bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of genomic copy number variation in equine recurrent airway obstruction (heaves)
Authors: Ghosh S. , Das P. J. , McQueen C. M. , Gerber V. , Swiderski C. E. , Lavoie J.‐P. , Chowdhary B. P , Raudsepp T. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryWe explored the involvement of genomic copy number variants (CNVs) in susceptibility to recurrent airway obstruction (RAO), or heaves—an asthmalike inflammatory disease in horses. Analysis of 16RAO‐susceptible (cases) and sixRAO‐resistant (control) horses on a custom‐made whole‐genome 400K equine tiling array identified 245CNVregions (CNVRs), 197 previously known and 48 new, distributed on all horse autosomes and the X chromosome. Among the newCNVRs, 30 were exclusively found inRAOcases and were further analyzed by quantitativePCR, including additional cases and controls. Suggestive association (P = 0.03; correctedP = 0.06) was found betweenRAOand a loss on chromosome 5 involvingNME7,a gene necessary for ciliary functions in lungs and involved in primary ciliary dyskinesia in humans. TheCNVRcould be a potential marker forRAOsusceptibility but needs further study in additionalRAOcohorts. OtherCNVRs were not associated withRAO, although several involved genes of interest, such asSPI2/SERPINA1from the serpin gene family, which are associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma in humans. TheSPI2/SERPINA1CNVRshowed striking variation among horses, but it was not significantly different betweenRAOcases and controls. The findings provide baseline information on the relationship betweenCNVs andRAOsusceptibility. Discovery of newCNVs and the use of a larger population ofRAO‐affected and control horses are needed to shed more light on their significance in modulating this complex and heterogeneous disease.
Helicobacter pylori in children with asthmatic conditions at school age, and their mothers
Authors: den Hollander W. J. , Sonnenschein‐van der Voort A. M. M. , Holster I. L. , de Jongste J. C. , Jaddoe V. W. , Hofman A. , Perez‐Perez G. I. , Moll H. A. , Blaser M. J. , Duijts L. , Kuipers E. J. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundHelicobacter pylori prevalence in Western countries has been declining simultaneously with increases in childhood asthma and allergic diseases; prior studies have linked these phenomena.AimsTo examine the association between H. pylori colonisation in children and risk of asthma and related conditions at school age. We secondly examined additional effects of maternal H. pylori status by pairing with children's status.MethodsThis study was embedded in a multi‐ethnic population‐based cohort in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. We measured anti‐H. pylori and anti‐CagA antibodies in serum of children obtained at age 6 years, and of their mothers obtained during midpregnancy. Asthma or related conditions were reported for children at age 6 years. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses among 3797 subjects.ResultsIn children, the H. pylori positivity rate was 8.7%, and 29.2% of these were CagA‐positive. A child's colonisation with a CagA‐negative‐H. pylori strain was associated with an increased risk of asthma (Odds ratio 2.11; 95% CI 1.23–3.60), but this differed for European (3.64; 1.97–6.73) and non‐European (0.52; 0.14–1.89) children. When taking into account maternal H. pylori status, only H. pylori‐positive children with an H. pylori‐negative mother had increased risk of asthma (2.42; 1.11–5.27), accounting for 3.4% of the asthma risk.ConclusionsColonisation of a European child with a CagA‐negative‐H. pylori strain at age 6 was associated with an increased prevalence of asthma, but there was no association for non‐European children. The underlying mechanisms for the observed risk differences require further research.
