bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intelligentie, executieve functies en licht verstandelijke beperking in justitiecontext
Authors: Platje E. , Cornet L.J.M. , de Kogel C.H. 
Published: December 2017

Intelligence, executive functioning and MBID in the criminal justice context
Individuals with a mild to borderline intellectual disability (MBID) are thought to be over-represented in the criminal justice system. The current article reviews research on the associations between executive functioning with antisocial behavior and MBID. Associations with executive functions such as working memory, inhibition, planning and cognitive flexibility, as well as punishment and reward sensitivity, are described. Working memory appears particularly strongly associated with antisocial behavior as well as with MBID. Research on MBID to date, however, almost exclusively focused on children and adolescents. More research on these issues could provide practical information for supervision as well as aid the adaptation or development of interventions for this population, and provide tools to allocate individuals to interventions tailored to their specific needs.
Doctoral Students’ Academic Engagements in Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia: Nature, Sources, and Challenges
Authors: Desie Yekoyealem , Tefera Belay 
Published: December 2017

Doctoral education cultivates thinkers and researchers. This study investigated the engagement of 67 doctoral students conveniently sampled from diﬀerent departments of Addis Ababa University. Engagement was operationalised in terms of vigour, dedication and absorption in academic activities and measured by the adapted Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for students (UWES-S). Qualitative data were also gathered to explore the sources and challenges of engagement. The results show that 62.7 percent of these doctoral students reported an average level of engagement and that there were no diﬀerences in terms of gender and feld of study. The need for professional growth, a sense of contribution, social recognition, and improved employability and income were found to be important sources of engagement. Inadequate research funds, poor facilities, extended coursework, difculty balancing family and academic responsibilities, and relational concerns with supervisors were the major challenges of engagement. La formation doctorale permet de cultiver des penseurs et des chercheurs. Cette étude analyse l’engagement d’un échantillon de 67 doctorants issus de diﬀérents départements de l’Université d’Addis Ababa. L’engagement des doctorants a été mesuré en termes de vigueur, de dévouement et de participation dans des activités académiques, en adaptant la « Utrecht Work Engagement Scale for Students » (UWES-S : Echelle d’engagement au travail d’Utrecht pour les étudiants). Des données qualitatives ont aussi été collectées pour explorer les sources de cet engagement et les défs qui y sont liés. Les résultats montrent que 62.7 pour cent de ces doctorants font preuve d’un niveau d’engagement moyen et qu’il n’y a pas de diﬀérence entre les genres et les domaines d’études. Le besoin de se développer professionnellement, le sentiment de contribuer, la reconnaissance sociale, et les perspectives d’emploi et de hausses de salaires sont d’importantes sources d’engagement. Des fnancements insufsants pour la recherche, de mauvais équipements, une charge de cours accrue, le difcile équilibre entre responsabilités familiales et académiques, et des inquiétudes liées à la relation avec le directeur de thèse sont les principaux problèmes faisant obstacle à l’engagement.
Strategic management and its effects on Serbian wood industry
Authors: Vukmirović Valentina , Petrović Dejan , Kostić-Stanković Milica 
Published: December 2017

According to the available data on economic trends in Serbia, it is noticeable that companies in wood industry do not use their capacities to the maximum. Furthermore, a significant number of newly founded small enterprises, shortly after their establishment, go bankrupt or go into liquidation. Research works that have been conducted so far have indicated that, most commonly, company deterioration is caused by a lack of strategic approach in business management and company development. The aim of this paper is to gain an insight into the extent to which wood industry enterprises apply strategic approach (their vision, mission and development strategies) when making business decisions, as well as the effects of such approach. This will be achieved by analyzing collected questionnaires and interviews with competent experts from wood industry monitoring institutions. Besides, SWOT and PESTLE analyses of the surveyed companies will be conducted. Furthermore, possible solutions for overcoming weaknesses and threats emerging in Serbian wood industry development will be indicated. Likewise, the possibilities for encouraging industry development and increasing its competitiveness level will be presented.
