bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Group 6 Transition‐Metal/Boron Frustrated Lewis Pair Templates Activate N2and Allow its Facile Borylation and Silylation
Authors: Simonneau Antoine , Turrel Raphaël , Vendier Laure , Etienne Michel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe reaction oftrans‐[M(N2)2(dppe)2] (M=Mo,1Mo, M=W,1W) with B(C6F5)3(2) provides the adducts [(dppe)2M=N=N‐B(C6F5)3] (3) which can be regarded as M/B transition‐metal frustrated Lewis pair (TMFLP) templates activating dinitrogen. Easy borylation and silylation of the activated dinitrogen ligands in complexes3with a hydroborane and hydrosilane occur by splitting of the B−H and Si−H bonds between the N2moiety and the perfluoroaryl borane. This reactivity of3is reminiscent of conventional frustrated Lewis pair chemistry and constitutes an unprecedented approach for the functionalization of dinitrogen.
Markovnikov‐Selective Palladium Catalyst for Carbonylation of Alkynes with Heteroarenes
Authors: Liu Jie , Li Haoquan , Dühren Ricarda , Liu Jiawang , Spannenberg Anke , Franke Robert , Jackstell Ralf , Beller Matthias 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA new class of palladium catalysts, based on heterocyclic diphosphines, was rationally designed and synthesized. Application of one of these catalysts allows novel Markovnikov‐selective carbonylation of non‐activated alkynes with heteroarenes to give the corresponding branched α,β‐unsaturated ketones in excellent yields (up to 97 %) and regioselectivities (b/l up to 99:1). In addition to heteroarenes, other common nucloephiles (alcohol, phenol, amine, and amide) furnish the desired carbonylation products smoothly in high yields.
The Effect of Additives on the Early Stages of Growth of Calcite Single Crystals
Authors: Kim Yi‐Yeoun , Freeman Colin L. , Gong Xiuqing , Levenstein Mark A. , Wang Yunwei , Kulak Alexander , Anduix‐Canto Clara , Lee Phillip A. , Li Shunbo , Chen Li , Christenson Hugo K. , Meldrum Fiona C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAs crystallization processes are often rapid, it can be difficult to monitor their growth mechanisms. In this study, we made use of the fact that crystallization proceeds more slowly in small volumes than in bulk solution to investigate the effects of the soluble additives Mg2+ and poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) on the early stages of growth of calcite crystals. Using a “Crystal Hotel” microfluidic device to provide well‐defined, nanoliter volumes, we observed that calcite crystals form via an amorphous precursor phase. Surprisingly, the first calcite crystals formed are perfect rhombohedra, and the soluble additives have no influence on the morphology until the crystals reach sizes of 0.1–0.5 μm for Mg2+ and 1–2 μm for PSS. The crystals then continue to grow to develop morphologies characteristic of these additives. These results can be rationalized by considering additive binding to kink sites, which is consistent with crystal growth by a classical mechanism.
Auf dem Weg vom Fenestrindan zu sattelförmigen Nanographenen mit einem tetrakoordinierten Kohlenstoff‐Atom
Authors: Wong Wai‐Shing , Ng Chun‐Fai , Kuck Dietmar , Chow Hak‐Fun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDie Synthese zweier polycyclischer aromatischer Verbindungen (8 a und 8 b) mit aufgrund eines all‐cis‐[5.5.5.5]Fenestran‐Kerns und eines o,p,o,p,o,p,o,p‐Cyclooctaphenylen‐Gürtels sattelförmiger Molekülstruktur sowie ihre Charakterisierung durch NMR‐Spektroskopie und Massenspektrometrie wird beschrieben. Der Schlüsselschritt der Synthese besteht in einer nichtklassischen Scholl‐Reaktion der entsprechenden elektronenreichen 1,4,9,12‐Tetraarylfenestrindan‐Derivate 7 a und 7 b unter Bildung von vier Cycloheptatrien‐Ringen. Die strukturellen Details des D2d‐symmetrischen Sattels 8 a wurden durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse ermittelt, und die UV‐vis‐ und emissionsspektroskopischen und cyclovoltammetrischen Eigenschaften von 8 a und 8 b wurden ebenfalls untersucht.
