bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Age and Acute Moderate Alcohol Administration on Electrophysiological Correlates of Working Memory Maintenance
Authors: Boissoneault Jeff , Frazier Ian , Lewis Ben , Nixon Sara Jo 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundPrevious studies suggest older adults may be differentially susceptible to the acute neurobehavioral effects of moderate alcohol intake. To our knowledge, no studies have addressed acute moderate alcohol effects on the electrophysiological correlates of working memory in younger and older social drinkers. This study characterized alcohol‐related effects on frontal theta (FTP) and posterior alpha power (PAP) associated with maintenance of visual information during a working memory task.MethodsOlder (55 to 70 years of age; n = 51, 29 women) and younger (25 to 35 years of age; n = 70, 39 women) community‐dwelling moderate drinkers were recruited for this study. Participants were given either placebo or an active dose targeting breath alcohol concentrations (BrACs) of 0.04 or 0.065 g/dl. Following absorption, participants completed a visual working memory task assessing cue recognition following a 9‐s delay. FTP and PAP were determined via Fourier transformation and subjected to 2 (age group) × 3 (dose) × 2 (repeated: working memory task condition) mixed models analysis.ResultsIn addition to expected age‐related reductions in PAP, a significant age group × dose interaction was detected for PAP such that 0.04 g/dl dose level was associated with greater PAP in younger adults but lower PAP in their older counterparts. PAP was lower in older versus younger adults at both active doses. Further mixed models revealed a significant negative association between PAP and working memory efficiency for older adults. No effects of age, dose, or their interaction were noted for FTP.ConclusionsResults bolster the small but growing body of evidence that older adults exhibit differential sensitivity to the neurobehavioral effects of moderate alcohol use. Given the theoretical role of PAP in attentional and working memory function, these findings shed light on the attentional mechanisms underlying effects of acute moderate alcohol on working memory efficiency in older adults.
Clinicopathological study of ovarian carcinoid tumours
Authors: McGrath Shaun , Nicklin James 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical features, treatment, clinical course and survival rates of women diagnosed with ovarian carcinoid tumours.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed of all patients diagnosed with primary ovarian carcinoid tumours who were managed by the Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer from 1982 to 2015.ResultsEighteen patients were identified with ovarian carcinoid tumours over the 32 years of the study period. Of the 18 patients, 14 were diagnosed with stage 1 disease, two were diagnosed with stage 3 disease and two were diagnosed with stage 4 disease. Carcinoid syndrome was present in two patients. All patients underwent surgical management. Follow‐up strategies varied for early stage disease, but no patient with early stage disease received any adjuvant treatment and no patient developed recurrent disease. Patients with advanced stage disease were treated with cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy. The five year survival was 100% for stage 1 disease, and 25% for stages 3 and 4 disease.ConclusionsThe vast majority of carcinoid tumours are diagnosed as an incidental finding. Prognosis for early stage disease is excellent, whether conservative or more extensive surgery with staging was performed, and intensive follow up did not influence survival. Optimal treatment for advanced disease remains unknown and requires further study.
Flow Preconditioning of Endothelial Cells on Collagen‐Immobilized Silicone Fibers Enhances Cell Retention and Antithrombotic Function
Authors: Salehi‐Nik Nasim , Banikarimi Seyedeh Parnian , Amoabediny Ghassem , Pouran Behdad , Shokrgozar Mohammad Ali , Zandieh‐Doulabi Behrouz , Klein‐Nulend Jenneke 
Published: July 2016

AbstractStability and antithrombotic functionality of endothelial cells on silicone hollow fibers (SiHFs) are critical in the development of biohybrid artificial lungs. Here we aimed to enhance endothelial cell retention and anti‐thrombotic function by low (12 dyn/cm2, 24 h) fluid shear stress (“flow”) preconditioning of endothelial cells seeded on collagen‐immobilized SiHFs. The response of endothelial cells without preconditioning (48 h static culture) and with preconditioning (24 h static culture followed by 24 h flow preconditioning) on hollow fibers to high fluid shear stress (30 dyn/cm2, 1 h) was assessed in a parallel‐plate flow chamber. Finite element (FE) modeling was used to simulate shear stress within the flow chamber. We found that collagen immobilization on hollow fibers using carbodiimide bonds provided sufficient stability to high shear stress. Flow preconditioning for 24 h before treatment with high shear stress for 1 h on collagen‐immobilized hollow fibers increased cell retention (1.3‐fold). The FE model showed that cell flattening due to flow preconditioning reduced maximum shear stress on cells by 32%. Flow preconditioning prior to exposure to high fluid shear stress enhanced the production of nitric oxide (1.3‐fold) and prostaglandin I2 (1.2‐fold). In conclusion, flow preconditioning of endothelial cells on collagen‐immobilized SiHFs enhanced cell retention and antithrombotic function, which could significantly improve current biohybrid artificial lungs.
Pharmacokinetics of oral fludrocortisone in septic shock
Authors: Polito Andrea , Hamitouche Noureddine , Ribot Mégane , Polito Angelo , Laviolle Bruno , Bellissant Eric , Annane Djillali , Alvarez Jean‐Claude 
Published: July 2016

