bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Joint Panel Sizing and Appointment Scheduling in Outpatient Care
Authors: Zacharias Christos , Armony Mor 
Published: September 2016

Patients nationwide experience difficulties in accessing medical care in a timely manner due to long backlogs of appointments. Medical practices aim to utilize their valuable resources efficiently, deliver timely access to care, and at the same time they strive to provide short waiting times for patients present at the medical facility. We address the joint problem of determining the panel size of a medical practice and the number of offered appointment slots per day, so that patients do not face long backlogs and the clinic is not overcrowded. We explicitly model the two time scales involved in accessing medical care: appointment delay (order of days, weeks) and clinic delay (order of minutes, hours). Closed-form expressions are derived for the performance measures of interest based on diffusion approximations. Our model captures many features of the complex reality of outpatient care, including patient no-shows, balking behavior, and random service times. Our analysis provides theoretical and numerical support for the optimality of an “open access” policy in outpatient scheduling when we account for both types of delay, and it demonstrates the importance of considering panel sizing and scheduling decisions in a joint framework. This paper was accepted by Noah Gans, stochastic models and simulation.
People With Complex Needs in Leadership Roles: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Beckwith Ruthie-Marie , Friedman Mark G. , Conroy James W. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Including people with disabilities in respected roles within disability-focused organizations is gaining recognition as best practice. In 2012 and 2013, we conducted a nationwide survey of disability-focused organizations about the inclusion of self-advocates on governing and decision-making bodies as part of the National Beyond Tokenism Research Study. This article presents the findings of the national survey on the inclusion of people with disabilities in leadership roles, including information on supports identified by organizations as facilitating inclusion, and the outcomes of including people with complex needs in leadership roles, and implications for future research and practice.
Effective Strategies for Supporting Individuals With Complex Needs in Leadership Roles
Authors: Friedman Mark G. , Beckwith Ruthie-Marie , Conroy James W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study was conducted as part of the National Beyond Tokenism Research Study. Building on a National Survey of 160 disability-focused organizations to identify the degree to which these organizations included people with complex needs in leadership roles and the support used to enable success, follow up in-depth interviews were conducted with 37 organizations who had participated in the survey to further understand the factors that influenced the inclusion of people with complex needs. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.
Evaluation of Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Anticancer activity of Thiazole Tagged Isatin Hydrazones
Authors: Eggadi Venkateshwarlu , Kulandaivelu Umasankar , Sheshagiri Sharvana Bhava Bandaru , Rao Jupalli Venkateshwar 
Published: September 2016

Isatin and its derivatives is versatile lead molecule for potential bioactive agents and shows wide spectrum of activities. In this study, we evaluated antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of isatin-3-[N2-(2-benzalaminothiazol-4-yl)] hydrazone derivatives using well defined models. Antioxidant activity of the isatin derivatives (Va-Vj) was evaluated by using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine radicals scavenging assay. The antimicrobial activity is evaluated by cup plate method and anticancer activity is evaluated by MTT assay against HBL-100 & HeLa cell lines. Compound Vh (R = 5-Cl, R1Â = OH & R2Â = OCH3) showed good antioxidant activity with the IC50Â of 8.09 M. In additionÂ VeÂ andÂ ViÂ have showned most active antibacterial activity againstÂ Bacillus subtilis,Â Staphylococcus aureusÂ andÂ Escherichia coliÂ with a Zone of Inhibition (mm) 20, 16, 18 and 14, 12, 15 on respective organism at 100 g/disc. The compound Vi have produced a good antifungal activity againstÂ Aspergillus nigerÂ andÂ Clostridium vericulataÂ with the zone of inhibition values of 9 and 8 mm respectively. These isatin derivatives also among the test compounds, compoundÂ VdÂ (R = 5-Cl, R1Â = OH & R2Â = OCH3) and compoundÂ VhÂ (R = 5-Cl, R1Â = OH & R2Â = OCH3) have shown nearly equal cytotoxic activity with IC50Â values of 246.53 mM and 247.29 mM against HBL-100 cell lines and HeLa cell lines respectively. From the results, isatin derivatives showed powerful antioxidant activity, antimicrobial and anticancer activity may be due to the halogens substituted at 5thÂ position of isatin. The standard drugs used were ampicillin, clotrimazole, cisplatin and ascorbic acid for antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant respectively.
