bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACTITUDES HACIA LA ESTADÍSTICA EN UNIVERSITARIOS PERUANOS DE MEDIANA EDAD
Authors: Tarazona Vargas Enver , Bazán Jorge Luis , Aparicio Ana Sofia 
Published: March 2016

Se analiza las Actitudes hacia la Estadística en estudiantes universitarios que llevan un primer curso de Estadística en el marco del programa Estudiante Adulto, Trabajador de una universidad privada de Lima en Perú. Son consideradas dos escalas: Actitudes hacia la Estadística de Estrada (2002) (AEE) y Actitudes hacia la Estadística de Cazorla; Silva; Vendramini & Brito (1999) (AEC). La muestra corresponde a 137 estudiantes de cuatro especialidades de Ingeniería, con edades entre 32 y 42 años, siendo un 84 % del sexo masculino y un 52 % que ya habían llevado antes un curso de Estadística. El análisis de ítems fue realizado considerando la Teoría Clásica de los Test (TCT) y la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (TRI), bajo inferencia bayesiana del Modelo de Respuesta Graduada de Samejima (Tarazona, 2013).Los resultados muestran que AEC tiene una confiabilidad de 0,93; en contraste, AEE tiene 0,88 para una versión recortada eliminando dos ítems. Ambas presentan una fuerte correlación, siendo por tanto intercambiables. No obstante, AEE es la única que muestra diferencias por especialidad, sobre todo entre los estudiantes de Ingeniería Industrial (actitudes más positivas) y los estudiantes de Ingeniería de Telecomunicaciones y Redes (actitudes menos positivas). Finalmente, otros factores como sexo del estudiante, permanencia a diferentes grupos etarios y experiencia en un curso previo de Estadística no resultaron significativos para explicar las Actitudes hacia la Estadística en ninguna escala.
Efecto antimicrobiano de soluciones irrigadoras utilizadas en endodoncia
Authors: Pappen Fernanda , Bolzani Luciana , Sonia Rodríguez Sosa Sonia , Amaral María Regina , Tanumaru Filho Mario 
Published: March 2016

En el presente estudio fue evaluado in vitrio el efecto antimicrobiano del hipoclorito de sodio al 1% y del gluconato de clorhexidina al 2% como soluciones irrigadoras utilizadas durante la terapia de endodóntica. El análisis microbiológico fue realizado utilizando conos de papel absorbente esterilizados, los cuales fueron introducidos en los conductos, transferidos para caldo BHI y analizados macroscópicamente con relación al crecimiento bacteriano. Los resultados mostraron que ambas soluciones impidieron el crecimiento bacteriano. Se concluye que las soluciones de hipoclorito de sodio al 1% y de clorhexidina al 0.2% poseen acción antimicrobiana satisfactoria durante la preparación in vitrio del sistema de consuctos radiculares infectados con las cepas estudiadas.
Estudio comparativo de la exactitud dimensional de tres materiales de impresión elastoméricos utilizados con y sin aplicación de adhesivos en prótesis fija
Authors: Galarreta Pinto Pamela Haydeé , Kobayashi Shinya Arturo 
Published: March 2016

El propósito de este estudio fue comparar la exactitud dimensional de tres materiales de impresión con y sin aplicación de adhesivo. Los materiales utilizados fueron: silicona de condensación Oranwash L, Zetaplus (Zhermack®), silicona de adición Elite H-D (Zhermack®) y poliéterImpregum™ Soft (3M ESPE). Se confeccionó un modelo maestro de acero inoxidable, el cual simulaba una hemi- arcada con preparaciones para prótesis fija. Por cada material se realizaron 20 impresiones, a 10 se les aplicó adhesivo a la cubeta. Se tomaron siete medidas a los modelos de yeso obtenidos de éstas impresiones mediante una máquina de medición por coordenadas Beyond 700 /900 Mitutoyo Corporation®, para ser comparadas con las medidas del modelo maestro. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con y sin aplicación de adhesivo para la silicona de condensación en la medida de la distancia bucolingual del pilar 1 (M7) y para la silicona de adición en la medida entre pilares (M6), mientras que para el poliéter no se encontraron diferencias significativas. Para todos los materiales de impresión se encontraron diferencias significativas con y sin aplicación de adhesivo y el modelo maestro, sin embargo con aplicación de adhesivo se encontró resultados más exactos. Con la silicona de adición se obtuvieron modelos más exactos tanto con como sin aplicación de adhesivo.
Protocolo de carga inmediata sobre implantes en mandíbula edéntula
Authors: Almeida Castilho Anderson , Bamabace Andréa Moreira Jacobucci , Anzaloni Guilherme de Siqueira Ferreira , Ccahuana Vásquez Vanessa Zulema , Kimpara Estevão Tomomitsu 
Published: March 2016

