bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dual contraceptive method use in HIV-serodiscordant Kenyan couples
Authors: Roxby Alison C , Ben-Youssef Leïla , Marx Grace , Kinoti Freda , Bosire Rose , Guthrie Brandon , Mackelprang Romel , Kiarie James , John-Stewart Grace , Farquhar Carey 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundWorld Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend dual contraceptive method use with condoms and another contraceptive to reduce both incidence of HIV/sexually transmitted infection transmission and unintended pregnancies. This qualitative study assessed the barriers to and motivations for dual contraceptive use in Kenyan HIV-serodiscordant couples.MethodsHIV-serodiscordant couples in Nairobi, Kenya, were recruited from two longitudinal cohorts. Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted using a semistructured questionnaire. Twelve male and 12 female members of serodiscordant couples and 10 women with incident pregnancies during the cohort studies were included.ResultsFew couples reported using dual contraceptive methods, with men reporting more condom use than women. No HIV-seropositive men or HIV-seronegative women reported using non-condom contraception. Men and women agreed that men play a dominant role in decisions to use both condoms and contraception in HIV-serodiscordant couples. Participants reported that perceptions of side effects, male partner preference, and reproductive desire were critical factors in contraceptive decisions. Both men and women saw dual contraceptive method use as redundant and a sign of possible unfaithfulness. Many participants actively desired pregnancy, but few were able to accurately define monthly fertility windows.ConclusionsDual contraceptive method use was low in these HIV-serodiscordant couples, with some couples finding it unnecessary while using condoms, and others being more focused on conceiving a child. Biomedical HIV prevention, including male circumcision, pre-exposure prophylaxis or antiretroviral therapy to reduce HIV transmission, may be more acceptable strategies to promote safer sexual relations among HIV-serodiscordant couples and safer conception when desired.
A randomised trial comparing pain and ease of use of two different stabilising forceps for insertion of intrauterine contraception
Authors: Speedie Joanna M M , Mansour Diana , Landy Rebecca , Clement Kathryn M 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundPain at intrauterine contraception (IUC) fitting may be a deterrent for women and any reduction in discomfort would be likely to be beneficial to both women and clinicians.AimThis study investigated the associated pain and the ease of use of two different stabilising forceps at the time of IUC placement.DesignSingle-blinded randomised controlled trial. One hundred parous women aged 18–50 years who had undergone at least one vaginal delivery were recruited.SettingAn integrated sexual health service in the North of England.MethodsWomen were randomised to the use of either a Littlewoods forceps or a single-toothed tenaculum forceps to stabilise the cervix at the time of IUC placement. Pain levels were measured at forceps application, IUC insertion, and 5 and 10 minutes post-procedure using a visual analogue scale (VAS). A clinician graded ease of use of the forceps and any associated bleeding. Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were used to compare pain levels between the two forceps groups. Linear regression was used when adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsMean VAS scores were similar at forceps application (p=0.52), IUC fitting (p=0.10) and at 5 minutes (p=0.32). There was a statistical difference in the degree of pain experienced at 10 minutes in the tenaculum group (p=0.01). Physicians found both forceps easy to use and there was no difference in bleeding (p=0.49).ConclusionsParous women who have had a vaginal delivery can be reassured that IUC fitting is well tolerated. Pain scores were not affected by the type of forceps used to stabilise the cervix at IUC placement. Both forceps investigated were easy to use.
رد آثاري لشواهد القبور الأثرية بمقابر مدينة غزة (1230-1336هـ/1814-1917م)
Authors: Abgadiyat Editors 
Published: October 2016

