bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical characteristics of counterfeit Reciproc instruments: a call for attention
Authors: Rodrigues C. S. , Vieira V. T. L. , Antunes H. S. , De‐Deus G. , Elias C. N. , Moreira E. J. L. , Silva E. J. N. L. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo report the main differences seen by direct visual inspection between original and counterfeit Reciproc instruments, together with an evaluation of instrument bending resistance, cyclic fatigue, surface finish, Vickers microhardness and chemical composition.MethodologyThe visual aspects of original Reciproc R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany) and counterfeit Reciproc R25 instruments (claimed to be original, supposedly with dimensions similar to those of Reciproc R25 files, bought at www.mercadolivre.com.br) were evaluated under direct observation, stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The flexibility of original and counterfeit Reciproc R25 was determined via 45° bending tests according to the ISO 3630‐1 specification. Instruments were also subjected to cyclic fatigue resistance, measuring the time to fracture in an artificial stainless steel canal with a 60° angle and 5‐mm radius of curvature. The fracture surfaces of all fragments were examined under a scanning electron microscope. Roughness of the instruments was quantified using a profilometer, and the microhardness test was carried out using a Vickers hardness tester. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX) was also carried out. Results were analysed statistically using the Student's t‐test at a significance level of P < 0.05.ResultsAlthough the packaging of the original and counterfeit instruments was similar, a number of differences were observed such as ISO colour coding, measurement marks, stopper and morphologic characteristics. Original Reciproc instruments had significantly longer cyclic fatigue life and significantly lower bending resistance than counterfeit Reciproc instruments (P < 0.05), as well as significantly lower microhardness and roughness (P < 0.05). EDX results revealed differences in the chemical composition of the instruments (P < 0.05), indicating that the instruments were manufactured with different raw material.ConclusionOriginal Reciproc files outperformed counterfeit instruments in all tests. It is thus important that identification strategies for these counterfeit instruments be developed, thereby preventing their inadvertent use.
Central Perspectives and Debates in Strategic Change Research
Authors: Müller Johanna , Kunisch Sven 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper appraises and evaluates more than three decades of empirical research on strategic change. Strategic change research has traditionally built on either the deterministic view or the voluntaristic view – two opposing perspectives with fundamentally different assumptions about the influence of managers on the fortunes of organizations. In addition, a dialectical view on strategic change, which aims to bridge the two traditional views, has emerged. Despite the richness and value of research within these three perspectives, the continued accumulation of isolated and idiosyncratic insights adds little to the understanding of strategic change. In this paper, therefore, the authors assess, contrast and integrate research across the three perspectives in order to foster one cumulative body of knowledge about strategic change and to provide guidance for future research. Based on an analysis of 119 studies published in the leading academic journals in the fields of strategy and management, they consolidate existing knowledge and identify shortcomings in the cumulative body of research. On the basis of this assessment concerning prior research foci, study designs and assumptions, the authors propose four pathways for future research across the three perspectives that they believe can help foster full understanding of strategic change: (1) examinations of different types, processes and outcomes of strategic change; (2) expansion of the scope of actors considered in relation to strategic change; (3) exploration of the non‐linear nature of strategic change; and (4) investigations of strategic change conundrums.
Temperature influences the reproduction of fiddler crabs at the southern edge of their distribution
Authors: Colpo Karine D. , López‐Greco Laura S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the spatial patterns of reproductive biology might provide predictions about fitness and population stability in different locations within the geographical range of a particular species. Leptuca uruguayensis is a fiddler crab that breeds year round in tropical estuaries but only in summer months in temperate salt marshes. In this study, we examined several reproductive attributes of the southernmost population of L. uruguayensis, including the proportion of ovigerous females, the proportion of surface‐active crabs, the developmental status of the gonads and hepatopancreas, and the fullness of seminal receptacles, and related them to environmental factors such as temperature, photoperiod, and sediment organic matter content. We found that temperature was the environmental factor that was most correlated with the reproductive process of the southernmost fiddler crab, since this environmental factor was related to ovarian development, to the fullness of seminal receptacles, and to the hepatosomatic index. At the southern edge of its distribution, the low temperatures of winter restricted reproduction in L. uruguayensis. These winter temperatures might represent the lower limit of the thermal window of this fiddler crab, limiting its extension toward higher latitudes.
