Kepler mission. Our observations are approximately confusion-limited at 850 μm and are the deepest millimetre and submillimetre photometry of the star that has yet been carried out. No significant emission is detected towards KIC 8462852. We determine upper limits for dust between a few 10−6 M⊕ and 10−3 M⊕ for regions identified as the most likely to host occluding dust clumps and a total overall dust budget of &lt;7.7 M⊕ within a radius of 200 au. Such low limits for the inner system make the catastrophic planetary disruption hypothesis unlikely. Integrating over the Kepler light curve we determine that at least 10−9 M⊕ of dust is required to cause the observed Q16 dip. This is consistent with the currently most favoured cometary breakup hypothesis, but nevertheless implies the complete breakup of ∼30 Comet 1/P Halley type objects. Finally, in the wide SCUBA-2 field of view we identify another candidate debris disc system that is potentially the largest yet discovered.
Validity of Using Inpatient and Outpatient Administrative Codes to Identify Acute Venous Thromboembolism
Authors: Fang Margaret C. , Fan Dongjie , Sung Sue Hee , Witt Daniel M. , Schmelzer John R. , Steinhubl Steven R. , Yale Steven H. , Go Alan S. 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Administrative data are frequently used to identify venous thromboembolism (VTE) for research and quality reporting. However, the validity of these codes, particularly in outpatients, has not been well-established.

Objective:
To determine how well International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes for VTE predict chart-confirmed acute VTE in inpatient and outpatients.

Patients and Methods:
We selected 4642 adults with an incident ICD-9 diagnosis of VTE between years 2004 and 2010 from the Cardiovascular Research Network Venous Thromboembolism cohort study. Medical charts were reviewed to determine validity of events. Positive predictive values (PPVs) of ICD-9 codes were calculated as the number of chart-validated VTE events divided by the number with specific VTE codes. Analyses were stratified by VTE type [pulmonary embolism (PE), deep venous thrombosis (DVT)], code position (primary, secondary), and setting [hospital/emergency department (ED), outpatient].

Results:
The PPV for any diagnosis of VTE was 64.6% for hospital/ED patients and 30.9% for outpatients. Primary diagnosis codes from hospital/ED patients were more likely to represent acute VTE than secondary diagnosis codes (78.9% vs. 44.4%, P<0.001). Primary hospital/ED codes for PE and lower extremity DVT had higher PPV than for upper extremity DVT (89.1%, 74.9%, and 58.1%, respectively). Outpatient codes were poorly predictive of acute VTE: 28.0% for PE and 53.6% for lower extremity DVT.

Conclusions:
ICD-9 codes for VTE obtained from outpatient encounters or from secondary diagnosis codes do not reliably reflect acute VTE. More accurate ways of identifying VTE in outpatients are needed before these codes can be adopted for research or policy purposes.
Histone H1 limits DNA methylation inNeurospora crassa
Authors: Seymour Michael , Ji Lexiang , Santos Alex M. , Kamei Masayuki , Sasaki Takahiko , Basenko Evelina Y. , Schmitz Robert J. , Zhang Xiaoyu , Lewis Zachary A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTHistone H1 variants, known as linker histones, are essential chromatin components in higher eukaryotes, yet compared to the core histones relatively little is known about their in vivo functions. The filamentous fungusNeurospora crassaencodes a single H1 protein that is not essential for viability. To investigate the role ofN. crassaH1, we constructed a functional FLAG-tagged H1 fusion protein and performed genomic and molecular analyses. Cell fractionation experiments showed that H1-FLAG is a chromatin binding protein. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation combined with sequencing (ChIP-seq) revealed that H1-3XFLAG is globally enriched throughout the genome with a subtle preference for promoters of expressed genes. In mammals, the stochiometery of H1 impacts nucleosome repeat length. To determine if H1 impacts nucleosome occupancy or nucleosome positioning inN. crassa, we performed Micrococcal nuclease digestion in wildtype and the ΔhH1strain followed by sequencing (MNase-seq). Deletion ofhH1did not significantly impact nucleosome positioning or nucleosome occupancy. Analysis of DNA methylation by whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (MethylC-seq) revealed a modest but global increase in DNA methylation in the ΔhH1mutant. Together, these data suggest that H1 acts as a non-specific chromatin binding protein that can limit accessibility of the DNA methylation machinery inN. crassa.
Evaluation of worksite policies and practices promoting nutrition and physical activity among hospital workers
Authors: Sharma Shreela V. , Winston Paolicelli Courtney , Jyothi Vinu , Baun William , Perkison Brett , Phipps Mary , Montgomery Cathy , Feltovich Michael , Griffith Julie , Alfaro Veronica , Pompeii Lisa A 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– As posited by the ecological model of health, improvements in the nutrition and physical activity environments of worksites may facilitate healthier dietary intakes and physical activity patterns of employees. This cross-sectional study describes current policies and practices targeting these environments in five large Texas-based hospitals employing approximately 40,000 adults. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– The environmental assessment tool survey, an observation tool, was used to assess these policies and practices in August and September 2012.