Gravestones have a major significance in history and archaeology for being authentic historical documents that reveal many aspects of ancient societies pertaining to their population, races, religious culture, language, professions, trades, and many other aspects. Given that the heritage of Gaza has been subjected to destruction due to political conflict and negligence, the researcher embarked on several tours to take an inventory of gravestones in Gaza’s cemeteries in reality, which are of great importance with respect to Gaza’s eminent figures and their families during the end of the Ottoman era.The total number of gravestones tallied in Gaza reached 139, dating back to the period between AH 1230/1814 CE and the British occupation of Palestine in AH 1336/1917 CE, which is the date of the most recent gravestones. On one of the highest hills of Bab al-Bahr (Gate of the Sea) and Al-Sheikh Shaban cemetery, 45 tombstones were found belonging to the families: El-Husseini, Abu Khadra, Abu Shaban, Saq Allah, El-Bar'asi, Abu Assi, Murshid, El-Ja'farawi, El-Ghusain, Si-Salem, Al-Radwan, and others. In the Bin Marwan cemetery, 37 tombstones were discovered belonging to the families: El-Nakhal, El-Shawwa, Wafa El-Alami, El-Bitar, El-Wahidi, El-Khaznadar, and others. In El-Tiflisi (Abu al-Kass) cemetery in the Shuja'iyya neighborhood, 18 tombstones were discovered belonging to the families: Bseiso, Hathat, and sheikhs of El-Hasanat tribe, El-Sunna', El-Qadirat, and others. In Addiriyah and El-Tamrtashi cemetery, 9 tombstones were found belonging to the families: El-Tamrtashi, Murad, El-Batsh, El-Jabali, and others; 3 tombstones belonging to Al-Ghusain family were found in the cemetery of Al-Ghusain school; and 2 tombstones belonging to Al-Husseini’s and El-Jaouni’s families were found in El-Mufti cemetery. In the cemetery of the Orthodox Church of Saint Porphyrius, 25 gravestones were found belonging to the families: Zarifa, El-Tarzi, Farah, Qifa, El-Madbak‎‏, El-Sayegh, Musaad, Shuhaiber, El-Tawil, and El-Jildah.
Effects of a Groundwater Scheme on the Simulation of Soil Moisture and Evapotranspiration over Southern South America
Authors: Martinez J. Alejandro , Dominguez Francina , Miguez-Macho Gonzalo 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The effects of groundwater dynamics on the representation of water storage and evapotranspiration (ET) over southern South America are studied from simulations with the Noah-MP land surface model. The model is run with three different configurations: one including the Miguez-Macho and Fan groundwater scheme, another with the Simple Groundwater Model (SIMGM), and the other with free drainage at the bottom of the soil column. The first objective is to assess the effects of the groundwater schemes using a grid size typical of regional climate model simulations at the continental scale (20 km). The phase and amplitude of the fluctuations in the terrestrial water storage over the southern Amazon are improved with one of the groundwater schemes. An increase in the moisture in the top 2 m of the soil is found in those regions where the water table is closer to the land surface, including the western and southern Amazon and the La Plata basin. This induces an increase in ET over the southern La Plata basin, where ET is water limited. There is also a seasonal increase in ET during the dry season over parts of the southern Amazon. The second objective is to assess the role of the horizontal resolution on the effects induced by the Miguez-Macho and Fan groundwater scheme using simulations with grid sizes of 5 and 20 km. Over the La Plata basin, the effect of groundwater on ET is amplified at the 5-km resolution. Notably, over parts of the Amazon, the groundwater scheme increases ET only at the higher 5-km resolution.
The influence of residents’ behaviour on waste electrical and electronic equipment collection effectiveness
Authors: Nowakowski Piotr 
Published: October 2016

