bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late-Life Homelessness: A Definition to Spark Action and Change
Authors: Grenier Amanda , Sussman Tamara 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Comprehensive definitions of social issues and populations can set the stage for the development of responsive policies and practices. Yet despite the rise of late-life homelessness, the phenomenon remains narrowly understood and ill-defined.

Research Design and Methods
This article and the definition that ensued are based on the reconceptualization of interview data derived from a critical ethnography conducted in Montreal, Canada, with older homeless persons (N = 40) and service providers (N = 20).

Results
Our analysis suggests that definitions of late-life homelessness must include 4 intersecting components: (1) age, eligibility, and access to services; (2) disadvantage over the life course and across time; (3) social and spatial processes of exclusion that necessitate aging in “undesirable” places; and (4) unmet needs that result from policy inaction and nonresponse.

Discussion and Implications
The new definition derived from these structural and relational components captures how the service gaps and complex needs identified in earlier works are shaped by delivery systems and practices whose effect is compounded over time. It provides an empirically grounded and conceptually solid foundation for the development of better responses to address homelessness in late life.
Do Experimental Forests and Ranges of the Southeastern United States Represent the Climate, Ecosystem Structure, and Ecosystem Functions of the Region?
Authors: Xiao Jingfeng , Sun Ge , Potter Kevin M , Boggs Johnny , Zhang Qingyuan , McNulty Steven G 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
There are twenty experimental forest and range sites (EFRs) across the southeastern United States that are currently maintained by the USDA Forest Service (Forest Service) to conduct forest ecosystem research for addressing ecosystem management challenges. The overall objective of this study was to use multiple gridded datasets to assess the extent to which the twenty EFRs represent the climate, ecosystem structure, and ecosystem functions of southeastern forests. The EFRs represent the large variability of climate conditions across the region relatively well, but we identified small representation gaps. The representativeness of ecosystem structure by these EFRs can be improved by establishing EFRs in forests with relatively low tree cover, leaf area index, or tree canopy height. The current EFRs also represent the forest ecosystem functions of the region relatively well, although areas with intermediate and low aboveground biomass and water yield are not well represented. The trends in climate, ecosystem structure, and ecosystem functions were generally consistent between the region and the EFRs. Our study indicates that the current EFRs represent the region relatively well, but establishing additional EFRs in specific areas within the region could help more completely assess how southeastern forests respond to climate change, disturbance, and management practices.
Study Implications: This study across the experimental forests and ranges (EFRs) and the southeastern forest region fills the knowledge gap regarding climate, ecosystem structure, and ecosystem functions of EFRs in the context of the broader southeastern forest region. Understanding ecosystem functions and structures across the EFR network can help the Southern Research Station to address new research questions. Our study indicates that the current EFRs represent the climate, ecosystem structure, and ecosystem functions of southeastern forests well. However, establishing additional EFRs in certain regions could help more completely assess how southeastern forests respond to climate change, disturbance, and management practices.
Synthesis estimators for transportability with positivity violations by a continuous covariate
Authors: Zivich Paul N , Edwards Jessie K , Shook-Sa Bonnie E , Lofgren Eric T , Lessler Justin , Cole Stephen R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Studies intended to estimate the effect of a treatment, like randomized trials, may not be sampled from the desired target population. To correct for this discrepancy, estimates can be transported to the target population. Methods for transporting between populations are often premised on a positivity assumption, such that all relevant covariate patterns in one population are also present in the other. However, eligibility criteria, particularly in the case of trials, can result in violations of positivity when transporting to external populations. To address nonpositivity, a synthesis of statistical and mathematical models can be considered. This approach integrates multiple data sources (e.g. trials, observational, pharmacokinetic studies) to estimate treatment effects, leveraging mathematical models to handle positivity violations. This approach was previously demonstrated for positivity violations by a single binary covariate. Here, we extend the synthesis approach for positivity violations with a continuous covariate. For estimation, two novel augmented inverse probability weighting estimators are proposed. Both estimators are contrasted with other common approaches for addressing nonpositivity. Empirical performance is compared via Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, the competing approaches are illustrated with an example in the context of two-drug vs. one-drug antiretroviral therapy on CD4 T cell counts among women with HIV.
Gut Microbial and Metabolic Features Associated With Clostridioides difficile Infection Recurrence in Children
Authors: Li Xiaolu , Xiao Fangfei , Wang Xufei , Ye Lin , Xiao Yongmei , Li Dan , Zhang Ting , Wang Yizhong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a critical clinical issue due to the increase in incidence and difficulty in treatment. We aimed to identify gut microbial and metabolic features associated with disease recurrence in a group of pediatric CDI patients.

