bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Source evaluation of domain experts and novices during Web search
Authors: Brand‐Gruwel S. , Kammerer Y. , van Meeuwen L. , van Gog T. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNowadays, almost everyone uses the World Wide Web (WWW) to search for information of any kind. In education, students frequently use the WWW for selecting information to accomplish assignments such as writing an essay or preparing a presentation. The evaluation of sources and information is an important sub‐skill in this process. But many students have not yet optimally developed this skill. On the basis of verbal reports, eye‐tracking data and navigation logs, this study investigated how novices in the domain of psychology evaluate Internet sources as compared to domain experts. In addition, two different verbal reporting techniques, namely thinking aloud and cued retrospective reporting, were compared in order to examine students' evaluation behaviour. Results revealed that domain expertise has an impact on individuals' evaluation behaviour during Web search, such that domain experts showed a more sophisticated use of evaluation criteria to judge the reliability of sources and information and selected more reliable information than domain novices. Furthermore, the different verbal reporting techniques did not lead to different conclusions on criteria use in relation to domain expertise, although in general more utterances concerning evaluation of sources and information were expressed during cued retrospective reporting.Lay DescriptionWhat is already known about this topic:

When searching the Web, students assess the reliability of information and sources in a spontaneous manner.
Students tend to use superficial criteria when judging the trustworthiness of web‐based information and sources.
Little is known about the differences between domain experts and novices in terms of the ways they spontaneously evaluate web‐based information and sources.
What this paper adds:

Domain knowledge influences evaluation behaviour, with greater domain knowledge leading to more reliable selection of sources.
A comparison of techniques for measuring evaluation behaviour when searching the Web for information reveals that different techniques, such as thinking aloud and cued retrospective reporting, have different pros and cons whose implications depend on the research questions being addressed.
Implications for practice and/or policy:

In formal education, more attention should be paid to equipping students with the requisite skills in searching for and evaluating web‐based information. Embedded process‐oriented instructional designs are needed that foster the appropriate evaluation behaviours.
Linking amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and spinal muscular atrophy through RNA‐transcriptome homeostasis: a genomics perspective
Authors: Gama‐Carvalho Margarida , L. Garcia‐Vaquero Marina , R. Pinto Francisco , Besse Florence , Weis Joachim , Voigt Aaron , Schulz Jörg B. , De Las Rivas Javier 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this review, we present our most recent understanding of key biomolecular processes that underlie two motor neuron degenerative disorders, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and spinal muscular atrophy. We focus on the role of four multifunctional proteins involved in RNA metabolism (TDP‐43, FUS, SMN, and Senataxin) that play a causal role in these diseases. Recent results have led to a novel scenario of intricate connections between these four proteins, bringing transcriptome homeostasis into the spotlight as a common theme in motor neuron degeneration. We review reported functional and physical interactions between these four proteins, highlighting their common association with nuclear bodies and small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle biogenesis and function. We discuss how these interactions are turning out to be particularly relevant for the control of transcription and chromatin homeostasis, including the recent identification of an association between SMN and Senataxin required to ensure the resolution of DNA‐RNA hybrid formation and proper termination by RNA polymerase II. These connections strongly support the existence of common pathways underlying the spinal muscular atrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype. We also discuss the potential of genome‐wide expression profiling, in particular RNA sequencing derived data, to contribute to unravelling the underlying mechanisms. We provide a review of publicly available datasets that have addressed both diseases using these approaches, and highlight the value of investing in cross‐disease studies to promote our understanding of the pathways leading to neurodegeneration.
