bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetable Oils Acting as Encapsulated Bioactives and Costabilizers in Miniemulsion Polymerization Reactions
Authors: Bigon Joice P. , Montoro Fabiano E. , Lona Liliane M. F. 
Published: September 2017

Vegetable oils with different chemical structures are successfully encapsulated and applied as costabilizers in miniemulsion polymerization reactions. The results are compared to hexadecane, a well‐known costabilizer used for this type of polymerization. The great advantage of using vegetable oils is that besides acting as costabilizers, they are also encapsulated, increasing the application of the nanoparticles. Results show that kinetics tend to be slower with argan oil, due to the higher concentration of double bonds present in the oil. When coconut oil and jojoba oil are used, the kinetic rate kept nearly the same. The different types of costabilizers do not affect the average size of the particle, and are able to keep the miniemulsion stable throughout the reaction. DSC analysis shows a decrease in the glass transition temperature when the vegetable oils are used. However, after a long period of storage, the Tg of the polymers increases. STEM images show the formation of nanoparticles for hexadecane and the vegetable oils. However, the nanocapsule morphology appeares only when coconut oil, jojoba oil, and hexadecane are used, while for argan oil no phase separation can be detected in the polymer particle.Practical Applications: Miniemulsion polymerization reactions allow the production of polymeric nanoparticles in only one step with high encapsulation efficiency. To obtain a stable miniemulsion, it is necessary the addition of a costabilizer. The vegetable oils are chosen because besides acting as costabilizers the vegetable oils can increase the application of the nanoparticles since they have important characteristics and functionalities.Miniemulsion polymerization reactions allow the production of polymeric nanoparticles in only one step with high encapsulation efficiency. To obtain a stable miniemulsion, the addition of a costabilizer is necessary. The vegetable oils are chosen because besides acting as costabilizers, the vegetable oils can increase the application of the nanoparticles since they have important characteristics and functionalities. Furthermore, the vegetable oils are biodegradable. In this work, we propose two oils that are not composed of unsaturated fatty acids, unlike many vegetable oils commonly used in the literature.
Quantitative assessment of airway dimensions in young children with cystic fibrosis lung disease using chest computed tomography
Authors: Kuo Wieying , Soffers Thomas , Andrinopoulou Eleni‐Rosalina , Rosenow Tim , Ranganathan Sarath , Turkovic Lidija , Stick Stephen M. , Tiddens Harm A.W.M. ,   on behalf of AREST CF
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate lung disease progression using airway and artery (AA) dimensions on chest CT over 2‐year interval in young CF patients longitudinally and compare to disease controls cross‐sectionally.MethodsRetrospective analysis of pressure controlled end‐inspiratory CTs, 12 routine baseline (CT1) and follow up (CT2) from AREST CF cohort; 12 disease controls with normal CT. All visible AA‐pairs were measured perpendicular to the airway axis. Inner and outer airway diameters and wall (outer‐inner radius) thickness were divided by adjacent arteries to compute AinA‐, AoutA‐, and AWTA‐ratios, respectively. Differences between CF and control data were assessed using mixed effects models predicting AA‐ratios per segmental generation (SG). Power calculations were performed with 80% power and ɑ = 0.05.ResultsCF, median age CT1 2 years; CT2 3.9 years, 5 males. Controls, median age 2.9 years, 10 males. Total of 4798 AA‐pairs measured. Cross‐sectionally: AinA‐ratio showed no difference between controls and CF CT1 or CT2. AoutA‐ratio was significantly higher in CF CT1 (SG 2‐4) and CT2 (SG 2‐5) compared to controls. AWTA‐ratio was increased for CF CT1 (SG 1‐5) and CT2 (SG 2‐6) compared to controls. CF longitudinally: AinA‐ratio was significantly higher at CT2 compared to CT1. Increase in AoutA‐ratio at CT2 compared to CT1 was visible in SG ≥4. Sample sizes of 21 and 58 would be necessary for 50% and 30% AoutA‐ratio reductions, respectively, between CF CT2 and controls.ConclusionAA‐ratio differences were present in young CF patients relative to disease controls. AoutA‐ratio as an objective parameter for bronchiectasis could reduce sample sizes for clinical trials.
BLAME AND WRONGDOING
Authors: Brown Jessica 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe idea that one can blamelessly violate a norm is central to ethics and epistemology. The paper examines the prospects for an account of blameless norm violation applicable both to norms governing action and norms governing belief. In doing so, I remain neutral on just what are the norms governing action and belief. I examine three leading suggestions for understanding blameless violation of a norm which is not overridden by another norm: (1) doxastic accounts; (2) epistemic accounts; and (3) appeal to expected value. We see that all of these accounts face problems when understood as accounts of blameless norm violation applicable to both belief and action. This leaves a variety of options including (1) seeking an alternative account of blameless norm violation common to belief and action; (2) concluding that we cannot determine the correct account of blameless norm violation independently of what are the norms of belief; and (3) abandoning the project of finding a common account of blameless norm violation common to ethics and epistemology.