Arctic Sea Ice Loss in Different Regions Leads to Contrasting Northern Hemisphere Impacts
Authors: McKenna Christine M. , Bracegirdle Thomas J. , Shuckburgh Emily F. , Haynes Peter H. , Joshi Manoj M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTo explore the mechanisms linking Arctic sea ice loss to changes in midlatitude surface temperatures, we conduct idealized modeling experiments using an intermediate general circulation model and with sea ice loss confined to the Atlantic or Pacific sectors of the Arctic (Barents‐Kara or Chukchi‐Bering Seas). Extending previous findings, there are opposite effects on the winter stratospheric polar vortex for both large‐magnitude (late 21st century) and moderate‐magnitude sea ice loss. Accordingly, there are opposite tropospheric Arctic Oscillation (AO) responses for moderate‐magnitude sea ice loss. However, there are similar strength negative AO responses for large‐magnitude sea ice loss, suggesting that tropospheric mechanisms become relatively more important than stratospheric mechanisms as the sea ice loss magnitude increases. The midlatitude surface temperature response for each loss region and magnitude can be understood as the combination of an “indirect” part induced by the large‐scale circulation (AO) response, and a residual “direct” part that is local to the loss region.
Spin‐Controlled Integrated Near‐ and Far‐Field Optical Launcher
Authors: Jiang Qiao , Bao Yanjun , Lin Feng , Zhu Xing , Zhang Shuang , Fang Zheyu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWith the evergrowing demand for miniaturization of photonic devices, the integration of different functionalities in a single module is highly desired for the next generation of ultracompact photonic devices. Optical modules based on the near field and scattered far field are both key elements in the construction of nanophotonic devices. However, integrating the near‐ and far‐field functionalities into a single module is a great challenge, which hinders the integration and minimization of optical devices. Here, a bifunctional integrated near‐ and far‐field optical launcher with a single metasurface structure is theoretically proposed and experimentally demonstrated, where the unidirectional launching of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and the focusing of scattered far fields can be simultaneously achieved. Moreover, the SPP propagating direction and the real/virtual focus of the far‐field scattering can be actively controlled by the spin state of the incident light. With the additional degree of freedom provided by the positions of the metasurface elements, the optical performances of this bifunctional structure can be compared to the one with single functionality. The work provides a new platform for the integration and control of different optical components at subwavelength scale, and opens a way to design multifunctional optical devices for the future.
Air‐Stable Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskite for Ultra‐Low Operating Voltage Resistive Switching
Authors: Han Ji Su , Le Quyet Van , Choi Jaeho , Hong Kootak , Moon Cheon Woo , Kim Taemin Ludvic , Kim Hyojung , Kim Soo Young , Jang Ho Won 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCsPbX3 (X = halide, Cl, Br, or I) all‐inorganic halide perovskites (IHPs) are regarded as promising functional materials because of their tunable optoelectronic characteristics and superior stability to organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskites. Herein, nonvolatile resistive switching (RS) memory devices based on all‐inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite are reported. An air‐stable CsPbI3 perovskite film with a thickness of only 200 nm is successfully synthesized on a platinum‐coated silicon substrate using low temperature all‐solution process. The RS memory devices of Ag/polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/CsPbI3/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si structure exhibit reproducible and reliable bipolar switching characteristics with an ultralow operating voltage (<+0.2 V), high on/off ratio (>106), reversible RS by pulse voltage operation (pulse duration < 1 ms), and multilevel data storage. The mechanical flexibility of the CsPbI3 perovskite RS memory device on a flexible substrate is also successfully confirmed. With analyzing the influence of phase transition in CsPbI3 on RS characteristics, a mechanism involving conducting filaments formed by metal cation migration is proposed to explain the RS behavior of the memory device. This study will contribute to the understanding of the intrinsic characteristics of IHPs for low‐voltage resistive switching and demonstrate the huge potential of them for use in low‐power consumption nonvolatile memory devices on next‐generation computing systems.