Development of a Test Procedure for Freeze-Thaw Durability of Geomaterials Stabilized With Fly Ash
Authors: Rosa M. G. , Cetin B. , Edil T. B. , Benson C. H. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The objective of this research was to develop a freeze-thaw cycling test procedure and to investigate how the volume, moisture content, resilient modulus (Mr), and unconfined compressive strength (qu) of geomaterials, including soils and recycled materials, stabilized with fly ash change after freeze-thaw cycling. Three different types of materials (fine-grained and coarse-grained soils and recycled pavement materials) and five different fly ashes were used at different percentages (10, 12, 14, and 20 % by dry weight). Both one-dimensional and three-dimensional freezing of the specimens were considered. Freezing in three-dimensional was faster in terms of completing the freeze-thaw cycling and provided very similar results to the ones prepared in one-dimensional. Thus, three-dimensional freezing was adopted in this study without access to water (i.e., closed system). The results of this study indicated that the volume of all soil-fly ash mixtures tended to increase after freeze-thaw cycling; however, the volume change was not significant. Resilient modulus tests were conducted on all unstabilized materials, as well as on their mixtures with fly ash, while qu tests were conducted only on fine-grained soil and their fly ash mixtures. The Mr of all mixtures with one exception decreased by an average of 28.5 % when specimens were subjected to freeze-thaw cycling. The drop in the Mr of the specimens leveled off after 5 freeze-thaw cycles. A general trend of higher Mr of materials stabilized with fly ash (from 3 to 168 %), even after freeze-thaw cycles compared to unstabilized material was observed. In general, a reduction in unconfined compressive strength (qu) after freeze-thaw cycles up to 70 % was obtained. However, results showed that qu of stabilized soils that were subjected to freeze-thaw cycles were still higher (from 6 to 157 %) than the qu of unstabilized soils.
Real-Time Assessment of Blasting Damage Depth Based on the Induced Vibration During Excavation of a High Rock Slope
Authors: Yan P. , Zou Y. J. , Lu W. B. , Hu Y. G. , Leng Z. D. , Zhang Y. Z. , Liu L. , Hu H. R. , Chen M. , Wang G. H. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Blasting is a major means for excavation of rock slope, and the blast-induced damage to reserved rock mass must be strictly limited to ensure safety of the high slope and reduce the cost for support. As a traditional and widely used technique, the sonic wave testing is usually adopted to detect the extents of blasting damage, but the workload of detecting is considerably heavy during excavation of large-scale rock slopes with a height of several hundred meters. Thus, a simple but efficient method of blasting damage assessment based on comprehensive vibration survey was presented in this paper. In total, 5 bench blasting experiments were conducted at the excavation site of the left dam-abutment slope of the Bai-he-tan Hydropower Station in southwestern China. A semi-empirical and semi-theoretical approach for predicting the blasting damage depth based on the Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) of blasting vibration at certain distance was established. The method was used to predict the damage depth of the subsequent bench blasting with monitored vibration, and the predicted results agreed well with those obtained by field damage testing, which indicated that the method proposed in this paper is reasonable and credible. Although there is no rigorous theoretical basis, this real-time damage assessing approach is simple and convenient to use, and it can significantly reduce the massive workload of sonic wave testing and greatly improve efficiency. The accuracy of damage assessment is heavily dependent on the engineering geological conditions of excavation site and the vibration monitoring quality. Thus, careful investigation of the engineering geological conditions before blasting excavation and field experiments are necessary for the application of this method.
