bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral health and human papillomavirus‐associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Mazul Angela L. , Taylor James M. , Divaris Kimon , Weissler Mark C. , Brennan Paul , Anantharaman Devasena , Abedi‐Ardekani Behnoush , Olshan Andrew F. , Zevallos Jose P. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDIndicators of poor oral health, including smoking, have been associated with increased risk of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, especially oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), yet few studies have examined whether this association is modified by human papillomavirus (HPV) status.METHODSData from interviews and tumor HPV status from a large population‐based case‐control study, the Carolina Head and Neck Cancer Study (CHANCE), were used to estimate the association between oral health indicators and smoking among 102 HPV‐positive patients and 145 HPV‐negative patients with OPSCC and 1396 controls. HPV status was determined by p16INK4a (p16) immunohistochemistry. Unconditional, multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) for all oral health indictors adjusting for important covariates.RESULTSRoutine dental examinations were associated with a decreased risk of both HPV‐negative OPSCC (OR, 0.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.35‐0.76) and HPV‐positive OPSCC (OR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.36‐.86). Tooth mobility (a proxy for periodontal disease) increased the risk of HPV‐negative disease (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.18‐2.43) slightly more than the risk for HPV‐positive disease (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.95‐2.20). Ten or more pack‐years of cigarette smoking were strongly associated with an increased risk of HPV‐negative OPSCC (OR, 4.26; 95% CI, 2.85‐6.37) and were associated less with an increased risk of HPV‐positive OPSCC (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.10‐2.38).CONCLUSIONSAlthough HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative HNSCC differ significantly with respect to etiology and tumorigenesis, the current findings suggest a similar pattern of association between poor oral health, frequency of dental examinations, and both HPV‐positive and HPV‐negative OPSCC. Future research is required to elucidate interactions between poor oral health, tobacco use, and HPV in the development of OPSCC. Cancer 2017;71–80. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
A prospective study of cerebral, frontal lobe, and temporal lobe volumes and neuropsychological performance in children with primary brain tumors treated with cranial radiation
Authors: Agbahiwe Harold , Rashid Arif , Horska Alena , Mahone E. Mark , Lin Doris , McNutt Todd , Cohen Kenneth , Redmond Kristin , Wharam Moody , Terezakis Stephanie 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDCranial radiation therapy (RT) is an important component in the treatment of pediatric brain tumors. However, it can result in long‐term effects on the developing brain. This prospective study assessed the effects of cranial RT on cerebral, frontal lobe, and temporal lobe volumes and their correlation with higher cognitive functioning.METHODSTen pediatric patients with primary brain tumors treated with cranial RT and 14 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy children serving as controls were evaluated. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological assessments (language, memory, auditory and visual processing, and vocabulary) were performed at the baseline and 6, 15, and 27 months after RT. The effects of age, the time since RT, and the cerebral RT dose on brain volumes and neuropsychological performance were analyzed with linear mixed effects model analyses.RESULTSCerebral volume increased significantly with age in both groups (P = .01); this increase in volume was more pronounced in younger children. Vocabulary performance was found to be significantly associated with a greater cerebral volume (P = .05) and a lower RT dose (P = .003). No relation was observed between the RT dose and the cerebral volume. There was no difference in the corresponding neuropsychological tests between the 2 groups.CONCLUSIONSThis prospective study found significant relations among the RT dose, cerebral volumes, and rate of vocabulary development among children receiving RT. The results of this study provide further support for clinical trials aimed at reducing cranial RT doses in the pediatric population. Cancer 2017;161–168. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Impact of facility volume on outcomes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal: Analysis of the National Cancer Data Base