El protocolo de carga convencional iniciada por Brånermark en dos fases quirúrgicas ha sido evaluado durante los últimos 30 años bajo todas las condiciones clínicas posibles. Este tratamiento ha resuelto problemas relacionados a la retención y estabilidad de prótesis totales removibles convencionales, que perjudican función, la estética, la salud psicológica y las relaciones sociales de sus usuarios. Sin embargo, estas rehabilitaciones normalmente involucran tratamientos largos, con dos intervenciones quirúrgicas y varios ajustes de la prótesis provisional,siendo repetitivo para el profesional y el paciente. En comparación, la carga inmediata es un protocolo relativamente nuevo que necesita de una estricta evaluación clínica. El protocolo de carga inmediata sobre implantes es una de las opciones preferidas por los pacientes, puesconsiste en la colocación de los implantes e inmediata instalación de la prótesis total fija, siendo mas rápida y menos traumática. Sin embargo, el éxito de la carga inmediata depende de algunos pre-requisitos importantes las condiciones del paciente, así como la destreza y el conocimiento técnico del implantologo y el rehabilitador oral. Este trabajo describe el éxito de un caso clínico de protocolo con carga inmediata sobre implantes, en que sea relatado los procedimientos clínicos y de laboratorio con un seguimiento durante 12 meses. Debido a sus ventajas, creemosque esta puede ser una técnica utilizada y previsible cuando bien indicada y ejecutada.
Evolution Dilemma of the United Nations
Authors: Yenigun Cuneyt M 
Published: March 2016

The United Nations (UN), despite some successful stories, has largely failed to safeguard international peace and security, particularly in the Middle East since its establishment. The UN’s inability to effectively resolve international conflicts is due to the Security Council (UNSC)’s decision making-process. The power to block any initiatives that do not fit the interest of any of the five permanent members (P5: US, UK, France, Russia, China) have impeded the UN’s ability to take effectively take actions where it is needed in safeguarding security in the Middle East. The nature of the veto power no longer reflects the reality of the 21st century; the UN is frozen in the context of the post-Second World War era and has failed to evolve with the international community. Double standards in the International Court of Justice's decrees and infirmity of purpose of the UNSC overshadow the legitimacy of the organization, jeopardizing its security mission, and clashes with the democratic values in world public opinion. The UN should change to earn legitimacy and efficiency of preserving international peace and security by amending decision making system in the UNSC or changing decision-making organ within the UN. The Secretary General’s diplomatic activism and attempts to fill the gap left by the P5 infightings could not succeed because of the resistance of the UNSC’s permanent members to change and lack of integrity among the other states. To ensure democratic transformation of the UN today, all states, NGOs and think tanks should work together. This study discusses the system's current shortcomings and suggests some alternative paths for the effective transformation of the UN as a supranational security institution.
Blood Glucose Levels Following Intra-Articular Steroid Injections in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Choudhry M.N. , Malik R.A. , Charalambous Charalambos Panayiotou 
Published: March 2016

Background:
Parenterally administered steroids have been shown to affect the metabolism of glucose and to cause abnormal blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. These abnormal blood glucose levels in diabetic patients raise concerns that intra-articular steroid injections also may affect blood glucose levels. We performed a systematic review of studies examining the effect of intra-articular steroid injections on blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods:
A literature search of the PubMed, EMBASE, AMED, and CINAHL databases using all relevant keywords and phrases revealed 532 manuscripts. After the application of inclusion criteria, seven studies with a total of seventy-two patients were analyzed.