Under-reporting giardiasis: time to consider the public health implications
Authors: CURRIE S. L. , STEPHENSON N. , PALMER A. S. , JONES B. L. , ALEXANDER C. L. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYGiardiasis is a treatable disease, caused by the flagellated protozoan parasite, Giardia duodenalis (G. duodenalis). It is one of the most common enteric parasites found globally to cause gastrointestinal disturbances, and infections may result in long-term irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms. It is a common misconception that giardiasis is associated with foreign travel, which results in locally acquired cases in the UK being underdiagnosed. This report highlights the findings from one large Scottish Health Board, arising from a change in testing methodology, which resulted in the screening of all stools submitted for enteric investigations for G. duodenalis. Previous selection criteria were restricted to patients with a travel history to specific regions of the world, or on the basis of certain clinical details. In this report, clinical details were recorded from samples shown to be positive using two methods: an ELISA-based antigen detection assay and microscopy. Clinical details were assessed for a total of 28 laboratory-confirmed positive cases against the original selection criteria. Twenty-six cases (93%) would have been excluded from Giardia testing if the previous selection criteria had been applied. Although nine cases stated foreign travel, only two had been to regions deemed to be ‘high risk’. Therefore, those seven cases that travelled to perceived ‘low-risk’ regions would have been excluded from testing for this reason. This summary highlights the need for significant improvements to the selection criteria for Giardia testing. Laboratories should be encouraged towards the testing of all routinely submitted stools for this neglected pathogen to ensure cases that are acquired locally are properly identified and treated effectively.
Adherence to dietary recommendations for Swedish adults across categories of greenhouse gas emissions from food
Authors: Sjörs Camilla , Hedenus Fredrik , Sjölander Arvid , Tillander Annika , Bälter Katarina 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo explore associations between diet-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE), nutrient intakes and adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations among Swedish adults.DesignDiet was assessed by 4d food records in the Swedish National Dietary Survey. GHGE was estimated by linking all foods to carbon dioxide equivalents, using data from life cycle assessment studies. Participants were categorized into quartiles of energy-adjusted GHGE and differences between GHGE groups regarding nutrient intakes and adherence to nutrient recommendations were explored.SettingSweden.SubjectsWomen (n840) and men (n627) aged 18–80 years.ResultsDifferences in nutrient intakes and adherence to nutrient recommendations between GHGE groups were generally small. The dietary intake of participants with the lowest emissions was more in line with recommendations regarding protein, carbohydrates, dietary fibre and vitamin D, but further from recommendations regarding added sugar, compared with the highest GHGE group. The overall adherence to recommendations was found to be better among participants with lower emissions compared with higher emissions. Among women, 27 % in the lowest GHGE group adhered to at least twenty-three recommendations compared with only 12 % in the highest emission group. For men, the corresponding figures were 17 and 10 %, respectively.ConclusionsThe study compared nutrient intakes as well as adherence to dietary recommendations for diets with different levels of GHGE from a national dietary survey. We found that participants with low-emission diets, despite higher intake of added sugar, adhered to a larger number of dietary recommendations than those with high emissions.
CDP138 silencing inhibits TGF-β/Smad signaling to impair radioresistance and metastasis via GDF15 in lung cancer
Authors: Lu Yanwei , Ma Jia , Li Yan , Huang Jing , Zhang Sheng , Yin Zhongyuan , Ren Jinghua , Huang Kai , Wu Gang , Yang Kunyu , Xu Shuangbing 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCDP138, a CDK5 binding partner, regulates cell proliferation and migration. However, the mechanisms by which CDP138 functions in these processes remain unclear. In this study, we show that CDP138 is frequently overexpressed and that high levels of CDP138 are correlated with lymph node metastasis in lung cancer. Furthermore, we provide evidence that CDP138-depleted lung cancer cells exhibit enhanced radiosensitivity as well as reduced migration and invasion. Mechanistically, we identify GDF15, a member of the TGF-β superfamily, as a key downstream effector of CDP138. CDP138 silencing attenuates TGF-β/Smad signaling activation at least in part through the downregulation of GDF15. More importantly, the observed phenotypes caused by CDP138 knockdown are partially dependent on GDF15 inhibition. Together, our findings demonstrate that CDP138 positively modulates the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway via GDF15 to promote radioresistance and metastasis, suggesting CDP138 as a potential oncogenic biomarker and a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of lung cancer.