Baltic Sea genetic biodiversity: Current knowledge relating to conservation management
Authors: Wennerström Lovisa , Jansson Eeva , Laikre Linda 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

The Baltic Sea has a rare type of brackish water environment which harbours unique genetic lineages of many species. The area is highly influenced by anthropogenic activities and is affected by eutrophication, climate change, habitat modifications, fishing and stocking. Effective genetic management of species in the Baltic Sea is highly warranted in order to maximize their potential for survival, but shortcomings in this respect have been documented. Lack of knowledge is one reason managers give for why they do not regard genetic diversity in management.
Here, the current knowledge of population genetic patterns of species in the Baltic Sea is reviewed and summarized with special focus on how the information can be used in management. The extent to which marine protected areas (MPAs) protect genetic diversity is also investigated in a case study of four key species.
Sixty‐one species have been studied genetically in the Baltic Sea, but comprehensive genetic information exists for only seven of them. Genetic monitoring shows genetic stability in some species but fluctuations and genetic changes in others. About half of the scientific studies published during the last 6 years provide conservation advice, indicating a high interest in the scientific community for relating results to practical management.
Populations in MPAs do not differ genetically from populations outside MPAs, indicating that MPAs in the Baltic Sea do not protect genetic diversity specifically, but that populations in MPAs are a representative subset of populations in the Baltic Sea.
Recommendations are provided for cases where genetic information is available but not used in management, particularly for non‐commercial species with important ecosystem function.
Improved channels for effective communication between academia and practical management on Baltic Sea genetic biodiversity are needed. A web page that can be used for knowledge transfer is highlighted here.
Towards the identification of ecological management units: A multidisciplinary approach for the effective management of bottlenose dolphins in the southern Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Giménez Joan , Louis Marie , Barón Enrique , Ramírez Francisco , Verborgh Philippe , Gauffier Pauline , Esteban Ruth , Eljarrat Ethel , Barceló Damià , G. Forero Manuela , de Stephanis Renaud 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Determining discrete and demographically independent management units within wildlife populations is critical for their effective management and conservation. However, there is a lack of consensus on the most appropriate criteria to delimit such management units.
A multi‐disciplinary, multi‐scale approach that combines tools informing in the short‐term (i.e. photo‐identification), with mid‐term ecological tracers (stable isotopes –δ13C, δ15N and δ34S– and persistent organic pollutants –POPs–), and mid‐ to long‐term genetic markers (microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA), was used to define management units within bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) inhabiting the southern Iberian Peninsula.
Although genetically indistinguishable, individuals inhabiting the Strait of Gibraltar and the Gulf of Cadiz showed differences in their isotopic composition and the concentrations of certain POPs. Accordingly, the lack of photographic recaptures between the two sites pointed to the existence of at least two different ecological management units that segregate spatially and may require different conservation strategies.
Different time‐scale approaches can reveal different management units. The results highlighted the use of medium‐ and short‐term approaches for properly identifying ecologically different units for effective management and conservation.
Furthermore, these results have important management implications as European legislation promotes specific management plans for this species.
Effects of translocation on survival and growth of freshwater mussels within a West Gulf Coastal Plain river system
Authors: Tsakiris Eric T. , Randklev Charles R. , Blair Andrew , Fisher Mark , Conway Kevin W. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Human‐mediated threats have led to the rapid decline of species inhabiting freshwater ecosystems, and among the groups most affected are freshwater mussels of the family Unionidae. As a result, species translocation is increasingly used in conservation programmes, yet experimental evidence documenting the success of this strategy is limited.
The goal of this study was to examine the effects of translocation on survival probability, shell growth and body condition of a state‐threatened (Quadrula houstonensis) and common (Amblema plicata) species of freshwater mussel in the San Saba River, located in a West Gulf Coastal Plain river system, USA.
Survival probability estimated from a joint live and dead encounter model was high (> 0.85) and varied by treatment for both species. However, differences in survival probability between resident and transplant treatments were relatively small for A. plicata (0.01) and Q. houstonensis (0.12). Generalized additive mixed models of yearly proportional growth and linear mixed models of Fulton's K index for A. plicata varied by treatment and were lower in transplant treatments. Shell growth of Q. houstonensis was unaffected by translocation; whereas, Fulton's K was higher in the transplant treatment.
Methods used to translocate mussels were important factors leading to high survival and limited impacts to shell growth and body condition in this study. Differences in shell growth rate between treatments are attributed to possible differences in habitat quality between sites.