Standardized Hydraulic Conductivity Testing of Compacted Sand-Bentonite Mixtures
Authors: Tong S. , Shackelford C. D. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCompacted sand-bentonite mixtures can be used as engineered barriers (liners) for waste containment applications. A primary consideration for such applications is the ability of the mixtures to achieve a suitably low hydraulic conductivity, k, typically ≤1.0 × 10−9 m/s, based on permeation with water in the laboratory. The purpose of this study was to evaluate in a systematic manner the applicability of ASTM D5084-10 for the measurement of k of compacted sand-bentonite mixtures. Final degrees of saturation, Sf, for 4 of the 19 test specimens were outside of the required range 95 % ≤ Sf ≤ 105 %, even though the measured k values for these 4 specimens were consistent with those tested under the same conditions with values of Sf that met the standard. Thus, Sf apparently was an unreliable measure of true saturation for the materials tested in this study. Otherwise, the results indicated that conservatively high values of k were measured for the largest specimen size, the highest applied hydraulic gradient, and the highest ionic strength of the permeant water. A difference in the method of hydraulic gradient application had essentially no effect on the magnitude of k. Finally, as expected, specimens containing the highest amount of bentonite (i.e., 15 % by dry weight) resulted in the lowest values of k, although calculation of some values of k for one specimen were negative (k &lt; 0), which was attributed to swelling of the specimen during permeation and the manner in which k was calculated based on ASTM D5084-10.
Characterization of Shallow Soils in the Central Business District of Christchurch, New Zealand
Authors: Markham C. S. , Bray J. D. , Riemer M. F. , Cubrinovski M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The strong shaking experienced during multiple events of the 2010–2011 Canterbury earthquake sequence caused extensive liquefaction throughout the central business district (CBD) of Christchurch, New Zealand. The performance of structures during these events was often related to liquefaction of foundation soils. Careful sampling and triaxial testing (monotonic and cyclic) were performed on soils from key building sites in the CBD of Christchurch. High-quality test specimens could be obtained using the Dames & Moore (DM) hydraulic fixed-piston thin-walled tube sampler for most of the predominantly silty and sandy soils in the CBD. Test results indicate, though, that loose clean sand specimens were densified significantly during sampling, and, thus, the DM sampler should not be used in this type of soil deposit. Important insights regarding the cyclic response of these soils were developed through the laboratory testing. These results when combined with existing information [e.g., cone penetration test (CPT) profiles and building damage observations] provide the basis for performing dynamic analyses through the calibration of advanced soil constitutive models.
A Double Acting Piston Based Automatic Volume Change Apparatus
Authors: Rahul Sakhare S. , Lini Dev K. , Krishna Prasad E. , Robinson R. G. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This paper presented the details of a double acting piston based volume change apparatus for measuring volume change during the routine soil testing in the laboratory. The apparatus works in the principle of movement of a piston when water flows through a cylinder. The volume change was related to the area of the cylinder and the displacement of the piston. The accuracy of the apparatus in measuring the volume change was validated by performing tests on a normally consolidated clay sample and a sample of dense sand.
Technique for Modeling Installation and Pullout of DIAs on a Beam Centrifuge
Authors: Liu X. , Fu Y. , Yeo C. H. , Li Y. , Lee F. H. , Gu H. , Sun J. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This paper describes a technique for modeling the installation and pullout of a dynamically installed anchor (DIA) using specifically designed equipment on a beam centrifuge. The equipment consists of three subassemblies, an X-Y table, an anchor installation system, and a pullout system. The X-Y table allows the location of anchor installation and pullout direction and pullout angle to be adjusted within a relatively short time without stopping the centrifuge. This permits the pullout angle with respect to vertical and the azimuthal angle of the pullout direction relative to the fins to be adjusted under high-g conditions. Inclined anchor penetration could also be preset by changing the lateral offset of the top of the guide tube. Finally, a very short transition time of several seconds between installation and pullout can be achieved, thereby allowing nearly short-term conditions to be achieved during pullout. The centrifuge model test results show that vertical pullout of non-vertically installed anchors and non-vertical pullout of vertically installed anchors both give a higher holding capacity than vertical pullout of vertically installed anchors. This indicates that the transverse pullout resistance of an anchor may contribute measurably to the anchor capacity and raises the possibility that, when appropriately installed, even higher pullout capacity may be obtainable from inclined pullout of non-vertically installed anchors. The findings also suggest that the ratio of short-term to long-term capacity may differ for different soils, thereby underlining the importance of being able to conduct tests at sufficiently shorter reconsolidation times.