Development of behavioural regulation in Do and Don't contexts among behaviourally inhibited Chinese children
Authors: He Jie , Zhai Shuyi , Lou Liyue , Zhang Qing , Li Zhuyun , Shen Mowei 
Published: March 2016

Behavioural inhibition influences the development of behavioural regulation in early childhood. Previous studies have mainly focused on the relationship between inhibition and regulation in the Don't context (e.g., inhibitory control), while few have investigated this relationship in the Do context (e.g., task persistence). This longitudinal study examined the effect of temperamental inhibition on behavioural regulation during both the Do and Don't contexts in 112 Chinese preschoolers. At 3.5 years of age, children's behavioural inhibition was assessed by behavioural observation and parental report, and then at 4.5 years of age, their regulatory behaviours were measured in the following two challenging contexts: Do [locked box (LB)] and Don't [toy inhibition (TI)]. In each task, children were randomly assigned to either a high‐ or a low‐incentive condition designed to vary the value of a given goal. Results suggested that higher inhibition was associated with poorer regulation (lower task persistence) in both conditions of the Do context (LB), whereas in the Don't context (TI) highly inhibited children showed better regulation (less violation behaviours) in the low‐incentive condition than they did in the high‐incentive condition. The results highlight the context characteristics and goal incentive as important factors for behavioural regulation development in inhibited children in China.
Mental Fitness for patients with acute coronary syndrome: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Chiavarino Claudia , Cavallero Erika , Rabellino Daniela , Palumbo Luigi , Bianchino Claudia , Gaita Fiorenzo , Bergerone Serena , Bara Bruno G. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to verify the efficacy of a manualized, cognitively oriented psychological intervention, called Mental Fitness, in improving the mental and physical health of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Mental Fitness is a small‐group four‐session treatment aimed at increasing awareness of one's own bodily perceptions, emotions, and thoughts and is overall tailored on participants' perception of control over their health.DesignProspective randomized controlled single‐blind trial.MethodsPatients with ACS were recruited within a week from their acute cardiac event. Patients in the intervention group underwent one of two variants of Mental Fitness, depending on their perceived (internal or external) control over their health. Patients in the control group underwent standard treatment. All the patients were submitted to a clinical and psychological follow‐up for 8 months.ResultsThe patients who underwent the Mental Fitness intervention (N = 31) showed, compared to the control patients (N = 34), increased quality of life in its physical, psychological, social and environmental domains, more functional emotional and problem‐centred coping strategies, and higher emotional awareness. They also showed improved high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, heart rate, and left ventricular ejection fraction compared to the controls. In addition, they were more successful in maintaining physical exercise.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the efficacy of Mental Fitness in modifying specific psychological and physical variables conditioning cardiological patients' prognosis. It also confirms the importance of differentiating psychological interventions based on the psychological characteristics of the patients.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Traditional symptom‐based interventions in heart disease are aimed at diagnosing and reducing psychological symptomatology (e.g., depression), but recent work has shown the usefulness of orienting psychological interventions to patients' representations of themselves and of the world and to how such representations influence their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours (e.g., Chiavarino et al., ).

What does this study add?

Mental Fitness, by working on awareness of bodily perceptions, emotions, and thoughts, leads to positive changes in physical and psychological health.

Mental Fitness is a cost‐effective psychological intervention that adds significantly to the effectiveness of standard medical care.
Quantification provides a conceptual basis for convergent evolution
Authors: Speed Michael P. , Arbuckle Kevin 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTWhile much of evolutionary biology attempts to explain the processes of diversification, there is an important place for the study of phenotypic similarity across life forms. When similar phenotypes evolve independently in different lineages this is referred to as convergent evolution. Although long recognised, evolutionary convergence is receiving a resurgence of interest. This is in part because new genomic data sets allow detailed and tractable analysis of the genetic underpinnings of convergent phenotypes, and in part because of renewed recognition that convergence may reflect limitations in the diversification of life. In this review we propose that although convergent evolution itself does not require a new evolutionary framework, none the less there is room to generate a more systematic approach which will enable evaluation of the importance of convergent phenotypes in limiting the diversity of life's forms. We therefore propose that quantification of the frequency and strength of convergence, rather than simply identifying cases of convergence, should be considered central to its systematic comprehension. We provide a non‐technical review of existing methods that could be used to measure evolutionary convergence, bringing together a wide range of methods. We then argue that quantification also requires clear specification of the level at which the phenotype is being considered, and argue that the most constrained examples of convergence show similarity both in function and in several layers of underlying form. Finally, we argue that the most important and impressive examples of convergence are those that pertain, in form and function, across a wide diversity of selective contexts as these persist in the likely presence of different selection pressures within the environment.