Government agencies have implemented regulations to reduce the volume of waste electrical and electronic equipment to protect the environment and encourage recycling. The effectiveness of systems through which waste electrical and electronic equipment is collected and recycled depends on (a) the development and operation of new programmes to process this material and (b) on information dissemination programmes aimed at manufacturers, retail sellers, and the consuming public. This study analyses these two elements. The main focus is to better understand household residents’ behaviour in regards to the proper methods of handling waste electrical and electronic equipment and possible storage of the obsolete equipment that brings disturbances with collection of the waste equipment. The study explores these issues depending on size of municipality and the household residents’ knowledge about legal methods of post-consumer management of waste electrical and electronic equipment in Poland, where the collection rate of that type of waste is about 40% of the total mass of waste electrical and electronic equipment appearing in the market. The research was informed by various sources of information, including non-government organisations, Inspectorate of Environmental Protection and Central Statistics Office in Poland, questionnaires, and interviews with the household residents. The questionnaires were distributed to daytime and vocational students from different universities and the customers of an electronic equipment superstore. The results show that a resident’s behaviour in regards to the handling of obsolete waste electrical and electronic equipment can significantly reduce the collection rate, especially when the waste is discarded improperly – mixed with municipal waste or sold in scrapyards. It is possible to identify points that are necessary to be improved to achieve a higher collection rate.
Identification of gene-drug interactions that impact patient survival in TCGA
Authors: Spainhour John Christian Givhan , Qiu Peng 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background
With the advent of large scale biological data collection for various diseases, data analysis pipelines and workflows need to be established to build frameworks for integrative analysis. Here the authors present a pipeline for identifying disease specific gene-drug interactions using CNV (Copy Number Variation) and clinical data from the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) project. Two cancer types were selected for analysis, LGG (Brain lower grade glioma) and GBM (Glioblastoma multiforme), due to the possible progression from LGG to GBM in some cases. The copy number and clinical data were then used to preform survival analysis on a gene by gene basis on sub-populations of patients exposed to a given drug.

Results
Several gene-drug interactions are identified, where the copy number of a gene is associated to survival of a patient exposed to a certain drug. Both Irinotecan/HAS2 (Hyaluronan synthase 2) and Bevacizumab/PGAM1 (Phosphoglycerate mutase 1) are interactions found in this study with independent confirmation. Independent work in colon, breast cancer and leukemia (Györffy, Breast Cancer Res Treat 123:725-731, 2010; Mueller, Mol Cancer Ther 11:3024–3032, 2010; Hitosugi, Cancer Cell 13:585-600, 2012) showed these two interactions can lead to increased survival.

Conclusion
While the pipeline produced several possible interactions where increased survival is linked to normal or increased copy number of a given gene for patients treated with a given drug, no instance of low copy number or full deletion was linked to increased survival. The development of this pipeline shows a promising utility to identify possible beneficial gene-drug interactions that could improve patient survival and may illustrate some of the problems inherent in this kind of analysis on these data.
IFN-γ targets macrophage-mediated immune responses toward Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Greenlee-Wacker Mallary C , Nauseef William M 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Infections, especially with Staphylococcus aureus (SA), commonly cause morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a condition characterized by a defective phagocyte oxidase. IFN-γ reduces the frequency and consequences of infection in CGD by mechanisms that remain unknown. As IFN-γ promotes bacterial killing, efferocytosis of effete polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), and cytokine production in macrophages—the same macrophage effector functions that are impaired in response to SA—we hypothesized that IFN-γ may reverse these defects and thereby, augment macrophage control of SA during infection. IFN-γ primed activation of the NADPH oxidase in a time-dependent manner, enhanced killing of ingested SA independent of any effects on phagocytosis, and increased binding of SA-laden neutrophils (PMN-SA) to macrophages. However, IFN-γ did not increase the percentage of apoptotic PMN or PMN-SA internalized by macrophages. Under conditions in which viable SA were eliminated, PMN-SA primed the inflammasome for subsequent activation by silica but did not induce IL-1β production by macrophages. IFN-γ enhanced IL-6 production in response to SA or PMN-SA but did not increase inflammasome activation in response to either agonist. In summary, IFN-γ augmented direct killing of SA by macrophages, promoted engagement of PMN-SA, and enhanced macrophage-mediated cytokine responses that could collectively augment control of SA infection. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that IFN-γ improves responsiveness of macrophages to SA and provides insights into the mechanism of the clinical benefits of IFN-γ.
Hero turned villain: NLRP3 inflammasome-induced inflammation during influenza A virus infection
Authors: Ong James D H , Mansell Ashley , Tate Michelle D 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The severity of influenza A virus (IAV) infection can range from asymptotic to mild to severe. Infections, such as those seen following outbreaks of avian IAV, are associated with hyperinflammatory responses and the development of fatal disease. There is a continual threat that a novel or pandemic IAV will circulate in humans with high rates of mortality. The neuronal apoptosis inhibitor protein, class 2 transcription activator of the MHC, heterokaryon incompatibility, telomerase-associated protein 1, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an innate immune sensor that has been shown to be critical for the secretion of the potent proinflammatory cytokines, IL-1β and IL-18, as well as chemokine production and cellular inflammation in vivo following IAV infection. Initial studies illustrated a protective role of NLRP3 during severe IAV infection in mice. However, the NLRP3 inflammasome may be a hero that turns villain in the later stages of severe IAV infection via the promotion of a hyperinflammatory state. Current treatments for patients who present to hospitals with a severe IAV infection are limited. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in the induction of NLRP3-dependent inflammation during severe IAV infections may provide new therapeutic targets that reduce human mortality.
Two-Level Program Planning System Based on Genetic Algorithms and Program Options
Authors: �������  , Makeeva Olga 
Published: October 2016