Measuring Chromium in General Purpose (GP) Cement
Authors: Mohammadi J. , South W. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This paper presented the results of a cement proficiency test undertaken to measure the water soluble chromium content of cement. The water-soluble chromium (Cr6+) content of cement samples from major cement producers in Australia were determined by industrial laboratories in Australia and Europe based on the methods given in Australian Standard AS 2350.15 and the European Standard EN 196.10, respectively. The accuracy of the Australian test method and the precision of the Australian laboratories were investigated by performing proficiency tests. Applying the ASTM E691-15 calculation procedure, the level of systematic error associated with the Australian test method and the relevant suggestions for improvement were provided. The results showed the repeatability and reproducibility for the AS 2350.15 test method were 8 and 18 %, respectively, and comparable to the European results. It was found that the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) tests for the total and water soluble chromium content of cement could be considered an acceptable alternate measurement method. An investigation into the ratio of total chromium Cr to Cr6+ was explored to see if it might be used as an indicator of water-soluble content. Although a very weak correlation was observed between Cr6+ and Cr, in no cases does the ratio of Cr6+/Cr exceed 22 %.
Integrating Fracture Mechanics Into the Material and Structural Design Process
Authors: McClung R. C. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
A new paradigm is now emerging that has the potential to transform fracture control and, in fact, to transform the entire material and structural design process. In a nutshell, the new paradigm is to design and virtually evaluate the material, the manufacturing process, and the structure in an integrated manner for the specific purpose of meeting structural reliability goals in a fraction of the currently required time. The engine of the new paradigm is a set of robust computational models for fatigue crack growth (FCG) and fracture that are fully integrated with computational models for material microstructure and properties, manufacturing processes, and structural response. Efficient methods for calculating stress intensity factors are linked directly with 2D and 3D finite-element models for stress and thermal analysis to perform automated FCG life analysis, next incorporating advanced probabilistic models to calculate fracture risk. The initial conditions for these calculations are informed by direct links to manufacturing process simulation software to determine bulk residual stress fields and location-specific microstructure and properties. Crack origins are linked to specific quantified threats, such as inherent material anomalies, induced manufacturing or maintenance anomalies, or naturally occurring fatigue damage. The entire calculation process is performed in an appropriate probabilistic framework to quantify significant uncertainty and variability. Several specific examples of recent efforts to build and extend this integrated framework are cited, and several suggestions are offered for future work.
Disyuntiva en la Normativa de Origen Establecida en el Sistema de Preferencias Generalizadas de la Unión Europea (SPG) y el Acuerdo de Asociación entre Centroamérica y la Unión Europea (AACUE): Caso Costa Rica
Authors: Cordero Madrigal Christian 
Published: September 2016

La República de Costa Rica cuenta actualmente con dos acuerdos de comercio preferencial con la Unión Europea, el Sistema Generalizado de Preferencias (SPG) y el Acuerdo de Asociación entre Centroamérica y la Unión Europea (AACUE). De forma paralela a la negociación del AACUE, el SPG de la Unión Europea habíainiciado un proceso de flexibilización de su normativa de origen que no acabó sino hasta el mismo año en que Centroamérica terminó la negociación del pilar comercial del AACUE. Por tanto se puede intuir que el tratado más reciente fue negociado sobre la base de una normativa de origen más rígida lo que mplicaría la pérdida de privilegios previamente otorgados por la UE a Costa Rica al migrar de un esquema de comercio preferencial al otro.
The Central American Customs Union: Challenges for Progressing Toward Economic Integration
Authors: Ocampo Sánchez Fernando 
Published: September 2016

En los últimos años la región Centroamérica ha consolidado el proceso de integración económica a través de una unión aduanera, que mediante la aplicación del libre comercio entre sus miembros y el establecimiento de una arancel externo común aplicado a más del 95% del universo arancelario, ha promovido un crecimiento constante del comercio de bienes y servicios intra y extra regional. A pesar de estos avances, la región todavía tiene importantes retos que atender para profundizar esa integración económica, dentro de los que destacan la adopción de medidas de facilitación del comercio, la consolidación del libre comercio y la libre circulación de mercancías en el territorio aduanero, la conclusión del arancel externo común, el diseño de una política comercial conjunta centroamericana, y la definición mecanismo común de recaudación arancelaria y fiscal, asi como consolidar la institucionalidad y los mecanismos de coordinaciónintrarregional.