Our results demonstrate that A. plicata and Q. houstonensis are tolerant of translocation, despite the broad assumption that translocation is detrimental to mussels. Thus, there is a continuing need to study species' responses to translocation to test and improve the ecological soundness of this strategy, particularly because climate change and other human stressors will exacerbate the need to implement conservation measures such as translocation in future decades.
Hydroarylation of 2‐Aryloxybut‐1‐en‐3‐ynes via Pd/Acid‐Catalyzed C−H Bond Activation: A Concise Synthesis of 2,3‐Bismethylene‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans
Authors: Minami Yasunori , Sakai Megumi , Sakamaki Takumi , Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn intramolecular exo‐hydroarylation of 2‐aryloxy‐1,4‐disilylbut‐1‐en‐3‐ynes via ortho‐C−H bond activation under palladium(0) and acid catalysis was found to give 2,3‐bis(silylmethylidene)‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans. The two silyl groups present probably promoted the reaction and played a key role in stabilizing the diene moiety in the product. The products readily led to functionalized condensed cycles by a Diels–Alder reaction.
Truncal varicose vein diameter and patient-reported outcome measures
Authors: Lane T R A , Varatharajan L , Fiorentino F , Shepherd A C , Zimmo L , Gohel M S , Franklin I J , Davies A H 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Varicose veins and chronic venous disease are common, and some funding bodies ration treatment based on a minimum diameter of the incompetent truncal vein. This study assessed the effect of maximum vein diameter on clinical status and patient symptoms.

Methods
A prospective observational cohort study of patients presenting with symptomatic varicose veins to a tertiary referral public hospital vascular clinic between January 2011 and July 2012. Patients underwent standardized assessment with venous duplex ultrasonography, and completed questionnaires assessing quality of life (QoL) and symptoms (Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire, EuroQol Five Domain QoL assessment and EuroQol visual analogue scale). Clinical scores (Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS) and Clinical Etiologic Anatomic Pathophysiologic (CEAP) class) were also calculated. Regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between QoL, symptoms and vein diameter.

Results
Some 330 patients were assessed before surgery. The median maximum vein diameter was 7·0 (i.q.r. 5·3–9·2) mm overall, 7·9 (6·0–9·8) mm for great saphenous vein and 6·0 (5·2–8·9) mm for small saphenous vein. In linear regression analysis, vein diameter was shown to have a significant association with VCSS (P = 0·041). For every 1-mm increase in vein diameter, there was a 2·75-fold increase in risk of being in CEAP class C4 compared with C2. No other QoL or symptom measures were related to vein diameter.

Conclusion
Incompetent truncal vein diameter was associated with increasing VCSS, but not a variety of other varicose vein disease-specific and generic patient-reported outcome measures.
Effect of food intake on 92 neurological biomarkers in plasma
Authors: Dencker Magnus , Björgell Ola , Hlebowicz Joanna 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis study evaluates the effect of food intake on 92 neurological biomarkers in plasma. Moreover, it investigated if any of the biomarkers were correlated with body mass index.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐two healthy subjects (11 male and 11 female aged 25.9 ± 4.2 years) were investigated. A total of 92 biomarkers were measured before a standardized meal as well as 30 and 120 min afterward with the Proseek Multiplex Neurology I kit.ResultsThe levels for 13 biomarkers decreased significantly (p < .001) 30 min after food intake. The levels for four biomarkers remained significantly decreased (p < .001) 120 min after food intake. One biomarker increased significantly (p < .001) 30 min after food intake. The changes were between 1% and 12%, with an average difference of about 5%. Only one biomarker showed a difference over 10% due to food intake. The biggest difference was observed for Plexin‐B3 120 min after food intake (12%). Of all the 92 neurological biomarkers, only one was correlated with BMI, Kynureninase r = .46, p < .05.ConclusionsThis study shows that food intake has a very modest effect on 92 different neurological biomarkers. Timing of blood sampling in relation to food intake, therefore, appears not to be a major concern. Only Kynureninase was correlated with BMI. Further studies are warranted in older healthy subjects and in patients with various neurological diseases to determine whether the findings are reproducible in such populations.