The impact of disease activity and tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor therapy on cytokine levels in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Walters H M , Pan N , Lehman T J A , Adams A , Kalliolias G D , Zhu Y S , Santiago F , Nguyen J , Sitaras L , Cunningham-Rundles S , Walsh T J , Toussi S S 
Published: March 2016

Summary
The aim of this study was to evaluate prospectively cytokine levels and disease activity in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients treated with and without tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors. TNF-α inhibitor-naive JIA subjects were followed prospectively for 6 months. Cytokine levels of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)−1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and IL-17 were measured at baseline for JIA subjects and healthy controls (HCs). Cytokine levels were then measured at four time-points after initiation of TNF-α inhibition for anti-TNF-α-treated (anti-TNF) JIA subjects, and at two subsequent time-points for other JIA (non-TNF) subjects. JIA disease activity by Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) disability index/pain score and physician joint count/global assessment was recorded. Sixteen anti-TNF, 31 non-TNF and 16 HCs were analysed. Among JIA subjects, those with higher baseline disease activity (subsequent anti-TNFs) had higher baseline TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 than those with lower disease activity (non-TNFs) (P &lt; 0·05). TNF-α and IL-10 increased, and IL-6 and IL-8 no longer remained significantly higher after TNF-α inhibitor initiation in anti-TNF subjects. Subgroup analysis of etanercept versus adalimumab-treated subjects showed that TNF-α and IL-17 increased significantly in etanercept but not adalimumab-treated subjects, despite clinical improvement in both groups of subjects. JIA subjects with increased disease activity at baseline had higher serum proinflammatory cytokines. TNF-α inhibition resulted in suppression of IL-6 and IL-8 in parallel with clinical improvement in all anti-TNF-treated subjects, but was also associated with elevated TNF-α and IL-17 in etanercept-treated subjects.
The first phylogenetic study of Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) based on molecular data: clades and congruence with morphological characters
Authors: Marinho Marco Antonio Tonus , Wolff Marta , Ramos‐Pastrana Yardany , de Azeredo‐Espin Ana Maria Lima , Amorim Dalton de Souza 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe Mesembrinellidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) comprise a small group of strictly Neotropical calyptrate flies, with 36 described species. The group has often been treated as a subfamily of Calliphoridae, but there is growing evidence that it corresponds to a distinct Oestroidea lineage. Internal relationships have so far been addressed based only on morphology, with results lacking resolution and support. This is the first molecular phylogeny for the group, which is based on the analyses of 80 terminal taxa (22 mesembrinellid and 28 outgroup species) and 5 molecular markers (ITS2, 28S, COI, COII and 16S). Maximum‐parsimony, maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian inference methods were used, the latter two with partitioning strategies considering codon position and secondary structure information. Results corroborate the Mesembrinellidae as a monophyletic lineage inside Oestroidea. Three clades were consistently recovered: (1) (Laneella + Mesembrinella patriciae); (2) (Mesembrinella (excluding M. patriciae) + Eumesembrinella); and (3) (Huascaromusca + Giovanella). Re‐examination of the female reproductive tract of M. patriciae revealed a Laneela‐type spermatheca, which corroborates the position of the species recovered in the molecular phylogenetic analyses. Mesembrinella and Huascaromusca are in all cases paraphyletic with regards to Eumesembrinella and Giovanella, respectively. These latter two genera should, thus, be seen as subjective junior synonyms.