Sharp genetic discontinuity in the aridity‐sensitive Lindera obtusiloba (Lauraceae): solid evidence supporting the Tertiary floral subdivision in East Asia
Authors: Ye Jun‐Wei , Bai Wei‐Ning , Bao Lei , Wang Tian‐Ming , Wang Hong‐Fang , Ge Jian‐Ping 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimInvestigating phytogeographical divides can help provide a better understanding of the evolution of floras. Tertiary relict floras in East Asia have been subdivided into a northern region (NEA) and a southern region (SEA), separated by an arid belt, although this division remains little‐studied since it was proposed in 2002. To test its validity, we investigated the evolutionary history of a Tertiary relict species, Lindera obtusiloba.LocationEast Asia.MethodsChloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and nuclear microsatellites (nSSRs) were genotyped in 34 populations. Regional genetic diversities were compared, and genetic differentiation was calculated between and within regions. Bayesian phylogenetics and Bayesian clustering were employed for phylogeographic reconstruction. The time to the most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) and divergence time between the two regions were estimated. Historical rates of gene flow were calculated using the maximum‐likelihood method. The potential habitat at present, during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and during the Last Interglacial (LIG) were predicted by ecological niche modelling (ENM).ResultsBoth markers revealed sharp genetic discontinuities and limited migration between regions. The TMRCA and population divergence can probably both be dated to the Pliocene. Clear genetic structure was found within each region. The genetic diversity of both markers and the age of chlorotypes decreased with increasing longitude within SEA. Japan harboured the highest genetic diversity within NEA, with abundant private and ancestral chlorotypes. NEA had greater genetic diversity than SEA in nSSRs, whereas the opposite was true for cpDNA. ENM in LGM and LIG may support long‐term isolation in multiple locations in both regions.Main conclusionsOur study provides solid evidence for the proposed floral subdivision along the arid belt within East Asia. Populations in both regions remained stable over a long period and sustained multiple glacial refugia. Westernmost SEA and easternmost NEA sustained ancestral populations. Clear eastward expansion was detected within SEA.
Type and rate of atrial fibrillation termination due to rotational activity ablation combined with pulmonary vein isolation
Authors: Kis Zsuzsanna , Theuns Dominic A. , Bhagwandien Rohit , Wijchers Sip , Yap Sing‐Chien , Szili‐Torok Tamas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere remains controversy about the optimal ablation technique and termination rate of atrial fibrillation (AF) during catheter ablation in patients with persistent AF. The aim of this study was to determine the rate and timing of AF termination during combined pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) and focal impulse and rotor modulation (FIRM)‐guided ablation of rotational activity (RoAc).MethodsThis single‐center, prospective cohort study enrolled 38 consecutive patients (63% male, mean age 63 ± 11 years) with persistent AF (mean left atrial size: 46 ± 7 mm), who underwent FIRM mapping and ablation of the identified RoAcs followed by PVI. We systematically evaluated the incidence and timing of AF termination during AF ablation.Results“Late‐onset termination” of AF could be observed in 12 (32%) patients after ablation of the identified RoAcs. In a further 10 (26%) patients, “abrupt” AF termination during PVI was achieved. In total, the combined technique of conventional PVI and RoAc ablation resulted in AF termination rate of 58%. ECV was performed in 16 “nonterminating” patients. At 1‐year follow‐up, 76.1% (16 of 21) of patients remained free from AF/AT, 4 of 10 patients (25%) within the “abruptly” terminated group, 7 of 12 (58.3%) patients among the “late‐terminated” group, and 5 of 16 (31, 25%) patients in the “nonterminating” group.ConclusionLarge area RoAc ablation combined with PVI results in a moderate termination rate of persistent AF with two distinctive timing patterns. More studies are needed to determine the clinical significance of type of AF termination and long‐term success rate of RoAc ablation in patients with persistent AF.