Methods
A total of 84 children with primary CDI were prospectively enrolled in the study. Fecal samples collected at the initial diagnosis were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and targeted metabolomics analysis to profile the bacterial composition and metabolome.

Results
Twenty-six of 84 (31.0%) pediatric CDI patients experienced recurrence. The alpha diversity of the fecal microbiota was significantly lower in the recurrent group than in the nonrecurrent group, and the beta diversity was different from that of the nonrecurrent group. Taxonomic proﬁles revealed that the relative abundances of multiple bacterial taxa significantly differed between the recurrent and nonrecurrent groups. Linear discriminant analysis effect size analysis identified several bacterial genera that discriminated between recurrent and nonrecurrent groups, including Parabacteroides, Coprococcus, Dialister, and Clostridium. Recurrent bacteria presented lower abundances of several short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)–producing bacteria (Faecalibacterium, Butyricicoccus, Clostridium, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus), which were correlated with reduced fecal SCFA levels. In addition, several bile acids, including lithocholic acid (LCA), 12-ketoLCA, trihydroxycholestanoic acid, and deoxycholic acid, were decreased in recurrent patients.

Conclusions
Our study suggests that the differing gut microbiota profiles in pediatric CDI patients may contribute to disease recurrence by modulating SCFA concentrations and bile acid profiles. The gut microbiota and metabolite signatures may be used to predict disease recurrence in children with CDI.
Mantle cell lymphoma in the sphenoid sinus showing acute bilateral blindness
Authors: Kanaya Yosuke , Tsunoda Atsunobu , Saigo Kanako , Tanaka Kumiko , Yoshikawa Akihisa , Kubo Satoko , Matsumoto Fumihiko 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A 57-year-old man was referred to our department with a mass in the sphenoid sinus. Surgical removal of the tumor was performed. However, a testicular mass was found that showed rapid growth. He had undergone inguinal orchiectomy. Five days after the urological surgery, he noticed visual disturbances and bilateral visual loss. Ophthalmological examination revealed total blindness, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed sphenoid mass growth. The patient underwent emergent removal of the tumor, and a diagnosis of malignant lymphoma was made. A final diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) in the testis and sphenoid sinus was made. After receiving treatment with intravenous corticosteroids and chemotherapy for lymphoma, his left vision completely recovered. Although his right vision was lost, he returned to normal social activities. This is the first report in the literature on MCL developing in the sphenoid sinus presenting with bilateral blindness and ipsilateral recovery.
Sphingolipid homeostasis: How do cells know when enough is enough? Implications for plant pathogen responses
Authors: Cahoon Edgar B , Kim Panya , Xie Tian , González Solis Ariadna , Han Gongshe , Gong Xin , Dunn Teresa M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sphingolipid homeostatic regulation is important for balancing plant life and death. Plant cells finely tune sphingolipid biosynthesis to ensure sufficient levels to support growth through their basal functions as major components of endomembranes and the plasma membrane. Conversely, accumulation of sphingolipid biosynthetic intermediates, long-chain bases (LCBs) and ceramides, is associated with programmed cell death. Limiting these apoptotic intermediates is important for cell viability, while overriding homeostatic regulation permits cells to generate elevated LCBs and ceramides to respond to pathogens to elicit the hypersensitive response in plant immunity. Key to sphingolipid homeostasis is serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), an endoplasmic reticulum–associated, multi-subunit enzyme catalyzing the first step in the biosynthesis of LCBs, the defining feature of sphingolipids. Across eukaryotes, SPT interaction with its negative regulator Orosomucoid-like (ORM) is critical for sphingolipid biosynthetic homeostasis. The recent cryo-electron microscopy structure of the Arabidopsis SPT complex indicates that ceramides bind ORMs to competitively inhibit SPT activity. This system provides a sensor for intracellular ceramide concentrations for sphingolipid homeostatic regulation. Combining the newly elucidated Arabidopsis SPT structure and mutant characterization, we present a model for the role of the 2 functionally divergent Arabidopsis ceramide synthase classes to produce ceramides that form repressive (trihydroxy LCB-ceramides) or nonrepressive (dihydroxy LCB-ceramides) ORM interactions to influence SPT activity. We describe how sphingolipid biosynthesis is regulated by the interplay of ceramide synthases with ORM-SPT when “enough is enough” and override homeostatic suppression when “enough is not enough” to respond to environmental stimuli such as microbial pathogen attack.
Economic valuation of open research data: A conceptual framework and methodological approach
Authors: Tu Zhifang , Shen Jiashu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The economic significance of open research data is widely acknowledged, yet its quantification remains challenging. This paper presents an effective valuation instrument to help stakeholders understand and evaluate the economic benefits of open research data. By conducting a scoping review and prioritizing user engagement, this study introduces a comprehensive conceptual framework for the economic valuation of open research data. The valuation is based on economic value and willingness to pay, employing the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). It incorporates per-use models (view, download, and request) and periodic subscription models (monthly and yearly). An empirical survey was conducted at the National Basic Science Data Center (NBSDC) in China to verify this framework. Both pricing models, comprising five distinct tactics, was supported by surveyed users. Measuring economic value by views and by year was preferred, while willingness to pay by downloads and by year was considered more reasonable. Overall, the most applicable valuation approach is on a yearly basis. Through this case study at NBSDC, specific pricing tactics were identified, and the total economic value and users’ willingness to pay were assessed. This study is arguably the first to establish a conceptual framework with pricing tactics from a user perspective. This methodological approach for economic valuation of open research data provides evidence and tools for future research, policy formulation, and resource allocation in the context of open science and innovation.
Association Between Juvenile Psychotic Experiences and Problematic Gaming
Authors: Fernandes André , Biokino Renan M , Miguel Andrew C C , Machado Viviane , Koga Gabriela , Fonseca Laís , Pan Pedro M , Roza Thiago Henrique , Salum Giovanni , Passos Ives Cavalcante , Rohde Luis Augusto , Miguel Euripedes Constantino , Ziebold Carolina , Gadelha Ary 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Hypothesis
Problematic gaming (PG) is an emerging mental health condition associated with significant adverse outcomes. Even though PG has been linked to other psychiatric disorders, its association with psychotic experiences (PEs) remains poorly explored to date. The aim of our study was to examine the association between both conditions in a large Brazilian community sample. We hypothesized that adolescents with PG were more likely to report PE compared with those without the disorder.