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Fingolimod confers neuroprotection through activation of Rac1 after experimental germinal matrix hemorrhage in rat pups
Authors: Rolland William B. , Krafft Paul R. , Lekic Tim , Klebe Damon , LeGrand Julia , Weldon Abby Jones , Xu Liang , Zhang John H. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFingolimod, a sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor (S1PR) agonist, is clinically available to treat multiple sclerosis and is showing promise in treating stroke. We investigated if fingolimod provides long‐term protection from experimental neonatal germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH), aiming to support a potential mechanism of acute fingolimod‐induced protection. GMH was induced in P7 rats by infusion of collagenase (0.3 U) into the right ganglionic eminence. Animals killed at 4 weeks post‐GMH received low‐ or high‐dose fingolimod (0.25 or 1.0 mg/kg) or vehicle, and underwent neurocognitive testing before histopathological evaluation. Subsequently, a cohort of animals killed at 72 h post‐GMH received 1.0 mg/kg fingolimod; the specific S1PR1 agonist, SEW2871; or fingolimod co‐administered with the S1PR1/3/4 inhibitor, VPC23019, or the Rac1 inhibitor, EHT1864. All drugs were injected intraperitoneally 1, 24, and 48 h post‐surgery. At 72 h post‐GMH, brain water content, extravasated Evans blue dye, and hemoglobin were measured as well as the expression levels of phospho‐Akt, Akt, GTP‐Rac1, Total‐Rac1, ZO1, occludin, and claudin‐3 determined. Fingolimod significantly improved long‐term neurocognitive performance and ameliorated brain tissue loss. At 72 h post‐GMH, fingolimod reduced brain water content and Evans blue dye extravasation as well as reversed GMH‐induced loss of tight junctional proteins. S1PR1 agonism showed similar protection, whereas S1PR or Rac1 inhibition abolished the protective effect of fingolimod. Fingolimod treatment improved functional and morphological outcomes after GMH, in part, by tempering acute post‐hemorrhagic blood–brain barrier disruption via the activation of the S1PR1/Akt/Rac1 pathway.
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Reflection imaging of China ink‐perfused brain vasculature using confocal laser‐scanning microscopy after clarification of brain tissue by the Spalteholz method
Authors: Gutierre R. C. , Vannucci Campos D. , Mortara R. A. , Coppi A. A. , Arida R. M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractConfocal laser‐scanning microscopy is a useful tool for visualizing neurons and glia in transparent preparations of brain tissue from laboratory animals. Currently, imaging capillaries and venules in transparent brain tissues requires the use of fluorescent proteins. Here, we show that vessels can be imaged by confocal laser‐scanning microscopy in transparent cortical, hippocampal and cerebellar preparations after clarification of China ink‐injected specimens by the Spalteholz method. This method may be suitable for global, three‐dimensional, quantitative analyses of vessels, including stereological estimations of total volume and length and of surface area of vessels, which constitute indirect approaches to investigate angiogenesis.
‘Betwixt and between health and illness’ – women's narratives following acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Smith Rita , Frazer Kate , Hall Patricia , Hyde Abbey , O'Connor Laserina 
Published: January 2017

Aims and ObjectivesThis study investigated experiences of women with a primary diagnosis of ACS (NSTEMI and Unstable Angina) in the 6–8 week period following discharge from hospital. The aim was to report the experience of the mediating impact of a newly‐diagnosed disease.BackgroundCardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality in women. Treatment modalities have improved health outcomes and survival rates, however, quality of life and ongoing morbidity after discharge is not clearly understood from a gender specific perspective.DesignA naturalistic case study design guided this study.MethodsThirty women participated (n = 30); a within‐case followed by a cross‐case analysis provided meticulous knowledge of each case. Data collection included participant diaries and face to face interviews. Data were analysed using modified analytic induction which allowed the emergence of theoretical insights. The theoretical concepts, liminality and transitioning were used to inform the analysis. Within‐methods triangulation captured the depth and breadth of the women's experiences.ResultsThe data provide an insight into women's experiences following ACS and highlight a need for support structures and services after discharge. Many women reported a period of disrupted normality following discharge from hospital. While a number of women had transitioned towards recovery, many remained in a liminal space ‘betwixt and between’ health and illness. Cardiac rehabilitation was reported as a positive experience for those who were attending.ConclusionsThe findings provide a platform for a wider discourse on the needs of women with ACS in the immediate period after discharge from hospital. Women may benefit from gender‐specific, appropriately timed, and targeted interventions to facilitate recovery and adaptation to living with CHD.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is essential that secondary prevention services are modelled and tailored to meet the needs of women and evaluated appropriately to ensure positive outcomes. Nursing could have a key role to play in managing and providing this support.