Results:
All studies showed a rise in blood glucose levels following intra-articular steroid injection. Four of the seven studies showed a substantial increase in blood glucose. Peak values reached as high as 500 mg/dL. The peak increase in blood glucose did not occur immediately following intra-articular steroid injection, and in some cases it took several days to occur. In many patients, post-injection hyperglycemia occurred within twenty-four to seventy-two hours.

Conclusion:
Intra-articular steroid injections may cause hyperglycemia in patients with diabetes mellitus, and patients should be warned of this complication. Diabetic patients should be advised to regularly monitor their blood glucose levels for up to a week after injection and should seek medical advice if safe thresholds are breached.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Drained/Undrained-Zones Boundary in Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Process
Authors: Irani Mazda , Gates Ian 
Published: March 2016

Summary
Li et al. (2004) described three zones at the edge of steam chambers on the basis of drainage conditions: drained, partially drained, and undrained. In the drained zone, the pore pressure is controlled by injection pressure, and fluid mobility within this region is sufficient to drain additional pore pressures because of shear dilation and pore-fluid thermal expansion. The undrained zone lies beyond the partially drained zone and extends to virgin reservoir far beyond the chamber. In this zone shearing behaves under undrained conditions; by this, Li et al. (2004) mean no volume change occurs but shear lead to changes in pore pressure. Li et al. (2004) proposed that the boundaries of these zones are dependent on bitumen viscosity, which relates to the temperature distribution beyond the steam interface. Because drained/undrained conditions affect the geomechanics at the edge of the chamber, we investigate whether the assumption of Li et al. (2004) that there is no volume change within the sheared zone is correct and is supported by field data. Here, we establish the physics associated with the undrained zone at the edge of steam-assisted gravity-drainage steam chamber and explore the pressure front vs. temperature front of different oil-sand field projects. The results reveal that the drained zone governed by pressure-front advancement is greater in extent than the sheared zone. The thermodynamics of the undrained zone are discussed to derive a new theory for mechanothermal phenomena at the edge of the chamber. The results from the theory show that the drained zone extends beyond the temperature front and thus, from a geomechanical point of view, the system solely consists of the drained and partially drained zones.
New Propped-Fracture-Conductivity Models for Tight Gas Sands
Authors: Awoleke Obadare O. , Zhu D.. , Hill A. D. 
Published: March 2016

Summary
In this work, we developed two models of fracture conductivity in the presence of proppant-pack damage. The models are derived from the analysis of experiments relating dynamic fracture conductivity to flowback rate, reservoir temperature, polymer loading, presence of breaker, closure stress, and proppant concentration.
The first model is purely empirical, and it is modeled after fracture-conductivity studies conducted in previous work. The experimental design and planning table were derived from fractional-factorial designs. This meant that we could uniquely quantify the effect of all the dependent variables and also ensure that the factors are not correlated. We tested the empirical model for adequacy—that is, ensuring the model residuals are normally distributed with no obvious trend and approximately constant variance. Because empirical models are generally constrained by the data on which they are built, we developed a semiempirical model dependent on dimensional analysis and nonlinear regression. Dimensionless products from the dimensional analysis procedure form the backbone of this semiempirical model.
We used subset-regression analysis to determine the optimal regression model and found that model was adequate. We also found two dimensionless groups and used them to develop the semiempirical model. We thereafter corrected the semiempirical model for the effect of temperature. Both the purely empirical model and the semiempirical model match experimental data with reasonable accuracy.
These models can be used as a first approximation for the short-term fracture conductivity of field hydraulic fractures. We also present methodology by which engineers can develop empirical models, assess uncertainty, and test for regression-model adequacy given noisy data.
Understanding User Reactions and Interactions With an Internet-Based Intervention for Tinnitus Self-Management: Mixed-Methods Process Evaluation Protocol
Authors: Greenwell Kate , Sereda Magdalena , Coulson Neil , Hoare Derek J 
Published: March 2016

Background
Tinnitus is a common medical symptom that can affect an individual’s emotional and functional quality of life. Psychological therapies are acknowledged as beneficial to people with tinnitus; however, such therapies are not always readily accessible. With their global reach, automated Internet-based interventions have the potential to reduce the disparity in access to psychological support that people with tinnitus currently experience. However, the evidence on the acceptability and efficacy of these interventions is lacking. Process evaluations that develop an in-depth understanding of how users experience these interventions provide an essential first step when evaluating complex psychological interventions.