Hot Electrons and Hot Spins at Metal–Organic Interfaces
Authors: Arnold Thorsten , Atxabal Ainhoa , Parui Subir , Hueso Luis E. , Ortmann Frank 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA model is developed to describe the electron transport properties of hot electron devices based on organic semiconductors. For the first time, the simulations cover all the different processes the carriers experience in the device, which allows disentangling various effects on the transport characteristics. The model is compared to experimental measurements and excellent agreement is found. In addition, the model includes the electron spin and is thus able to describe a hot spin transistor. In this device, a spatial variation of the spin diffusion length is found, which scales inversely proportional to the variation of the electron density. The spin current can be increased by increasing the hot electron energy and by decreasing the image charge barrier without changing the spin diffusion length. Unprecedented insight into the effect of interfacial disorder at the metal–organic interface on charge and spin transport is provided. Finally, conditions are established, where majority and minority spin carriers propagate in opposite directions, increasing the spin current relative to the charge current and the occurrence of pure spin currents is analyzed.
Greatly Enhanced Anticorrosion of Cu by Commensurate Graphene Coating
Authors: Xu Xiaozhi , Yi Ding , Wang Zhichang , Yu Jiachen , Zhang Zhihong , Qiao Ruixi , Sun Zhanghao , Hu Zonghai , Gao Peng , Peng Hailin , Liu Zhongfan , Yu Dapeng , Wang Enge , Jiang Ying , Ding Feng , Liu Kaihui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMetal corrosion is a long‐lasting problem in history and ultrahigh anticorrosion is one ultimate pursuit in the metal‐related industry. Graphene, in principle, can be a revolutionary material for anticorrosion due to its excellent impermeability to any molecule or ion (except for protons). However, in real applications, it is found that the metallic graphene forms an electrochemical circuit with the protected metals to accelerate the corrosion once the corrosive fluids leaks into the interface. Therefore, whether graphene can be used as an excellent anticorrosion material is under intense debate now. Here, graphene‐coated Cu is employed to investigate the facet‐dependent anticorrosion of metals. It is demonstrated that as‐grown graphene can protect Cu(111) surface from oxidation in humid air lasting for more than 2.5 years, in sharp contrast with the accelerated oxidation of graphene‐coated Cu(100) surface. Further atomic‐scale characterization and ab initio calculations reveal that the strong interfacial coupling of the commensurate graphene/Cu(111) prevents H2O diffusion into the graphene/Cu(111) interface, but the one‐dimensional wrinkles formed in the incommensurate graphene on Cu(100) can facilitate the H2O diffusion at the interface. This study resolves the contradiction on the anticorrosion capacity of graphene and opens a new opportunity for ultrahigh metal anticorrosion through commensurate graphene coating.
Giant Magnetic Heat Induction of Magnesium‐Doped γ‐Fe2O3 Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles for Completely Killing Tumors
Authors: Jang Jung‐tak , Lee Jooyoung , Seon Jiyun , Ju Eric , Kim Minkyu , Kim Young Il , Kim Min Gyu , Takemura Yasushi , Arbab Ali Syed , Kang Keon Wook , Park Ki Ho , Paek Sun Ha , Bae Seongtae 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMagnetic fluid hyperthermia has been recently considered as a Renaissance of cancer treatment modality due to its remarkably low side effects and high treatment efficacy compared to conventional chemotheraphy or radiotheraphy. However, insufficient AC induction heating power at a biological safe range of AC magnetic field (Happl·fappl < 3.0–5.0 × 109 A m−1 s−1), and highly required biocompatibility of superparamagnetic nanoparticle (SPNP) hyperthermia agents are still remained as critical challenges for successful clinical hyperthermia applications. Here, newly developed highly biocompatible magnesium shallow doped γ‐Fe2O3 (Mg0.13‐γFe2O3) SPNPs with exceptionally high intrinsic loss power (ILP) in a range of 14 nH m2 kg−1, which is an ≈100 times higher than that of commercial Fe3O4 (Feridex, ILP = 0.15 nH m2 kg−1) at Happl·fappl = 1.23 × 109 A m−1 s−1 are reported. The significantly enhanced heat induction characteristics of Mg0.13‐γFe2O3 are primarily due to the dramatically enhanced out‐of‐phase magnetic susceptibility and magnetically tailored AC/DC magnetic softness resulted from the systematically controlled Mg2+ cations distribution and concentrations in octahedral site Fe vacancies of γ‐Fe2O3 instead of well‐known Fe3O4 SPNPs. In vitro and in vivo magnetic hyperthermia studies using Mg0.13‐γFe2O3 nanofluids are conducted to estimate bioavailability and biofeasibility. Mg0.13‐γFe2O3 nanofluids show promising hyperthermia effects to completely kill the tumors.