Loss of SH3GL2 promotes the migration and invasion behaviours of glioblastoma cells through activating the STAT3/MMP2 signalling
Authors: Zhu Yufu , Zhang Xiang , Wang Lei , Ji Zhe , Xie Manyi , Zhou Xinyu , Liu Zhiyi , Shi Hengliang , Yu Rutong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSH3GL2 (Src homology 3 (SH3) domain GRB2‐like 2) is mainly expressed in the central nervous system and regarded as a tumour suppressor in human glioma. However, the molecular mechanism of the SH3GL2 protein involved in malignant behaviours of human glioma has not been elucidated. In this study, we tried to investigate the role of SH3GL2 in glioma cell migration and invasion and explore its underlined molecular mechanism. Firstly, we discovered that the protein level of SH3GL2 was widely decreased in the human glioma patients, especially in high‐grade glioma tissues. Then, we determined the role of SH3GL2 in migration and invasion of glioma cells upon SH3GL2 knocking down and overexpressing. It was showed that knocking down of SH3GL2 promoted the migration and invasion of glioma cells, whereas overexpression of SH3GL2 inhibited them. Further study on molecular mechanism disclosed that silencing of SH3GL2 obviously activated the STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) signalling thereby promoting the expression and secretion of MMP2. On the contrary, overexpression of SH3GL2 had opposite effect. Taken together, the above results suggest that SH3GL2 suppresses migration and invasion behaviours of glioma cells through negatively regulating STAT3/MMP2 signalling and that loss of SH3GL2 may intensify the STAT3/MMP2 signalling thereby contributing to the migration and invasion of glioma cells.
Endothelial cell‐derived matrix promotes the metabolic functional maturation of hepatocyte via integrin‐Src signalling
Authors: Guo Xinyue , Li Weihong , Ma Minghui , Lu Xin , Zhang Haiyan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment is involved in the regulation of hepatocyte phenotype and function. Recently, the cell‐derived extracellular matrix has been proposed to represent the bioactive and biocompatible materials of the native ECM. Here, we show that the endothelial cell‐derived matrix (EC matrix) promotes the metabolic maturation of human adipose stem cell‐derived hepatocyte‐like cells (hASC‐HLCs) through the activation of the transcription factor forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2) and the nuclear receptors hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) and pregnane X receptor (PXR). Reducing the fibronectin content in the EC matrix or silencing the expression of α5 integrin in the hASC‐HLCs inhibited the effect of the EC matrix on Src phosphorylation and hepatocyte maturation. The inhibition of Src phosphorylation using the inhibitor PP2 or silencing the expression of Src in hASC‐HLCs also attenuated the up‐regulation of the metabolic function of hASC‐HLCs in a nuclear receptor‐dependent manner. These data elucidate integrin‐Src signalling linking the extrinsic EC matrix signals and metabolic functional maturation of hepatocyte. This study provides a model for studying the interaction between hepatocytes and non‐parenchymal cell‐derived matrix.
Liberal Power Europe
Authors: Wagner Wolfgang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe European Union is best understood as a liberal power – as an actor that is composed of liberal democracies whose interests, identities and institutions motivate and constrain its policy. The conceptualization of the EU as a liberal power helps to overcome three shortcomings of alternative notions such as civilian power or Normative Power Europe: First, norms are not only understood as driving forces but also as constraints on foreign policy; second, liberal power Europe emphasizes the contested nature of norms and conflicts between norms and thus draws attention to the politics of EU external relations; third, it encourages an engagement with the vast literature on the distinctive policies of liberal democracies in international relations and foreign policy analysis. The EU's crisis management serves to illustrate the value‐added of the liberal power Europe concept.