There are a lot of different methods and approaches to program planning.
Unfortunately they do not cover all the program managers� requirements:
existing approaches and methods or their combinations do not allow monitoring
program stages as well as all the details simultaneously. At the same
time they don�t help to develop and implement the changes caused by uncertainty
and the influence of external and internal environment factors.
In this article the program planning system based on genetic algorithms and
program options was designed. The whole process of system operation and
it�s elements were considered. The advantages of planning system using in
relation to the oil and gas field modernization program were analyzed. The
proposed system meets the requirements of program managers to planning
tools and methods and allows managers to create flexible plans that involve
pre-designed steps when changes occur.
Case of congenital hypothyroidism related to NKX2-1
Authors: Makretskaya Nina A. , Kalinchenko Natalya Y. , Vasiliev Evgeny V. , Petrov Vasiliy M. , Tiulpakov Anatoly N. 
Published: October 2016

NKX2-1 is a transcription factor. Gene NKX2-1 is expressed in tissues of the thyroid gland, brain and lungs. Mutations of NKX2-1 can lead to neurological disorders, hypothyroidism, and respiratory distress syndrome. The combinations of these symptoms are known as brain-lung-thyroid syndrome. Benign hereditary chorea is the characteristic feature of this disease and the most common manifestation of it. Chorea progresses into the second decade after which it remains stable or may even spontaneously remit. Pulmonary dysfunction is the second most common manifestation of NKX2-1-related disorders. They include respiratory distress syndrome of the newborns, interstitial lung disease between ages four months and seven years and pulmonary fibrosis in older individuals. Thyroid dysfunction can present as congenital hypothyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism in adolescents. The combination of triad of the syndrome is present in only 50% of patients. This study includes a description of patient with brain-lung-thyroid syndrome. We described the novel mutation c.628_772del in the gene NKX2-1.
Сushing’s syndrome in early infancy due to МcCune—Albright syndrome
Authors: Makazan Nadezhda V. , Orlova Elizaveta M. , Kareva Maria A. , Poddybnyi Igor V. , Tolstov Kirill N. , Polyakova Galina A. , Bogdanova Polina S. , Peterkova Valentina A. , Dedov Ivan I. 
Published: October 2016

McCune—Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare multisystem disorder, classically defined by the clinical triad of fibrous dysplasia of bones (FD), café-au-lait skin spots, precocious puberty (PP) and other hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies. Diagnosis can be made if there are at least 2 of the 3 classical features. It is caused by somatic mutations of the GNAS gene encodes stimulate α-subunit of G protein (Gas). Gas is crucial for mediating effects of the lot of peptide hormones. Increased activity of Gas leads to multisystem hyperfunction. Some features are common (such as gonadotropin-independent precocious puberty) and another signs occur seldom. The clinical presentation of MAS is variable, the features occur at the different age. One of the rare feature of the MAS is Cushing’s syndrome due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, which usually occurs in the neonatal period. We describe clinical case of ACTH-independent hypercortisolism in the boy with MAS.
Modern approaches to the treatment of Cushing’s disease
Authors: Andreeva Anna V. , Markina Natal'ja V. , Antsiferov Mihail B. 
Published: October 2016