Concepts for Prehospital and Initial In-hospital Therapy of Status Epilepticus
Authors: Strzelczyk Adam , Kay Lara , Kellinghaus Christoph , Knake Susanne , von Blomberg Anemone , Willems Laurent , Rosenow Felix 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStatus epilepticus is a major neurological emergency requiring immediate anticonvulsive treatment. Rapid and sufficient treatment is essential for optimizing outcome and reducing mortality. Here, we give an overview on concepts for acute prehospital and initial in-hospital treatment of status epilepticus. Options for initial therapy in settings without intensive care monitoring are presented in detail.
Eine schwierige Entscheidung
Authors: Komor Beate , Hoppe Andreas , Gouba Benjamin 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
NIV und Palliativmedizin – ein Widerspruch? Sollte bei einem Palliativpatienten mit Dyspnoe Nicht-invasive Ventilation zum Einsatz
kommen? Die Meinungen darüber sind geteilt. Wird das Sterben dadurch verlängert? Oder bedeutet es für den Patienten mehr Lebensqualität? –
Die Facharbeit der drei Autoren zu diesem Thema brachte ihnen beim Thieme intensiv-Pflegepreis 2015 den 2. Platz ein.
Hyper Suprime-Cam: System design and verification of image quality
Authors: Miyazaki Satoshi , Komiyama Yutaka , Kawanomoto Satoshi , Doi Yoshiyuki , Furusawa Hisanori , Hamana Takashi , Hayashi Yusuke , Ikeda Hiroyuki , Kamata Yukiko , Karoji Hiroshi , Koike Michitaro , Kurakami Tomio , Miyama Shoken , Morokuma Tomoki , Nakata Fumiaki , Namikawa Kazuhito , Nakaya Hidehiko , Nariai Kyoji , Obuchi Yoshiyuki , Oishi Yukie , Okada Norio , Okura Yuki , Tait Philip , Takata Tadafumi , Tanaka Yoko , Tanaka Masayuki , Terai Tsuyoshi , Tomono Daigo , Uraguchi Fumihiro , Usuda Tomonori , Utsumi Yousuke , Yamada Yoshihiko , Yamanoi Hitomi , Aihara Hiroaki , Fujimori Hiroki , Mineo Sogo , Miyatake Hironao , Oguri Masamune , Uchida Tomohisa , Tanaka Manobu M , Yasuda Naoki , Takada Masahiro , Murayama Hitoshi , Nishizawa Atsushi J , Sugiyama Naoshi , Chiba Masashi , Futamase Toshifumi , Wang Shiang-Yu , Chen Hsin-Yo , Ho Paul T P , Liaw Eric J Y , Chiu Chi-Fang , Ho Cheng-Lin , Lai Tsang-Chih , Lee Yao-Cheng , Jeng Dun-Zen , Iwamura Satoru , Armstrong Robert , Bickerton Steve , Bosch James , Gunn James E , Lupton Robert H , Loomis Craig , Price Paul , Smith Steward , Strauss Michael A , Turner Edwin L , Suzuki Hisanori , Miyazaki Yasuhito , Muramatsu Masaharu , Yamamoto Koei , Endo Makoto , Ezaki Yutaka , Ito Noboru , Kawaguchi Noboru , Sofuku Satoshi , Taniike Tomoaki , Akutsu Kotaro , Dojo Naoto , Kasumi Kazuyuki , Matsuda Toru , Imoto Kohei , Miwa Yoshinori , Suzuki Masayuki , Takeshi Kunio , Yokota Hideo 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) is an 870 megapixel prime focus optical imaging camera for the 8.2 m Subaru telescope. The wide-field corrector delivers sharp images of 0${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$2 (FWHM) in the HSC-i band over the entire 1${^{\circ}_{.}}$5 diameter field of view. The collimation of the camera with respect to the optical axis of the primary mirror is done with hexapod actuators, the mechanical accuracy of which is a few microns. Analysis of the remaining wavefront error in off-focus stellar images reveals that the collimation of the optical components meets design specifications. While there is a flexure of mechanical components, it also is within the design specification. As a result, the camera achieves its seeing-limited imaging on Maunakea during most of the time; the median seeing over several years of observing is 0${^{\prime\prime}_{.}}$67 (FWHM) in the i band. The sensors use p-channel, fully depleted CCDs of 200 μm thickness (2048 × 4176 15 μm square pixels) and we employ 116 of them to pave the 50 cm diameter focal plane. The minimum interval between exposures is 34 s, including the time to read out arrays, to transfer data to the control computer, and to save them to the hard drive. HSC on Subaru uniquely features a combination of a large aperture, a wide field of view, sharp images and a high sensitivity especially at longer wavelengths, which makes the HSC one of the most powerful observing facilities in the world.
Association Between Mode of Delivery and Risk of Infection in Early Childhood
Authors: Christensen Nikolas , Søndergaard Jens , Christesen Henrik Thybo , Fisker Niels , Husby Steffen 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Caesarean section as a potential risk factor for infection has recently gained interest. Delivery by caesarean section has increased greatly, with nonmedical reasons playing an increasing role. We aimed to analyze the association between mode of delivery and hospitalizations because of infection and symptoms of infection at home in early childhood.