Performing a preliminary hazard analysis applied to administration of injectable drugs to infants
Authors: Hfaiedh Nadia , Kabiche Sofiane , Delescluse Catherine , Balde Issa‐Bella , Merlin Sophie , Carret Sandra , de Pontual Loïc , Fontan Jean‐Eudes , Schlatter Joël 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRationale, Aims and ObjectivesErrors in hospitals during the preparation and administration of intravenous drugs to infants and children have been reported to a rate of 13% to 84%. This study aimed to investigate the potential for hazardous events that may lead to an accident for preparation and administration of drug injection in a pediatric department and to describe a reduction plan of risks.MethodsThe preliminary hazard analysis (PHA) method was implemented by a multidisciplinary working group over a period of 5 months (April‐August 2014) in infants aged from 28 days to 2 years. The group identified required hazard controls and follow‐up actions to reduce the error risk. To analyze the results, the STATCART APR software was used.ResultsDuring the analysis, 34 hazardous situations were identified, among 17 were quoted very critical and drawn 69 risk scenarios. After follow‐up actions, the scenarios with unacceptable risk declined from 17.4% to 0%, and these with acceptable under control from 46.4% to 43.5%.ConclusionThe PHA can be used as an aid in the prioritization of corrective actions and the implementation of control measures to reduce risk. The PHA is a complement of the a posteriori risk management already exists.
Extending the Multiregional Input‐Output Framework to Labor‐Related Impacts: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Hardadi Gilang , Pizzol Massimo 
Published: May 2017

SummaryGiven the high potential shown by the recent developments in environmentally extended and multiregional input‐output (I‐O) analysis, a natural step would be to extend this theoretical framework beyond the environmental dimension to include the social dimension, in line with parallel advancements in social life cycle assessment. The ideal results would be a multiregional I‐O database to investigate not only environmental footprints, but also social footprints. Qualitative and subjective characteristics of social issues, complex impact pathways, and data scarcity challenge the extension of the I‐O framework to social impacts. These challenges are addressed in this study where the Exiobase database was extended with new data on five quantitative indicators available from the International Labor Organization: employment; working hours; salary; occupational accident cases; and unemployment. This required modeling steps, such as the disaggregation of data from sector to product group level, and filling the data gaps for missing countries by primary data collection or interpolation. A characterization step where indicator values are converted into social impacts on human productivity and human well‐being measured in quality‐adjusted life years was then performed. The results show an appreciable match between the databases, with justifiable interpolations for missing countries. The study demonstrates how to obtain an open and quantitative I‐O database extended with indicators on labor‐related impacts and discusses approaches to overcome the challenges of this process.
Contaminated Interaction: Another Barrier to Circular Material Flows
Authors: Baxter Weston , Aurisicchio Marco , Childs Peter 
Published: May 2017

SummaryContamination poses a significant problem to the circular economy (CE), which derives much of its value from maintaining pure material flows. The aim of this article is to frame contaminated interaction among other forms of contamination and investigate its effects on the CE. The research is based on a review of the contamination literature and case studies. We differentiate between three types of contamination influencing circular material flows: technical, which deals with fitness for use; systemic, which deals with efficiency in processing; and interaction, which deals with user‐object interaction and decision making. Our focus is on developing a foundational understanding of contaminated interaction and how it influences circular processes. Through multiple examples, contaminated interaction is shown to create three barriers to the CE: downcycling, disposal, and hindered circulation. Among other proposals to address contaminated interaction, the research calls for the development of experientially transferrable design—products that can move between users and uses without negative consequences.