AimThe combination of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone improved outcomes in septic shock. However, the specific role of fludrocortisone remains controversial and its pharmacokinetics (PK) has never been investigated in septic shock. This study aimed at characterizing the PK of fludrocortisone in septic shock.MethodsThis was a single‐centre ancillary PK study of a large multinational trial of crystalloids versus colloids for acute hypovolemia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. In 21 adults with septic shock, fludrocortisone plasma concentrations were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry tandem analysis, before and repeatedly until 18 h after an oral dose of 50 μg. PK parameters were estimated using a nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling.ResultsUndetectable plasma concentrations were observed in 7 out of 21 patients. In the remaining 14 patients, plasma fludrocortisone concentrations were best described by a one‐compartmental model with first‐order absorption, a lag time (Tlag) before the absorption phase, and first‐order elimination. Severity of illness, as quantified by Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, significantly increased Tlag and apparent clearance. There was a large inter‐individual variability in PK parameters. The population estimates of PK parameters (inter‐individual variability) were: Tlag 0.65 h (98%), apparent clearance 40 l h−1 (49%) and apparent volume of distribution 78 l (75%). Plasma half‐life was estimated at 1.35 h (95% CI, 0.84–2.03) and area under the curve of plasma concentrations was estimated at 1.25 μg h l−1 (95% CI, 1.09–1.46).ConclusionsA single oral dose of fludrocortisone yielded undetectable plasma concentrations in one‐third of adults with septic shock. Fludrocortisone PK showed a short plasma elimination half‐life and a large inter‐individual variability.
Design, synthesis, and preliminary bioactivity evaluation of N1‐hydroxyterephthalamide derivatives with indole cap as novel histone deacetylase inhibitors
Authors: Wang Xue , Li Xiaoyang , Li Jingyao , Hou Jinning , Qu Ying , Yu Chenggong , He Feng , Xu Wenfang , Wu Jingde 
Published: July 2016

Histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACIs) have been widely recognized as significant therapeutic approach to cancers. In our efforts to develop novel histone deacetylases inhibitors (HDACIs) as potential anticancer agents, a series of N1‐hydroxyterephthalamide derivatives with an indole cap group were designed and synthesized. Compound 12m was identified to be the most potent one (IC50 = 0.074 μm against HeLa nuclear extract) and showed higher inhibitory activity than the positive control SAHA (IC50 = 0.131 μm), which was also verified by further molecular docking studies into active site of HDAC2. The results of selectivity on the inhibition of HDACs exhibited 12m being with similar isoform selective profile with PXD101. In addition, the representative compounds (8d, 12d, 12j, 12m) based on the outcomes of preliminary tumor cell screening demonstrated more potent or comparable to SAHA in the next antiproliferative activity assays. Collectively, the results encouraged further development of this chemical template to provide more potent analogs as HDACIs.
Current Understandings of What Works to Support the Development of Emergent Literacy in Early Childhood Classrooms
Authors: Piasta Shayne B. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDespite growing attention to early literacy experiences and emergent literacy perspectives, many children start kindergarten with less than optimal emergent literacy skills. In this article, I review research on efforts to identify what works to support young children's development of emergent literacy in early childhood classrooms prior to starting kindergarten. These efforts include curricula, best practices, and professional development. Such efforts show promise in improving children's emergent literacy skills, but many gaps remain and require further study. In particular, research is necessary to identify ways to improve meaning‐focused skills, understand the generalizability and sustainability of effects, and translate findings into practice.
Experience of childhood abuse and later number of remaining teeth in older Japanese: a life‐course study from Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study project
Authors: Matsuyama Yusuke , Fujiwara Takeo , Aida Jun , Watt Richard G. , Kondo Naoki , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Kondo Katsunori , Osaka Ken 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesFrom a life‐course perspective, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) such as childhood abuse are known risk factors for adult diseases and death throughout life. ACEs could also cause poor dental health in later life because they could induce poor dental health in childhood, initiate unhealthy behaviors, and lower immune and physiological functions. However, it is not known whether ACEs have a longitudinal adverse effect on dental health in older age. This study aimed to investigate the association between experience of childhood abuse until the age of 18 and current number of remaining teeth among a sample of older Japanese adults.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using the data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES), a large‐scale, self‐reported survey in 2013 including 27 525 community‐dwelling Japanese aged ≥65 years (response rate=71.1%). The outcome, current number of remaining teeth was used categorically: ≥20, 10–19, 5–9, 1–4, and no teeth. Childhood abuse was defined as having any experience of physical abuse, psychological abuse, and psychological neglect up until the age of 18 years. Ordered logistic regression models were applied.ResultsOf the 25 189 respondents who indicated their number of remaining teeth (mean age: 73.9; male: 46.5%), 14.8% had experience of childhood abuse. Distributions of ≥20, 10–19, 5–9, 1–4, and no teeth were as follows: 46.6%, 22.0%, 11.4%, 8.2%, and 11.8% among respondents with childhood abuse, while 52.3%, 21.3%, 10.3%, 6.6%, and 9.5% among respondents without childhood abuse. Childhood abuse was significantly associated with fewer remaining teeth after adjusting for covariates including socioeconomic status (odds ratio=1.14; 95% confidence interval: 1.06, 1.22).ConclusionsChildhood abuse could have a longitudinal adverse effect on later dental health in older age. This study emphasizes the importance of early life experiences on dental health throughout later life.
Areas of endemism in the Nearctic: a case study of 1339 species of Miridae (Insecta: Hemiptera) and their plant hosts
Authors: Weirauch Christiane , Seltmann Katja C. , Schuh Randall T. , Schwartz Michael D. , Johnson Christine , Feist Mary Ann , Soltis Pamela S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAreas of endemism are essential first hypotheses in investigating historical biogeography, but there is a surprising paucity of such hypotheses for the Nearctic region. Miridae, the plant bugs, are an excellent taxon to study in this context, because this group combines high species diversity, often small distribution ranges, a history of modern taxonomic revisions, and comprehensive electronic data capture and data cleaning that have resulted in an exceptionally error‐free geospatial data set. Many Miridae are phytophagous and feed on only one or a small number of host plant species. The programs ndm/vndm are here used on plant bug and plant data sets to address two main objectives: (i) identify areas of endemism for plant bugs based on parameters used in a recent study that focused on Nearctic mammals; and (ii) discuss hypotheses on areas of endemism based on plant bug distributions in the context of areas identified by their host plant species. Given the narrow distribution ranges of many species of Miridae, the analytical results allow for tests of the prediction that areas of endemism for Miridae are smaller and more numerous, especially in the Western Nearctic, than are those of their host plants. Analyses of the default plant bug data set resulted in 45 areas of endemism, 35 of them north of Mexico and many located in the Western Nearctic; areas in the Nearctic are more numerous and smaller than those identified by mammals. The host plant data set resulted in ten areas of endemism, and even though the size range of areas is similar between the Miridae and plant data sets, the average area size is smaller in the Miridae data set. These results allow for the conclusion that the Miridae indeed present a valuable model system to investigate areas of endemism in the Nearctic.
Baby FaceTime: can toddlers learn from online video chat?
Authors: Myers Lauren J. , LeWitt Rachel B. , Gallo Renee E. , Maselli Nicole M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThere is abundant evidence for the ‘video deficit’: children under 2 years old learn better in person than from video. We evaluated whether these findings applied to video chat by testing whether children aged 12–25 months could form relationships with and learn from on‐screen partners. We manipulated social contingency: children experienced either real‐time FaceTime conversations or pre‐recorded Videos as the partner taught novel words, actions and patterns. Children were attentive and responsive in both conditions, but only children in the FaceTime group responded to the partner in a temporally synced manner. After one week, children in the FaceTime condition (but not the Video condition) preferred and recognized their Partner, learned more novel patterns, and the oldest children learned more novel words. Results extend previous studies to demonstrate that children under 2 years show social and cognitive learning from video chat because it retains social contingency. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at: https://youtu.be/rTXaAYd5adA
Spatial variation in soil properties and diffuse losses between and within grassland fields with similar short‐term management
Authors: Peukert S. , Griffith B. A. , Murray P. J. , Macleod C. J. A. , Brazier R. E. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryOne of the major challenges for agriculture is to understand the effects of agricultural practices on soil properties and diffuse pollution, to support practical farm‐scale land management. Three conventionally managed grassland fields with similar short‐term management, but different ploughing histories, were studied on a long‐term research platform: the North Wyke Farm Platform. The aims were to (i) quantify the between‐field and within‐field spatial variation in soil properties by geostatistical analysis, (ii) understand the effects of soil condition (in terms of nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon contents) on the quality of discharge water and (iii) establish robust baseline data before the implementation of various grassland management scenarios. Although the fields sampled had experienced the same land use and similar management for at least 6 years, there were differences in their mean soil properties. They showed different patterns of soil spatial variation and different rates of diffuse nutrient losses to water. The oldest permanent pasture field had the largest soil macronutrient concentrations and the greatest diffuse nutrient losses. We show that management histories affect soil properties and diffuse losses. Potential gains in herbage yield or benefits in water quality might be achieved by characterizing every field or by area‐specific management within fields (a form of precision agriculture for grasslands). Permanent pasture per se cannot be considered a mitigation measure for diffuse pollution. The between‐ and within‐field soil spatial variation emphasizes the importance of baseline characterization and will enable the reliable identification of any effects of future management change on the Farm Platform.Highlights