Methods:
A cohort study, based on the Odense Child Cohort, following infants from gestation until a mean age of 3.5 years. Data on hospitalization because of infections were collected from the Danish National Patient Registry. Data on symptoms of infection at home were collected via a text message–based questionnaire.

Results:
A total of 1921 children were born by vaginal delivery, 283 by elective caesarean section and 227 by acute caesarean section. An adjusted regression model showed an incidence rate ratio for hospitalizations because of infection in children born by elective caesarean section compared with children born by vaginal delivery of 1.45 (95% confidence interval: 1.16–1.80; P = 0.001). The analyses on symptoms of infection at home found no associations between any symptom of infection and mode of delivery. Symptom-specific subanalyses showed contrasting results.

Conclusions:
Mode of delivery showed a strong association to hospitalization because of infectious disease during early childhood. Overall, no association was present between rate of symptoms of infection at home and mode of delivery.
Outcomes of Abdominal Surgery in Patients With Mechanical Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Leung Krystle M. , Kiely Maria X. , Kimbrell Ashlee , Asban Ammar , Kelley Rosemary , Bleday Ronald , Davids Jennifer S. , Melnitchouk Nelya 
Published: September 2017

Objective:
The aim of this study was to examine the outcomes of elective and emergent abdominal operations performed in end-stage heart failure patients supported with ventricular assist devices (VADs).

Summary of Background Data:
With the growing volume of end-stage heart failure patients receiving VADs, an increasing number of these patients require surgery for noncardiac pathology. There is a paucity of studies on the safety of abdominal operations in this population.

Methods:
We performed a retrospective chart review across 3 hospitals of patients with VADs who underwent abdominal surgeries between 2003 and 2015. We used Chi-square, Fisher exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests for comparison of elective and emergent cases.