Metabolism of aceclofenac in cattle to vulture‐killing diclofenac
Authors: Galligan T. H. , Taggart M. A. , Cuthbert R. J. , Svobodova D. , Chipangura J. , Alderson D. , Prakash V. M. , Naidoo V. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac is highly toxic to Gyps vultures, and its recent widespread use in South Asia caused catastrophic declines in at least 3 scavenging raptors. The manufacture of veterinary formulations of diclofenac has since been banned across the region with mixed success. However, at least 12 other NSAIDs are available for veterinary use in South Asia. Aceclofenac is one of these compounds, and it is known to metabolize into diclofenac in some mammal species. The metabolic pathway of aceclofenac in cattle, the primary food of vultures in South Asia, is unknown. We gave 6 cattle the recommended dose of aceclofenac (2 mg/kg), collected blood thereafter at intervals for up to 12 h, and used liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry in a pharmacokinetic analysis of aceclofenac and diclofenac in the plasma. Nearly all the aceclofenac administered to the cattle was very rapidly metabolized into diclofenac. At 2 h, half the aceclofenac had been converted into diclofenac, and at 12 h four‐fifths of the aceclofenac had been converted into diclofenac. Therefore, administering aceclofenac to livestock poses the same risk to vultures as administering diclofenac to livestock. This, coupled with the risk that aceclofenac may replace diclofenac in the veterinary market, points to the need for an immediate ban on all aceclofenac formulations that can be used to treat livestock. Without such a ban, the recovery of vultures across South Asia will not be successful.
Private Landowners, Voluntary Conservation Programs, and Implementation of Conservation Friendly Land Management Practices
Authors: Farmer James R. , Ma Zhao , Drescher Michael , Knackmuhs Eric G. , Dickinson Stephanie L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPrivate land conservation mechanisms are critical components employed by policy makers and conservation professionals to support the stewardship and protection of vital ecosystem services. While most research on voluntary conservation programs focuses on motives and barriers to participation, little is known about landowner activities and ecological status once property is enrolled in programs. Our mailed survey to landowners with property enrolled in the Indiana Classified Forest and Wildlands Program in U.S.A. revealed that (1) environmental motives, (2) residential motives like family life, and (3) having more land enrolled in the program were strong predictors of individuals who implemented conservation actions such as removal of invasive species and control of erosion. We also found that landowners witnessing environmental improvements on their land reported more conservation actions than those perceiving unchanged environmental conditions. A better understanding of landowner perceptions and conservation outcomes can help policy makers improve private land conservation programs.
Phenological response of a key ecosystem function to biological invasion
Authors: Alp Maria , Cucherousset Julien , Buoro Mathieu , Lecerf Antoine 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAlthough climate warming has been widely demonstrated to induce shifts in the timing of many biological events, the phenological consequences of other prominent global change drivers remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of biological invasions on the seasonality of leaf litter decomposition, a crucial freshwater ecosystem function. Decomposition rates were quantified in 18 temperate shallow lakes distributed along a gradient of crayfish invasion and a temperature‐based model was constructed to predict yearly patterns of decomposition. We found that, through direct detritus consumption, omnivorous invasive crayfish accelerated decomposition rates up to fivefold in spring, enhancing temperature dependence of the process and shortening the period of major detritus availability in the ecosystem by up to 39 days (95% CI: 15–61). The fact that our estimates are an order of magnitude higher than any previously reported climate‐driven phenological shifts indicates that some powerful drivers of phenological change have been largely overlooked.
Neurology of the cryopyrin‐associated periodic fever syndrome
Authors: Parker T. , Keddie S. , Kidd D. , Lane T. , Maviki M. , Hawkins P. N. , Lachmann H. J. , Ginsberg L. 