High‐Performance Vertical Organic Electrochemical Transistors
Authors: Donahue Mary J. , Williamson Adam , Strakosas Xenofon , Friedlein Jacob T. , McLeod Robert R. , Gleskova Helena , Malliaras George G. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOrganic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are promising transducers for biointerfacing due to their high transconductance, biocompatibility, and availability in a variety of form factors. Most OECTs reported to date, however, utilize rather large channels, limiting the transistor performance and resulting in a low transistor density. This is typically a consequence of limitations associated with traditional fabrication methods and with 2D substrates. Here, the fabrication and characterization of OECTs with vertically stacked contacts, which overcome these limitations, is reported. The resulting vertical transistors exhibit a reduced footprint, increased intrinsic transconductance of up to 57 mS, and a geometry‐normalized transconductance of 814 S m−1. The fabrication process is straightforward and compatible with sensitive organic materials, and allows exceptional control over the transistor channel length. This novel 3D fabrication method is particularly suited for applications where high density is needed, such as in implantable devices.
Bright Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering with Fluorescence Quenching from Silica Encapsulated J‐Aggregate Coated Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Walters Christopher M. , Pao Caroline , Gagnon Brandon P. , Zamecnik Colin R. , Walker Gilbert C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPlexitonic nanoparticles offer variable optical properties through tunable excitations, in addition to electric field enhancements that far exceed molecular resonators. This study demonstrates a way to design an ultrabright surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) signal while simultaneously quenching the fluorescence background through silica encapsulation of the semiconductor–metal composite nanoparticles. Using a multistep approach, a J‐aggregate‐forming organic dye is assembled on the surface of gold nanoparticles using a cationic linker. Excitonic resonance of the J‐aggregate–metal system shows an enhanced SERS signal at an appropriate excitation wavelength. Further encapsulation of the decorated particles in silica shows a significant reduction in the fluorescence signal of the Raman spectra (5× reduction) and an increase in Raman scattering (7× enhancement) when compared to phospholipid encapsulation. This reduction in fluorescence is important for maximizing the useful SERS enhancement from the particle, which shows a signal increase on the order of 104 times greater than J‐aggregated dye in solution and 24 times greater than Oxonica S421 SERS tag. The silica layer also serves to promote colloidal stability. The combination of reduced fluorescence background, enhanced SERS intensity, and temporal stability makes these particles highly distinguishable with potential to enable high‐throughput applications such as SERS flow cytometry.
Sleep disordered breathing does not predict acute severe pain episodes in children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Willen Shaina M. , Rodeghier Mark , Rosen Carol L. , DeBaun Michael R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractConflicting evidence has suggested that low mean nocturnal hemoglobin oxygen saturation (SpO2) predicts future hospital days for acute severe pain in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA). In an unselected multicenter prospective cohort study, we tested the hypothesis that either low mean nocturnal SpO2 or high obstructive apnea‐hypopnea index (OAHI; the number of obstructive apneas and hypopneas with ≥ 3% desaturation or arousal per hour of sleep) or high oxygen desaturation index (ODI; number of ≥ 3% desaturation from baseline saturation per hour of sleep) is associated with increased incidence rates of pain. A total of 140 children with SCA with a median age of 10.8 years (interquartile range 7.2) were followed for a median of 4.9 years (interquartile range 1.8). Overnight polysomnography evaluations at baseline health exam were measured and adjudicated centrally. Multivariable models created in two steps were included. First, all plausible covariates were included in a screening model. Subsequently, covariates meeting level of statistical significance of P < .20 were included in the final model. Contrary to our hypothesis, higher (but not lower) mean nocturnal SpO2 was associated with higher rates of pain episodes (Incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.10, 95% CI [1.03‐1.18], P = .004). Higher log OAHI did not pass screening criteria. Higher log ODI was not significantly associated with higher rates of pain episodes (IRR 0.93, 95% CI [0.82‐1.06], P = .28). Neither low nocturnal SpO2, higher OAHI, nor higher ODI were associated with clinically relevant increased incidence rates of acute severe pain episodes.