Study Design
Our investigation was based on a cross-sectional subsample of a large Brazilian cohort (n = 1616; 13- to 21-year age range). Using the 7-item version of the Game Addiction Scale, participants were classified according to their gaming status: no PG, PG, or gaming addiction (GA). The association between PG, GA, and PE was assessed through linear regression analyses, which were adjusted for the presence of significant covariates, including other psychiatric conditions.

Study Results
9.5% (n = 154) presented PG and 2.7% (n = 43) had GA. 28.0% received any Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnosis and the mean PE score was 9.39 (SD = 4.35). Participants presenting PG had greater levels of PE, compared with participants with no PG, even controlled by sociodemographic variables and the presence of any DSM-IV diagnosis (b = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.17–1.75, P = .017).

Conclusions
According to our results, PG was significantly associated with PE, even in the presence of other covariates. Although preliminary, these results suggest that PG and PE may have shared neurobiological and/or behavioral pathways.
Elucidation of γ-glutamyl-β-cyanoalanylglycine biosynthesis in mammalian cells by LC-QTOF-MS
Authors: Mochizuki Ryu , Yamagishi Yoshikazu , Ogra Yasumitsu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
γ-Glutamyl-β-cyanoalanylglycine (gEcnAG) is a glutathione analog in which the cysteine moiety in glutathione is replaced with β-cyanoalanine, a known plant cyanide metabolite. Previously, gEcnAG was detected in the liver of rats and chicks exposed to β-cyanoalanine. We reported the detection of gEcnAG in naïve mammalian cells using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). LC-QTOF-MS analysis enabled high-resolution confirmation (exact mass determination and MS/MS fragmentation) of the gEcnAG structure. The detection of gEcnAG in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells that were not exposed to β-cyanoalanine suggests its endogenous production. Furthermore, the inhibition of myeloperoxidase, an enzyme potentially required for endogenous cyanide generation, decreased gEcnAG levels in PC12 cells. This supports the notion that PC12 cells intrinsically produce cyanide, unlike HepG2 cells, which exhibited lower intracellular gEcnAG levels. Notably, β-cyanoalanine was undetectable in PC12 cells. Moreover, depleting glutathione with buthionine sulfoximine reduced intracellular gEcnAG levels, whereas supplementation with glutathione reduced ethyl ester increased them. These observations suggest that endogenous gEcnAG may be generated from glutathione, potentially through its reaction with endogenous cyanide. Our findings implicate gEcnAG as a possible metabolite of endogenous cyanide.
Phylogenetic evidence of extensive spatial mixing of diverse HIV-1 group M lineages within Cameroon but not between its neighbours
Authors: Godwe Célestin , Goni Oumarou H , San James E , Sonela Nelson , Tchakoute Mérimé , Nanfack Aubin , Koro Francioli K , Butel Christelle , Vidal Nicole , Duerr Ralf , Martin Darren P , de Oliveira Tulio , Peeters Martine , Altfeld Marcus , Ayouba Ahidjo , Ndung’u Thumbi , Tongo Marcel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
From the perspective of developing relevant interventions for treating HIV and controlling its spread, it is particularly important to comprehensively understand the underlying diversity of the virus, especially in countries where the virus has been present and evolving since the cross-species transmission event that triggered the global pandemic. Here, we generate and phylogenetically analyse sequences derived from the gag-protease (2010 bp; n = 115), partial integrase (345 bp; n = 36), and nef (719 bp; n = 321) genes of HIV-1 group M (HIV-1M) isolates sampled between 2000 and 2022 from two cosmopolitan cities and 40 remote villages of Cameroon. While 52.4% of all sequenced viruses belonged to circulating recombinant form (CRF) 02_AG (CRF02_AG), the remainder were highly diverse, collectively representing seven subtypes and sub-subtypes, eight CRFs, and 36 highly divergent lineages that fall outside the established HIV-1M classification. Additionally, in 77 samples for which at least two genes were typed, 31% of the studied viruses apparently had fragments from viruses belonging