Identification of sentinel lymph nodes by contrast‐enhanced ultrasonography with Sonazoid in patients with breast cancer: a feasibility study in three hospitals
Authors: Shimazu Kenzo , Ito Toshikazu , Uji Kumiko , Miyake Tomohiro , Aono Toyokazu , Motomura Kazuyoshi , Naoi Yasuto , Shimomura Atsushi , Shimoda Masafumi , Kagara Naofumi , Kim Seung Jin , Noguchi Shinzaburo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the feasibility of periareolar injection of the contrast agent Sonazoid (SNZ) followed by ultrasonography (US) for the identification of sentinel lymph node (SLN) in breast cancer patients with clinically negative node. Patients (n = 100) with T1‐2N0M0 breast cancer received a periareolar injection of SNZ followed by US to identify contrast‐enhanced SLN. Each contrast‐enhanced SLN underwent fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) followed by SLN biopsy with a conventional method using blue dye and/or radiocolloid (B/R). In almost all cases, contrast‐enhanced lymphatic vessels were clearly visualized by US soon after the periareolar injection of SNZ and the SLNs were easily identified with an identification rate of 98% (98/100) for SNZ and 100% (100/100) for B/R. The number of SLNs identified by SNZ (SNZ‐SLN) (mean per patient, 1.52) was significantly lower than that identified by B/R (B/R‐SLN) (2.19) (P < 0.0001). Twenty‐five patients with positive SLNs had at least one positive SNZ‐SLN. On a node‐by‐node basis, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FNAC for SNZ‐SLNs (n = 149) were 33.3%, 99.2%, and 85.9%, respectively. Identification of SLN by periareolar injection of SNZ is a technically simple method with an identification rate as high as 98%. SNZ‐SLN thus seems to be a good target for FNAC, but sensitivity of FNAC for SNZ‐SLNs needs to be improved.
Antecedents of trust in the sharing economy: A systematic review
Authors: ter Huurne Maarten , Ronteltap Amber , Corten Rense , Buskens Vincent 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUsers and potential users of the sharing economy need to place a considerable amount of trust in both the person and the platform with which they are dealing. The consequences of transaction partners’ opportunism may be severe, for example damage to goods or endangered personal safety. Trust is, therefore, a key factor in overcoming uncertainty and mitigating risk. However, there is no thorough overview of how trust is developed in this context. To understand how the trust of users in the sharing economy is influenced, we performed a systematic literature review. After screening, 45 articles were included in a qualitative synthesis in which the results were grouped according to a well‐established trust typology. The results show various antecedents of trust in the sharing economy (e.g. reputation, trust in the platform, and interaction experience) related to multiple entities (i.e. seller, buyer, platform, interpersonal, and transaction). Trust in this economy is often reduced to the use of reputation systems alone. However, our study suggests that trust is much more complex than that and extends beyond reputation. Furthermore, our review clearly shows that research on trust in the sharing economy is still scarce and thus more research is needed to understand how trust is established in this context. Our review is the first that brings together antecedents of trust in online peer‐to‐peer transactions and integrates these findings within an existing framework. Additionally, the study suggests directions for future research in order to advance the understanding of trust in the sharing economy.
The relationship between the basal coronary translesional pressure ratio and fractional flow reserve
Authors: Wilson William M. , Shah Anoop S. V. , Birse Duncan , Harley Emma , Northridge David B. , Uren Neal G. 