Authors: Amini Arya , Jones Bernard L. , Ghosh Debashis , Schefter Tracey E. , Goodman Karyn A. 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDGiven the rarity of anal cancer and the technical aspects involved in radiation (RT) planning, the authors conducted a population‐based analysis evaluating the impact of radiation oncology facility volume on overall survival (OS) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the anal canal.METHODSThe National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) was queried for patients with SCC of the anal canal who underwent RT. All patients were coded as having received their entire course of RT at the NCDB reporting facility. Facility volume was categorized into tertiles (low, intermediate, and high) and was based on the number of times a facility's unique identification code appeared.RESULTSIn total, 13,550 patients were identified. Patients who received treatment at higher volume radiation oncology facilities had longer OS based on multivariate analysis (MVA) (hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73‐0.90; P < .001) and propensity score matching analysis (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69‐0.91; P < .001). For patients who received treatment at low‐volume, intermediate‐volume, and high‐volume centers, the 5‐year OS rate was 70%, 72.2%, and 75.4%, respectively (P < .001). Compared with low/intermediate‐volume radiation oncology centers, high‐volume centers were more likely to treat patients with concurrent chemotherapy (odds ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.51; P = .006) and less likely to have treatment delays leading to an RT duration of >45 days (odds ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.69‐0.80; P < .001).CONCLUSIONSTreatment at higher volume radiation oncology centers appears to be associated with improved OS in patients with SCC of the anal canal. These results likely reflect the relation between physician experience and delivery of high‐quality RT, which perhaps is best evident in rare tumors such as anal SCC. Cancer 2017;123:228–236. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Cone signals in monostratified and bistratified amacrine cells of adult zebrafish retina
Authors: Torvund M.M. , Ma T.S. , Connaughton V.P. , Ono F. , Nelson R.F. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTStrata within the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of vertebrate retinas are suspected to be distinct signaling regions. Functions performed within adult zebrafish IPL strata were examined through microelectrode recording and staining of stratified amacrine types. The stimulus protocol and analysis discriminated the pattern of input from red, green, blue, and UV cones as well as the light‐response waveforms in this tetrachromatic species. A total of 36 cells were analyzed. Transient depolarizing waveforms at ON and OFF originated with bistratified amacrine types, whose dendritic planes branched either in IPL sublaminas a & b, or only within sublamina a. Monophasic‐sustained depolarizing waveforms originated with types monostratified in IPL s4 (sublamina b). OFF responses hyperpolarized at onset, depolarized at offset, and in some cases depolarized during mid‐stimulus. These signals originated with types monostratified in s1 or s2 (sublamina a). Bistratified amacrines received depolarizing signals only from red cones, at both ON and OFF, while s4 stratified ON cells combined red and green cone signals. The s1/s2 stratified OFF cells utilized hyperpolarizing signals from red, red and green, or red and blue cones at ON, but only depolarizing red cone signals at OFF. ON and OFF depolarizing transients from red cones appear widely distributed within IPL strata. “C‐type” physiologies, depolarized by some wavelengths, hyperpolarized by others, in biphasic or triphasic spectral patterns, originated with amacrine cells monostratified in s5. Collectively, cells in this stratum processed signals from all cone types. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1532–1557, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Virtual network embedding with pre‐transformation and incentive convergence mechanism
Authors: Wang Cong , Liu Guohua , Peng Sancheng , Yuan Ying , Li Guorui , Wan Cong 
Published: August 2016

SummaryEfficient and fair resource allocation for multitudinous virtual networks running cloud‐based applications is crucial to archive dynamic resources multi‐tenancy in cloud computing. In order to solve the problem, we propose a novel virtual network embedding (VNE) algorithm to increase revenue and utilization of substrate network as well as to improve acceptance fairness of virtual networks. First, we present a virtual topology pre‐transformation mechanism leveraging reusable technology to reduce topology difference and achieve acceptance fairness. Then, because of the Non‐deterministic polynomial‐time (NP)‐hard characteristics of VNE, we model the problem as an integer linear programming problem and solve the VNE problem with a discrete particle swarm optimization‐based algorithm. The operations and parameters of particles are well redefined according to the VNE context. Finally, an incentive convergence mechanism is proposed to reduce mapping complexity, which can be used to accelerate convergence and to save more bandwidth by exploiting individual candidate nodes' lists. Simulation results prove that our proposed method is superior to the existing similar algorithms in terms of physical resource utilization, acceptance fairness, revenue/cost ratio, and searching efficiency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of Nano‐sized CeO2 Materials: Combined Scattering and Spectroscopic Investigations