Using transmission Kikuchi diffraction to characterise α variants in an α+β titanium alloy
Authors: TONG V. , JOSEPH S. , ACKERMAN A.K. , DYE D. , BRITTON T.B. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryTwo phase titanium alloys are important for high‐performance engineering components, such as aeroengine discs. The microstructures of these alloys are tailored during thermomechanical processing to precisely control phase fractions, morphology and crystallographic orientations. In bimodal two phase (α + β) Ti‐6Al‐2Sn‐4Zr‐2Mo (Ti‐6242) alloys there are often three microstructural lengthscales to consider: large (∼10 μm) equiaxed primary α; >200 nm thick plate α with a basketweave morphology; and very fine scaled (<50 nm plate thickness) secondary α that grows between the larger α plates surrounded by retained β. In this work, we utilise high spatial resolution transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD, also known as transmission‐based electron backscatter diffraction, t‐EBSD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)‐based forward scattering electron imaging to resolve the structures and orientations of basketweave and secondary α in Ti‐6242. We analyse the α variants formed within one prior β grain, and test whether existing theories of habit planes of the phase transformation are upheld. Our analysis is important in understanding both the thermomechanical processing strategy of new bimodal two‐phase titanium alloys, as well as the ultimate performance of these alloys in complex loading regimes such as dwell fatigue. Our paper champions the significant increase in spatial resolution afforded using transmission techniques, combined with the ease of SEM‐based analysis using conventional electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) systems and forescatter detector (FSD) imaging, to study the nanostructure of real‐world engineering alloys.
Sleep–wake rhythm disturbances and perceived sleep in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Pedersen Maria , Ekstedt Mirjam , Småstuen Milada C. , Wyller Vegard B. , Sulheim Dag , Fagermoen Even , Winger Anette , Pedersen Edvard , Hrubos‐Strøm Harald 
Published: May 2017

SummaryChronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is characterized by long‐lasting, disabling and unexplained fatigue that is often accompanied by unrefreshing sleep. The aim of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate sleep–wake rhythm and perceived sleep in adolescent CFS patients compared to healthy individuals. We analysed baseline data on 120 adolescent CFS patients and 39 healthy individuals included in the NorCAPITAL project. Activity measures from a uniaxial accelerometer (activPAL) were used to estimate mid‐sleep time (mid‐point of a period with sleep) and time in bed. Scores from the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire (KSQ) were also assessed. The activity measures showed that the CFS patients stayed significantly longer in bed, had a significantly delayed mid‐sleep time and a more varied sleep–wake rhythm during weekdays compared with healthy individuals. On the KSQ, the CFS patients reported significantly more insomnia symptoms, sleepiness, awakening problems and a longer sleep onset latency than healthy individuals. These results might indicate that disrupted sleep–wake phase could contribute to adolescent CFS; however, further investigations are warranted.
Effects of whey and soy protein addition on bread rheological property of wheat flour
Authors: Zhou Jianmin , Liu Junfei , Tang Xiaozhi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe development of wheat‐based foods that are enriched with proteins is increasingly popular due to consumer demand regarding food nutritional content and quality. This study was performed to compare the effect of whey and soy protein on the rheological properties of wheat dough and bread‐making quality in a relatively wide range of protein addition (0–30%). We found that the incorporation of whey protein (WP) decreased dough stability time (MST), minimum torque (MMT), G′ and G″, but increased dough peak torque (MPT), stickiness, G′ and G″ in temperature sweep. With the increasing level of WP from 0 to 30%, the specific volume of bread initially decreased from 2.61 to 2.22 cm3/g, then increased to 3.08 cm3/g when WP was at higher concentration than gluten. However, the crumb hardness increased from 173 to 1291 g at the same time. As a contrast, the addition of soy protein (SP) increased dough MST, MMT, G′ and G″, but decreased MPT, stickiness, G′ and G″ in temperature sweep. With the increasing level of SP from 0 to 30%, the specific volume of bread decreased from 2.61 to 1.31 cm3/g and the hardness first decreased from 173 to 152 g, then increased to 696 g. The results suggested that selection of the protein source and amount with appropriate functionalities played an important role in certain applications for protein fortified bakery products.Practical applicationsSince it is known that the gluten network is responsible for viscoelastic properties in wheat dough and for dough structure strength and gas retention, most studies reported that enrichment of foreign proteins interfered with gluten development and therefore, had negative effects on bread quality. This study compared the effects of whey and soy proteins on the thermomechanical, dynamic rheological and microstructural properties of wheat dough and bread‐making quality in a relatively wide range of protein addition (0–30%). The results suggested that selection of the protein source and amount with appropriate functionalities significantly affected the structure of the dough and quality of the bread. Our study is essential for product development and process control when considering the popularity of protein fortified bakery products.