Published: August 2017

AimFractional flow reserve (FFR) allows for physiological definition of coronary lesion severity but requires induction of maximal coronary circulation hyperemia with administration of adenosine leading to coronary resistive vessel vasodilatation. However, the hyperemic response to adenosine, and therefore the calculation of FFR, may be affected by dysfunction of the coronary microvasculature. The aim was to define the relationship between basal Pd/Pa and FFR and identify lesion‐independent predictors of the change in Pd/Pa with hyperemia.Methods and ResultsOne hundred and sixty‐six consecutive patients undergoing FFR measurement were prospectively enrolled (mean age 62.6 ± 10.3 years, 27% females). Basal Pd/Pa, FFR, and delta Pd/Pa (difference between basal Pd/Pa and FFR) were recorded. Independent predictors of delta Pd/Pa included angiographic lesion severity, lesion length, gender, body mass index, and total cholesterol:HDL cholesterol ratio. The best basal Pd/Pa cutoff value to predict lesion physiological significance was 0.87 (positive predictive value of 100% for an FFR value ≤0.80) and the best cutoff for nonsignificance was 0.93 (negative predictive value of 98% for an FFR value >0.80).ConclusionThe delta Pd/Pa may be affected by patient gender, body mass index, and cholesterol profile. A basal Pd/Pa value of ≥0.93 is highly predictive of an FFR >0.80. Conversely, a basal Pd/Pa value of ≤0.87 is highly predictive of an FFR ≤0.80. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Doppler echocardiography underestimates the prevalence and magnitude of mid‐cavity obstruction in patients with symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Malcolmson James W. , Hamshere Stephen M. , Joshi Abhishek , O'Mahony Constantinos , Dhinoja Mehul , Petersen Steffen E. , Sekhri Neha , Mohiddin Saidi A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate utility of Doppler echocardiography in the assessment of left ventricular (LV) mid‐cavity obstructive (LVMCO) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).BackgroundLVMCO is a relatively under‐diagnosed complication of HCM and may occur alone or in combination with LV outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO). Identifying and quantifying LVMCO and differentiating it from LVOTO has important implications for patient management. We aimed to assess diagnostic performance of Doppler echocardiography in the assessment of suspected LV obstruction.MethodsForty symptomatic HCM patients with suspected obstruction underwent cardiac catheterization, and comparison of location and magnitude of Doppler derived gradients with synchronous invasive measurements (reference standard), at rest and isoprenaline stress (IS).ResultsDoppler's diagnostic accuracy for any obstruction (≥30 mmHg) in this cohort was 75% with false positive and false negative rates of 2.5 and 22.5%, respectively. During subanalysis, Doppler's diagnostic accuracy for isolated LVOTO in this selected cohort is 83% with false positive and false negative rates of 4 and 12.5%, respectively. For LVMCO, the accuracy is only 50%, with false positive and false negative rates of 10 and 40%, respectively.Doppler gradients for isolated LVOTO were similar to invasive: 85 ± 51 and 87 ± 35 mmHg, respectively (P = 0.77). Doppler gradients in LVMCO were consistently lower than invasive: 45 ± 38 and 81 ± 31 mmHg, respectively (P = 0.0002). Mid‐systolic flow cessation and/or contamination of spectral signals were identified as causes of Doppler‐derived inaccuracies.ConclusionsDoppler echocardiography under‐diagnoses and underestimates severity of LVMCO in symptomatic HCM patients. Recognition of abrupt mid‐systolic flow cessation and invasive measurements may improve detection of LVMCO in HCM.
Bivalirudin in percutaneous coronary intervention for chronic total occlusion: A single‐center pilot study
Authors: Li Chenguang , Xu Rende , Shen Yi , Dai Yuxiang , Zhang Feng , Ma Jianying , Ge Lei , Qian Juying , Ge Junbo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundBivalirudin has been reported to be an alternative to unfractionated heparin (UFH) for anticoagulation during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and associated with less bleeding risk. However, the feasibility of bivalirudin during PCI of chronic total occlusion lesions (CTO) remains unknown.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of bivalirudin versus UFH in CTO PCI. Methods: In this prospective and randomized controlled trial in single center, CTO patients with high bleeding risk were randomized to treatment with bivalirudin (bolus 0.75 mg/kg followed by infusion of 1.75, extra bolus 0.3 mg/kg before stenting) or UFH (100 IU/kg). The primary efficacy end point was the incidence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs, composite of all‐cause mortality, cardiac death, stent thrombosis, periprocedural myocardial infarction, or additional unplanned target lesion revascularization, or any other post‐PCI ischemic event) in‐hospital, and at 1‐year follow‐up. The primary safety end point was the occurrence of any bleeding or entry‐site complications after PCI.ResultsA total of 84 high bleeding risk patients undergoing PCI for CTO lesions were enrolled. The baseline characteristics were similar in both treatment arms. In hospital MACEs rates were 21.4% in the bivalirudin group and 14.3% in the UFH group (P = 0.393). During 1‐year's follow‐up, end points did not significantly differ between the groups either. Occurrence of the major bleeding events were 4.8% in the bivalirudin group and 9.5% in the UFH group (P = 0.676). No entry‐site complication was observed.ConclusionIn CTO patients at high risk for bleeding undergoing PCI, our data indicates that bivalirudin appears to be at least comparable in efficacy and safety to UFH. A larger clinical trial should be designed to further elucidate its efficacy and safety.