Impact of nursing diagnoses on patient and organisational outcomes: a systematic literature review
Authors: Sanson Gianfranco , Vellone Ercole , Kangasniemi Mari , Alvaro Rosaria , D'Agostino Fabio 
Published: January 2017

Aims and objectivesTo investigate the impact of nursing diagnoses on patient and organisational outcomes in any field of health care where nurses are involved.BackgroundIn healthcare systems, descriptions of patient complexity and outcomes and payment criteria are primarily based on medical diagnoses and procedures. Other aspects of patient care are rarely considered. Nursing diagnoses are believed to be related to healthcare outcomes, but comprehensive evidence for this association is missing.DesignSystematic literature review.MethodsThe search was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL and Scopus databases without year or language limitations. The studies were categorised according to their methodological quality (low, good or high) and classified based on their levels of evidence on a scale of 1 (strongest evidence) to 5 (weakest evidence).ResultsSeventeen of 3426 potentially relevant studies met the eligibility criteria. Eleven studies were classified as low, five as good and one as high quality. The levels of evidence were rated as 2 for one study, three for two studies, four for nine studies and five for five studies. Nursing diagnoses were found to predict patient (quality of life, mortality) and organisational (length of hospital stay, hospital charges, amount of nursing care, discharge dispositions) outcomes. Patient care plans based on nursing diagnoses improved sleep quality, quality of life and glycaemic control. When added to information from disease‐based classification systems (e.g. diagnosis‐related groups), nursing diagnoses improved the predictions of the above outcomes.ConclusionsNursing diagnoses have a great potential to predict patient and organisational outcomes. High‐quality research is required to better investigate the existence and strength of these relationships.Relevance to clinical practiceThe systematic use of nursing diagnoses in clinical practice, as well as the sharing of high‐quality nursing data in large databases, may provide a considerable boost to the contribution of nursing to healthcare outcomes.
Patient readmission for orthopaedic surgical site infection: an hermeneutic phenomenological approach
Authors: Torres Lilian Machado , Turrini Ruth Natalia Teresa , Merighi Miriam Aparecida Barbosa 
Published: January 2017

Aim and objectiveTo explore the individual experience of being readmitted for surgical site infection resulting from orthopaedic surgery.BackgroundSurgical site infection has been a cause of concern worldwide and contributes to the greatest number of hospital readmission occurrences. Health professionals must understand the meaning of these readmissions for the individual, as an understanding of these exclusive experiences improves the quality of surgical care.DesignQualitative research based on the existential phenomenology of Martin Heidegger.MethodEleven individuals who were readmitted because of surgical site infection participated in the study. The testimonials were obtained over an 11‐month period in 2014–2015 based on the following leading question: What has it been like for you to be readmitted because of orthopaedic surgical site infection? The phenomenological analysis identified the sentiment units of the testimonials and their interrelation, revealing the meanings.ResultsThe revealed contents were fear and insecurity of the unknown, frustration, and the sense of time passing them by and being unable to live their lives. The individuals felt neglected, and they experienced their social relationality as impaired and sometimes approaching a breakdown. The patients connected with God as an attempt to avoid complications and death.ConclusionWe urge healthcare professionals to deepen their knowledge of the dimensions of care by developing competencies that consider the subjectivity of experiences of the health–disease process. When the only listening that takes place is qualified listening, the professional's attitudes compromise his or her ability to provide true care, which transcends the knowledge of doing and reaches the knowledge of doing with sensitivity.Relevance to clinical practiceNursing care requires an attitude that considers the patient as more than a carrier of illness and should not be limited to what is described and prescribed, although the latter cannot be excluded in an organisational point of view.