Findings
– Results demonstrated major policy and practice deficiencies, including a lack of policies supporting on and offsite employee physical fitness, no healthy catering or healthy meeting policies, minimal subsidizing of healthy food and beverage options, few health-promoting vending services, and no performance objectives related to worksite health improvement. Hospitals having an active employee wellness staff consistently performed better on implementation of policies and practices supporting healthy eating and physical activity.

Practical implications
– This study supports practice recommendations including engaging executive leadership to prioritize worksite wellness and using policies to create an infrastructure that promotes healthy eating and encourages physical activity among employees.

Originality/value
– This study is the first to compare and contrast the nutrition and the physical activity environments of large hospitals, allowing for the identification of common environmental barriers and supports across multiple hospital and foodservice systems.
Developing an “experience framework” for an evidence-based information literacy educational intervention
Authors: Forster Marc 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe how an “experience framework” for an evidence-based information literacy educational intervention can be formulated.

Design/methodology/approach
– The experience framework is developed by applying the qualitative methodology phenomenography to the analysis of the variation in the experience of a phenomenon by a target group, making specific use of one of its data analysis methods, that pioneered by Gerlese Akerlind. A phenomenographic study’s descriptions of the limited but related experiences of the phenomenon, and the detail of context and complexity in experience achieved through the Akerlind data analysis technique, are essential to a framework’s structure and educationally valuable richness of detail.

Findings
– The “experience framework”, an example of which is set out in this paper, is formed from a detailed range of contexts, forms and levels of complexity of experience of a phenomenon, such as information literacy, in a group or profession. Groupings of aspects of that experience are used to formulate, through the application of variation theory, an education theory developed from previous phenomenographic research, learning contexts and aims which can form the focus of educational activities.