Objective
To describe the protocol for a study that will explore past, current, and new users’ reactions to and interactions with the Tinnitus E-Programme, an Internet-based intervention for the self-management of tinnitus.

Methods
Two parallel mixed-methods studies will be carried out with 2 different populations. Study 1 will use an online survey to gather past and current users’ views of the program. Study 2 will recruit new program users to take part in an interview and complete a relaxation log to explore how well they were able to implement the skills they learned during the program in their everyday lives. The findings from both studies will be triangulated to develop an in-depth understanding of the program’s mechanisms of impact and identify any implementation or contextual factors that strengthen or impede its delivery and functioning.

Results
Study 1 is open for recruitment with a projected completion in June 2016 and Study 2 was completed November 2015. At the time of submission, 36 participants have been recruited to Study 1 and 12 participants have taken part in Study 2.

Conclusions
Findings will inform the optimization of the Tinnitus E-Programme and guide future evaluation work to assess the program’s effectiveness as a therapy for people with tinnitus.
MICROWAVE IMAGING OF A HOT FLUX ROPE STRUCTURE DURING THE PRE-IMPULSIVE STAGE OF AN ERUPTIVE M7.7 SOLAR FLARE
Authors: Wu Zhao , Chen Yao , Huang Guangli , Nakajima Hiroshi , Song Hongqiang , Melnikov Victor , Liu Wei , Li Gang , Chandrashekhar Kalugodu , Jiao Fangran 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Corona structures and processes during the pre-impulsive stage of solar eruption are crucial to understanding the physics leading to the subsequent explosive energy release. Here we present the first microwave imaging study of a hot flux rope structure during the pre-impulsive stage of an eruptive M7.7 solar flare, with the Nobeyama Radioheliograph at 17 GHz. The flux rope is also observed by the SDO/AIA in its hot passbands of 94 and 131 Å. In the microwave data, it is revealed as an overall arcade-like structure consisting of several intensity enhancements bridged by generally weak emissions, with brightness temperatures (T
B) varying from ∼10,000 K to ∼20,000 K. Locations of microwave intensity enhancements along the structure remain relatively fixed at certain specific parts of the flux rope, indicating that the distribution of emitting electrons is affected by the large-scale magnetic configuration of the twisted flux rope. Wavelet analysis shows a pronounced 2 minute period of the microwave T
B variation during the pre-impulsive stage of interest. The period agrees well with that reported for AIA sunward-contracting loops and upward ejective plasmoids (suggested to be reconnection outflows). This suggests that both periodicities are controlled by the same reconnection process that takes place intermittently at a 2 minute timescale. We infer that at least a part of the emission is excited by non-thermal energetic electrons via the gyro-synchrotron mechanism. The study demonstrates the potential of microwave imaging in exploring the flux rope magnetic geometry and relevant reconnection process during the onset of solar eruption.
JUMPING JUPITER CAN EXPLAIN MERCURY’S ORBIT
Authors: Roig Fernando , Nesvorný David , DeSouza Sandro Ricardo 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The orbit of Mercury has large values of eccentricity and inclination that cannot be easily explained if this planet formed on a circular and coplanar orbit. Here, we study the evolution of Mercury’s orbit during the instability related to the migration of the giant planets in the framework of the jumping-Jupiter model. We found that some instability models are able to produce the correct values of Mercury’s eccentricity and inclination, provided that relativistic effects are included in the precession of Mercury’s perihelion. The orbital excitation is driven by the fast change of the normal oscillation modes of the system corresponding to the perihelion precession of Jupiter (for the eccentricity) and the nodal regression of Uranus (for the inclination).
LIMITS ON EINSTEIN’S EQUIVALENCE PRINCIPLE FROM THE FIRST LOCALIZED FAST RADIO BURST FRB 150418
Authors: Tingay S. J. , Kaplan D. L. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) have recently been used to place limits on Einstein's Equivalence Principle via observations of time delays between photons of different radio frequencies by Wei et al. These limits on differential post-Newtonian parameters (