Ecological genomics of tropical trees: how local population size and allelic diversity of resistance genes relate to immune responses, cosusceptibility to pathogens, and negative density dependence
Authors: Marden J. H. , Mangan S. A. , Peterson M. P. , Wafula E. , Fescemyer H. W. , Der J. P. , dePamphilis C. W. , Comita L. S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn tropical forests, rarer species show increased sensitivity to species‐specific soil pathogens and more negative effects of conspecific density on seedling survival (NDD). These patterns suggest a connection between ecology and immunity, perhaps because small population size disproportionately reduces genetic diversity of hyperdiverse loci such as immunity genes. In an experiment examining seedling roots from six species in one tropical tree community, we found that smaller populations have reduced amino acid diversity in pathogen resistance (R) genes but not the transcriptome in general. Normalized R gene amino acid diversity varied with local abundance and prior measures of differences in sensitivity to conspecific soil and NDD. After exposure to live soil, species with lower R gene diversity had reduced defence gene induction, more cosusceptibility of maternal cohorts to colonization by potentially pathogenic fungi, reduced root growth arrest (an R gene‐mediated response) and their root‐associated fungi showed lower induction of self‐defence (antioxidants). Local abundance was not related to the ability to induce immune responses when pathogen recognition was bypassed by application of salicylic acid, a phytohormone that activates defence responses downstream of R gene signalling. These initial results support the hypothesis that smaller local tree populations have reduced R gene diversity and recognition‐dependent immune responses, along with greater cosusceptibility to species‐specific pathogens that may facilitate disease transmission and NDD. Locally rare species may be less able to increase their equilibrium abundance without genetic boosts to defence via immigration of novel R gene alleles from a larger and more diverse regional population.
Teaching peritoneal dialysis in Australia: An opportunity for improvement
Authors: Boudville Neil , Cho Yeoungjee , Equinox Keri‐Lu , Figueiredo Ana Elizabeth , Hawley Carmel M , Howard Kirsten , Johnson David W , Jose Matthew , Lee Anna , Maley Moira Alison , Moodie Jo‐Anne , Pascoe Elaine M , Steiner Genevieve Z , Tomlins Melinda , Voss David , Chow Josephine 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroductionUp to a 10‐fold difference in clinical outcomes between Australian peritoneal dialysis (PD) units exists. There is an international focus on the harmonization of educational practices in PD to determine whether this may lead to improved patient outcomes.AimsThe aim of this paper is to evaluate the current teaching practices of nurses and patients in Australian PD units.MethodsAn online survey with questions on nurse and patient training was made available to PD units in Australia.ResultsThirty‐eight (70%) of 54 PD units in Australia completed the survey. A written standardized curricula was utilized in 21 units (55%) for nursing staff and 30 units (79%) for patients, with 23% and 12% including an electronic delivery component for each group, respectively. Universal teaching of adult learning principles was not demonstrated. The hours spent on teaching nursing staff ranged from <15 h in 24% to >100 h in 21% of units. The average number of hours spent by nurses each day to train patients ranged from <2 h in 14% to >6 h in 11% of units, with the average total training days ranging from 2 to 3 days in 14% to over 7 days in 14% of units. Staff and patient competency assessments were performed routinely in 37% and 74% of units, respectively.ConclusionsConsiderable differences exist amongst Australian PD units in the education of staff and patients. There is a general lack of delivery and competency assessment to meet educational standards. It remains to be seen if harmonization of educational curricula can translate to improved clinical outcomes.