Authors: Marchbank Huw R. , Clark Adam H. , Hyde Timothy I. , Playford Helen Y. , Tucker Matthew G. , Thompsett David , Fisher Janet M. , Chapman Karena W. , Beyer Kevin A. , Monte Manuel , Longo Alessandro , Sankar Gopinathan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe structure of several nano‐sized ceria, CeO2, systems was investigated using neutron and X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. Whilst both diffraction and total pair distribution functions (PDFs) revealed that in all of the samples the occupancy of both Ce4+ and O2− are very close to the ideal stoichiometry, the analysis using Reverse Monte Carlo technique revealed significant disorder around oxygen atoms in the nano‐sized ceria samples in comparison to the highly crystalline NIST standard. In addition, the analysis revealed that the main differences observed in the pair correlations from various X‐ray and neutron diffraction techniques were attributable to the particle size of the CeO2 prepared by the reported three methods. Furthermore, detailed analysis of the Ce L3‐ and K‐edge EXAFS data support this finding; in particular the decrease in higher shell coordination numbers with respect to the NIST standard, is attributed to differences in particle size.
Acidity Constant (pKa) Calculation of Large Solvated Dye Molecules: Evaluation of Two Advanced Molecular Dynamics Methods
Authors: De Meyer Thierry , Ensing Bernd , Rogge Sven M. J. , De Clerck Karen , Meijer Evert Jan , Van Speybroeck Veronique 
Published: August 2016

AbstractpH‐Sensitive dyes are increasingly applied on polymer substrates for the creation of novel sensor materials. Recently, these dye molecules were modified to form a covalent bond with the polymer host. This had a large influence on the pH‐sensitive properties, in particular on the acidity constant (pKa). Obtaining molecular control over the factors that influence the pKa value is mandatory for the future intelligent design of sensor materials. Herein, we show that advanced molecular dynamics (MD) methods have reached the level at which the pKa values of large solvated dye molecules can be predicted with high accuracy. Two MD methods were used in this work: steered or restrained MD and the insertion/deletion scheme. Both were first calibrated on a set of phenol derivatives and afterwards applied to the dye molecule bromothymol blue. Excellent agreement with experimental values was obtained, which opens perspectives for using these methods for designing dye molecules.
Weather, habitat composition, and female behavior interact to modify offspring survival in Greater Sage‐Grouse
Authors: Gibson Daniel , Blomberg Erik J. , Atamian Michael T. , Sedinger James S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWeather is a source of environmental variation that can affect population vital rates. However, the influence of weather on individual fitness is spatially heterogeneous and can be driven by other environmental factors, such as habitat composition. Therefore, individuals can experience reduced fitness (e.g., decreased reproductive success) during poor environmental conditions through poor decisions regarding habitat selection. This requires, however, that habitat selection is adaptive and that the organism can correctly interpret the environmental cues to modify habitat use. Greater Sage‐Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) are an obligate of the sagebrush ecosystems of western North America, relying on sagebrush for food and cover. Greater Sage‐Grouse chicks, however, require foods with high nutrient content (i.e., forbs and insects), the abundance of which is both temporally and spatially dynamic and related primarily to water availability. Our goal was to assess whether nest site selection and movements of broods by females reduced the negative effect of drought on offspring survival. As predicted, chick survival was negatively influenced by drought severity. We found that sage‐grouse females generally preferred to nest and raise their young in locations where their chicks would experience higher survival. We also found that use of habitats positively associated with chick survival were also positively associated with drought severity, which suggests that females reduced drought impacts on their dependent young by selecting more favorable environments during drought years. Although our findings suggest that female nest site selection and brood movement rates can reduce the negative effects of drought on early offspring survival, the influence of severe drought conditions was not completely mitigated by female behavior, and that drought conditions should be considered a threat to Greater Sage‐Grouse population persistence.