Liquid Medication Errors and Dosing Tools: A Randomized Controlled Experiment
Authors: Yin H. Shonna , Parker Ruth M. , Sanders Lee M. , Dreyer Benard P. , Mendelsohn Alan L. , Bailey Stacy , Patel Deesha A. , Jimenez Jessica J. , Kim Kwang-Youn A. , Jacobson Kara , Hedlund Laurie , Smith Michelle C. J. , Maness Harris Leslie , McFadden Terri , Wolf Michael S. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Poorly designed labels and packaging are key contributors to medication errors. To identify attributes of labels and dosing tools that could be improved, we examined the extent to which dosing error rates are affected by tool characteristics (ie, type, marking complexity) and discordance between units of measurement on labels and dosing tools; along with differences by health literacy and language.

METHODS:
Randomized controlled experiment in 3 urban pediatric clinics. English- or Spanish-speaking parents (n = 2110) of children ≤8 years old were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 study arms and given labels and dosing tools that varied in unit pairings. Each parent measured 9 doses of medication (3 amounts [2.5, 5, and 7.5 mL] and 3 tools [1 cup, 2 syringes (0.2- and 0.5-mL increments)]), in random order. Outcome assessed was dosing error (&gt;20% deviation; large error defined as &gt; 2 times the dose).

RESULTS:
A total of 84.4% of parents made ≥1 dosing error (21.0% ≥1 large error). More errors were seen with cups than syringes (adjusted odds ratio = 4.6; 95% confidence interval, 4.2–5.1) across health literacy and language groups (P &lt; .001 for interactions), especially for smaller doses. No differences in error rates were seen between the 2 syringe types. Use of a teaspoon-only label (with a milliliter and teaspoon tool) was associated with more errors than when milliliter-only labels and tools were used (adjusted odds ratio = 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.01–1.4).

CONCLUSIONS:
Recommending oral syringes over cups, particularly for smaller doses, should be part of a comprehensive pediatric labeling and dosing strategy to reduce medication errors.
Microarchitecture and Biomechanical Evaluation of BoneCeramic Grafted Alveolar Defects during Tooth Movement in Rat
Authors: Ru Nan , Liu Sean Shih-Yao , Bai Yuxing , Li Song , Liu Yunfeng , Zhou Guanjun 
Published: September 2016

Objective: BoneCeramic can regenerate bone in alveolar defects, but it remains unknown whether it is feasible to move a tooth through BoneCeramic grafting sites. The objective of this study was to investigate three-dimensional real-time bone responses and micromechanical properties in the grafting sites during orthodontic tooth movement. Methods: Sixty 5-week-old rats were randomly assigned into three groups to receive BoneCeramic, natural bovine cancellous bone particles (Bio-Oss), and no graft, respectively, after the extraction of the left maxillary first molar. After 4 weeks, the maxillary left second molar was moved into the extraction for 28 days. Dynamic bone microstructures and root resorption were evaluated using in vivo micro-computed tomography and histology. Stress distribution of tooth roots and biomechanical properties of corresponding bone tissue were examined by finite element methods and nanoindentation. Mixed-model analysis of variance was performed to compare the difference among time points with Bonferroni post hoc tests at the significance level of P < .05. Results: The BoneCeramic group had the least amount of tooth movement and root resorption volume and craters, highest bone volume fraction, trabecular number, mean trabecular thickness, microhardness, and elastic modulus, followed by Bio-Oss and the control group. The highest stress accumulated in the cervical region of the mesial roots. Conclusion: BoneCeramic has better osteoconductive potential and biomechanical properties and induces less root resorption compared with Bio-Oss grafting and naturally recovered extraction site.