Could the peristaltic transition zone be caused by non‐uniform esophageal muscle fiber architecture? A simulation study
Authors: Kou W. , Pandolfino J. E. , Kahrilas P. J. , Patankar N. A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundBased on a fully coupled computational model of esophageal transport, we analyzed how varied esophageal muscle fiber architecture and/or dual contraction waves (CWs) affect bolus transport. Specifically, we studied the luminal pressure profile in those cases to better understand possible origins of the peristaltic transition zone.MethodsTwo groups of studies were conducted using a computational model. The first studied esophageal transport with circumferential‐longitudinal fiber architecture, helical fiber architecture and various combinations of the two. In the second group, cases with dual CWs and varied muscle fiber architecture were simulated. Overall transport characteristics were examined and the space‐time profiles of luminal pressure were plotted and compared.Key ResultsHelical muscle fiber architecture featured reduced circumferential wall stress, greater esophageal distensibility, and greater axial shortening. Non‐uniform fiber architecture featured a peristaltic pressure trough between two high‐pressure segments. The distal pressure segment showed greater amplitude than the proximal segment, consistent with experimental data. Dual CWs also featured a pressure trough between two high‐pressure segments. However, the minimum pressure in the region of overlap was much lower, and the amplitudes of the two high‐pressure segments were similar.Conclusions & InferencesThe efficacy of esophageal transport is greatly affected by muscle fiber architecture. The peristaltic transition zone may be attributable to non‐uniform architecture of muscle fibers along the length of the esophagus and/or dual CWs. The difference in amplitude between the proximal and distal pressure segments may be attributable to non‐uniform muscle fiber architecture.
Atypical Surface ECG Complicating the Diagnosis of Bundle Branch Reentry Tachycardia
Authors: REITHMANN CHRISTOPHER , HERKOMMER BERNHARD , REMP THOMAS , FIEK MICHAEL 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundTypical left bundle branch block (LBBB) during ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a diagnostic criterion of bundle branch reentry tachycardia (BBRT) with activation of the right bundle in the anterograde direction.Methods and ResultsEleven patients (seven male, 60 ± 12 years) with nonischemic cardiomyopathy (left ventricular ejection fraction 37 ± 16%) presenting with BBRT were successfully treated by ablation of the right bundle. Among them, five patients had atypical surface electrocardiograms (ECGs) differing from a typical LBBB during the VT. Three patients with severe enlargement and dysfunction of the left ventricle had broadened irregular QRS complexes with rR or RS configuration in lead V6 during the BBRT. Two patients with enlargement and/or hypokinesia of the right ventricle had entirely or almost entirely negative complexes (QS) in the chest leads (V1–V6) during the VT. Activation mapping in these two patients revealed that the exit site of the BBRT was in the anterior right ventricle generating a negative concordance in the precordial leads.ConclusionsAtypical surface ECGs with broadened irregular QRS complexes or negative concordance in the precordial leads can complicate the correct diagnosis of BBRT in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and involvement of the right ventricle.
Lumbopelvic Core Stabilization Exercise and Pain Modulation Among Individuals with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain
Authors: Paungmali Aatit , Joseph Leonard H. , Sitilertpisan Patraporn , Pirunsan Ubon , Uthaikhup Sureeporn 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundLumbopelvic stabilization training (LPST) may provide therapeutic benefits on pain modulation in chronic nonspecific low back pain conditions. This study aimed to examine the effects of LPST on pain threshold and pain intensity in comparison with the passive automated cycling intervention and control intervention among patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain.MethodsA within‐subject, repeated‐measures, crossover randomized controlled design was conducted among 25 participants (7 males and 18 females) with chronic nonspecific low back pain. All the participants received 3 different types of experimental interventions, which included LPST, the passive automated cycling intervention, and the control intervention randomly, with 48 hours between the sessions. The pressure pain threshold (PPT), hot–cold pain threshold, and pain intensity were estimated before and after the interventions.ResultsRepeated‐measures analysis of variance showed that LPST provided therapeutic effects as it improved the PPT beyond the placebo and control interventions (P < 0.01). The pain intensity under the LPST condition was significantly better than that under the passive automated cycling intervention and controlled intervention (P < 0.001). Heat pain threshold under the LPST condition also showed a significant trend of improvement beyond the control (P < 0.05), but no significant effects on cold pain threshold were evident.ConclusionsLumbopelvic stabilization training may provide therapeutic effects by inducing pain modulation through an improvement in the pain threshold and reduction in pain intensity. LPST may be considered as part of the management programs for treatment of chronic low back pain.