to different clades. Furthermore, we found that the distribution of HIV-1M populations is similar between different regions of Cameroon. In contrast, HIV-1M demographics in Cameroon differ significantly from those in its neighbouring countries in the Congo Basin (CB). In phylogenetic trees, viral sequences cluster according to the countries where they were sampled, suggesting that while there are minimal geographical or social barriers to viral dissemination throughout Cameroon, there is strongly impeded dispersal of HIV-1M lineages between Cameroon and other locations of the CB. This suggests that the apparent stability of highly diverse Cameroonian HIV-1M populations may be attributable to the extensive mixing of human populations within the country and the concomitant trans-national movements of major lineages with very similar degrees of fitness; coupled with the relatively infrequent inter-national transmission of these lineages from neighbouring countries in the CB.
The phylogeny and diversification of the western Eurasian Phaedusinae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Clausiliidae)
Authors: Magonyi Nóra M , Fehér Zoltán , Szekeres Miklós , Páll-Gergely Barna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The little-known western Eurasian taxa of the Phaedusinae (land snail family Clausiliidae) are Tertiary relicts, which are widely separated geographically from the rest of the subfamily occurring in eastern Eurasia. In order to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of this group, we carried out molecular analyses with 11 of the 16 genera using nuclear gene sequences. Our results revealed that within the subfamily, Nothoserrulina and Pamphylica, together with Caspiophaedusa, Dobatia, Pravispira, and Serrulina, belong to a clade that is sister to that of all east Eurasian Phaedusinae except Synprosphyma. In contrast, Graecophaedusa, Laeviphaedusa, Pontophaedusella, and Serrulinella, together with Pontophaedusa, belong to paraphyletic lineages diverging between the branching point of these clades and that of the most basal Synprosphyma lineage. Laeviphaedusa and Pontophaedusella represent the earliest western Eurasian lineages, estimated to date back to the Eocene–Oligocene boundary. Comparison of our phylogeny to morphological traits of the genera identified clade-specific character states of the shells and the reproductive organs. Based on fossil records and on palaeogeographical and palaeofloristic data, we also propose a model for the geographical origin and radiation of this subfamily in Eurasia.
Perinatal Naloxone Care Practices: Survey Results From Persons With OUD and Providers
Authors: Nidey Nichole , Kaplan Heather C. , Ford Susan , Prasad Mona , Lannon Carole 
Published: September 2024

Objective
Little is known about naloxone care practices for peripartum persons from the patient or provider perspectives. The objective of this study was to survey peripartum persons and providers about naloxone-related practices.

Methods
Individuals who had an OUD diagnosis during a pregnancy and Ohio healthcare professionals who provide care for peripartum patients with OUD and/or infants with prenatal exposure to opioids were eligible for this study. Patient experiences were assessed through a survey codeveloped with members with lived experience of opioid use disorder. Provider perspectives were examined through a survey codeveloped by the Ohio Perinatal Quality Collaborative. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to examine the proportion of participants who received or provided naloxone care practices and the effect on having a naloxone kit during the perinatal period.

Results
Of the 100 peripartum participants with opioid use disorder, 24% reported receiving naloxone from their prenatal care provider and 48% reported ever having a naloxone kit during the perinatal period. Of the 63 maternal care provider participants, 32 (49%) reported discussing or prescribing naloxone to pregnant patients. Of the 62 pediatric provider participants, 10 (16%) reported that they provide naloxone information to parenting individuals of their patients.

Conclusion
Study results demonstrate critical gaps in naloxone care practices for peripartum persons, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions at the patient, clinician, practice, and system levels.