Results:
Fifty-seven patients underwent 63 operations, of which 23 operations were elective, 24 were emergent, and 16 were emergently performed in the same admission as VAD placement and analyzed separately. Patients undergoing elective versus emergent procedures had similar comorbidities (Charlson score 2.9 vs 3.0). 43% versus 32% of patients had VADs as a destination therapy. Although perioperative anticoagulation approach was variable, holding warfarin and starting heparin/enoxaparin/bivalirudin bridge was most common (65% vs 54%). Although 2-fold higher in the emergent group (50 vs 100 mL, P = 0.06), median estimated blood loss was low. Postoperative bleeding requiring transfusion was not very common (13% vs 8%), whereas rate of ischemic cerebrovascular accident (4% each) and venous thromboembolism was low (0% vs 13%, P = 0.23). Thirty-day mortality rate was 4% versus 17%, P = 0.19.

Conclusion:
VAD patients have an acceptable risk profile for abdominal surgery.
Not all phonological awareness deficits are created equal: evidence from a comparison between children with Otitis Media and poor readers
Authors: Carroll Julia M. , Breadmore Helen L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractChildren with reading difficulties and children with a history of repeated ear infections (Otitis Media, OM) are both thought to have phonological impairments, but for quite different reasons. This paper examines the profile of phonological and morphological awareness in poor readers and children with OM. Thirty‐three poor readers were compared to individually matched chronological age and reading age controls. Their phonological awareness and morphological awareness skills were consistently at the level of reading age matched controls. Unexpectedly, a significant minority (25%) of the poor readers had some degree of undiagnosed mild or very mild hearing loss. Twenty‐nine children with a history of OM and their matched controls completed the same battery of tasks. They showed relatively small delays in their literacy and showed no impairment in morphological awareness but had phonological awareness scores below the level of reading age matched controls. Further analysis suggested that this weakness in phonological awareness was carried by a specific weakness in segmenting and blending phonemes, with relatively good performance on phoneme manipulation tasks. Results suggest that children with OM show a circumscribed deficit in phoneme segmentation and blending, while poor readers show a broader metalinguistic impairment which is more closely associated with reading difficulties.
Sensitivity to auditory‐tactile colocation in early infancy
Authors: Thomas Rhiannon L. , Misra Reeva , Akkunt Emine , Ho Cristy , Spence Charles , Bremner Andrew J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn ability to detect the common location of multisensory stimulation is essential for us to perceive a coherent environment, to represent the interface between the body and the external world, and to act on sensory information. Regarding the tactile environment “at hand”, we need to represent somatosensory stimuli impinging on the skin surface in the same spatial reference frame as distal stimuli, such as those transduced by vision and audition. Across two experiments we investigated whether 6‐ (n = 14; Experiment 1) and 4‐month‐old (n = 14; Experiment 2) infants were sensitive to the colocation of tactile and auditory signals delivered to the hands. We recorded infants’ visual preferences for spatially congruent and incongruent auditory‐tactile events delivered to their hands. At 6 months, infants looked longer toward incongruent stimuli, whilst at 4 months infants looked longer toward congruent stimuli. Thus, even from 4 months of age, infants are sensitive to the colocation of simultaneously presented auditory and tactile stimuli. We conclude that 4‐ and 6‐month‐old infants can represent auditory and tactile stimuli in a common spatial frame of reference. We explain the age‐wise shift in infants’ preferences from congruent to incongruent in terms of an increased preference for novel crossmodal spatial relations based on the accumulation of experience. A comparison of looking preferences across the congruent and incongruent conditions with a unisensory control condition indicates that the ability to perceive auditory‐tactile colocation is based on a crossmodal rather than a supramodal spatial code by 6 months of age at least.
To pay or not to pay: affective and cognitive response to a bribe situation
Authors: Gopinath C. , Choudhury Muntakim M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBribery is ubiquitous in most developing countries. The negative impact of corruption on macro variables such as economic growth and foreign investments has been widely studied. In this study, we take a micro perspective to examine the effects of bribery on the individual's emotions. We analysed two sets of post‐event self‐reports of individuals who bribed or did not bribe for government services in India to explore their cognitive and affective response. We identified the revealed basic emotions along with the justifications provided for their action when faced with a bribe situation. We find that affective response appears to dominate the reports of those who bribed, while cognitive response dominates those who did not bribe. Understanding individual emotional responses to corruption provides new avenues for researching the moral aspects of corruption and we derive implications for further research and practice.