α‐Aminoxy‐Acid‐Auxiliary‐Enabled Intermolecular Radical γ‐C(sp3)−H Functionalization of Ketones
Authors: Jiang Heng , Studer Armido 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA method for site‐specific intermolecular γ‐C(sp3)−H functionalization of ketones has been developed using an α‐aminoxy acid auxiliary applying photoredox catalysis. Regioselective activation of an inert C−H bond is achieved by 1,5‐hydrogen atom abstraction by an oxidatively generated iminyl radical. Tertiary and secondary C‐radicals thus formed at the γ‐position of the imine functionality undergo radical conjugate addition to various Michael acceptors to provide, after reduction and imine hydrolysis, the corresponding γ‐functionalized ketones.
The Metal–Metal‐to‐Ligand Charge Transfer Excited State and Supramolecular Polymerization of Luminescent Pincer PdII–Isocyanide Complexes
Authors: Wan Qingyun , To Wai‐Pong , Yang Chen , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPincer PdII–isocyanide complexes are described that display intermolecular interactions and emissive 3MMLCT excited states in aggregation state(s) at room temperature. The intermolecular PdII−PdII and ligand–ligand interactions drive these complexes to undergo supramolecular polymerization in a living manner. Comprehensive spectroscopic studies reveal a pathway with a kinetic trap that can be modulated by changing the counteranion and metal atom. The PdII supramolecular assemblies comprise two different aggregation forms with only one to be emissive. DFT/TDDFT calculations lend support to the MMLCT absorption and emission of these pincer PdII–isocyanide aggregates.
Regulation of Coordination Number over Single Co Sites: Triggering the Efficient Electroreduction of CO2
Authors: Wang Xiaoqian , Chen Zhao , Zhao Xuyan , Yao Tao , Chen Wenxing , You Rui , Zhao Changming , Wu Geng , Wang Jing , Huang Weixin , Yang Jinlong , Hong Xun , Wei Shiqiang , Wu Yuen , Li Yadong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe design of active, selective, and stable CO2 reduction electrocatalysts is still challenging. A series of atomically dispersed Co catalysts with different nitrogen coordination numbers were prepared and their CO2 electroreduction catalytic performance was explored. The best catalyst, atomically dispersed Co with two‐coordinate nitrogen atoms, achieves both high selectivity and superior activity with 94 % CO formation Faradaic efficiency and a current density of 18.1 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 520 mV. The CO formation turnover frequency reaches a record value of 18 200 h−1, surpassing most reported metal‐based catalysts under comparable conditions. Our experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that lower a coordination number facilitates activation of CO2 to the CO2.− intermediate and hence enhances CO2 electroreduction activity.
Mechanical and thermal properties of wood fibers reinforced poly(lactic acid)/thermoplasticized starch composites
Authors: N. Raghu , Kale Amey , Raj Anand , Aggarwal Pankaj , Chauhan Shakti 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThermoplasticized starch (TPS) filled poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blends are usually found to have low mechanical properties due to poor properties of TPS and inadequate adhesion between the TPS and PLA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reinforcing effect of wood fibers (WF) on the mechanical properties of TPS/PLA blends. In order to improve the compatibility of wood with TPS/PLA blends, maleic anhydride grafted PLA (MA‐g‐PLA) copolymer was synthesized and used. TPS, TPS/PLA blends, and WF reinforced TPS/PLA composites were prepared by twin‐screw extrusion and injection molded. Scanning electron microscope and crystallinity studies indicated thermoplasticity in starch. WF at two different weight proportions, that is, 20% and 40% with respect to TPS content were taken and MA‐g‐PLA at 10% to the total weight was chosen to study the effect on mechanical properties. At 20% WF and 10% MA‐g‐PLA, the tensile strength exhibited 86% improvement and flexural strength exhibited about 106% improvement over TPS/PLA blends. Increasing WF content to 40% further enhanced tensile strength by 128% and flexural strength by 180% with respect to TPS/PLA blends. Thermal behavior of blends and composites was analyzed using dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 46118.