Quantification of soil and water quality in grassland fields with contrasting management histories.
Considerable spatial variation in soil properties and diffuse losses between and within fields.
Contrasting management histories within and between fields strongly affected soil and water quality.
Careful pasture management needed: the oldest pasture transferred the most nutrients from soil to water.
The evolution of host specialisation in avian brood parasites
Authors: Medina Iliana , Langmore Naomi E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTraditional ecological theory predicts that specialisation can promote speciation; hence, recently derived species are specialists. However, an alternative view is that new species have broad niches, which become narrower and specialised over time. Here, we test these hypotheses using avian brood parasites and three different measures of host specialisation. Brood parasites provide an ideal system in which to investigate the evolution of specialisation, because some exploit more than 40 host species and others specialise on only one. We find that young brood parasite species are smaller and specialise on a narrower range of host sizes, as expected, if specialisation is linked with the generation of new species. Moreover, we show that highly virulent parasites are more specialised, supporting findings in other host–parasite systems. Finally, we demonstrate that different measures of specialisation can lead to different conclusions, and specialisation indices should be designed taking into account the biology of each system.
Species residency status affects model selection and hypothesis testing in freshwater community ecology
Authors: Bried Jason T. , Siepielski Adam M. , Dvorett Daniel , Jog Suneeti K. , Patten Michael A. , Feng Xiao , Davis Craig A. 
Published: July 2016

Summary

Species occurrences have multiple ecological states that may strongly influence community analysis and inference. This may be especially true in freshwater systems where many animals have complex life cycles with adult dispersal and juvenile resident stages.

The effects of ecological state variation on standard empirical approaches are largely unknown. Here, we analysed the effects of natal resident versus non‐natal immigrant species occurrence on community‐level environmental gradient modelling and spatial–environmental hypothesis testing using adult dragonflies and damselflies as model taxa.

Resident and total (resident + immigrant) occurrences of these taxa responded to different sets of environmental variables and resident occurrences reduced model selection uncertainty in 75% of test cases.

Effects of environmental gradients, spatial gradients or both were observed in residents but not immigrants, and supported predictions of dispersal limitation and niche‐based species sorting often implicated for structuring freshwater communities.

These results indicate that resident‐only analysis of the dispersal stage should improve multi‐model inference and detection of spatial–environmental effects in freshwater community ecology. The species resident–immigrant dichotomy neglects population dynamics and individual variation yet apparently marks an ecologically significant boundary that scales up to influence community‐level occurrence patterns.
Methane oxidation in contrasting soil types: responses to experimental warming with implication for landscape‐integrated CH4 budget
Authors: D'Imperio Ludovica , Nielsen Cecilie Skov , Westergaard‐Nielsen Andreas , Michelsen Anders , Elberling Bo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractArctic ecosystems are characterized by a wide range of soil moisture conditions and thermal regimes and contribute differently to the net methane (CH4) budget. Yet, it is unclear how climate change will affect the capacity of those systems to act as a net source or sink of CH4. Here, we present results of in situ CH4 flux measurements made during the growing season 2014 on Disko Island (west Greenland) and quantify the contribution of contrasting soil and landscape types to the net CH4 budget and responses to summer warming. We compared gas flux measurements from a bare soil and a dry heath, at ambient conditions and increased air temperature, using open‐top chambers (OTCs). Throughout the growing season, bare soil consumed 0.22 ± 0.03 g CH4‐C m−2 (8.1 ± 1.2 g CO2‐eq m−2) at ambient conditions, while the dry heath consumed 0.10 ± 0.02 g CH4‐C m−2 (3.9 ± 0.6 g CO2‐eq m−2). These uptake rates were subsequently scaled to the entire study area of 0.15 km2, a landscape also consisting of wetlands with a seasonally integrated methane release of 0.10 ± 0.01 g CH4‐C m−2 (3.7 ± 1.2 g CO2‐eq m−2). The result was a net landscape sink of 12.71 kg CH4‐C (0.48 tonne CO2‐eq) during the growing season. A nonsignificant trend was noticed in seasonal CH4 uptake rates with experimental warming, corresponding to a 2% reduction at the bare soil, and 33% increase at the dry heath. This was due to the indirect effect of OTCs on soil moisture, which exerted the main control on CH4 fluxes. Overall, the net landscape sink of CH4 tended to increase by 20% with OTCs. Bare and dry tundra ecosystems should be considered in the net CH4 budget of the Arctic due to their potential role in counterbalancing CH4 emissions from wetlands – not the least when taking the future climatic scenarios of the Arctic into account.