Body composition and menstrual status in adults with a history of anorexia nervosa—at what fat percentage is the menstrual cycle restored?
Authors: Winkler Laura Al‐Dakhiel , Frølich Jacob Stampe , Schulpen Maya , Støving René Klinkby 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo study the association between body composition measures and menstrual status in a large sample of adult patients with a history of anorexia nervosa and to calculate the predicted probability of resumption of menstrual function. Furthermore, to establish whether fat percentage is superior to body mass index in predicting the resumption of menses.MethodOne hundred and thirteen adult women with a history of anorexia nervosa underwent a dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan and completed questionnaires regarding medication prescription and menstrual function.ResultsFifty percent of patients were expected to resume their menstrual function at a body mass index of 19 kg m−2 or a fat percentage of 23%. Twenty‐five percent of patients were expected to resume their menstrual function at body mass index 14 kg m−2 or fat percentage 11%. Fat percentage and body mass index were equally capable of predicting the resumption of menses.DiscussionFat percentage and body mass index were positive predictors of the resumption of menses, however, body composition measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry was not superior to body mass index in predicting menstrual recovery, which is of great clinical relevance as body mass index is easier and cheaper to obtain. Body composition measures only account for one of numerous factors involved in the resumption of menses. Regression models based on our data had a R2 value of 0.14, indicating that only 14% of the variation in menstrual recovery could be explained by the variables included. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:370–377)
Increased seedling establishment via enemy release at the upper elevational range limit of sugar maple
Authors: Urli Morgane , Brown Carissa D. , Narváez Perez Rosela , Chagnon Pierre‐Luc , Vellend Mark 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe enemy release hypothesis is frequently invoked to explain invasion by nonnative species, but studies focusing on the influence of enemies on natural plant range expansion due to climate change remain scarce. We combined multiple approaches to study the influence of plant–enemy interactions on the upper elevational range limit of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) in southeastern Québec, Canada, where a previous study had demonstrated intense seed predation just beyond the range limit. Consistent with the hypothesis of release from natural enemies at the range limit, data from both natural patterns of regeneration and from seed and seedling transplant experiments showed higher seedling densities at the range edge than in the core of the species' distribution. A growth chamber experiment manipulating soil origin and temperature indicated that this so‐called “happy edge” was not likely caused by temperature (i.e., the possibility that climate warming has made high elevation temperatures optimal for sugar maple) or by abiotic soil factors that vary along the elevational gradient. Finally, an insect‐herbivore‐exclusion experiment showed that insect herbivory was a major cause of seedling mortality in the core of sugar maple's distribution, whereas seedlings transplanted at or beyond the range edge experienced minimal herbivory (i.e., enemy release). Insect herbivory did not completely explain the high levels of seedling mortality in the core of the species' distribution, suggesting that seedlings at or beyond the range edge may also experience release from pathogens. In sum, while some effects of enemies are magnified beyond range edges (e.g., seed predation), others are dampened at and beyond the range edge (e.g., insect herbivory), such that understanding the net outcome of different biotic interactions within, at and beyond the edge of distribution is critical to predicting species' responses to global change.