Originality/value
– The framework can be used to form the basis of an evidence-based educational intervention to enrich the experience of any concept within LIS that Information professionals work to develop in their users.
A collaborative filtering similarity measure based on potential field
Authors: Leng Yajun , Lu Qing , Liang Changyong 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– Collaborative recommender systems play a crucial role in providing personalized services to online consumers. Most online shopping sites and many other applications now use the collaborative recommender systems. The measurement of the similarity plays a fundamental role in collaborative recommender systems. Some of the most well-known similarity measures are: Pearson’s correlation coefficient, cosine similarity and mean squared differences. However, due to data sparsity, accuracy of the above similarity measures decreases, which makes the formation of inaccurate neighborhood, thereby resulting in poor recommendations. The purpose of this paper is to propose a novel similarity measure based on potential field.Design/methodology/approach– The proposed approach constructs a dense matrix: user-user potential matrix, and uses this matrix to compute potential similarities between users. Then the potential similarities are modified based on users’ preliminary neighborhoods, andkusers with the highest modified similarity values are selected as the active user’s nearest neighbors. Compared to the rating matrix, the potential matrix is much denser. Thus, the sparsity problem can be efficiently alleviated. The similarity modification scheme considers the number of common neighbors of two users, which can further improve the accuracy of similarity computation.Findings– Experimental results show that the proposed approach is superior to the traditional similarity measures.Originality/value– The research highlights of this paper are as follows: the authors construct a dense matrix: user-user potential matrix, and use this matrix to compute potential similarities between users; the potential similarities are modified based on users’ preliminary neighborhoods, andkusers with the highest modified similarity values are selected as the active user’s nearest neighbors; and the proposed approach performs better than the traditional similarity measures. The manuscript will be of particular interests to the scientists interested in recommender systems research as well as to readers interested in solution of related complex practical engineering problems.
A self-organising network model of decision making by the honey bee swarm
Authors: Foss Richard Anthony 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to carry out a detailed investigation of the mechanisms operating during decision making by the honey bee swarm, which is now considered to be one of the best examples of collective decision making outside the human domain.Design/methodology/approach– This investigation is based on a review of the last 60 years’ published literature about swarm behaviour. It introduces a different perspective to the work by utilising a cybernetic model of a self-organising information network to analyse the findings of this body of research.Findings– Scout bees evaluating potential nest sites accumulated support for their site by differential net recruitment, so the total scout numbers present at each site was a good measure of the total evidence in favour of the site and hence the relative probability of choosing it as the swarm’s new home. The accumulation of evidence continued at a number of alternative nest site locations until a critical quorum threshold was sensed at one of them. The first alternative to reach the threshold was chosen as the preferred nest site. Quorum scouts then prepared the swarm for departure and steered it to its new home.Originality/value– Swarm decision making has not been modelled as a self-organising information network before. This novel approach reveals how a combination of network modifications, self-amplification, self-attenuation, cross-inhibition, integration and quorum mechanisms together contribute towards accurate group decision making.
Effect of high‐fat meal intake on the pharmacokinetic profile of ivermectin in Japanese patients with scabies
Authors: Miyajima Atsushi , Hirota Takashi , Sugioka Akihito , Fukuzawa Masao , Sekine Mari , Yamamoto Yosuke , Yoshimasu Takashi , Kigure Akira , Anata Taichi , Noguchi Wataru , Akagi Keita , Komoda Masayo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIvermectin (IVM) is used as an anthelmintic agent in many countries. To evaluate the effect of high‐fat (HF) meal intake on the pharmacokinetics of IVM, a clinical trial was conducted in Japanese patients with scabies. The patients were administrated Stromectol® tablets in the fasted state, and after 1 week they were also administrated it after a HF meal (fed state). After the administration, IVM concentrations in plasma and the stratum corneum were determined. The geometric mean of fed/fasted ratio of area under IVM concentration‐time curve (AUC) in plasma was 1.25 (90% confidence interval, 1.09–1.43), suggesting the tendency to increased absorption after a HF meal. The fed/fasted ratio of the maximum IVM concentration in the stratum corneum was well correlated with that in plasma. In addition, no serious adverse events were observed during the trial, while a mild increase of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase activity in plasma was observed under the fed state in two patients. The mean AUC of IVM in plasma of those two patients were approximately threefold higher than that of the other patients at that time. On the other hand, the treatment success rate was 76.9% at 7 days after the second administration, which was comparable with the expected level. The present study not only demonstrates that HF meal intake increases the IVM concentration in plasma and the stratum corneum in Japanese patients with scabies, but also suggests the possibility that HF meals increase the risk of hepatic dysfunction by the increased exposure of IVM.
Pathogenicity of H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from a wild bird fecal specimen and a chicken in Japan in 2014
Authors: Tanikawa Taichiro , Kanehira Katsushi , Tsunekuni Ryota , Uchida Yuko , Takemae Nobuhiro , Saito Takehiko 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPoultry outbreaks caused by H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) occurred in Japan between December 2014 and January 2015. During the same period; H5N8 HPAIVs were isolated from wild birds and the environment in Japan. The hemagglutinin (HA) genes of these isolates were found to belong to clade 2.3.4.4 and three sub‐groups were distinguishable within this clade. All of the Japanese isolates from poultry outbreaks belonged to the same sub‐group; whereas wild bird isolates belonged to the other sub‐groups. To examine whether the difference in pathogenicity to chickens between isolates of different HA sub‐groups of clade 2.3.4.4 could explain why the Japanese poultry outbreaks were only caused by a particular sub‐group; pathogenicities of A/chicken/Miyazaki/7/2014 (Miyazaki2014; sub‐group C) and A/duck/Chiba/26‐372‐48/2014 (Chiba2014; sub‐group A) to chickens were compared and it was found that the lethality of Miyazaki2014 in chickens was lower than that of Chiba2014; according to the 50% chicken lethal dose. This indicated that differences in pathogenicity may not explain why the Japanese poultry outbreaks only involved group C isolates.