Published: March 2016

Background and purposeThe cryopyrin‐associated periodic fever syndrome (CAPS) is an autosomal dominant autoinflammatory disorder caused by mutations in the NLRP3 gene and is typified by recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation resulting in fever, urticarial rash and arthralgia. In addition to these systemic aspects, CAPS has multiple neurological manifestations. The largest case series to date is presented focusing on the neurological features of this disorder.MethodsThe case histories of a cohort of 38 UK patients with genetically proven CAPS who were treated with interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) inhibition as part of a national treatment programme and underwent detailed neurological assessment were reviewed.ResultsAcross the entire disease course neurological manifestations were present in 95% of patients; 84% had some form of headache; 66% sensorineural hearing loss; 60% myalgia; 34% papilloedema and 26% optic atrophy. Patients with the T348M mutation tended to have a more severe neurological phenotype with an earlier age of onset. Four patients had cerebrospinal fluid examination, three of whom had evidence of aseptic meningitis. There was a marked response to IL‐1β inhibition, which has revolutionized management of these patients (29/32 patients with headache responding).ConclusionNeurological symptoms are extremely common in CAPS and these results highlight the importance of increasing awareness amongst neurologists, particularly as highly effective therapies are available.
Attitudes and Acceptability of Behavior Change Techniques to Promote Healthy Food Choices Among Danish Adolescents
Authors: Nørnberg Trine Riebeling , Skov Laurits Rohden , Houlby Louise , Pérez‐Cueto Federico Jose Armando 
Published: March 2016

This study addressed attitudes of using nudging‐like measures in community schools to promote healthy food choices among Danish adolescents. Data were successfully collected for 408 respondents. The next step was to prepare descriptive statistics and conduct factor analysis and structural equation modeling. Respondents were positive toward less intrusive interventions, but they had negative attitudes toward interventions targeting their self‐image. Self‐reported level of vegetable intake, healthy food habits, and eco‐consciousness had the strongest positive association. Respondents considered it to be acceptable for the school to attempt to intervene with their health‐related behavior, but respondents saw it as neither the school's obligation nor responsibility. School‐based health promotion could benefit from these findings.
Celebrity humanitarianism, transnational emotion and the rise of neoliberal citizenship
Authors: MITCHELL KATHARYNE 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCelebrity humanitarianism is a form of advocacy for the poor and ill, primarily those populations residing in developing regions of the world. Often the celebrities attempt to galvanize support and care for these distant populations through various kinds of emotional practices, which are promoted and sustained across space through the invocation of community and the use of new social media. The articulation of community, empathy and fan activism creates an experience of citizenship that appears to transcend national borders and enables affective relations between distant individuals and places. In this article, I analyse the mechanisms of emotion in the constitution of these deterritorialized networks, including the specific practices and pastoral language that draw individuals into feelings of transnational solidarity, through fan groups and fan–celebrity engagement. Further, I address the ways in which the emotional enrolment of individuals in this vein can be read as part of a larger process of neoliberal citizenship formation and depoliticization, in which subjects are subtly directed away from state‐based responses to problems of poverty and ill health, and towards more individualized, enterprising, and market‐mediated forms of social aid.
Transnational disruptions: materialities and temporalities of transnational citizenship among Somali refugees in Cairo
Authors: PASCUCCI ELISA 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLiterature on both transnationalism and ‘lived citizenship’ has highlighted the multiple, fluid and simultaneous character of migrant experiences of belonging. Geographers, however, have questioned this emphasis on mobility, connections and simultaneity, regrounding research on migrant transnationalism through the study of materiality and embodiment, and pointing to the salience of temporality in defining contemporary migration and asylum regimes. Drawing on ethnographic research with Somali refugees living in Cairo, Egypt, in this article I explore the material and temporal ‘disruptions’ that mark their condition at three interrelated levels. These are the experience of ‘time suspension’ associated with maintaining transnational family connections, the uncertain temporalities characterizing the work of humanitarian agencies, and the ‘everyday emergencies’ that mark daily life in a Cairo neighbourhood. Through the heuristic lens of materiality and assemblage geographies, through the analysis I hope to offer a more nuanced account of the tension between ‘fluidity’ and groundedness in refugees’ transnational practices, as well as an appraisal of the role temporalities and materialities play in emerging forms of ‘irregular citizenship’ in the Global South.