) are the best yet achieved, but they still rely on uncertain assumptions, namely the relative contributions of dispersion and gravitational delays to the observed time delays and the distances to FRBs. Also, very recently, the first FRB host galaxy has likely been identified, providing the first redshift-based distance estimate to FRB 150418. Moreover, consistency between the

estimate from FRB 150418 and

, expected from ΛCDM models and WMAP observations, leads one to conclude that the observed time delay for FRB 150418 is highly dominated by dispersion, with any gravitational delays being small contributors. This points to even tighter limits on Δγ. In this paper, the technique of Wei et al. is applied to FRB 150418 to produce a limit of Δγ < 1–2 × 10−9, approximately an order of magnitude better than previous limits and in line with expectations by Wei et al. for what could be achieved if the dispersive delay is separated from other effects. Future substantial improvements in such limits will depend on accurately determining the contribution of individual ionized components to the total observed time delays for FRBs.
Structuration régionale et déterminants ethnoreligieux de la violence politique au Nigeria depuis la fin de la dictature militaire
Authors: Cohen Corentin , Lefebvre Hugo 
Published: March 2016

Cet article explore les déterminants de la violence politique au Nigeria à l’appui de données recensant les conflits qui ont impliqué des partis politiques et entraîné des morts entre 2006 et 2014. Il défend l’idée que, depuis la fin de la dictature militaire en 1999, la politique nigériane sous la IV e République reste structurée par les ancrages locaux et régionaux des partis. Partant de la littérature existante qui se focalise sur les confrontations au moment des élections générales, nous montrons d’abord que ces élections ne représentent que la moitié des décès sur la période et que les violences politiques représentent en réalité un phénomène large avec des spécificités et enjeux locaux en dehors des logiques électorales. Dans un second temps, nous montrons que les ancrages régionaux des partis structurent toujours la vie politique nigériane. C’est le cas en ce qui concerne les violences entre partis, qui sont souvent limitées à quelques États où ces partis sont forts et étaient en mesure de contester le monopole du People’s Democratic Party (PDP). Les violences intra-partis, peu analysées, confirment aussi le poids des enjeux locaux et la forte implication du PDP. Enfin, les violences entre partis se concentrent dans les États de la Middle Belt en proie à des conflits religieux ou ethniques. Nous analysons l’importance de ces deux facteurs dans les violences de masse et montrons qu’elles sont provoquées par leur imbrication avec la compétition politique.
Islam et territoires au Nigeria
Authors: Apard Élodie 
Published: March 2016

Le présupposé selon lequel le Nigeria serait divisé en deux espaces distincts, Nord musulman et Sud chrétien, est une idée à déconstruire ; l’existence de territoires religieux homogènes et séparés les uns des autres ne se vérifie pas sur le terrain. Tandis qu’au nord les communautés chrétiennes sont non seulement nombreuses mais géographiquement disséminées, le Sud est loin d’être un bloc monolithique où seul est représenté l’éventail des différents mouvements chrétiens. Le processus d’islamisation a été long et irrégulier ; il s’est déroulé par phases successives, en commençant par toucher les élites urbaines et la religion musulmane n’a atteint l’ensemble des classes sociales qu’au XIX e siècle, à la faveur de l’établissement du califat de Sokoto par Ousmane dan Fodio. Toutefois, si la puissance du califat a permis la construction d’un territoire islamique géographiquement distinct, le modèle hégémonique qu’il incarnait est aujourd’hui largement fantasmé.
Activité commerciale et violence au Nigeria : des interactions complexes
Authors: Paris Marjolaine 
Published: March 2016

Cet article explore les influences réciproques entre les activités commerciales internationales au Nigeria et les formes de violence dans le pays. Ces dernières sont basées sur différents clivages évolutifs, notamment socioéconomiques, identitaires et religieux, modelés en partie par certaines caractéristiques des relations commerciales internationales. La diversification des secteurs économiques impliqués dans le PIB et dans la balance du commerce extérieur est susceptible de réduire certaines inégalités entre territoires et individus, mais aussi de radicaliser davantage la frontière déjà existante entre « inclus » et exclus. La montée en puissance des acteurs des pays émergents au sein des partenaires économiques vient alimenter la formation d’un groupe social internationalisé se distinguant du reste de la population, clivage lisible notamment dans l’espace urbain. La diversification nationale et socioéconomique des membres de ce groupe fonde également des divisions internes en émergence, qui viennent complexifier les formes de violence.