Traditionally the Cushing’s disease (CD) is considered a rare disease. Since 2012 СD has the official status of an orphan disease in the Russian Federation. Now prevalence of this disease in the world are from 1,5 to 3,9 cases of CD on 1 million people of the population. The reason of CD is the adenoma of a hypophysis (сortiсotropinoma). The “gold” standard of therapeutic tactics of patients with CD is the transsphenoidal surgery. However in 20% of cases after the radical treatment fail to achieve remission of pathological process. Now in an arsenal of the neuroendocrinologist we have various methods of therapy, including various methods of drug therapy. The focus of preparations are central type action: analogs of a somatostatin. The representative of this group of preparations is Pasireotid who has proved the efficiency by results of the multicenter clinical trials. This review focuses of the current state of knowledge about methods of treatment of CD, about new therapeutic opportunities with application of analogs of a somatostatin.
Krokot (Portulaca oleracea L) As a Natural Sensitizer for TiO2 Dye-sensitized Solar Cells: The Effect of Temperature Extract
Authors: Mufidah Reyza Anni , Khamidinal Khamidinal , Sedyadi Endaruji , Krisdiyanto Didik 
Published: October 2016

<p>The solar cell is formed by a sandwich structure, in which two electrodes flank the primary electrolyte that is containing redox I-/based on PEG (Polyethylene Glycol). The working-electrode which is TiO<sub>2</sub> layer on an ITO glass substrate is sensitized with krokot dye as the electron donor. The counter electrode is a layer of carbon. The fabrication cell is immersed with the krokot dye with 40°C, 50°C, 60°C extract temperature. The result of the UV-Vis shows that the absorption of wave-length from dye extract of krokot is located in the visible region with the absorbance peak in 420,5 nm and 665,5 nm which are the peak of chlorophyll. For the UV-Vis solid system, there are the highest band gap in 50°C extract temperature that make the capability of absorption toward UV spectrum is large. Furthermore, in the functional group analysed by FT-IR, there are shiften-carbonil and hydroxyl group after they are sensitized. From the current and voltage test with I-V meter keithley 2400 is resulted that on the 50°C extract temperature produces the highest efficiency of reaches which is 2.63 x 10<sup>-3</sup> %.</p>
Triôs, triên, trisô
Authors: Stock Markus 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The rise of the new interdisciplinary field of Sound Studies coincides with a new attention to formal and sonic properties of medieval German lyric. Taking songs by thirteenth-century poets Wernher von Teufen and Gottfried von Neifen as points of departure, this article argues for a methodology that puts the aesthetics of sound at the centre of their interpretation.
Gas Separation in Nanoporous Graphene from Molecular Dynamics Simulation
Authors: Mohammad R. Gharibzahedi Sayyed , Karimi-Sabet Javad 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Membrane separation processes are energetically efficient compared to the other techniques such as cryogenic distillation and gas adsorption techniques. It is well known that a membrane's permeance is inversely proportional to its thickness. Regard to its single atom thickness and its mechanical strength, nanoporous graphene has been proposed as a very promising candidate for highly efficient gas separation applications. In this work, using classical molecular dynamics, we report the separation performance of such membrane in a molecular-sieving process as a function of pore size and chemical functionalization of pore rim. To investigate the membrane separation capability, we have calculated the permeance of each gas molecule of the considered binary mixtures through the membranes and therefore the separation selectivity. We investigated the separation performance of nanoporous graphene for CO2/N2, H2/CH4 and He/CH4 with 50:50 proportions of each component and the separation selectivity has been calculated. We also calculated the potential of the mean force to characterize the energy profile for gas transmission. The separation selectivity reduced by increasing the pore size. However, presence of chemical functionally pores in the membrane increased the separation selectivity. Furthermore, the gas permeance through nanoporous graphene membranes is related not only to transport rate to the graphene surface as well as kinetic diameters but also to molecular adsorbed layer which is formed on the surface. The flux of molecules through the nanopores is also dependent on pore chemistry which is considered as gas-pore interactions in the molecular simulations and can be a sizable factor in simulation in contrast to experimental observations. This study suggests that nanoporous graphene could represent a suitable membrane for gas separation.