Ecogeomorphic relations between marsh surface elevation and vegetation properties in a temperate multi‐species salt marsh
Authors: Belliard Jean‐Philippe , Temmerman Stijn , Toffolon Marco 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSalt marshes represent a fascinating example of an ecosystem whose dynamic response to climate change is chiefly governed by a two‐way bio‐physical coupling between marsh ecology and geomorphology. Relationships between vegetation biomass and marsh surface elevation, and between vegetation biomass and its physical properties that influence sedimentation rates, have been progressively formulated in the literature in order to provide mechanistic understandings and mathematical model descriptions of these ecogeomorphic feedbacks. In this study, a field survey was conducted in a temperate salt marsh grown by multiple halophyte species in order to quantify and validate these empirical relationships, yet in a location characterized by different climatic and ecological conditions from the locations where these relationships were initially derived. Regression analysis revealed that vegetation biomass can be expressed as a linearly increasing function of marsh elevation, providing therefore a direct empirical validation for such a relationship previously reported in the literature and implemented in some ecogeomorphic models. However, previously documented allometric relationships between total standing biomass and vegetation morphometrics – namely stem diameter, stem density and projected plant area per unit volume – were not confirmed by our results, which only showed an allometric scaling for stem height. These results suggest that previously documented formulations of mineral sediment trapping processes modulated by plants, which are partly derived on the basis of these allometric relationships, are not generally validated for multi‐species salt marshes. Therefore, existing models that apply these process‐based equations to study marsh evolution in a multi‐species context may not capture in detail the vegetation‐induced geomorphic work. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study to better understand factors affecting the CO2 mineral trapping potential of basalt
Authors: Hellevang Helge , Haile Beyene Girma , Tetteh Abednego 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe CO2 mineral trapping potential of basalt is reduced when smectites, zeolites, and various oxides form. To better understand the reactions competing for the divalent metal cations, we performed a systematic batch‐reactor experimental study varying pH, temperature (from 80 to 150°C), CO2 pressure, and initial aqueous metal ion composition. From the experiments we could not see any mineral carbonate formation at pH < 8 at 80°C and pH <7 at 100 and 150°C. Smectite, identified by XRD as a nontronite, was formed in all experiments. At higher pHs various forms of Ca‐carbonates formed together with the smectite. The effect of the smectite growth to deplete solutions of metal cations (Mg and Fe) appears not to be the main reason for the lack of predicted MgFe‐carbonates. Instead, data suggest that the lack of observable growth may come from a combination of inhibition of carbonate nucleation, and slow carbonate growth rates. The slow growth is mainly caused by a very large deviation of the aqueous Me2+/CO32− activity ratio (r) from the stoichiometric ratio of the secondary carbonates, leading to a 4‒5 order of magnitude drop in precipitation rates compared to stoichiometric solutions. Using transition state theory (TST)‐based rate laws to model basalt carbonatization will lead to corresponding orders of magnitude over‐predictions. In addition to reducing the carbonatization potential, smectites may also deteriorate permeability and CO2 injectivity if forming in pore throats and narrow fractures. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐carbon policy options and scenario analysis on CO2 mitigation potential in China's transportation sector
Authors: Wen Zongguo , Li Huifang , Zhang Xueying , Chi Kin Lee Jason , Xu Chang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe annual growth rate of CO2 emissions from China's transportation sector exceeded the growth rate of emissions from the whole society, making transportation the third‐largest CO2 emissions sector after the industrial and household consumption sectors in China. This paper is intended to project CO2 emissions in China's transportation sector from 2010 to 2020 and to assess the effectiveness of possible reduction measures. A detailed bottom‐up model has been developed and four scenarios have been designed to describe the future development of the sector. The results indicate that under the business as usual (BAU) scenario, emissions would increase by 58%, reaching 1.38 billion tCO2 by 2020. Reduction potentials ranged from 96 to 515 million tCO2 under different scenarios. Road transportation alone accounted for more than 80% of total emissions on average, making it a key target for CO2 mitigation actions. Application of conventional transportation technology, together with accelerating the development of new‐energy technologies, was the most effective and contributed to more than 70% of reductions. These measures combined with traffic mode shifts in consumption patterns will lead to the sustainable and effective development of China's transportation sector. In addition, to avoid a rebound in transport fuel demand, policies combination is suggested. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.